bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cobordisms of graphs: A sliceness criterion for stably odd free knots and related results on cobordisms
Authors: Fedoseev Denis A. , Manturov Vassily O. 
Published: November 2018

In [1], the authors proved a sliceness criterion for odd free knots: free knots with odd chords. In the present paper, we give a similar criterion for stably odd free knots. In essence, free knots may be considered as framed 4-graphs. That leads to an important notion of framed 4-graph cobordism and the associated notion of graph genera. Some additional results on graph and free knot sliceness and cobordism are given.
МОРФОЛОГО-АНАТОМІЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЛИСТКІВ СЕРПІЮ УВІНЧАНОГО (SERRATULA CORONATA L.)
Authors: Marchyshyn S. M. , Atamanchuk T. O. , Rakhmetov D. B. , Sira L. M. 
Published: November 2018

Мета роботи. Встановлення морфолого-анатомічних діагностичних ознак листків серпію увінчаного.Матеріали і методи. Мікропрепарати виготовляли з висушених листків, фіксованих у суміші спирт-гліцерин-вода (1:1:1) і досліджували загальноприйнятими методами з використанням мікроскопа Item: PB -2610, фотофіксацію результатів здійснювали фотокамерою Samsung PL50.Результати й обговорення. Листки розеткові і низові стеблові листки довгочерешкові, великі. В прикореневій розетці у середньому приблизно 6 непарноперистих листків з 4-7 парами довгасто-ланцетних бічних сегментів. Стеблові листки серединної формації почергові, короткочерешкові або сидячі, перисто-роздільні або розсічені, зісподу сизуваті, зверху темно-зелені або з червонуватим відтінком. Край жорсткий, нерівномірно-крупно-пилчастий, зубці на кінці з гострим білуватим хрящуватим шипиком. По жилках – рідке опушення. Листкова пластинка стеблових листків за будовою гіпостоматична, дорсовентральна з достатньо диференційованим мезофілом. Головна жилки стеблового перисторозсіченого листка, що на ділянках між сегментами, сідлоподібної форми. Колатеральних провідних пучків 9, крупніші чергуються з дрібнішими. У бічних відрогах проходить по 2 маленьких концентричних пучечки.На мікропрепаратах з поверхні клітини верхньої епідерми листкової пластинки ізодіаметричні, слабохвилясті, продихи відсутні.Клітини епідерми нижньої сторони пластинки дрібніші, із більш звивистими оболонками. Продихів багато, округло-овальні, аномоцитного типу, оточені 3–5 клітинами епідерми. Подекуди вздовж жилок, зрідка між ними епідерма з довгими 3–5-клітинними, тонкими гострими волосками.Висновки. Вивчено морфолого-анатомічні ознаки серпію увінчаного та визначено основні макро- та мікроскопічні діагностичні ознаки листків, які будуть використані при стандартизації лікарської сировини – розробці методів контролю «Серпію листя».
Income Shocks and Suicides: Causal Evidence From Indonesia
Authors: Christian Cornelius , Hensel Lukas , Roth Christopher 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe examine how income shocks affect the suicide rate in Indonesia. We use a difference-in-differences approach, exploiting the cash transfer's nationwide rollout, and corroborate the findings using a randomized experiment. Our estimates show that the cash transfers reduce the yearly suicide rate by 0.36 per 100,000 people, corresponding to an 18% decrease. Moreover, a different type of income shock, variability in agricultural productivity, also affects the suicide rate. The cash transfer program reduces the causal impact of the agricultural productivity shocks, suggesting an important role for policy interventions. Finally, we provide evidence for depression as a psychological mechanism.
The Remembering and Forgetting of Advertising
Authors: Zielske Hubert A. 
Published: November 2018

How should advertising be scheduled? Should an advertising schedule be concentrated in an intensive “burst,” or should it be spread out over a longer period? For the same expenditure a relatively small number of consumers can be exposed to advertising many times, or a larger number can be exposed a smaller number of times. This unique study demonstrates how answers to these kinds of questions can be obtained.
Multiple Packaging: A Merchandising Tool
Authors: Dempsey William L. 
Published: November 2018

Multiple-unit packaging, the practice of banding from two to twelve units of a product and selling them as a package, is an increasingly important force in American merchandising. Primarily a carrier of beer cans in 1947, this idea has grown enormously in the last ten years. Although there are problems in supermarket merchandising of canned products that multiple packaging will not solve, most of its users have reported success in increased sales.
DO'S and DON'T'S in Selling Abroad
Authors: Nielsen Arthur C. 
Published: November 2018

Marketing men who sell abroad, or who are contemplating it, will acquire a fresh viewpoint from this 15-point discussion of marketing hazards in foreign countries. The President of the A. C. Nielsen Company discusses some of the dangers in foreign marketing that discourage the uninitiated, harass the misinformed, and gall the ill advised. But with his warnings are suggestions for positive action to avoid the hazards.
Temporal Interrelations of Consumer Decision
Authors: Atrill Verne H. 
Published: November 2018

This article is concerned with the formation of a product philosophy. It refers to an earlier article in the JOURNAL OF MARKETING by Walter A. Woods, in which a basic distinction between consumer and product variables was suggested as the point of departure for understanding a certain market. The present author advances the view that such a distinction is not really tenable, and suggests in its place another marketing concept.
A New Technique to Analyze Tourist Markets
Authors: Crampon L. J. 
Published: November 2018

One phase of recreation of increasing importance is tourism or travel. An increasing percentage of the consumer dollar is going into travel; and new and expanding business opportunities exist for those who serve the traveling public. To increase the success of these operations, more and better information is needed about the tourist markets; and especially needed are techniques to analyze these potential markets. Here is a brief description of a new technique that can be so used.
Improved Forecasting through Feedback
Authors: Whiteman Irvin R. 
Published: November 2018

Feedback is essential to modern control — we could not get a rocket to the moon without it. And what is useful for the scientific world also holds true for the managerial world. Can techniques of feedback be applied to improved forecasting of costs over the fiscal year, or to improved forecasting of contractual commitments? This article develops the basis for feedback forecasting, as well as the establishment of control limits for determining which forecasts depart significantly from plan.
The Care and Feeding of Marketing Consultants
Authors: Guss Leonard M. 
Published: November 2018

There is a way to use competent outside consulting services. There is a way to discriminate between those who are competent and those who are not. There is a way for management to utilize outside contributions without ever abdicating its own responsibilities. These are important considerations. But what if management responsibilities are abdicated and management thinks that in a consultant it has found a “crutch”? Here is a realistic diagnosis of the question.
What Are the Social and Ethical Responsibilities of Marketing Executives?
Authors: Patterson James M. 
Published: November 2018

Traditional ways of framing questions about the social and ethical responsibilities of marketing have on the whole been self-defeating. In fact, the discovery of workable answers to the question, “What are the social responsibilities of marketing?”, is quite unlikely. Is there a better way to proceed? YES. This article shows how marketing executives can develop some operational guides, even though not universal answers.
Marketing and the United States Supreme Court
Authors: Werner Ray O. 
Published: November 2018

When the United States Supreme Court acts to decide business controversies, how should modern marketers respond? What organizational or operational changes should management consider to conform to the decisions handed down by the Supreme Court? This article, premised on the conviction that the modern economy is constantly being modified by our legal institutions, analyzes eight different decisions handed down by the Supreme Court during 1965, as well as appropriate responses for marketers.
A Model for Ethics in Marketing
Authors: Bartels Robert 
Published: November 2018

Is a given marketing action always ethical, never ethical, or ethical relative to time, place, and circumstances? Upon what logical bases can a marketer determine what is “right” for him to do, not only in domestic but also in international business? This article presents a schematic plan for analyzing the variables inherent in the ethics of decision-making; and a framework for social and personal ethics is proposed.
Positive Robinson-Patman Pricing
Authors: Slater Charles C. , Mossman Frank H. 
Published: November 2018

Do present interpretations of the Robinson-Patman Act cause sellers to discriminate against large customers? This article deals with a new computer-based analysis procedure for improvement in consistency and reduction in discrimination in pricing practices. The authors show the steps needed to develop computer-based, marketing-oriented cost accounting systems and the application of this new pricing practice to an actual business situation.
The Influence of Driving Time upon Shopping Center Preference
Authors: Brunner James A. , Mason John L. 
Published: November 2018

Perhaps the most surprising thing about our knowledge of planned shopping centers is the gap of quantitative information available on the subject. The literature abounds with judgments, insights, and discussions on the significance of population, household income, and similar variables; but presentations of a statistical nature are few and far between. This article considers the trade area dimensions of shopping centers by observing, in a quantitative manner, the significance of travel time on customer behavior.
Food and Nutrition Policy
Authors: Okigbo Bede N. 
Published: November 2018

Cassava has attained the status of either dominant staple or co-staple in certain parts of the world where it contributes more than 50 per cent of the energy requirements of a bulk of the population. The nutritional hazards of cassava dependency require careful attention. It is necessary to adopt a systems approach and study the whole, often complex, food/nutrition system so as to understand it and arrive at a more realistic appraisal of the problems of cassava-dependence However, increasing dependence on cassava may result in gradually increasing quantities of its products being fed to young children. Replacement of more protein-rich weaning foods by cassava products should be avoided in order to safeguard young children from cassava toxicity and protein deficiency. Increased production of cassava as part of a food system should also involve the production of complementary foods to be consumed with cassava. Alternatively, the strategy should involve farming systems that ensure enough increases in cassava production to allow the resulting profit to be used to purchase all of the food that the farmer needs. A systems approach to the study of a cassava-dependent culture reveals many intervention opportunities in production, harvesting, processing, storage, marketing, home preparation, and transportation that can significantly minimize nutritional hazards while holding high potential for improving human welfare.
Bioconversion of Vegetable, Animal, and Industrial Wastes by Means of Fungi Mycelia in an Artificial Rumen
Authors: Torev Atanas 
Published: November 2018

In nature there are several thousand different higher fungi species, but not all of them have mycelia whose characteristics are in optimum combinations. Many of these fungi cannot be subjected to submerged cultivation, do not assimilate a large range of substrates, synthesize only a small amount of protein, and have an unsatisfactory degree of protein assimilation and other limitations. The V. Kolarov Higher Institute of Agriculture in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, has isolated strains of higher fungi mycelia that combine the most desirable biological, technological, and nutritive characteristics. A strain called PS-64 is especially promising. It was isolated in 1964, patented, and registered in the world collection of micro-organisms. PS-64 is available for license.
Programas de Intervención Alimentario Nutricional en America Latina y el Caribe entre 1970 y 1984
Authors: Espinosa F. , Ruiz C. , Valiente S. 
Published: November 2018

The main objective of this project was to establish an inventory of the food and nutrition programmes during the last 14 years in Latin America and the Caribbean. Information was obtained from official documents, interviews, and meetings with programme directors. Nearly all the countries of the region have carried out some kind of food intervention with the aim of improving the nutritional status of the vulnerable population. Of the 137 programmes identified, 126 were food supplementation programmes and 11 were subsidies. The programmes with the highest cost per beneficiary were the on-site food consumption programmes implemented mainly through nutritional centres (US$ 3240 per beneficiary/yr); next came those in which food was distributed as part of primary health care (US$ 28.40 per beneficiary/ yr). In terms of benefit and excluding the nutritional value of food distributed, the school programmes were the least costly (US$ 8.3 per beneficiary/yr). Funding was provided by governments with major external support, especially in Central American and Caribbean countries. Most programmes had no evaluation. Thus there is no way of determining the nutritional impact on the target population or the effectiveness of programmes. However, the coverage of most of these programmes was so limited that, even if effective, they would not represent a satisfactory solution to national food and nutrition problems
Differential modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels by nerve growth factor in three major subsets of TrkA-expressing nociceptors
Authors: Schaefer Irina , Prato Vincenzo , Arcourt Alice , Taberner Francisco J , Lechner Stefan G 
Published: November 2018

Nerve growth factor is an inflammatory mediator that induces long-lasting hyperalgesia, which can partially be attributed to nerve growth factor-induced sensitization of primary afferent nociceptors. It was shown that nerve growth factor increases the excitability of polymodal C-fibre nociceptors by modulating tetrodotoxin-sensitive and tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channels, but hitherto only little is known about the effects of nerve growth factor on sodium currents in other nociceptor subtypes that express the nerve growth factor receptor TrkA. We previously characterized two reporter mouse lines that allow the unequivocal identification of two important subclasses of TrkA-expressing nociceptors – i.e. neuropeptide Y receptor type 2 (NPY2R+ ) Aδ-fibre nociceptors that mediate pinprick pain and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha-3 subunit (CHRNA3+ ) silent nociceptors, which are the most abundant TrkA+ nociceptors in visceral organs and deep somatic tissues. Here, we utilized these mouse lines to investigate the expression patterns and the possible nerve growth factor-dependent modulation of sodium channels in these neurons using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We demonstrate that NPY2R+ nociceptors, CHRNA3+ ‘silent’ nociceptors and polymodal C-fibre nociceptors express different combinations of sodium channel α- and β-subunits and accordingly exhibit functionally different sodium currents. Moreover, we demonstrate that nerve growth factor produces robust hyperpolarizing shifts in the half-activation voltage of tetrodotoxin-resistant currents in NPY2R+ nociceptors and polymodal C-fibre nociceptors and also shifts the half-activation of tetrodotoxin-sensitive currents in polymodal C-fibre nociceptors. In silent nociceptors, however, nerve growth factor solely increases the current density of the tetrodotoxin-resistant current but does not alter other sodium channel properties. Considering the different peripheral target tissues and the previously reported roles in different forms of pain of the nociceptor subpopulations that were examined here, our results suggest that nerve growth factor differentially contributes to the development visceral and cutaneous pain hypersensitivity and highlights the importance of developing different therapeutic strategies for different forms of pain.
A Systematic Literature Review of Empirical Studies on Decentralized Nursing Stations
Authors: Fay Lindsey , Cai Hui , Real Kevin 
Published: November 2018

Objectives: The objective of this systematic review of literature was to critically evaluate peer-reviewed evidence regarding the effectiveness of decentralized nurse stations (DNSs). Background: The DNS has become an important topic in healthcare design research and practice over the past decade with aims of improving staff efficiency and patient experience. Research has shown to be inconclusive, with studies reporting an assortment of mixed findings. Method: A systematic review of literature was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses search process of electronic databases, citation tracking, and manual searches of references. All authors evaluated the studies independently. Studies included were empirical, peer-reviewed investigations of DNS in hospitals over the past 15 years. Each study was evaluated using an accepted healthcare design evaluation framework. Results: Over 200 studies were identified. After exclusions, 21 studies published since 2003 were available for full evaluation. Key findings from this review include (a) there is a positive trend toward patient experience in units with DNS, (b) nursing teamwork was perceived to decline in units with DNS, (c) methodological issues may be responsible for the mixed and inconsistent findings, and (d) there is no consistent categorization of nurse station typology or standard definition for DNS. Conclusions: Based on the evaluation framework, DNS are supportive of the patient experience yet have a negative impact on nursing teamwork. Higher quality studies are needed to classify specific typologies of DNS and account for elements such as patient care models, communication, visibility, and other patient care–related factors.
Regulation of xylem fiber differentiation by gibberellins through DELLA-KNAT1 interaction
Authors: Felipo-Benavent Amelia , Úrbez Cristina , Blanco-Touriñán Noel , Serrano-Mislata Antonio , Baumberger Nicolas , Achard Patrick , Agustí Javier , Blázquez Miguel A. , Alabadí David 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
The thickening of plant organs is supported by secondary growth, a process by which new vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) are produced. Xylem is composed of several cell types, including xylary fibers, parenchyma and vessel elements. In Arabidopsis, it has been shown that fibers are promoted by the class-I KNOX gene KNAT1 and the plant hormones gibberellins, and are repressed by a small set of receptor-like kinases; however, we lack a mechanistic framework to integrate their relative contributions. Here, we show that DELLAs, negative elements of the gibberellin signaling pathway, physically interact with KNAT1 and impair its binding to KNAT1-binding sites. Our analysis also indicates that at least 37% of the transcriptome mobilized by KNAT1 is potentially dependent on this interaction, and includes genes involved in secondary cell wall modifications and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Moreover, the promotion by constitutive overexpression of KNAT1 of fiber formation and the expression of genes required for fiber differentiation were still reverted by DELLA accumulation, in agreement with post-translational regulation of KNAT1 by DELLA proteins. These results suggest that gibberellins enhance fiber development by promoting KNAT1 activity.
WNT/β-catenin signaling plays a crucial role in myoblast fusion through regulation of nephrin expression during development
Authors: Suzuki Akiko , Minamide Ryohei , Iwata Junichi 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Skeletal muscle development is controlled by a series of multiple orchestrated regulatory pathways. WNT/β-catenin is one of the most important pathways for myogenesis; however, it remains unclear how this signaling pathway regulates myogenesis in a temporal- and spatial-specific manner. Here, we show that WNT/β-catenin signaling is crucial for myoblast fusion through regulation of the nephrin (Nphs1) gene in the Myog-Cre-expressing myoblast population. Mice deficient for the β-catenin gene in Myog-Cre-expressing myoblasts (Ctnnb1F/F;Myog-Cre mice) displayed myoblast fusion defects, but not migration or cell proliferation defects. The promoter region of Nphs1 contains the conserved β-catenin-binding element, and Nphs1 expression was induced by the activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling. The induction of Nphs1 in cultured myoblasts from Ctnnb1F/F;Myog-Cre mice restored the myoblast fusion defect, indicating that nephrin is functionally relevant in WNT/β-catenin-dependent myoblast fusion. Taken together, our results indicate that WNT/β-catenin signaling is crucial for myoblast fusion through the regulation of the Nphs1 gene.
Drosophila small ovary gene is required for transposon silencing and heterochromatin organization, and ensures germline stem cell maintenance and differentiation
Authors: Jankovics Ferenc , Bence Melinda , Sinka Rita , Faragó Anikó , Bodai László , Pettkó-Szandtner Aladár , Ibrahim Karam , Takács Zsanett , Szarka-Kovács Alexandra Brigitta , Erdélyi Miklós 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells is one of the fundamental biological phenomena relying on proper chromatin organization. In our study, we describe a novel chromatin regulator encoded by the Drosophila small ovary (sov) gene. We demonstrate that sov is required in both the germline stem cells (GSCs) and the surrounding somatic niche cells to ensure GSC survival and differentiation. sov maintains niche integrity and function by repressing transposon mobility, not only in the germline, but also in the soma. Protein interactome analysis of Sov revealed an interaction between Sov and HP1a. In the germ cell nuclei, Sov colocalizes with HP1a, suggesting that Sov affects transposon repression as a component of the heterochromatin. In a position-effect variegation assay, we found a dominant genetic interaction between sov and HP1a, indicating their functional cooperation in promoting the spread of heterochromatin. An in vivo tethering assay and FRAP analysis revealed that Sov enhances heterochromatin formation by supporting the recruitment of HP1a to the chromatin. We propose a model in which sov maintains GSC niche integrity by regulating transposon silencing and heterochromatin formation.
Laser-Structured Graphene/Reduced Graphene Oxide Films towards Bio-Inspired Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Li Mu-Tian , Liu Monan , Yu Yan-Hao , Li Ai-Wu , Sun Hong-Bo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Fine-tuning the physical and chemical properties of graphene and its derivatives is crucial for developing novel multi-functional graphene-based devices. Natural bio-surfaces with rich micro-nanostructures are inspirational for such schemes since they possess unique properties such as superhydrophobicity. In order to effectively acquire these bio-functions, graphene-related materials need to be structured into regularly arranged biomimetic structures. Laser-processing techniques, such as two beam laser interference lithography and femtosecond laser direct-writing, are powerful prototype techniques for their outstanding patterning ability. Herein, we briefly reviewed laser-structuring on graphene or graphene oxide to realize highly functional biomimetic surfaces.