bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of vitamin D, omega‐3 supplementation, or a home exercise program on muscle mass and sarcopenia: DO‐HEALTH trial
Authors: Eggimann Anna K. , de Godoi Rezende Costa Molino Caroline , Freystaetter Gregor , Vellas Bruno , Kanis John A. , Rizzoli René , Kressig Reto W. , Armbrecht Gabriele , Da Silva José A. P. , Dawson‐Hughes Bess , Lang Wei , Gagesch Michael , Egli Andreas , Bischoff‐Ferrari Heike A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to investigate the effect of daily supplemental vitamin D, omega‐3s, and a thrice‐weekly home exercise program, alone or in combination, on change of appendicular lean muscle mass index (ALMI) and incident sarcopenia in older adults.MethodsThis is a secondary endpoint analysis of a 3‐year randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design among 2157 community‐dwelling, healthy adults aged 70 + years, from 2012 to 2018 (DO‐HEALTH). Participants were randomized to 2000 IU/d vitamin D and/or 1 g/d marine omega‐3s and/or exercise. Change in ALMI over 3 years was calculated in all participants who underwent dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) (n = 1495) using mixed effect models. Incident sarcopenia was analyzed based on the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium in all non‐sarcopenic participants (n = 1940).ResultsAmong 1495 participants (mean age 74.9 (sd 4.4); 63.3% were women; 80.5% were at least moderately physically active at baseline) mean gait speed at baseline was 1.2 m/s (sd 0.3), mean ALMI at baseline was 6.65 (SD 0.95) in women, and 8.01 (SD 0.88) kg/m2 in men. At year 3, average change of ALMI was −0.09 (sd 0.34) kg/m2 (−1.35%) in women and − 0.17 (sd 0.33) kg/m2 (−2.0%) in men. None of the treatments individually or in combination had a benefit on ALMI change compared to control over 3 years, with omega‐3s showing a small protective effect on ALMI at year 1 only (−0.021 vs. no‐omega‐3s −0.066 kg/m2, p = 0.001). Of 1940 non‐sarcopenic participants at baseline, 88 (4.5%) developed incident sarcopenia over 3 years. None of the treatments individually or in combination reduced the odds of incident sarcopenia compared with placebo.ConclusionAmong healthy, physically active older adults, ALMI and incidence of sarcopenia were not improved by treatment of daily 2000 IU vitamin D, daily 1 g omega‐3s, or a simple home exercise program compared with control over 3 years.
The “nature” and “nurture” of product lifetimes in dynamic stock modeling
Authors: Krych Kamila , Müller Daniel B. , Pettersen Johan B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProduct life extension is often portrayed as one of the pillars of the circular economy since longer lifetimes slow down material turnover rates and thus decrease resource use and associated emissions. Strategies for product longevity can involve addressing the product “nature” (inherent product durability) or “nurture” (external factors). Yet, in most dynamic material flow analysis (dMFA) studies, lifetime is an intrinsic property of the cohort assigned “at birth,” so “nurture” strategies such as repair or reuse cannot be explicitly considered. Here, we introduce a Python‐based tool for comprehensive modeling of lifetime changes in dMFA, including three dimensions of lifetime: age, period (time), and cohort. The tool employs the hazard function, which directly links the outflow to the preceding year's stock, allowing for differentiating the influence of product nature and nurture on lifetimes. The tool supports dynamic stock and flow calculations and is compatible with ODYM, a commonly used dMFA framework. We apply the tool to a case study on dishwashers in Norway to illustrate nature‐ and nurture‐focused lifetime extension strategies. The framework enables linking product lifespans with events such as economic crises and pandemics. It can serve to model life extension scenarios in dMFA that (i) extend the lifetime not only of the new products entering use but also of the products already in use, thus achieving faster effects; and (ii) expand the group of potential stakeholders beyond producers and designers to, for example, consumers, repairers, and resellers. This article met the requirements for a gold‐gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.
Contact Metamorphism of Pelitic Rocks Constrains the Depth of Emplacement of the Re di Castello Intrusion (Adamello Batholith, Italy)
Authors: Cesare Bernardo , Bartoli Omar , Brack Peter , Moranduzzo Giorgio , Randazzo Arianna , Iaccarino Salvatore , Santello Lisa 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRe di Castello is the southernmost unit of the composite Adamello batholith (central Alps, Italy). It was emplaced between 43 and 40 Ma, yet its depth of emplacement is not well constrained. We have studied the contact metamorphism of pelitic country rocks in two localities: the upper Caffaro Valley and the Borzago Valley in the southern and the northern sub‐units of the Re di Castello, respectively. In the Caffaro Valley, the country rocks comprise the Triassic sedimentary Lozio Shale, a carbon‐rich slate–siltstone, which was intruded by quartz‐dioritic magma. Near the contact, the hornfelses display the mineralogical assemblage Kfs‐Crd‐Bt‐Ms‐Pl‐Qz‐Gr, with rare fibrolitic sillimanite in a single sample. Andalusite was never observed throughout the aureole at this locality. In the Borzago Valley, contact metamorphism developed on schists of the pre‐Permian basement with a Variscan, regional metamorphic overprint. The sequence of contact metamorphic mineral assemblages progresses from And‐Bt‐bearing parageneses to the Sil‐Crd‐Bt‐Kfs‐Ms‐Pl‐Qz that characterizes peak conditions, at which incipient melting is also observed. K‐feldspar forms slightly upgrade the first appearance of sillimanite. For samples at both localities, thermodynamic modelling in the NCKFMASHT system failed at predicting a stability field for the sequences of mineral assemblages developed during contact metamorphism. Also the Ti‐in biotite thermometer did not constrain temperatures adequately. The P–T conditions at the thermal peak were thus evaluated by an alternative bathograd‐like approach, considering phase relationships in the simplified NKASH‐C system. To form sillimanite only as product of the incomplete Ms‐Qz breakdown—divariant for the presence of Na in Ms and Kfs and shifted to lower temperature due to the presence of graphite (in the Lozio Shale)—an isobaric path typical of contact metamophism must have crossed above the Msss‐Qz‐Kfsss‐Sil‐And‐fluid invariant point. This constrains an emplacement pressure >3.3 kbar in the Caffaro Valley, and >3.2 kbar in the Borzago Valley. Concerning temperature, the same univariant point also constrains the minimum temperature in the Caffaro Valley as >615°C–620°C, consistent with results of RSCM thermometry on graphite from the Lozio Shale. The evidence of incipient melting in some samples from the Borzago Valley indicates higher temperatures, probably approaching 670°C, near the contact to the intrusion. Assuming an average crust density of 2.7 g cm−3, the estimated pressures correspond to a minimum paleo‐depth of emplacement of about 12 km. These depths are somewhat greater than normally considered and should be regarded as revised constraints on models of the emplacement dynamics of the Adamello batholith and on paleogeographic reconstructions of this part of the Southalpine domain.
Dermal Filler‐Induced Alopecia: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Albargawi Salma , Nagshabandi Khalid Nabil , Shadid Asem 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDermal filler‐induced alopecia is a rare yet significant complication of aesthetic procedures primarily associated with vascular occlusion and subsequent tissue ischemia. Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, though widely used for facial rejuvenation, can lead to adverse outcomes such as skin necrosis and hair loss, particularly in high‐risk areas like the temples and glabella.ObjectiveThis case report aims to highlight the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and multidisciplinary management of filler‐induced alopecia, contributing to the existing literature with a comprehensive review of previously reported cases.MethodA 21‐year‐old female presented with localized skin necrosis and alopecia four days after receiving 7 mL of HA filler injections in the temples, tear trough, and eyebrow glabella regions. Trichoscopy revealed follicular dropout and white dots, consistent with ischemic hair loss. Treatment included hyaluronidase injections (1500 units), intralesional corticosteroids, topical minoxidil, and CO2 laser therapy. Over 1 year of follow‐up, the patient achieved complete hair regrowth and resolution of facial scarring.ResultsOnly 16 cases of filler‐induced alopecia have been documented, predominantly involving HA fillers. This case underscores the importance of early recognition and intervention with hyaluronidase to mitigate ischemic damage. The multidisciplinary management approach employed here demonstrates the potential for full cosmetic recovery.ConclusionFiller‐induced alopecia, though rare, necessitates heightened awareness among dermatologists and aesthetic practitioners. Adhering to recommended injection techniques and dosages, alongside the judicious use of ultrasound guidance, can minimize risks and improve patient safety.
Heat Treatment of Saliva to Reduce Infectious Disease Contamination Does Not Impact the Analysis of Melatonin by Radioimmunoassay
Authors: Salkeld Mark D. , Kennaway David J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe determination of melatonin levels in saliva represents one of the key methods for assessing the timing of the central circadian clock in humans, both in research and clinical settings. Melatonin levels in saliva are typically determined in a laboratory setting by RIA or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) presented a serious challenge to the routine, safe assessment of melatonin in saliva samples. However, SARS‐CoV‐2 present in biological fluids can be inactivated by exposure to temperatures of at least 55–60°C for 30 min and the aim of this study was to assess the validity of applying a pretreatment heating step to saliva samples being prepared for melatonin determination using the Novolytix Radioimmunoassay (RK‐DSM2). 40 archived saliva samples collected under a Dim Light Melatonin Onset sampling protocol were thawed and aliquoted into three identical groups—Controls (no pretreatment), 56°C pre‐assay heat‐treatment (30 min), and 70°C pre‐assay heat‐treatment (30 min). Melatonin concentrations in samples that were heated to 56°C for 30 min before assaying showed close agreement with the untreated controls, with the Pearson's correlation coefficient between the two sets of samples of 0.99 (p < 0.0001) and the slope of the Deming regression analysis close to 1.0 (Y = 1.04X + 0.168). When saliva samples were pretreated to 70°C for 30 min before assaying, the subsequent melatonin determinations were still strongly correlated with the untreated controls (Pearsons correlation coefficient = 0.97 (p < 0.0001), however melatonin concentrations were consistently overestimated when compared to the untreated controls with Deming regression slope of Y = 1.26X + 0.241. These results indicate that a 56°C pretreatment step is suitable for inclusion in standard operating protocols for melatonin determinations using the Novolytix RIA, as a way of effectively minimizing the potential for accidental pathogen exposure while handling saliva samples.
Genotyping and drug susceptibility profiling of Prototheca sp. strains isolated from cases of protothecosis in dogs
Authors: Proskurnicka Angelika , Iskra Mateusz , Wronka Sylwia , Bakuła Zofia , Danesi Patrizia , de Farias Marconi Rodrigues , Ramos Portilho Fábio Vinícius , Garcia Ribeiro Márcio , Rösler Uwe , Kano Rui , Malik Richard , Jagielski Tomasz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundProtothecosis in dogs is a rare, yet emerging disease, distinguished by its often‐aggressive clinical course and high fatality rate. Our study was conducted to enhance treatment protocols for affected dogs by better understanding the genetic diversity and drug resistance patterns of Prototheca species.ObjectivesTo identify species and drug susceptibility profiles of an international collection of 28 Prototheca strains isolated from cases of protothecosis in dogs.AnimalsNone.MethodsRetrospective study. Species‐level identification was made for isolates from 28 dogs in 6 countries by molecular typing with the partial cytb gene as a marker. For the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum algicidal concentrations (MACs), the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocol (M27‐A3) was used.ResultsPrototheca bovis was the most prevalent species, accounting for 75% (21/28) of the cases, followed by P. wickerhamii (18%; 5/28) and P. ciferrii (7%; 2/28). Of the 6 drugs tested, efinaconazole (EFZ) was the most potent in vitro, with its median MIC and MAC values equal to 0.125 mg/L. The lowest activity was found for fluconazole (FLU), with MIC and MAC medians of 48 mg/L and 64 mg/L, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOur study identifies P. bovis as the species that most frequently causes protothecosis in dogs, which suggests the possibility of cross‐species infection from other animals, especially cows. Additionally, it indicates that EFZ could be used in the treatment of infection in the colon.
Recipient‐Donor Sex Constellation in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma—An ELTR Study
Authors: Magyar Christian Tibor Josef , Arteaga Noah Free , Germani Giacomo , Karam Vincent Hassan , Adam Rene , Romagnoli Renato , De Simone Paolo , Robin Fabien , Cherqui Daniel , Boscà Andrea , Mazzaferro Vincenzo , Fundora Yiliam , Heneghan Michael , Llado Laura , Lesurtel Mickael , Cescon Matteo , Mirza Darius , Cavelti Andrea , Christen Lucienne , Storni Federico , Kim‐Fuchs Corina , Lachenmayer Anja , Beldi Guido , Candinas Daniel , Radu Iuliana‐Pompilia , Schwacha‐Eipper Birgit , Berzigotti Annalisa , Banz Vanessa ,   the European Liver and Intestine Transplant Association (ELITA)
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground & AimsHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Liver transplantation (LT) is a curative treatment option. We investigated survival outcomes based on recipient‐donor sex constellation (RDSC) following LT.MethodsWe performed a European Liver Transplant Registry analysis, including patients from 1988 to December 2022. The cohort was split into four RDSC groups: female donor female recipient (FDFR), female donor male recipient (FDMR), male donor female recipient (MDFR) and male donor male recipient (MDMR). Survival analysis, including death with recurrence, was performed.ResultsIn 7601 LT for HCC with an overall median follow‐up of 22.6 months (5.8, 60.7), death was registered in 25.1% and, as primary cause of death, HCC tumour recurrence in 26.0%. There was no statistically significant difference on crude survival estimates among the different RDSC groups (log‐rank p = 0.66) with 10‐year overall survival (OS) of 54.5% in FDFR, 54.6% in FDMR, 59.1% in MDFR and 56.9% in MDMR. On multivariable analysis, RDSC showed a significant effect on OS (FDFR as reference): MDFR (aHR 0.72, p = 0.023). No significant difference was found for FDMR (aHR 0.98, p = 0.821) and MDMR (aHR 0.90, p= 0.288). Regarding overall registered causes of death, differences between RDSC groups were found in rejection (p = 0.017) and cardiovascular (p = 0.046) associated deaths.ConclusionsIn female recipients undergoing LT for HCC, male donor grafts were associated with a 28% reduction of mortality compared to female donor grafts.
Reinforcement learning‐based approach for urban road project scheduling considering alternative closure types
Authors: Seilabi S. E. , Saneii M. , Pourgholamali M. , Miralinaghi M. , Labi S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGrowth in urban population, travel, and motorization continue to cause an increased need for urban projects to expand road capacity. Unfortunately, these projects also cause travel delays, emissions, driver frustration, and other road user adversities. To alleviate these ills, road agencies often face two work zone design choices: close the road fully and re‐reroute traffic or implement partial closure. Both options have significant implications for peri‐construction road capacity, traveler costs, and the project duration and cost. This study presents a decision‐making methodology to facilitate the choice between full road closure and partial closure. The presented decision‐making methodology is a bi‐level optimization problem: at the upper level, the road agency seeks to optimally schedule road construction work to minimize net vehicle emissions and road construction costs. The lower‐level of the problem captures two types of travelers’ route choice behaviors: rational travelers who minimize their travel time and path‐loyal travelers who do not change their routes from their pre‐construction routes. The bi‐level mixed integer nonlinear model is solved using a reinforcement learning‐based algorithm (the multi‐armed bandit‐guided particle swarm optimization [PSO] technique). The computational experiments suggest the superiority of the proposed algorithm, compared to the classic PSO algorithm in terms of solution quality. The numerical results suggest that if the percentage of path‐loyal travelers increases, the agency needs to invest more in road project construction to implement under partial closure to avoid a significant increase in vehicle emissions.
Shining a new light on the classical concepts of carbon‐isotope dendrochronology
Authors: Wieloch Thomas 
Published: November 2024

SummaryRetrospective information about plant ecophysiology and the climate system are key inputs in Earth system and vegetation models. Dendrochronology provides such information with large spatiotemporal coverage, and carbon‐isotope analysis across tree‐ring series is among the most advanced dendrochronological tools. For the past 70 years, this analysis was performed on whole molecules and, to this day, 13C discrimination during carbon assimilation is invoked to explain isotope variation and associated climate signals. However, recently it was reported that tree‐ring glucose exhibits multiple isotope signals at the intramolecular level (see Wieloch et al., 2025). Here, I estimated the signals' contribution to whole‐molecule isotope variation and found that downstream processes in leaf and stem metabolism each introduce more variation than carbon assimilation. Moreover, downstream processes introduce most of the climate information. These findings are inconsistent with the classical concepts/practices of carbon‐isotope dendrochronology. More importantly, intramolecular tree‐ring isotope analysis promises novel insights into forest metabolism and the climate of the past.
Developmentally regulated generation of a systemic signal for long‐lasting defence priming in tomato
Authors: Stevens Katie , Roberts Michael R. , Jeynes‐Cupper Katie , Majeed Lamya , Pastor Victoria , Catoni Marco , Luna Estrella 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Tomato is a major global crop. However, its production is limited by Botrytis cinerea. Due to the toxicity of postharvest pesticide application, alternative control methods such as priming are being investigated.
Plants were treated with β‐aminobutyric acid (BABA) at two developmental stages and resistance against B. cinerea was tested in fruit tissue and in progenies. DNA methylation and RNA sequencing were conducted to characterise the (epi)genetic changes associated with long‐lasting resistance. Grafting experiments were done to assess the systemic nature of this signal, which was further characterised by small RNA (sRNA) sequencing of scions.
Only BABA‐treated seedlings displayed induced resistance (IR). DNA methylation analysis revealed seedling‐specific changes, which occurred in the context of lower basal methylation. BABA‐IR was found to be transmissible from primed rootstock to grafted unprimed scions. In these scions, we identified a subset of mobile 24 nt sRNAs associated with genes showing primed expression during infection in fruit.
Our results demonstrate the functional association of a systemic signal with long‐lasting IR and priming. Through integrated omics approaches, we have identified markers of long‐lasting priming in tomato fruit which could also serve as targets for durable resistance in other crops.
SPECIAL BUILDINGS AT NEOLITHIC GIRMELER, NEAR TLOS IN SOUTH‐WEST ANATOLIA
Authors: Erdoğu Burçin , Korkut Taner , Takaoğlu Turan , Yücel Nejat , Usanmaz Uygar Ozan , Derici Yasin Cemre 
Published: November 2024

SummarySpecial buildings, or communal buildings, were ubiquitous in most Neolithic settlements in the Levant, Upper Mesopotamia, and Anatolia. Recently, remains of three special buildings with terrazzo floors dating to the early seventh millennium BC representing the Initial Neolithic period in west Anatolian chronology were unearthed in the basal layers of the mound located in front of the Girmeler cave in south‐west Anatolia. The terrazzo floors in these three special buildings feature traces of red‐painted linear and geometric decorations, while one also contains human burials. These special buildings may enhance our understanding of the symbolic and ritual behaviours of the Neolithic communities living on the south‐west fringes of Anatolia. They may have been gathering places for ritual activities that helped create social memories and define group identities, as well as strengthen intra‐ and inter‐societal relations among Neolithic groups. It is argued that the location of these special buildings adjacent to a natural hot spring before a cave with an impressive façade may have been one of the factors that eventually led Neolithic groups to form a gathering pattern here.
Out on a Limb: Testing the Hydraulic Vulnerability Segmentation Hypothesis in Trees Across Multiple Ecosystems
Authors: Peters Jennifer M. R. , Choat Brendan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPlant hydraulic theory states that leaf and stem vulnerability to embolism is coordinated within individual plants. The hydraulic vulnerability segmentation hypothesis (HVSH) predicts higher vulnerability in leaves to protect the stem from hydraulic failure, preserving stem xylem, which is generally more metabolically expensive and slower to regenerate than leaf tissues. However, studies designed to test HVSH have reported wide ranges in vulnerability segmentation (VS), and patterns with the environment have been elusive. In this study, we tested HVSH in phylogenetically constrained tree species from contrasting ecosystems across the Australian landscape. In 12 species, we found no support for HVSH. While leaf vulnerability was strongly governed by climate, VS was universally absent or negative. Consistently, the onset of leaf embolism occurred after the loss of leaf turgor and seasonally low leaf water potentials, illustrating the rarity of embolism in leaves. Within the leaf, embolism primarily occurring first and last in the leaf midvein, suggesting redundancy in leaf architecture to preserve function. Overall, this multi‐ecosystem study provides a more complete picture of drought resistance mechanisms: (1) leaf safety was greatest in trees from drier ecosystems and (2) hydraulic thresholds were mostly conserved across organs indicating environmentally driven drought resistance in both leaves and stems.