bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From a “pornographic” book to a classic
Authors: Bai Ge 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article aims to investigate the relationship between paratexts and the translation product with a case study of Lolita translations in China. Since Lolita has been one of the most frequently retranslated literary works in China over the past three decades, it can serve as a bellwether of the changes that have taken place in the translation field as well as those in the social, cultural and historical context. Therefore, a comparative study of the paratextual elements of Lolita translations acts as a reflection of the negotiations between the translation activity and the changing socio-political context. The analysis of paratexts locates translation as a social activity in which many agents are involved other than simply the translator and the source text. Through their organic integration with the translation products, the paratextual elements, functioning as genre indicators, work to promote the translation while potentially predicting its target readership. In the translation and retranslation of the same source text, a discussion of the paratexts may provide new insights into understanding the relationship between translations and retranslations as well as the evolution of the translation field in relation to Chinese society.
Emerging viruses in marine mammals.
Authors: Bossart G. D. , Duignan P. J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Emerging infectious disease has become a serious concern that has consequences for human, animal and environmental health on a global scale. During the past two decades, it has become clear that viruses are emerging in terrestrial environments from the human-animal interface at an unprecedented rate. Thus, the understanding of complex diseases associated with emerging zoonotic pathogens and the creation and execution of strategies to deal with this issue has assumed new public health importance, requiring a One Health approach involving multiple health disciplines. Similar infectious disease trends involving emerging viruses are now being documented in aquatic ecosystems and are impacting marine mammals. As in terrestrial species, emerging viruses in marine mammals may be associated with neoplasia, epizootics and zoonotic disease and involve a complex pathogenesis involving noninfectious cofactors such as anthropogenic toxins, biotoxins, immunologic suppression and other environmental stressors. Among the viruses recently isolated from marine mammals are influenza viruses, morbilliviruses, papillomaviruses, herpesviruses, arboviruses, caliciviruses and others. Many of these emerging marine mammal viruses are associated with disease and specific pathologic findings. In other cases, the disease significance of these novel viruses is unknown and requires further research. In this report, we briefly review emerging viruses that have disease significance for marine mammals and/or public health. Novel concurrent clinicopathologic data will be presented when available broadening the understanding of disease pathogenesis. References will help provide more in-depth information. Additionally, this review has demonstrated that marine mammals may be important sentinel animals that indicate environmental health concerns and parallel emerging public health issues.
A note on discrete spherical averages over sparse sequences
Authors: Cook Brian 
Published: February 2019

This note presents an example of an increasing sequence

(

λ
l

)

l
=
1

∞

(\lambda _l)_{l=1}^\infty

such that the maximal operators associated to the normalized discrete spherical convolution averages
\[

sup

l
≥
1

1

r
(

λ
l

)

|

∑

|

x

|

2

=

λ
l

f
(
y
−
x
)
|

,

\sup _{l\geq 1}\frac {1}{r(\lambda _l)}\left |\sum _{|x|^2=\lambda _l}f(y-x)\right |,

\]
defined for functions

f
:

Z

n

→

C

f:\mathbb {Z}^n\to \mathbb {C}

, are bounded on

ℓ
p

\ell ^p

for all

p
>
1

p>1

when the ambient dimension

n
n

is at least five.
Uniformly non–improvable Dirichlet set via continued fractions
Authors: Huang Lingling , Wu Jun 
Published: February 2019

Let

[

a
1

(
x
)
,

a
2

(
x
)
,
…
]

[a_1(x),a_2(x),\ldots ]

be the continued fraction expansion of

x
∈
[
0
,
1
)

x\in [0,1)

and let

q
n

(
x
)

q_n(x)

be the denominator of the

n
n

th convergent. Recently, Hussain-Kleinbock-Wadleigh-Wang (2018) showed that for any

τ
≥
0
,

\tau \ge 0,

the set

D

c

(
τ
)
=

{

x
∈
[
0
,
1
)
:

lim sup

n
→
∞

log
⁡

(

a
n

(
x
)

a

n
+
1

(
x
)

)

log
⁡

q
n

(
x
)

≥
τ

}

\begin{equation*} D^{c}(\tau )=\Big \{x\in [0,1): \limsup \limits _{n\rightarrow \infty }\frac {\log \big (a_n(x)a_{n+1}(x)\big )}{\log q_n(x)}\ge \tau \Big \} \end{equation*}

is of Hausdorff dimension

2

τ
+
2

.

\frac {2}{\tau +2}.

In this note, we study the Hausdorff dimension of the set

a
m
p
;
F
(
τ
)
=

{

x
∈
[
0
,
1
)
:

lim

n
→
∞

log
⁡

(

a
n

(
x
)

a

n
+
1

(
x
)

)

log
⁡

q
n

(
x
)

=
τ

}

.

\begin{align*} &F(\tau )=\Big \{x\in [0,1): \lim \limits _{n\rightarrow \infty }\frac {\log \big (a_n(x)a_{n+1}(x)\big )}{\log q_n(x)}=\tau \Big \}. \end{align*}

It is proved that the set

F
(
τ
)

F(\tau )

has Hausdorff dimension

1
1

or

2

τ
+

τ
2

+
4

+
2

\frac {2}{\tau +\sqrt {\tau ^2+4}+2}

according as

τ
=
0

\tau =0

or

τ
>
0.

\tau >0.
To What Extent Does Age at Death Account for Sex Differences in Rates of Mortality From Alzheimer Disease?
Authors: Buckley Rachel F , Waller Michael , Masters Colin L , Dobson Annette 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOur objective was to compare sex-specific rates of death with Alzheimer disease (AD) or dementia as the underlying or associated cause of death using death records. Deidentified individual records on causes of death for all people aged 60 years or more who died in Australia during 2006–2014 (n = 1,104,684) were analyzed. There were 184,562 records with International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes for dementia (AD, vascular dementia, or unspecified dementia). Death rate ratios for women versus men were estimated using Poisson regression. Women had a greater crude rate of death from all types of dementia than men (5.9 deaths per 1,000 person-years as compared with 3.8 deaths per 1,000 person-years), which disappeared after adjustment for age. For AD, the age-adjusted rate was higher among women (rate ratio = 1.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.12, 1.16), while for vascular dementia age-adjusted rates were higher for men (rate ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval: 0.78, 0.82). There was no evidence of a differential bias in coding of dementia type between men and women. Women’s older age at death explained much of the sex-related difference in rates of death from AD or dementia. However, excess numbers of AD deaths among women and vascular dementia deaths among men remained, providing support for the hypothesis of greater biological risk of AD in women.
Inflorescence shoot elongation, but not flower primordia formation, is photoperiodically regulated in Arabidopsis lyrata
Authors: Kemi Ulla , Leinonen Päivi H , Savolainen Outi , Kuittinen Helmi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Photoperiod contains information about the progress of seasons. Plants use the changing photoperiod as a cue for the correct timing of important life history events, including flowering. Here the effect of photoperiod on flowering in four Arabidopsis lyrata populations originating from different latitudes was studied, as well as expression levels of candidate genes for governing the between-population differences.

Methods
Flowering of plants from four A. lyrata populations was studied in three different photoperiods after vernalization. Flowering development was separated into three steps: flower primordia formation, inflorescence shoot elongation and opening of the first flower. Circadian expression rhythms of the A. lyrata homologues of GIGANTEA (GI), FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1 (FKF1), CONSTANS (CO) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) were studied in three of the populations in the intermediate (14 h) photoperiod treatment.

Key Results
Most plants in all populations formed visible flower primordia during vernalization. Further inflorescence development after vernalization was strongly inhibited by short days in the northern European population (latitude 61°N), only slightly in the central European population (49°N) and not at all in the North American populations (36°N and 42°N). In the 14 h daylength, where all plants from the three southernmost populations but only 60 % of the northernmost population flowered, the circadian expression rhythm of the A. lyrata FT was only detected in the southern populations, suggesting differentiation in the critical daylength for activation of the long-day pathway. However, circadian expression rhythms of A. lyrata GI, FKF1 and CO were similar between populations.

Conclusions
The results indicate that in A. lyrata, transition to flowering can occur through pathways independent of long days, but elongation of inflorescences is photoperiodically regulated.
BioMethyl: an R package for biological interpretation of DNA methylation data
Authors: Wang Yue , Franks Jennifer M , Whitfield Michael L , Cheng Chao 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Motivation
The accumulation of publicly available DNA methylation datasets has resulted in the need for tools to interpret the specific cellular phenotypes in bulk tissue data. Current approaches use either single differentially methylated CpG sites or differentially methylated regions that map to genes. However, these approaches may introduce biases in downstream analyses of biological interpretation, because of the variability in gene length. There is a lack of approaches to interpret DNA methylation effectively. Therefore, we have developed computational models to provide biological interpretation of relevant gene sets using DNA methylation data in the context of The Cancer Genome Atlas.

Results
We illustrate that Biological interpretation of DNA Methylation (BioMethyl) utilizes the complete DNA methylation data for a given cancer type to reflect corresponding gene expression profiles and performs pathway enrichment analyses, providing unique biological insight. Using breast cancer as an example, BioMethyl shows high consistency in the identification of enriched biological pathways from DNA methylation data compared to the results calculated from RNA sequencing data. We find that 12 out of 14 pathways identified by BioMethyl are shared with those by using RNA-seq data, with a Jaccard score 0.8 for estrogen receptor (ER) positive samples. For ER negative samples, three pathways are shared in the two enrichments with a slight lower similarity (Jaccard score = 0.6). Using BioMethyl, we can successfully identify those hidden biological pathways in DNA methylation data when gene expression profile is lacking.

Availability and implementation
BioMethyl R package is freely available in the GitHub repository (https://github.com/yuewangpanda/BioMethyl).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Newborns in Bamako, Mali
Authors: Buchwald Andrea G , Tamboura Boubou , Tennant Sharon M , Haidara Fadima C , Coulibaly Flanon , Doumbia Moussa , Diallo Fatoumata , Keita Adama M , Sow Samba O , Kotloff Karen L , Levine Myron M , Tapia Milagritos D 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Few studies describe the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) burden in African populations, and most have utilized hospital-based surveillance. In Mali, no community-based studies exist of the incidence or epidemiology of RSV infection. This study provides the first estimates of RSV incidence in Mali.

Methods
In a cohort of infants enrolled in a clinical trial of maternal influenza vaccination, we estimate incidence of RSV-associated febrile illness in the first 6 months of life and identify risk factors for RSV infection and progression to severe disease. Infants (N = 1871) were followed from birth to 6 months of age and visited weekly to detect pneumonia and influenza-like illness. Baseline covariates were explored as risk factors for RSV febrile illness and RSV pneumonia or hospitalization.

Results
Incidence of RSV illness was estimated at 536.8 per 1000 person-years, and 86% (131/153) of RSV illness episodes were positive for RSV-B. RSV illness was most frequent in the fifth month of life and associated with having older mothers and with lower parity. The incidence of RSV-associated hospitalizations was 45.6 per 1000 person-years. Among infants with RSV illness, males were more likely to be hospitalized. The incidence of RSV pneumonia was 29 cases per 1000 person-years.

Conclusions
In the first 6 months of life, Malian infants have a high incidence of RSV illness, primarily caused by RSV-B. Prevention of early RSV will require passive protection via maternal immunization in pregnancy. Mali is the first country where RSV-B has been identified as the dominant subtype, with potential implications for vaccine development.
Patterns of Hepatitis C Virus Transmission in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–infected and HIV-negative Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Ramière Christophe , Charre Caroline , Miailhes Patrick , Bailly François , Radenne Sylvie , Uhres Anne-Claire , Brochier Corinne , Godinot Matthieu , Chiarello Pierre , Pradat Pierre , Cotte Laurent ,   Lyon Acute Hepatitis Study Group, Astrie Marie , Augustin-Normand Claude , François Bailly , Biron François , Boibieux André , Brochier Corinne , Braun Evelyne , Brunel Florence , Charre Caroline , Chiarello Pierre , Chidiac Christian , Cotte Laurent , Ferry Tristan , Godinot Matthieu , Guillaud Olivier , Koffi Joseph , Livrozet Jean-Michel , Makhloufi Djamila , Miailhes Patrick , Perpoint Thomas , Pradat Pierre , Radenne Sylvie , Ramière Christophe , Schlienger Isabelle , Scholtes Caroline , Schuffenecker Isabelle , Tardy Jean-Claude , Trabaud Mary-Anne , Uhres Anne-Claire 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundSexually transmitted acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections (AHIs) have been mainly described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected men who have sex with men (MSM). Cases in HIV-negative MSM are scarce. We describe the epidemic of AHI in HIV-infected and HIV-negative MSM in Lyon, France.MethodsAll cases of AHI diagnosed in MSM in Lyon University Hospital from 2014 to 2017 were included. AHI incidence was determined in HIV-infected and in preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP)–using MSM. Transmission clusters were identified by construction of phylogenetic trees based on HCV NS5B (genotype 1a/4d) or NS5A (genotype 3a) Sanger sequencing.ResultsFrom 2014 to 2017, 108 AHIs (80 first infections, 28 reinfections) were reported in 96 MSM (HIV-infected, 72; HIV-negative, 24). AHI incidence rose from 1.1/100 person-years (95 confidence interval [CI], 0.7–1.7) in 2014 to 2.4/100 person-years (95 CI, 1.1–2.6) in 2017 in HIV-infected MSM (P = .05) and from 0.3/100 person-years (95 CI, 0.06–1.0) in 2016 to 3.4/100 person-years (95 CI, 2.0–5.5) in 2017 in PrEP users (P < .001). Eleven clusters were identified. All clusters included HIV-infected MSM; 6 also included HIV-negative MSM. All clusters started with ≥1 HIV-infected MSM. Risk factor distribution varied among clusters.ConclusionsAHI incidence increased in both HIV-infected and HIV-negative MSM. Cluster analysis suggests initial transmission from HIV-infected to HIV-negative MSM through chemsex and traumatic sexual practices, leading to mixed patterns of transmission regardless of HIV status and no overlap with the general population.
Sex Discrepancies in the Protective Effect of Opioid Agonist Therapy on Incident Hepatitis C Infection
Authors: Geddes Louise , Iversen Jenny , Wand Handan , Esmaeili Aryan , Tsui Judith , Hellard Margaret , Dore Gregory , Grebely Jason , Dietze Paul , Bruneau Julie , Prins Maria , Morris Megan D , Shoukry Naglaa H , Lloyd Andrew R , Kim Arthur Y , Lauer Georg , Cox Andrea L , Page Kimberly , Maher Lisa ,   International Collaboration of Incident HIV and HCV in Injecting Cohorts (InC3) Collaborative
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
While opioid agonist therapy (OAT) reduces the risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) acquisition among people who inject drugs (PWID), protective effects may be attenuated in females. We used pooled data from an international collaboration of prospective cohorts to assess sex disparities in HCV incidence among PWID exposed to OAT.

Methods
Independent predictors of HCV infection were identified using Cox regression models with random effects after accounting for the clustering effect of study sites. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are presented in sex‐specific analyses.

Results
Among 701 participants exposed to OAT, HCV incidence was 16.5/100 person-years of observation (PYO) (95% CI, 13.1–20.7) in females and 7.6/100 PYO (95% CI, 6.0–9.5) in males (female:male adjusted HR [aHR], 1.80 [95% CI, 1.37–2.22]; P &lt; .001). Factors associated with HCV acquisition among females exposed to OAT included nonwhite race (aHR, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.25–2.56]; P = .001), unstable housing (aHR, 4.00 [95% CI, 3.62–4.41]; P &lt; .001), daily or more frequent injection (aHR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.01–2.08]; P = .042), and receptive syringe sharing (aHR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.33–1.53]; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Female PWID exposed to OAT are twice as likely as their male counterparts to acquire HCV. While there is a need for better understanding of sex differences in immune function and opioid pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, structural and behavioral interventions that target women are required to bolster the efficacy of OAT in preventing HCV transmission.
Can Australia Reach the World Health Organization Hepatitis C Elimination Goal by 2025 Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–positive Gay and Bisexual Men?
Authors: Boettiger David C , Salazar-Vizcaya Luisa , Dore Gregory J , Gray Richard T , Law Matthew G , Callander Denton , Lea Toby , Rauch Andri , Matthews Gail V 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive gay and bisexual men (GBM) in Australia are well engaged in care. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination target of an 80% reduction in incidence by 2030 may be reachable ahead of time in this population.

Methods
We predicted the effect of treatment and behavioral changes on HCV incidence among HIV-positive GBM up to 2025 using a HCV transmission model parameterized with Australian data. We assessed the impact of changes in behavior that facilitate HCV transmission in the context of different rates of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) use.

Results
HCV incidence in our model increased from 0.7 per 100 person-years in 2000 to 2.5 per 100 person-years in 2016 and had the same trajectory as previously reported clinical data. If the proportion of eligible (HCV RNA positive) patients using DAAs stays at 65% per year between 2016 and 2025, with high-risk sexual behavior and injecting drug use remaining at current levels, HCV incidence would drop to 0.4 per 100 person-years (85% decline from 2016). In the same treatment scenario but with substantial increases in risk behavior, HCV incidence would drop to 0.6 per 100 person-years (76% decline). If the proportion of eligible patients using DAAs dropped from 65% per year in 2016 to 20% per year in 2025 and risk behavior did not change, HCV incidence would drop to 0.7 per 100 person-years (70% reduction).

Conclusions
Reaching the WHO HCV elimination target by 2025 among HIV-positive GBM in Australia is achievable.
Cardiovascular disease burden from ambient air pollution in Europe reassessed using novel hazard ratio functions
Authors: Lelieveld Jos , Klingmüller Klaus , Pozzer Andrea , Pöschl Ulrich , Fnais Mohammed , Daiber Andreas , Münzel Thomas 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Aims
Ambient air pollution is a major health risk, leading to respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. A recent Global Exposure Mortality Model, based on an unmatched number of cohort studies in many countries, provides new hazard ratio functions, calling for re-evaluation of the disease burden. Accordingly, we estimated excess cardiovascular mortality attributed to air pollution in Europe.

Methods and results
The new hazard ratio functions have been combined with ambient air pollution exposure data to estimate the impacts in Europe and the 28 countries of the European Union (EU-28). The annual excess mortality rate from ambient air pollution in Europe is 790 000 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 645 000–934 000], and 659 000 (95% CI 537 000–775 000) in the EU-28. Between 40% and 80% are due to cardiovascular events, which dominate health outcomes. The upper limit includes events attributed to other non-communicable diseases, which are currently not specified. These estimates exceed recent analyses, such as the Global Burden of Disease for 2015, by more than a factor of two. We estimate that air pollution reduces the mean life expectancy in Europe by about 2.2 years with an annual, attributable per capita mortality rate in Europe of 133/100 000 per year.

Conclusion
We provide new data based on novel hazard ratio functions suggesting that the health impacts attributable to ambient air pollution in Europe are substantially higher than previously assumed, though subject to considerable uncertainty. Our results imply that replacing fossil fuels by clean, renewable energy sources could substantially reduce the loss of life expectancy from air pollution.
The Linkage Between Aging, Migration, and Resilience: Resilience in the Life of Older Turkish and Moroccan Immigrants
Authors: Klokgieters Silvia S , van Tilburg Theo G , Deeg Dorly J H , Huisman Martijn 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Older immigrants are affected by an accumulation of adversities related to migration and aging. This study investigates resilience in older immigrants by examining the resources they use to deal with these adversities in the course of their lives.

Methods
Data from 23 life-story interviews with Turkish and Moroccan immigrants aged 60–69 years living in the Netherlands.

Results
The circumstances under which individuals foster resilience coincide with four postmigration life stages: settling into the host society, maintaining settlement, restructuring life postretirement, and increasing dependency. Resources that promote resilience include education in the country of origin, dealing with language barriers, having two incomes, making life meaningful, strong social and community networks, and the ability to sustain a transnational lifestyle traveling back and forth to the country of origin. More resilient individuals invest in actively improving their life conditions and are good at accepting conditions that cannot be changed.

Discussion
The study illustrates a link between conditions across life stages, migration, and resilience. Resilient immigrants are better able to accumulate financial and social and other resources across life stages, whereas less resilient immigrants lose access to resources in different life stages.