bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing amylose content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using a novel Wx‐D1 null allele generated by chemical mutagenesis
Authors: Chen Xiaolei , Shao Yongchun , Jiang Yi , Seung David , Guzmán Carlos , Xu Qiang , Zhang Yazhou , Chen Qian , Tang Huaping , Qi Pengfei , Deng Mei , Ma Jian , Chen Guoyue , Wang Jirui , Wei Yuming , Zheng Youliang , Jiang Qiantao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmylose has a major influence over starch properties and end‐use quality in wheat. The granule‐bound starch synthase I, encoded by Wx‐1, is the single enzyme responsible for amylose synthesis. Natural null mutants of Wx‐1 appear at extremely low frequencies, particularly in the Wx‐D1 locus, where only four spontaneous null variants have been identified, with different geographic origins. The current study identified an induced Wx‐D1 null mutant (M4‐9484) from the M4 generation of an ethyl methanesulfonate‐mutagenized population of wheat cv. ‘SM126’.RESULTSThe sequencing showed that the complete Wx‐D1 ORF sequences of ‘SM126’ and M4‐9484 were 2862 bp long and that there was one SNP mutation between them. The mutation was located at the RNA splice site within the junction of exon 8 and intron 8, which led to abnormal transcription of Wx‐D1, with five different aberrant transcripts being identified in the mutant. The Wx‐D1 null allele resulted in amylose and total starch content being decreased in M4‐9484 in comparison with the wild‐type ‘SM126’, with higher swelling capacity and being fully pasted at higher temperatures than the wild‐type parent.CONCLUSIONThe mutation of the Wx‐D1 null gene affects the formation of amylose directly, resulting in significantly altered starch properties. This discovery offers valuable insights for enhancing wheat starch quality and contributes to the diversification of starch characteristics. It also deepens our understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying amylose synthesis, thereby supporting breeding programs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Formation of advanced glycation end products in glucose–amino acid models of Maillard reaction under dry‐ and wet‐heating conditions
Authors: Zhang Chen‐Yang , Guo Yu‐Rong , Hou Tian‐Yu , Ning Qian‐Ru , Han Wan‐Yu , Zhao Xing‐Yun , Cui Feng , Li He 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdvanced glycation end products (AGEs) are compounds formed by non‐enzymatic processes in the Maillard reaction and can cause various chronic diseases. This study explores the AGE formation process in a glucose–amino acid system under both wet‐ and dry‐heating conditions, and analyzes the effect of cysteine in AGE formation.RESULTSUnder wet‐heating conditions, Nε‐carboxymethyllysine (CML) and Nε‐carboxyethyllysine (CEL) concentrations rose for the initial 90 min and subsequently declined after 120 min; after 90 min of heating, the maximum yields in the absence of cysteine were 1151.04 ± 14.01 and 3386.90 ± 26.55 ng mL−1, respectively. The concentration of pyrraline (Pyr) increased after 30 min and then decreased after 60 min with a maximum yield of 777.68 ± 23.36 ng mL−1. However, in dry‐heating models, the AGE concentrations consistently increased with increasing heating time; the maximum yields for CML, CEL and Pyr were 468.66 ± 10.96, 1993.57 ± 14.81 and 1085.74 ± 58.06 ng mL−1, respectively. The addition of cysteine showed an inhibitory effect on AGE formation, especially for Pyr in the dry‐heating model, with inhibition rates ranging from 17.14% to 95.60%.CONCLUSIONAlthough wet‐heating models produced more CML and CEL, they produced less Pyr than dry‐heating models. The AGE formation in wet‐heating models positively correlated with the reaction rate; however, the dry‐heating reaction demonstrated a more complex relationship between reaction rate and reaction protocol. Moreover, cysteine exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on AGE production, and the degree of inhibition was proportional to the cysteine concentration. This study provides important insights into the mechanisms for AGE formation under various heating conditions, such as those representing baking (dry‐heating) and steaming conditions (wet‐heating). © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Contemporary role of the plastic and reconstructive surgeon in the outcome of female peripelvic defects after oncologic extirpation
Authors: Shin Ashley , Elmorsi Rami , Nguyen Chris M. , Baumann Donald , Adelman David M. , Chang George J. , Skibber John , Roubaud Margaret S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundReconstruction of female oncologic peripelvic defects is challenging due to complex anatomy, neoadjuvant chemoradiation, operative resection margins, and wound healing risks. Functional restoration requires thoughtful management focused on defect reconstruction and patient‐reported outcomes.MethodsA retrospective chart review of peripelvic reconstruction in female patients at MD Anderson Cancer Center from 2016 to 2023. Data collected included the patient's comorbidities, tumor characteristics, and reconstructive details. Complications were classified as nonoperative or operative within 30 days. Patient outcomes included hernia rates, sexual activity, and revision needs.ResultsIn the study period, 164 patients underwent peripelvic defect reconstruction. Most had colorectal (57%), anal (17%), or gynecologic malignancies (10%). 83% had prior radiation. 33.3% had Class II or III obesity. The most common resection was open colorectal resection with partial vaginectomy (66%). Pedicled flaps (93%) were frequently used, mainly vertical rectus abdominis muscle (65%) and gracilis (11%). For multi‐visceral resections, abdominal‐based flaps were used in 95% of open cases and thigh‐based flaps in 88.9% of robotic cases. 51% had formal abdominal wall repair. Complications occurred in 47%, with 9.1% needing surgery. Postoperative hernias were reported in 4.9%, with 3% requiring repair. Approximately 11% reported being sexually active at the last follow‐up. Of those instructed on vaginal dilator therapy (42%), 24.6% were sexually active.ConclusionPeri‐pelvic soft tissue reconstruction in the oncologic population is safe. Operative complications and hernia rates are low. In robotic surgery, thigh‐based flaps are increasingly used to reconstruct the peripelvic region. Return to sexual activity is higher in patients when given dilator therapy instruction.
Molecular Classification of Endometrial Cancers Using an Integrative DNA Sequencing Panel
Authors: Kim Soyoun R. , Oldfield Leslie , Kim Raymond H. , Espin‐Garcia Osvaldo , Han Kathy , Vicus Danielle , Eiriksson Lua , Tone Alicia , Pollett Aaron , Cesari Matthew , Clarke Blaise , Bernardini Marcus Q. , Pugh Trevor J. , Ferguson Sarah E. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesAdoption of molecular classification in endometrial cancer (EC) into clinical practice remains challenging due to complexity in coordination of multiple assays. We aimed to develop a simple molecular technique to classify ECs into four subgroups using our custom‐designed targeted sequencing panel.MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed ECs were prospectively recruited from three cancer centres in Ontario, Canada. Using our panel, 181 ECs were sequenced. Variants were analysed for pathogenicity and clinicopathologic information was collected through medical records retrospectively.ResultsOf 181, 86 (48%) were mismatch repair deficient (MMRd), of which 62 (72%) harboured MLH1 promoter methylation and 24 (28%) had pathogenic variants in MMR genes. Of single classifiers, three (1.8%) had pathogenic POLE (POLEmut), 15 (9%) had TP53 mutations (p53abn) and 61 (37%) had no specific molecular profile subtype (NSMP). Sixteen (9%) had more than one molecular classifying feature, with eight (4%) MMRd‐p53abn, six (3%) POLEmut‐MMRd, one (0.5%) POLEmut‐MMRd‐p53abn and one (0.5%) POLEmut‐p53abn. When MMRd group was further subclassified according to mechanism of MMR loss, MLH1 promoter methylated group had worse outcomes than those with somatic MMR pathogenic variants.ConclusionsOur panel can classify ECs into four subgroups through a simplified process and can be implemented reflexively in clinical practice.
Thrombin Immobilized on Magnetic Core‐Shell Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Screening of the Enzyme Inhibitors From Notopterygium Incisum
Authors: Chang Qiang , He Kehang , Hu Yikao , Liu Yiming , Liao Xun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThrombin was immobilized on magnetic core‐shell mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Fe3O4@nSiO2@mSiO2) for the first time and used to screen enzyme inhibitors from extracts of Notopterygium incisum. The immobilized thrombin was characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electronic microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The results demonstrated that the immobilized thrombin possessed good thermal stability and high‐temperature resistance for feasible storage and reuse. Two ligands, notopterol (1) and isoimperatorin (2) were fished out from the extract of N. incisum using the immobilized thrombin. They inhibited thrombin with IC50 values of 59.35 ± 1.420 and 107.8 ± 1.660 µM, respectively. This is the first report of thrombin‐inhibitory activity associated with notopterol and isoimperatorin. Meanwhile, the inhibition mechanism of both compounds was investigated by enzyme kinetic analysis and molecular docking. The method used enables rapid screening for thrombin inhibitors from medicinal plants, providing an efficient tool for the discovery of anti‐thrombotic active compounds.
Effect of neuromuscular control on the shoulder function of patients with healed rotator cuff and those with retear after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair
Authors: Lee Jin Hyuck , Park Ji Soon , Jeong Woong Kyo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeTo compare functional outcomes such as muscle strength, neuromuscular control and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) between patients with healed rotator cuffs and those with retears after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR).MethodsOne hundred and nine patients who underwent arthroscopic RCR were included (85 in the healed group, 24 in the retear group). Shoulder muscle strength and neuromuscular control index (acceleration time [AT]) were evaluated using an isokinetic device. PROs were assessed using the pain visual analogue scale (VAS), Simple Shoulder Test (SST), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) scores. Continuous variables were compared using independent t tests. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the influence of the predictor variables on the dependent variable.ResultsThe muscle strength and ATs for external rotators (ERs), internal rotators (IRs) and forward flexors as well as PROs including VAS, SST and ASES scores, were not significantly different between the two groups pre‐ and postoperatively (n.s.). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that postoperative ATs for the IRs (p = 0.006) and ERs (p = 0.028) in the operated shoulders were closely associated with the postoperative UCLA score.ConclusionsCompared with the healed group after arthroscopic RCR, the retear group had no clinically relevant differences in muscle strength, ATs and PROs, including VAS, SST, ASES and UCLA scores. However, postoperative ATs for IRs and ERs in the operated shoulders were a significant predictor of postoperative UCLA scores. Therefore, clinicians and therapists need to be aware of the importance of neuromuscular control in patients who have undergone arthroscopic RCR and prioritize therapeutic exercises to restore neuromuscular control.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Steering Nonlinear Chiral Valley Photons Through Optical Orbit–Orbit Coupling
Authors: Lin Hai , Zhang Guanyu , Xue Guodong , Xie Weichao , Zhu Wenguo , Liu Kaihui , Pan Zuojian , Gong Qihuang , Lyu Guowei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides feature a direct tunable bandgap and robust spin‐valley coupling, offering an additional valley degree of freedom for information carriers. While optical spin‐orbit coupling has traditionally facilitated valley manipulation, on‐chip control of nonlinear valley photons remains elusive. Here, the directional coupling of nonlinear chiral valley photons through optical orbit‐orbit coupling in monolayer tungsten disulfide at room temperature is demonstrated. The chirality of nonlinear valley photons is governed by the spin angular momentum of the pump light, adhering to nonlinear selection rules. Importantly, the coupling direction is controlled by the orbital angular momentum of the pump light, facilitated by the orbital momentum flux. This approach not only provides a novel method for manipulating the valley degree of freedom but also enhances the flexibility of directing valley photon emission and on‐chip routing. These developments hold promising prospects for advanced valley optoelectronic devices.
Copolymer Randomization by End‐Group Interchain Exchange Reactions
Authors: Kudryavtsev Yaroslav V. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTheoretical analysis of the kinetic scheme describing formation and randomization of a binary copolymer due to end‐group interchange reactions is presented. Compact analytical expressions are obtained for the transient and equilibrium values of the copolymer degree of blockiness and fractions of active end‐groups of different types. The resulting copolymer is described by the first‐order Markov statistics, which can be rather far from the Bernoullian one. Its structure is determined by the composition of the system and a single combination of the rate constants of four elementary reactions. The kinetics includes fast and slow stages with characteristic time periods independent of and proportional to the average polymerization degree, respectively. During the fast stage, the initial polymers disappear, whereas the copolymer degree of blockiness is still very low. The distribution of units in the copolymer is Markovian, only if the initial polymers possess the most probable molar mass distributions. At the slow stage copolymer randomization gradually progresses, whereas the distribution of end groups may change in the opposite direction compared to the fast stage. The results can be used to analyze the experimental data on the chain structure of condensation, metathesis, and dynamic covalent polymers, where interchange reactions play a significant role.
ZNF480 Accelerates Chemotherapy Resistance in Breast Cancer by Competing With TRIM28 and Stabilizing LSD1 to Upregulate the AKT‐GSK3β‐Snail Pathway
Authors: Ma Xiaowen , Jiang Yufeng , Zhao Hangqi , Qiu Yusong , Liu Zhijian , Zhang Xiupeng , Fan Mingwei , Zhang Yong , Zhang Yue 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTZinc finger protein 480 (ZNF480) may interact with lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), which is highly expressed in many malignant tumors; however, ZNF480 expression has not previously been investigated in breast cancer. Therefore, we explored the expression and molecular mechanisms of ZNF480 in breast cancer. According to public databases and immunohistochemical staining analysis, ZNF480 is highly expressed in the tissue of patients with breast cancer, and ZNF480 expression is positively correlated with advanced TNM stage (p = 0.036), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.012), and poor prognosis (p = 0.005). ZNF480 overexpression enhances breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and stemness by activating AKT‐GSK3β‐Snail signaling both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, ZNF480 binds to LSD1 through its KRAB domain, thereby activating AKT signaling. Mass spectrometry and co‐immunoprecipitation revealed that ZNF480 abrogates ubiquitination degradation and subsequently stabilizes LSD1 through competitive binding with TRIM28. Ipragliflozin was identified as a small‐molecule inhibitor of ZNF480 and LSD1 interaction that may block breast cancer progression. Moreover, ZNF480 expression was significantly higher in treatment‐resistant patients than in treatment‐sensitive patients. Thus, ipragliflozin may neutralize neoadjuvant chemotherapy resistance induced by ZNF480 overexpression. Overall, elevated ZNF480 expression is positively associated with poor patient outcomes. Mechanistically, ZNF480 accelerates proliferation and neoadjuvant chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer cells via the AKT‐GSK3β‐Snail pathway by interacting with and stabilizing LSD1 in a competitive manner within TRIM28. This research has implications for developing targeted drugs against chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer.
CD137 Protein Expression Pattern Determines the Functional Role of Galectin‐9 in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Huang Yongping , Huang Xue , Zhu Zhengming , Wulamu Wubulikasimu , Huang Kai , Tang Dejun , Yu Jinlong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe rapid advancement of single‐cell sequencing technology has generated extensive data, providing critical resources for colorectal cancer (CRC) research. This study conducts a detailed analysis of CRC single‐cell sequencing data to develop a novel clinical prognostic tool and explore potential therapeutic targets for the LGALS9 gene. Using the Scissor algorithm, we created a CRC prognostic scoring system (SDRS) based on 13 key genes, with particular focus on LGALS9 and its protein, Galectin‐9, in mice CRC model with altered CD137 expression. Our findings demonstrate that the SDRS accurately reflects clinical and pathological features of CRC patients, acting as an independent predictor of outcomes. LGALS9 expression is generally reduced in CRC tissues and is associated with poorer prognosis. We also observed a strong positive correlation between LGALS9 and CD137 expression, with CD137 showing significant variability in CRC tissues. In mouse models with CD137 overexpression, Galectin‐9 treatment led to notable antitumor effects and increased infiltration of activated T cells. In contrast, in CD137‐deficient models, Galectin‐9 promoted tumor growth with limited T cell presence. These results suggest that the role of LGALS9 in CRC may depend on CD137 expression, highlighting the potential of LGALS9 as a therapeutic target. CD137 levels may serve as a key indicator for predicting the effectiveness of this treatment strategy.
Structural Elucidation and Complete NMR Spectral Assignments of Monascus Monacolin Analogs
Authors: Liu Jiachen , Xu Qingjiang , Wang Xin , Pan Ronghua , Zheng Lizhong , Zhang Yonghong , Shang Xiaoya , Wang Nan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOne new monacolin analog, monacolin V (1), together with two new monacolin‐like natural products, 6‐hydroxyl monacolin P (2) and 3‐keto monacolin S (3), were isolated from the ethyl acetate portion of red yeast rice ethanol extract. Their structures were identified by HRESIMS and NMR experiments, and the complete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR data for three compounds were obtained by the aid of HSQC, HMBC, 1H‐1H COSY, and NOESY data. This is the first time that the NMR data of compounds 2 and 3 have been fully assigned.
Regional variations in hyperpolarized 129Xe lung MRI: Insights from CSI‐CSSR and CSSR in healthy and irradiated rat models
Authors: Ruppert Kai , Loza Luis , Hamedani Hooman , Ismail Mostafa , Chen Jiawei , Duncan Ian F. , Profka Harrilla , Kadlecek Stephen , Rizi Rahim R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeTo compare pulmonary function metrics obtained with hyperpolarized xenon‐129 (HXe) MRS, using chemical shift saturation recovery (CSSR) and CSI‐CSSR, in healthy rats and a rat model of radiation‐induced lung injury.MethodsHXe‐MR data were acquired in two healthy rats and one rat with radiation‐induced lung injury using whole‐lung spectroscopy and CSI‐CSSR techniques. The CSI‐CSSR acquisitions were performed with both fixed TE and variable TE. Apparent alveolar septal wall thickness, gas transfer dynamics, and regional lung function were quantified and compared across acquisition methods. Spectral analysis included alignment of dissolved‐phase frequency spectra using the membrane resonance as reference, segmentation of gas‐phase (GP) frequency distribution, and characterization of gas uptake in the vasculature.ResultsComplex GP line shapes were observed in rat lungs, necessitating pixel‐wise CSI analysis and membrane resonance alignment for improved quantification. Notable differences in alveolar septal wall thickness, dissolved‐phase GP ratios, and GP and red blood cell frequencies were found between acquisition techniques and lung conditions. CSI‐CSSR provided unique insights into regional lung function, including the identification of distinct GP frequency zones potentially corresponding to different airway structures, and the ability to map relative xenon gas transport. Metrics from fixed‐TE and variable‐TE acquisitions usually differed by less than 10%, but the latter yielded a 20% SNR gain.ConclusionHXe‐MRS and CSI‐CSSR techniques provide similar but not universally interchangeable insights into lung function, particularly in the presence of pathology.
How Do Surgical Interventions for Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Impact Quality of Life?
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Berto Fernanda Gabrigna , Welk Blayne 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveAdult patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) often have urinary symptoms that impact their quality of life (QOL). Our objective is to identify and summarize studies evaluating QOL changes across different NLUTD surgical interventions.MethodsA systematic rapid evidence review was carried using EMBASE and MEDLINE. We included adult patients (> 18 years old) with NLUTD who underwent a relevant surgery and had a measurement of QOL. We included pre‐post study designs (primary focus) and cross‐sectional studies (secondary focus). Studies were reviewed and data extracted by multiple assessors. Standardized data extraction tables were used, and qualitative synthesis was performed.ResultsOf the 1074 screened articles 26 were included. There were 3/15 studies that evaluated reconstructive surgery (augmentation and/or catheterisable channel) pre‐post intervention (n = 94 patients); there was a 7%–28% relative improvement in bladder related and overall QOL using validated questionnaires, and a large magnitude of improvement in studies using unvalidated questionnaires. There were 3/7 studies that looked at urinary diversion pre‐post intervention (n = 153 patients) and showed an approximately 20%–60% improvement in validated questionnaires assessing bladder specific quality of life, and 0%–25% improvement in overall quality of life. Finally, 3/4 studies were pre‐post stress incontinence surgeries (n = 67 patients) and they found an improvement in the ICIQ questionnaire scores and study‐specific questionnaires.ConclusionThe literature supporting a change in QOL in adult NLUTD patients undergoing surgical interventions is extremely limited due to a lack of pre‐post studies, and the frequent use of unvalidated outcome measures.