bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes, beliefs, and behavior toward shoulder injury prevention in elite handball: Fertile ground for implementation
Authors: Andersson Stig Haugsboe , Bahr Roald , Olsen Magnus Johnsen , Myklebust Grethe 
Published: July 2019

We aimed to examine attitudes, beliefs, and current behavior toward risk factors and prevention of shoulder injuries, and to investigate the application of an exercise program during a cluster‐randomized controlled trial aiming to prevent shoulder injuries in elite handball. All captains and coaches of 44 elite handball teams (22 male and 22 female) constituting the intervention (21 teams) and control arm (n = 23 teams) in the trial were invited to take part in a survey. A questionnaire, based on the Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework, addressing the end user perspective on risk factors and prevention of shoulder injuries, as well as key issues related to the application of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center (OSTRC) Shoulder Injury Prevention Programme, was distributed using electronic survey software. The response rate was 100%. Overall, the majority of coaches (84%) and captains (89%) believed that handball players are at high risk for shoulder injuries. All delivery agents in the trial reported to be familiar with the exercise program and the majority believed in a preventative effect (coaches 90% and captains 81%). Only a minority reported full compliance with the recommended frequency (coaches 29%, captains 14%), with program being too time‐consuming (coaches 67%, captains 81%) and lack of player motivation (coaches 76%, captains 62%) as the main barriers. Our results suggest that there is fertile ground for implementation of the OSTRC Shoulder Injury Prevention Programme in elite handball, with program length and lack of player motivation as the main barriers to overcome.
Yellow fever disease in a renal transplant recipient: Case report and literature review
Authors: de Sousa Marcos Vinicius , Zollner Ricardo de Lima , Stucchi Raquel Silveira Bello , Boin Ilka de Fátima Santana Ferreira , de Ataide Elaine Cristina , Mazzali Marilda 
Published: July 2019

AbstractYellow fever (YF) is a viral disease, with clinical presentation among immunosuppressed patients not fully understood. YF vaccination (YFV), a live vaccine, is contraindicated in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment due to the risk of developing the disease after vaccination. We report a case of a 50‐year‐old male recipient who presented wild‐type YF five years after a deceased donor kidney transplant. He lived in a YF endemic area and inadvertently received YFV. One day after YFV, the patient presented nausea, vomiting, fever, diarrhea, polyarthralgia, thrombocytopenia, and increased levels of liver function enzymes. The serological test was compatible with YF disease, and quantitative viral load confirmed the diagnosis of wild‐type YF. The patient received supportive care for twelve days, with hospital discharge in good clinical condition and stable renal function. One month after discharge, the patient developed de novo donor‐specific anti‐HLA antibodies (DSA) and histological evidence of endothelial lesion, with a diagnosis of acute antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR), treated with plasmapheresis and human IVIg therapy. Six months after therapy, he presented normal renal function with a reduction of DSA MFI. In the reported case, we observed a clinical wild‐type YF diagnosed even after YF vaccine administration, with good clinical outcome. De novo DSA and AMR occurred after the recovering of disease, with an adequate response to therapy and preserved allograft function. We reviewed the published literature on YF and YFV in solid organ transplantation.
Preeclampsia: a gestational cardiorenal syndrome
Authors: Gyselaers Wilfried , Thilaganathan Basky 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIt is generally accepted today that there are two different types of preeclampsia: an early‐onset or placental type and a late‐onset or maternal type. In the latent phase, the first one presents with a low output/high resistance circulation eventually leading in the late second or early third trimester to an intense and acutely aggravating systemic disorder with an important impact on maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity; the other type presents initially as a high volume/low resistance circulation, gradually evolving to a state of circulatory decompensation usually in the later stages of pregnancy, with a less severe impact on maternal and neonatal outcome. For both processes, numerous dysfunctions of the heart, kidneys, arteries, veins and interconnecting systems are reported, most of them presenting earlier and more severely in early‐ than in late‐onset preeclampsia; however, some very specific dysfunctions exist for either type. Experimental, clinical and epidemiological observations before, during and after pregnancy are consistent with gestation‐induced worsening of subclinical pre‐existing chronic cardiovascular dysfunction in early‐onset preeclampsia, and thus sharing the pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndrome type II, and with acute volume overload decompensation of the maternal circulation in late‐onset preeclampsia, thus sharing the pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndrome type 1. Cardiorenal syndrome type V is consistent with the process of preeclampsia superimposed upon clinical cardiovascular and/or renal disease, alone or as part of a systemic disorder. This review focuses on the specific differences in haemodynamic dysfunctions between the two types of preeclampsia, with special emphasis on the interorgan interactions between heart and kidneys, introducing the theoretical concept that the pathophysiological processes of preeclampsia can be regarded as the gestational manifestations of cardiorenal syndromes.image
Muscle Synergies Modify Optimization Estimates of Joint Stiffness During Walking
Authors: Shourijeh Mohammad S. , Fregly Benjamin J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Because of its simplicity, static optimization (SO) is frequently used to resolve the muscle redundancy problem (i.e., more muscles than degrees-of-freedom (DOF) in the human musculoskeletal system). However, SO minimizes antagonistic co-activation and likely joint stiffness as well, which may not be physiologically realistic since the body modulates joint stiffness during movements such as walking. Knowledge of joint stiffness is limited due to the difficulty of measuring it experimentally, leading researchers to estimate it using computational models. This study explores how imposing a synergy structure on the muscle activations estimated by optimization (termed “synergy optimization,” or SynO) affects calculated lower body joint stiffnesses during walking. By limiting the achievable muscle activations and coupling all time frames together, a synergy structure provides a potential mechanism for reducing indeterminacy and improving physiological co-activation but at the cost of a larger optimization problem. To compare joint stiffnesses produced by SynO (2–6 synergies) and SO, we used both approaches to estimate lower body muscle activations and forces for sample experimental overground walking data obtained from the first knee grand challenge competition. Both optimizations used a custom Hill-type muscle model that permitted analytic calculation of individual muscle contributions to the stiffness of spanned joints. Both approaches reproduced inverse dynamic joint moments well over the entire gait cycle, though SynO with only two synergies exhibited the largest errors. Maximum and mean joint stiffnesses for hip and knee flexion in particular decreased as the number of synergies increased from 2 to 6, with SO producing the lowest joint stiffness values. Our results suggest that SynO increases joint stiffness by increasing muscle co-activation, and furthermore, that walking with a reduced number of synergies may result in increased joint stiffness and perhaps stability.
Thermostructural Analysis of Steam Turbine in Prewarming Operation With Hot Air
Authors: Łuczyński Piotr , Toebben Dennis , Pehle Lukas , Wirsum Manfred , Mohr Wolfgang F. D. , Helbig Klaus 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn pursuit of flexibility improvements and extension of lifetime, a concept to prewarm steam turbines using hot air was developed. In order to further optimize the prewarming operation, an extensive numerical investigation is conducted to determine the time-dependent temperature and stress fields. In this work, the transient thermal and structural analyses of an IP 19-stage steam turbine in prewarming operation with hot air are presented. Based on the previous investigations, a hybrid finite element method (HFEM—numerical finite element method (FEM) and analytical) approach especially developed for this purpose is applied to efficiently calculate the solid body temperatures of a steam turbine in predefined prewarming scenarios. The HFEM model utilizes the Nusselt number correlations to describe the heat transfer between the hot air and the turbine components in the flow channel. These correlations were developed based on unsteady conjugate heat transfer (CHT) simulations of multistage turbine models. In addition, most of the thermal energy in turbine prewarming operation is transferred through vanes and blades. Therefore, the HFEM approach considers the thermal contact resistance (TCR) on the surfaces between vanes/casing and blades/rotor. After the calibration of the HFEM model with experimental data based on measurements of the natural cooling curve, the prewarming processes for different prewarming scenarios are simulated. Subsequently, the obtained temperature fields are imported to an FEM model in order to conduct a structural analysis, which, among other variables, includes the values and locations of highest stresses and displacements.
Tube Material Properties Determination and Final Forming Pressure Calculation of Hydraulic Formed Corrugated Tubes
Authors: Song Xinyi , Hui Hu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this article, a test method to determine the tube material properties and two methods to calculate the final hydraulic forming pressure of corrugated tubes are presented based on the plastic incremental theory. Numerical simulation and hydroforming experiment are carried out to demonstrate the reasonability of these methods. Simulation results show that tube force state during corrugated tube hydroforming is similar to that during tube local free hydraulic bulge. By comparison of final forming pressure, respectively, obtained from calculation, and hydroforming experiment, all of these methods are proved reasonable. Numerical simulation results also indicate that the two calculation methods still retain accuracy under different transition filet radius, although transition filets are ignored in calculation of final hydraulic forming pressure calculation.
An Analytical Method to Predict Dynamic Response of Cylindrical Composite Shells Subjected to Internal Blast Loading
Authors: Sun Qi , Dong Qi , Yang Sha 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The dynamic response of composite explosion containment vessels has been widely reported by experimental observations. In this study, we propose an analytical method to predict the dynamic response of open-ended cylindrical composite shells subjected to internal blast loading. The cylindrical composite shell has an out fiber composite shell with an inner steel liner, in which the outer fiber composite shell is simplified as a single elastic layer by an effective modulus in the hoop direction. Considering the impact between two layers during the dynamic response, the analytical solution for response histories of two layers could be obtained. Finite element analysis on the double-layer model is also conducted by ls-dyna. The analytical solution and the simulation result agree well, which demonstrates that the current analytical method can be employed in the design of this composite structure under blast loading.
Underground Mine Refuge Alternatives Heat Mitigation
Authors: Yan Lincan , Yantek David , Lutz Timothy , Yonkey Jeffrey , Srednicki Justin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In case of an emergency in an underground coal mine, miners who fail to escape from the mine can enter a refuge alternative (RA) for protection from adverse conditions, such as high carbon monoxide levels. One of the main concerns with the use of both portable and built-in-place (BIP) RAs, especially for hot or deep mines, is the interior temperature rise due to the occupants' metabolic heat and the heat released by devices such as the carbon dioxide (CO2) scrubbing system. The humidity within the RA will also increase through occupants' respiration and perspiration and from the chemical reaction within the CO2 scrubbing system. Heat and humidity buildup can subject the occupants to hazardous thermal conditions. To protect RA occupants, Mine Safety and Health Administration regulations mandate a maximum apparent temperature of 95 °F within an occupied RA. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) tested both an air-conditioned borehole air supply (BAS) and a cryogenic air supply for RAs in the NIOSH Experimental Mine in Bruceton, PA. The BAS was tested on a 60-person BIP RA, while the cryogenic air supply was tested on a 30-person BIP RA and a portable 23-person tent-type RA. Multiple tests were conducted with both air supplies to assess their ability to cool RAs. The test results show that the BAS and the cryogenic air supply were able to maintain the apparent temperature within the tested RAs under the 95 °F limit. The BAS and the cryogenic air supply are potential RA heat mitigation strategies that mines could use to prevent heat/humidity buildup within RAs.
Investigation of the Liquid–Vapor Separator Efficiency on the Performance of the Ejector Used as an Expansion Device in the Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle
Authors: Atmaca Ayşe Uğurcan , Erek Aytunç , Ekren Orhan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Ejector expansion refrigeration cycle with reference to the constant pressure mixing theory is investigated to display the effects of the liquid–vapor separator efficiency on the performance, entrainment ratio, and area ratio at various operation conditions. Reversible ejector assumption is used for the highest theoretical performance limit, whereas efficiency of the liquid–vapor separator and all ejector components is added to the model to calculate more realistic performance improvement potentials. R1234yf and R1234ze(E) having low global warming potential values are used in the analyses. Zero-dimensional thermodynamic models are constructed applying the conservation equations between the inlets and outlets of the refrigeration cycle and ejector components. Percentage performance decrease is higher when the mixing section and the separator efficiency is added to the model at higher condenser temperatures compared with the lower evaporator temperatures according to the investigated operation ranges. Vapor and liquid separation efficiency affects not only the performance but also the design of the ejector although it is an external component since it has influence on the area ratio and entrainment ratio. Finally, the difference between the percentage performance improvement of the reversible ejector cycle and the realistic ejector cycle including the separator and ejector components efficiencies is as high as 35% at the highest investigated condenser temperature for R1234yf.
Is Small Bore Tubing Systems an Achilles’ Heel of Asset Integrity? An In-Depth Analysis Through Case Studies
Authors: Chauhan Pradeep K. , Nanduri Kusakumar 
Published: July 2019

Small bore connecting (SBC) systems, including small bore piping (SBP), Small bore tubing (SBT) and Flexible Hose Assemblies (FHA) with size below DN 2″, are significant contributor to the incidences of Loss of Primary Containment (LOPC) and are a major source of failures in piping systems.
Modern hydrocarbon installations feature large numbers of control and monitoring instruments, which require a considerable application of SBT assemblies, along with enormous number of threaded fittings and joints. However, the basic expectations from these SBTs will remain to provide the integrity over the entire life cycle of the installation.
One of the estimates from standard database (Courtesy: Energy Institute Guidelines, year 2013) indicate that 20.4 % of all hydrocarbon leaks recorded in the Hydrocarbon Release (HCR) data were related to SBTs. Of these events, over half were classified as major or significant HCRs events (notionally an amount greater than 1 kg) linked to SBT assemblies.
With complexity and extensive applications, SBT assemblies are vulnerable to failure due to incorrect design, selection, installation, operation, modification, inspection & maintenance and could result into events of LOPC and Major Accident Hazards (MAH).
Despite availability of guidelines for design and installation, failures in SBT assemblies continue to occur in operational phase. Lack of formal procedures, inconsistent controls to manage the biggest contributors to HCR on assets, signifies the requirement of a structured approach to achieve Asset Integrity. Then there arise a question “is small bore connection systems an Achilles heel of Asset integrity?
This paper covers, an in-depth analysis of few LOPC events, of geographically different installations, related to SBTs with an aim to achieve overall Asset Integrity through
a. Verification of availability of sufficient barriers, between safe operation & incident.
b. Effective management of threaded connections in existing SBT assemblies with respect to relevant ASME standards.
c. Practical guidelines for providing preventive and recovery controls barriers for an effective management of SBTs.
Amazonian Mesoproterozoic basement in the core of the Ibero-Armorican Arc: 40Ar/39Ar detrital mica ages complement the zircon's tale
Authors: Gutiérrez-Alonso G. , Fernández-Suárez J. , Collins Alan S. , Abad I. , Nieto F. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The 40Ar/39Ar age data on single detrital muscovite grains complement U-Pb zircon ages in provenance studies, as micas are mostly derived from proximal sources and record low-temperature processes. Ediacaran and Cambrian sedimentary rocks from northwest Iberia contain unmetamorphosed detrital micas whose 40Ar/39Ar age spectra suggest an Amazonian–Middle American provenance. The Ediacaran sample contained only Neoproterozoic micas (590–783 Ma), whereas the Cambrian sample contained three age groups: Neoproterozoic (550–640 Ma, Avalonian–Cadomian–Pan African), Mesoproterozoic- Neoproterozoic boundary (ca. 920–1060 Ma, Grenvillian-Sunsas), and late Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1580–1780 Ma, Rio Negro). Comparison of 40Ar/39Ar muscovite ages with published detrital zircon age data from the same formations supports the hypothesis that the Neoproterozoic basins of northwest Iberia were located in a peri-Amazonian realm, where the sedimentary input was dominated by local periarc sources. Tectonic slivering and strike-slip transport along the northern Gondwanan margin affected both the basins and fragments of basement that were transferred from Amazonian to northern African realms during the latest Neoproterozoic–earliest Cambrian. Exhumation and erosion of these basement sources caused shedding of detritus to the Cambrian basins, in addition to detritus sourced in the continental mainland. The apparent dominance of Rio Negro–aged micas in the Cambrian sandstone suggests the presence of unexposed basement of that age beneath the core of the Ibero-Armorican Arc.
L2-regularity result for solutions of backward doubly stochastic differential equations
Authors: Bachouch Achref , Matoussi Anis 
Published: July 2019

We prove an [Formula: see text]-regularity result for the solutions of Forward Backward doubly stochastic differential equations (F-BDSDEs) under globally Lipschitz continuous assumptions on the coefficients. As an application of our result, we derive the rate of convergence in time for the (Euler time discretization-based) numerical scheme for F-BDSDEs proposed by Bachouch et al. (2016) under only globally Lipschitz continuous assumptions.
Cutting the wait for CS advice
Authors: Guzdial Mark 
Published: July 2019

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Mark Guzdial suggests ways to cut the long lines for college students seeking to meet with their computer science advisors.
Faster Carry Bit Computation for Adder Circuits with Prescribed Arrival Times
Authors: Brenner Ulrich , Hermann Anna 
Published: July 2019

We consider the fundamental problem of constructing fast circuits for the carry bit computation in binary addition. Up to a small additive constant, the carry bit computation reduces to computing an A
nd
-O
r
path, i.e., a formula of type
t
0
∧ (
t
1
∨ (
t
2
∧ (…
t

m
−1

) …) or
t
0
∨ (
t
1
∧ (
t
2
∨ (…
t

m
−1

) …). We present an algorithm that computes the fastest known Boolean circuit for an A
nd
-O
r
path with given arrival times
a
(
t
0
), …,
a
(
t

m
−1

) for the input signals. Our objective function is delay, a natural generalization of depth with respect to arrival times. The maximum delay of the circuit we compute is log
2
W
+ log
2
log
2
m
+ log
2
log
2
log
2
m
+ 4.3, where
W
:= ∑

i
= 0

m
−1

2

a
(
t

i

)

. Note that ⌈ log
2
W
⌉ is a lower bound on the delay of any circuit depending on inputs
t
0
, …,
t

m
−1

with prescribed arrival times. Our method yields the fastest circuits for A
nd
-O
r
paths, carry bit computation, and adders in terms of delay known so far.