bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The c − d conjecture
Authors: Latorre José I , Sierra Germán 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We conjecture a relation between the local dimension d of a local nearest-neighbor critical Hamiltonian in one spatial dimension and the maximum central charge, c
max, that it can yield. Specifically, we propose that

c

max

⩽
d
−
1

, establishing a link between the short-distance lattice realization of a model and its emerging long-distance entanglement properties. This inequality can be viewed as a general form of a c-theorem establishing the reduction of effective degrees of freedom between the UV lattice and the IR conformal field theory. We support this conjecture with numerous examples.
Determining the issues associated with the urban centre: A case of Jalandhar city
Authors: Nainwal Rajat , Bharmoria Rahul , Belwal Himani 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Urban centers often serve as the centers of economic, social, and cultural activity within a region, playing a pivotal role in its development and growth. However, with this centralization comes a myriad of challenges, ranging from infrastructure strains to socio-economic disparities. Jalandhar city, situated in the Indian state of Punjab, exemplifies this complexity as it grapples with various issues associated with its centre. Rapid urbanization and population growth have resulted in increased pressure on transportation networks, utilities, and public services. This paper aims to delve into the multifaceted challenges facing Jalandhar’s city centre, shedding light on the intricacies of urban management and development in the context of a rapidly evolving urban landscape. Traffic congestion, inadequate parking facilities, and overburdened utilities contribute to the deteriorating quality of life for residents and commuters alike. The major problems identified in the study area includes inadequate parking; poor road maintenance; noise and safety issues; unavailability of street lighting, pathways, and proper seating space. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive planning, infrastructure improvements, and community engagement to enhance the overall liveability and functionality of the study area.
Assessment of self-compacting lightweight concrete: preparation of eco-friendly fiber content on mechanical and durable characteristics
Authors: Chandrasekhar Reddy K. , Kumar Marri Rohini , Vinod B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In recent years, a growing focus has been on creating eco-friendly concrete alternatives, garnering increased attention and support. Using natural fibers in the construction industry will minimize the exploitation of natural raw materials and promote sustainability in the construction industry. This work aims to investigate the influence of palmyra fruit mesocarp fiber (PFMF), Polyolefin fiber (PF), and glass fiber (GF) on the production of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The fiber content was used in three ratios, 1, 1.5, and 2%, as an alternative to fine aggregate. This research was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a preliminary investigation was carried out to find the maximum adding percentage of fiber content in the successful production of SCC. The mechanical characteristics (compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength) and durability (water absorption, Acid attack, and ultrasonic pulse velocity) were evaluated. The second phase incorporates the fresh characteristics (T500 and slump flow). Adding 1.5%(PFMF/PF/GF) with 10% SF in SCC significantly enhanced the mechanical and durability properties. The compressive, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength at 28 days increase to 4.30 MPa, 120 MPa, and 4.3 MPa compared to SCC. Scanning electronic microscopic (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to evaluate the microstructure of concrete samples. Overall, the incorporation of up to 1.5% as a replacement of fine aggregate in manufacturing fiber-blended SCC mixtures can be recommended.
Development of lightweight bricks using agricultural and industrial waste
Authors: Dighade R. R. , Sakhare J. D. , Mujumdar S. S. , Bhimte L. W. , Bansod V. M. , Pachpole A. S. , Rukhamode T. Y. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The construction industry is undergoing a notable shift towards environmental sustainability, driving the innovation of construction materials that are robust, lightweight, and eco-friendly. this study delves into the formation of lightweight bricks, with a focus on their mechanical properties, thermal insulation capabilities, and environment-imperative agricultural and industrial waste material. In response to the environmental imperative to reduce reliance on clay and other raw materials in construction, this study investigates the utilization of flower waste, iron ore, chaff, and wheat husk, in the production of lightweight bricks. This alternative material offers a sustainable solution to mitigate the environmental impact of traditional brick manufacturing processes. Through a systematic evaluation of physical properties, materialistic properties, and thermal performance the study provides insights into the feasibility and efficacy of incorporating chaff and wheat husk into brick production. The findings offer practical recommendations for the development of environment-friendly construction materials contribute to the conservation of natural resources and the promotion of sustainable building practices.
Teaching Social Justice From a Social Work Perspective
Authors: Tan Kevin , Campbell Jeanna , Windsor Liliane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter highlights the significance of social justice as a core value of the social work profession and its resonance across multiple domains. It is argued that social work education needs to shift its focus from the individual to the structural aspects of social issues. This calls for social work to reconnect with its roots in community organizing and to blend clinical skills with community organizing to mobilize people and advocate for social justice within broader sociopolitical contexts. The chapter explores how to instill an understanding of social justice in students effectively and how to best prepare and equip them to actively contribute to social justice causes. It is suggested that incorporating social justice principles into the curriculum requires ongoing reflection and adaptation to ensure it remains relevant and responsive to the ever-evolving landscape of social issues.
Neuronal viability/astrocyte activity ratio in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as a biomarker of Alzheimer’s dementia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Authors: Jha Shreya , Torres-Carmona Edgardo , Iwata Yusuke , Ma Clement , Graff-Guerrero Ariel , Fischer Corinne E , Mulsant Benoit , Pollock Bruce G , Rajji Tarek K , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) and myo-inositol (mI) are neurometabolites reflecting neuronal viability and astrocyte activity, respectively. These are quantified using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and may be biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease dementia (AD). Our objectives were: 1) Compare dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) NAA and mI levels between AD and cognitively healthy control participants (HC) 2) assess if NAA/mI ratio can distinguish groups, and 3) explore the relationship between metabolites and cognition. The study included 64 participants over 55, 41 with AD. Bilateral DLPFC NAA and mI levels were quantified using 3 T 1H-MRS and normalized to H2O. NAA and NAA/mI ratio were lower in AD vs. HC. mI was unchanged. The NAA/mI ratio at a cut-off value of 1.69 showed 59% sensitivity and 87% specificity at distinguishing AD from HC. NAA was associated positively with cognition. In conclusion, DLPFC metabolite changes suggest altered mitochondrial function in AD. NAA/mI ratio shows good specificity in distinguishing AD from HC, suggesting its role in complementing other biomarkers. Future studies should evaluate NAA/mI ratio with other disease specific biomarkers.
Highly efficient transdermal delivery of rutin via microemulsions containing deep eutectic solvents composed of choline chloride-polyethylene glycol
Authors: Tanigawa Mina , Sakuragi Mina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Microemulsions (MEs) incorporating a hydrated deep eutectic solvent (hydrated DES) were prepared in the inner phase. These MEs increase the rutin solubility and skin permeability. Conventional water-in-oil (W/O) MEs maintained a spherical structure during stratum corneum (SC) penetration. Conversely, MEs containing hydrated DES transitioned from an ellipsoidal to a spherical shape after applying SC. The released DES disrupts the lipid layers in the SC, enhancing the skin permeation of MEs containing DESs compared with W/O ME.
Automated tooth segmentation in magnetic resonance scans using deep learning - A pilot study
Authors: Flügge Tabea , Vinayahalingam Shankeeth , van Nistelrooij Niels , Kellner Stefanie , Xi Tong , van Ginneken Bram , Bergé Stefaan , Heiland Max , Kernen Florian , Ludwig Ute , Odaka Kento 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The main objective was to develop and evaluate an artificial intelligence model for tooth segmentation in magnetic resonance (MR) scans.

Methods
MR scans of 20 patients performed with a commercial 64-channel head coil with a T1-weighted 3D-SPACE (Sampling Perfection with Application Optimized Contrasts using different flip angle Evolution) sequence were included. Sixteen datasets were used for model training and 4 for accuracy evaluation. Two clinicians segmented and annotated the teeth in each dataset. A segmentation model was trained using the nnU-Net framework. The manual reference tooth segmentation and the inferred tooth segmentation were superimposed and compared by computing precision, sensitivity, and Dice-Sørensen coefficient. Surface meshes were extracted from the segmentations, and the distances between points on each mesh and their closest counterparts on the other mesh were computed, of which the mean (average symmetric surface distance) and 95th percentile (Hausdorff distance 95%, HD95) were reported.

Results
The model achieved an overall precision of 0.867, a sensitivity of 0.926, a Dice-Sørensen coefficient of 0.895, and a 95% Hausdorff distance of 0.91 mm. The model predictions were less accurate for datasets containing dental restorations due to image artefacts.

Conclusions
The current study developed an automated method for tooth segmentation in MR scans with moderate to high effectiveness for scans with respectively without artefacts.
PIN1a- mediated auxin release from rootstock cotyledon contributes to healing in watermelon as revealed by seeds soaking-VIGS and cotyledon grafting
Authors: Wang Xiao , Xiong Mu , Xu Jianuo , Zhang Ting , Kadeer Akebaierjiang , Bie Zhilong , Notaguchi Michitaka , Huang Yuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Grafting is a propagation method extensively utilized in cucurbits. However, the mechanisms underlying graft healing remain poorly understood. This study employed self-grafted watermelon plants to investigate how rootstock cotyledon affects healing. The complete removal of rootstock cotyledons significantly hindered scion growth, as evidenced by reductions in scion fresh weight and the area of true leaves. Physiological assessments revealed reduced callus formation, weaker adhesion forces, a more pronounced necrotic layer, and decreased rates of xylem and phloem reconnection at the graft junction when rootstock cotyledons were completely removed. Additionally, auxin levels at the rootstock graft junction notably decreased following cotyledon removal. In contrast, the exogenous application of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) notably enhanced graft healing. Moreover, gene expression analysis of the PIN auxin efflux carriers in the rootstock cotyledons indicated significant activation of ClPIN1a post-grafting. Furthermore, we developed an improved Virus Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) system for cucurbits using seeds soaking method. This method achieved an infection success rate of 83% with 60%-75% gene silencing efficiency, compared to the 37% success rate with 40%-60% efficiency seen with traditional cotyledon infection. Combining our novel VIGS approach with cotyledon grafting techniques, we demonstrated that rootstock cotyledons regulate callus formation through ClPIN1a-mediated endogenous auxin release, thus facilitating graft union development. These findings suggest potential strategies for enhancing watermelon graft healing by manipulating rootstock cotyledons.
Ascertainment of Community Exposure Sites to Ross River Virus During the 2020 Outbreak in Brisbane, Australia
Authors: Proboste Tatiana , Bista Damber , Clark Nicholas J , Arora Sahil , Devine Gregor , Darbro Jonathan M , Malloy Deena S , Francis Daniel , Soares Magalhães Ricardo J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigated potential Ross River virus (RRV) exposure sites in Greater Brisbane during the Queensland coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown (January–July 2020). Using RRV notifications, cluster identification techniques, and mobile phone data for movement network analysis, the study examined 993 RRV cases and 9 million movement trajectories from residential RRV cluster areas (hot spots). The findings revealed that population movement was a key risk factor to RRV incidence within hot spots, whereby highly interconnected areas had more RRV cases during lockdown. While environmental conditions within RRV hot spots were less significant compared with their connectivity, areas with higher vegetation density had fewer RRV cases. The study also noted that individuals from RRV hot spots spent less time in green areas before lockdown than during and after lockdown. The results suggest that population movement significantly influenced the 2020 RRV outbreak. These insights can help adapt current vector control and surveillance protocols to target areas identified in this study.
Ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorates hippocampal neuroinflammation in rats after intracerebral hemorrhage by inactivating the TLR4/NF-kB pathway
Authors: Liu Xi , Wang Yuying , Han Ling , Li Xing , Zhong Yan , Zhou Jilin , Fei Xiyun , Peng Min , Duan Jixin , Zhong Zhijun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This work elucidated the therapeutic effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Rb1 on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods
ICH rat models were treated by ginsenoside Rb1. Modified neurological deficit score, and Y-maze and Morris water-maze tests were performed on rats. Hippocampal neuronal damage was observed by Nissl staining. Rat primary astrocytes were exposed to ginsenoside Rb1, Hemin, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TLR4/NF-kB pathway activity was appraised by Western blot. Immunofluorescence staining was for hippocampal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression and P65 protein location in hippocampus and astrocytes.

Results
In rats after ICH, ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorated neurological impairment and hippocampal neuronal damage; improved learning and memory ability; reduced brain water content; decreasedhippocampal TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6; inactivated TLR4/NF-kB pathway; and declined hippocampal GFAP expression. In rat primary astrocytes exposed to Hemin, ginsenoside Rb1 declined TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6; inactivated TLR4/NF-kB pathway; and hindered P65 protein entry into nucleus. However, these functions of ginsenoside Rb1 on the Hemin-induced astrocytes were abolished by LPS.

Conclusion
Ginsenoside Rb1 has promising future for clinical ICH treatment, which exerts therapeutic effect on ICH by ameliorating hippocampal neuroinflammation via inactivating the TLR4/NF-kB pathway.
Prognostic factors for patients with cancer-associated dermatomyositis: a retrospective, multicentre cohort study of 73 patients
Authors: Teboul Alexandre , Allenbach Yves , Tubach Florence , Belin Lisa , Cassius Charles , Demortier Juliette , Dossier Antoine , Faucon Caroline , Kasser Camille , Mekinian Arsène , Monseau Grégoire , Fouchard Maxime , Chambrelan Estel , Viguier Manuelle , Kluger Nicolas , Mahévas Thibault , Bergeret Blanche , Bachmeyer Claude , Lenormand Cédric , Hotz Claire , Diaz Emmanuelle , Cordel Nadège , Benveniste Olivier , Bessis Didier , Bouaziz Jean-David , Chasset François 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate factors associated with DM complete clinical response and overall survival with a focus on the use of immunosuppressive therapies in patients with cancer-associated DM.

Methods
We performed a multicentre, retrospective cohort study. Multivariable survival analyses used a Cox model with time-dependent covariates and adjustments with inverse probability censoring weighting.

Results
We included 73 patients with cancer-associated DM. Median follow-up was 3.92 years. Overall, 40 (54.8%) patients achieved cancer remission, with DM complete clinical response in 28/40 (70.0%). DM complete clinical response was associated with cancer remission (hazard ratio [HR] 2.46, 95% CI [1.13–5.32]) and younger age (HR 0.68, 95% CI [0.49–0.95]). Risk of mortality was associated with sustained cancer activity (HR 12.93, 95% CI [2.42–69.25]), male sex (HR 2.82, 95% CI [1.19–6.70]), and older age (HR 1.86, 95% CI [1.26–2.79]) but not sustained DM activity (HR 0.40, 95% CI [0.13–1.26]). Oral corticosteroid use was a protective factor only on univariate analysis (HR 0.18, 95% CI [0.08–0.42]).

Conclusion
This study provides strong evidence of a significant association between the evolutions of DM and cancer, both in terms of overall survival and DM complete clinical response. Immunosuppressive treatments for DM were not significantly associated with mortality.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04637672.
Long-term effectiveness of the combination of iguratimod and alendronate in SAPHO syndrome: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Tang Wangna , Duan Hongji , Lv Xueya , Zhao Hong , Wu Lingge , Deng Xiaoli 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of the combination of Iguratimod (IGU) and Alendronate for patients with Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis and Osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted on patients diagnosed with SAPHO syndrome at Peking University Third Hospital and Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from 2017 to 2024. The initial treatment regimen comprised a combination of IGU and Alendronate. Patients who were followed up for &gt;2 years were included in our study. We collected demographic data, clinical symptoms, recurrence rates, treatment duration and overall response to therapy for all patients.

Results
Seventeen patients were recruited for our cohort, with a median (IQR) follow-up of 2.91 (2.34) years. The mean treatment duration was 39.10 months. Among patients with osteoarticular involvement (17/17), 35.30% (6/17) achieved complete improvement without any recurrence, 11.76% (2/17) showed partial improvement and 52.94% (9/17) experienced intermittent flares. For patients with skin involvement (11/17), 63.64% (7/11) achieved complete improvement, 27.27% (3/11) had partial improvement and 9.09% (1/11) experienced intermittent recurrence. Notably, 88.26% (15/17) regained complete independence and resumed work, and 94.12% (16/17) experienced alleviation of anxiety and insomnia. By the end of last follow-up, 52.94% (9/17) had ceased treatment after a mean duration of 25.22 months and 22.22% (2/9) of them encountered recurrence.

Conclusion
The combination of IGU and Alendronate as initial treatment may be effective for the long-term management of SAPHO syndrome. ∼41% of the patients could discontinue treatment after more than two years without recurrence.
Trends in Gender Representation and Impact of Practice Setting on Productivity and Reimbursement Gap for Female Mohs Micrographic Surgery Physicians: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sakunchotpanit Goranit , Trepanowski Nicole , Awerman Jessica L. , Benlagha Imene , Nguyen Bichchau 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is a male-predominant dermatologic subspecialty. The impact of practice setting and gender composition on the productivity and reimbursement of female MMS surgeons has not been thoroughly examined.

OBJECTIVE
To determine changes in female representation, productivity, and Medicare reimbursement across practice types.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services database for Medicare Part B claims during pre–COVID-19 (2013–2019) and post–COVID-19 (2019–2022) pandemic.

RESULTS
From 2013 to 2019, the number of MMS surgeons billing Medicare increased by 22% from 2,135 to 2,605, with proportion of female physicians increased by only 4% (28% to 32%, p = .012). In 2019, female MMS surgeons performed fewer total cases and earned less payments than male counterparts across all practice settings. Productivity and reimbursement gaps, as compared to national median values for male MMS surgeons, were highest for female MMS surgeons working in mixed-gender practices (39% and 39%) and lowest in single-surgeon practices (17% and 27%). All-female multisurgeon practices saw the greatest improvement in both productivity and reimbursement gaps (55% to 25% and 47% to 29%, respectively). From 2019 to 2022, case volume decreased across all practice types, reflecting a significant COVID-19 impact on MMS services.

CONCLUSION
Proportion of female MMS surgeons nationwide increased very slightly between 2013 and 2022. However, productivity and reimbursement gaps remained significant and varied across practice settings.
Can metformin be used as a treatment for unresponsive oral ulcers? A case report
Authors: Kudsi Maysoun , Tarcha Raghad , Haidar Ghina , Lahham Leen A. , Drie Tasneem 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Aphthae are common lesions that occur inside the mouth on the mucous membrane, often associated with various diseases. The causal pathogenesis generally depends on the accompanying condition, but there is usually no serious underlying cause.

Case presentation:
This case report describes a 33-year-old male patient with a 10-year history of recurrent oral ulcers and impaired glucose tolerance. The patient had previously been treated with glucocorticoids, which provided temporary relief. Laboratory tests and immune profiles were normal. After 1 week of treatment with metformin at a dose of 500 mg twice daily, the lesions were relieved, and the patient required further metformin treatment for three years without any recurrence.

Discussion:
Metformin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical studies, making it a potential treatment option for mucocutaneous manifestations. This case report highlights the clinical effectiveness of metformin in treating oral ulcers and suggests its potential as an alternative treatment option for this condition.

Conclusion:
Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of metformin in treating mucocutaneous manifestations.