bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density matrix emulation of quantum recurrent neural networks for multivariate time series prediction
Authors: Viqueira J D , Faílde D , Juane M M , Gómez A , Mera D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Quantum recurrent neural networks (QRNNs) are robust candidates for modelling and predicting future values in multivariate time series. However, the effective implementation of some QRNN models is limited by the need for mid-circuit measurements. Those increase the requirements for quantum hardware, which in the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum era does not allow reliable computations. Emulation arises as the main near-term alternative to explore the potential of QRNNs, but existing quantum emulators are not dedicated to circuits with multiple intermediate measurements. In this context, we design a specific emulation method that relies on density matrix formalism. Using a compact tensor notation, we provide the mathematical formulation of the operator-sum representation involved. This allows us to show how the present and past information from a time series is transmitted through the circuit, and how to reduce the computational cost in every time step of the emulated network. In addition, we derive the analytical gradient and the Hessian of the network outputs with respect to its trainable parameters, which are needed when the outputs have stochastic noise due to hardware errors and a finite number of circuit shots (sampling). We finally test the presented methods using a hardware-efficient ansatz and four diverse datasets that include univariate and multivariate time series, with and without sampling noise. In addition, we compare the model with other existing quantum and classical approaches. Our results show how QRNNs can be trained with numerical and analytical gradients to make accurate predictions of future values by capturing non-trivial patterns of input series with different complexities.
Affordability of healthy and water-saving dietary patterns in The Gambia
Authors: Felix Jyoti , Scheelbeek Pauline FD , Hadida Genevieve , Bose Indira , Jallow Bakary , Murray Kris A , Prentice Andrew M , Green Rosemary , Ali Zakari 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Dietary modification has the potential to improve nutritional status and reduce environmental impacts of the food system. However, for many countries, the optimal composition of locally contextualized healthy and sustainable diets is unknown. The Gambia is vulnerable to climate-change-induced future water scarcity which may affect crop yields and the ability to supply healthy diets. This study identifies potential shifts in Gambian diets that could make diets healthier and reduce the associated agricultural water footprint (WF), and assesses the cost and affordability implications of such dietary changes. Gambian Integrated Household Survey (IHS) food consumption data was combined with market prices, food expenditure and agricultural WF data. Current dietary patterns were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) dietary guidelines and optimized using linear programming to identify least-cost diets that met nutrition recommendations and reduced agricultural water use. Optimization scenarios explored the maximum reduction in green water use that could be achieved with ‘culturally-acceptable’ dietary shifts, and the magnitude of shifts required to maintain green water use at current levels. On average, current diets provide adequate energy and have appropriate macronutrient composition. However, only 14% of households consume enough fruit and vegetables (F&Vs), and consumption of added sugars exceeds recommendations. With ‘culturally-acceptable’ changes in consumption, agricultural water use could decrease by 10%–13% or increase by 9%, depending on the baseline dietary pattern. Extreme dietary shifts will be required to maintain water use at 2015 levels with projected population growth. To meet WHO recommendations, dietary costs would increase by 43% compared to the current baseline. Healthy and green water-saving diets would require 48%–63% of average household expenditure to purchase, which is unaffordable for almost half of the population. F&Vs alone account for 31%–40% of the cost of optimized diets compared to 12% of current diets. Dietary modification has the potential to improve the nutritional quality of Gambian diets while reducing agricultural water use, but the required changes are likely to be unaffordable for a large proportion of the population. Improving availability and affordability of nutritious foods—particularly F&Vs—will be crucial for the accessibility of healthy and sustainable diets in the Gambian population.
Constructing Victimhood
Authors: Lawther Cheryl 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis book seeks to go ‘beyond innocence and guilt’ to expand the criminological, victimological, and transitional justice imagination with regard to who we ‘see’ as victims, what we ‘hear’ as experiences of victimisation, and who makes these determinations. The book argues that the construction, reproduction, and politicisation of victimhood is structured not only by notions of innocence and guilt and the existence of complex victims, but by larger questions concerning the existence of hierarchies of victimhood, the exercise of voice and agency, the role of silence and the silencing of certain variants of victimhood, the presence of victimhood in the physical landscape, and the haunting impact of unresolved legacies of violent conflict. By failing to cast the transitional justice gaze more widely, this book argues that it is not only the ‘voices in the cracks’ that will be collapsed but entire experiences of victimhood and victimisation. Moreover, if transitional justice is to live up to its claims of being ‘victim-centred’, widening its conceptual and practical boundaries to recognise the multiple and overlapping variables that construct and reproduce understandings of victimhood is essential. Pursing this line of enquiry, this book aims to make a step-change in the understanding of victimhood in post-conflict and transitional contexts.
Victimhood, Silence, and Denial
Authors: Lawther Cheryl 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChapter 6 uncouples the role of silence and silencing in the construction, politicisation, and reproduction of victimhood. The starting point for this chapter is the argument that silence is both a social construction and a form of communication (Winter 2010). It is also inherently political. Privileging notions of ‘silence as dignity’, ‘silence as protection’, and ‘silence as fear’, the first part of the chapter focuses on the dynamics of silence and the existence of cultures of silence after conflict-related loss. In contrast, the second part of the chapter examines the silencing of gender-based victimhood. Through the themes of ‘Silence and the Conditions of Conflict’ and ‘Silence and the Self-Imagination’, this part of the chapter interrogates the silencing that can occur at the intersection of the specific conditions of a conflict, the operation of the state and its criminal justice system, and the self-imagination of non-state armed groups.
Moving forward from Cockcroft-Gault creatinine clearance to race-free estimated glomerular filtration rate to improve medication-related decision-making in adults across healthcare settings: A consensus of the National Kidney Foundation Workgroup for Implementation of Race-Free eGFR-Based Medication-Related Decisions
Authors: St. Peter Wendy L , Bzowyckyj Andrew S , Anderson-Haag Tracy , Awdishu Linda , Blackman Michael , Bland Andrew , Chan Ethan , Chmielewski Christine , Delgado Cynthia , Eyler Rachel , Foster Charles , Hudson Joanna , Kane-Gill Sandra L , Kliethermes Mary Ann , Le Tuan , Madabushi Rajanikanth , Martin Brianna , Miller W Greg , Neumiller Joshua J , Philbrick Ann M , Roberts Glenda , Schandorf Venita , Webb Andrew J , Wu Dennis , Nolin Thomas D ,   Written on behalf of the National Kidney Foundation Workgroup for Implementation of Race-Free eGFR-Based Medication-Related Decisions
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The goals of this paper are to (1) provide evidence and expert consensus to support a unified approach to estimating kidney filtration in adults with stable kidney function using race-free estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in place of Cockcroft-Gault estimated creatinine clearance (C-G eCrCL) for medical and medication-related decisions, and (2) demonstrate how adjusting eGFR results for an individual’s body surface area (BSA) when it is higher or lower than 1.73 m2 will improve results for medication-related decisions.

Summary
C-G eCrCL is predominantly used by US pharmacists to determine eGFR for the purposes of medication-related decisions, even though more accurate eGFR equations exist. Several driving factors make it the ideal time to shift clinical practice from using C-G eCrCL to eGFR. These factors include the following: (1) 2024 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance for industry recommends eGFR over C-G eCrCL to evaluate the impact on pharmacokinetics in patients with impaired kidney function; (2) a joint National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and American Society of Nephrology task force recommends 3 race-free Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) eGFR equations for medical and medication-related decision-making; (3) the almost ubiquitous use of standardized serum creatinine assay methods in US clinical laboratories; and (4) increasing availability and use of serum cystatin C for eGFR assessment. This publication guides practitioners through the rationale for using race-free eGFR equations for medication-related decisions and how to implement this practice change.

Conclusion
The NKF Workgroup for Implementation of Race-Free eGFR-Based Medication-Related Decisions suggests that health systems, health settings, clinical laboratories, electronic health record systems, compendia and data vendors, and healthcare practitioners involved with medication-related decision-making transition away from C-G eCrCL and towards the race-free eGFR equations for more accurate assessment of kidney filtration and consistency in medication and medical decision-making across the US.
Examining Preparedness and Onboarding for Social Work Practice in Schools
Authors: Cox Tory Lynn , Fitzgerald Terence , Alvarez Michelle 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article highlights a research study investigating how school social workers (SSWers) are prepared during their MSW programs to work in various school settings. A survey was completed by 175 SSWers at the School Social Work Association of America 2019 National Conference. The results suggest that survey participants deemed insufficient the level of school social work (SSW) preparedness received at degree-granting institutions. For example, 38 percent of respondents did not take an SSW course, 49 percent did not intern in a school setting, and 85 percent would have benefited from additional SSW courses. Further, the respondents discussed numerous areas of improvement to be addressed by SSW preparation programs and employment settings, including preparation for the political environment of schools and more intensive onboarding and mentoring in their first years of service. The evidence also points to the fortitude of SSWers to persevere in their educational settings. In response to the survey results, the study researchers organized an edited book titled The Art of Becoming Indispensable: What School Social Workers Need to Know in Their First Three Years of Practice. Limitations and implications for SSW practice are discussed as well.
Genomic prediction of heterosis, inbreeding control, and mate allocation in outbred diploid and tetraploid populations
Authors: Endelman Jeffrey B 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Breeders have long appreciated the need to balance selection for short-term genetic gain with maintaining genetic variance for long-term gain. For outbred populations, the method called optimum contribution selection (OCS) chooses parental contributions to maximize the average breeding value at a prescribed inbreeding rate. With optimum mate allocation (OMA), the contribution of each mating is optimized, which allows for specific combining ability due to dominance. To enable OCS and OMA in polyploid species, new theoretical results were derived to (1) predict midparent heterosis due to dominance and (2) control inbreeding in a population of arbitrary ploidy. A new convex optimization framework for OMA, named COMA, was developed and released as public software. Under stochastic simulation of a genomic selection program, COMA maintained a target inbreeding rate of 0.5% using either pedigree or genomic IBD (identity-by-descent) kinship. Significantly more genetic gain was realized with pedigree kinship, which is consistent with previous studies showing the selective advantage of an individual under OCS is dominated by its Mendelian sampling term. Despite the higher accuracy (+0.2–0.3) when predicting mate performance with OMA compared with OCS, there was little long-term gain advantage. The sparsity of the COMA mating design and flexibility to incorporate mating constraints offer practical incentives over OCS. In a potato breeding case study with 170 candidates, the optimal solution at 0.5% inbreeding involved 43 parents but only 43 of the 903 possible matings.
‘Ice sheet conservation’ and international discord: governing (potential) glacial geoengineering in Antarctica
Authors: Flamm Patrick , Shibata Akiho 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Should current unmitigated emissions continue, there is a growing chance of collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, one of the planetary climate tipping points at greatest risk of being crossed. Such a collapse would subject the world to an increase of several metres in average global sea-level rise over just a few centuries. In this context, there is an academic debate about the potential of supporting glacial stability through artificial infrastructures such as an undersea ‘curtain’. However, this ‘ice sheet conservation’ would come with significant yet unforeseeable technical and environmental risks. Moreover, in this debate governance risks have been either neglected or understated. We argue that the proposed infrastructures could negatively implicate the ‘peaceful purposes only’ obligation enshrined in the Antarctic Treaty. By affecting contentious areas of Antarctic geopolitics, such as authority, sovereignty and security, there is a significant risk that the project would make the Antarctic ‘the scene or object of international discord’. Even if the ice curtain idea were to be technically feasible and environmentally harmless, it would still create significant political and legal challenges for the current governance arrangements in the Antarctic.
Implementation of a rule-based algorithm to find patients eligible for cancer clinical trials
Authors: Bickell Nina A , May Benjamin , Havrylchuk Ihor , John Jimmy , Lin Sylvia , Tao Ariana , Yagnik Radhi , Tatonetti Nicholas P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
To explore implementing regular expressions (RegEx) to streamline patient identification and classification for matching to clinical trials.

Materials and Methods
To prepare approaches needed to match patients to relevant cancer clinical trials, we combined NCI’s Clinical Trials Search API to extract high-level eligibility criteria, including cancer type, stage, receptor/biomarker status, with similar data of patients with appointments in the upcoming week. Using RegEx, we prospectively identified all patients with breast, liver, or lung cancers at treatment decision points at 2 Cancer Centers’ and 2 community hospitals’, classified their cancer type, stage, and receptor/biomarker status. We evaluated accuracy using RegEx against manual reviews.

Results
Algorithm accuracy to identify patients at treatment decision points revealed 92% True Negative and 53% True Positive rate. Staging accuracy varied from 67% to 95%, and receptor/biomarker status accuracy from 76% to 86%.

Discussion and Conclusion
Using RegEx significantly reduced the number of patients requiring manual review, demonstrating a reduction in manual labor and potential biases, which can improve efficiency and inclusivity of clinical trial enrollment processes, especially in resource limited or data sensitive environments.

Trial Registration
NCT05146297
MMFP-Tableau: enabling precision mitochondrial medicine through integration, visualization, and analytics of clinical and research health system electronic data
Authors: George-Sankoh Ibrahim , MacMullen Laura E , Chinwalla Asif T , Taylor Deanne , Ganetzky Rebecca D , Stanley Katelynn , McCormick Elizabeth M , Zolkipli-Cunningham Zarazuela , Falk Marni J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
To describe a novel data integration workflow developed to automate clinical and research electronic health system data integration and harmonization from siloed sources for centralized access, visualization and analysis by clinicians and researchers in an end user-friendly customized analytic platform.

Materials and Methods
A centralized, semi-automated framework provides data provenance and user access to integrated data sources. Data models are implemented leveraging a centralized server (Alteryx) for high-level analytics including scheduling, integration, and modeling. Data are then sent to a secure Tableau instance for end-user visualization and interaction, with minimal software development required.

Results
MMFP-Tableau, named for its origin in the Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (MMFP) at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), has advanced efforts to realize precision medicine by facilitating expert clinician and researcher end-user direct access to integrated, highly robust health system datasets. This scalable data solution enables translational researchers to link subject and cohort clinical and research parameters with research samples; enhances external biopharma collaborations for clinical trial design, subject recruitment, and data tracking; accelerates retrospective clinical cohort data analysis; and improves complex data visualization for clinicians and researchers.

Discussion
MMFP-Tableau promotes complex data integration, visibility, and advanced analytic capabilities to facilitate seamless multidisciplinary research, benefitting clinical care and research in rare disease patients and cohorts.

Conclusion
The MMFP-Tableau data platform integrates multiple data sources across various siloed data platforms to transform complex data into readily accessible datasets. This approach represents a generalizable workflow concept readily adaptable to implement across diverse fields of medicine.
Inference for big data assisted by small area methods: an application on sustainable development goals sensitivity of enterprises in Italy
Authors: Schirripa Spagnolo Francesco , Bertarelli Gaia , Summa Donato , Scannapieco Monica , Pratesi Monica , Marchetti Stefano , Salvati Nicola 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, we proposed a new method for estimating the sensitivity of enterprises in Italy to the United Nation’s sustainable development goals at the provincial level using web-scraping data (a nonprobability sample) because this value is not surveyed by the Italian National Institute of Statistics. The proposed method used a probability sample to reduce the selection bias of estimates obtained from the nonprobability sample in the context of small area estimation and integrated nonprobability and probability samples using a double robust estimator that combined (i) propensity weighting to improve the representativeness of the nonprobability sample and (ii) a statistical model to predict the units that were not in the nonprobability sample. A bootstrap procedure for estimating variance was also proposed. To validate the proposed method, a Monte Carlo simulation was performed. Results showed that the proposed method allowed the correction of bias from the nonprobability sample while maintaining a good level of estimate reliability.
Innovative modeling on the effects of low-temperature stress on rice yields
Authors: Shi Yanying , Ma Haoyu , Li Tao , Guo Erjing , Zhang Tianyi , Zhang Xijuan , Yang Xianli , Wang Lizhi , Jiang Shukun , Deng Yuhan , Guan Kaixin , Li Mingzhe , Liu Zhijuan , Yang Xiaoguang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The increasing frequency and intensity of low-temperature events in temperate and cold rice production regions threatens rice yields under climate change. While process-based crop models can project climate impacts on rice yield, their accuracy under low-temperature conditions has not been well evaluated. Our 6 year chamber experiments revealed that low temperatures reduce spikelet fertility from panicle initiation to flowering, grain number per spike during panicle development, and grain weight during grain filling. We examined the algorithms of spikelet fertility response to temperature used in crop models. The results showed that simulation performance is poor for crop yields if the same function was used at different growth stages outside the booting stage. Indeed, we replaced the algorithm for the spikelet fertility parameter of the ORYZA model and developed the function of estimated grain number per spike and grain weight. After that, the algorithm with improved equations was applied to 10 rice growth models. New functions considered the harmful effects of low temperatures on rice yield at different stages. In addition, the threshold temperatures of cold tolerance were set for different rice varieties. The improved algorithm enhances the ability of the models to simulate rice yields under climate change, providing a more reliable tool for adapting rice production to future climatic challenges.
Identification of Customary International Law
Authors: Wood Michael , Sender Omri 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Customary international law remains a central source of international law and the core of the international legal system. It continues to draw the attention of lawyers, especially at a time marked by the great expansion of international law and its increasing application in domestic and international courts. Determining whether an applicable rule of customary international law exists is therefore of great practical concern – but this important legal task is not always simple or straightforward. This book serves as guidance to those seeking to determine the existence of rules of customary international law and their content. It elaborates on the methodology for the identification of rules of customary international law and examines a host of questions concerning the process and evidence involved. It does so by complementing the authoritative work of the UN International Law Commission on this topic, and by drawing upon a wealth of additional practice and writings. The book provides an overview of the Commission’s work and expands on it by addressing the nature and history of custom as a source of international law, inquiring into each of the two constituent elements of customary international law (namely, a general practice and opinio juris), explaining the value and limits of certain forms of evidence, and throwing further light on such issues as the persistent objector rule and particular customary international law. Practitioners and scholars alike will find this detailed treatment useful in seeking to determine the existence and content of any customary rule and in ensuring that arguments about customary international law are persuasive.