bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotypes of HLA, TCF7L2, and FTO as potential modifiers of the association between sweetened beverage consumption and risk of LADA and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Löfvenborg Josefin E. , Ahlqvist Emma , Alfredsson Lars , Andersson Tomas , Dorkhan Mozhgan , Groop Leif , Tuomi Tiinamaija , Wolk Alicja , Carlsson Sofia 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Sweetened beverage consumption is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and LADA. We investigated to what extent this association is mediated by BMI and whether it is modified by genotypes of HLA, TCF7L2 rs7903146, or FTO rs9939609.

Methods
Swedish case–control data including incident cases of LADA (n = 386) and T2D (n = 1253) with matched population-based controls (n = 1545) was used. We estimated adjusted ORs of diabetes (95% CI) in relation to sweetened beverage intake (per daily 200 mL serving) and genotypes. The impact of BMI was estimated using causal mediation methodology. Associations with HOMA-IR and HOMA-B were explored through linear regression.

Results
Sweetened beverage intake was associated with increased risk of LADA (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03–1.29) and T2D (OR 1.21, 1.11–1.32). BMI was estimated to mediate 17% (LADA) and 56% (T2D) of the total risk. LADA was associated with risk variants of HLA (3.44, 2.63–4.50) and TCF7L2 (1.27, 1.00–1.61) but not FTO. Only among non-carriers of high-risk HLA genotypes was sweetened beverage intake associated with risk of LADA (OR 1.32, 1.06–1.56) and HOMA-IR (beta = 0.162, p = 0.0047). T2D was associated with TCF7L2 and FTO but not HLA, and the risk conferred by sweetened beverages appeared modified by FTO (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.21–1.73 in non-carriers).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that sweetened beverages are associated with LADA and T2D partly through mediation by excess weight, but possibly also through other mechanisms including adverse effects on insulin sensitivity. These effects seem more pronounced in individuals without genetic susceptibility.
Experimental ordinary language philosophy: a cross-linguistic study of defeasible default inferences
Authors: Fischer Eugen , Engelhardt Paul E. , Horvath Joachim , Ohtani Hiroshi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper provides new tools for philosophical argument analysis and fresh empirical foundations for ‘critical’ ordinary language philosophy. Language comprehension routinely involves stereotypical inferences with contextual defeaters. J.L. Austin’sSense and Sensibiliafirst mooted the idea that contextually inappropriate stereotypical inferences from verbal case-descriptions drive some philosophical paradoxes; these engender philosophical problems that can be resolved by exposing the underlying fallacies. We build on psycholinguistic research on salience effects to explain when and why even perfectly competent speakers cannot help making stereotypical inferences which are contextually inappropriate. We analyse a classical paradox about perception (‘argument from illusion’), suggest it relies on contextually inappropriate stereotypical inferences from appearance-verbs, and show that the conditions we identified as leading to contextually inappropriate stereotypical inferences are met in formulations of the paradox. Three experiments use a forced-choice plausibility-ranking task to document the predicted inappropriate inferences, in English, German, and Japanese. The cross-linguistic study allows us to assess the wider relevance of the proposed analysis. Our findings open up new perspectives for ‘evidential’ experimental philosophy.
Design and evaluation of a&nbsp;clinical competency committee
Authors: Duitsman Marrigje E. , Fluit Cornelia R. M. G. , Van Alfen-van der Velden Janiëlle A. E.M. , De Visser Marieke , Ten Kate-Booij Marianne , Dolmans Diana H. J.M. , Jaarsma Debbie A.D. C. , De Graaf Jacqueline 
Published: January 2019

Introduction In postgraduate medical education, group decision-making has emerged as an essential tool to evaluate the clinical progress of residents. Clinical competency committees (CCCs) have been set up to ensure informed decision-making and provide feedback regarding performance of residents. Despite this important task, it remains unclear how CCCs actually function in practice and how their performance should be evaluated.
Methods In the prototyping phase of a design-based approach, a CCC meeting was developed, using three theoretical design principles: (1) data from multiple assessment tools and multiple perspectives, (2) a shared mental model and (3) structured discussions. The meetings were held in a university children’s hospital and evaluated using observations, interviews with CCC members and an open-ended questionnaire among residents.
Results The structured discussions during the meetings provided a broad outline of resident performance, including identification of problematic and excellent residents. A shared mental model about the assessment criteria had developed over time. Residents were not always satisfied with the feedback they received after the meeting. Feedback that had been provided to a resident after the first CCC meeting was not addressed in the second meeting.
Discussion The principles that were used to design the CCC meeting were feasible in practice. Structured discussions, based on data from multiple assessment tools and multiple perspectives, provided a broad outline of resident performance. Residency programs that wish to implement CCCs can build on our design principles and adjust the prototype to their particular context.
Asymptotic behaviour asp→ ∞ of least energy solutions of a (p, q(p))-Laplacian problem
Authors: Alves C. O. , Ercole G. , Pereira G. A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe study the asymptotic behaviour, asp→ ∞, of the least energy solutions of the problem$$\left\{ {\matrix{ {-(\Delta _p + \Delta _{q(p)})u = \lambda _p \vert u(x_u) \vert ^{p-2}u(x_u)\delta _{x_u}} & {{\rm in}} & \Omega \cr {u = 0} \hfill \hfill \hfill & {{\rm on}} & {\partial \Omega ,} \cr } } \right.$$wherexuis the (unique) maximum point of |u|,$\delta _{x_{u}}$is the Dirac delta distribution supported atxu,$$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{p\to \infty } \displaystyle{{q(p)} \over p} = Q\in \left\{ {\matrix{ {(0,1)} & {{\rm if}} & {N < q(p) < p} \cr {(1,\infty )} & {{\rm if}} & {N < p < q(p)} \cr } } \right.$$and λp > 0 is such that$$\min \left\{ {\displaystyle{{{\rm \Vert }\nabla u{\rm \Vert }_\infty } \over {{\rm \Vert }u{\rm \Vert }_\infty }}:0 \ne u\in W^{1,\infty }(\Omega )\cap C_0(\bar{\Omega })} \right\} \les \mathop {\lim }\limits_{p\to \infty } (\lambda _p)^{1/p} < \infty .$$
Human perceptions of and interactions with wild canids on cattle ranches in central Brazil
Authors: Bickley Stacie M. , Lemos Frederico G. , Gilmore Michael P. , Azevedo Fernanda C. , Freeman Elizabeth W. , Songsasen Nucharin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLocal attitudes towards carnivores often reflect the degree of damage they are perceived to cause. Consequently, understanding the interactions between people and these species is essential to conservation efforts. This study investigated local perceptions of three Cerrado canid species and current chicken management practices, to identify the potential damage they cause and how this relates to peoples’ attitudes towards these species. Results from structured interviews at 50 ranches in Goiás, Brazil, highlighted that general knowledge about Cerrado canids differed significantly by species, with interviewees unable to correctly answer questions about the hoary fox Lycalopex vetulus and crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous in comparison to the maned wolf Chrysocyon brachyurus. Chicken coops were identified as the most effective method for preventing predation, yet only 44% of respondents employed this method. Using a perceived predation measure, interviewees reported chicken predation by all three Cerrado canids even though most of these events were stated to occur during the day, outside the species’ active periods. Reported predation events were a strong predictor of attitude. Participants who experienced predation events reported they did not like having a Cerrado canid on their property. However, 86% of the respondents agreed that Cerrado canids should nevertheless be protected. Our findings support the need to incorporate the human dimension in canid and broader carnivore conservation issues.
An extension of Rawls’s theory of justice for climate change
Authors: Kim Hyunseop 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that a new principle of background justice should be added to Rawls’s Law of Peoples because climate change is an international and intergenerational problem that can destabilize the Society of Peoples and the well-ordered peoples therein. I start with explaining the nature of my project and Rawls’s conception of stability. I argue that climate change poses a realistic threat to the stability of climate-vulnerable liberal peoples and as a result undermines international peace and security. Despite the uncertainties due to the complexity of the climate system and about the resilience of liberal societies, liberal peoples’ fundamental interests in just basic institutions and national security call for the adoption of a precautionary principle. Rawls’s own principles are, I argue, inadequate to solve the stability problem from climate change. Still, his framework provides the theoretical resources to develop a new extension. I propose a new Rawlsian principle of international, intergenerational justice that guarantees the environmental background conditions under which well-ordered peoples can sustain their basic structure over generations and sketch the principle’s institutional implementation. I conclude with the theoretical and practical significance of this extension of Rawls’s theory.
Pregnancy stress, healthy pregnancy and birth outcomes – the need for early preventative approaches in pregnant Australian Indigenous women: a prospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Mah B. L. , Pringle K. G. , Weatherall L. , Keogh L. , Schumacher T. , Eades S. , Brown A. , Lumbers E. R. , Roberts C. T. , Diehm C. , Smith R. , Rae K. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAdverse pregnancy outcomes including prematurity and low birth weight (LBW) have been associated with life-long chronic disease risk for the infant. Stress during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Many studies have reported the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Indigenous populations and a smaller number of studies have measured rates of stress and depression in these populations. This study sought to examine the potential association between stress during pregnancy and the rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Australian Indigenous women residing in rural and remote communities in New South Wales. This study found a higher rate of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy than the general population. There was also a higher incidence of prematurity and LBW deliveries. Unfortunately, missing post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptomatology data impeded the examination of associations of interest. This was largely due to the highly sensitive nature of the issues under investigation, and the need to ensure adequate levels of trust between Indigenous women and research staff before disclosure and recording of sensitive research data. We were unable to demonstrate a significant association between the level of stress and the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes at this stage. We recommend this longitudinal study continue until complete data sets are available. Future research in this area should ensure prioritization of building trust in participants and overestimating sample size to ensure no undue pressure is placed upon an already stressed participant.
Combining Experimental Methods and Modeling to Quantify the Complex Recharge Behavior of Karst Aquifers
Authors: Mudarra M. , Hartmann A. , Andreo B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntegration of the abundant information derived from different sources, characterizing techniques and modeling methodologies, is crucial for extending our knowledge of karst aquifers and their available water resources. In this work, a numerically based approach derived from an improved version of the lumped VarKarst model is proposed, which jointly considers spring discharge and dye test results in calibration routine, to assess independently the contribution of the allogenic and autogenic components to the total recharge of a complex karst system with proved duality in its recharge mechanisms. A newly developed parameter estimation procedure based on rather soft performance rules is employed to confine the uncertainty of the water budget previously obtained with two other independent methods (Soil Water Balance and APLIS). Unlike other methodologies that lead to semiquantitative estimations of input sources, results from our approach display reliable ranges of calibrated values for recharge rate, recharge area, and, to a lesser extent, for water runoff infiltration coming from the streamflow. The integration of all these quantitative results with data (qualitative) previously derived from other experimental methodologies has meant a significant advance in understanding the behavior of the pilot system, allowing a more realistic and robust conceptual model to be developed. We conclude by emphasizing that a continuous transfer of improvements from conceptual to numerical modeling approaches, and vice versa, is necessary to enhance knowledge of carbonate aquifer functioning and ultimately achieve better evaluation and management of water resources. During this process, frequent mutual evaluation between the modeling approaches must be performed.
The Oyashio Nutrient Stream and Its Nutrient Transport to the Mixed Water Region
Authors: Long Yu , Zhu Xiao‐Hua , Guo Xinyu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Oyashio, a subarctic western boundary current in the North Pacific, transports cool, fresh, and nutrient‐rich water equatorward. The Oyashio nutrient stream was assessed using long‐term mean hydrographic observation data. Its nitrate transport (about 350 kmol/s) is comparable to that of the Kuroshio but has a much shallower subsurface core at 250‐m depth. In the layer ranging from 26.6 to 27.4 σθ, the Oyashio nitrate transport to the mixed water region is about 110 kmol/s. This corresponds to the nitrate transport of the Oyashio to the North Pacific Intermediate Water in the mixed water region. Along with this process, the subarctic gyre nitrate export to the subtropic gyre reaches 24 kmol/s. This work first quantifies the Oyashio nutrient transport and its intrusion into the mixed water region and suggests its importance in local/basin‐scale nutrient cycles.
Large Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity, and Productivity‐Preservation Changes Preceding the Onset of the Messinian Salinity Crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Vasiliev Iuliana , Karakitsios Vasileios , Bouloubassi Ioanna , Agiadi Konstantina , Kontakiotis George , Antonarakou Assimina , Triantaphyllou Maria , Gogou Alexandra , Kafousia Nefeli , de Rafélis Marc , Zarkogiannis Stergios , Kaczmar Fanny , Parinos Constantine , Pasadakis Nikolaos 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC; 5.97–5.33 Ma) is an enigmatic episode of paleoceanographic change, when kilometer‐thick evaporite units were deposited in the Mediterranean basin. Here we use geochemical (biomarker and isotope) data to reconstruct sea surface temperature, salinity, and productivity‐preservation changes in the Mediterranean basin just before the MSC. The proxy data indicate that the Mediterranean Sea was significantly saltier and colder between 6.415 and 6.151 Ma, than between 6.151 and 5.971 Ma. Salinity decrease at 6.151 Ma seems to be a relatively fast event just preceding the inception of a warming phase that lasted almost uninterrupted until the MSC onset. The water exchange with the Paratethys could have caused, along with the African rivers, an increased freshwater supply, resulting in normal marine Mediterranean waters between 6.151 and 5.971 Ma, despite the severe restriction of marine connections with the Atlantic at that time. Sea surface temperature changes determined a sharp drop in productivity and/or preservation of organic matter, marked by deposition of calcareous marls. Productivity and preservation were relatively high and constant until 6.01 Ma. Afterward, increased influx of terrestrial organic matter and probably enhanced water column stratification prevailed. Around 5.971 Ma, modifications in aquatic versus terrestrially derived biomarkers indicate changes in organic matter influx at the MSC onset.
Temporal Variability in Nitrate‐Discharge Relationships in Large Rivers as Revealed by High‐Frequency Data
Authors: Zimmer Margaret A. , Pellerin Brian , Burns Douglas A. , Petrochenkov Gregory 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLittle is known about temporal variability in nitrate concentration responses to changes in discharge on intraannual time scales in large rivers. To investigate this knowledge gap, we used a six‐year data set of daily surface water nitrate concentration and discharge averaged from near‐continuous monitoring at U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations on the Connecticut, Potomac, and Mississippi Rivers, three large rivers that contribute substantial nutrient pollution to important estuaries. Interannually, a comparison of nitrate concentration‐discharge (c‐Q) relationships between a traditional discrete grab sample data set and the near‐continuous data set revealed differing c‐Q slopes, which suggests that sample frequency can impact how we ultimately characterize hydrologic systems. Intraannually, we conducted correlation analyses over 30‐day windows to isolate the strength and direction of monthly c‐Q relationships. Monthly c‐Q slopes in the Potomac were positive (enrichment/mobilization response) in summer and fall and negative (dilution response) and weakly chemostatic (nonsignificant near‐zero c‐Q slope) in winter and spring, respectively. The Connecticut displayed a dilution response year‐round, except summer when it was weakly chemostatic. Mississippi c‐Q slopes were weakly chemostatic in all seasons and showed inconsistent responses to discharge fluctuations. The c‐Q dynamics in the Potomac and Connecticut were correlated (R > 0.3) to river temperature, flow percentile, and calendar day. Minimal correlation in the Mississippi suggests that the large basin area coupled with spatiotemporally variable anthropogenic forcings from substantial land use development created stochastic short‐term c‐Q relationships. Additional work using high‐frequency sensors across large river networks can improve our understanding of spatial source input dynamics in these natural‐human coupled systems.
The Role of Floodplain Topography in Deriving Basin Discharge Using Passive Microwave Remote Sensing
Authors: Kim Seokhyeon , Sharma Ashish 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDischarge measurements are essential for a range of hydrologic applications. In situ observations, however, are seldom available. Whereas satellite remote sensing offers a fascinating possibility of deriving discharge data for ungauged catchments, it comes with significant uncertainty and has had limited adoption until recently. A satellite‐derived flood signal, referred to as the Measurement‐Calibration (MC) ratio, is being increasingly used but suffers from significant uncertainty and inaccuracy, partly because ground geomorphic attributes are ignored in its estimation. We present here an approach for enhancing the MC ratio by accounting for local topography and its impact on flow creation within a catchment. The Topographic Wetness Index is used for extracting the MC ratio from 179 hydrologic reference stations across Australia representing different climates, watershed sizes, and elevations. Results indicate clear improvements in flow estimates using the proposed method as compared to the options currently in place.
A Comprehensive Distributed Hydrological Modeling Intercomparison to Support Process Representation and Data Collection Strategies
Authors: Baroni Gabriele , Schalge Bernd , Rakovec Oldrich , Kumar Rohini , Schüler Lennart , Samaniego Luis , Simmer Clemens , Attinger Sabine 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe improvement of process representations in hydrological models is often only driven by the modelers' knowledge and data availability. We present a comprehensive comparison between two hydrological models of different complexity that is developed to support (1) the understanding of the differences between model structures and (2) the identification of the observations needed for model assessment and improvement. The comparison is conducted on both space and time and by aggregating the outputs at different spatiotemporal scales. In the present study, mHM, a process‐based hydrological model, and ParFlow‐CLM, an integrated subsurface‐surface hydrological model, are used. The models are applied in a mesoscale catchment in Germany. Both models agree in the simulated river discharge at the outlet and the surface soil moisture dynamics, lending their supports for some model applications (drought monitoring). Different model sensitivities are, however, found when comparing evapotranspiration and soil moisture at different soil depths. The analysis supports the need of observations within the catchment for model assessment, but it indicates that different strategies should be considered for the different variables. Evapotranspiration measurements are needed at daily resolution across several locations, while highly resolved spatially distributed observations with lower temporal frequency are required for soil moisture. Finally, the results show the impact of the shallow groundwater system simulated by ParFlow‐CLM and the need to account for the related soil moisture redistribution. Our comparison strategy can be applied to other models types and environmental conditions to strengthen the dialog between modelers and experimentalists for improving process representations in Earth system models.
Investigating the predictive value of different resting-state functional MRI parameters in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Bu Xuan , Hu Xinyu , Zhang Lianqing , Li Bin , Zhou Ming , Lu Lu , Hu Xiaoxiao , Li Hailong , Yang Yanchun , Tang Wanjie , Gong Qiyong , Huang Xiaoqi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPrevious resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have facilitated our understanding of OCD pathophysiology based on its intrinsic activity. However, whether the group difference derived from univariate analysis could be useful for informing the diagnosis of individual OCD patients remains unclear. We aimed to apply multivariate pattern analysis of different rs-fMRI parameters to distinguish drug-naive patients with OCD from healthy control subjects (HCS). Fifty-four drug-naive OCD patients and 54 well-matched HCS were recruited. Four different rs-fMRI parameter maps, including the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity strength (FCS), were calculated. Training of a support vector machine (SVM) classifier using rs-fMRI maps produced voxelwise discrimination maps. Overall, the classification accuracies were acceptable for the four rs-fMRI parameters. Excellent performance was achieved when ALFF maps were employed (accuracy, 95.37%, p < 0.01), good performance was achieved by using ReHo maps, weaker performance was achieved by using fALFF maps, and fair performance was achieved by using FCS maps. The brain regions showing the greatest discriminative power included the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, precentral gyrus, and occipital lobes. The application of SVM to rs-fMRI features may provide potential power for OCD classification.