bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences exist in bird communities using restored and natural wetlands in the Parkland region, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Anderson Daina L. , Rooney Rebecca C. 
Published: July 2019

Wetland restoration is used to compensate for historic and ongoing wetland losses. We compared bird community composition in 24 restored wetlands and 36 natural wetlands in the Parkland region of Alberta. Natural wetlands ranged in exposure to agricultural activity and were binned into three classes (low, medium, and high disturbance). Although the abundance and average species richness of birds were similar between restored and natural wetlands (analysis of variance: p > 0.22), the avian community composition differed significantly among wetland types (multiresponse permutation procedure [MRPP]: A = 0.05, p < 0.001). The avifauna using restored wetlands was distinct from the avifauna using natural wetlands spanning a range of disturbance levels (A = 0.02–0.06; p ≤ 0.006). Notably, restored wetlands were surrounded by less shrub/forest cover and more open water than low‐disturbance, natural wetlands. The majority (58%) of species using the surveyed wetlands were not classified as wetland‐dependent. Interestingly, if only wetland‐dependent species are considered, the avifauna using restored wetlands is no longer distinctive (MRPP: A < 0.01, p = 0.187), although the abundance of wetland‐dependent birds was marginally higher in restored wetlands (n = 24) than in low‐disturbance, natural wetlands (n = 10; Tukey's honestly significant difference test: p = 0.041). Overall, restored wetlands had reduced beta diversity compared to natural wetlands, regardless of whether the avifauna were restricted to wetland‐dependent species or considered comprehensively. This draws into question the legitimacy of the assumption that restoration can fully offset continued losses of natural wetlands.
The identification and ennoblement of ‘hybridity’ during the Iberian Union 1580–1640
Authors: Roe Jeremy 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Arch of the Portuguese designed by the scholar and physician Luis Nunes is the focus of this article and it provides a case study for the analysis of the representation of hybrid Iberian identities. Drawing on recent studies on early modern hybridity, identity and composite monarchy this study develops an original reading of Nunes’s arch design, as well as other examples of Iberian visual culture, in terms of the negotiation of political status and the articulation of hybrid identities.
The United States as a Plural Society: Towards a Consociational Solution?
Authors: Howe Philip J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough the United States is not a consociational democracy, it is of considerable interest to consociational scholars. Not only is it in many respects a plural society, its political practice and thought include rudimentary elements of consociationalism’s four defining characteristics. That these institutions and practices have not developed further is unsurprising, given the generally unfavorable conditions for racial or ideological consociationalism there. Furthermore, factors such as the U.S.’s competitive political culture and its history of racial inequality present special challenges for consociational theory and practice. Meanwhile, the possibilities for addressing current ideological polarization by consociational means are limited, while ideological cleavage as such presents its own challenges. Nevertheless, several areas for reform remain possible, while changing ethno‐demographic conditions could make U.S.‐American consociationalism more likely in the next several decades. Furthermore, these considerations open up several potentially fruitful lines for further research into consociational democracy and the conditions that foster it.
An identification method of mechanical properties of materials based on the full‐field measurement method based on the fringe pattern
Authors: Zhou Mengmeng , Xie Huimin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWith the development of image processing technology, optical methods based on fringe patterns, for example, the grid method, electronic speckle pattern interferometry, moiré techniques (including moiré interferometry and digital moiré), and coherent gradient sensing, have become useful techniques for measuring the full‐field deformation of materials and structures. An important application of these techniques is to offer deformation fields for extracting constitutive parameters in the inverse methods. In this paper, we proposed a novel inversion method based on fringe patterns (IMFP), which can be used to identify constitutive model parameters by comparing simulated fringe patterns obtained using the finite element method with experimentally measured fringe patterns. The feasibility and identification accuracy of IMFP were evaluated through numerical experiments, and an additional series of numerical tests were conducted to analyse the noise immunity of IMFP and its sensitivity to the number of constitutive model parameters. Finally, IMFP was applied in the identification of the mechanical parameters of selective laser melting three‐dimensional printed stainless steel.
The ER luminal C‐terminus of AtSec62 is critical for male fertility and plant growth in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Mitterreiter Melanie Jasmine , Bosch Franziska Annamaria , Brylok Thomas , Schwenkert Serena 
Published: July 2019

SummaryProtein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) occurs either co‐ or post‐translationally through the Sec translocation system. The Arabidopsis Sec post‐translocon is composed of the protein‐conducting Sec61 complex, the chaperone‐docking protein AtTPR7, the J‐domain‐containing proteins AtERdj2A/B and the yet uncharacterized AtSec62. Yeast Sec62p is suggested to mainly function in post‐translational translocation, whereas mammalian Sec62 also interacts with ribosomes. In Arabidopsis, loss of AtSec62 leads to impaired growth and drastically reduced male fertility indicating the importance of AtSec62 in protein translocation and subsequent secretion in male gametophyte development. Moreover, AtSec62 seems to be divergent in function as compared with yeast Sec62p, since we were not able to complement the thermosensitive yeast mutant sec62‐ts. Interestingly, AtSec62 has an additional third transmembrane domain in contrast to its yeast and mammalian counterparts resulting in an altered topology with the C‐terminus facing the ER lumen instead of the cytosol. In addition, the AtSec62 C‐terminus has proven to be indispensable for AtSec62 function, since a construct lacking the C‐terminal region was not able to rescue the mutant phenotype in Arabidopsis. We thus propose that Sec62 acquired a unique topology and function in protein translocation into the ER in plants.
Radiography is less sensitive relative to CT for detecting thoracic radiographic changes in dogs affected by blunt trauma secondary to a motor vehicle accident
Authors: Dancer Sumari C. , Le Roux Christelle , Fosgate Geoffrey T. , Kirberger Robert M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThoracic injuries caused by blunt trauma are commonly encountered emergencies in veterinary medicine. However, published studies are lacking that compare radiology to CT in blunt trauma caused by motor vehicle accidents in canine patients. The aim of this prospective diagnostic accuracy, methods comparison study were to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of thoracic radiology relative to CT for detecting lung contusions, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and rib fractures. The study further aimed to develop a severity scoring system for radiology and CT and to compare the findings between the two modalities. The hypothesis was that radiology would be less sensitive than CT at detecting these injuries and that radiology would underestimate the severity of lung contusions. Fifty‐nine patients met the inclusion criteria. Radiology underestimated the presence of lung contusions (Se = 69%, 95% confidence interval) and overestimated the severity of the contusions relative to CT. There was high interobserver variability in evaluating lung contusion severity (coefficient of variation = 91%). Both the three‐view thoracic and horizontal beam radiography had poor sensitivities for the detecting pneumothorax (Se = 19% and 63%, respectively) and pleural effusions (Se = 43% and 71%, respectively). Similarly, the sensitivity (56%) of radiographs for the detection of rib fractures was poor relative to CT. Findings from the current study indicated that thoracic radiography had low sensitivity for detecting lesions related to blunt thoracic trauma caused by motor vehicle accidents and supported the use of CT as an additional diagnostic imaging modality in these patients.
Impact of mHealth interventions during the perinatal period on maternal psychosocial outcomes: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Dol Justine , Richardson Brianna , Tomblin Murphy Gail , Aston Megan , McMillan Douglas , Campbell-Yeo Marsha 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mother-targeted mobile health (mHealth) education interventions during the perinatal period on maternal psychosocial outcomes in high-income countries.

Introduction:
Mobile health (i.e. mHealth) is defined as the use of mobile devices to transmit health content and services. The use of mHealth to provide education and support to mothers is a growing field of health innovation. Mothers seek health information online during the postpartum period to learn about health concerns and get advice and support. Despite the potential benefits of mHealth, the potential impact on maternal psychosocial outcomes requires further evaluation.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will consider studies that include mHealth interventions targeting mothers in high-income countries. The mHealth education interventions must occur during the antenatal or postnatal period. This review will consider studies that compare the intervention to any comparators. Studies published in English from 2000 will be included.

Methods:
The search strategy will aim to locate both published and unpublished studies. Following the search, all identified citations will be collated and duplicates removed. Titles and abstracts will be screened and full text of selected citations will then be assessed in detail against inclusion criteria. The results of the search will be reported in full in the final systematic review. Eligible studies will be critically appraised by two independent reviewers. Data extracted will include specific details about the interventions, populations, study methods and outcomes. Studies will be pooled in statistical meta-analysis or presented in narrative form including tables and figures.
Data Assimilation and Optimal Calibration in Nonlinear Models of Flame Dynamics
Authors: Yu Hans , Jaravel Thomas , Ihme Matthias , Juniper Matthew P. , Magri Luca 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We propose an on-the-fly statistical learning method to take a qualitative reduced-order model of the dynamics of a premixed flame and make it quantitatively accurate. This physics-informed data-driven method is based on the statistically optimal combination of (i) a reduced-order model of the dynamics of a premixed flame with a level-set method, (ii) high-quality data, which can be provided by experiments and/or high-fidelity simulations, and (iii) assimilation of the data into the reduced-order model to improve the prediction of the dynamics of the premixed flame. The reduced-order model learns the state and the parameters of the premixed flame on the fly with the ensemble Kalman filter, which is a Bayesian filter used, for example, in weather forecasting. The proposed method and algorithm are applied to two test cases with relevance to reacting flows and instabilities. First, the capabilities of the framework are demonstrated in a twin experiment, where the assimilated data are produced from the same model as that used in prediction. Second, the assimilated data are extracted from a high-fidelity reacting-flow direct numerical simulation (DNS), which provides the reference solution. The results are analyzed by using Bayesian statistics, which robustly provide the level of confidence in the calculations from the reduced-order model. The versatile method we propose enables the optimal calibration of computationally inexpensive reduced-order models in real-time when experimental data become available, for example, from gas-turbine sensors.
Associations of School Day Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity With Gross Motor Skills: Use of Compositional Data Analysis
Authors: Burns Ryan D. , Kim Youngwon , Byun Wonwoo , Brusseau Timothy A. 
Published: July 2019

Background: To examine the relationships among school day sedentary times (SED), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with gross motor skills in children using Compositional Data Analysis. Methods: Participants were 409 children (mean age = 8.4 [1.8] y) recruited across 5 low-income schools. Gross motor skills were assessed using the test for gross motor development—third edition (TGMD-3), and physical activity was assessed using accelerometers. Isometric log-ratio coordinates were calculated by quantifying the relative proportion of percentage of the school day spent in SED, LPA, and MVPA. The associations of the isometric log-ratio coordinates with the TGMD-3 scores were estimated using general linear mixed-effects models adjusted for age, body mass index, estimated aerobic capacity, and school affiliation. Results: A higher proportion of the school day spent in %MVPA relative to %SED and %LPA was significantly associated with higher TGMD-3 total scores (γMVPA = 14.44, P = .01). This relationship was also observed for the ball skills subtest scores (γMVPA = 16.12, P = .003). Conclusions: Replacing %SED and %LPA with %MVPA during school hours may be an effective strategy for improving gross motor skills, specifically ball skills, in low-income elementary school-aged children.
001 Altered interval timing as a novel marker of cognitive fluctuations in lewy body dementia
Authors: Matar Elie , Martens Kaylena Ehgoetz , Phillips Joseph , Halliday Glenda , Lewis Simon 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionCognitive fluctuations are a core clinical feature of Dementia with Lewy Bodies(DLB), characterized by marked spontaneous variations in cognitive abilities and alertness. There is a paucity of objective measurements of fluctuations in the clinical setting. Altered time awareness represents a potential clinical marker of fluctuations and/or their severity. In this study we aimed to investigate qualities of interval timing in patients with DLB.Methods25 patients with probable DLB and 14 older controls underwent testing using a simple time perception paradigm testing probing different aspects of interval timing including time estimation(retrospective estimation of interval length),time production(prospective determination of an interval) and time pacing(explicit timing of an interval).Intervals of 10 to 90s were randomized between trials.Self/carer-reporting of fluctuations were measured using the clinician assessment of fluctuation(CAF) and one-day fluctuation(OFS) scales.ResultsWe found significant differences in interval timing between controls and DLB for time estimation and time production. Overall, DLB patients estimated less time which was significant at 90 seconds(proportion of interval=0.92 vs 0.69; p=0.03). DLB produced less time(proportion of 90s interval 0.58 vs 1.0; p<0.001). Errors in time estimation at 90 seconds correlated with fluctuation presence according to the CAF(r­=0.47;p=0.009) whilst errors in time pacing at 90s correlated strongest with fluctuation severity according to the OFS(r=0.65,p<0.001). ROC analysis identified time production(90s) as a good test to distinguish DLB from controls (AUC=0.8;95%CI:0.75–0.98).ConclusionWe demonstrate objective evidence for altered temporal processing in DLB and suggest abnormal interval timing as a novel and clinically useful bedside marker of cognitive fluctuations.
113 A case of suspected autoimmune encephalitis secondary to nivolumab
Authors: Ho Jaimie , Hwang Yun , Tio Martin , Long Georgina , Zhang Eva 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo describe a case of suspected immune encephalitis following nivolumab for metastatic melanoma.MethodsRetrospective review of clinical records and diagnostic tests.ResultsA 78-year-old man with cerebral and lung melanoma metastases was treated with nivolumab, the newly developed monoclonal antibody which inhibits PD-1 deactivation of T-cells. He showed good radiological response.Three months after ceasing nivolumab, he presented to ED with acute confusion, aphasia, left-sided weakness and neglect as a stroke call. MRI demonstrated no evidence of stroke or acute encephalitis. EEG showed diffuse slowing. Lumbar puncture was not performed as he was therapeutically anticoagulated and had begun to improve on empirical antibiotics and acyclovir. One week later, he suddenly deteriorated with fevers and reduced level of consciousness. Acyclovir was restarted. Repeat EEG revealed periodic epileptic discharges over the right hemisphere and MRI demonstrated hyperintense signal and diffusion restriction of the right mesial temporal lobe suggestive of encephalitis. Subsequent lumbar puncture was negative for HSV, VZV, enterovirus, and autoimmune encephalitis antibodies.The patient’s oncology team had been in support of a course of methylprednisone on suspicion of autoimmune encephalitis, but by the time the lumbar puncture results returned he was again improving. A diagnosis of suspected nivolumab-induced encephalitis was made based on exclusion of other possible diagnoses.ConclusionsThe rising use of immune checkpoint inhibitors heralds an array of new and unexpected neurological complications including autoimmune encephalitis. A nationwide registry of possible cases may be helpful in improving our currently limited understanding of these emerging complications.
125 Characterising sleep and fatigue in patients with primary mitochondrial disease
Authors: Wools Christine , Sue Carolyn , Cistulli Peter , Davis Ryan 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionFatigue is common in patients with primary mitochondrial disease (PMD). There has been little prospective research into sleep pathology in these patients and assessment of scontributory factors to fatigue.MethodsPatients with PMD were prospectively assessed with overnight polysomnography in addition to measures of fatigue, muscle fatiguability, disease severity, sleep propensity and depression.Results16 patients participated, 15 completing inpatient polysomnography. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) was common (53%), affecting 5/9 females (56%) and 3/6 males (50%), although most cases were mild in severity. There was a trend to higher incidence of OSA in older patients but not other traditional risk factors, nor presence of myopathy. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was the best predictor of OSA, although not reaching significance.Fatigue was common, with 81% of patients having significant fatigue on the Fatigue Severity score and 69% on the Fatigue Impact Scale. The two scores correlated well (r =0.85, p 0.01).The mean 5 times sit to stand time of 16 seconds was significantly higher than community normals (p 0.04), demonstrating muscle fatiguability, not isolated to patients with myopathy.ConclusionOSA is common in patients with PMD, although mostly mild in severity. ESS likely remains a relevant tool in screening patients when considering overnight polysomnography to investigate fatigue in these patients. OSA does not explain the high prevalence of fatigue, with other factors including depressive symptoms, important considerations.
126 Incidence of dementia in elderly patients with epilepsy
Authors: Upadhyay Viral , Ng Aloysius , Wijayath Manori 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionThe incidence of epilepsy is higher in patients with underlying dementia.1 The goal of the present study is to look at the incidence of dementia in patients presented to our epilepsy clinic and analyse electroencephalogram (EEG), imaging findings and response to antiepileptic drug (AED) in these individuals.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on patients presented to Nepean Hospital epilepsy clinic from 2015 to 2017. Multiple clinical parameters were obtained from electronic medical records.ResultsA total of 258 patients presented to the clinic, of which 38 patients were above the age of 65 years. 11 patients were excluded due to insufficient information or patients without any history of seizures. Out of the remaining 27 patients studied, nine patients (33%) had dementia including five patients (19%) with Alzheimer’s dementia. Sixteen patients (59%) experienced complex partial seizures. Brain MRI was performed in twenty one patients (78%). Sixteen patients (59%) had MRI-identified structural lesions including prior stroke or intracerebral haemorrhage. EEGs were performed in twenty patients (74%). Eight patients (40%) had abnormal EEG with one patient (5%) having epileptiform discharges, three patients (15%) having focal slowing and four patients (20%) having generalised slowing. Overall, nineteen patients (70%) were on AEDs with good control and four patients (15%) required more than one AED to achieve seizure control.ConclusionThe study showed that there is higher incidence of dementia in patients with epilepsy compared with general population.2 Most patients experience complex partial seizures and can be adequately controlled on single AED.ReferencesRao S, Dove G, Cascino G, Petersen R. Recurrent seizures in patients with dementia: Frequency, seizure types, and treatment outcome. Epilepsy & Behavior 2009, 14(1), pp.118–120.ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) 2016, Life Tables, States, Territories and Australia, 2013–2015, cat. no. 3302.0.55.001, ABS, Canberra
129 Pilot study: the validity of the queens square screening test for visual deficits in a cohort of patients with dementia
Authors: Kim Leah , Cordato Dennis , McDougall Alan , Fraser Clare 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionThere is limited research on the visual deficits found in dementia. The Queens Square Screening Test for Visual Deficits (QS test) is designed to screen for changes in visual processing. Our study aimed to validate this test and examine the types of visual processing deficits found in dementia.MethodsWe assessed the QS test in participants with dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls. Participants were recruited from the Neurology and Geriatrics departments of a tertiary hospital over 3-months. Cognitive impairment was measured using the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS).ResultsTwenty-six patients were examined. There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, English fluency, and education between the three groups. Participants with dementia (n=8, mean RUDAS 17.5/30) scored 51.4/71 on the QS test, compared to 60.7/71 in MCI (n=7, mean RUDAS 25.0/30) and 64.6/71 in controls (n=11, mean RUDAS 27.4/30). The mean scores for each subset of the QS test for dementia, MCI and normal cognition, respectively, were: early visual processing – 19.6/25, 22.4/25, 23.7/25; object perception – 5.6/11, 7.9/11, 8.7/11; space perception – 11.4/14, 11.1/14, 12.4/14; face perception – 4.4/8, 6.4/8, 7.0/8; reading – 10.4/13, 12.9/13, 12.8/13.ConclusionIn this pilot study, the QS test was markedly abnormal in dementia but did not differentiate between MCI and normal cognition. Our findings suggest that deficits in early visual processing, reading, and the perception of objects and faces are common in dementia. Understanding the types of visual difficulties may improve the care of patients with dementia.