bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insectivorous bats integrate social information about species identity, conspecific activity and prey abundance to estimate cost–benefit ratio of interactions
Authors: Lewanzik Daniel , Sundaramurthy Arun K. , Goerlitz Holger R. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Animals can use inadvertent social information to improve fitness‐relevant decisions, for instance about where to forage or with whom to interact. Since bats emit high‐amplitude species‐specific echolocation calls when flying, they provide a constant flow of inadvertent social information to others who can decode that acoustic information. Of particular interest is the rate of feeding buzzes—characteristic call sequences preceding any prey capture—which correlates with insect abundance.

Previous studies investigating eavesdropping in bats yielded very different and in part contradictory results likely because they commonly focused on single species only, differed substantially in playback buzz rate and did usually not account for (baseline) conspecific activity. Our goal was to overcome these limitations and systematically test which inadvertent social information bats integrate when eavesdropping on others and how this integration affects space use and both intra‐ and interspecific interactions, respectively.

We used a community‐wide approach and investigated the effects of a broad range of playback feeding buzz rates and conspecific activity on eavesdropping responses in 24 bat species combinations in the wild.

For the first time, we reveal that finely graded and density‐dependent eavesdropping responses are not limited to particular foraging styles or call types, but instead are ubiquitous among insectivorous bats. All bats integrated social information about calling species identity, prey abundance and conspecific activity to estimate the cost–benefit ratio of prospective interactions, yet in a species‐specific manner. The effect of buzz rate was multifaceted, as bats responded differently to different buzz rates, and responses were additionally modulated by heterospecific recognition. Conspecific activity, in contrast, had a negative effect on the eavesdropping responses of all bats.

These findings can explain the inconsistent results of previous studies and advance our understanding of the complex nature of conspecific and heterospecific interactions within bat communities. A comprehensive understanding of how bats incorporate social information into their decision‐making will help researchers to explain species distribution patterns and eventually to unravel mechanisms of species coexistence.
Consequential differences in perspectives and practices concerning children with developmental language disorders: an integrative review
Authors: Gallagher Aoife L. , Murphy Carol‐Anne , Conway Paul , Perry Alison 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundInter‐professional collaboration (IPC) has been recommended for many years as a means by which the needs of children with developmental language disorders (DLD) can be met at school. However, effective IPC remains difficult to achieve and our knowledge of how to support it is limited. A shared understanding between those involved has been identified as critical to IPC.AimsTo examine the literature, as one source of data, for evidence of a shared understanding between the fields of speech and language therapy (SLT) and education about children with DLD and how such needs can best be met at school.Methods & ProceduresAn integrative review of the literature was undertaken. A systematic search of the published, peer‐reviewed literature (between 2006 and 2016) was conducted for empirical and theoretical papers and a manual search was undertaken to obtain a representative sample of policy/professional guidelines. A total of 81 papers across SLT and education were included in the review. The papers were scrutinized using a qualitative content analysis.Main ContributionAlthough some commonality between perspectives in the literature was identified, differences between the fields dominated. These differences related to how DLD is conceptualized; how children's needs are assessed; which outcomes are prioritized and how best these outcomes can be achieved. We also found differences about what constitutes useful knowledge to guide practice. We suggest that the nature of the differences we identified in the literature may have negative implications for practitioners wishing to collaborate to meet the needs of children with DLD in school. The perspectives of practising SLTs and teachers need to be sought to determine whether the findings from the literature reflect dilemmas in practice.ConclusionsEffective IPC is essential to meet the needs of children with DLD in school; yet, it remains difficult to achieve. Our review of the literature across SLT and education indicates evidence of a lack of shared understanding about DLD. If these differences are also evident in practice, then a conceptual model to support IPC may be warranted.
Temporal covariation of epibacterial community and surface metabolome in the Mediterranean seaweed holobiont Taonia atomaria
Authors: Paix Benoît , Othmani Ahlem , Debroas Didier , Culioli Gérald , Briand Jean‐François 
Published: April 2019

SummaryAn integrative multi‐omics approach allowed monthly variations for a year of the surface metabolome and the epibacterial community of the Mediterranean Phaeophyceae Taonia atomaria to be investigated. The LC–MS‐based metabolomics and 16S rDNA metabarcoding data sets were integrated in a multivariate meta‐omics analysis (multi‐block PLS‐DA from the MixOmic DIABLO analysis) showing a strong seasonal covariation (Mantel test: p < 0.01). A network based on positive and negative correlations between the two data sets revealed two clusters of variables, one relative to the ‘spring period’ and a second to the ‘summer period’. The ‘spring period’ cluster was mainly characterized by dipeptides positively correlated with a single bacterial taxon of the Alteromonadaceae family (BD1‐7 clade). Moreover, ‘summer’ dominant epibacterial taxa from the second cluster (including Erythrobacteraceae, Rhodospirillaceae, Oceanospirillaceae and Flammeovirgaceae) showed positive correlations with few metabolites known as macroalgal antifouling defences [e.g. dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) and proline] which exhibited a key role within the correlation network. Despite a core community that represents a significant part of the total epibacteria, changes in the microbiota structure associated with surface metabolome variations suggested that both environment and algal host shape the bacterial surface microbiota.
Support for aged care workers and quality care in Australia: A case of contract failure?
Authors: Xerri Matthew , Brunetto Yvonne , Farr‐Wharton Ben 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper is guided by Conservation of Resources theory and aims to investigate the impact of personal and organisational support on the quality of clinical care given to aged care residents in for‐profit (FP) and not‐for‐profit (NFP) facilities. Broadly, the paper addresses challenges faced by governments in designing contract specifications that ensure quality outcomes from aged care providers. The argument is that the present accreditation standards that are used to assess the status of aged care providers are too narrow to capture the complexity in delivering social services. Data were collected from 442 aged care workers from aged care facilities in NSW, QLD and WA. The results show that carer support (personal and organisational support) explained half of the variance in quality of clinical care in NFP facilities, and a third of the variance in FP facilities. In particular, the findings suggest support for carers is important for carer retention, and ultimately the clinical care of residents. The findings provide supporting evidence to widen the required contract specifications for aged care provider accreditation to include organisational and personal support for carers.
Documenting Feature Pools in Language Expansion Situations: Sibilants in Early Colonial Latin American Spanish
Authors: Sanz‐Sánchez Israel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a reconstruction of the demographic and linguistic composition of the Spanish settling contingent in the American colonies as one of several key factors determining the evolution of Spanish in the early colonial period (sixteenth century). It focuses on the evidence for contact among several sibilant systems, includingseseo, i.e. the reduction of four medieval sibilants to /s/. In the standard narrative of the history of Latin American Spanish, this reduction is seen as the consequence of the demographic primacy ofseseoin the early metropolitan colonial mix and the inherent phonological simplicity of the merger (Catalán 1958; Granda 1994; Parodi 1995; Hidalgo 2016). This study calls for a reassessment of several of these previous assumptions. The bulk of the data in this study come from a corpus of private letters by early colonial settlers from Spain, analysed quantitatively and contextualized on the basis of additional demographic and linguistic evidence. The sociolinguistic reconstruction that emerges from this data contradicts the canonical presentation of the internal and external ecology of early colonial Latin American Spanish, and calls for the incorporation of a variety of cognitive and sociodemographic triggers beyond the action of the metropolitan input.
The Dark Side of Urban Informality in the Global North: Housing Illegality and Organized Crime in Northern Italy
Authors: Chiodelli Francesco 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article deals with housing illegality/informality in Italy, where it represents an established aspect of urban development. It presents a case study focused on Desio, a town close to Milan in northern Italy. Here housing illegality occurs by virtue of the well‐established presence of a mafia‐type criminal organization (the ‘Ndrangheta). Three examples of illegal construction in Desio are analysed, forming the basis for a discussion on the distinctive features of illegal house‐building in Italy. In particular, institutional incentives encouraging illegal housing are investigated, with reference to both formal institutions (e.g. planning laws, rules preventing unauthorized housing and building amnesties) and informal institutions (e.g. organized crime). The case of illegal housing in Italy contributes significantly to the wider international debate on urban informality, highlighting the critical need for research along avenues as yet only partially explored (e.g. informal housing in Western countries and the role of criminal activities and actors in the spread of informality) and challenging some common assumptions such as the geographical dualism (‘global North’ versus ‘global South’) which, implicitly, results from the international literature.
Weird Exoskeletons: Propositional Politics and the Making of Home in Underground Bucharest
Authors: Lancione Michele 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe article explores the politics of life underground in Bucharest, Romania. It focuses on a tunnel passing under Bucharest's central train station, where a community of drug users and so‐called ‘homeless’ have made a long‐standing home, using a space that many others considered uninhabitable. Relying on extensive ethnographic observations and interviews undertaken within the tunnels, the article traces and illustrates the socio‐material entanglements characterizing life underground. It frames this assemblage of bodies, veins, syringes, substances and various relationships of power and affect, as a ‘propositional politics’ of home and life at the margins. Such a politics speaks of drug addiction and extreme marginalization, but also of a sense of belonging, reciprocal trust and care. In tracing such a politics, the article does not aim to romanticize the status of home in the underground or to treat it as the marginal antithesis of normative homeliness, but to reveal the ways in which an affirmative, self‐grounding politics of home emerges from the immanence of tunnel life within the fabric of the city. As such, the article contributes to debates around homing practices in conditions of uninhabitability and proposes a radical approach to the politics of life at the margins in the contemporary urban.
Repeatable, continuous and real‐time estimates of coupled nitrogenase activity and carbon exchange at the whole‐plant scale
Authors: Bytnerowicz Thomas A. , Min Elizabeth , Griffin Kevin L. , Menge Duncan N. L. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) by higher plants and their bacterial symbionts is a globally important input of nitrogen. Our understanding of the mechanisms that control SNF and the time‐scales over which they operate has been constrained by the limitations of the existing methods for measuring SNF. One method, Acetylene Reduction Assays by Cavity ring‐down laser Absorption Spectroscopy (ARACAS), seems promising, as it is highly sensitive and gives rapid, continuous, repeatable and real‐time measurements of nitrogenase activity. ARACAS has been used to study nitrogen fixation in lichens, mosses and asymbiotic bacteria, but adapting it to higher plants poses challenges because acetylene and ethylene can influence plant function.

Here, we report modifications to ARACAS that allow it to be used on higher plants in an environmentally controlled incubation chamber. The modifications include lower concentrations of acetylene (2%) and ethylene and concurrent measurements of whole‐chamber CO2 exchange, H2O exchange and nitrogenase activity, linking nitrogenase activity to whole‐plant rates of photosynthesis and respiration.

After propagating the error terms from all sources, we establish the following parameters of the method: (a) The detection limit of our method was 2–3 ppbv C2H4 per hour, although it rose substantially when we used tank‐derived acetylene, which has much higher ethylene contamination; (b) Repeated measures at a frequency of 3 days or longer did not diminish nitrogenase activity or photosynthesis, although daily measurements diminished nitrogenase activity; (c) This method can detect changes at time‐scales as short as seconds; (d) Continuous measurement of nitrogenase activity is maintained above 90% of the maximum rate for 7.0 ± 1.3 (M ± SD) hours.

This method has the potential to improve our understanding of the controls over SNF, and therefore, how SNF and global nitrogen and carbon cycling are likely to be affected by global change.
Effects of deferring grazing on the floristic diversity of Stipa tenacissima Loefl. ex L. rangelands in central Algerian steppe
Authors: Bekai Fatma , Kadik Leila , Nedjimi Bouzid 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe present work aims to study the effect of deferring grazing on the floristic diversity of Stipa tenacissima Loefl. ex L. rangelands in the central Algerian steppe in two different bioclimatic stages, namely semi‐arid and arid. This work is part of a perspective to know the floristic characteristics of an area excluded from grazing and an unrestricted rangeland, in two different environments in order to highlight the factors that are conceivably responsible for the diversification of flora in the steppe ecosystems. In the present study, a number of 96 floristic surveys were performed during the spring season of the years 2014, 2015 and 2016. The methodology adopted is a subjective sampling. The minimum area retained is 100 m2 defined by the method of Braun Blanquet and de Bolos (1957, Annales Estacion Experimental de Aula Dei, 5, 266). This method has been used to study the floristic diversity represented by the floristic richness, Shannon index, the equitability, the biological and the phytochoric type. The climatic correction according to the altitudinal gradient was applied to determine the bioclimatic stage. The results from the surveys indicate that the rangelands at the studied sites contain 109 species, 27 families and 63 genera out of which 79 species and 22 families are in the semi‐arid bioclimatic stage. A two‐way analysis of variance was employed to examine the effect of the bioclimatic stage and the pasture land put at rest. Variance analysis of the diversity indices showed that the bioclimatic stage has a significant impact on the floristic richness and flora diversity of the S. tenacissima steppe (p ≤ 0.01) with a 5% threshold; on the other hand, the protection of these ecosystems does not have a remarkable influence on the floristic diversity (p > 0.05). In recent years, climatic disturbances have resulted in changes in vegetation, even in rested areas located between the study localities.
Successful implementation of a medication safety program for Aboriginal Health Practitioners in rural Australia
Authors: Khalil Hanan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study describes the development and implementation of a medication safety program for Aboriginal Health Practitioners practising in rural Australia.DesignA two‐stage process was used to develop and implement the medication safety program. Initially, a total of eight semi‐structured interviews was undertaken with Aboriginal Health Practitioners to identify the main challenges faced while implementing medication safety in the organisation. This was followed by the development of a culturally appropriate medication safety program.SettingAboriginal Community Controlled Health Service.ParticipantsAboriginal Health Practitioners.Main outcome measureThe participants' knowledge, confidence, behaviour, and utilisation of medication safety developed resources.ResultsThe development and implementation of the medication safety program in the Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service consisted of addressing the barriers to medication safety cited by the Aboriginal Health Practitioner from the interviews, providing face‐to‐face educational sessions and developing a culturally appropriate educational resource to address the identified gaps. The program developed was evaluated by 17 Aboriginal Health Practitioners who took part in the study. The evaluation of Aboriginal Health Practitioners' knowledge, confidence, behaviour, utilisation of the medication safety program and resources was undertaken using an anonymous survey. A total of 31 participants completed the survey: 17 before the training and 14 at 6 months post‐training. The data analysis, using t test, revealed a statistically significant change in the Aboriginal Health Practitioners' knowledge, confidence, behaviour and utilisation.ConclusionThe success of the implementation of a collaborative medication safety program within the Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service is dependent on understanding the barriers to medication safety in the workplace associated within the organisation and emphasising a wide culture of patient safety.
Opium of the people? National identification predicts well‐being over time
Authors: Khan Sammyh S. , Garnett Nicholas , Hult Khazaie Daniella , Liu James H. , Gil de Zúñiga Homero 
Published: April 2019

Social group membership and its social‐relational corollaries, for example, social contact, trust, and support, are prophylactic for health. Research has tended to focus on how direct social interactions between members of small‐scale groups (i.e., a local sports team or community group) are conducive to positive health outcomes. The current study provides evidence from a longitudinal cross‐cultural sample (N = 6,748; 18 countries/societies) that the prophylactic effect of group membership is not isolated to small‐scale groups, and that members of groups do not have to directly interact, or in fact know of each other to benefit from membership. Our longitudinal analyses suggest that national identification (strength of association with the country/society of which one is a citizen) predicts lower anxiety and improved health; national identification was in fact almost as positively predictive of health status as anxiety was negatively predictive. The findings indicate that identification with large‐scale groups, like small‐scale groups, is palliative, and are discussed in terms of globalization and banal nationalism.
The combination of whole‐exome sequencing and copy number variation sequencing enables the diagnosis of rare neurological disorders
Authors: Jiao Qingguo , Sun Haiming , Zhang Haoya , Wang Ran , Li Suting , Sun Dan , Yang Xiu‐An , Jin Yan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis retrospective study aims to investigate the diagnostic yields of multiple strategies of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) for children with rare neurological disorders (NDs). A total of 220 pediatric patients with NDs who visited our hospital between Jan 2017 and Dec 2018 and had undergone NGS were included. Most patients were 5 years old or younger, and the number of patients visiting the hospital decreased with age. Seizures were the most common symptom in this cohort. The positive rates for targeted NGS panels (Panel), whole‐exome sequencing (WES), and copy number variation sequencing (CNVseq) were 26.5% (9/34), 36.6% (63/172), and 16.7% (22/132), respectively. The positive rate for patients undergoing a combination of WES and CNVseq (WES + CNVseq) was 47.8% (54/113), which was significantly better than the positive rate for patients who underwent WES alone (32.7%, 37/113). A total of 83 variants were found in 42 genes, and SCN1A was the most frequently mutanted gene. Twenty‐four CNVs were identified in 22 patients: two CNVs were inherited from the mother; 12 CNVs were de novo; and the CNV origins could not be determined in 10 patients. WES + CNVseq may potentially be the mostly effective NGS approach for diagnosis of rare NDs in pediatric patients.
Activity and distribution of the mushroom phorid fly, Megaselia halterata, in and around commercial mushroom farms
Authors: Mazin Maria , Andreadis Stefanos S. , Jenkins Nina E. , Cloonan Kevin R. , Baker T.C. , Rajotte Ed G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe mushroom phorid fly, Megaselia halterata (Wood) (Diptera: Phoridae), is a key pest in mushroom farming in most parts of the world. Studies on the mushroom phorid fly have focused on its life history within mushroom growing houses, but little is known about the fly's activity outside mushroom growing houses. In this study, daily activity and distribution of adult M. halterata in the areas surrounding mushroom growing houses was studied using yellow sticky traps. Results suggest that M. halterata focuses its flight activity over turf areas rather than windbreaks and spent compost piles, possibly for mating purposes. Our study found no evidence of M. halterata breeding in turf areas surrounding mushroom growing houses. In addition, flight activity is highest in the afternoon until midnight at higher temperatures, yet at lower temperatures activity ceases after sunset. Establishing temperature and daylight thresholds for M. halterata flight activity may be useful in developing integrated pest management (IPM) tactics for this species. The most successful IPM tool that mushroom growers use at present is fly exclusion. Exclusion can be improved by focusing farm operations around temperature and daylight thresholds when fly activity is at its lowest.