bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Zika Virus Infection in the Pregnant Common Marmoset Induces Spontaneous Fetal Loss and Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities
Authors: Seferovic Maxim , Sánchez-San Martín Claudia , Tardif Suzette D. , Rutherford Julienne , Castro Eumenia C. C. , Li Tony , Hodara Vida L. , Parodi Laura M. , Giavedoni Luis , Layne-Colon Donna , Tamhankar Manasi , Yagi Shigeo , Martyn Calla , Reyes Kevin , Suter Melissa A. , Aagaard Kjersti M. , Chiu Charles Y. , Patterson Jean L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDuring its most recent outbreak across the Americas, Zika virus (ZIKV) was surprisingly shown to cause fetal loss and congenital malformations in acutely and chronically infected pregnant women. However, understanding the underlying pathogenesis of ZIKV congenital disease has been hampered by a lack of relevant in vivo experimental models. Here we present a candidate New World monkey model of ZIKV infection in pregnant marmosets that faithfully recapitulates human disease. ZIKV inoculation at the human-equivalent of early gestation caused an asymptomatic seroconversion, induction of type I/II interferon-associated genes and proinflammatory cytokines, and persistent viremia and viruria. Spontaneous pregnancy loss was observed 16–18 days post-infection, with extensive active placental viral replication and fetal neurocellular disorganization similar to that seen in humans. These findings underscore the key role of the placenta as a conduit for fetal infection, and demonstrate the utility of marmosets as a highly relevant model for studying congenital ZIKV disease and pregnancy loss.
Robustness of cortical and subcortical processing in the presence of natural masking sounds
Authors: Beetz M. Jerome , García-Rosales Francisco , Kössl Manfred , Hechavarría Julio C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractProcessing of ethologically relevant stimuli could be interfered by non-relevant stimuli. Animals have behavioral adaptations to reduce signal interference. It is largely unexplored whether the behavioral adaptations facilitate neuronal processing of relevant stimuli. Here, we characterize behavioral adaptations in the presence of biotic noise in the echolocating bat Carollia perspicillata and we show that the behavioral adaptations could facilitate neuronal processing of biosonar information. According to the echolocation behavior, bats need to extract their own signals in the presence of vocalizations from conspecifics. With playback experiments, we demonstrate that C. perspicillata increases the sensory acquisition rate by emitting groups of echolocation calls when flying in noisy environments. Our neurophysiological results from the auditory midbrain and cortex show that the high sensory acquisition rate does not vastly increase neuronal suppression and that the response to an echolocation sequence is partially preserved in the presence of biosonar signals from conspecifics.
Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with lung cancer
Authors: Shen Kaini , Xu Yan , Guan Hongzhi , Zhong Wei , Chen Minjiang , Zhao Jing , Li Longyun , Wang Mengzhao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractParaneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) is a rare autoimmune neurological syndrome observed in lung cancer patients. We retrospectively investigated the clinical characteristics, treatment responses, and prognoses in 16 PLE patients who were subsequently diagnosed with lung cancer. Fifteen patients initially presented with disturbance of consciousness, 13 with disorientation, and 12 with seizures. Thirteen patients had autoantibodies, including eight with gamma aminobutyric acid B receptor (GABABR) antibodies and eight with Hu antibodies. PET-CT revealed lung neoplasms in 13 patients, nine of whom exhibited abnormal metabolic activity in the temporal lobe and hippocampus. Fifteen cases were confirmed as limited-stage small cell lung cancer and one as stage IV large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Eleven patients received immunomodulatory therapy, and four showed neurological improvement, who all had antibodies against GABABR. Fifteen patients received chemotherapy, of which 14 maintained or improved their PLE status. The overall cancer response rate was 75%, and two-year overall survival was 74.7%. Our results suggest patients with GABAB encephalitis might respond better to immunotherapy than the classical PLE patients with anti-Hu antibodies. Anti-cancer treatment could further improve neurological symptoms. Lung cancer patients with PLE, especially those in limited stage, might have better outcome due to earlier diagnosis and prompt anti-cancer treatment.
Strong contributions of local background climate to the cooling effect of urban green vegetation
Authors: Yu Zhaowu , Xu Shaobin , Zhang Yuhan , Jørgensen Gertrud , Vejre Henrik 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUtilization of urban green vegetation (UGV) has been recognized as a promising option to mitigate urban heat island (UHI) effect. While we still lack understanding of the contributions of local background climate to the cooling effect of UGV. Here we proposed and employed a cooling effect framework and selected eight typical cities located in Temperate Monsoon Climate (TMC) and Mediterranean Climate (MC) demonstrate that local climate condition largely affects the cooling effect of UGV. Specifically, we found increasing (artificial) rainfall and irrigation contribute to improving the cooling intensity of grassland in both climates, particularly in the hot-dry environment. The cities with high relative humidity would restrict the cooling effect of UGV. Increasing wind speed would significantly enhance the tree-covered while weakening the grass-covered UGVs’ cooling effect in MC cities. We also identified that, in order to achieve the most effective cooling with the smallest sized tree-covered UGV, the area of trees in both climate zones’ cities should generally be planned around 0.5 ha. The method and results enhance understanding of the cooling effect of UGVs on larger (climate) scales and provide important insights for UGV planning and management.
Strain relaxation via formation of cracks in compositionally modulated two-dimensional semiconductor alloys
Authors: Taghinejad Hossein , Eftekhar Ali A. , Campbell Philip M. , Beatty Brian , Taghinejad Mohammad , Zhou Yao , Perini Christopher J. , Moradinejad Hesam , Henderson Walter E. , Woods Eric V. , Zhang Xiang , Ajayan Pulickel , Reed Evan J. , Vogel Eric M. , Adibi Ali 
Published: April 2018

AbstractComposition modulation of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has introduced an enticing prospect for the synthesis of Van der Waals alloys and lateral heterostructures with tunable optoelectronic properties. Phenomenologically, the optoelectronic properties of alloys are entangled to a strain that is intrinsic to synthesis processes. Here, we report an unprecedented biaxial strain that stems from the composition modulation of monolayer TMD alloys (e.g., MoS2xSe2(1 - x)) and inflicts fracture on the crystals. We find that the starting crystal (MoSe2) fails to adjust its lattice constant as the atoms of the host crystal (selenium) are replaced by foreign atoms (sulfur) during the alloying process. Thus, the resulting alloy forms a stretched lattice and experiences a large biaxial tensile strain. Our experiments show that the biaxial strain relaxes via formation of cracks in interior crystal domains or through less constraint bounds at the edge of the monolayer alloys. Griffith’s criterion suggests that defects combined with a sulfur-rich environment have the potential to significantly reduce the critical strain at which cracking occurs. Our calculations demonstrate a substantial reduction in fracture-inducing critical strain from 11% (in standard TMD crystals) to a range below 4% in as-synthesized alloys.
Mindin deficiency in macrophages protects against foam cell formation and atherosclerosis by targeting LXR-β
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Qin Juan-Juan , Gong Fu-Han , Tong Jing-Jing , Cheng Wen-Lin , Wang Haiping , Zhang Yan , Zhu Xueyong , She Zhi-Gang , Xia Hao , Zhu Li-Hua 
Published: April 2018

Mindin, which is a highly conserved extracellular matrix protein, has been documented to play pivotal roles in regulating angiogenesis, inflammatory processes, and immune responses. The aim of the present study was to assess whether mindin contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. A significant up-regulation of Mindin expression was observed in the serum, arteries and atheromatous plaques of ApoE−/− mice after high-fat diet treatment. Mindin−/−ApoE−/− mice and macrophage-specific mindin overexpression in ApoE−/− mice (Lyz2-mindin-TG) were generated to evaluate the effect of mindin on the development of atherosclerosis. The Mindin−/−ApoE−/− mice exhibited significantly ameliorated atherosclerotic burdens in the entire aorta and aortic root and increased atherosclerotic plaque stability. Moreover, bone marrow transplantation further demonstrated that mindin deficiency in macrophages was largely responsible for the alleviated atherogenesis. The Lyz2-mindin-TG mice exhibited the opposite phenotype. Mindin deficiency enhanced foam cell formation by increasing the expression of cholesterol effectors, including ABCA1 and ABCG1. The mechanistic study indicated that mindin ablation promoted LXR-β expression via a direct interaction. Importantly, LXR-β inhibition largely reversed the ameliorating effect of mindin deficiency on foam cell formation and ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression. The present study demonstrated that mindin deficiency serves as a novel mediator that protects against foam cell formation and atherosclerosis by directly interacting with LXR-β.
Physical parameters and ±0.2% parallax of the detached eclipsing binary V923 Scorpii
Authors: Pribulla T. , Mérand A. , Kervella P. , Cameron C. , Deen C. , Garcia P. J. V. , Horrobin M. , Matthews J. M. , Moffat A. F. J. , Pfuhl O. , Rucinski S. M. , Straub O. , Weiss W. W. 
Published: April 2018

Context. V923 Sco is a bright (V = 5.91), nearby (π = 15.46 ± 0.40 mas) southern eclipsing binary. Because both components are slow rotators, the minimum masses of the components are known with 0.2% precision from spectroscopy. The system seems ideal for very precise mass, radius, and luminosity determinations and, owing to its proximity and long orbital period (~34.8 days), promises to be resolved with long-baseline interferometry.
Aims. The principal aim is very accurate determinations of absolute stellar parameters for both components of the eclipsing binary and a model-independent determination of the distance.
Methods. New high-precision photometry of both eclipses of V923 Sco with the MOST satellite was obtained. The system was spatially resolved with the VLTI AMBER, PIONIER, and GRAVITY instruments at nine epochs. Combining the projected size of the spectroscopic orbit (in km) and visual orbit (in mas) the distance to the system is derived. Simultaneous analysis of photometric, spectroscopic, and interferometric data was performed to obtain a robust determination of the absolute parameters.
Results. Very precise absolute parameters of the components were derived in spite of the parameter correlations. The primary component is found to be overluminous for its mass. Combining spectroscopic and interferometric observations enabled us to determine the distance to V923 Sco with better than 0.2% precision, which provides a stringent test of Gaia parallaxes.
Conclusions. It is shown that combining spectroscopic and interferometric observations of nearby eclipsing binaries can lead to extremely accurate parallaxes and stellar parameters.
Search for Galactic runaway stars using Gaia Data Release 1 and HIPPARCOS proper motions
Authors: Maíz Apellániz J. , Pantaleoni González M. , Barbá R. H. , Simón-Díaz S. , Negueruela I. , Lennon D. J. , Sota A. , Trigueros Páez E. 
Published: April 2018

Context. The first Gaia Data Release (DR1) significantly improved the previously available proper motions for the majority of the Tycho-2 stars.
Aims. We wish to detect runaway stars using Gaia DR1 proper motions and compare our results with previous searches.
Methods. Runaway O stars and BA supergiants were detected using a 2D proper motion method. The sample was selected using Simbad, spectra from our GOSSS project, literature spectral types, and photometry processed using the code CHORIZOS.
Results. We detect 76 runaway stars, 17 (possibly 19) of them with no prior identification as such, with an estimated detection rate of approximately one half of the real runaway fraction. An age effect appears to be present, with objects of spectral subtype B1 and later having traveled for longer distances than runaways of earlier subtypes. We also tentatively propose that the fraction of runaways is lower among BA supergiants that among O stars, but further studies using future Gaia data releases are needed to confirm this. The frequency of fast rotators is high among runaway O stars, which indicates that a significant fraction of them (and possibly the majority) is produced in supernova explosions.
Comparison of the Pharmacokinetic Profiles of a Standardized Extract of Centella asiatica and A Mixture of Madecassoside and Asiaticoside in Rats
Authors: Khemawoot Phisit , Hengjumrut Patcharaporn , Anukunwithaya Tosapol , Chang Leng , Wongwiwatthananukit Supakit , Tantisira Mayuree 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Centella asiatica is a tropical plant commonly used as an herbal remedy in traditional medicines in many countries. In an attempt to establish an herbal extract with well-defined characteristics, a standardized extract of C. Asiatica, ECa 233, was developed. This extract contains at least 80% triterpenoid glycosides with the major constituents madecassoside and asiaticoside at a ratio of 1.5±0.5:1. In the present study, comparative pharmacokinetics of ECa 233 with its mixture of madecassoside and asiaticoside were conducted in rats. Following intravenous or oral administration of the test compounds, blood, tissues, urine, and feces were collected for the determination of madecassoside, asiaticoside, and their metabolite levels using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma levels of madecassoside and asiaticoside in the ECa 233-treated group were found to be higher than their respective counterparts in the mixture. Madecassoside and asiaticoside in both test formulae appeared to be widely distributed in several organs, and more than 50% of the administered doses were recovered as madecassic acid and asiatic acid in the feces within 24 to 48 h. The results clearly demonstrated the pharmacokinetic advantage of a standardized extract of C. Asiatica, ECa 233, compared with a mixture of madecassoside and asiaticoside at an equivalent amount. Other minor constituents that naturally exist in ECa 233 appeared to positively modulate the pharmacokinetics of its major constituents, resulting in relatively better pharmacokinetic profiles than those from a mixture of pure compounds.
Chronic Nerve Compression Accelerates the Progression of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in a Rat Model: A Study of Gene Expression Profiling
Authors: Tu Yiji , Chen Zenggan , Hu Junda , Ding Zuoyou , Lineaweaver William , Dellon A. , Zhang Feng 
Published: April 2018

Objective This article investigates the role of chronic nerve compression in the progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) by gene expression profiling.
Methods Chronic nerve compression was created in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by wrapping a silicone tube around the sciatic nerve (SCN). Neurological deficits were evaluated using pain threshold test, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), and histopathologic examination. Differentially expressed genes (DGEs) and metabolic processes associated with chronic nerve compression were analyzed.
Results Significant changes in withdrawal threshold and MNCV were observed in diabetic rats 6 weeks after diabetes induction, and in DPN rats 4 weeks after diabetes induction. Histopathologic examination of the SCN in DPN rats presented typical changes of myelin degeneration in DPN. Function analyses of DEGs demonstrated that biological processes related to inflammatory response, extracellular matrix component, and synaptic transmission were upregulated after diabetes induction, and chronic nerve compression further enhanced those changes. While processes related to lipid and glucose metabolism, response to insulin, and apoptosis regulation were inhibited after diabetes induction, chronic nerve compression further enhanced these inhibitions.
Conclusion Our study suggests that additional silicone tube wrapping on the SCN of rat with diabetes closely mimics the course and pathologic findings of human DPN. Further studies are needed to verify the effectiveness of this rat model of DPN and elucidate the roles of the individual genes in the progression of DPN.
Pre-Clinical Model to Study Recurrent Venous Thrombosis in the Inferior Vena Cava
Authors: Andraska Elizabeth , Luke Catherine , Elfline Megan , Henke Samuel , Madapoosi Siddharth , Metz Allan , Hoinville Megan , Wakefield Thomas , Henke Peter , Diaz Jose 
Published: April 2018

Background Patients undergoing deep vein thrombosis (VT) have over 30% recurrence, directly increasing their risk of post-thrombotic syndrome. Current murine models of inferior vena cava (IVC) VT model host one thrombosis event.
Objective We aimed to develop a murine model to study IVC recurrent VT in mice.
Materials and Methods An initial VT was induced using the electrolytic IVC model (EIM) with constant blood flow. This approach takes advantage of the restored vein lumen 21 days after a single VT event in the EIM demonstrated by ultrasound. We then induced a second VT 21 days later, using either EIM or an IVC ligation model for comparison. The control groups were a sham surgery and, 21 days later, either EIM or IVC ligation. IVC wall and thrombus were harvested 2 days after the second insult and analysed for IVC and thrombus size, gene expression of fibrotic markers, histology for collagen and Western blot for citrullinated histone 3 (Cit-H3) and fibrin.
Results Ultrasound confirmed the first VT and its progressive resolution with an anatomical channel allowing room for the second thrombus by day 21. As compared with a primary VT, recurrent VT has heavier walls with significant up-regulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), elastin, interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), MMP2 and a thrombus with high citrullinated histone-3 and fibrin content.
Conclusion Experimental recurrent thrombi are structurally and compositionally different from the primary VT, with a greater pro-fibrotic remodelling vein wall profile. This work provides a VT recurrence IVC model that will help to improve the current understanding of the biological mechanisms and directed treatment of recurrent VT.
Gezielte Therapieplanung bei traumatischen Nervenläsionen mittels MR-Neurographie
Authors: Bergmeister Konstantin D , Schönle Philipp , Böcker Arne Hendrik , Kronlage Moritz , Godel Tim , Daeschler Simeon , Bendszus Martin , Kneser Ulrich , Harhaus Leila , Schwarz Daniel 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die korrekte Diagnose und Lokalisation von peripheren Nervenläsionen ist essentiell für die Wahl der richtigen Therapie in der peripheren
Nervenchirurgie. Vor allem Substanzdefekte müssen erkannt werden um eine frühe Wiederherstellung zu ermöglichen und Langzeitschäden zu verhindern. Neueste
Entwicklungen in der MR-Neurographie können detaillierte Informationen über Morphologie und zukünftig möglicherweise sogar die Funktionalität eines Nervs in
Relation zu umgebenden Strukturen liefern. In dieser Fallserie stellen wir Kasuistiken vor, die signifikant von einer erweiterten Diagnostik per MR-Neurographie
profitierten.
Methodik Wir zeigen den klinischen Verlauf von 5 exemplarischen Fällen, die sich mit traumatischen Nervenläsion vorstellten und mittels ergänzender
MR-Neurographie einem konklusiven Therapiekonzept zugeführt wurden. Das Ausmaß der Schädigung sowie die Nervenintegrität wurden mittels speziell hochauflösender
MR-Sequenzen evaluiert und mit den klinischen, z. T. intraoperativen, neurophysiologischen sowie sonographischen Befunden korreliert.
Ergebnisse In zwei Fällen konnte trotz pathologischer Elektroneurographie und nicht eindeutigen Sonographiebefunden aufgrund der in der MR-Diagnostik
erwiesenen Nervenintegrität erfolgreich eine konservative Therapie durchgeführt werden. In drei Fällen ermöglichte die MR-Neurographie die präzise Bestimmung
von Art und Lokalisation der Nervenläsionen, sodass anschließend eine zielgerichtete Nervenrekonstruktion erfolgen konnte.
Diskussion Obwohl noch keine systematischen klinischen Analysen vorliegen, konnten unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die MR-Neurographie traumatische
periphere Nervenläsionen korrekt diagnostizieren und lokalisieren kann. Hierdurch ermöglicht die MR-Neurographie eine verbesserte Diagnostik und somit
Therapieplanung in der Nervenchirurgie. Das Risikoprofil ist identisch zu konventionellen MR-Untersuchungen, jedoch ist die Implementierung von notwendiger
Hard- und Software sowie klinisch-radiologischer Expertise (noch) nicht flächendeckend verfügbar.
Schlussfolgerung Die MR-Neurographie liefert entscheidende Informationen über die Art der Nervenläsion und kann somit die Notwendigkeit einer Operation
sowie die passende OP-Strategie identifizieren.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in a reef-building coral
Authors: Cleves Phillip A. , Strader Marie E. , Bay Line K. , Pringle John R. , Matz Mikhail V. 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceCoral reefs are biodiversity hotspots of great ecological, economic, and aesthetic importance. Their global decline due to climate change and other anthropogenic stressors has increased the urgency to understand the molecular bases of various aspects of coral biology, including the interactions with algal symbionts and responses to stress. Recent genomic and transcriptomic studies have yielded many hypotheses about genes that may be important in such processes, but rigorous testing of these hypotheses will require the generation of mutations affecting these genes. Here, we demonstrate the efficient production of mutations in three target genes using the recently developed CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technique. By clarifying aspects of basic coral biology, such genetic approaches should also provide a more solid foundation for coral-conservation efforts.
Numerical analysis of the energy-dependent radiative transfer equation
Authors: Czuprynski Kenneth , Eichholz Joseph , Han Weimin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The energy-dependent form of the radiative transfer equation (RTE) is important in a variety of applications. In a previous paper the well-posedness and an energy discretization for the energy-dependent RTE were investigated. In this paper the fully discrete scheme is introduced and analysed. Optimal-order error estimates and a well-posedness analysis of the discrete system are provided. The theoretical results are validated through numerical examples.