bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nothotylenchus andrassy n. sp. (Nematoda: Anguinidae) from Northern Iran
Authors: Jalalinasab Parisa , Hosseini Mohsen Nassaj , Heydari Ramin 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Nothotylenchus andrassy n. sp. is described and illustrated from moss (Sphagnum sp.) based on morphology and molecular analyses. Morphologically, this new species is characterized by a medium body size, six incisures in the lateral fields, and a delicate stylet (8–9 µm long) with clearly defined knobs. Pharynx with fusiform, valveless, non-muscular and sometimes indistinct median bulb. Basal pharyngeal bulb elongated and offset from the intestine; a long post-vulval uterine sac (55% of vulva to anus distance); and elongate, conical tail with pointed tip. Nothotylenchus andrassy n. sp. is morphologically similar to five known species of the genus, namely Nothotylenchus geraerti, Nothotylenchus medians, Nothotylenchus affinis, Nothotylenchus buckleyi, and Nothotylenchus persicus. The results of molecular analysis of rRNA gene sequences, including the D2–D3 expansion region of 28S rRNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA and partial 18S rRNA gene are provide for the new species.
Description of Gracilacus paralatescens n. sp. (Nematoda:Paratylenchinae) found from the rhizosphere of Bamboo in Zhejiang, China
Authors: Maria Munawar , Cai Ruihang , Ye Weimin , Powers Thomas O. , Zheng Jingwu 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Gracilacus paralatescens n. sp., isolated in Anji County, Zhejiang Province, China from the rhizospheric soil of bamboo. The new species can be characterized by the female lateral field with three incisures, stylet 71.5 to 78.8 µm long, lip region truncated, excretory pore located anterior to basal knobs. Vulval lips non-protruding and without vulval flap, spermatheca large, elongated squarish shaped filled with sperms. Tail slender, relatively straight having wedge shape terminus. The spicule slender, slightly curved and 17.5 to 18.9 µm long. In the phylogenetic analysis based on 18S, D2-D3 of 28S and ITS regions of rDNA, the new species is clustered with Paratylenchid species having longer stylet length. Morphologically, the new species belongs to Group 9 of Paratylenchus sensu lato and is most similar to G. latescens.
Broad-based root-knot nematode resistance identified in cowpea gene-pool two
Authors: Ndeve Arsenio D. , Matthews William C. , Santos Jansen R. P. , Huynh Bao Lam , Roberts Philip A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is an affordable source of protein and strategic legume crop for food security in Africa and other developing regions; however, damage from infection by root-knot nematodes (RKN) suppresses cowpea yield. The deployment through breeding of resistance gene Rk in cowpea cultivars has provided protection to cowpea growers worldwide for many years. However, occurrence of more aggressive nematode isolates threatens the effectiveness of this monogenic resistance. A cowpea germplasm collection of 48 genotypes representing the cowpea gene-pool from Eastern and Southern Africa (cowpea has two major pools of genetic resources – Western Africa and Eastern/Southern Africa) was screened in replicated experiments under field, greenhouse and controlled-growth conditions to identify resistance to RKN, to determine the spectrum of resistance to RKN, the relative virulence (VI) among RKN species and isolates, and the relationship between root-galling (RG) and egg-mass production (EM). Analysis of variance of data for RG and EM per root system identified seven genotypes with broad-based resistance to Meloidogyne javanica (Mj), avirulent (Avr-Mi), and virulent (Mi) M. incognita isolates. Two of the 48 genotypes exhibited specific resistance to both Mi isolates. Most of the genotypes were resistant to Avr-Mi indicating predominance of Rk gene in the collection. Based on RG data, both Mj (VI = 50%) and Mi (VI = 42%) were fourfold more virulent than Avr-Mi (VI = 12%). Resistant genotypes had more effective resistance than the Rk-based resistance in cowpea genotype CB46 against Mj and Mi. Root-galling was correlated across isolates (Avr-Mi/Mj: r = 0.72; Mi/Mj: r = 0.98), and RG was correlated with EM (r = 0.60), indicating resistance to RG and EM is under control by the same genetic factors. These new sources of resistance identified in cowpea gene-pool two provide valuable target traits for breeders to improve cowpea production on RKN-infested fields.
Effects of vermicompost water extract prepared from bamboo and kudzu against Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis
Authors: You Xiaodong , Tojo Motoaki , Ching Shelby , Wang Koon-Hui 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A series of experiments in laboratory, greenhouse, and field were conducted to compare the nematode suppressive effect of vermicompost tea (VCT) prepared from vermicompost with moso-bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz.) and kudzu (Pueraria lobata (Willd) Ohwi) as feed stock (weed VCT) to that prepared from vegetable food waste (vegetable VCT) against Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis. Two laboratory trials were conducted by incubating eggs of M. incognita and R. reniformis in weed VCT or vegetable VCT over 1 wk. These trials revealed that although both VCTs suppressed M. incognita egg hatching compared to water control, only weed VCT suppressed R. reniformis egg hatching. In addition, both VCTs suppressed the mobility of second stage juveniles (J2s) of M. incognita equally compared to water control though suppression from weed VCT performed inconsistently between the trials. When root penetration of M. incognita on cucumber drenched with VCT on one side of a split-root system in a greenhouse sterile sand-soil mix was examined, weed VCT suppressed root penetration of M. incognita on the other side of the root in two trials, but vegetable VCT was only effective in one trial. However, both VCTs did not suppress R. reniformis root penetration. When the effect of the VCTs was examined in two cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) field trials, drenching of VCTs did not affect cowpea growth and yield, but weed VCT reduced root-gall index compared to the water control in both trials. Although both VCTs did not reduce the number of M. incognita and R. reniformis in soil, weed VCT did increase omnivorous nematodes in the second trial, indicating a gradual improvement of soil food web structure through VCT drenching over time. Overall, performance of weed VCT was more consistent than vegetable VCT for plant-parasitic nematodes suppression.
Reference Values for Glittre Activities of the Daily Living Test in Healthy Subjects Among Indian Population- A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Paul Falguni , Alaparthi Gopala Krishna , Krishnan Shyam , Ramakrishna Anand , Acharya Vishak , Acharya Pretham 
Published: January 2019

Background:
The Glittre ADL test was done to assess the functional capacity of patients
with COPD. 6 MWT was used to check for functional capacity, but there was a limitation of upper
limb work or activities other than walking.

Objective:
To develop reference equations for Glittre ADL test on the basis of anthropometric and
demographic variables in healthy individual among Indian population.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted with 423 healthy participants of either gender
between 20-70 years. Participants were divided into 5 groups based on age. Each participant
underwent anthropometric assessment & two glitter ADL tests. Two out of the best performance out
of two was considered and the minimum time spend was taken.

Results:
The mean time spent by males in different age groups was 20-30 years 3.18±0.56, 30-40
years 3.36±0.17, 40-50 years 3.46±0.18, 50-60 years 3.53±0.15, 60-70 years 4.02±0.27.For females
in different age groups the mean time was 20-30 years 3.31±0.14, 30-40 years 3.41±0.13, 40-50
years 3.48±0.13, 50-60 years 3.75±0.28, 60-70 years 4.30±0.19. Equation 1 : Glittre ADL-test
predicted =3.399+(0.018×age years)+(-0.004×height cm), Equation 2 : Glittre ADL-test predicted
=2.805+(-0.002× BMI)+(0.018×age year).

Conclusion:
The reference equations for the time to complete the Glittre ADL-test were based on
age, BMI, height as independent variables and can be useful for predicting the performance of adult
individuals.
Combat Military Personnel and Selective Risk Factors for the Development of Dementias - A Review
Authors: Klimova Blanka , Maresova Petra , Kuca Kamil 
Published: January 2019

:
Due to the growth of life expectancies and the increasing number of elderly population all
over the world, there is a risk of growth of aging diseases such as dementia. Recent research studies
also indicate that there will be a growing number of military veterans who will be affected by dementia,
already at the age of 55+ years. In the case of combat military personnel, the most common
dementias are Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. These two dementias are very similar
because their main symptoms are the same. The purpose of this review is to explore two main risk
factors influencing the development of the dementias. These include posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Furthermore, the authors of this study focus on the exploration
of the treatment of PTSD and TBI in order to delay the development of dementias among
combat military personnel.

:
For the purpose of this study, a method of literature review of available sources exploring these two
main risk factors of dementia among combat military personnel was used. Based on the evaluation
of these literature sources, possibilities of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to
the treatment and care of these people were described.
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Extract Affects Plasma Lipid Metabolism and Hepatic Macrophage Infiltration in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Mukai Yuuka , Kataoka Saori , Sato Shin 
Published: January 2019

Background:Chronic hyperglycemia is known to be a high-risk factor for progressive chronic liver diseases, such as abnormal lipid metabolism. The activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has a beneficial effect on dyslipidemia. Polyphenols derived from various plants are involved in AMPK activation.Objective:We investigated the effects of polyphenol-containing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) extract (SE) on plasma lipid metabolism and macrophage infiltration, and measured the expression and phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in diabetic rat livers.Methods:Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received 0, 50, or 250 mg/kg of SE orally for 4 weeks. Blood chemistry, total and phosphorylated protein levels of AMPK and ACC, sterol regulatory element- binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA and protein levels, and macrophage infiltration in the livers were examined.Results:Plasma glucose and triacylglycerol levels, which were increased in the untreated diabetic rats, were significantly lower in the 250 mg/kg SE-treated diabetic rats. AMPK and ACC phosphorylation levels were significantly increased in the 250 mg/kg SE-treated diabetic rats compared with those in the untreated rats. There was no difference in the hepatic expression of SREBP-1c between the diabetic rat groups. Macrophage infiltration in the liver was suppressed by 250 mg/kg of SEtreatment.Conclusion:These data suggest that SE treatment may affect plasma lipid metabolism and chronic inflammation by upregulating phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in diabetic rat livers.
Copeptin in Preeclampsia Development
Authors: Govender Nalini , Moodley Jagidesa , Naicker Thajasvarie 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Preeclampsia complicates 2-8% of all pregnancies worldwide and is one of
the leading causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It occurs after the 20th week of
gestation and is characterized by high blood pressure, proteinuria or end-organ disease. The heterogeneous
and multi-systemic nature of this disease has led to the elusive pathophysiology which
delays timely diagnoses and the clinical treatment of those affected.

Objective:
Despite the extensive investigations surrounding the inclusion of various potential markers
for PE prediction, early diagnosis remains unresolved. Quantification of copeptin, a stable component
of the arginine vasopressin (AVP) precursor is shown to be relatively reliable in confirming
the circulating levels of AVP.

Conclusion:
Elevated copeptin levels confirmed in pregnant women have also provided clinical
support for its role in PE development. However, its clinical use in predicting disease severity in
early-onset pre-eclampsia has been debatable. This review thus recapitulates the current literature
surrounding copeptin and its potential as a risk indicator for PE development.</P>
A Novel Approach on Review of Herbal Menstrual Cramps Relievers
Authors: Pal Rashmi Saxena , Pal Yogendra , Wal Pranay , Saraswat Nikita , Wal Ankita 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Menstrual cramps is the occurrence of labor-like pain in the lower abdomen,
accompanied by symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache and dizziness. A natural
approach towards the treatment of painful menstruation is the need of the hour to be imparted in
mind/body practices to be considered for long-term relief from the pain of menstrual cramp forever.

Objective:
The current research is aimed at the review of the various aspects of plant alternates
serving in different ways to relieve the cramps occurring in menstruation.

Materials and Methods:
The herbal alternates as relievers were categorized on the basis of the respective
role being played by them as nutritional supplements, analgesics, anti-inflammatory and as
aromatherapy agents.

Results:
There are various plant sources which are mild as well as effective relievers of menstrual
cramps. This review highlights the various plants which have been proven to be useful in dealing
with the various issues of painful menstruation. They deal with all the complications and issues,
arising during this time.

Conclusion:
These herbs are a potent source of active medicaments that strengthens the body to
overcome the cramps and pain occurring in menstruation. The demand of the present hour is to rely
on the beneficial effects of various herbs, which relieve these complications in the most soothing
and efficacious manner.
Evaluation of Ovaries in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome using Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: Altunkeser Aysegul , Inal Zeynep Ozturk , Baran Nahide 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Shear wave electrography (SWE) is a novel non-invasive imaging technique
which demonstrate tissue elasticity. Recent research evaluating the elasticity properties of
normal and pathological tissues emphasize the diagnostic importance of this technique.

Aims:
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which is characterized by menstrual irregularity, hyperandrogenism,
and polycystic overgrowth, may cause infertility. The aim of this study was to
evaluate the elasticity of ovaries in patients with PCOS using SWE.

Methods:
66 patients diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria (PCOS = group I)
and 72 patients with non-PCOS (Control = group II), were included in the study. Demographic and
clinical characteristics of the participants were recorded. Ovarian elasticity was assessed in all patients
with SWE, and speed values were obtained from the ovaries. The elasticity of the ovaries
was compared between the two groups.

Results:
While there were statistically significant differences between the groups in body mass index
(BMI), right and left ovarian volumes, luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels (p<0.05),
no significant differences were found between groups I and II in the velocity (for the right ovary
3.89±1.81 vs. 2.93±0.72, p=0.301; for the left ovary 2.88±0.65 vs. 2.95±0.80, p=0.577) and elastography
(for the right ovary 36.62±17.78 vs. 36.79±14.32, p=0.3952; for the left ovary 36.56±14.15
vs. 36.26±15.10, p=0.903) values, respectively.

Conclusion:
We could not obtain different velocity and elastography values from the ovaries of the
patients with PCOS using SWE. Therefore, further large-scale studies are needed to elucidate this
issue.
Recent Advances in Cone-beam CT in Oral Medicine
Authors: Maret Delphine , Vergnes Jean-Noel , Peters Ove A. , Peters Christine , Nasr Karim , Monsarrat Paul 
Published: January 2019

Background:
The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) technology has continuously
evolved since its appearance in oral medicine in the early 2000s.

Objective:
To present recent advances in CBCT in oral medicine: i) selection of recent and consensual
evidence-based sources, ii) structured summary of the information based on an iterative
framework and iii) compliance with ethical, public health and patient-centered concerns.

Main Findings:
We will focus on technological advances, such as sensors and reconstruction algorithms
used to improve the constant quality of the image and dosimetry. CBCT examination is now
performed in almost all disciplines of oral medicine: currently, the main clinical disciplines that use
CBCT acquisitions are endodontics and oral surgery, with clearly defined indications. Periodontology
and ear, nose and throat medicine are more recent fields of application. For a given application
and indication, the smallest possible field of view must be used. One of the major challenges in
contemporary healthcare is ensuring that technological developments do not take precedence over
admitted standards of care. The entire volume should be reviewed in full, with a systematic approach.
All findings are noted in the patient’s record and explained to the patient, including incidental
findings. This presupposes the person reviewing the images is sufficiently trained to interpret
such images, inform the patient and organize the clinical pathway, with referrals to other
medical or oral medicine specialties as needed.

Conclusion:
A close collaboration between dentists, medical physicists, radiologists, radiographers
and engineers is critical for all aspects of CBCT technology.
Self-microemulsion Technology for Water-insoluble Drug Delivery
Authors: Yan Beibei , Gu Yu , Zhao Juan , Liu Yangyang , Wang Lulu , Wang Yancai 
Published: January 2019

:
According to the drug discovery, approximately 40% of the new chemical entities show
poor bioavailability due to their low aqueous solubility. In order to increase the solubility of the
drugs, self-micro emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) are considered as an ideal technology
for enhancing the permeability of poorly soluble drugs in GI membranes. The SMEDDS are also
generally used to enhance the oral bioavailability of the hydrophobic drugs. At present, most of the
self-microemulsion drugs are liquid dosage forms, which could cause some disadvantages, such as
the low bioavailability of the traditional liquid SMEDDS. Therefore, solid self-micro emulsifying
drug delivery systems (S-SMEDDS) have emerged widely in recent years, which were prepared by
solidifying a semi-solid or liquid self-emulsifying (SE) ingredient into a powder in order to improve
stability, treatment and patient compliance. The article gives a comprehensive introduction of the
study of SMEDDS which could effectively tackle the problem of the water-insoluble drug, especially
the development of solidification technology of SMEDDS. Finally, the present challenges and the
prospects in this field were also discussed.
Recent Patent on a Tree-type Cylindrical-shaped Nanoporous Filtering Membrane
Authors: Zhang Yongbin 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Nanoporous filtering membranes can be used for super purification including
a liquid-liquid separation. It is the aim of engineers to design these membranes with good filtration
capabilities, high fluxes and satisfying mechanical strengths. Realistic membranes need to have
a balance among these performances to achieve satisfactory overall performances.

Objective:
The study aims to show a tree-type cylindrical-shaped nanoporous filtering membrane
with good characteristics.

Methods:
According to the principle of the nanotube tree for transportation presented previously,
here the design method of a tree-type cylindrical shaped nanoporous filtering membrane is presented
and the flow resistances of this membrane have been calculated for varying operational parameter
values.

Results:
It is shown that the invented membrane possesses nanoscale filtration pores and larger
flow-resistance-reducing pores. These pores are densely evenly distributed on the membrane surface.
The membrane practically has a low flow resistance and thus a high flux if its thickness is as
small as possible. It can also be used for a liquid-liquid separation if the mixed liquids have largely
different interactions with the pore walls of the membrane.

Conclusion:
By an appropriate design, the invented membrane has a good overall performance including
the capabilities of super purification or a liquid-liquid separation, the high flux and a satisfactory
mechanical strength.
An Intelligent Resource Manager Over Terrorism Knowledge Base
Authors: Patel Archana , Sharma Abhisek , Jain Sarika 
Published: January 2019

:The complex and chaotic crisis created by terrorism demands for situation awareness which is possible with the proposed Indian Terrorism Knowledge Treasure (ITKT).Objective:This work is an effort at creating the largest comprehensive knowledge base of terrorism and related activities, people and agencies involved, and extremist movements; and providing a platform to the society, the government and the military personnel in order to combat the evolving threat of the global menace terrorism.Methods:For representing knowledge of the domain semantically, an ontology has been used in order to better integrate data and information from multiple heterogeneous sources. An Indian Terrorism Knowledge Base is created consisting of information about past terrorist attacks, actions taken at time of those attacks, available resources and more. An Indian Terrorism Resource Manager is conceived comprising of various use cases catering to searching a specified keyword for its description, navigating the complete knowledge base of Indian Terrorism and finding any answers to any type of queries pertaining to terrorism.Results:The managerial implications of this work are two-fold. All the involved parties, i.e., the government officials, military, police, emergency personnel, fire department, NGOs, media, public etc will be better informed in case of emergency and will be able to communicate with each other; hence improving situation awareness and providing decision support.
The Materiality of the Pedagogical Encounter
Authors: Barreiro Jacky , Driussi Lori 
Published: January 2019

Pedagogical analyses have traditionally centered on teachers and students. Some approaches, like Reggio Emilia have moved beyond the binary to include the environment as a third entity. While including the environment is, no doubt, important in recognizing the composition of pedagogical encounters, we propose to expand our understanding of pedagogical encounters further to include the actors whose agency might be playing a role in their conceptualization. Drawing on Bruno Latour’s Actor-Network Theory and related educational scholarship, we examine the materiality of a pedagogical encounter and consider all those varied and diverse entities, their associations, and accorded agency, that bring them into being and have implications in the becoming of students. The point of understanding pedagogical encounters from an ANT perspective is that it allows us to challenge taken-for-granted notions about what pedagogical encounters entail and the becoming of students within them.
The Engrammetron: Establishing an Educational Neuroscience Laboratory
Authors: Campbell Stephen R. , Bigdeli Shoaleh , Handscomb Kerry , Kanehara Stan , MacAllister Ken , Patten Kathryn E. , Robb Arlene , Shipulina Olga , Siddo Radcliffe A. , Stone Jacob 
Published: January 2019

This article chronicles the background, conception, design, and development
of the ENGRAMMETRON, a new Educational Neuroscience Laboratory in the
Faculty of Education at Simon Fraser University, established for new
opportunities and directions in educational research.