bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation in research article introductions in the Social Sciences written by English as a lingua franca and
English native users
Authors: Lafuente-Millán Enrique 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The present paper investigates cultural and linguistic differences in the use of evaluation in Research Article (RA)
introductions in the Social Sciences. To do this a corpus of published RA introductions written by English as a Native
Language (ENL) researchers was compared with a corpus of introductions extracted from RAs manuscripts written by
English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) users as part of the Sci-ELF corpus. The texts were analysed manually and several
parameters of evaluation were identified, which made the classification of evaluative acts possible. The results
revealed introductions by ELF writers do not comply with the CARS structure and show peculiar rhetorical and
evaluative features which diverge from the Anglo-Saxon rhetorical patterns typically used by ENL writers.
Processing delays
Authors: Koring Loes , van de Koot Hans 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
An eye-tracking experiment using the Visual World Paradigm (VWP) shows that in on-line sentence processing in English the argument of an unaccusative verb reactivates late after verb offset. In contrast to previous studies, this VWP experiment establishes the exact time course of this effect, which matches the time course previously found for Dutch, despite differences in word order between the two languages. Furthermore, it uncovers an early reactivation of the argument of unergative verbs that has previously gone unnoticed. Such an effect has previously been observed for Dutch, but not for English. Moreover, the effect seems to occur earlier in English than in Dutch. We suggest that this difference may be due to the more rigid word order of English, which provides the parser with more informative cues.
Modal particle or emerging inflection?
Authors: van der Wouden Ton 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Dutch has a construction consisting of a verbal part and something else: ′wɛrksə ‘enjoy your work’ (< werk ‘to work’), ′rujzə ‘enjoy your rowing’ (< roei ‘to row’). According to accepted wisdom, this ‘success imperative’, as it is known in the literature, consists of an imperative and a pronoun ze ‘them’. The paper challenges the standard analysis and investigates two alternatives: an imperative form plus a modal particle, and a verbal stem plus an inflectional ending.
“We have the character of an island nation”
Authors: Wodak Ruth 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
More than five years have passed since former British Prime Minister David Cameron delivered a much acknowledged and controversial speech on 23 January 2013, in respect to the British relationship with the European Union (EU). Europe and the EU are now, of course, facing different challenges than five years ago. The contrasting national and transnational identities which emerge in the so-called “Bloomberg Speech” (BS) imply a nationalistic body-politics which constructs the United Kingdom and England as separate entities contrasted to “the continent”, i.e. Europe. Hence, the BS oscillates between two extremes in its attempt to alternatively observe maximum distance to the EU and some proximity to its economic policies. Moreover, both the topoi of urgency and threat/danger are appealed to – warning the EU that it would suffer under the loss of the United Kingdom, but also warning British voters that Brexit would damage their future and prosperity. This speech can be perceived as the starting point for the referendum on 23 June 2016, which resulted in a tiny majority wanting to leave the EU (“Brexit”). Of course, there is no clear causal connection between the BS and Brexit, but many arguments of the “Remain and Leave campaigns” can be traced to the BS, as well as the huge ambivalence framing Cameron’s position towards the EU.
Disciplining the unwilling
Authors: Rheindorf Markus 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In the context of mediatised politics in general and of recent shifts toward populist agendas in European politics in particular, publicly performed policy changes warrant close analysis. From a discourse-historical perspective, the notion of discourse strands conceptualises such discursive shifts to be studied with corpus-linguistic and qualitative methods. Austrian populist discourse in early 2015 provides a striking example of the normalisation of far-right demands and associated rhetoric with calls for punishing migrants identified as “unwilling to integrate”. Shifting the discussion from (usually assimilationist) criteria to a speculative “willingness”, mediatised politics thus forced public attention on an issue of terminology. Beyond media, this chapter traces the history of associated terms in specialised discourses of legislation, jurisprudence, parliamentary debates and extreme-right agitation.
Mediated campaign debate subgenre and their importance for analytic considerations
Authors: Adams Karen L. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Mediated political debates are among the most widely followed campaign events in the United States, with the bulk of research focusing on presidential and vice-presidential races. A comparison of these debates to those for gubernatorial executive offices proves useful. Non-presidential debates assist in finding greater diversity in party ideology, gender and ethnic identity, and a larger number of candidates in a single debate. Moreover, non-presidential debates exhibit more diverse debate structures given the greater frequency of their occurrence and their design by a wider group of organisations and individuals. Variation in the debate structure and in the number of candidates leads to a differing picture of speaking opportunities and strategies for expressing stance and types of alignment with others.
Reading political minds
Authors: Browse Sam 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Audiences often speculate about why it is politicians behave in the way they do and say the things they say. Indeed, journalists and academics are frequently called upon to decode these behaviours for “lay” audiences. An integral part of “doing” politics is thus to reconstruct the backstage political processes leading to politicians’ frontstage performances (see Wodak 2009). To account for this speculative activity, I draw on Goffman’s (1981) notion of the “production format” of discourse, alongside concepts from cognitive and social psychology, specifically Schema Theory, Attribution Theory and Theory of Mind. To illustrate this interdisciplinary framework, I analyse journalistic reactions to a speech by the British politician and former Labour Party leader Ed Miliband.
“All this is a boon to Britain’s crumbling democracy”
Authors: Schroeter Melani 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This contribution deals with meta-reporting in the 2015 British election campaign. First, the concept of mediatisation and the consequences of mediatisation for political communication will be discussed more generally. Second, the concept of meta-reporting will be introduced as both symptom and consequence of an increased degree of mediatised political communication. Thirdly, based on previous findings, a qualitative analysis of newspaper reporting on the four TV debates during the 2015 election campaign exhibits various elements of meta-reporting. Meta-reporting about these media-initiated and mediatised communicative events includes (a) reporting about spin doctoring, image work and strategies for self-representation of political actors, (b) discussing the media format itself and the media actors involved in them, and (c) the effect of the TV debates on the audience and on voting behaviour. The analysis of meta-reporting about the TV debates indicates both a de-politicisation of political agency and a politicisation of media agency.
Functional similarity despite geographical distance
Authors: König Ekkehard , Li Jingying 
Published: November 2018

German mal is the reduced version of einmal, i.e. of a construction combining the numeral ‘one’ with a noun originally denoting a salient local unit and later salient temporal units (occasions, frequency). The final stage of the development was a process of desemanticization of the frequency use from ‘minimal frequency’ to ‘minimal effort’.
This article pursues the following goals:

to analyze a discourse marker in German (i.e. mal), both diachronically and synchronically, that has never received a coherent and convincing analysis so far and has no clear counterpart in neighboring languages;

to show that a highly similar pattern and target of grammaticalization can be found in Mandarin Chinese (i.e. yíxià);

to argue that similarities in processes of grammaticalization may be due to cognitive principles, rather than to contact or genealogical affiliation.
(Inter)subjectification and paradigmaticization
Authors: Hancil Sylvie 
Published: November 2018

This paper proposes a diachronic analysis of final but in a corpus of Northern English, a dialect where final particles represent a characteristic feature of the grammar. Recently, much emphasis was given to the study of but from a synchronic perpective in American and Australian English. This investigation closes the gap and is pursued in Northern English in the DECTE corpus, extending over a 50 years’ span (1960–2010). The various semantico-pragmatic values are studied diachronically. It is shown that final but undergoes the process of paradigmaticization as it enters into the paradigm of final particles by enriching it with lexical and structural persistence. Besides, the subjective values are evaluated on Traugott and Dasher’s (2002) subjectivity cline.
Of ostriches, pyramids, and Swiss cheese
Authors: Canfora Carmen , Ottmann Angelika 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Risk management for translations is a relatively new topic in translation science. Damages caused by translation errors can have
grave consequences for all agents involved in the translation process, especially in safety-critical sectors. In these sectors,
effective models and instruments for risk mitigation have long been established, with near-misses management being one of the most
effective instruments. In this paper, we examine the structure of damages caused by translation errors and compare them to the
structure of damages in safety-critical sectors in general. We find that damages caused by translation errors in safety-critical
sectors are comparable to damages in safety-critical sectors in general and conclude that near-misses management methods can also
be applied to translations. Further examination of damages caused by translation errors is necessary to broaden the empirical
base.
Translators’ perceptions of literary post-editing using statistical and neural machine translation
Authors: Moorkens Joss , Toral Antonio , Castilho Sheila , Way Andy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the context of recent improvements in the quality of machine translation (MT) output and new use cases being found for that output, this article reports on an experiment using statistical and neural MT systems to translate literature. Six professional translators with experience of literary translation produced English-to-Catalan translations under three conditions: translation from scratch, neural MT post-editing, and statistical MT post-editing. They provided feedback before and after the translation via questionnaires and interviews. While all participants prefer to translate from scratch, mostly due to the freedom to be creative without the constraints of segment-level segmentation, those with less experience find the MT suggestions useful.
Usability tests for personalised subtitles
Authors: Manchón Lluís Mas , Orero Pilar 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Over the past decade, subtitles have developed along with broadcast and broadband technology. Viewers nowadays enjoy new
opportunities to customize subtitles to best meet their personal preferences or needs. This study aims to identify end-user
subtitle setting preferences, to investigate whether these settings have an effect on content comprehension, and to explore
subtitle usability for two groups of participants, those under the age of 65 and those over 65. In an experiment, three subtitle
features were open to customization: the position, the box and the size of the subtitle, before and after participants watched an
on-demand TV documentary produced by the Catalan public broadcaster TVC. Results confirm a preference for bottom and medium
subtitles. Furthermore, while the under 65 segment made satisfactory use of the system, the over 65 segment experienced different
levels of usability and reported different capabilities and problems.
The symptoms of Ménière’s disorder as described by Bonaventura Angeli in De Vertigine et Scotomia (1565)
Authors: Martini Stefano , Martini Alessandro , Garosi Elisa , Mion Marta , Stephens Dafydd 
Published: November 2018

Purpose:
To analyse the booklet De Vertigine et Scotomia written in 1565 by a jurist Angeli Bonavantura.

Method:
We have studied and examined the various sections of the document of the XVI century.

Result:
The accurate description of the symptoms complained by Angeli Bonaventura suggests that the author was probably affected by Ménière disease.

Conclusions:
The analysed booklet represents the first historical description of dizziness associated with tinnitus and hearing loss.
Arabic version of situational characteristic questionnaire for diagnosis of visual vertigo syndrome
Authors: Talaat Hossam Sanyelbhaa , Moaty Asmaa Salah , Koura Yasmin Abd El Aziz 
Published: November 2018

Objectives:
To develop and validate an Arabic version of the situational characteristic questionnaire (SCQ), which is the gold standard and easy method in diagnosing visual vertigo syndrome (VV).

Methods:
The adapted SCQ was translated according to the cross-cultural adaptation guidelines that included: original author permission, forward and backward translation, Expert committee review, pretesting and final version of the Arabic SCQ. The questionnaire was completed by 100 normal controls (control group) and 100 patients with VV symptoms (VV group). Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were examined. Reliability included internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Validity was examined by evaluating the content and construct validity. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the possible cut-off values.

Results:
Indicated good reliability of the Arabic SCQ (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.84 for control group, and = 0.79 for VV group). Test–retest correlation was done on a subgroup of 46 control subjects and 50 VV patients after 1 week. Repeatability of the questionnaire was high for the total Arabic SCQ score using Spearman’s correlation (r = 0.99 and 0.97 for the control and VV groups, respectively). For construct validity, Spearman’s correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between the Arabic SCQ total score and the modified Arabic visual vestibular mismatch score (r = 0.64, p < .001*). The Arabic SCQ total scores of VV patients were significantly different from normal controls (p < .001* using the Mann-Whitney test).

Conclusion:
The Arabic version of the SCQ is a valid and reliable tool for diagnosing VV and for the assessment of severity of symptoms in the Egyptian and Arabic populations. The most sensitive cut-off point of the Arabic SCQ for diagnosing VV was (1.15).
Listening versus Lingwashing: Promise, Peril, and Structural Oblivion When White South Africans Learn Indigenous African Languages
Authors: McIntosh Janet 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article focuses on the liberal South African whites in Cape Town who mediate their crisis of national belonging through newfound enthusiasm for indigenous Southern African languages. After contextualizing white aspirations to linguistic belonging, some semiotic shifts in how whites have represented isiXhosa, and various white metapragmatic judgments, I discuss promising experiences of white isiXhosa speakers, then argue that language learning invites a reckoning in which whites grapple with questions of interracial dynamics in the new South Africa and their own “structural oblivion”—that is, their failure, as elites, to understand precisely the reasons for which they are resented. Some critics charge that white self-congratulation can amount to what I call “lingwashing”: using language learning as a moral cover for enduring inequities. I suggest a potential remedy is to conceptualize language learning as a process not of self-comforting but of self-discomfiting, requiring both listening and humility.
Gender, Class, Race, and Region in “Bilingual” Bolivia
Authors: Swinehart Karl 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article examines how gender becomes tied together with emblems of racial, linguistic, and class difference in highland Bolivia. I examine both ethnographic and mediatized moments in which bilingualism and its traces contribute to the contours of racialized humiliation or, alternately, antiracist ethnic affirmation. In some moments la bilingüe becomes a metonym that stands in for racial and gender alterity, including when la bilingüe denotes a racialized, gendered, wage-labor category—the domestic servant working in the home of wealthy whites. The figure of the Indian Maid is a figure of historical and literary tropes but also of contemporary political mobilization against labor abuses, racial humiliation, and sexual violence. The figure of the chola is both a remnant of categories of personhood that organized racial and gender hierarchies during the colonial period, namely, the sistema de castas, and a contemporary social and demographic category that fuses language, ethnicity, and gender. Anti-Indian caricatures in televised comedy and other popular discourse connect features of bilingual speech to presuppositions about the Indian body. Chola-centric beauty contests replicate the form of public celebrations of white femininity, like Miss Universe pageants, but operate with other criteria, including eloquence in indigenous Andean languages.
Melville Incomplete
Authors: Ohge Christopher 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe final volume of Melville’s unfinished writings by the Northwestern-Newberry edition is a monumental achievement. Monumental but also vexed, and vexing. Melville’s unfinished poetry and especially his unfinished novella Billy Budd challenge traditional editorial theories of eclectic editing that have guided the NN editions for decades. The final volume remains beholden to a theory of critical editing that is less suited to the purpose of editing unfinished manuscripts than of works that exist solely in print versions. This dilemma makes the volume a fascinating instance of the choices editors must make in the era of digital editions. The edition, while mainly improving upon previous editions of Billy Budd and making available reliable texts of unpublished poems, also takes some perplexing liberties with Melville’s unfinished manuscripts. Aloof to new and enormously useful electronic resources, the edition’s diplomatic transcriptions also represent a huge amount of duplicated effort, and a lost opportunity for collaboration with existing digital projects. This edition is a valuable resource, but the debatable emendations of unfinished manuscripts, coupled with the dismissal of the currently available digital resources for manuscript study, shows that the reading texts should be consulted with some skepticism and with recourse to the surviving manuscripts.
Outcomes of nutritional jejunostomy in the curative treatment of esophageal cancer
Authors: Klevebro F , Johar A , Lagergren J , Lagergren P 
Published: November 2018

SUMMARY
Substantial weight loss and eating problems are common before and after esophagectomy for cancer. The use of jejunostomy might prevent postoperative weight loss, but studies evaluating other outcomes are scarce. This study aims to assess the influence of jejunostomy on postoperative health-related quality of life (HRQOL), complications, reoperation, hospital stay, and survival. This prospective and population-based cohort study included all patients operated on for esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer in Sweden in 2001–2005 with follow-up until 31st December 2016. Data regarding patient and tumor characteristics and treatment were prospectively collected. Multivariable logistic regression provided odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), whereas Cox regression provided hazard ratios with 95% CI. All risk estimates were adjusted for age, sex, tumor histology, stage, comorbidity, surgical approach, neoadjuvant therapy, and body mass index and weight loss at baseline. Among 397 patients, 181 (46%) received a jejunostomy during surgery. The use of jejunostomy did not influence the HRQOL at 6 months or 3 years after treatment. Jejunostomy users had no statistically significantly increased risk of postoperative complications (OR 1.27; 95% CI 0.86–1.87) or reoperation (OR 1.70; 95% CI 0.88–3.28). Intensive unit care and length of hospital stay was the same independent of the use of jejunostomy. The all-cause mortality was not increased in the jejunostomy group (HR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.74–1.07). This study indicates that jejunostomy does not influence postoperative HRQOL, complications, or survival after esophageal cancer surgery, it can be considered a safe method for early enteral nutrition after esophageal cancer surgery but benefits for the patients need further investigations.
Contextual Effects on Populist Radical Right Support: Consensual Neighbourhood Effects and the Dutch PVV
Authors: van Wijk Daniël , Bolt Gideon , Johnston Ron 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This study examines contextual effects on support for the Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV), a Dutch populist radical right-wing party. It examines the two most frequently researched contextual effects, that of the local ethnic composition and of local economic conditions. Furthermore, it investigates the effect of the local normative context, through which people are hypothesised to be influenced by their neighbours' political views. Analysing survey data from The Netherlands Longitudinal Lifecourse Study using multilevel logistic regression, no effects are found for the local ethnic composition and local economic conditions after controlling for individual characteristics. In addition, PVV support is much lower in districts with higher shares of highly educated residents, which is in line with theories on consensual neighbourhood effects. This effect is found to be non-linear and only turns negative when around 25 per cent of the population of a district is highly educated. Additional analyses show that contact with neighbours, which is often assumed to explain this effect, is not a prerequisite for the effect to occur.
Mechanisms and diagnostic evaluation of persistent or recurrent angina following percutaneous coronary revascularization
Authors: Crea Filippo , Bairey Merz Cathleen Noel , Beltrame John F , Berry Colin , Camici Paolo G , Kaski Juan Carlos , Ong Peter , Pepine Carl J , Sechtem Udo , Shimokawa Hiroaki 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Persistence or recurrence of angina after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may affect about 20–40% of patients during short–medium-term follow-up. This appears to be true even when PCI is ‘optimized’ using physiology-guided approaches and drug-eluting stents. Importantly, persistent or recurrent angina post-PCI is associated with a significant economic burden. Healthcare costs may be almost two-fold higher among patients with persistent or recurrent angina post-PCI vs. those who become symptom-free. However, practice guideline recommendations regarding the management of patients with angina post-PCI are unclear. Gaps in evidence into the mechanisms of post-PCI angina are relevant, and more research seems warranted. The purpose of this document is to review potential mechanisms for the persistence or recurrence of angina post-PCI, propose a practical diagnostic algorithm, and summarize current knowledge gaps.