bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the REVEAL Prognostic Equation and Risk Score Calculator in Incident Systemic Sclerosis–Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Mullin Christopher J. , Khair Rubina M. , Damico Rachel L. , Kolb Todd M. , Hummers Laura K. , Hassoun Paul M. , Steen Virginia D. , Mathai Stephen C. ,   on behalf of the PHAROS Investigators
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveA prognostic equation and risk score calculator derived from the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long‐term Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Disease Management (REVEAL) are being used to predict 1‐year survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but little is known about the performance of these REVEAL survival prediction tools in systemic sclerosis (SSc)–associated PAH (SSc‐PAH).MethodsProspectively gathered data from the Johns Hopkins Pulmonary Hypertension Program and Pulmonary Hypertension Assessment and Recognition of Outcome in Scleroderma Registries were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the REVEAL models for predicting the probability of 1‐year survival in patients with SSc‐PAH. Model discrimination was assessed by comparison of the Harrell's C‐index, model fit was assessed using multivariable regression techniques, and model calibration was assessed by comparing predicted to observed survival estimates.ResultsThe validation cohort consisted of 292 SSc‐PAH patients with a 1‐year survival rate of 87.4%. The C‐index for predictive accuracy of the REVEAL prognostic equation (0.734, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.652–0.816) and for the risk score (0.743, 95% CI 0.663–0.823) demonstrated good discrimination, comparable to that in the model development cohort. The calibration slope was 0.707 (95% CI 0.400–1.014), indicating that the overall model fit was marginal (P = 0.06). The magnitude of risk assigned to low distance on the 6‐minute walk test (6MWD) and elevated serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was lower in the validation cohort than was originally seen in the REVEAL derivation cohort. Model calibration was poor, particularly for the highest risk groups.ConclusionIn predicting 1‐year survival in patients newly diagnosed as having SSc‐PAH, the REVEAL prognostic equation and risk score provide very good discrimination but poor calibration. REVEAL prediction scores should be interpreted with caution in newly diagnosed SSc‐PAH patients, particularly those with higher predicted risk of poor 1‐year survival resulting from a low 6MWD or a high BNP serum level.
How Can We Show You, If You Can't See It? Trialing the Use of an Interactive Three‐Dimensional Micro‐CT Model in Medical Education
Authors: O'Rourke Joseph C. , Smyth Lillian , Webb Alexandra L. , Valter Krisztina 
Published: May 2019

Teaching internal structures obscured from direct view is a major challenge of anatomy education. High‐fidelity interactive three‐dimensional (3D) micro‐computed tomography (CT) models with virtual dissection present a possible solution. However, their utility for teaching complex internal structures of the human body is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a realistic 3D micro‐CT interactive visualization computer model to teach paranasal sinus anatomy in a laboratory setting during pre‐clinical medical training. Year 1 (n = 79) and Year 2 (n = 59) medical students undertook self‐directed activities focused on paranasal sinus anatomy in one of two laboratories (traditional laboratory and 3D model). All participants completed pre and posttests before and after the laboratory session. Results of regression analyses predicting post‐laboratory knowledge indicate that, when students were inexperienced with the 3D computer technology, use of the model was detrimental to learning for students with greater prior knowledge of the relevant anatomy (P < 0.05). For participants experienced with the 3D computer technology, however, the use of the model was detrimental for students with less prior knowledge of the relevant anatomy (P < 0.001). These results emphasize that several factors need to be considered in the design and effective implementation of such models in the classroom. Under the right conditions, the 3D model is equal to traditional laboratory resources when used as a learning tool. This paper discusses the importance of preparatory training for students and the technical consideration necessary to successfully integrate such models into medical anatomical curricula.
Both the mirror and the affordance systems might be impaired in adults with high autistic traits. Evidence from EEG mu and beta rhythms
Authors: de Vega Manuel , Padrón Iván , Moreno Iván Z. , García‐Marco Enrique , Domínguez Alberto , Marrero Hipólito , Hernández Sergio 
Published: May 2019

The association of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with an altered mirror neuron system is still controversial. At the same time, the processing of object affordances by persons with ASD is a neglected issue. In this electroencephalographic study, adults differing in their autism quotient (AQ) scores were selected. We found anomalous modulation of mu and beta rhythms in high‐AQ, compared to low‐AQ persons, while they watched a set of goal‐directed manual actions. This confirms that observing actions involving implicit intentions most clearly reveals the impairment of the mirror neurons system (MNS). The high‐AQ group also showed anomalous mu and beta modulation when they looked at pictures of manipulable objects, indicating a deficit in processing motor affordances. We conclude that high‐AQ adults have neural impairment of both the MNS and the affordance systems, which could underlie their relational problems with both people and objects. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1032–1042. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryAdults with autistic traits (high‐autism quotient [AQ] scores) and matched controls (low‐AQ) observed intentional hand actions, and pictures of manipulable and non‐manipulable objects. The high‐AQ group compared to the control group, showed anomalous modulation of the electroencephalographic motoric rhythms (mu and beta) while observing familiar goal‐directed actions, confirming an impairment of their mirror neuron system. Also, their brain rhythms were anomalous when they watched manipulable objects, which suggest a dysfunction in their relation with objects (affordance system).
Transcranial magnetic stimulation in anxiety and trauma‐related disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cirillo Patricia , Gold Alexandra K. , Nardi Antonio E. , Ornelas Ana C. , Nierenberg Andrew A. , Camprodon Joan , Kinrys Gustavo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been evaluated as an effective treatment option for patients with major depressive disorder. However, there are limited studies that have evaluated the efficacy of TMS for other neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety and trauma‐related disorders. We reviewed the literature that has evaluated TMS as a treatment for anxiety and trauma‐related disorders.MethodsWe searched for articles published up to December 2017 in Embase, Medline, and ISI Web of Science databases, following the Preferred Items for Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Articles (n = 520) evaluating TMS in anxiety and trauma‐related disorders were screened and a small subset of these that met the eligibility criteria (n = 17) were included in the systematic review, of which nine evaluated TMS in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), four in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), two in specific phobia (SP), and two in panic disorder (PD). The meta‐analysis was performed with PTSD and GAD since PD and SP had an insufficient number of studies and sample sizes.ResultsAmong anxiety and trauma‐related disorders, TMS has been most widely studied as a treatment for PTSD. TMS demonstrated large overall treatment effect for both PTSD (ES = −0.88, 95% CI: −1.42, −0.34) and GAD (ES = −2.06, 95% CI: −2.64, −1.48), including applying high frequency over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Since few studies have evaluated TMS for SP and PD, few conclusions can be drawn.ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis suggests that TMS may be an effective treatment for GAD and PTSD.
Changes in functional outcome over five years after stroke
Authors: Rejnö Åsa , Nasic Salmir , Bjälkefur Kerstin , Bertholds Eric , Jood Katarina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesData on the long‐term time course of poststroke functional outcome is limited. We investigated changes in functional outcome over 5 years after stroke in a hospital based cohort.Materials and MethodsConsecutive patients who were independent in activities of daily living (ADL) and admitted to a Stroke Unit at Skaraborg Hospital, Sweden for a first acute stroke from 2007 to 2009 (n = 1,421) were followed‐up after 3 months and thereafter annually over 5 years using a postal questionnaire. Clinical variables at acute stroke and 3 months post stroke were obtained from the Swedish Stroke Register. ADL dependency was defined as dependence in dressing, toileting or indoor mobility.ResultsThe proportions of survivors who reported ADL dependency remained stable throughout follow‐up (19%–22%). However, among survivors who were ADL independent at 3 months, about 3% deteriorated to dependency each year. Deterioration was predicted by age (HR 1.11; 95% CI 1.08–1.13), diabetes (HR 1.65; 95% CI 1.12–2.44), NIHSS score (HR 1.07; 95% CI 1.04–1.10), and self‐perceived unmet care needs one year post stroke (HR 2.01; 95% CI 1.44–2.81). Transitions from ADL dependency to independence occurred mainly during the first year post stroke. Improvement was negatively predicted by living alone before stroke (HR 0.41 95% CI 0.19–0.91), NIHSS score (HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.86–0.95) and ischemic stroke (vs. hemorrhagic stroke), HR 0.39; 95% CI 0.17–0.89.ConclusionTransitions between ADL independence and dependency occur up to 5 years after stroke. Some of the factors predicting these transitions are potentially modifiable.
Knockdown XIST alleviates LPS‐induced WI‐38 cell apoptosis and inflammation injury via targeting miR‐370‐3p/TLR4 in acute pneumonia
Authors: Zhang Yena , Zhu Yuyin , Gao Guosheng , Zhou Zhiming 
Published: May 2019

Pneumonia is an inflammatory disease that occurs in the lungs associated with pathogens or other factors. It has been well established that long noncoding RNA X inactivate‐specific transcript (XIST) is involved in several cancers. The present study focused on the effect and detailed mechanism of XIST in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced injury in pneumonia. Here, XIST was silenced by transfection with XIST‐targeted siRNA, and then, mRNA expression, cell viability, apoptosis, and protein expression were, respectively, assessed by qRT‐PCR, CCK‐8, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. Luciferase reporter, RIP, and RNA pull‐down assays were used to detect the combination of miR‐370‐3p and XIST. Besides, the tested proinflammatory factors were analysed by qRT‐PCR and Western blot, and their productions were quantified by ELISA. The results showed that XIST expression was robustly increased in serum of patients with acute‐stage pneumonia and LPS‐induced WI‐38 human lung fibroblasts cells. Functional analyses demonstrated that knockdown of XIST remarkably alleviated LPS‐induced cell injury through increasing cell viability and inhibiting apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine levels. Mechanistically, XIST functioned as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by effectively binding to miR‐370‐3p and then restoring TLR4 expression. More importantly, miR‐370‐3p inhibitor abolished the function of XIST knockdown on cell injury and JAK/STAT and NF‐κB pathways. Taken together, XIST may be involved in progression of cell inflammatory response, and XIST/miR‐370‐3p/TLR4 axis thus may shed light on the development of novel therapeutics to the treatment of acute stage of pneumonia.Significance of the studyOur study demonstrated that XIST was highly expressed in patients with acute stage of pneumonia. Knockdown of XIST remarkably alleviated LPS‐induced cell injury through increasing cell viability and inhibiting apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine levels through regulating JAK/STAT and NF‐κB pathways.
Inter‐residual Hydrogen Bonding in Carbohydrates Unraveled by NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Rönnols Jerk , Engström Olof , Schnupf Udo , Säwén Elin , Brady John W. , Widmalm Göran 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCarbohydrates, also known as glycans in biological systems, are omnipresent in nature where they as glycoconjugates occur as oligo‐ and polysaccharides linked to lipids and proteins. Their three‐dimensional structure is defined by two or three torsion angles at each glycosidic linkage. In addition, transglycosidic hydrogen bonding between sugar residues may be important. Herein we investigate the presence of these inter‐residue interactions by NMR spectroscopy in D2O/[D6]DMSO (70:30) or D2O and by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with explicit water as solvent for disaccharides with structural elements α‐d‐Manp‐(1→2)‐d‐Manp, β‐d‐GlcpNAc‐(1→2)‐d‐Manp, and α‐d‐Glcp‐(1→4)‐β‐d‐Glcp, all of which have been suggested to exhibit inter‐residue hydrogen bonding. For the disaccharide β‐d‐GlcpNAc‐(1→2)‐β‐d‐Manp‐OMe, the large extent of O5′⋅⋅⋅HO3 hydrogen bonding as seen from the MD simulation is implicitly supported by the 1H NMR chemical shift and 3JHO3,H3 value of the hydroxy proton. In the case of α‐d‐Glcp‐(1→4)‐β‐d‐Glcp‐OMe, the existence of a transglycosidic hydrogen bond O2′⋅⋅⋅HO3 was proven by the presence of a cross‐peak in 1H,13C HSQC‐TOCSY experiments as a result of direct TOCSY transfer between HO3 of the reducing end residue and H2′ (detected at C2′) of the terminal residue. The occurrence of inter‐residue hydrogen bonding, albeit transient, is judged important for the stabilization of three‐dimensional structures, which may be essential in maintaining a conformational state for carbohydrate–protein interactions of glycans to take place in biologically important environments.
Mechanistic Investigation of Biocatalytic Heme Carbenoid Si−H Insertions
Authors: Khade Rahul L. , Chandgude Ajay L. , Fasan Rudi , Zhang Yong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent studies reported the development of biocatalytic heme carbenoid Si−H insertions for the selective formation of carbon‐silicon bonds, but many mechanistic questions remain unaddressed. To this end, a DFT mechanistic investigation was performed which reveals an FeII‐based concerted hydride transfer mechanism with early transition state feature. The results from these computational analyses are consistent with experimental data of radical trapping, kinetic isotope effects, and structure‐reactivity data using engineered variants of hemoproteins. Detailed geometric and electronic profiles along the heme catalyzed Si−H insertion pathways were provided to help understand the origin of experimental reactivity trends. Quantitative relationships between reaction barriers and some properties such as charge transfer from substrate to heme carbene and Si−H bond length change from reactant to transition state were found. Results suggest catalyst modifications to facilitate the charge transfer from the silane substrate to the carbene, which was determined to be a major electronic driving force of this reaction, should enable the development of improved biocatalysts for Si−H carbene insertion reactions.
From Phosphidic to Phosphonium? Umpolung of the P4‐Bonding Situation in [CpFe(CO)(L)(η1‐P4)]+ Cations (L=CO or PPh3)
Authors: Riddlestone Ian M. , Weis Philippe , Martens Arthur , Schorpp Marcel , Scherer Harald , Krossing Ingo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUpon coordinating P4 to electron poor cyclopentadienyl‐iron cations, the average P−P bond distances shrink and the respective P4 breathing mode in the Raman spectra (600 cm−1, P4, free) is blueshifted by >40 cm−1 in [CpFe(CO)(L)(η1‐P4)]+ cations (L=CO or PPh3). Analysis suggests that this corresponds to an umpolung of the bonding from more phosphidic in the known, electron‐rich systems to more phosphonium‐like in the reported electron‐poor versions. This may open new functionalization pathways for white phosphorus P4.
Die Rolle der Gasdiffusionselektroden in der Zink‐Luft‐ und Lithium‐Luft‐Batterie
Authors: Fenske Daniela , Bardenhagen Ingo , Schwenzel Julian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetall‐Luft‐Batterien, v. a. als wiederaufladbare Variante, sind branchenübergreifend derzeit von großem Interesse. Neben dem potenziell kostengünstigen Zink‐Luft‐System hat in den vergangenen zehn Jahren das potenziell hochenergetische Lithium‐Luft‐System große Aufmerksamkeit erfahren, das ursprünglich als Hochenergiespeicher für die Elektromobilität gedacht war. In diesem Beitrag wird der Fokus auf wiederaufladbare Zink‐Luft‐ und Lithium‐Luft‐Systeme gelegt. Insbesondere wird die Rolle der Gasdiffusionselektrode beschrieben sowie ein Ausblick über aktuelle Trends bei der Weiterentwicklung gegeben.
Anodic Cyclizations, Seven‐Membered Rings, and the Choice of Radical Cation vs. Radical Pathways
Authors: Perkins Robert J. , Feng Ruozhu , Lu Qingquan , Moeller Kevin D. 
Published: May 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionWhile many steps in an oxidative cyclization reaction can be important, it is the cyclization step itself that plays the central role. If this step does not proceed well, then optimization of the rest of the sequence is futile. We report here that the key to the cyclization is channeling the reaction down the correct pathway. Some reactions require the use of a radical pathway and some require the use of a radical cation pathway. An example of each is provided along with a strategy for accessing both pathways using a common intermediate.
Experiences with cancer survey in China
Authors: Yao Nengliang , Zhang Nan , Wang Jialin , Anderson Roger T. , Liu Xinting , Lyu Jingru , Du Xiwen , Sun Xiaojie 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundChina accounts for approximately 27% of global cancer deaths. However, to the authors' knowledge, the lasting effects of cancer and cancer treatments on patients have not been investigated in China. The authors developed a questionnaire, the China Survey of Experiences with Cancer, for Chinese cancer survivors. This article introduces the study design and domains covered in the questionnaire.MethodsThe Cancer Survivorship Supplement of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) was used as a reference to develop the questionnaire. The final in‐person surveys were conducted in 2015 and 2016. Samples were chosen through multistage sampling. The authors described the characteristics of the study participants and their cancer experiences.ResultsAt the time of last follow‐up, a total of 1166 patients had completed at least 1 component of the survey. Approximately 59% of the cancer survivors were aged ≥60 years. Greater than one‐half of the participants had an elementary education level or less (51%) and a yearly family income of <$3174. Chinese cancer survivors were more likely to retire earlier than planned compared with American cancer survivors (37% vs 9%). The majority of Chinese cancer survivors (84%) reported that their work abilities were hindered by their cancer or cancer treatments. Approximately one‐half of patients in China had to incur debt because of cancer, whereas <10% of patients in the United States reported having incurred debt.ConclusionsThe survey provides information regarding the burden of cancer in China that to the authors' knowledge currently is unavailable from other sources, including medical care use, financial impacts, employment patterns, and life experience after a cancer diagnosis for survivors and their families.
Metastatic prostate cancer at diagnosis and through progression in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial
Authors: Pinsky Paul F. , Black Amanda , Daugherty Sarah E. , Hoover Robert , Parnes Howard , Smith Zachary L. , Eggener Scott , Andriole Gerald L. , Berndt Sonja I. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThe Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial assessed the effect of screening with prostate‐specific antigen and a digital rectal examination on prostate cancer mortality. Another endpoint of interest was the burden of total metastatic disease.MethodsAll men in PLCO were assessed for metastatic prostate cancer at diagnosis; men with clinical stage I/II disease were assessed for metastatic progression. The rate of total metastatic disease was defined as metastases found either at diagnosis or through progression divided by person‐years (PYs) of follow‐up for all men in the trial. Metastatic progression rates were computed among men with clinical stage I/II prostate cancer. Survival among men with metastases at diagnosis was compared with survival among men with metastatic progression.ResultsAmong 38,340 men in the intervention arm and 38,343 men in the control arm in PLCO, there were 4974 and 4699 prostate cancer cases, respectively. The rates of total metastatic disease were 4.72 and 4.83 per 10,000 PYs in the intervention and control arms, respectively (rate ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.81‐1.18). The rates of metastatic progression among men with clinical stage I/II prostate cancer were 43.7 and 50.5 per 10,000 PYs in the intervention and control arms, respectively (P = .30). Prostate cancer–specific 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates were significantly worse for men with metastatic progression (24% and 19%, respectively) than men with metastases at diagnosis (40% and 26%, respectively).ConclusionsRates of total metastatic disease and metastatic progression were similar across arms in PLCO. Survival was worse for men with metastatic progression in comparison with those with metastatic disease at diagnosis.
Energy‐efficient quantum‐inspired stochastic Q‐HypE algorithm for batch‐of‐stochastic‐tasks on heterogeneous DVFS‐enabled processors
Authors: Sajid Mohammad , Raza Zahid 
Published: May 2019

SummaryScheduling on dynamic voltage and frequency scaling enabled processors to determine the Pareto‐optimal solutions with optimized makespan and energy consumption demands faster multi‐objective scheduling algorithms. In general, the problem of multi‐objective optimization, ie, finding the Pareto‐optimal solutions to optimize two or more QoS parameters, has been proven to be an NP‐complete problem. In this work, we propose a novel energy‐efficient quantum‐inspired stochastic Q‐HypE algorithm to schedule the batch‐of‐stochastic‐tasks (BoT) on DVFS‐enabled processors with the aim to optimize the makespan of BoT as well as the energy consumption of processors. The stochastic processing times of tasks are drawn from independent probability distributions. The proposed Q‐HypE algorithm evolves from combined characteristics of quantum computing and a hypervolume based multi‐objective optimization HypE algorithm. The proposed Q‐HypE algorithm simultaneously minimizes the makespan and energy consumption of the Pareto‐optimal solutions whereas the dynamics of quantum computing accelerate the process of HypE to further minimize the overheads of hypervolume estimation. Experimental results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed Q‐HypE algorithm both in terms of the number and quality of solutions offered.