bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence in cancer imaging: Clinical challenges and applications
Authors: Bi Wenya Linda , Hosny Ahmed , Schabath Matthew B. , Giger Maryellen L. , Birkbak Nicolai J. , Mehrtash Alireza , Allison Tavis , Arnaout Omar , Abbosh Christopher , Dunn Ian F. , Mak Raymond H. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Tempany Clare M. , Swanton Charles , Hoffmann Udo , Schwartz Lawrence H. , Gillies Robert J. , Huang Raymond Y. , Aerts Hugo J. W. L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractJudgement, as one of the core tenets of medicine, relies upon the integration of multilayered data with nuanced decision making. Cancer offers a unique context for medical decisions given not only its variegated forms with evolution of disease but also the need to take into account the individual condition of patients, their ability to receive treatment, and their responses to treatment. Challenges remain in the accurate detection, characterization, and monitoring of cancers despite improved technologies. Radiographic assessment of disease most commonly relies upon visual evaluations, the interpretations of which may be augmented by advanced computational analyses. In particular, artificial intelligence (AI) promises to make great strides in the qualitative interpretation of cancer imaging by expert clinicians, including volumetric delineation of tumors over time, extrapolation of the tumor genotype and biological course from its radiographic phenotype, prediction of clinical outcome, and assessment of the impact of disease and treatment on adjacent organs. AI may automate processes in the initial interpretation of images and shift the clinical workflow of radiographic detection, management decisions on whether or not to administer an intervention, and subsequent observation to a yet to be envisioned paradigm. Here, the authors review the current state of AI as applied to medical imaging of cancer and describe advances in 4 tumor types (lung, brain, breast, and prostate) to illustrate how common clinical problems are being addressed. Although most studies evaluating AI applications in oncology to date have not been vigorously validated for reproducibility and generalizability, the results do highlight increasingly concerted efforts in pushing AI technology to clinical use and to impact future directions in cancer care.
Medical and psychological paradigm supervision somatic patients with comorbid mental disorders
Authors: Koval I. 
Published: February 2019

The thesis is devoted to the research of medical and psychological paradigm Supervision of patients. Studies performed on clinical material of patients with a wide range of somatic disorders. This reveals the conceptual foundations of medical activities as a complex medical and psycho-pedagogical process, which not only improves the efficiency of the professional activities of doctors, but also the formation of individual image of the world of patients achieving this level of personal development where disease and related restrictions do not interfere with their self-development based on the existing system of values and meanings.
The paper provides a detailed analysis of the interaction of the three components of medical and psychological care to patients and their families: psychodiagnosis psyhoeducation and correction (psychotherapy).
Presents a program of psychological diagnosis of somatic patients, including a study of the characteristics of emotional state and distress intrapsychological and behavioral patterns, strategies for overcoming stress behavior and family functioning determine the influence of psychic correction targets formulated the task of medical and psychological assistance and the amount psyhoeducation classes.
Concepts and practical application of medical and psychological training of general practitioners and medical internist at the stages of pre-tested and post-graduate training in preparation of interns, and the pre-cycles thematic improvement of doctors.
Determined, medical, psychological and educational determinants doctor's practice, positive motivation of their activities; preparedness to common therapeutic activities; focus on subject-subject interaction; mastering the techniques of effective communication and more.
Christian Ethics in educational institutions of Ukraine
Authors: Ohirko O. 
Published: February 2019

The article deals with aspects of Christian Ethics as an integral part of Christian Philosophy. It is a science of the moral good of man based on absolute values, which is filled with Christian Culture. Christian Ethics is based on universal moral law of humankind that is Ten Commandments of God and Two Fundamental Commandments of Christian Love and on Seven Corporal and Spiritual Works of Mercy, Evangelical Counsels and Beatitudes. Christian Ethics calls on respecting of life as the God’s Gift.
Christian Ethics complements and ennobles natural Ethics by adding the revealed truths. Christian Ethics is a doctrine common to all Christian denominations in Ukraine.
Christian Ethics is a powerful educational tool in the formation of theological, moral and public virtues. Characterized interconfessional problems of teaching Christian Ethics. Christian Ethics is faith, hope and love for good. Education and upbringing in Christian Ethics is carried out on the principle of Christocentrism. In high school, the problem of teaching Christian Ethics touches on issues related to the formation of world outlook, spirituality and morality of youth.
Psychological features of the relationship the parameters of moral and legal reliability and adaptive capabilities of business entities
Authors: Lantukh I. 
Published: February 2019

The article is devoted to consideration of the problem of development of personal reliability of entrepreneurs. Application methods: "Personality questionnaire reliability moral and legal personality" (Strizhov); Expert assessment of the employee's personality (Bovin); "Multi personality questionnaire Adaptability” "(Maklakov, Chermyanin) allowed to investigate specific features of adaptive capacity studied with different levels of moral and legal reliability, given the socio-psychological and some physiological characteristics that reflect generalized features neuropsychiatric and social development. Empirically proved that the psychological factor of personal safety business is a moral and meaningful determination of behavior of the individual.
Psychological problems of teaching and developing students' thinking in the information society
Authors: Savel'eva T.M. 
Published: February 2019

In the article it is justified the relevance and necessity in the learning process of pupils in the conditions of information society to develop not only their personal qualities, but thinking which is a significant factor, determining the process of improving the system of continuous education of a person in XXI century. As early as in the 70s of XX century the Russian philosopher and psychologist Davydov V. V. emphasized that in the rapidly developing society the classical pedagogy in its current variant aims at constant expansion of the information volume of curricula that will eventually lead to a crisis of education, falling level of education, as pupils will not be able qualitatively to master the whole volume of knowledge during the period of study at school.
The idea of way out of this situation was formulated by Davydov V. V. It lies in the fact to “teach a child to learn independently”. It means that it is important to convert a child from trainee into “learner”, i.e. “being able to teach yourself”, to make “subject of his own education”. It is appropriate in the primary school to form pupils’ ability to independent theoretical knowledge, to develop their theoretical thinking.
If during the teaching process the pupils have not formed conceptual thinking, then children’s unconsciousness of own intellectual operations and inability of their voluntary use are kept. Memorized the rules and formulas, a child does not see their field of application, he is not able to use them, he has difficulty with transferring of intellectual skills into similar situations, he does not notice illogicality of own wrong conclusions, contradictions in the statements.
In the article it is particularly emphasized that the main purpose of general secondary education in the information society is to teach the pupils to think. Educational process has to promote development of conceptual thinking which is formed only by studying sciences, i.e. through the development of objective laws of the surrounding world.
Authenticity in the Ukrainian Teacher’s Workplace
Authors: Zlivkov Valery , Lukomska Svitlana , Kotukh Olena 
Published: February 2019

Authenticity is an important quality of the teachers who, along with identity, forms the basis of their professional competence. However, in Ukraine there are no adapted diagnostic methods for personality authenticity study. In such circumstances, adaptation to the Ukrainian sample of Authenticity Scale (Wood & Linley, 2007) and Authenticity Inventory (Kernis & Goldman, 2005) is very relevant. According to the results of the reliability check of Authenticity Scale in the Ukrainian translation, this methodology is a reliable tool for authenticity research (α = 0.93). All indicators of alpha Kronbach's AI-3 questionnaire in the Ukrainian-language translation are in the range of 0.84 and 0.93, which indicates the high reliability of the subscale of this questionnaire. Results of Correlation Analysis of Authenticity Questionnaires and AI-3 showed the existence of significant positive relationships between these methods (r: min = 0.500, max = 0.961), which proves their possibility of application in the complex study of the identity of the individual. It is concluded that teachers are characterized by an average level of authenticity, which testifies to the understanding of the teachers of their true self, but the impossibility of its best to show, due to certain requirements for professional pedagogical activities, the need to meet more social role than to show their individuality. Teachers are characterized by such a component of authenticity as "orientation on relationships", that is, openness and honesty in interaction with other people.
The structure of professional attorney’s consciousness
Authors: Hulbs O.A. , Kobets O.V. , Ponomarenko V.V. , Turyanskіy A.D. 
Published: February 2019

The problem of studying consciousness has been quite relevant and significant throughout the lifetime of psychology, since it is the consciousness that builds the inner picture of the world and forms a semantic representation of reality, performing the reflective, regulatory and instrumental functions of the human psyche. Consciousness arises and forms in the process of regulation of social activity and allows a person to set himself a certain goal, to isolate himself from the outside world, to determine his attitude to the objects and phenomena of the outside world. The objective necessity of successful socio-economic development of the Ukrainian society, the task of formation of the state of law, implementation of a complex of measures related to the implementation of legal reform lead to an increase in the role of professional attorney, their responsibility for the results of their activities.
The professional consciousness of attorney is a special phenomenon of modern reality, the study of which is possible only with a thorough analysis of it as a theoretical and legal construction. Proceeding from the approaches developed in psychological science, in some cases, this kind of consciousness can be regarded as a set of views, ideas, theories, representations and feelings of a group of people with a certain status of a attorney, with respect to the law, current and desirable. In others - as a "reflection of legal reality" by attorney in the process of carrying out their professional activities. Features of the content of professional consciousness of attorney should be analyzed, based on the following elements: professional knowledge, attitude to the profession, skills of professional behavior
"Psychology Week -2018": Professional traditions of the G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of NAES of Ukraine
Authors: Maksymenko S.D. , Chepeleva N.V. , Karamushka L.M. , Lunov V.Ye. , Khatman O.Yu. , Karabayeva I.I. 
Published: February 2019

On April 23-26, 2018 in the G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of NAES of Ukraine took place "The Week of Psychology-2018", which was devoted to the All-Ukrainian Psychologist's Day. The psychological forms continued the good professional tradition that was initiated at the Institute in 2016, when the "Week of Psychology-2016" took place, dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Institute's scientific activities, and continued in 2017, when the "Week of Psychology-2017" was held, which was devoted to 25th anniversary of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine.
The scientific forum was organized by the national Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, the Directorate of the G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of NAES of Ukraine, Council of young scientists, all-Ukrainian organization "The Society of psychologists of Ukraine".
The leading idea of the scientific event was aimed at summarizing the activities of the Institute in 2017, the presentation of scientific and practical achievements of workers and graduates of postgraduate and doctoral studies of the Institute, to create opportunities for the active professional contacts, generating new ideas, discuss future research and education projects.
Structure of individual-psychological features of enterprises with different level of personal reliability
Authors: Lantuh I. , Maleev D. 
Published: February 2019

The article is devoted to research of psychological structure of personal reliability of subjects of entrepreneurial activity.
The purpose of the article: to highlight and substantiate the results of empirical research of the psychological structure of personal reliability of business entities.
Objectives of the study: to provide data of correlation, factor analysis of individual and psychological characteristics of entrepreneurs, which determine the level of personal reliability of subjects of entrepreneurship and on the basis of the results to offer a typology of personal reliability of entrepreneurs.
The problem of ensuring the reliability of business entities should be solved primarily through the study of those personal structures that ensure the stability and optimal level of personality-functional and performance indicators of entrepreneurs at different levels of socio-cultural space. Personality reliability of subjects of entrepreneurial activity includes moral and legal and pro-social, humanistic-oriented values ​​that correspond to the ethics of their chosen professional activities and provide for the recognition of social significance and personal responsibility for the results of entrepreneurial activity.
The structure of individual psychological peculiarities of subjects of entrepreneurial activity with different levels of personal reliability is determined. The results of correlation, factor analysis of individual psychological peculiarities of entrepreneurs, which determine the level of personal reliability of subjects of entrepreneurial activity, are presented. A typology of personal reliability (axiological, proactive, pro-social, praxeological, synergetic, innovative) is proposed.
Universal and regional mechanisms for the protection of human rights
Authors: Dei M. , Pushchyk I. , Kudra I. , Polyatsko A. , Bidiuk D. 
Published: February 2019

The article reveals the question of the universal and regional protection mechanisms of human rights aspects of the fight against slavery, protect the rights of children in situations of armed conflict, ensuring the right to education of children with special educational needs and protection of the right to work of women.
The purpose of this article is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of mechanisms for the right regulation of protection and guarantees of labor rights of women, violation of human rights in the aspects of the slave trade, protection of the rights of children in conditions of armed conflict, the provision of the right of people with special educational needs and the impact on the development of Ukrainian legislation.
Interpersonal interaction and the process of formation of the structure of educational and cognitive activity of students
Authors: Maryanenko L. 
Published: February 2019

The article substantiates the definition of the teacher's ability to form the cognitive activity of students, in accordance with the structure of the phenomenon of cognitive activity. The results of the empirical research are described in detail. On the basis of the correlation analysis carried out, positive and negative qualities were identified, in particular, the types of interpersonal interaction that influence the teacher's ability to form the cognitive activity of the schoolchildren.
According analysis positively on the ability of teachers to shape cognitive activity of pupils depends on the teacher’s ability to form cognitive motivation of students, promote positive emotional well-being of students in the classroom, the achievement of teacher interpersonal interaction with students through a democratic style of pedagogical communication; the ability to generate the mental abilities of the students. Also positively influenced by the presence of his own style of pedagogical communication of a teacher high in self-esteem of their own creativity and health. According to the correlation analysis, on the ability of the teacher to shape the cognitive activities of students negatively impact the liberal style of communication, responsibly-generous type of behavior, conformity, adaptive behavior; incredulous-skeptical type the behavior of teachers, namely the tendency to criticism, resentment, suspicion, disappointment in children.
Bright Opportunities for Atmospheric Characterization of Small Planets: Masses and Radii of K2-3 b, c, and d and GJ3470 b from Radial Velocity Measurements and Spitzer Transits
Authors: Kosiarek Molly R. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Hardegree-Ullman Kevin K. , Livingston John H. , Benneke Björn , Henry Gregory W. , Howard Ward S. , Berardo David , Blunt Sarah , Fulton Benjamin J. , Hirsch Lea A. , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Petigura Erik A. , Sinukoff Evan , Weiss Lauren , Bonfils X. , Dressing Courtney D. , Knutson Heather A. , Schlieder Joshua E. , Werner Michael , Gorjian Varoujan , Krick Jessica , Morales Farisa Y. , Astudillo-Defru Nicola , Almenara J.-M. , Delfosse X. , Forveille T. , Lovis C. , Mayor M. , Murgas F. , Pepe F. , Santos N. C. , Udry S. , Corbett H. T. , Fors Octavi , Law Nicholas M. , Ratzloff Jeffrey K. , Ser Daniel del 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We report improved masses, radii, and densities for four planets in two bright M-dwarf systems, K2-3 and GJ3470, derived from a combination of new radial velocity and transit observations. Supplementing K2 photometry with follow-up Spitzer transit observations refined the transit ephemerides of K2-3 b, c, and d by over a factor of 10. We analyze ground-based photometry from the Evryscope and Fairborn Observatory to determine the characteristic stellar activity timescales for our Gaussian Process fit, including the stellar rotation period and activity region decay timescale. The stellar rotation signals for both stars are evident in the radial velocity data and is included in our fit using a Gaussian process trained on the photometry. We find the masses of K2-3 b, K2-3 c, and GJ3470 b to be 6.48

, 2.14

, and 12.58

M
⊕, respectively. K2-3 d was not significantly detected and has a 3σ upper limit of 2.80 M
⊕. These two systems are training cases for future TESS systems; due to the low planet densities (ρ < 3.7 g cm−3) and bright host stars (K < 9 mag), they are among the best candidates for transmission spectroscopy in order to characterize the atmospheric compositions of small planets.
Faraday Rotation in the Jet of M87 inside the Bondi Radius: Indication of Winds from Hot Accretion Flows Confining the Relativistic Jet
Authors: Park Jongho , Hada Kazuhiro , Kino Motoki , Nakamura Masanori , Ro Hyunwook , Trippe Sascha 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We study Faraday rotation in the jet of M87 inside the Bondi radius using eight Very Long Baseline Array data sets, one at 8 GHz, four at 5 GHz, and three at 2 GHz. We obtain Faraday rotation measures (RMs) measured across the bandwidth of each data set. We find that the magnitude of RM systematically decreases with increasing distance from 5000 to 200,000 Schwarzschild radii. The data, showing predominantly negative RM signs without significant difference of the RMs on the northern and southern jet edges, suggest that the spatial extent of the Faraday screen is much larger than the jet. We apply models of hot accretion flows, thought to be prevalent in active galactic nuclei with a relatively low luminosity such as M87, and find that the decrease of RM is described well by a gas density profile

. This behavior matches the theoretically expected signature of substantial winds, nonrelativistic un-collimated gas outflows from hot accretion flows, which is consistent with the results of various numerical simulations. The pressure profile inferred from the density profile is flat enough to collimate the jet, which can result in gradual acceleration of the jet in a magneto-hydrodynamical process. This picture is in good agreement with the observed gradual collimation and acceleration of the M87 jet inside the Bondi radius. The dominance of negative RMs suggests that the jet and wind axis are misaligned such that the jet emission exposes only one side of the toroidal magnetic fields permeating the winds.
Numerical Modeling of Galactic Cosmic-Ray Proton and Helium Observed by AMS-02 during the Solar Maximum of Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Corti Claudio , Potgieter Marius S. , Bindi Veronica , Consolandi Cristina , Light Christopher , Palermo Matteo , Popkow Alexis 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are affected by solar modulation while they propagate through the heliosphere. The study of the time variation of GCR spectra observed at Earth can shed light on the underlying physical processes, specifically diffusion and particle drifts. Recently, the AMS-02 experiment measured with very high accuracy the time variation of the cosmic-ray proton and helium flux between 2011 May and 2017 May in the rigidity range from 1 to 60 GV. In this work, a comprehensive three-dimensional steady-state numerical model is used to solve Parker’s transport equation and reproduce the monthly proton fluxes observed by AMS-02. We find that the rigidity slope of the perpendicular mean free path above 4 GV remains constant, while below 4 GV, it increases during solar maximum. Assuming the same mean free paths for helium and protons, the models are able to reproduce the time behavior of the p/He ratio observed by AMS-02. The dependence of the diffusion tensor on the particle mass-to-charge ratio, A/Z, is found to be the main cause of the time dependence of p/He below 3 GV.