bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical review of different aspects of liquid-solid mixing operations
Authors: Mishra Prakash , Ein-Mozaffari Farhad 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Mechanically stirred slurry tanks are utilized in several industries to perform various unit operations such as crystallization, adsorption, ion-exchange, suspensions polymerization, dispersion of solid particles, leaching and dissolution, and activated sludge processes. The major goal of this review paper is to critically and thoroughly analyse the different aspects of previous research works reported in the literature in the field of liquid-solid mixing. This paper sheds light on the advantages and limitations of various particle concentration measurement methods employed to assess the suspension quality and the extent of solid suspensions in slurry reactors. Attempts are being made to identify and compare various mathematical models and methods to quantify particle dispersion and distribution in slurry reactors. It has been shown that various factors such as geometric configurations, agitation conditions, and physical characteristics of liquid and solid have pronounced influence on local suspension quality and power consumption. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling can be extremely useful in assessing the suspension of solid particles in slurry tanks. A critical review of different scale-up procedures employed for solid suspension and distribution in liquid-solid systems is presented as well. The findings of this review paper can be useful for future research works in liquid-solid mixing.
PolyDis: simple quantification tool for distortion of polyhedra in crystalline solids
Authors: Stoiber Dominik , Niewa Rainer 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A new simple approach to quantitative measures of coordination polyhedra distortions from ideal symmetry is provided with PolyDis. Within the mathematical basis, it minimizes the normalized displacements of given polyhedra to the ideal shape. Applications are discussed, where PolyDis was used to analyze the temperature dependent distortion of LaAlO3, rare earth metal radius dependent distortion of RMnO3 and the increasing structural distortion of (A
3N)As with varying alkaline earth metal, all being perovskites. Additionally, the more complex structures of SrCuRSe3 and CsCu3
R
2Se5 comprising trigonal prisms, octahedra and tetrahedra are treated with PolyDis.
Characterization of Effect of Aging on Polymer- and Polyphosphoric Acid-Modified Asphalt Binders Using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
Authors: Ali Syed Ashik , Ghabchi Rouzbeh , Rani Shivani , Zaman Musharraf 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Over the last decade, modifying asphalt binders with polymers and Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA) has become an essential part of the asphalt industry. There is a need to study the effect of polymer and PPA on asphalt binders’ compositions and mechanical properties. Changes in the rheological properties of modified binders due to oxidative aging are another important concern for pavement engineers. Although significant efforts have been made to characterize the rheological properties of modified asphalt binders in the past, the influence of molecular structure on these properties is still unknown. In the present study, three different types of asphalt binders, namely unmodified, polymer-modified, and PPA-modified, were tested. The Dynamic Shear Rheometer and Rotational Viscosity test results indicate an increase in stiffness and viscosity due to polymer and PPA modifications. Aging was also found to increase the binder’s stiffness and viscosity, irrespective of the binder type. The effect of the molecular structure on the asphalt binder’s properties was investigated by the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique. The aromaticity and crystallite parameters for unaged, short-term aged, and long-term aged binders were determined from the XRD spectra. The XRD analysis was able to detect the change in molecular structure because of aging, but no specific trend for the change in crystallite parameters was observed. The aromaticity and crystallite parameters were found to increase with polymer modification and decrease with PPA modification when compared to the unmodified binder. It was also found that asphalt binder loses its aromatic characteristic upon the addition of PPA.
Gamma Oscillations in the Basolateral Amygdala: Biophysical Mechanisms and Computational Consequences
Authors: Feng Feng , Headley Drew B. , Amir Alon , Kanta Vasiliki , Chen Ziao , Paré Denis , Nair Satish S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BL) is thought to support numerous emotional behaviors through specific microcircuits. These are often thought to be comprised of feedforward networks of principal cells (PNs) and interneurons. Neither well-understood nor often considered are recurrent and feedback connections, which likely engender oscillatory dynamics within BL. Indeed, oscillations in the gamma frequency range (40 − 100 Hz) are known to occur in the BL, and yet their origin and effect on local circuits remains unknown. To address this, we constructed a biophysically and anatomically detailed model of the rat BL and its local field potential (LFP) based on the physiological and anatomical literature, along within vivoandin vitrodata we collected on the activities of neurons within the rat BL. Remarkably, the model produced intermittent gamma oscillations (∼50 − 70 Hz) whose properties matched those recordedin vivo, including their entrainment of spiking. BL gamma-band oscillations were generated by the intrinsic circuitry, depending upon reciprocal interactions between PNs and fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs), while connections within these cell types affected the rhythm’s frequency. The model allowed us to conduct experimentally impossible tests to characterize the synaptic and spatial properties of gamma. The entrainment of individual neurons to gamma depended on the number of afferent connections they received, and gamma bursts were spatially restricted in the BL. Importantly, the gamma rhythm synchronized PNs and mediated competition between ensembles. Together, these results indicate that the recurrent connectivity of BL expands its computational and communication repertoire.
Nem 'complexo de vira-latas', nem 'herói genial': o caso da imprensa de Montes Claros frente às máximas de Nelson Rodrigues nas Copas de 1958 e 1962
Authors: Alves Rogério Othon Teixeira , Silva Luciano Pereira da 
Published: January 2019

A Copa do Mundo de 1958 tornou-se um limiar de passagem do complexo de vira-latas para o herói genial de Nelson Rodrigues. Todavia, tal sentimento construído na fronteira imaginária da Copa da Suécia poderia ser notado em qualquer cidade brasileira? Neste artigo, objetiva-se discutir nuanças que pairam sobre o tema Copa do Mundo de Futebol e o próprio futebol, no período que circundou a Copa de 1958, tomando por base a imprensa do Rio de Janeiro e da cidade de Montes Claros, Norte de Minas Gerais. Conclui-se que o futebol tinha peculiaridades inerentes ao aspecto interno, ou seja, o jornal montes-clarense Gazeta de Norte enfocava o futebol municipal, destacando os eventos da cidade em detrimento do futebol externo. Mesmo que o futebol já detivesse significativa importância, não se nota no jornal norte-mineiro crônicas análogas às feitas ao estilo de Nelson Rodrigues, supostamente refletindo o brasileiro através do futebol.
Determination of Antimicrobial and Biological Activities of Salvia sclarea L. (Lamiaceae) Extracts
Authors: KÜÇÜK Sevim , SOYER Pervin , TUNALI Yağmur 
Published: January 2019

In the present study, Salvia sclarea L. was collected during
to flowering stage in 2016, Sarıcakaya (Eskişehir/Turkey) and dried medicinal
plant materials were macerated with 70% MeOH. The antimicrobial activity of Salvia sclarea extracts was determined
with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay against Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Staphylococcus
aureus ATCC 29213 and Candida
albicans ATCC 90028. The antibiofilm activity of Salvia sclarea extracts was determined against Staphylococcus
aureus ATCC 29213 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990. And the preliminary cytotoxicity assessment of extracts was tested with
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay against model organism Artemia salina nauplii. As a
result, Salvia sclarea extract showed
remarkably antibacterial activity while it showed no effect on Candida albicans ATCC 90028. Moreover,
antibiofilm activity could not be determined. The lethality
effect also could not be determined due to high dose concentrations.
Study on the preparation and drug release property of Modified PEG-DA based hydrogels
Authors: Şenol Şebnem , Akyol Emel 
Published: January 2019

The aim of the present study is to develop hydroxyapatite modified PEG-DA and PEG-DA/HEMA based hydrogels for release of Donepezil HCl for potential treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. [2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenyl-acetophenone] (Irgacure 651), 1 Hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (Irgacure 184) and 2-Hydroxy-4'-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (Irgacure 2959) were used as photo-initiators in the synthesis of hydrogels and hydroxyapatite was used for modifying hydrogels. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and digital microscope were utilized to investigate the characteristics properties of hydrogels. Photopolymerization technique was selected to synthesize for hydrogels. Swelling and drug release studies have been performed under different pH conditions.
Séneca como personaje literario en una Europa en transformación. Consideraciones metodológicas sobre su recepción
Authors: Teodoro-Peris Josep L. 
Published: January 2019

A partir del estudio de la Historia de la vida de Lucio Anneo Séneca español (Madrid, 1625) de Juan Pablo Mártir Rizo y del Essai sur les règnes de Claude et de Néron et sur les moeurs et les écrits de Sénèque pour servir d’introduction à la lecture de ce philosophe (1782) de Denis Diderot, este artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar la relación entre las diferentes interpretaciones de los aspectos cruciales de la vida del personaje y el contexto político y filosófico en el que se conciben ambas obras. El análisis permite comprobar que, si bien Mártir Rizo desarrolla una reflexión sobre la naturaleza del poder en el marco del tacitismo, Diderot se centra en la libertad y la responsabilidad política del filósofo bajo un gobierno autocrático. Este artículo, asimismo, permite conocer ciertos aspectos de la obra de Mártir Rizo, autor poco tratado hasta ahora.
Malaria Burden and Trend Among Clients Seeking Healthcare in the Western Region: A 4-Year Retrospective Study at the Sefwi-Wiawso Municipal Hospital, Ghana
Authors: Deku John G. , Lokpo Sylvester Y. , Kye-Amoah Kenneth K. , Orish Verner N. , Ussher Francis A. , Esson Joseph , Aduko Romeo A. , Dakorah Mavis P. , Osei-Yeboah James 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Malaria cases continue to rise despite sustained efforts directed at eliminating the burden among Ghanaians. This study was aimed at describing the spectrum of malaria burden in a four-year (2013-2016) retrospective review among clients seeking care at the Sefwi-Wiawso Municipal Hospital in the Western Region of Ghana.

Materials and Methods:
The study analyzed secondary data extracted on 32,629 patients who were referred to the Laboratory for malaria testing from January 2013 to December 2016. Socio-demographic data included age and gender, department of test requisition and malaria results were obtained from the archived Daily Malaria Logbook records. Approval for the study was granted by the authorities of the Sefwi-Wiawso Municipal Hospital.

Results:
The overall confirmed malaria case was 8629 (26.5%), among under five 1,384 (58.7%), pregnant women 4451 (20.3%) and 14.1% among asymptomatic population. Significant gender disparity in the confirmation of suspected malaria cases was observed with males recording higher rate (45.8%) than females (36.7%). The peak of the malaria epidemic was observed in the wet season (195 cases per month), compared to the dry season (133 cases per month).

Conclusion:
Cases of malaria is increasing with high rates among vulnerable groups in the Western Region. There is the need to intensify efforts to reduce the burden in the study area especially among vulnerable groups.
Positive Psychosocial Factors Associated with the University Student’s Engagement
Authors: Durón-Ramos Maria Fernanda , García Vázquez Fernanda Inéz , Lagares Lucia Poggio 
Published: January 2019

Background:Student’s performance comes from the engagement they have with the academic activities of their institution. This conviction is determined by multiple factors both internal and external. Student´s engagement is a key factor in academic performance at the university.Objective:The aim of this study of this study was to find the relationship between the factors of emotional intelligence, orientation to happiness and positive social relationships within the school with the engagement of university students in a population of Mexico.Method:A stratified probabilistic sampling of students from a public higher education institution in the city of Guaymas, Sonora, was conducted. A total of 226 students answered the self-report, 52% were women, and 48% were men. A model of structural equations was performed to evaluate the relationships between the studied factors.Results:The results show that positive factors, both social (relationships with teachers and classmates) and personal (emotional intelligence and orientation to happiness), maintain a direct and significant relationship with the university student’s engagement.Conclusion:To improve the student’s engagement in university activities is necessary to promote personal issues such as emotional intelligence and orientation to happiness. It is also important to foster good social relationships with teachers and classmates.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCIENCE LITERACY TO IMPROVE SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Avikasari Avikasari , Rukayah Rukayah , Indriayu Mintasih 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of the use of science literacy teaching materials on improving science learning achievement of fourth grade elementary school students. The method used was research and development. The quasi-experimental with simple random sampling was used to select the sampling. In the implementation of the test, two sample groups were used, namely the experimental group and the control group. The testing phase of this product was carried out in two elementary schools in Gunungpati sub-district with a sample of 56 students of grade IV elementary school in the 2017/2018 school year. They consisted of 30 students of elementary school A and 26 students of elementary school B. The data were collected using tests. The results show that science-based science literacy teaching materials were effective in improving student learning achievement with the t-test calculation of 0.031. The results of the t test prove the difference between pretest and posttest values in the control and experimental groups. It can be concluded that the use of science teaching materials based on science literacy is effective to improve science learning achievement of fourth grade elementary school students.KEEFEKTIFAN PENGGUNAAN BAHAN AJAR SCIENCE LITERACY TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJARAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan penggunaan bahan ajar science literacy terhadap peningkatan prestasi belajar IPA siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen semu (Quasi-eksperimental) dengan simple random sampling. Dalam pelaksanaan pengujian digunakan dua kelompok sampel, yaitu kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Tahap pengujian produk ini laksanakan pada dua sekolah dasar di kecamatan gunungpati dengan sampel adalah 56 siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar pada Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018 yang terdiri atas 30 siswa SD A dan 26 siswa SD B. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan ajar IPA berbasis science literacy efektif meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa dengan hasil perhitungan uji-t sebesar 0,031. Hasil uji-t tersebut membuktikan adanya perbedaan nilai pretest dan posttest pada kelompok kontrol dan eksperimen. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan bahan ajar IPA berbasis science literacy efektif untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar IPA siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar.
Clinical Outcomes of Failing to Dose-Reduce Cephalosporin Antibiotics in Older Adults with CKD
Authors: Bathini Lavanya , Jandoc Racquel , Kuwornu Paul , McArthur Eric , Weir Matthew A. , Sood Manish M. , Battistella Marisa , Muanda Flory T. , Liu Aiden , Jain Arsh K. , Garg Amit X. 
Published: January 2019

Background and objectives
Current dosing recommendations for cephalosporin antibiotics are on the basis of pharmacokinetic studies and are frequently ignored in practice. This study was undertaken to investigate the clinical outcomes of failing to dose-reduce cephalosporin antibiotics in CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Retrospective cohort study conducted in Ontario, Canada using linked population-based health care databases. Nine thousand three hundred forty-seven outpatients (median age 83; interquartile range, 77–88 years; 57% women) with an eGFR<30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and no prior history of dialysis were dispensed oral cephalexin, cefuroxime, or cefprozil between April of 2007 and March of 2016. Two thirds of the patients (6253 of 9347) received a higher than recommended daily dose of cephalexin (>1000 mg), cefuroxime (>500 mg), or cefprozil (>500 mg). The primary outcome was a hospital encounter (emergency room visit or hospital admission) with a condition listed as a possible side-effect of cephalosporins. Secondary outcomes were antibiotic treatment failure and all-cause mortality. All measures were assessed in the 30 days after cephalosporin initiation.

Results
Patients who received a higher than recommended dose of a cephalosporin antibiotic were similar in multiple indicators of baseline health to patients who received a reduced dose. Overall, 6% of patients presented to hospital with a possible cephalosporin side-effect, 13% failed antibiotic treatment, and 3% died. Compared with a reduced dose, receiving a higher dose of antibiotic was not associated with a different rate of side-effects (adjusted odds ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.84 to 1.20), treatment failure (1.01; 0.88 to 1.15), or death (0.99; 0.76 to 1.29).

Conclusions
In this study we failed to demonstrate any association between the dose of cephalosporin antibiotic administered to elderly patients with CKD and the risk of side-effects leading to hospitalization, treatment failure, or mortality.
Caracterización de la población usuaria que ingresa al programa interrupción legal del embarazo en un hospital del sector salud del DF
Authors: Bernal Becerril Martha Lilia , Hernández Ruiz Yoali Yeyetlzi , Mercader Arroyo Fernanda , Guerrero Labastida Alma Teresa , Ponce Gómez Gandhy 
Published: January 2019

Introducción: El embarazo no deseado, lleva a la mujer a practicarse un aborto. De acuerdo a International Projects Assistance Services (IPAS) en México, el aborto y sus complicaciones son la 5ª causa de muerte materna. En el D.F. la despenalización de la interrupción del embarazo antes de las 12 semanas de gestación es una ley, lo que ha significado derecho a elegir voluntaria y libremente sobre la maternidad y por lo tanto a decidir la interrupción de un embarazo. Objetivo: Caracterizar a la población que acude al programa de Interrupción Legal del Embarazo (ILE) en un hospital del sector salud del D.F. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, encuestando a 61 mujeres, que deseaban ingresar al programa ILE y aceptaron participar en el estudio. Se realizó y aplicó un instrumento de valoración con 27 ítems. Resultados: Mujeres asistentes al ILE de entre 16 y 42 años; el 46% se dedican al hogar; 50% solteras y el resto en unión libre o casadas; el 23% reportó no emplear ningún método para control de la natalidad. Principales razones para acudir al programa ILE: problemas económicos (36%), embarazo no deseado (20%), paridad satisfecha (20%). Principal sentimiento que despierta el ingreso al programa ILE: tranquilidad (82%). El 100% de las mujeres sometidas a ILE aseguran haber sido tratadas con ética y dignidad. Discusión: Se concuerda con Gutmacher que la legalización de la interrupción del embarazo coincide con el incremento en solicitudes de la mujer a este procedimiento. Respecto a las razones tales como embarazo no deseado y los problemas económicos, ello corresponde con los resultados de la encuesta IPSOS- Bimsa para Population Council en la población Mexicana. Conclusiones. Debe ser creciente la calidad de atención a la salud reproductiva, se debe priorizar en la prevención de embarazos no deseados, orientando y educando a la población y ofreciendo métodos de planificación a hombres y mujeres con vida sexual activa.
¿Para qué estudiar el síndrome de burnout en el personal de enfermería en México? Precisiones metodológicas para el desarrollo de una línea de investigación
Authors: Fernández García Victoria , Zarate Grajales Rosa A. , Lartigue Becerra Teresa 
Published: January 2019

Introducción: Diversos estudios internacionales buscan determinar la contribución del estrés laboral al problema de la escasez de enfermeras y sus efectos en la calidad del paciente. En México existe poca información sobre la magnitud del estrés laboral en enfermeras y la diversidad de metodologías y criterios utilizados para medirlo dificulta la comparación en distintos contextos nacionales. A partir de la revisión de las publicaciones nacionales, en este trabajo se discuten aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos para aproximarse al estudio del SB, con la finalidad de definir una línea de investigación que corresponda a la realidad de la práctica profesional en nuestro país. Desarrollo: Se revisa el concepto central de estrés laboral, el instrumento y los aspectos críticos para determinar la prevalencia, las teorías y modelos desarrollados en el estudio del SB, así como los diferentes niveles de análisis y relaciones a estudiar dentro del modelo del clima organizacional. Conclusiones. Es necesario desarrollar líneas de investigación utilizando un instrumento que permita la comparación y estableciendo claramente las bases teóricas subyacentes en el análisis de las relaciones del SB con las diferentes variables. Asimismo, se requiere información sobre las características organizacionales de los hospitales o unidades de salud en las que se generan las prevalencias reportadas, así como los coeficientes pacientes/enfermera relacionadas con las mismas y preferentemente, incluir una variable de resultado en la salud del paciente, de la enfermera o de la organización De esta manera sería posible conocer la prevalencia de SB, los factores asociados a su origen, a sus efectos y posibles soluciones.