bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal and mechanical properties of CeO2
Authors: Suzuki Kiichi , Kato Masato , Sunaoshi Takeo , Uno Hiroki , Carvajal‐Nunez Ursula , Nelson Andrew T. , McClellan Kenneth J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe thermal and mechanical properties of cerium dioxide (CeO2) were assessed using a range of experimental techniques. The oxygen potential of CeO2 was measured by the thermogravimetric technique, and a numerical fit for the oxygen potential of CeO2 is derived based on defect chemistry. Mechanical properties of CeO2 were obtained using sound velocity measurement, resonant ultrasound spectroscopy and nanoindentation. The obtained mechanical properties of CeO2 are then used to evaluate the Debye temperature and Grüneisen constant. The heat capacity and thermal conductivity of CeO2 were also calculated using the Debye temperature and the Grüneisen constant. Finally, the thermal conductivity was calculated based upon laser flash analysis measurements performed on pellets fabricated using a range of feedstock purities to resolve discrepancies in the existing literature.
Impact of administration mode on Oro‐facial Appearance assessment using the Oro‐facial Esthetic Scale
Authors: Neophytou Sophia , Sierwald Ira , Michelaki Ioanna , Reissmann Daniel R. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundOro‐facial Appearance is increasingly recognised as an important component of patient‐reported outcomes in dentistry. While the Oro‐facial Esthetic Scale (OES) has sufficient psychometric properties to characterise dental patient's global assessment of Oro‐facial Appearance, the equivalence of alternative methods of administration has not been demonstrated so far.ObjectiveAim of this study was to investigate whether and to what extent method of administration affectsOESscores.MethodsParticipants were recruited as convenience sample of 42 adult dental patients registered for a regular recall visit and with no actual need of dental interventions. Oro‐facial Appearance was assessed using the German version of theOESapplying three methods of administration: (a) face‐to‐face interview, (b) self‐administered questionnaire and (c) telephone interview, in a randomised order with a period of about one week between assessments.ResultsOro‐facial Esthetic Scale summary scores did not differ substantially or statistically significantly between the different methods of administration (two‐wayANOVA;P = 0.209). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for pairwise comparisons of administration modes ranged from 0.67 to 0.84 indicating fair to excellent test‐retest reliability. Internal consistency was satisfactory with lower limits of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.82 to 0.88 for the administration modes. Correlations of theOESsummary score with a single item assessing global Oro‐facial Appearance supported convergent validity with lower limits of theCIof the correlation coefficients ranging between 0.58 and 0.75.ConclusionThe administration mode has no significant impact on Oro‐facial Appearance assessment when using theOES.
New viral biomarkers for Hepatitis B: Are we able to change practice?
Authors: Höner zu Siederdissen Christoph , Maasoumy Benjamin , Cornberg Markus 
Published: September 2018

Summary
The management of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is challenged by its varying natural course and its stealthy nature. Not all HBV‐infected patients will develop complications of infection; however, it is of utmost importance to identify patients who are at risk and require antiviral treatment and/or close surveillance. Hepatic inflammation and quantification of HBV DNA have guided treatment decisions in the last decade, and these guided interventions have been shown to reduce liver‐related complications and death. Data on the quantification of additional HBV markers such as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) and hepatitis B virus RNA (HBV RNA) have accumulated in recent years. Here, we review the current evidence of how to use these markers and discuss open issues that require additional research.
Screening haemodialysis patients for hepatitis C in Vietnam: The inconsistency between common hepatitis C virus serological and virological tests
Authors: Duong Minh Cuong , McLaws Mary‐Louise 
Published: September 2018

SummarySelecting the appropriate screening method and interval for the early detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in low‐resourced haemodialysis settings is a challenge. The challenge occurs when patients are classified as HCV‐RNA positive but negative to HCV‐core antigen (HCV‐coreAg), anti‐HCV and genotyping tests. We aim to clarify the inconsistency between HCV‐RNA, HCV‐coreAg, anti‐HCV and HCV genotyping tests in haemodialysis patients and determine the reliability of HCV‐coreAg as a routine two‐monthly screening strategy. Haemodialysis patients were tested every 2 months between 2012 and 2014 at the largest district haemodialysis unit in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, for aminotransferases, anti‐HCV antibodies, HCV‐coreAg, HCV‐RNA and HCV genotype. HCV‐coreAg and anti‐HCV results were tested against HCV‐RNA for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV). All 201 patients participated in the study. The HCV‐coreAg test performed better than the anti‐HCV test for sensitivity (100% vs 31%), NPV (100% vs 90%) and accuracy (100% vs 90%). The HCV‐coreAg and anti‐HCV tests performed no differently for specificity (100% and 98%, respectively) or PPV (100% and 73%, respectively). Kappa values for HCV‐coreAg and anti‐HCV tests were 1 and 0.39, respectively. Early detection of HCV for the purpose of infection prevention requires a high level of sensitivity and HCV‐coreAg performed better in our chronic haemodialysis population as a two‐monthly screening method than routine anti‐HCV testing. HCV‐coreAg test is less labour‐intensive with a higher level of accuracy in patients with low viral loads making it cost effective for low‐resourced settings. Repeating genotyping may be required in HCV‐coreAg positive patients with a low viral load.
Hepatitis C virus surveillance and identification of human pegivirus 2 in a large Cameroonian cohort
Authors: Rodgers Mary A. , Holzmayer Vera , Vallari Ana , Olivo Ana , Forberg Kenn , Fuhrman Jill , Coller Kelly E. , Awazi Bih , Kenmegne Sidje Jules Bertrand , Frankel Matthew B. , Berg Michael G. , Mbanya Dora , Ndembi Nicaise , Cloherty Gavin A. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the presence of human pegivirus 2 (HPgV‐2) have not been examined in Cameroon, although HCV has been associated with HPgV‐2 infections previously. Herein we aimed to characterize the burden and genetic diversity of HCV and the presence of HPgV‐2 in Cameroon. Retrospective plasma specimens collected from N = 12 369 consenting subjects in South Cameroon from 2013 to 2016 were included in the study. The majority (97.1%) of participants were patients seeking health care. All specimens were screened for HCV using the Abbott RealTime HCV viral load assay and positive specimens with remaining volume were also screened for HPgV‐2 antibodies on the Abbott ARCHITECT instrument, followed by molecular characterization. Overall, HCV RNA was detected in 305 (2.47%; 95% CI: 2.21%‐2.75%) specimens. Notably, the prevalence of HCV RNA was 9.09% amongst participants over age 40 and 3.81% amongst males. Phylogenetic classification of N = 103 HCV sequences identified genotypes 1 (19.4%), 2 (15.5%) and 4 (65.1%) within the study cohort. Amongst HCV RNA‐positive specimens, N = 28 (10.6%; 95% CI: 7.44%‐14.90%) specimens also had detectable HPgV‐2 antibodies. Of these, N = 2 viremic HPgV‐2 infections were confirmed by sequencing and shared 93‐94 median % identity with strains found on other continents. This is the first study to determine the prevalence of chronic HCV in Cameroon, and the discovery of HPgV‐2 in this study cohort expands the geography of HPgV‐2 to the African continent, indicating a widespread distribution exists.
Women representing Ireland in the seventeenth century: From English idyll to Irish nightmare
Authors: Eckerle Julie A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough Ireland figures large in the life writing, or auto/biographical writing, of early modern Englishwomen, the past few decades' attention to early modern women's life writing has given little attention to the presence of Ireland in these texts or, more significantly, to the formative role of Ireland on the writers' world views and textual choices. In this essay, therefore, I provide a survey of the four most common representations of Ireland that appear in this body of work. These include an idealized version of Ireland as a mini‐England; the inverse depiction of Ireland as a kind of nightmare landscape; and slightly less morally laden versions of Ireland as a site of rich potential for individual transformation or as a land of mystery and somewhat exoticized otherness. Although Irishwomen's narratives about Ireland also deserve more attention, and although the question of individual identity—including “English” and “Irish”—is incredibly fraught in this particular context, this initial survey will create a foundation on which further scholarship can be built.
Positive familial history for metabolic traits predisposes to early and more severe alcoholic cirrhosis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bhadoria Ajeet Singh , Kedarisetty Chandan Kumar , Bihari Chhagan , Kumar Guresh , Jindal Ankur , Bhardwaj Ankit , Shasthry Varsha , Benjamin Jaya , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsFamilial aggregation of metabolic traits in NAFLD is well documented. However, relevance of these traits in alcoholic cirrhosis is not well studied. We aimed to explore the association of family history of metabolic traits with age at diagnosis, severity and complications of alcoholic cirrhosis.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, all consecutive patients with alcoholic cirrhosis presenting to our tertiary care centre were included. Family and personal history, demographic characteristics, medical history, anthropometric measurements and laboratory data were recorded. The amount and duration of alcohol consumption were also carefully recorded.ResultsOut of 1084 alcoholic cirrhotics (age 48.5 ± 10.1 years, all males), family history for metabolic traits was documented in 688 (63.5%) patients. These patients had younger age at diagnosis, increased incidence of jaundice, ascites, variceal bleed and hepatic encephalopathy with consequently higher MELD and CTP score. These patients developed cirrhosis despite shorter median duration (13 years, IQR 7‐20 vs 21, IQR 18‐25) and lesser amount of alcohol consumption (74 g/d, IQR 24‐96 vs 144, IQR 100‐148). Patients with both family and personal history of metabolic traits had a higher risk by 3.3 times (95% CI 2.2‐4.8) of an early age at diagnosis, 13.2 times (95% CI 8.7‐20.1) of progression to cirrhosis with lesser amount of alcohol consumption and 4.6 times (95% CI 3.1‐6.9) with lesser duration of alcohol consumption.ConclusionsPositive family and personal history of metabolic traits predispose to alcoholic cirrhosis with an earlier age at onset and more severity despite lesser exposure to alcohol.
Venom gland size and venom complexity—essential trophic adaptations of venomous predators: A case study using spiders
Authors: Pekár Stano , Bočánek Ondřej , Michálek Ondřej , Petráková Lenka , Haddad Charles R. , Šedo Ondrej , Zdráhal Zbyněk 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSpecialized predators possess a variety of adaptations. In venomous predators, this may include the size of the venom gland and venom composition. It is expected that due to different foraging strategies, predators with a wide trophic niche (generalists) should possess larger venom glands that contain more diversified components than predators with a narrow niche (specialists). We focused on spiders, as the most diversified group of venomous predators, in which a wide variety of trophic strategies have evolved. We conducted a comparative analysis using 40 spider species, in which we measured the size of their venom gland and venom complexity using proteome profiling methods. The species were classified into three trophic groups: generalists, facultative specialists and obligatory specialists. We found that the venom glands of generalists are larger than those of obligatory specialists, which is presumably due to more frequent prey capture by the former. The complexity of venom of peptides (2–15 kDa) and proteins (15–250 kDa) was more diverse in generalists than in specialists. Multivariate analysis of venom revealed significant differences among the three trophic categories only in the complexity of peptides. Our study thus shows that venom gland size and its content have taken different pathways during the evolution of different trophic strategies in spiders. Generalists evolved larger venom glands with more complex composition, whereas obligatory specialists possess smaller glands with less diverse chemical structures.
Identification and biofilm development by a new fungal keratitis aetiologic agent
Authors: Calvillo‐Medina Rosa Paulina , Martínez‐Neria Magda , Mena‐Portales Julio , Barba‐Escoto Luis , Raymundo Tania , Campos‐Guillén Juan , Jones George H. , Reyes‐Grajeda Juan Pablo , González‐y‐Merchand Jorge Alberto , Bautista‐de Lucio Victor Manuel 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundIn recent years, human keratitis caused by fungal plant pathogens has become more common. Biofilm is a structure that confers adaptations and virulence to fungi in keratitis. Neoscytalidium spp. are phytopathogenic and recently have been recognised as a human pathogen, using biofilm formation as a virulence factor.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was isolation, identification (at the species level) and characterisation of a new fungal keratitis agent.Patients/methodsThe fungus was isolated from a 67‐year‐old male patient with a corneal ulcer. Biofilm formation and structure were evaluated by colorimetric methods and microscopy. To identify the fungus, morphological characteristics were examined and a phylogenetic analysis was performed.Results and conclusionsWe report the identification of a fungus, a member of the genus Neoscytalidium which is associated with human keratitis. Phylogenetic analysis and morphological observations on conidiogenous cells, which occur only in arthric chains in aerial mycelium and the coelomycetous synasexual morph is absent, identified a new species, Neoscytalidium oculus sp. nov. The fungus formed biofilm at a concentration of 1 × 106 conidia/mL, during 96 hours of incubation at 37°C, and also manifested haemolysis and melanin production. This is the first report in Latin America of a new species of Neoscytalidium from a clinical isolate has been identified.
Motivators of adherence to integrated management among patients with chronic kidney disease: A qualitative study
Authors: Chironda Geldine , Bhengu Busisiwe Rosemary 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe integrated management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) demands significant changes, as patients need to adhere to dialysis, medication, and dietary and fluid restrictions. Therefore, there is a need to identify the motivators of adherence to improve the quality of life of these patients. The aim of the present study was to explore the motivators of adherence to integrated management among patients with CKD in South Africa. A phenomenological design was used. A sample size of 12 participants was selected according to data saturation. The purposive sampling method was used to select the participants. Data were collected with the help of a semistructured interview schedule developed from the literature. A thematic framework analysis was conducted to identify the motivators of adherence to integrated management; these were found to be family support, anxiety about eligibility for kidney transplant, support of other patients, awareness of complications associated with non‐adherence to integrated management, and fear of being removed from the CKD program. Identified motivators could be used to develop specific interventions that address or foster adherence behavior as a requirement for integrated management.
Prevalence of malocclusion in children with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Galeotti Angela , Festa Paola , Viarani Valeria , D'Antò Vincenzo , Sitzia Emanuela , Piga Simone , Pavone Martino 
Published: September 2018

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo describe the prevalence of malocclusions in 2‐ to 10‐year‐old children suffering from obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and to evaluate the association between occlusal variables and OSA.Setting and Sample PopulationA total of 2101 consecutive patients referred to an otorhinolaryngology unit were considered for the study. One hundred and fifty‐six children (range 2‐10 years) with suspected OSA were selected for a sleep study. The final sample consisted of 139 children suffering from OSA and a control group of 137 children.Materials and MethodsAll patients included in the study underwent a clinical orthodontic examination to record the following occlusal variables: primary canine relationship, presence of a posterior crossbite, overjet and overbite. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, comparing the demographic characteristics and dental parameters in OSA vs non‐OSA children, were computed. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed to compare independent variables associated with OSA to non‐OSA children.ResultsThe prevalence of malocclusions in children with OSA was 89.9% compared to 60.6% in the control group (P < 0.001). Factors independently associated with OSA compared to the control group were posterior crossbite (OR = 3.38; 95%CI:1.73‐6.58), reduced overbite (OR = 2.43; 95%CI:1.15‐5.15.), increased overbite (OR = 2.19; 95%CI:1.12‐4.28) and increased overjet (OR = 4.25; 95%CI:1.90‐9.48).ConclusionsThis study showed a high prevalence of malocclusion in children with OSA compared to the control group. The posterior crossbite and deviations in overjet and overbite were significantly associated with OSA. The presence of these occlusal features shows the importance of an orthodontic evaluation in screening for paediatric OSA.
Thyroid dermopathy and acropachy in pediatric patients
Authors: Kraus Christina N. , Sodha Pooja , Vaidyanathan Priya , Kirkorian A. Yasmine 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe extrathyroid manifestations of Graves disease (GD) include thyroid orbitopathy, dermopathy, and acropachy. Thyroid dermopathy (TD), also known as pretibial myxedema, classically presents as nonpitting edema or plaquelike lesions on the pretibial region, while thyroid acropachy (TA) is seen in cases of severe TD, characterized by soft tissue swelling and clubbing of fingers and toes, as well as a periosteal reaction of the bones of the hands and feet. Both TD and TA are rare manifestations of thyroid disease and uncommonly reported in pediatric patients. Our aim was to increase awareness of dermatological manifestations associated with pediatric GD and review the literature of pediatric thyroid dermopathy as well as report a case of acropachy in a child.
Chronic granulomatous skin lesions leading to a diagnosis of TAP1 deficiency syndrome
Authors: Law‐Ping‐Man Sarah , Toutain Fabienne , Rieux‐Laucat Frédéric , Picard Capucine , Kammerer‐Jacquet Solène , Magérus‐Chatinet Aude , Dupuy Alain , Adamski Henri 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTransporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is essential for the stabilization and surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules of all nucleated cells. TAP deficiency syndrome, also known as bare lymphocyte syndrome type I, is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder. We report a case of TAP1 deficiency revealed by skin lesions long before the occurrence of respiratory infectious manifestations.
Child restraint orientation: Accuracy of information on Japanese websites
Authors: Nakahara Shinji , Nakajima Yukari , Sakamoto Tetsuya 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundChild restraints provide maximum protection when used appropriately, but seat orientation (rear‐ or forward‐facing) according to child development is often misunderstood, and the information provided can be inaccurate. This study examined the accuracy of information in Japanese on seat orientation found on the Internet.MethodsWe searched websites in Japanese on Google regarding information on recommended seat orientation for young children and examined the first 50 sites based on the search rankings for the criteria on when to allow children to ride in forward‐facing seats.ResultsNone of the examined websites included information that was consistent with the recommendation of the Japan Pediatric Society (i.e. age must be at least 1 year old and weight, at least 10 kg). The most common mistake was that weight alone could determine timing.ConclusionsMore vigorous efforts are needed to disseminate evidence‐based information about seat orientation to protect child passengers.
Misreporting trade: Tariff evasion, corruption, and auditing standards
Authors: Kellenberg Derek , Levinson Arik 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOfficial international trade statistics report commerce between every pair of countries twice: once for the importing country and once for the exporter. In principle, the two values differ only by transport costs, but as has long been recognized, they also differ systematically with product‐level tariffs. We aggregate across products to construct a dataset of annual aggregate bilateral trade, separately for the importer and exporter reports. With these data, we show that the reporting differences also vary systematically with country characteristics aside from tariffs: incomes, auditing standards, corruption, and trade agreements.
Services policy reform and manufacturing employment: Evidence from transition economies
Authors: Fiorini Matteo , Hoekman Bernard , Malgouyres Clément 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPolicy reforms targeting the services sectors are a neglected dimension of the process of structural transformation and economic development. The effects of such reforms on employment across industries as a function of their use of services as intermediate inputs are theoretically ambiguous and remain largely understudied. This paper uses sector‐level data for 24 transition economies for the 1990–2012 period to assess the impacts of services policy reforms on downstream manufacturing employment. We find a negative effect of services reforms on manufacturing sector employment. This is mostly associated with the process of transition to a market‐based economy. Controlling for transition‐specific dynamics, the data suggest a neutral effect of progress towards adopting “best practice” policies for upstream services on employment in downstream manufacturing. Furthermore, in line with the extant literature, we confirm that services policy reforms enhance productivity of downstream manufacturing industries. Finally, we find that the negative effects on downstream employment are mitigated in countries with better economic governance and human capital.