bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automation of Aseptic Sterile Preparation: Risk Analysis and Productivity Comparison with Manual Process
Authors: Heloury Jeanne , Bouguéon Guillaume , Deljehier Thomas , Jourand Audrey , Berroneau Aude , Crauste-Manciet Sylvie 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Two automation methods for aseptic preparation in hospital pharmacy, robot and peristaltic pump, were compared to manual process both for risk analysis using Failure Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) method and for productivity using time analysis grids built for each process.
The results obtained with the different workflow organizations showed that the worst-case conditions for productivity was production “on demand” of tailor-made preparations. in that case, the manual process was not significantly different from the robotic process (p-value=0.72). For the standardized preparations, the semi-automatic process preparing a batch from bulk solution from “to be reconstituted” drugs was significantly superior to the robotic process preparing repetitive series of doses (p-value<0.01). Productivity of the robot was dramatically increased when the robot performed standardized preparations either from ready to use solutions or mixed cycles due to the robot design. When different processes were FMECA analyzed for risk analysis the robotic process was found as the safer process in comparison to others with a total of Criticality Indexes of 1060, 719, 656 for manual, semi-automatic and robot, respectively. Except for the robotic, semi-automatic and manual processes needed additional IT control systems to limit the risk of failures.
Environmentally Friendly Monolithic Highly-Porous Biocarbons as Binder-Free Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Orlova Tatiana S. , Shpeizman Vitaly V. , Glebova Nadejda V. , Nechitailov AndreyA. , Spitsyn Andrey A. , Ponomarev Dmitry A. , Gutierrez-Pardo Antonio , Ramirez-Rico Joaquin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A simple, low-cost and environmentally friendly method has been used to obtain highly porous biomorphic carbon monoliths with a good combination of interconnected macro-, mesoand microporosity, and good electrical conductivity and mechanical strength, making these biocarbon materials interesting for electrochemical applications as binder-free electrodes. Highly porous monolithic biocarbons were obtained from beech wood precursors through pyrolysis and subsequent surface modification in a steam heated to 970°C with different activation times. The obtained biocarbons demonstrated good electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. They were studied as electrodes for supercapacitors in half cell experiments, demonstrating maximum gravimetric capacitance of 200 F g-1 in a basic media at scan rate 1 mV s-1. Galvanostatic charge-discharge experiments showed maximum capacitance of 185 F g-1 at current density of 0.15 A g-1 and ~100 F g-1 at current density of 0.75 A g-1. It has been shown that in addition to the developed porous surface, the micropores with diameters exceeding 1 nm play a key role for the enhanced electrochemical capacity. Long-cycling experiments demonstrated excellent stability of the monolithic biocarbon electrodes with no reduction of the initial capacitance values after 600 cycles in voltammetry.
Copper Pentagonal Micropyramids Grown by Mechanically Activated Electrodeposition
Authors: Vikarchuk A.A. , Gryzunova N.N. , Gutkin M.Yu. , Romanov A.E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The formation of copper pentagonal micropyramids (PMPs) with high (multiatomic) spiral growth steps, which are grown by electrocrystallization with mechanical activation of the cathode, is studied experimentally. A new spiral-layer growth mechanism for the formation of such PMP is proposed. It is shown that PMPs grow on flat pentagonal microcrystals (PMCs) formed initially and containing fivefold twins with one of the twin boundaries being inclined by the angle of 35°16’ to the {110}-type substrate crystallographic plane. Such crystal geometry causes an inclined growth step on the PMC surface. The preferential deposition of metal atoms on this step leads to the spiral-layer PMC growth and the formation of PMPs with a structure inherited from the PMCs.
Threading Screw Dislocations in a Two-Phase Plate and a Two-Phase Sphere
Authors: Kolesnikova A.L. , Gutkin M.Yu. , Romanov A.E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A screw dislocation perpendicular to free surfaces and an interface in a two-phase plate, and a screw dislocation piercing a two-phase hollow sphere are considered. The analytical solutions of the boundary-value problems have been found for the first time with the help of the virtual defects technique. Elastic fields of the screw dislocation in the plate are presented in the form of integrals with Bessel functions. Elastic fields of the screw dislocation in the hollow sphere have the form of series with Legendre polynomials. Stress distributions in both of the considered geometries are plotted. The influence of the geometric parameters of the considered solids and the ratio of the shear moduli on the stresses is analyzed. The interaction of a screw dislocation with a parallel edge dislocation is discussed.
Processing and Characterization of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites: An Overview
Authors: Pasha Mudasar B. A. , Kaleemulla Mohammed 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn increased interest is observed in recent years in the processing of aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs) due to their remarkable properties such as light in weight, very high strength, environmental resistance, corrosion resistance, and low thermal coefficient of expansion compared to conventional metal and alloys. This leads to superior compressive strength, for fuel cell applications, low density and low cost for automotive and small engine applications. Homogeneous distribution of the reinforcement phase in turns improves hardness and ultimate tensile strength for lightweight applications, especially aeronautical and high-speed train industries. Uniform distribution of reinforcement directly influences properties and quality of the composite material. And develop a conventional low-cost method of producing metal matrix composites to obtain a homogenous dispersion of reinforcing materials. In this review article, processing and characterization of aluminum metal matrix composites have been reviewed. The Point of convergence is given to the new fabrication techniques, their physical and mechanical characterization. Substantially this review article censoriously reviews the present and past state of understanding of the processing of aluminum metal matrix composites with different reinforcement. The resulting failure mechanisms are discussed. Instructions are given to clarify open questions related to the fabrications of aluminum metal matrix composites.
Thermodynamics of Natural Pigment-Doped Ethanol under Monochromatic Laser Irradiation
Authors: Icaza Herrera Miguel de , Castaño Víctor M. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A laser beam heats a mixture of ethanol and anthocyanins producing the effect of a reciprocating machine. This behaviour is analyzed in terms of the stable, metastable and unstable states of Landau and Lifschitz. Trying first with the van der Waals equation of state, with negative results because the system state is normally far from the critical state, a modified version, with van der Waals coefficients depending linearly on the temperature is proposed, based in the thermodynamic properties of ethanol at room and critical temperatures. The resulting theory allows us to understand the discontinuous results concerning the absorption of the laser beam in terms of a thermodynamic cycle and its frequency dependence on the laser light focus position. Slight changes in the experimental setup may enable the measurement of thermodynamic properties in metastable states.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Linear Friction Welded Titanium Subjected to ECAP
Authors: Zhilyaev A.P. , Kashaev R.M. , Khusnullin A.M. , Raab G.I. , Calvo J. , Cabrera J.M. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Commercially pure (Grade 4) titanium specimens with two types of microstructure (coarse-grained and nanostructured by means of equal channel angular pressing) were joined by linear friction welding (LFW). Microhardness measurements, tensile and compression tests as well as fracture surface inspection by scanning electron microscopy revealed similarity in tensile properties and significant discrepancy in compression behavior of two types of Ti specimens. Tensile test shows that fracture occurs in both cases in a region of heat affected zone. Fracture surface analysis displayed mostly ductile mode. In case of compression test coarse-grained titanium linear friction welded demonstrates a pronounced strain hardening region without fracture but nanostructured LFW titanium shows typical plastic behavior with mixing of brittle-ductile mode of rupture in the welding zone.
Autohesion of Inorganic Compound Powders
Authors: Smirnov A.V. , Tarasovskii V. P. , Belov V. V. , Rybal’chenko V. V. , Vasin A. A. , Sidortsova O. L. , Shlyapin A. D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The article begins with analytical review of the works performed from 1940 up to nowadays, concerning the phenomenon of autohesion in the powders of inorganic compounds. The issues of terminology are concerned, the difference is discussed between the phenomena of autohesion, adhesion, and cohesion. Three groups of the components of autohesion forces are considered: van der Waals and electrical forces, cohesion and capillary forces and mechanical cohesion, as well as internal and external factors affecting these forces. The second part of the article is devoted to the results of experiments performed to study the influence of the autohesion forces on the properties of friable inorganic powder materials. In particular, the rheological properties of powders were studied by static and dynamic methods on four kinds of electrocorundum powder with similar particle size and particle size distribution corresponding to the class of grinding powders F1200 according to FEPA standard. Special attention is paid to assessing the effect of humidity on technological properties of the powder, obtained by spray drying of ceramic slurry. This powder is widely used as a component of building mixes. The authors came to conclusion that detailed study is necessary of the autohesion effect on the parameters of friable systems for the rational choice of technological modes. The work can be useful for researchers and practitioners associated with the problems of processing, storage and transportation of powder materials.
Synthesis, crystal structure and photoluminescence of [Rh(III)(phpy)2(dithiooxamide)]Cl (phpy = 2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl)
Authors: Vogler Arnd , Bodensteiner Michael 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The salt [Rh(III)(phpy)2(dtoxa)]Cl with phpy = 2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl anion and dtoxa = dithiooxamide has been characterized by its crystal structure and its electronic spectra. Since Rh(III) is rather redox-inert, the lowest-energy excited state of the complex cation is of the IL (dtoxa) type. In the solid state as well as in solution the complex is luminescent and displays a dtoxa IL phosphorescence at λ
max = 607 nm with φϕ = 10−3 and τ = 3.7 ns in CH2Cl2.
Methanol C–O Bond Activation by Free Gold Clusters Probed via Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy
Authors: Lang Sandra M. , Bernhardt Thorsten M. , Bakker Joost M. , Yoon Bokwon , Landman Uzi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The activation of methanol (CD3OD and CD3OH) by small cationic gold clusters has been investigated via infrared multiphoton dissociation (IR-MPD) spectroscopy in the 615–1760 cm−1 frequency range. The C–O stretch mode around 925 cm−1 and a coupled CD3 deformation/C–O stretch mode around 1085 cm−1 are identified to be sensitive to the interaction between methanol and the gold clusters, whereas all other modes in the investigated spectral region remain unaffected. Based on the spectral shift of these modes, the largest C–O bond activation is observed for the mono-gold Au(CD3OD)+ cluster. This activation decreases with increasing the cluster size (number of gold atoms) and the number of adsorbed methanol molecules. Supporting density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the C–O bond activation is caused by a methanol to gold charge donation, whereas the C–D and O–D bonds are not significantly activated by this process. The results are discussed with respect to previous experimental and theoretical investigations of neutral and cationic gold-methanol complexes focusing on the C–O stretch mode.
Reliability and Validity of a New Portable Tethered Sprint Running Test as a Measure of Maximal Anaerobic Performance
Authors: Limmer Mirjam , Berkholz Alina , de Marées Markus , Platen Petra 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Limmer, M, Berkholz, A, de Marées, M, and Platen, P. Reliability and validity of a new portable tethered sprint running test as a measure of maximal anaerobic performance. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2197–2204, 2020—The purposes of this study were to develop a new portable tethered sprint running (PTSR) test for field-based anaerobic performance testing with restricted spatial conditions and the logistical challenge of carrying test equipment, and to determine reliability of the PTSR test. For validity, performance measures were compared with the cycle ergometer Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) power outputs. Twelve recreationally active men and women (24.3 ± 1.6 years; 1.77 ± 0.07 m; 73.3 ± 12.5 kg) performed one familiarization trial followed by 3 randomly assigned experimental 60-second all-out effort trials consisting of one WAnT and 2 PTSR tests. All trials were performed in a randomized order on different days separated by at least 48 hours. Heart rate (HR) and maximum blood lactate concentration were recorded for each experimental trial to determine the physiological responses to the maximal efforts. Correlation coefficients indicated significant relationships between mean force (MF) and peak force (PF) in the PTSR test and mean power (MP) (r = 0.651, p = 0.022) and peak power (PP) (r = 0.877, p = 0.002) in the WAnT, but not for the fatigue index (r = 0.280, p = 0.379). In addition, both PTSR trials showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) between trials and a high reliability for the performance variables MF (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.98, coefficient of variation [%CV] = 7.7), PF (ICC = 0.98, %CV = 8.4), and HR (ICC = 0.92, %CV = 3.1). In conclusion, our results suggest that despite insufficient stimulation of anaerobic metabolism in some subjects resulting from poor implementation of test instructions, the PTSR is a reliable and valid test for an easy and practical assessment of maximal anaerobic performance under different field conditions.
Compassionate Goals Predict Social Support and PTSD Symptoms Following a University Shooting: A Moderated Mediation Analysis
Authors: Stebbins Oxana L. , Tingey Jamie L. , Verdi Erin K. , Erickson Thane M. , McGuire Adam P. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Social support is known to buffer posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, but the stress-buffering properties of striving to help and support others (compassionate goals) have received less attention. Recent research suggests that compassionate goals shape social support processes and dampen stress responses following social threat, but their relevance to trauma have not been examined. The present study tested whether, in the aftermath of a university mass shooting, compassionate goals concurrently and prospectively predicted lower PTSD symptoms indirectly via higher social support, and whether this mediation would be stronger with higher proximity to the trauma. Method: Participants (N = 369) completed measures four months post-shooting (Time 1), and a subset (n = 85) repeated outcome variables at eight months (Time 2). Results: As hypothesized, there was a significant moderated mediation, with trauma proximity moderating the indirect effect of compassionate goals on PTSD symptoms at Time 1 (B = −0.88, SE = 0.28, 95% CI [−1.47, −0.37]) and prospectively at Time 2 (B = −1.12, SE = 0.77, 95% CI [−3.16, −0.03]), although not when controlling for Time 1 symptoms. The indirect effects were greatest for those with higher trauma proximity, suggesting particular relevance for individuals most at risk for trauma-related difficulties. Discussion: These findings suggest the need for further research into compassionate goals and strategies for fostering them, particularly in the context of social or community traumas.
Commitment is Not Enough: A Longitudinal Investigation of Goal Commitment, Confidence, and Depressive Symptoms in Personal Goal Pursuit
Authors: Moss Sara A. , Cheavens Jennifer S. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Symptoms of depression are associated with difficulty achieving personal goals. Empirical investigations suggest that depressed individuals do not differ from healthy controls in their commitment to personal goals (i.e., goal commitment), though they express less confidence in their abilities to achieve goals (i.e., goal-related confidence). Despite the relevance of motivational constructs, including goal commitment and confidence, to both depression and goal striving, there is a dearth of research examining these variables as they relate to depressive symptoms and goal progress across time.Method: To address this gap, we tracked the goal pursuits of 139 undergraduate participants oversampled for elevated symptoms of depression at a large, Midwestern university at three time-points. Participants completed a baseline assessment that included The Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977) and a free-response goal-setting activity. They were asked to report goal progress and re-rate commitment and confidence for any not-yet-attained goals 2 weeks later and, finally, to report on goal attainment at a 2-month follow-up.Results: As predicted, the association between depressive symptoms and concurrently-reported goal commitment was not significant. However, less goal progress and early decreases in goal commitment and confidence reported at 2-week follow-up acted as indirect paths through which baseline depressive symptoms predicted poor longer-term goal outcomes.Discussion: Future investigators could experimentally test the associations between these variables to better understand the ways in which manipulating one aspect of goal striving might causally influence the others.
Keep Calm and Carry On? Grit Buffers Against Disordered Eating Unless Expressive Suppression is Used to Regulate Emotions
Authors: Knauft Katherine , Ortiz Shelby , Velkoff Elizabeth , Smith April , Kalia Vrinda 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Grit is a personality trait that affords individuals the ability to push through challenging circumstances, suggesting tolerance of negative affect. In contrast, individuals with disordered eating are motivated to avoid negative affect. We speculated whether grit would buffer against disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, and conducted two studies to address this query.Method: Study 1 (N = 137) had participants from eating disorder treatment centers (n = 52) and adults from the community (n = 85). Disordered eating was assessed using the Eating Disorder Inventory. In Study 2, we tested whether emotion regulation strategy (i.e., cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) as an individual differences variable influenced the relation between grit and disordered eating within a community sample (N = 212). Disordered eating was assessed via the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. In both studies, Grit-Consistency and Grit-Perseverance were measured using the Short Grit Scale.Results: Study 1 revealed that Grit–Consistency, not Grit–Perseverance, was associated with lower bulimia and body dissatisfaction scores. Further, moderation analysis indicated that this relation was consistent for both the clinical and community samples. Findings from Study 2 demonstrated that Grit–Consistency was inversely correlated with shape and weight concerns. Moderation regression analysis showed that elevated levels of expressive suppression attenuated the relation between Grit-Consistency and disordered eating.Discussion: Our work provides evidence that Grit-Consistency buffers against disordered eating. But elevated use of expressive suppression, a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy, eliminates the benefits of grit.
Is There Such a Thing as “Future Dangerousness”? Examining Capital Sentencing Jurisprudence in India After Anil Anthony
Authors: Mehta Megha Hemant 
Published: April 2019

The Supreme Court of India in Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab, listed “future dangerousness” of the accused as one of the factors the court must consider when awarding the death sentence. The burden of proof lies on the State to prove the same. This standard has been inconsistently applied in Indian capital sentencing jurisprudence. In Anil Anthony, the most recent decision on this issue, the Supreme Court held that determination of future dangerousness cannot be based on the facts of the case. However, in earlier decisions such as Gurdev Singh, the court concluded that the brutality of the crime ruled out the possibility of reform.
This article argues, drawing on a comparative analysis with the United States, that though future dangerousness is an inevitable “fact in issue” for judges, the evidence that may be adduced does not meet the standards required for the imposition of the death penalty. Thus, future dangerousness as a determining factor during sentencing is a ground for challenging the constitutionality of the death penalty itself. In the interim, Anil Anthony is a better standard to apply, as compared to both Bachan Singh and Gurdev Singh, in principle as well as in practice.