bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STORE-gastrointestinal functions and gastrointestinal hormones in patients with liver failure
Authors: Wang Ping , Zhang Ying-Jian , Li Yi-Ran , Xia Xiao-Yan , Lv Shu-Yan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the gastrointestinal functions of patients with liver failure (LF) based on gastrointestinal dysfunction (GD) scores and serum gastrointestinal hormone levels.
The GD in LF patients was scored using the gastrointestinal dysfunction scoring criteria. Serum gastrin (GAS), cholecystokinin (CCK), and motilin (MTL) levels were determined in LF patients. In addition, liver function and prothrombin activity were detected, and ultrasonography was performed.
The GD score was significantly higher in the LF groups than in the control group. Compared with the control group, serum GAS, CCK, and MTL levels significantly increased in the LF groups, and was positively correlated with the severity of LF. Furthermore, in the LF groups, GD was positively correlated with the severity of LF. However, the GD score and serum GAS, CCK, and MTL levels in the acute LF group were not statistically different, when compared with those in the subacute LF group, acute-on-chronic LF group and chronic LF group.
LF plays a key role in the development of GD, and may be the main cause of obvious gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting and anorexia, in LF patients. The severity of GD is not associated with LF type, but is positively correlated with the severity of LF, suggesting that GD in LF patients may have complicated mechanisms.
Association of exposure level to passive smoking with hypertension among lifetime nonsmokers in Japan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tamura Takashi , Kadomatsu Yuka , Tsukamoto Mineko , Okada Rieko , Sasakabe Tae , Kawai Sayo , Hishida Asahi , Hara Megumi , Tanaka Keitaro , Shimoshikiryo Ippei , Takezaki Toshiro , Watanabe Isao , Matsui Daisuke , Nishiyama Takeshi , Suzuki Sadao , Endoh Kaori , Kuriki Kiyonori , Kita Yoshikuni , Katsuura-Kamano Sakurako , Arisawa Kokichi , Ikezaki Hiroaki , Furusyo Norihiro , Koyanagi Yuriko N. , Oze Isao , Nakamura Yohko , Mikami Haruo , Naito Mariko , Wakai Kenji 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Brief exposure to passive smoking immediately elevates blood pressure. However, little is known about the association between exposure to passive smoking and chronic hypertension. We aimed to examine this association in a cross-sectional study, after controlling multiple potential confounders.
Participants included 32,098 lifetime nonsmokers (7,216 men and 24,882 women) enrolled in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Passive smoking was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. The single question about exposure to passive smoking had five response options: “sometimes or almost never,” “almost every day, 2 hours/day or less,” “almost every day, 2 to 4 hours/day,” “almost every day, 4 to 6 hours/day,” and “almost every day, 6 hours/day or longer.” Hypertension was defined as any of the following: systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive medication. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for hypertension were estimated by exposure level to passive smoking using unconditional logistic regression models.
The multivariate-adjusted OR for hypertension in those exposed almost every day was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.03–1.20) compared with those exposed sometimes or almost never. The OR for a 1-hour per day increase in exposure was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01–1.06, P

for trend
= .006). This association was stronger in men than in women; the ORs were 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01–1.15, P

for trend
= .036) and 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00–1.05, P

for trend
= .055), respectively.
Our findings suggest importance of tobacco smoke control for preventing hypertension.
Predictors of survival and neurologic outcome for adults with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Wang Junhong , Ma Qingbian , Zhang Hua , Liu Shaoyu , Zheng Yaan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background:
This systemic review aimed to explore the predictors of discharge and neurologic outcome of adult extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) to provide references for patient selection.

Methods:
Electronically searching of the Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and manual retrieval were done for clinical trials about predictors for adult ECPR which were published between January 2000 and January 2018 and included predictors for discharge and neurologic outcome. The literature was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, the baseline information and interested outcomes were extracted. Two reviewers assessed the methodologic quality of the included studies and the quality of evidence for summary estimates independently. Pooled mean difference (MD) or odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by Review Manager Software 5.3. At last the quality of evidence for summary estimates was appraised according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation rating system.

Results:
In 16 studies, 1162 patients were enrolled. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (CA) (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36–0.93, P = .02), in-hospital CA (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.08–2.77, P = .02), witnessed CA (OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.18–22.88, P = .01), bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (OR 7.35, 95% CI 2.32–23.25, P < .01), initial shockable rhythm (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.53–3.42, P < .01), 1st recorded nonshockable rhythm (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.29–0.66, P < .01), CPR duration (MD −13.84 minutes, 95% CI −21 to −6.69, P < .0001), arrest-to-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (MD −17.88 minutes, 95% CI −23.59 to −12.17, P < .01), PH (MD 0.14, 95% CI 0.08–0.21, P < .01), lactate (MD −3.66 mmol/L, 95% CI −7.15 to −0.17, P = .04), and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.02–2.58, P = .04)were identified as the survival predictors of ECPR. Shockable rhythm (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.20–4.52, P = .01) and CPR duration (MD −9.85 minutes, 95% CI −15.71 to −3.99, P = .001) were identified as the neurologic outcome predictors of ECPR.

Conclusion:
Current evidence showed that in-hospital CA, witnessed CA, bystander CPR, initial shockable rhythm, shorter CPR duration and arrest-to-ECMO duration, higher baseline PH, lower baseline lactate and PCI were favourable survival predictors of adult ECPR, and shockable rhythm and shorter CPR duration were good neurological outcome predictors of adult ECPR.
Prophylaxis with oral zinc sulfate against radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Shuai Ting , Yi Li-Juan , Tian Xu , Chen Wei-Qing , Chen Hui , Li Xiu-E 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background:
Oropharyngeal mucositis is considered to be an inevitable and the most troubling side effect of head and neck irradiation, which is caused by the direct toxic action of radiation on oral mucosa. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the efficacy of zinc sulfate in prevention of radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer. However, the definite conclusions have not been confirmed. The systematic review and meta-analysis will be performed to comprehensively evaluate whether zinc sulfate is effective in prevention of radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer.

Methods:
Relevant information will be identified by a comprehensive search of the following electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, and EBSCO from their inception to October 2018. Only RCTs which evaluated whether zinc sulfate is effective in prevention of radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer will be eligible. Two independent investigators will be assigned to search literature, screen information, extract data, and appraise the risk of bias. The primary investigator will use Revman 5.3 software to perform all statistical analyses. We designed this systematic review and meta-analysis on June 5. 2018, and expect to complete the full-text on December 20, 2018.

Results: This protocol has been registered with a unique identifier of CRD42018108533. We will submit this systematic review and meta-analysis to a peer-reviewed journal. Meanwhile, we also will dissemination the whole findings in topic-related conferences.

Conclusion: As the first systematic review and metaanalysis, the present study will elucidate current evidence of the role of oral zinc for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis in the head and neck cancer.
Central corneal thickness changes and horizontal corneal diameter in premature infants
Authors: Choo May May , Yeong Choo Mee , Grigg John R. , Khaliddin Nurliza , Kadir Azida Juana , Barnes Elizabeth H. , Kamalden Tengku Ain , Watson Stephanie L. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
To report observations of horizontal corneal diameter (HCD) and central corneal thickness (CCT) changes in premature infants with stable optic disc cupping and intraocular pressures (IOPs). The HCD and CCT at term serve as a baseline for premature infants.
Sixty-three premature infants were enrolled in a prospective case series. HCD, CCT, and IOP were measured. RetCam images of the optic discs were used to evaluate the cup-disc ratio (CDR) and read by an independent masked observer. Data were collected at between preterm (32–36 weeks) and again at term (37–41 weeks) postconceptual age. Left eye measurements were used for statistical analysis. Left eye findings were combined to construct predictive models for HCD and CCT.
The mean HCD was 9.1 mm (standard deviation [SD] = 0.7 mm) at preterm and 10.0 mm (SD = 0.52 mm) at term. The mean CCT preterm was 618.8 (SD = 72.9) μm and at term 563.9 (SD = 50.7) μm, respectively. The average preterm CDR was 0.31 and at maturity was 0.33. Average IOP of preterm and term was 13.1 and 14.11 mm Hg, respectively. There was significant linear correlation between HCD with the postmenstrual age (r = 0.40, P < .01) and the head circumference (r = 0.33, P < .05). Predictive models were constructed for HCD (R
2 = 0.52, 0.2 mm/wk) and CCT (R
2 = 0.23, −11.4 μm/wk) with postconceptual ages.
The HCD and CCT variation did not affect IOP reading over time. CCT was not correlated with birth parameters and decreased as the infant reached term. Corneal diameter correlated with gestational age at birth and head circumference.
Successful treatment of drug-induced esophageal ulcer in a patient with chronic heart failure
Authors: Maesaka Kazuki , Tsujii Yoshiki , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Yoshii Shunsuke , Hayashi Yoshito , Iijima Hideki , Nakamoto Kei , Ohtani Tomohito , Sakata Yasushi , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Although esophageal compression due to cardiomegaly may be a risk factor of drug-induced esophageal injuries (DIEIs), the causal relationship between the two conditions has not been fully demonstrated.

Patient concerns:
We present a case of a drug-induced esophageal ulcer caused by left atrial enlargement in a 44-year-old woman with end-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a deep, circumferential ulcer in the middle thoracic esophagus. CT revealed that the esophagus was compressed between the enlarged left atrium (LA) and the vertebral body. In the upper gastrointestinal series, retention of contrast media was observed in the esophagus near the LA.

Diagnosis:
The ulcer was a result of potassium chloride retention in the esophagus, which was compressed by the enlarged LA.

Intervention:
After cessation of potassium chloride administration for 2 months, the ulcer healed and a stricture developed. Two years after the ulcer development, the patient underwent heart transplantation, and subsequent endoscopic balloon dilation was performed for the esophageal stricture.

Outcomes:
The patient's oral intake recovered completely without any ulcer recurrence.

Lessons:
The case demonstrated that esophageal compression by the enlarged LA caused a drug-induced esophageal ulcer. Preventive care and treatment measures for DIEIs, including an anatomical approach, should be considered for patients with LA enlargement.
Protein-losing enteropathy secondary to nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia
Authors: Shima Takafumi , Ozeki Maiko , Kinoshita Takashi , Honda Kotaro , Inoue Hitoshi , Morita Shinsho 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) is a life-threatening disorder; prompt diagnosis is vital. Surgical treatment is often required, but some cases can be treated conservatively. We herein report an extremely rare case wherein protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) developed after conservative treatment of NOMI.

Patient concerns:
The patient was a 66-year-old man. He underwent laparoscopic super low anterior resection and temporary ileostomy for sigmoid colon cancer and rectum cancer. During the postoperative course, he developed ileus. Subsequently, he developed shock. On examination, the possibility of NOMI could not be denied, but intestinal necrosis was absent. Conservative treatment was initiated. His general condition improved, but the ileus persisted. Therefore, we performed a stoma closure. Ten days after stoma closure, he developed continuous unexplained diarrhea. The serum albumin and total protein levels were low. The symptoms improved after administration of an antidiarrheal drug, but the root cause was yet untreated.

Diagnosis:
The patient's alpha-1 antitrypsin clearance was increased. A CT scan revealed an enhanced hypertrophied wall of the short segment of the small intestine, and 99m Tc-labeled human serum albumin scintigraphy revealed protein leakage into the thickened wall of the small intestine. We arrived at a definitive diagnosis of PLE secondary to NOMI.

Interventions:
Partial resection of the affected small intestine was performed.

Outcomes:
The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged on the 30th postoperative day.

Lessons:
NOMI has a high mortality rate, often requiring intestinal resection immediately after onset. To our knowledge, there is no report of PLE developing after conservative treatment, as in our case. Further study of cases is necessary to determine the reversibility of the condition, which will influence the therapeutic plan. We herein present an extremely rare case of PLE after conservative treatment for NOMI. The possibility of PLE also needs to be considered when hypoalbuminemia occurs after conservative treatment of NOMI.
Long term use of bevacizumab in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer with giant tumor in chest wall
Authors: Gui Xinyu , Li Huiping , Song Guohong , Shao Bin , Jiang Hanfang 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with unfavorable prognosis due to lack of targeted agents. Bevacizumab, an anti-angiogenic monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor A, has shown clinical effects in patients with TNBC.

Patient concerns:
We reported a 49-year-old woman presenting with a giant breast tumor.

Diagnoses:
Stage IV TNBC with chest wall metastasis.

Interventions:
The patient underwent long-term use of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy.

Outcomes:
The patient was on follow-up for 46 months, a remarkable improvement of the chest wall cutaneous lesion was observed.

Lessons:
Bevacizumab may provide benefits for TNBC patients with chest wall metastasis.
Pyoderma gangrenosum around an ileostoma
Authors: Yu Yong-Ming , Lai Fu-Ji , Feng Chun , Chen Bei-Lei , Cao Yi-Sheng 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare postoperative complication of enterostomy, mostly developing from dermatitis, which may have serious consequence.

Patient concerns:
A patient with lower rectal cancer receiving low anterior resection (LAR) and protective ileostomy was initially diagnosed with dermatitis, which very quickly developed to PG, though no medical or familial history was found.

Diagnosis:
We diagnosed the patient with peristoaml dermatitis starting from a tiny skin ulceration, but corrected the diagnosis to PG because of the rapid development and severe consequences.

Interventions:
Routine stoma care did not improve the condition, so we performed 2 terms of debridement, the closure of the stoma and autologous skin transplantation before finally solving the problem.

Outcomes:
The patient was discharged 60 days after the first surgery and 5 days after the last one. After 18 months of follow-up, the patient kept in a stable condition.

Lessons:
Medical staff should not neglect peristoaml dermatitis because of its common occurrence. Once the situation develops beyond the doctors′ expectation, more efforts should be made to treat it, even expand debridement if possible.
Minimally invasive and open gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Xixiong , Li Zhiqiang , Chen Meizhu , Wu Chenming , Fu Yexiang 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background:
The aim of this study is to find the better treatment for gastric cancer by comparing robotic gastrectomy, laparoscopic gastrectomy, and open gastrectomy using Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Methods:
We will search PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for eligible studies published before 1 September 2018. There will be no language restrictions. Randomized clinical trials that compare robotic gastrectomy, laparoscopic gastrectomy, or open gastrectomy for patients with gastric cancer will be included. The risk of bias of included studies will be assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trial. The outcomes of the study include operation time, estimated blood loss, time of ambulation, times to first flatus, time of oral intake, hospitalization, and the occurrence of complication. If sufficient data is collected and adequate clinical homogeneity is established among studies, we will conduct pairwise meta-analyses and Bayesian network meta-analyses for all related outcome measures.

Ethics and dissemination:
The study does not involve human subjects and does not need ethical approval and patient consent. The results of the network meta-analysis will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal for publication.
Intralesional and subcutaneous application of Viscum album L. (European mistletoe) extract in cervical carcinoma in situ
Authors: Reynel María , Villegas Yván , Kiene Helmut , Werthmann Paul G. , Kienle Gunver S. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the uterine cervix is a premalignant condition of squamous epithelium. The standard treatments are excision and ablation procedures; for women with positive margins, hysterectomy is recommended.

Patient concerns:
A 47-year-old Peruvian woman with recurrent candidal vaginitis had been diagnosed with colpocervicitis and squamous metaplasia 8 years ago, which were not treated.

Diagnoses:
The patient was diagnosed with CIS after cervical conization procedure. She refused radical hysterectomy and opted for integrative medicine treatment.

Interventions:
She was treated with intralesional and subcutaneous Viscum album L. extract (VAE) injections. VAE is a widely used herbal cancer treatment with cytotoxic, apoptogenic, and immunological effects, but it has not been investigated in cervical CIS.

Outcomes:
Ending month 5 of treatment, complete remission of cervical CIS was observed. The patient is still in remission after 30 months (until publication).

Lessons:
This is the first report on complete remission of cervical CIS after intralesional and subcutaneous injection with VAE. Prospective studies should evaluate to what degree the treatment effect is reproducible.
Telbivudine and adefovir dipivoxil combination therapy improves renal function in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Xu Yong , Nie Zhen-wang 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Few studies have addressed the impact of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)-based combination therapy on the renal function of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study evaluated the effects of ADV combined with other antiviral nucleotide analogs (NAs) on renal function of patients with CHB, and analyzed the risk factors for more than 20% reduction of baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
The data of 164 patients with CHB were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Of the 164 patients, 42 received entecavir (ETV) combined with ADV (ETV + ADV group), 68 lamivudine (LAM) combined with ADV (LAM + ADV group), and 54 telbivudine (LDT) combined with ADV (LDT + ADV group). Serum creatinine (SCr) level, eGFR, and proportion of patients with eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 were observed. Also, the independent risk factors for more than 20% reduction of baseline eGFR were analyzed.
After 104-week combination therapy, compared with the baseline level, SCr levels were significantly increased in the ETV + ADV group (67 μmol/L vs 73 μmol/L, P = .012) and LAM + ADV group (68 μmol/L vs 79 μmol/L, P = .008), but it was significantly decreased in the LDT + ADV group (69 μmol/L vs 64 μmol/L, P = .023). Compared with the baseline level, eGFR was significantly decreased in the ETV + ADV group (107.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs 96.1 mL/min 1.73/m2, P = .004), and LAM + ADV group (105.4 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs 87.3 mL/min/1.73 m2
, P = .000), but it was significantly increased in the LDT + ADV group (104.1 mL/min 1.73/m2 vs 116.2 mL/min/1.73 m2
,
P = .005). The proportion of patients with normal renal function (≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2) was significantly higher in the LDT + ADV group than in the ETV + ADV group (P = .002) and LAM + ADV group (P = .001). Multivariate analysis showed that age (P = .035), male (P = .005), baseline eGFR (P < .001), LAM combined with ADV (P < .008), and ETV combined with ADV (P = .03) were independent risk factors for 20% reduction of baseline eGFR.
As compared with ETV and ADV combination therapy as well as LAM and ADV combination therapy, LDT and ADV combination therapy can improve eGFR level, so LDT and ADV combination therapy is suitable for the patients with potential renal impairment.