bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A heuristic algorithm for multiple trip vehicle routing problems with time window constraint and outside carrier selection
Authors: Chu Ching-Wu , Hsu Hsiu-Li 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
In this paper, the authors introduced a real world new problem, the multi-trip vehicle routing problem with time windows and the possible use of a less-than-truckload carrier to satisfy customer demands. The purpose of this paper is to develop a heuristic algorithm to route the private trucks with time windows and to make a selection between truckload and less-than-truckload carriers by minimizing a total cost function.

Design/methodology/approach
Both mathematical model and heuristic algorithm are developed for routing the private trucks with time windows and for selecting of less-than-truckload carriers by minimizing the total cost function.

Findings
In all, 40 test problems were examined with the heuristics. Computational results show that the algorithm obtains the optimal or near-optimal solutions efficiently in terms of time and accuracy.

Originality/value
The research described in this paper differs from the previous one on fleet planning or vehicle routing, in that it modifies the Clarke and Wright method by shifting the performance measure from a distance to cost and also incorporates the fixed cost of different types of trucks into the model. In addition, the authors simultaneously consider the multiple trip vehicle routing problems with time windows and the selection of less-than-truckload carriers that is an integrated scenario of real-world application. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this scenario has not been considered in the literature.
Shared knowledge attributes’ impact on understanding strategic priorities
Authors: Turner Karynne , Makhija Mona , Miree Cynthia 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically explore the relationship between individuals’ shared core knowledge within a firm and a collective understanding of management’s strategic priorities.Design/methodology/approachThe study develops three sets of competing hypotheses to predict how three different aspects of individuals’ shared core knowledge – extent, diversity and interpretation – are related to their understanding of the organization’s strategic priorities. The hypotheses are tested using a cognitive mapping approach within the context of a manufacturing plant in the USA.FindingsOrganizational members with a lower proportion of shared core knowledge exhibit a greater appreciation of the firm’s strategic priorities. More diversity in this shared knowledge is associated with a greater appreciation of strategic priorities and when members agree on the relative importance of different types of knowledge, whether they actually share this knowledge, they have a better understanding of the firm’s strategic priorities.Research limitations/implicationsThe study uses data from a single firm in one industry.Originality/valueThis research helps to highlight and empirically isolate different aspects of shared knowledge that influence individuals’ understanding of organizational priorities. It also demonstrates the varying importance of different aspects of shared knowledge (e.g. extent, diversity and interpretation in explaining individuals’ understanding of the firm’s strategic priorities.
Competition and health plan quality in the Medicare Advantage market
Authors: Adrion Emily R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between insurer market structure, health plan quality, and health insurance premiums in the Medicare Advantage (MA) program.Data Sources/Study SettingAdministrative data files from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, along with other secondary data sources.Study DesignTrends in MA market concentration from 2008 to 2017 are presented, alongside logistic and linear regression models examining MA plan quality and premiums as a function of insurer market structure for 2011.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsData are publicly available.Principal FindingsMA plans that tend to operate in more concentrated MA markets have a higher predicted probability of receiving a high‐quality health plan rating. Operating in more concentrated MA markets was also found to be associated with higher premiums. Among plans that tend to operate in very concentrated MA markets, high‐quality MA plans were associated with premiums as much as two times higher than premiums associated with lower‐quality plans.ConclusionsAny policies directed at enhancing insurer competition should consider implications for health plan quality, which may be very different than the implications for enrollee premiums.
Early pubertal maturation and risk of childhood asthma: A Mendelian randomization and longitudinal study
Authors: Chen Yang‐Ching , Fan Hsien‐Yu , Yang Chen , Lee Yungling L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundStudies on early puberty and incident asthma have reported inconsistent results and are mainly performed in females. In this longitudinal study, we investigated the causal relationship between pubertal maturation and asthma through Mendelian randomization (MR) and explored the joint effect of overweightness and early pubertal maturation on asthma.MethodsWe used data from the Taiwan Children Health Study with longitudinal follow‐ups of 2991 children aged 11‐17 years. Six puberty‐related single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (combined into a weighted allelic score) were used to yield genetic instrumental variables for early puberty. Early pubertal maturation was defined as reaching a certain pubertal stage earlier than the median age for that stage. Incident asthma cases were calculated by excluding children with a history of asthma prior to that age.ResultsThe results of MR analysis revealed that early pubertal maturation was associated with active asthma (OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08‐1.28); this effect was significant in male children. Early pubertal maturation significantly increased the risk of incident asthma outcomes at 12 and 17 years of age in both sexes (hazard ratio = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.21‐3.84). Taking non‐overweight and non–early puberty children as the reference group, we observed a synergistic effect of overweightness and early pubertal maturation on asthma risk (OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04‐1.11) in children of both sexes.ConclusionsEarly screening and intervention for obesity are recommended to prevent future early pubertal onset and asthma occurrence.
Tacrolimus: 20 years of use in adult kidney transplantation. What we should know about its nephrotoxicity
Authors: Bentata Yassamine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTacrolimus (or FK506), a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) introduced in field of transplantation in the 1990s, is the cornerstone of most immunosuppressive regimens in solid organ transplantation. Its use has revolutionized the future of kidney transplantation (KT) and has been associated with better graft survival, a lower incidence of rejection, and improved drug tolerance with fewer side effects compared to cyclosporine. However, its monitoring remains complicated and underexposure increases the risk of rejection, whereas overexposure increases the risk of adverse effects, primarily nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, infections, malignancies, diabetes, and gastrointestinal complaints. Tacrolimus nephrotoxicity can be nonreversible and can lead to kidney graft loss, and its diagnosis is therefore best made with reference to the clinical context and after exclusion of other causes of graft dysfunction. Many factors contribute to its development including: systemic levels of tacrolimus; local renal exposure to tacrolimus; exposure to metabolites of tacrolimus; local susceptibility factors for CNI nephrotoxicity independent of systemic or local tacrolimus levels, such as the age of a kidney; local renal P‐glycoprotein, local intestinal and hepatic cytochrome P450A3, and renin angiotensin system activation. The aim of this review is to describe the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and mechanisms of acute and chronic tacrolimus nephrotoxicity in adult KT.
Chemical chaperones improve the functional recovery of stunned myocardium by attenuating the endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Mariángelo Juan Ignacio Elio , Román Bárbara , Silvestri María Agustina , Salas Margarita , Vittone Leticia , Said Matilde , Mundiña‐Weilenmann Cecilia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimMyocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) produces structural and functional alterations depending on the duration of ischaemia. Brief ischaemia followed by reperfusion causes reversible contractile dysfunction (stunned heart) but long‐lasting ischaemia followed by reperfusion can result in irreversible injury with cell death. Events during I/R can alter endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function leading to the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins. The resulting ER stress induces activation of several signal transduction pathways, known as unfolded protein response (UPR). Experimental evidence shows that UPR contributes to cell death in irreversible I/R injury; however, there is still uncertainty for its occurrence in the stunned myocardium. This study investigated the ER stress response and its functional impact on the post‐ischaemic cardiac performance of the stunned heart.MethodsPerfused rat hearts were subjected to 20 minutes of ischaemia followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. UPR markers were evaluated by qRT‐PCR and western blot. Post‐ischaemic mechanical recovery was measured in absence and presence of two chemical chaperones: tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and 4‐phenylbutyric acid (4‐PBA).ResultsAnalysis of mRNA and protein levels of various ER stress effectors demonstrated that different UPR signalling cascades, involving both pro‐survival and pro‐apoptotic pathways, are activated. Inhibition of the UPR with chemical chaperones improved the post‐ischaemic recovery of cardiac mechanical function without affecting the I/R‐induced increase in oxidative stress.ConclusionOur results suggest that prevention of ER stress by chemical chaperones could be a therapeutic tool to limit deterioration of the contractile function in clinical settings in which the phenomenon of myocardial stunning is present.
Optimal privatization policy with asymmetry among private firms
Authors: Haraguchi Junichi , Matsumura Toshihiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe revisit the relationship between the optimal privatization policy and market competition indexes such as the Hirschman–Herfindahl index. It is affected by the number of the firms and asymmetry among the sizes of the firms; the smaller the number of firms and the more asymmetry among firms, the higher the market concentration index. The literature on mixed oligopolies suggested that the optimal degree of privatization increases with the number of private firms, and thus, decreases with the market competition index, assuming that all private firms are homogeneous. We investigate how asymmetry among private firms affects the optimal degree of privatization. We propose the simplest and natural model formulation to discuss asymmetry among private firms. We find that the optimal degree of privatization is either nonmonotone or monotonically increasing, and thus never monotonically decreasing, in asymmetry among private firms.
Characteristics of kidney donors and recipients in Iranian kidney market: Evidence from Mashhad
Authors: Feizi Mehdi , Moeindarbari Tannaz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Iranian model of kidney transplantation is an example of a regulated living unrelated renal donation. In this paper, we collected and analyzed a unique dataset of 436 paired kidney donors and recipients, including their characteristics and the realized price of a kidney in Mashhad. As opposed to the global picture of kidney donation, we find that women are less likely to donate and more likely to receive a kidney. Moreover, the average price of a kidney amounts less than 2 years of work with the minimum level of wage.
Circumferential and radial deformation assessment in premature infants: Ready for primetime?
Authors: Bussmann Neidin , Smith Aisling , Cappelleri Alessia , Levy Phillip T. , McCallion Naomi , Franklin Orla , EL‐Khuffash Afif 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSpeckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a validated method to measure longitudinal deformation in premature infants, but there is a paucity of data on STE‐derived circumferential and radial strain in this population. We assessed the feasibility and reproducibility of circumferential and radial deformation measurements in premature infants.MethodsIn a prospective study of 40 premature infants (<29 weeks of gestation at birth), STE‐derived circumferential and radial strain, systolic strain rate (SRs), early diastolic strain rate (SRe), and late diastolic strain rate (SRa) were measured on day 2 and day 8. Intra‐ and inter‐observer reproducibility analysis were performed using Bland–Altman analysis, coefficient of variation (COV), and intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC). The impact of a persistent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was analyzed.ResultsDeformation analysis was feasible in 98% of the acquisitions. Circumferential parameters demonstrated excellent intra‐ and inter‐observer reproducibility with an ICC between 0.89 and 0.99 (all P < 0.001) and a COV between 4% and 13%. Radial parameters demonstrated acceptable intra‐ and inter‐observer reproducibility with an ICC between 0.73 and 0.96 (all P < 0.001) and a COV between 14% and 27%. Infants with a PDA on day 8 (n = 21, 53%) demonstrated higher radial strain, SRs and SRe. There were no differences in circumferential parameters with a PDA at either time point.ConclusionThis study demonstrates clinical feasibility and reproducibility of circumferential and radial strain by STE in premature infants. A PDA elevates radial deformation measures, suggesting that the increased LV preload from a PDA may augment intrinsic contractility in the radial but not circumferential plane.
Is the dopaminergic loss associated with gait and postural impairments in subjects with Parkinson's disease at different motor stages?
Authors: Corrêa Philipe Souza , Pagnussat Aline Souza , Cabeleira Maria Eduarda Parcianello , Schifino Giulia Palermo , Rieder Carlos Roberto de Mello , da Silva Junior Neivo , Cechetti Fernanda 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGait and postural control deficiencies in Parkinson's disease (PD) involve several specific motor aspects. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the main changes in gait kinematics and postural control with dopaminergic loss in the striatum region. This is a cross‐sectional study that included 42 individuals with PD at different motor stages, according to the Hoehn & Yahr scale (H&Y). Motor subsection of the Movement Disorder Society‐Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale—part III (MDS‐UPDRS III) was used to evaluate general motor aspects. Gait kinematics was assessed using a three‐dimensional motion capture system. Postural control was assessed by stabilometry using force platforms. Dopamine depletion was verified through 99mTc‐TRODAT‐1 (SPECT‐CT) examination. We included 12, 15 and 15 individuals classified as H&Y I, II and III, respectively. We identified worse values of dopamine transporter uptake, MDS‐UPDRS III, gait parameters (velocity, step length and stride length) and center of pressure displacement as the disease progressed. Our results indicate that higher dopaminergic loss and gait and postural control deficits occur between the H&Y levels II and III.
Proportional mixture of two rarefaction/extrapolation curves to forecast biodiversity changes under landscape transformation
Authors: Chao Anne , Colwell Robert K. , Gotelli Nicholas J. , Thorn Simon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProgressive habitat transformation causes global changes in landscape biodiversity patterns, but can be hard to quantify. Rarefaction/extrapolation approaches can quantify within‐habitat biodiversity, but may not be useful for cases in which one habitat type is progressively transformed into another habitat type. To quantify biodiversity patterns in such transformed landscapes, we use Hill numbers to analyse individual‐based species abundance data or replicated, sample‐based incidence data. Given biodiversity data from two distinct habitat types, when a specified proportion of original habitat is transformed, our approach utilises a proportional mixture of two within‐habitat rarefaction/extrapolation curves to analytically predict biodiversity changes, with bootstrap confidence intervals to assess sampling uncertainty. We also derive analytic formulas for assessing species composition (i.e. the numbers of shared and unique species) for any mixture of the two habitat types. Our analytical and numerical analyses revealed that species unique to each habitat type are the most important determinants of landscape biodiversity patterns.
The various shades of ER‐phagy
Authors: Stolz Alexandra , Grumati Paolo 
Published: August 2019

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large and dynamic cellular organelle. ER morphology consists of sheets, tubules, matrixes, and contact sites shared with other membranous organelles. The capacity of the ER to fulfill its numerous biological functions depends on its continuous remodeling and the quality control of its proteome. Selective turnover of the ER by autophagy, termed ER‐phagy, plays an important role in maintaining ER homeostasis. ER network integrity and turnover rely on specific ER‐phagy receptors, which influence and coordinate alterations in ER morphology and the degradation of ER contents and membranes via the lysosome, by interacting with the LC3/GABARAP family. In this commentary, we discuss general principles and identify the major players in this recently characterized form of selective autophagy, while simultaneously highlighting open questions in the field.
Spouted‐bed drying of acerola pulp (Malpighia emarginata DC): Effects of adding milk and milk protein on process performance and characterization of dried fruit powders
Authors: Dantas Suziani Cristina de Medeiros , Pontes Júnior Severino Mosinho de , Medeiros Fábio Gonçalves Macêdo de , Santos Júnior Luiz Carlos , Alsina Odelsia Leonor Sanchez de , Medeiros Maria de Fátima Dantas de 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this work, the production of acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC) based powder formulations by spouted bed drying was investigated. Dairy matrices (milk powder, reconstituted milk and concentrated whey‐protein) were used as drying adjuvants in order to obtain an ingredient‐like ready‐to‐use final product. High‐density polyethylene particles were used in the spouted bed dryer and an intermittent feeding strategy was adopted. Physicochemical attributes of both sample formulations and final powders were assessed, and the water sorption isotherms of powdered matrices were determined at 25°C and fitted to the GAB Model. The performance of the dryer was evaluated in regard to the fluid dynamics and the thermal efficiency of the process. Spouted bed dried matrices produced with acerola pulp and milk powder presented the highest powder production rates (0.0895 g powder/min), production yields (24.75%) and satisfactory thermal efficiency (40.4%). The use of milk powder as adjuvant resulted in a significant ascorbic acid retention (72.9%) after thermal processing. The sorption isotherms showed that the addition of dairy adjuvants was responsible for reducing the equilibrium monolayer moisture of powdered samples.Practical ApplicationBrazil is one of the world's largest producers of acerola fruit. The production of fruit‐flavored products is a trend to the food industry that aims to exploit the desirable marketing, flavoring and nutritional characteristics of fruits to increase products' acceptance and consumption. The motivation of this work was to evaluate the spouted bed drying as an appropriate processing strategy for producing food ingredients based on acerola and using alternative dairy‐based drying adjuvants. The data shown here can be used for the development of new acerola‐based food products and for clarifying the role that dairy adjuvants play on the physicochemical attributes of powdered matrices.
Therapeutic use of tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution for treatment of subcutaneous ureteral bypass device mineralization in cats
Authors: Chik Colin , Berent Allyson C. , Weisse Chick W. , Ryder Marcia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSubcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) device placement is an increasingly popular treatment option for decompression of ureteral obstruction in cats. Mineralization occlusion of the device occurs in a minority of cases but is the most common complication.ObjectiveTo evaluate a 2% tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (tEDTA) solution for treatment of mineralization occlusion in cats with SUBs.AnimalsSix client‐owned cats (8 obstructed devices).MethodsCase series. Each cat was found to have device occlusion based on a combination of ultrasound examination, SUB irrigation, and failure to identify another cause of device obstruction. Each SUB was drained, irrigated using sterile saline, and infused with 1‐2 mL of 2% tEDTA solution. Success was defined as normalization of flow during subsequent ultrasound visualization while irrigating. The volume and frequency of tEDTA instillations, time to achieve device patency, follow‐up biochemical and ultrasound findings, and future reobstruction events were recorded.ResultsResolution of mineralization was documented in all 8 SUBs. Reobstruction events occurred in 2 cats, all of which resolved after additional tEDTA infusions, but 1 cat ultimately required device exchange at 356 days from the first tEDTA infusion. In 1 cat, a single infusion was prematurely discontinued because of persistent pelvic dilatation after 1.25 mL of tEDTA had been instilled. No complications were observed.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceTetrasodium EDTA infusions can be safely considered as a treatment option for mineralized SUB devices in cats. This solution was easily infused, well tolerated, and avoided the need for SUB device exchange in the majority of cats in which it was used.