bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uterine Carcinosarcomas versus Leiomyosarcomas: DuaL Institutional Experience from Mansoura and Zagazig Universities
Authors: Halim Amal , Abo-Touk Niveen , Mokhtar Nahla , Elghamery Hadeel , Ismail Eman , Hassan Amany , Halim Hosam 
Published: September 2019

Objective: Carcinosarcomas (CSs) and leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) are rare uterine cancers with high mortality. This study presents a dual institutional experience from two different university teaching hospitals (Mansoura and Zagazig Universities situated in the Delta of the Nile River in Egypt) with regard to the treatment modalities of those two types of uterine cancers aimed at establishing demographics and treatment outcomes.
Patients & Methods: The data from 12 uterine CS and 17 LMS patients treated at the Clinical Oncology Departments of Mansoura and Zagazig Universities from January 2012 to June 2018 were reviewed to evaluate demographics and treatment outcomes.
Results: The mean age of the patients was greater than 50 years. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) was the most common presenting symptom.
Six CS (50%) patients underwent comprehensive surgical staging, while 4 patients underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH&BSO). Conversely, TAH&BSO was performed in 15 patients with LMS (88%).
Adjuvant radiotherapy was given to 6 CS (50%) and 4 LMS (24%) patients. Meanwhile, adjuvant chemotherapy was received by 5 CS (42%) and 8 LMS (47%) patients. Pelvic failure occurred in only the LMS group. Visceral metastasis occurred in both groups, while bone metastasis was encountered in only the CS group. The overall survival at 5 years was 53% and 32% in patients with CS and LMS, respectively.
Conclusion: AUB should be seriously investigated. Both diseases are aggressive despite early presentation and radical multimodality treatment. Local recurrence was reported in only the LMS group. Visceral metastasis occurred in both groups, unlike bone metastasis. New targeted therapies are urgently needed.
A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Use in Major Agro-processing Industries in Nigeria
Authors: Salami Hammed Adeniyi 
Published: September 2019

A comparative assessment of environmental impacts associated with the energy use in palm kernel oil production and cashew nut processing industries was carried out using life cycle assessment. One Kg of products from both industries was chosen as the functional unit. The gate – to – gate life cycle assessment results indicated that the total contribution per functional unit to global warming potential (GWP), abiotic depletion potential (ADP) and acidification potential (AP) were 50.2809 g of CO2 equivalents, 0.1524 g antimony equivalents and 0.1280 g of SO2 equivalents respectively for palm kernel oil production and 39.8350 g of CO2 equivalents, 0.1209 g antimony equivalents and 0.0957 g of SO2 equivalents respectively for cashew nut processing. The scenario-based results indicated substantial reductions for all the considered impact categories; approximately 18, 28 and 94% reductions were achieved for ADP, GWP and AP respectively for both industries when public power supply from the natural grid was the main energy source for agricultural production. Increasing the thermal efficiency of the nation’s existing power architecture resulted into 62 and 56% reductions for GWP and ADP respectively for the two industries, while additional 6 and 7% reductions were achieved for both impact categories when the transmission and distribution loss was maintained at 5%. The widespread adoption of clean and renewable energy sources, instead of over-reliance on electricity supply from the diesel-powered generator, has been identified as a feasible alternative towards achieving sustainability in the agro-processing industry.
Assessment of Toxicological Effects of Selected Popular Antidiabetic Drugs in Type II Diabetes Mellitus within Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Olujoke Ogunlana Olubanke , Grace Oyebanji Olufisayo , Ebenezer Ogunlana Oluseyi , Temitope Adekeye Bosede , Oladipupo Adeyemi Alaba , Dokunmu Titilope M. , Rotimi Oluwakemi Anuoluwapo , Rotimi Solomon Oladapo , Ogi E. Okwumabua 
Published: September 2019

Aim: The complications associated with diabetes and the new trend of using combination therapy in the management of the disease gave birth to this work, aimed at assessing the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of selected popularly used antidiabetic medications in type 2 diabetic patients within Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Study Design: The participants, diabetic (n=195) and non-diabetic (n=30) were divided into the following groups based on their medications: 1 (Non Diabetic control), 2 (Metformin), 3 (Glimepiride), 4 (Glibenclamide), 5 (Metformin and Glimepiride), 6 (Meformin and Glibenclamide), 7 (Metformin, Glimepiride and Glibenclamide) and 8 (Diabetic Dietary control).
Methodology: Serum protein expression profiling, liver and kidney function parameters were assessed in participant’s blood using Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and standard laboratory methods respectively.
Results: Glyceamic control within the diabetic groups was 29.23%. Urea concentration was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in groups 5 and 7 compared with groups 1 and 8 while the serum creatinine levels in the different groups showed no significant difference. Activities of alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase increased significantly (p < 0.05) in group 5 compared with groups 1 and 8. A low molecular weight protein likely to be Leptin (molecular weight 18 kDa) was over-expressed in all the diabetic groups.
Conclusion: This study shows that use of multiple rather than single drugs caused significant functional changes in the liver and kidney. The control of diabetes may best be carried out with dietary control and lifestyle modification as well as good therapeutic drug monitoring for safe assessment of baseline organ function.
Validation of the Job Content Questionnaire among hospital nurses in Vietnam
Authors: Sasaki Natsu , Imamura Kotaro , Thuy Tran T T , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Huong Nguyen T , Kuribayashi Kazuto , Sakuraya Asuka , Thu Bui M , Quynh Nguyen T , Kien Nguyen T , Nga Nguyen T , Giang Nguyen T H , Tien Truong Q , Minas Harry , Zhang Melvyn , Tsutsumi Akizumi , Kawakami Norito 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) in Vietnamese among hospital nursing staff.

Methods
The 22-items version of the JCQ was used. This includes four scales: (a) psychological demands (5 items); (b) job control (9 items); (c) supervisor support (4 items); and (d) coworker support (4 items). All 1258 nurses in a general hospital in Vietnam, excluding 11 who were due to retire, were invited to complete the cross-sectional survey. The internal consistency reliability was estimated using Cronbach’s α. Construct validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Convergent validity was evaluated by calculating correlations between the JCQ scores and DASS 21 and overtime work.

Results
In total, 949 (75%) of the 1258 eligible nurses completed the survey. Cronbach’s α values demonstrated acceptable internal consistency in two scales (supervisor support α = .87; coworker support α = .86), while Cronbach’s α was below the acceptable threshold of 0.70 for job control (α = .45) and job demand (α = .50). EFA assuming a four-factor structure showed a factor structure that was almost identical to the original JCQ, with two items loading on other scales. The subscales of depression, anxiety, and stress response of DASS 21 and the subscales of JCQ were significantly correlated, as expected.

Conclusion
The results suggest that the JCQ in Vietnamese can be used with some reliability and validity for examining psychosocial work environment among nurses. Further studies should be done to confirm and expand our findings in a variety of occupational groups and in other Asian low- and middle-income countries.
Formulation of a Composite System of Liquid Crystals and Light‐Emitting Semiconductor Quantum Rods: From Assemblies in Solution to Photoaligned Films
Authors: Dudka Tetiana , Zhang Wanlong , Schneider Julian , Gupta Swadesh K. , Prodanov Maksym F. , Vashchenko Valerii V. , Srivastava Abhishek K. , Rogach Andrey L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe ability of strongly emitting semiconductor quantum rods (QRs), when macroscopically aligned, to emit linearly polarized light makes them the perfect candidate for liquid crystal (LC) display backlights. Macroscopic QR ordering is previously demonstrated by photoalignment of QR composites with polymerizable LC monomers. In this study, it is demonstrated that the optimum concentration of LC monomers and core/shell CdSe/CdS QRs enabling someone to achieve their uniform homogeneous orientation in photoaligned films strongly depends on the lengths and aspect ratios of the QRs. By aligning QRs with different aspect ratios ranging from 3 to 10, the best performance is achieved for shorter QRs with lengths of 11 and 31 nm as compared to longer QRs with a length of 50 nm. While high‐aspect‐ratio QRs are expected to show higher emission anisotropy, formulation of such QRs in composite films is challenging, due to the increasing effect of clustering, resulting in QR films with poorly polarized emission. This study provides insights into the challenges and underlying forces governing the fabrication of composite LC/QR films with homogeneous distribution of QRs and uniform alignment of these emitters, which is important for development of energy‐efficient LC displays.
Worldwide relationships in the fern genus Pteridium (bracken) based on nuclear genome markers
Authors: Wolf Paul G. , Rowe Carol A. , Kinosian Sylvia P. , Der Joshua P. , Lockhart Peter J. , Shepherd Lara D. , McLenachan Patricia A. , Thomson John A. 
Published: September 2019

PremiseSpore‐bearing plants are capable of dispersing very long distances. However, it is not known if gene flow can prevent genetic divergence in widely distributed taxa. Here we address this issue, and examine systematic relationships at a global geographic scale for the fern genus Pteridium.MethodsWe sampled plants from 100 localities worldwide, and generated nucleotide data from four nuclear genes and two plastid regions. We also examined 2801 single nucleotide polymorphisms detected by a restriction site‐associated DNA approach.ResultsWe found evidence for two distinct diploid species and two allotetraploids between them. The “northern” species (Pteridium aquilinum) has distinct groups at the continental scale (Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America). The northern European subspecies pinetorum appears to involve admixture among all of these. A sample from the Hawaiian Islands contained elements of both North American and Asian P. aquilinum. The “southern” species, P. esculentum, shows little genetic differentiation between South American and Australian samples. Components of African genotypes are detected on all continents.ConclusionsWe find evidence of distinct continental‐scale genetic differentiation in Pteridium. However, on top of this is a clear signal of recent hybridization. Thus, spore‐bearing plants are clearly capable of extensive long‐distance gene flow; yet appear to have differentiated genetically at the continental scale. Either gene flow in the past was at a reduced level, or vicariance is possible even in the face of long‐distance gene flow.
Selective Autonomous Molecular Transport and Collection by Hydrogel‐Embedded Supramolecular Chemical Gradients
Authors: Zhang Shiyan , Zhang Chunjie , Chen Hao , Kieffer Spencer J. , Neubrech Frank , Giessen Harald , Alleyne Andrew G. , Braun Paul V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSelective transport and concentration of molecules to specified regions on a substrate both enhances the potential to detect such molecules and provides a path to spatially localize such molecules prior to initiation of subsequent chemical reactions. Here, we first embed radially symmetric α‐, β‐, and γ‐cyclodextrin gradients in a hydrogel matrix. Driven by host‐guest interactions between the cyclodextrins and the target molecule, we observe these gradients can serve to direct 2D molecular transport. Using xanthene dyes and organophosphates as target molecules, we found the transport metrics, e.g., selectivity, rate, and concentration limits, are strongly dependent on the specific cyclodextrin forming the gradient. In all cases, as the concentrating power of the gradient increased, the rate of target concentration slowed, which we hypothesize is because stronger interactions between the target and the cyclodextrin decrease the rate of target diffusion. The concentration enhancement for the nerve agent simulant 4‐methylumbelliferyl phosphate (15.8) is the greatest when the gradient is formed using β‐cyclodextrin while directed concentration of cyanomethyl phosphonate, a smaller non‐aromatic organophosphate, is observed only for the smaller α‐CD. To provide a near real‐time read‐out of the concentration of the analyte, we used an array of IR resonant metallic nanoantennas tuned to a specific IR absorption band of the analyte to enhance the IR signal generated by the analyte.
Achieving Balanced Energetics through Cocrystallization
Authors: Bellas Michael K. , Matzger Adam J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAchieving energetic materials with a balanced ratio of oxidant to fuel is a challenge that has been difficult to meet through molecular synthesis. The alternative approach, composite formulation, fails to achieve intimate association of the components to the detriment of performance. Herein, the energetic oxidizer ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is combined with fuel‐rich pyrazine‐1,4‐dioxide via cocrystallization. The result is a material with a balanced oxidant/fuel ratio in which the components maintain intimate association. The material exhibits desirable physical and energetic properties which are much improved over ADN and comparable to contemporary energetics.
Direct Visualization and Semi‐Quantitative Analysis of Payload Loading in the Case of Gold Nanocages
Authors: Yang Miaoxin , Wang Wenxia , Qiu Jichuan , Bai Meng‐Yi , Xia Younan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUpon incubation with Au nanocages, pyrrole (Py) molecules can enter the cavities by diffusing through the porous walls and then be polymerized to generate a polypyrrole (PPy) coating on the inner surface. The thicknesses of the PPy coating can serve as a direct indicator for the amount of Py molecules that diffuse into the cavity. Py molecules are able to diffuse into the cavities throughout the polymerization process, while a prolonged incubation time increases the amount of Py accumulated on both inner and outer surfaces of the nanocages. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the dimensions of the cavity and the size of the pores in the wall are not critical parameters in determining the loading efficiency, as they do not affect the thickness of the PPy coating on the inner surface. These findings offer direct evidence to support the applications of Au nanocages as carriers for drug delivery and controlled release.
A novel five‐step synthetic route to 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives with potent α‐glucosidase inhibitory potential and their in silico studies
Authors: Iftikhar Muhammad , Shahnawaz  , Saleem Muhammad , Riaz Naheed , Aziz‐ur‐Rehman  , Ahmed Ishtiaq , Rahman Jameel , Ashraf Muhammad , Sharif Muhammad S. , Khan Shafi U. , Htar Thet T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA series of new N‐aryl/aralkyl derivatives of 2‐methyl‐2‐{5‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2ylthiol}acetamide were synthesized by successive conversions of 4‐chlorobenzoic acid (a) into ethyl 4‐chlorobenzoate (1), 4‐chlorobenzoylhydrazide (2) and 5‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐thiol (3), respectively. The required array of compounds (6a–n) was obtained by the reaction of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole (3) with various electrophiles (5a–n) in the presence of DMF (N,N‐dimethylformamide) and sodium hydroxide at room temperature. The structural determination of these compounds was done by infrared, 1H‐NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), 13C‐NMR, electron ionization mass spectrometry, and high‐resolution electron ionization mass spectrometry analyses. All compounds were evaluated for their α‐glucosidase inhibitory potential. Compounds 6a, 6c–e, 6g, and 6i were found to be promising inhibitors of α‐glucosidase with IC50 values of 81.72 ± 1.18, 52.73 ± 1.16, 62.62 ± 1.15, 56.34 ± 1.17, 86.35 ± 1.17, 52.63 ± 1.16 µM, respectively. Molecular modeling and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) predictions supported the findings. The current synthesized library of compounds was achieved by utilizing very common raw materials in such a way that the synthesized compounds may prove to be promising drug leads.
Zugtragverhalten von Carbonbeton unter Hochtemperaturbeanspruchung
Authors: Holz Karoline , Curbach Manfred 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFür die breite Anwendung von Carbonbeton als konstruktiven Baustoff ist die Kenntnis der Materialkennwerte und des Materialverhaltens unter verschiedenen Expositionsbedingungen, also auch unter Hochtemperaturbeanspruchung von großer Bedeutung. Vor allem muss eine ausreichende Sicherheit gegenüber dem Versagen eines Bauteils im Brandfall gewährleistet werden. Hierzu ist der Wissensstand allerdings noch äußerst lückenhaft. Ausgehend von dieser Fragestellung wurde das Zugverhalten der aktuell für die Anwendung aussichtsreichsten Materialkombinationen bis zu einer Temperatur von 600 °C untersucht. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Überblick über das Versuchsprogramm und die Versuchsdurchführung gegeben. Es wird hierbei auch auf die Möglichkeiten chemischer Untersuchungen am Bewehrungsmaterial unter Hochtemperatur sowie den verwendeten Versuchsaufbau für die Zugprüfung eingegangen. Abschließend werden die erzielten Ergebnisse dargestellt, diskutiert und eingeordnet.
A combined phenolic extraction and fermentation reactor engineering model for multiphase red wine fermentation
Authors: Miller Konrad V. , Noguera Roberto , Beaver Jordan , Oberholster Anita , Block David E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRed wine production begins with a simultaneous fermentation and solid‐phase extraction process. Red wine color and mouthfeel is the result of the extraction of phenolics from grape skins and seeds during fermentation, where extraction is a strong function of temperature and ethanol concentration. During fermentation, grape solids form a porous “cap” at the top of the fermentor, resulting in a heterogeneous fermentation system with significant temperature and concentration gradients. In this work, we present a spatial, time‐variant reactor engineering model for phenolic extraction during red wine fermentation, incorporating fermentation kinetics, mass transfer, heat transfer, compressible fluid flow, and phenolic extraction kinetics. The temperature and ethanol concentration profiles predicted by this model allow for the calculation of phenolic extraction rates over the course of fermentation. Phenolic extraction predictions were validated against prior experimental data to good agreement and compared to a well‐mixed model's predictions to show the utility of a spatial model over well‐mixed models.
Hemolytic anemia after switching from infliximab originator to biosimilar CT‐P13 in a patient with inflammatory bowel disease: A case report
Authors: Strik Anne S. , D’Haens Geert R. , Löwenberg Mark 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAvailable data on switching from originator infliximab to CT‐P13 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are reassuring regarding safety and efficacy outcomes. However, monitoring of such patients, especially in the early phase after switching, is important given the possibility that rare side effects might occur, as illustrated here.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Piperidines through Visible‐Light‐Driven Silylative Cyclization of Aza‐1,6‐Dienes: Experimental and DFT Studies
Authors: Cui Wei‐Chen , Zhao Wenxuan , Gao Ming , Liu Wei , Wang Shaozhong , Liang Yong , Yao Zhu‐Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA visible‐light‐driven radical silylative cyclization of aza‐1,6‐dienes featuring an acrylonitrile or acrylate moiety and an electron‐neutral olefin was developed, which allows for stereoselective synthesis of densely functionalized piperidines in a highly atom‐economical manner. Depending on the substitution pattern of the electron‐neutral olefin, poor‐to‐excellent diastereoselectivity was observed. It was suggested that the 6‐exo‐trig cyclization was initiated by a chemoselective addition of silyl radical toward electron‐deficient olefin and the geometry of the remaining olefin is closely associated with the cis‐stereoselectivity. DFT calculations supported that a transition state with a cyano group locating at the axial position of the forming piperidine ring might be involved, in which either the increase of 1,3‐diaxial repulsion or the lack of hydrogen bonding interaction will diminish diastereoselectivity.
The Structural Basis for Processing of Unnatural Base Pairs by DNA Polymerases
Authors: Marx Andreas , Betz Karin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUnnatural base pairs (UBPs) greatly increase the diversity of DNA and RNA, furthering their broad range of molecular biological and biotechnological approaches. Different candidates have been developed whereby alternative hydrogen‐bonding patterns and hydrophobic and packing interactions have turned out to be the most promising base‐pairing concepts to date. The key in many applications is the highly efficient and selective acceptance of artificial base pairs by DNA polymerases, which enables amplification of the modified DNA. In this Review, computational as well as experimental studies that were performed to characterize the pairing behavior of UBPs in free duplex DNA or bound to the active site of KlenTaq DNA polymerase are highlighted. The structural studies, on the one hand, elucidate how base pairs lacking hydrogen bonds are accepted by these enzymes and, on the other hand, highlight the influence of one or several consecutive UBPs on the structure of a DNA double helix. Understanding these concepts facilitates optimization of future UBPs for the manifold fields of applications.
Late‐Stage Diversification of Tryptophan‐Derived Biomolecules
Authors: Gruß Hendrik , Sewald Norbert 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPd‐mediated reactions have emerged as a powerful tool for the site‐selective and bioorthogonal late‐stage diversification of amino acids, peptides and related compounds. Indole moieties of tryptophan derivatives are susceptible to C2H‐activation, whereas halogenated aromatic amino acids such as halophenylalanines or halotryptophans provide a broad spectrum of different functionalisations. The compatibility of transition‐metal‐catalysed cross‐couplings with functional groups in peptides, other biologically active compounds and even proteins has been demonstrated. This Review primarily compiles the application of different cross‐coupling reactions to modify halotryptophans, halotryptophan containing peptides or halogenated, biologically active compounds derived from tryptophan. Modern approaches use regio‐ and stereoselective biocatalytic strategies to generate halotryptophans and derivatives on a preparative scale. The combination of bio‐ and chemocatalysis in cascade reactions is given by the biocompatibility and bioorthogonality of Pd‐mediated reactions.