bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of electrolysis on magnetic abrasive finishing of AA6063‐T1 tube internal surface using combination machining tool
Authors: Muhamad M.R. , Jamaludin M.F. , Karim M.S. Ab , Yusof F. , Zou Y. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this research, we studied the effects of electrolysis in the magnetic abrasive finishing of an AA6063‐T1 tube internal surface. The finishing surface‘s hairline morphology was removed in a short time by physical characteristic transformation of the finishing surface in which the aluminum oxide film was formed during the electrolysis. Next, magnetic abrasive finishing was used to eliminate the oxidation layer and polish the surface to a mirror‐finishing standard. The two‐step process effectively improved the surface roughness in a shorter time. The morphology changes before and after the finishing process, was studied by surface roughness measurement and scanning electron microscope photographs. Notably, the pit or micro holes formation during the electrolysis on the aluminum oxide film was examined and its effect on the surface roughness was studied. The elements’ residual on the surface was investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer before and after the process to confirm the formation and removal of oxidation film on the finishing surface. The lower value for torque measurement in electrolysis combined process compared to the conventional method was due to the porous characteristic of aluminum oxide film.
Tensile behaviours of single‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Wahab A.M. Abdul , Nuh A. , Rasid Z.A. , Abu A. , Tanasta Z. , Hassan M.Z. , Mahmud J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis research is carried out to investigate linear and non‐linear mechanical properties of the single‐walled carbon nanotube. The approach of the analysis is carbon nanotube treated as a space‐frame structure where the carbon nanotube atoms are treated as nodes and the covalent bond between atoms are treated as beam elements. The 3 types of carbon nanotubes i. e. the armchair, chiral and zigzag single‐walled carbon nanotubes have been modelled using the Nanotube Modeler software. These geometric models will then be exported to the ANSYS Parametric Design Language software where the linear and non‐linear analyses on the carbon nanotube structure have been conducted. The linear analysis is to determine the Young's modulus of the carbon nanotube structure. The non‐linear analysis is to determine the ultimate tensile strength of the carbon nanotube structure. The material property (stress‐strain data) of the individual beam is estimated using the Morse potential equation between carbon atoms. This material property is applied to the ANSYS's software where the carbon nanotube structure is assumed to behave in isotropic hardening manner. The Young's modulus and the tensile strength of the carbon nanotube structure are found to be close to past value taken from literature.
Neurological adverse event profile of magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor
Authors: Fishman Paul S. , Elias W. Jeffrey , Ghanouni Pejman , Gwinn Ryder , Lipsman Nir , Schwartz Michael , Chang Jin W. , Taira Takaomi , Krishna Vibhor , Rezai Ali , Yamada Kazumichi , Igase Keiji , Cosgrove Rees , Kashima Haruhiko , Kaplitt Michael G. , Tierney Travis S. , Eisenberg Howard M. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: Magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of essential tremor. Although this incisionless technology creates an ablative lesion, it potentially avoids serious complications of open stereotactic surgery.Objective: To determine the safety profile of magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound unilateral thalamotomy for essential tremor, including frequency, and severity of adverse events, including serious adverse events.Methods: Analysis of safety data for magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy (186 patients, five studies).Results: Procedure‐related serious adverse events were very infrequent (1.6%), without intracerebral hemorrhages or infections. Adverse events were usually transient and were commonly rated as mild (79%) and rarely severe (1%). As previously reported, abnormalities in sensation and balance were the commonest thalamotomy‐related adverse events.Conclusion: The overall safety profile of magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy supports its role as a new option for patients with medically refractory essential tremor. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Evaluating Gaps in Care of Malnourished Patients on General Medicine Floors in an Acute Care Setting
Authors: Chambers Rachel , Bryan Joanna , Jannat‐Khah Deanna , Russo Emily , Merriman Louise , Gupta Renuka 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundAs described in detail in the literature, patients identified with malnutrition are at increased risk for poor clinical outcomes. Despite this knowledge, malnourished patients do not always receive optimal nutrition management while admitted into a hospital because of what we describe as gaps in care throughout their admission. We hypothesized that the 3 main gaps in care were poor dietitian–doctor communication, excessive time spent nil per os (NPO) for procedures and testing, and/or inaccurate or incomplete dietary discharge instructions. The objectives of this study were to determine and to characterize gaps in nutrition care after a malnutrition diagnosis.MethodsThis retrospective study involved postdischarge chart reviews of malnourished adult medicine patients admitted to an acute care facility from September 1, 2014, to November 30, 2014 (n = 242).ResultsOf the malnourished patients, 76% had at least 1 gap in care. The most prevalent gap (68%) involved discharge diet instructions, most often because of the omission of the dietitian recommendation for oral supplementation. Thirty‐five percent of malnourished patients had a gap in care because of procedures or testing extending the period held NPO, and 13% had a gap in care because of poor communication, thus delaying orders and/or interventions.ConclusionsThis is the first study to evaluate gaps in care of patients diagnosed with malnutrition. Identification of these gaps allows us the opportunity to develop strategies for this vulnerable population to improve areas such as discharge documentation and time spent NPO to provide the best and safest nutrition care.
Optimal trajectory control for a two‐link rigid‐flexible manipulator with ODE‐PDE model
Authors: Cao Fangfei , Liu Jinkun 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIn this paper, the optimal trajectory control problem for a two‐link rigid‐flexible manipulator is considered. Since the two‐link rigid‐flexible system is a distributed system, an ordinary differential equation and partial differential equation (ODE‐PDE) dynamic model of the manipulator is established by Hamilton's principle. Based on the ODE‐PDE model, an optimal trajectory controller is proposed in this paper, which includes 2 stages. In the first stage, the optimal trajectory is created by using the differential evolution algorithm. Energy consumption and deflection of the flexible link are chosen as performance indexes. Cubic spline interpolation is applied to obtain the continuous trajectory. In the second stage, the aim is to regulate 2 joints to follow the optimal trajectory and simultaneously suppress vibration of the flexible link. To achieve it, boundary control laws are designed and the stability analysis is given. In simulations, the effectiveness of the optimal controller is verified by MATLAB.
Trajectories of dispensed prescription opioids among beneficiaries enrolled in a Medicaid controlled substance “lock‐in” program
Authors: Naumann Rebecca B. , Marshall Stephen W. , Gottfredson Nisha C. , Lund Jennifer L. , Ringwalt Christopher L. , Skinner Asheley C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurpose“Lock‐in” programs (LIPs) are used by health insurers to address potential substance (eg, opioid) misuse among beneficiaries. We sought to (1) examine heterogeneity in trajectories of dispensed opioids (in average daily morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs)) over time: prior to, during, and following release from a LIP, and (2) assess associations between trajectory patterns and beneficiary characteristics.MethodsMedicaid claims were linked to Prescription Drug Monitoring Program records for a cohort of beneficiaries enrolled in the North Carolina Medicaid LIP (n = 2701). Using latent class growth analyses, we estimated trajectories of average daily MMEs of opioids dispensed to beneficiaries across specific time periods of interest.ResultsFive trajectory patterns appeared to sufficiently describe underlying heterogeneity. Starting values and slopes varied across the 5 trajectory groups, which followed these overall patterns: (1) start at a high level of MMEs, end at a high level of MMEs (13.1% of cohort); (2) start medium, end medium (13.2%); (3) start medium, end low (21.5%); (4) start low, end medium (22.6%); and (5) start low, end low (29.6%). We observed strong associations between patterns and beneficiaries' demographics, substance use‐related characteristics, comorbid conditions, and healthcare utilization.ConclusionsIn its current form, the Medicaid LIP appeared to have limited impact on beneficiaries' opioid trajectories. However, strong associations between trajectory patterns and beneficiary characteristics provide insight into potential LIP design modifications that might improve program impact (eg, LIP integration of substance use disorder assessment and referral to treatment, assessment and support for alternate pain therapies).
Development and stability of a heat‐stable formulation of carbetocin for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage for use in low and middle‐income countries
Authors: Malm Mattias , Madsen Ingbritt , Kjellström Johan 
Published: April 2018

Postpartum haemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Oxytocin, currently the drug of choice for prevention of PPH, requires constant refrigeration. In pursuit of an alternative medicine, Ferring Pharmaceuticals have developed a heat‐stable formulation of carbetocin, an oxytocin analogue. This study aimed to define that formulation, and to investigate its stability under ICH climate zone IV conditions (30°C/75% relative humidity) for at least 3 years and at extreme temperatures, such as 60°C, for shorter periods of time. The development resulted in a heat‐stable carbetocin formulation consisting of 0.1 mg/mL carbetocin in sodium succinate buffer, mannitol, and methionine. The optimum pH was determined to be pH 5.45 (5.25–5.65). The generated stability data of this formulation show that ≥95% purity of the peptide was maintained for a minimum of 3 years at 30°C, 6 months at 40°C, 3 months at 50°C and 1 month at 60°C. In addition, the heat‐stable carbetocin formulation was not sensitive to freezing or light. The reported highly stable peptide formulation facilitates the distribution in low and middle‐income countries, where maintaining cold chain distribution is difficult.Ferring Pharmaceuticals, the World Health Organization, and MSD for Mothers have established a collaboration to develop this heat‐stable formulation of carbetocin for the prevention of post‐partum hemorrhage in women after vaginal childbirth, with the aim of making the medicine available in the public sector of developing countries that have a high burden of maternal mortality.
Laryngomalacia presenting as severe uncontrolled asthma
Authors: Tamura Kanami , Shirai Toshihiro , Matsubara Aya 
Published: April 2018

Key messageCongenital laryngomalacia is the most common cause of stridor in infants and usually resolves without therapy by 12–18 months of age. However, a recent study found that laryngomalacia may leave structural and functional traces with increased risk of later respiratory symptoms, suggesting that late‐onset laryngomalacia may represent long‐term consequences of milder or even undiagnosed forms. Unusual cases demonstrated that inspiratory stridor developed subsequent to upper respiratory tract infections. The lack of airway hyperresponsiveness in adulthood also raised questions regarding the diagnosis of childhood asthma. Laryngomalacia should be distinguished from severe asthma.
Robot‐assisted aortic valve surgery: State of the art and challenges for the future
Authors: Balkhy Husam H. , Lewis Clifton T.P. , Kitahara Hiroto 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRobotic cardiac surgery was FDA‐approved in 2002 and since then several different procedures have been performed to facilitate a truly minimally invasive approach. The use of robotics in aortic valve surgery, however, is still in its infancy. In this article, we report our clinical experience and chronological development with robot‐assisted aortic valve surgery. This includes a description of how robotic assistance was gradually integrated during right mini‐thoracotomy aortic valve replacement, a series of cases in which the robot was docked for parts of the procedure, a single case of a totally endoscopic robot‐assisted aortic valve replacement with a stentless valve, and three cases of aortic valve papillary fibroelastoma resections. All of these were performed safely with early postoperative recovery and excellent clinical results. Additionally, we review the latest literature describing robot‐assisted aortic valve surgery. Finally, we describe current issues, and challenges for robot‐assisted aortic valve surgery.
Adaptive tracking for MIMO nonlinear systems with Unknown fast time‐varying parameters
Authors: Wu Zhongle , Chen Jian , Wu Chengshuai , Zhang Kaixiang 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we consider a class of MIMO nonlinear systems with fast time‐varying parametric uncertainties. First, the tracking problem of general nonlinearly time‐varyingly parameterized systems is solved. Then, a Lyapunov‐based singularity free adaptive controller is proposed for the considered system. Specifically, an estimation approach with a proportional plus integral adaptation scheme is utilized to update the estimations of the unknown parameters under a mild assumption that the signs of the leading minors of the input gain matrix are known. The asymptotic stability is achieved with full state feedback. Furthermore, we design an output feedback controller by utilizing a standard high‐gain observer and achieve uniformly ultimately bounded convergence. Simulation examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Long‐term trends in biological indicators and water quality in rivers and streams of New York State (1972–2012)
Authors: Smith A.J. , Duffy B.T. , Onion A. , Heitzman D.L. , Lojpersberger J.L. , Mosher E.A. , Novak M.A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGovernment‐operated water quality monitoring programmes and their long‐term datasets are crucial to documenting improvements in water resource condition in response to changes in pollutant regulation. We present trends in the biological assessment of water quality (benthic macroinvertebrates) and water chemistry, to determine how these indicators of water quality have responded to shifts in pollutants and regulation in streams and rivers of NY between 1972 and 2012. Change in the results of NYS's multimetric index of biological integrity, the Biological Assessment Profile (BAP) score, was compared between four, 10‐year periods at 30 large river and 138 wadeable stream sites. Water Chemistry trends were analysed through calculation of Weighted Regression on Time, Discharge, and Season from 11 long‐term, large river locations from across NYS. Overall, results suggest small, incremental improvements in biological indicators and a shift from point source dominated pollution to nonpoint sources. From 1972 to 2012, 33% of large river sites sampled improved and 13% declined in biological assessment of water quality, 58% of wadeable stream sites sampled showed no change. Macroinvertebrate community models suggest that impact sources are now dominated by nonpoint nutrient sources. Trends in water chemistry concentrations suggest that ammonia, chloride, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and total phosphorus had the strongest correlations with time. Total phosphorus and total Kjeldahl nitrogen decreased at base flow and increased during high flows, whereas ammonia decreased across a range of discharges, indicating the shift to nonpoint sources of nutrients and supporting the trends observed in biological indicators.
Using data from multiple studies to develop a child growth correlation matrix
Authors: Anderson Craig , Xiao Luo , Checkley William 
Published: April 2018

In many countries, the monitoring of child growth does not occur in a regular manner, and instead, we may have to rely on sporadic observations that are subject to substantial measurement error. In these countries, it can be difficult to identify patterns of poor growth, and faltering children may miss out on essential health interventions. The contribution of this paper is to provide a framework for pooling together multiple datasets, thus allowing us to overcome the issue of sparse data and provide improved estimates of growth. We use data from multiple longitudinal growth studies to construct a common correlation matrix that can be used in estimation and prediction of child growth. We propose a novel 2‐stage approach: In stage 1, we construct a raw matrix via a set of univariate meta‐analyses, and in stage 2, we smooth this raw matrix to obtain a more realistic correlation matrix. The methodology is illustrated using data from 16 child growth studies from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation's Healthy Birth Growth and Development knowledge integration project and identifies strong correlation for both height and weight between the ages of 4 and 12 years. We use a case study to provide an example of how this matrix can be used to help compute growth measures.
Structural and Spectroscopic Properties of 2‐Bromoacetylnaphthalene: Experimental and Computational (DFT) Analysis
Authors: Bakić Marina Tranfić , Nuskol Marko , Mikac Lara 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAcetylnaphthalene derivatives are often used as precursors in organic syntheses, among other in design of fluorescent sensors, where carbonyl group acts as potential binding site and naphthalene as signaling fluorescent moiety. Nevertheless, available structural and spectral data concerning the title compound is scarce. Herein the relationship between structure and spectral properties of 2‐(bromoacetyl)naphthalene was studied. The detailed insight into its structural characteristics was obtained by geometry optimization, potential energy surface scans, and natural bond orbital population analysis, using Hartree‐Fock and density functional calculations (DFT). Experimental 1H and 13C NMR, infrared (IR), Raman, ultraviolet (UV), and fluorescence spectra were examined in detail, and compared to corresponding theoretically obtained spectra. Computational studies complemented the experimental ones, provided additional information, helped elucidate the origin of spectral details, and eased the interpretation of spectra. The obtained structural and spectral data contribute to better understanding of reactivity of this type of compounds.
Carrier Transport and Photoresponse in GeSe/MoS2 Heterojunction p–n Diodes
Authors: Tan Dezhi , Wang Xiaofan , Zhang Wenjin , Lim Hong En , Shinokita Keisuke , Miyauchi Yuhei , Maruyama Mina , Okada Susumu , Matsuda Kazunari 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSimple stacking of thin van der Waals 2D materials with different physical properties enables one to create heterojunctions (HJs) with novel functionalities and new potential applications. Here, a 2D material p–n HJ of GeSe/MoS2 is fabricated and its vertical and horizontal carrier transport and photoresponse properties are studied. Substantial rectification with a very high contrast (>104) through the potential barrier in the vertical‐direction tunneling of HJs is observed. The negative differential transconductance with high peak‐to‐valley ratio (>105) due to the series resistance change of GeSe, MoS2, and HJs at different gate voltages is observed. Moreover, strong and broad‐band photoresponse via the photoconductive effect are also demonstrated. The explored multifunctional properties of the GeSe/MoS2 HJs are expected to be important for understanding the carrier transport and photoresponse of 2D‐material HJs for achieving their use in various new applications in the electronics and optoelectronics fields.
Polymer Nanosheet Containing Star‐Like Copolymers: A Novel Scalable Controlled Release System
Authors: Cao Peng‐Fei , de Leon Al , Rong Lihan , Yin Ke‐Zhen , Abenojar Eric C. , Su Zhe , Tiu Brylee David B. , Exner Agata A. , Baer Eric , Advincula Rigoberto C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPoly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)‐based nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles and liposomes, have exhibited great potential as controlled release systems, but the difficulties in large‐scale fabrication limit their practical applications. Among the various methods being developed to fabricate polymer nanosheets (PNSs) for different applications, such as Langmuir–Blodgett technique and layer‐by‐layer assembly, are very effort consuming, and only a few PNSs can be obtained. In this paper, poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐based PNSs with adjustable thickness are obtained in large quantity by simple water exposure of multilayer polymer films, which are fabricated via a layer multiplying coextrusion method. The PNS is also demonstrated as a novel controlled guest release system, in which release kinetics are adjustable by the nanosheet thickness, pH values of the media, and the presence of protecting layers. Theoretical simulations, including Korsmeyer–Peppas model and Finite‐element analysis, are also employed to discern the observed guest‐release mechanisms.
Superior Performance of a Lithium–Sulfur Battery Enabled by a Dimethyl Trisulfide Containing Electrolyte
Authors: Chen Shuru , Wang Daiwei , Zhao Yuming , Wang Donghai 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe lithium–sulfur (Li‐S) battery offers a high theoretical energy density of ≈2600 Wh kg−1 and low cost, positioning it as a promising candidate for next‐generation battery technology. However, problems including disastrous Li polysulfides dissolution and irreversible Li2S deposition have severely retarded the development of Li‐S batteries. To solve these issues, a functional dimethyl disulfide (DMDS)‐containing electrolyte was recently reported that promotes an alternate electrochemical reaction pathway for sulfur cathodes by the formation of dimethyl polysulfides and Li organosulfides as intermediates and reduction products, leading to significantly boosted Li‐S cell capacity with improved cycling reversibility and stability. Here, dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), a primary discharge–charge intermediate in the DMDS‐containing electrolyte, which is also a commercially available reagent, is further investigated as a cosolvent in functional electrolytes for Li‐S batteries. Due to the higher theoretical capacity of DMTS and its better reactivity with Li2S than DMDS, a 25 vol% DMTS‐containing electrolyte enables Li‐S batteries with even higher cell capacity and improved cycling performance than using previous optimal 50 vol% DMDS‐containing electrolyte.