bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical Models of Shear-Wave Radiation Pattern Derived from Large Datasets of Ground-Shaking Observations
Authors: Kotha Sreeram Reddy , Cotton Fabrice , Bindi Dino 
Published: January 2019

AbstractShear-waves are the most energetic body-waves radiated from an earthquake, and are responsible for the destruction of engineered structures. In both short-term emergency response and long-term risk forecasting of disaster-resilient built environment, it is critical to predict spatially accurate distribution of shear-wave amplitudes. Although decades’ old theory proposes a deterministic, highly anisotropic, four-lobed shear-wave radiation pattern, from lack of convincing evidence, most empirical ground-shaking prediction models settled for an oversimplified stochastic radiation pattern that is isotropic on average. Today, using the large datasets of uniformly processed seismograms from several strike, normal, reverse, and oblique-slip earthquakes across the globe, compiled specifically for engineering applications, we could reveal, quantify, and calibrate the frequency-, distance-, and style-of-faulting dependent transition of shear-wave radiation between a stochastic-isotropic and a deterministic-anisotropic phenomenon. Consequent recalibration of empirical ground-shaking models dramatically improved their predictions: with isodistant anisotropic variations of ±40%, and 8% reduction in uncertainty. The outcomes presented here can potentially trigger a reappraisal of several practical issues in engineering seismology, particularly in seismic ground-shaking studies and seismic hazard and risk assessment.
Identification of Key Signaling Pathways Orchestrating Substrate Topography Directed Osteogenic Differentiation Through High-Throughput siRNA Screening
Authors: Ozdemir Tugba , Bowers Daniel T. , Zhan Xiang , Ghosh Debashis , Brown Justin L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFibrous scaffolds are used for bone tissue engineering purposes with great success across a variety of polymers with different physical and chemical properties. It is now evident that the correct degree of curvature promotes increased cytoskeletal tension on osteoprogenitors leading to osteogenic differentiation. However, the mechanotransductive pathways involved in this phenomenon are not fully understood. To achieve a reproducible and specific cellular response, an increased mechanistic understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving the fibrous scaffold mediated bone regeneration must be understood. High throughput siRNA mediated screening technology has been utilized for dissecting molecular targets that are important in certain cellular phenotypes. In this study, we used siRNA mediated gene silencing to understand the osteogenic differentiation observed on fibrous scaffolds. A high-throughput siRNA screen was conducted using a library collection of 863 genes including important human kinase and phosphatase targets on pre-osteoblast SaOS-2 cells. The cells were grown on electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) scaffolds with a diameter of 0.938 ± 0.304 µm and a flat surface control. The osteogenic transcription factor RUNX2 was quantified with an in-cell western (ICW) assay for the primary screen and significant targets were selected via two sample t-test. After selecting the significant targets, a secondary screen was performed to identify osteoinductive markers that also effect cell shape on fibrous topography. Finally, we report the most physiologically relevant molecular signaling mechanisms that are involved in growth factor free, fibrous topography mediated osteoinduction. We identified GTPases, membrane channel proteins, and microtubule associated targets that promote an osteoinductive cell shape on fibrous scaffolds.
Monolithic multiple colour emission from InGaN grown on patterned non-polar GaN
Authors: Gong Y. , Jiu L. , Bruckbauer J. , Bai J. , Martin R. W. , Wang T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA novel overgrowth approach has been developed in order to create a multiple-facet structure consisting of only non-polar and semi-polar GaN facets without involving any c-plane facets, allowing the major drawbacks of utilising c-plane GaN for the growth of III-nitride optoelectronics to be eliminated. Such a multiple-facet structure can be achieved by means of overgrowth on non-polar GaN micro-rod arrays on r-plane sapphire. InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) are then grown on the multiple-facet templates. Due to the different efficiencies of indium incorporation on non-polar and semi-polar GaN facets, multiple-colour InGaN/GaN MQWs have been obtained. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements have demonstrated that the multiple-colour emissions with a tunable intensity ratio of different wavelength emissions can be achieved simply through controlling the overgrowth conditions. Detailed cathodoluminescence measurements and excitation-power dependent PL measurements have been performed, further validating the approach of employing the multiple facet templates for the growth of multiple colour InGaN/GaN MQWs. It is worth highlighting that the approach potentially paves the way for the growth of monolithic phosphor-free white emitters in the future.
The EZH2 SANT1 domain is a histone reader providing sensitivity to the modification state of the H4 tail
Authors: Weaver Tyler M. , Liu Jiachen , Connelly Katelyn E. , Coble Chris , Varzavand Katayoun , Dykhuizen Emily C. , Musselman Catherine A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSANT domains are found in a number of chromatin regulators. They contain approximately 50 amino acids and have high similarity to the DNA binding domain of Myb related proteins. Though some SANT domains associate with DNA others have been found to bind unmodified histone tails. There are two SANT domains in Enhancer of Zeste 2 (EZH2), the catalytic subunit of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), of unknown function. Here we show that the first SANT domain (SANT1) of EZH2 is a histone binding domain with specificity for the histone H4 N-terminal tail. Using NMR spectroscopy, mutagenesis, and molecular modeling we structurally characterize the SANT1 domain and determine the molecular mechanism of binding to the H4 tail. Though not important for histone binding, we find that the adjacent stimulation response motif (SRM) stabilizes SANT1 and transiently samples its active form in solution. Acetylation of H4K16 (H4K16ac) or acetylation or methylation of H4K20 (H4K20ac and H4K20me3) are seen to abrogate binding of SANT1 to H4, which is consistent with these modifications being anti-correlated with H3K27me3 in-vivo. Our results provide significant insight into this important regulatory region of EZH2 and the first characterization of the molecular mechanism of SANT domain histone binding.
Mechanical milling: a sustainable route to induce structural transformations in MoS2 for applications in the treatment of contaminated water
Authors: Cantarella Maria , Gorrasi Giuliana , Di Mauro Alessandro , Scuderi Mario , Nicotra Giuseppe , Fiorenza Roberto , Scirè Salvatore , Scalisi Maria Elena , Brundo Maria Violetta , Privitera Vittorio , Impellizzeri Giuliana 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have received much attention in recent years, because of their unusual properties associated with their ultra-thin thickness and 2D morphology. Besides graphene, a new 2D material, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), has attracted immense interest in various applications. On the other hand, ball-milling process provides an original strategy to modify materials at the nanometer scale. This methodology represents a smart solution for the fabrication of MoS2 nanopowders extremely-efficient in adsorbing water contaminants in aqueous solution. This work reports a comprehensive morphological, structural, and physicochemical investigation of MoS2 nanopowders treated with dry ball-milling. The adsorption performances of the produced nanopowders were tested using methylene blue (MB) dye and phenol in aqueous solution. The adsorption capacity as a function of ball-milling time was deeply studied and explained. Importantly, the ball-milled MoS2 nanopowders can be easily and efficiently regenerated without compromising their adsorption capacity, so to be reusable for dye adsorption. The eventual toxic effects of the prepared materials on microcrustacean Artemia salina were also studied. The present results demonstrate that ball-milling of MoS2 offers a valid method for large-scale production of extremely efficient adsorbent for the decontamination of wastewaters from several pollutants.
Bilateral engagement of the occipito-temporal cortex in response to dance kinematics in experts
Authors: Orlandi Andrea , Proverbio Alice Mado 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPrevious evidence has shown neuroplastic changes in brain anatomy and connectivity associated with the acquisition of professional visuomotor skills. Reduced hemispherical asymmetry was found in the sensorimotor and visual areas in expert musicians and athletes compared with non-experts. Moreover, increased expertise with faces, body, and objects resulted in an enhanced engagement of the occipito-temporal cortex (OTC) during stimulus observation. The present study aimed at investigating whether intense and extended practice with dance would result in an enhanced symmetric response of OTC at an early stage of action processing. Expert ballet dancers and non-dancer controls were presented with videos depicting ballet steps during EEG recording. The observation of the moving dancer elicited a posterior N2 component, being larger over the left hemisphere in dancers than controls. The source reconstruction (swLORETA) of the negativity showed the engagement of the bilateral inferior and middle temporal regions in experts, while right-lateralized activity was found in controls. The dancers also showed an early P2 and enhanced P300 responses, indicating faster stimulus processing and subsequent recognition. This evidence seemed to suggest expertise-related increased sensitivity of the OTC in encoding body kinematics. Thus, we speculated that long-term whole-body practice would result in enriched and refined action processing.
An inhomogeneous across-slab conduit controlled by intraslab stress heterogeneity in the Nankai subduction zone
Authors: Otsubo Makoto , Miyakawa Ayumu , Katayama Ikuo , Okazaki Keishi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNonvolcanic, deep low-frequency tremors and slow-slip events occur simultaneously in the transition zone from locked to continuously creeping fault in the down-dip portion of the Nankai Trough subduction zone, southwestern Japan. The occurrence of these slow earthquakes is discontinuous along the trench and attributed to the effect of high pore pressures at the plate boundary. Here, we show that spatial variations in intraslab stress may control fluid migration from the subducted Philippine Sea slab to the plate boundary. The triaxial normal faulting stress, detected by stress tensor inversion using focal mechanisms in the slab, controls anisotropically permeability that trends NNW–SSE subhorizontally from the subducted Philippine Sea slab to the plate boundary. The inhomogeneous permeability controlled by spatial stress heterogeneities in the subducted Philippine Sea slab controls the intraslab fluid pathway. This hypothesis is consistent with the spatial heterogeneity of slow earthquakes and 3He/4He ratio distributions.
A physical approach to modelling large-scale galactic magnetic fields
Authors: Shukurov Anvar , Rodrigues Luiz Felippe S. , Bushby Paul J. , Hollins James , Rachen Jörg P. 
Published: January 2019

Context.A convenient representation of the structure of the large-scale galactic magnetic field is required for the interpretation of polarization data in the sub-mm and radio ranges, in both the Milky Way and external galaxies.Aims.We develop a simple and flexible approach to construct parametrised models of the large-scale magnetic field of the Milky Way and other disc galaxies, based on physically justifiable models of magnetic field structure. The resulting models are designed to be optimised against available observational data.Methods.Representations for the large-scale magnetic fields in the flared disc and spherical halo of a disc galaxy were obtained in the form of series expansions whose coefficients can be calculated from observable or theoretically known galactic properties. The functional basis for the expansions is derived as eigenfunctions of the mean-field dynamo equation or of the vectorial magnetic diffusion equation.Results.The solutions presented are axially symmetric but the approach can be extended straightforwardly to non-axisymmetric cases. The magnetic fields are solenoidal by construction, can be helical, and are parametrised in terms of observable properties of the host object, such as the rotation curve and the shape of the gaseous disc. The magnetic field in the disc can have a prescribed number of field reversals at any specified radii. Both the disc and halo magnetic fields can separately have either dipolar or quadrupolar symmetry. The model is implemented as a publicly available software packageGALMAGwhich allows, in particular, the computation of the synchrotron emission and Faraday rotation produced by the model’s magnetic field.Conclusions.The model can be used in interpretations of observations of magnetic fields in the Milky Way and other spiral galaxies, in particular as a prior in Bayesian analyses. It can also be used for a simple simulation of a time-dependent magnetic field generated by dynamo action.
Evaluation of destructive processes in FRC composites using time-frequency analysis of AE signals
Authors: Krampikowska Aleksandra , Adamczak – Bugno Anna 
Published: January 2019

Modern fiber-cement boards currently used in construction are made of natural raw materials such as cement, cellulose fibers and of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and water. They replaced the eternitic plates, which were harmful to health, originated by Ludwig Hatschek. Materials made of fiber-cement are used in construction industry as a building and finishing material for facades, internal walls and roofs. Therefore, they are exposed to environmental conditions including rainfall and temperature changes, and in particular to frequent temperature transition through 0°C in a 24-hour cycle (cyclic freezing-thawing). In addition, fibrous cement materials, primarily used as cladding elements, are exposed to exceptional conditions, which include the high temperature caused by fire.
The article presents the results of experimental tests of flexural strength of cement fiber boards subjected to exceptional conditions, to which the operation of fire belongs. The paper also presents a proposal to use a non-destructive method of acoustic emission based on time-frequency analysis for testing fiber-cement boards. Interesting research results were obtained that allowed to trace the differences in the mechanisms of material destruction under the influence of the changing time of external factors.
Formation of a marketing support complex for an export-oriented enterprise in conditions of risk and uncertainty
Authors: Maslak Olga , Sokurenko Petro , Grishko Natalya , Maslak Mariya 
Published: January 2019

The work covers the theoretical and methodological foundations of marketing for an export-oriented enterprise. At the present stage of development of the economy, the use of marketing tools in activities is a powerful means of increasing the enterprises` competitiveness, strengthening adaptive characteristics when external conditions and market conditions change. Consumption volumes are the driving force of the production activity of the enterprise, affecting the nomenclature, range and scale of production. The introduction of the marketing concept, which focuses on the production of products that are in the market demand, stimulates the production of products needed by the consumer. Theoretical and methodological issues of marketing aimed at restricting the demand for irrational demand products (opposing marketing) attract the attention of scientists and practitioners. At the same time, the choice of the topic was due to insufficient research of this scientific problem as a whole and its relevance for the economy of Ukraine, especially in the context of the development of cooperation with the European Union. A detailed study of the tools of opposing marketing allows export-oriented enterprises to ensure the profitability of commercial and marketing activities, while the harmful effects of the consumption of goods of irrational demand determine the feasibility of research and analysis of the conditions and their consumption motivation. The demand for these products is undesirable; therefore, countermeasure marketing at the state level is controlled by the relevant organizations.
In this study, attention is paid to the analytical and regulatory aspects of determining the current state and trends of marketing support for the tobacco industry enterprises activities. The features of a complex of marketing support formation of their activities in the conditions of risk and uncertainty are determined.
Risk of delayed bleeding before and after implementation of cold snare polypectomy in a screening colonoscopy setting
Authors: Chang Li-Chun , Shun Chia-Tung , Hsu Wen-Feng , Tu Chia-Hong , Chen Chieh-Chang , Wu Ming-Shiang , Chiu Han-Mo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is considered to be effective in reducing risk of delayed bleeding but randomized trials fail to support this owing to the small sample size. The current study aimed to compare risk of delayed bleeding before and after implementation of CSP in a screening colonoscopy setting.
Patients and methods This study retrospectively analyzed a prospectively maintained screening colonoscopy database in a university hospital in Taiwan. We compared the rate of delayed bleeding before and after implementation within similar periods (18 months and 15 months) and the respective number of polypectomies (1,304 and 1,255) performed to remove small and diminutive polyps. The main outcome measurement was delayed bleeding within the two periods. Multivariate analysis was performed to adjust for major confounders.
Results A total of 1,304 and 1,225 subjects received hot snare polypectomy (HSP) and CSP in two separate periods, respectively. Compared with the HSP, the CSP had a lower rate of delayed bleeding (0.1 % vs. 1.1 %, P < 0.001), severe bleeding (0 % vs. 0.7 %, P < 0.01), need for second-look colonoscopy (0 % vs. 0.8 %, P < 0.01), and emergency service visits (0.1 % vs. 1.0 %, P < 0.01). Total procedure time (12.60 ± 11.45 vs. 16.48 ± 14.27 min/person, P < 0.01) and duration of hospital stay (1.18 ± 0.50 vs. 1.53 ± 5.78 hour/person, P < 0.03) were also shorter after CSP implementation. Multivariate analysis showed that HSP was an independent risk factor for delayed bleeding after adjusting for age, gender, and number of polyps (adjusted odds ratio 14.4;95 % confidence interval = 1.88 – 110.6).
Conclusion Implementation of CSP significantly reduces risk of delayed bleeding associated with removing small and diminutive polyps in screening colonoscopy.
Significant Hematochezia and Intracranial Bleeding in Neonatal Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Merves Matthew , Parsons Kimberly , Alazraki Adina , Meisel Jonathan , Sauer Cary , Li Hong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an underreported autosomal dominant vascular dysplasia. Neonatal presentations of HHT are rare, as this disorder typically presents in adolescence or beyond with epistaxis. We report a female neonate with hematochezia on the 1st day of life secondary to multiple gastrointestinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) along with intracranial hemorrhage. We describe her clinical course and management, as well as her novel family mutation in ENG. This is the first reported HHT case with significant gastrointestinal bleeding in the newborn. We review neonatal HHT and raise the consideration for more directed prenatal imaging and delivery options for fetuses at high risk of HHT.
IL18 Gene Polymorphism Influences Age of Onset of DM1 in African Ancestry Brazilians
Authors: Boëchat-Fernandes Alejandro , Réa Rosângela , Romanzini Nicole , Gomes Marilia , Furtado-Alle Lupe , Souza Ricardo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the interleukin-18 (IL18) gene (rs187238, g.-137G > C; rs1946518, g.-607C > A) and one SNP of the IL12B gene (rs3212227 g.*159A > C, 3′UTR) with the age of onset for type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). A total of 1,101 patients with DM1 enrolled in 13 centers from different regions of Brazil were genotyped with TaqMan assay and classified according to the ancestry. Our results show that an SNP in IL18 gene could be associated with DM1 age onset, taking into account that this studied variation affects gene expression.
Spontaneous Aneurysm of External Carotid Artery: Management and Complications
Authors: Banode Pankaj , Mohan Abhinav A. , Ravekar Shishir , Banode Priyanka , Sharma Pushan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractExtracranial carotid artery aneurysm is a rare vascular disease in the neck with variable presentation. Aneurysms are associated with significant mortality and morbidity and are associated with fatal complication secondary to spontaneous rupture or tracheal compression or laryngeal edema and distal embolization. A 43-year-old male patient presented with large aneurysm arising from proximal common carotid artery (CCA) causing tracheal obstruction leading to life-threatening respiratory symptoms. The endovascular interventional management is an emerging alternative for surgical option and providing promising results with almost similar safety and efficacy. Endovascular management of an extracranial carotid artery aneurysm using stent graft is minimally invasive and effective.
Expeditious prediction of post-mortem changes in frozen fish meat using three-dimensional fluorescence fingerprints
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur , Shibata Mario , ElMasry Gamal , Nakazawa Naho , Nakauchi Shigeki , Hagiwara Tomoaki , Osako Kazufumi , Okazaki Emiko 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to characterize fluorophores in the fish body using three-dimensional fluorescence fingerprints (3D-FFs) and to utilize these 3D-FFs obtained from frozen horse mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) fillets to predict early post-mortem changes. Alive fish were sacrificed instantly, preserved in ice until 2 days, and then filleted, vacuum packed, and frozen. Subsequently, 3D-FFs of the frozen fillets were acquired using F-7000 aided with a fiber probe. Post-mortem freshness changes were tracked by measuring adenylate energy charge (AEC) values and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD and NADH) content. Partial least squares regression models for predicting AEC values and NADH content in frozen fish meat showed good fittings, with R2 of 0.90 and 0.85, by utilizing eight and five excitation wavelengths, respectively, based on their fluorescence features acquired from standard fluorophores. This novel approach of 3D-FFs could be utilized as an efficient technique for at-line monitoring of frozen fish quality.