bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of low dose magnesium sulphate therapy with Pritchard’s regime in management of Eclampsia
Authors: Kansara Vijay M. , Patel Payal Sureshkumar , Desai Ajesh N. 
Published: September 2019

Background: Eclampsia is one of the most common causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity in India. Amongst the principles of management of eclampsia, the first is the control of convulsions. Magnesium sulphate is the main stay of treatment in eclampsia and imminent eclampsia. Average weight of Indian women is less than the western women due to which lower dose of magnesium sulphate can be used. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of low dose magnesium sulphate regimen with standard Pritchard regimen in control of eclampsia.Methods: The study was carried out at emergency labour room, GMERS Sola Civil Hospital Ahmedabad. 120 patients of eclampsia were divided randomly into study group (n=60) receiving low dose MgSO4 and control group (n=60) receiving Pritchard regimen. The recurrence of convulsion, toxicity of MgSO4 and maternal and fetal outcome was studied.Results: It was observed that with low dose MgSO4 regime, convulsions were controlled in 91.7% of the cases. With standard Pritchard’s regime convulsions were controlled in 95% of patients. The maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity were comparable in both groups.Conclusions: Low dose magnesium sulphate therapy is as effective as Pritchard’s regime for controlling convulsions in eclampsia and can be safely given in Indian women.
Intrauterine platelet rich plasma versus injection G-CSF for treatment of thin endometrium in infertility
Authors: Vora Amishi Vijay , Nadkarni Purnima K. , Garasia Jigna , Nadkarni Aditi , Singh Pooja Nadkarni , Nadkarni Vaibhav K. 
Published: September 2019

Background: For success in IVF treatment, it is essential that the patient has a responsive endometrium together with many other factors. Inspite of numerous treatments available today for growth of endometrium, there is lack of any ideal drug or protocol for increasing endometrial thickness. The study is an attempt to evaluate the role of two drugs for increasing endometrial growth before embryos transfers.Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study including 50 patients with previously diagnosed as thin endometrium patients who may or may not have failed previous cycles of IVF. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. First group-Group A (n=25) are patients randomly selected to undergo intrauterine PRP instillation for increase in endometrial thickness before embryo transfer. Second group-Group B (n=25) are randomly selected from a retrospective cohort of thin endometrium to take injection GCSF as intrauterine infusion (total dose 300mcg) on day of trigger or day 11 of cycle followed by 60 units subcutaneously after embryo transfer. The difference in endometrial thickness during transfer and the pregnancy outcomes were compared.Results: Injection GCSF was found to be more effective than intrauterine PRP in improving endometrial thickness in patients with thin endometrium with a p-value of <0.0001. It was found that the chemical and clinical pregnancy rates were comparable as the p values were 0.77 and 0.37 respectively and hence statistically not significant. Although patients given injection GCSF had a slightly higher clinical pregnancy rate (44%) as compared to patients given intrauterine PRP which was 28%. All other variables were comparable.Conclusions: In the study it was proven that injection GCSF, is more effective for the treatment of thin endometrium patients as compared to intrauterine PRP infusion. Though the clinical and chemical pregnancy rates were comparable, a higher percentage of women were clinically pregnant in the group given injection GCSF. Intrauterine PRP can also be a good alternative for thin endometrium. More studies and RCTS are needed for comparison to prove the effectiveness of these drugs for treatment of thin endometrium.
Analysis of frequency of congenital fetal anomalies diagnosed on antenatal ultrasound in a tertiary care hospital of Balochistan
Authors: Jesrani Ameet , Gul Pari , Jogezai Shama , Gul Palwasha , Naheed Fahmida , Jamal Asif 
Published: September 2019

Background: The objective of our study is to check the incidence of various congenital fetal anomalies in antenatal period by ultrasonography in a subset of population.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Radiology, Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta from November 2017 to October 2018. Total of 1323 second and third trimester pregnancies were analyzed for a period of one year. 34 fetal anomalies were detected making the prevalence of 2.5%. Information obtained from history, clinical examination and Ultrasound examination were recorded. The data was analyzed in SPSS 20.These patients were also interviewed for folic acid supplementation and consanguineous marriage.Results: 1323 patients were examined with congenital abnormalities detected in 34 fetuses. Among 34 fetuses, 20 were male and 14 were female fetuses. Out of 34, mother of 24 fetuses verified that they did not take folic acid supplementation. Consanguineous marriage recognized as the important risk factor as found in 22 congenital abnormal fetus. CNS anomalies were the most commonly occurring anomalies with prevalence of (0.9%) followed by gastrointestinal tract anomalies (0.3%) and Urinary tract anomalies (0.3%).Conclusions: The fetus prognosis largely depends on early detection of its any congenital anomaly on antenatal ultrasound as they can result in abortions, still births and other fetal defects. So antenatal ultrasound is very important and safe method for early detection and management of fetal anomalies.
Breech presentation at term: outcomes and mode of delivery in a tertiary care teaching hospital In South India
Authors: David Liji , Abraham Anuja , Navaneethan Preethi , Regi Annie 
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to study the outcomes of all patients who presented with breech presentation at term (≥37 weeks), to assess what percentage of patients were offered External cephalic version (ECV), the rates of success of the procedure and the rates of vaginal delivery following successful ECV. It was a retrospective study of 669 patients diagnosed with breech at term, their clinical records were retrieved and data like age, BMI, parity, type of breech and scan findings noted. ECV was done in 256 patients and was successful in 35.5% of women with 51.1% being multigravidas and 26.8% in primigravidas. 76.9% of women with successful ECV delivered vaginally. There was no significant fetal or maternal morbidity documented as a result of ECV in this study.
Media Frames of the Ontario Safe Streets Act: assessing the moral panic model
Authors: Bates Michael 
Published: September 2019

This paper assesses the “moral panic” framework of Stanley Cohen with reference to panhandling and squeegeeing in Ontario. There are four general tenets of the moral panic model, three of which can be said to have been documented in the case of panhandling in Ontario: a recognized threat (panhandling), a rise in public concern, and punitive control mechanisms established to eliminate the threat. This paper argues that the fourth tenet, a stereotypical presentation of the moral threat to the social order, has not been systematically analyzed, and therefore that is the task of this paper. Specifically, this paper examines the framing used by the mainstream print media in Ontario to construct the panhandling/squeegeeing problem. Articles and letters­ to the­ editor were sampled from two mainstream Ontario newspapers, the Toronto Star and the Ottawa Citizen, to examine the mainstream media’s framing of panhandling and squeegee cleaning.
This sample was taken between 1995 and 2005, a timeframe which revolves around the implementation of the Ontario Safe Streets Act 2000, which is recognized as the punitive control mechanism designed to eliminate the threat of panhandling. The findings of this paper lead to the conclusion that panhandling in Ontario during the implementation of the Ontario Safe Streets Act does not constitute a classic moral panic by virtue of the role the media played. However, the evidence that punitive control mechanisms were established absent the support of the mainstream media suggests that a deeper understanding of the role of mainstream media as well as political interests is required with respect to framing moral panics.
To Spark Real-Time Revolution, Fracture Diagnostic Firms Partner Up and Innovate
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: September 2019

While waiting to give a presentation at an industry conference last year, Dale Logan was sitting in his chair listening to one of the speakers lined up ahead of him. The man at the podium was describing an emerging fracture diagnostics system that analyzes the “noise” coming out of a hydraulically stimulated well to measure the size of its fractures.
“I’m just as skeptical as the next guy,” said Logan, a 31-year field operations veteran turned senior vice president of marketing for C&J Energy Services in Houston. “So I said to him, ‘Look, if this stuff is really as good as you guys say it is, then I’m interested.’”
The technology that caught his eye that day comes from an Austin-based startup called Seismos. The chance meeting led to more. Then late last year, the Houston-based pressure pumping company (which will soon become the third largest in the US after its merger with Keane Energy Services) and the startup of fewer than 40 people began working together in the field.
Their experiment was to see if combining C&J’s relatively new drilling data-based completions advisory tool with Seismos’ wellhead-based acoustic analysis proves out the value proposition of both technologies at the same time. Success would be convincing operators that there is a way to predict the relationship between rock properties, fracture half-lengths, and near- wellbore conductivity—opening the door for geologic-based, or “engineered completion” strategies.
The project has borne fruit, but it remains a work in progress as the two companies make sure they know how best to use their data sets together. “It’s not that easy,” said Logan on the pains of the validation process. “You come up with something new, you show people the answer, and then they ask how do you know if it’s right?”
To zoom out here is to see that this partnership is but a single team in the race to revolutionize how the shale sector monitors and executes multimillion-dollar hydraulic fracturing operations. Taking part are at least a dozen service companies and new technology developers that are importing advanced computing and communications technologies that have proven to work in other areas of the•business.•
The objective of these firms is to shed new light on what fractures look like, where they going as they are made, and how much profit they are likely to generate—or lose. Some are aiming to serve up these answers in real time, others, a few minutes after each fracture stage is completed. Either way, the fracture analysis can be used to guide a well completion as it unfolds.
In July, the exhibition floor of the Unconventional Resources Technology Conference (URTeC) became the physical manifestation of these grand ambitions.
Service providers used the gathering in Denver of more than 6,000 petrotechnicals to unveil new software platforms that manage and integrate hydraulic fracture data, which does not have a formal standard across the board as in the drilling sector. Also on display were new ways to capture fracture data.
Intestinal schistosomiasis of Ijinga Island, north-western Tanzania: Prevalence, intensity of infection, hepatosplenic morbidities and their associated factors
Authors: Mueller Andreas , Fuss Antje , Ziegler Uwe , Kaatano Godfrey M. , Mazigo Humphrey D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Intestinal schistosomiasis is highly endemic in Tanzania and mass drug administration (MDA) using praziquantel is the mainstay of control. MDA covers only school aged children and does not include other public health measures. The Ijinga schistosomiasis project examines the impact of an intensified MDA protocol combined with additional public health interventions. It aims to investigate the feasibility of eliminating intestinal schistosomiasis in a highly endemic African setting using an integrated community-based approach. We report baseline data on S.mansoni prevalence, intensity of infection, related hepatosplenic morbidities and their associated factors.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 930 individuals aged 1-95 years on Ijinga Island, north-western Tanzania in September 2016. Single stool and urine samples were collected and processed using Kato Katz (KK) technique and point-of-care Circulating Cathodic (POC-CCA) antigen test for detection of S.mansoni eggs and antigen respectively. All participants received ultrasonography for S.mansoni hepatosplenic morbidities. For statistical analyses Fisher’s exact test, chi-square test, student-t-test, ANOVA and linear regression were used where applicable.
Results: Based on KK technique and POC-CCA test, 68.9% and 94.5% respectively were infected with S.mansoni . The overall geometrical mean eggs per gram (GMepg) of faeces was 85.7epg. A total of 27.1%, 31.2% and 51.9% of the participants had periportal fibrosis (PPF-grade C-F), splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Risk factors for PPF were being male (aRR=1.08, P <0.01), belong to the age group 16-25 years (aRR=1.23, P <0.01), 26-35 years (aRR=1.42, P <0.001), 36-45 years (aRR=1.56, P <0.001) and ≥ 46 years (aRR=1.64, P <0.001). The length of the left liver lobe was associated with being female ( P <0.03), the age group 1-5 years ( P <0.013), 6-15 years ( P <0.04) and S.mansoni intensity of infection ( P <0.034). Male sex (aRR=1.15, P <0.001) and the age groups 16-25 years (aRR=1.27, P <0.02) or 26-35 years (aRR=1.32, P <0.01) were associated with splenomegaly.
Conclusion : Schistosoma mansoni infection and related morbidities are common in the study area. Age, sex and intensity of infection were associated with periportal fibrosis. With a prevalence of >50% in each age group we recommend MDA to the entire community.
Study of hemolytic activity and subfactors of complement in smokers intoxication
Authors: Allaf Rojan Ghanim Al 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Heavy Smokers appeared to be less resistant to infection, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Many studies have examined the complement components concentrations than compared with normal people and ignored the functional sequencing of complement components.
Methods: our study included the determination of complement activity by using Sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) as antigen and extracting the hemolytic activity (50%) of complement compounds, and because of difficulty of this method we using statistical analysis program (SPSS 23) and derived the inverse equation which gives the decomposition percentage (1-100%) of complement components by using five serum dilutions only, The total hemolytic complement activity (CH50) and its C3 and C4 fractions were determined in 30 heavy smokers.
Results: The results were compared with a control group that contained 30 persons matched in age and sex. Generally, both C3 and C4 concentrations were increased in smoker's individual in compared with the control group. However, when the independent t-test has applied the differences in the C3 and C4 levels in the control group (healthy individuals) and in the smoker group were found to be statistically insignificant but the inverse equation showed a 7% reduction in CH50 in smokers compared with the control group, where 18% reduction was observed.
Conclusions: Our current study suggests that the complement components of the heavy smokers suffer from a significant dysfunction in the function, although the concentration of the basic components in the serum is parallel with normal values.
Epidemiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae Associated with the 2017 Outbreak in Kasese district
Authors: Iramiot Jacob Stanley , Rwego Innocent B. , Kansiime Catherine , Asiimwe Benon B 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Cholera has continued to be a global threat to public health and a key indicator of lack of social development in developing countries. This report summarizes findings from the epidemiologic investigation, which aimed at identifying the mode of transmission and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the Vibrio cholerae isolated in Kasese district, Uganda. Materials and methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study to describe the epidemiology of the 2017 cholera outbreak in Kasese district. Rectal swabs were collected from 69 suspected case-persons and cultured on Thiosulphate-Citrate-Bile-Salts Sucrose (TCBS™; SEIKEN Japan) agar and incubated at 370C for 18-24 hours. The isolates were serotyped with polyvalent 01 antiserum and monovalent serotype Inaba and Ogawa antisera (Denka Seiken, Tokyo, Japan) to determine which serotype was responsible for the outbreak. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Results A total of 222 cases were recorded in the Kasese District outbreak between the month of September 2017 and January 2018 with the case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.4%. Children below the age of 14 years contributed the biggest proportion of the cases (70%) and out of these, 33% were aged below five years. Antibiotic susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method showed 100% resistance to Ampicillin and over 50% were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole whereas gentamicin showed 100% susceptibility. The general trend also showed increased susceptibility to combination therapy as opposed to mono-therapy.
Template-switching artifacts resemble alternative polyadenylation
Authors: Balázs Zsolt , Tombácz Dóra , Csabai Zsolt , Moldován Norbert , Snyder Michael , Boldogkői Zsolt 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Alternative polyadenylation is commonly examined using cDNA sequencing, which is known to be affected by template-switching artifacts. However, the effects of such template-switching artifacts on alternative polyadenylation are generally disregarded, while alternative polyadenylation artifacts are attributed to internal priming.
Results: Here, we analyzed both long-read cDNA sequencing and direct RNA sequencing data of two organisms, generated by different sequencing platforms. We developed a filtering algorithm which takes into consideration that template-switching can be a source of artifactual polyadenylation when filtering out spurious polyadenylation sites. The algorithm outperformed the conventional internal priming filters based on comparison to direct RNA sequencing data. We also showed that the polyadenylation artifacts arise in cDNA sequencing at consecutive stretches of as few as three adenines. There was no substantial difference between the lengths of poly(A) tails at the artifactual and the true transcriptional end sites even though it is expected that internal priming artifacts have shorter poly(A) tails than genuine polyadenylated reads.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that template switching plays an important role in the generation of spurious polyadenylation and support the need for more rigorous filtering of artifactual polyadenylation sites in cDNA data, or that alternative polyadenylation should be annotated using native RNA sequencing.
Intra-abdominal infections: the role of different classifications on the selection of the best antibiotic treatment.
Authors: Nunes João Silva , Cardoso Teresa Maria Costa 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) represent a serious cause of morbimortality. A full classification, including all facets of IAIs, does not exist. Two classifications are used to subdivide IAIs: uncomplicated or complicated, considering infection extent; and community-acquired, healthcare-associated or hospital-acquired, regarding the place of acquisition. Inadequate antibiotic therapy is associated with treatment failure and increased mortality. This study was designed to determine accuracy of different classifications of IAIs to identify infections by pathogens sensitive to current treatment guidelines helping the selection of the best antibiotic therapy.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study including all adult patients discharged from hospital with a diagnosis of IAI between 1st of January and 31st of October 2016. All variables potentially associated with pre-defined outcomes: infection by a pathogen sensitive to non-pseudomonal cephalosporin or ciprofloxacin plus metronidazole (ATB 1, primary outcome), sensitive to piperacillin-tazobactam (ATB 2) and hospital mortality (secondary outcomes) were studied through logistic regression. Accuracy of the models was assessed by area under receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve and calibration was tested using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test.
Results: Of 1804 patients screened 154 met inclusion criteria. Sensitivity to ATB 1 was independently associated with male gender (adjusted OR=2.612) and previous invasive procedures in the last year (adjusted OR=0.424) (AUROC curve=0,65). Sensitivity to ATB 2 was independently associated with liver disease (adjusted OR=3.580) and post-operative infections (adjusted OR=2.944) (AUROC curve=0.604). Hospital mortality was independently associated with age≥70 (adjusted OR=4.677), solid tumour (adjusted OR=3.127) and sensitivity to non-pseudomonal cephalosporin or ciprofloxacin plus metronidazole (adjusted OR=0.368).
The accuracy of pre-existing classifications to identify infection by a pathogen sensitive to ATB 1 was 0.59 considering place of acquisition, 0.61 infection extent and 0.57 local of infection, for ATB 2 it was 0.66, 0.50 and 0.57, respectively.
Conclusion: None of existing classifications had a good discriminating power to identify IAIs caused by pathogens sensitive to current antibiotic treatment recommendations. A new classification, including patients’ individual characteristics like those included in the current model, might have a higher potential to distinguish IAIs by resistant pathogens allowing a better choice of empiric antibiotic therapy.
Keywords: intra-abdominal infections; classification; antibiotic therapy; hospital mortality.