bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Areca nut extract demonstrated apoptosis-inducing mechanism by increased caspase-3 activities on oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sari Liza Meutia , Subita Gus Permana , Auerkari Elza Ibrahim 
Published: October 2018

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a neoplasm of keratinocyte cells of oral mucosa epithelium that can potentially spread through lymphatic tissue or blood vessel. Although areca nut is one of the plants with a risk of inducing that cancer, areca nut is believed to have high antioxidant properties. Due to the current interest in the apoptosis effects from areca nut for oral cancer treatment, we investigated its ability to induce apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in oral cancer cell lines: HSC-2 and HSC-3. Methods: We examined the effect of areca nut on apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in HSC-2 and HSC-3 cells. Flow cytometry was conducted for the quantification of the cells that were apoptotic and expressing the caspase-3 enzyme for 24 and 48 hours. Results: Areca nut induced a significant increase (p<0.01) in late apoptosis of HSC-2 cells and mostly occurred over 48 hours. The study also found that in HSC-3, there were significant increases (p<0.01) the percentage of cells in early apoptosis after 24 hours and late apoptosis at 48 hours. Caspase-3 activity increased after 24 and 48 hours of areca nut exposure in both cells. Conclusions: The study showed that areca nut could be considered as a potential anticancer agent through its capability in inducing a caspase-dependent apoptosis.
Screening of protease, cellulase, amylase and xylanase from the salt-tolerant and thermostable marine Bacillus subtilis strain SR60
Authors: de Veras Bruno Oliveira , dos Santos Yago Queiroz , Diniz Katharina Marquez , Carelli Gabriela Silva Campos , dos Santos Elizeu Antunes 
Published: October 2018

Background: The marine environment harbours different microorganisms that inhabit niches with adverse conditions, such as temperature variation, pressure and salinity. To survive these particular conditions, marine bacteria use unique metabolic and biochemical features, producing enzymes that may have industrial value. Methods: The aim of this study was to observe the production of multiple thermoenzymes and haloenzymes, including protease, cellulase, amylase and xylanase, from bacterial strains isolated from coral reefs Cabo Branco, Paraiba State, Brazil. Strain SR60 was identified by the phylogenetic analysis to be Bacillus subtilis through a 16S ribosomal RNA assay. To screening of multiples enzymes B. subtilis SR60 was inoculated in differential media to elicit the production of extracellular enzymes with the addition of a range of salt concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 M NaCl). Results: The screening showed a capacity of production of halotolerant protease, cellulase, amylase and xylanase and thermostable by the isolate (identified as B. subtilis SR60). Protease, cellulase, amylase and xylanase production were limited to 1.5, 1.5, 1.0 and 1.25 M NaCl, respectively. Conclusions: Bacillus subtilis SR60 was shown in this study be capable of producing protease, cellulase, amylase and xylanase when submitted to a high salinity environment. These data demonstrate the halophytic nature of SR60 and its ability to produce multiples enzymes.
Ethical considerations in Controlled Human Malaria Infection studies in low resource settings: Experiences and perceptions of study participants in a malaria Challenge study in Kenya
Authors: Njue Maureen , Njuguna Patricia , Kapulu Melissa C. , Sanga Gladys , Bejon Philip , Marsh Vicki , Molyneux Sassy , Kamuya Dorcas 
Published: October 2018

Background: The range and amount of volunteer infection studies, known as Controlled Human Infection Model (CHMI) studies, in Low-Middle Income Countries (LMICs) is increasing with rapid technological advancement, world-class laboratory facilities and increasing capacity development initiatives. However, the ethical issues these studies present in LMICs have not been empirically studied. We present findings of a descriptive social science study nested within a malaria volunteer infection study, on-going at the time of writing, at the KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP) on the Kenyan Coast. Methods: The study included non-participant observations, five group discussions with more than half of the CHMI study participants, two in-depth interviews with study team members, and an exit questionnaire administered to the participants. Results: Participants understood the key elements of the study, including that they would be deliberately infected with malaria parasites and may get malaria as a result, there would be regular blood draws, and they would spend up to 24 days in a residence facility away from their homes. The greatest motivation for participation was the monetary compensation of 20 USD per overnight stay given as a lump-sum at the end of their residency stay. Also appreciated were the health screening tests prior to enrolment and the positive relations with the study team. Concerns raised included the amount and regularity of blood draws experienced, and concerns that this type of research may feed into on-going rumours about research generally. Conclusion: With the increasing range and number of CHMI studies being conducted in LMICs, current ethical guidance are inadequate. This study highlights some of the ethical issues that could emerge in these settings, emphasizing the heavy responsibility placed on research review and regulatory systems, researchers and funders, as well as the importance of carefully tailored community engagement and consent processes.
Health risk behavior among perinatally HIV exposed uninfected adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Ssewanyana Derrick , Mwangala Patrick N , Kachama Nyongesa Moses , van Baar Anneloes , Newton Charles R , Abubakar Amina 
Published: October 2018

Background: Perinatally HIV exposed uninfected (PHEU) adolescents are an increasing sub-population, especially in high HIV epidemic settings. HIV exposure may have some lasting implications for adolescents’ development, however, longer term health outcomes such as health risk behavior (HRB) are so far not well understood in this adolescent sub-population. Methods: In this systematic review, we identify the prevalent forms, burden, and underlying risk factors for HRB of PHEU adolescents. We searched in PubMed, PsycINFO and Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts for peer reviewed empirical studies published between 1980 and August 2018 on HRB among PHEU adolescents aged 10 – 19 years. Results: Eleven eligible studies, all conducted in North America were identified and they showed that sexual risk behavior such as lifetime unprotected sex increased drastically especially in mid-adolescence. PHEU adolescents’ substance use (especially alcohol and marijuana) was high and increased over time. In a significant minority (10-18%) substance use disorder was screened. Some intra and interpersonal risk factors such as caregiver and PHEU adolescents’ mental health problems, age and HIV status were shared across the two forms of HRB. However, other risk factors like race, gender and experience of traumatic life events were behavior specific. Conclusion: Overall, there is need to conduct similar research in other settings especially those with high HIV burden where the PHEU adolescent sub-population is rising. Future research in this area could benefit from examining more forms of HRB and exploring the clustering of HRB among PHEU adolescents.
Humanismo, anti-humanismo e educação popular. Pedagogia do Oprimido:50 anos
Authors: Brayner Flavio Henrique 
Published: October 2018

Paulo Freire elaborou, a partir dos anos 60, uma pedagogia de clara inspiração moderna, ainda fortemente aceita pelos educadores brasileiros, e centrou seus pressupostos nas categorias que constituíram o Humanismo clássico. Isto exige um reexame. Neste ensaio procuraremos analisar os pressupostos do ideário Humanista, as críticas que o anti-humanismo lhe dirige e tentar averiguar a incidência destas críticas sobre a pedagogia freireana. A pergunta que nos orienta nesta busca é: como sustentar uma pedagogia libertadora e humanista numa época em que o Humanismo está sob severo ataque intelectual, vendo nele a própria impossibilidade de realização da Humanitas de cada um de nós?
Cartografias e Narrativas de uma produção desejante com a EMEF EJA Admardo Serafim de Oliveira.
Authors: Clemente Ozilene Pereira , Louzada Ana Paula Figueiredo 
Published: October 2018

O artigo problematiza qual é a produção desejante que a EMEF EJA Admardo Serafim de Oliveira está construindo. Respondendo a tal questionamento foi desdobrado como a produção desejante está coengendrada a produção subjetiva na escola. E, também como a máquina capitalista captura a subjetividade, a qual provoca medo, falta e diminuição de potência de vida nos indivíduos. Nessa lógica, foi possível acompanhar e sentir como as máquinas desejantes da Escola Admardo lutam, desalinhando, desarranjando por meio de uma educação potente contra um plano desejante dominante de um desejo de poder, um desejo gregário que insiste em subjugar a vida, principalmente de jovens de classe social economicamente desfavorecida.
Resenha do livro: "Construindo Pontes: Paulo Freire entre saberes, projetos e continentes"
Authors: Ribeiro Rosana 
Published: October 2018

O livro é resultado da parceria entre professores da Faculdade de Formação de Professores da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ-FFP) e professores da Universidade Internacional da Integração Luso Afro-Brasileira do Ceará (UNILAB). A partir do encontro e intercâmbio entre os professores e grupos de pesquisa das Universidades, foi celebrado um convênio para construir ações conjuntas, tais como formação e capacitação de pessoal, publicações, criação de um núcleo interinstitucional sobre educação e movimentos sociais, dentre outras. O presente livro é uma produção decorrente da realização da I Jornada Paulo Freire, intitulada "Re-construindo Pontes", ocorrida entre os dias 21 e 23 de março de 2016, que publica, em forma de textos, os trabalhos e pesquisas apresentados na Jornada.
Preservice Teachers’ Transforming Perceptions of Science and Mathematics Teacher Knowledge
Authors: Peace Heather , Fuentes Sarah Quebec , Bloom Mark 
Published: October 2018

<p style="text-align:justify">Teacher Education Programs (TEPs) are intended to prepare students to become qualified professionals in the field of education. Yet, many preservice teachers (PSTs) have difficulty recognizing their new roles, not simply as students in the TEP, but as future educators. As PSTs progress through their coursework, field experiences, and student teaching, their perceptions of teacher knowledge evolves. Teacher educators may assist in positively influencing such transformation through reflective exercises, learning activities, and thoughtful discourse. The present research examines four classroom discussions centered on a mathematics and science activity. These discussions illustrate the changes in perspective with respect to mathematics and science teacher knowledge, among a cohort of elementary PSTs between the beginning and end of their first year in a TEP. <em> </em></p>
Call Me by My Name
Authors: Elliott Sarah 
Published: October 2018

Response to the ATR Debate Proposition: ‘It is important and necessary to make clear distinctions between (irregular) migrants, refugees and trafficked persons.’
The image of rubber dinghies densely packed with people floating precariously in the Mediterranean Sea has become a symbol of our times. Among those in peril are persons who may have fled conflict, others who have left poverty and many who have suffered exploitation en route. Upon arrival, states are obliged to meet their immediate needs and to determine for what reasons they came, thereby identifying their rights under international and domestic law.
‘What’s in a Name?’: Mislabelling, misidentification, and the US government’s failure to protect human trafficking survivors in the Central American refugee crisis
Authors: Soltis Katherine , Walters Rebecca 
Published: October 2018

This article explores how competing and overlapping legal classifications such as ‘victim of trafficking’, ‘smuggled migrant’, ‘illegal alien’, and ‘refugee’ play out in the United States (US) immigration system. In particular, it focuses on the repeated failure of US authorities to identify and protect survivors of human trafficking who were victimised by the smugglers they voluntarily employed in fleeing their home countries—a scenario that is becoming increasingly common in the midst of the Central American refugee crisis. The article draws upon the authors’ experience providing direct legal representation to Central American migrants in the US to discuss how misassumptions about this population, a misunderstanding of the relevant legal terminology, and the US government’s focus on border security negatively impact the conduct of law enforcement agencies and immigration adjudicators. Due in large part to the US government’s increased restrictions on, and criminalisation of, many forms of migration, survivors of human trafficking who are victimised by smugglers often find themselves classified as ‘illegal aliens’ or ‘criminal aliens’, and their legitimate claims for protection are frequently dismissed for the irrelevant fact that they initially consented to be smuggled. Such mistreatment and misidentification fail to hold perpetrators accountable, and to offer assistance to populations that the US government has pledged to defend.
Active Moss Biomonitoring of Trace Elements Air Pollution in Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Authors: Zinicovscaia Inga , Urošević Mira Aničić , Vergel Konstantin , Vieru Ecaterina , Frontasyeva Marina V. , Povar Igor , Duca Gheorghe 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
For the first time active moss biomonitoring was used to assess trace element deposition in the capital of the Republic of Moldova, Chisinau. Moss Sphagnum girgensohnii samples were exposed in bags at three sites of Chisinau from October, 2016 to March, 2017. The content of 30 elements: Na, Mg, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Mo, Sr, Sb, Ba, La, Ce, Cs, Hf, Th, Cu, Cd, Pb, and U in the exposed and unexposed mosses was determined by neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry. According to the relative accumulation factor, the most abundant elements in the samples were V, Cr, Fe, Ba, La, As, Sb, U, and Pb. Such elements as Cl, K, and Rb were depleted from the moss tissue during the time of exposure. Principal component analysis was used to identify and characterize different pollution sources. The obtained results indicate that the use of S. girgensohnii moss bags is a simple and inexpensive technique to monitor major and trace element content in the air of urban area.
Characteristics of Polymeric Ultrafiltration Membranes Produced with the Use of Graphene Oxide
Authors: Tomczak Elwira , Blus Martyna 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article describes a method for producing polymeric membranes by adding carbon nanostructures in the form of graphene oxide (GO). The reference membrane (having typical composition) was formed via phase inversion, using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) dissolved in dimethylacetamide (DMAC). The polymeric matrix was additionally enriched with a plasticizer, i.e. polyethylene glycol (PEG). Afterwards, graphene oxide ultrasonically dispersed in dimethylacetamide was added to basic matrix. The membranes were further compared with one another by measuring their contact angle and hydrodynamics. The results were compared with the literature reports. The transport properties of the membranes were assessed with experimental ultrafiltration equipment (KOCH Membrane System). Also, their permeate flux and mass transfer resistance were determined.
Synthesis of Fuzzy Controller for Cross-Flow Water Turbine
Authors: Ormandzhiev K. , Yordanov S. , Stoyanov S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The paper deals with a developed mathematical model describing the operation of automatic system for controlling of cross-flow water turbine in laboratory conditions. Fuzzy governor is synthesized and the transient processes in the system are compared toward these ones during utilization of classical PD controller. The results from numerical experiment are presented in graphical form.
Fundamental Property Shifts in MIMO V-Interconnected Systems for Control and Diagnostics
Authors: Tzanev A. T. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Theoretically inherent properties in the class of MIMO V-interconnected systems incline options for arising arbitrary shifts in their fundamental properties, thus demonstrating full-scale plant behaviors when running in a large process range. This curious effect leads to far more serious functional changes in the process properties from mere plant parameter variations. The phenomenon is commented occasionally by some authors in somewhat empirical forms, but nevertheless, it is not yet comprehensively examined in the light of the aggravating subsequences to the control efforts and the task of efficient process diagnostics to that class of plants.
A Digital Pressure Sensor in Soaring Vehicles and Gliders
Authors: Shamliev A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper describes a method for software optimization of digital sensor for vertical speed estimation applications. The system solution is based on Digital Signal Processing (DSP) algorithms discretized and adjusted for software implementation. Responsiveness, sensitivity and algorithm performance are considered. The presented method in this paper is tested in real flight conditions on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and piloted paraglider. A two widely used digital pressure sensors, manufactured by two leading sensor producers, are used in the experiments.
Guillain-Barré syndrome and Low back pain: two cases and literature review
Authors: Ding Xianjun , Jiang Hong , Hu Xingyue , Ren Hong , Cai Huaying 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Purpose. To describe the clinical, electrophysiological, and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of two cases of atypical Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Methods We reported two GBS variant cases with initial and prominent symptoms of low back pain. We analysed their clinical, electrophysiological, and lumbar MRI features. Results Two patients with GBS reported low back pain as the initial and prominent symptom, which was not accompanied by limb weakness. The electrophysiological study showed abnormal F-waves in the common peroneal and tibial nerves, and acute polyradiculoneuropathy in the cauda equina. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed albuminocytologic dissociation. Serum was positive for GQ1b-IgM antibodies. Lumbar MRI showed gadolinium enhancement of the nerve roots and cauda equina. A standard regime of intravenous immunoglobulin markedly alleviated the low back pain. Conclusions Low back pain caused by GBS should be differentiated from other diseases. This initial or early prominent symptom may delay the diagnosis of GBS; therefore, it is important to conduct a detailed electrophysiological, CSF, and gadolinium-enhanced lumbar MRI analysis.
Demethylation of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 151 Promoter Facilitates the Binding of Krüppel-Like Factor 5 and Enhances Neuropathic Pain after Nerve Injury in Mice
Authors: Jiang Bao-Chun , Zhang Wen-Wen , Yang Tian , Guo Chang-Yun , Cao De-Li , Zhang Zhi-Jun , Gao Yong-Jing 
Published: October 2018

G-protein-coupled receptors are considered to be cell-surface sensors of extracellular signals, thereby having a crucial role in signal transduction and being the most fruitful targets for drug discovery. G-protein-coupled receptor 151 (GPR151) was reported to be expressed specifically in the habenular area. Here we report the expression and the epigenetic regulation of GRP151 in the spinal cord after spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and the contribution of GPR151 to neuropathic pain in male mice. SNL dramatically increased GPR151 expression in spinal neurons.GPR151mutation or spinal inhibition by shRNA alleviated SNL-induced mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia. Interestingly, the CpG island in theGPR151gene promoter region was demethylated, the expression of DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) was decreased, and the binding of DNMT3b withGPR151promoter was reduced after SNL. Overexpression of DNMT3b in the spinal cord decreasedGPR151expression and attenuated SNL-induced neuropathic pain. Furthermore, Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), a transcriptional factor of the KLF family, was upregulated in spinal neurons, and the binding affinity of KLF5 withGPR151promoter was increased after SNL. Inhibition of KLF5 reducedGPR151expression and attenuated SNL-induced pain hypersensitivity. Further mRNA microarray analysis revealed that mutation ofGPR151reduced the expression of a variety of pain-related genes in response to SNL, especially mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-associated genes. This study reveals that GPR151, increased by DNA demethylation and the enhanced interaction with KLF5, contributes to the maintenance of neuropathic pain via increasing MAPK pathway-related gene expression.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTG-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are targets of various clinically approved drugs. Here we report that SNL increased GPR151 expression in the spinal cord, and mutation or inhibition of GPR151 alleviated SNL-induced neuropathic pain. In addition, SNL downregulated the expression of DNMT3b, which caused demethylation ofGPR151gene promoter, facilitated the binding of transcriptional factor KLF5 with theGPR151promoter, and further increased GPR151 expression in spinal neurons. The increased GPR151 may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain via activating MAPK signaling and increasing pain-related gene expression. Our study reveals an epigenetic mechanism underlying GPR151 expression and suggests that targeting GPR151 may offer a new strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Membrane Potential Correlates of Network Decorrelation and Improved SNR by Cholinergic Activation in the Somatosensory Cortex
Authors: Meir Inbal , Katz Yonatan , Lampl Ilan 
Published: October 2018

The nucleus basalis (NB) projects cholinergic axons to the cortex, where they play a major role in arousal, attention, and learning. Cholinergic inputs shift cortical dynamics from synchronous to asynchronous and improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of sensory responses. However, the underlying mechanisms of these changes remain unclear. Using simultaneous extracellular and whole-cell patch recordings in layer 4 of the mouse barrel cortex, we show that electrical or optogenetic activation of the cholinergic system has a differential effect on ongoing and sensory evoked activities. Cholinergic activation profoundly reduced the large spontaneous fluctuations in membrane potential and decorrelated ongoing activity. However, NB stimulation had no effect on the response to whisker stimulation or on signal correlations. These effects of cholinergic activation provide a unified explanation for the increased SNR of sensory response and for the reduction in noise correlations and explain the shift into the desynchronized cortical state, which are the hallmarks of arousal and attention.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAttention increases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of cortical sensory response, which may reflect either reduction in background firing rate or increased sensory response. Extracellular recordings showed that attention also reduces the correlation in network activity. These effects are partially mediated by cholinergic axons from the nucleus basalis projecting to the entire cortex. To reveal the cellular and synaptic correlates of these cholinergic effects, we performed simultaneous intracellular and LFP recordings in the somatosensory cortex. Global or local cholinergic activation increased the SNR of sensory response mainly by reducing the rate and amplitude of background synaptic activity and also reduced network correlations. Therefore, coding of sensory information is enhanced by the cholinergic system mainly due to a reduction in spontaneous activity.