bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Administration of enrofloxacin during late pregnancy failed to induce lesions in the resulting newborn foals
Authors: Ellerbrock R. E. , Canisso I. F. , Roady P. J. , Litsky A. , Durgam S. , Podico G. , Li Z. , Lima F. S. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundA recent study demonstrated that enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin cross the equine placenta without causing gross cartilage or tendon lesions in the 9‐month fetus; however, long‐term effects of in utero fluoroquinolone exposure remain unknown.ObjectivesTo assess effects of fetal exposure to enrofloxacin on the resulting foal's cartilage and tendon strength.Study design and methodsHealthy mares at 280 days’ gestation were allocated into four groups: untreated (n = 5), therapeutic treatment (7.5 mg/kg enrofloxacin, PO × 14 days, n = 6), supratherapeutic treatment (15 mg/kg, PO × 14 days, n = 6) and no mare treatment with treatment of the foals post‐partum (n = 2). Mares were allowed to carry pregnancy to term, and foals were maintained on pasture for 5 weeks. After that foals were euthanized, and their articular cartilage and extensor and flexor tendons were examined macroscopically and histologically for lesions. Tendon strength was tested by loading until failure.ResultsAdministration of enrofloxacin at recommended doses in late gestation did not result in cartilaginous lesions or clinical lameness in any foal by 5 weeks old. Tensile strength was greater in hind tendons than front tendons, but no difference was found between foals born from treated and control mares. Expectedly, osteochondral changes were present both in foals born from enrofloxacin‐treated mares and in negative control foals with no apparent association with fluoroquinolone treatment during pregnancy.Main limitationsOnly one time point in gestation was evaluated, and mares treated in the study were healthy at time of treatment. Additionally, it is possible that the assessments performed herein were not sensitive enough to detect subtle or functional changes in the articular cartilage. Further studies are needed to determine if enrofloxacin administration during late pregnancy potentiates osteochondral alterations in the first year of life.ConclusionsWhile this study did not assess other stages of gestation or long‐term foal outcomes, short‐term administration of enrofloxacin to late gestation mares did not result in macroscopic or microscopic lesions in the resulting foals by 5 weeks of age.
Modelling of crack propagation in rocks under SHPB impacts using a damage method
Authors: Wang Meng , Wang Fei , Zhu Zheming , Dong Yuqing , Mousavi Nezhad Mohaddeseh , Zhou Lei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRock dynamic fracture is a complex problem and has received considerable attention during the last few decades. In this paper, tensile crack softening failure criterion is used to study impact‐induced crack initiation and propagation in rocks. In order to examine applicability of the criterion, under realistic loading and boundary conditions, three boundary conditions were analyzed in details and an impacting experiment using single cleavage semicircle compression (SCSC) specimens had been successfully simulated. A good agreement was achieved between the simulation and experimental results. It was concluded that the boundary conditions play an important role in rock dynamic fracturing. When a stress wave propagates from a material with low wave impedance to a material of high wave impedance, the compression wave is partially reflected back and the process of fast cracking is suppressed. In addition, with the change of the tensile strength and the fracture energy, the crack initiation modes can be divided into four types.
Fatigue analysis of ductile and brittle behaving steels under variable amplitude multiaxial loading
Authors: Sharifimehr Shahriar , Fatemi Ali 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe analysis of fatigue behavior under multiaxial variable amplitude stress states, despite its wide applicability, has not been fully studied. Issues such as varying degrees of nonproportionality of the load history, cycle counting, damage accumulation, failure behavior of the material, and mean stress fluctuations which can significantly affect the results of these analyses have not been well understood. In this study, a methodology for the analysis of fatigue behavior under multiaxial variable amplitude loading conditions is employed which accounts for the aforementioned issues. At its core, the applied methodology uses critical plane analysis based on the failure behavior of each material to assess the fatigue damage. In order to evaluate the performance of the analysis method, axial, torsional, and combined axial‐torsional variable amplitude tests were performed on one ductile and one brittle behaving steel. The applied methodology resulted in close estimation of the experimental fatigue life for both ductile and brittle behaving steels.
Cr isotopic insights into ca. 1.9 Ga oxidative weathering of the continents using the Beaverlodge Lake paleosol, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Toma Jonathan , Holmden Chris , Shakotko Paul , Pan Yuanming , Ootes Luke 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe ca. 1.9 Ga Beaverlodge Lake paleosol was studied using redox‐sensitive Cr isotopes in order to determine the isotopic response to paleoweathering of a rhyodacite parent rock 500 million years after the Great Oxidation Event. Redox reactions occurring in modern weathering environments produce Cr(VI) that is enriched in heavy Cr isotopes compared to the igneous inventory. Cr(VI) species are soluble and easily leached from soils into streams and rivers, thus, leaving particle‐reactive and isotopically light Cr(III) species to build up in soils. The Beaverlodge Lake paleosol and two other published weathering profiles of similar age, the Flin Flon and Schreiber Beach paleosols, are not as isotopically light as modern soils, indicating that rivers were not as isotopically heavy at that time. Considering that the global average δ53Cr value for the oxidative weathering flux of Cr to the oceans today is just 0.27 ± 0.30‰ (1σ) based on a steady‐state analysis of the modern ocean Cr cycle, the oxidative weathering flux of Cr to the oceans at ca. 1.9 Ga would have likely been shifted to lower δ53Cr values, and possibly lower than the igneous inventory (–0.12 ± 0.10‰, 2σ). Mn oxides are the main oxidant of Cr(III) in modern soils, but there is no evidence that they formed in the studied paleosols. Cr(VI) may have formed by direct oxidation of Cr(III) using molecular oxygen or H2O2, but neither pathway is as efficient as Mn oxides for producing Cr(VI). The picture that emerges from this and other studies of Cr isotope variation in ca. 1.9 Ga paleosols is of atmospheric oxygen concentrations that are high enough to oxidize iron, but too low to oxidize Mn, resulting in low Cr(VI) inventories in Earth surface environments.
Traceability in global governance
Authors: MUIRHEAD JACOB , PORTER TONY 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn increasingly important challenge in global governance, which in some issue areas has been labelled ‘traceability’, has been to track the cross‐border travels of objects that are associated with positive or negative effects. However, the common properties and identifiable patterns of variation of traceability across issue areas or industries have been insufficiently explored. We identify key properties of traceability systems, including the variation and interactions between the physical properties of the traced object, the positive or negative effects with which it is associated, the monitoring technology, and the institutionalized power relations that activate and constrain traceability systems. We examine and compare traceability systems for food safety, conflict minerals, pharmaceuticals, carbon emissions, money laundering and financial transactions. Understanding traceability in this way is important not only for these cases, but also for understanding interactions between objects, infrastructures, as well as monitoring and political mechanisms in global governance more generally.
Predictive factors of anemia during sofosbuvir and ribavirin therapy for genotype 2 chronic hepatitis C patients
Authors: Urabe Ayako , Sakamori Ryotaro , Tahata Yuki , Yamada Ryoko , Imai Yasuharu , Hagiwara Hideki , Tamura Shinji , Fukui Hiroyuki , Yamada Yukinori , Kaneko Akira , Hijioka Taizo , Kodama Takahiro , Hikita Hayato , Tatsumi Tomohide , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: April 2019

AimSofosbuvir (SOF) and ribavirin (RBV) combination therapy has improved the sustained virologic response (SVR) rate and shortened the treatment duration for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2 infection. Ribavirin‐induced hemolytic anemia is one of the most troublesome side‐effects of SOF/RBV therapy; however, factors associated with this condition have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to identify a safer way to complete treatment with SOF/RBV therapy by examining factors related to RBV‐induced hemolytic anemia and identifying patients who did not develop anemia.MethodsTwo hundred and one patients with genotype 2 chronic hepatitis C treated with SOF/RBV therapy were studied. Significant factors associated with the decline in hemoglobin (Hb) levels from the baseline were analyzed.ResultsThe SVR rate was 96.5% (194 out of 201 patients) based on intent‐to‐treat analysis. In multivariate analysis, inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) gene variation (P < 0.0001) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (0.001) were significantly associated with a decrease in Hb levels less than 2 g/dL. All patients were divided into four groups by ITPA and eGFR at baseline, and we identified patients with ITPA CA/AA and eGFR >75 as a group that did not develop anemia.ConclusionsThe results presented here suggest that patients with ITPA CA/AA and eGFR >75 had no reduction in Hb levels during the treatment with SOF/RBV in HCV genotype 2‐infected patients. Adding RBV to direct‐acting antiviral therapy might not be problematic in certain patients, at least in terms of the occurrence of anemia.
The characteristics of internet‐based venue sex‐seeking and mobility among money boys in Tianjin, China
Authors: Guo C , Yu M , Deng X , Gong H , Li Y , Li C , Liu Y , Guo M , Gong X , Feng S , Xu J , Li Z , Gao Y , Yang J , Cui Z , Ma J 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesInternet‐based venue sex‐seeking is prevalent among money boys (MBs), as is a high degree of mobility, which is crucial for HIV transmission in key populations with high risks of HIV infection. However, correlation studies in MBs are scarce because of the secretive nature of this hard‐to‐reach subpopulation. We conducted this project to explore the characteristics of MBs.MethodsThis survey was conducted from December 2014 to June 2015 in Tianjin; a total of 330 MBs were recruited by convenience sampling. Demographic and behavioural data were collected for analysis.ResultsAmong the investigated MBs, 38 (11.52%) were HIV positive, 147 (44.55%) reported using internet‐based venues to seek sexual partners and 257 (77.88%) had travelled to two or more destinations in the past 6 months. Compared with non‐internet‐based venue‐using MBs, internet‐based venue‐using MBs were more likely to have part‐time employment as MBs, to have a longer duration of working in the sex trade, to engage in finger intercourse and to present a history of substance abuse and sexually transmitted infections. However, internet‐based venue‐using MBs were less likely to exhibit consistent condom usage and undergo HIV testing. Origin of residence data showed that most MBs were from northern China, with Tianjin, Beijing and Shanghai as the main travel destinations. Mobile MBs were characterized as a group who were fully engaged in the sex trade and frequently took part in sexual activities but had a weak sense of self‐protection.ConclusionsInternet‐based venue sex‐seeking and mobility are prevalent in MBs. Renewed efforts in internet‐based health promotion and school‐based primary health examination programmes may benefit more mobile and/or internet‐based venue sex‐seeking MBs.
Diet in hidradenitis suppurativa: a review of published and lay literature
Authors: Silfvast‐Kaiser Annika , Youssef Ronnie , Paek So Yeon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurring, inflammatory skin disorder resulting in skin abscesses and sinus tracts of the skin folds. Hidradenitis suppurativa remains a disease with limited treatment options. Management of disease activity with dietary modification has been of considerable interest to the HS patient community. Limited evidence exists to support dietary changes for treatment of HS. Strategies such as eliminating dairy products, limiting simple carbohydrate and sugar intake, and avoiding nightshades (Solanaceae) and foods containing brewer's yeast have been reported to be helpful in some patients. Several supplements have also been touted as beneficial. Herein, we review the existing dietary recommendations in both peer‐reviewed and lay literature in an attempt to consolidate and evaluate existing information, while stimulating further inquiry into the role of diet in HS. Although dietary modifications are often of considerable interest to HS patients, there is a paucity of data regarding diet as it relates to HS. It is unclear whether diet may prove to be of value in limiting the severity of HS. Further research is needed to determine the potential benefits of these dietary changes.
Dental anxiety in schoolchildren with molar incisor hypomineralization—A population‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Menoncin Bruna Letícia Vessoni , Portella Paula Dresch , Ramos Bruna Luiza Maximo , Assunção Luciana Reichert da Silva , de Souza Juliana Feltrin , Menezes José Vitor Nogara Borges 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying patients with high levels of DA helps to define the most adequate oral healthcare strategy, especially for pediatric patients.AimTo investigate the association between parental reports of dental anxiety (DA) and molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in schoolchildren.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted in a representative sample of 731 8‐year‐old schoolchildren from the city of Curitiba, Brazil, who were clinically examined (k ≥ 0.75) for the diagnosis of MIH and dental caries using the EAPD criteria and dmft/DMFT index, respectively. Parents/guardians reported children's DA using the Dental Anxiety Question (DAQ) and answered a self‐administered structured questionnaire addressing socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Associations were evaluated using Poisson regression analysis with robust variance (P < 0.05).ResultsA significant association was found between DA and MIH (PR = 1.20; 95%CI: 1.01‐1.42;P = 0.038), but this association lost its significance when adjusted for the other characteristics (PR = 1.13; 95%CI: 0.93‐1.38;P = 0.215). Caries experience in primary teeth was associated with lower levels of DA (PR = 0.83; 95%CI: 0.71‐0.96;P = 0.0013). The most recent visit to the dentist due to pain increased the levels of DA (PR = 1.18; 95%CI: 1.07‐1.30;P = 0.001).ConclusionsThe presence of MIH in schoolchildren was not associated with parental reports of DA.
Divergence before and after the isolation of islands: Phylogeography of the Bradybaena land snails on the Ryukyu Islands of Japan
Authors: Hirano Takahiro , Kameda Yuichi , Saito Takumi , Chiba Satoshi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimVicariance events have been proposed as a major source of lineage divergence on continental islands, whereas dispersal events followed by isolation have been proposed as the major cause on oceanic islands. However, organisms on continental islands may include taxa with characteristics similar to those on oceanic islands. Lineage divergence unassociated with the geological events that separated islands may also have occurred. This study addresses these possibilities through morphological and molecular phylogeographic analyses of land snails (Bradybaena) on continental islands.LocationSamples were mainly collected on the Ryukyu and Izu Islands in Japan.MethodsMolecular phylogenetic analyses using mtDNA (16S rRNA+COI) and nDNA (18S rRNA+ITS1+5.8S rRNA+ITS2+28S rRNA) were conducted for 225 individuals comprising B. circulus, B. phaeogramma and four of its subspecies endemic to the Ryukyu Islands. Shell and genital morphologies were also examined using qualitative and statistical methods.ResultsThe Bradybaena populations examined were phylogenetically classified into six major clades whose divergence occurred during either Miocene‐Pliocene or Pliocene‐Pleistocene. Although phylogeographic patterns estimated on the basis of the 16S rRNA gene support the vicariance hypothesis for the origin of the major clades of Bradybaena, the phylogeographic patterns estimated by COI showed that these major clades resulted from diversification before the archipelagos separated from the continent. Both of these phylogeographic patterns suggest that genetic divergence occurred by dispersal from the southern to northern islands after divergence of major clades. The inferred phylogenies document parallel morphological evolution, yielding phylogenetic, morphological and taxonomic incongruences that created mosaic geographical patterns in the distribution of nominal taxa.Main conclusionsLineage diversification in endemic species on continental islands can occur before archipelago separation or subsequently via dispersal, as is seen in species on oceanic islands. Mechanisms other than vicariance should also be considered when estimating processes that created geographical patterns of genetic variations on continental islands.
Audio peer feedback to promote deep learning in online education
Authors: Filius Renée M. , de Kleijn Renske A.M. , Uijl Sabine G. , Prins Frans J. , van Rijen Harold V.M. , Grobbee Diederick E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe investigated the relation between providing and receiving audio peer feedback with a deep approach to learning within online education. Online students were asked to complete peer feedback assignments. Data through a questionnaire with 108 respondents and 14 interviews were used to measure to what extent deep learning was perceived and why. Results support the view that both providing and receiving audio peer feedback indeed promote deep learning. As a consequence of the peer feedback method, the following student mechanisms were triggered: “feeling personally committed,” “probing back and forth,” and “understanding one's own learning process.” Particularly important for both providing and receiving feedback is feeling personally committed. Results also show that mechanisms were a stronger predictor for deep learning when providing than when receiving. Given the context in which instructors face an increasing number of students and a high workload, students may be supported by online audio peer feedback as a method to choose a deep approach to learning.
Progesterone pretreatment reduces the incidence of drug‐induced torsades de pointes in atrioventricular node‐ablated isolated perfused rabbit hearts
Authors: Tisdale James E. , Jaynes Heather A. , Overholser Brian R. , Sowinski Kevin M. , Kovacs Richard J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionHigher progesterone concentrations are protective against drug‐induced prolongation of ventricular repolarization. We tested the hypothesis that pretreatment with progesterone reduces the incidence of drug‐induced torsades de pointes (TdP).Methods and ResultsFemale New Zealand white rabbits (2.5‐3.2 kg) underwent ovariectomy and were randomized to undergo implantation with subcutaneous 21‐day sustained release pellets containing progesterone 50 mg (n = 22) or placebo (n = 23). After 20 days, hearts were excised, mounted, and perfused with modified Krebs‐Henseleit solution. The atrioventricular (AV) node was destroyed manually. Following a 15‐minute equilibration period, hearts were perfused with dofetilide 100 nM for 30 minutes, during which the electrocardiogram was recorded continuously. Incidences of spontaneous TdP, other ventricular arrhythmias and mean QTc intervals were compared. Median serum progesterone concentrations were higher in progesterone vs placebo‐treated rabbits (3.8 [range, 2.8‐5.1] vs 0.7 [0.4‐1.7] ng/mL, P < 0.0001). Median serum estradiol concentrations were similar (58 [22‐72] vs 53 [34‐62] pg/mL), P = 0.79). The incidence of TdP was lower in hearts from progesterone‐treated rabbits (27% vs 61%, P = 0.049). The incidences of bigeminy (36% vs 74%, P = 0.03) and trigeminy (18% vs 57%, P = 0.01) were also lower in hearts from progesterone‐treated rabbits. There was no significant difference between groups in incidence of couplets (59% vs 74%, P = 0.54) or monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (14% vs 30%, P = 0.28). Maximum QT
c interval and short‐term beat‐to‐beat QT interval variability during dofetilide perfusion were significantly shorter in hearts from progesterone‐treated rabbits.ConclusionsPretreatment with progesterone reduces the incidence of drug‐induced TdP, bigeminy, and trigeminy in isolated perfused AV node‐ablated rabbit hearts.
Frequency of isolated cutaneous involvement in adult mastocytosis: a cohort study
Authors: Fradet M. , Negretto M. , Tournier E. , Laurent C. , Apoil P.A. , Evrard S. , Degboe Y. , Del Mas V. , Lamant L. , Dubreuil P. , Laroche M. , Mailhol C. , Hermine O. , Paul C. , Bulai Livideanu C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundMastocytosis is characterized by the accumulation/proliferation of abnormal mast cells. The frequency of isolated cutaneous involvement in adults with mastocytosis has not been fully determined. The main objective of our study was to assess the frequency of isolated cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) in adults with mastocytosis skin lesions. The second objective was to compare the clinical, histological, biological and imaging features in patients with isolated CM and patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM).MethodsWe included all patients with histology‐proven mastocytosis skin lesions between January 2009 and December 2017. The mastocytosis diagnosis was made according to the international diagnostic criteria. All data were collected from a dedicated specific case report.ResultsAmong 160 patients with mastocytosis skin lesions, 25 patients had isolated CM (15.6%), 105 had SM and 30 (18.7%) patients had undetermined mastocytosis. Skin KIT mutation (OR: 51.9, 95% CI: 3.9–678, P = 0.001) and high bone marrow tryptase (OR: 97.4, 95% CI: 10.3–915, P = 0.001) were strong predictors of SM. The prevalence of osteoporosis was higher in the SM population than in the isolated CM population. Moreover, a decrease in bone mineral density over a short period of follow‐up (1–2 years) was associated with SM. There were no differences between the two groups regarding the frequency of mast cell activation symptoms, the presentation of skin lesions, the number of mast cells in the dermis and the level of serum tryptase. We propose considering the KIT mutation status and bone marrow tryptase levels to aid the diagnosis of isolated CM in adult mastocytosis patients.ConclusionOnly a small minority of adults with mastocytosis skin lesions has isolated cutaneous involvement. In 18.7% of mastocytosis cases, even complete workup does not allow for a precise classification of patients.