bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptoms among emerging adults with inflammatory bowel disease: a descriptive study
Authors: Kamp Kendra , Dudley‐Brown Sharon , Heitkemper Margaret , Wyatt Gwen , Given Barbara 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIndividuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are commonly diagnosed when they are between the ages of 18–29, a developmental period known as emerging adulthood. Typically, emerging adults are subsumed into the category of adults even though emerging adults have unique developmental needs. In this descriptive study of IBD in emerging adults, the aims were to (a) determine the prevalence of symptoms; (b) describe the severity of symptoms and their interference with daily activities; and (c) examine the association between individual symptom severity and presence of fatigue. Emerging adults with IBD were recruited using web‐based convenience sampling. Sixty‐one individuals met the inclusion criteria. They had a mean age of 24.7 and a disease duration of 6.4 years. The most prevalent symptoms reported were: fatigue (n = 44, 72.1%), abdominal cramps (n = 39, 63.9%), abdominal pain (n = 39, 63.9%), and diarrhea (n = 38, 62.3%). The symptom with the greatest severity and interference with daily activities was fatigue. Abdominal cramps, abdominal pain, diarrhea, passing gas, and abdominal tenderness were associated with fatigue when controlling for age, emerging adulthood, gender, time since diagnosis, and current steroid use. Among emerging adults with IBD, fatigue is the most prevalent symptom and is the symptom with the greatest severity and interference with daily activities. These results suggest a need for interventions aimed at reducing both fatigue and gastrointestinal symptoms among emerging adults with IBD.
Sequential multiple assignment randomization trial designs for nursing research
Authors: Doorenbos Ardith Z. , Haozous Emily A. , Jang Min Kyeong , Langford Dale 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith mounting pressure to move toward precision health care and implementation science, nurse researchers are faced with the challenge of producing evidence that their interventions are applicable in real‐world clinical settings. Pragmatic clinical trials are critically important to generate evidence that is relevant to clinical practice. Pragmatic designs closely replicate true‐to‐life settings thereby expediting research translation and improving health outcomes. The Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) is a valuable a pragmatic trial design that is receiving greater attention in nursing. SMART designs can be used to provide relevant clinical evidence by comparative evaluation of two or more alternative interventions. The objectives of this article are to provide: (a) A description of the main considerations and key components of SMART designs, and (b) a summary of three different nursing studies using SMART designs. Information provided by pragmatic nursing trials using SMART designs, which more closely mirror clinical practice, will facilitate evidence‐based clinical practice.
Metal Nano Networks by Potential‐Controlled In Situ Assembling of Gold/Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Köhler J. Michael , Kluitmann Jonas , Knauer Andrea 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNon‐spherical Au/Ag nanoparticles can be generated by chemical reduction of silver ions in the presence of preformed gold nanoparticles. The process of particle formation can be controlled by concentrations of ligands and reducing agent. The formation of ellipsoidal, nanorod‐ and peanut‐shaped nanoparticles as well as of more complex fractal nanoassemblies can be explained by changes in particle surface state, electrochemical potential formation and particle‐internal self‐polarization effects. It is possible to create highly fractal nanoassemblies with sizes between the mid‐nanometer and the lower micrometer range. The assemblies are marked by high optical absorption and complex nano‐networks of very high surface‐to‐volume ratios and a granular base structure.
Modification of Kraft Lignin with Dodecyl Glycidyl Ether
Authors: Alwadani Norah S. , Fatehi Pedram 
Published: October 2019

AbstractKraft lignin (KL) is extensively produced in industry but is mainly burned as fuel. To broaden its use, KL was grafted with dodecyl glycidyl ether to alter its thermal properties. The reaction of KL with dodecyl glycidyl ether (DGE) was analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and elemental analysis. Alternatively, KL was methylated to mask its phenolic hydroxy groups to investigate how phenolic hydroxy groups impact the grafting of the alkyl chain of DGE onto lignin (methylated Kraft lignin, MKL). The methylation facilitated the molecular weight enhancement and thermal stability reduction of Kraft lignin via grafting with DGE. The influence of grafting alkyl chains on the structural and thermal properties of KL and MKL was studied using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Our data suggest that, due to their high molecular weights and lower glass transition temperatures, the produced lignin derivatives may be promising feedstocks for composite production.
Let Them Eat Lunch: The Impact of Universal Free Meals on Student Performance
Authors: Schwartz Amy Ellen , Rothbart Michah W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of extending free school lunch to all students, regardless of income, on academic performance in New York City middle schools. Using a difference‐in‐differences design and unique longitudinal, student‐level data, we derive credibly causal estimates of the impacts of “Universal Free Meals” (UFM) on test scores in English Language Arts (ELA) and mathematics, and participation in school lunch. We find UFM increases academic performance by as much as 0.083 standard deviations in math and 0.059 in ELA for non‐poor students, with smaller, statistically significant effects of 0.032 and 0.027 standard deviations in math and ELA for poor students. Further, UFM increases participation in school lunch by roughly 11.0 percentage points for non‐poor students and 5.4 percentage points for poor students. We then investigate the academic effects of school lunch participation per se, using UFM as an instrumental variable. Results indicate that increases in school lunch participation improve academic performance for both poor and non‐poor students; an additional lunch every two weeks increases test scores by roughly 0.08 standard deviations in math and 0.07 standard deviations in ELA. Finally, we explore potential unintended consequences for student weight outcomes, finding no evidence that UFM increases the probability that students are obese or overweight. We also find no evidence of increases in average body mass index (BMI). Instead, we find some evidence that participation in school lunch improves weight outcomes for non‐poor students. Results are robust to an array of alternative specifications and assumptions about the sample.
Root ABA and H+‐ATPase are key players in the root and shoot growth‐promoting action of humic acids
Authors: Olaetxea Maite , Mora Verónica , Bacaicoa Eva , Baigorri Roberto , Garnica Maria , Fuentes Marta , Zamarreño Angel Maria , Spíchal Lukáš , García‐Mina José María 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough the ability of humic (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) to improve plant growth has been demonstrated, knowledge about the mechanisms responsible for the direct effects of HA and FA on the promotion of plant growth is scarce and fragmentary. Our study investigated the causal role of both root PM H+‐ATPase activity and ABA in the SHA‐promoting action on both root and shoot growth. The involvement of these processes in the regulation of shoot cytokinin concentration and activity was also studied. Our aim was to integrate such plant responses for providing new insights to the current model on the mode of action of HA for promoting root and shoot growth. Experiments employing specific inhibitors and using Cucumis sativus L. plants show that both the root PM H+‐ATPase activity and root ABA play a crucial role in the root growth‐promoting action of SHA. With regard to the HA‐promoting effects on shoot growth, two pathways of events triggered by the interaction of SHA with plant roots are essential for the increase in root PM H+‐ATPase activity—which also mediates an increase in cytokinin concentration and action in the shoot—and the ABA‐mediated increase in hydraulic conductivity (Lpr).
Occupational and Physical Therapy Activities and Level of Effort in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: Association With Functional Outcomes
Authors: Zarshenas Sareh , Colantonio Angela , Horn Susan D. , Jaglal Susan , Jacob Binu , Cullen Nora 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundAlthough some attention has been given to the association of functional outcomes with rehabilitation intensity, the evidence is still sparse in this field.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of inpatient rehabilitation (IR) on discharge cognitive and motor function and the association of time spent in occupational and physical therapy and level of effort with cognitive and motor function in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).DesignSecondary analysis of TBI‐Practice Based Evidence dataset.SettingsInpatient rehabilitation.ParticipantsOne hundred forty‐nine patients with TBI who were consecutively admitted for IR between 2008 and 2011 in Ontario, Canada.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasurementsAdmission and discharge Functional Independence Measure‐Rasch Cognitive and Motor Scores.ResultsPatients showed significant improvement in cognitive and motor function from admission to discharge (P < .0001). After controlling for confounding factors, discharge FIM‐Rasch cognitive and motor scores were not associated with either level of effort or time spent in physical therapy activities. Discharge motor, but not cognitive function, was associated with more time spent in the complex (β = 0.20, confidence interval [CI] 0.005, 0.05) and less time spent in simple OT activities (β = −0.13, CI −0.13, −0.01).ConclusionThis study provides valuable information for clinicians about the effectiveness of IR on the improvement of motor and cognitive outcomes and the importance of considering the amount of time spent in activities based on their level of complexity rather than the total time of therapy to improve motor outcomes in this population.Level of EvidenceIII
Development of a multigenerational digital lifestyle intervention for women cancer survivors and their families
Authors: St. George Sara M. , Noriega Esquives Blanca , Agosto Yaray , Kobayashi Marissa , Leite Rafael , Vanegas Dario , Perez Alejandra T. , Calfa Carmen , Schlumbrecht Matthew , Slingerland Joyce , Penedo Frank J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis paper presents the results of a study developed to inform the design of a multigenerational digital lifestyle intervention for overweight/obese women cancer survivors and their families. We followed the first six phases of the Integrate, Design, Assess, and Share (IDEAS) framework.MethodsGrandmothers with breast, endometrial, or ovarian cancers (n = 46; 66.1 ± 0.9 years old; 34% Hispanic, 33% non‐Hispanic black, 33% non‐Hispanic white) self‐reported their lifestyle behaviors, family structure, mobile device use, and interest in a family‐based lifestyle intervention. A randomly selected subset of 21 participants subsequently completed qualitative interviews to understand their family relationships, weight‐related challenges, and feedback on intervention prototypes.ResultsParticipants reported low fruit intake (0.9 ± 0.1 servings/day), moderate vegetable intake (3.0 ± 0.2 servings/day), and high levels of moderate physical activity (990 ± 234 MET‐minutes/week). The majority owned a smartphone (93%) and expressed interest in family‐based programs (80%) that focused on weight management (91%). Qualitative data were collapsed into seven intervention considerations, including: capitalizing on existing familial support, involving local family who need lifestyle change, tapping into survivors' internal strengths, validating prior weight loss, overcoming barriers to sustained lifestyle change, providing information on cancer risk, and motivating families through reinforcing activities.ConclusionsFollowing the IDEAS framework, our next steps are to develop a fully‐functioning prototype and conduct a randomized pilot trial to test the feasibility and effects of a digital intervention that empowers racially/ethnically diverse overweight/obese women cancer survivors to improve their physical activity and dietary intake and to lose weight by encouraging healthy lifestyle behaviors in their children and grandchildren.
Internet‐delivered mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nissen Eva Rames , O'Connor Maja , Kaldo Viktor , Højris Inger , Borre Michael , Zachariae Robert , Mehlsen Mimi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveInternet‐delivered interventions may alleviate distress in cancer survivors with limited access to psychological face‐to‐face treatment. In collaboration with a group of cancer survivors, we developed and tested the efficacy of a therapist‐assisted internet‐delivered mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (iMBCT) program for anxiety and depression in cancer survivors.MethodsA total of 1282 cancer survivors were screened for anxiety and depression during their routine oncology follow‐up; eligible breast (n = 137) and prostate cancer (n = 13) survivors were randomized to iMBCT or care‐as‐usual (CAU) wait‐list. Primary outcomes of anxiety and depression were assessed at baseline, 5 weeks, 10 weeks (post intervention), and 6 months.ResultsSignificant effects were found for both anxiety (Cohen's d = 0.45; P = .017) and depressive symptoms (d = 0.42; P = .024) post intervention. The effects were maintained at follow‐up for anxiety (d = 0.40; P = .029), but not for depressive symptoms (d = 0.28; P = .131).ConclusionsOur preliminary findings suggest iMBCT to be a helpful intervention for cancer survivors suffering from symptoms of anxiety. Further studies on the efficacy for symptoms of depression are needed.
Cryo‐EM map interpretation and protein model‐building using iterative map segmentation
Authors: Terwilliger Thomas C. , Adams Paul D. , Afonine Pavel V. , Sobolev Oleg V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA procedure for building protein chains into maps produced by single‐particle electron cryo‐microscopy (cryo‐EM) is described. The procedure is similar to the way an experienced structural biologist might analyze a map, focusing first on secondary structure elements such as helices and sheets, then varying the contour level to identify connections between these elements. Since the high density in a map typically follows the main‐chain of the protein, the main‐chain connection between secondary structure elements can often be identified as the unbranched path between them with the highest minimum value along the path. This chain‐tracing procedure is then combined with finding side‐chain positions based on the presence of density extending away from the main path of the chain, allowing generation of a Cα model. The Cα model is converted to an all‐atom model and is refined against the map. We show that this procedure is as effective as other existing methods for interpretation of cryo‐EM maps and that it is considerably faster and produces models with fewer chain breaks than our previous methods that were based on approaches developed for crystallographic maps.
Stairway to translocation: AAA+ motor structures reveal the mechanisms of ATP‐dependent substrate translocation
Authors: Gates Stephanie N. , Martin Andreas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTranslocases of the AAA+ (ATPases Associated with various cellular Activities) family are powerful molecular machines that use the mechano‐chemical coupling of ATP hydrolysis and conformational changes to thread DNA or protein substrates through their central channel for many important biological processes. These motors comprise hexameric rings of ATPase subunits, in which highly conserved nucleotide‐binding domains form active‐site pockets near the subunit interfaces and aromatic pore‐loop residues extend into the central channel for substrate binding and mechanical pulling. Over the past 2 years, 41 cryo‐EM structures have been solved for substrate‐bound AAA+ translocases that revealed spiral‐staircase arrangements of pore‐loop residues surrounding substrate polypeptides and indicating a conserved hand‐over‐hand mechanism for translocation. The subunits' vertical positions within the spiral arrangements appear to be correlated with their nucleotide states, progressing from ATP‐bound at the top to ADP or apo states at the bottom. Studies describing multiple conformations for a particular motor illustrate the potential coupling between ATP‐hydrolysis steps and subunit movements to propel the substrate. Experiments with double‐ring, Type II AAA+ motors revealed an offset of hydrolysis steps between the two ATPase domains of individual subunits, and the upper ATPase domains lacking aromatic pore loops frequently form planar rings. This review summarizes the critical advances provided by recent studies to our structural and functional understanding of hexameric AAA+ translocases, as well as the important outstanding questions regarding the underlying mechanisms for coordinated ATP‐hydrolysis and mechano‐chemical coupling.
Identification and characterization of new mutations in mitochondrial cytochrome b that confer resistance to bifenazate and acequinocyl in the spider miteTetranychus urticae
Authors: Fotoukkiaii Seyedeh Masoumeh , Tan Zoë , Xue Wenxin , Wybouw Nicky , Van Leeuwen Thomas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn spider mites, mutations in the mitochondrial cytochrome b Qopocket have been reported to confer resistance to the Qoinhibitors bifenazate and acequinocyl. In this study, we surveyed populations of the two‐spotted spider miteTetranychus urticaefor mutations in cytochrome b, linked newly discovered mutations with resistance and assessed potential pleiotropic fitness costs.RESULTSWe identified two novel mutations in the Qosite: G132A (equivalent to G143A in fungi resistant to strobilurins) and G126S + A133T (previously reported to cause bifenazate and acequinocyl resistance inPanonychus citri). TwoT. urticaestrains carrying G132A were highly resistant to bifenazate but not acequinocyl, whereas a strain with G126S + A133T displayed high levels of acequinocyl resistance, but only moderate levels of bifenazate resistance. Bifenazate and acequinocyl resistance were inherited maternally, providing strong evidence for the involvement of these mutations in the resistance phenotype. Near isogenic lines carrying G132A revealed several fitness penalties inT. urticae; a lower net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (LM); a higher doubling time (DT); and a more male‐biased sex ratio.CONCLUSIONSSeveral lines of evidence were provided to support the causal role of newly discovered cytochrome b mutations in bifenazate and acequinocyl resistance. Because of the fitness costs associated with the G132A mutation, resistantT. urticaepopulations might be less competitive in a bifenazate‐free environment, offering opportunities for resistance management. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
What influences development of science content standards?
Authors: Judson Eugene , Hayes Kathryn N. , Glassmeyer Kristi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough 20 states have adopted Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), 24 other states have developed their own K‐12 science standards based on the same National Research Council (NRC) Framework. Understanding what influences content standards developers, realizing the supports and impediments to implementation they foresee, and knowing their rationales for implementing standards is important because these elements potentially affect their contributions and may have repercussions throughout the educational system. Forty‐four developers of one state's NRC Framework‐based science standards indicated the degree to which they were affected by educational system influencers (e.g., accountability), by their beliefs, values, and experiences, and by consideration of others (e.g., administrators). Developers described rationales they think others will have for supporting and being concerned about new science standards and their personal rationales for supporting new science standards. Among results, developers were substantially influenced by considerations of educators interpreting new standards and designing curriculum. Developers' experiences with teaching science and implementing standards weighed considerably more on their minds than considerations about administrators or colleagues. Developers believe new science standards possess tremendous intrinsic value but also believe others will primarily leverage rationales that new science standards are connected to state assessments and accountability as means to obtain teacher buy‐in.
Intraoperative Strategies for Minimal Manipulation of Autologous Adipose Tissue for Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapies: Concise Review
Authors: Trivisonno Angelo , Alexander Robert W. , Baldari Silvia , Cohen Steven R. , Di Rocco Giuliana , Gentile Pietro , Magalon Guy , Magalon Jérémy , Miller Randy B. , Womack Hayley , Toietta Gabriele 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a heterogeneous population of stem/stromal cells isolated from perivascular and extracellular matrix (ECM) of adipose tissue complex (ATC). Administration of SVF holds a strong therapeutic potential for regenerative and wound healing medicine applications aimed at functional restoration of tissues damaged by injuries or chronic diseases. SVF is commonly divided into cellular stromal vascular fraction (cSVF) and tissue stromal vascular fraction (tSVF). Cellular SVF is obtained from ATC by collagenase digestion, incubation/isolation, and pelletized by centrifugation. Enzymatic disaggregation may alter the relevant biological characteristics of adipose tissue, while providing release of complex, multiattachment of cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix, effectively eliminating the bioactive ECM and periadventitial attachments. In many countries, the isolation of cellular elements is considered as a “more than minimal” manipulation, and is most often limited to controlled clinical trials and subject to regulatory review. Several alternative, nonenzymatic methods of adipose tissue processing have been developed to obtain via minimal mechanical manipulation an autologous tSVF product intended for delivery, reducing the procedure duration, lowering production costs, decreasing regulatory burden, and shortening the translation into the clinical setting. Ideally, these procedures might allow for the integration of harvesting and processing of adipose tissue for ease of injection, in a single procedure utilizing a nonexpanded cellular product at the point of care, while permitting intraoperative autologous cellular and tissue-based therapies. Here, we review and discuss the options, advantages, and limitations of the major strategies alternative to enzymatic processing currently developed for minimal manipulation of adipose tissue. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1265&1271