bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor Microenvironment‐Tailored Weakly Cell‐Interacted Extracellular Delivery Platform Enables Precise Antibody Release and Function
Authors: Li Sidi , Chen Luyang , Huang Kai , Chen Ning , Zhan Qi , Yi Kaikai , Qi Hongzhao , Liu Chaoyong , Tan Yanli , Hou Xin , Lu Yunfeng , Zhao Jin , Yuan Xubo , Kang Chunsheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPrecise delivery of extracellularly functional protein drugs is limited by the drawback in that the protective carrier often causes undesirable cellular uptake of these therapeutic agents. Here, the design of a weakly cell‐interacted, nanosized, environment‐responsive vehicle (WINNER) with rational phosphorylcholine (PC) surface filling ratios capable of precise extracellular delivery of therapeutic agents for enhanced tumor suppression is reported. Highly hydrophilic zwitterionic PC and enzyme‐responsive peptides are engineered into the functional shell of WINNER which reasonably covers the inner protein. It is demonstrated that rationally controlled PC surface filling ratios (50.5–58.3%) are necessary for weakening interactions between the cell and WINNER whilst providing enough sites on WINNER for enzyme recognition. Consequently, WINNER (50.5–58.3%) can protect inner cargos from cellular uptake and undergo enzymatic degradation, resulting in precise extracellular release of inner protein, such as therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb). After intravenous administration, therapeutic mAb nimotuzumab‐loaded WINNER (51.2%) shows highest in vivo antitumor activity compared with free nimotuzumab or nimotuzumab‐loaded PC‐free nanocarrier in a lung adenocarcinoma xenograft tumor animal model. This work presents a simple and flexible approach to design precise extracellular delivery platform which can uncage the therapeutic power of extracellular targeting therapeutic agents.
Dental Resin Monomer Enables Unique NbO2/Carbon Lithium‐Ion Battery Negative Electrode with Exceptional Performance
Authors: Ji Qing , Gao Xiangwen , Zhang Qiuju , Jin Liyu , Wang Da , Xia Yonggao , Yin Shanshan , Xia Senlin , Hohn Nuri , Zuo Xiuxia , Wang Xiaoyan , Xie Shuang , Xu Zhuijun , Ma Liujia , Chen Liang , Chen George Z. , Zhu Jin , Hu Binjie , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Bruce Peter G. , Cheng Ya‐Jun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNiobium dioxide (NbO2) features a high theoretical capacity and an outstanding electron conductivity, which makes it a promising alternative to the commercial graphite negative electrode. However, studies on NbO2 based lithium‐ion battery negative electrodes have been rarely reported. In the present work, NbO2 nanoparticles homogeneously embedded in a carbon matrix are synthesized through calcination using a dental resin monomer (bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate, Bis‐GMA) as the solvent and a carbon source and niobium ethoxide (NbETO) as the precursor. It is revealed that a low Bis‐GMA/NbETO mass ratio (from 1:1 to 1:2) enables the conversion of Nb (V) to Nb (IV) due to increased porosity induced by an alcoholysis reaction between the NbETO and Bis‐GMA. The as‐prepared NbO2/carbon nanohybrid delivers a reversible capacity of 225 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at a 1 C rate with a Coulombic efficiency of more than 99.4% in the cycles. Various experimental and theoretical approaches including solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, ex situ X‐ray diffraction, differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, and density functional theory are utilized to understand the fundamental lithiation/delithiation mechanisms of the NbO2/carbon nanohybrid. The results suggest that the NbO2/carbon nanohybrid bearing high capacity, long cycle life, and low gas evolution is promising for lithium storage applications.
Plasmon Enhanced Two‐Photon Probing with Gold and Silver Nanovoid Structures
Authors: Madzharova Fani , Öhl Denis , Junqueira João , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Kneipp Janina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNonlinear optical signals benefit greatly from the enhanced local optical fields in the vicinity of plasmonic nanostructures. Gold and silver nanovoid arrays of varying size and thickness, fabricated by electrochemical deposition are shown here to act as stable plasmonic nanostructures and to enhance the weak, incoherent two‐photon excited process of surface‐enhanced hyper Raman scattering (SEHRS) with high microscopic homogeneity and reproducibility that typical SEHRS experiments have not been addressing so far. Silver nanovoids yield stronger enhancement than gold voids, but gold nanovoid arrays show improved stability at high laser excitation intensities. Combined screening experiments using SEHRS and second‐harmonic generation (SHG) reveal a dependence of the enhancement of both signals on void structural parameters and similar optimum geometries for both two‐photon processes. The results confirm the suggested important role for the enhancement of the near‐infrared excitation field in SEHRS and suggest SHG as a fast screening tool to identify nanostructures that can support high SEHRS enhancement.
Physical activity and work activities in Florida agricultural workers
Authors: Mix Jacqueline M. , Elon Lisa , Thein Mac Valerie Vi , Flocks Joan , Economos Jeannie , Tovar‐Aguilar Antonio J. , Hertzberg Vicki S. , McCauley Linda A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundLaboring in hot and humid conditions is a risk factor for heat‐related illnesses. Little is known about the amount of physical activity performed in the field setting by agricultural workers, a population that is among those at highest risk for heat‐related mortality in the United States.MethodsWe measured accelerometer‐based physical activity and work activities performed in 244 Florida agricultural workers, 18 to 54 years of age, employed in the fernery, nursery, and crop operations during the summer work seasons of 2015‐2017. Environmental temperature data during the participant's workdays were collected from the Florida Automated Weather Network and used to calculate wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT). Generalized linear mixed model regression was used to examine the association between WBGT on physical activity, stratified by the agricultural sector.ResultsFernery workers had the highest overall volume of physical activity, spending nearly 4 hours in moderate to vigorous activity per workday. Activity over the course of the workday also differed by the agricultural sector. A reduction on average physical activity with increasing environmental temperature was observed only among crop workers.ConclusionsThe quantity and patterns of physical activity varied by the agricultural sector, sex, and age, indicating that interventions that aim to reduce heat‐related morbidity and mortality should be tailored to specific subpopulations. Some workers did not reduce overall physical activity under dangerously hot environmental conditions, which has implications for policies protecting worker health. Future research is needed to determine how physical activity and climatic conditions impact the development of heat‐related disorders in this population.
“Felony assault should stick:” Assaulted EMS responders’ frustration and dissatisfaction with the legal system
Authors: Wright Jasmine Y. , Davis Andrea L. , Brandt‐Rauf Sherry , Taylor Jennifer A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of violence to first responders is reported in ranges of approximately 40% to 90%. Pennsylvania has a felonious assault statute to address such violence, but the prosecutorial process has been noted to cause first‐responder dissatisfaction.MethodsAn exploratory qualitative study using individual interviews with snowball sampling was conducted with the Philadelphia District Attorney's office to understand the prosecutorial process when a first responder is assaulted and injured in a line of duty. The Philadelphia Fire Department provided a list of first responders who sustained a work‐related injury from a patient or bystander assault so that particular cases could be discussed during the interviews.ResultsEmergent themes fell into two categories: factors that lead to a charge (prosecutorial merit, intent, and victim investment), and the judge's discretion in sentencing (“part of the job” mentality, concern for the defendant, and the justice system's offender focus). Immediately actionable tertiary prevention recommendations for fire departments, labor unions, and district attorney's offices were developed.ConclusionViolence against fire‐based emergency medical service (EMS) responders is a persistent and preventable workplace hazard. While felonious assault statutes express society's value that it is unacceptable to harm a first responder, this study found that such statutes failed to provide satisfaction to victims and that support when going through the court process is lacking. Assaulted EMS responders, their employers, and labor unions would benefit from the recommendations provided herein to help them extract a stronger sense of procedural justice from the legal process.
Three‐Phase Photocatalysis for the Enhanced Selectivity and Activity of CO2 Reduction on a Hydrophobic Surface
Authors: Li Ang , Cao Qian , Zhou Guangye , Schmidt Bernhard V. K. J. , Zhu Wenjin , Yuan Xintong , Huo Hailing , Gong Jinlong , Antonietti Markus 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CRR) represents a promising route for the clean utilization of stranded renewable resources, but poor selectivity resulting from the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in aqueous solution limits its practical applicability. In the present contribution a photocatalyst with hydrophobic surfaces was fabricated. It facilitates an efficient three‐phase contact of CO2 (gas), H2O (liquid), and catalyst (solid). Thus, concentrated CO2 molecules in the gas phase contact the catalyst surface directly, and can overcome the mass‐transfer limitations of CO2, inhibit the HER because of lowering proton contacts, and overall enhance the CRR. Even when loaded with platinum nanoparticles, one of the most efficient HER promotion cocatalysts, the three‐phase photocatalyst maintains a selectivity of 87.9 %. Overall, three‐phase photocatalysis provides a general and reliable method to enhance the competitiveness of the CRR.
Total Syntheses of Xiamycins A, C, F, H and Oridamycin A and Preliminary Evaluation of their Anti‐Fungal Properties
Authors: Pfaffenbach Magnus , Bakanas Ian , O'Connor Nicholas R. , Herrick Jessica L. , Sarpong Richmond 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDivergent and enantiospecific total syntheses of the indolosesquiterpenoids xiamycins A, C, F, H and oridamycin A have been accomplished. The syntheses, which commence from (R)‐carvone, employ a key photoinduced benzannulation sequence to forge the carbazole moiety characteristic of these natural products. Late‐stage diversification from a common intermediate enabled the first syntheses of xiamycins C and F, and an unexpected one‐pot oxidative decarboxylation, which may prove general, led to xiamycin H. All synthetic intermediates and the natural products were tested for anti‐fungal activity. Xiamycin H emerged as an inhibitor of three agriculturally relevant fungal pathogens.
Das hydratisierte Proton besitzt eine deutlich höhere Oberflächenaktivität als das Hydroxidion
Authors: Das Sudipta , Bonn Mischa , Backus Ellen H. G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDas Verhalten von Hydroxidionen und hydratisierten Protonen, den Autoionisationsprodukten des Wassers, an Oberflächen spielt eine große Rolle in der Forschung und bei vielen Anwendungen. Es ist allerdings unklar, bei welcher Massenkonzentration diese Ionen an der Wasser‐Luft‐Grenzfläche oberflächenaktiv werden. Mit der oberflächensensitiven Summenfrequenzspektroskopie (SFS) können bei einem Überschuss an D+hyd/OD−hyd‐Ionen Veränderungen an der D2O/Luft‐Grenzschicht erkannt werden. Ab einer Konzentration von nur 2.7±0.2 mm D+hyd beginnt die nachweisliche Veränderung an der D2O‐Oberfläche. Im Gegensatz dazu ist eine Konzentration von mehreren hunderten mm OD−hyd erforderlich, um die D2O‐Oberfläche nachweislich zu verändern. Das hydratisierte Proton an der Wasser‐Luft‐Grenzfläche ist damit um mehrere Größenordnungen oberflächenaktiver als das Hydroxidion.
Multi‐Component Synthesis of Rare 1,3‐Dihydro‐1,3‐azaborinine Derivatives: Application of a Bora‐Nazarov Type Reaction
Authors: Li Jun , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe twofold hydroboration products of (Fmes)BH2⋅SMe2 with a series of alkynes (2‐butyne, arylethynes) react with two molar equiv of 2,6‐dimethylphenyl isocyanide (CN‐Xyl) at 80 °C to give rare examples of 1,3‐azaborinine derivatives. A mechanistic study revealed a reaction course involving insertion of one isonitrile followed by a bora‐Nazarov type ring‐closure reaction and subsequent isonitrile insertion to give the respective 1,3‐dihydro‐1,3‐azaborinines 5.
An Unusual Skeletal Rearrangement in the Biosynthesis of the Sesquiterpene Trichobrasilenol from Trichoderma
Authors: Murai Keiichi , Lauterbach Lukas , Teramoto Kazuya , Quan Zhiyang , Barra Lena , Yamamoto Tsuyoshi , Nonaka Kenichi , Shiomi Kazuro , Nishiyama Makoto , Kuzuyama Tomohisa , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe skeletons of some classes of terpenoids are unusual in that they contain a larger number of Me groups (or their biosynthetic equivalents such as olefinic methylene groups, hydroxymethyl groups, aldehydes, or carboxylic acids and their derivatives) than provided by their oligoprenyl diphosphate precursor. This is sometimes the result of an oxidative ring‐opening reaction at a terpene‐cyclase‐derived molecule containing the regular number of Me group equivalents, as observed for picrotoxan sesquiterpenes. In this study a sesquiterpene cyclase from Trichoderma spp. is described that can convert farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) directly via a remarkable skeletal rearrangement into trichobrasilenol, a new brasilane sesquiterpene with one additional Me group equivalent compared to FPP. A mechanistic hypothesis for the formation of the brasilane skeleton is supported by extensive isotopic labelling studies.
The Surface Activity of the Hydrated Proton Is Substantially Higher than That of the Hydroxide Ion
Authors: Das Sudipta , Bonn Mischa , Backus Ellen H. G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe behavior of hydroxide and hydrated protons, the auto‐ionization products of water, at surfaces is important for a wide range of applications and disciplines. However, it is unknown at which bulk concentration these ions start to become surface active at the water–air interface. Here, we report changes in the D2O–air interface in the presence of excess D+hyd/OD−hyd determined using surface‐sensitive vibrational sum‐frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy. The onset of the perturbation of the D2O surface occurs at a bulk concentration as low as 2.7±0.2 mm D+hyd. In contrast, a concentration of several hundred mm OD−hyd is required to change the D2O surface. The hydrated proton is thus orders of magnitude more surface‐active than hydroxide at the water–air interface.
Assessment on the mechanical, structural, and thermal attributes of green graphene‐based water soluble polymer electrolyte composites
Authors: Sultana Sabiha , Bhatti Haq Nawaz , Yasmin Farah , Khan Abdul Naeem , Rehan Imran , Rehan Kamran , Noor‐ul‐Amin  
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIn the current study, graphene oxide (GO) was prepared using green chemistry with modified Hummer's method without incorporating sodium nitrate (NaNO3). Solvent casting was employed to fabricate GO‐doped poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), that is, PEO/GO composites with various proportion of Na2SO4 and were then subjected to characterization via advanced spectroscopic techniques for different physicochemical aspects to estimate their potential applications as marketable products. XRD analysis explored that fabricated composites are more crystalline than neat PEO. PEO/GO/Na2SO4 composite films offered maximum crystallinity. SEM displayed the same trend. TG/DTA thermogram exposed better thermal stability than pristine polymer. FTIR studies confirmed complexation among hybrid's components. Elongation‐at‐break and Young's modulus displayed an enhancing behavior with an incremental loading of salt and filler. In terms of mechanical performance, composite of PEO with 0.37 wt % GO and 0.08 g salt was found to be an ideal composition during the course of study. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48376.
Bi‐phasic water diffusion in sheet molding compound composite
Authors: Abdessalem Abir , Tamboura Sahbi , Fitoussi Joseph , Ben Daly Hachmi , Tcharkhtchi Abbas 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTSheet molding compound (SMC) composite has been studied under humid‐aging conditions. Diffusion of water within the material, as measured by gravimetry, was found to be in good agreement with the “Langmuir‐type” diffusion model developed by Carter and Kibler. In their theory, Carter and Kibler consider the existence of two types of water molecules in the material, «mobile» and «bound». In this study, these two types have been considered separately. Furthermore, Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis has been performed by decomposition of signals to study the fraction of free (mobile) and hydrogen‐bounded water. Thermal analysis and microscopic observations were put forward to explain the two types of water molecules. In this contribution, we found a “bi‐phasic” water diffusion. We suggest that the «mobile» water corresponding to the diffusion in the micro‐porosities follows a Fickien kinetic, which turns to sigmoidal one at a specific time of immersion τ. Whereas the kinetic of «bound» water, referring to crosslinking and plasticization, follows a sigmoidal kinetic, which turns to Fickien behavior when the overall network is saturated. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48381.
Genetic differentiation between and within ecotypes of pike (Esox lucius) in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Nordahl Oscar , Koch‐Schmidt Per , Sunde Johanna , Yıldırım Yeşerin , Tibblin Petter , Forsman Anders , Larsson Per 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Aquatic systems often lack physical boundaries for gene flow, but ecological and behavioural barriers can form surprisingly fine spatial scale genetic patterns that challenge traditional, large scale management. To detect fine spatial scale structures, understand sources of intraspecific diversity, and design appropriate management plans requires identification of reproductively isolated units.
This study reports on genetic differentiation in pike (Esox lucius) within a coastal area stretching 55 km from south to north in the central Baltic Sea. Pike is here an economically and ecologically important top predator that has declined in abundance. However, population structures have mostly been studied on large spatial scales, and without considering the potential for genetic divergence between the sympatric anadromous fresh water and the resident brackish water spawning ecotypes.
To this end, 487 individuals from the east coast of Sweden and the island of Öland, representing sympatric anadromous and resident spawning individuals, categorized to ecotype based on spawning location or otolith microchemistry, were genotyped for 10 microsatellites and used to test for divergence between ecotypes. Furthermore, divergence between regions (island/mainland), neighbouring spawning locations (n = 13) and isolation by distance within and between regions were evaluated for the anadromous ecotype.
The results revealed strong genetic differences between regions, between spawning locations separated by as little as 5 km and the first evidence of genetic differentiation between resident and anadromous ecotypes; despite a high dispersal capacity of pike and a high connectivity within the study area. The signatures of isolation by distance indicated that connectivity among populations differed between regions, probably reflecting availability of spawning habitats.
To safeguard against the challenges and uncertainties associated with environmental change, adaptive conservation management should aim to promote high intra‐population functional genetic diversity without compromising the continued integrity and coexistence of the different ecotypes and of locally adapted sub‐populations.
Synchronization of non‐linear systems with disturbances subjected to dead‐zone and saturation characteristics in control input using DMVT approach
Authors: Dinesh Ajul , Sharma Bharat Bhushan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA synchronization criterion for chaotic non‐linear systems with disturbances is discussed in this paper, which ensures effective synchronization between the systems even with dead‐zone and saturation non‐linearities in the controller input. The system non‐linearities are addressed with the help of Differential Mean Value Theorem (DMVT), rather than treating them as Lipschitz. The reformulation of non‐linearity terms through DMVT provides the Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) conditions for controller design to be less restrictive. Lyapunov stability theory and LMI formulations are used for ensuring asymptotic stability of the overall system under input dead‐zone and saturation. Moreover, an adaptive parameter is used in the controller to reduce the effect of norm‐bounded disturbances. Extensive simulation results are presented at the end to ensure the efficacy of the proposed scheme.
Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of 3,4‐diaminopyridine in rats
Authors: Ishida Natsuko , Kondo Yuya , Chikano Yuri , Kobayashi‐Nakade Erina , Suga Yukio , Ishizaki Junko , Komai Kiyonobu , Matsushita Ryo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLambert‐Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is characterized by muscle weakness, amyotrophy, easy fatigability, and depressed tendon reflexes. 3,4‐Diaminopyridine (3,4‐DAP) is the recommended therapy for the treatment of LEMS. However, estimations of 3,4‐DAP pharmacokinetics in human and animals, such as rats, are rarely reported because 3,4‐DAP is an orphan drug for the treatment of a very rare disease (LEMS). In particular, little is known about its tissue distribution. Therefore, the pharmacokinetics of 3,4‐DAP were studied, with particular focus on tissue distribution, in rats. After intravenous administration of 3,4‐DAP to rats, the half‐life of 3,4‐DAP was 15.9 ± 3.9 min and the volume of distribution at steady‐state was 2.8 ± 0.7 L/kg. The tissue‐to‐plasma partition coefficient (Kp) was high in the kidney, heart, and muscle. In addition, with increased steady state plasma concentration (Css), a tendency toward increased Kp was found in most tissues. In the muscle, a likely target region of 3,4‐DAP in LEMS patients, the Kp was higher than in the plasma. Furthermore, more than 68% of 3,4‐DAP was distributed to the muscle as determined by the ratio of 3,4‐DAP distribution calculated from the apparent volumes of distribution. Hence, 3,4‐DAP may provide for more effective and long‐lasting effects.