bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear factor‐kappa β as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Jha Niraj Kumar , Jha Saurabh Kumar , Kar Rohan , Nand Parma , Swati Kumari , Goswami Vineet Kumar 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a typical progressive, chronic neurodegenerative disorder with worldwide prevalence. Its clinical manifestation involves the presence of extracellular plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). NFTs occur in brain tissues as a result of both Aβ agglomeration and Tau phosphorylation. Although there is no known cure for AD, research into possible cures and treatment options continues using cell‐cultures and model animals/organisms. The nuclear factor‐kappa β (NF‐κβ) plays an active role in the progression of AD. Impairment to this signaling module triggers undesirable phenotypic changes such as neuroinflammation, activation of microglia, oxidative stress related complications, and apoptotic cell death. These imbalances further lead to homeostatic abnormalities in the brain or in initial stages of AD essentially pushing normal neurons toward the degeneration process. Interestingly, the role of NF‐κβ signaling associated receptor‐interacting protein kinase is currently observed in apoptotic and necrotic cell death, and has been reported in brains. Conversely, the NF‐κβ signaling pathway has also been reported to be involved in normal brain functioning. This pathway plays a crucial role in maintaining synaptic plasticity and balancing between learning and memory. Since any impairment in the pathways associated with NF‐κβ signaling causes altered neuronal dynamics, neurotherapeutics using compounds including, antioxidants, bioflavonoids, and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs against such abnormalities offer possibilities to rectify aberrant excitatory neuronal activity in AD. In this review, we have provided an extensive overview of the crucial role of NF‐κβ signaling in normal brain homeostasis. We have also thoroughly outlined several established pathomechanisms associated with NF‐κβ pathways in AD, along with their respective therapeutic approaches.image
Neuroticism as mental noise: Evidence from a continuous tracking task
Authors: Klein Robert J. , Robinson Michael D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveProminent theories of Neuroticism emphasize its potential link to threat‐ or punishment‐sensitivity processes. Even in the absence of external threats, though, Neuroticism may predispose people to a sort of “mental noise,” or cognitive instability, that creates problems for ongoing efforts after control. If this is the case, cognitive views of Neuroticism might be needed to complement the primarily emotion‐related views that currently exist.MethodIn a four study program of research (total N = 541), momentary forms of monitoring and control were assessed using variants of a continuous tracking task.ResultsAs hypothesized, the dimension of Neuroticism was consistently linked to performance deficits, regardless of whether aversive sounds were present or not (Studies 1–3), and the relevant deficits also predicted daily levels of negative affect (Study 4).ConclusionsThe results support the idea that momentary self‐regulation is noisier in the context of higher levels of Neuroticism.
Passion and moral disengagement: Different pathways to political activism
Authors: Bélanger Jocelyn J. , Schumpe Birga M. , Nociti Noëmie , Moyano Manuel , Dandeneau Stéphane , Chamberland Pier‐Eric , Vallerand Robert J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveFour studies examined the relationship between motivational imbalance―the degree to which a goal dominates other goals―and political activism.MethodBased on the dualistic model of passion (Vallerand, 2015) and recent theorizing on violent extremism (Kruglanski, Jasko, Chernikova, Dugas, & Webber, 2017), we predicted that obsessive passion (OP), which facilitates alternative goal suppression, would increase support for violent political behaviors. In contrast, we predicted that harmonious passion (HP), which facilitates the integration of multiple goal pursuits, would increase support for peaceful political behaviors.ResultsStudy 1a demonstrated that OP for environmentalism was positively associated with moral disengagement, which in turn predicted violent behaviors. HP was positively associated with peaceful behaviors. Political activism among Democrats yielded similar findings in Study 1b. Study 2 replicated Studies 1a–1b using an implicit measure of moral disengagement. Study 3 replicated Studies 1–2 by demonstrating that experimentally inducing a harmonious (vs. obsessive) passion mindset indirectly reduced violent behaviors through the attenuation of moral disengagement while directly promoting peaceful behaviors. Study 4 conceptually replicated Studies 1–3 by experimentally manipulating moral disengagement.ConclusionsThese results offer insights into the workings of radicalization and suggest theory‐driven methods of reducing political violence.
Recovering a sense of self in schizophrenia
Authors: Davidson Larry 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveDiverse theoretical orientations on psychopathology, including the most recent phenomenological and neuroscientific approaches, consistently have viewed a core component of schizophrenia to be the loss, or distortion, of a person’s sense of self as an effective agent in a shared, social world. How such a sense of self becomes lost or distorted and the questions of whether or not, and if so, how it can be recovered have received considerably less attention. These questions are taken up in the present paper.MethodA review of a substantial body of longitudinal research, enhanced by a growing trove of recovery narratives, provides ample evidence that many people recover a sense of self over time. Based on a review of this qualitative literature, this contribution describes the components and processes involved in the gradual reconstruction of an effective sense of social agency.ResultsProcesses of reconstructing a sense of self begin with acceptance and an instillation of hope, which together provide a foundation for rediscovering one’s efficacy in seemingly small but concrete ways that then are incorporated into a sense of social identity as a worthwhile member of one’s community.ConclusionsImplications of such an understanding for recovery‐oriented practice are considered.
Modifying dietary risk behaviors to prevent obesity and dental caries in very young children: results of the Baby Steps to Health pediatric dental pilot
Authors: Chomitz Virginia Rall , Park Hubert J. , Koch‐Weser Susan , Chui Kenneth Kwan Ho , Sun Lingxia , Malone Mary Ellen , Palmer Carole , Loo Cheen Y. , Must Aviva 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the design, feasibility, and acceptability of a theory‐informed obesity and dental caries prevention pilot study, Baby Steps to Health, conducted in an academic dental clinic among a primarily Asian immigrant population.MethodsBaby Steps used self‐determination theory and behavioral motivation strategies for a caregiver/child (6–36 months) nutrition and oral health behavior change intervention implemented in a pediatric dental clinic. Caregivers completed a dietary practice assessment to identify risk behaviors and potential courses of action. With assistance from dental providers, caregiver responses were matched to customized dietary behavioral guidance and a behavior change goal to reinforce caregivers' autonomous motivation to improve feeding practices. A 1‐month, post‐visit phone caregiver interview assessed adherence to the behavioral goal(s) and solicited qualitative input for further program development.ResultsFifty caregivers (82 percent Asian) participated in the initial visit, and 46 (92 percent) participated in the follow‐up interview. Reported obesogenic/cariogenic risk behaviors were prevalent: 57 percent of bottle‐fed children consumed non‐water beverages in bottles to aid sleep and 38 percent of parents offered snacks ad libitum. At follow‐up, 93 percent of caregivers who selected goals reported positive behavior change and 91 percent said they would participate in a similar future program.ConclusionsTailored guidance delivered in a program that uses self‐determination theory may represent a strategic use of the dental encounter to impart actionable information and motivate health‐related behavior change for families with very young children. Partnerships between dental and nutrition professionals offer opportunities to address key dietary behaviors that may prevent obesity and improve oral health, particularly among at‐risk children.
Increased temperature benefits growth and photosynthetic performance of the sea ice diatom Nitzschia cf. neglecta (Bacillariophyceae) isolated from saroma lagoon, Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Yan Dong , Endo Hisashi , Suzuki Koji 
Published: February 2019

During ice melt in spring, ice algae are released from the ice and could be exposed to variable temperatures and irradiances in surface water. Saroma Lagoon is an embayment with two inlets leading to the Sea of Okhotsk. With seasonal development of sea ice, its water temperature changes dramatically throughout the year. To investigate the living and photoprotective strategies of ice algae in such a coastal water system, we grew Nitzschia cf. neglecta, an ice diatom isolated from the sea ice of this lagoon, under irradiance levels of 30 and 100 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1, and temperatures of 2°C and 10°C. Then the acclimated cells were exposed to high light in order to investigate the plasticity of their photosynthetic apparatus. At 10°C, cells grew faster and showed decreased susceptibility to high light. At 2°C, an immediate decrease in all pigment content upon exposure, as well as a higher cellular content of diatoxanthin was used to compensate for the more severe excitation stress. Highly efficient photoprotection was achieved through the diadinoxanthin‐diatoxanthin cycle‐dependent nonphotochemical quenching. While regulation through psbA and rbcL at the transcription level played a minor role in the response to high light stress at both temperatures. The wide tolerance to both temperature and light changes suggest that the thinning of sea ice and higher temperatures in a warmer world will lead to more intense blooms in Saroma Lagoon.
Community‐based, point‐of‐care hepatitis C testing: perspectives and preferences of people who inject drugs
Authors: Latham Ned H. , Pedrana Alisa , Doyle Joseph S. , Howell Jessica , Williams Bridget , Higgs Peter , Thompson Alexander J. , Hellard Margaret E. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryA barrier to hepatitis C treatment for people who inject drugs (PWID) is needing to attend multiple appointments for diagnosis. Point‐of‐care hepatitis C tests provide results within 20 to 105 minutes and can be offered opportunistically in nonclinical settings such as needle syringe programmes. In this nested qualitative study, we explored the acceptability of point‐of‐care testing for PWID. PWID attending participating needle syringe programmes were screened using the OraQuick HCV antibody mouth swab (result in 20 minutes); those with a reactive result then underwent venepuncture for a point‐of‐care RNA test: the Xpert HCV Viral Load (result in 105 minutes). Convenience sampling was used to select participants for a semi‐structured interview. A hybrid thematic analysis was performed, guided by Sekhon's “Theoretical Framework of Acceptability.” Nineteen participants were interviewed. Three core themes emerged: "people and place," "method of specimen collection," and "rapidity of result return." It was highly acceptable to be offered testing at the needle syringeprogrammes by nurses and community health workers, who were described as competent and nonjudgemental. Most participants reported that even if a finger‐stick point‐of‐care RNA test were an option in the future, they would prefer venepuncture, as the sample could be used for pre‐treatment workup and bundled testing. Waiting 20 minutes to receive the antibody test result was acceptable, whereas the 105 minutes required for the RNA result was unacceptable. Offering point‐of‐care hepatitis C testing at needle syringe programmes is acceptable to PWID, however tests that avoid venepuncture are not necessarily the most attractive to PWID.
Tilmicosin enteric granules and premix to pigs: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and comparative pharmacokinetics
Authors: Xiong Jincheng , Zhu Qianqian , Zhao Yaxin , Yang Shuaike , Cao Jiyue , Qiu Yinsheng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of tilmicosin enteric granules and premix after oral administration at a dose of 40 mg/kg in pigs. Three kinds of different respiratory pathogens were selected for determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to tilmicosin. Eight healthy pigs were assigned to a two‐period, randomized crossover design. A modified rapid, sensitive HPLC method was used for determining the concentrations of tilmicosin in plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using WinNonlin 5.2 software. The MIC90 of tilmicosin against Haemophilus parasuis, Actinbacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Pasteurella multocida were all 8 μg/ml. These results indicated that these common pig respiratory bacteria are sensitive to tilmicosin. The main parameters of time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax), elimination half‐life (t1/2β), mean residence time (MRT), and apparent volume of distribution (VF) were 2.03 ± 0.37 hr, 29.31 ± 5.56 hr, 25.22 ± 2.57 hr, 4.06 ± 1.04 L/kg, and 3.05 ± 0.08 hr, 17.06 ± 1.77 hr, 15.55 ± 1.37 hr, 2.95 ± 0.62 L/kg after the orally administrated tilmicosin enteric granules and premix. The relative bioavailability of tilmicosin enteric granules to premix was 114.97 ± 7.19%, according to the AUC0‐t values. These results demonstrated that tilmicosin enteric granules produced faster tilmicosin absorption, slower elimination, larger tissue distribution, and higher bioavailability compared to the tilmicosin premix. The present study results manifest that tilmicosin enteric granules can be used as a therapeutic alternative to premix in clinical treatment.
Ancient refugia and present‐day habitat suitability of native laurophylls in Italy
Authors: Alessi Nicola , Těšitel Jakub , Zerbe Stefan , Spada Francesco , Agrillo Emiliano , Wellstein Camilla 
Published: February 2019

AbstractQuestionsEuropean native laurophyllous species are interesting for their biogeography and evolutionary history, as well as for their responses to global changes. We identified Italian native laurophylls on the basis of morphology, biogeographical history and ecological niche to study whether these species are in equilibrium with the present‐day climate. Furthermore, we localized Quaternary refugia and areas of potential spread of native laurophylls using distribution patterns of realized and potential aggregations of native laurophylls, respectively.LocationItaly.MethodsWe extracted data for 17 087 forest plots from a phytosociological database. Detrended Correspondence Analysis of these plots with overlay of climatic and environmental variables was performed to identify native laurophylls, i.e., evergreen broad‐leaved species of late Tertiary radiation, occupying a warm and humid niche. Potential ranges of laurophylls were calculated using Beals’ index of sociological favourability. The realized/potential range‐size ratio was calculated for each single laurophyll to understand whether it is in equilibrium with the present‐day climate. Distribution patterns of realized and potential aggregations of laurophylls were mapped.ResultsOrdination analysis provided a selection of 11 species as Italian native laurophylls. Most of them occupied less than half of their estimated potential range. Realized aggregations richest in native laurophylls were localized in the central Apennines. However, the Italian forests showed high potential for native laurophylls with the richest potential aggregations in the whole Apennines and in the southern Alps.ConclusionsMost of the Italian native laurophylls showed non‐equilibrium with the current climate, suggesting that late‐Quaternary events could better explain their present‐day distribution than on‐going climate change. Furthermore, their refugia in central Italy suggest the persistence in sites with temperate climate during Quaternary environmental changes. The high suitability of Italian forests for laurophylls, along with global changes, suggests possible future spreading of these species.
The future of Genesis science
Authors: Burnett D. S. , Jurewicz A. J. G. , Woolum D. S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSolar abundances are important to planetary science since the prevalent model assumes that the composition of the solar photosphere is that of the solar nebula from which planetary materials formed. Thus, solar abundances are a baseline for planetary science. Previously, solar abundances have only been available through spectroscopy or by proxy (CI). The Genesis spacecraft collected and returned samples of the solar wind for laboratory analyses. Elemental and isotopic abundances in solar wind from Genesis samples have been successfully measured despite the crash of the re‐entry capsule. Here we present science rationales for a set of 12 important (and feasible postcrash) Science and Measurement Objectives as goals for the future (Table 1). We also review progress in Genesis sample analyses since the last major review (Burnett ). Considerable progress has been made toward understanding elemental fractionation during the extraction of the solar wind from the photosphere, a necessary step in determining true solar abundances from solar wind composition. The suitability of Genesis collectors for specific analyses is also assessed. Thus far, the prevalent model remains viable despite large isotopic variations in a number of volatile elements, but its validity and limitations can be further checked by several Objectives.
Shifting the paradigm in Evolve and Resequence studies: From analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms to selected haplotype blocks
Authors: Barghi Neda , Schlötterer Christian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFor almost a decade the combination of whole genome sequencing with experimental evolution (Evolve and Resequence, E&R; Turner, Stewart, Fields, Rice, & Tarone, 2011) has been used to study adaptation in outcrossing organisms. However, complications caused by inversions and hitchhiking variants have prevented this powerful approach from living up to its potential. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Michalak, Kang, Schou, Garner, and Loeschke (2018), provide an important step ahead by using a population of Drosophila melanogaster devoid of segregating inversions to identify the genetic basis of resistance to five environmental stressors. They further address the challenge of hitchhiking variants by reconstructing selected haplotype blocks. While it is apparent that the haplotype block reconstruction needs further refinements, their work underpins the potential of E&R studies in Drosophila to address fundamental questions in evolutionary biology.
Multi‐domain analysis of microvascular flow motion dynamics in NAFLD
Authors: Chipperfield Andrew J. , Thanaj Marjola , Scorletti Eleonora , Byrne Christopher D. , Clough Geraldine F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether analysis of microvascular network perfusion using complexity‐based methods can discriminate between groups of individuals at an increased risk of developing CVD.MethodsData were obtained from laser Doppler recordings of skin blood flux at the forearm in 50 participants with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease grouped for absence (n = 28) or presence (n = 14) of type 2 diabetes and use of calcium channel blocker medication (n = 8). Power spectral density was evaluated and Lempel‐Ziv complexity determined to quantify signal information content at single and multiple time‐scales to account for the different processes modulating network perfusion.ResultsComplexity was associated with dilatory capacity and respiration and negatively with baseline blood flux and cardiac band power. The relationship between the modulators of flowmotion and complexity of blood flux is shown to change with time‐scale improving discrimination between groups. Multiscale Lempel‐Ziv achieved best classification accuracy of 86.1%.ConclusionsTime and frequency domain measures alone are insufficient to discriminate between groups. As cardiovascular disease risk increases, the degree of complexity of the blood flux signal reduces, indicative of a reduced temporal activity and heterogeneous distribution of blood flow within the microvascular network sampled. Complexity‐based methods, particularly multiscale variants, are shown to have good discriminatory capabilities.
A high‐throughput and rapid method for accurate identification of emerging multidrug‐resistant Candida auris
Authors: Ahmad Ausaf , Spencer Jonathan E. , Lockhart Shawn R. , Singleton Sabrina , Petway David J. , Bagarozzi Dennis A. , Herzegh Owen T. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryCandida auris is an emerging multidrug‐resistant yeast associated with invasive infection in healthcare settings. Recently, C auris cases in the United States have been detected in 11 states with the majority of cases in New York, New Jersey and Illinois. Rapid and accurate identification of C auris is critical for patient care and the implementation of public health measures to control the spread of infection. Our aim was to develop and validate a rapid DNA extraction method using the Roche MagNA Pure 96 instrument and a TaqMan real‐time PCR assay for reliable, high‐throughput identification of C auris. We evaluated 247 patient dermal swab samples previously analysed by culture/MALDI‐TOF. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 93.6% and 97.2%, respectively. The assay was highly reproducible with a detection limit of 1 C auris CFU/10 μL. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the real‐time PCR data showed an area of 0.982 under the curve, with a CT cut‐off value of ≤37.0. The turnaround time from DNA extraction to real‐time PCR results was approximately 200 samples/day. In conclusion, we successfully validated a rapid and high‐throughput method for accurate and reproducible identification of C auris with a significantly reduced turnaround time compared to culture/MALDI‐TOF based methods.
JAZ proteins modulate seed germination through interaction with ABI5 in bread wheat and Arabidopsis
Authors: Ju Lan , Jing Yexing , Shi Pengtao , Liu Jie , Chen Jiansheng , Yan Jijun , Chu Jinfang , Chen Kun‐Ming , Sun Jiaqiang 
Published: February 2019

Summary

Appropriate regulation of crop seed germination is of significance for agriculture production. In this study, we show that TaJAZ1, most closely related to Arabidopsis JAZ3, negatively modulates abscisic acid (ABA)‐inhibited seed germination and ABA‐responsive gene expression in bread wheat. Biochemical interaction assays demonstrate that the C‐terminal part containing the Jas domain of TaJAZ1 physically interacts with TaABI5.

Similarly, Arabidopsis jasmonate‐ZIM domain (JAZ) proteins also negatively modulate ABA responses. Further we find that a subset of JAZ proteins could interact with ABI5 using the luciferase complementation imaging assays.

Choosing JAZ3 as a representative, we demonstrate that JAZ3 interacts with ABI5 in vivo and represses the transcriptional activation activity of ABI5. ABA application could abolish the enrichment of JAZ proteins in the ABA‐responsive gene promoter. Furthermore, we find that ABA application could induce the expression of jasmonate (JA) biosynthetic genes and then increase the JA concentrations partially dependent on the function of ABI5, consequently leading to the degradation of JAZ proteins.

This study sheds new light on the crosstalk between JA and ABA in modulating seed germination in bread wheat and Arabidopsis.