bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indications and Outcomes for Tracheostomies in Pediatric Oncology Patients—A Single Center Study
Authors: Pan Jonathan , Lucas Bryony , Okcu M. Fatih , Foster Jennifer , Pinto Venessa , Chelius Daniel , Roy Kevin , Marcet‐Gonzalez Jessie , Bhar Saleh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundChildren with cancer face a high risk of complications including prolonged mechanical ventilation requiring tracheostomies. While tracheostomies have been demonstrated to be a generally safe procedure, there remain significant rare complications and a paucity of literature addressing outcomes specifically for pediatric patients with cancer. The objective of this study was to characterize pediatric patients with cancer who underwent tracheostomies and describe their indications and outcomes for length of stay, decannulation, and complications.ProceduresAt a single large volume children's hospital, retrospective medical record analysis was performed in all pediatric patients with cancer who received tracheostomies from 2004 to 2023.ResultsSixty‐five patients were identified with a median follow‐up time of 763 days (interquartile range 302–1687). Twenty‐one (32%) patients had a tracheostomy placed due to complications from mass effect of the tumor, 16 (25%) due to complications from cancer treatment, and 14 (22%) had a tracheostomy placed for nononcologic reasons. Additionally, a distinct subgroup of 14 (22%) patients underwent tracheostomy perioperatively for elective airway management during surgical resection of their tumors. Twenty‐nine (45%) were decannulated and 17 (26%) patients had a tracheostomy‐associated complication, including tracheitis and tracheocutaneous fistula, and no patients had a tracheostomy‐associated mortality.ConclusionsThe incidence of tracheostomy‐associated complications and decannulation rates in pediatric patients with cancer was comparable with the general pediatric tracheostomy population. This study establishes a reference point for clinicians regarding the anticipated outcomes among pediatric patients with cancer requiring or having undergone a tracheostomy.
Association Between Socioeconomic Factors and Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment‐ and Survival‐Related Outcomes in Canada
Authors: Jibb Lindsay , Laverty Meghan , Johnston Donna L. , Rayar Meera , Truong Tony H. , Kulkarni Ketan , Renzi Samuele , Alvi Saima , Kaur Jaskiran , Winch Nicole , Gupta Sumit , Marjerrison Stacey 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsStudies examing the impact of socioeconomic factors on outcomes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have yielded inconsistent findings. We aimed to determine whether socioeconomic status (SES) or healthcare access are associated with the presence of potentially time‐sensitive high‐risk features at diagnosis, times to diagnosis or treatment, or survival among children with ALL in Canada.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of all children aged less than 15 years diagnosed with first primary ALL between 2001 and 2019 using the Cancer in Young People in Canada national Data Tool, which is population‐based. SES was measured using neighborhood income quintiles, and healthcare access proxy measured as distance to treating center. We used logistic regression to examine the associations between income quintile and distance and two potentially time‐sensitive indicators of high‐risk ALL at diagnosis, white blood cell count (WBC) ≥50 × 109/L, and central nervous system (CNS) disease. We used Cox proportional hazards to examine associations with time‐to‐event outcomes (times to diagnosis and treatment, event‐free survival [EFS], and overall survival [OS]).ResultsWe included 4189 patients. In multivariable analyses, no associations were found between income quintile and potentially time‐sensitive high‐risk features at diagnosis, time to diagnosis or treatment, or OS. The only significant SES measure in multivariable survival analysis was superior EFS among those in income quintile 4 as compared to those in the lowest income quintile with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.70 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.54–0.91). Living at increased distance from treating center was not associated with high WBC at diagnosis, time to diagnosis, EFS, or OS. Associations were seen between distance to treating center and CNS disease at diagnosis and time to treatment, but without a clear pattern across distance quartiles.ConclusionsChildren diagnosed with ALL and treated within Canada's universal healthcare system experience similar treatment and survival outcomes regardless of SES and distance to treatment center. Further work is required using individual‐level SES and demographic data to determine if any associations exist, and qualitative assessments to understand barriers to care.
Analysis of the Impact of Extraction Processes on the Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine Granules
Authors: Zhang Cong , Zhang Chungang , Liu Meng , Wang Ti 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis review aims to summarize and elucidate the extraction processes of traditional Chinese medicine granules, examining their connection to quality control, with the aim of establishing a foundation for superior extraction methodologies.MethodologyThis article systematically collects and analyzes relevant literature from the past two decades through databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and CNKI, focusing on the extraction processes of traditional Chinese medicine granules and the factors affecting extraction efficiency.ResultsThis article provides a comprehensive account of the extraction and granulation processes of traditional Chinese medicine granules. Beginning with the physicochemical properties and chemical components of herbal slices, it explores ways to improve extraction efficiency while also examining the relationship between component structure and biological activity. Rooted in the fundamental theories of traditional Chinese medicine and harmonized with contemporary extraction technologies, it follows the principle that “quality originates from design,” ensuring stringent control over the extraction process.ConclusionThis article analyzes extraction technologies, factors influencing extraction efficiency, and quality control measures, establishing a theoretical basis for achieving high‐quality and high‐yield extraction processes.
Necrotizing pneumonia‐a rare but complex complication in bronchiectasis patients
Authors: Tran‐Le Quoc‐Khanh , Vu‐Hoai Nam , Nguyen‐Ho Lam , Duong‐Minh Ngoc , Nguyen‐Thi Phung 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPneumonia occurs commonly in bronchiectasis patients with exacerbation, though necrotizing pneumonia remains rare. This report presents two cases of bronchiectasis complicated by necrotizing pneumonia. The first case involves a 39‐year‐old female with bronchiectasis due to primary ciliary dyskinesia. She presented with severe chest pain and persistent fever unresponsive to oral antibiotics. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed necrotizing pneumonia with associated empyema, necessitating prolonged antibiotic therapy, pleural drainage and ultimately surgical decortication. The second case is a 39‐year‐old male with bronchiectasis following ammonia inhalation injury, presenting with pleuritic chest pain and productive cough, with a CT scan showing consolidation with low attenuation areas. Intensive antibiotic treatment was required, alongside corticosteroids and inhaled antibiotics afterward. These cases demonstrate the importance of identifying risk factors for necrotizing pneumonia in bronchiectasis patients. Tailoring treatment strategies, including extending antibiotic regimens, using inhaled antibiotics, and administering corticosteroids, is essential to mitigate poor outcomes.
Localization of micro bronchial stump fistulas via guidewire exploration: A case report
Authors: Wang Jieqiong , Hang Yan , He Zhongliang , Xin Shunxin , Peng Congbin , Mo Guohong , Xu Weihua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBronchopleural fistula (BPF), a common complication of lobectomy, is a pathological communication between the bronchus and the pleural space. The bronchial stump fistula (BSF), which is located on the bronchial stump, is a specific type of BPF. BSF can be directly diagnosed via bronchoscopy. However, identification becomes difficult when the BSF is very small (less than 1 mm), referred to as micro BSF in this study because it cannot be found during bronchoscopic exploration. This clinical dilemma easily leads to misdiagnosis of BSF. In this paper, a new procedure for locating micro BSFs using guidewire exploration was reported. This innovative approach involves the use of a guidewire to detect suspected micro BSFs. If the guidewire successfully penetrates the bronchial stump, it indicates the presence of a micro BSF; otherwise, there is none. After precise localization of three micro BSFs, submucosal injection of lauromacrogol around them was performed followed by thoracic fenestration.
Pandemic‐Related Stress Increases PTSD and Depression Risk in Traumatic Injury Patients: A Comparative Study of Pre‐ and Peri‐Pandemic Trauma Cases
Authors: Zapata Juan Pablo , Tomas Carissa W. , Timmer‐Murillo Sydney , deRoon Cassini Terri A. , Larson Christine , Torres Lucas , Brandolino Amber , Geier Timothy , Khan Hason , Schramm Andrew T. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe COVID‐19 pandemic significantly impacted the psychological well‐being of the general population. However, there are limited studies that examine its mental health effects on patients who have experienced traumatic injuries and tracked their recovery over time. This study aimed to: (1) compare the rates and severity of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression between patients who sustained traumatic injuries before the COVID‐19 pandemic (pre‐pandemic) and those injured during the pandemic (peri‐pandemic); and (2) assess whether the degree of pandemic‐related stress (e.g., worry about infection, social isolation, loss of home/job) predicted the severity of PTSD or depression symptoms. Participants (N = 198) were recruited from a Level 1 Trauma Centre in Southeastern Wisconsin following admission for a single‐incident traumatic injury. Symptoms of PTSD and depression were assessed during hospitalisation and at three additional points within the subsequent 6 months. Self‐report measures were used to evaluate PTSD and depression severity among patients injured before (pre‐pandemic; n = 126) and during (peri‐pandemic; n = 73) the pandemic. Peri‐pandemic participants also completed a modified version of the COVID‐19 Family Stress Screener to measure pandemic‐related stress. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify the dimensions of pandemic‐related stress in our sample. The findings indicated that participants injured during the pandemic exhibited higher symptoms of PTSD and depression compared to those injured before the pandemic. Additionally, greater pandemic‐related stress correlated with elevated levels of depression and PTSD at baseline. Our results highlight that the broader context in which patients recover from injuries can intensify the negative mental health consequences of traumatic injury. This underscores the need for enhanced access to psychological services for trauma patients, particularly during major societal stressors like a global pandemic.
Overall Comparison Between Germany and Japan in Relation to Social Impact of Connected and Automated Driving
Authors: Takashi Oguchi , Shoichi Suzuki , Eisenmann Christine , Fleischer Torsten 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe chapter “Setting the Scene for Automated Mobility: A Comparative Introduction to the Mobility Systems in Germany and Japan” provides an overview of the framework conditions characterizing the transport systems in Germany and Japan. Following two chapters investigate relation of the governance style to regulatory changes and resource allocation in the new technology development in Japan, and a business analysis and prognosis of the ride hailing market in Germany. The chapter 5 discusses the social acceptance of CAD based on the common survey conducted both in Japan and Germany. Following two chapters include the investigations on various parameters of the German transport system applying three consecutive transport models and scenario analyses, and the effects of the diffusion of CAD on the Japanese transport system applying a model developed by the authors in charge. Based on the discussions above, this chapter discuses several points relating to public expectations, touching on the similarities and differences between Germany and Japan; such as public acceptance affecting CAD diffusion, common expectations of groups and individuals, attitude of car industry, mobility services expected to be realized, differences in forms of residence, decision-making toward diffusion, expectations for the type of CAD initially introduced, forming a correct understanding of CAD by citizens, and risks that may affect expectations.
Herschel Observing Time Proposals
Authors: Pilbratt Göran , García-Lario Pedro , Parmar Arvind 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAfter an introduction to the ESA Herschel Space Observatory including a mission overview, science objectives, results and productivity we examine the process and outcomes of the announcements of observing opportunities (AOs). For Herschel, in common with other ESA observatories, there were no rules, quotas, or guidelines for the allocation of observing time based on the geographical location of the lead proposer’s institute, gender, or seniority (“academic age”); scientific excellence was the most important single factor. We investigate whether and how success rates vary with these (“other”) parameters. Due to the relatively short operational duration of Herschel—compared to XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL—in addition to the pre-launch AO in 2007 there was just two further AOs, in 2010 and 2011. In order to extend the time-frame we compare results with those from the ESA Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) whose time allocation took place approximately 15 years earlier.
Dark Night of the Universal: transition (1927–1938) as Region of the Modern
Authors: Watten Barrett 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn taking up the international modernist journal transition (1927–1938), edited by Eugene Jolas, I begin with the editorial project of constructing a space between and among the literatures of three world languages: English, French, and German (coinciding, in fact, with the editor’s trilingual background as an emigrant from Alsace-Lorraine to the United States), on the way to a global universal. The disparity between the basic presuppositions of these literatures—for instance, between American objectivism and French surrealism—demands a higher level of interpretation, which I compare to a geographical “region” of the modern. As Jolas’s project continues through the decade of the 1930s and into the War, I see an attempt to construct aesthetic/ethical universals from the juxtaposition of global literatures that anticipates the postwar demand for ethical/political universals, in which Jolas himself participated as a journalistic reformer in Germany and as a reporter for the Nuremberg Trials.
The Role of the Court of Justice in Shaping the Right to Maintain Family Unity for Beneficiaries of International Protection
Authors: Voinich Alessia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe right to maintain family unity is one of the inherent guarantees of the content of international protection provided for in Chapter VII of the Qualifications Directive. This right extends to both refugees and beneficiaries of subsidiary protection, safeguarding the integrity of family units already present within the member state offering protection.This inclusion of family unity within the framework of international protection reflects a more specific application of broader principles enshrined in instruments like the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (Art. 7 and 24) and the European Convention on Human Rights (Art. 8). Notably, the Geneva Convention itself lacks an analogous provision, though the Final Act of the UN Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Status of Refugees and Stateless Persons emphasizes family unity as an ‘essential right’ for refugees and urges the States to protect it.However, ensuring the practical application of this right presents significant challenges. The Qualifications Directive (Directive 2011/95/EU) mandates member states to uphold family unity yet setting specific conditions and delegating aspects to national laws (para. II). This has resulted in a complex body of case law from the Court of Justice, which has navigated this tension and developed innovative legal solutions within asylum law.This Chapter delves into this landscape and examines how the Court has addressed issues such as the flexibility of member states in establishing more favorable national regimes (para. III), the complex link between family member rights and the asylum right of their relative who is a beneficiary of international protection (para. IV), and situations where responsibility for international protection and for ensuring family unity falls on different member states (para. V).Finally, the Chapter will examine the impact of recent reforms within the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) on this evolving legal landscape (para. VI) and some concluding remarks will be drawn (para. VII).
Guardianship of Children in the Context of Migration in Hungary
Authors: Szeibert Orsolya 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter explains the legal framework on guardianship for unaccompanied minor refugees in Hungary and deals with the real-life experiences of being an unaccompanied minor. The legal framework is fragmented and has continuously been such in the last decade. The situation of these children in Hungary was severely altered in the mid-2010s by several legal acts that contained special provisions for the “crisis situation caused by mass immigration”, and the (negative) effects of these provisions on minors are clearly pointed out in the chapter. These effects have been seen in the field of guardianship and other child protection measures and the prolongation of the crisis situation caused by mass immigration influences all legal sources which determine children’s rights. The chapter highlights the amendment of the child protection law and the implementation of children’s rights in case of unaccompanied minors. Some special legal protections of refugees from Ukraine are analysed as well. The chapter can be considered as a snapshot of how the situation of unaccompanied children is developing, and to which legal and temporal changes they and children’s rights are exposed to.
Advancing 3D Mesh Analysis: A Graph Learning Approach for Intersecting 3D Geometry Classification
Authors: Böhm Stefan Andreas , Neumayer Martin , Zagar Bare Luka , Riß Fabian , Kortüm Christian , Knoll Alois 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDriven by increasing customer demands, manufacturing processes now encompass increasingly intricate workflows. The industry uses computer-aided process planning to manage these complex manufacturing processes effectively. A crucial task here is to analyze product data and determine the required machining features, represented as 3D mesh geometries. However, a notable challenge arises, particularly with custom products, where the interpretation of the 3D mesh geometry varies significantly depending on the available machinery and expert preferences. This study introduces a configurable automated feature recognition framework based on expert knowledge. Experts can use a configurable synthetic data generator to encode their requirements within this framework via the training data. A machine-learning graph classification approach is used to recognize the 3D geometries of machining features in the generated data, based on to the user requirements. The system accomplishes this without requiring for data conversion into alternative formats, such as voxel or pixel representations, like other approaches are forced to.
Dense Road Surface Grip Map Prediction from Multimodal Image Data
Authors: Maanpää Jyri , Pesonen Julius , Hyyti Heikki , Melekhov Iaroslav , Kannala Juho , Manninen Petri , Kukko Antero , Hyyppä Juha 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSlippery road weather conditions are prevalent in many regions and cause a regular risk for traffic. Still, there has been less research on how autonomous vehicles could detect slippery driving conditions on the road to drive safely. In this work, we propose a method to predict a dense grip map from the area in front of the car, based on postprocessed multimodal sensor data. We trained a convolutional neural network to predict pixelwise grip values from fused RGB camera, thermal camera, and LiDAR reflectance images, based on weakly supervised ground truth from an optical road weather sensor.The experiments show that it is possible to predict dense grip values with good accuracy from the used data modalities as the produced grip map follows both ground truth measurements and local weather conditions, such as snowy areas on the road. The model using only the RGB camera or LiDAR reflectance modality provided good baseline results for grip prediction accuracy while using models fusing the RGB camera, thermal camera, and LiDAR modalities improved the grip predictions significantly.
Oxyresveratrol and/or Dapagliflozin Attenuate Doxorubicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Modulation of PPAR-γ/Nrf-2/HO-1, NF-κB/TNF-α/Keap-1, and Bcl-2/Caspase-3/ATG-5 signaling pathways in rats
Authors: El-Sawy Waleed S M , Khalaf Marwa M , El-Bahrawy Ali H , Messiha Basim A S , Hemeida Ramadan A M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Among the most undesirable effects that lead to the restriction of doxorubicin (DOX) use in chemotherapy is kidney damage. This research aimed to assess the possible defenses against DOX-induced nephrotoxicity offered by oxyresveratrol (ORES) and/or dapagliflozin (DAPA).

Methods
Five groups of eight male Swiss albino rats each were created from a total of sixty-four. One intravenous injection of DOX (10 mg/kg) was given into the tail vein on the fourteenth day of the experiment; in the meantime, ORES (80 mg/kg) and DAPA (10 mg/kg) were given orally 14 days prior to the DOX injection and 2 days following the DOX injection.

Results
In rats given DOX, ORES and/or DAPA both successfully reduced the kidney weight, kidney/bodyweight ratio, and blood levels of creatinine, uric acid, and urea. They also increased final body weight and albumin serum levels. Additionally, lower serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were noted, along with a lower kidney content of caspase-3. Furthermore, the expression of the Bcl-2 gene was upregulated, as were the Nrf-2, PPAR-γ, and HO-1 proteins, and there was a downregulation of the ATG-5, Keap-1, and NF-κB renal gene expression. These findings support a decrease in oxidative stress and relief of histopathological alterations.

Conclusion
The current study’s findings suggest that ORES and/or DAPA pretreatment could be a viable therapeutic approach to ameliorate DOX-induced nephrotoxicity.