bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maintenance of Cardiac Microenvironmental Homeostasis: A Joint Battle of Multiple Cells
Authors: Yao Jiayu , Zhang Youtao , Wang Ziwen , Chen Yuejun , Shi Xingjuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTVarious cells such as cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells constitute integral components of cardiac tissue. The health and stability of cardiac ecosystem are ensured by the action of a certain type of cell and the intricate interactions between multiple cell types. The dysfunctional cells exert a profound impact on the development of cardiovascular diseases by involving in the pathological process. In this paper, we introduce the dynamic activity, cell surface markers as well as biological function of the various cells in the heart. Besides, we discuss the multiple signaling pathways involved in the cardiac injury including Hippo/YAP, TGF‐β/Smads, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK signaling. The complexity of different cell types poses a great challenge to the disease treatment. By characterizing the roles of various cell types in cardiovascular diseases, we sought to discuss the potential strategies for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
The Cyclic and Episodic Transition of Strong El Niño and Implications for South American Precipitation During Their Peak and Decay Stages
Authors: Mamani Leonardo , Andreoli Rita V. , de Souza Itamara Parente , Kayano Mary Toshie , Cevalho Wallace , Sales Djanir , Ferreira de Souza Rodrigo A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe mechanisms associated with the transitions of strong El Niño (EN) events and their implications for the South American precipitation were investigated for the 1950–2023 period. Strong EN events exhibit cyclic or episodic characteristics in their transitions. Cyclic EN events are both preceded and followed by La Niña (LN) conditions, whereas episodic EN events are preceded by neutral conditions, with a more uncertain transition following. For cyclic EN, tropical Pacific mechanisms initiates and peak warming in the eastern tropical Pacific from austral winter to early summer. In contrast, for episodic EN, coupled subtropical and tropical Pacific mechanisms, respectively, initiate and peak warming in the central tropical Pacific from autumn to late summer. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) mean state modulates EN's decay stage. During the +PDO mean state, cyclones in the eastern subtropical Pacific of both hemispheres sustain the warming of episodic EN, whereas during the −PDO mean state, anticyclones in the eastern subtropical Pacific accelerate the decay of cyclic EN, favouring its transition to an LN. These mechanisms explain why episodic EN initiates earlier, peaks later, is more intense and decays more slowly than cyclic EN. During an episodic EN summer, the strengthened atmospheric circulation maintains the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) north of the equator, causing persistent negative precipitation anomalies in north–northeastern South America (SA) until the following winter, while positive precipitation anomalies in southeastern SA are driven by south–southeastward moisture transport from equatorial Atlantic. Conversely, during a cyclic EN summer, negative (positive) precipitation anomalies impact north–northwestern (southeastern) SA; however, the anomalous atmospheric circulation and precipitation in SA quickly return to normal conditions in the autumn, and positive precipitation anomalies appear in northern SA in the following winter. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for predicting EN's future changes and, consequently, their potential socio‐economic impacts globally.
Desertification Reduces Organic Carbon Content and Nutrient Availability in Dryland Soils: Evidence From a Survey in the Amu Darya River Basin
Authors: Zhang Peng , He Mingzhu , Wang Jin , Huang Lei , Yang Haotian , Song Guang , Zhao Jiecai , Li Xinrong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDesertification degrades drylands, undermining ecosystem services and human well‐being as a serious global issue. Assessing desertification impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) and properties aids in preserving drylands and combating desertification. However, knowledge gaps persist regarding desertification effects on SOC and soil in Central Asia's Amu Darya River Basin. Surveys across ~1000 km in this region showed that desertification decreased SOC by ~52% versus natural vegetation. Desertification also reduced nutrient availability and altered hydrothermal conditions, pH, stoichiometry, and herbaceous richness. In particular, it decreased soil clay and silt while increasing sand content. Regional climate change and prolonged grazing are primary desertification drivers here. These pronounced impacts on soils and vegetation may threaten ecological processes and services. Our findings contribute to dryland restoration efforts and resilience against desertification.
Seagrasses under stress: Independent negative effects of elevated temperature and light reduction at multiple levels of organization
Authors: Bass Alissa V. , Falkenberg Laura J. , Thibodeau Benoit 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSeagrasses are important foundation species, which support coastal biodiversity and provide socioeconomic benefits. However, seagrasses are threatened by anthropogenic changes, including the elevated temperature associated with marine heatwaves (MHWs) and light limitation from eutrophication or increased sedimentation. In this experiment, we exposed the seagrass Halophila ovalis to 10‐d of elevated temperature, simulating a MHW, and three light intensities to examine the impacts on multiple levels of organization, that is, growth, productivity, nitrogen cycling, and leaf microbiome. We found that both the MHW temperature and decreased light independently negatively impacted seagrass growth of new leaves, with decreased light also reducing new leaf area and rhizome elongation rate, and the occurrence of MHW temperatures increasing the rate of leaf loss. Similarly, chlorophyll concentration was altered by both stressors independently, with a common response to reduced light (increased chlorophyll concentration) significantly lower under the MHW temperature. Nitrogen assimilation rate into the leaves also decreased under both MHW temperature and reduced light availability. The leaf microbiome shifted in response to the MHW temperature and lower light, with these conditions prompting relatively more anaerobic microbes but less oxidative stress‐tolerant bacteria, and less prokaryotes performing phototrophy and (oxygenic) photoautotrophy. In conclusion, we show elevated temperature representing a MHW and light limitation can drive decreased seagrass growth, chlorophyll concentration, and cause shifts in leaf microbial functional groups, although there was little interaction between stressors. It is therefore important that good water clarity and habitat health is maintained to reduce the susceptibility of seagrasses to extreme climatic events.
Structural Insight on the Selectivity of Calyx[4]Arene‐Based Inhibitors of Mg2+−Dependent Atp‐Hydrolases
Authors: Rayevsky Alexey , Platonov Maksym , Elijah Bulgakov , Volochnyuk Dmytro , Veklich Tetyana , Cherenok Sergiy , Rodik Roman , Kalchenko Vitaliy , Kosterin Sergiy 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLocated in plasma membranes, ATP hydrolases are involved in several dynamic transport processes, helping to control the movement of ions across cell membranes. ATP hydrolase acts as a transport protein, converting energy from ATP hydrolysis into transport molecules against their concentration gradients. In addition to energy metabolism and active transport, ATP hydrolase is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and cell function. This study focused on the domain architecture model of P‐type ATPases, which participate in the reaction cycles of ATP hydrolysis carried out by membrane transport systems – Na+, K+‐ATPase and Ca2+, Mg2+‐ATPase. Targeted modulation of Na+, K+‐ATPase and Ca2+, Mg2+‐ATPase by unnatural drugs is of greatest interest due to the lack of known effectors. This new discovery presents a convenient model based on our recent experimental studies of the membrane structures and myocytes of the uterine smooth muscle, the myometrium. This current study strongly supports the fact that nanosized calix[4]arenes functionalised on the upper rings of the macrocycle with biologically active phosphonic acid fragments can serve as selective and potent inhibitors of cation‐transporting electroenzymes. This is how we discovered that calix[4]arene of methylenebisphosphonic acid C‐97 and calix[4]arene of bis‐aminophosphonic acid C‐107 selectively and effectively (I0.5 <100 nM) inhibit the activity of Mg2+, ATP‐dependent electrogenic Na+ K+ plasma membrane pump. As drug discovery in the field of Mg2+‐ATPase inhibitors is uncharted territory, basic research holds the key to explaining and predicting the mechanism of interaction and action of different classes of compounds. In light of the presented results, new calix[4]arene compounds can be used as potent inhibitors of Mg2+, ATP‐dependent electrogenic ion pumps.
GLP‐1 enhances β‐cell response to protein ingestion and bariatric surgery amplifies it
Authors: Rayas Maria , Pezzica Samantha , Honka Henri , Carli Fabrizia , Peterson Richard , DeFronzo Ralph , Gastaldelli Amalia , Salehi Marzieh 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe glycemic‐independent actions of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) in the prandial state in humans are unknown. We examined the contribution of GLP‐1 to β‐cell secretory response (primary endpoint) and glucose metabolism during protein ingestion under basal glycemia, as well as whether these responses are affected by rerouted gut after gastric bypass (GB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG).MethodsInsulin secretion rate (ISR) and glucose fluxes during a 50‐g oral protein load were compared among 10 nondiabetic individuals with GB, 9 with SG, and 7 non‐operated controls (CN), with and without intravenous infusion of exendin(9‐39) (Ex‐9), a GLP‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) antagonist.ResultsBlocking GLP‐1R increased glucose before and after protein ingestion and decreased β‐cell sensitivity to glucose in the first 30 min of protein ingestion in all three groups (p < 0.05). Reduction in the premeal ISR by Ex‐9 infusion was only observed in CN, whereas diminished prandial ISR3h by GLP‐1R blockade was only observed in GB and SG (p < 0.05 for interaction). GLP‐1R blockade enhanced post‐protein insulin action in GB and SG, but not in CN, and exaggerated endogenous glucose production only GB (p < 0.05 for interaction).ConclusionsThese findings are consistent with both pancreatic and extra‐pancreatic roles for GLP‐1 during protein ingestion in humans that are exaggerated by bariatric surgery.image
Event‐Triggered Control for Stabilization of Semilinear N‐D Reaction‐Convection‐Diffusion PDE by Switching
Authors: Kang Wen , Fridman Emilia , Zhang Jing , Wang Jun‐Min 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses a switched sampled‐data control design for stabilization of the N‐dimensional (N‐D) semilinear heat equation with a mobile actuator. It is supposed that discrete‐time averaged measurements are available. The system is known to be stabilizable by the static output‐feedback employing several distributed in space actuators and sensors, but is not stabilizable by only one of the actuator‐sensor pairs. Does there exist a switching stabilizing static output‐feedback such that at all times, only one actuator‐sensor pair is active? In our recent paper we gave a positive answer and found the appropriate switching sampled‐data time‐triggered control law for the one‐dimensional (1‐D) case. In this paper, to enlarge the time between switching (which means to reduce the frequency of actuator moving to the active domain), we present an event‐triggered control for stabilization by switching. Moreover, we extend the results for stabilization by switching to the N‐D case. Numerical examples show that the switching‐based event‐triggered controller essentially decreases the frequency of the actuator moving compared to the time‐triggered controller, reducing operating costs.
Type I Porous Liquids with Super‐Low Viscosities: the Construction through a Rather Simple One‐Step Covalent Linkage Strategy and Its Facile Regulation by a Mixed‐Ligand Strategy
Authors: Wang Dechao , Xin Yangyang , Fan Wendi , Li Peipei , Zhou Wenwu , Liu Jianwei , Qian Libing , Ning Hailong , Zhang Yating , Ying Yunpan , Yao Dongdong , Yang Zhiyuan , Zheng Yaping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPorous liquids (PLs) are a novel class of flowing liquid systems that possess accessible permanent porosity, exhibiting great prospects in gas capture and separation. Nevertheless, the further development of PLs lies in the facile synthesis and regulation of PLs with low viscosities. Herein, a novel strategy of preparing type I PLs with super‐low viscosity is proposed through a simple one‐step covalent linkage reaction using UiO‐66‐NH2 as the pore generator and monoglycidyl ether terminated polydimethylsiloxane (E‐PDMS) as the sterically hindered solvent, respectively. More importantly, the idea that PLs can be regulated like advanced porous materials (APMs) is proposed and demonstrated, that is, PLs can be regulated by modulating pore generators with the mixed‐ligands method. As expected, the resultant PLs not only demonstrate a promising potential in CO2 sorption as a flowing sorbent but also exhibit a superior CO2/N2 selective separation. Meanwhile, positron annihilation lifetime spectrum (PALS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further verify the accessible permanent porosity and the favorable CO2 selective sorption. This work provides a simple and facile method to prepare type I PLs with super‐low viscosities, shedding light on the precise regulation of PLs toward task‐specific applications.
Precision Control of Cell Type‐Specific Behavior via RNA Sensing and Editing
Authors: Xiao Lulu , Qin Bo , Zhang Xinyue , Yao Yufeng , Dou Xiaoyan , Liu Yuchen , Duan Xuanchu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the realms of bioengineering and biopharmaceuticals, there exists a critical demand for advanced genetic tools that can interact with specific cell signaling pathways to accurately identify and target various cell types. This research introduces the innovative CRISPR‐ADAReader system, which enables precise manipulation of cell activity through sensing target RNA. Featuring both positive and negative feedback loops, the system allows for tailored regulation across different cell types in response to various internal signals, showcasing exceptional programmability, specificity, and sensitivity. By choosing distinct RNAs as activation signals, the CRISPR‐ADAReader efficiently monitors and alters targeted cell behaviors. In a case study focusing on retinoblastoma treatment, the system distinctively initiates positive feedback and self‐silencing actions by detecting MCYN and Rb transcripts, thus safeguarding normal retinal pigment epithelial cells while promoting apoptosis in cancer cells. Moreover, the CRISPR‐ADAReader demonstrates significant anti‐tumor effectiveness in live models, markedly reducing retinoblastoma cell proliferation through the activation of several cancer‐suppression pathways, outperforming the capabilities of the ADAR‐sensor. Notably, the system also shows an excellent in vivo safety profile. In conclusion, the CRISPR‐ADAReader system represents a groundbreaking method for the detection and editing of RNA, offering a potent instrument for the customized and precise governance of cell behavior.
Reparaturschweißen an Brücken im Betrieb
Authors: Begemann Florian , Unglaub Julian , Hensel Jonas , Thiele Klaus 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn Stahlbrücken treten infolge von zunehmenden Verkehrsbelastungen sowie Konstruktions‐ und Ausführungsmängeln immer wieder Ermüdungsschäden in Schweißnähten auf. Zur Ausführung der Instandsetzungsarbeiten muss die Brücke beim Neuverschweißen für den Verkehr gesperrt werden, um Bewegungen an den Rissflanken zu vermeiden. Schweißarbeiten bei laufendem Verkehr sind nach heutigem Stand der Technik noch nicht zulässig, da bisher nur unzureichende Kenntnisse über erreichbare Nahtgüten und Schwingfestigkeiten betriebsgeschweißter Schweißnähte vorlagen. Ziel ist es, sichere Methoden bereitzustellen, die Schweißarbeiten an Stahlkonstruktionen unter fließendem Verkehr bzw. unter zyklischer Belastung erlauben. Als Grundlage wurden Messungen an einer repräsentativen Stahlbrücke durchgeführt, um realitätsnahe Spaltöffnungsparameter für umfangreiche Schweißversuche unter zyklischer Belastung abzuleiten. Dabei stellt die Beschreibung des Rissverhaltens und der Kraftumverteilung beim Betriebsschweißen eine besondere Herausforderung im Labor dar. Zur Quantifizierung des Einflusses unterschiedlicher Schweißrandbedingungen wurden die experimentellen Untersuchungen unter reiner Weg‐ sowie Kraftregelung umgesetzt. In beiden Grenzfällen konnten normgerechte Schweißnahtqualitäten und Ermüdungsfestigkeiten erreicht werden, die die technische Umsetzbarkeit von Betriebsschweißungen unter Einhaltung definierter Randbedingungen belegen.
A Comprehensive Review on Fouling of Heat Transfer Units in Sugar Factory Ethanol Plant: Mechanisms and Mitigation Methods
Authors: Abo Lata Deso , Hailegiorgis Sintayehu Mekuria , Gindaba Gadissa Tokuma , Jayakumar Mani , Prabhu Sundramurthy Venkatesa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFouling in heat transfer units has a negative economic impact. Many scale‐forming impurities are present in cane molasses generated by sugar cane production technology, including cations of aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), as well as anions of carbonates, sulfites, phosphates, sulfate, silicates, and chlorides. Ca cations, in particular, form insoluble complexes with many other chemical constituents, making them a scale‐forming impurity. The accumulation of Ca ion on the heat exchanger's surface could increase heat transfer resistance and reduce its overall efficiency. This article reviews many types of heat‐transmitting unit fouling and their successive fouling occurrences. Identifying the chemicals found in scale deposits helps to determine which cleaning products will effectively clean heat transfer units and which scale inhibitors will drastically lower scale formation rates. Furthermore, numerous unit operations and unit processes, such as molasses pre‐treatment and pre‐fermentation practice (inoculation of yeast), followed by fermentation practice, and product purification practice distillation, are used to limit deposit formation and boost ethanol production efficiency. Molasses pre‐treatment and treatment such as chemical treatment, heat treatment, acid centrifugation, and mechanical treatment are critical in decreasing scale development during heat exchange operations.
Screen Media, Obesity, and Nutrition
Authors: Staiano Amanda E. , Button Alyssa M. , Goldfield Gary S. , Robinson Thomas N. , Mota Jorge , Woolford Susan J. , Katzmarzyk Peter T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an update on and the synthesis of the most current evidence on screen use, nutritional intake, and obesity in youth. The strongest evidence of a mechanism linking screen media use to obesity is through repeated exposures to unhealthy food marketing and excess eating while viewing screens. Evidence of the neurocognitive effects on dietary consumption via the effects of executive function, satiety, and memory is emerging. Interventions to reduce children’s screen time or to incorporate screen media into improving nutrition and obesity outcomes have had mixed results. The evidence base is also limited by imprecise measurements of screen use and a focus on the total duration of screen use without capturing the type, content, quality, or interactivity. Recommendations are offered to researchers, clinicians, providers, policymakers, advocates, and industry leaders to develop and validate accurate methods to capture the content, context, functions, timing, and quantity of children’s screen time to better understand linkages to children’s dietary intake and dietary habits; to counsel families on health boundaries for screen media use; to develop effective strategies to reduce sedentary screen use; and to expand parental control features and regulate industry to limit children’s exposure to food marketing and food placement on screen media.
Digital Therapeutics in Child Psychiatry: Harnessing Technology to Treat Pediatric Mental Health
Authors: Gansner Meredith , Jacobson Nicholas C. , Marsch Lisa A. , Kulman Randy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Innovations in interface design have made digital mediums increasingly appealing to children and adolescents. Today’s youth adapt quickly to new digital technologies, from smartphones to video game consoles. These factors have fueled interest in digital therapeutics to augment existing treatment modalities for various pediatric diseases. Digital therapeutics use gamification, momentary symptom assessment, and sensor-based data collection to provide immediate feedback to users in order to teach skills and manage maladaptive thoughts and behaviors. The first Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved digital therapeutic for child mental health, EndeavorRx, was approved in 2020 for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-associated symptoms. Other promising digital treatments include ecological momentary intervention (EMI) protocols for depression and anxiety and as mindfulness-based interventions for substance use disorders (SUDs). Despite the surging interest in digital therapeutics for mental health, their efficacy remains mostly unclear. Independent clinical trials are few in number, and it is challenging to compare studies that use different study populations, methodologies, and/or outcome measures. Outstanding issues of data security, digital literacy, and lack of clinician familiarity further limit incorporation of digital therapeutics into the clinical setting. Collaborative problem-solving between private industry, researchers, clinicians, and policymakers will be critical in order to ensure the creation of both efficacious technologies and equitable access.
Youth Digital Wellbeing and Social Connectedness
Authors: Charmaraman Linda , Nesi Jacqueline , Schueller Stephen M. , Choukas-Bradley Sophia , Hernandez J. Maya , Davis Katie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As social status and peer feedback-seeking are developmentally salient aspects of adolescence, social media has become a highly relevant arena for youth to explore their identities and social selves. Contrary to popular notions that social media inherently decreases opportunities to meaningfully connect with others “in real life,” this chapter conceptualizes how youth digital wellbeing can be intricately tied to social connectedness in both adaptive and maladaptive ways. Studies using different methodologies report mixed findings: social media can either increase wellbeing or contribute to poor wellbeing, depending on context. Studies have begun to move beyond primarily measuring the quantity of time spent, using more longitudinal and ecological momentary-sampling designs as well as focusing more on specific online behaviors that help or hinder youth wellbeing. Qualitative research has revealed that social media can provide critically important sources of connection for youth with marginalized identities; more quantitative research is needed to further investigate mechanisms. Rather than focus exclusively on risk prevention, research on social media use can instead be at the forefront of innovations that promote wellbeing and heightened social connectedness. We review the current state of research, including limitations, future directions, and recommendations for key stakeholders, including clinicians, educators, policymakers, and industry.