bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation without sphincterotomy for users of antithrombotic agents: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Hakuta Ryunosuke , Kogure Hirofumi , Nakai Yousuke , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Noguchi Kensaku , Saito Kei , Saito Tomotaka , Takahara Naminatsu , Mizuno Suguru , Yagioka Hiroshi , Ito Yukiko , Tada Minoru , Isayama Hiroyuki , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2018

Background and AimWith an aging population, an increasing number of individuals on antithrombotic agents are diagnosed with large bile duct stones. Studies have shown the effectiveness of endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) for removal of large bile duct stones. EPLBD without endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) may reduce the risk of procedure‐related bleeding, but the safety of this procedure for users of antithrombotic agents remains unclear.MethodsIn this multicenter retrospective study, we included patients who underwent EPLBD without EST for bile duct stones between March 2008 and December 2017. We compared adverse events and other clinical outcomes between users and non‐users of antithrombotic agents (antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants).ResultsWe analyzed a total of 144 patients (47 users and 97 non‐users of antithrombotic agents). Among the users, the agents were continued in 13% and were replaced with heparin in 62% during the periprocedural period. We did not observe clinically significant bleeding and thrombotic events irrespective of the use of antithrombotic agents. Overall rate of early adverse events did not differ between users and non‐users (6.4% and 7.2%, P = 0.99). Procedural outcomes did not differ between the groups (necessity for lithotripsy, 28% vs. 29%; and complete stone removal in a single session, 72% vs. 71%, for users and non‐users, respectively).ConclusionsEndoscopic papillary large balloon dilation without EST may be done without a substantial increase in procedure‐related bleeding for users of antithrombotic agents. A larger study is required to refine the management strategy for those agents during the periprocedural period.
Early executive functioning in a global context: Developmental continuity and family protective factors
Authors: Obradović Jelena , Finch Jenna E. , Portilla Ximena A. , Rasheed Muneera A. , Tirado‐Strayer Nicole , Yousafzai Aisha K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study extends the methodological and theoretical understanding of executive functions (EFs) in preschoolers from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC). First, the authors describe a rigorous process of adapting and evaluating six EF tasks to produce a culturally and developmentally appropriate measure of emerging EFs in a large sample of at‐risk children in rural Pakistan. Next, the authors identify critical developmental and family factors that relate to preschoolers’ EFs over the first 4 years of life. Direct assessment of children's general cognitive skills at age two showed developmental continuity with EFs at age four, and these early cognitive skills mediated the effect of an antecedent parenting intervention on EFs as well as associations of targeted individual and family factors with EFs. Furthermore, directly assessed maternal cognitive capacities and observed maternal scaffolding uniquely predicted EFs in preschoolers. This study is also the first to demonstrate a significant overlap between direct assessments of IQ and EFs in young children from LMIC. Children's general intelligence mediated the associations of EFs with antecedent physical growth and cognitive skills as well as concurrent family factors (maternal verbal intelligence, maternal scaffolding, and home stimulation). After controlling for shared variance between preschoolers’ general intelligence and EFs, three factors emerged as unique predictors of EFs: exposure to an early parenting intervention, physical growth status at age two, and number of older siblings. The findings have important implications for the design of interventions that aim to improve EFs in young children in LMIC. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://vimeo.com/316329544/5abde94cd7
Are newer insulin analogues better for people with Type 1 diabetes?
Authors: Misra S. , Mathieu C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAchieving optimal blood glucose control in Type 1 diabetes is a delicate balance between ensuring tight glycaemic control and achieving this without the expense of hypoglycaemia and weight gain, two major factors impacting quality of life. This is a real challenge for people with Type 1 diabetes and underpins many of the struggles they face in self‐managing on a day‐to‐day basis. The main goals of insulin delivery are to try to simulate the physiology of β‐cell insulin secretion as closely as possible and to overcome the challenges of peripheral insulin administration by achieving rapidity of onset with mealtime insulins and stability of the glucose‐lowering effects of long‐acting insulins. Since the early days of human insulin use, there have been many developments in insulin formulations that aim to achieve these goals as much as possible, thus contributing to better glycaemic control whilst minimizing hypoglycaemia. In the present review we discuss the currently available insulin analogues and the challenges of achieving glucose control using current analogues in those on multiple daily injections, and appraise the evidence base for newer‐generation insulin analogues, such as insulin degludec, glargine U300, faster‐acting insulin aspart and BioChaperone lispro. We also highlight new insulins in development and unmet needs in people with Type 1 diabetes.
Aortopulmonary window in tetralogy of Fallot with absent conal septum
Authors: Aurigemma David , Dixon Chandler , Tucker Suzanne , Davis Christopher , Silverman Norman 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundAortopulmonary window is a rare conotruncal defect that is often associated with other congenital heart defects. We present a patient with a previously unreported combination of aortopulmonary window with tetralogy of Fallot with an absent conal septum.Case PresentationA term, 2.4 kg newborn male infant presented at a community hospital with cyanosis unresponsive to supplemental oxygen. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated a conotruncal defect with a large conoventricular ventricular septal defect and an over‐riding, dysplastic aortic valve. The main pulmonary artery (MPA) appeared to arise from left facing sinus of the aortic valve, with confluent yet hypoplastic right and left branch pulmonary arteries. There was no evidence of prograde flow into the MPA in systole, though there did appear to be retrograde flow in diastole from the patent ductus. The patient underwent multiple advanced imaging studies, and the diagnosis was not fully elucidated. Postmortem examination demonstrated morphology consistent with Tetralogy of Fallot with the absence of the conal septum. There were two distinct semilunar valves in fibrous continuity with an aortopulmonary window immediately cephalad to the valve.DiscussionThe rare combination of defects and the patient's size made the anatomic diagnosis by conventional imaging challenging. However, retrospective review of imaging studies did demonstrate anatomic features seen by direct examination of the specimen.
Beech leaf disease: An emerging forest epidemic
Authors: Ewing Carrie J. , Hausman Constance E. , Pogacnik John , Slot Jason , Bonello Pierluigi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBeech leaf disease (BLD) is a currently undiagnosed and seemingly lethal disease that was discovered in 2012 on American beech trees (Fagus grandifolia) in north‐east Ohio in the United States. Since its discovery, BLD has spread rapidly and can now be found in forests in 10 counties in Ohio, eight counties in Pennsylvania and five counties in Ontario, Canada. The initial symptoms of the disease appear as a dark green, interveinal banding pattern on the lower canopy foliage. These initial symptoms typically occur in the shrub or sampling layer of a beech stand. The later symptoms result in solidly darkened leaves that are shrunken and crinkled. The symptoms appear to progress through the buds as the affected buds are eventually aborted and no new leaves are produced. We fear this disease has the potential to drastically alter the Eastern deciduous forests of the United States on its own and through potential compounding disease effects. In addition, BLD poses a threat to global forests as symptoms of the disease were detected on European (F. sylvatica) and Oriental (F. orientalis) beech species in nurseries in north‐eastern Ohio. Due to its rapid spread and variability in environmental conditions where it has been detected, it seems unlikely that BLD is an abiotic disorder. Thus, intense efforts are underway to determine the causal agent of BLD. Relevant stakeholders are advised to be alert for BLD symptoms in beech forests in the Northern Hemisphere, and substantial resources should be invested in understanding this emerging forest disease.
Investigating the prevalence of dissociative disorders and severe dissociative symptoms in first episode psychosis
Authors: Sun Pamela , Alvarez‐Jimenez Mario , Lawrence Katherine , Simpson Katrina , Peach Natalie , Bendall Sarah 
Published: December 2018

AimIncreasing evidence suggests that childhood trauma and dissociation are associated with psychotic symptoms and disorders. Significant rates of dissociative disorders and clinical levels of dissociative symptoms are found in chronic schizophrenia. To date, no studies have examined the prevalence of these in a first episode psychosis (FEP) group. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dissociative disorders and symptoms in a FEP sample as well as the prevalence of severe dissociative symptoms in those with or without experiences of childhood trauma.MethodsSixty‐six young people with FEP completed a research interview which included the structured clinical interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) Axis I Disorders, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Dissociative Disorders‐Revised.ResultsDissociative symptoms at clinical levels were found in 36.4% of the sample. Furthermore, 13.6% of the sample met diagnostic criteria for a lifetime dissociative disorder. Significant differences in the frequency of clinical dissociative symptoms between those with or without childhood trauma were also found.ConclusionsDissociative symptoms should be routinely assessed for in early intervention settings, especially in cases where childhood trauma is disclosed or suspected. Where present, dissociative symptoms should also be incorporated into subsequent case formulation and treatment planning.
Spatial impact of microglial distribution on dynamics of dendritic spines
Authors: Iida Tadatsune , Tanaka Shinji , Okabe Shigeo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMicroglia regulate synapse stability and remodeling through multiple molecular pathways. Regulated spatial distribution of microglia within nervous tissues may affect synapse dynamics. Here, we focused on the spatial relationship between microglia and spine synapses in the mouse neocortex and found that the distance between microglial cell bodies (MCBs) and spines is a critical parameter in spine stability. The region close to MCBs contains microglial processes with higher density and with more spine contacts. This region also shows more extensive exploration of tissue space by microglial processes. To test if the relative positions between MCBs and spines are important for spine stability, we simultaneously imaged spines and microglia in vivo and found negative correlation between spine–MCB distance and spine stability. Optical clearing methods enabled us to record the positions of all microglia in a large cortical volume and indicated their mutually exclusive distribution with similar density across cortical layers. This spatial arrangement of microglia is responsible for the repeated appearance of domains close to MCBs along dendritic arborization. The microglial position was largely independent of other cellular components. These results suggest that the spatial arrangement of microglia is critical for generating repetitive domains of synaptic instability along dendrites, which operates independently of other glial components.
Oral anticoagulation and left atrial appendage closure: a new strategy for recurrent cardioembolic stroke
Authors: Masjuan J. , Salido L. , DeFelipe A. , Hernández‐Antolín R. , Fernández‐Golfín C. , Cruz‐Culebras A. , Matute C. , Vera R. , Pérez‐Torre P. , Zamorano J. L. 
Published: December 2018

Background and purposeThere are no recommendations regarding how to treat cardioembolic recurrent strokes when patients are well anticoagulated. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of combining oral anticoagulation (OAC) with percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) in patients with well‐anticoagulated atrial fibrillation (AF) with recurrent strokes.MethodsIn an explorative, prospective, observational study, LAAC was performed in patients with AF with at least two ischaemic strokes in the previous year, despite good anticoagulation using the Amplatzer Cardiac Plug (St Jude Medical, St Paul, MN, USA) or Amulet Abbot device (Abbot Vascular, Santa Clara, CA, USA). We recorded age, type of AF, CHA2DS2‐VASC and HAS‐BLED scores, types of OAC and risk factors. After closure, treatment with aspirin (100 mg/day) was continued for 3 months in combination with indefinite OAC. Clinical status, recurrent embolisms and bleeding complications were recorded during follow‐up.ResultsA total of 19 patients were included (mean age, 72.1 ± 9.6 years; mean CHA2DS2‐VASC score, 5.3 ± 1.48; mean number of previous strokes, 2.78 ± 1.15). Thirteen had spontaneous echocardiographic contrast and all had dilatation of the left atrium. Eighteen patients had a multilobulated left atrial appendage, 17 with ‘chicken‐wing’ morphology and one patient had a left atrial appendage thrombus. There were no complications during the procedure. Only one patient had a transient ischaemic attack and no major bleeding occurred during a mean follow‐up of 17.4 ± 11.5 months.ConclusionCombination therapy with indefinite OAC plus LAAC in patients with AF with recurrent strokes despite good anticoagulation should be considered in order to prevent a new stroke.
Do neurologists agree in diagnosing drug resistance in adults with focal epilepsy?
Authors: Zaccara Gaetano , Mula Marco , Ferrò Bruno , Consoli Domenico , Elia Maurizio , Giallonardo Anna Teresa , Iudice Alfonso , La Neve Angela , Meletti Stefano , Tinuper Paolo , Zummo Leila , Perucca Emilio 
Published: December 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate interrater agreement in categorizing treatment outcomes and drug responsiveness status according to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) definition of drug‐resistant epilepsy.MethodsA total of 1053 adults with focal epilepsy considered by the investigators to meet ILAE criteria for drug resistance were enrolled consecutively at 43 centers and followed up prospectively for 18‐34 months. Treatment outcomes for all antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) used up to enrollment (retrospective assessment), and on an AED newly introduced at enrollment, were categorized by individual investigators and by 2 rotating members of a 16‐member expert panel (EP) that reviewed the patient records independently. Interrater agreement was tested by Cohen’s kappa (k) statistics and rated according to Landis and Koch’s criteria.ResultsAgreement between EP members in categorizing outcomes on the newly introduced AED was almost perfect (90.1%, k = 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80‐0.87), whereas agreement between the EP and individual investigators was moderate (70.4%, k = 0.57, 95% CI 0.53‐0.61). Similarly, categorization of outcomes on previously used AEDs was almost perfect between EP members (91.7%, k = 0.83, 95% CI 0.81‐0.84) and moderate between the EP and investigators (68.2%, k = 0.50, 95% CI 0.48‐0.52). Disagreement was related predominantly to outcomes considered to be treatment failures by the investigators but categorized as undetermined by the EP. Overall, 19% of patients classified as having drug‐resistant epilepsy by the investigators were considered by the EP to have “undefined responsiveness.”SignificanceInterrater agreement in categorizing treatment outcomes according to ILAE criteria ranges from moderate to almost perfect. Nearly 1 in 5 patients considered by enrolling neurologists to be “drug‐resistant” were classified by the EP as having “undefined responsiveness.”
Environmental associations of Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) catch in the California Current system
Authors: Runcie Rosa M. , Muhling Barbara , Hazen Elliott L. , Bograd Steven J. , Garfield Toby , DiNardo Gerard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe investigate the impact of oceanographic variability on Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis: PBF) distributions in the California Current system using remotely sensed environmental data, and fishery‐dependent data from multiple fisheries in a habitat‐modeling framework. We examined the effects of local oceanic conditions (sea surface temperature, surface chlorophyll, sea surface height, eddy kinetic energy), as well as large‐scale oceanographic phenomena, such as El Niño, on PBF availability to commercial and recreational fishing fleets. Results from generalized additive models showed that warmer temperatures of around 17–21°C with low surface chlorophyll concentrations (<0.5 mg/m3) increased probability of occurrence of PBF in the Commercial Passenger Fishing Vessel and purse seine fisheries. These associations were particularly evident during a recent marine heatwave (the “Blob”). In contrast, PBF were most likely to be encountered on drift gillnet gear in somewhat cooler waters (13–18°C), with moderate chlorophyll concentrations (0.5–1.0 mg/m3). This discrepancy was likely a result of differing spatiotemporal distribution of fishing effort among fleets, as well as the different vertical depths fished by each gear, demonstrating the importance of understanding selectivity when building correlative habitat models. In the future, monitoring and understanding environmentally driven changes in the availability of PBF to commercial and recreational fisheries can contribute to the implementation of ecosystem approaches to fishery management.
In‐hospital mortality of pelvic ring fractures in older adults now and then: A pelvic registry study
Authors: Rollmann Mika F , Herath Steven C , Braun Benedikt J , Holstein Joerg H , Pohlemann Tim , Menger Michael D , Histing Tina 
Published: December 2018

AimWith the predicted demographic change, the treatment of geriatric patients will become a major issue for health systems worldwide. The majority of pelvic ring fractures occur in older adults, and their treatment might be associated with a distinct mortality. Herein, we analyzed the data of 5665 patients with pelvic ring fractures aged ≥60 years included in the German Pelvic Trauma Registry from 1991 to 2013.MethodsThe data were collected prospectively, multicentrically in hospitals participating in the German Pelvic Trauma Registry. Demographic data were retrospectively analyzed, stratified for age, sex, type of injury, mode of therapy, injury severity score (ISS) and mortality.ResultsThe overall mortality decreased over the 22‐year study period from 9.3% to 3.8% (P < 0.05), whereas the median ISS significantly increased. During the observation period, mortality was higher in patients with type B and, particularly, type C fractures when compared with patients with type A fractures. Mortality rates of patients aged >80 years did not significantly differ from those aged >60 or >70 years. Male patients showed a significantly higher mortality compared with female patients, as well as a significantly higher median ISS. The mortality rate of patients with surgically‐treated type C fractures decreased over the study period from 35.7% to 6.9% (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOver the past two decades, the mortality of older patients after pelvic ring fractures has significantly decreased. The higher overall mortality rate of male patients might mainly be accounted for by the relatively higher fraction of type C fractures and a higher ISS. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 24–29.
Torsional fatigue resistance of R‐Pilot and WaveOne Gold Glider NiTi glide path reciprocating systems
Authors: Santos C. B. , Simões‐Carvalho M. , Perez R. , Vieira V. T. L. , Antunes H. S. , Cavalcante D. F. , De‐Deus G. , Silva E. J. N. L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the torsional properties of the NiTi glide path reciprocating instruments R‐Pilot (VDW, Munich, Germany) and WaveOne Gold Glider (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland).MethodologyTen R‐Pilot (size 12.5, .04 taper) and 10 WaveOne Gold Glider (size 15, .02v taper) instruments were used. The torque and angle of rotation at failure of new instruments (n = 10) were measured according to ISO 3630‐1. Three millimetres of each instrument tip was clamped to a small load cell by a lever arm linked to the torsion axis. The fracture surface of all fragments was examined with a scanning electron microscope. Data were analysed using the Student t‐test at a significance level of P < 0.05.ResultsThe maximum torsional strength of the R‐Pilot instruments was greater than the WaveOne Gold Glider (P < 0.05). In contrast, WaveOne Gold Glider instruments had significantly higher angular rotation to fracture than R‐Pilot instruments (P < 0.05). The scanning electron microscopy of the fracture surfaces revealed similar and typical features of torsional failure (ductile type) for both brands. The torsional failure displayed two zones: the first with microvoids in the centre of the instruments (core) and the second one represented by plastic deformation around the microvoids; this configuration occurred because of the shear stresses originated during the twisting.ConclusionsR‐Pilot instruments had a lower angle of rotation to fracture but a higher torque to failure than WaveOne Gold Glider instruments.
Structural, morphological, and optical properties of W‐doped VO2 thin films prepared by sol‐gel spin coating method
Authors: Fallah Vostakola Mohsen , Mirkazemi Seyed Mohammad , Eftekhari Yekta Bijan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThermochromic VO2 thin films were deposited on soda‐lime glass via sol‐gel method. Doping was done through adding tungstic acid solution to the vanadium solution precursor. Grazing incidence x‐ray diffractometer (GIXRD) results showed that VO2 and V6O13 phases were formed together in the heat‐treated sample. According to the GIXRD result of the W‐doped sample, only VO2 remained. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) micrographs showed that the VO2 grain size decreased from about 70 to about 25 nm for undoped film and 2 wt% W‐doped films, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results showed that the root mean square roughness for the film with 180 nm thickness was about 18 nm, and 2 wt% W‐doped film had a smoother surface. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) results showed that the band gap energy for undoped, 1 wt% W‐ doped, and 2 wt% W‐doped VO2 thin films was 1.7, 1.3, and 0 eV, respectively. Four‐point probe resistivity measurements showed a significant decrement, from approximately 1 MΩ at 15°C to <100 Ω at 80°C. Regarding Vis‐NIR spectroscopy results, maximum optical transmission for undoped and W‐doped films was approximately 75% and 35%, respectively.