bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: Tal-Or L. , Zechmeister M. , Reiners A. , Jeffers S. V. , Schöfer P. , Quirrenbach A. , Amado P. J. , Ribas I. , Caballero J. A. , Aceituno J. , Bauer F. F. , Béjar V. J. S. , Czesla S. , Dreizler S. , Fuhrmeister B. , Hatzes A. P. , Johnson E. N. , Kürster M. , Lafarga M. , Montes D. , Morales J. C. , Reffert S. , Sadegi S. , Seifert W , Shulyak D. 
Published: March 2018

Context. Previous simulations predicted the activity-induced radial-velocity (RV) variations of M dwarfs to range from ~1 cm s−1 to ~1 km s−1, depending on various stellar and activity parameters.
Aims. We investigate the observed relations between RVs, stellar activity, and stellar parameters of M dwarfs by analyzing CARMENES high-resolution visual-channel spectra (0.5–1μm), which were taken within the CARMENES RV planet survey during its first 20 months of operation.
Methods. During this time, 287 of the CARMENES-sample stars were observed at least five times. From each spectrum we derived a relative RV and a measure of chromospheric Hα emission. In addition, we estimated the chromatic index (CRX) of each spectrum, which is a measure of the RV wavelength dependence.
Results. Despite having a median number of only 11 measurements per star, we show that the RV variations of the stars with RV scatter of >10 m s−1 and a projected rotation velocity v sin i > 2 km s−1 are caused mainly by activity. We name these stars “active RV-loud stars” and find their occurrence to increase with spectral type: from ~3% for early-type M dwarfs (M0.0–2.5 V) through ~30% for mid-type M dwarfs (M3.0–5.5 V) to >50% for late-type M dwarfs (M6.0–9.0 V). Their RV-scatter amplitude is found to be correlated mainly with v sin i. For about half of the stars, we also find a linear RV–CRX anticorrelation, which indicates that their activity-induced RV scatter is lower at longer wavelengths. For most of them we can exclude a linear correlation between RV and Hα emission.
Conclusions. Our results are in agreement with simulated activity-induced RV variations in M dwarfs. The RV variations of most active RV-loud M dwarfs are likely to be caused by dark spots on their surfaces, which move in and out of view as the stars rotate.
Pseudotumor Cerebri Presenting Unilateral Papilledema Associated with Iron-deficiency Anemia
Authors: Costa Fernando , Fabião Neto Othello , Gago Guilherme , Martins Otávio , Gibbon Frederico , Nogueira Leonardo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPseudotumor cerebri is a relatively common pathology that is characterized by intracranial hypertension in the absence of mass lesions. It commonly affects young and obese women, and its presentation with visual loss and bilateral papilledema is well-described in the literature. We present a case of a 44-year-old, non-obese, female patient presenting with unilateral papilledema and iron-deficiency anemia. This case emphasizes this unusual presentation and the rare association with iron deficiency.
Metastability and avalanche dynamics in strongly correlated gases with long-range interactions
Authors: Hruby Lorenz , Dogra Nishant , Landini Manuele , Donner Tobias , Esslinger Tilman 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Most structured matter, whether in the form of solids or macromolecules, is found in metastable states. Metastability, as well as the transition processes between metastable states, is ubiquitous in nature, but challenges our tools to describe such complex quantum systems. Using a quantum gas, we assemble a synthetic quantum many-body system featuring metastability. The essential ingredient is a global interaction that couples superfluid shells of the system with a metastable Mott insulator in its core. We study in real time the self-induced switching of the core to a different density configuration, a process reminiscent of the folding between discrete structures encountered in the study of macromolecules.
Does Merit Selection Work?
Authors: Goelzhauser Greg 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDoes merit selection work? Existing evidence on institutional performance compares outcomes of interest across selection mechanisms, which does not account for the two-stage process that makes merit selection unique. Using information obtained from public records requests, this article analyzes the determinants of commission and gubernatorial selections from relevant candidate pools. The evidence suggests that although commissions and governors seem to select on certain qualifications, women are disadvantaged at the commission stage and partisanship is relevant at both stages. The results have important implications for our understanding of merit selection’s institutional performance and the broader judicial selection debate.
Improvement of energy conversion effectiveness and maximum output power of electrostatic induction-type MEMS energy harvesters by using symmetric comb-electrode structures
Authors: Honma H , Mitsuya H , Hashiguchi G , Fujita H , Toshiyoshi H 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We introduce symmetric comb-electrode structures for the electrostatic vibrational MEMS energy harvester to lower the electrostatic constraint force attributed to the built-in electret potential, thereby allowing the harvester device to operate in a small acceleration range of 0.05 g or lower (1 g  =  9.8 m s−2). Given the same device structure, two different potentials for the electret are tested to experimentally confirm that the output induction current is enhanced 4.2 times by increasing the electret potential from  −60 V to  −250 V. At the same time, the harvester effectiveness has been improved to as high as 93%. The device is used to swiftly charge a 470 µF storage capacitor to 3.3 V in 120 s from small sinusoidal vibrations of 0.6 g at 124 Hz.
Optical drift effects in general relativity
Authors: Korzyński Mikołaj , Kopiński Jarosław 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We consider the question of determining the optical drift
effects in general relativity, i.e. the rate of change of the
apparent position, redshift, Jacobi matrix, angular distance and
luminosity distance of a distant object as registered by an observer
in an arbitrary spacetime. We present a fully relativistic and
covariant approach, in which the problem is reduced to a hierarchy
of ODE's solved along the line of sight. The 4-velocities and
4-accelerations of the observer and the emitter and the geometry of
the spacetime along the line of sight constitute the input data. We
build on the standard relativistic geometric optics formalism and
extend it to include the time derivatives of the observables. In
the process we obtain two general, non-perturbative relations: the
first one between the gravitational lensing, represented by the
Jacobi matrix, and the apparent position drift, also called the
cosmic parallax, and the second one between the apparent position
drift and the redshift drift. The applications of the results
include the theoretical study of the drift effects of cosmological
origin (so-called real-time cosmology) in numerical or exact
Universe models.
Integrated Community Based Coastal Management: Lesson From The Field
Authors: Hadi Sudharto P. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Coastal abrasion has been occurred throughout coastline of Java reaching 745 km at length, account for 44% of total Java’s coastline. This phenomena is caused by reclamation, cutting of mangrove, land-use change and other human activities specifically at coastal area. Coastal abrasion stimulates flood or tidal flood, when sea level rise, the sea water flows to the land undated fish pond, settlement and other infrastructures standing at coastal area. Tidal flood destroys settlement lead to significant decrease of property value: land and house. Coastal abrasion caused lose people’s job and income. One measure taken by local community is mangrove cultivation intended to prevent sea level rise flowing to the inland. However many efforts taken by community frequently fail because of un-integrated approach. This paper reviews a mangrove plantations in Mangunharjo, district of Tugu, Semarang, Central Java by utilizing an innovative approach integrating environmental, economic and social aspect. These mangrove cultivations environmentally useful to prevent coastal abrasion, economically creating income for local people and socially supported by local community. These three approaches ensure sustainability of mangrove’s culture.
METHCOMP: a special purpose compression platform for DNA methylation data
Authors: Peng Jianhao , Milenkovic Olgica , Ochoa Idoia 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Motivation
DNA methylation is one of the most important epigenetic mechanisms in cells that exhibits a significant role in controlling gene expressions. Abnormal methylation patterns have been associated with cancer, imprinting disorders and repeat-instability diseases. As inexpensive bisulfite sequencing approaches have led to significant efforts in acquiring methylation data, problems of data storage and management have become increasingly important. The de facto compression method for methylation data is gzip, which is a general purpose compression algorithm that does not cater to the special format of methylation files. We propose METHCOMP, a new compression scheme tailor-made for bedMethyl files, which supports random access.

Results
We tested the METHCOMP algorithm on 24 bedMethyl files retrieved from four randomly selected ENCODE assays. Our findings reveal that METHCOMP offers an average compression ratio improvement over gzip of up to 7.5x. As an example, METHCOMP compresses a 48 GB file to only 0.9 GB, which corresponds to a 98% reduction in size.

Availability and implementation
METHCOMP is freely available at https://github.com/jianhao2016/METHCOMP.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
BATF2 activates DUSP2 gene expression and up-regulates NF-κB activity via phospho-STAT3 dephosphorylation
Authors: Kanemaru Hisashi , Yamane Fumihiro , Tanaka Hiroki , Maeda Kazuhiko , Satoh Takashi , Akira Shizuo 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Growing evidence has revealed that the transcription factor basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like 2 (BATF2) has unique transcriptional activities, including regulating cytokines via TLR signals in macrophages, which affect mortality due to infection and cancer. On the basis of genome-wide analyses using the chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing technique, we found that dual-specificity phosphatase 2 (Dusp2) had a significantly lower acetyl-histone status in Batf2−/− bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) compared with wild-type (WT) BMDMs. The phosphatase DUSP2 has been reported to play a critical role in inflammatory responses. Therefore, we evaluated the BATF2 transcriptional activities on the Dusp2 promoter. We found that the DUSP2 and IL-12 p40 expression levels were significantly lower in Batf2−/− BMDMs than in WT controls following their stimulation with TLR7 ligands. Further in vitro studies revealed that phospho-STAT3 was up-regulated and NF-κB p50/p65 were down-regulated in Batf2−/− BMDMs compared with their levels in WT controls. Additionally, Th1 immunity was impaired in Batf2−/− mice following their stimulation with TLR7 ligands. We also found that BATF2 interacts with NF-κB p65 and promotes DUSP2 expression through the NF-κB-binding site in the Dusp2 promoter at −203 to −121. Collectively, our findings suggest that BATF2 activates DUSP2 gene expression and up-regulates NF-κB activity via phospho-STAT3 dephosphorylation.
Seeing Stars: How the Binary Bias Distorts the Interpretation of Customer Ratings
Authors: Fisher Matthew , Newman George E , Dhar Ravi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAcross many different contexts, individuals consult customer ratings to inform their purchase decisions. The present studies document a novel phenomenon, dubbed “the binary bias,” which plays an important role in how individuals evaluate customer reviews. Our main proposal is that people tend to make a categorical distinction between positive ratings (e.g., 4s and 5s) and negative ratings (e.g., 1s and 2s). However, within those bins, people do not sufficiently distinguish between more extreme values (5s and 1s) and less extreme values (4s and 2s). As a result, people’s subjective representations of distributions are heavily impacted by the extent to which those distributions are imbalanced (having more 4s and 5s vs. more 1s and 2s). Ten studies demonstrate that this effect has important consequences for people’s product evaluations and purchase decisions. Additionally, we show this effect is not driven by the salience of particular bars, unrealistic distributions, certain statistical properties of a distribution, or diminishing subjective utility. Furthermore, we demonstrate this phenomenon’s relevance to other domains besides product reviews, and discuss the implications for existing research on how people integrate conflicting evidence.
Symptomatic Adjacent Level Disease Requiring Surgery: Analysis of 10-Year Results From a Prospective, Randomized, Clinical Trial Comparing Cervical Disc Arthroplasty to Anterior Cervical Fusion
Authors: Ghobrial George M , Lavelle William F , Florman Jeffrey E , Riew K Daniel , Levi Allan D 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Ten-year follow-up data from the US Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemption trial comparing BRYAN® Cervical Disc (Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) arthroplasty to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) demonstrated that disc arthroplasty maintained range of motion and improvements in overall success and neck disability.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the 10-yr rates of symptomatic adjacent level disease requiring surgery (SALDRS).

METHODS
Prospective randomized trial data were analyzed comparing BRYAN® Cervical Disc arthroplasty to ACDF for single-level cervical disc disease with concordant radiculopathy or myelopathy with clinicoradiographic analysis at 10 yr. Secondarily, 84-mo data were pooled with PRESTIGE® Cervical Disc arthroplasty (Medtronic) study data to provide overall rates of SALDRS.

RESULTS
Significantly greater overall success was maintained at every postoperative interval with an overall success rate of 81.3% with BRYAN® disc and 66.3% with ACDF (P = .005) without loss of motion preservation (8.69° vs 0.60°). Reoperation at adjacent levels up to the 120-mo visit was 9.7% in the arthroplasty group and 15.8% in the ACDF group (P = .146). The combined data from BRYAN® and Prestige ST demonstrate that BRYAN® and Prestige disc groups had a lower rate of second surgeries at the adjacent levels, up to the 84-mo visit, compared to the combined ACDF groups (6.9% vs 11.7%; P = .023).

CONCLUSION
Compared with ACDF, fewer patients with the BRYAN® disc required surgery for symptomatic adjacent level degeneration, but this did not achieve statistical significance. Analysis of combined study data using Bryan and Prestige discs shows significant differences in SADLRS as early as 7 yr.
Advancing Patient-Centered Care in Tuberculosis Management: A Mixed-Methods Appraisal of Video Directly Observed Therapy
Authors: Holzman Samuel B , Zenilman Avi , Shah Maunank 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Directly observed therapy (DOT) remains an integral component of treatment support and adherence monitoring in tuberculosis care. In-person DOT is resource intensive and often burdensome for patients. Video DOT (vDOT) has been proposed as an alternative to increase treatment flexibility and better meet patient-specific needs.

Methods
We conducted a pragmatic, prospective pilot implementation of vDOT at 3 TB clinics in Maryland. A mixed-methods approach was implemented to assess (1) effectiveness, (2) acceptability, and (3) cost. Medication adherence on vDOT was compared with that of in-person DOT. Interviews and surveys were conducted with patients and providers before and after implementation, with framework analysis utilized to extract salient themes. Last, a cost analysis assessed the economic impacts of vDOT implementation across heterogeneous clinic structures.

Results
Medication adherence on vDOT was comparable to that of in-person DOT (94% vs 98%, P = .17), with a higher percentage of total treatment doses (inclusive of weekend/holiday self-administration) ultimately observed during the vDOT period (72% vs 66%, P = .03). Video DOT was well received by staff and patients alike, who cited increased treatment flexibility, convenience, and patient privacy. Our cost analysis estimated a savings with vDOT of $1391 per patient for a standard 6-month treatment course.

Conclusions
Video DOT is an acceptable and important option for measurement of TB treatment adherence and may allow a higher proportion of prescribed treatment doses to be observed, compared with in-person DOT. Video DOT may be cost-saving and should be considered as a component of individualized, patient-centered case management plans.
MRI and PET-CT Failed to Differentiate Between Hepatic Malignancy and Brucelloma
Authors: Schreiber Peter W , Schmid Adrian , Fagagnini Stefania , Kröger Arne , Vrugt Bart , Reiner Cäcilia S , Boggian Katia , Schiesser Marc , Müllhaupt Beat , Günthard Huldrych F 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Brucellosis is a common, worldwide zoonosis. Clinical presentation is protean and often goes unrecognized. Hepatic brucelloma is a rare local complication of chronic brucellosis. We report a case in which magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography imaging prompted suspicion of a hepatic malignancy. Diagnosis was ultimately made by serology and polymerase chain reaction of resected liver tissue.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Daily Pill Burden and Likelihood of Optimal Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among People Living With HIV Who Use Drugs
Authors: Mohd Salleh Nur Afiqah , Richardson Lindsey , Kerr Thomas , Shoveller Jean , Montaner Julio , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Milloy M-J. 
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
Among people living with HIV (PLWH), high levels of adherence to prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART) is required to achieve optimal treatment outcomes. However, little is known about the effects of daily pill burden on adherence amongst PLWH who use drugs. We sought to investigate the association between daily pill burden and adherence to ART among members of this key population in Vancouver, Canada.

Methods:
We used data from the AIDS Care Cohort to Evaluate Exposure to Survival Services study, a long-running community-recruited cohort of PLWH who use illicit drugs linked to comprehensive HIV clinical records. The longitudinal relationship between daily pill burden and the odds of ≥95% adherence to ART among ART-exposed individuals was analyzed using multivariable generalized linear mixed-effects modeling, adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioural, and structural factors linked to adherence.

Results:
Between December 2005 and May 2014, the study enrolled 770 ART-exposed participants, including 257 (34%) women, with a median age of 43 years. At baseline, 437 (56.7%) participants achieved ≥95% adherence in the previous 180 days. Among all interview periods, the median adherence was 100% (interquartile range 71%–100%). In a multivariable model, a greater number of pills per day was negatively associated with ≥95% adherence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.87 per pill, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84–0.91). Further analysis showed that once-a-day ART regimens were positively associated with optimal adherence (AOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.07–1.80).

Conclusions:
In conclusion, simpler dosing demands (ie, fewer pills and once-a-day single tablet regimens) promoted optimal adherence among PLWH who use drugs. Our findings highlight the need for simpler dosing to be encouraged explicitly for PWUD with multiple adherence barriers.
Nonpeptide Orexin-2 Receptor Agonist Attenuates Morphine-induced Sedative Effects in Rats
Authors: Toyama Satoshi , Shimoyama Naohito , Tagaito Yugo , Nagase Hiroshi , Saitoh Tsuyoshi , Yanagisawa Masashi , Shimoyama Megumi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Sleepiness and decrease in attention are dose-limiting side effects of opioids. The orexin/hypocretin system plays an important role in maintaining wakefulness. This study aimed to explore the potential of a nonpeptide orexin receptor agonist to alleviate morphine-induced sedative effects.

Methods
Morphine sedative effects were evaluated as changes in electroencephalogram (EEG), locomotor activity, and acoustic startle response in rats (n = 5 to 9 per group). Effects of intracerebroventricular orexin-A and systemic orexin type-2 receptor agonist, YNT-185, on EEG changes induced by morphine were examined. Furthermore, the authors examined effects of morphine administered with or without YNT-185 on locomotor activity and on acoustic startle response.

Results
Morphine-induced, frequent, short epochs of increased power (total epoch duration: 0.5 [0.0 to 8.0] s/10 min during baseline vs. 74.0 [49.0 to 115.0] s/10 min during the post–morphine administration period; P = 0.012). EEG analyses revealed that morphine-induced, high-amplitude, slow activity (increase in spectral power of frequencies less than 15 Hz, baseline vs. postmorphine; P < 0.001). Orexin-A and YNT-185 attenuated these changes. Locomotor activity decreased after morphine (268 [103 to 889] ambulatory movement counts during baseline period [20 min] vs. 138 [7 to 434] counts during 40 to 59 min postadministration; P = 0.012), but did not change after morphine with YNT-185 (363 [121 to 636] vs. 864 [381 to 1092] counts, difference within morphine + YNT-185 group; P = 0.071). Startle response latency was longer after morphine (26 [20 to 28] ms) than after morphine with YNT-185 (17 [16 to 18] ms; P = 0.012).

Conclusions
Orexin-A and/or YNT-185 attenuated morphine-induced sedative effects assessed by EEG changes and behavioral measures in rats. The authors’ results suggest that orexin-2 receptor activation alleviates morphine-induced sedative effects.