bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships among organ damage, social support, and depression in African American women with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Jordan J , Thompson N J , Dunlop-Thomas C , Lim S Sam , Drenkard C 
Published: November 2018

Objectives Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disproportionately strikes African American women. Social support can potentially reduce disease impact. The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between organ damage and depression in African American women and how social support influences this relationship. Methods We used a mixed methods design, analyzing self-reported data on lupus-related organ damage, depression, and social support in 437 African American women with SLE recruited in the Georgians Organized Against Lupus (GOAL) cohort. Moreover, we conducted interviews among 15 GOAL participants to gather patients' perspectives about the role of social support in people who live with lupus. Results We found a significant association between organ damage and depression ( r = 0.163, p = 0.001), as well as between depression and social support ( F = 17.574, p < 0.001). The quantitative analysis did not render social support as a significant moderator in the organ damage–depression relationship. Interviews, however, revealed that African American women with the most severe organ damage have the greatest need for support. Conclusions Social support is a key resource for lupus patients with high disease burden. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of monitoring depressive symptoms in this population and developing interventions aimed to increase social support available to lupus patients.
Honoring Life After Death: Mapping the Spread of the Pause
Authors: Ducar Dallas Michelle , Cunningham Tim 
Published: November 2018

Background: Health care is a high-risk environment for clinicians and patients. The risk of burnout increases with increased patient acuity and workload demands. The Pause is a contemplative intervention that has been deployed to foster honor and self-care. Objective: We aimed to reveal how clinicians and educators use The Pause and how it changes systems of thinking or practice. Methods: Using a modified Delphi method, we interviewed 11 participants who had used The Pause or intend on using it. Results: The Pause is being used in 4 continents and many countries. It is most widely learned about by the bedside in practice settings. Participants believe it is malleable and has a powerful systemic effect in fostering a culture of support and honor. Conclusion: The Pause should continue to be taught in clinical scenarios to foster a broader humanistic ethos in health care.
The Characteristics of Joint Ventures in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Beamish Paul W. 
Published: November 2018

This paper compares the characteristics of international equity joint ventures in the People's Republic of China (PRC) with joint ventures in developing country market economies. The characteristics of Sino-foreign joint ventures were derived from twelve studies published since 1986, including the author's new sample. Twelve joint venture characteristics are reviewed along dimensions of design, management and performance. Joint ventures in PRC are frequently used, created due to government pressure and with government partners, and often formed with partners from ethnically related countries. Further, many intended joint ventures are never implemented, and those that are implemented have often been set up for a predetermined duration. The foreign partner most commonly has a minority equity position, and those who have used split control have seen stronger performance. Overall joint venture stability has been high, but is expected to decline, and foreign partner satisfaction with performance is low.
NATID: The Development and Application of a National Identity Measure for Use in International Marketing
Authors: Keillor Bruce D. , Hult G. Tomas M. , Erffmeyer Robert C. , Babakus Emin 
Published: November 2018

The international marketing literature abounds with studies outlining the various similarities and differences that exist across cultural and national boundaries (e.g. Hofstede 1980 ). Unfortunately, many of these studies have focused on descriptive comparisons between cultures and nations. This article develops a measurement instrument designed to explicate the degree to which national identity can be specified and the differences between that national identity and other nations. Utilizing Churchill's (1979) , and Anderson and Gerbing's (1988) guidelines for scale construction and application, this article develops an instrument to measure national identity and establishes norms for its usage, using samples from the United States, Japan, and Sweden. The overall objective of this study is threefold: 1) to develop an empirically sound instrument for measuring national identity; 2) to explore the importance placed on a unique national identity in the three nations comprising the sample; and 3) to consider differences in the underlying dimensions comprising these countries’ national identity and their impact on marketing strategy. The development of such a measurement instrument should provide a means by which the results of cross-cultural and cross-national research can be empirically tested and on which more rigorous theory building can be based.
Russia's Transition to a Market Economy: Learning about Business
Authors: Czinkota Michael R. 
Published: November 2018

Russia's business leaders and employees find themselves in a new environment of competition, efficiency, and innovation, without the training and skills to adjust to these new realities. A field study investigated the business education needs in Russia. Four focus group sessions were conducted and interviews were held with 68 individuals. Distinct attitudes held by Russians toward business learning were national pride, anger with the seeming disrespect of outsiders for indigenous accomplishments, and a fear of the unknown, coupled with suspicion toward new practices. There was concern about the lack of relevance of the education offered, and about the linkage between knowledge, learning, and actual change, and the longevity of such change. A rank order of business education priorities identified issues requiring learning and areas in need of behavioral change. Marketing, strategic planning, international business, and business law were the four key learning issues while problem solving, decision making, customer orientation, team building and communications abilities were rated highest in terms of the need for behavioral change. Overall, many similarities between Russian and Western managers were found. However, Russian managers approach problems in a different fashion, need to be taught in different ways, and have different expectations of learning content. In order to be accepted and useful, business education efforts must consider the specifics of the Russian situation and focus both on the teaching of knowledge and skills as well as on the change of attitudes and behavior.
Facilitators and barriers to optimizing eating performance among cognitively impaired older adults: A qualitative study of nursing assistants’ perspectives
Authors: Liu Wen , Tripp-Reimer Toni , Williams Kristine , Shaw Claire 
Published: November 2018

Background and Objectives Cognitively impaired individuals are at increased risk for functional and behavioral difficulties at mealtimes, leading to compromised eating performance, low food and fluid intake, and negative functional and nutritional outcomes. Nursing assistants are the most critical front-line care staff and best positioned to manage the personal and environmental factors that influence resident eating performance. Identifying nursing assistants’ perceptions of barriers and facilitators to engaging residents in eating will provide important experientially based foundation for developing and testing evidence-driven interventions to promote mealtime care. Methods A qualitative descriptive study was conducted in three sites: two nursing homes and one hospital gero-psychiatric inpatient unit. Six focus groups were conducted with a purposive sample of 23 nursing assistants who regularly provided mealtime care to residents with cognitive impairment. Interview questions addressed barriers and facilitators at resident, caregiver, environmental (facility), and policy levels in optimizing mealtime care. Audio recordings of focus groups were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative descriptive content analysis. Both barriers and facilitators were organized into a hierarchical taxonomy based on similarities and differences framed by the Social Ecological Model. Results The majority of barriers and facilitators were at the caregiver level. Caregiver-level barriers included lack of preparation and training, competing work demands, time pressure, and frustration. Caregiver-level facilitators included caregiver preparation and motivational, technical, informational, and instrumental assistance. Environmental-level barriers and facilitators related to the physical, social, and cultural environment and facility practices. Only barriers to optimizing mealtime care were identified at resident and policy levels. Conclusions Nursing assistants identified multilevel barriers as well as a wide range of caregiver and environmental facilitators to optimizing dementia mealtime care. Findings can inform the development and implementation of multifaceted innovative mealtime assistance and staff training programs to promote resident eating performance while fostering person-centered individualized mealtime care practice.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in the Elderly Population of Korea
Authors: Hwang Chi Sang , Lee Hye Sun , Kim Si Nae , Kim Ji Hyung , Park Dong-Joon , Kim Kyung-Su 
Published: November 2018

Background Although a significant number of the clinical features and pathophysiologic mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have been described, only a few studies have been published on characterization of CRS in the field of aging. Objective We investigated the prevalence and risk factors of CRS in elderly (≥65 years old) Koreans using large-scale nationwide epidemiological data and compared the risk factors of elderly with those of younger adult participants (19–64 years old). Methods Data from 25 529 participants who completed the 2008–2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Diagnosis of CRS was done according to the EP3OS 2012 guideline for epidemiologic study. Risk factors of CRS were compared in the aspects of sociodemographics, general health behaviors, clinical characteristics, and comorbidities of participants. Results The prevalence of CRS was significantly higher in 5590 elderly than in 19 939 younger adults (6.55% vs 5.69%; P = .016. Some variables of socioeconomic status and mental health in the adult group were associated with increased risk of CRS but did not show association in the elderly group. We observed a significant association between CRS prevalence and comorbid allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis in both groups ( P < .05). However, in the elderly group, the associations were significantly weaker with regard to allergic rhinitis ( P-interaction = .03) and asthma ( P-interaction = .002). Conclusion These results suggest that elderly populations have distinct pathophysiology and clinical presentations from adult CRS, and management for elderly patients with CRS may require different or additional therapeutic approaches.
Endoscopic and Radiologic Findings in Failed Dacryocystorhinostomy: Teaching Pearls for Success
Authors: Herzallah Islam R. , Marglani Osama A. , Muathen Sumaiya H. , Obaid Arwa A. 
Published: November 2018

Background Although several studies have commented on causes of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) failure, detailed description of anatomical findings in such cases remains insufficient. Objective Our objective was primarily to analyze radiologic, endoscopic, and intraoperative findings in patients presenting with failed DCR and secondarily to assess the outcome of revision endoscopic DCR (endo-DCR) carried out at our institution. Methods Twenty-four failed DCRs presenting to our tertiary care center were retrospectively analyzed. Data collection included patients’ history, diagnostic, and management data, as well as thorough analysis of sinonasal CT scans, along with endoscopic and intraoperative findings. Outcome was also assessed in 21 cases with revision endo-DCR performed. Results The anterior part of uncinate process was not previously removed in 15 sides (62.5%), with unopened agger nasi in 13 sides (54.2%). The lacrimal bone was detected covering the posterior sac despite removal of the anterior ascending process of maxilla in 9 sides (37.5%). Rhinostoma was anterior to lacrimal sac in 2 sides (8.3%) and was below the sac in 7 sides (29.2%). Fibrous membrane covered the rhinostoma despite removal of all sac-overlying bones in 6 sides (25%). Other findings included intranasal adhesions, septal deviation, lateralized middle turbinate, granulation tissue, foreign body reaction, and chronic sinusitis. Nineteen of the 21 revision endo-DCRs were successful (90.5%). Conclusion This study provides a precise anatomical description of findings in cases of failed DCR. Such information is paramount in helping surgeons enhance their learning curve, refine the surgical technique, and improve patients’ outcome.
Professional Soccer Players’ Return to Play and Performance After Operative Repair of Achilles Tendon Rupture
Authors: Trofa David P. , Noback Peter C. , Caldwell Jon-Michael E. , Miller J. Chance , Greisberg Justin K. , Ahmad Christopher S. , Vosseller J. Turner 
Published: November 2018

Background: The majority of Achilles tendon ruptures are sports related; however, no investigation has examined the impact of surgical repair for complete ruptures on professional soccer players. Purpose: To examine the return to play, playing time, and performance of professional soccer players following Achilles tendon repair. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and Major League Soccer (MLS) athletes who sustained a primary complete Achilles tendon rupture and were treated surgically between 1988 and 2014 were identified via public injury reports. Demographic information and performance-related statistics for the identified athletes were recorded for the season before surgery and 2 seasons after surgery and were compared with information for matched controls. Statistical analyses were used to assess differences in recorded metrics. Results: A total of 24 athletes with Achilles ruptures met inclusion criteria, 17 (70.8%) of whom were able to return to play. On average, players had 8.3 years of professional-level experience prior to sustaining an Achilles rupture. Among athletes who returned to play, no differences were found in the number of games played or started, minutes played, or goals scored 1 year postoperatively compared with the year prior to injury. However, 2 years postoperatively, these athletes played 28.3% ( P = .028) fewer minutes compared with their preoperative season, despite starting and playing in an equivalent number of games. Matched controls had baseline playing time and performance statistics similar to those of players. However, controls played and started in significantly more games and played more minutes at 1 and 2 years compared with players ( P < .05). No differences were found in goals scored at any time point. Conclusion: This is the first investigation examining the effect of an Achilles repair on the career of professional soccer players. This is a difficult injury that most commonly occurs in veteran players and prevents 29.2% of players from returning to play despite surgical management. Additionally, athletes able to return to play were found to play fewer minutes 2 years postoperatively compared with their baseline as well as playing less at 1 and 2 years postoperatively compared with uninjured matched controls. The reduction in playing time following an Achilles repair has significant implications for professional players and teams.
Molecular mechanisms of carfilzomib-induced cardiotoxicity in mice and the emerging cardioprotective role of metformin
Authors: Efentakis Panagiotis , Kremastiotis Georgios , Varela Aimilia , Nikolaou Panagiota-Efstathia , Papanagnou Eleni-Dimitra , Davos Constantinos H. , Tsoumani Maria , Agrogiannis Georgios , Konstantinidou Anastasia , Kastritis Efstathios , Kanaki Zoi , Iliodromitis Efstathios K. , Klinakis Apostolos , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Trougakos Ioannis P. , Andreadou Ioanna , Terpos Evangelos 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCarfilzomib (Cfz), an irreversible proteasome inhibitor licensed for relapsed/refractory myeloma, is associated with cardiotoxicity in humans. We sought to establish the optimal protocol of Cfz-induced cardiac dysfunction, to investigate the underlying molecular-signaling and, based on the findings, to evaluate the cardioprotective potency of metformin (Met). Mice were randomized into protocols 1 and 2 (control and Cfz for 1 and 2 consecutive days, respectively); protocols 3 and 4 (control and alternate doses of Cfz for 6 and 14 days, respectively); protocols 5A and 5B (control and Cfz, intermittent doses on days 0, 1 [5A] and 0, 1, 7, and 8 [5B] for 13 days); protocols 6A and 6B (pharmacological intervention; control, Cfz, Cfz+Met and Met for 2 and 6 days, respectively); and protocol 7 (bortezomib). Cfz was administered at 8 mg/kg (IP) and Met at 140 mg/kg (per os). Cfz resulted in significant reduction of proteasomal activity in heart and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in all protocols except protocols 5A and 5B. Echocardiography demonstrated that Cfz led to a significant fractional shortening (FS) depression in protocols 2 and 3, a borderline dysfunction in protocols 1 and 4, and had no detrimental effect on protocols 5A and 5B. Molecular analysis revealed that Cfz inhibited AMPKα/mTORC1 pathways derived from increased PP2A activity in protocol 2, whereas it additionally inhibited phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway in protocol 3. Coadministration of Met prevented Cfz-induced FS reduction and restored AMPKα phosphorylation and autophagic signaling. Conclusively, Cfz decreased left ventricular function through increased PP2A activity and inhibition of AMPKα and its downstream autophagic targets, whereas Met represents a novel promising intervention against Cfz-induced cardiotoxicity.
Impact of comorbidities and delay in diagnosis in elderly patients with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Ginoux Marylise , Turquier Ségolène , Chebib Nader , Glerant Jean-Charles , Traclet Julie , Philit François , Sénéchal Agathe , Mornex Jean-François , Cottin Vincent 
Published: November 2018

Patient age at diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension is steadily increasing. The present study sought to analyse clinical characteristics, time to diagnosis and prognosis of pulmonary hypertension in elderly and very elderly patients.A study was conducted in a French regional referral centre for pulmonary hypertension. All consecutive patients diagnosed with pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension were included and categorised according to age: <65 years (“young”), 65–74 years (“elderly”) and ≥75 years (“very elderly”).Over a 4-year period, 248 patients were included: 101 (40.7%) were young, 82 (33.1%) were elderly and 65 (26.2%) were very elderly. The median age at diagnosis among the total population was 68 years. Compared with young patients, elderly and very elderly patients had a longer time to diagnosis (7±48, 9±21 and 16±32 months, respectively; p<0.001). Patients ≥75 years also more often had group 4 pulmonary hypertension. The median overall survival was 46±1.4 months, but was only 37±4.9 months in elderly patients and 28±4.7 months in very elderly patients. Survival from the first symptoms and survival adjusted to comorbidity was similar across age groups.Patient age should be taken into account when diagnosing pulmonary hypertension as it is associated with a specific clinical profile and a worse prognosis. The difference in prognosis is likely to be related to a delay in diagnosis and a greater number of comorbidities.
A new hybrid technique for modeling dense star clusters
Authors: Rodriguez Carl L. , Pattabiraman Bharath , Chatterjee Sourav , Choudhary Alok , Liao Wei-keng , Morscher Meagan , Rasio Frederic A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe “gravitational million-body problem,” to model the dynamical evolution of a self-gravitating, collisional N-body system with ∼106 particles over many relaxation times, remains a major challenge in computational astrophysics. Unfortunately, current techniques to model such systems suffer from severe limitations. A direct N-body simulation with more than 105 particles can require months or even years to complete, while an orbit-sampling Monte Carlo approach cannot adequately model the dynamics in a dense cluster core, particularly in the presence of many black holes. We have developed a new technique combining the precision of a direct N-body integration with the speed of a Monte Carlo approach. Our Rapid And Precisely Integrated Dynamics code, the code, statistically models interactions between neighboring stars and stellar binaries while integrating directly the orbits of stars or black holes in the cluster core. This allows us to accurately simulate the dynamics of the black holes in a realistic globular cluster environment without the burdensome $N^{2}$

N
2

scaling of a full N-body integration. We compare models of idealized globular clusters to identical models from the direct N-body and Monte Carlo methods. Our tests show that can reproduce the half-mass radii, core radii, black hole ejection rates, and binary properties of the direct N-body models far more accurately than a standard Monte Carlo integration while remaining significantly faster than a full N-body integration. With this technique, it will be possible to create more realistic models of Milky Way globular clusters with sufficient rapidity to explore the full parameter space of dense stellar clusters.