bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural product mitigation of ferroptosis in platinum-based chemotherapy toxicity: targeting the underpinning oxidative signaling pathways
Authors: Famurewa Ademola C , Prabhune Nupura Manish , Prabhu Sudharshan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Platinum-based anticancer chemotherapy (PAC) represents a cornerstone in cancer treatment, retaining its status as the gold standard therapy. However, PAC’s efficacy is countered by significant toxicities, such as nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Recent studies have linked these toxicities to ferroptosis, characterized by iron accumulation, reactive oxygen species generation, and lipid peroxidation. This review explores the mechanisms underlying PAC-induced toxicities, focusing on the involvement of ferroptosis with three major PAC drugs—cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin. Further, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the natural product mitigation of PAC-induced ferroptotic toxicity.

Key findings
The mechanistic role of ferroptosis in cisplatin- and oxaliplatin-induced toxicities has been investigated, while studies on carboplatin-induced ferroptotic toxicities are lacking. Natural compounds targeting molecular pathways of ferroptosis have been explored to mitigate PAC-induced ferroptotic toxicity.

Conclusion
While ferroptosis in cisplatin- and oxaliplatin-induced toxicities has been investigated, there remains a notable dearth of studies examining its involvement in carboplatin-induced toxicities. Hence, further exploration is warranted to define the role of ferroptosis in carboplatin-induced toxicities, and its further mitigation. Moreover, in-depth mechanistic evaluation is necessary to establish natural products evaluated against PAC-induced ferroptosis, as PAC adjuvants.
Ordering Effects versus Cognitive Burden: How Should We Structure Attributes in Conjoint Experiments?
Authors: Rudolph Lukas , Freitag Markus , Thurner Paul W 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Conjoint experiments offer a flexible way to elicit population preferences on complex decision tasks. We investigate whether we can improve respondents’ survey experience and, ultimately, choice quality by departing from the current recommendation of completely randomized conjoint attribute ordering. Such random ordering guarantees that potential bias from attribute order cancels out on average. However, in situations with many attributes, this may unnecessarily increase cognitive burden, as attributes belonging together conceptually are presented scattered across the choice table. Hence, we study experimentally whether purposeful ordering (“theoretically important” attributes first) or block randomized ordering (attributes belonging to the same theoretical concept displayed in randomized bundles) affects survey experience, response time, and choice itself, as compared to completely randomized ordering. Drawing on a complex preregistered choice design with nine attributes (N = 6,617), we find that ordering type affects neither self-reported survey experience, choice task timing, nor attribute weighting. Potentially, block randomization reduces cognitive burden for some subgroups. To our knowledge, we thereby provide the first systematic empirical evidence that ordering effects are likely of low relevance in conjoint choice experiments and that the trade-off between cognitive burden and ordering effects is minimal from the perspective of respondents, at least for our substantive application.
Conductive hydrogels: intelligent dressings for monitoring and healing chronic wounds
Authors: Fang Ying , Han Yiran , Yang Lu , Kankala Ranjith Kumar , Wang Shibin , Chen Aizheng , Fu Chaoping 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Conductive hydrogels (CHs) represent a burgeoning class of intelligent wound dressings, providing innovative strategies for chronic wound repair and monitoring. Notably, CHs excel in promoting cell migration and proliferation, exhibit powerful antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and enhance collagen deposition and angiogenesis. These capabilities, combined with real-time monitoring functions, play a pivotal role in accelerating collagen synthesis, angiogenesis and continuous wound surveillance. This review delves into the preparation, mechanisms and applications of CHs in wound management, highlighting their diverse and significant advantages. It emphasizes the effectiveness of CHs in treating various chronic wounds, such as diabetic ulcers, infected wounds, temperature-related injuries and athletic joint wounds. Additionally, it explores the diverse applications of multifunctional intelligent CHs in advanced wound care technologies, encompassing self-powered dressings, electrically-triggered drug delivery, comprehensive diagnostics and therapeutics and scar-free healing. Furthermore, the review highlights the challenges to their broader implementation, explores the future of intelligent wound dressings and discusses the transformative role of CHs in chronic wound management, particularly in the context of the anticipated integration of artificial intelligence (AI). Additionally, this review underscores the challenges hindering the widespread adoption of CHs, delves into the prospects of intelligent wound dressings and elucidates the transformative impact of CHs in managing chronic wounds, especially with the forthcoming integration of AI. This integration promises to facilitate predictive analytics and tailor personalized treatment plans, thereby further refining the healing process and elevating patient satisfaction. Addressing these challenges and harnessing emerging technologies, we postulate, will establish CHs as a cornerstone in revolutionizing chronic wound care, significantly improving patient outcomes.
A clinical study to detect COVID-19 infection from a non-invasive breath sample
Authors: Winchester Stephen , Rowles Jonathan , Pomeroy Linda , Chapovsky Alexander , Gorbunov Boris , John Joshua , Jabbar Kashif , John Isaac 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Rapid diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is important to the control of SARS-CoV-2. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of diagnosing COVID-19 infection from a breath sample using a rapid, non-invasive point-of-care breath test that does not require off-site analysis. This could increase the accessibility of testing and reduce the discomfort of current swabbing techniques.

Methods
In this prospective observational study, samples of expired air from adults diagnosed with COVID-19 and controls were collected and analyzed with gas chromatography combined with ion mobility spectrometry (BreathSpec© GC-IMS, G.A.S mbH) and also with machine learning (ML) biomarker analysis (MLBA, Ancon Technologies Ltd.).

Key findings
A total of 330 participants, who tested negative or positive for COVID-19 through RT-PCR, were enrolled in the study. In an ML analysis of data collected, the MLBA algorithms enable distinction between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 subjects with an accuracy of 94.1%.

Conclusions
This study indicates that patients with COVID-19 can be quickly identified at the point of use. The development and validation of this method may allow for a rapid, circa 10-min diagnosis of COVID-19 both now and in future seasons. It may also offer an alternative tool for the detection of other viral and microbial infections.
Early NRS Leg and Back Thresholds Predict Clinical Recovery after MIS Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Spine Disease
Authors: DiSilvestro Kevin J. , Bay Annika , Kwas Cole T. , Asada Tomoyuki , Hirase Takashi , Zhang Joshua , Doran William G. , Singh Nishtha , Durbas Atahan , Araghi Kasra , Tuma Olivia C. , Korsun Maximillian K. , Kim Eric T. , Simon Chad Z. , Zhao Eric R. , Allen Myles RJ , Mai Eric , Subramanian Tejas , Iyer Sravisht , Qureshi Sheeraz A. 
Published: November 2024

Study Design.
This retrospective study included patients who underwent primary one-level minimally invasive (MIS) transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for degenerative lumbar spine conditions.

Objective.
To identify early predictors of failing to achieve the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) minimum clinically important difference (MCID) one-year post-surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
Early identification of patients at risk of failing to achieve ODI-MCID is crucial for early intervention and improved postoperative counseling. Currently, no specific thresholds guide patient follow-up for optimal recovery.

Methods.
The assessment included demographic information, surgical details, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). PROMs were collected postoperatively at 2-, 6-, and 12-week time points, as well as at 6- and 12-months.

Results.
The study included 166 patients, with 34% failing to achieve ODI-MCID at one year. Early VAS back and leg scores were found to be significant predictors of ODI-MCID achievement. The optimal thresholds identified were 2.25 for early VAS back and 4.25 for early VAS leg. A rerun regression identified the thresholds as independent predictors of ODI-MCID, with odds ratios of 0.31 for both measures.

Conclusion.
VAS back and leg score thresholds at 6-12 weeks can predict ODI-MCID achievement one year after MIS TLIF. Patients exceeding the identified thresholds may be at risk of failing ODI-MCID and should be monitored closely.

Level of Evidence.
Level 3
Is Frailty Discouraging Surgeons from Performing Thoracolumbar Fusion? A Retrospective Study
Authors: Linden Benjamin M. , Willging Abbygale M. , Chainani Masoom , Koch Kelsey , Galet Colette , McGonagill Patrick W. 
Published: November 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
To evaluate whether frailty scoring is associated with adverse outcomes and management of thoracolumbar fractures (TLF) patients.

Summary of background data.
Trauma patients with TLF often face longer recovery. The Canadian Study of Health and Aging clinical frailty scale (CSHA-CFS) predicts outcomes in older trauma patients.

Methods.
Adult trauma patients admitted from 2017 to 2021 who presented with TLF were included. Frailty was scored using CSHA-CFS. Endpoints were in-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay, surgery, complications, and discharge disposition. Multivariate analyses adjusting for baseline characteristics were performed. P<0.05 was considered significant.

Results.
Overall, 1456 patients were included; 1013 fit, 240 pre-frail, and 203 frail. Frail patients underwent fewer surgeries (OR=0.5 [0.32-0.77], P=0.002). TL fusion was associated with lower mortality (OR=0.31 [0.11-0.85], P=0.024). Pre-frailty and frailty were associated with increased risk of pneumonia (OR=2.522 [1.428-4.456], P=0.001; OR=2.93 [1.32-6.54], P=0.008, respectively) and death (OR=3.581 [1.853-6.921], P<0.001; OR=2.46 [1.07-5.67], P=0.035). Pre-frail and frail patients were more likely to discharge to skilled nursing facilities (OR=1.687 [1.024-2.780], P=0.04; OR=4.89 [2.66-9.0]), P<0.001).

Conclusions.
Pre-frailty and frailty were associated with poor outcomes and higher level of care at discharge. Frail patients were less likely to undergo TL fusion, despite its association with improved survival. This suggests frailty should not discourage surgeons from performing thoracolumbar fusion. Frailty scoring upon admission may help guide management and set realistic expectations for patients and their families.
Severe metabolic alkalosis with fludrocortisone therapy—a case report
Authors: Williams Grace , Hinxman Honor 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
We present an atypical case of severe metabolic alkalosis, not reported in the literature to date.

Case Presentation
Owing to concerns of apneas and desaturation, a 75-year-old man presented to the emergency department with significantly deranged physiology: bicarbonate level of 63.6 mmol/L, a base excess of 40.6, and a potassium concentration of 1.9 mmol/L.
Primary diagnoses included metabolic alkalosis secondary to fludrocortisone therapy with respiratory compensation, hypokalemia, and hypochloremia. He initially received potassium replacement with cardiac monitoring, followed by permissive hypercapnia in the intensive care unit. He received acetazolamide to further improve his acid-base status. The patient had a good outcome with gradual return of his pH and bicarbonate levels to baseline. He was then discharged.

Conclusion
Iatrogenic mineralocorticoid excess should be considered when the patient presents with significantly raised bicarbonate levels. When starting fludrocortisone, renal function needs to be diligently monitored due to risk of hypokalemia metabolic alkalosis.
MELAS syndrome and risk of infection
Authors: Saleem Muskaan , Sohail Myra , Akhtar Ahmad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This perspective explores the relationship between mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome and an increased risk of infections. Mitochondrial dysfunction impairs immune cell function, impacting the body’s defense against pathogens. Additional effects on the immune system may manifest through altered B-cell function and disruptions in the gut microbiota balance. The complex connection between infections, MELAS symptoms, and treatment complicates patient management. We propose greater focus on genetic abnormalities and their immunologic impacts, indicating a possible path for targeted pharmaceutical therapies to improve overall illness management.
Decrements in Morning and Evening Energy Are Associated With a Higher Symptom Burden in Patients With Gynecologic Cancers Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Asakitogum David Ayangba , Nutor Jerry J. , Hammer Marilyn J. , Pozzar Rachel , Paul Steven M. , Cooper Bruce A. , Conley Yvette P. , Levine Jon , Miaskowski Christine 
Published: November 2024

Background
Decrements in energy are a significant problem associated with chemotherapy. To date, no study examined the variability of energy in patients with gynecologic cancers.

Objective
To identify distinct morning and evening energy profiles in patients with gynecologic cancers and evaluate for differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, other common symptoms, and quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes.

Methods
A sample of 232 patients with gynecologic cancers completed questionnaires 6 times over 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Latent profile analysis was used to identify distinct morning and evening energy profiles. Differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, other common symptoms, and QOL outcomes were evaluated using parametric and nonparametric tests.

Results
Three distinct morning (ie, high [9.2%], low [63.1%], very low [27.1%]) and 2 distinct evening (moderate [30.6%], very low [69.4%]) energy classes were identified. Clinical risk factors associated with the worst morning energy profiles included lower functional status and a higher comorbidity burden. Less likely to exercise on a regular basis was the only characteristic associated with the worst evening energy profile. For both symptoms, the worst profiles were associated with higher levels of depression and sleep disturbance, lower levels of cognitive function, and poorer QOL.

Conclusions
Approximately 70% of patients with gynecologic cancers experienced decrements in morning and evening energy. The study identified modifiable risk factors associated with more decrements in morning and evening energy.

Implications for Practice
Clinicians can use these findings to identify higher-risk patients and develop individualized energy conservation interventions for these vulnerable patients.
99mTc-PSMA and 99mTc-FAPI-46 Uptake in Pulmonary Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis
Authors: Raeisi Nasrin , Aghaee Atena , Aryana Kamran , Soltani Salman , Ghorbani Hamidreza 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This case report presents a rare instance of pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis (PLC) in a prostate cancer patient, showcasing uptake of 99mTc–prostate-specific membrane antigen and 99mTc-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-46 on imaging scans. A 70-year-old man with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels exhibited respiratory symptoms and was diagnosed with widespread skeletal and pulmonary metastases. Following taxane-based chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy, imaging revealed decreased uptake and improvement in clinical symptoms, indicating treatment response. PLC in prostate cancer is exceptionally rare, with only limited documented cases. This report highlights the diagnostic value of 99mTc–prostate-specific membrane antigen and 99mTc–fibroblast activation protein inhibitor scans in identifying PLC and monitoring treatment response, offering insights into the management of this challenging condition.
Facial Nerve Reanimation Using Free-functioning Gracilis Muscle Transfer in Adolescent Patients. Long-term Follow-up With Outcome Assessment Using House-Brackmann Facial Nerve Grading System
Authors: Opyrchał Jakub , Bula Daniel , Krakowczyk Dominika , Walczak Dominik , Krakowczyk Łukasz 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
Facial nerve palsy is a condition that carries significant consequences, especially when it occurs during adolescence. It represents a considerable clinical problem due to limited treatment options, as well as the fact that it has significant cosmetic and functional implications. In adolescents with persistent facial palsy, microsurgical procedures for dynamic facial reanimation may effectively restore facial symmetry. A commonly performed intervention is free-functioning muscle transfer.

Methods:
The study group includes 10 pediatric patients aged 11 to 17 with diagnosed persistent facial nerve palsy, surgically treated for the restoration of mimic muscle function between 2018 and 2022. All patients included in the study underwent surgical treatment using free-functioning muscle transfer. The average observation period was 38 months (range: 21–54 mo). To objectively assess the return of function of the transferred innervated muscle flap during treatment and postoperative recovery, the House-Brackmann Facial Nerve Grading System was used.

Results:
At an average observation period of 38 months, at least grade 3 according to the HBGS scoring system was demonstrated in all cases. Twelve months after the procedure, 6 patients (60%) were classified as grade 3, and in 4 cases (40%), the achieved symmetry was sufficient to obtain grade 2. No patient reported limitations in the adduction of the lower limb resulting from the harvest of the gracillis muscle.

Conclusions:
Further research should focus on patient-reported outcomes, conducting studies on a large study group could lead to the development of a clinical algorithm that could facilitate the assessment and effectively assist in the treatment of facial palsy.
Tenascin-C from the tissue microenvironment promotes muscle stem cell self-renewal through Annexin A2
Authors: Loreti Mafalda , Cecchini Alessandra , Kaufman Collin D. , Stamenkovic Cedomir , Renero Alma , Nicoletti Chiara , Kervadec Anais , Guarnaccia Gabriele , Mayer Daphne , Colas Alexandre , Puri Pier Lorenzo , Sacco Alessandra 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYSkeletal muscle tissue self-repair occurs through the finely timed activation of resident muscle stem cells (MuSC). Following perturbation, MuSC exit quiescence, undergo myogenic commitment, and differentiate to regenerate the injured muscle. This process is coordinated by signals present in the tissue microenvironment, however the precise mechanisms by which the microenvironment regulates MuSC activation are still poorly understood. Here, we identified Tenascin-C (TnC), an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein, as a key player in promoting of MuSC self-renewal and function. We show that fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are the primary cellular source of TnC during muscle repair, and that MuSC sense TnC signaling through cell the surface receptor Annexin A2. We provide in vivo evidence that TnC is required for efficient muscle repair, as mice lacking TnC exhibit a regeneration phenotype of premature aging. We propose that the decline of TnC in physiological aging contributes to inefficient muscle regeneration in aged muscle. Taken together, our results highlight the pivotal role of TnC signaling during muscle repair in healthy and aging skeletal muscle.
Exploring fractal dimensions on ultrasound of gonadal images for sex determination in shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum)
Authors: Balazadeh Keyvan , Litvak Matthew K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSturgeon are often viewed as monomorphic species because they often lack external features that allow differentiation between sexes. Current practices for sexing sturgeon rely heavily on surgical invasive procedures to visually examine gonadal tissues. An alternative which is widely used in different species of Acipenserids is the use of ultrasound to sex them. The challenge with ultrasound is that it requires an experienced operator to successfully sex the fish by recognizing relevant patterns in the structures of gonads. The objective of this study is to attempt to lay the groundwork for potential systematization of sexing techniques using a portable ultrasound as a medium. We used texture analysis software based on lacunarity measurements and fractal dimensions to determine whether male gonads, female granular tissue (GT) and female pinheads were significantly different from each other using two different resolutions on the ultrasound machine. Male gonads and GT were significantly different from pinheads in lacunarity measurements (p=0.001) using 10-12Mhz general resolution imaging. Fractal dimensions did not result in any significant differences. Lacunarity has the potential to determine sex based on gray level-co-occurrence matrices and the software is freely available. We have also developed a relative probability table based on the data gathered on lacunarity in this study available as supplementary material for quick reference.
Multilayer network analysis for the interconnectedness between financial sectors and new energy companies in China
Authors: Dai Zhifeng , Zhu Haoyang 
Published: November 2024

PurposeWe investigate the interconnectedness between the financial sectors and new energy companies in China from the perspective of the multilayer network, and analyze the static and time-varying characteristics of the multilayer network at system and company levels, respectively.Design/methodology/approachWe employ the multilayer network containing the realized volatility (RV here after) layer, the realized skewness (RS here after) layer and the realized kurtosis (RK here after) layer. The three realized indicators adopted to construct the multilayer network are generated by the intraday trading data from 2012 to 2022.Findings(1) Different layers have different characteristics, and can provide supplementary information. (2) Banks tend to play the role of risk transmitters on the whole, while the insurances and new energy companies tend to play the role of risk receivers on average. (3) The connectedness strength of financial sectors and new energy companies varies over time, and climbs sharply during the major crisis events. The roles of financial sectors and new energy companies may change from risk transmitters to risk receivers, and vice versa.Originality/valueWe adopt three realized indicators to construct the three-layer network, which provides a more comprehensive perspective for understanding the connectedness between the financial sectors and new energy companies in China.