bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relating Reading Comprehension to Oral Reading Performance in the NAEP Fourth‐Grade Special Study of Oral Reading
Authors: Sabatini John , Wang Zuowei , O’Reilly Tenaha 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this secondary analysis study, the authors explored the relations between reading comprehension and oral reading performance in fourth‐grade students, using a data set from the U.S. National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) special study of oral reading. The data set consisted of 1,713 students randomly selected from the 140,000 fourth graders who participated in the 2002 main NAEP reading assessment. Oral reading was measured by word‐reading accuracy, rate, and prosody. The authors investigated how these variables related to NAEP comprehension across the ability distribution, with a focus on students with low comprehension scores. The results add to the literature in several ways. First, indicators of oral reading fluency continue to explain variation in reading comprehension, even when students had been given multiple opportunities to familiarize themselves with the passage that they read aloud. Second, word‐reading accuracy and reading rate independently explained comprehension scores. Third, the authors observed qualitatively different profiles of fourth‐grade readers with low comprehension scores. Nearly all students with reading rates lower than one standard deviation below the mean also had problems with word recognition, as evidenced by the relatively higher number of word‐reading errors and low prosody ratings. The authors interpret these findings in light of the lexical quality hypothesis and the verbal efficiency theory, which emphasize the importance of word‐level accuracy and automaticity to reading comprehension.
Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells for the Treatment of Surgical Disorders in the Fetus and Neonate
Authors: Kunisaki Shaun M. 
Published: August 2018

Summary
Over the past decade, amniotic fluid-derived stem cells have emerged as a novel experimental approach aimed at improving outcomes in children with congenital anomalies, including spina bifida, heart defects, and diaphragmatic hernia. Interest in these cells for the treatment of prenatally diagnosed diseases has arisen based on numerous studies demonstrating the relative ease of harvesting an abundant quantity of amniocytes from a small aliquot of fluid, the unique properties of amniocytes themselves, and the beneficial effects of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells in experimental animal models. This report gives a brief overview of the rationale and current status of amniotic fluid stem cell-based therapies, focusing on its relevance to birth defects affecting the fetus and neonate. The author proposes a roadmap for further study that would be required prior to clinical application of amniotic fluid stem cell technologies.
Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Evaluation of Piperazyl‐alkyl‐Ether Linked 7‐Chloroquinoline‐Chalcone/Ferrocenyl Chalcone Conjugates
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Viljoen Albertus , Kremer Laurent , Kumar Vipan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA series of piperazyl‐alkyl‐ether linked 7‐chloroquinoline‐chalcone/ferrocenyl chalcone conjugates were synthesized and evaluated for their anti‐mycobacterial activities against the mc26230 strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and cytotoxicity against the Vero cell line. While all the compounds showed limited cytotoxicity, the ferrocenyl‐chalcone conjugate with pentyl chain as spacer proved to be most potent among the series with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 14 μg/mL.
Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon Derived from Carbazole‐Substituted Tetraphenylethylene‐Based Hypercrosslinked Polymer for High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Deka Namrata , Deka Jumi , Dutta Gitish K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNitrogen‐doped porous carbons are synthesized by KOH activation of hypercrosslinked 1,1,2,2‐tetrakis (4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)ethene (HTCP) polymer for efficient supercapacitor application. The obtained materials possess combined microporous and mesoporous structures with high BET surface area of upto 2226 m2 g−1 and nitrogen content of upto 2.62%. These structural properties result in increased accessible surface and redox sites for enhanced electrochemical capacitive storage. Effects of nitrogen functionalities and carbonization temperature on the porous materials are studied by monitoring the capacitive behaviours of the samples. The material afforded by carbonization of HTCP at 700 °C (HTCP‐700) offers a high specific capacitance of 445 F g−1 (1 A g−1) and excellent cycle durability of nearly 100% retention upto 10000 cycles in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge‐discharge experiments indicate a good rate capability (278 F g−1 at 20 A g−1). The supercapacitor device fabricated with PVA‐H2SO4 gel electrolyte using HTCP‐700 as an active material delivered maximum energy density of 11.6 W h kg−1.
One‐Dimensional Nanowire Hybrids Constructed from Silver Nanowire and Carboxylic Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Electrochemical Simultaneous Determination of Guanine and Adenine
Authors: Hu Bibo , Huang Jianzhi , Wang Lishi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA facile and novel strategy based on one‐dimensional (1D) nanowires hybrid nanocomposites constructed from silver nanowires@carboxylic multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (Ag NWs@MWCNTs‐COOH) was proposed for the electrochemical simultaneous determination of guanine and adenine in DNA. Due to the synergistic effect between Ag NWs and MWCNTs‐COOH, the proposed 1D nanowires hybrid sensor exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity, high selectivity and high sensitivity toward the simultaneous determination of guanine and adenine. The Ag NWs@MWCNTs‐COOH/GCE sensor showed wider linear range of 0.2–60 μmol dm−3 and 0.2–60 μmol dm−3 with lower detection limit of 0.08 μmol dm−3 (S/N=3) and 0.08 μmol dm−3 (S/N=3) for guanine and adenine determination, respectively. This proposed nanocomposites sensor has potential usage in clinical diagnosis and biological samples detection.
One‐step Microwave‐assisted Synthesis of Indium Tin Oxide Nanoparticles for NIR‐Selective Dynamic Window Applications
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Ding Ning , Lu Yanru , Yin Xi Jiang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIndium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by a one‐step microwave‐assisted environmentally benign method. By changing the molar ratio of In and Sn, the obtained ITO nanoparticles show the variation in particle size and morphology. When printed on conductive glass, ITO nanoparticles with different Sn content exhibit tunable adsorption properties in a near‐infrared (NIR) range. By regulating the surface electron density of the nanoparticles, their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) can be dynamically and reversibly modulated. ITO nanoparticle was screen printed on conductive glass, followed by heat treatment, and was equipped with a counter electrode to obtain a NIR selective dynamic window with enhanced NIR optical contrast. The devices exhibited a 56% reversible modulation of the light transmission in a wide range from 750 to 2600 nm. The maximum variation of 74% was observed at 2000 nm. The charging and discharging mechanisms for ITO thin films were also investigated.
Fluorescence of Nonaromatic Organic Systems and Room Temperature Phosphorescence of Organic Luminogens: The Intrinsic Principle and Recent Progress
Authors: Li Qianqian , Tang Youhong , Hu Wenping , Li Zhen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFollowing the development of photoluminescence systems with various compositions, some nontraditional structures, including nonaromatic organic systems as fluorophores and organic luminogens as the source of phosphorescence emission at room temperature, have attracted considerable attention for their advantages in biological and medical applications, and for the updated photophysical understandings in science. In this Review, the recent progress in understanding these organic compounds or polymers for fluorescence and phosphorescence is briefly summarized, with the aim of exploring the intrinsic principle of these novel photoluminescence systems and providing reasonable constructs for molecular design. Finally, some prospects are suggested for further development of this continually expanding area of research, with the coined concept of Molecular Uniting Set Identified Characteristic (MUSIC).
Vanadium Dioxide: The Multistimuli Responsive Material and Its Applications
Authors: Ke Yujie , Wang Shancheng , Liu Guowei , Li Ming , White Timothy J. , Long Yi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe reversible, ultrafast, and multistimuli responsive phase transition of vanadium dioxide (VO2) makes it an intriguing “smart” material. Its crystallographic transition from the monoclinic to tetragonal phases can be triggered by diverse stimuli including optical, thermal, electrical, electrochemical, mechanical, or magnetic perturbations. Consequently, the development of high‐performance smart devices based on VO2 grows rapidly. This review systematically summarizes VO2‐based emerging technologies by classifying different stimuli (inputs) with their corresponding responses (outputs) including consideration of the mechanisms at play. The potential applications of such devices are vast and include switches, memories, photodetectors, actuators, smart windows, camouflages, passive radiators, resonators, sensors, field effect transistors, magnetic refrigeration, and oscillators. Finally, the challenges of integrating VO2 into smart devices are discussed and future developments in this area are considered.
The Influence of Carbon Nitride Nanosheets Doping on the Crystalline Formation of MIL‐88B(Fe) and the Photocatalytic Activities
Authors: Lei Zhen‐Dong , Xue Yuan‐Cheng , Chen Wen‐Qian , Li Lin , Qiu Wen‐Hui , Zhang Yong , Tang Liang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this research, bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is exfoliated and transferred to the carbon nitride nanosheets (CNNSs), which are then coupled with MIL‐88B(Fe) to form the hybrid. From the results of the powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, it is found that the doping of CNNSs on the surface of MIL‐88(Fe) could maintain the basic structure of MIL‐88B(Fe), and the smaller dimension of CNNSs might influence the crystallization process of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) compared to bulk g‐C3N4. Besides, the effects of the CNNSs incorporation on photocatalysis are also investigated. Through the photoluminescence spectra, electrochemical measurements, and photocatalytic experiments, the hybrid containing 6% CNNSs is certified to possess the highest catalytic activity to degrade methylene blue and reduce Cr(VI) under visible light. The improvement of the photocatalytic performance can be attributed to the matched energy level which favors the formation of the heterojunctions. Besides, it promotes the charge migration such that the contact between MOFs and CNNSs is more intimate, which can be inferred from the electronic microscopy images. Finally, a possible photocatalytic mechanism is put forward by the relative calculation and the employment of the scavengers to trap the active species.
Synthesis and Progress of New Oxygen‐Vacant Electrode Materials for High‐Energy Rechargeable Battery Applications
Authors: Wang Yuyin , Xiao Xiao , Li Qing , Pang Huan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDuring the last few years, a great amount of oxygen‐vacant materials have been synthetized and applied as electrodes for electrochemical storage. The presence of oxygen vacancies leads to an increase in the conductivity and the diffusion coefficient; consequently, the controllable synthesis of oxygen vacancy plays an important role in improving the electrochemical performance, including achieving high specific capacitance, high power density, high energy density, and good cycling stability of the electrode materials for batteries. This review mainly focuses on research progress in the preparation of oxygen‐vacant nanostructures and the application of materials with oxygen vacancies in various batteries (such as lithium‐ion, lithium–oxygen, and sodium‐ion batteries). Challenges related to and opportunities for oxygen‐vacant materials are also provided.
High‐Performance Biscrolled MXene/Carbon Nanotube Yarn Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Zhiyu , Qin Si , Seyedin Shayan , Zhang Jizhen , Wang Jiangting , Levitt Ariana , Li Na , Haines Carter , Ovalle‐Robles Raquel , Lei Weiwei , Gogotsi Yury , Baughman Ray H. , Razal Joselito M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractYarn‐shaped supercapacitors (YSCs) once integrated into fabrics provide promising energy storage solutions to the increasing demand of wearable and portable electronics. In such device format, however, it is a challenge to achieve outstanding electrochemical performance without compromising flexibility. Here, MXene‐based YSCs that exhibit both flexibility and superior energy storage performance by employing a biscrolling approach to create flexible yarns from highly delaminated and pseudocapacitive MXene sheets that are trapped within helical yarn corridors are reported. With specific capacitance and energy and power densities values exceeding those reported for any YSCs, this work illustrates that biscrolled MXene yarns can potentially provide the conformal energy solution for powering electronics beyond just the form factor of flexible YSCs.
Quantum Dot–Based FRET Immunoassay for HER2 Using Ultrasmall Affinity Proteins
Authors: Wu Yu‐Tang , Qiu Xue , Lindbo Sarah , Susumu Kimihiro , Medintz Igor L. , Hober Sophia , Hildebrandt Niko 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEngineered scaffold affinity proteins are used in many biological applications with the aim of replacing natural antibodies. Although their very small sizes are beneficial for multivalent nanoparticle conjugation and efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), the application of engineered affinity proteins in such nanobiosensing formats has been largely neglected. Here, it is shown that very small (≈6.5 kDa) histidine‐tagged albumin‐binding domain‐derived affinity proteins (ADAPTs) can efficiently self‐assemble to zwitterionic ligand–coated quantum dots (QDs). These ADAPT–QD conjugates are significantly smaller than QD‐conjugates based on IgG, Fab', or single‐domain antibodies. Immediate applicability by the quantification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in serum‐containing samples using time‐gated Tb‐to‐QD FRET detection on the clinical benchtop immunoassay analyzer KRYPTOR is demonstrated here. Limits of detection down to 40 × 10−12m (≈8 ng mL−1) are in a relevant clinical concentration range and outperform previously tested assays with antibodies, antibody fragments, and nanobodies.
High‐Throughput Optical Mapping of Replicating DNA
Authors: De Carli Francesco , Menezes Nikita , Berrabah Wahiba , Barbe Valérie , Genovesio Auguste , Hyrien Olivier 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDNA replication is a crucial process for the universal ability of living organisms to reproduce. Genome‐wide methods to map DNA replication use large cell populations, which smoothes out variability between chromosomal copies. Single‐molecule methods may reveal this variability but remain refractory to automation, precluding genome‐wide analyses. Here, the Bionano Genomics Irys system, an optical DNA mapping device, is repurposed for high‐throughput optical mapping of replicating DNA (HOMARD). HOMARD combines direct fluorescent labeling of replication tracks and nicking endonuclease sites with DNA linearization in nanochannel arrays and dedicated image processing. The robustness of this approach is demonstrated by an ultrahigh coverage (23 311×) replication map of bacteriophage λ‐DNA in Xenopus egg extracts. This coverage, by far the highest ever reported for a single‐molecule replication study, confirms with unprecedented statistical significance the lack of sequence preference for replication initiation in this system. The tools developed here open the way to genome‐wide analysis of DNA replication at the single‐molecule level and may be readily adapted for similar studies of other epigenetic features.
Interpenetrated Bacteria‐Carbon Nanotubes Film for Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Kou Tianyi , Yang Yang , Yao Bin , Li Yat 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMicrobial fuel cells (MFCs) hold great potential for bioremediation and bioelectricity generation. To boost the power density of MFCs, tremendous efforts are devoted to improving the bioanode's design, mainly on increasing the bacteria‐accessible electrode surface area. However, even for porous electrodes, it is difficult to fully utilize the interior surface for bacteria colonization. While making the pores larger improves the mass transport of bacteria, it limits the total surface area per unit mass or volume, and thus, the loading number of bacteria. Here, a bacteria‐carbon nanotube (CNT) interpenetrated electrode structure is demonstrated that is capable of accommodating a large number of bacteria and offering a highly conductive network for charge transfer. The MFC device with the bacteria‐CNT composite film as the anode achieves a remarkable power density of 34 W m−3 (normalized to the volume of the anode chamber) and 12 102 W m−3 (normalized to the volume of the anode). In addition to high power density, the unique composite structure allows CNTs to have immediate and maximal access to the bacteria embedded in the electrode, and thus, skipping the step of biofilm formation and reaching the maximum current immediately.
Hybridization and Genetic Structure in Phenotypic Spotted Bass in Texas
Authors: Lutz‐Carrillo Dijar J. , Husemann Martin , Bean Preston T. , Williamson Jánaye C. , De Jesús Marcos J. , Ray Jesse W. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHybridization is common in fishes and can result in a wide range of outcomes. The capture of a world record phenotypic Guadalupe BassMicropterus treculiiraised questions about potential hybridization with Spotted BassM. punctulatus. Subsequent, limited genetic sampling from the drainage (Colorado River) did not indicate hybridization in the world record sample or other phenotypic Guadalupe Bass, but phenotypic Spotted Bass produced unexpected genotypes. This called into question the assumed distribution of Spotted Bass in Texas. To address this disconnect, phenotypic Spotted Bass were acquired from drainages surrounding the Colorado River, ranging from central Texas to the Texas–Louisiana border, and the number of sequenced loci was expanded from one to seven. Results indicated that the westernmost extent of nonintrogressed Spotted Bass populations in Texas was the Trinity River. Phenotypic Spotted Bass west of this drainage were identified as Guadalupe Bass or hybrids. Admixed individuals identified in the San Antonio and Brazos River drainages (and previously in the Colorado River) may represent part of a hybrid zone. We also found that Spotted Bass from the Trinity River exhibited relatively large genetic divergence from Spotted Bass to the east and may represent the product of a vicariance event. Finally, we confirmed one mitochondrial and two nuclear taxa‐specific genetic markers for the efficient discrimination of these congeners and their hybrids. These markers should be useful for resource agencies attempting to enforce management regulations given the difficulty of identifying Spotted Bass by phenotype.
Association between pelvic floor muscle trauma and contraction in parous women from a general population
Authors: Nyhus M. Ø. , Salvesen K. Å. , Volløyhaug I. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo study possible associations between pelvic floor muscle contraction, levator ani muscle (LAM) trauma and/or pelvic organ prolapse (POP) ≥ Stage 2 in parous women recruited from a general population.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of data from a cross‐sectional study of 608 parous women from a general population examined using the POP quantification system (POP‐Q) and three‐dimensional/four‐dimensional transperineal ultrasound for identification of LAM macrotrauma (avulsion) and microtrauma (distension of levator hiatal area > 75th percentile on Valsalva maneuver). Muscle contraction was assessed using the modified Oxford scale (MOS), perineometry and ultrasound measurement of proportional change of anteroposterior hiatal diameter and levator hiatal area at rest and on pelvic floor muscle contraction. The Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to study associations between pelvic floor muscle contraction, LAM trauma and POP.ResultsWomen with macrotrauma (n = 113) had significantly weaker median pelvic floor muscle contraction, as measured using MOS and perineometry, than did women with an intact LAM (n = 493) (contraction strength was 1.5 (range, 0.0–5.0) vs 3.5 (range, 0.0–5.0) on MOS, and vaginal squeeze pressure was 15.0 (range, 0.0–78.0) cmH2O vs 28.0 (range, 0.0–129.0) cmH2O on perineometry; P < 0.001). This was also demonstrated by ultrasound measurement, with a proportional change in hiatal area of 19.9% (range, 4.1–48.0%) vs 34.0% (range, 0.0–64.0%) (P < 0.001) and proportional change in anteroposterior diameter of 16.2% (range, –5.7 to 42.6%) vs 26.0% (range, –3.4 to 49.4%) (P < 0.001). No statistically significant difference between women with (n = 65), and those without (n = 378), microtrauma was found after excluding women with macrotrauma. Women with POP had weaker muscle contraction than those without; in those with POP‐Q ≥ 2 (n = 275) compared with those with POP‐Q < 2 (n = 333), muscle contraction strength was 3.0 (range, 0.0–5.0) vs 3.5 (range, 0.0–5.0) on MOS, vaginal squeeze pressure was 21.0 (range, 0.0–98.0) cmH2O vs 28.0 (range, 3.0–129.0) cmH2O on perineometry, proportional change in hiatal area was 29.6% (range, 0.0–60.9%) vs 33.8% (range, 0.0–64.4%) and proportional change in anteroposterior diameter was 22.8% (range, –5.7 to 49.4%) vs 25.7% (range, –3.4 to 49.4%) (P < 0.001 for all).ConclusionsLAM macrotrauma was associated with weaker pelvic floor muscle contraction measured using palpation, perineometry and ultrasound. Women with POP had weaker contraction than did women without POP. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Computation of the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimate of a univariate log‐concave density
Authors: Wang Yong 
Published: August 2018

Algorithms for computing the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimate of a univariate log‐concave density are briefly described, and some relevant issues discussed. The fast few algorithms are further numerically compared in a small‐scale simulation study.This article is categorized under:Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Density EstimationStatistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric MethodsAlgorithms and Computational Methods > Algorithms