bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lignin‐Assisted Photoreactions: Unveiling New Frontiers in Light‐Induced Chemistry
Authors: Guo Hongda , Luo Xiongfei , Wang Luyao , Yang Chenhui , Li Shujun , Liu Shouxin , Li Jian , Chen Zhijun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLignin, the most abundant aromatic biopolymer, is emerging as a mainstay of the upcoming revolution in sustainable materials processing. Despite the inherent challenges associated with the heterogeneous structure of lignin, significant progress has recently been made in developing innovative strategies to valorize this fascinating aromatic biopolymer to deliver industry‐demanded products via photoreactions. The purpose of this concept article is to unravel insights into these creative approaches in lignin‐assisted photoreactions, focusing on photopolymerization to construct functional polymeric materials and photoreduction to provide valuable chemicals, wherein lignin serves as a macromolecular photoinitiator and a reductive photocatalyst, respectively. The existing strategies for improving the photochemical quantum yield of lignin in photopolymerization and harnessing lignin macromolecules as photoresponsive polymers to facilitate electron transfer in photocatalytic reactions are also summarized. In the future, such photochemical lignin valorization concepts could potentially provide new possibilities for achieving a profitable value chain for integrated biorefinery processes.
New Ester‐Containing Azole Derivatives With Potent Anti‐Candida Effects: Synthesis, Antifungal Susceptibility, Cytotoxicity, and Molecular Modeling Studies
Authors: Ataker Yusuf , Öncü Özge , Gülmez Dolunay , Sabuncuoğlu Suna , Arikan‐Akdagli Sevtap , Sari Suat 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMortalities due to mycoses have dramatically increased with the emergence of drug‐resistant strains and growing immune‐compromised populations globally. Azole antifungals have been the first choice against fungal infections of a wide spectrum and several azole derivatives with ester function were reported for their potentially promising and favorable activity against Candida spp. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of 1‐(aryl)−2‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl/1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)ethyl esters, and tested them against seven reference Candida strains using EUCAST reference microdilution method. Among the series, 6a, 6d, and 6g proved highly potent in vitro compared to fluconazole; especially against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis with minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) values as low as 0.125 and 0.06 mg/L, respectively, although their activities against Candida krusei and Candida glabrata remained limited. The compounds also showed minimal toxicity to murine fibroblasts according to the in vitro cytotoxicity tests. Molecular modeling predicted 6g as an orally available druglike compound according to all parameters and CYP51 inhibition as the likely mechanism for their antifungal effects. The study underpins the promise of azoles with ester functionality as a potential scaffold for small‐molecule antifungal drug design.
Genetic Diversity and Structure of Physaria on the Kaibab Plateau: Implications for Conservation
Authors: Chong Jer Pin , Minnaert‐Grote Jamie , Zaya David N. , Ashley Mary V. , Coons Janice , Ramp Neale Jennifer M. , Molano‐Flores Brenda 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAssessing patterns of genetic diversity within and among closely related congeners is important for evaluating the conservation status of rare plant taxa. We used nuclear microsatellite genotyping to examine the genetic relatedness among three Physaria taxa on the Kaibab Plateau in northern Arizona. Over 100 species of Physaria are recognized, and are widely distributed in Western North America. On the Kaibab Plateau several taxa occur, including Physaria arizonica and two subspecies of P. kingii, P. kingii subsp. latifolia and P. kingii subsp. kaibabensis. The latter subspecies, the Kaibab bladderpod, is rare and endemic to the Kaibab Plateau and is a potential candidate to be listed under the Endangered Species Act. Morphological characters, primarily flower color, have been used to distinguish P. kingii subsp. kaibabensis from other subspecies. Here we aim to assess its genetic diversity and differentiation as compared to congeners on and around the Kaibab Plateau. We genotyped DNA obtained from leaf samples from 463 individuals collected from 26 sites representing the three putative taxa (12 P. kingii subsp. kaibabensis, 8 P. kingii subsp. latifolia, and 6 P. arizonica). Our results showed that all samples initially identified as P. kingii subsp. latifolia and P. kingii subsp. kaibabensis on the Kaibab Plateau form a single genetic cluster that is well‐differentiated from P. kingii subsp. latifolia sampled from sites off the plateau or P. arizonica on or off the plateau. For P. kingii on the plateau, our findings do not support the previous subspecies designations based on morphological characters. While additional studies of P. kingii will further resolve taxonomic uncertainties within this species, our findings indicate that the Kaibab Plateau population is genetically diverse and genetically distinct, and federal protection is justified in light of the threats faced on the Kaibab Plateau and its limited range.
Accurate Detection of scutellata‐Hybrids (Africanized Bees) Using a SNP‐Based Diagnostic Assay
Authors: Dogantzis Kathleen A. , Patel Harshilkumar , Rose Stephen , Conflitti Ida M. , Dey Alivia , Tiwari Tanushree , Chapman Nadine C. , Kadri Samir M. , Patch Harland M. , Muli Elliud M. , Alqarni Abdulaziz S. , Allsopp Michael H. , Zayed Amro 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHybrid populations of Africanized honey bees (scutellata‐hybrids), notable for their defensive behaviour, have spread rapidly throughout South and North America since their unintentional introduction. Although their migration has slowed, the large‐scale trade and movement of honey bee queens and colonies raise concern over the accidental importation of scutellata‐hybrids to previously unoccupied areas. Therefore, developing an accurate and robust assay to detect scutellata‐hybrids is an important first step toward mitigating risk. Here, we used an extensive population genomic dataset to assess the genomic composition of Apis mellifera native populations and patterns of genetic admixture in North and South American commercial honey bees. We used this dataset to develop a SNP assay, where 80 markers, combined with machine learning classification, can accurately differentiate between scutellata‐hybrids and non‐scutellata‐hybrid commercial colonies. The assay was validated on 1263 individuals from colonies located in Canada, the United States, Australia and Brazil. Notably, we demonstrate that using a reduced SNP set of as few as 10 loci can still provide accurate results.
Seagrass Tolerance to Simulated Herbivory Along a Latitudinal Gradient: Predicting the Potential Effects of Tropicalisation
Authors: Garthwin Ruby G. , Poore Alistair G. B. , Ferretto Giulia , Wright Jeffrey T. , Vergés Adriana 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe polewards range expansion of tropical herbivorous fish into temperate latitudes is leading to overgrazing of marine habitats and community phase shifts in some regions. Here, we test the potential effects of increased herbivory on the temperate habitat‐forming seagrass Posidonia australis. We used a series of simulated herbivory experiments to predict the potential impacts of climate‐mediated increases in seagrass consumption along P. australis entire latitudinal range (~9° latitude) in eastern Australia (1700 km of coastline). We subjected treatment plots to two levels of simulated herbivory (10% or 80% of leaves clipped) and compared them to unclipped controls. We measured seagrass leaf growth rates and tissue chemical traits: carbohydrates in rhizomes, leaf phenolics, and nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, and C:N ratio) in leaves and rhizomes. At the warmest range‐edge population, we also tested how responses to increased herbivory may vary between summer and winter, or with repeated clipping events. Clipped shoots maintained growth rates similar to unclipped controls despite losing up to 80% of leaf biomass. This was consistent along the full latitudinal range and after repeated simulated herbivory at the northernmost location. One‐off clipping events impacted plant architecture, increasing the number of subdividing shoots. At the species range edge, leaves grew more in winter than in summer, and clipping tended to lower seagrass growth only in winter; however, higher levels of shoot subdivision were produced over summer than in winter. Plant chemical traits could not explain consistently the growth patterns observed despite some traits varying with latitude (e.g., leaf nitrogen content decreased with latitude and C:N ratio increased) and/or simulated herbivory. Synthesis: P. australis growth is not affected by increases in simulated herbivory and may be relatively resilient to future increases in seagrass consumption, suggesting that this species could be a relative ‘winner’ under future climate change conditions that lead to enhanced herbivory.
Transcriptome‐Wide Association Analysis of Flavonoid Biosynthesis Genes and Their Correlation With Leaf Phenotypes in Hawk Tea (Litsea coreana var. sinensis)
Authors: Yang Lan , Li Huie , Xie Na , Yuan Gangyi , Guo Qiqiang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHawk tea (Litsea coreana var. sinensis), derived from the tender shoots or leaves, rich in flavonoids can promote healthcare for humans. The primary flavonoid are kaempferol‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside, kaempferol‐3‐O‐β‐D‐galactoside, quercetin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside, and quercetin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐galactoside. The existence of an association between leaf phenotype and flavonoid content, along with the underlying mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis, remains incompletely understood. In this study, 109 samples were analyzed to determine the correlation and genetic variability in leaf phenotype and flavonoid content. Furthermore, a transcriptome‐wide association study identified candidate loci implicated in the biosynthesis of four key flavonoids. The study revealed that genetic variability in leaf traits and flavonoid concentrations is predominantly attributed to interpopulation differences. Flavonoid accumulation was significantly correlated with tree DBH, indicative of age‐related traits. Transcriptome‐wide association analysis identified 84 significant SNPs associated with flavonoid content, with only 13 located within gene regions. The majority of these genes are implicated in metabolic processes and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Notably, structural genes within these regions are directly involved in pathways known to regulate flavonoid metabolism, exerting a pivotal influence on flavonoid biosynthesis. These results revealed the physiological basis for the regulation of flavonoid content, as well as the molecular mechanisms for the biosynthesis of flavonoids in hawk tea. It also lays theoretical groundwork for subsequent explorations into the genetic determinants influencing flavonoid accumulation of hawk tea.
The governance of the recovery and resilience facility. The incremental innovation of standard conditionality regime
Authors: Fernández‐Pasarín Ana Mar , Lanaia Andrea 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHow can we explain the system of governance underlying the conditionality regime of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF)? Two contrasting instruments were adopted by the European Union to deal with the economic impact of the COVID‐19 crisis. The initial adaptation of the intergovernmental European stability mechanism was followed by the RRF, an instrument adopted as an add‐on to the EU budget and combining both supranational delegation and intergovernmental filters. Using the lenses of historical institutionalism, and a coalition‐based explanatory framework, this article examines the impact of past institutionalization patterns on the shift towards the RRF combined model. It argues that space for supranational delegation occurred as the result of the incremental innovation of the standard Community regime at work in EU budget‐related policies.
Optimal Allocation of Depots for Electric Bus Charging: Cost Minimization and Power System Impact Mitigation Using Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming
Authors: Elkholy Sama , Shaaban Mostafa F. , Ali Abdelfatah , Nos Tarnim , Awad Ahmed S. A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a novel approach for the optimal allocation of a depot for electric buses (EBs) charging in a specific transit service, considering the impact on the power system. The main objective is to minimize the total cost, achieved by minimizing the cost of the new cables connecting the depot station to the distribution system and the upgrade cost of existing lines to meet the additional loads. The outcomes are the optimal location of the depot, the optimal electric node bus in the distribution system to supply it, and the required system upgrades. The optimization problem is formulated as a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) model and solved using the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). The methodology is tested on the H16 EB service line in Barcelona, Spain, and a typical electrical distribution system. Three case studies are presented in this paper. In the first case, the impact of a single service on the distribution network is analyzed, and in the second case, three H16 EB services are assumed to serve the network. The third case handles a multi‐route, multi‐terminal bus service to allocate and supply a depot capable of accommodating all the routes. This case will also include sensitivity analysis to test the robustness and reliability of the model. Results show that for a single H16 EB service, no line upgrades were needed, and the total cost per phase was $120,000. For three H16 EB services, three lines required upgrades, and the total cost per phase increased to $718,000. In the third case, the sensitivity analysis revealed that higher demand factors lead to increased costs due to more update requirements and voltage deviations. The results demonstrate that the minimum distance between the depot and node is not always the optimal or feasible solution that would prevent the depot load installation at a weak spot and meet the power flow constraints.
Energy Efficiency Improvement on Railway Lines: An Overview
Authors: Aroso Alberto , Bugarín Miguel Rodríguez 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGreater efficiency in the consumption of energy in the transport sector would mean lower emissions of CO2 and other gases and particles, which contribute to climate change. One of the ways to reduce the impact that the transport sector has on climate change turns out to be the achievement of services with a more efficient consumption of energy per passenger‐km or t‐km transported. Energy consumption has been an ongoing concern in the railway sector practically since its inception. There has always been an interest in finding solutions to reduce it, such as improvements in rolling stock design and the use of regenerative braking which will not be analyzed in this article, and optimal train movement, operation and timetabling, and infrastructure design. This article analyses the existing methodologies that allow the improvement of energy efficiency, and we verified that the developed studies focus more on LRT and Metro systems, and existing infrastructures, namely Urban Rail Transit, characterized by high levels of traffic and energy consumption. However, regarding the analysis of conventional railway infrastructure characteristics and design from an energy efficiency point of view, we found that less has been done relative to strategies to improve energy efficiency.
Design and Simulation of Flat Plate Collector With a Tube Rotation and Phase Change Materials Sn3N4‐LiNO3‐KNO3/Boron‐Arsenide for Enhanced Efficiency
Authors: Shehram Muhammad , Farooq Talha 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSolar thermal energy is crucial in our transition to renewable energy sources. Recent studies have focused on enhancing the efficiency of solar collectors by minimizing thermal energy loss during absorption. A promising approach involves an innovative design that integrates phase change materials (PCMs) and rotating tubes to capture thermal energy more effectively. Advanced nitride‐based salt hydrates, with boron‐arsenide additives, enhance thermal performance of the collector. In a flat plate collector using composite PCMs, radiative heat loss decreases from 250 to 210 W (a 6% reduction) with tube rotation, while convective heat loss drops from 225 to 195 W (a 4% decrease). The decomposition rate of the novel PCMs is low, measuring only 0.5% at a maximum temperature of 850°C, with a specific heat capacity of up to 4.50 W/m K. This unique blend, including the Sn₃N₄‐LiNO₃‐KNO₃/boron arsenide mixture, enhances thermal conductivity by 30%, significantly improving thermal absorption rates. The exergy efficiency achieved with the Nano‐enhanced phase change materials (NEPCM) and tube rotation reaches an impressive 90%. With tube rotation at 3 rad/min, the flat plate collector's efficiency improves by 22%, reaching an overall efficiency of 90% at a fluid flow rate of 25 kg/h. Simulations using Anaconda Jupyter Notebook and Python validate the effectiveness of both tube rotation and NEPCM in enhancing collector efficiency.
Exploring parents' perceptions of computational thinking and its role in children's television
Authors: Lemley Breniel , Aladé Fashina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe rise in children's media use and the prioritization of STEM learning has led to the development of new STEM‐related apps, TV shows, and other media for young children, with several recent examples focused on computational thinking (CT). Learning CT at a young age can be beneficial to children's analytical and problem solving skills. Positive effects of educational media are best realized when the learning is scaffolded by a caregiver, but the ability of parents to scaffold CT lessons is understudied. This study explores parents' perceptions, understanding, and recognition of the CT cues embedded in a new television show for preschoolers. Qualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 30 parents who, together with their children (ages 4–6), viewed two episodes of a new series. Interviews were transcribed and coded using thematic analysis. Most participants had never heard of CT before. When asked to define it, many parents highlighted aspects of CT in their definitions; however, their examples illustrated limited understanding of how CT might be taught to young children. Although some parents had reservations regarding the abstractness and age‐appropriateness of the topic, parents believed CT was an important topic for their children to learn. Research has shown that scaffolding can be beneficial to promoting CT learning in young children. Therefore, for creators of CT‐focused content, it is important that the curricular focus and learning goals are made very clear so that parents and caregivers can scaffold the material in a way that effectively supports their children's learning.
Liposomal Doxorubicin, Vinblastine and Dacarbazine Plus Consolidation Radiotherapy of Residual Nodal Masses for Frontline Treatment in Older Adults With Advanced Stage Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: Improved Outcome in a Multi‐Center Real‐Life Study
Authors: Picardi M. , Vincenzi A. , Giordano C. , Fazio L. De , Pugliese N. , Scarpa A. , Vigliar E. , Troncone G. , Russo D. , Mascolo M. , Esposito G. , Prastaro M. , Santoro C. , Esposito R. , Tocchetti C. G. , Mainolfi C. , Fonti R. , Vecchio S. Del , Carchia M. , Quagliano C. , Salemme A. , Damiano V. , Bianco R. , Trastulli F. , Ronconi F. , Annunziata M. , Pane F. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn elderly patients with high‐risk classic Hodgkin lymphoma (c‐HL), we evaluated the impact of a new modality treatment without bleomycin, that is, liposomal doxorubicin (NPLD)‐based regimen plus consolidation radiotherapy of residual nodal masses (RNMs), on overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). In this retrospective study (2013–2023) conducted in tertiary hospitals in the bay of Naples (Italy), 50 older adults (median age, 69 years; range, 60–89) with advanced stage c‐HL received frontline treatment with MVD ± irradiation. MVD consisted of 25 mg/m2 of NPLD along with standard Vinblastine and Dacarbazine for a total of 6 cycles (twelve iv administrations, every 2 weeks) followed by radiation of RNMs with size ≥ 2.5 cm at computed tomography. Patients underwent MVD with a median dose intensity of 92%. At 2‐deoxy‐2[F‐18] fluoro‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET), 90% of patients (45/50 patients; one failed to perform final FDG‐PET due to early death) reached complete responses. Altogether, 17 patients (34%) received consolidation radiotherapy of RNMs with Deauville score ≥ 3. At 5‐year median follow‐up, the OS and PFS of the entire population were 87.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78.7–97.4) and 81.6% (95% CI, 71.4–93.2), respectively. Eleven patients (22%) experienced grade ≥ 3 adverse events, and 4 of them required hospitalization. Our data suggest that in older adults with high‐risk c‐HL NPLD‐driven strategy (without bleomycin) plus consolidation radiotherapy (if needed) may be a promising up‐front option, to test in phase II clinical trials for improving survival incidence.
Effects of Thermal Performance Enhancement on PTC Downsizing With Emphasis on Cost Savings and Commercial Feasibility: An Extended Evaluation Criterion
Authors: Bessanane Nabil , Demagh Yassine , Si‐ameur Mohamed , Rebay Mourad 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study proposes a new comparative analysis and introduces a new criterion for evaluating the size reduction of heat exchangers, particularly relevant in the context of parabolic trough receivers. Various innovative receivers from the literature, employing different enhancement techniques, were compared with the conventional straight receiver. On the basis of the principle of similarity and using a previously validated one‐dimensional mathematical model and numerical code, a parametric analysis was used to estimate reduction ratios and sizes for different solar receivers. For well‐defined receiver geometries, the main results reveal consistent reduction ratios of around 99.7% and 93.53% for helical screw‐tape and wavy receivers, respectively. This translates to size reductions of approximately 0.3 and 6.5 m compared with a 100‐m‐long conventional straight receiver, respectively. By integrating the ratio and the performance evaluation criterion (PEC) into a unified metric mPEC = PEC/, which accounts for both effectiveness and size reduction, a new classification of receivers is derived, closely aligning with that obtained by the ratio. In addition, a rebalancing analysis of the increased load loss is conducted based on this ratio. It suggests that in a scenario where the wavy receiver replaces the conventional straight receiver in operation, there would be no need to increase pumping power, as its reduced size compensates for the increased pressure drop. This scenario was used to assess the economic impact of a parabolic trough collector power plant in Hassi R'mel (Algerian Sahara). Without any additional components to boost performance, the adoption of the wavy receiver led to significant gains in terms of useful surface area, cost, and length, resulting in savings of over €3.02 million for this 30 MW solar energy field.