bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Crystal Phase of MnO2 with Similar Nanorod‐Shaped Morphology on the Catalytic Performance of Benzene Combustion
Authors: Hu Zhun , Mi Rongli , Yong Xiang , Liu Shuang , Li Dan , Li Yu , Zhang Tao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFour manganese oxides with different crystal structures in the similar nanorod‐shaped morphology were synthesized and investigated for the catalytic combustion of benzene. The physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized by N2 physisorption‐desorption, transmission electron microscope (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectra, O2 temperature programmed desorption (O2‐TPD) and temperature programmed surface reaction (TPSR). The catalytic activities on benzene combustion over various manganese oxides decreased in the order: γ‐MnO2 > β‐MnO2 > α‐MnO2 > δ‐MnO2. The activation energy of benzene combustion over γ‐MnO2 (67.4 kJ/mol) was lower than that over α‐MnO2 (69.2 kJ/mol), β‐MnO2 (79.1 kJ/mol) and δ‐MnO2 (85.2 kJ/mol). The TPSR results with or without gaseous oxygen revealed that the reaction pathway was occurred via MVK mechanism. The surface adsorbed oxygen species concentration and low temperature O2 desorption of these manganese oxides, determined by XPS and O2‐TPD, decreased in the order of γ‐MnO2 > β‐MnO2 > α‐MnO2 > δ‐MnO2, are in good agreement with the sequence of their catalytic performance on benzene combustion. It is concluded that higher surface adsorbed oxygen species ratio and better low temperature O2 desorption were crucial to the superior catalytic performance of the α‐MnO2, β‐MnO2, γ‐MnO2 and δ‐MnO2 materials.
Renewable‐Resource‐Based Waste Materials for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Macchi Samantha , Siraj Noureen , Watanabe Fumiya , Viswanathan Tito 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHerein, renewable resource‐based waste materials (used tea leaves and molasses) were utilized as inexpensive and renewable carbon sources to develop Phosphorus and Nitrogen co‐doped Carbon (PNDC) materials for supercapacitor application. A prompt, low cost, single step, green and facile microwave assisted process was utilized to prepare PNDC materials using the aforementioned biomass. Concentration of the doping elements (P and N) was altered in the resulting PNDC materials by varying the mole ratio of used tea/molasses and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) in the reaction mixture. APP served as the Phosphorus and Nitrogen source as well as the microwave absorber. Detailed characterization of all four PNDCs ‐ two derived from molasses (MOLPNDCs) and two from used tea leaves (TEAPNDCs), were performed to investigate their supercapacitor performance. These materials were characterized both physically via BET, XPS, and SEM analysis and electrochemically via cyclic voltammetry, in both 1 M H2SO4 and 6 M KOH. Pore size, surface area, and elemental compositions of each PNDC was analyzed to investigate the critical parameter for supercapacitor performance of the materials. Among all PNDCs, MOLPNDC‐1 exhibited exceptionally high specific capacitance values of 160 Fg−1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte due to highly mesoporous structure and appropriate Nitrogen content. MOLPNDC‐1 was also found to be stable under continuous cycling for 1500 cycles in both acidic and alkaline conditions.
Dual‐Function, Tunable, Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon for High‐Performance Li Metal–Sulfur Full Cell
Authors: Li Hongyan , Cheng Zheng , Natan Avi , Hafez Ahmed M. , Cao Daxian , Yang Yang , Zhu Hongli 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLithium metal–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are attracting broad interest because of their high capacity. However, the batteries experience the polysulfide shuttle effect in cathode and dendrite growth in the Li metal anode. Herein, a bifunctional and tunable mesoporous carbon sphere (MCS) that simultaneously boosts the performance of the sulfur cathode and the Li anode is designed. The MCS homogenizes the flux of Li ions and inhibits the growth of Li dendrites due to its honeycomb structure with high surface area and abundance of nitrogen sites. The Li@MCS cell exhibits a small overpotential of 29 mV and long cycling performance of 350 h under the current density of 1 mA cm‐2. Upon covering one layer of amorphous carbon on the MCS (CMCS), an individual carbon cage is able to encapsulate sulfur inside and reduce the polysulfide shuttle, which improves the cycling stability of the Li–S battery. As a result, the S@CMCS has a maximum capacity of 411 mAh g‐1 for 200 cycles at a current density of 3350 mA g‐1. Based on the excellent performance, the full Li–S cell assembled with Li@MCS anode and S@CMCS cathode shows much higher capacity than a cell assembled with Li@Cu anode and S@CMCS cathode.
Component‐Interaction Reinforced Quasi‐Solid Electrolyte with Multifunctionality for Flexible Li–O2 Battery with Superior Safety under Extreme Conditions
Authors: Shu Chaozhu , Long Jianping , Dou Shi‐Xue , Wang Jiazhao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHigh‐performance flexible lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries with excellent safety and stability are urgently required due to the rapid development of flexible and wearable devices. Herein, based on an integrated solid‐state design by taking advantage of component‐interaction between poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) and nanofumed silica in polymer matrix, a stable quasi‐solid‐state electrolyte (PS‐QSE) for the Li–O2 battery is proposed. The as‐assembled Li–O2 battery containing the PS‐QSE exhibits effectively improved anodic reversibility (over 200 cycles, 850 h) and cycling stability of the battery (89 cycles, nearly 900 h). The improvement is attributed to the stability of the PS‐QSE (including electrochemical, chemical, and mechanical stability), as well as the effective protection of lithium anode from aggressive soluble intermediates generated in cathode. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the interaction among the components plays a pivotal role in modulating the Li‐ion conducting mechanism in the as‐prepared PS‐QSE. Moreover, the pouch‐type PS‐QSE based Li–O2 battery also shows wonderful flexibility, tolerating various deformations thanks to its integrated solid‐state design. Furthermore, holes can be punched through the Li–O2 battery, and it can even be cut into any desired shape, demonstrating exceptional safety. Thus, this type of battery has the potential to meet the demands of tailorability and comformability in flexible and wearable electronics.
An experimental characterization of the friction coefficient of a wind turbine gearbox lubricant
Authors: Nutakor Charles , Talbot David , Kahraman Ahmet 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, a method to predict the contact friction coefficients at the rolling‐sliding contacts of isotropic superfinished and axially ground gear and bearing surfaces in wind turbine gearboxes is proposed. A two‐disc test rig was used to measure friction coefficient values within a slide‐to‐roll ratio range of −0.8 to 0.8, rolling velocities of 2 to 12 m/s, at oil temperatures of 50°C, 70°C, and 100°C and Hertzian contact pressures of 1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 GPa. A polyalphaolefin (PAO) International Standards Organization (ISO) viscosity grade (VG) 320 was the lubricant. Data from 90 individual friction coefficient tests were combined to develop two closed‐form friction coefficient formulae. A multivariable linear regression analysis was used to derive the regressed formulae. Using the developed regressed formulae, the predicted friction values follow the trend of measured values at all of the operating conditions. The results show that the regressed formulae are close to experimental friction coefficient values. The friction coefficient predictions confirm that the regressed formulae are capable of simulating contact friction values for the lubricated contact conditions considered.
Social and Demographic Predictors of Gender Inequality Among Heterosexual Couples Expecting a Child in Central Kenya
Authors: Vrana-Diaz Caroline J. , Korte Jeffrey E. , Gebregziabher Mulugeta , Richey Lauren , Selassie Anbesaw , Sweat Michael , Gichangi Anthony 
Published: January 2019

AbstractImbalance of power and equality in sexual relationships is linked to health in various ways, including (1) reduced ability to get information or take action, (2) increased violence between partners, and (3) influence on the reduced use of health services. While there has been research assessing multiple social and economic variables related to gender inequality, studies have used many different definitions of gender inequality, and there is a lack of this research within a pregnancy context. Here, we attempt to identify social and economic predictors of gender inequality (measured by decision-making power and acceptance of intimate partner violence) within heterosexual couples expecting a child in central Kenya. We ran a secondary data analysis using data from a three-arm individually randomized controlled HIV self-testing intervention trial conducted in 14 antenatal clinics in central and eastern Kenya among 1410 women and their male partners. The analysis included Cochran Mantel-Haenszel, logistic regression, proportional odds models, and generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) framework to account for site-level clustering. Overall, we show that there are significant social and economic variables associated with acceptance of intimate partner violence including higher age, being married, “other” religion, lower partner education, higher wealth status, and variables associated with decision-making power including lower partner education and lack of equality in earnings. This study contributes to the literature on the influence of social and economic factors on gender inequality, especially in Kenya which has a high burden of HIV/AIDS. Our results show some areas to improve these specific factors (including education and employment opportunities) or create interventions for targeted populations to potentially improve gender equality in heterosexual pregnant couples in Kenya.
The role of diversity in organizational resilience: a theoretical framework
Authors: Duchek Stephanie , Raetze Sebastian , Scheuch Ianina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOrganizations today operate in an increasingly complex and turbulent world in which unexpected events are omnipresent. Thus, they need to develop resilience capabilities to manage unexpected disruptions, maintain high performance, and even thrive and grow. In research, there are preliminary indications that diversity could play an important role in the development of resilience in organizations. However, although there are numerous studies on both resilience and diversity, the connection between the two constructs remains largely unexplored. Our paper aims to narrow this research gap by answering the following questions: What role does diversity play in the development of organizational resilience? What does this mean for resilience-enhancing diversity management? To answer these questions, we link existing research on elements of organizational resilience and outcomes of diversity in organizations. By developing a theoretical framework, formulating propositions, and discussing implications for further research, this paper provides a foundation for future empirical research. Moreover, it offers useful insights into the successful management of organizational resilience.
Measuring longitudinal cognition: Individual tests versus composites
Authors: Jonaitis Erin M. , Koscik Rebecca L. , Clark Lindsay R. , Ma Yue , Betthauser Tobey J. , Berman Sara E. , Allison Samantha L. , Mueller Kimberly D. , Hermann Bruce P. , Van Hulle Carol A. , Christian Bradley T. , Bendlin Barbara B. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Asthana Sanjay , Johnson Sterling C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionLongitudinal cohort studies of cognitive aging must confront several sources of within‐person variability in scores. In this article, we compare several neuropsychological measures in terms of longitudinal error variance and relationships with biomarker‐assessed brain amyloidosis (Aβ).MethodsAnalyses used data from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention. We quantified within‐person longitudinal variability and age‐related trajectories for several global and domain‐specific composites and their constituent scores. For a subset with cerebrospinal fluid or amyloid positron emission tomography measures, we examined how Aβ modified cognitive trajectories.ResultsGlobal and theoretically derived composites exhibited lower intraindividual variability and stronger age × Aβ interactions than did empirically derived composites or raw scores from single tests. For example, the theoretical executive function outperformed other executive function scores on both metrics.DiscussionThese results reinforce the need for careful selection of cognitive outcomes in study design, and support the emerging consensus favoring composites over single‐test measures.
Integration of A Deep Learning Classifier with A Random Forest Approach for Predicting Malonylation Sites
Authors: Chen Zhen , He Ningning , Huang Yu , Qin Wen Tao , Liu Xuhan , Li Lei 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
As a newly-identified protein post-translational modification, malonylation is involved in a variety of biological functions. Recognizing malonylation sites in substrates represents an initial but crucial step in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying protein malonylation. In this study, we constructed a deep learning (DL) network classifier based on long short-term memory (LSTM) with word embedding (LSTMWE) for the prediction of mammalian malonylation sites. LSTMWE performs better than traditional classifiers developed with common pre-defined feature encodings or a DL classifier based on LSTM with a one-hot vector. The performance of LSTMWE is sensitive to the size of the training set, but this limitation can be overcome by integration with a traditional machine learning (ML) classifier. Accordingly, an integrated approach called LEMP was developed, which includes LSTMWE and the random forest classifier with a novel encoding of enhanced amino acid content. LEMP performs not only better than the individual classifiers but also superior to the currently-available malonylation predictors. Additionally, it demonstrates a promising performance with a low false positive rate, which is highly useful in the prediction application. Overall, LEMP is a useful tool for easily identifying malonylation sites with high confidence. LEMP is available at http://www.bioinfogo.org/lemp.
Outer hair cells isolation from postnatal Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Qi Mei‐Hao , Qiu Yang , Tian Ke‐Yong , Liang Kun , Chang Hui‐Min , Wang Ren‐Feng , Chen Er‐Fang , Wang Wei‐Long , Zha Ding‐Jun , Qiu Jian‐Hua 
Published: January 2019

Outer hair cells (OHCs) damage is a general phenomenon in clinical disorders such as noise‐induced hearing loss and drug‐induced hearing loss. In order to elucidate the mechanism underlying these disorders, OHCs – its diseased region needs to be deeply investigated. However, OHCs array on the basilar membrane which contains massive cells with different types. Therefore, to isolate OHCs from this huge population is significant for revealing its pathological and molecular changes during disease processing. In the present study, we tried to isolate OHCs from the commonly used animal model –Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats. By separating outer hair cells from SD rats with different day ages, we found that 9 days after birth was a suitable time for the separation of the OHCs. At this time, the number of OHCs isolated from rats was large, and the cell morphology was typical of cylindrical shape. OHCs isolated using this method are histologically suitable and quantitatively adequate for molecular biological and electrophysiological analyses.
The effect of treatment package time in head and neck cancer patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy and concurrent systemic therapy
Authors: Ghanem Ahmed I. , Schymick Matthew , Bachiri Souheyla , Mannari Aniruddh , Sheqwara Jawad , Burmeister Charlotte , Chang Steven , Ghanem Tamer , Siddiqui Farzan 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesIn patients with head and neck carcinoma, “treatment package time” (TPT) was proven to impact outcomes in cases receiving adjuvant radiotherapy alone. Its impact in patients receiving radiotherapy with concurrent systemic therapy has not been studied previously. The TPT influence on survival endpoints for patients treated with surgery followed by radiation and concurrent systemic therapy was analyzed.MethodsInstitutional database to identify head and neck carcinoma cases treated with definitive surgery followed by concomitant chemo(bio) radiotherapy (CRT) was used. TPT was the number of days elapsed between surgery and the last day of radiation. %FINDCUT SAS macro tool was used to search for the cutoff TPT that was associated with significant survival benefit. Kaplan–Meier curves, log‐rank tests as well as univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS).ResultsOne hundred and three cases with a median follow up of 37 months were included in the study. Oropharyngeal tumors were 43%, oral cavity 40% and laryngeal 17% of cases. Concurrent systemic therapy included platinum and cetuximab in 72% and 28%, respectively. Optimal TPT was found to be < 100 days with significantly better OS (P = 0.002) and RFS (P = 0.043) compared to TPT ≥100 days. On multivariate analysis; TPT<100 days, extracapsular nodal extension, high‐risk score, lymphovascular space and perineural invasion were independent predictors for worse OS (P < 0.05). T4, extracapsular nodal extension and high‐risk score were all significantly detrimental to RFS (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAddition of concomitant systemic therapy to adjuvant radiotherapy did not compensate for longer TPT in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Multidisciplinary coordinated care must be provided to ensure the early start of CRT with minimal treatment breaks.
Nonlinear aspects of focusing internal waves
Authors: Shmakova Natalia D. , Flór Jan-Bert 
Published: January 2019

When a torus oscillates horizontally in a linearly stratified fluid, the wave rays form a double cone, one upward and one downward, with two focal points where the wave amplitude has a maximum due to wave focusing. Following a former study on linear aspects of wave focusing (Ermanyuk et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 813, 2017, pp. 695–715), we here consider experimental results on the nonlinear aspects that occur in the focal region below the torus for higher-amplitude forcing. A new non-dimensional number that is based on heuristic arguments for the wave amplitude in the focal area is presented. This focusing number is defined as $Fo=(A/a)\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}^{-1/2}f(\unicode[STIX]{x1D703})$, with oscillation amplitude $A$, $f(\unicode[STIX]{x1D703})$ a function for the variation of the wave amplitude with wave angle $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$, and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}^{1/2}=\sqrt{b/a}$ the increase in amplitude due to the focusing, with $a$ and $b$, respectively, the minor and major radius of the torus. Nonlinear effects occur for $Fo\geqslant 0.1$, with the shear stress giving rise to a mean flow which results in the focal region in a central upward motion partially surrounded by a downward motion. With increasing $Fo$, the Richardson number $Ri$ measured from the wave steepness monotonically decreases. Wave breaking occurs at $Fo\approx 0.23$, corresponding to $Ri=0.25$. In this regime, the focal region is unstable due to triadic wave resonance. For the different tori sizes under consideration, the triadic resonant instability in these three-dimensional flows resembles closely the resonance observed by Bourget et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 723, 2013, pp. 1–20) for a two-dimensional flow, with only minor differences. Application to internal tidal waves in the ocean are discussed.
Jumping Ship or Jumping on the Bandwagon: When Do Local Politicians Support National Candidates?
Authors: Rosas Guillermo , Lucardi Adrián 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLocal politicians are often expected to mobilize voters on behalf of copartisan candidates for national office. Yet this requirement is difficult to enforce because the effort of local politicians cannot be easily monitored and the promise of rewards in exchange for help is not fully credible. Using a formal model, we show that the incentives of local politicians to mobilize voters on behalf of their party depend on the proportion of copartisan officials in a district. Having many copartisan officials means that the party is more likely to capture the district, but the effort of each local politician is less likely either to be noticed by higher-level officials or to make a difference on the election outcome, thus discouraging lower-level officials from exerting effort. We validate these claims with data from federal elections in Mexico between 2000 and 2012. In line with the argument, the results show that political parties fail to draw great mobilization advantages from simultaneously controlling multiple offices.
A 7300-yr-old environmental history of seabird, human, and volcano impacts on Carlisle Island (the Islands of Four Mountains, eastern Aleutians, Alaska)
Authors: Kuzmicheva Evgeniya A. , Smyshlyaeva Olesya I. , Vasyukov Dmitry D. , Khasanov Bulat F. , Krylovich Olga A. , Okuno Mitsuru , West Dixie L. , Hatfield Virginia L. , Savinetsky Arkady B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe present the results of multiproxy study of a peat deposit from Carlisle Island (the Islands of Four Mountains, Aleutians). Vegetation on the initial stage of the peat is characterized by heath vegetation dominated by Ericales indicating cold conditions at 7300–6100 cal yr BP. The appearance of Betula and Alnus is the result of long-distance transportation attributable to strong winds at this time. Sedge-grass (Cyperaceae and Poaceae) communities began replacing heath vegetation at 6100 cal yr BP because of the climatic amelioration. C/N ratios and pollen spectra remain relatively stable at 6100–2450 cal yr BP. For the CR-03 peatland, volcanic tephra contributed significantly to the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectral data. Volcanic input created overlap of an aluminosilicate signal with carbohydrate vibrations. Significant changes occurred at approximately 2450 cal yr BP when there is the some evidence of cooler and wetter conditions of the Neoglacial. High values of δ15N observed at 7100–7000 cal yr BP reflect the fertilizing effect of seabird nesting colonies. A decrease in δ15N ca. 6900 cal yr BP may indicate initial settlement on Carlisle Island corresponding with harvesting seabirds. Human predation continued until a series of volcanic eruptions, which deposited Okmok II and CR-02 tephra layers at ca. 2000 and 1050 cal yr BP, respectively.
On Structure Groups of Set-Theoretic Solutions to the Yang–Baxter Equation
Authors: Lebed Victoria , Vendramin Leandro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the structure groupsG(X,r)of finite non-degenerate set-theoretic solutions (X,r) to the Yang–Baxter equation. Namely, we construct a finite quotient$\overline {G}_{(X,r)}$ofG(X,r), generalizing the Coxeter-like groups introduced by Dehornoy for involutive solutions. This yields a finitary setting for testing injectivity: ifXinjects intoG(X,r), then it also injects into$\overline {G}_{(X,r)}$. We shrink every solution to an injective one with the same structure group, and compute the rank of the abelianization ofG(X,r). We show that multipermutation solutions are the only involutive solutions with diffuse structure groups; that only free abelian structure groups are bi-orderable; and that for the structure group of a self-distributive solution, the following conditions are equivalent: bi-orderable, left-orderable, abelian, free abelian and torsion free.