bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secreted parasite Pin1 isomerase stabilizes host PKM2 to reprogram host cell metabolism
Authors: Marsolier Justine , Perichon Martine , Weitzman Jonathan B. , Medjkane Souhila 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming is an important feature of host–pathogen interactions and a hallmark of tumorigenesis. The intracellular apicomplexa parasite Theileria induces a Warburg-like effect in host leukocytes by hijacking signaling machineries, epigenetic regulators and transcriptional programs to create a transformed cell state. The molecular mechanisms underlying host cell transformation are unclear. Here we show that a parasite-encoded prolyl-isomerase, TaPin1, stabilizes host pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2) leading to HIF-1α-dependent regulation of metabolic enzymes, glucose uptake and transformed phenotypes in parasite-infected cells. Our results provide a direct molecular link between the secreted parasite TaPin1 protein and host gene expression programs. This study demonstrates the importance of prolyl isomerization in the parasite manipulation of host metabolism.
Serum proteomics identify potential biomarkers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma sensitivity to radiotherapy
Authors: Zhang Guangying , Zhang Kun , Li Chao , Li Yanyan , Li Zhanzhan , Li Na , Zhou Qin , Shen Liangfang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Radiotherapy is the primary treatment option for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Local recurrence and metastasis caused by radioresistance become a bottleneck of curative effect for patients with NPC. Currently, serum predictive biomarkers of radioresistance are scare. We enrolled NPC patients, who underwent radiotherapy in the Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central Southern University, and analyzed the serum proteins profiles in NPC patients using with quantitative label-free proteomics using ultra-definition MS. Patients were divided into those who were radioresistant and radiosensitive by the overall reduction (≤50% or &gt;50%, respectively) in tumor extent. The MS/MS spectrum database search identified 911 proteins and 809 proteins are quantitatable. Eight proteins significantly up-regulated and 12 serum proteins were significantly down-regulated in the radioresistance group compared with radiosensitivity group (P&lt;0.05). Finally, five proteins entered the optimal models, including secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) (P=0.032), serpin family D member 1S (ERPIND1) (P=0.040), complement C4B (C4B) (P=0.017), peptidylprolyl Isomerase B (PPIB) (P=0.042), and family with sequence similarity 173 member A (FAM173A) (P=0.017). In all patient, the area under the curves (AUC) for SPARC, SERPIND, C4B, PPIB, and FAM173A were 0.716 (95% CI: 0.574–0.881), 0.697 (95% CI: 0.837–0.858), 0.686 (95% CI: 0.522–0.850), 0.668 (95% CI: 0.502–0.834) and 0.657 (95% CI: 0.512–0.825), respectively. The AUC of five selected proteins was 0.968 (95% CI: 0.918–1.000) with the sensitivity of 0.941 and the specificity of 0.926. Our result indicated that a panel including five serum protein (SPARC SERPIND1 C4B PPIB FAM173A) based on serum proteomics provided a high discrimination ability for radiotherapy effects in NPC patients. Studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up outcome are required.
The breadth of climate change impacts on biological systems
Authors: Osborn Dan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Human activity is driving climate change. This is affecting and will affect many aspects of life on earth. The breadth of its impacts is very wide and covers human, animal and plant health, and also the planet's biodiversity and the services that deliver benefits to people from natural capital. Finding solutions to the challenge of climate change will require multidisciplinary action in which the life sciences have a major role to play as this issue of Emerging Topics in Life Sciences indicates. More process and mechanistic knowledge could underpin solutions or even provide early warning of impacts. Any solutions will need to be developed and deployed in ways that gain and maintain public support.
Blue, white, and red ocean planets
Authors: Trees V. J. H. , Stam D. M. 
Published: April 2019

Context. An exoplanet’s habitability will depend strongly on the presence of liquid water. Flux and/or polarization measurements of starlight that is reflected by exoplanets could help to identify exo-oceans.
Aims. We investigate which broadband spectral features in flux and polarization phase functions of reflected starlight uniquely identify exo-oceans.
Methods. With an adding-doubling algorithm, we computed total fluxes F and polarized fluxes Q of starlight that is reflected by cloud-free and (partly) cloudy exoplanets, for wavelengths from 350 to 865 nm. The ocean surface has waves composed of Fresnel reflecting wave facets and whitecaps, and scattering within the water body is included.
Results. Total flux F, polarized flux Q, and degree of polarization P of ocean planets change color from blue, through white, to red at phase angles α ranging from ~134° to ~108° for F, and from ~123° to ~157° for Q, with cloud coverage fraction fc increasing from 0.0 (cloud-free) to 1.0 (completely cloudy) for F, and to 0.98 for Q. The color change in P only occurs for fc ranging from 0.03 to 0.98, with the color crossing angle α ranging from ~88° to ~161°. The total flux F of a cloudy, zero surface albedo planet can also change color, and for fc = 0.0, an ocean planet’s F will not change color for surface pressures ps ≿ 8 bars. Polarized flux Q of a zero surface albedo planet does not change color for any fc.
Conclusions. The color change of P of starlight reflected by an exoplanet, from blue, through white, to red with increasing α above 88°, appears to identify a (partly) cloudy exo-ocean. The color change of polarized flux Q with increasing α above 123° appears to uniquely identify an exo-ocean, independent of surface pressure or cloud fraction. At the color changing phase angle, the angular distance between a star and its planet is much larger than at the phase angle where the glint appears in reflected light. The color change in polarization thus offers better prospects for detecting an exo-ocean.
Sprache und Kommunikation in der Medizin – Probleme und
Ressourcen
Authors: Schröder Hartmut 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Sprache ist eines der wichtigsten Medien im zwischenmenschlichen Miteinander.
Vor dem Hintergrund, dass es in unserem Gesundheitssystem v. a. um messbare und
abrechenbare Größen geht, wird die Bedeutung des Gesprächs und der Sprache eher
vernachlässigt. In Patientenumfragen hat sich oft gezeigt, dass gerade das
Gespräch zwischen Arzt und Patient eine sehr hohe Priorität für kranke Menschen
hat. Sprache und Kommunikation haben nicht nur bei der Patientenzufriedenheit
und Compliance einen hohen Stellenwert, sondern auch bei der Anamnese und
Diagnose bis hin zur Therapie, Pflege und Sterbebegleitung. Sprache und
Kommunikation werden zudem als eigener Wirkfaktor für den Behandlungserfolg
unterschätzt.Der Artikel fasst die Bedeutung dieser Zusammenhänge zusammen, gibt praktische
Beispiele und einen Ausblick, wo praktische Hilfen verfügbar sind.
Biochemische Marker können helfen, Störungen der
Schleimhautgrenzfläche im Darm aufzuklären
Authors: Ellwanger Thomas 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungZahlreiche Erkrankungen können ihren Ursprung im Darm haben. Dazu zählen akute
und chronische Abdominalbeschwerden, aber auch eine erhöhte Infektanfälligkeit
oder psychische Symptome wie Antriebslosigkeit und Schlafstörungen. Denn die
Darmschleimhaut ist eine Schnittstelle zwischen Soma und Psyche. Neben einer
veränderten Darmmikrobiota spielt v. a. die Störung der Schleimhautgrenzfläche
eine Rolle: Ist die Darmbarriere übermäßig durchlässig und gelangen z. B.
vermehrt Endotoxine ins Körperinnere, kann eine Silent Inflammation die Folge
sein.Die Diagnostik der Darmmikrobiota sowie biochemischer Stuhlparameter können
wichtige Hinweise für eine gestörte Darmbarriere geben. Der Artikel erläutert
anhand eines Patientenfalls das diagnostische Vorgehen, die naturheilkundlichen
Therapieansätze und die möglichen Therapieerfolge.
Early Postoperative Fasting Serum Glucose Levels are Useful in
Depicting Future Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Curative Insulinoma
Surgery
Authors: Akca Aycan , Starke Achim A. R. , Dobek Anna , Ulrich Alexis , Goretzki Peter E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background Hyperglycemia has been reported in some patients after
curative insulinoma resection but no systematic investigation of glucose
metabolism has been shown in a larger cohort of these patients. Therefore,
it is still unknown, whether long lasting hyperinsulinism in insulinoma
patients induces insulin resistance, which may jeopardize the postoperative
health status of these patients.
Methods Early postoperative fasting serum glucose levels were
measured in all insulinoma patients after curative tumor resection during
the first 48 h, being operated between 2011 and 2018,
retrospectively.
Results Of 77 (100%) patients with benign, spontaneous
occuring insulinoma 51 (66.2%) patients were operated on by tumor
enucleation. In 15 (19.5%) patients a left pancreatic resection was
performed and in 11 (14.3%) patients the pancreatic head or the
middle console of pancreatic corpus were excised. In 32 (41.6%)
cases the highest fasting postoperative glucose levels were measured between
140–200 mg/dl. In 16 (20.8%) patients the
glucose serum levels reached values above 200 mg/dl and in 4
(5.2%) patients short term substitution with insulin was indicated.
Only one (1.3%) of these patients developed diabetes mellitus with
the need of ongoing insulin treatment. Major postoperative complications
were registered in 31 of all 77 patients (40.3%) and in 9 of 16
patients (56.3%) with postoperative glucose levels above
200 mg/dl. This difference was not statistically
significant.
Conclusions Early postoperative (first 48 h) fasting serum
glucose levels in insulinoma patients showed significant hyperglycemia above
200 mg/dl in only few patients (20.8%) and chronic
postoperative Diabetes mellitus developed in only one of 77 patients
(<2%). Therefore, recovery of glucose metabolism after
insulinoma resection is fast and medical intervention is not mandatory in
most of these patients.
Genetic and Molecular Testing in Thrombosis and Hemostasis: Informing Surveillance, Treatment, and Prognosis
Authors: Crispin Philip , Koo Ray Mun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe understanding of molecular mechanisms brought about by the rapid expansion of gene sequencing has helped to characterize molecular interactions underpinning normal hemostasis and identify inherited and acquired risks for thrombosis and hemorrhage. The widespread availability of molecular testing may serve to replace some currently available investigations with more precise diagnostic tools and add to phenotypic tests. Molecular studies will increasingly enable prenatal diagnosis, confirm difficult diagnostic challenges, early intervention, and assist in prognostication. This approach facilitates specific individualization of treatment options, with personally targeted therapy expected to increase. There remain many challenges, however, in the clinic. Prior to any test there should be consideration of how the results may influence treatment, and also how they may affect the patient within their familial and social environments. Massive parallel sequencing has the capacity to produce results that create uncertainty that needs to be considered prior to testing. In this context, the potential benefits of adding phenotypic and genotypic personal data to large databases should be discussed with patients. There is a paradox in that personalized medicine is dependent on large datasets to interpret the significance of genetic variation. This review will provide an outline of specific current and emerging roles for molecular testing for the personalization of care in the practice of thrombosis and hemostasis and highlight principles that can be implemented as new opportunities inevitably arise with the rapid expansion of knowledge from genomics.
What leisure? Surfeminism in an era of Trump
Authors: Comer Krista 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPowerful new feminisms are challenging the rise of the Global Right through mass mobilization, demands for accountability, and innovative opposition, such as #MeToo, the Global Women’s Marches, and #Feminism4the99. The international forum Signs: A Journal of Women and Culture has urged feminist scholars to meet the moment by bridging academic and larger feminist publics and attending to creative, new feminist movements. This paper showcases one such example, surfeminism, a theory and action project working between publics of academia and global surfing. Surfeminism is a worldwide network connecting people, ideas, particular coastal geographies, online and real-time communities and microeconomies in surf industry, with activisms focused on protests of sexism in surf media, access to ocean spaces, environmental health, and women’s racial, economic, and reproductive justice. The paper lays out surfeminist publics through discussion of the Institute for Women Surfers (IWS), a public humanities project in grassroots political education emphasizing relationships, cross-geography alliances, and critical thought. One of the more important and complex claims of surfeminism is for women and girls’ leisure as a feminist political need. A discussion of leisure and its relation to authoritarianisms, as well as ideologies of so-called postfeminism closes the paper.
Germline-restricted chromosome (GRC) is widespread among songbirds
Authors: Torgasheva Anna A. , Malinovskaya Lyubov P. , Zadesenets Kira S. , Karamysheva Tatyana V. , Kizilova Elena A. , Akberdina Ekaterina A. , Pristyazhnyuk Inna E. , Shnaider Elena P. , Volodkina Valeria A. , Saifitdinova Alsu F. , Galkina Svetlana A. , Larkin Denis M. , Rubtsov Nikolai B. , Borodin Pavel M. 
Published: April 2019

Significance
We discovered that contrary to other bird species and most other animals, all examined songbird lineages contain a different number of chromosomes in the somatic and germline genomes. Their germ cells have an additional germline-restricted chromosome (GRC). GRCs contain highly duplicated genetic material represented by repetitive elements and sequences homologous to unique regions of the somatic genome. Surprisingly, GRCs even in very closely related species, vary drastically in size and show little homology. We hypothesize that the GRC was formed as an additional parasitic microchromosome in the songbird ancestor about 35 million years ago and subsequently underwent significant changes in size and genetic content, becoming an important component of the germline genome.
Productivity, prominence, and the effects of academic environment
Authors: Way Samuel F. , Morgan Allison C. , Larremore Daniel B. , Clauset Aaron 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Past studies have shown that faculty at prestigious universities tend to be more productive and prominent than faculty at less prestigious universities. This pattern is usually attributed to a competitive job market that selects inherently productive faculty into prestigious positions. Here, we test the extent to which, instead, faculty’s work environments drive their productivity. Using comprehensive data on an entire field of research, we use a matched-pair experimental design to isolate the effects of training at, versus working in, prestigious environments. We find that faculty’s work environments, not selection effects, drive their productivity and prominence, establishing that where a researcher works serves as a mechanism for cumulative advantage, locking in past success via job placement and thereby facilitating future success.
Dynamic cluster formation determines viscosity and diffusion in dense protein solutions
Authors: von Bülow Sören , Siggel Marc , Linke Max , Hummer Gerhard 
Published: April 2019

Significance
For living cells to function, proteins must efficiently navigate the densely packed cytosol. Protein diffusion is slowed down by high viscosity and can come to a complete halt because of nonspecific binding and aggregation. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we develop a detailed description of protein diffusion in concentrated protein solution. We confirm that soluble proteins in concentrated solutions diffuse not as isolated particles, but as members of transient clusters between which they constantly exchange. Nonspecific protein binding and the formation of dynamic clusters nearly quantitatively account for the high viscosity and slow diffusivity in concentrated protein solutions, consistent with the Stokes–Einstein relations.
Economic resilience of Carthage during the Punic Wars: Insights from sediments of the Medjerda delta around Utica (Tunisia)
Authors: Delile Hugo , Pleuger Elisa , Blichert-Toft Janne , Goiran Jean-Philippe , Fagel Nathalie , Gadhoum Ahmed , Abichou Abdelhakim , Ben Jerbania Imed , Fentress Elizabeth , Wilson Andrew I. 
Published: April 2019

SignificanceHow do we explain the exceptional economic resilience for more than a century and a half of the Carthaginian civilization during the Punic Wars? Based on eight deep cores taken in the Medjerda delta around the city of Utica in Tunisia, we show that the sustainable retreat of Carthage into its hinterland during this period of warfare provided the metal resources whose exploitation by the Carthaginians was sufficient to resist the Romans for so long. The earliest phase of mining activity recorded in the Utica sediments occurred during the Greco-Punic Wars (480–307 BC) and is coeval with the first minting of Punic coins at Carthage, from which point on the Carthaginian economy became increasingly monetized.
Soluble CX3CL1 gene therapy improves cone survival and function in mouse models of retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Wang Sean K. , Xue Yunlu , Rana Parimal , Hong Christin M. , Cepko Constance L. 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a genetically heterogenous disease that lacks effective treatment. In RP, there is degeneration of cone photoreceptors in the eye, often leading to complete blindness. The reasons for cone degeneration remain largely unknown. Development of therapies that preserve cones and vision in patients with RP, particularly in a mutation-independent manner, would benefit from a greater understanding of the underlying pathological mechanisms. We examined immune responses in RP mice during the period of cone degeneration and identified soluble CX3CL1 (sCX3CL1) as a promising therapy for cones. Viral-mediated expression of sCX3CL1 prolonged cone survival in different RP models and improved visual function. These results establish viral delivery of sCX3CL1 as a potential treatment for RP and other retinal disorders.
Archaic human remains from Hualongdong, China, and Middle Pleistocene human continuity and variation
Authors: Wu Xiu-Jie , Pei Shu-Wen , Cai Yan-Jun , Tong Hao-Wen , Li Qiang , Dong Zhe , Sheng Jin-Chao , Jin Ze-Tian , Ma Dong-Dong , Xing Song , Li Xiao-Li , Cheng Xing , Cheng Hai , de la Torre Ignacio , Edwards R. Lawrence , Gong Xi-Cheng , An Zhi-Sheng , Trinkaus Erik , Liu Wu 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Human evolution through the Middle to the Late Pleistocene in East Asia has been seen as reflecting diverse groups and discontinuities vs. a continuity of form reflecting an evolving population. New Middle Pleistocene (∼300,000 y old) human remains from Hualongdong (HLD), China, provide further evidence for regional variation and the continuity of human biology through East Asian archaic humans. The HLD 6 skull is notable for its low and wide neurocranial vault and pronounced brow ridge, but less projecting face and modest chin. Along with the isolated teeth, the skull provides morphologically simple teeth with reduced or absent third molars. The remains foreshadow changes evident with modern human emergence, but primarily reinforce Old World continuity through Middle to Late Pleistocene humans.
Improvement of NbOx-based threshold switching devices by implementing multilayer stacks
Authors: Herzig Melanie , Weiher Martin , Ascoli Alon , Tetzlaff Ronald , Mikolajick Thomas , Slesazeck Stefan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this work the I–V characteristics of a niobium oxide-based threshold switching device were optimized to match the requirements for its application in neuromorphic circuits. Those neuromorphic circuits rely on coupled oscillators utilizing the volatile resistive switching effect of the memristor. A large voltage extension of the negative differential resistance region of the threshold switch enables enhanced signal amplification, and, furthermore, can lead to a better tolerance to device variability. A symmetric switching behavior as well as a high device stability for the operation in both voltage polarities is mandatory to allow the integration in circuits that utilize the connection of several threshold switching devices operated in different polarities. These properties are similarly important for the adoption of the threshold switches as selector devices in bipolar resistive memory arrays. Furthermore, a low forming voltage is desirable because it leads to a better control during the forming step. To meet all those requirements the application of multilayer stacks consisting of niobium and niobium oxide layers is proposed and their optimization is investigated in detail.
Nectar traits differ between pollination syndromes in Balsaminaceae
Authors: Vandelook F , Janssens S B , Gijbels P , Fischer E , Van den Ende W , Honnay O , Abrahamczyk S 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
The attractiveness of nectar rewards depends both on the quantity of nectar produced and on its chemical composition. It is known that nectar quantity and chemical composition can differ in plant species depending on the main pollinator associated with the species. The main aims of this study were to test formally whether nectar traits are adapted to pollination syndromes in the speciose Balsaminaceae and, if so, whether a combination of nectar traits mirrors pollination syndromes.

Methods
Comparative methods based on Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models were used to test whether nectar volume, nectar sucrose proportion, sugar and amino acid concentration and amino acid composition had evolved as a function of pollination syndromes in 57 species of Balsaminaceae. Cluster analysis and ordination were performed to derive clusters of species resembling each other in nectar composition.

Key Results
Evolutionary models for nectar volume and nectar sucrose proportion performed best when including information on pollination syndrome, while including such information improve model fit neither for sugar and amino acid concentration nor for amino acid composition. A significant relationship emerged between pollination syndrome and the combined nectar traits.

Conclusions
Our results show that nectar volume and nectar sucrose proportion evolve rapidly towards optimal values associated with different pollination syndromes. The detection of a signal indicating that nectar traits in combination are to a certain extent able to predict pollination syndromes in Balsaminaceae suggests that a holistic approach including the whole set of nectar traits helps us to better understand evolution of nectar composition in response to pollinators.