bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between Use of Methadone, Other Central Nervous System Depressants, and QTc Interval–Prolonging Medications and Risk of Mortality in a Large Cohort of Women Living with or at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Tamraz Bani , Reisner Lori , French Audrey L. , King Samuel T. , Fischl Margaret A. , Ofotokun Igho , Kashuba Angela , Milam Joel , Murphy Kerry , Augenbraun Michael , Liu Chenglong , Finley Patrick R. , Aouizerat Bradley , Cocohoba Jennifer , Gange Stephen , Bacchetti Peter , Greenblatt Ruth M. 
Published: July 2019

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between use of methadone, other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, and QTc interval–prolonging medications and risk of mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected and at‐risk HIV‐uninfected women.DesignMulticenter, prospective, observational cohort study (Women's Interagency HIV Study [WIHS]).ParticipantsA total of 4150 women enrolled in the WIHS study between 1994 and 2014 who were infected (3119 women) or not infected (1031 women) with HIV.Measurements and Main ResultsData on medication utilization were collected from all study participants via interviewer‐administered surveys at 6‐month intervals (1994–2014). Mortality was confirmed by National Death Index data. With age defining the time scale for the analysis, Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for all‐cause mortality in HIV‐infected and ‐uninfected women and non–acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) deaths in HIV‐infected women. A total of 1046 deaths were identified, of which 429 were considered non‐AIDS deaths. Use of benzodiazepines, CNS depressants (excluding methadone), and number of medications with conditional QTc interval–prolonging effects were each associated with all‐cause mortality in multivariate models of HIV‐infected women: hazard ratio (HR) 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.60, p=0.037; HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.35–1.92, p<0.0001; and HR 1.15 per drug, 95% CI 1.00–1.33, p=0.047, respectively. Other explanatory variables for all‐cause mortality in this model included HIV viral load, CD4+ cell count, renal function, hemoglobin and albumin levels, HIV treatment era, employment status, existence of depressive symptoms, ever use of injection drugs, and tobacco smoking. Of interest, use of CNS depressants (excluding methadone) was also associated with non‐AIDS deaths (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.49–2.2, p<0.0001). Although use of benzodiazepines and conditional QT interval–prolonging medications were associated with increased risk of non‐AIDS mortality (HR 1.32 and 1.25, respectively), the effect was not statistically significant (p>0.05).ConclusionIn this cohort of HIV‐infected and at‐risk HIV‐uninfected women, use of benzodiazepines, CNS depressants, and conditional QTc interval–prolonging medications were associated with a higher risk of mortality independent of methadone and other well‐recognized mortality risk factors. Care must be taken to assess risk when prescribing these medications in this underserved and at‐risk patient population.
Therapeutic potential of adenosine kinase inhibition—Revisited
Authors: Jarvis Michael F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdenosine (ADO) is an endogenous protective regulator that restores cellular energy balance in response to tissue trauma. Extracellular ADO has a half‐life of the order of seconds thus restricting its actions to tissues and cellular sites where it is released. Adenosine kinase (AK, ATP:adenosine 5′‐phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.20) is a cytosolic enzyme that is the rate‐limiting enzyme controlling extracellular ADO concentrations. Inhibition of AK can effectively increase ADO extracellular concentrations at tissue sites where pathophysiological changes occur. Highly potent and selective nucleoside and non‐nucleoside AK inhibitors were discovered in the late 1990s that showed in vivo effects consistent with the augmentation of the actions of endogenous ADO in experimental models of pain, inflammation, and seizure activity. These data supported clinical development of several AK inhibitors for the management of epilepsy and chronic pain. However, early toxicological data demonstrated that nucleoside and non‐nucleoside chemotypes produced hemorrhagic microfoci in brain in an apparent ADO receptor‐dependent fashion. An initial oral report of these important toxicological findings was presented at an international conference but a detailed description of these data has not appeared in the peer‐reviewed literature. In the two decades following the demise of these early AK‐based clinical candidates, interest in AK inhibition has renewed based on preclinical data in the areas of renal protection, diabetic retinopathy, cardioprotection, and neurology. This review provides a summary of the pharmacology and toxicology data for several AK inhibitor chemotypes and the resulting translational issues associated with the development of AK inhibitors as viable therapeutic interventions.
Effects of reservoir operation methods on downstream ecological disturbance and economic benefits
Authors: Liu Hongrui , Yin Xin‐An , Xu Zhihao , Cai Yanpeng , Yang Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe natural flow regime can sustain the ecological integrity of riverine ecosystems. Different reservoir operation polices differ in their effects on the degree of alteration of natural flow regimes. Dynamic programming plays an important role in developing operation policies. When using dynamic programming models to develop operation policies, the discrete number of storage states (DNSS), which is a key factor affecting the reservoirs operation policies, is always been determined based on computational efficiency and economic benefits. Little consideration has been given to the ecological disturbance caused by different DNSS‐based operation policies. To analyze the impact of DNSS, we built a deterministic dynamic programming model to explore the relationship among DNSS, the flow regime alteration (ecological disturbance), and the cumulative annual power generation (economic benefits) by setting a range of DNSS scenarios. We used three reservoirs with different storage coefficients (ratios of usable storage to annual average runoff) as examples and used the range of variability approach to assess the ecological disturbance under these scenarios. We compared the results with those of a stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) model and a Bayesian SDP (BSDP) model. We found that when DNSS is low, increasing DNSS improves economic benefits but causes a more severe ecological disturbance; when DNSS is high, increasing DNSS improves the economic benefits only slightly, without exacerbating the ecological disturbance; for a given DNSS, the BSDP model provides higher economic benefits than the SDP model and a similar disturbance of the riverine ecosystem; and larger reservoirs more often cause more severe disturbance of riverine ecosystems because monthly mean flows and annual extreme flows change more drastically. Our results will help to protect the riverine ecosystems and improve economic benefits if reservoir operation managers consider DNSS using dynamic programming models.
A High‐Throughput Automated Confocal Microscopy Platform for Quantitative Phenotyping of Nanoparticle Uptake and Transport in Spheroids
Authors: Cutrona Meritxell B. , Simpson Jeremy C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere is a high demand for advanced, image‐based, automated high‐content screening (HCS) approaches to facilitate phenotypic screening in 3D cell culture models. A major challenge lies in retaining the resolution of fine cellular detail but at the same time imaging multicellular structures at a large scale. In this study, a confocal microscopy‐based HCS platform in optical multiwell plates that enables the quantitative morphological profiling of populations of nonuniform spheroids obtained from HT‐29 human colorectal cancer cells is described. This platform is then utilized to demonstrate a quantitative dissection of the penetration of synthetic nanoparticles (NP) in multicellular 3D spheroids at multiple levels of scale. A pilot RNA interference‐based screening validates this methodology and identifies a subset of RAB GTPases that regulate NP trafficking in these spheroids. This technology is suitable for high‐content phenotyping in 3D cell‐based screening, providing a framework for nanomedicine drug development as applied to translational oncology.
Deflection control for reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams: Experimental database and extension of the fib Model Code 2010 model
Authors: Tošić Nikola , Marinković Snežana , de Brito Jorge 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecycled aggregate concrete (RAC) has emerged as a viable solution for solving some of the environmental problems of concrete production. However, design guidelines for deflection control of reinforced RAC members have not yet been proposed. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the applicability of the fib Model Code 2010 (MC2010) deflection control model to reinforced RAC beams. Three databases of long‐term studies on natural aggregate concrete (NAC) and RAC beams were compiled and meta‐analyses of deflection predictions by MC2010 were performed. First, the MC2010 deflection control model was tested against a large database of long‐term tests on NAC beams. Second, a database of RAC and companion NAC beams was compiled and initial and long‐term deflections were calculated using the MC2010 model. It was shown that deflections of RAC beams are significantly underestimated relative to NAC beams. Previously proposed modifications for MC2010 equations for shrinkage strain and creep coefficient were used, and new modifications for the modulus of elasticity and empirical coefficient β were proposed. The improved MC2010 deflection control model on RAC beams was shown to have equal performance to that on companion NAC beams. The proposals presented in this paper can help engineers to more reliably perform deflection control of reinforced RAC members.
Influence of different types of fiber on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete
Authors: Meesala Chakradhara R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUtilization of recycled aggregate from the construction and demolition waste as a partial substitution of natural aggregate in the concrete has been increased in the recent times in order to minimize the consumption of natural resources and the harmful effects to the environment. The present investigation mainly focuses on the influence of different fibers on mechanical and other properties of concrete made with 50% of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) as well as concrete with 100% natural aggregate. Three types of fibers such as Woolen fibers (WF), Glass fibers (GF), and Steel fibers (SF) were used in both normal and recycled aggregate concrete mixes. The workability, compressive strength, split tensile and flexural strengths, modulus of elasticity, density, water absorption and volume of voids, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) properties of all the mixes were investigated. From the experimental findings it was observed that the fibers significantly improve the mechanical properties of both normal and recycled aggregate concretes. Further among the WF, GF, and SF, SFs had shown more positive impact on the properties of concrete.
Effectiveness of Peer-Delivered Trauma Treatment in a Rural Community: A Randomized Non-inferiority Trial
Authors: Crisanti Annette S. , Murray-Krezan Cristina , Reno Jessica , Killough Cynthia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis randomized controlled non-inferiority trial explored the effectiveness of Seeking Safety (SS) delivered by peer providers compared to its delivery by licensed behavioral health clinicians. The study enrolled 291 adults with PTSD and/or substance use disorders. Data were collected at 3 and 6-months post start of treatment. With respect to long-term outcomes, at 6 months PTSD symptoms decreased by 5.1 points [95% CI (− 9.0, − 1.1)] and by 4.9 points [95% CI (− 8.6, − 1.1)] and coping skills increased by 5.5 points [95% CI (0.4, 10.6)] and by 5.6 points [95% CI (0.8, 10.4)], in the peer- and clinician-led groups, respectively. This study demonstrated non-inferiority of peer-delivered SS compared to clinician-delivered SS for reducing PTSD symptoms and similar outcomes for both groups with respect to coping skills. A confirmatory study on the effectiveness of peer-delivered trauma-specific services is warranted, especially given the potential for increasing access to such treatment in underserved rural communities.
That’s not fair! unfair treatment spills over into individual risky financial decisions
Authors: Sekścińska Katarzyna , Rudzinska-Wojciechowska Joanna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStudies indicate that experiencing unfairness may influence subsequent decisions. There is initial evidence that this is also true for gambling decisions made after an experience of unfair treatment in a financial domain. The presented studies test whether this can be extended to other domains of financial risk-taking, such as investments. Moreover, we aim to investigate whether the effects of such experience in one domain generalize to other domains. Three experimental studies were conducted to investigate how unfair treatment coming from varied domains affects individuals’ propensities to make risky investment and gambling choices in subsequent tasks. The experience of being a victim or a beneficiary of unfair treatment in financial and non-financial domains was induced and the propensity to take investment and gambling risks was measured. The results of the experiments indicated that the experience of unfairness influences the propensity to make risky financial choices but the domain in which it is experienced plays an important role. Being a victim of financial unfairness makes people more prone to take investment risk and build riskier investing portfolios with more stocks and fewer bonds than when they are beneficiaries or when they are treated fairly. Moreover, being the beneficiary of unfair treatment in a financial domain makes people less prone to choose a sure option (vs risky) in lottery tasks. The abovementioned relationships are exactly the opposite when the experience of (un)fairness comes from a task in a non-financial context. Specifically, the experience of unfair treatment in a non-financial domain leads people to be less prone to make risky investment choices, and it enhances the propensity to build safer investment portfolios with more bonds and fewer stocks than people from the unfair-beneficiary and fair groups. Furthermore, being the beneficiary of unfair treatment in a non-financial context makes people more prone to choose sure option in lottery task.
Conceptualizing and Measuring Global Justice: Theories, Concepts, Principles and Indicators
Authors: Guo Sujian , Lin Xi , Coicaud Jean-Marc , Gu Su , Gu Yanfeng , Liu Qingping , Qin Xuan , Sun Guodong , Wang Zhongyuan , Zhang Chunman 
Published: July 2019

AbstractsThe paper focuses on the conceptualization and measurement of global justice and discusses theories, concepts, evaluative principles, and methodologies related to the study of global justice. In this paper, we seek to clarify how to conceptualize global justice, how conceptual indicators can be selected and justified by theories, and how those indicators can be conceptually consistent with the concept of global justice. Global justice is a broad concept that is composed of multi-level and multidimensional aspects belonging to both normative and empirical realities. A coherent and integrated theoretical framework that covers the normative basis and various empirical dimensions is therefore much needed in order to address some of the basic and important questions under study. The paper seeks to synthesize the multiple theories and conceptions of global justice that exist in the academic discourse and literature into three main theoretical approaches to global justice—rights based, good based, and virtue based. These three approaches are a good sample of and reflect well the strengths of the different theoretical, intellectual and cultural traditions at play in the study of global justice. From this perspective, the synthesis of the three approaches is meant to provide us with a coherent theoretical framework that serves as the normative basis and justifies the selection of indicators for measurement.
Enhanced One Health Surveillance during the 58th Presidential Inauguration—District of Columbia, January 2017
Authors: Garrett-Cherry Tiana A. , Hennenfent Andrew K. , McGee Sasha , Davies-Cole John 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:In January 2017, Washington, DC, hosted the 58th United States presidential inauguration. The DC Department of Health leveraged multiple health surveillance approaches, including syndromic surveillance (human and animal) and medical aid station–based patient tracking, to detect disease and injury associated with this mass gathering.Methods:Patient data were collected from a regional syndromic surveillance system, medical aid stations, and an internet-based emergency department reporting system. Animal health data were collected from DC veterinary facilities.Results:Of 174 703 chief complaints from human syndromic data, there were 6 inauguration-related alerts. Inauguration attendees who visited aid stations (n = 162) and emergency departments (n = 180) most commonly reported feeling faint/dizzy (n = 29; 17.9%) and pain/cramps (n = 34;18.9%). In animals, of 533 clinical signs reported, most were gastrointestinal (n = 237; 44.5%) and occurred in canines (n = 374; 70.2%). Ten animals that presented dead on arrival were investigated; no significant threats were identified.Conclusion:Use of multiple surveillance systems allowed for near-real-time detection and monitoring of disease and injury syndromes in humans and domestic animals potentially associated with inaugural events and in local health care systems.
Selective generation of individual Raman Stokes lines using dissipative soliton resonance pulses
Authors: Xu He , Chen Sheng-Ping , Jiang Zong-Fu 
Published: July 2019

Pumped by rectangular-shaped dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) pulses at 1030 nm, selective excitations of Raman Stokes lines of up to third order with extinction ratios of 8 dB and fifth order with extinction ratios of 4 dB are demonstrated experimentally. The rectangular DSR pulses are generated from a dual-amplifier ytterbium-doped figure-of-eight mode-locked laser constructed using all
$10~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$
-core-diameter large-mode-area fibers. By varying the two pump powers, the peak power of the output DSR pulses can be continuously tuned from 10 W to 100 W and from 30 W to 200 W, respectively, for two different lengths of the nonlinear amplifying loop mirror inside the cavity. High-frequency components are found to correspond to parts of the pulse in the trailing edge when two bandpass filters are used to separate the propagated pulse. Consequently, it provides an all-fiber technique to achieve selective excitation of the Raman shift by adjusting the peak power of the DSR pulse.
REPUTATION AND COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM THE US AND SOUTH KOREA
Authors: Kim Matthew Dale 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPast studies suggest that domestic public support for compliance with international human rights law can constrain governments to comply with human rights law. But the question remains: Why does the public care about compliance? Using a series of survey experiments in South Korea and the United States, this study finds that constituents are concerned about compliance in one issue area—such as human rights—because they believe it will affect the country's reputation in other domains of international law. Cross-national survey experiments demonstrate that past noncompliance negatively affects the South Korean public's second-order beliefs about the likelihood of future compliance across different issue areas. However, past noncompliance has a limited impact on the US public's first-order beliefs across different domains.
Does concealing familiarity evoke other processes than concealing untrustworthiness? – Different forms of concealed information modulate P3 effects
Authors: Koeckritz René , Beauducel André , Hundhausen Johanna , Redolfi Anika , Leue Anja 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIt was investigated whether concealing learned stimulus attributes (i.e., trustworthiness vs. untrustworthiness) has similar effects on the P3 amplitude than concealing stimulus familiarity. According to salience hypothesis, known, deceptive stimuli (probe) are (perceived) more relevant than truthful, unknown stimuli (irrelevant) evoking a more positive probe P3 amplitude. When all stimuli are known, concealing information is more cognitively demanding than non-concealing information evoking a less positive P3 amplitude according to the mental effort account. Ninety-seven participants concealed knowledge of previously learned faces in the familiarity condition (probe vs. irrelevant stimuli). In the trustworthiness condition, participants concealed untrustworthiness to previously learned faces and responded truthfully to previously learned trustworthy and untrustworthy faces (known, concealed vs. known, truthful stimuli). The parietal mean P3 amplitude was more positive for probe stimuli than for irrelevant stimuli in the familiarity condition providing evidence for the salience hypothesis. In the trustworthiness condition, concealing untrustworthiness showed the smallest parietal mean P3 amplitude suggesting evidence for the mental effort hypothesis. Individual differences of perpetrator’s sensitivity to injustice modulated the P3 amplitude in the trustworthiness condition.
14C Bomb Peak Analysis of African Elephant Tusks and its Relation to Cites
Authors: Wild Eva M , Kutschera Walter , Meran Annemarie , Steier Peter 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTWe report on a case study of radiocarbon (14C) measurements applied to three pairs of tusks from African elephants, which were supposedly hunted in the 1960s in Tanzania and/or Kenya. The 14C results of 1.40 to 1.60 F14C fall into 14C bomb peak values between 1960 and 1975, thus confirming the suspected hunting time. Since the trading of ivory from African elephants killed after 1989 was banned by the international CITES convention, the investigated tusks are not affected by this ban.
Fasciolaspecies and their vertebrate and snail intermediate hosts in East and Southern Africa: a review
Authors: Malatji M.P. , Pfukenyi D.M. , Mukaratirwa S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA systematic review was conducted focusing on the distribution ofFasciolaspecies and their snail intermediate hosts (IHs) in East and Southern Africa. The reviewed literature showed that bothFasciola hepaticaandF. giganticaare present in East and Southern Africa, and infect a wide range of domestic and wild ruminants.Fasciola giganticawas reported in six East African and five Southern African countries, whereRadix natalensis(found in low altitudes) was reported to be the main IH.Fasciola hepaticawas reported in Tanzania and Ethiopia (East Africa), and in South Africa and Zimbabwe (Southern Africa), whereGalba truncatula(found in high altitudes) was documented as the IH in all countries except in Zimbabwe. BothFasciolaspecies were documented in Tanzania, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe and South Africa. An overlap of the two was observed in areas with an intermediate altitude in Ethiopia and South Africa, wherePseudosuccinea columellawas widespread and assumed to transmit both species.Pseudosuccinea columellahas been reported in South Africa and Namibia, and proven to transmitF. giganticain South Africa; its role in Namibia in the transmission ofFasciolaspecies has not been reported. Other lymnaeid species such asR. rubiginosawere reported in South Africa, andR. auriculariain South Africa and Botswana; their role in the transmission ofFasciolaspecies has not been proven. Future studies should aim to determine the role ofP. columellain the geographical spread of the two species in East and Southern African countries.