bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast Carrier Transfer Promoted by Interlayer Coulomb Coupling in 2D/3D Perovskite Heterostructures
Authors: Wei Ke , Jiang Tian , Xu Zhongjie , Zhou Junhu , You Jie , Tang Yuxiang , Li Han , Chen Runze , Zheng Xin , Wang Shanshan , Yin Ke , Wang Zhenyu , Wang Jun , Cheng Xiangai 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEngineering 2D‐structured lead halide perovskites leads to both excellent optoelectronic performance and intriguing photophysics. Here, the underlying mechanisms of exciton interaction and carrier transfer in 2D/3D hybrid perovskites are studied. The investigated perovskites are in the form of self‐assembled microplatelets, which are naturally composed of multiple perovskite phases, with n being 1, 2, 3, or 4 or nanocrystals in bulk phase (n ≈ ∞). Excitonic energy transfer and charge separation between different phases are found to coexist in this hybrid system, which occur at an ultrafast timescale (<100 fs) followed by a relatively slow channel (2–15 ps). The experimental results reveal that this hybrid perovskite naturally forms a series of “heterostructures,” with excitons generated in different phases, showing Coulomb interactions across the interface. This interlayer Coulomb coupling should account for the aforementioned ultrafast carrier transfer. This work provides an accurate and thorough explanation for the remarkable charge transfer rate, which is extremely beneficial for their applications in photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices, even with the apparent interfacial scattering, defect trapping, and disorder‐induced exciton localization in 2D/3D hybrid perovskites.
Enhancement of work‐hardening behavior of dual phase steel by heat treatment
Authors: Nasiri Z. , Mirzadeh H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe work‐hardening response and mechanical properties of dual phase steels originated from different initial microstructures under low and high martensite volume fractions were investigated using a typical carbon‐manganese steel. The modified Crussard‐Jaoul analysis was used for studying the work‐hardening stages and the deformation behavior of ferrite and martensite. It was revealed that the initial martensitic microstructure before intercritical annealing is much better than the full annealed banded ferritic‐pearlitic and spheroidized microstructures in terms of work‐hardening capacity and strength‐ductility trade off. By increasing the amount of martensite, via intercritical annealing at higher temperatures, the ductility decreased but the tensile toughness of dual phase steels increased toward reaching the domain of extra‐advanced high‐strength steels due to the enhancement of work‐hardening rate.
Estimating Myofiber Size With Electrical Impedance Myography: a Study In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis MICE
Authors: Kapur Kush , Nagy Janice A. , Taylor Rebecca S. , Sanchez Benjamin , Rutkove Seward B. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: A method for quantifying myofiber size noninvasively would find wide use, including primary diagnosis and evaluating response to therapy.Methods: Using prediction algorithms, including the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, we applied multifrequency electrical impedance myography (EIM) to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis superoxide dismutase 1 G93A mice of different ages and assessed myofiber size histologically.Results: Multifrequency EIM data provided highly accurate predictions of myofiber size, with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of only 14% in mean myofiber area (corresponding to ± 207 µm2for a mean area of 1,488 µm2) and an RMSE of only 8.8% in predicting the coefficient of variation in fiber size distribution.Discussion: This impedance‐based approach provides predictive variables to assess myofiber size and distribution with good accuracy, particularly in diseases in which myofiber atrophy is the predominant histological feature, without the requirement for biopsy or burdensome quantification.Muscle Nerve58: 713–717, 2018
Anticraving therapy for alcohol use disorder: A clinical review
Authors: Shen Winston W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimIn this review, the author focused on anticraving therapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD) defined by DMS‐5. A comprehensive review was carried out on the available published papers on anticraving drugs for treating AUD patients.MethodsThe author described all drugs with anticraving benefits for treating AUD patients approved by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States (US FDA) and European Medicines Agency of the European Union. Then, the commonly prescribed anticraving drugs and those under development were also described.ResultsThe US FDA‐approved anticraving drugs included acamprosate and naltrexone, and those approved by European Medicines Agency were gamma‐hydroxybutyrate and nalmefene. The author also highlighted topiramate, gabapentin, ondansetron, LY196044, ifenprodil, varenicline, ABT‐436, mifepristone, citicoline, and baclofen. The putative mechanisms of action of and the use in clinical practice of those anticraving drugs were also described.ConclusionAlthough slowly developing, the field of anticraving drugs is getting into shape as a promising entity of a pharmaceutical class of drugs. Then, the author addressed on the underused issues of those recommended, and suggested anticraving drugs by the practice guideline of the American Psychiatric Association. The author urges that clinicians should be more “adventurous” in prescribing those promising drugs because benefits of those anticraving drugs are far‐outweighing the possible side effects of anticraving drugs, or the harms of untreated AUD itself.
Photothermally Active Upconversion Core–Shell NaGdF4:Yb:Tm@Cu Nanostructures: Synthesis and Theranostic Properties
Authors: Ibrahim Khaleelullah Mohamed Mathar Sahib , Tanaka Asahi , Dheivasigamani Thangaraju , Sugimoto Kyohei , Shimura Yosuke , Inami Wataru , Kawata Yoshimasa , Hayakawa Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNear infrared (NIR) active nanostructures with applications in imaging and therapy have attracted significant attention in cancer diagnosis and treatment. NIR active structures can provide molecular images, penetrating from deep within tissue with high resolution. In addition, particles with photothermal properties can lead to a new era of cancer diagnostics. The first synthesis of core–shell NaGdF4:Yb:Tm@Cu (NGF@Cu) nanostructures is reported. NGF@Cu particles have molecular imaging and photothermal activation properties owing to an upconverting core and metallic shell. The upconversion core means that cancer cell location can be recognized and the Cu‐based photothermal therapy is subsequently able to disrupt the cells. NGF@Cu characterization studies, including scanning tunneling electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy mapping, confirm the core–shell structure with Cu as the shell. This study demonstrates the use of a single nanostructure for diagnosis in the NIR therapeutic window (650–1400 nm) and photothermal therapy, with a core–shell particle efficiency of ≈36.3%.
The any particle molecular orbital approach: A short review of the theory and applications
Authors: Reyes Andrés , Moncada Félix , Charry Jorge 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe any particle molecular orbital (APMO) approach extends regular electronic structure methods to study atomic and molecular systems in which electrons and other particles are treated simultaneously as quantum waves. A number of electronic structure methodologies have been extended under the APMO framework and applied to investigate nuclear quantum effects including isotope effects and nuclear delocalization and to calculate proton binding energies and affinities. In addition, APMO methodologies have been employed to analyze physical and chemical properties of atomic and molecular systems containing exotic subatomic particles.
Increasing and Retaining African Surgeons Working in Rural Hospitals: An Analysis of PAACS Surgeons with Twenty‐Year Program Follow‐Up
Authors: Van Essen Caleb , Steffes Bruce C. , Thelander Keir , Akinyi Beryl , Li Hsin‐Fang , Tarpley Margaret J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundAfrican surgical workforce needs are significant, with largest disparities existing in rural settings. Pan‐African Academy of Christian Surgeons (PAACS), a primarily rural‐based general surgery training program, has published successes in producing rural African surgeons; however, long‐term follow‐up data are unreported. The goal of our study was to define characteristics of PAACS alumni surgeons working in rural hospitals, documenting successes and illuminating strategies for trainee recruitment and retention.MethodPAACS’ twenty‐year surgery residency database was reviewed for 12 programs throughout Africa regarding trainee demographics and graduate outcomes. Characteristics of PAACS’ graduate surgeons were further analyzed with a 42‐question survey.ResultsAmong active PAACS graduates, 100% practice in Africa and 79% within their home country. PAACS graduates had 51% short‐term and 35% long‐term (beyond 5 years) rural retention rate (less than 50,000 population).ConclusionOur study shows that PAACS general surgery training program has a high retention rate of African surgeons in rural settings compared to all programs reported to date, highlighting a multifaceted, rural‐focused approach that could be emulated by surgical training programs worldwide.
Mindful Parenting Training in a Clinical Versus Non-Clinical Setting: An Explorative Study
Authors: Potharst Eva S. , Baartmans Jeanine M. D. , Bögels Susan M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMindful parenting (MP) as a group-based training for parents of clinically referred children with psychopathology has shown to effectively reduce child and parent mental health problems. This study investigated the effects of MP as a “preventive” intervention for parents who experienced parental stress or problems in parenting (non-clinical setting) compared to MP as a “curative” intervention (clinical setting). Parents from a non-clinical setting (n = 98, 18% fathers) and a clinical setting (n = 87, 21% fathers) completed questionnaires about themselves, their partner relationship, and their child at waitlist (non-clinical setting only), pre-test, post-test, and 8-week follow-up. Before the intervention, the children of parents in the non-clinical setting, as expected, showed higher well-being and lower behavior problems, but parental stress levels, parental overreactivity, mindful parenting, partner relationship, and parental well-being were no different in the clinical and preventive group pre-intervention. No improvement was observed at waitlist, except for parental well-being, while improvement on parent and child functioning measures did occur after MP. No differences in MP effects in both settings were found in improved parental functioning (parental stress, overreactivity, mindful parenting, partner relationship, and well-being [small to medium effect size improvements]) and child functioning (well-being and behavior problems, small effect size improvements). Improvements in child functioning were associated with improved mindful parenting. Results suggest that MP training may be an effective intervention not only for families of children referred to mental health care because of child mental disorders but also for parents who experience parental stress or parenting problems as it is.
Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) as biomarkers for gastric cancer: A review
Authors: Räihä Meri R. , Puolakkainen Pauli A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGastric adenocarcinoma is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, with an incidence of a million new cases annually. In addition to having a high mortality rate due to often delayed detection and its poor response to cancer therapy, it also spreads aggressively. Inflammation has been shown to play a role in carcinogenesis. Consequently, macrophages are important in phagocytosis, antigen presenting and producing cytokines and growth factors. As a response to microenvironmental signals, they may polarize into tumor resisting M1 or tumor promoting M2 macrophages. Recently, studies have indicated that M2‐type macrophage resembling tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) might be used as an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer. This review will discuss the possible use of TAMs as prognostic tools for gastric cancer and whether they are suitable for use in clinical environment.
Prediagnosis plasma concentrations of enterolactone and survival after colorectal cancer: the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort
Authors: Kyrø Cecilie , Frederiksen Kirsten , Holm Marianne , Nørskov Natalja P. , Knudsen Knud E. B. , Overvad Kim , Tjønneland Anne , Olsen Anja 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe association between lifestyle and survival after colorectal cancer has received limited attention. The female sex hormone, oestrogen, has been associated with lower colorectal cancer risk and mortality after colorectal cancer. Phyto-oestrogens are plant compounds with structure similar to oestrogen, and the main sources in Western populations are plant lignans. We investigated the association between the main lignan metabolite, enterolactone and survival after colorectal cancer among participants in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Prediagnosis plasma samples and lifestyle data, and clinical data from time of diagnosis from 416 women and 537 men diagnosed with colorectal cancer were used. Enterolactone was measured in plasma using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method. Participants were followed from date of diagnosis until death or end of follow-up. During this time, 210 women and 325 men died (170 women and 215 men died due to colorectal cancer). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI. Enterolactone concentrations were associated with lower colorectal cancer-specific mortality among women (HRper doubling: 0·88, 95 % CI 0·80, 0·97, P=0·0123). For men, on the contrary, enterolactone concentrations were associated with higher colorectal cancer-specific mortality (HRper doubling: 1·10, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·21, P=0·0379). The use of antibiotics affects enterolactone production, and the associations between higher enterolactone and lower colorectal cancer-specific mortality were more pronounced among women who did not use antibiotics (analysis on a subset). Our results suggest that enterolactone is associated with lower risk of mortality among women, but the opposite association was found among men.
THE BRITISH RATIFICATION OF THE UNDERWATER HERITAGE CONVENTION: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Roberts Hayley 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage 2001 came into force in 2009, providing a much-needed international legal framework for the protection of underwater cultural heritage (UCH). This article explores the reasons why the UK has neglected to ratify the Convention and why accession should now be prioritized. In doing so, the article reconciles the UK's stance with the agreement; moving the State into a position where it can reconsider ratification. In this context, it examines the definition of UCH and the purpose of the Convention, the extension of sovereign immunity for wrecked warships, and the likelihood of creeping coastal State jurisdiction beyond the competences conferred by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. This transformative analysis moves forward the debate on these issues and is of international significance to States that have been similarly hesitant to ratify the Convention until now.
Interpreting Atom Probe Data from Oxide–Metal Interfaces
Authors: McCarroll Ingrid , Scherrer Barbara , Felfer Peter , Moody Michael P. , Cairney Julie M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUnderstanding oxide–metal interfaces is crucial to the advancement of materials and components for many industries, most notably for semiconductor devices and power generation. Atom probe tomography provides three-dimensional, atomic scale information about chemical composition, making it an excellent technique for interface analysis. However, difficulties arise when analyzing interfacial regions due to trajectory aberrations, such as local magnification, and reconstruction artifacts. Correlative microscopy and field simulation techniques have revealed that nonuniform evolution of the tip geometry, caused by heterogeneous field evaporation, is partly responsible for these artifacts. Here we attempt to understand these trajectory artifacts through a study of the local evaporation field conditions. With a better understanding of the local evaporation field, it may be possible to account for some of the local magnification effects during the reconstruction process, eliminating these artifacts before data analysis.
Intergenerational transmission of adverse childhood experiences via maternal depression and anxiety and moderation by child sex
Authors: Letourneau N. , Dewey D. , Kaplan B. J. , Ntanda H. , Novick J. , Thomas J. C. , Deane A. J. , Leung B. , Pon K. , Giesbrecht G. F. ,   the APrON Study Team
Published: September 2018

AbstractAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) of parents are associated with a variety of negative health outcomes in offspring. Little is known about the mechanisms by which ACEs are transmitted to the next generation. Given that maternal depression and anxiety are related to ACEs and negatively affect children’s behaviour, these exposures may be pathways between maternal ACEs and child psychopathology. Child sex may modify these associations. Our objectives were to determine: (1) the association between ACEs and children’s behaviour, (2) whether maternal symptoms of prenatal and postnatal depression and anxiety mediate the relationship between maternal ACEs and children’s behaviour, and (3) whether these relationships are moderated by child sex. Pearson correlations and latent path analyses were undertaken using data from 907 children and their mothers enrolled the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition study. Overall, maternal ACEs were associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression during the perinatal period, and externalizing problems in children. Furthermore, we observed indirect associations between maternal ACEs and children’s internalizing and externalizing problems via maternal anxiety and depression. Sex differences were observed, with boys demonstrating greater vulnerability to the indirect effects of maternal ACEs via both anxiety and depression. Findings suggest that maternal mental health may be a mechanism by which maternal early life adversity is transmitted to children, especially boys. Further research is needed to determine if targeted interventions with women who have both high ACEs and mental health problems can prevent or ameliorate the effects of ACEs on children’s behavioural psychopathology.
Does Long‐Term GPS in the Western Alps Finally Confirm Earthquake Mechanisms?
Authors: Walpersdorf A. , Pinget L. , Vernant P. , Sue C. , Deprez A. ,   the RENAG team
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe availability of GPS survey data spanning 22 years, along with several independent velocity solutions including up to 16 years of permanent GPS data, presents a unique opportunity to search for persistent (and thus reliable) deformation patterns in the Western Alps, which in turn allow a reinterpretation of the active tectonics of this region. While GPS velocities are still too uncertain to be interpreted on an individual basis, the analysis of range‐perpendicular GPS velocity profiles clearly highlights zones of extension in the center of the belt (15.3 to 3.1 nanostrain/year from north to south), with shortening in the forelands. The contrasting geodetic deformation pattern is coherent with earthquake focal mechanisms and related strain/stress patterns over the entire Western Alps. The GPS results finally provide a reliable and robust quantification of the regional strain rates. The observed vertical motions of 2.0 to 0.5 mm/year of uplift from north to south in the core of the Western Alps is interpreted to result from buoyancy forces related to postglacial rebound, erosional unloading, and/or viscosity anomalies in the crustal and lithospheric root. Spatial decorrelation between vertical and horizontal (seismicity related) deformation calls for a combination of processes to explain the complex present‐day dynamics of the Western Alps.
Critical Southern Ocean climate model biases traced to atmospheric model cloud errors
Authors: Hyder Patrick , Edwards John M. , Allan Richard P. , Hewitt Helene T. , Bracegirdle Thomas J. , Gregory Jonathan M. , Wood Richard A. , Meijers Andrew J. S. , Mulcahy Jane , Field Paul , Furtado Kalli , Bodas-Salcedo Alejandro , Williams Keith D. , Copsey Dan , Josey Simon A. , Liu Chunlei , Roberts Chris D. , Sanchez Claudio , Ridley Jeff , Thorpe Livia , Hardiman Steven C. , Mayer Michael , Berry David I. , Belcher Stephen E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Southern Ocean is a pivotal component of the global climate system yet it is poorly represented in climate models, with significant biases in upper-ocean temperatures, clouds and winds. Combining Atmospheric and Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (AMIP5/CMIP5) simulations, with observations and equilibrium heat budget theory, we show that across the CMIP5 ensemble variations in sea surface temperature biases in the 40–60°S Southern Ocean are primarily caused by AMIP5 atmospheric model net surface flux bias variations, linked to cloud-related short-wave errors. Equilibration of the biases involves local coupled sea surface temperature bias feedbacks onto the surface heat flux components. In combination with wind feedbacks, these biases adversely modify upper-ocean thermal structure. Most AMIP5 atmospheric models that exhibit small net heat flux biases appear to achieve this through compensating errors. We demonstrate that targeted developments to cloud-related parameterisations provide a route to better represent the Southern Ocean in climate models and projections.
A global meta-analysis of yield stability in organic and conservation agriculture
Authors: Knapp Samuel , van der Heijden Marcel G. A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOne of the primary challenges of our time is to enhance global food production and security. Most assessments in agricultural systems focus on plant yield. Yet, these analyses neglect temporal yield stability, or the variability and reliability of production across years. Here we perform a meta-analysis to assess temporal yield stability of three major cropping systems: organic agriculture and conservation agriculture (no-tillage) vs. conventional agriculture, comparing 193 studies based on 2896 comparisons. Organic agriculture has, per unit yield, a significantly lower temporal stability (−15%) compared to conventional agriculture. Thus, although organic farming promotes biodiversity and is generally more environmentally friendly, future efforts should focus on reducing its yield variability. Our analysis further indicates that the use of green manure and enhanced fertilisation can reduce the yield stability gap between organic and conventional agriculture. The temporal stability (−3%) of no-tillage does not differ significantly from those of conventional tillage indicating that a transition to no-tillage does not affect yield stability.