bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ayurveda and Modern Perspective on Diseases Associated with Ahara: A Review
Authors: Naharia Ranjita , Husain Mariya 
Published: April 2019

Ahara (food) is considered as one of the most important factor in life and it is believe that the normal & abnormal physiological functioning mainly depends upon the quality of food consumed. Consumption of proper diet in appropriate manner may offer good health status while intake of unwholesome food stuffs can lead to disease condition. Ahara provides strength, complexion and Oja to the body, it play vital role towards longevity & boost mental strength also. The Rasa, Guna, Virya and Vipaka of Ahara considered responsible for the equilibrium of the Dosha and Dhatu. The consumption of proper diet not only offers nutritional value but also acts as preventive measure towards many diseases. The Ahara if not taken in proper manner then various ailments may be observed including consequences of Virudha-Ahara, present article described importance of Ahara and diseases originated from bad food habits.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Ahara, Diseases, Virudha-Ahara.
Concept of Ahara W.S.R. incompatible foods: Ayurveda and modern perspective
Authors: Gangasagre Jyotsna Nagnath , Gangasagre Nagnath Subhanji 
Published: April 2019

Samhita is considered as most important classical text of Ayurveda, used since 4th B.C. Samhita encompasses various concepts related to diseases and their treatment. Samhita offers different principles towards the maintenance of health status of whole mankind. These basic principles suggests us how to maintain good physical as well as mental status, rules of Samhita emphasizes different aspects related to diseases and their treatment. Ayurveda believe in prevention than cure therefore in this regards Ayurveda mentioned some pillars of life for healthy well being and Ahara is one of them. Ahara if consumed in proper manner then it will help to remain away from disease while inappropriate dietary pattern may lead pathological conditions. Considering Ahara as important aspect of healthy life further Ayurveda described termed “Viruddha-Ahara” which means incompatible foods responsible for pathological initiation. Incompatible food is one of the important concepts of medical science and it is believed that consumption of incompatible foods may lead various pathological manifestations. It is believed that opposite properties of wrong food combination, wrong processing, excess food consumption, consumption of food in wrong time and seasonal diversity may leads Viruddha-Ahara. Present article described ayurveda as well as modern perspective of Viruddha-Ahara/incompatible foods in a view to explore understanding of food originated diseases.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Viruddha-Ahara, Incompatible foods, Samhita-Siddhant.
Stability indicating Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of artemether and lumefantrine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Sukanya Bandari , Mohan Goud V , Anitha P 
Published: April 2019

Ultra performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of the Artemether (AMT) and Lumefantrine (LFT) in Tablet dosage form. Chromatogram was run through X-bridge C18 100 x 2.1 mm, 3.5m. Mobile phase containing Buffer 0.01N KH2PO4 (3.5pH): Acetonitrile taken in the ratio 55:45 was pumped through column at a flow rate of 0.3ml/min. Buffer used in this method was 0.01N KH2PO4. Temperature was maintained at 30°C. Optimized wavelength selected was 215nm. Retention time of AMT and LFT were found to be 0.787 min and 1.572min. %RSD of the AMT and LFT were and found to be 0.7 and 0.6 respectively. %Recovery was obtained as 99.49% and 100.22% for AMT and LFT respectively. LOD, LOQ values obtained from regression equations of AMT and LFT were 0.03, 0.08 and 0.095, 0.288 respectively. Regression equation of AMT is y = 19308x + 1509 and y = 36919x + 11566 of LFT. The developed method was simple and economical that can be adopted in regular Quality control test in Industries.
Keywords: Artemether (AMT), Lumefantrine (LFT), Acetonitrile, UPLC.
''Eco-friendly extraction using solids'' - A novel application of mixed solvency concept
Authors: Maheshwari R.K. , Jain Shruti , Padria Anjali , Mulani Pawan , Baghel Jaydeep Singh , Maheshwari Neelesh 
Published: April 2019

As per the mixed solvency concept (proposed by Dr. R.K. Maheshwari), each and every substance present on the earth has got solubilizing property i.e. all the liquids, gases and solids possess solubilizing power. In the mixed solvency concept, each substance is a solubilizer. We know that all the liquids (matter in liquid state at room temperature) are known as solvents. No solvent is universal solvent. We can say that all the solvents are good solvents for some solutes and bad solvents for other solutes. Similarly, all gases and solids have good solubilizing power for some solutes and bad solubilizing power for other solutes. Organic solvents have innumerous adverse effects. Such organic solvents should be replaced by other eco-friendly alternative sources. The main objective of this research work is to provide a novel idea to the researchers that solids can also be employed for extraction of active constituents from powders of roots, leaves, seeds, fruits, bark of plants etc. In the present investigation, sesame oil has been extracted from powdered seeds of sesame using solubilizing powers of two solids, thymol and menthol using different methods. Melted thymol (temperature about 50°C), melted menthol (temperature about 45°C) were observed to have very good solubility for sesame oil. Therefore, they were used for extraction of sesame oil. Ethanol was found to be bad solvent for sesame oil. Thymol and menthol improved the solubility of sesame oil in ethanol and helped in extraction. Thymol and menthol are easily removed at about 80°C. Organic solvents are removed from extracts by suitable methods like heating, vacuum distillation etc. These solids (menthol and thymol) are also removable. Also, they can be recollected using suitable methods for recycling purposes.
Keywords: Extraction, mixed solvency concept, sesame oil, menthol, thymol, eutectic liquid, solubilizer
Preparation, Characterization and Applications of Nanoemulsions: An Insight
Authors: Majeed Asmat , Bashir Rabiah , Farooq Saeema , Maqbool Mudasir 
Published: April 2019

Nanoemulsions are defined as isotropic, thermodynamically stable, transparent or translucent; dispersions of oil and water stabilized by surfactant molecules (forms an interfacial film) having the droplet size of 20-500nm. Ease of preparation and scale-up, stability and increased bioavailability are features of these formulations which have attracted the attention of researchers. Its basic principle lies in its ability to spontaneously generate fine o/w microemulsion under mild agitation following dilution with aqueous phases. These conditions mimic the digestive motility in the GIT necessary to provide the agitation required for In vivo self emulsification. Unlike emulsions, self-nanoemulsified drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) generates microemulsion with a narrow droplet size distribution of less than 50 nm due to which these systems have also been addressed as nanoemulsions. Nanoemulsions (NE) are lipidic nanoformulations with droplet diameter in nanometer range have established tremendous attention as drug delivery formulations for lipophilic drugs due to their capability to increase solubility, permeation across biological membranes as well as their therapeutic efficiency of lipid soluble drugs due to predictable size-distribution, high drug loading and stability under biological environment. However there is still relatively narrow insight regarding preparation, characterization and applications of nanoemulsions. This limitation unfolds the premise for current review article. In this review, we attempt to explore varying intricacies, methods of preparation, characteristics, and drug delivery applications of nanoemulsions to spike interest of those contemplating a foray in this field.
Keywords: Nanoemulsions, Novel drug delivery system, increased bioavailability.
Design, development and optimization of immediate release tablet of deflazacort
Authors: Raina Binu , Shrivastava Birendra C , Bhargava Anurag , Sharma Shailesh , Sharma Abhimanyu Rai , Bajwa Prabhjot Singh 
Published: April 2019

The objective of the present study was to prepare immediate release tablets (IRTs) of deflazacort by direct compression method. Two types of superdisintegrants i.e. sodium starch glycolate (SSG) and Ac-Di-sol were used in the formulation of tablets. Twelve preliminary batches were prepared by varying the concentration of superdisintegrants. It was found that formulation containing Ac-Di-Sol disintegrated in less time as compared to formulation containing sodium starch glycolate. Values of friability was found to be more in case of formulation containing Ac-Di-Sol. Attempts were also made to prepare the tablets containing superdisintegrants in combination and these resulted in the formulation with improved values of disintegration time and friability. On the basis of preliminary studies optimization of IRT was done employing 32 full factorial design using design expert 7. The optimized batch of IRTs showed friability and disintegration time values of 0.598 and 64.17±3.50 respectively. It was also found that 96.26±1.82% of drug was released within 5 min.
Keywords: Immediate release tablets, deflazacort, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sodium starch glycolate, Ac-Di-Sol, 32 full factorial design
Pharmacological assessments of polyphenolic extract of Cymbopogon citratus leaves in rodent model of parkinson’s disease
Authors: Mangrulkar Shubhada , Chaple Dinesh 
Published: April 2019

Parkinson's disease (PD) is amongst the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Natural compounds, especially the polyphenols have gained great interest as potential therapeutic agents in recent research. Thus, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of polyphenolic extract of Cymbopogon citratus (C. Citratus) leaves in animal models of PD. In the given study PD was induced by administration of reserpine (5 mg/kg/day, i.p for 5 consecutive days), haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i.p.), in experimental animals. The symptoms of PD such as tremors, akinesia, rigidity and catalepsy were evaluated. Ethanolic extract of Cymbopogon citratus (CC) in doses of 100, 200 & 400mg/kg were administered per oral (PO). The L-dopa and carbidopa (30 mg/kg, PO) combination was used as a positive standard drug. Behavioural studies such as locomotor activity were performed. In catalepsy model, there is significant reduction in catalepsy duration in CC (100, 200, 400mg/kg) treated group as compared to the haloperidol group. In reserpine model, there is significant decrease of muscular rigidity, tremors, and akinesia in groups treated with CC (100, 200, 400mg/kg) dose dependently. Thus, the present study suggests the beneficial role of C. citratus leaves polyphenolic extract in treatment of parkinsonian like symptoms.
Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; catalepsy test; haloperidol; reserpine, rotarod test, polyphenols, Cymbopogon citratus
The ancient, Present and Future Prospects of Tongue Manifestation
Authors: Ma Yu-Hui , Li Lin-Feng , Wu Hao-Nan , Zhang Yu-Xuan , Zhang Yu , Liang Yu-Rong 
Published: April 2019

Tongue inspection with a long history is one of the most distinctive methods in diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The emergence and improvement of tongue inspection theory is the crystallization of countless ancient medical doctors' wisdom. We should combine the theory of tongue inspection and modern technology and interchange TCM and western medicine, which is conducive to clinical research and promotes the objective development of tongue inspection, achieving the inheritance of TCM and creating TCM of our time.
Keywords: tongue inspection; ancient; modern; future prospects
Evaluation of hair growth promoting activity of petroleum ether extract of Abrus precatorius Linn. on Wistar Albino rats
Authors: Omhare Namrata , Sahu Pratibha , Gautam Shailee , Jain Nidhi 
Published: April 2019

In present investigation was carried out to screening of hair growth promoting potentiality of petroleum ether extract of Abrus precatorius leaf. Preliminary chemical tests and TLC analysis revealed the presence flavonoids and saponins. Hair growth promoting activity of petroleum ether of Abrus precatorius was screened by considering different parameters which included time taken for covering bald patch, length of hair produced, percentage of hair follicles in anagen and telogen phases, time of hair growth initiation and completion and level of minerals in blood. The petroleum ether extract of Abrus precatorius showed a very good hair growth promoting activity at a dose of 300 mg/kg which was comparable to that of 2% minoxidil. After 30 days of treatment with test and standard drugs it was observed that, time taken for covering the bald patch, hair growth initiation and completion time and quantitative hair growth were found to be comparable to that of the standard drug. An increase in percentage of hair follicles turning from telogen phase to anagen phase was noted. The control treated group of animals showed poor hair growth for all the parameters.
Keywords: Abrus precatorius Linn, Anagen, Catagen, Telogen, Minoxidil
Ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Clerodendrum infortunatum L. (Lamiaceae): A review
Authors: Prashith Kekuda T.R. , Dhanya Shree V.S. , Saema Noorain G.K. , Sahana B.K. , Raghavendra H.L. 
Published: April 2019

Ethnobotany is the scientific study concerned with the study of relationship between plants and man, in particular, how people use their traditional knowledge with respect to utilization of plant resources for their wellbeing. Plants have been extensively used since time immemorial as an indispensible source such as food, fodder, medicine, dyes, flavoring agents and for construction purposes. The genus Clerodendrum is one of the largest plant genera, belongs to the family Lamiaceae and encompasses herbs, shrubs and trees distributed worldwide. Clerodendrum infortunatum L. (synonym Clerodendrum viscosum Vent.) is one among the important species of the genus Clerodendrum. In the present review, we discuss the traditional (ethnobotanical) uses and pharmacological activities displayed by C. infortunatum. An extensive literature survey revealed that various parts of C. infortunatum are used traditionally by various indigenous communities as green salad, as an ingredient in local wine and to treat ailments or disorders such as headache, toothache, rheumatism, swelling, skin diseases, fever, diabetes, malaria, burns, tumor and epilepsy. Literatures revealed various pharmacological properties exhibited by the plant such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, wound healing, antivenom, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anthelmintic, insecticidal, thrombolytic and cytotoxic activities.
Keywords: Clerodendrum infortunatum L., Lamiaceae, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological activities
Evaluation of plasma zinc and copper in patient with chronic renal failure in Khartoum State - Sudan
Authors: Elmukashfi Salman Taha Ahmed , Saeed Abdelwahab Abdien , Hassan Mutaz Ibrahim 
Published: April 2019

The kidney is complex vital organs, and has many functions. The main function it‘s removal of toxic and excess substancesfrom the plasma, if there is any defect in the kidney like renal failure can disrupt this function. The aim of this study was to determine the level of Zinc and Copper in Sudanese patient with chronic renal failure. This study was designed as case control, which includes 100 blood samples, a 60 from these sample were collected from patient with chronic renal failure and 40 samples were collected from health individual as control group and the sample is collected by using sterile disposable syringes and separated by centrifuge. Carried out in Ribat University Hospital in Khartoum state, during period from March to June 2018. And the plasma levels of zinc and copper determined by the use of atomic absorption spectrophotometer (OPERATOR’S MANUAL January 2003 VER 3.94 C), and the obtained results were analyzed by SPSS. The result of this study showed that there was significant decrease (p<0.05) in the plasma levels of zinc and copper in patient with chronic renal failure compared to the control subjects. The mean of plasma Zn was 0.3mg/l in test group and 0.7mg/l in control group with p. value of 0.002 and the mean of plasma Copper was 0.5mg/l in test group and 0.7mg/l in control group with p. value of 0.019. Also the study showed the gender and age of the patient, also the duration of the disease have no effect on the plasma level of zinc and copper (p 0.05). The study concludes that the plasma level of zinc and copper are low in patient with chronic renal failure. And the gender and age of the patient also the duration of disease have no significant effect on the plasma level of zinc and copper.
Keywords: Chronic Renal Failure, Zinc, Copper, Sudanese
Evaluation of acute and subchronic toxicity of dragon blood resin extract
Authors: Saxena Gaurav , Mittal Abhilasha , Siddiqui Abdul Wadood 
Published: April 2019

Draceana cinnabari (Dracaenaceae) is traditionally used in the treatment of wounds, leucorrhea, fractures, and diarrhoea. Herein, we performed a pre-clinical safety evaluation of extract of Draceana cinnabari resin on Spradgue Dawley rats. Toxicological codicil of the extract was carried out following OECD guidelines 423 and 407, with minor changes. DC resin methanol extract administered to the rats by oral gavage at 50, 500, 1500, and 2500 mg/kg body weight daily up to 28 days to male and female rats. Herbal extract could most likely be very much endured up to the dose 2000 mg/kg body weight and could be named Category 4. Oral toxicity studies confirm that Draceana cinnabari has no therapy-related demise or toxic signs on rats. Therefore, the resin, ought to be suitably considered for additional research for its medicinal and therapeutic efficacy.
Keywords: Dracaenaceae, DC extract, Resin, Acute toxicity, Sub Chronic Toxicity
Evaluation of Drug-diet interaction between Psidium guajava (Guava) fruit and Metoclopramide
Authors: Amadi Cecilia Nwadiuto , Aghalibe Patience Onyinye 
Published: April 2019

Studies have showed that phytochemicals present in fruit juices alter the oral bioavailability of drugs by inhibition of metabolising enzymes and transport proteins. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Psidium guajava on the oral exposure of metoclopramide in rabbits. Pharmacokinetic parameters of metoclopramide were determined in rabbits following an oral (0.5mg/kg) administration of metoclopramide in the presence and absence of Psidium guajava (5mL/kg, given orally). Compared to the control group given metoclopramide alone, the combined use of Psidium guajava increased the oral exposure (AUC) of metoclopramide by 13% with a corresponding 177 % increase in Cmax and half-life (71%). Furthermore, Tmax decreased from 2h to 1h which might have contributed to the elevated plasma drug concentration in the first two hours in the presence of Psidium guajava. There was a significant increase in Cmax (177%) and Ka (207%) which could be attributed to enhanced absorption via inhibition of P-gp resulting to increased bioavailability of the drug. In contrast, there was a significant decrease in elimination rate (88%) and a decrease in clearance rate (17%) attributable to inhibitor of P450 enzymes (CYP2D6) by the phytochemical constituents. Psidium guajava enhanced the oral exposure of metoclopramide in rabbits likely by the inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux during the intestinal absorption and inhibition of P450 enzyme system during metabolism, suggesting that the combined use of Psidium guajava or Psidium guajava-containing diet with metoclopramide may require close monitoring for potential drug–diet interactions.
Keywords: metoclopramide, Psidium guajava, diet–drug interaction, P-glycoprotein, P450 enzymes.
Fortification role of Curcumin against renal and testicular toxicity of synthetic food dye brilliant blue in rats
Authors: Mohamed Eman , Abo-laila Ibrahim , Masoud Marwa Ashour 
Published: April 2019

Increasing awareness has been lately paid to the toxicity of synthetic additives used in food. The main aim of this study was to survey the renal and testicular toxicity of synthetic food dye brilliant blue. Administration of the BB changed body and relative organs weights, serum creatinine, urea (BUN), uric acid and serum FSH, LH, testosterone levels. This study proved that BB induced oxidative damage as manifested by significant increase in Lipid peroxidation with disorganization in the activity of glutathione peroxidase, protein carbonyl and reactive oxygen species content. Histopathological changes include: infiltration and vacuolation in kidney. In addition; degeneration and necrosis of spermatogoneal cells lining seminiferous tubules in testis. Furthermore; BB induced appotosis via activation of casp-3. Administration of curcumin with BB attenuated the cytotoxic effects of brilliant blue on kidney and testis tissues and reducing apoptotic cell death as well as improved the redox status of kidney and testis.
Keywords: Brilliant blue dye, Curcumin, Kidney, Testis, Histopathology, Rats.
Potential benefits of phytochemicals for treatment of hyperpigmentation
Authors: Kaur Harsimran , Afsana , , Aggarwal Geeta , Nagpal Manju 
Published: April 2019

UV radiation (UV) is considered as a complete carcinogen as it is both a mutagen and a non-specific damaging agent. It is the most important risk factor for skin cancer and many other skin disorders like Hyperpigmentation. There is a need of long-term topical skin care treatments (both cosmetic and cosmeceutical) to address problems associated with hyperpigmentation. Synthetic depigmenting agents, such as hydroquinone, mequinol, although highly effective, can raise several safety concerns (for example, ochronosis, cataract, impaired wound healing, desquamation, and other local or systemic side effects) with long-term exposure. The benefits of phytochemicals and natural extracts offer opportunities to develop new formulations to treat pigmentation problems. Cosmeceuticals are topical cosmetic-pharmaceutical preparations containing active ingredients which improve the appearance of skin. Among cosmeceuticals, the phytochemicals have been known to have a multitude of cellular actions for various dermatological diseases. Plant-derived compounds and their effectiveness in the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders (Melasma) are discussed.
Keywords: UV radiation, Hyperpigmentation, Phytochemicals, Cosmeceuticals
Preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles through various methods using different precursors
Authors: Singh Richa 
Published: April 2019

Now a day there has been exponential increase in interest in developing nanoparticles for novel drug delivery system. Nanoparticles provide many advantages over conventional drug delivery system like improved pharmacokinetic property; enhance bioavailability, smaller drug dose required for the treatment. Recently solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) materialized as novel approach to oral and parenteral drug delivery system. SLN possess a solid lipid core that can solubilise lipophilic drug. Lipid core was stabilised by using surfactant (emulsifier). SLN can be prepared by using various precursors like emulsion, micro emulsion, and SLM can be prepared by using lipid coated microcrystal. These precursors further proceed to obtain particles of desired size and shape by making use of various techniques and equipment’s. Each precursor show benefits along with some limitations.
Keywords: solid lipid nanoparticles, SLN precursors, membrane contractor, spray dry and congealing, GAMA.