bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Good, The Bad and The Ugly
Authors: Nolan Andy , Russell Jennifer L , Nolan Judy , Pruitt Timothy C 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMany aspects of Systems Engineering rely on Judgement; that is the benefit of having experienced systems engineers in positions of influence. Judgement, as defined here, is the reliance on experience when making decisions. Making decisions based on Judgement can be risky because the accuracy of the Judgement is unknown. What if there a way to mitigate the risk of using Judgement as a basis for decisions?This paper shows that it is possible to assess a person's Judgement Accuracy based on a simple test that takes less than ten minutes to complete. After testing over two hundred people from two companies and comparing their test results to the accuracy of their Judgements, the test is shown to be a reliable predictor of the a person's Judgement Accuracy.Why is this important for Systems Engineering? If systems engineers are valued for their Judgement, it is important to know when Judgement is accurate and under what conditions. This paper provides a simple method for any organization to determine the Judgment Accuracy and what to do if is not.
Brownfield Systems Development: Moving from the Vee Model to the N Model for Legacy Systems
Authors: Walden David D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMost systems engineering standards, references, and textbooks consider systems development from a “greenfield” (i.e., clean‐sheet, new development) perspective. There are several development (or life cycle) models used for greenfield developments, with the “Vee” model being a popular choice. Many development efforts are better considered from a “brownfield” perspective (i.e., improving upon or replacing legacy systems). This paper proposes an extension of the Vee model, called the N model, which adds a site survey and various reconstruction processes to help move from the as‐is system to the to‐be system for brownfield development efforts. Three examples are provided to demonstrate how the N model can be applied in different situations.
System Resilience: Application Domain Perspectives
Authors: Ferris Timothy L. J. , Jackson Scott , Willett Keith D. , Hailey Victoria A. , Specking Eric 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExperts in many domains are studying the concept of resilience, that is, the ability of a system to maintain required capability in the face of an adversity. The purpose of the paper is to explore how resilience related considerations vary among different application domains. Domains examined include civil systems, military systems, cyber space, natural systems, and organizational systems. One factor in how domains differ is how the system reacts or adapts to an adversity, which may be natural or human‐made or internal to the system itself. Domains differ with respect to the timeframes in which the system engages the adversity. The system of systems context can either be a hindrance or a benefit to resilience. Recovery can be accomplished through architectural and design techniques suitable for the system and the scenario at hand. This paper concludes that resilience as described in all domains are contextually appropriate manifestations of resilience.
Interactive Knowledge Architecture An intuitive tool for effective knowledge sharing
Authors: Jensen Halvor Røed , Muller Gerrit , Balfour Adam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on sharing knowledge in early phases of system development. It introduces an interactive documentation tool called the Interactive Knowledge Architecture. The tool works as a knowledge base of the problem domain. We created the tool using Human‐Centered Design principles. The lack of an early common understanding of the problem domain can result in increased project costs. We have experienced that we need to focus on the human aspects of project execution to successfully achieve a common understanding among the project team members and customers.This paper presents the results of implementing the Interactive Knowledge Architecture in three system development projects. To study the tool's ability to meet the human aspects, we used an action research approach. The results of this research imply that the Interactive Knowledge Architecture offers a usable, accessible, and desirable way to document and share knowledge.
The Drone System I: Context‐Level Architecture
Authors: MacCarthy John 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper is the first of two papers that together provide an example of how to use the systems engineering processes outlined in the INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook and ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015 to develop a SysML system architecture from a user's statement of need and then to develop a mathematical system model for system reliability, availability, and maintainability that may be used to perform system design and cost‐effectiveness trade‐off analyses. This paper focuses on the development of a SysML architecture for a drone system that provides surveillance and delivery services.
An Integrated Quantitative Approach to Acceptance Testing and Related Decisions
Authors: MacCarthy John 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper provides an integrated, analytical framework (and associated tools) for determining the scope of an acceptance test, designing acceptance tests, and for making acceptance decisions. A decision tree model is developed that may be used to determine the value of different acceptance test designs. Hypothesis testing models are developed that may be used to determine the performance threshold for testing, given a desired confidence of failing a bad system (test “Power”), and the design margin required to have a given confidence of passing a good system (test “Confidence”). These two models are then integrated into a single model that may be used to establish a test design (in terms of an acceptance threshold and the number of measurements) that achieves a desired test Power and Confidence. Finally a decision tree model is developed for the system acceptance decision based on the results of a given acceptance test.
Genotoxic activity of 1,2,3‐triazolyl modified furocoumarins and 2,3‐dihydrofurocoumarins
Authors: Kremis Stepan A. , Baev Dmitry S. , Lipeeva Alla V. , Shults Elvira E. , Tolstikova Tatiana G. , Sinitsyna Olga I. , Kochetov Alexey V. , Frolova Tatiana S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe furocoumarin backbone is a promising platform for chemical modifications aimed at creating new pharmaceutical agents. However, the high level of biological activity of furocoumarins is associated with a number of negative effects. For example, some of the naturally occurring ones and their derivatives can show genotoxic and mutagenic properties as a result of their forming crosslinks with DNA molecules. Therefore, a particularly important area for the chemical modification of natural furocoumarins is to reduce the negative aspects of their bioactivity. By studying a group of 21 compounds—1,2,3‐triazolyl modified derivatives of furocoumarin and peucedanin—using the SOS chromotest, the Ames test, and DNA‐comet assays, we revealed modifications that can neutralize the structure's genotoxic properties. Theoretical aspects of the interaction of the compound library were studied using molecular modeling and this identified the leading role of the polyaromatic molecular core that takes part in stacking‐interactions with the pi‐systems of the nitrogenous bases of DNA.
Religiosity and the psychological outcomes of trauma: A systematic review of quantitative studies
Authors: Kucharska Justyna 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis is a broad review examining the relationships between religiosity and the psychological outcomes of trauma. Previous studies showed that some constructs of religiosity are associated with lower severity of symptoms of mental disorders, whereas others, for instance, negative religious coping, predict deteriorated mental health.MethodA systematic review of peer‐reviewed quantitative studies was conducted to examine the patterns of relationships between religiosity and psychological outcomes of trauma, potential causal relationships, and specific effect of religiosity on the outcomes on trauma.ResultsA total of 79 quantitative studies were included. The majority focused on military trauma or various types of traumatic exposure in the general population. Most of the studies employed a cross‐sectional design.ConclusionsThe associations between religiosity and psychological outcomes of trauma depend on the concept of religion used in a study, type of trauma. There is not enough evidence to support the causal effect of religiosity.
How individualism–collectivism influences consumer responses to the sharing economy: Consociality and promotional type
Authors: Mai Shirley , Ketron Seth , Yang Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWith the explosion of online exchange of products, the sharing economy is experiencing ever‐increasing growth. Despite the increasing popularity of lateral exchange market platforms as part of the sharing economy, research has not yet adequately investigated cultural effects on how consumers’ intentions to purchase products on these platforms. Using two studies, this paper examines whether consumers high in individualism versus consumers high in collectivism respond differently to platforms with low versus high consociality and how individualistic and collectivistic consumers respond differently to two types of promotions that relate to self‐maximization. Findings in Study 1 indicated that consumers high in individualism (collectivism) have higher patronage intentions toward a platform low (high) in consociality. Findings in Study 2 suggested that in the presence of a promotion, collectivistic consumers respond comparably to promotional types across platforms, whereas individualistic consumers respond more positively to collective (individual) promotions when consociality is low (high). Further, felt commitment to others as a result of the consociality/promotional type relationship explains these effects. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Assessing the impact of curcumin on dual‐species biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans
Authors: Li Xinlong , Yin Luoping , Ramage Gordon , Li Bingchun , Tao Ye , Zhi Qinghui , Lin Huancai , Zhou Yan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStreptococcus mutans and Candida albicans are often isolated from plaques associated with early childhood caries. However, there are limited studies examining how these microorganisms interact with one another and how best to manage them. Recent studies have shown that curcumin (CUR), a natural compound, has the potential to independently control both of these microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate how S. mutans and C. albicans respond in mono‐ and dual‐species biofilms challenged with CUR. Quantitative biofilm biomass and viability were first evaluated and supported by live–dead PCR to assess biofilm composition. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to evaluate the exopolysaccharide (EPS) content and thickness of the biofilms, and the structure of the biofilms and morphology of the cells were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) was applied to assess relative gene expression. The 50% minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC50) of CUR against S. mutans and C. albicans was 0.5 mM. The biomass and viability decreased after treatment with CUR both in dual‐species biofilms and in mono‐species biofilm. CUR inhibited S. mutans and C. albicans in both mono‐ and dual‐species biofilms. Streptococcus mutans was more sensitive to CUR in dual‐species biofilm than in mono‐species biofilms, whereas C. albicans was less sensitive in dual‐species biofilms. EPS production was decreased by CUR in both mono‐ and dual‐species biofilms, which coincided with the downregulation of glucosyltransferase and quorum sensing‐related gene expression of S. mutans. In C. albicans, the agglutinin‐like sequence family of C. albicans was also downregulated in dual‐species biofilms. Collectively, these data show the potential benefit of using a natural antimicrobial, CUR, to control caries‐related dual‐species plaque biofilms.
Clinical and genetic analysis of ZTTK syndrome caused by SON heterozygous mutation c.394C>T
Authors: Yang Yu , Xu Lei , Yu Zhen , Huang Hui , Yang Li 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aims to summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of ZTTK syndrome.MethodsThe clinical and genetic data of a Chinese girl with severe growth and development delay, intellectual disability, and facial features were analyzed. Original articles on ZTTK syndrome published up to November 20l8 were identified from PubMed, Human Gene Mutation Database, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases using the keywords “ZTTK syndrome” and “SON”.ResultsThe patient was born small for gestational age, and had poor academic performance, delayed language development, and motor retardation. The patient's height was 113 cm (less than −3 SD), and had moles on the back skin and possessed facial features. A novel heterozygous mutation c.394C>T (p.Q132X) of SON was found in this patient, but the parents were normal.ConclusionThe patient's clinical phenotype was consistent with ZTTK syndrome. The novel heterozygous mutation c.394C>T (p.Q132X) of SON was its pathogenic mutation, which has not been reported at home and abroad.
Optimizing natural gas pipeline transmission with nonuniform elevation: A new initialization approach
Authors: Xue Mengying , Deng Tianhu , Max Shen Zuo‐Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we develop an iterative piecewise linear approximation approach with a novel initialization method to solve natural gas pipeline transmission problems with the nonuniform network elevation. Previous approaches, such as energy minimization methods, cannot be applied to solve problems with the nonuniform network elevation because they exclude pressure range constraints, and thus provide solutions far from optimum. We propose a new initialization model that considers pressure range constraints and improves the optimality of the solutions and the computational efficiency. Furthermore, we extend the energy minimization methods and provide the necessary conditions under which the extended methods operate in networks with the nonuniform elevation. We test the performances of the methods with previously reported pipeline networks from the literature, with the open data set GasLib, and with our industrial collaborator. The initialization approach is shown to be more efficient than the method with fixed initial breakpoints. The newly proposed initialization approach generates solutions with a higher accuracy than the extended energy minimization methods, especially in large‐size networks. The proposed method has been applied to natural gas transmission planning by the China National Petroleum Corporation and has brought a direct profit increase of 330 million U.S. dollars in 2015‐2017.
A cover based competitive facility location model with continuous demand
Authors: Drezner Tammy , Drezner Zvi , Suzuki Atsuo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper we propose and solve a competitive facility location model when demand is continuously distributed in an area and each facility attracts customers within a given distance. This distance is a measure of the facility's attractiveness level which may be different for different facilities. The market share captured by each facility is calculated by two numerical integration methods. These approaches can be used for evaluating functional values in other operations research models as well. The single facility location problem is optimally solved by the big triangle small triangle global optimization algorithm and the multiple facility problem is heuristically solved by the Nelder‐Mead algorithm. Extensive computational experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the solution approaches.
Single‐machine scheduling with deadlines to minimize the total weighted late work
Authors: Chen Rubing , Yuan Jinjiang , Ng C.T. , Cheng T.C.E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe consider scheduling a set of jobs with deadlines to minimize the total weighted late work on a single machine, where the late work of a job is the amount of processing of the job that is scheduled after its due date and before its deadline. This is the first study on scheduling with the late work criterion under the deadline restriction. In this paper, we show that (i) the problem is unary NP‐hard even if all the jobs have a unit weight, (ii) the problem is binary NP‐hard and admits a pseudo‐polynomial‐time algorithm and a fully polynomial‐time approximation scheme if all the jobs have a common due date, and (iii) some special cases of the problem are polynomially solvable.
Increasing self‐efficacy and knowledge in carer training: Hispanic versus Caucasian
Authors: Easom Leisa , Wang Ke , Alston Gayle 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimNurses are teachers to their patients and need to know best practices for diverse families living with dementia. Little is known about Hispanic beliefs around dementia knowledge and self‐efficacy that may have an impact on the learning situation.DesignA pre‐/postresearch design was used in this intervention study with a baseline assessment of dementia knowledge and caregiver self‐efficacy and a reassessment at training completion.MethodsInvestigation of education training with two caregiver groups caring for persons with dementia: Caucasian and Hispanic. Convenience sample consisted of 567 Caucasians and 104 Hispanic dementia caregivers. Groups received training in their primary language accompanied by a training book (Dealing with Dementia Guide) also in the primary language.ResultsDementia knowledge and caregiver self‐efficacy increased in both groups with the Hispanic group demonstrating significantly greater increase in self‐efficacy. The Caucasian group had a significantly greater increase in the dementia knowledge compared with the Hispanic group.
Validation of the instrument “Complexity of Nursing Care”—A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Huber Evelyn , Kleinknecht‐Dolf Michael , Kugler Christiane , Müller Marianne , Spirig Rebecca 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to psychometrically test the instrument “Complexity of Nursing Care” and to broaden the understanding of the instrument's psychometrics and applicability.DesignEmbedded mixed‐methods design.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study assessing all stationary patients of five Swiss hospitals daily for up to 5 days with the instrument “Complexity of Nursing Care” over a 1–month period in 2015. The scale's psychometrics were analysed using partial least square structural equation modelling. In the qualitative study section, we completed 12 case studies and analysed them case‐wise and across cases. Quantitative and qualitative results were synthesized in tables.ResultsStructural equation modelling confirmed a reflective‐formative second‐order model of the instrument with good psychometric properties leading to a formula for the calculation of a complexity score. Qualitative results evolved descriptions of low and high extent of complexity. Narrative considerations of two raters deepened the understanding of the inter‐rater reliability.
Biopolymer Microparticles Prepared by Microfluidics for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Jo Yun Kee , Lee Daeyeon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBiopolymers are macromolecules that are derived from natural sources and have attractive properties for a plethora of biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low antigenicity, and high bioactivity. Microfluidics has emerged as a powerful approach for fabricating polymeric microparticles (MPs) with designed structures and compositions through precise manipulation of multiphasic flows at the microscale. The synergistic combination of materials chemistry afforded by biopolymers and precision provided by microfluidic capabilities make it possible to design engineered biopolymer‐based MPs with well‐defined physicochemical properties that are capable of enabling an efficient delivery of therapeutics, 3D culture of cells, and sensing of biomolecules. Here, an overview of microfluidic approaches is provided for the design and fabrication of functional MPs from three classes of biopolymers including polysaccharides, proteins, and microbial polymers, and their advances for biomedical applications are highlighted. An outlook into the future research on microfluidically‐produced biopolymer MPs for biomedical applications is also provided.
Oxygen Vacancy–Rich In‐Doped CoO/CoP Heterostructure as an Effective Air Cathode for Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Jin Wei , Chen Jianping , Liu Bing , Hu Jiugang , Wu Zexing , Cai Weiquan , Fu Gengtao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn efficient and low‐cost electrocatalyst for reversible oxygen electrocatalysis is crucial for improving the performance of rechargeable metal−air batteries. Herein, a novel oxygen vacancy–rich 2D porous In‐doped CoO/CoP heterostructure (In‐CoO/CoP FNS) is designed and developed by a facile free radicals–induced strategy as an effective bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn–air batteries. The electron spin resonance and X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy provide clear evidence that abundant oxygen vacancies are formed in the interface of In‐CoO/CoP FNS. Owing to abundant oxygen vacancies, porous heterostructure, and multiple components, In‐CoO/CoP FNS exhibits excellent oxygen reduction reaction activity with a positive half‐wave potential of 0.81 V and superior oxygen evolution reaction activity with a low overpotential of 365 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, a home‐made Zn–air battery with In‐CoO/CoP FNS as an air cathode delivers a large power density of 139.4 mW cm−2, a high energy density of 938 Wh kgZn−1, and can be steadily cycled over 130 h at 10 mA cm−2, demonstrating great application potential in rechargeable metal–air batteries.