bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing lifetimes of coherent systems with dependent components operating in random environments
Authors: Kamal Hazra Nil , Finkelstein Maxim 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe study the impact of a random environment on lifetimes of coherent systems with dependent components. There are two combined sources of this dependence. One results from the dependence of the components of the coherent system operating in a deterministic environment and the other is due to dependence of components of the system sharing the same random environment. We provide different sets of sufficient conditions for the corresponding stochastic comparisons and consider various scenarios, namely, (i) two different (as a specific case, identical) coherent systems operate in the same random environment; (ii) two coherent systems operate in two different random environments; (iii) one of the coherent systems operates in a random environment and the other in a deterministic environment. Some examples are given to illustrate the proposed reasoning.
Sources and origins of eolian dust to the Philippine Sea determined by major minerals and elemental geochemistry
Authors: Wang Wei , Xu Zhaokai , Li Tiegang , Wan Shiming , Cai Mingjiang , Chen Hongjin , Sun Rongtao , Lim Dhongil 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe investigated the microscopic mineral characteristics of modern eolian dust particulates and the trace-element compositions of the siliciclastic fractions of these samples, collected from the Philippine Sea in 2014 and 2015, and conducted an air mass backwards trajectory analysis of dust particulates in the spring and winter of 2015, to better constrain the provenances and transport dynamics of dust delivered to this region. The microscopic minerals show obvious signatures of dust deposition and physical abrasion, indicating long-distance wind transport from the Asian deserts. The trace-element compositions (Zr–Th–Sc) display a binary mixture of eolian materials derived from the eastern Asian deserts and the central Asian deserts, which is similar to the result of the Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of modern sediment trap sediments collected on the Benham Rise in 2015. We demonstrate that modern dust sediments in the Philippine Sea primarily originate from the Ordos Desert (generally > 80%), while the contributions of the Taklimakan Desert and the Badain Jaran Desert are small. Eolian dust particulates raised from source regions are predominantly transported to the Philippine Sea by the East Asian winter monsoon, but not by the westerlies. In addition, our results indicate that increased precipitation in the source regions can result in relatively low dust fluxes in the Philippine Sea, and there is a period of 6–7 days for eolian dust originating from source areas to be delivered to the Philippine Sea.
QUOTIENT CATEGORIES OF n-ABELIAN CATEGORIES
Authors: ZHENG QILIAN , WEI JIAQUN 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe notion of mutation pairs of subcategories in an n-abelian category is defined in this paper. Let ${\cal D} \subseteq {\cal Z}$ be subcategories of an n-abelian category ${\cal A}$. Then the quotient category ${\cal Z}/{\cal D}$ carries naturally an (n + 2) -angulated structure whenever $ ({\cal Z},{\cal Z}) $ forms a ${\cal D} \subseteq {\cal Z}$-mutation pair and ${\cal Z}$ is extension-closed. Moreover, we introduce strongly functorially finite subcategories of n-abelian categories and show that the corresponding quotient categories are one-sided (n + 2)-angulated categories. Finally, we study homological finiteness of subcategories in a mutation pair.
‘It's our pleasure, we count cars here’: an exploration of the ‘neighbourhood-based connections’ for people living alone with dementia
Authors: Odzakovic Elzana , Kullberg Agneta , Hellström Ingrid , Clark Andrew , Campbell Sarah , Manji Kainde , Rummery Kirstein , Keady John , Ward Richard 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe extent of social isolation experienced by people living with dementia who reside in the community has been well acknowledged, yet little is known about how people living alone with dementia maintain neighbourhood-based connections. The purpose of this study is to examine the experiences of people with dementia who live alone, focusing upon how they establish social networks and relationships in a neighbourhood context, and how they are supported to maintain this social context within everyday life. Multiple data collection methods were used including, semi-structured interviews, walking interviews, guided home tours and social network mapping, which were conducted with 14 community-dwelling people living alone with dementia (11 women and three men) situated across the three international study sites in England, Scotland and Sweden. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The analysis revealed four main themes: (a) making the effort to stay connected; (b) befriending by organisations and facilitated friendships; (c) the quiet neighbourhood atmosphere; and (d) changing social connections. The analysis suggests that people with dementia who live alone were active agents who took control to find and maintain relationships and social networks in the neighbourhood. Our findings indicate the need to raise awareness about this specific group in both policy and practice, and to find creative ways to help people connect through everyday activities and by spontaneous encounters in the neighbourhood.
The Induced Removal Lemma in Sparse Graphs
Authors: Sapir Shachar , Shapira Asaf 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe induced removal lemma of Alon, Fischer, Krivelevich and Szegedy states that if an n-vertex graph G is ε-far from being induced H-free then G contains δH(ε) · nh induced copies of H. Improving upon the original proof, Conlon and Fox proved that 1/δH(ε)is at most a tower of height poly(1/ε), and asked if this bound can be further improved to a tower of height log(1/ε). In this paper we obtain such a bound for graphs G of density O(ε). We actually prove a more general result, which, as a special case, also gives a new proof of Fox’s bound for the (non-induced) removal lemma.
Lipid characterization of in vitro-produced bovine embryos with distinct kinetics of development
Authors: Annes Kelly , Sudano Mateus José , Belaz Katia Roberta A. , Tata Alessandra , Santos Vanessa Gonçalves , Fonseca Junior Aldcejam Martins da , dos Santos Érika Cristina , Eberlin Marcos Nogueira , Milazzotto Marcella Pecora 
Published: October 2019

SummaryHuman embryo studies have proposed the use of additional morphological evaluations related to the moment of the first cell divisions as relevant to embryo viability. Nevertheless, there are still not enough data available related to morphokinetic analysis and its relationship with lipid composition in embryos. Therefore, the aim of this study was to address the lipid profile of bovine embryos with different developmental kinetics: fast (four or more cells) and slow (two or three cells) at 40 h post-insemination (hpi), at three time points of in vitro culture (40, 112 and 186 hpi) and compare these to profiles of in vivo embryos. The lipid profiles of embryos were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, which mainly detected pools of membrane lipids such as phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. In addition to their structural function, these lipid classes have an important role in cell signalling, particularly regarding events such as stress and pregnancy. Different patterns of lipids in the fast and slow groups were revealed in all the analyzed stages. Also, differences between in vitro embryos were more pronounced at 112 hpi, a critical moment due to embryonic genome activation. At the blastocyst stage, in vitro-produced embryos, despite the kinetics, had a closer lipid profile when compared with in vivo blastocysts. In conclusion, the kinetics of development had a greater effect on the membrane lipid profiles throughout the embryo culture, especially at the 8–16-cell stage. The in vitro environment affects lipid composition and may compromise cell signalling and function in blastocysts.
The case for case–control studies in the field of suicide prevention
Authors: Pirkis Jane , Nicholas Angela , Gunnell David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMuch of our knowledge about the risk factors for suicide comes from case–control studies that either use a psychological autopsy approach or are nested within large register-based cohort studies. We would argue that case–control studies are appropriate in the context of a rare outcome like suicide, but there are issues with using this design. Some of these issues are common in psychological autopsy studies and relate to the selection of controls (e.g. selection bias caused by the use of controls who have died by other causes, rather than live controls) and the reliance on interviewing informants (e.g. recall bias caused by the loved ones of cases having thought about the events leading up to the suicide in considerable detail). Register-based studies can overcome some of these problems because they draw upon contain information that is routinely collected for administrative purposes and gathered in the same way for cases and controls. However, they face issues that mean that psychological autopsy studies will still sometimes be the study design of choice for investigating risk factors for suicide. Some countries, particularly low and middle income countries, don't have sophisticated population-based registers. Even where they do exist, there will be variable of interest that are not captured by them (e.g. acute stressful life events that may immediately precede a suicide death), or not captured in a comprehensive way (e.g. suicide attempts and mental illness that do not result in hospital admissions). Future studies of risk factors should be designed to progress knowledge in the field and overcome the problems with the existing studies, particularly those using a case–control design. The priority should be pinning down the risk factors that are amenable to modification or mitigation through interventions that can successfully be rolled out at scale.
Resilience Dynamics of Urban Water Supply Security and Potential of Tipping Points
Authors: Krueger E. H. , Borchardt D. , Jawitz J. W. , Klammler H. , Yang S. , Zischg J. , Rao P. S. C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCities are the drivers of socioeconomic innovation and are also forced to address the accelerating risk of failure in providing essential services such as water supply today and in the future. Here, we investigate the resilience of urban water supply security, which is defined in terms of the services that citizens receive. The resilience of services is determined by the availability and robustness of critical system elements or “capitals” (water resources, infrastructure, finances, management efficacy, and community adaptation). We translate quantitative information about this portfolio of capitals from seven contrasting cities on four continents into parameters of a coupled system dynamics model. Water services are disrupted by recurring stochastic shocks, and we simulate the dynamics of impact and recovery cycles. Resilience emerges under various constraints, expressed in terms of each city's capital portfolio. Systematic assessment of the parameter space produces the urban water resilience landscape, and we determine the position of each city along a continuous gradient from water insecure and nonresilient to secure and resilient systems. In several cities stochastic disturbance regimes challenge steady‐state conditions and drive system collapse. While water insecure and nonresilient cities risk being pushed into a poverty trap, cities which have developed excess capitals risk being trapped in rigidity and crossing a tipping point from high to low services and collapse. Where public services are insufficient, community adaptation improves water security and resilience to varying degrees. Our results highlight the need for resilience thinking in the governance of urban water systems under global change pressures.
Ground Echoes Observed by the Meteor Radar and High‐Speed Auroral Observations in the Substorm Growth Phase
Authors: Kozlovsky A. , Shalimov S. , Oyama S. , Hosokawa K. , Lester M. , Ogawa Y. , Hall C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMulti‐instrument observations by a meteor radar (MR), auroral cameras, ionosondes, and ground magnetometers were made in Northern Europe at auroral latitudes (between 64° and 72° corrected geomagnetic latitude) at 22–24 magnetic local time in the substorm growth phase. The southward drifting growth phase auroral arc was associated with enhanced electron density up to 2⋅1012 m‐3 (corresponding to a plasma frequency, foEs of about 13 MHz) at about 110‐km altitude. Such an enhanced E layer electron density caused bending toward the ground of the MR radio waves transmitted at a frequency, fr, of 36.9 MHz and at low elevation (el. < 25°), such that the radar received ground echoes characterized by a near‐zero Doppler shift. The amplitude of the echoes was modulated at a frequency of a few hertz, and a similar modulation was found in the auroral luminosity at 427.8 nm near the location of the bending of MR radio waves. The modulation was due to irregular (random) fluctuations of auroral precipitation. Although such a few‐hertz variation of the auroral precipitation cannot produce more than 1% modulation of the ionospheric electron density, even such a small modulation can lead to 50% modulation of the MR ground scatter provided foEs ≈ fr sin (el.). The ionosonde and MR data provide evidence that this condition was satisfied in the present case. Due to a high‐frequency (>2 Hz) amplitude modulation of the ground scatter, the MR erroneously accepts such signals as echoes from meteor trails.
Tsunami Data Assimilation of Cabled Ocean Bottom Pressure Records for the 2015 Torishima Volcanic Tsunami Earthquake
Authors: Wang Y. , Satake K. , Sandanbata O. , Maeda T. , Su H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAbnormal volcanic earthquakes occurring near the volcanic island of Torishima, south of Japan, sometimes generate relatively larger tsunamis compared to the seismic magnitudes. They have a non‐double‐couple focal mechanism known as compensated linear vector dipole. The unusual earthquake source mechanism poses difficulties in traditional tsunami forecasting method based on seismic parameters. Tsunami data assimilation, a method of tsunami forecast using offshore tsunami observation data and numerical model, avoids the complexities and uncertainties in the tsunami source estimation and makes a tsunami early warning at coastal points of interest. Along Nankai trough, many offshore bottom pressure gauges are installed, and the data are transmitted in real time through submarine cables. Previous synthetic experiments have demonstrated the capability of the data assimilation approach for tsunami forecasting. In this paper, we report the successful application of the tsunami data assimilation to the cabled ocean bottom pressure gauge data for the first time. We assimilated the tsunami data recorded on ocean bottom pressure gauges to retroactively forecast the tsunamis of the 2015 Torishima earthquake. Comparison of the forecasted and observed waveforms at two coastal tide gauges (Kushimoto and Tosashimizu) confirmed that our method could forecast the tsunami amplitude and arrival time accurately, merely based on offshore tsunami observations. We also investigated the relationship between the number of observational stations used for assimilation and the forecasting accuracy and determined which stations were more important in data assimilation.
Micro‐Seismic Monitoring of a Shear Fault Within a Floating Ice Plate
Authors: Lachaud Cédric , Marsan David , Montagnat Maurine , Weiss Jérôme , Moreau Ludovic , Gimbert Florent 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe deformation of a circular fault in a thin floating ice plate imposed by a slow rotational displacement is investigated. Temporal changes in shear strength, as a proxy for the resistance of the fault as a whole, are monitored by the torque required to impose a constant displacement rate. Micro‐seismic monitoring is used to study the relationship between fault average resistance (torque) and micro‐ruptures. The size distribution of ruptures follows a power‐law scaling characterized by an unusually high exponent (b≃3), characteristic of a deformation driven by small ruptures. In strong contrast to the typical brittle dynamics of crustal faults, an 'apparently aseismic' deformation regime is observed in which small undetected seismic ruptures, below the detection level of the monitoring system, control the slip budget. Most (≃71%) of the detected ruptures are organized in bursts with highly similar waveforms, suggesting that these ruptures are only a passive by‐product of apparently aseismic slip events. The seismic signature of this deformation regime has strong similarities with crustal faulting in settings characterized by high temperature and with non‐volcanic tremors.
Interdecadal Changes in the Dominant Modes of the Interannual Variation of Spring Precipitation over China in the Mid‐1980s
Authors: Jia XiaoJing , You YuJia , Wu RenGuang , Yang Yiya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, the leading empirical orthogonal function mode of the interannual variations of boreal spring (April–May) precipitation over China (SPC) is shown to shift from a mono‐sign distribution during 1964–1985 (P1), with the largest loading over southern China, to a north‐south dipole structure during 1986–2004 (P2), with the northern and southern poles centered over the Yangtze River and the Pearl River Delta, respectively. The results show that the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation(ENSO)‐related negative western tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies persist longer from the previous winter into the following spring in P2 than in P1. The ENSO‐related western tropical Pacific anticyclone in spring is stronger and extends farther northeastward after the mid‐1980s. As a result, in P2, the moisture transport by anomalous southerly winds along the western flank of the western tropical Pacific anticyclone penetrates northward to central China, and moisture convergence and divergence are observed over the Yangtze River and southern China, respectively. The SPC‐related North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies (NAST) are stronger after the mid‐1980s than before the mid‐1980s, and the NAST‐related atmospheric wave train over the middle‐latitude Eurasian continent is more pronounced in P2 than in P1. Furthermore, to the east of 90°E, the downstream propagation pathway of the NAST‐related wave train turns southeastward, which may be caused by the weakened intensity of the meridional gradient of the potential vorticity over this region. The pronounced wave train‐related positive height anomalies over the western North Pacific favor a north‐south dipole structure in the SPC variation in P2.
Dynamically encircling an exceptional point in anti-parity-time symmetric systems: asymmetric mode switching for symmetry-broken modes
Authors: Zhang Xu-Lin , Jiang Tianshu , Chan C. T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDynamically encircling an exceptional point (EP) in parity-time (PT) symmetric waveguide systems exhibits interesting chiral dynamics that can be applied to asymmetric mode switching for symmetric and anti-symmetric modes. The counterpart symmetry-broken modes (i.e., each eigenmode is localized in one waveguide only), which are more useful for applications such as on-chip optical signal processing, exhibit only non-chiral dynamics and therefore cannot be used for asymmetric mode switching. Here, we solve this problem by resorting to anti-parity-time (anti-PT) symmetric systems and utilizing their unique topological structure, which is very different from that of PT-symmetric systems. We find that the dynamical encircling of an EP in anti-PT-symmetric systems with the starting point in the PT-broken phase results in chiral dynamics. As a result, symmetry-broken modes can be used for asymmetric mode switching, which is a phenomenon and application unique to anti-PT-symmetric systems. We perform experiments to demonstrate the new wave-manipulation scheme, which may pave the way towards designing on-chip optical systems with novel functionalities.
Integrative analysis reveals CRHBP inhibits renal cell carcinoma progression by regulating inflammation and apoptosis
Authors: Yang Kang , Xiao Yusha , Xu Tao , Yu Weimin , Ruan Yuan , Luo Pengcheng , Cheng Fan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPatients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) usually develop drug resistance and have poor prognosis owing to its insensitive property. However, the underlying mechanisms of RCC are still unclear. We implemented an integrative analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. Three genes (CRHBP, RAB25 and PSAT1) were found to be potential biomarkers in ccRCC and validated by four independent cohorts. Then, ccRCC patients with a decreased expression of CRHBP in tumor tissues had significantly poor survival by TCGA ccRCC datasets and verified by clinical samples as well as RCC cell lines. Overexpression of CRHBP suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion as well as apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the results of western blot analysis showed the effects of CRHBP via upregulating NF-κB and p53-mediated mitochondria apoptotic pathway. Our results suggested that CRHBP may be an effective target to treat ccRCC patients.
Targeting PML in triple negative breast cancer elicits growth suppression and senescence
Authors: Arreal Leire , Piva Marco , Fernández Sonia , Revandkar Ajinkya , Schaub- Clerigué Ariane , Villanueva Josep , Zabala-Letona Amaia , Pujana Mikel , Astobiza Ianire , Cortazar Ana Rosa , Hermanova Ivana , Bozal-Basterra Laura , Arruabarrena-Aristorena Amaia , Crespo Jana R. , Valcarcel-Jimenez Lorea , Zúñiga-García Patricia , Canals Francesc , Torrano Veronica , Barrio Rosa , Sutherland James D. , Alimonti Andrea , Martin-Martin Natalia , Carracedo Arkaitz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOncogene addiction postulates that the survival and growth of certain tumor cells is dependent upon the activity of one oncogene, despite their multiple genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. This phenomenon provides a foundation for molecular targeted therapy and a rationale for oncogene-based stratification. We have previously reported that the Promyelocytic Leukemia protein (PML) is upregulated in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and it regulates cancer-initiating cell function, thus suggesting that this protein can be therapeutically targeted in combination with PML-based stratification. However, the effects of PML perturbation on the bulk of tumor cells remained poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that TNBC cells are addicted to the expression of this nuclear protein. PML inhibition led to a remarkable growth arrest combined with features of senescence in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the growth arrest and senescence were associated to a decrease in MYC and PIM1 kinase levels, with the subsequent accumulation of CDKN1B (p27), a trigger of senescence. In line with this notion, we found that PML is associated to the promoter regions of MYC and PIM1, consistent with their direct correlation in breast cancer specimens. Altogether, our results provide a feasible explanation for the functional similarities of MYC, PIM1, and PML in TNBC and encourage further study of PML targeting strategies for the treatment of this breast cancer subtype.