bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in food reward during weight management interventions – a systematic review
Authors: Oustric P. , Gibbons C. , Beaulieu K. , Blundell J. , Finlayson G. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundDoes food reward increase or decrease during weight management attempts? Excessive food intake is the main behavioural determinant of obesity; therefore, a better understanding of food reward and its relationship with food intake and weight outcomes could contribute to more effective weight management solutions.MethodsThis systematic review assessed the role of changes in food reward (directly or indirectly measured) during weight management interventions. Four databases were searched for articles published until April 2018 involving weight management interventions (all types and designs) in healthy adults with overweight or obesity.ResultsOf 239 full‐text articles assessed, 17 longitudinal studies were included. Twelve studies reported a significant change in food reward over time. When compared with control interventions, dietary, pharmacological, behavioural and cognitive interventions were effective in decreasing liking and/or wanting for high‐energy food using a range of methodologies to assess food reward. Three studies reported that decreased food reward was associated with improved weight management outcomes.ConclusionFood reward appears to decrease rather than increase during weight management interventions. Future studies specifically targeting the hedonic aspects of food intake (liking/wanting) are needed to gain a better understanding of how to uncouple the obesogenic relationship between food reward and overeating.
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment of Salmonellosis from the Consumption of Australian Pork: Minced Meat from Retail to Burgers Prepared and Consumed at Home
Authors: Gurman Phillip M. , Ross Tom , Kiermeier Andreas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPork burgers could be expected to have an elevated risk of salmonellosis compared to other pork products due to their comminuted nature. A stochastic risk assessment was performed to estimate the risk of salmonellosis from Australian pork burgers and considered risk‐affecting factors in the pork supply chain from retail to consumption at home. Conditions modeled included prevalence and concentration of Salmonella in pork mince, time and temperature effects during retail, consumer transport, and domestic storage and the effect of cooking, with the probability of illness from consumption estimated based on these effects. The model was two‐dimensional, allowing for the separation of variability and uncertainty. Potential changes to production practices and consumer behaviors were examined through alternative scenarios. Under current conditions in Australia, the mean risk of salmonellosis from consumption of 100 g pork burgers was estimated to be per serving or one illness per 65,000,000 servings consumed. Under a scenario in which all pork mince consumed is served as pork burgers, and with conservative (i.e., worst‐case) assumptions, 0.746 cases of salmonellosis per year from pork burgers in Australia were predicted. Despite the adoption of several conservative assumptions to fill data gaps, it is predicted that pork burgers have a low probability of causing salmonellosis in Australia.
The Impact of Portfolio Location Uncertainty on Probabilistic Seismic Risk Analysis
Authors: Scheingraber Christoph , Käser Martin A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractProbabilistic seismic risk analysis is a well‐established method in the insurance industry for modeling portfolio losses from earthquake events. In this context, precise exposure locations are often unknown. However, so far, location uncertainty has not been in the focus of a large amount of research. In this article, we propose a novel framework for treatment of location uncertainty. As a case study, a large number of synthetic portfolios resembling typical real‐world cases were created. We investigate the effect of portfolio characteristics such as value distribution, portfolio size, or proportion of risk items with unknown coordinates on the variability of loss frequency estimations. The results indicate that due to loss aggregation effects and spatial hazard variability, location uncertainty in isolation and in conjunction with ground motion uncertainty can induce significant variability to probabilistic loss results, especially for portfolios with a small number of risks. After quantifying its effect, we conclude that location uncertainty should not be neglected when assessing probabilistic seismic risk, but should be treated stochastically and the resulting variability should be visualized and interpreted carefully.
Our disease: a qualitative meta‐synthesis of the experiences of spousal/partner caregivers of people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Appleton Damien , Robertson Noelle , Mitchell Laura , Lesley Rosie 
Published: August 2018

PurposeTo provide a unique and conceptually comprehensive account of the lived experiences of caregiving spouses/partners of people with multiple sclerosis, which can be used to better enable health professionals to provide appropriate support services.MethodA systematic review of qualitative studies reporting the experiences of caregiving spouses/partners was conducted. Relevant articles were identified and analysed using a meta‐ethnographic synthesis.ResultsTwenty studies met eligibility criteria, of which 18 were included in the final meta‐synthesis. Six major concepts were identified: Acceptance and Appreciation, Commitment, Becoming the Carer, Living with Loss, Shifting Sands and Setbacks with Services. A model of carer experience is presented as a line of argument to synthesise the findings. Suggestions are made regarding the types of supportive interventions that might be effective for spousal carers.ConclusionThe findings increase our understanding about the experiences of partners caring for people with multiple sclerosis. Spousal carers can adapt to the challenges associated with change and loss, and have the potential to develop appreciation, acceptance and hope. Services need to be sensitive to the fluctuating demands placed upon carers and be flexible in their support.
A retrospective analysis of the use of lokivetmab in the management of allergic pruritus in a referral population of 135 dogs in the western USA
Authors: Souza Clarissa P. , Rosychuk Rod A. W. , Contreras Elena T. , Schissler Jennifer R. , Simpson Andrew C. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundLokivetmab neutralizes IL‐31, a cytokine that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) in dogs.ObjectiveTo review experience of one year of treatment with lokivetmab for the control of pruritus in dogs with allergic dermatitis.AnimalsEighty dogs diagnosed with AD, ten with concurrent adverse food reaction and AD and 45 with allergic dermatitis of undetermined cause. Three dogs were lost to follow‐ up.Methods and materialsRetrospective analysis of medical records of dogs with allergic dermatitis treated with lokivetmab from November 2015 to October 2016. Treatment success for owner‐assessed pruritus was empirically defined as ≥2 cm reduction in Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) from baseline. A ≥50% reduction in pVAS also was recorded.ResultsPruritus improvement was achieved in 116 of 132 dogs (87.8%) following initial lokivetmab administration at 1.8 to 3.7 mg/kg (P < 0.001). A pVAS reduction of ≥50% was recorded in 104 dogs (77.0%). Dogs with severe/very severe pruritus prior to treatment and large/giant sized dogs, had 2.7 and 2.8 times higher odds of treatment success, respectively. There were no significant associations between treatment success and age of onset of clinical signs, disease chronicity, lokivetmab dosage or age at initial lokivetmab administration. Dogs that did not previously respond to oclacitinib were less likely to respond to lokivetmab. Adverse effects including lethargy, vomiting, hyperexcitability, pain at injection site and urinary incontinence were reported in 11 of 132 dogs.Conclusions and clinical importanceLokivetmab at labelled dosages was a fast, safe and efficacious therapy for the control of pruritus in dogs with allergic dermatitis.
Spatial receptive field shift by preceding cross‐modal stimulation in the cat superior colliculus
Authors: Xu Jinghong , Bi Tingting , Wu Jing , Meng Fanzhu , Wang Kun , Hu Jiawei , Han Xiao , Zhang Jiping , Zhou Xiaoming , Keniston Les , Yu Liping 
Published: August 2018

Key points
It has been known for some time that sensory information of one type can bias the spatial perception of another modality. However, there is a lack of evidence of this occurring in individual neurons.
In the present study, we found that the spatial receptive field of superior colliculus multisensory neurons could be dynamically shifted by a preceding stimulus in a different modality.
The extent to which the receptive field shifted was dependent on both temporal and spatial gaps between the preceding and following stimuli, as well as the salience of the preceding stimulus.
This result provides a neural mechanism that could underlie the process of cross‐modal spatial calibration.
AbstractPsychophysical studies have shown that the different senses can be spatially entrained by each other. This can be observed in certain phenomena, such as ventriloquism, in which a visual stimulus can attract the perceived location of a spatially discordant sound. However, the neural mechanism underlying this cross‐modal spatial recalibration has remained unclear, as has whether it takes place dynamically. We explored these issues in multisensory neurons of the cat superior colliculus (SC), a midbrain structure that involves both cross‐modal and sensorimotor integration. Sequential cross‐modal stimulation showed that the preceding stimulus can shift the receptive field (RF) of the lagging response. This cross‐modal spatial calibration took place in both auditory and visual RFs, although auditory RFs shifted slightly more. By contrast, if a preceding stimulus was from the same modality, it failed to induce a similarly substantial RF shift. The extent of the RF shift was dependent on both temporal and spatial gaps between the preceding and following stimuli, as well as the salience of the preceding stimulus. A narrow time gap and high stimulus salience were able to induce larger RF shifts. In addition, when both visual and auditory stimuli were presented simultaneously, a substantial RF shift toward the location‐fixed stimulus was also induced. These results, taken together, reveal an online cross‐modal process and reflect the details of the organization of SC inter‐sensory spatial calibration.
An Economic Assessment of the Southern Atlantic Coastal Region’s Stormwater Management Practices
Authors: Burnett James Wesley , Mothorpe Christopher 
Published: August 2018

This study explores one of the least studied but most widely used instruments to control stormwater runoff — retention ponds. It is surprising that so little research within the economics literature has examined the efficacy of stormwater retention ponds. We address this gap in the literature by (1) offering a brief review of the existing literature; (2) discussing the nature of retention ponds as an impure public good; (3) extending a theoretical model to explain how stormwater runoff is currently managed; and (4) offering illustrative examples of governmental stormwater management practices in the coastal region of South Carolina. We posit that the current regulatory environment leads to a less than socially optimal level of management including a general lack of compliance enforcement and a misunderstanding of resource ownership. If sea levels continue to rise due to global climate change, then the mismanagement of stormwater runoff can lead to potentially severe adverse effects within coastal watersheds and estuarine ecosystems. We propose a combination of subsidy schemes and more-stringent enforcement actions to invoke a socially optimal provision of stormwater management services.
Implementing and Evaluating Serendipity in Delivering Personalized Health Information
Authors: Fan Xiangyu , Niu Xi 
Published: August 2018

Serendipity has been recognized to have the potential of enhancing unexpected information discovery. This study shows that decomposing the concept of serendipity into unexpectedness and interest is a useful way for implementing this concept. Experts’ domain knowledge helps in providing serendipitous recommendation, which can be further improved by adaptively incorporating users’ real-time feedback.
This research also conducts an empirical user-study to analyze the influence of serendipity in a health news delivery context. A personalized filtering system named MedSDFilter was developed, on top of which serendipitous recommendation was implemented using three approaches: random, static-knowledge-based, and adaptive-knowledge-based models. The three different models were compared. The results indicate that the adaptive-knowledge-based method has the highest ability in helping people discover unexpected and interesting contents. The insights of the research will make researchers and practitioners rethink the way in which search engines and recommender systems operate to address the challenges of discovering unexpected and interesting information. The outcome will have implications for empowering ordinary people with more chances of bumping into beneficial information.
View-Region Optimized Image-Based Scene Simplification
Authors: Lall Puneet , Borac Silviu , Richardson Dave , Pharr Matt , Ernst Manfred 
Published: August 2018

We present a new algorithm for image-based simplification of complex scenes for virtual reality (VR). The algorithm transforms geometrically-detailed environments into a layered quad tile representation that is optimized for a specified viewing region and is renderable on low-power mobile-class VR devices. A novel constrained optimization formulation ensures that the scene can be rendered within a predetermined compute budget, with limits on both primitive count and fill rate. Furthermore, we introduce a new method for texturing from point samples of the original scene geometry that generates high-quality silhouettes without the drawbacks of traditional point splatting.The resulting representation achieves a visual fidelity that was previously impossible on mobile graphics hardware; our algorithm can typically generate a high-quality representation of visually-rich scenes with billions of triangles using just 72k triangles and a single high-resolution texture map (with generally only about 50% more texels than a stereo panorama). The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated with a set of challenging test cases.
Identification of a novel microRNA profile in pediatric patients with cancer treated with anthracycline chemotherapy
Authors: Oatmen Kelsie E. , Toro-Salazar Olga H. , Hauser Kristine , Zellars Kia N. , Mason Kathryn C. , Hor Kan , Gillan Eileen , Zeiss Caroline J. , Gatti Daniel M. , Spinale Francis G. 
Published: August 2018

Anthracycline chemotherapy (AC) is associated with decline in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), yet the mechanisms remain unclear. Although changes in microRNAs (miRs) have been identified in adult cardiovascular disease, miR profiles in pediatric patients with AC have not been well studied. The goal of this study was to examine miR profiles (unbiased array) in pediatric patients with AC compared with age-matched referent normal patients. We hypothesize that pediatric patients with AC will express a unique miR profile at the initiation and completion of therapy and will be related to LVEF. Serum was collected in pediatric patients (10–22 yr, n = 12) with newly diagnosed malignancy requiring AC within 24–48 h after the initiation of therapy (30–60 mg/m2) and ~1 yr after completing therapy. A custom microarray of 84 miRs associated with cardiovascular disease was used (quantitative RT-PCR) and indexed to referent normal profiles (13–17 yr, n = 17). LVEF was computed by cardiac MRI. LVEF fell from AC initiation at ~1 yr after AC completion (64.28 ± 1.78% vs. 57.53 ± 0.95%, respectively, P = 0.004). Of the 84 miRs profiled, significant shifts in 17 miRs occurred relative to referent normal ( P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, the functional domain of miRs associated with myocardial differentiation and development fell over threefold at the completion of AC ( P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, eight miRs were significantly downregulated after AC completion in those patients with the greatest decline in LVEF (≥10%, P < 0.05). This study demonstrates, for the first time, that changes in miR expression occur in pediatric patients with AC. These findings suggest that miRs are a potential strategy for the early identification of patients with AC susceptible to left ventricular dysfunction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although anthracycline chemotherapy (AC) is effective for a number of pediatric cancers, an all too often consequence of AC is the development of left ventricular failure. The present study identified that specific shifts in the pattern of microRNAs, which regulate myocardial growth, function, and viability, occurred during and after AC in pediatric patients, whereby the magnitude of this shift was associated with the degree of left ventricular failure.
Facilitated Ca2+ homeostasis and attenuated myocardial autophagy contribute to alleviation of diabetic cardiomyopathy after bariatric surgery
Authors: Huang Xin , Liu Shaozhuang , Wu Dong , Cheng Yugang , Han Haifeng , Wang Kexin , Zhang Guangyong , Hu Sanyuan 
Published: August 2018

Bariatric surgery has been reported to relieve diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) effectively. However, the mechanisms remain largely unknown. To determine the effects of bariatric surgery on DCM via modulation of myocardial Ca2+ homeostasis and autophagy, sleeve gastrectomy (SG), duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB), and sham surgeries were performed in diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin. Cardiac remodeling was assessed by a series of morphometric and histological analyses. Transthoracic echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements were performed to determine cardiac function. Ca2+ homeostasis was evaluated by measuring Ca2+ transients with fura-2 AM in isolated ventricular myocytes along with detection of the abundance of Ca2+ regulatory proteins in the myocardium. Myocardial autophagic flux was determined by expression of autophagy-related proteins in the absence and presence of chloroquine. Both SG and DJB surgery alleviated DCM morphologically and functionally. Ca2+ transients exhibited a significantly higher amplitude and faster decay after SG and DJB, which could be partially explained by increased expression of ryanodine receptor 2, sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-2ATPase, 12.6-kDa FK506-binding protein, and hyperphosphorylation of phospholamban. In addition, a lower level of light chain 3B and higher level of p62 were detected after both SG and DJB, which was not reversed by chloroquine treatment and associated with activated mammalian target of rapamycin and attenuated AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Collectively, these results provided evidence that bariatric surgery could alleviate DCM effectively, which may result, at least in part, from facilitated Ca2+ homeostasis and attenuated autophagy, suggesting a potential choice for treatment of DCM when properly implemented. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study is the first to investigate the modulation of myocardial Ca2+ homeostasis and autophagy after bariatric surgery and to examine its effects on diabetic cardiomyopathy. Bariatric surgery could facilitate myocardial Ca2+ homeostasis and attenuate myocardial autophagy, contributing to the alleviation of cardiomyopathy morphologically and functionally in a diabetic rat model.
Self-Perceived Hearing Loss, Hearing-Help Seeking and Hearing Aid Adoption Among Older Adults in Malaysia
Authors: Mukari Siti Zamratol Mai Sarah , Wan Hashim Wan Fazlina 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: The aims of this study were to examine the validity of self-perceived hearing loss in detecting hearing loss and factors associated with self-perceived hearing loss and hearing-help seeking and to report hearing aid adoption among a group of community-dwelling older adults in Malaysia. Methods: A total of 301 older adults (⩾60 years of age) participating in a study on aging had their hearing tested using pure-tone audiometry. Self-perceived hearing loss was assessed using a single question. Sociodemographic profile, otologic history, and general cognitive status were also obtained. Results: A single question had low sensitivity in detecting actual hearing loss: 31.3% for 4-frequency average > 25 dBHL and 48.8% for 4-frequency average > 40 dBHL. Besides hearing level, history of otorrhea and tinnitus were factors that were associated with self-perceived hearing loss among older adults with at least mild hearing loss. Hearing-help-seeking behavior was not associated with any of the tested variables. The hearing aid adoption rate was 2.7% and 7.3% among participants with 4-frequency averages > 25 dBHL and > 40 dBHL, respectively. Conclusion: The underestimation of hearing loss in the majority of older adults in this study poses a potential barrier to hearing loss intervention.
Perceptions and Practices of Diabetes Educators in Providing Oral Health Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Poudel Prakash , Griffiths Rhonda , Wong Vincent W. , Arora Amit , Flack Jeff R. , Khoo Chee L. , George Ajesh 
Published: August 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the current perceptions and practices of diabetes educators (DEs) in providing oral health care to people with diabetes. Methods A qualitative study design involving focus groups was used to gather data. Purposive sampling was used to recruit DEs working across 3 metropolitan hospitals in South Western Sydney, Australia. Results Fourteen DEs participated in 3 focus groups. Participants had a mean ± SD age of 44.4 ± 9.2 years and 5.2 ± 5.3 years of work experience in diabetes care. Four main themes were identified: perceptions about oral health care and diabetes current oral health care practices, perceptions on incorporating oral health, and suggested model of care. DEs agreed that promoting oral health in diabetes clinics is important, and they reported seeing patients frequently with oral health problems. However, the majority do not include oral health care in consultations, primarily because they have limited knowledge in this area and have not received any formal oral health education or training. Additional barriers were the lack of referral pathways and resources for patient education. DEs were receptive to incorporating oral health provided that the current barriers were addressed. DEs also suggested a multidisciplinary team care approach to promote oral health. Conclusions Current practices of DEs in oral health care are limited, but they are willing to address oral health. A suggested model of oral health care should include capacity building of diabetes care providers, appropriate dental referral pathways, and a team approach within multidisciplinary diabetes care.