bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence, Presentation, and Treatment of Pediatric and Adolescent Meniscal Root Injuries
Authors: Wilson Philip L. , Wyatt Charles W. , Romero Jose , Sabatino Meagan J. , Ellis Henry B. 
Published: November 2018

Background: Despite the increasing incidence of sports-related knee injuries in youth athletes, few studies have reported on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric and adolescent meniscal root injuries. Purpose: To describe traumatic posterior meniscal root injuries in a pediatric and adolescent population and compare the presentation of meniscal root injuries versus that of nonroot injuries. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A study was conducted of all knee arthroscopies performed on consecutive patients treated in a pediatric sports practice from March 2012 through February 2015. All patients who were younger than 20 years at the time of their injury and who underwent an arthroscopy with meniscal injury were included. Patients with discoid lateral meniscus, atraumatic meniscal cysts, partial-thickness meniscal root injuries (LaPrade type 1), and recurrent root tears were excluded. A comparative analysis of root and nonroot injuries was performed. Results: A total of 314 patients had surgery for meniscal injury (mean patient age, 16.0 years; range, 10.5-19.6 years). Of these patients, 58 (18.5%) posterior meniscal root injuries were identified. The root injuries were more likely to have joint line tenderness on preliminary physical examination compared with nonroot injuries (96.5% vs 58.6%, respectively; P < .001). Root injuries rarely occurred in isolation compared with nonroot meniscal tears (6.9% vs 17.6%; P = .021) and were frequently treated in combination with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (86.2%). Lateral root injuries occurred more often in conjunction with ACL injuries compared with medial root injuries (84.8% vs 22.2%; P < .001). On review of preoperative imaging, meniscal extrusion occurred more often in root injuries than in nonroot injuries (32.8% vs 3.5%; P < .0001) and was uncommonly seen in the skeletally immature patient. Extrusion was seen more often in medial than lateral root tears (66.7% vs 21.7%; P = .008). A majority of patients (57/58) underwent transosseous suture repair of the meniscal root. Conclusion: When treating a pediatric or adolescent patient for a traumatic meniscal tear, a surgeon may expect to see a posterior meniscal root injury in as many as 1 in 6 patients. When treated for an ACL, contact, or multiligament injury or meniscal extrusion, a pediatric or adolescent patient may demonstrate a meniscal root avulsion or complex meniscal tear. These data provide practitioners with an improved ability to identify and treat meniscal root injuries that otherwise lead to rapid cartilage degeneration.
HTA and MCDA solely or combined? The case of priority-setting in Colombia
Authors: Castro Héctor E. , Moreno-Mattar Ornella , Rivillas Juan C. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
All healthcare systems face problems of justice and efficiency related to setting priorities for allocating limited financial resources. Therefore, explicit decision-making in healthcare depicted as a continuum from evidence generation to deliberation and communication of the decision made, needs to be transparent and fair. Nevertheless, priority-setting in many parts of the world remains being implicit and ad-hoc process. Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) have emerged as policy tools to assist informed decision-making. Both, MCDA and HTA have pros and cons.

Main body
Colombia experienced an important institutional transformation after the establishment of the Health Technology Assessment Institute in 2012. This paper briefly presents the current challenges of the Colombian health system, the general features of the new health sector reform, the main characteristics of HTA in Colombia and the potential benefits and caveats of incorporating MCDA approaches into the decision-making process.

Conclusion
Structured and objective consideration of the factors that are both measurable and value-based in an open and transparent manner may be feasible through combining HTA and MCDA in contexts like Colombia. Further testing and validation of HTA and MCDA solely or combined in LMICs are needed to advance these approaches into healthcare decision-making worldwide.
Should antibiotic prophylaxis before orthopedic implant surgery depend on the duration of pre-surgical hospital stay?
Authors: Davat Marie , Wuarin Lydia , Stafylakis Dimitrios , Abbas Mohamed , Harbarth Stephan , Hannouche Didier , Uçkay Ilker 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background
Prolonged hospital stay before surgery is a risk for colonization with antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and possible antibiotic-resistant surgical site infections (SSI), which lacks acknowledgement in international guidelines for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis.

Method
Retrospective cohort study focusing on prophylaxis-resistant SSI in adult orthopedic implant patients; with emphasis on length of hospital stay prior to the index surgery.

Results
We enrolled 611 cases of SSI (median age, 65 years; 241 females and 161 immune-suppressed) in four large implant groups: arthroplasties (n = 309), plates (n = 127), spondylodeses (n = 31), and nails (n = 46). The causative pathogen was resistant to the perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis regimen in 307 cases (307/611; 50%), but the length of pre-surgical hospitalization did not influence the incidences of prophylaxis-resistant SSIs. These incidences were (107/211;51%) for the admission day, (170/345;49%) within 10 days of delay, (19/35;54%) between 10 and 20 days, and (11/20; 55%) beyond 20 days of hospital stay before surgery. The corresponding incidences of methicillin-resistant staphylococci were 13%, 14%, 17%, and 5%, respectively. In adjusted group comparisons, the length of prior hospital stay was equally unrelated to future prophylaxis-resistant SSI (odds ratio 1.0, 95% confidence interval 0.99–1.01).

Conclusions
In our retrospective cohort of orthopedic implant SSI, the length of pre-surgical hospital stay was unrelated to the incidence of prophylaxis-resistant pathogens.
Mitochondria-targeting theranostics
Authors: Kang Han Chang 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Interest in subcellular organelle-targeting theranostics is substantially increasing due to the significance of subcellular organelle-targeting drug delivery for maximizing therapeutic effects and minimizing side effects, as well as the significance of theranostics for delivering therapeutics at the correct locations and doses for diseases throughout diagnosis. Among organelles, mitochondria have received substantial attention due to their significant controlling functions in cells.

Main body
With the necessity of subcellular organelle-targeting drug delivery and theranostics, examples of mitochondria-targeting moieties and types of mitochondria-targeting theranostics were introduced. In addition, the current studies of mitochondria-targeting theranostic chemicals, chemical conjugates, and nanosystems were summarized.

Conclusion
With the current issues of mitochondria-targeting theranostic chemicals, chemical conjugates, and nanosystems, their potentials and alternatives are discussed.
System-Level Factors Associated With Use of Outpatient Specialty Palliative Care Among Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Yu Justin A. , Ray Kristin N. , Park Seo Young , Barry Amanda , Smith Cardinale B. , Ellis Peter G. , Schenker Yael 
Published: November 2018

PURPOSE: The proportion of patients with advanced cancer who receive outpatient specialty palliative care (OSPC) is as low as 2.0%. Improved understanding of the system-level factors influencing use of OSPC could inform adaptations to the delivery of palliative care to maximize access. We examined associations between OSPC use among patients with advanced solid tumors and oncology-OSPC clinic colocation and patient travel time to an OSPC clinic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with advanced solid tumors receiving oncologic treatment between January 1 and December 31, 2016, within a comprehensive cancer center network with well-established, oncology-specific OSPC clinics. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations of clinic colocation and geographic access with OSPC use. RESULTS: Of 9,485 patients with advanced solid tumors, 478 (5.0%) received OSPC services in 2016. After controlling for age, sex, marital status, cancer type, insurance, treatment intent, and illness severity, patients whose oncologist practices were colocated with OSPC clinics were more likely to use OSPC (odds ratio [OR], 19.2; 95% CI, 14.1 to 26.2). Compared with patients who lived > 90 minutes from an OSPC clinic, patients with travel times of < 30 minutes (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 2.2 to 4.6) and 31 to 60 minutes (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.6 to 3.6) were also more likely to use OSPC. CONCLUSION: Among patients with advanced solid tumors, colocation of oncology and OSPC clinics and shorter patient travel time were associated with greater odds of using OSPC. Future efforts to increase OSPC use in this population should consider clinic colocation and travel burden.
The Energy Cost of Sitting versus Standing Naturally in Man
Authors: BETTS JAMES A. , SMITH HARRY A. , JOHNSON-BONSON DRUSUS A. , ELLIS TOM I. , DAGNALL JOSEPH , HENGIST AARON , CARROLL HARRIET , THOMPSON DYLAN , GONZALEZ JAVIER T. , AFMAN GREGG H. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Prolonged sitting is a major health concern, targeted via government policy and the proliferation of height-adjustable workstations and wearable technologies to encourage standing. Such interventions have the potential to influence energy balance and thus facilitate effective management of body/fat mass. It is therefore remarkable that the energy cost of sitting versus standing naturally remains unknown.

Methods
Metabolic requirements were quantified via indirect calorimetry from expired gases in 46 healthy men and women (age, 27 ± 12 yr; mass, 79.3 ± 14.7 kg; body mass index, 24.7 ± 3.1 kg·m−2, waist/hip, 0.81 ± 0.06) under basal conditions (i.e., resting metabolic rate) and then, in a randomized and counterbalanced sequence, during lying, sitting and standing. Critically, no restrictions were placed on natural/spontaneous bodily movements (i.e., fidgeting) to reveal the fundamental contrast between sitting and standing in situ while maintaining a comfortable posture.

Results
The mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) increment in energy expenditure was 0.18 (95% CI, 0.06–0.31 kJ·min−1) from resting metabolic rate to lying was 0.15 (95% CI, 0.03–0.27 kJ·min−1) from lying to sitting and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.53–0.77 kJ·min−1) from sitting to standing. An ancillary observation was that the energy cost of each posture above basal metabolic requirements exhibited marked interindividual variance, which was inversely correlated with resting heart rate for all postures (r = −0.5; −0.7 to −0.1) and positively correlated with self-reported physical activity levels for lying (r = 0.4; 0.1 to 0.7) and standing (r = 0.6; 0.3–0.8).

Conclusions
Interventions designed to reduce sitting typically encourage 30 to 120 min·d−1 more standing in situ (rather than perambulation), so the 12% difference from sitting to standing reported here does not represent an effective strategy for the treatment of obesity (i.e., weight loss) but could potentially attenuate any continued escalation of the ongoing obesity epidemic at a population level.
Estimating Contextual Motivating Factors in Virtual Interorganizational Communities of Practice: Peer Effects and Organizational Influences
Authors: Zhao Kexin , Zhang Bin , Bai Xue 
Published: November 2018

Virtual interorganizational communities of practice (IOCoPs) enable professionals belonging to different organizations to exchange and share knowledge via computer-mediated interactions. Since knowledge sharing is socially embedded, contextual factors likely play an important role in encouraging individuals’ community participation. Specifically, professionals in IOCoPs are embedded in two different social environments: the virtual community where they interact with online peers and organizations where they utilize their knowledge. Therefore it is important to simultaneously study motivating factors generated from these two different contexts, including peer effects within and organizational influences outside the virtual community. In this research, we apply a novel econometric identification method to analyze a unique data set collected from a virtual IOCoP in the financial trading sector. We find that, after controlling for individual-level characteristics, contextual motivating factors from peers and organizations are influential both quantitatively and qualitatively in determining community participation. Differentiating multiple-level motivating factors across different contexts enables us to shed light on various mechanisms that IOCoPs can apply to engage collective learning and knowledge management across organizations.The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0752 .
Arthroscopic repair of the meniscus
Authors: Vaquero-Picado Alfonso , Rodríguez-Merchán E. Carlos 
Published: November 2018

From the biomechanical and biological points of view, an arthroscopic meniscal repair (AMR) should always be considered as an option. However, AMR has a higher reoperation rate compared with arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, so it should be carefully indicated. Compared with meniscectomy, AMR outcomes are better and the incidence of osteoarthritis is lower when it is well indicated. Factors influencing healing and satisfactory results must be carefully evaluated before indicating an AMR. Tears in the peripheral third are more likely to heal than those in the inner thirds. Vertical peripheral longitudinal tears are the best scenario in terms of success when facing an AMR. ‘Inside-out’ techniques were considered as the gold standard for large repairs on mid-body and posterior parts of the meniscus. However, recent studies do not demonstrate differences regarding failure rate, functional outcomes and complications, when compared with the ‘all-inside’ techniques. Some biological therapies try to enhance meniscal repair success but their efficacy needs further research. These are: mechanical stimulation, supplemental bone marrow stimulation, platelet rich plasma, stem cell therapy, and scaffolds and membranes. Meniscal root tear/avulsion dramatically compromises meniscal stability, accelerating cartilage degeneration. Several options for reattachment have been proposed, but no differences between them have been established. However, repair of these lesions is actually the reference of the treatment. Meniscal ramp lesions consist of disruption of the peripheral attachment of the meniscus. In contrast, with meniscal root tears, the treatment of reference has not yet been well established.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:584-594. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170059
The nature and context of Kaaps: a contemporary, past and future perspective
Authors: Hendricks Frank 
Published: November 2018

In this contribution, which serves as orientation for this special edition, the accent falls chiefly on the contemporary manifestation of Kaaps as colloquial variety of Afrikaans, but also on its historic roots and the challenges regarding its future. Besides a reflection on the name “Kaaps” and other alternative names, this language form is described with reference to its origin, traditional speakers, geographic situation, sociolectic nature, linguistic character and its contextual usages. Kaaps is presented as a variety of the dialect group Southwestern Afrikaans which as a form of colloquial Afrikaans refers back historically to the seventeenth century influence of slaves on the formation of Afrikaans and which is currently chiefly manifested as a sociolect associated with the working class of the Cape Peninsula. The social assessment, lingua-political treatment and survival potential of this variety are also reviewed.
Klassifikation von Optimierungsproblemen
Authors: Gröll Lutz 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zur Optimierung, wobei das Problem als solches und nicht die Algorithmen oder konkrete Anwendungen im Mittelpunkt stehen. Die Probleme werden eingeordnet, ihre Grundideen skizziert, und es werden Software-Tools zu ihrer Lösung genannt. Darüber hinaus diskutiert der Beitrag die Frage der Existenz und Eindeutigkeit von Lösungen für Optimierungsprobleme. Mit Hilfe erweiterter Ableitungskalküle werden notwendige Bedingungen für glatte und nichtglatte Zielfunktionen in endlich- und unendlichdimensionalen Räumen und auf Mannigfaltigkeiten formuliert. Diese mathematisch anspruchsvolleren Darstellungen richten sich an die in der Forschung tätigen Ingenieure.
Effects of salinity and temperature on the performance of Cymodocea nodosa and Ruppia cirrhosa: a medium-term laboratory study
Authors: Tsioli Soultana , Orfanidis Sotiris , Papathanasiou Vasillis , Katsaros Christos , Exadactylos Athanasios 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The effects of salinity and temperature on the photosynthetic and growth performance of the seagrasses Cymodocea nodosa and Ruppia cirrhosa were studied to understand their local seasonality and distribution. Cymodocea nodosa shoots were collected from Cape Vrasidas, and R. cirrhosa shoots from the coastal lagoon Fanari, all from the Eastern Macedonian and Thrace Region, Greece. Effective quantum yield (ΔF/Fm′), leaf chlorophyll-a content (mg g−1 wet mass) and growth (% of maximum) were tested at different temperatures (10–40°C) and salinities (5–60). The results showed that: (a) R. cirrhosa was more euryhaline (5–55/60) than C. nodosa (10–50), (b) the upper thermal tolerance of C. nodosa (34–35°C) was higher than that of R. cirrhosa (32–34°C), (c) C. nodosa could not tolerate 10°C, whereas R. cirrhosa could, and (d) the growth optimum of C. nodosa was 30°C and that of R. cirrhosa 20–30°C. The thermal optima and tolerances of growth and photosynthesis confirm the seasonal patterns of R. cirrhosa but not of C. nodosa. However, the sensitivity of C. nodosa to low salinities and temperatures may explain its absence from shallow coastal lagoons. Ruppia cirrhosa could be vulnerable to future climate change.
Communicating laboratory results to patients and families
Authors: Witteman Holly O. , Zikmund-Fisher Brian J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
People are increasingly able to access their laboratory results via patient portals. The potential benefits provided by such access, such as reductions in patient burden and improvements in patient satisfaction, disease management, and medical decision making, also come with potentially valid concerns about such results causing confusion or anxiety among patients. However, it is possible to clearly convey the meaning of results and, when needed, indicate required action by designing systems to present laboratory results adapted to the people who will use them. Systems should support people in converting the potentially meaningless data of results into meaningful information and actionable knowledge. We offer 10 recommendations toward this goal: (1) whenever possible, provide a clear takeaway message for each result. (2) Signal whether differences are meaningful or not. (3) When feasible, provide thresholds for concern and action. (4) Individualize the frame of reference by allowing custom reference ranges. (5) Ensure the system is accessible. (6) Provide conversion tools along with results. (7) Design in collaboration with users. (8) Design for both new and experienced users. (9) Make it easy for people use the data as they wish. (10) Collaborate with experts from relevant fields. Using these 10 methods and strategies renders access to laboratory results into meaningful and actionable communication. In this way, laboratories and medical systems can support patients and families in understanding and using their laboratory results to manage their health.
Less is more: why all paradigms are defective, and why that is a good thing
Authors: Janda A. Laura , Tyers M. Francis 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOnly a fraction of lexemes are encountered in all their paradigm forms in any corpus or even in the lifetime of any speaker. This raises a question as to how it is that native speakers confidently produce and comprehend word forms that they have never witnessed. We present the results of an experiment using a recurrent neural network computational learning model. In particular, we compare the model’s production of unencountered forms using two types of training data: full paradigms vs. single word forms for Russian nouns, verbs, and adjectives. In the long run, the model displays better performance when exposed to the more naturalistic training on single word forms, even though the other training data is much larger as it includes full paradigms for each and every word. We discuss why “defective” paradigms may be better for human learners as well.
The Assessment of Reasoning Tool (ART): structuring the conversation between teachers and learners
Authors: Thammasitboon Satid , Rencic Joseph J. , Trowbridge Robert L. , Olson Andrew P.J. , Sur Moushumi , Dhaliwal Gurpreet 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Excellence in clinical reasoning is one of the most important outcomes of medical education programs, but assessing learners’ reasoning to inform corrective feedback is challenging and unstandardized.

Methods
The Society to Improve Diagnosis in Medicine formed a multi-specialty team of medical educators to develop the Assessment of Reasoning Tool (ART). This paper describes the tool development process. The tool was designed to facilitate clinical teachers’ assessment of learners’ oral presentation for competence in clinical reasoning and facilitate formative feedback. Reasoning frameworks (e.g. script theory), contemporary practice goals (e.g. high-value care [HVC]) and proposed error reduction strategies (e.g. metacognition) were used to guide the development of the tool.

Results
The ART is a behaviorally anchored, three-point scale assessing five domains of reasoning: (1) hypothesis-directed data gathering, (2) articulation of a problem representation, (3) formulation of a prioritized differential diagnosis, (4) diagnostic testing aligned with HVC principles and (5) metacognition. Instructional videos were created for faculty development for each domain, guided by principles of multimedia learning.

Conclusions
The ART is a theory-informed assessment tool that allows teachers to assess clinical reasoning and structure feedback conversations.
Diaminomaleonitrile as a versatile building block for the synthesis of 4,4′-biimidazolidinylidenes and 4,4′-bithiazolidinylidenes
Authors: Doomanlou Mahsa , Kabirifard Hassan , Asadi Mehdi , Moloudi Maryam , Mirfazli Seyedeh Sara 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Ring closure reactions of diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN) with electrophilic aryl isocyanates and aryl isothiocyanates lead to the formation of the target 5,5′-diimino-1,1′-diaryl-4,4′-biimidazolidinylidene-2,2′-diones 2a,b and 2,2′-diarylimino-4,4′-bithiazolidinylidenes 4a–e, respectively. The protocol provides a new strategy for the synthesis of a wide range of alkenes with two electron-donating and two withdrawing substituents of DAMN in moderate to good yields.