bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐range molecular dynamics show that inactive forms of Protein Kinase A are more dynamic than active forms
Authors: Kalaivani R. , Narwani T. J. , de Brevern A. G. , Srinivasan N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMany protein kinases are characterized by at least two structural forms corresponding to the highest level of activity (active) and low or no activity, (inactive). Further, protein dynamics is an important consideration in understanding the molecular and mechanistic basis of enzyme function. In this work, we use protein kinase A (PKA) as the model system and perform microsecond range molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on six variants which differ from one another in terms of active and inactive form, with or without bound ligands, C‐terminal tail and phosphorylation at the activation loop. We find that the root mean square fluctuations in the MD simulations are generally higher for the inactive forms than the active forms. This difference is statistically significant. The higher dynamics of inactive states has significant contributions from ATP binding loop, catalytic loop, and αG helix. Simulations with and without C‐terminal tail show this differential dynamics as well, with lower dynamics both in the active and inactive forms if C‐terminal tail is present. Similarly, the dynamics associated with the inactive form is higher irrespective of the phosphorylation status of Thr 197. A relatively stable stature of active kinases may be better suited for binding of substrates and detachment of the product. Also, phosphoryl group transfer from ATP to the phosphosite on the substrate requires precise transient coordination of chemical entities from three different molecules, which may be facilitated by the higher stability of the active state.
The “projectness” of MOC
Authors: Hoff Rainer 
Published: November 2018

The safety community, bolstered by the PSM regulations, has emphasized the importance of proper management of change, “MOC,” to ensure safe, reliable and economic operation of chemical plants, refineries and increasingly, on‐ and off‐shore pipelines, and installations.The majority of MOCs involve physical changes to facilities—a much smaller fraction of MOCs addresses procedure‐only changes, document‐only changes or organizational changes. Physical changes to facilities are implemented in different contexts such as maintenance work orders, project work orders, small capital projects, and large capital projects. Each of these contexts has its own notion of a “work process,” and the larger ones are very project‐centric.Changes to facilities always involve BOTH an MOC and a “work process.” Some sites emphasize the work process aspects, driven by the existence of Enterprise Resources Planning systems, and handle the MOC essential elements poorly. Other sites burden the MOC process with many capital‐projects aspects and create a very complex change management environment. Surely there must be a happy medium?This article analyzes data from case studies from actual implementation projects, identifies gaps and makes recommendations on the best practice for conjoining MOC and other work processes. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Process Saf Prog 38:e12021, 2019
Delta shock waves for a system of Keyfitz‐Kranzer type
Authors: De la cruz Richard , Santos Marcelo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper is concerned with a hyperbolic system of conservation laws of Keyfitz‐Kranzer type. We show the existence of a delta shock wave solution using the vanishing viscosity method. The obtained solution satisfies the generalized Rankine‐Hugoniot relation and the entropy condition. As a consequence, we have also a uniqueness result for the obtained solution.
Flutter and vibration of elastically restrained nanowires under a nonconservative force
Authors: Xiao Q.‐X. , Li X.‐F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates vibration and flutter behavior of a cantilevered nanowire under the action of a subtangential follower force. Taking the surface effects into account, we apply Hamilton principle to derive a governing equation for an elastically restrained nanobeam. A characteristic equation is obtained. Force‐frequency interaction curves are displayed to show the influence of the surface elasticity, surface stress, restraint stiffness on divergence and flutter force. Natural frequencies and divergence loads are calculated for conservative forces at the free end. For a generalized follower force with various tangency coefficients, dynamic instability of nanocantilevers is presented and flutter loads are calculated for subtangential, supertangential and tangential follower forces. Flutter loads are sensitive to translational and rotational spring stiffness and surface elasticity. Some special cases with some vanishing parameters reduce to the well‐known results.
Conceptual Blending as an Interpretive Lens for Student Engagement with Technology: Exploring Celestial Motion on an Interactive Whiteboard
Authors: Gregorcic Bor , Haglund Jesper 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe present and analyze video data of upper secondary school students’ engagement with a computer-supported collaborative learning environment that enables them to explore astronomical phenomena (Keplerian motion). The students’ activities have an immersive and exploratory character, as students engage in open-ended inquiry and interact physically with the virtual environment displayed on an interactive whiteboard. The interplay of students’ playful exploration through physical engagement with the simulation environment, their attention to physics concepts and laws, and knowledge about the real planets orbiting the Sun presents an analytical challenge for the researcher and instructor encountering such complex learning environments. We argue that the framework of conceptual blending is particularly apt for dealing with the learning environment at hand, because it allows us to take into account the many diverse mental inputs that seem to shape the student activities described in the paper. We show how conceptual blending can be brought together with theoretical ideas concerned with embodied cognition and epistemology of physics, in order to provide researchers and instructors with a powerful lens for looking critically at immersive technology-supported learning environments.
Intellectual humility and the epistemology of disagreement
Authors: Pritchard Duncan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIt is widely accepted that one strong motivation for adopting a conciliatory stance with regard to the epistemology of peer disagreement is that the non-conciliatory alternatives are incompatible with the demands of intellectual character, and incompatible with the virtue of intellectual humility in particular. It is argued that this is a mistake, at least once we properly understand what intellectual humility involves. Given some of the inherent problems facing conciliatory proposals, it is maintained that non-conciliatory approaches to epistemic peer disagreement are thus on much stronger dialectical ground than many suppose, including some defenders of this line. In particular, non-conciliatory proposals can resist the idea that epistemic peer disagreement directly weakens one’s epistemic justification, as conciliatory views maintain. This means that the epistemic justification that our beliefs in this regard enjoy, and thus our knowledge, is more secure than conciliatory approaches to epistemic peer disagreement would suggest.
A CONDITIONAL EQUITY RISK MODEL FOR REGULATORY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Floryszczak A. , Lévy Véhel J. , Majri M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe define and study in this work a simple model designed for managing long-term market risk of financial institutions with long-term commitments. It allows the assessment of solvency capital requirements and the allocation of risk budgets. This model allows one to avoid over-assessment of solvency capital requirements specifically after market disruptions. It relies on a dampener component in charge of refining risk assessment after market failures. Rather than aiming at a realistic and thus complex description of equity prices movements, this model concentrates on minimal features enabling accurate computation of capital requirements. It is defined both in a discrete and continuous fashion. In the latter case, we prove the existence, uniqueness and stability of the solution of the stochastic functional differential equation that specifies the model. One difficulty is that the proposed underlying stochastic process has neither stationary nor independent increments. We are however able to perform statistical analyses in view of its validation. Numerical experiments show that our model outperforms more elaborate ones of common use as far as medium-term (between 6 months and 5 years) risk assessment is concerned.
Three-dimensional direct numerical simulation of infrasound propagation in the Earth’s atmosphere
Authors: Sabatini R. , Marsden O. , Bailly C. , Gainville O. 
Published: November 2018

A direct numerical simulation of the three-dimensional unsteady compressible Navier–Stokes equations is performed to investigate the infrasonic field generated in a realistic atmosphere by an explosive source placed at ground level. To this end, a high-order finite-difference method originally developed for aeroacoustic applications is employed. The maximum overpressure and the main frequency of the signal recorded at 4 km distance from the source location are about 4000 Pa and 0.2 Hz, respectively. The atmosphere is parametrized as a vertically stratified medium, constructed by specifying vertical profiles of the temperature and the horizontal wind which reproduce measurements. The computation is carried out up to 140 km altitude and 450 km range. The goal of the present paper is twofold. On the one hand, the feasibility of using a direct numerical simulation of the three-dimensional fluid dynamic equations for the detailed description of long-range propagation in the atmosphere is proven. On the other hand, a physical analysis of the infrasonic field is realized. In particular, great attention is directed towards some important phenomena which are not taken into account or not well predicted by classical propagation models. To begin with, the present study clearly demonstrates that the weakly nonlinear ray theory may lead to an incorrect evaluation of the waveform distortion of high-amplitude waves propagating towards the lower thermosphere. In addition, signals recorded in the shadow zones are investigated. In this regard, the influence on the acoustic field of temperature and wind inhomogeneities of length scale comparable with the acoustic wavelength is analysed. The role of diffraction at the thermospheric caustic is finally examined and it is pointed out that the amplitude of the source may have a strong impact on the length of the shadow zone.
Modeling migrant smuggling: Testing descriptive types against recent findings
Authors: Bilger Veronika 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article develops a typology of migrant smuggling. Six generic types of migrant smuggling that were originally produced in the early 2000s are reviewed against more recent empirical findings. These six types were developed in the context of the profound transformation faced by Europe over the course of the 1990s in terms of its geopolitical landscape, when the fall of the Iron Curtain and the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia resulted in an unprecedented magnitude of asylum migration, irregular migration flows, and migrant smuggling. Today, in the aftermath of the Arab spring protests and the outbreak of civil war in Syria, the phenomenon of migrant smuggling toward Europe has regained notoriety and relevance. The article concludes that the fundamental mechanisms and types of migrant smuggling that were identified more than a decade ago have persisted over time, but that certain changes in the modus operandi of migrant smugglers can be observed, changes that are linked to geopolitical, market, infrastructural, and other factors.
When elites polarize over polarization: Framing the polarization debate in Turkey – RETRACTED
Authors: Aydın-Düzgit Senem , Balta Evren 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article aims to explore the views of the Turkish elite on the state of polarization in Turkey. By identifying four political frames—namely, harmony, continuity/decline, conspiracy, and conflict—that selected Turkish political and civil society elites use in discussing the phenomenon of polarization in the country through their contributions to a workshop and in-depth qualitative interviews, the article finds that there is a considerable degree of polarization among the Turkish elite regarding their views on the presence of polarization in Turkey. Moreover, this overlaps with the divide between the government and the opposition in the country. An analysis of the justificatory arguments employed in constituting the aforementioned frames shows that, while those elites who deny the existence of polarization seek its absence in essentialist characteristics of society, in reductionist comparisons with history, or in internal/external enemies, those who acknowledge polarization’s presence look for its roots in political and institutional factors and processes. The article highlights how, given the denial of polarization by the pro-government elite and the substantial gap between the two camps’ justificatory narratives, the currently reported high rates of polarization in Turkey can, at best, be expected to remain as is in the near future, barring a radical change in political constellations.
Crossing the mountain and negotiating the border: Human smuggling in eastern Turkey
Authors: Biner Özge 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHuman smuggling is a complex process. Made up of actions both organized and chaotic, it compels migrants to deal with different structures and agents of power, among them smugglers, the state(s), and migrants’ own social networks. The current literature on human smuggling provides a detailed analysis of the different phases of this process, within which discussion of the structure and operation of this “business” can be situated. However, only minimal attention has been paid to migrants’ agency in the smuggling process. Engaging with recent perspectives in migration studies, which emphasize the need to conceptualize human smuggling by focusing on the interdependencies between the different actors involved, the analysis developed in this article aims to explore the different phases of the human smuggling process by focusing on the multilayered relations between smugglers and undocumented people. Drawing upon qualitative ethnographic fieldwork conducted with migrants on the Turkish-Iranian border, the article examines how the physical and sociopolitical conditions of border crossing affect people’s ways of thinking, behavior, and engagement with different structures of power. In doing so, the article attempts to further our understanding of how smuggled migrants mobilize their agency in such a way as to manipulate and challenge the system, as well as of how this process transforms migrants’ capacity to simultaneously recognize and unsettle state bordering practices.
Photometric and spectroscopic variability of the Be star 48 Lib: The relation between photometric variations and rotation
Authors: Ozuyar D. , Caliskan S. , Stevens I. R. , Elmasli A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to determine the origin of the photometric variations of 48 Lib using the data from theSTEREOand to investigate their relations with the disk structure. The photometric data comprise a period of five years from 2007 to 2011. The spectroscopic data covering the same time interval are provided from theBeSSdatabase. The Hαlines are examined by measuring their equivalent widths and line intensities. Hαvariations are then compared with those displayed by the photometric data. From the photometry, high-precision results (10−5c d−1in frequency and 10−4mag in amplitude) are obtained. It is detected that the star has shown 24 frequencies, mainly clustered around the peaks at 2.48896(1) and 5.08150(2) c d−1. The analysis reveals that the photometric frequencies are not due to pulsation, but caused by the rotation, and that the remaining frequencies arise from transient activities on or just above the photosphere. Also, it is shown that the spectroscopic data exhibit a significant Hαvariability, and that the Hαline variation depends on the variation of frequency and amplitude, something which has been often proposed in the literature but has never before been demonstrated observationally. This proves that the disk structure and photometric variations are related.
Mediators of increased self-harm and suicidal ideation in sexual minority youth: a longitudinal study
Authors: Oginni O. A. , Robinson E. J. , Jones A. , Rahman Q. , Rimes K. A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundSexual minority youth have elevated suicidal ideation and self-harm compared with heterosexual young people; however, evidence for mediating mechanisms is predominantly cross-sectional. Using a longitudinal design, we investigated self-esteem and depressive symptoms as mediators of increased rates of suicidal ideation or self-harm (SISH) among sexual minority youth, and the roles of childhood gender nonconformity (CGN) and sex as moderators of these relationships.MethodIn total, 4274 youth from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort reported sexual orientation at age 15 years, and past-year SISH at age 20 years. Self-esteem and depressive symptoms were assessed at ages 17 and 18 years, respectively. CGN was measured at 30–57 months. Covariates included sociodemographic variables and earlier measures of mediator and outcome variables. Mediation pathways were assessed using structural equation modelling.ResultsSexual minority youth (almost 12% of the sample) were three times more likely than heterosexual youth to report past-year SISH (95% confidence interval 2.43–3.64) at 20 years. Two mediation pathways were identified: a single mediator pathway involving self-esteem and a multiple-mediated pathway involving self-esteem and depressive symptoms. Although CGN was associated with past-year SISH, it did not moderate any mediation pathways and there was no evidence for moderation by sex.ConclusionsLower self-esteem and increased depressive symptoms partly explain the increased risk for later suicidal ideation and self-harm in sexual minority youth. Preventive strategies could include self-esteem-enhancing or protecting interventions, especially in female sexual minority youth, and treatment of depression.
India’s nuclear force doctrine: Through the lens of jus ad bellum
Authors: Jain Isha , Seth Bhavesh 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNearly three decades after the Cold War, the present-day hostilities between India and Pakistan have shifted the focus of the threat of nuclear escalation to South Asia. It is in this context that this article seeks to assess the legality of India’s military nuclear doctrine under international law.Academic literature on the use of nuclear weapons has largely shied away from discussing the legality of specific military doctrines or ‘policies of deterrence’ of the nuclear weapon states, treating them as issues of military strategy that are beyond the realm of international law. This article hopes to challenge that dichotomy.Though several branches of international law are relevant to any discussion on nuclear weapons, this article shall only examine India’s nuclear doctrine through the lens of jus ad bellum. Specifically, this article shall focus on whether India’s nuclear doctrine constitutes a threat to use force, and if so, whether such threat is lawful. The article concludes that India’s nuclear doctrine can be construed to be a specific threat to use force against Pakistan, and that such threat may be unlawful for contemplating the disproportionate use of force.
The international law commission’s recent work on exceptions to immunity: Charting the course for a brave new world in international law?
Authors: Tladi Dire 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the summer of 2017, the International Law Commission adopted a draft article on exceptions to immunity. The Draft Article adopted provides that immunityratione materiaedoes not apply with respect to certain international crimes, namely crimes against humanity, the crime of genocide, war crimes, the crime of apartheid, torture, and enforced disappearances. These exceptions do not apply to immunityratione personae. The Draft Article was adopted after a vote and was severely criticized by some members of the Commission. It has also received mixed reaction from states, with some supporting its content while others have opposed it. In the aftermath of the adoption of the Draft Article, there has also been academic commentary, some of which has been critical. The (main) criticism levelled against the Draft Article is that it does not represent existing law and has no basis in the practice of states. This article seeks to evaluate the criticism by considering whether there is any state practice in support of the Draft Article proposed by the Commission.
Making a bicycle city: infrastructure and cycling in Copenhagen since 1880
Authors: EMANUEL MARTIN 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTCopenhagen is today praised as a truly bicycle-friendly city. The Danish capital earned its reputation as a ‘bicycle city’ early on. The network of bicycle infrastructure developed in the first half of the twentieth century was a result not least of a thriving cycling culture and the efforts made by cyclists’ organizations. In the following car-centric decades this network made cycling a more resilient practice than elsewhere, before cyclists and their lobby organizations managed, again, to pressure policy makers to renew supportive measures for cyclists. The article thus highlights two concepts: road users as potential co-producers of the mobility system as well as the obduracy of infrastructure and its capacity to preserve habits and cultures of the past.
Economic development and residential water consumption in Chile
Authors: Fercovic Juan , Foster William , Melo Oscar 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA better understanding of the relative importance of factors related to climate change and to changes associated with economic growth would serve to inform water policy and to focus scarce public resources on anticipated problems arising from distinct sources of changes in water demand. This article investigates the determinants of residential water consumption in Chile, a developing country that has seen noteworthy changes in incomes, household size, poverty rates and levels of urbanization, and which is projected to experience significant climatic but varied changes, depending on the region of the country. Panel data for 1998-2010 at the municipal level is used to analyze the sensitivity of residential water demand to climate and development-related factors. In the case of Chile, the effect on water consumption of these development-related changes is estimated to be several times that of the changes associated with climate projections for 50 to 80 years in the future.