bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of diabetes mellitus following hospitalisation for COVID‐19 in the United Kingdom: A prospective observational study
Authors: Tyrer Freya , Gharibzadeh Safoora , Gillies Clare , Lawson Claire , Routen Ash , Islam Nazrul , Razieh Cameron , Zaccardi Francesco , Yates Tom , Davies Melanie J. , Brightling Christopher E. , Chalmers James D. , Docherty Annemarie B. , Elneima Omer , Evans Rachael A. , Greening Neil J. , Harris Victoria C. , Harrison Ewen M. , Ho Ling‐Pei , Horsley Alex , Houchen‐Wolloff Linzy , Leavy Olivia C. , Lone Nazir I. , Marks Michael , McAuley Hamish J. C. , Poinasamy Krisnah , Quint Jennifer K. , Raman Betty , Richardson Matthew , Saunders Ruth , Sereno Marco , Shikotra Aarti , Singapuri Amish , Wain Louise V. , Khunti Kamlesh ,   the PHOSP‐COVID Study Collaborative Group
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeople hospitalised for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have elevated incidence of diabetes. However, it is unclear whether this is due to shared risk factors, confounding or stress hyperglycaemia in response to acute illness.MethodsWe analysed a multicentre prospective cohort study (PHOSP‐COVID) of people ≥18 years discharged from NHS hospitals across the United Kingdom following COVID‐19. Individuals were included if they attended at least one research visit with a HbA1c measurement within 14 months of discharge and had no history of diabetes at baseline. The primary outcome was new onset diabetes (any type), as defined by a first glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement ≥6.5% (≥48 mmol/mol). Follow‐up was censored at the last HbA1c measurement. Age‐standardised incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, length of hospital stay, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, deprivation, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia/hypercholesterolaemia, intensive therapy unit admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, corticosteroid use and C‐reactive protein score) were calculated using Poisson regression. Incidence rates were compared with the control groups of published clinical trials in the United Kingdom by applying the same inclusion and exclusion criteria, where possible.ResultsIncidence of diabetes was 91.4 per 1000 person‐years and was higher in South Asian (incidence rate ratios [IRR] = 3.60; 1.77, 7.32; p < 0.001) and Black ethnic groups (IRR = 2.36; 1.07, 5.21; p = 0.03) compared with White ethnic groups. When restricted to similar characteristics, the incidence rates were similar to those in UK clinical trials data.ConclusionDiabetes incidence following hospitalisation for COVID‐19 is high, but it remains uncertain whether it is disproportionately higher than pre‐pandemic levels.
The impact of financial literacy on access to formal financial products in Namibia
Authors: Mukong Alfred Kechia , Jentzsch Tiofilia , Aquilas Nkwetta Ajong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMotivationThe level of financial inclusion has increased markedly in Namibia in recent years. Currently, 78% of the population is considered to be financially included. More importantly, this increase has largely derived from vulnerable groups, including low‐income earners living in rural areas. Although there has been an increase in the rate of financial literacy, there is no formal empirical analysis showing the extent to which improved access to formal financial services is associated with financial literacy.PurposeThis article deepens the empirical analysis of financial literacy by simultaneously considering their effects on savings, bank account ownership, and access to credit and insurance in Namibia. We further disaggregated the analysis to consider heterogeneity between men and women, as well as between rural and urban populations.Approach and methodsWe used data from the Namibia Financial Inclusion Survey of 2017 and the instrumental variable probit model to minimize the bias from possible endogeneity caused by potential measurement error, unobserved variable bias, or reverse causality.FindingsThe study showed that financial literacy significantly increases the likelihood of people using formal financial products. Failure to adequately control for the associated bias would lead to substantial overestimation of the impact of financial literacy. Estimates from the disaggregated analysis showed that the impact of financial literacy differs significantly between rural and urban populations, as well as between men and women. The effects are higher for males than for females and for rural than urban sub‐samples.Policy implicationsThe positive effect of financial literacy on formal financial products suggests that policy options that promote financial literacy are crucial for improving access to formal financial products, particularly for men and the rural population. These policies could include the introduction of financial literacy programmes in schools in order to enhance personal financial knowledge and participation in the formal financial sector. Emphasis should be placed on the raising of awareness, especially among disadvantaged communities, as to the benefits of owning and operating different financial products and on the inclusion of financial literacy programmes on public television.
Analysis of the Prevalence of Traumatic Dental Injuries in the Primary Dentition: Findings From a Cohort Study Involving 4‐Year‐Old Children From South Brazil
Authors: Rivera López Muriel Denisse , Cademartori Mariana Gonzalez , Goettems Marília Leão , Demarco Flávio Fernando , Hallal Pedro Curi , da Costa Vanessa Polina Pereira 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo identify factors associated with the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in children at 4 years of age.MethodsParticipants from the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort were included. Demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and environmental data were collected through interviews and physical examinations during cohort follow‐up. Dental examination at 4 years of age revealed the presence of TDI. A theoretical model was constructed using a directed acyclic graph (DAG). A descriptive analysis was performed, followed by Poisson regression models relating TDI to each outcome.ResultsData from 3650 4‐year‐old children were analyzed; the prevalence of dental trauma was 20.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18.9%–21.5%). The prevalence of TDI was lower among girls compared with boys, suggesting a protective effect of female sex (relative risk [RR] 0.80 [95% CI: 0.79–0.91]). Increased height for age (RR 1.55 [95% CI: 1.14–2.09]), increased overjet (RR 1.45 [95% CI: 1.2–1.74]), and anterior open bite (RR 1.26 [95% CI: 1.01–1.56]) demonstrated an association with TDI after testing regression models based on DAGs.ConclusionMale sex, increased height, and increased overjet and open bite were factors predisposing to TDI at 4 years of age. Understanding these factors can contribute to the implementation of targeted prevention strategies for reducing TDI and their potential long‐term consequences.
Mapping the Landscape of Generative Language Models in Dental Education: A Comparison Between ChatGPT and Google Bard
Authors: Aldukhail Shaikha 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGenerative language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in various fields, including medicine and education. This study evaluated and compared ChatGPT 3.5 and Google Bard within dental education and research.MethodsWe developed seven dental education‐related queries to assess each model across various domains: their role in dental education, creation of specific exercises, simulations of dental problems with treatment options, development of assessment tools, proficiency in dental literature and their ability to identify, summarise and critique a specific article. Two blind reviewers scored the responses using defined metrics. The means and standard deviations of the scores were reported, and differences between the scores were analysed using Wilcoxon tests.ResultsChatGPT 3.5 outperformed Bard in several tasks, including the ability to create highly comprehensive, accurate, clear, relevant and specific exercises on dental concepts, generate simulations of dental problems with treatment options and develop assessment tools. On the other hand, Bard was successful in retrieving real research, and it was able to critique the article it selected. Statistically significant differences were noted between the average scores of the two models (p ≤ 0.05) for domains 1 and 3.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential of LLMs as dental education tools, enhancing learning through virtual simulations and critical performance analysis. However, the variability in LLMs' performance underscores the need for targeted training, particularly in evidence‐based content generation. It is crucial for educators, students and practitioners to exercise caution when considering the delegation of critical educational or healthcare decisions to computer systems.
Romanticism in the Kenotic God: Receptivity, Engaging, Affective Unity, and the Psychological Ontology of the Christic Person
Authors: Pârvan Alexandra 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe ‘romantic vs. classic’ dispute in the literary field is proposed as a useful frame of reference from which to analyse, mend, and expand Bruce McCormack's latest theological model. The first part of the essay identifies several clashes of McCormack's theory with classical theism, explaining how their ontologies are mutually incompatible. The second part uses insights from romantic poetry and thinking in order to develop McCormack's concept of ‘ontological receptivity’ (in the Son) and introduce the new concept of ‘engaging’ (in Jesus) as its conceptual pair and to propose ‘affective unity’ as the basis for Christic unity. Throughout, an argument for the value of employing a psychological ontology in discourses about the God‐human is shaped.
The effects of continuous care utilizing rational emotive therapy on prostate cancer patients
Authors: Chen Hualan , Fang Fang , Chen Yaping , Cai Yibo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study is to investigate the impact of rational emotive behaviour therapy in conjunction with continuity nursing on the negative emotions and quality of life of patients with radical prostatectomy (RPT). A total of 82 patients who underwent RPT for prostate cancer and were admitted to our department between November 2020 and October 2021 were randomly divided into two groups: the control group received conventional nursing interventions, while the observation group received rational emotion therapy combined with continuity of care interventions. The patients' negative emotions and quality of life in the two groups were compared. The Self‐rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self‐assessment Scale of Depression (SDS) scores of the observation group after nursing care were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the scores of the observation group in the dimensions of vitality (VT), physiological functioning (PF), general health (GH), affective functioning (RE), mental health (MH), and social functioning (SF) were higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Finally, the differences in both scores were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The combination of rational emotion therapy and continuity nursing has been demonstrated to have a positive effect on prostate cancer patients. It has been shown to effectively relieve patients' negative emotions, such as depression and anxiety, and to improve the quality of survival. This approach is worthy of further promotion and application in clinical practice.
Lipid signature changes of women with gestational diabetes mellitus in response to puerperal exclusive breastfeeding
Authors: He Jin , Yin Xiaoxiao , Yu Tingting , Li Lu , Cui Yan , Jiang Chen , Qiao Chengping , Miao Zhijing , Cui Xianwei , Ji Chenbo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe here investigated whether lactation during puerperium could help to reverse the diabetogenic effect of gestation and further explored the lipid profiling changes upon breastfeeding.MethodsThirty‐five women diagnosed with GDM were recruited, and fasting plasma samples were collected at ~6 weeks postpartum. Maternal metabolic parameters were determined, and an untargeted lipidomic analysis was performed. The relationship between underlying lipidomic responses and lactation was explored.ResultsImproved glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity were observed in GDM women who adopted breastfeeding during the puerperium. Further lipidomics analysis revealed prominent correlations between lipid constitution changes and breastfeeding in women with GDM. A total of 766 lipid species were identified, 33 of which were found to be significantly altered in response to lactation. Significant associations between dysregulated lipids and maternal metabolic parameters were also shown. Subsequently, we identified a panel of three lipids that were strongly associated with breastfeeding, from which we constructed a predictive model with higher discriminating power.ConclusionsWe generally revealed that lactation during puerperium appears to have favorable effects on diabetogenic risk factors for GDM women. We also discovered that lipidomic changes related to lactation could elucidate the mother's recovery from GDM pregnancy.
Individual‐Based Networks Reveal the Importance of Bee Fly (Bombyliidae) Pollination in a Diverse Co‐Flowering Community
Authors: Carneiro Liedson Tavares , Williams Jessica Nicole , Barker Daniel Andrew , Arceo‐Gomez Gerardo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFlowering plants can be visited by a wide diversity of pollinating insects; however, the structure of plant–insect interactions for non‐bee pollinators is not well‐known, even though non‐bee insects can play a central role in the pollination of many plant species. Pollination by non‐syrphid flies, such as bee flies (Bombylius major L., Bombyliidae, Diptera), has often been underappreciated. Bee flies represent a diverse group of long‐tongue nectar‐feeding insects that are often reported as generalists who visit flowers indiscriminately. Here, we used individual‐based pollen transport networks to assess patterns of individual foraging in bee flies over two flowering seasons in a diverse co‐flowering community. Using this approach, we uncover the structure (e.g., modular vs. nested) of bee fly individual foraging and the degree of individual specialisation. We further evaluate the role of resource availability (floral abundance) and intraspecific trait variation (proboscis length and body size) in shaping individual specialisation. Overall, bee flies visited 20 different plant species. However, network analysis shows that individuals are more specialised and tend to partition the floral resource as reflected by the high degree of network modularity. Most bee fly individuals concentrate their foraging on only a few floral resources (two to four plant species) suggesting strong niche partitioning in this group of pollinators. This modular foraging pattern was not explained by differences in resource availability over the season. Proboscis length, however, was negatively related to the level of individual specialisation. Individuals with larger proboscis had larger foraging niches (less specialisation) perhaps due to easier access to a wide range of plant species with different floral tube sizes. Overall, our study reveals high individual specialisation and niche partitioning in bee‐fly interactions, mediated by differences in proboscis length, and with important implications for pollen transfer dynamics, plant–plant competition and plant reproductive success in diverse co‐flowering communities.
Insight Into the Diversity of Flower‐Visiting Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Shrubland Maquis Around Ajaccio (South‐West Corsica, France)
Authors: Plume Laurent , Maestracci Pierre‐Yves , Gibernau Marc 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWith around 6000 species and 200 genera worldwide, hoverflies (Syrphidae, Diptera) are important and a diverse group of pollinators, second to wild bees (Hymenoptera). Here, we studied the diversity of Syrphidae visiting flowers in low shrubland maquis environments of three compensation areas in the Ajaccio region (Corsica, France). A total of 138 hoverflies visiting flowers were sampled representing 27 species from 16 genera. The subfamily Syrphinae was the most diverse in comparison to Milesinae or Eristalinae. The syrphid communities were dominated at 67% by seven species (Eumerus barbarus, Sphaerophoria scripta, Chrysotoxum intermedium, Episyrphus balteatus, Syritta pipiens, Melanostoma mellinum and Melanostoma scalare). Most of data reported here are new for the Ajaccio region. Loretto stands out from the other two sites with both a greater species diversity and specimen abundance of hoverflies recorded visiting flowers. With regard to the daily activity, flower visits by syprhids occurred mainly during the morning at the three studied sites, and flowers of Asteraceae were the most visited. Finally, hoverflies showed a marked seasonality since most records of flower visits occurred in autumn (from September to November) when other floral visitors are rarer or absent.
Radiomics in advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: Identifying responders to somatostatin analogs
Authors: Polici Michela , Caruso Damiano , Masci Benedetta , Marasco Matteo , Valanzuolo Daniela , Dell'Unto Elisabetta , Zerunian Marta , Campana Davide , De Santis Domenico , Lamberti Giuseppe , Iannicelli Elsa , Prosperi Daniela , Annibale Bruno , Laghi Andrea , Panzuto Francesco , Rinzivillo Maria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo evaluate a radiomic strategy for predicting progression in advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (GEP‐NET) patients treated with somatostatin analogs (SSAs). Fifty‐eight patients with GEP‐NETs and liver metastases, with baseline computerized tomography (CT) scans from June 2013 to November 2020, were studied retrospectively. Data collected included progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), tumor grading, death, and Ki67 index. Patients were categorized into progressive and non‐progressive groups. Two radiologists performed 3D liver segmentation on baseline CT scans using 3DSlicer v4.10.2. One hundred six radiomic features were extracted and analyzed (T‐test or Mann–Whitney). Radiomic feature efficacy was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic curves, and both univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to develop predictive models. A significance level of p < .05 was maintained. Of 55 patients, 38 were progressive (median PFS and OS: 14 and 34 months, respectively), and 17 were non‐progressive (median PFS and OS: 58 months each). Six radiomic features significantly differed between groups (p < .05), with an area under the curve (AUC) range of 0.64–0.74. Ki67 was the only clinical parameter significantly associated with progression risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.14, p < .05). The combined radiomic features and Ki67 model proved most effective, showing an AUC of 0.814 (p = .008). The radiomic model alone did not reach statistical significance (p = .07). A combined model incorporating radiomic features and the Ki67 index effectively predicts disease progression in GEP‐NET patients eligible for SSA treatment.
Retrospective evaluation of risk factors for worsening renal function after angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor treatment in dogs
Authors: Lee Yelim , Baek Minju , Lee Dongseop , Park Jinyeong , Chae Yeon , Kang Byeong‐Teck , Yun Taesik , Kim Hakhyun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundAngiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) have the potential to cause worsening renal function (WRF). Therefore, reevaluation of renal function is recommended 1‐2 weeks after starting ACEi therapy.ObjectivesTo identify risk factors for WRF in dogs receiving ACEi for cardiac diseases, proteinuria, or systemic hypertension.AnimalsA total of 156 client‐owned dogs that received ACEi were included.MethodsSerum creatinine concentration was determined at the initial presentation and first reevaluation to detect and grade WRF (increase in sCr ≥ 0.3 mg/dL). Grade 1 (nonazotemic), 2 (mild), and 3 (moderate to severe) WRF were characterized by sCr remaining ≤1.6 mg/dL, 1.7‐2.5 mg/dL increase, and 2.6‐5.0 mg/dL increase, respectively. Demographic and serum chemistry data, such as total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, symmetric dimethylarginine, glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol concentrations, and serum electrolyte concentrations at first presentation, were evaluated. Multivariable modeling was performed to identify risk factors for WRF after treatment with ACEi.ResultsWorsening renal function was identified in 27/156 (17%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11‐0.23) dogs after ACEi treatment. It was classified as Grades 1, 2, and 3 in 17, 2, and 8 dogs, respectively. The only significant factors associated with WRF in dogs receiving ACEi were concurrent administration of furosemide (odds ratio, 5.05; 95% CI, 2.05‐12.4; P < .001) and pre‐existing azotemia (odds ratio, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.28‐8.03; P = .01).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAlthough WRF is uncommon and mild, ACEi should be cautiously prescribed in dogs receiving furosemide or those with pre‐existing azotemia.
Lotus resistance against Ralstonia is enhanced by Mesorhizobium and does not impair mutualism
Authors: Prévitali Thomas , Rouault Mathilde , Pichereaux Carole , Gourion Benjamin 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Legumes establish nitrogen‐fixing symbioses with rhizobia. On the contrary, they can be attacked concomitantly by pathogens, raising the question of potential trade‐offs between mutualism and immunity.
In order to study such trade‐offs, we used a tripartite system involving the model legume Lotus japonicus, its rhizobial symbiont Mesorhizobium loti and the soilborne pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. We investigated the impact of mutualism on plant defense and the reciprocal influence of plant defense on mutualism.
We found that Lotus age‐related resistance against Ralstonia was improved by the interaction with rhizobia especially when nodulation is triggered. Conversely, age‐related resistance did not compromise nodule organogenesis or functioning under pathogen attack. Proteomic characterization indicates that this resistance is associated with distinct proteome modifications in roots and nodules.
This resistance questions the concept of interference between efficient defense reactions and mutualistic interactions and is of great interest for agricultural purposes as it not only restricts pathogen colonization, but would also preserve nitrogen fixation and yield.
Painting the plant body: pigment biosynthetic pathways regulated by small RNAs
Authors: Barrera‐Rojas Carlos Hernán , Nogueira Fabio Tebaldi Silveira , van den Berg Cássio 
Published: November 2024

SummaryPlant pigments are diverse natural molecules involved in numerous biological functions such as development, growth, and metabolism. As plants age, not only new organs will be formed, but also, they will acquire the necessary pigments in response to the environment and endogenous programming in order to achieve reproductive success. Among the endogenous cues, the small RNAs (sRNAs), an endogenous group of ubiquitous regulatory molecules, may regulate the pigments‐associated biosynthetic pathways at posttranscriptional level. Although plant pigments and sRNAs have been comprehensively studied in several processes throughout the entire plant cycle in model and nonmodel species, connections among these central players must be revised. Studying these complex networks allow us not only to know the progress that has been made in this area, but also generate research questions to be explored in order to unravel novel mechanisms for improving plant yield; therefore, in this review we have summarized the emerging roles of sRNAs‐regulated nodes in mediating plant pigmentation‐associated biosynthetic pathways, focused on chlorophylls, flavonoids, carotenoids, and betalains. In addition, we discuss perspectives related to the manipulation of those genes associated with plant pigments for obtaining genetically improved plants.