bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deleted in colorectal cancer (netrin‐1 receptor) antibodies and limbic encephalitis in a cat with hippocampal necrosis
Authors: Hasegawa Daisuke , Ohnishi Yumi , Koyama Eiji , Matsunaga Satoru , Ohtani Shouhei , Nakanishi Akio , Shiga Takanori , Chambers James K. , Uchida Kazuyuki , Yokoi Norihiko , Fukata Yuko , Fukata Masaki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA 7‐year‐old neutered female domestic shorthaired cat born in Poland and then moved to Japan presented to the local clinic with recent onset of convulsive cluster seizures and status epilepticus. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral swelling of the hippocampus with T2 hyperintensity and contrast enhancing image, suggesting hippocampal necrosis. The cat completely recovered after treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AED) and administration of prednisolone (1 mg/kg PO q24h for 4 days and tapered). However, cluster seizures reoccurred and developed into status epilepticus despite increasing doses of AED. Although the convulsions were resolved by other AEDs, stupor and renal failure developed, and the cat was euthanized. Pathological findings were consistent with hippocampal necrosis. Immunological analysis for leucine‐rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) autoantibodies was negative, but antibodies against DCC (deleted in colorectal carcinoma) known as netrin‐1 receptor were found. This report describes a case of feline autoimmune limbic encephalitis and hippocampal necrosis that were presumably associated with DCC autoantibodies.
ddRAD‐seq data reveal significant genome‐wide population structure and divergent genomic regions that distinguish the mallard and close relatives in North America
Authors: Lavretsky Philip , DaCosta Jeffrey M. , Sorenson Michael D. , McCracken Kevin G. , Peters Jeffrey L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRecently evolved species typically share genetic variation across their genomes due to incomplete lineage sorting and/or ongoing gene flow. Given only subtle allele frequency differences at most loci and the expectation that divergent selection may affect only a tiny fraction of the genome, distinguishing closely related species based on multi‐locus data requires substantial genomic coverage. In this study, we used ddRAD‐seq to sample the genomes of five recently diverged, New World “mallards” (Anas spp.), a group of dabbling duck species characterized by diagnosable phenotypic differences but minimal genetic differentiation. With increased genomic sampling, we aimed to characterize population structure within this group and identify genomic regions that may have experienced divergent selection during speciation. We analyzed 3,017 autosomal ddRAD‐seq loci and 177 loci from the Z‐chromosome. In contrast to previous studies, the ddRAD‐seq data were sufficient to assign individuals to their respective species or subspecies and to generate estimates of gene flow in a phylogenetic framework. We find limited evidence of contemporary gene flow between the dichromatic mallard and several monochromatic taxa, but find evidence for historical gene flow between some monochromatic species pairs. We conclude that the overall genetic similarity of these taxa likely reflects retained ancestral polymorphism rather than recent and extensive gene flow. Thus, despite recurring cases of hybridization in this group, our results challenge the current dogma predicting the genetic extinction of the New World monochromatic dabbling ducks via introgressive hybridization with mallards. Moreover, ddRAD‐seq data were sufficient to identify previously unknown outlier regions across the Z‐chromosome and several autosomal chromosomes that may have been involved in the diversification of species in this recent radiation.
Perception of double‐stranded RNA in plant antiviral immunity
Authors: Niehl Annette , Heinlein Manfred 
Published: April 2019

SummaryRNA silencing and antiviral pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) both rely on recognition of double‐stranded (ds)RNAs as defence‐inducing signals. While dsRNA recognition by dicer‐like proteins during antiviral RNA silencing is thoroughly investigated, the molecular mechanisms involved in dsRNA perception leading to antiviral PTI are just about to be untangled. Parallels to antimicrobial PTI thereby only partially facilitate our view on antiviral PTI. PTI against microbial pathogens involves plasma membrane bound receptors; however, dsRNAs produced during virus infection occur intracellularly. Hence, how dsRNA may be perceived during this immune response is still an open question. In this short review, we describe recent discoveries in PTI signalling upon sensing of microbial patterns and endogenous ‘danger’ molecules with emphasis on immune signalling‐associated subcellular trafficking processes in plants. Based on these studies, we develop different scenarios how dsRNAs could be sensed during antiviral PTI.
Engineering of hairpin ribozyme variants for RNA recombination and splicing
Authors: Hieronymus Robert , Müller Sabine 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe hairpin ribozyme is a small, naturally occurring RNA that catalyzes the reversible cleavage of RNA substrates. Among the small endonucleolytic ribozymes, the hairpin ribozyme possesses the unique feature of the internal equilibrium between cleavage and ligation being shifted toward ligation. This allows control of the reaction outcome by structural design: fragments that are strongly bound to the ribozyme are preferentially ligated, whereas substrates that easily dissociate upon cleavage, such that they are not available for religation, are preferentially cleaved. We have made use of this characteristic feature in engineering a number of hairpin ribozyme variants by programmed conformational design that carry out cascades of cleavage and ligation reactions, and as a result mediate more complex RNA processing reactions. Here, we review our work on the engineering of hairpin ribozyme variants for RNA recombination and regular and back‐splicing, and discuss the relevance of such activities in early life.
Apneic nasal oxygenation and safe apnea time during pediatric intubations by learners
Authors: Soneru Codruta N. , Hurt Hans F. , Petersen Timothy R. , Davis Donnis D. , Braude Darren A. , Falcon Ricardo J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundApneic nasal oxygenation (ApOx) prolongs the time to desaturation during intubation of adult patients, but there is limited prospective evidence for apneic oxygenation in pediatric patients.AimsWe hypothesized that ApOx during operating room intubation of pediatric patients by inexperienced learners would prolong the interval before desaturation.MethodsThis prospective observational study compared intubation data for 196 pediatric surgical patients intubated by learners under baseline practice (no nasal cannula), to 160 patients enrolled after adoption of routine apneic nasal cannula oxygenation at 5 L/min. The primary outcome was elapsed time between anesthetic induction and pulse oximetry (SpO2) falling to 95, if ever.ResultsNasal cannula oxygenation during intubation by learners delayed desaturation to SpO2 95 (risk ratio for this event before intubation 0.05, 95% CI 0.03‐0.09; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsApneic oxygenation via nasal cannula during intubation of pediatric surgical patients prolongs time before desaturation, thus extending the safe interval for airway management by learners.
Early diagnosis of ploidy status in doubled haploid production of maize by stomata length and flow cytometry measurements
Authors: Molenaar Willem S. , de Oliveira Couto Evellyn Giselly , Piepho Hans‐Peter , Melchinger Albrecht E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractReliable discrimination of haploid (H), doubled haploid (DH) and crossing (C) plants in early growth stages could streamline DH production in maize. By detecting in early growth stages undesirable sterile H plants and undesirable heterozygous C plants, a large proportion of resources required for DH production could be saved. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of early classification of plants in growth stages V3‐V4 as H, DH or C in the context of DH production using flow cytometry and stomata length. As the reference classification, we used a field score based on plant phenotype commonly applied in DH production and research. Our results show that identification of misclassified C seeds is possible because the overlap in distributions of stomata length between H&DH and C plants is small and the association between flow cytometry and the reference field score is high. In contrast, overlap between H and DH distributions is substantial. Consequently, the main application we see for these classification methods in early growth stages is the identification of C seedlings.
Validation of a physician global assessment tool for vitiligo extent: Results of an international vitiligo expert meeting
Authors: van Geel Nanja , Wolkerstorfer Albert , Ezzedine Khaled , Pandya Amit G. , Bekkenk Marcel , Grine Lynda , Van Belle Sarah , Lommerts Janny E. , Hamzavi Iltefat , Harris John E. , Eleftheriadou Viktoria , Esmat Samia , Kang Hee Young , Kumarasinghe Prasad , Lan Cheng‐Che E. , Parsad Davinder , Raboobee Noufal , Flora Xiang Leihong , Suzuki Tamio , Prinsen Cecilia A. , Taieb Alain , Picardo Mauro , Speeckaert Reinhart ,   the participants of the Rome International VGICC /VIS Workshop
Published: April 2019

AbstractCurrently, vitiligo lacks a validated Physician Global Assessment (PGA) for disease extent. This PGA can be used to stratify and interpret the numeric scores obtained by the Vitiligo Extent Score (VES). We investigated the interrater reliability of a 5‐point PGA scale during an international vitiligo workshop. Vitiligo experts from five different continents rated photographs of non‐segmental vitiligo patients with varying degrees of extent with the PGA score. Good interrater agreements (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.6) were observed between the raters overall and within each continent. All hypotheses to evaluate construct validity were confirmed. Median VES values per category were for limited 1.10 [IQR: 0.21–1.67], moderate 3.17 [IQR: 1.75–6.21], extensive 9.58 [IQR: 6.21–13.03] and very extensive 42.67 [IQR: 21.20–42.67]. Defined categories for vitiligo extent can be valuable for inclusion criteria and may impact future reimbursement criteria.
Disseminated De Novo Myeloid Sarcoma in a 17‐year‐old Boy
Authors: Sandre Matthew K. , Liu Annie , Levy Rebecca 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMyeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary tumor of malignant myeloid cells often associated with acute myeloid leukemia. We report a case of a 17‐year‐old boy presenting with diffuse red‐brown skin nodules ultimately diagnosed with the scarcely described disseminated, de novo MS. It is important for dermatologists to keep MS on their differential when assessing patients with disseminated red‐brown nodules.
Refusing to Be Governed: Urban Policing, Gang Violence, and the Politics of Evilness in an Afro‐Colombian Shantytown
Authors: Alves Jaime Amparo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhat is the role of policing within urban contexts marked by economic dispossession, crime, and gang violence? This article grapples with this question by examining both policing practices and the strategies of resistance embraced by residents of El Guayacán, a predominantly black neighborhood in the outskirts of Cali, Colombia. I argue that policing is not only about repression but also about enforcing spatial‐racial boundaries and administering social death. On the one hand, targeting black bodies and black places as the problem of urban security provides police a spatial fix (to borrow from critical geographers) for broad anxieties around crime. On the other hand, the discursive and material production of unruly bodies and ungovernable spaces justifies state disinvestment, social abandonment, and police aggression against racialized others.
Productivity and thallus toughness trade‐off relationship in marine macroalgae from the Japan Sea
Authors: Sakanishi Yoshihiko , Kasai Hiromi , Enomoto Koichiro , Toda Masashi , Tanaka Jiro 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARYTrade‐offs are considered key to understanding mechanisms supporting the coexistence of multiple plant species. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying trade‐offs is expected to contribute to conservation and management of macroalgal beds composed of diverse macroalgae of rocky shore ecosystems. To test the occurrence of trade‐offs between productivity and thallus toughness as well as pair‐wise thallus trait relationships that are expected to indirectly relate to any trade‐offs, traits and relationships for 13 species of macroalgae from the central area along the Japan Sea coast of Honshu, Japan were examined. In each species we examined for photosynthetic capacity per unit biomass (as Amass) and nitrogen (i.e., photosynthetic nitrogen‐use efficiency, PNUE), nitrogen content (as Nmass), thallus mass per unit thallus area (as TMA) and force required to penetrate the thallus (as Fp, a common index of leaf toughness in land plants by punch test). A significant negative correlation indicating a trade‐off between productivity and thallus toughness was found between Amass or PNUE and Fp. Pair‐wise relationships that were expected to indirectly relate to the trade‐off were as follows. Amass was positively correlated with Nmass. Thalli with high Nmass extensively utilizing nitrogen in the photosynthetic parts, and consequently exhibiting elevated metabolic rates. Moreover, thalli with high Nmass tended to be associated with low TMA, and Nmass decreased with increasing TMA. A significant negative correlation was observed between TMA and Amass or PNUE because of the linkage of high Amass or PNUE with high Nmass and high Nmass associated with low TMA, while a significant positive correlation was observed between TMA and Fp. The two correlations indicate a physiological and structural trade‐off, which underlies the interdependency of thallus traits. Results of multivariate analyses also indicated that the thallus traits interdependently vary across a single axis based on the trade‐off.
Obesity as a barrier to kidney transplantation: Time to eliminate the body weight bias?
Authors: MacLaughlin Helen L. , Campbell Katrina L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere is clear evidence that survival rates following transplantation far exceed those for remaining on dialysis, regardless of body size measured by body mass index (BMI). Studies over the past 15 years also suggest little to no difference in long‐term outcomes, including graft survival and mortality, irrespective of BMI, in contrast to earlier evidence. However, weight bias still exists, as access to kidney transplantation remains inequitable in centers using arbitrary BMI limits. Clinicians faced with the decision regarding listing based on body size are not helped by conflicting recommendations in national and international guidelines. Therefore, in clinical practice, obesity, and recommendations for weight loss, remain a controversial issue when assessing suitability for kidney transplantation. Obesity management interventions in end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD), whether for weight loss for transplantation listing or for slowing kidney disease progression, are under‐explored in trial settings. Bariatric surgery is the most successful treatment for obesity, but carries increased risk in the ESKD population, and the desired outcome of kidney transplant listing is not guaranteed. Centers that limit transplants to those meeting arbitrary levels of body mass, rather than adopting an individualized assessment approach, may be unfairly depriving many ESKD patients of the survival and quality of life benefits derived from kidney transplantation. However, robotic kidney transplantation surgery holds promise for reducing perioperative risks related to obesity, and may therefore represent an opportunity to remove listing criteria based on size.
Household Determinants of Teen Marriage: Sister Effects Across Four Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries
Authors: Pesando Luca Maria , Abufhele Alejandra 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article investigates the household determinants of teen marriage in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam using data from the international Young Lives study tracking a cohort of children from the ages of 8–19 over a 15‐year period. First, we offer a descriptive and comparative overview of the prevalence of teen marriage among girls in geographically selected areas of the four countries, together with their sociodemographic determinants. Second, we place a specific focus on the role of gender and sibling sex‐composition in shaping the probability of getting married by age 19. Drawing on the significant cross‐country heterogeneity in household context, direction of marriage payments, and prevalence of arranged marriage, we test hypotheses relating to the availability of economic resources within the household and cultural norms surrounding the order and timing of marriage. We show that in Ethiopia, India, and Vietnam, presence and number of older sisters in the household are associated with a 30–50 percent lower likelihood of teen marriage, while the association is null in Peru. Also, we show that having a girl as next‐youngest sibling does not significantly affect girls’ likelihood of experiencing teen marriage, except in Ethiopia. Our results combined support theories of family‐level resource constraints over sibling rivalry hypotheses. Our findings enrich and complement existing evidence on the role of sibling sex‐composition on adolescent outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Validation of a novel smartphone application‐enabled, patient‐operated skin barrier device
Authors: Grinich Erin E. , Shah Anuja V. , Simpson Eric L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundTransepidermal water loss (TEWL) and surface capacitance measure skin barrier permeability and stratum corneum (SC) hydration, respectively, and are frequently utilized in atopic dermatitis clinical trials. Many barrier devices are costly and often used only in the academic setting. GPSkin is a low‐cost, patient‐operated device that measures both TEWL and SC hydration. This study aimed to test the reliability of GPSkin and assess its correlation with current industry standards.Materials and MethodsGPSkin was compared to the Biox AquaFlux (TEWL) and Courage‐Khazaka Corneometer (SC hydration). Participants with healthy skin (n = 50) collected measurements with GPSkin in Trial 1 without any device education and in Trial 2 with additional instruction. In Trial 2, the investigator also performed measurements with GPSkin. Spearman's coefficients (rs) were performed to assess device correlation. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to determine reliability.ResultsOverall, GPSkin was moderately correlated with current industry device measurements for TEWL (Trial 1 rs:0.48; Trial 2 rs:0.40 participant, 0.34 investigator) and SC hydration (Trial 1 rs:0.63; Trial 2 rs:0.45). GPSkin demonstrated “good” test‐retest reliability for both TEWL (ICC: 0.89) and SC hydration (ICC: 0.85) measurements when participants were provided with some device education. There was no difference in reliability between participants provided with device education and investigators.ConclusionBased on these findings, we concluded that GPSkin provides reasonably precise and reliable measurements of SC hydration and TEWL as compared to current devices.
Understanding the Neural Bases of Implicit and Statistical Learning
Authors: Batterink Laura J. , Paller Ken A. , Reber Paul J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBoth implicit learning and statistical learning focus on the ability of learners to pick up on patterns in the environment. It has been suggested that these two lines of research may be combined into a single construct of “implicit statistical learning.” However, by comparing the neural processes that give rise to implicit versus statistical learning, we may determine the extent to which these two learning paradigms do indeed describe the same core mechanisms. In this review, we describe current knowledge about neural mechanisms underlying both implicit learning and statistical learning, highlighting converging findings between these two literatures. A common thread across all paradigms is that learning is supported by interactions between the declarative and nondeclarative memory systems of the brain. We conclude by discussing several outstanding research questions and future directions for each of these two research fields. Moving forward, we suggest that the two literatures may interface by defining learning according to experimental paradigm, with “implicit learning” reserved as a specific term to denote learning without awareness, which may potentially occur across all paradigms. By continuing to align these two strands of research, we will be in a better position to characterize the neural bases of both implicit and statistical learning, ultimately improving our understanding of core mechanisms that underlie a wide variety of human cognitive abilities.
Epidemiological investigation of Leptospira spp. in a dairy farming enterprise after the occurrence of three human leptospirosis cases
Authors: Yupiana Yuni , Wilson Peter R. , Weston Jenny F. , Vallée Emilie , Collins‐Emerson Julie M. , Benschop Jackie , Scotland Tim , Heuer Cord 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn epidemiological investigation was conducted in an unvaccinated dairy farming enterprise in which three workers on one of the milking herds (Herd 1) were diagnosed with leptospirosis due to serovars Hardjo (H) (n = 2) and Pomona (P) (n = 1) between January and March 2015. Blood and urine samples were collected from milking cows in Herd 1 (N = 230) and Herd 2 (N = 400), rising one‐ (R1, N = 125) and rising two‐year‐old (R2, N = 130) replacement heifers, and four pigs associated with Herd 1, in March 2015. Sera were tested using the MAT for serovars H, P, Copenhageni (C), Ballum (B) and Tarassovi (T), and urine samples were tested by qPCR. Seventy‐five per cent of 109 cows in Herd 1 and 36% of 121 in Herd 2 were seropositive (≥48), predominantly to H and P, and 23% of 74 cows in Herd 1 and 1% of 90 cows in Herd 2 were qPCR positive. Fifty‐five per cent of 42 R2 heifers were seropositive to T. No R1 and 17% of 42 R2 heifers were qPCR positive. Subsequently, all cattle were vaccinated for H and P, and Herds 1 and 2 were given amoxicillin. After the booster vaccination, 7% of 91 in Herd 1, 2% of 82 in Herd 2 and 11% of 38 R1 heifers (sampled as R2) were PCR positive. After the amoxicillin treatment, no cows in Herd 1 and 5% of 62 cows in Herd 2 were urine PCR positive. Calves and pigs were seropositive to H, P, C and B. Vaccination and antibiotic treatment appeared effective in reducing the risk of exposure of workers to vaccine serovars. However, evidence of non‐vaccine serovars indicated that workers likely remain at risk of exposure to Leptospira.