bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rice CYP78A gene BSR2 confers resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and affects seed size and growth in Arabidopsis and rice
Authors: Maeda Satoru , Dubouzet Joseph G. , Kondou Youichi , Jikumaru Yusuke , Seo Shigemi , Oda Kenji , Matsui Minami , Hirochika Hirohiko , Mori Masaki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani causes devastating diseases in hundreds of plant species. Among these, R. solani causes sheath blight, one of the three major diseases in rice. To date, few genes have been reported that confer resistance to R. solani. Here, rice-FOX Arabidopsis lines identified as having resistance to a bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and a fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum higginsianum were screened for disease resistance to R. solani. BROAD-SPECTRUM RESISTANCE2 (BSR2), a gene encoding an uncharacterized cytochrome P450 protein belonging to the CYP78A family, conferred resistance to R. solani in Arabidopsis. When overexpressed in rice, BSR2 also conferred resistance to two R. solani anastomosis groups. Both Arabidopsis and rice plants overexpressing BSR2 had slower growth and produced longer seeds than wild-type control plants. In contrast, BSR2-knockdown rice plants were more susceptible to R. solani and displayed faster growth and shorter seeds in comparison with the control. These results indicate that BSR2 is associated with disease resistance, growth rate and seed size in rice and suggest that its function is evolutionarily conserved in both monocot rice and dicot Arabidopsis.
Superamphiphobic Cu/CuO Micropillar Arrays with High Repellency Towards Liquids of Extremely High Viscosity and Low Surface Tension
Authors: Zhu Qing , Li Bucheng , Li Shangbin , Luo Guan , Zheng Baohui , Zhang Junping 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFor almost all the research of super anti-wetting surfaces, pure liquids like water and n-hexadecane are used as the probes. However, liquids of diverse compositions are used in academic research, industrial production and our daily life. Obviously, the liquid repellency of super anti-wetting coatings is highly dependent on properties of the liquids. Here, we report the first superamphiphobic surface with high repellency towards liquids of extremely high viscosity and low surface tension. The surfaces were prepared by constructing a hierarchical micro-/nanostructure on the Cu micropillar arrays followed by modification with perfluorosilane. The surfaces are superamphiphobic towards the liquids with extremely high viscosity and low surface tension because of (i) the micro-/nanostructured surface composed of micropillars with proper pillar distance and CuO nano-flowers, and (ii) the abundant perfluorodecyl groups on the surface. The contact angles, sliding angles, apparent contact line at the solid-liquid interface and adhesion forces are the end products of micropillar distance, viscosity and surface tension. Smaller micropillar distance, higher viscosity and higher surface tension contribute to reducing the adhesion force. We in situ observed the process of microcapillary bridge rupture for the first time using highly viscous liquids. We also successfully reduced the adhesion forces and enhanced the average rolling velocity of liquids with extremely high viscosity and low surface tension by regulating the micropillar distance.
Evaluating tropical phytoplankton phenology metrics using contemporary tools
Authors: Gittings John A. , Raitsos Dionysios E. , Kheireddine Malika , Racault Marie-Fanny , Claustre Hervé , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe timing of phytoplankton growth (phenology) in tropical oceans is a crucial factor influencing the survival rates of higher trophic levels, food web structure and the functioning of coral reef ecosystems. Phytoplankton phenology is thus categorised as an ‘ecosystem indicator’, which can be utilised to assess ecosystem health in response to environmental and climatic perturbations. Ocean-colour remote sensing is currently the only technique providing global, long-term, synoptic estimates of phenology. However, due to limited available in situ datasets, studies dedicated to the validation of satellite-derived phenology metrics are sparse. The recent development of autonomous oceanographic observation platforms provides an opportunity to bridge this gap. Here, we use satellite-derived surface chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) observations, in conjunction with a Biogeochemical-Argo dataset, to assess the capability of remote sensing to estimate phytoplankton phenology metrics in the northern Red Sea – a typical tropical marine ecosystem. We find that phenology metrics derived from both contemporary platforms match with a high degree of precision (within the same 5-day period). The remotely-sensed surface signatures reflect the overall water column dynamics and successfully capture Chl-a variability related to convective mixing. Our findings offer important insights into the capability of remote sensing for monitoring food availability in tropical marine ecosystems, and support the use of satellite-derived phenology as an ecosystem indicator for marine management strategies in regions with limited data availability.
Mercury methylating microbial communities of boreal forest soils
Authors: Xu Jingying , Buck Moritz , Eklöf Karin , Ahmed Omneya O. , Schaefer Jeffra K. , Bishop Kevin , Skyllberg Ulf , Björn Erik , Bertilsson Stefan , Bravo Andrea G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe formation of the potent neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) is a microbially mediated process that has raised much concern because MeHg poses threats to wildlife and human health. Since boreal forest soils can be a source of MeHg in aquatic networks, it is crucial to understand the biogeochemical processes involved in the formation of this pollutant. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and the mercury methyltransferase, hgcA, combined with geochemical characterisation of soils, were used to determine the microbial populations contributing to MeHg formation in forest soils across Sweden. The hgcA sequences obtained were distributed among diverse clades, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Methanomicrobia, with Deltaproteobacteria, particularly Geobacteraceae, dominating the libraries across all soils examined. Our results also suggest that MeHg formation is also linked to the composition of non-mercury methylating bacterial communities, likely providing growth substrate (e.g. acetate) for the hgcA-carrying microorganisms responsible for the actual methylation process. While previous research focused on mercury methylating microbial communities of wetlands, this study provides some first insights into the diversity of mercury methylating microorganisms in boreal forest soils.
Temporal dynamics in meta longitudinal RNA-Seq data
Authors: Oh Sunghee , Li Congjun , Baldwin Ransom L. , Song Seongho , Liu Fang , Li Robert W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIdentification of differentially expressed genes has been a high priority task of downstream analyses to further advances in biomedical research. Investigators have been faced with an array of issues in dealing with more complicated experiments and metadata, including batch effects, normalization, temporal dynamics (temporally differential expression), and isoform diversity (isoform-level quantification and differential splicing events). To date, there are currently no standard approaches to precisely and efficiently analyze these moderate or large-scale experimental designs, especially with combined metadata. In this report, we propose comprehensive analytical pipelines to precisely characterize temporal dynamics in differential expression of genes and other genomic features, i.e., the variability of transcripts, isoforms and exons, by controlling batch effects and other nuisance factors that could have significant confounding effects on the main effects of interest in comparative models and may result in misleading interpretations.
Gfi1-Mediated Repression of c-Fos, Egr-1 and Egr-2, and Inhibition of ERK1/2 Signaling Contribute to the Role of Gfi1 in Granulopoiesis
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Hu Nan , Dong Fan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGfi1 supports neutrophil development at the expense of monopoiesis, but the underlying molecular mechanism is incompletely understood. We recently showed that the G-CSFR Y729F mutant, in which tyrosine 729 was mutated to phenylalanine, promoted monocyte rather than neutrophil development in myeloid precursors, which was associated with prolonged activation of Erk1/2 and enhanced activation of c-Fos and Egr-1. We show here that Gfi1 inhibited the expression of c-Fos, Egr-1 and Egr-2, and rescued neutrophil development in cells expressing G-CSFR Y729F. Gfi1 directly bound to and repressed c-Fos and Egr-1, as has been shown for Egr-2, all of which are the immediate early genes (IEGs) of the Erk1/2 pathway. Interestingly, G-CSF- and M-CSF-stimulated activation of Erk1/2 was augmented in lineage-negative (Lin−) bone marrow (BM) cells from Gfi1−/− mice. Suppression of Erk1/2 signaling resulted in diminished expression of c-Fos, Egr-1 and Egr-2, and partially rescued the neutrophil development of Gfi1−/− BM cells, which are intrinsically defective for neutrophil development. Together, our data indicate that Gfi1 inhibits the expression of c-Fos, Egr-1 and Egr-2 through direct transcriptional repression and indirect inhibition of Erk1/2 signaling, and that Gfi1-mediated downregulation of c-Fos, Egr-1 and Egr-2 may contribute to the role of Gfi1 in granulopoiesis.
Review of the Electrolarynx: The Past and Present
Authors: Cox Steven R. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the neck-type electrolarynx, describe acoustic and perceptual characteristics of electrolaryngeal speech, and highlight the potential impact of electrolaryngeal speech on voice-related quality of life postlaryngectomy, concluding by describing efforts to improve electrolaryngeal speech rehabilitation. Although several alaryngeal communication options exist, the electrolarynx is the most readily available means of producing voice and speech postlaryngectomy. This is due to the small and handheld nature of an electrolaryngeal device, which is commonly placed against the neck during use. Research suggests that approximately half of laryngectomees use an electrolarynx up to 2 years postlaryngectomy.

Conclusion
Given the importance of the electrolarynx postlaryngectomy, decisions should be made in conjunction with the laryngectomee. It is important to ask: Why not an electrolarynx?
Translabyrinthine Excision of Vestibular Schwannoma with Concurrent Cochlear Implantation: Systematic Review
Authors: Thompson Nicholas , O'Connell Brendan , Brown Kevin 
Published: January 2019

Objectives Hearing rehabilitation is an important management aspect of patients undergoing excision of vestibular schwannomas. Studies have shown cochlear implantation (CI) is possible at the time of tumor excision via a translabyrinthine approach. Primary objectives of this report are (1) to review prospective studies pertaining to outcomes of concurrent CI and translabyrinthine tumor removal in detail and (2) perform an aggregate analysis of outcomes for case reports and series.
Design Systematic review based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
Setting Review of literature using PubMed and Cochrane databases.
Participants Eligibility included patients undergoing translabyrinthine excision of vestibular schwannoma with concurrent CI.
Main Outcome Measures Open-set speech discrimination scores, sound localization, patient-reported outcome measures.
Results Forty-one subjects were identified. Two prospective studies have been performed, which showed improvement in speech localization and patient-reported outcome measures. While the majority of patients achieved open set speech recognition, data pertaining to improvement in speech perception were variable. Approximately 85% of subjects had audibility with their CI. Of those that achieved open-set speech discrimination, 75% could be classified as either intermediate or high performers. The majority of low performers in open-set speech either endorsed subjective benefit or demonstrated improvement compared to preoperative measures. There was a high risk of selection and reporting bias.
Conclusions The majority of patients undergoing translabyrinthine excision of vestibular schwannoma with concurrent CI achieve open set speech perception, with 75% of these patients meeting criteria for being intermediate to high performers. Additional benefits include improved subjective hearing measures, decreased tinnitus, and improved sound localization.
Cellular interactions constrain tumor growth
Authors: West Jeffrey , Newton Paul K. 
Published: January 2019

Significance
A mathematical model relating tumor heterogeneity at the cellular level to tumor growth at the macroscopic level is described based on a statistical mechanics framework. The model takes into account the number of accessible states available to each cell as well as their long-range coupling (population cooperation) to other cells. We show that the degree to which cell populations cooperate determines the number of independent cell states, which in turn dictates the macroscopic (volumetric) growth law. It follows that targeting cell-to-cell interactions or functional coupling among cell populations could be a way of mitigating and controlling tumor growth.
Slavic and Romancepro-dropin contrast
Authors: Pešková Andrea 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe present paper investigates similarities and differences between Czech and Spanish regarding the (non-)expression of pronominal subjects (PS). The nature of this comparative study is qualitative, and its central question is whether Czech and Spanish use the same strategies for omission and expression of PS. Previous research describes both Czech and Spanish as consistent pro-drop languages, and at first glance their strategies for (non-) expression of PS are identical. However, in certain structures, Czech allows overt pragmatic as well as grammatical expletives, a feature which – in combination with several further structural properties – substantially distinguishes it from Spanish. The differences that may emerge when comparing two languages leads automatically to a discussion of the typology of pro-drop languages.
The weight of glory
Authors: Como James 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
‘The weight of glory’ discusses the varying responses to C. S. Lewis. His critics have often railed against him. Even some of his Christian colleagues found his apologetic militancy unpalatable. Conversely, distinguished scholars have written highly of him and praised his work, literary artists and journalists have cited him for his authority and breadth, and ordinary readers have found still other sources of his appeal. Lewis takes the reader from the possible to the plausible to the intensely pleasurable to the promising and thence to the glories of hope. The last book Lewis saw through the press was Letters to Malcolm, Chiefly on Prayer, a meditation on prayer and praying.
Should NICE guidelines be universally accepted for the evaluation of stable coronary disease? A debate
Authors: Hecht Harvey S , Shaw Leslee , Chandrashekhar Y S , Bax Jeroen J , Narula Jagat 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The 2016 National Institute of Health and Care Excellence clinical guideline for the assessment and diagnosis of chest pain positions coronary computed tomography angiography as the first test for all stable chest pain patients without confirmed coronary artery disease and discards the previous emphasis on calculation of pre-test likelihood recommended in their 2012 edition of the guidelines. On the other hand, the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association and the European Society of Cardiology guidelines continue to present the stress testing functional modalities as the tests of choice. The aim of this review is to present, in the form of a debate, the pros and cons of these paradigm changing recommendations, with an emphasis on literature review and projection of future needs, with conclusions to be drawn by the reader.
Impacts on forest management and forest state in southern Sweden 10 years after the storm Gudrun
Authors: Valinger Erik , Kempe Göran , Fridman Jonas 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
About 70 million m3 was damaged by the storm Gudrun that hit southern Sweden in January 2005, i.e. almost as much as the normal annual cut for the whole country. To establish any differences in forest state and forest management before and after the storm, measures such as growing stock, annual growth, age-class distribution, choice of species in regeneration and cleaning and thinning activities were studied for the area affected and the area unaffected by the storm. For all analyses, sample plots from the Swedish National Forest Inventory were used. Results based on mean values for the periods 2000–2004/2006–2010/2012–2016 showed that the total growing stock for the damaged area decreased significantly by ~30 million m3 directly after the storm but has now recovered to the same level as before the storm. Therefore, it seems clear that forest owners and forest managers made rational choices when aiming to restore the forest area. As expected , the annually cleaned area and the area in immediate need of cleaning increased significantly in the Gudrun area after the storm. No other significant changes in behaviour to reduce future storm damage risk could be detected.
Which literacy for health promotion: health, food, nutrition or media?
Authors: Truman Emily , Bischoff Madison , Elliott Charlene 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEducation and literacy are important aspects of health promotion. The potential for health literacy to promote healthier choices has been widely examined, with studies variously incorporating food literacy, nutrition literacy and/or media literacy as components of health literacy, rather than treating each as unique concepts for health promotion. This study examines similarities and differences across health literacy, food literacy, nutrition literacy and health-promoting media literacy to highlight how each literacy type theorizes the relationship between education and health. A meta-review of existing scoping and systematic reviews examining literacy conceptualizations was conducted to examine the four literacies. Representative concept definitions were extracted and key competencies (or skills) and desired consequences were identified and grouped into subcategories for analysis. This study located 378 articles, of which 17 scoping/systematic reviews were included (10 for health literacy, 3 for food, 1 for nutrition and 3 for media). Representative concept definitions of the four literacy types revealed three skill categories (information acquisition, information analysis, and the application of information) and three categories of desired consequences (knowledge, attitudes and behaviors), with each of the four literacy types emphasizing varied collections of skills and desired consequences. Despite perceived similarities in content, health, food, nutrition and media literacy conceptualize the relationship between education and health differently, emphasizing the distinct types of knowledge to promote health-related outcomes. A better understanding of the differences between these four literacies will lead to informed decision making for researchers, educators and health practitioners in intervention design and implementation.
Complementary work in the hospital: How infection preventionists perceive opportunities for cooperation with higher status physicians
Authors: Rojas Fabio , Thomas Clayton D , Mukherjee Shibashis , Meanwell Emily , Apgar Lauren 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSocial scientists and management scholars have tended to see workplace interaction through the lens of hierarchy. However, modern workplaces include many people who do not fit neatly into such hierarchies because their work is designed to assess, support, sanction, or monitor other workers who already have well-established positions. Motivated by this observation, we conducted interviews with 193 infection preventionists—healthcare workers whose job it is to work with higher status physicians to monitor and suppress healthcare-acquired infections—to assess how workers outside of existing hierarchies can integrate their work. Inductive analyses of these interviews suggest three strategies: deference; relying on bureaucracy’s routines and practices; and recruiting higher status confederates, which we call side-channeling. From these analyses, we introduce the concept of complementary work to describe labor that seeks to supplement existing workplace hierarchies.
“Robust-Squared” Imputation Models Using Bart
Authors: Tan Yaoyuan V , Flannagan Carol A C , Elliott Michael R 
Published: January 2019

AbstractExamples of “doubly robust” estimators for missing data include augmented inverse probability weighting (AIPWT) and penalized splines of propensity prediction (PSPP). Doubly robust estimators have the property that, if either the response propensity or the mean is modeled correctly, a consistent estimator of the population mean is obtained. However, doubly robust estimators can perform poorly when modest misspecification is present in both models. Here we consider extensions of the AIPWT and PSPP that use Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) to provide highly robust propensity and mean model estimation. We term these “robust-squared” in the sense that the propensity score, the means, or both can be estimated with minimal model misspecification, and applied to the doubly robust estimator. We consider their behavior via simulations where propensities and/or mean models are misspecified. We apply our proposed method to impute missing instantaneous velocity (delta-v) values from the 2014 National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System dataset and missing Blood Alcohol Concentration values from the 2015 Fatality Analysis Reporting System dataset. We found that BART, applied to PSPP and AIPWT, provides a more robust estimate compared with PSPP and AIPWT.
Comparing Alternatives for Estimation from Nonprobability Samples
Authors: Valliant Richard 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThree approaches to estimation from nonprobability samples are quasi-randomization, superpopulation modeling, and doubly robust estimation. In the first, the sample is treated as if it were obtained via a probability mechanism, but unlike in probability sampling, that mechanism is unknown. Pseudo selection probabilities of being in the sample are estimated by using the sample in combination with some external data set that covers the desired population. In the superpopulation approach, observed values of analysis variables are treated as if they had been generated by some model. The model is estimated from the sample and, along with external population control data, is used to project the sample to the population. The specific techniques are the same or similar to ones commonly employed for estimation from probability samples and include binary regression, regression trees, and calibration. When quasi-randomization and superpopulation modeling are combined, this is referred to as doubly robust estimation. This article reviews some of the estimation options and compares them in a series of simulation studies.