bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions On-Call: Dynamic Adaptive Design in the 2015 National Survey of College Graduates
Authors: Coffey Stephanie , Reist Benjamin , Miller Peter V 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article illustrates some effects of dynamic adaptive design in a large government survey. We present findings from the 2015 National Survey of College Graduates Adaptive Design Experiment, including results and discussion of sample representativeness, response rates, and cost. We also consider the effect of truncating data collection (examining alternative stopping rules) on these metrics. In this experiment, we monitored sample representativeness continuously and altered data collection procedures—increasing or decreasing contact effort—to improve it. Cases that were overrepresented in the achieved sample were assigned to more passive modes of data collection (web or paper) or withheld from the group of cases that received survey reminders, whereas underrepresented cases were assigned to telephone follow-ups. The findings suggest that a dynamic adaptive survey design can improve a data quality indicator (R-indicators) without increasing cost or reducing response rate. We also find that a dynamic adaptive survey design has the potential to reduce the length of the data collection period, control cost, and increase timeliness of data delivery, if sample representativeness is prioritized over increasing the survey response rate.
Fickian and non-Fickian diffusion of cosmic rays
Authors: Rodrigues Luiz F S , Snodin Andrew P , Sarson Graeme R , Shukurov Anvar 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Fluid approximations to cosmic ray (CR) transport are often preferred to kinetic descriptions in studies of the dynamics of the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies, because they allow simpler analytical and numerical treatments. Magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the ISM usually incorporate CR dynamics as an advection–diffusion equation for CR energy density, with anisotropic, magnetic-field-aligned diffusion with the diffusive flux assumed to obey Fick’s law. We compare test particle and fluid simulations of CRs in a random magnetic field. We demonstrate that a non-Fickian prescription of CR diffusion, which corresponds to the telegraph equation for the CR energy density, can be easily calibrated to match the test particle simulations with great accuracy. In particular, we consider a random magnetic field in the fluid simulation that has a lower spatial resolution than that used in the particle simulation to demonstrate that an appropriate choice of the diffusion tensor can account effectively for the unresolved (subgrid) scales of the magnetic field. We show that the characteristic time that appears in the telegraph equation can be physically interpreted as the time required for the particles to reach a diffusive regime and we stress that the Fickian description of the CR fluid is unable to describe complex boundary or initial conditions for the CR energy flux.
DNA specificities modulate the binding of human transcription factor A to mitochondrial DNA control region
Authors: Cuppari Anna , Fernández-Millán Pablo , Battistini Federica , Tarrés-Solé Aleix , Lyonnais Sébastien , Iruela Guillermo , Ruiz-López Elena , Enciso Yuliana , Rubio-Cosials Anna , Prohens Rafel , Pons Miquel , Alfonso Carlos , Tóth Katalin , Rivas Germán , Orozco Modesto , Solà Maria 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Human mitochondrial DNA (h-mtDNA) codes for 13 subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, the essential route that produces ATP. H-mtDNA transcription and replication depends on the transcription factor TFAM, which also maintains and compacts this genome. It is well-established that TFAM activates the mtDNA promoters LSP and HSP1 at the mtDNA control region where DNA regulatory elements cluster. Previous studies identified still uncharacterized, additional binding sites at the control region downstream from and slightly similar to LSP, namely sequences X and Y (Site-X and Site-Y) (Fisher et al., Cell 50, pp 247–258, 1987). Here, we explore TFAM binding at these two sites and compare them to LSP by multiple experimental and in silico methods. Our results show that TFAM binding is strongly modulated by the sequence-dependent properties of Site-X, Site-Y and LSP. The high binding versatility of Site-Y or the considerable stiffness of Site-X tune TFAM interactions. In addition, we show that increase in TFAM/DNA complex concentration induces multimerization, which at a very high concentration triggers disruption of preformed complexes. Therefore, our results suggest that mtDNA sequences induce non-uniform TFAM binding and, consequently, direct an uneven distribution of TFAM aggregation sites during the essential process of mtDNA compaction.
MEXPRESS update 2019
Authors: Koch Alexander , Jeschke Jana , Van Criekinge Wim , van Engeland Manon , De Meyer Tim 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The recent growth in the number of publicly available cancer omics databases has been accompanied by the development of various tools that allow researchers to visually explore these data. In 2015, we built MEXPRESS, an online tool for the integration and visualization of gene expression, DNA methylation and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), a large collection of publicly available multi-omics cancer data. MEXPRESS addresses the need for an easy-to-use, interactive application that allows researchers to identify dysregulated genes and their clinical relevance in cancer. Furthermore, while other tools typically do not support integrated visualization of expression and DNA methylation data in combination with the precise genomic location of the methylation, MEXPRESS is unique in how it depicts these diverse data types together. Motivated by the large number of users MEXPRESS has managed to attract over the past 3 years and the recent migration of all TCGA data to a new data portal, we developed a new version of MEXPRESS (https://mexpress.be). It contains the latest TCGA data, additional types of omics and clinical data and extra functionality, allowing users to explore mechanisms of gene dysregulation beyond expression and DNA methylation.
Trends in and Correlates of Use of Roll-Your-Own Cigarettes: A Population Study in England 2008–2017
Authors: Jackson Sarah E , Shahab Lion , Garnett Claire , Brown Jamie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionUnderstanding the use of cheaper roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes may have implications for tobacco tax policy. We examined trends in RYO cigarette use in England between 2008 and 2017, and characterized users’ sociodemographic and smoking profiles.MethodsWe used data from 211 469 respondents to a survey representative of the adult (≥16 years) population. In current smokers across the entire study period (n = 43 389), we assessed multivariable associations between cigarette type (RYO or factory-made [FM]) and sociodemographic and smoking characteristics. Among current smokers in 2008 and 2017 (n = 7685), we tested interactions between year and cigarette type to assess the stability of each characteristic.ResultsBetween 2008 and 2017, FM cigarette use declined from 15.3% to 9.2% whereas RYO use increased from 6.7% to 8.1%. Greater odds of RYO use were observed among younger, male smokers from lower social grades, who were more addicted and used electronic cigarettes (ORrange = 1.28–1.86, p &lt; .001). Lower odds of RYO use were observed among nondaily smokers, those with high motivation to stop, and higher spending on smoking (ORrange = 0.46–0.89, p ≤ .001). The RYO smoker profile was relatively stable between 2008 and 2017. However, compared with FM use, RYO use increased in younger (p &lt; .001) and female (p = .019) smokers, and there was a relatively smaller decline in the proportion cutting down or trying to quit (p = .004).ConclusionIn England, RYO use increased when overall smoking prevalence and FM use decreased. The profile of RYO smokers remained relatively stable, with users typically younger, male, more addicted, deprived, spending less on smoking, and less inclined to quit than FM smokers.ImplicationsThis population-based study provides novel insight into recent trends in RYO use in England, providing an up-to-date understanding of the profile of RYO smokers. Without the consistent application of tax across the range of combustible products, smokers who are more dependent are able to capitalize on the lower cost of RYO in order to continue smoking, undermining the potential benefit of taxation on cessation.
The conundrum of dietary antioxidants in cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Ilghami Roghayeh , Barzegari Abolfazl , Mashayekhi Mohammad Reza , Letourneur Didier , Crepin Michel , Pavon-Djavid Graciela 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Although chemotherapy succeeds in reducing tumor burden, the efficacy is limited due to acquired drug resistance and often irreparable side effects. Studies show that antioxidants may influence the response to chemotherapy and its side effects, although their use remains controversial. The evidence shows that some chemo-drugs induce oxidative stress and lead to normal tissue apoptosis and the entry of cancer cells to a dormant G0 state. Through the suppression of oxidative stress, antioxidants could protect normal cells and bring the tumor out of dormancy so as to expose it to chemotherapies. This review is focused on the redox biology of cancer/normal cells and association of reactive oxygen species with drug resistance, cancer dormancy, and side effects. To this end, evidence from cellular, animal, and clinical studies is provided to better understand the conundrum of dietary antioxidants in cancer chemotherapy.
Customized “Whole-Cervical-Vertebral-Body” Reconstruction After Modified Subtotal Spondylectomy of C2-C7 Spinal Tumor Via Piezoelectric Surgery
Authors: He Shaohui , Yang Xinghai , Yang Jian , Ye Chen , Liu Weibo , Wei Haifeng , Xiao Jianru 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Radical resection is the first-line option in managing cervical primary chondrosarcoma. Favorable anterior reconstruction is challenging after multilevel total spondylectomy in the cervical spine.

OBJECTIVE
To illustrate the application of piezoelectric surgery and three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques in spine surgery.

METHODS
A 27-yr-old patient was referred to our center with complaints of nocturnal neck pain and right upper extremity weakness. A 2-stage radical tumor resection was conducted using piezoelectric surgery with pathologically tumor-free margins. A 3D-printed titanium microporous prosthesis (3D-PTMP) was designed to reconstruct the anterior column of the cervical spine between C1 and T1 for stability.

RESULTS
The whole intraoperative blood loss was 2300 mL over the 2 procedures. The patient had an uneventful recovery, regaining ambulatory status 3 wk after the 2 operations without ventilator support or other severe complications. By the final 14-mo follow-up, the patient had achieved marked pain relief and favorable neurological improvement; a postoperative computed tomography scan indicated a good position of the 3D-printed construct between the endplates with no sign of tumor recurrence or implant subsidence.

CONCLUSION
The applications of piezosurgery in total spondylectomy and in 3D-PTMP in reconstruction can be a favorable alternative for managing multilevel cervical spinal tumors. Further studies are warranted to validate this surgical strategy.
Slave Hounds and Abolition in the Americas*
Authors: Parry Tyler D , Yingling Charlton W 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The lash and shackles remain two primary symbols of material degradation fixed in the historical memory of slavery in the Americas. Yet as recounted by states, abolitionists, travellers, and most importantly slaves themselves, perhaps the most terrifying and effective tool for disciplining black bodies and dominating their space was the dog. This article draws upon archival research and the published materials of former slaves, novelists, slave owners, abolitionists, Atlantic travelers, and police reports to link the systems of slave hunting in Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, and the US South throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Slave hounds were skillfully honed biopower predicated upon scenting, hearing, sighting, outrunning, outlasting, signaling, attacking, and sometimes terminating, black runaways. These animals permeated slave societies throughout the Americas and bolstered European ambitions for colonial expansion, indigenous extirpation, economic extraction, and social domination in slave societies. as dogs were bred to track and hunt enslaved runaways, slave communities utilized resources from the natural environment to obfuscate the animal's heightened senses, which produced successful escapes on multiple occasions. This insistence of slaves' humanity, and the intensity of dog attacks against black resistance in the Caribbean and US South, both served as proof of slavery's inhumanity to abolitionists. Examining racialized canine attacks also contextualizes representations of anti-blackness and interspecies ideas of race. An Atlantic network of breeding, training and sales facilitated the use of slave hounds in each major American slave society to subdue human property, actualize legal categories of subjugation, and build efficient economic and state regimes. This integral process is often overlooked in histories of slavery, the African Diaspora, and colonialism. By violently enforcing slavery’s regimes of racism and profit, exposing the humanity of the enslaved and depravity of enslavers, and enraging transnational abolitionists, hounds were central to the rise and fall of slavery in the Americas.
Perineural Platelet-Rich Plasma for Diabetic Neuropathic Pain, Could It Make a Difference?
Authors: Hassanien Manal , Elawamy Abdelraheem , Kamel Emad Zarief , Khalifa Walaa A , Abolfadl Ghada Mohamed , Roushdy Al Shimaa Ismael , El Zohne Randa A , Makarem Yasmine S 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effect of perineural platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection for pain and numbness alleviation in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).Study DesignA randomized prospective clinical trial.SettingPain clinic and Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Departments, Assiut University Hospital.MethodsSixty adult patients with type II DM accompanied by DPN of at least six months’ duration were assessed by modified Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (mTCNS) and randomly allocated into two groups. Group I underwent ultrasound-guided perineural PRP injection and medical treatment, and Group II received medical treatment only. Patients were followed up at months 1, 3, and 6 with regard to pain and numbness visual analog scale (VAS) and mTCNS scores.ResultsSignificant improvement was recorded in pain and numbness VAS scale scores in group I vs group II (P ≤ 0.001 during the whole study period for both parameters); at the same time, mTCNS improved in group I in comparison with group II with P = 0.01, 0.001, and &lt;0.001 at months 1, 3, and 6, respectively.ConclusionsPerineural PRP injection is an effective therapy for alleviation of diabetic neuropathy pain and numbness and enhancement of peripheral nerve function.
Enemy or Ally? Elites, Base Relations, and Partisanship in America
Authors: Kane John V 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA wealth of research demonstrates that partisans dismiss information that challenges their attitudes toward political elites, especially when citizens are aware of these elites’ party membership. Relatively little is known, however, about the conditions under which partisans will adjust their support for such elites. Drawing upon research on the group-foundations of partisanship, I hypothesize that, issues and policy stances aside, partisans’ support for, and willingness to compromise with, a given elite is contingent upon how well the elite relates to the groups associated with his or her party (i.e., the party’s “base”). In short, partisans should be inclined to exhibit greater political support for, and greater willingness to compromise with, the enemy of their socio-political enemies, but less support for the enemy of their socio-political allies. Findings from survey experiments and observational analyses involving real-world executives offer strong empirical support for these contentions. Thus, while acknowledging the powerful effects of cues involving elites’ party labels, this study reveals that “base relations” cues can potentially counteract the motivated reasoning processes that arise from partisans’ attentiveness to party cues alone. Such effects should be observed, I argue, precisely because base relations cue an elite’s fidelity to the very groups that endow the party label with its symbolic meaning. Therefore, more broadly, this study advances our understanding of polarization by demonstrating an important way in which politically aligned social groups underpin American partisanship and public opinion.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis in north Lebanon: re-emergence of an important neglected tropical disease
Authors: El Safadi Dima , Merhabi Sabah , Rafei Rayane , Mallat Hassan , Hamze Monzer , Acosta-Serrano Alvaro 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most prevalent neglected tropical disease among externally displaced people in the Middle East. In recent years, the Lebanese population has increased >30%, mainly due to a mass influx of Syrian migrants, thousands of them carrying CL, among other infectious diseases. Here we revisit the current CL prevalence among refugees in northern Lebanon.

Methods
This cohort study was conducted at the Al Bashaer Medical Center in north Lebanon between January and June 2017. A total of 48 randomly selected suspected CL patients were clinically diagnosed by dermatologists and samples were obtained for microscopic examination and molecular identification by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. The treatment response to antimonials was assessed each week and was followed for up 6 months.

Results
Leishmania tropica was the predominant species (91.7%) followed by Leishmania major (8.3%). Confirmed cases were treated with one to two courses of antimonials and healing was usually achieved after receiving a second course of treatment. Importantly, we show evidence of possible local CL transmission by indigenous sandflies in three separate patients who had no history of recent travel to Syria.

Conclusions
This highlights the urgent necessity to implement preventive disease strategies to avoid further dispersion of L. tropica CL in north Lebanon.
A pretectal command system controls hunting behaviour
Authors: Antinucci Paride , Folgueira Mónica , Bianco Isaac H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFor many species, hunting is an innate behaviour that is crucial for survival, yet the circuits that control predatory action sequences are poorly understood. We used larval zebrafish to identify a command system that controls hunting. By combining calcium imaging with a virtual hunting assay, we identified a discrete pretectal region that is selectively active when animals initiate hunting. Targeted genetic labelling allowed us to examine the function and morphology of individual cells and identify two classes of pretectal neuron that project to ipsilateral optic tectum or the contralateral tegmentum. Optogenetic stimulation of single neurons of either class was able to induce sustained hunting sequences, in the absence of prey. Furthermore, laser ablation of these neurons impaired prey-catching and prevented induction of hunting by optogenetic stimulation of the anterior-ventral tectum. In sum, we define a specific population of pretectal neurons that functions as a command system to drive predatory behaviour.Key findingsPretectal neurons are recruited during hunting initiationOptogenetic stimulation of single pretectal neurons can induce predatory behaviourAblation of pretectal neurons impairs huntingPretectal cells comprise a command system controlling hunting behaviour
Compromised function of the ESCRT pathway promotes endolysosomal escape of tau seeds and propagation of tau aggregation
Authors: Chen John J. , Nathaniel Diane L. , Raghavan Preethi , Nelson Maxine , Tian Ruilin , Tse Eric , Hong Jason Y. , See Stephanie K. , Mok Sue-Ann , Hein Marco Y. , Southworth Daniel R. , Grinberg Lea T. , Gestwicki Jason E. , Leonetti Manuel D. , Kampmann Martin 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIntercellular propagation of protein aggregation is emerging as a key mechanism in the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s Disease and frontotemporal dementia. However, we lack a systematic understanding of the cellular path-ways controlling prion-like propagation. To uncover such pathways, we performed CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) screens in a human cell-based model of propagation of tau aggregation. Our screens uncovered that knockdown of several components of the ESCRT machinery, including CHMP6, or CHMP2A in combination with CHMP2B (a gene linked to familial fronto-temporal dementia), promote propagation of tau aggregation. We found that knockdown of these genes caused damage to endolysosomal membranes, consistent with a role for the ESCRT pathway in endolysosomal membrane repair. Leakiness of the endolysosomal compartment significantly enhanced prion-like propagation of tau aggregation, likely by making tau seeds more available to pools of cytoplasmic tau. Together, these findings suggest that endolysosomal escape is a critical step in tau propagation.
Molecular basis of EMRE-dependence of the human mitochondrial calcium uniporter
Authors: MacEwen Melissa J.S. , Markhard Andrew L. , Bozbeyoglu Mert , Bradford Forrest , Goldberger Olga , Mootha Vamsi K. , Sancak Yasemin 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe mitochondrial uniporter is calcium-activated calcium channel complex critical for cellular signaling and bioenergetics. MCU, the pore-forming subunit of the uniporter, contains two transmembrane domains and is found in all major eukaryotic taxa. In amoeba and fungi, MCU homologs are sufficient to form a functional calcium channel, whereas human MCU exhibits a strict requirement for the metazoan-specific, single-pass transmembrane protein EMRE for conductance. Here, we exploit this evolutionary divergence to decipher the molecular basis of the human MCU’s dependence on EMRE. By systematically generating chimeric proteins that consist of EMRE-independentD. discoideumMCU (DdMCU) andH. sapiensMCU (HsMCU), we converged on a stretch of 10 amino acids in DdMCU that can be transplanted to HsMCU to render it EMRE-dependent. We call this region in human MCU the EMRE-dependence domain (EDD). Crosslinking experiments show that HsEMRE directly interacts with MCU at both of its transmembrane domains as well as the EDD. Based on previously published structures of fungal MCU homologs, the EDD segment is located distal to the calcium pore’s selectivity filter and appears flexible. We propose that EMRE stabilizes EDD of MCU, permitting both channel opening and calcium conductance