bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies of novel melt-derived Nb-substituted 45S5 bioglass reveal its enhanced bioactive properties for bone healing
Authors: Souza Lucas , Lopes João Henrique , Encarnação Davi , Mazali Italo Odone , Martin Richard Alan , Camilli José Angelo , Bertran Celso Aparecido 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe present work presents and discusses the results of a comprehensive study on the bioactive properties of Nb-substituted silicate glass derived from 45S5 bioglass. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed. We undertook three different types of in vitro analyses: (i) investigation of the kinetics of chemical reactivity and the bioactivity of Nb-substituted glass in simulated body fluid (SBF) by 31P MASNMR spectroscopy, (ii) determination of ionic leaching profiles in buffered solution by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and (iii) assessment of the compatibility and osteogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) treated with dissolution products of different compositions of Nb-substituted glass. The results revealed that Nb-substituted glass is not toxic to hESCs. Moreover, adding up to 1.3 mol% of Nb2O5 to 45S5 bioglass significantly enhanced its osteogenic capacity. For the in vivo experiments, trial glass rods were implanted into circular defects in rat tibia in order to evaluate their biocompatibility and bioactivity. Results showed all Nb-containing glass was biocompatible and that the addition of 1.3 mol% of Nb2O5, replacing phosphorous, increases the osteostimulation of bioglass. Therefore, these results support the assertion that Nb-substituted glass is suitable for biomedical applications.
Augmented antibiotic resistance associated with cadmium induced alterations in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi
Authors: Kaur Ujjwal Jit , Preet Simran , Rishi Praveen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn view of the reports on co-selection of metal and antibiotic resistance, recently we have reported that increased cadmium accumulation in Salmonella Typhi Ty2 leads to increased antibiotic resistance. In continuation, the present study was carried to substantiate this association in clinical isolates. Interestingly, the levels of cadmium were found to be more in the clinical isolates which co-related with their antibiotic sensitivity/resistance pattern. On cadmium accumulation, antibiotic(s) sensitive isolates were rendered resistant and the resistant isolates were rendered more resistant as per their minimum inhibitory concentration(s). Further, after subjecting the pathogen to cadmium accumulation, alterations occurring in the cells were assessed. Transgenerational cadmium exposure led to changes in growth response, morphology, proteome, elevated antioxidants other than SOD, increased biofilm formation, decreased intracellular macrophage killing coupled with upregulation of genes encoding metallothionein and metal transporters. Thus, these results indicate that cadmium, if acquired from the environment, being non-degradable can exert a long-lasting selective pressure on Salmonella in the host which may display antibiotic resistance later on, as a result of co-selection. Therefore, appropriate strategies need to be developed to inhibit such an enduring pressure of heavy metals, as these represent one of the factors for the emerging antibiotic resistance in pathogens.
Zika virus impairs the development of blood vessels in a mouse model of congenital infection
Authors: Garcez P. P. , Stolp H. B. , Sravanam S. , Christoff R. R. , Ferreira J. C. C. G. , Dias A. A. , Pezzuto P. , Higa L. M. , Barbeito-Andrés J. , Ferreira R. O. , Andrade C. B V. , Siqueira M. , Santos T. M. P. , Drumond J. , Hoerder-Suabedissen A. , de Lima C. V. F. , Tovar-Moll F. , Lopes R. T. , Fragel-Madeira L. , Lent R. , Ortiga-Carvalho T. M. , Stipursky J. , Bellio M. , Tanuri A. , Molnár Z. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is associated with brain development abnormalities such as primary microcephaly, a severe reduction in brain growth. Here we demonstrated in vivo the impact of congenital ZIKV infection in blood vessel development, a crucial step in organogenesis. ZIKV was injected intravenously in the pregnant type 2 interferon (IFN)-deficient mouse at embryonic day (E) 12.5. The embryos were collected at E15.5 and postnatal day (P)2. Immunohistochemistry for cortical progenitors and neuronal markers at E15.5 showed the reduction of both populations as a result of ZIKV infection. Using confocal 3D imaging, we found that ZIKV infected brain sections displayed a reduction in the vasculature density and vessel branching compared to mocks at E15.5; altogether, cortical vessels presented a comparatively immature pattern in the infected tissue. These impaired vascular patterns were also apparent in the placenta and retina. Moreover, proteomic analysis has shown that angiogenesis proteins are deregulated in the infected brains compared to controls. At P2, the cortical size and brain weight were reduced in comparison to mock-infected animals. In sum, our results indicate that ZIKV impairs angiogenesis in addition to neurogenesis during development. The vasculature defects represent a limitation for general brain growth but also could regulate neurogenesis directly.
New contribution to the morphology and molecular mechanism of Euplotes encysticus encystment
Authors: Chen Fenfen , Xue Yanyan , Pan Nan , Bhatti Muhammad Zeeshan , Niu Tao , Chen Jiwu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCiliated protists are a large group of single-cell eukaryotes, leading to the resting cysts in unfavorable environmental condition. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of encystment in the free-living ciliates is poorly understood. Here we show that the resting cysts are better than the vegetative cells of Euplotes encysticus in adverse survivor with respect to energy metabolism. Therefore scale identification of encystment-related proteins in Euplotes encysticus was investigated by iTRAQ analysis. We analyzed a total of 130 proteins, in which 19 proteins involving 12 upregulated and 7 downregulated proteins were associated with encystment in the resting cysts in comparison with the vegetative cells. Moreover, direct fluorescent labeling analysis showed that the vegetative cells treated with shRNA-β-tubulin recombinant E. coli accumulated a large number of granular materials, and dramatic cell morphology changes. Importantly, the cell membrane rupture phenomenon was observed after three weeks of shRNA-β-tubulin interference as compared to the control group. These results revealed that different proteins might play an important role in the process of the vegetative cells into the resting cysts. These results will help to reveal the morphological changes and molecular mechanism of resting cyst formation of ciliates.
Endothelial function as predictor in patients with coronary syndrome treated by percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Cheng Xiaofeng , He Yun , Fan Huaping , Liu Ting , Pan Wenxu , Wang Ke , Jin Jun 
Published: August 2018

We aimed at identifying the predictive role of endothelial function assessed by the RH-PAT index (RHI) for future major cardiovascular events (MACEs) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We measured RHI in 308 subjects with ACS, and they were divided into the normal endothelial function (NEF) group and the endothelial dysfunction (DEF) group according to the RHI. The subjects were followed up for a mean of 16 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 14–20 months) after PCI treatment, and their MACEs were also recorded. Cumulative incidence curves were constructed for time-to-event variables with Kaplan–Meier estimates and compared using the log-rank test. The overall incidence of MACEs was 25.39% in the DEF group and 15.96% in the NEF group (P&lt;0.05). Kaplan–Meier analysis also demonstrated a significantly higher probability of MACEs in the DEF group than in the NEF group (log-rank test: P&lt;0.05). Multivariate Cox hazard analysis identified RHI (Model 2, adjusted by blood pressure, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.425; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.198–0.914; P=0.029) and SYNTAX score (HR: 1.043; 95% CI: 1.019–1.067; P&lt;0.001) as independent predictors of future MACEs after PCI treatment in ACS patients. Endothelial function measured by reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT) is impaired in ACS subjects treated with PCI. The RHI was an independent predictor of MACEs, suggesting that RHI may be useful as a candidate biomarker in the risk stratification of patients with ACS after PCI treatment.
Der nicht traumatologische Schockraumpatient
Authors: Gässler Holger , Helm Matthias , Lampl Lorenz , Kulla Martin 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Nutzung des Schockraums dient der schnellstmöglichen Diagnostik und Einleitung der Therapie bei vermuteter oder gesicherter akuter Lebensgefahr. Aufgrund der dort vorhandenen Infrastruktur liegen hier die bestmöglichen Bedingungen zur Versorgung vor. Dies gilt auch für nicht traumatologische Patienten, für die allerdings bislang keine gemeinsame Empfehlung der Fachgesellschaften existiert.
Computed Tomography and Biomechanical Comparison between Trans-Articular Screw Fixation and 2 Polymethylmethacrylate Cemented Constructs for Ventral Atlantoaxial Stabilization
Authors: Moens Noël , Gaitero Luis , zur Linden Alex , James Fiona , Monteith Gabrielle , Runciman Robert , Leblond Guillaume 
Published: August 2018

Objectives Canine ventral atlantoaxial stabilization methods have been constantly evolving over the past few decades. Yet, proper experimental data comparing the feasibility and biomechanical properties of currently available surgical options are lacking. The aims of this study were (1) to describe and compare the safety profiles and biomechanical properties of three ventral atlantoaxial stabilization methods; and (2) to test whether recently reported optimal implant definitions constitute reasonable guidelines.
Methods Three types of atlantoaxial stabilization including trans-articular screw fixation (TSF) and two cemented constructs (MI5 and MI6) were performed in 21 Beagle cadavers. Post-surgical computed tomography (CT) images of the constructs and biomechanical data were then generated and statistically analysed.
Results The CT data revealed that TSF achieved significantly better apposition than cemented constructs. Out of 91 screws positioned, 4.4% were graded as dangerous and 86.8% as optimal. Optimal positioning was most challenging to obtain for mono-cortical screws. Analysis of biomechanical data suggested that all three techniques could likely achieve similar rates of atlantoaxial fusion when submitted to physiological loads but also that cemented constructs were less prone to failure compared with TSF.
Clinical Significance This study provides evidence that all three techniques are technically feasible and biomechanically viable but also that the evaluated surgical guidelines could be improved.
New Media, Technology and Neurology Education
Authors: Lakhan Shaheen , Achike Francis , Lau K.H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe use of technology in neurology education has revolutionized many aspects of medical teaching, addressing some important challenges of modern education such as information overload and the unique needs of millennial learners. However, it also has inherent problems, such as depersonalization and high development costs. Due to the heterogeneity of different applications, it is difficult to establish general principles to guide front line educators, but it may be possible to describe “minimum” best practice elements. In this article, we examine commonalities of some of the most successful uses of technology in neurology education. We suggest the following for effective application of technology: (1) match technology to predetermined educational objectives, (2) characterize learners in relationship to technology, (3) optimize how technological components fit into the learning environment, (4) monitor and manage learner engagement with technology, (5) perform cost analyses, and (6) explore opportunities for educational scholarship and research.
Promoting Careers in Neurology: Mentorship of Medical Students
Authors: Zuzuarregui José-Rafael , Wu Connie , Hohler Anna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractResearch in neurological disorders is expanding at a phenomenal pace, and the need for neurologists is increasing as the population ages. This results in a critical requirement for medical students entering the neurology pipeline. Mentoring, whether formal or informal, ensures that students are inspired and supported to enter the field of neurology. Students should also receive structured mentoring throughout their longitudinal curriculum. Informal mentoring programs enable expanded opportunities for collaborations in education, research, and outreach. Faculty, residents, fellow medical students, and other health professionals all participate in medical student mentoring. Each relationship offers unique aspects to individual growth and development. Specific programmatic guidance and mentoring qualities are presented in this paper.
Phacomatosis Pigmentokeratotica
Authors: Strano Serena , Polizzi Agata , Ruggieri Martino , Garozzo Maria , Mendola Flavia , Marino Simona , Pirrone Concetta , Zanghì Antonio , Lacarrubba Francesco , Micali Giuseppe , Schepis Carmelo , Praticò Elena , Praticò Andrea 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the group of the epidermal nevus syndromes, Happle defined in 1996 a separate entity characterized by the presence of an organoid epidermal nevus, sometimes showing sebaceous differentiation, and a speckled lentiginous nevus of the papular type, occasionally associated with extracutaneous anomalies including neurological, ophthalmological, and skeletal abnormalities. In particular, the syndrome is associated with mental retardation, epilepsy, deafness, hemiatrophy, dysesthesia, and hyperhidrosis, strabismus, lipodermoid of conjunctiva, coloboma and ptosis, and kyphosis, scoliosis, limb asymmetry, and hypertrophy. Rarely, hypertension, vascular abnormalities, atrioventricular block, hypophosphatemic rickets, and pheochromocytoma may occur. The organoid nevus follows the lines of Blaschko whereas the speckled lentiginous nevus is arranged in a checkerboard pattern. For this syndrome, the term “Phacomatosis Pigmentokeratotica” has been coined and, at the present, it is considered a very rare clinical entity, with less than 20 cases reported in the literature. Recent genetic findings have included this syndrome in the group of the mosaic RASopathies, after the discovery of mutations in the HRAS gene occurring in both sebaceous and vascular nevi, but not in nonaffected tissues.
Phacomatosis Pigmentovascularis
Authors: Strano Serena , Polizzi Agata , Garozzo Maria , Pirrone Concetta , Zanghì Antonio , Schepis Carmelo , Lacarrubba Francesco , Dinotta Franco , Salafia Stefania , Ruggieri Martino , Micali Giuseppe , Praticò Andrea 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe coexistence of a widespread vascular nevus and an extensive pigmentary nevus is defined as “phacomatosis pigmentovascularis” (PPV). More than 250 (sporadic) cases of PPV have been so far reported, mainly in Asian or Asian-related populations: mutations in genes related to angiogenic pathways (RAS, MAPK, mTOR, PI3K/AKT, and GNAQ) have been recently identified as the causes of this complex phenotype. In many cases, mutations in two different genes may coexist, representing the classical example of “twin spotting” phenomenon. PPV is usually associated with several extracutaneous anomalies including ocular manifestations (melanosis bulbi, glaucoma, iris mammillations, megalocornea, buphthalmos, strabismus, and hyperpigmentation of the conjunctiva, sclera, episclera, iris, trabecular meshwork, and choroid) and musculoskeletal alterations (limb hypertrophy, Klippel–Trenaunay type abnormalities, hemifacial hypertrophy, hemicorporal hypertrophy, macrocephaly, microcephaly, and scoliosis). Central nervous system anomalies have been reported in most of the patients and include seizure, cognitive delay, cerebral atrophy, hydrocephalus, sensorineural deafness, and intracranial hypertension, as well as migraine, pseudotumor cerebri, and intracerebral vascular malformations. More rarely, PPV has been associated with structural and/or vascular renal anomalies, hepatosplenomegaly, pyogenic granuloma, cavernous hemangioma, portal hypertension, umbilical hernia, hypoplasia of leg veins, and hypo- or hyperactivity of the immune system.
Ischemic Complications after Liver Transplantation
Authors: Montenovo Martin , Ingraham Christopher 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite major advances in the field of liver transplantation over the past few decades with both increased graft and patient survival, biliary complications still occur in many patients after liver transplantation. Complications can range from a biliary leak or biloma to strictures most commonly involving the surgical anastomosis, or elsewhere in the biliary tree. Etiologies of these complications include surgical technique, rejection, complications secondary to infection, and vascular complications causing ischemia of the bile ducts. Biliary complications, particularly biliary ischemia, can cause significant morbidity to the patient, and may require multiple endoscopic, endovascular, or percutaneous therapies for successful treatment, or even retransplantation in severe cases. This review will provide an overview of common biliary complications with a focus on biliary ischemia.
Endovascular Treatment of a Giant Dissecting Aneurysm in an Infant
Authors: Gatto Luana , Barro Adriel , Tacla Rafaella , Demartini Zeferino , Koppe Gelson 
Published: August 2018

Introduction The incidence of intracranial aneurysms in the pediatric population is low, and endovascular treatment is becoming a safe and minimally invasive treatment option. In the present study, the occurrence of special features of cerebral aneurysm in children, in comparison to adults, is also described.
Case Report A 3-month-old female infant presented with progressive proptosis and divergent strabismus at the right eye, in addition to inconsolable crying. Cerebral resonance, angiotomography and angiography exams demonstrated angiodysplasia in the right internal carotid artery with two large paraclinoid dissecting aneurysms with wide neck. The right internal carotid artery was occluded with coils by endovascular approach, without detriment to the perfusion of the ipsilateral hemisphere and without neurological deficits. The patient achieved good recovery, and a late control angiotomography confirmed the exclusion of the aneurysms.
Conclusion Parent artery sacrifice via endovascular approach is an effective therapeutic option, but a long-term follow-up is necessary to avoid recurrence and bleeding.
Middle Aortic Syndrome: Pathogenesis, Visceral Manifestations, and Management
Authors: Morray Brian , Zhao Yongdong , Smith Caitlin , Monroe Eric 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMiddle aortic syndrome (MAS) is characterized by severe narrowing of the abdominal aorta, frequently involving the great abdominal vessels. Although increasingly implicated in primary hypertension, up to one-third of cases affect the mesenteric vasculature, and the resultant manifestations may be underrecognized. Early intervention with interdisciplinary medical management and invasive arterial reconstruction affords preservation of end-organ function and improvement in patient survival. This article reviews the embryology of the thoracoabdominal aorta and major abdominal arteries, as well as the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management of the nonatherosclerotic abdominal coarctation otherwise known as MAS.
Mortalidad intrahospitalaria en adultos mayores chilenos con fractura de cadera: incidencia, causas y otros elementos de interés
Authors: Dinamarca Montecinos José , Améstica Lazcano Gedeón , Carrasco Buvinic Alejandro 
Published: August 2018

Introducción Las fracturas de cadera (FC) presentan alta mortalidad. Existen escasos estudios que profundizan en la mortalidad intrahospitalaria (MIH) asociada.
Objetivo Describir MIH en pacientes ≥ 60 años con FC.
Materiales y Métodos Corte transversal, descriptivo y analítico, monocéntrico, de colección completa. Fueron evaluados 647 sujetos, de ambos géneros, ingresados con FC entre 01.01.2010 y 31.12.2012, agrupándolos en fallecidos y egresados vivos. Se registró fallecimientos, género, edad, ubicación anatómica, tipo de traumatismo, lugar de ocurrencia de FC, tiempo fractura-fallecimiento, tiempo de estancia hospitalaria, porcentaje de operados, diagnósticos asociados a FC, diagnóstico de fallecimiento, comorbilidad asociada al diagnóstico de fallecimiento y lugar de fallecimiento. Datos en planilla ortogeriátrica, análisis descriptivo.
Resultados MIH = 3,09%. Edad promedio 84 años. Los diagnósticos de fallecimiento más importantes fueron infecciones (40%) y enfermedad tromboembólica (15%). El 80% presentó comorbilidad crónica relacionada con la causa de fallecimiento. Sin diferencias significativas según edad, género, ubicación anatómica de la FC, lugar de ocurrencia de la FC, tiempo de estancia hospitalaria. Hubo diferencias significativas en cantidad de no operados, mayor en el grupo con MIH (p < 0.000), esperable por sesgo de selección. Es deseable identificar precozmente los sujetos con FC que presentan alto riesgo de MIH. Esto, para definir manejo conservador, optimizar calidad de vida y recursos hospitalarios.
Principios quirúrgicos y biomecánicos de los métodos de fijación actual en el tratamiento de fracturas de Hoffa
Authors: Colmenares Sandoval Oscar , Carredano González Xabier , Díaz Allende Pedro , López Morales Mario , Donoso Martínez Rodrigo , O'Connell Godoy Luis , Figueroa Poblete David 
Published: August 2018

ResumenLas fracturas de los cóndilos femorales en el plano coronal (Hoffa), son lesiones que afectan directamente la biomecánica de la rodilla. Están expuestas a un factor intrínseco de inestabilidad causado por el compromiso de los ligamentos y tendones insertados al fragmento condilar fracturado y a un factor extrínseco de inestabilidad dependiente del estrés mecánico en varo/valgo durante la fase de apoyo de la marcha y movimientos de flexo-extensión. El tratamiento quirúrgico con tornillos canulados sólo permite la compresión interfragmentaria y cierto grado de estabilidad rotacional, sin embargo, ese tipo de fijación podría no ser suficiente para soportar o neutralizar las cargas. Distintos autores han publicado otros métodos de osteosíntesis con el uso de placas en el plano lateral o posterior más la colocación de tornillos en sentido postero-anterior, pero siguen siendo opciones controversiales debido al tipo de morbilidad inherente a cada constructo. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión de la literatura para analizar la validez de los principios quirúrgicos y biomecánicos en el tratamiento de fracturas tipo hoffa.
Designing policy robustness: outputs and processes
Authors: Capano Giliberto , Woo Jun Jie 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTFaced with growing policy complexity and environmental uncertainty, policymakers are increasingly concerned with ensuring that policy processes retain functionality amidst shock and uncertainty. In this paper, we seek to address the ways in which robustness – or the capability of policies to maintain functionality and effectiveness in policy goal attainment – can be designed into policies, institutions or systems. We suggest that robust policy designs can be characterized by diversity, modularity and redundancy, whereas robust policy design processes require the presence of polycentric decisional process, political capacity and technical capacity. In identifying these design elements of policy robustness, we argue that robustness is a property that can be designed to ensure that policies continue to deliver, over time, its intended functions, purposes and objectives, even under negative circumstances.