bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effect of self‐cutting and nonself‐cutting thread designed implant with different thread depth on variable insertion torques: An histomorphometric analysis in rabbits
Authors: Muktadar Anand Kumar , Gangaiah Makam , Chrcanovic Bruno Ramos , Chowdhary Ramesh 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate of the effect of self‐cutting and nonself‐cutting thread designed implant with different thread depth on variable insertion torques. To evaluate the bone volume (BV) and bone to implant contact (BIC) in these variablesMaterials and MethodsMainly two thread design, V‐shaped thread which is self‐cutting and power thread design, which is nonself‐cutting implants were considered for this study with a variation in thread depth of 0.4 and 0.6 mm for both the designs, respectively. A total of 32 CAD designed machined surface implant prototypes were manufactured of 4 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length were made, which were machined surfaced, which was placed in the femur of 16 New Zealand white rabbits. These were categorized under 2 groups; Group 1 and Group 2 with insertion torques of <30 and >50 Ncm, respectively. After 4 weeks of healing, rabbits were sacrificed and histomophometric and histologic analyses were done to evaluate the bone response.ResultsSignificantly, more BIC was recorded for high torque implants compared with low torque in power‐shaped thread design (P value = .01*). BV for new bone formation was statistically significant for V‐shaped thread design in high torque when compared with low torque (P value = .02*).ConclusionThe effect of the depth of the thread design was significant for the power‐shaped design in enhancing BIC when compared with V‐shaped thread design. With high torque V‐shaped thread design had more new bone formation as compared with power‐shaped thread design.
Prognostic utility of MELD‐XI in adult congenital heart disease patients undergoing cardiac transplantation
Authors: Adams Evan D. , Jackson Nicholas J. , Young Tim , DePasquale Eugene C. , Reardon Leigh C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundModel of End‐Stage Liver Disease eXcluding INR (MELD‐XI) at cardiac transplant has demonstrated prognostic survival utility, but has not been specifically validated in adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) in a registry study.MethodsAdults undergoing first‐time orthotopic heart transplant from 2005 to 2015 in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry were examined in parallel: ACHD (n = 543), ischemic‐dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM, n = 6954) and valvular heart disease (VHD, n = 355). Our primary endpoint was a composite of death, graft failure, and retransplantation assessed at 3 months (early), and those with freedom from early endpoint were reassessed at 5 years (late). Interactions between hepatorenal indices and waitlist time were examined. Secondary outcomes relating to long‐term morbidity were assessed at late endpoint. Freedom from endpoint analysis in ACHD at clinically relevant endpoints was also conducted.ResultsModel of End‐Stage Liver Disease eXcluding INR score at transplant associated with an increased risk of early endpoint in all cohorts. At late endpoint, bilirubin level associated with increased risk uniquely in ACHD.ConclusionsModel of End‐Stage Liver Disease eXcluding INR holds prognostic application to ACHD in early time points and demonstrates unique waitlist interactions. Transplant bilirubin level may hold significance in long‐term risk stratification of the ACHD population. Time on waitlist is an important consideration to contextualize these values.
How to fit the distribution of apex scavengers into land‐abandonment scenarios? The Cinereous vulture in the Mediterranean biome
Authors: García‐Barón Isabel , Cortés‐Avizanda Ainara , Verburg Peter H. , Marques Tiago A. , Moreno‐Opo Rubén , Pereira Henrique M. , Donázar José A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimFarmland abandonment or “ecological rewilding” shapes species distribution and ecological process ultimately affecting the biodiversity and functionality of ecosystems. Land abandonment predictions based on alternative future socioeconomic scenarios allow foretell the future of biota in Europe. From here, we predict how these forecasts may affect large‐scale distribution of the Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus), an apex scavenger closely linked to Mediterranean agro‐grazing systems.LocationIberian Peninsula.MethodsFirstly, we modelled nest‐site and foraging habitat selection in relation to variables quantifying physiography, trophic resources and human disturbance. Secondly, we evaluate to what extent land abandonment may affect the life traits of the species and finally we determined how potential future distribution of the species would vary according to asymmetric socioeconomic land‐abandonment predictions for year 2040.ResultsCinereous vultures selected breeding areas with steep slopes and low human presence whereas foraging areas are characterized by high abundance of European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and wild ungulates. Liberalization of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) could potentially transform positively 66% of the current nesting habitat, favouring the recovery of mature forest. Contrarily, land abandonment would negatively affect the 63% of the current foraging habitat reducing the availability of preferred food resources (wild European rabbit). On the other hand, the maintenance of the CAP would determine lower frequencies (24%–22%) of nesting and foraging habitat change.Main conclusionsLand abandonment may result into opposite effects on the focal species because of the increase in nesting habitats and wild ungulates populations and, on the other hand, lower availability of open areas with poorer densities of European rabbits. Land‐abandonment models’ scenarios are still coarse‐grained; the apparition of new human uses in natural areas may take place at small‐sized and medium‐sized scales, ultimately adding complexity to the prediction on the future of biota and ecosystems.
Additional chromoendoscopy for colorectal lesions initially diagnosed with low confidence by magnifying narrow‐band imaging: Can it improve diagnostic accuracy?
Authors: Utsumi Takahiro , Iwatate Mineo , Sunakawa Hironori , Teramoto Akira , Hirata Daizen , Hattori Santa , Sano Wataru , Hasuike Noriaki , Ichikawa Kazuhito , Fujimori Takahiro , Sano Yasushi 
Published: April 2018

Background and AimMagnifying chromoendoscopy has been one of the most reliable diagnostic methods for distinguishing neoplastic from non‐neoplastic lesions. The aim of this prospective study was to clarify the clinical usefulness of magnifying chromoendoscopy for colorectal polyps initially diagnosed with low confidence (LC) by magnifying narrow‐band imaging (NBI).MethodsConsecutive adult patients who underwent total colonoscopic examination with magnifying NBI between July and December 2016 at Sano Hospital were prospectively recruited. Endoscopists were asked to carry out additional magnifying chromoendoscopy for cases that had been initially diagnosed as Japan NBI Expert Team (JNET) Type 1 or 2A with LC by magnifying NBI. We investigated the diagnostic performance of magnifying NBI for polyps diagnosed as JNET Type 1 or 2A with LC (first phase) and that of subsequent magnifying chromoendoscopy (second phase) in differentiating neoplasia from non‐neoplasia.ResultsIn 50 patients, we analyzed 53 polyps classified as JNET Type 1 or 2A with LC prediction. Accuracy and negative predictive value of magnifying NBI (first phase) were 58.5% (95% CI, 44.1–71.9%) and 66.0% (95% CI, 36.6–77.9%), and those of magnifying chromoendoscopy (second phase) were 66.0% (95% CI, 51.7–78.5%) and 61.1% (95% CI, 43.5–76.9%), respectively.ConclusionRegardless of the findings of additional chromoendoscopy, all polyps should be resected and submitted for histopathological examination when the confidence level in differentiating adenomatous from hyperplastic polyps by magnifying NBI is low.
The effectiveness of a group self‐management education course for adults with poorly controlled epilepsy, SMILE (UK): A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ridsdale Leone , Wojewodka Gabriella , Robinson Emily J. , Noble Adam J. , Morgan Myfanwy , Taylor Stephanie J. C. , McCrone Paul , Richardson Mark P. , Baker Gus , Landau Sabine , Goldstein Laura H. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryObjectiveEpilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions affecting about 1% of adults. Up to 40% of people with epilepsy (PWE) report recurring seizures while on medication. And optimal functioning requires good self‐management. Our objective was to evaluate a group self‐management education courses for people with epilepsy and drug‐resistant seizures by means of a multicenter, pragmatic, parallel group, randomized controlled trial.MethodsWe recruited adults with epilepsy, having ≥2 seizures in the prior 12 months, from specialist clinics. Consenting participants were randomized 1:1 to a group course or treatment as usual. The primary outcome measure was quality of life 12 months after randomization using Quality of Life 31‐P (QOLIE‐31‐P). Secondary outcome measures were seizure frequency and recency, psychological distress, impact and stigma of epilepsy, self‐mastery, medication adherence, and adverse effects. Analysis of outcomes followed the intention‐to‐treat principle using mixed‐effects regression models.ResultsWe enrolled 404 participants (intervention: n = 205, control: n = 199) with 331 (82%) completing 12‐month follow‐up (intervention: n = 163, control: n = 168). Mean age was 41.7 years, ranging from 16 to 85, 54% were female and 75% were white. From the intervention arm, 73.7% attended all or some of the course. At 12‐month follow‐up, there were no statistically significant differences between trial arms in QOLIE‐31‐P (intervention mean: 67.4, standard deviation [SD]: 13.5; control mean: 69.5, SD 14.8) or in secondary outcome measures.SignificanceThis is the first pragmatic trial of group education for people with poorly controlled epilepsy. Recruitment, course attendance, and follow‐up rates were higher than expected. The results show that the primary outcome and quality of life did not differ between the trial arms after 12 months. We found a high prevalence of felt‐stigma and psychological distress in this group of people with drug‐resistant seizures. To address this, social and psychological interventions require evaluation, and may be necessary before or alongside self‐management‐education courses.
Cannabis and anticancer drugs: societal usage and expected pharmacological interactions – a review
Authors: Bouquié Régis , Deslandes Guillaume , Mazaré Hélène , Cogné Marion , Mahé Julien , Grégoire Matthieu , Jolliet Pascale 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCannabis is a plant that has been used for centuries to relieve a wide range of symptoms. Since the 1960s, interest in medical research into this plant has grown steadily. Already very popular for recreational use, a growing number of consumers not accustomed to using cannabis for psychoactive purposes have begun to use it as an alternative or complement to mainstream pharmaceutical medicines. The principal unsubstantiated or ‘social’ uses of cannabis are based mainly on data that is at best controversial, but usually not scientifically proven. The aim of this review was to identify the scientific basis and reasons that lead patients with cancer to consume cannabis, and also to identify whether there is a risk of interaction between cannabis and anticancer medicines through drug transporters (P‐glycoprotein and other ATP‐binding cassette superfamily members) Cytochromes P450 (3A, 1A, 2B, 2C, 2D families…) and glucuronyl transferases.
Recent advances in environmental flows science and water management—Innovation in the Anthropocene
Authors: Arthington Angela H. , Kennen Jonathan G. , Stein Eric D. , Webb J. Angus 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

The implementation of environmental flow regimes offers a promising means to protect and restore riverine, wetland and estuarine ecosystems, their critical environmental services and cultural/societal values.

This Special Issue expands the scope of environmental flows and water science in theory and practice, offering 20 papers from academics, agency researchers and non‐governmental organisations, each with fresh perspectives on the science and management of environmental water allocations.

Contributions confront the grand challenge for environmental flows and water management in the Anthropocene—the urgent need for innovations that will help to sustain the innate resilience of social–ecological systems under dynamic and uncertain environmental and societal futures.

Basin‐scale and regional assessments of flow requirements mark a necessary advance in environmental water science in the face of rapid changes in water‐resource management activities worldwide (e.g. increases in dams, diversions, retention and reuse). Techniques for regional‐scale hydrological and ecohydrological modelling support ecological risk assessment and identification of priority flow management and river restoration actions.

Changing flood–drought cycles, long‐term climatic shifts and associated effects on hydrological, thermal and water quality regimes add enormous uncertainty to the prediction of future ecological outcomes, regardless of environmental water allocations. An improved capacity to predict the trajectories of ecological change in rivers degraded by legacies of past impact interacting with current conditions and future climate change is essential. Otherwise, we risk unrealistic expectations from restoration of river and estuarine flow regimes.

A more robust, dynamic and predictive approach to environmental water science is emerging. It encourages the measurement of process rates (e.g. birth rate, colonisation rate) and species traits (e.g. physiological requirements, morphological adaptations) as well as ecosystem states (e.g. species richness, assemblage structure), as the variables representing ecological responses to flow variability and environmental water allocations. Another necessary development is the incorporation of other environmental variables such as water temperature and sedimentary processes in flow–ecological response models.

Based on contributions to this Special Issue, several recent compilations and the wider literature, we identify six major scientific challenges for further exploration, and seven themes for advancing the management of environmental water. We see the emerging frontier of environmental flows and water science as urgent and challenging, with numerous opportunities for reinvigorated science and methodological innovation in the expanding enterprise of environmental water linked to ecological sustainability and social well‐being.
“I was purchasing it; it wasn't given to me”: Food project patronage and the geography of dignity work
Authors: Bedore Melanie 
Published: April 2018

In response to food access challenges, local organisers are developing community food projects (CFPs) such as good food box programmes, mobile food vending, and non‐profit grocery stores, which (re)introduce affordable retail food options into under‐served communities. This paper explores the patronage of such retail‐based CFPs as dignity work. Whereas Jacobson (e.g., 2009a) elaborates a typology of social processes through which people undertake dignity promotion, this paper re‐examines such processes as personal politics of space. I argue that CFP patronage entails the strategic creation and destruction of physical and symbolic space in order to bring oneself in proximity to, or distance oneself from, morally un/desirable qualities and ways of being. Empirical evidence supporting this interpretation is drawn from mixed methods data collected from patrons and organisers of a Good Food Box programme in south‐eastern Ontario, Canada. The paper concludes with recommendations for supporting food projects’ role in protecting, promoting, and restoring their patrons’ dignity. It also encourages researchers to engage further with geographical imaginaries to theorise the spatiality of dignity work, building on its relevance to boundary processes, feminist care ethics, and “in the meantime” politics.
Usefulness of gastroduodenal biopsy in the differential diagnosis of systemic AH amyloidosis from systemic AL amyloidosis
Authors: Ichimata Shojiro , Kobayashi Mikiko , Shimojo Hisashi , Katoh Nagaaki , Yazaki Masahide , Kanno Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2018

AimsThe aim of this study is to examine the usefulness of gastroduodenal biopsy for the detection of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy‐chain amyloid deposition. Ig heavy‐chain amyloidosis (AH amyloidosis) is Ig‐related amyloidosis classified together with Ig light‐chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis). Compared with AL amyloidosis, patients with AH amyloidosis exhibit a better prognosis and they may not need an aggressive treatment. Thus, the accurate diagnosis is essential for management of Ig‐related amyloidosis patients. For the definite diagnosis of AH amyloidosis, biochemical analyses are usually needed. However, these analyses are not widely available. Therefore, the characteristic deposition pattern of AH amyloidosis in routine histopathological examination of biopsy specimens, such as gastrointestinal biopsy, if present, may help in the selection of cases for further biochemical analyses.Methods and resultsGastroduodenal biopsy specimens obtained from three cases of biochemically confirmed AH amyloidosis and 21 cases of immunohistochemically confirmed AL amyloidosis were examined, and the following distinctive histopathological features of AH amyloidosis were pointed out: (i) AH amyloid deposition was detectable with Congo red staining in the gastroduodenal biopsy specimens; and (ii) AH amyloid deposition was observed characteristically on the capillary wall of duodenal villi (dotted line‐like deposition in the villi), and this pattern was not observed in AL amyloidosis.ConclusionThese findings help to select cases for biochemical analyses for definite diagnosis of AH amyloidosis, and may lead to the accumulation of cases and improve our understanding of systemic AH amyloidosis.
The Changing Role of Financial Stress, Oil Price, and Gold Price in Financial Contagion among US and BRIC Markets
Authors: Kocaarslan Baris , Soytas Ugur , Sari Ramazan , Ugurlu Ecenur 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to explore the determining factors behind financial contagion between US and BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) equity markets. To this end, we investigate the effects of global macroeconomic factors on the time‐varying correlations among these markets obtained by asymmetric dynamic conditional correlation method. Utilizing quantile regression analysis, we examine the determinants of financial contagion at different levels of time‐varying correlations. The results of quantile regression analyses reveal that global financial crisis (GFC) (2008) leads to changes in the dependence structure between dynamic conditional correlations among equity markets and global macroeconomic factors, such as global financial stress, oil prices, and gold prices. Following the GFC, monetary, and fiscal policy changes in the BRIC markets and hence changing macroeconomic risks of these markets are conducive to these changes. Our findings also demonstrate the importance of cross‐market rebalancing channel for information transmission across US and BRIC markets.
A novel dazzling Eu3+‐doped whitlockite‐type phosphate red‐emitting phosphor for white light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Li Li , Tang Xiaohua , Zheng Yifei , Wu Zhaojie , Chang Wenxuan , Jiang Sha , Xiang Guotao , Zhou Xianju 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA series of novel red‐emitting Ca8ZnLa1−xEux(PO4)7 phosphors were successfully synthesized using the high‐temperature solid‐state reaction method. The crystal structure, photoluminescence spectra, thermal stability, and quantum efficiency of the phosphors were investigated as a function of Eu3+ concentration. Detailed analysis of their structural properties revealed that all the phosphors could be assigned as whitlockite‐type β‐Ca3(PO4)2 structures. Both the PL emission spectra and decay curves suggest that emission intensity is largely dependent on Eu3+ concentration, with no quenching as the Eu3+ concentration approaches 100%. A dominant red emission band centered at 611 nm indicates that Eu3+ occupies a low symmetry sites within the Ca8ZnLa(PO4)7 host lattice, which was confirm by Judd‐Ofelt theory. Ca8ZnLa1−xEux(PO4)7 phosphors exhibited good color coordinates (0.6516, 0.3480), high color purity (~96.3%), and high quantum efficiency (~78%). Temperature‐dependent emission spectra showed that the phosphors possessed good thermal stability. A white light‐emitting diode (LED) device were fabricated by integrating a mixture of obtained phosphors, commercial green‐emitting and blue‐emitting phosphors into a near‐ultraviolet LED chip. The fabricated white LED device emits glaring white light with high color rendering index (83.9) and proper correlated color temperature (5570 K). These results demonstrate that the Ca8ZnLa1−xEux(PO4)7 phosphors are a promising candidate for solid‐state lighting.
Novel Er3+/Ho3+‐codoped glass‐ceramic fibers for broadband tunable mid‐infrared fiber lasers
Authors: Kang Shiliang , Yu Hang , Ouyang Tianchang , Chen Qinpeng , Huang Xiongjian , Chen Zhi , Qiu Jianrong , Dong Guoping 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIt is well recognized that a widely wavelength‐tunable mid‐infrared (MIR) fiber laser plays an important role in the development of compact and efficient coherent sources in the MIR range. Herein, the optimizing Er/Ho ratio for enhancement of broadband tunable MIR emission covering 2.6‐2.95 μm in the Er3+/Ho3+‐codoped transparent borosilicate glass‐ceramic (GC) fibers containing NaYF4 nanocrystals under 980 nm excitation was investigated. Specifically, the obtained GC fibers with controllable crystallization and well fsd‐maintained structures were prepared by the novel melt‐in‐tube approach. Owing to the effective energy transfer between Er3+ and Ho3+ after crystallization, the 2.7 μm MIR emission was obviously enhanced and the emission region showed a notable extension from 2.6‐2.82 μm to 2.6‐2.95 μm after the addition of Ho3+. Importantly, we conducted a theoretical simulation and calculation related to the MIR laser performance, signifying that the GC fiber may be a promising candidate for MIR fiber laser. Furthermore, the melt‐in‐tube approach will provide a versatile strategy for the preparation of diverse optical functional GC fibers.