bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freshwater reservoir offsets on radiocarbon-dated dog bone from the headwaters of the St. Lawrence River, USA
Authors: Hart John P. , Feranec Robert S. , Abel Timothy J. , Vavrasek Jessica L. 
Published: June 2019

Isotopic analysis of dog (Canis lupus familiaris) bone recovered from archaeological sites as proxies for human bone is becoming common in North America. Chronological placement of the dogs is often determined through radiocarbon dating of dog bone. The Great Lakes, their tributaries, and nearby lakes and streams were important fisheries for Native Americans prior to and after sustained European presence in the region. Carbon entering the food web in freshwater systems is often not in full isotopic equilibrium with the atmosphere, giving rise to spuriously old radiocarbon ages in fish, other aquatic organisms, and their consumers. These freshwater reservoir offsets (FROs) have been noted on human and dog bone in several areas of the world. Here we report the results of multi-tracer Bayesian dietary modeling using δ15N and δ13C values on dog bone collagen from mid-fifteenth to mid-sixteenth-century Iroquoian village sites at the headwaters of the St. Lawrence River, New York, USA. Results indicate that fish was an important component of dog diets. A comparison of radiocarbon dates on dog bone with dates on deer bone or maize from the same sites indicate FROs ranging from 97 ± 24 to 220 ± 39 14Cyr with a weighted mean of 132 ± 8 14Cyr. These results suggest that dog bone should not be used for radiocarbon dating in the absence of modeling to determine fish consumption and that previously reported radiocarbon dates on human bone from the larger region are likely to have FROs given the known importance of fish in regional human diets.
Aspartyl Aminopeptidase Suppresses Proliferation, Invasion, and Stemness of Breast Cancer Cells via Targeting CD44
Authors: Geng Nanxi , Zhang Wenyu , Li Yang , Li Feng 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTAlthough involved in diverse cancer processes, the function of aspartyl aminopeptidase (DNPEP) in breast cancer remains elusive. Here, we reported that DNPEP is significantly downregulated in breast cancer tissues. Overexpression of DNPEP resulted in decreased breast cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion, while DNPEP knockdown had the opposite effect. Interestingly, we showed that the reduced DNPEP levels were correlated with the elevated cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) levels in breast cancer. DNPEP promoted CD44 ubiquitin‐proteasome‐independent degradation, which is dependent on the hydrolase activity of DNPEP. Ectopic DNPEP expression significantly suppressed the stemness properties of breast cancer cells. These results shed light on the prospect of DNPEP in manipulating breast cancer progression. Anat Rec, 302:2178–2185, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Single‐Molecule Magnetism in Three Dy2 Complexes from the Use of a Pentadentate Schiff Base Ligand and Different Benzoates
Authors: Ge Yu , Li Dawei , Wang Guoqing , Cui Yanfeng , Najib Muhammad Saleem , Li Yahong , Wang Bao‐Lin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThree dinuclear dysprosium(III) complexes, [Dy2L2(O2CPh)2]⋅2 MeOH (1), [Dy2L2{(2‐NO2)O2CPh}2] (2), and [Dy2L2{(2‐OH)O2CPh}2]⋅MeOH⋅MeCN (3) (H2L=N1,N3‐bis(4‐chlorosalicyladehyde)diethylenetriamine), have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Complexes 1–3 possess similar Ln2 cores and differ in substituents at the benzyl rings of benzoates. Direct current (dc) magnetic susceptibility studies in the 2–300 K range showed weak antiferromagnetic interactions between two dysprosium(III) ions in 1–3. The alternating current (ac) magnetic susceptibility measurements indicated that they all exhibited SMM behavior. The strategic attachment of the −NO2 group (in 2) and the −OH functionality (in 3) on the skeleton of the benzoic acid led to subtle variations of the bond lengths and bond angles in the coordination environments of the central dysprosium(III) ions, consequently resulting in the enhancement of the energy barriers for 2 and 3. Complete‐active‐space self‐consistent field (CASSCF) calculations were employed to rationalize the experimental outcomes. Theoretical calculations confirm the existence of antiferromagnetic interactions in 1–3, and the calculated dc magnetic susceptibility data agree well with those obtained experimentally. The computational results reveal more axial g tensors, as well as higher first excited Kramers doublets in 2 and 3; thus resulting in higher energy barriers in compounds 2 and 3.
Thermodynamics and phase transitions in galaxy clustering
Authors: Demir N. , Iqbal N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe phenomenon of galaxy clustering was studied from the perspective of the gravitational phase transition, which is somewhat different from a phase transition in materials science. There is evidence that the phase transition describing galaxy clustering in an expanding universe is a first‐order phase transition exhibiting a mixed phase. As such, the Clausius–Clapeyron equation is relevant for studying such a system. In this work, we derive a general analog of the Clausius–Clapeyron equation that applies not only toward the coexistence curve in pressure–temperature space, but to a more general parameter space. One key finding is that a cusp exists at the critical point in this mixed phase when viewed in this more general parameter space. We extend this formalism to derive an equation for the curvature of the phase coexistence curve in pressure–temperature space and a more general parameter space. We also verify previous findings of hysteresis in the system via an independent free energy analysis.
Oligomeric proanthocyanidins and epigallocatechin gallate aggravate autophagy of foam cells through the activation of Class III PI3K/Beclin1‐complex mediated cholesterol efflux
Authors: Jamuna Sankar , Ashokkumar Rathinavel , Sakeena Sadullah Mohammed Sadullah , Devaraj Sivasithaparam Niranjali 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFoam cells are specialized types of cells which predominate the necrotic core of atherosclerotic plaque. Recently, autophagy‐mediated cholesterol efflux from foam cells has been proposed as a beneficial therapy for atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to delineate the underlying molecular mechanism of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) induced autophagy of foam cells and associated cholesterol efflux. The oxidized low‐density lipoprotein induced foam cells demonstrated impaired autophagy flux through the downregulated expressions of LC3BII/LC3BI, autophagy related gene‐5, Class III phosphoinositide 3 kinase (Class III PI3K), Beclin1, ABCA1, and ABCG1 with concomitant increase in the expressions of protein 62, Class I phosphoinositide 3 kinase, Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin. However, these effects were significantly abolished by treatment with OPC and EGCG through activation of autophagy flux via Class III PI3K/Beclin1 and with upregulated expression of transporter proteins ABCA1 and ABCG1. Furthermore, the cholesterol efflux process in the foam cells was activated by lysosomal acid lipase and cathepsin D facilitated lipolysis of lipid droplets. Taken together, our data demonstrate that OPC and EGCG treatment stimulated the coordinated activation of autophagy and cholesterol efflux through Class III PI3K/Beclin1 pathway in foam cells, suggesting a promising therapeutic strategy against atherosclerosis.
A rare cause of stroke after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Retained foreign body
Authors: Nanjudappa Aravinda , Bhagat Abhishek , Bates Mark C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe field of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has matured significantly with the outcome and durability data now supporting use in lower‐risk patients. We present a preventable complication from early in our experience (5 years ago) that illustrates the importance of heart team communication and cautious multidiscipline cross‐pollination during the formative years of a program. An 87‐year old female developed confusion, slurred speech and left upper extremity weakness 1 day following TAVR with inconclusive findings on carotid artery duplex and transthoracic echocardiography. Subsequent CT‐scan disclosed a linear, ring‐like, structure in the ascending aorta. The foreign body (FB) was radiolucent and successfully snared via tactile sensation and anatomic landmarks informed by the CT. The extricated FB was the valvuloplasty balloon guard (BG) that was inadvertently introduced into the patient via ascending aortic large sheath access. The failure mode was traced back to the first time use of a new balloon system and unrecognized BG by the surgical physician and technician components of the Heart Team who took the lead role in device insertion due to the open chest access. Subsequently, the heart team made changes to mitigate similar future complications by sharing multidiscipline responsibility for all procedural steps and ensuring the use of all new adjuvant devices are preceded by a procedural pause and team consensus regarding device preparation and use. Additionally, the manufacturer addition of a radiopaque marker or flair on the valvuloplasty BG may be warranted.
Colonic and perianal ulceration exhibiting vacuolar interface dermatitis in the setting of HIV
Authors: Tadros Joseph , Chastain Cody A. , Tkaczyk Eric 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe report a case of noninfectious vacuolar interface dermatitis associated with colonic and perianal ulceration in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which responded to immunosuppressive treatment. Our findings suggest that interface dermatitis in the setting of AIDS may warrant further gastrointestinal evaluation and may respond to immunosuppression.
Gender‐based differential item functioning in measures of eating pathology
Authors: Schaefer Lauren M. , Anderson Lisa M. , Simone Melissa , O'Connor Shannon M. , Zickgraf Hana , Anderson Drew A. , Rodgers Rachel F. , Thompson J. Kevin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveEating disorder (ED) symptoms are common and impairing in males, despite their perception as “female” disorders. As existing self‐report symptom measures were developed and primarily validated in women, there is a need to establish the utility of these measures in men. The present study used differential item functioning (DIF) analyses to explore whether item endorsement differed by gender for three commonly used ED symptom measures.MethodParticipants were undergraduate men (n = 1,083) and women (n = 2,424) from three universities in the United States. Global scores on the Eating Attitudes Test‐26 (EAT‐26), Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ), and Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale for DSM‐IV (EDDS) were examined. Tests of DIF were conducted by regressing each item against its composite scale score, and then comparing fit and variance explained (R2) to a model with the interaction of item*gender. The clinical significance threshold for DIF is ΔR2 ≥ 0.13.ResultsThere was no evidence of clinically significant DIF within the EAT‐26, EDEQ, or EDDS.DiscussionFindings suggest that the examined measures perform similarly for undergraduate men and women, supporting their use in nonclinical male samples. However, development and testing of items reflecting ED symptoms that more commonly occur in males (e.g., muscularity‐oriented behaviors) is encouraged.
Relating spatial patterns of stream metabolism to distributions of juveniles salmonids at the river network scale
Authors: Kaylor Matthew J. , White Seth M. , Saunders W. Carl , Warren Dana R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the factors that drive spatial patterns in stream ecosystem processes and the distribution of aquatic biota is important to effective management of these systems and the conservation of biota at the network scale. In this study, we conducted field surveys throughout an extensive river network in NE Oregon that supports diminishing populations of wild salmonids. We collected data on physical habitat, nutrient concentrations, biofilm standing stocks, stream metabolism (gross primary production [GPP] and ecosystem respiration [ER]), and ESA‐listed juvenile salmonid density from approximately 50 sites across two sub‐basins. Our goals were to (1) to evaluate network patterns in these metrics, and (2) determine network‐scale linkages among these metrics, thus providing inference of processes driving observed patterns. Ambient nitrate‐N and phosphate‐P concentrations were low across both sub‐basins (<40 μg/L). Nitrate‐N decreased with watershed area in both sub‐basins, but phosphate‐P only decreased in one sub‐basin. These spatial patterns suggest co‐limitation in one sub‐basin but N limitation in the other; experimental results using nutrient diffusing substrates across both sub‐basins supported these predictions. Solar exposure, temperature, GPP, ER, and GPP:ER increased with watershed area, but biofilm Chl a and ash‐free dry mass (AFDM) did not. Spatial statistical network (SSN) models explained between 70% and 75% of the total variation in biofilm Chl a, AFDM, and GPP, but only 21% of the variation in ER. Temperature and nutrient concentrations were the most supported predictors of Chl a and AFDM standing stocks, but these variables explained little of the total variation compared to spatial autocorrelation. In contrast, solar exposure and temperature were the most supported variables explaining GPP, and these variables explained far more variation than autocorrelation. Solar exposure, temperature, and nutrient concentrations explained almost none of the variation in ER. Juvenile salmonids—a key management focus in these sub‐basins—were most abundant in cool stream sections where rates of GPP were low, suggesting temperature constraints on these species restrict their distribution to oligotrophic areas where energy production at the base of the food web may be limited.
Pain vs. comfort diary: A fully remote app‐based experiment
Authors: Gruszka Piotr , Stammen Christina , Bissantz Nicolai , Jensen Mark P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundFocusing on pain while completing a pain diary might have detrimental effects on pain intensity. Inverted comfort ratings might be used instead.MethodsA fully remote app‐based registered experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a pain versus comfort diary on 7‐day recall ratings of pain intensity during a 3‐week period. The diary included questions about past, current and expected pain or comfort. Randomization took place by the study app, thereby controlling for effects of experimenter bias.ResultsContrary to the study hypothesis, multilevel regression showed a more pronounced decrease in 7‐day recall ratings of pain in the group who rated pain intensity daily (n = 184) than in the group who rated comfort daily (n = 205, B = −0.17, p = 0.034). There were no between‐group differences in secondary outcomes (comfort, depressive symptoms, pain interference and happiness). Exploratory analyses revealed more pronounced decreases in pain intensity in participants who experienced less frequent pain in the previous 6 months. Correlations between pain and comfort ratings decreased from −0.39 at baseline to −0.06 after 3 weeks.ConclusionsThe findings do not support the potential beneficial effects of replacing diary ratings of pain intensity with diary ratings of comfort. The unexpected decreases among those who completed daily pain diaries might have been due to the inclusion of questions about expected pain. Decreasing correlations between pain and comfort ratings suggest that comfort ratings are not merely inverted pain ratings; rather, they appear to assess a domain distinct from pain intensity.SignificanceThe positive effects of pain diaries on pain trajectories appear to constitute a reliable effect and not a methodological artefact. Pain diaries should be investigated systematically to identify ways to optimize their effects on clinical outcomes. Comfort diaries, however, do not appear to be an efficacious substitute for pain diaries; if the current findings replicate, they indicate that primary care practitioners should continue to use pain diaries in clinical care.
Direct observation of single plasmonic metal nanoparticle reaction in microcolumn with chromatic‐aberration‐free LASER light‐sheet scattering imaging
Authors: Feng Jingjing , Cao Xuan , Pan Qi , He Yan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDirect observation and characterization of individual noble metal nanoparticles (MNPs) and their chemical reactions have attracted much attention owing to their unique physical and chemical properties and extensive applications. To achieve high‐throughput information‐rich evaluation of MNPs, it would be advantageous to combine highly efficient microcolumn separation technology with on‐column high resolution plasmonic imaging technique. Here, with a chromatic aberration‐suppressed supercontinuum laser light‐sheet scattering imaging system and colorimetric detection, we monitored oxidation process of single gold nanorods inside a capillary under gravity driven flow, and observed heterogenous reaction intermediates and pathways for different MNP surface modifications. The results suggest that molecular interactions and bindings with MNPs have a significant impact on their reaction kinetics. This high‐throughput on‐line single particle detection technique could be potentially applied to chemical and biochemical reaction studies of other MNPs.
The Workplace as a Context for Adult Literacy and Numeracy Learning
Authors: Alkema Anne 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis department focuses on literacy leaders, including school and instructional leaders, teachers, and external partners, who are working to improve outcomes for adolescent and adult learners in a wide range of education settings. Columns investigate the challenges and complexities inherent in such work and share lessons learned, impactful strategies and approaches, and promising pathways forward.
Effects of Divalent Salts on the Interfacial Activity of the Mixed Surfactants at the Water/Model Oil Interface
Authors: Lv Kaihe , Jia Kaile , Han Yugui , Wang Qiuxia , Leng Xu , Yan Hui , Jia Han 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn our previous report, the mixed cationic/anionic surfactant system consisting of N‐dodecyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium bromide (L12) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) showed good interfacial tension (IFT) reduction of water/model oil (Vtoluene:V
n‐decane = 1:1). In the present study, the effects of divalent salts (MgCl2 or CaCl2) on the interfacial activity were systematically evaluated. The additional Mg2+ ions greatly reduced the IFT to an ultralow value, whereas Ca2+ ions caused the generation of the precipitates and resulted in increased IFT values. The precipitates disappeared in binary divalent salt solutions, and the IFT values remained at a low level. Based on the valence, polarizability, and hydrated radius of the ions, we proposed a model to explain the abnormal changes. The effects of NaCl and temperature were investigated to further verify our proposed mechanism. Moreover, the additional divalent salts obviously enhanced the stability of L12/SDS stabilized emulsions.
Primary odynophonia: When pain is out of proportion to dysphonia
Authors: Kim Se‐in , Atkinson Cory , Harris Amy Hamilton , Tibbetts Kathleen , Mau Ted 
Published: June 2019

Objectives/HypothesisOdynophonia is generally regarded as a symptom of a voice disorder. However, a subset of patients with odynophonia have debilitating pain out of proportion to the relatively mild degree of dysphonia and are not responsive to voice therapy. The goals of this study were to 1) describe the symptomatology of this subset of patients and differentiate it from typical odynophonia, 2) propose alternate models to explain this phenomenon of primary odynophonia, and 3) present a new treatment paradigm based on the proposed models.Study DesignCase series.MethodsInclusion criteria were complaint of persistent pain associated with voicing, normal vocal fold mobility, complete glottic closure, and limited or lack of response of pain to voice therapy. Presenting symptoms, voice evaluation, and treatment outcomes were reviewed.ResultsEleven patients fit the inclusion criteria. The degree of pain did not follow the trajectory of vocal improvement with therapy. The pain was stagnant or worsened with voice exercises. The most dramatic improvement came about in one patient who received false vocal fold Botox injections, and another who received thyrohyoid lidocaine/triamcinolone injection. We propose that these patients had developed primary odynophonia, in which the pain had become self‐sustaining and no longer responded to correction of hyperfunctional vocal behavior. The mechanism of pain persistence may involve superior laryngeal neuralgia, cartilaginous or ligamentous inflammation, and/or central sensitization.ConclusionsA minority of patients have primary odynophonia distinct from typical odynophonia. Direct treatment of pain may be advisable prior to or in conjunction with voice therapy.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 130:E183–E189, 2020
Coupling analysis of ambient wave to the shielded cavity with penetrated wire using a time domain hybrid method
Authors: Ye Zhihong , Zhou Jianjian , Gou Dan , Zhang Jie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDue to the numerical methods used for the coupling analysis of the shielded cavity with penetrated wire excited by ambient wave are lack, an efficient time domain hybrid method is presented in this article, which consists of thin wire finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and hybrid FDTD and transmission line equations method (called FDTD‐TL method). In this method, the penetrated wire is decomposed into external and internal transmission lines according to the enclosure structure of the shielded cavity firstly. Then the thin wire FDTD method is applied to calculate the currents on the external transmission line, which are enforced as the boundary of the internal transmission line naturally. Meanwhile the FDTD‐TL method is used to build the coupling model of ambient wave to the internal transmission line to obtain the voltage and current responses on the terminal load of internal line. This method has one prominent advantage is that it can realize the cooperative calculations of electromagnetic field radiation and the coupling responses on the penetrated wire. Finally, two numerical simulations of ambient wave to one shielded cavity with penetrated wire in the free space and shielded cavity are utilized to verify the accuracy and efficiency of this presented method by comparing with the electromagnetic software CST.