bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are rating scales for bipolar disorders fit for purpose?
Authors: Scott Jan , Murray Greg 
Published: October 2018

The DSM-5 definition of bipolar disorder elevates increased activity or energy as a cardinal symptom (alongside mood changes) for mania and hypomania (‘hypo/mania’). The ICD-10 likewise requires increases in activity and energy (alongside mood) for hypo/mania, as well as decreases for bipolar depression. Using bipolar disorder as an example, we propose that, when diagnostic criteria are revised, instruments used to measure clinical course and treatment response may need revisiting. Here, we highlight that the ‘gold-standard’ symptom rating scales for hypo/mania and depression were developed in an era when abnormalities of mood were viewed as the cardinal symptom of bipolar disorder. We contend that archetypal measures fail to give proportionate weighting to activity or energy, undermining their utility in monitoring bipolar disorder and treatment response in clinical and research practice.Declarations of interestJ.S. and G.M. are members of mMARCH, (Motor Activity Research Consortium for Health), which is led by Dr Kathleen Merikangas, National Institute for Mental Health. J.S. reports being a visiting professor at Diderot University, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology and The University of Sydney; receiving grant funding from the UK Medical Research Council and from the UK Research for Patient Benefit programme; and receiving a personal fee from Janssen-Cilag for a non-promotional talk on sleep problems.
Conflicts of Interest in Clinical Practice Guidelines: Accelerating an Evolution. An Endocrine Society Consensus Statement*
Authors: McCartney Christopher R , Rosen Clifford J 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
An analysis of the Endocrine Society’s clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) published from 2010 to 2017—presented by Irwig et al. in the current issue of The Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism—suggested that the Endocrine Society met five of seven National Academy of Medicine (NAM) standards concerning financial conflicts of interest in CPGs. As current contributors to the Endocrine Society’s CPG efforts, we offer additional context related to the 2011 NAM standards and the current environment concerning industry support in medicine, and we comment on the nature of industry support received by the Society’s CPG authors according to Irwig and colleagues’ analysis of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ Open Payments database. Perhaps most importantly, we outline the Society’s recent and ongoing efforts to enhance the value of its CPGs. Such efforts include a 2016 revision of CPG author conflict of interest rules—a change that was invisible to the investigatory methods used by Irwig et al.—in addition to other processes designed to enhance CPG objectivity. We conclude our commentary by recognizing that good-faith attempts to enhance transparency and to reduce conflicts of interest (real or apparent) in CPGs will ultimately serve the best interests of patients and providers; we confirm the Endocrine Society’s resolute commitment to providing high-quality, evidence-based clinical guidance via a CPG development process that faithfully accords with current CPG best practices.
Seasonal upsurge of pneumococcal meningitis in the Central African Republic
Authors: Crellen Thomas , Rao V. Bhargavi , Piening Turid , Zeydner Joke , Siddiqui M. Ruby 
Published: October 2018

A high incidence of bacterial meningitis was observed in the Central African Republic (CAR) from December 2015 to May 2017 in three hospitals in the northwest of the country that are within the African meningitis belt. The majority of cases were caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (249/328; 75.9%), which occurred disproportionately during the dry season (November-April) with a high case-fatality ratio of 41.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 33.0, 50.8%). High rates of bacterial meningitis during the dry season in the meningitis belt are typically caused by Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcal meningitis), and our observations suggest that the risk of contracting S. pneumoniae (pneumococcal) meningitis is increased by the same environmental factors. Cases of meningococcal meningitis (67/328; 20.4%) observed over the same period were predominantly type W and had a lower case fatality rate of 9.6% (95% CI 3.6, 21.8%). Due to conflict and difficulties in accessing medical facilities, it is likely that the reported cases represented only a small proportion of the overall burden and that there is high underlying prevalence of S. pneumoniae carriage in the community. Nationwide vaccination campaigns in the CAR against meningitis have been limited to the use of MenAfriVac, which targets only meningococcal meningitis type A. We therefore highlight the need for expanded vaccine coverage to prevent additional causes of seasonal outbreaks.
Molecular phylogeny and cryptic morphology reveal a new genus of West Indian woody bamboo (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) hidden by convergent character evolution
Authors: Tyrrell Christopher D. , Londoño Ximena , Prieto Ramona Oviedo , Attigala Lakshmi , McDonald Katelyn , Clark Lynn G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractArthrostylidium, a Neotropical genus of 31 mostly clambering woody bamboo species, is a member of subtribe Arthrostylidiinae, which is closely allied to subtribe Guaduinae. Arthrostylidium has long been a catchall for species within its subtribe that display unusual morphology. While attempting to clarify the circumscription of Arthrostylidium, we discovered three West Indian species (A. angustifolium, A. farctum, A. pinifolium) that possess putative Guaduinae features. We test the hypothesis that these three species should be classified within subtribe Guaduinae and revise their taxonomy. Phylogenetic inference based on sequences of four plastid markers (ndhF, trnC‐rpoB, trnD‐trnT, rps16‐trnQ) recovered Arthrostylidium as polyphyletic, with A. angustifolium, A. farctum, and A. pinifolium forming a well‐supported clade sister to the Guaduinae. Parametric bootstrap tests uphold this topology as significant. Detailed morphological and anatomical analyses revealed A. angustifolium, A. farctum, and A. pinifolium lack characteristics diagnostic for Arthrostylidiinae but conform to Guaduinae. Based on the morphological and molecular results, we erect the new genus Tibisia within subtribe Guaduinae, transfer Arthrostylidium angustifolium, A. farctum, and A. pinifolium to Tibisia as T. angustifolia, T. farcta, and T. pinifolia, and provide keys to the genera of Guaduinae and the species of Tibisia. These findings demonstrate convergent evolution in a number of macromorphological characters that have been important for generic identification, and reinforce the diagnostic value of leaf anatomy for subtribal determination among the Neotropical woody bamboos.
Psychophysiological Adaptation of Patients with Local Radiation Injuries
Authors: Метляева Неля , Metlyaeva Nelya , Краснюк В. , Krasnuk V. , Бушманов Андрей , Bushmanov Andrey , Давтян А. , Davtyan A. , Щербатых О. , Shcherbatykh O. , Юнанова Л. , Yunanova L. , Корень­ков В. , Koren’kov V. , Юнанов Д. , Yunanov D. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: Assessment of psycho-physiological adaptation of patients with local radiation injuries (LRI), depending on the presence or absence of an established connection with an accident at work in connection with a radiation accident or an incident that has undergone a psychophysiological examination.
Material and methods: Clinical and psychophysiological examination of 57 patients with local radiation injuries was performed, 20 of them, whose LRI s were associated with an accident at work (Group 1) and 37 patients, whose LRI connection was not established with production (Group 2). The mean age of the examined subjects was 41.6 ± 3.1 and 52.0 ± 1.6 years. The psychophysiological examination was carried out using the automated program-methodical complex “Expert”, designed to study the personality of a person, the cognitive and intellectual characteristics of a person using the method of the Multilateral Personality Study is an adaptation of MMPI, the method of Cattell’s 16PF, the Raven test, simple and complex sensorimotor reactions and reaction to a moving object.
Results: Clinical and psychophysiological assessment of personality and the actual mental state of patients with LRI having an established connection to an accident at work in comparison with patients with LRI with an unrelated connection with production allowed to determine the main types of disturbance of psychophysiological adaptation in a kind of anxiety-hypochondriacal type of adaptation disorder with a tendency to dissocial behavior in patients with LRI who have an established connection with an accident at work.
Conclusion: Anxiety-hypochondriacal type of disturbance of psychophysiological adaptation in patients with LRI is caused primarily by concern about the state of physical health, which determined the tension of mental adaptation with a tendency to neglect social norms and rules of behavior, with a tendency to dissocial behavior, psychasthenia, autization, distancing, alienation, affective rigidity, the desire to put the blame on others for the violation of interpersonal relationships, life difficulties and emotions conflicts. The dissocial type of the disturbance of psychophysiological adaptation was revealed mainly in patients with LRI who have established connection with an accident at work.
Results of the 65th Session of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of the Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) (Vienna, 11–14 June, 2018)
Authors: Уйба В. , Uyba V. , Аклеев А. , Akleev A. , Азизова Т. , Azizova T. , Иванов В. , Ivanov V. , Ильясов Д. , Il'yasov D. , Карпикова Л. , Karpikova L. , Киселев С. , Kiselev S. , Крышев А. , Kryshev A. , Михеенко С. , Miheenko S. , Романов С. , Romanov S. , Усольцев В. , Usol'cev V. , Шинкарев С. , Shinkarev S. 
Published: October 2018

Current paper is devoted to the main outcomes of the 64th UNSCEAR Session which took place in Vienna during 10 – 14 June 2018. Within the framework of the meetings of the working group and subgroups the documents on the following projects were discussed:
- Biological mechanisms influencing health effects from low-dose radiation exposure.
- Developments since the 2013 UNSCEAR report on the levels and effects of radiation exposure due to the nuclear accident following the great East-Japan earthquake and tsunami: review of 2016 scientific literature including an evaluation of thyroid cancer data in regions affected by the Chernobyl accident.
- Exposure of patients to ionizing radiation.
- Exposure of workers to ionizing radiation.
- Selected evaluations of health effects and of risk inference due to radiation exposure.
- Lung cancer from exposure to radon and to penetrating radiation.
In the course of the discussion, some organizational issues such as preparation of UNSCEAR publications, feasibility of establishing standing working groups, public outreach activities, future research program, report to the General Assembly etc., were considered.
Future-Time Framing: The Effect of Language on Corporate Future Orientation
Authors: Liang Hao , Marquis Christopher , Renneboog Luc , Sun Sunny Li 
Published: October 2018

We examine how international variation in corporate future-oriented behavior, such as corporate social responsibility and research and development investment, could partially stem from characteristics of the languages spoken at firms. We develop a future-time framing perspective rooted in the literatures on organizational categorization and framing. Our theory and hypotheses focus on how companies with working languages that obligatorily separate the future tense and the present tense engage less in future-oriented behaviors, and this effect is attenuated by exposure to multilingual environments. The results based on a large global sample of firms from 39 countries support our theory, highlighting the importance of language in affecting organizational behavior around the world. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2018.1217 .
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Alters Olfaction Before Hearing Deterioration In Mice
Authors: Lazarini Françoise , Katsimpardi Lida , Levivien Sarah , Wagner Sébastien , Gressens Pierre , Teissier Natacha , Lledo Pierre-Marie 
Published: October 2018

In developed countries, cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infected newborns are at high risk of developing sensorineural handicaps such as hearing loss, requiring extensive follow-up. However, early prognostic tools for auditory damage in children are not yet available. In the fetus, CMV infection leads to early olfactory bulb (OB) damage, suggesting that olfaction might represent a valuable prognosis for neurological outcome of this viral infection. Here, we demonstrate thatin uteroCMV inoculation causes fetal infection and growth retardation in mice of both sexes. It disrupts OB normal development, leading to disproportionate OB cell layers and rapid major olfactory deficits. Olfaction is impaired as early as day 6 after birth in both sexes, long before the emergence of auditory deficits. Olfactometry in males reveals a long-lasting alteration in olfactory perception and discrimination, particularly in binary mixtures of monomolecular odorants. Although sensory inputs to the OB remain unchanged, hallmarks of autophagy are increased in the OB of 3-postnatal week-old mice, leading to local neuroinflammation and loss of neurons expressing tyrosine hydroxylase and calbindin. At the cellular level, we found CMV-infected cells and an increased number of apoptotic cells scattered throughout the OB layers, whereas cell proliferation in the neurogenic subventricular zone was decreased. These cellular observations were long-lasting, persisting up to 16 weeks after birth in both males and females and thus providing a mechanism supporting olfactory loss. Despite obvious differences in neurogenesis between human and mouse, these findings offer new strategies aimed at early detection of neurological dysfunctions caused by congenital infections.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn developed countries, congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infected newborns are at high risk of developing sensory handicaps such as hearing loss, thus requiring prolonged follow-up. In this study, we describe for the first time the functional impact of congenital CMV infection on the olfactory system and its associated sense of smell. We demonstrate that a mouse model of congenital CMV infection shows defects in olfactory bulb (OB) normal development and pronounced olfactory deficits affecting acuity and discrimination of odorants. These major olfactory deficits occur long before the emergence of auditory deficits through the upregulation of OB autophagy inducing local neuroinflammation and altered neuron content. Our findings provide new opportunities for designing olfactory means to monitor the possible neurological outcome during congenital CMV infection.
Changes in Brainstem Pain Modulation Circuitry Function over the Migraine Cycle
Authors: Marciszewski Kasia K. , Meylakh Noemi , Di Pietro Flavia , Mills Emily P. , Macefield Vaughan G. , Macey Paul M. , Henderson Luke A. 
Published: October 2018

The neural mechanism responsible for migraine remains unclear. While an external trigger has been proposed to initiate a migraine, it has also been proposed that changes in brainstem function are critical for migraine headache initiation and maintenance. Although the idea of altered brainstem function has some indirect support, no study has directly measured brainstem pain modulation circuitry function in migraineurs particularly immediately before a migraine. In male and female humans, we performed fMRI in 31 controls and 31 migraineurs at various times in their migraine cycle. We measured brainstem function during noxious orofacial stimulation and assessed resting-state functional connectivity. First, we found that, in individual migraineurs, pain sensitivity increased over the interictal period but then dramatically decreased immediately before a migraine. Second, despite overall similar pain intensity ratings between groups, in the period immediately before a migraine, compared with controls and other migraine phases, migraineurs displayed greater activation in the spinal trigeminal nucleus during noxious orofacial stimulation and reduced functional connectivity of this region with the rostral ventromedial medulla. Additionally, during the interictal phase, migraineurs displayed reduced activation of the midbrain periaqueductal gray matter and enhanced periaqueductal gray connectivity with the rostral ventromedial medulla. These data support the hypothesis that brainstem sensitivity fluctuates throughout the migraine cycle. However, in contrast to the prevailing hypothesis, our data suggest that, immediately before a migraine attack, endogenous analgesic mechanisms are enhanced and incoming noxious inputs are less likely to reach higher brain centers.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt has been hypothesized that alterations in brainstem function are critical for the generation of migraine. In particular, modulation of orofacial pain pathways by brainstem circuits alters the propensity of external triggers or ongoing spontaneous activity to evoke a migraine attack. We sought to obtain empirical evidence to support this theory. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that pain sensitivity decreased immediately before a migraine, and this was coupled with increased sensitivity of the spinal trigeminal nucleus to noxious stimuli. We also found that resting connectivity within endogenous pain modulation circuitry alters across the migraine cycle. These changes may reflect enhanced and diminished neural tone states proposed to be critical for the generation of a migraine and underlie cyclic fluctuations in migraine brainstem sensitivity.
Physiological and biochemical studies on the protective effect of Ficus carica leaf extract, vitamin C or their combination on liver toxicity induced by lead acetate in male rats
Authors: Diab Abdel Aziz A. , Zahra Mansour H. , Attia Mai S. , Shehata Ahmed M. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Lead is an environmental contaminant, which is toxic to organ systems in human and other animals. The present study investigated the possible protective role of Ficus carica leaf extract, vitamin C or the combined treatment in lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity.
Methods: One hundred and twenty-six adult male albino rats were divided into seven groups (n = 18). G1 (control group) received distilled water. G2 (lead acetate group) received lead acetate at a daily dose of 20 mg/kg body weight by gastric gavage. G3 (Ficus carica group) received Ficus carica leaves extract at a daily dose of 200 mg/kg body weight by gastric gavage. G4 (Ficus and lead group) received Ficus carica leaves extract followed by lead acetate after 20 minutes. G5 (vitamin C group) received vitamin C at a daily dose of 200 mg/kg body weight by gastric gavage, G6 (vitamin c and lead group) received vitamin C followed by lead acetate after 20 minutes. And, G7 (Ficus, vitamin C, and lead group) received Ficus carica leaves extract and vitamin C followed by lead acetate after 20 minutes. The treatment extended for six weeks, blood and specimens were collected at a 2-week interval. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), direct bilirubin (DB), lipid peroxidation biomarker (Malondialdehyde (MDA)), antioxidants enzymes (Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH)) in liver tissue and histopathological changes in liver were investigated.
Results: Lead acetate caused significant increases in AST, ALT, ALP, DB and MDA levels. In addition, TP and level of SOD and GSH significantly decreased compared to the control group. The pre-treatment with the combination of Ficus carica and vitamin C improved liver parameters, the level of antioxidant enzymes as well as histopathological changes.
Conclusion: The combination of Ficus carica leaf extract and vitamin C had a remarkable protective action against lead acetate induced- oxidative damage in rats.
Advance Care Planning and HIV Symptoms in Adolescence
Authors: Lyon Maureen E. , Garvie Patricia A. , D’Angelo Lawrence J. , Dallas Ronald H. , Briggs Linda , Flynn Patricia M. , Garcia Ana , Cheng Yao I. , Wang Jichuan ,   for the Adolescent Palliative Care Consortium
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the effect of family-centered pediatric advance care planning (FACE pACP) on HIV-specific symptoms.

METHODS:
In this single-blinded, randomized controlled trial conducted at 6 US hospital-based HIV clinics, 105 adolescent-family dyads, randomly assigned from July 2011 to June 2014, received 3 weekly sessions in either the FACE pACP arm ([1] pediatric advance care planning survey, [2] Respecting Choices interview, and [3] 5 Wishes directive) or the control arm ([1] developmental history, [2] safety tips, and [3] nutrition and exercise tips). The General Health Assessment for Children measured patient-reported HIV-specific symptoms. Latent class analyses clustered individual patients based on symptom patterns. Path analysis examined the mediating role of dyadic treatment congruence with respect to the intervention effect on symptom patterns.

RESULTS:
Patients were a mean age of 17.8 years old, 54% male, and 93% African American. Latent class analysis identified 2 latent HIV-symptom classes at 12 months: higher symptoms and suffering (27%) and lower symptoms and suffering (73%). FACE pACP had a positive effect on dyadic treatment congruence (β = .65; 95% CI: 0.04 to 1.28), and higher treatment congruence had a negative effect on symptoms and suffering (β = −1.14; 95% CI: −2.55 to −0.24). Therefore, FACE pACP decreased the likelihood of symptoms and suffering through better dyadic treatment congruence (β = −.69; 95% CI: −2.14 to −0.006). Higher religiousness (β = 2.19; 95% CI: 0.22 to 4.70) predicted symptoms and suffering.

CONCLUSIONS:
FACE pACP increased and maintained agreement about goals of care longitudinally, which lowered adolescents’ physical symptoms and suffering, suggesting that early pACP is worthwhile.