bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Exploration of How Partisanship Impacts Council‐Manager Systems
Authors: Burnett Craig M. , Prentice Christopher R. 
Published: May 2018

We examine whether the promise of the Council‐Manager style of governance achieves the mix of electoral and professional representation that reformers originally envisioned. To explore this question, we analyze the political behavior of all 100 county managers in North Carolina—a position in the bureaucratic structure that requires professional expertise, but one that is subject to partisan oversight. We find two striking patterns. First, when a single party dominates an elected board of commissioners, they appear to prefer co‐partisans as county managers. Second, we find that county managers are more likely to register as politically unaffiliated when they work in a competitive county. Our evidence implies that both partisan boards and county managers are incorporating politics as a part of their decision processes, suggesting that the Council‐Manager form of government is far from apolitical.Related Articles

French, Edward P. 2003. “” Politics & Policy 31 (): 694‐725. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2003.tb00168.x/full

Wallis, Joe,
Tor Brodtkorb,
Brian Dollery, and
Muiris MacCarthaigh. 2017. “.” Politics & Policy 45 (): 285‐308. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12199/full

Reid, Traciel V., and
Robert S. Moog. 2011. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 223‐250. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00289.x/full
Related Media
. 2018. “Data on NC Counties.” https://www.sog.unc.edu/publications/

. n.d. http://www.ncmanagers.org/memberinfo/Pages/memberdir.aspx

. n.d. https://enr.ncsbe.gov/voter_search_public/

. 2015. https://www.ncsbe.gov/ncsbe/voter-turnout
Human Rights: Existential, Not Metaphysical
Authors: La Torre Massimo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMy paper consists of four sections. The first is concerned with the distinction and connection between fundamental and human rights. Here I shall just introduce a few conceptual notions and definitions that are more or less widely used, but that may help us to frame the issue and better focus on the most relevant question of the foundation or justification of human rights. In the second and third sections I will present what I believe to be the four fundamental normative situations that shape our understanding and use of human rights. In the second section attention will focus on what in my opinion is the most basic of these four normative situations, which I call the “existential” situation. This is intended to offer a strong foundation for human rights as “not metaphysical,” without appealing to or relying on heavy metaphysical assumptions. I will try to stick more or less to an argumentative strategy based on common sense. The third section, dealing with the three other normative situations, will to some extent be an exercise in eclecticism, trying to combine different approaches to (and schools of thought on) the question of normativity. Here eclecticism will not be trivial, or at least I hope not. In the fourth and final section I will briefly conclude with a general overview on the issue of the “existence” of normativity and human rights.
Football training improves metabolic and cardiovascular health status in 55‐ to 70‐year‐old women and men with prediabetes
Authors: Skoradal M.‐B. , Weihe P. , Patursson P. , Mortensen J. , Connolly L. , Krustrup P. , Mohr M. 
Published: May 2018

We examined the effects of 16 weeks of football training and dietary advice on blood glucose control and health status in 55‐ to 70‐year‐old women and men with prediabetes. Fifty participants with prediabetes (age; 61 ± 6 years, BMI; 29.6 ± 4.7; VO2max 22.3 ± 5.7 mL·min−1·kg−1) were randomized into a football and dietary advice group (F+D; n = 27) and a dietary advice group (D; n = 23). F+D performed football training (twice weekly 30‐ to 60‐minutes sessions) and received dietary advice, while D only received dietary advice. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was completed pre and post the 16‐week period. Body composition, blood pressure, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were additionally measured. Both groups demonstrated a decrement (P < .05) in fasting blood glucose (−0.4 ± 0.5 mmol·L−1) and lowered blood glucose throughout OGTT. F+D displayed lower values than D (P < .05) after 60 minutes (9.0 ± 2.7 vs 10.6 ± 2.9 mmol·L−1) and 120 minutes (5.7 ± 1.6 vs 7.5 ± 2.4 mmol·L−1). VO2max increased by 14% in F+D, with a higher (P < .05) change score than in D (2%). Mean arterial pressure declined more (P < .05) in F+D than in D (−8 ± 9 vs −4 ± 11 mm Hg). Fat loss was greater (P < .05) in F+D than in D (−3.4 ± 2.8 vs −1.2 ± 2.0 kg), and the increase in lean body mass was also greater (P < .05) in F+D than in D (0.7 ± 1.5 vs −0.3 ± 1.6 kg). In conclusion, football training combined with dietary advice has broad‐spectrum effects on metabolic and cardiovascular health profile with greater overall effects than professional dietary advice per se for 55‐ to 70‐year‐old women and men with prediabetes.
Dynamic optical coherence tomography of histamine induced wheals
Authors: Olsen J. , Birch‐Johansen F. H. , Themstrup L. , Holmes J. , Jemec G. B. E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundDynamic optical coherence tomography (D‐OCT) is a noninvasive imaging technique providing images of the skin and detecting movement in the tissue ie, measuring blood flow. The “attenuation coefficient” describes light absorption and scattering abilities of the tissue, while the dynamic signal provides a quantitative measure of the blood flow.AimThe study objective is to describe the dynamic changes of the skin and skin vessels during histamine release using D‐OCT.MethodsHealthy volunteers had local histamine injections in the skin and D‐OCT‐scans performed at 2‐minute intervals to detect changes in blood flow, attenuation and clinical symptoms.Results9/10 participants showed clinical wheals. An increase in blood flow was shown at all depths (P < .001 at 2 minutes). The highest relative increase was seen at 300 μm. The signal at 500 μm decreased to insignificant values and remained low after 4 minutes. A decrease in visualization depth of up to 32.7% as well as a significant increase in the attenuation coefficient was shown (P < .001 at 12 minutes for both tests).ConclusionDynamic optical coherence tomography is able to reliably identify changes in blood flow of histamine induced wheals. Dermal oedema reduces visualization depth and increases the attenuation coefficient.
The blood utilization calculator, a target‐based electronic decision support algorithm, increases the use of single‐unit transfusions in a large academic medical center
Authors: Connor Joseph P. , Raife Thomas , Medow Joshua E. , Ehlenfeldt Bradley D. , Sipsma Kristen 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUNDElectronic decision support has been used to reduce use of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. With the goal of reducing transfusions, we modified our RBC orders to default to 1 unit. Next, we created a target‐based algorithm, the blood utilization calculator or BUC, to calculate a dose in units, based on initial hemoglobin or hematocrit and weight.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSRBC orders defaulted to 1 unit in March 2016 and the BUC was implemented in July 2016. This gave three periods to compare old orders (before intervention), new orders (1‐unit default), and the BUC period. A hospital dashboard that tracks blood product orders was queried to determine changes in single‐unit transfusions between periods. Changes in transfusions were compared by analysis of variance. Acceptance of the BUC dosage recommendation was studied in both medical‐based and surgical‐based specialties.RESULTSThe number of single‐unit transfusions showed significant increases after each of the two interventions studied from 247 ± 19 before interventions to 358 ± 19 and then to 445 ± 141‐unit transfusions/month (p < 0.0001). The ratio of 1‐unit to 2‐unit transfusions increased from 0.72 to 1.67 (p < 0.0001) and we observed a 19% overall reduction in units transfused. The BUC recommendation was accepted in 49% of orders.CONCLUSIONSOne‐unit default orders and implementation of the BUC resulted in a significant increase in the use of single‐unit transfusions. Improvement in the rate of acceptance of the BUC recommendation should further increase the use of single‐unit transfusions.
Global value chains and inward foreign direct investment in the 2000s
Authors: Martínez‐Galán Enrique , Fontoura Maria Paula 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we make use of recent data published by the World Input‐Output Database to: (i) provide evidence on trade in value added of the major Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) member countries and major emerging economies (designated by OE country group), namely by measuring the degree of participation in global value chains (GVCs) at the country and sectoral levels; and (ii) estimate whether the GVC participation of OE countries has positively influenced foreign direct investment (FDI) inward stocks in the 2000s. The pooled regression model estimated shows that the country′s degree of GVC participation has contributed positively for bilateral FDI inward stocks, after controlling for other possible FDI determinants.
Corruption and the shadow economy: One‐way or two‐way street?
Authors: Berdiev Aziz N. , Goel Rajeev K. , Saunoris James W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper attempts to bring some resolution to the relation between corruption and the shadow economy. While previous research focuses on the static relationship between the two, we account for dynamics using a panel vector autoregression model and consider influences from the official economy and institutional quality. Using cross‐national panel data for 108 countries over the period 1984–2006, results show a bidirectional relationship with initial complementarity, and substitution over time. Thus, the nature of the two‐way street is shown to change over time and our consideration of dynamics reveals the complementarity–substitution switch.
Is the current state of the art of weed monitoring suitable for site‐specific weed management in arable crops?
Authors: Fernández‐Quintanilla C , Peña J M , Andújar D , Dorado J , Ribeiro A , López‐Granados F 
Published: May 2018

SummaryWeed monitoring is the first step in any site‐specific weed management programme. A relatively large variety of platforms, cameras, sensors and image analysis procedures are available to detect and map weed presence/abundance at various times and spatial scales. Remote sensing from satellites or aircraft can provide accurate weed maps when the images are obtained at late weed phenological stages. Cameras located on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been shown to be adequate for early‐season weed detection in a variety of wide‐row crops, providing images with relatively high spatial resolutions. Alternatively, weed detection/mapping systems from ground‐based platforms can achieve even higher resolutions using a variety of non‐imaging and imaging technologies. These ground systems are suited, in some cases, for real‐time site‐specific weed management. Despite this rich arsenal of technologies, their commercial adoption is, apparently, low. In this study, we describe the state of the art of remotely sensed and ground‐based weed monitoring in arable crops and the current level of adoption of these technologies, exploring major constraints for adoption and trying to identify research gaps and bottlenecks.
Risk factors for hypertrophic burn scar pain, pruritus, and paresthesia development
Authors: Xiao Yongqiang , Sun Yu , Zhu Banghui , Wang Kangan , Liang Pengfei , Liu Wenjun , Fu Jinfeng , Zheng Shiqing , Xiao Shichu , Xia Zhaofan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHypertrophic scar pain, pruritus, and paresthesia symptoms are major and particular concerns for burn patients. However, because no effective and satisfactory methods exist for their alleviation, the clinical treatment for these symptoms is generally considered unsatisfactory. Therefore, their risk factors should be identified and prevented during management. We reviewed the medical records of 129 postburn hypertrophy scar patients and divided them into two groups for each of three different symptoms based on the University of North Carolina “4P” Scar Scale: patients with scar pain requiring occasional or continuous pharmacological intervention (HSc pain, n = 75) vs. patients without such scar pain (No HSc pain, n = 54); patients with scar pruritus requiring occasional or continuous pharmacological intervention (HSc pruritus, n = 63) vs. patients without such scar pruritus (No HSc pruritus, n = 66); patients with scar paresthesia that influenced the patients’ daily activities (HSc paresthesia, n = 31) vs. patients without such scar paresthesia (No HSc paresthesia, n = 98). Three multivariable logistic regression models were built, respectively, to identify the risk factors for hypertrophic burn scar pain, pruritus, and paresthesia development. Multivariable analysis showed that hypertrophic burn scar pain development requiring pharmacological intervention was associated with old age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.046; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.011–1.082, p = 0.009), high body mass index (OR = 1.242; 95%CI, 1.068–1.445, p = 0.005), 2–5‐mm‐thick postburn hypertrophic scars (OR = 3.997; 95%CI, 1.523–10.487, p = 0.005), and 6–12‐month postburn hypertrophic scars (OR = 4.686; 95%CI, 1.318–16.653, p = 0.017). Hypertrophic burn scar pruritus development requiring pharmacological intervention was associated with smoking (OR = 3.239; 95%CI, 1.380–7.603; p = 0.007), having undergone surgical operation (OR = 2.236; 95%CI, 1.001–4.998; p = 0.049), and firm scars (OR = 3.317; 95%CI, 1.237–8.894; p = 0.017). Finally, hypertrophic burn scar paresthesia development which affected the patients’ daily activities was associated with age (OR = 1.038; 95%CI, 1.002–1.075; p = 0.040), fire burns (OR = 0.041; 95%CI, 0.005–0.366; p = 0.004, other burns vs. flame burns), and banding and contracture scars (OR = 4.705; 95%CI, 1.281–17.288, p = 0.020).
Intracellular rupture, exocytosis and actin interaction of endocytic vacuoles in pancreatic acinar cells: initiating events in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Chvanov Michael , De Faveri Francesca , Moore Danielle , Sherwood Mark W. , Awais Muhammad , Voronina Svetlana , Sutton Robert , Criddle David N. , Haynes Lee , Tepikin Alexei V. 
Published: May 2018

Key points
Giant trypsin‐containing endocytic vacuoles are formed in pancreatic acinar cells stimulated with inducers of acute pancreatitis.
F‐actin envelops endocytic vacuoles and regulates their properties.
Endocytic vacuoles can rupture and release their content into the cytosol of acinar cells.
Endocytic vacuoles can fuse with the plasma membrane of acinar cells and exocytose their content.
AbstractIntrapancreatic activation of trypsinogen is an early event in and hallmark of the development of acute pancreatitis. Endocytic vacuoles, which form by disconnection and transport of large post‐exocytic structures, are the only resolvable sites of the trypsin activity in live pancreatic acinar cells. In the present study, we characterized the dynamics of endocytic vacuole formation induced by physiological and pathophysiological stimuli and visualized a prominent actin coat that completely or partially surrounded endocytic vacuoles. An inducer of acute pancreatitis taurolithocholic acid 3‐sulphate and supramaximal concentrations of cholecystokinin triggered the formation of giant (more than 2.5 μm in diameter) endocytic vacuoles. We discovered and characterized the intracellular rupture of endocytic vacuoles and the fusion of endocytic vacuoles with basal and apical regions of the plasma membrane. Experiments with specific protease inhibitors suggest that the rupture of endocytic vacuoles is probably not induced by trypsin or cathepsin B. Perivacuolar filamentous actin (observed on the surface of ∼30% of endocytic vacuoles) may play a stabilizing role by preventing rupture of the vacuoles and fusion of the vacuoles with the plasma membrane. The rupture and fusion of endocytic vacuoles allow trypsin to escape the confinement of a membrane‐limited organelle, gain access to intracellular and extracellular targets, and initiate autodigestion of the pancreas, comprising a crucial pathophysiological event.
miR‐1 is increased in pulmonary hypertension and downregulates Kv1.5 channels in rat pulmonary arteries
Authors: Mondejar‐Parreño Gema , Callejo María , Barreira Bianca , Morales‐Cano Daniel , Esquivel‐Ruiz Sergio , Moreno Laura , Cogolludo Angel , Perez‐Vizcaino Francisco 
Published: May 2018

Key points
The expression of miR‐1 is increased in lungs from the Hyp/Su5416 PAH rat model.
Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from this animal model are more depolarized and show decreased expression and activity of voltage‐dependent potassium channel (Kv)1.5.
miR‐1 directly targets Kv1.5 channels, reduces Kv1.5 activity and induces membrane depolarization.
Antagomir‐1 prevents Kv1.5 channel downregulation and the depolarization induced by hypoxia/Su5416 exposition.
AbstractImpairment of the voltage‐dependent potassium channel (Kv) plays a central role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). MicroRNAs are non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to the 3′‐untranslated region region of specific mRNAs. The present study aimed to analyse the effects of miR‐1 on Kv channel function in pulmonary arteries (PA). Kv channel activity was studied in PA from healthy animals transfected with miR‐1 or scrambled‐miR. Kv currents were studied using the whole‐cell configuration of the patch clamp technique. The characterization of the Kv1.5 currents was performed with the selective inhibitor DPO‐1. miR‐1 expression was increased and Kv1.5 channels were decreased in lungs from a rat model of PAH induced by hypoxia and Su5416. miR‐1 transfection increased cell capacitance, reduced Kv1.5 currents and induced membrane depolarization in isolated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. A luciferase reporter assay indicated that KCNA5, which encodes Kv1.5 channels, is a direct target gene of miR‐1. Incubation of PA with Su5416 and hypoxia (3% O2) increased miR‐1 and induced a decline in Kv1.5 currents, which was prevented by antagomiR‐1. In conclusion, these data indicate that miR‐1 induces pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and reduces the activity and expression of Kv channels, suggesting a pathophysiological role in PAH.
Draft Genome Sequences of Escherichia albertii, Escherichia fergusonii, and Strains Belonging to Six Cryptic Lineages of Escherichia spp
Authors: Gangiredla Jayanthi , Mammel Mark K. , Barnaba Tammy J. , Tartera Carmen , Gebru Solomon T. , Patel Isha R. , Leonard Susan R. , Kotewicz Michael L. , Lampel Keith A. , Elkins Christopher A. , Lacher David W. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

We report here the genome sequences of 55 strains belonging to the genus
Escherichia
from multiple animal and environmental sources. These strains include representatives of
Escherichia albertii
,
Escherichia fergusonii
, and six additional genetically distinct lineages of
Escherichia
spp., one of which is newly discovered and is being reported for the first time here.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Hydrogenogenic Carboxydotroph Moorella stamsii DSM 26271
Authors: Poehlein Anja , Böer Tim , Steensen Kerrin , Daniel Rolf 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

The spore-forming, thermophilic, and obligate anaerobic bacterium
Moorella stamsii
was isolated from digester sludge. Apart from its ability to use carbon monoxide for growth,
M. stamsii
harbors several enzymes for the use of different sugars. The draft genome has a size of 3,329 Mb and contains 3,306 predicted protein-encoding genes.
Draft Genome Sequences of Streptomyces sp. Strains MH60 and 111WW2
Authors: Thatcher Louise F. , Myers Cindy A. , O’Sullivan Cathryn A. , Roper Margaret M. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequences, annotations, and predictions of secondary metabolite gene clusters of two endophytic
Streptomyces
species isolated from wheat plants growing in the Western Australian wheat belt. These strains,
Streptomyces
sp. strains MH60 and 111WW2, possess antifungal and/or plant growth-promoting activities.
Complete Genome Sequences of Three Related Avian Avulavirus 1 Isolates from Poultry Farmers in Pakistan
Authors: Shabbir M. Zubair , Nissly Ruth Helmus , Ahad Abdul , Rabbani Masood , Chothe Shubhada K. , Sebastian Aswathy , Albert Istvan , Jayarao Bhushan M. , Kuchipudi Suresh V. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Avian avulavirus 1 infects multiple avian hosts, and rare reports of human infection have been noted throughout the last century. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of three isolates of avulavirus 1 collected from poultry farmers in Pakistan exhibiting mild respiratory signs.
Draft Genome Sequences of Six Lactobacillus pentosus Strains Isolated from Brines of Traditionally Fermented Spanish-Style Green Table Olives
Authors: Calero-Delgado Beatriz , Martín-Platero Antonio M. , Pérez-Pulido Antonio J. , Benítez-Cabello Antonio , Casimiro-Soriguer Carlos S. , Martínez-Bueno Manuel , Arroyo-López Francisco Noé , Rodríguez-Gómez Francisco , Bautista-Gallego Joaquín , Garrido-Fernández Antonio , Jiménez-Díaz Rufino 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTHere, we report the genome sequences of sixLactobacillus pentosusstrains isolated from traditional noninoculated Spanish-style green table olive brines. The total genome sizes varied between 3.77 and 4.039 Mbp. These genome sequences will assist in revealing the genes responsible for both technological and probiotic properties of these strains.
Complete Genome Sequence of Petrimonas sp. Strain IBARAKI, Assembled from the Metagenome Data of a Culture Containing Dehalococcoides spp
Authors: Ikegami Kentaro , Aita Yuto , Shiroma Akino , Shimoji Makiko , Tamotsu Hinako , Ashimine Noriko , Shinzato Misuzu , Ohki Shun , Nakano Kazuma , Teruya Kuniko , Satou Kazuhito , Hirano Takashi , Yohda Masafumi 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequence of
Petrimonas
sp. strain IBARAKI in a
Dehalococcoides
-containing culture was determined using the PacBio RS II platform. The genome is a single circular chromosome of 3,693,233 nucleotides (nt), with a GC content of 44%. This is the first genome sequence of a
Petrimonas
species.
Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli AS19, an Antibiotic-Sensitive Variant of E. coli Strain B REL606
Authors: Avalos Mariana , Boetzer Marten , Pirovano Walter , Arenas Nelson E. , Douthwaite Stephen , van Wezel Gilles P. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

The chemically mutagenized
Escherichia coli
strain AS19 was isolated on the basis of its enhanced sensitivity to different antibiotics, in particular to actinomycin. The strain was later modified to study rRNA modifications that confer antibiotic resistance. Here, we present the genome sequence of the variant
E. coli
AS19-RrmA
-
.
Complete Genome Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant Plesiomonas shigelloides Strain MS-17-188
Authors: Abdelhamed Hossam , Ozdemir Ozan , Tekedar Hasan C. , Arick Mark A. , Hsu Chuan-Yu , Karsi Attila , Lawrence Mark L. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Plesiomonas shigelloides
is a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from diverse environments. Here, we describe the complete genome sequence of the multidrug-resistant
P. shigelloides
strain MS-17-188, isolated from a diseased catfish. Availability of this genome will be beneficial for characterizing the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in this strain.