bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dopant‐Dependent Stability of Garnet Solid Electrolyte Interfaces with Lithium Metal
Authors: Zhu Yisi , Connell Justin G. , Tepavcevic Sanja , Zapol Peter , Garcia‐Mendez Regina , Taylor Nathan J. , Sakamoto Jeff , Ingram Brian J. , Curtiss Larry A. , Freeland John W. , Fong Dillon D. , Markovic Nenad M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLi7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) garnet‐based materials doped with Al, Nb, or Ta to stabilize the Li+‐conductive cubic phase are a particularly promising class of solid electrolytes for all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries. Understanding of the intrinsic reactivity between solid electrolytes and relevant electrode materials is crucial to developing high voltage solid‐state batteries with long lifetimes. Using a novel, surface science‐based approach to characterize the intrinsic reactivity of the Li–solid electrolyte interface, it is determined that, surprisingly, some degree of Zr reduction takes place for all three dopant types, with the extent of reduction increasing as Ta < Nb < Al. Significant reduction of Nb also takes place for Nb‐doped LLZO, with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of Li||Nb–LLZO||Li symmetric cells further revealing significant increases in impedance with time and suggesting that the Nb reduction propagates into the bulk. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that Nb‐doped material shows a strong preference for Nb dopants toward the interface between LLZO and Li, while Ta does not exhibit a similar preference. EIS and DFT results, coupled with the observed reduction of Zr at the interface, are consistent with the formation of an “oxygen‐deficient interphase” (ODI) layer whose structure determines the stability of the LLZO–Li interface.
Bifluoride Ion Mediated SuFEx Trifluoromethylation of Sulfonyl Fluorides and Iminosulfur Oxydifluorides
Authors: Smedley Christopher J. , Zheng Qinheng , Gao Bing , Li Suhua , Molino Andrew , Duivenvoorden Hendrika M. , Parker Belinda S. , Wilson David J. D. , Sharpless K. Barry , Moses John E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSuFEx is a new‐generation click chemistry transformation that exploits the unique properties of S−F bonds and their ability to undergo near‐perfect reactions with nucleophiles. We report here the first SuFEx‐based procedure for the efficient synthesis of pharmaceutically important triflones and bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfur oxyimines from sulfonyl fluorides and iminosulfur oxydifluorides, respectively. The new process involves rapid S−F exchange with trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane (TMSCF3) upon activation by potassium bifluoride in anhydrous DMSO. The reaction tolerates a wide selection of substrates and proceeds under mild conditions without need for chromatographic purification. A tentative mechanism is proposed involving nucleophilic displacement of S−F by the trifluoromethyl anion via a five‐coordinate intermediate. The utility of late‐stage SuFEx trifluoromethylation is demonstrated through the synthesis and selective anticancer properties of a bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfur oxyimine.
Simultaneous Visualization of Endogenous Homocysteine, Cysteine, Glutathione, and their Transformation through Different Fluorescence Channels
Authors: Yin Guoxing , Niu Tingting , Yu Ting , Gan Yabing , Sun Xinyu , Yin Peng , Chen Haimin , Zhang Youyu , Li Haitao , Yao Shouzhuo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractStudying numerous biologically important species simultaneously is crucial to understanding cellular functions and the root causes of related diseases. Direct visualization of endogenous biothiols in biological systems is of great value to understanding their biological roles. Herein, a novel multi‐signal fluorescent probe was rationally designed and exploited for the simultaneous sensing of homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), and glutathione (GSH) using different emission channels. This probe was successfully applied to the simultaneous discrimination between and visualization of endogenous Hcy, Cys, GSH, and their transformation in living cells.
Polyfunktionelle Bis‐Lewis‐Säure‐/Bis‐Triazolium‐Katalysatoren zur stereoselektiven 1,4‐Addition von 2‐Oxindolen an Maleimide
Authors: Schmid Juliane , Junge Thorsten , Lang Johannes , Frey Wolfgang , Peters René 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEin wichtiges Ziel bei der Entwicklung von artifiziellen Katalysatoren zur asymmetrischen Synthese ist das Erreichen enzymähnlicher Katalysatoraktivität und Stereoselektivität unter Vermeidung der für Enzyme typischen, hohen Substratspezifität. Polyfunktionelle Katalysatoren gelten in diesem Zusammenhang als vielversprechende Systeme, mit denen exzellente katalytische Effizienz erzielt werden kann. Das hier vorgestellte polyfunktionelle Katalysatorsystem vereint zwei Lewis‐saure/Brønsted‐basische Cobaltzentren mit Triazoliumeinheiten, die essenziell für hohe Reaktivität und exzellente Stereoselektivität in der direkten 1,4‐Addition von Oxindolen an Maleimide sind. Der Katalysator wird über Click‐Reaktionen hergestellt und ist einfach durch Ausfällen unter Nutzung seiner ionischen Struktur rezyklierbar. Kinetische Studien lassen auf einen kooperativen Aktivierungsmodus schließen. Des Weiteren wird Diastereodivergenz durch die Wahl Boc‐geschützter oder ungeschützter Maleimide ermöglicht.
Diversity in reproductive traits of arapaima (Arapaima spp., Müller, 1843) in Amazonian várzea floodplains: Conservation implications
Authors: Gurdak Daniel J. , Stewart Donald J. , Castello Leandro , Arantes Caroline C. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Understanding the reproductive ecology of freshwater fishes is essential to minimize the losses in global freshwater biodiversity but is often limited in data‐poor regions, such as tropical floodplain ecosystems. Specifically, the study investigated whether size at first sexual maturation and nesting features for arapaima vary within and across regions in the floodplain of the Amazon River.
Data were collected at several sites in the Lower Amazon with varying arapaima densities and fishing practices. Female gonads were examined from commercial catch to calculate total length of first sexual maturation (L50). Nest features were surveyed in the field. The size at first maturation and nest features (i.e. nest morphology, habitat, and density) were compared among sites with different population densities in the Lower Amazon and among estimates drawn from the literature for other regions.
In the Lower Amazon, L50 showed significant variation between high‐density (139 cm) and other sites (~168 cm). Overall variation in L50 estimates for arapaima range from 139 cm in the Lower Amazon to 207 cm in the Upper Amazon in Peru. Nests in different regions show variation among certain nest features and a positive relationship between nest density and arapaima population density. In the Lower Amazon, 90% of nests were found under woody vegetation.
The results show considerable diversity in size at first maturity and nesting features for arapaima. This suggests that there may be multiple evolutionarily significant units or species, even within the study area. This study also illustrates the importance of forest cover to arapaima spawning. Furthermore, different nesting morphologies were found at different sites. There are meaningful variations in arapaima reproductive behaviour, both locally and basin‐wide, that require further study as they have implications for effective management and conservation initiatives.
Essential fish habitats and hotspots of nekto‐benthic diversity and density in the western Mediterranean
Authors: Tugores M. Pilar , Ordines Francesc , Guijarro Beatriz , García‐Ruíz Cristina , Esteban Antonio , Massutí Enric 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Since the 1990s, most currently assessed Mediterranean nekto‐benthic stocks have been exploited above maximum sustainable yield and have declined. This study explores the co‐occurrence of essential fish habitats for the most important nekto‐benthic resources exploited by bottom‐trawl fisheries in the western Mediterranean and areas of importance for nekto‐benthic communities.
Fishery‐independent data obtained from Mediterranean scientific bottom‐trawl surveys were used to identify persistent hotspots of recruitment for the most important nekto‐benthic species around the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands between 2002 and 2016, as an indicator of their essential fish habitats. Likewise, hotspots of nekto‐benthic community diversity and density were also determined, as an estimate of key areas for nekto‐benthic communities.
Areas of overlap of persistent hotspots of recruitment and of community species richness and density were mainly found on the deep shelf and the upper slope (100–200 m and 200–500 m deep respectively).
These overlapping areas could be of particular interest in the development of fishery management plans aiming to implement an ecosystem approach to fisheries. Protection, through temporary or permanent closures, of the overlapping areas identified would contribute to improving both the sustainable exploitation of the main target species of bottom‐trawl fisheries and the conservation of nekto‐benthic communities.
Mobile robot localization based on PSO estimator
Authors: Havangi Ramazan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLocalization is fundamental to autonomous operation of the mobile robot. A particle filter (PF) is widely used in mobile robot localization. However, the robot localization based PF has several limitations, such as sample impoverishment and a degeneracy problem, which reduce significantly its performance. Evolutionary algorithms, and more specifically their optimization capabilities, can be used in order to overcome PF based on localization weaknesses. In this paper, mobile robot localization based on a particle swarm optimization (PSO) estimator is proposed. In the proposed method, the robot localization converts dynamic optimization to find the best robot pose estimate, recursively. Unlike the localization based on PF, the resampling step is not required in the proposed method. Moreover, it does not require noise distribution. It searches stochastically along the state space for the best robot pose estimate. The results show that the proposed method is effective in terms of accuracy, consistency, and computational cost compared with localization based on PF and EKF.
Investigating the factors underlying adaptive functioning in autism in the EU‐AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project
Authors: Tillmann Julian , San José Cáceres Antonia , Chatham Chris H. , Crawley Daisy , Holt Rosemary , Oakley Bethany , Banaschewski Tobias , Baron‐Cohen Simon , Bölte Sven , Buitelaar Jan K. , Durston Sarah , Ham Lindsay , Loth Eva , Simonoff Emily , Spooren Will , Murphy Declan G. , Charman Tony ,   the EU‐AIMS LEAP group
Published: February 2019

Scientific AbstractIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit significant impairments in adaptive functioning that impact on their ability to meet the demands of everyday life. A recurrent finding is that there is a pronounced discrepancy between level of cognitive ability and adaptive functioning, and this is particularly prominent among higher‐ability individuals. However, the key clinical and demographic associations of these discrepancies remain unclear. This study included a sample of 417 children, adolescents, and adults with ASD as part of the EU‐AIMS LEAP cohort. We examined how age, sex, IQ, levels of ASD symptom and autistic trait severity and psychiatric symptomatology are associated with adaptive functioning as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales‐Second Edition and IQ‐adaptive functioning discrepancies. Older age, lower IQ and higher social‐communication symptoms were associated with lower adaptive functioning. Results also demonstrate that older age, higher IQ and higher social‐communication symptoms are associated with greater IQ‐adaptive functioning discrepancy scores. By contrast, sensory ASD symptoms, repetitive and restricted behaviors, as well as symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety and depression, were not associated with adaptive functioning or IQ‐adaptive functioning discrepancy scores. These findings suggest that it is the core social communication problems that define ASD that contribute to adaptive function impairments that people with ASD experience. They show for the first time that sensory symptoms, repetitive behavior and associated psychiatric symptoms do not independently contribute to adaptive function impairments. Individuals with ASD require supportive interventions across the lifespan that take account of social‐communicative ASD symptom severity. Autism Res 2019, 12: 645–657. © 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay summaryThis study investigated key clinical and demographic associations of adaptive functioning impairments in individuals with autism. We found that older age, lower IQ and more severe social‐communicative symptoms, but not sensory or repetitive symptoms or co‐occurring psychiatric symptoms, are associated with lower adaptive functioning and greater ability‐adaptive function discrepancies. This suggests that interventions targeting adaptive skills acquisition should be flexible in their timing and intensity across developmental periods, levels of cognitive ability and take account of social‐communicative ASD symptom severity.
Diffusion tensor imaging of neurocognitive profiles in a community cohort living in marginal housing
Authors: Gicas Kristina M. , Cheng Alex , Rawtaer Iris , Willi Taylor S. , Panenka William J. , Lang Donna J. , Smith Geoff N. , Vila‐Rodriguez Fidel , Leonova Olga , Giesbrecht Chantelle J. , Jones Andrea A. , Barr Alasdair M. , Procyshyn Ric M. , Buchanan Tari , MacEwan G. William , Su Wayne , Vertinsky Alexandra T. , Rauscher Alexander , O’Rourke Norm , Loken Thornton Wendy , Thornton Allen E. , Honer William G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated white matter differences associated with distinct neurocognitive profiles derived from a large cohort of marginally housed persons with comorbid physical and mental illnesses. Our prior work identified three profile cluster groups: a high functioning group (Cluster 1), a low functioning group with relative strength in decision‐making (Cluster 3), and an intermediary group with a relative decision‐making weakness (Cluster 2). This study extends previous findings of cortical gray matter differences between these groups with evidence for putative neurodevelopmental abnormalities in the low cognitive functioning group (i.e., Cluster 3). We hypothesized that altered white matter diffusion would be associated with the lowest functioning neurocognitive profile and would be associated with previously observed gray matter differences.MethodParticipants from a socially impoverished neighborhood in Vancouver, Canada underwent neurocognitive evaluation and neuroimaging. We performed Tract‐Based Spatial Statistics using diffusion tensor imaging data from 184 participants to examine whole‐brain differences in white matter microstructure between cluster analytically derived neurocognitive profiles, as well as unitary neurocognitive measures. Correlations between frontal gray and white matter were also examined.ResultsCluster 3 showed increased diffusion in predominately bilateral frontal and interhemisphere tracts (vs. Clusters 1 and 2), with relatively greater diffusion in the left hemisphere (vs. Cluster 1). Differences in radial diffusivity were more prominent compared with axial diffusivity. A weak association between regional frontal fractional anisotropy and previously defined abnormalities in gyrification was observed.ConclusionsIn a socially marginalized sample, we established several patterns in the covariation of white matter diffusion and neurocognitive functioning. These patterns elucidate the neurobiological substrates and vulnerabilities that are apt to underlie functional impairments inherent to this complex and heterogeneous population.
Does advertising the green benefits of products contribute to sustainable development goals? A quasi‐experimental test of the dilution effect
Authors: Grolleau Gilles , Mzoughi Naoufel , Sutan Angela 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUsing two studies, we examine the dilution effect for green products, by testing whether advertising green benefits decreases their perceived instrumentality and thus harms sustainable development. We use a between‐subject design and ask participants to evaluate the efficacy of a pen (Study 1) and a dish detergent (Study 2) with and without environmental attributes. Our results are inconsistent with the predictions of the dilution model because the perceived instrumentality of both products does not decrease when environmental benefits are added. Our findings are relevant for eco‐labeling given anecdotal evidence suggesting that adding green information can harm the perceived quality of products.
Customer motivations for sustainable consumption: Investigating the drivers of purchase behavior for a green‐luxury car
Authors: Ali Afzaal , Xiaoling Guo , Ali Adnan , Sherwani Mehkar , Muneeb Farhan Muhammad 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of status motivation on customers' purchase intention of a green‐luxury car associated with owning a green‐luxury car, and whether materialism and horizontal–vertical individualism/collectivism moderate this relationship. The quantitative research methodology using online survey technique was used to collect cross‐cultural data from respondents (507) from China and Germany. Purposive sampling technique was used to identify and collect data from current and prospective customers of the BMW brand. Collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results demonstrated that materialism and cultural value (horizontal–vertical collectivism and vertical individualism) can serve as moderators of the effects of status motivation and purchase intention of the green‐luxury car. Although some studies have explored the factors involved in customer purchasing behaviour for green‐luxury products, our results theoretically and empirically show that materialism, vertical individualism, horizontal collectivism, and vertical collectivism enhance the positive effects of status motivation on customer purchasing behaviour for a green‐luxury car.
Combined prognostic value of the cancer stem cell markers CD47 and CD133 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Jian‐Hua , Huang Shu‐Ting , Zhang Lan , Liu Zi‐Gang , Liang Rong‐Xin , Jiang Sen‐Wei , Jiang Yi‐Nan , Yu Xing‐Juan , Jiang Yu‐Chuan , Li Xi‐Zhao , Zhang Pei‐Fen , Wen Zhe‐Sheng , Zheng Min 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundTreatments based on the inhibition of pivotal signals of cancer stem cells (CSCs) are on a promising track. Recent studies have shown that targeting CSCs with broader immune‐based therapeutic methods, for example, the anti‐CD47 treatment, may serve as a more potent strategy for eliminating these intractable cells. We aimed to explore the prognostic effects of CD47/CD133 and the potential therapeutic significance of CD47 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsImmunohistochemistry was employed to identify the characteristics of CD47 and CD133 in 26 pairs of tumor tissues and adjacent non‐tumor tissues and 136 ESCC tissues. Kaplan‐Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were built for estimating the prognostic values of CD47 and CD133 expression and their combined stemness index. Sphere formation assays were undertaken to explore the effects of CD47 inhibition on primary human ESCC CSCs.ResultsResults conclude that CD47 and CD133 expression is increased in tumor tissues as compared to adjacent non‐tumor tissues. A positive correlation between CD47/CD133 expression and differentiation was found in 136 ESCC patients. Survival analysis indicated that patients with high CD47 or CD133 expression exhibited poor overall survival and progression‐free survival (PFS). The combination of high CD47 and CD133 expression was a reliable independent prognostic factor for both OS (HR = 1.940, 95% CI = 1.399‐2.690, P < 0.0001) and progression‐free survival (HR = 1.883, 95% CI = 1.384‐2.562, P < 0.0001). Notably, CD47+ CD133+ ESCC cells were observed to possess the characteristics of CSCs, and anti‐CD47 treatment veritably eliminated the CSCs pool.ConclusionsThe stemness index determined by the expression of CD47 and CD133 is a promising prognostic predictor, and CD47 is a potential therapeutic target for CSCs in ESCC patients.
Activation of PTGS2/NF‐κB signaling pathway enhances radiation resistance of glioma
Authors: Tan Cheng , Liu Liang , Liu Xiaoyang , Qi Ling , Wang Weiyao , Zhao Guifang , Wang Libo , Dai Yimeng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe focused on the effects of PTGS2/NF‐κB signaling pathway on the radiation resistance of glioma in the study.MethodsWe downloaded the microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We verified transfection successfully through QRT‐PCR analysis. Immunofluorescence was used to detect γH2AX content under 2 Gy radiation. The survival rates of cells under 2 Gy irradiation were tested by clonogenic survival assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle. Western blot was applied to detect the expression of NF‐κB pathway‐related proteins. We also used MTT assay to detect the proliferation of cells.ResultsIn this research, we discovered that the expression of the PTGS2 was upregulated in radiation‐resistant glioma cells. The radio‐tolerance rate of U87 cells was obviously elevated after the overexpression of PTGS2. The radioresistance of U87R cells was significantly reduced after the knockdown of PTGS2. After radiotherapy, the number of cells arrested in G2/M phase decreased after PTGS2 overexpression in U87cells but increased in PTGS2 knockdown in U87R cells. The survival rate of U87 and U87R cells under radiation decreased significantly after the addition of NF‐κB inhibitor. The proliferation of U87 cells was suppressed by radiation and the addition of Bay 11. In addition, PTGS2 activated NF‐κB signaling pathway and prevented DNA damage after radiotherapy. Lastly, PTGS2 was proved to facilitate tumor cell proliferation and improve the radio‐tolerance.ConclusionPTGS2/NF‐κB signaling pathway was involved in radio‐tolerance of glioma cells, which provided a new insight into glioma therapy.