bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin transparent indium tin oxide-based electrodes for enhanced performance of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Shafique Amina , Amin Uzma , Abu-Siada Ahmed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been given much attention in photovoltaics-based power generation, particularly in building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) applications due to their lightweight and promising technical performance. PSCs exhibit remarkable transparency to visible light, which makes them an ideal candidate for BIPV applications such as glass-based solar facades and clear solar windows. As the PSC is yet an immature technology, much research is still required to validate its visibility and cost-effectiveness for different applications including electrical vehicles. This paper takes one step forward in achieving this goal by presenting a new ultrathin transparent electrodes (UTE) design that comprises a square patch layout to improve the performance of transparent conductive materials. The proposed electrode design is aimed to improve the absorption of the material in the ultra-violet (UV) region with high optical transparency. To assess the angular dependence on the absorption characteristics, both transverse magnetic and transverse electric modes are studied at various oblique angles of incident light. Furthermore, interference theory is applied numerically to validate the proposed UTE design. The impact of various geometric parameters including period, ground height, spacer height, and top square resonator length on the performance of the proposed UTE layout is investigated through detailed simulation analysis. Moreover, surface electric field patterns are analyzed to understand the absorption mechanism of the proposed UTE. Results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed structure for various BIPV applications including electric vehicles, wearable electronics, and tandem devices.
Dilaton generation in propagation of magnetic dipole waves of pulsar in a galactic magnetic field
Authors: Astashenkov M.O. , Bedda A.V. , Parfenov K.V. , Vshivtseva P.A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study is devoted to dilaton generation during the propagation of magnetic dipole waves from a pulsar in the galactic magnetic field. Dilaton generation occurs at cosmological scales on the order of the coherence lengths of the galactic magnetic field L
coh, approximately 100 pc.

The exact solutions of the dilaton field equation in a vacuum and in the interstellar medium with reflective index n = 1 + χ, χ ≪ 1 have been obtained, and the angular distribution of emitted dilaton energy has been determined in both cases. It has been shown that the dilaton generation intensity at first increases proportionally to r
2, where r is distance from the neutron star to the observation point, then has oscillating behavior. The obtained results are applicable only for r < L
coh.

For a millisecond pulsar with a magnetic field BS
∼ 109 Gauss, located at a distance from Earth on the order of the coherence length of the galactic magnetic field L
coh ∼ 100 pc, the obtained intensity of the dilaton generation can be greater in 100 times than the analogous intensity produced by rotating magnetic dipole momentum of a pulsar.

Based on estimated values, the impact of pulsar and magnetar gravitational fields on magnetic dipole wave radiation is minimal and changes the amplitude of the waves by around 1 percent. For this reason, the effect of the gravitational field on the dilaton formation process can be disregarded in this study.
Hawking radiation and Page curve of regular black holes
Authors: Dong 董 Chen-Yang 晨阳 , Tian 田 Li-Jun 立君 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We discuss the information paradox and its implications for regular black holes. Our primary focus is on Page curve using the island treatment and analyzing relevant parameters like Page time and scrambling time. Calculations without considering the island show that the entanglement entropy increases linearly and continues to infinity. When we consider the generalized entropy, we find that the island extends just beyond the horizon, leading to a constant entanglement entropy. Specifically, we find that in the early stages, the island never forms, regardless of the charge and mass configuration of the black hole.
Stable nanobubbles on ordered water monolayer near ionic model surfaces
Authors: Huang 黄 Luyao 璐瑶 , Ling 凌 Cheng 澄 , Zhou 周 Limin 利民 , Liang 梁 Wenlong 文龙 , Huang 黄 Yujie 雨婕 , Zhang 张 Lijuan 立娟 , Maitarad Phornphimon , Zhang 张 Dengsong 登松 , Wang 王 Chunlei 春雷 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The stable nanobubbles adhered to mineral surfaces may facilitate their efficient separation via flotation in the mining industry. However, the state of nanobubbles on mineral solid surfaces is still elusive. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to examine mineral-like model surfaces with varying degrees of hydrophobicity, modulated by surface charges, to elucidate the adsorption behavior of nanobubbles at the interface. Our findings not only contribute to the fundamental understanding of nanobubbles but also have potential applications in the mining industry. We observed that as the surface charge increases, the contact angle of the nanobubbles increases accordingly with shape transformation from a pancake-like gas film to a cap-like shape, and ultimately forming a stable nanobubble upon an ordered water monolayer. When the solid–water interactions are weak with a small partial charge, the hydrophobic gas (N2) molecules accumulate near the solid surfaces. However, we have found, for the first time, that gas molecules assemble a nanobubble on the water monolayer adjacent to the solid surfaces with large partial charges. Such phenomena are attributed to the formation of a hydrophobic water monolayer with a hydrogen bond network structure near the surface.
Novel high-temperature-resistant material SbLaO3 with superior hardness under high pressure
Authors: Chen 陈 Haoqi 浩琦 , Jiang 姜 Haowen 皓文 , Jiang 姜 Xuehui 雪辉 , Wang 王 Jialin 佳琳 , Zhang 张 Chengyao 铖瑶 , Duan 段 Defang 德芳 , Dong 董 Jing 晶 , Ma 马 Yanbin 艳斌 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Perovskites have garnered significant attention in recent years. However, the presence of La atoms at the B-site in ABX
3 structures has not yet been observed. Under high pressure, perovskites exhibit unexpected phase transitions. In this study, we report the discovery of SbLaO3 under ambient pressure, with a space group of R3m. Mechanical property calculations indicate that it is a brittle material, and it possesses a band gap of 4.0266 eV, classifying it as an insulator. We also investigate the phase at 300 GPa, where the space group shifts to P21/m. Additionally, the P21/m phase of LaInO3 under 300 GPa is explored. Ab initio molecular dynamics calculations reveal that the melting point of SbLaO3 is exceptionally high. The inclusion of Sb alters the electronic structure compared with LaInO3, and the Vickers hardness (H
v) is estimated to reach 20.97 GPa. This research provides insights into the phase transitions of perovskites under high pressure.
Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by a cloud of strings in the background of perfect fluid dark matter*
Authors: Hamil B. , Lütfüoğlu B. C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This manuscript investigates a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter embedded in a cloud of strings. The effects of its surroundings on thermodynamics, timelike and null geodesics, shadows, and quasinormal modes are analyzed. It is demonstrated that changes in spacetime, induced by the surrounding environment, significantly influence the stability, thermal phases, energy dynamics, particle trajectories, and observable features of the black hole's shadow, as well as its oscillation frequency and decay rate.
Production of
,
, and
mesons in strong interactions*
Authors: Xu 徐 Sheng-Nan 胜男 , Xu 许 Xiao-Ming 晓明 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Using the inelastic scattering of charmed strange mesons by open-charm mesons in hadronic matter produced in Pb-Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, we study the production of

,

, and

mesons. Master rate equations are established for inelastic scattering. The scattering is caused by quark interchange in association with color interactions between all constituent pairs in different mesons. We consider fifty-one reactions between charmed strange and open-charm mesons. Unpolarized cross sections for the reactions are obtained from a temperature-dependent interquark potential. The temperature dependence of the cross sections causes the contributions of the reactions to the production of

,

, and

to change with decreasing temperature during the evolution of hadronic matter. For central Pb-Pb collisions at

TeV, the master rate equations reveal that the number density of

is larger than that of

, whose number density is larger than that of

.
Accretion disk of a white hole*
Authors: Li 李 Lifang 丽仿 , Cao 曹 Zhoujian 周键 , Ling 凌 Yi 意 , Wu 吴 Xiaoning 小宁 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A white hole is simply a region of spacetime described by general relativity. Black holes are often assumed to form through star collapses. Based on such an assumption, the white hole region does not present. Recent research on quantum gravity indicates that a black hole must convert into a white one to avoid the singularity difficulty encountered in general relativity. If such a theory is true, it is important to ask how white holes can be observed. Anything inside a white hole must be pushed outside. However, if a white hole is empty, nothing will escape from it. We can only observe the interaction behavior between the objects falling outside and the white hole. In this paper, we observe that the structure of the accretion disk around a white hole is exactly the same as the one around a black hole. The only possibility to distinguish a white hole from a black one is the light passing through the white hole. The image properties of white holes for such scenarios are investigated in this paper. Based on our analysis and current observation facts, we cannot certainly determine if M87 and Sgr A* are black or white holes.
Surface and near-surface positron annihilation spectroscopy at very low positron energy
Authors: Mathes Lucian , Suhr Maximilian , Burwitz Vassily V. , Russell Danny R. , Vohburger Sebastian , Hugenschmidt Christoph 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present a monoenergetic positron beam specifically
tailored to the needs of (near-) surface positron annihilation
spectroscopy. The Setup for LOw-energy
Positron Experiments (SLOPE) comprises a high-activity 22Na
source, a tungsten moderator, electrostatic extraction and
acceleration, magnetic beam guidance, as well as an analysis chamber
with a movable sample holder and a γ-ray detection system.
The tungsten moderator foil, biased between 0 and 30 V, in
combination with the HV-biasable sample holder, enables positron
implantation energies between 3 eV and 40 keV. At low energies
(< 20 eV), the count rate typically amounts to 4400 counts per
second, and the beam diameter is smaller than (12±3) mm. We
conduct phase space simulations of the positron beam using COMSOL
Multiphysics® to characterize the beam
properties and compare the findings with the experimentally
determined energy-dependent beam diameter. To showcase the
capabilities of SLOPE, we perform
studies of positronium (Ps) formation on boehmite and depth-resolved
coincidence Doppler-broadening
spectroscopy (CDBS) of copper. In particular, the Ps formation
at the hydrogen-terminated surface of boehmite is found to be
maximum at a positron implantation energy of 10 eV. The range of
positron energies for which we observe Ps formation agrees with the
hydrogen ionization energy.
Multibody system dynamics for bio-robotic design and simulation based on inching-locomotion caterpillar’s gait: MBD-ILAR method
Authors: Cornejo José , Sierra J Enrique , Gomez-Gil Francisco Javier , Gallego Juan A , Biancardi Carlo M , Weitzenfeld Alfredo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Inching-locomotion caterpillars (ILAR) inspire the design of ‘inch-worm’ robots with biomimicry features, that can be adapted to different environments, such as natural, man-made, or other planets. Therefore, this work defines a novel mathematical method called Multi-Body Dynamics for Inching-Locomotion Caterpillar Robots (MBD-ILAR) to standardize the gait simulation of this type of machines, including a payload over the head to carry an object. The method is composed of 3 steps: (i) setting the model, where the input data is defined by: the phases of walk-stride (PHAWS) based on the bioinspired robotic design (BIROD) method, linkage dimensions of insect’s morphology based on the geometrical kinematic analysis (GEKINS) algorithm, the joint types, the link’s mass and center of mass, and the gravity constant. Then, (ii) kinematic analysis: to solve the orientation, velocity, and acceleration; and (iii) dynamic analysis: to obtain the joint forces, attachment forces to the ground, motor’s torque, and mechanical power. The method was applied in a case study adapting the dimensions of a real specimen—Geometridae sp. (35 000 species), for that purpose, a graphical user interface (GUI) was developed in order to get the biomechanical results that guarantee the robot’s actuator selection: (a) attachment mechanisms: vacuum pumps with suction cups (SC) or electromagnets (EM), and (b) joints: electromechanical rotary servomotors. Finally, to validate the numerical approach of MBD-ILAR, we performed an influence study of model parameters: link’s length, link’s mass, and gravity on the behavior of the attachment forces to the ground, torque, and mechanical power. The future method’s application is expected to be useful to complete the phase of the computational robotic design before the physically mechatronic implementation; in addition, it could be adapted to other arthropods.
Osteogenesis promotion on MC3T3 by micro-area potential difference (MAPD) on titanium alloy
Authors: Xie Yanchun , Chen Junfan , Fu Shan , Yu Hailong , Xuan Anwu , Wei Yongcun , Lian Yi , Yang Lei , Zhang Erlin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The ability of osseointegration of implants is an important factor in ensuring the long-term stability of bone implants in their recipient sites. In this paper, Ti–M titanium alloys with different surface micro-area potential difference (MAPD) were prepared and the adhesion, proliferation, spreading, and differentiation behavior of osteoblasts (MC3T3) on the surface of Ti–M alloy were investigated in detail to reveal the effect of MAPD on cell compatibility and osteogenic differentiation. The results showed that the alloy with high MAPD facilitated bone differentiation, demonstrating that MAPD significantly enhanced the alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization ability of osteoblasts, and upregulated the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related factors. It is suggested that it might be a strategy to promote the surface bioactivity of titanium alloy by adjusting the surface MAPD.
Personalizing β-TCP porous scaffolds to promote osteogenesis: a study of segmental femoral defects in beagle models
Authors: Cheng Kai , Peng Yuanhao , Diao Jingjing , Zhu Haotian , Lu Qiji , Zhao Naru , Wang Yingjun , Ding Huanwen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The increasing clinical occurrence of segmental bone defects is demanding constant improvements in bone transplantation to overcome issues of limited resources, immune rejection and poor structural complement. This study aimed to develop a personalized bone defect repair modality using 3D-printed tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) grafts and to assess its osteogenic impacts in a femoral segmental defect model in beagles, as a basis for clinical studies and application. A β-TCP scaffold was designed and manufactured using computer-aided design. A 3 cm segmental bone defect model was established in 27 one-year-old male beagles, and were randomly divided into three groups. The control group utilizing only intramedullary fixation, the autograft group with an added autologous bone graft and β-TCP group using a β-TCP scaffold. The study animals were monitored for 24 weeks postoperative and assessed for vital signs, imaging, and histological indicators periodically. All of the Beagles underwent successful modeling and experimentation, and were fully ambulatory at four weeks. Postoperative x-rays showed no evidence of loosening or displacement of the intramedullary nails. Micro-CT and histological staining indicated Osteogenesis starting from the fourth week, with the most significant growth seen using autografts (P < 0.05). New bone (NB) formation is seen adhering to the surface and proximal femur after osteotomy. The β-TCP group had significantly more evidence of Osteogenesis when compared to the control group (P < 0.05), characterized by NB visible throughout the porous structure and distal residual femur. The control group showed bone formation impeded by fibrosis, showing poor bone growth mainly around the distal end after osteotomy, with poor overall repair outcomes. Conclusion. Growth factor-deficient β-TCP porous scaffolds demonstrated promising Osteoinductive properties in repairing large segment bone defects in Beagles’ femurs. It effectively promoted bone growth and is structurally advantageous for weight bearing long bones.
Evaluation of ecosystem’s response to flash drought in water-limited regions of China
Authors: Yao Tingting , Liu Suxia , Hu Shi , Mo Xingguo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Intensive and frequent flash droughts pose a threat to the stability of terrestrial ecosystems and affect land carbon sinks, particularly in vulnerable water-limited regions. Here, we evaluated variations in flash drought events in water-limited regions of China from 2001 to 2022 and quantified vegetation resistance (its ability to maintain predrought level) and resilience (its capacity to bounce back from droughts) to flash drought based on solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and gross primary productivity. The average frequency of flash droughts was approximately 3.5 events per decade and the duration increased significantly by 3 d during 2001–2022. We found that vegetation resistance to flash drought did not show significant temporal changes, while resilience decreased significantly. Spatially, as aridity increased, vegetation resistance gradually decreased while resilience rose. The strong negative correlation between resistance and resilience demonstrated a trade-off in individual climate regions, which varied among different vegetation types. Among eight vegetation types, evergreen needleleaf forest, evergreen broadleaf forest and mixed forest displayed high-resistance and low-resilience, while deciduous needleleaf forest exhibited both high-resistance and high-resilience. Furthermore, we revealed that aridity index, vapor pressure deficit, and temperature were the most relevant environmental variables for both vegetation resistance and resilience, but had opposite effects and different magnitudes. Our findings highlight that the vulnerability and stability of terrestrial ecosystems are decreasing and are affected by water availability.
Social resilience to changes in climate over the past 5000 years
Authors: Yang Liang Emlyn , Weinelt Mara , Unkel Ingmar , Petrie Cameron A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Increasing numbers of studies are investigating the phenomenon of social resistance, particularly instances of stability or prosperity in the face of climatic–environmental stresses over a long period. This emerging research field of climate resilience explores the capability of socio-ecological systems to cope with stresses, maintain functions, and evolve into more desirable systems within stressful climatic and environmental conditions. This synthetic review examines historical and archaeological studies on climate resilience especially concentrating on human societies in the past 5000 years. It highlights that human societies have had a degree of general resilience to climate and environmental stresses over various spatial and temporal scales, which is reflected through the evidence of population growth, agriculture development, settlement expansion and continuing social-economic development in hazard-prone conditions. Many of the cases considered here demonstrate that climate resilience manifests as a profile of resilience loop and scale relationships in different social systems. Multiple and diverse measures have been identified as being helpful in enhancing the resilience level of various social systems, e.g. improvement of infrastructure, knowledge and technology development, and the strengthening of social organization and cooperation. This review emphasizes the necessity and priority of deepening our understanding of long-term resilience dynamics, and it calls for holistic studies in the field of climate resiliology, particularly targeting to effective and efficient resilience measures as well as their transference across time and space.
Livestock–cropland re-coupling and intensive farming: strategies for enhancing greenhouse gas mitigation and eco-efficiency in wheat–maize production in North China Plain
Authors: Wang Beibei , Wang Peifang , He Hongxing , Zorn Conrad , Guo Wenzhou , Wu Jiarui , Yu Chaoqing , Huang Xiao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Using manure compost can be an effective strategy to sustain crop production, mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and promote soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. However, in the North China Plain (NCP)—a key food hub in China—the disconnect between livestock farms and croplands limits manure recycling, obscuring its potential environmental benefits and economic costs. This study employs a life cycle assessment method to quantify GHG and ammonia emissions, SOC sequestration, economic performance, and the eco-efficiency of wheat–maize production in the NCP across six livestock–cropland coupling scenarios: farmers’ practice (FP), traditional household farming (HF), modern intensive decoupled systems with low (L), medium (M), and high (H) manure returning rates, and an intensive coupled system with optimum manure returning rate (IC). The results show that increasing manure return rates in intensive systems decreases the net global warming potential (NGWP), emphasizing the importance of livestock–cropland re-coupling. Emissions embodied in the field input supply chain was identified as a major NGWP contributor, while SOC accumulation significantly contributed to net GHG mitigation. The IC scenario is both the most economically viable ($322.8 (t grain)−1) and eco-efficient (1.03 kg CO2-eq USD−1) system. With the same compost application rates, intensive farming reduced the NGWP by 26.1% compared to household farming, despite trade-offs between GHG and NH3 emissions. The FP scenario had the highest climate impact (722.8 kg CO2-eq (t grain)−1) and the lowest eco-efficiency (4.91 kg CO2-eq USD−1). These insights advance our understanding of sustainable management practices for pursuing synergistic progress in economic gains, environmental conservation, and sustainable agricultural production.