bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dunn Worry Questionnaire and the Paranoia Worries Questionnaire: new assessments of worry
Authors: Freeman Daniel , Bird Jessica C. , Loe Bao S. , Kingdon David , Startup Helen , Clark David M. , Ehlers Anke , Černis Emma , Wingham Gail , Evans Nicole , Lister Rachel , Pugh Katherine , Cordwell Jacinta , Dunn Graham 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe cognitive process of worry, which keeps negative thoughts in mind and elaborates the content, contributes to the occurrence of many mental health disorders. Our principal aim was to develop a straightforward measure of general problematic worry suitable for research and clinical treatment. Our secondary aim was to develop a measure of problematic worry specifically concerning paranoid fears.MethodsAn item pool concerning worry in the past month was evaluated in 250 non-clinical individuals and 50 patients with psychosis in a worry treatment trial. Exploratory factor analysis and item response theory (IRT) informed the selection of scale items. IRT analyses were repeated with the scales administered to 273 non-clinical individuals, 79 patients with psychosis and 93 patients with social anxiety disorder. Other clinical measures were administered to assess concurrent validity. Test-retest reliability was assessed with 75 participants. Sensitivity to change was assessed with 43 patients with psychosis.ResultsA 10-item general worry scale (Dunn Worry Questionnaire; DWQ) and a five-item paranoia worry scale (Paranoia Worries Questionnaire; PWQ) were developed. All items were highly discriminative (DWQ a = 1.98–5.03; PWQ a = 4.10–10.7), indicating small increases in latent worry lead to a high probability of item endorsement. The DWQ was highly informative across a wide range of the worry distribution, whilst the PWQ had greatest precision at clinical levels of paranoia worry. The scales demonstrated excellent internal reliability, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity and sensitivity to change.ConclusionsThe new measures of general problematic worry and worry about paranoid fears have excellent psychometric properties.
Perfluorocarbon regulates the intratumoural environment to enhance hypoxia-based agent efficacy
Authors: Wang Wenguang , Cheng Yuhao , Yu Peng , Wang Haoran , Zhang Yue , Xu Haiheng , Ye Qingsong , Yuan Ahu , Hu Yiqiao , Wu Jinhui 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHypoxia-based agents (HBAs), such as anaerobic bacteria and bioreductive prodrugs, require both a permeable and hypoxic intratumoural environment to be fully effective. To solve this problem, herein, we report that perfluorocarbon nanoparticles (PNPs) can be used to create a long-lasting, penetrable and hypoxic tumour microenvironment for ensuring both the delivery and activation of subsequently administered HBAs. In addition to the increased permeability and enhanced hypoxia caused by the PNPs, the PNPs can be retained to further achieve the long-term inhibition of intratumoural O2reperfusion while enhancing HBA accumulation for over 24 h. Therefore, perfluorocarbon materials may have great potential for reigniting clinical research on hypoxia-based drugs.
Reversible induction of mitophagy by an optogenetic bimodular system
Authors: D’Acunzo Pasquale , Strappazzon Flavie , Caruana Ignazio , Meneghetti Giacomo , Di Rita Anthea , Simula Luca , Weber Gerrit , Del Bufalo Francesca , Dalla Valle Luisa , Campello Silvia , Locatelli Franco , Cecconi Francesco 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAutophagy-mediated degradation of mitochondria (mitophagy) is a key process in cellular quality control. Although mitophagy impairment is involved in several patho-physiological conditions, valuable methods to induce mitophagy with low toxicity in vivo are still lacking. Herein, we describe a new optogenetic tool to stimulate mitophagy, based on light-dependent recruitment of pro-autophagy protein AMBRA1 to mitochondrial surface. Upon illumination, AMBRA1-RFP-sspB is efficiently relocated from the cytosol to mitochondria, where it reversibly mediates mito-aggresome formation and reduction of mitochondrial mass. Finally, as a proof of concept of the biomedical relevance of this method, we induced mitophagy in an in vitro model of neurotoxicity, fully preventing cell death, as well as in human T lymphocytes and in zebrafish in vivo. Given the unique features of this tool, we think it may turn out to be very useful for a wide range of both therapeutic and research applications.
Enhanced β-adrenergic signalling underlies an age-dependent beneficial metabolic effect of PI3K p110α inactivation in adipose tissue
Authors: Araiz Caroline , Yan Anqi , Bettedi Lucia , Samuelson Isabella , Virtue Sam , McGavigan Anne K. , Dani Christian , Vidal-Puig Antonio , Foukas Lazaros C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe insulin/IGF-1 signalling pathway is a key regulator of metabolism and the rate of ageing. We previously documented that systemic inactivation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) p110α, the principal PI3K isoform that positively regulates insulin signalling, results in a beneficial metabolic effect in aged mice. Here we demonstrate that deletion of p110α specifically in the adipose tissue leads to less fat accumulation over a significant part of adult life and allows the maintenance of normal glucose tolerance despite insulin resistance. This effect of p110α inactivation is due to a potentiating effect on β-adrenergic signalling, which leads to increased catecholamine-induced energy expenditure in the adipose tissue. Our findings provide a paradigm of how partial inactivation of an essential component of the insulin signalling pathway can have an overall beneficial metabolic effect and suggest that PI3K inhibition could potentiate the effect of β-adrenergic agonists in the treatment of obesity and its associated comorbidities.
Lower synaptic density is associated with depression severity and network alterations
Authors: Holmes Sophie E. , Scheinost Dustin , Finnema Sjoerd J. , Naganawa Mika , Davis Margaret T. , DellaGioia Nicole , Nabulsi Nabeel , Matuskey David , Angarita Gustavo A. , Pietrzak Robert H. , Duman Ronald S. , Sanacora Gerard , Krystal John H. , Carson Richard E. , Esterlis Irina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSynaptic loss and deficits in functional connectivity are hypothesized to contribute to symptoms associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) can be used to index the number of nerve terminals, an indirect estimate of synaptic density. Here, we used positron emission tomography (PET) with the SV2A radioligand [11C]UCB-J to examine synaptic density in n = 26 unmedicated individuals with MDD, PTSD, or comorbid MDD/PTSD. The severity of depressive symptoms was inversely correlated with SV2A density, and individuals with high levels of depression showing lower SV2A density compared to healthy controls (n = 21). SV2A density was also associated with aberrant network function, as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) functional connectivity. This is the first in vivo evidence linking lower synaptic density to network alterations and symptoms of depression. Our findings provide further incentive to evaluate interventions that restore synaptic connections to treat depression.
Ultra-high resolution imaging of thin films and single strands of polythiophene using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Korolkov Vladimir V. , Summerfield Alex , Murphy Alanna , Amabilino David B. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Beton Peter H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractReal-space images of polymers with sub-molecular resolution could provide valuable insights into the relationship between morphology and functionality of polymer optoelectronic devices, but their acquisition is problematic due to perceived limitations in atomic force microscopy (AFM). We show that individual thiophene units and the lattice of semicrystalline spin-coated films of polythiophenes (PTs) may be resolved using AFM under ambient conditions through the low-amplitude (≤ 1 nm) excitation of higher eigenmodes of a cantilever. PT strands are adsorbed on hexagonal boron nitride near-parallel to the surface in islands with lateral dimensions ~10 nm. On the surface of a spin-coated PT thin film, in which the thiophene groups are perpendicular to the interface, we resolve terminal CH3-groups in a square arrangement with a lattice constant 0.55 nm from which we can identify abrupt boundaries and also regions with more slowly varying disorder, which allow comparison with proposed models of PT domains.
Strong vibrational coupling in room temperature plasmonic resonators
Authors: Wang Junzhong , Yu Kuai , Yang Yang , Hartland Gregory V. , Sader John E. , Wang Guo Ping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStrong vibrational coupling has been realized in a variety of mechanical systems. However, there have been no experimental observations of strong coupling of the acoustic modes of plasmonic nanostructures, due to rapid energy dissipation in these systems. Here we realized strong vibrational coupling in ultra-high frequency plasmonic nanoresonators by increasing the vibrational quality factors by an order of magnitude. We achieved the highest frequency quality factor products of f × Q = 1.0 × 1013 Hz for the fundamental mechanical modes, which exceeds the value of 0.6 × 1013 Hz required for ground state cooling. Avoided crossing was observed between vibrational modes of two plasmonic nanoresonators with a coupling rate of g = 7.5 ± 1.2 GHz, an order of magnitude larger than the dissipation rates. The intermodal strong coupling was consistent with theoretical calculations using a coupled oscillator model. Our results enabled a platform for future observation and control of the quantum behavior of phonon modes in metallic nanoparticles.
Glucocorticoid-resistant B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia displays receptor tyrosine kinase activation
Authors: Chougule Rohit A. , Shah Kinjal , Moharram Sausan A. , Vallon-Christersson Johan , Kazi Julhash U. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe response of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to dexamethasone predicts the long-term remission outcome. To explore the mechanisms of dexamethasone resistance in B cell ALL (B-ALL), we generated dexamethasone-resistant clones by prolonged treatment with dexamethasone. Using RNA-sequencing and high-throughput screening, we found that dexamethasone-resistant cells are dependent on receptor tyrosine kinases. Further analysis with phosphokinase arrays showed that the type III receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 is constitutively active in resistant cells. Targeted next-generation and Sanger sequencing identified an internal tandem duplication mutation and a point mutation (R845G) in FLT3 in dexamethasone-resistant cells, which were not present in the corresponding sensitive clones. Finally, we showed that resistant cells displayed sensitivity to second-generation FLT3 inhibitors both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our data suggest that long-term dexamethasone treatment selects cells with a distinct genetic background, in this case oncogenic FLT3, and therefore therapies targeting FLT3 might be useful for the treatment of relapsed B-ALL patients.
Dynamics of Broadband Lasing Cascade from a Single Dot-in-well InGaAs Microdisk
Authors: Talalaev Vadim , Kryzhanovskaya Natalia , Tomm Jens W. , Rutckaia Viktoriia , Schilling Joerg , Zhukov Alexey 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe development of a fast semiconductor laser is required for the realization of next-generation telecommunication applications. Since lasers operating on quantum dot ground state transitions exhibit only limited gain due to the saturation effect, we investigate lasing from excited states and compare its corresponding static and dynamic behavior to the one from the ground state. InAs quantum dots (QDs) grown in dot-in-well (DWELL) structures allowed to obtain light emission from ground and three excited states in a spectral range of 1.0–1.3 μm. This emission was coupled to whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of a 6 μm microdisk resonator and studied at room temperature by steady-state and time-resolved micro-photoluminescence. We demonstrate a cascade development of lasing arising from the ladder of quantum dot states, and compare the lasing behavior of ground and excited state emission. While the lasing threshold is being increased from the ground state to the highest excited state, the dynamic behavior is improved: turn-on times and lifetimes of WGMs become shorter paving the way towards high frequency direct driven microlasers.
Wave attenuation and trapping in 3D printed cantilever-in-mass metamaterials with spatially correlated variability
Authors: Beli Danilo , Fabro Adriano T. , Ruzzene Massimo , Arruda José Roberto F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAdditive manufacturing has become a fundamental tool to fabricate and experimentally investigate mechanical metamaterials and phononic crystals. However, this manufacturing process produces spatially correlated variability that breaks the translational periodicity, which might compromise the wave propagation performance of metamaterials. We demonstrate that the vibration attenuation profile is strictly related to the spatial profile of the variability, and that there exists an optimal disorder degree below which the attenuation bandwidth widens; for high disorder levels, the band gap mistuning annihilates the overall attenuation. The variability also induces a spatially variant locally resonant band gap that progressively slow down the group velocity until an almost zero value, giving rise to wave trapping effect near the lower band gap boundary. Inspired by this wave trapping phenomenon, a rainbow metamaterial with linear spatial-frequency trapping is also proposed, which have potential applications in energy harvesting, spatial wave filtering and non-destructive evaluation at low frequency. This report provides a deeper understanding of the differences between numerical simulations using nominal designed properties and experimental analysis of metamaterials constructed in 3D printing. These analysis and results may extend to phononic crystals and other periodic systems to investigate their wave and dynamic performance as well as robustness under variability.
Direct observation of single organic molecules grafted on the surface of a silicon nanowire
Authors: Puglisi Rosaria A. , Caccamo Sebastiano , Bongiorno Corrado , Fisicaro Giuseppe , Genovese Luigi , Goedecker Stefan , Mannino Giovanni , La Magna Antonino 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSilicon nanowires inspire since decades a great interest for their fundamental scientific importance and their potential in new technologies. When decorated with organic molecules they form hybrid composites with applications in various fields, from sensors to life science. Specifically the diethyl 1-propylphosphonate/Si combination is considered as a promising alternative to the conventional semiconductor n-type doping methods, thanks to its solution-based processing, which is damage-free and intrinsically conformal. For these characteristics, it is a valid doping process for patterned materials and nanostructures such as the nanowires. Our joined experimental and theoretical study provides insights at atomistic level on the molecular activation, grafting and self-assembling mechanisms during the deposition process. For the first time to the best of our knowledge, by using scanning transmission electron microscopy the direct visualization of the single molecules arranged over the Si nanowire surface is reported. The results demonstrate that the molecules undergo to a sequential decomposition and self-assembling mechanism, finally forming a chemical bond with the silicon atoms. The ability to prepare well-defined molecule decorated Si nanowires opens up new opportunities for fundamental studies and nanodevice applications in diverse fields like physics, chemistry, engineering and life sciences.
Investigation of the diagonal elements of the Wigner’s reaction matrix for networks with violated time reversal invariance
Authors: Ławniczak Michał , Sirko Leszek 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe distributions of the diagonal elements of the Wigner’s reaction $$\hat{K}$$

K
ˆ

matrix for open systems with violated time reversal T invariance in the case of large absorption are for the first time experimentally studied. The Wigner’s reaction matrix links the properties of chaotic systems with the scattering processes in the asymptotic region. Microwave networks consisting of microwave circulators were used in the experiment to simulate quantum graphs with violated T invariance. The distributions of the diagonal elements of the reaction $$\hat{K}$$

K
ˆ

matrix were experimentally evaluated by measuring of the two-port scattering matrix $$\hat{S}$$

S
ˆ

. The violation of T invariance in the networks with large absorption was demonstrated by calculating the enhancement factor W of the matrix $$\hat{S}$$

S
ˆ

. Our experimental results are in very good agreement with the analytic ones attained for the Gaussian unitary ensemble in the random matrix theory. The obtained results suggest that the distributions P(ʋ) and P(u) of the imaginary and the real parts of the diagonal elements of the Wigner’s reaction $$\hat{K}$$

K
ˆ

matrix together with the enhancement factor W can be used as a powerful tool for identification of systems with violated T symmetry and quantification of their absorption.
Alterations of protein expression of phospholamban, ZASP and plakoglobin in human atria in subgroups of seniors
Authors: Gergs Ulrich , Mangold Winnie , Langguth Frank , Hatzfeld Mechthild , Hauptmann Steffen , Bushnaq Hasan , Simm Andreas , Silber Rolf-Edgar , Neumann Joachim 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe mature mammalian myocardium contains composite junctions (areae compositae) that comprise proteins of adherens junctions as well as desmosomes. Mutations or deficiency of many of these proteins are linked to heart failure and/or arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy in patients. We firstly wanted to address the question whether the expression of these proteins shows an age-dependent alteration in the atrium of the human heart. Right atrial biopsies, obtained from patients undergoing routine bypass surgery for coronary heart disease were subjected to immunohistology and/or western blotting for the plaque proteins plakoglobin (γ-catenin) and plakophilin 2. Moreover, the Z-band protein cypher 1 (Cypher/ZASP) and calcium handling proteins of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) like phospholamban, SERCA and calsequestrin were analyzed. We noted expression of plakoglobin, plakophilin 2 and Cypher/ZASP in these atrial preparations on western blotting and/or immunohistochemistry. There was an increase of Cypher/ZASP expression with age. The present data extend our knowledge on the expression of anchoring proteins and SR regulatory proteins in the atrium of the human heart and indicate an age-dependent variation in protein expression. It is tempting to speculate that increased expression of Cypher/ZASP may contribute to mechanical changes in the aging human myocardium.
Global variation of soil microbial carbon-use efficiency in relation to growth temperature and substrate supply
Authors: Qiao Yang , Wang Jing , Liang Guopeng , Du Zhenggang , Zhou Jian , Zhu Chen , Huang Kun , Zhou Xuhui , Luo Yiqi , Yan Liming , Xia Jianyang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSoil microbial carbon-use efficiency (CUE), which is defined as the ratio of growth over C uptake, is commonly assumed as a constant or estimated by a temperature-dependent function in current microbial-explicit soil carbon (C) models. The temperature-dependent function (i.e., CUE = CUE0 + m × (T − 20)) simulates the dynamic CUE based on the specific CUE at a given reference temperature (i.e., CUE0) and a temperature response coefficient (i.e., m). Here, based on 780 observations from 98 sites, we showed a divergent spatial distribution of the soil microbial CUE (0.5 ± 0.25; mean ± SD) at the global scale. Then, the key parameters CUE0 and m in the above equation were estimated as 0.475 and −0.016, respectively, based on the observations with the Markov chain Monte Carlo technique. We also found a strong dependence of microbial CUE on the type of C substrate. The multiple regression analysis showed that glucose influences the variation of measured CUE associated with the environmental factors. Overall, this study confirms the global divergence of soil microbial CUE and calls for the incorporation of C substrate beside temperature in estimating the microbial CUE in different biomes.
Incomplete cell disruption of resistant microbes
Authors: Starke Robert , Jehmlich Nico , Alfaro Trinidad , Dohnalkova Alice , Capek Petr , Bell Sheryl L. , Hofmockel Kirsten S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBiomolecules for OMIC analysis of microbial communities are commonly extracted by bead-beating or ultra-sonication, but both showed varying yields. In addition to that, different disruption pressures are necessary to lyse bacteria and fungi. However, the disruption efficiency and yields comparing bead-beating and ultra-sonication of different biological material have not yet been demonstrated. Here, we show that ultra-sonication in a bath transfers three times more energy than bead-beating over 10 min. TEM imaging revealed intact gram-positive bacterial and fungal cells whereas the gram-negative bacterial cells were destroyed beyond recognition after 10 min of ultra-sonication. DNA extraction using 10 min of bead-beating revealed higher yields for fungi but the extraction efficiency was at least three-fold lower considering its larger genome. By our critical viewpoint, we encourage the review of the commonly used extraction techniques as we provide evidence for a potential underrepresentation of resistant microbes, particularly fungi, in ecological studies.
Verbal Abuse Related to Self-Esteem Damage and Unjust Blame Harms Mental Health and Social Interaction in College Population
Authors: Yun Je-Yeon , Shim Geumsook , Jeong Bumseok 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVerbal abuse is an emotional abuse intended to inflict intense humiliation-denigration-fear as perceived by exposed person. Network-based approaches have been applied to explore the integrative-segregated patterns of associations among the psychological features and external stimuli for diverse populations; few studies reported for verbal abuse effects in college population. Self-reporting measurements acquired form 5,616 college students were used for network analyses. Escalating cascades of verbal abuse from differential sources (parents, peers, or supervisors; network 1) and directed associations among verbal abuse severity-psychopathology-social interaction (network 2) were estimated using the directed acyclic graphs. Principal connectors of verbal abuse–psychopathology–social interaction were shown using the graph theory metrics calculated from the intra-individual covariance networks (network 3). Directed propagating patterns of verbal abuse phenomena differed by source (network 1). Severe peer-related verbal abuse affected psychomotor changes and influenced irritability (network 2). Verbal abuse of self-esteem damage and unjust blame served as connectors in the verbal abuse-psychopathology-social interaction; influence of smartphone overuse-related distress was stronger in cases with more severe verbal abuse (network 3). Verbal abuse that damages self-esteem and conveys unjust blame harms mental health and social interaction for college population.