bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An initial investigation of neonatal neuroanatomy, caregiving, and levels of disorganized behavior
Authors: Rifkin-Graboi Anne , Tan Hui Min , Shaun Goh Kok Yew , Sim Lit Wee , Sanmugam Shamini , Chong Yap Seng , Tan Kok Hian , Shek Lynette , Gluckman Peter D. , Chen Helen , Fortier Marielle , Meaney Michael J. , Qiu Anqi 
Published: August 2019

Significance
Attachment disorganization is important to mental health, and is predicted by differences in caregiving. Still, not all children are equally influenced by such environmental factors. We examined whether differences in brain structures important to stress regulation influence the relation between maternal sensitive caregiving and levels of disorganization. We assessed brains at birth, as children are not yet exposed to substantial variation in parenting at this point in time. Our findings indicate that differences in the hippocampus, a structure important to conflict and stress, influence the association between caregiving and child outcomes. If replicated, this work may allow for more targeted interventions, and suggests the need to enhance fear regulation capabilities in infants likely to be exposed to lower quality caregiving.
Neonicotinoids in excretion product of phloem-feeding insects kill beneficial insects
Authors: Calvo-Agudo Miguel , González-Cabrera Joel , Picó Yolanda , Calatayud-Vernich Pau , Urbaneja Alberto , Dicke Marcel , Tena Alejandro 
Published: August 2019

Significance
The use of insecticides in agriculture is one of the suggested causes of the decline in insect populations. Neonicotinoids are among the most widely used insecticides. However, they have important negative side effects, especially for pollinators and other beneficial insects feeding on floral nectar and pollen. We identified an exposure route: Neonicotinoids reach and kill beneficial insects when they feed on the most abundant carbohydrate source for insects in agroecosystems, honeydew. Honeydew is the excretion product of phloem-feeding hemipteran insects such as aphids, mealybugs, whiteflies, or psyllids. This route of exposure is likely to affect a much wider range of beneficial insects and crops than contaminated nectar. Therefore, it should be included in future environmental risk assessments of neonicotinoids.
Language influences mass opinion toward gender and LGBT equality
Authors: Tavits Margit , Pérez Efrén O. 
Published: August 2019

SignificanceEvidence from 3 survey experiments traces the effects of gender-neutral pronoun use on mass judgments of gender equality and tolerance toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities. The results establish that individual use of gender-neutral pronouns reduces the mental salience of males. This shift is associated with people expressing less bias in favor of traditional gender roles and categories, as manifested in more positive attitudes toward women and LGBT individuals in public affairs.
White cyber-protest in a Facebook group
Authors: Oh David C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study builds upon a nascent body of scholarship that examines the transnational movement of White Westerners.
The purpose is to complicate the literature on multiculturalism and globalization by examining the “reverse” migration from,
rather than to, the West. Specifically, it examines White migrants’ mobilization of online social protest through a Facebook group
that came together in response to a report broadcast on South Korea’s Munhwa Broadcasting Company (MBC) that was interpreted as
racist and xenophobic. In response, White residents in Korea organized dissent and engaged in symbolic protest that served a
collective ego function, creating community around a perceived sense of shared oppression as racialized minorities. To do so, they
drew on global hierarchies, White supremacy, and heteronormativity to challenge their lack of control over their own
representations in the local culture.
Comparative rhetoric and emic approaches to Chinese persuasive strategies in hotel discourse
Authors: Liu Donghong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMany studies concerning culture and rhetoric have been restricted to the binary distinction of cultures or to etic perspectives by using western theories as framework to point out the weakness of Chinese rhetoric. Taking comparative rhetoric and emic approaches, this paper focuses on logical appeal and ethical appeal to discuss the cultural values reflected in the hotel discourses. In this study content analysis was used to encode the English and Chinese hotel introductions; quantitative method was used for data comparison and an interview for investigating the persuasiveness of the Chinese rhetorical strategies. The relation between cultural values and persuasive strategies was explored. It is concluded that cultural specificity at deep level is still an indispensable factor determining rhetorical strategies despite the globalization.
Stereotype formation
Authors: Zhang Yunying , Han Eun-Jeong , Tran Phi Phuong , Tan Alexis 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The present study aims (1) to study stereotype contents of a target population, and (2) to test the predictive
power of three contesting theoretical models in the communication framework of who→says what→in which channel→to whom→with what
effect (Lasswell, 1948). A purposive sample of (N = 291) Vietnamese
high school and college students found that they have positive stereotypes about Americans in general and a mix of positive and
negative stereotypes about Black/African-Americans. Of the three theoretical models, the communication model had collectively the
strongest predictors, followed by the psychological model, and then the contact model. Theoretical as well as practical
implications of the study is discussed.
Stretching the boundaries
Authors: Pilus Zahariah , Zakaria Nur Shahida , Zakaria Muhamad Khairul , Wahid Ridwan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Nowadays, international communication using English as the medium is a common occurrence. To communicate
effectively, English as a second language (ESL) speakers need to possess relevant communicative skills including understanding and
being familiar with inner circle accents. This paper seeks to find out ESL learners’ evaluative reactions to four inner circle
accents, representing British, American, Australian and New Zealand English varieties, through an accent perception and a survey
task conducted on Malaysian undergraduates at a public university in Malaysia. The participants responded to descriptors on
speaker attributes categorized into three dimensions: competence, social appeal and accent
preference while or after listening to a recorded passage read in one of the four accents by male and female
speakers. The learners showed a tendency to prefer certain accents more than others. In general, the best rated accent was the
British accent for the male speakers and the American accent for the female speakers. The New Zealand accent was rated the lowest
among the male speakers and one of the lowest among the female speakers. The study also found that speaker’s competence, speaker’s
social appeal and accent preference were positively correlated. These findings highlight the importance of listening practices and
exposure to various English accents in ESL classrooms to prepare students for international and intercultural communication.
Second order structure functions for higher powers of turbulent velocity
Authors: Paraz F , Bandi M M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We experimentally study the temporal second-order structure functions for integer powers of turbulent fluid velocity fluctuations

, in three dimensional (3D) and two dimensional (2D) turbulence. Here

is a composite time-series constructed by averaging the concurrent time-series (

) sampled at N spatially distributed Eulerian points. The N  =  1 case has been extensively studied for velocity fluctuations (m  =  1) and to a lesser extent for m  >  1. The averaging method in case of N  >  1 diverges from the Kolmogorov framework and has not been studied because fluctuations in

are expected to smooth with increasing N leaving behind uninteresting large-scale mean flow information, but we find this is not so. We report the evolution of scaling exponents

for

in going from a single (N  =  1) to a spatial average over several Eulerian points (

). Our 3D experiments in a tank with rotating jets at the floor show

for all m-values in agreement with prior results and evolves to an asymptotic value of

. The evolution of

follows the functional form

, where

points is the only fit parameter representing the convergence rate constant. Results for the 2D experiments conducted in a gravity assisted soap film in the enstrophy cascade regime are in sharp contrast with their 3D counterparts. Firstly

varies polynomially with m and asymptotes to a constant value at m  =  5. Secondly, the evolution of

is logarithmic

, where A and B are fit parameters and eventually deviates at large N and asymptotes to

for all m. The starkly different convergence forms (exponential in 3D versus logarithmic in 2D) may be interpreted as a signature of inter-scale couplings in the respective turbulent flows by decomposing the two-point correlator for

into a self-correlation and cross-correlation term. In addition to aiding in the theoretical development, the results may also have implications for determination of resolution in 2D turbulence experiments and simulations, wind energy and atmospheric boundary layer turbulence.
Phenotypic and genetic characterization ofPseudomonas aeruginosaisolate COP2 from the lungs of COPD patients in China
Authors: Zhao Kelei , Yuan Yang , Li Jing , Pan Wenjuan , Yan Chaochao , Fu Huiyao , Lin Jiafu , Yue Bisong , Wang Xinrong , Gou Xiaojun , Chu Yiwen , Zhou Yingshun 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTPseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen normally associated with increasing morbidity and mortality of immunocompromised hosts with respiratory infections. The phenotypic and genetic features of P. aeruginosa from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain poorly understood. By using the sputum samples of 25 hospitalized COPD patients from the affiliated hospital of Southwest Medical University (China), we identified a P. aeruginosa isolate, COP2, which showed multiple antibiotic resistance and enhanced Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) production but decreased motility, biofilm formation and virulence compared with the model strain PAO1. Importantly, COP2 harbored a substantial amount of mutations that might influence the functions of 1771 genes in the genome and the evolutionary status of this isolate was clearly distinct from the PAO1 lineage. Accordingly, COP2 had a discrepant transcriptional pattern relating to flagellar assembly, antibiotic resistance, biofilm and PQS production, and can increase the capacities of compound degradation in response to resource/space stresses. Therefore, the identification of COP2 in this study provides preliminary information regarding the genetic features and survival strategy of P. aeruginosa in colonizing COPD lungs and lays the foundations for further understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of pseudomonal infections.
Internet search query data improve forecasts of daily emergency department volume
Authors: Tideman Sam , Santillana Mauricio , Bickel Jonathan , Reis Ben 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveEmergency departments (EDs) are increasingly overcrowded. Forecasting patient visit volume is challenging. Reliable and accurate forecasting strategies may help improve resource allocation and mitigate the effects of overcrowding. Patterns related to weather, day of the week, season, and holidays have been previously used to forecast ED visits. Internet search activity has proven useful for predicting disease trends and offers a new opportunity to improve ED visit forecasting. This study tests whether Google search data and relevant statistical methods can improve the accuracy of ED volume forecasting compared with traditional data sources.Materials and MethodsSeven years of historical daily ED arrivals were collected from Boston Children’s Hospital. We used data from the public school calendar, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Google Trends. Multiple linear models using LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) for variable selection were created. The models were trained on 5 years of data and out-of-sample accuracy was judged using multiple error metrics on the final 2 years.ResultsAll data sources added complementary predictive power. Our baseline day-of-the-week model recorded average percent errors of 10.99%. Autoregressive terms, calendar and weather data reduced errors to 7.71%. Search volume data reduced errors to 7.58% theoretically preventing 4 improperly staffed days.DiscussionThe predictive power provided by the search volume data may stem from the ability to capture population-level interaction with events, such as winter storms and infectious diseases, that traditional data sources alone miss.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that search volume data can meaningfully improve forecasting of ED visit volume and could help improve quality and reduce cost.
Prophylactic Probiotics in Burn Patients: Risk versus Reward
Authors: Fleming Derek , Jiang Yuli , Opoku Kwaku , Alhaj Saleh Adel , Larumbe-Zabala Eneko , Kesey Jennifer E , Griswold John A , Dissanaike Sharmila 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Probiotics are often used in critically ill patients to prevent antibiotic-associated complications, including Clostridium difficile colitis. However, clinical evidence of their efficacy is lacking. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of prophylactic probiotic administration on bowel function, gut microbial diversity, and nutritional markers in adult burn patients. A retrospective cohort study was done on 108 burn patients aged 18 to 89. Patients were given >1 million colony-forming units per day of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Testing for C. difficile was used as a surrogate marker for the presence of diarrhea. Serum C-reactive protein and prealbumin values were measured. Additionally, the gut microbial diversity of eight patients was tracked via 16S quantitative PCR before and throughout the course of a standard probiotic regimen. Patients receiving oral probiotics had more reported diarrhea in the first and second weeks of treatment. In the second week, C-reactive protein levels were increased, while serum prealbumin levels were lower in patients receiving probiotics, suggesting potential malabsorption. Additionally, there was no difference in C. difficile infection, sepsis rates, emesis, or gastric residuals, indicating an absence of therapeutic benefit for probiotic administration in burn patients. Furthermore, it was determined that no discernible benefit to gut microbial diversity was conferred by probiotic therapy. Prophylactic probiotics in burn patients are not associated with improvements in patient outcomes and may in fact be associated with an increased incidence of diarrhea and malabsorption. Additional research is needed before routine use in burn patients.
Chronic Systemic Symptoms in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Murphy Barbara A , Wulff-Burchfield Elizabeth , Ghiam Michael , Bond Stewart M , Deng Jie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe systemic effects and manifestations of disease and treatment have been of interest for millennium. Until recently, basic and clinical research is just now reaching a watershed. Systemic symptoms usually do not occur in isolation but rather in clusters; however, much of the cutting-edge research pertaining to the etiology, mechanism, manifestations, and moderators of systemic symptoms in humans has been directed at individual symptoms, thus creating silos of knowledge. Breaching these silos and bridging the knowledge from disparate arenas of investigation to build a comprehensive depiction of acute and chronic systemic symptoms has been a challenge. In addition, much of the recent work in systemic symptoms has been conducted in the setting of nonmalignant disease. The degree to which the findings from other chronic disease processes can be translated into the oncologic realm is unknown. This article will explore inflammation as a major contributing factor to systemic symptoms and sickness behavior, discuss the most common manifestations in cancer survivors, and, where available, discuss specific data pertaining to head and neck cancer survivors.
Conversation with Chen-Ning Yang: reminiscence and reflection
Authors: Poo Mu-ming , Chao Alexander Wu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Chen-Ning Yang ( ) is the most distinguished Chinese theoretical physicist. In 1954, together with Robert Mills, he formulated the Yang–Mills Gauge Theory, which led to the development of the Standard Model, the leading framework for understanding particle physics. In 1956, Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee ( ) proposed the possibility of parity non-conservation in weak interaction, which won them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. Besides these two major achievements, Yang made many other seminal contributions to particle physics, statistical physics and condensed matter physics.
At the end of 2003, Yang returned to China from the US and established the Institute for Advanced Study at Tsinghua University in Beijing. NSR’s Executive Editor-in-Chief Mu-ming Poo ( ), a neurobiologist, and Alexander Wu Chao ( ), an accelerator physicist at Stanford University, talked with Professor Yang on a variety of topics, ranging from his retrospective view on Yang–Mills theory, on his contemporary physicists, on tastes in scientific research, and on the current and future developments of Chinese science. The following is an excerpt from this conversation that took place on 21 March 2019 at Tsinghua University, Beijing.
Tough Love: The Effects of Debt Contract Design on Firms’ Performance
Authors: Spyridopoulos Ioannis 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
I investigate whether restrictive loan covenants disrupt or improve firms’ operating performance. Using an instrumental variables approach to address the endogenous relationship between covenant strictness and firms’ efficiency, I find that stricter loan covenants lead to an increase in profitability and firm value even when firms do not violate a covenant. Stricter covenants improve performance only in firms with managerial agency conflicts: those without large shareholder ownership, facing softer competition in their product market, or with weaker shareholder rights. The evidence suggests that by designing stringent contracts ex ante, creditors create positive externalities in poorly governed firms through managerial incentives.
Received December 7, 2018; editorial decision May 31, 2019 by Editor Uday Rajan. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Evening intake of alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine: night-to-night associations with sleep duration and continuity among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Sleep Study
Authors: Spadola Christine E , Guo Na , Johnson Dayna A , Sofer Tamar , Bertisch Suzanne M , Jackson Chandra L , Rueschman Michael , Mittleman Murray A , Wilson James G , Redline Susan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Study Objectives
We examined the night-to-night associations of evening use of alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine with actigraphically estimated sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset (WASO) among a large cohort of African American adults.

Methods
Participants in the Jackson Heart Sleep Study underwent wrist actigraphy for an average of 6.7 nights and completed concurrent daily sleep diary assessments to record any consumption of alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine within 4 hours of bedtime. Linear mixed-effect models were fit and adjusted for age, sex, educational attainment, body mass index, depression, anxiety, stress, and having work/school the next day.

Results
Eligible participants (n = 785) were an average of 63.7 years (SD: 10.6), and were predominantly female (67.9%). There were 5164 days of concurrent actigraphy and sleep diary data. Evening alcohol use was associated with that night’s lower sleep efficiency (−0.98% [95% CI: −1.67% to −0.29%], p = 0.005), but not with WASO or sleep duration. Evening nicotine use was associated with that night’s lower sleep efficiency [1.74% (95% CI: −2.79 to −0.68), p = 0.001] and 6.09 minutes higher WASO ([95% CI: 0.82 to 11.35], p = 0.02), but was not associated with sleep duration. Evening caffeine use was not associated with any of the sleep parameters.

Conclusion
Nicotine and alcohol use within 4 hours of bedtime were associated with increased sleep fragmentation in the associated night, even after controlling for multiple potential confounders. These findings support the importance of sleep health recommendations that promote the restriction of evening alcohol and nicotine use to improve sleep continuity.
The impact of mobile applications on medication adherence: a systematic review
Authors: Ng Ricki , Carter Stephen R , El-Den Sarira 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn 2008, Apple and Android launched their Application or “App” stores. Since then, there has been a growing interest in using mobile apps for improving medication adherence. However, research on the efficacy of apps, in terms of improved medication adherence and clinical outcome and/or patient-related outcome measures (PROMs) is scarce. The objective of this research was to systematically review the impact of apps on consumers’ medication adherence and to determine the effect on clinical outcome and/or PROM(s). A systematic literature search was conducted to identify publications aimed at improving medication adherence published from January 2008 to April 2018. All studies were assessed for risk of bias using either the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies-of Interventions or the revised tool for Risk of Bias in randomized trials tool, depending on study design. Eleven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 10 non-RCTs were included. All 11 RCTs showed improvements in adherence; however, only seven reported statistically significant improvements in at least one adherence measure. Nine RCTs also demonstrated improvements in clinical outcome/PROM(s), of which five were statistically significant, whereas two RCTs did not report on clinical outcome/PROM(s). Only two studies using non-RCT study designs showed statistically significant improvements in all measures of adherence and clinical outcome/PROM(s). The risk of bias was moderate or serious for all included studies. Even though the use of an app may improve adherence, it is difficult to draw conclusions regarding the impact of apps on medication adherence due to the high degree of heterogeneity across studies, from the methodological design to the features of the app and the measure of adherence.