bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing of Epiphysiodesis to Correct Leg-Length Discrepancy
Authors: Makarov Marina R. , Jackson Taylor J. , Smith Connor M. , Jo Chan-Hee , Birch John G. 
Published: July 2018

Background:
The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of different methods used to predict ultimate leg lengths and residual leg-length discrepancy in a group of patients treated with epiphysiodesis at our institution.

Methods:
Seventy-seven patients with adequate preoperative radiographs, no postoperative complications, and follow-up to skeletal maturity composed the study group. We compared the predicted lengths of both legs and residual leg-length discrepancy at maturity with actual outcomes using the White-Menelaus, Anderson-Green, Moseley, and multiplier methods.

Results:
Skeletal age varied >1 year from chronological age in 61 (26%) of 231 observations, including 19 patients (25%) whose average skeletal age from 3 determinations differed by >1 year from chronological age. The prediction accuracy of each method was improved by using skeletal, rather than chronological, age. Error in prediction of the length of the short leg varied from a mean (and standard deviation) of 1.8 ± 1.2 cm for the straight-line graph to 2.5 ± 2.0 cm for the multiplier method. Prediction error for the long leg (after epiphysiodesis) varied from a mean of 1.2 ± 1.1 cm for the straight-line graph to 1.7 ± 1.5 cm for the multiplier method. Leg-length-discrepancy prediction error ranged from a mean of 0.7 ± 0.6 cm for the White-Menelaus method incorporating a growth inhibition factor to 1.1 ± 0.9 cm for the multiplier method. The multiplier method was the least accurate of all. All differences were significant.

Conclusions:
Determination of skeletal age is clinically relevant in patients being considered for epiphysiodesis to manage leg-length inequality. The multiplier method was the least accurate of the prediction methods in this patient population, which may have implications in calculating the appropriate timing of epiphysiodesis.
Fatty Acids Decrease in Pearl Millet Forage from Relative Increases of Pseudostem
Authors: Goossen C. P. , Kraft J. , Bosworth S. C. 
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas
Fatty acid content and composition of lamina and pseudostem are markedly different.
Whole plant fatty acid analysis is a non‐ideal presentation for warm‐season annuals.
Lamina mass ratio is an important correlate of fatty acids in warm‐season annuals.
Managing for greater lamina intake may greatly influence animal fatty acid supply.
Forage fatty acids (FA) are linked with consumer‐desired FA composition of ruminant meat and dairy products. Maturing forage grasses decrease in α‐linolenic acid (ALA) and ΣFA content, and this is exacerbated in tall summer annuals. We compared ALA and ΣFA content within pearl millet [Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone] fractions to determine if decreases are attributable to advancing maturity within fractions or simply to the change in proportion of the fractions. Samples were collected six times, from early vegetative to late boot stage. Lamina and pseudostem fractions were separated, and whole plant FA composition was calculated from the weighted average of the fractions. As pearl millet matured, ALA and ΣFA content decreased by 55 to 56% within pseudostems and on a whole‐plant basis, although only by 10% in laminae. The ALA proportion of ΣFA decreased by 14% on a whole plant basis, despite not changing within constituent fractions.
Correlation Between Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Levels, Free Fatty Acid Levels, and Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Nasriati Fazria , Hidayat Rudy , Budiman Budiman , Rinaldi Ikhwan 
Published: July 2018

Background:The mortality of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is quite high, which is largely due to cardiovascular complications caused by endothelial dysfunction. One of the important inflammatory mediators that contribute to RA joints arthritis of TNF-α, also proven to play a role in endothelial dysfunction and play a role in increasing intracellular lipolysis, thus increasing circulating FFA levels.Objectives:To determine the correlation between TNF-α levels with VCAM-1 levels, correlation of TNF-α levels with FFA levels, and correlation of FFA levels with VCAM-1 levels.Methods:Cross sectional and retrospective design studies of adult RA patients treated at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM), without metabolic disturbances, acute infection, cardiovascular disorders, or other autoimmune diseases. The cross-sectional data was collected from October to November 2017, while retrospective samples were collected since August 2016. TNF-α, VCAM-1, and FFA levels were assessed by serum blood test by ELISA method. Correlation analysis is done by Pearson analysis when the data distribution is normal and with Spearman analysis when the data distribution is not normal.Results:A total of 35 subjects were enrolled in the study. Most (97.1%) were women with an average age of 45.29 years, median disease duration of 48 months, and most had moderate disease activity (65.7%). No significant correlation was found between TNF-α levels and VCAM-1 levels (p = 0.677; r = +0.073). as well betwen TNF-α levels and FFA levels (p = 0.227; r = -0.21). The correlation between FFA and VCAM-1 levels showed significant correlation with negative correlation and weak correlation (p = 0.036; r = -0.355).Conclusions:(1) There was no correlation between TNF-α levels and VCAM-1 levels in RA patients; (2) There was no correlation between TNF-α levels and FFA levels in RA patients; (3) There was a negative correlation between FFA levels and VCAM-1 levels in RA patients.
Hemidystrophic Thorax Mimicking Scoliosis
Authors: Weiss Hans-Rudolf , Seibel Sarah 
Published: July 2018

Background:
We regularly use Angle of Trunk Rotation (ATR) measurements for scoliosis screening and also for clinical follow-up of our scoliosis patients under treatment. In some patients, when ATR measurements exceed the screening threshold but without a significant degree of curvature on the X-ray (Cobb angle), a Hemidystrophic Thorax (HDT) is diagnosed. The purpose of this paper was to present a case series of patients with this kind of thoracic deformity because this may be mimicking scoliosis to a significant degree.

Materials and Methods:
This case series is a consecutive series of patients where the first author detected a hemidystrophic thorax instead of or in combination with scoliosis. A 3D scan of the trunk was made and adjusted to the coordinates in order to achieve an upright orientation of the upper trunk. The scan was scaled in order to determine certain anatomic landmarks, as performed in preparation for bracing. The scan was cut horizontally at the xiphoid level and the plane at this level was analysed visually in order to detect deformations that were different to the typical scoliotic deformations in the horizontal plane.

Results:
Seven cases were analysed and described in more detail.

Conclusion:
The condition of HDT may lead to significant rib humps that mimic scoliosis. According to our case series, mild scoliosis can also be associated with HDT. HDT, according to the cases presented in this study, seems to be a relatively benign deformity. Long-term observations are necessary before a final conclusion can be drawn with respect to prognosis.
HIV Prevention in Adolescents and Young People in the Eastern and Southern African Region: A Review of Key Challenges Impeding Actions for an Effective Response
Authors: Govender Kaymarlin , Masebo Wilfred G.B. , Nyamaruze Patrick , Cowden Richard G. , Schunter Bettina T. , Bains Anurita 
Published: July 2018

The global commitment to ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 places HIV prevention at the centre of the response. With the disease continuing to disproportionately affect young populations in the Eastern and Southern African Region (ESAR), particularly adolescent girls and young women, reducing HIV infections in this group is integral to achieving this ambitious target. This paper examines epidemiological patterns of the HIV epidemic among adolescents and young people, indicating where HIV prevention efforts need to be focused (i.e., adolescent girls and young women, adolescent boys and young men and young key populations).Key innovations in the science of HIV prevention and strategies for dealing with programme implementation are reviewed. The paper also discusses the value of processes to mitigate HIV vulnerability and recommends actions needed to sustain the HIV prevention response. Stemming the tide of new HIV infections among young people in the ESAR requires an amplification of efforts across all sectors, which will safeguard past achievements and advance actions towards eliminating AIDS as a public health threat.
User-Driven Comments on a Facebook Advertisement Recruiting Canadian Parents in a Study on Immunization: Content Analysis
Authors: Tustin Jordan Lee , Crowcroft Natasha Sarah , Gesink Dionne , Johnson Ian , Keelan Jennifer , Lachapelle Barbara 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundMore people are searching for immunization information online and potentially being exposed to misinformation and antivaccination sentiment in content and discussions on social media platforms. As vaccination coverage rates remain suboptimal in several developed countries, and outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases become more prevalent, it is important that we build on previous research by analyzing themes in online vaccination discussions, including those that individuals may see without actively searching for information on immunization.ObjectiveThe study aimed to explore the sentiments and themes behind an unsolicited debate on immunization in order to better inform public health interventions countering antivaccination sentiment.MethodsWe analyzed and quantified 117 user-driven open-ended comments on immunization posted in the Comments section of a Facebook advertisement that targeted Canadian parents for recruitment into a larger study on immunization. Then, 2 raters coded all comments using content analysis.ResultsOf 117 comments, 85 were posted by unique commentators, with most being female (65/85, 77%). The largest proportion of the immunization comments were positive (51/117, 43.6%), followed by negative (41/117, 35.0%), ambiguous (20/117, 17.1%), and hesitant (5/117, 4.3%). Inaccurate knowledge (27/130, 20.8%) and misperceptions of risk (23/130, 17.7%) were most prevalent in the 130 nonpositive comments. Other claims included distrust of pharmaceutical companies or government agencies (18/130, 13.8%), distrust of the health care system or providers (15/130, 11.5%), past negative experiences with vaccination or beliefs (10/130, 7.7%), and attitudes about health and prevention (10/130, 7.7%). Almost 40% (29/74, 39%) of the positive comments communicated the risks of not vaccinating, followed by judgments on the knowledge level of nonvaccinators (13/74, 18%). A total of 10 positive comments (10/74, 14%) specifically refuted the link between autism and vaccination.ConclusionsThe presence of more than 100 unsolicited user-driven comments on a platform not intended for discussion, nor providing any information on immunization, illustrates the strong sentiments associated with immunization and the arbitrariness of the online platforms used for immunization debates. Health authorities should be more proactive in finding mechanisms to refute misinformation and misperceptions that are propagating uncontested online. Online debates and communications on immunization need to be identified by continuous monitoring in order for health authorities to understand the current themes and trends, and to engage in the discussion.
A Mindfulness Based Support Group for Families in Early Psychosis: A pilot qualitative study
Authors: Whitehorn David , Campbell Mary E. , Cosgrove Patricia , Abidi Sabina , Tibbo Philip G. 
Published: July 2018

Background and Objectives To explore a mindfulness-based support group for parents of young people in care for a first episode of psychosis with an Early Intervention Service (EIS). Material and Methods Family members in EIS were recruited for a one year research protocol with 8 group sessions during which mindfulness practices were introduced. Participants were supported in developing an ongoing mindfulness practice. Focus groups and individual interviews provided data for qualitative analysis of participant experience. Results Participants reported that mindfulness practice was associated with (1) a greater sense of ease, (2) increased awareness, (3) less emotional reactivity, and (4) improved interpersonal relationships. Factors involved in developing a sustained mindfulness practice included the age and stage of illness of the offspring, the stage of family development and prior exposure to mindfulness. Conclusions Sustained mindfulness practice, developed in the context of a mindfulness-based family support group, can provide support in regard to coping and communication for parents of young people in care for a first episode of psychosis. Further exploration of the use of mindfulness to support families encountering mental illness seems warranted.
Understanding Stigma: A Pooled Analysis of a National Program Aimed at Health Care Providers to Reduce Stigma towards Patients with a Mental Illness
Authors: Knaack Stephanie , Szeto Andrew , Kassam Aliya , Hamer Arla , Modgill Geeta , Patten Scott 
Published: July 2018

Background and Objectives The problem of mental illness-related stigma within healthcare is an area of increasing attention and concern. Understanding Stigma is an anti-stigma workshop for healthcare providers that uses social contact as a core teaching element, along with educational and action-oriented components. The objective of our study was to determine the impact of this program on healthcare providers’ attitudes and behavioural intentions towards patients with a mental illness, and also to ascertain whether various participant and program characteristics affected program outcomes. Our paper reports the results of a pooled analysis from multiple replications of this program in different Canadian jurisdictions between 2013 and 2015. Material and Methods We undertook a pooled analysis of six separate replications of the Understanding Stigma program. All program replications were evaluated using a non-randomized quasi experimental pre- post- follow-up design. The Opening Minds Scale for Health Providers (OMS-HC) was used as the main assessment tool. Study-level and individual-level meta-analysis methods were used to synthesize the data. First, the ‘metan’ command was used to show outcomes by study, using a forest plot. Then, a pooled dataset was produced and analyzed using a random intercept linear mixed model approach with each program being modelled as a random effect. Program and participant characteristics were examined as independent variables using this approach. These were each entered individually. Individual tests included pre to post change by program version (original or condensed), by occupation (nurses versus other healthcare providers), by gender, age, and previous diagnosis of a mental illness. Results Program effect sizes ranged from .19 to .51 (Cohen’s d), with an overall combined effect size of .30. The results of the mixed model analysis showed the improvement from pre to post intervention was statistically significant for the total scale and subscales. Analysis of program and participant factors found that version type, healthcare provider type, gender, and previous diagnosis of a mental illness were all non-significant factors on program outcomes. A significant inverse association was revealed between increasing age and score change. Results also showed a significant positive linear relationship between baseline score and improvement from pre to post intervention. Maintenance of scores at follow-up was observed for participants who attended a booster session. Conclusions The results are promising for the effectiveness of this brief intervention model for reducing stigmatizing attitudes and improving behavioural intentions among nurses and other healthcare providers.
Psychogeriatric Care in a Forensic Setting: Mitigating Stress and Burnout for Forensic Nurses
Authors: Forsyth Monica Ginn 
Published: July 2018

Background and Objectives With an aging population and projected increased prevalence of dementia, it has become increasingly important that nurses are equipped to provide appropriate psychogeriatric care. Patients with dementia are more likely to commit legal violations related to their behavioural and psychosocial symptoms, therefore there is a concern with how forensic nurses will be able to manage this population when psychogeriatric and forensic care intersect. Methods Stress and burnout from providing geriatric care is related to lack of knowledge in providing care for this population, conditions of work, including staffing, heavy workload; and taking care of clients with disabilities, agitation, or dementia. Thus, it is imperative that we explore how nursing staff can effectively manage psychogeriatric care in a forensic setting to minimize stress and burnout of staff. Results Five options for geriatric service enhancement will be explored: (1) Provide Gentle Persuasive Approach training to forensic staff; (2) hold an ethics review for staff to discuss the use of therapeutic lying; (3) modify existing policies and procedures to support appropriate geriatric care; (4) augment baseline staffing to include psychiatric care aides in skill mix; (5) and create a secure forensic unit for geriatric populations. Conclusion The author argues that further research is needed that will determine the design of a new Psychogeriatric Forensic Centre.
Recovery-Oriented Practice
Authors: Cavanaugh Sue 
Published: July 2018

Policy-makers, service providers and clinicians have caught on to what patient advocates have been saying for decades: people living with mental health problems can enjoy meaningful lives in their communities and achieve their full potential with the support of the recovery approach. The term recovery does not have one standard definition in mental health. However, there is general agreement among experts that it refers to, as the Mental Health Commission of Canada (MHCC) states, “living a satisfying, hopeful, and contributing life, even when there are ongoing limitations caused by mental health problems and illnesses.” Rather than a one-size-fits-all approach, recovery is a unique path that takes into account the individual’s wants and needs.
O Geógrafo e os Estudos Urbanos
Authors: Carmo Julio Cesar Botega do 
Published: July 2018

Assim como o urbano, os cientistas que tentam explicá-lo são resultado de dado momento histórico e determinados social, política, ideológica, jurídica e economicamente. Com base neste fato e tomando-se as ideias centrais dos intelectuais que por meio da Geografia entendem o espaço urbano, se busca a compreensão da cidade, verificando como a abordagem técnico-científica nos ajuda na compreensão da mesma. A análise abrange a produção da Geografia com relação ao estudo do urbano e de ciências correlatas, suas problemáticas e particularidades. O método utilizado é o da pesquisa histórica/ teórica e na experiência do autor, buscando decifrar e compreender a cidade. Valoriza-se as categorias e conceitos, enquanto ferramentas de conhecimento, de entendimento dos processos, contribuindo no estudo de outros campos e temáticas.
UMA PROPOSTA DE MODELO PREDITIVO PARA O CRESCIMENTO DA TELEFONIA CELULAR NO BRASIL <br><strong>DOI:10.7444/fsrj.v1i1.2</strong>
Authors: Guedes Luís Fernando Ascenção , Vasconcellos Liliana 
Published: July 2018

A Era da Informação caracteriza-se pelo papel central que a comunicação e a conectividade, em sentido amplo, desempenham na vida social. Dentre as formas pelas quais os usuários podem se conectar a redes de voz ou dados, uma das que mais têm se destacado é a telefonia celular. Isso torna a determinação da quantidade de telefones celulares que estarão em operação no Brasil nos próximos anos uma discussão relevante para o planejamento estratégico das empresas do setor. Neste artigo, objetiva-se definir um modelo matemático adequado ao cálculo da quantidade de terminais celulares em operação no Brasil para os próximos anos, como função do comportamento das seguintes variáveis ao longo do tempo: PIB per capita, população, e crescimento percentual do PIB. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa quantitativa, com base em dados secundários obtidos em levantamentos anteriores, e empregou-se a regressão linear e polinomial para correlacionar o PIB per capita com a densidade da telefonia celular. Observou-se uma alta correlação (97,5%) entre a densidade telefônica e o crescimento do PIB do Brasil entre 2004 e 2007. Essa correlação também é alta na Rússia, Índia e China. Além disso, constatou-se que o valor limitante da boa correlação entre o PIB per capita e a densidade de telefonia celular gira em torno de U$ 20.000,00, e o limite da penetração da telefonia celular é de aproximadamente 120%. Assim, levando em conta as várias taxas de crescimento econômico, estima-se que a penetração telefônica celular levará entre 5 e 11 anos para atingir seu teto no Brasil.Palavras-chave: Telefonia celular. Modelo de predição. Telecomunicações.
AVALIAÇÃO DA LEI DE MOORE E PROPOSTA DE UM MODELO DE PREVISÃO ALTERNATIVO BASEADO EM TÉCNICAS DE EXTRAPOLAÇÃO DE TENDÊNCIAS <br><strong>DOI:10.7444/fsrj.v1i2.11</strong>
Authors: D'Emidio Marcelo 
Published: July 2018

Neste estudo, objetiva-se validar o modelo proposto por Moore (1975) - conhecido como Lei de Moore - que descreve adequadamente a evolução tecnológica dos processadores. Também se pretende verificar se ainda é plausível utilizar este modelo como ferramenta preditiva e, finalmente, propor um modelo alternativo. Para tanto, utilizou-se o método de previsão tecnológica de extrapolação de tendências. Os testes estatísticos utilizados apontaram fortes indícios de que o modelo proposto por Moore (1975) descreveu de forma adequada a evolução do número de componentes dos processadores durante as décadas de 70, 80 e 90. Já em relação aos anos 2000, o mesmo não pode ser afirmado, haja vista que este estudo encontrou indícios da necessidade de adaptação do modelo para utilização deste como ferramenta preditiva. Palavras-chave: Lei de Moore. Previsão. Evolução tecnológica.