bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecule–Graphene Hybrid Materials with Tunable Mechanoresponse: Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensors for Health Monitoring
Authors: Huang Chang‐Bo , Witomska Samanta , Aliprandi Alessandro , Stoeckel Marc‐Antoine , Bonini Massimo , Ciesielski Artur , Samorì Paolo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe development of pressure sensors is crucial for the implementation of electronic skins and for health monitoring integrated into novel wearable devices. Tremendous effort is devoted toward improving their sensitivity, e.g., by employing microstructured electrodes or active materials through cumbersome processes. Here, a radically new type of piezoresistive pressure sensor based on a millefeuille‐like architecture of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) intercalated by covalently tethered molecular pillars holding on‐demand mechanical properties are fabricated. By applying a tiny pressure to the multilayer structure, the electron tunnelling ruling the charge transport between successive rGO sheets yields a colossal decrease in the material's electrical resistance. Significantly, the intrinsic rigidity of the molecular pillars employed enables the fine‐tuning of the sensor's sensitivity, reaching sensitivities as high as 0.82 kPa−1 in the low pressure region (0–0.6 kPa), with short response times (≈24 ms) and detection limit (7 Pa). The pressure sensors enable efficient heartbeat monitoring and can be easily transformed into a matrix capable of providing a 3D map of the pressure exerted by different objects.
A Fully 3D Interconnected Graphene–Carbon Nanotube Web Allows the Study of Glioma Infiltration in Bioengineered 3D Cortex‐Like Networks
Authors: Xiao Miao , Li Xiaoyun , Song Qin , Zhang Qi , Lazzarino Marco , Cheng Guosheng , Ulloa Severino Francesco Paolo , Torre Vincent 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCurrently available 3D assemblies based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) lag far behind their 2D CNT‐based bricks and require major improvements for biological applications. By using Fe nanoparticles confined to the interlamination of graphite as catalyst, a fully 3D interconnected CNT web is obtained through the pores of graphene foam (GCNT web) by in situ chemical vapor deposition. This 3D GCNT web has a thickness up to 1.5 mm and a completely geometric, mechanical and electrical interconnectivity. Dissociated cortical cells cultured inside the GCNT web form a functional 3D cortex‐like network exhibiting a spontaneous electrical activity that is closer to what is observed in vivo. By coculturing and fluorescently labeling glioma and healthy cortical cells with different colors, a new in vitro model is obtained to investigate malignant glioma infiltration. This model allows the 3D trajectories and velocity distribution of individual infiltrating glioma to be reconstructed with an unprecedented precision. The model is cost effective and allows a quantitative and rigorous screening of anticancer drugs. The fully 3D interconnected GCNT web is biocompatible and is an ideal tool to study 3D biological processes in vitro representing a pivotal step toward precise and personalized medicine.
Visible‐Light Photoredox‐Catalyzed Thioacetalization of Aldehydes Under Metal‐Free and Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Du Kai , Wang Shao‐Chien , Basha R. Sidick , Lee Chin‐Fa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA first visible‐light photoredox‐catalyzed thioacetalization of aldehydes under metal‐free and solvent‐free conditions is described. Under blue LED irradiation, a reactive thiyl radical was initially generated through single‐electron oxidation of thiol, which subsequently reacted with aldehydes to afford dithioacetals following a radical mechanism. The reaction proceeded under ambient conditions, and a wide range of acyclic and cyclic dithioacetal derivatives were afforded in good to excellent yields.magnified image
Capacitive Organic Anode Based on Fluorinated‐Contorted Hexabenzocoronene: Applicable to Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Storage Cells
Authors: Park Jaehyun , Lee Cheol Woo , Park Ju Hyun , Joo Se Hun , Kwak Sang Kyu , Ahn Seokhoon , Kang Seok Ju 
Published: November 2018

AbstractConducting polymer‐based organic electrochemical capacitor materials have attracted attention because of their highly conductive nature and highly reversible redox reactions on the surface of electrodes. However, owing to their poor stabilities in aprotic electrolytes, alternative organic electrochemical capacitive electrodes are being actively sought. Here, fluorine atoms are introduced into contorted hexabenzocoronene (cHBC) to achieve the first small‐molecule‐based organic capacitive energy‐storage cells that operate at high current rates with satisfactory specific capacities of ≈160 mA h g−1 and superior cycle capabilities (>400) without changing significantly. This high capacitive behavior in the P21/c crystal phase of fluorinated cHBC (FcHBC) is caused mainly by the fluorine atoms at the end of each peripheral aromatic ring. Combined Monte Carlo simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the most electronegative fluorine atoms accelerate ion diffusion on the surface to promote fast Li+ ion uptake and release by an applied current. Moreover, FcHBC has potential applications as the capacitive anode in Na‐ion storage cells. The fast dynamics of its capacitive behavior allow it to deliver a specific capacity of 65 mA h g−1 at a high current of 4000 mA g−1.
A Highly Stable Sodium–Oxygen Battery Using a Mechanically Reinforced Membrane
Authors: Ansari Younes , Virwani Kumar , Yahyazadeh Sogol , Thompson Leslie E. , Lofano Elizabeth , Fong Anthony , Miller Robert D. , La Young‐Hye 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSodium–oxygen batteries have drawn considerable attention due to their high specific energy and the high abundance of sodium. However, stable sodium–oxygen batteries currently require complex cathode formulations. Here, the first demonstration of a highly stable sodium–oxygen system comprising a simple carbon cathode, an ultradry electrolyte, and a newly designed separator that is both capable of blocking dendrites and is impenetrable to oxygen is reported. The battery shows remarkable rechargeability of more than 400 cycles at the current density of 0.28 mA m−2 to the capacity of 1.0 mAh cm−2. An oxygen diffusion study using a dye‐assisted visual chemical reaction proves that the separator efficiently restricts oxygen crossover toward the anode. An in situ atomic force microscope study shows that the discharge product (NaO2) is stable against the electrolyte under anhydrous conditions for over 48 h in either argon or oxygen atmospheres. The sodium–oxygen battery also demonstrates small overpotential (<40 mV) upon charging and remarkable oxygen efficiency (>96%).
A Conceptual Model for Navigating a Career Path in Medical School Leadership
Authors: Cole Michael A. , Barth Bradley E. , Haley Leon L. , Siegelman Jeffrey , Zink Brian , Daniel Michelle 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere is a paucity of literature providing guidance to physicians hoping to attain a position as a medical school dean. Realizing this gap, the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Faculty Development Committee organized an educational session focused on offering faculty guidance for obtaining a position in medical school leadership. The session involved panelists who are nationally known leaders in medical school administration and was successfully presented at the SAEM 2018 annual meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana. Knowledge and perspective gained both during this session and through literature review was analyzed using a conceptual thinking skills framework. This process offered insights that promoted the development of a conceptual model informed by current evidence and expert insight and rooted in educational, economic, and cognitive theory. This model provides a step‐by‐step guide detailing a process that physicians can use to create a plan for professional development that is informed, thoughtful, and individualized to their own needs to optimize their future chances of advancing to a career in medical school leadership.
Concise Synthesis of Polysubstituted Carbohelicenes by a C−H Activation/Radical Reaction/C−H Activation Sequence
Authors: Yin Jiangliang , You Jingsong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDisclosed herein is the merging of C−H activation and radical chemistry, enabling rapid access to a structurally diverse family of fused carbohelicenes through the fusion of α‐acetylnaphthalenes with alkynes under oxidative conditions. This cascade process exhibits exquisite chemoselectivity and regioselectivity. The reaction pathway was analyzed by intermediate separations, control experiments, radical trapping, EPR, MALDI‐TOF‐MS, and ESI‐HRMS experiments, and shown to involve a C2−H activation/radical reaction/C8−H activation relay.
Degradation of sex pheromone and plant volatile components by an antennal glutathione S‐transferase in the oriental fruit moth,Grapholita molesta Busck (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Li Guang‐Wei , Chen Xiu‐Lin , Xu Xiang‐Li , Wu Jun‐Xiang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInsect antennae have a primary function of perceiving and discerning odorant molecules including sex pheromones and host plant volatiles. The assumption that genes highly expressed in the antennae may have an olfactory‐related role associated with signal transduction. Here, one delta subfamily glutathione S‐transferase (GST) gene (GmolGSTD1) was obtained from an antennal transcriptome of Grapholita molesta. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction results revealed that GmolGSTD1 was mainly expressed in antennae and the expression levels were significantly higher in female antennae than in male antennae. The recombinant GmolGSTD1 (rGmolGSTD1) showed glutathione‐conjugating activity toward 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrates. The pH range for optimal rGmolGSTD1 enzyme activity was 6.0–6.5, and rGmolGSTD1 enzyme activity had maximal peaks at 35–40°C. Spectrophotometric analysis indicated that insecticides had weak inhibitory effects on the activity of rGmolGSTD1 with the inhibitory rates of 28.82% for chlorpyrifos, 22.27% for lambda‐cyhalothrin, 18.07% for bifenthrin, 20.42% for acetamiprid, 17.57% for thiamethoxam, 25.67% for metaflumizone, 27.43% for abamectin, and 7.24% for chlorbenzuron. rGmolGSTD1 exhibited high degradation activity to the sex pheromone component (Z)‐8‐dodecenyl alcohol and the host plant volatile butyl hexanoate with the degradation efficiency of 75.01% and 48.54%, respectively. We speculate that GmolGSTD1 works in inactivating odorant molecules and maintaining sensitivity to olfactory communication of G. molesta.
Versuchsgestützte Ermittlung der Unterbausteifigkeit einer großen Eisenbahnbrücke
Authors: Wenner Marc , Meier Thomas , Wedel Frederik , Marx Steffen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWegen der großen Brems‐ und Anfahrkräfte sowie der Verbindung der durchgängig verschweißten Schienen mit dem Überbau spielt die Gleis‐Tragwerks‐Interaktion eine maßgebende Rolle beim Entwurf von längeren Eisenbahnbrücken. Ein wesentlicher Parameter beim Nachweis der Längskraftabtragung im Tragwerk ist die Längssteifigkeit der als Festpunkt ausgebildeten Unterbauten. Die horizontale Ersatzfedersteifigkeit, hier Unterbausteifigkeit genannt, wird i. d. R. rechnerisch über ein Pfahlrostmodell ermittelt. Im Fall der Itztalbrücke wurde die quasistatische Unterbausteifigkeit über eine Probebelastung und die „dynamische“ Unterbausteifigkeit über einen Bremsversuch experimentell ermittelt, um die Eingangsparameter für den Nachweis der Schienenspannungen und der Lager zu definieren. Zusätzlich zu den Versuchen wurden 3‐D‐Finite‐Elemente‐Analysen der Tiefgründungssysteme bestehend aus Bohrpfählen, Pfahlkopfplatten und Baugrund durchgeführt. Im Artikel wird die Versuchskonzeption, ‐durchführung und ‐auswertung für beide Versuche vorgestellt. Im Anschluss werden die Ergebnisse der Versuche mit den rechnerischen Prognosen verglichen. Diese Versuche im Realmaßstab ermöglichen wichtige Rückschlüsse auf die Qualität der rechnerischen Prognosen der Gründungsverformung zur Entwicklung eines besseren Verständnisses für das tatsächliche Verhalten des Tragwerks bei dem Längskraftabtrag.
Berechnung von Risikokosten in der Bauprojektabwicklung
Authors: Brokbals Stefanie , Wapelhorst Vincent , Čadež Ivan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBereits im Jahr 1971 leistete Schubert einen ersten Beitrag zur Berücksichtigung von Risiken in der Bauprojektabwicklung und führte zudem erste Elemente des heutigen Risikomanagementprozesses in der deutschsprachigen baubetriebswirtschaftlichen Literatur ein. Mittels empirischer Untersuchung zur Eintrittswahrscheinlichkeit und Kostenhöhe bei Risikoeintritt von Einzelrisiken traf Schubert dabei u. a. Aussagen zur Bedeutung der Einzelrisiken in Abhängigkeit von der Höhe der Risikokosten. Nach über 40 Jahren sind inzwischen andere Ergebnisse bei der Risikobewertung zu erwarten. In der aktualisierten Studie für Projekte des Hoch‐ und Ingenieurhochbaus mit einer Projektbauleistung ≤ 2,5 Mio. Euro bei Einheitspreisverträgen unter Vereinbarung der VOB/B werden zuerst die veränderten Risikobewertungen der Einzelrisiken aufgezeigt; hervorzuheben ist, dass die Summe der ermittelten Risikokosten der Einzelrisiken mit der von Schubert übereinstimmt. Des Weiteren wird durch eine Veränderung von Merkmalsausprägungen (Antwortmöglichkeiten) der Eintrittswahrscheinlichkeiten und Kostenhöhen bei Risikoeintritt festgestellt, dass die Risikokosten der Bauprojektabwicklung sogar deutlich höher liegen. Die aktualisierten Ergebnisse können Auftragnehmern als erste Orientierungshilfe für die Ermittlung von Risikokosten in der Angebotskalkulation dienen.
Undergraduate laboratory experiment on determination of total protein content in milk powder by moving reaction boundary titration
Authors: Luo Anling , Zheng Youli , Chen Xinxin , Cong Fengsong 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTLaboratory exercises focused on protein quantification are frequently conducted in traditional undergraduate biochemistry laboratory curriculum. The laboratory course described here is designed to provide students with experience in measurement of protein content in milk powder by moving reaction boundary titration (MRBT), a new rapid technique for total protein content determination in milk. In addition, this approach is weakly influenced by nonprotein nitrogen reagents such as melamine and urea. The course was done as three weekly laboratory exercises. First, students established a standard curve for milk protein concentration by MRBT method. Then, students investigated the influence of nonprotein nitrogen reagents on MRBT method. Finally, students made a comparison among three different protein quantification methods (MRBT, Biuret, and Kjeldahl method). From the experiments, students grasped the concept and advantages of MRBT and deepened the understanding of protein quantification. This course offer students the opportunity to be exposed to an advanced technique, which may have practical significance to their future study and work in the life science field. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(6):644–651, 2018.
Are biologists getting the mathematical training they need in college?
Authors: Marshall Jill A. , Durán Pablo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSeveral major organizations have recommended revisions to mathematics requirements for biology majors. To determine whether these changes would benefit future biologists, we investigated mathematics use in research biology. We surveyed prominent journals in high and low math‐use areas for articles referencing the use of quantitative methods. In addition, we conducted a large‐scale survey of research biologists within these fields about their use of, and training in, mathematics and statistics. We then performed follow‐up interviews with a purposeful sample of respondents. Our results indicate that biologists need a base in descriptive and inferential statistics and mathematical modeling, including some concepts from calculus, focused on conceptual understanding rather than computational accuracy, followed by differentiated programs of study in mathematics and statistics, depending on intended discipline within biology. Comparison of our findings with the recommended requirements from major stakeholder groups indicates some alignment but also some discrepancies. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(6):612–618, 2018.
Risk of incident claims for chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy among women with breast cancer in a Medicare population
Authors: Greenwald Mark K. , Ruterbusch Julie J. , Beebe‐Dimmer Jennifer L. , Simon Michael S. , Albrecht Terrance L. , Schwartz Ann G. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundChemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and disabling consequence of neurotoxic therapies, yet factors that modulate the development and clinical impact of CIPN are poorly understood. This epidemiological analysis identifies risk factors for the incidence of CIPN.MethodsThis retrospective analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare data examined predictors of incident CIPN claims among 11,149 women aged 66 years or older with American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) stage II to IV breast cancer (and no secondary cancer diagnosis or preexisting neuropathy) who received chemotherapy.ResultsOverall, new CIPN claims occurred for 8.3% of patients within 1 year of starting chemotherapy. Risk emerged approximately 3 months after the start of chemotherapy and increased throughout 1 year. Paclitaxel as part of first‐line therapy increased CIPN risk 2.7‐fold in comparison with nonneurotoxic agents (15.9% vs 5.0%), with lower incidence rates for carboplatin and paclitaxel (11.9%), carboplatin and docetaxel (9.3%), carboplatin alone (7.7%), and docetaxel alone (6.6%). The CIPN incidence rate was higher for women who at the time of their breast cancer diagnosis were relatively young (within this Medicare sample), were at AJCC stage II or III, were married or had an equivalent status, and had fewer comorbidities, but it did not differ by race/ethnicity or poverty level.ConclusionsThese Medicare claims database findings indicate that women aged 66 years or older with breast cancer are susceptible to CIPN from taxane and/or platinum compounds, with risk emerging approximately 3 months into treatment. Prospective studies of symptom emergence and clinical response (eg, stopping chemotherapy and adjunctive treatments) are indicated to determine how best to inform patients of this risk and to manage CIPN in this population.
Enhancement of the Nuclear Spin Noise Signal Using Wavelet Transform
Authors: Adilakshmi D. , Chandra Kousik , Ramanathan K. V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSpin noise spectroscopy has attracted considerable attention recently owing partly to intrinsic interest in the phenomenon and partly to its significant application potential. Here, we address the inherent problem of low sensitivity of nuclear spin noise and examine the utility of wavelet transform to mitigate this problem by distinguishing real peaks from the noise contaminated data. Suppression of the random circuit noise and the consequent enhancement of the correlated nuclear spin noise signal have been demonstrated with discrete wavelet transform. Spectra of both1H and13C nuclear spins have been considered and significant signal enhancements in both the cases have been observed. A detailed analysis of several possible wavelet, thresholding and decomposition solutions have been made to obtain the optimum condition for signal enhancement. It is observed that the application of wavelet transform leaves the spin noise signal line shape essentially unchanged, which is an advantage for several applications involving spin noise spectra.
Physicochemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Potential of the Greek PDO and PGI Virgin Olive Oils (VOOs)
Authors: Nenadis Nikolaos , Mastralexi Aspasia , Tsimidou Maria Z. 
Published: November 2018

The present review covers advancements in registered PDO/PGI VOOs in Greece per year and administrative region since 1992, when the first regulation for protection of geographical origin products was issued in the European Union. Evidence for quality, purity, and nutritional characteristics is presented and discussed. Most PDOs are coming from Crete and Peloponnese, the two major olive oil producing areas in Greece. PGI products have also been registered in Greece since 1992, whereas such products are registered in Italy and Spain rather recently. From the point of view of food science, the documents submitted originally for the registration, which are available electronically in the relevant EU portal (DOOR), look outdated and may confuse potential buyers and consumers. Data available for the major Greek cultivar, Koroneiki, cannot always support integrity of products traded in the international market. There are published data for molecular characteristics of almost all cultivars used in the PDO/PGIs that can be used in the certification process. The potential of Koroneiki and other cultivars in antioxidants is not reported in the official documents, though such a piece of information may increase further the added value of these products (e.g., health claim labeling). Similar are the observations from practices in Spain and Italy.Practical Application: PDO/PGI VOOs are popular products among consumers. A positive perspective in the market is expected, granted that the consumer will be properly informed on their intrinsic characteristics and practices that guarantee their authenticity. The review points out that the data for quality, purity, and nutritional characteristics of Greek registered VOOs are limited, and are mainly available for PDOs. It is also pointed out that molecular markers available nowadays and addition of information on natural antioxidants can assist the efforts to protect the integrity of these products in the market and add value because some of them can also bear health claims for their tocopherol and “polyphenol” content.Greece has registered a great number of PDO and PGI virgin olive oils since 1996, most of which are produced in the regions of Crete and Peloponnese, the major olive oil producing regions.