bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship of past, present, and passive smoking with sociodemographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and dysglycemic profiles
Authors: Cuschieri Sarah , Vassallo Josanne , Calleja Neville , Mamo Julian 
Published: August 2018

Highlights

Former smokers exhibited a significantly higher metabolic risk compared with subjects with other smoking habits.
Current smokers with diabetes exhibited significantly higher fasting blood glucose and triglyceride levels.
Only former smoking was independently associated with increased dysglycemic risk after adjustment for potential confounders
A systematic review of the next‐day effects of heavy alcohol consumption on cognitive performance
Authors: Gunn Craig , Mackus Marlou , Griffin Chris , Munafò Marcus R. , Adams Sally 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsStudies examining the next‐day cognitive effects of heavy alcohol consumption have produced mixed findings, which may reflect inconsistencies in definitions of ‘hangover’. Recent consensus has defined hangover as ‘mental and physical symptoms, experienced the day after a single episode of heavy drinking, starting when blood alcohol concentration (BAC) approaches zero’. In light of this, we aimed to review the literature systematically to evaluate and estimate mean effect sizes of the next‐day effects of heavy alcohol consumption on cognition.MethodsEmbase, PubMed and PsycNET databases were searched between December 2016 and May 2018 using terms based on ‘alcohol’ and ‘hangover’. Studies of experimental designs which reported the next‐day cognitive effects of heavy alcohol consumption in a ‘hangover’ group with BAC < 0.02% were reviewed. A total of 805 articles were identified. Thirty‐nine full‐text articles were screened by two independent reviewers and 19 included in the systematic review; 11 articles provided sufficient data to be included in the meta‐analysis; 1163 participants across 19 studies conducted since 1970 were included in the analysis. Data for study design, hangover severity, BAC at testing and cognitive performance were extracted and effect estimates calculated.ResultsThe systematic review suggested that sustained attention and driving abilities were impaired during hangover. Mixed results were observed for: psychomotor skills, short‐ (STM) and long‐term memory (LTM) and divided attention. The meta‐analysis revealed evidence of impairments in STM [g = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.15–1.13], LTM (Hedges’ g = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.01–1.17) sustained attention (g = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.07–0.87) and psychomotor speed (Hedges’ g = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.31–1.00) during alcohol hangover.ConclusionThe research literature suggests that alcohol hangovers may involve impaired cognitive functions and performance of everyday tasks such as driving.
Early maternal‐newborn contact and positive birth experience
Authors: Brubaker Laura H. , Paul Ian M. , Repke John T. , Kjerulff Kristen H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, there has been increasing recognition of the importance of early maternal‐newborn contact for the health and well‐being of the newborn and promotion of breastfeeding. However, little research has investigated the association between early maternal‐newborn contact and the mother's birth experience.MethodsAs part of a large‐scale prospective, cohort study (the First Baby Study [FBS]), nearly 3000 women who delivered in Pennsylvania (2009‐2011) reported how soon after delivery they first saw, held, and fed their newborns. Birth experience was measured via telephone interview 1 month postpartum, using the FBS Birth Experience Scale, a 16‐item scale which addresses women's feelings about the delivery. General linear models were used to measure associations between time to first maternal‐newborn contact and birth experience, controlling for relevant confounders, including maternal age, race/ethnicity, insurance coverage, delivery mode, gestational age, and pregnancy and delivery complications.ResultsThe sooner that new mothers first saw, held, and fed their newborns after delivery the more positive their childbirth experiences (all P‐values < 0.001). Women who delivered by cesarean were less likely to see, hold and feed their newborns shortly after delivery than those who delivered vaginally (all P‐values < 0.001), and reported less positive birth experiences (P < 0.001). However, if they first saw, held, and fed their newborns shortly after delivery, they reported more positive birth experiences than those who delivered vaginally (P = 0.010).DiscussionEarly maternal‐newborn contact after delivery was associated with positive birth experiences for new mothers, particularly those who delivered by cesarean.
Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) of posterior single‐implant crowns using digital workflows: A randomized controlled trial with a three‐year follow‐up
Authors: Joda Tim , Ferrari Marco , Bragger Urs , Zitzmann Nicola U. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this RCT was to analyze Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) of implant crowns processed in complete digital workflows (test) and combined analog‐digital workflows (control) with a three‐year follow‐up. This is a second reporting from the same trial with sample size calculation based on time efficiency.Materials and MethodsTwenty participants were selected for single‐tooth replacement with screw‐retained crowns in posterior sites (Straumann TL Implant System). Ten patients each were treated with test or control workflows and evaluated after 1 week of prosthetic delivery (baseline) and 3 years. The subjective opinion of the patient was assessed using visual analog scales (VAS) for PROMs; the Functional Implant Prosthodontic Score (FIPS) for the objective evaluation of the dentist. Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests and Mann–Whitney U‐tests were used for comparisons between test and control with a level of significance set at α = 0.05.ResultsIn test and control, implant crowns showed 100% survival without technical and/or biological complications. Mean PROMs varied between 81.6 and 90.3 with no difference between test and control, or between baseline and after 3 years for intra‐patient comparison. Linear regression analysis exhibited a significant correlation between FIPS and PROMs related to overall treatment satisfaction (VAS‐1: coefficient 0.45; p = 0.0472).ConclusionSubjective patient's perception (PROMs) of posterior implant crowns processed in complete digital and combined analog‐digital workflows revealed comparable high levels of satisfaction on the overall treatment outcome including function, esthetics, and cleanability after 3 years. The objective evaluation of the dentist (FIPS) seems to reflect the perception of the patients.
Donor‐recipient ethnic mismatching impacts short‐ and long‐term results of heart transplantation
Authors: Peled Yael , Loewenthal Ron , Kassif Yigal , Raichlin Eugenia , Younis Arwa , Younis Anan , Nachum Eyal , Freimark Dov , Goldenberg Ilan , Lavee Jacob 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of donor‐recipient ethnic matching on heart transplantation (HT) has been poorly studied with inconclusive results. We aimed to investigate the impact of ethnic matching on HT outcomes in Israeli multiethnic patients.MethodsThe study comprised 168 patients who underwent HT from 1990‐2017. Patients and their donors were ethnically categorized to Jews and Arabs. Primary end points were all‐cause in‐hospital and late mortality; secondary end points included primary graft dysfunction (PGD), rejections, and vasculopathy.ResultsDonor‐recipient ethnic matching was found in 111 patients, while 57 were ethnically mismatched. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. Ethnic mismatching was associated with >7‐fold (P = 0.018) increased risk for in‐hospital mortality and >8‐fold (P < 0.001) increased risk for PGD. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis showed that overall survival at 10 years was significantly higher among matched patients (73% vs 43%, log‐rank P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that ethnic mismatching was associated with an approximately fourfold higher risk for death (P < 0.01). These findings were validated by propensity score analysis. The ethnic mismatched group experienced significantly higher rejection rates compared with the matched group with lower survival free of rejections (log‐rank P = 0.029). No differences in vasculopathy were found.ConclusionsDonor‐recipient ethnic mismatch is an important independent predictor of early‐ and long‐term outcomes following HT, and is associated with increased risk for PGD, rejections, and mortality. These findings will help to design tailored treatment protocols leading to improved outcomes after HT.
Bioactive food and exercise in chronic kidney disease: Targeting the mitochondria
Authors: Mafra Denise , Gidlund Eva‐Karin , Borges Natália Alvarenga , Magliano D'Angelo Carlo , Lindholm Bengt , Stenvinkel Peter , von Walden Ferdinand 
Published: August 2018

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD), which affects 10%‐15% of the population, associates with a range of complications—such as cardiovascular disease, frailty, infections, muscle and bone disorders and premature ageing—that could be related to alterations of mitochondrial number, distribution, structure and function. As mitochondrial biogenesis, bioenergetics and the dynamic mitochondrial networks directly or indirectly regulate numerous intra‐ and extracellular functions, the mitochondria have emerged as an important target for interventions aiming at preventing or improving the treatment of complications inCKD. In this review, we discuss the possible role of bioactive food compounds and exercise in the modulation of the disturbed mitochondrial function in a uraemic milieu.
Further evidence for a differential interaction of brivaracetam and levetiracetam with the synaptic vesicle 2A protein
Authors: Wood Martyn D. , Sands Zara A. , Vandenplas Catherine , Gillard Michel 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBrivaracetam (BRV) and levetiracetam (LEV) are effective antiepileptic drugs that bind selectively to the synaptic vesicle 2A (SV2A) protein. BRV differs from LEV in preclinical studies in that it exhibits a more potent and complete seizure protection across animal models. We reported previously that an allosteric modulator of the SV2A protein had differential effects on BRV compared with LEV, suggesting that they act at different sites or with different conformations of the SV2A protein. If this is the case, then we hypothesized that mutations of specific amino acids in the SV2A protein may have differential effects on BRV and LEV binding by the modulator. Mutation of some amino acids identified previously in the binding site of racetams to the SV2A protein had marked effects on binding of both [3H]BRV and [3H]LEV (eg, W300F, F277A, G303A, F658A, Y462A, W666A, I663A, D670A, and V661A). However, 3 amino acids were identified (K694, I273, and S294) in which mutation lost the effect of the modulator on [3H]LEV binding with no effect on the modulation of [3H]BRV binding. These results confirm that BRV and LEV bind to the human synaptic vesicle 2A protein at closely related sites but interact with these sites in a different way.
Psychiatric comorbidity and traumatic brain injury attribution in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic or epileptic seizures: A multicenter study of US veterans
Authors: Salinsky Martin , Rutecki Paul , Parko Karen , Goy Elizabeth , Storzbach Daniel , O'Neil Maya , Binder Laurence , Joos Sandra 
Published: August 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo determine the frequency and severity of psychiatric disorders and attribution of seizures to traumatic brain injury (TBI) in veterans with verified psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) versus epileptic seizures (ES).MethodsWe studied 333 consecutive admissions to the monitoring units of three Veterans Administration epilepsy centers. All patients underwent continuous video‐electroencephalographic recording to define definite PNES or ES. Evaluations included the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, PTSD Checklist, Beck Depression Inventory II, and Patient Seizure Etiology Questionnaire. Interviews and questionnaires were completed prior to final seizure type diagnosis and patient debriefing. The primary outcome measure was a comparison of Axis I psychiatric diagnoses in patients diagnosed with PNES versus ES.ResultsA total of 81 patients were diagnosed with PNES, and 70 with ES. PTSD was the most frequent Axis I diagnosis in veterans with PNES (64%, vs 13% of those with ES; P < 0.001). Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was common regardless of deployment to a war theater or combat exposure. Mood, substance abuse, and anxiety disorders were also more common in the PNES group. TBI was cited as a likely cause of seizures by 47% of veterans with PNES versus 25% of those with ES (P = 0.01). PTSD and attribution of seizures to TBI were found in 30% of veterans with PNES versus 3% of those with ES (P < 0.001).SignificanceIn veterans referred for inpatient seizure evaluation, PTSD was strongly associated with a diagnosis of PNES versus ES. The association of PNES with PTSD, attribution of seizures to TBI, or both, may prompt early consideration of PNES.
Enhancement of K‐strategy evolution in histidine utilization using a container with compartments
Authors: Komori Takahiro , Shibai Atsushi , Saito Hiromi , Akeno Yuya , Germond Arno , Horinouchi Takaaki , Furusawa Chikara , Tsuru Saburo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEvolutionary strategies in growth improvement can be classified into r‐ or K‐strategies. The former strategy corresponds to an evolutionary increase in growth rate, whereas the latter corresponds to an increase in the maximum amount of organisms or carrying capacity. What determines the strategies to be adopted during evolution? Spatial structures that compartmentalize the population into small patches are key to inducing the K‐strategy. Interestingly, previous evolution experiments using Escherichia coli in a glucose‐limited batch culture showed that carrying capacity could improve evolutionally even in the absence of spatial structures. However, it is unclear if the lack of spatial structures can direct evolution toward high carrying capacity for utilization of other resources. To address this question, we established a simplified evolution experiment using histidine‐requiring E. coli grown under histidine limitation in a container with compartments. We confirmed the importance of spatial structures in K‐strategy evolution in histidine utilization. Whole genome sequencing of the K‐adapted strains showed functional variety of the mutated genes during the fitness‐increasing period. These results validate the importance of spatial structures and imply that restriction of K‐strategy evolution on a sort of nutrients is attributable to a paucity of appropriate selection rather than a paucity of causal mutation.
A Randomized, Sham‐Controlled Trial of Bilateral Greater Occipital Nerve Blocks With Bupivacaine for Acute Migraine Patients Refractory to Standard Emergency Department Treatment With Metoclopramide
Authors: Friedman Benjamin W. , Mohamed Sajid , Robbins Matthew S. , Irizarry Eddie , Tarsia Valerie , Pearlman Scott , John Gallagher E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundGreater occipital nerve block (GONB) is thought to be an effective treatment for acute migraine, though no randomized efficacy data have been published for this indication. We hypothesized that bilateral GONB with bupivacaine would provide greater rates of headache freedom than a sham injection among a population of emergency department (ED) patients who reported persistence of moderate or severe headache despite standard treatment with intravenous metoclopramide.MethodsThis was a randomized clinical trial conducted in 2 urban EDs. Patients with acute migraine who reported persistence of a moderate or severe headache for at least 1 hour or longer after treatment with 10 mg of intravenous metoclopramide were randomized to bilateral GONB with a total of 6 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine or bilateral intradermal scalp injection with a total of 1 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine. The primary outcome was complete headache freedom 30 minutes after the injection. An important secondary outcome was sustained headache relief, defined as achieving a headache level of mild or none in the ED and maintaining a level of mild or none without the use of any additional headache medication for 48 hours.ResultsOver a 31 month period, 76 patients were screened for participation and 28 were enrolled, of whom 15 received sham injection and 13 received GONB. This study was stopped before achieving the a priori sample size due to slow enrollment. The primary outcome – headache freedom at 30 minutes – was achieved by 0/15 (0%) of patients in the sham arm and 4/13 (31%) of patients in the GONB arm (95%CI for difference of 31%: 6, 56%, P = .035). The secondary outcome, sustained headache relief for 48 hours, was reported by 0/15 sham patients (0%) and 3/13 (23%) GONB patients (95% CI for difference of 23%: 0, 46%, P = .087). Reported side effects did not differ substantially between the groups.ConclusionGONB may be an effective treatment for ED patients with acute migraine who continue to suffer from moderate or severe headache after administration of intravenous metoclopramide; however, this study was stopped prior to achieving the a priori sample size.
The recovery effect of proanthocyanidin on microtensile bond strength to sodium hypochlorite‐treated dentine
Authors: Wang Y. , Chen C. , Zang H. L. , Liang Y. H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the recovery effect of proanthocyanidin (PA) on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)‐treated dentine.MethodologyFifty‐five freshly extracted third molars with intact dental crowns, no caries or restorations were sectioned to expose a sound middle layer of dentine and were randomly divided into 11 groups. In the blank control group, dentine surfaces were immersed in deionized water for 20 min. In the negative control group, dental surfaces were immersed in 5.25% NaOCl for 20 min. In the other nine experimental groups, after immersion for 20 min in 5.25% NaOCl, followed by PA (5%, 10%, or 15%) treatment for 1, 5 min or 10 min. The NaOCl solution was renewed every 5 min. Then dentine surfaces were bonded using SE bond. Bonded samples were sectioned into dentine‐resin sticks (n = 45) for microtensile bond strength testing (MPa). Failure modes were observed and classified into three types with a stereomicroscope. Microtensile bond strength data were analysed using one‐way anova. The confidence interval test was performed to analyse the recovery effect of PA on bond strength to NaOCl‐treated dentine. The chi‐squared test was used to analyse failure mode distribution.ResultsAfter use of 5.25% NaOCl for 20 min, microtensile bond strength in the negative control group decreased significantly compared with that of the untreated group (P < 0.05). After a recovery treatment of 10% PA for 10 min or 15% PA for more than 5 min, the bond strength was restored to at least 90% of baseline (P < 0.05). No recovery effect on bond strength was detected after the application of 5% PA for 1 min (P > 0.05). Adhesive fracture was found to be the most common failure mode in the NaOCl‐treated group. After the recovery application of PA, the proportion of mixed failures increased significantly (P < 0.05).ConclusionsMicrotensile bond strength to NaOCl‐treated dentine recovered after the application of either 5% PA for more than 5 min or 10% or 15% PA for more than 1 min. The application of PA before an adhesive procedure may immediately restore the compromised bond strength of NaOCl‐treated dentine.
The role of parental anxiety, depression, and psychological stress level on the development of early‐childhood caries in children
Authors: Gavic Lidia , Tadin Antonija , Mihanovic Ina , Gorseta Kristina , Cigic Livia 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundIt is important to understand how the psychological status of parents affects oral health in children.AimThis study aimed to assess the level of depression, anxiety, and stress of parents whose children have early‐childhood caries.DesignThe study included 235 children and their parents who visited the Dental clinic at the School of Medicine of the University of Split between October 2016 and July 2017. The dental status of each child was recorded, while parents filled out the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale questionnaire and the questionnaire related to the demographic characteristics, questions related to child's habits of the tooth brushing, eating sweets.ResultsMultiple regression analysis showed that the incidence of active caries in the children was statistically significantly related not only to the level of parent depression (β = −0.289; P = 0.040) but also the level of anxiety (β = 0.186; P = 0.038) and stress (β = −0.120; P = 0.036). The dmft index in the examined children was negatively significant associated with the parental level of depression (β = −0.305; P = 0.032).ConclusionConsidering the results of our research it is essential to emphasize the need for better health education of parents.
Radiophotoluminescence phenomenon in copper‐doped aluminoborosilicate glass
Authors: Hashikawa Ryo , Fujii Yasuhiro , Kinomura Atsushi , Saito Takeshi , Okada Arifumi , Wakasugi Takashi , Kadono Kohei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRadiophotoluminescence phenomena have been widely investigated on various types of materials for dosimetry applications. We report that an aluminoborosilicate glass containing 0.005 mol% copper exhibits intense photoluminescence in the visible region induced by X‐ray and γ‐ray irradiation. The luminescence is assigned to the 3d94s1 → 3d10 transition of Cu+. The proportionality of the intensity of the induced photoluminescence to the irradiation dose was confirmed up to 0.5 kGy using 60Co γ‐ray irradiation. Based on the spectroscopic results, a potential mechanism was proposed for the enhancement of the photoluminescence. The exposure to the ionizing radiation generates electron‐hole pairs in the glass, and the electrons are subsequently captured by the Cu2+ ions, which are converted to Cu+ and emit the luminescence. For the glass containing 0.01 mol% copper, the pronounced enhancement of the photoluminescence was not observed because the reverse reaction, ie, the capture of the holes by the Cu+ ions, becomes prominent. The photoluminescence induced by the irradiation was stably observed for the glasses kept at room temperature and even for the glasses heat‐treated at 150°C. However, the induced photoluminescence could be eliminated by the heat treatment at a temperature at 500°C, and the glass returned to the initial pre‐irradiation state. The Cu‐doped aluminoborosilicate glass is a potential candidate for use in dosimetry applications.