bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into Crystal Facets of Perovskite SrSnO3 as High‐Performance Photocatalysts toward Environmental Remediation
Authors: Zhang Xinhua , Hu Jindou , Cao Yali , Xie Jing , Jia Wei , Wang Shiqiang , Jia Dianzeng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTo gain in‐depth insights into the relevant exposed crystal planes for the photocatalytic performance of perovskite‐structured oxides, SrSnO3 nanocrystals with different microstructures were synthesized and their photocatalytic activity for the degradation of simulated dye was investigated. The as‐obtained orthorhombic SrSnO3 nanorods with exposed {001} crystal planes showed higher photocatalytic activity for decomposing methylene blue than that of SrSnO3 nanoribbons with exposed {111} crystal planes. The surface atomic configurations revealed that the quantity of SnO2 overlayer on the {001} crystal facets is slightly greater than that on {111} crystal planes, which results in exposed {001} crystal facets of the SrSnO3 nanorods that can exhibit better activity in the photocatalytic process, due to fewer lattice defects, which act as traps for photogenerated charge carriers to decrease the recombination of photoexcited electrons and holes. This originated from narrowing of the crystal face distance and slight variation of the unit cell parameters; the crystallographic axis became shorter and the value of lattice strain became smaller. As a result, SrSnO3 nanocrystals exhibited different surface behavior under post‐treatment conditions and exhibited variation in the photocatalytic properties. The findings reported herein highlight the importance of probing the properties of surface facets in the evaluation of the photocatalytic performance of ternary metal oxides.
Synthesis of a Dimeric Base‐Stabilized Cobaltosilylene Complex for Catalytic C−H Bond Functionalization and C−C Bond Formation
Authors: Khoo Sabrina , Cao Jiajia , Yang Ming‐Chung , Shan Yu‐Liang , Su Ming‐Der , So Cheuk‐Wai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of a dimeric base‐stabilized cobaltosilylene complex and its catalytic reactions are described. Treatment of the amidinato silicon(I) dimer [LSi:]2 (1; L=PhC(NtBu)2) with CoBr2 in toluene for 10 days afforded the dimeric amidinato cobaltosilylene [(LSi)μ‐{CoBr(LSiBr)}]2 (2), which is speculated to proceed via “LSiCoBr” and “LSiBr” intermediates in the reaction. Compound 2 is paramagnetic, with an effective magnetic moment of 2.8 μB. Its electronic structure was elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography and DFT studies. It was capable of catalyzing C−H bond functionalization, in which a combination of 2, phosphine and MeMgI can regio‐ and stereoselectively promoted the addition of the C≡C triple bonds in alkynes to the ortho‐C−H position in arylpyridines. In addition, compound 2 catalyzed Kumada‐type coupling reactions between aryl chlorides and the Grignard reagent 2‐mesitylmagnesium bromide.
Alpha‐Synuclein Modulates the Physical Properties of DNA
Authors: Jiang Kai , Rocha Sandra , Westling Alvina , Kesarimangalam Sriram , Dorfman Kevin D. , Wittung‐Stafshede Pernilla , Westerlund Fredrik 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFundamental research on Parkinson's disease (PD) most often focuses on the ability of α‐synuclein (aS) to form oligomers and amyloids, and how such species promote brain cell death. However, there are indications that aS also plays a gene‐regulatory role in the cell nucleus. Here, the interaction between monomeric aS and DNA in vitro has been investigated with single‐molecule techniques. Using a nanofluidic channel system, it was discovered that aS binds to DNA and by studying the DNA–protein complexes at different confinements we determined that aS binding increases the persistence length of DNA from 70 to 90 nm at high coverage. By atomic force microscopy it was revealed that at low protein‐to‐DNA ratio, the aS binding occurs as small protein clusters scattered along the DNA; at high protein‐to‐DNA ratio, the DNA is fully covered by protein. As DNA‐aS interactions may play roles in PD, it is of importance to characterize biophysical properties of such complexes in detail.
Detection of dsDNA with [1,3]Dioxolo[4,5‐f]benzodioxol (DBD) Dyes
Authors: Büchner Dörthe , John Leonard , Mertens Monique , Wessig Pablo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDBD fluorescent dyes have proven to be useful in numerous applications. To widen the range of biological applications, we propose three different types of DBD molecules that have been modified in such a way that DNA interaction becomes probable. After the successful synthesis of all three compounds, we tested their fluorescent properties and their DNA binding abilities. Two of the three probes exhibit an interaction with dsDNA with subsequent fluorescence enhancement. The determined binding constants of the two new DNA dyes are comparable to other minor‐groove‐binding dyes. Their large Stokes shifts and their long fluorescent lifetimes are outstanding features of these dyes.
Supramolecular chirality transfer in a stereodynamic catalysts
Authors: Storch Golo , Trapp Oliver 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe present rhodium catalysts that contain stereodynamic axially chiral biphenol‐derived phosphinite ligands modified with non‐stereoselective amides for non‐covalent interactions. A chirality transfer was achieved with (R)‐ or (S)‐acetylphenylalanine methyl amide, and the interaction mechanism was investigated by NMR measurements. These interactions at the non‐stereoselective interaction sites and the formation of supramolecular complexes result in an enrichment of either the (Rax)‐ or (Sax) enantiomer of the tropos catalysts, which in turn provide the (R)‐ or (S)‐acetylphenylalanine methyl ester in the hydrogenation of (Z)‐methyl‐α‐acetamidocinnamate.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Reniochalistatins A–E and a Reniochalistatin E Analogue
Authors: Zhou Rong , Sun Yueguang , Li Hangbin , Long Weili , Liao Xiaojian , Feng Pengju , Xu Shihai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe total synthesis of reniochalistatins A–E, along with a reniochalistatin E analogue (inverso‐E) was successfully achieved through Fmoc‐based solid‐phase peptide synthesis and subsequent macrolactamization with PyBOP and DIEA. The biological activities of these reniochalistatins and a key linear peptide intermediate were systematically evaluated. Among these seven synthesized compounds, linear reniochalistatin B was found to have potent activity against several cancer cell lines not shown by the cyclic reniochalistatin B counterpart. In addition, linear reniochalistatin B was found to have antitubercular activity (IC50=1.4 μm). Inverso‐E possesses increasing cytotoxicity against the HeLa and LNCaP cell lines after simple alternation of the sequence of amino acids in reniochalistatin E. The results of these studies provide a feasible method to further investigate the structure–activity relationships (SARs) of reniochalistatins A–E.
Hot‐Injection Synthesized Ag2S Quantum Dots with Broad Light Absorption and High Stability for Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Öberg Viktor A. , Zhang Xiaoliang , Johansson Malin B. , Johansson Erik M. J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA hot‐injection synthesis method was used to synthesize low‐toxicity Ag2S colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) with strong and broad light absorption as an ultra‐thin photo‐absorber in CQD heterojunction solar cells. By using iodide and sulfur linkers it was possible to accomplish efficient charge carrier extraction, resulting in a high photocurrent due to the broad absorption spectrum. Transient photovoltage decay measurements were used to obtain information about trap states in the CQDs and the effect on the lifetime of the photoinduced carriers. The devices show very promising stability under constant long‐term illumination and they are stable under ambient storage conditions with low losses to the performance over a period of over two months. These results show that Ag2S CQDs have high potential within solar cell applications, and point the direction for further improvements.
Recent Advances in Earth‐Abundant Photocathodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Yang Wooseok , Moon Jooho 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe conversion of solar energy into hydrogen through photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is an attractive way to store renewable energy. Despite the intriguing concept of solar hydrogen production, efficient PEC devices based on earth‐abundant semiconductors should be realized to compete economically with conventional steam reforming processes. Herein, recent milestones in photocathode development for PEC water splitting, particularly in earth‐abundant semiconductors, in terms of new techniques for enhancing performance, as well as theoretical aspects, are highlighted. In addition, recent research into newly emerging low‐cost p‐type semiconductors in the PEC field, such as Cu2BaSn(S,Se)4 and Sb2Se3, are scrutinized and the advantages and disadvantages of each material assessed.
Lumped‐element filtering power dividers
Authors: Xiao Fei 
Published: August 2018

SummaryA power divider is ideally a lossless reciprocal device performing vector summation of two or more input signals, which is an extremely important circuit component in wireless communication systems or radar systems. In this paper, a general concept of lumped‐element power divider is discussed. Then, a semi‐analytical synthesis technique is presented. General odd‐mode and even‐mode analysis method is proposed for multi‐port symmetrical network and applied in the analysis of N‐way lumped‐element power dividers. The transmission networks and the matching networks can be synthesized step by step, which greatly simplify their analysis. The transmission networks can be synthesized by those well‐known synthesis techniques for two‐port networks, and thus the transmission property of power dividers can be accurately controlled. The matching networks are determined by optimization to ensure certain isolation between the output ports. The design procedure is simple and accurate. Apart from the capability of power division, power dividers are also able to play the role of impedance transform and signal processing. Some examples of power dividers with filtering capability are presented for demonstration. In this paper, a general concept of lumped‐element power divider is discussed. Then, a semi‐analytical synthesis technique is presented. General odd‐mode and even‐mode analysis method is proposed for multi‐port symmetrical network and applied in the analysis of N‐way lumped‐element power dividers. Transmission networks and matching networks can be synthesized step by step, which greatly simplify their analysis. Apart from the capability of power division, power dividers are also able to play the role of impedance transform and signal processing.
TILAK: A token‐based prevention approach for topology discovery threats in SDN
Authors: Nehra Ajay , Tripathi Meenakshi , Gaur Manoj Singh , Battula Ramesh Babu , Lal Chhagan 
Published: August 2018

SummarySoftware‐defined networks (SDNs) decouple the data plane from the control plane. Thus, it provides logically centralized visibility of the entire networking infrastructure to the controller. It enables the applications running on top of the control plane to innovate through network management and programmability. To envision the centralized control and visibility, the controller needs to discover the networking topology of the entire SDN infrastructure. However, discovering and maintaining a global view of the underlying network topology is a challenging task because of (i) frequently changing network topology caused by migration of the virtual machines in the data centers, mobile, end hosts and change in the number of data plane switches because of technical faults or network upgrade; (ii) lack of authentication mechanisms and scarcity in SDN standards; and (iii) availability of security solutions during topology discovery process. To this end, the aim of this paper is threefold. First, we investigate the working methodologies used to achieve global view by different SDN controllers, specifically, POX, Ryu, OpenDaylight, Floodlight, Beacon, ONOS, and HPEVAN. Second, we identify vulnerabilities that affect the topology discovery process in the above controller implementation. In particular, we provide a detailed analysis of the threats namely link layer discovery protocol (LLDP) poisoning, LLDP flooding, and LLDP replay attack concerning these controllers. Finally, to countermeasure the identified risks, we propose a novel mechanism called TILAK which generates random MAC destination addresses for LLDP packets and use this randomness to create a flow entry for the LLDP packets. It is a periodic process to prevent LLDP packet‐based attacks that are caused only because of lack of verification of source authentication and integrity of LLDP packets. The implementation results for TILAK confirm that it covers targeted threats with lower resource penalty.
Paternal line effects of early experiences persist across three generations in rhesus macaques
Authors: Kinnally Erin L. , Gonzalez Mireille N. , Capitanio John P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe effects of early stress may not be limited to the exposed generation, but are sometimes passed on to subsequent generations. Such non‐genetic transgenerational inheritance is a potentially important developmental and evolutionary force. We compared the transgenerational effects of maternal and paternal line early stress on anxiety‐ and health‐related traits in three non‐exposed generations (F1, F2 and F3) of semi‐naturalistically raised rhesus macaques. As infants, F0 macaques were exposed to nursery rearing (NR) or semi‐naturalistic social conditions (CONTROL). Three hundred forty non‐exposed F1–F3 descendants were CONTROL reared and physiological and behavioral measures were collected during standardized assessment at 3–4 months of age. Paternal line NR was significantly associated with greater nervousness in F1–F3 and lower immune cell counts in F1–F2. Maternal‐line NR effects were not observed. This study suggests that acquired stress‐related traits may be “inherited” across generations in primates, through complex social or germ‐line mechanisms.
Identification of metabolites of evobrutinib in rat and human hepatocytes by using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Zeyun , Zhang Lizhen , Yuan Yongliang , Yang Zhiheng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEvobrutinib is a highly selective inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) which may be clinically effective in treating certain autoimmune diseases. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the metabolism of evobrutinib in rat and human hepatocytes. Evobrutinib was incubated with rat and human hepatocytes at 37°C for 2 hours after which the samples were analyzed by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–DAD–Q Exactive Orbitrap‐MS). The acquired data were processed by MetWorks™ software using mass effect filter and background subtraction functions. Under these conditions, 23 metabolites were detected and their identities proposed. Among these metabolites, M13 and M15 were identified by comparison of their retention times, accurate masses, and fragment ions with those of authentic reference standards. The metabolic pathways of evobrutinib were proposed accordingly. Our results demonstrated that evobrutinib was metabolized via hydroxylation, hydrolysis, O‐dealkylation, glucuronidation, and GSH conjugation. Species‐related metabolic differences between rat and human hepatocytes were observed. M1–M4 were rat‐specific metabolites. M13 (hydroxyl‐evobrutinib) was the major metabolite whereas M15 (evobrutinib‐diol) was a minor metabolite in rat hepatocytes. On the other hand, M6, M11, M16, M17, and M19 were human‐specific metabolites. M15 was the most abundant metabolite whereas M13 was the minor metabolite in human hepatocytes. This study provides preliminary information regarding the metabolism of evobrutinib that may be helpful in understanding the pharmacology of evobrutinib.
Single injection of ketamine during mid‐adolescence promotes long‐lasting resilience to activity‐based anorexia of female mice by increasing food intake and attenuating hyperactivity as well as anxiety‐like behavior
Authors: Chen Yi‐Wen , Sherpa Ang Doma , Aoki Chiye 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study tested the effects of ketamine on vulnerability of female adolescent mice to activity‐based anorexia (ABA).MethodTwenty‐four female C57Bl/6 J mice underwent ABA induction, which involved exposing wheel‐acclimated adolescent mice to two bouts of food restriction (FR)—the first ABA (P41–44, mid‐adolescence) and the second ABA (P55–59, late adolescence), with recovery in between. Ketamine (3 or 30 mg/kg) or vehicle was given once, on the second day of FR of the first ABA (P42). Food consumption, body weight and wheel running activity were measured daily. Anxiety‐like behaviors were accessed by elevated plus maze on P49 and P62, after weight restoration during the recovery phase.ResultsKetamine (30 mg/kg) increased food intake during the first ABA (+38%, p = .015) and facilitated weight gain during recovery (+42%, p = .003). During the second ABA, the effect was manifested as increased food intake (+38%, p = .001) and weight gain (+47%, p = .001) while attenuating FR‐induced wheel running activity (−24%, p = .09) and weight loss (−17%, p = .056). Ketamine also reduced anxiety‐like behaviors.DiscussionThus, single injection of ketamine during mid‐adolescence effectively attenuates vulnerability of female mice to repeated ABA exposures.
Drought and surface‐level solar radiation predict the severity of outbreaks of a widespread defoliating insect
Authors: Haynes Kyle J. , Tardif Jacques C. , Parry Dylan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDefoliating insects are a major factor impacting tree growth in temperate and boreal forests, but the effects of climate change on the severity and frequency of outbreaks of these insects are not well understood. Dendrochronological reconstruction of forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria) outbreaks on trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) in southwestern Manitoba, Canada, from 1851 to 2010 was used to examine the effects of changes in temperature, incident surface‐level solar radiation, and drought severity on the cyclicity, frequency, and severity of outbreaks. Outbreak severity was determined by comparing the tree‐ring widths of trembling aspen with those of white spruce (Picea glauca), which is not a forest tent caterpillar host. Wavelet analysis suggested the cyclicity of outbreaks increased after 1930. From 1930 to 2010, the dominant period length of outbreak cycles steadily increased over time from three to seven years, coinciding with long‐term declines in drought severity. The strength of forest tent caterpillar suppression of trembling aspen growth in a given year was inversely related to incident solar radiation and drought severity during late spring (the larval feeding period) of the same year. The effect of late spring drought on the impact of forest tent caterpillar on ring growth differed from that of summer drought. There was a nonlinear relationship between growth suppression in a given year and summer drought severity in the previous year; slightly above‐average drought severity was associated with reduced impacts of the defoliator, whereas severe drought was associated with intense growth suppression. Strong suppression of aspen growth observed during outbreaks from 1983 to 2010 may be partly explained by observed long‐term trends of decreasing atmospheric transmittance of solar radiation (a phenomenon termed “global dimming”) and increasing soil moisture availability during late spring. However, as the severity and frequency of summer droughts are expected to increase over the 21st century, the nonlinear relationship between summer drought severity and growth suppression the following year suggests a future in which summer droughts precede severe outbreaks that threaten the health of boreal forest hardwood trees.
Updated distribution maps for neotropical bats in the superfamily Noctilionoidea
Authors: Rojas Danny , Moreira Matthew , Ramos Pereira Maria João , Fonseca Carlos , Dávalos Liliana M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe IUCN provides a spatial database for many species, including terrestrial mammals. This database includes shapefiles with taxonomic information and the extent of occurrence for each species, and has been used in hundreds of studies in ecology, biogeography and conservation. Here we provide updated distribution maps that comprise the extent of occurrence of the neotropical bat species in the superfamily Noctilionoidea (Mammalia: Chiroptera) after a thorough research of new records published between January 2008 and March 2018. The main motivation for this update was the inclusion of spatial and climatic variables in explaining the ecological and taxonomic diversity of noctilionoid bats. The core of the superfamily (246 species distributed in five families out of 250 species) occurs in the Neotropics and shows ecological diversity unparalleled among mammals. This clade also shows the only evolutionary shift towards higher speciation rates within the order Chiroptera. Updating the range maps for these bats resulted in the modification of maps of 94 species, and the creation of new maps for 37 species missing from the IUCN database. From the 94 modified maps, 55 species increased their latitudinal range and 38 increased their longitudinal range. These modifications did not change the overall extent of occurrence of the clade. Altogether, modified and new maps represent 53% of Noctilionoidea. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set other than citation of this Data Paper.
The total cost of misclassification in credit scoring: A comparison of generalized linear models and generalized additive models
Authors: Lohmann Christian , Ohliger Thorsten 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study examines whether the evaluation of a bankruptcy prediction model should take into account the total cost of misclassification. For this purpose, we introduce and apply a validity measure in credit scoring that is based on the total cost of misclassification. Specifically, we use comprehensive data from the annual financial statements of a sample of German companies and analyze the total cost of misclassification by comparing a generalized linear model and a generalized additive model with regard to their ability to predict a company's probability of default. On the basis of these data, the validity measure we introduce shows that, compared to generalized linear models, generalized additive models can reduce substantially the extent of misclassification and the total cost that this entails. The validity measure we introduce is informative and justifies the argument that generalized additive models should be preferred, although such models are more complex than generalized linear models. We conclude that to balance a model's validity and complexity, it is necessary to take into account the total cost of misclassification.