bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precipitation Events, Soil Type, and Vineyard Management Practices Influence Soil Carbon Dynamics in a Mediterranean Climate (Lodi, California)
Authors: Yu Olivia T. , Greenhut Rachel F. , O'Geen Anthony T. , Mackey Bruce , Horwath William R. , Steenwerth Kerri L. 
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas
Vineyard management practices create spatial heterogeneity in CO2 efflux and SOM content.
Soil C dynamics are influenced by water availability rather than temperature in comparatively warm Mediterranean climates.
Soil tillage, organic amendments, cover crops, irrigation and precipitation stimulate CO2 efflux.
To characterize the effect of precipitation events, management practices, and soil type on vineyard carbon (C) dynamics, we monitored CO2 emissions and labile C pools from nine vineyards in Lodi Wine Grape District, California, from April 2011 to December 2012. These commercial vineyards are replicates of three soil series (Redding, San Joaquin, and Tokay), representing a spectrum of soil texture and degree of soil development. We hypothesized that soil characteristics would influence the magnitude of CO2 efflux occurring in response to precipitation and management events in a Mediterranean climate. During each field visit—bimonthly (April–October) and monthly (November–March)—we measured CO2, soil temperature, and gravimetric water content (GWC) from vine and intervine (alleys) rows. Monthly, we collected soil samples for dissolved organic C (DOC), which tended to be greater in the alleys of San Joaquin and Redding than Tokay in summer but decreased after the onset of precipitation. In mid‐May and mid‐October 2012, CO2 efflux was higher in Tokay than in San Joaquin or Redding. Carbon dioxide efflux across all soils increased as a result of seasonal management practices (i.e., tillage and mowing of cover crops). Management practices distinguished soil DOC between vine rows and alleys from June to October 2012. Soil type or clay content influenced CO2 efflux across these vineyards, as did GWC and soil temperature. This 20‐mo study indicated that CO2 efflux responded to soil disturbance from management practices, precipitation, and irrigation.
Estimation of Annual Soil Nitrogen Mineralization Rates using an Organic‐Nitrogen Budget Approach
Authors: Geisseler Daniel , Miller Kenneth S. , Aegerter Brenna J. , Clark Nicholas E. , Miyao Eugene M. 
Published: June 2019

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer use efficiency can be improved when nonfertilizer N inputs, including N mineralization from soil organic matter, can be quantified accurately. The objectives of this study were (i) to calculate annual N mineralization rates based on a budget for organic N inputs and outputs for soils under annual crops in California's Central Valley and (ii) to compare the results with temperature‐ and moisture‐adjusted N mineralization rates from a laboratory incubation. The organic‐N budget included organic N inputs from aboveground crop residues, roots, and root exudates as well as long‐term changes in soil organic N. A 10‐wk laboratory incubation was performed at 25°C and optimal moisture content with undisturbed soil cores collected pre‐plant in spring 2016 and 2017 from 30 field sites. The sites had no recent history of cover crops, manure, or compost applications. Based on the organic‐N budget, annual N mineralization rates in the top 30 cm of the profile ranged from 76 to 123 kg ha−1 yr−1. Taking soil moisture and temperature in furrow‐irrigated fields into account, approximately half of this amount was mineralized during a cropping season from mid‐April to mid‐August. Even when corrected for daily temperature and moisture content, N mineralization rates in the incubation study were considerably higher than the rates estimated with the organic‐N budget. The organic‐N budget provides an estimate of the annual N mineralization rates in these soils. Adjustments for soil properties and crop management will likely improve estimates for individual sites.Core Ideas
Annual N mineralization rates were calculated with an organic‐N budget.
Calculated annual N mineralization rates ranged from 76 to 123 kg ha−1.
A laboratory incubation overestimated N mineralization.
Bedding of Wetland Soil: Effects of Bed Height and Termite Activity on Wood Decomposition
Authors: Jurgensen Martin F. , Miller Chris A. , Trettin Carl T. , Page‐Dumroese Deborah S. 
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas
Wood stake decomposition is a function of both microbial and termite attack in raised beds in the US southeast.
Microbial decay was greater in single and double beds than in half beds and unbedded soil.
Mass loss was similar for both aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.).
Termites were active only on aspen stakes in single and double beds, where they increased mass loss 20‐30%.
As wood stakes decomposed, soil microsite variability of mass loss increased.
Microorganisms and termites are the primary wood decay agents in forests of the southeastern United States, whose activity can be affected by forest management practices. Bedding establishes raised planting beds on poorly‐drained soils, but little is known about the effect of bedding or soil bed height on wood decomposition. Therefore, a four height bedding study was conducted on a wetland soil in eastern South Carolina: flat (no bedding), half (7.5 cm), single (20 cm), and double (30 cm) above the original soil surface. Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) wood stakes were inserted to 30‐cm soil depth, sampled over 23 mo, and decomposition (mass loss) by soil microorganisms and termites assessed. Microbial decay of both aspen and pine stakes increased as bed height increased, approaching 50% mass loss in double beds at the end of the study. Termites were not present in the flat (unbedded) soil, only damaged <1% of stakes in half beds, but were very active in single and double beds. Termites damaged or consumed 43% of aspen stakes in the double beds, which increased aspen mass loss by 30%. In contrast, termites attacked only 11% of pine stakes in double beds, and had little impact on mass loss. Stake decomposition was highest at the 5‐cm soil depth and was affected by soil microsite variability among soil bed heights. Soil bedding increased wood decomposition by both soil microorganisms and termites, and their impact on soil organic matter content and productivity deserves more attention.
Climate change assessment impacts on the coastal area of Maliakos Gulf, Greece
Authors: Mentzafou A. , Conides A. , Dimitriou E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCoastal ecosystems are linked to socio-economic development, but simultaneously, are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic climate change and sea level rise (SLR). Within this scope, detailed topographic data resources of Spercheios River and Maliakos Gulf coastal area in Greece, combined with information concerning the economic value of the most important sectors of the area (wetland services, land property, infrastructure, income) were employed, so as to examine the impacts of three SLR scenarios, compiled based on the most recent regional projections reviewed. Based on the results, in the case of 0.3 m, 0.6 m and 1.0 m SLR, the terrestrial zone to be lost was estimated to be 6.2 km2, 18.9 km2 and 31.1 km2, respectively. For each scenario examined, wetlands comprise 68%, 41% and 39% of the total area lost, respectively, reflecting their sensitivity to even small SLR. The total economic impact of SLR was estimated to be 75.4 × 106 €, 161.7 × 106 € and 510.7 × 106 € for each scenario, respectively (3.5%, 7.5% and 23.7% of the gross domestic product of the area), 19%, 17% and 8% of which can be attributed to wetland loss. The consequences of SLR to the ecosystem services provided are indisputable, while adaptation and mitigation planning is required.
Enabling residential hybrid water systems through a water credit–debit system
Authors: Fornarelli R. , Anda M. , Dallas S. , Schmack M. , Dawood F. , Byrne J. , Morrison G. M. , Fox-Reynolds K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSmart metering and data analytics enable the implementation of a range of on-site infrastructures for energy, water and waste management to demonstrate the interconnected infrastructure of future smart cities. A research project in Western Australia is integrating smart metering technology, household participation and data analytics. An improved understanding of hybrid water systems at residential scale, as socially accepted solutions to promote water efficiency and economic savings, within the traditional centralized urban water network is achieved. An integrated water model and a system of water credits and debits are developed and tested on a case study for which 10-minute logged water consumption data of its hybrid water system are available for 1 year. The model is shown to provide a full characterization of the relationship between the household and the water resources, thus assisting with improved urban water management which promotes the rollout of decentralized hybrid water systems whilst accounting for the impacts on the aquifer as an ecosystem service provider.
Modulation of Drug Crystallization and Molecular Interactions by Additives in Solid Dispersions for Improving Drug Bioavailability
Authors: Tran Phuong H.L. , Duan Wei , Lee Beom-Jin , Tran Thao T.D. 
Published: June 2019

Background::
An increase in poorly water-soluble drugs makes the design of drug delivery systems
challenging.

Methods::
Currently, a number of prospective solid dispersions have been investigated with potential applications
for delivering a variety of poorly water-soluble drugs. A number of traditional solid dispersions and modifiedsolid
dispersions offer attractive advantages in the fabrication, design and development of those drugs for effective
therapeutics.

Results::
Although traditional solid dispersions can produce a higher release rate, resulting in higher bioavailability
compared to conventional dosage forms, this method is not always a promising approach. Modified-solid
dispersion has demonstrated both the ability of its polymers to transform drug crystals into amorphous forms and
molecular interactivity, thereby improving drug dissolution rate and bioavailability, especially with tough drugs.
However, the classification of modified-solid dispersion, which guides the selection of the right strategy in solid
dispersion preparation, remains ill-defined.

Conclusions::
This review focused on effective strategies in using additives in solid dispersion for improving drug
bioavailability.
Green Chemistry Preparation of thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyran and benzo[h]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazoline Derivatives using HSBM Technique over ZnAl2O4 Nano-Powders
Authors: Roudbaraki Seyyed Jalal , Janghorban Sadaf , Ghashang Majid 
Published: June 2019

Aim and Objective:
The aim of this paper is to introduce HSBM as a green and
environmentally friendly technique for the synthesis of thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyran and
benzo[h]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazoline derivatives over ZnAl2O4 nanopowders as an efficient catalyst.

Materials and Methods:
ZnAl2O4 nanopowders were synthesized via a co-precipitation of
Zn(NO3)2 and Al(NO3)3 salts and were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, TEM and DLS
techniques. The as-prepared ZnAl2O4 nano-powders have been used as a catalyst on the synthesis
of pyran nucleus using high-speed ball milling (HSBM) technique. The structure of products was
confirmed with NMR analysis.

Results:
ZnAl2O4 exhibits a cubic crystal structure (Space group: Fd-3m) with the average
crystallite size of 41 nm. The average particle size of ZnAl2O4 nano-powders determined by DLS
technique is 55 nm. The catalytic activity of nano-powders was examined on the synthesis of 2-
amino-4,5-dihydro-4-arylthiochromeno[4,3-b]pyran-3-carbonitriles, (8Z)-2-amino-8-arylidene-4,5,
7,8-tetrahydro-4-arylthiopyrano[4,3-b]pyran-3-carbonitriles, 4-aryl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinazoline-
2(1H)-thiones and 4-aryl-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-thiochromeno[4,3-d]pyrimidine-2-thione
derivatives. All products were obtained in high yields with short reaction times.

Conclusion:
ZnAl2O4 nanopowders were prepared via a cost-effective co-precipitation method and
showed good potential for the synthesis of 4H-pyran analogous in good yields. The salient
advantages of HSBM technique include environmentally friendly with reduced solvents, is a
simple technique and has low energy costs.
The Effect of Interleukin 38 on Inflammation-induced Corneal Neovascularization
Authors: Zhu Jiangli , Zhang Jing , Wang Yan , Chen Jianping , Li Xiaopeng , Liu Xiangling , Kong Eryan , Su Shao B. , Zhang Zhongjian 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Angiogenesis is tightly linked to inflammation. Cytokines of
interleukin 1 (IL-1) family are key mediators in modulating inflammatory responses.

Methods:
In this study, we examined the role of IL-38, a member of the IL-1 family, in
mediating inflammation-induced angiogenesis.

Results:
The results showed that the angiogenesis was attenuated by topical
administration of IL-38 to the injured corneas in a mouse model of alkali-induced corneal
neovascularization (CNV). Further study showed that the expression of inflammatory
cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β was decreased in the IL-38-treated corneas.
Moreover, the angiogenic activities including the proliferation, migration and tube
formation of human retinal endothelial cells were reduced by IL-38 treatment in vitro.

Conclusion:
The data indicate that IL-38 modulates inflammation-induced
angiogenesis.
Efficient Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides by an Amphipathic Cell-Penetrating Peptide in Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Chen Zhou , Nie Dan , Hu Yue , Li Mingkai , Hou Zheng , Mao Xinggang , Luo Xiaoxing , Xue Xiaoyan 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) was on the top
of the list of the most threatening bacteria published by the WHO in 2017. Antisense oligonucleotides
(ASOs) based therapy is a promising strategy for combating Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria because
of its high specificity, easy design and lower induction of resistance, but poor cellular uptake by
bacteria has restricted the further utilization of this therapy.

Methods:
Here, we used CADY, a secondary amphipathic peptide of 20 residues that could successfully
carry siRNA into mammalian cells, to prepare CADY/ASOs nanoparticles (CADY-NPs) targeting acpP
(encoding acyl carrier protein), and evaluated the uptake features, the inhibitory effects of CADY-NPs
on gene expression and the growth of MDR-A. baumannii.

Results:
We found that CADY-NPs could be quickly internalized by drug-sensitive and MDR-A. baumannii
in an energy independent manner, which could be restrained by chlorpromazine (an inhibitor of
clathrin mediated endocytosis) significantly. In addition, CADY-NPs targeting acpP concentrationdependently
retarded the growth of MDR-A. baumannii, which was associated with the decreased expression
of targeted genes in A. baumannii.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, our research is the first to demonstrate that CADY can deliver ASOs into
bacteria and provide a novel strategy for the treatment of MDR-A. baumannii.
Right Temporal Variant Frontotemporal Dementia Misdiagnosed as Schizophrenia
Authors: Shad Mujeeb U. , Howard Lindsay , Thomas Kristopher , Aga Vimal M. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Schizophrenia-like presentations of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are
well documented in medical literature, especially during the initial stage of the illness. We present
an interesting case of middle-aged white male, who was initially misdiagnosed with major depression
at age 50 and then with schizophrenia due to florid psychosis typically seen in Mild Behavioral
Impairment (MBI). It was not until over 4-years that a detailed clinical history along with specific
investigations confirmed the diagnosis of right temporal variant frontotemporal dementia (rtv-FTD).

Methods:
The unusual presentation of this case warranted 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro- D-glucose
integrated with computed tomography (FDG-PET) and comprehensive neuropsychological testing
to estblish a final diagnosis.

Results:
The results from neuroimaging and neuropsychological testing supported a diagnosis of
rtv-FTD without any evidence for Alzheimer’s dementia.

Conclusion:
This case illustrates that late-onset atypical psychiatric symptoms should be evaluated
for neurocognitive disorders, and the evaluation should include neuroimaging. It is preferable that
the neuroimaging findings be personally interpreted by the provider, who therefore needs to be
skilled in interpreting neuroimaging studies.
The Role of Older Age in Normocytic Anaemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wee Yen H. , Anpalahan Mahesan 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Older age has a significant association with anaemia. However, this has
not been adequately investigated in the context of specific comorbidities such as Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus (T2DM).

Objectives:
To investigate the role of age in Normocytic Anaemia (NCA) and the adverse outcomes
of NCA in T2DM.

Methods:
Patients with NCA, either unexplained or related to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD),
were recruited from a diabetic clinic over six months. Anaemia was defined as a haemoglobin(Hb)
< 130g/l for men and <120g/l for women. The relevant data were obtained by interviewing patients
and review of medical records. Patients were followed for 12 months for pre-defined adverse outcomes.

Results:
Of the 354 patients assessed, 203 were included (mean age 63.12 ± 13.62 years, males
49.8%). The prevalence of NCA was 24% (49). Older age had a significant univariate association
with NCA (p < 0.001) and this remained significant (adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) 1.24, 95% CI 1.16-
5.29) after adjusting for estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) < 60ml/min/1.73m2, albuminuria
and other potential confounders. Adjusting for eGFR as a continuous variable also confirmed
this significant association (OR1.15, 95% CI 1.10-7.01). In the subgroup of patients aged ≥
75 years, only older age was significantly associated with NCA. The incidence of all-cause mortality
and composite cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events was similar in the anaemic and nonanaemic
groups.

Conclusions:
NCA is common in T2DM and has a significant association with older age independent
of CKD. The anaemia is mild in most patients and appears to have a benign course.
Formulation and Optimization of Itraconazole Loaded Novel Nanostructured Lipid Carrier-based Ocular Controlled Release Formulation.
Authors: Pathania Ajay , Bhatt Shailendra , Kumar Manish , Saini Vipin 
Published: June 2019

Background:
The low penetration power and the retention time into the intraocular tissue are the main problems that make difficult for most of the drugs for the ocular drug delivery system. This is for those drugs that are having the low or poor solubility and the low permeability.

Objective:
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) loaded with Itraconazole (ITZ) were formulated with the aim to increase the solubility and enhance the retention time in the intraocular tissue. Methods: The NLCs were prepared by using Pluronic (PF127), stearic acid and oleic acid. Itraconazole loaded Nanostructured lipid carrier were prepared by high-pressure homogenization method and the formulations were prepared and optimized by 3 Level Factorial Design.

Results:
F6 was selected on the basis of better entrapment efficiency (94.65), optimum particle size (310nm), and percentage cumulative release (68.67%). Scanning electron microscopy revealed spherical Nanostructured lipid carrier in the microemulsion. Nanostructured lipid carrier Irritation test showed the non-irritancy and antifungal activity showed a more inhibition zone as compared to the marketed formulation.

Conclusion:
Conclusively the optimized Formulation (F6) shows better results for the ocular drug delivery as compared to the marked formulation.
Nonvolatile Resistive Switching of Mn3O4 Thin Films for Flexible Electronics Applications
Authors: Dash C.S. , Sivasubramanian A. , Prabaharan S.R.S. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction:
We report here our success in developing a flexible RRAM stack structure by
employing a low-cost method. Bare conductive commercial electric paint is used as anode against Stainless
Steel (SS) foil deposited with Mn3O4 thin films forming a BCEP/Mn3O4/SS thin film stack to understand
the intrinsic non-volatile resistive switching behavior of Mn3O4.

Experimental:
Thin film Mn3O4 is deposited on a SS (304) foil by means of potential sweep voltammetry
by maintaining typical conditions. Interestingly, the pristine device is subjected to an electroforming process
which exhibited a digital type bipolar resistive switching characteristics. The study of the conduction
mechanism revealed that the resistive switching arises due to local effect occurring in the bulk of Mn3O4,
which corresponds to the growth and annihilation of oxygen vacancy nanofilaments, and this is responsible
for the change in resistance state of the RRAM between Low Resistance State (LRS) and High
Resistance State (HRS) respectively.

Results:
In order to affirm the reliability and reproducibility of RRAM structure, the memory retention is
monitored over 103 s and subsequently, the endurance test is also carried out ensuring the reproducibility
over 100 cycles.

Conclusion:
Owing to the flexible nature of BCEP/Mn3O4/SS Foil RRAM stack structure, it is perceived
to be a prime candidate for future non-volatile memory and flexible electronics applications.
A Novel and Secure Image Encryption Scheme Based on Chaotic Logistic Map and Random Scrambling Using a Special Parameter of Gray Code Transformation
Authors: Yadav Sudeept S. , Singh Yashpal 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Image security is a major concern in the digital communication media. So
there are so many algorithms symmetric and asymmetric are available for securely transmit the image.
In symmetric key algorithm many algorithms are available based on bit plane decomposition
and random scrambling using chaotic maps.

Objective:
A secure image encryption algorithm is proposed based on the combination of (n, k, p) gray
code and chaotic logistic map to improve the performance of decomposition encryption methods.

Methods:
We suggest a new algorithm that improves the security of image encryption based on (n,
k, p) gray code and bit plane decomposition method. This new encryption technique uses the bit
plane decomposition of (n, k, p) gray code then random scrambling of each bit plane and chaotic logistic
by map using pixel substitution method.

Results:
The performance and security of proposed algorithm have been analyzed on different evaluation
metrics like MSE, PSNR, UAIC and NPCR and Correlation Coefficient etc. The experimental
results show that the proposed algorithm is secure and provides better results from the XOR
based substitution method.

Conclusion:
This new method can be utilized in imaging systems like tomography images of medical
field, tele-medicine and digital video, video conferencing in communication system. Further, we will
study to enhance and examine the execution of (n, k, p) gray code for data hiding and picture de-noising.