bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palladium Single‐Atom Catalysts Supported on C@C3N4 for Electrochemical Reactions
Authors: Kim Hee‐Eun , Lee In Hyuk , Cho Jinwon , Shin Sangyong , Ham Hyung Chul , Kim Jin Young , Lee Hyunjoo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSingle atom catalysts (SACs) maximize the utilization of noble metal whereas nanoparticle catalysts have inner metal atoms unavailable. In this study, various electrocatalytic reactions were investigated for Pd and Pt SACs. The single atoms were immobilized on thin layers of graphitic carbon nitride with carbon black (for simplicity, C@C3N4) to produce an electrochemically efficient and stable SACs. Single atomic structure was confirmed by high‐angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analyses. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and CO stripping experiments were conducted, and the results were compared with the corresponding nanoparticle catalysts. Lack of ensemble sites in the SACs resulted in two‐electron pathway for ORR; single atomic Pd on C@C3N4 (C@C3N4−Pd1) showed high activity and selectivity for H2O2 formation. DFT calculations showed that C@C3N4−Pd1 follows a downhill path for H2O2 formation unlike single atomic Pt on C@C3N4 (C@C3N4‐Pt1), resulting in enhanced H2O2 selectivity. Weaker adsorption of oxygen intermediates on C@C3N4−Pd1 resulted in enhanced ORR activity. The SACs showed no interaction with CO as confirmed by no CO stripping peak. This resulted in no activity for formic acid oxidation following indirect pathway or methanol oxidation, which necessitates COads as reaction intermediates. SACs can be efficient electrocatalysts with high activity and unique selectivity.
Establishing Communication Between Artificial Cells
Authors: Aufinger Lukas , Simmel Friedrich C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCommunication between artificial cells is essential for the realization of complex dynamical behaviors at the multi‐cell level. It is also an important prerequisite for modular systems design, because it determines how spatially separated functional modules can coordinate their actions. Among others, molecular communication is required for artificial cell signaling, synchronization of cellular behaviors, computation, group‐level decision‐making processes and pattern formation in artificial tissues. In this review, an overview of various recent approaches to create communicating artificial cellular systems is provided. In this context, important physicochemical boundary conditions that have to be considered for the design of the communicating cells are also described, and a survey of the most striking emergent behaviors that may be achieved in such systems is given.
Thermomorphic Multiphase Systems: Switchable Solvent Mixtures for the Recovery of Homogeneous Catalysts in Batch and Flow Processes
Authors: Bianga Jonas , Künnemann Kai U. , Gaide Tom , Vorholt Andreas J. , Seidensticker Thomas , Dreimann Jens M. , Vogt Dieter 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOver the past 20 years, thermomorphic multiphase systems (TMS) have been used as a versatile and elegant strategy for the recovery and recycling of homogeneous transition‐metal catalysts, in both batch‐scale experiments and continuously operated processes. TMS ensure a homogeneous reaction in a monophasic reaction mixture at reaction temperature and the recovery of the homogeneous transition‐metal catalyst through liquid–liquid separation at a lower separation temperature. This is achieved by using at least two solvents, which have a highly temperature‐sensitive miscibility gap. The suitability of commercially available solvents makes this approach highly interesting from an industrial point of view. For the first time, herein, all studies in the area of TMS are reviewed, with the aim of providing a concise and integral representation of this approach for homogeneous catalyst recovery. In addition to the discussion of examples from the literature, the thermodynamic fundamentals of the temperature‐dependent miscibility of solvents are also presented. This review also gives key indicators to compare different TMS approaches, for instance. In this way, new solvent combinations and in‐depth research, as well as improvements to existing approaches, can be addressed and promoted.
Vibrational circular dichroism as a probe of solid‐state organisation of derivatives of cyclic β‐amino acids: Cis‐ and trans‐2‐aminocyclobutane‐1‐carboxylic acid
Authors: Declerck Valérie , Pérez‐Mellor Ariel , Guillot Régis , Aitken David J. , Mons Michel , Zehnacker Anne 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPeptide models built from cis‐ and trans‐2‐aminocyclobutane‐1‐carboxylic acids (ACBCs) are studied in the solid phase by combining Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) absorption spectroscopy, vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), and quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory (DFT). The studied systems are N‐tert‐butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) derivatives of 2‐aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid (ACBC) benzylamides, namely Boc−(cis‐ACBC)−NH−Bn and Boc−(trans‐ACBC)−NH−Bn. These two diastereomers show very different VCD signatures and intensities, which of the trans‐ACBC derivative being one order of magnitude larger in the region of the ν (CO) stretch. The spectral signature of the cis‐ACBC derivative is satisfactorily reproduced by that of the monomer extracted from the solid‐state geometry of related ACBC derivatives, which shows that no long‐range effects are implicated for this system. In terms of hydrogen bonds, the geometry of this monomer is intermediate between the C6 and C8 structures (exhibiting a 6‐ or 8‐membered cyclic NH⋯O hydrogen bond) previously evidenced in the gas phase. The benzyl group must be in an extended geometry to reproduce satisfactorily the shape of the VCD spectrum in the ν (CO) range, which qualifies VCD as a potential probe of dispersion interaction. In contrast, reproducing the IR and VCD spectrum of the trans‐ACBC derivative requires clusters larger than four units, exhibiting strong intermolecular H‐bonding patterns. A qualitative agreement is obtained for a tetramer, although the intensity enhancement is not reproduced. These results underline the sensitivity of VCD to the long‐range organisation in the crystal.
Product color emotional design adaptive to product shape feature variation
Authors: Ding Man , Bai Zhonghang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhen a user selects a product, he/she considers the emotional experience induced by the product color. However, when affected by product shape feature, the color image perception space of a user becomes more complex and dynamic. To address this problem, a product color emotional design method adaptive to product shape feature variation is proposed in this article. Based on psychological means, factor analysis and semantic differential methods are used to elucidate the mechanism for the formation of a color image perception space of a user influenced by product shape feature. Using support vector regression, a product color image evaluation model adaptive to product shape feature variation is constructed, and is then optimized via a genetic algorithm. A corresponding design system is constructed based on the method proposed in this article. A case study involving the design of a thermos for children is presented to demonstrate the operational procedure involved in the proposed method and to verify its performance. The results of the verification experiments confirm that the design scheme from system recommendation essentially meets the anticipated image target and assists the designer effectively. The method and system proposed in this study can generate a product color design scheme, which is unconstrained by shape feature and can satisfy user emotional preferences and needs, and have a certain applicability and practicability.
Trinuclear Lanthanide Coordination Clusters: Single‐Molecule‐Magnet Behavior and Catalytic Activity in the Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation Reaction
Authors: Sarkar Arijit , Gómez‐García Carlos J. , Benmansour Samia , Nayek Hari Pada 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA new multidentate ligand (H3L) was synthesized by the condensation reaction of 4‐tert‐butyl‐2,6‐diformylphenol and 2‐amino‐4‐nitrophenol. The reaction of the ligand with hydrated lanthanide nitrate produced two isostructural trinuclear coordination clusters: [DyLn3L3(DMF)3(H2O)2] ⋅ 3.8DMFLn=Dy (1) and Nd (2) (DMF=N, N‐dimethylformamide). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that there are three lanthanide ions arranged in an almost perfect linear fashion in both complexes. Magnetic studies show single‐molecule‐magnet (SMM) behavior in the Dy derivative with τ0=1.7×10−6 s and a thermal energy barrier of 7.0 cm−1. Both complexes were used as catalysts towards the Friedel‐Crafts alkylation reaction of indole with different aldehydes with yields varying from 59–98 %. Complex 1 showed better catalytic efficiency than complex 2. This is the first report of using trinuclear lanthanide coordination clusters as catalysts for the Friedel‐Crafts alkylation reaction.
Cognitive fusion and depressive symptoms in women with chronic pain: A longitudinal growth curve modelling study over 12 months
Authors: Carvalho Sérgio A. , Trindade Inês A. , Gillanders David , Pinto‐Gouveia José , Castilho Paula 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study aims to (a) explore individual differences in women with chronic pain (CP) in regard to pain intensity, functional impairment, cognitive fusion, and depressive symptoms and (b) longitudinally test whether cognitive fusion is a significant predictor of depression symptoms, while controlling for pain intensity and functional impairment, over a 12‐month period. This study follows a longitudinal design and was conducted in a sample of 86 women with CP who responded to an online battery of questionnaires in three equally spaced assessment moments. In order to explore the growth trajectory of variables of interest, latent growth curve models were examined. Also, correlation analyses were conducted between demographic and illness‐related variables and depressive symptoms, as well as between all variables in all assessment moments. Cognitive fusion and functional impairment (but not pain intensity) were significantly associated with baseline levels of depressive symptoms. Cognitive fusion significantly predicted the growth trajectory of depressive symptoms, whereas pain intensity and functional impairment did not. No demographic (age, marital status, education, socio‐economic) nor illness‐related variables (number of CP diagnoses, duration of CP, taking medication) were associated with depressive symptoms at any point. These results suggest that the trajectory of depressive symptoms in women with CP is not predicted by the intensity of pain nor pain‐related functional impairment, but rather by the tendency to get entangled with internal experiences (e.g., thoughts, emotions, and physical sensations), which may or may not be related to pain‐specific contents. Clinical implications are discussed.
Drivers and spatial structure of abiotic and biotic properties of lakes, wetlands, and streams at the national scale
Authors: King Katelyn , Cheruvelil Kendra Spence , Pollard Amina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBroad‐scale studies have improved our ability to make predictions about how freshwater biotic and abiotic properties will respond to changes in climate and land use intensification. Further, fine‐scaled studies of lakes, wetlands, or streams have documented the important role of hydrologic connections for understanding many freshwater biotic and abiotic processes. However, lakes, wetlands, and streams are typically studied in isolation of one another at both fine and broad scales. Therefore, it is not known whether these three freshwater types (lakes, wetlands, and streams) respond similarly to ecosystem and watershed drivers nor how they may respond to future global stresses. In this study, we asked, do lake, wetland, and stream biotic and abiotic properties respond to similar ecosystem and watershed drivers and have similar spatial structure at the national scale? We answered this question with three U.S. conterminous data sets of freshwater ecosystems. We used random forest (RF) analysis to quantify the multi‐scaled drivers related to variation in nutrients and biota in lakes, wetlands, and streams simultaneously; we used semivariogram analysis to quantify the spatial structure of biotic and abiotic properties and to infer possible mechanisms controlling the ecosystem properties of these freshwater types. We found that abiotic properties responded to similar drivers, had large ranges of spatial autocorrelation, and exhibited multi‐scale spatial structure, regardless of freshwater type. However, the dominant drivers of variation in biotic properties depended on freshwater type and had smaller ranges of spatial autocorrelation. Our study is the first to document that drivers and spatial structure differ more between biotic and abiotic variables than across freshwater types, suggesting that some properties of freshwater ecosystems may respond similarly to future global changes.
Prescribed fire and partial overstory removal alter an acorn–rodent conditional mutualism
Authors: Greenler Skye M. , Estrada Laura A. , Kellner Kenneth F. , Saunders Michael R. , Swihart Robert K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn eastern North America, oak (Quercus) regeneration failure has spurred management using silvicultural approaches better aligned with the autecology of oaks. In particular, shelterwood harvests can create favorable intermediate light conditions for oak establishment and prescribed fire is predicted (by the oak–fire hypothesis) to favor oak regeneration. These approaches substantially modify forest structure and may affect crucial trophic interactions including the conditional mutualism between oaks and granivorous rodents that scatterhoard acorns, which shifts along a continuum from antagonistic to mutualistic depending on external factors. We investigated how overwinter survival and dispersal of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) acorns were influenced by location within or outside of group shelterwood harvests (small canopy gaps created throughout an intact forest stand) with and without prescribed fire. We conducted two concurrent experiments to test (1) dispersal and survival of acorns presented on the forest floor and (2) acorn pilferage rates from caches that mimic squirrel scatterhoards in shelterwood gap/group interiors, edges, and the uncut forest matrix in burned and unburned forest stands. In both experiments, acorn survival was generally higher in burned than unburned stands. Acorn survival from forest floor presentations was higher in the unharvested forest matrix than harvest gap interiors; however, there was no effect of proximity to harvest gaps on survival of cached acorns. Survival of cached acorns was associated with understory vegetative cover (−), coarse woody debris cover (−), and distance to nearest tree (+), but uncorrelated with canopy cover above the cache. Our results suggest that reduced understory cover following prescribed fire may increase perceived habitat riskiness for granivores resulting in higher acorn survival up to 2 yr post‐fire. These findings unify the oak–fire and oak–granivore conditional mutualism hypotheses, and suggest that the environmental conditions following prescribed fire and group shelterwood harvests may shift the oak–granivore conditional mutualism in a direction beneficial for oak regeneration.
The potential of satellite greenness to predict plant diversity among wetland types, ecoregions, and disturbance levels
Authors: Taddeo Sophie , Dronova Iryna , Harris Kendall 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe unprecedented global biodiversity loss has massive implications for the capacity of ecosystems to maintain functions critical to human well‐being, urgently calling for rapid, scalable, and reproducible strategies for biodiversity monitoring, particularly in threatened ecosystems with difficult field access such as wetlands. Remote sensing indicators of spectral variability and greenness may predict the diversity of plant communities based on their optical diversity; however, most evidence is based on narrowband spectral data or terrestrial ecosystems. We investigate how spectral greenness and heterogeneity from publicly available broadband multi‐spectral Landsat satellite imagery explain variation in vegetation diversity across different wetland types, ecoregions, and disturbance levels using 1,138 sites surveyed by U.S. EPA's National Wetland Condition Assessment. We found positive correlations of plant species richness and diversity with indicators of annual maximum spectral greenness and its spatial heterogeneity, explaining up to 43% variation within the global sample, 48% within wetland types or ecoregions, and up to 61% with abiotic covariates. The combined effect of spectral greenness and heterogeneity was stronger than the best‐performing model using climatic, topographic, and edaphic factors alone. When compared among major U.S. watersheds and individual states, the fit of diversity‐greenness models increased when more wetland types were included within the corresponding region's boundaries, up to 61% at the watershed and 77% at the state level, respectively, for diversity models and up to 73% and 80%, respectively, for richness models. Model outliers were characterized by a significantly greater diversity of nonnative species (P < 0.0001), suggesting that changes in model performance and greenness distributions could be used as indicators of shifts in plant community composition, particularly in tidal wetlands making the majority of outliers with significantly lower than predicted diversity. This study represents a first‐time national‐scale effort to use publicly available remote sensing, climatic, and topographic data to predict plant diversity in wetlands, which tend to be understudied compared to terrestrial ecosystems despite being among the most stressed ecosystems on Earth. Our study suggests that multi‐temporal broadband satellite imagery could provide a low‐cost assessment of regional and national wetland biodiversity for prioritization of conservation efforts and early detection of biodiversity loss.
Eye‐tracking study on the effects of happiness and sadness on body dissatisfaction and selective visual attention during mirror exposure in bulimia nervosa
Authors: Naumann Eva , Biehl Stefanie , Svaldi Jennifer 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveAbundant research points to the central role of body image disturbances in the occurrence of eating disorders (ED). While emotional arousal has been identified as a trigger for binge eating in bulimia nervosa (BN), empirical knowledge on the influence of emotions on body image in individuals with BN is scarce. The present study sought to experimentally examine effects of a positive and negative emotion induction on body dissatisfaction and selective attention towards negatively valenced body parts among people with BN.MethodIn a randomized‐controlled cross‐over design, happiness and sadness were induced by film clips one‐week apart in women with BN (n= 23) and non‐ED controls (n= 26). After the emotion induction, participants looked at their body in a full‐length mirror, while their attentional allocation was recorded with the help of a mobile eye tracker. Participants repeatedly rated their momentary body dissatisfaction.ResultsInduction of happiness led to a significant decrease in self‐reported body dissatisfaction. Furthermore, attentional bias (higher gaze duration and frequency) towards the most disliked body part relative to the most liked body part was significantly greater in the sadness than happiness condition in BN. No significant effects of emotion induction on gaze duration and gaze frequency during mirror exposure were found for controls.DiscussionIn line with assumptions of current models on ED, findings support the notion that emotional state influences the body image of patients with BN.
Sensory testing associates with pain quality descriptors during acute dental pain
Authors: Erdogan Ozge , Malek Matthew , Janal Malvin N. , Gibbs Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPain descriptors capture the multidimensional nature of pain and can elucidate underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. This study determined whether the pain descriptors chosen by subjects experiencing acute dental pain associate with the outcomes of two commonly performed dental sensory tests. The goal of the study is to clarify whether pain descriptors are useful in discriminating the underlying biological processes contributing to dental pain.MethodsParticipants (n = 228) presenting with acute toothache underwent standardized clinical dental sensory testing and described their pain in reference to 22 pain quality descriptors. Univariate and two‐way ANOVA determined the relationship between groups defined by cold detection (positive or negative) and percussion hypersensitivity (painful or not) on the affected tooth, and pain descriptor reporting.ResultsSubjects experiencing painful toothache most frequently reported evoked pain to temperature and chewing, and pain descriptors such as “throbbing” and “aching.” They also reported neuropathic pain descriptors such as “tingling” and “electric shock.” Subjects who detected a cold stimulus (thermal) on the affected tooth, frequently reported high intensity paroxysmal shooting pain compared to those that did not detect cold. By contrast, patients with percussion (mechanical) hypersensitivity on the affected tooth, reported higher levels of global pain intensity at rest and in function, and reported significantly higher intensity “radiating” and “throbbing” pain, than subjects with non‐painful percussion.ConclusionsThe reporting of neuropathic pain descriptors by subjects experiencing acute toothache was more frequent than expected, suggesting that neuropathic mechanisms could contribute to typical toothache pain. Subjects experiencing toothache with mechanical hypersensitivity experience more intense pain overall.SignificanceIn subjects experiencing acute toothache, specific pain descriptors associate with the responses to routine clinical sensory tests performed on the injured tooth. The frequent reporting of neuropathic pain descriptors suggests that neuropathic mechanisms could create a diagnostic challenge to differentiate toothache from intraoral neuropathic conditions. Persons experiencing toothache with mechanical hypersensitivity experience more intense pain overall, suggesting patients with this clinical feature will have distinct clinical pain management needs.