bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protons and carbon ions acceleration in the target‐normal‐sheath‐acceleration regime using low‐contrast fs laser and metal‐graphene targets
Authors: Torrisi Lorenzo , Cutroneo Mariapompea , Torrisi Alfio 
Published: September 2019

Abstractfs pulsed lasers at an intensity of the order of 1018 W/cm2, with a contrast of 10−5, were employed to irradiate thin foils to study the target‐normal‐sheath‐acceleration (TNSA) regime. The forward ion acceleration was investigated using 1/11 µm thickness foils composed of a metallic sheet on which a thin reduced graphene oxide film with 10 nm thickness was deposited by single or both faces. The forward‐accelerated ions were detected using SiC semiconductors connected in time‐of‐flight configuration. The use of intense and long pre‐pulse generating the low contrast does not permit to accelerate protons above 1 MeV because it produces a pre‐plasma destroying the foil, and the successive main laser pulse interacts with the expanding plasma and not with the overdense solid surface. Experimental results demonstrated that the maximum proton energies of about 700 keV and of 4.2 MeV carbon ions and higher were obtained under the condition of the optimal acceleration procedure. The measurements of ion energy and charge states confirm that the acceleration per charge state is measurable from the proton energy, confirming the Coulomb–Boltzmann‐shifted theoretical model. However, heavy ions cannot be accelerated due to their mass and low velocity, which does not permit them to be subjected to the fast and high developed electric field driving the light‐ion acceleration. The ion acceleration can be optimized based on the laser focal positioning and on the foil thickness, composition, and structure, as it will be presented and discussed.
Low body mass and ethnic identity exploration exacerbate the association between body image concerns and loss of control eating in Hispanic/Latino men
Authors: Williamson Gina , Guidinger Claire , Kelly Nichole R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveAlthough Hispanic/Latino populations have some of the highest rates of obesity in the United States, little is known about their loss of control (LOC) eating, a robust predictor of excess weight gain. This study examined the association between body image concerns and LOC eating frequency in a sample of young Hispanic/Latino men. Body mass index (BMI), ethnic identity, and acculturation were examined as potential moderators.MethodThe sample included 271 Hispanic/Latino men between the ages of 18 and 30 years (Mage = 23.89 ± 3.54; MBMI= 26.46 ± 5.82). Participants completed an online survey and reported on height, weight, and demographic characteristics; concerns with muscularity and body fat; LOC eating frequency in the last 28 days; ethnic identity; and perceived acculturation.ResultsNegative binomial regression models were conducted, adjusting for BMI, income, education, and presence of a psychiatric diagnosis. Concerns with muscularity and body fat were positively associated with LOC eating frequency (ps < .001). Low BMI exacerbated the link between concerns with body fat and LOC eating frequency (p = .03). The positive association between concerns with muscularity and LOC eating frequency was exacerbated among those who reported low ethnic identity exploration (p = .01). While acculturation did not function as a moderator (ps = .14–.27), it was inversely associated with LOC eating frequency (p < .001).DiscussionBMI and ethnic identity are important individual factors to consider in the link between body image concerns and LOC eating among young Hispanic/Latino men.
Analysis of new retrogenes provides insight into dog adaptive evolution
Authors: Gao Xiang , Li Yan , Adetula Adeyinka A. , Wu Yu , Chen Hong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe origin and subsequent evolution of new genes have been considered as an important source of genetic and phenotypic diversity in organisms. Dog breeds show great phenotypic diversity for morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits. However, the contributions of newly originated retrogenes, which provide important genetic bases for dog species differentiation and adaptive traits, are largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the dog genome to identify new RNA‐based duplications and comprehensively investigated their origin, evolution, functions in adaptive traits, and gene movement processes. First, we totally identified 3,025 retrocopies including 476 intact retrogenes, 2,518 retropseudogenes, and 31 chimerical retrogenes. Second, selective pressure along with ESTs expression analysis showed that most of the intact retrogenes were significantly under stronger purifying selection and subjected to more functional constraints when compared to retropseudogenes. Furthermore, a large number of retrocopies and chimerical retrogenes that occurred approximately 22 million years ago implied a burst of retrotransposition in the dog genome after the divergence time between dog and its closely related species red fox. Interestingly, GO and pathway analyses showed that new retrogenes had expanded in glutathione biosynthetic/metabolic process which likely provided important genetic basis for dogs' adaptation to scavenge human waste dumps. Finally, consistent with the results in human and mouse, a significant excess of functional retrogenes movement on and off the X chromosome in the dog confirmed a general pattern of gene movement process in mammals which was likely driven by natural selection or sexual antagonism. Together, these results increase our understanding that new retrogenes can reshape the dog genome and provide further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying the dogs' adaptive evolution.
Polystyrene nanofibers for nonwoven porous building insulation materials
Authors: Datsyuk Vitaliy , Trotsenko Svitlana , Peikert Katharina , Höflich Katja , Wedel Nelli , Allar Christian , Sick Torben , Deinhart Victor , Reich Stephanie , Krcmar Wolfgang 
Published: September 2019

The building industry makes a great effort to reduce energy consumption. The use of nanotechnology is one of the approaches to surpassing the properties of conventional insulation materials. In this work, an industrial cost‐effective method to manufacture highly porous materials with excellent thermal insulation properties is described. The materials are prepared from polystyrene recovered from the building sector and electrospun as nanofiber‐based sheets. Varying electrospinning parameters allow controlling the morphology of the produced materials. The materials are obtained with differences in interfiber and inner‐fiber porosity and morphology. The thermal conductivity of the freestanding and compressed materials is evaluated. Those differences affect the insulation performance: the materials with higher interfiber porosity show better thermal insulation in the freestanding state. An increase of the inner‐fiber porosity leads to better insulation in the compressed samples. Insertion of carbon nanomaterials reduces the effects of the infrared Radiation. Nanofiber‐based insulation materials from the recycled expanded polystyrene (EPS) show thermal conductivity values of 20 to 25 mW/mK (ie, 20% to 30% below the thermal conductivity of the commercial EPS). The effect of integrating polystyrene nanofiber sheets into conventional wall‐building materials is also investigated in terms of thermal insulation. The nanofiber insulation sheets are sandwiched between two pieces of the building materials resulting in a drastic increase of the insulation effect. The materials have a great potential in using, for example, as thermal insulation for the restoration of historic buildings in the narrow central parts of the old towns.
A fishtail well design for cyclic steam injection—A case study from Yarega heavy oil field in Russia
Authors: Abzaletdinov German A. , Ajayi Temitope , Elnoamany Youssuf A. , Durkin Sergey , Gupta Ipsita 
Published: September 2019

AbstractYarega heavy oil field (YHOF) is a naturally fractured heavy oil field where only recently steam‐assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) technology has been introduced. SAGD employed in this field has so far resulted in early steam breakthrough leading to producer well abandonment and recurrent drilling procedures invariably increasing costs. Therefore, as opposed to SAGD, we propose the joint application of cyclic steam injection (CSS) technology with fishtail wells. The advantages of CSS are well documented. The addition of fishtail wells to this strategy assists in reducing the travel time the mobilized oil takes to arrive at a well perforation. Our results demonstrate that the synergy between these two strategies can further improve recoveries in heavy oil reservoirs. A reservoir simulation model of a sector in the YHOF is employed to understand heat/mass transfer mechanisms and for production enhancement recommendations. Different well configuration strategies were tested on this model. Results from the three‐dimensional sector in the YHOF model suggest that in addition to the thermal development technologies employed in this reservoir, CSS coupled with fishtail wells provided favorable steam‐oil ratios, cumulative energy‐oil ratios, and enhanced cumulative oil recovery for a naturally fractured reservoir. Well abandonment issues arising from SAGD approach currently being applied can therefore be eliminated. Based on results from this research, we recommend the testing of a fishtail well development plan with CSS that includes a 10‐day steam injection, 10‐day soaking period, and 10‐day production period. In comparison with continuous steam injection recovery (4.5% over 3 years), our simulation results showed an improved recovery of 7% over the same period with this concept. In addition to the technical advantage of this strategy, favorable steam‐oil and energy‐oil ratios imply that minimal economic costs are achieved and carbon footprints are lessened.
Geomorphic controls on floodplain sediment and soil organic carbon storage in a Scottish mountain river
Authors: Swinnen Ward , Daniëls Teun , Maurer Eline , Broothaerts Nils , Verstraeten Gert 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRiver floodplains constitute an important element in the terrestrial sediment and organic carbon cycle and store variable amounts of carbon and sediment depending on a complex interplay of internal and external driving forces. Quantifying the storage in floodplains is crucial to understand their role in the sediment and carbon cascades. Unfortunately, quantitative data on floodplain storage are limited, especially at larger spatial scales. Rivers in the Scottish Highlands can provide a special case to study alluvial sediment and carbon dynamics because of the dominance of peatlands throughout the landscape, but the alluvial history of the region remains poorly understood. In this study, the floodplain sediment and soil organic carbon storage is quantified for the mountainous headwaters of the River Dee in eastern Scotland (663 km2), based on a coring dataset of 78 floodplain cross‐sections. Whereas the mineral sediment storage is dominated by wandering gravel‐bed river sections, most of the soil organic carbon storage can be found in anastomosing and meandering sections. The total storage for the Upper Dee catchment can be estimated at 5.2 Mt or 2306.5 Mg ha‐1 of mineral sediment and 0.7 Mt or 323.3 Mg C ha‐1 of soil organic carbon, which is in line with other studies on temperate river systems. Statistical analysis indicates that the storage is mostly related to the floodplain slope and the geomorphic floodplain type, which incorporates the characteristic stream power, channel morphology and the deposit type. Mapping of the geomorphic floodplain type using a simple classification scheme shows to be a powerful tool in studying the total storage and local variability of mineral sediment and soil organic carbon in floodplains. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blockchain‐based security aspects in heterogeneous Internet‐of‐Things networks: A survey
Authors: Pohrmen Fabiola Hazel , Das Rohit Kumar , Saha Goutam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBlockchain is a key technology that enables cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Litecoin, etc. In recent years, researchers have ventured into tapping the potential of blockchain‐based ecosystems beyond cryptocurrencies. This paper explores the convergence of blockchain with the Internet of things (IoT) and its improved versions like software‐defined network (SDN)–based IoT, which are upcoming technologies in the area. This paper gives a brief description of the IoT and its challenges, especially the security aspects. It also discusses how blockchain concept can further resolve these challenges on the SDN‐based IoT platform. This paper first discussed the evolution of conventional IoT to the SDN‐based IoT, which can resolve many drawbacks of a conventional IoT system. Also, it is focused on how the concept of blockchain can be converged with SDN‐based IoT system to further improve its security aspects. Although the convergence of these different technologies has resulted into many advantages, many associated challenges still remain. This paper highlighted these challenges and opportunities to discover many other research issues that need to be resolved. The details of current literature on the same issue has also been highlighted in this paper.
Concentration of aroma compounds by pervaporation process using polyvinyl chloride membrane
Authors: Unlu Derya 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe organoleptic properties of beverage products have an important role in consumption and commercial success. Nowadays aroma recovery with high efficiency is an important process. Hydrophobic pervaporation is an alternative process for the recovery of aroma compounds in the food industry. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of operation temperature, feed concentration, and driving force on the recovery of different aroma compounds such as propyl acetate, pentyl acetate, and octyl acetate by pervaporation. Pervaporation was operated using a Polyvinyl Chloride hydrophobic membrane. As the process temperature and the feed concentration increased, the flux increased, but separation factor values of binary aqueous solutions of the aroma components propyl acetate, pentyl acetate, and octyl acetate decreased. Polyvinyl Chloride possessed a higher separation factor value for propyl acetate than octyl acetate and pentyl acetate. This situation was also confirmed with swelling tests and solubility parameters. Low‐swelling degree results in a high separation factor. The highest separation success was observed for propyl acetate. The flux and separation factor of propyl acetate were obtained as 1.57 kg m−2 h−1 and 158, respectively. It has been found that the pervaporation is an efficient process for aroma recovery from water and that the polyvinyl chloride membrane exhibits good separation performance from the removal of propyl acetate, pentyl acetate, and octyl acetate from the water.
Effects of supplying additional information: Experimental evidence on the behavior of capital market experts
Authors: Hommel Ulrich , Prokesch Tobias , Wohlenberg Holger , von der Gracht Heiko A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHerding is extensively discussed in the literature, yet the results are so far inconclusive. The question of how additional information is processed remains unclear. This article presents the outcome of a novel two‐stage forecasting experiment that examines how capital market experts process ‘additional’ information. In the first stage, we test whether experts are engaging in herding or anti‐herding. In the second stage, we analyze how additional information is reflected in the experts' forecasting behavior in terms of hit rate, miscalibration, width of forecasting interval and confidence level. The paper delivers evidence on the presence of anti‐herding, which also tends to impact forecasting accuracy negatively. Moreover, additional information decreases the width of the forecast interval, leading to a lower hit rate. As a consequence, the level of overconfidence increases, while the level of forecasting confidence remains stable.
Biochemical composition and antioxidant activity of three extra virgin olive oils from the Irpinia Province, Southern Italy
Authors: Fratianni Florinda , Cozzolino Rosaria , Martignetti Antonella , Malorni Livia , d’Acierno Antonio , De Feo Vincenzo , da Cruz Adriano G. , Nazzaro Filomena 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExtra virgin olive oil (EVOO), appraised for its healthy properties, represents an important element for the economy of several countries of the Mediterranean area, including Italy. Our study aimed to evaluate some biochemical characteristics (polyphenols and volatile compounds) as well as the antioxidant activity of three EVOOs obtained from the varieties Ravece, Ogliarola, and Ruvea antica, grown in the same field of an Irpinian village, Montella, in the Campania region, Southern Italy. Extra virgin olive oil Ruvea antica contained the greatest amount of total polyphenols and showed the highest antioxidant activity. Principal component analysis of the aromatic profiles indicated that the three EVOOs could be easily discriminated according to the cultivar. 1‐Hexanol, 2‐hexen‐1‐ol, 3‐pentanone, representing the most abundant volatiles of the EVOO Ruvea antica, and 2‐hexenal, which resulted the main component in EVOOs Ogliarola and Ravece, could be considered as markers to discriminate these three EVOOs, according to the ReliefF feature selection algorithm.
Association between brain amyloid accumulation and neuropsychological characteristics in elders with depression and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Youn HyunChul , Lee Suji , Han Changsu , Kim Seung‐Hyun , Jeong Hyun‐Ghang 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate the presence of cerebral amyloidopathy and its associations with performances on neurocognitive tests and clinical features in depressed elders with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods/designIn total, 94 older adults with concomitant MCI and some depressive symptoms were included in this study. Cerebral amyloidopathy was evaluated using 18F‐florbetaben‐positron emission tomography. A standardized neurocognitive test battery and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were administered to all subjects. We examined the Apolipoprotein E genotype using a polymerase chain reaction‐based method.ResultsAmong the 94 initial participants, seven participants were excluded because of failure to undergo MRI or complete the neuropsychological battery. Among 87 subjects, 45 elders (51.7%) had cerebral amyloidopathy and were classified as the concomitant depression and MCI with cerebral amyloid‐accumulation‐positive (CDAP) group; others were classified as the concomitant depression and MCI with cerebral amyloid‐accumulation‐negative (CDAN) group. Poorer performances on word list recall and constructional recall were observed in the CDAP group than in the CDAN group.ConclusionsThe results indicate that around half of older adults with concomitant MCI and some depressive symptoms might be prone to have Alzheimer dementia. Results of neurocognitive tests possibly aid in discerning the presence of cerebral amyloidopathy.
Wnt/β‐Catenin Signaling Plays a Protective Role in the Mdr2 Knockout Murine Model of Cholestatic Liver Disease
Authors: Pradhan‐Sundd Tirthadipa , Kosar Karis , Saggi Harvinder , Zhang Rong , Vats Ravi , Cornuet Pamela , Green Sydney , Singh Sucha , Zeng Gang , Sundd Prithu , Nejak‐Bowen Kari 
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims
The Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway has a well‐described role in liver pathobiology. Its suppression was recently shown to decrease bile acid (BA) synthesis, thus preventing the development of cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis after bile duct ligation (BDL).

Approach and Results
To generalize these observations, we suppressed β‐catenin in Mdr2 knockout (KO) mice, which develop sclerosing cholangitis due to regurgitation of BA from leaky ducts. When β‐catenin was knocked down (KD) in KO for 2 weeks, hepatic and biliary injury were exacerbated in comparison to KO given placebo, as shown by serum biochemistry, ductular reaction, inflammation, and fibrosis. Simultaneously, KO/KD livers displayed increased oxidative stress and senescence and an impaired regenerative response. Although the total liver BA levels were similar between KO/KD and KO, there was significant dysregulation of BA transporters and BA detoxification/synthesis enzymes in KO/KD compared with KO alone. Multiphoton intravital microscopy revealed a mixing of blood and bile in the sinusoids, and validated the presence of increased serum BA in KO/KD mice. Although hepatocyte junctions were intact, KO/KD livers had significant canalicular defects, which resulted from loss of hepatocyte polarity. Thus, in contrast to the protective effect of β‐catenin KD in BDL model, β‐catenin KD in Mdr2 KO aggravated rather than alleviated injury by interfering with expression of BA transporters, hepatocyte polarity, canalicular structure, and the regenerative response.

Conclusions
The resulting imbalance between ongoing injury and restitution led to worsening of the Mdr2 KO phenotype, suggesting caution in targeting β‐catenin globally for all cholestatic conditions.
Stereospecific Cross‐Coupling Reactions Provide Conformationally‐Biased Arylalkanes with Anti‐Leukemia Activity
Authors: Sanford Amberly B. , Tollefson Emily J. , Jarvo Elizabeth R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA focused small library of carbamates and alcohols was prepared employing stereospecific Kumada‐ring opening reactions of tetrahydropyrans. The core framework of the library members is acyclic and incorporates 1,3‐substituents, to provide a conformational bias in avoiding syn‐pentane interactions. A new compound with micromolar activity against MOLT‐4, CCRF‐CEM, and HL‐60(TB) leukemia cell lines was identified from this series.
China's new normal and the implications to domestic and global business
Authors: Abdul‐Rahaman Abdul‐Rashid , Hongxing Yao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe use a VEC model to analyse China's “new normal” and how they affect aggregate components of China's balance of payment account, which represents China and the rest of the world. We assessed whether the tightening financial conditions impact China's long‐run growth. We also assessed the reduction in savings and its effect on growth. We further assess the claim of increasing net capital flows through a stable currency. We also compute China's currency gains and losses in CFET countries using the approach in and analysed how reducing national savings will impact on currency gains in the FX market. Analysing the fluctuations in capital flows, and its determinants, are significant for the restructuring since the government has undertaken to reduce his participation in direct financing. The research found that the gradual tightening of monetary policy if core inflation continues to pick up will not affect the long run current account growth, whereas reduced savings will have a short‐run adverse effect on growth. These conclusions support the assertion in. Furthermore, the liberalization of the financial systems reduces growth in the short run, whereas the fluctuations in renminbi have no impact on the capital account. We, therefore, do not find evidence of currency stability, aiding and facilitating net capital flows. Also, the decision to tighten policy rates and the effects on the capital account depends on the margin of the change. Lastly, the liberalization reforms will increase currency gains and also trigger currency appreciations.