bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective feedback for millennials in new organizations
Authors: Ray Prantika , Singh Manjari 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to understand aspects of feedback given to the millennial generation, particularly in new organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on a review of existing literature from journals and magazines. The perspectives discussed in this paper have been substantiated with discussions with practicing line and HR managers. This paper has been further developed after conducting informal discussions with employees and their supervisors (both millennials and non-millennials). However, the synthesized perspectives expressed here are those of the authors.

Findings
The millennial generation has characteristics that relate to receiving feedback. Key aspects discussed in this paper are the purpose of feedback, formal versus informal methods, short versus long-term orientation, frequency, hierarchical relationships, and technology.

Practical implications
With the increasing entry of millennials into the workforce, organizations need to focus on the mechanisms and environments for effective feedback.

Originality/value
This paper is timely given the rising number of millennials entering the workforce. This work looks into the mechanisms for effective performance feedback, as well as creating a facilitating environment with the focus on employee development.
Automatic body measurement based on slicing loops
Authors: Zhong Yueqi , Li Duan , Wu Ge , Hu PengPeng 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The automatic body measurement is the key of tailoring, mass customization and fit/ease evaluation. The major challenges include finding the landmarks and extracting the sizes accurately. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new method of body measurement based on the loop structure.

Design/methodology/approach
The scanned human model is sliced equally to layers consist of various shapes of loops. The semantic feature analysis has been regarded as a problem of finding the points of interest (POI) and the loop of interest (LOI) according to the types of loop connections. Methods for determining the basic landmarks have been detailed.

Findings
The experimental results validate that the proposed methods can be used to locate the landmarks and to extract sizes on markless human scans robustly and efficiently.

Originality/value
With the method, the body measurement can be quickly performed with average errors around 0.5 cm. The results of segmentation, landmarking and body measurements also validate the robustness and efficiency of the proposed methods.
Biosynthesis of abscisic acid in fungi: identification of a sesquiterpene cyclase as the key enzyme in Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Izquierdo‐Bueno Inmaculada , González‐Rodríguez Victoria E. , Simon Adeline , Dalmais Bérengère , Pradier Jean‐Marc , Le Pêcheur Pascal , Mercier Alex , Walker Anne‐Sophie , Garrido Carlos , Collado Isidro González , Viaud Muriel 
Published: April 2018

SummaryWhile abscisic acid (ABA) is known as a hormone produced by plants through the carotenoid pathway, a small number of phytopathogenic fungi are also able to produce this sesquiterpene but they use a distinct pathway that starts with the cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) into 2Z,4E‐α‐ionylideneethane which is then subjected to several oxidation steps. To identify the sesquiterpene cyclase (STC) responsible for the biosynthesis of ABA in fungi, we conducted a genomic approach in Botrytis cinerea. The genome of the ABA‐overproducing strain ATCC58025 was fully sequenced and five STC‐coding genes were identified. Among them, Bcstc5 exhibits an expression profile concomitant with ABA production. Gene inactivation, complementation and chemical analysis demonstrated that BcStc5/BcAba5 is the key enzyme responsible for the key step of ABA biosynthesis in fungi. Unlike what is observed for most of the fungal secondary metabolism genes, the key enzyme‐coding gene Bcstc5/Bcaba5 is not clustered with the other biosynthetic genes, i.e., Bcaba1 to Bcaba4 that are responsible for the oxidative transformation of 2Z,4E‐α‐ionylideneethane. Finally, our study revealed that the presence of the Bcaba genes among Botrytis species is rare and that the majority of them do not possess the ability to produce ABA.
Shifting metabolic priorities among key protistan taxa within and below the euphotic zone
Authors: Hu Sarah K. , Liu Zhenfeng , Alexander Harriet , Campbell Victoria , Connell Paige E. , Dyhrman Sonya T. , Heidelberg Karla B. , Caron David A. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryA metatranscriptome study targeting the protistan community was conducted off the coast of Southern California, at the San Pedro Ocean Time‐series station at the surface, 150 m (oxycline), and 890 m to link putative metabolic patterns to distinct protistan lineages. Comparison of relative transcript abundances revealed depth‐related shifts in the nutritional modes of key taxonomic groups. Eukaryotic gene expression in the sunlit surface environment was dominated by phototrophs, such as diatoms and chlorophytes, and high abundances of transcripts associated with synthesis pathways (e.g., photosynthesis, carbon fixation, fatty acid synthesis). Sub‐euphotic depths (150 and 890 m) exhibited strong contributions from dinoflagellates and ciliates, and were characterized by transcripts relating to digestion or intracellular nutrient recycling (e.g., breakdown of fatty acids and V‐type ATPases). These transcriptional patterns underlie the distinct nutritional modes of ecologically important protistan lineages that drive marine food webs, and provide a framework to investigate trophic dynamics across diverse protistan communities.
The distribution of active iron‐cycling bacteria in marine and freshwater sediments is decoupled from geochemical gradients
Authors: Otte Julia M. , Harter Johannes , Laufer Katja , Blackwell Nia , Straub Daniel , Kappler Andreas , Kleindienst Sara 
Published: April 2018

SummaryMicroaerophilic, phototrophic and nitrate‐reducing Fe(II)‐oxidizers co‐exist in coastal marine and littoral freshwater sediments. However, the in situ abundance, distribution and diversity of metabolically active Fe(II)‐oxidizers remained largely unexplored. Here, we characterized the microbial community composition at the oxic‐anoxic interface of littoral freshwater (Lake Constance, Germany) and coastal marine sediments (Kalø Vig and Norsminde Fjord, Denmark) using DNA‐/RNA‐based next‐generation 16S rRNA (gene) amplicon sequencing. All three physiological groups of neutrophilic Fe(II)‐oxidizing bacteria were found to be active in marine and freshwater sediments, revealing up to 0.2% anoxygenic photoferrotrophs (e.g., Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodobacter, Chlorobium), 0.1% microaerophilic Fe(II)‐oxidizers (e.g., Mariprofundus, Hyphomonas, Gallionella) and 0.3% nitrate‐reducing Fe(II)‐oxidizers (e.g., Thiobacillus, Pseudomonas, Denitromonas, Hoeflea). Active Fe(III)‐reducing bacteria (e.g., Shewanella, Geobacter) were most abundant (up to 2.8%) in marine sediments and co‐occurred with cable bacteria (up to 4.5%). Geochemical profiles of Fe(III), Fe(II), O2, light, nitrate and total organic carbon revealed a redox stratification of the sediments and explained 75%–85% of the vertical distribution of microbial taxa, while active Fe‐cycling bacteria were found to be decoupled from geochemical gradients. We suggest that metabolic flexibility, microniches in the sediments, or interrelationships with cable bacteria might explain the distribution patterns of active Fe‐cycling bacteria.
The path of electron transfer to nitrogenase in a phototrophic alpha‐proteobacterium
Authors: Fixen Kathryn R. , Pal Chowdhury Nilanjan , Martinez‐Perez Marta , Poudel Saroj , Boyd Eric S. , Harwood Caroline S. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe phototrophic alpha‐proteobacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, is a model for studies of regulatory and physiological parameters that control the activity of nitrogenase. This enzyme produces the energy‐rich compound H2, in addition to converting N2 gas to NH3. Nitrogenase is an ATP‐requiring enzyme that uses large amounts of reducing power, but the electron transfer pathway to nitrogenase in R. palustris was incompletely known. Here, we show that the ferredoxin, Fer1, is the primary but not sole electron carrier protein encoded by R. palustris that serves as an electron donor to nitrogenase. A flavodoxin, FldA, is also an important electron donor, especially under iron limitation. We present a model where the electron bifurcating complex, FixABCX, can reduce both ferredoxin and flavodoxin to transfer electrons to nitrogenase, and we present bioinformatic evidence that FixABCX and Fer1 form a conserved electron transfer pathway to nitrogenase in nitrogen‐fixing proteobacteria. These results may be useful in the design of strategies to reroute electrons generated during metabolism of organic compounds to nitrogenase to achieve maximal activity.
Influence of the Hfq and Crc global regulators on the control of iron homeostasis in Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Sánchez‐Hevia Dione L. , Yuste Luis , Moreno Renata , Rojo Fernando 
Published: April 2018

SummaryMetabolically versatile bacteria use catabolite repression control to select their preferred carbon sources, thus optimizing carbon metabolism. In pseudomonads, this occurs through the combined action of the proteins Hfq and Crc, which form stable tripartite complexes at target mRNAs, inhibiting their translation. The activity of Hfq/Crc is antagonised by small RNAs of the CrcZ family, the amounts of which vary according to carbon availability. The present work examines the role of Pseudomonas putida Hfq protein under conditions of low‐level catabolite repression, in which Crc protein would have a minor role since it is sequestered by CrcZ/CrcY. The results suggest that, under these conditions, Hfq remains operative and plays an important role in iron homeostasis. In this scenario, Crc appears to participate indirectly by helping CrcZ/CrcY to control the amount of free Hfq in the cell. Iron homeostasis in pseudomonads relies on regulatory elements such as the Fur protein, the PrrF1‐F2 sRNAs, and several extracytoplasmic sigma factors. Our results show that the absence of Hfq is paralleled by a reduction in PrrF1‐F2 small RNAs. Hfq thus provides a regulatory link between iron and carbon metabolism, coordinating the iron supply to meet the needs of the enzymes operational under particular nutritional regimes.
Harmless, friendly and lethal: antibiotic misuse in relation to the unpredictable bacterium Group A streptococcus
Authors: Gröndal Hedvig 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEvidence‐based treatment guidelines for managing infections in health care are promoted as tools to prevent unnecessary use of antibiotics. Antibiotic misuse has been examined as regards the doctor‐patient relation and the social context of medical practice. Less attention has been paid to how the very conceptualisation of human‐microbial relations may influence understandings of antibiotic misuse. The article examines a medical controversy concerning guidelines for managing throat infection and antibiotic treatment in Sweden. It demonstrates how this controversy unfolds around two different ways of relating to a specific bacterium – Group A Streptococcus. The analysis shows how two ‘microbiopolitics’, involving different understandings of human‐microbial relations, are created in the controversy and how different antibiotic prescribing practices are justified. By focusing on Group A Streptococcus, which is commonly observed, but also unpredictable and potentially dangerous, the article provides new insights into the relations between bacteria, humans and policy in an age of antimicrobial resistance. It argues, in particular, that the definition of antibiotic misuse is unstable and consequently that policy measures aimed at reducing misuse must be related to how specific infections and bacteria are conceptualised in the actual context the policy addresses.
Human herpesvirus 8 infection DNA positivity is associated with low insulin secretion: A case‐control study in a sub‐Saharan African population with diabetes
Authors: Lontchi‐Yimagou Eric , Legoff Jérôme , Nguewa Jean‐Louis , Boudou Philippe , Balti Eric V. , Noubiap Jean J. , Kamwa Vicky , Atogho‐Tiedeu Barbara , Azabji‐Kenfack Marcel , Djahmeni Eric N. , Etoa Martine , Lemdjo Gaelle , Balla Vanessa , Dehayem Mesmin Y. , Foufelle Fabienne , Mbanya Jean‐Claude , Gautier Jean‐Francois , Sobngwi Eugene 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundViruses have been considered potential triggers for the development of diabetes. This study assessed insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)‐infected and uninfected sub‐Saharan African people with diabetes.MethodsIn all, 173 people with non‐autoimmune diabetes were enrolled consecutively: 124 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 49 with ketosis‐prone diabetes (KPD) admitted in hyperglycemic crisis. Those with KPD were further subdivided into those with new‐onset ketotic‐phase KPD (n = 34) or non‐ketotic phase KPD (n = 15). All participants were screened for HHV8‐specific antibodies and genomic DNA. Blood samples were collected for analysis of fasting glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, and C‐peptide, with insulin resistance and secretion estimated by homeostasis model assessment.ResultsAmong the 173 diabetic participants, 88 (50.9%) were positive for HHV8 antibodies (Ac‐HHV8+), including 15 (8.7%) positive for HHV8 DNA (DNA‐HHV8+). The seroprevalence of HHV8 was similar between T2DM (55.6%) and KPD (61.2%) subjects. Of those with and without ketotic‐phase KPD, 35.3% and 46.7% were Ac‐HHV8+, respectively. Body mass index was significantly in lower DNA‐HHV8+ than DNA‐HHV8– subjects. Low‐density lipoprotein and total cholesterol were significantly higher, but C‐peptide and homeostatic model assessment of β‐cell function (HOMA‐β) were significantly lower in DNA‐HHV8+ than DNA‐HHV8– participants. After excluding DNA‐HHV8+ participants, triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in Ac‐HHV8+ (n = 73) than Ac‐HHV8– (n = 85) subjects. In contrast, HOMA‐β was significantly higher among Ac‐HHV8+ than Ac‐HHV8– participants.ConclusionsIn the present study, HHV8 DNA positivity was associated with low insulin secretion in this sub‐Saharan African diabetes population.
Evolving concepts in classification of systemic vasculitis: where are we and what is the way forward?
Authors: Watts Richard A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe classification of the systemic vasculitides has been controversial for several decades. The Chapel Hill consensus Conference definitions originally developed in 1994, but revised and extended in 2012 are now widely accepted. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria were first published in 1990, are now generally accepted to be out of date and new criteria are needed. More recently the classical division of the ANCA vasculitides using clinical phenotype has come under scrutiny with evidence from epidemiological, genetic and outcome studies that perhaps these conditions should be classified on the basis of ANCA specificity into PR3‐ANCA positive and MPO‐ANCA positive groups. The traditional distinction between giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis has been questioned and some recent studies of GCA have included patients with only extra‐cranial disease. The Diagnostic and Classification Criteria of Vasculitis study (DCVAS) will provide new validated classification criteria for the systemic vasculitides.
Oxygen supplementation for critically ill patients—A protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Barbateskovic M. , Schjørring O. L. , Jakobsen J. C. , Meyhoff C. S. , Rasmussen B. S. , Perner A. , Wetterslev J. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundIn critically ill patients, hypoxaemia is a common clinical manifestation of inadequate gas exchange in the lungs. Supplemental oxygen is therefore given to all critically ill patients. This can result in hyperoxaemia, and some observational studies have identified harms with hyperoxia. The objective of this systematic review is to critically assess the evidence of randomised clinical trials on the effects of higher versus lower inspiratory oxygen fractions or targets of arterial oxygenation in critically ill adult patients.MethodsWe will search for randomised clinical trials in major international databases. Two authors will independently screen and select references for inclusion using Covidence, extract data and assess the methodological quality of the included randomised clinical trials using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Any disagreement will be resolved by consensus. We will analyse the extracted data using Review Manager and Trial Sequential Analysis. To assess the quality of the evidence, we will create a ‘Summary of Findings’ table containing our primary and secondary outcomes using the GRADE assessment.DiscussionSupplemental oxygen administration is widely recommended in international guidelines despite lack of robust evidence of its effectiveness. To our knowledge, no systematic review of randomised clinical trials has investigated the effects of oxygen supplementation in critically ill patients. This systematic review will provide reliable evidence to better inform future trialists and decision‐makers on clinical practice on supplemental oxygen administration in critically ill patients.
Standardised assessment of competence in Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma
Authors: Russell L. , Østergaard M. L. , Nielsen M. B. , Konge L. , Nielsen K. R. 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe aim of this study was to develop and gather validity evidence for a standardised test of competence in Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) and to define the appropriate cut‐off point in simulation‐based learning of the FAST protocol.MethodsA 20‐item simulation‐based test for assessing competence in FAST was created. The test was administered to thirteen novices and twelve radiologists experienced in abdominal ultrasound diagnostics. The Contrasting Groups’ method was used to establish a credible passing score.ResultsThe internal consistency was high (Cronbach's α = 0.90) and the test had good discriminatory ability (P < .001). The mean score was 16.9 (95% CI: 15.5‐18.3) in the experienced group and 8.0 (95% CI: 5.8‐10.2) in the novice group, corresponding to 85% and 40% of the total score, respectively. A pass/fail standard of 14 points was established using the Contrasting Groups’ method.ConclusionsThe FAST simulation‐based test provided valid assessment of competence in FAST. The FAST test could be used to guide training and ensure basic competence of physicians using FAST.
Automated Pulmonary Embolism Risk Classification and Guideline Adherence for Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography Ordering
Authors: Koziatek Christian A. , Simon Emma , Horwitz Leora I. , Makarov Danil V. , Smith Silas W. , Jones Simon , Gyftopoulos Soterios , Swartz Jordan L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe assessment of clinical guideline adherence for the evaluation of pulmonary embolism (PE) via computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) currently requires either labor‐intensive, retrospective chart review or prospective collection of PE risk scores at the time of CTPA order. The recording of clinical data in a structured manner in the electronic health record (EHR) may make it possible to automate the calculation of a patient's PE risk classification and determine whether the CTPA order was guideline concordant.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to measure the performance of automated, structured data–only versions of the Wells and revised Geneva risk scores in emergency department (ED) encounters during which a CTPA was ordered. The hypothesis was that such an automated method would classify a patient's PE risk with high accuracy compared to manual chart review.MethodsWe developed automated, structured data–only versions of the Wells and revised Geneva risk scores to classify 212 ED encounters during which a CTPA was performed as “PE likely” or “PE unlikely.” We then combined these classifications with D‐dimer ordering data to assess each encounter as guideline concordant or discordant. The accuracy of these automated classifications and assessments of guideline concordance were determined by comparing them to classifications and concordance based on the complete Wells and revised Geneva scores derived via abstractor manual chart review.ResultsThe automatically derived Wells and revised Geneva risk classifications were 91.5 and 92% accurate compared to the manually determined classifications, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between guideline adherence calculated by the automated scores compared to manual chart review (Wells, 70.8% vs. 75%, p = 0.33; revised Geneva, 65.6% vs. 66%, p = 0.92).ConclusionThe Wells and revised Geneva score risk classifications can be approximated with high accuracy using automated extraction of structured EHR data elements in patients who received a CTPA. Combining these automated scores with D‐dimer ordering data allows for the automated assessment of clinical guideline adherence for CTPA ordering in the ED, without the burden of manual chart review.
Electroconvulsive therapy increases brain volume in major depression: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gbyl K. , Videbech P. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveThe main purpose of this review was to synthesise evidence on ECT's effects on brain's structure.MethodA systematic literature review of longitudinal studies of depressed patients treated with ECT using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and meta‐analysis of ECT's effect on hippocampal volume.ResultsThirty‐two studies with 467 patients and 285 controls were included. The MRI studies did not find any evidence of ECT‐related brain damage. All but one of the newer MRI volumetric studies found ECT‐induced volume increases in certain brain areas, most consistently in hippocampus. Meta‐analysis of effect of ECT on hippocampal volume yielded pooled effect size: g = 0.39 (95% CI = 0.18–0.61) for the right hippocampus and g = 0.31 (95% CI = 0.09–0.53) for the left. The DTI studies point to an ECT‐induced increase in the integrity of white matter pathways in the frontal and temporal lobes. The results of correlations between volume increases and treatment efficacy were inconsistent.ConclusionThe MRI studies do not support the hypothesis that ECT causes brain damage; on the contrary, the treatment induces volume increases in fronto‐limbic areas. Further studies should explore the relationship between these increases and treatment effect and cognitive side effects.