bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epilepsy in second‐generation immigrants: a cohort study of all children up to 18 years of age in Sweden
Authors: Wändell P. , Fredrikson S. , Carlsson A. C. , Li X. , Gasevic D. , Sundquist J. , Sundquist K. 
Published: July 2019

Background and purposeOur purpose was to study the association between country of birth and incident epilepsy in second‐generation immigrants in Sweden.MethodsThe study population included all children (n = 4 023 149) aged up to 18 years in Sweden. Epilepsy was defined as at least one registered diagnosis of epilepsy in the National Patient Register. The incidence of epilepsy, using individuals with Swedish‐born parents as referents, was assessed by Cox regression, expressed in hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). All models were stratified by sex and adjusted for age, geographical residence in Sweden, educational level, marital status, neighbourhood socioeconomic status and comorbid conditions, also using data from the Total Population Register.ResultsA total of 26 310 individuals had a registered epilepsy event, i.e. 6.5/1000 (6.6/1000 amongst boys and 6.3/1000 amongst girls). After adjustment, the risk of epilepsy was lower than in children of Swedish‐born parents. Amongst girls the significant HR was 0.85 (95% CI 0.81–0.88), but in boys only when adjusting also for comorbidity (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–0.99). Amongst specific immigrant groups, a higher incidence of epilepsy was observed amongst boys with parents from Turkey and Africa, but not when adjusting for comorbidity, and a lower risk was observed in many other groups (boys with parents from Latvia, girls with parents from Finland, Iceland, Southern Europe, countries from the former Yugoslavia, and Asia).ConclusionThe risk of epilepsy was lower in second‐generation immigrant children compared to children with Swedish‐born parents, but with substantial differences between different immigrant groups.
Nuclear transcriptional changes in hypothalamus of Pomc enhancer knockout mice after excessive alcohol drinking
Authors: Zhou Yan , Liang Yupu , Low Malcolm J. , Kreek Mary J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPersistent alterations of proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) and mu‐opioid receptor (Oprm1) activity and stress responses after alcohol are critically involved in vulnerability to alcohol dependency. Gene transcriptional regulation altered by alcohol may play important roles. Mice with genome‐wide deletion of neuronal Pomc enhancer1 (nPE1−/−), had hypothalamic‐specific partial reductions of beta‐endorphin and displayed lower alcohol consumption, compared to wildtype littermates (nPE1+/+). We used RNA‐Seq to measure steady‐state nuclear mRNA transcripts of opioid and stress genes in hypothalamus of nPE1+/+ and nPE1−/− mice after 1‐day acute withdrawal from chronic excessive alcohol drinking or after water. nPE1−/− had lower basal Pomc and Pdyn (prodynorphin) levels compared to nPE1+/+, coupled with increased basal Oprm1 and Oprk1 (kappa‐opioid receptor) levels, and low alcohol drinking increased Pomc and Pdyn to the basal levels of nPE1+/+ in the water group, without significant effects on Oprm1 and Oprk1. In nPE1+/+, excessive alcohol intake increased Pomc and Oprm1, with no effect on Pdyn or Oprk1. For stress genes, nPE1−/− had lowered basal Oxt (oxytocin) and Avp (arginine vasopressin) that were restored by low alcohol intake to basal levels of nPE1+/+. In nPE1+/+, excessive alcohol intake decreased Oxt and Avpi1 (AVP‐induced protein1). Functionally examining the effect of pharmacological blockade of mu‐opioid receptor, we found that naltrexone reduced excessive alcohol intake in nPE1+/+, but not nPE1−/−. Our results provide evidence relevant to the transcriptional profiling of the critical genes in mouse hypothalamus: enhanced opioid and reduced stress gene transcripts after acute withdrawal from excessive alcohol may contribute to altered reward and stress responses.
Dual therapy with renally adjusted lamivudine and dolutegravir: a switch strategy to manage comorbidity and toxicity in older, suppressed patients?
Authors: Tan M , Johnston S , Nicholls J , Gompels M 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of dual therapy with lamivudine (3TC), with dose adjustment for renal function, and dolutegravir (DTG) in a subgroup of patients fully suppressed on treatment who were switched because of concerns about comorbidity and toxicity on their current triple drug regimen.MethodsA retrospective evaluation of clinical and pathological parameters from an electronic patient record from a single centre was carried out.ResultsThere were no virological failures in 52 patients with a median age of 60.5 years. The median duration of follow‐on dual therapy was 2.29 years (28 months; range 1.10–3.34 years). In 25 of 52 (48%) cases, the dose of 3TC was adjusted taking into account reduced renal function, and none of these patients experienced virological failure. Four additional patients discontinued early, because of side effects of the switch, with no failure.ConclusionsThis retrospective review suggests that 3TC and DTG may be effective in controlling viral load in older patients with comorbidities. This regimen appears to be a useful option in the context of comorbidities (including renal impairment) and polypharmacy in older patients. However, this review has been conducted in one centre and in a small population of patients. Therefore, further multicentre trials involving larger populations of patients are needed.
Statistical Intervals, Not Statistical Significance
Authors: Hahn Gerald J. , Doganaksoy Necip , Meeker William Q. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConvincing practitioners of the inadequacy of significance testing can employ a two-step approach. First, explain the difference between statistical significance and practical importance. Then, at least in many situations, use an appropriate statistical interval to quantify the statistical uncertainty. By Gerry Hahn, Necip Doganaksoy and Bill Meeker
LIN28A gene polymorphisms confer Wilms tumour susceptibility: A four‐centre case‐control study
Authors: Zhuo Zhenjian , Fu Wen , Liu Jiabin , Cheng Jiwen , Zhou Haixia , Zhang Jiao , Zhu Jin‐Hong , Xia Huimin , Liu Guochang , He Jing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWilms tumour is a renal malignancy that commonly occurs in children. LIN28A gene overexpression has been reported to be involved in various human malignancies, while its roles in Wilms tumour risk are still under investigation. Here, we genotyped four LIN28A polymorphisms in 355 Wilms tumour patients and 1070 healthy controls from four hospitals in China. The genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) include the following: rs3811464 G>A, rs3811463 T>C, rs34787247 G>A and rs11247957 G>A. Overall, we found that rs3811463 T>C and rs34787247 G>A were associated with increased risk of Wilms tumour. Combination analysis of risk genotypes showed that, compared to non‐carriers, subjects with 1 risk genotype and 1‐3 risk genotypes were more likely to develop Wilms tumour, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.58 and 1.56, respectively. Stratified analysis further demonstrated that the risk effect remained prominent in some subgroups. We also found that presence of 1‐3 risk genotypes was associated with Wilms tumour risk in subgroups > 18 months of age, females, males and those with clinical stage I + II diseases. Furthermore, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis indicated that rs3811463 C allele was significantly associated with increased transcripts of LIN28A gene. These findings suggest that LIN28A gene polymorphisms may be associated with increased predisposition to Wilms tumour.
Length conversions and mass–length relationships of five forage‐fish species in the California current ecosystem
Authors: Palance Danial G. , Macewicz Beverly J. , Stierhoff Kevin , Demer David A. , Zwolinski Juan P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLength‐measurement conversions and seasonal mass–length relationships (MLR) for Pacific herring Clupea pallasii, northern anchovy Engraulis mordax, Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax, Pacific mackerel Scomber japonicus and jack mackerel Trachurus symmetricus in the California Current are presented. The conversions between total (LT), fork (LF,) and standard lengths (LS) should facilitate comparisons of data across disciplines and institutions. These equations resulted from an analysis of measurements spanning 14 years and the western seaboard of North America, from the north end of Vancouver Island to the USA–Mexico border. Major‐axis regressions were used to calculate reciprocal length‐measurement conversions (e.g., LT to LS and LS to LT) and generalised linear models and ordinary least‐squares models were used to create MLRs that account for seasonal variations. The MLR models indicated seasonal differences for all species except C. pallasii, for which there was no multi‐season data. Discrepancies between these and published models were examined, along with the suitability and benefit of the various types of models used for length‐measurement conversion and MLRs.
Similar ecology, different morphology: Three new species of oral‐mollusc shellers from Lake Edward
Authors: Vranken Nathan , Van Steenberge Maarten , Snoeks Jos 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLake Edward, East Africa, harbours a largely understudied assemblage of haplochromine cichlids that displays a range of adaptions to various specialised trophic niches. In this system, we discovered specimens of Haplochromis with morphologies similar to those of oral‐mollusc shellers from Lake Victoria. These morphologies are characterised by short oral jaws with stout teeth that are used either to crush molluscs or to grab the soft bodies of snails and wrench them out of their shells. A morphometric study on 47 specimens from Lake Edward revealed the presence of three new species with an oral‐shelling morphology: Haplochromis concilians sp. nov., H. erutus sp. nov. and H. planus sp. nov. All three species are formally described. Stomach‐content observations confirmed an opportunistic oral‐shelling ecology for H. concilians sp. nov. and H. erutus sp. nov. Within H. planus sp. nov., only large specimens displayed a specialised oral‐shelling morphology, but their stomachs were nearly empty, while small specimens consumed mainly Ostracoda and Hydrachnidia. Remarkably, the three species differed considerably in morphology from each other, but they each resembled oral‐sheller species from Lake Victoria.
Discontinuity in the molecular neuroendocrine response to increasing daylengths in Ile‐de‐France ewes: Is transient Dio2 induction a key feature of circannual timing?
Authors: Dardente Hugues , Lomet Didier , Chesneau Didier , Pellicer‐Rubio Maria‐Teresa , Hazlerigg David 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn mammals, melatonin is responsible for the synchronisation of seasonal cycles to the solar year. Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland with a profile reflecting the duration of the night and acts via the pituitary pars tuberalis (PT), which in turn modulates hypothalamic thyroid hormone status via seasonal changes in the production of locally‐acting thyrotrophin. Recently, we demonstrated that, in the Soay sheep, photoperiodic induction of Tshb expression and consequent downstream hypothalamic changes occur over a narrow range of photoperiods between 12 and 14 hours in duration. In the present study, we aimed to extend our molecular characterisation of this pathway, based on transcriptomic analysis of photoperiodic changes in the pituitary and hypothalamus of ovariectomised, oestradiol‐implanted Ile‐de‐France ewes. We demonstrate that photoperiodic treatments applied before the winter solstice elicit two distinctive modes of accelerated reproductive switch off compared to ewes held on a simulated natural photoperiod, with shut‐down occurring markedly faster on photoperiods of 13 hours or more than on photoperiods of 12 hours and less. This pattern of response was reflected in gene expression profiles of photoperiodically sensitive markers, both in the PT (Tshb, Fam150b, Vmo1, Ezh2 and Suv39H2) and in tanycytes (Tmem252 and Dct). Unexpectedly, the expression of Dio2 in tanycytes did not show any noticeable increase in expression with lengthening photoperiods. Finally, the expression of Kiss1, the key activator of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone release, was proportionately decreased by lengthening photoperiods, in a pattern that correlated strongly with gonadotrophin suppression. These data show that stepwise increases in photoperiod lead to graded molecular responses at the level of the PT, a progressive suppression of Kiss1 in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and luteinising hormone/follicle‐stimulating hormone release by the pituitary, despite apparently unchanged Dio2 expression in tanycytes. We hypothesise that this apparent discontinuity in the seasonal neuroendocrine response illustrates the transient nature of the thyroid hormone‐mediated response to long days in the control of circannual timing.
Contact with Parents and Parents‐in‐Law, Gender, and Marital Satisfaction in Korea
Authors: Choi Heejeong , Nam Boram , Kim Seongeun , Park Chulwoong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveGuided by modernization theory and an intergenerational solidarity perspective, this study evaluated the differences in patterns of contact with non‐coresident parents and parents‐in‐law in Korea at two time points 10 years apart and explored how these contact patterns were associated with gender and marital satisfaction.BackgroundFamily relationships traditionally governed by Confucian patrilineal norms have been evolving into more egalitarian and bilateral patterns in contemporary Korea.MethodData from the 2006 and 2016 Korean General Social Survey were examined. Analytic samples consisted of married respondents with at least one parent and one parent‐in‐law alive and no parent or parent‐in‐law coresiding with the respondents (2006, N = 493; 2016, N = 195). Chi‐square tests and ordinary least squares regression models evaluated associations.ResultsThe findings overall revealed increased movement toward more egalitarian and bilateral intergenerational kin relationships over time, particularly among women. Equal face‐to‐face and phone contact with both sets of parents in 2006 and 2016 as well as more contact with in‐laws in 2006 were linked to better marital satisfaction. More phone contact with in‐laws, compared with equal contact, was associated with lower marital satisfaction among men in 2006, but not in 2016.ConclusionThe most happily married men and women in Korea might be those who find a way to adapt to changing kinship norms by simultaneously equally meeting their parents' and parents‐in‐law's needs for solidarity.
School inclusion and attitudes toward people with an intellectual disability
Authors: Thomas Rhian , Rose John 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPeople with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are often subject to prejudice and negative attitudes within mainstream society. Personal contact has been found to be one of the most important factors in improving negative attitudes. Governmental policy changes in the UK in the 1990s facilitated the inclusion of children with IDs into mainstream education. The current study aimed to investigate whether the contact that students had with peers with IDs, through the inclusion of students with IDs in mainstream schools, is related to attitudes toward people with IDs. Two hundred and fortyseven undergraduate students completed an online questionnaire which measured attitudes toward people with IDs, and both the quality and quantity of contact with people with IDs in varying contexts. Correlational and regression analyses show that more contact at school is significantly associated with positive attitudes toward people with IDs, when controlling for contact in other contexts. Findings suggest that those who had a more, or higher, quality of contact were significantly more likely to have more positive attitudes in adulthood. These findings suggest that inclusion policies may help to encourage more positive attitudes toward people with IDs in the long term. Further research is necessary to replicate these findings, and to further these findings by investigating the specific experiences at school that may encourage more positive attitudes.
The impact of environmental regulations on forest product trade in China
Authors: Zhang Yijing , Luo Wen , Duan Xinyun , Gao Lan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractForest product trade plays an important role in the development of the Chinese forest industry. The trading value of forest product has shown a yearly growth rate of 12% during the last five recent years. Stringent environmental regulations in China have a profound impact on raw material supplies and industrial production in the forest sector; however, their impact on the forest product trade is still unclear. This study applies fixed and random effects models as well as a seemingly unrelated regression model to investigate the impact of environmental regulations on the trade of forest product from 2002 to 2015. The results indicate that the stringent environmental regulations promoted the import but restricted the export of forest product in general. Specifically, the stringent environmental regulations stimulated the import but had an ambiguous impact on the export of the paper product. The stringent environmental regulations had also stimulated the import of wood product but inhibited the export. In contrast, wooden furniture had been affected minimally; only export got slightly negatively affected by environmental regulations.Recommendations for resource managers:

Trade‐offs between economic growth and environmental regulations are needed to smoothly promote the forest product trade in China.
Paper and wooden furniture product sectors are less likely to be affected by stringent environmental regulations, because high value‐added products could compensate for environmental costs.
The wood product sector is more likely to be negatively affected by stringent environmental regulations because environmental costs could severely impact the competitiveness of low value‐added products.
Somatic mutation in the two HLA‐B genes of a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Balas Antonio , Planelles Dolores , Goterris Rosa , Rodríguez‐Cebriá Manuel , Vicario José L. 
Published: July 2019

In this report, we describe a case of somatic mutations in the two HLA‐B genes in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. The HLA‐B*15:01 allele showed an insertion of two nucleotides within exon 2 leading to a premature stop codon. HLA‐B*40:01 showed one nucleotide substitution within exon 3, identical to that described for B*15:258N. The restriction of these mutations in leukemic cells was confirmed in patient's samples from buccal epithelial cells and hematopoietic cells obtained when the patient was in remission.The clinical significance of somatic HLA mutations in cancer seems to be associated with escape from immune surveillance and clonal evolution. The analysis of possible mutations in HLA genes of tumor cells would be valuable information for the outcome of the disease and stem cell donor selection.
Exploring statistical inference for population means through rubber chickens
Authors: Heyman Megan 
Published: July 2019

SummaryObtaining relevant data and conveying limitations of the results are two integral components to a successful statistical analysis. It is difficult for students to internalize a deep understanding of these components using only curated, textbook‐style examples. Through hands‐on data collection, this activity provides a channel for students to experience all steps, from start to finish, of a data analysis for means with paired data. Students are able to experience the challenges associated with good data collection practices and relate these practices to the underlying methodological assumptions.
Multivariate relationships between epidemiologic risk factors and zoonotic infections among military personnel in the country of Georgia: A non‐linear canonical correlation analysis
Authors: Akhvlediani Tamar , Chitadze Nazibrola , Chlikadze Rusudan , Rostiashvili Nino , Betashvili Medea , Imnadze Paata , Rivard Robert G. , Nikolich Mikeljon P. , Washington Michael A. , Bautista Christian T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractZoonotic diseases are endemic in the country of Georgia. Using the non‐linear canonical correlation (NCC) method, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between thirteen epidemiological risk factors and seropositivity to five zoonotic infections (anthrax, Q fever, tularemia, leptospirosis, and Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever [CCHF]) among Georgian military recruits during 2014–2016. According to this multivariate statistical technique, which is suitable for the analysis of two or more sets of qualitative variables simultaneously, two canonical variables were identified. These variables accounted for 68% of the variation between the two sets of categorical variables (“risk factors” and “zoonotic infections”). For the first canonical variable, there was a relationship among CCHF (canonical loading, which is interpreted in the same way as the Pearson's correlation coefficient, [cl] = 0.715), tick bites (cl = 0.418) and slaughter of animals (cl = 0.351). As for the second canonical variable, Q fever (cl = −0.604) and leptospirosis (cl = −0.486) were related to rodents inside and outside home (cl = −0.346) and sweeping in or around home (cl = −0.317). The NCC method allows researchers to obtain additional insights into the complex relationship between epidemiological risk factors and multiple zoonotic infections.
Exploring the Effects of Additive Manufacturing Education on Students' Engineering Design Process and its Outcomes
Authors: Prabhu Rohan , Miller Scarlett R. , Simpson Timothy W. , Meisel Nicholas A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResearch in additive manufacturing (AM) has increased the use of AM in many industries, resulting in a commensurate need for a workforce skilled in AM. In order to meet this need, educational institutions have undertaken different initiatives to integrate design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) into the engineering curriculum. However, limited research has explored the impact of these educational interventions in bringing about changes in the technical goodness of students' design outcomes, particularly through the integration of DfAM concepts in an engineering classroom environment. This study explores this gap using an experimental study with 193 participants recruited from a junior-level course on mechanical engineering design. The participants were split into three educational intervention groups: (1) no DfAM, (2) restrictive DfAM, and (3) restrictive and opportunistic (dual) DfAM. The effects of the educational intervention on the participants' use of DfAM were measured through changes in (1) participants' DfAM self-efficacy, (2) technical goodness of their AM design outcomes, and (3) participants' use of DfAM-related concepts when describing and evaluating their AM designs. The results showed that while all three educational interventions result in similar changes in the participants' opportunistic DfAM self-efficacy, participants who receive only restrictive DfAM inputs show the greatest increase in their restrictive DfAM self-efficacy. Further, we see that despite these differences, all three groups show a similar decrease in the technical goodness of their AM designs, after attending the lectures. A content analysis of the participants' design descriptions and evaluations revealed a simplification of their design geometries, which provides a possible explanation for the decrease in their technical goodness, despite the encouragement to utilize the design freedom of AM to improve functionality or optimize the weight of the structure. These results emphasize the need for more in-depth DfAM education to encourage the use of both opportunistic and restrictive DfAM during student design challenges. The results also highlight the possible influence of how the design problem is stated on the use of DfAM in solving it.