bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reintroduction of freshwater macroinvertebrates: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Jourdan Jonas , Plath Martin , Tonkin Jonathan D. , Ceylan Maria , Dumeier Arlena C. , Gellert Georg , Graf Wolfram , Hawkins Charles P. , Kiel Ellen , Lorenz Armin W. , Matthaei Christoph D. , Verdonschot Piet F. M. , Verdonschot Ralf C. M. , Haase Peter 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTSpecies reintroductions – the translocation of individuals to areas in which a species has been extirpated with the aim of re‐establishing a self‐sustaining population – have become a widespread practice in conservation biology. Reintroduction projects have tended to focus on terrestrial vertebrates and, to a lesser extent, fishes. Much less effort has been devoted to the reintroduction of invertebrates into restored freshwater habitats. Yet, reintroductions may improve restoration outcomes in regions where impoverished regional species pools limit the self‐recolonisation of restored freshwaters. We review the available literature on macroinvertebrate reintroductions, focusing on identifying the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that determine their success or failure. Our study reveals that freshwater macroinvertebrate reintroductions remain rare, are often published in the grey literature and, of the attempts made, approximately one‐third fail. We identify life‐cycle complexity and remaining stressors as the two factors most likely to affect reintroduction success, illustrating the unique challenges of freshwater macroinvertebrate reintroductions. Consideration of these factors by managers during the planning process and proper documentation – even if a project fails – may increase the likelihood of successful outcomes in future reintroduction attempts of freshwater macroinvertebrates.
Medical care experiences of children with autism and their parents: A scoping review
Authors: Wilson Shelby A. , Peterson Catherine C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families may benefit from the provision of additional supports in health care settings, particularly when preparing for and attending medical appointments. This review examined literature that describes experiences in medical care settings from the perspective of patients under age 18 with ASD and their caregivers. A scoping review was conducted to examine the experiences of children with ASD and their families in medical care settings. Twenty‐nine studies meeting inclusion criteria were identified and reviewed. The review indicated a number of challenges (e.g., parent‐reported problems in parent‐provider communication and overwhelming environments) as well as factors that facilitate positive experiences (e.g., providing positive reinforcement and explaining exam steps) during medical appointments. Children with ASD and their families are faced with many challenges while receiving care in medical settings. The present review identified many challenges families face, as well as facilitators of positive experiences. Understanding the unique experiences of patients with ASD and their parents will help to improve experiences in medical care settings for children, caregivers, and health care providers.
Comparison of the skin sensitization potential of 3 red and 2 black tattoo inks using interleukin‐18 as a biomarker in a reconstructed human skin model
Authors: Bil Wieneke , van der Bent Sebastiaan A. S. , Spiekstra Sander W. , Nazmi Kamran , Rustemeyer Thomas , Gibbs Susan 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundDuring the last decade, the number of people with ≥1 tattoo has increased noticeably within the European population. Despite this, limited safety information is available for tattoo inks.ObjectivesTo test the skin sensitization potential of 5 tattoo inks in vitro by using reconstructed human skin (RHS) and the contact sensitization biomarker interleukin (IL)‐18.MethodsTwo red and 3 black tattoo inks, 1 additive (Hamamelis virginiana extract) and 1 irritant control (lactic acid) were tested. The culture medium of RHS (reconstructed epidermis on a fibroblast‐populated collagen hydrogel) was supplemented with test substances in a dose‐dependent manner for 24 hours, after which cytotoxicity (histology; thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay) and skin sensitization potential (IL‐18 secretion; enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay) were assessed.ResultsAll but 1 ink showed cytotoxicity. Notably, 1 red ink and 1 black ink were able to cause an inflammatory response, indicated by substantial release of IL‐18, suggesting that these inks may be contact sensitizers.ConclusionsThe in vitro RHS model showed that 4 tattoo inks were cytotoxic and 2 were able to cause an inflammatory IL‐18 response, indicating that an individual may develop allergic contact dermatitis when exposed to these tattoo inks, as they contain contact sensitizers.
Cultural Effects Rather Than a Bilingual Advantage in Cognition: A Review and an Empirical Study
Authors: Samuel Steven , Roehr‐Brackin Karen , Pak Hyensou , Kim Hyunji 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe bilingual advantage hypothesis contends that the management of two languages in the brain is carried out through domain‐general mechanisms, and that bilinguals possess a performance advantage over monolinguals on (nonlinguistic) tasks that tap these processes. Presently, there is evidence both for and against such an advantage. Interestingly, the evidence in favor has been thought strongest in children and older adults, leading some researchers to argue that young adults might be at peak performance levels, and therefore bilingualism is unable to confer an improvement. We conducted a large‐scale review of the extant literature and found that the weight of research pointed to an absence of positive evidence for a bilingual advantage at any age. We next gave a large number of young adult participants a task designed to test the bilingual advantage hypothesis. Reasoning from the literature that young adults from an East Asian (Korean) culture would likely outperform those from a Western (British) culture, we also compared participants on this factor. We found no evidence for a bilingual advantage but did find evidence for enhanced performance in the Korean group. We interpret these results as further evidence against the bilingual advantage hypotheses.
HEARTDROID—Rule engine for mobile and context‐aware expert systems
Authors: Bobek Szymon , Nalepa Grzegorz J. , Ślażyński Mateusz 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBuilding mobile context‐aware systems is inherently complex and non‐trivial task. It consists of several phases starting from acquisition of context, through modeling to execution of contextual models. Today, such systems are mostly implemented on mobile platforms, that introduce specific requirements, such as intelligibility, robustness, privacy, and efficiency. Over the last decade, along with the rapid development of mobile industry, many approaches were developed that unevenly support these requirements. This is mainly caused by the fact that current modelling and reasoning methods are not crafted to operate in mobile environments. We argue that the use of rule‐based reasoning tailored to mobile environments is an optimal solution. Rules are based on symbolic knowledge representation, as such they meet the general tendency to enforce understandability, intelligibility, and controllability of artificial intelligence software, as stated in the recent European Union General Data Protection Regulation. To this goal, we introduce a lightweight rule engine dedicated for Android platform called HEARTDROID. It executes models in the HMR+ rule language that are capable of expressing uncertainty of knowledge, capturing dynamics of mobile environment and provide high level of intelligibility. We present a qualitative and quantitative comparison of HEARTDROID with the most popular rule engines available.
Interregional Migration of Human Capital and Unemployment Dynamics: Evidence from Italian Provinces
Authors: Basile Roberto , Mantuano Marianna , Girardi Alessandro , Russo Giuseppe 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSince the mid-1990s interregional migration flows in Italy have dramatically increased, especially from the South to the North. These flows are characterized by a strong component of human capital, involving a large number of workers with secondary and tertiary education. Using longitudinal data for the period 2002-2011 at NUTS-3 territorial level, we document that long-distance (i.e., South-North) net migration of high-skill workers has increased the unemployment at origin and decreased it at destination, thus deepening North-South unemployment disparities. On the other hand, long-distance net migration of low-skill workers has had the opposite effect, by lowering the unemployment at origin and raising it at destination. Further evidence also suggests that the diverging effect of high-skill migration dominates the converging effect of lowskill migration. Thus, concerns for an ‘internal brain drain’ from Southern regions look not groundless.
Potentially avoidable hospitalizations, non‐potentially avoidable hospitalizations and in‐hospital deaths among residents of long‐term care facilities
Authors: Jeon Boyoung , Tamiya Nanako , Yoshie Satoru , Iijima Katsuya , Ishizaki Tatsuro 
Published: August 2018

AimThe present study aimed to examine the percentage of and risk factors for potentially avoidable hospitalizations (PAH), non‐PAH and in‐hospital deaths among residents of special nursing homes for the elderly (SNH) and geriatric health service facilities (GHSF).MethodsLong‐term care and national health insurance claims data (April 2012 to September 2013) were obtained from a suburban city in Chiba prefecture, Japan. Study participants were aged ≥75 years and resided in either SNH (n = 1138) or GHSF (n = 885). The PAH were defined using 17 medical condition groups, and the percentage of PAH, non‐PAH and in‐hospital deaths was identified, and associated factors were compared using multilevel logistic regression models for SNH and GHSF, respectively.ResultsA total of 34.5% SNH residents experienced any hospitalization, and this was composed of PAH (16.3%), non‐PAH (12.2%) or in‐hospital deaths (6.1%). Of the GHSF residents, 23.8% experienced any hospitalization, and this was comprised of PAH (9.5%), non‐PAH (10.6%) and in‐hospital death (3.7%). More than 70% of the PAH were related to respiratory infections, urinary tract infections or congestive heart failure. In both SNH and GHSF, artificial nutrition was positively associated with PAH and non‐PAHs, and male sex was positively associated with non‐PAHs and in‐hospital deaths. However, there were also discrepancies between SNH and GHSF in terms of risk factors for PAH.ConclusionsThe percentage of PAH was higher in SNH than in GHSF, which might be related to their different personnel and managerial regulations. The linkage of health and long‐term care claims data might facilitate data‐based evidence on policy‐making. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1272–1279.
Creative industries agglomeration and industrial efficiency in China
Authors: Yu Wentao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we seek to explore the agglomeration externalities of creative industries impacting on industrial efficiency, both at the regional level and at the sector level. Firstly, we apply a data envelopment analysis model to compute the efficiency scores of creative industries in China. The result shows that China's industrial efficiency whether in different provinces or different creative sectors is characterized by huge disparities. Secondly, using the data from China's 31 provinces and 50 creative sectors during the period of 2004–2014, we empirically explore whether and how the development of creative industries agglomeration impact on industrial efficiency, where the agglomeration is distinguished between regional specialization, geographical concentration, and industrial concentration. We find that the three types of agglomeration externalities all play important roles in increasing productive efficiency in creative industries. The study also confirms that industrial efficiency is more likely to be increased by attracting much smaller firms concentrating in a given area, while this effect is mixed in a given creative sector.
Unnecessary Neuroimaging for Patients With Primary Headaches
Authors: Wang Rongfei , Liu Ruozhuo , Dong Zhao , Su Hui , Ao Ran , Liu Yinglu , Wang Yan , Ma Lin , Yu Shengyuan 
Published: August 2018

Background – Headache may be due to either a primary or secondary disorder, and neuroimaging assessments can play an important role when differentiating between these types of headache. Although many studies have reported no significant differences between primary headache patients and the general population in terms of abnormal neuroimaging findings, others have shown that neuroimaging may be employed to rule out secondary causes of headache that could impact morbidity and mortality. This issue remains under debate. Thus, the present study compared the neuroimaging findings of headache patients and healthy controls.Methods – This study recruited 1070 healthy controls and 1070 primary headache patients from the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital. The primary headache patients were diagnosed by computerized clinical decision support systems, and re‐diagnosed by a specialist. All participants were assessed with either computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The neuroimaging findings were classified as significant abnormalities, non‐significant abnormalities, or normal.Results – All the significant abnormalities were found using MRI scans. Significant abnormalities were identified in 4 primary headache patients (0.58%) and 5 healthy controls (0.73%); the rate of significant abnormalities was not significant different between both groups (P > .05).Conclusions – The present study found that neuroimaging was unnecessary for the primary headache patients.
Producing World Heritage in the White City Tel Aviv
Authors: Flahive Robert 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper engages with the political and spatial implications of UNESCO World Heritage Site designation. Specifically, the paper explores the relationship between notions of heritage, Modernist Movement World Heritage, and nationalist imaginaries. I argue that the World Heritage regime validates and enables state authorities to exercise new forms of hegemonic domination, namely the exploitation of historical narratives to graft specific forms of national identity onto World Heritage Sites with the concomitant erasure of alternative readings and historical layers of a site. This paper focuses on World Heritage Sites in the modernist aesthetic to show these processes in action. I first decouple notions of “heritage” from World Heritage for greater analytical purchase on the embedded politics of modernist World Heritage Site identification and preservation. I then rely on the case of the “White City” Tel Aviv to tease out the narrative construction, erasure of alternative histories and readings of the space, and most importantly, the exercise of new forms of spatial domination at this modernist World Heritage Site. The paper concludes with three recommendations for a more holistic, equitable, and representative World Heritage regime.
Effects of yttria and magnesia on densification and thermal conductivity of sintered reaction‐bonded silicon nitrides
Authors: Zhou You , Hyuga Hideki , Kusano Dai , Matsunaga Chika , Hirao Kiyoshi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA variety of combinations of Y2O3 and MgO were used as additives in preparing Si3N4 ceramics by the sintering of reaction‐bonded silicon nitride (SRBSN) method. By varying the amount of Y2O3 in the range of 0‐5 mol% and that of MgO in the range of 0‐8 mol%, the effects of Y2O3 and MgO additives on nitridation and sintering behaviors as well as thermal conductivity were studied. It was found that appropriate amount and combination of Y2O3 and MgO additives were essential for attaining full densification and achieving high thermal conductivity. The sample doped with 2.5 mol% of Y2O3 and 5 mol% of MgO attained a thermal conductivity of 128 Wm−1K−1 when sintered at 1900°C for 6 hours, and the sample doped with 2 mol% of Y2O3 and 4 mol% of MgO achieved a thermal conductivity of 156 Wm−1K−1 when sintered for 24 hours.
Maternal infection requiring hospitalization during pregnancy and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring: a quasi‐experimental family‐based study
Authors: Ginsberg Ylva , D'Onofrio Brian M. , Rickert Martin E. , Class Quetzal A. , Rosenqvist Mina A. , Almqvist Catarina , Lichtenstein Paul , Larsson Henrik 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundMaternal infection during pregnancy (IDP) has been associated with increased risk of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. However, infection is associated with social adversity, poor living conditions and other background familial factors. As such, there is a need to rule out whether the observed association between maternal IDP and ADHD might be attributed to such confounding.MethodsThis nationwide population‐based cohort study using a family‐based, quasi‐experimental design included 1,066,956 individuals born in Sweden between 1992 and 2002. Data on maternal IDP (bacterial or viral) requiring hospitalization and ADHD diagnosis in offspring were gathered from Swedish National Registers, with individuals followed up through the end of 2009. Ordinary and stratified Cox regression models were used for estimation of hazard ratios (HRs) and several measured covariates were considered. Cousin‐ and sibling‐comparisons accounted for unmeasured genetic and environmental factors shared by cousins and siblings.ResultsIn the entire population, maternal IDP was associated with ADHD in offspring (HR = 2.31, 95% CI = 2.04–2.61). This association was attenuated when accounting for measured covariates (HR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.65–2.10). The association was further attenuated when adjusting for unmeasured factors shared between cousins (HR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.12–2.07). Finally, the association was fully attenuated in sibling comparisons (HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.76–1.41).ConclusionsThis study suggests that the association between maternal IDP and offspring ADHD is largely due to unmeasured familial confounding. Our results underscore the importance of adjusting for unobserved familial risk factors when exploring risk factors for ADHD.
Investigating the effects of cesarean delivery and antibiotic use in early childhood on risk of later attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Axelsson Paul Bryde , Clausen Tine Dalsgaard , Petersen Anne Helby , Hageman Ida , Pinborg Anja , Kessing Lars Vedel , Bergholt Thomas , Rasmussen Steen Christian , Keiding Niels , Løkkegaard Ellen Christine Leth 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundIncreasing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) incidence has been proposed to be caused by factors influencing microbiota in early life. We investigated the potential causality between ADHD and two surrogate markers for changes in children's microbiota: birth delivery mode and early childhood antibiotic use.MethodThis population‐based, prospective cohort study linked nationwide registers of data for native Danish singleton live births in Denmark from 1997 to 2010. Exposure variables were delivery mode and antibiotic use during the first 2 years of life. The main outcome measure was ADHD diagnosis or redeemed ADHD medication prescriptions. For statistical analysis, we used both advanced sibling models and a more traditional approach.ResultsWe included 671,592 children, followed from their second birthday in the period 1999–2014 for 7,300,522 person‐years. ADHD was diagnosed in 17,971. In total, 17.5% were born by cesarean delivery, and 72% received antibiotic treatment within their first 2 years of life. In the adjusted between‐within sibling survival model, mode of delivery or antibiotics had no effect on ADHD when compared with vaginal delivery or no antibiotic treatment as hazard ratios were 1.09 (95% confidence interval 0.97–1.24) for intrapartum cesarean, 1.03 (0.91–1.16) for prelabor cesarean, 0.98 (0.90–1.07) for penicillin, and 0.99 (0.92–1.06) for broader spectrum antibiotics. In a sibling‐stratified Cox regression, intrapartum cesarean was associated with increased ADHD risk, but other exposures were not. In a descriptive, nonstratified Cox model, we found increased risk for ADHD for all exposures.ConclusionsDetailed family confounder control using the superior between‐within model indicates that cesarean delivery or use of antibiotics during the first 2 years of life does not increase ADHD risk. Therefore, our study suggests that changes in children's microbiota related to cesarean delivery or antibiotic use, do not cause ADHD.
Understanding of antidiabetic medication is associated with blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes: At baseline date of the KAMOGAWA‐DM cohort study
Authors: Sakai Ryosuke , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Ushigome Emi , Okamura Takuro , Hamaguchi Masahide , Yamazaki Masahiro , Oda Yohei , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionMedication adherence, which is decreased by a poor understanding of medications, has a close association with blood glucose level in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, a relationship between the understanding of antidiabetic medication and blood glucose level in patients with type 2 diabetes is unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the understanding of antidiabetic medication and blood glucose level in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsLifestyle factors were evaluated by a questionnaire method, in the present cross‐sectional study. Poor understanding of antidiabetic medication (PUAD) was defined as a discrepancy between the answer and the actual use of oral antidiabetic medication on the questionnaire. Poor blood glucose level was defined as hemoglobin A1c ≥8%. To investigate the impact of PUAD on poor blood glucose level, propensity‐score matching analysis was used to remove the bias of confounding variables, including sex, age, log (duration of diabetes +1), body mass index, number of oral antidiabetic medications, smoking status, alcohol drinking, exercise, nephropathy, neuropathy, oral antidiabetic medications and insulin.ResultsAmong 479 patients, 40 patients (8.4%) were categorized into the PUAD group. The hemoglobin A1c of patients with PUAD was higher than that of patients without (7.5 [1.3] vs 7.2 [0.9]%, P = 0.041). In the propensity‐matched 74 patients, PUAD was associated with poor blood glucose level (odds ratio 5.45, 95% confidence interval 1.54–25.8, P = 0.007) by logistic regression analysis.ConclusionA poor understanding of antidiabetic medication is associated with poor blood glucose level in patients with type 2 diabetes.