bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of adult lead poisoning with D-penicillamine
Authors: Paeezi Maryam , Zamani Nasim , Hassanian-Moghaddam Hossein , Shadnia Shahin , Zamani Naghmeh , Chaleshi Vahid , Mafi Amir Ali 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of D-penicillamine in the treatment of lead poisoning mainly in the outpatient setting.

Methods
In a case series study performed during the recent epidemic of lead poisoning in Iran, lead-poisoned patients referring to our outpatient clinic were treated with 250-mg D-penicillamine capsules administered every 6 h for 5 or 10 days based on availability of the medication. They were recommended to re-check blood lead level (BLL) 4 weeks after cessation of the treatment and refer to our clinic again.

Results
In 63 patients with lead poisoning but without signs and symptoms of lead encephalopathy, median BLL was 106 [84, 131] μg/dL on presentation, which declined to a mean of 52.6 ± 28.8 μg/dL after a median treatment period of 7 [5, 10] days (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the 5- and 10-day treatment protocols regarding complications and recovery. Treatment had resulted in a median decrease of 54 μg/dL [33, 90] (range: −20 to 231 μg/dL) in the patients’ BLLs (33.9% declined in BLL measurements; range: −29.69% to 99.06%).

Conclusions
D-penicillamine may be an acceptable substitute treatment in adult lead poisoning. Although our sample size was limited, we could not detect any serious adverse effects in our cases showing that D-penicillamine resulted in acceptable recovery rates. This may be helpful especially in epidemics with limitations in antidote access.
Carnaps Autobiographie als Autobiographie
Authors: Siegetsleitner Anne 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Rudolf Carnap’s intellectual autobiography was published in 1963. The specific characteristics of this kind of text and its reception shape his self-testimony. This article examines how these characteristics – typical narrative position and structure, problems of truth and veracity, well-rounded self-presentation – are manifest in the story Carnap tells of his life. In Carnap’s case, the subjective narrative position is the one of the successful philosopher, and Carnap meets the expectation of presenting one’s life as a unity, framed by considerations of his general attitude towards life. In line with the history of autobiographical writing in pietism, Carnap’s autobiography also includes a kind of self-justification in addition to a conversion experience, although the latter is secularized as a conversion from religion to logic-centred philosophy. In this regard, the United States are presented as a blessed country, where Carnap has reached his New Zion which he helped flourish
Application of calcium montmorillonite on flame resistance, thermal stability and interfacial adhesion in polystyrene nanocomposites
Authors: Lu Feng-Ling , Shen Ming-Xia , Xue Yi-Jiao , Zeng Shao-Hua , Chen Shang-Neng , Hao Ling-Yun , Yang Lu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo exploit the application of calcium montmorillonite (CaMt) and improve the flame resistance of polystyrene (PS), two kinds of long carbon chain quaternary ammonium bromides with different spatial effect (i.e., cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and didodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB)) were used to intercalate CaMt for yielding corresponding organic calcium montmorillonite (CaOMt). The PS nanocomposites containing CaOMt (PS/CaOMt) were prepared by melt blending method. The effects of CaOMt on flame resistance, thermal stability, tensile properties and interfacial adhesion of PS/CaOMt were investigated. The results showed that both CTAB and DDAB were intercalated into CaMt to get CaOMt with an exfoliated/intercalated structure, which could endue good interfacial adhesion and thermal stability for PS/CaOMt. All peak values of flame resistance parameters of PS/CaOMt decreased and corresponding combustion times were postponed obviously. Moreover, Young’s modulus of DDAB-intercalated PS/CaOMt was improved by 49.1% while its tensile strength kept at the same level as PS.
Improving the flame retardancy of ethylene vinyl acetate composites by incorporating layered double hydroxides based on Bayer red mud
Authors: Qian Yi , Jiang Kangjia , Li Long 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNowadays, reducing the hazards of bayer red mud (BRM) is an important research direction in the fields of environmental and safety. In this article, Mg/Al/Fe ternary layered double hydroxides (Mg/Al/Fe-LDHs) were synthesized successfully by a co-precipitation method based on introducing Mg2+ into the BRM suspension. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that the decomposition rate of LDHs is higher than that of BRM, which indicates that LDHs can absorb more heat than BRM during the decomposition process. Subsequently, BRM and LDHs were added into the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) to investigate its effects on reducing flammability of the composites. The cone calorimeter test (CCT) results demonstrated that 50 wt% LDH-B can make the peak value of HRR (PHRR) decrease from 1694.8 kW/m2 (EVA) to 199.2 kW/m2 (ELDH2). The smoke density test (SDT) results showed that the luminous flux of ELDH2 is nearly 95% at the end of test with a pilot flame, which is much higher than that of EVA and EBRM. The thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR) results confirmed that LDHs can improve the thermal stability of composites and reduce the production of some toxic gases. Compared with BRM, the improved flame retardancy of Mg/Al/Fe-LDHs is ascribed to the introduction of Mg2+, which offering an enhanced catalytic carbonization capability, as well as the physical barrier effect of char residue layer catalyzed by the lamellar LDHs
N, N’-sebacic bis(hydrocinnamic acid) dihydrazide: A crystallization accelerator for poly(L-lactic acid)
Authors: Zhao Li-Sha , Cai Yan-Hua , Liu Hui-Li 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDeveloping more organic nucleating agent with different molecular structure is very instructive to improve the crystallization of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and explore the crystallization mechanism. In this study,N, N’-sebacic bis(hydrocinnamic acid) dihydrazide (HAD) was synthesized to serve as a nucleating agent for PLLA. The effects of HAD on the non-isothermal crystallization, melting behavior, thermal stability and optical performance of PLLA were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and light transmittance meter. The melt crystallization behavior showed that HAD was able to promote the crystallization of PLLAviaheterogenous nucleation in cooling, and it was found that, upon the cooling of 1°C/min, the incorporation of 1 wt% HAD made the crystallization temperature and non-isothermal crystallization enthalpy increase from 94.5°C and 0.1 J/g to 131.6°C and 48.5 J/g comparing with the pure PLLA. Additionally, the melt crystallization significantly depended on the cooling rate and the final melting temperature. For the cold crystallization, when the nucleation density from HAD and PLLA itself was saturated, the influence of the HAD concentration on the cold crystallization process of the PLLA/HAD samples is negligible. The melting behavior after isothermal or non-isothermal crystallization further confirmed the crystallization accelerating effect of HAD for PLLA, and the appearance of the double melting peaks was attributed to the melting-recrystallization. Unfortunately, the addition of HAD decreased the thermal stability and light transmittance of PLLA.
Effects of cylindrical-electrode-assisted solution blowing spinning process parameters on polymer nanofiber morphology and microstructure
Authors: Zheng Wenxing , Wang Xinhou 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCylindrical-electrode-assisted solution blowing spinning (CSBS) is a novel method for preparing polymer nanofibers by using air-stretch and electrostatic simultaneously, which can fabricate thinner and more uniform nanofibers than the traditional solution blowing spinning (SBS). In this work, the effects of processing parameters including length of cylinder (LC), needle to cylinder distance (NCD) and left face of cylinder to collector distance (CCD) on the CSBS nanofiber diameter were investigated. The results are as follows: when the NCD decreased, the fiber diameter decreased; when the LC increased, the fiber diameter decreased; the CCD didn’t significantly affect the fiber diameter. Moreover, an orthogonal experimental design was utilized to investigate the effect of injection rate, air pressure, NCD, LC, diameter of cylinder (DC), voltage and CCD on the fiber diameter and porosity of various surface layers of nanofiber web (P1, P2, and P3). The results showed that the varied range of each properties (average diameter, standard deviation of the diameter, P1, P2, and P3) was 539.121-904.149 nm, 127.903-303.253, 71.464-85.1415%, 60.32725-75.46625%, 48.23925-70.08875%, respectively. We also found the order of the influence of the above-mentioned seven process parameters on each above properties of the nanofiber web, and the corresponding optimal spinning process parameters were listed. It is well known that the fiber diameter affects the mechanical properties of nanofibers, and porosity of nano-fiber webs is an important parameter in tissue engineering, bioengineering, and filtration. The effects of CSBS process parameters on nanofiber morphology and microstructure were investigated for the first time. The conclusion of the paper can help researchers to produce high quality CSBS nanofiber and promote the wider application of this novel technology.
A novel polyamidine-grafted carboxymethylcellulose: Synthesis, characterization and flocculation performance test
Authors: Yue Yijun , Zheng Lan , Wang Yuqi , Wu Jinqiao , Li Shanshan , Han Xiaolong , Wu Le 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study facilitates the synthesis process of a novel graft copolymer (flocculant) using carboxymethyl cellulose, acrylonitrile and N-vinyl formamide as raw materials. The carboxymethyl cellulose graft polyamidine (CMC-g-PAMD) can be used as new flocculant to replace the traditional polyacrylamide flocculant, which manifested its excellent flocculation and degradation efficiency. A five-membered cyclic copolymer was prepared by the graft copolymerization, and the synthesized flocculants were characterized by EA, TG-DTG, FT-IR, SEM and NMR, confirming the successful synthesis of the desired copolymers. The operation conditions for copolymerization were experimentally investigated, and the results indicated that the optimal initiator dosage, copolymerization temperature, amidinization temperature, acidification time and flocculant dosage were 4 g/L, 50°C, 90°C, 3 h and 60 mg/L, respectively. Compared with the traditional polyacrylamide flocculant, the CMC-g-PAMD presented an outstanding flocculation ability of 96.1% under its optimal operation conditions, which showed an enormous potential in the application of coalmine waste-water treatment.
Novel chitosan and Laponite based nanocomposite for fast removal of Cd(II), methylene blue and Congo red from aqueous solution
Authors: Xu Guobin , Zhu Yuejun , Wang Xiujun , Wang Shanshan , Cheng Tianxiang , Ping Rang , Cao Jie , Lv Kaihe 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA series of chitosan and Laponite based nano-composite adsorbents, which showed an excellent performance for fast and efficient removal of Cd(II), methylene blue (MB) and Congo red (CR) from aqueous solution, were prepared. In the adsorbent, with the increase of Laponite component, the surface area increased from 44.69 m2g-1to 64.58 m2g-1. As a result, the adsorption rates were enhanced by increasing Laponite component. The adsorption capacities for Cd(II) and MB increased with increasing Laponite component due the cationic characteristic of two pollutants, and the opposite result was found for the removal of CR. The impacts of some factors, e.g. solution pH, temperature, pollutant concentration and salt, on the adsorption capacity were investigated. Additionally, this adsorbent could be effectively regenerated by dilute HCl solution after the adsorption of Cd(II), and the mixture of methanol and acetic acid was a suitable eluent after the adsorption of two dyes.
Effects of chemical modifications on the rheological and the expansion behavior of polylactide (PLA) in foam extrusion
Authors: Standau Tobias , Castellón Svenja Murillo , Delavoie Agathe , Bonten Christian , Altstädt Volker 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIt is well known that polylactide (PLA) is difficult to foam due to its low melt strength. Thus, many ways were described in the literature to enhance the foamability. However, the melt strength was actually determined only in a limited number of publications. In this study, the addition of chemical modifiers was used to change the rheological behavior of PLA and thereby improve its foamability in foam extrusion process. For the first time the use of dicumyl peroxide modified PLA in foam extrusion is described. Both modifications lead to a distinct increase in melt strength. Here, the highest increase was shown for the PLA modified with dicumyl peroxide. Furthermore, strain hardening was observed for PLA modified with the peroxide. Low density foams were achieved for neat and modified PLA in foam extrusion. Neat PLA showed a density of 45 kg/m3, while the peroxide modified PLA showed the highest expansion with a density reduction down to 32 kg/m3. Both modifications result in a more uniform cell structure and an improved compression strength. Here, the foamed, peroxide modified PLA showed outstanding performance compared to neat PLA foam with twice the compression strength (151 Pa) even at a 30% lower density.
Influence of mid-stress on the dynamic fatigue of a light weight EPS bead foam
Authors: Keller Jan-Hendrik , Altstädt Volker 
Published: June 2019

AbstractExpandable Polystyrene (EPS) is one of the most commonly used material, when it comes to protect thermal sensitive goods, since the thermal conductivity of EPS is very low. The mechanical properties in terms of long-term compression or quasi-static compression are also quite well known. But when the material is loaded with higher amplitudes over a long period of time, not much is known yet about long-term mechanical behavior. For example, as a packaging material, EPS exhibits complex loading situation ranging from small to high amplitudes over a long period of time, when e.g. it is transported in a truck, a ship or in a car. In order to characterize the mechanical behavior under such large amplitude loading, the dynamic fatigue needs to be recorded and evaluated. In this paper, the principles of the hysteresis measurements evaluation are applied on EPS for the first time to unveil long-term mechanical properties in compression. Results show, that after increasing the dynamic load level to a critical level of over 100 kPa, the mechanical behavior, in terms of compression rate, of EPS changes from a linear to a kind of exponential mode.
Synthesis and fungicidal activities of perfluoropropan-2-yl-based novel quinoline derivatives
Authors: Zhang Zai , Liu Minhua , Liu Weidong , Xiang Jun , Li Jianming , Li Zhong , Liu Xingping , Huang Mingzhi , Liu Aiping , Zheng Xingliang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A series of novel perfluoropropan-2-yl-based quinoline derivatives was designed and synthesized utilizing tebufloquin as the lead compound. The structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic data 1HNMR, MS and elemental analysis. The results of bioassay indicated that these compounds exhibited potent fungicidal activities against Erysiphe graminis. Especially, compound 8c displayed excellent activity with EC50 value at 1.48 mg / L, which was better than that of the commercialized fungicide --- tebufloquin. The structure-activity relationship for these new compounds was also discussed.
Contribution of astrocytes to metabolic dysfunction in the Alzheimer’s disease brain
Authors: Zulfiqar Shadaan , Garg Pretty , Nieweg Katja 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Historically considered as accessory cells to neurons, there is an increasing interest in the role of astrocytes in normal and pathological conditions. Astrocytes are involved in neurotransmitter recycling, antioxidant supply, ion buffering and neuroinflammation, i.e. a lot of the same pathways that go astray in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD remains the leading cause of dementia in the elderly, one for which there is still no cure. Efforts in AD drug development have largely focused on treating neuronal pathologies that appear relatively late in the disease. The neuroenergetic hypothesis, however, focuses on the early event of glucose hypometabolism in AD, where astrocytes play a key role, caused by an imbalanced neuron-astrocyte lactate shuttle. This further results in a state of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, thereby compromising the integrity of astrocyte-neuron interaction. Compromised astrocytic energetics also enhance amyloid generation, further increasing the severity of the disease. Additionally, apolipoprotein E (APOE), the major genetic risk factor for AD, is predominantly secreted by astrocytes and plays a critical role in amyloid clearance and regulates glucose metabolism in an amyloid-independent manner. Thus, boosting the neuroprotective properties of astrocytes has potential applications in delaying the onset and progression of AD. This review explores how the metabolic dysfunction arising from astrocytes acts as a trigger for the development of AD.
Exceptionally versatile – arginine in bacterial post-translational protein modifications
Authors: Lassak Jürgen , Koller Franziska , Krafczyk Ralph , Volkwein Wolfram 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTM) are the evolutionary solution to challenge and extend the boundaries of genetically predetermined proteomic diversity. As PTMs are highly dynamic, they also hold an enormous regulatory potential. It is therefore not surprising that out of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, 15 can be post-translationally modified. Even the relatively inert guanidino group of arginine is subject to a multitude of mostly enzyme mediated chemical changes. The resulting alterations can have a major influence on protein function. In this review, we will discuss how bacteria control their cellular processes and develop pathogenicity based on post-translational protein-arginine modifications.
Abstieg trotz Bildung
Authors: Steinmayr Markus 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Many figures of educational descent are to be found in contemporary German literature. This article takes this observation as an opportunity to bring together social science descriptions of the present (precarity) with arguments of form and genre (Bildungsroman, Angestelltenroman). The main features of a poetics of social politics are developed from readings of Thomas Melle’s 3000 Euro, Robert Kisch’s Möbelhaus, and Kristine Bilkau’s Die Glücklichen, a politics that takes the welfare state programming of the social as an opportunity to inquire about the function of literary representation in the culture of the welfare state (Franz Xaver Kaufmann).
Funde in Schichten
Authors: Vogel Juliane 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A key passage in Adalbert Stifter’s Der Nachsommer (Indian Summer) tells of the discovery of an antique marble statue in Cumae, Italy. The account can be read as an archeological scene in which a pretext, Prosper Mérimée’s La Vénus d’Ille, is overwritten and inverted. Both texts were written by authors who were officially nominated inspectors of historical monuments; both reflect on archeological practices related to national heritage. While Mérimée’s novella satirizes a destructive practice of exposure, Stifter promotes a gentle form of excavation in order to restore an intact antiquity. The passage refers to a stratigraphic concept discussed in contemporary archeology which also characterizes the working method of the author himself: a writing in ‘layers’ of pretexts and subtexts that at the same time removes and stacks different levels of structure and meaning.
»Bildung und Wissen, und zwar in volkstümlicher Weise, dem allgemeinen Verständnis zugänglich machen«
Authors: Jürgensen Christoph 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The nineteenth-century journal Westermanns Monatshefte was a publication that aimed to collect and register the contemporary knowledge of its time for a bourgeois audience. In doing so, the journal served – as this article will show – as a tradition-generating institution within the cultural field. With respect to the literary field in particular, this cultural journal tried to promote a traditional form of novella as a leading literary genre, an endeavour which can particularly be seen in the journal’s collaboration with Paul Heyse.
The Influence of Creative Accounting to the Formation of the Accounting Policy and Accounting’s Results
Authors: Bachtijeva Diana 
Published: June 2019

The accounting's policy choice and creating is influenced by accounting theory, impact factors, each company's objectives, and this makes company unique. Legislation for businesses in creating accounting policies allow to choose the following accounting methods and techniques that are most revealing aspects of the activities of the enterprise. In cases where the situation is not exactly to regulate the law is left to creativity. There is a need to apply creative accounting, which is identified as a factor influencing the choice of accounting policy. Taking into account the environmental factors of the company, creative accounting is applying in different accounting areas and in different volumes, while the accounting policy structure is forming. The main source of information about the company's financial position and the results are financial statements. On financial statements basis, information users make decisions. In order to influence information users decision's, company starts to manipulate financial data. In order to influence consumer decisions, creative accounting is used to manipulate financial data, which results in higher or lower company profits and distorts other financial information. On misleading data basis made financial statements not reflect a true and fair view of the company. The size of the distortion of information's, investigations are not carried out In Lithuania. The purpose of the study is analysis of the relationship of creative accounting and accounting policy and determinate the creative accounting impact to the formation of the accounting policy and accounting's results. Methods of analysis, data systematization, comparative, grouping and modeling were used during the research.
JEL classification: M41