bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wind, Circulation, and Topographic Effects on Alongshore Phytoplankton Variability in the California Current
Authors: Fiechter Jerome , Edwards Christopher A. , Moore Andrew M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA physical‐biogeochemical model is used to produce a retrospective analysis at 3‐km resolution of alongshore phytoplankton variability in the California Current during 1988–2010. The simulation benefits from downscaling a regional circulation reanalysis, which provides improved physical ocean state estimates in the high‐resolution domain. The emerging pattern is one of local upwelling intensification in response to increased alongshore wind stress in the lee of capes, modulated by alongshore meanders in the geostrophic circulation. While stronger upwelling occurs near most major topographic features, substantial increases in phytoplankton biomass only ensue where local circulation patterns are conducive to on‐shelf retention of upwelled nutrients. Locations of peak nutrient delivery and chlorophyll accumulation also exhibit interannual variability and trends noticeably larger than the surrounding shelf regions, thereby suggesting that long‐term planktonic ecosystem response in the California Current exhibits a significant local scale (O(100 km)) alongshore component.
Assessing Land Deformation and Sea Encroachment in the Nile Delta: A Radar Interferometric and Inundation Modeling Approach
Authors: Gebremichael Esayas , Sultan Mohamed , Becker Richard , El Bastawesy Mohamed , Cherif Omar , Emil Mustafa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPersistent scatterer interferometric analyses were conducted on a stack of 84 Environmental Satellite's Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar scenes spanning 7 years (2004 to 2010) over the entire Nile Delta of Egypt and surroundings (area: 40,416 km2) to monitor the ongoing spatial and temporal land deformation, identify the factors controlling the deformation, and model the interplay between sea level rise and land subsidence to identify areas and populations threatened by sea encroachment by the end of the 21st century. Findings include the following: (1) general patterns of subsidence (average rate: −2.4 mm/year) in the northern delta, near‐steady to slight subsidence in the southern delta (average rate: 0.4 mm/year), separated by a previously mapped flexure zone (minimum width: 20–40 km) undergoing uplift (average rate: 2.5 mm/year); (2) high subsidence rates (up to −8.9 mm/year) over the north central and northeastern delta (area: ~4,815 km2), possibly due to compaction of recent (<3,500 years old), thick (>5 m) silt and clay‐rich Holocene sediments; (3) high subsidence rates (up to −9.7 mm/year) in areas where the highest groundwater extraction rates were reported in southern delta (Menoufia governorate) and in reclaimed desert land in the western delta (Beheira governorate); (4) high subsidence rates (up to −9.7 mm/year) over onshore gas fields, notably the Abu Madi gas field, where high gas extraction rates have been recorded; and (5) using extracted deformation rates, high‐resolution TanDEM‐X digital elevation model, a eustatic sea level rise of 0.44 m, and applying a bathtub inundation model, an estimated 2,660 km2 in northern delta will be inundated by year 2100.
Controls on Cyclic Formation of Quaternary Early Diagenetic Dolomite
Authors: McCormack J. , Bontognali T. R. R. , Immenhauser A. , Kwiecien O. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe origin of sedimentary dolomite and the factors that control its formation within the geological record remain speculative. In most models, dolomite formation is linked to evaporative conditions, high water temperature, increasing Mg/Ca ratio, increasing alkalinity, and high amounts of biomass. Here we challenge these archetypal views, by documenting a case example of Quaternary dolomite which formed in Lake Van at constantly low temperature (<4°C) and without direct control of the latter conditions. Dolomite occurs within highstand sediments related to suborbital climate variability (Dansgaard‐Oeschger cycles). We propose that dolomite precipitation is a product of a microbially influenced process, triggered by ecological stress, resulting from reventilation of the water‐sediment interface. Independently from the validity of this hypothesis, our results call for a reevaluation of the paleoenvironmental conditions often invoked for early diagenetic dolomite‐rich intervals within sedimentary sequences and for caution when interpreting time series of subrecent lacustrine carbonates.
Formation of Aldehydes and Ketones by Oxidation
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Dubrovskiy Anton V. , Markina Nataliya A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlkanesAlkenesEnaminesAlkenylphosphonatesDienes and PolyenesAlkynesHalides, Nitrites, Nitrates, and SulfonatesAmines and DerivativesNitro CompoundsDiazo CompoundsAzidesPhosphorus YlidsEthersSulfidesSulfoxidesSulfones and SultamsPhenols and DerivativesAlcoholsAllylic AlcoholsHomoallylic AlcoholsPropargylic AlcoholsHomopropargylic AlcoholsDiols and DerivativesHalohydrinsα‐HydroxyketonesHydroxyacids and DerivativesAldehydesKetonesAcetalsCarboxylic Acids and DerivativesAcid HalidesEsters and LactonesAmidesNitriles and Acyl CyanidesFuransOrganometallics
Formation of Nitriles, Carboxylic Acids, and Derivatives by Rearrangements
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Rozhkov Roman 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWillgerodt and Related ReactionsBaeyer–VillagerBeckmann and Related ReactionsSchmidtCurtiusOxaziridine→AmideFavorski and Related ReactionsBenzilic AcidArndt–Eistert and WolffCopeAza–CopeClaisenAza‐Claisen and Related RearrangementsAllylic SelenidesImidate Esters2,3‐Sigmatropic RearrangementEne Reaction‐OxidationRing OpeningRing ExpansionDecarboxylation–AllylationOther Reactions
Progranulin levels in blood in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Cooper Yonatan A. , Nachun Daniel , Dokuru Deepika , Yang Zhongan , Karydas Anna M. , Serrero Ginette , Yue Binbin ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Boxer Adam L. , Miller Bruce L. , Coppola Giovanni 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveChanges in progranulin (GRN) expression have been hypothesized to alter risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the relationship between GRN expression in peripheral blood and clinical diagnosis of AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsPeripheral blood progranulin gene expression was measured, using microarrays from Alzheimer's (n = 186), MCI (n = 118), and control (n = 204) subjects from the University of California San Francisco Memory and Aging Center (UCSF‐MAC) and two independent published series (AddNeuroMed and ADNI). GRN gene expression was correlated with clinical, demographic, and genetic data, including APOE haplotype and the GRN rs5848 single‐nucleotide polymorphism. Finally, we assessed progranulin protein levels, using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and methylation status using methylation microarrays.ResultsWe observed an increase in blood progranulin gene expression and a decrease in GRN promoter methylation in males (P = 0.007). Progranulin expression was 13% higher in AD and MCI patients compared with controls in the UCSF‐MAC cohort (F2,505 = 10.41, P = 3.72*10−5). This finding was replicated in the AddNeuroMed (F2,271 = 17.9, P = 4.83*10−8) but not the ADNI series. The rs5848 SNP (T‐allele) predicted decreased blood progranulin gene expression (P = 0.03). The APOE4 haplotype was positively associated with progranulin expression independent of diagnosis (P = 0.04). Finally, we did not identify differences in plasma progranulin protein levels or gene methylation between diagnostic categories.InterpretationProgranulin mRNA is elevated in peripheral blood of patients with AD and MCI and its expression is associated with numerous genetic and demographic factors. These data suggest a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative dementias besides frontotemporal dementia.
Identification from CCTV: Assessing police super‐recogniser ability to spot faces in a crowd and susceptibility to change blindness
Authors: Davis Josh P. , Forrest Charlotte , Treml Felicia , Jansari Ashok 
Published: April 2018

SummaryPolice worldwide regularly review closed‐circuit television (CCTV) evidence in investigations. This research found that London police experts who work in a full‐time “Super‐Recogniser Unit” and front line police identifiers regularly making suspect identifications from CCTV possessed superior unfamiliar face recognition ability and, with higher levels of confidence, outperformed controls at locating actors in a bespoke Spot the Face in a Crowd Test. Police were also less susceptible to change blindness errors and possessed higher levels of conscientiousness and lower levels of neuroticism and openness. Controls who took part in Spot the Face in a Crowd Test actor familiarisation training outperformed untrained controls, suggesting this exercise might enhance identification of persons of interest in real investigations. This research supports an accumulating body of evidence demonstrating that international police forces may benefit from deploying officers with superior face recognition ability to roles such as CCTV review, as these officers may be the most likely to identify persons of interest.
The Impact of Illness Perceptions and Coping on the Association Between Back Pain and Health Outcomes in Patients Suspected of Having Axial Spondyloarthritis: Data From the SPondyloArthritis Caught Early Cohort
Authors: van Lunteren Miranda , Scharloo Margreet , Ez‐Zaitouni Zineb , de Koning Anoek , Landewé Robert , Fongen Camilla , Ramonda Roberta , Kaptein Ad A. , van Gaalen Floris A. , van der Heijde Désirée 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate whether illness perceptions and coping influence the relationship between back pain and health outcomes in patients suspected of having axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).MethodsIn the SPondyloArthritis Caught Early cohort, regression models were computed at baseline, with back pain intensity (range 0–10) as the determinant and health‐related quality of life, the physical component summary score (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) of the Short Form 36 (SF‐36) health survey, or work productivity loss as outcomes. Subsequently, using Leventhal's Common‐Sense Model of Self‐Regulation, illness perceptions and, thereafter, coping were added to the models. Analyses were repeated for patients diagnosed and classified as having axial SpA according to the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society axial SpA criteria (ASAS axial SpA), patients only diagnosed with axial SpA (axial SpA–diagnosed only), and those with chronic back pain.ResultsA total of 424 patients (145 with ASAS axial SpA, 81 with only a diagnosis of axial SpA, and 198 with chronic back pain); 64% of the total group were female, the mean ± SD age was 30.9 ± 8.1 years, and the mean ± SD symptom duration was 13.3 ± 7.1 months) were studied. In all patients, the strength of the associations between back pain and the PCS, back pain and the MCS score, and back pain and loss of work productivity were decreased by adding illness perceptions to the model, but explained variance improved. Adding coping to these models did not change the results. Comparable results were observed in all subgroups.ConclusionIllness perception, but not coping, is important in the relationship between back pain and HRQoL and work productivity loss in patients suspected of having axial SpA, irrespective of subgroup. This finding suggests that targeting illness perceptions could improve health outcomes in patients suspected of having axial SpA.
Cost‐Utility Analysis of Routine Anxiety and Depression Screening in Patients Consulting for Osteoarthritis: Results From a Clinical, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kigozi Jesse , Jowett Sue , Nicholl Barbara I. , Lewis Martyn , Bartlam Bernadette , Green Daniel , Belcher John , Clarkson Kris , Lingard Zoe , Pope Christopher , Chew‐Graham Carolyn A. , Croft Peter , Hay Elaine M. , Peat George , Mallen Christian D. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the cost‐effectiveness (cost‐utility) of introducing general practitioner screening for anxiety and depression in patients consulting for osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsA cluster‐randomized trial‐based economic evaluation to assess general practitioners screening for anxiety and depression symptoms in patients consulting for OA compared to usual care (screening for pain intensity) was undertaken over a 12‐month period from a UK National Health Service and societal perspective. Patient‐level mean costs and mean quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) were estimated, and cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves controlling for cluster‐level data were constructed. The base‐case analysis used the net benefit regressions approach. The 2‐stage nonparametric sampling technique was explored in a sensitivity analysis.ResultsThe base‐case analysis demonstrated that the intervention was as costly as, and less effective than, the control (QALY differential −0.029 [95% confidence interval −0.062, 0.003]). In the base‐case analyses, general practitioner screening for anxiety and depression was unlikely to be a cost‐effective option (probability <5% at £20,000/QALY). Similar results were observed in all sensitivity analyses.ConclusionPrompting general practitioners to routinely screen and manage comorbid anxiety and depression in patients presenting with OA is unlikely to be cost‐effective. Further research is needed to explore clinically effective and cost‐effective models of managing anxiety and depression in patients presenting with clinical OA.
Does Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Care Provided in a Lupus Clinic Result in Higher Quality of Care Than That Provided in a General Rheumatology Clinic?
Authors: Arora Shilpa , Nika Ailda , Trupin Laura , Abraham Hrudya , Block Joel , Sequeira Winston , Yazdany Jinoos , Jolly Meenakshi 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo compare the quality of care received by patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 2 settings within the academic institution (a dedicated lupus clinic and a general rheumatology clinic) using validated SLE quality measures.MethodsOne hundred fifty consenting, consecutive SLE patients receiving longitudinal care at the Rush University general rheumatology clinic (n = 73) or the subspecialty lupus clinic (n = 77) were recruited. An updated quality measure survey and retrospective medical chart review were used to evaluate each quality measure (n = 20). The overall and individual quality measure performance was calculated and compared between the 2 groups. Data on the number of SLE patients seen by each rheumatologist were collected to assess the relationship between SLE patient volume and quality measures.ResultsOverall quality measure performance was significantly better in SLE patients receiving care at the lupus clinic (85.8% versus 70.2% of patients receiving care at the general rheumatology clinic; P = 0.001). Differences between the 2 groups were observed for sunscreen counseling (98.7% and 83.6%, respectively; P = 0.001), antiphospholipid antibody testing (71.4% and 37%, respectively; P < 0.001), pneumococcal vaccination (84.8% and 48.8%, respectively; P < 0.001), bone mineral density testing (94.2% and 54.5%, respectively; P < 0.001), drug counseling (92.2% and 80.8%, respectively; P = 0.04), use of a steroid‐sparing agent (100% and 82%, respectively; P < 0.007), use of an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (94.4% and 58.3%, respectively; P = 0.03), and cardiovascular disease risk assessment (40.3% and 15.1%, respectively; P = 0.01). There was a moderate correlation between physician volume and quality measure performance (ρ = 0.48, P < 0.001).ConclusionCompared with the general rheumatology clinic, the dedicated lupus clinic had better quality measure performance in this cross‐sectional single‐center study. In our health care system, we also observed indicators suggesting that rheumatologists with a higher volume of SLE patients provide higher quality of care.
Aerobic Exercise and Fatigue in Rheumatoid Arthritis Participants: A Meta‐Analysis Using the Minimal Important Difference Approach
Authors: Kelley George A. , Kelley Kristi S. , Callahan Leigh F. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo use the minimal important difference (MID) versus the standardized mean difference (SMD) approach in order to provide more robust and clinically relevant information regarding the association between land‐based aerobic exercise and changes in self‐reported fatigue among adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsData from a previous meta‐analysis of 5 randomized controlled trials that represented up to 298 participants per study were utilized to calculate 9 effect sizes, using the MID approach. Data used to obtain the MID were derived from previously reported anchor‐based values specific to each fatigue instrument in adults with RA. Results were pooled using a random‐effects model.ResultsAerobic exercise resulted in statistically significant reductions in self‐reported fatigue (MID effect size −0.34 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) −0.58, −0.10]; P = 0.006). Results were similar when effect sizes were collapsed so that only 1 effect size represented each study (MID effect size −0.39 [95% CI −0.76, −0.03]; P = 0.04).ConclusionLand‐based aerobic exercise is associated with statistically significant reductions in fatigue; however, based on previous cut points, it may be unlikely that a substantial number of participants with RA could obtain clinically relevant reductions in fatigue. Additional studies are needed, especially in those individuals with RA who have elevated levels of fatigue.
Qualitative Evaluation of Evidence‐Based Online Decision Aid and Resources for Osteoarthritis Management: Understanding Patient Perspectives
Authors: Jeon Yun‐Hee , Flaherty Ian , Urban Hema , Wortley Sally , Dickson Chris , Salkeld Glenn , Hunter David J. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo qualitatively examine the experiences with, and impact of, evidence‐based online resources in self‐management among Australians with osteoarthritis.MethodsTelephone interviews were conducted with 36 users of a novel osteoarthritis resource, the Osteoarthritis Awareness Hub. Rogers’ 5 attributes of innovation (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability) and outcomes guided the semistructured interview and analysis. Maximum variation sampling was used, and data saturation occurred after 33 interviews. A coding scheme was agreed upon and all interview data were entered into NVivo for qualitative content analysis.ResultsStudy participants had high levels of literacy and health literacy. For adoption and implementation of an innovation, the participants’ narratives confirmed and underscored the fact that it was important that it come from an authoritative and trusting voice and that its perceived benefits align with participants’ values and existing practices (relative advantage and compatibility). The participants also valued seeing the practical benefits of the innovation, such as its capacity to impart quality and balanced new insights and information, and to maintain and monitor their personal progress. Notably, many participants spoke about the mental and physical health benefits that they derived from engagement with the online resources.ConclusionOur study findings confirm that web‐based tools can be a useful adjunct to patients adopting self‐management strategies. Rogers’ theory provides a framework for a deeper appreciation of the how, why, and what questions concerning the adoption and implementation processes, especially among people with good technology and health literacy.
Higher ploidy is associated with reduced range breadth in the Potentilleae tribe
Authors: Brittingham Hayley A. , Koski Matthew H. , Ashman Tia‐Lynn 
Published: April 2018

Premise of the StudyPolyploids are predicted to have greater niche breadth and larger ranges than diploids because of higher ecological tolerances, self‐compatibility, and increased genetic variation. However, empirical support for this prediction is mixed, and most studies compare diploids and polyploids, rather than accounting for quantitative variation in ploidy. We test the prediction that species of higher ploidy have greater range breadth and abiotic breadth than those of lower ploidy.MethodsWe estimate range breadth (latitudinal range, altitudinal range, and range size) and abiotic breadth (range in temperature, precipitation, and ultraviolet‐B irradiance) for 109 species in the Potentilleae tribe of Rosaceae. We assess the contribution of ploidy to variation in range breadth, while accounting for shared evolutionary history and time of species divergence using phylogenetic comparative methods.Key ResultsPloidy varied widely among species from 2× to 12×. Phylogenetic relatedness explained little of the variation in ploidy, range breadth, and abiotic breadth. Transitions to higher ploidy were associated with reduced latitudinal and altitudinal ranges, smaller overall range size, and reduced abiotic breadth for temperature and UV‐B.ConclusionsIn contrast to predictions, this study shows that transitions to higher ploidy are associated with reduced range size and abiotic breadth. It also highlights the importance of considering continuous variation in ploidy when evaluating ecological correlates with ploidy. We discuss how genome duplication may contribute to the observed negative relationship between ploidy and range breadth.
Recovering missing mesothelioma deaths in death certificates using hospital records
Authors: Santana Vilma S. , Algranti Eduardo , Campos Felipe , Cavalcante Franciana , Salvi Leonardo , Santos Simone A. , Inamine Rosemeire N. , Souza William , Consonni Dario 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundIn Brazil, underreporting of mesothelioma and cancer of the pleura (MCP) is suspected to be high. Records from death certificates (SIM) and hospital registers (SIH‐SUS) can be combined to recover missing data but only anonymous databases are available. This study shows how common data can be used for linkage and as an assessment of accuracy.MethodsMesothelioma (all sites, ICD‐10 codes C45.0‐C45.9) and cancer of the pleura (C38.4) were retrieved from both information systems and combined using a linkage algorithm. Accuracy was examined with non‐anonymous databases, limited to the state of São Paulo.ResultsWe found 775 cases in death certificates and 283 in hospital registers. The linkage matched 57 cases, all accurately paired. Three cases, 0.4% in SIM and 1.3% in SIH‐SUS, could not be matched because of data inconsistencies.ConclusionsA computer linkage can recover MCP cases from hospital records not found in death certificates in Brazil.
Analytische Chemie – aktuelle Trends im Vergleich zu den historischen Anfängen
Authors: Nießner Reinhard 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAusgewählte aktuelle Trends der analytischen Chemie werden vergleichend zu methodischen Ansätzen im gleichen Arbeitsfeld, die aber bereits im 19. Jahrhundert publiziert wurden, diskutiert. So ist etwa die mikrogravimetrische Massenbestimmung zu einer nachweisstarken Sensortechnologie weiterentwickelt worden. In der Spektroskopie ist ein zunehmender Wechsel zur Raman‐Spektroskopie beobachtbar. Eine Renaissance erleben papierbasierte tüpfelanalytische Verfahren mit visueller Auslesung, etwa bei Wegwerf‐Teststreifen in der Medizin. Die Abtrennung störender Komponenten wird durch die zunehmenden nachhaltigen Technologien, bedingt durch natürliche Verunreinigungen, ein Muss sein. Die angestrebte unterbrechungslose Rund‐um‐die‐Uhr‐Produktion wird auf Techniken zur kontinuierlichen Trennung zurückgreifen müssen. Generell ist die Bereitstellung hochselektiver Rezeptoren eine Notwendigkeit für die analytische Chemie geworden. Mikro‐ und nanostrukturierte Nachweistechniken benötigen Rezeptoren, die nach Strukturaufklärung der hochaffinen Ligand‐Rezeptor‐Komplexe in Massenproduktion und mit definierter Qualität hergestellt werden können.