bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Dynamic Interactions Between the Southern San Andreas Fault and a Normal Fault Under the Salton Sea
Authors: Bazán Flores Luis Iván , Kyriakopoulos Christodoulos , Oglesby David D. , Meltzner Aron J. , Rockwell Thomas K. , Fletcher John M. , Brothers Daniel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe investigate the dynamic interactions between the Southern San Andreas Fault (SSAF) and a proximal normal fault (NF) beneath the Salton Sea in southern California. The NF, positioned near the SSAF terminus at Bombay Beach, exhibits 11–15 displacement events across 14 stratigraphic sequences, with a range of 0.2–1.4 m of vertical offset since ∼2–3 ka. Notably, four of these events may align temporally with SSAF earthquakes, raising questions about the possible interplay between the two faults. Utilizing dynamic rupture models, we analyze the coseismic interactions between the SSAF and NF, addressing under what conditions the SSAF induces slip on the NF. Our findings reveal that a suite of SSAF ruptures, particularly those propagating from north to south, can trigger slip on the normal fault and replicate observed vertical offsets. If the SSAF extends beneath the Salton Sea, earthquakes originating south of the NF intersection are less likely to trigger normal fault slip, although we cannot exclude this possibility. Some SSAF ruptures do not trigger discernible slip on the NF, rendering such events undetectable in the stratigraphic record. Our research contributes toward discussions regarding the seismic hazard in southern California, shedding light on the interplay between the SSAF and NF.
Earthward‐Tailward Asymmetry of Plasma Temperature in Reconnection Outflow in Earth's Magnetotail
Authors: Beyene Fekireselassie , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Runov Andrei , Artemyev Anton 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo explore the asymmetry in ion and electron heating at Earth's magnetotail at mid‐tail distances ( −30 ), we analyze near‐simultaneous observations of reconnection outflows from two opposite sides of reconnection sites at those distances using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) and Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) data. We report a pronounced temperature asymmetry between the earthward and tailward reconnection outflows. The asymmetry is more significant for electrons than for ions: Earthward moving ions are only three times hotter than tailward ones, but earthward moving electrons are 5–20 times hotter than tailward ones. The closed field‐line topology on the earthward side of the reconnection region, as opposed to the open topology on the tailward side, is likely a critical contributor to this asymmetry. These findings cast light on the underlying mechanisms of particle heating and energization in magnetotail reconnection, highlighting the significant role of Earth's dipolar magnetic field. This study offers insights for refining magnetic reconnection models, emphasizing the importance of incorporating realistic magnetic field topologies to accurately simulate the heating and energization processes observed in space plasma environments.
Martian Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Coupling in Longitude Structures: Statistical Results for the Main Ionization Peak Height
Authors: Chen Yiding , Liu Libo , Le Huijun , Zhang Ruilong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Martian ionosphere‐thermosphere (I‐T) coupling is variable due to complex variations of the driving factors such as atmospheric tides and crustal magnetic fields. In this study, variability of the I‐T coupling in longitude structures was investigated using a series of data segments of the MGS ionospheric measurements. Measurements in each data segment can cover different longitudes, and the solar forcing and local solar time just change a little. Ionospheric and thermospheric longitude variations are statistically correlated. Ionospheric peak electron density (NmM2) decreases while ionospheric main peak height (hmM2) increases with increasing neutral scale height (Hn) along longitudes. These correlated longitude variations are consistent with the photochemical coupling that Hn longitude disturbances induce ionospheric longitude structure through photochemical processes. Statistically, NmM2 is a better indicator than hmM2 for the Hn disturbances in the lower thermosphere. Hn longitude variation intensity is a crucial factor affecting the photochemical I‐T coupling in longitude structures; it is closely related to NmM2 longitude variation intensity and tends to decline with increasing altitudes. The I‐T coupling in longitude structures tends to decline near the terminator, which is in line with the declining longitude variation of Hn with increasing altitudes since hmM2 significantly increases near the terminator. Moreover, it tends to enhance at high solar activity level due to increased photoionization rate. The I‐T coupling in longitude structures also shows seasonal dependence, as seasonal variation of hmM2 can affect the Hn longitude variation intensity nearby the ionospheric main peak.
Dynamic Rupture Modeling of Large Earthquake Scenarios at the Hellenic Arc Toward Physics‐Based Seismic and Tsunami Hazard Assessment
Authors: Wirp Sara Aniko , Gabriel Alice‐Agnes , Ulrich Thomas , Lorito Stefano 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Mediterranean Hellenic Arc subduction zone (HASZ) has generated several 8 earthquakes and tsunamis. Seismic‐probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment typically utilizes uniform or stochastic earthquake models, which may not represent dynamic rupture and tsunami generation complexity. We present an ensemble of ten 3D dynamic rupture earthquake scenarios for the HASZ, utilizing a realistic slab geometry. Our simplest models use uniform along‐arc pre‐stresses or a single circular initial stress asperity. We then introduce progressively more complex models varying initial shear stress along‐arc, multiple asperities based on scale‐dependent critical slip weakening distance, and a most complex model blending all aforementioned heterogeneities. Thereby, regional initial conditions are constrained without relying on detailed geodetic locking models. Varying epicentral locations in the simplest, homogeneous model leads to different rupture speeds and moment magnitudes. We observe dynamic fault slip penetrating the shallow slip‐strengthening region and affecting seafloor uplift. Off‐fault plastic deformation can double vertical seafloor uplift. A single‐asperity model generates a 8 scenario resembling the 1303 Crete earthquake. Using along‐strike varying initial stresses results in 8.0–8.5 dynamic rupture scenarios with diverse slip rates and uplift patterns. The model with the most heterogeneous initial conditions yields a 7.5 scenario. Dynamic rupture complexity in prestress and fracture energy tends to lower earthquake magnitude but enhances tsunamigenic displacements. Our results offer insights into the dynamics of potential large Hellenic Arc megathrust earthquakes and may inform future physics‐based joint seismic and tsunami hazard assessments.
Impact of Horizontal Model Resolution on Mixing and Dispersion in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Ntaganou Nektaria , Chassignet Eric P. , Bozec Alexandra 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the importance of model horizontal resolution in mixing and dispersion is investigated by comparing two data‐assimilative high‐resolution simulations (4 and 1 km), one of which is submesoscale‐permitting. By employing both Eulerian and Lagrangian metrics, upper‐ocean differences between the mesoscale‐resolving and submesoscale‐permitting simulations are examined in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, a region of high mesoscale and submesoscale activity. Mixing in both simulations is explored by conducting Lagrangian experiments to track the generation of Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) and their associated transport barriers. Finite‐time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) fields show higher separation rates of fluid particles in the submesoscale‐permitting case, which indicate more vigorous mixing with differences being more pronounced in the shelf regions (depths ≤ 500 m). The extent of the mixing homogeneity is examined using probability density functions (PDFs) of FTLEs with results suggesting that mixing is heterogeneous in both simulations, but some homogeneity is exhibited in the submesoscale‐permitting case. The FTLE fields also indicate that chaotic advection dominates turbulent mixing in both simulations regardless of the horizontal resolution. In the submesoscale‐permitting experiment, however, smaller scale LCSs emerge as noise‐like filaments that suggest a larger turbulent mixing component than in the mesoscale‐resolving experiment. The impact of resolution is then explored by investigating the spread of oil particles at the location of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
The Overlooked Role of Moist Northerlies as a Source of Summer Rainfall in the Hyperarid Atacama Desert
Authors: Vicencio Veloso José , Böhm Christoph , Schween Jan H. , Löhnert Ulrich , Crewell Susanne 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the Atacama Desert, one of the driest places on Earth, the persistent absence of water preserves the record of environmental change, making it an invaluable proxy for studying the evolution of life on Earth. Due to the scarcity of in situ measurements and difficulties in satellite remote sensing, information on precipitation characteristics is limited even for the present climate. Guided by a case study of extreme precipitation in late January 2019, we derive a conceptual framework to explain how moisture transport combined with the diurnal circulation produces rainfall. We found a synoptic‐scale weather pattern that we named “moist northerlies” (MNs) based on surface observations, reanalysis, and high‐resolution simulation. During an MN event, moisture transport from the tropical Pacific is observed in the lower free‐troposphere in the forefront of an 850 hPa low‐pressure offshore Atacama. The diurnal circulation along the western Andean slope transports the moist free tropospheric air above the marine boundary layer inland, triggering clouds and storms. A trough over the southeast Pacific and a southward displaced Bolivian High seem to drive the MNs dynamically. Long‐term observations (1960–2020) show that most of the rainy days in the hyperarid core (75%) are triggered by MNs, occurring more frequently during neutral/La Niña conditions and phases 7‐8‐1 of the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO). A trend analysis (1991–2020) reveals that summer water vapor along the west coast of South America has increased rapidly due to the MNs, enhancing summer rainfall in Atacama. The implications of climate change and other climate variability modes are discussed.
Enhanced Interannual Variability of the Spring High‐Temperature Events Over Northeast China and the Associated Mechanisms
Authors: Wen Qixin , Chen Huopo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe spring‐high temperature events (SHTE) over northeast China (NEC) and the related local atmospheric factors including cloud cover, radiation flux, and soil moisture exhibited an increased interannual variability after 1992/93. Correlation analyses reveal that both the North Atlantic quadrupole sea surface temperature anomalies (NAQSSTA) and the spring Siberian snow depth (SSSD) had a stronger linkage with SHTE since the early 1990s. Additionally, the interannual variability of SSSD also showed an interdecadal increase, which is a key factor in the changes of interannual variability of SHTE. Further analyses showed that the NAQSSTA could excite Rossby wave via increasing low‐level atmospheric baroclinicity during 1993–2017. One branch of the wave trains propagated eastward and the other branch propagated northeastward through the Siberian high latitudes, which eventually reached NEC together and resulted in local anomalous anticyclonic circulation and sinking motion. The latter branch could contribute to the low geopotential height and cyclonic anomalies over the Siberian high latitudes, which further favored the increase of snow depth there. Subsequently, the positive snow anomalies facilitate the more occurrences of SHTE by exacerbating the meridional thickness gradient between the polar region and mid‐latitudes and then limiting the Arctic cold air to invade into the south. Meanwhile, the positive polar‐Eurasian pattern (POL) associated with higher SSSD could guide the Rossby wave train originating from the North Atlantic to propagate northeastward, which is consistent with the SHTE‐related wave train path after 1992/93. Model results further reproduce the physical processes that linking the NAQSSTA with SHTE.
Warming Asian Drylands Inducing the Delayed Retreat of East Asian Summer Monsoon and Intensifying Autumn Precipitation in Northern China
Authors: Zhang Jie , Syed Sidra , Wu Yuyang , Liu Jiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the early 21st century, there was an increase in precipitation during the retreat period of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). This study aims to explore the precipitation changes and their possible causes in the context of climate change. The findings indicate that the increased precipitation primarily occurred in the Yellow—Huai River valley during the early autumn. This corresponds to a delayed retreat of the EASM with a northward shift of 0.9°N after 2002. Notably, this anomalous changes in the EASM are associated with the significant warming in two Asian dryland regions. The warming of the central Asian dryland strengthens the midlatitude high‐pressure belt and the anomaly anticyclone over northeast Asia, which restrains the development of wave troughs and westerly cold air activity. Similarly, the warming China‐Mongolia dryland enhances the anomaly anticyclone over northeast Asia through the dry soil moisture feedback and reduced latitudinal temperature gradient. These two Asian drylands thereby hold the northward shift of the westerly jet stream and the northwest extension of the Japan Sea high and the western Pacific subtropical high. These changes result in maintaining the northward EASM circulation and driving the northwest water vapor flux from the northwest Pacific, leading to moisture convergence in northern China. The China‐Mongolia dryland warming also increases the land‐sea thermal contrast, which induces a dipole pattern over East Asia and drives the northward water vapor flux from the South Sea. As a result, the rapidly warming drylands restrict westerly activity and EASM retreat, ultimately leading to increased precipitation.
Dynamic Controls on the Asymmetry of Mouth Bars: Role of Alongshore Currents
Authors: Li Haiwei , van der Vegt Maarten , Liu Feng , Yang Qingshu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMouth bar formation is critical for channel avulsions and progradation of river deltas. The morphology of mouth bars results from different hydrodynamic forcings such as river jets, tides, and wind waves. Here we study the asymmetry of mouth bars due to alongshore currents. Adopting a numerical model, we study how alongshore propagating tides and net alongshore currents cause asymmetric mouth bar formation. The results indicate that alongshore propagating tides shift the depocenter of the mouth bar in the direction of the alongshore currents during peak ebb. Net alongshore currents shift the depocenter to its down‐current side. The main channels are oriented in the opposite direction of peak flood flows (with tides) or in the direction of the net alongshore currents (without tides). Systems highly influenced by alongshore tidal flows tend to form more and wider distributary channels which are oriented toward the direction of the alongshore ebb flows. With increased river discharge and sediment influx, the number of bifurcations and channels increases while the mouth bar is less asymmetric. We developed a predictor showing that the mouth bar asymmetry is directly proportional to alongshore currents divided by river jet velocities and the width of the river mouth. Our findings provide insights into the evolution of river deltas and contribute to the management of mouth bars and channels.
Mathematical Model of a Rectangular Double Negative Meta‐Structure for 5G Applications
Authors: Alam M. J. , Latif S. I. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article introduces the mathematical formulation of a proven rectangular double negative (DNZ) metamaterial (MTM) structure using a lumped element circuit model in terms of RLC components for millimeter‐wave (mmWave) 28 GHz applications. The structure is developed on a 0.254 mm‐thick substrate material: Rogers RT/duroid 5880 with an area of 8.7 mm2. The model accounts for different losses inherent in the system; a series resistance to take into account the losses in the conductor and a shunt resistance to describe the losses in the dielectric substrate, addressing the finite conductivity of conducting materials, the finite resistivity of the dielectric material, and the presence of a dielectric substrate with metallic rings on top. By incorporating these factors, it is possible to precisely predict the resonance frequency associated with this specific structure, however limits the formulation from being applied to other shapes. Numerical validation demonstrates a good agreement with analytical predictions, affirming the model's reliability. The study provides a robust analytical foundation and numerical validation for the double negative metamaterial unit cell, advancing the mmWave 5G wireless technology field.
Dental team barriers and enablers for the dental management of adults with severe obesity: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Malik Zanab , McBride Kate A. , Williams Kathryn , Cockrell Deborah , Collins Clare E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Broad challenges regarding the dental management of people with severe obesity experienced by general dentists have been minimally explored. The perspectives of the dental team regarding these multifaceted issues are currently unknown and they potentially impede the delivery of optimal dental care to this population and contribute to poor oral and general health.

Aims
Our qualitative study aimed to identify and explore barriers and enablers in the dental management of adults with severe obesity among dental professionals and support staff in Australia.

Methods
Focus groups and semi-structured interviews (n = 34 participants) were conducted with dental professionals (n = 23) and support staff (n = 11). Recordings were transcribed verbatim and synthesised using thematic, inductive analysis.

Results
Multiple barriers to adequate provision of dental care for people living with severe obesity in both general and specialist dental settings were identified. Key themes emerged related to the clinical challenges reported by participants in providing dental management for people living with severe obesity, appropriateness of existing bariatric dental service provision and safety of care. Enablers to access were identified, including increased availability of bariatric dental chairs, environmental modifications, education of both patients and the entire dental team and for guideline development.

Conclusion
The current study explored multiple barriers to optimal dental management of people living with severe obesity in both general and specialist dental settings. Enablers should be used to inform future practice. The optimisation of existing bariatric dental service provision requires urgent review with solutions guided by systemic change. Study findings suggest a review of current health systems, economics, access barriers, policies and procedures and education and training beyond the individual level are needed. Future directions to improve the dental management of people living with severe obesity are proposed.
G9a/DNMT1 co-targeting inhibits non-small cell lung cancer growth and reprograms tumor cells to respond to cancer-drugs through SCARA5 and AOX1
Authors: Exposito Francisco , Redrado Miriam , Serrano Diego , Calabuig-Fariñas Silvia , Bao-Caamano Aida , Gallach Sandra , Jantus-Lewintre Eloisa , Diaz-Lagares Angel , Rodriguez-Casanova Aitor , Sandoval Juan , San Jose-Eneriz Edurne , Garcia Javier , Redin Esther , Senent Yaiza , Leon Sergio , Pio Ruben , Lopez Rafael , Oyarzabal Julen , Pineda-Lucena Antonio , Agirre Xabier , Montuenga Luis M. , Prosper Felipe , Calvo Alfonso 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has significantly improved with recent therapeutic strategies; however, many patients still do not benefit from them. As a result, new treatment approaches are urgently needed. In this study, we evaluated the antitumor efficacy of co-targeting G9a and DNMT1 enzymes and its potential as a cancer drug sensitizer. We observed co-expression and overexpression of G9a and DNMT1 in NSCLC, which were associated with poor prognosis. Co-targeting G9a/DNMT1 with the drug CM-272 reduced proliferation and induced cell death in a panel of human and murine NSCLC cell lines. Additionally, the transcriptomes of these cells were reprogrammed to become highly responsive to chemotherapy (cisplatin), targeted therapy (trametinib), and epigenetic therapy (vorinostat). In vivo, CM-272 reduced tumor volume in human and murine cell-derived cancer models, and this effect was synergistically enhanced by cisplatin. The expression of SCARA5 and AOX1 was induced by CM-272, and both proteins were found to be essential for the antiproliferative response, as gene silencing decreased cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the expression of SCARA5 and AOX1 was positively correlated with each other and inversely correlated with G9a and DNMT1 expression in NSCLC patients. SCARA5 and AOX1 DNA promoters were hypermethylated in NSCLC, and SCARA5 methylation was identified as an epigenetic biomarker in tumors and liquid biopsies from NSCLC patients. Thus, we demonstrate that co-targeting G9a/DNMT1 is a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy of cancer drugs, and SCARA5 methylation could serve as a non-invasive biomarker to monitor tumor progression.
Molecular mechanism of parental H3/H4 recycling at a replication fork
Authors: Nagae Fritz , Murayama Yasuto , Terakawa Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn chromatin replication, faithful recycling of histones from parental DNA to replicated strands is essential for maintaining epigenetic information across generations. A previous experiment has revealed that disrupting interactions between the N-terminal tail of Mcm2, a subunit in DNA replication machinery, and a histone H3/H4 tetramer perturb the recycling. However, the molecular pathways and the factors that regulate the ratio recycled to each strand and the destination location are yet to be revealed. Here, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of yeast DNA replication machinery, an H3/H4 tetramer, and replicated DNA strands. The simulations demonstrated that histones are recycled via Cdc45-mediated and unmediated pathways without histone chaperones, as our in vitro biochemical assays supported. Also, RPA binding regulated the ratio recycled to each strand, whereas DNA bending by Pol ε modulated the destination location. Together, the simulations provided testable hypotheses, which are vital for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of histone recycling.