bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Length‐based body weight estimation in paediatric patients: The impact of habitus—A clinical observational trial
Authors: Schmidt A. R. , Buehler P. K. , Meyer J. , Weiss M. , Schmitz A. , Both C. P. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundPaediatric emergency tapes provide drug dosing based on the patient's estimated body weight. Unfortunately, published data revealed an unsatisfactory accuracy. A newly developed digital algorithm for weight estimation (CLAWAR) allowing a three‐staged habitus adaptation (normal, obese, or cachectic; CLAWAR‐3) demonstrated a higher accuracy for weight estimation compared to paediatric emergency tapes. However, the incidence of incorrectly evaluated habitus was 27%. A five‐staged habitus adaptation with figural images was suggested by Wells et al to improve habitus and weight estimation. Therefore, CLAWAR was modified with five habitus stages including figural images (CLAWAR‐5). We hypothized CLAWAR‐5 improves the accuracy of weight estimation.MethodsAfter obtaining informed written parental consent patients were included in this single centre, prospective clinical observation trial. Body weight estimations by CLAWAR‐3 and CLAWAR‐5 within ±10% of the actual body weight were compared. Furthermore, the incidence of correct evaluated habitus was calculated. McNemar Tests were used for statistical analysis. Results presented as median (interquartiles), P < .003 considered significant.ResultsIn total, 312 patients aged 3.3 years (0.7‐6.6), with a body length of 95.9 cm (70.0‐121.2), weighing 14.8 kg (8.1‐22.5), were included. Both CLAWAR‐3 and CLAWAR‐5 showed equivalent accuracy for weight estimation within the ±10% interval (62.2% vs 60.6%, P = .609). Despite adding figural images, the incidence of correct evaluated habitus with CLAWAR‐5 (46.8%) was worse than with CLAWAR‐3 (66.7%).ConclusionThe five‐staged habitus‐adapted method could not improve the accuracy of weight estimation. Furthermore, the error rate of habitus classification was not reduced by the implementation of figural images.
Protective effect of skin‐derived precursors on photoaging in nude mice
Authors: Wang Siyu , Zhong Jianqiao , Li Li 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesCurrently, innovative methods to prevent photoaging are needed. Skin‐derived precursors (SKP) have been shown to play a crucial role in resisting UVB‐induced apoptosis in vitro. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of SKP on preventing skin photoaging in vivo.MethodsSkin‐derived precursors from neonatal BALB/c mice were isolated, identified and intradermally transplanted with a PKH26 label to track their survival. These were then injected at different concentrations into the buttock dermis of nude mice at 2‐weekly intervals before UV irradiation. Photographs, assessment of live skin surface, histology with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the impact of SKP on wrinkles and other relevant indicators of skin photoaging.ResultsSKP exhibited a sphere‐like structure and could survive for at least 2 weeks after intradermal transplantation. A large dose of SKP transplantation (105 SKP +UV) at 2‐weekly intervals were able to ameliorate coarse UV‐induced wrinkles. Moreover, the skin smoothness value, dermal thickness and collagen percentage were significantly increased in mice that received a large dose of SKP (105 SKP +UV). UV radiation induced the mRNA expression of MMP‐13 and decreased the mRNA and protein expression of TβRII, but these effects were diminished by SKP transplantation. The transplantation of SKP could increase the mRNA of TIMP‐1.ConclusionsWe found that transplanted SKP exert a beneficial impact on preventing UV‐induced wrinkles in vivo, suggesting that SKP transplantation is a promising candidate for preventing photoaging.
Poromas with large lumens histopathologically mimicking syringocystadenoma papilliferum: Report of three cases
Authors: Arakawa Hiroki , Tanese Keiji , Miura Keiko , Ebata Satoshi , Yamada Daisuke , Masui Yuri , Tanaka Masaru , Saida Toshiaki , Ansai Shin‐ichi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe report on three patients exhibiting tumours with exophytic pedunculated structures with eroded surfaces. All cases showed the basic histopathological features of poroma accompanied by large, invaginated ductal structures lined by multiple layers of columnar or cuboidal cells. The columnar cells of invaginated ductal/cystic structures focally exhibited subtle features reminiscent of decapitation secretion along with dense infiltration of plasma cells in the surrounding stroma, mimicking syringocystadenoma papilliferum.
Japanese Financial Market Research: A Survey
Authors: Hamao Yasushi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article provides a survey of research conducted in Japanese financial markets. Until the 1990s, the academic discipline of financial economics was almost not taught in Japanese universities. A few of the first‐generation papers were simply replicating what was done in the US, but many strong papers utilizing unique institutional differences were soon published. Japan also experienced a financial and real estate bubble in the 1980s and it took close to two decades to recover from the collapse of that bubble. Some lessons from that experience are noted in this paper.
Foley catheter silicone versus latex for term outpatient induction of labour: A randomised trial
Authors: McGee Therese M , Gidaszewski Beata , Khajehei Marjan , Tse Toni , Gibbs Emma 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundBoth silicone and latex single‐balloon Foley catheters are available for cervical ripening but no literature exists to compare them. Local experience suggested more frequent insertion‐related accidental rupture of the membranes (acROM) with silicone.AimsTo compare the performance of silicone versus latex catheters with respect to acROM and other outcomes.Materials and MethodsWomen undergoing outpatient Foley catheter cervical ripening were randomised to a silicone or latex catheter. Data were collected on the primary outcome, acROM, and secondary outcomes including catheter insertion failure, unplanned hospital admission and patient‐reported discomfort, together with intrapartum fever and antibiotics for suspected chorioamnionitis along with general obstetric and neonatal outcomes.ResultsAmong 534 recruited women, acROM was significantly more common with a silicone compared to a latex catheter at 7.2% (19/265) versus 1.5% (4/269) (relative risk (RR) 4.8; 95% CI 1.7–14.0). Insertion failure was significantly less common with silicone than latex at 2.6% (7/265) versus 9.3% (25/269) (RR 0.3; 95% CI 0.1–0.6). However, when the alternative catheter was subsequently tried, the final failure rates were 1.9% silicone (5/265) versus 2.6% latex (7/269). Insertion‐related hospital admission was higher with silicone at 9.4% (25/265) than latex at 4.8% (13/269) (RR 2.1; 95% CI 1.1–4.1). All other obstetric outcomes were similar between the groups.ConclusionWhen used for cervical ripening, a silicone Foley catheter is associated with a higher rate of acROM than a latex catheter but a lower rate of insertion failure. It may, therefore, be reasonable to attempt insertion with a latex catheter initially and manage insertion failures with a silicone catheter.
Perineal trauma with vaginal birth after a previous caesarean section: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nettle Jonathan A.S. , Mcnamara Helen C. , Du Plessis Jacobus M. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThere is a paucity of information regarding perineal injuries in women who achieve vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC).AimsTo ascertain the rate of severe perineal injuries in women achieving VBAC at a major tertiary obstetric hospital, and to determine if vaginal birth is more likely to be associated with perineal injuries in women with one previous caesarean section compared with nulliparous women.Materials and MethodsA retrospective cohort study was undertaken of women with singleton pregnancies at term who delivered vaginally between 2013 and 2016. We compared nulliparous women with women who had undergone one previous caesarean section. The primary outcome analysed was the rate of third and fourth degree tears in each group. Secondary outcomes were major post‐partum haemorrhage and instrumental delivery.ResultsTotals of 10 663 nulliparous women and 629 VBAC women achieved vaginal birth. Of the VBAC women, 418 achieved their first vaginal birth (first VBAC group). Overall, there was no significant difference in the rate of third and fourth degree tears in the VBAC group compared with the nulliparous group (6.0% vs 5.6%; P = 0.73). There was no significant increase in anal sphincter injuries in the first VBAC group compared with the nulliparous group (6.0% vs 7.4%; P = 0.25).ConclusionNo overall difference in the rate of severe perineal injuries between VBAC women and nulliparous women who achieve vaginal birth was observed in this study.
Text messaging improves preoperative exercise in patients undergoing bariatric surgery
Authors: Lemanu Daniel P. , Singh Primal P. , Shao Robert Y. , Pollock Terina T. , MacCormick Andrew D. , Arroll Bruce , Hill Andrew G. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundTo investigate whether a text message intervention improves adherence to preoperative exercise advice prior to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).MethodsA single‐blinded parallel design 1:1 ratio randomized controlled trial was performed in patients undergoing LSG as a single‐stage bariatric procedure for morbid obesity. The intervention group received preoperative daily text messages. The primary outcome was adherence to preoperative exercise advice as assessed by the number of participants partaking in ≥450 metabolic equivalent minutes (METmin−1) exercise activity per week preoperatively.ResultsEighty‐eight patients were included in the analysis with 44 allocated to each arm. Adherence and exercise activity increased significantly from baseline in the exposure group (EG) but not in the control group (CG). Adherence was significantly higher in the EG at the end of the intervention period compared to the CG. Despite increased exercise activity, there was no improvement in 6‐min walk test or surgical recovery.ConclusionA daily text message intervention improved adherence to preoperative exercise advice, but this did not correlate with improved surgical recovery.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of robotic versus open hepatectomy
Authors: Wong Daniel J. , Wong Michelle J. , Choi Gi Hong , Wu Yao Ming , Lai Paul B. , Goh Brian K. P. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundTo date, there are few studies comparing the outcomes of robotic hepatectomy (RH) versus open hepatectomy (OH). We report the first systematic review and meta‐analysis comparing the outcomes of RH versus OH.MethodsA systemic review was performed of all comparative studies of RH versus OH that reported the perioperative outcome(s) of interest.ResultsSeven retrospective cohort studies were included. There was no significant difference in patients' baseline characteristics. RH was associated with a longer operation time (mean difference (MD) 61.47 min; 95% confidence interval (CI) (7.03, 115.91); P = 0.03), shorter hospital stay (MD −2.57 days; 95% CI (−3.31, −1.82); P < 0.001), lower costs, less overall (risk ratio (RR) 0.63; 95% CI (0.46, 0.86); P = 0.004), minor (RR 0.64; 95% CI (0.43, 0.95); P = 0.03) and major (RR 0.45; 95% CI (0.22, 0.94); P = 0.03) post‐operative complications compared to OH.ConclusionRH had superior perioperative outcomes and was not cost prohibitive compared to OH, but had longer operation times.
Investigation of potent odorants generated during the production of whey protein hydrolysates
Authors: Nakada Hajime , Ohata Motoko , Hosaka Mari , Ochi Hiroshi , Abe Fumiaki , Arihara Keizo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhey protein hydrolysates (WPH) were prepared from whey protein concentrate (WPC) by partial or extensive hydrolysis. WPC and two WPH types were characterized by a descriptive sensory analysis. WPC exhibited a “milky”, “sweet”, and “mild milk fat” odor, whereas extensively hydrolyzed whey protein (E‐WPH) demonstrated “cheese‐like”, “acrid odor”, and “sour” olfactory characteristics. In E‐WPH, 3‐(methylthio)‐propanal, phenylacetaldehyde, and 3‐methylbutanoic acid were specifically detected with high flavor dilution factors upon aroma extract dilution analysis. These odor‐active compounds likely contributed to the olfactory characteristics of E‐WPH, and their concentration increased together with that of their respective putative precursors: free methionine, phenylalanine, and leucine.
Dexamethasone impacts zinc levels in goats by regulating zinc transportation in the colon and the metabolism in the liver
Authors: Hua Canfeng , Geng Yali , Chen Qu , Niu Liqiong , Cai Liuping , Tao Shiyu , Ni Yingdong , Zhao Ruqian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on zinc metabolism in goats. In this study, 10 goats were randomly divided into two groups. One group was injected with dexamethasone (Dex group) and the other group was injected with saline (Con group). Dex treatment significantly decreased hepatic zinc levels (p < .01) and increased Zn transporters 1 (ZNT‐1) expression (p < .05). The concentration of zinc in the cecal and colonic contents was significantly increased (p < .05). However, zinc levels were increased only in the colon tissues (p < .05) but not in the cecal tissues (p > .05). A dramatic increase in Zrt‐, Irt‐related proteins 14 (ZIP‐14) expression (p < .05) following Dex treatment was also observed and likely induced the elevated zinc levels in the colon, and a significant reduction in Zip‐14 methylation (p < .05) may be responsible for the observed increase in Zip‐14 expression. Together, these results indicate that Dex influences zinc homeostasis by increasing hepatic ZNT‐1 and colonic ZIP‐14 expression. Additionally, these results provide valuable information for the clinical application of Dex.
Do Accruals Earnings Management Constraints and Intellectual Capital Efficiency Trigger Asymmetric Cost Behaviour? Evidence from Australia
Authors: Yang Yiru 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study examines whether accruals earnings management constraints and intellectual capital (IC) efficiency affect asymmetric cost behaviour by analysing data for the 1990 to 2016 period on firms listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. The analysis reveals that, on average, anti‐sticky cost behaviour occurs when firms have limited ability to engage in accrual earnings management to manipulate earnings in the current year. Further, IC efficiency – particularly human capital efficiency – increases the degree of cost stickiness. This study also finds that the degree of asymmetric cost behaviour is more pronounced in the post‐International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) period than in the pre‐IFRS period. The results suggest that the increased asymmetric cost behaviour in the post‐IFRS period derives from higher IC efficiency relative to the pre‐IFRS period. This study presents important implications for external stakeholders because they can consider the extent of earnings management constraints and the extent of firms’ IC efficiency as the determinants of asymmetric cost behaviour when assessing firms’ cost behaviour.
A Maturity‐level Assessment of Generalised Audit Software: Internal Audit Functions in Australia
Authors: Smidt Louis , Ahmi Aidi , Steenkamp Leandi , van der Nest D.P. , Lubbe Dave 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe advancement of information technology in today's technologically driven era has had a significant impact on the way corporate organisations are conducting their business, especially in a developed country such as Australia. Consequently, it is now almost impossible to conduct effective and efficient audits without the use of technology‐based tools in control environments that are dominated by big data and increasing volumes of electronic audit evidence. Generalised Audit Software (GAS) is one of the most frequently used technology‐based tools available for the internal audit function for tests of controls purposes. The objective of this article is to explore the maturity of the use of GAS by internal audit functions in Australia. The literature review reveals that the use of GAS by internal audit functions globally is still at a relatively low level of maturity, despite the increased adoption of information technology and the generation of big data within organisations. Similarly, the empirical results also confirm the low level of maturity in the use of GAS by internal audit functions in Australia. Only 17.4% of the respondents displayed a high level of maturity with regard to the use of GAS.
Comparison of conventional radiography and computed tomography as aids in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in 11 foals
Authors: Lean NE , Perkins NR , Ahern BJ 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundConventional radiography is currently the most common imaging modality used by veterinarians investigating foals with suspected osteomyelitis. Emerging evidence in adult horses and humans suggests computed tomography (CT) is a superior modality for evaluation of osseous changes in general. This study aimed to evaluate the potential benefits of CT versus conventional radiography in cases of osteomyelitis in foals.MethodsCases of osteomyelitis in foals under 6 months of age admitted over a 6‐year period at a single referral hospital that had both CT and conventional radiography images were retrieved. Case details and measurements of the largest area of bone lysis identified in two planes (lateromedial/sagittal and dorsopalmar/dorsal) were evaluated by three veterinarians with a range of experience.ResultsA significant difference regarding lesion size was seen on the lateromedial (LM) radiographic projections compared with the equivalent sagittal plane CT image. The LM radiographic evaluation resulted in a 37% underestimation of the area of the lesion. Additionally, use of the LM radiographic projections were 2.5‐fold more variable in the measurement area compared with CT. In general, regardless of projection, CT produced more information regarding lesion area and, in some cases, detected osseous changes that were not evident on the radiographs.Clinical relevanceLM radiographic projections are less reliable and commonly result in an under‐appreciation of lesion size and extent. CT detected lesions that were difficult or impossible to identify on radiographs and may allow improved treatment planning.
BVDV in Australian alpacas: natural infection and clinical profiles following co‐mingling with a persistently infected heifer
Authors: Evans CA , Erregger E , Hemmatzadeh F , Cockcroft PD 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAlthough predominantly a disease of cattle, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is known to infect other ruminant and camelid species such as sheep and alpacas. The aims of this study were to determine if BVDV‐naive alpacas would become acutely infected and seroconvert to the predominant Australian strain of BVDV following co‐mingling with a BVDV‐1c persistently infected (PI) heifer and to determine what, if any, clinical signs, haematological responses and selected biochemical changes occur with acute BVDV‐1c infections in alpacas.MethodsA PI heifer and four alpacas co‐mingled for 2 weeks. Weekly blood samples were collected and twice weekly clinical examinations were performed on the alpacas.ResultsSerum analysis by antibody ELISA indicated that all four alpacas were positive for BVDV‐specific antibodies between 35 and 54 days after mixing with the BVDV‐1c PI heifer. Viral antigen was detected by antigen ELISA in two alpacas on days 21 and 35 after initial mixing. In general, all the physical clinical parameters measured were normal. Serum biochemical and haematological analyses in two of the alpacas revealed marginally low sodium, chloride and elevated potassium concentrations, a lymphocytosis, monocytosis and a neutrophilia at some point during the study period in either one or both of the alpacas.ConclusionThis study showed that infection in Australian alpacas readily occurs when a BVDV‐1c PI bovine co‐mingles with naive alpacas and that acute infections are clinically mild and undetectable without serological testing.
Pleural adverse drugs reactions and protein kinase inhibitors: Identification of suspicious targets by disproportionality analysis from VigiBase
Authors: Mahé Julien , de Campaigno Emilie Patras , Chené Anne‐Laure , Montastruc Jean‐Louis , Despas Fabien , Jolliet Pascale 
Published: June 2018

AimsTo evaluate the risk of pleural disorders (PD) associated with 33 protein kinase (PK) inhibitors (PKIs) through a disproportionality analysis and to identify which PKs and pathways are involved in PKI‐induced PD.MethodsTo evaluate the risk of PD, reporting odds ratios (RORs) were calculated for 33 PKIs through data registered in the World Health Organization safety report database (VigiBase). We undertook a literature review to identify PKs that were possibly involved in PD caused by PKIs. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) between RORs and affinity data of 19 PKIs were calculated to identify the cellular target most likely to be involved in PKI‐induced PD.ResultsA total of 235 110 individual case safety reports were extracted from the database for 33 available PKIs. Among these reports, 5001 concerned PD (2.1%). Significant and positive disproportionality for PD was found for 29 of 33 PKI included in our study with top values for dasatinib [ROR = 115.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 110.1–120.8], bosutinib (ROR = 20.4; 95% CI: 15.8–26.4) and ponatinib (ROR = 12; 95% CI: 9.2–15.6). Correlation analyses between the product of dissociation constant and ROR highlighted possibly Lyn involvement in PD with PKI (r = 0.73, P = 0.0004).ConclusionsOur study showed that 28 of the 33 tested PKIs were associated with PD. Besides, the study highlighted the role of Lyn in PD caused by PKIs through an immune‐mediated process.
Se coordonner pour aider les sans‐abri : les visages variés du travail relationnel de première ligne
Authors: Farinas Luc 
Published: June 2018

SommaireDes praticiens de première ligne réalisent parfois une coordination en tentant d'aider des sans‐abri montréalais. Souvent de nature interorganisationnelle et intersectorielle, elle repose sur un travail relationnel multidirectionnel et multidimensionnel qui ne va pas de soi. Cet article vise à enrichir la compréhension de cette coordination qui peut se produire pendant les relations quotidiennes, en misant sur une approche interactionniste ainsi que sur les perspectives de ces praticiens. Il expose trois de ces dernières (l'ouverture et l'engagement, le réseautage et la procédure). Cela peut éclairer la dynamique relationnelle des réseaux émergents auxquels ils participent.