bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra‐household allocation of parental leave
Authors: Gobbi Paula E. , Parys Juliane , Schwerhoff Gregor 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe introduce childcare sharing in a collective model of household behaviour to investigate which factors make spouses increase or decrease their share of parental leave. The concern about future consumption motivates parents to invest in their human capital and to limit their leave duration. Using relative income and the age difference between spouses as distribution factors, we cannot reject Pareto efficiency in childcare sharing. Higher relative incomes and larger age differences shift the conditional leave allocation towards the relatively poorer and younger partner, respectively. Households with higher total income purchase more professional childcare.
Alternaria alternata challenge at the nasal mucosa results in eosinophilic inflammation and increased susceptibility to influenza virus infection
Authors: Ma M. , Redes J. L. , Percopo C. M. , Druey K. M. , Rosenberg H. F. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundEosinophils in the nasal mucosa are an elemental feature of allergic rhinitis.ObjectiveOur objective was to explore eosinophilic inflammation and its impact on respiratory virus infection at the nasal mucosa.MethodsInflammation in the nasal mucosae of mice was evaluated in response to repetitive stimulation with strict intranasal volumes of a filtrate of Alternaria alternata. Mice were then challenged with influenza virus.ResultsRepetitive stimulation with A. alternata resulted in eosinophil recruitment to the nasal passages in association with elevated levels of IL‐5, IL‐13 and eotaxin‐1; eosinophil recruitment was diminished in eotaxin‐1−/− mice, and abolished in Rag1−/− mice. A. alternata also resulted in elevated levels of nasal wash IgA in both wild‐type and eosinophil‐deficient ∆dblGATA mice. Interestingly, A. alternata‐treated mice responded to an influenza virus infection with profound weight loss and mortality compared to mice that received diluent alone (0% vs 100% survival, ***P < .001); the lethal response was blunted when A. alternata was heat‐inactivated. Minimal differences in virus titre were detected, and eosinophils present in the nasal passages at the time of virus inoculation provided no protection against the lethal sequelae. Interestingly, nasal wash fluids from mice treated with A. alternata included more neutrophils and higher levels of pro‐inflammatory mediators in response to virus challenge, among these, IL‐6, a biomarker for disease severity in human influenza.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceRepetitive administration of A. alternata resulted in inflammation of the nasal mucosae and unanticipated morbidity and mortality in response to subsequent challenge with influenza virus. Interestingly, and in contrast to findings in the lower airways, eosinophils recruited to the nasal passages provided no protection against lethal infection. As increased susceptibility to influenza virus among individuals with rhinitis has been the subject of several clinical reports, this model may be used for further exploration of these observations.
State of the Art on Stylized Fabrication
Authors: Bickel Bernd , Cignoni Paolo , Malomo Luigi , Pietroni Nico 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDigital fabrication devices are powerful tools for creating tangible reproductions of 3D digital models. Most available printing technologies aim at producing an accurate copy of a tridimensional shape. However, fabrication technologies can also be used to create a stylistic representation of a digital shape. We refer to this class of methods as ‘stylized fabrication methods’. These methods abstract geometric and physical features of a given shape to create an unconventional representation, to produce an optical illusion or to devise a particular interaction with the fabricated model. In this state‐of‐the‐art report, we classify and overview this broad and emerging class of approaches and also propose possible directions for future research.
Reliability of autonomic and vascular components of baroreflex sensitivity in adolescents
Authors: Oliveira Ricardo S. , Barker Alan R. , Debras Florian , O'Doherty Alexandra , Williams Craig A. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryImprovements in the autonomic and vascular systems are implicated in cardiovascular disease risk reduction. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is composed of vascular and autonomic components. This study aimed to investigate between‐ and within‐day reliability of BRS and its autonomic and vascular determinants in adolescents. Thirteen male adolescents (14·1 ± 0·5 y) participated in this study. For between‐day reliability, participants completed four experimental visits separated by a minimum of 48‐h. For within‐day reliability, participants repeated BRS assessments three times in the morning with one hour between the measures. BRS was evaluated using the cross‐spectral gain (LFgain) between blood pressure and heart rate interval. BRS was further divided into: 1) vascular component using arterial compliance (AC); and 2) autonomic component measured as LFgain divided by AC (LFgain/AC). LFgain, AC and LFgain/AC presented between‐day coefficient of variation (CV) of 20%, 17%, and 20%, respectively. Similarly, variables associated with blood pressure control, such as cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, heart rate and total peripheral resistance, presented CVs ranging from 6% to 15%. Within‐day reliability was poorer compared to between‐day for LFgain (25%), AC (25%), and LFgain/AC (31%), as well as all hemodynamic variables (CVs from 11% to 22%, except heart rate with presented CV of 6%). This study indicates suitable between‐ and within‐reliability of BRS and its autonomic and vascular determinants, as well as hemodynamic variables associated with BRS, in adolescents.
An integrated, spatio‐temporal modelling framework for analysing biological invasions
Authors: Mang Thomas , Essl Franz , Moser Dietmar , Kleinbauer Ingrid , Dullinger Stefan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimWe develop a novel modelling framework for analysing the spatio‐temporal spread of biological invasions. The framework integrates different invasion drivers and disentangles their roles in determining observed invasion patterns by fitting models to historical distribution data. As a case study application, we analyse the spread of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia).LocationCentral Europe.MethodsA lattice system represents actual landscapes with environmental heterogeneity. Modelling covers the spatio‐temporal invasion sequence in this grid and integrates the effects of environmental conditions on local invasion suitability, the role of invaded cells and spatially implicit “background” introductions as propagule sources, within‐cell invasion level bulk‐up and multiple dispersal means. A modular framework design facilitates flexible numerical representation of the modelled invasion processes and customization of the model complexity. We used the framework to build and contrast increasingly complex models, and fitted them using a Bayesian inference approach with parameters estimated by Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC).ResultsAll modelled invasion drivers codetermined the A. artemisiifolia invasion pattern. Inferences about individual drivers depended on which processes were modelled concurrently, and hence changed both quantitatively and qualitatively between models. Among others, the roles of environmental variables were assessed substantially differently subject to whether models included explicit source‐recipient cell relationships, spatio‐temporal variability in source cell strength and human‐mediated dispersal means. The largest fit improvements were found by integrating filtering effects of the environment and spatio‐temporal availability of propagule sources.Main conclusionsOur modelling framework provides a straightforward means to build integrated invasion models and address hypotheses about the roles and mutual relationships of different putative invasion drivers. Its statistical nature and generic design make it suitable for studying many observed invasions. For efficient invasion modelling, it is important to represent changes in spatio‐temporal propagule supply by explicitly tracking the species’ colonization sequence and establishment of new populations.
Prediction of memory formation based on absolute electroencephalographic phases in rhinal cortex and hippocampus outperforms prediction based on stimulus‐related phase shifts
Authors: Derner Marlene , Jahanbekam Amirhossein , Bauckhage Christian , Axmacher Nikolai , Fell Juergen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAbsolute (i.e. measured) rhinal and hippocampal phase values are predictive for memory formation. It has been an open question, whether the capability of mediotemporal structures to react to stimulus presentation with phase shifts may be similarly indicative of successful memory formation. We analysed data from 27 epilepsy patients implanted with depth electrodes in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, who performed a continuous word recognition task. Electroencephalographic phase information related to the first presentation of repeatedly presented words was used for prediction of subsequent remembering vs. forgetting applying a support vector machine. The capability to predict successful memory formation based on stimulus‐related phase shifts was compared to that based on absolute phase values. Average hippocampal phase shifts were larger and rhinal phase shifts were more accumulated for later remembered compared to forgotten trials. Nevertheless, prediction based on absolute phase values clearly outperformed phase shifts and there was no significant increase in prediction accuracies when combining both measures. Our findings indicate that absolute rhinal and hippocampal phases and not stimulus‐related phase shifts are most relevant for successful memory formation. Absolute phases possibly affect memory formation via influencing neural membrane potentials and thereby controlling the timing of neural firing.
National autonomy and democratic standardization: Should popular votes on European integration be regulated by the European Union?
Authors: Lacey Joseph 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGiven the increasing use of direct democratic devices on questions of European integration, this paper explores whether or not Member States may have good reason to agree on common regulations for popular votes of this nature. Conceiving of the European Union as a political system designed to serve the interests of states and citizens, it is argued that where direct votes have the potential to undermine the territorial, functional, normative or existential integrity of the EU, then states may have good reason to sacrifice a degree of national autonomy to adopt common regulations for certain uses of direct democracy. This leads to a case for democratic standardization across Member States when it comes to withdrawal, accession, Treaty ratification and opt‐in decisions.
Glacial loss and its effect on riparian vegetation of alpine streams
Authors: McKernan Cristina , Cooper David J. , Schweiger E. William 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Rising global temperature is expected to increase alpine glacier mass loss with cascading effects on alpine habitats and biota. Currently, there is limited information on the effects of climate change on alpine riparian vegetation including quantitative assessments of geophysical habitat context.

We measured geomorphic conditions and riparian vegetation composition of alpine streams across a chronosequence of sites supported hydrologically by glaciers, permanent snowfields (PS) and seasonal snowfields (SS) in Glacier National Park (GNP), Montana, USA. Responses in the system to possible climate‐driven shifts in hydrologic regime were identified using multivariate analyses.

Glacier‐fed streams had higher discharge and stream power and lower substrate stability than streams fed by PS and SS. Streams fed by PS supported a higher number of species than other stream types. Glacier‐fed streams were characterised by higher abundance of disturbance‐adapted shrub species than PS and SS.

By applying projections from climate models that forecast total glacial loss in GNP by 2030 to our data, we predict that stream geophysical conditions will shift, resulting in a loss of physical habitat for shrub species, an increase in habitat for herbaceous species, and ultimately a homogenisation of riparian communities in the alpine zone.

Our study identifies glaciers as drivers of alpine riverine ecosystems and highlights the importance of examining geophysical habitat linked to hydrologic regimes and glaciers to better understand the impacts to biota under future climate scenarios. We provide a framework for relating fluvial biological and hydrogeomorphic processes in the context of alpine glacial recession.
Keep your feet warm? A cryptic refugium of trees linked to a geothermal spring in an ocean of glaciers
Authors: Carcaillet Christopher , Latil Jean‐Louis , Abou Sébastien , Ali Adam , Ghaleb Bassam , Magnin Frédéric , Roiron Paul , Aubert Serge 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUp to now, the most widely accepted idea of the periglacial environment is that of treeless ecosystems such as the arctic or the alpine tundra, also called the tabula rasa paradigm. However, several palaeoecological studies have recently challenged this idea, that is, treeless environments in periglacial areas where all organisms would have been exterminated near the glacier formed during the Last Glacial Maximum, notably in the Scandinavian mountains. In the Alps, the issue of glacial refugia of trees remains unanswered. Advances in glacier reconstructions show that ice domes did not cover all upper massifs, but glaciers filled valleys. Here, we used fossils of plant and malacofauna from a travertine formation located in a high mountain region to demonstrate that trees (Pinus, Betula) grew with grasses during the Lateglacial‐Holocene transition, while the glacier fronts were 200–300 m lower. The geothermal travertine started to accumulate more than 14,500 years ago, but became progressively more meteogene about 11,500 years ago due to a change in groundwater circulation. With trees, land snails (gastropods) associated to woody or open habitats and aquatic mollusc were also present at the onset of the current interglacial, namely the Holocene. The geothermal spring, due to warm water and soil, probably favoured woody glacial ecosystems. This new finding of early tree growth, combined with other scattered proofs of the tree presence before 11,000 years ago in the western Alps, changes our view of the tree distribution in periglacial environments, supporting the notion of tree refugia on nunataks in an ocean of glaciers. Therefore, the tabula rasa paradigm must be revisited because it has important consequences on the global changes, including postglacial plant migrations and biogeochemical cycles.
Maternal viral load and hepatitis B virus mother‐to‐child transmission risk: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Hong‐Lin , Zha Man‐Li , Cai Ji‐Yu , Qin Gang 
Published: February 2018

AimThe aim of this study was to assess the relationship between maternal viral load and mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) risk in hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg)‐positive mothers.MethodsPubMed and Web of Science were systematically searched. We compared MTCT incidence between maternal hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐DNA‐positive and HBV‐DNA‐negative groups. We also examined the dose–response effect of this relationship.ResultsTwenty‐one studies with 10 142 mother–child pairs were included in the studies. The mean MTCT incidence was 13.1% in the maternal HBV‐DNA‐positive group, compared with 4.2% in the negative group. The summary MTCT odds ratio of maternal HBV‐DNA positive compared with negative was 9.895 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.333 to 18.359; Z = 7.27, P < 0.00001) by random‐effects model. In maternal HBV‐DNA <6 log10 copies/mL, 6–8 log10 copies/mL, and >8 log10 copies/mL level stratifications, the pooled MTCT incidences were 2.754% (95% CI, 1.198–4.310%; Z = 3.47, P = 0.001), 9.932% (95% CI, 6.349–13.516%; Z = 5.43, P < 0.00001), and 14.445% (95% CI, 8.317–20.572%; Z = 4.62, P < 0.00001), respectively. A significant linear dose–response association was found between maternal viral load and MTCT risk, with the points estimate of increased MTCT risk 2.705 (95% CI, 1.808–4.047) at 6 log10 copies/mL compared with reference (3 log10 copies/mL), and 7.316 (95% CI, 3.268–16.378) at 9 log10 copies/mL. A significant non‐linear dose–response association was also found between maternal viral load and HBV MTCT risk (model χ2 = 23.43, P < 0.00001).ConclusionOur meta‐analysis indicated that maternal viral load was an important risk factor for MTCT in HBeAg‐positive mothers, and maternal viral load was dose‐dependent with HBV MTCT incidence.
The effect of skin surface topography and skin colouration cues on perception of male facial age, health and attractiveness
Authors: Fink B. , Matts P. J. , Brauckmann C. , Gundlach S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies investigating the effects of skin surface topography and colouration cues on the perception of female faces reported a differential weighting for the perception of skin topography and colour evenness, where topography was a stronger visual cue for the perception of age, whereas skin colour evenness was a stronger visual cue for the perception of health. We extend these findings in a study of the effect of skin surface topography and colour evenness cues on the perceptions of facial age, health and attractiveness in males.MethodsFacial images of six men (aged 40 to 70 years), selected for co‐expression of lines/wrinkles and discolouration, were manipulated digitally to create eight stimuli, namely, separate removal of these two features (a) on the forehead, (b) in the periorbital area, (c) on the cheeks and (d) across the entire face. Omnibus (within‐face) pairwise combinations, including the original (unmodified) face, were presented to a total of 240 male and female judges, who selected the face they considered younger, healthier and more attractive.ResultsSignificant effects were detected for facial image choice, in response to skin feature manipulation. The combined removal of skin surface topography resulted in younger age perception compared with that seen with the removal of skin colouration cues, whereas the opposite pattern was found for health preference. No difference was detected for the perception of attractiveness. These perceptual effects were seen particularly on the forehead and cheeks. Removing skin topography cues (but not discolouration) in the periorbital area resulted in higher preferences for all three attributes.ConclusionSkin surface topography and colouration cues affect the perception of age, health and attractiveness in men's faces. The combined removal of these features on the forehead, cheeks and in the periorbital area results in the most positive assessments.
Homeostatic control of dendritic cell numbers and differentiation
Authors: Dress Regine J , Wong Alicia YW , Ginhoux Florent 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are a diverse family of cells that play a crucial role in linking our innate and adaptive immune system to initiate adequate T‐cell responses. They respond to pathogens by triggering the appropriate adaptive immune response that is required to clear invaders while balancing the need to limit tissue damage as a result of inflammation. Perturbation in DC regulation results in abnormal T‐cell homeostasis, leading to development of autoimmune diseases and aberrant responses to pathogens. In recent years, it has become clear that the DC family is more complex than initially thought in terms of their identification, homeostasis and functions. In this review, we discuss recent findings that improve our understanding of development, and functional specializations of conventional and plasmacytoid DCs.
NeoLiberalism and the Challenges of Managing Labour Migration in Urban Malaysia
Authors: Tedong Peter Aning , Kadir Abdul Rahim Abdul , Roslan Kazimah , Lumayag Linda A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLabour migration into Malaysia has increased rapidly in recent decades and this has affected Malaysia's government policy in managing migrants’ movement. Interestingly, Malaysia has attracted a high degree of unskilled labour, accompanied by unabated rise of undocumented migrant workers. Mitigating undocumented migration is the main aim of Malaysia's labour migration policy and therefore the focus of Malaysian government. This has impacted on how enforcement agencies work out strategies. These agencies are the forefront of Malaysia's labour migration policy but they faced a number of challenges, such as documentation, finance and manpower capability, and political intervention, which impede their ability to optimize their capabilities in enforcing the Malaysian government labour migration policy. Resolving these challenges and moving towards a long‐term labour migration policy will benefit the Malaysian state, its citizens and the labour migrants.
The life cycle of the giant water bug of northwestern Patagonian wetlands: the effect of hydroperiod and temperature regime
Authors: Jara Fabián Gastón , Perotti María Gabriela 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe analyzed the effect of hydroperiod and water temperature on the life cycle of the giant water bug Belostoma bifoveolatum in two wetlands of northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. In each wetland, we estimated adult and nymph abundance and monitored water depth and temperature throughout the study period. We determined the age structure of the giant water bug population in each wetland, and estimated the cumulative degree‐days (DD) needed for eggs to hatch and for nymphs to complete their development. Individuals of B. bifoveolatum colonized temporary wetlands at the beginning of spring when daylight lasts 12 h. The breeding period varied with hydroperiod length and showed both univoltine and bivoltine strategies, with a relatively constant breeding season. Egg‐bearing males appeared in October, carrying between 35 and 144 eggs per individual. Hatching success was high (~80% of eggs) and cumulative temperature for the hatching event was between 250 and 300 DD (which represents 3–4 weeks in nature), while complete development occurred between 800 and 1220 DD (~7–8 weeks). Individuals were more abundant in shallow and sunny patches of the wetlands, where the temperature was comparatively high, than in deeper or shaded sites. These results showed that hydroperiod duration and temperature could be good regulators of voltinism and development in B. bifoveolatum, driving the population structure of this giant water bug at the southern end of its distribution range.