bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The poplar pangenome provides insights into the evolutionary history of the genus
Authors: Zhang Bingyu , Zhu Wenxu , Diao Shu , Wu Xiaojuan , Lu Junqian , Ding ChangJun , Su Xiaohua 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe genus Populus comprises a complex amalgam of ancient and modern species that has become a prime model for evolutionary and taxonomic studies. Here we sequenced the genomes of 10 species from five sections of the genus Populus, identified 71 million genomic variations, and observed new correlations between the single-nucleotide polymorphism–structural variation (SNP–SV) density and indel–SV density to complement the SNP–indel density correlation reported in mammals. Disease resistance genes (R genes) with heterozygous loss-of-function (LOF) were significantly enriched in the 10 species, which increased the diversity of poplar R genes during evolution. Heterozygous LOF mutations in the self-incompatibility genes were closely related to the self-fertilization of poplar, suggestive of genomic control of self-fertilization in dioecious plants. The phylogenetic genome-wide SNPs tree also showed possible ancient hybridization among species in sections Tacamahaca, Aigeiros, and Leucoides. The pangenome resource also provided information for poplar genetics and breeding.
Using the wingbeat corner reflector effect to increase detection range of avian radar systems
Authors: Gong Jiangkun , Yan Jun , Li Deren , Chen Ruizhi 
Published: June 2019

Most avian radars use the resonance effect within the S‐band to estimate the maximum bird detection distance. However, the specified range (2 km) for a standard avian target (SAT) with a 0.5 kg mass and 0.025 m2 radar cross section (RCS) as reported by the US Federal Aviation Administration is too small to cover the airfield clear zone at airports. The research shows that the measured RCS value of a pigeon is 0.25 m2, and furthermore, the authors argue that Ku‐band avian radar can detect a pigeon as a SAT at a longer range, 12 km. They attribute this magnification effect on bird RCS due to the corner reflector effect related to wingbeats. During certain flapping motions, the wings and body of birds in flight act as corner reflectors; thereby, when radar echoes fall upon either face will impinge onto the other face, and subsequently reflected towards the illuminator, thus contributing considerably to bird RCS. The measured RCS of a pigeon is consistent with the theoretical RCS of a dihedral corner reflector. An expanded coverage of the avian radar larger than the main area of an airfield clear zone can improve the detection probability and reduce bird strike hazards.
Return to Work im Spannungsfeld zwischen Erwerbs- und Gesundheitsorientierung
Authors: Bartel Susanne 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Das Grundanliegen dieser Studie war es, gesundheitsbedingte Ausstiegsprozesse aus dem Erwerbsleben sowie deren Bedingungskonstellationen zu untersuchen. Der Fokus richtete sich auf die biografische Bewältigungsarbeit im Kontext der beruflichen Neuorientierung und Return to Work (RTW). Es war Ziel, u. a. Phasen, Merkmale und Mechanismen der Bewältigung einer ‚doppelten Brüchigkeit der Biografie’, d. h. die Bewältigung der chronischen Erkrankung und der vulnerablen beruflichen Situation zu beschreiben.
Methodik Für diese Untersuchung wurden 6 Frauen und 4 Männer im Alter von 25 bis 57 Jahren zu 2 verschiedenen Zeitpunkten zwischen 2011 und 2014 leitfadengestützt (episodisch-narrativ) interviewt: während ihrer medizinischen bzw. beruflichen Rehabilitation (t1) und erneut ca. ein Jahr später (t2). Übergreifendes Merkmal aller Fälle waren die sich anbahnenden bzw. bereits vollzogenen gesundheitsbedingten berufsbiografischen Einschnitte durch eine chronische muskuloskelettale Erkrankung und z. T. begleitet durch psychosomatische Beschwerden oder ausgelöst durch eine psychische Erkrankung. Den rahmenden Forschungsstil der Studie bildete die Grounded Theory 1.
Ergebnisse Der gesundheitsbedingte Ausstieg aus dem Berufsleben vollzieht sich in der Regel schleichend und ist bedingt durch komplexe Risikokonstellationen. Erst im Zusammenspiel personaler und kontextualer Einflussfaktoren baut sich ein Bedingungsrahmen des doppelten biografischen Bruchs auf. Die dadurch ausgelösten Bewältigungsherausforderungen liegen auf sozialer, biografischer und gesundheitlicher Ebene in den Bereichen des Privat- und Arbeitslebens. RTW wird als Versuchsphase erlebt, unter bedingter Gesundheit in den Arbeitsalltag zurückzukehren. Ein zentrales Ergebnis dieser Studie liegt in der Erkenntnis, dass sich in Ausstiegs- und Neuorientierungsprozessen eine Transformation der Bedeutung von Gesundheit vollzielt. Die vorliegende Ergebnisdarstellung fokussiert deren Bedeutung für den Rehabilitations- und RTW-Prozess.
Schlussfolgerung Eine erwerbsbiografische Perspektive ermöglicht es, gesundheitsbedingte Brüche als einen Statuswechsel von gesund zu krank, von leistungsstark zu leistungsgemindert zu beschreiben. Die professionellen Akteure in medizinischen und rehabilitativen Settings sollten verstärkt für die ausgelösten identitätsbildenden Prozesse, individuellen berufsbiografischen Krisen und Krankheitsbewältigungsprozesse der Betroffenen sensibilisiert werden. Es gilt, RTW nicht nur als einzigen Erfolg, zentrales Ergebnis und Abschluss des Rehabilitationsprozesses zu bewerten, sondern ihn als sich fortschreibenden Prozess beruflicher Neuorientierung unter bedingter Gesundheit zu verstehen und als einen partizipativen Begleitprozess zu gestalten.
Schlaf und Lernen in der Entwicklung
Authors: Albrecht Joëlle , Huber Reto 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Hirnentwicklung von der Kindheit über die Adoleszenz bis zum Erwachsenenalter ist komplex und wird maßgeblich durch Lernen beeinflusst. Da bei Erwachsenen der lernförderliche Effekt von Schlaf überzeugend demonstriert wurde, könnte Schlaf für Kinder aufgrund der hohen Lernanforderungen speziell wichtig sein. In der Tat zeigen Kinder einen erhöhten Schlafbedarf und klinische Befunde weisen darauf hin, dass Schlafstörungen im Kindesalter langfristige kognitive Folgen haben können. Da Lernen auf Veränderungen von Verbindungen zwischen Neuronen zurückgeht, legen wir den Fokus des folgenden Artikels auf Befunde aus der Hirnreifungs- und der kognitiven Plastizitätsforschung im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Die Evidenzen aus diesen Forschungslinien zeigen, dass Schlaf auch im Kindesalter eng mit synaptischer Plastizität verbunden ist, und werden im Lichte der Hypothese besprochen, dass der Zusammenhang zwischen Schlaf und Lernen möglicherweise im Kindesalter besonders ausgeprägt ist.
Immer müde – Narkolepsie und Hypersomnie
Authors: Hackenberg Annette 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungZu den zentralen Hypersomnien zählen Narkolepsie Typ 1 (NT1) und Typ 2 (NT2), idiopathische Hypersomnie und Kleine-Levin-Syndrom. Am häufigsten ist die NT1 mit einer Prävalenz von 1/2000. Erste Symptome treten häufig vor dem 15. Geburtstag auf. Leitsymptome sind exzessive Tagesmüdigkeit, Kataplexie (affektiver Tonusverlust), hypnagoge Halluzinationen, Schlafparalyse und fragmentierter Nachtschlaf. Die Kataplexie kann bei Kindern durch eine anhaltende faziale Hypotonie und Zungen-Protrusion gekennzeichnet sein. Der Verlust des Neurotransmitters Hypocretin im Liquor gilt als spezifischer Biomarker. Die differenzialdiagnostische Einordnung der zentralen Hypersomnien gelingt in der Regel anhand der Anamnese und der Befunde von Polysomnografie (PSG) und multiplem Schlaflatenz-Test (MSLT). Frühe Diagnosestellung und Therapie führen zu einer Verbesserung der Lebensqualität und erleichtern die Eingliederung in das Berufsleben. Die Tagesmüdigkeit kann durch regelmäßigen Nachtschlaf und kurze Schlafpausen tagsüber gelindert werden, in der Regel werden zusätzlich Stimulanzien verabreicht. Das bei der NT1 häufig eingesetzte Natriumoxybat ist auch gegen die Kataplexie wirksam.
Clostridium difficile: Antikörpertherapie und Impfungen
Authors: Reisinger Emil Christian , Ebbers Meinolf , Löbermann Micha 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infections have become much more frequent in recent years. Besides treatment with antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplant, new preventive strategies are available now. Bezlotoxumab is an antibody against toxin B and may reduce the risk of relapse by roughly 10 %. Several vaccine candidates against toxins A and B and surface-associated antigens were immunogenic and are tested in clinical trials to investigate the efficacy and safety.
Monorchismus bei einem Kater
Authors: Backhaus Sophie , Krauß Maximiljan 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungBei einem 9 Monate alten Kater, der zur Kastration in der Klinik vorgestellt
wurde, war nur der rechte Hoden im Skrotum palpierbar. Der Kater stammte aus
einer Inzuchtpaarung. Es bestand zunächst der Verdacht eines Kryptorchismus,
doch konnte durch weiterführende Untersuchungen (Ultraschall, diagnostische
Laparotomie) kein kryptorcher linker Hoden identifiziert werden. Die
histopathologische Untersuchung des entfernten rechten Hodens ergab ein
unauffälliges Organ mit Spermatogenese. Bei den im Rahmen der Laparotomie
entnommenen Gewebeproben aus dem subkutanen Gewebe des Inguinalbereichs zeigten
sich am proximalen Ende des Vas deferens nur Nebenhodenanteile mit angrenzendem
Fettgewebe. Klinisch-morphologische Kontrollen des Phänotyps unter besonderer
Betrachtung der primären Geschlechtsmerkmale sowie die Befunde eines
hCG-Stimulationstests 7 Monate nach Kastration des Katers festigten die Diagnose
eines unilateralen Monorchismus. Ursache eines Monorchismus kann eine
unilaterale testikuläre Agenesie oder eine Atrophie nach vaskulärem Insult sein.
Dieser Fall zeigt, dass dem Praktiker auch bei Routineeingriffen wie einer
Katerkastration seltene Anomalien wie ein Monorchismus begegnen können und
dieser diagnostisch zuverlässig gegenüber einem Kryptorchismus abgesichert
werden muss.
Detection of Hammondia heydorni-like oocysts in
feces of a dog with recurrent diarrhea
Authors: Steffl Martin , Nautscher Nadine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe report a male, 15-month-old American Canadian White Shepherd dog suffering
from recurrent diarrhea and anorexia. Fecal analysis revealed coccidian oocysts
of small size. Their morphology was similar to those of Hammondia
(H.) heydorni and Neospora (N.) caninum
isolates. Unsporulated oocysts had a mean length of 11.8 ± 0.96 µm
and a mean width of 11.9 ± 0.96 µm. H. heydorni infection was suggested
based on the larger size compared with N. caninum oocysts. Additionally,
real time PCR analysis for N. caninum from the fecal sample was negative.
After a single anti-coccidian treatment (0.45 mg/kg emodepside + 9 mg/kg
toltrazuril) accompanied by amoxicillin (12 mg/kg twice daily for 6 days) the
dog recovered very quickly from the disease. This case demonstrates that H.
heydorni-like oocysts may be associated with gastrointestinal disease in
canine species.
Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory, Antinociceptive, and Antipyretic Activities of Prunus persica var. nucipersica (Nectarine) Kernel
Authors: Elshamy Abdelsamed Ibrahim , Abdallah Heba Mohammed Ibrahim , El Gendy Abd El-Nasser Gaber , El-Kashak Walla , Muscatello Beatrice , De Leo Marinella , Pistelli Luisa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) is a worldwide appreciated edible subspecies, with a high nutritional value and benefits on human health due to its phenolic content. Despite the large consumption of the fruit, the potential use of its kernel is poorly studied. Herein, the potential pharmacological activities and the phenolic constituents of an alcoholic extract of kernel nectarine fruits were investigated. Administering nectarine kernel extract (50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively) in rats reduced paw edema after carrageenan injection by 11 and 47% in 1 h, 24 and 33% in 2 h, and 23 and 32% in 4 h, when compared to the controls. At the higher dose (100 mg/kg), nectarine kernel extract increased the reaction time in the hot-plate model and produced a significant decrease in the rectal temperature of the pyretic rats, while both doses produced 52 and 59% of writhing inhibition compared to the control group. Total polyphenolic (55.91 ± 5.78 mg/g) and flavonoid (29.89 ± 0.55 mg/g) content indicated that the extract is a promising source of these constituents. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, such as naringenin and apigenin glycosides. The cyanogenic glycosides amigdalin and prunasin were also detected. These results highlight the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities of nectarine kernel alcoholic extract, together with significant phenolic content, promoting its exploitation as a source of bioactive molecules.
Rapunzel Syndrome and Small Bowel Intussusceptions Due to a Cotton Thread Bezoar: A Case Report
Authors: Raghu Vineetha , Nagadi Anita N. , Kumar Ashwini Chethan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRapunzel syndrome is a rare disease in which a trichobezoar extends into the duodenum or distal small intestine. It is associated with compulsive eating of indigestible substances or pica and is more common in cases of underlying psychiatric disturbances. If left untreated, gastrointestinal bezoars with or without the Rapunzel syndrome may lead to several complications such as ulceration, perforation, peritonitis, pancreatitis, biliary obstruction, severe nutritional disturbances, and rarely intestinal obstruction. We present an exceptionally rare case of Rapunzel syndrome caused by a large cotton thread bezoar in an adolescent girl, associated with multiple jejunal intussusceptions. Further, we present a literature review of this entity. An interesting association of bezoar with intussusception is explained. Since a history of pica may not be forthcoming in all cases, it is important to be familiar with the imaging characteristics, complications, and management of bezoars.
An Odd Case of Melena: Chronic Celiac Artery Dissection and Hepatic Arterioduodenal Fistula
Authors: Kumar Lijesh , Philips Cyriac Abby , Augustine Philip 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present the case of a 54-year-old chronic alcoholic man who presented to the emergency department with intermittent melena for 3 days. Imaging revealed a large dissecting pseudoaneurysm of the common hepatic artery with an arterioduodenal fistula in the second part of the duodenum. The pseudoaneurysm and fistula were managed with refined interventional techniques, and supply to the hepatic arteries was salvaged. In cases of melena that are difficult to diagnose through traditional means, early imaging and interventional management can prove beneficial and improve short-term survival.
Drainage network position and historical connectivity explain global patterns in freshwater fishes’ range size
Authors: Carvajal-Quintero Juan , Villalobos Fabricio , Oberdorff Thierry , Grenouillet Gaël , Brosse Sébastien , Hugueny Bernard , Jézéquel Céline , Tedesco Pablo A. 
Published: June 2019

SignificanceSpecies’ geographic range size is a fundamental aspect of understanding and predicting changes in biodiversity patterns. Investigating the global drivers of geographic range size variation in freshwater fishes, we found clear evidence that current and historical connectivity are, by far, the main determinants of range size. More specifically, we found that, everything else being equal, species displaying basal position in the drainage network (i.e., lowland areas) and found in drainage basins that have had connections during Quaternary low-sea-level periods have larger range sizes than their counterparts. Our findings suggest that connectivity is the key component of riverine fish geographic range sizes. This may have important implications for evaluating the vulnerability of freshwater species to river fragmentation.
SHOC2 complex-driven RAF dimerization selectively contributes to ERK pathway dynamics
Authors: Boned del Río Isabel , Young Lucy C. , Sari Sibel , Jones Greg G. , Ringham-Terry Benjamin , Hartig Nicole , Rejnowicz Ewa , Lei Winnie , Bhamra Amandeep , Surinova Silvia , Rodriguez-Viciana Pablo 
Published: June 2019

Significance
The ERK signaling pathway is hyperactivated in a majority of cancers. However, because it mediates myriad physiological responses, the clinical efficacy of current ERK pathway inhibitors has been severely limited by toxicity. This study uncovers both SHOC2 phosphatase complex-dependent and -independent mechanisms of RAF and ERK activation that are differentially engaged in a context and spatio-temporal–dependent manner. KRAS oncogenic signaling preferentially depends on SHOC2 dependent-mechanisms, which thus presents a therapeutic opportunity. This study provides a molecular framework for how targeting the SHOC2-holophosphatase regulatory node of the RAF activation process provides a mechanism for selective inhibition of ERK signaling.
α2-Chimaerin is essential for neural stem cell homeostasis in mouse adult neurogenesis
Authors: Su Yi-Ting , Lau Shun-Fat , Ip Jacque P. K. , Cheung Kit , Cheung Tom H. T. , Fu Amy K. Y. , Ip Nancy Y. 
Published: June 2019

SignificanceAdult hippocampal neurogenesis, the lifelong generation of neurons in the dentate gyrus, is important for brain functioning, including learning, memory, and mood regulation. Its dysregulation is associated with cognitive decline and mood disorders. We discovered that the Rho GTPase-activating protein, α2-chimaerin, is essential for adult hippocampal neurogenesis, as it precisely regulates the transition of neural stem cells (NSCs) into intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs). Conditional knockout of α2-chimaerin in adult NSCs in the mouse hippocampus resulted in a loss of the Klotho-expressing NSC population and the premature differentiation of NSCs into IPCs, which impaired neuron production. These mice also exhibited compromised hippocampal synaptic plasticity and anxiety/depression-like behaviors. Thus, our findings revealed that α2-chimaerin is important in adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
Post-lexical strata
Authors: Ali Abdel-Khalig 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Building on Ali (2014, 2017), this paper proposes a Stratal OT account of the interaction between phrasal syncope and resyllabification in two dialects of Sudanese Arabic. The account expresses the connection between the two phenomena in terms of the interaction between the syncope constraint and the constraint requiring faithful mapping of input syllables. The patterns of syncope attested in the dialects indicate that these constraints have different rankings at the prosodic levels of word, φ-Phrase, ι-Phrase, and Utterance. This is evidence that the organization of post-lexical phonology is similar to that of lexical phonology; the former also consists of distinct, serially related constraint systems. The paper provides further evidence for the post-lexical stratification based on the patterns of realization of word-final clusters.
Opioid Overdose Prevention Education for Medical Students: Adopting Harm Reduction into Mandatory Clerkship Curricula
Authors: Oldfield Benjamin J. , Tetrault Jeanette M. , Wilkins Kirsten M. , Edelman E. Jennifer , Capurso Noah A. 
Published: June 2019

Background Opioid overdose deaths constitute a public health crisis in the United States. Strategies for reducing opioid-related harm are underutilized due in part to clinicians’ low knowledge about harm reduction theory and limited preparedness to prescribe naloxone. Educational interventions are needed to improve knowledge and attitudes about, and preparedness to address, opioid overdoses among medical students. Methods Informed by the Department of Veterans Affairs’ Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution (OEND) program and narrative medicine, we developed and led a mandatory workshop on harm reduction for clerkship medical students. Using validated scales, we assessed students’ knowledge and attitudes about, and preparedness to address, opioid overdoses before the workshop and 6 weeks after. Results Of 75 participating students from February through December 2017, 55 (73%) completed pre-workshop and 38 (51%) completed both pre- and post-workshop surveys. At baseline, 40 (73%) encountered patients with perceived at-risk opioid use in the previous 6 weeks, but only 11 (20%) recalled their teams prescribing naloxone for overdose prevention. Among those completing both surveys, knowledge about and preparedness to prevent overdose showed large improvement (Cohen's d = 0.85, P < .001; Cohen's d = 1.24, P < .001, respectively) and attitudes showed moderate improvement (Cohen's d = 0.32, P = .04). Discussion Educational interventions grounded in harm reduction theory can increase students’ knowledge and attitudes about, and preparedness to address, opioid overdoses.
Beyond all order asymptotics for homoclinic snaking in a Schnakenberg system
Authors: de Witt Hannes 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Using multi-scale beyond all order methods, we investigate stationary spatially localized solutions of a Schnakenberg system, a prototype reaction–diffusion system, near the onset of a subcritical Turing bifurcation. These solutions are homoclinic orbits to a homogeneous solution and passing near a periodic solution. In bifurcation diagrams, branches of these solutions commonly show two interwining snaking curves. Here we calculate the maximal range of existence for these solutions and compare our findings with numerical computations. We derive and optimally truncate a (divergent) asymptotic series of a front solution. The remainder of the truncated series is exponentially small if and only if a specific parameter range is met. This complements work on Swift–Hohenberg equations where similar results have been obtained.
Application of waste water treatment technology from exhaust electroplating and anodizing process using electro-coagulation method
Authors: Rahayu S S , Budiarti V S A , Sumiyarso B , Amrul A , Triyono E 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Production process in vehicle exhaust small industry releases waste water from xhaust tube electroplating and anodizing without any pre-treatment. It contains plating and coloring from Chroom hexavalent as much as 65,586 mg/l and lead 86,576 mg/l, which is more that the electroplated and anodized waste water quality limit of and 0,3 mg/l 0.1 mg/l for Lead concentration. In addition Chroom and Lead is categorized as toxic and dangerous waste substances. This research is aimed at studying the fundamental characteristics of Chroom and Lead separated from electroplated waste water in exhaust tube by means of electro-Coagulation. To get a comprehensive understanding of process characteristics, two intrinsic parameters are the focus of this research. This include electro-chemistry (installed voltage and current gain) and psycho-chemistry-fluid (process time and contaminant concentration). The research method involved designing assembly and fabrication of an electro-coagulation unit in the laboratory scale. It also a characteristic study of separation process by varying both electrochemistry and psycho-chemistry-fluid parameters, whilst developing a characteristic model of Chroom and lead separation. Those research stages provided measured contributions that resulted in a prototype of a compact and modular electrocoagulation device. This was designed with 5 pairs of aluminum electrodes that capable of separating chroom and lead with a gain of 88,76% and 87.54%.