bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An inductive qualitative approach to explore Nurse Practitioners views on leadership and research: An international perspective
Authors: Ryder Mary , Jacob Elisabeth , Hendricks Joyce 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the ways in which Irish and Australian Nurse Practitioners (NPs) implement leadership and research in their roles and whether there is a difference in how leadership and research are demonstrated between NPs in Ireland and Australia.BackgroundThe original concept of the NP role was to expand nursing practice in order to provide high‐quality, accessible health care to patients. This placed NPs at the crux of changes to healthcare delivery. Implementing these changes requires leadership. Research demonstrates the effects of these changes to healthcare delivery and contributes to healthcare knowledge from the nursing profession.DesignIn the qualitative phase of a mixed methods study, an interpretative descriptive approach was used to draw on participant experiences.MethodsThirty‐eight respondents agreed to be interviewed following an online survey. Ten interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke thematic analysis method. The research complied with the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research, COREQ.ResultsTen participants, five NPs from Ireland and five from Australia were interviewed. Four themes emerged from the analysis: (a) Innovative leadership, which included the categories of leadership activities, the work of NPs and trailblazers; (b) Optimism, incorporating pride in achievements, the future outlook for the role and continued innovation of NPs over time; (c) Research, which included the NP research role, research challenges, support and research leadership; and (d) Resilience, which included overcoming resistance, isolation and seeking positive support systems.ConclusionNurse Practitioners are clinical leaders focused on improving healthcare delivery for patient populations. There is a lack of understanding of the NP role. Nurse Practitioners lack confidence to be independently research active. Research by NPs requires support from nurses in academia. There is no difference in the role in Ireland and Australia.Relevance to clinical practiceNurse Practitioners are engaged in healthcare transformation. Nurse Practitioners require support from research experts in academia to make a significant contribution to nursing knowledge in healthcare delivery.
Perceptions of Australian and New Zealand clinicians caring for neonates born at the borderline of viability have changed since the 2005 consensus guideline
Authors: Hogan Sara , Lui Kei , Kent Alison L 
Published: March 2019

AimTo determine whether clinician and consumer considerations have changed regarding the resuscitation and support of neonates born at the borderlines of viability since the 2005 New South Wales (NSW) and Australian Capital Territory (ACT) consensus guidelines were developed.MethodsA prospective survey based on the hypotheses and scenarios developed in the original NSW and ACT consensus workshop on perinatal care at the borderlines of viability was sent to neonatologists, fetal medicine specialists, clinical midwife and clinical neonatal consultants and consumer representatives in Australia and New Zealand. Four scenarios and 16 questions were used to explore the respondent's views towards different aspects of the management of neonates born at the borderlines of viability. Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network data from 2013 or NSW/ACT Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUS) data from 1998 to 2004 were used to provide outcome data for each scenario.ResultsA total of 87% or more of respondents advocated for resuscitation of neonates at 24 and 25 weeks' gestation in 2015. Only 29% (49/169) would agree to parental request not to resuscitate at 25 weeks and only 10% (17/170) at 260–6 weeks. The number of perinatal clinical care providers considering resuscitation at 235 weeks' gestation increased from 23% in 2005 to more than 50% in 2015.ConclusionThese findings support the development of updated guidelines for the management of neonates in Australia and New Zealand born at the borderlines of viability to reflect the changes in clinical perceptions and management.
To be or not to be oxidized: A case study of olivine behavior in the fusion crust of ureilite A 09368 and H chondrites A 09004 and A 09502
Authors: Pittarello Lidia , Yamaguchi Akira , Roszjar Julia , Debaille Vinciane , Koeberl Christian , Claeys Philippe 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMeteorite fusion crusts are quenched melt layers formed during meteoroid atmospheric entry, mostly preserved as coating on the meteorite surface. Antarctic ureilite Asuka (A) 09368 and H chondrites A 09004 and A 09502 exhibit well preserved thick fusion crusts, characterized by extensive olivine crystallization. As olivine is one of the major components of most meteorites and its petrologic behavior is well constrained, it can be roughly considered as representative for the bulk meteorite. Thus, in this work, the evolution of olivine in fusion crusts of the above‐listed selected samples is investigated. The different shape and chemistry of olivine crystallized in the fusion crust, both as overgrown rim on relic olivine clasts and as new crystals, suggest a general temperature and cooling rate gradient. The occurrence of reverse and oscillatory zoning in individual olivine grains within the fusion crust suggests complex redox reactions. Overall, the investigated fusion crusts exhibit a general oxidation of the relatively reduced initial material. However, evidence of local reduction is preserved. Reduction is likely triggered by the presence of carbon in the ureilite or by overheating during the atmospheric entry. Constraining these processes provides a potential analog for interpreting features observed in cosmic spherules and micrometeorites and for calibrating experiments and numerical models on the formation of fusion crusts.
The spatiotemporal control of KatG2 catalase‐peroxidase contributes to the invasiveness of Fusarium graminearum in host plants
Authors: Guo Yan , Yao Shenghua , Yuan Tinglu , Wang Yanzhang , Zhang Dong , Tang Weihua 
Published: March 2019

SummaryReactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathogen‐host interactions, and play a Janus‐faced role in the resistance and susceptibility of plants to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. The ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum causes hazardous wheat Fusarium head blight worldwide. Deletion of the putative secreted catalase‐peroxidase gene in F. graminearum, KatG2, reduced the virulence in wheat spike infection. However, it remains unclear when and where KatG2 scavenges ROS during the invasion of wheat. In this study, we delineate the change in ROS levels in the transition of the infection phase under microscopic observation. Correspondingly, the pathogen switches its strategy of infection with temporal and spatial regulation of KatG2 to counteract oxidative stress generated by host plant cells. With the native promoter‐driven KatG2‐mRFP strain, we show that KatG2‐mRFP expression was induced in planta and accumulated in the infection front region at the early infection stage. In contrast to its ubiquitous cellular localization in runner hyphae, KatG2‐mRFP is exclusively located on the cell wall of invading hyphal cells, especially at the pathogen‐host cellular interface. Using posttranslational modification analysis, we found that asparagine residues at the 238 and 391 positions of KatG2 could be modified by N‐glycosylation and that these two residues are required for KatG2 accumulation and cell wall localization in planta.
Oral epithelial membrane‐associated mucins and transcriptional changes with Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Culp David J. , Stewart Carol , Wallet Shannon M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo determine expression and localization of membrane‐associated mucins within human keratinized and non‐keratinized oral epithelia, and to explore transcriptional changes associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome.Subjects and MethodsMucin transcripts and glycoproteins were determined by RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in oral keratinized (hard palate) and non‐keratinized (buccal) epithelia obtained from three cadavers. Mucin transcripts assessed by quantitative PCR were compared between cells harvested by brushing buccal and palatal epithelia of 25 female primary Sjögren's syndrome patients vs 25 healthy age‐matched female control subjects.ResultsIn hard palate, MUC4 is absent and MUC1 localized to deeper cell layers. Both mucins are within the apical layers of buccal epithelium. MUC15 is localized throughout all palatal cell layers and in all but the basal layer of buccal epithelia. MUC16, MUC20, and MUC21 glycoproteins are localized within all but the basal cell layer of both tissue types. In buccal cells of primary Sjögren's patients, MUC21 transcripts are down‐regulated 3.4‐fold and MUC20 2.6‐fold. Dysregulation of select epithelial mucins may therefore contribute to xerostomia.ConclusionsDifferential expression of multiple mucins and down‐regulation in Sjögren's syndrome support further study of oral epithelial mucin physiology and pathophysiology, including their functions in hydration and lubrication of the oral mucosal pellicle.
A “Ferguson Effect” on 2016 Presidential Vote Preference? Findings from a Framing Experiment Examining “Shy Voters” and Cues Related to Policing and Social Unrest*
Authors: Wozniak Kevin H. , Calfano Brian R. , Drakulich Kevin M. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesThis study explored the sociopolitical influence of controversies related to policing and “law and order” during the 2016 presidential campaign. Following incidences of social unrest sparked by lethal confrontations between police officers and people of color, Donald Trump condemned protesters and expressed unwavering support for the police, while Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders expressed empathy with communities of color and called for criminal justice reform.MethodWe conducted a framing experiment to test whether exposure to images designed to evoke a range of hostile to benign police–civilian interactions affected respondents’ vote preference in the lead‐up to the presidential election.ResultsWe found that exposure to an image of police–civilian interactions decreased the likelihood that a respondent would choose not to express a vote preference. This effect was most pronounced among political independents and respondents low in political awareness. We also found that exposure to a picture of the militarized police response to protesters in Ferguson, Missouri, significantly altered candidate choice, and this effect varied across political partisanship.ConclusionsWe conclude that electoral rhetoric about crime, mass protests, and “law and order” continues to be impactful in 21st‐century American politics. We also find some evidence consistent with the “shy Trump voters” hypothesis that some people were unwilling to publicly disclose their preference for Donald Trump in pre‐election polls.
Minimally invasive percutaneous medial plate rod osteosynthesis for treatment of bicondylar humeral fractures in dogs: Surgical technique and case report
Authors: Guiot Laurent P. , Guillou Reunan P. , Déjardin Loïc M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a minimally invasive surgical technique for the treatment of comminuted humeral bicondylar (also known as T‐Y) fractures in dogs and report outcome in 3 cases.Study designSurgical technique description and case report.AnimalsThree consecutive dogs with traumatic comminuted humeral T‐Y fractures.MethodsDogs that presented with a traumatic humeral T‐Y fracture were prospectively included. The condylar component of the fractures was reduced first by using a combination of percutaneous forceps and K‐wires. A transcondylar screw was applied, and epicondylar pins were preplaced medially and laterally. The metaphyseal component of the fracture was then reduced and stabilized with the pins. Finally, a bone plate was applied percutaneously along the medial humeral surface. Intraoperative fluoroscopy was used throughout surgery in all cases. Postoperative alignment in the frontal and sagittal planes was compared to the contralateral limbs. Time to clinical union, clinical outcome, and complications were recorded.ResultsThree dogs were included. Body weight ranged from 5.9 to 40 kg. Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle was identified as the primary pathology leading to the fracture in 2 cases. All cases experienced uncomplicated healing with good to excellent functional recovery.ConclusionThe reported technique was associated with good outcomes without complications in 3 cases.Clinical significanceThis study provides evidence that minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis represents an alternative to open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of comminuted humeral T‐Y fractures.
Protocol for the prospective observational clinical study: estimation of fetal weight by MRI to PREdict neonatal MACROsomia (PREMACRO study) and small-for-gestational age neonates
Authors: Kadji Caroline , Cannie Mieke M , Carlin Andrew , Jani Jacques C 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionMacrosomia refers to growth beyond a specific threshold, regardless of gestational age. These fetuses are also frequently referred to as large for gestational age (LGA). Various cut-offs have been used but for research purposes, a cut-off above the 95th centile for birth weight is often preferred because it defines 90% of the population as normal weight. The use of centiles, rather than estimated weights, also accommodates preterm macrosomic infants, although most of the complications, maternal and fetal, arise during the delivery of large babies at term. This means that accurate identification of LGA fetuses (≥95th centile) may play an important role in guiding obstetric interventions, such as induction of labour or caesarean section. Traditionally, identification of fetuses suspected of macrosomia has been based on biometric measurements using two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound (US), yet this method is rather sub-optimal. We present a protocol (V.2.1, date 19 May 2016) for the estimation of fetal weight (EFW) by MRI to PREdict neonatal MACROsomia (PREMACRO study), which is a prospective observational clinical study designed to determine whether MRI at 36 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks of gestation, as compared with 2D US, can improve the identification of LGA neonates ≥95th centile.Methods and analysisAll eligible women attending the 36-week clinic will be invited to participate in the screening study for LGA fetuses ≥95th centile and will undergo US-EFW and MRI-EFW within minutes of each other. From these estimations, a centile will be derived which will be compared with the centile of birth weight used as the gold standard. Besides birth weight, other pregnancy and neonatal outcomes will be collected and analysed. The first enrolment for the study was in May 2016. As of September 2018, 2004 women have been screened and recruited to the study. The study is due to end in April 2019.Ethics and disseminationThe study will be conducted in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonisation for good clinical practice and the appropriate regulatory requirement(s). A favourable ethical opinion was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Brugmann, reference number CE2016/44. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT02713568.
Effectiveness of universal programmes for the prevention of suicidal ideation, behaviour and mental ill health in medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Witt Katrina , Boland Alexandra , Lamblin Michelle , McGorry Patrick D , Veness Benjamin , Cipriani Andrea , Hawton Keith , Harvey Samuel , Christensen Helen , Robinson Jo 
Published: March 2019

QuestionA growing body of work suggests that medical students may be particularly at risk of mental ill health, suicidal ideation and behaviour, resulting in recent calls to develop interventions to prevent these outcomes. However, few reviews have synthesised the current evidence base regarding the effectiveness of these interventions and provided guidance to improve future intervention efforts.Study selection and analysisThe authors conducted a systematic review to identify studies of any design reporting the effectiveness of any universal intervention to address these outcomes in medical students. Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched from their respective start dates until 1 December 2017.FindingsData from 39 studies were included. Most investigated the effectiveness of relatively brief interventions designed to reduce stress; most commonly using mindfulness-based or guided meditation approaches. Only one implemented an intervention specifically designed to address suicidal ideation; none investigated the effectiveness of an intervention specifically designed to address suicidal behaviour. Five investigated the effects of curriculum-level changes. Overall, there was limited evidence of an effect for these programmes at both the postintervention and longest follow-up assessment on depression, anxiety and stress.ConclusionsRelatively brief, individually focused, mindfulness-based interventions may be effective in reducing levels of anxiety, depression and stress in medical students in the short term. Effects on suicidal ideation and behaviour, however, remain to be determined. There has been a significant lack of attention on organisational-level stressors associated with medical education and training.
Expression of LEF1 and TCF1 (TCF7) proteins associates with clinical progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zhan Yuting , Feng Juan , Lu Junmi , Xu Lina , Wang Weiyuan , Fan Songqing 
Published: March 2019

AimsOur previous study has demonstrated that β-catenin pathway was abnormally activated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The purposes of the present study are to investigate whether the alterations of LEF1 and TCF1 (TCF7) proteins, the important components of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, are associated with clinicopathological features and prognostic implications.MethodsWe collected 391 cases of NPC, 53 non-cancerous control nasopharyngeal mucosa and 28 pairs of NPC and their matched metastases, detected expression of LEF1 and TCF1 (TCF7) proteins in these tissues by immunohistochemistry. ResultsResults showed that there were significantly increased expression of both LEF1 and TCF1 (TCF7) proteins and coexpression of LEF1 and TCF1 (TCF7) in NPC than these in non-cancerous nasopharyngeal mucosa (all p<0.001), as well as LEF1 and coexpression of LEF1 and TCF1 (TCF7) in matched metastasis NPCs than these in the primary NPCs (p=0.003 and p=0.014, respectively). In addition, expression of LEF1 and the coexpression of LEF1 and TCF1 (TCF7) proteins were positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.001 and p=0.020, respectively), advanced clinical stage (p<0.003 and p=0.027, respectively) and poor survival status of patients with NPC (p<0.001 and p=0.004, respectively). Moreover, multivariate Cox regression analysis identified that the positive expression of LEF1 was the independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival of patients with NPC (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe expression of LEF1 associated positively with TCF1 (TCF7) and clinical progression of NPC, and positive expression of LEF1 protein may act as valuable independent biomarker to predict poor prognosis for patients with NPC.
Fentanyl versus remifentanil-based TIVA for pediatric scoliosis repair: does it matter?
Authors: Kars Michelle S , Villacres Mori Benjamin , Ahn Seungjun , Merwin Sara , Wendolowski Stephen , Gecelter Rachel , Rothman Alyssa , Poon Selina 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionOpioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) and acute opioid tolerance have been demonstrated extensively in patients undergoing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) repair. Remifentanil infusion has been strongly linked to both tolerance and OIH in these patients; however, the impact of using an intraoperative fentanyl infusion has not been well studied. This study aims to determine if patients undergoing operative management of AIS have decreased opioid consumption and pain scores when an intraoperative fentanyl infusion is used as compared with a remifentanil infusion.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart review of patients with AIS who underwent posterior spinal fusion. During the period January 2012–June 2013, patients received remifentanil infusion as part of total intravenous anesthesia. From July 2013 to June 2015, remifentanil was replaced by fentanyl as standard protocol. The remifentanil cohort included 37 patients and the fentanyl cohort included 25 patients. The primary outcome was the total opioid consumption (morphine equivalents) in the first 24 hours postsurgery. Secondary outcomes included mean postoperative pain score in the first 24 hours postsurgery, postoperative opioid consumption 24–48 hours after surgery, time to extubation, time to assisted ambulation, length of stay, and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.ResultsCompared with the remifentanil group, the fentanyl group had significantly higher postoperative opioid usage during the first 48 hours and significantly higher postoperative mean pain score during the first 24 hours. There was no difference between the two groups in mean pain score for 24–48 hours, extubation time, time to assisted ambulation, length of stay, or postoperative nausea and vomiting.DiscussionDespite concerns for hyperalgesia and acute tolerance, remifentanil is widely used for intraoperative opioid infusions for surgical correction of AIS. This retrospective study examined a practice change from intraoperative remifentanil to intraoperative fentanyl as a potential approach to avoid OIH. Surprisingly, patients receiving fentanyl intraoperatively showed increased postoperative opioid use and pain scores in the first 24 hours postsurgery compared with the prior cohort receiving remifentanil. Substitution of fentanyl for remifentanil during surgical correction of AIS does not appear to solve the problem of OIH or acute tolerance. Prospective studies are needed to confirm this unexpected result.