bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservation of Critical Elements of the Periodic Table
Authors: Supanchaiyamat Nontipa , Hunt Andrew J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSince its conception, the periodic table and the elements contained within it have shaped our modern lives. The use of many elements is now ubiquitous and essential for the modern technologies we have now become accustomed to. However, our use of some elements may be considered as unsustainable and their current use may create both economic and environmental pressures. The United Nations have designated 2019 the “International Year of the Periodic Table”. As such this Essay presents some important points on “critical elements” and the importance of adopting sustainable practices in the use of all elements of the periodic table. This article also highlights a number of examples of green technologies for elemental recovery and some of the challenges we must overcome to become truly sustainable across the whole periodic table.
Single‐cell redox states analyzed by fluorescence lifetime metrics and tryptophan FRET interaction with NAD(P)H
Authors: Cao Ruofan , Wallrabe Horst , Siller Karsten , Rehman Alam Shagufta , Periasamy Ammasi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRedox changes in live HeLa cervical cancer cells after doxorubicin treatment can either be analyzed by a novel fluorescence lifetime microscopy (FLIM)‐based redox ratio NAD(P)H‐a2%/FAD‐a1%, called fluorescence lifetime redox ratio or one of its components (NAD(P)H‐a2%), which is actually driving that ratio and offering a simpler and alternative metric and are both compared. Auto‐fluorescent NAD(P)H, FAD lifetime is acquired by 2‐ photon excitation and Tryptophan by 3‐photon, at 4 time points after treatment up to 60 min demonstrating early drug response to doxorubicin. Identical Fields‐of‐view (FoV) at each interval allows single‐cell analysis, showing heterogeneous responses to treatment, largely based on their initial control redox state. Based on a discrete ROI selection method, mitochondrial OXPHOS and cytosolic glycolysis are discriminated. Furthermore, putative FRET interaction and energy transfer between tryptophan residue carrying enzymes and NAD(P)H correlate with NAD(P)H‐a2%, as does the NADPH/NADH ratio, highlighting a multi‐parametric assay to track metabolic changes in live specimens. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress–associated pathway to preserve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Cao Xi , Song Li‐Ni , Zhang Yi‐Chen , Li Qi , Shi Ting‐Ting , Yang Fang‐Yuan , Yuan Ming‐Xia , Xin Zhong , Yang Jin‐Kui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious works indicated that the stress on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) affected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, there is no clear evident on the effect of the regulation of ER stress by angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the prevention of NAFLD.MethodsHepG2 cells were treated with thapsigargin (Tg) or palmitic acid (PA). We analysed ACE2 expression using Western‐blotting analyses. ER stress–related proteins were detected in ACE2 knockout mice and Ad‐ACE2‐treated db/db mice by immunofluorescence or Western‐blotting analyses. In ACE2‐overexpression HepG2 cells, the triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and glycogen content were detected by assay kits. Meanwhile, the expression of hepatic lipogenic proteins (ACCα, SREBP‐1c, FAS, and LXRα), enzymes for gluconeogenesis (PEPCK, G6Pase, and IRS2), and IKKβ/NFκB/IRS1/Akt pathway were analysed by Western‐blotting analyses.ResultsACE2 was significantly increased in Tg/PA‐induced cultured hepatocytes. Additionally, ACE2 knockout mice displayed elevated levels of ER stress, while Ad‐ACE2‐treated db/db mice showed reduced ER stress in liver. Furthermore, activation of ACE2 can ameliorate ER stress, accompanied by decreased TG content, increased intracellular glycogen, and downregulated expression of hepatic lipogenic proteins and enzymes for gluconeogenesis in Tg/PA‐induced hepatocytes. As a consequence of anti‐ER stress, the activation of ACE2 led to improved glucose and lipid metabolism through the IKKβ/NFκB/IRS1/Akt pathway.ConclusionsThis is the first time documented that ACE2 had a notable alleviating role in ER stress–induced hepatic steatosis and glucose metabolism via the IKKβ/NFκB/IRS1/Akt‐mediated pathway. This study may further provide insight into a novel underlying mechanism and a strategy for treating NAFLD.
Cardiovascular effects of SGLT‐2 inhibitors: What we have learned from cardiovascular outcome trials and what we still need to understand
Authors: Cavallari Ilaria , Maddaloni Ernesto 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe recent results of the DECLARE‐TIMI 58 trial forces a profound reflection about the cardiovascular protection conferred by SGLT‐2 inhibitors. DECLARE‐TIMI 58, the largest cardiovascular outcome trial in diabetes, failed to show a significant reduction in the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) conferred by dapagliflozin compared with placebo. However, a lower rate of hospitalization for heart failure was reported. Whilst the lack of benefits on MACE may seem in contrast with the results of previous SGLT‐2 inhibitors cardiovascular outcome trials, DECLARE clearly delineates the real cardiovascular effects of SGLT‐2 inhibitors, which mainly tackle heart failure. Differences in study design and population enrolled are crucial to correctly value each molecule and to translate results of clinical trials in daily clinical practise.
Testing for AB‐PINACA in human hair: Distribution in head hair versus pubic hair
Authors: Arbouche Nadia , Raul Jean‐Sebastien , Garnier Delphine , Kintz Pascal , Ameline Alice 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSynthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists were first identified in herbal products in 2008 advertised as a legal replacement for cannabis. These herbal incense are usually called “spice” and among these, one product in particular has gained popularity: AB‐PINACA (N‐[(2S)‐1‐Amino‐3‐methyl‐1‐oxobutan‐2‐yl]‐1‐pentyl‐1H‐indazole‐3‐carboxamide). This drug has been discovered to have a stronger binding to human cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors than ∆9‐THC.While some articles have been published regarding the presence of AB‐PINACA in biological fluids such as blood and urine, none reports the presence of AB‐PINACA in hair. We have developed and validated a method for detection of AB‐PINACA in hair using a liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry system and applied it to head and pubic hair obtained in a case of intoxication. The validation procedure demonstrated a limit of detection and a limit of quantification of 0.5 and 1 pg/mg, respectively and acceptable linearity, repeatability, and reproducibility. AB‐PINACA tested positive in the blood (5.7 ng/mL) and less than 1 ng/mL was found in urine. The analysis of the hair specimens resulted in an unusual distribution of the drug between head and pubic hair. AB‐PINACA was identified at a higher concentration in head hair (195 pg/mg) versus in pubic hair (5 pg/mg). The very low concentration of AB‐PINACA in the urine after consumption, due to rapid metabolism, could explain this infrequent distribution, as pubic hair can be contaminated by urine. In any case, it cannot be excluded that the high concentration in head hair may be due to environmental contamination.
A Carbon‐Free Li2TiO3/Li2MTi3O8 (M═Zn1/3Co2/3) Nanocomposite as High‐Rate and Long‐Life Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yin Jiangmei , Sun Pengxiao , Yang Hongcen , Wei Yunrui , Hou Peiyu , Xu Xijin 
Published: January 2019

A carbon‐free biphasic Li2TiO3/Li2MTi3O8 (M═Zn1/3Co2/3) nanocomposite has been rationally designed and successfully synthesized via co‐precipitation and solid‐state reactions, which can effectively improve the Li+ kinetics of lithium titanium oxide anodes. The biphasic intergrowth is beneficial to the size decrease of primary grains and further shortens the Li+ migration path. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) analyses confirm the enhanced Li+ diffusion coefficient as high as 4.22 × 10−11 cm2 s−1. Furthermore, the biphasic nanocomposite delivers a large reversible capacity of ≈200 mAh g−1 at a rate of 0.1 C with a low average voltage of 0.8 V (vs Li/Li+) and an outstanding cycling stability of the capacity (≈100% retention even after 500 cycles at 0.5 C). Furthermore, a superior high‐rate capability, ≈133 mAh g−1 even at a high rate of 20 C, can be achieved. The biphasic intergrowth strategy gives a new insight into developing high‐rate and durable titanium‐based anode for lithium‐ion batteries.
MR‐PET head motion correction based on co‐registration of multicontrast MR images
Authors: Chen Zhaolin , Sforazzini Francesco , Baran Jakub , Close Thomas , Shah Nadim Jon , Egan Gary F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHead motion is a major source of image artefacts in neuroimaging studies and can lead to degradation of the quantitative accuracy of reconstructed PET images. Simultaneous magnetic resonance‐positron emission tomography (MR‐PET) makes it possible to estimate head motion information from high‐resolution MR images and then correct motion artefacts in PET images. In this article, we introduce a fully automated PET motion correction method, MR‐guided MAF, based on the co‐registration of multicontrast MR images. The performance of the MR‐guided MAF method was evaluated using MR‐PET data acquired from a cohort of ten healthy participants who received a slow infusion of fluorodeoxyglucose ([18‐F]FDG). Compared with conventional methods, MR‐guided PET image reconstruction can reduce head motion introduced artefacts and improve the image sharpness and quantitative accuracy of PET images acquired using simultaneous MR‐PET scanners. The fully automated motion estimation method has been implemented as a publicly available web‐service.
Amyloid burden accelerates white matter degradation in cognitively normal elderly individuals
Authors: Vipin Ashwati , Ng Kwun Kei , Ji Fang , Shim Hee Youn , Lim Joseph K. W. , Pasternak Ofer , Zhou Juan Helen ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlterations in parietal and temporal white matter microstructure derived from diffusion tensor imaging occur in preclinical and clinical Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition and such white matter alterations are two pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. However, the relationship between these pathologies is not yet understood, partly since conventional diffusion MRI methods cannot distinguish between cellular and extracellular processes. Thus, we studied Aβ‐associated longitudinal diffusion MRI changes in Aβ‐positive (N = 21) and Aβ‐negative (N = 51) cognitively normal elderly obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset using linear mixed models. Aβ‐positivity was based on Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative amyloid‐PET recommendations using a standardized uptake value ratio cut‐off of 1.11. We used free‐water imaging to distinguish cellular and extracellular changes. We found that Aβ‐positive subjects had increased baseline right uncinate fasciculus free‐water fraction (FW), associated with worse baseline Alzheimer's disease assessment scale scores. Furthermore, Aβ‐positive subjects showed faster decrease in fractional anisotropy (FW‐corrected) in the right uncinate fasciculus and faster age‐dependent right inferior longitudinal fasciculus FW increases over time. Right inferior longitudinal fasciculus FW increases were associated with greater memory decline. Importantly, these results remained significant after controlling for gray and white matter volume and hippocampal volume. This is the first study to illustrate the influence of Aβ burden on early longitudinal (in addition to baseline) white matter changes in cognitively normal elderly individuals at‐risk of Alzheimer's disease, thus underscoring the importance of longitudinal studies in assessing microstructural alterations in individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease prior to symptoms onset.
Reaction of arylhydrazines with diaryl ditellurides in the air: Insight into bimolecular homolytic substitution on tellurium via Aryl–Te bond cleavage
Authors: Yamamoto Yuki , Sato Fumiya , Kodama Shintaro , Nomoto Akihiro , Ogawa Akiya 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe reactivity of diaryl ditelluride and diaryl telluride toward aryl radicals was studied in detail. Diphenyl ditelluride underwent a bimolecular homolytic substitution (SH2) reaction with a phenyl radical generated from phenylhydrazine in the air, to afford diphenyl telluride in excellent yield. Based on this diphenyl telluride synthesis, a one‐pot synthesis of unsymmetrical diaryl tellurides was developed by the SH2 reaction of in situ generated diphenyl telluride with arylhydrazines in the air. The selectivity of mono‐/di‐substitution and the reactivity of arylhydrazines depend on the nature of the substituents on the arylhydrazines, that is, electron‐donating or ‐withdrawing group.
Increased risk of oropharyngeal cancers mediated by oral human papillomavirus infection: Results from a Canadian study
Authors: Laprise Claudie , Madathil Sreenath Arekunnath , Schlecht Nicolas F. , Castonguay Geneviève , Soulières Denis , Nguyen‐Tan Phuc Felix , Allison Paul , Coutlée François , Hier Michael , Rousseau Marie‐Claude , Franco Eduardo L. , Nicolau Belinda 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to estimate the extent to which oral sex behavior is associated with an increased risk of oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs), and how much of the association is mediated by oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.MethodsWe used data from a hospital‐based case‐control study conducted in Montreal, Canada. Information on oral sex behaviors was collected. Oral rinse and oral brush specimens were analyzed for HPV positivity and genotyping. Logistic regression estimated the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between oral sex behaviors and OPC.ResultsOnset of oral sex practice at age 16 years or younger had an increased risk of OPCs relative to those with onset after age 30 years (OR = 2.98; 95% CI 1.37‐6.47). This association decreased (OR = 1.09; 95% CI 0.25‐4.71) when restricted to those positive for HPV.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the association between oral sex and OPC seems mediated by oral HPV infection.
Timosaponin AIII inhibits metastasis of renal carcinoma cells through suppressing cathepsin C expression by AKT/miR‐129‐5p axis
Authors: Chiang Kuang‐Chung , Lai Chung‐Yu , Chiou Hui‐Ling , Lin Chia‐Liang , Chen Yong‐Syuan , Kao Shao‐Hsuan , Hsieh Yi‐Hsien 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTimosaponin AIII (TSAIII) is a steroidal saponin that exerts anticancer activity on various cancer cells. In this study, we explore the effects of TSAIII on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. Our findings show that TSAIII treatment (<8 μM) insignificantly influenced cell viability and cell cycle distribution of human RCC cell lines 786‐O, A‐498, and ACHN. Further observations revealed that TSAIII inhibited migration and invasion of 786‐O and A‐498 cells, as well as significantly decreased the production and expression of cathepsin C (CTSC) in both the cell types. Kinase cascade analysis exhibited that PI3K/AKT activation was inhibited, but PTEN expression was increased, in response to TSAIII treatments. Combining TSAIII and PI3K inhibitors, LY294002 synergically reduced the migration and invasion of 786‐O and A‐498 cells, as well as decreased the CTSC expression in both the cell types. We also observed that miR‐129‐5p bound to CTSC gene and suppressed the expression of CTSC and demonstrated that the miR‐129‐5p expression was synergically enhanced by TSAIII and LY294002. In addition, pretreatment with antago‐miR‐129‐5p significantly restored the CTSC expression and the migration and invasion of TSAIII‐treated 786‐O cells. In conclusion, our findings reveal that TSAIII inhibits the metastatic properties of RCC cells, contributing to the inhibition of PI3K/AKT and the increase of miR‐129‐5p and the subsequent downregulation of CTSC. This suggests that TSAIII has significant antimetastatic activity against RCC cells and may be beneficial to RCC treatments.
Adenoviral delivery of adiponectin ameliorates osteogenesis around implants in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Yin Guozhu , Liu Hanghang , Li Jiayang , Liu Yao , Liu Xian , Luo En 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdiponectin (APN) has been reported to promote bone formation. However, it is difficult to utilize a conventional method that administers sufficient APN to the implant site. The present study investigated the efficacy of an APN transgene to accelerate the implant osseointegration in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.MethodsIn vitro, bone marrow stromal cells were transduced with reconstructed adenovirus (Ad‐APN‐EGFP) and osteoclast precursor RAW264.7 cells were co‐cultured with the conditioned medium secreted by transduced bone marrow stromal cells. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining and bone slice resorption assay were performed to evaluate the activity of osteoclastogenesis. In vivo, Ad‐APN‐EGFP was administered into the bone defect prior to implant placement in OVX rats. At 7 and 28 days post implantation, the femurs were harvested and prepared for a real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, hemotoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining, micro‐computed tomography analysis and biomechanical testing.ResultsThe results showed the formation and function of osteoclasts were significantly suppressed in vitro. Successful transgene expression was confirmed, and a significant increase of OCN, Runx2 and ALP expression was detected in the Ad‐APN‐EGFP group in vivo. Interestingly, we also found that the overexpression of APN decreased the expression level of potent adipogenic transcription factors such as PPARγ2 and C/EBP‐α. At 28 days after implantation, the Ad‐APN‐EGFP group revealed a significantly increased osseointegration and implant stability in OVX rats compared to the control groups (Ad‐EGFP and PBS groups).ConclusionsAPN via direct adenovirus‐mediated gene transfer could ameliorate osseointegration surrounding titanium implants in OVX‐related osteoporosis rats. Furthermore, it may be an effective strategy for promoting bone regeneration under osteoporotic conditions.
Efficient gallium‐68 radiolabeling reaction of DOTA derivatives using a resonant‐type microwave reactor
Authors: Yagi Yusuke , Shimizu Yoichi , Arimitsu Kenji , Nakamoto Yuji , Higuchi Takahiro , Togashi Kaori , Kimura Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2019

Gallium‐68 (68Ga, t1/2 = 68 min) can be easily obtained from a 68Ge/68Ga generator, and several such systems are commercially available. The use of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using 68Ga‐labeled radiopharmaceuticals is expected to increase in both preclinical and clinical settings. However, the chelation between a 68Ga cation and the bifunctional macrocyclic chelates that are used for labeling bioactive substances, such as 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid (DOTA), requires a relatively long reaction time and high temperature to achieve a high radiochemical yield. Previously, we reported on a novel resonant‐type microwave reactor that can be used for radiosynthesis and the usefulness of this reactor in the PET radiosynthesis of 18F. In the present study, the usefulness of this resonant‐type microwave reactor was evaluated for the radiolabeling of model macrocyclic chelates with 68Ga. As a result, microwave heating of resonant‐type microwave reactor notably improved the rate of the 68Ga labeling chelate reaction in a short time period of 2 minutes, compared with the use of a conventional heating method. Additionally, it was found that the use of this reactor made it possible to decrease the amount of precursors required in the reaction and to improve the molar activity of the labeled compounds.
Kinetic and thermochemical characteristics of the dissociation of Mo(CO)6 and W(CO)6
Authors: Smirnov Vladimir N. , Vlasov Pavel A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe thermal dissociation of gaseous Mo(CO)6 and W(CO)6 in an argon carrier gas, Mo(CO)6 → Mo(CO)5 + CO (1) and W(CO)6 → W(CO)5 + CO (2), is studied over temperature ranges of ∼585–685 K for (1) and ∼690−810 K for (2) at a total gas concentrations of 4 × 10−6 and 4 × 10−5 mol/cm3 by using the shock tube technique in conjunction with absorption spectrophotometry. The measured rate constants are extrapolated to the high‐pressure limit by means of a newly developed procedure, with the resultant expressions for the indicated temperature ranges reading as kd1,∞(T),[s−1] = 1016.12 ± 0.68exp[(−148.8 ± 8.1 kJ/mol)/RT] and kd2,∞(T),[s−1] = 1015.93 ± 0.63exp[(−171.7 ± 8.9 kJ/mol)/RT]. Comparison of the high‐pressure dissociation rate constants with the published data revealed a considerable discrepancy, a tentative explanation of which is given. Based on the obtained high‐pressure dissociation rate constants and the available data on the high‐pressure room‐temperature rate constants for the reverse reaction of recombination, the first bond dissociation energies for these molecules are evaluated and compared with previous determinations, both theoretical and experimental. The enthalpies of formation of Mo(CO)5 and W(CO)5 are determined: ΔfH°(Mo(CO)5, g,  298.15 K) = −644.1  ±  5.6 kJ/mol and ΔfH°(W(CO)5, g,  298.15 K) = −581.9  ±  6.6 kJ/mol. Based on the enthalpies of formation of Mo(CO)5, W(CO)5, Mo(CO)6, and W(CO)6, and the published molecular parameters of these four species, their thermochemical functions are calculated and presented in the form of NASA seven‐term polynomials.
Mandibular muscle attachments in genial advancement surgery for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Kim Cherine H. , Loree Nichole , Han Peter S. , Ostby Erin T. , Kwon Daniel I. , Inman Jared C. 
Published: January 2019

Objectives/HypothesisGenioglossus advancement is performed in select patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Surgical techniques attempt to capture the genial tubercle of the mandible; however, measurements of the genioglossus, geniohyoid, and digastric muscles are poorly delineated. This investigation is the largest anatomic study exploring the muscles of genial advancement surgery and the first to quantitatively characterize muscular attachments relative to the tubercle, providing new insights from an anatomic perspective on optimizing muscular advancement.Study DesignCadaveric study.MethodsFifty‐three fresh cadaveric mandibles underwent dissection of the genial tubercle and genioglossus, geniohyoid, and digastric muscles.ResultsGenial tubercle, geniohyoid, and genioglossus mean height was 7.78 mm, 5.15 mm, and 6.11 mm, respectively. On average, the geniohyoid began 4.88 mm and ended 10.03 mm from the inferior border of the mandible; the genioglossus 11.91 mm and 18.01 mm, similarly. Intermuscular distance, if present, was 2.67 mm; the muscles overlapped in 28% of cadavers. The combined vertical height of the muscles at their mandibular attachment was 13.94 mm, significantly differing from the height of the genial tubercle. The left and right lateral insertion of the digastric muscles was 19.34 mm and 19.31 mm, respectively, from midline.ConclusionsThe variable range of muscle attachments suggests that genioglossal and geniohyoid attachments extend beyond the genial tubercle and may not originate concentrically from the tubercle, but overlap and lie in very close proximity. Mandibular anterior muscle attachments require anatomic accuracy and an effective operative evaluation of advancement before reproducible, clinically effective osteotomies can be recommended.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:2424–2429, 2019