bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with lower COVID-19 vaccine uptake among populations with a migration background in the Netherlands
Authors: Smagge Bente , Labuschagne Lisanne , Pijpers Joyce , van Roon Annika , van den Hof Susan , Hahné Susan , de Melker Hester 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn high income countries, the incidence of severe COVID-19 has been disproportionally high among persons with a migration background. We examined determinants of being unvaccinated against COVID-19 in the Netherlands among four large populations of non-Dutch origin with below average vaccination coverage.MethodsA nationwide study of determinants of being unvaccinated in the 2021 primary COVID-19 vaccination round in adults and 2022 autumn booster in those ≥60 years was performed within the Netherlands’ populations of Dutch-Caribbean, Moroccan, Surinamese and Turkish origin. Using vaccination registry and individual and household level sociodemographic and socioeconomic data, we examined the association between each potential determinant and being unvaccinated using multivariable logistic regression. In addition, we computed population attributable fractions (PAFs).ResultsAmong these populations of non-Dutch origin, the odds of being unvaccinated in both the primary vaccination round and the 2022 booster round were higher among younger persons, migrants with two foreign-born parents, inhabitants of highly or extremely urban areas and persons with low medical risk, lower income and lower education level. The higher odds of non-uptake for migrants with two foreign-born parents (reference: Netherlands-born child with one foreign-born parent) weakened but persisted after adjusting for socioeconomic variables in the populations of Dutch-Caribbean, Moroccan and Surinamese origin (Dutch-Caribbean: aORprimary=3.39 vs. 2.51, aORbooster=2.51 vs. 1.99, Moroccan: aORprimary=2.16 vs. 1.80, Surinamese: aORprimary=1.21 vs. 1.09, aORbooster=2.22 vs. 1.99), and inversed in the population of Turkish origin (aORprimary=1.10 vs. 0.93), while adjusting for additional variables had little effect on the estimate. Similarly to the aORs, the PAFs of young age, being a migrant with two foreign-born parents and having low income, low education level and low medical risk were highest.ConclusionAge, urbanisation level, medical risk, income, education level and migration background were associated with COVID-19 vaccination status among populations of non-Dutch origin. Socioeconomic status only partially mediated the effect of migration background. Although these findings provide some guidance to target vaccination programmes, qualitative and survey-based research is needed to further understand reasons behind lower vaccine uptake and design (community-based) interventions to improve health equity.
Diagnostic accuracy of three mpox lateral flow assays for antigen detection in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the United Kingdom
Authors: Ishara-Nshombo Elie , Somasundaran Anushri , Romero-Ramirez Alessandra , Kontogianni Konstantina , Mukadi-Bamuleka Daniel , Mukoka-Ntumba Marithé , Muhindo-Milonde Emile , Mirimo-Nguee Hugues , Parkes Jacob , Hussain Yusra , Gould Susan , Williams Christopher T. , Wooding Dominic , Nkeramahame Juvenal , Watson Mikaela , Hardwick Hayley E , Semple Malcolm G , Baillie J Kenneth , Dunning Jake , Fletcher Thomas E , Edwards Thomas , Emperador Devy M. , Kavunga-Membo Hugo , Cubas-Atienzar Ana 
Published: November 2024

SummaryBackgroundThe ongoing outbreaks of mpox, the disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV) highlight the urgent need for a rapid and low-cost MPXV diagnostic test to accurately detect and control mpox disease. In this study we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of three brands of rapid diagnostic tests for antigen detection (Ag–RDT) of MPXV.MethodsWe estimated the clinical diagnostic performance of FlowFlex Monkeypox Virus Antigen Rapid Test (ACON Biotech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China), Ecotest Monkeypox Antigen Rapid Test (Assure Tech. Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China), and STANDARD Q Monkeypox Ag Test (SD Biosensor, Inc. Republic of Korea) using skin lesion swabs (SS) and upper–respiratory tract swabs (URS) from 68 participants in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and from 16 in the United Kingdom (UK). The limit of detection (LOD) of the three Ag–RDT brands was evaluated using viral culture of the MPXV of the IIb lineage (EVAg, France).FindingsAlthough the specificity of the three Ag–RDT was high (100%), sensitivity was estimated as 15·79% (95% CI, 5·52–37·57%) for Flowflex and Ecotest and as 10·53% (95% CI, 2·94–31·39%) for Standard–Q using SS in the DRC. The sensitivity was estimated as 0.00% (95% CI, 0·0–20·6%) among URS in the DRC. In the UK, the sensitivity of the three Ag-RDT was 0.00% among SS (95% CI, 0·0–12·7%) and among URS (95% CI, 0·0–21·5%). The LOD of all Ag–RDT was determined to be 1·0× 104pfu/ml (1·3×105copies/mL) using viral culture.InterpretationNone of the three Ag–RDT reached the target clinical sensitivity and thus we do not recommend these as diagnostic or screening tool for suspected mpox cases. Marked improvement in sensitivity are needed for these Ag–RDT prior adoption. The recommended analytical LOD in the WHO target product profile (TPP) is at 106pfu/mL, being fulfilled by the three brands of Ag–RDTs suggesting that the analytical LOD stated in the TPP does not align with the desired clinical sensitivity. There remains an urgent need for accurate rapid Ag-RDTs for mpox diagnosis.
Reference interval of optimal vitamin D level for an adult population of Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Wasim Md Mohosin Ul , Haq Jalaluddin Ashraful , Pathan Md. Faruque , Sayeed Mohammed Abu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVitamin D deficiency presents a significant public health concern, especially in regions where reference intervals from Western populations may not apply due to differences in sun exposure and ethnicity. This study aimed to establish population-specific reference intervals for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and to determine a deficiency cutoff for healthy adults in Bangladesh. In a cross-sectional design, we assessed serum 25(OH)D and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels in 125 coastal fishermen (Group 1) and 371 urban residents (Group 2), comprising healthy adults aged 18 years or older. Group 1 served as a reference to establish baseline vitamin D levels, while Group 2 data aided in determining the deficiency cutoff. Measurements were conducted using chemiluminescent immunoassay, and reference intervals were calculated according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Guidelines C28-A3. The deficiency cutoff was identified at the deflection point of iPTH levels. Results indicate a reference interval for serum 25(OH)D of 15.88–45.27 ng/ml among coastal fishermen. Among urban residents, mean serum 25(OH)D was 21.53 ± 15.98 ng/ml, with iPTH levels showing significant increases below 12.16 ng/ml (95% CI: 11.04–13.28), establishing this as the deficiency cutoff. Urban residents exhibited significantly lower vitamin D levels than coastal fishermen (21.53 ng/ml vs. 27.36 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Limitations include potential selection bias due to convenience sampling and the use of chemiluminescent immunoassay instead of the gold-standard LC-MS/MS assay. This study provides the first population-specific reference intervals for serum 25(OH)D in Bangladesh, accounting for unique sun exposure patterns and ethnic factors, and sets a deficiency threshold at 12.16 ng/ml. These findings are critical for guiding targeted interventions against vitamin D deficiency in this region.
Assessment of Vaccine Managers’ Knowledge and Observance of Vaccination Norms and Standards in an Urban Health District of Yaounde (Cameroon) during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lekeumo Cheuyem Fabrice Zobel , Amani Adidja , Ajong Brian Ngongheh , Noa Otsali Raissa Katy , Nouko Ariane , Guissana Edwige Omona , Ngos Christelle Sandrine , Mohamadou Adama , Nloga Guy Stephane , Edzamba Michel Franck , Bitye Bi Mvondo Esther Andriane , Eyenga Ntsek Larissa Linda , Mouangue Christian , Nkongo Florence Kissougle 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundRoutine childhood immunization remains a highly cost-effective public health intervention. Global immunization efforts have increased the coverage of proxy antigens in recent decades. However, annual reports indicated a progressive decline in immunization coverage in Yaounde. This study aimed to identify knowledge gaps and organizational deficiencies in the implementation of routine immunization in health facilities (HFs) in the Efoulan Health District (HD) of Yaounde.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Efoulan, an urban HD of Yaounde, the capital of Cameroon, in May 2022. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect knowledge data from consenting HCWs. An observation grid was used to assess the implementation of some relevant national EPI guidelines and recommendations.ResultsA total of 46 HCWs providing vaccinations in the nine health areas of HDs were enrolled in the study. Almost all participants (93.5%) were unable to name all the diseases that the pentavalent vaccine protects against. More than half of the respondents (59%) were aware of the 15-month booster dose of the measles-rubella (MR) vaccine included in the EPI. Half of the respondents were aware of the type of antigen contained in the BCG vaccine (52%). More than two-thirds of the respondents (72%) had not identified the 6-month MR vaccine as recommended without risk for HIV+ children. Most of the respondents were not aware of the management of opened nonlyophilized vials (50%), calculation of the wastage factor (89%) or vaccine requirements (98%). Almost all the respondents (87%) had poor knowledge of vaccination norms and standards. Most of the visited HFs did not follow the monthly EPI monitoring curve (87%), did not store vaccines according to standards (80%), or had an EPI case reporting form (93%). Most of the consultants in visited HFs were not familiar with the case definitions of common vaccine- preventable diseases.ConclusionsThe implementation of routine immunization remained poor in most of the HFs in Efoulan HDs because of the lack of knowledge of the EPI norms and standards of the staff. There is a need to strengthen the capacities of HCWs through ongoing training and supervision.
The retina across the psychiatric spectrum: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kallen Nils M. , Cecere Giacomo , Palpella Dario , Rabe Finn , Georgiadis Foivos , Badstübner Paul , Edkins Victoria , Trindade Miriam , Homan Stephanie , Omlor Wolfgang , Seifritz Erich , Homan Philipp 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe identification of structural retinal layer differences between patients diagnosed with certain psychiatric disorders and healthy controls has provided a potentially promising route to the identification of biomarkers for these disorders. Optical coherence tomography has been used to study whether retinal structural differences exist in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), bipolar disorder (BPD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and alcohol and opiate use disorders. However, there is considerable variation in the amount of available evidence relating to each disorder and heterogeneity in the results obtained. We conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence across all psychiatric disorders for which data was available. The quality of the evidence was graded and key confounding variables were accounted for. Of 381 screened articles, 87 were included. The evidence was of very low to moderate quality. Meta-analyses revealed that compared to healthy controls, the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) was significantly thinner in SSD (SMD = -0.32; p<0.001), BPD (SMD = -0.4; p<0.001), OCD (SMD = -0.26; p=0.041), and ADHD (SMD = -0.48; p=0.033). Macular thickness was only significantly less in SSD (SMD = -0.59; p<0.001). pRNFL quadrant analyses revealed that reduced pRNFL thickness in SSD and BPD was most prominent in the superior and inferior quadrants. Macular subfield analyses indicated that BPD may have region-specific effects on retinal thickness. In conclusion, these findings suggest substantial retinal differences in SSD and BPD, reinforcing their potential as biomarkers in clinical settings.
Safety and Immunogenicity of Omicron Protein Vaccines in mRNA-Vaccinated Adolescents: A Phase 3, Randomised Trial
Authors: Bennett Chijioke , Chau Gordon , Clayton Erika , Chu Laurence , Alvarez Jacqueline , Hidalgo Ausberto B , Palanpurwala Khozema , Plested Joyce S. , Zhu Mingzhu , Cloney-Clark Shane , Cai Zhaohui , Kalkeri Raj , Hegazy Karim , Smith Katherine , Neal Susan , Noriega Fernando , Mallory Raburn M. , Adelglass Jeffrey M. 
Published: November 2024

SummaryObjectivesSafety and immunogenicity assessment of updated monovalent and bivalent SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in adolescents.MethodsThis phase 3, double-blinded study randomised 12–<18-year-old participants, who received ≥2 prior doses of an approved/authorised mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine, 1:1 to receive NVX-CoV2601 (XBB.1.5) or a bivalent vaccine (NVX-CoV2373 [Wuhan] + NVX-CoV2601). The primary immunogenicity endpoint was day-28 neutralizing antibody (nAb) geometric mean titres (GMTs) against XBB.1.5. Safety endpoints were solicited reactogenicity ≤7 days and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) ≤28 days post vaccination and frequency/severity of predefined AEs of special interest through day 180.ResultsOf 401 randomised participants, nAb GMTs against XBB.1.5 increased (GMFR [95% CI]) for both NVX-CoV2601 (12.2 [9.5–15.5]) and the bivalent vaccine (8.4 [6.8–10.3]); post-vaccination responses to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and the JN.1 variant were also observed. Increases in anti-spike IgG levels were comparable between the groups. Solicited and unsolicited AEs were mild to moderate, with similar occurrence among the groups. Severe and serious events were rare and unrelated to the study vaccines; no PIMMCs or myocarditis/pericarditis were reported.ConclusionsNVX-CoV2601 elicited more robust antibody responses to XBB.1.5 and ancestral virus, compared with a bivalent formulation. The safety profile within each group was consistent with the prototype vaccine (NVX-CoV2373).
Detection of TP53 mutations by IHC in acute myeloid leukemia varies with interpreter expertise and mutation status
Authors: Richman Lee P. , Waller Brianna , Lovitch Scott B. , Jambhekar Ashwini 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTP53mutations, including missense and inactivating (frameshift, splice site, and nonsense) mutations, occur in approximately 10% of myeloid neoplasms and confer adverse outcomes. Classification of myeloid neoplasms by both the World Health Organization and the International Consensus Classification standards now recognize the prognostic and therapeutic importance of early detection ofTP53mutations. p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a simple and rapid method commonly used to detect p53 mutations. More recently, sequencing via targeted panels has also seen increased use. While highly accurate, sequencing is resource intensive and not universally available. IHC represents a more accessible option for mutation detection, however previous studies have demonstrated variable accuracy, especially for inactivatingTP53mutations. Using 134 bone marrow core samples of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) evaluated forTP53mutation by a sequencing panel, we assessed the concordance of p53 IHC with sequencing as well as the inter-rater reliability for IHC intensity and percent positivity. Consistent with previous studies, we found that p53 IHC was strongly specific and modestly sensitive for missense mutations, and that overall performance improved with dedicated hematopathology training. We also found that IHC performed poorly for inactivating mutations and was even variable between cases harboring identical amino acid changes. Low predicted transcriptional activity ofTP53missense mutations correlated with a mutant pattern of IHC staining. The status of the second allele in missense mutations and variant allele fraction also affected the accuracy of p53 IHC as a surrogate forTP53allele status. AMLs expressing p53 mutations that were predicted to have low transcriptional activity correlated with reduced overall survival. Our results demonstrate limited practical utility of p53 immunohistochemistry for accurate evaluation ofTP53mutation status due to multifactorial confounders.
IL-8 as a potential link between aging and impaired influenza antibody responses in older adults
Authors: Quach Huy Quang , Goergen Krista M. , Grill Diane E. , Ovsyannikova Inna G. , Poland Gregory A. , Kennedy Richard B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundAntibody responses to MF59-adjuvanted (MF59Flu) and high-dose (HDFlu) influenza vaccines have been well-characterized in older adults, yet corresponding cellular response data remain limited.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 106 MF59Flu recipients and 112 HDFlu recipients before vaccination (Day 0), and on Days 1, 8, and 28 post-vaccination. Antibody responses were assessed on Days 0, 8, and 28 using a hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay. Eight pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IFN-α2a, IFN-γ, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, were quantified from PBMCs collected on Days 0 and 1 following stimulation with live influenza A/H3N2 virus using a multiplex assay. Associations between cytokine/chemokine levels and HAI titers were examined, along with the effect of sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and cytomegalovirus infection status.ResultsVaccine type (MF59Flu or HDFlu), sex, BMI and cytomegalovirus infection did not significantly impact cytokine and chemokine levels. However, age was positively correlated with IL-8 level on Day 1 (r = 0.24,p= 0.0003) as well as the change in IL-8 levels from Day 1 to Day 0 (r = 0.16,p= 0.021). Notably, the change in IL-8 levels was negatively associated with peak antibody responses at Day 28 (r = −0.15,p= 0.026).ConclusionOur findings underscore IL-8 as a potential link between aging and impaired antibody responses to influenza vaccination in older adults, suggesting that IL-8 inhibition could be a promising molecular intervention to improve immunogenicity and efficacy of influenza vaccines in this high-risk population.
Predicting factors of heart arrhythmia in patients with permanent heart pacemaker
Authors: Vu Thanh Tri , Le Lac Duy , Nguyen Hoang Minh Vo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeIdentify some factors predicting arrhythmia after permanent pacemaker placement to treat atrioventricular block and sinus node dysfunction.MethodsProspective study in 312 patients with permanent pacemakers due to atrioventricular block and sinus node dysfunction being monitored at Thong Nhat Hospital and Thu Duc city hospital from March 2022 to September 2022ResultsThe rate of arrhythmia after pacemaker insertion was 41%, of which 20.2% atrial fibrillation; 10.9% atrial tachycardia; 1.3% sinus arrest; 9.9% ventricular premature beats; 1.3% ventricular tachycardia and 2.2% supraventricular tachycardia. Factors that determine the possibility of arrhythmia after permanent pacemaker placement include ejection fraction index, blood potassium, blood chloride, blood HDL-Cholesterol concentration, smoking and pacemaker mode (VVIR). /DDDR).ConclusionsCardiac arrhythmia in patients with permanent pacemakers is always likely to occur, related factors predict 57.8% of the possibility of this event occurring.
Characteristic and Outcomes of Patients with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction who have Non-System Reasons for Delay in Treatment: A Report from the AHA GWTG CAD Registry
Authors: Lee Tetz C. , Jollis James G. , Hong Haoyun , Jiang Tian , Zhao Juan , Henry Timothy D. , Jacobs Alice K. , Goyal Abhinav , Granger Christopher B. , Thomas Kathie , Tamis-Holland Jacqueline E 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe past two decades have witnessed reductions in time to diagnosis and reperfusion therapy in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), largely through improvements in STEMI systems of care. While studies have demonstrated important benefits of timely coronary reperfusion in STEMI patients, those with non-system reasons for delay (NSD) are often excluded from these analyses, limiting insights into the overall quality of care for these patients.MethodsWe analyzed the NSD in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI who were enrolled in the GWTD-CAD registry from January 1st, 2019, to December 31st, 2021. We examined the patient-level characteristics and outcomes for patients with and without reported NSD. We performed multivariable logistic regression models to examine the association between NSD and in-hospital mortality, adjusting for patient demographics, clinical variables, and social factors. We then categorized hospitals into four groups based on proportion of STEMI patients with NSD and examined the hospital-level characteristics across the quartiles. We further grouped hospitals by quality metric achievement of timely coronary reperfusion and examined the rates of NSD and treatment times for each category of achievement of the quality metric.Results74,372 patients were included in the study. 17,741 (23.9%) patients were reported to have NSD. Patients with NSD were older, and more likely to be female, of Black race, and have significant comorbidities including higher rates of cardiac arrest, heart failure and cardiogenic shock on presentation. In-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with NSD (15.4% vs 2.7%), (Adjusted OR 2.78, [95% CI:2.54-3.04]). Although high-achieving hospitals (those meeting the metrics ≥75%) excluded more patients, they consistently maintained shorter treatment times, even when NSD patients were included in the analysis.ConclusionNSD in STEMI care is prevalent and linked to higher in-hospital mortality. While concerns about selective case exclusion exist, high-achieving hospitals consistently demonstrated excellent time-to-treatment even when patients with NSD are included.
Genetically predicted plasma levels of amino acids and stroke risk: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Zeheng , Zhang Yutong , Zhou Hongjie , Xu Yu , Sun Lulu , Zhang Zhen , Gao Zhongyu , Wang Suyu , Ni Jianqiang , Miao Zhigang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStroke, including ischemic stroke (IS) and small vessel stroke (SVS), is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The role of amino acids in stroke risk and outcomes is not well understood. This study investigates the causal effects of genetically determined amino acid levels on stroke and its functional outcomes using Mendelian randomization (MR). We analyzed data by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and so on. After False discovery rate (FDR) correction, we found that Higher genetically determined levels of CSF glycine (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation [SD] increase, 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.56; P=2.46×10-4), glutamate (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation [SD] increase, 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-1.87; P=9.50×10-4), glutamine (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation [SD] increase, 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-1.94; P=1.30×10-5), and phenylalanine (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation [SD] increase, 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32-1.89; P=7.37×10-7) were associated with increased risks of SVS. Higher phenylalanine (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation [SD] increase, 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-2.55; P=1.15×10-3) was linked to increased risks of worse IS functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score≥3). These findings suggest amino acids as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for stroke.