bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All sub‐nanosecond laser monolithic interconnection of OPV modules
Authors: Kubis Peter , Winter Jan , Gavrilova Anna , Hennel Markus , Schlosser Susanne , Richter Isabel , Distler Andreas , Heyder Madeleine , Kery Stefan , Lenk Peter , Geiger Stephan , Brabec Christoph J. , Huber Heinz P. , Egelhaaf Hans‐Joachim 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough green femtosecond lasers provide outstanding quality and wide processing windows for monolithic interconnection of the individual cells in organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules, they are hardly used in commercial applications, due to cost reasons. In this work, a process has been developed that allows the monolithic interconnection in OPV modules with an infrared sub‐nanosecond laser exclusively, without compromising the performance of the modules. While the photoactive layer is removed easily by green femtosecond pulses without damaging the bottom electrode, this is not possible for infrared nanosecond pulses, due to their much larger optical penetration length, which significantly exceeds the thickness of the active layer and is well absorbed by the indium tin oxide (ITO) layer. This leads to damage of the ITO bottom electrode, which in turn compromises the functionality of the module. By systematically varying single‐pulse laser fluence and spatial pulse overlap, the laser parameters are optimized in such a way that the contact area between the residues of the metal oxide bottom electrode and the silver nanowire top electrode is maximized so that the electrical resistances of the contacts are sufficiently small not to affect device performance. This is demonstrated by presenting large‐area OPV modules based on the well‐characterized reference system P3HT:PCBM that show efficiencies of up to 2.4%. This achievement opens up the way towards reliable roll‐to‐roll (R2R) laser patterning processes with sub‐nanosecond lasers and thus represents a breakthrough with respect to cost‐effective R2R manufacturing of OPV modules, due to grossly reduced investment and maintenance costs for laser sources.
New strategies for inhibition of non‐adrenergic prostate smooth muscle contraction by pharmacologic intervention
Authors: Yu Qingfeng , Gratzke Christian , Wang Yiming , Wang Xiaolong , Li Bingsheng , Strittmatter Frank , Herlemann Annika , Wang Ruixiao , Tamalunas Alexander , Waidelich Raphaela , Stief Christian G. , Hennenberg Martin 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundInhibition of prostate smooth muscle contraction by α1‐adrenoceptor antagonists (α1‐blockers) is a first‐line medical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Increased smooth muscle tone in the hyperplastic prostate may drive urethral obstruction, resulting in bladder outlet obstruction and voiding symptoms. However, efficacy of α1‐blockers is limited, as non‐adrenergic mediators including endothelin‐1 and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) increase prostate smooth muscle tension in parallel to α1‐adrenoceptors. This may maintain urethral obstruction despite therapy with α1‐blockers. Consequently, future treatment options with higher efficacy need to target α1‐adrenergic and non‐adrenergic contractions simultaneouly. Recently, several compounds were reported to inhibit adrenergic or neurogenic prostate contractions, however, their effects on non‐adrenergic contraction are unknown. Here, we examined effects of inhibitors for Rac‐GTPase, Src family kinases (SFKs), and p21‐activated kinases (PAKs) on non‐adrenergic prostate contractions.MethodsProstate tissues were obtained from radical prostatectomy. Contractions were studied in an organ bath. Viability of cultured stromal cells was assessed by CCK‐8 assay.ResultsInhibition of α1‐adrenergic contractions by Rac inhibitors EHT1864 (100 μM) and NSC23766 (100 μM), and SFK inhibitors AZM475721 (10 μM) and PP2 (10 μM) was confirmed by inhibition of methoxamine‐induced contractions. No effects of the PAK inhibitors FRAX486 (30 μM) and IPA3 (300 μM) on α1‐adrenergic contraction were confirmed by absent effects on methoxamine‐inuced contractions. EHT1864 caused inhibition of endothelin‐1‐ and U46619‐induced contractions. EHT1864 reduced the viability of stromal cells concentration‐ and time‐dependently. EHT1864 attenuated KCl‐induced contractions of prostate strips only slightly, so that toxic effects may not account alone for inhibition of agonist‐induced contractions. NSC23766 inhibited U46619‐induced contractions, but not endothelin‐1‐induced contractions. AZM475271 had no effects on endothelin‐1‐ or U46619‐induced contractions, while PP2 inhibited U46619‐ but not endothelin‐1‐induced contractions. FRAX486 caused inhibition of U46619‐induced contractions. IPA3 inhibited U46619‐, but not endothelin‐1‐induced contractions.ConclusionsOf all six inhibitors, EHT1864 seems to be most promising from a translational point of view, as it inhibited TXA2‐ and endothelin‐1‐induced besides α1‐adrenergic prostate contractions. This reflects divergent pharmacologic profiles of EHT1864 and NSC23766, although both are Rac‐GTPase inhibitors. In vivo, urodynamic effects of EHT1864 and possibly of FRAX486 may exceed those of α1‐blockers.
Evolution of cnidarian trans‐defensins: Sequence, structure and exploration of chemical space
Authors: Mitchell Michela L. , Shafee Thomas , Papenfuss Anthony T. , Norton Raymond S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMany of the small, cysteine‐rich ion‐channel modulatory peptides found in Cnidaria are distantly related to vertebrate defensins (of the trans‐defensin superfamily). Transcriptomic and proteomic studies of the endemic Australian speckled sea anemone (Oulactis sp.) yielded homologous peptides to known defensin sequences. We extended these data using existing and custom‐built hidden Markov models to extract defensin‐like families from the transcriptomes of seven endemic Australian cnidarian species. Newly sequenced transcriptomes include three species of Actiniaria (true sea anemones); the speckled anemone (Oulactis sp.), Oulactis muscosa, Dofleinia cf. armata and a species of Corallimorpharia, Rhodactis sp. We analyzed these novel defensin‐like sequences along with published homologues to study the evolution of their physico‐chemical properties in vertebrate and invertebrate fauna. The cnidarian trans‐defensins form a distinct cluster within the chemical space of the superfamily, with a unique set of motifs and biophysical properties. This cluster contains identifiable subgroups, whose distribution in chemical space also correlates with the divergent evolution of their structures. These sequences, currently restricted to cnidarians, form an evolutionarily distinct clade within the trans‐defensin superfamily.
The construction of robust mixture‐process experimental designs via genetic algorithm
Authors: Limmun Wanida , Chomtee Boonorm , Borkowski John J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMixture experiments with the presence of process variables are commonly encountered in the manufacturing industry. The experimenter who plans to conduct mixture experiments in which a process involves the combination of machines, methods, and other resources will try to find condition of design factors which make the product/process insensitive or robust to the variability transmitted into the response variable. We propose the genetic algorithm (GA) for generating robust mixture‐process experimental designs involving control and noise variables. When the noise variables, which are extremely difficult to control or not routinely controlled during the manufacturing process and may change without warning, are considered in a mixture experiment, we propose the robust design setting. When considering a robust design, the design that has a lower and flatter faction of design space curves for all levels of the controllable process variables at varying noise interaction is preferable. We evaluate the designs with respect to these criteria for both the mean model and the slope model. The evaluation demonstrates that the proposed GA designs are robust to the contribution of the interactions involving the noise variables.
Time‐Domain Spectroscopy of Mesoscopic Conductors Using Voltage Pulses
Authors: Burset Pablo , Kotilahti Janne , Moskalets Michael , Flindt Christian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe development of single‐electron sources is paving the way for a novel type of experiment in which individual electrons are emitted into a quantum‐coherent circuit. However, to facilitate further progress toward fully coherent on‐chip experiments with electrons, a detailed understanding of the quantum circuits is needed. Here, it is proposed to perform time‐domain spectroscopy of mesoscopic conductors by applying Lorentzian‐shaped voltage pulses to an input contact. Specifically, it is shown how characteristic timescales of a quantum‐coherent conductor can be extracted from the distribution of waiting times between charge pulses propagating through the circuit. To illustrate the idea, Floquet scattering theory is employed to evaluate the electron waiting times for an electronic Fabry–Pérot cavity and a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The perspectives for an experimental realization of the proposal are discussed and possible avenues for further developments are identified.
Design of motion trajectory and tracking control for underactuated cart‐pendulum system
Authors: Zhang Ancai , She Jinhua , Qiu Jianlong , Yang Chengdong , Alsaadi Fawaz 
Published: February 2019

SummaryA cart‐pendulum system is a nonlinear underactuated mechanical system with two degrees of freedom. This paper addresses the motion trajectory design and tracking control problems for this underactuated system. First, a friction‐like control law is designed for the system. Then, the characteristics of the closed‐loop control system are analyzed. Second, a new method of constructing an optimal trajectory for the system is developed. Then, a tracking control law is designed to quickly track the constructed trajectory. It guarantees that the motion control of the cart‐pendulum system is achieved along a reference trajectory. Finally, a numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results. This study constructs an optimal trajectory for the cart‐pendulum system in its whole motion space and solves the motion control objective by tracking the constructed trajectory. It has many advantages compared with other motion control methods, eg, the optimal motion control objective of the system is achieved by a single control law; and the motion process and transient characteristics (eg, the settling time) of the control system can be accurately predicted.
Google QUIC performance over a public SATCOM access
Authors: Thomas Ludovic , Dubois Emmanuel , Kuhn Nicolas , Lochin Emmanuel 
Published: February 2019

SummaryGoogle Quick UDP Internet Connections (QUIC) accounts for almost 10 % of the Internet traffic, and the protocol is not standardized at the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) yet. We distinguish Google QUIC (GQUIC) and IETF QUIC (IQUIC) since there may be differences between the two. Both Google and IETF versions run over UDP and cannot be split the way satellite systems usually do with TCP connections. The need for adapting any‐QUIC parameters needs to be evaluated. Since GQUIC is available, we analyze its behavior over a satellite communication system. In our evaluations, GQUIC quick connection establishment does not compensate an inappropriate congestion control. The resulting page downloading time doubles when using GQUIC as opposed to the performance with optimized split TCP connections. This paper concludes that specific tuning are required when any‐QUIC runs over a high bandwidth delay product (BDP) network.
A Carbon‐Dot‐Based Fluorescent Probe for the Sensitive and Selective Detection of Copper(II) Ions
Authors: Zheng Xiaochun , Liu Wenjun , Gai Qixiao , Tian Zhaoshuo , Ren Shoutian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are widely applied for the detection of heavy metal ions due to their nontoxicity, high sensitivity and stability. In this work, CDs were synthesized by a simple and green pyrolysis method without complicated post‐processing procedures and characterized by transmission electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV‐visible spectrophotometer and fluorescence spectroscopy. The CDs exhibited a relatively narrow size distribution of 3.5‐8.6 nm with an average size of 6.1 nm and their surface was decorated with abundant functional groups such as hydroxy and amino groups. They exhibited a strong fluorescent peak at 468 nm with a quantum yield of 25% under 365 nm UV irradiation. The CDs exhibited a strong fluorescence response to 70 μM Cu2+ with the sensitivity up to 77% due to the complexation between the amino groups decorated on the CD surface and the adsorbed copper ions. They also exhibited short response times of less than 1 min, high response selectivity and good stability.
Eu3+ Photoluminescence in LiGd(WO4)2 with Scheelite‐Related Structure
Authors: Tiwari Hansnath , Naidu Salla Asiri , Varadaraju Upadhyayula Venkata 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA comparative study of Eu3+ photoluminescence in the Scheelite‐type oxides LiGd(WO4)2 and LiGd(MoO4)2 is made. From the emission results, it is observed that the 5D0→7F2 electric dipole transition at 615 nm is predominant in both cases. The critical concentration of Eu3+ is found to be x=0.3 in both LiGd1‐xEux(WO4)2 as well as LiGd1‐xEux(MoO4)2 . The emission intensity of Eu3+ is higher in the tungstate host lattice vis a vis the molybdate. In addition, the emission intensity of Eu3+ in LiGd0.7Eu0.3(WO4)2 is 3.3 times higher compared to that of Y2O3:0.05Eu3+ commercial red phosphor.
Barrier contactless dielectrophoresis: A new approach to particle separation
Authors: Podoynitsyn Sergey N. , Sorokina Olga N. , Klimov Maksim A. , Levin Igor I. , Simakin Sergey B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBarrier contactless dielectrophoresis is proposed as a method for microbiological particle separation. Design of a separation device for barrier contactless dielectrophoresis is discussed. The principle of separation device is based on formation of barriers of gradient fields in the volume of separation chamber by electrodes with passivation dielectric coating of silicon carbide. A feature of the method is absence of contact between separated samples and conductive elements of electrode structure. The proposed method is highly efficient and easy to use in comparison with dielectrophoresis on isolated structures and conventional planar systems. Computer simulation of electric field distribution over dielectrophoretic barriers is carried out, and effect of the thickness of the passivation coating on dielectrophoretic properties of barriers is shown. Forces acting on a particle (a yeast cell with a diameter of 7 μm) in separation chamber are evaluated using computer simulation data. Ability of the cell to be captured by the method of contactless barrier dielectrophoresis is theoretically predicted and confirmed experimentally, using yeast cells. The yeast cells subjected to positive dielectrophoresis can be effectively captured (up to 90%) by the separation device at the applied voltage of 20 V and 100 kHz and at flow rate of 20 mL/h.
Magnetic ionic liquids as an efficient tool for the multiresidue screening of organic contaminants in river water samples
Authors: da Silva Ana Cristine , Mafra Gabriela , Spudeit Daniel , Merib Josias , Carasek Eduardo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this study, a multiresidue analytical methodology based on magnetic ionic liquid as extraction phase and dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction, was developed for the determination of organic contaminants in river water samples by high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC‐DAD). Experimental conditions were carefully optimized using univariate and multivariate designs. A simplex‐lattice design was adopted for the optimization of disperser solvent, univariate planning was applied to pH optimization and a central composite design was used for the optimization of magnetic ionic liquid mass, extraction time and NaCl concentration added to the samples. The optimal extraction conditions were a mixture of acetonitrile/methanol 50:50 v/v as disperser solvent, pH adjusted to 6.0, 10 mg of magnetic ionic liquid, and extraction time of 180 s. The analytical parameters of merit were determined under the optimized conditions, and very acceptable results were achieved, with limits of detection ranging from 1.5 to 15 μg L−1 and determination coefficients (R2) higher than 0.992 for all 15 analytes. Precision varied from 8.6 to 17.8% and from 0.4 to 19.3% for interday (n = 9) and intraday (n = 3) assays, respectively. Relative recoveries varied from 56 to 123% in two aqueous samples, both collected in Camboriú city, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Examining the yields of growth feedback from science teachers and students' intrinsic valuing of science: Implications for student‐ and school‐level science achievement
Authors: Burns Emma C. , Martin Andrew J. , Collie Rebecca J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractStudents' science knowledge and skills are considered critical to growing the intellectual capital on which societies rely to innovate and prosper. However, recent research has documented notable declines in students' intrinsic valuing of science and science achievement in Australia and other western countries. As a result, there have been calls to investigate factors at both the student‐ and school‐level that can improve intrinsic valuing of and achievement in science. Growth feedback from science teachers to students has been identified as one such factor. Growth feedback, which specifically targets individual student growth and improvement, is considered an effective form of teacher feedback. Because recent research has demonstrated the benefits of effective teacher feedback on intrinsic valuing of science and the positive link between intrinsic valuing of science and science achievement, the present investigation examined (at both the student‐ and school‐level) the extent to which growth feedback in science predicts intrinsic valuing of science and the extent to which intrinsic valuing predicts science achievement and mediates the relationship between growth feedback and achievement. This study examined this hypothesized process with the 2015 Australian PISA sample (N = 14,530 students in N = 758 schools) via a multilevel structural equation model. Findings indicated that at both the student‐ and school‐level, growth feedback significantly predicted intrinsic valuing, and intrinsic valuing significantly predicted achievement; growth feedback also had significant indirect effects of achievement via intrinsic valuing. Taken together, our findings indicate that there are personal and whole‐school yields for science achievement from the experiences of growth feedback in and intrinsic valuing of science.
Frontiers in data analytics for adaptation research: Topic modeling
Authors: Lesnikowski Alexandra , Belfer Ella , Rodman Emma , Smith Julie , Biesbroek Robbert , Wilkerson John D. , Ford James D. , Berrang‐Ford Lea 
Published: February 2019

Rapid growth over the past two decades in digitized textual information represents untapped potential for methodological innovations in the adaptation governance literature that draw on machine learning approaches already being applied in other areas of computational social sciences. This Focus Article explores the potential for text mining techniques, specifically topic modeling, to leverage this data for large‐scale analysis of the content of adaptation policy documents. We provide an overview of the assumptions and procedures that underlie the use of topic modeling, and discuss key areas in the adaptation governance literature where topic modeling could provide valuable insights. We demonstrate the diversity of potential applications for topic modeling with two examples that examine: (a) how adaptation is being talked about by political leaders in United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; and (b) how adaptation is being discussed by decision‐makers and public administrators in Canadian municipalities using documents collected from 25 city council archives.This article is categorized under:
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
Institutional and environmental effectiveness: Will the Paris Agreement work?
Authors: Dimitrov Radoslav , Hovi Jon , Sprinz Detlef F. , Sælen Håkon , Underdal Arild 
Published: February 2019

The 2015 Paris Agreement (PA) has been widely hailed as a diplomatic triumph and a breakthrough in global climate cooperation. However, it is commonly accepted that the PA's collective goal—keeping global warming “well below” 2°C above preindustrial levels—remains ambitious. Making matters even more challenging, in 2017, global CO2emissions resumed growth after 3 years of near standstill. In 2018, this growth accelerated. It is therefore extremely important that the PA's institutional architecture meet expectations concerning its ability to induce member countries to promise and deliver emissions reductions. This study offers a review of the rapidly growing literature on the PA, to assess its strengths and weaknesses, its significance, and its prospects. We focus on evaluations of its institutional structure and its ability to induce member countries to implement policies. We frame the issues as a trilemma: the challenge of simultaneously satisfying all three main conditions for effectiveness—broad participation, deep commitments, and satisfactory compliance rates. Based on our review, we conclude that the key challenge for the PA will likely be to facilitate sufficiently fast ratcheting‐up of nationally determined contributions, while keeping compliance rates high.This article is categorized under:Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
Effect of High Postoperative Body Temperature on Long‐Term Prognosis in Patients with Gastric Cancer After Radical Resection
Authors: Zheng Hua‐Long , Lu Jun , Li Ping , Xie Jian‐Wei , Wang Jia‐Bin , Lin Jian‐Xian , Chen Qi‐Yue , Cao Long‐Long , Lin Mi , Tu Ru‐Hong , Huang Ze‐Ning , Lin Ju‐Li , Zheng Chao‐Hui , Huang Chang‐Ming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of data on the effect of high postoperative body temperature on disease‐free survival (DFS) in patients who underwent radical gastrectomy.MethodsPatients who underwent radical gastrectomy from January 2006 to December 2011 were selected. The highest body temperature within 1 week after operation was used to establish diagnostic thresholds for high and low body temperature through X‐tile software.ResultsA total of 1396 patients were included in the analysis. The diagnostic threshold for high body temperature was defined as 38 °C; 370 patients were allocated to the high‐temperature group (HTG), while another 1026 patients were allocated to the low‐temperature group (LTG). For all patients, survival analysis showed that 5‐year DFS in the HTG was significantly lower than that for the LTG (55.6% vs 63.9%, P = 0.007). Multivariate analysis revealed that high postoperative body temperature was an independent prognostic risk factor for 5‐year DFS (HR = 1.288 (1.067–1.555), P = 0.008). For patients without complications, survival analysis showed that the 5‐year DFS rate in the HTG was lower than that for the LTG (57.5% vs 64.4%, P = 0.051), especially in patients with stage III gastric cancer (31.3% vs 41.7%, P = 0.037). For patients with complications or infectious complications, there were no significant differences between the HTG and LTG regarding 5‐year DFS (49.3% vs 58.2%, P = 0.23 and 49.4% vs 55.1%, P = 0.481, respectively).ConclusionFor stage III gastric cancer patients without complications, high postoperative body temperature can significantly reduce the 5‐year DFS. These patients may benefit from more aggressive adjuvant therapy and postoperative surveillance regimens.