bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal outcome after complete uterine rupture
Authors: Al‐Zirqi Iqbal , Daltveit Anne Kjersti , Vangen Siri 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionComplete uterine rupture, a rare peripartum complication, is often associated with a catastrophic outcome for both mother and child. However, few studies have investigated large datasets to evaluate maternal outcomes after complete ruptures, particularly in unscarred uteri. This paucity of studies is partly due to the rarity of both the event and the serious outcomes, such as peripartum hysterectomy and maternal death. The incidence of uterine rupture is expected to increase, due to increasing cesarean section rates worldwide. Thus, it is important to have more complete knowledge about the immediate maternal outcome following a complete uterine rupture. The objective was to identify maternal outcomes and their risk factors following complete uterine ruptures.Material and methodsThis was a population‐based study using data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, the Patient Administration System and medical records. Maternities with complete uterine rupture after start of labor in Norway during 1967‐2008 (n = 247 births), identified among 2 209 506 women. Uterine ruptures were identified from both registries and were further studied through a review of medical records. Only complete ruptures were included in analysis. The associations between maternal outcomes and demographic and labor risk factors were estimated. Odds ratios (ORs) were determined with crude logistic regressions for each risk factor. Separate multivariable logistic regressions were performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsWe identified 88 (35.6%) healthy mothers, 107 (43.3%) severe postpartum hemorrhages without hysterectomy, 51 (20.6%) peripartum hysterectomies, and three (1.2%) maternal deaths. Peripartum hysterectomy decreased significantly in the last years of study. Unscarred uterine ruptures significantly increased the risk of peripartum hysterectomy compared with scarred uterine ruptures (AOR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3‐5.3). Other factors that increased the risk of peripartum hysterectomy following rupture were: maternal age ≥35 years (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1‐5.0), parity ≥3 vs parity 1‐2 (AOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2‐6.7), and rupture detection after vaginal delivery (AOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1‐4.8).ConclusionsUnscarred uteri, older maternal age, parity ≥3, and rupture detection after vaginal delivery showed the highest associations with the risk of peripartum hysterectomy after complete uterine rupture.
Expression of interleukin (IL)‐10 family cytokines in aqueous humour of patients with specific endogenous uveitic entities: elevated levels of IL‐19 in human leucocyte antigen‐B27‐associated uveitis
Authors: Abu El‐Asrar Ahmed M. , Berghmans Nele , Al‐Obeidan Saleh A. , Gikandi Priscilla W. , Opdenakker Ghislain , Van Damme Jo , Struyf Sofie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeEvidence exists that the interleukin (IL)‐10 family of cytokines is involved in autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to analyse the levels of the IL‐10 family cytokines IL‐10, IL‐19, IL‐20, IL‐22, IL‐26, IL‐28A and IL‐29 in aqueous humour (AH) samples from patients with specific uveitic entities. In addition, we correlated their levels with the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and IL‐1β.MethodsAqueous humour (AH) samples from patients with active uveitis associated with Behçet's disease (BD; n = 13), sarcoidosis (n = 8), human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐B27‐related inflammation (n = 12), Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease (n = 12) and control subjects (n = 9) were assayed with the use of a multiplex assay.ResultsOf all the IL‐10 family cytokines studied, only IL‐19 levels were significantly higher in AH samples of patients (n = 45) than in controls (p = 0.022). When comparing the four individual disease groups to controls, IL‐19 levels were only significantly higher in HLA‐B27‐associated uveitis (p < 0.001). IL‐19 levels were significantly higher in patients with HLA‐B27‐associated uveitis than in patients with BD, sarcoidosis and VKH disease (p < 0.001; p = 0.002; p < 0.001, respectively). Significant correlations were found between AH levels of IL‐19 and AH levels of TNF‐α, (r = 0.3; p = 0.03) and IL‐1β (r = 0.56; p < 0.001).ConclusionsAmong the IL‐10 family cytokines analysed, IL‐19 demonstrated the highest expression in endogenous uveitis, particularly in HLA‐B27‐associated uveitis. IL‐19 thus might assist in the regulation of inflammation in HLA‐B27‐associated uveitis.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: mycophenolate mofetil as a second‐line therapy for autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Santiago Priscila , Schwartz Ingrid , Tamariz Leonardo , Levy Cynthia 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundFirst‐line treatment for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) typically includes corticosteroids in combination with azathioprine. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is often used as a rescue therapy in patients who are intolerant of, or nonresponsive to, standard therapy.AimTo systematically review studies and perform a meta‐analysis on the efficacy and safety of MMF as a second‐line therapy for AIH patients.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central were searched for studies that reported data on efficacy and safety of MMF as a second‐line therapy in AIH. We calculated the pooled response rate, adverse events rate and discontinuation rate due to side effects, with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals.ResultsTwelve studies comprising 397 patients, followed for a median of 34 months (range, 12‐47 months), were included. MMF doses ranged from 0.5‐4.0 g/d. Pooled response rate was 0.58 (95% CI 0.54‐0.63). Pooled adverse events rate was 0.14 (95% CI 0.11‐0.17), and pooled discontinuation rate due to side effects was 0.08 (95% CI 0.06‐0.11). Five studies (n = 309) specified response rates according to reason for using MMF. Pooled response rate in the subgroup with intolerance to standard therapy was 0.82 (95% CI 0.77‐0.87) and pooled response rate among nonresponders was 0.32 (95% CI 0.24‐0.39).ConclusionsThe overall efficacy of MMF as second‐line therapy in AIH was high. Response rate was greater in patients who started the medication due to intolerance to standard therapy as opposed to nonresponse. Overall, MMF was well tolerated, with a low discontinuation rate due to side effects.
Conscientious Objections to Corporate Wrongdoing
Authors: Solas John 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn recent years, there has been increasing concern about unethical conduct within corporate business, not least because of the scandalous behavior of former chief executives at top blue chip companies such as Enron, Worldcom, Parmalat, and Volkswagen. These scandals have not only threatened the privileged position of senior corporate employees but also the solvency of the companies they manage and lead. The high profile cases of corporate crime and corruption that occurred in the early 2000s together with the 2008 Wall Street bailouts and the growth in criminal prosecutions since have raised the profile of business ethics to an unprecedented level. Greater public sensitivity toward and awareness about the unlawful and immoral conduct of firms in the United States and elsewhere, has created demand for organizations to become more accountable and socially responsible and prompted greater regulatory scrutiny. It has also served to highlight the embryonic and delimited state of research and scholarship on business ethics, where the focus has tended to remain on leadership. A neglected, though important, line of ethical enquiry concerns followership. Corporate wrongdoing would be less formidable and extensive if it was not aided and abetted. Two key questions arise. First, what prompts followers to support rather than oppose bad leaders? Second, what can be done to stem or at least curtail their allegiance to bad leaders?
The injustice of fat stigma
Authors: Nath Rekha 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFatness stigma is pervasive. Being fat is widely regarded a bad thing, and fat persons suffer numerous social and material disadvantages in virtue of their weight being regarded that way. Despite the seriousness of this problem, it has received relatively little attention from analytic philosophers. In this paper, I set out to explore whether there is a reasoned basis for stigmatizing fatness, and, if so, what forms of stigmatization could be justified. I consider two lines of reasoning that might be advanced to defend fat stigma. The first is broadly consequentialist. It seeks to justify stigmatizing fatness based on the public health benefits that might be produced by doing so. The second argument takes stigmatizing fatness to be a warranted response to the morally blameworthy failure to slim down exhibited by fat persons. Clarifying and assessing each of these two lines of reasoning is the main task of this paper. I argue that, upon careful examination, both these attempts to justify the stigmatization of fatness fail.
Taxane‐based chemohormonal therapy for metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer: a Cochrane Review
Authors: Sathianathen Niranjan J. , Philippou Yiannis A. , Kuntz Gretchen M. , Konety Badrinath R. , Gupta Shilpa , Lamb Alastair D. , Dahm Philipp 
Published: February 2019

To provide a precis of the Cochrane Collaboration Review of taxane‐based chemohormonal therapy for metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer by Sathianathen NJ, Philippou YA, Kuntz GM et al. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018, Issue 10. Art. No.: CD012816. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd012816.pub2.
Mate choice in a changing world
Authors: Candolin Ulrika 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTHuman activities by altering environmental conditions are influencing the mate choice of animals. This is by impacts on: (i) the production and expression of traits evaluated by mate choosers; (ii) the transmission of information about potential mates to choosers; (iii) the reception and processing of the information by choosers; and (iv) the final mate choice. Here, I first discuss how these four stages of the mate‐choice process can be altered by environmental change, and how these alterations, in turn, can influence individuals, populations, and communities. Much evidence exists for human‐induced environmental changes influencing mate choice, but the consequences for the fitness of courters and choosers are less well known, and even less is known about the impact on population dynamics, species interactions and community composition. More evidence exists for altered mate‐choice systems influencing interspecific matings and thereby community composition and biodiversity. I then consider whether plastic adjustments and evolutionary changes can rescue adaptive mate‐choice systems, and reflect on the possibility of non‐adaptive mate‐choice systems becoming less maladaptive under environmental change. Much evidence exists for plastic adjustments of mate‐choice systems, but whether these are adaptive is seldom known, as is the contribution of genetic changes. Finally, I contemplate the possibility of mate‐choice systems rescuing populations from decline in changing environments. I explain how this is context dependent with both positive and negative outcomes possible. In summary, while much evidence exists for human‐induced environmental changes influencing mate‐choice systems, less is known about the consequences for ecological and evolutionary processes. Considering the importance that mate choice plays in determining individual fitness and population viability, the effects of environmental change on mate‐choice systems should be considered in studies on the ecological and evolutionary consequences of human disturbances to habitats.
Death domain of p75 neurotrophin receptor: a structural perspective on an intracellular signalling hub
Authors: Yuan Wensu , Ibáñez Carlos F. , Lin Zhi 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe death domain (DD) is a globular protein motif with a signature feature of an all‐helical Greek‐key motif. It is a primary mediator of a variety of biological activities, including apoptosis, cell survival and cytoskeletal changes, which are related to many neurodegenerative diseases, neurotrauma, and cancers. DDs exist in a wide range of signalling proteins including p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), a member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily. The specific signalling mediated by p75NTR in a given cell depends on the type of ligand engaging the extracellular domain and the recruitment of cytosolic interactors to the intracellular domain, especially the DD, of the receptor. In solution, the p75NTR‐DDs mainly form a symmetric non‐covalent homodimer. In response to extracellular signals, conformational changes in the p75NTR extracellular domain (ECD) propagate to the p75NTR‐DD through the disulfide‐bonded transmembrane domain (TMD) and destabilize the p75NTR‐DD homodimer, leading to protomer separation and exposure of binding sites on the DD surface. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the study of the structural mechanism of p75NTR‐DD signalling through recruitment of diverse intracellular interactors for the regulation and control of diverse functional outputs.
Primär kutane CD4+ klein‐ bis mittelgroßzellige pleomorphe T‐Zell‐Lymphoproliferation: Wo stehen wir? Eine systematische Übersicht
Authors: Salah Eman 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie primär kutane CD4+ klein‐ bis mittelgroßzellige pleomorphe T‐Zell‐Lymphoproliferation (PCSMP‐TLPD) ist nach der neuesten Auflage der WHO‐Klassifikation der lymphatischen Neoplasien eine vorläufige Entität mit unbekanntem malignem Potenzial. Wir führten eine systematische Literaturanalyse aller bisher publizierten Fälle von PCSMP‐TLPD durch, um ihre typischen und atypischen Merkmale herauszuarbeiten. Die wichtigsten Charakteristika der PCSMP‐TLPD und ihre mögliche klinisch‐pathologische Überlappung mit ähnlichen Erkrankungen werden ebenfalls diskutiert. Dieser Übersichts‐Artikel soll einen Überblick über diese Störung und die wichtigsten Differenzialdiagnosen bieten. Schließlich empfehlen wir, dass Experten für kutane Lymphome einen rigorosen Konsens hinsichtlich der Formulierung diagnostischer Kriterien und der besten Falldefinition finden.
Phänomen „grüner Nagel“ in der ICG‐gestützten fluoreszenzoptischen Bildgebung – ein möglicher differenzialdiagnostischer Hinweis auf Psoriasisarthritis
Authors: Wiemann Oliver , Werner Stephanie G. , Langer Hans‐Eckhard , Backhaus Marina , Chatelain René 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielsetzungDie Frühdiagnostik der Psoriasisarthritis stellt eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Das Xiralite®‐System, ein neueres fluoreszenzoptisches Bildgebungsverfahren kann dazu mittels Darstellung von Mikrovaskularität und Perfusion einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden erstmals extraartikuläre fluoreszenzoptische Signale an einer großen Psoriasisarthritis‐Kohorte systematisch untersucht.Patienten und MethodikIn der Hauptstudie untersuchten und analysierten wir extraartikuläre fluoreszenzoptische Signalmuster bei 241 Sequenzen von 187 Psoriasisarthritis‐Patienten. Als Kontrolle dienten 36 fluoreszenzoptische Sequenzen bei 31 Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis. In einer Folgestudie wurden 203 konsekutive fluoreszenzoptische Sequenzen bei 54 Psoriasisarthritis‐Patienten und 149 Kontrollen mit entzündlich‐rheumatischen Erkrankungen retrospektiv ausgewertet, um die Ergebnisse der Hauptstudie hinsichtlich der identifizierten Muster zu validieren.ErgebnisseIn Projektion auf den Nagelbereich ließen sich bei Psoriasisarthritis insgesamt drei fluoreszenzoptische Signalmuster differenzieren, die in bisherigen Untersuchungen nicht beschrieben wurden, darunter insbesondere das von uns so bezeichnete „Green Nail“‐Phänomen, das hohe Spezifität (97 %) für die Psoriasisarthritis zeigte. In der Folgestudie lag die Spezifität bei 87 % für die Psoriasisarthritis in Bezug zur Kontrollkohorte.SchlussfolgerungenIn den vorliegenden Untersuchungen erwiesen sich fluoreszenzoptische Signale im Bereich der Nägel als hochspezifisch für die Psoriasisarthritis. Dabei scheint der „Green Nail“ von besonderem diagnostischem Interesse zu sein als möglicher Hinweis auf eine Mikrozirkulationsstörung im Bereich des Nagelbettes.
S2k‐Leitlinie Basalzellkarzinom der Haut – Teil 2: Therapie, Prävention und Nachsorge
Authors: Lang Berenice M. , Balermpas Panagiotis , Bauer Andrea , Blum Andreas , Brölsch G. Felix , Dirschka Thomas , Follmann Markus , Frank Jorge , Frerich Bernhard , Fritz Klaus , Hauschild Axel , Heindl Ludwig M. , Howaldt Hans‐Peter , Ihrler Stephan , Kakkassery Vinodh , Klumpp Bernhard , Krause‐Bergmann Albrecht , Löser Christoph , Meissner Markus , Sachse Michael M. , Schlaak Max , Schön Michael P. , Tischendorf Lutz , Tronnier Michael , Vordermark Dirk , Welzel Julia , Weichenthal Michael , Wiegand Susanne , Kaufmann Roland , Grabbe Stephan 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Basalzellkarzinom (BZK) ist der häufigste maligne Tumor der hellhäutigen Bevölkerung mit jährlich steigender Inzidenz. Eine Aktualisierung der S2k‐Leitlinie unter Beteiligung aller mit dem Krankheitsbild vertrauten Fachgesellschaften sowie vorangegangener Literaturrecherche ist für die Qualität der Versorgung der betroffenen Patienten von essentieller Bedeutung. Im vorliegenden Teil 2 wird zunächst eine Risikostratifizierung aufgezeigt, bevor die verschiedenen Therapieoptionen diskutiert werden. Zudem werden Prävention und Nachsorge der Erkrankung behandelt.
Superior efficacy of insulin degludec/liraglutide versus insulin glargine U100 as add‐on to sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor therapy: A randomized clinical trial in people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes
Authors: Philis‐Tsimikas Athena , Billings Liana K. , Busch Robert , Portillo Cristobal Morales , Sahay Rakesh , Halladin Natalie , Eggert Sarah , Begtrup Kamilla , Harris Stewart 
Published: February 2019

AimTo investigate the efficacy and safety of insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) versus insulin glargine 100 units/mL (IGlar U100) as add‐on to sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor therapy.Materials and methodsIn this 26‐week, phase IIIb, open‐label, parallel‐group, treat‐to‐target trial, conducted at 74 sites in 11 countries, insulin‐naïve people aged ≥18 years with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 53–97 mmol/mol (7.0–11.0%), body mass index 20–40 kg/m2 and inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) on SGLT2 inhibitor ± oral antidiabetic drugs were randomized 1:1 to once‐daily IDegLira or IGlar U100, both as add‐on to existing therapy. The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c from baseline to week 26.ResultsA total of 210 participants were randomized to each treatment arm. Mean HbA1c reductions were 21 mmol/mol (1.9%‐points) with IDegLira and 18 mmol/mol (1.7%‐points) with IGlar U100; confirming non‐inferiority (P < 0.0001) and superiority of IDegLira (difference in HbA1c change –3.90 mmol/mol; 95% confidence interval [CI] –5.45; –2.35 (−0.36%‐points; 95% CI –0.50, –0.21)). Superiority for IDegLira over IGlar U100 was also confirmed for: body weight (difference −1.92 kg; 95% CI –2.64, –1.19); severe or blood‐glucose‐confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia (rate ratio 0.42; 95% CI 0.23, 0.75); total daily insulin dose (difference −15.37 U; 95% CI –19.60, −11.13). The overall treatment‐emergent adverse event rate was higher with IDegLira as a result of higher increased lipase and nausea rates.ConclusionsThe favourable safety and efficacy profile of IDegLira in people with uncontrolled T2D on SGLT2 inhibitors, and lower weight gain and hypoglycaemia risk versus IGlar U100, suggest that clinicians should consider IDegLira initiation in this population.
The effects of land abandonment and long‐term afforestation practices on the organic carbon stock and lignin content of Mediterranean humid mountain soils
Authors: Campo Julian , Stijsiger Romy J. , Nadal‐Romero Estela , Cammeraat Erik L.H. 
Published: February 2019

Afforestation is an important strategy that can decrease atmospheric carbon by sequestering carbon in biomass and soil. In Spain, an active afforestation programme was adopted in the 1950s when the soil was severely eroded after widespread abandonment of arable land. The Araguás catchment (Central Spanish Pyrenees) is a good example of this programme because it was afforested with both Pinus sylvestris L. (PS) and Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold (PN). The soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and lignin content (based on the vanillyl, syringyl and cinnamyl contents) of these afforested soils were examined and compared to those of bare soil, secondary succession and meadow soils. Both the SOC stock and lignin content were used to evaluate the effects of land‐use changes on soil. Curie‐point pyrolysis with tetramethylammonium hydroxide was used to assess the lignin content. In the bare soil, there was none of the lignin compounds. The largest SOC stock and lignin content occurred under PN and secondary succession sites. A decreasing trend for the lignin content, related to the limited organic matter input and the longer degradation period, was observed at deeper horizons in all soils except meadows. These meadow soils also showed increased SOC stocks in deeper horizons. Land abandonment reduced the SOC stock although no significant differences were observed in the organic carbon incorporation assessed through lignin content (and if this was so it was restricted to the top centimetre or so). According to the results, PN was the best afforestation practice for increasing SOC stock and lignin content in soil. Pinus sylvestris afforestation was less successful than secondary succession at increasing SOC sequestration and lignin content.Highlights

Effects of long‐term afforestation and land abandonment assessed in Mediterranean humid mountain soils.
Soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and lignin content were used as indicators.
Bare soil had the smallest SOC stock and lignin content.
Afforestation with Pinus nigra was the best practice, increasing SOC stock and lignin content.
Natalizumab, rituximab and fingolimod as escalation therapy in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Boremalm M. , Juto A. , Axelsson M. , Novakova L. , Frisell T. , Svenningsson A. , Lycke J. , Piehl F. , Salzer J. 
Published: February 2019

Background and purposeBreakthrough disease on first‐line injectables in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is a common clinical situation where comparative studies between different escalation therapies are lacking. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, safety and medication persistence of natalizumab (NTZ), rituximab (RTX) and fingolimod (FGL) as escalation therapy in RRMS.MethodsPatients switching from interferon or glatiramer acetate to NTZ, RTX or FGL due to breakthrough disease were identified through the Swedish multiple sclerosis (MS) registry at four large MS centers in this retrospective observational study. Data were collected from the MS registry and medical charts. Hazard ratios (HRs) for relapses, adverse events and drug discontinuation with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using multivariable confounder‐adjusted Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsA total of 241 patients were included. The annualized relapse rates were 0.02 for NTZ, 0.03 for RTX and 0.07 for FGL. Compared with NTZ, the adjusted HR for relapse was 1.0 (95% CI, 0.2–5.6) for RTX and 3.4 (95% CI, 1.3–9.2) for FGL. The annualized drug discontinuation rates were 0.15, 0.01 and 0.15 for NTZ, RTX and FGL, respectively. The adjusted HR for drug discontinuation was 0.05 (95% CI, 0.01–0.38) for RTX and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.6–1.7) for FGL vs. NTZ.ConclusionsIn patients with RRMS on interferon/glatiramer acetate with breakthrough disease, switching to NTZ or RTX was associated with less disease activity compared with FGL. RTX displayed superior medication persistence compared with both NTZ and FGL.