bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Venous thromboembolic events in the tofacitinib ulcerative colitis clinical development programme
Authors: Sandborn William J. , Panés Julian , Sands Bruce E. , Reinisch Walter , Su Chinyu , Lawendy Nervin , Koram Nana , Fan Haiyun , Jones Thomas V. , Modesto Irene , Quirk Daniel , Danese Silvio 
Published: October 2019

SummaryBackgroundTofacitinib is an oral, small molecule JAK inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC).AimTo report incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in the tofacitinib UC programme.MethodsDVT and PE were evaluated from one phase 2 and two phase 3 induction studies, one phase 3 maintenance study and an ongoing, open‐label, long‐term extension (OLE) study (September 2018 datacut). Data were analysed in induction, maintenance and overall (patients receiving ≥ 1 dose of tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg b.d. in any phase 2, 3 or OLE study) cohorts.Results1157 patients (2404 patient‐years’ exposure; ≤ 6.1 years’ tofacitinib treatment) were evaluated in the overall cohort. In induction, one placebo‐treated patient had DVT and one had PE; no tofacitinib‐treated patients had DVT/PE. In maintenance, one placebo‐treated patient had DVT and one had PE; no tofacitinib‐treated patients had DVT/PE. In the overall cohort, one patient had DVT (incidence rate [patients with events/100 patient‐years; 95% CI]: 0.04 [0.00‐0.23]); four had PE (0.16 [0.04‐0.41]); all received predominant dose tofacitinib 10 mg b.d.; all had venous thromboembolism risk factors alongside UC.ConclusionsIn this post hoc analysis of patients with UC, during tofacitinib exposure, one patient had DVT and four had PE, all during the OLE study, on predominant dose 10 mg b.d. (83% of overall cohort patients received predominant dose 10 mg b.d.) with venous thromboembolism risk factors. This analysis is limited by small sample size and limited drug exposure; further studies are needed. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00787202, NCT01465763, NCT01458951, NCT01458574, NCT01470612.
Prevalence and determinants of uptake of folic acid in peri‐conceptional period in a rural lower‐middle‐income country, Ghana
Authors: Mohammed Baba Sulemana , Kawawa Abubakar Rashid , Wemakor Anthony 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFolate is a vitamin B‐related substance needed by expectant mothers during the period right before and after conception (peri‐conceptional period) to help protect foetuses against neural tube defects (NTDs). Despite efforts to promote the peri‐conceptional uptake of folic acid (FA), adherence remains low. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of peri‐conceptional FA uptake among childbearing women in northern Ghana. In a cross‐sectional study, data from 303 women accessing antenatal care services in the Upper East Region of Ghana between February and July 2017 were collected and analysed in Stata (Version 12.1). Chi‐square and logistic regression analysis were used to identify the independent determinants of peri‐conceptional uptake of FA. The mean age of the study population was 27.4 (±5.73) years. The prevalence of uptake of peri‐conceptional FA was 28.7% (95% confidence interval: 26.7%‐34.2%); 66% of the women were aware of FA and 52% had acceptable knowledge about FA. Initiating ANC after 3 months of pregnancy was associated with 91% less chance of peri‐conceptional FA use [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04‐0.22; P < .001]. Not knowing the frequency of dosing of FA was associated with a 58% less likelihood of uptake of peri‐conceptional FA (AOR 0.42; 95% CI 0.23‐0.76; P = .004). There is low uptake of peri‐conceptional FA among women of childbearing age accessing antenatal services in Northern Ghana, and this uptake is determined by the time of initiation of ANC visit and knowledge of dosage regimen of FA.
An ecological framework of neophobia: from cells to organisms to populations
Authors: Crane Adam L. , Brown Grant E. , Chivers Douglas P. , Ferrari Maud C. O. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTNeophobia is the fear of novel stimuli or situations. This phenotype has recently received much ecological attention, primarily in the context of decision making. Here, we explore neophobia across biological levels of organisation, first describing types of neophobia among animals and the underlying causes of neophobia, highlighting high levels of risk and uncertainty as key drivers. We place neophobia in the framework of Error Management Theory and Signal Detection Theory, showing how increases in overall risk and uncertainty can lead to costly non‐responses towards novel threats unless individuals lower their response threshold and become neophobic. We then discuss how neophobic behaviour translates into population and evolutionary consequences before introducing neophobia‐like processes at the cellular level, where some phenomena such as allergy and autoimmunity can parallel neophobic behaviour. Finally, we discuss neophobia attenuation, considering how a sudden change in the environment from dangerous to safe can lead to problematic over‐responses (i.e. the ‘maladaptive defensive carry‐over’ hypothesis), and discuss treatment methods for such over‐responses. We anticipate that bridging the concept of neophobia with a process‐centered perspective can facilitate a transfer of insight across organisational levels.
Skeletal abnormalities are common features in Aymé‐Gripp syndrome
Authors: Niceta Marcello , Barbuti Domenico , Gupta Neerja , Ruggiero Carlos , Tizzano Eduardo F. , Graul‐Neumann Luitgard , Barresi Sabina , Nishimura Gen , Valenzuela Irene , López‐Grondona Fermina , Fernandez‐Alvarez Paula , Leoni Chiara , Zweier Christiane , Tzschach Andreas , Stellacci Emilia , Del Fattore Andrea , Dallapiccola Bruno , Zampino Giuseppe , Tartaglia Marco 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAymé‐Gripp syndrome (AYGRPS) is a recognizable condition caused by a restricted spectrum of dominantly acting missense mutations affecting the transcription factor MAF. Major clinical features of AYGRPS include congenital cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, intellectual disability, and a distinctive flat facial appearance. Skeletal abnormalities have also been observed in affected individuals, even though these features have not been assessed systematically. Expanding the series with four additional patients, here we provide a more accurate delineation of the molecular aspects and clinical phenotype, particularly focusing on the skeletal features characterizing this disorder. Apart from previously reported malar flattening and joint limitations, we document that carpal/tarsal and long bone defects, and hip dysplasia occur in affected subjects more frequently than formerly appreciated.
Accounting change in the Scottish and Westminster central governments: A study of voice and legitimation
Authors: Hyndman Noel , Liguori Mariannuziata 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOrganisational voice processes are crucial during change. These will affect actors’ individual understanding of change and the way in which change is perceived and legitimated generally. Looking at accounting changes at two government levels (Westminster and Scotland), this paper explores relationships between organisational voice processes during change (exploring these in terms of horizontal/vertical and promotive/prohibitive dimensions) and legitimation strategies subsequently used by the actors involved. In Westminster, where promotive vertical voicing was particularly identifiable, interviewees predominantly legitimated change through rationalisation strategies. In Scotland, where prohibitive, horizontal voice processes were more evident, authorisation strategies tended to prevail. However, regardless of the content and direction of voice, ultimately, the vast majority of key accounting changes in both Westminster and Scotland were supported (legitimated) by actors.
Structural analysis of glycated human hemoglobin using native mass spectrometry
Authors: Muralidharan Monita , Bhat Vijay , Mandal Amit Kumar 
Published: October 2019

Glycated hemoglobin (GHb) is the indicator of the long‐term glycemic index of an individual. GHb is formed by the irreversible modification of N‐terminal α‐amino group of β globin chain with glucose via Amadori rearrangement. Cation exchange chromatography exploits the difference in surface charges between GHb and native hemoglobin (HbA0) for their separation and quantification. However, glucose condensation is specific to primary amino groups. Therefore, structural characterization of GHb synthesized in vivo is essential as multiple glycation may interfere with GHb assessment. The stoichiometric composition of different glycated hemoglobin from a 19% GHb sample was deduced using native mass spectrometry. We observed a comparable population of α and β glycated tetramers for mono‐glycated HbA0. Surprisingly, doubly and triply glycated HbA0 also showed mono‐glycated α and β globins. Thus, we propose that glycation of hemoglobin (HbA) occurs symmetrically across α and β globins with preference to unmodified globin first. Correlation between conventional and mass spectrometry‐based quantification of GHb showed a reliable estimation of the glycemic index of individuals carrying HbA0. Mutant HbAs have different retention time than HbA0 due to the differences in their surface charge. Thus, their glycated analog may elute at different retention time compared to GHb. Consequently, our method would be ideal for assessing the glycemic index of an individual carrying mutant HbA.
Episodic and Continuous Recharge Estimation from High‐Resolution Well Records
Authors: Eaton Timothy T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWater table fluctuation (WTF) methods are a primary and well‐established way to determine groundwater recharge based on the direct response of the water table to precipitation input. An emerging complexity of recharge is whether it occurs as an episodic and transient process, or a continuous steady‐state process, however, most studies have not focused on these short‐term vs. long‐term timescales, in part because of a lack of data resolution. Here, high‐resolution (subhourly) precipitation and water‐level data are analyzed for wells in the suburbs of New York City using two contrasting WTF approaches, with a common mathematical basis, that are suited to episodic and continuous processes. The resulting hourly recharge results, like the individual water‐level records from comparable wells, are sensitive indicators of subtle differences in aquifer conditions such as thickness of the unsaturated zone, position in the flow system and localized preferential flow. While the episodic, transient approach excludes diffuse recharge by design, the continuous, steady‐state approach is influenced by short‐term precipitation events, and therefore integrates transient processes to some extent. However, the continuous, steady‐state approach is subject to its own limitations relating to position in the aquifer system, and may overestimate recharge if aquifer conditions are not well understood. More widespread use of higher resolution data as well as understanding aquifer conditions and refining aquifer parameters would improve WTF recharge estimation.
Butterflies in corridors: quality matters for specialists
Authors: Habel Jan Christian , Ulrich Werner , Schmitt Thomas 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Agricultural intensification and subsequent landscape homogenisation have caused severe losses of insects across major parts of Europe. In consequence, most animal and plant populations today exist in small and isolated habitat patches. Thus, there is an urgent need to increase landscape permeability to foster the exchange of individuals and thereby to promote the long‐term persistence of populations and species. Corridors can help to connect local habitats and populations. Nonetheless, whether species use a corridor and how species behave in a corridor strongly depend on species' ecology and the quality of the corridor.
In this study, we analysed the behaviour of 753 individuals of five butterfly species of the subfamily Satyrinae (Coenonympha pamphilus, C. arcania, Maniola jurtina, Melanargia galathea, and Erebia medusa) in a high‐quality habitat, in two corridors with different habitat qualities, and in arable fields.
Butterflies undertake more frequent and much longer flights in arable fields, and a more range‐restricted behaviour with perching and visiting of flowers in corridors and inside the original high‐quality habitat. Specialist butterflies only rarely leave the corridor and fly into the matrix if compared with generalist butterfly species. Furthermore, the relative difference in the probability of leaving a corridor was much more pronounced between the two corridor qualities for specialists than for generalists.
In conclusion, corridors with high habitat quality, such as many flowering plants, support species and population persistence. Specialist species especially respond to corridor quality, such as the availability of flowers or a calcareous grassland‐like species composition.
The influence of different SiC amounts on the microstructure, densification, and mechanical properties of hot‐pressed Al2O3‐SiC composites
Authors: Akbari Elaheh , Ghassemi Kakroudi Mahdi , Shahedifar Vahideh , Ghiasi Hanieh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe hot pressing process of monolithic Al2O3 and Al2O3‐SiC composites with 0‐25 wt% of submicrometer silicon carbide was done in this paper. The presence of SiC particles prohibited the grain growth of the Al2O3 matrix during sintering at the temperatures of 1450°C and 1550°C for 1 h and under the pressure of 30 MPa in vacuum. The effect of SiC reinforcement on the mechanical properties of composite specimens like fracture toughness, flexural strength, and hardness was discussed. The results showed that the maximum values of fracture toughness (5.9 ± 0.5 MPa.m1/2) and hardness (20.8 ± 0.4 GPa) were obtained for the Al2O3‐5 wt% SiC composite specimens. The significant improvement in fracture toughness of composite specimens in comparison with the monolithic alumina (3.1 ± 0.4 MPa.m1/2) could be attributed to crack deflection as one of the toughening mechanisms with regard to the presence of SiC particles. In addition, the flexural strength was improved by increasing SiC value up to 25 wt% and reached 395 ± 1.4 MPa. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations verified that the increasing of flexural strength was related to the fine‐grained microstructure.
Application of nanoemulsions (w/o) with active compounds of cactus pear fruit in starch films to improve antioxidant activity and incorporate antibacterial property
Authors: Medina‐Pérez Gabriela , Hernández‐Uribe Juan P. , Fernández‐León Dania , Prince Laurette , Fernández‐Luqueño Fabián , Campos‐Montiel Rafael G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn order to improve the quality of food and extend its shelf life, preservation methods have been developed. Edible films have aroused potential interest in food preservation due to their ability to maintain quality product attributes. The objective of this research was to incorporate nanoencapsulated compounds of cactus pear “xoconostle” (Opuntia oligacantha C.F. Först) into “chayotextle” (Sechium edule Sw.) starch films. For the formulation of the starch films, different concentrations of nanoemulsion (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8%) were used. Phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activities (ABTS [2,2‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonate)] and DPPH [2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl]), antibacterial properties, and mechanical properties (tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation percentage) of the films were analyzed. The results showed significant differences (p < .05) between the formulations. In phenols and antioxidant properties, DPPH had a significant increase (p < .5) during storage. In contrast, in flavonoids and antioxidant (ABTS) activities, a decrease was observed. Inhibition was observed with gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium). No significant (p > .05) changes were found in traction resistance in up to 30 days of storage. In Young's modulus and elongation percentage, significant differences were found (p < .05). The addition of nanoencapsulated compounds of cactus pear produces active films of starch with antioxidant and antibacterial properties.Practical ApplicationCurrently, it is very important for consumers that food conservation be achieved using natural products. Films based on polymers of natural origin could be used as food packaging technologies. Particularly, the starch of indigenous origin like the “chayotextle” (chayote tuber) has been demonstrated to be suitable for the elaboration of films. The addition of oils and bioactive extracts from fruits and plants to films improves the conservative properties of foods. These natural additives have bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antibacterial properties. One source of these compounds is the cactus pear Opuntia oligacantha C.F. Först (xoconostle). Bioactive compounds are unstable especially when they are exposed to environmental factors. Hence, encapsulation systems have been designed for their protection and controlled release as nanoemulsions. The films with the addition of nanoemulsions have shown an improvement in antioxidant activity and have incorporated antibacterial activity in contrast to the control film. Consequently, these films can better preserve foods for more time without using synthetic products.
Influence of carrot puree incorporation on quality characteristics of instant noodles
Authors: Prerana Shere , Anupama Devkatte 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe present investigation was undertaken to develop carrot puree‐incorporated noodles and increase vegetable intake in the diet of consumers. Carrot puree was incorporated at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g per 100 g of refined wheat flour. Cold extrusion and air‐drying method were used to prepare noodles. Carrot noodles were analyzed for nutritional, sensory, cooking, and textural properties. Forty grams of vegetable puree per 100 g of refined wheat flour was preferred in sensory evaluation. The nutritional analysis results of 100 g dried carrot noodles indicated increase in total carotenoids (1.58 mg) and minerals such as calcium (36.3 mg), phosphorous (140.4 mg), iron (9.5 mg), potassium (192.4 mg), and crude fiber (3.85 g) compared with control. Carrot noodles in comparison with control (14.33%) showed decreased cooking loss (8.74%) which affirmed better binding of fiber particles with starch–protein matrix. The texture analysis of test noodles showed reduction in hardness (27.06%), springiness (79.78%), and cohesiveness values (0.74%) compared with control noodles.Practical ApplicationsInstant noodle enrichment with vegetable source (carrot) will not only find a new avenue for the noodle industry to provide healthier option to the consumers but also nutritionally enhance the noodles with micronutrients such as vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers, and phytochemicals. The carrot in puree incorporation improves the sensory, cooking, and nutritional qualities of noodles. The enrichment with vegetable source (carrot) will develop low‐energy dense air‐dried instant noodles and can help increase vegetable intake in the diet of consumers through a food matrix that is well appreciated by all age groups.
Knowledge of US Midwifery Credentials Among Members of the American College of Nurse‐Midwives
Authors: Jefferson Karen , MacKenzie Rachel K. , Hackley Barbara , Perlman Dana 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionThree midwifery credentials are granted in the United States: certified nurse‐midwife (CNM), certified midwife (CM), and certified professional midwife (CPM). Confusion about US midwifery credentials may restrict growth of the midwifery profession. This survey assessed American College of Nurse‐Midwives (ACNM) members’ knowledge of US midwifery credentials.MethodsACNM members (N = 7551) were surveyed via email in 2017. The survey asked respondents to report demographic information and to identify correct statements about the education, certification, and scope of practice of CNMs, CMs, and CPMs. Responses to 17 items about all midwives certified in the United States, a 5‐item subset specific to CNMs/CMs, and one item related to location of midwifery practice by credential were analyzed.ResultsNearly a quarter of the membership (22.1%) responded to the survey. Higher scores on the survey indicated greater identification of correct statements about the education, certification, scope, and location of practice of CNMs, CMs, and CPMs. Significant differences in scores were found among ACNM members based on their level of education, degree of professional involvement in midwifery, and prior practice as a nurse. ACNM members with higher scores on the survey held a doctorate, worked in Region I, and had greater professional leadership involvement in midwifery organizations. Participants with less nursing experience prior to their midwifery education also scored significantly higher on the survey.DiscussionAlthough two‐thirds of respondents correctly answered items on the preparation, credentialing, and scope of practice of CNMs, CMs, and CPMs, a significant minority had gaps in knowledge. Results of this survey suggest the need for outreach about US midwifery credentials. Future research to replicate and expand upon this survey may benefit the profession of midwifery in the United States.
Total flavones of Rhododendron simsii Planch flower protect rat hippocampal neuron from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury via activation of BKCa channel
Authors: Guo Yan , Yu Xiao-Meng , Chen Shuo , Wen Ji-Yue , Chen Zhi-Wu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To study the effects of total flavones of Rhododendra simsii Planch flower (TFR) on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in rat hippocampal neurons and its underlying mechanism.

Method
Model of H/R was established in newborn rat primary cultured hippocampal neuron. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) activity as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content in cultured supernatants of the neurons were examined. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and Hoechst33258 staining were, respectively, used to detect cell viability and apoptosis of neurons. Protein expression and current of BKCa channel were assessed by using Western blotting and whole-cell patch-clamp methods, respectively.

Key findings
In the ranges of 3.7–300 mg/l, TFR significantly inhibited H/R-induced decrease of neuronal viability and increases of LDH, NSE and MDA in the supernatants as well as apoptosis; TFR 33.3, 100 and 300 mg/l markedly increased current of BKCa channel rather than the BKCa channel protein expression in the neurons.

Conclusions
Total flavones of R. simsii Planch flower had a protective effect against H/R injury in rat hippocampal neuron, and activation of BKCa channel may contribute to the neuroprotection.