bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex Big Data Analysis Based on Multi-granularity Generalized Functions
Authors: Xueya Zhang , Zhang Jianwei 
Published: April 2018

A new method for the big data analysis - multi-granularity generalized functions data model (referred to as MGGF for short) is put forward. This method adopts the dynamic adaptive multi-granularity clustering technique, transforms the grid like "Hard partitioning" to the input data space by the generalized functions data model (referred to as GFDM for short) into the multi-granularity partitioning, and identifies the multi-granularity pattern class in the input data space. By defining the type of the mapping relationship between the multi-granularity model class and the decision-making category ftype:Ciâ†’y, and the concept of the Degree of Fulfillment (referred to as DoF (x)) of the input data to the classification rules of the various pattern classes, the corresponding MGGF model is established. Experimental test results of different data sets show that, compared with the GFDM method, the method proposed in this paper has better data summarization ability, stronger noise data processing ability and higher searching efficiency.
Simple Frameworks for Daily Work: Innovative Strategies to Coach Residents Struggling With Time Management, Organization, and Efficiency
Authors: DeKosky Allison S. , Sedrak Mina S. , Goren Eric , Dine C. Jessica , Warburton Karen M. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
Organization and efficiency are central to success on busy inpatient services and may be relevant to demonstrating certain milestones. Most residents adopt these skills by observing supervisors and peers. For some, this method of emulation and adaptation does not occur, with the potential for a negative effect on patient care and team morale. Information on effective strategies for remediating organization and efficiency deficits is lacking.

Objective
We explored the major themes of organization and efficiency referred to the University of Pennsylvania Department of Medicine Early Intervention and Remediation Committee (EIRC), and developed tools for their remediation.

Methods
Assessments of residents and fellows referred to the EIRC between July 2014 and October 2016 were reviewed for organization and efficiency deficits. Common areas were identified, and an iterative process of learner observations and expert input was used to develop remediation tools.

Results
Over a 2-year period, the EIRC developed remediation plans for 4% of residents (13 of 342 total residents), and for 1 internal medicine subspecialty fellow. Organization and efficiency was the primary or secondary deficit in more than half of those assessed. Most common deficiencies involved admitting a patient efficiently, performing effective prerounding, and composing daily progress notes/presentations. Remediation tools that provided deconstruction of tasks to their most granular and reproducible components were effective in improving performance.

Conclusions
Deficits in organization and efficiency can disproportionately affect resident performance and delay milestone achievement. Many residents would benefit from detailed frameworks and assistance with new approaches to basic elements of daily work.
Experiential Communications Curriculum to Improve Resident Preparedness When Responding to Discriminatory Comments in the Workplace
Authors: March Christine , Walker Lorne W. , Toto Regina L. , Choi Sylvia , Reis Evelyn C. , Dewar Stephanie 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
Patients and families can make discriminatory comments leading to physician distress. Residents receive little training in appropriate responses to such comments and may be ill equipped to respond to intolerance without alienating the individual(s) making the comments.

Objective
We assessed whether a simulated curriculum would enhance pediatrics residents' ability to effectively respond to discriminatory comments.

Methods
In the 2016–2017 academic year, we modified an existing communication skills curriculum for senior pediatrics residents. Residents engaged a simulated parent who used discriminatory speech in 4 scenarios, followed by a group debriefing. We conducted anonymous surveys to assess residents' preparedness to respond to these comments before and immediately following participation and examined their experience with discriminatory comments in the workplace.

Results
The majority of residents reported prior experience with discriminatory comments (32 of 45 [71%] witnessed such comments, and 27 of 48 [56%] were targeted by such comments), most often regarding age, race, and ethnicity. Mean precourse scores ranged from 2.1 to 3.1 (on a 5-point scale) regarding ability to engage in a firm yet respectful dialogue, to reference the hospital code of conduct, to coach a learner to respond, and to facilitate a team debrief. Mean postcourse scores improved significantly for these questions (range 3.8–4.1). The greatest improvement was in referencing the code of conduct (2.1 versus 4.0, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Immediately after participating in simulation, pediatrics residents reported a significant improvement in self-reported readiness to respond to discriminatory comments made by a parent and reported the simulation experience was beneficial.
Organic aerosol in the summertime southeastern United States: components and their link to volatility distribution, oxidation state and hygroscopicity
Authors: Kostenidou Evangelia , Karnezi Eleni , Hite Jr. James R. , Bougiatioti Aikaterini , Cerully Kate , Xu Lu , Ng Nga L. , Nenes Athanasios , Pandis Spyros N. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The volatility distribution of the
organic aerosol (OA) and its sources during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol
Study (SOAS; Centreville, Alabama) was constrained using measurements from an
Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer
(HR-ToF-AMS) and a thermodenuder (TD). Positive matrix factorization (PMF)
analysis was applied on both the ambient and thermodenuded high-resolution
mass spectra, leading to four factors: more oxidized oxygenated OA (MO-OOA),
less oxidized oxygenated OA (LO-OOA), an isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX)-related
factor (isoprene-OA) and biomass burning OA (BBOA). BBOA had the highest mass
fraction remaining (MFR) at 100 ∘C, followed by the isoprene-OA, and
the LO-OOA. Surprisingly the MO-OOA evaporated the most in the TD. The
estimated effective vaporization enthalpies assuming an evaporation
coefficient equal to unity were 58 ± 13 kJ mol−1 for the LO-OOA,
89 ± 10 kJ mol−1 for the MO-OOA, 55 ± 11 kJ mol−1
for the BBOA, and 63 ± 15 kJ mol−1 for the isoprene-OA. The
estimated volatility distribution of all factors covered a wide range
including both semi-volatile and low-volatility components. BBOA had the
lowest average volatility of all factors, even though it had the lowest
O : C ratio among all factors. LO-OOA was the more volatile factor and
its high MFR was due to its low enthalpy of vaporization according to the
model. The isoprene-OA factor had intermediate volatility, quite higher than
suggested by a few other studies. The analysis suggests that deducing the
volatility of a factor only from its MFR could lead to erroneous conclusions.
The oxygen content of the factors can be combined with their estimated
volatility and hygroscopicity to provide a better view of their physical
properties.
Analysis of ionospheric structure influences on residual ionospheric errors in GNSS radio occultation bending angles based on ray tracing simulations
Authors: Liu Congliang , Kirchengast Gottfried , Sun Yueqiang , Zhang Kefei , Norman Robert , Schwaerz Marc , Bai Weihua , Du Qifei , Li Ying 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO)
technique is widely used to observe the atmosphere for applications such as
numerical weather prediction and global climate monitoring. The ionosphere is
a major error source to RO at upper stratospheric altitudes, and a linear
dual-frequency bending angle correction is commonly used to remove the
first-order ionospheric effect. However, the higher-order residual
ionospheric error (RIE) can still be significant, so it needs to be
further mitigated for high-accuracy applications, especially from 35 km
altitude upward, where the RIE is most relevant compared to the decreasing
magnitude of the atmospheric bending angle. In a previous study we quantified
RIEs using an ensemble of about 700 quasi-realistic end-to-end simulated RO
events, finding typical RIEs at the 0.1 to 0.5 µrad noise level, but
were left with 26 exceptional events with anomalous RIEs at the 1 to 10 µrad level that remained unexplained. In this study, we focused on
investigating the causes of the high RIE of these exceptional events,
employing detailed along-ray-path analyses of atmospheric and ionospheric
refractivities, impact parameter changes, and bending angles and RIEs under
asymmetric and symmetric ionospheric structures. We found that the main
causes of the high RIEs are a combination of physics-based effects – where
asymmetric ionospheric conditions play the primary role, more than the
ionization level driven by solar activity – and technical ray tracer effects
due to occasions of imperfect smoothness in ionospheric refractivity model
derivatives. We also found that along-ray impact parameter variations of more
than 10 to 20 m are possible due to ionospheric asymmetries and,
depending on prevailing horizontal refractivity gradients, are positive or
negative relative to the initial impact parameter at the GNSS transmitter.
Furthermore, mesospheric RIEs are found generally higher than
upper-stratospheric ones, likely due to being closer in tangent point heights to
the ionospheric E layer peaking near 105 km, which increases RIE
vulnerability. In the future we will further improve the along-ray modeling
system to fully isolate technical from physics-based effects and to use it
beyond this work for additional GNSS RO signal propagation studies.
Climatology of GPS signal loss observed by Swarm satellites
Authors: Xiong Chao , Stolle Claudia , Park Jaeheung 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. By using 3-year global positioning system (GPS) measurements from
December 2013 to November 2016, we provide in this study a detailed survey on
the climatology of the GPS signal loss of Swarm onboard receivers. Our
results show that the GPS signal losses prefer to occur at both low latitudes
between ±5 and ±20∘ magnetic latitude (MLAT) and high
latitudes above 60∘ MLAT in both hemispheres. These events at all
latitudes are observed mainly during equinoxes and December solstice months,
while totally absent during June solstice months. At low latitudes the GPS
signal losses are caused by the equatorial plasma irregularities shortly
after sunset, and at high latitude they are also highly related to the large
density gradients associated with ionospheric irregularities. Additionally,
the high-latitude events are more often observed in the Southern Hemisphere,
occurring mainly at the cusp region and along nightside auroral latitudes.
The signal losses mainly happen for those GPS rays with elevation angles less
than 20∘, and more commonly occur when the line of sight between GPS
and Swarm satellites is aligned with the shell structure of plasma
irregularities. Our results also confirm that the capability of the Swarm
receiver has been improved after the bandwidth of the phase-locked loop (PLL)
widened, but the updates cannot radically avoid the interruption in tracking
GPS satellites caused by the ionospheric plasma irregularities. Additionally,
after the PLL bandwidth increased larger than 0.5 Hz, some unexpected
signal losses are observed even at middle latitudes, which are not related to
the ionospheric plasma irregularities. Our results suggest that rather than
1.0 Hz, a PLL bandwidth of 0.5 Hz is a more suitable value
for the Swarm receiver. Keywords. Ionosphere (equatorial ionosphere; ionospheric irregularities) – radio science (radio wave propagation)
High-resolution observations in the western Mediterranean Sea: the REP14-MED experiment
Authors: Onken Reiner , Fiekas Heinz-Volker , Beguery Laurent , Borrione Ines , Funk Andreas , Hemming Michael , Hernandez-Lasheras Jaime , Heywood Karen J. , Kaiser Jan , Knoll Michaela , Mourre Baptiste , Oddo Paolo , Poulain Pierre-Marie , Queste Bastien Y. , Russo Aniello , Shitashima Kiminori , Siderius Martin , Thorp Küsel Elizabeth 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The observational part of the REP14-MED experiment was conducted in June 2014 in the Sardo-Balearic Basin west of Sardinia (western Mediterranean Sea). Two research vessels collected high-resolution oceanographic data by means of hydrographic casts, towed systems, and underway measurements. In addition, a vast amount of data was provided by a fleet of 11 ocean gliders, time series were available from moored instruments, and information on Lagrangian flow patterns was obtained from surface drifters and one profiling float. The spatial resolution of the observations encompasses a spectrum over 4 orders of magnitude from 𝒪(101 m) to 𝒪(105 m), and the time series from the moored instruments cover a spectral range of 5 orders from 𝒪(101 s) to 𝒪(106 s). The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the huge data set which has been utilised by various studies, focusing on (i) water masses and circulation, (ii) operational forecasting, (iii) data assimilation, (iv) variability of the ocean, and (v) new payloads for gliders.
Preventieve politiecontroles en interne grenscontroles in het Schengengebied
Authors: Rodrigues Peter , van der Woude Maartje 
Published: April 2018

Preventive Policing and Intra-Schengen Border Control
Ever since the 2015 start of what is now often referred to as the European ‘migration crisis’, European member states have been struggling with one of the key fundaments of the European Union and in particular the Schengen Agreement: the principle of free movement. Whereas this principle entails that people should be able to move freely within the Schengen Area, as a result of the ongoing securitization and politicization of migration, Member States are exploring the different opportunities the Schengen Border Code allows them to monitor intra-Schengen cross-border mobility. In doing so, countries seem to have two options: either to temporarily reintroduce border controls or to – permanently – carry out police or immigration controls in an area around the border. In this article we explore and critically assess the choices various countries have made and what seems to be the position of the European Commission in all this.
Comparison of Cytopathologist-Performed Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration With Cytopathologist-Performed Palpation-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration: A Single Institutional Experience
Authors: Conrad Rachel , Yang Sung-Eun , Chang Shelley , Bhasin Meenakshi , Sullivan Peggy S. , Moatamed Neda A. , Lu David Y. 
Published: April 2018

Context.—Although fine-needle aspiration (FNA) practice by pathologists is now well established, it has been primarily performed by manual palpation. In recent years, pathologists have begun to venture into ultrasound-guided FNAs (UGFNAs). Reports on experiences with this relatively new technique for pathologists have shown promising results. However to date, there have been few studies in the literature comparing pathologist-performed UGFNA with the more traditional pathologist-performed palpation-guided FNA (PGFNA).Objective.—To compare UGFNA to PGFNA by cytopathologists at an academic medical center.Design.—A retrospective study of FNAs performed by cytopathologists within the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) pathology departmental FNA clinic was performed. Data collected included performance technique (UGFNA versus PGFNA), lesion site and size, adequacy status (nondiagnostic rate), and number of passes per procedure. Corresponding surgical pathology/flow cytometric/cytogenetic result follow-up was compared to FNA results. Findings between UGFNA and PGFNA cases were compared.Results.—Of 1029 FNA cases during the study period, there were 449 UGFNA cases (43.6%) and 580 PGFNA cases (56.4%). Nondiagnostic rates with UGFNA and PGFNA were 6.7% (30 of 449 cases) and 20.7% (120 of 580 cases), respectively. Nondiagnostic rate was also significantly lower with UGFNA than with PGFNA for lesions within the thyroid (6.0% versus 33.3%), head and neck (6.6% versus 21.2%), and salivary gland (6.2% versus 17.1%), and across all nodule sizes. A total of 495 of 1029 FNA cases (48.1%) had follow-up. Discordance rate was significantly lower with UGFNA than with PGFNA (5.4% versus 12.8%).Conclusions.—This study shows improved performance characteristics of cytopathologist-performed UGFNA versus PGFNA.
Programas de intervención para la mejora de la imagen corporal en niños de Educación Primaria
Authors: León González M. P. , González-Martí I. , Contreras Jordán O. R. 
Published: April 2018

<p align="left">Los problemas derivados de una imagen corporal negativa conducen al desarrollo de programas educativos que, a través de distintos contenidos, tratan de mejorar la imagen corporal de los niños en edad escolar. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar las características y efectos de los programas más recientes para niños de Educación Primaria, a fin de conocer aquellos más eficaces. Se analizaron 21 programas, cuyos contenidos más comunes son autoestima, alfabetización mediática, alimentación saludable y actividad física. La mayoría de estos programas están basados en una metodología interactiva y un enfoque etiológico. En general, varios programas resultan efectivos en la mejora de algunos factores de riesgo, aunque se ha observado poco efecto en los insultos sobre apariencia, la insatisfacción corporal y las conductas o síntomas de desórdenes alimentarios, tanto en el post-test como en el seguimiento. Algunas limitaciones son la falta de un grupo control y una evaluación de seguimiento.</p>
Characterization and comparison of the intestinal microbiota in Chinese Shanxi black pig during the weaning and nursery periods
Authors: Gao Pengfei , Wang Haizhen , Cheng Zhimin , Wang Yuanyuan , Song Pengkang , Guo Xiaohong , Duan Zhibian , Cao Guoqing , Liu Jianfeng , Du Min , Li Bugao 
Published: April 2018

Background. The intestinal microbiota plays essential functions that affect piglet health at the weaning stage. However, our understanding of the succession of bacterial intestinal communities during weaning and Nursery Periods of pig is limited.
Methods. To better understand this, we performed 16S rDNA gene sequencing of the contents of four distinct intestinal segments [duodenum (D), jejunum (J), ileum (I), and cecum (C)] in six Chinese Shanxi Black pigs at day 25 (B25 group; i.e., weaning) and day 70 (B70 group; i.e., nursery).
Results. We found that the dominant phyla are Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. In addition, the dominant genera were Acinetobacter, Prevotella, Streptococcus, and SMB53 (Clostridiaceae). The microbiota in the B25 group across segments were significantly different from that in the corresponding segments in the B70 group. In addition, the distinct segments in the B70 group presented a continuum consisting of compartmentalized architecture whereas the distinct segments in B25 group were relatively similar. The predicted molecular function analysis revealed higher enrichments in associated metabolisms as well as stress-induced functions in the B25 group.
Conclusions. This study provides insights into the succession of intestinal microbiota in Chinese Shanxi Black pigs before and after weaning, and provides reference for improving the intestinal development of piglets.
Palmitic acid induces neurotoxicity and gliatoxicity in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma and T98G human glioblastoma cells
Authors: Ng Yee-Wen , Say Yee-How 
Published: April 2018

Background
Obesity-related central nervous system (CNS) pathologies like neuroinflammation and reactive gliosis are associated with high-fat diet (HFD) related elevation of saturated fatty acids like palmitic acid (PA) in neurons and astrocytes of the brain.

Methods
Human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y (as a neuronal model) and human glioblastoma cells T98G (as an astrocytic model), were treated with 100–500 µM PA, oleic acid (OA) or lauric acid (LA) for 24 h or 48 h, and their cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The effects of stable overexpression of γ-synuclein (γ-syn), a neuronal protein recently recognized as a novel regulator of lipid handling in adipocytes, and transient overexpression of Parkinson’s disease (PD) α-synuclein [α-syn; wild-type (wt) and its pathogenic mutants A53T, A30P and E46K] in SH-SY5Y and T98G cells, were also evaluated. The effects of co-treatment of PA with paraquat (PQ), a Parkinsonian pesticide, and leptin, a hormone involved in the brain-adipose axis, were also assessed. Cell death mode and cell cycle were analyzed by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was determined using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescien diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay and lipid peroxidation level was determined using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay.

Results
MTT assay revealed dose- and time-dependent PA cytotoxicity on SH-SY5Y and T98G cells, but not OA and LA. The cytotoxicity was significantly lower in SH-SY5Y-γ-syn cells, while transient overexpression of wt α-syn or its PD mutants (A30P and E46K, but not A53T) modestly (but still significantly) rescued the cytotoxicity of PA in SH-SY5Y and T98G cells. Co-treatment of increasing concentrations of PQ exacerbated PA’s neurotoxicity. Pre-treatment of leptin, an anti-apoptotic adipokine, did not successfully rescue SH-SY5Y cells from PA-induced cytotoxicity—suggesting a mechanism of PA-induced leptin resistance. Annexin V/PI flow cytometry analysis revealed PA-induced increase in percentages of cells in annexin V-positive/PI-negative quadrant (early apoptosis) and subG0-G1 fraction, accompanied by a decrease in G2-M phase cells. The PA-induced ROS production and lipid peroxidation was at greater extent in T98G as compared to that in SH-SY5Y.

Discussion
In conclusion, PA induces apoptosis by increasing oxidative stress in neurons and astrocytes. Taken together, the results suggest that HFD may cause neuronal and astrocytic damage, which indirectly proposes that CNS pathologies involving neuroinflammation and reactive gliosis could be prevented via the diet regimen.