bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship among angiotensinogen genes polymorphisms and hs‐CRP and coronary artery disease
Authors: Zhu Min , Lin Jiangbo , Wang Chen , Yang Minjun , Lv Haiyan , Yang Mengqi , Xu Baohui , Chen Xiaofeng , Jiang Jianjun 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the association of gene polymorphisms of angiotensinogen (AGT), the key factor in rennin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS), with high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsThe current study recruited the patients who were hospitalized and assessed by coronary angiography for suspected CAD. The patients with documented CAD served as CAD group (n = 492) while the patients without documented CAD (n = 87) served as control group. We compared laboratory data and CAD risk factors between the two groups. Furthermore, we analyzed the association of AGT M235T, G217A, G152A, G‐6A, A‐20C genotypes with coronary artery stenosis and in‐stent restenosis.ResultsThere were significantly differences between two patient groups in sex, smoking history, diabetes mellitus, carotid atherosclerosis, lower limb arteriosclerosis, hs‐CRP, blood glucose, and the level of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL; P < 0.05). In CAD group, hs‐CRP levels increased with increasing number of coronary artery branches (1, 2, or ≥3; P < 0.01), and Gensini integral was positively correlated with hs‐CRP levels (r = 0.361, P < 0.01). Frequencies of genotype and allele distribution in individual angiotensinogen loci (M235T, G217A, G152A, G‐6A, A‐20C) did not differ in two patient groups. Following stratification of patients according to hs‐CRP levels (<1 mg/L, 1‐3 mg/L, and >3 mg/L), the distribution frequency of allele M235T was statistically different among the groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn CAD patients, M235T among several AGT gene polymorphisms is associated with elevated hs‐CRP levels with AGT C allele as the significant factor for patients with hs‐CRP level of more than 1 mg/L.
Taurine‐upregulated gene 1: A functional long noncoding RNA in tumorigenesis
Authors: Ghaforui‐Fard Soudeh , Vafaee Reza , Taheri Mohammad 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTaurine‐upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) is a 7.1 kb long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) first recognized in 2005 as an important element for retinal development in rodents. Subsequently, this lncRNA has been shown to participate in oncogenic processes through alteration in chromatin structure, sponging microRNAs, and affecting the expression of some cancer‐related pathways. While most of the studies have revealed an oncogenic role for this lncRNA, some reports have shown downregulation of TUG1 in lung cancer samples compared with noncancerous samples. In triple negative breast cancer samples, the expression of this lncRNA has been decreased. Besides, its expression has been higher in HER2‐enriched and basal‐like subtypes compared with luminal A. In the current review, we discuss the latest literature about the expression pattern and functional roles of TUG1 in diverse cancer types. In addition, its role in epithelial−mesenchymal transition and activation of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in human malignancies will be explored.
The interplay between TGF‐β‐stimulated TSC22 domain family proteins regulates cell‐cycle dynamics in medulloblastoma cells
Authors: Dragotto Jessica , Canterini Sonia , Del Porto Paola , Bevilacqua Arturo , Fiorenza Maria Teresa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractProteins belonging to the TGFβ‐stimulated clone 22 domain (TSC22D) family display a repertoire of activities, regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The tumor suppressor activity of the first identified member of the family, TSC22D1 (formerly named TSC‐22), has been extensively studied, but afterward a longer isoform encoded by the same gene turned out to play an opposite role.We have previously characterized the role of TSC22D1 and TSC22D4 in cell differentiation using granule neurons (GNs) isolated from the mouse cerebellum. However, the possibility to study the role of these factors in cell proliferation was limited by the fact that GNs readily exit from the cell‐cycle and differentiate upon isolation and in vitro culture. To overcome this limitation, we have now exploited DAOY medulloblastoma cells, which are ontogenetically similar to cerebellar GNs and can be efficiently transfected with interfering RNA for gene knockdown purposes.Our findings indicate that TSC22D4–TSC22D1 short isoform heterodimers are involved in the escape from cell proliferation and exit from the cell‐cycle, whereas, the TSC22D1 long isoform is required for cell proliferation, acting independently from TSC22D4. We also show that the silencing of specific expression of TSC22D4 or TSC22D1 isoforms affects the cell‐cycle progression. These findings add a novel insight on the function of TSC22D proteins, with particular reference to the tumor suppressor activity of the TSC22D1 short isoform, which is re‐framed within the context of a functional interplay with TSC22D4 and the mutually exclusive expression with the TSC22D1 long isoform.
Identification of biomarkers and genetic approaches toward chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Wadhwa Ridhima , Aggarwal Taru , Malyla Vamshikrishna , Kumar Nitesh , Gupta Gaurav , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar , Dureja Harish , Mehta Meenu , Satija Saurabh , Gulati Monica , Maurya Pawan Kumar , Collet Trudi , Hansbro Philip Michael , Dua Kamal 
Published: March 2019

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease accounts as the leading cause of mortality worldwide prominently affected by genetic and environmental factors. The disease is characterized by persistent coughing, breathlessness airways inflammation followed by a decrease in forced expiratory volume1 and exacerbations, which affect the quality of life. Determination of genetic, epigenetic, and oxidant biomarkers to evaluate the progression of disease has proved complicated and challenging. Approaches including exome sequencing, genome‐wide association studies, linkage studies, and inheritance and segregation studies played a crucial role in the identification of genes, their pathways and variation in genes. This review highlights multiple approaches for biomarker and gene identification, which can be used for differential diagnosis along with the genome editing tools to study genes associated with the development of disease and models their function. Further, we have discussed the approaches to rectify the abnormal gene functioning of respiratory tissues and various novel gene editing techniques like Zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), transcription activator‐like effector nucleases (TALEN), and clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9).
Sirt6 deletion in hepatocytes increases insulin sensitivity of female mice by enhancing ERα expression
Authors: Tang Chuanfeng , Liu Peiyu , Zhou Yu , Jiang Bijie , Song Yu , Sheng Liang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSirtuin 6 (Sirt6), a NAD+‐dependent protein deacetylase, is involved in hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, which impact metabolic homeostasis. In this paper, we discover that Sirt6 affects the insulin sensitivity of mice in a gender‐dependent manner; few studies have been conducted on this issue. Based on reports revealing the influences of sex hormones on insulin signaling, this investigation explores the mechanism by which Sirt6 regulates the estrogen pathway and disrupts insulin signal transduction. Hepatocyte‐specific Sirt6 knockout (Sirt6HKO) mice were generated to investigate the function of Sirt6 in hepatocytes. Mice were castrated or spayed to eliminate sex hormones. Insulin sensitivity was assessed via an insulin tolerance test (ITT) in vivo. The interaction of Sirt6 with the estrogen pathway and their impacts on insulin signal transduction were revealed by immunoblot and immunoprecipitation. Sirt6 deletion in hepatocytes significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity and signal transduction in female mice but not in male or spayed female mice as demonstrated by ITT and the phosphorylation level of Akt in the liver. We also identified upregulation of p300, ERα, and interaction of ERα with p85 in the liver of female Sirt6HKO mice. Additionally, Sirt6 was found to inhibit ERα protein stability in a p300‐dependent manner without interacting directly with ERα. Our findings show that hepatic Sirt6 downregulates the ERα protein level in a p300‐dependent manner and thus disturbs estrogen‐induced improvement in insulin sensitivity in the liver, which may partially explain the gender difference in insulin sensitivity.
Dephosphorylation‐induced EZH2 activation mediated RECK downregulation by ERK1/2 signaling
Authors: Ning Shilong , Ma Xiao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe reversion‐inducing cysteine‐rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) gene, a widely known cancer inhibitor, could effectively suppress cancer metastasis and angiogenesis. Downregulation or loss of RECK expression frequently occurs during cancer progression. However, the mechanism underlying RECK dysregulation has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we reported for the first time that enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase, could epigenetically attenuate RECK expression via catalyzing H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) within the RECK promoter. Furthermore, we also proved, for the first time, the involvement of EZH2 in the inhibition of RECK by extracellular signal‐related kinases (ERK)‐1/2 signaling. Next, we revealed that the modulation of the enzymic activity of EZH2 resulting from posttranslational phosphorylation at the serine‐21 site was responsible for the increased enrichment of H3K27me3 at the RECK promoter region by ERK1/2 signaling. Collectively, the results of our study shed more light on the mechanisms responsible for the dysregulation of RECK by the ERK1/2 pathway.
Pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica, but not Entamoeba dispar, induce neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation
Authors: Fonseca Zayda , Uribe-Querol Eileen , Díaz-Godínez César , Carrero Julio C , Rosales Carlos 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Amoebiasis is an infection of global importance, caused by the eukaryotic parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Pathogenic E. histolytica is associated worldwide with over a million cases of amoebic dysentery, colitis, and amoebic liver abscess. In contrast, the nonpathogenic Entamoeba dispar does not cause these diseases, although it is commonly found in the same areas as pathogenic amoeba. Entamoeba histolytica infection is usually associated with infiltrating neutrophils. These neutrophils appear to play a defensive role against this parasite, by mechanisms not completely understood. Recently, our group reported that neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) are produced in response to E. histolytica trophozoites. But, there is no information on whether nonpathogenic E. dispar can also induce NET formation. In this report, we explored the possibility that E. dispar leads to NET formation. Neutrophils were stimulated by E. histolytica trophozoites or by E. dispar trophozoites, and NET formation was assessed by video microscopy. NET induced by E. histolytica were important for trapping and killing amoebas. In contrast, E. dispar did not induce NET formation in any condition. Also E. dispar did not induce neutrophil degranulation or reactive oxygen species production. In addition, E. histolytica-induced NET formation required alive amoebas and it was inhibited by galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, and lactose. These data show that only alive pathogenic E. histolytica activates neutrophils to produce NET, and suggest that recognition of the parasite involves a carbohydrate with an axial HO- group at carbon 4 of a hexose.
The unusual fragmentation of long‐chain feruloyl esters under negative ion electrospray conditions
Authors: Schmidt Jürgen , Kuck Dietmar , Franke Katrin , Sultani Haider , Laub Annegret , Wessjohann Ludger A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLong‐chain ferulic acid esters, such as eicosyl ferulate (1), show a complex and analytically valuable fragmentation behavior under negative ion electrospay collision‐induced dissociation ((−)‐ESI‐CID) mass spectrometry, as studied by use of a high‐resolution (Orbitrap) mass spectrometer. In a strong contrast to the very simple fragmentation of the [M + H]+ ion, which is discussed briefly, the deprotonated molecule, [M – H]−, exhibits a rich secondary fragmentation chemistry. It first loses a methyl radical (MS2) and the ortho‐quinoid [M – H – Me]‐• radical anion thus formed then dissociates by loss of an extended series of neutral radicals, CnH2n + 1• (n = 0–16) from the long alkyl chain, in competition with the expulsion of CO and CO2 (MS3). The further fragmentation (MS4) of the [M – H – Me – C3H7]− ion, discussed as an example, and the highly specific losses of alkyl radicals from the [M – H – Me – CO]‐• and [M – H – Me – CO2]‐• ions provide some mechanistic and structural insights.
Evaluation and optimization of the potential of a handheld Raman spectrometer: in situ, noninvasive materials characterization in artworks
Authors: Pozzi Federica , Basso Elena , Rizzo Adriana , Cesaratto Anna , Tague Thomas J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDecades of technological and methodological advances in Raman spectroscopy have brought this technique from laboratory innovation to a well‐established analytical tool with increasing applicability to the study of cultural heritage objects. Enduring research in the field of miniaturization has given rise to new generations of mobile, portable, and handheld spectrometers that have deeply transformed the way in which scientists approach materials analysis. Although sometimes limited in terms of performance and flexibility compared with their benchtop counterparts, miniaturized instruments are typically compact and light, user‐friendly, and equipped with fiber optics and batteries, thus enabling the operator to easily transport them and collect data in the field in a timely manner. In this work, a new handheld Raman spectrometer was evaluated for the in situ, noninvasive analysis of organic and inorganic materials in artworks from five prestigious New York City museums. Relevant examples include the following: the investigation of indigotin‐containing plant dyes in Romano‐Egyptian funerary portraits from the Brooklyn Museum; the detection and identification of natural blue colorants and mineral pigments in Medieval and Renaissance manuscripts from The Morgan Library & Museum; the study of a yellow pigment and a proteinaceous inlay material on a 12th‐century Korean lacquered box in the collection of The Metropolitan Museum of Art; the characterization of synthetic organic dyes and pigments used by Henri Matisse in one of his cutouts belonging to The Museum of Modern Art; and the identification of different plastics, fillers, and pigments in a work by Jeff Koons in the holdings of the Whitney Museum of American Art.
Is Viewing Mass Trauma Television Coverage Associated With Trauma Reactions in Adults and Youth? A Meta‐Analytic Review
Authors: Pfefferbaum Betty , Nitiéma Pascal , Newman Elana 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study presents the findings of meta‐analyses examining the association between viewing mass trauma television coverage and posttraumatic stress (PTS) outcomes as well as acute stress reactions (ASR) among adults and youth. A literature search identified 43 (N = 31,162) studies assessing the association between viewing mass trauma television coverage and PTS and four (N = 9,083) assessing the association with ASR. The overall size of the association between viewing television coverage and PTS, estimated using a random‐effect model, was small but statistically significant, r = .17, 95% CI [.13, .22]. The moderator analysis examined eight preselected variables: man‐made versus natural trauma, specific incident versus chronic stressor, adult versus youth sample, proximal versus distal event exposure, television only versus combined media form, specific content in coverage versus no specific content, quantification of media contact using numeric measurement versus subjective measurement versus a binary item, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) versus posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) outcome. The analysis revealed a statistically significant moderation effect for the quantification of media contact (numeric vs. subjective vs. binary) only, which accounted for 19% of the observed heterogeneity. With a summary estimate of r = .26, 95% CI [.06, .44], the analysis of the ASR studies corroborated the PTS findings. The results suggest that clinicians and public health practitioners should discuss mass trauma television viewing with their patients and with the public. Limitations of the extant research are discussed.
Cumulative Disaster Exposure and Mental and Physical Health Symptoms Among a Large Sample of Gulf Coast Residents
Authors: Lowe Sarah R. , McGrath John A. , Young Megan N. , Kwok Richard K. , Engel Lawrence S. , Galea Sandro , Sandler Dale P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA large body of research has linked disaster exposure to adverse mental and physical health outcomes. Few studies, however, have explored the cumulative impact of exposure to multiple disasters. Participants (N = 8,366) from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Gulf Long‐Term Follow‐Up Study were classified as having been exposed to both, either, or neither Hurricane Katrina and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DHOS). Participants also reported on a range of mental and physical health symptoms. Logistic regression models found that participants who were exposed to both disasters had significantly higher odds of probable generalized anxiety disorder, odds ratio (OR) = 1.72, 95% CI [1.52, 1.96]; major depression, OR = 1.53, 95% CI [1.32, 1.77]; and posttraumatic stress disorder, OR = 2.51, 95% CI [2.03, 3.10], than participants who were exposed to only one disaster, ps < .001. Additionally, a linear regression model found that participants who were exposed to both disasters had significantly more physical health symptoms at the time of the spill than those who were exposed to only one disaster, B = 0.99, SE = .20, p < .001. The results indicate that cumulative disaster exposure confers enhanced risk for adverse mental and physical health outcomes. The findings demonstrate that screening for prior exposure among disaster‐affected individuals might identify those at greatest risk for adverse health outcomes.
Internal waves influence the thermal and nutrient environment on a shallow coral reef
Authors: Reid Emma C. , DeCarlo Thomas M. , Cohen Anne L. , Wong George T. F. , Lentz Steven J. , Safaie Aryan , Hall Austin , Davis Kristen A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInternal waves can influence water properties in coastal ecosystems through the shoreward transport and mixing of subthermocline water into the nearshore region. In June 2014, a field experiment was conducted at Dongsha Atoll in the northern South China Sea to study the impact of internal waves on a coral reef. Instrumentation included a distributed temperature sensing system, which resolved spatially and temporally continuous temperature measurements over a 4‐km cross‐reef section from the lagoon to 50‐m depth on the fore reef. Our observations show that during summer, internal waves shoaling on the shallow atoll regularly transport cold, nutrient‐rich water shoreward, altering near‐surface water properties on the fore reef. This water is transported shoreward of the reef crest by tides, breaking surface waves and wind‐driven flow, where it significantly alters the water temperature and nutrient concentrations on the reef flat. We find that without internal wave forcing on the fore reef, temperatures on the reef flat could be up to 2.0°C ± 0.2°C warmer. Additionally, we estimate a change in degree heating weeks of 0.7°C‐weeks warmer without internal waves, which significantly increases the probability of a more severe bleaching event occurring at Dongsha Atoll. Furthermore, using nutrient samples collected on the fore reef during the study, we estimated that instantaneous onshore nitrate flux is about four‐fold higher with internal waves than without internal waves. This work highlights the importance of internal waves as a physical mechanism shaping the nearshore environment, and likely supporting resilience of the reef.
The effect of CeCl3 inhibitor on the localized corrosion of stainless steel in chloride solutions
Authors: Alar Vesna , Novak Amalija H. , Runje Biserka , Kurtela Marin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStainless steels have been used extensively in many sectors such as medical and household appliances as well as construction. This has been primarily due to their high resistance to corrosion attacks, reasonable cost, and excellent mechanical properties. However, when placed in corrosive media stainless steel is susceptible to localized corrosion attacks, especially when placed in chloride solutions. The paper explores the issue of corrosion liability of austenitic (AISI 316) and duplex (UNS S32205) stainless steels in et aconditions of seawater environment as well as under the influence of an inhibitor in the same environmental conditions. The behavior of stainless steels was examined via electrochemical testing relying on DC and AC techniques, optical metallographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Duplex stainless steel showed better resistance to localized corrosion but a higher tendency toward general corrosion in all examined solutions. Cerium chloride in a chloride solution showed inhibiting properties for both the AISI 316 and the UNS S32205.
Corrosion of low alloy steel in stagnant artificial or stirred natural seawater: The role of Al and Cr
Authors: Refait Philippe , Jeannin Marc , Urios Thomas , Fagot Anne , Sabot René 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCarbon steel and low alloy (containing Al and Cr) steel coupons were immersed for 6–7 months in stagnant artificial seawater or in natural marine site. The corrosion processes were studied via the combination of electrochemical techniques and the analysis of corrosion product layers by µ‐Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. In natural seawater, the low alloy steel showed better resistance to corrosion and the best results were obtained when the mill scale was removed from the steel surface. This shows that improved corrosion resistance is due to a protective layer that forms spontaneously in the environment. In stagnant artificial seawater, the behavior of low alloy steel coupons (without mill scale) was compared with that of carbon steel coupons. The polarization resistance of the carbon steel coupons remained approximately constant over time. The corrosion product layer proved to be mainly composed of magnetite, an electronic conductor that does not hinder oxygen reduction. In contrast, the polarization resistance of the low alloy steel coupons increased with time, as the growing corrosion product layer, enriched with insulating FeOOH compounds, hindered oxygen diffusion.