bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Responses and Links of N:P Ratio Among Ecosystem Components Under Nutrient Addition in a Temperate Forest
Authors: Shen Ying , Tian Dashuan , Jiang Liangchao , Wang Jinsong , Chen Xinli , Li Yong , Wang Bingxue , Li Zhaolei , Fu Yiwen , Hou Jihua , Niu Shuli 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition have increased rapidly during the past decades, which likely changes soil N and P availability. These soil resource variations will further affect N, P concentration and N:P ratio in different ecosystem pools (i.e., soil, leaf, litter, root, and microbe). Various pools may show different stoichiometric responses to nutrient enrichment, with a further influence on ecosystem nutrient cycling. However, few studies have been conducted to fully examine the stoichiometric responses of different pools and their nutrient relationships in a given ecosystem. Here we established a 2‐year experiment of N (10 g m−2 year−1), P (10 g m−2 year−1), and combined N + P addition in a temperate forest of Changbai Mountain. We found significantly different N:P stoichiometric responses among various ecosystem components under P addition, with the leaves showing a higher response than litter and root while microbe behaving the lowest response. The responses of N:P ratio to N + P addition were similar with those under P addition in all pools. In most cases, N addition did not significantly affect N:P ratio. These results indicate that N:P ratio response was mainly determined by changes in P rather than N concentration in this temperate forest ecosystem. Moreover, we found tighter N:P stoichiometric correlations than elements among diverse ecosystem components under nutrient addition. Overall, our research reveals different responses and tight links of element stoichiometric variations among various ecosystem components in face of nutrient enrichment. It calls our attention to considering stoichiometric changes in the whole ecosystem beyond individual plant organ or microbial component.
In silico chemical screening identifies epidermal growth factor receptor as a therapeutic target of drug-tolerant CD44v9-positive gastric cancer cells
Authors: Mashima Tetsuo , Iwasaki Risa , Kawata Naomi , Kawakami Ryuhei , Kumagai Koshi , Migita Toshiro , Sano Takeshi , Yamaguchi Kensei , Seimiya Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Tumours consist of heterogeneous cancer cells and are likely to contain drug-tolerant cell subpopulations, causing early relapse. However, treatment strategies to eliminate these cells have not been established.

Methods
We established gastric cancer patient-derived cells (PDCs) to examine the contribution of CD44 splicing variant 9 (CD44v9)-positive cells in gastric cancer drug tolerance. We performed gene expression signature-based in silico screening using JFCR_LinCAGE, our anticancer compound gene expression database and subsequent validation in BALB/c-nu/nu mouse xenograft to identify agents targeting the drug-tolerant cancer cells.

Results
CD44v9-positive cancer cells were enriched among residual cancer cells after treatment with SN-38, an active metabolic of irinotecan. CD44v9 protein was responsible for this drug resistance. We identified epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors as agents that can target CD44v9-positive cell populations in gastric cancer PDCs. CD44v9 promoted cell proliferation, and EGFR inhibition attenuated CD44v9 protein expression through downregulation of the AKT and the ERK signalling pathways, leading to preferential suppression of CD44v9-positive cells. Importantly, EGFR inhibitors significantly reduced the number of residual cancer cells after cytotoxic anticancer drug treatment and enhanced the antitumor effect of irinotecan in vivo.

Conclusions
EGFR inhibitors could be potential agents to eradicate cytotoxic anticancer drug-tolerant gastric cancer cell populations.
Quasar main sequence: A line or a plane
Authors: Wildy Conor , Czerny Bożena , Panda Swayamtrupta 
Published: October 2019

Context. A quasar main sequence is widely believed to reveal itself through objects represented in a plane spanned by two parameters: the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of Hβ and the ratio of Fe II to Hβ equivalent width. This sequence is related to the application to quasar properties of principal component analysis (PCA), which reveals that the main axis of variance (eigenvector 1) is codirectional with a strong anticorrelation between these two measurements.
Aims. We aim to determine whether the dominance of two eigenvectors, originally discovered over two decades ago, is replicated in newer high-quality quasar samples. If so, we aim to test whether a nonlinear approach is an improvement on the linear PCA method by finding two new parameters that represent a more accurate projection of the variances than the eigenvectors recovered from PCA.
Methods. We selected quasars from the X-shooter archive and a major quasar catalog to build high-quality samples. These samples were tested with PCA.
Results. We find that the new high-quality samples indeed have two dominant eigenvectors as originally discovered. Subsequently, we find that fitting a nonlinear decay curve to the main sequence allows a new plane spanned by linearly independent axes to be defined; this is based on the distance along the decay curve as the main axis and the distance of each quasar data point from the curve as the secondary axis, respectively.
Conclusions. The results show that it is possible to define a new plane based on the quasar main sequence, which accounts for the majority of the variance. The most likely candidate for the new main axis is an anticorrelation with a black hole mass. In this case the secondary axis likely represents luminosity. However, given the results of previous studies, the inclination angle likely plays a role in the Hβ width.
Current Perceptions of the Aesthetically Ideal Position and Size of the Male Nipple-Areola Complex
Authors: Kaoutzanis Christodoulos , Schneeberger Steven J , Wormer Blair , Song Haocan , Ye Fei , Al Kassis Salam , Winocour Julian , Higdon Kent , Perdikis Galen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The dimensions of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) and its location on the chest wall are important aesthetic factors in male breast surgery.

Objectives
This study examines the perceptions of aesthetic surgeons and the general population for the aesthetically ideal position and size of male NAC.

Methods
An online survey was distributed to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) members and to the general population. Parameters queried included demographics for all participants and academic details for ASAPS members. Both surveys included a male model picture with 16 separate choices for the NAC position from a frontal view, 5 choices for the NAC position from a lateral view, and 6 choices for the NAC dimensions. For all 3 sets of images, the participants were asked to rank the top 3 images they considered most “aesthetically pleasing” in descending order. A weighted scoring rule was created to quantitatively evaluate image choices. Standard statistical methods were employed for analysis.

Results
The survey was completed by 272 ASAPS members and 4909 participants from the general population. The top 3 choices for NAC location on frontal view were the same for ASAPS members and the general population. The most popular NAC location on lateral view was the same for both groups, but the preferred locations differed between the 2 groups for the second and third choices. The most popular dimensions of the NAC were 2 cm (vertical) × 3 cm (horizontal) followed by 2 cm × 2 cm for both groups. Comparison of the 3 top image choices scores between different ethnic groups and individuals with different gender or sexual orientation demonstrated similar trends.

Conclusions
This survey identified the preferred position and dimensions of the NAC on the male breast for plastic surgeons and the general population. These parameters should be considered when counseling males undergoing breast surgery.
Frequency dependence of the polar motion resonance
Authors: Bizouard C , Nurul Huda I , Ziegler Y , Lambert S 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARY
The nutation of the Celestial Intermediate Pole can be considered as a retrograde diurnal polar motion. As the common polar motion, it presents a resonance, but with period TPM and quality factor QPM differing from the ones characterizing the Chandler wobble (TCW = 430.2−431.6 d, QCW in the interval (56 255) according to Nastula & Gross): according to the nutation analysis presented in a separate paper, this period is about TPM = 380 d and the quality factor becomes −10. In this study, we aim to revisit the geophysical interpretation of this result. Two complementary factors account for the observed values: the non-equilibrium response of the ocean to the pole tide potential in the diurnal band, and the resonance of the solid Earth tide at the free core nutation period. This leads to a resonance of TPM in the vicinity of the free core nutation period, confirmed by estimates derived from nutation analysis.
Genetic relatedness and space use in two populations of striped hyenas (Hyaena hyaena)
Authors: Califf Katy J , Green David S , Wagner Aaron P , Scribner Kim T , Beatty Karen , Wagner Meredith E , Holekamp Kay E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Surprising social complexity and variability have recently been documented in several mammalian species once believed to be strictly solitary, and variation in resource abundance may drive this variation in sociality. Wagner et al. (Wagner, A. P., S. Creel, L. G. Frank, and S. T. Kalinowski. 2007. Patterns of relatedness and parentage in an asocial, polyandrous striped hyena population. Molecular Ecology 16:4356–4369) reported unusual space-use patterns among female striped hyenas (Hyaena hyaena) in central Kenya, where pairwise relatedness among females increased with the geographic distance separating them. The authors suggested that this pattern, very rare among mammals, might reflect attempts by females to avoid competition with close relatives for scarce resources in areas of range overlap. Here, we compare those data to new data, documenting genetic relatedness and space use in a previously unstudied wild population of striped hyenas in southern Kenya. We tested hypotheses suggesting that resource abundance and population density affect patterns of genetic relatedness and geographic distance in this species. Our results suggest that higher per capita prey density results in relaxed competition for food, and greater social tolerance among female striped hyenas. A hypothesis suggesting lower population density in the southern population was not supported. Relaxed resource competition also may lead to female–female cooperation in the southern population; we documented for the first time behavioral evidence of den sharing by adult female striped hyenas. Our data indicate that different populations of this little-studied species exhibit behavioral plasticity; in this case, markedly different space-use patterns and patterns of spatial relatedness under different ecological conditions.
A simulated annealing algorithm to quantify patterns in astronomical data
Authors: Chira Maria , Plionis Manolis 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We develop an optimization algorithm, using simulated annealing for the quantification of patterns in astronomical data based on techniques developed for robotic vision applications. The methodology falls in the category of cost minimization algorithms and it is based on user-determined interaction – among the pattern elements – criteria that define the properties of the sought structures. We applied the algorithm on a large variety of mock images and we constrained the free parameters; α and k, which express the amount of noise in the image and how strictly the algorithm seeks for cocircular structures, respectively. We find that the two parameters are interrelated and also that, independently of the pattern properties, an appropriate selection for most of the images would be log k = −2 and 0 < α ≲ 0.04. The width of the effective α-range, for different values of k, is reduced when more interaction coefficients are taken into account for the definition of the patterns of interest. Finally, we applied the algorithm on N-body simulation dark-matter halo data and on the HST image of the lensing Abell 2218 cluster to conclude that this versatile technique could be applied for the quantification of structure and for identifying coherence in astronomical patterns.
Later puberty onset among chronically undernourished adolescents living in a Karachi slum, Pakistan
Authors: Campisi Susan C. , Humayun Khadija N. , Rizvi Arjumand , Lou Wendy , Söder Olle , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo assess factors associated with the timing of puberty onset (Tanner Stage Breast 2/Genital 2) among adolescents living in an urban slum in Karachi, Pakistan.MethodsGirls enrolled at 8‐10 years (n = 1009) and boys 9‐11 years (n = 863) were followed every 6 months from 2006 to 2010. Parametric survival analysis for interval‐censored data was used to estimate median age at puberty onset and assess the association between exposures and timing of puberty onset.ResultsThe overall median age at Tanner Stage Breast 2 (AAB2) was 10.1 years (95% CI: 10.1; 10.5), and the median age at Tanner Stage Genital 2 (AAG2) was 10.1 years (95% CI: 10.1; 10.6). Stunting delayed AAB2 1 year and AAG2 about 6 months when compared to non‐stunted peers. In the multivariable model, after adjusting for age at enrolment, stunting, thinness and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) were significantly associated with delayed AAB2, while stunting and anaemia were significantly associated with delayed AAG2.ConclusionAmong adolescents living in the Karachi slum, stunting and highly prevalent anaemia delayed AAG2, while stunting, thinness and VAD delayed AAG2. Parental and household factors were not significantly associated with the timing of puberty onset.
Pacinian collagenoma: A distinct form of sclerotic fibroma
Authors: Krivošíková Lucia , Janega Pavol , Babala Jozef , Babál Pavel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSclerotic fibroma (storiform collagenoma) is a rare benign skin tumor. A solitary tumor, as well as multifocal lesions, are found either sporadically, or associated with Cowden syndrome. The tumor usually presents as clinically asymptomatic, slowly growing papule or nodule on the skin of the head, neck, and upper extremities. Microscopically the lesion is sharply demarcated, composed of hyalinized bands of collagen with low cellularity and a distinctive irregularly whorled or storiform pattern. We describe a case of a unique variant of this tumor in the scalp of a 33‐year‐old male. The tumor was microscopically composed of concentrically arranged collagen bundles with prevailing type III collagen, which resembled an enlarged Vater‐Pacini corpuscle, with low density of CD34‐positive and glucose transporter 1‐negative spindle shaped cells. The specific microscopic appearance is suggestive of the term “Pacinian collagenoma” for this unique benign tumor.
Myeloid HIF‐1α regulates pulmonary inflammation during experimental Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Resende Mariana , Ferreira Catarina M. , Barbosa Ana Margarida , Cardoso Marcos S. , Sousa Jeremy , Saraiva Margarida , Castro António G. , Appelberg Rui , Torrado Egídio 
Published: October 2019

Summary
The transcription factor hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α) is a key regulator of the response and function of myeloid cells in hypoxic and inflammatory microenvironments. To define the role of HIF‐1α in tuberculosis, the progression of aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was analysed in mice deficient in HIF‐1α in the myeloid lineage (mHIF‐1α−/−). We show that myeloid HIF‐1α is not required for the containment of the infection, as both wild‐type (WT) and mHIF‐1α−/− mice mounted normal Th1 responses and maintained control of bacterial growth throughout infection. However, during chronic infection mHIF‐1α−/− mice developed extensive lymphocytic inflammatory involvement of the interstitial lung tissue and died earlier than WT mice. These data support the hypothesis that HIF‐1α activity coordinates the response of myeloid cells during M. tuberculosis infection to prevent excessive leucocyte recruitment and immunopathological consequences to the host.
Risk factors and complications after body‐contouring surgery and the amount of stromal vascular fraction cells found in subcutaneous tissue
Authors: Morandi Evi M. , Ploner Christian , Wolfram Dolores , Tasch Christoph , Dostal Lucie , Ortner Felix , Pierer Gerhard , Verstappen Ralph 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBody contouring surgery following massive weight loss is often prone to complications. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is a rich source of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells, and moreover it plays an important role in the pathophysiology of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and wound healing. In this retrospective, single‐centred appraisal, complications are examined and correlated with individual SVF numbers in abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue. We analysed whether the weight loss method affected complications. Eighty seven massive weight loss patients undergoing body contouring surgery between 2010 and 2017 were included in the study. In total, 57 cases with at least one complication were recorded (65.5%). Maximum lifetime weight was 109.6 kg (range 48‐184 kg). Half of the complications (50.8%) were minor complications without the need for surgical revision. The mean number of SVF found in the resected tissue was 714 997.63 cells/g fat tissue. We found no statistical difference in complication rates dependent on cell numbers. Smoking (P = .049) and a high BMI at the time point of surgery (P = .031) led to significantly more complications. Also, a high resection weight (P = .057) showed a tendency for impaired wound healing. However, there was no difference in complication rates following body contouring procedures attributable to the method of weight loss in this study.
Primary appendicular soft‐tissue sarcoma resection: What tumour parameters affect wound closure planning?
Authors: Cawley Derek T. , Barrett Peter , Moran Barry , McGoldrick Niall P. , Gillham Charles , Codd Mary , O'Toole Gary C. , Kieser David C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWound closure after wide, local excision of an appendicular soft‐tissue sarcoma (STS) can be challenging. This study evaluates the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based tumour parameters in planning wound closure. A total of 71 patients with a primary limb‐based STS, excluding vascular or osseous involvement, excluding the shoulder or hand and hip or foot were included. Axial MRI images were used to measure the circumferences and cross‐sectional areas of the limb, bone, and tumour. The tumour diameter, length, and depth at the level of maximal tumour dimension were measured to identify the tumour's relative contribution to the planning of optimal wound closure management through primary closure (PC) or reconstructive surgery (RS). Eighteen patients required planned wound RS. Wound complications occurred in 14% overall. Tumours, which were closed by PC, were of significantly greater depth, shorter radial diameter, and shorter tumour circumference relative to those closed by RS. On multivariate analysis, tumour depth was the greatest contributory factor in predicting type of wound closure. A quantitative analysis of MRI‐based tumour parameters demonstrates tumour depth as the most predictive factor in planning for the type of wound closure and may prove beneficial in providing greater insight into planned wound management of sarcoma resection.
Older age, symptoms, or anemia: Which factors increase colorectal cancer risk with a positive fecal immunochemical test?
Authors: Hamarneh Zaki , Symonds Erin L , Kholmurodova Feruza , Cock Charles 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and AimFecal immunochemical tests (FIT) are used to screen asymptomatic individuals aged 50–74 years for colorectal cancer (CRC) within the Australian screening program. Gastrointestinal symptoms or iron deficiency anemia (IDA) may also drive primary care physicians to request a FIT. This study aimed to examine factors that may increase neoplasia risk associated with a positive FIT, specifically age, gastrointestinal symptoms, or IDA.MethodsA retrospective audit was performed on colonoscopies performed in a single hospital in South Australia for a positive FIT (from all referral sources) between 2014 and 2017. Patients aged < 50 years, or who had a colonoscopy in the preceding 5 years, were excluded. A subgroup (n = 198) was evaluated to assess whether age ≥ 75 years, symptoms, or IDA, as well as other demographics, comorbidities, and medications, were associated with risk of neoplasia. Features found to be associated with risk for CRC or high‐risk adenoma were examined in the entire cohort using multivariate analysis.ResultsColonoscopies (750/4221, 17.8%) were completed in patients ≥ 50 years for a positive FIT. Of these, 7.6% (n = 57) also had gastrointestinal symptoms, 5.5% (n = 41) IDA, and 13.1% (n = 98) were ≥ 75 years. At colonoscopy, 2.8% (n = 21) were diagnosed with CRC and 23.2% (n = 174) with high‐risk adenoma. CRC was more prevalent in ≥ 75 years compared with 50–74 years (7.1% vs 2.1%, P = 0.005), and associated with symptoms (15.8% vs 1.7%, P < 0.001), and IDA (14.6% vs 2.1%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that IDA (odds ratio 7.68, P < 0.001) and symptoms (odds ratio 10.37, P < 0.001), but not age, were independent risk factors for CRC.ConclusionThe presence of gastrointestinal symptoms or IDA, independent of age, is associated with an increased risk for CRC following a positive FIT.