bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A set of plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance markers and Cre recombinase for genetic engineering of nonconventional yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
Authors: Bizzarri Melissa , Cassanelli Stefano , Dušková Michala , Sychrová Hana , Solieri Lisa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe so‐called nonconventional yeasts are becoming increasingly attractive in food and industrial biotechnology. Among them, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii is known to be halotolerant, osmotolerant, petite negative, and poorly Crabtree positive. These traits and the high fermentative vigour make this species very appealing for industrial and food applications. Nevertheless, the biotechnological exploitation of Z. rouxii has been biased by the low availability of genetic engineering tools and the recalcitrance of this yeast towards the most conventional transformation procedures. Centromeric and episomal Z. rouxii plasmids have been successfully constructed with prototrophic markers, which limited their usage to auxotrophic strains, mainly derived from the Z. rouxii haploid type strain Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS) 732T. By contrast, the majority of industrially promising Z. rouxii yeasts are prototrophic and allodiploid/aneuploid strains. In order to expand the genetic tools for manipulating these strains, we developed two centromeric and two episomal vectors harbouring KanMXR and ClonNATR as dominant drug resistance markers, respectively. We also constructed the plasmid pGRCRE that allows the Cre recombinase‐mediated marker recycling during multiple gene deletions. As proof of concept, pGRCRE was successfully used to rescue the kanMX–loxP module in Z. rouxii ATCC 42981 G418‐resistant mutants previously constructed by replacing the MATαP expression locus with the loxP–kanMX–loxP cassette.
Entrepreneurship, the Rule of Law, and Protection of Property Rights
Authors: Elert Niklas , Henrekson Magnus , Sanders Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProperty rights protection and the rule of law are arguably the most fundamental economic institutions of any society. They form the foundation of any entrepreneurial ecosystem and affect the effectiveness of collaborative innovation blocs. To promote an entrepreneurial society, there is therefore no alternative but to ensure that these foundational institutions are of high quality and operate effectively throughout the European Union. The reform proposals in this section aim to provide security while balancing public and private interest in limiting property rights where appropriate. While the European Union has strong legal competencies in this reform area, it has to collaborate with local, regional, and national governments to ensure that these fundamental institutions are also operational.
Taxation and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Elert Niklas , Henrekson Magnus , Sanders Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn providing incentives and rewards, the tax system matters greatly for innovative entrepreneurial venturing. Because a host of different taxes affect entrepreneurship, we discuss reforms in several areas, including labor, capital, corporate, and private wealth taxation. The most important principles an entrepreneurial tax system should enshrine are neutrality and modesty. Together and in isolation the proposals in this chapter aim to ensure that taxes are generally low and do not steer the flow of labor, capital, and knowledge away from innovative, entrepreneurial ventures. As competencies on taxation lie almost exclusively with member states, the role of the European Union in promoting reforms is restricted to coordination and persuasion.
Contestable Markets for Entry and Exit
Authors: Elert Niklas , Henrekson Magnus , Sanders Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOpening up European markets for goods and services would put European entrepreneurs at an equal footing with incumbent firms. For entrepreneurial venturing both market entry and exit are of crucial importance and the European Union has strong legal competencies in these areas, following the treaties to build the European Common Market. However, especially with respect to market exit and business failure, member states retain important competencies and, consequently, the playing field is varied and not level across the Union. Proposals in this chapter seek to remedy this imbalance and create opportunities for European entrepreneurs to scale up their ventures to European and global markets.
Mobilizing Human Capital for Entrepreneurship
Authors: Elert Niklas , Henrekson Magnus , Sanders Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNew, innovative business venturing hinges on the creation and mobilization of human capital and knowledge. The proposals in this chapter aim to strengthen and expand the European knowledge space in which Europe’s entrepreneurs build their ventures. Reforms to improve the production and flow of knowledge touch on educational systems, research institutes, and universities. Whereas educational systems remain the almost exclusive legal competency of national or even regional policymakers, reforms addressing intellectual property and the mobility of knowledge and people across the European Union touch on supranational policy domains that extend the scope of entrepreneurship policy beyond its traditional policy areas.
Concordance between the assessment of Aβ42, T‐tau, and P‐T181‐tau in peripheral blood neuronal‐derived exosomes and cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Jia Longfei , Qiu Qiongqiong , Zhang Heng , Chu Lan , Du Yifeng , Zhang Jiewen , Zhou Chunkui , Liang Furu , Shi Shengliang , Wang Shan , Qin Wei , Wang Qi , Li Fangyu , Wang Qigeng , Li Yan , Shen Luxi , Wei Yiping , Jia Jianping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionNeuronal‐derived exosomal Aβ42, T‐tau, and P‐T181‐tau have been demonstrated to be biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, no study has assessed the association of Aβ42, T‐tau, and P‐T181‐tau between exosomes and CSF.MethodsThis was a multicenter study with two‐stage design. The subjects included 28 AD patients, 25 aMCI patients, and 29 controls in the discovery stage; the results of which were confirmed in the validation stage (73 AD, 71 aMCI, and 72 controls).ResultsThe exosomal concentrations of Aβ42, T‐tau, and P‐T181‐tau in AD group were higher than those in aMCI and control groups (all P < .001). The level of each exosomal biomarker was highly correlated with that in CSF.DiscussionThis study verified the agreement between CSF and blood exosomal biomarkers and confirmed that exosomal Aβ42, T‐tau, and P‐T181‐tau have the same capacity as those in CSF for the diagnosis of AD and aMCI.
Corporate political strategies in Europe: The determinants of firms' access to the European Commission
Authors: Alves Amanda M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCorporate political strategies have been used extensively by firms attempting to shape their political environments. In this context, access to targeted policymakers is essential to allow their deployment. Thus, we propose to study the determinants of access to the European Commission representatives. This research builds on the resource-based view (RBV) of firms to argue that political knowledge is a valuable resource to increase firms' degree of access to the European Commission. To test our hypotheses, we built a novel dataset merging firms characteristics with lobbying meetings information, and analyze it through negative binomial regression. The results suggest the importance of political knowledge, emphasizing that it may represent a source of sustainable competitive advantage. This study highlights interesting information that broadens the understanding of corporate political strategies in the European Union.
Critical Care Management of Status Epilepticus at a Tertiary Care University Hospital
Authors: Mahmoud Sherif Hanafy , Marette Vanessa , Lindqvist Therecia , Ahmed S. Nizam 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT:Background:Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to review the critical care management of patients with SE focusing on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) as well as to determine the optimal dosing strategies of phenytoin (PHT) and predictors of its effectiveness.Methods:A retrospective chart review of adult patients with SE admitted to the University of Alberta Hospital, Canada, was conducted.Results:Fifty-six admissions were included. Benzodiazepines (BDZs) were initially given in 89% of our patients. Following BDZs, PHT and levetiracetam were the most commonly initiated AEDs as first- and second-line agents and were deemed effective in 30/44 and 5/11 patients, respectively. Patients who received a PHT loading dose (LD) of 1000 mg were less likely to reach target levels compared with a weight-based LD ≥15 mg/kg (29% vs. 60%). Likewise, patients who received a maintenance dose (MD) of 300 mg/day were less likely to reach target compared with 400 mg/day or >5 mg/kg per day; however, this did not reach statistical significance. Three variables were found to be associated with PHT effectiveness: tonic-clonic SE (OR 5.01, 95% CI 1.02–24.7, p = 0.048), history of seizures and BMI <30 kg/m2(OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.03–1.07, p = 0.059).Conclusions:Further studies of the predictors of PHT effectiveness, specifically obesity, are necessary to help individualize care. Finally, we suggest that PHT should be loaded according to the guidelines as 20 mg/kg followed by an MD of at least 400 mg/day or >5 mg/kg per day.
The integrability of symplectic twist maps without conjugate points
Authors: ARCOSTANZO MARC 
Published: August 2019

It is proved that a symplectic twist map of the cotangent bundle $T^{\ast }\mathbb{T}^{d}$ of the $d$-dimensional torus that is without conjugate points is $C^{0}$-integrable, that is $T^{\ast }\mathbb{T}^{d}$ is foliated by a family of invariant $C^{0}$ Lagrangian graphs.
Time evolution of stimulated Raman scattering and two-plasmon decay at laser intensities relevant for shock ignition in a hot plasma
Authors: Cristoforetti G. , Antonelli L. , Mancelli D. , Atzeni S. , Baffigi F. , Barbato F. , Batani D. , Boutoux G. , D’Amato F. , Dostal J. , Dudzak R. , Filippov E. , Gu Y. J. , Juha L. , Klimo O. , Krus M. , Malko S. , Martynenko A. S. , Nicolai Ph. , Ospina V. , Pikuz S. , Renner O. , Santos J. , Tikhonchuk V. T. , Trela J. , Viciani S. , Volpe L. , Weber S. , Gizzi L. A. 
Published: August 2019

Laser–plasma interaction (LPI) at intensities
$10^{15}{-}10^{16}~\text{W}\cdot \text{cm}^{-2}$
is dominated by parametric instabilities which can be responsible for a significant amount of non-collisional absorption and generate large fluxes of high-energy nonthermal electrons. Such a regime is of paramount importance for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and in particular for the shock ignition scheme. In this paper we report on an experiment carried out at the Prague Asterix Laser System (PALS) facility to investigate the extent and time history of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and two-plasmon decay (TPD) instabilities, driven by the interaction of an infrared laser pulse at an intensity
${\sim}1.2\times 10^{16}~\text{W}\cdot \text{cm}^{-2}$
with a
${\sim}100~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$
scalelength plasma produced from irradiation of a flat plastic target. The laser pulse duration (300 ps) and the high value of plasma temperature (
${\sim}4~\text{keV}$
) expected from hydrodynamic simulations make these results interesting for a deeper understanding of LPI in shock ignition conditions. Experimental results show that absolute TPD/SRS, driven at a quarter of the critical density, and convective SRS, driven at lower plasma densities, are well separated in time, with absolute instabilities driven at early times of interaction and convective backward SRS emerging at the laser peak and persisting all over the tail of the pulse. Side-scattering SRS, driven at low plasma densities, is also clearly observed. Experimental results are compared to fully kinetic large-scale, two-dimensional simulations. Particle-in-cell results, beyond reproducing the framework delineated by the experimental measurements, reveal the importance of filamentation instability in ruling the onset of SRS and stimulated Brillouin scattering instabilities and confirm the crucial role of collisionless absorption in the LPI energy balance.
An Ordovician nectocaridid hints at an endocochleate origin of Cephalopoda
Authors: Smith Martin R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNectocaridids are soft-bodied Cambrian organisms that have been controversially interpreted as primitive cephalopods, at odds with the long-held belief that these mollusks evolved from a shell-bearing ancestor. Here, I document a new nectocaridid from the Whetstone Gulf Formation, extending the group's range into the Late Ordovician.Nectocotis rusmithin. gen. n. sp. possesses a robust internal element that resembles a non-mineralized phragmocone or gladius. Nectocaridids can be accommodated in the cephalopod total group if the earliest cephalopods (1) inherited a non-mineralized shell field from the ancestral mollusk; and (2) internalized this shell field. This evolutionary scenario would overturn the traditional ectocochleate,Nautilus-like reconstruction of the ancestral cephalopod, and indicate a trend towards increased metabolic efficiency through the course of Cambrian–Ordovician evolution.UUID:http://zoobank.org/ed594200-37b9-4642-bd8f-4fb72dc544eb
ON APPROXIMATELY ADDITIVE MAPPINGS IN 2-BANACH SPACES
Authors: BRZDĘK JANUSZ , EL-HADY EL-SAYED 
Published: August 2019

We show how some Ulam stability issues can be approached for functions taking values in 2-Banach spaces. We use the example of the well-known Cauchy equation$f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)$, but we believe that this method can be applied for many other equations. In particular we provide an extension of an earlier stability result that has been motivated by a problem of Th. M. Rassias. The main tool is a recent fixed point theorem in some spaces of functions with values in 2-Banach spaces.
Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses suggest that high dietary lipid levels facilitate ovary development through the enhanced arachidonic acid metabolism, cholesterol biosynthesis and steroid hormone synthesis in Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis)
Authors: Leng Xiaoqian , Zhou Hai , Tan Qingsong , Du Hao , Wu Jinping , Liang Xufang , He Shan , Wei Qiwei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) is an endangered species, listed as a grade I protected animal in China. The females rarely successfully develop their gonads from stage II to III in captivity, which handicaps the propagation of cultured Chinese sturgeon. The present study aimed to understand the effects of dietary lipid level on the ovarian development and the related regulation mechanism in female Chinese sturgeon. A 24-month feeding trial was conducted with 10-year-old Chinese sturgeons with ovaries at the developmental stage II, with three experimental diets containing 10, 14 and 18 % lipids. Ovary, muscle and serum samples were collected at four time points (6, 12, 18 and 24 months) for further analyses. Serum metabolomics and ovary transcriptomics analyses were conducted at 18 months. Results showed that only the 18 % lipid diet promoted ovary development to stage IV. Oocytes at stage II in this group also exhibited higher diameter and more lipid droplets. Serum TAG content in the 18 % group was significantly higher than in 10 and 14 % groups (both at 12 and 18 months). Oestradiol content in the 14 % group was significantly higher than in 10 and 18 % groups, except at 24 months. Metabolomic and transcriptomic results indirectly indicated that 14 % of dietary lipids benefited steroid hormone synthesis, while 18 % lipid facilitated arachidonic acid metabolism, cholesterol biosynthesis and vitellogenesis, although serum cholesterol content did not vary with dietary lipid level. In conclusion, 18 % dietary lipid is the optimal level for improving gonad development of female Chinese sturgeon.
Activation of the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes in a mouse model ofSchistosoma mansoniinfection
Authors: Chen T.T.W. , Cheng P.C. , Chang K.C. , Cao J.P. , Feng J.L. , Chen C.C. , Lam H.Y.P. , Peng S.Y. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSchistosomiasis is an inflammatory disease that occurs when schistosome species eggs are deposited in the liver, resulting in fibrosis and portal hypertension. Schistosomes can interact with host inflammasomes to elicit host immune responses, leading to mitochondrial damage, generation of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of apoptosis during inflammation. This study aims to examine whether ROS and NF-κB (p65) expression elicited other types of inflammasome activation inSchistosoma mansoni-infected mouse livers. We examine the relationship between inflammasome activation, mitochondrial damage and ROS production in mouse livers infected withS. mansoni. We demonstrate a significant release of ROS and superoxides and increased NF-κB (p65) inS. mansoni-infected mouse livers. Moreover, activation of the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes was triggered byS. mansoniinfection. Stimulation of HuH-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells with soluble egg antigen induced activation of the AIM2 inflammasome pathway. In this study, we demonstrate thatS. mansoniinfection promotes both NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome activation.
Using discordant twin methods to investigate an environmentally mediated pathway between social support and the reduced likelihood of adolescent psychotic experiences
Authors: Crush Eloise , Arseneault Louise , Danese Andrea , Jaffee Sara R. , Fisher Helen L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSocial support has been shown to be associated with a reduced likelihood of developing psychotic experiences in the general population and even amongst those at high risk due to exposure to multiple forms of victimisation (poly-victimised). However, it is unclear whether this association is merely due to the confounding effects of shared environmental and genetic influences, or reverse causality. Therefore, we investigated whether social support has a unique environmentally mediated effect on adolescent psychotic experiences after accounting for familial factors, including genetic factors, and also prior psychopathology.MethodsParticipants were from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally-representative cohort of 2232 UK-born twins. Adolescents were interviewed at age 18 about psychotic experiences and victimisation exposure since age 12, and their perceptions of social support. Prior childhood mental health problems and psychotic symptoms were assessed at age 12. The discordant twin method was used to disentangle the relative family-wide and unique-environmental effects of social support on psychotic experiences in the general population and among poly-victimised adolescents.ResultsPerceived social support, particularly from friends, was found to have a unique environmentally mediated buffering effect on adolescent psychotic experiences in the whole sample and in the high-risk poly-victimised group.ConclusionsThe protective effects of social support on adolescent psychotic experiences cannot be accounted for by shared environmental or genetic factors, nor by earlier psychopathology. Our findings suggest that early intervention programmes focused on increasing perceptions of social support have the potential to prevent the emergence of psychotic experiences amongst adolescents.
Interests, ideas, and the study of state behaviour in neoclassical realism
Authors: Meibauer Gustav 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIdeational variables have frequently been employed in positivist-minded and materialist analyses of state behaviour. Almost inevitably, because of these commitments, such studies run into theoretical challenges relating to the use of ideas. In this article, I suggest that integrating ideational factors in positivist and materialist approaches to state behaviour requires: (1) distinguishing conceptually between interests and ideation as well as between individual beliefs and social ideas; and (2) addressing challenges of operationalisation and measurability. To that end, I employ neoclassical realism as a case study. I argue that a re-conceptualisation of ideas asexternalisedindividual beliefs employed in political deliberation allows neoclassical realists to focus on how ideas and ideational competition intervene in the transmission belt from materially given interests to foreign policy choice. At the same time, it more clearly operationalises ideas as identifiable in language and communication. I suggest this reconceptualisation, while consistent with realist paradigmatic assumptions, need not be limited to neoclassical realism. Instead, transposed to different paradigms, it would similarly allow positivist-minded constructivists and institutionalists to avoid a conceptually and methodologically awkward equation of different ideational factors.
Optimal Design of the Three-Degree-of-Freedom Parallel Manipulator in a Spray-Painting Equipment
Authors: Yu Guang , Wu Jun , Wang Liping , Gao Ying 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARYSpray-painting equipments are important for the automatic spraying of long conical objects such as rocket fairing. This paper proposes a spray-painting equipment that consists of a feed worktable, a gantry frame and two serial–parallel mechanisms and investigates the optimal design of PRR–PRR parallel manipulator in serial–parallel mechanisms. Based on the kinematic model of the parallel manipulator, the conditioning performance, workspace and accuracy performance indices are defined. The dynamic model is derived using virtual work principle and dynamic evaluation index is defined. The conditioning performance, workspace, accuracy performance and dynamic performance are involved in multi-objective optimization design to determine the optimal geometrical parameters of the parallel manipulator. Furthermore, the geometrical parameters of the gantry frame are optimized. An example is given to show how to determine these parameters by taking a long object with conical surface as painted object.
An evaluation of local, national and international perceptions of benefits and threats to nature in Tierra del Fuego National Park (Patagonia, Argentina)
Authors: Mrotek Aaron , Anderson Christopher B , Valenzuela Alejandro EJ , Manak Leah , Weber Alana , Van Aert Peter , Malizia Mariano , Nielsen Erik A 
Published: August 2019

SummaryEnvironmental scientists and managers increasingly recognize that socio-cultural evaluations expand the understanding of human–nature relationships. Here, user groups’ perceptions of the benefits from and threats to nature were analysed in Tierra del Fuego National Park, Argentina. We hypothesized that the different relationships of users to this place would lead to significantly different valuations among local Ushuaia residents (n = 122), Argentine nationals (n = 147) and international tourists (n = 294). All users perceived a broad spectrum of benefits. The three groups assessed intrinsic and relational values more highly than instrumental benefits, and significant differences included a higher mean valuation of benefits by Argentine visitors. Overall, threats were less perceived than benefits, and significant differences included a higher mean threat assessment by Ushuaia residents. To explain these relationships, we found that mean valuations of benefits and threats were weakly related to increased biodiversity knowledge for residents and international tourists, but not for Argentine visitors. These findings can orient environmental management in Patagonia and elsewhere by identifying areas where information can improve user experiences and by contributing a more pluralistic understanding of nature from multiple stakeholders.