bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRCD is Concentrated at the Base of Photoreceptor Outer Segments and is Involved in Outer Segment Disc Formation
Authors: Allon Gilad , Mann Irit , Remez Lital , Sehn Elisabeth , Rizel Leah , Nevet Mariela J , Perlman Ido , Wolfrum Uwe , Ben-Yosef Tamar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mutations of the PRCD gene are associated with rod-cone degeneration in both dogs and humans. Prcd is expressed in the mouse eye as early as embryonic day 14. In the adult mouse retina PRCD is expressed in the outer segments of both rod and cone photoreceptors. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that PRCD is located at the outer segment rim, and that it is highly concentrated at the base of the outer segment. Prcd-knockout mice present with progressive retinal degeneration, starting at 20 weeks of age and onwards. This process is reflected by a significant and progressive reduction of both scotopic and photopic electroretinographic responses, and by thinning of the retina, and specifically of the outer nuclear layer, indicating photoreceptor loss. Electron microscopy revealed severe damage to photoreceptor outer segments, which is associated with immigration of microglia cells to the Prcd-knockout retina, and accumulation of vesicles in the inter-photoreceptor space. Phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segment discs by the retinal pigmented epithelium is severely reduced. Our data show that Prcd-knockout mice serve as a good model for retinal degeneration caused by PRCD mutations in humans. Our findings in these mice support the involvement of PRCD in outer segment disc formation of both rod and cone photoreceptors. Furthermore, they suggest a feedback mechanism which coordinates the rate of photoreceptor outer segment disc formation, shedding and phagocytosis. This study has important implications for understanding the function of PRCD in the retina, as well as for future development of treatment modalities for PRCD-deficiency in humans.
β-Lactam pharmacodynamics in Gram-negative bloodstream infections in the critically ill
Authors: Wong Gloria , Taccone Fabio , Villois Paola , Scheetz Marc H , Rhodes Nathaniel J , Briscoe Scott , McWhinney Brett , Nunez-Nunez Maria , Ungerer Jacobus , Lipman Jeffrey , Roberts Jason A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the β-lactam exposure associated with positive clinical outcomes for Gram-negative blood stream infection (BSI) in critically ill patients.

Patients and methods
Pooled data of critically ill patients with mono-microbial Gram-negative BSI treated with β-lactams were collected from two databases. Free minimum concentrations (fCmin) of aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin (co-administered with tazobactam) and meropenem were interpreted in relation to the measured MIC for targeted bacteria (fCmin/MIC). A positive clinical outcome was defined as completion of the treatment course or de-escalation, without other change of antibiotic therapy, and with no additional antibiotics commenced within 48 h of cessation. Drug exposure breakpoints associated with positive clinical outcome were determined by classification and regression tree (CART) analysis.

Results
Data from 98 patients were included. Meropenem (46.9%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (36.7%) were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics. The most common pathogens were Escherichia coli (28.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.4%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.3%). In all patients, 87.8% and 71.4% achieved fCmin/MIC ≥1 and fCmin/MIC >5, respectively. Seventy-eight patients (79.6%) achieved positive clinical outcome. Two drug exposure breakpoints were identified: fCmin/MIC >1.3 for all β-lactams (predicted difference in positive outcome 84.5% versus 15.5%, P < 0.05) and fCmin/MIC >4.95 for meropenem, aztreonam or ceftriaxone (predicted difference in positive outcome 97.7% versus 2.3%, P < 0.05).

Conclusions
A β-lactam fCmin/MIC >1.3 was a significant predictor of a positive clinical outcome in critically ill patients with Gram-negative BSI and could be considered an antibiotic dosing target.
Sección Femenina: Documenting and Performing Spanish Musical Folklore During the Early Franco Regime (1939–1953)
Authors: Jordan Daniel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Franco regime (1939–75) used Spanish musical traditions as a form of propaganda and cultural diplomacy during the first two decades of the dictatorship––a period that saw Spain transform itself from a supporter of Nazi Germany to a staunch ally of the Western Bloc. Based on archival work conducted in eight archives throughout Andalusia and Madrid, the rather monolithic view of how the Franco regime portrayed Spanish identity within the nation, the Protectorates in Morocco, and the United Kingdom is challenged. The Sección Femenina, the women’s section of the fascist Falange party, represented an official view of folk music and women’s role in society. Thus far unexplored musical transcriptions, correspondence, and newspaper reviews give us a better understanding of how the 30,000-plus members of the Sección Femenina collected, taught, and performed musical folklore while promoting the regime’s differing concepts of history, gender roles, and the ‘Spanish race’ according to different geopolitical circumstances.
Radiation-driven outflows in AGNs: revisiting feedback effects of scattered and reprocessed photons
Authors: Mosallanezhad Amin , Yuan Feng , Ostriker Jeremiah P , Zeraatgari Fatemeh Zahra , Bu De-Fu 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We perform 2D hydrodynamical simulations of slowly rotating accretion flows in the region of $0.01\!-\!7\, \mathrm{pc}$ around a supermassive black holes with $M_\mathrm{BH} = 10^{8} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. The accretion flow is irradiated by the photons from the central active galactic nucleus (AGN). In addition to the direct radiation from the AGN, we have also included the ‘re-radiation’, i.e. the locally produced radiation by Thomson scattering, line, and bremsstrahlung radiation. Compare to our previous work, we have improved the calculation of radiation force due to the Thomson scattering of X-ray photons from the central AGN. We find that this improvement can significantly increase the mass flux and velocity of outflow. We have compared the properties of outflow – including mass outflow rate, velocity, and kinetic luminosity of outflow – in our simulation with the observed properties of outflow in AGNs and found that they are in good consistency. This implies that the combination of line and re-radiation forces is the possible origin of observed outflow in luminous AGNs.
Particle transport in hybrid PIC shock simulations: A comparison of diagnostics
Authors: Trotta D , Burgess D , Prete G , Perri S , Zimbardo G 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Recent in situ and remote observations suggest that the transport regime associated with shock-accelerated particles may be anomalous i.e. the mean square displacement (MSD) of such particles scales non-linearly with time. We use self-consistent hybrid particle-in-cell plasma simulations to simulate a quasi-parallel shock with parameters compatible with heliospheric shocks, and gain insights about the particle transport in such a system. For suprathermal particles interacting with the shock we compute the MSD separately in the upstream and downstream regions. Tracking suprathermal particles for sufficiently long times up and/or downstream of the shock poses problems in particle plasma simulations, such as statistically poor particle ensembles and trajectory fragments of variable length in time. Therefore, we introduce the use of time-averaged mean square displacement (TAMSD), which is based on single-particle trajectories, as an additional technique to address the transport regime for the upstream and the downstream regions. MSD and TAMSD are in agreement for the upstream energetic particle population, and both give a strong indication of superdiffusive transport, consistent with interplanetary shock observations. MSD and TAMSD are also in reasonable agreement downstream, where indications of anomalous transport are also found. TAMSD shows evidence of heterogeneity in the diffusion properties of the downstream particle population, ranging from subdiffusive behaviour of particles trapped in the strong magnetic field fluctuations generated at the shock to superdiffusive behaviour of particles transmitted and moving away from the shock.
Profile of and Variability in Double-Peaked Balmer Emission Lines in 3C 445
Authors: Zhang Shaohua , Zhou Hongyan , Shi Xiheng , liu Bo , Pan Xiang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We extract the multiple-epoch Balmer-line profiles of the heavily obscured quasar 3C 445 from the spectral curves in the literature, and analyze the emission-line profiles of the Hα and Hβ lines and the profile variability in the Hα line in the large time interval of more than three decades. The profile comparison between the Hα and Hβ lines shows that both Balmer lines share the profile with the same form, while the blue system of the Hβ line is seriously weaker than that of the Hα line. Moreover, the blue system of the Hα line suddenly disappeared completely and then did not appear again, however the other two components did not exhibit significant variation in the velocity or the amplitude. These findings suggest that the blue system of 3C 445, as with SDSS J153636.22+044127.0 and its analogs, is probable the result of the shock-heated outflowing gases. The observation angle of almost edge-on which the previous studies suggested can easily produce the high-speed and high-temperature shock in the collision between the massive outflow and the inner surface of the dusty torus.
Characterization of the precision premium in astrometry
Authors: Lin F R , Peng J H , Zheng Z J , Peng Q Y 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The precision premium, a concept in astrometry that was first presented by Pascu in 1994, initially means that the relative positional measurement of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter will be more accurate when their separations are small. Correspondingly, many observations have been obtained of these Galilean satellites since it was introduced. However, the exact range of separations at which the precision premium takes effect is not clear yet, nor the variation of the precision with separation. In this article, observations of open cluster M35 are used to study the precision premium and the newest star catalogue Gaia DR2 is used in data reduction. Our results show that the precision premium applies at less than 100 arcsec for two specific objects and the relative positional precision can be well fitted by a sigmoidal function. Observations of Uranian satellites are also reduced as an example of the precision premium.
The Relationship between Centaurs and Jupiter Family Comets with Implications for K-Pg-type Impacts
Authors: Grazier K R , Horner J , Castillo-Rogez J C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Centaurs—icy bodies orbiting beyond Jupiter and interior to Neptune—are believed to be dynamically related to Jupiter Family Comets (JFCs), which have aphelia near Jupiter's orbit, and perihelia in the inner Solar System. Previous dynamical simulations have recreated the Centaur/JFC conversion, but the mechanism behind that process remains poorly described. We have performed a numerical simulation of Centaur analogues that recreates this process, generating a dataset detailing over 2.6 million close planet/planetesimal interactions. We explore scenarios stored within that database and, from those, describe the mechanism by which Centaur objects are converted into JFCs. Because many JFCs have perihelia in the terrestrial planet region, and since Centaurs are constantly resupplied from the Scattered Disk, the JFCs are an ever-present impact threat.
Rescue of Replication-Competent ZIKV Hidden in Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Cells Long After the Resolution of the Infection
Authors: Bordoni Veronica , Lalle Eleonora , Colavita Francesca , Baiocchini Andrea , Nardacci Roberta , Falasca Laura , Carletti Fabrizio , Cimini Eleonora , Bordi Licia , Kobinger Gary , D’Ambrosio Valentina , Natale Fabio , Giancotti Antonella , Manganaro Lucia , Del Nonno Franca , Zumla Alimuddin , Liuzzi Giuseppina , Ippolito Giuseppe , Capobianchi Maria Rosaria , Agrati Chiara , Castilletti Concetta 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) genome, its negative-strand viral proteins, and virus-like particles were detected in placenta-derived mesenchymal cells (MSCs), indicating that ZIKV persists after virus clearance from maternal blood and can be rescued by in vitro cultivation. We report for the first time the presence of replication-competent ZIKV in MSCs from an asymptomatic woman who acquired infection during pregnancy.
Clinical effectiveness of 3 days preoperative treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin in total knee arthroplasty surgery: a clinical trial
Authors: Cao S -L , Ren Y , Li Z , Lin J , Weng X -S , Feng B 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsThe purpose of study is to evaluate the effect and complication of preoperative short-term daily recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) treatment for blood-saving in patients undergoing unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsThis three-arm randomized clinical trial compared three different rhEPO-based treatment protocols for unilateral primary TKA. Group A: application of daily doses of rhEPO combined with iron supplement starting 3 days before surgery; Group B: application of daily doses of rhEPO combined with iron supplement starting the day of surgery; Group C: iron supplement alone. Perioperative hemoglobin (Hb) level gaps, total perioperative blood loss, reticulocyte levels and treatment-related complications were studied.ResultsA total of 102 patients were included (35, 35 and 32 patients in Groups A, B and C, respectively). Total blood loss (TBL) in Groups A, B and C was 490.84, 806.76 and 924.21 ml, respectively. Patients in Group A had a significant lower TBL than Groups B and C (A vs. B: P = 0.010; A vs. C: P &lt; 0.001). There was no difference as for TBL between Groups B and C (P = 0.377). Group A patients had significant smaller Hb decline than Group C on the third and fifth postoperative day (P = 0.049, P = 0.037), as well as than Group B on the fifth postoperative day (P = 0.048). There was no difference as for Hb decline between Groups B and C. No difference was shown in levels of inflammatory biomarkers or blood-saving protocol-related complications among three groups.ConclusionsDaily dose of rhEPO combined with iron supplement administered 3 days before TKA procedures could significantly decrease perioperative blood loss and improve postoperative Hb levels, without significantly elevating risks of complication, when compared with admission of rhEPO on the day of surgery and iron supplement alone. Preoperative daily rhEPO treatment could be a more effective blood-saving protocol in TKA procedures.
In vitro pharmacological effects of peficitinib on lymphocyte activation: a potential treatment for systemic sclerosis with JAK inhibitors
Authors: Kitanaga Yukihiro , Imamura Emiko , Nakahara Yutaka , Fukahori Hidehiko , Fujii Yasutomo , Kubo Satoshi , Nakayamada Shingo , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Peficitinib, a novel Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, demonstrated promising results in treating RA in phase 3 clinical trials. This in vitro study was undertaken to characterize the pharmacological properties of peficitinib and investigate the involvement of JAK and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways in the pathological processes of SSc, which is also an autoimmune disease.

Methods
Phosphorylation levels of STAT molecules were assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from patients with RA or SSc and healthy subjects, and in skin specimens obtained from 19 patients with SSc. In vitro inhibition of STAT phosphorylation and cytokine/chemokine production by peficitinib, tofacitinib and baricitinib were also characterized.

Results
Higher spontaneous STAT1 or STAT3 phosphorylation was observed in peripheral T-cells and monocytes from patients with RA and SSc compared with healthy subjects. In skin sections from patients with SSc, phosphorylated STAT3–positive cells were found in almost all cases, irrespective of disease subtype or patient characteristics. Conversely, phosphorylated STAT1-positive cells were observed only in samples from untreated patients with diffuse disease of short duration. Peficitinib inhibited STAT phosphorylation induced by various cytokines, with comparable efficacy to tofacitinib and baricitinib. Peficitinib also suppressed cytokine and chemokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and skin fibroblasts.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that JAK/STAT pathways are constitutively activated in SSc and RA, and that the JAK inhibitor may represent a novel therapeutic option for SSc.
RESULTS OF CZECH NATIONAL STUDY OF RADIATION EXPOSURE FROM RADIOTHERAPY OF NON-MALIGNANT DISEASES, IN PARTICULAR OF HEEL SPURS
Authors: Dufek V , Zackova H , Kotik L , Horakova I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
About 26 000 patients are treated per year with radiotherapy for non-malignant diseases in the Czech Republic. Approximately 75% of them are treated on X-ray therapy units and most of these patients undergo radiotherapy of heel spurs. The evaluation of radiation exposure of these patients was based on measured organ doses and on data from clinical practice. Collective effective doses for particular diagnoses were calculated in order to compare doses resulting from different diagnoses treated on X-ray therapy units. The collective effective dose from radiotherapy of heel spurs in the Czech Republic in 2013 was evaluated to 77 manSv. It represents 25.6% of the total collective effective dose for all diagnoses of radiotherapy for non-malignant diseases treated on X-ray therapy units.
The Melting-Pot Problem? The Persistence and Convergence of Premigration Socioeconomic Status During the Age of Mass Migration
Authors: Catron Peter 
Published: October 2019

Abstractlong-standing debate is concerned over how long premigration socioeconomic differences persisted for immigrants and their descendants who entered at the turn-of-the-twentieth century. Some researchers argue that differences exist today, over one-hundred years after first arrival, while others argue that most differences disappeared after the third generation. However, none of this research has directly measured premigration socioeconomic status nor has it directly linked immigrants to their children. I create a new panel dataset that follows immigrants and their children from the sending country through settlement. Specifically, I link ship manifest records to census records to track how long premigration socioeconomic differences persist across generations. Passenger records provide a wealth of information of individuals including the occupation before arrival. I analyze how long premigration differences persist within and between groups. Although premigration socioeconomic status is associated with the first generation’s economic outcomes after settlement, many of these differences disappear by the second generation. These results suggest that background is not destiny for immigrant descendants. As scholars and politicians debate about whether countries should admit primarily high-skilled or low-skilled immigrants, the results from this article tell us whether such selection policies are necessary to ensure strong migrants’ performance in a period of open borders.
Influence of weaning date and late gestation supplementation on beef system productivity II: economic analysis1
Authors: Luebbe Kelsey M , Stalker Leslie A , Stockton Matthew C , Klopfenstein Terry J , Funston Richard N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cow–calf production systems were analyzed using experimental data and historical economic information to model four separate production year using the 10-yr price period from 2005 to 2014. Treatments included two weaning dates, October (OCT) and December (DEC), and four winter nutritional treatments, grazing winter range with no supplement (WR0), low supplement (WR1), high supplement (WR2); or grazing corn residue with no supplement (CR) applied in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. Net returns at the December weaning date were greatest (P &lt; 0.05) for DEC systems where cows were fed the WR2 level ($151.14/cow) or CR ($140.17/cow), intermediate for cows fed the WR1 ($110.44/cow), and least for cows fed WR0 ($62.23/cow). Average net returns across winter nutrition treatments at the December weaning date were greater (P &lt; 0.01) for DEC systems ($115.99/cow) compared with OCT systems ($110.28/cow). Marketing October weaned calves in December increased net returns on average by $47.24/cow compared with October marketing. Retained and owned (RO) slaughter steer net returns sold on a hot carcass weight (HCW) basis were greatest (P &lt; 0.05) for CR systems ($190.62/cow) or WR2 ($188.13/cow), intermediate for WR1 ($132.67/cow) and least for the WR0 ($68.08/cow) treatment. In general, purchasing weaned calves (PC) and marketing them as finished steers either on a HCW basis or on a marketing grid were not profitable. The WR2 and the CR grazing regimes were more profitable than WR0 and WR1 regardless of market end point, primarily due to reduction in replacement and production loss costs.
Providing Patient-Centered Perinatal Care for Transgender Men and Gender-Diverse Individuals
Authors: Hahn Monica , Sheran Neal , Weber Shannon , Cohan Deborah , Obedin-Maliver Juno 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND:
Little is documented about the experiences of pregnancy for transgender and gender-diverse individuals. There is scant clinical guidance for providing prepregnancy, prenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum care to transgender and gender-diverse people who desire pregnancy.

CASE:
Our team provided perinatal care to a 20-year-old transgender man, which prompted collaborative advocacy for health care systems change to create gender-affirming patient experiences in the perinatal health care setting.

CONCLUSION:
Systems-level and interpersonal-level interventions were adopted to create gender-affirming and inclusive care in and around pregnancy. Basic practices to mitigate stigma and promote gender-affirming care include staff trainings and query and use of appropriate name and pronouns in patient interactions and medical documentation. Various factors are important to consider regarding testosterone therapy for transgender individuals desiring pregnancy.