bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of new particle formation (NPF) events at nearby rural, urban background and urban roadside sites
Authors: Bousiotis Dimitrios , Dall'Osto Manuel , Beddows David C. S. , Pope Francis D. , Harrison Roy M. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. New particle formation (NPF) events have different patterns of development
depending on the conditions of the area in which they occur. In this study,
particle size distributions in the range of 16.6–604 nm (7 years of
data) were analysed and NPF events occurring at three sites of differing
characteristics – rural Harwell (HAR), urban background North Kensington
(NK), urban roadside Marylebone Road (MR), London, UK – were extracted and
studied. The different atmospheric conditions in each study area not only
have an effect on the frequency of the events, but also affect their
development. The frequency of NPF events is similar at the rural and urban
background locations (about 7 % of days), with a high proportion of events
occurring at both sites on the same day (45 %). The frequency of NPF
events at the urban roadside site is slightly less (6 % of days), and
higher particle growth rates (average 5.5 nm h−1 at MR compared to 3.4
and 4.2 nm h−1 at HAR and NK respectively) must result from
rapid gas-to-particle conversion of traffic-generated pollutants. A general
pattern is found in which the condensation sink increases with the degree of
pollution of the site, but this is counteracted by increased particle growth
rates at the more polluted location. A key finding of this study is that the
role of the urban environment leads to an increment of 20 % in
N16–20 nm in the urban background compared to that of the rural area in
NPF events occurring at both sites. The relationship of the origin of
incoming air masses is also considered and an association of regional events
with cleaner air masses is found. Due to lower availability of condensable
species, NPF events that are associated with cleaner atmospheric conditions
have lower growth rates of the newly formed particles. The decisive effect
of the condensation sink in the development of NPF events and the
survivability of the newly formed particles is underlined, and influences
the overall contribution of NPF events to the number of ultrafine particles
in an area. The other key factor identified by this study is the important
role that pollution, both from traffic and other sources in the urban
environment (such as heating or cooking), plays in new particle formation
events.
Simulation of SOA formation from the photooxidation of monoalkylbenzenes in the presence of aqueous aerosols containing electrolytes under various NOx levels
Authors: Zhou Chufan , Jang Myoseon , Yu Zechen 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) from
the photooxidation of three monoalkylbenzenes (toluene, ethylbenzene, and
n-propylbenzene) in the presence of inorganic seeds
(SO42-–NH4+–H2O system) under varying NOx
levels has been simulated using the Unified Partitioning Aerosol Phase
Reaction (UNIPAR) model. The evolution of the volatility–reactivity
distribution (mass-based stoichiometric coefficient, αi) of
oxygenated products, which were created by the near-explicit gas kinetic
mechanism, was integrated with the model using the parameters linked to the
concentrations of HO2 and RO2 radicals. This dynamic distribution
was used to estimate the model parameters related to the thermodynamic
constants of the products in multiple phases (e.g., the gas phase, organic
phase, and inorganic phase) and the reaction rate constants in the aerosol
phase. The SOA mass was predicted through the partitioning and aerosol
chemistry processes of the oxygenated products in both the organic phase and
aqueous solution containing electrolytes, with the assumption of
organic–inorganic phase separation. The prediction of the time series SOA
mass (12 h), against the aerosol data obtained from an outdoor
photochemical smog chamber, was improved by the dynamic αi set
compared to the prediction using the fixed αi set. Overall, the
effect of an aqueous phase containing electrolytes on SOA yields was more
important than that of the NOx level under our simulated conditions or
the utilization of the age-driven αi set. Regardless of the
NOx conditions, the SOA yields for the three aromatics were
significantly higher in the presence of wet electrolytic seeds than those
obtained with dry seeds or no seed. When increasing the NOx level, the
fraction of organic matter (OM) produced by aqueous reactions to the total
OM increased due to the increased formation of relatively volatile organic
nitrates and peroxyacyl-nitrate-like products. The predicted partitioning
mass fraction increased as the alkyl chain length increased but the organic
mass produced via aerosol-phase reactions decreased due to the increased
activity coefficient of the organic compounds containing longer alkyl
chains. Overall, the lower mass-based SOA yield was seen in the longer
alkyl-substituted benzene in both the presence and absence of
inorganic-seeded aerosols. However, the difference of mole-based SOA yields of three
monoalkylbenzenes becomes small because the highly reactive organic species
(i.e., glyoxal) mainly originates from ring opening products without an alkyl
side chain. UNIPAR predicted the conversion of hydrophilic, acidic sulfur
species to non-electrolytic dialkyl organosulfate (diOS) in the aerosol.
Thus, the model predicted the impact of diOS on both hygroscopicity and
acidity, which subsequently influenced aerosol growth via aqueous reactions.
Investigation of coastal sea-fog formation using the WIBS (wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor) technique
Authors: Daly Shane M. , O'Connor David J. , Healy David A. , Hellebust Stig , Arndt Jovanna , McGillicuddy Eoin J. , Feeney Patrick , Quirke Michael , Wenger John C. , Sodeau John R. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. A wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor (WIBS-4) was deployed in
Haulbowline Island, Cork Harbour, to detect fluorescence particles in
real time during July and September 2011. A scanning mobility particle sizer
(SMPS) was also installed providing sizing analysis of the particles over the
10–450 nm range. During the campaign, multiple fog formation events
occurred; they coincided with dramatic increases in the recorded fluorescent
particle counts. The WIBS sizing and fluorescence intensity profiles indicated
that the origin of the signals was potentially non-biological in nature (i.e.
PBAPs, primary biological aerosol particles). Furthermore, the data did not
support the presence of known fluorescing chemical particles like SOA
(secondary organic aerosol). Complementary laboratory studies showed that the
field results could potentially be explained by the adsorption of molecular
iodine onto water droplets to form
I2 ⋅ (H2O)x complexes. The release of
iodine into the coastal atmosphere from exposed kelp at low tides has been
known for many years. This process leads to the production of small
IxOy particles, which can act as cloud condensation
nuclei (CCN). While the process of molecular iodine release from coastal kelp
sources, subsequent particle formation, and the observations of sea mists and
fogs have been studied in detail, this study provides a potential link
between the three phenomena. Of mechanistic interest is the fact that
molecular iodine included into (rather than on) water droplets does not
appear to fluoresce as measured using WIBS instrumentation. The study
indicates a previously unsuspected stabilizing transport mechanism for iodine
in the marine environment. Hence the stabilization of the molecular form
would allow its more extensive distribution throughout the troposphere before
eventual photolysis.
A Focus on ‘Control’: Reconciling Contemporary Transaction Cost Economics with Behavioural Contingency Accounting Perspectives
Authors: Hinchliffe Sarah A. 
Published: April 2019

Transaction cost economics and contingency research in managerial accounting currently are approached largely as two formally distinct fields of study. This brief review paper aims to reconcile the literature on both subjects in so far as possible, by examining broadly their underlying assumptions and reported conclusions with the view towards identifying differences and similarities. An important integration is achieved by showing that transaction cost economics and the ‘decision influencing’ role of management accounting concentrate essentially on different aspects to a shared concern with organisational control. However, it additionally is revealed that transaction cost economics does not account adequately for the existence of management accounting’s ‘decision facilitating’ function, and that in comparison to the former the latter’s relatively stronger empirical focus is more suited towards finding potential solutions to the actual control problems which confront real organisations. The paper concludes by observing that both paradigms presently to a large extent do not pay attention to a particular principal-agent situation in which control may need to be exercised.
Integratie in het EU-migratierecht; uniformiteit of maatwerk?
Authors: Oosterom-Staples H. 
Published: April 2019

Integratie in het EU-migratierecht; uniformiteit of maatwerk?
Het arrest C en A is het derde arrest waarin het Hof van Justitie oordeelt over de bevoegdheid van lidstaten om integratievoorwaarden te stellen. Het uitgangspunt, dat kennis van de taal en de samenleving bijdraagt aan de integratie van vreemdelingen in hun gastlidstaat, wordt bevestigd. Dit is ook het geval voor de invulling van de beoordelingsruimte die lidstaten genieten in de uitvoering van deze bevoegdheid; integratievoorwaarden mogen geen selectiemiddel zijn. Integratie komen we ook tegen in de rechtspraak van het Hof van Justitie als doel van een wetgevingsmaatregel dat bepalend is voor de uitleg van rechten in die wetgevingsmaatregel en als objectieve rechtvaardigingsgrond in de context van de stand still-bepalingen in het Associatierecht EEG-Turkije. Zijn de rechtsregels in deze ‘integratierechtspraak’ onderling inwisselbaar, of is de invulling van het begrip integratie afhankelijk van de juridische context waarin het wordt gebruikt? De aanleiding voor deze bijdrage zijn de recente uitspraken van het Hof van Justitie in de zaken C en A en Yön. Om deze onderzoeksvraag te kunnen beantwoorden worden deze arresten ingebed in de eerdere arresten van het Hof van Justitie over integratie.HvJ 7 augustus 2018, zaak C-123/17, Nefiye Yön/Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart, ECLI:EU:C:2018:632 en HvJ 7 november 2018, zaak C-257/17, C en A/Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie, ECLI:EU:C:2018:876
Amerikaanse sancties op Iran en de Europese blokkeringsverordening: Europese ondernemingen in een lastige spagaat
Authors: van der Aa N.M.D. , Stax S.H. 
Published: April 2019

Amerikaanse sancties op Iran en de Europese blokkeringsverordening: Europese ondernemingen in een lastige spagaat
In deze bijdrage bespreken de auteurs de reactie van de Europese Unie op de hernieuwde economische sancties vanuit de Verenigde Staten (VS) op Iran. Deze sancties zijn in 2018 weer van kracht geworden nadat de VS zich terugtrok uit het Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, ook wel bekend als het Iraanse atoomakkoord. In het bijzonder gaan de auteurs in op de werking van de Europese blokkeringsverordening. Dit wetgevingsinstrument beoogt Europese bedrijven die handel drijven met Iran te beschermen tegen de dreiging van Amerikaanse sancties, maar zorgt eerder voor meer moeilijkheden.Verordening (EG) 2271/96 van de Raad van 22 november 1996 tot bescherming tegen de gevolgen van de extraterritoriale toepassing van rechtsregels uitgevaardigd door een derde land daarop gebaseerde of daaruit voortvloeiende handelingen, PbEG 1996, L 309/1.
Het Europees Openbaar Ministerie komt eraan: waakhond of papieren tijger?
Authors: de Vries Y. , Lopik S.J. 
Published: April 2019

Het Europees Openbaar Ministerie komt eraan: waakhond of papieren tijger?
Op 1 augustus 2018 heeft de Europese Commissie (hierna: Commissie) bevestigd dat Nederland gaat deelnemen aan het Europees Openbaar Ministerie (hierna: EOM). Het EOM is een onafhankelijk vervolgingsorgaan dat, in het kort, bevoegd is om strafbare feiten die ten koste gaan van de EU-begroting te onderzoeken, vervolgen en voor de nationale strafrechter te brengen, een taak die tot dusver was voorbehouden aan de nationale vervolgingsautoriteiten (in Nederland het Openbaar Ministerie). Dit past in een trend waarbij de Unie, die historisch gezien indirect handhaaft, steeds vaker aan directe handhaving doet. Ook past het bij een Unie die steeds meer strafrechtelijke taken naar zich toetrekt: waar strafrechtelijke samenwerking tot het Verdrag van Lissabon nog behoorde tot de derde pijler, bestaan inmiddels meerdere Europeesrechtelijke strafrechtelijke agentschappen, waaronder Eurojust, Europol en OLAF. Er wordt ook wel gesproken van een europeanisering van het Nederlands strafrecht. De ambities van de Commissie voor het EOM strekken echter verder dan alleen het bestrijden van fraude. In deze bijdrage gaan wij in op de achtergrond van het EOM, de inrichting en taken van het EOM en de betekenis daarvan voor personen en ondernemingen die verdacht worden van strafbare feiten die binnen de bevoegdheid van het EOM vallen.Verordening (EU) 2017/1939 van de Raad van 12 oktober 2017 betreffende nauwere samenwerking bij de instelling van het Europees Openbaar Ministerie(‘EOM’), PbEU 2017, L 283/1-71Richtlijn (EU) 2017/1371 van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 5 juli 2017 betreffende de strafrechtelijke bestrijding van fraude die de financiële belangen van de Unie schaadt, PbEU 2017, L 198/29-41
El necesario control al Gobierno. Un análisis en el nuevo escenario autonómico tras las elecciones de mayo de 2015
Authors: Dueñas Castrillo Andrés Iván 
Published: April 2019

Este artículo analiza las consecuencias que ha traído el mayor pluralismo parlamentario tras las elecciones autonómicas de 2015. Ello ha propiciado mayores debates sobre la posición del Parlamento en el modelo institucional autonómico y reformas para mejorar la función de control al Gobierno.Lo anterior puede volver a poner en el centro del sistema institucional a la Asamblea legislativa autonómica, lo que ayudaría a rebajar los rasgos presidencialistas del modelo autonómico.
El derecho de los parlamentarios a recabar documentación administrativa. Nuevas perspectivas jurisprudenciales a raíz de su creciente judicialización
Authors: Durbán Martín Ignacio 
Published: April 2019

Desde hace poco más de un lustro, por vez primera en nuestra historia democrática, el derecho de los parlamentarios a recabar documentación de las administraciones públicas se ha judicializado en la vía contencioso-administrativa.Un cúmulo de casos con un único foco común: las tensas relaciones gobierno-parlamento en el ámbito de la Comunitat Valenciana. Dicha conflictividad ha dado lugar, en el transcurso de estos años, a un elevado número de resoluciones tanto del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Comunitat Valenciana como del Tribunal Supremo. Un total de más de cuarenta sentencias que han incidido de forma considerable en la delimitación de este derecho. El presente artículo examina dichas resoluciones judiciales y ofrece un análisis global de los criterios interpretativos contenidos en las mismas. Una tarea de exégesis que se ha realizado sin perder de vista la jurisprudencia dictada por el Tribunal Constitucional acerca de esta misma cuestión.
Reflexiones en torno a la última actualización del derecho al olvido digital
Authors: Cobacho López Ángel 
Published: April 2019

Hablar de la irrupción de Internet como detonante de una serie de cambios profundos en nuestra cultura jurídica se ha convertido ya en un lugar común para este tipo de trabajos de investigación. No obstante, debido a la inherente fluidez de los servicios y prestaciones que la red ofrece, es necesario profundizar en los efectos que las nuevas tecnologías han provocado en la configuración de nuestros derechos fundamentales y de nuestras instituciones jurídicas y políticas. Junto con la necesaria puesta al día de las formas de ejercicio de los derechos fundamentales reconocidos por nuestra Constitución, Internet ha conllevado la creación de derechos nuevos que, si bien encuentran su fundamento en derechos preexistentes, suponen una adaptación de construcciones clásicas a los requerimientos de los nuevos tiempos. Entre ellos, ocupa un lugar preeminente el derecho al olvido, por la cantidad de estudios a que ha dado lugar y por el reciente reconocimiento expreso en el Reglamento General de Protección de Datos a nivel europeo. Dicha norma ha supuesto la derogación de la Directiva Europea 95/46/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 24 de octubre de 1995 y la promulgación de la nueva Ley Orgánica 3/2018, de 5 de diciembre, de Protección de Datos Personales y garantía de los derechos digitales. Pese a los numerosos interrogantes que todavía plantea la interpretación y aplicación de sus muchos preceptos, se trata del primer texto legal directamente aplicable en España que se refiere por su nombre al derecho al olvido, entendido como esa pretensión de muchos usuarios de Internet de que sus datos sean retirados de la vista y escrutinio público, con independencia de que su tratamiento haya sido o no consentido.Este trabajo se ocupará del análisis de este nuevo derecho de supresión de datos a la luz de las actualizaciones más recientes en su régimen jurídico, tras la entrada en vigor de dicho Reglamento y algunos pronunciamientos de tribunales comunitarios y nacionales, que van contribuyendo a dotarlo de perfiles cada vez más nítidos. De lo que no cabe duda alguna es de que, frente a Internet, erigido en factor que está suponiendo un cambio integral de paradigma, no sólo jurídico, sino global, la respuesta ofrecida desde el Derecho no puede prescindir de un enfoque lo más amplio posible, con la finalidad de ofrecer soluciones satisfactorias a los ciudadanos para el creciente número de situaciones de riesgo a las que se enfrentan diariamente, y de prever los conflictos que puedan ocasionarse en el futuro.
La «presidencia imperial» y su evolución en la estructura constitucional de los Estados Unidos de América
Authors: Mendieta David , Calderón-Valencia Felipe 
Published: April 2019

Este artículo analiza el concepto de «presidencia imperial» en el derecho constitucional de los Estados Unidos de América desde una perspectiva histórico-institucional. Este análisis se plantea, primero, desde los fundamentos jus-filosóficos del constitucionalismo norteamericano y, segundo, desde el devenir del gobierno presidencial. La bipartición responde la pregunta sobre los límites, institucionales y reales tiene la Presidencia. Se observa que estos no son suficientes, pues las órdenes ejecutivas promueven el protagonismo del Presidente, permitiendo a aquel país transformarse en una gran potencia. Se concluye que la «presidencia imperial» se opone a la república moderada de los Padres Fundadores; la desestructuración de los límites al poder ejecutivo siempre se ajusta a los hechos y avatares del poder político.
Educação permanente em equipe multidisciplinar de um programa gerontológico: concepções, desafios e possibilidades
Authors: Meneses Irinéa Gomes , Alves Junior Edmundo De Drummond , Santos Angela Brêtas Gomes dos , Pereira Audrey Vidal , Domingos Ana Maria , Corvino Marcos Paulo Fonseca 
Published: April 2019

Introdução: O aumento progressivo da população idosa e das enfermidades crônicas torna cada vez mais prioritário a educação permanente dos profissionais de saúde visando o atendimento das necessidades dos idosos. Objetivo: Conhecer as concepções da equipe multiprofissional e de gestores sobre Educação Permanente de um Programa de Assistência Integral à Pessoa Idosa. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. O cenário foi um Programa Gerontológico desenvolvido em um Instituto de Atenção à Saúde de uma Universidade Pública, no município do Rio de Janeiro. Os participantes foram 10 profissionais de saúde incluindo os gestores do referido programa. Foi utilizado como técnica de coleta de dados o grupo focal, cujas reflexões ocorreram a partir de análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: A pesquisa permitiu a construção de duas categorias: 1) Educação Permanente como movimento de atualização profissional e 2) Educação Permanente: aproximando o interesse pessoal, iniciativa institucional e necessidades dos usuários. Pode-se observar que a educação permanente ocorre a partir da identificação de problemas cotidianos e necessidades dos serviços e usuários do sistema de saúde, que se envolve com a responsabilidade de melhorar as condições de saúde da população de idosos atendida. Conclusão: O estudo contribuiu para uma reflexão que se traduza na organização do processo de trabalho e na busca pelo aprimoramento da prática assistencial qualificada e resolutiva, com vistas à operacionalização futura de processos de Educação Permanente.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: a population-based analysis
Authors: Yuan Guangda , Zhan Cheng , Huang Yiwei , Zhu Donglin , Xie Hongya , Wei Tengteng , Lu Tao , Wang Qun , Yang Yong , Zhu Yimeng 
Published: April 2019

Background
This study analyzed the clinical features and prognosis of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (BSC), and constructed a nomogram to predict the prognoses of patients.

Methods
The information of pure BSC patients was obtained in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2004 and 2015. Then, it was evaluated, and compared with the data of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), lung large cell carcinoma (LCC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) patients. Subsequently, we used univariate and multivariate analyses to investigate the independent factors related to the prognoses of patients with BSC and constructed a nomogram to verify the prognoses.

Results
A total of 425 patients diagnosed with BSC were enrolled. Compared with patients with SCC, LCC and LAC, the mean survival time of BSC patients was better than all of them. Compared with SCC, there were significant differences between the characteristics of grade (P < 0.001), total stage (P < 0.001), T stage (P < 0.001), N stage (P < 0.001), M stage (P < 0.001), surgery (P < 0.001), radiotherapy (P < 0.001), and chemotherapy (P < 0.001), while BSC also had significantly different clinical characteristics from LCC and LAC. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses showed that age (P < 0.001), T stage (P < 0.001), N stage (P = 0.009), M stage (P < 0.001), and surgery (P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors of BSC. The survival of patients undergoing lobectomy was significantly better than sublobar resection, with an OR of 0.389 (0.263–0.578). We constructed a nomogram with a C-index of 0.750 (95% confidence interval) based on the results of multivariate analysis. The calibration curves based on nomogram scores indicated that the nomogram could accurately predict the prognosis of patients.

Conclusions
BSC had unique clinical and prognostic features. T stage, N stage, M stage, age, and surgery were independently associated with overall survival (OS). Lobectomy was a relative ideal choice for patients with BSC. The nomogram effectively predicted the OS at 1-, 3-, and 5-years.