bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concordance of somatic mutational profile in multiple primary melanomas
Authors: Adler Nikki R. , McLean Catriona A. , Wolfe Rory , Kelly John W. , McArthur Grant A. , Haydon Andrew , Tra Thien , Cummings Nicholas , Mar Victoria J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis study aimed to determine the frequency and concordance of BRAF and NRAS mutation in tumours arising in patients with multiple primary melanoma (MPM). Patients with MPM managed at one of three tertiary referral centres in Melbourne, Australia, from 2010 to 2015 were included. Incident and subsequent melanomas underwent mutation testing. Cohen's kappa (κ) coefficient assessed agreement between incident and subsequent primary melanomas for both BRAF and NRAS mutation status (mutant versus wild‐type). Mutation testing of at least two primary tumours from 64 patients was conducted. There was poor agreement for both BRAF and NRAS mutation status between incident and subsequent melanomas (κ = 0.10, 95% CI −0.10 to 0.42; κ = 0.06, 95% CI −0.10 to 0.57, respectively). In view of the low concordance in BRAF mutation status between incident and subsequent melanomas, mutational analysis of metastatic tissue, rather than of a primary melanoma, in patients with MPM should be used to guide targeted therapy.
Developing drugs for treatment of atopic dermatitis in children (≥3 months to <18 years of age): Draft guidance for industry
Authors: Siegfried Elaine C. , Jaworski Jennifer C. , Eichenfield Lawrence F. , Paller Amy , Hebert Adelaide A. , Simpson Eric L. , Altman Emily , Arena Charles , Blauvelt Andrew , Block Julie , Boguniewicz Mark , Chen Suephy , Cordoro Kelly , Hanna Diane , Horii Kimberly , Hultsch Thomas , Lee James , Leung Donald Y. , Lio Peter , Milner Joshua , Omachi Theodore , Schneider Christine , Schneider Lynda , Sidbury Robert , Smith Timothy , Sugarman Jeffrey , Taha Sharif , Tofte Susan , Tollefson Megha , Tom Wynnis L. , West Dennis P. , Whitney Lucinda , Zane Lee 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAtopic dermatitis is the most common chronic skin disease, and it primarily affects children. Although atopic dermatitis (AD) has the highest effect on burden of skin disease, no high‐level studies have defined optimal therapy for severe disease. Corticosteroids have been used to treat AD since the 1950s and remain the only systemic medication with Food and Drug Administration approval for this indication in children, despite published guidelines of care that recommend against this option. Several clinical trials with level 1 evidence have supported the use of topical treatments for mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in adults and children, but these trials have had little consistency in protocol design. Consensus recommendations will help standardize clinical development and trial design for children. The Food and Drug Administration issues guidance documents for industry as a source for “the Agency's current thinking on a particular subject.” Although they are nonbinding, industry considers these documents to be the standard for clinical development and trial design. Our consensus group is the first to specifically address clinical trial design in this population. We developed a draft guidance document for industry, Developing Drugs for Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Children (≥3 months to <18 years of age). This draft guidance has been submitted to the Food and Drug Administration based on a provision in the Federal Register (Good Guidance Practices).
The impact of length of stay on recovery measures in faith‐based addiction treatment
Authors: Lashley Mary 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the impact of length of stay among homeless men in faith‐based residential addictions recovery on physical activity, depression, self‐esteem, and nicotine dependence.Design and SampleA time series design was utilized to measure changes in the four quality measures at program entry and at 3, 6, and 9 months following admission. The sample consisted of 175 homeless residents enrolled in a faith‐based residential recovery program.MeasuresPaired t tests were used to determine the change in average instrument response from admission to each follow‐up period. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey posthoc tests were used to assess for differences in length of stay between demographic variables.ResultsStatistically significant improvements were noted in self‐esteem and depressive symptomatology at 3 and 6 months following admission and in physical activity levels at 3 months following admission. Nicotine dependence scores declined at 3 and 6 months but were not statistically significant.ConclusionTime spent in this faith‐based spiritual recovery program had a significant impact on depression, self‐esteem, and physical activity. Recommendations for future study include conducting research to analyze the relationship between distinct program elements and quality indicators and comparing faith‐based programs to other similar programs and to publicly funded secular recovery programs.
Health‐seeking experience of North Korean women defectors in South Korea
Authors: Chung Chong‐Hee , Kang Hee‐Young , Lake Pamela K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjective(s)The objective of the study was to explore and describe the health‐seeking experience of North Korean women defectors settled in South Korea.Design and SampleA qualitative study was conducted using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Participants were 10 North Korean women defectors.MeasuresData were collected through in‐depth, unstructured interviews with individual participants.ResultsA total of 24 themes, eight theme clusters, and four categories emerged. The structure of the health‐seeking experience for them was identified as ‘having new opportunities to better understand my own body and protecting my own health while adapting to the health care system of the South’. The four categories were: finding out about my own body, confusion regarding the medical treatment, enjoying the health care benefits, and protecting my own health.ConclusionsThe findings of this study will help improve the understanding of the health‐seeking experience of North Korean women defectors and provide valuable resources to assist in caring for their health needs. This will contribute to preparing the groundwork to enhance the quality of their remaining life in South Korea.
Effect of four rounds of annual school‐wide mass praziquantel treatment for schistosoma mansoni control on schistosome‐specific immune responses
Authors: Ndombi E. M. , Abudho B. , Kittur N. , Carter J. M. , Korir H. , Riner D. K. , Ochanda H. , Lee Y‐M. , Secor W. E. , Karanja D. M. , Colley D. G. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis study evaluated potential changes in antischistosome immune responses in children from schools that received 4 rounds of annual mass drug administration (MDA) of praziquantel (PZQ). In a repeated cross‐sectional study design, 210 schistosome egg‐positive children were recruited at baseline from schools in western Kenya (baseline group). Another 251 children of the same age range were recruited from the same schools and diagnosed with schistosome infection by microscopy (post‐MDA group). In‐vitro schistosome‐specific cytokines and plasma antibody levels were measured by ELISA and compared between the 2 groups of children. Schistosome soluble egg antigen (SEA) and soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP) stimulated higher IL‐5 production by egg‐negative children in the post‐MDA group compared to the baseline group. Similarly, anti‐SEA IgE levels were higher in egg‐negative children in the post‐MDA group compared to the baseline group. Anti‐SEA and anti‐SWAP IgG4 levels were lower in egg‐negative children in the post‐MDA group compared to baseline. This resulted in higher anti‐SEA IgE/IgG4 ratios for children in the post‐MDA group compared to baseline. These post‐MDA immunological changes are compatible with the current paradigm that treatment shifts immune responses to higher antischistosome IgE:IgG4 ratios in parallel with a potential increase in resistance to reinfection.
High levels of fecundity in small and isolated populations of a self‐compatible Aloe pollinated by opportunistic birds and bees
Authors: Patrick K. L. , Johnson S. D. , Duffy K. J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Plant species that are effective colonisers of transient habitats are expected to have a capacity for uniparental reproduction and show flexibility in pollination systems. Such traits may enable populations to be established from a small number of founding individuals without these populations succumbing to reductions in fecundity arising from pollinator limitation.

We tested these predictions for Aloe thraskii (Xanthorrhoeaceae), a succulent treelet that colonises shifting coastal dunes and has both bird and bee pollinators. We performed hand‐pollination experiments, and selectively excluded bird visitors to determine differences in pollinator effectiveness. We measured pollinator visitation rates and fecundity in populations varying in their size, density and isolation distance.

Controlled hand‐pollinations revealed that unlike most other Aloe species, A. thraskii is self‐compatible and thus capable of uniparental reproduction. The species does however depend on pollinators and is visited by various bird species as well as by bees. Fruit and seed set are not affected by selective exclusion of birds, thus indicating that bees are effective pollinators. Bird visitation rates increased with increasing plant height and population size, while bee visitation rates increased with increasing population size and density. We found that seed set per flower was lower in large populations than in small populations.

These results suggest that establishment of populations of A. thraskii from a small number of individuals is unlikely to be limited by the fecundity of individual plants.
Functional anatomy reveals secretory activity in papillose anthers of a buzz‐pollinated Solanum species (Cyphomandra clade – Solanaceae)
Authors: Falcão B. F. , Stehmann J. R. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Pollination in Solanum (Solanaceae) species is commonly performed by female bees, which vibrate anthers to extract pollen. Another pollen removal type is by male euglossine bees, milking the anthers when searching for floral scents produced by secretory tissues (osmophorous) at the swollen connective of the anthers of species in the Cyphomandra clade. Some species of this clade, however, are buzz‐pollinated and present papillate anthers that should also have secretory activity, a hypothesis here tested.

The anthers of Solanum luridifuscescens were fixed at different stages of development and analysed under light microscopy, SEM and TEM. Histochemical tests for the detection of starch and lipids were done.

Epidermal cells of the abaxial surface of the anthers were visibly papillose, had large nuclei and dense cytoplasm rich in organelles such as mitochondria and plastids, typical features of secretory tissues. In this site, lipid droplets were detected, concomitantly with starch consumption, compatible with the secretory process in osmophores. No exudate or accumulation of substances was seen on the surface; in agreement with a previous pollination study performed in field conditions, where no pollinators were observed collecting floral scents, only pollen. The histochemical and structural analyses have evidenced the lipidic composition of the secretion, strongly pointing to terpenes as the secreted compounds.

Ours findings show that papillae of the anthers have secretory activities that produce lipophilic compounds. This does not result in resources for bees, but could be an evolutionary step to the development of more specialised anthers in the Cyphomandra clade.
Secondary sexual traits and semen characteristic of chicken germline chimeras
Authors: Łukaszewicz E , Lasoń M , Kowalczyk A , Bednarczyk M 
Published: March 2018

ContentsBirds obtained by embryo engineering are used to study embryo development and to produce transgenic birds. As this method of producing birds still generate strong emotions of the public opinion head ornaments, testes and semen characteristics of sex chimera roosters were examined to check whether they differ from chickens obtained by non‐manipulated methods. Measurements of head ornaments, testes and semen were correlated with each other. Semen quality factor (SQF) was calculated, as well as the level of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of bilateral traits (wattles and testes). Positive correlation was found for comb width and wattle length and comb thickness and sperm concentration. Semen characteristics andFAdid not exceed the level encounter in other chicken lines. Results obtained indicate that germline chimeras are similar in appearance of secondary sexual traits, and semen and testes characteristics to chickens produced in non‐manipulated way.
Interactions between different media and follicle‐stimulating hormone supplementation on in vitro culture of preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian tissue derived from collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu Linneaus, 1758)
Authors: Lima GL , Luz VB , Lima LF , Rocha RMP , Castro SV , Castelo TS , Rodrigues APR , Figueiredo JR , Silva AR 
Published: March 2018

ContentsThe aim was to verify the effect of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) supplementation to α‐MEM+ or TCM199+ media on the in vitro development of ovarian preantral follicles (PFs) derived from collared peccaries. Ovaries (n = 5 pairs) were collected and divided into fragments destined to control group (non‐cultured) or treatments that were cultured for 7 days. The PFs morphology, growth and activation were evaluated by classical histology. The immunohistochemistry markers Ag‐NOR and PCNA were used for nuclear proliferation analysis, and the picrosirius red labelling was used for ovarian extracellular matrix (ECM) evaluation. After 7‐day culture, only the TCM199+ treatment maintained the proportion of intact PFs similar to day 1 (63.2%), but no differences were found among treatments (p > .05). In addition, a significant increase in the growing follicles proportion was verified for all the treatments, indicating follicular activation (p > .05). By the Ag‐NOR analysis, only the TCM199+/FSH maintained the nuclear proliferation similar to the first day (p > .05). The picrosirius red staining revealed that the ECM remained intact in all the treatments (p > .05). We suggest the use of TCM199+ medium supplemented of FSH for the in vitro development of peccaries PFs under 7‐day culturing conditions.
Comparison of reports of missed nursing care: Registered Nurses vs. practical nurses in hospitals
Authors: Bragadóttir Helga , Kalisch Beatrice J. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundMissed nursing care is an error of omission defined as standard, required nursing care that is not completed or is seriously delayed. Study findings from around the world show that missed nursing care is a global concern.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare reports of missed nursing care by two types of nurses – registered nurses and practical nurses – in acute care hospitals in Iceland. Former studies in theUSAindicate a variance in reports of missed nursing care by staff with different roles.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional descriptive study using theMISSCARESurvey‐Icelandicquestionnaire for data collection. The questionnaire asks about the amount of missed nursing care on the unit for 24 nursing elements (Part A) and 17 reasons of care being missed (Part B). Participants were nursing staff from medical, surgical and intensive care units in all hospitals in Iceland.FindingsAt‐test for independent groups showed a significant difference for the overall missed nursing care score (Part A) between registered nurses (M= 2.09,SD= 0.51) and practical nurses (M= 1.82,SD= 0.59) [t(541) = 5.703, p < 0.001]. A comparison of the overall mean score for reasons of missed nursing care (Part B) between registered nurses (M= 2.32,SD= 0.38) and practical nurses (M= 2.21,SD= 0.62) indicated a significant difference in their reporting [t(299) = 2.210, p = 0.028]. In spite of the overall significant difference in ratings of the elements and reasons for missed nursing care by registered nurses and practical nurses, a pattern is evident in the ranking of the elements of nursing care being missed and reasons.ConclusionsThe findings of this study point to the need to acknowledge certain aspects of missed nursing care and the different roles within nursing. They indicate a need to improve open, sincere and structured communication and mutual respect and trust within healthcare teams in Icelandic hospitals.
Provenance of the great Cambrian sandstone succession of northern Gondwana unravelled by strontium, neodymium and lead isotopes of feldspars and clays
Authors: Ben Dor Yoav , Harlavan Yehudit , Avigad Dov 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe great Cambro–Ordovician sandstone succession of northern Gondwana is one of the most voluminous siliciclastic deposits on Earth. Its deposition took place following the Neoproterozoic Pan‐African Orogeny and the consolidation of Gondwana, a crucial episode in Earth history. Its provenance is of great importance for reconstructing palaeogeographic and tectonic settings and determining sediment dispersal patterns. In Israel and its environs, Palaeozoic sandstones overlie the juvenile Neoproterozoic basement of the Arabian–Nubian Shield. These basement rocks were considered as an important sediment source to the Cambro–Ordovician succession. However, recent studies established that a dominant portion of detrital zircons in the succession was derived from Archean–Proterozoic remobilized terranes, suggesting transportation distances of thousands of kilometres beyond the Arabian–Nubian Shield, and thus question the provenance of other, less weathering‐resistant constituents, which were not necessarily derived from the same localities. Feldspars and clays were separated from 13 samples and analyzed for mineralogical and geochemical compositions, strontium, neodymium and lead isotopes, in order to further constrain the provenance of the Cambro–Ordovician succession of northern Gondwana. Detrital feldspars have εNd values significantly different from feldspars of the Arabian–Nubian Shield, ranging from −8 to −14, with model ages of 950 to 1750 Ma, more radiogenic lead compositions, and μ (238U/204Pb) values ranging from 9·8 to 10·26. Clays are dominated by illite, smectite and kaolinite, with εNd values ranging between −14 and −9, with 87Sr/86Sr ratios up to 0·757. These findings point to a significant contribution of remote ancient terranes from outside the Arabian–Nubian Shield to the Cambro–Ordovician sandstone of northern Gondwana. The possible sources for these sediments are the Saharan Metacraton and the southern regions of the East African Orogen.
An Empirical Test of the Three‐Step Theory of Suicide in U.K. University Students
Authors: Dhingra Katie , Klonsky E. David , Tapola Vojna 
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study was to further our understanding of how individuals move down the pathway from first thinking about suicide to ultimately attempting to take their own lives by empirically testing the Three‐Step Theory (3ST) in a sample of university students (n = 665). Results largely support the theory's central propositions. First, an interactive model of pain and hopelessness accounted for substantial variance in suicidal desire. This result replicated in both men and women, and across age groups (i.e., below 35 and at or above 35). Also, as predicted, connectedness was protective against ideation in those high on both pain and hopelessness. However, contrary to our prediction, connectedness was similarly protective among everyone else. Finally, suicide capacity predicted suicide attempt history over and above current and lifetime suicide ideation. These findings provide further support to the 3ST.
Relations between parenting and adolescent's attachment in families differing in solidarity patterns
Authors: Lubiewska Katarzyna , Albert Isabelle , Trommsdorff Gisela , Friedlmeier Wolfgang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo explain attachment development in adolescence in different contexts we applied the family solidarity model (e.g., Bengtson, 2001 generally used to analyze intergenerational adult children‐elderly parents relations. The model differentiates four family solidarity patterns which were assumed in our study to occur in adolescent–parent relations, though with a different distribution. We tested a susceptibility hypothesis assuming that effects of parenting will be stronger in family patterns with higher, compared with lower, affectual solidarity. A sample of Polish adolescents, their mothers (N = 570, both), and their fathers (N = 290) was surveyed as part of the Value‐of‐Children‐Study (Trommsdorff & Nauck, 2005). Four family patterns were identified: highly affectual amicable and harmonious; and less affectual and most frequently displayed detached and disharmonious patterns. The parenting susceptibility hypothesis was supported: For amicable and harmonious families, adolescents’ perception of maternal rejection was more strongly related with their attachment compared with the other family types. Partly in line with our hypothesis, effects of paternal rejection on adolescents’ attachment were strongest in amicable families, however, not significant in harmonious families. The study demonstrates that the relation between parenting on adolescents’ attachment representation is influenced by the pattern of family parents–child relations.
Formative assessment and the role of teachers' content area
Authors: Lyon Christine Jennifer , Wylie Elizabeth Caroline , Brockway Debra , Mavronikolas Elia 
Published: March 2018

AbstractProfessional development (PD) programs focused on increasing teachers' use of formative assessment generally provide a framework designed to help teachers understand the breadth and complexity of formative assessment, while advocating for teacher choice with respect to the specific implementation. This study examined the implementation patterns of 82 high school mathematics and science teachers to understand whether implementation approaches differed by content area. Results suggested that mathematics and science teachers significantly increased their self‐reported practice of formative assessment, in similar ways; however, the specific approaches that mathematics and science teachers chose to operationalize on a daily basis differed. These findings have implications for the design of PD and future research efforts.