bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Genomic Consultation Service: A clinical service designed to improve patient selection for genome‐wide sequencing in British Columbia
Authors: Elliott Alison M. , du Souich Christèle , Adam Shelin , Dragojlovic Nick , van Karnebeek Clara , Nelson Tanya N. , Lehman Anna ,   The CAUSES Study, Lynd Larry D. , Friedman Jan M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundAccess to clinical diagnostic genome‐wide sequencing (GWS; exome or whole genome sequencing) is limited in British Columbia. The establishment of a translational research initiative (CAUSES) to provide diagnostic genome‐wide sequencing for 500 children necessitated the development of a genomic consultation service, a clinical service established to provide consultation for physicians considering GWS for their pediatric patients throughout British Columbia. The Genomic Consultation Service provides patient‐specific genomic advice that may include: GWS, multi‐gene panel, single gene test, referral to medical genetics for clinical evaluation, or no genetic testing. Here, we describe and evaluate this service.MethodsWe analyzed referral patterns, patient demographics, clinical indications, and genomic advice provided during the first year of this service. Comparison of outcomes from the first 6 months versus the last 6 months was performed.ResultsA total of 407 referrals (238 males and 169 females [p = .0006]) were processed in the first year. Only children were eligible for referral and average patient age was 8 years. Medical genetics was the most frequent referring discipline, followed by biochemical disease and pediatric neurology, respectively. Most patients (68%) had syndromic intellectual disability. There was a significant difference in the frequency of referrals not appropriate for GWS in the first versus the second 6 months of the service (75/220 vs. 42/187; p = .01) suggesting increasing awareness of testing criteria by referring physicians.ConclusionThis triage service is utilized throughout the province and appears to be an important factor in the high diagnostic rate (>40%) achieved in our GWS program.
Kreislaufwirtschaft: Von Anfang an ans Ende denken
Authors: Hiebel Markus , Reh Katharina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDas Beispiel Flüssigkristallbildschirme verdeutlicht die Möglichkeiten und Probleme der Kennzeichnung, des Designs und der Wiederverwertung. Indium daraus etwa wird aufgrund fehlender Verwertungsstrukturen und ökonomischer Anreize derzeit nicht zurückgewonnen.
Köln: Wissenschaft an Karneval
Authors: Breugst Martin , Diaz‐Hernandez Dolores , Disch Sabrina , Klußmann Martin , Prechtl Martin , Schlörer Nils , Strub Erik 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTraditionell fand am Mittwoch vor Karneval am Department für Chemie der Universität Köln die „Carnival Conference Session“ (CCS‐2018) statt, zum sechsten Mal seit 2012. Konzept der CCS ist es, dass auf Einladung der Nachwuchsgruppen des Departments Nachwuchswissenschaftler vortragen, die aus möglichst unterschiedlichen Teilbereichen der Chemie kommen. Insgesamt 70 Studierende und Dozenten fanden sich als Zuhörer ein. Die eintägige Veranstaltung wurde vom Junior Faculty Club der Universität Köln unterstützt.
Controversies in the Use of Lipid Injectable Emulsion in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Gervasio Jane Maria 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSoybean oil–based lipid injectable emulsion (SO‐based ILE) is an 18‐carbon, ω‐6 macronutrient providing a concentrated source of calories, which can be administered in or with parenteral nutrition to patients unable to tolerate or consume adequate enteral nutrition. Beyond the provision of energy, SO‐based ILE provides linoleic and linolenic acid, 2 essential fatty acids necessary for the prevention of essential fatty acid deficiency. However, SO‐based ILE with its high levels of ω‐6 fatty acids, long‐chain triglycerides, phospholipid emulsifiers, and glycerin has been associated with worsening clinical outcomes, including increase of infections, lengthier intensive care and hospital stay, and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Recognizing this, studies have investigated omitting SO‐based ILE in the critically ill patient for the first 7 days to observe if clinical outcomes are improved. Unfortunately, there is extremely limited research, and what is available is controversial. National guidelines have analyzed the studies, and they too are challenged to define a clear, high quality of evidence recommendation. It is important for the healthcare clinician to understand the research around this controversy to make best decisions for their patients.
Characterization of novel cell lines derived from a MYC‐driven murine model of lethal metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Markowski Mark C. , Hubbard Gretchen K. , Hicks Jessica L. , Zheng Qizhi , King Alexia , Esopi David , Rege Apurv , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , Bieberich Charles J. , De Marzo Angelo M. 
Published: May 2018

Background: Loss or mutation of PTEN alleles at 10q23 in combination with 8q24 amplification (encompassing MYC) are common findings in aggressive, human prostate cancer. Our group recently developed a transgenic murine model of prostate cancer involving prostate‐specific Pten deletion and forced expression of MYC under the control of the Hoxb13 promoter. MYC overexpression cooperated with Pten loss to recapitulate lethal, human prostate cancer.Method: We now report on the generation of two mouse prostate cancer cell lines, BMPC1 and BMPC2, derived from a lymph node, and liver metastasis, respectively.Results: Both cell lines demonstrate a phenotype consistent with adenocarcinoma and grew under standard tissue culture conditions. Androgen receptor (AR) protein expression is minimal (BMPC1) or absent (BMPC2) consistent with AR loss observed in the BMPC mouse model of invasive adenocarcinoma. Growth in media containing charcoal‐stripped serum resulted in an increase in AR mRNA in BMPC1 cells with no effect on protein expression, unless androgens were added, in which case AR protein was stabilized, and showed nuclear localization. AR expression in BMPC2 cells was not effected by growth media or treatment with androgens. Treatment with an anti‐androgen/castration or androgen supplemented media did not affect in vitro or in vivo growth of either cell line, irrespective of nuclear AR detection.Discussion: These cell lines are a novel model of androgen‐insensitive prostatic adenocarcinoma driven by MYC over‐expression and Pten loss.
Enantioselectivity in the tissue distribution of perhexiline contributes to different effects on hepatic histology and peripheral neural function in rats
Authors: Licari Giovanni , Milne Robert W. , Somogyi Andrew A. , Sallustio Benedetta C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPerhexiline, a chiral drug, is a potent antiischemic agent whose clinical utility is limited by hepatic and neural toxicities. It inhibits mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1, however, excessive inhibition predisposes toward tissue steatosis. This pilot study investigated the distribution of the two enantiomers and their toxicological potential. Dark Agouti rats (n = 4 per group) were administered vehicle or 200 mg/kg daily of racemic, (+)− or (−)‐perhexiline maleate orally for 8 weeks. Plasma biochemical liver function tests and Von Frey assessments of peripheral neural function were performed. Hepatic and neuronal histology, including lipid and glycogen content, was assessed using electron microscopy. Concentrations of the perhexiline enantiomers and metabolites were quantified in plasma, liver and heart. Plasma perhexiline concentrations following administration of racemate, (+)− or (‐)‐enantiomer were within the mid‐upper clinical therapeutic range. There was extensive uptake of both enantiomers into liver and heart, with 2.5‐ to 4.5‐fold greater net uptake of (+)‐ compared to (−)‐perhexiline (P < .05) when administered as pure enantiomers, but not when administered as racemate. There was no biochemical or gross histological evidence of hepatotoxicity. However, livers of animals administered (+)‐perhexiline had higher lipid (P < .01) and lower glycogen (P < .05) content, compared to those administered (−)‐perhexiline. Animals administered racemic perhexiline had reduced peripheral neural function (P < .05) compared to controls or animals administered (−)‐perhexiline. For the same plasma concentrations, differences in tissue distribution may contribute to disparities in the effects of (+)‐ and (−)‐perhexiline on hepatic histology and neural function.
Effects of oligomeric grape seed proanthocyanidins on L‐NAME‐induced hypertension in pregnant mice: Role of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Zhu Feng‐qin , Hu Juan , Lv Fa‐hui , Cheng Pan , Gao Shan 
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins (GSP) on Nω‐Nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester‐induced hypertension in pregnant mice. Fifty Kunming mice were randomized into control, control + GSP, model, and model + GSP. Three weeks later, the artery systolic blood pressure was examined and the related pathological changes were detected. Aorta relaxation function was assessed by aorta ring apparatus. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were measured by an automatic biochemistry analyzer. Colorimetric analysis, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, and western blot were applied to detect related indicator in serum, cardiac, and kidney tissues. The results showed that GSP treatment for 3 weeks could improve cardiovascular and kidney remodeling indexes and decrease blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine content in serum, as well as could ameliorate oxidative stress status and endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, it is for the first time found that GSP exerts protective effect against Nω‐Nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester‐induced hypertension in pregnant mice, which provided a theoretical basis for potential application in the clinic.
Effects of modified atmosphere packaging conditions on quality preservation of powdered infant formula
Authors: An Duck Soon , Wang Hong Jiang , Jaisan Chalalai , Lee Ji Hye , Jo Min Gyeong , Lee Dong Sun 
Published: May 2018

The effect of different modified atmospheres (100% N2, 100% CO2, 70% N2/30% CO2, 50% N2/50% CO2, and air) on the quality preservation of powdered infant formula was investigated by a storage test at 30°C. Metal can packages of 400 g per unit were stored for 493 days with periodic measurements of package gas composition and product quality attributes, which included peroxide value (POV), pH, titratable acidity, bifidobacteria count, hydroxymethylfurfural content, surface colour, and solubility. In the air package, POV as an oxidative quality index increased highly along with oxygen concentration decrease, reaching a maximum of 58.7 meq/kg lipid at 350 days. Compared with the air package, POV increase of the product was significantly lower, with all the O2‐excluded modified atmosphere packages showing a maximum of 28.5 to 29.3 meq/kg at 350 days. Packages of high CO2 concentration experienced a pH decrease and an acidity increase of the stored product caused by dissolution of CO2. The count of bifidobacteria in the product was maintained higher after 119 days in the package of 100% CO2 than in the other packages. Hydroxymethylfurfural content showed a slight increase after an initial period of slight decrease, with little difference among the package treatments. There were no significant changes in product solubility and surface colour during storage. Considering that the high CO2 atmosphere helps the survival of bifidobacteria and protects the product from oxidation without negative effects on the other quality attributes, it is suggested for use in packaging of powdered infant formula.
Stability analysis of nonholonomic multiagent coordinate‐free formation control subject to communication delays
Authors: González Antonio , Aragüés Rosario , López‐Nicolás Gonzalo , Sagüés Carlos 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThis paper investigates the convergence of nonholonomic multiagent coordinate‐free formation control to a prescribed target formation subject to communication delays by means of Lyapunov‐Krasovskii approach and smooth state‐feedback control laws. As a result, an iterative algorithm based on linear matrix inequalities is provided to obtain the worst‐case point‐to‐point delay under which the multiagent system is guaranteed to be stable. It is worth mentioning that: (i) the given algorithm holds for any connected communication topology and (ii) the formation control is coordinate‐free, that is, a common frame is not required to be shared between agents. The effectiveness of the given method is illustrated through simulation results.
Effect of urbanization on stream hydraulics
Authors: Anim D. O. , Fletcher T. D. , Vietz G. J. , Pasternack G. B. , Burns M. J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUrbanization results in major changes to stream morphology and hydrology with the latter often cited as a primary stressor of urban stream ecosystems. These modifications unequivocally alter stream hydraulics, but little is known about such impacts. Hydraulic changes due to urbanization were demonstrated using two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model simulations, comparing urban and non‐urban stream reaches. We investigated three ecologically relevant hydraulic characteristics: bed mobilization, retentive habitat, and floodplain inundation, using hydraulic metrics bed shear stress, shallow slow‐water habitat (SSWH) area, and floodplain inundation area. We hypothesized that urbanization would substantially increase bed mobilization, decrease retentive habitat, and due to increased channel size would decrease floodplain inundation. Relative percent area of bed disturbance was 4 times higher, compared with that of the non‐urban stream at bankfull discharge. SSWH availability rapidly diminished in the urban stream as discharge increased, with SSWH area and patch size 2 times smaller than the non‐urban stream for a frequently occurring flow 0.7 times bankfull discharge. Floodplain inundation decreased in frequency and duration. These results demonstrate changes in hydraulics due to urbanization that may impact on physical habitat in streams. New “water sensitive” approaches to stormwater management could be enhanced by specification of hydraulic regimes capable of supporting healthy stream habitats. We propose that a complete management approach should include the goals of restoration and protection of natural hydraulic processes, particularly those that support ecological and geomorphic functioning of streams.
65‐4: Invited Paper: Ergonomic Approaches to Stereoscopic and 360° Images
Authors: Kawai Takashi 
Published: June 2018

The present paper describes ergonomic approaches to stereoscopic and 360° images, which are mainly presented in virtual reality (VR).Experimental studies using fixation measurements showed that characteristics of stereoscopic and 360° images. These approaches can be utilized for evaluation and design of VR content.
The implementation of adaptive elements into an experimental high‐rise building
Authors: Weidner Stefanie , Kelleter Christian , Sternberg Paula , Haase Walter , Geiger Florian , Burghardt Timon , Honold Clemens , Wagner Julia , Böhm Michael , Bischoff Manfred , Sawodny Oliver , Binz Hansgeorg 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDedicated to our speaker, Prof. Werner Sobek, in honour of his 65th birthdayIn 2017, the University of Stuttgart started a Collaborative Research Centre with the title Adaptive Skins and Structures for the Built Environment of Tomorrow. The goal of this research project is to find an answer to today's most urgent social and ecological questions as the global population continuously increases and the available resources remain limited. As the central approach to the solution of this problem, adaptive elements will be included in the structure, the interior and the façade of an experimental 37 m tall building. This paper introduces the topic of adaptivity in building structures and provides an overview of the research topics applied in this globally unique adaptive high‐rise building. Due to the complexity of research topics of this Collaborative Research Centre, this paper only covers the research concerning the experimental high‐rise building.
Spatial Variability and Macro‐Scale Drivers of Growth for Native and Introduced Flathead Catfish Populations
Authors: Massie Danielle L. , Smith Geoffrey D. , Bonvechio Timothy F. , Bunch Aaron J. , Lucchesi David O. , Wagner Tyler 
Published: May 2018

AbstractQuantifying spatial variability in fish growth and identifying large‐scale drivers of growth are fundamental to many conservation and management decisions. Although fish growth studies often focus on a single population, it is becoming increasingly clear that large‐scale studies are likely needed for addressing transboundary management needs. This is particularly true for species with high recreational value and for those with negative ecological consequences when introduced outside of their native range, such as the Flathead CatfishPylodictis olivaris. This study quantified growth variability of the Flathead Catfish across a large portion of its contemporary range to determine whether growth differences existed between habitat types (i.e., reservoirs and rivers) and between native and introduced populations. Additionally, we investigated whether growth parameters varied as a function of latitude and time since introduction (for introduced populations). Length‐at‐age data from 26 populations across 11 states in theUSAwere modeled using a Bayesian hierarchical von Bertalanffy growth model. Population‐specific growth trajectories revealed large variation in Flathead Catfish growth and relatively high uncertainty in growth parameters for some populations. Relatively high uncertainty was also evident when comparing populations and when quantifying large‐scale patterns. Growth parameters (Brody growth coefficient [K] and theoretical maximum average length [L∞]) were not different (based on overlapping 90% credible intervals) between habitat types or between native and introduced populations. For populations within the introduced range of Flathead Catfish, latitude was negatively correlated withK. For native populations, we estimated an 85% probability thatL∞estimates were negatively correlated with latitude. Contrary to predictions, time since introduction was not correlated with growth parameters in introduced populations of Flathead Catfish. Results of this study suggest that Flathead Catfish growth patterns are likely shaped more strongly by finer‐scale processes (e.g., exploitation or prey abundances) as opposed to macro‐scale drivers.
Evidence‐Based Discussions of Learning Facilitated through a Peer Review of Assessment
Authors: Stanny Claudia J. , Stone Erin W. , Mitchell‐Cook Amy 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Center for University Teaching, Learning, and Assessment facilitates an annual peer review of assessment to nurture a culture of assessment and develop faculty skill with assessment. Faculty representatives meet annually for a campus‐wide discussion of assessment and student learning. Faculty engage in peer instruction on effective assessment practices and reflect on strategies that might help students overcome challenges with specific learning outcomes.
The evolution of posttranscriptional regulation
Authors: Schaefke Bernhard , Sun Wei , Li Yi‐Sheng , Fang Liang , Chen Wei 
Published: May 2018

"DNA makes RNA makes protein." After transcription, mRNAs undergo a series of intertwining processes to be finally translated into functional proteins. The “posttranscriptional” regulation (PTR) provides cells an extended option to fine‐tune their proteomes. To meet the demands of complex organism development and the appropriate response to environmental stimuli, every step in these processes needs to be finely regulated. Moreover, changes in these regulatory processes are important driving forces underlying the evolution of phenotypic differences across different species. The major PTR mechanisms discussed in this review include the regulation of splicing, polyadenylation, decay, and translation. For alternative splicing and polyadenylation, we mainly discuss their evolutionary dynamics and the genetic changes underlying the regulatory differences in cis‐elements versus trans‐factors. For mRNA decay and translation, which, together with transcription, determine the cellular RNA or protein abundance, we focus our discussion on how their divergence coordinates with transcriptional changes to shape the evolution of gene expression. Then to highlight the importance of PTR in the evolution of higher complexity, we focus on their roles in two major phenomena during eukaryotic evolution: the evolution of multicellularity and the division of labor between different cell types and tissues; and the emergence of diverse, often highly specialized individual phenotypes, especially those concerning behavior in eusocial insects.This article is categorized under:

RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution
Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
MTMO: an efficient network‐centric algorithm for subtree counting and enumeration
Authors: Li Guanghui , Luo Jiawei , Xiao Zheng , Liang Cheng 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundThe frequency of small subtrees in biological, social, and other types of networks could shed light into the structure, function, and evolution of such networks. However, counting all possible subtrees of a prescribed size can be computationally expensive because of their potentially large number even in small, sparse networks. Moreover, most of the existing algorithms for subtree counting belong to the subtree‐centric approaches, which search for a specific single subtree type at a time, potentially taking more time by searching again on the same network.MethodsIn this paper, we propose a network‐centric algorithm (MTMO) to efficiently count k‐size subtrees. Our algorithm is based on the enumeration of all connected sets of k –1 edges, incorporates a labeled rooted tree data structure in the enumeration process to reduce the number of isomorphism tests required, and uses an array‐based indexing scheme to simplify the subtree counting method.ResultsThe experiments on three representative undirected complex networks show that our algorithm is roughly an order of magnitude faster than existing subtree‐centric approaches and base network‐centric algorithm which does not use rooted tree, allowing for counting larger subtrees in larger networks than previously possible. We also show major differences between unicellular and multicellular organisms. In addition, our algorithm is applied to find network motifs based on pattern growth approach.ConclusionsA network‐centric algorithm which allows for a faster counting of non‐induced subtrees is proposed. This enables us to count larger motif in larger networks than previously.