bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OH as an Alternate Tracer for Molecular Gas: Excitation Temperatures of the OH 18 cm Main Lines in W5
Authors: Engelke Philip D. , Allen Ronald J. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We present excitation temperatures T
ex for the OH 18 cm main lines at 1665 and 1667 MHz measured directly in front of the W5 star-forming region, using observations from the Green Bank Telescope and the Very Large Array. We find unequivocally that T
ex at 1665 MHz is greater than T
ex at 1667 MHz. Our method exploits variations in the continuum emission from W5, and the fact that the continuum brightness temperatures T

C
in this nebula are close to the excitation temperatures of the OH lines in the foreground gas. The result is that an OH line can appear in emission in one location and in absorption in a neighboring location, and the value of T

C
where the profiles switch from emission to absorption indicates T
ex. Absolute measurements of T
ex for the main lines were subject to greater uncertainty because of unknown effects of geometry of the OH features. We also employed the traditional “expected profile” method for comparison with our “continuum background” method and found that the continuum background method provided more precise results and was the one to definitively show the T
ex difference. Our best estimate values are

K,

K, and

K. The T
ex values we have measured for the ISM in front of W5 are similar to those found in the quiescent ISM, indicating that proximity to massive star-forming regions does not generally result in widespread anomalous excitation of OH emission.
Three-dimensional GRMHD Simulations of Neutrino-cooled Accretion Disks from Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Siegel Daniel M. , Metzger Brian D. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Merging binaries consisting of two neutron stars (NSs) or an NS and a stellar-mass black hole typically form a massive accretion torus around the remnant black hole or long-lived NS. Outflows from these neutrino-cooled accretion disks represent an important site for r-process nucleosynthesis and the generation of kilonovae. We present the first three-dimensional, general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations including weak interactions and a realistic equation of state of such accretion disks over viscous timescales (380 ms). We witness the emergence of steady-state MHD turbulence, a magnetic dynamo with an ∼20 ms cycle, and the generation of a “hot” disk corona that launches powerful thermal outflows aided by the energy released as free nucleons recombine into α-particles. We identify a self-regulation mechanism that keeps the midplane electron fraction low (Y
e ∼ 0.1) over viscous timescales. This neutron-rich reservoir, in turn, feeds outflows that retain a sufficiently low value of Y
e ≈ 0.2 to robustly synthesize third-peak r-process elements. The quasi-spherical outflows are projected to unbind 40% of the initial disk mass with typical asymptotic escape velocities of 0.1c and may thus represent the dominant mass ejection mechanism in NS–NS mergers. Including neutrino absorption, our findings agree with previous hydrodynamical α-disk simulations that the entire range of r-process nuclei from the first to the third r-process peak can be synthesized in the outflows, in good agreement with observed solar system abundances. The asymptotic escape velocities and quantity of ejecta, when extrapolated to moderately higher disk masses, are consistent with those needed to explain the red kilonova emission following the NS merger GW170817.
The Nature of Deeply Buried Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies: A Unified Model for Highly Obscured Dusty Galaxy Emission
Authors: Marshall J. A. , Elitzur M. , Armus L. , Diaz-Santos T. , Charmandaris V. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We present models of deeply buried ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and use them to construct a three-dimensional diagram for diagnosing the nature of observed ULIRGs. Our goal is to construct a suite of SEDs for a very simple model ULIRG structure, and to explore how well this simple model can (by itself) explain the full range of observed ULIRG properties. We use our diagnostic to analyze archival Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Spectrograph data of ULIRGs and find that: (1) in general, our model does provide a comprehensive explanation of the distribution of mid-IR ULIRG properties; (2) >75% (in some cases 100%) of the bolometric luminosities of the most deeply buried ULIRGs must be powered by a dust-enshrouded active galactic nucleus; (3) an unobscured “keyhole” view through ≲10% of the obscuring medium surrounding a deeply buried ULIRG is sufficient to make it appear nearly unobscured in the mid-IR; (4) the observed absence of deeply buried ULIRGs with large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) equivalent widths is naturally explained by our models, showing that deep absorption features are “filled-in” by small quantities of foreground unobscured PAH emission (e.g., from the host galaxy disk) at the level of ∼1% the bolometric nuclear luminosity. The modeling and analysis we present will also serve as a powerful tool for interpreting the high angular resolution spectra of high-redshift sources to be obtained with the James Webb Space Telescope.
“This pain of moving, moving, moving:” evictions, displacement and logics of expulsion in London
Authors: Watt Paul 
Published: May 2018

Cet article propose de développer et de préciser empiriquement ce que Saskia Sassen a récemment nommé les « logiques d’expulsion ». Dans un contexte de crise du logement et de croissance de la population des sans-abri à Londres, l’article s’appuie sur des recherches approfondies menées sur les expulsions de logements et les déplacements de population vers des centres d’hébergement temporaire dans trois quartiers de Londres et de sa périphérie. Le premier est un lotissement public du nord de Londres en cours de régénération et impliquant la démolition de logements. Le second, à l’Est de Londres, a subi d’importantes transformations après les Jeux olympiques de 2012. Le troisième est à l’extérieur de Londres : on y étudiera plus précisément un immeuble d’appartements qui accueille temporairement les Londoniens qui ont été déplacés de la capitale. L’article apporte deux idées principales. Tout d’abord, il approfondit et enrichit les travaux portant sur l’expulsion en distinguant six logiques d’expulsion et en traçant leurs effets sur les ménages. Ensuite, il montre comment le déplacement récurrent des populations produit de l’angoisse, et démontre qu’il existe un lien fort entre le sans-abrisme et le logement social.
L’expulsion comme mode de gouvernement. Les politiques des favelas à Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Vieira da Cunha Neiva 
Published: May 2018

À Rio de Janeiro, la formation des espaces de favela s’est dessiné dès la fin du xix	e siècle. Au début du xx	e siècle, la favela devient un problème public et l’État commence à proposer son éradication, par le biais de politiques de déplacement des populations. Ces politiques, qui connaissent un essor entre les années 1960 et 1970, ont laissé des traces profondes dans l’histoire de la ville. Plus récemment, le choix de Rio de Janeiro comme siège de la Coupe du monde de football (2014) et des Jeux olympiques (2016) a eu pour conséquence la mise en œuvre de politiques publiques de rénovation urbaine. Les projets envisageaient de privilégier les zones considérées comme stratégiques du point de vue de leur potentiel économique aussi bien que touristique, et beaucoup d’entre eux ont été déployés dans des espaces de logement populaire, particulièrement dans les favelas : un nombre inédit de familles ont été expulsées de leurs logements. Cet article cherche à analyser les effets de ces politiques publiques sur la vie quotidienne des habitants des favelas et sur la restructuration de la ville, ainsi que les formes de résistance et de mobilisations collectives qu’elles ont suscitées. L’enjeu sera de mettre en évidence les relations entre, d’une part, les modalités de construction des représentations et des formes de classifications sociales des favelas et, d’autre part, le processus plus large de production de l’espace urbain à Rio de Janeiro.
L’engagement associatif d’anciens militants communistes : carrières, pratiques et modèles
Authors: Trenta Arnaud 
Published: May 2018

Cet article s’inscrit dans les débats sur les transformations du militantisme, il discute la séparation historique des deux grands modèles de militantisme définis par Jacques Ion. L’objectif de l’article est de mettre en lumière la pluralité des pratiques militantes qui coexistent à différentes époques et les rapports plus ou moins distants que les acteurs entretiennent avec les modèles d’engagement. L’analyse repose sur une enquête approfondie dans une association locale dirigée par d’anciens militants du Parti communiste français. En mêlant les récits biographiques à l’observation des interactions, elle cible les points de tension entre, d’une part, les définitions du militantisme légitime dans des contextes donnés et, d’autre part, les formes concrètes d’action et de relation dans les organisations militantes. À partir de ces résultats, nous proposons une grille d’analyse diachronique sensible à la pluralité des modèles d’engagement et des pratiques militantes.
Recréer les images de danger et de salut. Les sens donnés à l’enfance « appropriée » par le terrorisme d’État en Argentine
Authors: Villalta Carla 
Published: May 2018

Durant la dernière dictature militaire argentine (1976-1983), le plan systématique d’appropriation des enfants des militants assassinés ou disparus mis en œuvre par les militaires a séparé des centaines d’enfants de leur famille, les donnant en adoption illégale, après avoir falsifié l’inscription de leur naissance à l’état civil. Nous analysons dans le présent article les arguments et les explications utilisés par les tenants de la dictature pour tenter de justifier et de légitimer de telles pratiques. Nous étudions notamment le rapport existant entre ces constructions discursives et certaines catégories sociales et institutionnelles qui avaient pour fonction de donner un sens au problème de l’enfance « abandonnée » et d’intervenir dans ce domaine. De cette façon, nous examinons comment l’enfance est devenue un champ de confrontation, dans la mesure où les valeurs modèles qui lui sont traditionnellement associées – entre autres, l’innocence, la fragilité, la pureté – ont été non seulement utilisées par le régime répressif pour justifier l’appropriation des enfants, mais aussi recréées par leurs grands-mères pour dénoncer ces crimes.
Fragmentation des parcours de vie et des droits de l’enfance face aux ruptures familiales en Bolivie
Authors: Cavagnoud Robin 
Published: May 2018

Les parcours de vie des enfants et jeunes en situation de grande précarité sont fréquemment marqués par des événements qui bouleversent l’organisation de leur vie quotidienne. Parmi ces faits, on peut citer la fugue volontaire ou l’expulsion forcée du ménage entraînant une rupture des liens familiaux et un mode de vie « de rue ». À partir des résultats d’une enquête réalisée à La Paz et à El Alto, cet article montre dans quelle mesure les parcours de vie de ces enfants et jeunes se caractérisent par des processus d’individuation et de fragmentation indiquant le caractère dorénavant inopérant des notions de « carrière » dans la déviance et de « bande » au profit de l’idée de « réseau » où circulent les enfants au sein d’un ensemble d’entourages. Cette situation pose la question des politiques d’intervention auprès de cette population, principalement attribuées à des Organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) et d’associations, qui ne parviennent que partiellement à intégrer les enfants dans leurs programmes d’aide. Les parcours de vie de ces enfants interpellent enfin les notions de construction socioculturelle de l’enfance, d’individu et d’idéal d’autonomie, selon une évolution du statut d’enfant à la fois reflétée dans la Convention internationale des droits de l’enfant (CIDE) de 1989 et en décalage avec les principes de protection sociale de ce texte.
RNF31 Regulates Skin Homeostasis by Protecting Epidermal Keratinocytes from Cell Death
Authors: Tang Yong , Tu Hailin , Liu Guangna , Zheng Guoxing , Wang Mingchao , Li Lin , Zhao Xueqiang , Lin Xin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex plays an important role in regulating TNF-α signaling activation by modifying target proteins with linear (M1-linked) ubiquitin chains. In this study, we report that the epidermis-specific knockout (KO) of RNF31, the catalytic subunit of linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex, results in an early postnatal lethality in mice due to severe skin inflammation. The inflammation was mainly triggered by TNF-α–induced apoptosis in RNF31 KO keratinocytes. Mechanistically, the deficiency of RNF31 not only impaired TNF-α–induced NF-κB activation, but also significantly increased apoptosis. Consistently, deleting TNF receptor 1 could rescue the lethality of RNF31 epidermis-specific KO mice and also the skin inflammation. Collectively, our study provides an in vivo insight that linear ubiquitination is critical for maintaining the homeostasis of keratinocytes, which will shed light on designing therapeutic compounds to treat skin inflammation.
On an Enriques Surface Associated With a Quartic Hessian Surface
Authors: Shimada Ichiro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLet $Y$ be a complex Enriques surface whose universal cover $X$ is birational to a general quartic Hessian surface. Using the result on the automorphism group of $X$ due to Dolgachev and Keum, we obtain a finite presentation of the automorphism group of $Y$. The list of elliptic fibrations on $Y$ and the list of combinations of rational double points that can appear on a surface birational to $Y$ are presented. As an application, a set of generators of the automorphism group of the generic Enriques surface is calculated explicitly.
Perceptive Determination of Motivating and Demotivating Factors in Learning EFL Among Saudi Freshmen Studying at Taif University
Authors: Al-Malki Eidhah Abdullah 
Published: May 2018

This empirical survey aims at exploring Saudi freshmen students’ instrumental and integrative motivational orientation to learn English as a foreign language as well as to identify what demotivational factors negatively affect their language learning. A 38-item self-developed strongly-agree to strongly-disagree Likert-scale questionnaire was administered to 133 Saudi freshmen students from a Saudi university to generate data related to their motivational and demotivational factors. Data analyses were done to calculate percentages and means through descriptive analyses to measure the participants’ preferences for various questionnaire items. The results of this quantitative investigation have revealed that Saudi freshmen students bear stronger instrumental motivation along with a reasonably high integrative motivation and have demonstrated mild negative effect towards learning English caused by various demotivational factors. Among the primary instrumental motivational orientations of Saudi freshmen, the role of English language to enable them to better understand their textbooks and reference material, effectively interact with foreigners during their international travels and enhanced chances to secure better job have been ranked the highest. The results of this survey have disclosed an interesting fact that the participants of this study have exhibited extremely positive attitude towards the target language. The descriptive analyses also suggest that Saudi freshmen have moderate inhibitory factors against learning the target language related to understanding English language teachers, difficult English textbooks, difficult English grammar and vocabulary and lack of chances of practicing the target language outside the university setting. The participants have mentioned that no major hinderances are caused by inappropriate behavior of their teachers and peers as well as lack of teaching aids. Some pedagogical implications and suggestions have been drawn based on the findings of this empirical survey.
« Just allow the space to tell us what we should be… what we should be doing » : l’expérience cinématographique de la musique improvisée
Authors: Dallaire Frédéric 
Published: May 2018

Cet article explore l’hypothèse suivante : le cinéma peut nous faire voir et entendre la dimension éthique et politique de l’improvisation musicale. Il décrit concrètement les éléments de cette politique de l’improvisation en analysant plusieurs séquences du film Step Across the Border (1990) de Nicolas Humbert et Werner Penzel. Il étudie deux principes relationnels qui structurent la pratique de l’improvisation musicale et cinématographique explorée dans le film. L’implication (intégration du créateur dans l’espace sonore) et la résonance (transformation mutuelle du son, du contexte, de l’auditeur) modifient la dynamique du tournage et souligne le potentiel musical des espaces quotidiens (la rue, le café, la mer, l’usine). De plus, le montage cinématographique a un pouvoir de mise en relation, il crée un espace de résonance qui brouille les frontières entre les musiciens (Fred Frith et ses amis), les cinéastes et les spectateurs. Cette « expérimentation de nouvelles formes sociales de création » (Saladin 2014, p. 205) produit une expérience cinématographique libre et singulière : dans ce film, la musique est un phénomène pluriel qui peut déplacer notre regard, notre écoute, et ainsi interroger nos manières d’interagir avec les autres.
Research on scholarships holders who studied abroad and returned to Serbia
Authors: Vasojevic Nena A. , Kirin Snežana , Marković Predrag J. 
Published: May 2018

Knowledge has become the most valuable resource of the new era and the resource of the future. The intention of this study is to improve knowledge about the problem of migration of educated people from Serbia from the perspective of scholarship holders who, after being abroad, returned to their country. The aim of this research is to show the profile of the scholarship holders of post-academic and post-graduate students, who studied abroad and then returned to Serbia. Their motives for departure and return, as well as their perception of integration into the work environment in Serbia and utilization of their knowledge is presented. Methods: For the purpose of this research a questionnaire was constructed which was distributed online. Collected data were analysed using statistical tools. Results: This research has shown that the primary motive for education abroad is the desire for personal development. It has also been shown that an important factor for the return of students from abroad is their expectation of comparative advantage in the labour market and their belief of getting a desired job. Apart from this, it is shown that the scholarship holders only partially used the acquired knowledge and thus, do not have enough influence in the development of their organizations.Conclusion: The main research contribution is reflected in the improvement of the knowledge about the motivation of scholars to return from developed countries and highlighted problems which scholarship holders have after returning.Implications and research limitation: the results obtained can be generalised to countries that are passing or have recently moved a transition, and are similar in cultural characteristics. The present contains certain limitations that must be taken into account while interpreting final results. The most significant constraint is the sample size, but the obtained results, especially the motives of the scientific experts for a return to the country, are extremely important and can be considered the starting basis for further research.
Microstructured Anodes by Surface Wrinkling for Studies of Direct Electron Transfer Biofilms in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Abbaszadeh Amirdehi Mehran , Saem Sokunthearath , Zarabadi Mir Pouyan , Moran‐Mirabal Jose M. , Greener Jesse 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA method for producing hierarchical wrinkled gold surfaces is used to continuously change characteristic microstructure dimensions of a bioanode in a microbial fuel cell, while conserving the total electroactive surface area and material chemistry. Using this approach, the effect of anode topography on power outputs from direct electron transfer from Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms can be isolated and studied without the competing effects associated with additive manufacturing. Despite having the same electroactive surface area for all structured anodes, tall and well‐spaced features perform best. Anodes with the shortest, most closely packed structures, on the other hand, do not perform any better than planar surfaces with the same footprint and lower electroactive surface area. It is postulated that large interfold spacing provides better electrical contact between the biofilm and the electrode via improved bacterial packing density at the electrode surface. Rigorous attention to structural dimensions rather than total electroactive surface area is proposed as an important direction for future bioanode optimization in microbial fuel cells containing direct electron transfer electroactive biofilms.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Annulation of 2‐Alkenyl Anilides with Alkynes through C−H Activation: Direct Access to 2‐Substituted Indolines
Authors: Font Marc , Cendón Borja , Seoane Andrés , Mascareñas José Luis , Gulías Moisés 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA RhIII complex featuring an electron‐deficient η5‐cyclopentadienyl ligand catalyzed an unusual annulation between alkynes and 2‐alkenyl anilides to form synthetically appealing 2‐substituted indolines. Formally, the process can be viewed as an allylic amination with concomitant hydrocarbonation of the alkyne. Mechanistic experiments indicate that this transformation involves an unusual rhodium migration with a concomitant 1,5‐H shift.
Readily Processable Hole‐Transporting Peropyrene Gels
Authors: Martínez‐Abadía Marta , Antonicelli Gabriella , Saeki Akinori , Mateo‐Alonso Aurelio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe development of organic electronics requires scalable solution‐processing methods that enable the fabrication of electronic devices over large areas at low cost. The preparation of peropyrene gels constituted of 3D networks of entangled 1D ribbon‐like fibrils that extend over the μm scale are now reported. OFETs were easily fabricated by depositing the gels in the sol state over bottom‐gate bottom‐contact transistors and by allowing its gelation thereafter. Electrical characterisation of such field‐effect transistors shows a good balance between processability and performance with hole mobilities that are two orders of magnitude higher than those observed in thin films obtained from non‐gelating solvents under the same conditions.
Manipulating the Flow of Nanoconfined Water by Temperature Stimulation
Authors: Wu Keliu , Chen Zhangxin , Li Jing , Xu Jinze , Wang Kun , Wang Shuhua , Dong Xiaohu , Zhu Zhouyuan , Peng Yan , Jia Xinfeng , Li Xiangfang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe manipulation of a nanoconfined fluid flow is a great challenge and is critical in both fundamental research and practical applications. Compared with chemical or biochemical stimulation, the use of temperature as controllable, physical stimulation possesses huge advantages, such as low cost, easy operation, reversibility, and no contamination. We demonstrate an elegant, simple strategy by which temperature stimulation can readily manipulate the nanoconfined water flow by tuning interfacial and viscous resistances. We show that with an increase in temperature, the water fluidity is decreased in hydrophilic nanopores, whereas it is enhanced by at least four orders of magnitude in hydrophobic nanopores, especially in carbon nanotubes with a controlled size and atomically smooth walls. We attribute these opposing trends to a dramatic difference in varying surface wettability that results from a small temperature variation.