bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiotoxic elements of 210Pb and 210Po inhalation dose calculation in tobacco smokes
Authors: Abbasi Akbar , Zakaly Hesham M. H. , Almousa Nouf , Mirekhtiary Fatemeh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An assessment of 210Po and 210Pb concentrations in tobacco samples from Turkey was conducted for this study. Although tobacco contains elevated levels of 210Pb and 210Po, smoking is recognized to be a significant contributor to radiation doses received by individuals. The chemical separation process and Alpha spectroscopy were applied to determine 210Pb and 210Po. According to this analysis, the activity concentrations 210Po in cigarette samples ranged between 5.28 ± 0.15 mBq/g to 27.15 ± 2.10 mBq/g, with an average of 14.69 ± 0.68 mBq/g. Similarly, the activity concentration 210Pb in cigarette samples was obtained from 5.11 ± 0.14 mBq/g to 22.08 ± 1.36 mBq/g, with an average of 12.36 ± 0.37 mBq/g. Inhalation of 210Po and 210Pb with cigarette smoke was used to calculate the annual effective doses. The mean values of the annual effective dose from 210Po and 210Pb for smokers were estimated to be 117.77 μSv/y and 98.97 μSv/y respectively. It can be concluded from the above that smoking cigarettes and absorbing 210Po and 210Pb through the respiratory system are the main sources and the principal pathways through which smokers can receive doses.
Research on a synergistic formula of anionic and betaine type surfactants for natural gas fields
Authors: Wang Jianwei , Lian Yubo , Chen Xiang , Yang Haiyan , Chang Wanjun , Zhang Jie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To further improve the foaming properties, foam stability, salt and temperature resistance, betaine surfactants were combined with sodium dodecyl sulphate-derived multifunctional surfactants synthesized in laboratory. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-derived multifunctional surfactants (HSDS) was synthesized and the changes in performance before and after the addition of hexadecyl betaine (HB) to hydroxymethylated sodium dodecyl sulfate were comprehensively compared by carrying out experiments such as such as measuring foam volume and surface tension. The foaming volume of hexadecyl betaine (HB) compounded with HSDS-4 is found to reach 475 mL with a half-life of 7.72 min. The temperature resistance test shows that the foam volume of HS-4 at 70 °C is 22.9 mL. At a salt content of 200 g L−1, the foam volume of HS-4 is still 355 mL with a half-life of 6.13 min. Finally, the microstructure of the foams produced by the different compounds was measured. The foam produced by HS-4 had the lowest defoaming rate compared to the other compounds. The effectiveness of the compounded product in improving the recovery rate is shown, providing support for the further innovation and utility of this technology.
State power, Global Production Networks, and underdevelopment: examining South Carolina’s success in fostering strategic coupling
Authors: Teixeira Tiago 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Under the notion of strategic coupling, GPN scholarship acknowledges the pivotal role of firms and non-firm actors in integrating regions into value chains and in regional development. However, the GPN 2.0 approach has focused largely on firms with limited attention to state managers’ practices in coupling creation. This paper addresses this gap by engaging with Jessop’s strategic-relational approach, Fred Block, and uneven and combined development theory to examine state managers’ action in coupling creation. Examining South Carolina as a case study, the paper argues that its success in attracting foreign direct investments (FDIs) stems from the interplay of state power, a manufacturing fraction of capital, and underdevelopment. South Carolina leverages its underdevelopment to create policies that attract FDIs and promote strategic coupling. Three key dimensions of state action are identified: fluidity and flexibility, commitment to right-to-work status, and alignment of the education system with corporate interests. This research is based on qualitative methods. Thirty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted in South Carolina.
Synergising tradition and innovation: Fortification of milk kefir with date syrup, a novel functional beverage
Authors: Ben Temessek M. , Rebai O. , Sulli M. , Ben Abdallah R. , Diretto G. , Fattouch S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMilk kefir is gaining popularity due to its high probiotic content. This study focuses on fortifying milk kefir with date syrup to enhance its sensory attributes, with the goal of encouraging consumption among the younger generation. Date syrup was added to milk kefir in specific proportions (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% per 100 mL of milk). The selection of the most suitable percentage (10%, 74 °Bx) was determined based on sensory preferences indicated by the panellists. The newly developed fermented beverage underwent physicochemical and biochemical analyses over a 14-day fermentation period. Results revealed that the addition of date syrup led to a significant (P ≤ 0.001) decrease in pH and total soluble solids (TSS) content, accompanied by a noteworthy increase in total phenolic, flavonoids, condensed tannins contents and antioxidant activity (almost 2-fold). Liquid chromatography - heated electrospray ionisation - mass spectrometry (LC-HESI-MS/MS) results identified the presence of a newly formed and important antifungal compound, p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (HPLA), showing a progressive increase in quantity during the fermentation process (13.8-fold on the 14th day of fermentation). Hence, the outcomes of this study offer compelling evidence that a novel category of functional beverage can be developed by employing milk kefir as an appropriate starter with the incorporation of date syrup.
Dynamic Ruptures on Bending Fault: Insights from Numerical Simulations of Transient Stress Field
Authors: Liu Yuhang , Qian Feng , Zhang Haiming 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We delve into the spontaneous rupture propagation on bending faults by numerical simulations based on the boundary integral equation method with unstructured meshes. To study the effect of fault geometry on dynamic rupture propagation, special attention is paid to the role of the dynamic stress field. The numerical results demonstrate that the bending angle is a key geometrical factor influencing the rupture propagation because it affects both the initial stress distribution and the dynamic stress field on the bending branch. The rupture propagation on the bending branch can be separated into two distinct stages: first, the propagation from the main branch to the bending branch, which largely depends on the dynamic stress field near the bend; and second, a subsequent propagation stage primarily influenced by the initial stress state on the bending branch, with the influence of the dynamic stress field decreasing rapidly with distance from the bend. Geometrical smoothing of the bend can be regarded as a modification of the bending angle, which may significantly alter the behavior of rupture propagation near the bend. In theory, if the bending angle ranges between −120° and 60°, there is a potential for rupture to propagate onto the bending branch through the bend.
Pragmatic Analysis in Speech Acts (bahasa ogan) used between Buyers and Wanita Bakul in Batu putih Village
Authors: Shofiyatul Huriyah  , Emilia Contessa  , Nurhasanah  , Henny Yulia  
Published: October 2024

This research aims to discover the types of locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary speech acts used by buyers and Wanita Bakul in Batuputih village. The method used in this research is qualitative with descriptive type. The data collection techniques used are recording techniques and listening and recording techniques. The data source in this research was obtained from buyers and Wanita Bakul in Batuputih village, who engaged in speech act interactions using oganese language in buying and selling transactions. The researchers used proficient free involved listening, recording, and Wanita Bakul note-taking techniques to collect the data required in this research. The results show that the speech acts used in buying and selling interactions in Batuputih village, total number of speech acts was 84, locutionary act 9, illocutionary act 25 and perlocutionary act 29. The perlocutionary act is the most dominant speech act between buyers and Wanita Bakul interactions in Batuputih village.
Early-Stage Femoral Head Hypoperfusion Correlates with Femoral Head Deformity at Intermediate Follow-up in Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Authors: Kang Michael Seungcheol , Zimmerhanzel David , Haider Shamrez , Kwang-Woo Kim Harry 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Perfusion MRI (pMRI) can quantify femoral head hypoperfusion in early-stage Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. We investigated whether the severity of hypoperfusion measured at the early stage correlates with femoral head deformity at intermediate-term follow-up.

Methods:
Sixty-three patients who were 5 to 11 years of age at the diagnosis of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and who had pMRI performed at an early stage (Waldenström Stage 1 to 2a) were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-eight patients were treated nonoperatively and 35 were treated with proximal femoral varus osteotomy (PFVO). The sphericity deviation score (SDS) was used as the primary outcome. Femoral head perfusion and SDS were measured by 2 observers. Models assessing the relationship between hypoperfusion and SDS were fitted without and with stratifications by age at diagnosis and treatment method.

Results:
All 63 patients had a minimum of 4 years of follow-up (mean follow-up, 7.5 ± 2.6 years). All had reached the healed stage (Stage 4), and their mean age was 15.6 ± 2.8 years. The SDS outcome showed a significant positive correlation with the hypoperfusion % (p < 0.001). In the <50% hypoperfusion range, the SDS indicated no-to-low deformity, with narrow variability of outcome. However, the SDS became exponentially worse and had a wider variability of outcome at the ≥50% hypoperfusion range. Multivariable analyses revealed age at diagnosis, hypoperfusion %, and treatment method as significant prognostic factors for SDS (p = 0.007, <0.001, and 0.042, respectively). When treatment outcomes were stratified by age at diagnosis and hypoperfusion %, PFVO showed significantly better SDS outcome than nonoperative treatment in patients with an age at diagnosis of ≥8 years and low (<50%) and intermediate (50% to 80%) hypoperfusion ranges (p = 0.036 and 0.021, respectively).

Conclusions:
Our study found a significant relationship between femoral head hypoperfusion measured in early-stage Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and femoral head deformity at intermediate-term follow-up. This study provides new insight into the relationship between early-stage femoral head hypoperfusion and deformity.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Muscle Compensation Strategies to Maintain Glenohumeral Joint Stability in Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Hoshikawa Kyosuke , Dominguez Manuela , Lawrence Rebekah L. , Jacobs Philip M. , Yuri Takuma , Mura Nariyuki , Giambini Hugo 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Superior translation of the humeral head is often identified in large and massive rotator cuff (RC) tears. However, the ability of the remaining RC muscles to compensate for the forces causing such superior translation in RC tears remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of compensatory forces exerted by the remaining RC muscles on humeral head translation using a progressive RC tear model.

Methods:
Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders (mean donor age, 57 years) were tested using a custom shoulder testing system. In addition to an intact RC model, 3 RC tear models were created: a supraspinatus tear (Tear I); combined supraspinatus and infraspinatus tears (Tear II); and combined tears of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and superior one-third of the subscapularis (Tear III). Compensatory conditions were simulated by increasing the loading of the remaining RC muscles in each RC tear model. Humeral head translation was measured at different abduction and neutral rotation angles in each condition with normal and high deltoid muscle loading.

Results:
Significant superior translation of the humeral head was observed in Tears II and III (but not Tear I), compared with the intact state, under high loading of the deltoid during abduction and during rotation. In Tear II, compensatory conditions involving increased loading of the teres minor and subscapularis muscles effectively reduced superior translation, so that no significant differences were observed compared with the intact state, even under high deltoid muscle loading. However, in Tear III, significant superior translation was still observed, regardless of the compensatory conditions.

Conclusions:
Compensation by the remaining RC muscles, particularly the teres minor and subscapularis, effectively reduced superior translation of the humeral head in the posterosuperior RC tear model, whereas this compensatory strategy was insufficient if tears also involved the superior one-third of the subscapularis.

Clinical Relevance:
Patients with posterosuperior RC tears may find conservative treatment focusing on strengthening the remaining RC muscles, especially the subscapularis and teres minor, to be beneficial. Conversely, patients with repairable massive RC tears also involving the subscapularis tendon may benefit from surgical interventions aimed at primarily repairing the subscapularis tendon to restore the transverse force couple. Massive tears deemed not to be repairable should be evaluated for arthroplasty or other procedures.
Change Point: Machine Assisted Tubing Leak Detection for Electrical Submersible Pumps
Authors: Swarbrick Thomas , Williams Alexander 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper describes a data-driven methodology to identify tubing leaks in oil production wells installed with electrical submersible pumps. Tubing leaks result in fluid recirculation within the well and lead to numerous operational problems. Whilst it is possible for a technician to manually review wells for tubing leaks, this task becomes unmanageable for hundreds of wells. The methodology and workflow presented overcomes this problem by automatically identifying tubing leaks using commonly metered real-time parameters along with daily well test data. Data was collected from several onshore ESP production wells with confirmed tubing leaks. After preprocessing and feature engineering, four machine learning models were built and evaluated using the F1-score metric, as the problem was formulated as a supervised classification problem. In addition, SHAP scores were used to further investigate how classifications were made from the best performing model and ensure conformance with the physical understanding of well performance during a tubing leak. All the machine learning models evaluated performed well, with the best model providing an F1-score of 94.9% on the test data set. SHAP scores confirmed correct relative feature importance which increased confidence in the selected model's predictive ability. This workflow has been made available within ChampionX's suite of digital surveillance and optimization products.
ESP Predictive Analytic Using a Single Application with Machine Learning and Fault Tree Models
Authors: Lasrado V. K 
Published: October 2024

Electrical submersible pumps or ESPs are one of the most important types of artificial lift methods used globally – more than 30% of oil is produced using ESP wells. Considering the importance of ESPs in the industry and the significant savings to operational expenditure from improved performance monitoring and run life maximization there has always been interest in improving surveillance, condition monitoring and failure prediction. Due to the growing number of wells and business need for one production / well surveillance engineer to monitor performance of hundreds of wells, it is important to streamline the process and provide effective tools for efficient analysis.
Knowing well ahead of time when an asset is expected to fail leading to unplanned downtime and assets failing prematurely is extremely important and valuable. Some studies indicate that on average predictive maintenance increases productivity by 25%, reduces breakdowns by 70% and lowers maintenance costs by 25%. The study referenced in the whitepaper [1] provides a summary of condition-based maintenance and predictive maintenance. The goal of predictive maintenance is to run assets as long as possible without interruptions / unplanned downtime and maintain them before an unexpected failure occurs.
This paper uses a combination of analytical methods for ESP Surveillance, detect ESP fault conditions and ultimately improve ESP run life and reliability. The work done in this paper is categorized into Predictive Analytics using Machine Learning (ML) analytics and fault tree analysis techniques. The ML analytics workflow within the application is followed to load, process, and develop a training dataset for the in-built Machine Learning model. Once the trained model has been developed it is evaluated and tested before reviewing the results. The in-built Machine Learning model is called "Moving Mean Principal Component Analysis" and as indicated by the name is a variation of the well-known Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method that has been applied in previous work on ESP pumps and other industrial applications. The fault tree analysis technique applies rule-based logic for detecting ESP conditions e.g. Deadheading. The model processes real-time data and generates events / alerts based on the rule logic configured.
Advanced ESP Monitoring System for Performance and Production Optimization
Authors: Alkhawaher A. , Al Jishi H. , Al-Aseef S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper outlines the design, development, and implementation of an upgraded Variable Speed Drive (VSD) system integrated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP). The upgrade aims to enhance real-time monitoring of reservoir fluid properties, specifically Specific Gravity (SG), to optimize ESP performance and reduce operational costs. Importantly, this system is designed to ensure effective long-term well management, providing a sustainable solution for the industry. After evaluating various machine learning models, the integration of the Random Forest model into the VSD proved superior, signifying a significant shift away from traditional tools and leading to a demonstrated 10% increase in equipment lifespan, thus improving ESP operations and offering a sustainable future for the industry.
Investigation of Backpressure Wave Propagation Properties during Gas Kicks in Managed Pressure Drilling
Authors: Yuan Hongxing , Gao Yonghai , Yin Zhiming , Qi Yaqiang , Yu Xin , Wang Zhiyuan , Zhao Xinxin , Sun Baojiang 
Published: October 2024

Summary
It is often essential to provide backpressure to the wellbore by changing the opening size of the choke valve when a gas kick is detected during managed pressure drilling (MPD), which maintains the pressure in the bottom of the hole. In this study, a mathematical model was developed to explain how backpressure waves spread and weaken in a wellbore during MPD when there is a gas-liquid two-phase flow. The model is founded on a two-phase flow model, which thoroughly accounts for the gravity, shear force, and interphase interactions between the gas and liquid phases. The small perturbation theory was used to compute the backpressure wave’s propagation speed and attenuation coefficient. The outcome showed satisfactory agreement with other scholars’ experimental results. The model was used to study the impacts of the following variables on the backpressure wave propagation properties: void fraction, temperature, pressure, interphase resistance, shear force, density, invading gas composition, displacement of the drilling fluid, rate of intrusion of gas, gas-liquid surface tension, and drilling fluid viscosity. By using an example well, the laws of pressure wave propagation speed, attenuation coefficient, and propagation time with well depth were analyzed. Through evaluative methods in the field of economic management, the principal control variables governing the propagation of backpressure waves were determined. The conclusion is that, in terms of operational feasibility, lower drilling fluid density and reduced drilling fluid displacement are advantageous for a faster propagation of backpressure waves to the bottom of the well.
Poroelastic Effects in Analysis of Pore Pressure and Strain Around a 3D Propagating Hydraulic Fracture
Authors: Gao Qian , Ghassemi Ahmad 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Pore pressure and strain monitoring around a hydraulic fracture are used to monitor its size and propagation behavior, such as length and height growth, for assessing the hydraulic connectivity between injection and production wellbores in unconventional and geothermal reservoirs. Pore pressure monitoring and fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) usually have used an elastic fracture model without considering coupled poroelastic processes. In this study, a 3D hydromechanical model is developed to study poroelastic phenomena in relation to pore pressure and stress distribution caused by hydraulic fracturing. Fractures and the surrounding poroelastic rock are discretized explicitly, and nonlinear mechanical behaviors of hydraulic fractures are determined through a cohesive law. Fluid pressurization of a fracture reveals that the induced total stresses in the surrounding rock remain approximately constant; however, the induced pore pressure gradually increases due to fluid leakoff and the mean stress increase via the Skempton’s pore pressure coefficient. Strain analysis at locations close to the fracture propagation path demonstrates that the diffusion can lead to the generation of tensile strain, in contrast to an elastic model which predicts a compressive strain in the direction perpendicular to the fracture surface. Importantly, we show that at a monitoring point, the strain variation from tension to compression can also occur due to poroelastic coupling rather than the fracture arrival and departure. Tensile strain is distributed around the fracture edge and ahead of it, and in the close vicinity of the fracture surfaces. The pattern of tensile strain distribution is generally consistent with the pore pressure distribution. In addition, numerical results suggest hydraulic fractures tend to propagate toward regions with relatively lower pore pressure, promoting asymmetric growth, which can lead to the well-known fracture-driven interactions.