bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulinoma‐associated protein 1 expression in primary and metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gastrointestinal and pancreaticobiliary tracts
Authors: González Iván , Lu Hsiang‐Chih , Sninsky Jared , Yang Chen , Bishnupuri Kumar , Dieckgraefe Brian , Cao Dengfeng , Chatterjee Deyali 
Published: May 2019

AimsInsulinoma‐associated protein 1 (INSM1) is a transcription factor that is expressed in developing and mature neuroendocrine tissue. Recent studies have shown that INSM1 is a sensitive marker for neuroendocrine tumours. The aims of this study were to evaluate INSM1 expression in primary gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP‐NENs) and in their known metastases, in order to assess its sensitivity as compared with chromogranin‐A (CgA) and synaptophysin (SYN), and to evaluate any change in expression between primary and metastatic disease.Methods and resultsWe identified 30 patients with primary GEP‐NEN. Liver metastatic tissue was available for 26 patients; two patients had two metachronous metastatic foci, yielding a total of 28 metastatic cases. An additional two and seven non‐paired cases of primary and metastatic grade 3 GEP‐NEN, respectively, were included. To assess specificity, we evaluated the expression of these markers in other primary tumours (colorectal adenocarcinoma, acinar cell carcinoma, solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, cholangiocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma) and metastatic tumours in the liver (adrenal cortical, breast and prostate carcinomas) that may present as differential diagnoses. In our cohort, all of the primary GEP‐NENs and 94% of the metastatic GEP‐NENs expressed INSM1. INSM1 showed similar sensitivity to SYN and higher sensitivity than CgA in both primary and metastatic neoplasms. INSM1 has comparable specificity to CgA, and higher specificity than SYN.ConclusionsThe nuclear reactivity and the high sensitivity and specificity of INSM1 make it a preferred neuroendocrine marker. In conclusion, INSM1 can be used as a single first‐line marker for primary and metastatic GEP‐NEN.
On the association between oral piercings and periodontal conditions—A case series
Authors: Schmidt Julia Caroline , Calderaro Salvatore , Weiger Roland , Walter Clemens 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between oral piercings and periodontal health or inflammation in patients seeking treatment at the University of Basel, Switzerland.Material and methodsRecords of patients from the pool of patients at the Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology were consecutively screened between November 2016 and January 2017. Eighteen patients with a tongue and/or a lip piercing were included. Three out of 18 patients wore both piercings, that is 14 tongue piercings and seven lip piercings were assessed. Epidemiologic, socio‐economic, piercing characteristics and clinical parameters were recorded. Periodontal findings in teeth close to the piercing were compared to the parameters of the total dentition.ResultsIn patients with a tongue piercing (n = 14), percentages of sites with bleeding on probing, probing pocket depths ≥6 mm, clinical attachment loss ≥6 mm and gingival recessions ≥2 mm were more frequently increased in teeth close to the piercing compared to teeth not affected by the piercing. In patients with a lip piercing (n = 7), periodontal findings did not differ markedly in teeth close to the piercing compared to teeth not affected by the piercing.ConclusionsTongue piercings may negatively affect periodontal conditions of teeth with close proximity to the piercing.
Validation of the effectiveness of the Dental Practicality Index in predicting the outcome of root canal retreatments
Authors: Tifooni A. , Al‐Nuaimi N. , Dawood A. , Mannocci F. , Patel S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the effectiveness of the Dental Practicality Index (DPI) in predicting the outcome of root canal retreatment in posterior teeth.MethodologyOne hundred and thirty‐seven posterior teeth with symptoms and/or signs of post‐treatment endodontic disease requiring root canal retreatment and previously included in a clinical trial were selected. Clinical and radiographic examinations including digital periapical and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were obtained pre‐treatment and 1‐year postoperatively from a previous study. Two calibrated and trained assessors who were unaware of the treatment outcome assessed the pre‐treatment clinical records of these cases using the DPI. The DPI score was then compared to the outcome of the root canal retreatment. A Chi‐square/Fisher’s exact test was used to establish a relationship between categorical variables, the total score of DPI vs outcome.ResultsRetreated teeth with DPI scores equal to 6 or above had an unfavourable outcome of 50% vs 14% of teeth with DPI below 6. Teeth with DPI score equal to 3 or above had an unfavourable outcome of 23% versus 2%, for teeth below 3. Molar teeth with a DPI score below 3 had a favourable outcome percentage of 96%.ConclusionsThis study highlighted that using the DPI gave a good outcome prediction for root canal retreatments. However, further research, including the prospective assessment of a wider range of cases undertaken by a larger group of examiners is needed to further validate the DPI.
Biallelic mutations in the LPAR6 gene causing autosomal recessive wooly hair/hypotrichosis phenotype in five Pakistani families
Authors: Khan Ghulam M. , Hassan Noor , Khan Niamatullah , Humayun Muhammad , Khan Kafaitullah , Khaliq Samira , Rehman Fazal U. , Ahmed Sheikh , Shah Khadim , Khan Sher A. , Muhammad Noor , Wali Abdul , Khan Saadullah , Basit Sulman , Ayub Muhammad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAutosomal recessive wooly hair/hypotrichosis is an inherited disorder of hair characterized by less dense, short, and tightly curled hair on the scalp and sometimes less dense to complete absence of eyebrows and eyelashes. Autosomal recessive wooly hair/hypotrichosis phenotypes are mostly associated with pathogenic sequence variants in LIPH and LPAR6 genes.MethodsTo find out the molecular basis of the disease, five families with autosomal recessive wooly hair/hypotrichosis were recruited for genetic analysis. Direct Sanger sequencing of LIPH and LPAR6 genes was carried out using BigDye chain termination chemistry. P2RY5 protein homology models were developed to study the effect of mutation on protein structure in a family having novel mutation.ResultsSanger sequencing revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation (c.47A>T) in the LPAR6 gene in family A, while recurrent mutation (c.436G>A) was detected in the rest of the four families (B‐E). Protein homology models for both native and mutant P2RY5 protein were developed to study the difference in subtle structural features because of Lys16Met (K16M) mutation. We observed that P2RY5K16M mutation results decrease in the number of ionic interactions detrimental to the protein stability. Protein modeling studies revealed that the novel mutation identified here decreased the number of ionic interactions by affecting physicochemical parameters of the protein, leading to an overall decrease in protein stability with no major secondary structural changes.ConclusionThe molecular analysis further confirms the frequent involvement of LPAR6 in autosomal recessive wooly hair/hypotrichosis, while the bioinformatic study revealed that the missense mutation destabilizes the overall structure of P2RY5 protein.
Predicting properties of MgO·nAl2O3 by first‐principles calculation combined with bond valence models
Authors: Ren Lu , Wang Hao , Tu Bingtian , Zong Xiao , Wang Weimin , Fu Zhengyi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSpinel‐type oxides have attracted tremendous attentions owing to their wide applications. However, the complicated composition and structure of spinel‐type solid solution brought about challenge to explore the relationship among composition, structure, and properties. A new approach which combined first‐principles calculation with bond valence models was developed to explore the composition dependence of structure and properties for spinel‐type oxide solid solution. The first‐principles calculation was used to simulate the structural parameters of spinel‐type oxide solid solution. The mechanical and thermal properties of Mg1‐xAl2(1+x/3)O4 spinel‐type solid solution were estimated by bond valence models based on the structure which was reconstructed from the structural parameters determined by the first‐principles calculation. Besides, bond valence arguments were also used to assess the reliability of reconstructed structure. The results suggest that the extremely overbonded or underbonded atoms can be avoided in the reconstructed structure, which improves the stability of reconstructed structure. By comparing the results with experimental values, it can be seen that mechanical and thermal properties could be simulated exactly by the new approach and bulk modulus was used as an example to explore the relationship among composition, structure, and properties of Mg1‐xAl2(1+x/3)O4.
Effect of UV-C light or hydrogen peroxide wipes on the inactivation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile spores and norovirus surrogate
Authors: Wallace R.L. , Ouellette M. , Jean J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Aims
The current study aimed to assess the potential of a new high dose ultraviolet (UV) disinfection device to inactivate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Clostridium difficile and a norovirus surrogate on handheld mobile devices, and to compare the efficacy of the UV-C device to hydrogen peroxide disinfection wipes.

Methods and Results
Suspensions of MRSA, C. difficile spores and a surrogate for norovirus (MS2) were inoculated onto glass or plastic coupons, with or without organic contamination and were exposed to continuous UV-C light for 15–60 s (165–646 mJ cm−2) in a self-contained UV-C chamber or treated with hydrogen peroxide wipes. Increasing the UV-C dose from 310 to 650 mJ cm−2 did not result in greater levels of inactivation. UV-C light inactivated all three micro-organisms, in the absence of organic contamination, by &gt;2·9 log. Treatment of MRSA, C. difficile spores or MS2, in the presence of organic contamination, with UV-C light (310–646 mJ cm−2) resulted in 2·3–3·7 log reductions. Treatment of MRSA with UV-C light provided levels of inactivation comparable to treatment with hydrogen peroxide wipes used following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Conclusions
UV-C light and hydrogen peroxide wipes had strong antimicrobial activity against MRSA, C. difficile spores and a norovirus surrogate, in the presence or absence of organic contamination.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Chemical disinfection wipes are widely used in healthcare facilities, but they are not recommended for use on handheld mobile devices which may harbour pathogenic micro-organisms. The powerful bactericidal, sporicidal and virucidal activity of this high dose UV-C light device, shows that this technology is a promising alternative to chemical disinfectants, particularly for control of MRSA.
Multi‐variable approach pinpoints origin of oak wood with higher precision
Authors: Akhmetzyanov Linar , Buras Allan , Sass‐Klaassen Ute , den Ouden Jan , Mohren Frits , Groenendijk Peter , García‐González Ignacio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimSpatial variations of environmental conditions translate into biogeographical patterns of tree growth. This fact is used to identify the origin of timber by means of dendroprovenancing. Yet, dendroprovenancing attempts are commonly only based on ring‐width measurements, and largely neglect additional tree–ring variables. We explore the potential of using wood anatomy as a dendroprovenancing tool, and investigate whether it increases the precision of identifying the origin of oak wood. Since different tree–ring variables hold different information on environmental conditions prevailing at specific times of the growing season—which vary between source regions—we hypothesize that their inclusion allows more precise dendroprovenancing.LocationEurope, Spain.TaxonQuercus robur L., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Quercus faginea Lam., Quercus pyrenaica Willd.MethodsWe sampled four oak species across Northern Spain, i.e. from the Basque country and Cantabria and—in the Basque country—from low to high elevation (topographic/latitudinal gradient). We measured multiple tree–ring variables to (a) extract complementary variables; (b) present statistical relations among them; (c) analyse region‐specific variation in their patterns based on time–series of individual trees; and (d) determine underlying climate–growth relationships. Leave‐one‐out analysis was used to test whether a combination of selected variables allowed dendroprovenancing of a randomly selected tree within the area.ResultsA combination of latewood width (LW) and earlywood vessel size was used to pinpoint the origin of oak wood with higher precision than ring width or LW only. Variation in LW pinpointed the wood to east and west areas, whereas variation in vessels assigned wood to locations along a latitudinal/topographic gradient. The climatic triggers behind these gradients are respectively an east–west gradient in June–July temperature and a north–south gradient in winter/spring temperatures. The leave‐one‐out analyses supported the robustness of these results.Main conclusionsIntegration of multiple wood–xylem anatomical variables analysed with multivariate techniques leads to higher precision in the dendroprovenancing of ring‐porous oak species.
Zoogeographic patterns of pelagic oceanic cephalopods along the eastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Ibáñez Christian M. , Braid Heather E. , Carrasco Sergio A. , López‐Córdova David A. , Torretti Gabriela , Camus Patricio A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo analyse the diversity and distribution of oceanic pelagic cephalopods along the eastern Pacific Ocean assessing the existence of biogeographic structuring, and the role of physical variables in generating geographical patterns. We hypothesized that the control by environmental factors, and the effect of geometric constraints, determine the range size and limits of distribution of oceanic cephalopods along the eastern Pacific Ocean, generating a latitudinal gradient in species richness.LocationEastern Pacific Ocean (60°N – 60°S), from the Gulf of Alaska to the Southern Ocean.MethodsBased on a literature review and >5,000 records obtained from collections, we constructed a presence–absence matrix including 61 latitudinal bands (2° each) along the Eastern Pacific, and estimated species richness and range endpoints at each band. Biogeographic units were determined by means of multivariate analyses. Species richness was compared with null model predictions in order to test for the existence of geometric constraints using the Mid‐Domain Null model. The effects on species richness of environmental variables (temperature, salinity and oxygen) were evaluated separately for surface and depth (0–1,000 m) data, by means of ordinary least squares regression and simultaneous autoregressive models. Rapoport's pattern was assessed by applying the Stevens’ method and the range midpoint method.ResultsSpecies richness was high across the tropics and decreased towards the both poles. We identified five biogeographic units, highlighting two major distribution breaks at 40°N and 42°S. Species richness was strongly related with environmental variables, although the combined variables accounted for a large fraction of the variance between 0 and 1,000 m (R2 = 0.99), while temperature was the best single predictor at the surface (R2 = 0.98). Species richness curves showed a mid‐domain effect (MDE), and the mean latitudinal range was higher in the tropics and at warm latitudes, generating an inverse Rapoport's pattern.Main conclusionsAlong the eastern Pacific Ocean oceanic cephalopods exhibit both a clear biogeographic patterning and an interhemispheric (poleward decreasing) diversity gradient, which appear strongly related with physical factors and external forcing, as well as with a MDE as a seemingly consequence of the naturally bounded domain of the Eastern Pacific.
Selective outcome reporting in randomized clinical trials of dental implants
Authors: Sendyk Daniel Isaac , Rovai Emanuel Silva , Souza Nathalia Vilela , Deboni Maria Cristina Zindel , Pannuti Claudio Mendes 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimSelective outcome reporting (SOR) is a type of bias that occurs when the primary outcome of a trial protocol is changed or omitted in the paper. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of SOR in publications of randomized clinical trials (RCT) concerning dental implants.Materials and MethodsTwo reviewers independently screened protocols registered at ClinicalTrials.gov until February/2019. If the protocol met the eligibility criteria, the reviewers tried to identify the corresponding publication. Data extraction was carried out by the same reviewers. Primary and secondary outcomes were recorded for each trial and compared to outcomes previously described in protocols.ResultsA total of 49 protocols were included. SOR was identified in 27 (55.1%) trials. The major discrepancies were as follows: protocol‐defined primary outcome omitted in the publication (n = 6, 12.2%), new primary outcome introduced (n = 8, 16.3%), discrepancy in the primary outcome time frame (n = 17, 34.7%) and new secondary outcome introduced (n = 31, 63.3%). SOR was significantly associated with industry funding (p = 0.04) and timing of registration (p = 0.04).ConclusionsOur results indicate a high rate of SOR in dental implants clinical trials. Use of registry data during the peer‐review process may help decreasing SOR.
Interventions for peri‐implantitis and their effects on further bone loss: A retrospective analysis of a registry‐based cohort
Authors: Karlsson Karolina , Derks Jan , Håkansson Jan , Wennström Jan L. , Petzold Max , Berglundh Tord 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to assess interventions and their consequences with regard to further bone loss at sites diagnosed with peri‐implantitis.Materials and MethodsIn 2017, records of 70 patients diagnosed with moderate/severe peri‐implantitis at ≥1 implant sites 4 years earlier were obtained. Changes of marginal bone levels during the study period assessed on radiographs and predictors of disease progression were identified by Cox regression and mixed linear modelling. Patient files were analysed for professional interventions related to the treatment of peri‐implantitis.ResultsMean bone loss (±SD) at implants diagnosed with moderate/severe peri‐implantitis was 1.1 ± 2.0 mm over the observation period of 3.3 years. While non‐surgical measures including submucosal and/or supra‐mucosal cleaning of implants were provided to almost all patients, surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis was limited to a subgroup (17 subjects). Surgically treated implant sites demonstrated a mean bone loss of 1.4 ± 2.4 mm prior to surgical intervention, while only minor changes (0.2 ± 1.0 mm) occurred after therapy. Clinical parameters (bleeding/suppuration on probing and probing depth) assessed at diagnosis were statistically significant predictors of disease progression.ConclusionsNon‐surgical procedures were insufficient to prevent further bone loss at implant sites affected by moderate/severe peri‐implantitis. Surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis markedly diminished the progression of bone loss. Clinical assessments of bleeding on probing and probing depth at diagnosis predicted further bone loss.
UV light set‐ups for vitiligo photography, a comparative study on image quality and ease of use
Authors: Uitentuis S.E. , Bekkenk M.W. , van Geel N. , de Rie M.A. , Wolkerstorfer A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundUltraviolet (UV) light is an essential tool to assess the extent, spreading and staging of vitiligo. Different UV light set‐ups are used for vitiligo photography, including the following: (i) hand‐held Wood’s lamps; (ii) soft boxes with UV lamps; (iii) UV flash attached to the camera; and (iv) high output UV flash.ObjectiveOur objective was to compare UV light set‐ups for vitiligo photography regarding image quality and ease of use.MethodsPatients with vitiligo lesions with unclear borders were included. Two images were made with all four UV set‐ups per patient, for a large and a small area. Image quality was scored separately by three blinded vitiligo experts on five criteria: overall quality, clearness of borders, contrast and sharpness and for larger areas the shadows. The two professional medical photographers were asked to score the ease of use for each set‐up.ResultsA total of 88 photos were assessed from 11 patients. For larger areas, the frequency of a ‘good’ or ‘very good’ overall quality rating was 12.1% (Wood’s), 6.1% (soft boxes), 15.2% (camera flash) and 78.8% (high output flash). For smaller areas, the score ‘good’ or ‘very good’ was given to 54.5%, 3%, 66.6% and 84.8% in the same order. For the shadow criteria, each set‐up scored below 40% on a 'good' or 'very good' score. The high output flash was scored as most easy to use by the photographers.ConclusionWhen comparing four different UV light set‐ups for vitiligo photography, we concluded that the UV set‐ups strongly influenced the quality scores of the obtained images. The high output flash scored best for both small and large areas and for ease of use. For small areas, Wood’s lamp and camera flash were acceptable. All set‐ups scored badly for shadows, and more research is needed to find the optimal exposure to avoid shadows.
Use of dose–exposure–response relationships in Phase 2 and Phase 3 guselkumab studies to optimize dose selection in psoriasis
Authors: Lebwohl M. , Langley R.G. , Zhu Y. , Zhou H. , Song M. , Shen Y.K. , Parnell Lafferty K. , Reich K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundGuselkumab is an anti‐interleukin‐23 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between dose–response and exposure–response of guselkumab in Phase 2 and Phase 3 studies to optimize dose selection.MethodsSerum guselkumab concentrations in Phase 2 and Phase 3 studies (VOYAGE 1 and VOYAGE 2) were measured using a validated immunoassay. Efficacy assessments included Physician's Global Assessment (PGA), Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI).ResultsIn Phase 2, a positive dose–response relationship was observed for PASI and PGA (5‐mg through 100‐mg dose regimens). Exposure–response analysis showed that patients with steady‐state trough serum guselkumab concentrations ≥0.67 μg/mL achieved the highest levels of efficacy (PGA 0/1: 90.0%; PGA 0: 70.0%). The guselkumab 100‐mg every 8‐week (q8w) dose regimen, safe and well‐tolerated in Phase 2, provided the highest serum guselkumab concentrations among all regimens studied and was selected for Phase 3. In Phase 3, 72.5% of patients achieved guselkumab concentrations ≥0.67 μg/mL at week 28, the level associated with the highest clinical responses in Phase 2, with patients achieving response rates of IGA 0/1: 91.2%, IGA 0: 55.3%, PASI 90: 83.8% and PASI 100: 49.1% at week 28.ConclusionThe 100‐mg guselkumab q8w dose regimen, based on the dose–exposure–response relationship from the Phase 2 study, produced the target serum concentration associated with high‐level efficacy in the majority of patients in Phase 3. Phase 3 data further confirmed that guselkumab 100mg q8w is the optimum dosing regimen for treating patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis.