bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of blown film linear low‐density polyethylene–clay nanocomposites: Part A: Manufacturing process and morphology
Authors: Said Melissa , Seif Sylvain , Challita Georges 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)/clay nanocomposites with different clay contents were prepared by melt intercalation using two different compatibilizers: maleic anhydride grafted styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PE‐g‐MA). Melt intercalation was achieved by twin extrusion and nanocomposite films were produced by blown film extrusion. Effects of clay and compatibilizer fractions and type of compatibilizer on the structure, permeability, and the barrier properties of the nanocomposite films were investigated. PE‐g‐MA was shown to notably improve the dispersion of clay layers in the polyethylene matrix, and this was examined by atomic force microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The latter tests have also highlighted the importance of the screw configuration: the presence of mixing elements favors the dispersion and distribution of nanoclay. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry results have shown no significant effect of the clay on the crystallinity of the composite while thermogravimetric analysis tests have demonstrated a decrease of onset and peak of decomposition temperatures. Finally, barrier properties toward water vapor transmission were measured. It was proven that not also clay, but the compatibilizer participated in decreasing the permeability of the film. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48589.
Compartmentalization within Nanofibers of Double‐Decker Phthalocyanine Induces High‐Performance Sensing in both Aqueous Solution and the Gas Phase
Authors: Jiang Yuying , Wang Chiming , Lu Guang , Zhao Luyang , Gong Lei , Wang Tianyu , Qi Dongdong , Chen Yanli , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe functionalization of natural 1D architectures is dependent on hierarchically inner nanostructures. However, the artificial supramolecular nanofibers or nanotubes were rarely developed with complex inner structures. Inspired by a biomimetic strategy, single‐molecule‐diameter nanofibers of double‐decker phthalocyanine (EuPc2) with compartmentalized internal space and fantastic electrochemical features were developed upon air/water interfacial assembly with poly‐l‐lysine. EuPc2/poly‐l‐lysine nanofibers can be electrochemical sensors both in water and the gas phase and have the best analytical performances for nitrite among all the porphyrins or phthalocyanines monomers and assemblies. Imbedding nitrite in compartments not only promotes the sensing but also changes the supramolecular chirality of nanofibers, and the morphological‐dependent sensing properties of EuPc2 assemblies in water are different from that in the gas phase. These results suggest the unprecedented properties for diverse applications of artificial 1D architectures containing complex inner nanostructures.
Detection and Characterization of a Novel Copper‐Dependent Intermediate in a Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase
Authors: Singh Raushan K. , Blossom Benedikt M. , Russo David A. , Singh Ranjitha , Weihe Høgni , Andersen Niels H. , Tiwari Manish K. , Jensen Poul E. , Felby Claus , Bjerrum Morten J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper‐containing enzymes capable of oxidizing crystalline cellulose which have large practical application in the process of refining biomass. The catalytic mechanism of LPMOs still remains debated despite several proposed reaction mechanisms. Here, we report a long‐lived intermediate (t1/2=6–8 minutes) observed in an LPMO from Thermoascus aurantiacus (TaLPMO9A). The intermediate with a strong absorption around 420 nm is formed when reduced LPMO‐CuI reacts with sub‐equimolar amounts of H2O2. UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, resonance Raman and stopped‐flow spectroscopy suggest that the observed long‐lived intermediate involves the copper center and a nearby tyrosine (Tyr175). Additionally, activity assays in the presence of sub‐equimolar amounts of H2O2 showed an increase in the LPMO oxidation of phosphoric acid swollen cellulose. Accordingly, this suggests that the long‐lived copper‐dependent intermediate could be part of the catalytic mechanism for LPMOs. The observed intermediate offers a new perspective into the oxidative reaction mechanism of TaLPMO9A and hence for the biomass oxidation and the reactivity of copper in biological systems.
Constricted spatiotemporal foraging of the regenerating salamander, Bolitoglossa mombachoensis
Authors: Mendieta Donaire Roger A. , Zolotoff Pallais Jose M. , Chung Ji Suk , Cobos Rizo Maria A. , De los Santos Rosales Marcelo , Jun Lee Jiehong , Sandino Jaen Roberto M. , Ketelhohn Clancy Elinor M. , Casco‐Robles Martin M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBolitoglossa mombachoensis is an endemic neotropical salamander of the Mombacho Volcano, Nicaragua. Canopy communities within the tropics are hubs for biodiversity, and many tropical plethodontids have a foraging preference for epiphytic plants, such as bromeliads, which provide moist microclimates for shelter, foraging, and nesting. Habitat loss continues to be the biggest threat to amphibians worldwide. This species is highly dependent on nocturnal arboreal climbing. We describe their plant preference, which extends beyond bromeliads, and their arboreal dependence used for refuge and foraging. Foraging behavior is constricted to nighttime, plant availability, geography, and altitude.
Discrimination and Provenances of Phoenician Red Slip Ware Using both the Solid State Electrochemistry and Petrographic Analyses
Authors: Fabrizi Lucilla , Nigro Lorenzo , Cappella Federico , Spagnoli Federica , Guirguis Michele , Niveau de Villedary y Mariñas Ana Maria , Doménech‐Carbó María Teresa , De Vito Caterina , Doménech‐Carbó Antonio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSolid state electrochemistry based on the voltammetry of immobilized microparticles (VIMP) methodology is applied to a series of 80 Phoenician Red Slip samples from the archaeological sites of Motya (Sicily, Italy), Mogador (Morocco), Ramat‐Rahel (Israel), Sulky (Sardinia, Italy), Tas Silg (Malta), Pantelleria (Italy), and Cádiz (Spain), dated from the 8th to the 6th century BC. Upon attachment of sub‐microsamples to graphite electrodes in contact with aqueous H2SO4 electrolyte, voltammetric features due to the reduction of Fe(III) minerals and the oxidation of Fe(II) ones, complemented with electrocatalytic effects on oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions, provide characteristic electrochemical fingerprints for pottery samples. A consistent sample grouping discriminating between different potteries from different archaelogical sites, is obtained, all results being consistent with morphological, compositional and mineralogical data. Petrographic analysis supports the grouping, defining the manufacture and firing procedure for the different archaeological context.
Flow toxicity of high‐frequency trading and its impact on price volatility: Evidence from the KOSPI 200 futures market
Authors: Kang Jangkoo , Kwon Kyung Yoon , Kim Wooyeon 
Published: October 2019

AbstrastWe examine the relation between high‐frequency trading, flow toxicity, and short‐term volatility during both normal and stressful periods. Using transaction data for the Korea Composite Stock Price Index 200 (KOSPI 200) futures, we find the Volume‐Synchronized Probability of Informed Trading (VPIN) useful in measuring flow toxicity as it predicts short‐term volatility effectively. We further show that high‐frequency trading is negatively related to VPIN and short‐term volatility during normal times but has a positive association during stressful periods. Finally, we advocate the use of bulk‐volume classification (BVC) by presenting evidence that the initiator identified by BVC trades at more favorable prices than the true trade initiator.
Skill and uncertainty in surface wind fields from general circulation models: Intercomparison of bias between AGCM, AOGCM and ESM global simulations
Authors: Morim Joao , Hemer Mark , Andutta Fernando , Shimura Tomoya , Cartwright Nick 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the reliability of global climate models (GCMs) to reproduce the historical surface wind fields is integral part of building robust projections of surface wind‐climate, and other wind‐dependent geophysical climatic variables. Understanding the skill of atmosphere‐only models (AGCM), coupled atmosphere–ocean models (AOGCM) and fully coupled earth system models (ESM) is likewise paramount to assess any systematic model improvements. In this paper, we systematically assess whether surface wind fields obtained from 28 CMIP5 GCMs can represent large‐scale spatial patterns and temporal variability of historical surface winds. We show that inter‐model uncertainty is typically 2–4 times larger than the uncertainty associated with GCM internal variability, although the latter can be significant within specific regions. We also find that CMIP5 models are typically capable of reliably reproducing large‐scale spatial patterns of historical near‐surface winds, but considerable uncertainty lies within the CMIP5 ensemble with strong latitudinal dependence. CMIP5 models show limitations in their ability to reliably represent inter‐annual and inter‐seasonal variability particularly within tropical‐cyclone‐affected regions. In further analysis, we quantify and intercompare historical wind bias from different types of models with different dynamical cores, based on multiple CMIP5 diagnostic experiments. We find that bias in surface wind fields are largely intrinsic to the atmospheric components of the models, and that the inclusion of carbon‐cycle dynamics has insignificant effect on simulated surface winds (at decadal time‐scales). Inconsistencies between AGCM and AOGCM simulations are largely driven by errors in sea surface temperatures (SST); though such differences are not statistically significant relative to the inter‐model uncertainty within the CMIP5 ensemble. These results show that the dominant source of bias in simulated wind fields lies in the underlying physics of the atmospheric component of the models.
A nomogram to predict node positivity in patients with thin melanomas helps inform shared patient decision making
Authors: Friedman Chloe , Lyon Madison , Torphy Robert J. , Thieu Daniel , Hosokawa Patrick , Gonzalez Rene , Lewis Karl D. , Medina Theresa M. , Rioth Matthew J. , Robinson William A. , Kounalakis Nicole , McCarter Martin D. , Gleisner Ana L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a nomogram to estimate the probability of positive sentinel lymph node (+SLN) for patients with thin melanoma and to characterize its potential impact on sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) rates.MethodsPatients diagnosed with thin (0.5–1.0 mm) melanoma were identified from the National Cancer Database 2012 to 2015. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine factors associated with +SLN, and a nomogram to predict +SLN was constructed. Nomogram performance was evaluated and diagnostic test statistics were calculated.ResultsOf the 21 971 patients included 10 108 (46.0%) underwent SLNB, with a 4.0% +SLN rate. On multivariable analysis, age, Breslow thickness, lymphovascular invasion, ulceration, and Clark level were significantly associated with SLN status. The area under the receiver operating curve was 0.67 (95% confidence interval, 0.65‐0.70). While 15 249 (69.4%) patients had either T1b tumors or T1a tumors with at least one adverse feature, only 2846 (13.0%) had a nomogram predicted probability of a +SLN ≥5%. Using this cut‐off, the indication for a SLNB in these patients would be reduced by 81.3% as compared to the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition staging criteria.ConclusionsThe risk predictions obtained from the nomogram allow for more accurate selection of patients who could benefit from SLNB.
Non–lung cancer specific mortality after lobectomy or sublobectomy in patients with stage IA non–small cell lung cancer ≤2 cm: A propensity score analysis
Authors: Yin Jiacheng , Zhao Mengnan , Lu Tao , Huang Yiwei , Sui Qihai , Xi Junjie , Lin Zongwu , Xu Songtao , Wang Qun , Zhan Cheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo investigate non‐lung cancer specific mortality between stage IA non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors less than and equal to 2 cm treated with lobectomy and sublobectomy.MethodsSurveillance, epidemiology, and end results database was queried for patients who underwent lobectomy and sublobectomy. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to achieve balance in clinicopathological characteristics. We used Fine‐and‐Gray hazard functions to analyze cause‐specific mortality and risk factors. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated to describe cause specific mortality relative to the general population.ResultsAfter PSM, 3,844 patients underwent lobectomy and 1,922 patients underwent sublobectomy. Three leading causes of non–lung cancer mortality were cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), and other cancers. The 5‐year cumulative non‐lung cancer mortality of lobectomy and sublobectomy groups were 11.4% and 14.0%, respectively (P = .090). Multivariate analyses revealed that age, sex, histology, tumor size, and marital status (P < .01) were independent predictors of non–lung cancer specific mortality. In both groups, risks of CVD specific mortality were comparable to that in the general population, whereas the risk of COPD specific mortality was higher relative to the general population.ConclusionsAs a significant competing event, non–lung cancer specific mortality is comparable between stage IA NSCLC tumors less than equal to 2 cm treated with lobectomy and sublobectomy.
Adequate nephroprotection reduces renal complications after hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy
Authors: Markowiak Till , Kerner Nadine , Neu Reiner , Potzger Tobias , Großer Christian , Zeman Florian , Hofmann Hans‐Stefan , Ried Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy (HITOC) is used for the treatment of malignant pleural tumors. Although HITOC proved to be safe, postoperative renal failure due to nephrotoxicity of intrapleural cisplatin remains a concern.MethodsThis single‐center study was performed retrospectively in patients who underwent pleural tumor resection and HITOC between September 2008 and December 2018.ResultsA total of 84 patients (female n = 33; 39.3%) with malignant pleural tumors underwent surgical cytoreduction with subsequent HITOC (60 minutes; 42°C). During the study period, we gradually increased the dosage of cisplatin (100–150 mg/m2 BSA n = 36; 175 mg/m2 BSA n = 2) and finally added doxorubicin (cisplatin 175 mg/m2 BSA/doxorubicin 65 mg; n = 46). All patients had perioperative fluid balancing. The last 54 (64.3%) patients also received perioperative cytoprotection. Overall 29 patients (34.5%) experienced renal insufficiency. Despite higher cisplatin concentrations, patients with cytoprotection showed significantly lower postoperative serum creatinine levels after 1 week (P = .006) and at discharge (P = .020). Also, they showed less intermediate and severe renal insufficiencies (5.6% vs 13.3%).ConclusionsAdequate perioperative fluid management and cytoprotection seem to be effective in protecting renal function. This allows the administration of higher intracavitary cisplatin doses without raising the rate of renal insufficiencies.
Outcomes in children with down syndrome and mild obstructive sleep apnea treated non‐surgically
Authors: Howard Javier J.M. , Sarber Kathleen M. , Yu Wenwen , Smith David F. , Tikhtman Raisa O. , Simakajornboon Narong , Ishman Stacey L. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesNasal steroids, oral anti‐leukotrienes and supplemental oxygen are effective in the treatment of mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in otherwise healthy children. However, their efficacy is unknown in children with Down syndrome (DS). Here we examine the effect of single medication therapy versus observation versus oxygen on polysomnographic outcomes in these children.MethodsWe reviewed children (<18 years) diagnosed with DS and mild OSA (obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index [oAHI] ≥1 to <5 events/hour) treated non‐surgically (with supplemental oxygen, one medication, or observation) between 2012 and 2017. Demographic data, comorbid diagnoses, and pre‐ and posttreatment polysomnograms were analyzed. We assessed pre‐ and posttreatment oAHI, oxyhemoglobin saturation nadir, percent total sleep time (%TST) in rapid eye movement (REM), and end‐tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) >50 mmHg.ResultsTwenty‐four children met inclusion criteria; 10 treated with medication, one with oxygen, and 13 with observation (baseline oAHI was 3.5, 3.3, and 2.9 events/hour, respectively). There was no significant change in oAHI, oxyhemoglobin saturation nadir, ETCO2, or percent TST in REM after treatment for any treatment group (P = .21–.94). There was no association between reported symptoms and AHI severity or change in AHI. OSA resolved in one patient treated with observation and two treated with medication, but worsened in two each in the medication and observation groups. Resolution of OSA occurred in 20% treated with medication, 7.7% with observation, and 0% with oxygen (P = .82).ConclusionIn our cohort, resolution of mild OSA was low. This suggests that consideration should be given to multimodality treatments in children with DS and mild OSA. Prospective studies will help establish effectiveness in this cohort.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:1828–1835, 2020
Precise measurement of coronary stenosis diameter with CCTA using CT number calibration
Authors: Chen Zhennong , Contijoch Francisco , Schluchter Andrew , Grady Leo , Schaap Michiel , Stayman Web , Pack Jed , McVeigh Elliot 
Published: October 2019

PurposeCoronary x‐ray computed tomography angiography (CCTA) continues to develop as a noninvasive method for the assessment of coronary vessel geometry and the identification of physiologically significant lesions. The uncertainty of quantitative lesion diameter measurement due to limited spatial resolution and vessel motion reduces the accuracy of CCTA diagnoses. In this paper, we introduce a new technique called computed tomography (CT)‐number‐Calibrated Diameter to improve the accuracy of the vessel and stenosis diameter measurements with CCTA.MethodsA calibration phantom containing cylindrical holes (diameters spanning from 0.8 mm through 4.0 mm) capturing the range of diameters found in human coronary vessels was three‐dimensional printed. We also printed a human stenosis phantom with 17 tubular channels having the geometry of lesions derived from patient data. We acquired CT scans of the two phantoms with seven different imaging protocols. Calibration curves relating vessel intraluminal maximum voxel value (maximum CT number of a voxel, described in Hounsfield Units, HU) to true diameter, and full‐width‐at‐half maximum (FWHM) to true diameter were constructed for each CCTA protocol. In addition, we acquired scans with a small constant motion (15 mm/s) and used a motion correction reconstruction (Snapshot Freeze) algorithm to correct motion artifacts. We applied our technique to measure the lesion diameter in the 17 lesions in the stenosis phantom and compared the performance of CT‐number‐Calibrated Diameter to the ground truth diameter and a FWHM estimate.ResultsIn all cases, vessel intraluminal maximum voxel value vs diameter was found to have a simple functional form based on the two‐dimensional point spread function yielding a constant maximum voxel value region above a cutoff diameter, and a decreasing maximum voxel value vs decreasing diameter below a cutoff diameter. After normalization, focal spot size and reconstruction kernel were the principal determinants of cutoff diameter and the rate of maximum voxel value reduction vs decreasing diameter. The small constant motion had a significant effect on the CT number calibration; however, the motion‐correction algorithm returned the maximum voxel value vs diameter curve to that of stationary vessels. The CT number Calibration technique showed better performance than FWHM estimation of diameter, yielding a high accuracy in the tested range (0.8 mm through 2.5 mm). We found a strong linear correlation between the smallest diameter in each of 17 lesions measured by CT‐number‐Calibrated Diameter (DC) and ground truth diameter (Dgt), (DC = 0.951 × Dgt + 0.023 mm, r = 0.998 with a slope very close to 1.0 and intercept very close to 0 mm.ConclusionsComputed tomography‐number‐Calibrated Diameter is an effective method to enhance the accuracy of the estimate of small vessel diameters and degree of coronary stenosis in CCTA.
Associations of Weight Bias with Disordered Eating Among Latino and White Men
Authors: Lydecker Janet A. , Cotter Elizabeth , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveThis study examined associations of different aspects of weight bias, which can include negative attitudes toward and beliefs about obesity, with eating/weight‐related psychopathology.MethodsParticipants (N = 544) were White (n = 376) and Latino (n = 168) men living in the United States who completed an online battery of established measures of weight bias (both attitudes toward and beliefs about obesity) and eating/weight‐related psychopathology.ResultsAmong White men, negative attitudes toward obesity were associated significantly with dietary restraint, overvaluation of weight/shape, and body dissatisfaction, whereas among Latino men, negative attitudes toward obesity were associated significantly with overvaluation of weight/shape. Among White men, less negative attitudes toward people with obesity were associated with decreased use of compensatory behaviors, and weaker beliefs about the controllabilty of obesity were associated with decreased overeating and binge eating. Among Latino men, neither attitudes about people with obesity nor beliefs about the controllability of obesity were associated with eating‐disordered behaviors.ConclusionsWeight bias was related to eating/weight‐related psychopathology in men, with fewer associations observed among Latino men than White men. This highlights that associations with psychopathology may vary by ethnicity. Future research is needed to clarify the mechanism by which weight‐biased attitudes and beliefs are associated with eating/weight‐related psychopathology and why this might differ between White and Latino men.
Microfluidics for Biosynthesizing: from Droplets and Vesicles to Artificial Cells
Authors: Ai Yongjian , Xie Ruoxiao , Xiong Jialiang , Liang Qionglin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFabrication of artificial biomimetic materials has attracted abundant attention. As one of the subcategories of biomimetic materials, artificial cells are highly significant for multiple disciplines and their synthesis has been intensively pursued. In order to manufacture robust “alive” artificial cells with high throughput, easy operation, and precise control, flexible microfluidic techniques are widely utilized. Herein, recent advances in microfluidic‐based methods for the synthesis of droplets, vesicles, and artificial cells are summarized. First, the advances of droplet fabrication and manipulation on the T‐junction, flow‐focusing, and coflowing microfluidic devices are discussed. Then, the formation of unicompartmental and multicompartmental vesicles based on microfluidics are summarized. Furthermore, the engineering of droplet‐based and vesicle‐based artificial cells by microfluidics is also reviewed. Moreover, the artificial cells applied for imitating cell behavior and acting as bioreactors for synthetic biology are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future trends in microfluidic‐based artificial cells are discussed. This review should be helpful for researchers in the fields of microfluidics, biomaterial fabrication, and synthetic biology.