bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of opioids during pregnancy and effects of pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Fältmarch Stella , Perttilä Iiro , Tuomi Ulla , Kautiainen Hannu , Gissler Mika , Pennanen Pirjo , Eriksson Johan G. , Laine Merja K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the use of opioids in pregnant primiparous women and study the effect of opioid use on maternal and offspring delivery outcomes.MethodsThe study cohort (N = 6231) consists of all primiparous women with a Finnish background who delivered a singleton between 2009 and 2015 in the city of Vantaa, Finland. Data on births, maternal characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, and purchases of prescription drugs were obtained from National Health Registers.ResultsOf the primiparous women, 5.1% used opioids during pregnancy. Of these, 95.9% used codeine. No differences were observed in purchases of opioids between the different trimesters but more women purchased opioids as pregnancy progressed (.002). Users of opioids more often also purchased other prescription drugs compared with non‐users of opioids, 89% versus 58% (P < .001); age, smoking, education, and body mass index adjusted odds ratio 5.66 (95% confidence interval 3.96 to 8.09). Caesarean sections were more common in users of opioids than in non‐users, 28.3% versus 21.9% (.007). Before the age of 7 days, the offspring of users of opioids more often needed respirator treatment compared with the offspring of non‐users, 3.1% versus 1.6% (.044).ConclusionsOne out of 20 pregnant women used opioids. Use of opioids during pregnancy was associated with the risk for deliveries by caesarean sections and need for respiratory treatment among the offspring during the first week of life. Further safety evaluations are needed.
Using students’ interest in useful plants to encourage plant vision in the classroom
Authors: Pany Peter , Lörnitzo Agnes , Auleitner Lisa , Heidinger Christine , Lampert Peter , Kiehn Michael 
Published: July 2019

Societal Impact StatementThe phenomenon known as “plant blindness” leads to a restricted view on nature, which may in turn result in people and society having less understanding of important environmental and conservation issues. Biology educators must tackle this problem directly. By exploring students’ interests in useful plants (spice plants and stimulant herbal drugs), we present a route by which educators could counteract plant blindness by taking students’ plant‐related interests into account when preparing a teaching unit. We reveal that educators must carefully select the plant materials used as examples in the classroom to effectively encourage plant vision in students.SummaryThe term “plant blindness” describes the phenomenon that many people tend to overlook plants in their everyday life. Therefore, they often do not understand key biological concepts to their full extent and may develop a more restricted view of nature.Here, we provide a possible method of counteracting plant blindness in schools by capitalizing on students’ interest in useful plants to impart botanical content in biology lessons. We investigated 172 students aged 10–18 years old in order to explore the links between students’ individual interests in spice plants and stimulant herbal drugs and their situational interest during an inquiry‐based botany teaching unit by using a questionnaire and additional semi‐structured interviews.Data analysis shows that, for students with low and medium individual interest, stimulant herbal drugs and spice plants can be used to generate higher situational interest. Furthermore, students with initially high individual interest should get the opportunity to follow their own questions concerning a plant group before working on a structured learning task.Using study objects from different subgroups of useful plants for introducing botanical content in biology lessons, and giving highly interested students time and space to follow their own interests, seems to be a promising way to counteract plant blindness and, thus, to help enable students to develop a more comprehensive view of nature.
Analysis of consumer preferences expressed by prioritization chains
Authors: Vanacore Amalia , Pellegrino Maria Sole , Marmor Yariv N. , Bashkansky Emil 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a novel approach is proposed to analyze and interpret consumer preference data expressed as weak orderings (ie, preference chains) over a set of alternatives. A simple distance metric based on cosine similarity is used to assess the repeatability and reproducibility of consumer preferences. These concepts have been borrowed from metrology and can be usefully adopted to evaluate the meaningfulness of aggregated measures (eg, median preference chain) defined over the preference data set. The proposed approach is fully exploited through a real case study involving a group of consumers expressing their preferences over alternative types of pizza toppings.
Stability analysis of switched nonlinear delay systems with sampled‐data inputs
Authors: Wang Zhichuang , Sun Jian , Chen Guoliang , Chen Jie 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis study addresses the uniformly globally asymptotically stability (UGAS) problem of switched nonlinear delay systems (SNDSs) with sampled‐data inputs (SDIs). By using multiple Lyapunov functionals (MLFs) method, mode‐dependent average dwell times, and the total activating time length of MLFs, some stability criteria are explicitly obtained for SNDSs with SDIs. Meanwhile, the UGAS property for SNDSs with some or all unstable modes is investigated. For unstable modes and stable modes, we adopt different switching signals. Besides, we establish some sufficient stability conditions in the form of an upper bound on the sum of dwell times and sampling intervals. Simulation examples are adopted to illustrate and verify the effectiveness of our proposed methods.
Transition out of Marriage and its Effects on Health and Health–Related Quality of Life among Females and Males. COURAGE and COURAGE-POLFUS–Population Based Follow-Up Study in Poland
Authors: Wójcik Grzegorz , Zawisza Katarzyna , Jabłońska Katarzyna , Grodzicki Tomasz , Tobiasz-Adamczyk Beata 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe study explores short-term effects of dissolution of union through divorce/separation and widowhood on physical and mental health as well as health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among females and males in Poland. Considering social selection and social causation theories, the study poses following research questions: are there differences in physical and mental health as well as health-related quality of life that are caused by a marital transition compared to remaining married/cohabiting? Do marital status transitions have different effects concerning physical and mental health and health-related quality of life among females and males? Data for the analysis were available for 1073 people (18+) who participate in the COURAGE-Poland population-based study from 2011 (baseline) and 2015–2016 COURAGE-POLFUS (follow-up). Health status was measured by the WHODAS II and the presence of depression based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Health-related quality of life was assessed by WHOQOL-AGE scale. The analysis has been conducted using the analysis of variance, multinomial logistic regression and generalized liner mixed model according to the dependent variable. Results do suggest that transition out of marriage weakens mental health although the differences in physical health seemed to not be significant compared to the continuously married/cohabiting. The marital dissolution especially causes a decline in the mental health as well as health-related quality of life of males who transitioned to a widowed life. There has not been observed statistically significant change in terms of healthrelated quality of life between first and second wave of the survey among both widowed and divorced males and females.
Lumpectomy Specimen Radiography: Does Orientation or 3-Dimensional Tomosynthesis Improve Margin Assessment?
Authors: Mario Julia , Venkataraman Shambhavi , Fein-Zachary Valerie , Knox Mark , Brook Alexander , Slanetz Priscilla 
Published: July 2019

Purpose Our purpose was twofold. First, we sought to determine whether 2 orthogonal oriented views of excised breast cancer specimens could improve surgical margin assessment compared to a single unoriented view. Second, we sought to determine whether 3D tomosynthesis could improve surgical margin assessment compared to 2D mammography alone. Materials and Methods Forty-one consecutive specimens were prospectively imaged using 4 protocols: single view unoriented 2D image acquired on a specimen unit (1VSU), 2 orthogonal oriented 2D images acquired on the specimen unit (2VSU), 2 orthogonal oriented 2D images acquired on a mammogram unit (2V2DMU), and 2 orthogonal oriented 3D images acquired on the mammogram unit (2V3DMU). Three breast imagers randomly assessed surgical margin of the 41 specimens with each protocol. Surgical margin per histopathology was considered the gold standard. Results The average area under the curve (AUC) was 0.60 for 1VSU, 0.66 for 2VSU, 0.68 for 2V2DMU, and 0.60 for 2V3DMU. Comparing AUCs for 2VSU vs 1VSU by reader showed improved diagnostic accuracy using 2VSU; however, this difference was only statistically significant for reader 3 (0.73 vs 0.63, P = .0455). Comparing AUCs for 2V3DMU vs 2V2DMU by reader showed mixed results, with reader 1 demonstrating increased accuracy (0.72 vs 0.68, P = .5984), while readers 2 and 3 demonstrated decreased accuracy (0.50 vs 0.62, P = .1089 and 0.58 vs 0.75, P = .0269). Conclusions 2VSU showed improved accuracy in surgical margin prediction compared to 1VSU, although this was not statistically significant for all readers. 3D tomosynthesis did not improve surgical margin assessment.
Persistence of right ventricular dysfunction and altered morphometry in asymptomatic preterm Infants through one year of age: Cardiac phenotype of prematurity
Authors: Erickson Collin T. , Patel Meghna D. , Choudhry Swati , Bisselou Karl Stessy , Sekarski Tim , Craft Mary , Li Ling , Khuffash Afif El , Hamvas Aaron , Kutty Shelby , Singh Gautam K. , Levy Philip T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroduction:Prematurity impacts myocardial development and may determine long-term outcomes. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that preterm neonates develop right ventricle dysfunction and adaptive remodelling by 32 weeks post-menstrual age that persists through 1 year corrected age.Materials and Methods:A subset of 80 preterm infants (born <29 weeks) was selected retrospectively from a prospectively enrolled cohort and measures of right ventricle systolic function and morphology by two-dimensional echocardiography were assessed at 32 weeks post-menstrual age and at 1 year of corrected age. Comparisons were made to 50 term infants at 1 month and 1 year of age. Sub-analyses were performed in preterm-born infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and/or pulmonary hypertension.Result:In both term and preterm infants, right ventricle function and morphology increased over the first year (p < 0.01). The magnitudes of right ventricle function measures were lower in preterm-born infants at each time period (p < 0.01 for all) and right ventricle morphology indices were wider in all preterm infants by 1 year corrected age, irrespective of lung disease. Measures of a) right ventricle function were further decreased and b) morphology increased through 1 year in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and/or pulmonary hypertension (p < 0.01).Conclusion:Preterm infants exhibit abnormal right ventricle performance with remodelling at 32 weeks post-menstrual age that persists through 1 year corrected age, suggesting a less developed intrinsic myocardial function response following preterm birth. The development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension leave a further negative impact on right ventricle mechanics over the first year of age.
Fully reconfigurable hexagonal-shaped comb-line filterplatform for prototyping and education purposes
Authors: Miek Daniel , Höft Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a completely reconfigurable comb-line bandpass filter is presented. Due to the modularity, different standard coupling matrix topologies like the folded form, cascaded triplets, and the cul-de-sac form can be implemented and tested. Circuit-based coupling matrices like the extracted pole topology can easily be realized as well. Different types of input-/output- and cross-couplings can be examined before fabrication of a fixed filter set-up takes place. Furthermore, the proposed filter platform can be used to construct a diplexer. By using different heights of the inner and outer conductor of the coaxial resonators, arbitrary center frequencies in the range between 1 and 4 GHz can be realized. Various types of input couplings are available and proposed here to achieve bandwidths between 10 and 110 MHz. A variety of cross-coupling apertures able to realize transmission zeros are presented as well.
Crustal Structure Beneath the Wabash Valley Seismic Zone From the Joint Inversion of Receiver Functions and Surface‐Wave Dispersion: Implications for Continental Rifts and Intraplate Seismicity
Authors: Aziz Zanjani Asiye , Zhu Lupei , Herrmann Robert B. , Liu Yuchen , Gu Zhiyuan , Conder James A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSeismicity of several intraplate seismic zones in the North American midcontinent is believed to be related to reactivation of ancient faults in Precambrian continental rifts by the contemporary stress field. Existence of such a rift system beneath the Wabash Valley Seismic Zone (WVSZ) is not clear. Here we obtained a crustal structural image along a 300‐km‐long profile across WVSZ using a dense linear seismic array. We first calculated teleseismic receiver functions of stations and applied the Common‐Conversion‐Point stacking method to image crustal interfaces and the Moho. We then used ambient noise cross correlation to obtain phase and group velocities of Rayleigh and Love waves. Finally, we jointly inverted the receiver function and surface wave dispersion data to determine shear wave velocity structure along the profile. The results show a thick (50‐ to 60‐km) crust with a typical Proterozoic crustal layering: a 1‐ to 2‐km thick Phanerozoic sedimentary layer, an upper crust ∼15 km thick, and a 30‐ to 40‐km‐thick lower crust. The unprecedented high‐resolution image also reveals a 50‐km‐wide high‐velocity body above an uplifted Moho and several velocity anomalies in the upper and middle crust beneath the La Salle Deformation Belt. We interpreted them as features produced by magmatic intrusions in a failed, immature continental rift during the end of Precambrian. Current seismicity in WVSZ is likely due to reactivation of ancient faults of the rift system by a combination of stress fields from the far‐field plate motion and prominent crustal and upper mantle heterogeneities in the region.
Atmospheric Processing of Loess Particles in a Polluted Urban Area of Northwestern China
Authors: Chen Yang , Liu Huanwu , Huang Ru‐Jin , Yang Fumo , Tian Mi , Yao Xiaojiang , Shen Zhenxing , Yan Lulu , Cao Junji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLoess is an important dust component of airborne particles in Northwestern China. Knowledge of the chemical composition, mixing state, and processing of loess particles in urban plumes is still limited. Urban loess particles were characterized using a single‐particle aerosol mass spectrometer. To understand sources and processing of loess particles, source samples from the road, urban background, soil, construction, and biomass burning ash were collected in the urban areas and characterized. Loess particles were determined as a kind of calcium‐silicate‐rich ones, which were internally mixed with calcium, silicates, potassium, elemental carbon, organics, ammonium, sulfate, and nitrate. Road and soil were major sources of loess particles. Among the aged loess particles, the average peak areas of taken‐up nitrate and sulfate were comparable to that of (Fe+Ca+Al). Diurnal uptake profiles of chloride, sulfate, oxalate, and nitrate on loess particles were analyzed. The nocturnal elevation of chloride occurred significantly due to the uptake of HCl (g). Nighttime nitrate formation occurred prevalently under high relative humidity conditions via the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5. The nighttime enrichment of oxalate, which is a marker for aqueous‐formatted secondary organic aerosol, was also found. Besides the nighttime chemistry, the daytime photochemical activities were also a drive for the elevations of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium. Conclusively, the processing of loess particles in polluted urban plumes significantly altered their chemical composition and mixing state.
Active Layer Groundwater Flow: The Interrelated Effects of Stratigraphy, Thaw, and Topography
Authors: O'Connor Michael T. , Cardenas M. Bayani , Neilson Bethany T. , Nicholaides Kindra D. , Kling George W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe external drivers and internal controls of groundwater flow in the thawed “active layer” above permafrost are poorly constrained because they are dynamic and spatially variable. Understanding these controls is critical because groundwater can supply solutes such as dissolved organic matter to surface water bodies. We calculated steady‐state three‐dimensional suprapermafrost groundwater flow through the active layer using measurements of aquifer geometry, saturated thickness, and hydraulic properties collected from two major landscape types over time within a first‐order Arctic watershed. The depth position and thickness of the saturated zone is the dominant control of groundwater flow variability between sites and during different times of year. The effect of water table depth on groundwater flow dwarfs the effect of thaw depth. In landscapes with low land‐surface slopes (2–4%), a combination of higher water tables and thicker, permeable peat deposits cause relatively constant groundwater flows between the early and late thawed seasons. Landscapes with larger land‐surface slopes (4–10%) have both deeper water tables and thinner peat deposits; here the commonly observed permeability decrease with depth is more pronounced than in flatter areas, and groundwater flows decrease significantly between early and late summer as the water table drops. Groundwater flows are also affected by microtopographic features that retain groundwater that could otherwise be released as the active layer deepens. The dominant sources of groundwater, and thus dissolved organic matter, are likely wet, flatter regions with thick organic layers. This finding informs fluid flow and solute transport dynamics for the present and future Arctic.
Integrating Typhoon Destructive Potential and Social‐Ecological Systems Toward Resilient Coastal Communities
Authors: Sajjad Muhammad , Li Yi , Li Yangfan , Chan Johnny C. L. , Khalid Shoaib 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe resilience of coastal communities becomes a critical issue of the social‐ecological system adapting to impacts from hazards on coastal well‐being. This paper formulates a framework integrating typhoon destructive potential and social‐ecological system from a perspective of coastal resilience. Typhoon destructive potential is interpreted using the Power Dissipation Index as a metric. We use the distributional models in geographic information systems to identify the spatial hotspots of high Power Dissipation Index along the coast of Mainland China. Furthermore, we evaluate the community resilience in all identified hotspots with place‐based indicators within five potential dimensions (Social, Ecological, Institutional, Economic, and Safety). Though the results show no significant long‐term trends in the typhoon destructive potential, statistically significant interdecadal variations are identified in different hotspots during 1949–2014. The resilience assessment results reveal that ecological (predisaster defense) and safety resilience (postdisaster support) are critical issues in achieving coastal community resilience. We argue that improving the ecological stewardship (having great predisaster defense) and adopting integrated approaches contribute to resilience enhancement, providing opportunities to support all the dimensions of community resilience via improving the social‐economic‐ecological nexus. The integration of typhoon destructive potential and social‐ecological system helps to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 13 through risk‐informed decision‐making. The results from this study have important policy implications for local‐scale planning incorporating place‐based indicators.
Constraining Downward Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes Using Ground‐Based Particle Detector Arrays
Authors: Berge N. , Celestin S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUntil recently, there were only a few ground‐based observations of terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs). Since the Telescope Array in Utah, USA, started reporting detections of high‐energy particles correlated with lightning, their number has greatly increased. Ground observations of TGFs represent a valuable addition to space‐borne detectors. The proximity to the event and the ability to observe an event with several detectors may reveal new information about the production of TGFs. In this paper, we study downward directed TGFs using Monte Carlo modeling of photon transport through the atmosphere. The Telescope Array‐observed pulses of gamma rays spread over periods of a few hundred microseconds. We predict such structures to be observable at satellite altitude, given sufficient time resolution. Additionally, we demonstrate how various source spectra would lead to different number of photons reaching ground, which impacts the conclusions one can draw using observational data.
Patterns of protist diversity associated with raw sewage in New York City
Authors: Maritz Julia M , Ten Eyck Theresa A , Elizabeth Alter S , Carlton Jane M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Protists are ubiquitous components of terrestrial and aquatic environments, as well as animal and human microbiomes. Despite this, little is known about protists in urban environments. The ~7400-mile sewer system of New York City (NYC) collects human waste from ~8 million human inhabitants as well as from animals, street runoff, and groundwater, providing an ideal system to study these microbes. We used 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to profile raw sewage microbial communities. Raw sewage samples were collected over a 12-month period from 14 treatment plants of the five NYC boroughs, and compared with samples from other environments including soil, stormwater, and sediment. Sewage contained a diverse protist community dominated by free-living clades, and communities were highly differentiated across environments. Seasonal differences in protist composition were observed; however, network analysis and functional profiling demonstrated that sewage communities were robust and functionally consistent. Protists typically associated with human and animal guts or feces were frequently detected. Abundance of these parasites varied significantly both spatially and temporally, suggesting that spikes could reflect trends in the source population. This underscores sewage as a valuable model system for monitoring patterns in urban microbes and provides a baseline protist metagenome of NYC.