bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A numerical study on viscoelastic droplet migration on a solid substrate due to wettability gradient
Authors: Bai Fan , Li Yuke , Zhang Hongna , Joo Sang Woo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study investigates the viscoelastic effects on droplet migration induced by a wettability gradient on a rigid substrate by a numerical simulation based on OpenFOAM with the volume‐of‐fluid method. The droplets are set with different rheological properties to investigate the effect of the elastic parameters. The Oldroyd‐B model was employed. Quantitative differences in the migration and deformation between Newtonian and viscoelastic droplets were investigated by changing the degree of elasticity. The droplet migration shows conspicuously higher mobility for high elasticity, especially during the accelerating period. Moreover, the displacement and velocity increased with the decrease of a viscoelasticity parameter, and the velocity enhancement was regulated by the elastic instability shown at a high Weissenberg number. In addition, the velocity of the droplet changes more significantly over the range of contact angles of 130° to 60° compared to other wettability‐gradient surfaces.
A smartphone‐based on‐site nucleic acid testing platform at point‐of‐care settings
Authors: Xu Xiayu , Wang Xuemin , Hu Jie , Gong Yang , Wang Lin , Zhou Wan , Li XiuJun , Xu Feng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe developed a smartphone‐based on‐site nucleic acid testing (NAT) platform that can image and analyze lateral flow nucleic acid assays at point‐of‐care settings. An inexpensive add‐on was devised to run lateral flow assays while providing homogeneous ambient light for imaging. In addition, an Android app with a user‐friendly interface was developed for the result analysis and management. Linear color calibration is implemented inside the app to minimize the colorimetric reaction difference between smartphones. A relationship function between nucleic acid concentration and colorimetric reaction was established and evaluated by leave‐one‐out cross validation. The predicted concentration and true concentration showed a good agreement with an R‐squared value of 0.96. This smartphone‐based NAT platform can be used to diagnose infectious diseases and monitor disease progression, and assess treatment efficacy, especially for resource‐limited settings.
A periodic mixed linear state‐space model to monthly long‐term temperature data
Authors: Costa M. , Monteiro M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn recent decades, the world has been confronted with the consequences of global warming; however, this phenomenon is not reflected equally in every part of the globe. Thus, the warming phenomenon must be monitored in a more regional or local scale. This paper analyzes monthly long‐term time series of air temperatures in three Portuguese cities: Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. We propose a periodic state‐space framework, associated with a suitable version of the Kalman filter; which allows for the estimation of monthly warming rates taking into account the seasonal behavior and serial correlation. Results about the monthly mean of the daily midrange temperature time series show that there are different monthly warming rates. The greatest annual mean rise was found in Oporto with 2.17°C, whereas in Lisbon and Coimbra, it was respectively 0.62°C and 0.55°C per century.
Loss of function, missense, and intronic variants in NOTCH1 confer different risks for left ventricular outflow tract obstructive heart defects in two European cohorts
Authors: Helle Emmi , Córdova‐Palomera Aldo , Ojala Tiina , Saha Priyanka , Potiny Praneetha , Gustafsson Stefan , Ingelsson Erik , Bamshad Michael , Nickerson Deborah , Chong Jessica X. ,   University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Ashley Euan , Priest James R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLoss of function variants in NOTCH1 cause left ventricular outflow tract obstructive defects (LVOTO). However, the risk conferred by rare and noncoding variants in
NOTCH1 for LVOTO remains largely uncharacterized. In a cohort of 49 families affected by hypoplastic left heart syndrome, a severe form of LVOTO, we discovered predicted loss of function
NOTCH1 variants in 6% of individuals. Rare or low‐frequency missense variants were found in 16% of families. To make a quantitative estimate of the genetic risk posed by variants in
NOTCH1 for LVOTO, we studied associations of 400 coding and noncoding variants in
NOTCH1 in 1,085 cases and 332,788 controls from the UK Biobank. Two rare intronic variants in strong linkage disequilibrium displayed significant association with risk for LVOTO amongst European‐ancestry individuals. This result was replicated in an independent analysis of 210 cases and 68,762 controls of non‐European and mixed ancestry. In conclusion, carrying rare predicted loss of function variants in
NOTCH1 confer significant risk for LVOTO. In addition, the two intronic variants seem to be associated with an increased risk for these defects. Our approach demonstrates the utility of population‐based data sets in quantifying the specific risk of individual variants for disease‐related phenotypes.
Optimal matching between CO2 sources in Jiangsu province and sinks in Subei‐Southern South Yellow Sea basin, China
Authors: Zhu Qianlin , Wang Chuang , Fan Zhihan , Ma Jing , Chen Fu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn understanding of CO2 sources, sinks, and their optimal matching relationships is helpful when making an initial assessment or making decisions regarding CO2 sequestration. One of the most populous and developed provinces in China, Jiangsu, is facing tremendous pressure to reduce CO2 emissions. This study assessed CO2 emissions from large, stationary CO2 sources and the CO2 geological storage capacity for the Jiangsu province, and studied their optimal geographical matching relationships. The results of the study show that major, large, stationary sources have a total of 730.75 Mt/year CO2 emissions, and the majority of them are located in southern Jiangsu. The Subei‐Southern South Yellow Sea basin, with a total storage capacity of 5.21 × 104 Mt, can be subdivided into 28 storage blocks based on the faults. Source‐sink geographical matching shows that the locations of the sources and the matched sinks are approximately translational. When the entire Subei‐Southern South Yellow basin was chosen as an option for CO2 sinks, the sinks that matched to the northern Jiangsu CO2 sources were mainly located in the onshore northern Subei basin. The northern sources tended to match the north sinks of the northern Subei basin. The CO2 from the southern Jiangsu should be stored in the southern Subei basin and the offshore Southern South Yellow basin. When only the offshore storage blocks are optional CO2 sinks, the CO2 sources in the northern and central Jiangsu mainly match the sinks in the northwestern Southern South Yellow basin. The CO2 sources from southern Jiangsu mainly match the sinks in the southern and eastern Southern South Yellow basin. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Telomere length as a predictor of emotional processing in the brain
Authors: Powell Timothy R. , De Jong Simone , Breen Gerome , Lewis Cathryn M. , Dima Danai 
Published: December 2018

AbstractShorter telomere length (TL) has been associated with the development of mood disorders as well as abnormalities in brain morphology. However, so far, no studies have considered the role TL may have on brain function during tasks relevant to mood disorders. In this study, we examine the relationship between TL and functional brain activation and connectivity, while participants (n = 112) perform a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) facial affect recognition task. Additionally, because variation in TL has a substantial genetic component we calculated polygenic risk scores for TL to test if they predict face‐related functional brain activation. First, our results showed that TL was positively associated with increased activation in the amygdala and cuneus, as well as increased connectivity from posterior regions of the face network to the ventral prefrontal cortex. Second, polygenic risk scores for TL show a positive association with medial prefrontal cortex activation. The data support the view that TL and genetic loading for shorter telomeres, influence the function of brain regions known to be involved in emotional processing.
Interdependency in vaccination policies among Japanese municipalities
Authors: Bessho Shun‐ichiro , Ibuka Yoko 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEconomic theory predicts that vaccination policies at the local level can be negatively affected by the policies of neighboring regions because of free‐riding motives, whereas positive dependency may exist due to policy diffusions among localities. By using the unique variations in the provision of vaccination subsidies in Japan, we assess how vaccination policies in a local government are affected by the decisions of neighboring governments. We find that the provision of vaccination subsidies is positively correlated with the decisions of neighboring localities. Moreover, a correlation is found with neighboring municipalities within the same prefecture but not with those in surrounding prefectures, indicating that the correlations are likely to arise because of mimicking behavior among localities within a prefecture. Our results show that vaccination policies tend to be formed following neighboring municipalities and do not necessarily aim to optimize community health, thus questioning the autonomy of local government authorities regarding vaccination policies.
Shouldering the load of mandible reconstruction: 81 cases of oromandibular reconstruction with the scapular tip free flap
Authors: Yeh David H. , Lee Danny J. , Sahovaler Axel , Fung Kevin , MacNeil Danielle , Nichols Anthony C. , Yoo John 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe scapular tip free flap (STFF) is becoming more popular for oromandibular reconstruction. This article reviewed the early and late outcomes in a larger series over 9 years.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of all consecutive patients who underwent oromandibular reconstruction using the STFF at London Health Sciences Centre. Demographic information, surgical data, and complications were collected and analyzed.ResultsFrom April 2008 to March 2017, 81 STFFs were performed in 80 patients. The average bony reconstruction measured 5.4 cm. Bone‐only flaps were utilized in 24 cases (29.6%). Five cases (6.2%) required a single osteotomy. There were 3 (3.7%) flap failures. There were 7 plate extrusions and 11 cases of radiographic nonunion.ConclusionThe STFF is a reliable option with acceptable early and long‐term results. The STFF may be considered as a first line option especially for shorter bone defects or in conjunction with complex soft tissue requirements.
Process evaluation of the midwifery initiated oral health‐dental service program: Perceptions of dental professionals
Authors: Ajwani Shilpi , Sousa Mariana S. , Villarosa Ariana C. , Bhole Sameer , Johnson Maree , Dahlen Hannah G. , Hoolsema Julia , Blinkhorn Anthony , Srinivas Ravi , Yaacoub Albert , Milat Andrew , Skinner John , George Ajesh 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIssue addressedAll pregnant women should have a comprehensive oral health evaluation. Unfortunately, many pregnant women seldom seek dental care and some dentists are hesitant to treat during pregnancy. To address these issues, the Midwifery Initiated Oral Health Dental Service (MIOH‐DS) program was developed in Australia. The aim of this study was to undertake a process evaluation and explore the perceptions of dental professionals involved in the program to determine the acceptability, feasibility and effectiveness of the program if it were to be upscaled.MethodsA qualitative approach using content analysis was conducted on data from two focus groups involving 12 dental professionals.ResultsAll participants were supportive of the MIOH‐DS program. They thought pregnant women were receptive to their care, and reported markedly improved oral health. The provision of free dental care and the involvement of midwives were cited as major factors that improved the uptake of the program. Some of the challenges encountered were the prevailing misconceptions about the safety of dental treatment and pregnancy‐related impairments.ConclusionsDental professionals found the MIOH‐DS to be acceptable, feasible and effective in improving oral health of pregnant women and their uptake of dental services. However, some challenges need to be addressed as the MIOH‐DS program is upscaled into a cost‐effective model.So what?Dental professionals are important stakeholders in the MIOH‐DS model. The process evaluation of the successful dental intervention is necessary to understand how and why such interventions work, and is an important step in scaling up to a population‐wide intervention.
Stream geochemical response to reductions in acid deposition in headwater streams: Chronic versus episodic acidification recovery
Authors: Riscassi Ami , Scanlon Todd , Galloway James 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn the decades since dramatic reductions in acid emissions and subsequent deposition in North America and Europe, the vast majority of research on aquatic chemical recovery has focused on trends in acid–base concentrations during baseflow conditions. Missing from such assessments is consideration of higher flow periods, when flow paths and chemical concentrations change and episodic acidification may occur. Stream samples collected weekly and bi‐hourly during high‐flow storm events from 1992 to 2015 at three watersheds representing a gradient in response to acid deposition in the south‐eastern United States were used to evaluate temporal trends in acid anions, base cations, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), and pH for each of five distinct flow exceedance regimes, as well as trends in concentration–discharge (C–Q) relationships. For the most well‐buffered watershed (mean ANC = 220 μeq L−1), ANC and pH increased at a similar rate for baseflow and storm flow conditions. Decreases in sulfate controlled ANC trends at higher flows, whereas smaller sulfate decreases in combination with base cation increases resulted in similar ANC improvements for low‐flow periods. For the most acid sensitive watershed (mean ANC = 10 μeq L−1), no trends in ANC or pH were observed for the lowest flows (>90% flow exceedance), whereas reductions in sulfate resulted in significant increases in ANC during higher flow conditions. At all sites, greater rates of sulfate decline during high‐flow, as compared with low‐flow, conditions are likely a result of a reduced capacity of near surface soils to adsorb and retain sulfur in these non‐glaciated watersheds. Overall, consistent increases in pH (~0.01–0.02 pH units year−1) during higher flow conditions (<10% flow exceedance) in contrast to the variable trends observed during lower flows (>50% flow exceedance) illustrate that episodic acidification is recovering at an equal or greater rate than chronic acidification in these watersheds.
Tree‐ring records unveil long‐term influence of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on snowpack dynamics in the Stikine River basin, northern British Columbia
Authors: Welsh Cedar , Smith Dan J. , Coulthard Bethany 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLong hydroclimate records are essential elements for the assessment and management of changing freshwater resources. These records are especially important in transboundary watersheds where international cooperation is required in the joint planning and management process of shared basins. Dendrochronological techniques were used to develop a multicentury record of April 1 snow water equivalent (SWE) for the Stikine River basin in northern British Columbia, Canada, from moisture‐sensitive white spruce (Picea glauca) tree rings. Explaining 43% of the instrumental SWE variability, to our knowledge, this research represents the first attempt to develop long‐term snowpack reconstructions in northern British Columbia. The results indicated that 15 extreme low April 1 SWE events occurred from 1789 to the beginning of the instrumental record in 1974. The reconstruction record also shows that the occurrence of hydrological extremes in the Stikine River basin is characterized by persistent below‐average periods in SWE consistent with phase shifts of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Spectral analyses indicate a very distinct in‐phase (positive) relationship between the multidecadal frequencies of variability (~40 years) extracted from the SWE tree‐ring reconstruction and other reconstructed winter and spring PDO indices. Comparison of the reconstructed SWE record with other tree‐ring‐derived PDO proxy records shows coherence at multidecadal frequencies of variability. The research has significant implications for regional watershed management by highlighting the hydrological response of the Stikine River basin to prior climate changes.
Multicontext 3D residual CNN for false positive reduction of pulmonary nodule detection
Authors: Zhang Zhancheng , Li Xinyi , You Qingjun , Luo Xiaoqing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFalse positive reduction is a key procedure of computer‐aided pulmonary nodule detection. The goal is to recognize the true pulmonary nodule from the plentiful candidates, which received from the first step of pulmonary nodule candidate detection. Convolutional networks can be used to perform false positive nodule reduction, but the classification accuracy need to be further improved. Recently, residual network is more and more popular around the world with its distinguished performance. A multicontext three‐dimensional residual convolutional neural network (3D Res‐CNN) was proposed to realize the reduction of the false positive nodule. Using two scales of network to adapt the variation of pulmonary nodule size, instead of using an unreferenced function with reference to the identity mapping, 3D Res‐CNN uses a shortcut connection to realize the residual structure. For alleviating the data imbalance, firstly patches are rotated and resampled in original images; secondly weights are allotted for different labels in the calculation of cost function. Experiments on volumetric computed tomography (CT) data indicate that our method gets state of the art performance: 0.843 average sensitivity with 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 false positive per subject. The results show the effectiveness of residual convolutional network for the recognition of the true pulmonary nodule from the plentiful candidates.
Naringin prevents ultraviolet‐B radiation‐induced oxidative damage and inflammation through activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ in mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH‐3T3) cells
Authors: NilamberLal Das Roopa , Muruhan Sridevi , Nagarajan Rajendra Prasad , Balupillai Agilan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe present study, we investigate the preventive role of naringin, a dietary flavonoid, against ultraviolet‐B (UVB) radiation (280‐320 nm) induced oxidative damage and inflammatory responses in mouse embryonic fibroblast cell lines (NIH‐3T3). In this study, 20 mJ/cm
2 of UVB radiation induces cell cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA damage, and antioxidants depletion in NIH‐3T3 cells. Treatment with naringin (60 µM) prior UVB exposure prevented the cell cytotoxicity, ROS generation, DNA damage, and antioxidants depletion in NIH‐3T3 cells. Furthermore, naringin prevents UVB‐induced mitogen‐activated protein kinase families and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB)‐mediated activation of inflammatory factors, that is TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐10, and COX‐2 in NIH‐3T3 cells. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is an anti‐inflammatory agent and it suppressed the UVB‐mediated oxidative and inflammatory responses. In this study, naringin activates PPARγ and prevents inflammatory biomarkers in NIH‐3T3 cells. Thus, naringin prevents UVB‐mediated inflammation and oxidative damage in NIH‐3T3 cells probably over controlling NF‐κB expression and activation of PPARγ.
Density functional theory study with and without COSMO of H2SO4 reactions in an aqueous environment for metal extraction
Authors: Ungerer Maria Johanna , van Sittert Cornelia Gertina Catharina Elizabeth , van der Westhuizen Derik Johannes , Krieg Henning Manfred 
Published: December 2018

In a recent study investigating the suitability of solvent extraction (SX) for the separation of Ta and Nb, it was shown that speciation data would be required to help explain the data obtained. As traditional speciation techniques cannot be readily applied for Ta and Nb, it was decided to determine the suitability of molecular modeling for this purpose. During the SX experiments the aqueous phase consisted of sulfuric acid (H2SO4), water, and metal species.In this study density functional theory (DFT) modeling was used to calculate the formation energy of five possible reactions of H2SO4 and H2O. Different functional and basis set combinations were compared as well as the effect of infinite dilution by using the conductor‐like screening model (COSMO), which simulates infinite dilution of solvents of varying polarity and includes the short‐range interactions of the solute particles. The results obtained were used to determine whether it is possible to predict the reactions and mechanism when H2SO4 and H2O interact during SX.According to the results, the deprotonation of H2SO4 was endothermic in a 1:1 acid–water ratio, while being both exothermic in the 1:5 and 1:10 acid–water ratio forming HSO4− and SO42− respectively. Furthermore, it was seen that the hydration and dehydration of H2SO4 in a bulk H2O solution was a continuous process. From the energy calculations it was determined that although the H2SO4●H2O, HSO4−●H2O, and H2SO4●2H2O species could form, they would most likely react with H2O molecules to form HSO4−, H3O+, and H2O. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GRK5 influences the phosphorylation of tau via GSK3β and contributes to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhao Jianghao , Li Xiaohui , Chen Xiongjin , Cai Yujie , Wang Yan , Sun Wenjing , Mai Hui , Yang Jingqi , Fan Weihao , Tang Pei , Ou Mingqian , Zhang Yuan , Huang Xuemei , Zhao Bin , Cui Lili 
Published: December 2018

AbstractG protein‐coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) is a serine/threonine kinase whose dysfunction results in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer‐like pathology, including tau hyperphosphorylation. However, the mechanisms whereby GRK5 influences tau phosphorylation remain incompletely understood. In the current study, we showed that GRK5 influenced the phosphorylation of tau via glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). The activity of both tau and GSK3β in the hippocampus was increased in aged GRK5‐knockout mice, which is consistent with what occurs in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Furthermore, GRK5 regulated the activity of GSK3β and phosphorylated tau in vitro. Regardless of changes of GRK5 protein levels, tau hyperphosphorylation remained reduced after GSK3β activity was inhibited, suggesting that GRK5 may specifically influence tau hyperphosphorylation by modulating GSK3β activity. Taken together, our findings suggest that GRK5 deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by influencing the hyperphosphorylation of tau through the activation of GSK3β.