bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological control of exotic annuals in native C3 grass swards
Authors: Cole Ian , Koen Terry , Prober Suzanne , Lunt lan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhile the mechanisms behind the control of exotic annuals by C4 native grasses on soils of low fertility are well understood, it is not clear how C3 native grasses sometimes achieve similar levels of control. In earlier research (Cole I. A., et al., 2016a, Aust. Ecol. 41, 40; Cole I. A., et al., 2016b, Restor. Ecol. 24, 354), the abundance of cool season exotic annuals waxed and waned over time, apparently in response to changes in the abundance of the tall C3 native grass (Austrostipa species) which at times dominated the understorey. This study used multiple linear regression and structural equation models to compare the relative influence of the abundance of the native grass sward (in autumn and spring), soil nitrate (in autumn) and the presence or absence of litter (in autumn) on the abundance in spring of exotic annual broadleafs and grasses. The most important controls of exotic annuals were native grass abundance and related soil nitrate reductions in autumn, when exotic annuals germinate. Another important control for exotic broadleafs was presence of litter in autumn. In contrast, the presence of litter promoted exotic annual grasses. Native grass abundance in spring (reflecting competition over the growing season of exotic annuals) appeared relatively unimportant. Key management objectives when attempting to control exotic annuals will be to maximize competition when exotic species are establishing by promoting the health and abundance of native grasses, and maintaining high levels of litter cover.
Fine scale analysis of intraspecific and interspecific interactions in two varanid lizard populations adjacent to a sea turtle nesting beach
Authors: Lei Juan , Booth David T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDifferential space use is one of the strategies used by species with similar niche requirements to avoid direct competition while in sympatry. Here, we used Global Positioning System devices to investigate – two sympatric species of monitor lizards in a coastal habitat adjacent to a sea turtle nesting beach. Adults of yellow‐spotted goannas Varanus panoptes and lace monitors V. varius were tracked throughout the summer sea turtle nesting season to explore their space use and investigate how often individuals were close enough to each other that direct interspecific and intraspecific interactions could occur. The two species utilized different habitat at this site. Yellow‐spotted goannas spent a greater proportion of their time in the beach‐front dune habitat where sea turtles nest, while lace monitors spent most of their time in the woodland habitat behind the beach‐front dunes, and as a consequence, encountered fewer sea turtle nests compared to yellow‐spotted goannas. Yellow‐spotted goannas and lace monitors rarely came closer than 15 m of each other, both intra‐ and interspecifically, although their home ranges overlapped.
A longitudinal evaluation of the role of alcohol self‐concept in alcohol use, motives, negative affect, and alcohol‐related problems among emerging adults
Authors: Blevins Claire E. , Abrantes Ana M. , Anderson Bradley J. , Caviness Celeste M. , Herman Debra S. , Stein Michael D. 
Published: July 2018

Background and ObjectivesEmerging adulthood is a time of identity formation, and is also the most common time period for individuals to consume alcohol. Alcohol self‐concept (or drinking identity) has been associated cross‐sectionally with rates of alcohol use and use‐related problems. Additionally, there is preliminary evidence that alcohol self‐concept is related to negative affect and to alcohol use motives. However, less research has evaluated the longitudinal nature of these variables, particularly in a community sample. The current study evaluated relationships between self‐concept, alcohol‐related variables, and negative affect among emerging adults. Additionally, the study explored self‐concept as a mediator between motives and alcohol use and problems.MethodsCommunity‐recruited participants (n = 226, 55.3% male) involved in a health behaviors study were assessed over the course of 12 months.ResultsResults substantiated both the cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships between these variables. Self‐concept, rates of use, and problems decreased over the course of time. Decreases in motives for alcohol use (including coping and enhancement motives) were related to subsequent decreases in alcohol self‐concept, which in turn were associated with decreases in use and use‐related problems. Alcohol self‐concept mediated the longitudinal relationship between coping motives and use as well as use‐related problems.Discussion and ConclusionsResults from this study underscore the importance of motivation for alcohol use and internalization of alcohol identity in predicting changes in behavior across emerging adulthood and suggest future avenues of research.Scientific SignificanceAlcohol self‐concept may be a risk factor and intervention target. (Am J Addict 2018;27:501–508)
Progress of an isolated collagenoma during pregnancy
Authors: Aktaş Karabay Ezgi , Yapıcıer Özlem 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCollagenomas are connective tissue naevi composed predominantly of collagen. Isolated collagenomas are usually localized to a single body region, acquired, and of rare occurrence. We describe a patient with an isolated collagenoma that showed an increase in size during pregnancy and regressed afterwards.
Multiple perianal ulcers due to suppositories
Authors: Savoia Francesco , Sechi Andrea , Tabanelli Michela , Zago Silvia , Leuzzi Miriam , Baraldi Carlotta , Patrizi Annalisa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe report a case of long‐standing inexplicable perianal ulcers. After exclusion of an inflammatory, infectious or neoplastic origin, a thorough personal history revealed that for many years the patient had been using analgesic suppositories containing indomethacin, caffeine, and prochlorperazine dimaleate, four to five times a week, for migraine. On stopping the suppositories, there was complete healing within 12 weeks. We hypothesize that vasoconstriction and vascular damage were the pathogenetic mechanisms behind the perianal ulcers.
The Impact of an Advanced ECMO Program on Traumatically Injured Patients
Authors: Grant April A. , Hart Valerie J. , Lineen Edward B. , Lai Cynthia , Ginzburg Enrique , Houghton Douglas , Schulman Carl I. , Vianna Rodrigo , Patel Amit N. , Casalenuovo Amelia , Loebe Matthias , Ghodsizad Ali 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn June 2016, an advanced extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) program consisting of a multidisciplinary team was initiated at a large level‐one trauma center. The program was created to standardize management for patients with a wide variety of pathologies, including trauma. This study evaluated the impact of the advanced ECMO program on the outcomes of traumatically injured patients undergoing ECMO. A retrospective cohort study was performed on all patients sustaining traumatic injury who required ECMO support from January 2014 to September 2017. The primary outcome was to determine survival in trauma ECMO patients in the two timeframes, before and after initiation of the advanced ECMO program. Secondary outcomes included complication rates, length of stay, ventilator usage, and ECMO days. One hundred and thirty eight patients were treated with ECMO during the study period. Of the 138 patients, 22 sustained traumatic injury. Seven patients were treated in our pre‐group and 15 in our post‐group. The majority of patients were treated with VV ECMO. Our post group VV ECMO extracorporeal survival rate was 64% and our survival to discharge was 55%. This study demonstrated an improvement in survival after implementation of our advanced ECMO program. The implementation of a multidisciplinary trauma ECMO team dedicated to the rescue of critically ill patients is the key for achieving excellent outcomes in the trauma population.
“Simpli5y” a noval concept for fixed rehabilitation of completely edentulous maxillary and mandibular edentulous arches: A 3‐year randomized clinical trial, supported by a numerical analysis
Authors: Chowdhary Ramesh , Kumararama Sindhu Sudhakar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground and PurposeTo evaluate the clinical outcome of “simpli5y” concept where in 3 and 2 implant placed cross arch in maxilla and in mandible respectively, restored with screw retained prosthesis.Materials and MethodsTotal of 30 patients were randomized, with 15 in group1 with an average of 45 Ncm insertion torque with delayed loading and 15 in group 2 with above 65 Ncm inertion torque with immediate loading with equal number of male and female in each group following parallel design with 3 implants in maxillary and 2 implants in mandibular arch placed which was supported by a 3Dimensional finite analysis comparing the stress dissipation around implants of this concept—“Simplif5y” with All‐on‐4 concept.ResultsVon Mises strain recorded in the bone in the maxillary and mandibular arch models were higher in All‐on‐four than that in the “simpli5y”, which was vice‐versa in the framework. Three‐year post loading marginal peri implant bone loss for the group 1 was less than group 2.ConclusionsThese results, suggest that in both delayed loading and immediate loading protocol that cross arch prostheses can be successfully supported by 3 and 2 implants in maxillary and mandibular arch respectively—“Simpli5y” concept of full mouth restoration.
2‐(4‐methyl‐thiazol‐5‐yl) ethyl nitrate maleate‐potentiated GABAA receptor response in hippocampal neurons
Authors: Jiang Xiao‐Mei , Wang Wei‐Ping , Liu Zhi‐Hui , Yin Hua‐Jing , Ma Hao , Feng Nan , Wang Ling , Huang Hai‐Hong , Wang Xiao‐Liang 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAims2‐(4‐methyl‐thiazol‐5‐yl) ethyl nitrate maleate (NMZM), a derivative of clomethiazole (CMZ), had been investigated for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The beneficial effects of NMZM in AD included reversing cognitive deficit, improving learning and memory as well as neuroprotection. The pharmacological effects of NMZM on GABAA receptors were reported previously; however, the mechanisms were unclear and were explored therefore.ResultsIn this study, we demonstrated that NMZM improved learning and memory by alleviating scopolamine‐induced long‐term potentiation (LTP) suppression in the dentate gyrus of rats, indicating that NMZM had protective effects against scopolamine‐induced depression of LTP. Next, we investigated the action of NMZM on GABAA receptors in hippocampal neurons and the binding site of NMZM on GABAA receptors. NMZM directly activated GABAA receptors in hippocampal neurons in a weak manner. However, NMZM could potentiate the response of GABAA receptors to GABA and NMZM positively modulated GABAA receptors with an EC50 value of 465 μmol/L at 3 μmol/L GABA while this potentiation at low concentration of GABA (1, 3 μmol/L) was more significant than that at high concentration (10, 30 μmol/L). In addition, NMZM could enhance GABA currents after using diazepam and pentobarbital, the positive modulators of GABAA receptors. NMZM could not affect the etomidate‐potentiated GABAA current. It suggested that the binding site of NMZM on GABAA receptors is the same as etomidate.ConclusionsThese results provided support for the neuroprotective effect of NMZM, which was partly dependent on the potentiation of GABAA receptors. The etomidate binding site might be a new target for neuronal protection and for drug development.
Global gap analysis of cactus species and priority sites for their conservation
Authors: Goettsch Bárbara , Durán América Paz , Gaston Kevin J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractKnowing how much biodiversity is captured by protected areas (PAs) is important to meeting country commitments to international conservation agreements, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, and analyzing gaps in species coverage by PAs contributes greatly to improved locating of new PAs and conservation of species. Regardless of their importance, global gap analyses have been conducted only for a few taxonomic groups (e.g., mangroves, corals, amphibians, birds, mammals). We conducted the first global gap analysis for a complete specious plant group, the highly threatened Cactaceae. Using geographic distribution data of 1438 cactus species, we assessed how well the current PA network represents them. We also systematically identified priority areas for conservation of cactus species that met and failed to meet conservation targets accounting for their conservation status. There were 261 species with no coverage by PAs (gap species). A greater percentage of cacti species (18%) lacked protection than mammals (9.7%) and birds (5.6%), and also a greater percentage of threatened cacti species (32%) were outside protected areas than amphibians (26.5%), birds (19.9%), or mammals (16%). The top 17% of the landscape that best captured covered species represented on average 52.9% of species ranges. The priority areas for gap species and the unprotected portion of the ranges of species that only partially met their conservation target (i.e., partial gap) captured on average 75.2% of their ranges, of which 100 were threatened gap species. These findings and knowledge of the threats affecting species provide information that can be used to improve planning for cacti conservation and highlight the importance of assessing the representation of major groups, such as plants, in PAs to determining the performance of the current PA network.
The role of Sprouty1 in the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of epidermal keratinocytes
Authors: Wang Ping , Zhou Yuan , Yang Jian‐Qiang , Landeck Lilla , Min Min , Chen Xi‐Bei , Chen Jia‐Qi , Li Wei , Cai Sui‐Qing , Zheng Min , Man Xiao‐Yong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesSprouty (SPRY) 1 is one of the SPRY proteins that inhibits signalling from various growth factors pathways and has also been known as a tumour suppressor in various malignancies. However, no study elucidates the role of SPRY1 in the skin. Our study was conducted to determine the function of SPRY1 in human keratinocytes and the epidermis.Materials and methodsIn vitro primary cultured epidermal keratinocytes were used to investigate the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of these cells. We also established overexpression of SPRY1 in vitro and K14‐SPRY1 transgenic mice.ResultsSPRY1 was mainly located in the cytoplasm of the epidermal keratinocytes from the granular epidermal layer of the skin and cultured cells. Overexpressed SPRY1 in keratinocytes resulted in up‐regulation of P21, P27 and down‐regulation of cyclin B1; decrease in MMP3 and integrin α6. SPRY1‐overexpressed primary keratinocytes exhibited a lower proliferation and migration capability and higher rates of apoptosis. Epidermis of SPRY1‐TG mice represented delayed wound healing. Proteomics analysis and GO enrichment showed DEPs of SPRY1 TG mice epidermis is significantly enriched in immune‐ and inflammatory‐associated biological process.ConclusionsIn summary, SPRY1 expression was inversely correlated with cell proliferation, migration and promote cell apoptosis of keratinocytes. SPRY1 maybe a negative feedback regulator in normal human epidermal keratinocytes and cutaneous inflammatory responses. Our study raised the possibility that enhancing expression of SPRY1 may have the potential to promote anti‐inflammatory effects.
Long non‐coding RNAs in nucleus pulposus cell function and intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Xingye , Chen Chong , Li Shugang , Shen Jianxiong , Tse Gary , Chan Matthew T. V. , Wu William K. K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the major cause of low back pain which incurs a significant public‐health and economic burden. The aetiology of IDD is complex, with developmental, genetic, biomechanical and biochemical factors contributing to the disease development. Deregulated phenotypes of nucleus pulposus cells, including aberrant differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition, are involved in the initiation and progression of IDD. Non‐coding RNAs, including long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have recently been identified as important regulators of gene expression. Research into their roles in IDD has been very active over the past 5 years. Our review summarizes current research regarding the roles of deregulated lncRNAs (eg, RP11‐296A18.3, TUG1, HCG18) in modulating nucleus pulposus cell functions in IDD. These exciting findings suggest that specific modulation of lncRNAs or their downstream signalling pathways might be an attractive approach for developing novel therapeutics for IDD.
SNRPA enhances tumour cell growth in gastric cancer through modulating NGF expression
Authors: Dou Ning , Yang Dong , Yu Shijun , Wu Binghao , Gao Yong , Li Yandong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesSNRPA is a protein component of U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U1 snRNP) complex, which takes part in the splicing of pre‐mRNAs. Its expression and function in tumour remain unknown. Herein, we elucidated the functional contribution of SNRPA to the progression of gastric cancer (GC).Materials and methodsSNRPA expression was investigated in a GC tissue microarray by immunohistochemical staining. Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK‐8, colony formation and EdU incorporation assays. A mouse xenograft model was used to detect the tumourigenicity. Gene expression profiling was performed and then the potential target genes were verified by quantitative real‐time PCR and western blot analyses. The functional relevance between SNRPA and its target gene was examined by cell growth assays.ResultsSNRPA expression was higher in tumour tissues than in matched normal gastric mucosa tissues, and it was positively correlated with the tumour size and progression. High SNRPA expression indicated poor prognosis of GC patients. Silencing SNRPA in GC cells markedly inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and tumour growth in a xenograft model, while overexpressing SNRPA exhibited opposite results. Moreover, we identified NGF (Nerve growth factor) as a downstream effector of SNRPA and further proved that NGF was crucial for SNRPA‐mediated GC cell growth.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that SNRPA may contribute to GC progression via NGF and could be a prognostic biomarker for GC.
AMOT130 linking F‐actin to YAP is involved in intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Zhang Cong , Wang Feng , Xie Zhiyang , Chen Lu , Sinkemani Arjun , Yu Haomin , Wu Xiaotao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesDysregulation of YAP by the Hippo signalling is associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, the relationship between the F‐actin and Hippo pathway in IDD, and their effects on YAP remain poorly understood.MethodsThe characteristics of Hippo pathway and F‐actin the in the NP (nucleus pulposus) and annulus fibrosus of immature, mature, ageing and disc degeneration model rats were observed by immunofluorescence, western blot and qPCR. Nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were transfected with lentivirus Sh‐LATS A, Sh‐LATS B and harvested for SA‐β‐gal staining, qPCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining to investigate the mechanism of Hippo pathway and F‐actin interact in NPCs.ResultsWe observed moderate decreases in F‐actin and YAP expression with age in healthy intervertebral discs (IVDs). F‐actin stress fibres distributed throughout the cytoplasm disappeared following treatment with latrunculin B (Lat B), resulting in a punctate distribution. Depletion of large tumour suppressor homologues 1/2 (LATS1/2) did not decrease the rate of cellular senescence, and YAP remained in the cytoplasm following Lat B treatment. Furthermore, angiomotin 130 (AMOT130) was associated with F‐actin through a conserved actin‐binding domain to retain YAP in the cytoplasm.ConclusionsThis study showed that a mechanism by which Hippo pathway and F‐actin synergize to modulate YAP activation and localization in the context of IDD and help to control NPCs proliferation.
Clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gallbladder drainage replacement of percutaneous drainage: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Minaga Kosuke , Yamashita Yukitaka , Ogura Takeshi , Takenaka Mamoru , Shimokawa Yuzo , Hisa Takeshi , Itonaga Masahiro , Kato Hironari , Nishikiori Hidefumi , Okuda Atsushi , Matsumoto Hisakazu , Uenoyama Yoshito , Watanabe Tomohiro , Chiba Yasutaka , Higuchi Kazuhide , Kudo Masatoshi , Kitano Masayuki 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesPercutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) is widely used for patients with acute cholecystitis. There are little data on the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gallbladder drainage (EUS‐GBD) replacement of PTGBD in patients who cannot undergo cholecystectomy.MethodsThis multicenter retrospective study in Japan reviewed records of patients who underwent EUS‐GBD to replace PTGBD between January 2010 and December 2017. Outcomes evaluated included technical success, defined as successful stent placement between the gastrointestinal lumen and the gallbladder; clinical success, defined as subsequent removal of the percutaneous catheter; adverse events; and stent patency.ResultsEUS‐GBD was performed in 21 patients (14 women, mean age 77.5 ± 8.0 years) to replace PTGBD that had been instituted for acute cholecystitis (n = 19) or obstructive jaundice (n = 2). Technical success was achieved in 19 (90.5%). The median period from PTGBD placement to EUS‐GBD was 11 days (range, 6–68 days). The mean procedure time was 19.5 ± 5.1 min. No early adverse events were observed. There were three late adverse events, distal stent migration in two cases and stent occlusion causing recurrent cholecystitis in one patient. Reintervention was required in two patients. The percutaneous catheter was removed after EUS‐GBD in 17 patients at a median of 7 days (range, 2–20 days). The duration of stent patency was 139 days (range, 8–664 days).ConclusionsWhere ongoing gallbladder drainage is required, conversion from PTGBD to EUS‐GBD is a feasible, effective, and safe technique for patients who cannot undergo cholecystectomy.
Regulation of macrophage activation by proteins expressed on apoptotic neutrophils: Subversion towards autoimmunity by proteinase 3
Authors: Thieblemont Nathalie , Witko‐Sarsat Véronique , Ariel Amiram 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNeutrophils are critically involved in host defence and they also modulate the inflammatory process. Turning the inflammatory response towards a resolutive outcome requires a dialogue between apoptotic neutrophils and proresolving macrophages through complex key molecular interactions controlling efferocytosis, anti‐inflammatory reprogramming and ultimately immune regulation. In this review, we will first focus on recent molecular analyses aiming at characterizing the role of proteins expressed on apoptotic neutrophils and their cognate partners expressed on macrophages in the resolution of inflammation. These will include chemokine receptors and their ligands and annexin A1 and its receptor FPR2. We will next depict how the structural and enzymatic properties of proteinase 3 (PR3), the autoantigen in vasculitis, allow its expression on apoptotic neutrophils, which in turn affects efferocytosis and immune response associated with the clearance of apoptotic cells. This example illustrates that the fate of apoptotic neutrophils directly influences the resolution of inflammation and immune responses thereby potentially contributing to systemic and nonresolving inflammation as well as autoimmunity.