bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconceptualising Exposure and Some Implications for Cognitive-Behavioural and Psychodynamic Practice
Authors: Muir David L. , Hibberd Fiona J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe concept of exposure is ubiquitous in the research and practice of clinical psychology, most notably in cognitive-behavioural models. Yet there remains confusion and ambiguity around how exposure in ‘exposure therapy’ is characterised. Current definitions are found to be inadequate, as each identifies certain features of the exposure process but omits others. As such, an elaborated model of exposure is presented, referred to here as there-exposure-extinction learning process. This process involves a complex causal situation consisting of clinical features (the cause/causes,C), acting upon a person (the field,F), to bring about re-exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli and then extinction learning, leading, over time, to therapeutic change (the effect/effects,E). Importantly, re-exposure and extinction learning are two processes distinct from the therapeutic procedures (i.e., techniques and methods) used to bring them about. Furthermore, these processes are not inherently tied to a particular model of therapy or clinical intervention. They are, therefore,logically independent ofthe procedures used to facilitate them. Considering this reconceptualisation, we propose that working in the transference, a cornerstone of psychodynamic psychotherapy, can be understood as a complementary and effective method of facilitating the re-exposure-extinction learning process. We argue that this is achieved through enabling a person to repeatedly re-evaluate their fearful expectations as they manifest in the unfolding dynamics of the therapeutic relationship. Finally, some clinical implications indicated by this elaborated model are explored.
Sound the alarm! Updating beliefs and degradative cyber operations
Authors: Gomez Miguel Alberto N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo date, cyber security research is built on observational studies involving macro-level attributes as causal factors that account for state behaviour in cyberspace. While this tradition resulted in significant findings, it abstracts the importance of individual decision-makers. Specifically, these studies have yet to provide an account as to why states fail to integrate available information resulting in suboptimal judgements such as the misattribution of cyber operations. Using a series of vignette experiments, the study demonstrates that cognitive heuristics and motivated reasoning play a crucial role in the formation of judgements vis-à-vis cyberspace. While this phenomenon is frequently studied relative to the physical domain, it remains relatively unexplored in the context of cyberspace. Consequently, this study extends the existing literature by highlighting the importance of micro-level attributes in interstate cyber interactions.
Hyers–Ulam stability for equations with differences and differential equations with time-dependent and periodic coefficients
Authors: Buşe Constantin , Lupulescu Vasile , O'Regan Donal 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLetqbe a positive integer and let (an) and (bn) be two given ℂ-valued andq-periodic sequences. First we prove that the linear recurrence in ℂ0.1$$x_{n + 2} = a_nx_{n + 1} + b_nx_n,\quad n\in {\open Z}_+ $$is Hyers–Ulam stable if and only if the spectrum of the monodromy matrixTq: =Aq−1· · ·A0(i.e. the set of all its eigenvalues) does not intersect the unit circle Γ = {z∈ ℂ: |z| = 1}, i.e.Tqis hyperbolic. Here (and in as follows) we let0.2$$A_n = \left( {\matrix{ 0 & 1 \cr {b_n} & {a_n} \cr } } \right)\quad n\in {\open Z}_+ .$$Secondly we prove that the linear differential equation0.3$${x}^{\prime \prime}(t) = a(t){x}^{\prime}(t) + b(t)x(t),\quad t\in {\open R},$$(wherea(t) andb(t) are ℂ-valued continuous and 1-periodic functions defined on ℝ) is Hyers–Ulam stable if and only ifP(1) is hyperbolic; hereP(t) denotes the solution of the first-order matrix 2-dimensional differential system0.4$${X}^{\prime}(t) = A(t)X(t),\quad t\in {\open R},\quad X(0) = I_2,$$whereI2is the identity matrix of order 2 and0.5$$A(t) = \left( {\matrix{ 0 & 1 \cr {b(t)} & {a(t)} \cr } } \right),\quad t\in {\open R}.$$
First-order expansions for eigenvalues and eigenfunctions in periodic homogenization
Authors: Zhuge Jinping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFor a family of elliptic operators with periodically oscillating coefficients, $-{\rm div}(A(\cdot /\varepsilon )\nabla )$ with tiny ε > 0, we comprehensively study the first-order expansions of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions (eigenspaces) for both the Dirichlet and Neumann problems in bounded, smooth and strictly convex domains (or more general domains of finite type). A new first-order correction term is introduced to derive the expansion of eigenfunctions in L2 or $H^1_{\rm loc}$. Our results rely on the recent progress on the homogenization of boundary layer problems.
CLIMATE ASSESSMENT AS AN EMERGING OBLIGATION UNDER CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Mayer Benoit 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEnvironmental assessment (EA) is established in most countries as a procedure to ensure that administrative authorities are aware of the environmental impacts likely to result from the activities they approve. Many jurisdictions have moved towards including consideration for climate change mitigation in EA. Through a review of the law and practice of various States, this article suggests that such Climate Assessment is now emerging as a norm of customary international law.
Obstacle Avoidance through Gesture Recognition: Business Advancement Potential in Robot Navigation Socio-Technology
Authors: Liu Xuan , Khan Kashif Nazar , Farooq Qamar , Hao Yunhong , Arshad Muhammad Shoaib 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIn the present modern age, a robot works like human and is controlled in such a manner that its movements should not create hindrance in human activities. This characteristic involves gesture feat and gesture recognition. This article is aimed to describe the developments in algorithms devised for obstacle avoidance in robot navigation which can open a new horizon for advancement in businesses. For this purpose, our study is focused on gesture recognition to mean socio-technological implication. Literature review on this issue reveals that movement of robots can be made efficient by introducing gesture-based collision avoidance techniques. Experimental results illustrated a high level of robustness and usability of the Gesture recognition (GR) system. The overall error rate is almost 10%. In our subjective judgment, we assume that GR system is very well-suited to instruct a mobile service robot to change its path on the instruction of human.
Epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and first report of blaVIM carbapenemases gene in calves from India
Authors: Murugan M. Senthil , Sinha D. K. , Vinodh Kumar O. R. , Yadav Ajay Kumar , Pruthvishree B. S. , Vadhana Prasanna , Nirupama K. R. , Bhardwaj Monika , Singh B. R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA cross-sectional study on six dairy farms was conducted to ascertain the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli in calves. Two-hundred and seventy-nine isolates of E. coli were recovered from 90 faecal samples from apparently healthy (45) and diarrhoeal (45) calves. The isolates were screened for phenotypic susceptibility to carbapenems and production of metallo β-lactamase, as well as five carbapenemase resistance genes by PCR, and overexpression of efflux pumps. Eighty-one isolates (29.03%) were resistant to at least one of three carbapenem antibiotics [meropenem (23.30%), imipenem (2.15%) and ertapenem (1.43%)], and one isolate was positive for the blaVIM gene which was located on an Incl1 plasmid of a novel sequence type (ST 297) by multilocus sequence typing. The majority (83.95%) of isolates had an active efflux pump. Calves housed on concrete floors were approximately seven times more likely to acquire meropenem-resistant isolates than those housed on earthen floors (95% CI 1.27–41.54). In India, carbapenem drugs are not used in food animal treatment, hence carbapenem-resistant strains in calves possibly originate from the natural environment or human contact and is of public health importance. To our knowledge, this is the first report of blaVIM carbapenemases gene in calves from India.
A systems-based human rights approach to a national food plan in the USA
Authors: Bellows Anne C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMolly Anderson's vision of making US federal food assistance rights-based is a powerful and strategic call for justice. Let us expand it to a call for human rights-based sustainable food system development at the national and local level. International human rights frameworks provide strategic and still-evolving tools to support social justice as well as experienced global networks and partners. To advance that potential, we need to fire up broad-scale human rights and human right to adequate food and nutrition education and training.
Shade avoidance cues reduceBeta vulgarisgrowth
Authors: Schambow Thomas J. , Adjesiwor Albert T. , Lorent Louise , Kniss Andrew R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractField and greenhouse experiments were conducted from 2013 to 2015 at the University of Wyoming to evaluate the response ofBeta vulgaris(L.) to reflected-light quality. Large-pail field studies included a factorial arrangement of three varieties ofB. vulgaris(sugar beet, table beet, and Swiss chard) and reflected-light treatments (using either colored plastic mulch, grass, or bare-soil controls). Greenhouse studies included sugar beet as influenced by either grass or soil surroundings. In all studies, grass was grown in separate containers fromB. vulgaris, so there was no root interaction. Grass was clipped regularly to prevent shading and competition for sunlight. Reflected light from different-colored plastic mulches (red, blue, green, black, clear) did not affectB. vulgarisgrowth. However, reflected light from the grass reduced the number of leaves in allB. vulgarisvarieties such that there were 10 to 14 fewer leaves inB. vulgarissurrounded by grass compared with the soil treatment at 90 d after planting in the field study. Shade avoidance cues from surrounding grass reducedB. vulgaristotal leaf area by 49% to 66%, leaf biomass by 21% to 30%, and root biomass by 70% to 72%. Similar results were observed in greenhouse experiments, where the grass treatment reduced sugar beet leaf biomass by 48% to 57% and root biomass by 35% to 64%. Shade avoidance cues have the potential to significantly reduceB. vulgarisyield, even in the absence of direct resource competition from weeds.
Intermediate‐Magnitude Postseismic Slip Follows Intermediate‐Magnitude (M4 to 5) Earthquakes in California
Authors: Alwahedi M. A. , Hawthorne J. C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe magnitude of postseismic slip is useful for constraining physical models of fault slip. Here we examine the postseismic slip following intermediate‐magnitude (M 4 to 5) earthquakes by systematically analyzing data from borehole strainmeters in central and northern California. We assess the noise in the data and identify 11 earthquakes that generated interpretable strain records. We estimate the earthquakes' postseismic to coseismic moment ratios by comparing the coseismic strain changes with strain changes induced by afterslip in the following 1.5 days. The median estimated postseismic moment is 0.45 times the coseismic moment, with a 90% confidence interval between 0.25 and 0.60. This postseismic moment is slightly larger than typically observed following large (M > 6) earthquakes but smaller than observed following small (M2 to 4) earthquakes. The intermediate‐magnitude postseismic slip suggests a size dependence in the dynamics of earthquakes or in the properties of fault areas that surround earthquakes.
Comment on “Nucleation of Mesospheric Cloud Particles: Sensitivities and Limits” by L. Megner
Authors: Megner L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn my article “Minimal impact on condensation nuclei properties on observable mesospheric ice properties” (Megner, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2010.08.006) I show that the observable bulk quantities of Noctilucent clouds are much less sensitive to the concentration of condensation nuclei than what previously has been believed. These results were challenged by Wilms et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021764), who studied the effect of nucleation rate on cloud properties and find a sensitivity. In this comment I argue that the differences between the studies are less than they first appear: Both studies show a very limited sensitivity to ice condensation nuclei, especially when there are more than roughly 100 condensation nuclei per cubic centimeter. Observations do indicate that under normal conditions, there are at least around 100 particles per cubic centimeter in the region of formation, and thus that we are in the insensitive regime.
On the Value of ENSO State for Urban Water Supply System Operators: Opportunities, Trade‐Offs, and Challenges
Authors: Libisch‐Lehner C. P. , Nguyen H. T. T. , Taormina R. , Nachtnebel H. P. , Galelli S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major driver of global hydro‐climatic variability, with well‐known effects on floods, droughts, and coupled human‐natural systems. Its impact on urban settlements depends on both level of exposure and preparedness; two factors that are responsible for severe cuts on millions of people in developing countries, where urban water supply relies almost entirely on rainfall‐dependent sources. To understand whether information on the ENSO state could help mitigate the effects of droughts, we use Metro Manila's water supply system as exemplifying case study, for which we design “traditional” and adaptive management policies. The former are based on information typically available to operators, such as reservoir storage; the latter complement such information with the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI)—an indicator used for monitoring El Niño and La Niña state. Results obtained by comparing the policy performance on a large set of stochastic streamflow and ONI replicates show that ENSO‐informed policies are more robust, meaning that they attain a minimum performance level across a broader set of replicates. We show that the primary cause of this behavior is the information on the ENSO state. To further quantify the value of the ONI, we then compare the performance of a representative ENSO‐informed policy and the system's current operating rules on the period 1968–2014. The comparison shows that the severe water supply restrictions caused by the existing management system could have been partially avoided through a sequence of smaller restrictions implemented at the onset of the main El Niño events.
Plasma Blobs Associated With Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances
Authors: Kil Hyosub , Paxton Larry J. , Jee Geonhwa , Nikoukar Romina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPlasma blobs represent plasma density enhancements with respect to ambient plasma. The formation of blobs in low and middle latitudes is understood in association with either equatorial plasma bubbles or medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs). This study reports four blob events identified from the Swarm satellite observations in 2014. Those blobs show the conjugate property and the alignment in the northwest‐southeast direction in the Northern Hemisphere and southwest‐northeast direction in the Southern Hemisphere. These are the typical characteristics of nighttime MSTIDs. The observation of MSTIDs in the total electron content maps and the absence of bubbles in the equatorial region at the times of the blob detection further support the association of those blobs with MSTIDs.
Resolving the individual contribution of key microbial populations to enhanced biological phosphorus removal with Raman–FISH
Authors: Fernando Eustace Y , McIlroy Simon Jon , Nierychlo Marta , Herbst Florian-Alexander , Petriglieri Francesca , Schmid Markus C , Wagner Michael , Nielsen Jeppe Lund , Nielsen Per Halkjær 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a globally important biotechnological process and relies on the massive accumulation of phosphate within special microorganisms. Candidatus Accumulibacter conform to the classical physiology model for polyphosphate accumulating organisms and are widely believed to be the most important player for the process in full-scale EBPR systems. However, it was impossible till now to quantify the contribution of specific microbial clades to EBPR. In this study, we have developed a new tool to directly link the identity of microbial cells to the absolute quantification of intracellular poly-P and other polymers under in situ conditions, and applied it to eight full-scale EBPR plants. Besides Ca. Accumulibacter, members of the genus Tetrasphaera were found to be important microbes for P accumulation, and in six plants they were the most important. As these Tetrasphaera cells did not exhibit the classical phenotype of poly-P accumulating microbes, our entire understanding of the microbiology of the EBPR process has to be revised. Furthermore, our new single-cell approach can now also be applied to quantify storage polymer dynamics in individual populations in situ in other ecosystems and might become a valuable tool for many environmental microbiologists.
Absence of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 or p18 increases efficiency of iPSC generation without induction of iPSC genomic instability
Authors: Zhan Zhiyan , Song Lili , Zhang Weiwei , Gu Haihui , Cheng Haizi , Zhang Yingwen , Yang Yi , Ji Guangzhen , Feng Haizhong , Cheng Tao , Li Yanxin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMechanisms underlying the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and keeping iPSC stability remain to be further defined. Accumulated evidences showed that iPSC reprogramming may be controlled by the cell-division-rate-dependent model. Here we reported effects of absence of mouse p27 or p18 on iPSC generation efficiency and genomic stability. Expression levels of cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors (CDKIs), p21, p27, and p18 decreased during iPSC reprogramming. Like p21 loss, p27 or p18 deficiency significantly promoted efficiency of iPSC generation, whereas ectopic expression of p27, p18, or treatment with CDK2 or CDK4 inhibitors repressed the reprogramming rate, suggesting that CDKIs-regulated iPSC reprogramming is directly related with their functions as CDK inhibitors. However, unlike p21 deletion, absence of p27 or p18 did not increase DNA damage or chromosomal aberrations during iPSC reprogramming and at iPSC stage. Our data not only support that cell cycle regulation is critical for iPSC reprogramming, but also reveal the distinction of CDKIs in somatic cell reprogramming.
Resveratrol inhibits decidualization by accelerating downregulation of the CRABP2-RAR pathway in differentiating human endometrial stromal cells
Authors: Ochiai Asako , Kuroda Keiji , Ozaki Rie , Ikemoto Yuko , Murakami Keisuke , Muter Joanne , Matsumoto Akemi , Itakura Atsuo , Brosens Jan J. , Takeda Satoru 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPregnancy critically depends on the transformation of the human endometrium into a decidual matrix that controls embryo implantation and placenta formation, a process driven foremost by differentiation and polarization of endometrial stromal cells into mature and senescent decidual cells. Perturbations in the decidual process underpin a spectrum of prevalent reproductive disorders, including implantation failure and early pregnancy loss, emphasizing the need for new therapeutic interventions. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol, widely used for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Using primary human endometrial stromal cell (HESC) cultures, we demonstrate that resveratrol has anti-deciduogenic properties, repressing not only the induction of the decidual marker genes PRL and IGFBP1 but also abrogating decidual senescence. Knockdown of Sirtuin 1, a histone deacetylase activated by resveratrol, restored the expression of IGFBP1 but not the induction of PRL or senescence markers in decidualizing HESCs, suggesting involvement of other pathways. We demonstrate that resveratrol interferes with the reprogramming of the retinoic acid signaling pathway in decidualizing HESCs by accelerating down-regulation of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABP2) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR). Notably, knockdown of CRABP2 or RAR in HESCs was sufficient to recapitulate the anti-deciduogenic effects of resveratrol. Thus, while resveratrol has been advanced as a potential fertility drug, our results indicate it may have detrimental effects on embryo implantation by interfering with decidual remodeling of the endometrium.
Features of and preventive measures against hypertension in the young
Authors: Kawabe Hiroshi , Azegami Tatsuhiko , Takeda Ayano , Kanda Takeshi , Saito Ikuo , Saruta Takao , Hirose Hiroshi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Japanese hypertension guidelines report that essential hypertension is detected in 1–3% of upper elementary and high school students during blood pressure (BP) screenings. Hypertension in these age groups is an emerging public health concern mainly attributed to the rising rate of pediatric obesity. Considering the existence of BP tracking phenomenon, early preventive education and instruction are necessary, especially for male students with moderately elevated BP showing a tendency toward obesity, despite the low prevalence of hypertension in high school students. Students with a positive family history of hypertension and those born with low birth weight need the same measures. Lifestyle habits, such as increased alcohol intake, dramatically change once students begin university; thus, early education and instruction regarding the factors influencing BP are necessary. In particular, for male students with higher BP during high school, caution regarding increased body weight is required irrespective of their level of obesity. Young adults aged <40 years should be educated about the association between body weight and hypertension. Particular caution surrounding lifestyle habits, including drinking and smoking, is warranted in male hypertensive subjects because hypertension at a young age is strongly associated with obesity. BP monitoring and the management of obesity should be considered efficient approaches to the detection and treatment of hypertension. For the lifetime prevention of hypertension, it is essential to be aware of one’s health status and learn about healthy lifestyles beginning in childhood. BP measurement may be an appropriate means to achieve this goal.
Cryo-EM structure of a light chain-derived amyloid fibril from a patient with systemic AL amyloidosis
Authors: Radamaker Lynn , Lin Yin-Hsi , Annamalai Karthikeyan , Huhn Stefanie , Hegenbart Ute , Schönland Stefan O. , Fritz Günter , Schmidt Matthias , Fändrich Marcus 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAmyloid fibrils derived from antibody light chains are key pathogenic agents in systemic AL amyloidosis. They can be deposited in multiple organs but cardiac amyloid is the major risk factor of mortality. Here we report the structure of a λ1 AL amyloid fibril from an explanted human heart at a resolution of 3.3 Å which we determined using cryo-electron microscopy. The fibril core consists of a 91-residue segment presenting an all-beta fold with ten mutagenic changes compared to the germ line. The conformation differs substantially from natively folded light chains: a rotational switch around the intramolecular disulphide bond being the crucial structural rearrangement underlying fibril formation. Our structure provides insight into the mechanism of protein misfolding and the role of patient-specific mutations in pathogenicity.