bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Health‐Promoting Behaviors Among South Korean Adults: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Kim Yoonjung , Chae Heemin , Kwak Yeun Hee , Kim Ji‐su 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the association between positive psychological capital, social support, illness attitudes toward COVID‐19, and health‐promoting behaviors in Korean adults.DesignAn online cross‐sectional study.SampleThe participants were 820 South Korean adults aged 19–64, recruited through quota sampling. The sample was census‐matched in terms of age and gender based on the Korean Population Census.MeasurementsThe participants completed measures assessing psychological capital, social support, illness attitude toward COVID‐19, and health‐promoting behaviors. The t‐test, one‐way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation, and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the data.ResultsParticipants who were religious, perceived themselves as physically healthy, had negative illness attitudes, had high positive psychological capital, and received high social support were more likely to engage in health‐promoting behaviors. These variables explained 44.5% of the participants’ health‐promoting behaviors.ConclusionsThis study is the first to examine illness attitudes toward COVID‐19 and health‐promoting behaviors among South Korean adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The results can pave the way for effective public health intervention strategies that consider religiosity, physical health status, illness attitude, and social support, to promote healthy living during future public health crises.
The phobic brain: Morphometric features correctly classify individuals with small animal phobia
Authors: Scarano Alessandro , Fumero Ascensión , Baggio Teresa , Rivero Francisco , Marrero Rosario J. , Olivares Teresa , Peñate Wenceslao , Álvarez‐Pérez Yolanda , Bethencourt Juan Manuel , Grecucci Alessandro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSpecific phobia represents an anxiety disorder category characterized by intense fear generated by specific stimuli. Among specific phobias, small animal phobia (SAP) denotes a particular condition that has been poorly investigated in the neuroscientific literature. Moreover, the few previous studies on this topic have mostly employed univariate analyses, with limited and unbalanced samples, leading to inconsistent results. To overcome these limitations, and to characterize the neural underpinnings of SAP, this study aims to develop a classification model of individuals with SAP based on gray matter features, by using a machine learning method known as the binary support vector machine. Moreover, the contribution of specific structural macro‐networks, such as the default mode, the salience, the executive, and the affective networks, in separating phobic subjects from controls was assessed. Thirty‐two subjects with SAP and 90 matched healthy controls were tested to this aim. At a whole‐brain level, we found a significant predictive model including brain structures related to emotional regulation, cognitive control, and sensory integration, such as the cerebellum, the temporal pole, the frontal cortex, temporal lobes, the amygdala and the thalamus. Instead, when considering macro‐networks analysis, we found the Default, the Affective, and partially the Central Executive and the Sensorimotor networks, to significantly outperform the other networks in classifying SAP individuals. In conclusion, this study expands knowledge about the neural basis of SAP, proposing new research directions and potential diagnostic strategies.
Diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in adults: A position statement from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Barnes Hayley , Corte Tamera J. , Keir Gregory , Khor Yet H. , Limaye Sandhya , Wrobel Jeremy P. , Veitch Elizabeth , Harrington John , Dowman Leona , Beckert Lutz , Milne David , De Losa Rebekah , Cooper Wendy A. , Bell Peter T. , Balakrishnan Pradeep , Troy Lauren K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immune‐mediated interstitial lung disease (ILD) relating to specific occupational, environmental or medication exposures. Disease behaviour is influenced by the nature of exposure and the host response, with varying degrees of lung inflammation and fibrosis seen within individuals. The differentiation of HP from other ILDs is important due to distinct causes, pathophysiology, prognosis and management implications. This Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand (TSANZ) position statement aims to provide an up‐to‐date summary of the evidence for clinicians relating to the diagnosis and management of HP in adults, in the Australian and New Zealand context. This document highlights recent relevant findings and gaps in the literature for which further research is required.image
The economics of gender norms
Authors: Lundberg Shelly 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn important dimension of social norms in any society are rules that describe and regulate the expected behavior, appearance, and demeanor of men and women. In this paper, I offer a short survey of how gender norms have been introduced and used in economics, what we know about how they are formed and transmitted and how they persist or change, and then consider how we might incorporate norms into economists’ perennial concerns about policy.
Establishment and Application of a Multiplex PCR NGS Method for the Genotyping of HLA‐Class I and HPA
Authors: He Yanmin , Wang Fang , Wu Zhipan , Zhang Wei , Zhu Faming 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSelecting compatible HLA‐Class I and/or HPA platelets based on genotyping could alleviate immune platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR). A fast and reliable method of HLA‐Class I and HPA genotyping is necessary to construct a platelet donor bank with known HLA‐Class I and HPA genotypes. Ten pairs of specific primers for HLA‐A, HLA‐B, HLA‐C, HPA‐1 through HPA‐6w, HPA‐15 and HPA‐21w were designed. The appropriate fragments were optimised for amplification in a single multiplex reaction. After a cleanup step using paramagnetic beads, the amplicon library was prepared and sequenced. To validate the accuracy of the developed method, commercial NGS kits for the genotyping of HLA‐A, HLA‐B and HLA‐C and the TaqMan real‐time PCR method in‐house for the genotyping of HPA‐1 through HPA‐6w, HPA‐15 and HPA‐21w were used to detect all the specimens in parallel. A total of 386 specimens were detected and the results of genotyping HLA‐A, HLA‐B, HLA‐C and HPA‐1 through HPA‐6w, HPA‐15 and HPA‐21w were obtained simultaneously, which is 100% consistent between the two methods. Four new HLA alleles, HLA‐A*11:451, HLA‐A*30:01:26, HLA‐B*39:201 and HLA‐B*40:538, were also reconfirmed. Two novel SNVs, c.2671C > T and c.2681T > G, in the coding region of ITGA2B were detected, all of which are heterozygous in individuals. A novel NGS method based on multiplex PCR was established to detect HLA‐Class I and HPA simultaneously, which is high‐throughput, rapid and accurate and could be applied to build a platelet donor bank.
The Novel HLA‐B*15:693 Allele Identified by Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Davies Olivia S. E. , Konzett Nicola , Prantl Livia , Siller Anita , Vales Anja 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe novel allele HLA‐B*15:693 has 5 nucleotide differences compared with HLA‐B*15:18:07.
Characterisation of the Novel HLA‐A*02:406 Allele by Sequencing‐Based Typing in a Chinese Individual
Authors: Li Jian‐Ping , Wei Ying‐Dong , Li Xiao‐Feng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTHLA‐A*02:406 differs from HLA‐A*02:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 116 in exon 3.
Chained Spatial Beam Adomian Decomposition Model: A Novel Model of Flexible Slender Beams for Large Spatial Deflections
Authors: Chen Yuhan , Chen Guimin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The main element of compliant mechanisms and continuum robots is flexible slender beams. However, the modeling of beams can be complicated due to the geometric nonlinearity becoming significant at large elastic deflections. This paper presents an explicit nonlinear model called the spatial beam Adomian decomposition model (SBADM) for intermediate spatial deflections of a slender beam with uniform, bisymmetric sections subjected to general end-loading. Specifically, the elongation, bending, torsion, and shear deformations of the beams are modeled based on Timoshenko’s assumptions and Cosserat rod theory. Then, the quaternion transformation and Adomian decomposition are used to solve the nonlinear governing differential equations for the beam by truncating the higher-order terms, yielding an explicit expression for spatially deflected beams within intermediate deflection ranges. Simulations demonstrate the accuracy and time-wise efficiency of the SBADM, as well as its advantages over the state-of-the-art. In addition, this paper also introduces a discretization-based scheme called the chained SBADM (CSBADM) for large spatial deflections of flexible beams. Real-world experiments with two different configurations have also been performed to validate the effectiveness of the CSBADM. The results indicate that the CSBADM can accurately calculate the load–displacement relations for large deformed beams.
Design and Kinematic Analysis of a Novel Series-Parallel Hybrid Finger for Robotic Hands
Authors: Zaw Thiha , Mahalingam Dasharadhan , Baiata Nicholas , Patankar Aditya , Chakraborty Nilanjan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel three-degree-of-freedom (3-DoF) series-parallel hybrid mechanism for a robotic finger that is capable of abduction/adduction and flexion/extension. The series-parallel fingers proposed in the literature have either less than 3-DoF or the fingertip motion which cannot be controlled, since they are difficult to analyze kinematically. We present the complete position kinematics and differential kinematics of our proposed finger mechanism and show through simulation examples that the fingertip can be kinematically controlled to follow a given path. Both position control and velocity control capabilities are demonstrated.
Optimization of Tip Seal Grooves for Aerodynamic and Durability Improvements of Small-Core Turbines
Authors: Wiese Connor J. , Berdanier Reid A. , Thole Karen A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
While the clearance gap between the turbine rotor tip and the outer case in a gas turbine engine is necessary for the operation of the machine, the gap is kept as small as possible due to the detrimental effect of the flow over the turbine tip. With the increased investments in ultra-high-bypass ratio gas turbines, blade tip clearances are increasing in relative size to the turbine rotor, as engines move toward smaller core sizes. In this work, a constrained topology optimization of a rotor tip seal with discrete axisymmetric grooves was explored computationally using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations. The differential-evolution-based optimization was applied at two tip clearances representing a nominal and small-core scaled geometry. Furthermore, optimizations were performed at each tip clearance for blade designs with flat and squealer tips. The multi-objective optimization was designed to simultaneously maximize rotor efficiency and minimize rotor tip heat load. Several tip seal designs were identified for each tip geometry and tip gap that both increased aerodynamic efficiency and reduced the total heat load into the rotor tip. However, some optimal tip seal designs were composed of grooves that were demonstrated to be detrimental in prior work. Furthermore, grooves were more effective at increasing aerodynamic efficiency when applied to flat tipped geometries—increasing the estimated rotor efficiency by up to 0.9 points over the ungrooved seal baseline with flat tipped blades, as opposed to 0.25 points of improvement over the ungrooved case with squealer-tipped blades. Finally, for both tip configurations, optimal seal geometries that were obtained from the small-core scaled clearance gap optimizations generally maintained near optimal performance when evaluated at the design tip clearance, while those geometries developed at the design clearance experienced greater sensitivity to clearance gap changes.
Heat Transfer Enhancement in Pulsating Flows: A Bayesian Approach to Experimental Correlations
Authors: Ignuta-Ciuncanu Matei C. , Noon Chris , Martinez-Botas Ricardo F. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This research focuses on improving the modeling of heat transfer effects in pulsating exhaust flows. We address the challenges of understanding oscillating flow by employing the Metropolis–Hastings Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling method for parameter estimation, accounting for measurement uncertainties. The knowledge can be applied to waste heat from reciprocating devices, pulsating turbocharger performance, and flow fields with significant cyclic variations. We demonstrate the feasibility of characterizing heat transfer capacity in pulsating flows using Bayesian inference and polynomial regression for experimental data correlation. This methodology is furthermore applied to identify heat transfer patterns in cold gas flow through a heated pipe across a range of mass flowrates and pulsating frequencies. To achieve this, the thermal performance variations across the length of the pipe through temperature and pressure changes are quantified. The model developed exhibits robust performance and high data efficiency (R2∈[0.83,0.89]) and notable extrapolation capacity in predicting mean heat transfer behavior based on boundary measurements. The results address the lack of experimental insights into pulsating flows encountered in heavy-duty transport applications and can be extended for heat recovery in systems such as exhaust manifolds and organic Rankine cycle gas turbines.
Loss Breakdown in Axial Turbines: A New Method for Vortex Loss and Wake Detection From 3D RANS Simulations
Authors: Raina Greta , Bousquet Yannick , Luquet David , Lippinois Eric , Binder Nicolas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To enhance turbine efficiency, it is essential to mitigate the loss generated by irreversible phenomena taking place in turbine flows, including boundary layers, shock waves, vortices, and trailing edge wakes. A fast and accurate detection of losses is therefore crucial from the earliest stages of turbine design, in which reduced order models based on oversimplified correlations are employed. Achieving this objective requires a deep comprehension of the physics behind each loss-generating mechanism, a goal attainable through the examination of the 3D flow. While existing criteria allow the identification of various phenomena, accurately quantifying losses generated by vortices remains a challenge: these losses frequently extend beyond the vortical structure. The aim of this paper is to provide a straightforward and effective approach to localize and assess vortex-related losses. This method is grounded in Zlatinov’s decomposition of the entropy generation rate equation into a streamwise and a secondary flow component. A criterion based on the vortex kinematics is used to evaluate the strength of the vortex, thereby enabling the determination of its spatial influence and its contribution to the overall losses. To validate the method, a post-processing code is developed which allows to perform loss breakdown. This tool makes use of existing identification criteria and some new techniques introduced within this work, especially for wake detection. 3D Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations are carried out on several configurations, ranging from simple curved ducts to more realistic nozzle guide vanes, to gradually test and validate the computational tool. Results confirm that the highest rates of entropy generation occur outside of the vortical structure, and show good ability to identify both the vortex shape and its area of influence in terms of losses. A drastic improvement in the prediction of vortex losses is especially observed in the case of turbine blades with tip or hub leakage vortices.
Experimental Investigation of Biofouled Ship Control Surface Performance
Authors: Laun Alexander 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Marine biofouling threatens ship safety by causing unexpected control surface performance. To explore these adverse biofouling effects, this paper presents the results of wind tunnel testing using a model-scale, low aspect ratio NACA 0018 control surface. Simulated calcareous biofouling was introduced as coarse-grit sandpaper, and, uniquely, roughness locations and sandpaper grits were varied to better understand any resulting degradation in hydrodynamic performance. Direct experimentation at high (turbulent) chord Reynolds number values suggests that leading-edge (LE) roughness with 36-grit sandpaper results in worst-case performance, with the control surface's average lift-to-drag ratio reduced by 63%. Additional findings are presented, and recommendations for future experimental work are also provided.
Rapid Prototyping of Multiscale Flexible Printed Circuit Boards With NeXus, a Robotic Additive Manufacturing System
Authors: Sills Daniel T. , Sherehiy Andriy , Zhang Ruoshi , Jackson Douglas , Reynolds Henry , Ratanayake Dilan , Caid Cassidy , Popa Dan O. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper demonstrates the NeXus system, a multiscale robotic additive manufacturing platform developed at the Louisville Automation and Robotics Research Institute, as a rapid prototyping tool through additively manufacturing a multilayer flexible printed circuit board (FPC) with a printed strain sensor and soldered surface mounted devices (SMD). Manufacturing of the demonstrator requires the application and curing of multiple materials with specialized properties, tools for automated assembly, and software advances to streamline the process enabling the use of industry-standardized programs to command the NeXus system. Additive manufacturing processes supported by the NeXus include aerosol jet printing (AJP) for fine feature silver conducting lines, direct write ink-jet printing for insulating materials, and intense pulsed light (IPL) for curing materials between depositions. The NeXus system transports and manipulates parts using a six-degree-of-freedom (DOF) high-precision positioner. Solder paste deposition and pick-and-place (PnP) procedures are performed by a 4DOF Selective Compliance Articulated Robot Arm (SCARA). Conversion methods between traditional printed circuit board (PCB) design software and production-ready command scripts were developed to translate basic drawings into command scripts. Multilayer structures with AJP 50-μm wide lines, an insulating bridge with a thickness of around 100 μm, and SMDs soldered to silver AJP pads were integrated within the demonstrator. An operational amplifier and other SMDs reduce the complexity of the accompanying control circuit and amplify the sensor's response by 1830 times. The successful fabrication of the demonstrator FPC highlights the rapid prototyping ability of the NeXus system.
Assessment of Conical Solar Stills Empowered by N-Replicated Partially Shaded PVT-CPC Collectors: Unveiling Exergo-Enviro-Economic Dynamics, Productivity, and Cogeneration Efficiency
Authors: Kumar Nandan , Tiwari Sumit , Singh Desh Bandhu , Saxena Abhishek , Harender Sinhmar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The economic and environmental dimensions play a pivotal role in evaluating solar still systems. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance, efficiency, and viability of conical solar still integrated with multiple identical photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic collector (PVT-CPC) through comprehensive analyses of cogeneration efficiency, exergo-economic and enviro-economic factors, and productivity metrics. The results of this study were obtained through matlab programming, enabling accurate and detailed computations. The model has been validated at N = 0 and N = 1, showing strong correlation results: 0.96 and 0.97 for water temperature, 0.99 for yield in both cases, and 0.99 and 0.98 for glass temperature. The system has achieved a total carbon emissions mitigation of 108.29 tCO2 based on energy and 12.44 tCO2 based on exergy while recording an annual yield of 2199.61 kg. The annual cogeneration efficiency, exergo-economic parameter, enviro-economic parameter, and annual productivity are 38.96%, 31.98 kWh/$, $1570.20, and 244.68%, respectively. Furthermore, the obtained results have been compared with prior research and concluded that the exergo-economic and enviro-economic parameters for the proposed system are increased by 93.54% than the solar still with water-cooled condensing surface and 94.71% than solar still containing partially coated condensing cover with thermoelectric cooling.
Influence of Cryogenic Treatment and Tempering Temperature on Microstructural Evolution and Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of AISI D3 Cold-Work Tool Steel
Authors: Boztepe Alican , Gecu Ridvan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
AISI D3 cold-work steel was shallow and deep cryogenically treated and double-tempered at 150, 250, and 350 °C temperatures. Cryogenic processes transformed the retained austenite into martensite, while double tempering produced Fe-, Cr-, and W-rich carbides. The wear losses of cryogenically treated specimens decreased by up to 60% compared to conventionally heat-treated samples. Worn surfaces mainly experienced abrasive and adhesive wear mechanisms. Due to the formation of homogeneously dispersed fine carbides at 250 °C, oxidative wear occurred at the matrix phase, resulting in the lowest wear rate. The samples tempered at 150 °C suffered from the severe abrasive action of hard carbide particles, while the samples treated at 350 °C failed because of carbide coarsening.
Motivational Predictors of Schoolchildren’s Moods in a Recess Intervention
Authors: Méndez-Giménez Antonio , García-Rodríguez Iván 
Published: October 2024

Recess provides an opportunity to promote physical activity among schoolchildren. There is limited research on the effects of specific recess interventions, such as moveable equipment, physical structures, or painting playground, on motivational and affective-emotional variables. The study investigated the impact of a recess intervention based on children’s play using their own self-made materials. The researchers examined how this intervention affected basic psychological needs (including novelty), motivational regulations, self-determination index (SDI), and mood states, such as fear, happiness, sadness, and anger in 219 schoolchildren from third to sixth grade. The multivariate analysis of variance and univariate analyses found a decrease in identified, introjected, and external regulations, amotivation, and fear and an increase in SDI by grade. Boys scored higher on autonomy, competence, external regulation, and anger while girls scored higher on happiness. SDI and novelty were predictors of happiness in boys while relatedness was the main predictor for girls. Relatedness negatively predicted anger in boys. SDI negatively predicted fear and sadness in both genders. These findings suggest that recess interventions should consider motivational and emotional differences by grade and gender to promote physical activity and well-being in schoolchildren.