bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does What Goes up Also Come Down? Using a Recruitment Model to Balance Alewife Nutrient Import and Export
Authors: Barber Betsy L. , Gibson A. Jamie , O'Malley Andrew J. , Zydlewski Joseph 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Migrating adult Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus are a source of marine-derived nutrients on the East Coast of North America, importing nitrogen and phosphorus into freshwater habitats. Juvenile migrants subsequently transport freshwater-derived nutrients into the ocean. We developed a deterministic model to explore the theoretical nutrient dynamics of Alewife migrations at differing spawner abundances. Net nutrient balance was calculated relative to these abundances along the spawner–recruit curve. The ecological consequences of these subsidies in a particular watershed depend on the magnitude of adult escapement relative to the habitat's carrying capacity for juveniles. At low escapement levels and assuming complete habitat access, the number of recruits produced per spawner was high and juvenile nutrient export dominated. At high escapement levels, fewer recruits were produced per spawner because recruitment is density dependent. As a result, adult nutrient import dominated. At varying levels of freshwater productivity and fisheries mortality for upstream spawners, this trend remained the same while the magnitude of the endpoints changed. Productivity level was the major determinant of export, while fisheries mortality had the strongest effect on adult import. The dynamics of this nutrient trade-off are important for managers to consider as a recovering population will likely shift from net export to net import as escapement increases. This transition will be sensitive to both harvest rates and to fish passage efficacy at dams and other barriers.
Personalized Cardio‐Metabolic Responses to an Anti‐Inflammatory Nutrition Intervention in Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: McMorrow Aoibheann M. , Connaughton Ruth M. , Magalhães Tiago R. , McGillicuddy Fiona C. , Hughes Maria F. , Cheishvili David , Morine Melissa J. , Ennis Sean , Healy Marie‐Louise , Roche Edna F. , Tremblay Richard E. , Szyf Moshe , Lithander Fiona E. , Roche Helen M. 
Published: April 2018

ScopeChronic inflammation and hypoadiponectinemia are characteristics of obesity‐induced insulin resistance (IR). The effect of an anti‐inflammatory nutrition supplement (AINS) on IR and adiponectin biology in overweight adolescents was investigated. The secondary objective was to examine the extent to which individuals’ biomarker profiles, derived from baseline phenotypes, predicted response or not to the AINS. Additionally, the impact of DNA methylation on intervention efficacy was assessed.Methods and resultsSeventy overweight adolescents (13–18 years) were recruited to this randomized controlled crossover trial. Participants received an AINS (long chain n‐3 PUFA, vitamin C, α‐tocopherol, green tea extract, and lycopene) and placebo for 8 weeks each. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)‐IR, adiponectin, inflammatory profiles, and DNA methylation were assessed. HOMA‐IR was unchanged in the total cohort. High‐molecular‐weight (HMW) adiponectin was maintained following the AINS while it decreased over time following the placebo intervention. HOMA‐IR decreased in 40% of subjects (responders) following the AINS. Responders’ pretreatment phenotype was characterized by higher HOMA‐IR, total and LDL cholesterol, but similar BMI in comparison to nonresponders. HMW adiponectin response to the AINS was associated with bidirectional modulation of adipogenic gene methylation.ConclusionThe AINS modulated adiponectin biology, an early predictor of type 2 diabetes risk, was associated with bidirectional modulation of adipogenic gene methylation in weight‐stable overweight adolescents. HOMA‐IR decreased in a sub‐cohort of adolescents with an adverse metabolic phenotype. Thus, suggesting that more stratified or personalized nutrition approaches may enhance efficacy of dietary interventions.
Technical Note: A deep learning‐based autosegmentation of rectal tumors in MR images
Authors: Wang Jiazhou , Lu Jiayu , Qin Gan , Shen Lijun , Sun Yiqun , Ying Hongmei , Zhang Zhen , Hu Weigang 
Published: April 2018

PurposeManual contouring of gross tumor volumes (GTV) is a crucial and time‐consuming process in rectum cancer radiotherapy. This study aims to develop a simple deep learning‐based autosegmentation algorithm to segment rectal tumors on T2‐weighted MR images.Material and methodsMRI scans (3T, T2‐weighted) of 93 patients with locally advanced (cT3‐4 and/or cN1‐2) rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery were enrolled in this study. A 2D U‐net similar network was established as a training model. The model was trained in two phases to increase efficiency. These phases were tumor recognition and tumor segmentation. An opening (erosion and dilation) process was implemented to smooth contours after segmentation. Data were randomly separated into training (90%) and validation (10%) datasets for a 10‐folder cross‐validation. Additionally, 20 patients were double contoured for performance evaluation. Four indices were calculated to evaluate the similarity of automated and manual segmentation, including Hausdorff distance (HD), average surface distance (ASD), Dice index (DSC), and Jaccard index (JSC).ResultsThe DSC, JSC, HD, and ASD (mean ± SD) were 0.74 ± 0.14, 0.60 ± 0.16, 20.44 ± 13.35, and 3.25 ± 1.69 mm for validation dataset; and these indices were 0.71 ± 0.13, 0.57 ± 0.15, 14.91 ± 7.62, and 2.67 ± 1.46 mm between two human radiation oncologists, respectively. No significant difference has been observed between automated segmentation and manual segmentation considering DSC (P = 0.42), JSC (P = 0.35), HD (P = 0.079), and ASD (P = 0.16). However, significant difference was found for HD (P = 0.0027) without opening process.ConclusionThis study showed that a simple deep learning neural network can perform segmentation for rectum cancer based on MRI T2 images with results comparable to a human.
Performance of new 400‐MHz HTS power‐driven magnet NMR technology on typical pharmaceutical API, cinacalcet HCl
Authors: Silva Elipe Maria Victoria , Donovan Neil , Krull Robert , Pooke Donald , Colson Kimberly L. 
Published: April 2018

After years towards higher field strength magnets, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology in commercial instruments in the past decade has expanded at low and high magnetic fields to take advantage of new opportunities. At lower field strengths, permanent magnets are well established, whereas for midrange and high field, developments utilize superconducting magnets cooled with cryogenic liquids. Recently, the desire to locate NMR spectrometers in nontypical NMR laboratories has created interest in the development of cryogen‐free magnets. These magnets require no cryogenic maintenance, eliminating routine filling and large cryogen dewars in the facility. Risks of spontaneous quenches and safety concerns when working with cryogenic liquids are eliminated. The highest field commercially available cryogen‐free NMR magnet previously reported was at 4.7 T in 2013. Here we tested a prototype cryogen‐free 9.4‐T power‐driven high‐temperature‐superconducting (HTS) magnet mated to commercial NMR spectrometer electronics. We chose cinacalcet HCl, a typical active pharmaceutical ingredient, to evaluate its performance towards structure elucidation. Satisfactory standard 1D and 2D homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR results were obtained and compared with those from a standard 9.4‐T cryogenically cooled superconducting NMR instrument. The results were similar between both systems with minor differences. Further comparison with different shims and probes in the HTS magnet system confirmed that the magnet homogeneity profile could be matched with commercially available NMR equipment for optimal results. We conclude that HTS magnet technology works well providing results comparable with those of standard instruments, leading us to investigate additional applications for this magnet technology outside a traditional NMR facility.
Monitoring Microgel Synthesis by Copolymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide and N‐vinylcaprolactam via In‐Line Raman Spectroscopy and Indirect Hard Modeling
Authors: Meyer‐Kirschner Julian , Kather Michael , Ksiazkiewicz Agnieszka , Pich Andrij , Mitsos Alexander , Viell Joern 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFunctionalized microgels are typically based on structured copolymers, whose synthesis necessitates knowledge of interactions between different monomer units. This contribution presents in‐line Raman and turbidity monitoring of copolymer microgels based on monomers N‐vinylcaprolactam (VCL) and N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM). During reaction, in‐line Raman spectra are evaluated via multivariate indirect hard modeling (IHM) regression, utilizing pure component models based on parameterized peak functions. To account for variation in Raman baseline intensity, the linear IHM baseline is replaced by a curved baseline, resulting in calibration R² above 0.98 and root‐mean‐squared errors of cross‐validation below 0.12 wt%. Spectra taken in‐line during microgel syntheses reveal NIPAM to react slower than VCL in homopolymerization, but faster than VCL in copolymerization. This effect can be used for synthesis of functional microgels, that is, with tunable volume phase transition temperature. This effect is not visible from turbidity measurements, demonstrating the advantage of in‐line Raman monitoring of chemical components in polymerization processes.
Evaluating Changes in Handgrip Strength in Children With Cystic Fibrosis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gibson Hannah T. , McDonald Catherine M. , Derrick Jennifer Willahan , Eggett Dennis L. , Bellini Sarah Gunnell 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundBody mass index (BMI) is used to determine nutrition status in children with cystic fibrosis (CF); however, lean body mass (LBM) is more strongly associated with pulmonary function. Handgrip strength (HGS) measures muscle function and is reflective of LBM. The aims of this study were to assess relationships among HGS, nutrition status, and pulmonary function; changes in HGS posthospitalization; and any relationship between HGS and nutrient intake.MethodsTwenty‐three children with CF aged 6–18 years participated. BMI z scores, nutrition risk scores, and pulmonary function were assessed about 5 months before, days 5–7 of hospitalization, and about 6 weeks posthospitalization. HGS z scores and arm anthropometrics were measured during and after hospitalization. Nutrient intakes were assessed during hospitalization.ResultsMean HGS z score at hospitalization was −1.95 ± 0.92 and posthospitalization was −1.59 ± 1.06 (P = .007). Mean BMI z score prehospitalization was −0.17 ± 0.63, at hospitalization was −0.09 ± 0.64, and posthospitalization was 0.06 ± 0.54 (P = .065). Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) prehospitalization was 93.52 ± 17.35, at hospitalization was 85.65 ± 21.57, and posthospitalization was 95.63 ± 18.18 (P = .001). No significant relationship was found between HGS z scores and BMI z scores (P = .892) or HGS z scores and FEV1 (P = .340).ConclusionsHGS z scores and FEV1 significantly increased at follow‐up. HGS z scores were lower than the standard even though mean BMI z scores classified participants as normal nutrition status.
First evidence of elongated styloid process in two female archaeological individuals from Córdoba hills, Argentina (late Holocene)
Authors: Salega Soledad , Fabra Mariana 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe elongation of the styloid process is rarely reported in archaeological contexts. Thus, the aim of this work is to present 2 individuals dated by AMS in late Holocene from the hills region of Córdoba province (Argentina). Two female adults from Loteo 5 and Loma Bola sites presented elongated styloid processes, as well as a lack of development of one of them. This is the first time the condition is detected in archaeological individuals in Argentina.
Low temperature splinting activity and catalytic behavior of nano Ag doped sulphamicacid bridged diblock copolymer
Authors: Anbarasan R. , Jeyapriya M. , Meenarathi B. , Tung Kuo‐Lun 
Published: April 2018

A novel silver nanoparticle doped diblock copolymer was synthesized by a 3‐step process via bulk polymerization process under nitrogen atmosphere. The above prepared polymer is characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, fluorescence emission spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), HRTEM, and FESEM. The sulphamicacid end capped poly(ε‐caprolactone) (P1) system exhibited higher tensile strength than the sulphamicacid bridged diblock copolymer (P2) and nano Ag doped sulphamicacid bridged diblock copolymer (P3) systems. The splinting activity of the diblock copolymers was tested and confirmed the low temperature splinting activity of the diblock copolymer. The Ag nanoparticle catalyzed catalytic reduction of p‐nitrophenol (NiP) was tested, and the apparent rate constant (kapp) was determined as 7.36 × 10−3 sec−1. The thermal studies were carried out by DSC and TGA methods. The TGA study declared that the P1 system has higher degradation temperature than the P2 and P3 systems. The P1 system has higher melting temperature (Tm) (75.5°C) than the P2 and P3 systems. The CD study indicated that the conformation of sulphamicacid was not changed even after the formation of nano Ag doped sulphamicacid bridged diblock copolymer.
Positive predictive value of a register‐based algorithm using the Danish National Registries to identify suicidal events
Authors: Gasse Christiane , Danielsen Andreas Aalkjær , Pedersen Marianne Giørtz , Pedersen Carsten Bøcker , Mors Ole , Christensen Jakob 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeIt is not possible to fully assess intention of self‐harm and suicidal events using information from administrative databases. We conducted a validation study of intention of suicide attempts/self‐harm contacts identified by a commonly applied Danish register‐based algorithm (DK‐algorithm) based on hospital discharge diagnosis and emergency room contacts.MethodsOf all 101 530 people identified with an incident suicide attempt/self‐harm contact at Danish hospitals between 1995 and 2012 using the DK‐algorithm, we selected a random sample of 475 people. We validated the DK‐algorithm against medical records applying the definitions and terminology of the Columbia Classification Algorithm of Suicide Assessment of suicidal events, nonsuicidal events, and indeterminate or potentially suicidal events. We calculated positive predictive values (PPVs) of the DK‐algorithm to identify suicidal events overall, by gender, age groups, and calendar time.ResultsWe retrieved medical records for 357 (75%) people. The PPV of the DK‐algorithm to identify suicidal events was 51.5% (95% CI: 46.4‐56.7) overall, 42.7% (95% CI: 35.2‐50.5) in males, and 58.5% (95% CI: 51.6‐65.1) in females. The PPV varied further across age groups and calendar time. After excluding cases identified via the DK‐algorithm by unspecific codes of intoxications and injury, the PPV improved slightly (56.8% [95% CI: 50.0‐63.4]).ConclusionsThe DK‐algorithm can reliably identify self‐harm with suicidal intention in 52% of the identified cases of suicide attempts/self‐harm. The PPVs could be used for quantitative bias analysis and implemented as weights in future studies to estimate the proportion of suicidal events among cases identified via the DK‐algorithm.
A review of studies evaluating the effectiveness of risk minimisation measures in Europe using the European Union electronic Register of Post‐Authorization Studies
Authors: Vora Pareen , Artime Esther , Soriano‐Gabarró Montse , Qizilbash Nawab , Singh Vineet , Asiimwe Alex 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeAn important element of risk management is the planning and implementation of risk minimisation measures (RMMs) and the evaluation of their effectiveness by process or outcome indicators. The aim of this review is to summarize the characteristics of risk minimisation (RM) effectiveness studies in Europe and provide an overview of RMMs and their effectiveness.MethodsThis was a qualitative review of RM effectiveness studies in the European Union electronic Register of Post‐Authorization Studies (EU PAS Register); data extracted included study design, population, sample size, data sources, drug information, RMMs, study period, indicators, and their reported effectiveness.ResultsOf the 872 records in the EU PAS Register, 19 studies evaluating the effectiveness of RMMs were included. Eleven were cross‐sectional surveys and 8 used secondary data sources. Eighty‐nine percent (17/19) evaluated additional RMMs (used when routine RMMs are considered insufficient), and 36% (7/19) evaluated changes in routine RMMs (applicable to all medicinal products). A total of 42 effectiveness indicators were identified: 18 process and 24 outcomes. Half of the indicators (21/42) were successful; 2% (1/42) indicators were partially successful; 17% (7/42) indicators were inconclusive. Effectiveness of the remaining 31% (13/42) indicators could not be determined owing to limited information. The United Kingdom was the most frequent country for the conduct of RM effectiveness studies.ConclusionsMost of the included studies evaluated additional RMMs. Half of the effectiveness indicators (process and/or outcome) were reported as successful. This review provides evidence to support the development of future guidance on the effectiveness of RM in Europe.
Safety and Feasibility of Outpatient Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin Induction Therapy Administration in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Varga Alexandra N. , Johnson David , Sawinski Deirdre L. , Lim Mary Ann , Bloom Roy D. , Abt Peter L. , Goral Simin , Bleicher Melissa , Levine Matthew H. , Naji Ali , Nazarian Susanna , Porrett Paige , Trofe‐Clark Jennifer 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundKidney transplant induction therapy often includes inpatient administration of rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) over multiple days. To reduce hospital length of stay (LOS) and drug expenditures, the rATG induction course was completed in the outpatient setting via peripheral intravenous administration. The present study assesses early readmission trends ascribable to an outpatient rATG administration protocol to ensure initial reduction in hospital LOS is sustained early after discharge.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of kidney recipient outcomes for patients transplanted between January 1, 2008, and February 29, 2016, immediately following implementation of an outpatient rATG protocol. Readmission data within 7 days of outpatient rATG administration were collected. The relatedness of rATG administration to an adverse drug reaction resulting in readmission was determined by the World Health Organization‐Uppsala Monitoring Centre Causality Assessment Scale and the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale.ResultsA total of 1104 patients received outpatient doses of rATG and were included. An upward trend in kidney transplant volume and outpatient rATG administrations per year was found from 2008–2015. Following protocol implementation, the percentage of overall readmissions ranged from 9% to just over 12% from 2008–2014 and remained less than 10% for 2014 through 2016. The percentage of outpatient rATG infusions that potentially led to rATG‐related readmissions was less than 4% per year over the study period. A total of 1124 hospital days were saved, 125 days per year on average.ConclusionsOutpatient administration of rATG is feasible, safe, and did not increase readmissions in the period directly following administration. The findings of this analysis support our continued use of the outpatient rATG protocol at our institution.
Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of new D‐A copolymers based on 5,6‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)naphtha[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene‐2,9‐diyl] donor and fluorine substituted 6,7‐bis(9,9‐didodecyl‐9h‐fluoren‐2‐yl)[1,2,5] thiadiazolo[3,4‐g]quinoxaline acceptor units
Authors: Keshtov Mukhamed L. , Konstantinov Igor O. , Kuklin Sergei A. , Khokhlov Alexei R. , Nekrasova Natalia V. , Xie Zhi‐Yuan , Koukaras Emmanuel N. , Sharma Ganesh D. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTTwo low band gap D‐A copolymers 5,6‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)naphtha[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene‐2,9‐diyl] donor and without (P1) and with (P2) fluorine substituted 6,7‐bis(9,9‐didodecyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐g]quinoxaline were synthesized and their optical and electrochemical properties were investigated. These copolymers were employed as donor along with PC71BM as acceptor for the fabrication of solution processed bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. After the optimization of the active layer, that is, different donor‐to‐acceptor weight ratios and concentration of DIO solvent additive, the resultant polymer solar cells showed overall PCE of 5.44% and 8.14% for P1 and P2, respectively, with low voltage loss of 0.40 eV. The higher value of power conversion efficiency of P2 based polymer solar cells as compared to P1 counterparts, my be related to the deeper highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of P2, higher hole mobility, balanced charge transport, suppressed bimolecular recombination and small π‐π stacking distance and higher crystallinity of P2:PC71BM active layer. Although the dipole moment of P2 is slightly lower than P1, the enhanced values of power conversion efficiency of P2 may be related to improve stacking. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1297–1307
Anion conducting multiblock copolymers with different tethered cations
Authors: Liu Lisha , Kohl Paul A. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTA multiblock copoly(arylene ether) polymer was used to quantitatively compare the ion conducting channels formed by three different, tethered cation head‐groups. The synthesis allowed for the formation of an exact number of tethers on each repeat unit. Three head‐groups, quaternary trimethylammonium (TMA), quinuclidium (ABCO), and tris(2,4,6‐trimethoxyphenyl)phosphonium (TTMPP) cation head‐groups were compared in terms of size of the conducting channels, ionic conductivity of the mobile hydroxide ion, mechanical properties, quantity of productive and unproductive water, and chemical stability of the membrane in base. The interdomain spacing showed that multiblock copolymers with larger cations formed larger ion conduction channels in the membrane. Larger cations resulted lower ion exchange capacity (IEC) even though the polymer backbone and tether arrangements were identical. TMA was the most stable cation after exposure to 1 M NaOH at 60 °C for 20 days. ABCO had a lower number of bound water molecules and a 22% loss in ion conductivity after treatment in 1 M NaOH at 60 °C for 20 days due to the higher hydroxide ion concentration in the ion conductive blocks. Membranes with TMA head‐groups also had the best mechanical properties. Two membrane preparation methods were compared. The presence of the cation head‐groups assists in phase segregation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1395–1403