bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN INTERVIEW WITH WASSILY LEONTIEF
Authors: Foley Interviewed by Duncan K. 
Published: September 2019

Wassily Leontief is one of the central creators and shapers
of twentieth-century economics. He invented input-output
theory and the techniques for constructing input-output
tables from economic and technological data and
was responsible for making input-output tables the most
powerful and widely used tool of structural economic
analysis. The theory of input-output matrices played an
important role in the clarification of general equilibrium
theory in the 1940's and 1950's as well. Leontief has also
made fundamental and seminal contributions to the
theories of demand, international trade, and economic
dynamics. His research interests include monetary
economics, population, econometric method,
environmental economics, distribution, disarmament,
induced technical change, international capital
movements, growth, economic planning, and the Soviet and other socialist economies.
Leontief has played a vigorous part in formulating national and international policies addressing technology,
trade, population, arms control, and the environment. He has
also been a well-informed and influential critic of
contemporary economic method, theory, and practice. Leontief received the Nobel Memorial Prize for
Economics in 1973.I met Wassily Leontief on April 14, 1997, at his apartment
high above Washington Square Park in New York City.
Leontief reclined on a sofa in the living room, with Mrs.
Leontief going about her business in the background,
occasionally asking after Leontief's comfort. Leontief's
voice on the tape ranges from an assertive forte to a
whispery piano. He is by turns animated, thoughtful,
puzzled, inspiring, and charming. A chiming clock
marking the passage of quarter-hours and characteristic
New York street noise occasionally obscure his words on
the tape. I have edited the transcript for continuity and
clarity.
Analysis of an Updated Paleointensity Database (QPI‐PINT) for 65–200 Ma: Implications for the Long‐Term History of Dipole Moment Through the Mesozoic
Authors: Kulakov E. V. , Sprain C. J. , Doubrovine P. V. , Smirnov A. V. , Paterson G. A. , Hawkins L. , Fairchild L. , Piispa E. J. , Biggin A. J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe global paleointensity database for 65–200 Ma was analyzed using a modified suite of paleointensity quality criteria (QPI) such that the likely reliability of measurements is assessed objectively and as consistently as possible across the diverse data set. This interval was chosen because of dramatic extremes of geomagnetic polarity reversal frequency ranging from greater than 10 reversals per million years in the Jurassic hyperactivity period (155–171 Ma) to effectively zero during the Cretaceous Normal Superchron (CNS; 84–126 Ma). Various attempts to establish a relationship between the strength of Earth's magnetic field and the reversal frequency have been made by previous studies, but no consensus has yet been reached primarily because of large uncertainties in paleointensity estimates and sensitivity of these estimates to data selection approaches. It is critical to overcome this problem because the evolution of the dipole moment is a first order constraint on the behavior of the geodynamo. Here we show that conventional statistical tests and Bayesian changepoint modeling consistently indicate the strongest median/average virtual dipole moment during the CNS. In addition, the CNS and Jurassic hyperactivity period are characterized by the highest and lowest percentage of virtual dipole moments exceeding the overall median for the 65‐ to 200‐Ma interval, respectively. These observations suggest that the superchron dynamo was able to generate stronger fields than the dynamo operating in the frequently reversing regime. While the precise mechanism remains unclear, our results are compatible with the hypothesis that field strength and reversal rate variation are controlled by changes in core‐mantle boundary thermochemical conditions.
Modeling Megathrust Earthquakes Across Scales: One‐way Coupling From Geodynamics and Seismic Cycles to Dynamic Rupture
Authors: van Zelst I. , Wollherr S. , Gabriel A.‐A. , Madden E. H. , van Dinther Y. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTaking the full complexity of subduction zones into account is important for realistic modeling and hazard assessment of subduction zone seismicity and associated tsunamis. Studying seismicity requires numerical methods that span a large range of spatial and temporal scales. We present the first coupled framework that resolves subduction dynamics over millions of years and earthquake dynamics down to fractions of a second. Using a two‐dimensional geodynamic seismic cycle (SC) model, we model 4 million years of subduction followed by cycles of spontaneous megathrust events. At the initiation of one such SC event, we export the self‐consistent fault and surface geometry, fault stress and strength, and heterogeneous material properties to a dynamic rupture (DR) model. Coupling leads to spontaneous dynamic rupture nucleation, propagation, and arrest with the same spatial characteristics as in the SC model. It also results in a similar material‐dependent stress drop, although dynamic slip is significantly larger. The DR event shows a high degree of complexity, featuring various rupture styles and speeds, precursory phases, and fault reactivation. Compared to a coupled model with homogeneous material properties, accounting for realistic lithological contrasts doubles the amount of maximum slip, introduces local pulse‐like rupture episodes, and relocates the peak slip from near the downdip limit of the seismogenic zone to the updip limit. When an SC splay fault is included in the DR model, the rupture prefers the splay over the shallow megathrust, although wave reflections do activate the megathrust afterward.
The Burdwood Bank Circulation
Authors: Matano Ricardo P. , Palma Elbio D. , Combes Vincent 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA suite of high‐resolution numerical simulations characterizes the oceanic circulation in the Burdwood Bank, a shallow seamount located in the northeastern end of the Drake Passage. Model analysis shows energetic upwelling and mixing uplifting deep and benthic waters into the photic layer. Tides and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current are the primary drivers of the bank's circulation. Tidal forcing is the main driver for the entrainment of deep waters into the upper layers of the bank and local wind forcing for the detrainment of these waters into the deep ocean. Passive tracer diagnostics suggest that the dynamical processes triggered by the Burdwood Bank could have a significant impact on local ecosystems and the biogeochemical balance of the southwestern Atlantic region, which is one of the most fertile portions of the Southern Ocean. Model results are robust—they are reproduced in a wide array of model configurations—but there is insufficient observational evidence to corroborate them. Satellite color imagery does not show substantial chlorophyll blooms in this region but it shows strong phytoplankton plumes emanating from the bank. There are several potential explanations for the chlorophyll deficit, including lack of light due to persistent cloud cover, deep mixing layers, fast ocean currents, and the likelihood that blooms, while extant, might not develop on the surface. None of these possibilities can be confirmed at this stage.
ISOW Spreading and Mixing as Revealed by Deep‐Argo Floats Launched in the Charlie‐Gibbs Fracture Zone
Authors: Racapé Virginie , Thierry Virginie , Mercier Herlé , Cabanes Cécile 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo improve our understanding of deep circulation, we deployed five Deep‐Argo floats (0–4,000 m) in the Charlie‐Gibbs Fracture Zone (CGFZ), which channels the flow of Iceland‐Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW), a dense water mass of the North Atlantic Ocean. The floats were programed to drift at 2,750 dbar in the ISOW layer. The floats mainly moved westward in the CGFZ, although some of them followed different routes for few cycles depending on northward intrusions of the North Atlantic Current over the CGFZ. One float revealed a direct route for ISOW from CGFZ to the Deep Western Boundary Current at Flemish Cap. In the CGFZ, oxygen data acquired by the floats revealed that the ISOW layer, characterized by salinity higher than 34.94 and density greater than 27.8 kg/m, was mainly composed of the highly oxygenated ISOW and the less oxygenated North East Atlantic Deep Water (NEADW), a complex water mass from the East Atlantic. In the ISOW layer, the relative contribution of ISOW was generally larger in the northern valley than in the southern valley of CGFZ. Northward intrusions of the North Atlantic Current above the CGFZ increased the relative contribution of NEADW in the northern valley and favors mixing between ISOW and NEADW. The ISOW‐NEADW signal flowing westward from the CGFZ toward the Deep Western Boundary Current was progressively diluted by Labrador Sea Water and Denmark Strait Overflow Water. Oxygen measurements from Deep‐Argo floats are essential for a better understanding and characterization of the mixing and spreading of deep water masses.
Impact of Rescaling Approaches in Simple Fusion of Soil Moisture Products
Authors: Afshar M. H. , Yilmaz M. T. , Crow W. T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this study, the impact of various rescaling approaches in the framework of data fusion is explored. Four different soil moisture products (Advanced Scatterometer; Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS, AMSR‐E; Antecedent Precipitation Index; and Global Land Data Assimilation System‐NOAH) are fused. The systematic differences between products are removed before the fusion utilizing various rescaling approaches focusing on different methods (regression, variance/cumulative distribution function (CDF) matching, multivariate adaptive regression splines, and support vector machines based), stationarity assumptions (constant or time‐varying rescaling coefficients), and time‐frequency techniques (periodic or nonperiodic high‐ and low‐frequency components). Given that statistical descriptions (e.g., standard deviation and correlation coefficient) of reference data sets are utilized in rescaling approaches, the precision of the selected reference data set also impacts the final fused product precision. Experiments are validated over 542 soil moisture monitoring sites selected from the International Soil Moisture Network data sets between 2007 and 2011. Overall, results highlight the importance of reference data set selection—particularly that a more precise reference product yields a higher precision fused soil moisture product. This conclusion is sensitive neither to the number of fused products nor the rescaling procedure. Among rescaling approaches, the precision of fused products is most affected by the choice of rescaling stationary assumption and time‐frequency decomposition technique. Variations in rescaling methods have only a small impact on the precision of pair fused products. In contrast, utilizing a time‐varying stationary assumption and nonperiodic decomposition technique produces correlation improvements of 0.07 [−] and 0.02 [−], respectively, versus the other widely implemented rescaling approaches.
Sex-specific transcriptional and proteomic signatures in schizophrenia
Authors: Tiihonen Jari , Koskuvi Marja , Storvik Markus , Hyötyläinen Ida , Gao Yanyan , Puttonen Katja A. , Giniatullina Raisa , Poguzhelskaya Ekaterina , Ojansuu Ilkka , Vaurio Olli , Cannon Tyrone D. , Lönnqvist Jouko , Therman Sebastian , Suvisaari Jaana , Kaprio Jaakko , Cheng Lesley , Hill Andrew F. , Lähteenvuo Markku , Tohka Jussi , Giniatullin Rashid , Lehtonen Šárka , Koistinaho Jari 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIt has remained unclear why schizophrenia typically manifests after adolescence and which neurobiological mechanisms are underlying the cascade leading to the actual onset of the illness. Here we show that the use of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons of monozygotic twins from pairs discordant for schizophrenia enhances disease-specific signal by minimizing genetic heterogeneity. In proteomic and pathway analyses, clinical illness is associated especially with altered glycosaminoglycan, GABAergic synapse, sialylation, and purine metabolism pathways. Although only 12% of all 19,462 genes are expressed differentially between healthy males and females, up to 61% of the illness-related genes are sex specific. These results on sex-specific genes are replicated in another dataset. This implies that the pathophysiology differs between males and females, and may explain why symptoms appear after adolescence when the expression of many sex-specific genes change, and suggests the need for sex-specific treatments.
Innate immunity limits protective adaptive immune responses against pre-erythrocytic malaria parasites
Authors: Minkah Nana K. , Wilder Brandon K. , Sheikh Amina A. , Martinson Thomas , Wegmair Lisa , Vaughan Ashley M. , Kappe Stefan H. I. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractImmunization with attenuated wholePlasmodiumsporozoites constitutes a promising vaccination strategy. Compared to replication-deficient parasites, immunization with replication-competent parasites confers better protection and also induces a type I IFN (IFN-1) response, but whether this IFN-1 response has beneficial or adverse effects on vaccine-induced adaptive immunity is not known. Here, we show that IFN-1 signaling-deficient mice immunized with replication-competent sporozoites exhibit superior protection against infection. This correlates with superior CD8 T cell memory including reduced expression of the exhaustion markers PD-1 and LAG-3 on these cells and increased numbers of memory CD8 T cells in the liver. Moreover, the adoptive transfer of memory CD8 T cells from the livers of previously immunized IFN-1 signaling-deficient mice confers greater protection against liver stage parasites. However, the detrimental role of IFN-1 signaling is not CD8 T cell intrinsic. Together, our data demonstrate that liver stage-engendered IFN-1 signaling impairs hepatic CD8 T cell memory via a CD8 T cell-extrinsic mechanism.
Rate and selectivity hysteresis during the carbon monoxide hydrogenation over promoted Co/MnOx catalysts
Authors: Xiang Yizhi , Kovarik Libor , Kruse Norbert 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhile cobalt-based catalysts have been used in industrial Fischer-Tropsch synthesis for decades, little is known about how the dynamics of the Co-Co2C phase transformation drive their performance. Here we report on the occurrence of hysteresis effects in the Fischer-Tropsch reaction over potassium promoted Co/MnOx catalyst. Both the reaction rate and the selectivity to chain-lengthened paraffins and terminally functionalized products (aldehydes, alcohols, olefins) show bistability when varying the hydrogen/carbon monoxide partial pressures back and forth from overall reducing to carbidizing conditions. While the carbon monoxide conversion and the selectivity to functionalized products follow clockwise hysteresis, the selectivity to paraffins shows counter-clockwise behavior. In situ X-ray diffraction demonstrates the activity/selectivity bistability to be driven by a Co-Co2C phase transformation. The conclusions are supported by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy which identifies the Co-Co2C transformation, Mn5O8 layered topologies at low H2/CO partial pressure ratios, and MnO at high such ratios.
Experimental observation of flow fields around active Janus spheres
Authors: Campbell Andrew I. , Ebbens Stephen J. , Illien Pierre , Golestanian Ramin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe phoretic mechanisms at stake in the propulsion of asymmetric colloids have been the subject of debates during the past years. In particular, the importance of electrokinetic effects on the motility of Pt-PS Janus sphere was recently discussed. Here, we probe the hydrodynamic flow field around a catalytically active colloid using particle tracking velocimetry both in the freely swimming state and when kept stationary with an external force. Our measurements provide information about the fluid velocity in the vicinity of the surface of the colloid, and confirm a mechanism for propulsion that was proposed recently. In addition to offering a unified understanding of the nonequilibrium interfacial transport processes at stake, our results open the way to a thorough description of the hydrodynamic interactions between such active particles and understanding their collective dynamics.
Pareto rules for malaria super-spreaders and super-spreading
Authors: Cooper Laura , Kang Su Yun , Bisanzio Donal , Maxwell Kilama , Rodriguez-Barraquer Isabel , Greenhouse Bryan , Drakeley Chris , Arinaitwe Emmanuel , G. Staedke Sarah , Gething Peter W. , Eckhoff Philip , Reiner Robert C. , Hay Simon I. , Dorsey Grant , Kamya Moses R. , Lindsay Steven W. , Grenfell Bryan T. , Smith David L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHeterogeneity in transmission is a challenge for infectious disease dynamics and control. An 80-20 “Pareto” rule has been proposed to describe this heterogeneity whereby 80% of transmission is accounted for by 20% of individuals, herein called super-spreaders. It is unclear, however, whether super-spreading can be attributed to certain individuals or whether it is an unpredictable and unavoidable feature of epidemics. Here, we investigate heterogeneous malaria transmission at three sites in Uganda and find that super-spreading is negatively correlated with overall malaria transmission intensity. Mosquito biting among humans is 90-10 at the lowest transmission intensities declining to less than 70-30 at the highest intensities. For super-spreaders, biting ranges from 70-30 down to 60-40. The difference, approximately half the total variance, is due to environmental stochasticity. Super-spreading is thus partly due to super-spreaders, but modest gains are expected from targeting super-spreaders.
Variants in the fetal genome near pro-inflammatory cytokine genes on 2q13 associate with gestational duration
Authors: Liu Xueping , Helenius Dorte , Skotte Line , Beaumont Robin N. , Wielscher Matthias , Geller Frank , Juodakis Julius , Mahajan Anubha , Bradfield Jonathan P. , Lin Frederick T. J. , Vogelezang Suzanne , Bustamante Mariona , Ahluwalia Tarunveer S. , Pitkänen Niina , Wang Carol A. , Bacelis Jonas , Borges Maria C. , Zhang Ge , Bedell Bruce A. , Rossi Robert M. , Skogstrand Kristin , Peng Shouneng , Thompson Wesley K. , Appadurai Vivek , Lawlor Debbie A. , Kalliala Ilkka , Power Christine , McCarthy Mark I. , Boyd Heather A. , Marazita Mary L. , Hakonarson Hakon , Hayes M. Geoffrey , Scholtens Denise M. , Rivadeneira Fernando , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Vinding Rebecca K. , Bisgaard Hans , Knight Bridget A. , Pahkala Katja , Raitakari Olli , Helgeland Øyvind , Johansson Stefan , Njølstad Pål R. , Fadista João , Schork Andrew J. , Nudel Ron , Miller Daniel E. , Chen Xiaoting , Weirauch Matthew T. , Mortensen Preben Bo , Børglum Anders D. , Nordentoft Merete , Mors Ole , Hao Ke , Ryckman Kelli K. , Hougaard David M. , Kottyan Leah C. , Pennell Craig E. , Lyytikainen Leo-Pekka , Bønnelykke Klaus , Vrijheid Martine , Felix Janine F. , Lowe William L. , Grant Struan F. A. , Hyppönen Elina , Jacobsson Bo , Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta , Muglia Louis J. , Murray Jeffrey C. , Freathy Rachel M. , Werge Thomas M. , Melbye Mads , Buil Alfonso , Feenstra Bjarke 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe duration of pregnancy is influenced by fetal and maternal genetic and non-genetic factors. Here we report a fetal genome-wide association meta-analysis of gestational duration, and early preterm, preterm, and postterm birth in 84,689 infants. One locus on chromosome 2q13 is associated with gestational duration; the association is replicated in 9,291 additional infants (combined P = 3.96 × 10−14). Analysis of 15,588 mother-child pairs shows that the association is driven by fetal rather than maternal genotype. Functional experiments show that the lead SNP, rs7594852, alters the binding of the HIC1 transcriptional repressor. Genes at the locus include several interleukin 1 family members with roles in pro-inflammatory pathways that are central to the process of parturition. Further understanding of the underlying mechanisms will be of great public health importance, since giving birth either before or after the window of term gestation is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
Tumor-reprogrammed resident T cells resist radiation to control tumors
Authors: Arina Ainhoa , Beckett Michael , Fernandez Christian , Zheng Wenxin , Pitroda Sean , Chmura Steven J. , Luke Jason J. , Forde Martin , Hou Yuzhu , Burnette Byron , Mauceri Helena , Lowy Israel , Sims Tasha , Khodarev Nikolai , Fu Yang-Xin , Weichselbaum Ralph R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSuccessful combinations of radiotherapy and immunotherapy depend on the presence of live T cells within the tumor; however, radiotherapy is believed to damage T cells. Here, based on longitudinal in vivo imaging and functional analysis, we report that a large proportion of T cells survive clinically relevant doses of radiation and show increased motility, and higher production of interferon gamma, compared with T cells from unirradiated tumors. Irradiated intratumoral T cells can mediate tumor control without newly-infiltrating T cells. Transcriptomic analysis suggests T cell reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment and similarities with tissue-resident memory T cells, which are more radio-resistant than circulating/lymphoid tissue T cells. TGFβ is a key upstream regulator of T cell reprogramming and contributes to intratumoral Tcell radio-resistance. These findings have implications for the design of radio-immunotherapy trials in that local irradiation is not inherently immunosuppressive, and irradiation of multiple tumors might optimize systemic effects of radiotherapy.
Improving mass spectrometry analysis of protein structures with arginine-selective chemical cross-linkers
Authors: Jones Alexander X. , Cao Yong , Tang Yu-Liang , Wang Jian-Hua , Ding Yue-He , Tan Hui , Chen Zhen-Lin , Fang Run-Qian , Yin Jili , Chen Rong-Chang , Zhu Xing , She Yang , Huang Niu , Shao Feng , Ye Keqiong , Sun Rui-Xiang , He Si-Min , Lei Xiaoguang , Dong Meng-Qiu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChemical cross-linking of proteins coupled with mass spectrometry analysis (CXMS) is widely used to study protein-protein interactions (PPI), protein structures, and even protein dynamics. However, structural information provided by CXMS is still limited, partly because most CXMS experiments use lysine-lysine (K-K) cross-linkers. Although superb in selectivity and reactivity, they are ineffective for lysine deficient regions. Herein, we develop aromatic glyoxal cross-linkers (ArGOs) for arginine-arginine (R-R) cross-linking and the lysine-arginine (K-R) cross-linker KArGO. The R-R or K-R cross-links generated by ArGO or KArGO fit well with protein crystal structures and provide information not attainable by K-K cross-links. KArGO, in particular, is highly valuable for CXMS, with robust performance on a variety of samples including a kinase and two multi-protein complexes. In the case of the CNGP complex, KArGO cross-links covered as much of the PPI interface as R-R and K-K cross-links combined and improved the accuracy of Rosetta docking substantially.