bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
077 An unusual presentation of antibody negative autoimmune encephalitis: a case report
Authors: Upadhyay Viral , Malkan Ashish , Park Hyunmin 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionImmune-mediated encephalitis can occur in the absence of measurable pathogenic antibodies in CSF or serum.Methods and resultsWe present the case of a 29-year-old Sudanese woman presented with four days history of meningism. She is three months post-partum with her fifth child and does not have significant past medical history. She is a current smoker with history of methamphetamine and heroin use until 5 years ago. There were no focal neurological deficits on examination. CT brain was normal and her CSF had 420×106/L leucocytes (Polymorphs 18, Mononuclears 402). Three days later, she deteriorated clinically with GCS 11 and developed left sided hemiplegia requiring intubation and ventilation in intensive care.The CSF culture along with autoimmune encephalitis panel, anti-neuronal antibodies, HSV, VZV, Enterovirus, cryptococcal antigen, TB quantiferon, HIV, Malaria were negative. Her immunology tests were unremarkable including rheumatoid factor, complements, anti-nuclear antibodies, dsDNA, PR3, MPO, RNP, Smith, Ro, La, Scleroderma 70 and Jo-1 antibodies. The MRI Brain showed persistent changes in right hemispheric cortical and subcortical gyriform FLAIR hyperintensities which were also present in DWI images. The EEG showed right temporo-occipital region 7–8 Hz rhythmic discharges with generalised diffuse slowing. She had right parietal lobe brain biopsy which shows perivascular and intramural inflammation by mononuclear cells almost comprised of CD3 T-cells consistent with encephalitis associated with secondary lymphocytic vasculitis. She was treated with intravenous pulsed methylprednisolone and IVIg followed by plasma exchange. Then given high dose oral corticosteroids with slow tapering and intravenous Cyclophosphamide four weekly. Significant neurological improvement noted over next 8 weeks with patient being alert and participating in ongoing multidisciplinary rehabilitation for hemiplegia.ConclusionA case of cerebral biopsy confirmed, CSF and serum antibody-negative encephalitis is presented.
078 Sensory nerve abnormalities in motor neuron disease
Authors: MacDonald Allycia , Needham Merrilee , Alvaro Anthony 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionElectrodiagnostic evaluation is crucial in establishing the diagnosis of motor neuron disease (MND) and excluding other pathologies. It is recommended that sensory nerve conduction studies (NCS) include the ulnar and sural nerves, and generally accepted that sensory nerves are normal in MND. There are however previous reports in the literature documenting variable sensory abnormalities in patients with MND. We sought to determine the frequency of unexplained sensory abnormalities seen on NCS in patients with MND.MethodsMedical records of patients attending our tertiary MND clinic over a 2 year period were reviewed. We identified 92 patients with a clinical diagnosis of MND for whom electrodiagnostic studies were available to review. Sensory abnormalities in patients without a clear underlying aetiology (eg. compressive neuropathies, diabetes) were considered unexplained.ResultsUnexplained sensory abnormalities were detected in at least one nerve in 18/92 (20%) patients. In 17 of those 18 patients, the ulnar sensory response was abnormal. 12 of 18 patients demonstrated abnormalities in 2 or more sensory nerves. Sensory abnormalities were present in 4 of 37 (10.8%) patients with bulbar onset MND and 14 of 55 (25.4%) patients with limb onset MND. Sensory symptoms were infrequently reported and did not correlate with abnormalities found on NCS.ConclusionsUnexplained sensory nerve action potential abnormalities are not uncommon in MND, with ulnar sensory responses the most frequently affected. These findings raise the possibility of sensory nerve pathology in patients with MND and suggest that the presence of unexplained sensory abnormalities should not exclude a diagnosis of MND.
084 Separating stroke from vestibular neuritis by vestibular function test parameters
Authors: Calic Zeljka , Nham Benjamin , Taylor Rachel , Young Allison , Anderson Craig , Cappelen-Smith Cecilia , Cordato Dennis , Welgampola Miriam 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionVestibular neuritis (VN) and posterior circulation stroke (PCS) are the commonest causes of acute vestibular syndrome (AVS). We aim to identify discriminators of VN from PCS by testing all five vestibular end-organs in patients presenting with AVS.MethodsThree-dimensional video-head impulse test (v-HIT), cervical and ocular-vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (c-and oVEMP) and subjective visual horizontal (SVH) tests were performed in 22 patients with VN and 22 with PCS. Ipsilesional horizontal, anterior and posterior canal (HC, AC, PC) v-HIT gain and first catch-up saccade characteristics, VEMP amplitude asymmetry-ratios were compared.ResultsAll VN and 6 PCS patients had positive clinical HIT. Mean time to testing was 4.7 days for VN, 7.0 days for PCS. VN mean ipsilesional HC and AC first saccade amplitude was larger, peak-velocities faster and onset latencies earlier compared to PCS (p<0.05). No significant difference between VN and PCS in first saccade characteristics was found in PC. Ipsilesional first saccade amplitude, peak-velocity and duration were significantly different between PCS and controls for all canals (p<0.05). A gain <0.68 and first saccade amplitudes >2.2°separated VN from PCS with sensitivities of 95.5% and 86.4% and specificities of 72.7% and 63.6%. First saccade amplitude of >0.91°identified PCS from controls with sensitivity of 68.2% and specificity of 70%. Abnormality rates for AC cVEMP, BC oVEMP and SVH were 42.9%, 50% and 91% for VN and 38.1%, 9% 72% for PCS.Conclusion v-HIT gain and catch-up saccade metrics are useful separators of VN from PCS. Detailed saccade analysis complements existing vestibular tests.
085 Syndrome of transient headache and neurologic deficits with cerebral fluid lymphocytosis (HANDL) as a mimic for transient ischaemic attack (TIA)
Authors: Ashhurst Jasmine F , Haddad Rami 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionHaNDL is a rare neurological disorder of unknown aetiology that is characterised by headache, neurological deficit and pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is a benign condition that has spontaneous resolution of symptoms within months.A 50 year old female presented to Emergency with an acute focal neurological deficit of right sided weakness, dysphasia and dysarthria lasting less than one hour. Over the preceding months she had a new onset of headache. She was worked up for a likely diagnosis of TIA.MethodsCase report.ResultsInitial CT Brain(angiography) showed no stroke or other identifiable cause of symptoms.MRI brain showed excessive nonspecific T2 hyperintensities, requiring further investigation for possible vasculitis. MR angiography was normal and there was no evidence of stroke.Viral PCR’s were negative.Lumbar puncture (LP) showed pleocytosis (leucocytes 309×10E6/L), raised intracranial pressure and high protein, raising suspicion for HaNDL. This normalised on subsequent outpatient LP, along with symptoms.ConclusionsA diagnosis of HaNDL is made as a diagnosis of exclusion, though should be considered as a differential diagnosis for various presentations in which transient acute focal neurology is a presenting complaint.Due to relatively few reported cases of HaNDL, it is possible that HaNDL is being underdiagnosed due to variability in patient presentation and lack of understanding of the syndrome.As in this case, when a patient presents with transient acute focal neurology in the absence of headache as a prominent presenting symptom, it is reasonable to consider HaNDL as a differential diagnosis.
101 Case report: to stent, or not to stent? The pale cast of evidence-based practice in acute stroke
Authors: Blair Chris , Bhatia Kartik , Brunacci David , Worthington John , Ahmed Rebekah 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionWith approximately 200 procedures performed in the last year at our centre, worthwhile clinical lessons continue to emerge in the practice of endovascular clot retrieval (ECR) for acute stroke. This case demonstrates the value of considered clinical appraisal in a dynamic, information-rich setting. A 68 year-old man with established vertebrobasilar atherosclerotic disease developed capricious, blood pressure-sensitive neurological deficits after successful ECR for a basilar artery stroke, inviting the possibility of further intervention in the form of intracranial stenting. We avoided pursuing this course of action in favour of a more measured approach, entailing the provision of vasopressor support over the following week.MethodFollowing ECR, our patient was admitted to the intensive care unit for continuous blood pressure monitoring and close observation of his neurological deficits with serial NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) scoring. Systolic blood pressures were maintained between 140–160 mmHg using vasopressor support, with the aim of allowing time for recovery of vascular autoregulation and collateralization.ResultsOver six days, the patient developed moderate left upper and lower limb weakness. An MRI performed on Day 5 revealed limited interval infarction of the right hemipons and cerebellum, with complete re-occlusion of the mid-basilar arterial segment. He left the ICU with a NIHSS score of 7, and was living independently at 90-day follow-up (Modified Rankin Score 1).ConclusionThe ultimately favourable net outcome for our patient clearly illustrates the imperative to remain within the boundaries of evidence-based practice in this bold and rapidly evolving discipline.
102 Late-onset paradoxical reactions in neurotuberculosis presenting 18 months and 20 years after treatment
Authors: Leadbetter Ruth , Blackmore Timothy , Rosemergy Ian 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionParadoxical reactions (PRs) during treatment of neurotuberculosis are common but late-onset PRs after completion of anti-tuberculous treatment are reported very rarely. The management of late-onset PRs is challenging as excluding other diagnoses is difficult without invasive testing.MethodsTwo cases of late-onset PRs after treatment for neurotuberculosis are reported. The timing of onset, clinical and radiological features of these PRs are described and the diagnostic work up and outcomes after empiric immunosuppression reviewed.ResultsA 24-year-old woman presented with right-sided focal motor seizures 18 months after receiving anti-tuberculous treatment for neurotuberculosis. MRI showed enlargement of a previous left frontal tuberculoma with extensive oedema. A biopsy was not performed as the lesion involved eloquent brain and the patient declined a lumbar puncture. She was treated empirically with corticosteroids for six months and had clinical and radiological improvement.A 56-year-old woman presented with left leg weakness and numbness 20 years after treatment for multiple cerebral tuberculomas. MRI showed a new confluent area of T2 hyperintensity in the right frontal and parietal lobes. Cerebrospinal fluid was negative for acid-fast bacilli. She was treated with corticosteroids for 2 months with progressive improvement.ConclusionsLate onset PRs to neurotuberculosis can occur months to years after completing anti-tuberculous therapy. Recognising this entity is important so unnecessary treatments and brain biopsy may be avoided. Empiric immunosuppression with corticosteroids appears to be safe if early follow up and repeat imaging is arranged.
TPF imaging of Rhodamine B at different detection windows
Authors: Hou Guozhong , Dong Zhiwei , Zhang Sheng , Zhang Zhibin , Xia Yuanqin 
Published: July 2019

Broadband two-photon fluorescence (TPF) imaging system based on femtosecond oscillator is built. Broadband TPF signal generated from Rhodamine B molecule is detected at different detection windows. Both TPF signals detected at short wavelength detection window of 545–615 nm and long wavelength detection window of 642–708 nm are used for TPF imaging. Through switching detection window from short wavelength to long wavelength, deepened imaging depth is achieved. The TPF imaging results, with single [Formula: see text] pixels frame taking time of 4–8 s, demonstrate high performance and the good reliability of the imaging system.
ENTREPRENEURIAL CAPITAL AND THE VOLUME OF SMALL ENTERPRISES PRODUCTION: RUSSIAN REGIONS DATA
Authors: PINKOVETSKAIA IULIIA , LEBEDEV ANTON 
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study is to assess the three-factor production functions describing the dependence of the small enterprises (SEs) and microenterprises, which include turnover on the wages of their employees, investments in fixed capital and the entrepreneurial capital of a particular region. The authors propose the indicator that characterizes the level of entrepreneurial capital — the number of employees of large enterprises located in the respective regions. This study is based on the empirical spatial data specifying the activities of employees in all SEs and microenterprises, as well as a number of large enterprises. The official statistical information includes observations on business activity of 1,449 SEs and microenterprises in 80 Russian regions in 2015. The research determines the factors influencing the turnover of enterprises, proves the high quality of the source data approximation using the three-factor production functions and confirms the need for an increased number of small and microenterprises for the Russian regions’ economy. The authors discover tools for the evaluation of production functions, which are of academic and practical importance. They can be used in studies of the regions’ entrepreneurial sectors, for monitoring the efficiency of resource use, and the rationale for the entrepreneurship development programs.
Interview with Ben Shneiderman
Authors: Atzenbeck Claus 
Published: July 2019

Ben Shneiderman (http://www.cs.umd.edu/~ben) is a Distinguished University Professor in the Department of Computer Science, Founding Director (1983--2000) of the Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory (http://hcil.umd.edu), and a Member of the UM Institute for Advanced Computer Studies (UMIACS) at the University of Maryland. He is a Fellow of the AAAS, ACM, IEEE, and NAI, and a Member of the National Academy of Engineering, in recognition of his pioneering contributions to human-computer interaction and information visualization. His widely-used contributions include the clickable highlighted web-links, high-precision touchscreen keyboards for mobile devices, and tagging for photos. Shneiderman's information visualization innovations include dynamic query sliders for Spotfire, development of treemaps for viewing hierarchical data, novel network visualizations for NodeXL, and event sequence analysis for electronic health records.
Ben is the co-author with Catherine Plaisant of Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction (6th ed., 2016). With Stu Card and Jock Mackinlay, he co-authored Readings in Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think (1999). His book Leonardo's Laptop (MIT Press) won the IEEE book award for Distinguished Literary Contribution. He co-authored, Analyzing Social Media Networks with NodeXL (Morgan Kaufmann) with Derek Hansen and Marc Smith. The New ABCs of Research: Achieving Breakthrough Collaborations (Oxford, April 2016) has an accompanying short book Twin-Win Research: Breakthrough Theories and Validated Solutions for Societal Benefit: Second Edition (2019).
Higher-order type-level programming in Haskell
Authors: Kiss Csongor , Field Tony , Eisenbach Susan , Peyton Jones Simon 
Published: July 2019

Type family applications in Haskell must be fully saturated. This means that all type-level functions have to be first-order, leading to code that is both messy and longwinded. In this paper we detail an extension to GHC that removes this restriction. We augment Haskell’s existing type arrow, |->|, with an
unmatchable
arrow, | >|, that supports partial application of type families without compromising soundness. A soundness proof is provided. We show how the techniques described can lead to substantial code-size reduction (circa 80%) in the type-level logic of commonly-used type-level libraries whilst simultaneously improving code quality and readability.
A reasonably exceptional type theory
Authors: Pédrot Pierre-Marie , Tabareau Nicolas , Fehrmann Hans Jacob , Tanter Éric 
Published: July 2019

Traditional approaches to compensate for the lack of exceptions in type theories for proof assistants have severe drawbacks from both a programming and a reasoning perspective.
Pédrot and Tabareau recently extended the Calculus of Inductive Constructions (CIC) with exceptions. The new exceptional type theory is interpreted by a translation into CIC, covering full dependent elimination, decidable type-checking and canonicity. However, the exceptional theory is inconsistent as a logical system. To recover consistency, Pédrot and Tabareau propose an additional translation that uses parametricity to enforce that all exceptions are caught locally. While this enforcement brings logical expressivity gains over CIC, it completely prevents reasoning about exceptional programs such as partial functions.

This work addresses the dilemma between exceptions and consistency in a more flexible manner, with the
Reasonably Exceptional Type Theory
(RETT). RETT is structured in three layers: (a) the
exceptional
layer, in which all terms can raise exceptions; (b) the
mediation
layer, in which exceptional terms must be provably parametric; (c) the
pure
layer, in which terms are non-exceptional, but can refer to exceptional terms.

We present the general theory of RETT, where each layer is realized by a predicative hierarchy of universes, and develop an instance of RETT in Coq: the impure layer corresponds to the predicative universe hierarchy, the pure layer is realized by the impredicative universe of propositions, and the mediation layer is reified via a parametricity type class. RETT is the first full dependent type theory to support consistent reasoning about exceptional terms, and the CoqRETT plugin readily brings this ability to Coq programmers.
Targeting Mechanoresponsive Proteins in Pancreatic Cancer: 4-Hydroxyacetophenone Blocks Dissemination and Invasion by Activating MYH14
Authors: Surcel Alexandra , Schiffhauer Eric S. , Thomas Dustin G. , Zhu Qingfeng , DiNapoli Kathleen T. , Herbig Maik , Otto Oliver , West-Foyle Hoku , Jacobi Angela , Kräter Martin , Plak Katarzyna , Guck Jochen , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Iglesias Pablo A. , Anders Robert A. , Robinson Douglas N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMetastasis is complex, involving multiple genetic, epigenetic, biochemical, and physical changes in the cancer cell and its microenvironment. Cells with metastatic potential are often characterized by altered cellular contractility and deformability, lending them the flexibility to disseminate and navigate through different microenvironments. We demonstrate that mechanoresponsiveness is a hallmark of pancreatic cancer cells. Key mechanoresponsive proteins, those that accumulate in response to mechanical stress, specifically nonmuscle myosin IIA (MYH9) and IIC (MYH14), α-actinin 4, and filamin B, were highly expressed in pancreatic cancer as compared with healthy ductal epithelia. Their less responsive sister paralogs—myosin IIB (MYH10), α-actinin 1, and filamin A—had lower expression differential or disappeared with cancer progression. We demonstrate that proteins whose cellular contributions are often overlooked because of their low abundance can have profound impact on cell architecture, behavior, and mechanics. Here, the low abundant protein MYH14 promoted metastatic behavior and could be exploited with 4-hydroxyacetophenone (4-HAP), which increased MYH14 assembly, stiffening cells. As a result, 4-HAP decreased dissemination, induced cortical actin belts in spheroids, and slowed retrograde actin flow. 4-HAP also reduced liver metastases in human pancreatic cancer-bearing nude mice. Thus, increasing MYH14 assembly overwhelms the ability of cells to polarize and invade, suggesting targeting the mechanoresponsive proteins of the actin cytoskeleton as a new strategy to improve the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer.Significance:This study demonstrates that mechanoresponsive proteins become upregulated with pancreatic cancer progression and that this system of proteins can be pharmacologically targeted to inhibit the metastatic potential of pancreatic cancer cells.
Therapeutic Targeting of Aldolase A Interactions Inhibits Lung Cancer Metastasis and Prolongs Survival
Authors: Chang Yu-Chan , Chiou Jean , Yang Yi-Fang , Su Chia-Yi , Lin Yuan-Feng , Yang Chia-Ning , Lu Pei-Jung , Huang Ming-Shyan , Yang Chih-Jen , Hsiao Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCancer metabolic reprogramming promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still being uncovered. In this study, we show that the glycolytic enzyme aldolase A (ALDOA) is a key enzyme involved in lung cancer metabolic reprogramming and metastasis. Overexpression of ALDOA increased migration and invasion of lung cancer cell lines in vitro and formation of metastatic lung cancer foci in vivo. ALDOA promoted metastasis independent of its enzymatic activity. Immunoprecipitation and proteomic analyses revealed γ-actin binds to ALDOA; blocking this interaction using specific peptides decreased metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Screening of clinically available drugs based on the crystal structure of ALDOA identified raltegravir, an antiretroviral agent that targets HIV integrase, as a pharmacologic inhibitor of ALDOA-γ-actin binding that produced antimetastatic and survival benefits in a xenograft model with no significant toxicity. In summary, ALDOA promotes lung cancer metastasis by interacting with γ-actin. Targeting this interaction provides a new therapeutic strategy to treat lung cancer metastasis.Significance:This study demonstrates the role of aldolase A and its interaction with γ-actin in the metastasis of non–small lung cancer and that blocking this interaction could be an effective cancer treatment.