bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD146 T cells in lung cancer: its function, detection, and clinical implications as a biomarker and therapeutic target
Authors: Olajuyin Ayobami Matthew , Olajuyin Adefunke Kafayat , Wang Ziqi , Zhao Xingru , Zhang Xiaoju 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCD146 alternatively called melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM), is a biomarker and therapeutic target of clinical significance. It is found on different cells including the endothelial cells and lymphocytes which participate in heterotypic and homotypic ligand-receptor. This review concentrated on the CD146 expression T cells (or lymphocytes) centering on Treg in lung cancer. Here, we have also considered the vigorous investigation of CD146 mainly acknowledged new roles, essential mechanisms and clinical implications of CD146 in cancer. CD146 has progressively become a significant molecule, particularly recognized as a novel biomarker, prognosis and therapy for cancer. Hence, targeting CD146 expression by utilization of methanol extracts ofCalotropis proceraleaf may be useful for the treatment of carcinogenesis.
‘An uneasy compromise’: strategies and dilemmas in realizing a permissive abortion law in Ethiopia
Authors: Tadele Getnet , Haukanes Haldis , Blystad Astrid , Moland Karen Marie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionAt the turn of the century, when the Millennium Development Goals placed maternal mortality reduction high on the global agenda, Ethiopia relaxed its restrictive abortion law to expand grounds on which a woman could legally obtain an abortion. This radical policy shift took place within a context of predominant anti-abortion public opinion shaped by strong religious convictions. Drawing upon Walt and Gilson’s policy analysis framework, this paper explores the tension between public policy and religious dogma for the strategies chosen by the Ethiopian Ministry of Health and its partners implementing the new policy, and for access to safe abortion services.MethodsThe study employed a qualitative research methodology. It targeted organizations that are key stakeholders in the field of reproductive health. These included policy makers and policy implementers like ministries, UN agencies and international and national NGOs as well as religious organizations as key opinion leaders. The data collection took place in Addis Ababa between 2016 and 2018. A total of 26 interviews were conducted, transcribed, and analyzed using the principles of qualitative content analysis.ResultsOur analysis showed that the implementing organizations adopted a strategy of silence not to provoke anti-abortion sentiments and politicization of the abortion issue which was seen as a threat to the revised law and policy. This strategy has facilitated a rollout of services and has improved access to safe abortion care. Nevertheless informants were concerned that the silence strategy has prevented dissemination of knowledge about the revised law to the general public, to health workers and to the police. In turn this has caused confusion about eligibility to legal and safe abortion procedures.ConclusionsWhile silence as a strategy works to protect the law enhancing the health and survival of young women, it may at the same time prevent the law from being fully effective. As a long term strategy, silence fails to expand awareness and access to safe abortion services, and may not sufficiently serve to fulfill the potential of the law to prevent abortion related maternal deaths.
Why teach sexuality education in school? Teacher discretion in implementing comprehensive sexuality education in rural Zambia
Authors: Zulu Joseph Mumba , Blystad Astrid , Haaland Marte E. S. , Michelo Charles , Haukanes Haldis , Moland Karen Marie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundReproductive health problems such as HIV, unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion among adolescents are closely linked to insufficient knowledge about sexuality and reproduction and lack of access to contraceptives. Supported by international agencies, Zambia has introduced an ambitious nation-wide program for comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) to be implemented into ordinary school activities by teachers. The curriculum is firmly based in a discourse of sexual and reproductive rights, not commonly found in the public debate on sexuality in Zambia. This paper explores how teachers perceive the curriculum and practice discretion when implementing the CSE in mid-level schools in Nyimba district in Zambia.MethodsUsing a case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with 18 teachers and analyzed thematically drawing upon theories of discretion and policy implementation.ResultsIndividual teachers make decisions on their own regarding what and when to teach CSE. This discretion implies holding back information from the learners, teaching abstinence as the only way of preventing pregnancy or cancelling sexuality education sessions altogether. Teachers’ choices about the CSE program were linked to lack of guidance on teaching of the curriculum, especially with regards to how to integrate sexuality education into existing subjects. Limited prioritization of CSE in the educational sector was observed. The incompatibility of CSE with local norms and understandings about adolescent sexuality combined with teacher-parent role dilemmas emerged as problematic in implementing the policy. Limited ownership of the new curriculum further undermined teachers’ motivation to actively include CSE in daily teaching activities. Use of discretion has resulted in arbitrary teaching thus affecting the acquisition of comprehensive sexual and reproductive health knowledge among learners.ConclusionThe CSE had limited legitimacy in the community and was met with resistance from teachers tasked with its’ implementation. In order to enhance ownership to the CSE program, local concerns about the contents of the curriculum and the parent-teacher role dilemma must be taken into consideration. Not addressing these challenges may undermine the policy’s intention of increasing knowledge about sexuality and reproduction and empowering adolescents to access contraceptive services and avoid unwanted pregnancies.
Can patient and fracture factors predict opioid dependence following upper extremity fractures?: a retrospective review
Authors: Sabesan Vani Janaki , Chatha Kiran , Goss Lucas , Ghisa Claudia , Gilot Gregory 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Since the early 1990s, opioids have been used as a mainstay for pain management surrounding fracture injuries. As opioid dependence has become a major public health issue, it is important to understand what factors can leave patients vulnerable. The purpose of this study was to examine what risk factors, patient or injury severity, contribute most to postoperative opioid dependence following surgical treatment of proximal humerus fractures (PHFs).

Methods
A retrospective review of all patients who underwent an open reduction and internal fixation of PHF was performed within a large multisite hospital system. Recorded variables included age, gender, ASA class, BMI, fracture type, time to surgery, pre- and postoperative opioid prescriptions, physical and psychological comorbidities, smoking status, and complications. Pre- and postoperative opioid dependence was defined as prescription opioid use in the 3 months leading up to or following surgery. Odds ratio calculations were performed for each variable, and a multivariate logistic regression was used to compare all predictors.

Results
A total of 198 surgically treated PHFs were included in the cohort with an average age of 59.9 years. Thirty-nine cases were determined to be preoperatively opioid dependent while 159 cases were preoperatively opioid naïve. Preoperative opioid dependence was found to be a significant risk factor for postoperative narcotic dependence, carrying a 2.42 times increased risk. (CI 1.07–5.48, p = 0.034). Fracture type was also found to be a risk factor for postoperative dependence, with complex 3- and 4-part fracture patients being 1.93 times more likely to be opioid dependent postoperatively compared to 2 part fractures (CI 1.010–3.764, p = 0.049). All other factors were not found to have any significant influence on postoperative opioid dependence.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that the most important risk factors of postoperative opioid dependence following proximal humerus fractures are preoperative dependence and fracture complexity. It is important for orthopedic surgeons to ensure that patients who have more complex fractures or are preoperatively opioid dependent receive adequate education on their increased risk and support to wean off of opioids following surgery.

Level of evidence
III
Chaos, control, and synchronization in some fractional-order difference equations
Authors: Khennaoui Amina-Aicha , Ouannas Adel , Bendoukha Samir , Grassi Giuseppe , Wang Xiong , Pham Viet-Thanh , Alsaadi Fawaz E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we propose three fractional chaotic maps based on the well known 3D Stefanski, Rössler, and Wang maps. The dynamics of the proposed fractional maps are investigated experimentally by means of phase portraits, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponents. In addition, three control laws are introduced for these fractional maps and the convergence of the controlled states towards zero is guaranteed by means of the stability theory of linear fractional discrete systems. Furthermore, a combined synchronization scheme is introduced whereby the fractional Rössler map is considered as a drive system with the response system being a combination of the remaining two maps. Numerical results are presented throughout the paper to illustrate the findings.
PBDEs Concentrate in the Fetal Portion of the Placenta: Implications for Thyroid Hormone Dysregulation
Authors: Ruis Matthew T , Rock Kylie D , Hall Samantha M , Horman Brian , Patisaul Heather B , Stapleton Heather M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
During pregnancy, the supply of thyroid hormone (TH) to the fetus is critically important for fetal growth, neural development, metabolism, and maintenance of pregnancy. Additionally, in cases where maternal and placental TH regulation is significantly altered, there is an increased risk of several adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is unclear what may be disrupting placental TH regulation; however, studies suggest that environmental contaminants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), could be playing a role. In this study, Wistar rats were gestationally exposed to a mixture of PBDEs for 10 days. THs and PBDEs were quantified in paired maternal serum, dissected placenta, and fetuses, and mRNA expression of transporters in the placenta was assessed. Significantly higher concentrations of PBDEs were observed in the fetal portion of the placenta compared with the maternal side, suggesting that PBDEs are actively transported across the interface. PBDEs were also quantified in 10 recently collected human maternal and fetal placental tissues; trends paralleled observations in the rat model. We also observed an effect of PBDEs on T3 levels in dam serum, as well as suggestive changes in the T3 levels of the placenta and fetus that varied by fetal sex. mRNA expression in the placenta also significantly varied by fetal sex and dose. These observations suggest the placenta is a significant modifier of fetal exposures, and that PBDEs are impacting TH regulation in a sex-specific manner during this critical window of development.
Mechanical and optical properties of the femoral chordotonal organ in beetles (Coleoptera)
Authors: Frantsevich Leonid , Shumakova Irina , Gladun Dmytro 
Published: September 2019

Femoral chordotonal organ (FCO) in beetles differs from that in orthopterids in origin of a FCO apodeme: directly from the tibia in the latter, amidst the tendon of the extensor muscle in the former. In many beetles, the apodeme pops up from the tendon as a short sclerite (arculum). It turns distally upon bending of the tibia. The turn of the arculum is several times more then the turn of the tibia. The arculum is connected with the FCO. This system behaves as a high pass filter with a time constant close to the step period.
The arculum was studied at various aspects: shape of the arculum in various taxa, biomechanics, matched neural activity in the FCO, evolutionary aspects. Results, published in 1985-2003 in Russian, are unknown for foreign readers. Original texts and the list of studied species (&gt;350) are now available on line.
Recently, we minimized the system to few components: proximal tibial ledge-tendon-arculum. The elastic tendon contains resilin. In four model species, the arculum readily turned upon stretch of the tendon. Turning was video recorded. The force about 0.5 G, applied to a tendon of about ¼ mm in size, is enough for the utmost turn of the arculum. The arculum turned also upon local deformations close to its base. Ability to turn vanished after incision between the arculum and the distal part of the extensor apodeme. A mechanical model of an amplifier is proposed. The apodeme includes optically active structures, which behave differently in polarized light.
A method for cranial target delineation in radiotherapy treatment planning aided by single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy: evaluation using a custom-designed gel-based phantom and simulations
Authors: Zeinali- Rafsanjani Banafsheh , Mosleh-Shirazi Mohammad Amin , Faghihi Reza , Saeedi-Moghadam Mahdi , Lotfi Mehrzad , Jalli Reza 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been useful in radiotherapy treatment planning (RTP) especially in tumor delineation. Routinely, 2D/3D MRSI data are used for this application. However, not all centers have access to 2D/3D MRSI. The objective of this study was to introduce a method of using single-voxel spectroscopy (SVS) data in target delineation and assess its reliability.

Methods:
A gel-based phantom containing Creatine (Cr), N-acetyl-l-aspartic-acid (NAA), and Choline (Cho) was designed and built. The metabolite ratios simulate the normal and tumoral part of the brain. The jMRUI software (v. 6.0) was used to simulate a 1.5 T GE MRI scanner. The metabolite spectra provided by different time of echos (TE)s of the Point-RESolved Spectroscopy pulse-sequence (PRESS), different data-points, and post-processings were quantized by jMRUI. PseudoMRSI maps of Cho/Cr, NAA/Cr, and Cho + Cr/NAA were created. A conformity index (CI) was used to determine which metabolite-ratio isolines are more appropriate for tumor delineation.

Results:
The simulation accuracy was verified. There were no differences &gt; 4% between the measured and simulated spectra in peak regions. The pseudoMRSI map of Cho + Cr/NAA smoothly followed the complicated geometry of the tumor inside the gel-based phantom. The results showed that the single-voxel spectra produced by the PRESS pulse sequence with the TE of 144 ms, 512 data-points, and minimum post-processings of water suppression, eddy current correction, and baseline correction can be used for target delineation.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that SVS data can be used to aid target delineation by using a mathematical approach. This can enable a wider use of MR-derived information in radiotherapy.

Advances in knowledge:
To the best of our knowledge, until now, 2D or 3D MRSI data provided from 3T MRI scanners have been used for MRS-based radiotherapy treatment planning. However, there are a lot of centers that are equipped to 1.5 T MRI scanners and some of them just equipped to SVS. This study introduces a mathematical approach to help these centers to take the benefits of MRS-based treatment planning.
Physical advantages of particles: protons and light ions
Authors: Jäkel Oliver 
Published: September 2019

Proton and ion beam therapy has been introduced in the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in the mid-1950s, when protons and helium ions have been used for the first time to treat patients. Starting in 1972, the scientists at Berkeley also were the first to use heavier ions (carbon, oxygen, neon, silicon and argon ions). The first clinical ion beam facility opened in 1994 in Japan and since then, the interest in radiotherapy with light ion beams has been increasing slowly but steadily, with 13 centers in clinical operation in 2019. All these centers are using carbon ions for clinical application.
The article outlines the differences in physical properties of various light ions as compared to protons in view of the application in radiotherapy. These include the energy loss and depth dose properties, multiple scattering, range straggling and nuclear fragmentation. In addition, the paper discusses differences arising from energy loss and linear energy transfer with respect to their biological effects.
Moreover, the paper reviews briefly the existing clinical data comparing protons and ions and outlines the future perspectives for the clinical use of ions like oxygen and helium.
Establishment of wMel Wolbachia in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and reduction of local dengue transmission in Cairns and surrounding locations in northern Queensland, Australia
Authors: Ryan Peter A. , Turley Andrew P. , Wilson Geoff , Hurst Tim P. , Retzki Kate , Brown-Kenyon Jack , Hodgson Lauren , Kenny Nichola , Cook Helen , Montgomery Brian L. , Paton Christopher J. , Ritchie Scott A. , Hoffmann Ary A. , Jewell Nicholas P. , Tanamas Stephanie K. , Anders Katherine L. , Simmons Cameron P. , O’Neill Scott L. 
Published: September 2019

Background: The wMel strain of Wolbachia has been successfully introduced into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and subsequently shown in laboratory studies to reduce transmission of a range of viruses including dengue, Zika, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Mayaro viruses that cause human disease. Here we report the entomological and epidemiological outcomes of staged deployment of Wolbachia across nearly all significant dengue transmission risk areas in Australia. Methods: The wMel strain of Wolbachia was backcrossed into the local Aedes aegypti genotype (Cairns and Townsville backgrounds) and mosquitoes were released in the field by staff or via community assisted methods. Mosquito monitoring was undertaken and mosquitoes were screened for the presence of Wolbachia. Dengue case notifications were used to track dengue incidence in each location before and after releases. Results: Empirical analyses of the Wolbachia mosquito releases, including data on the density, frequency and duration of Wolbachia mosquito releases, indicate that Wolbachia can be readily established in local mosquito populations, using a variety of deployment options and over short release durations (mean release period 11 weeks, range 2-22 weeks). Importantly, Wolbachia frequencies have remained stable in mosquito populations since releases for up to 8 years. Analysis of dengue case notifications data demonstrates near-elimination of local dengue transmission for the past five years in locations where Wolbachia has been established. The regression model estimate of Wolbachia intervention effect from interrupted time series analyses of case notifications data prior to and after releases, indicated a 96% reduction in dengue incidence in Wolbachia treated populations (95% confidence interval: 84 – 99%). Conclusion: Deployment of the wMel strain of Wolbachia into local Ae. aegypti populations across the Australian regional cities of Cairns and most smaller regional communities with a past history of dengue has resulted in the reduction of local dengue transmission across all deployment areas.
Genealogia płocka – nowe spojrzenie na źródło małopolskie z drugiej połowy XIII wieku
Authors: Gołdys Norbert 
Published: September 2019

The Płock Genealogy – a New Interpretation of the Małopolska Source of the Second Half of the Thirteenth Century
The aim of the article is to determine when the Płock Genealogy (Genealogia płocka) was created and the content of its ideological message. The text of the work has survived in one of the manuscripts in the library of Płock Charter. The subject of this text is a short description of subsequent generations of the Piast Dynasty from the earliest times to the end of the thirteenth century. This analysis includes establishing the relationship between the manuscript and other existing historical works and annals from up to the mid-fourteenth century, a detailed comparison of the information they contain with existing findings on the genealogy of the Piast Dynasty, as well as a review of the structure of the work.
Model of Soil and Water Conservation Measures Application based on District Spatial Planning in Mamasa Watershed, South Sulawesi
Authors: Yusuf Sri Malahayati 
Published: September 2019

Depletion of watershed carrying capacity cannot be omitted from mismanagement of the watershed. The integration between SWAT model and remote sensing data are able to identify, assess, and evaluate watershed problem as well as a tool to apply the mitigation of the problem. The aim of this study was to arrange the scenario of watershed management, and decide the best recommendation of sustainable watershed management of Mamasa Sub Watershed. The best recommendation was decided by hydrology parameters, e.i. surface runoff, sediment, and runoff coefficient. Hydrology characteristics of Mamasa Sub Watershed was analyzed based on land use data of year 2012 and climate data for period of 2010-2012. The scenarios were application of bunch and mulch in slope 1-15%; bunch terrace (scenario 1), mulch and strip grass in slope 15-25% (scenario 2), alley cropping in slope 25-40% (scenario 3), and combination scenario 1, 2, 3 with agroforestry in slope > 40% (scenario4). Surface runoff value of Mamasa Sub Watershed is 581.35 mm, while lateral flow, groundwater flow, runoff coefficient, and sediment yield of 640.72 mm, 228.17 mm, 0.29, and 187.213 ton/ha respectively. Based on the scenarios simulation, the fourth scenario was able to reduce surface runoff and sediment yield of 33.441% and of 51.213%, while the runoff coefficient declined to 0.194. Thereby, the fourth scenario is recommended to be applied in Mamasa Sub Watershed so that the sustainability in the watershed can be achieved.
Optimization of Aqueous Two Phase Extraction of Proteins from Litopenaeus Vannamei Waste by Response Surface Methodology Coupled Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Saravana Pandian P. , Sindhanai Selvan S. , Subathira A. , Saravanan S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Waste generated from industrial processing of seafood is an enormous source of commercially valuable proteins. One among the underutilized seafood waste is shrimp waste, which primarily consists of head and carapace. Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) is the widely cultivated shrimp in Asia and contributes to 90 % of aggregate shrimp production in the world. This work was focused on extraction as well as purification of value-added proteins from L. vannamei waste in a single step aqueous two phase system (ATPS). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and trisodium citrate system were chosen for the ATPS owing to their adequate partitioning and less toxic nature. Response surface methodology (RSM) was implemented for the optimization of independent process variables such as PEG molecular weight (2000 to 6000), pH (6 to 8) and temperature (25 to 45 °C). The results obtained from RSM were further validated using a Multi-objective genetic algorithm (MGA). At the optimized condition of PEG molecular weight 2000, pH 8 and temperature 35 °C, maximum partition coefficient and protein yield were found to be 2.79 and 92.37 %, respectively. Thus, L. vannamei waste was proved to be rich in proteins, which could be processed industrially through cost-effective non-polluting ATPS extraction, and RSM coupled MGA could be a potential tool for such process optimization.