bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convective Patterns in Solution‐Casted Films from Acylated Hyaluronan
Authors: Chmelař Josef , Mrazek Jiri , Dusankova Marcela , Novotny Jaroslav , Velebny Vladimir 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe evaporation of thin solution layers is an important process taking place in fields such as distillation, coating, or thin film manufacturing. Under suitable conditions, evaporation can induce convective flow by creating gradients in surface tension (Bénard–Marangoni instability) or density. These phenomena have been studied by many authors, but detailed and illustrative visualizations of real experiments are surprisingly scarce compared to simulation results and drawn schemes. Therefore, detailed and representative visualizations of regular Bénard–Marangoni convective cell patterns are provided in solution‐casted films from acylated hyaluronan. The visualizations agree with predictions made in the literature, thus providing important experimental validation. Most importantly, structures resulting from both horizontal and vertical convective flow are clearly visible. In a subsequent parametric study, the effects of selected parameters on the size of the convective cells are elucidated. The results suggest that the cell size increases with increasing solution layer height and increasing polymer concentration, while no statistically significant effect is observed for the degree of hyaluronan substitution.
Starshapedness of the superlevel sets of solutions to equations involving the fractional Laplacian in starshaped rings
Authors: Jarohs Sven , Kulczycki Tadeusz , Salani Paolo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe study solutions of the problem

urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201700226:mana201700226-math-0001where are open sets such that , , and f is a nonlinearity. Under different assumptions on f we prove that, if D0 and D1 are starshaped with respect to the same point , then the same occurs for every superlevel set of u.
The impact of visualizing use versus acquisition of a product on the appeal of its complement
Authors: Zemack‐Rugar Yael , Rabino Rebecca 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPrior work on consumer visualization has focused on how visualization increases the appeal of the imagined product itself. Instead, the present work examines the effects of visualization on the appeal of the imagined product's complement. The authors distinguish between two visualized consumption actions: use and acquisition. Both are predicted to increase the appeal of the complement, but this increase is expected to be asymmetric, with imagined acquisition leading to a greater increase than imagined use. Specifically, the authors propose that imagining use evokes consideration of how one would interact with the product, which increases the salience of the imagined product's attributes. Conversely, imagining acquisition evokes consideration of why one would purchase the product, which increases the salience of the imagined product's goals. As complementarity is defined by products’ shared goals (not physical attributes), it is predicted and shown that imagining acquisition results in a greater increase in the appeal of the complement than imagining use. Four studies demonstrate the asymmetric effect of imagined use versus acquisition on preference, choice, and willingness‐to‐pay for a complement. The studies also provide evidence for the proposed process and rule out several alternative explanations. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Enhanced hyperpolarized chemical shift imaging based on a priori segmented information
Authors: Farkash Gil , Markovic Stefan , Novakovic Mihajlo , Frydman Lucio 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to develop an approach for improving the resolution and sensitivity of hyperpolarized 13C MRSI based on a priori anatomical information derived from featured, water‐based 1H images.MethodsA reconstruction algorithm exploiting 1H MRI for the redefinition of the 13C MRSI anatomies was developed, based on a modification of the spectroscopy with linear algebraic modeling (SLAM) principle. To enhance 13C spatial resolution and reduce spillover effects without compromising SNR, this model was extended by endowing it with a search allowing smooth variations in the 13C MR intensity within the targeted regions of interest.ResultsExperiments were performed in vitro on enzymatic solutions and in vivo on rodents, based on the administration of 13C‐enriched hyperpolarized pyruvate and urea. The spectral images reconstructed for these substrates and from metabolic products based on predefined 1H anatomical compartments using the new algorithm, compared favorably with those arising from conventional Fourier‐based analyses of the same data. The new approach also delivered reliable kinetic 13C results, for the kind of processes and timescales usually targeted by hyperpolarized MRSI.ConclusionA simple, flexible strategy is introduced to boost the sensitivity and resolution provided by hyperpolarized 13C MRSI, based on readily available 1H MR information.
Simian immunodeficiency virus transiently increases brain temperature in rhesus monkeys: detection with magnetic resonance spectroscopy thermometry
Authors: Mintzopoulos Dionyssios , Ratai Eva‐Maria , He Julian , Gonzalez Ramon Gilberto , Kaufman Marc J. 
Published: January 2019

PurposeTo evaluate brain temperature effects of early simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in rhesus macaques using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) thermometry (MRSt) and to determine whether temperature correlates with brain choline or myo‐inositol levels.MethodsBrain temperature was retrospectively determined in serial MRS scans that had been acquired at baseline and at 2 and 4 weeks post‐SIV infection (wpi) in 16 monkeys by calculating the chemical shift difference between N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) and water peaks in sequentially acquired water‐suppressed and unsuppressed point‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) spectra. Frontal and parietal cortex, basal ganglia, and white matter spectra were analyzed.ResultsAt 2 wpi, brain and rectal temperatures increased relative to baseline and normalized at 4 wpi. Brain temperatures correlated with choline levels in several brain areas, but not with myo‐inositol levels.ConclusionThese data indicate that SIV transiently increases brain temperature soon after infection and that temperature is correlated with transient changes in choline levels. Given that choline levels are associated with brain inflammation in SIV‐infected monkeys, our findings suggest that the SIV‐induced temperature increase reflects brain inflammation. We conclude that MRSt may be informative in human immunodeficiency virus models and may be useful for assessing effects of treatments that reduce inflammation. This study also illustrates that existing MRS data sets containing unsuppressed water spectra can be used to measure tissue temperature, an important physiological parameter.
A novel bioreactor for combined magnetic resonance spectroscopy and optical imaging of metabolism in 3D cell cultures
Authors: Cox Benjamin L. , Erickson‐Bhatt Sarah , Szulczewski Joseph M. , Squirrell Jayne M. , Ludwig Kai D. , Macdonald Erin B. , Swader Robert , Ponik Suzanne M. , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Fain Sean B. 
Published: January 2019

PurposeFluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of endogenous fluorescent metabolites permits the measurement of cellular metabolism in cell, tissue and animal models. In parallel, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of dynamic nuclear (hyper)polarized (DNP) 13C‐pyruvate enables measurement of metabolism at larger in vivo scales. Presented here are the design and initial application of a bioreactor that connects these 2 metabolic imaging modalities in vitro, using 3D cell cultures.MethodsThe model fitting for FLIM data analysis and the theory behind a model for the diffusion of pyruvate into a collagen gel are detailed. The device is MRI‐compatible, including an optical window, a temperature control system and an injection port for the introduction of contrast agents. Three‐dimensional printing, computer numerical control machining and laser cutting were used to fabricate custom parts.ResultsPerformance of the bioreactor is demonstrated for 4 T1 murine breast cancer cells under glucose deprivation. Mean nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence lifetimes were 10% longer and hyperpolarized 13C lactate:pyruvate (Lac:Pyr) ratios were 60% lower for glucose‐deprived 4 T1 cells compared to 4 T1 cells in normal medium. Looking at the individual components of the NADH fluorescent lifetime, τ1 (free NADH) showed no significant change, while τ2 (bound NADH) showed a significant increase, suggesting that the increase in mean lifetime was due to a change in bound NADH.ConclusionA novel bioreactor that is compatible with, and can exploit the benefits of, both FLIM and 13C MRS in 3D cell cultures for studies of cell metabolism has been designed and applied.
Cliff retreat of permafrost coast in south‐west Baydaratskaya Bay, Kara Sea, during 2005–2016
Authors: Isaev V.S. , Koshurnikov A.V. , Pogorelov A. , Amangurov R.M. , Podchasov O. , Sergeev D.O. , Buldovich S.N. , Aleksyutina D.M. , Grishakina E.A. , Kioka A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRecent years of increasing air temperature in the Arctic have led to a significant increase in the rate of retreat of permafrost coast, which has threatened livelihoods and infrastructure in these areas. The Kara Sea hosts more than 25% of the total Arctic coastline. However, little is known about how coastal erosion in the Kara Sea may have changed through time, and the climatic and environmental drivers remain unclear. Here we study coastal dynamics along a 4‐km stretch of permafrost and sea‐ice‐affected coastline in south‐west Baydaratskaya Bay of the Kara Sea, western Siberia, between 2005 and 2016, by using handheld differential GPS mapping and satellite imagery. We identified temporal and spatial variations in the retreat rates, ranging between 1.0 (+0.1/−0.6) and 1.9 (+0.7/−1.3) m/yr over the studied coastline during 2005–2016. We also made ground temperature measurements, subsurface resistivity measurements and estimates of wave energy flux of wind‐driven ocean waves, to investigate the dominant climatic factors influencing the observed retreat rates through time. We found that wind‐driven wave activity during sea‐ice‐free days influences the magnitude of coastal retreat in the study area, while recent temperature rise has contributed less to enhancing coastal retreat during the study period. This suggests that the amount of eroded sediment and the associated release of nutrient to the nearshore zone are controlled by the magnitude of wave activity, which may influence infrastructure along the permafrost coast and marine ecosystems in the proximal ocean.
Expression of MUC1 in eosinophilic metaplasia of the prostate
Authors: Koleva Maria , Dikov Dorian , Belovejdov Veselin , Sarafian Victoria 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundEosinophilic metaplasia (EM) in the prostate is characterized by the presence of eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules in benign prostatic epithelium. These granules show exocrine‐type morphology and positive expression for prostate specific antigen (PSA) and some lysosomal markers. The nature and the full immunohistochemical profile of the granules of EM have not been studied in detail yet.AimThe aim of the current study is to investigate the expression of epithelial mucins (MUCs) in prostatic epithelium with EM.MethodsTwenty specimens from transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) were reviewed for the presence of EM and were stained with Periodic acid‐Schiff's procedure with diastase digestion (PAS.D) and immunostained with PSA and MUCs: MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6.ResultsThe EM‐foci of all prostate glands are PAS.D, PSA positive and show constant immunoreactivity for MUC1. The expression of MUC1 is with membranous and cytoplasmic localization: predominantly apical with membranous accentuation in the cases of EM with large eosinophilic granules, and perinuclear in EM with small eosinophilic granules. There is no expression of other MUCs (MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6) in prostatic EM.ConclusionWe report for the first time that eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules in prostatic EM are MUC1 positive and can vary in size. Based on our immunohistochemical study we suggest that EM of the prostate is not a form of mucinous metaplasia. The present results enrich the available information about the immunophenotype of EM. We assume that MUC1 might serve as a reliable and constant, although nonspecific, immunohistochemical marker of benign EM‐phenotype.
Transovarial effects of insect growth regulators on Stephanitis pyrioides (Hemiptera: Tingidae)
Authors: Joseph Shimat V 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAzalea lace bug, Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) is a serious insect pest of azaleas (Rhododendron L. spp.) in the USA. S. pyrioides feeding causes chlorosis, which affects the aesthetic value and marketability of azalea plants. Management of S. pyrioides primarily involves neonicotinoid insecticides and their use has been drastically reduced or discontinued. Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are known to elicit transovarial activity as IGR‐exposed adults produce non‐viable eggs, which is not documented for S. pyrioides. Thus, transovarial activity of novaluron, azadirachtin, pyriproxyfen and buprofezin has been explored against S. pyrioides.RESULTSA low number of S. pyrioides young instars was produced when adults were exposed to topical novaluron compared with non‐treated adults. When adults contacted dried residues of novaluron and buprofezin, production of young instars was reduced relative to non‐treated controls. When insects exposed to 1.0× and < 1.0× doses of novaluron were compared, the number of young instars produced was similar.CONCLUSIONTransovarial activity was elicited in S. pyrioides when adults were exposed to IGRs, especially novaluron. When adults were exposed to < 1.0× (up to 0.25×) and 1.0× doses of novaluron, the transovarial effect was similar. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The phytochemical and anti‐inflammatory studies of Dillenia suffruticosa leaves
Authors: Abubakar Saifullah , Al‐Mansoub Majed Ahmed , Murugaiyah Vikneswaran , Chan Kit‐Lam 
Published: January 2019

The Dillenia suffruticosa leaves (Dilleniaceae), a folk medicine recommended in Southeast Asia for treating inflammation, were phytochemically studied for the first time and assessed for suppression of λ‐carrageenan‐induced paw oedema in rats. The crude methanolic extract orally administered at 5,000 mg/kg, displayed no toxicity and at 250 to 1,000 mg/kg significantly suppressed the paw oedema. Two‐isolated triterpenoids, betulinic acid (1) and koetjapic acid (2) orally administered at 50 mg/kg, significantly reduced the paw oedema, (p < 0.001) and (p < 0.005) at the fourth h onwards to 47.36% ± 2.23 and 53.43% ± 7.09, respectively, from 95.90% ± 6.88 oedema induced by λ‐carrageenan alone. 1 and the isolated flavonoids of vitexin (3), tiliroside (4), and kaempferol (5), displayed moderately more of cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 than COX‐1 enzyme inhibition, whereas 2 was slightly more inhibition of COX‐1. The in silico molecular docking studies provided support to the in vitro COX studies that the isolated compounds formed H‐bonding with the amino acid residues at the COX‐2 catalytic sites. The triterpenoids were bound to the peroxidase, possibly inhibiting the peroxidase reaction, whereas the flavonoids interacted more at the cyclooxygenase, resembling celecoxib, therefore providing evidences that these compounds were responsible for the anti‐inflammatory properties of D. suffruticosa.
Effect of panaxytriol on cytochrome P450 3A4 via the pregnane X receptor regulatory pathway
Authors: Wu Jie , Yao Na , Hu Qingqing , Liu Mingyi , Zhang Hong , Xiong Yuqing , Hu Jinfang , Xia Chunhua 
Published: January 2019

Panaxytriol (PXT) is one of the major effective components of red ginseng and Shenmai injection. The present study aimed to explore the effect of PXT on cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) based on the pregnane X receptor (PXR)–CYP3A4 regulatory pathway in HepG2 cells and hPXR‐overexpressing HepG2 cells treated with PXT for different time periods using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and dual‐luciferase reporter gene assays. PXT could upregulate the levels of PXR and CYP3A4 mRNA in HepG2 cells treated with PXT for 1 hr, with no impact on the expression of their protein levels. The expression levels of both PXR and CYP3A4 mRNA and protein in HepG2 cells treated with PXT for 24 hr increased in a concentration‐dependent manner. The effects of PXT on the expression of PXR and CYP3A4 mRNA and protein in hPXR‐overexpressing HepG2 cells were similar to those in HepG2 cells. Moreover, the influence trend of PXT on CYP3A4 was consistent with that of PXR in HepG2 cells and hPXR‐overexpressing HepG2 cells. The dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay in HepG2 cells further demonstrated that PXT treatment for specific time periods could significantly induce the expression of CYP3A4 mediated by the PXR regulatory pathway.
Ab‐initio study of electronic, optical, thermal, and transport properties of Cr4AlB6
Authors: Rastogi Anugya , Rajpoot Priyanka , Rastogi Rupali , Verma Udai P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTheoretical investigation of different physical parameters of Cr4AlB6 have been done within the framework of density functional theory. Cr4AlB6 is a no band gap material. Its Cr‐3d states contributes the most at the Fermi level. Thermal properties are investigated using quasi‐harmonic Debye model as implemented in Gibbs code for different values of pressure and temperature. Study of transport property suggests that its electrical conductivity increases nonlinearly with increase in temperature but the relative change in its value is very low whereas its thermal conductivity increases linearly with the increase in temperature and relative increase in thermal conductivity is very high. The behavior of Cr4AlB6 is anisotropic and property is ceramic. It has potential applications in making ceramic capacitors. Its reflectivity is high in low energy region. It suggests that material can be used as coating material for far‐infrared radiation. Study of the transport property suggests that because of very high value of thermal conductivity, it can be used for heat sink applications.
Improved H∞ sampled‐data control for semilinear parabolic PDE systems
Authors: Wu Huai‐Ning , Wang Zi‐Peng , Li Han‐Xiong 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIn this paper, an H∞ sampled‐data control problem is addressed for semilinear parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) systems. By using a time‐dependent Lyapunov functional and vector Poincare's inequality, a sampled‐data controller under spatially averaged measurements is developed to stabilize exponentially the PDE system with an H∞ control performance. The stabilization condition is presented in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, simulation results on the control of the diffusion equation and the FitzHugh‐Nagumo equation are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.
Using simulation studies to evaluate statistical methods
Authors: Morris Tim P. , White Ian R. , Crowther Michael J. 
Published: January 2019

Simulation studies are computer experiments that involve creating data by pseudo‐random sampling. A key strength of simulation studies is the ability to understand the behavior of statistical methods because some “truth” (usually some parameter/s of interest) is known from the process of generating the data. This allows us to consider properties of methods, such as bias. While widely used, simulation studies are often poorly designed, analyzed, and reported. This tutorial outlines the rationale for using simulation studies and offers guidance for design, execution, analysis, reporting, and presentation. In particular, this tutorial provides a structured approach for planning and reporting simulation studies, which involves defining aims, data‐generating mechanisms, estimands, methods, and performance measures (“ADEMP”); coherent terminology for simulation studies; guidance on coding simulation studies; a critical discussion of key performance measures and their estimation; guidance on structuring tabular and graphical presentation of results; and new graphical presentations. With a view to describing recent practice, we review 100 articles taken from Volume 34 ofStatistics in Medicine, which included at least one simulation study and identify areas for improvement.
Understanding the Giant Gap between Single‐Pore‐ and Membrane‐Based Nanofluidic Osmotic Power Generators
Authors: Gao Jun , Liu Xueli , Jiang Yanan , Ding Liping , Jiang Lei , Guo Wei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNanofluidic blue energy harvesting attracts great interest due to its high power density and easy‐to‐implement nature. Proof‐of‐concept studies on single‐pore platforms show that the power density approaches up to 103 to 106 W m–2. However, to translate the estimated high power density into real high power becomes a challenge in membrane‐scale applications. The actual power density from existing membrane materials is merely several watts per square meter. Understanding the origin and thereby bridging the giant gap between the single‐pore demonstration and the membrane‐scale application is therefore highly demanded. In this work, an intuitive resistance paradigm is adopted to show that this giant gap originates from the different ion transport property in porous membrane, which is dominated by both the constant reservoir resistance and the reservoir/nanopore interfacial resistance. In this case, the generated electric power becomes saturated despite the increasing pore number. The theoretical predictions are further compared with existing experimental results in literature. For both single nanopore and multipore membrane, the simulation results excellently cover the range of the experimental results. Importantly, by suppressing the reservoir and interfacial resistances, kW m–2 to MW m–2 power density can be achieved with multipore membranes, approaching the level of a single‐pore system.
Near‐Infrared Annihilation of Conductive Filaments in Quasiplane MoSe2/Bi2Se3 Nanosheets for Mimicking Heterosynaptic Plasticity
Authors: Wang Yan , Yang Jing , Wang Zhanpeng , Chen Jinrui , Yang Qing , Lv Ziyu , Zhou Ye , Zhai Yongbiao , Li Zongxiao , Han Su‐Ting 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt is desirable to imitate synaptic functionality to break through the memory wall in traditional von Neumann architecture. Modulating heterosynaptic plasticity between pre‐ and postneurons by another modulatory interneuron ensures the computing system to display more complicated functions. Optoelectronic devices facilitate the inspiration for high‐performance artificial heterosynaptic systems. Nevertheless, the utilization of near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation to act as a modulatory terminal for heterosynaptic plasticity emulation has not yet been realized. Here, an NIR resistive random access memory (RRAM) is reported, based on quasiplane MoSe2/Bi2Se3 heterostructure in which the anomalous NIR threshold switching and NIR reset operation are realized. Furthermore, it is shown that such an NIR irradiation can be employed as a modulatory terminal to emulate heterosynaptic plasticity. The reconfigurable 2D image recognition is also demonstrated by an RRAM crossbar array. NIR annihilation effect in quasiplane MoSe2/Bi2Se3 nanosheets may open a path toward optical‐modulated in‐memory computing and artificial retinal prostheses.