bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A moving boundary model for food isothermal drying and shrinkage: One‐dimensional versus two‐dimensional approaches
Authors: Adrover Alessandra , Brasiello Antonio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe investigate and quantify the error in the estimate of water diffusivity resulting from the adoption of one‐dimensional (1‐d) models to describe the drying process of thin discoidal or long‐thin cylindrical samples. Numerical results obtained with the 1‐d and the 2‐d moving boundary models recently proposed by Adrover, Brasiello, and Ponso (2019a, 2019b) are compared for different sample aspect ratios. The overestimate error of 1‐d model predictions of diffusivity falls below 5% for an aspect ratio radius‐over‐thickness R0/L0 > 10 for discoidal samples while, for cylindrical samples, the aspect ratio height‐to‐radius L0/R0 must be greater than 15 to get a similar level of accuracy. To overcome this issue we propose a modified 1‐d model able to take into account water flux from lateral surfaces (usually neglected in a 1‐d approach) thus reducing the overestimate error of water diffusivity below 2% even for low‐intermediate values of the aspect ratio. The 1‐d modified model is successfully applied to experimental data of convective drying of eggplant and chayote discoidal samples.Practical applicationsEnd consumer is increasingly demanding for ever more standardized and high quality food products. To meet these requirements, food industries are challenged to refine process design and control tools in order to be able to take into account the variability of both food matrices and operating conditions. This objective cannot be reached without the help of mathematical models based on first principles as the one here discussed and applied to food drying. The comparison between one‐ and two–dimensional approaches and the resulting quantification of errors in the adoption of simpler one‐dimensional models have a great practical interest for industrial applications as they provide reliable criteria to obtain good predictions even when the whole set of the needed experimental data are not available or too expensive. The developed method can be easily adopted to predict final food quality (moisture content, sample volume reduction, and deformation) and therefore to implement more refined control systems and to optimize process‐operating conditions, thus saving experimental and processing costs.
Associations of Usual Pace and Complex Task Gait Speeds With Incident Mobility Disability
Authors: Rosso Andrea L. , Metti Andrea L. , Faulkner Kimberly , Brach Jennifer S. , Studenski Stephanie A. , Redfern Mark , Rosano Caterina 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESTo assess whether gait speed under complex conditions predicts long‐term risk for mobility disability as well as or better than usual‐pace gait speed.DESIGNLongitudinal cohort study.SETTING/PARTICIPANTSSubsample of Health Aging and Body Composition study with follow‐up from 2002 to 2003 to 2010 to 2011, including 337 community‐dwelling adults (mean age = 78.5 years, 50.7% female, 26.1% black).MEASUREMENTSAssociations of gait speed measured under usual‐pace, fast‐pace, dual‐task, and narrow‐path conditions with mobility disability, defined by any self‐reported difficulty walking ¼ mile assessed annually, were tested by Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for demographic and health characteristics. Models were fitted for each walking condition, and R2 statistics were used to compare predictive value across models. Models were repeated for persistent mobility disability, defined as at least two consecutive years of mobility disability.RESULTSMobility disability occurred in 204 (60.5%) participants over the 8‐year follow‐up. There was a lower hazard of developing mobility disability with faster gait speed under all conditions. Hazard ratios, confidence intervals, and R2 of gait speed predicting mobility disability were similar across all four walking conditions (R2 range = 0.22‐0.27), but were strongest for dual‐task gait speed (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], R2 of fully adjusted models = 0.81 [0.75‐0.88], 0.27). Results were comparable for persistent mobility disability (R2 range = 0.26‐0.28).CONCLUSIONSlower gait speed under both usual‐pace and complex conditions may be a clinical indicator of future risk of mobility disability. These results support the call for increased use of gait speed measures in routine geriatric care. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2072–2076, 2019
Strengthening Geriatric Expertise in Swiss Nursing Homes: INTERCARE Implementation Study Protocol
Authors: Zúñiga Franziska , De Geest Sabina , Guerbaai Raphaëlle Ashley , Basinska Kornelia , Nicca Dunja , Kressig Reto W. , Zeller Andreas , Wellens Nathalie I.H. , De Pietro Carlo , Vlaeyen Ellen , Desmedt Mario , Serdaly Christine , Simon Michael 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVESNursing home (NH) residents with complex care needs ask for attentive monitoring of changes and appropriate in‐house decision making. However, access to geriatric expertise is often limited with a lack of geriatricians, general practitioners, and/or nurses with advanced clinical skills, leading to potentially avoidable hospitalizations. This situation calls for the development, implementation, and evaluation of innovative, contextually adapted nurse‐led care models that support NHs in improving their quality of care and reducing hospitalizations by investing in effective clinical leadership, geriatric expertise, and care coordination.DESIGNAn effectiveness‐implementation hybrid type 2 design to assess clinical outcomes of a nurse‐led care model and a mixed‐method approach to evaluate implementation outcomes will be applied. The model development, tailoring, and implementation are based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).SETTINGNHs in the German‐speaking region of Switzerland.PARTICIPANTSEleven NHs were recruited. The sample size was estimated assuming an average of .8 unplanned hospitalizations/1000 resident days and a reduction of 25% in NHs with the nurse‐led care model.INTERVENTIONThe multilevel complex context‐adapted intervention consists of six core elements (eg, specifically trained INTERCARE nurses or evidence‐based tools like Identify, Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation [ISBAR]). Multilevel implementation strategies include leadership and INTERCARE nurse training and support.MEASUREMENTSThe primary outcomes are unplanned hospitalizations/1000 care days. Secondary outcomes include unplanned emergency department visits, quality indicators (eg, physical restraint use), and costs. Implementation outcomes included, for example, fidelity to the model's core elements.CONCLUSIONThe INTERCARE study will provide evidence about the effectiveness of a nurse‐led care model in the real‐world setting and accompanying implementation strategies. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2145–2150, 2019
Controlling risks to ensure financial stability and reducing volatility
Authors: Gabbi Giampaolo , Levich Richard 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe 11th International Risk Management Conference was held at the University of Paris‐Dauphine and the EM LYON Business School (Paris Campus) in June 2018. The conference theme “1968–2018: From Z‐Score to Contemporary Risk Management, 50 Years of Risk Measurement and Management” was selected as a means to showcase the many ways that financial risk measurement has evolved and impacted financial risk management in banks and corporations as well as the tools used by asset managers and market regulators. The four papers included in this special issue of the Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting focus on a wide range of issues: How small differences in credit ratings effect the speed of adjustment in corporate leverage, the impact of using soft variables to assess default probabilities in European corporations, a new approach to measuring a company's intrinsic risk, and the effectiveness of short sale circuit breaker rules to limit stock price volatility. Our Foreword highlights the main findings of these papers and offers our assessment of the lessons they provide for financial managers and policymakers.
The energetic brain – A review from students to students
Authors: Bordone Melina Paula , Salman Mootaz M. , Titus Haley E. , Amini Elham , Andersen Jens V. , Chakraborti Barnali , Diuba Artem V. , Dubouskaya Tatsiana G. , Ehrke Eric , Espindola de Freitas Andiara , Braga de Freitas Guilherme , Gonçalves Rafaella A. , Gupta Deepali , Gupta Richa , Ha Sharon R. , Hemming Isabel A. , Jaggar Minal , Jakobsen Emil , Kumari Punita , Lakkappa Navya , Marsh Ashley P. L. , Mitlöhner Jessica , Ogawa Yuki , Paidi Ramesh Kumar , Ribeiro Felipe C. , Salamian Ahmad , Saleem Suraiya , Sharma Sorabh , Silva Joana M. , Singh Shripriya , Sulakhiya Kunjbihari , Tefera Tesfaye Wolde , Vafadari Behnam , Yadav Anuradha , Yamazaki Reiji , Seidenbecher Constanze I. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe past 20 years have resulted in unprecedented progress in understanding brain energy metabolism and its role in health and disease. In this review, which was initiated at the 14th International Society for Neurochemistry Advanced School, we address the basic concepts of brain energy metabolism and approach the question of why the brain has high energy expenditure. Our review illustrates that the vertebrate brain has a high need for energy because of the high number of neurons and the need to maintain a delicate interplay between energy metabolism, neurotransmission, and plasticity. Disturbances to the energetic balance, to mitochondria quality control or to glia–neuron metabolic interaction may lead to brain circuit malfunction or even severe disorders of the CNS. We cover neuronal energy consumption in neural transmission and basic (‘housekeeping’) cellular processes. Additionally, we describe the most common (glucose) and alternative sources of energy namely glutamate, lactate, ketone bodies, and medium chain fatty acids. We discuss the multifaceted role of non‐neuronal cells in the transport of energy substrates from circulation (pericytes and astrocytes) and in the supply (astrocytes and microglia) and usage of different energy fuels. Finally, we address pathological consequences of disrupted energy homeostasis in the CNS.
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Immunohistochemical assessment of chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1, geminin, and γ‐H2A.X in oral epithelial precursor lesions and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Siril Yves Junior , Kouketsu Atsumu , Oikawa Mariko , Takahashi Tetsu , Kumamoto Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCarcinogenesis occurs when the cell cycle is compromised. Chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1, geminin, and γ‐H2A histone family member X are expressed in cells in G1 phase, S/G2/M phases, and apoptosis, respectively, and these three markers may be useful for histological evaluation of malignant lesions. Here, we aimed to identify cell cycle phases and apoptosis using immunohistochemistry in oral epithelial precursor lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsChromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1, geminin, and γ‐H2A histone family member X expression levels were immunohistochemically examined in tissue specimens from 55 patients with oral epithelial precursor lesions and 50 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Associations of clinicopathological variables with marker expression were assessed.ResultsChromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1 was expressed in the prickle cell layer of oral epithelial precursor lesions and many carcinoma cells of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Geminin reactivity was widely distributed in high‐grade dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma rather than low‐grade or no dysplastic cases. γ‐H2A histone family member X was expressed in the superficial layer of oral epithelial precursor lesions and scattered carcinoma cells of oral squamous cell carcinoma. In oral squamous cell carcinoma, lower geminin expression was observed in recurrent cases. Geminin and γ‐H2A histone family member X were associated with the degree of differentiation and mode of invasion.ConclusionChromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1, geminin, and γ‐H2A histone family member X expression levels were correlated with oral carcinogenesis; these markers were associated with clinicopathological behaviors in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Oral sucrose for analgesia in children aged between 3 months and 3 years undergoing transurethral bladder catheterisation: A randomised, double‐blinded, clinical trial
Authors: London Kevin , Watson Hamish , Kwok Samson , Nanan Ralph , Liu Anthony 
Published: July 2019

AimMany children admitted to hospital undergo invasive, painful and stressful procedures, including children who are not toilet trained undergoing transurethral bladder catheterisation (TUBC). Oral sucrose is commonly given to children to reduce procedural pain. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of oral sucrose in reducing procedural pain in children aged between 3 months and 3 years undergoing TUBC.MethodsThis study was a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study conducted at Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia from June 2005 to June 2010. A total of 40 participants requiring TUBC for diagnostic evaluation were included. The participants were randomly assigned to receive 4 mL of 75% oral sucrose (n = 20) or a placebo (sterilised water) (n = 20). The primary outcomes were changes in two paediatric pain scale scores (the FLACC pain scale and the OUCHER pain scale), assessed by the parent/guardian(s), the doctor performing the TUBC and the nurse assisting. The secondary outcomes were physiological (changes in heart rate) and behavioural pain (crying) indicators.ResultsOf the outcome measures, 65% favoured the oral sucrose group, 31% favoured the placebo group, and 4% found no difference between the oral sucrose and placebo groups.ConclusionWhile the trends favouring the sucrose group in this study were encouraging, as the results were not statistically significant, there was insufficient evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of oral sucrose in reducing procedural pain in children aged between 3 months and 3 years undergoing TUBC.
Fatty Acid Content and Profile of the Novel Strain of Coccomyxa elongata (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) Cultivated at Reduced Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations
Authors: Maltsev Yevhen , Maltseva Irina , Maltseva Svetlana , Kociolek John Patrick , Kulikovskiy Maxim 
Published: July 2019

A novel freshwater strain of Coccomyxa elongata (MZ–Ch64) was isolated from the Zaporizhia region, Ukraine. The identification was based on the phylogenetic analysis of SSU rDNA gene and ITS1–5.8S rDNA–ITS2 region and predicted secondary structure of the ITS2. Phylogenetic analysis placed this strain in the Coccomyxa group, within the class Trebouxiophyceae. The novel strain MZ–Ch64 formed a strongly supported lineage closest with C. elongata. The MZ–Ch64 strain differed from the morphological description of the species by the size of vegetative cells and absence of small mucilaginous caps at one end of the cell. A number of experiments with different concentrations of phosphate and nitrate were conducted to evaluate changes in the resulting fatty acid profiles and biomass productivity. The fatty acid profile and total fatty acids varied significantly under different nutrient deficiencies. The dominant fatty acid during cultivation on standard BBM medium, as well as in phosphorus‐depleted conditions, was oleic acid (to 48.0%–54.6% of total fatty acids). Absence of nitrogen alone, and absence of both nitrogen and phosphorus, led to an increase of palmitic acid (to 24.7%–25.6%), cis‐7‐hexadecenoic acid (to 14.8%) and α‐linolenic acid (to 9.1%–10.1%) in comparison with the control sample. The greatest variation was found for oleic acid (31.9%–54.6%). Thus, this strain can be considered as a potential producer of oleic acid or cis‐7‐hexadecenoic and α‐linolenic acids for biotechnological applications.
Invasive meningoencephalitis as the first manifestation of hepatitis A
Authors: Guillaume Maxime , Mouna Lina , Coustillères François , Lemée Véronique , Roque‐Afonso Anne‐Marie , Mourez Thomas , Lefaucheur Romain 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSince mid‐2016, Europe has been facing a major hepatitis A epidemic, with more than 25 000 cases reported to the European CDC, in 2018. We describe herein a rare case of invasive HAV meningoencephalitis as a prodrome of the classic hepatitis, which largely explains a delay in diagnosis.
15 Years of Research on US Employment and the Minimum Wage
Authors: Wolfson Paul , Belman Dale 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStatistical analysis of the minimum wage and employment has been very active for the last quarter century, including more than 37 studies of US data since the December 2000AERexchange involving Card, Krueger, Neumark and Wascher. In this meta‐analysis of the 37 that report results suitable for this technique, the most important finding is a considerable shift toward the origin in the ‘consensus range’: from the interval [−0.3, −0.1] to [−0.13, −0.07]. The minimum wage has negative employment effects, but these have become notably smaller and are largely localized to teenagers.
Maternal hepatitis B or C status and the long‐term risk of gastrointestinal morbidity for offspring: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Yoles Israel , Sheiner Eyal , Abu‐Freha Naim , Wainstock Tamar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundMore than 360 million people have chronic hepatitis B or C (HBV/HCV) infection worldwide, many of which are women at childbearing age. While the risk of perinatal HBV/HCV has been well established, the long‐term implications on offspring health, have been less studied. We aimed to evaluate the association between maternal HBV/HCV carrier status and long‐term gastrointestinal (GI) morbidities in offspring.Aims & MethodsA population‐based cohort analysis compared the risk for long‐term childhood GI morbidities in children born to HBV/HCV carrier mothers vs the risk in those who were born to noncarriers. Childhood GI morbidities were predefined based on ICD‐9 codes, as recorded in hospital medical files. Children with congenital malformations and multiple gestations were excluded from the analysis. A Kaplan‐Meier survival curve was constructed to compare the cumulative GI morbidities over time, and a Cox proportional hazards model was used to control for confounders.ResultsDuring the study period (1991‐2014), 242 342 newborns met the inclusion criteria: 771 (0.3%) were born to HBV/HCV mothers and 241 571 (99.7%) were not. The median follow‐up was 10.51 years (0‐18 years). Offspring to HBV/HCV mothers had a higher incidence of GI diseases (9.3% vs 5.4%, OR = 1.82; 95% CI 1.43‐2.32; Kaplan‐Meier log‐rank = 0.001). The increased risk remained significant in the Cox proportional hazards models, which adjusted for gestational age, mode of delivery and pregnancy complications (adjusted HR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.79‐2.85; P < .001).ConclusionMaternal HBV or HCV carrier status is an independent risk factor for long‐term the GI morbidity of offspring.
Early ALT response to corticosteroid treatment distinguishes idiosyncratic drug‐induced liver injury from autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Weber Sabine , Benesic Andreas , Rotter Isabelle , Gerbes Alexander L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundDrug‐induced liver injury (DILI) and idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are competing diagnoses in patients with acute liver injury (ALI) and drug intake. In absence of unequivocal markers, scores like RUCAM and AIH are used to distinguish both entities. However, in some cases the diagnosis remains ambiguous. Our aim was to identify a simple parameter to discriminate DILI and AIH shortly after starting corticosteroid treatment.MethodsFor the current analysis, 44 patients with ALI who took at least one drug and who received corticosteroids were included and comprised 22 DILI and 22 AIH cases. Scores of AIH and RUCAM were calculated at initial presentation, the final diagnosis was made from analysing the course of disease. Changes in the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations after starting corticosteroid treatment were determined and compared between the DILI and AIH groups.ResultsFifty‐nine per cent of patients (n = 26) were correctly classified at presentation by AIH score and RUCAM respectively. However, in one‐third (n = 13) of the 44 patients, results were inconclusive and five other patients were misclassified. The decrease in ALT levels 1 week after the initiation of steroid therapy was significantly more pronounced in patients with the final diagnosis of DILI than in AIH patients (accuracy 77%). This difference was also observed in the 18 initially misclassified or inconclusive cases (accuracy 83%).ConclusionShort‐term response of ALT to corticosteroid therapy helps to differentiate DILI and AIH. This finding may be helpful in treatment decision for patients with inconclusive diagnostic scores.
A unified convolutional neural network integrated with conditional random field for pipe defect segmentation
Authors: Wang Mingzhu , Cheng Jack C. P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSemantic segmentation of closed‐circuit television (CCTV) images can facilitate automatic severity assessment of sewer pipe defects by assigning defect labels to each pixel on the image, from which defect types, locations, and geometric information can be obtained. In this study, a unified neural network, namely DilaSeg‐CRF, is proposed by fully integrating a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) with dense conditional random field (CRF) for improving the segmentation accuracy. First, DilaSeg is constructed with dilated convolution and multiscale techniques for producing feature maps with high resolution. The steps of the dense CRF inference algorithm are converted into CNN operations, which are then formulated as recurrent neural network (RNN) layers. The DilaSeg‐CRF is proposed by integrating DilaSeg with the RNN layers. Images containing three common types of sewer defects are collected from CCTV inspection videos and are annotated with ground truth labels, after which the proposed models are trained and evaluated. Experiments demonstrate that the end‐to‐end trainable DilaSeg‐CRF can improve the segmentation significantly, with an increase of 32% and 20% in mean intersection over union (mIoU) values compared with fully convolutional network (FCN‐8s) and DilaSeg, respectively. Our proposed DilaSeg‐CRF also achieves faster inference speed than FCN and eliminates the manual postprocessing for refining the segmentation results.