bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medium Bands, Mega Science: A JWST/NIRCam Medium-band Imaging Survey of A2744
Authors: Suess Katherine A. , Weaver John R. , Price Sedona H. , Pan Richard , Wang 王 Bingjie 冰洁 , Bezanson Rachel , Brammer Gabriel , Cutler Sam E. , Labbé Ivo , Leja Joel , Williams Christina C. , Whitaker Katherine E. , Atek Hakim , Dayal Pratika , de Graaff Anna , Feldmann Robert , Franx Marijn , Fudamoto Yoshinobu , Fujimoto Seiji , Furtak Lukas J. , Goulding Andy D. , Greene Jenny E. , Khullar Gourav , Kokorev Vasily , Kriek Mariska , Lorenz Brian , Marchesini Danilo , Maseda Michael V. , Matthee Jorryt , Miller Tim B. , Mitsuhashi Ikki , Mowla Lamiya A. , Muzzin Adam , Naidu Rohan P. , Nanayakkara Themiya , Nelson Erica J. , Oesch Pascal A. , Setton David J. , Shipley Heath , Smit Renske , Spilker Justin S. , van Dokkum Pieter , Zitrin Adi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we describe the “Medium Bands, Mega Science” JWST Cycle 2 survey (JWST-GO-4111) and demonstrate the power of these data to reveal both the spatially integrated and spatially resolved properties of galaxies from the local Universe to the era of cosmic dawn. Executed in 2023 November, MegaScience obtained ∼30 arcmin2 of deep multiband NIRCam imaging centered on the z ∼ 0.3 A2744 cluster, including 11 medium-band filters and the two shortest-wavelength broadband filters, F070W and F090W. Together, MegaScience and the UNCOVER Cycle 1 treasury program provide a complete set of deep (∼28–30 magAB) images in all NIRCam medium- and broadband filters. This unique data set allows us to precisely constrain photometric redshifts, map stellar populations and dust attenuation for large samples of distant galaxies, and examine the connection between galaxy structures and formation histories. MegaScience also includes ∼17 arcmin2 of NIRISS parallel imaging in two broadband and four medium-band filters from 0.9 to 4.8 μm, expanding the footprint where robust spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting is possible. We provide example SEDs and multiband cutouts at a variety of redshifts, and use a catalog of JWST spectroscopic redshifts to show that MegaScience improves both the scatter and catastrophic outlier rate of photometric redshifts by factors of 2–3. Additionally, we demonstrate the spatially resolved science enabled by MegaScience by presenting maps of the [O iii] line emission and continuum emission in three spectroscopically confirmed z > 6 galaxies. We show that line emission in reionization-era galaxies can be clumpy, extended, and spatially offset from continuum emission, implying that galaxy assembly histories are complex even at these early epochs. We publicly release fully reduced mosaics and photometric catalogs for both the NIRCam primary and NIRISS parallel fields (jwst-uncover.github.io/megascience).
Accurate, Precise, and Physically Self-consistent Ages and Metallicities for 400,000 Solar Neighborhood Subgiant Branch Stars
Authors: Nataf David M. , Schlaufman Kevin C. , Reggiani Henrique , Hahn Isabel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Age is the most difficult fundamental stellar parameter to infer for isolated stars. While isochrone-based ages are in general imprecise for both main-sequence dwarfs and red giants, precise isochrone-based ages can be obtained for stars on the subgiant branch transitioning from core to shell hydrogen burning. We synthesize Gaia Data Release 3–based distance inferences, multiwavelength photometry from the ultraviolet to the mid-infrared, and three-dimensional extinction maps to construct a sample of 289,759 solar-metallicity stars amenable to accurate, precise, and physically self-consistent age inferences. Using subgiants in the solar-metallicity open clusters NGC 2682 (i.e., M67) and NGC 188, we show that our approach yields accurate and physically self-consistent ages and metallicities with median statistical precisions of 8% and 0.06 dex, respectively. The inclusion of systematic uncertainties resulting from nonsingle or variable stars results in age and metallicity precisions of 9% and 0.12 dex, respectively. We supplement this solar-metallicity sample with an additional 112,062 metal-poor subgiants, including over 3000 stars with [Fe/H] ≲ −1.50, 7% age precisions, and apparent Gaia G-band magnitudes G < 14. We further demonstrate that our inferred metallicities agree with those produced by multiplexed spectroscopic surveys. As an example of the scientific potential of this catalog, we show that the solar neighborhood star formation history has three components at ([Fe/H], τ/Gyr) ≈ (+0.0, 4), (+0.2, 7), and a roughly linear sequence in age–metallicity space beginning at ([Fe/H], τ/Gyr) ≈ (+0.2, 7) and extending to (−0.5, 13). Our analyses indicate that the solar neighborhood includes stars on disk-like orbits even at the oldest ages and lowest metallicities accessible by our samples.
NGC 7314: X-Ray Study of the Evolving Accretion Properties
Authors: Chatterjee Debjit , Jana Arghajit , Mangalam A. , Chang Hsiang-Kuang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present a comprehensive analysis of the timing and spectral properties of NGC 7314, a Seyfert 1.9 galaxy, using X-ray observations from XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and RXTE/proportional counter array (PCA). The timing analysis reveals significant variability across different energy bands, with fractional variability values consistent with previous studies. The highly variable soft photons and comparatively less variable high-energy photons imply different origins of these two types. The soft energy photons come from a hot corona near the center, while the high-energy photons are produced by inverse Compton scattering of these primary X-ray photons in a hot plasma away from the central region. The spectral analysis employs various models to characterize the emission components. The results indicate the presence of a soft energy bump, Fe Kα line emission, and a prominent reflection component. The long-term RXTE/PCA data analysis reveals temporal variations in the photon index (Γ) and power-law flux, suggesting evolving emission properties over time. The signature of both broad and narrow Fe Kα emission line features suggested the broad, variable one coming from the accretion disk (∼10−5 pc), while the nonevolving narrow line cannot be well constrained. The absorption feature could originate in a highly ionized region, possibly closer to the broad-line region. The evolution of the inner accretion properties indicates that NGC 7314 could be a potential changing-state active galactic nucleus.
A Simulation Study of Low-power Relativistic Jets: Flow Dynamics and Radio Morphology of FR-I Jets
Authors: Bhattacharjee Ayan , Seo Jeongbhin , Ryu Dongsu , Kang Hyesung 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Radio galaxies are classified into two primary categories based on their morphology: center-brightened FR-I and edge-brightened FR-II. It is believed that the jet power and interactions with the ambient medium govern the deceleration and decollimation of the jet-spine flows, which, in turn, influence this dichotomy. Using high-resolution, three-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamic simulations, we follow the development of flow structures on sub-kiloparsec to kiloparsec scales in kinetically dominant low-power relativistic jets. We find that the bulk Lorentz factor of the jet spine and the advance speed of the jet head, which depend on the energy injection flux and the jet-to-background density contrast, primarily determine the dynamics and structures of the jet-induced flows. The entrainment of ambient gas and the background density and pressure gradient may also play significant roles. To emulate radio morphology, we produce the synthetic maps of the synchrotron surface brightness for the simulated jets, by employing simple models for magnetic field distribution and nonthermal electron population and considering relativistic beaming effects at different inclination angles. Both the flow structures and radio maps capture the longitudinal and transverse structures of the jet-spine and shear layer, consistent with observations. We also compare different background effects and argue that the loss of pressure confinement beyond the galactic core may be a key factor in the flaring and disruption of FR-I jets. Our results confirm that mildly relativistic jets could explain the one-sidedness or asymmetries with the boosted main jet and deboosted counterjet pairs.
Mildly Super-Eddington Accretion onto Slowly Spinning Black Holes Explains the X-Ray Weakness of the Little Red Dots
Authors: Pacucci Fabio , Narayan Ramesh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
JWST has revealed a population of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei at z > 4 in compact, red hosts (the “Little Red Dots,” or LRDs), which are largely undetected in X-rays. We investigate this phenomenon using General Relativistic Radiation Magnetohydrodynamics simulations of super-Eddington accretion onto a supermassive black hole (SMBH) with M
• = 107
M
⊙ at z ∼ 6, representing the median population; the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) that we obtain are intrinsically X-ray weak. The highest levels of X-ray weakness occur in SMBHs accreting at mildly super-Eddington rates (1.4 < f
Edd < 4) with zero spin, viewed at angles >30° from the pole. X-ray bolometric corrections in the observed 2–10 keV band reach ∼104 at z = 6, ∼5 times higher than the highest constraint from X-ray stacking. Most SEDs are extraordinarily steep and soft in the X-rays (median photon index Γ = 3.1, mode of Γ = 4.4). SEDs strong in the X-rays have harder spectra with a high-energy bump when viewed near the hot (>108 K) and highly relativistic jet, whereas X-ray weak SEDs lack this feature. Viewing an SMBH within 10° of its pole, where beaming enhances the X-ray emission, has a ∼1.5% probability, matching the LRD X-ray detection rate. Next-generation observatories like AXIS will detect X-ray-weak LRDs at z ∼ 6 from any viewing angle. Although many SMBHs in the LRDs are already estimated to accrete at super-Eddington rates, our model explains 50% of their population by requiring that their masses are overestimated by a mere factor of ∼3. In summary, we suggest that LRDs host slowly spinning SMBHs accreting at mildly super-Eddington rates, with large covering factors and broad emission lines enhanced by strong winds, providing a self-consistent explanation for their X-ray weakness and complementing other models.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Interstellar Candidate Ethynyl Thiocyanate: HCCSCN
Authors: Alonso Elena R. , Insausti Aran , Kolesniková Lucie , León Iker , McGuire Brett A. , Shingledecker Christopher N. , Agúndez Marcelino , Cernicharo José , Rivilla Víctor M. , Cabezas Carlos , Jiménez-Serra Izaskun , Martín-Pintado Jesús , Guillemin Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This work aims to spectroscopically characterize and provide for the first time direct experimental frequencies of the ground vibrational state and two excited states of the simplest alkynyl thiocyanate (HCCSCN) for astrophysical use. Both microwave (8–16 GHz) and millimeter-wave regions (50–120 GHz) of the spectrum have been measured and analyzed in terms of Watson’s semirigid rotor Hamiltonian. A total of 314 transitions were assigned to the ground state of HCCSCN, and a first set of spectroscopic constants have been accurately determined. Spectral features of the molecule were then searched for in Sgr B2(N), NGC 6334I, G+0.693−0.027, and TMC-1 molecular clouds. Upper limits to the column density are provided.
Ultralow-frequency Waves in Jupiter’s Magnetopause Boundary Layer
Authors: Zeng Zhili , Yao Zhonghua , Liu Jian , Xu Yan , Dunn William R. , Zhang Binzheng , Archer Martin O. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ultralow-frequency (ULF) waves (∼tens of minutes period) are widely identified in the Jovian system and are believed to be associated with energy dissipation in the magnetosphere and ionosphere. Due to the magnetodisk oscillation related to planetary rotation, it is challenging to identify the periodicities inside the magnetosphere, although remote sensing observations of the polar emissions provide clear evidence of the tens of minutes pulsations. In this study, we take advantage of Juno’s in situ measurements in the magnetopause boundary layer for a long duration, i.e., >4 hr, to directly assess the tens of minutes periodicities of the boundary dynamics caused by the interactions between the internal plasma and external solar wind. Through periodogram analysis on the magnetic field and particle data, we find ULF waves with periodicities of ∼18 minutes, ∼40 minutes, and ∼70–80 minutes, which is generally consistent with pulsations in multiple remote sensing observations. A multiple-harmonic ULF phenomenon was also identified in the observations. The periodicities from in situ measurements provide crucial clues in understanding the origin of pulsating wave/auroral emissions in the Jovian system. The results could also further our understanding of energy transfer and release between the internal plasma of Jupiter and external solar wind.
Applied Sensor Fault Detection, Identification and Data Reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Yu , Bingham Chris , Gallimore Michael 
Published: November 2024

Sensor fault detection and identification (SFD/I) has attracted considerable attentions in military applications, especially where the safety issues present priority drivers. This paper presents two readily implementable approaches for SFD/I in complex systems. Firstly, hierarchical clustering (HC) approach is demonstrated for use on gas turbines. SFD/I is achieved by monitoring cluster changes occurring in the resulting dendrograms, by comparing to HC fingerprints that are developed for ‘normal’ operation. In the second approach, using self organizing map neural networks (SOMNNs), SFD/I is performed according to the classification of changes from neural network outputs, and again comparing to fingerprints for ‘normal’ operation. The proposed methods are capable of detecting sensor faults from large groups of sensors. In contrast to many traditional methods of SFD/I that require the detection and identification of faulted sensors in multiple stages, the proposed methods are capable of achieving SFD/I in a single stage. It is shown that the SOMNN classifications and the HC dendrograms provide commensurate detection and identification outputs, whilst also allowing for convenient operator use through graphical interpretations of their outputs. Furthermore, after identifying a faulted sensor, it is possible in some circumstances to reconstruct the measurements expected from that sensor (using the remaining non-faulted sensor information) and thereby facilitate improved unit availability. The efficacy of the proposed approaches is demonstrated through the use of experimental measurements from gas turbines, although ultimately the underlying principles are applicable to other complex industrial and military systems. The presented techniques are now fully operational and monitoring a fleet of gas turbines in real-time.
Fault Detection and Diagnosis Based on Extensions of PCA
Authors: Zhang Yu , Bingham Chris , Gallimore Michael 
Published: November 2024

The paper presents two approaches for fault detection and discrimination based on extensions of principal component analysis (PCA). The first approach proposes the concept of y-indices through use of a transposed formulation of the data matrices utilized in traditional PCA. The y-indices are introduced to measure the differences between sensor reading datasets in the ‘sensor domain’ rather than as traditionally employed in the time domain. This addresses problems associated with traditional PCA methods when measurement data is subject to bias and drifting due to transient power demand or load changes, for instance, which can lead to excessive false alarms. Residual errors (REs) and faulty sensor identification indices (FSIIs) are introduced in the second approach, where REs are generated from the residual sub-space of PCA, which is used to detect abnormal operating conditions, and FSIIs are introduced to supplement the REs in order to classify sensor- or component-faults. The methods are employed in a time rolling window on field data from a gas turbine system during commissioning. It is shown that in-operation sensor faults can be detected through use of both y-indices and REs and FSIIs, and sensor faults and component faults can be discriminated. The techniques are generic, and will find use in many military systems with complex, safety critical control and sensor arrangements.
Anticiper et gérer la fondation et la construction des complexes religieux : réflexions autour des ordres mendiants en Auvergne (début du XIIIe siècle – début du XVIe siècle)
Authors: Bourguignon Claire 
Published: November 2024

Les formes de vie proposées par les ordres mendiants, fondées sur le renoncement à la propriété et la pratique de l’apostolat au-delà du cloître, ont rapidement été confrontées aux réalités matérielles, financières et constructives des fondations conventuelles. Anticiper, gérer, mais aussi improviser, s’adapter, faire évoluer des choix initiaux voire surmonter les échecs constituèrent ainsi l’essence même des ordres mendiants. L’enjeu du propos, fondé sur une approche pluridisciplinaire, est de comprendre comment ces religieux, installés dans les diocèses de Clermont, du Puy et de Saint-Flour entre le premier tiers du XIIIe siècle et le dernier quart du XVe siècle, ont combiné leurs spiritualités et leurs missions d’apostolat aux attentes matérielles et dévotionnelles des fidèles et des autorités urbaines. Inscrits dans la durée, la diversité des pratiques de gestion de l’installation et du développement des communautés ont permis d’adapter le projet pastoral mendiant aux réalités locales et de rendre pérenne chacune des fondations lancées. Dans le domaine de la construction, le caractère séquentiel des chantiers témoigne d’une gestion pragmatique voire opportuniste du chantier, laquelle fut adaptée au succès rencontré par le projet pastoral mendiant et ingénieusement utilisée à cette fin.
Prevalence and associated factors of visual impairment among adults attending Phelophepa Train, South Africa
Authors: Mafuleka Sicelo M. , Metsing Thokozile I. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Visual impairment (VI) is caused by various conditions such as uncorrected refractive error (URE), cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), trauma and HIV or AIDS complications.Aim: This study determines the prevalence and associated factors of VI among adults aged 35 years and older attending the Phelophepa Train in the Eastern Cape.Setting: Data were collected at the Phelophepa eye clinic using participants from the Eastern Cape province, South Africa.Methods: A quantitative and cross-sectional study was conducted using a systematic random sampling method to select a sample of record cards from 563 participants. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to perform bivariate analyses, linear regression analysis and confidence intervals (CI).Results: The mean age was 59.17 ± 12.95 years (range = 35–93 years). The prevalence of VI and blindness was 57.6% (95% CI: 53.0% – 61.0%), VI was 51% and blindness at 6.6%. The majority were females and resided in rural areas, with low socioeconomic status being a significant risk factor for VI (P 0.001). The primary causes of VI were URE (38%), cataracts (20%), glaucoma (2.3%), DR (1.6%) and corneal opacities (0.5%). The most prevalent chronic diseases were hypertension (HTN) (28.4%), followed by comorbidities of HTN and diabetes mellitus (DM) (17.94%), HIV/AIDS (7.82%) and DM (5.20%) (P = 0.01).Conclusion: Visual impairment and blindness among adults ≥ 35 years old were high, with primary causes including URE, cataracts, glaucoma, DR and corneal opacities.Contribution: Sustainable programmes should be established to provide optimal optical correction for UREs and cataract removal.
The role of indigenous knowledge in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in Chikwawa, Malawi
Authors: Mwalwimba Isaac K. , Manda Mtafu , Ngongondo Cosmo 
Published: November 2024

The role of indigenous knowledge in disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation cannot be underestimated. It acts as a preparedness and response tool to climate change-related impacts such as floods, droughts and strong winds. However, inadequate studies about indigenous knowledge in Malawi is a major challenge when dealing with extreme climatic conditions. Learning from indigenous knowledge systems, by investigating first what local communities know and have, can improve the understanding of local conditions and can provide a productive context for activities designed to help communities reduce vulnerability to climate change impacts. This paper assessed the role of indigenous knowledge systems in DRR and climate change variability and adaptation strategies in Chikwawa district. The study used a participatory research approach involving interactive research methods such as focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews and participant observations. Data from key informants and FGDs were analysed thematically. The study revealed various indigenous knowledge which communities in the Chikwawa district use to respond to climate-related impacts such as floods. Some of these include hippopotamus relocating from the river to the village, extreme hissing of pythons in nearby forests, buffaloes and zebras wreaking havoc in the villages and crocodiles flocking to the village.Contribution: The study concludes that indigenous knowledge provides the basis for problem-solving approaches for local communities, hence, a need to document it at a wider scale.
Perceptions and practices of blood pressure measurement in pediatric office practice: An online survey from Kerala
Authors: Rahman Rehna K. , Panangandy Shabeer Machilakath 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
As pediatricians, we all are aware of the importance of checking blood pressure (BP) in children. However, in day-to-day practice, we face various issues in BP measurement.

OBJECTIVE:
We conducted this online survey to assess the perceptions and practices of pediatricians regarding the measurement of BP in children.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A Google Form-based questionnaire was circulated among the pediatricians with 10 questions related to BP measurement.

RESULTS:
Of 296 responses,77.8% were from general pediatricians. About 91.6% of them were not measuring BP routinely. About 60.3% reported the nonavailability of appropriate BP cuff sizes to be the limiting factor, whereas 43.8% found it difficult to measure BP due to their busy practice. About 16.8% found BP cut-off tables cumbersome, and 35.7% reported difficulty due to noncooperation from the child.

CONCLUSION:
There are various issues faced in pediatric BP measurement and simple measures like oscillometric devices and simplified BP screening tables will make things better.