bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of AGAMOUS Gene Expression in Hibiscus rosasinensis L. Single Pink, Crested Peach, and Double Orange Flowers
Authors: Salamah A , Rostina I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. crested peach and double orange types are different from single pink type regarding their additional petals (petaloid). The petaloid structure is thought to have originated from reproductive organs modification. AGAMOUS is class C gene that plays a role in the formation of androecium and gynoecium. Loss of AGAMOUS gene expression is assumed to be the cause of modifications occur in reproductive organs. Therefore, this study aims to determine the qualitative expression of AGAMOUS gene on single pink, crested peach, and double orange flowers. The expression of AGAMOUS gene was also assessed in leaf organ as a comparison. Analysis of AGAMOUS gene expression was done by isolating RNA from their androecium and gynoecium using the modified CTAB method. The RNA sample was converted to cDNA using reverse transcriptase, before further amplified by PCR technique using AG1 and AG2 primers. The AG1 PCR product produces bands of 100, 200, and 300 bp, while the PCR AG2 produces a single band of 200 bp. The analysis of sequencing results showed that The AGAMOUS gene expressed in all samples. Therefore, petaloids presents in crested peach and double orange flowers are not a result of a loss of AGAMOUS gene expression. The changes of reproductive organs into petaloids should be analyzed not only based on AGAMOUS gene expression but also should include other gene and their interactions.
Visualization of Microlejeunea ulicina by using Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Nabella D M , Yenti D A R , P A , Dwiranti A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Oil bodies are highly distinctive organelle uniquely found in liverworts. Besides the importance of this structure in taxonomy, many of the secondary metabolites contained within the oil bodies are also of the great value as potential sources of medicines. Thus, the investigation of liverwort ultrastructure is essential to give an insight into the oil bodies structure and function. Microlejeunea ulicina is one species of the leafy liverworts found in Universitas Indonesia that has not previously been reported to exist in Java island. The aim of this study is to investigate the ultrastructure of M. ulicina by using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). M.ulicina were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde, post-fixed with 4% Osmium tetroxide, dehydrated with Ethanol series, and then subjected to resin embedding. After samples embedding, sectioning by ultramicrotome was performed. Post-staining with Uranyl acetate and Lead Citrate was carried out following sectioning and the samples were finally observed by TEM. Our results showed the ultrastructure of M. ulicina for the first time. The structure of oil bodies could be distinguished with the other parts of the cells. Further analysis of the oil bodies by comparing our data with other species of leafy liverwort in Universitas Indonesia will be beneficial for the species identification as well as the exploration of their secondary metabolites.
The Physical Parameters and Atmospheric Model of α Tau at AGB Evolutionary Stage
Authors: Darma R , Malasan H L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

α Tau is an interesting Red Giant Branch (RGB) star with spectral type K5, yet not well studied. Helium core contraction and hydrogen burning in the shell are occurring in this star. Stars like α Tau are interested to be investigated in order to learn and understand how their evolution processes at the next stage, i.e. Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stage. At AGB stage, a star will suffer stronger oscillations with larger radius than RGB stage. This stage is important because it will be the key-factor on most recent observational data, and Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) and SPECTRUM packages to compute accurate physical parameters and atmospheric models of α Tau at AGB stage.
Our computational results show that α Tau will be an AGB star with M = (1.52 ± 0.07) M⊙, Teff
= (4545 ± 18) K, and log L = (1.98 ± 0.07) L⊙ at age (2.11 ± 0.27) Gyr. Its radius at this stage is determined to be log R = (1.20 ± 0.92) R⊙. Mass loss at the initial of this stage is still small, i.e. (2.07 ± 0.09) × 10–10 M⊙/yr and it will increase during this stage. The core at this stage contains carbon and oxygen with C/O ∼ 0.26 which shows that α Tau will be type M-AGB. Atmospheric model of α Tau at AGB stage shows that this star will have higher effective temperature and gas pressure than at RGB stage. These conditions will cause the increasing of electron density and Rosseland absorption coefficient in its atmosphere. The hotter atmosphere of AGB stage causes its peak of continuum shifts toward smaller wavelength and yields in three times higher intensity than at RGB stage.
Staggered Scheme for Shallow Water Equations with Quadtree-subgrid
Authors: Fristella F. , Pudjaprasetya S.R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To get accurate results, high-resolution numerical simulations are often required. However, computation using high resolution grid often require larger computer memory and longer computational time. One way to overcome this problem is by adopting a scheme that can handle a non-homogeneous grid; i.e. a computational domain with two or more resolutions. In this work, a two-level quadtree-subgrid method was applied. It uses a combination of structured grid with hierarchical quadtree ordering. This method is applied on a staggered grid scheme for the two-dimensional shallow water equations. A benchmark simulation of wave run-up on a conical island was conducted for validation. Comparison between computing time of simulations using the fine grid and the quadtree-subgrid shows the effectiveness of this quadtree-subgrid scheme.
A Search for Extragalactic Diffuse Interstellar Bands: SAMI Data
Authors: Puspitarini L , Premadi P W , Colless M , Oh S , Hidayat T , Putra M , Barone T M , Said K , Barat D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are puzzling absorption features that can be found in the spectra of reddened objects in our Galaxy, as well as in other observed galaxies. Although we still know too little of the carriers of DIBs, the numerous features along the optical and near infrared wavelengths and the consistency of their measured properties make DIBs potentially promising interstellar material tracers. DIBs studies are mostly based on stellar spectra in our Galaxy, but since DIBs can also be found in other galaxies, we search for DIBs in the spectra of nearby galaxies by perusing Sydney-AAO Multi-object Integral-field unit (SAMI) data. We demonstrate DIB measurement by performing an automated fitting of a combination of a smooth continuum and a model of DIB profile to the spectrum. This preliminary result will be an important input to consider in drawing conclusion about DIBs and their environments.
A search of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) in planetary nebulae environment
Authors: Puspitaningrum E , Puspitarini L , Malasan H L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Diffuse Interstellar Bands (DIBs) are set of absorption features, mostly at optical and near infrared wavelengths, that are found in the spectra of reddened stars and other objects. DIBs are actively being investigated to understand the nature of their properties and carriers and also their roles in interstellar matter enrichment. Among of the proposed carriers is large carbonaceous molecules (fullerenes). Interestingly, such as C60 and C70 have been detected in Planetary Nebulae (PN) environment. This detection allows us to study DIBs in fullerene-rich space environment. In this work, we study the presence of DIBs in central star of planetary nebulae (CSPN) by using archival data of optical spectra observed with 8.1-m Gemini South Telescope and Gemini Multi-Object Spectrographs (GMOS, spectral range of 3900 Å - 5900 Å and resolution of R ∼ 2300) and also from 2.5-m Isaac Newton Telescope with IDS spectrograph (R ∼ 2300). We measured the equivalent width of 4430, 5870 and 6283 Å DIB by fitting the detected DIB profile with the empirical template derived from higher resolution data. We investigated 4430, 5870 and 6283 Å DIBs in the spectra of CSPN and their correlation with the colour excess (E(B-V)). The correlation between the DIB strength and E(B-V) has positive value. We found that the 4430 and 5870 Å DIBs are generally more abundant on the PN environment.
Effect of magnetic field on the rotation curves of spiral galaxies
Authors: Wulandari  , Wulandari H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Discrepancies between expected and observed rotation curves in spiral galaxies are commonly interpreted as evidence for the existence of dark matter. Dark matter can explain the observed flat rotation curves at the outer radii. However, some rotation curves of spiral galaxies exhibit rising features at large distances from the galactic centers that cannot be attributed to dark matter alone. Addition of magnetic field contribution to the rotation curves of spiral galaxies has been proposed in some literature to explain the rising features. In this work we investigated the rotation curves of three spiral galaxies, i.e. NGC 2841, NGC 6946, and M 31, whose profiles of azimuthal magnetic field are available in literature. In general, decomposition scenarios using four components (stellar disk, gas, bulge, and dark matter halo) with magnetic field fit better to the observational data.
Memory Based Hybrid Dragonfly Algorithm (MHDA): a New Technique for Determining Model Parameter in Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) Data
Authors: Ramadhani I , Minarto E , Sungkono  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data inversion is a nonlinear inversion problem because several models can fit to the observed data. Therefore, a new approach based on nonlinear optimization technique is implemented which is called Memory based Hybrid Dragonfly Algorithm (MHDA). It is proposed to solve drawback of Dragonfly Algorithm (DA), i.e. low convergence rate which is caused by high exploration behaviour of DA. The drawback can lead to the local optimum solutions. MHDA successfully balances exploration and exploitation behaviours of DA to obtain global optimum solution. In this research, initially, MHDA is tested for the noise contaminated synthetic VES data to assess its performance. Subsequently, MHDA is applied for the field VES data. In both results, MHDA is able to provide Posterior Distribution Model (PDM) which is obtained from exploration process. All accepted models of PDM have lower misfit value than specified tolerance value in the inversion process. The PDM can be used to estimate solution via median value of PDM. Additionally, the uncertainty estimation of obtained solution can be determined from standard deviation value of PDM. The inversion results of synthetic and field VES data indicate that MHDA is an innovative technique to solve VES data inversion problem.
Modelling Brazil Nut Effect Phenomenon of Boulders on Asteroid Surface
Authors: Rozzykin A Z , Dermawan B , Viridi S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The surface of an asteroid is full of boulders that varies in size. One of the phenomena happening in the asteroid’s surface is a tendency for bigger boulders to come up to the surface. This phenomenon is called Brazil Nut Effect (BNE). Some asteroids, like Itokawa and Eros, are known for having that tendency and BNE is supposed to happen in both of them. This study conducts a modelling of the phenomenon happening on the surface of an asteroid for mimicking the concept of BNE. Physical parameters used in this study follow a model of a common asteroid. The very first step of the modelling is to generate an initial condition of particles. Then, these particles are dropped into the surface of an asteroid model. After these particles reached the dynamical relaxation, the additional force will be added into the system which is represented by some sinusoidal oscillation formulas. Modelling the concept of BNE which only involves collisions of inter-particles and gravity factor indicates that the rising of bigger boulders to come up to the surface is likely to occur. Nevertheless, there are many other parameters that have a role in the low-gravity environment and need to be explored more.
Photometric Observation of WASP-52b and TrES-3b
Authors: Yusuf M , Mandey D , Yulianty Y 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present the photometric observation of transiting exoplanets WASP-52 b and TrES-3 b using Bosscha Robotic Telescope. The transit method relies on measuring the flux drops of the target star when the planet is transiting in front of it. We have derived physical parameters of these planets using single transit light curve and the results are consistent with the discovery paper which used more observation data.
Study of management and development of Observatorium Astronomi ITERA Lampung (OAIL) area: Part II
Authors: Putri A N I , Ilmi W Z , Vatikawa A , Pratiwi N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
At 20th November 2016, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA) and Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) also Government of Lampung Province have launched the ITERA Astronomical Observatory or known with Observatorium Astronomi ITERA Lampung (OAIL). The coordinate of the observatory is 05° 27’ 71” S and 105° 09’ 39” E and the altitude is 1030 above sea level. OAIL area will be the center of education in science and ecotourism in Lampung Province which may attract tourists. Therefore, management and development of the observatory should be directed so that the main function of the observatory is not disturbed. In this research we did assessment and evaluation of OAIL area to be a specific area by distributing questionnaire to some related agencies, expertise people (academy), and surrounding population. The results show that from total 83 respondents, 64 respondents choose that OAIL area is appropriate as a specific area and 19 respondents say that OAIL area is not appropriate as a specific area. From 19 respondents who do not agree, there are 8 respondents (almost 50%) from Regional Disaster Management Agency of Lampung Province.
Identification of Geothermal Environments by Using Landsat Imagery at PLTP Sarulla unit I, Pahae Jae Subdistrict, North Tapanuli
Authors: Tampubolon Togi , Hutahean Juniar , Juliani Rita , Panggabean Yowlanda 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Geothermal energy sources have a significant influence on renewable energy sources as an affordable and sustainable solution. The aim of this study was to identify geothermal sources at the Sarulla PLTP using remote sensing technology. The method of this study includes field surveys by obtaining hotspots and temperature values in geothermal sources, and identification of geothermal sources is determined by mapping of land use change (NDVI) and heat source distribution (LST). The results show vegetation area has been changed from 0,6 to 0,3, and the temperature value is increasing 25 °C to 28 °C in 2010 to 2018 over PLTP Sarulla. Negative correlation found between NDVI and LST. Surface changing over geothermal resources as an evidence of environment changes. The geothermal sources increase with the opening of land in the PLTP Sarulla. So the results of this study can be recommended to the public and the government.
Network approach on characterizing floral diversity in the agroforestry zone of Mount Makiling Forest Reserve, Philippines
Authors: Martinez M P , Amarga A K S , Gestiada G A , Lopez M J F , Nazareno A L , Roxas-Villanueva R M L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Complex networks have been used to characterize real world systems. The network structure may signify important relationships which may not be evident in other methods of analysis. In this study, we characterize the floral diversity in three study sites in the agroforestry zone of Mount Makiling Forest Reserve using network analysis. Plant species found in each study site are considered as nodes (N). Edges (E) are established to connect species with the same alternate role and habit. The dataset includes N = 157 and E = 4279 for Bagong Silang site, N = 145 and E = 3740 for the Karay site, and N = 122 and E = 2429 for the Magnetic Hill site. Network parameters such as degree, path length, clustering coefficient, modularity and number of connected components were calculated. Obtained values were compared to published diversity index. Results show that lower clustering coefficient and higher average path length signify higher diversity. A higher number of disconnected components also indicates diversity.
Dissolution Study of Purified Bromelain from Pineapple Cores (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr) Encapsulated in Alginate-Chitosan Microcapsule
Authors: Setiasih Siswati , Reyhan Asher , Hudiyono Sumi , Saepudin Endang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Along with the production of large number of pineapple products, the amount of pineapple waste produced is also higher, including pineapple cores with large amount of proteolytic enzyme called bromelain. Bromelain has many benefits, particularly because of its efficacy in various treatments of diseases, such as platelet anti-aggregation, reducing inflammation associated with infections, sinusitis, osteoarthritis and cancer. However, for oral use, bromelain will be degraded by the presence of proteases and the atmosphere of acidic pH in the stomach, so that bromelain will lose its activity. In this study, the isolated and purified bromelain from pineapple cores was subsequently encapsulated in alginate-chitosan microcapsules as drug delivery medium so that bromelain could reach the intestine without degradation in the stomach. The purification using 20%-50% ammonium sulfate obtained bromelain with specific activity of 5.44 U/mg and purity of 2.85 times. The purified enzyme was subsequently dialyzed and yielded of 8.27 U/mg with the purity level of 4.32 times. The dissolution test of bromelain encapsulated in alginate microcapsules resulted in efficiency of 76.99% which dissolute at pH 1.2 as much as 13.53% and at pH 7.4 of 80.09%, while in chitosan-coated alginate microcapsules, efficiency was obtained for 86.40% with dissolution result at pH 1.2 and 7.4 were 8.59% and 77.35% respectively.
The Properties of Microcellulose as Enhanced Oil Recovery Agent
Authors: Sukmarani Galuh , Ledyastuti Mia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The important factors in petroleum production are the nature of the reservoir rock surface and the interaction between oil and water in the reservoir. Both of these factors can affect microscopic efficiency in increasing oil recovery. In this study, microcellulose (MCC) was tested as a potential agent to increase oil recovery. MCC is used to decrease interfacial tension between oil and water. MCC is a cellulose with particle size ranging from 30 nm to 20μm. This study aims to determine the effect of MCC on interfacial tension between oil and water. MCC is obtained through the process of cellulose hydrolysis isolated from corncob. The results of hydrolysis reaction were characterized using FTIR, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The particle size was determined using Particle Size Analyzer, and interfacial tension measurements using du nouy tensiometer. The results of the study obtained MCC as a result of hydrolysis reaction with an average diameter particle size of 2.9 μm and 14 μm. The experimental results show that the addition of MCC with particle size 14 μm can reduce interfacial tension between oil and water from 11.3 mN/m to 6.85 mN/m, and the addition of MCC with particle size 2.9 μm can increase interfacial tension between oil and water from 11.3 mN/m to 21.74 mN/m. According to these data MCC has the potential to be used as an economic and environmentally friendly oil recovery agent.
An Optimal Integrated Vector Control for Prevention the Transmission of Dengue
Authors: Kasbawati  , Ningsih Surya , Ribal Agustinus , Fatmawati  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Dengue is a tropical infectious disease caused by dengue virus which is transmitted by mosquitos such as Aedes Aegypti and Aedes Albopictus. The spread of this disease could be controlled by applying some optimal strategies. In this research, we study optimal strategy in controlling the spread of dengue by taking into consideration an integrated vector control strategy. The strategy combines chemical and non-chemical vector control methods to prevent the transmission of vector-borne disease. If we assume that the control functions are constant functions then numerically we obtain a critical chemical control which leads to the non-endemic condition. When the chemical and non-chemical controls are varying in time, we obtain the analytical form of the both control functions by using Pontryagin Maximum Principle. The numerical simulations are performed using the Steepest Descent method and the results show that the peak of the non-chemical control effect occurs at the end of the observation time. Conversely, the chemical control reaches the maximum effect at the early of the observation time. It indicates that the integrated vector control strategy is a continuous prevention method that succefully ensures the system free from dengue infection.
Generalized STAR (1;1) Model with Outlier - Case Study of Begal in Medan, North Sumatera
Authors: Masteriana D , Riani M I , Mukhaiyar U 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study was aimed to compare generalized space time autoregressive (GSTAR) (1;1) model with its modification. The modification of GSTAR (1;1) model was done by adding the outlier factor which gained by outlier detection procedure. A case study was done towards the amount of monthly crime activity-begal at seven police sectors in Medan, North Sumatera. By using three steps of Box-Jenkins, Autoregressive (1) model was applied to each location and resulted West Medan as fifth location with additive outlier (AO) in the third data of time which weighted -57.5247. The comparison of model was done by calculating the root mean square of error (RMSE) in each model. Since GSTAR (1:1) model has larger RMSE (8.1728) rather than its modification (7.9700), then GSTAR (1;1) model with outlier is the best model in this case study. This invention shows that the model of space time with outlier model is useable to find precise result rather than space time model only.
I-Primal Submodules
Authors: Steven  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In module over commutative ring with identity, prime notions of submodule are growing vastly. Furthermore, there are also notions of primal submodules. Suppose N be a submodule of R-module M. An element r of R is called prime to N if rm ∈ N with m element of M implies m ∈ N. The submodule N is called primal if the set of elements which not prime to N forms an ideal. The generalization of elements which prime to N is proposed and referred as elements that almost prime to N. An element r ∈ R is called almost prime to N if rm ∈ N – (N: M)N for m element of M implies m is an element of N. In this article, we introduce the generalization of elements which are prime to N as elements which are I-prime to N by changing the set (N:M) into an arbitrary ideal of R. With this notion, we can generalize primality of submodule N to I-primality of submodule N. We called N the submodule of M is I-primal submodule if the set of elements which are I-prime to N forms an ideal of R. Furthermore, we give some characterizations of I-primal submodules and their relation to other prime and primal notions.