bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyse der Kodierungsqualität der Leichenschauscheine und
Obduktionsraten in Chemnitz, 2010–2013
Authors: Illing Georg , Lessig Rüdiger , Stang Andreas 
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Leichenschau als der letzte Dienst des Arztes am
Patienten ist in den letzten Jahren zunehmend in die Kritik geraten. Das Ziel
dieser Arbeit ist es anhand der Daten aus Chemnitz zu untersuchen, welchen
Einfluss der Sterbeort, der leichenschauende Arzt, das Alter und Geschlecht der
Verstorbenen auf die Kodierungsvollständigkeit und
Kodierungsqualität der Todesursachen in den Todesbescheinigungen
hat.
Methoden Es wurden insgesamt 15 612 Todesbescheinigungen und 353
Obduktionsscheine des Gesundheitsamts Chemnitz aus den Sterbebuchjahren
2010–2013 ausgewertet. Es wurden die Merkmale Alter, Geschlecht,
Todesursache nach Erstleichenschau sowie nach evtl. erfolgter Obduktion,
Todesart und eventuelle Komplikationen im Rahmen der zweiten Leichenschau
erfasst. Zusätzlich wurde die Sterbeort- und Leichenschauarzt-Kategorie
erhoben. Außerdem wurden mangelhaft oder falsch kodierte
Todesbescheinigungen berichtigt und eine Übereinstimmungsanalyse
durchgeführt. Die Auswertung erfolgte hierbei gemäß den
formalen Kriterien des Deutschen Instituts für Medizinische
Dokumentation und Information für das grundsätzliche
Ausfüllen von Todesbescheinigungen.
Ergebnisse Die Obduktionsrate betrug 2,3%. Das Grundleiden wurde
in 34,1% nicht dokumentiert. Die Übereinstimmung zwischen
qualitätsgesicherter Nachkodierung und der primären 3-stelligen
ICD-10 Kodierung war hoch (96,5%). Hohes Alter und Sterben
außerhalb des Krankenhauses sowie die Durchführung der
Leichenschau durch einen Arzt, der nicht im Krankenhaus die Leichenschau
durchführt, waren mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit einer
ICD-10 Fehlkodierung assoziiert. Die beobachtete Übereinstimmung des
3-stelligen ICD-10 kodierten Grundleidens des Leichenschauscheins und
Obduktionsscheins betrug 26,3%. In 24,2% enthielt das
Grundleiden sogenannte Garbage Codes, die für eine
Todesursachenstatistik ungeeignet sind.
Schlussfolgerungen Ärzte müssen dafür
sensibilisiert werden, Leichenschauscheine ordnungsgemäß
auszufüllen. Die Obduktion führt sehr häufig zu einer
Änderung des Grundleidens, weswegen die Obduktion eine wichtige
Qualitätskontrolle der Todesursachenfeststellung bleibt. Das ICD-10
Kodieren ist keine primär ärztliche Tätigkeit und sollte
nicht gesetzlich von Ärzten eingefordert werden.
Crystalloid Administration Is Associated with the Recovery of Pediatric Elective Roux-en-Y Hepaticojejunostomy
Authors: Tan Xingqin , Liu Jianxia , Guo Chunbao 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Introduction Intraoperative fluid administration is important for postoperative recovery and might be associated with postoperative complications.
Materials and Methods This retrospective review included 471 patients who underwent Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Patients were separated into two groups based on whether they received low (<15.27 mL/kg/h) or high (>15.27 mL/kg/h) volumes of corrected crystalloid fluids. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for any potential selection bios for the two groups. In 192 matched patients, clinical outcomes, including postoperative complications and length of hospital stay, were compared.
Results Higher use of diuresis (p = 0.027) was found in the high fluid group. Receiving low volumes of crystalloids was associated with postoperative gastrointestinal functional recovery, reflected by the first defecation (odds ratio [OR], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31–1.07; p = 0.047) and first bowel movement (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.38–0.98; p = 0.013). However, the occurrence of renal complications did not show significant differences between the groups. A lower postoperative complication rate (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.42–0.94; p = 0.016) was noted in patients with low crystalloids compared with high crystalloids. The total length of hospital stay was longer in patients with high crystalloid fluid (9.21 ± 3.24 days) than patients with low volumes (7.83 ± 2.58 days; p = 0.012).
Conclusion Low crystalloid fluid administration was associated with favorable postoperative outcomes.
Mixed-methods needs analysis of a Chinese language program
Authors: Wang Haidan , Sun Yunhe 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWith the aim of improving a Chinese language program by incorporating defensible curricula, this study surveyed 213 stakeholders to arrive at a panoramic profile of the program’s needs. A mixed-methods research design with multiple types of data triangulation was employed to achieve a balanced quantitative and qualitative exploration of these needs. To redress a lack of comprehensive studies of Chinese learning needs in higher education, this study investigated: (a) program components that were perceived differently by students and teachers; (b) whether, how, and why lower-level learners diverged from upper-level ones with regard to communicative skills and instructional-approach preferences; and (c) any possible insights for program improvement from both micro- and macro- perspectives. In addition to discussing this study’s reliability and validity, the researchers offer recommendations for potential program restructuring and for Chinese language instruction more generally. The paper concludes with implications for future studies, and how its findings might be utilized for program sustainability and improvement.
TEM ExosomeAnalyzer: a computer‐assisted software tool for quantitative evaluation of extracellular vesicles in transmission electron microscopy images
Authors: Kotrbová Anna , Štěpka Karel , Maška Martin , Pálenik Jakub Jozef , Ilkovics Ladislav , Klemová Dobromila , Kravec Marek , Hubatka František , Dave Zankruti , Hampl Aleš , Bryja Vítězslav , Matula Pavel , Pospíchalová Vendula 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) function as important conveyers of information between cells and thus can be exploited as drug delivery systems or disease biomarkers. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) remains the gold standard method for visualisation of EVs, however the analysis of individual EVs in TEM images is time‐consuming if performed manually. Therefore, we present here a software tool for computer‐assisted evaluation of EVs in TEM images. TEM ExosomeAnalyzer detects EVs based on their shape and edge contrast criteria and subsequently analyses their size and roundness. The software tool is compatible with common negative staining protocols and isolation methods used in the field of EV research; even with challenging TEM images (EVs both lighter and darker than the background, images containing artefacts or precipitated stain, etc.). If the fully‐automatic analysis fails to produce correct results, users can promptly adjust the detected seeds of EVs as well as their boundaries manually. The performance of our tool was evaluated for three different modes with variable levels of human interaction, using two datasets with various heterogeneity. The semi‐automatic mode analyses EVs with high success rate in the homogenous dataset (F1 score 0.9094, Jaccard coefficient 0.8218) as well as in the highly heterogeneous dataset containing EVs isolated from cell culture medium and patient samples (F1 score 0.7619, Jaccard coefficient 0.7553). Moreover, the extracted size distribution profiles of EVs isolated from malignant ascites of ovarian cancer patients overlap with those derived by cryo‐EM and are comparable to NTA‐ and TRPS‐derived data. In summary, TEM ExosomeAnalyzer is an easy‐to‐use software tool for evaluation of many types of vesicular microparticles and is available at http://cbia.fi.muni.cz/exosome‐analyzer free of charge for non‐commercial and research purposes. The web page contains also detailed description how to use the software tool including a video tutorial.
Sporadic acoustic neuroma
Authors: Borsetto Daniele , Faccioli Chiara , Zanoletti Elisabetta 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
To date, early diagnosis of vestibular schwannoma is becoming more and more frequent. This involves an increasing number of small tumors with good hearing. Hearing preservation is thus becoming the goal of each therapy of small acoustic neuroma. The aim of this review was to analyze the treatment options for sporadic vestibular schwannoma (observation, radiotherapy, surgery), in terms of long-term cure for the disease with minimal morbidity, in order to ascertain which treatment option offers the best function preservation rates, especially in terms of hearing.

Method:
Seven hundred and fifty recently published representative case series treated with various options, focusing on hearing preservation, were identified in the PubMed database, and then screened based on parameters preliminarily established.

Results:
From a critical analysis of the results, some critical issues emerged. As to begin, a proper comparison of hearing outcomes among the various options is impossible. Observation and radiotherapy seem to offer good short-term results, but most studies revealed a significant bias due to the lack of long-term follow up data. As for surgery, the results varied considerably due to differences in surgeons’ expertise, patient selection criteria, and other institutional factors.

Conclusions:
Hearing preservation, together with hearing rehabilitation in VS is the current most-debated topic in the therapy of sporadic VS. Thus, the need of long-term, high quality and homogenous data in order to analyze and compare the hearing functional outcome within the observation, radiotherapy, and surgery.
Hyperacusis and social media trends
Authors: Deshpande Aniruddha K. , Deshpande Shruti Balvalli , O’Brien Colleen A. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
In recent years, social media has taken on a new role of helping spread awareness about numerous health conditions, including hyperacusis. Individuals with hyperacusis, which is an atypical response to sound that individuals with normal hearing would find acceptable, are turning to social media platforms to learn about and seek guidance regarding their condition, to communicate with healthcare providers, as well as to find support in other members of the hyperacusis community. The purpose of this study was to investigate trends of social media portrayal of hyperacusis.

Methods:
This investigation systematically analyzed and quantified information related to hyperacusis on three currently popular social media platforms – Facebook (pages and groups), Twitter and YouTube. Further, we noted participation trends across the platforms. The keyword ‘hyperacusis’ was searched on each platform, and results were manually scraped by two reviewers based on numbers of ‘likes’, ‘members’, ‘followers’, ‘views’, ‘comments’ and other social media metrics.

Results:
Over half of the recorded online activity was seen on YouTube, followed by Facebook pages. YouTube was dominated by videos of individuals sharing their experiences with hyperacusis, while Facebook pages were a popular platform for service providers like audiologists. Misinformation and other false claims were found across all platforms, but predominantly on Facebook pages and YouTube.

Conclusions:
This investigation suggests that individuals in the hyperacusis community turn to social media to learn about their condition and share their experiences. Results of this investigation will equip audiologists with information regarding the current portrayal of hyperacusis online and on social media platforms. Audiologists and other hearing health professionals may use these findings to better counsel patients with hyperacusis.
Ambient noise levels and hearing screening outcomes
Authors: Kanji Amisha 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
The current study aimed to determine the mean ambient noise levels within a risk-based newborn hearing screening (NHS) programme. It further aimed to investigate the relationship between the ambient noise levels and the screening outcome. A descriptive, longitudinal, repeated measures, within-subjects design was employed. Three hundred and twenty-five neonates from two public sector hospitals were enrolled in an NHS programme.

Methods:
These neonates underwent an initial hearing screening in the wards, and were thereafter booked for a repeat hearing screening which was conducted in an outpatient clinic within the hospital setting. Screening included transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and automated auditory brainstem response (AABR). The maximum ambient noise levels were measured and recorded for each screening session. Data related to mean ambient noise levels were analysed using descriptive statistics. The independent samples t-test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to determine the association between the ambient noise levels and screening outcomes.

Results:
Results indicated that the ambient sound levels were significantly higher for ears which referred, compared to ears which passed.

Conclusion:
Findings from the current study highlight the need for monitoring of ambient noise levels across all screening contexts, and consideration of the inclusion of sound level measurements when planning for hearing screening programmes, particularly for contexts where environmental adaptations may not be possible.
Audiovestibular evaluation after bariatric surgery
Authors: Elsanadiky Hanaa 
Published: January 2019

Objectives:
In this research, we will focus on the problem of balance disorders reported by some patients following bariatric surgery. We will determine the most sensitive tests for predicting vestibular disorders in bariatric patients and identify the correlations between vestibular investigations and laboratory investigations.

Design:
All subjects who participated in this study were subjected to basic audiological evaluations, vestibular evaluations and laboratory investigations.

Study sample:
Subjects who participated in this study were classified into two groups: the control group, which included 12 volunteer subjects and the bariatric group, which included 19 subjects who had different types of bariatric and experiencing vertigo symptoms.

Results:
Laboratory investigations revealed that bariatric patients had low Vitamin D, B1, Na and Mg levels. A comparison between the vertigo symptoms and the laboratory investigation showed a significant correlation with the vestibular tests. The pursuit test and saccade had high positive correlations with vertigo characteristic. Sensitivity was 76.5% and specificity was 85.7%.

Conclusions:
Saccade latency and pursuit gain were the most sensitive tests for predicting vestibular disorders in bariatric patients. There were correlations between the vestibular investigations and the laboratory investigations. Auditory and vestibular symptoms may occur prior to other manifestations.
Revisiting the Farm Size‐Productivity Relationship Based on a Relatively Wide Range of Farm Sizes: Evidence from Kenya
Authors: Muyanga Milu , Jayne T S 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper revisits the inverse farm size‐productivity relationship in Kenya. The study makes two contributions. First, the relationship is examined over a much wider range of farm sizes than most studies, which is particularly relevant in Africa given the recent rise of medium‐ and large‐scale farms. Second, we test the inverse relationship hypothesis using three different measures of productivity including profits per hectare and total factor productivity, which are arguably more meaningful than standard measures of productivity such as yield or gross output per hectare. We find a U‐shaped relationship between farm size and all three measures of farm productivity. The inverse relationship hypothesis holds on farms between zero and 3 hectares. The relationship between farm size and productivity is relatively flat between 3 and 5 hectares. A strong positive relationship between farm size and productivity emerges within the 5 to 70 hectare range of farm sizes. Across virtually all measures of productivity, farms between 20 and 70 hectares are found to be substantially more productive than farms under 5 hectares. When the analysis is confined to fields cultivated to maize (Kenya's main food crop) the productivity advantage of relatively large farms stems at least partially from differences in technical choice related to mechanization, which substantially reduces labor input per hectare, and from input use intensity.
P-curving x-phi: Does experimental philosophy have evidential value?
Authors: Stuart Michael T , Colaço David , Machery Edouard 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this article, we analyse the evidential value of the corpus of experimental philosophy (x-phi). While experimental philosophers claim that their studies provide insight into philosophical problems, some philosophers and psychologists have expressed concerns that the findings from these studies lack evidential value. Barriers to evidential value include selection bias (i.e., the selective publication of significant results) and p-hacking (practices that increase the odds of obtaining a p-value below the significance level). To find out whether the significant findings in x-phi papers result from selection bias or p-hacking, we applied a p-curve analysis to a corpus of 365 x-phi chapters and articles. Our results suggest that this corpus has evidential value, although there are hints of p-hacking in a few parts of the x-phi corpus.
Three Simple Steps for Refining Transcutaneous Lower Blepharoplasty for Aging Eyelids: The Indispensability of Micro-Autologous Fat Transplantation
Authors: Huang Shu-Hung , Lin Yun-Nan , Lee Su-Shin , Huang Yu-Hao , Takahashi Hidenobu , Chou Chih-Kang , Lin Tsung-Ying , Chen Rong-Fu , Kuo Yur-Ren , Lai Chung-Sheng , Lin Sin-Daw , Lin Tsai-Ming 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundLower blepharoplasty has been used for rejuvenating lower eyelids, and diverse modifications have been used to treat conjunct deformities at the tear trough/lid-cheek junction. Strategies for recontouring prominent tear trough/lid-cheek junctions, including orbital fat manipulation, have been reported with good results in the literature. Micro-autologous fat transplantation (MAFT) is a previously unevaluated, potentially advantageous approach to blending the prominent tear trough/lid-cheek junction.ObjectivesWe determined the long-term results after 3-step transcutaneous lower blepharoplasty with MAFT for patients with aging eyelids and prominent tear trough/lid-cheek junctions.MethodsWe evaluated 205 patients with aging lower eyelids who underwent transcutaneous lower blepharoplasty with MAFT between October 2010 and September 2016. The 3-step procedure involved a subciliary elliptical skin excision, resection of 3 orbital fat compartments, and MAFT for the tear trough/lid-cheek junction employing a MAFT-GUN under intravenous anesthesia.ResultsThe mean patient age was 52 years (range, 34-78 years). The mean operating time was 61 minutes. The mean fat volumes delivered to the tear trough/lid-cheek junctions were 2.80 mL and 2.76 mL for the left and right sides, respectively. The average weights of the 3 resected orbital fat compartments were 0.58 g for the left side and 0.56 g for the right side. Patients showed significant improvement and maintenance at an average follow-up of 60.2 months (range, 18-90 months).ConclusionsThree-step transcutaneous lower blepharoplasty with MAFT is an effective, reliable, and promising method with high patient satisfaction and minimal risk of complications. Long-term results demonstrated its utility for aging lower eyelid treatment.Level of Evidence: 4
Inferring clonal heterogeneity in cancer using SNP arrays and whole genome sequencing
Authors: Zucker Mark R , Abruzzo Lynne V , Herling Carmen D , Barron Lynn L , Keating Michael J , Abrams Zachary B , Heerema Nyla , Coombes Kevin R 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Clonal heterogeneity is common in many types of cancer, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Previous research suggests that the presence of multiple distinct cancer clones is associated with clinical outcome. Detection of clonal heterogeneity from high throughput data, such as sequencing or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array data, is important for gaining a better understanding of cancer and may improve prediction of clinical outcome or response to treatment. Here, we present a new method, CloneSeeker, for inferring clinical heterogeneity from sequencing data, SNP array data, or both.

Results
We generated simulated SNP array and sequencing data and applied CloneSeeker along with two other methods. We demonstrate that CloneSeeker is more accurate than existing algorithms at determining the number of clones, distribution of cancer cells among clones, and mutation and/or copy numbers belonging to each clone. Next, we applied CloneSeeker to SNP array data from samples of 258 previously untreated CLL patients to gain a better understanding of the characteristics of CLL tumors and to elucidate the relationship between clonal heterogeneity and clinical outcome. We found that a significant majority of CLL patients appear to have multiple clones distinguished by copy number alterations alone. We also found that the presence of multiple clones corresponded with significantly worse survival among CLL patients. These findings may prove useful for improving the accuracy of prognosis and design of treatment strategies.

Availability and implementation
Code available on R-Forge: https://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/CloneSeeker/

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Socioeconomic inequalities in disability in Europe: contribution of behavioral, work-related and living conditions
Authors: Pérez-Hernández Bibiana , Rubio-Valverde Jose R , Nusselder Wilma J , Mackenbach Johan P 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown the existence of social inequalities in disability in many European countries. However, it is not clear what factors are associated with these inequalities. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of behavioral factors, work-related factors and living conditions to educational inequalities in disability.MethodsWe pooled data from the seventh wave of the European Social Survey (2014) which included self-reported disability measured with the Global Activity Limitations Indicator for 19 European countries. We used multivariate logistic regression to determine the contributions of behavioral factors, work-related and living conditions to educational inequalities in disability among respondents aged 30–79.ResultsWe found that adjusting simultaneously for three groups of determinants (behavioral, work-related and living conditions) reduces the greatest proportion of inequalities in disability in both men and women, in a range >70%. Each group of determinants contributes substantially to explain inequalities in disability.ConclusionsInequalities in disability are a major challenge for public health in most European countries. Our findings suggest that these inequalities can be reduced by diminishing inequalities in exposure to well-known health determinants.