bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting the development of primary in-service teacher educators
Authors: Grassick Laura 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
English language as a compulsory component of primary state school curricula is a growing phenomenon around the world. One of the challenges of this lies in training the vast numbers of teachers required. To date there has been little consideration of how those tasked with facilitating the professional development of primary English language teachers might be supported and the kind of knowledge, skills, and understanding they might need. This paper explores the experiences of primary teachers and university lecturers learning to become in-service teacher educators in the context of primary ELT curriculum change in Vietnam. The findings provide insights into the participants’ understanding of primary English language teaching and learning and the new curriculum, their awareness of the classroom contexts in which primary teachers work, and their ability to support teachers in implementing the innovation. The implications of this beyond the context of the study are highlighted.
Relationship between coronary plaque morphology of the left anterior descending artery and 12 months clinical outcome: the CLIMA study
Authors: Prati Francesco , Romagnoli Enrico , Gatto Laura , La Manna Alessio , Burzotta Francesco , Ozaki Yukio , Marco Valeria , Boi Alberto , Fineschi Massimo , Fabbiocchi Franco , Taglieri Nevio , Niccoli Giampaolo , Trani Carlo , Versaci Francesco , Calligaris Giuseppe , Ruscica Gianni , Di Giorgio Alessandro , Vergallo Rocco , Albertucci Mario , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe , Tamburino Corrado , Crea Filippo , Alfonso Fernando , Arbustini Eloisa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
The CLIMA study, on the relationship between coronary plaque morphology of the left anterior descending artery and twelve months clinical outcome, was designed to explore the predictive value of multiple high-risk plaque features in the same coronary lesion [minimum lumen area (MLA), fibrous cap thickness (FCT), lipid arc circumferential extension, and presence of optical coherence tomography (OCT)-defined macrophages] as detected by OCT. Composite of cardiac death and target segment myocardial infarction was the primary clinical endpoint.

Methods and results
From January 2013 to December 2016, 1003 patients undergoing OCT evaluation of the untreated proximal left anterior descending coronary artery in the context of clinically indicated coronary angiogram were prospectively enrolled at 11 independent centres (clinicaltrial.gov identifier NCT02883088). At 1-year, the primary clinical endpoint was observed in 37 patients (3.7%). In a total of 1776 lipid plaques, presence of MLA &lt;3.5 mm2 [hazard ratio (HR) 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–4.0], FCT &lt;75 µm (HR 4.7, 95% CI 2.4–9.0), lipid arc circumferential extension &gt;180° (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–4.8), and OCT-defined macrophages (HR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–6.1) were all associated with increased risk of the primary endpoint. The pre-specified combination of plaque features (simultaneous presence of the four OCT criteria in the same plaque) was observed in 18.9% of patients experiencing the primary endpoint and was an independent predictor of events (HR 7.54, 95% CI 3.1–18.6).

Conclusion
The simultaneous presence of four high-risk OCT plaque features was found to be associated with a higher risk of major coronary events.
Incidence of heart failure after pacemaker implantation: a nationwide Danish Registry-based follow-up study
Authors: Tayal Bhupendar , Fruelund Patricia , Sogaard Peter , Riahi Sam , Polcwiartek Christoffer , Atwater Brett D , Gislason Gunnar , Risum Niels , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Kober Lars , Kragholm Kristian Hay 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
The objective of the current study is to investigate the risk of heart failure (HF) after implantation of a pacemaker (PM) with a right ventricular pacing (RVP) lead in comparison to a matched cohort without a PM and factors associated with this risk.

Methods and results
All patients without a known history of HF who had a PM implanted with an RVP lead between 2000 and 2014 (n = 27 704) were identified using Danish nationwide registries. An age- and gender-matched control cohort (matched 1:5, n = 138 520) without PM and HF was identified to compare the risk. Outcome was the cumulative incidence of HF including fatal HF within the first 2 years of PM implantation, with all-cause mortality and myocardial infarction (MI) as competing risks. Due to violation of proportional hazards, the follow-up period was divided into three time-intervals: &lt;30 days, 30–180 days, and &gt;180 days–2 years. The cumulative incidence of HF including fatal HF was observed in 2937 (10.6%) PM patients. Risks for the three time-intervals were &lt;30 days [hazard ratio (HR) 5.98, 95% CI 5.19–6.90], 30–180 days (HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.71–1.98), and &gt;180 days (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04–1.17). Among patients with a PM device, factors associated with increased risk of HF were male sex (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.24–1.43), presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.29–2.09), and prior MI (1.77, 95% 1.50–2.09).

Conclusions
Pacemaker with an RVP lead is strongly associated with risk of HF specifically within the first 6 months. Patients with antecedent history of MI and CKD had substantially increased risk.
Maximum-fixed energy shocks for cardioverting atrial fibrillation
Authors: Schmidt Anders S , Lauridsen Kasper G , Torp Peter , Bach Leif F , Rickers Hans , Løfgren Bo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
Direct-current cardioversion is one of the most commonly performed procedures in cardiology. Low-escalating energy shocks are common practice but the optimal energy selection is unknown. We compared maximum-fixed and low-escalating energy shocks for cardioverting atrial fibrillation.

Methods and results
In a single-centre, single-blinded, randomized trial, we allocated elective atrial fibrillation patients to cardioversion using maximum-fixed (360-360-360 J) or low-escalating (125-150-200 J) biphasic truncated exponential shocks. The primary endpoint was sinus rhythm 1 min after cardioversion. Safety endpoints were any arrhythmia, myocardial injury, skin burns, and patient-reported pain after cardioversion. We randomized 276 patients, and baseline characteristics were well-balanced between groups (mean ± standard deviation age: 68 ± 9 years, male: 72%, atrial fibrillation duration &gt;1 year: 30%). Sinus rhythm 1 min after cardioversion was achieved in 114 of 129 patients (88%) in the maximum-fixed energy group, and in 97 of 147 patients (66%) in the low-escalating energy group (between-group difference; 22 percentage points, 95% confidence interval 13–32, P &lt; 0.001). Sinus rhythm after first shock occurred in 97 of 129 patients (75%) in the maximum-fixed energy group compared to 50 of 147 patients (34%) in the low-escalating energy group (between-group difference; 41 percentage points, 95% confidence interval 30–51). There was no significant difference between groups in any safety endpoint.

Conclusion
Maximum-fixed energy shocks were more effective compared with low-escalating energy shocks for cardioverting atrial fibrillation. We found no difference in any safety endpoint.
Very late arrhythmia recurrences in patients with sinus rhythm within the first year after catheter ablation: The Leipzig Heart Center AF Ablation Registry
Authors: Kornej Jelena , Schumacher Katja , Sommer Philipp , Potpara Tatjana , Arya Arash , Dagres Nikolaos , Bollmann Andreas , Husser-Bollmann Daniela , Lip Gregory Y H , Hindricks Gerhard 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAims Arrhythmia recurrences after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) still remain an important management issue. Recently, the APPLE score had been introduced to predict rhythm outcomes within 12 months after catheter ablation, while the simple MB-LATER score was developed for the prediction of very late recurrence of AF (VLRAF) occurring after 12 months. The aim of this study was to compare APPLE and MB-LATER scores in predicting VLRAF.Methods and results The study population included arrhythmia-free patients within first 12 months after first radiofrequency catheter ablation from The Heart Center Leipzig AF Ablation Registry. The APPLE [one point for Age >65 years, Persistent AF, imPaired eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, Left atrial (LA) diameter ≥43 mm, EF <50%] and MB-LATER scores [one point for Male gender, Bundle branch block or QRS >120 ms, LA diameter ≥47 mm, AF Type (persistent AF), Early Recurrence <3 months] were calculated before and 3 months after ablation, respectively. We followed 482 patients {age 61 [interquartile range (IQR) 54–68] years, 66% males, 32% persistent AF} for median 40 (IQR 35–50) months. There were 184 patients (38.3%) with arrhythmia recurrences within 13–60 months after ablation. On multivariate analysis, APPLE [odds ratio (OR) 1.517, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.244–1.850, P < 0.001] and MB-LATER (OR 1.437, 95% CI 1.211–1.705, P < 0.001) scores and diabetes mellitus (OR 2.214, 95% CI 1.353–3.625, P = 0.002) were significantly associated with arrhythmia recurrences. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses demonstrated moderate prediction for both scores [area under the curve (AUC) 0.607, P < 0.001 for APPLE score, AUC 0.604, P < 0.001 for MB-LATER].Conclusion Prediction of VLRAF is similar for both APPLE and MB-LATER scores. A better score remains still a clinical unmet need.
Effect of sulfite addition andpied de cuveinoculation on the microbial communities and sensory profiles of Chardonnay wines: dominance of indigenousSaccharomyces uvarumat a commercial winery
Authors: Morgan Sydney C , McCarthy Garrett C , Watters Brittany S , Tantikachornkiat Mansak , Zigg Ieva , Cliff Margaret A , Durall Daniel M 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe microbial consortium of wine fermentations is highly dependent upon winemaking decisions made at crush, including the decision to inoculate and the decision to add sulfur dioxide (SO2) to the must. To investigate this, Chardonnay grape juice was subjected to two inoculation treatments (uninoculated and pied de cuve inoculation) as well as two SO2 addition concentrations (0 and 40 mg/L). The bacterial communities, fungal communities and Saccharomyces populations were monitored throughout fermentation using culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. After fermentation, the wines were evaluated by a panel of experts. When no SO2 was added, the wines underwent alcoholic fermentation and malolactic fermentation simultaneously. Tatumella bacteria were present in significant numbers, but only in the fermentations to which no SO2 was added, and were likely responsible for the malolactic fermentation observed in these treatments. All fermentations were dominated by a genetically diverse indigenous population of Saccharomyces uvarum, the highest diversity of S. uvarum strains to be identified to date; 150 unique strains were identified, with differences in strain composition as a result of SO2 addition. This is the first report of indigenous S. uvarum strains dominating and completing fermentations at a commercial winery in North America.
Involvement of the stress-responsive transcription factor gene MSN2 in the control of amino acid uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Mat Nanyan Noreen Suliani binti , Watanabe Daisuke , Sugimoto Yukiko , Takagi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The transcriptional factor Msn2 plays a pivotal role in response to environmental stresses by activating the transcription of stress-responsive genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our previous studies demonstrate that intracellular proline acts as a key protectant against various stresses. It is unknown, however, whether Msn2 is involved in proline homeostasis in S. cerevisiae cells. We here found that MSN2-overexpressing (MSN2-OE) cells showed higher sensitivity to a toxic analogue of proline, l-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZC), as well as to the other amino acid toxic analogues, than wild-type cells. Overexpression of MSN2 increased the intracellular content of AZC, suggesting that Msn2 positively regulates the uptake of proline. Among the known proline permease genes, GNP1 was shown to play a predominant role in the AZC toxicity. Based on quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analyses, the overexpression of MSN2 did not induce any increases in the transcript levels of GNP1 or the other proline permease genes, while the amount of the Gnp1 protein was markedly increased in MSN2-OE cells. Microscopic observation suggested that the endocytic degradation of Gnp1 was impaired in MSN2-OE cells. Thus, this study sheds light on a novel link between the Msn2-mediated global stress response and the amino acid homeostasis in S. cerevisiae.
Access to Abortion in Cases of Fatal Foetal Abnormality: A New Direction for the European Court of Human Rights?
Authors: Ní Ghráinne Bríd , McMahon Aisling 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
In contrast to the United Nations Human Rights Committee, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has not yet found that a prohibition of abortion in cases of fatal foetal abnormality violates the prohibition of torture or inhuman or degrading treatment under Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. We argue that the ECtHR is on the verge of aligning itself with the Committee because, first, recent ECtHR jurisprudence is broadening its interpretation of rights within the abortion context; second, the ECtHR frequently uses international law as an interpretative tool; and, third, moving in the direction of the Committee would not be as controversial as it may have been in the past. More broadly, we view the proliferation of international and regional human rights' treaty regimes as a positive aspect of international human rights law and demonstrate how a body established to adjudicate on human rights disputes can, with some ingenuity, broaden its approach on sensitive topics by engaging with views of other human rights courts and treaty monitoring bodies.
Who Is a Refugee in Africa? A Principled Framework for Interpreting and Applying Africa’s Expanded Refugee Definition
Authors: Wood Tamara 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Africa’s expanded refugee definition – article I(2) of the 1969 Convention – provides the legal basis of protection for a significant number of the world’s refugees. It is a gateway to a host of rights aimed at protecting refugees from future harm and preserving their dignity until a durable solution can be found. The expansive nature of the African definition has seen it praised for being more humanitarian, more reflective of current causes of displacement, and an exemplar for the development of refugee protection regimes elsewhere. Despite this, the scope of the definition and the meaning of its terms remain poorly understood in both literature and practice. Attempts to interpret the definition to date have been largely superficial and often lacking in any principled interpretative framework. This undermines its implementation in practice, potentially risking the lives and security of those entitled to protection as refugees in Africa.
This article sets out a principled framework for interpreting and applying Africa’s expanded refugee definition. The framework is drawn from international law principles of treaty interpretation, as set out in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and customary international law. However, this article goes beyond merely reciting the relevant principles: it analyses their scope, applicability to Africa’s expanded refugee definition, and implications for the interpretation of the definition’s terms. It also identifies, and describes in detail, four key principles for interpreting the expanded refugee definition. These four key principles are critical to addressing the shortcomings of existing understandings of the definition and some of the main controversies that arise in its interpretation and application. They also provide a practical and accessible source of guidance for refugee status decision makers and others that could assist in promoting consistency, transparency, and fairness in refugee status determination within African States.
59 Genotypic effects of a Dopamine receptor type-2 SNP on growth and semen quality in beef bulls exposed to a dopamine agonist
Authors: DeCarlo Andrea N , Jennings Kaysie , Pratt Scott , Burnett Callie , Long Nathan , Bridges William , Kojima Cheryl 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Ergot alkaloids (EA) share similar structural properties to neurotransmitters and are able to elicit physiological responses in cattle that consume them by binding receptors such as the Dopamine type-2 receptor (DRD2). A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in DRD2, previously found to be correlated to prolactin (PRL) serum concentrations was evaluated for impact on growth traits and semen quality parameters. Yearling beef bulls were allowed to graze a diet containing (E+) (n = 41) or lacking EA (E-) (n = 43) over a four-year study. Blood samples and semen were collected every 21 or 28 d. Semen motility, morphology, body condition score (BCS), and scrotal circumference (SC) were recorded. Prolactin (PRL) serum concentrations were assessed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Bulls were sacrificed from the first year at the end of a 126-day period or 60 days after removal of treatment. Testicles and epididymis were collected and immunohistochemistry was performed on testis, epididymis, and sperm cells. Tissues and cells were incubated in the presence or absence of primary antibody against DRD2 with a DAPI counterstain. Isolation of DNA was performed on sperm pellets from semen collected using DNAzol (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Amplification of the DRD2 SNP region was performed by PCR and resulting products were assessed for genotype through restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. These data show the presence of DRD2 in the testis, epididymis, and sperm cells; however, semen quality and growth traits did not differ across DRD2 genotype or treatment. Body condition (P = 0.0009), SC (P = 0.0053), and semen velocity (P = 0.0398) differed across period. As expected, consumption of EA resulted in decreased prolactin serum concentrations (P = 0.0240).
66 Future-proofing the feedyard workforce: Survey of Texas beef cattle stockpeople indicates positive attitudes towards animals and the workplace while highlighting opportunities for improvement
Authors: Ridge Emily E , Gill Ron , Daigle Courtney L 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A survey was administered to Texas cattle feedyard employees (n = 111) from 31 different operations measuring stockperson perception, job satisfaction, and socioeconomic status using Likert statements and multiple-choice questions. Differences among employment roles (manager, pen rider, processor, doctor) were evaluated using a Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a Multiple Comparison procedure. Managers more strongly agreed that “beef cattle are not dirty” than doctors (P = 0.03) and that “cattle behavior is affected by the way we treat them” than pen riders (P = 0.002) or processors (P = 0.01). Managers were less likely than doctors, pen riders and processors to believe they have too many cattle to look after (P = 0.05, P = 0.006 and P = 0.01, respectively). Pen riders reported less confidence in performing euthanasia than doctors (P = 0.02) and managers (P = 0.02), and, along with processors, agreed that cattle were not always euthanized in a timely manner (P = 0.02 and P = 0.02, respectively). While all roles viewed Holstein cattle unfavorably (P < 0.001), processors viewed them more positively than pen riders (P = 0.05) and managers (P = 0.001). Socioeconomic results showed that Texas feedyards have a dedicated, passionate workforce, with 43% of participants having worked in the industry for 9+ years and 49% of participants working at cattle feedyards because they enjoy working with animals. Unfortunately, it was evident that stockpeople are underpaid (57% of participants making between $10–15/hr) and overworked (76% of participants working 50+ hrs/wk). Survey responses identified critical role-dependent knowledge gaps and biases. A disconnect was observed among compensation, workload, and the duration of time stockpeople spend interacting with cattle. Increasing industry investment in feedyard employees and providing breed-specific and employee role-specific education may promote an encouraging workplace that ensures cattle experience good welfare.
71 Integrity Beef Alliance: II. Production and financial data analysis
Authors: Wells Robert S , Bradley Jason 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Noble Research Institute Integrity Beef Alliance (IBEEF) program which, emphasizes cow/calf best management practices and marketing has been in existence since 2000. From 2009 through 2017, weaning weight has averaged 268.5 kg, 28.6 kg heavier than the 2008 NAHMS data. Sale weights of spring born calves after a minimum 60 d preconditioning phase averaged 703 lbs. During the preconditioning phase, the cost of gain has averaged $0.34/kg and the value of gain has averaged $0.72/kg. Average preconditioning profit has been $0.38/kg. Total cost of preconditioning calves for at least 60 d for program participants has averaged $122.20/hd and total average profit has been $123.50/ hd. Calves have averaged 1.01 kg/d gain during the preconditioning phase. This value-added calf program has demonstrated an average of 5.77% and 4.80% increase in market value for steers and heifers over all other cattle marketed on the same day at the same sale venue (OKC West Livestock Market, El Reno, OK), respectively, since 2012. Relative to non-certified cattle, IBEEF cattle demonstrated an average of 5.76% and 6.27% increase in market value for steers and heifers, respectively. Membership has grown from 1139 hd with 11 members to 7521 head of calves enrolled by 51 member ranches.
65 On-farm demonstrations improve producer understanding of using metsulfuron for tall fescue seedhead suppression
Authors: Rogers Johnny R , Poore Matthew H , Ingram Sam , Harmon Deidre 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In 2018, a series of 4 on-farm demonstrations were conducted using a metsulfuron herbicide for tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) seedhead suppression to increase producer awareness of this practice. Chaparral© herbicide was applied prior to the boot stage (April 5–April 21, 2018) and the design was an unreplicated field with side by side treated and untreated areas. Forage samples were taken to determine yield, nutritive value, species composition and ergovaline level. Treatment with Chaparral© increased crude protein (12.1 vs. 14.2%) while reducing yield (5477 vs. 3738 kg/ha) and tall fescue seedhead proportion (42.8 vs. 25.4%) (P < 0.05). Total digestible nutrients tended to be higher (57.2 vs 59.2%, P = 0.08) and ergovaline level tended to be lower (901 vs. 491 ppb, P = 0.11) with treatment. Workshops were held to report the demonstration results. Total workshop registration was 147 with 91 evaluations completed. Participants were 78% male and 22% female with 65% being over the age 50. The pasture hectares grazed by participants was 4253 with 1415 ha as hay. Attendee’s livestock inventories were 6357 beef cattle, 105 sheep, 66 goats and 70 horses. Post-workshop evaluation indicated that 100% of attendees increased understanding of fescue toxicosis, management strategies to reduce fescue toxicity and of using metsulfuron for seedhead suppression. Evaluations completed at the conclusion of each workshop (n = 90) indicated satisfaction with (scale of 1 = not satisfied to 4 = very satisfied, mean ± SD): instructors’ knowledge (3.86 ± 0.34), workshop environment/format (3.83 ± 0.37), and overall quality (3.82 ± 0.41). One hundred percent indicated that this workshop met their expectations and they would recommend it to others. Producer interest and responses indicate that on farm demonstrations are an effective method for education of new production practices