bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paradox of hypercholesterolaemia in highly trained, keto-adapted athletes
Authors: Creighton Brent C , Hyde Parker Neil , Maresh Carl M , Kraemer William J , Phinney Stephen D , Volek Jeff S 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveA growing number of ultra-endurance athletes have switched to a very low-carbohydrate/high-fat eating pattern. We compared markers of cholesterol and the lipoprotein profile in a group of elite ultra-runners consuming a high-carbohydrate (HC) or low-carbohydrate (LC) diet.MethodsFasting blood was obtained from competitive male ultra-endurance runners habitually consuming a very low-carbohydrate (LC; n=10) or high-carbohydrate (HC; n=10) diet to determine blood cholesterol profile, lipoprotein particle distribution and sterol biomarkers of cholesterol balance.ResultsPlasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) cholesterol were all significantly greater (p<0.000) in the LC group (65%, 83% and 60%, respectively). There were also significant differences in lipoprotein particle distribution as evidenced by a greater size and concentration of large HDL and LDL particles, and total LDL particle concentration was significantly greater in the LC group, but they had significantly fewer small LDL particles.ConclusionUltra-endurance athletes habitually consuming a very low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet for over a year showed unique cholesterol profiles characterised by consistently higher plasma LDL-C and HDL-C, less small LDL particles, and lipoprotein profiles consistent with higher insulin sensitivity. There may be a functional purpose to the expansion of the circulating cholesterol pool to meet the heightened demand for lipid transport in highly trained, keto-adapted athletes.
Control of glyphosate-resistant Canada fleabane in Ontario with multiple effective modes-of-action in glyphosate/dicamba-resistant soybean
Authors: Hedges Brittany K. , Soltani Nader , Robinson Darren E. , Hooker David C. , Sikkema Peter H. 
Published: October 2018

Canada fleabane is a winter or summer annual weed that is found throughout North America. Fall-emerged Canada fleabane can fix carbon early in the growing season, giving it a competitive advantage over nearby crop and weed species. Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Canada fleabane was originally found in one county in Ontario, Canada, in 2010 and had spread to at least 29 additional counties within the province by 2016. Previous research with several preplant herbicides resulted in variable control of GR Canada fleabane in soybean. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate/dicamba (1800 g a.e. ha−1) alone or with the addition of a second effective mode-of-action for the control of GR Canada fleabane in glyphosate/dicamba-resistant soybean. At 4 weeks after application, glyphosate/dicamba + saflufenacil, saflufenacil/dimethenamid-P, saflufenacil/imazethapyr, or paraquat controlled GR Canada fleabane 97%, 96%, 97%, and 98%, respectively. All herbicide treatments decreased Canada fleabane density and biomass by 93%–99%. When choosing herbicide programs, it is important to consider the use of multiple modes-of-action to decrease selection pressure for the evolution of herbicide-resistant Canada fleabane. Treatments containing saflufenacil, saflufenacil/dimethenamid-P, or saflufenacil/imazethapyr with the addition of glyphosate/dicamba are recommended for the control of GR Canada fleabane.
Encoding of Rational Numbers and Their Homomorphic Computations for FHE-Based Applications
Authors: Chung Heewon , Kim Myungsun 
Published: October 2018

This work addresses a basic problem of security systems that operate on very sensitive information. Specifically, we are interested in the problem of privately handling numeric data represented by rational numbers (e.g., medical records). Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is one of the natural and powerful tools for ensuring privacy of sensitive data, while allowing complicated computations on the data. However, because the native plaintext domain of known FHE schemes is restricted to a set of quite small integers, it is not easy to obtain efficient algorithms for encrypted rational numbers in terms of space and computation costs. For example, the naïve decimal representation considerably restricts the choice of parameters in employing an FHE scheme, particularly the plaintext size. Our basic strategy is to alleviate this inefficiency by using a different representation of rational numbers instead of naïve expressions. In this work we express rational numbers as continued fractions. Because continued fractions enable us to represent rational numbers as a sequence of integers, we can use a plaintext space with a small size while preserving the same quality of precision. However, this encoding technique requires performing very complex arithmetic operations, such as division and modular reduction. Theoretically, FHE allows the evaluation of any function, including modular reduction at encrypted data, but it requires a Boolean circuit of very high degree to be constructed. Hence, the primary contribution of this work is developing an approach to solve this efficiency problem using homomorphic operations with small degrees.
Sex-specific effects of advanced maternal age on cardiovascular function in aged adult rat offspring
Authors: Shah Amin , Cooke Christy-Lynn M. , Kirschenman Raven D. , Quon Anita L. , Morton Jude S. , Care Alison S. , Davidge Sandra T. 
Published: October 2018

Pregnancy at an advanced maternal age has an increased risk of complications for both the mothers and their offspring. We have previously shown that advanced maternal age in a rat model leads to poor fetal outcomes, maternal vascular dysfunction, and hypertension, concordant with findings in humans. Moreover, offspring from aged dams had sex-specific cardiovascular dysfunction in young adulthood. However, the detrimental impact of aging on the cardiovascular system of the offspring in this model is unknown. We hypothesized that offspring born to aged dams (9.5–10 mo old) would have impaired cardiovascular function at 12 mo of age. Echocardiographic data revealed signs of mild left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in only male offspring from aged dams [isovolumetric relaxation time: 34.27 ± 2.04 in the young dam group vs. 27.61 ± 0.99 ms in the aged dam group, P < 0.01; mitral annular velocity ratio ( E′/ A′): 1.08 ± 0.04 in the young dam group vs. 0.96 ± 0.02 in the aged dam group, P < 0.05]. We have previously shown that in young adulthood (4 mo of age), male, but not female, offspring born to aged dams had impaired recovery from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Aging did not alter the susceptibility of female offspring to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Interestingly, wire myography data revealed that male offspring from aged dams had enhanced vascular sensitivity to methacholine (negative log of EC50: 7.4 ± 0.08 in young dams vs. 7.9 ± 0.11 in aged dams, P = 0.007) due, in part, to increased prostaglandin-mediated vasodilation. Despite intact endothelium-dependent relaxation, female offspring from aged dams had elevated systolic blood pressure (125.3 ± 4.2 mmHg in young dams vs. 144.0 ± 6.9 mmHg in aged dams, P = 0.03). These data highlight sex-specific mechanisms underlying cardiovascular programming in offspring born to dams of advanced age. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study demonstrated that adult male and female offspring (12 mo old) born to aged dams had impaired cardiac diastolic function and increased blood pressure, respectively, signifying sex-specific differential cardiovascular effects of advanced maternal age.
Lost in Translation: Deciphering the Mechanism of Action of Anti-human CTLA-4
Authors: Quezada Sergio A. , Peggs Karl S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Despite a number of preclinical studies demonstrating that the activity of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies in murine models of cancer relies on effector T-cell activation and regulatory T cell depletion, the activity of the clinical antibodies remains controversial. To decipher such mechanisms is critical to the development of novel and more potent immunotherapies.
See related article by Sharma et al., p. 1233
Functional Outcome and Quality of Life after Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis within a Defined Population in Sweden
Authors: Dafnis George 
Published: October 2018

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The purpose of this population-based study was to present prospectively recorded functional data and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaire data to assess the long-term results of the first 100 consecutive ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) performed chronologically by 3 surgeons in a single referral centre. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> During 1993–2008, 100 patients underwent IPAA. The 90 patients still alive with an intact pouch were included (response rate = 92%). Function was evaluated using St Mark’s incontinence score, and HRQOL with SF-36. <b><i>Results:</i></b> At 18 months after loop ileostomy closure, 63 patients (76%) had 4–6 day-time and 47 patients (57%) had no night-time bowel movements. A stapled IPAA resulted in better St Mark’s (<i>p</i> = 0.0064) and Wexner scores (<i>p</i> = 0.0019) than did a hand-sewn anastomosis. The younger the patients were at the onset of ulcerative colitis (UC) the better St Mark’s (<i>p</i> = 0.0037) and Wexner scores (<i>p</i> = 0.011) were. The patients scored significantly higher than did the general Swedish population adjusted by age-group and sex in 6 out of 7 SF-36 subscales. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In the hands of experienced high-volume surgeons, IPAA is a safe procedure associated with good functional results that are stable over time. Stapled IPAA and younger age at onset of UC were correlated with better functional results. The HRQOL scores were high.
Relation of the Ankle Brachial Index to Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients Without Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Nunez Arismendy , Russ Sophia , Ihsan Muhammad , Gaballah Sarah , Haque Attiya , Goulbourne Clive , Railwah Dale , Massay Ryan , Khan Muhammad Afzal , Salciccioli Louis , Stewart Mark , Lazar Jason M. 
Published: October 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The low ankle brachial index (ABI) values are indicative of peripheral arterial disease, but have recently been found to be associated with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). This may relate to coexisting coronary artery disease (CAD). <b><i>Aim:</i></b> This study prospectively assessed a potential ABI–LVEF association in patients without CAD. <b><i>Methods and Results:</i></b> We studied 55 patients (age 57 ± 13 years, 49% male) with normal coronary arteries with LVEF determination. ABI, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and augmentation index (AI) were performed after coronary angiography. ABI correlated with LVEF (<i>r</i> = 0.40, <i>p</i> = 0.002), but not with PWV or AI. On linear regression analysis, ABI was independently associated with LVEF (<i>B</i> = 0.42, <i>p</i> = 0.004). The median LVEF was lower in subjects with low ABI values compared to those with normal ABI values (33 vs. 61%; <i>p</i> = 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> ABI may be influenced by LVEF independently of CAD, arterial stiffness or pressure wave reflection.
Patrimônio e intervenção em preexistências no renascimento italiano: três casos exemplares
Authors: Luccas Luís Henrique Haas 
Published: October 2018

O estudo oferece uma contribuição ao tema da intervenção em edificações existentes. Examina a prática no renascimento italiano, quando se configura a noção de patrimônio, como efeito da reverência dos humanistas pela antiguidade clássica; ali surgiam os monumentos “não intencionais”, segundo a classificação de Riegl. A reflexão se desenvolve através da análise de três casos exemplares, amparada em uma revisão bibliográfica concisa. A primeira examina a pequena intervenção de Michelangelo na base do Palazzo Medici, realizada em 1517, quando ele insere as chamadas janelas inginocchiati ou ajoelhadas. O segundo caso examina a construção do Palazzo Savelli-Orsini sobre as ruínas do Teatro di Marcello, realizada por Peruzzi nos anos 1520, assim como outras camadas de intervenção: uma do período Mussolini, onde ocorreu o diradamento edilizio; outra de linhagem moderna, entre 1962 e 1964, com o autor Quaroni atuando de modo similar a Scarpa. E o terceiro caso trata da conversão da Terma de Diocleciano em Basílica de Santa Maria degli Angeli, concebida por Michelangelo em 1561: sem dúvida, a atualidade da economia de meios utilizados ali seria uma de suas últimas e maiores lições.
Number of Measurements Needed to Obtain a Reliable Estimate of Home Blood Pressure: Results From the Improving the Detection of Hypertension Study
Authors: Bello Natalie A. , Schwartz Joseph E. , Kronish Ian M. , Oparil Suzanne , Anstey D. Edmund , Wei Ying , Cheung Ying Kuen K. , Muntner Paul , Shimbo Daichi 
Published: October 2018

Background

Obtaining out‐of‐clinic blood pressure (
BP
) measurements to confirm a diagnosis of hypertension is recommended before initiating treatment. There are few empiric data available on the number of measurements required to reliably estimate
BP
on home
BP
monitoring (
HBPM
).

Methods and Results

We analyzed data from 316 community‐dwelling adults not taking antihypertensive medication from the
IDH
(Improving the Detection of Hypertension) study who performed
HBPM
for 14 days. The reliability of home
BP
measurements was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient and as the percentage of participants with an absolute difference in home
BP
<10 mm Hg between weeks. The reliability of home hypertension status was assessed by the κ statistic. In the
IDH
study, 13.6% of participants had clinic hypertension and 18.0% had home hypertension. Mean home systolic and diastolic
BP
exhibited excellent reliability and sufficient agreement using the average of 2 morning and 2 evening
BP
readings for a minimum of 2 days of
HBPM
and a single morning and single evening or 2 morning
BP
readings for a minimum of 3 days. For diagnosing home hypertension, there was good agreement with a minimum of 3 days of
HBPM
using the average of 2 morning and 2 evening measurements or a single morning and single evening
BP
reading. A greater number of days was required for the other
HBPM
strategies.

Conclusions

Using the average of morning and evening readings, 3 days of
HBPM
are needed to reliably estimate mean home
BP
and diagnose out‐of‐clinic hypertension.
TOPSIS VE K-MEDOIDS YÖNTEMLERİYLE KARAR VERME: R PROGRAMLAMA DİLİ İLE MÜŞTERİ GERİ KAZANMA UYGULAMASI
Authors: Esen M.fevzi , Bilgiç Emrah 
Published: October 2018

Büyük işletmeler, kendisinden ayrılan ve rakip işletmelere geçen eski müşterilerine yönelik gerikazanma faaliyetleri düzenleyeceği zaman, kârlılığa en çok katkı yapan müşterileri tercih etmektedir. Bu seçim, çoğu zaman maliyet ve zaman kısıtları altında birçok değişkenin aynı anda değerlendirilmesini gerektirmektedir. TOPSIS yöntemi, çok kriterli problemler için oluşturulmuş bir karar verme tekniği olup, tedarikçi ve kuruluş yeri seçimi, üretim sistemleri, pazarlama yönetimi, sağlık,güvenlik ve çevre yönetimi gibi geniş bir uygulama alanında kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bir telekomünikasyon işletmesinin rakip firmalara geçen 1145 müşterisine ait ses, veri ve katma değerliservilerle alakalı kullanım bilgileri TOPSIS yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen TOPSIS skorları işletme kârlılığına katkı sağlayan en değerli müşterileri tespit etmek amacıyla, k-medoids (k-ortaylar)kümeleme algoritması kullanılarak dört segmente ayrılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, dört segmenteayrılan müşterilerden üçüncü segmentte yer alan toplam 37 müşteri altın müşteri olarak tespit edilmiş ve geri kazanma faaliyetlerine bu müşterilerden başlanması gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır.
Companion Animals in Childhood and Emerging Adulthood: The Relation to Emerging Adult Development
Authors: Siebenbruner Jessica 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to gain additional understanding of the developmental significance of companion animals for human development. Participants were 202 undergraduate students at a public university. Companion animal ownership, bonding (i.e., high and low reported bonding), and affection (i.e., high and low reported affection) in childhood and emerging adulthood were explored in relation to psychosocial functioning during emerging adulthood (i.e., empathy, autonomy, self-esteem, helping disposition, loneliness, and social anxiety). The majority of participants reported having companion animals during childhood, and to a slightly lesser degree, during emerging adulthood, with a dog overwhelmingly being the most important companion animal. Companion animal ownership and type of companion animal were not associated with psychosocial functioning. However, companion animal bond during childhood and companion animal affection during emerging adulthood were associated with emerging adult psychosocial functioning.
Nonparametric Methodology to Estimate Precipitating Ice from Multiple-Frequency Radar Reflectivity Observations
Authors: Grecu Mircea , Tian Lin , Heymsfield Gerald M. , Tokay Ali , Olson William S. , Heymsfield Andrew J. , Bansemer Aaron 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this study, a nonparametric method to estimate precipitating ice from multiple-frequency radar observations is investigated. The method does not require any assumptions regarding the distribution of ice particle sizes and relies on an efficient search procedure to incorporate information from observed particle size distributions (PSDs) in the estimation process. Similar to other approaches rooted in optimal-estimation theory, the nonparametric method is robust in the presence of noise in observations and uncertainties in the forward models. Over 200 000 PSDs derived from in situ observations collected during the Olympic Mountains Experiment (OLYMPEX) and Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEX) field campaigns are used in the development and evaluation of the nonparametric estimation method. These PSDs are used to create a database of ice-related variables and associated computed radar reflectivity factors at the Ku, Ka, and W bands. The computed reflectivity factors are used to derive precipitating ice estimates and investigate the associated errors and uncertainties. The method is applied to triple-frequency radar observations collected during OLYMPEX and IPHEX. Direct comparisons of estimated ice variables with estimates from in situ instruments show results consistent with the error analysis. Global application of the method requires an extension of the supporting PSD database, which can be achieved through the processing of information from additional past and future field campaigns.
Observed Features of Langmuir Turbulence Forced by Misaligned Wind and Waves under Destabilizing Buoyancy Flux
Authors: Yoshikawa Yutaka , Baba Yasuyuki , Mizutani Hideaki , Kubo Teruhiro , Shimoda Chikara 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSeveral features of Langmuir turbulence remain unquantified despite its potentially large impacts on ocean surface mixing. For example, its vertical velocity variance, expected to be proportional to based on numerical simulations, was proportional to in recent field observations, where is the friction velocity and is surface Stokes velocity. To investigate unquantified features of Langmuir turbulence, we conducted a field experiment around a marine observation tower in a shallow sea off the southern coast of Japan in early winter when winds and waves (often swells) were often misaligned. Coherent structures similar to Langmuir cells were successfully identified in the horizontal and vertical structures of turbulent flows measured with upward- and horizontally looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs). ADCPs and several anemometers attached at the tower showed that turbulent vertical velocity variance was large when the Langmuir number and Hoenikker number (; where B is surface buoyancy flux and H is the water depth) were both small and that the orientation of the cells was generally aligned in the direction of Lagrangian current shear. These results agree well with the previous numerical results. As in the previous observations, however, the vertical velocity variance appeared to be proportional to . In our experiment, this curious feature was explained by compensatory effects between waves and convection. Misaligned wind with waves also seems to characterize the observed Langmuir turbulence, though further quantitative analysis is required to confirm this result.
The Effects of Orography on the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones: A Case Study of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008)
Authors: Lentink Hilke S. , Grams Christian M. , Riemer Michael , Jones Sarah C. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Extratropical transition (ET) can cause high-impact weather in midlatitude regions and therefore constitutes an ongoing threat at the end of a tropical cyclone’s (TC) life cycle. Most of the ET events occur over the ocean, but some TCs recurve and undergo ET along coastal regions; however, the latter category is less investigated. Typhoon Sinlaku (2008), for example, underwent ET along the southern coast of Japan. It was one of the typhoons that occurred during the T-PARC field campaign, providing unprecedented high-resolution observational data. Sinlaku is therefore an excellent case to investigate the impact of a coastal region, and in particular orography, on the evolution of ET. Here, observations from T-PARC are employed to verify high-resolution simulations of Sinlaku. In addition, a sensitivity simulation is performed with the orography of Japan removed. The presence of orography causes blocking of low-level, cool midlatitude air north of Japan. Without this inflow of cool air, ET is delayed. Only once Sinlaku moves away from the orographic barrier does the cool, dry environmental air penetrate equatorward, and ET continues. On a local scale, evaporatively cooled air from below Sinlaku’s asymmetric precipitation field could be advected toward the cyclone center when orography was favorable for it. Changes in the vortex structure, as known from mature TCs interacting with orography, were only minor due to the high translation speed during ET. This study corroborates that orography can impact ET by modulating both the synoptic-scale environmental conditions and the mesoscale cyclone structure during ET.
Case formulation in persistent pain in children and adolescents: The application of the nonlinear dynamic systems perspective
Authors: Sinclair Cate , Meredith Pamela , Strong Jenny 
Published: October 2018

Statement of context Recent empirical evidence demonstrates both insecure attachment and atypical sensory modulation patterns are associated with impaired function for children/adolescents with persistent pain. An integrating framework is required to translate this knowledge into clinical practice. Critical reflection on practice Case studies demonstrate how the nonlinear dynamic systems perspective can assist occupational therapists to (1) understand how sensory modulation and attachment systems contribute to pain, distress, and functioning for children/adolescents with persistent pain, and (2) identify processes supporting adaptive occupational patterns. Implications for practice Application of nonlinear dynamic systems theory can inform clinical formulation for children/adolescents with persistent pain.