bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological and dietary differences between Ugandan chimpanzee communities with possible implications on tool use
Authors: Berger Iris , Hobaiter Catherine , Bell Matthew , De Moor Delphine , Gruber Thibaud 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTSome East African chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) communities, such as the Sonso chimpanzees, display an unusually limited range of tool-use, but it remains unclear whether this is due to ecological and/or cultural factors. Information on ecological conditions and the diet of the Sonso chimpanzees in relation to neighbouring communities is needed. Here, we studied three adjacent communities in Budongo Forest (Sonso, Waibira, and Kamira), and the presumed core area of an undescribed community (Mwera), in the neighbouring Bugoma Forest. Through line-transects, we investigated (i) whether there were differences in food diversity and abundance between the communities’ home ranges; (ii) whether the home ranges differed in abundance of sticks and insect nests; and (iii) whether Sonso and Mwera chimpanzees differed in their diet (using faecal samples). Across communities, Sonso had the richest food availability and the lowest insect nest abundance. However, food availability in Mwera, Bugoma, was richer than Budongo communities that neighbour the Sonso territory, suggesting that there may be variation within Budongo. Data from faecal samples replicated our direct observations of food availability suggesting that Sonso chimpanzees had a broader diet than Mwera chimpanzees. This difference in foods availability may partially explain the Sonso chimpanzees’ lack of stick-tool-use, and low levels of insectivory. The tool repertoire of the other communities is currently unknown; however, we make predictions based on our ecological data. More detailed knowledge of small-scale variation in ecology within and between forest habitats may be important to advancing our understanding of the drivers of tool-use.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT – HIGHLIGHTED STUDENT PAPERTo advance our knowledge of the role of ecological factors in the emergence of tool use in chimpanzees, a nuanced understanding of the ecological conditions different chimpanzee communities experience is needed. We studied four Ugandan chimpanzee communities in two forests. One of these communities, Sonso, in the Budongo Forest, is well-known for its restricted range of tool types, including a total absence of stick use. Food diversity and abundance were highest, and stick tool use opportunities (abundance of sticks and insect nests) were lowest for the core-habitat of the Sonso chimpanzees in contrast to the other communities. We argue that ecological factors play a role in their unusual pattern of tool use, and make predictions about the expected types of tool use in the other communities based on their ecology. Thus, our study provides information that may help advance our understanding of how tool use arises under varied socioecological circumstances.
Long non-coding RNA GAS5 acts as proliferation “brakes” in CD133+ cells responsible for tumor recurrence
Authors: Sharma Nikita S , Gnamlin Prisca , Durden Brittany , Gupta Vineet K , Kesh Kousik , Garrido Vanessa T , Hadad Roey , Dudeja Vikas , Saluja Ashok , Banerjee Sulagna 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPresence of quiescent, therapy evasive population often described as cancer stem cells (CSC) or tumor initiating cells (TIC) is often attributed to extreme metastasis and tumor recurrence. This population is typically enriched in a tumor as a result of microenvironment or chemotherapy induced stress. The TIC population adapts to this stress by turning on cell cycle arrest programs that is a “fail-safe” mechanism to prevent expansion of malignant cells to prevent further injury. Upon removal of the “stress” conditions, these cells restart their cell cycle and regain their proliferative nature thereby resulting in tumor relapse. Growth Arrest Specific 5 (GAS5) is a long-noncoding RNA that plays a vital role in this process. In pancreatic cancer, CD133+ population is a typical representation of the TIC population that is responsible for tumor relapse. In this study, we show for the first time that emergence of CD133+ population coincides with upregulation of GAS5, that reprograms the cell cycle to slow proliferation by inhibiting GR mediated cell cycle control. The CD133+ population further routed metabolites like glucose to shunt pathways like pentose phosphate pathway, that were predominantly biosynthetic in spite of being quiescent in nature but did not use it immediately for nucleic acid synthesis. Upon inhibiting GAS5, these cells were released from their growth arrest and restarted the nucleic acid synthesis and proliferation. Our study thus showed that GAS5 acts as a molecular switch for regulating quiescence and growth arrest in CD133+ population, that is responsible for aggressive biology of pancreatic tumors.
Strength of species interactions determines biodiversity and stability in microbial communities
Authors: Ratzke Christoph , Barrere Julien , Gore Jeff 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOrganisms – especially microbes – tend to live in complex communities. While some of these ecosystems are very bio-diverse, others aren’t1–3, and while some are very stable over time others undergo strong temporal fluctuations4,5. Despite a long history of research and a plethora of data it is not fully understood what sets biodiversity and stability of ecosystems6,7. Theory as well as experiments suggest a connection between species interaction, biodiversity, and stability of ecosystems8–13, where an increase of ecosystem stability with biodiversity could be observed in several cases7,9,14. However, what causes these connections remains unclear. Here we show in microbial ecosystems in the lab that the concentrations of available nutrients can set the strength of interactions between bacteria. At high nutrient concentrations, extensive microbial growth leads to strong chemical modifications of the environment, causing more negative interactions between species. These stronger interactions exclude more species from the community – resulting in a loss of biodiversity. At the same time, these stronger interactions also decrease the stability of the microbial communities, providing a mechanistic link between species interaction, biodiversity and stability.
Interferometric Fluorescent Cross Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Saha Ipsita , Saffarian Saveez 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present a method utilizing single photon interference and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to simultaneously measure transport of fluorescent molecules within aqueous samples. Our method, within seconds, measures transport in thousands of homogenous voxels (100 nm)3 and eliminates photo-physical artifacts associated with blinking of fluorescent molecules. A comprehensive theoretical framework is presented and validated by measuring transport of quantum dots, associated with VSV-G receptor along cellular membranes as well as within viscous gels.
Apolipoprotein L9 interacts with LC3/GABARAP and is a microtubule-associated protein with a widespread subcellular distribution
Authors: Thekkinghat Arvind A. , Yadav Kamlesh K. , Rangarajan Pundi N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMouse Apolipoprotein L9 is a 34-kDa phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-binding protein. The gene is present only in mouse and rat genomes; hence it is taxonomically restricted. To understand why, it is essential to uncover details about its functions in cellular processes. Here we show that ApoL9 interacts with the proteins of the LC3 and GABARAP subfamilies, which are key players in macroautophagy. In amino-acid starved cells it preferentially interacts with lipidated LC3B, likely by binding to its PE moiety. On treatment with autophagy inhibitors bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine, ApoL9 is found near swollen mitochondria and on lysosomes/LAMP1-positive compartments. However, ApoL9 itself does not seem to be degraded as a result of autophagy, suggesting that it is not an autophagy cargo receptor. Deletions in a putative transmembrane region between amino acids 110 and 145 abolish PE-binding. In addition, ApoL9 can redistribute to stress granules, can homooligomerize, and is a microtubule-associated protein. In short, its distribution in the cell is quite widespread, suggesting that it could have functions at the intersection of membrane binding and reorganization, autophagy, cellular stress and intracellular lipid transport.Summary statementThis article is about how Apolipoprotein L9, a lipid-binding protein, has versatile properties and influences a variety of processes taking place inside an animal cell.
The endonuclease Cue2 cleaves mRNAs at stalled ribosomes during No Go Decay
Authors: D’Orazio Karole N. , Wu Colin Chih-Chien , Sinha Niladri , Loll-Krippleber Raphael , Brown Grant W. , Green Rachel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTranslation of problematic sequences in mRNAs leads to ribosome collisions that trigger a sequence of quality control events including ribosome rescue, degradation of the stalled nascent polypeptide via the Ribosome-mediated Quality control Complex (RQC), and targeting of the mRNA for decay (No Go Decay or NGD). Previous studies provide strong evidence for the existence of an endonuclease involved in the process of NGD though the identity of the endonuclease and the extent to which it contributes to mRNA decay remain unknown. Using a reverse genetic screen in yeast, we identify Cue2 as the conserved endonuclease that is recruited to stalled ribosomes to promote NGD. Ribosome profiling and biochemistry provide strong evidence that Cue2 cleaves mRNA within the A site of the colliding ribosome. Finally, we show that NGD primarily proceeds via Xrn1-mediated exonucleolytic decay. Cue2-mediated endonucleolytic decay normally constitutes a secondary decay pathway, but becomes a major contributor in cells depleted of factors required for the resolution of stalled ribosome complexes (the RQT factors including Slh1). Together these results provide insights into how multiple decay processes converge to process problematic mRNAs in eukaryotic cells.One Sentence SummaryCue2 is the endonuclease that cleaves mRNA at ribosome stall sites.
E2F1 Drives Breast Cancer Metastasis by Regulating the Target Gene FGF13 and Altering Cell Migration
Authors: Hollern Daniel P. , Swiatnicki Matthew R. , Rennhack Jonathan P. , Misek Sean A. , Matson Brooke C. , McAuliff Andrew , Gallo Kathleen A. , Caron Kathleen M. , Andrechek Eran R. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIn prior work we demonstrated that loss of E2F transcription factors inhibits metastasis. Here we address the mechanisms for this phenotype and identify the E2F regulated genes that coordinate tumor cell metastasis. Transcriptomic profiling of E2F1 knockout tumors identified a role for E2F1 as a master regulator of a suite of pro-metastatic genes, but also uncovered E2F1 target genes with an unknown role in pulmonary metastasis. High expression of one of these genes, Fgf13, is associated with early human breast cancer metastasis in a clinical dataset. Together these data led to the hypothesis that Fgf13 is critical for breast cancer metastasis, and that upregulation of Fgf13 may partially explain how E2F1 promotes breast cancer metastasis. To test this hypothesis we ablated Fgf13 via CRISPR. Deletion of Fgf13 in a MMTV-PyMT breast cancer cell line reduces the frequency of pulmonary metastasis. In addition, loss of Fgf13 reducedin vitrocell migration, suggesting that Fgf13 may be critical for tumor cells to invade out of and escape the primary tumor. The significance of this work is twofold: we have both uncovered genomic features by which E2F1 regulates metastasis and we have identified new pro-metastatic functions for the E2F1 target gene Fgf13.
A mesoderm-independent role for Nodal signaling in convergence & extension gastrulation movements
Authors: Williams Margot L.K. , Solnica-Krezel Lilianna 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTDuring embryogenesis, the distinct morphogenetic cell behavior programs that shape tissues are influenced both by the fate of cells and their position with respect to the embryonic axes, making embryonic patterning a prerequisite for morphogenesis. These two essential processes must therefore be coordinated in space and time to ensure proper development, but mechanisms by which patterning information is translated to the cellular machinery that drives morphogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we address the role of Nodal morphogen signaling at the intersection of cell fate specification, patterning, and anteroposterior (AP) axis extension in zebrafish gastrulae and embryonic explants. AP axis extension is impaired in Nodal-deficient embryos, but it is unclear whether this defect is strictly secondary to their severe mesendoderm deficiencies or also results from loss of Nodal signalingper se. We find that convergence & extension (C&E) gastrulation movements and underlying mediolateral (ML) cell polarization are reduced in the neuroectoderm of Nodal-deficient mutants and exacerbated by simultaneous disruption of Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) signaling, demonstrating at least partially parallel functions of Nodal and PCP. ML polarity of mutant neuroectoderm cells is not fully restored upon transplantation into wild-type gastrulae, demonstrating a cell autonomous, mesoderm-independent role for Nodal in neural cell polarization. This is further demonstrated by the ability of Nodal ligands to promote neuroectoderm-driven C&E of naïve blastoderm explants in a tissue-autonomous fashion. Finally, temporal manipulation of signaling reveals that Nodal contributes to neural C&E in explants after mesoderm is specified and promotes C&E even in the absence of mesoderm. Together these results reveal a mesoderm-independent, cell-autonomous role for Nodal signaling in neural C&E that may cooperate with previously-described mesoderm-dependent mechanisms to drive AP embryonic axis extension.
Edem1 activity in the fat body regulates insulin signalling and metabolic homeostasis in Drosophila
Authors: Pathak Himani , Varghese Jishy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn Drosophila, nutrient status is sensed by the fat body, a functional homolog of mammalian liver and white adipocytes. The fat body conveys nutrient information to insulin-producing cells (IPCs) through humoral factors which regulate Drosophila insulin-like peptide (DILP) levels and insulin signalling. Insulin signalling has pleiotropic functions, which include the management of growth and metabolic pathways. Here, we report that Edem1 (endoplasmic reticulum degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like protein 1), an endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein involved in protein quality control, acts in the fat body to regulate insulin signalling and thereby the metabolic status in Drosophila. Edem1 limits the fat body derived Drosophila TNFα Eiger activity on IPCs and maintains systemic insulin signalling in fed conditions. During food deprivation, edem1 gene expression levels drop, which aids in the reduction of systemic insulin signalling crucial for survival. Overall we demonstrate that Edem1 plays a vital role in helping the organism to endure a fluctuating nutrient environment by managing insulin signalling and metabolic homeostasis.
Embedding to Reference t-SNE Space Addresses Batch Effects in Single-Cell Classification
Authors: Poličar Pavlin G. , Stražar Martin , Zupan Blaž 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDimensionality reduction techniques, such as t-SNE, can construct informative visualizations of high-dimensional data. When working with multiple data sets, a straightforward application of these methods often fails; instead of revealing underlying classes, the resulting visualizations expose data set-specific clusters. To circumvent these batch effects, we propose an embedding procedure that takes a t-SNE visualization constructed on a reference data set and uses it as a scaffold for embedding new data. The new, secondary data is embedded one data-point at the time. This prevents any interactions between instances in the secondary data and implicitly mitigates batch effects. We demonstrate the utility of this approach with an analysis of six recently published single-cell gene expression data sets containing up to tens of thousands of cells and thousands of genes. In these data sets, the batch effects are particularly strong as the data comes from different institutions and was obtained using different experimental protocols. The visualizations constructed by our proposed approach are cleared of batch effects, and the cells from secondary data sets correctly co-cluster with cells from the primary data sharing the same cell type.
Sub-sector branding and nation branding: the case of higher education
Authors: Sataøen Hogne Lerøy 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThis paper concerns public sub-sector branding within the higher education (HE) system. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how public sub-sector branding within HE is organized and how it is influenced by the use of national values, traits and characteristics.Design/methodology/approachThe study relies on two data sources: first, the paper benefits from a data set of one-stop web-portals for HE from the 23 countries listed inTimes Higher Education’s top-60 universities ranking. Second, it builds on a sample and brief overview of Norway’s sub-sector branding of its HE sector.FindingsExpert authorities within the HE sector are legally and organizationally responsible for sub-sector branding, and they establish coordinated and coherent web-portals. In practice, however, nation-branding concerns are influencing on how the HE sub-sector is branded. The paper concludes with a discussion of democratic implications, and points to paradoxes arising from the use of national clichés and characteristics in this highly international sub-sector of the public realm.Originality/valueThe paper informs discussions about public sub-sector branding within HE, a phenomenon that thus far has not been systematically studied. The practical applications of such a study are evident, as branding is becoming more important in the public sector in general, and in HE in particular.
Building a modern economic system: basic framework, key issues, and theoretical innovation
Authors: Liu Zhibiao 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The construction of a modern economic system is a symbolic and strategic choice for large developing economies on the path toward high-quality economic development. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
The overall framework aims to adhere to “One Policy and One Mainline” to build an innovation-driven, synergistic industrial system and a “with three-qualities” economic system (with efficient market mechanisms, energetic micro-agents and appropriate macroeconomic regulation).

Findings
The strengthening of the real economy and construction of a modern industrial system constitute the material basis for supporting this system and framework. As major decision making and theoretical innovation in empirical practice, building a modern economic system can also contribute substantially toward developing the applied economic theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Originality/value
Building a modern economic system in China necessitates, without exception, the construction of various subsystems encompassing industrial, market, distribution, regional development, green development, open and economic institutional aspects.
Aligning our work to the world we all want – why conscious sustainability makes good business sense?
Authors: Wilson Clive 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to raise the awareness of business leaders to the opportunity presented by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Design/methodology/approach
The paper provides a brief account of the author’s experience of running workshops which engaged thousands of people from age 7 to well over 70 across three continents. It also points the reader in the direction of several case studies, suggesting that alignment to the global agenda makes business sense.

Findings
The first finding is that most people want the same world to be passed to future generations. Second, this world is consistent with the one described by the SDGs. Third, businesses are discovering that alignment to this vision makes good business sense.

Practical implications
There is significant opportunity for business leaders to consider the world we live in and align their strategies to the global agenda.

Social implications
Failure to deliver the SDGs will cause significant disruption to or even collapse of society as we know it. Getting business involved is good for the future of humanity and the world we inhabit.

Originality/value
There are many papers on the SDGs but, to the best of the author’s knowledge, none make the link between the SDGs and the world most people want for future generations. This factor alone should be enough to inspire business leaders to take note.
Knowledge hiding in organizations: everything that managers need to know
Authors: Anand Payal , Hassan Yusuf 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Though there have been umpteen discussions on knowledge sharing in organizations, there is a dearth of discussion on knowledge hiding acts, especially in learning organizations. The purpose of this paper is to introduce this novel construct “knowledge hiding” and to highlight its relevant aspects crucial to organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper reviews published articles on knowledge hiding and proposes four broad categories to distinguish the causes of knowledge hiding. This paper further suggests substantial measures that managers need to emphasize for dealing with the dimensions that influence knowledge hiding acts, to alleviate or mitigate the causes behind knowledge hiding acts at the workplace.

Findings
This paper identifies the causes of knowledge hiding behaviors and segregates these causes under four broad categories, i.e. person-related, job-related, coworkers-related, and organization-related causes.

Originality/value
This paper provides valuable information on knowledge hiding acts in the workplace to the practitioners in a simplified structure, along with some practical remedies to manage such acts.
Collaborative knowledge management for corporate ecological responsibility
Authors: Guo Weiwei 
Published: June 2019

PurposeKnowledge has become the basis of enhancing the core competitiveness of enterprises in this era of knowledge-driven economies. Collaborative knowledge management not only realizes the real-time exchange and communication of knowledge among different enterprises, but also facilitates the collaboration and integration of knowledge. Collaborative knowledge management has been successfully applied to different fields. To address the poor ecological responsibility of enterprises, the purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of collaborative knowledge management in this research to determine if the evolution of the decision-making process in collaborative knowledge management is involved in corporate ecological responsibility (CER).Design/methodology/approachThis research established an evolutionary game model of collaborative knowledge management for CER. The behavioral, evolutionary law and stable behavioral, evolutionary strategy of the participants was identified according to the replicator dynamics equation. Simulation analysis was conducted using MATLAB software.FindingsResearch results demonstrated that, first, the strategic selection of firms is influenced by cost and interest coefficients. Second, the strategy, selection of enterprises, is related to the common benefits of enterprise cooperation. Third, during the systematic evolution and stabilization of strategies, enterprises adopt the same knowledge strategies.Originality/valueOn the basis of the research findings, policy suggestions were proposed to encourage enterprises to implement collaborative knowledge management strategies in ecological responsibility.