bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions targeting long-distance truck drivers: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of global evidence
Authors: Mutie Cyrus , Otieno Berrick , Kithuci Kawira , Gachohi John , Mbuthia Grace 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionGlobally, long-distance truck drivers’ (LDTDs) risk of exposure to HIV infections is higher compared with other populations in transit. Thus, several HIV prevention interventions have been implemented, though to a narrower extent compared with other most at-risk populations. Consequently, the effectiveness of such interventions is not well understood. Therefore, a review is warranted to inform policymakers on the most effective HIV prevention interventions targeted for LDTDs.Methods and analysisThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines were followed. Original peer-reviewed interventional studies involving LDTDs of either gender aged above 18 years, and reporting findings on HIV prevention interventions from any part of the world will be included. Non-empirical research studies like systematic reviews, literature reviews and scoping reviews will be excluded. A comprehensive search will be done from PubMed, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and other five databases to identify eligible studies. The Rayyan online platform will be used for the screening of titles and abstracts. For the meta-analysis, a random-effects meta-analysis using the ‘metafor’ package in R software will be done. Where specific studies may not report adequate data for meta-analysis, their findings will be presented qualitatively. The Cochrane Collaboration tool and Joanna Brigs Checklist will be used to assess the quality and risk of bias in the included studies.Ethics and disseminationA formal ethical approval is not required for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The findings will be presented at scientific conferences and published in open-access peer-reviewed journals to reach policymakers, stakeholders and the scientific community.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024505542.
Study protocol of the planetary health action survey PACE: a serial cross-sectional survey to assess the readiness to act against climate change
Authors: Lehrer Lena , Geiger Mattis , Sprengholz Philipp , Jenny Mirjam , Temme Hellen L , Shamsrizi Parichehr , Eitze Sarah , Betsch Cornelia 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionClimate change is a paramount global health threat with multifaceted implications. Societal change is required to mitigate the negative effects of climate change, as well as help people adapt to the associated health risks. This requires situation-specific, large-scale data to help scientists and policymakers understand public perceptions and behaviours and identify the levers to increase public readiness to act against climate change and protect health. The Planetary Health Action Survey (PACE) assesses this readiness to act as a regular monitoring of representative samples in Germany. The ongoing monitoring seeks to develop and refine an integrated conceptual model of the trait-like readiness to act, comprising policy acceptance, political participation and individual behaviours as indicators of the trait. It also proposes as set of determinants to explain different levels of readiness to act. This study protocol provides newly developed valid measurement instruments and the methodological details of the monitoring.Method and analysisPACE assesses indicators of the readiness to act and a set of sociocognitive factors predicting the readiness to act in continuous cross-sectional data collections. The latter comprise climate change knowledge, trust in institutions, perceived health risks, self-efficacy, social norms and perceived effectiveness of policy measures. The online questionnaire is updated regularly. Data collection involves non-probabilistic quota samples from Germany (n≈1000 at each collection).Ethics and disseminationThe project adheres to the ethical guidelines of the University of Erfurt and the German Research Foundation. Ethical clearance was granted by the University’s Institutional Review Board (No #20220525/No #2024-01). Participants are guaranteed confidentiality and anonymity, and informed consent is obtained before participation. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals. Additionally, we aim to inform and empower the public and support stakeholders (media, policymakers, climate protection organisations) in preparing climate communication and assisting policymakers through the project website including an interactive tool, detailed reports and short summaries for practitioners.
Effects of Baduanjin exercise on cancer-related fatigue in patients with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy in Shanghai, China: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wang Yihang , Qin Yuan , Xu Xiruo , Li Yali , Zhu Xuanying , Yang Guangpu , Xu Yifei , Yao Fei , Guo Guangxin 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionCancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common and painful symptoms in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Moreover, PCa patients who receive the androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are more likely to develop CRF. Baduanjin exercise has been shown to improve CRF in some cancers. However, such effects have not been verified in patients with PCa treated with the ADT. So, this study was designed as a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to explore the effects of Baduanjin exercise on CRF in PCa patients treated with the ADT.Methods and analysisThis study will be a single-centre, assessor and statistician blinded, RCT consisting of a 12 week intervention and 12 week follow-up. Patients with PCa who meet the inclusion criteria will be recruited from Shanghai Hudong Hospital. Participants will be randomly assigned to Baduanjin exercise group (n=42) and the control group (n=42), performing 12 weeks of Baduanjin exercise or reeiving the standard care. The primary outcome will be the clinical effect of Baduanjin exercise on CRF in PCa patients, which will be measured using the Piper Fatigue Self-Assessment (PFS) scale, a multidimensional measure of CRF using three different dimensions: somatic, emotional and cognitive. The secondary outcome will be the clinical effect of the Baduanjin exercise on the patient’s level of fatigue, sleep, depression and life quality at the time, which will be assessed by the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P).Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by Shanghai Hudong Hospital Ethics Committee, Shanghai province (2022 SHHDKY08). The trial results will be submitted to conferences and peer-reviewed journals.Trail registration numberChiCTR2300074293
“Whenever I help her, I am also expecting her vagina in return”: a qualitative analysis to explore men’s and adolescent girls’ perceptions of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sexual behaviour and health of adolescent girls in rural western Kenya
Authors: Awiti Enid , Young Sophie , Zulaika Garazi , Otieno Fredrick Odhiambo , Nyothach Elizabeth , Phillips-Howard Penelope A , Mehta Supriya D , Mason Linda 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic caused school closures, which intensified the negative sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), including increases in transactional sexual partnerships, gender-based violence, risk of early pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We conducted a qualitative study to understand how adolescent girls experienced and reacted to the pandemic restrictions and perceived consequences on their schooling and sexual behaviours. In parallel, we sought community men’s perceptions and opinions on the same issues.MethodsSet in rural western Kenya, the study used six focus group discussions with adolescent girls and five with community males aged 19–41 years, conducted from June 2022 to January 2023.ResultsThematic analysis identified three key themes, parallel in girls and men: (1)impacts of COVID-19 on schooling: girls reported uncertainty around ever returning to education, consequently losing motivation to study, which was also observed by men; (2)drivers that increased sexual activity: transactional sex became a greater necessity due to acute poverty, while opportunity escalated through additional leisure time and (3)sexual behaviours and practices: girls increased the number of partners and frequency of sexual encounters, with power-imbalances reported. Men believed they were assisting girls through transactional sex but this was often conditional on receiving sex in return, viewing themselves as victims of girls’ seductive advances, and blaming girls for transmitting STIs.ConclusionSchool closure jeopardised girls’ SRH through acute poverty and increased opportunity for sexual exposure. Mitigation methods are needed now to prevent girls bearing the brunt of ensuing societal disruption and acute poverty in future catastrophes. Deeper understanding of men’s attitudes and behaviours towards adolescent girls are needed to improve the foundation for working with them to reduce power imbalance and compulsion in sexual interactions with adolescent girls.
Relationship between diabetes-related clinical characteristics and preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm): findings from NHANES 2007–2012
Authors: Tang Xingyao , Huang Ke , Chu Xu , Peng Yaodie , Huang Tingting , Cui Yanan , Yang Ting , Wang Chen 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionTo analyse the relationship between diabetes, its severity (including blood glucose levels, disease duration, antidiabetic drug use and number of comorbidities) and preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsThis cross-sectional study collected data from the NHANES database from 2007 to 2012. PRISm was defined as having a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio ≥0.7 and an FEV1 predicted value <80%. We examined the relationship between diabetes duration, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), log-transformed homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, C reactive protein and the number of comorbidities with PRISm in the entire population. We analysed the relationship between antidiabetic drug use and PRISm, specifically in the diabetes population. Logistic regression models were used, and results were reported as OR.ResultsA total of 5783 participants with normal spirometry or PRISm were included in the analysis. Diabetes was associated with 2.19 times higher odds of PRISm compared with non-diabetic participants. Longer disease duration increased PRISm odds by 2% per year. Each 1-unit increase in HbA1c and each 10 mg/dL increase in FPG were associated with 24% and 6% higher odds of PRISm, respectively. No relationship was found between insulin resistance and PRISm after adjusting for covariates. An increase of 1 mg/dL in CRP was associated with 18% higher odds of PRISm. A higher number of diabetes-related comorbidities was strongly associated with PRISm. No significant relationship was found between antidiabetic drug use and PRISm.ConclusionsSevere diabetes status, such as higher blood glucose levels, longer disease duration and a greater number of comorbidities, is associated with an increased risk of PRISm. Effective blood glucose control, self-management and regular monitoring of lung function are crucial for diabetes management.
Design and validation of Iranian Child Health-Friendly Neighbourhood checklist: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Akhbari Parisa , Keshavarz Mohammadi Nastaran , Zayeri Farid , Ramezankhani Ali , Hakimian Pantea , Sahamkhadam Nasrin 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundA child health-friendly neighbourhood is defined as a neighbourhood where the child’s health is provided, protected and promoted. Designing and validation of an assessment tool is required to identify the deficits and strengths of neighbourhoods within the context of each country. This study aimed to design and validate a child health-friendly neighbourhood assessment tool in Tehran.MethodsA mixed-methods approach using semistructured interviews with 31 participants (15 mothers of children under 6 years old and 16 experts) conducted in Tehran between 2021 and 2022. Face validity, content validity and reliability of the checklist were calculated. Highly influenced by the Child Friendly City framework, designing and validation of the checklist was carried out through three phases: (a) identifying the child health-friendly neighbourhood domains and subdomains, (b) drafting the Iranian Child Health-Friendly Neighbourhood checklist and (c) validation of the designed checklist.ResultsFollowing three phases of study, the final version of the checklist consisted of six dimensions, namely green space and park, recreational centre, passage and street, healthcare centre, cultural centre and kindergarten. Each dimension encompassed five domains of facilities and services, accessibility, security, safety and aesthetics and view, with 42 indicators, 77 subindicators and 273 items.ConclusionsThe child health-friendly neighbourhood checklist has a more health focus on neighbourhood level and is more contextually specific, relevant and appropriate compared with UNICEF’s Child Friendly City framework. It also showed acceptable validity and reliability; therefore, the checklist could be a feasible tool to assess child health-friendly neighbourhoods.
Original salivary sex hormone data of naturally menstruating athletes and hormonal contraceptive users
Authors: Lafitte Alice , Dupuit Marine , Chassard Tom , Barlier Kilian , Badier Nolwenn , Duclos Martine , Toussaint Jean-François , Antero Juliana da Silva 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesThere is a lack of data on salivary sex hormones across the menstrual cycle (MC) or hormonal contraceptive (HC) cycle of elite athletes. We aimed to provide original data on salivary sex hormones (17β-estradiol, progesterone and free testosterone) in naturally menstruating female athletes with a regular cycle or irregular cycle and using combined HC. A secondary purpose was to compare these data with published data from the general population according to the menstrual status (MC or HC or irregularly menstruating).Methods367 saliva tests were performed on 44 elite athletes during 6 months of follow-up to certify for cycle regularity. Athletes were grouped into regular MC, n=13; irregular MC, n=5; and HC, n=26. We compared salivary data of regular MC across six cycle phases (menses, mid-follicular, late follicular, early luteal, mid-luteal and late luteal phases) with published data from women with a similar MC or HC status from the general population.ResultsWe provided salivary original data according to six sub-phases among elite athletes with regular MC. HC athletes showed lower salivary sex hormonal levels, markedly after the first week of active HC compared with regular MC. Athletes with irregular cycles do not show a progesterone rise from the first half to the second half of the cycle (Δirregular=0.38 (1.90), a rise detectable within regular MC group ΔregularMC=2.86 (2.88)).ConclusionsWe provided original data for salivary sex hormone levels in elite female athletes. These references may be valuable for research investigating MC or combined HC data, particularly in longitudinal follow-ups requiring repeated measurements.
Inverse linear association between blood haemoglobin and oxygen saturation accuracy measured by pulse oximetry: a cross-sectional analysis in individuals with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Crooks Colin J , West Joe , Morling Jo R , Simmonds Mark , Juurlink Irene , Briggs Steve , Cruickshank Simon , Hammond-Pears Susan , Shaw Dominick , Card Tim R , Fogarty Andrew W 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundPulse oximetry measures oxygen saturation non-invasively by using differential absorption of infrared signals which are dependent on the oxyhaemoglobin:deoxyhaemoglobin ratio. We tested the hypothesis that pulse oximetry error in measurements of blood oxygen saturations may be associated with blood haemoglobin levels.MethodsThe study design was an observational study of all adult patients admitted to a large teaching hospital with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection from February 2020 to December 2021 who had arterial blood gases (ABG) drawn. The pulse oximetry reading was compared with the arterial saturation on the ABG and the measurement error was determined according to the ABG haemoglobin. A secondary analysis was performed among a subset of patients with venous haemoglobins drawn within 24 hours, comparing measurement error between ABG arterial saturation and pulse oximetry readings between those with normal (150 g/L) and low (70 g/L) haemoglobins.ResultsThe analysis used 5922 paired oxygen saturations from 3994 patients with contemporaneous haemoglobin measurements by ABG. A 1 g/L decrease in blood haemoglobin was associated with an 0.021% (95% CI: +0.008% to +0.033%) increase in the measurement error (in the direction of a falsely elevated reading.). In the 1086 patients who had had a venous haemoglobin there was a 0.055% (95% CI: +0.020% to +0.090%) increase in the measurement error of oxygen saturation per 1 g/L decrease in blood haemoglobin. The measurement error was thus greater in those with anaemia than in those with normal haemoglobin.ConclusionAs blood haemoglobin decreases, the oxygen saturation measurement derived from a pulse oximeter reads erroneously higher than the true value measured by ABG. While this study was confined to patients with COVID-19, physicians should be aware of this potential discrepancy among all patients with haemorrhage or known anaemia
Wish to die trying to live: unwise or incapacitous? The case of University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust versus ‘ST’
Authors: Wellesley Johnna , Wilkinson Dominic , Moore Bryanna 
Published: November 2024

The recent legal dispute about medical treatment for a 19-year-old patient, Sudiksha Thirumalesh, (known initially by the Court of Protection as ‘ST’) in A NHS Trust versus ST & Ors (2023) raised several challenging ethical issues. While Sudiksha’s case bears similarities to other high-profile cases in England and Wales, there are key differences. Crucially, Sudiksha herself was part of the disagreement. She was alert, communicative and sought to advocate for herself. Furthermore, this case was framed in the courts as pivoting not on considerations of best interests but on a determination of decisional capacity. Sudiksha was deemed to lack capacity because she did not believe her doctors’ view of her prognosis.While the legal questions in the case were central to a recent Court of Appeal decision (which overturned the original finding), in this commentary, we focus on the ethical questions therein. We start by describing Sudiksha’s court case and the initial judgment. We then offer an ethical analysis of the relationship between false beliefs, values and the ‘capacity’ to make decisions, arguing for a need for particular care when judging patients to lack capacity based purely on ‘false and fixed beliefs’. After briefly noting the legal basis for the appeal finding, we offer ethical implications for future cases. Although it appears that Sudiksha had decision-making capacity, this did not settle the ethical question of whether health professionals were obliged to continue treatment that they believed to have no prospect of success.
Association of prior tuberculosis with cardiovascular status in perinatally HIV-1-infected adolescents
Authors: Magodoro Itai M , Guerrero-Chalela Carlos Eduardo , Carkeek Emma , Asafu-Agyei Nana Akua , Jele Nomawethu , Frigati Lisa J , Myer Landon , Jao Jennifer , Ntsekhe Mpiko , Wilkinson Katalin A , Wilkinson Robert J , Zar Heather , Ntusi Ntobeko 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundWhether, and how, co-occurring HIV-1 infection (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) impact cardiovascular status, especially in adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (APHIV), have not been examined. We hypothesised that APHIV with previous TB disease have worse cardiac efficiency than APHIV without TB, which is mediated by increased inflammation and disordered cardiometabolism.MethodsAPHIV in Cape Town, South Africa, completed 3T cardiovascular magnetic resonance examination and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride measurement. Ventriculoarterial coupling (VAC) was estimated as the ratio of arterial elastance (Ea) to ventricular end-systolic elastance (Ees). Regression models were applied to estimate cross-sectional associations between Ea/Ees ratio and TB status, with decomposition of these associations into direct and mediated effects of hsCRP, FPG and dyslipidaemia, if any, attempted.ResultsWe enrolled 43 APHIV with prior TB and 23 without TB of mean (SD) age 15.0 (1.5) and 15.4 (1.7) years, respectively. Prior TB was associated with lower Ea/Ees ratio (0.59 (0.56 to 0.64)) than no TB (0.66 (0.62 to 0.70)), which corresponded to an adjusted mean difference −0.06 (−0.12 to 0.01) (p=0.048). However, previous TB was not associated with increased hsCRP, FPG, LDL or triglycerides nor were hsCRP, FPG, LDL and triglycerides associated with Ea/Ees ruling out their mediated effects in the association between TB and cardiac efficiency.ConclusionsPrevious TB in APHIV is associated with comparatively reduced cardiac efficiency, related to altered VAC. The clinical significance of these findings requires further study, including a wider range of biomarkers of specific immune pathways.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between naturally induced IgG, IgM and neutralising antibodies to HPV16 and newly detected cervical HPV16 infection outcomes
Authors: Trevisan Andrea , de Araujo-Souza Patricia S , Pincivy Alix , Niyibizi Joseph , Franco Eduardo L , Trottier Helen 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundIt is unclear whether recurrent cervical human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) infections can be prevented by naturally induced HPV16 antibodies in unvaccinated healthy women.MethodsWe systematically searched the literature for studies that prospectively evaluated the association between HPV16 naturally induced IgG, IgM, and neutralising antibodies and newly detected cervical HPV16 infection in unvaccinated women. Data were quantitatively summarised by random effect meta-analysis.ResultsNaturally induced HPV16 IgG and neutralising antibodies were negatively associated with newly detected HPV16 infection (relative risk (RR) (95% confidence interval (CI))=0.71 (0.63 to 0.80) and 0.54 (0.36 to 0.73), respectively). HPV16 antibodies tend to offer protection against subsequent HPV16 DNA detection in young women (RR (95% CI)=0.65 (0.55 to 0.74)), but not in women aged over 25 years (RR (95% CI)=0.88 (0.73 to 1.04)). HPV16 IgG antibodies were also negatively associated with persistent HPV16 infection (adjusted RR=0.67 (0.56 to 0.78)). There was high heterogeneity between studies (I2statistic=63.9%; p=0.007), and most had low risk of bias. We did not find studies evaluating IgM antibodies.ConclusionSeroreactivity to HPV16 infection seems to provide moderate protection against newly detected cervical HPV16 infection outcomes in unvaccinated women. However, protection seems to be affected by age. These findings should be considered when evaluating public health interventions against HPV.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022339579.