bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered attentional control over the salience network in complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Kim Jungyoon , Kang Ilhyang , Chung Yong-An , Kim Tae-Suk , Namgung Eun , Lee Suji , Oh Jin Kyoung , Jeong Hyeonseok S. , Cho Hanbyul , Kim Myeong Ju , Kim Tammy D. , Choi Soo Hyun , Lim Soo Mee , Lyoo In Kyoon , Yoon Sujung 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe degree and salience of pain have been known to be constantly monitored and modulated by the brain. In the case of maladaptive neural responses as reported in centralized pain conditions such as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), the perception of pain is amplified and remains elevated even without sustained peripheral pain inputs. Given that the attentional state of the brain greatly influences the perception and interpretation of pain, we investigated the role of the attention network and its dynamic interactions with other pain-related networks of the brain in CRPS. We examined alterations in the intra- and inter-network functional connectivities in 21 individuals with CRPS and 49 controls. CRPS-related reduction in intra-network functional connectivity was found in the attention network. Individuals with CRPS had greater inter-network connectivities between the attention and salience networks as compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, individuals within the CRPS group with high levels of pain catastrophizing showed greater inter-network connectivities between the attention and salience networks. Taken together, the current findings suggest that these altered connectivities may be potentially associated with the maladaptive pain coping as found in CRPS patients.
Isolated terawatt attosecond hard X-ray pulse generated from single current spike
Authors: Shim Chi Hyun , Parc Yong Woon , Kumar Sandeep , Ko In Soo , Kim Dong Eon 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIsolated terawatt (TW) attosecond (as) hard X-ray pulse is greatly desired for four-dimensional investigations of natural phenomena with picometer spatial and attosecond temporal resolutions. Since the demand for such sources is continuously increasing, the possibility of generating such pulse by a single current spike without the use of optical or electron delay units in an undulator line is addressed. The conditions of a current spike (width and height) and a modulation laser pulse (wavelength and power) is also discussed. We demonstrate that an isolated TW-level as a hard X-ray can be produced by a properly chosen single current spike in an electron bunch with simulation results. By using realistic specifications of an electron bunch of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free-Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL), we show that an isolated, >1.0 TW and ~36 as X-ray pulse at 12.4 keV can be generated in an optimized-tapered undulator line. This result opens a new vista for current XFEL operation: the attosecond XFEL.
Anticancer activity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of novel anti-nucleolin antibodies
Authors: Romano Sofia , Moura Vera , Simões Sérgio , Moreira João Nuno , Gonçalves João 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNucleolin arises as a relevant target for cancer therapy, as it is overexpressed at the surface of cancer and angiogenic endothelial cells thus enabling a dual cellular targeting strategy. Immunotherapeutic strategies, albeit of proven therapeutic relevance, have been scarcely explored against this target. Therefore, this work aimed at engineering an anti-nucleolin VHH-based antibody capable of triggering anticancer immune responses. Herein, anti-nucleolin VHHs have been generated upon grafting F3 peptide-derived nucleolin-binding sequences onto a VHH CDR1 or CDR3. One of these nucleolin-binding CDR3-grafted VHH was subsequently fused to a human IgG1 Fc region, enabling a significant antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). The generated anti-nucleolin VHH revealed increased binding and antiproliferative effects against cancer cells, relative to the parental VHH, while the VHH-Fc counterpart presented increased cytotoxicity relative to the corresponding VHH. This VHH-Fc also triggered an ADCC effect, in the nanomolar range, against a nucleolin-overexpressing cancer cell line. This effect was evidenced by a 2 or 1.7-fold increase of cell death, in the presence of PBMCs, relative to the parental VHH-Fc or the VHH counterpart, respectively. Overall, these formats represent the first anti-nucleolin VHHs and the first anti-nucleolin antibody with ADCC activity that have been successfully developed.
A DFA-based bivariate regression model for estimating the dependence of PM2.5 among neighbouring cities
Authors: Wang Fang , Wang Lin , Chen Yuming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOn the basis of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), we propose a new bivariate linear regression model. This new model provides estimators of multi-scale regression coefficients to measure the dependence between variables and corresponding variables of interest with multi-scales. Numerical tests are performed to illustrate that the proposed DFA-bsaed regression estimators are capable of accurately depicting the dependence between the variables of interest and can be used to identify different dependence at different time scales. We apply this model to analyze the PM2.5 series of three adjacent cities (Beijing, Tianjin, and Baoding) in Northern China. The estimated regression coefficients confirmed the dependence of PM2.5 among the three cities and illustrated that each city has different influence on the others at different seasons and at different time scales. Two statistics based on the scale-dependent t-statistic and the partial detrended cross-correlation coefficient are used to demonstrate the significance of the dependence. Three new scale-dependent evaluation indices show that the new DFA-based bivariate regression model can provide rich information on studied variables.
Transcriptome and Co-Expression Network Analyses Identify Key Genes Regulating Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Brassica juncea L.
Authors: Goel Parul , Sharma Nitesh Kumar , Bhuria Monika , Sharma Vishal , Chauhan Rohit , Pathania Shivalika , Swarnkar Mohit Kumar , Chawla Vandna , Acharya Vishal , Shankar Ravi , Singh Anil Kumar 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNitrate is the main source of inorganic nitrogen for plants, which also act as signaling molecule. Present study was aimed to understand nitrate regulatory mechanism in Brassica juncea cultivars, with contrasting nitrogen-use-efficiency (NUE) viz. Pusa Bold (PB, high-NUE) and Pusa Jai Kisan (PJK, low-NUE), employing RNA-seq approach. A total of 4031, 3874 and 3667 genes in PB and 2982, 2481 and 2843 genes in PJK were differentially expressed in response to early, low (0.25 mM KNO3), medium (2 mM KNO3) and high (4 mM KNO3) nitrate treatments, respectively, as compared to control (0 mM KNO3). Genes of N-uptake (NRT1.1, NRT1.8, and NRT2.1), assimilation (NR1, NR2, NiR, GS1.3, and Fd-GOGAT) and remobilization (GDH2, ASN2–3 and ALaT) were highly-upregulated in PB than in PJK in response to early nitrate treatments. We have also identified transcription factors and protein kinases that were rapidly induced in response to nitrate, suggesting their involvement in nitrate-mediated signaling. Co-expression network analysis revealed four nitrate specific modules in PB, enriched with GO terms like, “Phenylpropanoid pathway”, “Nitrogen compound metabolic process” and “Carbohydrate metabolism”. The network analysis also identified HUB transcription factors like mTERF, FHA, Orphan, bZip and FAR1, which may be the key regulators of nitrate-mediated response in B. juncea.
Novel method for rapid toxicity screening of magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Erofeev A. , Gorelkin P. , Garanina A. , Alova A. , Efremova M. , Vorobyeva N. , Edwards C. , Korchev Y. , Majouga A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIron oxide nanoparticles have attracted a great deal of research interest and have been widely used in bioscience and clinical research including as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, hyperthermia and magnetic field assisted radionuclide therapy. It is therefore important to develop methods, which can provide high-throughput screening of biological responses that can predict toxicity. The use of nanoelectrodes for single cell analysis can play a vital role in this process by providing relatively fast, comprehensive, and cost-effective assessment of cellular responses. We have developed a new method for in vitro study of the toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles (NP) based on the measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by a novel nanoelectrode. Previous studies have suggested that ROS generation is frequently observed with NP toxicity. We have developed a stable probe for measuring intracellular ROS using platinized carbon nanoelectrodes with a cavity on the tip integrated into a micromanipulator on an upright microscope. Our results show a significant difference for intracellular levels of ROS measured in HEK293 and LNCaP cancer cells before and after exposure to 10 nm size iron oxide NP. These results are markedly different from ROS measured after cell incubation with the same concentration of NP using standard methods where no differences have been detected. In summary we have developed a label-free method for assessing nanoparticle toxicity using the rapid (less than 30 minutes) measurement of ROS with a novel nanoelectrode.
Sea Lions Develop Human-like Vernix Caseosa Delivering Branched Fats and Squalene to the GI Tract
Authors: Wang Dong Hao , Ran-Ressler Rinat , St Leger Judy , Nilson Erika , Palmer Lauren , Collins Richard , Brenna J. Thomas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVernix caseosa, the white waxy coating found on newborn human skin, is thought to be a uniquely human substance. Its signature characteristic is exceptional richness in saturated branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and squalene. Vernix particles sloughed from the skin suspended in amniotic fluid are swallowed by the human fetus, depositing BCFA/squalene throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, thereby establishing a unique microbial niche that influences development of nascent microbiota. Here we show that late-term California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) fetuses have true vernix caseosa, delivering BCFA and squalene to the fetal GI tract thereby recapitulating the human fetal gut microbial niche. These are the first data demonstrating the production of true vernix caseosa in a species other than Homo sapiens. Its presence in a marine mammal supports the hypothesis of an aquatic habituation period in the evolution of modern humans.
Xiaoshuan enteric-coated capsule alleviates cognitive impairment by enhancing hippocampal glucose metabolism, hemodynamics and neuroplasticity of rat with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion
Authors: Li Man-zhong , Zhang Yi , Zou Hai-yan , Wang Ya-li , Cheng Brian-Chi Yan , Wang Lei , Zhang Qiu-xia , Lei Jian-feng , Zhao Hui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractChronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is identified as a critical risk factor of dementia in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Xiaoshuan enteric-coated capsule (XSECC) is a compound Chinese medicine approved by Chinese State Food and Drug Administration for promoting brain remodeling and plasticity after stroke. The present study aimed to explore the potential of XSECC to improve cognitive function after CCH and further investigate the underlying mechanisms. CCH was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in rats. XSECC (420 or 140 mg/kg) treatment remarkably reversed BCCAO-induced cognitive deficits. Notably, after XSECC treatment, magnetic resonance angiography combined with arterial spin labeling noninvasively demonstrated significantly improved hippocampal hemodynamics, and 18F-FDG PET/CT showed enhanced hippocampal glucose metabolism. In addition, XSECC treatment markedly alleviated neuropathologies and improved neuroplasticity in the hippocampus. More importantly, XSECC treatment facilitated axonal remodeling by regulating the phosphorylation of axonal growth related proteins including protein kinase B (AKT), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2) in the hippocampus. Taken together, the present study demonstrated the beneficial role of XSECC in alleviating BCCAO-induced cognitive deficits by enhancing hippocampal glucose metabolism, hemodynamics and neuroplasticity, suggesting that XSECC could be a useful strategy in cerebral hypoperfusion state and dementia.
Adolescent Summaries of Narrative and Expository Discourse: Differences and Predictors
Authors: Lundine Jennifer P. , Harnish Stacy M. , McCauley Rebecca J. , Blackett Deena Schwen , Zezinka Alexandra , Chen Wei , Fox Robert A. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
Summarizing expository passages is a critical academic skill that is understudied in language research. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of verbal summaries produced by adolescents for 3 different discourse types and to determine whether a composite measure of cognitive skill or a test of expressive syntax predicted their performance.

Method
Fifty adolescents listened to, and then verbally summarized, 1 narrative and 2 expository lectures (compare–contrast and cause–effect). They also participated in testing that targeted expressive syntax and 5 cognitive subdomains.

Results
Summary quality scores were significantly different across discourse types, with a medium effect size. Analyses revealed significantly higher summary quality scores for cause–effect than compare–contrast summaries. Although the composite cognitive measure contributed significantly to the prediction of quality scores for both types of expository summaries, the expressive syntax score only contributed significantly to the quality scores for narrative summaries.

Conclusions
These results support previous research indicating that type of expository discourse may impact student performance. These results also show, for the first time, that cognition may play a predictive role in determining summary quality for expository but not narrative passages in this population. In addition, despite the more complex syntax commonly associated with exposition versus narratives, an expressive syntax score was only predictive of performance on narrative summaries. These findings provide new information, questions, and directions for future research for those who study academic discourse and for professionals who must identify and manage the problems of students struggling with different types of academic discourse.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6167879
Impact of radial deviation of electron beam on backward wave oscillation in helix TWT
Authors: Zhang Jin , Yuan Huiyu , Zhao Xingqun , Bai Ningfeng , Shen Changsheng , Fan Hehong , Sun Xiaohan , Chen Bo , Feng Jinjun , Yan Tiechang 
Published: May 2018

In this study, the impact of radial deviation of the electron beam on backward wave oscillation (BWO) in a helix travelling wave tube (TWT) is explored. By using CST simulation, the output power of a helix TWT with the electron beam deviation of 0.01 mm is obtained and compared with that of a normal TWT. We found that the output power of the helix TWT changes by 40 W. By analysing the backward wave signal when the TWT works at 11 GHz for different values of the radial deviation of the electron beam, we found that the backward wave amplitude increases as the radial deviation of the electron beam increases. When the radial deviation reaches 0.04 mm (9.5% relative to the electron beam), the backward wave starts to oscillate. When the radial deviation reaches 0.06 mm (14.3% relative to the electron beam), the BWO becomes more severe. It has been proved that the radial deviation of the electron beam is one of the contributing factors for BWO in the helix TWT.
Design and simulation of the high‐frequency structure for a G‐band extended interaction klystron
Authors: Hu Linlin , Zeng Zaojin , Chen Hongbin , Ma Guowu , Meng Fanbao 
Published: May 2018

The G‐band spectrum has been demonstrated to be the frequency of the next generation of space‐borne and ground‐based cloud radar for its higher spatial resolution. Extended interaction klystron (EIK) is one of the most suitable sources for the radar due to its longer lifetime and higher power compared with similar devices. The design and particle simulation of high‐frequency structure for G‐band EIK are presented in this study. The structure employs multiple resonant cavities, and each cavity adopts the ladder‐type multi‐gap structure. The cavities are operating at 2π mode considering the machinability. The simulation result indicates that the amplifier could generate a power of 125 W at 237.5 GHz when driven by a 20 kV, 200 mA round beam and 100 mW input power. This work will be of great potential to develop the G‐band EIK with power above 100 W.
Design of a Vlasov mode converter of 263 GHz gyrotron oscillator for DNP‐NMR
Authors: Li Zhiliang , Feng Jinjun 
Published: May 2018

This paper presents design and simulation of a quasi‐optical mode converter of 263 GHz gyrotron oscillator operating in the circular TE03 mode for dynamic nuclear polarisation enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (DNP‐NMR). The converter consists of a Vlasov stepped‐cut launcher, and additional wave beam‐shaping reflectors, including an elliptical reflector and a parabolic reflector. First, the preliminary parameters of the launcher are designed with the geometric optics theory. Next, both geometric optics and vector diffraction theory are used to simulate the propagation of wave beam in the mode converter system. Finally, operation of the mode converter was simulated, based on the physical model of Vlasov mode converter for 263 GHz TE03 mode gyrotron oscillator. The simulated results show that a good fundamental Gaussian mode is converted at the output window from the TE03 mode, and that the power conversion efficiency and the vector correlation are 90.11 and 85.23%, respectively.
La gencive péri-implantaire. Anatomie, pathologie, vieillissement
Authors: Bert M. 
Published: May 2018

Source initiale de controverses, la gencive péri-implantaire est une structure biologique maintenant relativement bien connue.La gencive péri-implantaire saine montre une grande ressemblance avec l’attache épithélio-conjonctive dentaire. Au niveau de l’épithélium, le sillon gingivo-implantaire ne comporte que quelques couches cellulaires, sans digitations, cellules positives à l’acide per-iodique de Schiff, traduisant la présence de muco-polysaccharides. Au niveau du tissu conjonctif, on trouve des fibres circulaires et des fibres perpendiculaires à la surface du titane.La gencive péri-implantaire pathologique montre, surtout en présence de plaque bactérienne, des infiltrats inflammatoires importants entre l’épithélium et le tissu conjonctif ainsi que des signes d’oedème de ces tissus.L’étude de l’évolution de cette structure dans le temps montre, lorsque l’hygiène est acceptable, un maintien de la qualité des tissus et un renforcement de la gencive kératinisée ou sa création lorsqu’elle n’était pas présente initialement.
Wissen für die Kitteltasche
Authors: Wolter Björn , Krüger Lars 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen der Einarbeitung auf einer Intensivstation ist es für Berufsanfänger in der Pflege oft mühsam, sich alle Einzelheiten und neuen Informationen zu
merken. Viele Pflegende beschreiben daher kleine „Oktavhefte“ mit den wichtigsten Informationen, die sie dann in ihrer Kitteltasche mit sich tragen. Das Herz-
und Diabeteszentrum NRW nutzt mit dem „Helpi“ für die Intensivstationen in der Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie eine neue Methode. Dabei ist das
wichtigste Wissen komprimiert zusammengefasst und in ein praxisnahes Format gebracht. Die Mitarbeiter der Intensivstationen machen damit sehr gute
Erfahrungen.
Hemostasis during Extreme Exertion
Authors: Miszta Adam , Kelchtermans Hilde , De Laat Bas , Kicken Cécile 
Published: May 2018

AbstractExercise is protective against cardiovascular disease, but can also provoke sudden cardiac death, a phenomenon referred to as “the exercise paradox.” Extreme exertion is known to induce a rebalanced hemostatic state by causing hypercoagulability and concomitantly enhanced fibrinolysis. Over the past decade, novel techniques for quantifying hemostasis have been introduced, which may provide new insights into this process. This review summarizes recent literature on the effect of extreme exertion of both short and long duration on coagulation, fibrinolysis, and recovery of hemostatic balance. Extreme exertion introduces a temporary hypercoagulable state, mainly through upregulation of the contact pathway by increased FVIII levels. Additionally, von Willebrand factor levels and platelet activation are increased. Simultaneously, increased fibrinolysis results from increased tissue-type plasminogen activator levels, suggesting a rebalanced hemostasis. The vascular endothelium appears to play a pivotal role in both processes. Data on the effect of exercise on endogenous anticoagulants are scarce. Hypercoagulability persists for hours to a day after prolonged extreme exertion, while fibrinolytic parameters appear to return to baseline levels more quickly. Hence, the balance in the rebalanced hemostatic state may be lost during recovery. Training induces lower amplitude of the hypercoagulable response, and quicker recuperation toward baseline. Repetitive exercise exhausts the endothelium, attenuating procoagulant changes. Additional research is needed to identify if the hemostatic balance is lost during recovery, and if so, when the shift toward thrombosis appears. Moreover, differences between sexes need to be addressed, since women are known to have a different pathophysiological mechanism behind cardiovascular events, but are underrepresented in recent literature.
Prospective Study on Several Urinary Biomarkers as Indicators of Renal Damage in Children with CAKUT
Authors: Pastore Valentina , Calè Isabella , Aceto Gabriella , Campanella Vittoria , Lasalandra Carla , Magaldi Simona , Niglio Francesco , Basile Angela , Cocomazzi Raffaella , Bartoli Fabio 
Published: May 2018

Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate urinary levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), β-2-microglobulin (β2M), and FAS-ligand (FAS-L) in children with congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) disease at risk of developing glomerular hyperfiltration syndrome. For this reason, we selected patients with multicystic kidney, renal agenesia and renal hypodysplasia, or underwent single nephrectomy.
Materials and Methods This prospective, multicentric study was conducted in collaboration between the Pediatric Surgery Unit in Foggia and the Pediatric Nephrology Unit in Bari, Italy. We enrolled 80 children with CAKUT (40 hypodysplasia, 22 agenetic; 10 multicystic; 8 nephrectomy) who underwent extensive urological and nephrological workup. Exclusion criteria were recent urinary tract infections or pyelonephritis, age > 14 years, presence of systemic disease, or hypertension. A single urine sample was collected in a noninvasive way and processed for measuring by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay urine levels of MCP-1, EGF, β2M, and FAS-L. As control, urine samples were taken from 30 healthy children.Furthermore, we evaluated the urinary ratios uEGF/uMCP-1 (indicator of regenerative vs inflammatory response) and uEGF/uβ2M (indicator of regenerative response vs. tubular damage).
Results These results suggest that urinary levels of MCP-1 are overexpressed in CAKUT patients. Furthermore, our findings clearly demonstrated that both uEGF/uMCP-1 and uEGF/uβ2M ratios were significantly downregulated in all patient groups when compared with the control group.
Conclusion These findings further support that CAKUT patients may, eventually, experience progressive renal damage and poor regenerative response. The increased urinary levels of MCP-1 in all groups of CAKUT patients suggested that the main factor responsible for the above effects is chronic renal inflammation mediated by local monocytes.