bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Principles to Ensure a Cross-Border Kafāla Placement Is in the Best Interests of the Child
Authors: Ricciardi Giovanna , Wöllenstein-Tripathi Jeannette 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis contribution aims at highlighting principles as well as recommended practice to guide states in ensuring a cross-border kafāla placement is in the best interests of a child. These principles stem from the ISS’ conviction that, from a child rights perspective, both public international and private international law provisions must inform approaches concerning cross-border kafāla. This joint approach is based on ISS’ long-standing casework experience in working daily and across the globe on complex cross-border child protection cases.
The Child’s Best Interests in International Jurisdiction Under the Brussels IIter Regulation
Authors: González Marimón María 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCross-border conflicts dealing with parental responsibility matters have a wide diversity which is projected in the Brussels IIter Regulation international jurisdiction model. In particular, the system is articulated on the principle of the best interests of the child, linked to the criterion of proximity. Following this logic, the Brussels IIter Regulation, inheriting the system from its predecessor, reflects a much more accurate balance between the two conceptions of the best interests of the child, in abstracto and in concreto. The aim of this chapter is to present the jurisdiction model on parental responsibility matters of the Brussels IIter Regulation, from the necessary children-based approach that should be paramount in any case involving children, including Private International Law rules. This overview will allow to reflect on how the jurisdiction rules seek to answer to the complexity of international movement of families through the articulation of the best interest of the child principle.
The Principle of the Child’s Best Interests in EU Law on Third-Country Nationals
Authors: Goldner Lang Iris 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter demonstrates that the principle of the child’s best interests is an integral value of EU law and serves as an underlying rationale for EU legislation and judgments. It is analysed how the principle of the best interests of the child affects the rights of third country nationals in the EU, with a focus on decisions relating to family reunification and EU migration and asylum law. In this chapter a multidimensional conception of the child’s best interests principle is developed, emphasising its threefold function as a substantive right, as an interpretative tool and as a procedural rule. The article concludes that the principle of the child’s best interests will continue to grow in importance in EU law on third-country nationals.
Guardianship and Other Protective Measures for Minor Refugees in Germany
Authors: Heiderhoff Bettina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter explains the legal framework on guardianship and other protective measures, especially the so-called provisional taking into care, for unaccompanied minor refugees in Germany and explores the central terms “minor” and “unaccompanied”. Significant problems are highlighted in this chapter, in particular a conflict of interest on the part of the Youth Welfare Office, a lack of specific knowledge of asylum law on the part of guardians, the handling of cross-border guardianships, and certain problems in assessing age and responsibility.
Advancing Cities’ Resilience: A Comprehensive Review and Mapping of Research
Authors: Belaïd Fateh , Apeaning Raphael , Arora Anvita 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe concept of resilient cities has emerged as a critical paradigm for addressing the complex challenges facing urban areas in the twenty-first century. We conducted a comprehensive analysis integrating bibliometric techniques and latent topic modeling to elucidate the evolving research landscape on resilient cities. We used a dataset comprising 532 research articles from the Web of Science database to identify key themes and trends shaping urban resilience and development discourse. Through multiple correspondence analysis and structural topic modeling, we extracted and analyzed the underlying conceptual structure of the literature, uncovering interconnected topics and prevalent themes. Our findings revealed eight primary topics: smart urban development, climate adaptation, climate risks, governance, risk management, community planning, green infrastructure, and energy management. By visualizing the intricate connections between these topics, we provide a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted nature of urban resilience. Our findings underscore the imperative of integrated urban planning and policy-making approaches that transcend disciplinary boundaries and embrace the complex dynamics shaping urban systems. The insights gleaned from this study not only enrich scholarly discourse but also offer actionable guidance for policymakers, urban practitioners, and researchers, facilitating the development of evidence-based strategies to foster resilient, sustainable, and equitable urban futures.
Grey Carbon—A New Nature-Positive Carbon Removal Technology for the Built World
Authors: Chami Ralph , Cosimano Thomas , Hilmi Nathalie , Nieburg Dinah , Swisher Rebekkah 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHumanity is in a race to reduce carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Emissions must be reduced while also accelerating net carbon dioxide removal (CDR). Historically, carbon removal has been shouldered by “green” and “blue” nature—land, coastal areas, and ocean. With the world’s growing population, impacts from climate change, and increasing urbanization, it is clear nature cannot handle all the CDR needed. Natural systems are under threat, risking their ability to maintain the same rate of carbon sequestration. Man-made technology must deliver more. The IPCC Assessment Report 6 (AR6) highlights a mix of nature- and technology-based CDR solutions that will be needed. Here, we look at a new CDR solution for the construction industry, which is responsible for 38% of global CO2 emissions. Since climate change is only increasing demand for construction, we must reimagine how and what we build with. We need building technologies that can help keep their own industry’s emissions in check while also reducing CO2 from the atmosphere. This is where “grey carbon” comes in. Like its blue and green cousins, grey carbon offers net carbon removal from man-made technology and presents a pathway that delinks pollution and development. Here, we use a case example of how the Bahamas is turning to a grey carbon building product to respond to housing demand and climate adaptation. We describe the science behind this CDR technology and apply financial valuation techniques to calculate the monetary value that could be derived from the grey carbon credits. We show how grey carbon delivers climate, nature, and community benefits from the following: CO2 avoidance and removal during production, longer-term carbon removal as the materials continue to weather, ocean protection through reduced brine waste, and social benefits from the sale of grey carbon credits. We show that a 1250 ft2 home built with this cement can deliver 170.94 tCO2e credits over 20 years for a present value of $38,145 per home and $57.22 million for 1500 homes. We conclude that grey carbon can mitigate emissions from the built world while also helping to deliver a future in which the biosphere and Technosphere, blue, green, and grey climate solutions, coexist as allies for human well-being and climate stabilization.
Burying beetles as a model organism to study sex differences in parental care
Authors: Ratz T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn species where both sexes care for offspring, one parent—generally the female—typically provides more care than the other. While current theory offers broad predictions on the evolution of sex differences in parental care, it remains unclear whether ecological factors, such as short-term environmental variation and the intrinsic state of parents, also influence the size of existing asymmetries between parents. Here, I highlight how recent work on burying beetles (Nicrophorus sp.), a now well-established taxon to study biparental care, has contributed to research on sex differences in parenting. Although female burying beetles provide more care than males, the extent of this asymmetry is context-dependent as each sex constantly readjusts care depending on the surrounding environment and own state. Nevertheless, despite variation in the magnitude of the sex differences, there are still clear patterns of care specific to each species, highlighting the importance of the evolutionary history. Finally, the presence of sex differences presumably has consequences for the efficiency of parental care and can affect offspring performance. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the life-history and environmental conditions driving sex differences in parenting, we need more natural history research on the less commonly studied Nicrophorus species and more work examining behavioural responses to rapid environmental changes in all taxa. Addressing these gaps will contribute to our understanding of how sexual conflict over care is resolved and how biparental cooperation persists despite asymmetries between caring parents.
Impact of low-dose sevoflurane with propofol-based anesthesia on motor-evoked potentials in infants: a single-arm crossover pilot study
Authors: Kojima Taiki , Nakahari Hirofumi , Ikeda Makoto , Kurimoto Michihiro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The influence of anesthetic interactions on motor-evoked potentials in infants has rarely been reported. In infants, adding a small dose of sevoflurane to propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia is reasonable for reducing propofol administration. We collected preliminary data regarding the effect of low-dose sevoflurane in propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia on motor-evoked potentials in infants.

Methods
This pilot interventional study included 10 consecutive infants requiring motor-evoked potentials between January 2023 and March 2024. The motor-evoked potential amplitudes in the upper and lower extremities were recorded twice when general anesthesia was maintained using (1) propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia and (2) 0.1–0.15 age-adjusted minimum alveolar concentration sevoflurane + propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia.

Results
The motor-evoked potential amplitude in the right upper extremity was not significantly different after the addition of a small dose of sevoflurane [192 (75.3–398) μV, 121 (57.7–304) μV, P = 0.19]. All the motor-evoked potential amplitudes in the right lower extremity (quadriceps femoris, anterior tibialis, and gastrocnemius muscles) were significantly attenuated by adding a small dose of sevoflurane (median [interquartile range]: 47.9 [35.4–200] μV, 25.2 [12.4–55.3] μV, P = 0.014; 74.2 [51.9–232] μV, 31.2 [2.7–64] μV, P = 0.0039; 29.8 [20–194] μV, 9.9 [3.8–92.4] μV, P = 0.0039, respectively). Similar results were observed in the left lower extremities.

Conclusion
Adding even 0.1–0.15 age-adjusted minimum alveolar concentration sevoflurane to propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia attenuated the motor-evoked potential amplitudes in the lower extremities. A further prospective interventional study with an appropriate sample size is required to investigate the study hypothesis.
In situ detection of ferric reductase activity in the intestinal lumen of an insect
Authors: Hernández-Gallardo Anna Karen , Arcos-López Trinidad , Bahena-Lopez Jahir Marceliano , Tejeda-Guzmán Carlos , Gallardo-Hernández Salvador , Webb Samuel M. , Kroll Thomas , Solari Pier Lorenzo , Sánchez-López Carolina , Den Auwer Christophe , Quintanar Liliana , Missirlis Fanis 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe rise of atmospheric oxygen as a result of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts has transformed most environmental iron into the ferric state. In contrast, cells within organisms maintain a reducing internal milieu and utilize predominantly ferrous iron. Ferric reductases are enzymes that transfer electrons to ferric ions, either extracellularly or within endocytic vesicles, enabling cellular ferrous iron uptake through Divalent Metal Transporter 1. In mammals, duodenal cytochrome b is a ferric reductase of the intestinal epithelium, but how insects reduce and absorb dietary iron remains unknown. Here we provide indirect evidence of extracellular ferric reductase activity in a small subset of Drosophila melanogaster intestinal epithelial cells, positioned at the neck of the midgut’s anterior region. Dietary-supplemented bathophenanthroline sulphate (BPS) captures locally generated ferrous iron and precipitates into pink granules, whose chemical identity was probed combining in situ X-ray absorption near edge structure and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. An increased presence of manganese ions upon BPS feeding was also found. Control animals were fed with ferric ammonium citrate, which is accumulated into ferritin iron in distinct intestinal subregions suggesting iron trafficking between different cells inside the animal. Spectroscopic signals from the biological samples were compared to purified Drosophila and horse spleen ferritin and to chemically synthesized BPS-iron and BPS-manganese complexes. The results corroborated the presence of BPS-iron in a newly identified ferric iron reductase region of the intestine, which we propose constitutes the major site of iron absorption in this organism.
Graphical abstract
Breast cancer screening needs assessment in 19 Northern California counties: geography, poverty, and racial/ethnic identity composition
Authors: Bustamante Brittany L. Morgan , Miglioretti Diana , Keegan Theresa , Stewart Eric , Shrestha Anshu , Yang Nuen Tsang , Cress Rosemary D. , Carvajal-Carmona Luis , Dang Julie , Fejerman Laura 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To describe the area-level rate of breast cancers, the percentage of early-stage diagnoses (stage I-IIa), and associations between area-level measures of poverty, racial/ethnic composition, primary care shortage, and urban/rural/frontier status for the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center (UCDCCC) catchment area.

Methods
Using data from the SEER Cancer Registry of Greater California (2014–2018) and the California Department of Health Care Access and Information Medical Service Study Area, we conducted an ecological study in the UCDCCC catchment area to identify geographies that need screening interventions and their demographic characteristics.

Results
The higher the percentage of the population identifying as Hispanic/Latino/Latinx, and the higher the percentage of the population below the 100% poverty level, the lower the odds of being diagnosed at an early-stage (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.96–0.99 and OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–0.99, respectively). The association with poverty level was attenuated in the multivariable model when the Hispanic/Latino/Latinx population percentage was added. Several California counties had high poverty levels and differences in cancer stage distribution between racial/ethnic category groups. For all individuals combined, 65% was the lowest proportion of early-stage diagnoses for any geography. However, when stratified by racial/ethnic category, 11 geographies were below 65% for Hispanic/Latino/Latinx individuals, six for non-Hispanic Asian and Pacific Islander individuals, and seven for non-Hispanic African American/Black individuals, in contrast to one for non-Hispanic White individuals.

Conclusions
Areas with lower percentages of breast cancers diagnosed at an early-stage were characterized by high levels of poverty. Variation in the proportion of early-stage diagnosis was also observed by race/ethnicity where the proportion of Hispanic/Latino/Latinx individuals was associated with fewer early-stage diagnoses.

Impact
Results will inform the implementation of the UCDCCC mobile cancer prevention and early detection program, providing specific locations and populations to prioritize for tailored outreach, education, and screening.
Decision Support Framework for Sustainable and Fire Resilient Buildings (SAFR-B)
Authors: Frantzich Håkan , McNamee Margaret , Kimblad Erik , Meacham Brian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Buildings of all types are increasingly becoming complex ‘systems of systems.’ They are subject to evolving societal objectives, new and innovative materials, and in many countries, regulatory ecosystems are having difficulty keeping pace with rapidly changing societal, environmental and technological changes. Two evolving objectives that are stimulating changes to buildings and communities are the desire for a more environmentally sustainable built environment and the need to become more resilient to the many increasingly hazardous impacts of climate change. Unfortunately, in some building designs these objectives are in conflict. As a first step toward a more integrated, holistic tool to aid in the design of sustainable and fire resilient buildings (SAFR-B), this paper develops and applies a first-order decision framework for a midrise apartment building. The SAFR-B framework is built on an analysis of design and regulatory objectives for fire safety and sustainability for buildings, and of risk and decision methods that can support design decisions. It makes use of risk indexing and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), with initial scoring and weighting of attributes and strategies derived from international experts in the field of fire safety and sustainability through a Delphi process.
Pharmacists’ perspectives on potential pharmacist prescribing: a nationwide survey in the Netherlands
Authors: Kaymakci Bilge , Philbert Daphne , Hazen Ankie C. M. , Heringa Mette , Kwint Henk-Frans , Zwart Dorien L. M. , van Dijk Liset , Kälvemark Sporrong Sofia , Kempen Thomas G. H. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Pharmacist prescribing legislation aims to enhance healthcare quality and accessibility. However, in many countries, like the Netherlands, it has not yet been legally established.

Aim
To investigate pharmacists’ perspectives on potential pharmacist prescribing in the Netherlands.

Method
An online survey using a questionnaire that was distributed via e-mail and electronic newsletters to most practicing pharmacists in the Netherlands during October and November 2023. The questionnaire was based on previous literature, further developed during an international conference with pharmacists and piloted with Dutch pharmacists. Agreement with statements about potential prescribing models, settings, preconditions, and perceived benefits and risks was measured using a 4-point Likert scale. Data were analysed descriptively.

Results
In total, 625 participants from community pharmacy (n = 432; 69.1%), hospital pharmacy (n = 149; 23.8%), or other/combined settings (n = 44; 7.0%) completed the questionnaire. Most pharmacists (somewhat) agreed with the introduction of an independent prescribing model with limitations (n = 538; 86.1%) or a model dependent on collaborative agreements with physicians (n = 471; 75.4%). A minority (n = 245; 39.2%) supported independent prescribing with diagnostic authority. The precondition that participants most frequently (somewhat) agreed with was access to health records (n = 607; 97.1%). The most (somewhat) agreed-upon benefits were enhanced professional position of pharmacists (n = 574; 91.8%) and reduced workload for other prescribers (n = 573; 91.7%). Increased workload for pharmacists (n = 495; 79.2%) was the most (somewhat) agreed-upon identified risk.

Conclusion
Pharmacists in the Netherlands are generally supportive of an independent but limited or collaborative pharmacist prescribing model. These findings support further investigations into the potential introduction of pharmacist prescribing legislation.
Disparities in Clinical Trial Enrollment– Focus on CAR-T and Bispecific Antibody Therapies
Authors: Islam Nadia , Budvytyte Laura , Khera Nandita , Hilal Talal 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Recent studies show that unresolved disparities hinder enrollment to clinical trials, equitable distribution of treatments, and impact the generalizability of trials, compromising health outcomes across different populations. This review aims to examine the persistent disparities noted in clinical trial enrollment, with particular focus on lymphoid malignancies, CAR-T cell and bispecific antibody therapies.

Recent Findings
Targeted interventions can enhance recruitment of underrepresented groups in clinical trials and address the complex barriers hindering participation, which are essential for achieving healthcare access equity and treatment outcomes.

Summary
Improvement must be multifaceted, addressing socioeconomic, geographic, and biologic factors contributing to underrepresentation. This includes more lenient eligibility criteria, improving outreach and education, as well as using technology to diversify trial participation.
Senolytics: charting a new course or enhancing existing anti-tumor therapies?
Authors: Czajkowski Konrad , Herbet Mariola , Murias Marek , Piątkowska-Chmiel Iwona 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCell senescence is a natural response within our organisms. Initially, it was considered an effective anti-tumor mechanism. However, it is now believed that while cell senescence initially acts as a robust barrier against tumor initiation, the subsequent accumulation of senescent cells can paradoxically promote cancer recurrence and cause damage to neighboring tissues. This intricate balance between cell proliferation and senescence plays a pivotal role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Moreover, senescence cells secrete many bioactive molecules collectively termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can induce chronic inflammation, alter tissue architecture, and promote tumorigenesis through paracrine signaling. Among the myriads of compounds, senotherapeutic drugs have emerged as exceptionally promising candidates in anticancer treatment. Their ability to selectively target senescent cells while sparing healthy tissues represents a paradigm shift in therapeutic intervention, offering new avenues for personalized oncology medicine. Senolytics have introduced new therapeutic possibilities by enabling the targeted removal of senescent cells. As standalone agents, they can clear tumor cells in a senescent state and, when combined with chemo- or radiotherapy, eliminate residual senescent cancer cells after treatment. This dual approach allows for the intentional use of lower-dose therapies or the removal of unintended senescent cells post-treatment. Additionally, by targeting non-cancerous senescent cells, senolytics may help reduce tumor formation risk, limit recurrence, and slow disease progression. This article examines the mechanisms of cellular senescence, its role in cancer treatment, and the importance of senotherapy, with particular attention to the therapeutic potential of senolytic drugs.
Graphical abstract