bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of fracture resistance of Cerasmart and lithium disilicate ceramic veneers with different incisal preparation designs: an in vitro study
Authors: Mohammed Bushra , EL-Guindy Jylan 
Published: August 2019

Background: Cerasmart hybrid material offers specific advantages such as less fragility and more flexibility than glass ceramics. This material also has the option of readily modifying or repairing the surface and favorable stress-absorbing characteristics. In our study, Cerasmart hybrid and lithium disilicate ceramic laminate veneers with two different preparation designs were compared with regards to their fracture resistance. Methods: A total of 52 of comparable human central maxillary incisors were used. Group A (n=26) was made up of Cerasmart hybrid ceramic laminate veneers were fabricated from Cerasmart blocks, while Group B (n=26) was made up of lithium disilicate ceramic laminate veneers were made of IPS e.max pressable ingots. Each group was subdivided in two equal subgroups according to preparation designs. Subgroup I comprised Featheredge preparation design and subgroup II: Wraparound preparation design. All samples were subjected to thermocycling between 5°C and 55°C in a water bath for a total of 1750 cycle with 10 seconds dwell time at each bath. The fracture load strength test was performed using a universal testing machine. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between all groups. E.max wraparound group recorded the highest fracture resistance mean value (422.1 N) followed by Cerasmart wraparound group (317.23 N), then e.max featheredge group (289.6 N), and finally Cerasmart featheredge group (259.3 N) had the lowest value as analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Conclusions: The Cerasmart hybrid material could be considered as a valid alternative to the widely used IPS e.max material. The fracture resistance of laminate veneers is not influenced by different type of preparation designs.
A Sequence Distance Graph framework for genome assembly and analysis
Authors: Yanes Luis , Garcia Accinelli Gonzalo , Wright Jonathan , Ward Ben J. , Clavijo Bernardo J. 
Published: August 2019

The Sequence Distance Graph (SDG) framework works with genome assembly graphs and raw data from paired, linked and long reads. It includes a simple deBruijn graph module, and can import graphs using the graphical fragment assembly (GFA) format. It also maps raw reads onto graphs, and provides a Python application programming interface (API) to navigate the graph, access the mapped and raw data and perform interactive or scripted analyses. Its complete workspace can be dumped to and loaded from disk, decoupling mapping from analysis and supporting multi-stage pipelines. We present the design and implementation of the framework, and example analyses scaffolding a short read graph with long reads, and navigating paths in a heterozygous graph for a simulated parent-offspring trio dataset. SDG is freely available under the MIT license at https://github.com/bioinfologics/sdg
The status of Ghanaian community health workers’ supervision and service delivery: descriptive analyses from the 2017 Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 survey
Authors: Schwarz Dan , Kim June-Ho , Ratcliffe Hannah , Bell Griffith , Awoonor-Williams John Koku , Nimako Belinda , Otupiri Easmon , Lipsitz Stuart , Hirschhorn Lisa , Bitton Asaf 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Community-based services are a critical component of high-quality primary healthcare. Ghana formally launched the National Community Health Worker (CHW) program in 2014, to augment the pre-existing Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS). To date, however, there is scant data about the program’s implementation. We describe the current supervision and service delivery status of CHWs throughout the country. Methods: Data were collected regarding CHW supervision and service delivery during the 2017 round of the Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 survey. Descriptive analyses were performed by facility type, supervisor type, service delivery type, and regional distribution. Results: Over 80% of CHWs had at least monthly supervision interactions, but there was variability in the frequency of interactions. Frequency of supervision interactions did not vary by facility or supervisor type. The types of services delivered by CHWs varied greatly by facility type and region. Community mobilization, health education, and outreach for loss-to-follow-up were delivered by over three quarters of CHWs, while mental health counseling and postnatal care are provided by fewer than one third of CHWs. The Western region and Greater Accra had especially low rates of CHW service provision. Non-communicable disease treatment, which is not included in the national guidelines, was reportedly provided by some CHWs in nine out of ten regions. Conclusions: Overall, this study demonstrates variability in supervision frequency and CHW activities. A high proportion of CHWs already meet the expected frequency of supervision. Meanwhile, there are substantial differences by region of CHW service provision, which requires further research, particularly on novel CHW services such as non-communicable disease treatment. While there are important limitations to these data, these findings can be instructive for Ghanaian policymakers and implementers to target improvement initiatives for community-based services.
The influence of parathyroid hormone 1-34 on the osteogenic characteristics of adipose- and bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from juvenile and ovarectomized rats
Authors: Osagie-Clouard Liza , Sanghani-Kerai Anita , Coathup Melanie , Meeson Richard , Briggs Timothy , Blunn Gordon 
Published: August 2019

Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of growing interest in terms of bone regeneration. Most preclinical trials utilize bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs), although this is not without isolation and expansion difficulties. The aim of this study was: to compare the characteristics of bMSCs and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) from juvenile, adult, and ovarectomized (OVX) rats; and to assess the effect of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) 1-34 on their osteogenic potential and migration to stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). Methods Cells were isolated from the adipose and bone marrow of juvenile, adult, and previously OVX Wistar rats, and were characterized with flow cytometry, proliferation assays, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, and migration to SDF-1. Experiments were repeated with and without intermittent hPTH 1-34. Results Juvenile and adult MSCs demonstrated significantly increased osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation and superior migration towards SDF-1 compared with OVX groups; this was the case for AdMSCs and bMSCs equally. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increased parameters of osteogenic differentiation and migration to SDF-1. This was significant for all cell types, although it had the most significant effect on cells derived from OVX animals. bMSCs from all groups showed increased mineralization and migration to SDF-1 compared with AdMSCs. Conclusion Juvenile MSCs showed significantly greater migration to SDF-1 and significantly greater osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation compared with cells from osteopenic rats; this was true for bMSCs and AdMSCs. The addition of PTH increased these characteristics, with the most significant effect on cells derived from OVX animals, further illustrating possible clinical application of both PTH and MSCs in bone regenerative therapies. Cite this article:L. Osagie-Clouard, A. Sanghani-Kerai, M. Coathup, R. Meeson, T. Briggs, G. Blunn. The influence of parathyroid hormone 1-34 on the osteogenic characteristics of adipose- and bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from juvenile and ovarectomized rats. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:397–404. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.88.BJR-2019-0018.R1.
China’s Only Children and Their Spillover Effects on Academic Performance in the Classroom
Authors: Wang Haining , Zhu Rong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the causal effect of students who are the only child in their family on the academic performance of their classmates, exploiting the random assignment of students to classes within schools in China. We find that a higher proportion of classmates as the only child in their family improves the academic outcomes of students in the same classroom. We also find evidence of positive but heterogeneous peer effects by student and class characteristics. Our findings suggest that the academic performance of Chinese students has benefited indirectly from the one-child policy because of this positive peer influence within the classroom.
Rhetorical Procedures in Chinese Literature
Authors: Gándara Lelia Mabel 
Published: August 2019

Abstract“Scar Literature,” a literary movement in twentieth-century Chinese literature, encompasses a series of works written after the Cultural Revolution. The scar metaphor was taken from the title of a short story, “The Scar,” and characterized a series of works with common features. The outlines of “Scar Literature” are blurred, mixed and intertwined with other literary trends and movements. But while Chinese and foreign literary criticism claim that it was short-lived, its influences are visible in several works by contemporary authors. Based on the idea that literary works are prone to being analyzed as a form of persuasive discourse, this paper identifies typical rhetorical procedures of this literary trend and its influences in certain emblematic works: the recurrence of topoi (figures such as “rehabilitation,” peculiar to the Cultural Revolution); inductive reasoning (the construction of a historiographic reasoning via the exemplum); recourse to pathos; and the metaphorical figure of the scar bearing the value of the plotline. This analysis applies concepts of New Rhetoric and discourse linguistics, in particular, concepts developed by Olbrecht-Tyteca and Perelman, Amossy’s approach about pathos and the role of emotions and “figurality” in argumentation, and Plantin’s linguistic theory of the emotions.
Crystal structure of poly[(μ2-4-amino-1,5-naphthalenedisulfonato-κ4
O,N:O′, N′)bis(μ2-hexamethylenetetramino-κ2
N;N′)silver(I)], {C22H30Ag2N9O6S2}n
Authors: Jiang Jin-Ke , Li Gang-Mei , Sun Jian-Nan , Ju Ge-Shuang , Du Jing-Jie , Jin Xin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
C22H30Ag2N9O6S2, monoclinic, P21
/c (no. 14), a = 10.4629(10) Å, b = 10.9785(8) Å, c = 12.3483(15) Å, β = 109.766(12)°, V = 1334.8(2) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0662, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1356, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of (E)-2-(2-chloro-6-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide, C8H8ClN3O4S
Authors: Li Xia , Liu Shangjun , Yan Weihong , Shen Mingle , Xue Chaohui 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
C8H8ClN3O4S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.662(2) Å, b = 5.2782(8) Å, c = 14.841(2) Å, β = 94.103(3)°, V = 989.3(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0317, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1232, T = 293(2) K.
Nominal coreference resolution for Polish
Authors: Ogrodniczuk Maciej 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article presents current research on coreference resolution for Polish, from development of a sufficiently general model of reference relations to implementation of tools using this model to automatically detect coreference in written texts. The task is accomplished using corpus approach, with manual annotation of reference structures, verification of the proposed theory on the corpus data, implementation of automatic tools in different technical architectures and finally assessing their quality using standard evaluation methods.
Three-step coreference-based summarizer for Polish news texts
Authors: Kopeć Mateusz 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article addresses the problem of automatic summarization of press articles in Polish. The main novelty of this research lays in the proposal of a three-step summarization algorithm which benefits from using coreference information.
In related work section, all coreference-based approaches to summarization are presented. Then we describe in detail all publicly available summarization tools developed for Polish language. We state the problem of single-document press article summarization for Polish, describing the training and evaluation dataset: the POLISH SUMMARIES CORPUS.
Next, a new coreference-based extractive summarization system NICOLAS is introduced. Its algorithm utilises advanced third-party preprocessing tools to extract the coreference information from the text to be summarized. This information is transformed into a complex set of features related to coreference concepts (mentions and coreference clusters) that are used for training the summarization system (on the basis of a manually prepared gold summaries corpus).
The proposed solution is compared to the best publicly available summarization systems for Polish language and two state-of-the-art tools, developed for English language, but adapted to Polish for this article. NICOLAS summarization system obtains best scores, for selected metrics outperforming other systems in a statistically significant way. The evaluation also contains calculation of interesting upper-bounds: human performance and theoretical upper-bound.
Optimization of 14C LSC measurement using CO2 absorption technique
Authors: Arun B. , Vijayalakshmi I. , Ramani Yuvaraj , Viswanathan S. , Jose M. T. , Baskaran R. , Venkatraman B. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) is the most commonly used technique for quantification of 14C in the environmental samples. An optimization study was carried out for the analysis of 14C with the direct carbon dioxide absorption method using LSC. The absorption capacity of CO2 in varying amounts of CO2 absorber Carbo-Sorb E to Permafluor scintillation cocktail volumes is found to be 5.33 ± 0.053 mmol/mL of Carbo-Sorb E. The optimum volume ratio of Carbo-Sorb E to Permafluor scintillation cocktail is found to be 1:1 based on the minimum detection activity (MDA) values. The effect of CO2 loading in the optimized absorption mixture shows that with an increasing CO2 amount (up to saturation) there is an increase in tSIE values which is due to an increase of Compton scattering effect in the CO2 loaded samples. The region of interest (ROI) for 14C measurement is found to be 10–96 keV based on the figure of merit values and the efficiency for detecting 14C is 83.45 % in the optimized ROI window.
Compressed air energy storage in aquifers: basic principles, considerable factors, and improvement approaches
Authors: Li Yi , Li Yi , Liu Yaning , Cao Xiaoyuan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Compressed air energy storage in aquifers (CAESA) can be considered a novel and potential large-scale energy storage technology in the future. However, currently, the research on CAESA is relatively scarce and no actual engineering practices have yet been performed due to a lack of detailed theoretical and technical support. This article provides a summary and analysis of the current research about the key problems in CAESA. The theoretical foundation and evaluation methods are first addressed, and then the aquifer selection criteria are proposed by analyzing the impact of the main geological factors on the performance. Subsequently, the optimal design of wellbore and the operation parameters are discussed, and different possible enhanced methods are proposed for extending the application of CAESA. Finally, conclusions are made and application outlook is addressed.
A case report of wireless peripheral nerve stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome type-I of the upper extremity: 1 year follow up
Authors: Herschkowitz Daniel , Kubias Jana 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic disabling painful disorder with limited options to achieve therapeutic relief. CRPS type I which follows trauma, may not show obvious damage to the nervous structures and remains dubious in its pathophysiology and also its response to conservative treatment or interventional pain management is elusive. Spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion stimulation (SCS, DRGS) provide good relief, mainly for causalgia or CRPS I of lower extremities but not very encouraging for upper extremity CRPS I. we reported earlier, a case of CRPS I of right arm treated successfully by wireless peripheral nerve stimulation (WPNS) with short term follow up. Here we present 1-year follow-up of this patient.

Objective
To present the first case of WPNS for CRPS I with a year follow up. The patient had minimally invasive peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS), without implantable pulse generator (IPG) or its accessories.

Case report
This was a case of refractory CRPS I after blunt trauma to the right forearm of a young female. She underwent placement of two Stimwave electrodes (Leads: FR4A-RCV-A0 with tines, Generation 1 and FR4A-RCV-B0 with tines, Generation 1) in her forearm under intraoperative electrophysiological and ultrasound guidance along radial and median nerves. This WPNS required no IPG. At high frequency (HF) stimulation (HF 10 kHz/32 μs, 2.0 mA), patient had shown remarkable relief in pain, allodynia and temperature impairment. At 5 months she started driving without opioid consumption, while allodynia disappeared. At 1 year follow up she was relieved of pain [visual analogue scale (VAS) score of 4 from 7] and Kapanji Index (Score) improved to 7–8. Both hands look similar in color and temperature. She never made unscheduled visits to the clinic or visited emergency room for any complications related to the WPNS.

Conclusions
CRPS I involving upper extremity remain difficult to manage with conventional SCS or DRGS because of equipment related adverse events. Minimally invasive WPNS in this case had shown consistent relief without any complications or side effects related to the wireless technology or the technique at the end of 1 year.

Implications
This is the first case illustration of WPNS for CRPS I, successfully treated and followed up for 1 year.
Investigation of Tensile, Viscoelastic, and Viscoplastic Behavior of Polylactic Acid Manufactured by Fused Deposition Modeling
Authors: Istif Ilyas , Feratoglu Kamil , Colak Ozgen Umit , Acar Alperen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Uniaxial tensile and uniaxial loading-unloading experiments are performed to characterize the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) manufactured by fused deposition modeling (FDM). To investigate viscoelastic and viscoplastic properties of PLA manufactured with FDM, uniaxial loading-unloading tensile tests are conducted at different strain rates. In addition, the influences of layer orientation on the mechanical properties of PLA specimens manufactured by FDM are investigated. The specimens are manufactured with a vertical and horizontal orientation. The influence of strain rate on ductility is also investigated. Decreasing the strain rate leads to an increase in strain at break. This increase in ductility is interpreted as a result of the effect on secondary bonds. Viscoplastic deformation followed by fracture is seen at lower strain rate tests. As stress and stiffness increases, ductility decreases. More ductility is seen at the horizontally oriented specimens than the vertically oriented specimens. On the other hand, the influences of layer orientation on the mechanical properties of PLA specimens are also investigated. It could be said that the tensile behavior is strain rate and manufacturing orientation dependent. As expected, the higher strain rate values yield to more brittle behavior. More brittle behavior is also reported at vertically oriented specimens. To compare with FDM specimens, injection-molded specimens are produced, and more brittle behavior is observed. Uniaxial loading and unloading tensile tests are also performed for the same specimens. It is observed that elastic recovery increases with increasing strain rate. Results showed that printing orientation does not have a major effect on elastic recovery.
Robotic Fiber Laser Cladding of Steel Substrate with Iron-Based Metallic Powder
Authors: Lisiecki Aleksander , Ślizak Dawid , Kukofka Adrian 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The investigations of robotized laser cladding of mild steel by iron-based powder and the study of process parameters on quality and properties of the test surface layers are described. The test surface layers were produced as single stringer beads by means of a laser head coupled with powder-delivering nozzles and mounted on a welding robot arm. The fiber laser emitting at 1.06÷1.07 µm with maximum output power 3.0 kW was used in the study. As the substrate for cladding, the mild steel was chosen, while the experimental powder was composed of 7.0 wt. % of molybdenum, 4.0 wt. % of chromium, 2.0 wt. % of tungsten and vanadium, and also 0.8÷1.0 wt. % of carbon. The surface layers were produced at different laser powers and different scanning speeds. The area of the melt pool and the surrounding regions were protected by argon flow. The detailed influence of the heat input of cladding on the geometry of single stringer beads of surface layers was determined. Results of the investigations showed that the microstructure of surface layers is homogeneous and fine-grained with dispersive precipitation of very fine carbides. Hardness of the mild steel substrate is in the range of 120 to 150 HV1, while the hardness in surface layer is significantly increased up to 800 HV1. The produced surface layers are characterized by high quality. No significant imperfections or discontinuity such pores or cracks were found.
Effects of Different Storage Conditions on Mechanical Properties of CAD/CAM Restorative Materials
Authors: Atay DDS, PhD Ayşe , Sağirkaya DDS, PhD Elçin 
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate mechanical properties of six new-generation all-ceramic materials for CAD/CAM (Lava Ultimate [LU], VITA Mark II [VM], InCoris TZI [IC], IPS e.max CAD [EM], VITA Suprinity [VS], IPS Empress CAD [EC]) and two different provisional restoration CAD/CAM materials (Telio CAD [TC], Vita CAD-Temp [VC]) after different storage conditions. 36 bar-shaped samples of 4 mm in width and 14 mm in length with 1.2 mm thicknesses were prepared from each material group (N=288). The specimens from each material were kept under three different storage conditions (n=12): under dry conditions at room temperature; 37°C distilled water for 7 days; and 37°C distilled water for 7 days followed by 10,000 thermal cycles. All specimens were subjected to a 3-point flexural test with a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. The specimens were loaded until failure. Twelve fractured specimens after the flexural test from each group were used for the Vickers hardness test (under 300 gf of loading in 15 seconds). The flexural modulus, flexural strength and Vickers hardness values were separately analyzed with two-way analysis of variance, Tukey’s multiple comparison tests at a significance level of p<0.05. There were statistically significant differences between materials and storage conditions according to flexural modulus, flexural strength and Vickers hardness values (p<0.05). The flexural strength, flexural modulus and Vickers hardness values of LU, VC, TC, VS and IC decreased after water storage followed by thermal cycling (p<0.05). The mechanical properties of provisional restoration CAD/CAM materials had showed a significantly decrease after water storage followed by thermal cycles but their mechanical properties were acceptable for fabrication of provisional restorations. The mechanical properties of VM, EC and EM were not affected by different storage conditions whereas IC and VS were affected.