bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ferromanganese nodules of freshwater reservoirs of Ol’khon Island (Baikal) and the Kulunda Plain (West Siberia)
Authors: Strakhovenko V.D. , Shkol’nik S.I. , Danilenko I.V. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Morphology and mineralogical and geochemical compositions of freshwater ferromanganese nodules of Ol’khon Island (Sasa Formation) and Kulunda Plain (Lake Porozhnee) were studied. The study has shown rhythmic structures of the nodules, formed by macro- and microlayers with mineralized microflora. The layers are composed of either crystalline Mn mineral phases and finely dispersed Fe phases (Lake Porozhnee) or, on the contrary, crystalline goethite and X-ray amorphous Mn phases (Ol’khon Island). Separation of Mn and Fe mineral phases in the nodules proceeded during their formation and diagenesis. The freshwater nodules show both high (Lake Porozhnee) and low (Ol’khon Island) Mn/Fe ratios. The predominance of Fe phase in the Ol’khon nodules accounts for their high contents of REE, including Ce. The Porozhnee nodules grew, most likely, more rapidly, which is reflected in their low REE contents and Ce anomaly. The examined chemical and mineral compositions, textures, and structures of the nodules testify to the low-temperature hydrothermal source of their ore substance.
Geochemistry of ground ice, saline groundwater, and brines in the cryoartesian basins of the northeastern Siberian Platform
Authors: Alekseeva L.P. , Alekseev S.V. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We present results of a comprehensive study of ground ice, saline waters, and brines in the cryoartesian basins of the northeastern Siberian Platform. The composition of major geochemical types of ground ice is considered. The specifics of the hydrogeochemical zonation of the cryoartesian basins are the regional distribution of chloride saline waters and brines. Study of stable isotopes (18O, D, 37Cl, 81Br, and 87Sr/86Sr) led us to the conclusion that the chloride brines resulted either from the leaching of halogen rocks or from the metamorphism of bittern connate water. The drainage brine reserves (hydromineral resources) of the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe in the Olenek cryoartesian basin are assessed.
Noise predictions for a supersonic business jet using advanced take-off procedures
Authors: Berton J. J. , Jones S. M. , Seidel J. A. , Huff D. L. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTSupersonic civil aircraft present a unique noise certification challenge. High specific thrust required for supersonic cruise results in high engine exhaust velocity and high levels of jet noise during take-off. Aerodynamics of thin, low-aspect-ratio wings equipped with relatively simple flap systems deepen the challenge. Advanced noise reduction procedures have been proposed for supersonic aircraft. These procedures promise to reduce certification noise levels, but they may require departures from normal reference procedures defined in noise regulations. The subject of this article is a take-off performance and noise assessment of a notional supersonic business jet. Analytical models of an airframe and a supersonic engine derived from a contemporary subsonic turbofan core are developed. These models are used to predict take-off trajectories and certification noise levels. Results indicate advanced take-off procedures are helpful in reducing noise along lateral sidelines.
Effect of Cerebral Perfusion Pressure on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Thiara Sonny , Griesdale Donald E. , Henderson William R. , Sekhon Mypinder S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground:Increased cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)>70 mmHg has been associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Since this reported association, significant changes in ventilation strategies and fluid management have been accepted as routine critical care. Recently, individualized perfusion targets using autoregulation monitoring suggest CPP titration>70 mmHg. Given these clinical advances, the association between ARDS and increased CPP requires further delineation.Objective:To determine the association between ARDS and increased CPP after TBI.Methods:We conducted a single-center historical cohort study investigating the association of increased CPP and ARDS after TBI. We collected demographic data and physiologic data for CPP, intracranial pressure, mechanical ventilation, cumulative fluid balance and delta/driving pressure (ΔP). We collected outcomes measures pertaining to duration of ventilation, intensive care unit admission length, hospitalization length and 6-month neurological outcome.Results:In total, 113 patients with severe TBI and multimodal neuromonitoring were included. In total, 16 patients (14%) developed ARDS according to the Berlin definition. There was no difference in the mean CPP during the first 7 days of admission between patients who developed ARDS (74 mmHg SD 18 vs. 73 mmHg SD 18,p=0.86) versus those who did not. Patients who developed ARDS had a higher ΔP (15 mmHg [5] vs. 12 mmHg [4],p=0.016) and lower lung compliance (35 ml/cmH2O [10] vs. 49 ml/cmH2O [18],p=0.024) versus those who did not.Conclusion:We did not observe an association between increased CPP and ARDS. Patients with ARDS had higher ΔP and lower lung compliance.
Setting Targets for Emergency Preparedness for a Jurisdiction’s Whole Health Care System: The Approach Taken by New York City’s Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
Authors: Pruitt Dennis Darrin , Gunay Erkan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThere is little existing in the literature that provides a definition of readiness for a jurisdiction’s whole health care system. As defining readiness at the system level has proven to be challenging, an approach that provides a framework for planning and measuring health care readiness with broad utility is needed. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) devised the Readiness Target Project. Nine areas or dimensions of readiness emerged from this work. Through focus groups and feedback from hospital stakeholders DOHMH developed a matrix of readiness areas outlining current state, target state, gaps, and recommendations to achieve readiness. The matrix is in use as a systematic approach to discover and close gaps in the readiness of the whole health care system and to provide that system a locally valid framework to drive continuous improvement. This paper describes a framework for planning and determining the status of health care readiness at the system level for the jurisdiction. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:759-764))
Hospital-Onset MRSA Bacteremia Rates Are Significantly Correlated With Sociodemographic Factors: A Step Toward Risk Adjustment
Authors: Freeman Joshua T. , Blakiston Matthew R. , Anderson Deverick J. 
Published: February 2018

The correlations between census-derived sociodemographic variables and hospital-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (HO-MRSAB) rates were examined at the US state level. On multivariable analysis, only percent African American remained statistically significant. This finding highlights an important disparity and suggests that risk adjustment is needed when comparing HO-MRSAB rates among US states.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:479–481
Les Québécois perçoivent-ils le français montréalais comme une variete topolectale distincte ? Résultats d’une analyse perceptuelle exploratoire
Authors: Remysen Wim 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGiven its status as the social, economic, and cultural center of Quebec, the metropolitan area of Montreal plays a rather important role with respect to the sociolinguistic dynamics of the province as a whole. For instance, certain changes that have affected Quebec French over time are believed to have appeared in Montreal before having spread to other regions of the province. Such a scenario entails that Quebeckers perceive certain linguistic features as being part of Montreal French — sometimes without even being aware of it — and that these dialect markers take on social values that are prone to their further diffusion. This article aims to look further into this hypothesis by presenting the results of an exploratory dialect identification task. The perceptual test is part of a research program whose scope is to study the distribution of nasal vowels in Montreal French in general and that of the nasal vowel /ã/ in particular.
Hybridité et variation dans les SMS : Le corpus Texto4Science et l’oralité en français montréalais
Authors: Blondeau Hélène , Tremblay Mireille , Drouin Patrick 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article presents an analysis of a Montreal French corpus of text messages and considers the link between text messaging, and both spoken and written language. This corpus is part of a larger corpus of text messages sent by mobile phone (Texto4-Science). Our study focuses on two morphosyntactic variables for which an important sociostylistic variation has been reported in Montreal French: the alternation between the strong pronounsnous/nous autres ‘we/us’ (as non clitics), and between the subject cliticson/nous ‘we’. Their comparison in the text messages corpus and in spoken corpora shows that while text messages tend to approximate spoken language, they are not a perfect reflection of it. Generally, the hybridity of text messages can be conceived in the following manner: text messages obey a double standard (spoken and orthographic) and allow for occasional transgressions (formal markers associated with the written language and nonstandard spelling reflecting the spoken language).
À chacun son tour: analyse comparative des styles conversationnels des néerlandophones et des francophones de Belgique dans des débats télévisés
Authors: Tobback Els 
Published: February 2018

RésuméCet article propose une analyse comparée des styles conversationnels des néerlandophones et des francophones de Belgique tels qu'ils se présentent dans déux debats télévisés comparables diffusés sur les deux chaînes de télévision publiques beiges (l'une néerlandophone, l'autre francophone). L'étude des marqueurs discursifs fonctionnant comme «ouvreurs» ainsi que I'étude de la gestion des tours de parole, et notamment des chevauchements, font apparaître un style plus pondéré pour les néerlandophones et aussi plus hésitant et plus consensuel que le style francophone, les données pour le français confirmant ainsi ce qui a déjà été observé pour le style conversationnel des locuteurs franàais (de France).
Truncation to Subminimal Words in Early French
Authors: Demuth Katherine , Johnson Mark 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIt has commonly been proposed that there is a stage in development where children’s early productions are binary feet, or minimal words. However, the present study of a French-speaking child (1;1–1;8) finds an extended period where both CVC and disyllabic target words are truncated to CV after initially being produced as reduplicated CiVCiV forms. That is, the child appears to regress, failing to produce disyllabic forms that could be produced earlier. This article proposes an explanation for this apparent regression in terms of segmental-prosodic constraint interaction, where the child’s limited segmental inventory, in conjunction with the high frequency of CV lexical items in everyday French, conspire to yield subminimal truncations as “optimal” at this stage in development. These findings provide support for a growing body of literature showing the importance of both constraint interaction and frequency effects in early production, arguing for a more probabilistic approach to theories of language learning.
Lexical Suffixes and the Position of Proto-Wakashan within the Northwest Coast Linguistic Area
Authors: Fortescue Michael 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIt is argued that the numerous “restrictive” lexical suffixes typifying the Wakashan languages today actually represent the result of influence from neighbouring Salishan languages. The evidence for this lies in their fluctuating status as lexical head or dependent within Wakashan as opposed to their typological normalcy in Salishan (where they simply modify the stem, the lexical head). A historical framework is suggested that would explain this and a number of other divergences from typological expectations in Wakashan, namely a development from an earlier SOV (dependent-head) stage to VSO order under areal influence. From this perspective, the “governing” suffixes of the Wakashan languages (with no counterpart in Salishan) are in the expected order vis-à-vis dependent stems. This has a bearing on the contribution to the Northwest Coast areal mix made by individual languages in — or moving into — the area in prehistoric times.
Deictic Features of Demonstratives: A Typological Survey with Special Reference to the Miao Group
Authors: Gerner Matthias 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article is centred on the concept of the deictic feature embedded in demonstratives. A principled taxonomy of deictic features attested cross-linguistically is proposed, with the aim of being as comprehensive as possible. The list of deictic features previously identified is greatly expanded to include 15 features, with which 52 deictic values are associated. The morphological strategies for encoding deictic features in demonstratives are also examined. Three techniques are identified: (i) isolating; (ii) agglutinative or serial; and (iii) inflectional encoding. A number of the deictic features discussed in this article, along with their morphological realization strategies, are illustrated with data from the Miao Group of languages, spoken in the People’s Republic of China.
A Level Playing-Field: Perceptibility and Inflection in English Compounds
Authors: Kirchner Robert , Nicoladis Elena 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTo explain why English compounds generally avoid internal inflectional suffixation (e.g., key-chain rather than keys-chain), linguists have often invoked the Level Ordering Hypothesis, that is, that particular types of morphology, in this case inflectional suffixation, are derivationally ordered after compounding. However, a broad range of counter-examples and conceptual objections to Level Ordering have emerged. We propose an alternative account, based on the observation that certain English inflectional suffixes are more perceptible than others (-ing > -s > -ed), and that these suffixes are less crucial to lexical access and recovery of meaning than corresponding root-final segments. This proposal was tested in perception and production experiments. In the perception experiment, compounds with a nonsense word as modifier (e.g., dacks van, dacked van) were auditorily presented to native English speakers, who were asked to spell what they heard. The participants omitted significantly more -ed than -s or -ing. In the production experiment, native English speakers read these compounds. The speakers dropped significantly more -ed than -s or -ing. Furthermore, they dropped more of these sounds when they were spelled as affixes than as part of the root (e.g., dacked van vs. dact van). These results suggest that English speakers’ avoidance or inclusion of inflection in compounds is based not on Level Ordering but on perceptibility, as well as the status of the consonant as an affix. We further present a formal analysis capturing these factors in terms of Steriade’s Licensing-by-Cue proposal.
Morphologie gabaritique et apophonie dans un langage secret féminin (taqjmit) en berbère tachelhit
Authors: Lahrouchi Mohamed , Ségéral Philippe 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper presents original data from Taqjmit, a secret language in Tashelhiyt Berber which is used by women in Southern Morocco. The main principle underlying word formation in this secret language can be stated as follows:to disguise a word, say it twice in one word. It is proposed that only root consonants are kept in the disguised forms, that the repetition isstrictinsofar as any element in the disguised form is uttered only twice, and that the way the repetition is performed (gemination and reduplication) results from the use of a fixed-shape template, containing a derivational site of the form CV. As for vowel melody, which is invariant, it follows a uniform apophonic path, found in many languages (including Tashelhiyt Berber), and used here without any grammatical motivation.
Individual variation in English flaps and taps: A case of categorical phonetics
Authors: Derrick Donald , Gick Bryan 
Published: February 2018

AbstarctThis article questions the view that phonetics governs exclusively gradient phenomena. Experimental data from an ultrasound study of English flap allophones show unconditioned categorical variation in the production of everyday words. Individual variation is discussed as an essential area of empirical investigation in uncovering emergent categorical properties of language.
Transitive be perfect : An experimental study of Canadian English
Authors: Yerastov Yuri 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article investigates exemplars of the transitivebeperfect in Canadian English, such asI am done dinnerandI am finished my homework. I report on an experimental study of acceptability judgments of this construction, given by speakers of Canadian English primarily recruited from the Calgary area. I claim that the construction [be doneNP] is characterized by preference for the animacy of the subject, preference for definiteness of the direct object, open-endedness of the direct object slot, and limited variability of the participle. I conclude that [be doneNP] is a partially schematic construction that is close to a “prefab”.
Native dialect effects in non-native production: Cuban and Peninsular learners of English
Authors: Marinescu Irina 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study investigates how learners with distinct native dialects, Cuban (CS) and Peninsular Spanish (PS), produce the English vowels æ, Λ, a/. Experiment 1 compares the native vowels along several acoustic parameters to determine the extent of the cross-dialectal differences, and Experiment 2 assesses the differences in L2 production of the same speakers who are also advanced learners of English. More fronted and shorter vowels are predicted for PS versus CS. As such, L2 /æ, A, a/ are expected to be more fronted in the interlanguage of PS learners as compared to CS learners. Dialect-specific patterns of assimilation are highlighted. PS learners produce æ, Λ, a/ with good spectral differences but with no duration differences whereas for CS learners /Λ, a/ overlap spectrally but are realized with different durations. Differences found in L2 production are caused by the conjoint effect of the native dialect, the input, and the learning experience.
Fragments, ellipsis, and PF-repair: New evidence from Indonesian
Authors: Sato Yosuke 
Published: February 2018

Merchant (2004) proposes that a fragmentary response like the one in (1b) to the question in (1a) is derived from its full-fledged sentential counterpart in (1c).(1) a.Who did she see?b.[DPJohn]c.[TPShe saw John] (Merchant 2004:673)
Harmonic Scales as Faithfulness
Authors: Howe Darin , Pulleyblank Douglas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOptimality Theory predicts that harmonic scales can be encoded in grammar in one of two ways: either as markedeness hierarchies or else as faithfulness hierarchies. Although most current researchers assume that harmony is encoded as markedness, many investigators have argued that some harmonic relations are better captured as faithfulness hierarchies that prevent the deletion or insertion of less harmonic elements. We demonstrate that at least two perceptually-motivated harmonic scales — notably relative vowel height as well as consonant glottalisation — need to be encoded in the grammar as faithfulness hierarchies which require that more harmonic elements, which are also more perceptible, are more faithfully adhered to. Ourharmony-as-faithfulnessanalysis captures the fact that the same elements which undergo deletion also undergo insertion.
Descriptive relative clauses in Austro-Bavarian German
Authors: Wiltschko Martina 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article discusses the syntactic and semantic properties of descriptive relative clauses, a type of relative clause discussed in the literature on Chinese. It is argued that descriptive relative clauses are found in the dialect of Upper Austria, a version of Bavarian German. In particular this dialect has a set of reduced definite articles that are used for discourse referents that are intrinsically uniquely identifiable, as a matter of world knowledge. As such, they cannot be restricted by a relative clause, where restriction is taken to exclude alternatives. Such DPs can, however, be modified by descriptive relative clauses. I propose that descriptive relative clauses attach to NP while restrictive relative clauses attach tonP. Thus, the article contributes to determining whether there are different relative clauses associated with different layers of projections in the nominal domain.
Palatalization and “strongi” across Inuit dialects
Authors: Compton Richard , Dresher B. Elan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractInuit dialects with palatalization all distinguish between “strongi” and “weaki”: instances of surface [i] that cause palatalization and those that do not, respectively. All dialects that have completely lost this contrast also lack palatalization. Why are there no /i, a, u/ dialects in which all instances of surface [i] trigger palatalization? We propose that this typological gap can be explained using a contrastivist analysis whereby only contrastive features can be phonologically active, palatalization is triggered by [coronal], and contrastive features are assigned in an order placing [low] and [labial] ahead of [coronal]. In a three-vowel inventory only [low] and [labial] are contrastive, while in the four-vowel inventory [coronal] must also be contrastive to distinguish strong and weaki.It follows from these assumptions that [i] can trigger palatalization only if it is in contrast with a fourth vowel.
Turning the Tide in Acadian Nova Scotia: How Heritage Tourism is Changing Language Practices and Representations of Language
Authors: Boudreau Annette , White Chantal 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDrawn from ethnographic data collected in a small coastal village on Cape Breton Island, where tourism-related industries are emerging in response to the deep sea fishing crisis that hit the area in the early 1980s, this analysis focusses on the effects of tourism on linguistic practices and representations. It is argued that these effects are not without consequence on the way French-speakers in the region (re)construct their identity.Increased contact with outsiders leads to two seemingly contradictory tendencies: differentiation and standardization. These two strategies exert a marked influence on the social structure of the Acadian community. In this particular case, speakers must constantly negotiate an equilibrium between the desire to assert their specificity through discriminating traits that showcase their linguistic as well as cultural differences, on the one hand, and their need to communicate with a broader audience, on the other, the latter entailing a certain degree of linguistic standardization. This analysis focusses on how these speakers manage to perform this balancing act between differentiation and standardization.