bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Color–Metallicity Relations of Globular Clusters. VIII. Reproducing Color Distributions of Individual Globular Cluster Systems in the Virgo and Fornax Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Lee Sang-Yoon , Chung Chul , Yoon Suk-Jin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The color distributions of globular clusters (GCs) in individual early-type galaxies show great diversity in their morphology. Based on the conventional “linear” relationship between the colors and metallicities of GCs, the GC metallicity distributions inferred from colors and in turn their formation histories, should be as diverse as they appear. In contrast, here we show that an alternative scenario rooted in the “nonlinear” nature of the metallicity-to-color transformation points to a simpler and more coherent picture. Our simulations of the color distributions for ∼80 GC systems in early-type galaxies from the ACS Virgo and Fornax Cluster Surveys suggest that the majority (∼70%) of early-type galaxies have old (∼13 Gyr) and coeval GCs. Their variety in the color distribution morphology stems mainly from one parameter, the mean metallicity of a GC system. Furthermore, the color distributions of the remaining (∼30%) GC systems are also explained by the nonlinearity scenario, assuming additional young or intermediate-age GCs with a number fraction of ∼20% of underlying old GCs. Our results reinforce the nonlinearity explanation for the GC color bimodality and provide a new perspective on early-type galaxy formation in the cluster environment, such as the Virgo and Fornax galaxy clusters.
Systematically Measuring Ultra-diffuse Galaxies (SMUDGes). I. Survey Description and First Results in the Coma Galaxy Cluster and Environs
Authors: Zaritsky Dennis , Donnerstein Richard , Dey Arjun , Kadowaki Jennifer , Zhang 张华 Huanian 年 , Karunakaran Ananthan , Martínez-Delgado David , Rahman Mubdi , Spekkens Kristine 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We present a homogeneous catalog of 275 large (effective radius ≳5.″3) ultra-diffuse galaxy (UDG) candidates lying within an ≈290 square degree region surrounding the Coma Cluster. The catalog results from our automated postprocessing of data from the Legacy Surveys, a three-band imaging survey covering 14,000 square degrees of the extragalactic sky. We describe a pipeline that identifies UDGs and provides their basic parameters. The survey is as complete in these large UDGs as previously published UDG surveys of the central region of the Coma Cluster. We conclude that the majority of our detections are at roughly the distance of the Coma Cluster, implying effective radii ≥2.5 kpc, and that our sample contains a significant number of analogs of DF44, where the effective radius exceeds 4 kpc, both within the cluster and in the surrounding field. The g − z color of our UDGs spans a large range, suggesting that even large UDGs may reflect a range of formation histories. A majority of the UDGs are consistent with being lower stellar mass analogs of red sequence galaxies, but we find both red and blue UDG candidates in the vicinity of the Coma Cluster and a relative overabundance of blue UDG candidates in the lower-density environments and the field. Our eventual processing of the full Legacy Surveys data will produce the largest, most homogeneous sample of large UDGs.
A Comprehensive Bayesian Discrimination of the Simple Stellar Population Model, Star Formation History, and Dust Attenuation Law in the Spectral Energy Distribution Modeling of Galaxies
Authors: Han Yunkun , Han Zhanwen 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
When modeling and interpreting the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of galaxies, the simple stellar population (SSP) model, star formation history (SFH), and dust attenuation law (DAL) are three of the most important components. However, each of them carries significant uncertainties that have seriously limited our ability to reliably recover the physical properties of galaxies from the analysis of their SEDs. In this paper, we present a Bayesian framework to deal with these uncertain components simultaneously. Based on the Bayesian evidence, a quantitative implement of the principle of Occam’s razor, the method allows a more objective and quantitative discrimination among the different assumptions about these uncertain components. With a Ks
-selected sample of 5467 low-redshift (mostly with z ≲ 1) galaxies in the COSMOS/UltraVISTA field and classified into passively evolving galaxies (PEGs) and star-forming galaxies (SFGs) with the UVJ diagram, we present a Bayesian discrimination of a set of 16 SSP models from five research groups (BC03 and CB07, M05, GALEV, Yunnan-II, BPASS V2.0), five forms of SFH (Burst, Constant, Exp-dec, Exp-inc, Delayed-τ), and four kinds of DAL (Calzetti law, MW, LMC, SMC). We show that the results obtained with the method are either obvious or understandable in the context of stellar/galaxy physics. We conclude that the Bayesian model comparison method, especially that for a sample of galaxies, is very useful for discriminating the different assumptions in the SED modeling of galaxies. The new version of the BayeSED code, which is used in this work, is publicly available at https://bitbucket.org/hanyk/bayesed/.
The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Program (DSHARP). VIII. The Rich Ringed Substructures in the AS 209 Disk
Authors: Guzmán Viviana V. , Huang Jane , Andrews Sean M. , Isella Andrea , Pérez Laura M. , Carpenter John M. , Dullemond Cornelis P. , Ricci Luca , Birnstiel Tilman , Zhang Shangjia , Zhu Zhaohuan , Bai Xue-Ning , Benisty Myriam , Öberg Karin I. , Wilner David J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We present a detailed analysis of the high angular resolution (0.″037, corresponding to 5 au) observations of the 1.25 mm continuum and 12CO 2 − 1 emission from the disk around the T Tauri star AS 209. AS 209 hosts one of the most unusual disks from the Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project sample, the first high angular resolution Atacama Large Millimeter Array survey of disks, as nearly all of the emission can be explained with concentric Gaussian rings. In particular, the dust emission consists of a series of narrow and closely spaced rings in the inner ∼60 au, two well-separated bright rings in the outer disk, centered at 74 and 120 au, and at least two fainter emission features at 90 and 130 au. We model the visibilities with a parametric representation of the radial surface brightness profile, consisting of a central core and seven concentric Gaussian rings. Recent hydrodynamical simulations of low-viscosity disks show that super-Earth planets can produce the multiple gaps seen in AS 209 millimeter continuum emission. The 12CO line emission is centrally peaked and extends out to ∼300 au, much farther than the millimeter dust emission. We find axisymmetric, localized deficits of CO emission around four distinct radii, near 45, 75, 120, and 210 au. The outermost gap is located well beyond the edge of the millimeter dust emission, and therefore cannot be due to dust opacity and must be caused by a genuine CO surface density reduction, due either to chemical effects or depletion of the overall gas content.
The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). VI. Dust Trapping in Thin-ringed Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Dullemond Cornelis P. , Birnstiel Tilman , Huang Jane , Kurtovic Nicolás T. , Andrews Sean M. , Guzmán Viviana V. , Pérez Laura M. , Isella Andrea , Zhu Zhaohuan , Benisty Myriam , Wilner David J. , Bai Xue-Ning , Carpenter John M. , Zhang Shangjia , Ricci Luca 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A large fraction of the protoplanetary disks observed with ALMA display multiple well-defined and nearly perfectly circular rings in the continuum, in many cases with substantial peak-to-valley contrast. The DSHARP campaign shows that several of these rings are very narrow in radial extent. In this Letter we test the hypothesis that these dust rings are caused by dust trapping in radial pressure bumps, and if confirmed, put constraints on the physics of the dust trapping mechanism. We model this process analytically in 1D, assuming axisymmetry. By comparing this model to the data, we find that all rings are consistent with dust trapping. Based on a plausible model of the dust temperature we find that several rings are narrower than the pressure scale height, providing strong evidence for dust trapping. The rings have peak absorption optical depth in the range between 0.2 and 0.5. The dust masses stored in each of these rings is of the order of tens of Earth masses, though much ambiguity remains due to the uncertainty of the dust opacities. The dust rings are dense enough to potentially trigger the streaming instability, but our analysis cannot give proof of this mechanism actually operating. Our results show, however, that the combination of very low

and very large grains

can be excluded by the data for all the rings studied in this Letter.
Effect of Iris Registration on Outcomes of LASIK for Myopia With the VISX CustomVue Platform
Authors: Moshirfar Majid , Chen Michael C. , Espandar Ladan , Meyer Jay J. , Christensen Dan , Christiansen Steve M. , Dave Sonal B. , Bedke Brent , Kurz Christopher 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
To compare visual outcomes after LASIK using the VISX STAR S4 CustomVue, with and without Iris Registration technology.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, LASIK was performed on 239 myopic eyes, with or without astigmatism, of 142 patients. Iris registration LASIK was performed on 121 eyes and non-iris registration LASIK was performed on 118 eyes. Primary outcome measures were uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), and manifest refraction.

Results:

At 6 months, the mean values for UCVA (logMAR) were 0.00±0.09 in the iris registration group and −0.01±0.11 in the non-iris registration group (
P
=.587). Seventy-nine percent of eyes in the iris registration group had UCVA of 20/20 or better compared to 78% in the non-iris registration group (
P
=.518). Ninety-two percent of eyes in the iris registration group and 90% in the non-iris registration group were within ±0.50 diopters (D) of emmetropia (
P
=.999). Mean postoperative absolute change in total root-mean-square higher order aberrations in the iris registration group and non-iris registration group was 0.22 µm and 0.19 µm, respectively (
P
=.6). At 3 months, the mean magnitude of error of surgically induced astigmatism was −0.09 in the iris registration group and −0.04 in the non-iris registration group (
P
=.25).

Conclusions:

Wavefront-guided LASIK with the VISX STAR S4 CustomVue laser system, independent of iris registration status, is effective, safe, and predictable. Under well-controlled surgical conditions, this study did not find any statistical significance supporting the better achievement of visual acuity, astigmatism correction, or the lesser induction of higher order aberrations using iris registration in comparison to a non-iris registration system. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:493–502.]
Contrast Sensitivity Evaluation of Aspheric and Spherical Intraocular Lenses 2 Years After Implantation
Authors: Caporossi Aldo , Casprini Fabrizio , Martone Gianluca , Balestrazzi Angelo , Tosi Gian Marco , Ciompi Leonardo 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
To compare the quality of vision with aspheric and spherical intraocular lenses (IOLs) in pseudophakic patients after long-term follow-up.

Methods:
Two hundred eyes of 100 patients with bilateral cataracts were randomly assigned to receive spherical (Acrysof SN60AT [Alcon Laboratories Inc] or Sensar AR40e [Advanced Medical Optics Inc]) or aspheric IOLs (Acrysof SN60WF [Alcon] or Tecnis Z9000 [Advanced Medical Optics]). Ophthalmologic examination, including best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), pupil size, ocular dominance, contrast sensitivity under mesopic and photopic conditions, and wavefront analysis, was performed 2 months and 1 and 2 years after surgery.

Results:

No statistically significant differences among the four groups in terms of age, pupil diameter, postoperative BSCVA, corneal spherical aberration, and posterior capsular opacification were noted. At all followup examinations, contrast sensitivity results showed no significant differences between the two aspheric IOLs at all spatial frequencies. Under photopic conditions, significant differences (
P
<.05) between spherical and aspheric IOLs were detected for spatial frequencies of 12 and 18 cycles per degree (cpd) at 2 months and 2 years and 12 cpd at 1 year. Under mesopic conditions, significant differences (
P
<.05) were detected between spherical and aspheric IOLs for all spatial frequencies at 2 months; all spatial frequencies except 18 cpd at 1 year; and spatial frequencies of 3, 12, and 18 cpd at 2 years. In addition, aspheric IOLs had statistical reductions in total spherical aberration at all follow-up examinations (
P
<.01).

Conclusions:

This study confirms that implantation of a modified aspheric IOL improves functional visual performance at 2 years postoperative. [
J Refract Surg.
2009;25:578–590.]
Corneal Epithelial Thickness Profile in the Diagnosis of Keratoconus
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Archer Timothy J. , Gobbe Marine 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
To illustrate the hypothesis that epithelial thickness profile maps could be used as an adjunctive tool to improve the sensitivity and specificity of keratoconus screening by presenting a case series of examples.

Methods:
The Artemis very high-frequency digital ultrasound arc-scanner was used to obtain epithelial thickness profiles in addition to a comprehensive ophthalmic examination to screen for keratoconus. Five case examples are presented; a normal eye, an eye with advanced keratoconus, and three cases where a diagnosis of keratoconus was uncertain based only on the ophthalmic examination.

Results:
The epithelial thickness profile in the normal eye was slightly thinner superiorly, consistent with that previously described for a normal population. The keratoconic eye demonstrated an epithelial doughnut pattern of epithelial thinning over the cone surrounded by an annulus of epithelial thickening. In case 1, an epithelial doughnut pattern confirmed the presence of keratoconus in an eye with an abnormal front surface topography. In case 2, the absence of an epithelial doughnut pattern excluded a diagnosis of keratoconus in a patient with an abnormal front surface topography. In case 3, the presence of an epithelial doughnut pattern coincident with an eccentric posterior elevation best-fit sphere indicated a diagnosis of keratoconus. The epithelium appeared to have compensated for the stromal surface cone, resulting in an apparently normal front surface topography.

Conclusions:

An epithelial doughnut pattern appears to indicate the presence of an underlying stromal cone; the lack of an epithelial doughnut pattern would indicate that an abnormal topography was not due to keratoconus. In very early keratoconus, epithelial compensation can mask the presence of an underlying cone on front surface topography, ie, a diagnosis of keratoconus might be missed. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:604–610.]
Controlled Molar Inclination during Maxillary Dental Expansion Using a Straight Rectangular Archwire
Authors: Pattanaviriyapisan Chanchai , Charoemratrote Chairat , Thongudomporn Udom 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine whether the amount of transversal dental expansion, controlled using a straight rectangular beta-titanium alloy (TMA®) wire, has an influence on changes in maxillary first molar inclination.

Materials and Methods
Twenty patients requiring bilateral maxillary dental arch expansion were treated using a 0.018”-slot preadjusted edge-wise fixed appliance. Once leveled and aligned, the maxillary dental arches were expanded using a 0.016” × 0.022” straight TMA® wire. Changes in arch width and maxillary first molar inclination were assessed before (T0) and after (T1) expansion using three-dimensional scanned models. Mann–Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Kruskal–Wallis test were used, where appropriate, to compare changes between and within groups.

Results
Intermolar width expanded at a rate of 0.8 ± 0.3 mm/month, and first molar buccal crown tipping occurred at 2.1° ± 1.2° (P < 0.05). Changes in inclination between minor expansion (1.0–2.5 mm) and moderate expansion (2.6–4.0 mm) groups were not statistically significant (1.8 ± 0.5 vs. 2.2 ± 1.2; P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Use of a straight rectangular TMA® wire in conjunction with a fixed orthodontic appliance successfully expanded the maxillary dental arch. The amount of expansion had no effect on molar inclination.
Orthodontists and Orthodontic Residents’ Education: Effect on Professional Attitudes and Behavior
Authors: Bhad Wasundhara Ashok 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionDental education aims at shaping the future professional behavior of their students, thus contributing to reduce oral health disparities and increasing care for the society.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to access the perception of the quality classroom-, clinic-, and community-based orthodontic postgraduate education devoted to the management of cleft lip palate cases, surgical orthodontic cases, and growth modification casesNull HypothesisNo relationship exists between the quality of postgraduate dental education and professional attitude and behavior in providing care to cleft lip palate cases, surgical orthodontic cases, and growth modification cases.Materials and Methods:A total of 200 active members were involved. The first group included approximately 100 residents of Central India and the second group consisted of approximately 100 active orthodontists of Central India. The questionnaire was given to each group about the different clinical condition. Answers were given on 5-point scale to access the professional attitude and behavior.ConclusionsThe finding of this study challenges administrators about the postgraduate dental program in the specialty of orthodontics and reflects the degree to which this education contributes to the orthodontic health of the society.
Regenerating Regeneration: augmented reality and new models of minor architectural heritage reuse
Authors: Baratta Adolfo F.L. , Finucci Fabrizio , Magarò Antonio 
Published: December 2018

<p>The paper presents the first results of an interdisciplinary research conducted by the Department of Architecture of Roma Tre University aimed at developing guidelines for enhancement of minor architectural heritage, urban and suburban. The research evaluates the creation of a widespread museum that exploit cultural dissemination technologies in augmented reality. The economic crisis, not yet overcome, leads to rethink urban development and heritage conservation, reorienting design towards techniques and practices of reuse. These strategies represent one of the most effective ways to enhance and protect the minor architectural heritage, often protagonist of degradation and abandonment. It seems necessary that the architectural heritage protection has been articulated through contemporaneity, adapting itself to the age of Information Communication Technology. In addition to the architectural heritage, strictly intended as a monument, Italy has a complex system of goods well explained, in the broadest sense, as "minor architectural heritage ". This approach makes possible to identify the Italian Historical Cities as a new category of widespread heritage to be protected. Consequently, it emerges the need to put aside the discretization in punctual assets, approaching an entire system of architectural goods, characterized by a high degree of complexity. Valuing the latter in a sustainable way also passes through new technologies as augmented reality.</p>
Analysis of Errors Made by First Year Secondary School Students in Writing English Sentences: A Case Study of Libyan EFL Students
Authors: Mehdi Mohamed Farhat 
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study is to identify, classify and explain the reasons behind the written errors and difficulties encountered by First Year Secondary School Students, Al-Jufra Region, Libya. A random sample of students and teachers is selected. The sample is thirty students and ten teachers. The data is collected through three tools: written task by students and two questionnaires; one for the teachers and one for the students. The data is analyzed by using a descriptive method. The findings reveal that First Year Secondary School Students encounter difficulties in writing English sentences including verb tense and form, subject verb agreement, word order, prepositions, articles, plurality and auxiliaries. It is also revealed that students are not motivated enough to engage into written activities. These writing errors are mainly due to first language (L1) interference. The study concludes with some recommendations that will help First Year Secondary School Students to minimize their writing difficulties.
A Play of Bodies
Authors: Keogh Brendan 
Published: December 2018

An investigation of the embodied engagement between the playing body and the videogame: how player and game incorporate each other.
Our bodies engage with videogames in complex and fascinating ways. Through an entanglement of eyes-on-screens, ears-at-speakers, and muscles-against-interfaces, we experience games with our senses. But, as Brendan Keogh argues in A Play of Bodies, this corporal engagement goes both ways; as we touch the videogame, it touches back, augmenting the very senses with which we perceive. Keogh investigates this merging of actual and virtual bodies and worlds, asking how our embodied sense of perception constitutes, and becomes constituted by, the phenomenon of videogame play. In short, how do we perceive videogames?
Keogh works toward formulating a phenomenology of videogame experience, focusing on what happens in the embodied engagement between the playing body and the videogame, and anchoring his analysis in an eclectic series of games that range from mainstream to niche titles. Considering smartphone videogames, he proposes a notion of co-attentiveness to understand how players can feel present in a virtual world without forgetting that they are touching a screen in the actual world. He discusses the somatic basis of videogame play, whether games involve vigorous physical movement or quietly sitting on a couch with a controller; the sometimes overlooked visual and audible pleasures of videogame experience; and modes of temporality represented by character death, failure, and repetition. Finally, he considers two metaphorical characters: the “hacker,” representing the hegemonic, masculine gamers concerned with control and configuration; and the “cyborg,” less concerned with control than with embodiment and incorporation.