bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pembuatan Plastik Kemasan Terbiodegradasikan Dari Polipropylena Tergrafting Anhidrid Maleat dengan Bahan Pengisi Pati Sagu Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Matondang Tuty Dwi Sriaty , Wirjosentono Basuki , Yunus Darwin 
Published: November 2018

Abstrak Pati sagu kelapa sawit mempunyai potensi yang besar untuk dijadikan filler pada pembuatan bahan kemasan terbiodegradasikan dari polypropylena tergrafting maleat anhidrida. Pati sagu kelapa sawit dapat diekstraksi dari batang kelapa sawit . Grafting polypropylena dengan maleat anhidrida dilakukan dengan metode refluks dari 1 g maleat anhidrida, 0,1 g BPO, 10 g polypropylene dengan xylene sebagai pelarut. Campuran polypropylena tergrafting maleat anhidrida dan pati sagu kelapa sawit dilakukan dengan metode kempa tekan pada temperatur 1700C selama 20 menit dengan variasi polypropylena tergrafting maleat anhidrida dan pati sagu kelapa sawit adalah (99,5: 0,5), (99:1), (98:2), (97:3), ( 96:4) (%b/b) dan tapioka komersil sebagai pembanding dengan variasi (99,5:0,5), (99:1), (99:2) (%b/b). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan campuran dengan perbandingan (97:3) adalah yang paling optimum dimana tensil strenght 16,010 N/m2; elongation et break 8,593% sedangkan pada perbandingan (98:2) harga elongation et break hampir sam dengan harga elongation et break tapioka komersil sebagai pembanding yaitu 3,1875% dan 3,847%. Menurut persyaratan kemasan terbiodegradasikan SNI 7188.7:2011 campuran yang berisi termoplastik, pati alami tidak mengandung prodegradant dan harga elongation et break kurang dari 5% dapat dipakai untuk bahan pembuatan plastik kemasan terbiodegradasikan . Penelitian ini didukung oleh Uji SEM, Uji DTA, Uji FTIR dan Uji kemampuan terurai di alam.Uji SEM, Uji DTA, Uji FTIR dan Uji kemampuan terurai dialam. Kata kunci : kemasan biodegradable, grafting polypropylena, pati dari batang kelapa sawit Abstract Palm sago starch has a big potential to be filler for biodegradable packaging material. Starch of palm sago starch can be extracted of the oil palm trunk. Grafted polypropylena with maleic unhidride by refluks method from 1g maleic unhidride, 0,1 g BPO and 10 g polypropylena with xylene as solvent made PP-g-MA. Mixed between PP-g-MA and PSKS (starch of the oil palm trunkl) with cross clamp method at temperatures 1700C for 20 minutes with variation PP-g-MA and PSKS were (99,5:0,5), (99:1), (98:2), (97:3), (96:4), (%w/w). As a comparison Shanghai brand commercial Tapioca with comparative variation (99,5:0,5) (99:1), (99:2) (%w/w). The reseach yield show that biodegradable packaging PP-g-MA and PSKS (97:3) the most optimum in mechanical characteritic; tensile strenght 16,010N/m2, elongation et break 8,5937%. At the comparison (98:2) tensil strenght 6,9410 N/m2, elongation et break 3,1875% same with tapioca commercial. According to biodegradable packaging requirement ISO 7188.7:2011 mixture containing thermoplastic, starch and elongation et break less than 5% can be used a raw material of plastic biodegradable. The research supported by SEM test, DTA test, FTIR test and Biodegradale test. Keywords : Biodegradable packaging, Grafting Polypropylena, Starch of the oil palm trunk
Sintesis Satu Langkah Senyawa Oksotrinuklir dengan Terminal Ligan Piridin [Ru3O(OOCC6H5)6(C5H5N)3]ClO4
Authors: Lesbani Aldes , Mohadi Risfidian , Eliza Eliza 
Published: November 2018

Abstrak Telah disintesis senyawa oksotrinuklir dengan terminal ligan piridin [Ru3O(OOCC6H5)6(C5H5N)3]ClO4. Senyawa oksotrinuklir hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer FT-IR dan spektrometer massa. Hasil identifikasi dengan spektrofotometer FT-IR menunjukkan senyawa oksotrinuklir hasil sintesis memiliki vibrasi khas pada bilangan gelombang 698 cm-1. Pengukuran menggunakan spektrometer massa menkonfirmasi bahwa senyawa oksotrinuklir memiliki ligan terminal piridin yang mudah terfragmentasi yang ditandai dengan puncak ion molekul pada m/z 1283,14 dan puncak ion fragmen pada m/z 1205,09 yang mengindikasikan lepasnya satu molekul piridin sebagai terminal ligan. Kata kunci : senyawa oksotrinuklir, sintesis satu langkah, ruthenium, piridin. Abstract Synthesis of oxotrinuclear with pyridine as terminal ligand [Ru3O(OOCC6H5)6 (C5H5N)3]ClO4 has been carried out. Oxotrinuclear compound from synthesis was characterized using FT-IR spectrophotometer and mass spectrometer. The FTIR spectrum shows that oxotrinuclear compound has vibration at wavelength 698 cm-1 and mass spectrometer spectrum shows oxotrinuclear compound has pyridine as terminal ligand which easily fragmented indicated by molecular ion peak at m/z 1283.14 and ion fragment peak at m/z 1205.09. These values revealed one molecule of pyridine lost from terminal ligand. Keywords : oxotrinuclear compound, one step synthesis, ruthenium, pyridine.
Permeasi Transdermal Losartan In Vitro dari Larutan dengan Variasi Kadar Losartan dan Propilen Glikol
Authors: Binarjo Annas , Nugroho Akhmad Kharis 
Published: November 2018

Abstrak Losartan, senyawa antagonis reseptor angiotensin II, mempunyai bioavailabilitas oral 0.25-0.35. Bioavailabilitas yang rendah ini dapat diatasi dengan penghantaran obat secara transdermal. Enhancer sering ditambahkan ke dalam formula sediaan transdermal, misalnya propilen glikol (PG). Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh kadar propilen glikol terhadap permeasi transdermal losartan pada kadar obat yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan secara in vitro dengan sel difusi tipe vertikal dilakukan terhadap empat formula yaitu 2% potasium losartan (k-los) :15% PG (F1), 10% k-los :15% PG (F2), 2% k-los :20% PG (F3), dan 10% k-los: 20% PG (F4) dengan dapar sitrat pH 5 sebagai mediumnya. Kulit punggung tikus jantan galur wistar digunakan sebagai membran, PBS pH 7,4 sebagai medium kompartemen reseptor, dan HPLC untuk pengukuran kadar k-los dalam kompartemen reseptor dengan detektor UV. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kadar k-los dari 2% ke 10% pada kadar PG 15% meningkatkan fluks, sedangkan pada kadar 20% tidak berpengaruh terhadap fluks. Peningkatan kadar PG dari 15% ke 20% justru menurunkan fluks pada kadar k-los 2%, dan tidak berpengaruh pada kadar k-los 10%. Nilai lag time tidak berbeda diantara semua fomula. Hal ini berarti penggunaan enhancer PG lebih dari 15% justru merugikan permeasi transdermal. Kata Kunci : transdermal, losartan, propilen glikol, enhancer Abstract Losartan is an angiotensin receptor antagonis which has low oral bioavailability (0.25-0.35). Transdermal drug delivery system is needed as one solution for this low oral bioavailability drug. Propilen glikol (PG), as enhancer, is frequently added in transdermal dosage form. This research was purposed to explore the effect of PG as losartan permeation enhancer in various concentration of potasium losartan (k-los). The research was carried out in vitro using vertical tipe difusion cel for 4 formulas, i.e. 2% potasium losartan (k-los) :15% PG (F1), 10% k-los :15% PG (F2), 2% k-los :20% PG (F3), and 10% k-los: 20% PG (F4) using citric buffer pH 5 as donor medium, while PBS pH 7,4 was used as receptor medium. The dorsal skin of white wistar male rat was used as membrane. HPLC with UV detector was used to determine the concentration of k-los appear in receptor compartment. The results show that increasing of k-los concentration from 2% to 10% can increase the flux if PG concentration is 20%, but it does not have any significant effect to the flux if the PG concentration is 15%. Increasing PG concentration from 15% to 20% decrease the flux permeation in k-los concentration of 2%, and does not have any significant effect in concentration of k-los of 10%. The lag time permeation does not has any significant differencess. It means that PG as enhancer in the concentration above 15% doesn’t have any adventages. Keywords : transdermal, losartan, propilen glycol, enhancer
Pengaruh Zat Aditif Urea terhadap Kuantitas Biodiesel Pada Reaksi Transesterfikasi
Authors: Rasyid Rismawati , Kalsum Ummu , Malik Rahmaniah , Priyono Dadi , Albar Azis 
Published: November 2018

Abstrak Asam lemak jenuh maupun tak jenuh pada minyak nabati memiliki potensi untuk diubah menjadi bahan kimia penyusun bahan bakar . Komponen asam lemak pada CPO RBD dengan komposisi terbesar adalah asam palmitat (38.2%) dan asam oleat (45.89%). Pembuatan biodiesel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan CPO (Crude Palm Oil) yang telah dimurnikan melalui reaksi transesterfikasi dengan pereaksi etanol dan katalisator KOH. Penambahan urea sebagai zat aditif pada reaksi dapat meningkatkan kualitas biodiesel yang diperoleh serta lebih efisien dalam tahapan pemurnian. Persentase kadar FAME (Fatty Acid Metyl Ester) setara dengan persen yield biodiesel pada proses reaksi tanpa penambahan urea adalah 90.34% dan mengalami peningkatan setelah penambahan urea sebesar 98%. Densitas yang dihasilkan pada reaksi tanpa zat aditif 0.868 gr/ ml dan reaksi dengan penambahan zat aditif memiliki densitas 0.866 gr/ml, kedua produk tersebut telah sesuai dengan standar SNI yakni berkisar 0.85–0.89. Kata kunci : biodiesel, CPO, zat aditif Abstract Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oils have potential to be converted into constituent of chemicals fuel. Fatty acids in the RBD palm oil with the largest composition are palmitic acid (38.2%) and oleic acid (45.89%). Production of fuel which substitute diesel fuel (biodiesel) from CPO (Crude Palm Oil) which has been purified by transesterification reaction with ethanol reagent and KOH catalyst. The addition of urea as an additive substancein the reaction to improve the quality as well as more efficient biodiesel obtained in the purification stages. Percentage value of FAME(Fatty Acid Metyl Ester)or yield biodiesel in the reaction without the addition of urea is 90.34% and after the addition of urea increased by 98%. Density of product that produced in the reaction without additives is 0.868 g / ml and for reaction with additives has a density of 0.866 g / ml, both of these products are met the criteria of SNI standards which ranged from 0.85 to 0.89. Keywords : Biodiesel, CPO, additive substance
Ekstraksi Emas dari Limbah Papan Sirkuit Telepon Genggam Menggunakan Teknik Membran Cair Emulsi
Authors: Santoso Imam , Tatian Silvana , Kartika Irna Ratna , H Tritiyatma 
Published: November 2018

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan persen ekstraksi emas dari limbah papan sirkuit telepon genggam dengan teknik membran cair emulsi menggunakan MIBK sebagai carrier. Reaksinya terjadi secara simultan di permukaan membran, antara senyawa yang akan dipisahkan pada fasa umpan dengan senyawa pembawa pada fasa organik. Logam emas hasil reaksi akan terdifusi ke fasa membran yang pada akhirnya hasil ekstraksi terkumpul dan terkonsentrasi di fasa penerima. Sebelum diaplikasikan ke limbah telepon , terlebih dahulu dipelajari beberapa parameter yang berpengaruh terhadap perolehan persen ekstraksi. Pada penelitian ini kondisi optimum untuk parameter pembuatan fasa emulsi yaitu 1:1, pengaruh kecepatan pembuatan emulsi pada yaitu 1000 rpm.Pengaruh konsentrasi carrier terhadap persen ekstraksi emas dengan konsentrasi MIBK sebesar 3%, pengaruh kecepatan kontak terhadap persen ekstraksi emas adalah pada 1000 rpm. Penerapan kondisi optimum pada limbah papan sirkuit telepon genggam memberikan persen ekstraksi Au sebesar 83.24%. Kata Kunci: limbah papan sirkuit telepon genggam, MIBK, teknik membran cair emulsi. Abstrack This research aim is to determine extraction percentage of gold from cellular phone circuit board waste using emulsion liquid membrane technique with Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK) as carrier. The reaction occur simultaneously on the membrane surface, between compound going to be separate in feed phase with carrier compound in organic phase. Gold from reaction will diffuse into membrane phase which finally will be collected and concentrated in receiving phase. Before it applied to phone waste, there are several parameters studied which influence the extraction percentage result. In this research the optimum condition for building emulsion phase parameter is 1:1, effect on building emulsion rate is 1000 rpm. Carrier concentration effect to extraction percentage of gold is at 3% MIBK and contact rate effect is at 1000 rpm. Optimum condition application to cellular phone circuit board waste give Au extraction percentage of 83.24%. Keywords: cellular phone circuit board waste, MIBK, emulsion liquid membrane technique.
Accuracy of Provider-Documented Child Immunization Status at Hospital Presentation for Acute Respiratory Illness
Authors: Bryan Mersine A. , Hofstetter Annika M. , deHart M. Patricia , Zhou Chuan , Opel Douglas J. 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVES:To assess (1) the accuracy of child immunization status documented by providers at hospital presentation for acute respiratory illness and (2) the association of provider-documented up-to-date (UTD) status with immunization receipt during and after hospitalization.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of children ≤16 years old treated for asthma, croup, bronchiolitis, or pneumonia at a children’s hospital between July 2014 and June 2016. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and provider-documented UTD immunization status (yes or no) at presentation were obtained from the medical record. We compared provider-documented UTD status to the gold standard: the child’s UTD status as documented in the Washington State Immunization Information System (WAIIS). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of provider-documented UTD status were calculated. We assessed the association of provider-documented UTD status and immunization during and within 30 days posthospitalization using multivariable logistic regression.RESULTS:Among 478 eligible children, 450 (94%) had provider-documented UTD status at hospital presentation and an active WAIIS record. Overall, 92% and 42% were UTD by provider documentation and WAIIS records, respectively, with provider-documented UTD status having 98.4% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI]: 95.4%–99.7%), 12.2% specificity (95% CI: 8.5%–16.8%), and 44.6% positive predictive value (95% CI: 39.7%–49.5%). Per WAIIS records, 20% and 44% of children who were due for vaccines received a vaccine during or within 30 days posthospitalization, respectively. There was no significant association between provider-documented UTD status and immunization during or after hospitalization.CONCLUSIONS:Provider-documented UTD immunization status at hospital presentation for children with respiratory illnesses overestimates UTD status, creating missed opportunities for immunization during and after hospitalization.
KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN PULAU-PULAU TERLUAR DITINJUAU DARI ASPEK KEPENDUDUKAN
Authors: Alihar Fadjri 
Published: November 2018

Ada beberapa persoalan yang terkait dengan pulau-pulau terluar, pertama, aspek keamanan yang berkaitan dengan aspek perlindungan dan pemeliharaan. Kedua, banyak diantara pulau-pulau tersebut yang tidak berpenghuni. Ketiga, aspek pemberdayaan masyarakat. Tulisan ini mencoba mengeksplorasi berbagai data, baik hasil penelitian, naskah-naskah akademik dan berbagai data dari internet untuk memahami berbagai persoalan yang terjadi di pulau-pulau terluar Indonesia. Disimpulkan bahwa pemerintah Indonesia terlalu menyepelekan persoalan yang terjadi pulau-pulau terluar, padahal menyangkut harga diri dan martbat bangsa. Pemerintah dituntut untuk mendata kembali berbagai pulau-pulau terluar yang tersebar di daerah perbatasan dengan negara tetangga. Selain itu pemerintah juga dituntut mereklamasi beberapa pulau-pulau terluar karena terancam tenggelam dan ini berdampak terhadap garis perbatasan Indonesia. Untuk mengisi pulau-pulau terluar tersebut kiranya diperlukan sebuah program transmigrasi lokal yang dibekali dengan pengetahuan dan keterampilan berbasis kelautan dan kepulauan. There are several matters concerning the outer islands of Indonesia. First is related with security matters. This is most likely policing of defence and conserve the national, as well as states borders. Secondly is concerning thier inhabitant. Most of the islnads are not being occupied. Thirdly is about social enhancing of the resident of those outer islands. This article is going to explore any specific data or informations collected from either surveys, literature reviews of both hardcopies and softcopies which are downloaded from web media, in order to understand the matters concerning those outer islands which are bounderising the Republik of Indonesia. The result is that to a certain extent the government of Indonesia seems to underestimate the be existent of those outer island of Indonesia. Even though this really is concering the self-respect, as well as honour of the Republik of Indonesia as a big nation. Then, the government of Indonesia is supposedly forced to take into account the reassessment of those outer islands of Indonesia, particularly those which are bounderized with other countries. The goverment is also demanded to do the reclaimation of several outer islands which are being shinked. This effort is must be done in order to keep up the Indonesian borderlines or peripheries. The local, as well as inter-islands transmigration programs, which are socially and fisically trained by the marine and oceanic-atoll expertise could be the best solution for keeping-up and safeguarding those outer islands of Indonesia.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA PESISIR DI DESA BENTUNG KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SANGIHE PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Tatali Aldy Adrianus , Lasabuda Ridwan , Andaki Jardie A , Lagarense Bet E. S. 
Published: November 2018

Pengelolaan pariwisata pesisir telah banyak diteliti namun penelitian ini menekankan pada pengembangan potensi pariwisata pesisir desa bentung yang belum dikelola. Diperlukan dukungan dukungan pemerintahan dan pihak terkait dalam pengembangan pariwisata pesisir. Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe yang merupakan kabupaten bahari memiliki Kawasan Strategis Pariwisata dalam PERDA Kepulauan Sangihe Nomor 15 Tahun 2008 yaitu kawasan yang memiliki fungsi utama pariwisata atau memiliki potensi untuk pengembangan pariwisata yang mempunyai pengaruh penting dalam satu atau lebih aspek seperti pertumbuhan ekonomi, sosial dan budaya, pemberdayaan sumber daya alam, daya dukung lingkungan hidup, serta pertahanan dan keamanan Desa Bentung mempuyai atraksi wisata Mairokang Beach Game (MBG) yang diselenggarakan setiap tahun. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pengembangan atraksi wisata pesisir di Desa Bentung dengan bentuk diversifikasi produk-produk wisata yang masih banyak selain lomba MBG. Potensi sumber daya pesisir di Desa Bentung seperti terumbu karang, Hutan Mangrove yang memiliki luas 2,82 Ha, keadaan hutan mangrove tergolong dalam kondisi tidak rusak. Potensi pariwisata pantai Desa Bentung memiliki tiga kawasan pantai yang memiliki pasir yang berbeda yaitu Pantai Bulo, Pantai Nagha, Pantai Mairokang Bentung. MBG melaksanakan kegiatan – kegiatan yang bernuansa budaya Sangihe dan menjadi daya tarik wisata Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe, lomba ini merupakan lomba balap perahu. Management of coastal tourism has been extensively researched but this research emphasizes the development of coastal tourism potentials in Bentung Villages. Government and stakeholder support in is required in coastal tourism development. The regency of Kepulauan Sangihe which is a maritime regency has a Tourism Strategic Area in Sangihe Islands Local Regulation No. 15 Year 2008 which tell that a region that has a major function of tourism or has potential for tourism development that has an important influence in one or more aspects such as economic, social and cultural growth, natural resources empowerment, environmental carrying capacity, defense and security. Bentung Village a tourist attraction such as Mairokang Beach Game (MBG) that held annually. This study focuses on the development of coastal tourism attractions in the village of Bentung with a diversified form of tourism products that are still many other than the MBG competition. The potential of coastal resources in Bentung Village such as coral reefs, Mangrove Forest has an area of 2.82 Ha and classified as undamaged. Bentung Beach tourism has three areas that have different sand such as Bulo Beach, Nagha Beach and Mairokang Beach. MBG carries out cultural activities of Sangihe and becomes a tourist attraction of Kepulauan Sangihe Regency, This attraction is a boat racing competition.
REKLAMASI DI TELUK JAKARTA DAN PERUBAHAN SOSIAL PADA MASYARAKAT NELAYAN DI CILINCING JAKARTA UTARA
Authors: Hikmah Hikmah 
Published: November 2018

Perubahan sosial merupakan aspek penting dalam memahami perkembangan kehidupan perekonomian masyarakat di Cilincing, karena intervensi kebijakan pemerintah (pembangunan pulau reklamasi). Pembangunan pulau N di Teluk Jakarta telah mempengaruhi kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat di Cilincing yang terkait dengan perubahan sumber pendapatan, pola aktivitas penangkapan ikan, serta sistem gender pada masyarakat perikanan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus yang menggunakan metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode triangulasi guna memperoleh kombinasi data yang akurat. Pemilihan informan melalui teknik bola saljudan dilakukan secara sengaja yaitu memilih orang-orang yang dianggap mengetahui secara detail mengenai gejala perubahan sosial akibat adanya pembangunan reklamasi Teluk Jakarta. Analisis data kualitatif dilakukan secara interaktif dan berlangsung secara terus-menerus sampai tuntas hingga datanya jenuh. Hasil penelitian menggabarkan adanya perubahan sosial yang terjadi akibat adanya pembangunan pulau reklamasi di sekitar Teluk Jakarta antara lain perubahan jenis sumber pendapatan, perubahan pola aktivitas penangkapan, perubahan struktur sosial masyarakat nelayan dan perubahan sistem gender. Tulisan ini merekomendasikan agar pemerintah melakukan asistensi pada masyarakat nelayan yang tidak mampu beradaptasi terhadap perubahan karena pulau reklamasi dengan program mata pencaharian alternatif. Dan bagi masyarakat nelayan yang mampu beradaptasi dengan perubahan yang ada, Harus disiapkan skema bantuan yang jelas, sehingga perekonomian masyarakat nelayan dapat berkembang.Reclamation In The Jakarta Bay And Social Change Of Fishing Community In CilincingReclaimed island development, social groups in the coastal villages have been affected due to the construction project. This study aims to provide an overview of the symptoms of social change as a result of reclamation development on the lives of fishing communities in Sub Cilincing North Jakarta. This study used a qualitative method with case study approach. Data collection techniques applied by the researchers is the triangulation method to obtain accurate data combinations. Selection of informants through sampling technique a snowball and is done deliberately is choosing those deemed to know in detail about the symptoms of social change as a result of the construction of the Jakarta Bay reclamation. Qualitative data analysis performed interactively and lasted continuously until complete until data saturation. The results of the study describes the phenomenon of social changes that occur due to the construction of reclamation around the Bay of Jakarta, among others, changes in the type of source of income, changes in patterns of fishing activities, changes in the social structure of fishing communities and change the gender system.