bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knee Abduction and Internal Rotation Moments Increase ACL Force During Landing Through the Posterior Slope of the Tibia
Authors: Navacchia Alessandro , Bates Nathaniel A , Schilaty Nathan D , Krych Aaron J , Hewett Timothy E 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThe mechanism underlying non‐contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is multi‐factorial and still an object of debate. Computational models, in combination with in vivo and cadaveric studies, can provide valuable insight into the contribution of the different factors involved. The goal of this study was to validate four knee finite element models (two males and two females) to kinematic and strain data collected in vitro with an impact‐driven simulator and use them to assess how secondary external knee loads (knee abduction moment [KAM], anterior shear force, and internal rotation torque [ITR]) affect tibiofemoral contact forces and ACL force during impact. Four subject‐specific knee models were developed from specimen computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Patellofemoral and tibiofemoral ligament properties were calibrated to match experimentally measured kinematics and ligament strain. Average root mean square errors and correlations between experimental and model‐predicted knee kinematics were below 1.5 mm and 2°, and above 0.75, respectively. Similar errors and correlations were obtained for ACL strain (< 2% and > 0.9). Model‐predicted ACL forces were highly correlated with the anterior component of the tibiofemoral contact force on the lateral plateau occurring during impact (r = 0.99), which was increased by larger KAM and ITR through the posterior tibial slope and a larger contact force on the lateral side. This study provides a better understanding of the mechanism through which secondary external knee loads increase ACL injury risk during landing. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1730–1742, 2019
Influence of minor components on lipid bioaccessibility and oxidation during in vitro digestion of soybean oil
Authors: Martin‐Rubio Ana S , Sopelana Patricia , Guillén María D 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMinor components of edible oils could influence their evolution during in vitro digestion. This might affect the bioaccessibility of lipid nutrients and the safety of the ingested food. Bearing this in mind, the evolution of virgin and refined soybean oils, which are very similar in acyl group composition, has been studied throughout in vitro digestion using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatography /mass spectrometry, focusing on lipolysis and oxidation reactions. The fate of γ‐tocopherol, the main antioxidant present in soybean oil, has also been analyzed with 1H NMR.RESULTSThere were no noticeable differences in lipolysis between the two oils that were studied. The extent of oxidation during digestion, which was very low in both cases, was slightly higher in the virgin type, which showed lower tocopherols and squalene concentrations than the refined one, together with a considerable abundance of free fatty acids. This can be deduced both from the appearance after digestion of conjugated hydroperoxy‐ and hydroxy‐dienes only in the virgin oil, and from its higher levels of volatile aldehydes and 2‐pentyl‐furan. Under in vitro digestion conditions, the formation of epoxides seemed to be favored over other oxidation products. Finally, although some soybean oil essential nutrients like polyunsaturated fatty acids exhibited no significant degradation after digestion, γ‐tocopherol concentration diminished during this process, especially in the virgin oil.CONCLUSIONAlthough the minor component composition of the soybean oils did not affect lipolysis during in vitro digestion, it influenced the extent of their oxidation and γ‐tocopherol bioaccessibility. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Maillard reaction derived from oil‐tea camellia seed through roasting
Authors: Luo Fan , Fei Xueqian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Maillard reaction products (MRPs) formed after roasting of oil‐tea camellia seeds (camellia seeds) were investigated. Camellia seeds are inevitably heated during processing, but the effect of heating or roasting on the physicochemical properties of camellia seed or oil‐tea camellia seed oil (camellia oil) has been seldom studied, especially with respect to the Maillard reaction.RESULTSChanges in reducing sugars, free amino acids, pH, color, browning intensity and MRP (furosine, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural and furural) concentrations were examined in camellia seeds during roasting at 120–160 °C for 20–120 min. Results showed that roasting leads first to a decrease and then to a considerable increase in free amino groups and, at the same time, to a reduction in moisture content and decrease in pH. The sucrose content of the seeds decreased, while that of glucose and fructose increased reciprocally during roasting. On the other hand, the observed changes concerning glyoxal were negligible. Furthermore, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural have been found at the end of the roasting process, with maximum values of 572.26 ± 1.91 mg kg−1 dry wt and 0.46 ± 0.003 mg kg−1 dry wt, at 160 °C for 120 min, respectively.CONCLUSIONThis investigation provides the initial groundwork necessary for the development and implementation of green and efficient technology that could be applied to obtain high‐quality camellia oil. Future research is necessary to assess antioxidant capacity, quality and safety of oil after thermal processing of camellia seeds. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Large‐area spatial atomic layer deposition of amorphous oxide semiconductors at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Katsouras Ilias , Frijters Corné , Poodt Paul , Gelinck Gerwin , Kronemeijer Auke Jisk 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIndium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) is deposited using plasma‐enhanced spatial atomic layer deposition (sALD) on substrates as large as 32 × 35 cm2. Excellent uniformity and thickness control leads to high‐performing and stable coplanar top‐gate self‐aligned (SA) thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The integration of a sALD‐deposited aluminum oxide buffer layer into the TFT stack further improves uniformity and stability. The results demonstrate the viability of atmospheric sALD as a novel deposition technique for the flat‐panel display industry.
Urgent surgery in colon cancer has no impact on survival
Authors: Antony Pia , Harnoss Julian C. , Warschkow Rene , Schmied Bruno M. , Schneider Martin , Tarantino Ignazio , Ulrich Alexis 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesDespite advances in early detection of colon cancer, a minority of patients still require urgent surgery. Whether such urgent conditions result in poor outcome remains a topic of debate.MethodsUsing a prospectively maintained database, patients suffering exclusively from colon cancer and receiving either elective or emergent resection between 2001 and 2014 were analyzed with respect to overall, disease‐specific, and relative survival using Cox regression and propensity score analyses.ResultsFrom a total of 877 patients analyzed, 2.7% (24) presented with complications requiring urgent surgery. Propensity‐scoring identified strongly biased patient characteristics (0.097 ± 0.069 vs 0.028 ± 0.043; P < 0.001). An unadjusted Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed urgent surgery as a statistically significant prognostic factor with an approximately 207% increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.62‐5.81; P = 0.003). After adjusting the data according to the propensity score analysis, urgent surgery was not associated with a decreased overall (HR = 1.67; 95%CI; 0.84‐3.36; P = 0.174), disease‐specific (HR = 1.62; 95% CI; 0.81‐3.24; P = 0.201) or relative survival (HR = 1.86; 95% CI: 0.92‐3.79; P = 0.086).ConclusionsAfter risk‐adjustment, using multivariable Cox regression and propensity score analyses, no significant disadvantage could be noted with regard to overall, disease‐specific, or relative survival in patients with exclusively colon cancer who received emergent oncological resection.
Protective effects of HO‐1 pathway on lung injury subsequent to limb ischemia reperfusion
Authors: Li Yan‐Yan , Liu Chun‐Yan , Liu Mei , Sun Ke‐Yu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLimb ischemia reperfusion (LIR) can activate endogenous cytoprotective mechanisms by generating specific proteins against reperfusion injury in remote organs. The present study investigated the roles of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) pathway and the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of this pathway on lung injury following LIR. LIR was induced by ischemia for 4 hours followed by reperfusion for 6 hours (LIR 6 hours) or 16 hours (LIR 16 hours) in male Sprague‐Dawley rats. HO‐1 inducer cobalt protoporphyrin (Copp) or HO‐1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin (Znpp) was intravenously injected 24 hours before ischemia. The animals were randomly divided into nine groups, including normal control, LIR 6 hours, LIR 16 hours, Copp, Copp + LIR 6 hours, Copp + LIR 16 hours, and Znpp, Znpp+ LIR 6 hours, and Znpp + LIR 16 hours groups (each group included four samples). Lung injury was examined through histopathology. Quantitative real‐time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were applied to detect the mRNA and protein levels of HO‐1, Nrf2, and Bach1. Our study showed that LIR induced Nrf2 upregulation but Bach1 downregulation to promote HO‐1 expression in lung tissues. Activation of HO‐1 pathway by Copp potentially enhanced Nrf2 expression but inhibition of the pathway by Znpp promoted Bach1 expression. Inducer of HO‐1 pathway, Copp injection improved the lung injury. Nevertheless, Znpp injection aggravated the lung injury following LIR. Our findings suggested that activated HO‐1 pathway might exert protective effects on the lung injury following LIR.
Congenital laryngomalacia: Is it an inflammatory disease? The role of vitamin D
Authors: Hassan Megahed M. , Emam Ahmed M. , Mahmoud Ahmed M. , Awad Al Husseiny , Rezk Ibrahim , Abou‐Taleb Ashraf , Mohamed Montasser M. , El‐Magd Essam A. A. 
Published: April 2019

Objectives/HypothesisLaryngomalacia is the most common cause of stridor in infants. The exact pathophysiology is still not well understood. Our objective was to investigate whether laryngomalacia is an inflammatory disease, focusing on the possible role of vitamin D.Study DesignCase‐control study.MethodsSixty Egyptian infants and 60 mothers were included in this study. They were divided into four equal groups (n = 30 for each): infants with laryngomalacia (LM‐infants), control infants (C‐infants), mothers of the infants with laryngomalacia (LM‐mothers), and mothers of the control infants (C‐mothers). Laryngoscopy was performed and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]‐vitamin‐D) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) were estimated.ResultsSignificant increase of serum IL‐6 associated with a significant decrease in serum 25(OH)‐vitamin D was observed in the LM‐infants compared to the C‐infants (P < .001 for both). LM‐mothers had significantly lower 25(OH)‐vitamin D status compared to C‐mothers (P < .001).ConclusionsDeficiency of 25(OH)‐vitamin D in LM‐infants may result in dysregulation of the immune responses with elevation of a proinflammatory cytokine (IL‐6). Laryngomalacia could be an inflammatory disease due to 25(OH)‐vitamin D deficiency as evidenced by the high level of IL‐6. This finding may open the door to the appropriate prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, especially for moderate to severe laryngomalacia.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 130:448–453, 2020
Influence of electric current on the corrosion behavior of Cu for the electric contact in the isolation switch
Authors: Lv Wang Yan , Zheng Ke Qin , Wang Yi Bo , Liu Zhong Wu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe flow of electric current through the conductor has a far‐reaching effect on its corrosion behavior. In this paper, the effect of current on the corrosion behavior of Cu is investigated. The accelerated corrosion test of Cu with various external currents from 1 A to 5 A are carried out in 5% NaCl neutral salt spray environment. The results show that the samples with external current exhibit a faster corrosion rate than those without current. The corrosion kinetics and underlying mechanism are also discussed in this paper.
Effect of Architecture of Thermoresponsive Copolymer Brushes on Switching of Their Adsorption Properties
Authors: Marschelke Claudia , Puretskiy Nikolay , Raguzin Ivan , Melnyk Inga , Ionov Leonid , Synytska Alla 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHerein, the effect of architecture of stimuli‐responsive polymer brushes on the switching of colloidal particle adsorption is reported. Thermoresponsive copolymer brushes containing positively charged amino groups are used and investigated how negatively charged colloidal particles electrostatically adsorb onto them. The distribution of charged groups (block or random copolymer architecture) and the conformation of the polymer chains (extended or collapsed state) are varied. It is found that the strongest adsorption is achieved at high fractions of charged groups in the brushes, while the amount of adsorbed particles is independent of the polymer chain conformation; that is, the adsorption of particles cannot be switched. On the contrary to this, the most pronounced switching of adsorption is achieved at low fractions of charged/adhesive groups in the brushes when the adsorption of particles is weak. The lowest fraction of charged/adhesive groups (one group per few polymer chains) can be exclusively achieved by random copolymerization and not by block copolymers. An explanation of the adsorption behavior of colloidal particles on switchable brushes is proposed.
High‐quality draft genome sequence of Gaiella occulta isolated from a 150 meter deep mineral water borehole and comparison with the genome sequences of other deep‐branching lineages of the phylum Actinobacteria
Authors: Severino Rita , Froufe Hugo J. C. , Barroso Cristina , Albuquerque Luciana , Lobo‐da‐Cunha Alexandre , da Costa Milton S. , Egas Conceição 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGaiella occulta strain F2‐233T (=CECT 7815 = LMG 26412), isolated from a 150 meter deep mineral water aquifer, was deemed a candidate for high‐quality draft genome sequencing because of the rare environment from which it was isolated. The draft genome sequence (QQZY00000000) of strain F2‐233T is composed of approximately 3 Mb, predicted 3,119 protein‐coding genes of which 2,545 were assigned putative functions. Genome analysis was done by comparison with the other deep‐branching Actinobacteria neighbors Rubrobacter radiotolerans, Solirubrobacter soli and Thermoleophilum album. The genes for the tricarboxylic acid cycle, gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathway, were identified in G. occulta, R. radiotolerans, S. soli and T. album genomes. Genes of the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway and nitrate reduction were identified in G. occulta, R. radiotolerans and S. soli, but not in the T. album genome. Alkane degradation is precluded by genome analysis in G. occulta. Genes involved in myo‐inositol metabolism were found in both S. soli and G. occulta genomes. A Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle with a type I RuBisCO was identified in G. occulta genome, as well. However, experimental growth under several conditions was negative and CO2 fixation could not be proven in G. occulta.
Association of OPG gene polymorphisms with the risk of knee osteoarthritis among Chinese people
Authors: Qi Yuxin , An Feimeng , Wang Jiaqi , Liu Yuan , Gao Hongyan , Ge Zhe , Jiang Enze , Cai Donggao , Shi Jianping , Wang Jianzhong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is usually recognized to have a genetic factor, and in our study, we performed a case–control study to analyze the association between 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in OPG and the risk of knee OA in a Chinese Han population.MethodsFourteen OPG SNPs were assayed using MassARRAY in 393 patients clinically and radiographically diagnosed with knee OA and in 500 controls. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were compared between the groups. Logistic regression adjusting for age and gender was used to estimate risk associations between specific genotypes and knee OA by computing odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsWe found that the minor alleles of six SNPs in OPG were associated with an increased or decreased risk of knee OA in the allelic model analysis. In the genetic model analysis, we found that rs1905786, rs1032128, rs3134058, rs11573828, rs11573849, rs3134056, and rs1564861 were associated with an increased or decreased risk of knee OA before adjusted by sex and age. And after adjustment, three SNPs (rs1485286, rs1905786, and rs1032128) were identified to have a negative effect on knee OA.ConclusionOur results verify that genetic variants of OPG contribute to knee OA susceptibility in the population of northern China. These genetic associations may identify individuals at a particularly high risk of developing knee OA.
Quantitative breast elastography from B‐mode images
Authors: Rabin Carolina , Benech Nicolás 
Published: April 2019

PurposeElastography images provide information about the mechanical properties of soft tissue in a noninvasive way and can be useful to identify abnormalities and ascertain differential diagnoses of suspicious prior findings obtained through mammography ultrasound. In this work we investigate, from a physics point of view, the feasibility of quantifying the Young's modulus of breast tissue from the autocorrelation of a diffuse acoustic field computed from a sequence of B‐mode images acquired through conventional ultrasound scanners.MethodsInspired in the seismological approach of retrieving the Green's function by cross‐correlation of diffuse fields, we obtained a quantitative expression that relates the local shear modulus of soft tissue to the autocorrelation of the displacement field generated by the presence of an acoustic diffuse field in the medium. In addition, we designed a mechanical prototype device adaptable to the breast anatomy, in order to create the necessary conditions in terms of diffuse field generation. The device is easy to handle, and its positioning does not interfere with the ultrasonic probe, being friendly to use within the clinical environment. The displacement field was measured from a sequence of B‐mode images acquired at standard frame rates (30–50 Hz) with conventional ultrasound equipment. This method was tested in a breast tissue mimicking phantom using two standard ultrasound scanners (Toshiba Nemio NX and SIUI (Shantou Institute of Ultrasonic Instruments) Apogee 3800) and an open source research device (Verasonics V3.07 US). We also performed an in vivo measurement as a preliminary validation.ResultsIn the reconstructed Young's modulus maps the inclusions were identified and the obtained quantitative results for an inclusion and the background of the phantom were 60.0 ± 4.0 and 20.4 ± 0.5 KPa for the Toshiba equipment, 65.5 ± 6.9 and 22.6 ± 2.7 KPa for the SIUI equipment and 67.2 ± 7.3 KPa and 22.6 ± 2.8 KPa for the Verasonic scanner. These results are in good agreement with the values reported by the phantom's manufacturer of 60 and 20 KPa for the inclusion and the background, respectively. In the case of the in vivo measurement, the obtained images are in accordance with the patient known pathology (BI‐RADS 5, Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma, Score 6). The pathological breast showed a heterogeneous elasticity map with a mean Young's modulus of 98.1 ± 12.9 KPa, while the normal breast displayed a homogeneous map with a mean Young's modulus of 24.7 ± 8.1 KPa.ConclusionsWe successfully reconstructed the Young's modulus map of the breast tissue mimicking phantom and of a real breast tumor using B‐mode images acquired with conventional ultrasound scanners. The results obtained in this work support that our technique can be developed as a medical tool to obtain quantitative breast tissue elasticity maps.
Implementation of person‐centred practice principles and behaviour change techniques after a 2‐day training workshop: A nested case study involving physiotherapists
Authors: Lawford Belinda J. , Bennell Kim L. , Kasza Jessica , Campbell Penny K. , Gale Janette , Bills Caroline , Hinman Rana S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of the present study were to determine how well physiotherapists implemented person‐centred practice principles and behaviour change techniques after a workshop, and to evaluate whether self‐audit of performance differed from audits of an experienced training facilitator.MethodsEight physiotherapists each completed a 2‐day workshop followed by two telephone consultations with four patients with knee osteoarthritis. The training facilitator audited audio‐recordings of all consultations, and therapists self‐audited 50% of consultations using a tool comprising: (a) 10 person‐centred practice principles rated on a numerical rating scale of 0 (need to work on this) to 10 (doing really well); and (b) seven behaviour change techniques rated with an ordinal scale (using this technique effectively; need to improve skill level; or need to learn how to apply this technique).ResultsPhysiotherapists showed “moderate” fidelity to person‐centred principles, with mean scores between 5 and 7 out of 10. For behaviour change techniques, the training facilitator believed that physiotherapists were using three of seven techniques “effectively” during most consultations and “needed to improve skill levels” with most other techniques. Physiotherapists scored themselves significantly lower than the training facilitator for two of 10 person‐centred principles, and tended to rate their skills using behaviour change techniques less favourably.ConclusionsPhysiotherapists performed moderately well when implementing person‐centred practice principles and behaviour change techniques immediately after training, but had room for improvement, particularly for skills relating to providing management options and changing thinking habits. Physiotherapists' self‐ratings of performance generally did not differ from expert ratings; however, they underestimated their ability to implement some principles and techniques.
Synthesis and characterization of poly (1‐vinyl‐3‐butylimidazolium‐co‐methyl methacrylate) gel polymer electrolytes for dye‐sensitized solar cells: Effect of structure and composition
Authors: Porfarzollah Ali , Bagheri Massoumeh , Mohammad‐Rezaei Rahim 
Published: April 2019

Herein, three ionic liquid random copolymers (P) containing 1‐vinyl‐3‐butylimidazolium bromide (VBImBr) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) with various molar ratios were prepared using conventional free radical polymerization. Afterward, their corresponding chemically cross‐linked copolymers (XP) were formed similarly in the presence of polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA). The synthesized copolymers were characterized using FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and GPC. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that the rigidity and thermal stability of the copolymers depended on the ionic liquid content as well as the degree of cross‐linking. Gel polymer electrolytes were then prepared via obtained copolymers in the presence of a constant amount of synthesized imidazolium‐based ionic liquid. Among the copolymers, the P3 with in feed VBImBr:MMA molar ratio of 70:30 and the cross‐linked 1%‐XP3 copolymer prepared with 1 mol% of PEGDMA exhibited the highest conductivity and diffusion coefficients for I3¯ and I¯. The power conversion efficiency of the optimized linear and cross‐linked copolymers (P3 and 1%‐XP3) under the simulated AM 1.5 solar spectrum irradiation at 100 mW cm−2 were 3.49 and 4.13% in the fabricated dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), respectively. The superior long‐term stability and high performance of the gel electrolyte containing 1%‐XP3 suggested it as commercial gel electrolyte for future DSSCs.