bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amenity grassland quality following anaerobic digestate application
Authors: Pawlett Mark , Owen Andy , Tibbett Mark 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAnaerobic digestate applied to land is a source of readily available nutrients, yet there is a paucity of knowledge regarding effects on grassland. To address this, we investigated the viability of using digestate as an alternative to mineral fertilizer for Lolium perenne L. grassland maintenance. We present findings of two independent field‐trials, where food‐waste digestate was applied over two growing seasons at two rates (100 and 200 kg N ha−1 year−1) and compared to mineral fertilizer (N:P:K‐12:4:6 at 100 kg N ha−1 year−1) and control (no additions) plots. L. perenne nutrition (N, P and K), chlorophyll and sward composition were assessed in the summer and autumn to observe treatment and seasonal effects. The sward benefited from digestate application in the summer with reduced occurrence of dead L. perenne. Both the digestate and mineral fertilizer shifted the sward composition similarly and in favor of Poa annua L. in summer and L. perenne in autumn, with reduced broad‐leaved weeds and bare soil coverage regardless of season. Quantities of foliar N and K uptake were similar between the digestate and mineral fertilizer; however, the highest rate of digestate application was required to supply similar quantities of P to the grass compared to the mineral fertilizer. Grass chlorophyll was not adversely affected by the high ammonium‐N in the digestate. These broadly positive results for digestate present opportunities for the development of digestate use as a fertilizer on amenity grassland such as outfields in sports facilities, parks, and road verges as well as showing potential for supplementing the fertility of pasture systems.
Early detection of gastric cancer after Helicobacter pylori eradication due to endoscopic surveillance
Authors: Sakitani Kosuke , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Arita Masahide , Yoshida Shuntaro , Kataoka Yosuke , Ohki Daisuke , Yamashita Hiroharu , Isomura Yoshihiro , Toyoshima Akira , Watanabe Hidenobu , Iizuka Toshiro , Saito Yutaka , Fujisaki Junko , Yahagi Naohisa , Koike Kazuhiko , Toyoshima Osamu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori eradication therapy is commonly performed to reduce the incidence of gastric cancer. However, gastric cancer is occasionally discovered even after successful eradication therapy. Therefore, we examined the prognosis of gastric cancer patients, diagnosed after successful H. pylori eradication therapy.Materials and MethodsAll‐cause death rates and gastric cancer‐specific death rates in gastric cancer patients who received successful H. pylori eradication treatment was tracked and compared to rates in patients who did not receive successful eradication therapy.ResultsIn total, 160 gastric cancer patients were followed‐up for up to 11.7 years (mean 3.5 years). Among them, 53 gastric cancer patients received successful H. pylori eradication therapy prior to gastric cancer diagnosis. During the follow‐up period, 11 all‐cause deaths occurred. In the successful eradication group, the proportion of patients with cancer stage I was higher. The proportions of patients who received curative endoscopic therapy and endoscopic examination in the 2 years prior to gastric cancer diagnosis were also higher in the successful eradication group. Kaplan–Meier analysis of all‐cause death and gastric cancer‐specific death revealed a lower death rate in patients in the successful eradication group (P = .0139, and P = .0396, respectively, log‐rank test). The multivariate analysis showed that endoscopy within 2 years before cancer diagnosis is associated with stage I cancer.ConclusionsPossible early discovery of gastric cancer after H. pylori eradication due to regular endoscopic surveillance may contribute to better prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.
Evaluating the benefits of digital pathology implementation: time savings in laboratory logistics
Authors: Baidoshvili Alexi , Bucur Anca , van Leeuwen Jasper , van der Laak Jeroen , Kluin Philip , van Diest Paul J 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe benefits of digital pathology for workflow improvement and thereby cost savings in pathology, at least partly outweighing investment costs, are being increasingly recognised. Successful implementations in a variety of scenarios have started to demonstrate the cost benefits of digital pathology for both research and routine diagnosis, contributing to a sound business case encouraging further adoption. To further support new adopters, there is still a need for detailed assessment of the impact that this technology has on the relevant pathology workflows, with an emphasis on time‐saving.AimsTo assess the impact of digital pathology adoption on logistic laboratory tasks (i.e. not including pathologists’ time for diagnosis‐making) in the Laboratorium Pathologie Oost Nederland, a large regional pathology laboratory in The Netherlands.Methods and resultsTo quantify the benefits of digitisation, we analysed the differences between the traditional analogue and new digital workflows, carried out detailed measurements of all relevant steps in key analogue and digital processes, and compared the time spent. We modelled and assessed the logistic savings in five workflows: (i) routine diagnosis; (ii) multidisciplinary meeting; (iii) external revision requests; (iv) extra stainings; and (v) external consultation. On average, >19 working hours were saved on a typical day by working digitally, with the highest savings in routine diagnosis and multidisciplinary meeting workflows.ConclusionsBy working digitally, a significant amount of time could be saved in a large regional pathology laboratory with a typical case mix. We also present the data in each workflow per task and concrete logistic steps to allow extrapolation to the context and case mix of other laboratories.
Association between community characteristics and implementation of community programmes and policies addressing childhood obesity: the Healthy Communities Study
Authors: Schultz J. A. , Collie‐Akers V. L. , Fawcett S. B. , Strauss W. J. , Nagaraja J. , Landgraf A. J. , McIver K. L. , Weber S. A. , Arteaga S. S. , Nebeling L. C. , Rauzon S. M. ,   on behalf of the Healthy Communities Study Team
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundLittle is known about whether characteristics of communities are associated with differential implementation of community programmes and policies to promote physical activity and healthy eating. This study examines associations between community characteristics (e.g. region and race/ethnicity) and the intensity of community programmes and policies implemented to prevent childhood obesity. It explores whether community characteristics moderate the intensity of community efforts to prevent childhood obesity.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate associations between community characteristics and the intensity of community policies and programmes to prevent childhood obesity documented in the Healthy Communities Study that engaged a diverse sample of US communities.MethodProgrammes and policies were documented in 130 communities across the USA, reporting over 9000 different community programmes and policies to prevent obesity among children ages 4–15. We examined associations between community characteristics and the intensity of community programmes and policies implemented (i.e. their amount and reach, duration and strength of change strategy).ConclusionCommunity characteristics explain 25% of the variability in the intensity of community programmes and policies implemented in communities. Particular characteristics – urbanicity, region, being a large county and the per cent of African–Americans in a community – contributed to more (over 18% of the 25%) of the observed variability.
Our Sunshine place: A collective narrative and reflection on the experiences of a mental health crisis leading to an admission to a psychiatric inpatient unit
Authors: Wyder Marianne , Roennfeldt Helena , Rosello Rise Faith , Stewart Bridie , Maher John , Taylor Rosslyn , Pfeffer Amanda , Bell Peter , Barringham Neil ,   others who preferred to withhold their names
Published: June 2018

AbstractAcute mental health inpatient units are complex environments where tensions between clinical and personal recovery can be amplified. The focus for mental health staff is often centred on providing clinical care, whereas from the patient perspective, the admission can represent a profound existential crisis. There are very few user‐led accounts of their experiences of psychiatric inpatient unit. This project was developed in the traditions of Analytic Auto‐Ethnography, a research methodology which provides a systematic process to reflect on our own experience while still producing trustworthy findings. Through this process, a collective narrative and critical reflection of a group of over 20 individuals with experiences of either providing or receiving care in an acute psychiatric inpatient unit was developed. The narrative developed shows that for some the hospital admission was a time of healing; for others, the inpatient unit represented an alien and unsafe environment, which accentuated the strangeness of the experiences of mental ill health. Common themes among the group were that of an overarching need to make sense of what happened leading up to the admissions and to come to terms with the potential impact of the illness on identity and future. This journey can be best described as a process of healing and moving towards ‘wholeness’. Safety, connection, autonomy and control were identified as factors which either facilitated or hindered the process of successfully integrating the various experiences.
Polar domain structural evolution under electric field and temperature in the (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3‐0.06BaTiO3 piezoceramics
Authors: Zhao Jinyan , Zhang Nan , Ren Wei , Niu Gang , Walker David , Thomas Pamela A. , Wang Lingyan , Ye Zuo‐Guang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLead‐free bismuth sodium titanate and related compounds are of great interest as promising candidates for piezoelectric applications. However, the full understanding of this family of materials is still a challenge partly because of their structural complexity and different behaviors with or without the application of an external electric field. Here, piezoresponse force microscopy is used to gain insight into the mesoscopic‐scale domain structure of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition of (1‐x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3‐xBaTiO3 solid solution at x = 0.06 (abbreviated as BNT‐6BT). The evolution of the domains with the changes of the electric field and temperature has been thoroughly examined in conjunction with the crystal structure analysis and dielectric studies. It is found that ferroelectric domains with size of hundreds of nanometers are embedded in a relaxor state without visible domains on a mesoscopic scale, which are considered to contribute to the tetragonal and cubic phases in the material, respectively. Temperature‐independent domain configuration is observed in the unpoled sample from room temperature to 200°C. While, temperature‐dependent domain configuration is observed in the poled sample. The homogenously poled state breaks into the mixed domain configuration containing polydomain structure and invisible state around the so‐called depoling temperature. The structural changes on different length scales are also discussed. This work provides an in‐depth understanding of the structural and domain changes under an electric field and the temperature‐dependent domain evolution in both unpoled and poled states in the BNT‐BT solid solution of the MPB composition.
Exploring barriers and facilitators in the implementation and use of guideline recommendations on antipsychotic drug prescriptions for people with intellectual disability
Authors: Ramerman Lotte , Hoekstra Pieter J. , de Kuijper Gerda 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundIt is unknown why professionals’ adherence to guideline recommendations on antipsychotic drug prescription in the intellectual disabilities care is insufficient. This study aimed to explore barriers and facilitators in the implementation and use of these recommendations.MethodsIn‐depth interviews with four intellectual disability physicians, two psychiatrists and five behavioural scientists were used to explore the implementation and use of guideline recommendations.ResultsBarriers in adhering to recommendations were lack of collaboration of different disciplines involved in the treatment of psychiatric and behavioural disorders and lack of enforcement of an appropriate monitoring of side‐ and treatment effects. When guideline recommendations were translated into organizational policies, clinicians were able to divide responsibilities and tasks, needed to appropriately implement guideline recommendations in daily clinical practice.ConclusionsTo facilitate the use of guideline recommendations, organizations should translate recommendations into organization‐specific policies, involving physicians and behavioural scientists in this process, while simultaneously creating more practical and technological support.
The interplay of riverscape features and exotic introgression on the genetic structure of the Mexican golden trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster), a simulation approach
Authors: Escalante Marco Alejandro , García‐De León Francisco J. , Ruiz‐Luna Arturo , Landguth Erin , Manel Stéphanie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimWe explored the factors between riverscape features and exotic introgression of cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that drive the current genetic structure in the endemic Mexican golden trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster) using a riverscape genetics simulator.LocationSierra Madre Occidental, Northwest Mexico, North America.MethodsWe created a system model for Mexican golden trout to test various scenarios for the effect of riverscape resistance and rainbow trout introgression on the native genetic structure of the Mexican golden trout. Individual genotypes were used to initialize the model and were based upon empirical allele frequencies from three genetically and spatially distinct groups in the study area. The geographical location of the simulated populations was defined using a species distribution model. We included hypotheses for movement of riverine distance and riverscape resistance. We evaluated model performance by conducting population and landscape genetics analyses on the simulation outputs.ResultsThe most plausible scenario included riverscape resistance without introgression, which presented a spatial genetic structure matching the observed riverscape genetic structure and fitting expected general life‐history patterns for high elevation trout streams. In addition, temperature, precipitation, hydrology and topography were the most important variables influencing species occurrence and dispersal.Main conclusionThis work presents one of the first empirically derived simulation studies of introgression. It highlights the importance of considering riverscape resistance (i.e. hydroclimatic and topographical gradient effects) in models of spatial genetic structure and introgression. Moreover, our modelling suggests that what we characterize as riverscape resistance is acting as a boundary against exotic introgression. The results of this study could help to develop management strategies that preserve native gene pools.
Corilagin inhibits breast cancer growth via reactive oxygen species‐dependent apoptosis and autophagy
Authors: Tong Yinping , Zhang Gongye , Li Yang , Xu Jiajia , Yuan Jiahui , Zhang Bing , Hu Tianhui , Song Gang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCorilagin is a component of Phyllanthus urinaria extract and has been found of possessing anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative, and anti‐tumour properties in clinic treatments. However, the underlying mechanisms in anti‐cancer particularly of its induction of cell death in human breast cancer remain undefined. Our research found that corilagin‐induced apoptotic and autophagic cell death depending on reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human breast cancer cell, and it occurred in human breast cancer cell (MCF‐7) only comparing with normal cells. The expression of procaspase‐8, procaspase‐3, PARP, Bcl‐2 and procaspase‐9 was down‐regulated while caspase‐8, cleaved PARP, caspase‐9 and Bax were up‐regulated after corilagin treatment, indicating apoptosis mediated by extrinsic and mitochondrial pathways occurred in MCF‐7 cell. Meanwhile, autophagy mediated by suppressing Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway was detected with an increase in autophagic vacuoles and LC3‐II conversion. More significantly, inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine diphosphate salt (CQ) remarkably enhanced apoptosis, while the caspase inhibitor z‐VAD‐fmk failed in affecting autophagy, suggesting that corilagin‐induced autophagy functioned as a survival mechanism in MCF‐7 cells. In addition, corilagin induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, when reduced by ROS scavenger NAC, apoptosis and autophagy were both down‐regulated. Nevertheless, in SK‐BR3 cell which expressed RIP3, necroptosis inhibitor Nec‐1 could not alleviate cell death induced by corilagin, indicating necroptosis was not triggered. Subcutaneous tumour growth in nude mice was attenuated by corilagin, consisting with the results in vitro. These results imply that corilagin inhibits cancer cell proliferation through inducing apoptosis and autophagy which regulated by ROS release.
Does Herding Behavior Reveal Skill? An Analysis of Mutual Fund Performance
Authors: JIANG HAO , VERARDO MICHELA 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTWe uncover a negative relation between herding behavior and skill in the mutual fund industry. Our new, dynamic measure of fund‐level herding captures the tendency of fund managers to follow the trades of the institutional crowd. We find that herding funds underperform their antiherding peers by over 2% per year. Differences in skill drive this performance gap: Antiherding funds make superior investment decisions even on stocks not heavily traded by institutions, and can anticipate the trades of the crowd; furthermore, the herding‐antiherding performance gap is persistent, wider when skill is more valuable, and larger among managers with stronger career concerns.
Rankings and Risk‐Taking in the Finance Industry
Authors: KIRCHLER MICHAEL , LINDNER FLORIAN , WEITZEL UTZ 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTRankings are omnipresent in the finance industry, yet the literature is silent on how they impact financial professionals' behavior. Using lab‐in‐the‐field experiments with 657 professionals and lab experiments with 432 students, we investigate how rank incentives affect investment decisions. We find that both rank and tournament incentives increase risk‐taking among underperforming professionals, while only tournament incentives affect students. This rank effect is robust to the experimental frame (investment frame vs. abstract frame), to payoff consequences (own return vs. family return), to social identity priming (private identity vs. professional identity), and to professionals' gender (no gender differences among professionals).
Asset Management within Commercial Banking Groups: International Evidence
Authors: FERREIRA MIGUEL A. , MATOS PEDRO , PIRES PEDRO 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTWe study the performance of equity mutual funds run by asset management divisions of commercial banking groups using a worldwide sample. We show that bank‐affiliated funds underperform unaffiliated funds by 92 basis points per year. Consistent with conflicts of interest, the underperformance is more pronounced among those affiliated funds that overweight the stock of the bank's lending clients to a great extent. Divestitures of asset management divisions by banking groups support a causal interpretation of the results. Our findings suggest that affiliated fund managers support their lending divisions’ operations to reduce career concerns at the expense of fund investors.
Systemic Risk in Financial Markets: How Systemically Important Are Insurers?
Authors: Kaserer Christoph , Klein Christian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study investigates how insurers contribute to systemic risk in the global financial system. In a modeling framework embracing publicly traded and nonpublic firms, the financial system is represented by 201 major banks and insurers over the period from 2004 through 2014. In the aggregate, the insurance sector contributes relatively little to systemic losses; during the financial crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis, its risk share averaged 9 percent. Individually, however, several multi‐line and life insurers appear to be as systemically risky as the riskiest banks. Our results, therefore, affirm that some insurers are systemically important and indicate that insurers’ level of systemic risk varies by line of business. We discuss several important implications of our results for managing systemic risk in insurance, arguing for a combination of entity‐ and activity‐based regulation.
Social deontics: A nano‐level approach to human power play
Authors: Stevanovic Melisa 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe notion of “deontic rights”—the capacity of an individual to determine action—is described as a tool to analyze human power plays in the turn‐by‐turn unfolding of social interaction. Drawing on various bodies of literature, the paper portrays the organization of the adjacency‐pair sequence as the key locus of negotiation over deontic rights. How such negotiations happen in practice is also considered. Two deontic patterns instantiating themselves in sequential relations—deontic congruence and deontic incongruence—are discussed. Negotiations of deontic rights are suggested to take place specifically in and through three different forms of deontic incongruence, each of which involves a subtle mismatch between the claims of deontic rights of the first speaker and the recipient's treatment of these claims. These implicit power plays easily escape the eye and are therefore difficult to reflect upon and counteract by the participants themselves, which makes a thorough understanding of these mechanisms important.
Differential arterial and venous endothelial redox responses to oxidative stress
Authors: Shrestha Bandana , Prasai Priya K. , Kaskas Amir M. , Khanna Ankur , Letchuman Vijay , Letchuman Sunjay , Alexander Jonathan Steven , Orr A. Wayne , Woolard Matthew D. , Pattillo Christopher B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveOxidative stress is a central event linked with endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in several vascular pathologies, marked by over‐production of ROS and concomitant decreases in antioxidants, for example GSH. Here, we distinguish endothelial oxidative stress regulation and associated functional disparities in the two main vascular conduits, (arteries and veins) following decreases in GSH.MethodsMAECs and VCECs were used as models of arterial and venular endothelium, respectively, and BSO (0‐100 μmol/L) was used to indirectly increase cellular oxidative stress. Inflammatory responses were measured using immune cell attachment and immunoblotting for endothelial cell adhesion molecule (ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1) expression, altered cell proliferation, and wound healing.ResultsMAECs and VCECs exhibited differential responses to oxidative stress produced by GSH depletion with VCECs exhibiting greater sensitivity to oxidative stress. Compared to MAECs, VCECs showed a significantly increased inflammatory profile and a decreased proliferative phenotype in response to decreases in GSH levels.ConclusionsArterial and venous endothelial cells exhibit differential responses to oxidant stress, and decreases in GSH:GSSG are more exacerbated in venous endothelial cells. Specific pathogenesis in these vascular conduits, with respect to oxidant stress handling, warrants further study, especially considering surgical interventions such as Coronary artery bypass grafting that use both interchangeably.