bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate responsibility and the plurality of market aims
Authors: Smith Jeffery 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA number of recent authors, most notably Joseph Heath, have persausively defended a market‐centered account of corporate responsibility that grounds standards of business conduct upon the normative presuppositions of the market. They have us focus on two important items: first, the value of welfare, or Pareto efficient outcomes, which underwrites the legitimacy of market arrangements; and second, the behavioral requirements needed to assure that corporations conduct business in a manner consistent with this value. This article critically examines the aspirations of this literature by embracing its basic method but questioning how well it understands the aim of the market. It puts forth a limited case for corporate responsibility anchored in other dimensions of the public good, distinct from the value of efficiency, and argues that a plausible understanding of corporate responsibility arises from the notion that market arrangements are sites of delegated social authority to provision other aspects of the common good.
ER alpha selective chromone, isoxazolylchromones, induces ROS‐mediated cell death without autophagy
Authors: Kaushik Swati , Sanawar Rahul , Lekshmi Asha , Chandrasekhar Leena , Nair Mydhily , Bhatnagar Seema , Santhoshkumar Thankayyan Retnabai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChromones are recognized as privileged structures and useful templates for the design of novel compounds with promising pharmacological activity. Several reports implicate chromone scaffold as an antitumor agent. The present study highlights synthesis, docking, and potential activity of isoxazolylchromones, 3(a–f), a new class of compounds as potential agents exhibiting ERα antagonism and ERβ agonism. Molecular docking studies determined the binding site of compounds 3(a–f) in ERα and ERβ. All the analogues synthesized showed preferential cytotoxicity in ERα+ cell line (MCF‐7) compared to ERα‐ cell line (MDA‐MB‐231). Among the analogues synthesized, analogue 3d exhibited increased cytotoxicity. ERα silencing experiments confirmed the ERα selective nature of ligands. Transactivation assay on compound 3d indicated the down‐regulation of ERα luciferase reporter gene expression and induction of ERβ GFP in the treated cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed an increase in sub‐G0/G1 population on treatment with analogue 3d as compared to control. Similar to tamoxifen, 3d‐induced cell death is mediated through an increase in ROS as evidenced by change in roGFP ratio. Interestingly, the compound 3d induced mitochondrial trans‐membrane potential loss and caspase activation without indication of autophagy compared to tamoxifen that induced autophagy in the treated cells. Lack of significant autophagy and induction of ERβ signaling by the new compound place them as a better ERα antagonist.
Clinical assessment of implant‐supported full‐arch immediate prostheses over 6 months of function
Authors: Shen Huidan , Di Ping , Luo Jia , Lin Ye 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the clinical outcomes of implant‐supported full‐arch immediate prosthesis over 6 months of functions and analyze the risk factors of prosthetic complications.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients who were treated with implant‐supported full‐arch restoration under immediate loading protocol between April 2008 and June 2016, and who wore the immediate prosthesis for more than 6 months. Medical charts were reviewed for the patients' general information, implant information, prosthetic information, and details of any prosthetic complications. Prosthetic complications were classified as follows: class I, prosthesis loosening; class II, fewer than three artificial teeth fractured; class III, three or more artificial teeth fractured; and class IV, resin base fractures. A cox proportional hazards ratio model was adopted to analyze the potential risk factors for class IV complications.ResultsA total of 114 patients (mean age, 56.73 ± 10.19 years) and 144 prostheses were included. The average wearing time for the immediate prosthesis was 21.9 months, and 62 (54.39%) patients experienced prosthetic complications, 30 of whom suffered from complications more than once. The most common complications were class II complications (12.3%) during the first 6 months of functioning and class IV complications (28.1%) during the entire function period. Class II complications were more common in the anterior region, while class IV complications occurred more often in the posterior region. The multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that a prosthesis in the maxilla (HR = 3.37, P = .001) and fiber reinforcement (HR = 0.39, P = .021) were significantly related to class IV complications.ConclusionsImplant‐supported full‐arch immediate prosthesis functioning over 6 months have a high prevalence of prosthetic complications. Fiber‐reinforcement could reduce the prevalence of class IV complications when acrylic immediate prosthesis functioned longer than 6 months. Avoiding using the anterior teeth of the immediate prosthesis to tear pliable but strong food may prevent tooth fracture.
Differences in outcome between patients readmitted to index vs non‐index hospital trusts after colorectal resection
Authors: Nepogodiev Dmitri , Coupland Ben , Mytton Jemma , Pinkney Thomas , Smart Neil , Bhangu Aneel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimThe clinical consequences of readmission following major surgery in the English National Health Service are unknown. This study aimed to determine differences in outcome between patients readmitted to index vs non‐index trusts after major surgery.MethodAdult patients who underwent colorectal resection in England in April 2006 to March 2017 were identified in the national Hospital Episodes Statistics dataset. Patients were included if they were readmitted as emergencies within 30 days of initial discharge. The primary outcome measure was all‐cause mortality within 90 days of readmission. Comparisons between patients readmitted to index vs non‐index trusts were adjusted for confounders using multivariable logistic regression. Rectal resection patients were a planned subgroup.ResultsThe readmission rate following colorectal resection was 15.1% (54 680/364 481), with 7.1% (3905/54 680) readmitted to a non‐index trust. The 90‐day mortality following readmission was 7.1% (3874/54 680) overall and 3.9% (652/16 736) in the rectal resection subgroup. The reoperation rate was 19.2% (10 498/54 680) overall and 23.1% (3859/16 736) after rectal resection. Mortality was significantly higher in non‐index [10.9% (427/3905)] vs index trusts [6.8% (3447/507 75), adjusted OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.34–1.68, P < 0.001]. There was an annual average of 14.7 excess deaths in non‐index trusts; only 1.9 of these followed surgical reoperation. In patients who underwent rectal resection, only 0.3 of the total 1.9 excess deaths each year in non‐index trusts followed surgical reoperation.ConclusionDespite a statistical difference, the absolute number of excess deaths attributable to readmission to a non‐index trust is very low, particularly amongst patients requiring reoperation.
Evaluation of cellular adequacy in endometrial liquid‐based cytology
Authors: Nimura Azusa , Ishitani Ken , Norimatsu Yoshiaki , Okada Kaoruko , Akizawa Yoshika , Yanoh Kenji , Hirai Yasuo , Nagashima Yoji , Irino Satoshi , Kobayashi Tadao K. , Tabata Tsutomu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated cellular adequacy in endometrial liquid‐based cytology (LBC) specimens.MethodsIn total, 1267 cases were obtained and the rate of unsatisfactory specimen and diagnostic accuracy for malignancy were assessed. If ≥10 cellular clusters composed of ≤30 endometrial cells were found per specimen, then the sample was provisionally considered adequate.ResultsThe unsatisfactory rate (with fewer than 10 clusters) was 15.4%. Diagnostic accuracy in specimens with ≥10 clusters was significantly higher (90.5% vs 36.4%) than that in specimens with fewer than10 clusters. Moreover, the unsatisfactory rate in patients aged ≥60 years was significantly higher (33.8% vs 13.2%) than that in patients younger than 60 years. Although the unsatisfactory rate was decreased, significant differences were not found between cases with fewer than five clusters (22.6%) and fewer than 10 clusters (33.8%) in patients aged ≥60 years. Diagnostic accuracy in cases with five or more clusters was significantly higher (90.3% vs 0%) than that in cases with fewer than five clusters.ConclusionsWe propose that ≥10 clusters with ≥30 endometrial cells per cluster could be used as a specimen adequacy criterion for endometrial LBC. If ≥10 clusters cannot be found in patients aged ≥60 years, then the use of the alternative criterion of five or more clusters may yield satisfactory specimen adequacy.
S2k guidelines for Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC, neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin) – update 2018
Authors: Becker Jürgen C. , Eigentler Thomas , Frerich Bernhard , Gambichler Thilo , Grabbe Stephan , Höller Ulrike , Klumpp Bernhard , Loquai Carmen , Krause‐Bergmann Albrecht , Müller‐Richter Urs , Pföhler Claudia , Schneider‐Burrus Sylke , Stang Andreas , Terheyden Patrick , Ugurel Selma , Veith Johannes , Mauch Cornelia 
Published: May 2019

SummaryMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC, ICD‐O M8247 / 3) is a rare malignant primary skin tumor with epithelial and neuroendocrine differentiation. The neoplastic cells share many morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics with Merkel cells of the skin. The diagnosis of MCC is rarely made on clinical grounds. Histological and immunohistochemical studies are usually required to confirm the clinical suspicion. Given the frequent occurrence of occult lymph node metastasis, sentinel lymph node biopsy should be performed once distant metastasis has been ruled out by cross‐sectional imaging. Primary tumors without evidence of organ metastases are treated with complete surgical excision with appropriate surgical margins. Radiation therapy should be considered at all stages of the disease.For advanced MCC that is no longer amenable to curative treatment by surgery or radiation therapy, there is currently no established systemic therapy for which an improvement in recurrence‐free survival or overall survival has been demonstrated in a prospective randomized trial. However, immunotherapy using PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade seems to be superior to chemotherapy.Various factors warrant that further diagnostic and therapeutic interventions be determined by an interdisciplinary tumor board. These factors include the tumor's aggressiveness, the frequent indication for sentinel lymph node biopsy along with the frequent occurrence in the head and neck region, the potential indication for adjuvant radiation therapy as well as the complexity of the required diagnostic workup.
Risk or resource: Does school climate moderate the influence of community violence on children’s social‐emotional development in the Democratic Republic of Congo?
Authors: Starkey Leighann , Aber J. Lawrence , Crossman Angela 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExposure to community violence is thought to create risk for the social and emotional development of children, including those children living in low‐income, conflict‐affected countries. In the absence of other types of community resources, schools may be one of the few community resources that can help buffer children from the negative effects of community violence exposure. We sampled 8,300 students ranging in age from 6–18 years in 123 schools from the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo to examine whether and how two distinct dimensions of positive school climate can protect two key features of children's social‐emotional development in the presence of community violence. Multi‐level models tested the hypothesis that students’ perceptions of a positive school climate moderated the relation between community violence and self‐reported mental health problems and peer victimization. Findings support the hypothesis. Specifically, a positive school climate protected against mental health problems and peer victimization in the presence of high community violence. Students who experienced high community violence and a negative school climate generally demonstrated the worst development. We find complex interactions between the dimensions of school climate and exposure to violence on student social‐emotional development that highlight the salience of children's contexts for developmental studies in low‐income countries. We use dynamic developmental systems theory and differential impact to discuss the dual potential of schools as a buffer against the effects of violence or as a source of compounded risk.
Biomass production and energy balance of Miscanthus over a period of 11 years: A case study in a large‐scale farm in Poland
Authors: Dubis Bogdan , Jankowski Krzysztof Józef , Załuski Dariusz , Bórawski Piotr , Szempliński Władysław 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGiant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef and Deuter) and Amur silver grass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus Maxim./Hack) are rhizomatous grasses with a C4 photosynthetic pathway that are widely cultivated as energy crops. For those species to be successfully used in bioenergy generation, their yields have to be maintained at a high level in the long term. The biomass yield (fresh and dry matter [DM] yield) and energy efficiency (energy inputs, energy output, energy gain, and energy efficiency ratio) of giant miscanthus and Amur silver grass were compared in a field experiment conducted in 2007–2017 in North‐Eastern Poland. Both species were characterized by high above‐ground biomass yields, and the productive performance of M. × giganteus was higher in comparison with M. sacchariflorus (15.5 vs. 9.3 Mg DM ha−1 year−1 averaged for 1–11 years of growth). In the first year of the experiment, the energy inputs associated with the production of M. × giganteus and M. sacchariflorus were determined at 70.5 and 71.5 GJ/ha, respectively, and rhizomes accounted for around 78%–79% of total energy inputs. In the remaining years of cultivation, the total energy inputs associated with the production of both perennial rhizomatous grasses reached 13.6–15.7 (M. × giganteus) and 16.9–17.5 GJ ha−1 year−1 (M. sacchariflorus). Beginning from the second year of cultivation, mineral fertilizers were the predominant energy inputs in the production of M. × giganteus (78%–86%) and M. sacchariflorus (80%–82%). In years 2–11, the energy gain of M. × giganteus reached 50 (year 2) and 264–350 GJ ha−1 year−1 (years 3–11), and its energy efficiency ratio was determined at 4.7 (year 2) and 18.6–23.3 (years 3–11). The energy gain and the energy efficiency ratio of M. sacchariflorus biomass in the corresponding periods were determined at 87–234 GJ ha−1 year−1 and 6.1–14.3, respectively. Both grasses are significant and environmentally compatible sources of bioenergy, and they can be regarded as potential energy crops for Central‐Eastern Europe.
Geographies of aesthetic labour and the creative work of grime DJs
Authors: Willment Nina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper undertakes a close examination of the work of grime DJs to demonstrate the value of Cultural Geography scholarship in developing new ways of thinking about work in general, and specifically in approaching the concept of aesthetic labour. In particular, the paper examines three ways in which we can theorise this kind of work and performance. First, the paper notes how value is constituted within fields of cultural judgement and taste, through a discussion of the aesthetic labour involved in the workers' self‐fashioning. Second, it expands the concept of aesthetic labour beyond this self‐fashioning to encompass the staging of value and the associated spaces of embodied performance and the generation of placed atmospherics. Finally, the paper discusses how aesthetic labour has expanded through its implication in the digital geographies and spatialities of creative work. Through these three foci, the paper therefore highlights how Cultural Geography's engagements with aesthetic labour may be productively expanded to help us to investigate the cultural character and spatialities of contemporary creative work.
Effects of intervention intensity on skill acquisition and task persistence in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Neil Nicole M. , Jones Emily A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundModifying intensity is one approach to tailoring intervention to meet the needs of learners with developmental disabilities. This study examined the effects of varying intensity levels of a behaviour analytic intervention on the efficiency of acquisition and task persistence in young children with Down syndrome.MethodsUsing adapted alternating treatment designs, three children were taught expressive language targets when three aspects of the dose of intervention intensity varied: number of opportunities, spacing of opportunities and session duration.ResultsChildren acquired targets faster in conditions in which the spacing of opportunities was shorter than conditions in which the spacing was longer. Two children showed greater expression of positive affect in moderate levels of intensity. Children showed idiosyncratic differences in off‐task behaviour.DiscussionThis research suggests that pacing of opportunities may be an important for understanding acquisition outcomes in a behaviour analytic approach to intervention for communication among young children with Down syndrome.
Inhibition of the type III secretion system by syringaldehyde protects mice from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Lv Qianghua , Chu Xiao , Yao Xinyu , Ma Kelong , Zhang Yong , Deng Xuming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe invasiveness of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is closely associated with the Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI)‐encoded type Ⅲ secretion system (T3SS), which can directly inject a series of effector proteins into eukaryotic cells to enable bacterial infection. In this study, syringaldehyde was identified as an effective inhibitor of the S. Typhimurium T3SS using an effector protein‐lactamase fusion reporter system. Syringaldehyde treatment could inhibit the expression of important effector proteins (SipA, SipB and SipC) at a concentration of 0.18 mM without affecting bacterial growth. Additionally, significant inhibition of bacterial invasion and cellular injury was observed following the syringaldehyde treatment in the co‐infection system of HeLa cells and S. Typhimurium. Furthermore, treatment with syringaldehyde provided systemic protection to mice infected with S. Typhimurium, reducing mortality (40.00%) and bacterial loads and relieving caecal damage and systemic inflammation. The results presented in this study indicate that syringaldehyde significantly affects T3SS activity and is a potential leading compound for treating S. Typhimurium infections.
Molecular characterization and functional analysis of interferon regulatory factor 9 (irf9) in common carp Cyprinus carpio: a pivotal molecule in the Ifn response against pathogens
Authors: Zhu Yaoyao , Shan Shijuan , Feng Hanxiao , Jiang Lei , An Liguo , Yang Guiwen , Li Hua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the present study, interferon (IFN) regulatory factor (IRF) 9 gene (irf9) was identified and characterized in common carp Cyprinus carpio. The predicted protein sequence of Irf9 contains a DNA binding domain (DBD) that possess five tryptophans, an IRF association domain (IAD) and two nuclear localisation signals (NLS). Alignment of Irf9 of C. carpio with the corresponding Irf9 proteins of other species showed that the DBD is more highly conserved than the IAD. The putative Irf9 protein sequence of C. carpio shares higher identities with teleosts (53.8–82.3%) and lower identities with mammals (30.2–31.0%). Phylogenetic studies of the putative amino‐acid sequence of IRF9 based on the neighbour‐joining method showed that Irf9 of C. carpio has the closest relationship with the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Tissue distribution analysis showed that irf9 transcripts were detectable in all examined tissues with the highest expression in the skin and the lowest expression in the head kidney. Poly I:C and Aeromonas hydrophila stimulation up‐regulated irf9 expression in the spleen, head kidney, foregut and hindgut at different time intervals. In addition, irf9 was induced by Poly I:C and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in vitro. These results indicate that Irf9 participates in antiviral and antibacterial immunity. Transfection of irf9 up‐regulated the expression of cytokines, including type I IFN, protein kinase R (PKR), interferon‐stimulated gene (ISG)15 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α in epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells (EPC) upon poly I:C and LPS stimulation. A dual‐luciferase reporter assay revealed that Irf9 has no effect on NF‐κB activation. The present study on Irf9 provides new insights into the IFN system of C. carpio and a valuable experimental platform for future studies on the immune system of fish.
Experimental and computational fluid dynamics modeling of Satureja khuzestanica essential oil extraction during ohmic‐hydrodistillation
Authors: Roohi Reza , Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Bagher 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA 3D computational model was presented to simulate the essential oil extraction process using ohmic‐hydrodistillation. The extraction of Satureja khuzestanica essential oil was performed at three voltages (80, 120, and 160 V) and three NaCl concentrations (0.5, 1, and 1.5% (w/v)). The effect of electrical conductivity variations with temperature and salinity concentration, the imposed electrical potential as well as evaporation‐condensation mechanisms were also taking into account. The variations of system temperature along with the amount of the extracted essential oil during the procedure were numerically calculated and good agreement with the measured experimental data was observed. The evaporation nucleation happened at two distinct locations, namely at the tips of electrodes and near the midsection at regions below the outlet tube. Increasing the NaCl concentration from 0.5 to 1.5% (w/v), led to a 10 min reduction of extraction process for 80 volts’ potential difference while the same amount of salt addition caused twice time reduction (20 min) for 160 volts’ case. Both of NaCl concentration and applied voltage parameters accelerated the extraction process. However, the effect of increasing of the system salinity was more pronounced at higher voltages.Practical applicationsThere are several methods to extract essential oils from different parts of herbs, such as hydro and steam‐distillation. However, these usual techniques have shown some drawbacks. Ohmic heating is a new thermal process that can enhance temperature of products during the passage of electric currents. This technology has many advantages including shorter process time and better energy efficiency compare to usual heating. The utilization of fluid flow and heat transfer governing equations to investigate the performance of ohmic‐hydrodistillation can help design and optimization of this process.