bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid and sensitive virulence prediction and identification of Newcastle disease virus genotypes using third-generation sequencing
Authors: Butt Salman Latif , Taylor Tonya L. , Volkening Jeremy D. , Dimitrov Kiril M. , Williams-Coplin Dawn , Lahmers Kevin K. , Rana Asif Masood , Suarez David L. , Afonso Claudio L. , Marchetti Adrian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNewcastle disease (ND) outbreaks are global challenges to the poultry industry. Effective management requires rapid identification and virulence prediction of the circulating Newcastle disease viruses (NDV), the causative agent of ND. However, these diagnostics are hindered by the genetic diversity and rapid evolution of NDVs. A highly sensitive amplicon sequencing (AmpSeq) workflow for virulence and genotype prediction of NDV samples using a third-generation, real-time DNA sequencing platform is described using both egg-propagated virus and clinical samples. 1D MinION sequencing of barcoded NDV amplicons was performed on 33 egg-grown isolates, (23 unique lineages, including 15 different NDV genotypes), and from 15 clinical swab samples from field outbreaks. Assembly-based data analysis was performed in a customized, Galaxy-based AmpSeq workflow. For all egg-grown samples, NDV was detected and virulence and genotype were predicted. For clinical samples, NDV was detected in ten of eleven NDV samples. Six of the clinical samples contained two mixed genotypes, of which the MinION method detected both genotypes in four of those samples. Additionally, testing a dilution series of one NDV sample resulted in detection of NDV with a 50% egg infectious dose (EID50) as low as 101EID50/ml. This was accomplished in as little as 7 minutes of sequencing time, with a 98.37% sequence identity compared to the expected consensus. The high sensitivity, fast sequencing capabilities, accuracy of the consensus sequences, and the low cost of multiplexing allowed for identification of NDV of different genotypes circulating worldwide. This general method will likely be applicable to other infections agents.
LTP induction boosts glutamate spillover by driving withdrawal of astroglia
Authors: Henneberger Christian , Bard Lucie , Panatier Aude , Reynolds James P. , Kopach Olga , Medvedev Nikolay I. , Minge Daniel , Herde Michel K. , Anders Stefanie , Kraev Igor , Heller Janosch P. , Rama Sylvain , Zheng Kaiyu , Jensen Thomas P. , Sanchez-Romero Inmaculada , Jackson Colin , Janovjak Harald , Ottersen Ole Petter , Nagelhus Erlend Arnulf , Oliet Stephane H.R. , Stewart Michael G. , Nägerl U. Valentin , Rusakov Dmitri A. 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYExtrasynaptic actions of glutamate are limited by high-affinity transporters on perisynaptic astroglial processes (PAPs), which helps to maintain point-to-point transmission in excitatory circuits. Memory formation in the brain is associated with synaptic remodelling, but how this remodelling affects PAPs and therefore extrasynaptic glutamate actions is poorly understood. Here we used advanced imaging methods, in situ and in vivo, to find that a classical synaptic memory mechanism, long-term potentiation (LTP), triggers withdrawal of PAPs from potentiated synapses. Optical glutamate sensors combined with patch-clamp and 3D molecular localisation reveal that LTP induction thus prompts a spatial retreat of glial glutamate transporters, boosting glutamate spillover and NMDA receptor-mediated inter-synaptic cross-talk. The LTP-triggered PAP withdrawal involves NKCC1 transporters and the actin-controlling protein cofilin but does not depend on major Ca2+-dependent cascades in astrocytes. We have therefore uncovered a mechanism by which synaptic potentiation could alter signal handling by multiple nearby connections.
Speciation of reactive sulfur species and their reactions with alkylating agents: do we have any clue about what is present inside the cell?
Authors: Bogdándi Virág , Ida Tomoaki , Sutton Thomas R , Bianco Christopher , Ditrói Tamás , Koster Grielof , Henthorn Hillary A , Minnion Magda , Toscano John P , van der Vliet Albert , Pluth Michael D , Feelisch Martin , Fukuto Jon M , Akaike Takaaki , Nagy Péter 
Published: June 2018

Background and PurposePosttranslational modifications of cysteine residues represent a major aspect of redox biology, and their reliable detection is key in providing mechanistic insights. The metastable character of these modifications and cell lysis‐induced artifactual oxidation render current state‐of‐the‐art protocols to rely on alkylation‐based stabilization of labile cysteine derivatives before cell/tissue rupture. An untested assumption in these procedures is that for all cysteine derivatives, alkylation rates are faster than their dynamic interchange. However, when the interconversion of cysteine derivatives is not rate limiting, electrophilic labelling is under Curtin–Hammett control; hence, the final alkylated mixture may not represent the speciation that prevailed before alkylation.Experimental ApproachBuffered aqueous solutions of inorganic, organic, cysteine, GSH and GAPDH polysulfide species were used. Additional experiments in human plasma and serum revealed that monobromobimane can extract sulfide from the endogenous sulfur pool by shifting speciation equilibria, suggesting caution should be exercised when interpreting experimental results using this tool.Key ResultsIn the majority of cases, the speciation of alkylated polysulfide/thiol derivatives depended on the experimental conditions. Alkylation perturbed sulfur speciation in both a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner and strong alkylating agents cleaved polysulfur chains. Moreover, the labelling of sulfenic acids with dimedone also affected cysteine speciation, suggesting that part of the endogenous pool of products previously believed to represent sulfenic acid species may represent polysulfides.Conclusions and ImplicationsWe highlight methodological caveats potentially arising from these pitfalls and conclude that current derivatization strategies often fail to adequately capture physiological speciation of sulfur species.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Chemical Biology of Reactive Sulfur Species. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.4/issuetoc
Medicago polymorpha-mediated antibacterial silver nanoparticles in the reduction of methyl orange
Authors: Ismail Muhammad , Gul Saima , Khan M.I. , Khan Murad Ali , Asiri Abdullah M. , Khan Sher Bahadar 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The aim of the presented work was to assess the potential of Medicago polymorpha extract to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a green method. It was a simple one-step synthesis approach and the product obtained was characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). At room temperature, the optimum time for the completion of the reaction (i.e. the formation colloidal solution) was just 5 min. FE-SEM images showed that AgNPs were predominantly in spheres, whereas FTIR spectrum analysis inferred that gallic acid present in the extract initially reduced silver ions to elemental silver. The carboxylic and hydroxyl groups of biomolecules present in the extract stabilized AgNPs by passivating the surface to prevent aggregation, resulting in uniform distribution. The antibacterial activity of synthesized AgNPs showed effective inhibitory effects against waterborne pathogens, including Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 μg/ml. Membrane permeability and respiration studies were also performed to assess the surface role of the synthesized AgNPs. The prepared AgNPs exhibited excellent antioxidant activity and catalytic reduction of methyl orange with a rate constant of 6.8×10−3 s−1.
Echocardiographic Methods of Fetal Heart Size Assessmentheart to Chest Area Ratio and Transversal Heart Diameter
Authors: Sylwestrzak Oskar , Respondek-Liberska Maria 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroduction: Ultrasound assessment of fetal heart size (FHS) is widely used and recommended in many guidelines of fetal echocardiography due to its clinical value. The aim of this study was an analysis of some fetal heart measurements: ratio of heart area to chest area (HA/ CA) and transversal diameter of heart (AP) and their correlation to gestational age.Material and methods: This retrospective study was based on database of records of ultrasound and echocardiographic examinations performed in our unit and included fetuses between 15th and 39th week of gestation with no evidence of heart defect or any abnormality.Results: 609 ultrasound examinations were analyzed. The mean HA/CA was 0,30 ± 0,015, with no statistical difference between female and male (p>0,05), and seemed to be relatively constant with slight increase with advancing gestational age. The AP diameter in whole group correlated with gestational age (r=0,94) and there was no difference related to the fetuses gender.Conclusion: The correlation of AP diameter and relative constancy of HA/CA ratio with gestational age presented in our normograms could be used for monitoring fetal development, but also for fetal cardiomegaly assessment.
MATEMATİK ÖĞRETİMİNDE NİTELİĞİ ARTTIRMADA TAŞIYICI SORU ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Gürbüz Mustafa Çağrı , Altun Murat , Ağsu Murat 
Published: June 2018

Matematik
öğretiminde niteliğin nasıl artırılacağı hala tartışılmaktadır. Öğretim
sürecinde öğrenciler, öğrenecekleri konuların içeriğini keyifli ve dikkat
çekici buldukları ölçüde öğrenme ortamına etkin olarak katılım isteği
gösterirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı, matematik öğretiminde niteliği artırmaya
yönelik öğrenme kuram ve
modellerinin etkileyici yönlerini temele alan taşıyıcı
sorunun matematik öğretiminin amaçlarının
gerçekleştirilmesine katkısının incelenmesidir. Bu
amaca ulaşabilmek için kullanılacak metotların belirlenmesinde ve bulguların
yorumlanmasında yol gösterecek özel durum çalışması, araştırmanın deseni olarak
belirlenmiştir. Bu durum çalışması
bir lisenin 9. sınıfında öğrenim gören 24 öğrenci ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmada
nitel veri toplama araçları kullanılmıştır. Öğretimde etkinlikler hazırlanmış
ve etkinlik uygulamaları videoya kaydedilmiş ve analizleri yapılmıştır. Taşıyıcı soru, diğer öğretim tasarımlarından farklı
olarak, öğretim akışının doğal olması ve öğretimin beceri ile bütünleştirilmesine
yer vermesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada taşıyıcı sorunun matematik
öğretim amaçlarını destekleği ve matematik öğretiminde niteliği arttırdığı
belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarının öğretim uygulamalarına olumlu yönde
katkı yapacağı beklenmektedir.
6, 7 VE 8. SINIFLARDA İNGİLİZCE ÖĞRENME SÜRECİNDE KARŞILAŞILAN SORUNLARIN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Şahin Harun , Çelik Feti , Gök Çatal Özlem 
Published: June 2018

Bu
araştırmanın amacı, Ortaokul 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflarda İngilizce öğrenme sürecinde
öğrencilerin karşılaştıkları sorunların belirlenmesi, bu sorunlara çözüm
önerilerinin ortaya konulması ve katılımcılardan toplanan verilerin cinsiyete
ve sınıf düzeylerine göre anlamlı farklar gösterip göstermediğinin
incelenmesidir. Araştırmada “standartlaştırılmış açık uçlu
görüşme tekniği” kullanılmış, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen görüşme formları yoluyla
bilgiler derlenmiştir. Araştırma, 2013-2014 eğitim-öğretim yılında Burdur ili
Bucak ilçe merkezindeki Ortaokul 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflarında
öğrenim gören 390 öğrencinin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler SPSS paket
programından yararlanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucu bulgular
doğrultusunda öğrencilerin; öğretmen, öğrenci, program, çevre, sınıf ve okul,
kitaplar temaları altında sorunlarla karşılaştıkları tespit edilmiş ve bu
sorunlara çözüm önerileri ortaya konulmuştur.
Ayrıca sorunlara ilişkin, öğrencilerden toplanan verilerin cinsiyet
değişkenine göre anlamlı bir fark göstermediği, ancak sınıf düzeyleri
değişkenine göre öğrenci teması altında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark
olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Wet resuspension modelling and validation
Authors: Jankowski T. , Koch M. K. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
An empirical correlation for the estimation of the droplet entrainment from boiling water pools is under development. The correlation is validated on the basis of experiments, taken from test facilities of different scale, which investigate the effect of several boundary conditions on the droplet entrainment. The calculated values for the droplet entrainment are in good agreement with the experimental data, indicating that relevant influences are considered in the developed correlation with an appropriate quantity. Nevertheless, the application of the correlation on scenarios with flashing pools and non-boiling pools with gas flows through the pool surface have to be investigated in the ongoing validation process. Furthermore, other experiments are needed, which consider pools containing surface-active substances to depict the influence of surface tension on the droplet entrainment.
Managing responsiveness in the emergency department: Comparing dynamic priority queue with fast track
Authors: Ferrand Yann B. , Magazine Michael J. , Rao Uday S. , Glass Todd F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEmergency Departments (EDs) commonly face capacity imbalances and long wait times in a service system handling patients with different priorities. These problems are particularly important for low‐priority patients who often remain in the queue for extended periods. We investigate two distinct approaches to address these challenges: fast track (FT) and dynamic priority queue (DPQ). Traditionally, EDs have prioritized patients using an Emergency Severity Index (ESI), in conjunction with FT, to strictly or partially dedicate resources to different ESI patient classes. With our proposed DPQ, patients are prioritized using ESI and additional real‐time operational information about the patient, specifically the amount of accumulated wait time and flow time. Using an empirical simulation, we compare the impact of different resource allocation and prioritization approaches on patient length of stay (LOS), including the existing system at the ED, FT with strict and partial dedication and the possibility of shorter and less variable service times, and versions of the proposed DPQ using simple dynamic prioritization. Our main results are that: (i) the DPQ approach dominates the other approaches tested; (ii) for various ED sizes, FT with strict and partial dedication do not reduce average LOS of low‐priority patients without significantly increasing average LOS of high‐priority patients, unless service time mean and variance are reduced; (iii) DPQ using accumulated wait time or accumulated flow time improves performance. The results are robust to changes in the proportion of patients in each priority level. Overall, expanding decision making about patient prioritization from only considering the patient's clinical condition to also including operational data can improve performance dramatically, even without improved service times.
Isolation of Antithrombin Globulin from Human Blood Plasma
Authors: Shinowara George Y. , Buckley Dimite J. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryFraction III + IV obtained by a low temperature — low ionic strength fractionation procedure was found to contain 97 percent of the antithrombin activity of whole plasma. The mean antithrombin activity in this fraction from 88 normal plasma specimens was 172.6 ± S. D. 19.8 units per ml. Further purification experiments resulted in fraction III representing 96 per cent of the antithrombin activity in fraction III + IV. There was no evidence for fibrinogen, prothrombin and antihemophilic globulin contamination in fraction III. Over 90 per cent of the plasma gamma globulins was present in this fraction.The kinetics of the thrombin-antithrombin reaction were investigated. Under the specific conditions employed, the reaction was found to follow a first order course. The heat of activation was determined to be 11,300 calories. A standard antithrombin unit is defined. A quantitative test procedure which is accurate at both high and low concentrations of the circulating anticoagulant is described and its application on fractions, heat defibrinated plasma and serum is discussed.
Spontaneous Haemophilia in a Female
Authors: Braun E. H , Stollar David B. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA case of haemophilia in a young white girl is described. There was a history of bleeding from birth. The thromboplastin generation test was grossly abnormal and A. H. G. levels were below 1%. Bleeding time and capillary morphology was within normal limits. Dental extraction after transfusion caused almost uncontrollable haemorrhage.A complete family history was obtained for four generations. There was no case of a “bleeder” amongst these.The girl’s apparent sex was confirmed by sex chromatin studies.
Interpreting violence: The 1921 Tulsa Race Riot and its legacy
Authors: Karatzas Konstantinos D. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The article analyses aspects of the 1921 Tulsa, Oklahoma Race Riot and War. In the first part, it presents a brief history of Tulsa, Oklahoma and the reasons that triggered the clash that devastated Greenwood, the black part of Tulsa. The next section focuses on the role of the Red Cross in the relief project for the support of thousands of homeless African Americans, and deals with the long legal struggle for reparations and the role of the legal system in the failure to punish the guilty for the devastation of Greenwood. The last part of the article presents the controversy generated by the renaming of one of Tulsa’s main streets and the direct connection to the city’s violent and racial past. The legacy of segregation is deeply rooted in the American past; the use of the Tulsa Riot and War as a case study demonstrates the impact of racial conflicts on society and the necessity to identify and resolve relevant problems.
‘Don’t make me go back’: Post-feminist retreatism in Doctor Who
Authors: Franke Alyssa , Nicol Danny 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In post-2005 Doctor Who (1963–89, 1996, 2005–present) the female companion has become a seminal figure. This article shows how closely the narratives of the companions track contemporary notions of post-feminism. In particular, companions’ departures from the programme have much in common with post-feminism’s master-theme of retreatism, whereby women retreat from their public lives to find fulfilment in marriage, home and family. The article argues that when companions leave the TARDIS, what happens next ought to embody the sense of empowerment, purpose and agency that they have gained through their adventures, whereas too often the programme’s authors have given companions ‘happy endings’ based on finding husbands and settling down.
Book Reviews
Authors: Jones Bethan , Johnson Beth 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The X-Files, TV Milestones Series, Theresa L. Geller (2016) Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 132 pp., ISBN: 9780814339428, p/bk, $19.99
Contemporary British Television Crime Drama: Cops on the Box, Ruth McElroy (ed.) (2017) London and New York: Routledge, 210 pp., ISBN: 9781472454935, h/bk, £110
Corporate Planning and Its Effects on Customer Satisfaction: A Case Study of MTN Telecommunication Company in North Central Part of Nigeria
Authors: C.N. Aguoru, , M.E. Umogbai, , V. Ozowa, 
Published: June 2018

The overall impact of corporate planning on customer satisfaction was investigated in MTN as a model of the Nigerian Telecommunication company. The multistage sampling technique was used to select 133 experienced staffs of the organisation who were interviewed across three North Central states. Data was analysed using the multivariate statistical approaches on the SPSS software (20.0 version). As a result, the workforce was dominated by employees between 30-39 years of age (56.2%) and first degree holders (60%). Only 6.2% had postgraduate level of education. Good corporate planning is a major component of the company as all indicators are greater than the 3.5 benchmark on the 5 point Lickert scale used. The organisation allocates adequate resources for strategic plans (4.12) and there is effective corporate communication within the firm which improves its performance (4.13). Also, the company establishes strategy supportive policies and operational procedures that lead to customer satisfaction (4.31). Programs for continuous improvement are in place (4.35). Customers purchase airtime frequently, an indicator of customer satisfaction with the highest mean (2.88) which is above the cut-off point of 2.00 on the 4 point Lickert scale. Other indicators with positive records are reported. However, purchase of data bundle by customers failed to meet the minimum benchmark (1.59). Regression analysis showed that both strategic analysis and strategy implementation of the company positively affect its customer satisfaction. Each independent variable had p-values below 0.05 level of significance from all inferential statistical methods applied. The coefficient of determination of the model was .519. The result implied that 51.9 % of the variation in customer satisfaction was explained by the influence of strategic analysis and strategy implementation. Areas that need urgent attention of the stakeholders are highlighted in the report.
A Review of the Properties, Structural Characteristics and Application Potentials of Concrete Containing Wood Waste as Partial Replacement of one of its Constituent Material
Authors: Fapohunda Christopher , Akinbile Bolatito , Oyelade Akintoye 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
There is a growing concern that the sustainability of our built environment is being endangered, due to the uncontrolled and massive use of non-renewable natural resources in the production of structural concrete that is used for the construction of her infrastructure. Alternative material resources are being discovered through myriads of research efforts to address this concern. One of such alternative materials is the wood waste material. This paper presents a comprehensive review of properties, structural behaviour and application potentials of concrete containing wood waste, either in form of saw dust ash (SDA) as partial replacement of cement, or saw dust as partial replacement of fine aggregates, or wood aggregates as partial replacement of coarse aggregates. The results of the review showed that, (i) with appropriate mix design, wood waste, either in the form of saw dust ash, or wood aggregate, or saw dust; can be incorporated into the concrete mix to develop structural concrete that satisfies codes requirements, provided the replacement is not above 20%,.and (ii) concrete incorporating SDA has good durability properties against most of the process of deterioration encountered by concrete in service life. Thus, the use of saw dust waste in concrete will enhance sustainable structural and constructional practices.