bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GiardiaandCryptosporidiumantibody prevalence and correlates of exposure among Alaska residents, 2007–2008
Authors: Mosites E. , Miernyk K. , Priest J.W. , Bruden D. , Hurlburt D. , Parkinson A. , Klejka J. , Hennessy T. , Bruce M.G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGiardia duodenalisandCryptosporidiumspp. are common intestinal protozoa that can cause diarrhoeal disease. Although cases of infection withGiardiaandCryptosporidiumhave been reported in Alaska, the seroprevalence and correlates of exposure to these parasites have not been characterised. We conducted a seroprevalence survey among 887 residents of Alaska, including sport hunters, wildlife biologists, subsistence bird hunters and their families and non-exposed persons. We tested serum using a multiplex bead assay to evaluate antibodies to theGiardia duodenalisvariant-specific surface protein conserved structural regions and to theCryptosporidium parvum17- and 27-kDa antigens. Approximately one third of participants in each group had evidence of exposure toCryptosporidium. Prevalence ofGiardiaantibody was highest among subsistence hunters and their families (30%), among whom positivity was associated with lack of community access to in-home running water (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.28) or collecting rain, ice, or snow to use as drinking water (aPR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.18). Improving in-home water access for entire communities could decrease the risk of exposure toGiardia.
Push versus pull-based loop fusion in query engines
Authors: SHAIKHHA AMIR , DASHTI MOHAMMAD , KOCH CHRISTOPH 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDatabase query engines use pull-based or push-based approaches to avoid the materialization of data across query operators. In this paper, we study these two types of query engines in depth and present the limitations and advantages of each engine. Similarly, the programming languages community has developed loop fusion techniques to remove intermediate collections in the context of collection programming. We draw parallels between databases (DB) and programming language (PL) research by demonstrating the connection between pipelined query engines and loop fusion techniques. Based on this connection, we propose a new type of pull-based engine, inspired by a loop fusion technique, which combines the benefits of both approaches. Then, we experimentally evaluate the various engines, in the context of query compilation, for the first time in a fair environment, eliminating the biasing impact of ancillary optimizations that have traditionally only been used with one of the approaches. We show that for realistic analytical workloads, there is no considerable advantage for either form of pipelined query engine, as opposed to what recent research suggests. Also, by using micro-benchmarks, which demonstrate certain edge cases on which one approach or the other performs better, we show that our proposed engine dominates the existing engines by combining the benefits of both.
A closed-domain question answering framework using reliable resources to assist students
Authors: DERİCİ CANER , AYDIN YİĞİT , YENİALACA ÇİĞDEM , AYDIN NİHAL YAĞMUR , KARTAL GÜNİZİ , ÖZGÜR ARZUCAN , GÜNGÖR TUNGA 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper describes a question answering framework that can answer student questions given in natural language. We suggest a methodology that makes use of reliable resources only, provides the answer in the form of a multi-document summary for both factoid and open-ended questions, and produces an answer also from foreign resources by translating into the native language. The resources are compiled using a question database in the selected domains based on reliability and coverage metrics. A question is parsed using a dependency parser, important parts are extracted by rule-based and statistical methods, the question is converted into a representation, and a query is built. Documents relevant to the query are retrieved from the set of resources. The documents are summarized and the answers to the question together with other relevant information about the topic of the question are shown to the user. A summary answer from the foreign resources is also built by the translation of the input question and the retrieved documents. The proposed approach was applied to the Turkish language and it was tested with several experiments and a pilot study. The experiments have shown that the summaries returned include the answer for about 50–60 percent of the questions. The data bank built for factoid and open-ended questions in the two domains covered is made publicly available.
Children of parents who have been hospitalised with psychiatric disorders are at risk of poor school readiness
Authors: Bell M. F. , Bayliss D.M. , Glauert R. , Harrison A. , Ohan J.L. 
Published: April 2018

Aims.Children of parents with psychiatric disorders are at risk of poor outcomes. However, there is limited evidence regarding the relationship between parental psychiatric disorders and child school readiness, which is linked to later academic achievement. This study aims to investigate these relationships and broaden the evidence underlying the rationale for family-focused interventions for parental psychiatric disorders.Method.This study used linked administrative data. Children's school readiness in multiple developmental domains (physical, social, emotional, communicative, cognitive) was measured by the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) for 19 071 Western Australian children (mean age 5.5 years). Children scoring in the bottom 25% on any AEDC domain were considered developmentally vulnerable, or at risk of vulnerability, on that domain. Biological child–parent pairs were identified using birth records. Parents with psychiatric disorders were identified from hospital records, which included information on diagnosis and frequency/duration of psychiatric admissions. Logistic regressions, adjusted for parent age, mother's marital status, child Aboriginality, child English language status, local community remoteness and socioeconomic index, estimated the odds of children being vulnerable/at-risk on each of the AEDC domains.Results.A total of 719 mothers and 417 fathers had a psychiatric hospitalisation during the study period (12 months prior to the child's birth, up to the end of 2009). Children whose parents had psychiatric disorders had increased odds of being classified as vulnerable/at-risk for school readiness. This increase in odds was evident for both maternal (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.37– 1.51) and paternal psychiatric disorders (aOR 1.38–1.50); and for a single admission of one day (aOR 1.32–1.59), a single admission of multiple days (aOR 1.30–1.47), and multiple admissions (aOR 1.35–1.63). Some variability in child outcome was found depending on the parents’ psychiatric diagnosis (mood, anxiety, substance abuse or comorbid disorder).Conclusions.Children of parents who have been hospitalised with psychiatric disorders are at risk for poor school readiness. These findings add support to recommendations that mental health professionals consider dependent children in discharge and treatment planning for adult psychiatric inpatients. It is also important to ensure that the impact of psychiatric illness in fathers is not overlooked in assessment and intervention. Family-based approaches to adult psychiatric care could meet the dual needs of intervention for parents and preventative measures for children. These findings can inform policy regarding the importance of integrating and coordinating services to meet the needs of families.
Predicting Suicidal Ideation in Adolescent Boys and Girls: The Role of Psychological Maturity, Personality Traits, Depression and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Morales-Vives Fabia , Dueñas Jorge Manuel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn recent years, suicide rates have increased in adolescents and the young population, so these age groups are considered as populations at risk. Considering that suicidal ideation is the first sign of possible future suicide behavior, the objective of this study is to determine the relative importance of psychological maturity, personality, depression and life satisfaction in predicting suicidal ideation in adolescents. Results show that depressive symptoms is the variable that best predicts suicidal ideation, but psychological maturity, life satisfaction and emotional stability are predictors as well (R2 = .51, p < .001). However, the Multigroup Structural Equation Models analyses carried out show that emotional stability has an indirect relationship with suicidal ideation, through its relationship with depressive symptoms, life satisfaction and identity. Two Multigroup Structural Equation Models were proposed to better understand the relationships between these variables for each sex. The results show that the fit of the model that includes the variable Self-reliance is better for boys than for girls (chi-square contributions of 8.175 for girls and 1.978 for boys) unlike the other model (chi-square contributions of 0.288 for girls and 1.650 for boys). These results suggest that the psychological maturity subscale Self-reliance play a role in suicidal ideation in males but not in females. Although there have been no previous studies on the role of psychological maturity as a predictor of suicidal phenomena, the current study suggests that it is a feature to be considered in the prediction of adolescent suicidal ideation.
Do Gender Quotas Really Reduce Bias? Evidence from a Policy Experiment in Southern Africa
Authors: Clayton Amanda 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA well-documented policy experiment reserving seats for women village leaders in India suggests quotas decrease citizens’ gender stereotypes and increase career aspirations and educational attainment for young women and girls. But do these results generalize to cases outside of India? And how long must quotas be in place to observe the positive effects of women’s leadership? I present data from a similar policy experiment in the southern African nation of Lesotho to test whether citizens express less gender bias after 6-years of exposure to quota-elected women village representatives. Relying on surveys and data from in-field Implicit Association Tests, I find no evidence that the quota reduced average measures of citizen gender bias, although I do find weak evidence that the quota caused young women in particular to exhibit more gender-egalitarian attitudes, both explicit and implicit.
Self-Resemblance Modulates Processing of Socio-Emotional Pictures in a Context-Sensitive Manner
Authors: Finke Johannes B. , Zhang Xinwei , Best Daniel R. , Lass-Hennemann Johanna , Schächinger Hartmut 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Relevance of emotional information varies with self-involvement. The current study was undertaken to test whether subtle facial self-resemblance is sufficient to affect attentional and affective processing of complex socio-emotional pictures. Faces digitally manipulated to resemble the participants’ (final sample: N = 21) own versus unfamiliar control faces (form and color morphs) were presented in pictures of emotionally evocative social interactions, that is, threat versus sex scenes. At stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) of either 300 ms or 3,000 ms after picture onset, startle responses were elicited by acoustic white noise bursts (50 ms, 105 dB), and recorded at the orbicularis oculi via electromyography (EMG). The majority of participants remained unaware of the morphing manipulation, and awareness did not affect the principal results. As indexed by inhibition of startle at short lead intervals and by picture-evoked heart rate deceleration, facial self-resemblance modulates effects of motivational salience in a context-sensitive way, increasing prepulse inhibition with threat-related, but not erotic cues. Overall, the present study suggests that visual cues of general motivational significance and of self-relevance are integrated in a fast, presumably automatic manner.
Turbulence Links Momentum and Solute Exchange in Coarse‐Grained Streambeds
Authors: Roche K. R. , Blois G. , Best J. L. , Christensen K. T. , Aubeneau A. F. , Packman A. I. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe exchange of solutes between surface and pore waters is an important control over stream ecology and biogeochemistry. Free‐stream turbulence is known to enhance transport across the sediment‐water interface (SWI), but the link between turbulent momentum and solute transport within the hyporheic zone remains undetermined due to a lack of in situ observations. Here, we relate turbulent momentum and solute transport using measurements within a streambed with 0.04 m diameter sediment. Pore water velocities were measured using endoscopic particle image velocimetry and used to generate depth profiles of turbulence statistics. Solute transport was observed directly within the hyporheic zone using an array of microsensors. Solute injection experiments were used to assess turbulent fluxes across the SWI and patterns of hyporheic mixing. Depth profiles of fluctuations in solute concentration were compared with profiles of turbulence statistics, and profiles of mean solute concentration were compared to an effective dispersion model. Fluorescent visualization experiments at a Reynolds number of
27,000 revealed the presence of large‐scale motions that ejected tracer from the pore waters, and that these events were not present at
= 13,000. Turbulent shear stresses and high‐frequency concentration fluctuations decayed greatly within 1–2 grain diameters below the SWI. However, low‐frequency concentration fluctuations penetrated to greater depths than high‐frequency fluctuations. Comparison with a constant‐coefficient dispersion model showed that hyporheic mixing was enhanced in regions where turbulent stresses were observed. Together, these results show that the penetration of turbulence into the bed directly controls both interfacial exchange and mixing within a transition layer below the SWI.
μ-opioid receptor system mediates reward processing in humans
Authors: Nummenmaa Lauri , Saanijoki Tiina , Tuominen Lauri , Hirvonen Jussi , Tuulari Jetro J. , Nuutila Pirjo , Kalliokoski Kari 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe endogenous μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system regulates motivational and hedonic processing. We tested directly whether individual differences in MOR are associated with neural reward responses to food pictures in humans. We scanned 33 non-obese individuals with positron emission tomography (PET) using the MOR-specific radioligand [11C]carfentanil. During a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan, the subjects viewed pictures of appetizing versus bland foods to elicit reward responses. MOR availability was measured in key components of the reward and emotion circuits and used to predict BOLD-fMRI responses to foods. Viewing palatable versus bland foods activates regions involved in homeostatic and reward processing, such as amygdala, ventral striatum, and hypothalamus. MOR availability in the reward and emotion circuit is negatively associated with the fMRI reward responses. Variation in MOR availability may explain why some people feel an urge to eat when encountering food cues, increasing risk for weight gain and obesity.
RPAP3 provides a flexible scaffold for coupling HSP90 to the human R2TP co-chaperone complex
Authors: Martino Fabrizio , Pal Mohinder , Muñoz-Hernández Hugo , Rodríguez Carlos F. , Núñez-Ramírez Rafael , Gil-Carton David , Degliesposti Gianluca , Skehel J. Mark , Roe S. Mark , Prodromou Chrisostomos , Pearl Laurence H. , Llorca Oscar 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe R2TP/Prefoldin-like co-chaperone, in concert with HSP90, facilitates assembly and cellular stability of RNA polymerase II, and complexes of PI3-kinase-like kinases such as mTOR. However, the mechanism by which this occurs is poorly understood. Here we use cryo-EM and biochemical studies on the human R2TP core (RUVBL1–RUVBL2–RPAP3–PIH1D1) which reveal the distinctive role of RPAP3, distinguishing metazoan R2TP from the smaller yeast equivalent. RPAP3 spans both faces of a single RUVBL ring, providing an extended scaffold that recruits clients and provides a flexible tether for HSP90. A 3.6 Å cryo-EM structure reveals direct interaction of a C-terminal domain of RPAP3 and the ATPase domain of RUVBL2, necessary for human R2TP assembly but absent from yeast. The mobile TPR domains of RPAP3 map to the opposite face of the ring, associating with PIH1D1, which mediates client protein recruitment. Thus, RPAP3 provides a flexible platform for bringing HSP90 into proximity with diverse client proteins.
Observation of Wavelength Tuning and Bound States in Fiber Lasers
Authors: Xiang Yang , Luo Yiyang , Liu Bowen , Yan Zhijun , Sun Qizhen , Liu Deming 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe report an experimental observation of wavelength tuning and bound states in fiber lasers. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is adopted as an intra-cavity tunable filter to realize large-scale wavelength tuning and bandwidth controlling. By finely manipulating the MZI and intra-cavity polarization state, continuous wavelength-tunable operation from 1550.7 nm to 1580.8 nm is achieved. Meanwhile, the spectral bandwidth varying from 1.85 nm to 3.41 nm is also controlled by broadening the free spectrum range (FSR) of the MZI. Additionally, with modest polarization adjustment, both tightly and loosely bound states are experimentally observed, which can be validated by the numerical simulations. The results indicate that the proposed fiber laser is attractive for telecommunication systems, on account that the tuning feature can be applied to wavelength-division multiplexer (WDM) and the various soliton bound states could contribute to the high-level modulation format.
Low Mother-to-Child CCL22 Chemokine Levels Are Inversely Related to Mite Sensitization and Asthma in Early Childhood
Authors: Chiu Chih-Yung , Su Kuan-Wen , Tsai Ming-Han , Hua Man-Chin , Liao Sui-Ling , Lai Shen-Hao , Chen Li-Chen , Yao Tsung-Chieh , Yeh Kuo-Wei , Huang Jing-Long 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFew studies have addressed the mother-to-child transmission of Th2 immunity and the impact on the development of atopic diseases in early childhood. We investigated 186 children who were followed-up regularly for 4 years in a birth cohort study. The levels of Th2 related chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17) and CCL22 were quantified in cord blood and at 1.5 years-of-age using multiplex Luminex kits. The levels of 125 pairs of CCL17 and CCL22 chemokines from birth to 1.5 years were recorded in this study. UsingK-means clustering, only the declining trend of CCL22 levels was separately clustered (cluster A, n = 51; cluster B, n = 46; cluster C, n = 28). Mothers of children with higher CCL22 chemokine levels at birth were significantly more likely to displayDermatophagoides pteronyssinussensitization. A lower CCL22 level at birth with a slight rise during infancy was associated with higher prevalence of mite sensitization and a higher risk of asthma at 3 years-of-age (P = 0.014). In conclusion, low mother-to-child Th2-associated chemokine CCL22 levels appear to be inversely related to mite sensitization and the risk of asthma development in early childhood.
Long-term dataset on aquatic responses to concurrent climate change and recovery from acidification
Authors: Leach Taylor H. , Winslow Luke A. , Acker Frank W. , Bloomfield Jay A. , Boylen Charles W. , Bukaveckas Paul A. , Charles Donald F. , Daniels Robert A. , Driscoll Charles T. , Eichler Lawrence W. , Farrell Jeremy L. , Funk Clara S. , Goodrich Christine A. , Michelena Toby M. , Nierzwicki-Bauer Sandra A. , Roy Karen M. , Shaw William H. , Sutherland James W. , Swinton Mark W. , Winkler David A. , Rose Kevin C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractConcurrent regional and global environmental changes are affecting freshwater ecosystems. Decadal-scale data on lake ecosystems that can describe processes affected by these changes are important as multiple stressors often interact to alter the trajectory of key ecological phenomena in complex ways. Due to the practical challenges associated with long-term data collections, the majority of existing long-term data sets focus on only a small number of lakes or few response variables. Here we present physical, chemical, and biological data from 28 lakes in the Adirondack Mountains of northern New York State. These data span the period from 1994–2012 and harmonize multiple open and as-yet unpublished data sources. The dataset creation is reproducible and transparent; R code and all original files used to create the dataset are provided in an appendix. This dataset will be useful for examining ecological change in lakes undergoing multiple stressors.
Lexical and Grammatical Factors in Sentence Production in Semantic Dementia: Insights From Greek
Authors: Koukoulioti Vasiliki , Stavrakaki Stavroula , Konstantinopoulou Eleni , Ioannidis Panagiotis 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Language production in semantic dementia (SD) is characterized by a lexical–semantic deficit and largely preserved argument structure and inflection production. This study investigates (a) the effect of argument structure on verb retrieval and (b) the interrelation between inflection marking and verb retrieval in SD.

Method

Seven individuals with SD and 7 healthy controls performed 2 sentence elicitation tasks. In Experiment 1, participants described the action taking place in a video. In Experiment 2, they watched the same videos preceded by a phrase prompting the production of past tense. Three verb classes were tested: (a) unergative (e.g.,
to walk
), (b) unaccusative (e.g.,
to fall
), and (c) transitive with 1 object (e.g.,
to read a book
).

Results
There was not any quantitative difference among the verb classes in Experiment 1, but error analysis hinted at difficulties related with argument structure complexity. The findings of Experiment 2 suggest no general effect of inflection on verb retrieval; nevertheless, inflection marking impeded the retrieval of verbs with complex argument structure. Large individual variation was established.

Conclusions
Argument structure complexity may challenge speakers with SD. Verb retrieval and inflection marking seem to interrelate at the expense of the former. Inflection production may be affected at severe stages of the disease.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6030779
Hybrid opto‐electronic oscillator for single‐sideband microwave photonics
Authors: Thorette A. , Romanelli M. , Bouhier S. , Van Dijk F. , Vallet M. , Alouini M. 
Published: April 2018

A single‐sideband opto‐RF oscillator based on a monolithic InGaAsP chip containing two distributed feedback (DFB) lasers is demonstrated. The heterodyne signal is stabilised by a hybrid method, combining optical and electronic feedback. It leads to a locking of the beating frequency onto a filtered version of itself. The table‐top setup provides a phase noise level down to −75 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset from a 10 GHz carrier. Potential phase noise improvement and integration scheme in a single component are discussed.
Study on the method of colour image noise reduction based on optimal channel‐processing
Authors: Wang Yutan , Dai Yingpeng , Liu Xiangnan , Liu Bohan , Guo Xiaoyun 
Published: April 2018

The methods of the image noise reduction based on optimal channel‐processing to enhance image quality are studied. According to different noise with the different ratio in colour components, different noise reduction technologies are used for noise reduction. Then the optimal algorithm is automatically selected as the ultimate way of noise reduction in each channel. For the purpose of optimal noise reduction effect, this study presents a method of combining the quadratic optimisation with the variable window processing. The quadratic optimisation provides a good environment for noise reduction by decreasing complexity of mixed noise and the variable window processing calibrates the image smoothing result. Compared with mean filtering, median filtering and adaptive filtering, the image quality processed by the proposed algorithm is generally improved by >2 dB.