bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exocrine tissue-driven TFF2 prevents apoptotic cell death of endocrine lineage during pancreas organogenesis
Authors: Hirata Koji , Kodama Sota , Nakano Yasuhiro , Minaki-Nakagawa Yasuko , Aoyama Yoshiki , Sakikubo Morito , Goto Toshihiko , Yoshida Masahiro , Masui Toshihiko , Yamamoto Takuya , Uemoto Shinji , Kawaguchi Yoshiya 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDuring embryogenesis, exocrine and endocrine pancreatic tissues are formed in distinct regions within the branched ductal structure in mice. We previously reported that exocrine-specific inactivation of Pdx1 by Elastase-Cre caused not only hypoplastic exocrine formation but also substantial endocrine defects resulting in diabetic phenotype, indicating the existence of an exocrine-driven factor(s) that regulates proper endocrine development. In this study, we identified Trefoil Factor 2 (TFF2) as an exocrine gene expressed from embryonic day 16.5 to adulthood in normal mice but significantly less in our Pdx1 mutants. Using in vitro explant culture of embryonic pancreatic tissue, we demonstrated that TFF2 prevented the apoptosis of insulin-producing cells but that antagonizing CXCR4, a known TFF2 receptor, suppressed this anti-apoptotic effect in the mutants. Furthermore, the antagonist in normal pancreatic tissue accelerated the apoptosis of insulin-producing cells, indicating that the TFF2/CXCR4 axis maintains embryonic insulin-producing cells in normal development. TFF2 also suppressed the apoptosis of Nkx6.1+ endocrine precursors in mutant pancreata, but this effect was unperturbed by the CXCR4 antagonist, suggesting the existence of an unknown receptor for TFF2. These findings suggest TFF2 is a novel exocrine factor that supports the survival of endocrine cells in the multiple stages of organogenesis through distinct receptors.
Physical-chemical measurement method development for self-assembled, core-shell nanoparticles
Authors: Farkas Natalia , Scaria Puthupparampil V. , Woodle Martin C. , Dagata John A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractImprovements in dimensional metrology and innovations in physical-chemical characterization of functionalized nanoparticles are critically important for the realization of enhanced performance and benefits of nanomaterials. Toward this goal, we propose a multi-technique measurement approach, in which correlated atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy measurements are used to assess molecular and structural properties of self-assembled polyplex nanoparticles with a core-shell structure. In this approach, measurement methods are first validated with a model system consisting of gold nanoparticles functionalized with synthetic polycationic branched polyethylenimine macromolecules. Shell thickness is measured by atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering, and the polyelectrolyte uptake determined by chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric analysis. Statistical correlation between size, structure and stability provide a basis for extending the methods to more complex self-assembly of nucleic acids and macromolecules via a condensation reaction. From these size and analytical chemical measurements, we obtain a comprehensive spatial description of these assemblies, obtain a detailed interpretation of the core-shell evolution, and identify regions of the parameter space where stable, discrete particle formation occurs.
Computational and spectroscopic analysis of interaction between food colorant citrus red 2 and human serum albumin
Authors: Wu Di , Wang Jinqiu , Liu Dayu , Zhang Yin , Hu Xia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe main aim of this work was to gain insight into the binding properties between a food colorant, citrus red 2 (CR), and human serum albumin (HSA), which is the predominant protein in blood plasma. Here, computer simulations and multiple spectroscopies were applied to predict and characterize the interaction between CR and HSA. Docking and molecular dynamics presented a stable binding configuration with low fluctuations. Fluorescence spectroscopy and lifetime results suggested that the CR–HSA combination undergoes static quenching mechanism with binding constant of 105 L/mol. Displacement analysis showed the binding of CR at site I of HSA, which agrees with the docking results. The binding process occured spontaneously and was mainly driven by electrostatic interactions. Synchronous fluorescence and circular dichroism measurements demonstrate the changes in the microenvironment residues and α-helix contents of HSA induced by CR. The computational and experimental techniques are complementary to clearly understand the food colorant transportation and bioaccumulative toxicity in the human body.
Hexagonal germanium formation at room temperature using controlled penetration depth nano-indentation
Authors: Dushaq Ghada , Nayfeh Ammar , Rasras Mahmoud 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThin Ge films directly grown on Si substrate using two-step low temperature growth technique are subjected to low load nano-indentation at room temperature. The nano-indentation is carried out using a Berkovich diamond tip (R ~ 20 nm). The residual impressions are studied usingex-situRaman Micro-Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy combined system, and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The analysis of residual indentation impressions and displacement-load curves show evidence of deformation by phase transformation at room temperature under a critical pressure ranging from 4.9GPa–8.1GPa. Furthermore, the formation of additional Ge phases such as r8-Ge, hd-Ge, and amorphous Ge as a function of indentation depth have been realized. The inelastic deformation mechanism is found to depend critically on the indentation penetration depth. The non-uniform spatial distribution of the shear stress depends on the indentation depth and plays a crucial role in determining which phase is formed. Similarly, nano-indentation fracture response depends on indentation penetration depth. This opens the potential of tuning the contact response of Ge and other semiconductors thin films by varying indentation depth and indenter geometry. Furthermore, this observed effect can be reliably used to induce phase transformation in Ge-on-Si with technological interest as a narrow band gap material for mid-wavelength infrared detection.
Perspectives on the expansion of human precision oncology and genomic approaches to sea turtle fibropapillomatosis
Authors: Duffy David J. , Martindale Mark Q. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOur recent Communications Biology research article revealed the genomic drivers and therapeutic vulnerabilities of sea turtle fibropapillomatosis tumors. Fibropapillomatosis is a debilitating tumorous disease afflicting populations of green sea turtles globally. While a virus is involved in the development of this disease, it is increasingly understood that the key trigger is linked to anthropogenic disturbances of the environment. The specific environmental co-trigger(s) has yet to be functionally confirmed. Here we outline the next steps required to advance our understanding of this enigmatic disease, to enable us to more effectively clinically combat it and to ultimately tackle its environmental co-trigger to halt and hopefully reverse the spread of fibropapillomatosis.
Comprehensive comparison and analysis of non‐inverting buck boost and conventional buck boost converters
Authors: Weng Xing , Xiao Xiang , He Weibin , Zhou Yongyan , Shen Yu , Zhao Wei , Zhao Zhengming 
Published: February 2019

The non‐inverting buck boost (NIBB) converter has attracted significant attention in recent years, as it shares ground between input and output, and the voltage stress of switches is lower. In order to investigate the differences between NIBB and conventional buck boost converters, a comprehensive comparison and analysis of these two converters were conducted in terms of their operation principles, which includes multi‐mode control strategy and dual‐edge modulation here, and also the characteristics of switches and passive components in the two converters were analysed. The results show that NIBB is better than conventional buck boost circuit in these aspects of electrical stress, power loss, cost, passive component volume, and so on. Two prototypes for the two converters with 10 kW/20 kHz were designed and simulated, respectively, for verifying the results. Analytical and simulated results confirmed the conclusions.
Effect of young's modulus of porcine ligamentum flavum on the epidural needle insertion
Authors: Naemura Kiyoshi , Matsumoto Yoshikazu , Saito Hideya 
Published: February 2019

In order to predict how much the human ligamentum flavum will be deformed and tented during insertion of an epidural needle, experiments with the porcine spines were done to check the effect of Young's modulus of the porcine ligamentum flavum. Porcine ligamentum flavums were harvested with vertebral bones and trimmed in rectangle shape. The epidural needle was inserted at 0.8 mm/s with a linear actuator from perpendicular to stretch direction of the specimens. Reaction force as insertion resistance with a load cell and side view of the specimen and the needle as deformation of the ligamentum flavum with a CCD camera were recorded synchronously. As results, width of vertebral bones related the maximum deformation, while no relation was observed between width of vertebral bones and the maximum insertion force. Young's modulus affected the maximum insertion force. Human ligamentum flavum has longer width of vertebral bones and larger Young's modulus. Thus, larger maximum deformation and higher maximum insertion force for the human ligamentum flavum were predicted.
L’émergence d’une socioéconomie écologique. Lecture croisée de trois ouvrages récents
Authors: Petit Olivier 
Published: February 2019

L’objectif de ce texte est de proposer, à partir d’une lecture croisée de trois ouvrages récents relevant de la socioéconomie écologique, une analyse des fondements et des thématiques principales de ce champ d’étude en cours d’émergence. Après avoir brièvement présenté l’architecture générale de chacun de ces trois livres, nous revenons sur la distinction opérée entre les nouveaux économistes des ressources, les nouveaux pragmatistes de l’environnement et les tenants de la socioéconomie écologique, pour en relever les clivages principaux. Nous développons ensuite la perspective empruntée par ce dernier courant, en exposant ses fondements ontologiques, épistémologiques et méthodologiques, puis en déclinant, à partir d’un certain nombre de thèmes structurants, les principaux enjeux et débats actuellement à l’œuvre dans ce domaine.
Incision and Drainage with Daily Irrigation for the Treatment of Auricular Pseudocyst
Authors: Abdel Tawab Hazem , Tabook Salim 
Published: February 2019

Introduction Pseudocyst of the pinna is a rare condition that occurs when fluid accumulates in the intercartilagenous space of the auricle. The main goal when treating this condition is to keep acceptable cosmetic results with no recurrence rate.
Objective To demonstrate the superior impact of incision and drainage of auricular pseudocysts with the insertion of a catheter drain and daily irrigation as the treatment of this condition.
Methods A total of 42 patients with auricular pseudocysts were enrolled in the present study in the period between May 2011 and May 2017. All of the patients were treated with incision and drainage with compression. The average follow-up time reached ∼ 6 months in all of the cases.
Results All of the patients had satisfactory cosmetic results with no recurrence and no complications.
Conclusion Among the different methods of surgical treatment of pseudocyst of the pinna, incision and drainage with daily irrigation is a significantly efficient method both for the eradication of auricular pseudocysts and for good cosmetic results.
How Patients Use a Patient Portal: An Institutional Case Study of Demographics and Usage Patterns
Authors: Tsai Raymond , Bell Elijah , Woo Hawkin , Baldwin Kevin , Pfeffer Michael 
Published: February 2019

Background Given the widespread electronic health record adoption, there is increasing interest to leverage patient portals to improve care.
Objective To determine characteristics of patient portal users and the activities they accessed in the patient portal.
Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of patient portal usage at University of California, Los Angeles, Health from July 2014 to May 2015. A total dataset of 505,503 patients was compiled with 396,303 patients who did not register for the patient portal and 109,200 patients who registered for a patient portal account. We compared patients who did not register for the online portal to the top 75th percentile of users based on number of logins, which was done to exclude those who only logged in to register. Finally, to avoid doing statistical analysis on too large of a sample and overpower the analysis, we performed statistical tests on a random sample of 300 patients in each of the two groups.
Results Patient portal users tended to be older (49.45 vs. 46.22 years in the entire sample, p = 0.008 in the random sample) and more likely female (62.59 vs. 54.91% in the entire sample, p = 0.035 in the random sample). Nonusers had more monthly emergency room (ER) visits on average (0.047 vs. 0.014, p < 0.001). The most frequently accessed activity on the portal was viewing laboratory results (79.7% of users looked at laboratory results).
Conclusion There are differences between patient portal users and nonusers, and further understanding of these differences can serve as foundation for further investigation and possible interventions to drive patient engagement and health outcomes.
Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Focus on Safety and Completeness of Revascularization
Authors: Neumann Anneke , Vöhringer Luise , Fischer Julia , Mustafi Migdat , Schneider Wilke , Krüger Tobias , Schlensak Christian 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass might be advantageous, but the role of off-pump CABG (OPCAB) remains controversial, as it has been associated with incomplete revascularization in several studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and outcome of OPCAB surgery in ACS patients.
Methods We performed a retrospective review of ACS patients who underwent on-pump CABG (ONCAB) or OPCAB, either emergently or delayed, at our institution.
Results Between January 2015 and December 2016, a total of 205 consecutive ACS patients underwent either ONCAB (109 patients, 53.2%) or OPCAB surgery (96 patients, 46.8%). EuroSCORE II levels (5.6 ± 7.2 vs 4.9 ± 6.5, p = 0.226) and demography were comparable between groups.A trend towards lower postoperative mortality was observed in OPCAB patients (2.1 vs 5.5%). The incidence of postoperative stroke and low cardiac output syndrome, as well as the duration of inotropic support and the need for re-sternotomy, was significantly lower in the OPCAB group (p < 0.05).CABG performed instantly in an emergency situation was not associated with increased mortality or morbidity when compared with delayed procedures, and OPCAB surgery in emergency patients was associated with lower postoperative morbidity and shorter stays in the intensive care unit (p < 0.05).There were no differences in completeness of revascularization between groups (median 1 [1–1.33;0.33–1.67] OPCAB versus median 1 (1–1.33;0.67–2) ONCAB, p = 0.617), even in the emergency setting.
Conclusion OPCAB surgery is safe and effective in ACS and may be considered in hemodynamically stable patients in the emergency setting.
Diagnosing Recurrent DVT of the Leg by Two Different Non–Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Direct Thrombus Imaging Techniques: A Pilot Study
Authors: Dronkers Charlotte , Klok Frederikus , van Langevelde Kirsten , Šrámek Alexandr , van Haren Guido , Huisman Menno , de Roos Albert , Kroft Lucia 
Published: February 2019

Introduction Magnetic resonance direct thrombus imaging (MRDTI) is a promising technique to improve the diagnostic management of patients with a suspected ipsilateral recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) by direct visualization of a thrombus. Another magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, T1-weighted turbo spin-echo spectral attenuated inversion recovery (TSE-SPAIR), has the potential to image a thrombus directly with a high spatial resolution as well. The main aim of this pilot study was to investigate if adding the TSE-SPAIR sequence to an MRDTI sequence performed in patients with suspected recurrent DVT may increase the diagnostic confidence of expert MRDTI readers.
Methods Fifteen patients with suspected acute recurrent DVT were included in this study. The TSE-SPAIR sequence was scanned directly after the MRDTI scan but not used to guide clinical decision making, and both scans were adjudicated post hoc two times separately by three independent expert MRDTI readers. Diagnostic confidence was scored on a 4-point Likert scale: (1) poor (definite diagnosis impossible), (2) fair (evaluation of major findings possible), (3) good (definite diagnosis possible), and (4) excellent (exact diagnosis possible).
Results The diagnostic confidence of expert readers increased when adding the TSE-SPAIR sequence on top of the MRDTI sequence from “good” (median, 3.0; interquartile range [IQR], 2.66–3.0) to “excellent” (median, 3.67; IQR 3.33–3.67; p = 0.001). Evaluation of the scans in the reversed order 5 months after initial reading showed similar results. Diagnostic accuracy for proximal DVT of both scan techniques was good.
Conclusion The extra TSE-SPAIR sequence may help increase diagnostic confidence of radiologists in cases of uncertain diagnosis in patients with suspected ipsilateral recurrent DVT.
4 Photocatalytic Oxidative C—C Bond Formation
Authors: Pandey G. , Laha R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis chapter summarizes some important examples of carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions at the α-position of tertiary amines using photoredox catalysis. The photocatalytic single-electron oxidation of tertiary amines leads to the generation of an amine radical cation, from which two highly reactive and synthetically useful intermediates, iminium ions and α-aminoalkyl radicals, can be produced. Iminium ion intermediates, being electrophilic in nature, react with a range of carbon nucleophiles forming new carbon–carbon bonds. On the other hand, the α-aminoalkyl radical, an electron-rich radical, adds efficiently to electron-deficient unsaturated systems resulting in carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions. This chapter also highlights some examples of carbon–carbon bond-forming reaction by nucleophilic/radical addition to photocatalytically generated arene radical cations.
13 Flavins in Photocatalysis
Authors: Metternich J. B. , Mudd R. J. , Gilmour R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInspired by naturally occurring biological processes, flavins have proven to be versatile organic frameworks for a wide variety of catalytic, photochemical procedures. Grounded in the photochemical activation mechanisms that are synonymous with flavins, this chapter surveys the photophysical and structural foundations of selected examples in flavin photocatalysis.
17 Photocatalytic Carbon—Heteroatom Bond Formation
Authors: Ruffoni A. , Leonori D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis chapter summarizes recent developments in the field of visible-light-mediated photoredox catalysis in the context of carbon–heteroatom bond formation. The discussion is organized by heteroatom, with further subgroups based on specific functionalities. Emphasis is placed on the scope and limitations of the reactions described.
18 Photocatalytic Introduction of Fluorinated Groups
Authors: Koike T. , Akita M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFluorinated groups are prevalent in pharmaceutical and agrochemical compounds as they significantly influence the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties of a molecule in biological systems. Photocatalytic radical processes enable the facile introduction of fluorinated groups into various organic skeletons. This chapter presents recent representative works and standard procedures to achieve such processes.
20 Photocatalysis in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: DiRocco D. A. , Schultz D. M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractApplications of visible-light-photocatalyzed transformations utilized throughout drug development are highlighted. Specifically, transformations that proceed on both small and large drug-like targets, provide direct access to unique derivatives, and are amenable to scale up are discussed. Moreover, several industrial–academic collaborations are presented to showcase the development of new photochemical methodologies to address current synthetic challenges.
When Art Can’t Lie
Authors: Cooke Brandon 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Pre-philosophically, an artwork can lie in virtue of some (perhaps successfully realized) authorial intention that the audience comes to accept as true something that the author believes to be false. This thought forces a confrontation with the debate about the relation between the interpretation of a work and the intentions of its author. Anti-intentionalist theories of artwork meaning, which divorce work meaning from the actual author’s intentions, cannot license the judgment that an artwork lies. But if artwork lying is a genuine possibility, then anti-intentionalism must be rejected as false.
Lying with Pictures
Authors: Viebahn Emanuel 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Pictures are notably absent from the current debate about how to define lying. Theorists in this debate tend to focus on linguistic means of communication and do not consider the possibility of lying with photographs, drawings and other kinds of pictures. The aim of this paper is to show that such a narrow focus is misguided: there is a strong case to be made for the possibility of lying with pictures and this possibility allows for insights concerning the question of how lying should be defined.
Movement of juvenile tuna deduced from parasite data
Authors: Moore Bradley R , Lestari Pratiwi , Cutmore Scott C , Proctor Craig , Lester Robert J G 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The movements, and hence stock structures, of bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus, and yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, remain poorly defined despite their importance to food security, livelihoods and government revenue in many nations. We examined the parasite fauna of juvenile bigeye tuna and juvenile yellowfin tuna from areas within and outside Indonesia to determine how far they may have moved since metamorphosis and acquisition of a piscivorous diet. Patterns in parasite data between collection areas were consistent between the two tuna species. Fish from two outlier areas, Maldives and the Solomon Islands, harboured a distinct parasite fauna from those from adjacent Indonesian areas, although occasionally showed similarity with those from within the Indonesian archipelago. Within Indonesia, the parasite data indicated that few juvenile fish moved west from the Pacific Ocean into the archipelago and few moved west from the archipelago into the eastern Indian Ocean. While sampling of adult fish is required to fully resolve the stock structure of both tuna species, the results provide a necessary first-step in examining structuring of the two tuna species in Indonesia and indicate that juveniles of both species may have more restricted movement than is recognized in current management arrangements.