bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Household food waste disposal in South Africa: A case study of Johannesburg and Ekurhuleni
Authors: Oelofse Suzan , Muswema Aubrey , Ramukhwatho Fhumulani 
Published: May 2018

Food waste is becoming an important issue in light of population growth and global food security concerns. However, data on food wastage are limited, especially for developing countries. Global estimates suggest that households in developed countries waste more food than those in developing countries, but these estimates are based on assumptions that have not been tested. We therefore set out to present primary data relating to household food waste disposal for South Africa within the sub-Saharan African context. As the Gauteng Province contributes about 45% of the total municipal waste generated in South Africa, the case study area covers two of the large urban metropolitan municipalities in Gauteng, namely Ekurhuleni and Johannesburg, with a combined population of 8.33 million, representing nearly 15% of the South African population. Municipal solid waste characterisation studies using bulk sampling with randomised grab sub-sampling were undertaken over a 6-week period during summer in 2014 (Johannesburg) and 2016 (Ekurhuleni), covering a representative sample of the municipal waste collection routes from households in each of the two surveyed municipalities. The food waste component of the household waste (excluding garden waste) was 3% in Ekurhuleni and 7% in Johannesburg. The results indicate that an average of 0.48 kg (Ekurhuleni) and 0.69 kg (Johannesburg) of food waste (including inedible parts) is disposed of into the municipal bin per household per week in the two municipalities, respectively. This translates into per capita food waste disposal of 8 kg and 12 kg per annum, respectively, in South Africa as compared to the estimated 6–11 kg per annum in sub-Saharan Africa and South and Southeast Asia.
Significance:

Research on food waste in developing countries is limited.
This study is the first of its kind undertaken in South Africa.
Food waste research is important to address food security issues.
This study provides evidence to support Sustainable Development Goal 12.3.
¿Son posibles otras educaciones para indígenas dentro del sistema escolar tradicional? Análisis de un caso en el nordeste argentino
Authors: Artieda Teresa Laura 
Published: May 2018

El presente artículo analiza las características que asume un proceso de demanda de autonomía por parte de organizaciones Qom, Wichí y Moqoit que actualmente se desenvuelve en la provincia del Chaco, en el noreste de Argentina. Los indígenas aspiran al manejo de las escuelas del sistema estatal a las que asisten los miembros de esos pueblos, para tener la libertad de construir una educación con sus propias manos.El trabajo comienza con una presentación sucinta del escenario étnico-político en el que tiene lugar el proceso. Es una introducción necesaria para ubicar el presente en perspectiva histórica y regional. Posteriormente, se desarrollan aspectos del caso en estudio que consideramos relevantes. Se narra la historia de deliberaciones que culminó en la sanción de una normativa que regula la autonomía buscada, se exponen y analizan las demandas en las voces de indígenas participantes y los sentidos fijados en la legislación. Se ponen de manifiesto las divergencias, las oposiciones, los logros y los límites. Se problematiza acerca de un campo conflictivo en el cual Estado y pueblos indígenas no aparecen como bloques homogéneos confrontados entre sí, sino que expresan desacuerdos internos. Se reflexiona acerca de los desafíos, las posibilidades y los condicionantes de la autonomía gestada desde abajo que demanda ser reconocida por el Estado y desarrollarse dentro de la escolarización oficial. Normativas provinciales, proyectos de ley, entrevistas a funcionarios ministeriales[1] y a docentes indígenas involucrados en el proceso[2], diarios locales, registros de campo[3], sumado a investigaciones anteriores, son el material principal del que se dispuso para este trabajo.[1] Se entrevistó al Ministro de Educación, Cultura, Ciencia y Tecnología y a la Subsecretaria de Interculturalidad y Plurilingüismo, quienes ocupaban esos cargos durante el período en estudio. Serán referenciados respectivamente como M y S.[2] Se realizaron entrevistas a dos docentes qom con roles protagónicos en los procesos de redacción, debate y sanción de las dos leyes de educación que se citan, uno de ellos integra la organización de Docentes Autoconvocados y otro la Asociación Civil Napalpí. Serán referenciados respectivamente como DA y AN. [3] Registro del debate entre referentes indígenas, dirigentes de sindicatos docentes y legisladores de la Comisión de Educación de la Cámara de Diputados de la provincia del Chaco, agosto 2013.
EDUCATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL PLANS AND ASPIRATIONS OF THOSE IN CHARGE OF CARE AND EDUCATIONAL CENTRES AND FAMILY-RUN CHILDREN’S HOME (ON THE EXAMPLE OF BIAŁA PODLASKA POVIAT)
Authors: Ruszkowska Marzena Urszula 
Published: May 2018

Research for the purposes of this publication was carried out in Biała Podlaska poviat, which is part of Lublin province. Its implementation was planned within the framework of the project "Education, levelling developmental and educational deficits of children under the care of family-run children's homes, also the care and educational institutions (on the example of Biała Podlaska poviat)". The diagnostic survey method and the study of individual cases were applied. The survey was based on the author's questionnaire designed for the charges of care and educational institutions and family-run children’s homes as well as the interview questionnaire with the educators of family and institutional institutions. In turn, the study of individual cases involved the use of an observation sheet and interviews with coordinators of the examined care and educational centres, directors of family-run children’s houses. The subject of the article are educational and professional plans of the beneficiaries of institutional and family facilities. Attention was paid to the currently implemented level of education and future educational and occupational plans of these children. The aim of the research was to determine how the educational and professional plans of the charges of various forms of foster care are shaped and what are they conditioned by?Among the indicators determining the implementation of educational and occupational aspirations of the examined subjects were environmental factors, i.e. location of the facility or the family-run children's home; personal: willingness and motivation to learn, time spent on homework and learning, age and sex of children under their care, their siblings; in addition, the type of facility in which the examined person is staying, received support and help from educators.
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES IN DEVELOPING COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE
Authors: Glushenko Olga , Korenetskaya Irina , Kuznetsova Ekaterina 
Published: May 2018

The article deals with the aspect of the language acquisition through the use of socioculturally contextualized educational materials and applying particular strategies and techniques to improve communicative skills of the students. We have defined a motivation-stimulating sociocultural principle, and presented both theoretical and practical items in terms of socioculturally contextualized educational materials based on the mentioned above principle. The social demand for a linguistically competent personality faces the problem of the lack of the proper effective educational methods in the classroom. The aim of the research is to study the theory and practice of developing the communicative competence via the innovative approaches in language education. The article also introduces the concept of multiculturalism and global citizenship, national values and beliefs in language education as innovative principles of education, interest to a human being and to another culture as a life skill, we study the definitions of multiculturalism and the phenomenon of interest to a personality, we, identify various types and components within the complex structure of multiculturalism; describe the ways of applications of the principles of multiculturalism into the classroom. We also suggest a model of developing the communicative competence through innovative approaches (with stages, particular algorithms for a teacher, indicators in students’ behavior).
Direct Care Workers Pathways Program: A Strategy for Seamless Academic Progression
Authors: Larrivee Linda S , Chalupka Stephanie M , Cleary Marilyn A , Comeau Cherie L 
Published: May 2018

Nationally, there is a great demand for systems that meet the needs of local employers as well as develop tools and training for their incumbent workers. Concurrently, demand for healthcare professionals is growing and projected to continue for the next decade. Worcester State University created the “Direct Care Workforce Development Program” to offer a pathway for nontraditional-aged students in direct care positions to advance to higher-level jobs with family sustaining wages. Direct care workers (DCWs) (e.g., patient care assistant) encounter challenges in a quest to continue their education. They may be non-native speakers, lack a foundation in basic numeracy skills, or lack experience with technology. Therefore, DCWs require many support services for success in professional health-studies programs. In response, a partnership emerged between an urban medical center, state university, and labor union to provide academic pathways for DCWs to progress in careers through higher education. Two cohorts of DCWs from the medical center enrolled in the program, which provided courses totaling nine college credits. Career maps, containing action steps towards goals, and individual coaching helped DCWs define their aspirations. Many workers who completed the program matriculated into two and four-year professional programs, while others plan to do so in the future.
The Roles of Foundations and Universities in Redevelopment Planning
Authors: Walker Laurie A. , East Jean F. 
Published: May 2018

Laurie A. Walker, the 2017 recipient of the Ernest A. Lynton Award for the Scholarship of Engagement, is an Associate Professor in the School of Social Work at the University of Montana. Together with her co-author, Dr. Jean F. East, Professor in the Graduate School of Social Work at the University of Denver, they have raised, in this piece, an important and insightful critical lens on the implications of higher education institutions’ “engagement” with their local communities. It looks deeply into the implications of the “blind spot” identified by Baldwin (2017), which “comes largely from the assumption that higher education, while hypnotized by corporate power, is still an inherent public good, most clearly marked by its tax-exempt status for providing services that would otherwise come from the government.” They examine how campuses may be deeply involved in the local urban area and also advancing a self-interest that may not be a public interest – through gentrification, and through what Baldwin calls “noneducational investments in real estate, policing, and labor” that “can carry negative consequences for neighborhoods of color.” Walker and East are asking us to more closely examine how campuses can get so involved in the cities of which they are a part as to be a dominant force that does not advance the public good, but the good of the campus. This is a dilemma and a question that many of the CUMU member campuses have already faced or may face in the coming years, and goes to the heart of the public good of higher education in a neoliberal age.

—John Saltmarsh, University of Massachusetts, Boston
Quitting smoking before surgical interventions and its relationship to health literacy
Authors: ÖZGÜNAY Seyda Efsun , Demirci Hakan , EMİNOĞLU Şermin , DÜLGER Seyhan , YILMAZ Canan , KARASU Derya , ŞENGÖREN DİKİŞ Özlem 
Published: May 2018

Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of
health literacy (HL) level and smoking dependence of patients on their
compliance with advice given by the physicians in anesthesia polyclinics on
giving up smoking. Methods: This prospective study included 165 smokers. HL was
evaluated by The European Health Literacy (HLS-EU). Nicotine dependence was
measured by Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND). Patients were
advised not to smoke and their carbon monoxide levels in expired air were
measured before on the operation day. Results: The number of patients
smoking on the day of surgery was significantly higher among females (p = 0.001). While the HL was lower, the
FTND scores (p = 0.006), daily
cigarette consumption (p &lt; 0.001)
and years of cigarette smoking (p = 0.002)
were found to be significantly higher. Fewer number of days between the
polyclinic interview and the surgery date were positively correlated with
compliance with the advice to give up smoking (p = 0.011). Conclusions: Since the number of
patients continuing to smoke cigarettes was high, it was concluded that verbal
advice on giving up smoking is not enough and that other more effective
measures are needed to ensure patient compliance. The reminder of 'quit
smoking' on the day very close to the surgery may help more patients to stop
smoking on that day.
Factores asociados con el nivel de desempeño en el trabajo independiente de los estudiantes del Programa de Optometría de la Universidad de La Salle
Authors: Figueroa Olarte Luisa Fernanda 
Published: May 2018

La presente investigación formó parte del macroproyecto “Prácticas pedagógicas” en el área “Las metodologías y los recursos de aprendizaje utilizados”, que buscó, en términos generales, dar cuenta de las acciones y reflexiones que se desarrollan cotidianamente en el aula, para permitir una mayor comprensión del ejercicio pedagógico desde lo metodológico hasta lo evaluativo. Objetivo: identificar y describir los factores asociados con el nivel de desempeño en el trabajo independiente de los estudiantes de pregrado del Programa de Optometría de la Universidad de La Salle. Metodología: se manejo investigación cualitativa de carácter descriptivo. Se trata también de investigación educativa, ya que está encaminada a obtener información de los procesos educativos y mejorar la práctica. La recolección de información se realizó con siete grupos focales y trece entrevistas a docentes y estudiantes de los diferentes semestres del Programa. Resultados: se pudo deducir que docentes y estudiantes tienen claros los conceptos de tiempo presencial e independiente, pero no las horas de dedicación para cada actividad según el plan de estudios, la planeación se hace en el syllabus, sin ningún tipo de participación del estudiante, y la evaluación es sobre todo de carácter “confirmatorio”, mediante preguntas en quizes y parciales. En la realización de tiempo independiente por parte de los estudiantes, se reconoció la influencia de aspectos como: motivación, tiempo de dedicación, familia, tipo de tarea, lugar de realización, evaluación y las diferentes formas de planeación. Conclusiones: el concepto que manejan docentes y estudiantes acerca del sistema de créditos es adecuado, pero no parece clara la apropiación de horas dedicadas a tiempo presencial e independiente según el programa. La calificación sería el principal motivador a la hora de realizar las tareas, en especial en los primeros semestres, y parece tener básicamente un carácter “confirmatorio”. El estudiante tiene mayor compromiso con espacios académicos relacionados de manera directa con su futuro quehacer profesional. Factores como familia, tipo de tarea, lugar, compañía y trabajo también son importantes de considerar al pensar en el desempeño de los estudiantes en el trabajo independiente.
Relación acomodación convergencia por acomodación (AC/A) con el método del gradiente en un pequeño grupo poblacional de la ciudad de Pereira
Authors: León Álvarez Alejandro , Pulgarín Cesar Augusto 
Published: May 2018

El propósito de este estudio fue determinar el valor promedio de la relación AC/A calculada con el método del gradiente en un pequeño grupo poblacional de la ciudad de Pereira y establecer el lente estímulo más pertinente para calcular esta sinergia. Metodología: se evaluaron 66 personas con edades entre 16 y 30 años, a los cuales se realizó: distancia interpupilar, agudeza visual, heteroforias visión lejana (VL) y visión próxima (VP), forias inducidas y AC/A gradiente. Resultados: se obtuvo un AC/A gradiente de 1:3,12 (SD =1.30); con el lente estímulo de +1.00, 1:3,41 (SD = 1,59), -1.00 D 1:2,82 (SD = 1,45), -2.00 D, 1:3,11 (SD =1,27), y -3.00 D, 1:3,18 (SD =1,27). La mejor correlación se obtuvo con los lentes de -2.00 y -3.00 D (SD =0.76) y la peor con los lentes de +1.00 y -1.00 D (SD =0.15). Conclusiones: la relación AC/A gradiente es menor a la reportada en la literatura y existe una significativa variabilidad al ser medida con diferentes lentes estímulo.
Conceptos y conocimientos de los estudiantes frente a seguridad industrial ocular en los talleres del Instituto Técnico Industrial Piloto de Bogotá
Authors: Jiménez Barbosa Ingrid Astrid 
Published: May 2018

Para toda institución de educación media técnica es importante conocer los conceptos que los estudiantes tienen frente a la seguridad industrial ocular dado que de estos conocimientos depende la ocurrencia de incidentes y accidentes en los ojos de sus estudiantes. Metodología: en el Instituto Técnico Industrial Piloto de Bogotá, se aplicó una encuesta con cinco preguntas cerradas, a una muestra de 582 estudiantes que rotan por los talleres del colegio en las dos jornadas, para conocer los conceptos que ellos manejan relacionados con seguridad industrial. Resultados: se encontró que los estudiantes de la jornada de la tarde casi siempre utilizan los elementos de protección personal visuales y los de la mañana los utilizan siempre en un porcentaje más bajo. Los estudiantes en las dos jornadas reportaron que siempre siguen las normas y tienen en cuenta la señalización que existe en los talleres del colegio respecto a protección visual, con porcentajes entre 46,60% y 45,83%. Los estudiantes de las dos jornadas conocen los riesgos que pueden desencadenar accidentes visuales en los talleres y consideran para las dos jornadas que el taller más peligroso es metalistería, seguido de ebanistería. Entre el 85,71% y 88,89% de los estudiantes de las dos jornadas no han sufrido accidentes oculares en los talleres. Conclusiones: se observó que los elementos de protección personal son utilizados casi siempre en las dos jornadas, se tienen en cuenta y conocen las normas y la señalización, lo que se relaciona con el bajo porcentaje de accidentes oculares, según reportes estadísticos de años anteriores.
Fundamentos de campo visual
Authors: Medrano Muñoz Sandra Milena 
Published: May 2018

Las investigaciones sobre campo visual se han venido realizando desde el siglo V antes de Cristo y, con el transcurrir del tiempo, se ha avanzado en el estudio, tanto de los métodos de exploración, como de los tipos de defectos campimétricos. Actualmente, se utilizan métodos de exploración campimétrica como el método de confrontación cinético: en el que se presenta un estímulo que se mueve desde la periferia hasta el centro tanto horizontal como verticalmente; perímetro cinético y cualitativo de Goldman: en el que se emiten estímulos de luminancia variable para determinar el umbral en cada punto; campímetro visual computarizado: es un tipo de perimetría estática y cuantitativa que emite estímulos inmóviles de diferente intensidad para determinar el valor de umbral en cada punto. Por medio de estos instrumentos se puede realizar un estudio de campo visual y detectar alteraciones campimétricas como: depresiones del campo visual; contracciones del campo visual y escotomas absolutos o relativos. Estos escotomas se pueden clasificar de acuerdo a su morfología en: hemianopsias y cuadrantanopsias; y escotomas de acuerdo a su ubicación en: centrales, paracentrales, cecales, centrocecales, arciformes y anulares. Teniendo un conocimiento previo sobre la forma de medición del campo visual, la anatomía de la vía óptica y tipos de defectos campimétricos, el analista tiene las herramientas necesarias para realizar una lectura adecuada de campo visual y poder correlacionar el resultado con las diferentes afectaciones que se pueden presentar de acuerdo a su ubicación desde el ojo, siguiendo el recorrido de la vía óptica hasta la corteza occipital.
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN HUTAN MANGROVE DI DESA SEGARAJAYA, KECAMATAN TARUMAJAYA KABUPATEN BEKASI
Authors: Yuliani Shahibah , Herminasari Nova Scorviana 
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this research is to know the community participation management of mangrove forests in PAL Jaya Beach, Segarajaya Village Tarumajaya District, Bekasi. This study uses descriptive method, which aims to find information from by using the questionnaire (closed questionnaire), direct observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects of this study were 25 people consisting of members of the Supervisory Society Group (POKMASWAS), Ikatan Pemuda Putera Daerah (IKAPUD), and other communitie. The results showed that community participation management of mangrove forests is relatively high from the aspects of planning and activities implementation (restoration). Community participation is also supported by several institutions cooperate such as socialization, mangrove planting, and development of mangrove forest area. However, community involvement in treating mangroves have been low. Related to community participation in utilizing mangrove forests is still educatiobal tourist area
Affordable Care Act Impact in Kentucky: Increasing Access, Reducing Disparities
Authors: Blewett Lynn A. , Planalp Colin , Alarcon Giovann 
Published: May 2018

Objectives. To examine health insurance disparities since Kentucky’s implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Methods. Using the American Community Survey, we estimated coverage rates by race/ethnicity before and after implementation of the ACA (2013 and 2015), and we estimated whether groups were over- or underrepresented among the uninsured, compared with their share of the state population. Results. Kentucky’s uninsurance rate declined from 14.4% in 2013 to 6.1% in 2015 (P < .001). Uninsurance rates also declined for most racial/ethnic groups, including Blacks (16.7% to 5.5%; P < .001) and Whites (13.3% to 5.3%; P < .001). In 2015, Blacks were no longer overrepresented among Kentucky’s uninsured, with a significant decline in the ratio of Blacks among the state uninsured population compared with their share of the state population (1.16–0.91; P = .045). Conclusions. In Kentucky, which mounted a robust implementation of the ACA—including Medicaid expansion, a state-based marketplace, and an extensive outreach and enrollment campaign—the state experienced not only a decline in the overall uninsurance rate but also an elimination in coverage disparities among Blacks, who historically were overrepresented among the uninsured.