bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycerolysis-interesterification of chicken-palm stearin blend: effect of solvent and chicken stearin to palm stearin ratio
Authors: Sari D A , Ningsih D S , Nusantoro B P , Setyaningsih W , Hidayat C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Both glycerolysis and the interesterification reactions take place in one reaction system. The objectives of this research were to obtain chicken stearin and to evaluate the effect of solvent to fat ratios and chicken stearin to palm stearin ratios on total mono-acylglycerol (MAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) of product by the chemical glycerolysis-interesterification (GIE). GIE was initiated by adding NaOH to the reactant. Structured Lipids were evaluated based on acylglycerol composition and melting behavior. Results show that the yield of chicken stearin was 13%. The highest total MAG and DAG was obtained at the stearin: solvent ratio 1:3 (w/v). An increase in chicken fat stearin to palm stearin caused a slight increase in the total MAG and DAG. However, it didn’t have a significant increase in the total MAG and DAG. The best ratio of palm stearin to chicken stearin was 40:60 because slip melting point and melting point were 36.16 ± 4.9°C and 37.59 ± 5.96°C. Thus, the best condition was obtained at the ratio of stearin to solvent 1: 3 (w/v), temperature 50°C, oil to glycerol ratio 1:5, 300 rpm and NaOH 3%. The reaction was performed for 2 h. Total MAG and DAG was 67.87 ± 1.97%.
Effect of pre-treatment in the production of purple-fleshed sweet potato flour on cookies quality
Authors: Ulfa Z , Julianti E , Nurminah M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to observe the effect of pre-treatment in the production of purple-fleshed sweet potato flour on cookies quality. There were four kinds of pre-treatment method (soaking in 2000 ppm sodium metabisulphite for 15 minutes, soaking in 2000 ppm sodium metabisulphite solution for 15 minutes followed by steam blanching for 5 minutes, steam blanching for 5 minutes and without pre-treatment as control). Data collected was analysed by using non factorial block design with 3 replicates. The results showed that the pre-treatment had highly significant effect on the colour, bulk density, moisture content and anthocyanin content of flour. The pre-treatment on flour processing had significant effect on cookies colour, volume expansion, hardness, moisture content, anthocyanin content, but had no significant effect on hedonic value of colour, aroma, taste, texture and overall acceptability of cookies. In conclusion, the best pre-treatment was soaking in 2000 ppm sodium metabisulphite solution for 15 minutes.
Biodiversity flora and fauna in tropical tidal lake
Authors: Leidonald R , Lesmana I , Muhtadi A , Desrita  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Tidal lakes are unique lakes because of the fluctuations of the water in the lake are influenced by the sea tides. Therefore, Tidal lakes are also called brackish lakes or salty lakes. Thus, the organisms that live in the lake must be able to adapt to the dynamics of brackish water changes. Therefore, the study of the biodiversity of flora and fauna is interesting to study related to organisms that are able to live and adapt to dynamic environments. This research was carried out in Siombak Lake, Medan City, North Sumatra Province from June to July 2018. The data collected were organisms in the form of flora (mangroves and aquatic plants) and fauna (ictiofauna or nekton which were fish, shrimp, crab, and mollusca). The results of research in the Siombak Lake ecosystem found 7 species of mangroves, 5 species of coastal plants, and 2 species of aquatic plant. Fauna found were 14 species of fish, 7 species of gastropods, and 1 species of bivalve, 1 species of shrimp and 1 species of crab.
Exploration and identification of aren plant (Arengapinnatamerr) in district of South Tapanuli
Authors: Khairiyah M , Harahap P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The purpose of research is to know the diversity of accession of sugar Arenga in South Tapanuli Regency and to classify the population drilling to get the high production. Eighty accessions of Arenga populations from four sub districts have been identified according to IPGRI. The results show that formation of 4 targeted clusters that cluster 1 is a collection of accession Arenga with phenotypic character more suitable in producing fruit from female groups. While cluster 3 is a group accession Arenga, the appropriate phenotypes character will produce nira (raw material of Arenga sugar) from male flowers.
Identification of the Morphophysiological Characteristics of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Based on Altitude
Authors: Setiawan A , Rosmayati  , Rahmawati N 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The study of the morph physiological characteristics of cassava is considered important for understanding the actual condition of local food resources. This research was conducted at Serdang Bedagai Regency from April - May 2018. Area of sampling decided was for each district was chose 1 Sub district, each Sub district was taken 3 villages and 3 farmers for each village. The objective of this study was to determine the type, kinship and physiological relationship of the distribution of cassava plasma (Manihot esculenta Crantz) based on altitude. The genotype types of cassava that have been found include White Klanting (S1), Red Klanting (S2), Jakarta (S3), Malaysia (S4), Gundoruwo (S5), Gundoruwo Hitam (S6), Thailand (S7), Yellow Potatoes (S8), and Adira (S9). The lowest euclidean values was showed on S1 and S6 with 10.084. In the dendogram there was two main parts, namely part 1 and 2 kinship with 25% dissimilarity scale. The highest water content was showed on Jakarta genotype with 66.22%, the highest glucose level was showed on Red Klanting genotype with 24.43%, the highest starch content was showed on Red Klanting genotype with 21.99% and the highest total chlorophyll was showed on Yellow Potatoes genotype with 88.25940 mg/g.
Rattan root morphology under different inorganic nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Bangkele L I , Basir-cyio M , Tjoa A , Tellu A T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Input such as fertilizer highly affects the root response, and can change the root morphology and architecture, which will have an impact on the nutrient uptake and biomass production. This research investigates changes in root architecture and morphology, nitrogen uptake and biomass production of the Noko rattan seed in the treatment of inorganic (N) fertilizers from different sources fertilization (N-Urea (CO (NH2)2), and N-ZA ((NH4) 2.SO4)), and different application method. The research results showed that treatment without N+P fertilizer (control treatment) led to more intensive root growth, which was shown in dry biomass of root, higher amount of root branches and root hairs compared to N-urea or N-ZA fertilization. N-Urea fertilization affects the root hairs of rattan becomes shorter and finer, decreases the dry weight of the roots, but increases the roots surfaces compared to the roots in the control treatment an d N-ZA fertilization. Localized (in hole) fertilization causes root physiological stress and change the root architecture, causing a decrease in N uptake but otherwise increase the P uptake, but the biomass production is lower than the homogeneous fertilization.
Sequence approach of Elaeis guineensis for early detection of Ganoderma boninense resistance
Authors: Hayati R , Basyuni M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study purposed to describe the product of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing of DNA from Elaeis guineensis root for Ganoderma boninense resistance in PT Socfin Indonesia. Based on PCR amplification a total of 18 sampling were detected, the percentage of positive results for G. boninense resistance was only 20%. The degree of sequence identity between DNA sequence known to be verified by the Blastx probability identity, E-value and total score. Only 11A genes that are available in GenBank and 15A and 16A gene found no similarity in the database of NCBI, therefore considered as new genes for probably G. boninense tolerance or resistance. The 11A gene showed the highest identity (98%) to predicted metallothionein like-protein with E-value 3e-19 and total scored 104. Metallothionein protein actives role in oil palm plants for resistance to G. boninense.
The effect of giving electric field to the metabolism of andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) seeds which contributes to accelerating germination
Authors: Panggabean S E , Kamson W , Simanjuntak A P , Rahmawati N 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Andaliman is a typical plant in Sumatera Utara that hasn’t been widely cultivated because it’s difficult to germinate. The aim of this research was to study the effect of giving an electric field to the metabolism of andaliman (Zanthoxylum accanthopodium DC) seeds which contributes to accelerating germination. Research conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Tissue Culture Laboratory and Molecular and Genetic Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara from June to July 2018 was arranged in a complete non-factorial randomized design repeated three times. Seeds are given by an electric field for 18 days with a voltage of 324 volts. The results of this research showed that the electric field treatment and differences in fruit colour not different significantly on seed metabolism in accelerating germination after do analysis of proteins, APX, SOD and electrical conductivity. Descriptively the highest average of APX was showed on without electric field: red colour seeds 2.39 μM/min/mg protein (P1). The highest average of SOD was showed on with electric field: red colour seeds 485.27 unit/mg protein (P4). The highest average of electrical conductivity was showed on without electric field: red colour seeds 6733.33 μS (P1).
Spodoptera litura as a main pest in oil palm peat plantation
Authors: Bakti D , Saragih M D S , Safni I , Pasaribu S H 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Nowadays oil palm plantation is attacked by Spodoptera litura especially in peat land plantation. This research was aimed to find out the types of host plants most preferred by larvae of S. litura. This research was conducted in 2 stages, the 1st stage used Randomized Block Design Factorial consisting of 2 factors, which was the origin of the larvae and the comodity with 16 combinations of treatments, the 2nd stage used Non Factorial Randomized Block Design with 2 treatment combinations, P1: Oil palm + Coconut + Sugar palm + Areca nut + Soybean + Green bean + Peanut+ Mucuna bracteata + 40 S. litura original from Oil palm, and P2: Oil palm + Coconut + Sugar palm + Areca nut + Soybean + Green bean + Peanut + Mucuna bracteata + 40 S. litura original from Soybean. The results showed that the preference of S. litura original from oil palm to the tested plants were Mucuna bracteata, Soybean, Green bean, Peanut, Oil palm, Areca nut, Sugar palm and Coconut. The preference of S. litura original from Soybean to the tested plants were Soybean, Mucuna bracteata, Peanut, Green bean, Oil palm, Areca nut, Coconut and Sugar palm.
Insect management with refugia plant in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Sutriono  , Purba E , Marheni  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Refugia is a microhabitat that provides spatial or temporal shelter for pest natural enemies, and supports biotic interaction components in ecosystems, such as pollinators or pollinating insects. The research objective was to study the best types of refugia plant in pest insect management. The treatments consisted of five plant refugia, R0 (control), R1 (Ageratum conyzoides), R2 (Axonopus compressus), R3 (Cosmos caudatus), and R4 (Wedelia trilobata) and each treatment was made in five replicates. This research is descriptive using the transect method and sampling is done using several tools, namely: yellow traps, pitfall traps and sweep nets. The findings indicate that the highest pest insect in refugia’s composition is R0 as many as seven species, and R2 does not have the highest composition of insect pests due to predator domination over insect pests. The highest predator insects found in R2 is four species, while R1 didn’t have the highest composition of predator insects. Data on morphospecies diversity index of pest and predator insect are moderate. Evenness index of morphospeciesis fall in high criteria, ≥ 0.6.
Transmission of virus by whitefly Bemisia tabaci from dutch eggplant Solanum betaceum cav. for cucurbitaceae plants in greenhouse
Authors: Sirait R , Pinem M I , Hasanuddin  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Family Cucurbitaceae is a member the plant propagates that have an important role in agriculture particularly in the subsector of vegetable plants. However, the production plant of the family Cucurbitaceae is declining each year. Cucumber, Watermelon and Pumpkin plants those are included in the family Cucurbitaceae. Decrease in crop production is caused by virus attacks that attack plants through an insect vector Whitefly (B. tabaci). This research was carried out in February-September 2018 Greenhouse in the Faculty of Agriculture University of North Sumatera, Medan. This research aims to know the ability of Whitefly (B. tabaci) in the transmit viruses and the influence of lice inoculation feeding period against the widespread symptoms of virus attacks on some of the Cucurbitaceae plant. This research was compiled in a random Design Complete with two factors, namely: 1. The type of crop that is Cucumber, Watermelon and Pumpkin, 2. Inoculation Time is 24 hours and 48 hours. The results showed that the type of plant and the Time Period of Incubation and Inoculation affects the Severity of Disease in plant experiment.
Online library database from national center for information on biotechnology (NCBI) regarding Ganoderma boninense
Authors: Hayati R , Basyuni M , Chalil D , Bimantara Y 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Ganoderma boninense now becomes a trending topic to researchers, and it spreads through the roots and usually the oil palm tree will basal stem rot cause harm the plantation. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) online available overall suite of online resources can be accessed for biological information the data, including the PubMed database and additional NCBI resources, focus on literature, health, genomes, genes, proteins, and chemicals regarding G. Boninense and can prevent intention of Ganoderma pathogenic diseases for the health of sustainable oil palm plants. G. boninense pathogens have 28 books and reports, 10 online books, collection of journals and others in the NLM, 62 scientific and medical abstracts or citation and 65 articles. This information can be used in biotechnology research which contains explanations about pathological diseases, including prevention and early detection for G.boninense worldwide. Moreover, 162 nucleotide DNA and RNA sequences have reported.
The growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) with anorganic and organo-bio fertilizer
Authors: Lahay R R , Sipayung R , Sabrina T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The field study was conducted to study the growth and yield of sweet corn with different fertilizer at the experimental farm of the Department ofAgrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia from May to August 2018. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six treatments and three replication. Treatments include: 300 kg NPK/ha; 300 kg NPK/ha + 1.2 ton Rhizoculant/ha; 150 kg NPK/ha + 2.4 ton Rhizoculant/ha; 150 kg NPK/ha + 1.2 ton Rhizoculant/ha; 2.4 ton Rhizoculant/ha; and 1.2 ton Rhizoculant/ha. Results showed that fertilizer application had a significant effect on plant height, silking time, leaf area, and shoot-root ratio. The application of 300 kg NPK/ha + 1.2-ton Rhizoculant/ha produced higher values of growth and yield attributes rather than other treatments. The application of nutrients through Rhizoculant only was the lowest values of growth and yield attributes.
The increasing of phosphorus availability and corn growth (Zea mays l.) With the application of phosphate solubilizing microbes and some sources of organic materials on andisol
Authors: Masdariah  , Sembiring M , Mukhlis  , Rosneli  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Andisol is a soil that develops from volcanic ash material, dominated by amorphous aluminium silicate and Al-humus complex. This research was carried out at the Greenhouse and Laboratory of Soil Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan. This research used a randomized block design with 2 treatment factors and 3 replications. The first factor was Phosphate Solubilizing Microbial (PSM), namely: without application (M0), 5 g of Mycorrhiza (M1), 5 gr of Talaromyces pinophilus Fungi (M2), 5 g of Burkholderia cepacia Bacteria (M3). The second factor was organic matter, namely: without application (K0), 180 g of cow dung (K1), 180 g of chicken manure (K2) and 180 g of OPEFB (Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch) compost (K3). The research results showed that the administration of phosphate solubilizing microbes and several sources of organic matter could increase the soil pH by 0.61-29.12%, P-available by 1.46-112.64%, plant height by 5.41-19.25% and canopy dry weight by 11.34-65.57%. In general, the best treatment was the application of Mycorrhiza with OPEFB (Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch) compost.
Flower morphology and inflorescence of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) from Dairi, North Sumatera
Authors: Siregar B L , Siregar L A M , Nisa T C , Putri L A P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) is a spice plant typical of North Sumatra. Biological information on andaliman flowers is still limited. Therefore, the purpose of this observation is to study morphology of andaliman flowers and inflorescence arrangements that can be useful in understanding andaliman flower biology. The research was conducted on plants in one of the centres of andaliman production in Dairi District. Flower of andaliman is axilliary inflorescence, determinate flowers, dichasium, generally glomerate, the number of flowers in one peduncle varies greatly. The time blooming of the flowers in each rachis is quite varied. Flower andaliman small and hermaphrodite with its parts, sepals 5-7 free, pale yellow colour, 5-6 stamens, anther is reddish, pollen sticky, and 3-4 pistils, and sometimes 5 pistils, apocarps. Information obtained from this study can be used in subsequent studies related to pollination, fertilization, fruit set, and seed set. The variation of flower blossom in one peduncle is one of the factors contributing to the maturity of the fruit as a source of seed should be studied.
Increasing competitiveness the agro-food complex is impossible without its rational territorial organization
Authors: Altukhov A I , Drokin V V , Zhuravlev A S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article considers the concepts of “competitiveness” and “competitive advantages”. It gives the summary of available competitive advantages and the ones to be formed in the agricultural sector as well as specifies the factors to influence the competitiveness of the agricultural produce. Among the priority and controllable factors (conceptual framework) which have a major positive or negative impact on the state of competitiveness the following ones have been identified: inequitable cross-sector exchange not in favour of the agricultural sector; territories zoning based on the production possibilities for agri-food produce; possibilities to use digital economy in the agricultural production.
Development of an innovation and investment model project for a rabbit farm
Authors: Velkina L V , Chutcheva Yu V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The development of the production of other types of meat has good prospects in the future, which will certainly contribute to improving the state of the livestock industry. Rabbit breeding has many incomparable advantages over other sub-breeds; therefore, it can be argued that rabbit breeding is one of the promising sub-sectors for further development. Using theoretical and empirical research methods, the authors identified a positive trend in the development of the subsector both in the world and in the Russian Federation due to the desire of the population for a healthy lifestyle. It is known that rabbit meat is dietary, easily digestible and recommended for use by all sex and age groups of the population. From an economic point of view, an increase in the production of rabbit products is a consequence of the steady growth in demand for all types of products in the sub-industry under consideration. Also, the authors note that the market capacity of the rabbit products is large enough: projects quickly pay for themselves due to the possibility of increasing production in a short time. Undoubtedly, there are factors that inhibit the development of the rabbit breeding subsector. The formation of supply chains of rabbit products and the lack of a stable feed base are the most pressing. Despite the identified problems, the rabbit breeding sector is gradually becoming one of the significant sub-sectors of the livestock industry, which in the near future will make it possible to talk about improving the efficiency of livestock production in general. The key points to be highlighted: (a) the current state of the rabbit breeding subsector in the world and in the Russian Federation was analyzed and the conclusion was made that the domestic sub-industry is at the stage of formation; (b) an opportunities for the development of the subsector and constraints were identified; (c) a project has been developed for the creation of a rabbit farm with an economic and technical-technological substantiation and assessment of economic efficiency. The proposed project of a rabbit farm can be considered as a model. Depending on the location and the need for rabbit breeding products, it is possible to change the project parameters for adaptation in a particular region.
On the issue of assessing the value of agricultural land in the region based on its economic potential
Authors: Tyutyunikov A , Pashuta A , Zakshevskaya T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a study of the possibilities of using statistical indicators of the functioning of the agricultural sector of the region’s economy to estimate the value of agricultural land resources. The emerging market of agricultural land in the Russian Federation is characterized by a small number of annual transactions; therefore, the assessment of the value of land at the territorial and regional level based on the mechanisms of supply and demand is extremely difficult. To substantiate the tax base of land tax and (in some cases) the rent amount, the cadastral value of land plots is used, which is determined by the results of the state cadastral valuation of agricultural land. The methodology for cadastral valuation is debatable, since it does not provide for surveys of specific land plots; at the same time, it relies on indicators of soil quality. Therefore, its results may not be relevant, because they do not take into account important elements of economic fertility. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodological approach for estimating the value of land, which makes it possible to reflect the real economic potential of agricultural land in the region. This approach is based on the method of direct capitalization of the specific conditional net income calculated on the basis of statistical reports of agricultural producers. The methodology was tested on data from the Voronezh region, as a result of which the authors’ differentiation of municipal districts was formed according to the estimated value of agricultural land. According to the results of a comparative analysis, it is recommended to consider the issue of the advisability of changing the current methodology for assessing the value of agricultural land.