bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human pre-valvular endocardial cells derived from pluripotent stem cells recapitulate cardiac pathophysiological valvulogenesis
Authors: Neri Tui , Hiriart Emilye , van Vliet Patrick P. , Faure Emilie , Norris Russell A. , Farhat Batoul , Jagla Bernd , Lefrancois Julie , Sugi Yukiko , Moore-Morris Thomas , Zaffran Stéphane , Faustino Randolph S. , Zambon Alexander C. , Desvignes Jean-Pierre , Salgado David , Levine Robert A. , de la Pompa Jose Luis , Terzic André , Evans Sylvia M. , Markwald Roger , Pucéat Michel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGenetically modified mice have advanced our understanding of valve development and disease. Yet, human pathophysiological valvulogenesis remains poorly understood. Here we report that, by combining single cell sequencing and in vivo approaches, a population of human pre-valvular endocardial cells (HPVCs) can be derived from pluripotent stem cells. HPVCs express gene patterns conforming to the E9.0 mouse atrio-ventricular canal (AVC) endocardium signature. HPVCs treated with BMP2, cultured on mouse AVC cushions, or transplanted into the AVC of embryonic mouse hearts, undergo endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and express markers of valve interstitial cells of different valvular layers, demonstrating cell specificity. Extending this model to patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells recapitulates features of mitral valve prolapse and identified dysregulation of the SHH pathway. Concurrently increased ECM secretion can be rescued by SHH inhibition, thus providing a putative therapeutic target. In summary, we report a human cell model of valvulogenesis that faithfully recapitulates valve disease in a dish.
Identification of peripheral neural circuits that regulate heart rate using optogenetic and viral vector strategies
Authors: Rajendran Pradeep S. , Challis Rosemary C. , Fowlkes Charless C. , Hanna Peter , Tompkins John D. , Jordan Maria C. , Hiyari Sarah , Gabris-Weber Beth A. , Greenbaum Alon , Chan Ken Y. , Deverman Benjamin E. , Münzberg Heike , Ardell Jeffrey L. , Salama Guy , Gradinaru Viviana , Shivkumar Kalyanam 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHeart rate is under the precise control of the autonomic nervous system. However, the wiring of peripheral neural circuits that regulate heart rate is poorly understood. Here, we develop a clearing-imaging-analysis pipeline to visualize innervation of intact hearts in 3D and employed a multi-technique approach to map parasympathetic and sympathetic neural circuits that control heart rate in mice. We identify cholinergic neurons and noradrenergic neurons in an intrinsic cardiac ganglion and the stellate ganglia, respectively, that project to the sinoatrial node. We also report that the heart rate response to optogenetic versus electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve displays different temporal characteristics and that vagal afferents enhance parasympathetic and reduce sympathetic tone to the heart via central mechanisms. Our findings provide new insights into neural regulation of heart rate, and our methodology to study cardiac circuits can be readily used to interrogate neural control of other visceral organs.
High-fidelity spin and optical control of single silicon-vacancy centres in silicon carbide
Authors: Nagy Roland , Niethammer Matthias , Widmann Matthias , Chen Yu-Chen , Udvarhelyi Péter , Bonato Cristian , Hassan Jawad Ul , Karhu Robin , Ivanov Ivan G. , Son Nguyen Tien , Maze Jeronimo R. , Ohshima Takeshi , Soykal Öney O. , Gali Ádám , Lee Sang-Yun , Kaiser Florian , Wrachtrup Jörg 
Published: April 2019

AbstractScalable quantum networking requires quantum systems with quantum processing capabilities. Solid state spin systems with reliable spin–optical interfaces are a leading hardware in this regard. However, available systems suffer from large electron–phonon interaction or fast spin dephasing. Here, we demonstrate that the negatively charged silicon-vacancy centre in silicon carbide is immune to both drawbacks. Thanks to its 4A2 symmetry in ground and excited states, optical resonances are stable with near-Fourier-transform-limited linewidths, allowing exploitation of the spin selectivity of the optical transitions. In combination with millisecond-long spin coherence times originating from the high-purity crystal, we demonstrate high-fidelity optical initialization and coherent spin control, which we exploit to show coherent coupling to single nuclear spins with ∼1 kHz resolution. The summary of our findings makes this defect a prime candidate for realising memory-assisted quantum network applications using semiconductor-based spin-to-photon interfaces and coherently coupled nuclear spins.
Automation of the kidney function prediction and classification through ultrasound-based kidney imaging using deep learning
Authors: Kuo Chin-Chi , Chang Chun-Min , Liu Kuan-Ting , Lin Wei-Kai , Chiang Hsiu-Yin , Chung Chih-Wei , Ho Meng-Ru , Sun Pei-Ran , Yang Rong-Lin , Chen Kuan-Ta 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrediction of kidney function and chronic kidney disease (CKD) through kidney ultrasound imaging has long been considered desirable in clinical practice because of its safety, convenience, and affordability. However, this highly desirable approach is beyond the capability of human vision. We developed a deep learning approach for automatically determining the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CKD status. We exploited the transfer learning technique, integrating the powerful ResNet model pretrained on an ImageNet dataset in our neural network architecture, to predict kidney function based on 4,505 kidney ultrasound images labeled using eGFRs derived from serum creatinine concentrations. To further extract the information from ultrasound images, we leveraged kidney length annotations to remove the peripheral region of the kidneys and applied various data augmentation schemes to produce additional data with variations. Bootstrap aggregation was also applied to avoid overfitting and improve the model’s generalization. Moreover, the kidney function features obtained by our deep neural network were used to identify the CKD status defined by an eGFR of <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. A Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.741 indicated the strong relationship between artificial intelligence (AI)- and creatinine-based GFR estimations. Overall CKD status classification accuracy of our model was 85.6% —higher than that of experienced nephrologists (60.3%–80.1%). Our model is the first fundamental step toward realizing the potential of transforming kidney ultrasound imaging into an effective, real-time, distant screening tool. AI-GFR estimation offers the possibility of noninvasive assessment of kidney function, a key goal of AI-powered functional automation in clinical practice.
Biological physically unclonable function
Authors: Wali Akshay , Dodda Akhil , Wu Yang , Pannone Andrew , Reddy Usthili Likhith Kumar , Ozdemir Sahin Kaya , Ozbolat Ibrahim Tarik , Das Saptarshi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInformation security is one of the foundational requirements for any modern society thriving on digital connectivity. At present, information security is accomplished either through software algorithms or hardware protocols. Software algorithms use pseudo random numbers generated by one-way mathematical functions that are computationally robust in the classical era, but are shown to become vulnerable in the post-quantum era. Hardware security overcomes such limitations through physically unclonable functions (PUFs) that exploit manufacturing process variations in the physical microstructures of Si integrated circuits to obtain true random numbers. However, recent upsurge in reverse engineering strategies make Si-PUFs vulnerable to various attacks. Moreover, Si-PUFs are low-entropy, power-hungry, and area-inefficient. Here we introduce a biological PUF which exploits the inherent randomness found in the colonized populations of T cells and is difficult to reverse engineer and at the same time is high-entropy, non-volatile, reconfigurable, ultra-low-power, low-cost, and environment friendly.
Effects of Listener Age and Native Language Experience on Recognition of Accented and Unaccented English Words
Authors: Gordon-Salant Sandra , Yeni-Komshian Grace H. , Bieber Rebecca E. , Jara Ureta David A. , Freund Maya S. , Fitzgibbons Peter J. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Older native speakers of English have difficulty in understanding Spanish-accented English compared to younger native English speakers. However, it is unclear if this age effect would be observed among native speakers of Spanish. The current study investigates the effects of age and native language experience with Spanish on the ability to recognize words spoken in English by Spanish-accented and unaccented talkers.

Method

English monosyllabic words, recorded by native speakers of English and Spanish, were presented to 4 groups of listeners with normal hearing: younger native Spanish listeners (
n
= 15), older native Spanish listeners (
n
= 16), younger native English listeners (
n
= 15), and older native English listeners (
n
= 15). Speech recognition accuracy was assessed for the unaccented and accented words in both quiet and noise.

Results
In all conditions, the native English listeners performed better than the native Spanish listeners. More specifically, the native speakers of Spanish consistently recognized accented English less accurately than the native speakers of English, demonstrating no advantage of shared native language experience between nonnative listeners and accented talkers. Older listeners in the native Spanish language group also performed less accurately than their younger counterparts, for English words spoken by both unaccented and accented talkers. Finally, whereas listeners who were native speakers of English showed marked declines in recognition of Spanish-accented English relative to unaccented English, listeners who were native speakers of Spanish (both younger and older) showed less decline.

Conclusions
The general pattern of results suggests that both native language experience in a language other than English and age limit the ability to recognize Spanish-accented English. The implication of the overall findings is that older nonnative listeners will have considerable difficulty in understanding English, regardless of the talker's accent, in both clinical and everyday listening situations.
Endovascular Therapy of Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Augustin Anne Marie , Fluck Friederika , Bley Thorsten , Kickuth Ralph 
Published: April 2019

Background Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a frequently occurring disease pattern, with a broad variety of possible causes. The most acute bleeding responds well to conservative, medicinal and endoscopic therapies. Nevertheless, a certain amount of endoscopically not-identifiable or controllable non-varicose GI-bleeding requires alternative, sometimes surgical, therapy concepts. The updated S2k guideline “gastrointestinal bleeding” makes the case for interventional radiology with its minimally invasive endovascular techniques.
Methods This review article discusses the role of interventional radiology in the therapy of non-variceal upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding according to the current literature and updated guideline. In this regard it covers the indications, techniques, results and complications of endovascular therapy.
Results and conclusion Considering interdisciplinary therapy options, the guideline-oriented endovascular treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding, using embolization and implantion of covered stents, shows to be a reasonable option with good technical and clinical success rates and a low rate of complications. In this context solid knowledge of vascular anatomy is essential to acquire adequate hemostasis.
Key points:
Citation Format
Preventive Effects of Total Flavonoid C-Glycosides from Abrus mollis on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Activating the PPARα Signaling Pathway
Authors: Hu Xiao-Long , Niu Ya-Jun , Chen Mi , Feng Jia-Hao , Shen Wei , Jiang Zhen-Zhou , Zhang Xiao-Qi , Ye Wen-Cai , Xiong Fei , Wang Hao 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Abrus pulchellus subsp. mollis (Hance) Verdc. (Leguminosae) is a well-known edible plant usually added to soups and beverages. In this study, vicenin-2 (1), isoschaftoside (2), schaftoside (3), and their enrichment fraction, total flavonoid C-glycosides, derived from the extracts of A. mollis, were firstly found to prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease both in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro study, total flavonoid C-glycosides decreased the lipid accumulation in oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells. The mechanisms of total flavonoid C-glycosides are involved in the regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and its downstream, and the reduction of proinflammatory cytokines. In high-fat diet-induced fatty liver rats, total flavonoid C-glycosides decreased the levels of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and decreased the lipid accumulation both in the liver and blood without affecting food intake. In addition, total flavonoid C-glycosides also increased the activities of the antioxidant enzyme system in vivo. In conclusion, total flavonoid C-glycosides are active components of A. mollis on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and can be used in functional food and supplements for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevention and treatment.
A Review of Cisplatin-Associated Ototoxicity
Authors: Paken Jessica , Govender Cyril , Pillay Mershen , Sewram Vikash 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCisplatin, an effective antineoplastic drug used in the treatment of many cancers, has ototoxic potential, thus placing cancer patients, receiving this treatment, at risk of hearing loss. It is therefore important for health care professionals managing these patients to be aware of cisplatin's ototoxic properties and its clinical signs to identify patients at risk of developing a hearing impairment. Eighty-five English peer-reviewed articles and two books, from January 1975 to July 2015, were identified from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and EBSCOhost. An overview of cisplatin-associated ototoxicity, namely its clinical features, incidence rates, molecular and cellular mechanisms, and risk factors, is presented in this article. This review further highlights the importance of a team-based approach to complement an audiological monitoring program in reducing any further loss in the quality of life of affected patients, as there is currently no otoprotective agent routinely recommended for the prevention of cisplatin-associated ototoxicity.
Coding and Reimbursement for Cochleotoxicity and Vestibulotoxicity Services
Authors: Abel Debra 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBecause of the ICD-10 disease coding system transition that occurred in the United States in 2015, coding and billing for services on behalf of patients who experience cochlear and/or vestibular toxicity may be daunting and misunderstood. Coding and billing for any audiology procedure can be compelling; choosing the appropriate codes for these specific patients is critical not only for payment for services rendered but also for the national and global implications, given their utilization is tracked for mortality and morbidity statistics and potential policies.
Mechanisms of Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity and Prevention
Authors: Rybak Leonard , Mukherjea Debashree , Ramkumar Vickram 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCisplatin is a highly effective antineoplastic agent used to treat solid tumors. Unfortunately, the administration of this drug leads to significant side effects, including ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. This review addresses the mechanisms of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and various strategies tested to prevent this distressing adverse effect. The molecular pathways underlying cisplatin ototoxicity are still being investigated. Cisplatin enters targeted cells in the cochlea through the action of several transporters. Once it enters the cochlea, cisplatin is retained for months to years. It can cause DNA damage, inhibit protein synthesis, and generate reactive oxygen species that can lead to inflammation and apoptosis of outer hair cells, resulting in permanent hearing loss. Strategies to prevent cisplatin ototoxicity have utilized antioxidants, transport inhibitors, G-protein receptor agonists, and anti-inflammatory agents. There are no FDA-approved drugs to prevent cisplatin ototoxicity. It is critical that potential protective agents do not interfere with the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin.
Surgical Orbital Anatomy
Authors: Hu Shirley , Colley Patrick 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this article, the anatomy of the orbit is reviewed, with a specific emphasis on surgical anatomy. A brief discussion of the ocular globe is also included. The orbits are pyramidal structures separating the upper and middle facial skeletons. The walls, apex, and base harbor several foramina and fissures as well as bony irregularities where various ligaments, muscles, and capsules attach. There are a variety of surgical approaches to the orbit, including the traditional transcutaneous and neurosurgical techniques and, more recently, minimally invasive, endoscopic approaches.
Register in computational language research
Authors: Argamon Shlomo Engelson 
Published: April 2019

AbstractShlomo Argamon is Professor of Computer Science and Director of the Master of Data Science Program at the Illinois Institute of Technology (USA). In this article, he reflects on the current and potential relationship between register and the field of computational linguistics. He applies his expertise in computational linguistics and machine learning to a variety of problems in natural language processing. These include stylistic variation, forensic linguistics, authorship attribution, and biomedical informatics. He is particularly interested in the linguistic structures used by speakers and writers, including linguistic choices that are influenced by social variables such as age, gender, and register, as well as linguistic choices that are unique or distinctive to the style of individual authors. Argamon has been a pioneer in computational linguistics and NLP research in his efforts to account for and explore register variation. His computational linguistic research on register draws inspiration from Systemic Functional Linguistics, Biber’s multi-dimensional approach to register variation, as well as his own extensive experience accounting for variation within and across text types and authors. Argamon has applied computational methods to text classification and description across registers – including blogs, academic disciplines, and news writing – as well as the interaction between register and other social variables, such as age and gender. His cutting-edge research in these areas is certain to have a lasting impact on the future of computational linguistics and NLP.
Introduction.
Authors: Savill P. S. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

This chapter provides an introduction to the book and outlines the scope of the book. The importance of matching species to site; the provenance of trees; climate change and its effects; the composition of British forests in the 2000s; developments in British forests since 1990; and attitudes to non-native species are all described. The profitability of forestry, and pests and diseases (Melampsora rusts, Ash dieback caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) that affect the forestry industry are discussed. New uses for timber include glulam, laminated veneer lumber, thermally modified wood, antimicrobila properties of wood, and 'densified' wood are listed. Production of wood biomass for renewable energy is outlined.
High levels of expression of multiple enzymes in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway are important for high accumulation of ascorbic acid in acerola fruits
Authors: Suekawa Marina , Fujikawa Yukichi , Inoue Akari , Kondo Takayuki , Uchida Eriko , Koizumi Takeshi , Esaka Muneharu 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Acerola fruits contain abundant ascorbic acid (AsA). The gene expression levels of three upstream enzymes in the primary AsA biosynthesis pathway were correlated with AsA contents in the fruits of two acerola cultivars. Multiple overexpression of the enzymes increased AsA contents, suggesting their high expression is important for high AsA accumulation in acerola fruits and the breeding of AsA-rich plants.
Abbreviations: AsA: ascorbic acid; PMI: phosphomannose isomerase; PMM: phosphomannomutase; GMP: GDP-d-mannose pyrophosphorylase; GME: GDP-d-mannose 3ʹ,5ʹ-epimerase; GGP: GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase; GPP: l-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase; GDH: l-galactose dehydrogenase; GLDH: l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase
On models for the estimation of the excess mortality hazard in case of insufficiently stratified life tables
Authors: Rubio Francisco J , Rachet Bernard , Giorgi Roch , Maringe Camille , Belot Aurélien 
Published: April 2019

Summary
In cancer epidemiology using population-based data, regression models for the excess mortality hazard is a useful method to estimate cancer survival and to describe the association between prognosis factors and excess mortality. This method requires expected mortality rates from general population life tables: each cancer patient is assigned an expected (background) mortality rate obtained from the life tables, typically at least according to their age and sex, from the population they belong to. However, those life tables may be insufficiently stratified, as some characteristics such as deprivation, ethnicity, and comorbidities, are not available in the life tables for a number of countries. This may affect the background mortality rate allocated to each patient, and it has been shown that not including relevant information for assigning an expected mortality rate to each patient induces a bias in the estimation of the regression parameters of the excess hazard model. We propose two parametric corrections in excess hazard regression models, including a single-parameter or a random effect (frailty), to account for possible mismatches in the life table and thus misspecification of the background mortality rate. In an extensive simulation study, the good statistical performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated, and we illustrate their use on real population-based data of lung cancer patients. We present conditions and limitations of these methods and provide some recommendations for their use in practice.