bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of an Unknown Impurity in Glucosamine Sulfate Sodium Chloride by HPLC-Q-TOF MS and NMR
Authors: Zhang Miao , Zhu Peixi , Chen Yue , Ni Weifang , Li Yu , Hong Liya 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Glucosamine sulfate sodium chloride (glucosamine-SP) is mainly used for the
treatment of osteoarthritis. During quality control of glucosamine-SP capsules, an unknown impurity
was detected. Another unknown degradation product was generated together with above-mentioned
impurity in heat condition.

Objective:
The study aimed to characterize an unknown impurity in glucosamine-SP capsules.

Methods:
A new volatile HPLC method compatible with mass spectrometry detection was set up. An
amino column at 35 °C with a mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile (20: 80, v/v) was used
at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min at 297 nm. High-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-offlight
mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF MS) was used to identify the impurity with the electrospray
ionization (ESI) source in the positive ionization mode.

Results:
The results of HPLC-Q-TOF MS analysis indicated that the protonated molecule ions [M + H]+
of the unknown impurity and the novel degradation product were both at m/z 287. Preparative LC method
was put into practice with a Prep-C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile
(99: 1, v/v) at a flow rate of 20.0 ml/min at 297 nm. The assignment of the 1D and 2D NMR signals
was performed for the unknown impurity. In addition, the formation of impurities was also studied.

Conclusion:
An unknown impurity and a degradation product in glucosamine-SP capsules were characterized.
They were assigned as (1R, 2S, 3R)-1-(5-((S, E)-3, 4-dihydroxybut-1-en-1-yl) pyrazin-2-yl)
butane-1, 2, 3, 4-tetraol and (1R, 2S, 3R)-1-(5-((S, Z)-3, 4-dihydroxybut-1-en-1-yl) pyrazin-2-yl) butane-
1, 2, 3, 4-tetraol.
Effect of Chitosan, Chitosan Nanoparticle, Anacyclus pyrethrum and Cyperus rotundus in Combating Plasmid Mediated Resistance in Periodontitis
Authors: Subbiah Usha , Elayaperumal Gokulalakshmi , Elango Sonaa , Ramanathan Arvind , Gita Bagavad , Subramani Karthikeyan 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle, ethanolic extracts of Anacyclus pyrethrum
root and Cyperus rotundus rhizome were evaluated against plasmid mediated multidrug resistance
of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus sp. isolated from unstimulated
saliva of chronic periodontitis. The main aim of the current study centres the reduction of antibiotic
consumption and the development of natural compounds to combat multidrug resistance.

Methods:
Identification of bacteria, antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid stability and plasmid curing
was carried out for the characterization of resistance plasmids.

Results:
E. faecalis showed 89% of sensitivity to chitosan nanoparticle, chitosan 81%, C. Rotundus
69% and A. pyrethrum 62% for S. aureus, with the MIC >100 µg/ml. In comparison with the
antimicrobials tested, maximum resistance to tetracycline (89%) for E. faecalis, is followed by
ampicillin (87%) and tetracycline (81%) for S. aureus. Meanwhile, chloramphenicol and tetracycline
(80%) for Bacillus sp. The plasmid stability for E. faecalis (20%), S. aureus (<4%) and Bacillus
sp. (16%). The order of stability corresponding to the broth media is LB ˃ BHI ˃ nutrient for
E. faecalis, S. aureus but similar in LB and nutrient broth for bacillus sp. The maximum plasmid
curing efficiency of chitosan for S. aureus (76%), Chitosan nanoparticle for E. faecalis (88%), A.
pyrethrum for S. aureus (73%), C. rotundus for E. faecalis (87%). The order of plasmid curing efficiency
is chitosan nanoparticle>C. rotundus>chitosan>A. pyrethrum.

Conclusion:
Chitosan, Chitosan nanoparticle, C. rotundus, and A. pyrethrum offered a greater potential
in eliminating plasmid mediated resistance acquired by periodontal pathogens, thus addressing
this crisis in dentistry.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Permanganate Oxidation of ADA in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions
Authors: Hassan Refat , Ibrahim Samia M. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
ADA as N-(2-Acetemido) iminodiacetic acid has been widely used in preparation
of organic buffers and protein-free media for fibroblasts as chelating agent chicken embryo
fibroblasts as tridentate chelating agent ligand. However, a little attention has been focused to the behavior
of its oxidation in aqueous acidic solutions. Accordingly, a lack of information on the aqueous
chemistry of oxidation of ADA in acidic solutions was recognized. Therefore, we have prompted to
undertake the present work with the aims at shedding more light on the behavior of oxidation and the
nature of oxidation products. Again, it aims to compensate the lack of information about the aqueous
chemistry of ADA and the nature of electron-transfer for redox reactions involving permanganate ion
as a multi-equivalent oxidant.

Method:
A spectrophotometric investigation of oxidation of ADA by permanganate ion in aqueous
perchlorate solutions has been investigated.

Results:
Absorbance-time curves indicated the presence of two distinct stages for the oxidation process.
The experimental results indicated a decrease in the reaction rates with increasing the [H+], ionic
strength and F- ions. Again, the reaction rates were found to increase with increasing the added
Mn2+ and temperature.

Conclusion:
These results indicated that the oxidation process was of acid-inhibition nature and proceeding
by free-radical intervention mechanism. Again, the reactive species in the fast second stage
was the Mn4+ species formed in the initial stage. The activation parameters have been evaluated
from the temperature dependence of the rate constants. A tentative reaction mechanism was suggested
for such redox reaction.
Effects of Light Therapy on Mood and Insulin Sensitivity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Depression: Results From a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Brouwer Annelies , van Raalte Daniel H. , Nguyen Hoang-Ton , Rutters Femke , van de Ven Peter M. , Elders Petra J.M. , Moll Annette C. , Van Someren Eus J.W. , Snoek Frank J. , Beekman Aartjan T.F. , Bremmer Marijke A. 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE
Depression is common in patients with type 2 diabetes and adversely affects quality of life and diabetes outcomes. We assessed whether light therapy, an antidepressant, improves mood and insulin sensitivity in patients with depression and type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included 83 patients with depression and type 2 diabetes. The intervention comprised 4 weeks of light therapy (10,000 lux) or placebo light therapy daily at home. Primary outcomes included depressive symptoms (Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology [IDS]) and insulin sensitivity (M-value derived from the results of a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp). Secondary outcomes were related psychological and glucometabolic measures.

RESULTS
Intention-to-treat analysis showed that light therapy was not superior to placebo in reducing depressive symptoms (−3.9 IDS points [95% CI −9.0 to 1.2]; P = 0.248) and had no effect on insulin sensitivity (0.15 mg/kg*min [95% CI −0.41 to 0.70]; P = 0.608). Analyses incorporating only those participants who accurately adhered to the light therapy protocol (n = 51) provided similar results, but did suggest positive effects of light therapy on depression response rates (≥50% reduction in IDS points) (26% more response; P = 0.031). Prespecified analysis showed effect moderation by baseline insulin sensitivity (P = 0.009) and use of glucose-lowering medication (P = 0.023). Light therapy did not affect depressive symptoms in participants with higher insulin sensitivity or those who use only oral glucose-lowering medication or none at all, but it did produce a relevant effect in participants with lower insulin sensitivity (−12.9 IDS points [95% CI −21.6 to −4.2]; P = 0.017) and a trend toward effectiveness in those using insulin (−12.2 IDS points [95% CI −21.3 to −3.1]; P = 0.094). Light therapy was well tolerated.

CONCLUSIONS
Although this trial is essentially inconclusive, secondary analyses indicate that light therapy might be a promising treatment for depression among a subgroup of highly insulin-resistant individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Gluten Intake and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in Children at Increased Risk of the Disease: The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY)
Authors: Lund-Blix Nicolai A. , Dong Fran , Mårild Karl , Seifert Jennifer , Barón Anna E. , Waugh Kathleen C. , Joner Geir , Størdal Ketil , Tapia German , Stene Lars C. , Johnson Randi K. , Rewers Marian J. , Norris Jill M. 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE
To study the association of gluten intake with development of islet autoimmunity and progression to type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) follows children with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes. Blood samples were collected at 9, 15, and 24 months of age, and annually thereafter. Islet autoimmunity was defined by the appearance of at least one autoantibody against insulin, IA2, GAD, or ZnT8 (zinc transporter 8) in at least two consecutive blood samples. Using food frequency questionnaires, we estimated the gluten intake (in grams per day) annually from 1 year of age. Cox regression modeling early gluten intake, and joint modeling of the cumulative gluten intake during follow-up, were used to estimate hazard ratios adjusted for confounders (aHR).

RESULTS
By August 2017, 1,916 subjects were included (median age at end of follow-up 13.5 years), islet autoimmunity had developed in 178 participants, and 56 of these progressed to type 1 diabetes. We found no association between islet autoimmunity and gluten intake at 1–2 years of age or during follow-up (aHR per 4 g/day increase in gluten intake 1.00, 95% CI 0.85–1.17 and 1.01, 0.99–1.02, respectively). We found similar null results for progression from islet autoimmunity to type 1 diabetes. Introduction of gluten at &lt;4 months of age was associated with an increased risk of progressing from islet autoimmunity to type 1 diabetes compared with introduction at 4–5.9 months (aHR 8.69, 95% CI 1.69–44.8).

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate no strong rationale to reduce the amount of gluten in high-risk children to prevent development of type 1 diabetes.
No Backstage do Marketing da Experiência a Ótica dos Gestores na Aplicação de Estratégias de Marketing de Experiência por Meio de Ações de Patrocínio e Desenvolvimento de Projetos e Eventos
Authors: Cerqueira Alana Vitória Lacerda , Lopes Evandro Luiz , Da Silva Jussara Goulart 
Published: February 2019

A pesquisa teve a intenção de identificar a visão estratégica dos gestores no tocante à aplicação prática das ações do marketing da experiência. Nesse estudo o objetivo será descrever a utilização da estratégia de marketing de experiência através do patrocínio e do desenvolvimento de projetos e eventos realizados em quatro organizações distintas. Buscou-se discutir a a economia da experiência e o marketing experimental e o patrocínio e desenvolvimento de projetos e eventos. É uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo realizado por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com quatro gestores de marketing de grandes organizações. Como resultado, obteve-se que a gestão da experiência está voltada para a ansiedade e anseios por meio do posicionamento de valores, causas e emoções.
Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Pathways by Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Children with Cerebral Stroke
Authors: Tulyaganova N. M. 
Published: February 2019

Objective:to analysis of quantitative and qualitative changes in MR tractography in the diagnosis of structural brain damage in children with stroke.Materials and methods.We examined 55 children with stroke in different periods between the ages of birth to 6 years (mean age 5.99 ± 1.67 months; Me = 2.0 months.). All patients underwent DTI evaluation by measuring the fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ACD).Results.During the assessment of the FA in the affected and healthy side of the brain we have revealed a statistically significant (p < 0.001) decrease of indicators of FA and increase of MCD along the corticospinal tracts and at all levels of its passage. In the area of cystic degeneration the value of FA was significantly lower (0.05 ± 0.02) than in the area of gliosis (0.15 ± 0.03). In the area of cystic degeneration ACD was within 2.91 ± 0.44 • 10–3 mm2/s, and in the area of gliosis – 1.49 ± 0.27 • 10–3 mm2/s. Comparison of ACD values depending on the motor deficits showed statistically significant differences between patients with monoparesis, hemiparesis and tetraparesis (p < 0.029).Conclusion.Diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging possible for not only to evaluate the available quantitative and qualitative changes brain pathways in different periods of stroke in children, but also it can predict the growth of motor deficits (in this case fractional anisotropy more sensitive indicator which significantly correlated with functional outcome (p < 0.05) in children with stroke).
The Possibilities of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Differential Diagnosis of Recurrent Rectal Cancer and Postoperative Scars
Authors: Otochkin V. V. , Rozengauz E. V. 
Published: February 2019

The purpose: to develop differential diagnostic criteria of recurrence and scarring by using various MRI techniques.Materials and methods. MRI of the pelvis was performed in 139 patients at different times after removal of colorectal cancer. Recurrence was diagnosed in 48 (34.5%) patients. The shape, size, structure, signal characteristics and the intensity of the accumulation of contrast agent in zones of recurrence and scarring were analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups with different types of postoperative MRI pattern of pelvic: patients without scarring in the pelvis, patients with a homogeneous scarring, patients with inhomogeneous scarring. The present study was compared with MRI data performed in the early stages after surgery.Results. The recurrences with typical MR characteristics were so easy to identify and did not require differential diagnosis. The patients with recurrence occurred in severe scar process in the pelvis needed for differential diagnosis. The detection of recurrence and monitoring of patients without scarring in the pelvis was not difficult. The greatest difficulties arose during the initial examination of patients with inhomogeneous scarring. The difficulties in the differential diagnosis occurred at small sizes of recurrence up to 15 mm, making it impossible to assess their structure and signal characteristics; in the event of relapse in presacral areas of scarring, the presence of areas of hemorrhage in the tumor structure.Conclusions. The presence of severe scar process in the pelvis was the main reason for difficulties in detection and differential diagnosis of recurrence of rectal cancer.
On the Impact of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Confirmed by Biopsy, on the Results of the Two-Dimensional Shear Elastography
Authors: Katrich A. N. , Okhotina A. V. , Ponkina O. N. , Ryabin N. S. 
Published: February 2019

The aim:to study of the effect of NAFLD on the results of shear elastography (based on the results of liver biopsy). Materials and methods.We have performed outcome analysis in 137 patients, treated from 2015 to 2016. All patients had chronic diffuse liver diseases and were hospitalized for morphological evaluation and diagnosis clarification. Group 1 (n = 117) with no fat changes in the liver parenchyma. Group 2 (n = 20) with steatosis of the liver. In our work, we used: scanner Aixplorer (France). All patients underwent shear wave elastography (2DSWE) with the study of the quantitative index of stiffness of liver tissue, staging the results on the Metavir scale.Results.In the 1st group of patients (without steatosis), in the ROC analysis, cutoff values of elasticity were obtained, the diagnostic efficiency of the Metavir stage of fibrosis was the most optimal: for F2 > 6.8 kPa (sensitivity 85.7, specificity 52, 9, AUROC 0.684); For F3 > 8.5 kPa (sensitivity 91, specificity 57.1, AUROC 0.745); For F4 > 14 kPa (sensitivity 95.7, specificity 52.2, AUROC 0.791). It was found, that the presence of steatosis significantly increases the elasticity of the liver tissue. So, in the subgroup sF0 (with steatosis) was a significant increasing of young's module Ме = 11,2 kPa (95% CI 7,3–17,5) compared to Ме = 6,1 kPa (95% CI 5,4– 9,6) in the subgroup F0 (without steatosis) (P = 0,0168, AUROC = 0,741) and up to Ме=9,95 kPa (95% CI 6,8–13,0) in the subgroup sF0 + sF1 (with steatosis) compared with Ме=6,65 kPa (95%CI 5,6–9,5) of the subgroup F0 + F1 (without steatosis) (P = 0.0295, = 0.707). This increase was, respectively, 83,6% and 49.6% Сonclusions.This study confirmed the effectiveness of the shear wave elastography method in assessing the relationship between stiffness parameters and the morphological fibrosis of the liver parenchyma and also contributed to the final confirmation of the effect of steatosis on liver stiffness.
Planning of the Autotransplantation of the Liver to the Patients with Advanced Alveococosis Based on the Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: Bashkov A. N. , Voskanyan S. E. , Sheykh Z. V. , Karmazanovsky G. G. , Dunaev A. P. , Popov M. V. , Grigor'eva O. O. , Shikunov D. A. , Orekhova N. V. 
Published: February 2019

Aim: to analize computed tomography data while planning autotransplantation of the liver for advanced alveococcosis.Materials and Methods.A retrospective analysis of the results of multidetector computed tomography of the abdomen and retroperitoneal space of 7 patients with advanced liver alveococcosis was made in order to plan autotransplantation. Besides a description of the location and size of parasitic lesion for each patient relationship with main vessels was evaluated - the inferior vena cava, hepatic and portal veins, hepatic arteries, and the presence of extrahepatic component. The vessel assessed as involved in the pathological process not only in case of clear invasion, but also with abutment because of infiltrative growth of alveococcus. The accuracy of the method was estimated by comparison with the intraoperative data.Results.The data of computed tomography while the planning of liver autotransplantation coincided with the intraoperative data in all examined patients. The main criteria indicating the need for this type of surgical intervention was the involvement of the retrohepatic part of the inferior vena cava to the caval gates inclusive and/or hepatic veins. With extrahepatic spread of parasitic masses it is possible to affect not only the surrounding organs, but also the main vessels, for example, with growth in the hepatic-duodenal ligament. Thus, in one patient during the operation, the occlusion of artery hepatica propria was confirmed. In two cases of recurrence of the parasitic process after rightsided hemihepatectomy, the almost identical pattern of involvement of the liver resection surface, inferior cava and portal veins, diaphragm, adrenal gland in combination with a extent adhesive process in the right subdiaphragmal space.Conclusions.CT scan data allowed to correctly plan the volume of operative intervention – autotransplantation of the liver – in all the examined patients. It is of interest to evaluate the accuracy of the method on a larger group of patients.
Magnetic-Resonance Tomography for Anthropometric Value of Kidneys and Adrenals in Prognosis Efficiency of Renal Sympathetic Denervation in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Ryumshina N. I. , Lukyanenok P. I. , Mordovin V. F. , Usov V. Yu. 
Published: February 2019

Aim: to evaluate the possible role of contrast-enhanced MRI studies of the kidneys in prognosis of clinical effect of the renal denervation treatment of the resistant hypertension.Material and methods. 24 patients (57.8 ± 8.75 years) with resistant hypertension were included, in everybody the radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the sympathetic nerves of renal arteries was carried out. The average 24-h monitor of the arterial pressure was as 137–210/57–148 mm Hg. The MRI studies were performed using MRI scanner “Titan Vantage” (by “Toshiba Medical Ltd”, with the field induction 1.5 Т). After this the intravenous contrast enhancement has been carried out (with 0.5 М solution, 0.2 ml/Kg), with repeat acquisition of Т1-weighted spin-echo images in3–5 min after contrast injection.Results.MRI was employed for quantitative calculation of renal volumes of cortex, medulla and of kidney as total, as well as of suprarenal’s volume. Significant negative correlation of postoperation decrease of arterial pressure has been detected with both volume of renal cortex, as {Decrease in AP = 42.7–0.35 • (V left kidney)}, and also with mass of the right suprarenal gland as {Decrease in SAP = 16.5–6.78 • • (V right suprarenal)}.Conclusion.The anatomic quantitative data of the preoperativeMRI studies of the kidneys can be employed as prognostic tool in patients referred to the renal denervation treatment of the resistant hypertension.
Coronary Flow Reserve Assessment in Patients with Cad by Dynamic Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography
Authors: Mochula A. V. , Zavadovsky K. V. , Andreev S. L. , Krylov A. L. , Lishmanov Yu. B. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose: to assess the coronary flow reserve in patients with one, two and multi-vessel coronary artery diseases by dynamic SPECT using semiconductor (cadmium-zinctelluride)- based gamma camera.Material and methods.This work included 42 patients with stable coronary artery diseases. The first group consisted of 12 (28.6%) patients with single and two-vessel coronary artery disease (STCAD) (8 males and 4 females; mean age 61.5 ± 3.8 years) with intermediate (50–70%) and significant (>70%) coronary artery stenosis. Second group included 30 (71.4%) patients with multi- vessel coronary artery diseases (MVCAD) (22 males and 8 females; mean age 60.1 ± 4.3 years) with a lesion >70% in at least 2 major epicardial vessels according to invasive coronary angiography. All patients underwent rest-stress dynamic SPECT as well as conventional myocardial perfusion imaging with 99mTc-MIBI as a radiopharmaceutical. All scintigraphic images were acquired on the hybrid SPECT/CT unit (GE Discovery NM/CT 570C). Patient with STCAD underwent invasive FFR detection.Results.When comparing the results of MPI between the study groups, there were no significant differences. ROC analysis showed that the global MFR ≤ 1,42 allows to identify MVCAD with a sensitivity and specificity 68% and 86,4%, for PSM, these values are: 39.1% and 86.4% (AUC = 0.655, p < 0.05), respectively (“gold” standard CAG). The sensitivity and specificity of the regional MFR to identify the hemodynamic significance of coronary artery stenoses at a value of <1.33 was 100% (the “gold” standard of FFR). Most likely, high sensitivity and specificity in this case are associated with a small number of patients with true stenoses of FFR.Conclusion.The performance of standard MPI in combination with dynamic single-photon emission computed tomography allows to increase the diagnostic significance of the scintigraphic approach in the evaluation of myocardial microcirculation disorders in multivessel coronary artery disease. Dynamic SPECT is a promising method of noninvasive assessment of hemodynamic significance of coronary artery stenoses.