bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of semi‐automated continuous solid‐phase extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in alcoholic and non‐alcoholic drinks from Andalucía (Spain)
Authors: Rascón Andrés J , Azzouz Abdelmonaim , Ballesteros Evaristo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of contaminants that can reach drinks in various ways. Their assessment in terms of food safety is needed as a priority. The present study developed a methodology to estimate their presence in several types of drinks.RESULTSIn this work, a method was developed for detecting and quantifying PAHs in drinks using a semi‐automated, solid‐phase extraction closed system for clean up and isolation, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for determination. The proposed method is accurate, precise, and sensitive, with low limits of detection (0.02–0.6 ng L−1), low relative standard deviations (< 6.5%), and high recoveries (90–103%). Its high flexibility allows application to a variety of drinks from (Spain) including distillates, beer, wine, cider, soft drinks, fruit juice, tea, and coffee.CONCLUSIONThis methodology allows the detection of this family of compounds at trace levels using low quantities of sample and solvents. Most of the samples studied contained two or more of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) 16 PAH priority pollutants, albeit at levels below the legally allowed limit. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A Moderate Interleukin‐6 Reduction, Not a Moderate Weight Reduction, Improves the Serum Iron Status in Diet‐Induced Weight Loss with Fish Oil Supplementation
Authors: Huang Shih‐Yi , Sabrina Nindy , Chien Yi‐Wen , Chen Yi‐Chun , Lin Shyh‐Hsiang , Chang Jung‐Su 
Published: July 2018

Background & AimsWhether moderate weight loss or a reduction in IL‐6 improves the serum iron status in overweight (OW) and obese adults supplemented with or without fish oil is explored.Methods and ResultsIn total, 93 OW/obese Taiwanese adults with ≥2 metabolic components are randomized to a 12‐week calorie‐restricted diet with meal replacement alone (CRMR, n = 45) or supplemented with fish oil (CRMRF, n = 48). Mean reductions in the %body weight and serum IL‐6 are 7.5% versus 5.9% and 21% versus 35% for the CRMR and CRMRF groups, respectively. In the CRMRF group, a moderate loss of IL‐6 (reduced ≥35%) also significantly improves the serum iron and transferrin saturation compared to those with loss of <35% in the mean serum IL‐6 or those of the CRMR group who has a moderate loss of IL‐6 (reduced ≥21%) (all p < 0.05). In contrast, modest weight loss does not improve the serum iron status.ConclusionsFish oil is ineffective as an adjunct for weight or fat loss but has beneficial effects on preserving the lean body mass. A significant improvement in the iron status is only observed in those with moderate loss of serum IL‐6 supplemented with fish oil.
Lithocholic Acid Improves the Survival of Drosophila Melanogaster
Authors: Staats Stefanie , Rimbach Gerald , Kuenstner Axel , Graspeuntner Simon , Rupp Jan , Busch Hauke , Sina Christian , Ipharraguerre Ignacio R. , Wagner Anika E. 
Published: July 2018

ScopePrimary bile acids are produced in the liver, whereas secondary bile acids, such as lithocholic acid (LCA), are generated by gut bacteria from primary bile acids that escape the ileal absorption. Besides their well‐known function as detergents in lipid digestion, bile acids are important signaling molecules mediating effects on the host's metabolism.Methods and resultsFruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are supplemented with 50 μmol L–1 LCA either for 30 days or throughout their lifetime. LCA supplementation results in a significant induction of the mean (+12 days), median (+10 days), and maximum lifespan (+ 11 days) in comparison to untreated control flies. This lifespan extension is accompanied by an induction of spargel (srl), the fly homolog of mammalian PPAR‐γ co‐activator 1α (PGC1α). In wild‐type flies, the administration of antibiotics abrogates both the LCA‐mediated lifespan induction as well as the upregulation of srl.ConclusionIt is shown that the secondary bile acid LCA significantly induces the mean, the median, and the maximum survival in D. melanogaster. Our data suggest that besides an upregulation of the PGC1α‐homolog srl, unidentified alterations in the structure or metabolism of the gut microbiota contribute to the longevity effect mediated by LCA.
Technical Note: Acceleration of online adaptive replanning with automation and parallel operations
Authors: Zhang Jingqiao , Ahunbay Ergun , Li X. Allen 
Published: July 2018

PurposeLimited by various human interventions and manual operations, the routine practice of online adaptive replanning (OLAR) is time consuming and impractical with the current planning technology. To accelerate OLAR and to minimize human efforts, the methods and software tools are developed to automate OLAR workflow and to use parallel processing during OLAR.MethodsSpeedy online adaptive replanning SOLAR, a software tool, was developed to automate the OLAR workflow and to implement parallel operation in plan generation and contour editing. The SOLAR tool is designed to automate and monitor the operation of OLAR on multiple client workstations and to allow parallel manual contour editing and plan generation with multiple workstations. The performance of the SOLAR tool was tested on selected prostate and pancreatic cancer cases.ResultsThe SOLAR system has been tested in the clinical environment. With the automation and parallel operations, the operation time for OLAR can be reduced by 70%, allowing OLAR to be completed within 10 min for the tested prostate cancer cases and within 15 min for the pancreatic cancer cases. The SOLAR system generated superior plans compared to the standard repositioning method.ConclusionSOLAR software was developed to accelerate online adaptive replanning workflow with automation and parallel operations. By reducing the time and human intervention, thus, reducing potential human error, the SOLAR solution would improve the practicality of OLAR.
Automated quality control assessment of clinical chest images
Authors: Willis Charles E. , Nishino Thomas K. , Wells Jered R. , Ai H. Asher , Wilson Joshua M. , Samei Ehsan 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine whether a proposed suite of objective image quality metrics for digital chest radiographs is useful for monitoring image quality in a clinical setting unique from the one where the metrics were developed.MethodsSeventeen gridless AP chest radiographs from a GE Optima portable digital radiography (DR) unit (“sub‐standard” images; Group 2) and 17 digital PA chest radiographs (“standard‐of‐care” images; Group 1) and 15 gridless (non‐routine) PA chest radiographs (images with a gross technical error; Group 3) from a Discovery DR unit were chosen for analysis. Group 2 images were acquired with a lower kVp (100 vs 125) and shorter source‐to‐image distance (127 cm vs 183 cm) and were expected to have lower quality than Group 1 images. Group 3 images were expected to have degraded contrast vs Group 1 images. Images were anonymized and securely transferred to the Duke University Clinical Imaging Physics Group for analysis using software described and validated previously. Individual image quality was reported in terms of lung gray level, lung detail, lung noise, rib‐lung contrast, rib sharpness, mediastinum detail, mediastinum noise, mediastinum alignment, subdiaphragm‐lung contrast, and subdiaphragm area. Metrics were compared across groups. To improve precision of means and confidence intervals for routine exams, an additional 66 PA images were acquired, processed, and pooled with Group 1. Three observer studies were conducted to assess whether humans were able to identify images classified by the algorithm as abnormal.ResultsMetrics agreed with published Quality Consistency Ranges with three exceptions: higher lung gray level, lower rib‐lung contrast, and lower subdiaphragm‐lung contrast. Higher (stored) bit depth (14 vs 12) accounted for higher lung gray level values in our images. Values were most internally consistent for Group 1. The most sensitive metric for distinguishing between groups was mediastinum noise, followed closely by lung noise. The least sensitive metrics were mediastinum detail and rib‐lung contrast. The algorithm was more sensitive than human observers at detecting suboptimal diagnostic quality images.ConclusionsThe software appears promising for objectively and automatically identifying suboptimal images in a clinical imaging operation. The results can be used to establish local quality consistency ranges and action limits per facility preferences.
The correlation between the type of forceps application and the rate of levator ani muscle avulsion: A prospective cohort study
Authors: García Mejido José Antonio , Aquise Pino Adriana , Fernández Palacín Ana , de la Fuente Vaquero Paloma , Ramos Vega Zenaida , Sainz Bueno José Antonio 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesThe association between the use of forceps and levator ani muscle (LAM) avulsion seems to be clear‐cut. However, whether the lesion is due to the mechanical trauma yielded by the instrument or to the intrinsic complexity of this type of delivery, is yet to be determined. This study aims at determining the difference in LAM avulsion rate between Kielland rotational forceps and non‐rotational forceps.Study DesignProspective observational study with 94 nulliparous women with forceps‐assisted deliveries (FD) between July 2015 and January 2016. 3D‐TpUS was performed 6 months after every patient's delivery, during which LAM avulsion, and levator hiatus area and anteroposterior and transverse diameters were assessed.ResultsA total of 89 nulliparous were studied, comprising 27 rotational‐FD, and 62 non‐rotational‐FD. No differences in obstetric, intrapartum, or neonatal characteristics were observed between study groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the presence of avulsion between cases of rotational forceps (44.4% vs 35.5%, OR: 1.5 [0.6‐3.6]), correction of asinclitism of the fetal head (34.4% vs. 40.4% OR: 0.8 [0.3‐1.9]) or station (midforceps: 32.8% vs low forceps: 50.0% OR: 2.0 [0.8‐5.1]).ConclusionsWe have not observed differences in the LAM‐avulsion rate between rotational forceps and non‐rotational forceps performed by highly experienced personnel in instrumental deliveries.
Redox control of iodotyrosine deiodinase
Authors: Hu Jimin , Su Qi , Schlessman Jamie L. , Rokita Steven E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe redox chemistry of flavoproteins is often gated by substrate and iodotyrosine deiodinase (IYD) has the additional ability to switch between reaction modes based on the substrate. Association of fluorotyrosine (F‐Tyr), an inert substrate analog, stabilizes single electron transfer reactions of IYD that are not observed in the absence of this ligand. The co‐crystal of F‐Tyr and a T239A variant of human IYD have now been characterized to provide a structural basis for control of its flavin reactivity. Coordination of F‐Tyr in the active site of this IYD closely mimics that of iodotyrosine and only minor perturbations are observed after replacement of an active site Thr with Ala. However, loss of the side chain hydroxyl group removes a key hydrogen bond from flavin and suppresses the formation of its semiquinone intermediate. Even substitution of Thr with Ser decreases the midpoint potential of human IYD between its oxidized and semiquinone forms of flavin by almost 80 mV. This decrease does not adversely affect the kinetics of reductive dehalogenation although an analogous Ala variant exhibits a 6.7‐fold decrease in its kcat/Km. Active site ligands lacking the zwitterion of halotyrosine are not able to induce closure of the active site lid that is necessary for promoting single electron transfer and dehalogenation. Under these conditions, a basal two‐electron process dominates catalysis as indicated by preferential reduction of nitrophenol rather than deiodination of iodophenol.
FRETting about the affinity of bimolecular protein–protein interactions
Authors: Lin Tao , Scott Brandon L. , Hoppe Adam D. , Chakravarty Suvobrata 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a powerful tool to study macromolecular interactions such as protein–protein interactions (PPIs). Fluorescent protein (FP) fusions enable FRET‐based PPI analysis of signaling pathways and molecular structure in living cells. Despite FRET's importance in PPI studies, FRET has seen limited use in quantifying the affinities of PPIs in living cells. Here, we have explored the relationship between FRET efficiency and PPI affinity over a wide range when expressed from a single plasmid system in Escherichia coli. Using live‐cell microscopy and a set of 20 pairs of small interacting proteins, belonging to different structural folds and interaction affinities, we demonstrate that FRET efficiency can reliably measure the dissociation constant (KD) over a range of mM to nM. A 10‐fold increase in the interaction affinity results in 0.05 unit increase in FRET efficiency, providing sufficient resolution to quantify large affinity differences (> 10‐fold) using live‐cell FRET. This approach provides a rapid and simple strategy for assessment of PPI affinities over a wide range and will have utility for high‐throughput analysis of protein interactions.
(E)‐β‐farnesene synthase gene affects aphid behavior in transgenic Medicago sativa
Authors: Wang Xuemin , Gao Yuhao , Chen Zhihong , Li Jindong , Huang Jianping , Cao Jiangbo , Cui Miaomiao , Ban Liping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) is one of the major pests in alfalfa crops, causing significant yield losses. (E)‐β‐farnesene (EβF), an alarm pheromone released by pea aphid, is generic to many species of aphids, and is used to minimize potential danger from predators and parasitoids by avoiding the source of the pheromone.RESULTSIn this study, EβF synthase gene was constructed into a plant expression vector, and overexpressed in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), with expression among transgenic lines confirmed by qRT‐PCR. Subcellular localization analysis showed that EβF synthase gene was expressed in the plasma membrane and nucleus of the leaf. GC/MS of extraction from transgenic alfalfa indicated emission of EβF ranging from 5.92 to 13.09 ng day−1 g−1 fresh tissue. Behavior assays in Y‐olfactometers demonstrated that transgenic alfalfa expressing AaEβF gene could repel pea aphids, with aphids taking a significantly longer time to select a transgenic line compared with the control line (P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONWe have demonstrated a potentially valuable strategy of using EβF synthase genes for aphid control in alfalfa. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Critical Driving Forces for Formation of Bainite
Authors: Leach Lindsay , Kolmskog Peter , Höglund Lars , Hillert Mats , Borgenstam Annika 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
An empirical equation for predicting bainite start temperatures of steels was recently derived by starting from binary Fe-C alloys and continuing with ternary Fe-C-M alloys. This result is now illustrated with a family of B
S lines in a T,C diagram for a series of constant Mn contents. The critical driving force for the formation of ferrite is calculated for diffusionless or diffusional processes, and these quantities are used as dependent variables with carbon content or temperature as independent variables. Negative critical driving forces are predicted for a diffusionless process in binary Fe-C alloys, showing that this process cannot apply to the formation of bainite. The critical driving force for a diffusional process increases strongly with decreasing temperature and increasing carbon content. Mn and Ni, contrary to Cr, Mo and Si, have remarkably small effects on this critical driving force. The results are discussed by imagining that the magnitude of the critical driving force is governed by the height of an energy barrier that must be surmounted during growth. It is modeled as completely determined by the alloy composition. It is represented with an equation evaluated by fitting to the recent empirical equation and describing the carbon dependence of the barrier.
Referral pathways between the mental health services and Jigsaw
Authors: Beatty E. , Keogh R. , Cohen D. , McDonald G. , McDonald C. , Hallahan B. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo examine similarities and differences in the demographic and clinical profiles of young people (15–25 years of age) referred between the mental health services (MHS) and Jigsaw Galway.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted of clinical files of individuals attending secondary MHS who had been referred to or from Jigsaw Galway over a 5-year period. Differences in demographic and clinical data between individuals referred to or from Jigsaw Galway were compared.ResultsA recent act of self-harm was more prevalent in individuals referred from Jigsaw to the adult MHS (p=0.02). No other demographic or clinical differences were detected between individuals attending Jigsaw Galway and the MHS.ConclusionsEducation sessions for clinical staff working in primary care, Jigsaw Galway and the MHS are suggested to support clinicians in choosing the best referral pathway, which may more optimally address young people’s mental health difficulties.
Analytical theory of homogeneous mean shear turbulence
Authors: Weinstock Jerome 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA compact nonlinear expression for the velocity spectra of homogeneous mean shear flow is derived by means of a simplified two-point closure. It applies to all scales and times. The derived equation can be viewed as a nonlinear extension of the linear, rapid-distortion-theory (RDT) equation. The principal simplification is to model the nonlinear pressure–strain rate as first-order in the spectral anisotropy: a spectral Rotta-equation. This simplified equation and its solution are expressed in terms of the RDT solution. That solution helps reveal the role of nonlinearity. An equation for the velocity spectrum is then obtained at all scales and times. A dominant characteristic predicted for nonlinear behaviour is that the turbulence energy grows exponentially with time, with the spectrum simultaneously moving to smaller and smaller wavenumbers. The nonlinear growth rate is determined. Other analytical predictions of the derived equation include: the conditions for self-similarity; local isotropy; various properties of mean shear flow, including characteristic energy, length and temporal growth scales; and a critique of perturbation theory. Comparisons are made with laboratory experiments and direct numerical simulations. Although the theory applies to all scales and times, including an exact expression for RDT, the calculations are focused on nonlinear behaviour at large times. Several approximations used in this work are examined.
Landslide Fens as a Sensitive Indicator of Paleoenvironmental Changes Since the Late Glacial: A Case Study of the Polish Western Carpathians
Authors: Margielewski Włodzimierz 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the sequences of landslide fen (mire) deposits of the Polish Western Carpathians, Late Glacial-Holocene paleoenvironmental changes were recorded. Downpours and/or continuous rains cyclically repeated during phases of climate humidity growth, causing supplies of mineral material to the minerogenic mires. In effect, illuvial or mineral horizons were formed in landslide fen deposits, as well as mineral covers overly fens in some sites. Sedimentological records reflect various, overlapping factors, as climatic changes, human activity (e.g. accelerating erosion), as well the specificity of the sedimentary environment in each studied landslide fens. The reconstruction and interpretation of the paleoenvironmental changes recorded in landslide fen sediments must be supported by multiproxy analysis of the sequences using pollen, lithological (loss on ignition, grain size and petrography) analyses of samples accurately dated by numerous radiocarbon (14C) dates.
Photographic Encounters: Martín Chambi, Indigeneity and Chile–Peru Relations in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Crow Joanna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn 1936, the indigenous Peruvian photographer Martín Chambi travelled to and exhibited his work in Chile. Using a transnational framework of historical analysis, this article explores the multiple meanings of his visit. In particular it underscores the involvement of the Chilean and Peruvian governments in this cultural encounter, and highlights some of the commonalities and connections, as well as differences, between the discourses of race that were circulating in Chile and Peru at the time. This is important because it undermines the dominant historical narratives, which have tended to present Chile as a country that – in contrast to Peru – failed to engage in discussions about the so-called ‘indigenous question’, and which have interpreted relations between Chile and Peru almost exclusively as antagonistic and hostile.
Replications can cause distorted belief in scientific progress
Authors: Białek Michał 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIf we want psychological science to have a meaningful real-world impact, it has to be trusted by the public. Scientific progress is noisy; accordingly, replications sometimes fail even for true findings. We need to communicate the acceptability of uncertainty to the public and our peers, to prevent psychology from being perceived as having nothing to say about reality.
To make innovations such as replication mainstream, publish them in mainstream journals
Authors: Egloff Boris 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIt was a pleasure to read Zwaan et al.'s wise and balanced target article. Here, I use it as a shining example for bolstering the argument that to make innovations such as replication mainstream, it seems advisable to move the debates from social media to respected “mainstream” psychology journals. Only then will mainstream psychologists be reached and, we hope, convinced.
Three ways to make replication mainstream
Authors: Gernsbacher Morton Ann 
Published: July 2018

AbstractZwaan et al. argue convincingly that replication needs to be more mainstream. Here, I suggest three practices for achieving that goal: Incremental Replications, which are built into each experiment in a series of experiments; Reciprocal Replications, which are reciprocal arrangements of co-replications across labs; and Didactic Replications, which are replications used for training.
A Bayesian decision-making framework for replication
Authors: Hardwicke Tom E. , Tessler Michael Henry , Peloquin Benjamin N. , Frank Michael C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractReplication is the cornerstone of science – but when and why? Not all studies need replication, especially when resources are limited. We propose that a decision-making framework based on Bayesian philosophy of science provides a basis for choosing which studies to replicate.
Putting replication in its place
Authors: Heit Evan , Rotello Caren M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDirect replication is valuable but should not be elevated over other worthwhile research practices, including conceptual replication and checking of statistical assumptions. As noted by Rotello et al. (2015), replicating studies without checking the statistical assumptions can lead to increased confidence in incorrect conclusions. Finally, successful replications should not be elevated over failed replications, given that both are informative.
How to make replications mainstream
Authors: IJzerman Hans , Grahe Jon , Brandt Mark J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractZwaan et al. integrated previous articles to promote making replications mainstream. We wholeheartedly agree. We extend their discussion by highlighting several existing initiatives – the Replication Recipe and the Collaborative Education and Research Project (CREP) - which aim to make replications mainstream. We hope this exchange further stimulates making replications mainstream.