bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Different Polar Groups of EPA‐Enriched Phospholipids on Ameliorating Memory Loss and Cognitive Deficiency in Aged SAMP8 Mice
Authors: Zhou Miao‐miao , Che Hong‐xia , Huang Jia‐qi , Zhang Tian‐tian , Xu Jie , Xue Chang‐hu , Wang Yu‐ming 
Published: February 2018

ScopeRecent studies have shown that omega‐3 PUFAs enriched phospholipids (n‐3 PUFA‐PLs) have beneficial effects on memory and cognition. However, most reports only attribute the benefit to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and pay little attention to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).Methods and resultsWe investigate the effect of EPA‐enriched phospholipids on cognitive deficiency in senescence‐accelerated prone 8 (SAMP8) mouse. Ten‐month‐old SAMP8 mice are fed with 2% (w/w) EPA‐enriched phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidyl ethanolamine (EPA‐PC/PE; EPA:DHA = 46.8:3.01) or 2% EPA‐enriched phosphatidylserine (EPA‐PS; biosynthesized from EPA‐PC/PE) for 8 weeks; we then test the behavioral performances in the Barnes maze test and Morris maze test; the changes of oxidative stress, apoptosis, neurotrophic factors, tau phosphorylation, and Aβ pathology are also measured. The results of behavior tests indicate that both EPA‐PC/PE and EPA‐PS significantly improve memory and cognitive deficiency. It is found that remarkable amelioration of oxidative stress and apoptosis occurs in both EPA‐PC/PE and EPA‐PS groups. EPA‐PS shows more ameliorative effects than EPA‐PC/PE on neurotrophic activity by decreasing hyper‐phosphorylation of tau and depressing the generation and accumulation of β‐amyloid peptide (Aβ).ConclusionThese data suggest that EPA‐PS exhibits better effects than EPA‐PC/PE on ameliorating memory and cognitive function, which might be attributed to the phospholipid polar groups.
Pulsed gradient stimulated echo (PGStE) NMR shows spatial dependence of fluid diffusion in human stage IV osteoarthritic cartilage
Authors: Mailhiot Sarah E. , Codd Sarah L. , Brown Jennifer R. , Seymour Joseph D. , June Ronald K. 
Published: February 2018

PurposeHuman osteoarthritic (OA) articular cartilage was investigated with spatially resolved pulsed gradient stimulated echo (PGStE) NMR using strong gradients. In this study, the diffusivity of fluid and biopolymer was characterized as a function of depth within human OA cartilage cores.MethodsOne dimensional (1D) spatially resolved diffusion profiles were measured for human OA cartilage using a standard pulsed gradient stimulated echo (PGStE) sequence with the addition of a read imaging gradient. Low gradient values (0.05 to 1.5 Tm−1) were used to measure fluid motion and high gradients (2.50 to 17.81 Tm−1) enabled analysis of biopolymer motion. Structural damage to cartilage was simulated using either salt or collagenase.ResultsThese data demonstrate that fluid diffusion is sensitive to salt treatment and collagenase digestion, while biopolymer diffusion is sensitive only to collagenase digestion. Biopolymer and fluid diffusion are donor specific for human OA cartilage samples.ConclusionThese data support that fluid diffusion is sensitive to the structure of cartilage while biopolymer diffusion is sensitive to the molecular weight of the biopolymers. The results show that diffusion of fluid and biopolymers in articular cartilage are sensitive to OA and provide complimentary information. Magn Reson Med 80:1170–1177, 2018. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
A systematic review of urinary bladder hypertrophy in experimental diabetes: Part I. Streptozotocin‐induced rat models
Authors: Arioglu Inan Ebru , Ellenbroek Johanne H. , Michel Martin C. 
Published: February 2018

AimsTo better understand the genesis and consequences of urinary bladder hypertrophy in animal models of diabetes. This part of a three‐article series will analyze urinary bladder hypertrophy in the diabetes mellitus type 1 model of rats injected with streptozotocin (STZ).MethodsA systematic search for the key word combination “diabetes,” “bladder” and “hypertrophy” was performed in PubMed; additional references were identified from reference lists of those publications. All papers were systematically extracted for relevant information.ResultsA total of 39 studies were identified that quantitatively reported on bladder hypertrophy in rats upon injection of STZ; of which several reported on multiple time points yielding a total of 83 group comparisons. Bladder hypertrophy was found consistently, being fully developed as early as 1 week after STZ injection (bladder weight 188 ± 59% of matched control). Hypertrophy was similar across sexes and STZ doses (35‐40 vs 50‐65 mg/kg) but appeared greater with Wistar rats than other rat strains. The extent of bladder hypertrophy was not correlated to blood glucose concentrations, but normalization of blood glucose concentration by insulin treatment starting early after STZ injection prevented hypertrophy; insulin treatment starting after hypertrophy had established largely reversed it.ConclusionsBladder size approximately doubles after STZ injection in rats; the extent of hypertrophy is not linked to the severity of hyperglycemia but largely reversible by restoration of euglycemia.
Value of urodynamic findings in predicting upper urinary tract damage in neuro‐urological patients: A systematic review
Authors: Musco Stefania , Padilla‐Fernández Barbara , Del Popolo Giulio , Bonifazi Matteo , Blok Bertil F. M. , Groen Jan , ‘t Hoen Lisette , Pannek Jürgen , Bonzon Jerome , Kessler Thomas M. , Schneider Marc P. , Gross Tobias , Karsenty Gilles , Phé Véronique , Hamid Rizwan , Ecclestone Hazel , Castro‐Diaz David 
Published: February 2018

AimThe main goals of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) management are preventing upper urinary tract damage (UUTD), improving continence, and quality of life. Here, we aimed to systematically assess all available evidence on urodynamics predicting UUTD in patients with NLUTD.MethodsA systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) Statement was performed in March 2017. Only neuro‐urological patients assessed by urodynamics were included. Any outcome of upper urinary tract function were evaluated.ResultsForty‐nine studies (1 randomized controlled trial, 9 prospective, and 39 retrospective case series) reported urodynamic data on 4930 neuro‐urological patients. Of those, 2828 (98%) were spina bifida (SB) children. The total number of adults was 2044, mainly having spinal cord injury (SCI) (60%). A low bladder compliance was found in 568 (46.3%) and 341 (29.3%) of the paediatric and adult population, respectively. Hydronephrosis (HDN) was detected in 557 children (27.8%) in 19/28 studies and 178 adults (14.6%), mainly SCI, in 14/21 studies. Nine out of 30 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients affected by HDN (16.8%) showed low compliance in 4/14 studies.ConclusionsPatients with SB and SCI have a higher risk of developing UUTD (mainly reported as HDN) compared to those with MS. Reduced compliance and high DLPP were major risk factors for UUTD. Although our findings clarify the mandatory role of urodynamics in the management of NLUTD, standardization and better implementation of assessments in daily practice may further improve outcomes of neuro‐urological patients based on objective measurements, that is, urodynamics.
Comparison of metabolic adaptations between endurance‐ and sprint‐trained athletes after an exhaustive exercise in two different calf muscles using a multi‐slice 31P‐MR spectroscopic sequence
Authors: Moll Kevin , Gussew Alexander , Nisser Maria , Derlien Steffen , Krämer Martin , Reichenbach Jürgen R. 
Published: February 2018

Measurements of exercise‐induced metabolic changes, such as oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide exhalation or lactate concentration, are important indicators for assessing the current performance level of athletes in training science. With exercise‐limiting metabolic processes occurring in loaded muscles, 31P‐MRS represents a particularly powerful modality to identify and analyze corresponding training‐induced alterations. Against this background, the current study aimed to analyze metabolic adaptations after an exhaustive exercise in two calf muscles (m. soleus – SOL – and m. gastrocnemius medialis – GM) of sprinters and endurance athletes by using localized dynamic 31P‐MRS. In addition, the respiratory parameters VO2 and VCO2, as well as blood lactate concentrations, were monitored simultaneously to assess the effects of local metabolic adjustments in the loaded muscles on global physiological parameters. Besides noting obvious differences between the SOL and the GM muscles, we were also able to identify distinct physiological strategies in dealing with the exhaustive exercise by recruiting two athlete groups with opposing metabolic profiles. Endurance athletes tended to use the aerobic pathway in the metabolism of glucose, whereas sprinters produced a significantly higher peak concentration of lactate. These global findings go along with locally measured differences, especially in the main performer GM, with sprinters revealing a higher degree of acidification at the end of exercise (pH 6.29 ± 0.20 vs. 6.57 ± 0.21). Endurance athletes were able to partially recover their PCr stores during the exhaustive exercise and seemed to distribute their metabolic activity more consistently over both investigated muscles. In contrast, sprinters mainly stressed Type II muscle fibers, which corresponds more to their training orientation preferring the glycolytic energy supply pathway. In conclusion, we were able to analyze the relation between specific local metabolic processes in loaded muscles and typical global adaptation parameters, conventionally used to monitor the training status of athletes, in two cohorts with different sports orientations.
Impact of Gastrostomy Feeding Tube Placement on the 1‐Year Trajectory of Care in Patients After Stroke
Authors: Wilmskoetter Janina , Simpson Annie N. , Logan Sarah L. , Simpson Kit N. , Bonilha Heather S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tubes are commonly placed in acute stroke patients with a need for enteral nutrition. However, PEG tubes are associated with medical complications and a decrease in quality of life. We compared the 1‐year care trajectory of stroke patients with and without PEG tube placement to enhance knowledge about the long‐term impact of PEG tube placement.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of commercially insured stroke patients included in the Truven Health MarketScan Research Databases of 2011. We analyzed their index hospital stay and conducted 1‐month, 3‐months, 6‐months, and 1‐year follow‐ups. We compared admissions to inpatient rehabilitation facilities, acute hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, outpatient hospital visits, and home visits for stroke patients with and without PEG tube placement using unadjusted and adjusted modelling.ResultsOf the 8911 included stroke patients, 148 patients (1.7%) had a PEG tube placed during their index hospital stay. After controlling for age, gender, stroke severity, comorbidities, and stroke type, PEG tube placement was an independent predictor for admissions to inpatient rehabilitation facilities and skilled nursing facilities. Furthermore, PEG tube placement was an independent predictor for all‐cause, unplanned hospital readmissions in a multivariable logistic model (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was .84).ConclusionStroke patients who receive a PEG tube can expect a significantly different care trajectory after being discharged from the acute hospital. Our findings can aide in predicting recovery and planning resources and identifying gaps and points for improvement in stroke care for patients with PEG tube placement.
A higher‐order equilibrium finite element method
Authors: Olesen K. , Gervang B. , Reddy J. N. , Gerritsma M. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryIn this paper, a mixed spectral element formulation is presented for planar, linear elasticity. The degrees of freedom for the stress are integrated traction components, ie, surface force components. As a result, the tractions between elements are continuous. The formulation is based on minimization of the complementary energy subject to the constraints that the stress field should satisfy equilibrium of forces and moments. The Lagrange multiplier, which enforces equilibrium of forces, is the displacement field and the Lagrange multiplier, which enforces equilibrium of moments, is the rotation. The formulation satisfies equilibrium of forces pointwise if the body forces are piecewise polynomial. Equilibrium of moments is weakly satisfied. Results of the method are given on orthogonal and curvilinear domains, and an example with a point singularity is given.
Improved eigenfrequencies of mechanical systems by combining complementary models
Authors: Moitinho de Almeida J. P. , Maunder E. A. W. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a novel approach to combine two complementary numerical models of the dynamical behaviour of mechanical systems: primal (compatible) and dual (equilibrated). This combined model provides an improved estimate of the eigenfrequencies of the system by feeding each model with information from the other. Numerical solutions obtained from both the fundamental models and from the proposed approach are presented and studied. This approach will be applicable to any eigenvalue problem associated with a PDE that can be expressed by complementary numerical models.
Simultaneous separation and determination of praeruptorin A, B and C by micellar electrokinetic chromatography using sodium dodecyl sulphate and sodium cholate as mixed micelles
Authors: Chen Meng , Chang Ruimiao , Xu Liying , Huang Yayun , Zhang Hongfen , Chen Anjia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionPraeruptorin A, B and C are major bioactive constituents in Peucedani Radix. They display anti‐inflammatory effect, anti‐hypertension effect, antiplatelet aggregation, potential anti‐cancer activities and so on. They are worthy of investigation as potentially novel and versatile drugs.ObjectiveTo develop a method using micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) for the application in simultaneously separation and determination of praeruptorin A, B and C from Peucedani Radix and its medicinal preparations.MethodsMethod optimisation was carried out by investigating influences of significant factors on the separation. The method was subjected to validation. The determination of praeruptorin A, B and C in Peucedani Radix and its drug formulations was accomplished by the developed method.ResultsThe optimal separation condition was 20 mM borate buffer containing 40 mM sodium cholate (SC), 22 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and 25% (v/v) acetonitrile (pH 10.00); 15 kV of voltage; 25°C of temperature; detection at 224 nm. Under this condition, three analytes were baseline separated within 16 min. A good linearity was obtained with correlation coefficients from 0.9988 to 0.9995. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.50 to 0.80 μg/mL and from 1.50 to 2.50 μg/mL, respectively. The recoveries ranged between 95.3% and 103.4%.ConclusionThe proposed method has been successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of praeruptorin A, B and C in Peucedani Radix and its pharmaceutical preparations. Additionally, it could be a potential alternative to the quality control of Peucedani Radix.
Do FDA label changes work? Assessment of the 2010 class label change for proton pump inhibitors using the Sentinel System's analytic tools
Authors: Sobel Rachel E. , Bate Andrew , Marshall James , Haynes Kevin , Selvam Nandini , Nair Vinit , Daniel Gregory , Brown Jeffrey S. , Reynolds Robert F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPurposeTo pilot use of the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Sentinel System data and analytic tools by a non‐FDA stakeholder through the Innovation in Medical Evidence Development and Surveillance system of the Reagan Udall Foundation. We evaluated the US FDA 2010 proton pump inhibitor (PPI) class label change that warned of increased risk of bone fracture, to use PPIs for the lowest dose and shortest duration, and to manage bone status for those at risk for osteoporosis.MethodsThe cohort consisted of adults aged 18 years or older prescribed PPIs without fracture risk factors. We evaluated incident and prevalent uses of the 8 PPIs noted in the label change. Outcomes evaluated before and after label change were PPI dispensing patterns, incident fractures, and osteoporosis screening or interventions. Consistent with FDA use of descriptive tools, we did not include direct comparisons or statistical testing.ResultsThere were 1 488 869 and 2 224 420 incident PPI users in the before [PRE] and after [POST] periods, respectively. Users with 1 year or more of exposure decreased (8.4% vs 7.5%), as did mean days supplied/user (130.4 to 113.7 d among all users and 830.8 to 645.4 d among users with 1 y or more of exposure). Osteoporosis screening and interventions did not appear to increase, but the proportion of patients with fractures decreased (4.4% vs 3.1%). Prevalent user results were similar.ConclusionsThis analysis demonstrated the ability to use Sentinel tools to assess the effectiveness of a label change and accompanying communication at the population level and suggests an influence on subsequent dispensing behavior.
Disclosing the crystallization behavior and morphology of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) within poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)/poly(l‐lactide) blends
Authors: Han Weiqiang , Liao Xia , He Bin , Yang Qi , Li Guangxian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this work, the effect of poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) components on the crystallization behavior and morphology of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) within PCL/PLLA blends was investigated by polarized optical microscopy, DSC, SEM and AFM. Morphological results reveal that PCL forms banded spherulites in PCL/PLLA blends because the interaction between the two polymer components facilitates twisting of the PCL lamellae. Additionally, the average band spacing of PCL spherulites monotonically decreases with increasing PLLA content. With regard to the crystallization behaviors of PCL, the crystallization ability of PCL is depressed with increase of the PLLA content. However, it is interesting to observe that the growth rate of PCL spherulites is almost independent of the PLLA content while the overall isothermal crystallization rate of PCL within PCL/PLLA blends decreases first and then increases at a given crystallization temperature, indicating that the addition of PLLA components shows a weak effect on the growth rate of the PCL but mainly on the generation of nuclei. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Blocked crystallization in capped ultrathin polymer films studied by molecular simulations
Authors: Qiu Xiaoyan , Zhang Yongqiang , Wu Haitao , Yang Rui , Yang Jun , Liu Rongjuan , Liu Yong , Zhou Zhiping , Hao Tongfan , Nie Yijing 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe crystallization of capped ultrathin polymer films is closely dependent on film thickness and interfacial interaction. Using dynamic Monte Carlo simulations, the crystallization behaviors of polymer films confined between two substrates were investigated. The crystallization rate of confined polymers is reduced with high interfacial interactions. Above a critical strength of interfacial interaction, polymer crystallization in the thin film is inhibited within the simulation time scales. An increase in film thickness leads to a rise in critical interfacial interaction. In thicker films, the chains have more space to change conformation to form crystal stems. In addition, there are fewer absorbed segments in confined chains for the thicker films, and thus the chains have stronger ability to adjust their conformation. Therefore an increase in film thickness can cause a reduction in the entropic barrier required for the formation of crystals and thus an increase in the critical interfacial interaction. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Complications and risk factors in pediatric bronchoscopy in a tertiary pediatric respiratory center
Authors: Carlens Julia , Fuge Jan , Price Timothy , DeLuca David S. , Price Mareike , Hansen Gesine , Schwerk Nicolaus 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBronchoscopy is an established procedure routinely used by pediatric pulmonologists. Despite its frequent application, data on complications and specific risk factors are scarce and sometimes conflicting.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate frequency and severity of clearly defined complications of bronchoscopy in children that occur both during and after the procedure, and to identify potential risk factors.MethodA retrospective single‐center analysis of 670 elective bronchoscopies in 522 children aged 0‐17 years during the time period of 2008‐2012 was performed. Procedures in intensive care unit patients and children after lung transplantation were excluded.ResultsMean patient age was 5.58 years, 61.5% had underlying chronic diseases. Intraprocedural complications occurred in 7.2% of all procedures; of these, hypoxemia was the most common, occuring in 4.8% of cases. Postprocedural adverse events were documented in 25.8%, the most frequent of which were fever in 14.2% and transient oxygen dependency in 13.4% of cases. No bronchoscopy related deaths occurred. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for (1) any complication, or (2) severe complications. Age below two years (OR 1.837 [1.224‐2.757], P = 0.003) and primary ciliary dyskinesia (OR 4.821 [2.018‐11.552], P < 0.001) significantly contributed to risk of any complication. Age below 2 years (OR 2.478 [1.072‐5.728], P = 0.034) and underlying cardiovascular disease (OR 2.678 [1.013‐7.077], P = 0.047) were independent risk factors for severe complications.ConclusionBronchoscopy in children is relatively safe. Nevertheless, adverse events can occur and knowledge of risk factors may help prevent complications.
Genome‐wide and expression‐profiling analyses suggest the main cytochrome P450 genes related to pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector, Anopheles sinensis (Diptera Culicidae)
Authors: Yan Zheng‐Wen , He Zheng‐Bo , Yan Zhen‐Tian , Si Feng‐Ling , Zhou Yong , Chen Bin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnopheles sinensis is one of the major malaria vectors. However, pyrethroid resistance in An. sinensis is threatening malaria control. Cytochrome P450‐mediated detoxification is an important pyrethroid resistance mechanism that has been unexplored in An. sinensis. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the An. sinensis P450 gene superfamily with special attention to their role in pyrethroid resistance using bioinformatics and molecular approaches.RESULTSOur data revealed the presence of 112 individual P450 genes in An. sinensis, which were classified into four major clans (mitochondrial, CYP2, CYP3 and CYP4), 18 families and 50 subfamilies. Sixty‐seven genes formed nine gene clusters, and genes within the same cluster and the same gene family had a similar gene structure. Phylogenetic analysis showed that most of An. sinensis P450s (82/112) had very close 1: 1 orthology with Anopheles gambiae P450s. Five genes (AsCYP6Z2, AsCYP6P3v1, AsCYP6P3v2, AsCYP9J5 and AsCYP306A1) were significantly upregulated in three pyrethroid‐resistant populations in both RNA‐seq and RT‐qPCR analyses, suggesting that they could be the most important P450 genes involved in pyrethroid resistance in An. sinensis.CONCLUSIONOur study provides insight on the diversity of An. sinensis P450 superfamily and basis for further elucidating pyrethroid resistance mechanism in this mosquito species. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.