bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L-3-n-butylphthalide protect the neuro by reducing inflammation and brain edema in rat intracerebral hemorrhage model
Authors: Zeng Zhou , Gong Xiyu , Hu Zhiping 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background：Previous studies have shown that L-3-n-butylphthalide(NBP), which is a compound found in Apium graveolens Linn seed extracts, could have neuroprotective effects on acute ischemic stroke through anti-inflammation and by reducing brain edema. The pathological inflammatory pathways and consequent brain edema in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) share some characteristics with ischemic stroke. Methods：We hypothesized that NBP has anti-inflammatory and therapeutic effects on rats with ICH. ICH was induced by an infusion of bacterial collagenase type IV into the unilateral striatum of anesthetized rats. The therapeutic effect of NBP was measured by assessing neurological function, brain water content, blood-brain barrier permeability, and expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) around the hematoma 48 hours after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed 4 and 48 hours after ICH induction, and ICH-induced injured area volumes were measured using T2-weighted images. Results： The NBP treatment group performed better in the neurological function test than the vehicle group. Moreover, in comparison with the vehicle group, NBP group showed a lower expanded hematoma volume, brain water content, blood-brain barrier permeability, and TNF-α/ MMP-9 expression level. Conclusions：Our results suggested that NBP have a neuroprotective effect by reducing inflammation and brain edema in rat ICH model. Therefore, our findings also show the potential for clinical application of NBP in the treatment of ICH.
Where have all the susceptible gonococci gone? A historical review of changes in MIC distribution over the past 75 years
Authors: Kenyon Chris , Laumen Jolein , Bossche Dorien Van Den , Dijck Christophe Van 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background Does the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae include an elimination of highly susceptible strains or does it merely involve a stretching of the MIC distribution? If it was the former this would be important to know as it would increase the probability that the loss of susceptibility is irreversible.Methods We conducted a historical analysis based on a literature review of changes of N. gonorrhoeae MIC distribution over the past 75 years for 3 antimicrobials (benzylpenicillin, ceftriaxone and azithromycin) in five countries (Denmark, Japan, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States).Results Changes in MIC distribution were most marked for benzylpenicillin and showed evidence of a right shifting of MIC distribution that occurred in up to 3 stages and was associated with a reduction/elimination of susceptible strains in all countries. In the case of ceftriaxone and azithromycin, right shifting was also found in all countries but the extent of right shifting varied and the evidence for the elimination of susceptible strains was more mixed.Conclusions Further research is required to assess why some populations have undergone a stage 3 as opposed to a stage 1 or 2 transition, with the greater loss of susceptible isolates that this involves. If differential antimicrobial consumption was found to be responsible, then this would provide additional impetus to promote antimicrobial stewardship.
Antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumonia serotypes in Kisii, Kenya
Authors: Orucho Vincent Obino , Ochoi Cyrus Orucho , Nyangau Maureen Kerubo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background : Pneumonia remains the leading cause of death in children under five worldwide, accounting for about 1.6 million deaths a year. Streptococcus pneumonia , has proved to be the most competent bacterial pathogen causing pneumonia infections among the infants and the elderly, leading to great morbidity and mortality. Currently there are over 94 different serotypes of Streptococcus pneumonia , and quite a number have emerged as drug-resistant strains which introduce a twist to the current treatment strategies. Detailed information of current antibiotic susceptibilities, resistance and serotype distribution will be important in designing new strategies for treatment and management of pneumococcal infections. Methods: A total of 309 S. pneumoniae isolates were collected from patients attending the Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital between 2017 and 2018. Nasopharyngeal samples collected and serotyped using PCR. The samples were cultured and their sensitivity to drugs tested using various concentrations of; Oxacilin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Ofloxacin, Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and Chloramphenicol. Results: Out of the 309 samples collected, 235 were positive for S. pneumonia, although 10 of the samples had incomplete data. A total of 41 S. pneumonia serotypes isolated from the 309 samples with the most prevalent serotypes being; Non-typable (11%), 15B (7.6%), 19F (7.0%), 19A (6.7%), 23B (5.8%), 23F (5.3%), 6A (4.4%). All the serotypes were highly resistant to Oxacilin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, while showing high sensitivity to Erythromycin, Ofloxacin and chloramphenicol. The rate of sensitivity to Tetracycline was 75% with the other 25% showing intermediate sensitivity. Conclusions: The data collected showed a high rate of S. pneumonia (76%) consisting of various serotypes for various ages. The various serotypes isolated showed a marked resistance routinely used antibiotics for patient samples of various ages. The isolated serotypes also consisted of serotypes 19A, 6A, and 5B that are lacking in the pneumococcal vaccine (PCV 10). This data will provide relevant information for a better approach to both clinical treatment, management and prevention of infections with S. pneumonia. Keywords: Streptococcus pneumonia, Antibiotic resistance, serotypes, Drug sensitivity
The 5S rDNA and their chromosomal loci in autotriploid Carassius auratus
Authors: Cao Liu , Zhao Chun , Qin Qinbo , Gu Qianhong , Zhou Yuwei , Wang Chongqing , Wang Yude , Qin Huan , Tao Min , Zhang Chun , Zhao Rurong , Liu ShaoJun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background Polyploidization can induces a flurry of genetic events and plays an important role in speciation. In this study, we comparatively analyzed the molecular organization and chromosomal locus of 5S rDNA in natural autotriploid (3nCC, 3n=150) and artificial autotriploid gynogenetic (3nG, 3n=150) Carassius auratus as well as the related diploid ancestors, diploid Carassius auratus (2nCC, 2n=100) and Carassius auratus red var. (RCC, 2n=100), which provide a excellent model to ascertain the genomic changes in autotriploidization process.
Results The similarities of the 5S rDNA coding region (class I, class II and class III) between RCC and 3nG were 98.3%, 100% and 99.1%, respectively, and the similarities of the 5S rDNA coding region (class IV, class V and class VI) between 2nCC and 3nCC were 97.5%, 100% and 100%, respectively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 5S rDNA as probe indicated that the expected numbers of maternal chromosomal loci were found in 3nG and 3nCC, respectively.
Conclusions These observations indicate that autotriploidization has little influence on the divergence of 5S rDNA family in Carassius auratus.
Association of rs780094 polymorphism of glucokinase regulatory protein with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Mohammadi Saba , Farajnia Safar , Mohseni Fatemeh , Baghban Roghayyeh , Shadmand Masoud 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective GCK rs780094 polymorphism is a single nucleotide polymorphism that has been associated with obesity, type II diabetes and dyslipidemia in some populations, conditions that highly related to NAFL etiology. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between NAFLD and rs780094 polymorphism in patients with NAFLD in Tabriz city, northwest of Iran. The rs780094 polymorphism was determined in 74 patients with NAFLD by PCR-RFLP technique. Demographic information was collected using a questionnaire and biochemical analysis was performed using standard laboratory methods.Results There were a significant difference between case and control subjects for alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, HDL-C and triglycerides ( P <0.05). Analysis by PCR-RFLP method revealed that there were no significant differences between NAFLD and healthy subjects for rs780094 polymorphism in the study population. The results of this study indicated that rs780094 polymorphism is not associated with NAFLD in subjects from Tabriz city.
The association between denture satisfaction and OHRQoL - a follow-up study
Authors: Teng Chia-Jen , Lin Sheng-Che , Chen Jen-Hao , Chen Yi , Kuo Hsiao-Ching , Ho Pei-Shan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Backgroud: The objectives were to evaluate the association between edentate patients’ self-ratings satisfaction and OHRQoL and to identify the determinants of denture satisfaction that best predict OHRQoL. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in subjects aged 65 years and over. All subjects completed questionnaires before and approximately 6 months after receiving complete denture. Information obtained by questionnaire included demographic characteristics, patients’ satisfaction and OHRQoL. The six satisfaction dimensions were classified as five cluster groups by an analysis of PCA and CA. Multiple linear regression was adapted to estimate the association between satisfaction and the responsiveness of OHIP7T. Results: The satisfaction cluster group is an important factor of OHRQoL after adjusting for other confounders. When compared to the cluster “HDS”, the greatest improvement of OHRQoL after treatment was found in the group “HS” (β=7.31(6.26-8.36), followed by group “QS” (β=4.71(3.54-5.87)), group “AS”(β=4.33(2.92-5.74)) and group “SDG” (β=3.25(2.10-4.41)). A statistically significant trend was detected in patient-rating satisfaction and OHRQoL. Conclusion: Psychological value is the greatest impacting dimension on OHRQoL among denture wearers in Taiwan elderly.
The geography of evolutionary divergence in the highly endemic avifauna from the Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico
Authors: Rocha-Méndez Alberto , SÁNCHEZ-GONZÁLEZ LUIS A. , GONZÁLEZ CLEMENTINA , NAVARRO-SIGÜENZA ADOLFO G. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background Mesoamerica is a remarkable region with a high geological and ecological complexity. Within northern Mesoamerica, the biotic province of the Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS) in western Mexico harbors exceptionally high avian endemism and diversity. Herein, we searched for spatially and temporally concordant phylogeographic patterns, in four bird genera from three distinct avian orders co-distributed across Mesoamerica and investigated their causes through hypothesis testing regarding historical processes. Selected species include endemic and differentiated populations across the montane forests of Mesoamerica, and particularly within the SMS. Results We gathered mitochondrial DNA sequences for at least one locus from 177 individuals across all species. We assessed genetic structure, demographic history, and defined a framework for the coalescent simulations used in biogeographic hypothesis testing temporal and spatial co-variance. Our analyses suggested shared phylogeographic breaks in areas corresponding to the SMS populations, and between the main montane systems in Mesoamerica, where the Central Valley of Oaxaca and the Nicaragua Depression being the most frequently shared breaks among analyzed taxa. Nevertheless, dating analyses and divergence patterns observed were consistent with the hypothesis of broad vicariance across Mesoamerica derived from mechanisms operating at distinct times across taxa in the SMS. Conclusions Our study provides a framework for understanding the evolutionary origins and historical factors enhancing speciation in well-defined regions within Mesoamerica, indicating that the evolutionary history of extant biota inhabiting montane forests is complex and often idiosyncratic.
Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and Mean Platelet Volume in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with first-line docetaxel
Authors: Başeskioğlu Barbaros , Duman Berna Bozkurt , Yıldız Bülent , Çil Timuçin , Dinçer Murat , Bayram Ertuğrul 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background:Patients who have evidence of disease progression (eg, increase in serum prostate-specific antigen [PSA], new metastases, progression of existing metastases) while being managed with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are considered to have castration-resistant disease. Docetaxel (75 mg/m2) given every three weeks in combination with daily prednisone (5 mg twice a day) significantly prolonged overall survival compared with mitoxantrone plus prednisone in the TAX 327 phase III trial [3]. Based upon those results, docetaxel plus prednisone has become the standard initial regimen when chemotherapy is indicated for CRPC Methods: Inflammation-based markers, such as the Neutrophile/Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), are widely available and inexpensive measurements that are easy to integrate into pretreatment evaluation. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a marker of activated platelets is associated some types of cancer including ovarian, gastric cancer. We retrospectively evaluated the predictive impact of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and MPV as a marker for in men with progressive metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) following docetaxel.Results: A significant correlation was not observed between NLR and PSA response. A significant correlation was not also observed between MPV and PSA response.There no correlation was found between MPV and NLR with total PSA level and response (p:0.355, p:0.673 respectively)Conclusion: . In our study; We didn’t show any correlation between MWP level, NLR ratio and response to Docetaxel therapy A significant correlation was not also observed between NLR , MPV and PSA response.
A comparative study of mothers of infants hospitalized in an open ward neonatal intensive care unit and a combined pod and single-family room design
Authors: Feeley Nancy , Robins Stephanie , Genest Christine , Stremler Robyn , Zelkowitz Phyllis , Charbonneau Lyne 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: The well-being of mothers of infants requiring Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) hospitalization may be affected by the architectural design of the unit. A few recent studies suggest there may be some drawbacks of single-family rooms (SFRs) for infants and their mothers, such as isolation of mothers and reduced exposure to auditory stimulation for infants.
Purpose: To compare NICU-stress, symptoms of depression, perceptions of nurse-parent support and family-centered care, sleep disturbances, breastfeeding self-efficacy and readiness for discharge in mothers of infants cared for in an open ward (OW) to those cared for in a unit that includes both pods and SFRs.
Methods: A pre-post quasi-experimental study was conducted in a Canadian level 3 unit before and after transitioning to a new unit of 6-bed pods and SFRs. OW data were collected in 2014 and pod/SFR data one year after the transition in 2017 to 2018. Mothers of infants hospitalized for at least 2 weeks completed questionnaires about stress, depressive symptoms, support, family-centered care, and sleep disturbances. In the week prior to discharge, they responded to breastfeeding self-efficacy and readiness for discharge questionnaires. They described their presence in the NICU at enrolment and again prior to discharge.
Results: Pod/SFR mothers reported significantly less NICU-stress compared to OW mothers. OW mothers had greater sights and sounds stress and felt more restricted in their parental role. Pod/SFR mothers reported greater respect from staff. Controlling for maternal education, pod/SFR mothers perceived their infant’s readiness for discharge to be greater than OW mothers. There were no significant differences between groups in depressive symptoms, nurse-parent support, sleep disturbances, and breastfeeding self-efficacy.
At enrolment and again in the weeks preceding discharge, pod/SFR mothers were present significantly more hours per week than OW mothers, controlling for maternal education.
Conclusions: Further study of small pods is indicated as these units may be less stressful for parents, and enhance family-centered care, as well as maternal presence, compared to OWs.
A Correlative Study of Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Platelets within 24 hours of Birth in Preterm Infants
Authors: Ren Yi , Gao Xiangyu , Wang Huiying , Yang Bo , Jin Bao , Lei Honglin , Zhao Dandan , Huang Di 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective To investigate the correlation between the hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) of preterm infants and the platelet count (PLT), plateletocrit within 24 h of birth.Methods The clinical data of 1270 preterm infants were retrospectively studied. The patients were divided into the non-PDA group, no hsPDA group, and hsPDA group.Results The smaller gestational age and the lower birth weight, PLT, plateletocrit were associated with the greater likelihood of PDA ( P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the predictive values of PLT and plateletocrit were 0.703 and 0.748, respectively, with the best critical values of 241.5 × 10 9 /L and 0.245%. For the preterm infants with PLT < 241.5 × 10 9 /L, < 150 × 10 9 /L and < 100 × 10 9 /L as well as plateletocrit < 0.245% and 0.09%, the risks of hsPDA were 1.876, 2.169, 6.216, 1.749 and 5.407 times of preterm infants with PLT ≥ 241.5 × 10 9 /L, ≥ 150 × 10 9 /L and ≥ 100 × 10 9 /L as well as plateletocrit ≥ 0.245% and ≥0.09%. The logistic regression analysis showed that plateletocrit was an independent risk factor for preterm infants with hsPDA ( P = 0.000).Conclusions The decrease in plateletocrit of the preterm infants within 24 h of birth was the independent risk factor of hsPDA on the 4th-7th day of birth.
Association between Severe Unaddressed Dental Needs and Developmental Health at School Entry in Canada: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Janus Magdalena , Reid-Westoby Caroline , Lee Catherine , Brownell Marni , Maguire Jonathon L. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background and Objective
Dental problems are the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide, with up to half of all kindergarten children having tooth decay. However, there is a lack of evidence of whether unaddressed dental needs (UDNs) are associated with children’s developmental health, a concept reflecting holistic child development - encompassing physical, emotional, and cognitive development. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between UDNs and developmental health among kindergarten children using the Early Development Instrument (EDI).
Methods
We examined associations between teacher reported UDNs and developmental vulnerability on the EDI. Children were included in the study if they were enrolled in kindergarten in publicly-funded schools in Canada between 2010 and 2015, had been in the classroom for at least one month, and had no more than 25% of missing items on the questionnaire.
Results
Among 576,264 children who met inclusion criteria (95.4% of eligible children), 2,465 (0.4%) were identified as having UDNs by their teachers. Children with UDNs had 4.58 to 8.27 times higher odds of being vulnerable on any of the five developmental domains (physical health and well-being, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive development, communication skills and general knowledge), compared to children without UDNs.
Conclusion
In this study, teacher-reported UDNs were associated with developmental vulnerability in kindergarten children. Teacher reported unmet dental needs in kindergarten children may be a proxy for poor developmental health at school entry, and thus a marker for supporting both children’s oral health and early developmental needs.
Defining the short-term disease recurrence after Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP)
Authors: Papalia Nicholas , Rohla Amanda , Tang Selphee , Nation Jill G. , Nelson Gregg 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Purpose: The goal of cervical cancer screening is to identify dysplastic lesions for subsequent excision in order to prevent invasive disease. There is clinical equipoise, on how to best follow women for disease surveillance after treatment with some Canadian provinces exclusively performing colposcopy and some utilizing HPV testing in addition to cervical cytology. Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) is used to treat pre-invasive HPV-mediated disease and patients are typically followed for 12 months after disease excision. This study aims to quantify the prevalence of high-grade disease at the time of the second follow-up colposcopy visit, in a practice setting that utilizes laser ablation in addition to LEEP. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, consecutive patient charts were accessed through the electronic medical record system, ARIA, at the Tom Baker Cancer Centre, in Calgary, Alberta, from January 2010 to December 2015. Data was extracted and a REDCap database was used to compile pertinent information from charts meeting inclusion criteria. Descriptive and analytic statistics were performed. Results: Of the 303 patients identified, 221 patients met inclusion criteria. 86% of these patients met discharge criteria from colposcopy after the second follow up visit. Of the 31 (14%) who were seen in a subsequent visit, 7 (3.2%) underwent further treatment for high-grade disease (CIN 2/3). The remaining 23 (10.6%) had a third – negative – visit, resulting in discharge from colposcopy. Conclusion: In summary, our data demonstrates a prevalence of 3.2% of high-grade disease at the time of a second colposcopic follow up visit after treatment, in a setting which frequently utilizes laser ablation in combination with LEEP, for large lesions. This recurrence rate is consistent with most published literature on recurrence rates of CIN2/3.
Osteoporosis Screening as a Model for Effective Preventive Healthcare in Concierge Medicine
Authors: Wheeless Caleb , Yates Scott W , Schrader M Keith 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background : Annually, 2 million osteoporosis-related fractures result in 400,000 deaths and cost $12-17 billion in the United States. We examined the rate of bone density screening in our concierge medicine practice and compared this with previously published data for other patient populations. Methods : Using our electronic medical record system, we conducted a retrospective review of all patients followed in our group practice to determine the proportion of eligible patients who have been screened for osteoporosis. We present these results along with data for comparator populations. Results : In our population of 112 women age 50 or greater, 106 (94.6%) had been screened and of 63 women age 65 or greater, 61 (96.8%) had been screened. Our screening rate in Medicare age women (96.8%) compares favorably with previously published screening rates for Medicare HMO, Medicare PPO and MDVIP patients (74.2, 78.5 and 90.3% respectively). Conclusions : These data support our notion that limiting patient population size and effectively using a comprehensive electronic medical record in a systematic approach to prevention results in higher rates of osteoporosis screening.