bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La aporofobia como desafío antropológico. De la lógica de la cooperación a la lógica del reconocimiento
Authors: Ortega Esquembre César 
Published: May 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es poner en relación el núcleo crítico de la última obra de Adela Cortina, Aporofobia, que puede ser resumido como una protesta contra los límites del paradigma de la cooperación y la reciprocidad, con algunos elementos aparecidos en obras anteriores de la autora. Para ello expondré primero algunos límites y virtualidades del paradigma de la reciprocidad. Tras bosquejar el núcleo de la obra Aporofobia, deteniéndome en los lugares en que este problema se hace más patente, terminaré rastreando algunos lugares anteriores en los que la autora anticipaba ya, desde una óptica diferente, esta misma crítica.
SANMARTÍN ESPLUGUES, J. & GUTIÉRREZ LOMBARDO, R. (Editores) (2017): Técnica y ser humano. México: Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano.
Authors: Esteve Martín Alfredo 
Published: May 2019

Reseña del libro: SANMARTÍN ESPLUGUES, J. y GUTIÉRREZ LOMBARDO, R. (Editores) (2017). Técnica y ser humano. México: Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano.
Cortical modulation of pupillary function: systematic review
Authors: Peinkhofer Costanza , Knudsen Gitte M. , Moretti Rita , Kondziella Daniel 
Published: May 2019

Background
The pupillary light reflex is the main mechanism that regulates the pupillary diameter; it is controlled by the autonomic system and mediated by subcortical pathways. In addition, cognitive and emotional processes influence pupillary function due to input from cortical innervation, but the exact circuits remain poorly understood. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the mechanisms behind pupillary changes associated with cognitive efforts and processing of emotions and to investigate the cerebral areas involved in cortical modulation of the pupillary light reflex.

Methodology
We searched multiple databases until November 2018 for studies on cortical modulation of pupillary function in humans and non-human primates. Of 8,809 papers screened, 258 studies were included.

Results
Most investigators focused on pupillary dilatation and/or constriction as an index of cognitive and emotional processing, evaluating how changes in pupillary diameter reflect levels of attention and arousal. Only few tried to correlate specific cerebral areas to pupillary changes, using either cortical activation models (employing micro-stimulation of cortical structures in non-human primates) or cortical lesion models (e.g., investigating patients with stroke and damage to salient cortical and/or subcortical areas). Results suggest the involvement of several cortical regions, including the insular cortex (Brodmann areas 13 and 16), the frontal eye field (Brodmann area 8) and the prefrontal cortex (Brodmann areas 11 and 25), and of subcortical structures such as the locus coeruleus and the superior colliculus.

Conclusions
Pupillary dilatation occurs with many kinds of mental or emotional processes, following sympathetic activation or parasympathetic inhibition. Conversely, pupillary constriction may occur with anticipation of a bright stimulus (even in its absence) and relies on a parasympathetic activation. All these reactions are controlled by subcortical and cortical structures that are directly or indirectly connected to the brainstem pupillary innervation system.
Effect of Transplanting Method and Gypsum Rate on Yield and Yield Contributing Characters of Boro Rice in Saline Zone of Bangladesh
Authors: Ali M. I. , Rahman M. H. , Islam M. M. , Islam M. A. 
Published: May 2019

Salinity intrusion causes problems in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Climate change creates hazards like cyclone, sea level rise, and storm surge have been increasing the salinity problem in many folds. The coastal region covers about 20% of the country; from where cultivable land more than 30%. Agricultural land uses in these areas are very poor, because of high content of salinity in Rabi season. Already, 830,000 million hectares of land already identified as affected by soil salinity. A field experiment was carried out at saline prone area at Binerpota, Satkhira under natural salinity condition during Rabi season 2017-2018. The experiment was carried out with rice variety Binadhan-10.This variety was evaluated under four transplanting methods i.e., M0: Control (No Slope/flat land), M1: Ridge and furrow (each furrow 30 cm wide accommodating 3 lines transplanting), M2: Ridge and furrow (each furrow 60 cm wide accommodating 5 lines transplanting) and four levels of gypsum with control G0: control, G1: 75 kg ha-1, G2: 150 kg ha-1 as basal and G3: 150 kg ha-1(75 kg ha-1 as basal +75 kg ha-1 42 DAT). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The unit plot size was 3 m x 4 m. The recommended fertilizer doses applied for the experiment were 80 kg N ha-1, 15 kg P ha-1, 50 kg K ha-1. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and zinc were supplied from urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum and zinc sulphate monohydrate respectively while urea was applied in three equal splits. Application of gypsum had significant effect on plant height, number of effective tiller m-2, length of panicle, total number of spikelets panicle-1, thousand grain weight, number of filled spikelets panicle-1, grain yield straw yield. It seems that the crop responded to the application of gypsum. Overall results suggest that an application of gypsum The highest grain yield (7.7 t ha-1) was produced in ridge and furrow method where gypsum rate was 150 kg ha-1 (75 kg ha-1 as basal + 75kg ha-1 at weeks after transplanting followed by (7.4 t ha-1) basal application of 150 kg ha-1 gypsum along with N, P, K, Zn and Boron might be necessary to ensure satisfactory yield of rice in saline prone area under natural salinity condition.
Mechanism and Applications of Electrical Stimulation Disturbance on Motoneuron Excitability Studied Using Flexible Intramuscular Electrode
Authors: Wang Jiahui , Wang Hao , Lee Chengkuo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWearable and implantable devices are irreplaceable components in the modern healthcare system. Electrical stimulation on the nervous and neuromuscular system, as a way of therapeutic interventions, has been widely applied to people with neurological disorders and neuromuscular disabilities. The conventional way to study electrical stimulation on the skeletal muscle employs single‐channel wire electrodes, which have limited capability to explore the complicated motoneuron distribution in muscle tissue. Here, a microfabricated flexible multiple‐channel intramuscular electrode is presented, which enables the study of electrical stimulation using electrode sites of different spatial arrangements with respect to the motoneuron distribution. Observations are reported on slow disturbance on motoneuron excitability induced by large‐distance electrodes targeting at the end motor nerves, as well as fast disturbance induced by small‐distance electrodes targeting at the main motor nerve trunk. The phenomena of slow and fast disturbance have different potential applications in the field of neuromodulation. In the case of slow disturbance, force output is predictable and shows gradual change, which is suitable for accurately controlled functional electrical stimulation (FES). For fast disturbance, the disappearance of force output opens the possibility for muscle conduction block applications, which can be used for treatment of muscle sparsity by blocking the involuntary motor intentions.
Impact of a Mentorship Program on Medical Student Burnout
Authors: Jordan Jaime , Watcha Daena , Cassella Courtney , Kaji Amy H. , Trivedi Shefali 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundBurnout can have negative consequences for providers’ health and patient care. Mentorship has positive effects including stress mitigation. We sought to evaluate the impact of a mentorship program on burnout in fourth‐year medical students during their 4‐week emergency medicine subinternship.MethodsThis was a prospective, quasi‐experimental, mixed‐methods study at two institutions. We assessed burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, comprising three subscales: Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and Personal Accomplishment (PA). We compared changes in burnout scores before and after implementation of a resident–student mentorship program. We compared categorical variables using risk ratios and continuous variables using Wilcoxon rank‐sum test. To account for potential confounders, we performed multivariable analysis. Students and mentors completed an evaluative survey. We reported descriptive statistics and performed thematic qualitative analysis on free‐response data.ResultsA total of 135 students (intervention = 51; control = 84) and 59 mentors participated. Intervention students demonstrated decreased EE and DP and increased PA scores, medians of –2 (–4 to 4), –1 (–3 to 2), and 1 (–1 to 4), respectively, compared to controls, median difference of 0 for all subscales. After adjusting for potential confounders, there was no significant difference in EE (mean difference = –0.2 [–0.5 to 0.2], p = 0.4) or DP scores (mean difference = –0.2 [–1.8 to 1.5], p = 0.9). There was a significant difference in PA scores (mean difference = 2.2 [0.1 to 4.3], p = 0.04). Most students felt the program positively impacted their rotation (39/48) and decreased stress (28/48). Students felt that the program provided career guidance and positively impacted their personal and professional development. The majority (34/37) of mentors enjoyed participating. Qualitative analysis revealed five major themes: relationship building, different perspective, knowledge sharing, personal fulfillment, and self‐reflection.ConclusionWe found an increased sense of personal accomplishment after implementation of a mentorship program. Both mentors and mentees viewed the program positively and perceived multiple benefits.
Modeling of molecular weight and copolymer composition distributions for ethylene‐propylene solution copolymerization
Authors: Xu Chao‐Zhong , Wang Jia‐Jun , Gu Xue‐Ping , Feng Lian‐Fang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to investigate spatial distributions of molecular weight distribution (MWD) and copolymer composition distribution (CCD) for ethylene‐propylene (EPM) copolymers in a bubble column reactor. The CFD approach incorporated Euler–Euler two‐fluid model, copolymerization kinetics, and copolymer microstructural distribution model together by user‐defined functions for ethylene‐propylene heterogeneous copolymerization process. MWD and CCD distributions were calculated by introducing Flory's distribution and Stockmayer's distribution, respectively. CFD model results were validated with literature data. The multiphase hydrodynamics, interphase mass transfer, spatial–temporal variations of MWD and CCD distributions were analyzed. Both distributions are wider at the inlet of reactor for the inefficient mixing, but narrower at the outlet due to fully developed flow and polymerization. This model is beneficial to the improvement of polymer products and process control in industrial EPM reactor.
Looking for the hidden mutation: Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome caused by constitutional and mosaic 10q23 microdeletions involving PTEN and BMPR1A
Authors: Golas Monika M. , Auber Bernd , Ripperger Tim , Pabst Brigitte , Schmidt Gunnar , Morlot Michel , Diebold Uta , Steinemann Doris , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Morlot Susanne 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is caused by heterozygous germline variants in PTEN. Here, we report two unrelated patients with juvenile polyposis, macrocephaly, intellectual disability, and hyperpigmented skin macules. Both patients were clinically suspected for the Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS), a PHTS subentity. By array‐CGH analysis, we identified an interstitial 10q23.1q23.3 deletion in a buccal mucosa sample of Patient 1 that encompassed PTEN, BMPR1A, and KLLN, among others. In contrast, neither sequencing nor array‐CGH analysis identified a pathogenic variant in PTEN or BMPR1A in a blood sample of Patient 2. However, in a surgical specimen of the thyroid gland high‐level mosaicism for a 10q23.2q23.3 deletion was observed. Additionally, the pathogenic PTEN variant c.956_959delCTTT p.(Thr319LysfsTer24) was detected in his thyroid tissue. The frame shift variant was neither detected in the patient's blood nor in his buccal mucosa sample. Low‐level mosaicism for the microdeletion was identified in a buccal swap sample, and reanalysis of the blood sample suggested marginal‐level mosaicism for deletion. The 10q23.2q23.3 deletion mosaicism was also identified in a subsequently resected colonic polyp. Thus, in both cases, the diagnosis of a 10q23 deletion syndrome, which clinically presented as BRRS, was established. Overall, the study expands the BRRS spectrum and highlights the relevance of considering mosaicism in PHTS. We conclude that in all patients with a clear clinical suspicion of PHTS, in which genetic analyses of DNA from blood and buccal swap samples fail to identify causative genetic variants, genetic analyses of additional tissues are recommended.
Mixed solvent system as binder for the production of silicified microcrystalline cellulose‐based pellets
Authors: Ting Grace Loong , Chan Yen Yee , Chaw Cheng Shu 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTSilicified microcrystalline cellulose pellets with hydroxypropyl methylcellullose (HPMC) as modifier were prepared using a mixed solvent as liquid binder. Pellets were produced using extrusion‐spheronization with a mixed solvent consisting of water and isopropanol as liquid binder. The key spheronization aid was Prosolv® SMCC 90. Low viscosity grade HPMC was incorporated aiming to modify release of indometacin. Physical characteristics including breaking load, apparent density and flow properties, particle size distribution and shape were determined. Drug loaded pellets were also tested for dissolution profiles. By adjusting liquid binder property, at isopropanol to water ratio of 3.5 to 6.5, pellets of desirable size and shape with reasonable yields were obtained. Pellets exhibited good flow property and they were mechanically strong. Pellet with higher HPMC content displayed a faster drug dissolution profile. This was because low viscosity grade HPMC was not enough to create strong gel. Instead hydration of HPMC molecules increased matrix's hydrophilicity and weakened the structure of pellet faster. The release of indometacin was partly based on the erosion of hydrated matrix. The presence of HPMC in the pellets would require a mixed solvent to produce desirable shape. Incorporation of HPMC had modified drug release from the pellets without further coating. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47924.
Tandem IBX‐Promoted Primary Alcohol Oxidation/Opening of Intermediate β,γ‐Diolcarbonate Aldehydes to (E)‐γ‐Hydroxy‐α,β‐enals
Authors: Kumari Anupama , Gholap Sachin P. , Fernandes Rodney A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA tandem IBX‐promoted oxidation of primary alcohol to aldehyde and opening of intermediate β,γ‐diolcarbonate aldehyde to (E)‐γ‐hydroxy‐α,β‐enal has been developed. Remarkably, the carbonate opening delivered exclusively (E)‐olefin and no over‐oxidation of γ‐hydroxy was observed. The method developed has been extended to complete the stereoselective total synthesis of both (S)‐ and (R)‐coriolides and d‐xylo‐ and d‐arabino‐C‐20 guggultetrols.
Assembly of Functionalized 4‐Alkynylisoxazoles by Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Cascade Cyclization/Alkynylation
Authors: Li Jianxiao , Huang Ruikang , Li Can , Lin Shao , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA novel N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐palladium‐catalyzed three‐component cascade cyclization/alkynylation for the synthesis of structurally diverse 4‐alkynylisoxazoles was efficiently developed in ionic liquids. The operational simplicity, without additives, no additional ligands, and 0.5 mol % catalyst loading under air are some of the attractive features of this present protocol.
Characterization of intact glycopeptides reveals the impact of culture media on site‐specific glycosylation of EPO‐Fc fusion protein generated by CHO‐GS cells
Authors: Wang Qiong , Yang Ganglong , Wang Tiexin , Yang Weiming , Betenbaugh Michael J. , Zhang Hui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWith the increasing demand to provide more detailed quality attributes, more sophisticated glycan analysis tools are highly desirable for biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Here, we performed an intact glycopeptide analysis method to simultaneously analyze the site‐specific N‐ and O‐glycan profiles of the recombinant erythropoietin Fc (EPO‐Fc) protein secreted from a Chinese hamster ovary glutamine synthetase stable cell line and compared the effects of two commercial culture media, EX‐CELL (EX) and immediate advantage (IA) media, on the glycosylation profile of the target protein. EPO‐Fc, containing the Fc region of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) fused to EPO, was harvested at Day 5 and 8 of a batch cell culture process followed by purification and N‐ and O‐glycopeptide profiling. A mixed anion exchange chromatographic column was implemented to capture and enrich N‐linked glycopeptides. Using intact glycopeptide characterization, the EPO‐Fc was observed to maintain their individual EPO and Fc N‐glycan characteristics in which the EPO region presented bi‐, tri‐, and tetra‐branched N‐glycan structures, while the Fc N‐glycan displayed mostly biantennary glycans. EPO‐Fc protein generated in EX medium produced more complex tetra‐antennary N‐glycans at each of the three EPO N‐sites while IA medium resulted in a greater fraction of bi‐ and tri‐antennary N‐glycans at these same sites. Interestingly, the sialylation content decreased from sites 1–4 in both media while the fucosylation progressively increased with a maximum at the final IgG Fc site. Moreover, we observed that low amounts of Neu5Gc were detected and the content increased at the later sampling time in both EX and IA media. For O‐glycopeptides, both media produced predominantly three structures, N1F1F0SOG0, N1H1F0S1G0, and N1H1F0S2G0, with lesser amounts of other structures. This intact glycopeptide method can decipher site‐specific glycosylation profile and provide a more detailed characterization of N‐ and O‐glycans present for enhanced understanding of the key product quality attributes such as media on recombinant proteins of biotechnology interest.
Rational surface engineering of an arginine deiminase (an antitumor enzyme) for increased PEGylation efficiency
Authors: Cheng Feng , Yang Jianhua , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Zhu Leilei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractArginine deiminase (ADI) is a therapeutic protein for cancer therapy of arginine‐auxotrophic tumors. However, its application as anticancer drug is hampered by its poor stability under physiological conditions in the bloodstream. Commonly, random PEGylation is being used for increasing the stability of ADI and in turn the improved half‐life. However, the traditional random PEGylation usually leads to poor PEGylation efficiency due to the limited number of Lys on the protein surface. To boost the PEGylation efficiency and enhance the stability of ADI further, surface engineering of PpADI (an ADI from Pseudomonas plecoglossicida) to increase the suitable PEGylation sites was carried out. A new in silico approach for increasing the PEGylation sites was developed. The validation of this approach was performed on previously identified PpADI variant M31 to increase potential PEGylation sites. Four Arg residues on the surface of PpADI M31 were selected through three criteria and subsequently substituted to Lys, aiming for providing primary amines for PEGylation. Two out of the four substitutions (R299K and R382K) enhanced the stability of PEGylated PpADI in human serum. The average numbers of PEGylation sites were increased from ~12 (tetrameric PpADI M31, starting point) to ~20 (tetrameric PpADI M36, final variant). Importantly, the PEGylated PpADI M36 after PEGylation exhibited significantly improved Tm values (M31: 40°C; M36: 40°C; polyethylene glycol [PEG]‐M31: 54°C; PEG‐M36: 64°C) and half‐life in human serum (M31: 1.9 days; M36: 2.0 days; PEG‐M31: 3.2 days; PEG‐M36: 4.8 days). These proved that surface engineering is an effective approach to increase the PEGylation efficiency which therefore enhances the stability of therapeutic enzymes. Furthermore, the PEGylated PpADI M36 represents a highly attractive candidate for the treatment of arginine‐auxotrophic tumors.
New insights into developing antibiofouling surfaces for industrial photobioreactors
Authors: Zeriouh Ouassim , Marco‐Rocamora Arturo , Reinoso‐Moreno José Vicente , López‐Rosales Lorenzo , García‐Camacho Francisco , Molina‐Grima Emilio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe biofouling formation of the marine microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana on nontoxic surfaces was quantified on rigid materials, both coated (with fouling release coatings and nanoparticle coatings) and noncoated, to cover a wide range of surface properties from strongly hydrophobic to markedly hydrophilic under conditions similar to those prevailing in outdoor massive cultures of marine microalgae. The effect of seawater on surfaces that presented the best antibiofouling properties was also evaluated. The adhesion intensity on the different surfaces was compared with the predictions of the biocompatibility theories developed by Baier and Vogler using water adhesion tension (τ0) as the quantitative parameter of surface wettability. For the most hydrophobic surfaces, τ0 ≤ 0, the microalgae adhesion density increased linearly with τ0, following the Baier's theory trend. However, for the rest of the surfaces, τ0 ≥ 0, a tendency toward minimum adhesion was observed for amphiphilic surfaces with a τ0 = 36 mJ/m2, a value close to that which minimizes cell adhesion according to Vogler's theory. The understanding and combination of the two biocompatibility theories could help to design universal antibiofouling surfaces that minimize the van der Waals forces and prevent foulant adsorption by using a thin layer of hydration.