bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The All but Forgotten Mascagni–Sappey Pathway: Learning from Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction
Authors: Johnson Anna Rose , Bravo Miguel G. , James Ted A. , Suami Hiroo , Lee Bernard T. , Singhal Dhruv 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background Upper extremity lymphedema occurs in 25 to 40% of patients after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR) or the lymphatic micro- surgical preventative healing approach has demonstrated a significant decrease in postoperative rates of lymphedema (LE) from 4 to 12%. Our objective was to map the Mascagni -Sappey pathway, the lateral upper arm draining lymphatics, in patients undergoing ILR to better characterize the drainage pattern of this lymphosome to the axilla.
Methods A retrospective review of our institutional lymphatic database was conducted and consecutive breast cancer patients undergoing ILR were identified from November 2017 through June 2018. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and intraoperative records were retrieved and analyzed.
Results Twenty-nine consecutive breast cancer patients who underwent ILR after ALND were identified. Patients had a mean age of 54.6years and body mass index (BMI) of 26.6 kg/m2. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was injected at the medial upper arm and isosulfan blue was injected at the cephalic vein, or lateral upper arm, prior to ALND. After ALND, an average 2.5 divided lymphatics were identified, and a mean 1.2 lymphatics were bypassed. In all patients, divided FITC lymphatics were identified. However, in only three patients (10%), divided blue lymphatics were identified after ALND.
Conclusion In this study, variable drainage of the lateral upper arm to the axillary bed was noted. This study is the first to provide a description of intraoperative findings, demonstrating variable drainage patterns of upper extremity lymphatics to the axilla. Moreover, we noted that the lateral- and medial-upper arm lymphosomes have mutually exclusive pathways draining to the axilla. Further study of lymphatic anatomy variability may elucidate the pathophysiology of lymphedema development and influence approaches to immediate lymphatic reconstruction.
Construction in extreme environments: Definition of extremeness and parameter analysis of case projects
Authors: Igarashi Takaharu , Yashiro Tomonari 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
With an aim to gain a better understanding of human habitats and contribute to the enhancement and sustainability of built environments, this paper focuses on the reciprocal of our living environment and first attempts to define the ‘extremeness’ of environments; an ‘extreme environment’ is defined as an environment unsuitable for human habitation. Factors that determine extremeness are examined, and a matrix to categorize and qualitatively evaluate the extremeness of environments is constructed. The discussion then proceeds to the composition of a framework for case studies on construction projects in extreme environments. Three sets of parameters are given as the constituents of the framework: the project’s scope, environmental conditions, and elemental technologies. By applying the framework to case projects, interdependencies between the parameters are identified.
Japan’s fluorinated gases control policy as a measure of climate change mitigation in building sector
Authors: Kawagishi Shunsuke , Magori Bumpei , Kasai Toshihiko 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Japan has been a leading country who has taken on emission reduction measures of fluorocarbon gases. This paper introduces experience and modality of Japan’s fluorocarbon control policy, particularly of the latest revision enforced by Act on Rational Use and Proper Management of Fluorocarbon. The act obliges owners of air conditioning/refrigeration units (here in after “equipment”) deal with fluorinated gases emissions both in usage phase and in decommissioning phase. This paper explains modality of the provisions stipulated in the act focusing on stakeholders of building, with explanation of supplemental efforts made voluntarily. It is explained that supplemental measures are vital in addition to the obligation, for the sake of ensuring the fluorocarbon emissions reduction measures completed. Besides, this paper explains in regard to expected greenhouse gases reduction by refrigerant leakage prevention in usage phase. Under Japan’s fluorinated gases control policy, owners of equipment must conduct inspection of each unit once a designated period to prevent leakage of fluorinated gases, as well as calculating and reporting seepage emissions of fluorinated gases used for refrigerant to government if it is more than a threshold. This obligation makes owners of equipment conscious of leakage emissions of fluorinated gases used for refrigerant, which result in leakage prevention. As effects of leakage prevention of fluorinated gases in building sector in Japan, both the estimated significance of emission reduction in retailing sector and results of the policy implementation in building sector are shown. Japan’s fluorocarbon emission control policy has been characteristic in world. Sharing the experience could contribute to setting up further HFCs emissions reduction measures, especially in Asia region where emissions of fluorinated gases used for refrigerant are expected to increase.
Environmental effects of vegetable garden space the introduction of the city in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Phuong Thao Nguyen Nguyen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Urban Farming, defined as the growing of crops in and around the perimeter of cities, is implemented at terrace, balcony. Besides vegetable and fruit production, urban farming provides many other benefits. For example, prevent storm water runoff. When planning a garden on a terrace and balcony, it will focus in vegetables production, thermal insulation and soil permeability. Therefore, calculation the effect of urban farming on city’s environment.
Refrigeration system using resources of the regional environment in the Oya area
Authors: Mashiko Akiji , Fujiwara Kisa , Yoshizawa Shotaro , Yokoo Noriyoshi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The Oya area of Utsunomiya City in Tochigi Prefecture is now with far less vitality than before owing to the decline of the Oya-stone industry, which used to be the main industry in the area. This decline is caused by a rise in new construction materials and overseas production materials. Despite the lack of vitality, the area is now showing signs of recovery. The local government recently tackled the Oya area revitalization by utilizing the abundant underground water of the Oya-stone quarry, which was once a facility of the Oya-stone industry. The quarry groundwater has an average water temperature lower than that of the ordinal groundwater. Business projects utilizing the quarry groundwater as a heat source for the heat exchange system have recently been promoted by the local government. Therefore, this study aims to explore the possibility of region revitalization by utilizing the regional resources in the Oya area by evaluating the proposed cooling system that makes use of the quarry groundwater as a heat source of the heat exchange system from the viewpoint of cooling performance. A food refrigeration system that uses the quarry groundwater as the heat source is prepared herein for measurement. The food refrigeration business will trigger the creation of work places in the Oya area, where the stone industry has deteriorated. The heat exchange amount of each element in the cooling system is identified from the measured temperature and humidity. The cooling performance is simulated and evaluated for several models that use cold water by utilizing the measured temperature and humidity as well as the identified heat exchange amount. This study demonstrates the concept of a groundwater cooling system that could be a way for region revitalization.
Success Factors for Community Participation in the Pre-Disaster Phase
Authors: Enshassi A , Shakalaih S , Mohamed S 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to characterize the factors involved in successful participation in the pre-disaster phase in Palestinian communities involved with non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Data were obtained using a purposive sampling method of 86 community members in neighborhood committees, and the collected data underwent factor analysis. Correlations between the variables revealed that five components represented the success factors for community participation in pre-disaster management: risk perception, capacity building, education and knowledge, trust and networks, and awareness of disaster management. Capacity building for community committees and volunteers is considered an important success factor for community participation in the pre-disaster phase. Community awareness of risk sustains its preparedness activities. High levels of education and knowledge are crucial for proper functioning of a community, and engender resilience to potential disaster. It is advisable to establish a disaster management fund, which can be utilized to organize disaster management activities related to awareness and training and to support the vulnerable areas. Governments should play a significant role in strengthening capacity building in local communities and support NGOs before disasters occur to reduce disasters and their impact. This study adds to the current body of knowledge about disaster management in developing countries, particularly Palestine.
Study on winter indoor thermal environment of temporary shelters built in Nepal after massive earthquake 2015
Authors: Thapa Rita , Bahadur Rijal Hom , Shukuya Masanori , Imagawa Hikaru 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
After massive earthquake 2015, thousands of Nepalese who lost their permanent houses by the hardest hits were forced to live in makeshift temporary shelters. The people residing in these shelters are facing extreme coldness that causes various health-related problems in winter. The field measurement on indoor thermal environment was conducted in one of the district hit by massive earthquake, Lalitpur. The indoor and outdoor air temperatures of five shelters were measured by a set of thermometers with digital data loggers at the ten minute intervals in winter. The mean indoor and mean outdoor air temperatures during the measured night-time were found to be from 10.3°C and 7.6°C; they were lower than lower limit value of acceptable indoor temperature at 11°C found from our previous research. We analyzed the thermal characteristics of those shelters measured for seeking whether the improvement is possible or not and also how much of it is affordable. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the indoor thermal environment by estimating the heat-transmission characteristics of the used materials in these investigated shelters. The total heat loss coefficient estimated in five shelters per respective floor areas ranged from 11.2 to 15.4 W/(m2·K). These values obtained are very large due to low thermal insulation materials used. The paper ends with important lesson that reduce the total heat loss coefficient needs to reduce down to 2∼7 W/(m2·K) for realising the need to indoor air temperature above at 11°C could be 70% of nighttime hours. Such reduction of heat loss was found to be realized by adding affordable materials, i.e. cellular polyethylene foam and clothes for respective walls and roof.
Improving forecasting accuracy of daily energy consumption of office building using time series analysis based on wavelet transform decomposition
Authors: Fang Chengkuan , Gao Yuan , Ruan Yingjun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In order to improve the operation, detection and diagnosis of district energy systems, it is necessary to develop energy demand prediction models. Several models for energy prediction have been proposed, including machine learning methods and time series analysis methods. Data-driven machine learning methods fail to achieve the expected accuracy due to the lack of measurement data and the uncertainty of weather forecasts, additionally it is not easy to obtain complete and long-term weather data sets of building as input data in China. In this case, a WT-ARIMA prediction model that combines wavelet transform and time series analysis without meteorological parameters can be a better choice. The predicted performance of the commonly used time series model, WT-ARIMA model and LSTM model was tested based on the energy consumption data for one year. The results show that the model proposed in this paper has a 20% accuracy improvement over the ARIMA model and can reduce data requirement with good forecasting accuracy compared with LSTM-h.
Cooling load reduction effect in slim double skin facade (SDSF)
Authors: Kang Kyungmo , Kim Taeyeon , Chol Haneul , An Youngsub , Kim Eunjin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The office building consumes cooling energy in the summer season. Building envelope such as different windows affects the indoor heat gain. Operation of the cavity in double skin façade (DSF) is widely used passive design and can reduce the cooling load. Many cases have applied a building envelope. However, increase the initial investments affect the interruption of the application of the DSF. Hence, this paper investigated the slim double skin façade (SDSF) for cooling load reduction effect of the ventilation cavity. Heat balance analysis was conducted using EnergyPlus to investigate a heat transfer mechanism for SDSF. Finally, based on the analysis, SDSF can significantly reduce the cooling load in the office building in the lower cost than other DSF types.
Application of a heat source system using solar energy with hot water storage
Authors: Kuboki Masatoshi , Tanabe Shin-ichi , Togashi Eisuke 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
To increase the adoption and value of solar heat energy, a heat source system was designed and constructed that consists of a large-capacity water thermal storage tank, water source heat pump unit, and waste heat recovery chiller. This heat source system contributes to energy savings and to maintaining the function of a building when infrastructure is unavailable at the time of a disaster. This system was installed in a high school in Tokyo, Japan, and its effectiveness was verified. Actual results indicated that it operates at high efficiency with an average COP of 6.8 and full utilization of solar heat throughout the year. The actual annual usage of solar heat was about 103% that of the simulation at design time. The annual primary energy consumption was reduced by approximately 45% compared to that of an ordinary high school in Japan.
Research on inefficiency analysis method of building energy utilizing time series data
Authors: Bumpei Magori , Yashiro Tomonari 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Purpose; Our research purpose is to utilize time series data related to building energy and perform an inefficiency analysis of building energy efficiency. Development; We developed a cloud building energy and environment monitoring system (cloud Building Management System (BEMS)) and an optimized control system (an artificial intelligence [AI] control system). Methodology; First, we designed an inefficiency analysis model and the analysis steps. Next, this model was tested in several actual buildings, and the method was confirmed to be adaptable. Finally, through iterative adaptations based on the results, we significantly improved our method. Findings; (1) The developed cloud BEMS and AI control system were confirmed to be useful for a) improvement of building management, b) improvement of equipment and system, and c) renovation. (2) Our analytical method and its steps can quantify inefficiency. (3) When using this methodology, we can quantitatively predict before implementation the effect of a) building improvement, b) equipment and system improvement, and c) renovation. Originality/value; Cloud BEMS collects time series data related to building energy consumption from sensors and building automation systems and accumulates data in a cloud server. The AI control system and analytical method finds energy inefficiencies and improves the operation of the building. Moreover, this improvement in operation is unmanned and carried out automatically. Keywords; Sustainable, Internet of things (IoT), machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI), energy management system (EMS), energy conservation, environment efficiency, optimized control, CO2 reduction. Paper type; Academic paper.
Study on Adaptive Thermal Comfort in Naturally Ventilated Secondary School Buildings in Nepal
Authors: Mishan Shrestha , Hom Bahadur Rijal 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Most of the Nepalese school buildings are naturally ventilated and poor in thermal insulation which causes thermal discomfort during cold and hot seasons. Thermally uncomfortable classroom causes a negative impact on the academic performance of students. So, there should be serious attention to improve and optimize the indoor thermal environment of the classroom. This study investigated the students’ perceptions towards thermal comfort in naturally ventilated higher secondary school buildings during the autumn season of 2017 in a temperate climate (Dhading, Kathmandu and Nuwakot districts) of Nepal. 22 classrooms (33 students in average in each class) of 8 school buildings with a total of 818 students aged 12-18 years, 40% males and 60% females have participated. The thermal measurement and thermal comfort survey were conducted during the regular lesson period in each classroom. Students voted at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the class in 15 minutes’ interval of 45 minutes’ lesson period. More than 76% responses of the students were found in the comfort zone with mean comfort temperature 27°C and the preferred temperature 26°C. The findings of this study may hopefully invoke the awareness for the school building designers, teachers and students to control the classroom environment without the use of air conditioning system.
Possibilities of using light pipes to buildings
Authors: Srisamranrungruang Thanyalak , Hiyama Kyosuke 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Daylighting has become a significant parameter in a building design nowadays to achieve more sustainable. The common method of utilization of daylight is to allow its transmission through windows. With such method, only areas a few meters close to the windows are sufficiently illuminated. This paper aims to show that light pipes can be used to bring daylight for illumination in deep interior spaces. The general problem of high-rise building is lacks daylight in a deep space. Light pipes are an example of light transporting systems with highly reflective interior surfaces that are used to transfer natural daylight from both the sun and the sky from the exterior of a building into its interior spaces. A pipe consists of a light collector at the outer end, a light transport section, and light distributor at the inner end. The light collector may be located at roof level or façade a building or located on the building façade. For a new building, roof-mounted light pipes can be designed to provide daylighting for the top floors. For existing buildings, roof-mounted light pipes where the pipes are to extend through some top floors may have limited application, but façade-mounted pipes may still be feasible to apply. The results presented in this paper show that potential of light pipes to commercial buildings is feasible and economical.
Observational study of the indoor environment and energy use in office buildings in tropical Asia
Authors: Yamauchi Ro , Ichinose Masayuki 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In recent years, the design for office buildings in tropical Asia have been affected by the American principals. In terms of energy conservation in the building sector, it is necessary to reveal the actual conditions in each region and the requirements of the standards, which are based on American building standards. This study thus investigated the indoor and outdoor thermal environments, the thermal sensation of the occupants, and energy consumption in office buildings in tropical Asia. This study simulated two models for a comparative analysis of real conditions and standards of American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers standard 90.1-2010. The simulation analysis showed that the electric power consumption of the actual models in Bangkok and Singapore were large because of the selection of a low temperature setting. Furthermore, in several cases investigated, the internal thermal loads, such as lighting and electrical equipment, were lower than the reference value. From the analysis, this paper presents the differences between reference values used in the Western and American standards, and the actual situation in tropical areas.
How can bioclimatic design foster diversification of low-energy building strategies in the next future? – design for long-term learning process in residential building
Authors: Barghini L , Yashiro T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In recent years, Bioclimatic Design theory recognized users’ adaptive behavior a central aspect to address low-energy and comfort in buildings. Users that once were considered passive receptors of comfort, now are provided with the tools to make themselves comfortable. This paper takes a step forward, recognizing that users can be passive, reactive and creative at the same time. People often adopt complex behavior, construct proper habits or create new ones, considering their own culture and values. In this scenario, Bioclimatic Design should identify new strategies to promote sustainable behavior among final users. In this sense, knowing how inhabitants learn from built environment is the first step in this direction. Designers must adopt people perspective and identify how they relate to the built environment, receive information and act pro-environmentally. Surrounded by architectures that enable learning processes, inhabitants will be able to ethically balance energy sufficiency measures as a trade-off between energy needs reduction, unpredictable events, and individual growth. Conclusions highlight that to continue differentiating energy strategies, architecture and technology should broaden user choices and allow natural development of pro-environmental attitudes based on deep ecological culture and wellbeing.
Effect of energy information provision on occupant’s behavior and energy consumption in public spaces
Authors: Ojima K , Akashi Y , Lim J , Yoshimoto N , Chen J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
‘Nudge’, which is a framework of altering people’s behaviour in a predictable way without large penalty or economic incentives, is applied to energy saving measures of buildings in several papers. However, most of them focus on energy saving in a private space such as home, and little research has been done for energy saving in a public space. In this research, field experiments were conducted with the aim of energy saving in a public space by offering information. Focusing on individual behavior in a public space, we provided information directly to an individual, not to a public. By using power taps and thermal sensors, the individual equipment electricity consumption during absence, which is considered as the amount of energy wasted, is calculated. The subjects were divided into three groups. Through the information provision, some people changed their behavior and reduced energy consumption by approximately 70%. Furthermore, it was founded that those who originally consumed much energy even when absent might tend not to change behavior by receiving information. The results from this experiment will provide fresh insight into information provision such as data visualization for energy saving of a public space and be useful for life management of occupants.