bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
proposing a new clustering algorithm to Reduction of Energy Consumption using Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks.
Authors: Hedayat Tarighi Nejad Sayyed , Alinaghian Reza , Sadeghzadeh Mehdi 
Published: August 2018

The large-scale deployment of wireless sensor networksÂ and the need for data aggregation necessitate efficient organization of the network topology for the purpose of balancing the load and prolonging the network lifetime. Clustering is one of the important methods for prolonging the network lifetime in wireless sensor networks. It involves grouping of sensor nodes into clusters and electing cluster heads for all the clusters. Clustering has proven to be an effective approach for organizing the network into a connected hierarchy.In this paper, using fuzzy system design and system optimization by genetic algorithm and colony of ants is presented approach to select the best cluster head in sensor networks. Using design and simulation a sensor network has been addressed to evaluation the presented fuzzy system in this paper, and finally the amount of energy consumption using proposed fuzzy system in comparison with LEACH method is calculated in select the cluster head. The result of evaluations is representative of a reduction of energy consumption in the proposed method in comparison with LEATCH method for select the cluster head. The reduction of energy consumption directly is effective on lifetime of wireless sensor network and can cause increase the lifetime these networks.
SURFACE FLOW REDUCTION AT APUDDLE AREA BY POROUS RECHARGE
Authors: Duppa M.T Ir Hakim 
Published: August 2018

WaterloggingÂ occursÂ whenÂ rainÂ isÂ rainÂ waterÂ thatÂ gathered Â accumulation Â exceededÂ the rainageÂ capacityÂ ofÂ theÂ riverÂ and it is Â causedndue to the absenceÂ of absorption infiltration into the soil this the study aimed to assess the basic characteristics of the land area of inundation, (material volcanic rocks, and chunk) and infiltration capacity this research method is the study of soil mechanics laboratory experiments using soil samples from 2 nundation areas, areas not graceful and the samples of porous material and chunks of mountain rock (sand, cement, bricks) the result showed that the characteristics of waterlogged soil including silt soils kelempungan category and has a value of permeability 0.0002099 cm/sec, permeability volcanic rocks 0.04505 cm/s, permeability blocks (sand, cement, bricks) 0.02955 cm/sec. This suggests that the volcanic rocks have large permeability values that can be just passed substantial drainage. From the analysis carried out shows the reduction of surface water to echarge the mountain rock so big that can reduce surface runoff and can also recharge ground waterreserves.
A Comprehensive Islamic Management Theory Theory (I)
Authors: Matar Essale Dr. Husein 
Published: August 2018

â€œA good head and a good heart are always a formidable combinationâ€When discussing management, we have to start with a historical perspective that enables us to understand its evolution as:1)Â Â Â Â Â It clarifies our view of the present,2)Â Â Â Â Â It allows us to explain the way things are,3)Â Â Â Â Â It instils a sense of causation, and,4)Â Â Â Â Â It underlines the importance of interpretation in social science.The history of management thought starts from a search for a universal theory that fits all purposes, all societies, all cultures and all fields. Yet we see no single theory is accepted today. Instead we have theories devised and developed at different times with applications to different aspects of the management role.In the East, there are theories that have roots to Ancient Egypt or China; while the participation of Arab and Islamic scholars was very limited, due to the fact that their civilization was targeted by others, especially the Crusaders or the Mongols, who destroyed their Cultures in their cradles (Baghdad or Damascus), when they invaded their homelands and killed their scholars.Consequently, their priorities were mixed up and they became retroactive instead of being proactive; except for three recent endeavours:1)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Dr. Tariq Al-Sweidan in Kuwait,Â 2)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Prof. Abdul Aziz Abu Nabâ€™a, in Palestine, and3)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Dr Abdul Muti M. Assaf in JordanAgain those theorists undermined the Ethical, Belief and Cultural/Behavioral straightness, but in some way tackled the surrounding environments that shape the organizational culture and the leaders as well.None of them could be categorized as to serve andface challenged for all the recent purposes.I presume, that my theory, The Comprehensive Islamic Management Theory (I) will fit. Let us try it.
Link between Micro Credit on SMEs business Growth and Poverty Alleviating in Rural Sindh
Authors: SalehMemon Muhammad , Mahmood Prof. Fayyaz , Bhatti Dr.Nadeem , Ali Shah G.Syed Dr.Anwar , Sethar Dr. Abdullah , Muhammad Shaikh Faiz 
Published: August 2018

The current research investigates the linkage between Micro credit on SMEs business growth and poverty alliviation in rural Sindh. Data will be collected from 300 respondents who used Micro credit by using the simple random sampling technique and data were analysis by using SPSS-21 version. It was revealed that micro credit increases employment and productivity or not is an empirical question which we will explore in this section. Consequently, the best way to reduce poverty is to deal with both problems: increasing productivity by creating employment and developing human capital.Â One way to increase the productivity of the poor is through broad-based economic growth.Â
ANALYZING THE BARRIERS OF PAK-INDIA TRADE ON TEXTILE EXPORTS BY USING CGE MODEL
Authors: SalehMemon Muhammad , Muhammad Shaikh Faiz , Sethar Dr. Abdullah , Mahmood Prof. Fayyaz , Ali Bhatti Dr.Muhammd 
Published: August 2018

This research investigates the analyzingÂ the barriers of Pak-india trade on textile exports by using CGE model.Â Data were collected from 50 exporters by using simple random technique.Â Data were analyzed by using SPSS-21version, A structural questionnaire was developed for the reliability and validity of the data. It was revealed that Exportersâ€™opiniononexportafterdecreasingthestrengthofbarriersExporters have been askedif they are ready toexport moretothe INDIAafter these barrierswillbeless,and70% of theexporterssaidyes, 22% saidmaybe, and8% said no.Thus,exportersarepositiveregardingexporttotheINDIA.Indiaâ€™sexporttotheINDIAcan be increased if these barriers get less or are removed.Â Â It was further revealed that Accordingly,theresultssuggestthatareductionofimporttariffsto10percentwillincreasePakistanâ€™s welfareandterms-of-tradeaswell.Althoughonemightexpectthatthereductionofimporttariffswouldincreasethedomesticoutputandthereforeincreaseexportsales,thispolicy reformwouldadverselyaffectPakistanâ€™s domesticoutputinmostofthesectorsbecauseofforeign competition.Asimilar impactcanbeseeninexportsalestoo
Impact of Micro Credit on a Household level in Shikarpur District: An Econometric Analysis
Authors: SalehMemon Muhammad , Mahmood Prof. Fayyaz , Bhatti Dr.Nadeem , Muhammad Shaikh Faiz , Sethar Dr. Abdullah , Ali Bhatti Dr.Muhammd 
Published: August 2018

The current research investigates the Impact of Micro Credit on a household level An Econometric Analysis.Â Data were collected from 200 respondents from Shikarpur District.Â Â A structural questionnaire was developed for the reliability and validity of the data.Â It was revealed that Micro credit has positive impact on the living standard and diet intake of the in different villages of Shikarpur District. It was further revealed that household hardly meets calories requirements leaving the other basic needs. It is revealed that micro-credit is not enough to reduce the poverty in rural Pakistan. So, it needs further concrete measures to alleviate the poverty. It was further revealed that it was found that social networks played an important part in helping clients escape from poverty. Access to social networks provided clients with a defense against having to sell physical and human assets and so protected household assets. It was further revealed that early marriage has likewise results for the youthful posterity, as immature ladies have higher newborn child death rates.Â It ought to likewise be specified that the more youthful the lady of the hour, the lower the share, which supports early relational unions. Despite what might be expected, virgin young ladies are viewed as money related resource as far as endowment.Â Most of the early marriage girls when they will reach in the age of 40 they have 8 to 10 childrenâ€™s.
APPRAISING OBSTACLES TO FEMALE CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN BANKS: A STUDY OF SITUATION IN	NIGERIAN MONEY DEPOSIT BANKS
Authors: HAPPINESS OZIOMA OBI-ANIKE , OKORO AGU AGU , CHINYERE ADAMMA EZIEFULE 
Published: August 2018

The study sought to determine effect of female career development on performance Money Deposit Banks, identify the obstacles of female career development in money deposit banks. The study had a population size of 3152, out of which a sample size of 354 was realised using taro Yamaneâ€™s formula at 5% error tolerance and 95% level of confidence. Instrument used for data collection was primarily questionnaire and interview. Out of 354 copies of the questionnaire that were distributed, 334 copies were returned while 47 were not returned. TheÂ survey research design was adopted for the study. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson chi-square and simple linear regression statistical tools. The findings indicated that Female career development significantly affects performance of money deposit banks (rÂ = 0.766; t =Â 13.191; F= 52.361; p < 0.05) . Glass ceiling, Gender inequality and cultural factor are the obstacles of female career development in money deposit banks (X2c =136.379, > X2t =31.419; p,< .05).The study concluded that women world-wide can be seen joining the workforce in large numbers. Women managers globally are described as having to deal with blocked mobility, discrimination and stereotypes..The study recommended that The equality theory should be adopted in any money deposit banks, and gender issues should be a thing of the past, but employee input shouldÂ Â Â determine their reward system and promotion. In order increase productivity government should empower women and protect their labour rights and the environment through the policies put in place
Cyber Attack on Saudi Aramco
Authors: Alshathry Sahar 
Published: August 2018

Â Saudi Aramco is the largest oil production company in the entire world. It supplies almost almost 1/10th of the oil in the world. The economy of Saudi Arabia is highly dependent on the production of oil.Aramco got attacked by a virusÂ named Shamoon on 15th August 2012. It was one of the most disrupting cyber-attack that was carried out against the business. Shamoon had spread from the network of the company and it wiped out the hard drives of the computers. The virus infected almost thirty thousand of workstations during the mid of August .The paper will discus the impact of the cyber attack on the oil production on Saudi Aramco. In addition, the analysis and the mechanisms that the attackers used to launch the virus. This research explains how Saudi Aramco recovered form the cyber attack.Â
Relationship Between Investment and Cash Flow Under High and Low Investment Opportunities: Evidence from Pakistani Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Salih Memon Dr Mohammad , Zahid Imtiaz , Shaikh Maria , Bashir Shah Aisha , Khan Akmal , Muhammd Shaikh Dr.Faiz 
Published: August 2018

This paper examines the relationship between cash flow and investment under high and low investment opportunities of 167 Pakistani non-financial manufacturing firms listed in the Karachi Stock Exchange during the period 2004-2013. Tobinâ€™s Q is employed to capture the investment opportunities and sales are taken as control variable. A panel regression model is used to investigate the relationship of cash flow, Tobinâ€™s Q and sales on investment. In case of high investment opportunities firms, the relationship of investment and cash flow is positive and significant while under low investment opportunities firms, this relationship is also positive but insignificant. These results indicate that the high opportunities firms rely mostly on internally generated cash flow whereas the low investment opportunities firms prefer to distribute its earnings as dividend.
Econometric Analysis of Investment and Internal Finance under Asymmetric Information: A Case Study of Manufacturing companies of Pakistan
Authors: Salih Memon Dr Mohammad , KHAN AKMAL , Bashir Shah Aisha , Shaikh Maria , Muhammad Shaikh Dr.Faiz 
Published: August 2018

The current research investigates Econometric Analysis of Investment and Internal Finance under Asymmetric Information: A Case Study of Manufacturing companies of
Pakistan. This study also aims to explore the relationship between internal finance and corporate investment outlays of Pakistani manufacturing firms in the presence of asymmetric information in the capital market. The fixed effect model has been employed on a sample of conveniently selected 272 listed manufacturing firms (with 2720 observations) over the period 2001 to 2010. Two different proxies of asymmetric information (i.e. Firm size & age) are used. Based on each of these two measures the sample is split into two subsamples (i.e. Small & large size and young & old firms respectively). Firms with small size and young firms are facing the asymmetric information while the other two subsamples are not considered so. The results based on all of the two measures indicate that there is a statistically significant and positive relationship between investment and internal finance or the cash flows. The investment of those firms where there is asymmetric information (i.e. small size, and young firms) such firms are more sensitive to the changes in their internal finance.
Time Series Analysis of Performance Efficiency of MCB Bank Limited
Authors: Salih Memon Dr Mohammad , Ahmed Bhatti Dr.Nadeem , Mirza Alveena , Shaikh Dr.Najma , Ali Kartio Dr.Munawwar , Muhammad Shaikh Dr.Faiz 
Published: August 2018

This research investigates the Time Series Analysis of Performance efficiency of MCB Bank Limited. Data were collected from Primary as well as secondary sources from management of commercial banks and from SBP officials comprising middle and top management, a closed ended questionnaire. It was revealed that As stated by the findings, five a considerable length of time Normal proportion about MCB is 81. 20%, which will be higher after that the business Normal. This indicates the execution from claiming MCB will be similarly finer as contrasted with those Normal of UBL, which might have been attempting openly division At as of late privatized. Same time those execution from claiming UBL may be superior At that point ABL which might have been handy in the begin However fair for administration issue Previously, 1999. This demonstrates that UBL need Additionally carried out great its possessions to fill in Be that not finer after that MCB.
Financial impediments in risk management mechanisms of Greek Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: KARAOULANIS ANDREAS 
Published: August 2018

Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in contemporary Greece have difficulties in overcoming their financial risks via the use of their risk management mechanisms. The main reason for this failure is the presence of several financial impediments which prevent such risk management mechanisms to perform efficiently enough. So, the aim of this research is to unveil these financial impediments while the research question is â€œWhat are the financial impediments that interfere with the Greek SMEsâ€™ risk management mechanisms?â€

The method that was used was the survey one by the use of questionnaires which were distributed face to face and by email. The data was analyzed by the use of the Dedoose software following a qualitative approach.
The findings showed that the SMEs that were investigated used only informal and non- sophisticated risk management mechanisms, while the financial impediments that prevented such mechanisms to operate efficiently enough were the general unstable financial and political climate, the capital controls and the SMEsâ€™ limited access to bank financing.
The results of this research can have very important societal implications as they can show to SMEsâ€™ owners the importance of the implementation of the right risk management mechanisms, something which can lead them to sustainable development and to general societal prosperity on the long run.
Keywords Financial impediments, risk management, SMEs, Greece.
Innovative destination promotion strategies: The cornerstone of the developing countriesâ€™ struggle towards growth
Authors: YUSUF KHAN , KARAOULANIS ANDREAS 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this short paper, the authors try to underline the importance of innovation destination promotion strategies for the developing countries of the world. Their importance in peace, prosperity and economic growth is of major importance and can be the foundation upon which developing countries can built their economies and alter in general their economic and social structures in order to overcome their handicapped and become a part of the developed world. This paper aims in create awareness among people not only in the touristic industry but also, academics, politicians, tourists and people who already live in developing countries.
Key words: Tourism, developing countries, promotion, strategies
THE USE OF GROUNDED THEORY TO EVALUATE THE INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF FARMER ENTREPRENEUR AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF GHANA
Authors: Dodor Ann 
Published: August 2018

Widely seen is entrepreneurship being a key to competence which is necessary to build-up a developed economy globally. There is a consistent relationship between economic prosperity and entrepreneurial activities which have been confirmed by numerous studies from different theories perspectives at global level. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effect of farmer entrepreneur and economic development using qualitative research approach where a score of successful entrepreneurs in all transcripts of interviews were analyzed by using the grounded theory. The results revealed that the farmer entrepreneur increased their competence through knowledge, skills and attitude. The "knowledge" results in the entrepreneur being a strategic planner, managing people and use technology. Skills acquired makes him a goal getter and negotiator.
Finally, he will have a positive attitude toward his work and customers and be proactive and tolerant. These attributes assist the entrepreneur to affect and develop the economy of Ghana.
Le classement international des universitÃ©s et la gouvernance universitaire : Mythe ou rÃ©alitÃ© ? Lâ€™exemple du Maroc
Authors: Harrizi Driss 
Published: August 2018

On assiste depuis plusieurs dÃ©cennies Ã lâ€™exercice de classement des universitÃ©s, surtout les universitÃ©s amÃ©ricaines et anglaises. Mais, Ã partir de 2003, date du lancement de lâ€™Academic Ranking of World Universities par lâ€™universitÃ© Jiao Tong de Shanghai en Chine, le monde de lâ€™enseignement supÃ©rieur a concrÃ©tisÃ© les changements dÃ©jÃ opÃ©rÃ©s partout au monde. Dâ€™autres voient en lui les germes dâ€™un nouvel ordre mondial de l'enseignement supÃ©rieur et de la recherche scientifique.ConÃ§u en premier lieu comme moyen dâ€™aide Ã lâ€™orientation des futurs Ã©tudiants, le classement international des universitÃ©s a pris dâ€™autres dimensions, a savoir un outil dâ€™influence et mÃªme de dÃ©cision de la part des pouvoirs public,â€¦Peu importe le jugement portÃ© envers ces classements, Ãªtre dâ€™accord ou en dÃ©saccord avec le classement, ces derniers sont devenusÂ une rÃ©alitÃ© dans notre monde contemporain. Cette situation est lâ€™un des manifestations concrÃ¨tes de lâ€™aprÃ¨s capitalisme post-industriel. On est bien dans lâ€™Ã¨re de la nouvelle Ã©conomie ou bien prÃ©cisÃ©ment le capitalisme cognitif.Comment se comporter face Ã ce changement, surtout pour une rÃ©gion comme le monde arabe et un pays comme la Maroc? Telle est la question centrale de notre article.De cette problÃ©matique se dÃ©clinent un ensemble de questions dont principalementÂ :Est-ce le classement international des universitÃ©s est bien connu par nos universitÃ©s? Est-ce quâ€™il peut constituer une voie pour la rÃ©forme de nos universitÃ©s? Les critÃ¨res de classification peuvent ils nous renseigner sur dâ€™autres aspects au delÃ du positionnement? Le mode de management de nos universitÃ©s devra t-il Ãªtre modifiÃ© ou changÃ©Â ? De quels outils de management stratÃ©gique avons-nous besoinÂ ? Comment faire partie de ce nouvel ordre mondial tout en gardant les prioritÃ©s nationales? Faut- il intÃ©grer cette tendance ou la nierÂ complÃ¨tement? Est ce quâ€™on peut rÃ©concilier les exigences internationales et prioritÃ©s et particularitÃ©s nationalesÂ ?Tant de questions fondamentales auxquelles on essayeraÂ de rÃ©pondre dans cet article, en commenÃ§ant par bien connaitre la mÃ©thodologie de sÃ©lection et les critÃ¨res de classement de diffÃ©rents classements internationaux des universitÃ©s. Des critiques, conclusions et recommandations seront relatÃ©es Ã la fin.
IMPACT OF STRESS ON FRONT-LINE / BUSINESS MANAGEMENT EXECUTIVES AND ITâ€™S SOLUTION
Authors: Srivastava Sachin Kumar 
Published: August 2018

In todayâ€™s competitive environment, succumbing to stressful situations is cause of worries.Â Â Business environment is uncertain and turbulent and the race to reach the top has increased. The reasons for stress mayÂ be attributed to work pressure,Â peer pressures,Â family demands, lifestyles etc. Sometimes these stressors are beyond oneâ€™s control and one may fall prey to number of problems indulge inÂ alcoholic pleasures which have ruined lives. On the other hand there is no room for non performers which mayÂ result in loss of job and search for another.Â Â These pressures are there to stay closing oneâ€™s eye is no solution. However it would be wrong to interpret that stress is an unwanted element of oneâ€™s life .Creation of healthy and non stressful environment has become a key focus for organizations1The rich Hindu literature has since years contained methods and techniques that will help mankind to face the pressures and maintain a healthy mind, body and soul. This research papers deals in managing stress by understanding some aspects of Vedic literature.
School activities in health education and their impact on parents
Authors: Cirino Ruocco Ana Maria , Madeira Newton Goulart 
Published: August 2018

There is little empirical evidence establishing the value of schoolhouse education of children and the repercussions on their families; a quantitative analysis of instructional intervention in health and its reflection on the family permits quantification of its effectiveness outside of the school setting. To this end, we utilized instruction on head lice in schoolchildren was conducted. A randomized sample of those responsible for students enrolled from the third to fifth grade, from two public schools who had taken an instructional module on pediculosis, were invited to respond to a questionnaire that aimed to ascertain their opinions on the instruction and what its impact was on their family. The variables were assessed by univariat analysis. Â Of 155 total respondents, 89.9% were the parents of the students. The students that had infestation, in turn, had greater capacity to influence the family on measures against lice. The majority of those responsible supported the instruction and reported being satisfied with the school for having addressed the theme. When the subject pertains to the reality of the students, the school-family link is strengthened. Instruction on pediculosis in school helps bridge the gap between the theoretical and the practical, a harmonization required in health education.