bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Aerosol Size Spectra Measurements in the Austral Polar Vortex Before and After the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Deshler Terry , Kalnajs Lars E. , Norgren Matthew , Zhu Yunqian , Zhang Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAerosol from the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HT‐HH) volcanic eruption (20.6°S) in January 2022 were not incorporated into the austral polar vortex until the following year, March 2023. Within the polar vortex in situ profiles of aerosol size spectra were completed in the austral autumns of 2019 and 2023, from McMurdo Station, Antarctica (78˚S), 30 months prior to and 15 months after the HT‐HH eruption. The measurements indicate that the HT‐HH impact on aerosol size was primarily confined to particles with diameters >0.5 μm leading to differences in aerosol mass, surface area, and extinction from factors of 2–4 at the volcanic layer's peak below 20 km, increasing to ratios of 5–10 above 20 km. Effective radius, with radiative and microphysical implications, increased from ∼0.2 to ∼0.3 μm. An Earth system model with a modal aerosol package compares favorably with the in situ measurements of the HT‐HH aerosol impact.
Subsurface Imaging in Urban Areas With Ambient Noise Using DAS and Seismometer Data Sets: Granada, Spain
Authors: Benjumea B. , Gaite B. , Schimmel M. , Bohoyo F. , Spica Z. J. , Mancilla F. D. L. , Li Y. , Almendros J. , Morales J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDistributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is an innovative technology with great potential for acquiring seismic data sets in urban areas. In this work, we check the suitability of a DAS data set acquired in Granada (Spain) for retrieving subsurface reflectivity from ambient noise. The fiber‐optic is a pre‐existing underground telecommunication cable that crosses the city from Northwest to Southeast. We use a 10 hr recording of strain rate from a 2020 experiment to obtain seismic reflections using the autocorrelation method. We compare the DAS results with reflections obtained from seismic ambient noise recorded in nine seismometers deployed close to the fiber‐cable for 7 days in November 2022. The novel approach proposed in this study for the identification of the reflections is to use autocorrelations after bandpass filtering for specific central frequencies and to check the stability of the signals over a broad frequency band. Microtremor Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (MHVSR) measurements at a total of 14 stations, five of them outside the city, help to constrain the reflection interpretation. These include one station at the borehole that reaches the basement in the Granada Basin crossing all the Cenozoic units. We use the legacy sonic log to obtain a relationship between frequencies of MHVSR peaks and depth. Autocorrelation and MHVSR methods give consistent results delineating bedrock depth deeper than 1,000 m in Granada. These results confirm that DAS can provide valuable subsurface information in urban areas.
Enhancing risk stratification models in localized prostate cancer by novel validated tissue biomarkers
Authors: Olah Csilla , Mairinger Fabian , Wessolly Michael , Joniau Steven , Spahn Martin , Kruithof-de Julio Marianna , Hadaschik Boris , Soós Aron , Nyirády Péter , Győrffy Balázs , Reis Henning , Szarvas Tibor 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Localized prostate cancer (PCa) is a largely heterogeneous disease regarding its clinical behavior. Current risk stratification relies on clinicopathological parameters and distinguishing between indolent and aggressive cases remains challenging. To improve risk stratification, we aimed to identify new prognostic markers for PCa.

Methods
We performed an in silico analysis on publicly available PCa transcriptome datasets. The top 20 prognostic genes were assessed in PCa tissue samples of our institutional cohort (n = 92) using the NanoString nCounter technology. The three most promising candidates were further assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in an institutional (n = 121) and an independent validation cohort from the EMPACT consortium (n = 199). Cancer-specific survival (CSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were used as endpoints.

Results
Our in silico analysis identified 113 prognostic genes. The prognostic values of seven of the top 20 genes were confirmed in our institutional radical prostatectomy (RPE) cohort. Low CENPO, P2RX5, ABCC5 as well as high ASF1B, NCAPH, UBE2C, and ZWINT gene expressions were associated with shorter CSS. IHC analysis confirmed the significant associations between NCAPH and UBE2C staining and worse CSS. In the external validation cohort, higher NCAPH and ZWINT protein expressions were associated with shorter PFS. The combination of the newly identified tissue protein markers improved standard risk stratification models, such as D’Amico, CAPRA, and Cambridge prognostic groups.

Conclusions
We identified and validated high tissue levels of NCAPH, UBE2C, and ZWINT as novel prognostic risk factors in clinically localized PCa patients. The use of these markers can improve routinely used risk estimation models.
The contribution of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder polygenic load to metabolic and cardiovascular health outcomes: a large-scale population and sibling study
Authors: Du Rietz Ebba , Xie Tian , Wang Rujia , Cheesman Rosa , Garcia-Argibay Miguel , Dong Zihan , Zhang Jia , Niebuur Jacobien , Vos Melissa , Snieder Harold , Larsson Henrik , Hartman Catharina A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that ADHD is associated with increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular (cardiometabolic) diseases. However, an understanding of the mechanisms underlying these associations is still limited. In this study we estimated the associations of polygenic scores (PGS) for ADHD with several cardiometabolic diseases and biomarkers. Furthermore, we investigated to what extent the PGS effect was influenced by direct and indirect genetic effects (i.e., shared familial effects). We derived ADHD-PGS in 50,768 individuals aged 18–90 years from the Dutch Lifelines Cohort study. Using generalised estimating equations, we estimated the association of PGS with cardiometabolic diseases, derived from self-report and several biomarkers measured during a physical examination. We additionally ran within-sibling PGS analyses, using fixed effects models, to disentangle direct effects of individuals’ own ADHD genetic risk from confounding due to indirect genetic effects of relatives, as well as population stratification. We found that higher ADHD-PGS were statistically significantly associated with several cardiometabolic diseases (R-squared [R2] range = 0.03–0.50%) and biomarkers (related to inflammation, blood pressure, lipid metabolism, amongst others) (R2 range = 0.01–0.16%) (P < 0.05). Adjustment for shared familial factors attenuated the associations between ADHD-PGS and cardiometabolic outcomes (on average 56% effect size reduction), and significant associations only remained for metabolic disease. Overall our findings suggest that increased genetic liability for ADHD confers a small but significant risk increase for cardiometabolic health outcomes in adulthood. These associations were observable in the general population, even in individuals without ADHD diagnosis, and were partly explained by familial factors shared among siblings.
FXR deficiency induced ferroptosis via modulation of the CBP-dependent p53 acetylation to suppress breast cancer growth and metastasis
Authors: Huang Ping , Zhao Han , Dai Hua , Li Jinying , Pan Xiafang , Pan Wentian , Xia Chunhua , Liu Fanglan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFarnesoid X receptor (NR1H4/FXR) functions as a scavenger of lipid peroxide products and drives the proliferation and metastasis of various cancers. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In our study, we found that the expression levels of FXR, vimentin and SLC7A11 were significantly higher in breast cancer tissues, particularly in metastatic cancer tissues compared to non-metastatic ones. Furthermore, the increased FXR expression was positively correlated with vimentin and SLC7A11 in clinical tumor specimens. In addition, a high level of FXR correlated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Both Z-Guggulsterone (Z-GS), as a pharmacological inhibitor of FXR, and silencing FXR curbed proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells by promoting ferroptosis. Notably, our results showed that FXR competitively bound to CREB-binding protein (CBP) to suppress the interaction between p53 and CBP in the nucleus, and thus prevented p53 acetylation at lys382, which was essential for upregulating the expression of SLC7A11. Conversely, FXR knockdown increased the interaction between p53 and CBP and promoted p53 acetylation, which ultimately led to facilitating ferroptosis in breast cancer cells. More importantly, we also found that Z-GS inhibited TGF-β1-induced tumor growth and metastasis of breast cancer primarily through ferroptosis via regulating CBP-dependent p53 acetylation in nude mice. In conclusion, the FXR was first reported as a tumor promoter that enhanced the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells through regulating CBP-dependent p53 K382 acetylation. It proposes that FXR may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
Bringing atom probe tomography to transmission electron microscopes
Authors: Da Costa Gerald , Castro Celia , Normand Antoine , Vaudolon Charly , Zakirov Aidar , Macchi Juan , Ilhami Mohammed , Edalati Kaveh , Vurpillot François , Lefebvre Williams 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFor the purpose of enhancing the structural insights within the three-dimensional composition fields revealed by atom probe tomography, correlative microscopy approaches, combining (scanning) transmission electron microscopy with atom probe tomography, have emerged and demonstrated their relevance. To push the boundaries further and facilitate a more comprehensive analysis of nanoscale matter by coupling numerous two- or three-dimensional datasets, there is an increasing interest in combining transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography into a unified instrument. This study presents the tangible outcome of an instrumental endeavour aimed at integrating atom probe tomography into a commercial transmission electron microscope. The resulting instrument demonstrates the feasibility of combining in situ 3D reconstructions of composition fields with the detailed structural analysis afforded by transmission electron microscopy. This study shows a promising approach for converging these two important nanoscale microscopy techniques.
Extreme electron–hole drag and negative mobility in the Dirac plasma of graphene
Authors: Ponomarenko Leonid A. , Principi Alessandro , Niblett Andy D. , Wang Wendong , Gorbachev Roman V. , Kumaravadivel Piranavan , Berdyugin Alexey I. , Ermakov Alexey V. , Slizovskiy Sergey , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Ge Qi , Fal’ko Vladimir I. , Eaves Laurence , Greenaway Mark T. , Geim Andre K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCoulomb drag between adjacent electron and hole gases has attracted considerable attention, being studied in various two-dimensional systems, including semiconductor and graphene heterostructures. Here we report measurements of electron–hole drag in the Planckian plasma that develops in monolayer graphene in the vicinity of its Dirac point above liquid-nitrogen temperatures. The frequent electron–hole scattering forces minority carriers to move against the applied electric field due to the drag induced by majority carriers. This unidirectional transport of electrons and holes results in nominally negative mobility for the minority carriers. The electron–hole drag is found to be strongest near room temperature, despite being notably affected by phonon scattering. Our findings provide better understanding of the transport properties of charge-neutral graphene, reveal limits on its hydrodynamic description, and also offer insight into quantum-critical systems in general.
Dichotomous outcomes of TNFR1 and TNFR2 signaling in NK cell-mediated immune responses during inflammation
Authors: McCulloch Timothy R. , Rossi Gustavo R. , Alim Louisa , Lam Pui Yeng , Wong Joshua K. M. , Coleborn Elaina , Kumari Snehlata , Keane Colm , Kueh Andrew J. , Herold Marco J. , Wilhelm Christoph , Knolle Percy A. , Kane Lawrence , Wells Timothy J. , Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes Fernando 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cell function is regulated by a balance of activating and inhibitory signals. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an inflammatory cytokine ubiquitous across homeostasis and disease, yet its role in regulation of NK cells remains unclear. Here, we find upregulation of the immune checkpoint protein, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim3), is a biomarker of TNF signaling in NK cells during Salmonella Typhimurium infection. In mice with conditional deficiency of either TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) or TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) in NK cells, we find TNFR1 limits bacterial clearance whereas TNFR2 promotes it. Mechanistically, via single cell RNA sequencing we find that both TNFR1 and TNFR2 induce the upregulation of Tim3, while TNFR1 accelerates NK cell death but TNFR2 promotes NK cell accumulation and effector function. Our study thus highlights the complex interplay of TNF-based regulation of NK cells by the two TNF receptors during inflammation.
An interaction network of inner centriole proteins organised by POC1A-POC1B heterodimer crosslinks ensures centriolar integrity
Authors: Sala Cornelia , Würtz Martin , Atorino Enrico Salvatore , Neuner Annett , Partscht Patrick , Hoffmann Thomas , Eustermann Sebastian , Schiebel Elmar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCentriole integrity, vital for cilia formation and chromosome segregation, is crucial for human health. The inner scaffold within the centriole lumen composed of the proteins POC1B, POC5 and FAM161A is key to this integrity. Here, we provide an understanding of the function of inner scaffold proteins. We demonstrate the importance of an interaction network organised by POC1A-POC1B heterodimers within the centriole lumen, where the WD40 domain of POC1B localises close to the centriole wall, while the POC5-interacting WD40 of POC1A resides in the centriole lumen. The POC1A-POC5 interaction and POC5 tetramerization are essential for inner scaffold formation and centriole stability. The microtubule binding proteins FAM161A and MDM1 by binding to POC1A-POC1B, likely positioning the POC5 tetramer near the centriole wall. Disruption of POC1A or POC1B leads to centriole microtubule defects and deletion of both genes causes centriole disintegration. These findings provide insights into organisation and function of the inner scaffold.
Ultrafast upconversion superfluorescence with a sub-2.5 ns lifetime at room temperature
Authors: Zhou Mengwei , Huang Ping , Shang Xiaoying , Zhang Ruihuan , Zhang Wen , Shao Zhiqing , Zhang Shuo , Zheng Wei , Chen Xueyuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhoton upconversion through lanthanide-doped nanoparticles is of great significance for various applications. However, the current development of upconversion nanoparticles is hindered by the low quantum efficiency and long radiative lifetimes of lanthanide ions, restricting their applications in time-dependent nanophotonics. Herein, we report ultrafast upconversion superfluorescence with a lifetime of sub-2.5 ns in lanthanide-doped nanoparticles at room temperature. Upon excitation with an 800-nm fs-pulsed laser, we achieve a large number (N = 912) of correlated dipoles in Nd3+-concentrated nanoparticles, resulting in collective coherent emission with two orders of magnitude amplification in intensity and more than three orders of magnitude improvement in the radiative decay rate. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the control of excitation power and emitting sample length enables the lifetime manipulation of upconversion emission in a wide range from μs to sub-ns, accompanied by the typical superfluorescence signature of Burnham-Chiao ringing. These findings may benefit applications in many advanced technologies such as quantum counting and high-speed super-resolution bioimaging.
Assessment of fuzzy logic to enhance species distribution modelling of two cryptic wood boring beetle species in Australia
Authors: Li Xingyu , Emery Robert N. , Coupland Grey T. , Ren Yonglin , McKirdy Simon J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFuzzy logic presents a promising approach for Species Distribution Modelling by generating a value that can be used for comparative purposes termed ‘environmental favourability’. In contrast to ‘presence probability’, ‘environmental favourability’ remains robust regardless of species prevalence. This characteristic facilitates effective comparisons across species with varying levels of prevalence. In this study, presence probability was predicted using three commonly used Species Distribution Models: Generalised Linear Model, Generalised Additive Modelling, and Boosted Regression Trees for two beetle species, Euwallacea fornicatus and Euwallacea perbrevis in Australia. Fuzzy logic was then employed to derive environmental favourability values based on these models. Additionally, Maxent modelling was included to compare prediction outputs and facilitate a comprehensive analysis. Model performance was evaluated using standard metrics (Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, True statistical skill, Correct classification rate), as well as Hosmer-Lemeshow test. The research explored fuzzy similarity, fuzzy intersection and potential biotic interaction of these closely related borers, and revealed a favourable distribution pattern for Euwallacea fornicatus across Australia. This study supports the efficacy of fuzzy logic in Species Distribution Modelling and highlights the value of environmental favourability function in enhancing the comparative analysis of the geographical relationship across species. This approach offers a more nuanced perspective on Species Distribution Modelling.
Gaze-based detection of mind wandering during audio-guided panorama viewing
Authors: Kwok Tiffany C. K. , Kiefer Peter , Schinazi Victor R. , Hoelscher Christoph , Raubal Martin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnlike classic audio guides, intelligent audio guides can detect users’ level of attention and help them regain focus. In this paper, we investigate the detection of mind wandering (MW) from eye movements in a use case with a long focus distance. We present a novel MW annotation method for combined audio-visual stimuli and collect annotated MW data for the use case of audio-guided city panorama viewing. In two studies, MW classifiers are trained and validated, which are able to successfully detect MW in a 1-s time window. In study 1 (n = 27), MW classifiers from gaze features with and without eye vergence are trained (area under the curve of at least 0.80). We then re-validate the classifier with unseen data (study 2, n = 31) that are annotated using a memory task and find a positive correlation (repeated measure correlation = 0.49, p < 0.001) between incorrect quiz answering and the percentage of time users spent mind wandering. Overall, this paper contributes significant new knowledge on the detection of MW from gaze for use cases with audio-visual stimuli.
High-intensity interval training is an effective exercise mode to maintain normal blood pressure during pregnancy: a randomized control trial
Authors: Sun Junjiang , Radzimiński Łukasz , Santos-Rocha Rita , Szumilewicz Anna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPregnant women are more susceptible to high blood pressure (BP) than the general adult population; therefore, all means of preventing this condition should be considered. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is effective in this regard in the general population, but there is a lack of evidence of its effectiveness during pregnancy. This study aimed to compare an 8-week HIIT program to self-performed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among pregnant women by evaluating changes in BP after a maximal progressive cardiorespiratory exercise test (CPET) performed at pre-intervention and post-intervention time points. A total of 54 Caucasian women in uncomplicated, singleton pregnancies (age 32 ± 4 years, 22 ± 4 weeks of gestation; M ± SD) with normal BP values completed the interventions. The experimental (HIIT) group (n = 34) completed an online supervised HIIT program consisting of three sessions per week and supplemented by an educational class once per week. Participants in the education (EDU) group (n = 20) attended an educational class once per week and were encouraged to perform moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) on their own. Pre- and post-intervention, all women underwent a CPET on a cycle ergometer with a respiratory gas analyzer. On the day of the CPET, maternal systolic and diastolic BP (mmHg) was measured at rest (before the CPET) and approximately 60 min after the CPET using an electronic BP monitor. Identical CPET and BP measurement protocols were employed for both the HIIT and EDU groups at the pre- and post-intervention time points. Pre-intervention, the HIIT and EDU groups both showed a decrease in systolic and diastolic BP after the CPET, though only the change in systolic BP was statistically significant (HIIT group: p = 0.01; EDU group: p = 0.001). Post-intervention, there were no significant differences in either group between resting and post-CPET BP. There were significant post-intervention differences in VO2peak (p < 0.001) and HRmax (p = 0.002) between the HIIT and EDU groups. From pre- to post-intervention, the EDU and HIIT groups both showed decreases in resting systolic or diastolic BP; there was a significant difference in systolic BP in the EDU group (p = 0.005) and a significant difference in diastolic BP in the HIIT group (p = 0.03). Both groups maintained normal BP values throughout the experiment. However, HIIT, in addition to maintaining normotension, improved cardiorespiratory fitness in pregnant women. It seems that both supervised HIIT and self-performed moderate-to-vigorous PA can be recommended as strategies to prevent BP disorders during pregnancy. More studies are needed to confirm our findings.Trial registration The full study protocol was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05009433).
Redistribution of PU.1 partner transcription factor RUNX1 binding secures cell survival during leukemogenesis
Authors: Bender Alexander , Boydere Füsun , Jayavelu Ashok Kumar , Tibello Alessia , König Thorsten , Aleth Hanna , Meyer zu Hörste Gerd , Vogl Thomas , Rosenbauer Frank 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) orchestrating lineage-development often control genes required for cellular survival. However, it is not well understood how cells survive when such TFs are lost, for example in cancer. PU.1 is an essential TF for myeloid fate, and mice with downregulated PU.1 levels develop acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Combining a multi-omics approach with a functional genetic screen, we reveal that PU.1-downregulated cells fundamentally change their survival control from cytokine-driven pathways to overexpression of an autophagy-predominated stem cell gene program, for which we also find evidence in human AML. Control of this program involves redirected chromatin occupancy of the PU.1 partner TF Runx1 to a lineage-inappropriate binding site repertoire. Hence, genomic reallocation of TF binding upon loss of a partner TF can act as a pro-oncogenic failsafe mechanism by sustaining cell survival during leukemogenesis.