bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wearable computing in libraries – applications that meet the needs of users and librarians
Authors: Wójcik Magdalena 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The subject of this paper is wearable computing technology. The purpose of this paper is to determine its potential in libraries to meet the needs of both users and librarians. The specific goals include: description of the main features of wearable computing from the perspective of its potential usefulness in libraries; analysis of areas of wearable computing use in public institutions; discussion of the potential of wearable computing for library users; and discussion of the potential of wearable computing for librarians to determine its potential in libraries to meet the needs of users and librarians.

Design/methodology/approach
The method of subject literature overview was used. The state of research from the period 2008 to 2018 on the use of wearable computing in libraries was established based on a search of selected sources Web of Science, Scopus, Elsevier and Emerald databases and LISTA database.

Findings
Wearable computing can be used in many areas of library activities to serve the needs of users and librarians. In the context of services for users, wearable computing can be used, among others, to help users navigate the library, to provide resources in new and interesting forms, and in education and entertainment. For the needs of librarians, additional data provided via wearable devices can accelerate the process of cataloguing resources and increase motivation to work via gamification options and features that make it possible to measure personal work efficiency. Librarians can also use the data obtained wearable computing devices to more quickly track, identify, select and organize resources. As with users, librarians can also use wearable computing in their education.

Research limitations/implications
The paper is a viewpoint based on subject literature. It presents only a sketch of potential wearable computing applications in libraries. The aim of the paper is to initiate further discussion on the possibilities of using wearable devices to improve both services for users and internal library processes. The author’s hope is that the concepts presented here will be tested in practice by librarians, which will allow further development of research on this subject.

Practical implications
The results can be widely used in practice as a framework for the implementation of wearable computing solutions in libraries.

Social implications
The paper can help to facilitate the debate on the role of the implementation of new technologies in libraries.

Originality/value
The issue of the use of wearable computing has not yet been widely discussed in library and information science journals. In the very few publications on similar topics, only the perspective on the application of new solutions in services for users is presented. This paper also shows the potential for improving libraries’ internal processes with the use of wearable computing.
Globalized service providers’ perspective for facility management outsourcing relationships
Authors: Lok Ka Leung , So Albert , Opoku Alex , Song Haiyu 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe Contingency Outsourcing Relationship (CORE) model originated from the Four Outsourcing Relationship Types (FORT) model and the CORE model is used in the globalized facility management (FM) industry while the FORT model is originally used in the global information technology industry. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the CORE model through the rankings of relationship between a client and a globalized FM service provider from the perspective of the FM service provider in one of the four categories (i.e. in-house, technical expertise, commitment and common goals) and the application of this model with the aid of artificial neural networks (ANNs).Design/methodology/approachA quantitative methodology using a survey is used to analyze the four types of outsourcing categories. First, the background theory and a set of rules of the CORE is introduced and discussed regarding the proper ways to identify the rankings collected from the survey.FindingsThe study reveals that an interesting understanding of the outsourcing categories can be systematically implemented into the FM outsourcing relationships through the methodology of scientific artificial intelligence. FM outsourcing categorization may help to define the appropriate relationship; as either not too aggressive or too passive.Originality/valueThe outcome generated from the ANN can be considered a strong and solid reference to assess and define the existing outsourcing relationships between the stakeholders and the service providers with the goal to assign an outsourcing category to the service provider based on the learnt rules.
Management discussion and analysis: a tone analysis on US financial listed companies
Authors: Caserio Carlo , Panaro Delio , Trucco Sara 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether financial companies of the USA are inclined to manipulate the management discussion and analysis (MD&A) tone and thus to follow impression management behaviours. Also, the paper proposes a tone analysis of MD&As conducted by comparing the tone of MD&As of one year with financial conditions of the same year and the next.

Design/methodology/approach
The tone analysis is conducted on two sub-samples of US-listed financial companies, unhealthy firms and healthy firms, which experienced different financial conditions between 2002 and 2011.

Findings
With regard to healthy firms, MD&A tone is useful to explain the current year’s performance and helps to predict next year performance, whereas, with reference to unhealthy companies, managers use the tone to pursue impression management strategies, by using more positive words and more future-oriented words than healthy companies.

Research limitations/implications
This study analyses the correlation between MD&A tone at time t and financial performance at time t and t+1, it does not investigate other time spans. The empirical results of this study cannot be generalized to other countries.

Practical implications
Main implications are addressed to regulators and policy makers, which may contrast impression management through a more effective regulation. Another implication regards investors, who cannot fully rely on MD&As of unhealthy companies.

Originality/value
This study analyses financial companies, rather neglected by the literature on MD&A tone. Results suggest that financial firms are also inclined to engage in impression management. This research would be useful for investors who base their decisions on qualitative analysis, interested in understanding to what extent the MD&A narratives are reliable.
Pt electrode modified withβ-cyclodextrin/polyaniline for electrochemical sensing of penicillin V
Authors: Djaalab Elbahi , Samar Mohamed Elhadi , Zougar Saida , Kherrat Rochdi 
Published: September 2019

PurposeA new electrochemical analysis based onß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD) was developed for penicillin V (Peni-V) using polyaniline as a conducting polymer.Design/methodology/approachThe preparation of modified electrode involves the incorporation ofβ-CD with membrane of polyaniline. Polyaniline, incorporatingβ-CD, was prepared by electrochemical polymerization method in a medium of hypochloride. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance have been used to characterize this sensor. The detection and the kinetic study of modified platinum electrode are evaluated.FindingsResults clearly indicate thatβ-CDs interfere with the polymerization mechanism with an inhibition factor. The inclusion phenomenon ofβ-CDs has been studied and applied to detect Peni-V. The principle of this electrochemical sensor is based on the chemical properties ofβ-CD, which were studied using the cyclic voltammetric method and impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical behavior of Peni-V at concentrations between 10–8and 10–2 M was measured versus Ag/AgCl at pH 7.4 and 30°C in a phosphate alkaline buffer. Relationship of Peni-V concentration in logarithmic mathematical form with current in potentiometric method and with resistance in impedimetric method were obtained.Originality/valueThe present study showed that the Pt electrode modified with Polyaniline–β-CD was an excellent candidate for sensitive penicillin analysis. The proposed electroanalytical technique is rapid, simple and inexpensive.
When are extinctions simply bad luck? Rarefaction as a framework for disentangling selective and stochastic extinctions
Authors: Smith Kevin G. , Almeida Ryan J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

A key challenge in conservation biology is that not all species are equally likely to go extinct when faced with a disturbance, but there are multiple overlapping reasons for such differences in extinction probability. Differences in species extinction risk may represent extinction selectivity, a non‐random process by which species’ risks of extinction are caused by differences in fitness based on traits. Additionally, rare species with low abundances and/or occupancies are more likely to go extinct than common species for reasons of random chance alone, that is, bad luck. Unless ecologists and conservation biologists can disentangle random and selective extinction processes, then the prediction and prevention of future extinctions will continue to be an elusive challenge.

We suggest that a modified version of a common null model procedure, rarefaction, can be used to disentangle the influence of stochastic species loss from selective non‐random processes. To this end we applied a rarefaction‐based null model to three published data sets to characterize the influence of species rarity in driving biodiversity loss following three biodiversity loss events: (a) disease‐associated bat declines; (b) disease‐associated amphibian declines; and (c) habitat loss and invasive species‐associated gastropod declines. For each case study, we used rarefaction to generate null expectations of biodiversity loss and species‐specific extinction probabilities.

In each of our case studies, we find evidence for both random and non‐random (selective) extinctions. Our findings highlight the importance of explicitly considering that some species extinctions are the result of stochastic processes. In other words, we find significant evidence for bad luck in the extinction process.

Policy implications. Our results suggest that rarefaction can be used to disentangle random and non‐random extinctions and guide management decisions. For example, rarefaction can be used retrospectively to identify when declines of at‐risk species are likely to result from selectivity, versus random chance. Rarefaction can also be used prospectively to formulate minimum predictions of species loss in response to hypothetical disturbances. Given its minimal data requirements and familiarity among ecologists, rarefaction may be an efficient and versatile tool for identifying and protecting species that are most vulnerable to global extinction.
Institutionalising electoral uncertainty and authoritarian regime survival
Authors: BERNHARD MICHAEL , B. EDGELL AMANDA , LINDBERG STAFFAN I. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAuthoritarian incumbents routinely use democratic emulation as a strategy to extend their tenure in power. Yet, there is also evidence that multiparty competition makes electoral authoritarianism more vulnerable to failure. Proceeding from the assumption that the outcomes of authoritarian electoral openings are inherently uncertain, it is argued in this article that the institutionalisation of elections determines whether electoral authoritarianism promotes stability or vulnerability. By ‘institutionalisation’, it is meant the ability of authoritarian regimes to reduce uncertainty over outcomes as they regularly hold multiparty elections. Using discrete‐time event‐history models for competing risks, the effects of sequences of multiparty elections on patterns of regime survival and failure in 262 authoritarian regimes from 1946 to 2010 are assessed, conditioned on their degree of competitiveness. The findings suggest that the institutionalisation of electoral uncertainty enhances authoritarian regime survival. However, for competitive electoral authoritarian regimes this entails substantial risk. The first three elections substantially increase the probability of democratisation, with the danger subsequently diminishing. This suggests that convoking multiparty competition is a risky game with potentially high rewards for autocrats who manage to institutionalise elections. Yet, only a small number of authoritarian regimes survive as competitive beyond the first few elections, suggesting that truly competitive authoritarianism is hard to institutionalise. The study thus finds that the question of whether elections are dangerous or stabilising for authoritarianism is dependent on differences between the ability of competitive and hegemonic forms of electoral authoritarianism to reduce electoral uncertainty.
Economic policy uncertainty and firm tax avoidance
Authors: Nguyen My , Nguyen Justin Hung 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe find strong evidence that firms reduce cash effective tax rate when economic policy uncertainty heightens. Firms also engage in more aggressive forms of tax avoidance including long‐term tax planning or shelters. Cash holdings attenuate the negative effect of policy uncertainty on cash effective tax rate, especially for financially constrained firms. The cash tax savings are retained for reinvestments rather than dividend payouts. Our findings suggest that policy uncertainty exacerbates external financing frictions, which in turn induces precautionary motives of tax avoidance.
Tools to assess lung aeration in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: King Arrabella , Blank Douglas , Bhatia Risha , Marzbanrad Faezeh , Malhotra Atul 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimRespiratory distress syndrome is a common condition among preterm neonates, and assessing lung aeration assists in diagnosing the disease and helping to guide and monitor treatment. We aimed to identify and analyse the tools available to assess lung aeration in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome.MethodsA systematic review and narrative synthesis of studies published between January 1, 2004, and August 26, 2019, were performed using the OVID Medline, PubMed, Embase and Scopus databases.ResultsA total of 53 relevant papers were retrieved for the narrative synthesis. The main tools used to assess lung aeration were respiratory function monitoring, capnography, chest X‐rays, lung ultrasound, electrical impedance tomography and respiratory inductive plethysmography. This paper discusses the evidence to support the use of these tools, including their advantages and disadvantages, and explores the future of lung aeration assessments within neonatal intensive care units.ConclusionThere are currently several promising tools available to assess lung aeration in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome, but they all have their limitations. These tools need to be refined to facilitate convenient and accurate assessments of lung aeration in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome.
Lithium acts to modulate abnormalities at behavioral, cellular, and molecular levels in sleep deprivation‐induced mania‐like behavior
Authors: Andrabi Mutahar , Andrabi Muatar Maknoon , Kunjunni Remesh , Sriwastva Mukesh Kumar , Bose Samrat , Sagar Rajesh , Srivastava Achal Kumar , Mathur Rashmi , Jain Suman , Subbiah Vivekanandhan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAmple amount of data suggests role of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation as the cause and effect of mania. Studies have also suggested disrupted circadian rhythms contributing to the pathophysiology of mood disorders, including bipolar disorder. However, studies pertaining to circadian genes and effect of lithium treatment on clock genes are scant. Thus, we wanted to determine the effects of REM sleep deprivation on expression of core clock genes and determine whether epigenetics is involved. Next, we wanted to explore ultrastructural abnormalities in the hippocampus. Moreover, we were interested to determine oxidative stress, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor levels in the central and peripheral systems.MethodsRats were sleep deprived by the flower pot method and were then analyzed for various behaviors and biochemical tests. Lithium was supplemented in diet.ResultsWe found that REM sleep deprivation resulted in hyperactivity, reduction in anxiety‐like behavior, and abnormal dyadic social interaction. Some of these behaviors were sensitive to lithium. REM sleep deprivation also altered circadian gene expression and caused significant imbalance between histone acetyl transferase/histone deacetylase (HAT/HDAC) activity. Ultrastructural analysis revealed various cellular abnormalities. Lipid peroxidation and increased TNF‐α levels suggested oxidative stress and ongoing inflammation. Circadian clock genes were differentially modulated with lithium treatment and HAT/HDAC imbalance was partially prevented. Moreover, lithium treatment prevented myelin fragmentation, disrupted vasculature, necrosis, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation, and partially prevented mitochondrial damage and apoptosis.ConclusionsTaken together, these results suggest plethora of abnormalities in the brain following REM sleep deprivation, many of these changes in the brain may be target of lithium's mechanism of action.
Ex vivo specimen MRI and pathology confirm a rectosigmoid mesenteric waist at the junction of the mesorectum and mesocolon
Authors: D’Souza N. , Lord A. C. , Shaw A. , Patel A. , Balyasnikova S. , Tudyka V. , Abulafi M. , Moran B. , Rasheed S. , Tekkis P. , Coffey J. C. , Terlizzo M. , West N. P. , Quirke P. , Brown G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimContinuity of the mesentery has recently been established and may provide an anatomical basis for optimal colorectal resectional surgery. Preliminary data from operative specimen measurements suggest there is a tapering in the mesentery of the distal sigmoid. A mesenteric waist in this area may be a risk factor for local recurrence of colorectal cancer. This study aimed to investigate the anatomical characteristics of the mesentery at the colorectal junction.MethodIn this cross‐sectional study, 20 patients were recruited. After planned colorectal resection, the surgical specimens were scanned in a MRI system and subsequently dissected and photographed as per national pathology guidelines. Mesenteric surface area and linear measurements were compared between MRI and pathology to establish the presence and location of a mesenteric waist.ResultsSpecimen analysis confirmed that a narrowing in the mesenteric surface area was consistently apparent at the rectosigmoid junction. Above the anterior peritoneal reflection, the surface area and posterior distance of the mesentery of the upper rectum initially decreased before increasing as the mesentery of the sigmoid colon. These anatomical properties created the appearance of a mesenteric ‘waist’ at the rectosigmoid junction. Using the anterior reflection as a reference landmark, the rectosigmoid waist occurred at a mean height of 23.6 and 21.7 mm on MRI and pathology, respectively.ConclusionA rectosigmoid waist occurs at the junction of the mesorectum and mesocolon, and is a mesenteric landmark for the rectum that is present on both radiology and pathology.
How to disarm an evolutionary trap
Authors: Robertson Bruce A. , Blumstein Daniel T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEvolutionary traps occur when rapid environmental change leads animals to prefer resources (e.g., food, mates, habitats) that reduce their fitness. Traps can lead to rapid population declines, extirpation, and species extinction, yet they have received little attention within the context of wildlife conservation efforts. We first demonstrate that traps are affecting a taxonomically diverse range of animals including key pollinators and important human food species and commonly impact threatened and endangered species. We then provide a conceptual framework for wildlife scientists and practitioners that outlines: (1) the detectable symptoms of evolutionary traps which require further investigation if a trap is affecting the target of existing conservation management; (2) management options for eliminating traps or mitigating their demographic impacts; (3) case studies illustrating how practitioners have applied these mitigations in specific cases; and (4) a structure for considering how these management options should be integrated into existing decision‐making frameworks. Management to eliminate evolutionary traps is a new challenge for conservationist scientists requiring a deeper understanding of the sensory‐cognitive world experienced by nonhuman animals. To do so, it will be essential to diagnose the behavioral mechanisms causing traps and then identify solutions to restore adaptive behavior in target populations.
Reappraisal of cytology‐histology correlation in cervical cytology based on the recent American Society of Cytopathology guidelines (2017) at a cancer research centre
Authors: Gupta Ruchika , Hariprasad Roopa , Dhanasekaran Kavitha , Sodhani Pushpa , Mehrotra Ravi , Kumar Neeta , Gupta Sanjay 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of recently published American Society of Cytopathology (ASC) guidelines (2017) on the conduct of cervical cytology‐histology correlation (CHC).MethodsA retrospective review was conducted for cervical biopsies with their corresponding conventional cervical smears over a 7.5‐year period (January 2011‐June 2018). As per the ASC guidelines, a discrepancy assessment grid was prepared. Major cytology‐histology discordance was defined as a diagnosis of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or CIN2+ in one of the tests with negative result in the other. Smears and biopsies of all discordant cases were reviewed for reasons of overcall and undercall.ResultsOf the 341 cervical biopsies with corresponding Papanicolaou smear, cytology‐histology agreement was noted in 249 (73%) cases. Major discordance was observed in 22 cases (6.4%)—16 undercalls and six overcalls on cytology—while minor discrepancies were noted in 70 cases. Atypical metaplasia and repair changes were the main reasons for overcall while small HSIL cells in atrophic smear and scant HSIL cells were important causes of undercall on cytology review. Using the ASC guidelines, we could improvise upon the existing CHC methodology for categorisation of cyto‐histological pairs of cases with a cytological diagnosis of atypical glandular cells.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates, for the first time, that the recent ASC guidelines facilitate cervical CHC, especially for categorisation of cases with atypical glandular cells on cytology. Uniform application of these guidelines would standardise the conduct of cervical CHC internationally and provide scope for inter‐laboratory comparison of data as well as enhance self‐learning and peer learning.
Can social spending cushion the inequality effect of globalization?
Authors: Bergh Andreas , Mirkina Irina , Nilsson Therese 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper examines whether social spending cushions the effect of globalization on within‐country inequality. Using information on disposable and market income inequality and data on overall social spending, and health and education spending from the ILO and the World Bank/WHO, we analyze whether social spending moderates the association between economic globalization and inequality. The results confirm that economic globalization—especially economic flows—associates with higher income inequality, an effect driven by non‐OECD countries. Health spending is strongly associated with lower inequality, but we find no robust evidence that any kind of social spending negatively moderates the association between economic globalization and inequality.