bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of tumour microenvironment: a new vision for cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Ziyan , Guo Pengyi , Xie Xiaozai , Yu Haitao , Wang Yi , Chen Gang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a relatively rare malignant and lethal tumour derived from bile duct epithelium and the morbidity is now increasing worldwide. This disease is difficult to diagnose at its inchoate stage and has poor prognosis. Therefore, a clear understanding of pathogenesis and major influencing factors is the key to develop effective therapeutic methods for CCA. In previous studies, canonical correlation analysis has demonstrated that tumour microenvironment plays an intricate role in the progression of various types of cancers including CCA. CCA tumour microenvironment is a dynamic environment consisting of authoritative tumour stromal cells and extracellular matrix where tumour stromal cells and cancer cells can thrive. CCA stromal cells include immune and non‐immune cells, such as inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages. Likewise, CCA tumour microenvironment contains abundant proliferative factors and can significantly impact the behaviour of cancer cells. Through abominably intricate interactions with CCA cells, CCA tumour microenvironment plays an important role in promoting tumour proliferation, accelerating neovascularization, facilitating tumour invasion, and preventing tumour cells from organismal immune reactions and apoptosis. This review summarizes the recent research progress regarding the connection between tumour behaviours and tumour stromal cells in CCA, as well as the mechanism underlying the effect of tumour stromal cells on the growth of CCA. A thorough understanding of the relationship between CCA and tumour stromal cells can shed some light on the development of new therapeutic methods for treating CCA.
Long non‐coding RNA SNHG20 promotes the tumorigenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma via targeting miR‐197/LIN28 axis
Authors: Wu Jie , Zhao Wei , Wang Zhonghou , Xiang Xu , Zhang Shengchi , Liu Lina 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLong non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) has been verified to participate in the tumour regulation, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Nevertheless, the role of lncRNA SNHG20 on OSCC still remains elusive. Here, we investigate the physiopathologic functions of lncRNA SNHG20 in OSCC tumorigenesis and explore its potential mechanism. LncRNA SNHG20 was up‐regulated in OSCC tissue compared with adjacent non‐tumour tissue. Meanwhile, SNHG20 was overexpressed in cancer stem‐like cells. In vitro and in vivo, loss‐of‐function experiments showed that lncRNA SNHG20 knockdown inhibited proliferative ability, mammosphere‐forming ability, ALDH1 expression, stem factors (LIN28, Nanog, Oct4, SOX2) and tumour growth. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR‐197 targeted the 3′‐untranslated regions of SNHG20 and LIN28 by complementary binding. Validation experiments confirmed the associated functions of SNHG20/miR‐197/LIN28 axis on OSCC proliferation and stemness. In summary, our results reveal the important function of SNHG20/miR‐197/LIN28 axis in the oncogenesis and stemness of OSCC, suggesting the vital role of SNHG20 in OSCC tumorigenesis.
Characteristics of IgG subclasses and complement deposition in BP230‐type bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Zheng M. , Ujiie H. , Iwata H. , Muramatsu K. , Yoshimoto N. , Ito T. , Ujiie I. , Shimizu S. , Sato‐Matsumura K.C. , Shimizu H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundBullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune blistering disease. BP180 is the primary autoantigen of BP, and in a portion of BP cases, BP230 is the only target of autoantibodies. Such BP is called BP230‐type BP. BP230‐type BP tends to show milder clinical phenotypes than conventional BP, but the reason is unclear. The pathogenic roles of autoantibodies and complement activation have been shown in conventional BP, but the distribution of IgG subclasses and the degree of complement deposition in BP230‐type BP remain unclear.ObjectiveTo compare the distribution of IgG subclasses and the degree of complement deposition in BP230‐type BP with those in conventional BP with autoantibodies to BP180 and BP230 (BP180‐BP230‐type BP).MethodsThe diagnosis of BP was confirmed by the histopathology of the lesions, the deposition of IgG and complement in the perilesional skin and the presence of circulating autoantibodies to BP180 and BP230. The disease severity was determined by bullous pemphigoid disease area index. The deposition of IgG subclasses and complement deposition were examined by direct immunofluorescence of the perilesional skin in 6 BP230‐type BP cases and 11 BP180‐BP230‐type BP cases.ResultsSixty seven percent of BP230‐type BP cases show a mild clinical phenotype. All BP230‐type BP cases and 82% of BP180‐BP230‐type BP cases were found to demonstrate the clear deposition of IgG4 at the basement membrane zone of skin specimens. Notably, the deposition of IgG1 and IgG3 was faint or negative in all of the BP230‐type BP cases, whereas they were clearly detected in 91% and 64% of the BP180‐BP230‐type BP cases, respectively. The deposition of complement C3 tended to be weaker in BP230‐type BP than in BP180‐BP230‐type BP.ConclusionThe mild clinical phenotype of BP230‐type BP may correlate with the weaker deposition of IgG1, IgG3 and complement in the skin lesions.
Morphological classification of melanoma metastasis with reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Farnetani F. , Manfredini M. , Longhitano S. , Chester J. , Shaniko K. , Cinotti E. , Mazzoni L. , Venturini M. , Manganoni A. , Longo C. , Reggiani‐Bonetti L. , Giannetti L. , Rubegni P. , Calzavara‐Pinton P. , Stanganelli I. , Perrot J.L. , Pellacani G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous malignant melanoma metastases differential diagnosis is challenging, as clinical and dermoscopic features can simulate primary melanoma or other benign or malignant skin neoplasms, and in‐vivo reflectance confocal microscopy could assist. Our aim was to identify specific reflectance confocal microscopy features for cutaneous malignant melanoma metastases, and epidermal and dermal involvement.MethodsA retrospective, multicentre observational study of lesions with proven cutaneous malignant melanoma metastases diagnosis between January 2005 and December 2016. Lesions were retrospectively assessed according to morphological features observed at reflectance confocal microscopy. Potential homogeneous subgroups of epidermal or dermal involvement were investigated with cluster analysis.ResultsCutaneous malignant melanoma metastases (51 lesions in 29 patients) exhibited different frequencies of features according to metastasis dermoscopy patterns. Lesions classified at dermoscopy with nevus‐like globular and non‐globular patterns were more likely to be epidermotropic, showing characteristics of epidermal and dermal involvement at reflectance confocal microscopy. Other dermoscopy pattern classifications were more likely to be dermotropic, showing characteristics od dermal involvement at reflectance confocal microscopy. Distinguishing features at reflectance confocal microscopy included irregular (78%) and altered (63%) epidermis, pagetoid infiltration (51%), disarranged junctional architecture (63%), non‐edged papillae (76%), dense and sparse, and cerebriform nests in the upper dermis (74%), and vascularity (51%). Cluster analysis identified three groups, which were retrospectively correlated with histopathological diagnoses of dermotropic and epidermotropic diagnoses (P < 0.001). The third cluster represents lesions with deep dermis morphological changes, which were too deep for evaluation with reflectance confocal microscopy.ConclusionsSpecific reflectance confocal microscopy features of cutaneous malignant melanoma metastases for correct diagnosis, and subtype diagnosis, seem achievable in most cases where morphological alterations are located above the deep dermis.
Effects of staining and polishing on different types of enamel surface sealants
Authors: Corcodel Nicoleta , Hassel Alexander J. , Sen Sinan , Saure Daniel , Rammelsberg Peter , Lux Christopher J. , Zingler Sebastian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess surface discoloration of four enamel sealants based on different chemical compositions after exposure to artificial aging and staining solutions. Furthermore, their cleanability after polishing will be evaluated.Materials and MethodsSelected sealants were a composite resin‐based sealant with fillers (Pro Seal), a composite resin‐based sealant without fillers (Light BondSealant), a resin‐modified glass ionomer‐based sealant (ClinproXT Varnish) and a silicon‐based sealant (Protecto). Natural teeth served as medium. Immersion solutions were water, juice, tea, and turmeric. In a standardized setting, all samples were measured seven times with a spectroradiometer (Photoresearch PR670) at baseline, after thermocycling; 7 days; 2 and 4 weeks of immersion; and after finally polishing.ResultsThermocycling had no significant effect on color stability. After exposure to staining solutions, all sealed surfaces showed significant color changes. Color change predominately occurred for all sealants in the first week of staining (P ≤ .01). Best resistance to staining decreased as follows: Protecto > Light Bond Sealant > ProSeal > Clinpro XT Varnish. Surface cleaning by polishing significantly reduced the color change.ConclusionSealed enamel surfaces are prone to discoloration, which is most prominent in filled composite and glass‐ionomer‐based sealants. Staining can be reduced by polishing; however, in this in vitro setting the original color could not be restored.Clinical SignificanceEnamel sealants might exert adverse effects in terms of discoloration. This should be taken into consideration by clinicians and patients, particularly when sealants are applied in esthetically critical areas.
Novel GARS mutation presenting as autosomal dominant intermediate Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease
Authors: Nan Haitian , Takaki Ryusuke , Hata Takanori , Ichinose Yuta , Tsuchiya Mai , Koh Kishin , Takiyama Yoshihisa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe report the first family with a glycyl‐tRNA synthetase (GARS) mutation with autosomal dominant intermediate Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (DI‐CMT). The proband and the proband's father presented with gait disturbance and hand weakness. Both patients displayed moderately decreased conduction velocities (MNCV) (ranging from 29.2 to 37.8 m/s). A sural nerve biopsy of the father revealed evidence of both axonal loss and demyelination. On exome sequencing, in both the proband and his father, we identified a novel missense mutation (c.643G > C, p.Asp215His) in the GARS gene in a heterozygous state, which is considered to be pathogenic for this DI‐CMT family. The present study broadens current knowledge about intermediate CMT and the phenotypic spectrum of defects associated with GARS.
Scientific publication in obstetrics and gynecology from Mainland China and other top‐ranking countries: A 10‐year survey of the literature
Authors: Nie Xiao‐Fei , Ouyang Yan‐Qiong , Redding Sharon R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the output of scientific publications in obstetrics and gynecology journals from Mainland China and six other countries, to compare the difference of research situation between Mainland China and the developed countries in order to measure the trend of number of publication in the field of Obstetrics and Gynecology.MethodsInformation on article amounts, impact factors (IF), citation and publication in high‐impact obstetrics and gynecology journals by seven top‐ranking countries between January 1, 2007 and August 31, 2017, was extracted from Web of Science databases.ResultsA total of 137 661 articles were published between 2007 and 2017 in the 98 obstetrics and gynecology journals. The cumulative IF and citations of articles from USA were the highest. The highest average citation was France and Mainland China ranked fourth. There were 52 631 papers published in the top 10 obstetrics and gynecology journals and the USA accounted for the majority of these papers (33 978, 64.6%), followed by England (8347, 15.9%). Articles from the USA were most often published in American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (10658) and those from Mainland China were mostly published in Fertility and Sterility (809).ConclusionThe USA published the most articles having high IF, making the greatest contribution to the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Although the number of scientific publications from Mainland China has rapidly increased from 2007 to 2017, the quality of these publications has not been as satisfactory. It implys that Chinese current academic evaluation system should pay special attention to the quality of academic papers, instead of the number of papers published by scientists.
Estimating the Cost of Equity Capital for Insurance Firms With Multiperiod Asset Pricing Models
Authors: Barinov Alexander , Xu Jianren , Pottier Steven W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPrevious research on insurer cost of equity (COE) focuses on single‐period asset pricing models. In reality, however, investment and consumption decisions are made over multiple periods, exposing firms to time‐varying risks related to economic cycles and market volatility. We extend the literature by examining two multiperiod models—the conditional capital asset pricing model (CCAPM) and the intertemporal CAPM (ICAPM). Using 29 years of data, we find that macroeconomic factors significantly influence and explain insurer stock returns. Insurers have countercyclical beta, implying that their market risk increases during recessions. Further, insurers are sensitive to volatility risk (the risk of losses when volatility goes up), but not to insurance‐specific risks, financial industry risks, liquidity risk, or coskewness after controlling for other economy‐wide factors.
The Reinsurance Network Among U.S. Property–Casualty Insurers: Microstructure, Insolvency Risk, and Contagion
Authors: Chen Hua , Cummins J. David , Sun Tao , Weiss Mary A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractReinsurance is the primary source of interconnectedness in the insurance industry. As such, reinsurance connectivity provides a transmission mechanism for financial shocks and potentially exposes insurers to contagion and systemic risk. In this article, connectivity within the U.S. property–casualty (P/C) reinsurance market is modeled as a network. We model the network of all primary insurers and reinsurers in the market. We analyze all bilateral reinsurance counterparty relationships (domestic and foreign) of U.S. P/C insurers, and we model both intra‐ and intergroup transactions. We extend the prior literature by providing a detailed examination of the reinsurance network structure, including network density, network components, centrality of individual insurers, and sub‐network analysis for top insurers. Our analysis of contagion and insolvency risk reveals that even the failure of the top 10 in‐degree or in‐strength insurers with 100 percent loss given default would not lead to widespread insolvencies in the U.S. P/C insurance industry.
Biking to School: The Role of Bicycle‐Sharing Programs in Adolescents
Authors: Estevan Isaac , Queralt Ana , Molina‐García Javier 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to: (1) describe modes of transport to school, with a specific focus on the use of public bicycle share programs (PBSP); and (2) assess sociodemographic, psychosocial, and environmental correlates of bike and PBSP use to go to school.METHODSA group of 465 adolescents from the International Physical Activity and the Environment Network (IPEN) Adolescent Study (Valencia, Spain) participated in the research. Mixed regression analyses were conducted on the data obtained.RESULTSNot having bicycle access, a PBSP card, or a public bike lane close to the school is negatively associated with bicycle use. PBSP is positively associated with physical self‐efficacy and bicycle availability and negatively associated with the number of vehicles per drivers at home and not having PBSP stations close to the school.CONCLUSIONSThe strongest predictive factor, as regards cycling as an active mode of transport to school among adolescents is having a PBSP card. Schools have a crucial role in promoting bicycle use through collaboration when designing public policies that consider access to bike lane networks and PBSP stations and therefore should encourage local government implementation policies and/or increase PBSP stations within 250 m of the school.
Impact of Parents' Comprehensive Health Literacy on BMI in Children: A Multicenter Cross‐Sectional Study in Japan
Authors: Nakamura Daisuke , Ogawa Masato , Nakamura Teruhiko , Izawa Kazuhiro P. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDLow‐functional health literacy (HL) of parents influences poor child health outcomes. This study aimed to assess the relationship between comprehensive HL of parents and body mass index (BMI) of their children.METHODSWe enrolled 3‐ to 6‐year‐old preschool‐aged children and their parents in this multicenter cross‐sectional cohort study. We evaluated parents' comprehensive HL with the 14‐item HL scale. Children's BMI categories were defined using International Obesity Task Force cutoffs according to age and sex. We analyzed differences in data between the high‐HL group and the low‐HL group and investigated the association between HL of parents and their children's BMI by multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTSThe high‐HL group comprised 208 (75.1%) children and the low‐HL group comprised 69 (24.9%) children of whom 23 (8.3%) were overweight and 35 (12.6%) were thin. The low‐HL group had more children with poor BMI than the high‐HL group. Multivariate analysis showed an association between the low HL of parents and the poor BMI of their children after adjustment for all other confounding factors.CONCLUSIONSComprehensive HL of parents appears to affect the BMI of their children independently, suggesting that interventions to improve HL in parents are necessary.
“Even If They're Being Bad, Maybe They Need a Chance to Run Around”: What Children Think About Recess
Authors: Fink Dale B. , Ramstetter Catherine L. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe withholding of recess for disciplinary purposes has been acknowledged but studied on a limited basis. The perspectives of children have not been heard at all on this subject.METHODSOur paper draws upon semistructured child interviews, which were one activity within a multifaceted study. A subset of students was interviewed about recess and about the experience of having teachers who withheld recess.RESULTSInterviewees favored recess and other parts of school that allowed physical activity and social interaction over more sedentary, isolating parts of school. Many understood teachers' rationale for withholding recess; some thought it was helpful, up to a point. Others did not think it was solving the problems it was designed to address. They were skeptical it was having a beneficial effect on the small number of peers who lost recess regularly.CONCLUSIONMost respondents showed deference to their teachers and were inclined to regard them as wise and fair. The data from these interviews indicated that many children experienced anxiety, regret, and sometimes resentment with regard to the practice of withholding recess. Many wished teachers could identify other means of discipline to address issues that led to losing recess. This study provides a valuable perspective that has been missing from the policy discussions about recess.
The social cost problem, rights, and the (non)empty core
Authors: Gonzalez Stéphane , Marciano Alain , Solal Philippe 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe revisit the “Coase theorem” through the lens of a cooperative game model which takes into account the assignment of rights among agents involved in a problem of social cost. We consider the case where one polluter interacts with many potential victims. Given an assignment or a mapping of rights, we represent a social cost problem by a cooperative game. A solution consists in a payoff vector. We introduce three properties for a mapping of rights. First,core compatibilityindicates that the core of the associated cooperative games is nonempty. Second,Kaldor‐Hicks core compatibilityindicates that there is a payoff vector in the core where victims are fully compensated for the damage once the negotiations are completed. Third,no veto power for a victimsays that no victim has the power to veto an agreement signed by the rest of the society. We then demonstrate two main results. First,core compatibilityis satisfied if and only if the rights are assigned either to the polluter or to the entire set of victims. Second, there is no mapping of rights satisfyingKaldor‐Hicks core compatibilityandno veto power for a victim.
Tax havens, income shifting, and redistributive taxation
Authors: Lai Yu‐Bong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of tax havens on nonhaven countries’ redistributive policies. We consider that a nonhaven country contains individuals with different labor productivities. A tax is imposed on the income, and the revenues are evenly distributed. The tax rate is determined by majority voting, which reflects the median voter’s preferences. The presence of havens gives rise to the mobility of tax bases, which may increase the nonhaven country’s tax rate in two ways. First, it leads to a median voter with a lower productivity; second, it may enlarge the marginal tax revenue from raising the tax rate. In addition, we find that a stricter antihavens regulation may lower the tax rate. We further show that income shifting is likely to reduce the amount of the transfers. The case of tax evasion is also taken into consideration.
Taxonomic status and distribution of Mirabilis himalaica (Nyctaginaceae)
Authors: Wang Shu‐Li , Li Lang , Ci Xiu‐Qin , Conran John G. , Li Jie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMirabilis himalaica (Edgew.) Heimerl (Nyctaginaceae) is endemic to the Himalayas where it is used in traditional Tibetan folk medicine and is the only Old World representative of a large New World genus. The systematic position of M. himalaica and historical biogeography of Mirabilis and related genera was evaluated using two loci (nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, rps16), with divergence times estimated using internal transcribed spacer sequences. All 16 sampled provenances of M. himalaica formed a strongly supported terminal clade and at the sectional level formed a clade with sect. Quamoclidion sensu stricto, despite their morphology. Section Oxybaphoides and sect. Oxybaphus were not closely related to M. himalaica, suggesting their apparent morphological similarities are convergent. The beast analysis and ancestral area reconstruction indicated that M. himalaica separated from related North American species during the late Miocene to early Pleistocene ∼5.22 Ma (95% highest posterior density, 2.53–8.18). Both migration by way of the Quaternary Bering land bridge (Beringia) and long‐distance dispersal could have contributed to the present‐day disjunction between M. himalaica and the American species. These results agree with previous studies that suggest Oxybaphus should be merged into Mirabilis. However, although the infrageneric position of M. himalaica is still uncertain, it is not close to sect. Oxybaphus as has been suggested previously.