bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN DAN PEMBIAYAAN PADA PENGEMBANGAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DAN UKM DI PEKON SINAR PETIR
Authors: Azzahra Faizah , Solihin Ahmad , Wijaya Sastra 
Published: November 2024

Pembangunan ekonomi daerah adalah salah satu prioritas utama untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu metode yang dinilai efektif untuk mencapainya adalah dengan memajukan kewirausahaan dan Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM). Pekon Sinar Petir merupakan salah satu daerah yang sedang berkembang di sektor kewirausahaan dan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM). Di Pekon Sinar Petir, banyak pelaku usaha kecil dan menengah masih mengalami kesulitan dalam menerapkan praktik manajemen keuangan yang efektif, disebabkan oleh kurangnya pengetahuan atau akses terbatas terhadap teknologi dan sistem informasi keuangan yang memadai. Dalam konteks ini, manajemen keuangan dan pembiayaan menjadi elemen krusial yang berpengaruh terhadap keberlangsungan dan pertumbuhan usaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik manajemen keuangan yang diterapkan oleh pelaku usaha di Pekon Sinar Petir serta mengeksplorasi sumber-sumber pembiayaan yang tersedia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen terkait manajemen keuangan dan pembiayaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pelaku UKM di Pekon Sinar Petir masih menghadapi kendala dalam manajemen keuangan. Serta terdapat hasil tentang bagimana tantangan dalam manajemen keuangan, pelaku usaha di Pekon Sinar Petir mampu memanfaatkan potensi lokal dan sumber daya yang ada untuk mendukung pengembangan usaha mereka. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan rekomendasi bagi pengembangan kebijakan yang mendukung kewirausahaan di tingkat local khususnya Pekon Sinar Petir.
Automatic segmentation of contrast-enhanced time resolved image	series
Authors: Kim Junhwan , Zabih Ramin 
Published: November 2024

Medical imaging often involves the injection of contrast agents and the subsequent analysis of tissue enhancement patterns. Many important types of tissue have characteristic enhancement patterns; for example, in MR mammography, malignancies exhibit a characteristic "wash out" temporal pattern, while in MR angiography, arteries, veins and parenchyma each have their own distinctive temporal signature. In such time resolved image series, there are substantial changes in intensities; however, this change is due primarily to the contrast agent, rather than to motion. As a result, the task of automatically segmenting contrast-enhanced images poses interesting new challenges. In this paper, we propose a new image segmentation algorithm for time resolved image series with contrast enhancement, using a model-based time series analysis of individual pixels. We take an energy minimization approach to ensure spatial coherence. The energy is minimized in an expectation-maximization fashion that alternates between segmenting the image into a number of non-overlapping regions and finding the temporal profile parameters which describe the behavior of each region. Preliminary experiments on MR angiography and MR mammography studies show the algorithm's ability to find an accurate segmentation.
Quantitative simulation of coherent X-ray scatter measurements on	bulk objects
Authors: Bomsdorf H. , Müller T. , Strecker H. 
Published: November 2024

During the past decade methods for non-destructive identification and imaging of materials within bulk objects have been developed based on the measurement of coherent X-ray scatter. Their applicability to a given medical or industrial problem, however, strongly depends on the individual system design since the key features resolution, sensitivity and spatial resolution are strongly interrelated. In this paper quantitative simulation is presented as a means for system optimization without the requirement for time consuming experiments. By means of a full 3D model of the scatter geometry, which holds for rotationally symmetric collimator arrangements, possible photon scatter paths are evaluated using a Monte Carlo algorithm. This enables simulation of energy resolved scatter patterns based on powder diffraction (PDF) literature data. In addition, the influence of the attenuation caused by the object is taken into account by calculating the transmission spectrum. For quantitative assessment of sensitivity, scatter count rates and thus signal-to-noise ratios are calculated based on a calibration procedure combining the result of a simulation with that of a corresponding measurement. The results of the simulation are shown to be in very good agreement with experimental data. Taking various examples of application as a basis, the usability of the simulation program for the assessment and individual optimization of system performance is demonstrated.
Robust megavoltage x-ray spectra estimation from transmission	measurements
Authors: Manciu Marian , Manciu Felicia S. , Vulcan Teodor , Nes Elena , Waggener Robert G. 
Published: November 2024

Megavoltage X-ray sources are commonly used for therapy planning, and knowledge of their spectral distribution is important for accurate dose calculations. There are many methods that could provide reasonable estimations of Megavoltage X-ray spectra, when very accurate attenuation data or at least very good set of initial guesses of the spectra are available. We present here a novel method, which can be used for accurate Megavoltage spectral reconstruction without any prior knowledge of spectral distribution; the method performs well even when the available transmission data are affected by noise. The method is based on a search for a smooth function that minimizes the differences between measured and calculated attenuation data. The algorithm is compared with well-known existing algorithms, using computer simulated data, both error-free and containing added random Gaussian noise. The reconstructed spectra are subsequently used to calculate the transmission through 50 cm of bone, muscle or fat tissue. It is shown that the relative errors in dose calculations, using the spectra reconstructed via this method, are significantly smaller than those obtained via well-established reconstruction algorithms – Truncated Singular Value Decomposition (TSVD) and Expectation Maximization (EM). These results suggest that the novel algorithm might be practical for routine Megavoltage therapy X-ray source calibration.
A lung area estimation method for analysis of ventilation	inhomogeneity based on electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Zhao Zhanqi , Steinmann Daniel , Müller-Zivkovic Danijela , Martin Jörg , Frerichs Inéz , Guttmann Josef , Möller Knut 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: To evaluate a novel method for lung area estimation (LAE method) in electrical impedance tomography (EIT) images as a prerequisite of quantitative analysis of ventilation inhomogeneity. Methods: The LAE method mirrors the lung regions in the functional EIT (fEIT) image and subsequently subtracts the cardiac related areas. In this preliminary study, 51 mechanically ventilated patients were investigated, including 39~patients scheduled for thoracic surgery (test group); 10~patients scheduled for orthopedic surgery without pulmonary disease (control group) and 2 ICU patients undergoing chest computed tomography (CT) examination. EIT data was recorded in all groups. The results of the LAE method were compared to those obtained with the fEIT method and to CT images. Results: The lung area size determined with fEIT in control group is S $_{C,fEIT}$ =361 ± 35 (mean ± SD) and in test group S $_{T,fEIT}$ = 299 ± 61 (p< 0.01). The sizes estimated with the LAE method in control group S $_{C,LAE}$ = 353 ± 27 and in test group S $_{T,LAE}$ = 353 ± 61 (p=0.41). The result demonstrates that the novel LAE method improves the identification of lung region in EIT images, from which the analysis of ventilation distribution will benefit. The preliminary comparison with CT images exemplarily indicates a closer match of the lung area shapes after the LAE than after the fEIT-based analysis. Conclusion: The LAE method is a robust lung area determination method, suitable for patients with healthy or seriously injured lungs.
Selective energy dispersive diffraction peak fitting by using	genetic algorithm
Authors: Brunetti A. , Bailo D. , Albertini V. Rossi 
Published: November 2024

Accurate and precise estimates of X-Ray diffraction peak parameters is mandatory, when small dynamic changes of lattice parameters have to be quantitatively analyzed. To follow in real time such changes, a large set of patterns must be usually collected, so that the position of certain peaks of interest can be tracked. To calculate the positions, a fitting procedure of the peaks is required and several algorithms are reported in the literature for this purpose. However, these algorithms are mainly focused on the determination of parameters based on a model of the cell geometry. Here, we present a new algorithm allowing to carry out the fitting procedure on a portion only of the pattern, with neither tight constraints on the dataset, nor restrictive hypotheses on the sample structure. In our case, a coarse estimate of the detector resolution and of the positions of the peaks to fit are the only initial conditions required. This method can be regarded as a hybrid technique, as it makes use of a genetic algorithm approach, mixed with an intensive multiple random generation of the population, that makes it similar to a Monte Carlo technique. Moreover, adaptive genetic operators have been implemented in the data processing code. These properties result in a fast and efficient algorithm, a fundamental requirement when, as in the present case, the Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffraction method is applied to observe structural changes, which implies the acquisition of many patterns in a relatively short time. The result of this application is shown by some practical examples.
أثر التمويل الاجتماعي الإسلامي في تمويل المشاريع الصغيرة في دولة مالي
Authors: Ahmad El Habib El Hassen SiD , Sangare Bilaly 
Published: November 2024

This study aims to give a picture of the situation of small projects in Mali, considering the use of Islamic social financing tools as financing tools for these projects and their various sectors as a reason for their development, due to the various mechanisms and methods that are appropriate to the situation of these projects, and the establishment of institutions that supervise zakat, taking into account Giving, as well as waqf and spending, have a role in influencing the strengthening of these projects and finding solutions to the problems that these projects suffer from, starting with the problem of financing. It is worth noting that interest in the agricultural sector with agricultural contracts contributes to employing a larger number of young people and owners of small projects, which reduces unemployment and crime rates. Irregular migration in Mali society. The researcher used the descriptive inductive approach in this study, using books, reports, and all sources related to the research topic. This study aims to give a picture of the situation of small projects in Mali, considering the use of Islamic social financing tools as financing tools for these projects and their various sectors as a reason for their development, due to the various mechanisms and methods that are appropriate to the situation of these projects, and the establishment of institutions that supervise zakat, taking into account Giving, as well as waqf and spending, have a role in influencing the strengthening of these projects and finding solutions to the problems that these projects suffer from, starting with the problem of financing. It is worth noting that interest in the agricultural sector with agricultural contracts contributes to employing a larger number of young people and owners of small projects, which reduces unemployment and crime rates. Irregular migration in Mali society. The researcher used the descriptive inductive approach in this study, using books, reports, and all sources related to the research topic.

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى توصيف حال المشروعات الصغيرة في مالي، وبيان الفائدة المعتبرة في توظيف أدوات التمويل الاجتماعي الإسلامي كوسيلة تمويلية فعالة لتطوير هذه المشاريع، باعتبار ما تتميز به من آليات وأساليب ملائمة لوضع هذه المشاريع، وقد استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لدراسة وتحليل ما كتب في الموضوع، في ضوء ما يناسب موضوع الدراسة المتعلق بتمويل المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة في مالي.
وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن الضعف الإداري والعجز المالي الذي يحدُّ من إقامة وتطوير المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة يمكن التغلب عليه بإنشاء مؤسسات وقفية إدارة وتطويرا، وأخرى للزكاة أخذا وعطاءً، واستغلال تلك الأموال الزكوية والوقفية في تمويل المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة في قطاعات الزراعة والصناعة والإنشاءات من خلال عقود التمويل الاجتماعي الإسلامي، بما يساهم في خفض نسبة البطالة والجريمة والهجرة غير النظامية في المجتمع المالي من خلال توظيف أكبرعدد من الشباب في هذه المشاريع.
Antibiotics combined with vaginal probiotics in the embryo transfer cycle of infertile patients with chronic endometritis
Authors: Hu Ping , Chen Mengyue , Zhu Lu , Song Bing , Wang Chao , He Xiaojin , Li Guanjian , Cao Yunxia 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionChronic endometritis (CE) is a prolonged, mild inflammation of the endometrial lining. This study investigated the impact of the impact of antibiotic treatment combined with vaginal Lactobacillus on pregnancy outcomes in infertile patients with CE during frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 7,385 patients who underwent FET. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 254 patients diagnosed with CE were eligible for inclusion. Of these, 119 patients received antibiotics alone, whereas 135 were treated with a combination of doxycycline and vaginal Lactobacillus. All patients underwent embryo transfer within 6 months following treatment. The general characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of the first FET cycle post-treatment were compared between the two groups.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of general characteristics, clinical pregnancy rate, early miscarriage rate, and ectopic pregnancy rate. Patients who received a combination of doxycycline and Lactobacillus showed a higher biochemical pregnancy rate compared to those who received doxycycline alone, though this difference was not statistically significant (70.37% vs. 64.71%, P=0.313). Furthermore, the incidence rate of premature rupture of membranes was lower in the doxycycline-Lactobacillus group than in the doxycycline group (50.00% vs 33.33%, P=0.037).ConclusionsAlthough this study observed the potential benefits of the antibiotic and vaginal probiotic treatment regimen in increasing the biochemical pregnancy rate and reducing the incidence of premature rupture of membranes, the current findings are insufficient to recommend the combined use of antibiotics and vaginal Lactobacillus as an intervention to improve reproductive outcomes in infertile patients with CE.
Effect of high-intensity intermittent rehabilitation training on physical function, gut microbiome and metabolite after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Jiang Lei , Liu Pu , Wang Mei , Deng Qiufeng , Wang Jiangpeng , Jiang Yan , Zhu Ye , Meng Haoyu , Lu Xiao , Kong Xiangqing , Chen Leilei 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundPostoperative rehabilitation exercise training after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is crucial for coronary heart disease (CHD) patients in restoring health and preventing recurrence, including high-intensity interval training (HIIT). However, the impact of HIIT on cardiopulmonary function, gut microbiome and metabolite remains underexplored.MethodsThis study included 60 patients with CHD who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Participants were divided into two groups: 33 in the moderate-intensity continuous training (MCT) group and 27 in the high-intensity interval training (HIIT) group. We assessed difference between two training in cardiopulmonary function, 6-minute walk test (6MWT) performance, biochemical indicators, plasma metabolites, and gut microbiome feature at baseline and after 3 months training. Furthermore, we analyzed 6MWT association to gut microbiome and metabolites with group differences.ResultsThe 6MWT showed significantly greater improvement in the HIIT group compared to the MCT group (P = 0.0024). Both groups showed reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and increases in peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) after training, but the HIIT group demonstrated a larger effect size in these measures. Moreover, subgroup analysis revealed that patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) in the HIIT group experienced a more substantial increase in VO2 peak compared to the MCT group (P = 0.04). In addition, we identified 29 gut microbial species and 30 plasma metabolites that were differentially enriched between the two groups, with some showing a significant impact on 6MWT performance.ConclusionsHigh-intensity interval training significantly improves 6MWT performance and exercise tolerance in cardiac rehabilitation patients, particularly enhancing VO2 peak in those with a history of MI. HIIT also appears to modulate the gut microbiome, increasing the abundance of Clostridiales and decreasing traumatic acid content, which may contribute to the observed improvements in exercise tolerance.
Enhancing sentiment and intent analysis in public health via fine-tuned Large Language Models on tobacco and e-cigarette-related tweets
Authors: Elmitwalli Sherif , Mehegan John , Gallagher Allen , Alebshehy Raouf 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundAccurate sentiment analysis and intent categorization of tobacco and e-cigarette-related social media content are critical for public health research, yet they necessitate specialized natural language processing approaches.ObjectiveTo compare pre-trained and fine-tuned Flan-T5 models for intent classification and sentiment analysis of tobacco and e-cigarette tweets, demonstrating the effectiveness of pre-training a lightweight large language model for domain specific tasks.MethodsThree Flan-T5 classification models were developed: (1) tobacco intent, (2) e-cigarette intent, and (3) sentiment analysis. Domain-specific datasets with tobacco and e-cigarette tweets were created using GPT-4 and validated by tobacco control specialists using a rigorous evaluation process. A standardized rubric and consensus mechanism involving domain specialists ensured high-quality datasets. The Flan-T5 Large Language Models were fine-tuned using Low-Rank Adaptation and evaluated against pre-trained baselines on the datasets using accuracy performance metrics. To further assess model generalizability and robustness, the fine-tuned models were evaluated on real-world tweets collected around the COP9 event.ResultsIn every task, fine-tuned models performed much better than pre-trained models. Compared to the pre-trained model's accuracy of 0.33, the fine-tuned model achieved an overall accuracy of 0.91 for tobacco intent classification. The fine-tuned model achieved an accuracy of 0.93 for e-cigarette intent, which is higher than the accuracy of 0.36 for the pre-trained model. The fine-tuned model significantly outperformed the pre-trained model's accuracy of 0.65 in sentiment analysis, achieving an accuracy of 0.94 for sentiments.ConclusionThe effectiveness of lightweight Flan-T5 models in analyzing tweets associated with tobacco and e-cigarette is significantly improved by domain-specific fine-tuning, providing highly accurate instruments for tracking public conversation on tobacco and e-cigarette. The involvement of domain specialists in dataset validation ensured that the generated content accurately represented real-world discussions, thereby enhancing the quality and reliability of the results. Research on tobacco control and the formulation of public policy could be informed by these findings.
Leaving against medical advice: a mixed method study to explore the prevalence, causes, and challenges in the emirates health services' hospitals
Authors: Alshamsi Amna I. , Abuquta Alaa , Ibrahim Alaedin , AlSaadi Amna , Altaee Esam , AlAli Najlaa 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThis study investigated the common reasons for leaving against medical advice (LAMA) at Emirates Health Services (EHS) by comparing electronic medical records (EMR) with healthcare professionals' (HCPs) stated reasons and understanding the challenges faced by HCPs in such cases. We also explored patient-related factors associated with LAMA based on HCP interviews to improve patients' outcome.MethodsThis mixed-method study used EMR data and HCP interviews from four EHS public hospitals with LAMA rates of &gt;2%. EMR variables, including nationality, personal and social reasons, financial reasons, sex, and triage classifications, were dummy-coded and tested using the chi-squared test. Twenty interviews were conducted and analyzed using thematic analysis (TA).ResultsQuantitative data revealed that 5,521 patients left against medical advice in the four hospitals over 6 months. The average age of these patients was 35.1 years (SD = 22.4), and 61.3% were male. Personal and social reasons accounted for 65.7% of the patients who opted for LAMA, and 69.9% were classified as triage 3. There was a significant association between Emiratis and non-Emiratis LAMA and triage category reasons X2 (1) = 138.1, p ≤ 0.001. The odds ratios indicated that Emiratis with triage 3–5 were 2.7 times more likely to leave (95% confidence interval: 2.37–3.38) than non-Emiratis. TA identified two main themes as strategies for managing LAMA: reasons for LAMA and outcomes of LAMA.DiscussionThe results highlight the perspective of HCPs on the reasons for LAMA, providing insights for developing interventions to influence patient decisions and enhance health outcomes. Interventions may include enhancing HCP-patient communication and educating patients on adherence to medical advice. In conclusion, EHS needs strategies to improve LAMA among patients despite of their nationality.