bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perturbed Microbial Ecology in Myasthenia Gravis: Evidence from the Gut Microbiome and Fecal Metabolome
Authors: Zheng Peng , Li Yifan , Wu Jing , Zhang Hanping , Huang Yu , Tan Xunmin , Pan Junxi , Duan Jiajia , Liang Weiwei , Yin Bangmin , Deng Fengli , Perry Seth W. , Wong Ma‐Li , Licinio Julio , Wei Hong , Yu Gang , Xie Peng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMyasthenia gravis (MG) is a devastating acquired autoimmune disease. Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiome plays a key role in maintaining immune system homeostasis. This work reports that MG is characterized by decreased α‐phylogenetic diversity, and significantly disturbed gut microbiome and fecal metabolome. The altered gut microbial composition is associated with fecal metabolome changes, with 38.75% of altered bacterial operational taxonomic units showing significant correlations with a range of metabolite biomarkers. Some microbes are particularly linked with MG severity. Moreover, a combination of microbial makers and their correlated metabolites enable discriminating MG from healthy controls (HCs) with 100% accuracy. To investigate whether disturbed gut mcirobiome might contribute to the onset of MG, germ‐free (GF) mice are initially colonized with MG microbiota (MMb) or healthy microbiota (HMb), and then immunized in a classic mouse model of MG. The MMb mice demonstrate substantially impaired locomotion ability compared with the HMb mice. This effect could be reversed by cocolonizing GF mice with both MMb and HMb. The MMb mice also exhibit similar disturbances of fecal metabolic pathways as found in MG. Together these data demonstrate disturbances in microbiome composition and activity that are likely to be relevant to the pathogenesis of MG.
Engineering Multifunctional Collaborative Catalytic Interface Enabling Efficient Hydrogen Evolution in All pH Range and Seawater
Authors: Wu Xianhong , Zhou Si , Wang Zhiyu , Liu Junshan , Pei Wei , Yang Pengju , Zhao Jijun , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDeveloping electrocatalysts with high compatibility to the reaction systems with complicated chemical properties represents an important frontier of catalyst design. Herein, a strategy by engineering a multifunctional collaborative catalytic interface to propel the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the full pH range and seawater is reported. Collaborative catalytic interfaces among MXene, bimetallic carbide, and hybridized carbon are demonstrated to afford overall enhancement in electrical conductivity, exposure of reactive sites, water dissociation kinetics, H+/water adsorption, and intermediate H binding capability, which satisfy highly variable chemical environment for HER under different pH conditions. Therefore, the HER performance of resultant electrocatalysts can compete with commercial Pt/C in 0.5 m H2SO4 or 1.0 m KOH but outperform it under pH 2.2–11.2. They also show exceptional performance for HER in natural seawater with stringent requirements in catalytic activity and stability, exhibiting the best combination of Pt‐like activity, long durability (225 h, 64 times that of Pt/C), and 98% Faradaic efficiency, comparable with commercial Pt/C and the best documented electrocatalysts by far. This work may shed fresh light into the design of effective electrocatalytic interface for regulating the energy chemistry over wide operation conditions, and also inspires the exploration of hydrogen energy utilization technologies and beyond.
Efficiency Improvement of Near‐Stoichiometric CuInSe2 Solar Cells for Application in Tandem Devices
Authors: Feurer Thomas , Carron Romain , Torres Sevilla Galo , Fu Fan , Pisoni Stefano , Romanyuk Yaroslav E. , Buecheler Stephan , Tiwari Ayodhya N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells are grown with considerably substoichiometric Cu concentrations. The resulting defects, as well as potential improvements through increasing the Cu concentration, have been known in the field for many years. However, so far, cells with high Cu concentrations show decreased photovoltaic parameters. In this work, it is shown that RbF postdeposition treatment of CuInSe2 solar cells allows for capturing the benefits from the improved absorber quality with increasing Cu content. A reduced defect density and an increased doping level for cells with high Cu concentrations close to stoichiometry are demonstrated. Implementing a high mobility front transparent conductive oxide (TCO), the improved absorbers with 1.00 eV bandgap yield a solar cell efficiency of 19.2%, and combined with a perovskite top cell a 4‐terminal tandem efficiency of 25.0% are demonstrated, surpassing the record efficiency of both subcell technologies.
Boosting Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation of Hematite in Acidic Electrolytes by Surface State Modification
Authors: Tang Peng‐Yi , Han Li‐Juan , Hegner Franziska Simone , Paciok Paul , Biset‐Peiró Martí , Du Hong‐Chu , Wei Xian‐Kui , Jin Lei , Xie Hai‐Bing , Shi Qin , Andreu Teresa , Lira‐Cantú Mónica , Heggen Marc , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E. , López Núria , Galán‐Mascarós José Ramón , Morante Joan Ramon , Arbiol Jordi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art water‐oxidation catalysts (WOCs) in acidic electrolytes usually contain expensive noble metals such as ruthenium and iridium. However, they too expensive to be implemented broadly in semiconductor photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting devices. Here, an Earth‐abundant CoFe Prussian blue analogue (CoFe‐PBA) is incorporated with core–shell Fe2O3/Fe2TiO5 type II heterojunction nanowires as composite photoanodes for PEC water splitting. Those deliver a high photocurrent of 1.25 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible reference electrode in acidic electrolytes (pH = 1). The enhancement arises from the synergic behavior between the successive decoration of the hematite surface with nanolayers of Fe2TiO5 and then, CoFe‐PBA. The underlying physical mechanism of performance enhancement through formation of the Fe2O3/Fe2TiO5/CoFe‐PBA heterostructure reveals that the surface states’ electronic levels of hematite are modified such that an interfacial charge transfer becomes kinetically favorable. These findings open new pathways for the future design of cheap and efficient hematite‐based photoanodes in acidic electrolytes.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: 2020 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment
Authors: Hallek Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDisease overviewChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the commonest leukemia in western countries. The disease typically occurs in elderly patients and has a highly variable clinical course. Leukemic transformation is initiated by specific genomic alterations that impair apoptosis of clonal B‐cells.DiagnosisThe diagnosis is established by blood counts, blood smears, and immunophenotyping of circulating B‐lymphocytes, which identify a clonal B‐cell population carrying the CD5 antigen, as well as typical B‐cell markers.PrognosisThe two similar clinical staging systems, Rai and Binet, create prognostic information by using results of physical examination and blood counts. Various biological and genetic markers also have prognostic value. Deletions of the short arm of chromosome 17 (del [17p]) and/or mutations of the TP53 gene, predict resistance to chemoimmunotherapy and a shorter time to progression, with most targeted therapies. A comprehensive, international prognostic score (CLL‐IPI) integrates genetic, biological and clinical variables to identify distinct risk groups of CLL patients.TherapyOnly patients with active or symptomatic disease, or with advanced Binet or Rai stages require therapy. When treatment is indicated, several options exist for most CLL patients: a combination of venetoclax with obinutuzumab, ibrutinib monotherapy, or chemoimmunotherapy. For physically fit patients younger than 65 (in particular when presenting with a mutated IGVH gene), chemoimmunotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab remains a standard therapy, since it may have curative potential. At relapse, the initial treatment may be repeated, if the treatment‐free interval exceeds 3 years. If the disease relapses earlier, therapy should be changed using an alternative regimen. Patients with a del (17p) or TP53 mutation are a different, high‐risk category and should be treated with targeted agents. An allogeneic SCT may be considered in relapsing patients with TP53 mutations or del (17p), or patients that are refractory to inhibitor therapy.Future ChallengesTargeted agents (ibrutinib, idelalisib, venetoclax, obinutuzumab) will be increasingly used in combination to allow for short, but potentially definitive therapies of CLL. It remains to be proven that they generate a superior outcome when compared to monotherapies with inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase, which can also yield long‐lasting remissions. Moreover, the optimal sequencing of drug combinations is unknown. Therefore, CLL patients should be treated in clinical trials whenever possible.
Design of Mechanized Nanocomposites for Exploring New Chemical Motions
Authors: Cho Wansu , Park Chiyoung 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe history of organic chemistry has evolved from the discovery of new things to the creation of more complex and unique composites. Mechanized composites are materials constructed by mechanically controlling the structure to obtain other structures or functions through combination. Recent advances in the field have shown that the mechanochemical engineering of polymers has enabled the exploration of new reaction pathways, which is impossible or too complicated to achieve with conventional methods. In addition, molecular machines equipped on nanomaterials exhibit superior or unexpected functions for transport phenomena, which are useful for biomedical and electronic applications. Despite the many contributions toward understanding mechanized nanocomposites, acquiring fundamental knowledge and conducting experiments are still necessary for achieving unexplored applications. Herein, we describe recent advances in mechanized nanocomposites in terms of design for specific applications.
Cobalt Nanoparticles Embedded in N, S Co‐Doped Carbon towards Oxygen Reduction Reaction Derived by in situ Reducing Cobalt Sulfide
Authors: Dong Zhun , Li Mingxuan , Zhang Wanli , Liu Yujie , Wang Yao , Qin Congli , Yu Lei , Yang Juntao , Zhang Xin , Dai Xiaoping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHerein, a novel electrocatalysts of cobalt nanoparticles embedded in N, S co‐doped carbon matrix derived by in situ reducing Co9S8 are designed and prepared successfully through two‐calcination methods, and applied for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Due to the large surface area and pore volume, richness of defects existing the carbon nanotubes, interaction of S species and N species and special direction of electron transfers between Co and S ions, the earth‐abundant and low‐cost CoSMe‐0.5‐800 presents a highly efficient ORR activity and stability. The onset potential, half‐wave potential and limiting current density of CoSMe‐0.5‐800 are 0.95 V, 0.85 V, and 4.31 mA cm−2, which are higher than that of commercial Pt/C (0.93 V, 0.83 V, 4.19 mA cm−2). More importantly, the interaction between N and S heteroatoms in system gets revealed, that S resources can help to improve the degree of N doping and raise the ratio of pyridinic N species working as the active site for ORR. With the increase of S resources, electrons that should have been transferred from cobalt to sulfur have moved in the opposite direction, which has a negative effect on ORR active performance. This work shows the potential to design advanced Co‐based N, S co‐doped catalysts with high electrochemical performance and low cost, which could be applied for fuel cells and other devices.
Cobalt‐Based Catalyst Supported on Different Morphologies of Alumina for Non‐oxidative Propane Dehydrogenation: Effect of Metal Support Interaction and Lewis Acidic Sites
Authors: Dewangan Nikita , Ashok Jangam , Sethia Madhav , Das Sonali , Pati Subhasis , Kus Hidajat , Kawi Sibudjing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDeveloping an economically viable and eco‐friendly catalyst is essential for the dehydrogenation reaction. In this context, cobalt‐based catalysts supported on different morphologies of γ‐Al2O3, nano‐sheet (Al2O3−NS), nano‐fiber (Al2O3−NF) and nano‐plate (Al2O3−NP) were synthesized using wetness impregnation method and tested for non‐oxidative propane dehydrogenation reaction. Metal support interaction and Lewis acidic center play a crucial role in propane dehydrogenation reaction; therefore this study focuses on investigating the role of these parameters on the catalytic activity for cobalt‐based catalysts. A higher metal support interaction was observed in Co/Al2O3−NS as compared to Co/Al2O3−NF and Co/Al2O3−NP. The presence of tetrahedral coordinated Co+2 in Co/Al2O3−NS leads to higher selectivity towards propylene. The formation of metallic cobalt from Co3O4 precursor present in Co/Al2O3−NP promoted side reactions to form lower hydrocarbons and carbon, which caused catalyst deactivation. In‐situ DRIFTS analysis revealed the interaction of propane and propylene gases with the catalyst, which was an important revelation to find the source of carbon deposition.
Fabricating Nitrogen‐Rich Fe−N/C Electrocatalysts through CeO2‐Assisted Pyrolysis for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Bai Suohong , Zhang Xueqiong , Yu Ying , Li Jiefei , Yang Yang , Wei Hang , Chu Haibin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a central process of various energy conversion systems. Yet, searching non‐noble‐metal electrocatalysts with superior ORR performance is still a great challenge. Herein, CeO2‐loaded Fe−N/C catalysts (Fe−N/C−CeO2) were prepared through a facile hydrothermal and pyrolysis method for enhanced ORR properties. The proper amount of CeO2 can induce the anchoring of N species during the pyrolysis process, and increase the N‐containing active sites such as Fe−Nx. Moreover, CeO2 nanoparticles are capable of rapidly reducing the H2O2 intermediate in ORR, further boosting the durability of the catalyst. Consequently, the Fe−N/C−CeO2 (1 %) catalyst delivers prominent ORR performance with a half‐wave potential of 0.862 V and a diffusion limiting current density of 5.51 mA cm−2 in 0.1 M KOH, which is superior than that of the Fe−N/C catalyst, and even comparable to that of commercial Pt/C catalyst. Furthermore, the long‐term stability test of Fe−N/C−CeO2 (1 %) shows a negative shift of just 18 mV of the half‐wave potential after 10000 cycles, which is much smaller than that of the Fe−N/C sample.
Domino Transformations of Ene/Yne Tethered Salicylaldehyde Derivatives: Pluripotent Platforms for the Construction of High sp3 Content and Privileged Architectures
Authors: Sebastian Anusha , Srinivasulu Vunnam , Abu‐Yousef Imad A. , Gorka Orive , Al‐Tel Taleb H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDiversity‐oriented synthesis (DOS) has become a powerful synthetic tool that facilitates the construction of nature‐inspired and privileged chemical space, particularly for sp3‐rich non‐flat scaffolds, which are needed for phenotypic screening campaigns. These diverse compound collections led to the discovery of novel chemotypes that can modulate the protein function in underrepresented biological space. In this context, starting material‐driven DOS is one of the most important tools used to build diverse compound libraries with rich stereochemical and scaffold diversity. To this end, ene/yne tethered salicylaldehyde derivatives have emerged as a pluripotent chemical platform, the products of which led to the construction of a privileged chemical space with significant biological activities. In this review, various domino transformations employing o‐alkene/alkyne tethered aryl aldehyde/ketone platforms are described and discussed, with emphasis on the period from 2011 to date.
Ligand Binding Rate Constants in Heme Proteins Using Markov State Models and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Bringas Mauro , Lombardi Leandro E. , Luque F. Javier , Estrin Darío A. , Capece Luciana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractComputer simulation studies of the molecular basis for ligand migration in proteins allow the description of key events such as the transition between docking sites, displacement of existing ligands and solvent molecules, and open/closure of specific “gates”, among others. In heme proteins, ligand migration from the solvent to the active site preludes the binding to the heme iron and triggers different functions. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations, a Markov State Model of migration and empirical kinetic equations are combined to study the migration of O2 and NO in two truncated hemoglobins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt‐TrHbN and Mt‐TrHbO). For Mt‐TrHbN, we show that the difference in the association constant in the oxy and deoxy states relies mainly in the displacement of water molecules anchored in the distal cavity in the deoxy form. The results here provide a valuable approach to study ligand migration in globins.
Protein Binding to mRNA 3′ Isoforms
Authors: Geisberg Joseph V. , Moqtaderi Zarmik 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHere we describe CLIP‐READS, a technique that combines elements of crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) and 3′ region extraction and deep sequencing (READS), to provide a genome‐wide map of mRNA 3′ isoform binding by a given messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP). In CLIP‐READS, cells are grown to logarithmic phase and are irradiated with UV light (254 nm) to form RNA–protein adducts. The protein−mRNA complexes are immunoprecipitated from cell extracts with an antibody specific to the protein of interest, after which the protein component is digested away with Pronase. Messenger RNAs are then subjected to 3′ READS. An input sample processed by 3′ READS in parallel allows for the relative quantification of isoform‐specific binding by the mRNP of interest. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Pheromone‐binding proteins based phylogenetics and phylogeography of Maruca spp. from Asia, Africa, Oceania, and South America
Authors: Malini Periasamy , Ramasamy Srinivasan , Schafleitner Roland , Muthukalingan Krishnan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVariations in the functional response of legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata) populations to sex pheromone blends were observed in Asia and Africa. Hence, this study was carried out to understand the differences in pheromone‐binding proteins (PBPs) among Maruca populations in Asia, Africa, Oceania, and South America. A de novo transcriptome assembly was adopted to sequence the entire transcribed mRNAs in M. vitrata from Taiwan. The raw‐sequence data were assembled using homologous genes from related organisms in GenBank to detect M. vitrata PBPs (MvitPBPs). Sections of the cDNA of MvitPBP of different length were used to design primers to amplify the full‐length cDNA of PBPs. All three PBP sequences comprised three exons interspersed by two introns. In total, 92 MvitPBP1 haplotypes, 77 MvitPBP2 haplotypes, and 64 MvitPBP3 haplotypes were identified in 105, 98, and 68 Maruca individuals, respectively. High pairwise FST values (0.41–0.73) and phylogenetic analyses distinguished the putative Maruca species in South America from those occurring in rest of the world, and possibly two putative subspecies in Asia and Africa. The haplotype networks and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery analyses also confirmed these results. The negative Tajima's D and Fu's FS values showed the recent demographic expansion of Maruca populations. Thus, this study confirmed the presence of different Maruca species and/or subspecies in different continents based on the diversity within PBP genes. Additional sampling and studies are suggested for Oceania and South America. The genetic differences among Maruca populations should be carefully considered while using sex pheromone lures and bio‐control agents.
Multigene Biomarkers of Pyrethroid Exposure: Exploratory Experiments
Authors: Kostich Mitchell S. , Bencic David C. , Batt Angela L. , See Mary J. , Flick Robert W. , Gordon Denise A. , Lazorchak Jim M. , Biales Adam D. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We describe initial development of microarray-based assays for detecting 4 pyrethroid pesticides (bifenthrin, cypermethrin, esfenvalerate, and permethrin) in water. To facilitate comparison of transcriptional responses with gross apical responses, we estimated concentration–mortality curves for these pyrethroids using flow-through exposures of newly hatched Daphnia magna, Pimephales promelas adults, and 24 h posthatch P. promelas. Median lethal concentration (LC50) estimates were below most reported values, perhaps attributable to the use of flow-through exposures or of measured rather than nominal concentrations. Microarray analysis of whole P. promelas larvae and brains from exposed P. promelas adults showed that assays using either tissue type can detect these pyrethroids at concentrations below LC50 values reported for between 72 and 96% of aquatic species, depending on the pesticide. These estimates are conservative because they correspond to the lowest concentrations tested. This suggests that the simpler and less expensive whole-larval assay provides adequate sensitivity for screening contexts where acute aquatic lethality is observed, but the responsible agent is not known. Gene set analysis (GSA) highlighted several Gene Ontology (GO) terms consistent with known pyrethroid action, but the implications of other GO terms are less clear. Exploration of the sensitivity of results to changes in data processing suggests robustness of the detection assay results, but GSA results were sensitive to methodological variations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2436–2446. Published 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work, and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America
Abstract
Sensitivity of a Pimephales promelas microarray-based classifier to detect a pyrethroid pesticide, expressed as the proportion of aquatic species whose acute median lethal concentration exceeds the detection limit. LOD = limit of detection; SSD = species sensitivity distribution.