bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The process of non-resilience in a spinal cord injury population in Iran: a grounded theory
Authors: Rasa Amir Rahmani , Haghgoo Hojjat Allah , Khankeh Hamidreza , Hosseini Seyed Ali 
Published: July 2018

Aims/Background: Rehabilitation of spinal cord injury focuses on resilience in all aspects of daily living. In order to improve functional outcomes, obstacles to achieving resilience must be recognised. This study explored the process of non-resilience in a spinal cord injury population in Iran. Methods: This qualitative study was part of a grounded theory study. The experiences of 24 participants, including 16 people with spinal cord injury, and 8 people with spinal care experience (3 caregivers, 2 occupational therapists, 1 physiotherapist, 1 social worker and 1 nurse), were explored through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using constant comparative analysis. Findings: Seven main concepts emerged from analysis of the interviews: lack of essential knowledge, dependence, psychosexual preoccupation, confusion, lack of accommodation, inappropriate feedback, and inability to adapt. Social deprivation was found to be the participants' main concern. Conclusion: Resilience requires adaptation in all areas of daily living. Detecting barriers to resilience is important in planning rehabilitation programmes in people with a spinal cord injury. Improving social support for people with a spinal cord injury can promote their mobility within the community and mental health.
Neonatal maladjustment syndrome, the dummy foal: a patient care report
Authors: Feighery Samantha 
Published: July 2018

Neonatal maladjustment syndrome (NMS) is not completely understood, but is linked to variable degrees of hypoxia before or after parturition. This condition can be expected in any foal with a history of premature placental separation; delivery by Caesarean section; prolonged dystocia; premature delivery or foals that have been resuscitated for any reason. Recent studies have shown an association between NMS and a persistence of high concentrations of neurosteroid in the post-natal period. These neurosteroids are thought to be partly responsible for keeping the foal in a sleep like state of unconsciousness while in utero. It is thought that physical pressure on the foal while in the birth canal during a normal delivery signals to the foal to stop producing the sedative inducing neurosteroids, and causes the foal to ‘wake up’. This theory is supported by the fact that NMS appears more frequently in foals with abnormal births. Nursing care in the treatment of the ‘dummy foal’ has an impact on the outcome of the patient. Managing and nursing a recumbent neonate is laborious, time consuming and personnel intensive, and requires proper facilities that can provide 24-hour nursing care.
Isolated medial collateral ligament tears
Authors: Encinas-Ullán Carlos A. , Rodríguez-Merchán E. Carlos 
Published: July 2018

Tears of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) are the most common knee ligament injury. Incomplete tears (grade I, II) and isolated tears (grade III) of the MCL without valgus instability can be treated without surgery, with early functional rehabilitation. Failure of non-surgical treatment can result in debilitating, persistent medial instability, secondary dysfunction of the anterior cruciate ligament, weakness, and osteoarthritis. Reconstruction or repair of the MCL is a relatively uncommon procedure, as non-surgical treatment is often successful at returning patients to their prior level of function. Acute repair is indicated in isolated grade III tears with severe valgus alignment, MCL entrapment over pes anserinus, or intra-articular or bony avulsion. The indication for primary repair is based on the resulting quality of the native ligament and the time since the injury. Primary repair of the MCL is usually performed within 7 to 10 days after the injury. Augmentation repair for the superficial MCL (sMCL) is a surgical technique that can be used when the resulting quality of the native ligament makes primary repair impossible. Reconstruction is indicated when MCL injuries fail to heal in neutral or varus alignment. Reconstruction might be advisable to correct chronic instability. Chronic, medial-sided knee injuries with valgus misalignment should be treated with a two-stage approach. A distal femoral osteotomy should be performed first, followed by reconstruction of the medial knee structures.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:398-407. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170035
Functional Recovery of a Locomotor Network after Injury: Plasticity beyond the Central Nervous System
Authors: Puhl Joshua G. , Bigelow Anthony W. , Rue Mara C. P. , Mesce Karen A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMany animals depend on descending information from the brain for the initiation and proper execution of locomotion. Interestingly, after injury and the loss of such inputs, locomotor function can sometimes be regained without the regrowth of central connections. In the medicinal leech,Hirudo verbana, we have shown that crawling reemerges after removal of descending inputs. Here, we studied the mechanisms underlying this return of locomotion by asking if central pattern generators (CPGs) in crawl-recovered leeches are sufficient to produce crawl-specific intersegmental coordination. From recovered animals, we treated isolated chains of ganglia with dopamine to activate the crawl CPGs (one crawl CPG per ganglion) and observed fictive crawl-like bursting in the dorsal-longitudinal-excitor motoneuron (DE-3), an established crawl-monitor neuron. However, these preparations did not exhibit crawl-specific coordination across the CPGs. Although the crawl CPGs always generated bidirectional activation of adjacent CPGs, we never observed crawl-appropriate intersegmental phase delays. Because central circuits alone were unable to organize crawl-specific coordination, we tested the coordinating role of the peripheral nervous system. In transected leeches normally destined for recovery, we removed afferent information to the anterior-most (lead) ganglion located below the nerve-cord transection site. In these dually treated animals, overt crawling was greatly delayed or prevented. After filling the peripheral nerves with Neurobiotin tracer distal to the nerve-root lesion, we found a perfect correlation between regrowth of peripheral neuronal fibers and crawl recovery. Our study establishes that during recovery after injury, crawl-specific intersegmental coordination switches to a new dependence on afferent information.
Genomics-Assisted Identification and Characterization of the Genetic Variants Underlying Differential Nitrogen Use Efficiencies in Allotetraploid Rapeseed Genotypes
Authors: Hua Ying-peng , Zhou Ting , Liao Qiong , Song Hai-xing , Guan Chun-yun , Zhang Zhen-hua 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a non-mineral macronutrient essential for plant growth and development. Oilseed rape (AnAnCnCn, 2n = 4x = 38) has a high requirement for N nutrients whereas showing the lowest N use efficiency (NUE) among crops. The mechanisms underlying NUE regulation in Brassica napus remain unclear because of genome complexity. In this study, we performed high-depth and -coverage whole-genome re-sequencing (WGS) of an N-efficient (higher NUE) genotype “XY15” and an N-inefficient (lower NUE) genotype “814” of rapeseed. More than 687 million 150-bp paired-end reads were generated, which provided about 93% coverage and 50× depth of the rapeseed genome. Applying stringent parameters, we identified a total of 1,449,157 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 335,228 InDels, 175,602 structure variations (SVs) and 86,280 copy number variations (CNVs) between the N-efficient and -inefficient genotypes. The largest proportion of various DNA polymorphisms occurred in the inter-genic regions. Unlike CNVs, the SNP/InDel and SV polymorphisms showed variation bias of the An and Cn subgenomes, respectively. Gene ontology analysis showed the genetic variants were mapped onto the genes involving N compound transport and ATPase complex metabolism, but not including N assimilation-related genes. On basis of identification of N-starvation responsive genes through high-throughput expression profiling, we also mapped these variants onto some key NUE-regulating genes, and validated their significantly differential expression between the N-efficient and -inefficient genotypes through qRT-PCR assays. Our data provide genome-wide high resolution DNA variants underlying NUE divergence in allotetraploid rapeseed genotypes, which would expedite the effective identification and functional validation of key NUE-regulating genes through genomics-assisted improvement of crop nutrient efficiency.
Genome-Wide Association and Regional Heritability Mapping of Plant Architecture, Lodging and Productivity inPhaseolus vulgaris
Authors: Resende Rafael T , de Resende Marcos Deon V , Azevedo Camila F , Fonseca e Silva Fabyano , Melo Leonardo C , Pereira Helton S , Souza Thiago Lívio P O , Valdisser Paula Arielle M R , Brondani Claudio , Vianello Rosana Pereira 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe availability of high-density molecular markers in common bean has allowed to explore the genetic basis of important complex agronomic traits with increased resolution. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Regional Heritability Mapping (RHM) are two analytical approaches for the detection of genetic variants. We carried out GWAS and RHM for plant architecture, lodging and productivity across two important growing environments in Brazil in a germplasm of 188 common bean varieties using DArTseq genotyping strategies. The coefficient of determination of G × E interaction (c2int) was equal to 17, 21 and 41%, respectively for the traits architecture, lodging, and productivity. Trait heritabilities were estimated at 0.81 (architecture), 0.79 (lodging) and 0.43 (productivity), and total genomic heritability accounted for large proportions (72% to ≈100%) of trait heritability. At the same probability threshold, three marker–trait associations were detected using GWAS, while RHM detected eight QTL encompassing 145 markers along five chromosomes. The proportion of genomic heritability explained by RHM was considerably higher (35.48 to 58.02) than that explained by GWAS (28.39 to 30.37). In general, RHM accounted for larger fractions of the additive genetic variance being captured by markers effects inside the defined regions. Nevertheless, a considerable proportion of the heritability is still missing (∼42% to ∼64%), probably due to LD between markers and genes and/or rare allele variants not sampled. RHM in autogamous species had the potential to identify larger-effect QTL combining allelic variants that could be effectively incorporated into whole-genome prediction models and tracked through breeding generations using marker-assisted selection.
An Educational Intervention to Improve Inpatient Documentation of High-risk Diagnoses by Pediatric Residents
Authors: Kulkarni Deepa , Heath Jayme , Kosack Amanda , Jackson Nicholas J. , Crummey Audrey 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVES:
Diagnoses extracted from physician notes are used to calculate hospital quality metrics; failure to document high-risk diagnoses may lead to the appearance of worse-than-expected outcomes for complex patients. Academic hospitals often rely on documentation authored by trainees, yet residents receive little training in this regard. In this study, we evaluate inpatient pediatric resident notes to determine which high-risk diagnoses are commonly missed and assess the efficacy of a multitiered intervention to improve the documentation of these diagnoses.

METHODS:
In a baseline review of 220 charts, 13 frequently missed high-risk diagnoses were identified in 2013. Interventions began in 2014, including physician education and reference cards. The intervention also included note template prompts for 4 of the diagnoses. Using a standardized rubric, we reviewed charts for 3 years (2013, 2014, and 2015). The average within-disease probability of missed high-risk diagnoses was compared across time.

RESULTS:
There was a decrease in the probability of undocumented target high-risk diagnoses after the intervention (52% vs 36% in 2014 [odds ratio = 0.51; P &lt; .001] and 37% in 2015 [odds ratio = 0.50; P &lt; .001]). Documentation of diagnoses prompted by the note template was not significantly better than those targeted by the other interventions alone (P = .55).

CONCLUSIONS:
Pediatric residents were significantly less likely to omit a high-risk diagnosis in their notes after implementation of our documentation improvement program, suggesting that curriculum development is an effective method of improving documentation, with the goal of improving the accuracy of health systems performance indices.
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF PROTEINS IN COOKED SAUSAGES WITH FOOD COMPOSITIONS
Authors: Fursik O. , Strashynskiy I. , Pasichny V. , Kochubei-Lytvynenko О. 
Published: July 2018

. In the article, the data are given of research carried out in vitro to determine the amino acid composition and the degree of digestibility of the reference and experimental samples of cooked sausage, with the use of the protein-containing composition developed. The protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) has been calculated to clarify the assimilation of amino acids that enter the body as part of proteins in experimental cooked sausage samples.It has been established that replacing a part of the meat raw material with the protein-containing composition in the formula of cooked sausages does not affect significantly the amino acid composition of the finished product. The addition of mechanically deboned poultry meat reduces the amount of such essential amino acids as isoleucine by 68 %, compared with the control formula, leucine by 38 %, and valine by 48 %. At the same time, the content of lysine significantly increases by 1.5 times. The in vitro index of digestibility for an experimental sample of cooked sausages with protein-containing composition at the pepsinolysis stage is slightly reduced compared with the reference sample (by an average of 7 %). At the second stage of hydrolysis (trypsin enzyme), this parameter does not differ from the reference one. During the two stages of hydrolysis, this parameter, with mechanically deboned poultry meat introduced, decreased by an average of 20 %, compared with the reference sample.Calculated PDCAAS has allowed establishing that the true efficiency of proteins in cooked sausages is different from the in vitro index of digestibility, which is due to the presence of limiting values of the essential amino acids content in the product.
An Analysis of the Regulatory Environment Governing Hearsay Electronic Evidence in South Africa: Suggestions for Reform – Part One
Authors: Swales Lee 
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this two-part article is to examine the regulatory environment governing hearsay electronic evidence – with a view to providing clear, practical suggestions for regulatory reform in the context of the South African Law Reform Commission's most recent Discussion Paper on electronic evidence.
Technology has become an indispensable part of modern life.Â In particular, the internet has facilitated new forms of business enterprise, and shifted basic communication norms.Â From a legal perspective, technology has presented several novel challenges for courts and practitioners to deal with – one of these key challenges relates to electronic evidence, and in particular, the application of the hearsay rule to the digital environment.
The South African Law Reform Commission has identified the application of the hearsay rule as one of the core concerns with regard to electronic evidence and certain academic analysis has revealed inefficiency with the current legal position which may involve multiple sources of law. Moreover, the Law Society of South Africa has stated that there is some confusion amongst members of the profession in relation to hearsay as it applies to electronic evidence.
With the pervasive and burgeoning nature of technology and the internet in mind, it is natural to assume that electronic evidence will be relevant in most forms of legal proceedings in the future, and hearsay electronic evidence in particular will play an increasingly important role in years to come.
Consequently, this two-part article will seek to summarise and comment on the proposed anomaly with regard to the key definition insofar as electronic evidence is concerned – data messages – and discuss how the proposed version of the Cybercrimes and Cybersecurity Bill (B6-2017), read together with Electronic Communications and Transactions Act No. 25 of 2002 (ECT Act) will leave South Africa with conflicting definitions of this term.Â
Further, this article will analyse whether electronic evidence (data messages) can constitute hearsay within the meaning of section 3 of the Law of Evidence Amendment Act 45 of 1988; examine whether section 15 of the ECT Act should liberate electronic evidence from hearsay considerations; consider how real electronic evidence should be treated (as opposed to documentary hearsay evidence); consider the interaction of the statutory exceptions to the hearsay rule in the context of electronic evidence; analyse several analogous foreign jurisdictions – and consider how these jurisdictions treat hearsay electronic evidence; and finally, to conclude with several suggestions for law reform in the context of the SA Law Reform Commission Discussion Paper 131 Review of the Law of Evidence (2014).
Predicción de la reducción del impacto térmico en un edificio con doble pared
Authors: Berli Marcelo Eduardo , Brondino Agustín , Di Paolo José 
Published: July 2018

En la ciudad de Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz, Argentina, se está construyendo un edificio de altura que incluye elementos de arquitectura sustentable, eficiencia energética y confort logrado en base a la utilización de recursos naturales. Particularmente, un diseño de doble fachada en los frentes que dan al exterior para lograr una cámara de aire que impida la transferencia térmica desde el exterior al interior en verano y al revés en invierno. Este trabajo presenta un estudio numérico de la evaluación de la performance térmica de la cavidad interpuesta en la doble fachada del edificio, para distintas condiciones climáticas, considerando dos alternativas de diseño: cámara de aire cerrada y cámara de aire conectada con el exterior. Ambos casos se comparan con la situación de inexistencia de la cámara, cuya transferencia de energía térmica se constituye en el caso patrón. Los resultados muestran que para las condiciones de verano, la cavidad con conexión al exterior sería la más recomendable, mientras que para el invierno, la cavidad cerrada es más apta para el ahorro de energía.
Entrevista com a legendista profissional Melina Agresta / Interview with professional subtitler Melina Agresta
Authors: Vitor da Silva Janailton Mick , Harden Alessandra 
Published: July 2018

RESUMO: Melina Agresta é legendista há oito anos. Nesse período, já legendou filmes, séries, documentários, entre outros vídeos, para clientes como Netflix, HBO e Universal, fazendo uso de softwares em plataformas Cloud. Na entrevista concedida à revista Texto Livre: Linguagem e Tecnologia, a legendista fala um pouco sobre sua experiência profissional e faz avaliações críticas sobre essa profissão. Entre os pontos destacados, Melina admite que o tradutor de legendas é um profissional criativo e visível, cujo estilo pode ser impresso nas legendas a partir da escolha de palavras, do registro linguístico adotado e dos procedimentos utilizados para traduzir expressões para a cultura alvo. A legendista afirma ainda que, se por um lado a legendagem propicia ao tradutor um trabalho dinâmico, por outro os prazos e as normas a serem seguidos dificultam a atuação desse profissional.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: tradução; legendista; legendagem. ABSTRACT:Melina Agresta has been a subtitler for eight years. Over this period, she has subtitled movies, TV series, documentaries, among other videos, to be streamed on Netflix, HBO and Universal, by making use of Cloud-based software. In the interview given to the journal Texto Livre: Linguagem e Tecnologia, the subtitler writes about her professional experience and makes critical evaluations on this profession. Among her highlights, Melina admits that the subtitles translator is a creative and visible professional, whose style can be fingerprinted on his/her subtitles through the choice of words, the linguistic register adopted and the procedures used to render expressions in the target culture. Furthermore, Melina adds that, although subtitling is a dynamic experience, it likewise hinders the subtitler’s performance due to strict deadlines and norms.KEYWORDS: translation; subtitler; subtitling.
Chope dos Mortos – a tradução de jogos de palavras em um estudo direcionado pelo corpus / Beer Hall of the Dead – the translation of puns in a corpus-driven study
Authors: Silva Nilson Roberto Barros da 
Published: July 2018

RESUMO: Este trabalho discute a tradução de jogos de palavras (JPs) na direção português-inglês, mais especificamente o JP intitulado ‘Chope dos Mortos’, que faz parte do romance O xangô de Baker Street (SOARES, 1995). O artigo é o recorte de nossa tese de doutorado, e tem como objetivo analisar a tradução do JP citado para a língua inglesa. Utiliza-se da abordagem teórico-metodológica da Linguística de Corpus para selecionar o JP como dado a ser analisado na pesquisa e identifica-se como um estudo direcionado pelo corpus, conforme discutido por Tognini-Bonelli (2001). A análise baseia-se principalmente nas estratégias de tradução de JPs apresentadas por Delabastita (1996) e considera, dentre outras, as postulações de Raskin (1985) e Attardo (1994). Como resultado, verifica-se que as estratégias de tradução usadas para recriar (traduzir) o JP em inglês são compatíveis com a estratégia JP → JP, em que um JP é traduzido por outro na língua-alvo, sendo permitidas diferenças em termos de estrutura formal, estrutura semântica ou função textual.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: tradução; jogos de palavras; Linguística de Corpus. ABSTRACT: This study discusses the translation of puns in the Portuguese-English direction, more specifically the pun 'Beer hall of the dead', which is part of the novel O xangô de Baker Street (SOARES, 1995), translated into English as 'A samba for Sherlock'. The article derives from our doctoral thesis, and aims to analyze the translation of the pun into the English language. It uses the theoretical-methodological approach of Corpus Linguistics to select puns as data to be analyzed and is characterized as a 'corpus-driven approach' as discussed by Tognini-Bonelli (2001). The analysis is based mainly on the strategies of pun translation presented by Delabastita (1996) and takes into account theoretical conceptions of Raskin (1985) and Attardo (1994). As a result, it verifies that the translation strategies used to recreate the pun in English are compatible with the PUN → PUN strategy, in which a pun is translated by another one in the target language, being allowed differences in terms of formal structure, semantic structure, or textual function.KEYWORDS: translation; puns; Corpus Linguistics.