bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Different Silica Nanoparticles on Drop Size Distributions in Agitated Liquid‐Liquid Systems
Authors: Röhl Susanne , Hohl Lena , Kempin Maresa , Enders Frauke , Jurtz Nico , Kraume Matthias 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe impact of different silica nanoparticles on rheology, interfacial tension and drop size distributions in liquid‐liquid systems is determined experimentally. The particles vary in wettability and specific surface area. In contrast to commonly used high‐energy devices for Pickering emulsion preparation, low energy input by stirring allows to quantify drop breakage and coalescence in steady state and dynamic conditions. The experiments can provide essential information for drop size model development in nanoparticle‐stabilized emulsions.
Systemic treatments in MDM2 positive intimal sarcoma: A multicentre experience with anthracycline, gemcitabine, and pazopanib within the World Sarcoma Network
Authors: Frezza Anna Maria , Assi Tarek , Lo Vullo Salvatore , Ben‐Ami Eytan , Dufresne Armelle , Yonemori Kan , Noguchi Emi , Siontis Brittany , Ferraro Richard , Teterycz Pawel , Duffaud Florence , Ravi Vinod , Vincenzi Bruno , Gelderblom Hans , Pantaleo Maria A. , Baldi Giacomo G. , Desar Ingrid , Fedenko Alexander , Maki Robert G. , Jones Robin L. , Benjamin Robert S. , Blay Jean Yves , Kawai Akira , Gounder Mrinal , Gronchi Alessandro , Le Cesne Axel , Mir Olivier , Czarnecka Anna M. , Schuetze Scott , Wagner Andrew J. , Adam Julien , Barisella Marta , Sbaraglia Marta , Hornick Jason L. , Meurgey Alexandra , Mariani Luigi , Casali Paolo G. , Thornton Katherine , Stacchiotti Silvia 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundIntimal sarcoma (InS) is an exceedingly rare neoplasm with an unfavorable prognosis, for which new potentially active treatments are under development. We report on the activity of anthracycline‐based regimens, gemcitabine‐based regimens, and pazopanib in patients with InS.MethodsSeventeen sarcoma reference centers in Europe, the United States, and Japan contributed data to this retrospective analysis. Patients with MDM2‐positive InS who were treated with anthracycline‐based regimens, gemcitabine‐based regimens, or pazopanib between October 2001 and January 2018 were selected. Local pathological review was performed to confirm diagnosis. Response was assessed by RECIST1.1. Recurrence‐free survival (RFS), progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival were computed by Kaplan‐Meier method.ResultsSeventy‐two patients were included (66 anthracycline‐based regimens; 26 gemcitabine‐based regimens; 12 pazopanib). In the anthracycline‐based group, 24 (36%) patients were treated for localized disease, and 42 (64%) patients were treated for advanced disease. The real‐world overall response rate (rwORR) was 38%. For patients with localized disease, the median RFS was 14.6 months. For patients with advanced disease, the median PFS was 7.7 months. No anthracycline‐related cardiac toxicity was reported in patients with cardiac InS (n = 26). For gemcitabine and pazopanib, the rwORR was 8%, and the median PFS was 3.2 and 3.7 months, respectively.ConclusionThis retrospective series shows the activity of anthracycline‐based regimens in InS. Of note, anthracyclines were used in patients with cardiac InS with no significant cardiac toxicity. The prognosis in patients with InS remains poor, and new active drugs and treatment strategies are needed.
Modeling the distribution of a wide‐ranging invasive species using the sampling efforts of expert and citizen scientists
Authors: Roy‐Dufresne Emilie , Saltré Frédérik , Cooke Brian D. , Mellin Camille , Mutze Greg , Cox Tarnya , Fordham Damien A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In its invasive range in Australia, the European rabbit threatens the persistence of native flora and fauna and damages agricultural production. Understanding its distribution and ecological niche is critical for developing management plans to reduce populations and avoid further biodiversity and economic losses.
We developed an ensemble of species distribution models (SDMs) to determine the geographic range limits and habitat suitability of the rabbit in Australia. We examined the advantage of incorporating data collected by citizens (separately and jointly with expert data) and explored issues of spatial biases in occurrence data by implementing different approaches to generate pseudo‐absences. We evaluated the skill of our model using three approaches: cross‐validation, out‐of‐region validation, and evaluation of the covariate response curves according to expert knowledge of rabbit ecology.
Combining citizen and expert occurrence data improved model skill based on cross‐validation, spatially reproduced important aspects of rabbit ecology, and reduced the need to extrapolate results beyond the studied areas.
Our ensemble model projects that rabbits are distributed across approximately two thirds of Australia. Annual maximum temperatures >25°C and annual minimum temperatures >10°C define, respectively, the southern and northern most range limits of its distribution. In the arid and central regions, close access to permanent water (≤~ 0.4 km) and reduced clay soil composition (~20%–50%) were the major factors influencing the probability of occurrence of rabbits.
Synthesis and applications. Our results show that citizen science data can play an important role in managing invasive species by providing missing information on occurrences in regions not surveyed by experts because of logistics or financial constraints. The additional sampling effort provided by citizens can improve the capacity of SDMs to capture important elements of a species ecological niche, improving the capacity of statistical models to accurately predict the geographic range of invasive species.
Lipid Composition and State of Oxidation of Fortified Infant Flours in Low‐Income Countries Are Not Optimal and Strongly Affected by the Time of Storage
Authors: Moustiés Célia , Bourlieu Claire , Barea Bruno , Servent Adrien , Alter Pascaline , Lebrun Marc , Hemery Youna Morgane , Laillou Arnaud , Avallone Sylvie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFood fortification is widely used to address the public health problem of nutrient deficiencies. This study's purpose is to assess the lipid profile and nutritional quality of 13 fortified infant flours (FI) collected “in the field” in Africa and Asia after different periods of storage. The lipid content, fatty acid profiles, lipophilic vitamin content, and lipid oxidation state (peroxide values, secondary oxidation products) are determined. Mycotoxins and packaging materials are also characterized. The lipid content averages 9.1 ± 3.5 g/100 g. Fatty acid profiles are dominated by linoleic (43.3 ± 8.8%), oleic (29.5 ± 7.4%), and palmitic acid (17.8 ± 6.7%) and result in an average ω6/ω3 ratio of 12.2 ± 5.9 but with high values for some FI. Very high overages in vitamins A, D, and E are observed in products stored for short periods (1–6 months), whereas FI stored for more than 12 months has insufficient vitamin content. Lipid oxidation is acceptable but for six products presenting excessive peroxide values. Most products are contaminated by low amounts of mycotoxins but only two FI do not abide by the regulation. A strong correlation between peroxide values, hexanal content, and time of storage is observed.Practical Applications: The expiration dates for FI commercialized in low‐income countries should be shortened from 36 to 12 months so as to guarantee their nutritional quality of these functional foods and to abide by the fortified infant flour legislation. Indeed, FI quality significantly decreases over time of storage. The use of high barrier packaging materials must be generalized, although it is a necessary criterion but not sufficient to ensure the long‐term stability of FI. Special attention should be given to reduce lipophilic vitamin overages and to improve their lipid profile, especially the ω6/ω3 ratio, which has to be lower than 15.
Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy Reveals Brain Hypoxia and Cerebrovascular Dysregulation in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: Duszynski Chris C. , Avati V. , Lapointe A.P. , Scholkmann F. , Dunn J.F. , Swain M.G. 
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune cholestatic liver disease linked to symptoms including fatigue and altered mood/cognition, indicating that chronic liver inflammation associated with PBC can impact brain function. We employed near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a noninvasive neuroimaging technique, to determine whether patients with PBC exhibit reduced cerebral oxygen saturation (StO2) and altered patterns of microvascular cerebral blood perfusion and whether these alterations were associated with clinical phenotype. This observational case–control study was conducted at a tertiary hospital clinic (University of Calgary Liver Unit).

Approach and Results
Thirteen female patients with noncirrhotic PBC, seven female patients with cirrhotic PBC, and 11 healthy female controls were recruited by physician referral and word of mouth, respectively. NIRS was used to measure cerebral hemoglobin and oxygen saturation. A wavelet phase coherence method was used to estimate the coherent frequency coupling of temporal changes in cerebral hemodynamics. The PBC group demonstrated significantly reduced cerebral StO2 (P = 0.01, d = 0.84), indicating cerebral hypoxia, significantly increased cerebral deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration (P < 0.01, d = 0.86), and significantly reduced hemodynamic coherence in the low‐frequency band (0.08‐0.15 Hz) for oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (P = 0.02, d = 0.99) and total hemoglobin (tHb) concentration (P = 0.02, d = 0.50), indicating alterations in cerebrovascular activity. Complete biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy in early patients with PBC was associated with increased cerebral tHb concentration and decreased hemodynamic coherence.

Conclusions
Using NIRS, patients with PBC were found to have hypoxia, increased cerebral hemoglobin concentration, and altered cerebrovascular activity, which were reversed in part in UDCA responders. In addition, symptoms and quality‐of‐life measures did not correlate with brain hypoxia or cerebrovascular dysregulation in patients with PBC.
Ribosomal protein small subunit 15A (RPS15A) inhibits the apoptosis of breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cells via upregulating phosphorylated ERK1/2, Bad, and Chk1
Authors: Kong Lingsuo , Wei Qing , Hu Xianwen , Chen Lanren , Li Juan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo detect the expression and identify the role of Ribosomal protein S15A (RPS15A) in human breast cancer (BC).MethodsImmunohistochemistry (IHC) was carried out for detecting the levels of RPS15A protein. Quantitative PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA level of RPS15A in one normal breast and three BC cell lines. Lentivirus‐mediated shRNA targeting RPS15A was designed to investigate the impact of silencing RPS15A in MDA‐MB‐231 cell.ResultsHigher RPS15A expression was detected in tumor tissues than in para‐cancer tissues, and higher RPS15A expression was related to larger tumor size and higher TNM stage. Also, RPS15A mRNA expression in all three BC cell lines was higher than that in normal breast cell (all P < .005). Further, RPS15A knockdown significantly suppressed MDA‐MB‐231 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Moreover, RPS15A knockdown increased the caspase‐3/‐7 activity, and suppressed the phosphorylated levels of ERK1/2, Bad, and Chk1 (all P < .01).ConclusionRPS15A inhibits apoptosis via upregulating phosphorylated ERK1/2, Bad, and Chk1 in MDA‐MB‐231 cell line.
Mesenchymal stem cells combined with traditional Chinese medicine (qi‐fang‐bi‐min‐tang) alleviates rodent allergic rhinitis
Authors: Fu Yanxia , Kong Yanhua , Li Jun , Wang Yi , Li Mengdi , Wang Ying , Wang Yinyin , Ren Fangli , Ni Jian , Li Youlin , Chang Zhijie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proved to exert anti‐inflammatory effects and regulate immune reactions. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), qi‐fang‐bi‐min‐tang, is effective for some patients with allergic diseases. However, it remains unclear whether MSCs combined with TCM could benefit the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). In this study, we reported an additional effect of TCM (qi‐fang‐bi‐min‐tang) on the therapy of AR under MSCs treatment. Intriguingly, we observed that TCM‐treated MSCs significantly inhibited the symptoms of AR and reduced the pathological changes of nasal mucosa in ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced rats. The expression levels of interferon γ (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐17 (IL‐17), and IL‐4 were significantly decreased in the plasma of AR rats after injection of TCM‐treated MSCs. TCM‐treated MSCs reduced the levels of histamine secreted by mast cells and immunoglobulin E (IgE) secreted by plasma cells. In addition, we found that MSCs combined with TCM had a better therapeutic effect than TCM alone on AR in an OVA‐induced mouse model. After OVA induction, MSCs combined with TCM significantly reduced the ratio of T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17, but increased the proportion of Treg in the spleen of mice. Consistently, the expression levels of IFN‐γ, IL‐4, and IL‐17 were significantly decreased, but transforming growth factor‐β1 was significantly increased in the plasma of AR mice after treated with TCM and MSCs. Our results from both rats and mice indicated that the effects of TCM combined with MSCs on the AR might be through regulating the secretion of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines. This study suggested that TCM (qi‐fang‐bi‐min‐tang)‐treated MSCs could be used in the clinical therapy of AR.
Identification of key candidate genes in neuropathic pain by integrated bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Tang Simin , Jing Huan , Huang Zhenxing , Huang Teng , Lin Sen , Liao Meijuan , Zhou Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to disclose differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) of neuropathic pain (NP) from spared nerve injury (SNI) model, thereby identifying specific and meaningful genetic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of NP. The GSE89224 was downloaded from the GEO database. DEGs were screened using the GEO2R online tool. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs was then performed using the DAVID and constructed using the R ggplot2 package. Protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed from the STRING database and visualized in Cytoscape software. MicroRNA targeting these DEGs was obtained from the TarBase and miRTarBase database, while transcription factor (TF)‐targeting DEGs were predicted from the ENCODE database, both of which utilized the visual analytics platform NetworkAnayst. Finally, a merged microRNA‐TF network was constructed based on the above two networks and was then analyzed with Cytoscape. Eighty DEGs were screened, only Vstm2b and Htr3a were downregulated and 78 genes were upregulated. The real‐time polymerase chain reaction was applied to validate the gene expression of the top five DEGs (Npy, Atf3, Gpr151, Sprr1a, and Cckbr) in the DRG tissue 5 days after SNI surgery. It was found that Npy, Atf3, and Sprr1a have a significant increase after SNI stimulation, while Gpr151 and Cckbr showed a slight upward trend. Functional analysis was performed on all DEGs, of which 58 biological processes were enriched by gene ontology analysis, and 11 signaling pathways were enriched by KEGG analysis. In the PPI network, Atf3, Jun, Timp, and Npy had a higher degree. Thus, combined with various bioinformatic analyses, Npy and Atf3 may serve as the prognostic and therapeutic targets of NP. Key microRNA (mmu‐mir‐16‐5p) and TF (MEF2A) were predicted to be associated with the pathogenetic process of NP with microRNA‐TF regulatory network analysis, which were also identified as key regulators in the progression of NP.
CHI3L1 promotes proliferation and improves sensitivity to cetuximab in colon cancer cells by down‐regulating p53
Authors: Liu Kaitai , Jin Ming , Ye Shuang , Yan Senxiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundChitinase 3‐like protein 1 (CHI3L1) is most likely a malignant tumor metastasis‐associated gene. However, the functions of CHI3L1 in colon cancer cell proliferation and its cetuximab sensitivity are still unclear. We aimed to investigate the mechanism of CHI3L1 in promoting colon cancer cell proliferation and its sensitivity to cetuximab.MethodsThe expression of CHI3L1 in colon cancer and adjacent tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. CHI3L1 was overexpressed in colon cancer cell lines by lentiviral technology. Cell proliferation and sensitivity to cetuximab were measured by MTT assay, cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, and expression of cell cycle‐related proteins was analyzed by immunoblotting.ResultsThe results showed that the level of CHI3L1 in colon cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissue, which was also correlated with overall survival. The cell proliferation rate was significantly increased after overexpression of CHI3L1, and the sensitivity to cetuximab was significantly increased. The expression of p53 was down‐regulated while the EGFR was up‐regulated significantly in CHI3L1 overexpressed cells. When rescued the expression of p53 in HCT116‐CHI3L1 cells, the cell proliferation and sensitivity to cetuximab could be restored.ConclusionHigh levels of CHI3L1 are associated with poor prognosis and accelerate the proliferation of colon cancer cells and increase the sensitivity to cetuximab. Its mechanism of increasing the cell proliferation and sensitivity to cetuximab may be explained by down‐regulating p53 expression and then, up‐regulating the expression of EGFR.
Role of liraglutide in brain repair promotion through Sirt1‐mediated mitochondrial improvement in stroke
Authors: He Weiliang , Wang Haoyuan , Zhao Congying , Tian Xiaochao , Li Litao , Wang Hebo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBrain repair, especially axonal sprouting, is critical to restore motor function in disabled stroke patients. Liraglutide (LG) is a new kind of long‐acting analogue of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and has potential protective effects in stroke. The mitochondria participate in brain repair after cerebral injury. However, the mechanism of the effect of LG on brain repair and its potential influence on mitochondria in stroke remains obscure. Here, in focal cerebral cortical ischemic mice model, LG improved the motor functional recovery and promoted axonal sprouting by restoring the activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase, α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase. Moreover, LG remarkably increased the cell survival rate and revived the NeuN and GAP‐43 levels in cortical neurons under hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure. It was also observed that LG reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species, stabilized the mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced the levels of adenosine triphosphate, enhanced activities of mitochondrial complex‐I, and decreased protein expression levels of fission‐1 in H2O2‐injured cortical neurons. Additionally, LG suppressed the expressions of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) in cortical neurons exposed to H2O2. Furthermore, knockdown of Sirt1 by short interfering RNA facilitated the LG‐mediated mitochondrial protection in cortical neurons under H2O2. Collectively, this data from the present study illustrated that LG exerted a promoting influence on brain repair, after cerebral ischemic injury, through Sirt1‐mediated mitochondrial improvement.
Effect of Aromatase Inhibition (Exemestane) on Urine Concentration of Osteoprotegerin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Garcia Allison P. , Hatvany Jacob B. , Murphy Michael A. , Atchley Daniel H. , Gurley Bill J. , Kamdem Landry K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis pilot study examined how exemestane (an aromatase inhibitor [AI]) affected osteoprotegerin (OPG) urine concentrations in postmenopausal women. Exemestane (25 mg, single dose) was given to 14 disease‐free women past menopause in this nonrandomized, open‐label study. Before dosing, urine specimens were gathered. Three days later, these women returned to provide urine specimens for pharmacokinetic (measurement of major parent drug and enzymatic product) and pharmacodynamic (profiling of OPG) analysis. Urine concentrations of the major parent drug (exemestane) and enzymatic product (17‐hydroexemestane) were quantified using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. An analyst software package was used for data processing. Following the manufacturer's guidelines, OPG urine concentrations were quantified using a human osteoprotegerin TNFRSF11b ELISA kit from Sigma‐Aldrich. A microplate reader helped to carry out OPG data analysis and processing. Our results highlight that OPG urine concentrations were decreased 3 days after drug dosage (mean predosage OPG concentration, 61.4 ± 24.1 pg/mL; vs mean postdosage OPG concentration, 45.7 ± 22.1 pg/mL; P = .02, Wilcoxon rank test). Among the 14 volunteers enrolled in the study, 4 subjects had an increase of less than 1‐fold, and the rest showed an average of a 2‐fold decrease in OPG concentration (range, 1.1‐5.4; standard deviation, 1.3) after exemestane administration. There was no association between fold decrease in OPG urine concentration and the pharmacokinetics of the major parent drug (exemestane) and its enzymatic product (17‐hydroexemestane). We concluded that one of the off‐target pharmacological effects of AIs (eg ,exemestane) may result in the reduction of osteoprotegerin.
Liver cirrhosis in HIV/HCV‐coinfected individuals is related to NK cell dysfunction and exhaustion, but not to an impaired NK cell modulation by CD4+ T‐cells
Authors: Polo María L , Ghiglione Yanina A , Salido Jimena P , Urioste Alejandra , Poblete Gabriela , Sisto Alicia E , Martinez Ana , Rolón María J , Ojeda Diego S , Cahn Pedro E , Turk Gabriela J , Laufer Natalia L 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionHIV worsens HCV‐related liver disease by accelerating fibrosis progression; however, progression rates are extremely variable among HIV/HCV‐coinfected individuals. NK cells are associated with modulation of liver fibrosis and are profoundly altered during HCV and HIV infections. CD4+ T‐cells modulate NK cell function, and are also affected by HIV infection. Here, we aim to characterize the association of hepatic fibrosis with both the phenotype and function of peripheral NK cells and their regulation by CD4+ T‐cells, in HIV/HCV‐coinfected individuals.MethodsThirty‐four HIV/HCV‐coinfected individuals with minimal (n = 16) and advanced (n = 18) fibrosis (METAVIR F0/F1 and F4 scores respectively) and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled. PBMC were obtained from peripheral blood samples and NK and CD4+ T‐cells were isolated and analysed. NK cell phenotype (CD25, CD69, Nkp46, NKG2D, PD‐1), degranulation (CD107a) and IFN‐γ and TNF‐α production, as well as CD4+ T‐cell activation (CD69, CD25 and CD38) were measured by flow cytometry. CD4+ T‐cell conditioned medium (CM) derived from F0/F1 or F4 individuals was assessed for IL‐2 levels by ELISA. Modulation of NK cell functionality by these CMs was also analysed.ResultsWhen comparing to NK cells from individuals with minimal fibrosis, degranulation and cytokine secretion by NK cells from subjects with F4 scores was significantly impaired, while PD‐1 expression was augmented. On the one hand, neither the expression of activation markers nor IL‐2 secretion was distinctly induced in CD4+ T‐cells from subjects with F0/F1 or F4 METAVIR scores. Finally, NK cell degranulation and cytokine secretion were not differentially modulated by CD4+ T‐cell CM, whether CD4+ T‐cells derived from subjects with minimal or advanced fibrosis.ConclusionsLow levels of NK and CD4+ T‐cells in HIV/HCV‐coinfected individuals with advanced liver fibrosis have been previously described. Here, we show that advanced liver fibrosis in coinfected individuals is associated to a defective function of NK cells and an increased expression of the exhaustion/senescence marker PD‐1. This NK signature could not be attributed to changes in the ability of CD4+ T‐cells to modulate NK cell function.