bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The total value of time of children undergoing treatment: A contingent valuation from the perspective of parents in the orthopaedic department of a Dutch hospital
Authors: Portrait France , Hoozemans Marco , van den Berg Bernard 
Published: October 2018

AimChildren spend substantial amounts of time receiving medical care (patients' time), and this patients' time plays an important role in parental choices for paediatric care. However, it is usually ignored in economic evaluations. This is a concern because economic evaluations are increasingly being used to inform child health policy decision‐making. This study aims to quantify the time children spend receiving medical care and attach a monetary value to it for use in economic evaluations. It applied the parents' perspective. Consequently, the derived money values are the time values for both child and the accompanying parent.MethodsWe used the contingent valuation methodology. We collected data on 83 children undergoing orthopaedic treatment in a Dutch hospital. Accompanying parents were asked to quantify and value the patients' time of their children. We separately explored travel, waiting and treatment time. We also checked whether the monetary valuation varied across parents' financial situation, children's health and level of pain.ResultsParents were willing to pay about €33 (confidence interval (CI) 21.2–48.1) for a 1‐day reduction in treatment time; about €11.5 (CI 4.2–19.1) for an hour's reduction in waiting time; and about €4.5 (CI 1.5–7.4) for an hour's reduction in travel time. In addition, respondents with better financial conditions have, on average higher, willingness to pays.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first instance that patients' time of children has been monetarily valued. This methodology can be used to further develop economic evaluations of paediatric care and could be applied to larger samples with varying clinical conditions.
International bond risk premia, currency of denomination, and macroeconomic (in)stability
Authors: Chen Shu‐Hua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractI show that, in real small‐open as well as large‐open economies, international borrowing produces a destabilizing effect that significantly lowers the minimum level of increasing returns to scale needed for indeterminacy. In this case, a sufficiently high debt‐to‐capital ratio coefficient in the borrowing rate schedule operates like an automatic stabilizer that mitigates belief‐driven cyclical fluctuations. The analysis conducted within the monetary setting shows that both the benchmark nominal interest rate and the inflation rate of the country of the denominated currency may lessen the destabilizing effect of international borrowing. When domestic sunspot shocks exert sufficiently strong effects on these two variables, international borrowing may instead stabilize the domestic economy. I also find that inflation indexed bonds remove the stabilizing effect of the inflation rate of the country of the denominated currency and make different types of international bonds under different monetary regimes exhibit qualitatively the same destabilizing effect as real bonds in real economies. In addition, flexible inflation targeting performs no worse than rigid inflation targeting in all cases. Finally, the quantitative analysis undertaken shows that in the past few decades the considerable increase in foreign indebtedness may have destabilized the U.S. economy by giving rise to belief‐driven fluctuations.
Inequality, educational choice, and public school quality in income‐mixing communities
Authors: Melindi‐Ghidi Paolo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhy, in some urban communities, do rich and poor households cohabit while, in others, we observe sorting by income? Does income inequality impact residential choices and community segregation? To answer these questions, I develop a two‐community general equilibrium framework of school quality, residential choice, and tax decision with probabilistic voting. The model predicts that an equilibrium with income mixing in which households segregate across public schools and low‐ and high‐income households choose to live in the same community might emerge in highly unequal societies. In this particular equilibrium, income‐mixing communities perform lower public school quality than communities populated by middle‐income households. The effect of inequality on the quality of public schooling in the income‐mixing community is ambiguous and depends on the relative endowments of private goods, such as housing, in the two communities.
John Maynard Keynes, Joan Robinson and the prospect theory approach to money wage determination
Authors: McDonald Ian M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the 1930s, John Maynard Keynes and Joan Robinson observed a flex–fix sequence of money wage adjustment, which is changes in aggregate demand may initially change money wages but then money wages will settle at new levels even if unemployment is high. Their discussion of this pattern alluded to the importance of loss aversion in wage setting. This paper shows how loss aversion in wage setting can explain the flex–fix sequence of money wage behaviour in a way which is consistent with the observations and ideas of Keynes and Robinson.
The role of psychology in a multidisciplinary psychiatric inpatient setting: Perspective from the multidisciplinary team
Authors: Wood Lisa , Williams Claire , Billings Jo , Johnson Sonia 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesPsychologists routinely work in psychiatric inpatient settings and it is acknowledged that they cannot work in isolation from the multidisciplinary team. The aim of this study was to examine the multidisciplinary team's perspective on the role of psychology within the acute psychiatric inpatient setting.DesignA qualitative approach was taken utilizing semi‐structured interviews for data collection.MethodsInterviews were undertaken with 12 multidisciplinary team members (occupational therapists, psychiatric nurses, psychiatrists, and clinical managers) examining their perspectives on the role of psychology within the acute psychiatric inpatient setting. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data.ResultsThe analysis identified two key themes ‘psychological treatments’, which describes the perceived function of psychology on the ward, and ‘integrated psychological working’ outlining key issues that psychologists should consider when working in multidisciplinary teams.ConclusionsPsychology is seen by multidisciplinary team members as an integral, but not first line, treatment option in the psychiatric inpatient setting. Both direct work and indirect work were valued by multidisciplinary staff participants. The multidisciplinary team do not have a clear understanding of the role of psychology. Education dialogue about the role are required.Practitioner points

The role of psychology in the psychiatric inpatient setting is valued by the multidisciplinary team.

Psychology was not viewed as a first‐line treatment option in the psychiatric inpatient setting but an ‘add‐on’ to medical treatment.

Psychology was a valued source of support for skilling‐up and offering reflective space to the multidisciplinary team.

Psychologists need to better promote their role and their skills to the multidisciplinary team.
Measurements of 18O‐Pi uptake indicate fast metabolism of phosphate in tree roots
Authors: Scheerer U. , Netzer F. , Bauer A. F. , Herschbach C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPhosphorus (P) nutrition of beech ecosystems depends on soil processes, plant internal P cycling and P acquisition. P uptake of trees in the field is currently not validated due to the lack of an experimental approach applicable in natural forests. Application of radiolabelled tracers such as 33P and 32P is limited to special research sites and not allowed in natural environments. Moreover, only one stable isotope of P, namely 31P, exists. One alternative tool to measure P acquisition in the field could be the use of 18O‐labelled 31P‐phosphate (31P18O4
3−). Phosphate (Pi) uptake rates calculated from the 18O enrichment of dried root material after application of 31Pi
18O4
3−
via nutrient solution was always lower compared to 33P incorporation, did not show increasing rates of Pi uptake at P deficiency under controlled conditions, and did not reveal seasonal fluctuations in the field. Consequently, a clear correlation between 33P‐based and 18O‐based Pi uptake by roots could not be established. Comparison of Pi uptake rates achieved from 33P‐Pi and 18O‐Pi application led to the conclusion of high Pi metabolism in roots after Pi uptake. The replacement of 18O by 16O from water in 18O‐Pi during root influx, but most probably after Pi uptake into roots, due to metabolic activities, indicates high and fast turnover of Pi. Hence, the use of 18O‐Pi as an alternative tool to estimate Pi acquisition of trees in the field must consider the increase of 18O abundance in root water that was disregarded in dried root material.
Nutrition, growth and resilience of tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) × giant Grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) hybrid‐ a review
Authors: Shapawi Rossita , Abdullah Faihanna Ching , Senoo Shigeharu , Mustafa Saleem 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe hybrid grouper discussed in this paper is a cross between female tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and male giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus). Performed for the first time at this institute, the hybridization was motivated by the need to meet grouper demand. The hybrid has been a subject of thorough scientific investigations ever since it was produced. Qualities such as dietary needs, efficiency in growth and production and environmental resilience are of considerable aquaculture advantage, and account for interest in its commercial‐scale farming in the wider Asia‐Pacific region. This paper reviews scientific evidences on tolerance of hybrid grouper to environmental variability, nutrition, growth and genetic and other aspects. It makes serious attempt to summarize the pertinent data published on specific research questions to improve understanding of the diverse evidences, and to be able to identify gaps in knowledge. This has helped in articulating the current state of research and defining topics for future studies on the hybrid. From the analysis of published data it is obvious that hybrid has a higher production potential and resilience. Nevertheless, the hybrid is vulnerable to health problems linked to nutritional deficiencies and other factors. More comprehensive data on dietary requirements of the hybrid, especially larval stages, will help in formulating feeds that cater to metabolic requirements and improve the survival and biomass gains. Information on hybrid's dietary flexibility can be used in developing feeds for grow‐out stages comprising ingredients from sustainable sources. The hybrid could be a suitable candidate for adapting aquaculture to climate change.
Improved Methods for Estimating Flood Depth Exceedances Within Storm Surge Protection Systems
Authors: Johnson David R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractContemporary studies conducted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers estimate probability distributions of flooding on the interior of ring levee systems by estimating surge exceedances at points along levee system boundaries, calculating overtopping volumes generated by this surface, then passing the resulting volumes of water through a drainage model to calculate interior flood depths. This approach may not accurately represent the exceedance probability of flood depths within the system interior; a storm producing 100‐year surge at one point is unlikely to simultaneously produce 100‐year surge levels everywhere around the system exterior. A conceptually preferred approach estimates surge and waves associated with a large set of storms. Each storm is run through the interior model separately, and the resulting flood depths are weighted by a parameterized likelihood of each synthetic storm. This results in an empirical distribution of flood depths accounting for geospatial variation in any individual storm's characteristics. This method can also better account for the probability of levee breaches or other system failures. The two methods can produce different estimates of flood depth exceedances and damage when applied to storm surge flooding in coastal Louisiana. Even differences in flood depth exceedances of less than 0.2 m can still produce large differences in projected damage. This article identifies and discusses differences in estimated flood depths and damage produced by each method within multiple Louisiana protection systems. The novel coupled dynamics approach represents a step toward enabling risk‐based design standards.
Security of Separated Data in Cloud Systems with Competing Attack Detection and Data Theft Processes
Authors: Levitin Gregory , Xing Liudong , Huang Hong‐Zhong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEmpowered by virtualization technology, service requests from cloud users can be honored through creating and running virtual machines. Virtual machines established for different users may be allocated to the same physical server, making the cloud vulnerable to co‐residence attacks where a malicious attacker can steal a user's data through co‐residing their virtual machines on the same server. For protecting data against the theft, the data partition technique is applied to divide the user's data into multiple blocks with each being handled by a separate virtual machine. Moreover, early warning agents (EWAs) are deployed to possibly detect and prevent co‐residence attacks at a nascent stage. This article models and analyzes the attack success probability (complement of data security) in cloud systems subject to competing attack detection process (by EWAs) and data theft process (by co‐residence attackers). Based on the suggested probabilistic model, the optimal data partition and protection policy is determined with the objective of minimizing the user's cost subject to providing a desired level of data security. Examples are presented to illustrate effects of different model parameters (attack rate, number of cloud servers, number of data blocks, attack detection time, and data theft time distribution parameters) on the attack success probability and optimization solutions.
Gentrification Of The Changing State
Authors: Van Gent Wouter , Boterman Willem 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTaking Jason Hackworth and Neil Smith’s seminal paper on the ‘changing state of gentrification’ as a starting point, this paper argues for a reconceptualization of state‐led gentrification to further our understanding of urban transformation. Rather than seeing the State as an extension of capital interests, we contend that class‐state relations may produce urban spaces through representative politics and State hegemonies. To illustrate, we present a brief historical and geographical overview of the transformation of Amsterdam from 1982 to 2015, based on policy documents, media reports, archival research, interviews and secondary literature, as well as social and electoral data at the neighbourhood level. As the gentrification frontier advanced and working class voting blocs diminished, new electoral politics took hold, which permitted a new middle class hegemony to institute policy and institutional changes to further push gentrification and capital interests, leading to subsequent waves of urban change.
Hb Palencia: a novel δβδ-type two-way fusion variant with β-globin-like expression levels
Authors: Nieto Jorge M , González Fernando Ataúlfo , Alonso José María , Golvano Eva , Guerrero Lucia , Albarrán Beatriz , villegas Ana , Martínez Rafael B , Ropero Paloma 
Published: October 2018

AimsFusion proteins of unequal recombination events at the β-globin locus have pathological effect. The haemoglobin (Hb) variants of type Lepore are fusion proteins characterised by β-like globin chains with a δ-globin (HBD) N-terminus and a β-globin (HBB) C-terminus, whereas reciprocal products of underlying crossover events hold aHBBN-terminus andHBDC-terminus instead. Finally, Hb Parchman contains a β-like globin chain with a centralHBBfragment andHBD-derived N-termini and C-termini, whereas reciprocal hybrid proteins are as yet unknown.MethodsThe propositus was an 80-year-old Caucasian man, whose HbA1c quantification by HPLC (Variant II turbo) for exclusion of type-2 diabetes revealed an abnormal peak. Haemoglobins were analysed by ion-exchange HPLC (Variant II) and capillary electrophoresis (Sebia Capillarys Flex) and DNA by automatic Sanger sequencing of δ-globin and β-globin genes.ResultsSequencing showed anHBB-HBD-HBBhybrid gene, withHBD-derived central codons 9–31, andHBB-derived UTRs and complementary coding regions. The corresponding new hybrid haemoglobin (Hb Palencia) is represented at ≈40%, similar to HbA.ConclusionHb Palencia contains the first globin variant with internalHBDsequences andHBB-derived N-terminal and C-terminal and regulatory sequences. Relative quantity of the new βδβ-type variant suggests transcriptional control byHBBelements and a half-life similar to normalHBB.
Axis dorsal laminotomy in dogs: a retrospective analysis of 10 cases
Authors: Barker David Anthony , Palus Viktor , Eminaga Salih , Cherubini Giunio Bruto 
Published: October 2018

The aims of this study were to describe the surgical procedure, and procedure‐related postoperative outcomes after dorsal axis laminotomy. Ten client‐owned dogs with neurological signs due to pathology within the vertebral canal at the level of the axis were reviewed (2009–2018). Patients underwent dorsal laminotomy using a modification of the originally described technique. The axis dorsal lamina was repositioned and secured using absorbable suture material. Eight dogs had improved neurological function; one dog had static function while one dog was euthanased secondary to proposed persistence of the primary myelopathy. Postoperative radiographs confirmed maintained anatomic reduction and early bone healing in two dogs, one‐year postoperative radiographs and one‐month and two‐year postoperative CT confirmed osteosynthesis in one dog each. Medium/long‐term (4–82 months) follow‐up was reported in seven dogs. Mortality in this case series was 10 per cent. Delayed union of the laminotomy flap is a complication associated with this technique.
Aberrant Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Signaling Increases VEGF-A and CXCL8 Secretion of Thyroid Cancer Cells, Contributing to Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth
Authors: Song Young Shin , Kim Min Joo , Sun Hyun Jin , Kim Hwan Hee , Shin Hyo Shik , Kim Young A. , Oh Byung-Chul , Cho Sun Wook , Park Young Joo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression is widely used to treat well-differentiated thyroid cancer, whereas its role in poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) is undetermined. Besides thyrocytes, TSH also binds to stromal cells, comprising tumor microenvironments. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TSH on tumor microenvironments in PDTC.

Experimental Design:
An ectopic tumor model using PDTC cells (BHP10-3SCp and FRO), which exhibit TSH/cAMP-independent cell growth, was treated with TSH. IHC was performed using tissue microarrays from 13 PDTCs.

Results:
TSH treatment significantly enhanced tumor growth of PDTCs with increased vascularity but not that of breast cancer cells, suggesting this effect is unique to thyroid cancer cells, not stromal cells. TSH significantly upregulated VEGF-A and CXCL8 expressions in BHP10-3SCp cells via AKT and ERK signaling, resulting in higher concentrations of VEGF-A and CXCL8 in conditioned medium of TSH-treated BHP10-3SCp cells (TSH-CM) compared with controls. TSH-CM treatment enhanced tube formation potentials of endothelial cells, and blocking VEGF and/or CXCL8 reduced them. Blocking VEGF and/or CXCL8 also reduced TSH-dependent tumor growth with reduced tumor vasculature in vivo. TSH-treated tumors showed increased macrophage densities, and macrophage inhibition reduced TSH-dependent tumor growth in vivo. In human PDTCs, preoperative TSH levels were positively associated with VEGF-A and tumor size, and the expression of VEGF-A was positively correlated with CD31, CD163, and CXCL8, and their clinical poor prognosis.

Conclusions:
Aberrant TSH receptor signaling modulates tumor angiogenesis by stimulating VEGF-A and CXCL8 secretion from PDTC cells and enhances tumor growth; thus, TSH suppression is beneficial for treating PDTCs.
LRP1 (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Related Protein 1) Regulates Smooth Muscle Contractility by Modulating Ca
2+
Signaling and Expression of Cytoskeleton-Related Proteins
Authors: Au Dianaly T. , Ying Zhekang , Hernández-Ochoa Erick O. , Fondrie William E. , Hampton Brian , Migliorini Mary , Galisteo Rebeca , Schneider Martin F. , Daugherty Alan , Rateri Debra L. , Strickland Dudley K. , Muratoglu Selen C. 
Published: October 2018

Objective—

Mutations affecting contractile-related proteins in the ECM (extracellular matrix), microfibrils, or vascular smooth muscle cells can predispose the aorta to aneurysms. We reported previously that the LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1) maintains vessel wall integrity, and
smLRP1
−/−
mice exhibited aortic dilatation. The current study focused on defining the mechanisms by which LRP1 regulates vessel wall function and integrity.

Approach and Results—

Isometric contraction assays demonstrated that vasoreactivity of LRP1-deficient aortic rings was significantly attenuated when stimulated with vasoconstrictors, including phenylephrine, thromboxane receptor agonist U-46619, increased potassium, and L-type Ca
2+
channel ligand FPL-64176. Quantitative proteomics revealed proteins involved in actin polymerization and contraction were significantly downregulated in aortas of
smLRP1
−/−
mice. However, studies with calyculin A indicated that although aortic muscle from
smLRP1
−/−
mice can contract in response to calyculin A, a role for LRP1 in regulating the contractile machinery is not revealed. Furthermore, intracellular calcium imaging experiments identified defects in calcium release in response to a RyR (ryanodine receptor) agonist in
smLRP1
−/−
aortic rings and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.

Conclusions—
These results identify a critical role for LRP1 in modulating vascular smooth muscle cell contraction by regulating calcium signaling events that potentially protect against aneurysm development.