bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppressor effects in associations between patient attachment to therapist and psychotherapy outcome
Authors: Petrowski Katja , Berth Hendrik , Schurig Susan , Probst Thomas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveSeveral studies propose that patient attachment to therapist is associated with therapy outcome. However, the magnitude of the effect is diverse, which might be explicable by suppressor effects and the new concept of pseudo‐security.MethodAssociations between patient attachment to therapist (client‐attachment‐to‐therapist‐scale [CATS]) and psychotherapy outcome (“global severity index” of the Symptom Check List) were evaluated in N = 368 patients. Multilevel models were performed.ResultsWhen tested in separate models, secure attachment to therapist was associated with a more favourable outcome (p < 0.05), whereas avoidant and preoccupied attachment to therapist were correlated with a less favourable outcome (both p < 0.05). Avoidant but not preoccupied attachment to therapist suppressed the association between secure attachment to therapist and the outcome. When controlling for the other two CATS scales, avoidant as well as preoccupied attachment to therapist remained associated with a less favourable outcome (p < 0.05).ConclusionAvoidant attachment to therapist suppresses the association between secure attachment to therapist and psychotherapy outcome. Pseudo‐security has to be taken into consideration in self‐report data on patient attachment to therapist.
Maldevelopment of the submandibular gland in a mouse model of apert syndrome
Authors: Yamaji Kojiro , Morita Jumpei , Watanabe Tsukasa , Gunjigake Kaori , Nakatomi Mitsushiro , Shiga Momotoshi , Ono Kentaro , Moriyama Keiji , Kawamoto Tatsuo 
Published: September 2018

Background: Apert syndrome is characterized by craniosynostosis and bony syndactyly of the hands and feet. The cause of Apert syndrome is a single nucleotide substitution mutation (S252W or P253R) in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2). Clinical experience suggests increased production of saliva by Apert syndrome patients, but this has not been formally investigated. FGFR2 signaling is known to regulate branching morphogenesis of the submandibular glands (SMGs). With the Apert syndrome mouse model (Ap mouse), we investigated the role of FGFR2 in SMGs and analyzed the SMG pathology of Apert syndrome.
Results:
Ap mice demonstrated significantly greater SMG and sublingual gland (SMG/SLG complex) mass/body weight and percentage of parenchyma per unit area of the SMG compared with control mice. Furthermore, gene expression of Fgf1, Fgf2, Fgf3, Pdgfra, Pdgfrb, Mmp2, Bmp4, Lama5, Etv5, and Dusp6 was significantly higher in the SMG/SLG complex of Ap mice. FGF3 and BMP4 exhibited altered detection patterns. The numbers of macrophages were significantly greater in SMGs of Ap mice than in controls. Regarding functional evaluations of the salivary glands, no significant differences were observed.Conclusions:
These results suggest that the gain‐of‐function mutation in FGFR2 in the SMGs of Ap mice enhances branching morphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 247:1175–1185, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Toward a lightweight and efficient UAV‐aided VANET
Authors: Sedjelmaci Hichem , Messous Mohamed Ayoub , Senouci Sidi Mohammed , Brahmi Imane Horiya 
Published: September 2018

AbstractConnectivity in a smart vehicular network is quite sensitive and highly affected by its dynamic network topology. Issues related to the intermittent nature of connectivity may arise due to the high mobility of nodes and network heterogeneity. In sparse areas, a vehicular network is basically a disruption‐tolerant network suffering from frequent disconnections, long delays, and messages loss. Facing these issues, and specifically for time‐sensitive applications, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) can provide valuable assistance to Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) by assuming a relay node role between disconnected segments in the road. In such scenarios, effective communication is either between vehicles (V2V) or between vehicles and UAVs (V2U), which would form subsequently a UAV‐assisted vehicular network. In the present paper, we propose a new framework for using small UAVs as mobile infrastructure nodes in order to enhance the connectivity between vehicles. The first part of this framework accurately predicts the disconnected segments such that drones can be deployed to reestablish lost links. We have implemented a theoretical game for this prediction process. Furthermore, since the battery reserves of the UAVs are limited, we have proposed a mitigation technique based on game theory to reduce the power draining effects that a broadcast storm would have on the energy consumption of the network. For the validation of the proposed UVE (UAV‐aided VANET framework, with energy‐conscious constraints), we conducted thorough simulation scenarios with Network Simulator 3. The obtained performances are promising in the sense that our approach achieves high packet delivery ratio, low end‐to‐end delay, and low overhead communication costs.
Does the Geriatric Depression Scale measure depression in Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Lopez Francesca V. , Split Molly , Filoteo J. Vincent , Litvan Irene , Moore Raeanne C. , Pirogovsky‐Turk Eva , Liu Lin , Lessig Stephanie , Schiehser Dawn M. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThe Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is recommended for screening depression in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Empirical evidence, however, is limited regarding its validity and factor structure in PD. Thus, the current study sought to evaluate the convergent and divergent validity of the GDS, as well as the structure and validity of the derived factors.MethodNondemented individuals with PD (n = 158) completed the GDS‐30, and items were subjected to a principle component analysis. Geriatric Depression Scale total and factor scores were correlated with depression items from the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRSd) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMDd), as well as with the Apathy Scale (AS), State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), Parkinson's disease Sleep Scale, and a Subjective Cognitive Function composite score.ResultsThe GDS total score was strongly correlated with divergent neuropsychiatric measures (AS, r = 0.57; STAI, r = 0.66; MFIS, r = 0.60), while only moderately correlated with convergent measures (MDS‐UPDRSd, r = 0.36; HAMDd, r = 0.32; Ps < 0.05). Linear regression analyses revealed standardized measures of anxiety, apathy, and fatigue independently predicted the GDS total score, while depression items (MDS‐UPDRSd and HAMDd) failed to reach significance. Three independent factors were identified: Anxiety, Apathy, and Fatigue. These factors were significantly predicted by their respective convergent measures.ConclusionsTaken together, our findings suggest that the GDS and its subscales appear to primarily measure anxiety, apathy, and fatigue in PD, or alternatively, these symptom dimensions may be predominant in PD‐depression. Future research with clinically diagnosed samples is needed to confirm these initial findings.
Religious delusions in older adults: Diagnoses, combinations, and delusional characteristics
Authors: Noort Annemarie , Beekman Aartjan T.F. , van Gool Arthur R. , Braam Arjan W. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveReligious delusions (RDs) tend to occur relatively often in patients with affective or non‐affective psychosis. Few studies exist about RDs in later life. The current study explores (1) the distribution of RDs across diagnosis, (2) how RDs relate to other types of delusions, and (3) how RDs relate to several dimensions or characteristics of delusions.MethodsInpatients and outpatients in a Geriatric Psychiatry Department in the Netherlands (N = 155; mean age 76.5 years), and who were diagnosed with an affective or non‐affective psychotic disorder, participated in semi structured diagnostic interviews, using the Schedules for Clinical Assessement in Neuropsychiatry 2.1.ResultsReligious delusions were most common among patients with psychotic depression (47%) and schizophrenia (32%). The RDs frequently co‐occurred with other types of delusions. When combined with delusions of grandeur, RDs were more often classified as bizarre and were accompanied by higher levels of positive psychotic symptoms. When combined with delusions of guilt, RDs were associated with higher levels of distress and a shorter disease duration. The delusional characteristics bizarreness, frequency of psychotic symptoms, and degree of distress were more prevalent for RDs than for any other type of delusion.ConclusionsThe current study suggests that the prevalence of RDs in older adults is particularly high in late life psychotic depression. Also, in later life, RDs can be perceived of as independent marker of complex psychotic states, and as a denominator of severe arousal with respect to existential concerns.
White matter connectivity reductions in the pre‐clinical continuum of psychosis: A connectome study
Authors: Oestreich Lena K. L. , Randeniya Roshini , Garrido Marta I. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWidespread white matter connectivity disruptions have commonly been reported in schizophrenia. However, it is questionable whether structural connectivity decline is specifically associated with schizophrenia or whether it extends along a continuum of psychosis into the healthy population. Elucidating brain structure changes associated with psychotic‐like experiences in healthy individuals is insofar important as it is a necessary first step towards our understanding of brain pathology preceding florid psychosis. High resolution, multishell diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) were acquired from 89 healthy individuals. Whole‐brain white matter fibre tracking was performed to quantify the strength of white matter connections. Network‐based statistics were applied to white matter connections in a regression model in order to test for a linear relationship between streamline count and psychotic‐like experiences. A significant subnetwork was identified whereby streamline count declined with increasing psychotic‐like experiences. This network of structural connectivity reductions affected all cortical lobes, subcortical structures and the cerebellum and spanned along prominent association and commissural white matter pathways. A widespread network of linearly declining connectivity strength with increasing number of psychotic‐like experiences was identified in healthy individuals. This finding is in line with white matter connectivity reductions reported from early to chronic stages of schizophrenia and might therefore aid the development of tools to identify individuals at risk of transitioning to psychosis.
Insufficient task‐outcome association promotes task procrastination through a decrease of hippocampal–striatal interaction
Authors: Zhang Shunmin , Becker Benjamin , Chen Qi , Feng Tingyong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTheories on procrastination propose that associating tasks with higher valued incentive outcomes results in less task procrastination. However, it remains unknown how representation of incentive outcomes and task‐outcome association are mediated by the human brain. Using event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we scanned human participants while they were thinking about both tasks and the incentive outcomes each task can yield in an unconstrained way. Results showed that tasks that are more likely to be procrastinated are associated with less value in incentive outcomes. Interestingly, procrastination was more likely if it was more difficult for participants to associate a task with its valued incentives when thinking about the task (i.e., the decreased task‐outcome association). On the neural level, higher value of rewarding outcomes was correlated with increased putamen activations, which further negatively predicted task procrastination. On the other hand, when participants were associating tasks with the incentive outcomes, the decreasing task‐outcome association corresponded to decreasing activation in putamen, and a decreasing hippocampus‐putamen coupling which further mediated the effect of the insufficient task‐outcome association on procrastination. In particular, the current findings show that procrastination is more likely when people are less able to associate tasks with highly valued incentives, which is accompanied by reduced hippocampal–striatal interactions during task construction.
The effects of individualised intermittent theta burst stimulation in the prefrontal cortex: A TMS‐EEG study
Authors: Chung Sung Wook , Sullivan Caley M. , Rogasch Nigel C. , Hoy Kate E. , Bailey Neil W. , Cash Robin F. H. , Fitzgerald Paul B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecent studies have highlighted variability in response to theta burst stimulation (TBS) in humans. TBS paradigm was originally developed in rodents to mimic gamma bursts coupled with theta rhythms, and was shown to elicit long‐term potentiation. The protocol was subsequently adapted for humans using standardised frequencies of stimulation. However, each individual has different rhythmic firing pattern. The present study sought to explore whether individualised intermittent TBS (Ind iTBS) could outperform the effects of two other iTBS variants. Twenty healthy volunteers received iTBS over left prefrontal cortex using 30 Hz at 6 Hz, 50 Hz at 5 Hz, or individualised frequency in separate sessions. Ind iTBS was determined using theta‐gamma coupling during the 3‐back task. Concurrent use of transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS‐EEG) was used to track changes in cortical plasticity. We also utilised mood ratings using a visual analogue scale and assessed working memory via the 3‐back task before and after stimulation. No group‐level effect was observed following either 30 or 50 Hz iTBS in TMS‐EEG. Ind iTBS significantly increased the amplitude of the TMS‐evoked P60, and decreased N100 and P200 amplitudes. A significant positive correlation between neurophysiological change and change in mood rating was also observed. Improved accuracy in the 3‐back task was observed following both 50 Hz and Ind iTBS conditions. These findings highlight the critical importance of frequency in the parameter space of iTBS. Tailored stimulation parameters appear more efficacious than standard paradigms in neurophysiological and mood changes. This novel approach presents a promising option and benefits may extend to clinical applications.
Resting state functional connectivity of networks associated with reward and habit in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Haynos Ann F. , Hall Leah M. J. , Lavender Jason M. , Peterson Carol B. , Crow Scott J. , Klimes‐Dougan Bonnie , Cullen Kathryn R. , Lim Kelvin O. , Camchong Jazmin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNeurobiological disturbances associated with reward and/or habit learning are theorized to maintain symptoms of anorexia nervosa (AN). Although research has investigated responses in brain regions associated with reward and habit to disorder‐specific cues (e.g., food) and presumed rewards (e.g., money), little is known about the functional organization of the circuits underlying these constructs independent of stimulus. This study aimed to provide initial data on the synchrony of networks associated with reward and habit in AN by comparing resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) patterns between AN and healthy control (HC) participants in these circuits and delineating how these patterns relate to symptoms. Using theoretically selected seeds in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), ventral caudate, and dorsal caudate, reflecting a continuum from reward‐ to habit‐ oriented regions, RSFC patterns were compared between AN restricting subtype (n = 19) and HC (n = 19) participants (cluster threshold: p < .01). Exploratory correlations between RSFC z‐scores and Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) scores, BMI, and illness duration were conducted. The AN group demonstrated lower RSFC between the NAcc and superior frontal gyrus, between the ventral caudate and frontal and posterior regions, and between the dorsal caudate and frontal, temporal, and posterior regions. In the AN group, lower NAcc‐ superior frontal gyrus RSFC correlated with greater EDE Global scores (r = −.58, CI: −.83, −.13). These resting‐state synchrony disruptions of the ventral and dorsal frontostriatal circuits, considered in context of the broader literature, support the utility of further investigating possible reward and habit disturbances supporting symptoms in AN.
Hydrological controls on the evolution of the Yellow River Delta: An evaluation of the relationship since the Xiaolangdi Reservoir became fully operational
Authors: Zhou Yuanyuan , Huang He Qing , Ran Lishan , Shi Changxing , Su Teng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Xiaolangdi Reservoir, which was constructed in the trunk of the Yellow River, has controlled the flow process into the mouth of the Yellow River to a significant degree since it began fully operating in late 2002. To evaluate the relationship between the new hydrological process and the evolution of the Yellow River estuary, this study presents a detailed investigation of the morphodynamic adjustment in the river mouth using remote sensing satellite images. It was shown that the mouth channel rapidly extended in length from 2002 to 2004, although it was shrinking during 1999–2001, and then it expanded very slowly with considerable shifts at the place where the river flow mixes with seawater. In late 2007, an avulsion occurred on the northern bank of the mouth channel, far upstream from where the river water mixes with seawater. During 2008–2012, the new mouth channel extended its length into the sea at a slow pace, whereas since late 2013, it has divided into two branches that alternately discharge the main flow into the sea. Although both the water and the sediment input in the new hydrological process are much smaller in quantity than before, the geomorphic adjustments still manifest an excessive input of both. Moreover, after the avulsion, the seasonal pattern of land accretion in the river mouth has been characterized, with erosion occurring mostly in the wet seasons and accretion mostly occurring in the dry seasons.
Lanthanides‐based catalysis in eukaryotes
Authors: De Simone Giovanna , Polticelli Fabio , Aime Silvio , Ascenzi Paolo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRare earth elements play a pivotal role in high‐technology devices, are used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging in clinical settings, are explored as drug carriers for tumor photodynamic therapy, and are used as fertilizers. From the biochemical viewpoint, they act not only as antagonists of Ca2+but have been proposed as alternative to Ca2+in metallo‐enzymes, in particular in Ce3+‐based methanol dehydrogenases (MDHs). Up to now, the analysis of protein sequence databases identified Ce3+‐based MHDs only in Archea and Bacteria. Here, we report evidence that Ce3+‐based MDHs are also present in higher organisms. These enzymes, identified in the parasitePlasmodium yoeliiyoelii, in the spiderNephila clavipes, in the Tibetan antelopePantholops hodgsonii, and inHomo sapiens, are encoded by intronless genes, thus representing a case of multiple, independent lateral gene transfer from Prokaryotes to Eukaryotes. The conservation of residues involved in the Ce3+coordination, pyrroquinoline quinone cofactor recognition and in the structure stabilization suggests that these enzymes belong to the Ce3+‐dependent MDH family, hitherto considered as exclusive of Prokaryotes. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(11):1067–1075, 2018
Population Pharmacokinetics of Lopinavir/Ritonavir: Changes Across Formulations and Human Development From Infancy Through Adulthood
Authors: Yang Jincheng , Nikanjam Mina , Best Brookie M. , Pinto Jorge , Chadwick Ellen G. , Daar Eric S. , Havens Peter L. , Rakhmanina Natella , Capparelli Edmund V. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) is recommended by the World Health Organization as first‐line treatment for HIV‐infected infants and young children. We performed a composite population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis on LPV plasma concentration data from 6 pediatric and adult studies to determine maturation and formulation effects from infancy to adulthood. Intensive PK data were available for infants, children, adolescents, and adults (297 intensive profiles/1662 LPV concentrations). LPV PK data included 1 adult, 1 combined pediatric‐adult, and 4 pediatric studies (age 6 weeks to 63 years) with 3 formulations (gel‐capsule, liquid, melt‐extrusion tablets). LPV concentrations were modeled using nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NONMEM v. 7.3; GloboMax, Hanover, Maryland) with a one compartment semiphysiologic model. LPV clearance was described by hepatic plasma flow (QHP) times hepatic extraction (EH), with EH estimated from the PK data. Volume was scaled by linear weight (WT/70)1.0. Bioavailability was assessed separately as a function of hepatic extraction and the fraction absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The absorption component of bioavailability increased with age and tablet formulation. Monte Carlo simulations of the final model using current World Health Organization weight‐band dosing recommendations demonstrated that participants younger than 6 months of age had a lower area under the drug concentration–time curve (94.8 vs >107.4 μg hr/mL) and minimum observed concentration of drug in blood plasma (5.0 vs > 7.1 μg/mL) values compared to older children and adults. Although World Health Organization dosing recommendations include a larger dosage (mg/m2) in infants to account for higher apparent clearance, they still result in low LPV concentrations in many infants younger than 6 months of age receiving the liquid formulation.
Carbon flux distribution in the metabolism of Shimwellia blattae (p424IbPSO) for isobutanol production from glucose as function of oxygen availability
Authors: Acedos Miguel G , Yustos Pedro , Santos Victoria E , Garcia‐Ochoa Felix 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe carbon flux distribution in Shimwellia blattae (p424IbPSO) cultures when glucose is employed as carbon source is studied in a stirred tank bioreactor changing the oxygen availability. The strain has been constructed to produce isobutanol combining the branched‐chain amino acids pathway and Ehrlich pathway. The information of many similar genetic modified strains for this bioprocess in the literature presents significant discrepancies on the oxygen influence.RESULTSThe study carried out in this work pointed out the presence of other metabolites formed under aerobic conditions, such as isobutyric acid, 2,3‐butanedione, acetoin, 2,3‐butanediol and 3‐oxo‐1‐buten‐2‐yl ether, not previously reported in the literature on the production of isobutanol with S. blattae (p424IbPSO) strain.CONCLUSIONIn this work the routes or the chemical reactions involved in the bioprocess as a function of the availability of oxygen are elucidated. Anaerobic conditions are the best for isobutanol production from glucose employing this strain; around 12 g L−1 of isobutanol are obtained under these conditions. Aerobic conditions are not adequate to produce isobutanol, although the need for oxygen, at least for growth, is also demonstrated. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry