bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aging increases the expression of vasopressin receptors in both the kidney and urinary bladder
Authors: Birder Lori A. , Wolf‐Johnston Amanda S. , Jackson Edwin K. , Wein Alan J. , Dmochowski Roger 
Published: October 2018

AimsThe goal of this study was to determine whether aging effects the expression of V1a and V2 vasopressin receptors in the urinary bladder mucosa (UBM) and kidney.MethodsUBM and kidneys were obtained from young (3 months‐of‐age) and old (25‐30 months‐of‐age) female Fisher 344 rats. Tissue samples were analyzed by western blotting for V1a and V2 receptor expression, and rat plasma levels of vasopressin levels were measured by ELISA.ResultsV1a and V2 receptors were detected in both the UBM and kidneys. Aging significantly (P < 0.05) increased the expression of V2 receptors by 2.80 ± 0.52 and 6.52 ± 1.24‐fold in the UBM and kidneys, respectively. Aging also increased V1a receptor expression in the kidneys (5.52 ± 1.05 fold; P < 0.05), but not in the UBM. To the best of our knowledge, because this is the first detection of V2 receptors in the mammalian bladder mucosa, we also probed human UBM for V2 receptors and observed high expression in human UBM. Unlike V1a and V2 receptors, aging had only a minor effect on plasma vasopressin levels (8% increase).ConclusionsV2 receptors are substantially increased in the aging UBM. The role of these receptors in UBM is as yet undefined, but given their presence and action in the kidneys, the possible effect of these receptors in free water regulation should be considered. The large age‐related increase in the expression of V2 receptors in both the UBM and kidney may contribute to the effectiveness of desmopressin in age‐related nocturia.
An innovative, non‐invasive sensation meter allows for a more comprehensive understanding of bladder sensation events: A prospective study in participants with normal bladder function
Authors: Naimi Hameeda A. , Nagle Anna S. , Vinod Naomi N. , Kolli Hiren , Sheen Derek , De Wachter Stefan G. , Speich John E. , Klausner Adam P. 
Published: October 2018

AimsThere is currently no standardized method of characterizing changes in bladder sensation during bladder filling outside of the urodynamics laboratory. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize real‐time bladder sensation events using a sensation meter during oral hydration in individuals with normal bladder function.MethodsParticipants enrolled in an accelerated hydration study drank 2 L Gatorade‐G2® and utilized a sensation meter to record real‐time bladder sensation (0‐100%), verbal sensory thresholds, and sensation descriptors of “tense,” “pressure,” “tingling,” “painful,” and “other” for two consecutive fill‐void cycles.ResultsData from 21 participants (12 females/9 males) were obtained and demonstrated an average of 8‐9 sensation events (significant changes in sensation) per fill with no differences in the total number of sensation events and volume between sensation events (fill 1 vs fill 2). An increased number of sensation events occurred at higher capacity quartiles. Event descriptors of “pressure” and “tingling” were the most commonly chosen descriptors in both fills.ConclusionsThe innovative sensation meter includes the sensation event descriptors of “tense,” “tingling,” “pressure,” and “painful,” to enable a more comprehensive understanding of bladder sensation as well as real‐time identification, quantification, and characterization of sensation events. The study demonstrates 8‐9 events per fill, acceleration of sensation during filling, and unique sensation event descriptor patterns. This technology may be helpful in the identification of novel sensation patterns associated with overactive bladder (OAB) and aging.
3.0 T relaxation time measurements of human lymph nodes in adults with and without lymphatic insufficiency: Implications for magnetic resonance lymphatic imaging
Authors: Crescenzi Rachelle , Donahue Paula M. , Braxton Vaughn G. , Scott Allison O. , Mahany Helen B. , Lants Sarah K. , Donahue Manus J. 
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this work was to quantify 3.0 T (i) T1 and T2 relaxation times of in vivo human lymph nodes (LNs) and (ii) LN relaxometry differences between healthy LNs and LNs from patients with lymphatic insufficiency secondary to breast cancer treatment‐related lymphedema (BCRL). MR relaxometry was performed over bilateral axillary regions at 3.0 T in healthy female controls (105 LNs from 20 participants) and patients with BCRL (108 LNs from 20 participants). Quantitative T1 maps were calculated using a multi‐flip‐angle (20, 40, 60°) method with B1 correction (dual‐TR method, TR1/TR2 = 30/130 ms), and T2 maps using a multi‐echo (TE = 9–189 ms; 12 ms intervals) method. T1 and T2 were quantified in the LN cortex and hilum. A Mann–Whitney U‐test was applied to compare LN relaxometry values between patients and controls (significance, two sided, p < 0.05). Linear regression was applied to evaluate how LN relaxometry varied with age, BMI, and clinical indicators of disease. LN substructure relaxation times (mean ± standard deviation) in healthy controls were T1 cortex, 1435 ± 391 ms; T1 hilum, 714 ± 123 ms; T2 cortex, 102 ± 12 ms, and T2 hilum, 119 ± 21 ms. T1 of the LN cortex was significantly reduced in the contralateral axilla of BCRL patients compared with the axilla on the surgical side (p < 0.001) and compared with bilateral control values (p < 0.01). The LN cortex T1 asymmetry discriminated cases from controls (p = 0.004) in a multiple linear regression, accounting for age and BMI. Human 3.0 T T1 and T2 relaxation times in axillary LNs were quantified for the first time in vivo. Measured values are relevant for optimizing acquisition parameters in anatomical lymphatic imaging sequences, and can serve as a reference for novel functional and molecular LN imaging methods that require quantitative knowledge of LN relaxation times.
Salvage regimens for pediatric patients with relapsed nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: DeRenzo Christopher , Lam Catherine , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Rapkin Louis , Gottschalk Stephen , Venkatramani Rajkumar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThere is no established salvage regimen for pediatric patients with relapsed nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and outcomes are dismal. We performed a multicenter retrospective review to determine outcomes after first salvage therapy for pediatric patients with relapsed NPC. Fourteen patients were treated with varied regimens. Two of the 14 patients received oxaliplatin‐containing regimens and achieved a long‐term complete response. Although definitive recommendations cannot be made based on outcomes for 14 patients who received varied regimens, we discuss justification for an oxaliplatin‐containing regimen in combination with gemcitabine as a reasonable choice for first‐line salvage therapy for pediatric patients with relapsed NPC.
Discerning the Primary Carcinoma in Malignant Peritoneal and Pleural Effusions Using Imaging Mass Spectrometry—A Feasibility Study
Authors: Schwamborn Kristina , Weirich Gregor , Steiger Katja , Zimmermann Gregor , Schmidmayr Monika , Weichert Wilko , Caprioli Richard M. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeMalignant effusions challenge diagnostic accuracy due to cytomorphologic overlaps between various malignant primaries. Workup of this material to establish a correct diagnosis is time consuming and limited by the sparsity of material. In order to circumvent these drawbacks, the use of MALDI imaging MS (IMS) as a diagnostic platform has been explored.Experimental designCytology cell blocks from malignant effusions (serous ovarian carcinoma and several non‐ovarian carcinomas including gastric adenocarcinoma) containing at least 30% neoplastic cells are selected for generation of cytology microarrays (CMA). CMA sections are transferred to conductive glass slides, subjected to on‐tissue tryptic digestion, and matrix application for MALDI–IMS analysis.ResultsSupervised classification analysis identifies serous ovarian carcinomas as the source of malignant effusions with a sensitivity of 85.7% when compared to samples from all other included primary sites. When compared to gastric adenocarcinoma, serous ovarian carcinoma samples can be delineated with a sensitivity of 97.3%.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThese preliminary results highlight that MALDI–IMS allows subtyping of malignant effusions to identify the precise origin of neoplastic cells. While achieving similar results compared to classical approaches such as immunocytology, more material is conserved that will be available for further tests.
S‐S‐PEG‐COOH Self‐Assembled Monolayer on Gold Surface Enabled a Combined Assay for Serological EBV Antibody Isotypes
Authors: Lv Hui , Ye Lei , Liu Qian , Li Song‐Guo , Li Tao , Huang Na‐Li , Gao Yi , Fan Li‐Bin , Du Wei‐Dong 
Published: October 2018

PurposeEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human gamma herpes virus that infects human epithelial cells and B lymphocytes. It would be potentially valuable to develop novel combined assays to benefit screening for large panels of samples of EBV infectious diseases.Experimental designA simple antigen‐probed biochip that is modified with S‐S‐PEG‐COOH and is used as a label‐free high‐throughput screening method for a combined detection of EBV capsid antigen IgM antibody, capsid antigen IgG antibody, and nuclear antigen IgG antibody.ResultsThis protein biochip has similar feasibility, sensitivity, and specificity in comparison with Liaison chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA). Detection limit of the EBV antibodies by the biochip is almost identical to that by CLIA‐L (2.91 U mL–1 vs 3.00 U mL–1 for EBNA‐1 IgG, 8 U mL–1 vs10 U mL–1 for EBV‐VCA IgG, and 3.5 U mL–1 vs 10 U mL–1 for EBV‐VCA IgM). Tests of the three serological antibodies against EBV by the biochip are consistent with the CLIA‐L method in 274 clinical sera, respectively. Finally, the combined biochip is successfully utilized for diagnostic identification of EBV infection in 14 patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and 25 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus SLE, as well as additional 10 known real‐time PCR positive patients.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis biochip format will enable concurrent detection of antibodies against EBV infection and confirm infection status of EBV. It will be a versatile tool for large‐scale epidemiological screening in view of its miniaturization and high throughput.
De Sitter vs Quintessence in String Theory
Authors: Cicoli M. , de Alwis S. , Maharana A. , Muia F. , Quevedo F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDe Sitter solutions have been recently conjectured to be incompatible with quantum gravity. In this paper we critically assess the progress and challenges of different mechanisms to obtain de Sitter vacua in string compactifications and compare them to quintessence models. We argue that, despite recent criticisms, de Sitter models reached a level of concreteness and calculational control which has been improving over time. On the other hand, building string models of quintessence appears to be more challenging and requires additional fine‐tuning. We discuss the tension between the swampland conjecture and the Higgs potential and find examples which can evade fifth‐force bounds even if they seem very hard to realise in string theory. We also comment on the tension with low‐redshift data and explore ultra‐light axions from string theory as dark energy candidates.
Applications of Bayesian statistical methodology to clinical trial design: A case study of a phase 2 trial with an interim futility assessment in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Smith Claire L. , Jin Yan , Raddad Eyas , McNearney Terry A. , Ni Xiao , Monteith David , Brown Roger , Deeg Mark A. , Schnitzer Thomas 
Published: October 2018

Development of new pharmacological treatments for osteoarthritis that address unmet medical needs in a competitive market place is challenging. Bayesian approaches to trial design offer advantages in defining treatment benefits by addressing clinically relevant magnitude of effects relative to comparators and in optimizing efficiency in analysis. Such advantages are illustrated by a motivating case study, a proof of concept, and dose finding study in patients with osteoarthritis. Patients with osteoarthritis were randomized to receive placebo, celecoxib, or 1 of 4 doses of galcanezumab. Primary outcome measure was change from baseline WOMAC pain after 8 weeks of treatment. Literature review of clinical trials with targeted comparator therapies quantified treatment effects versus placebo. Two success criteria were defined: one to address superiority to placebo with adequate precision and another to ensure a clinically relevant treatment effect. Trial simulations used a Bayesian dose response and longitudinal model. An interim analysis for futility was incorporated. Simulations indicated the study had ≥85% power to detect a 14‐mm improvement and ≤1% risk for a placebo‐like drug to pass. The addition of the second success criterion substantially reduced the risk of an inadequate, weakly efficacious drug proceeding to future development. The study was terminated at the interim analysis due to inadequate analgesic efficacy. A Bayesian approach using probabilistic statements enables clear understanding of success criteria, leading to informed decisions for study conduct. Incorporating an interim analysis can effectively reduce sample size, save resources, and minimize exposure of patients to an inadequate treatment.
Analysis of economic model predictive control with terminal penalty functions on generalized optimal regimes of operation
Authors: Dong Zihang , Angeli David 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we propose the novel concept of “control storage function” and introduce upper and lower bounds to the best asymptotic average performance for nonlinear control systems based on suitable notions of dissipativity and controlled dissipativity. This allows to extend and unify the formulation and analysis of economic model predictive control for general optimal operation regimes, including, in particular, steady‐state or periodic operation. A closed‐loop economic performance and stability analysis are carried out within this generalized framework. As a special case, when the optimal operation is periodic, we present a new approach to formulate terminal cost functions. Finally, several examples and counterexamples are proposed and discussed to show the merits of the proposed approach.
An off‐policy iteration algorithm for robust stabilization of constrained‐input uncertain nonlinear systems
Authors: Yang Xiong , Wei Qinglai 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis paper studies the robust stabilization problem of constrained‐input nonlinear systems with mismatched uncertainties. Initially, the robust stabilization problem is converted into a constrainedH2optimal control problem by providing a proper infinite‐horizon cost function for the auxiliary system. It is demonstrated that the solution of the constrainedH2optimal control problem can force the original system to be stable in the sense of uniform ultimate boundedness. Then, under the framework of reinforcement learning, an off‐policy iteration algorithm is proposed to solve the constrainedH2optimal control problem. The off‐policy iteration algorithm is implemented by using two kinds of approximators. That is, the critic approximator is applied to approximate the optimal cost function and the actor approximator is used to approximate the augmented optimal control. The method of weighted residuals together with the Monte‐Carlo integration technique is employed to determine the weight parameters of critic and actor approximators. Finally, two examples, including a pendulum system, are presented to validate the proposed control algorithm.
Finite‐time trajectory tracking control for entry guidance
Authors: Shen Ganghui , Xia Yuanqing , Zhang Jinhui , Cui Bing 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIn this paper, the trajectory tracking guidance problem is investigated for entry vehicle in the presence of uncertainty. First, a robust nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control law is designed to guarantee the finite‐time tracking performance under uncertainty. Then, to eliminate the need of prior information about uncertainty and mitigate the chattering, a novel adaptive nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control is proposed by employing adaptive parameter tuning law. Furthermore, with the help of designed adaptation mechanism, the proposed adaptive nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control can achieve finite‐time convergence of both tracking errors and parameter estimation errors simultaneously. Finally, numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and high‐precision tracking performance of the proposed controllers.
Feedback law with probabilistic certification for Propofol‐based control of BIS during anesthesia
Authors: Alamir Mazen , Fiacchini Mirko , Queinnec Isabelle , Tarbouriech Sophie , Mazerolles Michel 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis paper proposes a new control strategy for Propofol injection during anesthesia in patients undergoing surgery and where the Bispectral Index (BIS) is considered to be the regulated variable. The proposed control shows the nice feature of being completely independent of the knowledge of the pharmacokinetics that govern the diffusion of the drug. This paper also proposes a certification framework that gives a probabilistic guarantee regarding the containment of the BIS inside the desired interval as well as for the time needed for the BIS to be steered to this interval. Moreover, this certification is given for realistic (and hence very high) level of uncertainties on the parameters that define the unknown‐to‐the‐controller dynamics. This last feature is checked using a widely employed model.
Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities of Ag‐Doped g‐C3N4 Nanocomposites
Authors: Zi‐ya LIU , Man‐ying ZHANG , Jing‐ling WU 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe silver modified graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4/Ag) was prepared by the photo‐deposition method. The crystal structures, chemical structures, morphology, recombination rate and surface charge were characterized by X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence spectra (PL), and zeta potential, respectively. The effects of silver content on the photocatalytic and antibacterial performance were studied. The photocatalytic mechanism of the g‐C3N4/Ag was revealed by free radical capture. The results showed that the prepared catalysts had layered stack structure. The photocatalytic property and antibacterial activity of g‐C3N4/Ag nanocomposites were significantly promoted by the modification of silver nanoparticles.
Neighborhood stressors and psychological distress among U.S. Latinos: Measuring the protective effects of social support from family and friends
Authors: Bostean Georgiana , Andrade Flavia Cristina Drumond , Viruell‐Fuentes Edna A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe examined whether social support from family and friends, separately, reduce the deleterious effect of neighborhood stressors on psychological distress among Latinos by subgroup. Utilizing data from a nationally representative sample of 2,524 Latinos (National Latino and Asian American Survey), we found that neighborhood stressors were associated with higher distress among people with low and average levels of family support, although there was no significant association between neighborhood stressors and distress among those with high levels of family support. Although both family and friend support reduced the deleterious mental health impact of neighborhood stressors, when mutually adjusted, only family support remained statistically significant as a stress buffer and only for Mexicans and Cubans.
Graphene‐Based Transparent Conductive Films: Material Systems, Preparation and Applications
Authors: Ma Yingjie , Zhi Linjie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe rising demands of optoelectronic devices, such as flexibility, stretchability, and energy efficiency, urgently require alternative transparent conductive films (TCFs) for indium tin oxide. Among all the candidates such as carbon nanomaterials, metal nanomaterials, conductive polymers, and other nanocomposites, graphene is highly promising because of its distinct properties, such as outstanding conductivity, impressive optical transparency, remarkable mechanical flexibility, and chemical/thermal stability. However, the practical application of graphene‐based TCFs (G‐TCFs) is still challenging due to the difficulty for preparing large‐area crystalline graphene with few defects for TCFs. Many efforts have been made to solve these problems, and several kinds of optoelectronic devices have been successfully fabricated with G‐TCFs. This review presents the recent development in this area made by the authors and others, including the material systems and synthetic strategies of G‐TCFs, as well as their applications as transparent electrodes in optoelectronic devices such as field effect transistors, organic light‐emitting diodes, organic solar cells, and other devices. The current major challenges in this area and the potential practical solutions are identified.
Review on Nanoarchitectured Current Collectors for Pseudocapacitors
Authors: Liu Long , Zhao Huaping , Lei Yong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSupercapacitors are of high importance as electrochemical energy storage devices attributing to their outstanding power performance, excellent reversibility and long cycle life. But meanwhile, they suffer from low energy when compared with batteries. Pseudocapacitive materials with a high theoretical capacitance hold a great promise in boosting the energy storage capability for supercapacitors. The emergence of nanoarchitectured current collectors aims to reach their full potentials in charge storage by addressing the challenging issues such as the intrinsically low electrical conductivity, and the sluggish charging–discharging behavior of most pseudocapacitive materials. This review pays particular attention to the advances of nanoarchitectured current collectors for pseudocapacitors. It first gives an introductory background on the design philosophy for nanoarchitectured current collectors based on the charge storage mechanism in pseudocapacitors and also outlines the consequent design considerations, then summarizes the recent achievements in design, fabrication, and utilization of nanoarchitectured current collectors for pseudocapacitors with representative results presented. A comprehensive overview of the strengths and weaknesses of nanoarchitectured current collectors for pseudocapacitors is also highlighted. At the end, future trends and opportunities associated with nanoarchitectured current collectors for pseudocapacitors are discussed.