bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normalized Lithium Growth from the Nucleation Stage for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Li Nan , Ye Qian , Zhang Kun , Yan Huibo , Shen Chao , Wei Bingqing , Xie Keyu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInducing uniform deposition of lithium from the stage of metal crystallization nucleation is of vital importance to achieve dendrite‐free lithium anodes. Herein, using experiments and simulation, homogenization of Li nucleation and normalization of Li growth can be achieved on PNIPAM polymer brushes with lithiophilic functional groups modified Cu substrates. The lithiophilic functional groups of amide O can homogenize ion mass transfer and induce the uniform distribution of Li nucleation sites. What is more, the ultra‐small space between each brush can act as the channels for Li transportation and normalization growth. Owing to the synergistic effect of homogenization and normalization of electrodeposited Li, the obtained planar columnar Li anode exhibits excellent cycle stability at an ultra‐high current density of 20 mA cm−2.
Strategy for the Construction of Diverse Poly‐NHC‐Derived Assemblies and Their Photoinduced Transformations
Authors: Li Yang , An Yuan‐Yuan , Fan Jian‐Zhong , Liu Xiao‐Xu , Li Xin , Hahn F. Ekkehardt , Wang Yao‐Yu , Han Ying‐Feng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA series of supramolecular assemblies of types [Ag8(L)4](PF6)8 and [Ag4(L)2](PF6)4, obtained from the tetraphenylethylene (TPE) bridged tetrakis(1,2,4‐triazolium) salts H4‐L(PF6)4 and AgI ions, is described. The assembly type obtained dependends on the N‐wingtip substituents of H4‐L(PF6)4. Changes in the lengths of the N4‐wingtip substituents enables controlled formation of assemblies with either [Ag4(L)2](PF6)4 or [Ag8(L)4](PF6)8 stoichiometry. The molecular structures of selected [Ag8(L)4](PF6)8 and [Ag4(L)2](PF6)4 assemblies were determined by X‐ray diffraction analyses. While H4‐L(PF6)4 does not exhibit fluorescence in solution, their tetra‐NHC (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) assemblies do upon NHC–metal coordination. Upon irradiation, all assemblies undergo a light‐induced, supramolecule‐to‐supramolecule structural transformation by an oxidative photocyclization involving phenyl groups of the TPE core, resulting in a significant change of the luminescence properties.
ortho‐Oxygenative 1,2‐Difunctionalization of Diarylalkynes under Merged Gold/Organophotoredox Relay Catalysis
Authors: Sancheti Shashank P. , Akram Manjur O. , Roy Rupam , Bedi Vaibhav , Kundu Shubhankar , Patil Nitin T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractReported herein is an ortho‐oxygenative 1,2‐difunctionalization of diarylalkynes under merged gold/organophotoredox catalysis to access highly functionalized 2‐(2‐hydroxyaryl)‐2‐alkoxy‐1‐arylethan‐1‐ones. Detailed mechanistic studies suggested a relay process, initiating with gold‐catalyzed hydroalkoxylation of alkynes, to generate enol‐ether followed by a key formal [4+2]‐cycloaddition reaction. The successful application of the present methodology was also shown for the synthesis of benzofurans.
An Embedded Solar‐Powered Irrigation System Based on a Cascaded Fuzzy Logic Controller
Authors: Selmani Abdelouahed , Outanoute Mohamed , Oubehar Hassan , Ed‐Dahhak Abdelali , Lachhab Abdeslam , Guerbaoui Mohammed , Bouchikhi Benachir 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study examines the automatization of irrigation tasks of solar photovoltaic water pumping systems (SPVWPS) in greenhouse applications. A prototype of an embedded control system has been developed for SPVWPS battery‐coupled architectures. The new design aims at improving the safety of solar irrigation facility by avoiding the exhaustion of pumping resources (water and energy) while watering. The availabilities of pumping resources are introduced as new requisite inputs of a fuzzy logic‐based control system (FLC) so that it can produce adequate and safe irrigation durations. The FLC design consists of two cascaded devices. The first device uses climate data to estimate durations for watering that satisfy crop needs. The second device uses actual resource levels to evaluate the pumping capacity of the SPVWPS regarding requested durations. Watering is performed whenever the pumping capacity of the system represents more than 25% of the total requirement. Test results from an experimental greenhouse prove the effectiveness of the decision‐making mechanism that prevents scheduling unsuccessful watering tasks.
Lipases in liquid formulation for biodiesel production: Current status and challenges
Authors: C. Wancura João H. , Tres Marcus V. , Jahn Sérgio L. , de Oliveira José Vladimir 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEnzymatic synthesis of biodiesel showed advantageous characteristics in relation to other technologies once it works under bland conditions, no generation of wastewater, no occurrence of saponifications reactions and production of a biodiesel with high quality. Although many researches still apply immobilized lipases, the high costs associated with this biocatalyst hamper the economic viability of the process. Lipases in free/soluble/liquid formulation employed to biodiesel production via hydroesterification reaction have attracted interest from researchers because they are more cost effective than the immobilized form, making the enzymatic route more competitive. In addition, soluble lipases present higher reaction rates, reducing the time required to obtain a satisfactory biodiesel yield. Despite the fact that already exist industrial plants producing biodiesel with the assistance of lipases in liquid formulation, results of researches show that the process still needs to overcome some drawbacks. This paper is a comprehensive and critical discussion on the publications where soluble lipases were applied on biodiesel synthesis, as well as the challenges that the technology faces and its current status in pilot and industrial applications.
Granulomatous Inflammation in Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis: Does the Lymphatic System Contribute to Disease?
Authors: Patterson Karen C. , Queval Christophe J. , Gutierrez Maximiliano G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA striking and unexplained feature of granulomatous inflammation is its anatomical association with the lymphatic system. Accumulating evidence suggests that lymphatic tracks and granulomas may alter the function of each other. The formation of new lymphatics, or lymphangiogenesis, is an adaptive response to tumor formation, infection, and wound healing. Granulomas also may induce lymphangiogenesis which, through a variety of mechanisms, could contribute to disease outcomes in tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. On the other hand, alterations in lymph node function and lymphatic draining may be primary events which attenuate the risk and severity of granulomatous inflammation. This review begins with an introduction of granulomatous inflammation and the lymphatic system. A role of the lymphatic system in tuberculosis and sarcoidosis is then hypothesized. With a focus on lymphangiogenesis in these diseases, and on the potential for this process to promote dissemination, parallels are established with the well‐established role of lymphangiogenesis in tumor biology.
A highly sensitive molecular structural probe applied to in situ biosensing of metabolites using PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Tan Ellasia , Pappa Anna‐Maria , Pitsalidis Charalampos , Nightingale James , Wood Sebastian , Castro Fernando A. , Owens Róisín M. , Kim Ji‐Seon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA large amount of research within organic biosensors is dominated by organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) that use conducting polymers such as poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Despite the recent advances in OECT‐based biosensors, the sensing is solely reliant on the amperometric detection of the bioanalytes. This is typically accompanied by large undesirable parasitic electrical signals from the electroactive components in the electrolyte. Herein, we present the use of in situ resonance Raman spectroscopy to probe subtle molecular structural changes of PEDOT:PSS associated with its doping level. We demonstrate how such doping level changes of PEDOT:PSS can be used, for the first time, on operational OECTs for sensitive and selective metabolite sensing while simultaneously performing amperometric detection of the analyte. We test the sensitivity by molecularly sensing a lowest glucose concentration of 0.02 mM in phosphate‐buffered saline solution. By changing the electrolyte to cell culture media, the selectivity of in situ resonance Raman spectroscopy is emphasized as it remains unaffected by other electroactive components in the electrolyte. The application of this molecular structural probe highlights the importance of developing biosensing probes that benefit from high sensitivity of the material's structural and electrical properties while being complimentary with the electronic methods of detection.
Hsa_circ_0028502 and hsa_circ_0076251 are potential novel biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Zhenluo , Shen Lili , Wang Shuwei , Wu Shengdong , Hu Yaoren , Guo Junming , Fu Liyun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) have been increasingly revealed to be desirable biomarkers for some tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Combined with our previous microarray screening results, we aimed to determine the hsa_circ_0028502 and hsa_circ_0076251 expression features in HCC, analyze the relationship between their expression level and clinical and pathological characteristics, and investigate their diagnostic and prognostic values. Our data demonstrated that the hsa_circ_0028502 and hsa_circ_0076251 levels were considerably lower in HCC tissues than in adjacent paracancerous tissues (P < .001). Further study revealed that hsa_circ_0028502 expression levels were related to tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (P = .015) and that hsa_circ_0076251 expression levels were related to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage (P = .038), comorbidity with type 2 diabetes mellitus (P = .023) and the presence of serum HbsAg (P = .044). Furthermore, the degree of expression of both hsa_circ_0028502 and hsa_circ_0076251 increased from HCC to liver cirrhosis (LC) to chronic hepatitis (CH). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated that hsa_circ_0028502 and hsa_circ_0076251 could serve as fairly accurate markers to distinguish HCC tissues from CH tissues and LC tissues, as well as distinguishing LC tissues from CH tissues. Cox regression analysis showed that low expression of has_circ_0076251 was associated with unfavorable survival rates in HCC (HR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.22‐0.98; P < .05). These findings implied that hsa_circ_0028502 and hsa_circ_0076251 were potentially valuable biomarkers for HCC diagnosis, whereas hsa_circ_0076251 could be used as a prognostic indicator for HCC.
Two‐Step Bioorthogonal Activity‐Based Protein Profiling of Individual Human Proteasome Catalytic Sites
Authors: Xin Bo‐Tao , Espinal Christofer , de Bruin Gerjan , Filippov Dmitri V. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Florea Bogdan I. , Overkleeft Herman S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBioorthogonal chemistry allows the selective modification of biomolecules in complex biological samples. One application of this methodology is in two‐step activity‐based protein profiling (ABPP), a methodology that is particularly attractive where direct ABPP using fluorescent or biotinylated probes is ineffective. Herein we describe a set of norbornene‐modified, mechanism‐based proteasome inhibitors aimed to be selective for each of the six catalytic sites of human constitutive proteasomes and immunoproteasomes. The probes developed for β1i, β2i, β5c, and β5i proved to be useful two‐step ABPs that effectively label their developed proteasome subunits in both Raji cell extracts and living Raji cells through inverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder (iEDDA) ligation. The compound developed for β1c proved incapable of penetrating the cell membrane, but effectively labels β1c in vitro. The compound developed for β2c proved not selective, but its azide‐containing analogue LU‐002c proved effective in labeling of β2c via azide–alkyne click ligation chemistry both in vitro and in situ. In total, our results contribute to the growing list of proteasome activity tools to include five subunit‐selective activity‐based proteasome probes, four of which report on proteasome activities in living cells.
Effects of particle size on the quality attributes of wheat flour made by the milling process
Authors: Ma Sen , Wang Chongchong , Li Li , Wang Xiaoxi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe particle size of wheat flours contributes to the quality of wheat flour products. Wheat flour of particle size ranging from 358 to 17 µm was produced by the milling and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, their rheological properties, sulfhydryl content, creep measurements, and the cooking quality were also evaluated.FindingsWheat flour with smaller particle size had a higher amount of damaged starch and increased creep recovery of gluten protein, as well as the water absorption rate, cooking loss rate, and hardness of the noodle. The sulfhydryl content of gluten protein decreased with the decrease in the particle size of the wheat flour, as it changed the rheology and the pasting properties of starch. In addition, the dynamic viscoelastic properties of starch were enhanced by using wheat flour with bigger particle size.ConclusionsThe results suggested that particle size was a major factor affecting the quality attributes of the wheat flour. The cooking properties and texture of noodles could be modified by the variation of flour particle size.Significance and noveltyThe result can provide useful information about the important effect of particle size on the quality of the wheat flour and its products. Particle size could be used to potentially predict the product quality characteristics or identify proper quality wheat flour.
Deep peroneal nerve injury during plate fixation for medial open‐wedge high tibial osteotomy: A case report and cadaveric study
Authors: Itoh Masafumi , Itou Junya , Kuwashima Umito , Fujieda Hiroki , Okazaki Ken 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis report presents a case of deep peroneal nerve palsy caused by an injury during drilling for distal locking screws of a T‐shaped locking plate used for osteosynthesis of medial open‐wedge high tibial osteotomy. A cadaveric simulation study reproduced the risk of injury during the surgery.
Enhanced Visible‐Light Photoactivities of Perovskite‐Type LaFeO3 Nanocrystals by Simultaneously Doping Er3+ and Coupling MgO for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Li Sijia , Li Yanzhen , Chen Yajie , Xu Linna , Chen Qiuyu , Qu Yang , Wang Guofeng , Zhu Peifen , Wang Dingsheng , Qin Weiping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe use of solar energy to convert CO2 into chemical fuels not only can create renewable energy but also can alleviate the greenhouse effect. In this work, MgO/LaFeO3 : Er3+ composites were prepared, and their photocatalytic CO2 reduction capability was tested under visible‐light irradiation. The MgO/LaFeO3 : Er3+ composites displayed improved charge carrier separation efficiency, higher CO2 adsorption capacity, and increased photoactivities for photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO and CH4 (71.52 μmol g−1 h−1 and 5.54 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively). As a comparison, the production rates of CO and CH4 are 29.36 μmol g−1 h−1 (CO) and 4.13 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively for pure LaFeO3. The enhanced photoactivities are attributed to the increased electron‐hole separation rate resulting from the Er3+ doping and improved CO2 adsorption capacity by MgO coupling. This work thus identifies a novel approach towards highly efficient photocatalysts for CO2 reduction.
Selective Self‐Condensation of Butanal over Zr‐BEA Zeolites
Authors: Kots Pavel A. , Zabilska Anna V. , Ivanova Irina I. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractButanal conversion has been studied over Zr‐BEA zeolites with different amount of partially hydrolyzed open Zr‐sites and fully condensed closed sites. The kinetic study pointed that the main reaction pathway of butanal conversion involves its self‐condensation into 2‐ethyl‐2‐hexenal (2‐EN), the selectivity to 2‐EN being within 80–85 %. Besides, small amounts of 1‐butanol and butanoic acid are formed via Cannizzaro disproportionation of butanal. Secondary reactions include butanoic acid ketonization to 4‐heptanone and esterification to butyl butanoate and tandem hydrogenation/dehydration of 2‐EN into octadienes. A number of techniques, including FTIR spectroscopy of adsorbed CO, pyridine, 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylpyridine (DTBPy), TPD of isopropylamine and selective poisoning with DTBPy were applied for characterization of Zr‐sites and elucidation of their activity. Open Zr‐sites were found to be more active with respect to closed Zr‐sites in butanal condensation: the TOF values estimated at 433 K being 1.4 s−1 for open Zr‐sites and 0.6 s−1 for closed sites. On the contrary, selectivity into 2‐EN was similar for open and closed sites. The results point that Zr‐BEA catalysts with enhanced content of open sites are perspective catalysts for the selective synthesis of 2‐EN.
Co Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Nitrogen Doped Carbon Tubes for Efficient Hydrogenation of Quinoline under Mild Conditions
Authors: Yun Ruirui , Hong Lirui , Ma Wanjiao , Zhang Ruiyu , Zhan Feiyang , Duan Jingui , Zheng Baishu , Wang Suna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe hydrogenation of nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic precursors in aqueous medium is quite challenging, especially at low temperature and without imposing molecular hydrogen pressure. In the light of the edges of metal nanoparticles (NPs) possess high selective activity, but most of the exposed metal surface does not. Hence, to influence the activity of the entire NPs surface, the use of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) to obtain the metal NPs encapsulated in the carbon tubes which has been applied frequently. Herein, we design and synthesize a series of metal catalysts encapsulated in N‐doped carbon nanotubes (NCT), which disperse on the hollow N‐doped carbon framework (HNC), via pyrolysis ZIF‐67, ZIF‐67@ZIF‐8, and ZIF‐8@ZIF‐67 step by step. The catalyst of Co@NCT/HNC shows outstanding activity of hydrogenation of quinoline under mild conditions, due to the synergistic effects between Co NPs, NCT and HNC, such as the NCT make the hydrogen reach the surface of the reactant rapidly, and the encapsulated structure can enormously prevent the metal aggregating.
Energetic Optimization of the Three‐Stage Gas Permeation Process for the Upgrading of Biogas
Authors: Kube Jürgen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe mass balances of countercurrent gas permeation modules for the separation of multicomponent gas mixtures are formulated as a boundary value problem, using the ideal gas law and isobaric isothermal stages. The balances are extended for the common three‐stage gas permeation process for the upgrading of biogas. The solution is calculated with MATLAB's BVP4C boundary value solver. The process is optimized by means of the FMINCON SQP‐algorithm towards lowest power consumption. Parameter variations are conducted, highlighting the impact of product and lean‐gas quality setpoints, biogas composition, membrane surface and selectivity, permeate compression, and choice of compressor model on the energetic optimum.
A Systematic Survey of the Reactivity of Chlorinated N2P2, NP3 and P4 Ring Systems
Authors: Bresien Jonas , Eickhoff Liesa , Schulz Axel , Suhrbier Tim , Villinger Alexander 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe reactivity of the four‐membered NP3 ring system [RN(μ‐PCl)2PR] (R=Mes*=2,4,6‐tri‐tert‐butylphenyl) towards Lewis acids, Lewis bases, and reducing agents was investigated. Comparisons with the literature‐known, analogous cyclic compounds [ClP(μ‐NR)]2 (R=Ter=2,6‐dimesitylphenyl) and [ClP(μ‐PR)]2 (R=Mes*) are drawn, to obtain a better systematic understanding of the reactivity of cyclic NP species. Apart from experimental results, DFT computations are discussed to further the insight into bonding and electronic structure of these compounds.
Intersystem Crossing in Naphthalenediimide–Oxoverdazyl Dyads: Synthesis and Study of the Photophysical Properties
Authors: Hussain Mushraf , Taddei Maria , Bussotti Laura , Foggi Paolo , Zhao Jianzhang , Liu Qingyun , Di Donato Mariangela 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOxoverdazyl (Vz) radical units were covalently linked to the naphthalenediimide (NDI) chromophore to study the effect of the radical on the photophysical properties, especially the radical enhanced intersystem crossing (REISC), which is a promising approach to develop heavy‐atom‐free triplet photosensitizers. Rigid phenyl or ethynylphenyl linkers between the two moieties were used, thus REISC and formation of doublet (D1, total spin quantum number S=1/2) and quartet states (Q1, S=3/2) are anticipated. The photophysical properties of the dyads were studied with steady‐state and femtosecond/nanosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopies and DFT computations. Femtosecond transient absorption spectra show a fast electron transfer (<150 fs), and ISC (ca. 1.4–1.85 ps) is induced by charge recombination (CR, in toluene). Nanosecond transient absorption spectra demonstrated a biexponential decay of the triplet state of the NDI moiety. The fast component (lifetime: 50 ns; population ratio: 80 %) is assigned to the D1→D0 decay, and the slow decay component (2.0 μs; 20 %) to the Q1→D0 ISC. DFT computations indicated ferromagnetic interactions between the radical and chromophore (J=0.07–0.13 eV). Reversible formation of the radical anion of the NDI moiety by photoreduction of the radical‐NDI dyads in the presence of sacrificial electron donor triethanolamine (TEOA) is achieved. This work is useful for design of new triplet photosensitizers based on the REISC effect.
Recent Advances in Metal‐Mediated Stereoselective Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Functional Cyclic Esters towards Well‐Defined Poly(hydroxy acid)s: From Stereoselectivity to Sequence‐Control
Authors: Li Hui , Shakaroun Rama M. , Guillaume Sophie M. , Carpentier Jean‐François 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPoly(hydroxy acid)s are a family of biocompatible and (bio)degradable polyesters with various outcomes in different domains of application. To date, poly(hydroxy acid)s are best prepared by ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of the corresponding cyclic esters. Using racemic chiral monomers featuring side‐chain groups enables to access, providing a stereoselective catalyst/initiator system is implemented, stereoregular functional polymers, thereby improving their physico–chemical properties, and ultimately, widening their range of uses. Here, we highlight a few important advances in metal‐mediated stereoselective ROP of cyclic esters towards the synthesis of (functional) stereoregular poly(hydroxy acid)s that have recently been disclosed, emphasizing on (functional) β‐ and γ‐lactones, diolide and O‐carboxyanhydride (OCA) monomers and yttrium‐based catalysis. Fine‐tuning of the substituents flanked on the catalyst ligand enables reaching poly(hydroxy acid)s with syndiotactic and also isotactic microstructures. The stereocontrol mechanisms at work and their probable origin, relying on steric but also electronic factors imparted in particular by the ligand substituents, are discussed. Taking advantage of such stereoselective ROPs, original copoly(hydroxy acid)s with gradient or alternated patterns then become accessible from the use of mixtures of chemically different, oppositely configured enantiopure monomers.