bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ablative fractional resurfacing with laser‐facilitated steroid delivery for burn scar management: Does the depth of laser penetration matter?
Authors: Issler‐Fisher Andrea C. , Fisher Oliver M. , Haertsch Peter , Li Zhe , Maitz Peter K.M. 
Published: October 2019

Background and ObjectiveTo investigate whether the depth of ablative fractional CO2 laser (CO2‐AFL) penetration of pathological burn scars influences clinical outcomes.Study Design/Materials and MethodsAll patients presenting to the Concord Repatriation General Hospital (CRGH) Scar Clinic received ultrasound measurement at the thickest point of their burn scars. Subsequently, the effect of various CO2‐AFL settings (energy which correlates to penetration depths) on different outcome parameters was analysed. Patients were divided into five groups depending on minimal scar penetration depth.ResultsSeventy‐eight patients (158 scars) had complete data allowing for analysis. Median scar thickness was 3,400 μm and median laser scar penetration depth was 900 μm. Scar penetration categories were as follows: 0–25% (n = 40), 25–50% (n = 67), 50–75% (n = 31), 75–100% (n = 8), >100% (n = 3) of scar thickness. The median reduction in maximum scar thickness was 800 μm following one treatment (P < 0.001). However, this effect depended on scar penetration depth, whereby scars that were penetrated ≥75% showed no significant improvement in scar thickness and those penetrated >100% indicated a tendency to become worse. Other assessed outcome parameters included: the Vancouver Scar Scale, the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale, a neuropathic pain score (DN4 Pain Questionnaire), and a pruritus score (modified D4 Pruritus Score). All these factors showed significant improvement in the categories up to 75% scar penetration depth.ConclusionsCO2‐AFL scar penetration depth significantly influences subjective and objective pathologic burn scar modulation. The penetration depth of 51–75% achieves the greatest reduction in scar thickness. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Łoś's theorem and the axiom of choice
Authors: Tachtsis Eleftherios 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn set theory without the Axiom of Choice (), we investigate the problem of the placement of Łoś's Theorem () in the hierarchy of weak choice principles, and answer several open questions from the book Consequences of the Axiom of Choice by Howard and Rubin, as well as an open question by Brunner. We prove a number of results summarised in § 3.
An examination of data from the American Gut Project reveals that the dominance of the genus Bifidobacterium is associated with the diversity and robustness of the gut microbiota
Authors: Feng Yuqing , Duan Yunfeng , Xu Zhenjiang , Lyu Na , Liu Fei , Liang Shihao , Zhu Baoli 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are beneficial for human health, and many strains of these two genera are widely used as probiotics. We used two large datasets published by the American Gut Project (AGP) and a gut metagenomic dataset (NBT) to analyze the relationship between these two genera and the community structure of the gut microbiota. The meta‐analysis showed that Bifidobacterium, but not Lactobacillus, is among the dominant genera in the human gut microbiota. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was elevated when Lactobacillus was present. Moreover, these two genera showed a positive correlation with some butyrate producers among the dominant genera, and both were associated with alpha diversity, beta diversity, and the robustness of the gut microbiota. Additionally, samples harboring Bifidobacterium present but no Lactobacillus showed higher alpha diversity and were more robust than those only carrying Lactobacillus. Further comparisons with other genera validated the important role of Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiota robustness. Multivariate analysis of 11,744 samples from the AGP dataset suggested Bifidobacterium to be associated with demographic features, lifestyle, and disease. In summary, Bifidobacterium members, which are promoted by dairy and whole‐grain consumption, are more important than Lactobacillus in maintaining the diversity and robustness of the gut microbiota.
The role of polo‐like kinase 3 in the response of BRAF‐mutant cells to targeted anticancer therapies
Authors: Babagana Mahamat , Kichina Julia V. , Slabodkin Hannah , Johnson Sydney , Maslov Alexei , Brown Lorin , Attwood Kristopher , Nikiforov Mikhail A. , Kandel Eugene S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe activation of oncogenic mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascade via mutations in BRAF is often observed in human melanomas. Targeted inhibitors of BRAF (BRAFi), alone or as a part of a combination therapy, offer a significant benefit to such patients. Unfortunately, some cases are initially nonresponsive to these drugs, while others become refractory in the course of treatment, underscoring the need to understand and mitigate the underlying resistance mechanisms. We report that interference with polo‐like kinase 3 (PLK3) reduces the tolerance of BRAF‐mutant melanoma cells to BRAFi, while increased PLK3 expression has the opposite effect. Accordingly, PLK3 expression correlates with tolerance to BRAFi in a panel of BRAF‐mutant cell lines and is elevated in a subset of recurring BRAFi‐resistant melanomas. In PLK3‐expressing cells, R406, a kinase inhibitor whose targets include PLK3, recapitulates the sensitizing effects of genetic PLK3 inhibitors. The findings support a role for PLK3 as a predictor of BRAFi efficacy and suggest suppression of PLK3 as a way to improve the efficacy of targeted therapy.
The Movement Disorder Society Nonmotor Rating Scale: Initial Validation Study
Authors: Chaudhuri K. Ray , Schrag Anette , Weintraub Daniel , Rizos Alexandra , Rodriguez‐Blazquez Carmen , Mamikonyan Eugenia , Martinez‐Martin Pablo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Movement Disorder Society–sponsored Nonmotor Rating Scale is an update of the existing Parkinson's disease Nonmotor Symptoms Scale modified to address some limitations in Nonmotor Symptoms Scale scoring, structure, and symptom coverage.MethodsPD patients were recruited from movement disorder centers in an international, multicenter study. The Movement Disorder Society Nonmotor Rating Scale, consisting of 13 domains plus a subscale for nonmotor fluctuations, was rater administered, along with the Nonmotor Symptoms Scale and other clinical assessments. Standard reliability and validity testing were conducted.ResultsFour hundred and two PD patients were recruited (mean age ± standard deviation, 67.42 ± 9.96 years; mean age at PD onset ± standard deviation, 59.27 ± 10.67 years; median Hoehn and Yahr stage 2 (interquartile range 2–3). Data quality was satisfactory for all Movement Disorder Society Nonmotor Rating Scale domains except sexual (6.7% missing data). There were no floor or ceiling effects for the Movement Disorder Society Nonmotor Rating Scale and nonmotor fluctuations total score; domains had no ceiling effects, but some floor effects (13.5%–83.5%). The Movement Disorder Society Nonmotor Rating Scale and nonmotor fluctuations total score internal consistency were acceptable (average Cronbach's alpha, 0.66 and 0.84, respectively); interrater reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient, >0.95); for test‐retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.84 for the Movement Disorder Society Nonmotor Rating Scale and 0.70 for Movement Disorder Society nonmotor fluctuations total score, and precision was excellent for the Movement Disorder Society Nonmotor Rating Scale (standard error of measurement, 25.30) and fair for nonmotor fluctuations (standard error of measurement, 7.06). Correlations between Movement Disorder Society Nonmotor Rating Scale score and the corresponding Nonmotor Symptoms Scale and Movement Disorder Society UPDRS scores were high. There were no significant sex or age effects. The Movement Disorder Society Nonmotor Rating Scale score increased with increasing PD duration, disease severity, and PD medication dose (all P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe Movement Disorder Society Nonmotor Rating Scale is a valid measure for measuring the burden of a wide range of Nonmotor Rating Scale scores, including nonmotor fluctuations, in PD patients. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Validation of the Movement Disorder Society Criteria for the Diagnosis of 4‐Repeat Tauopathies
Authors: Respondek Gesine , Grimm Max‐Joseph , Piot Ines , Arzberger Thomas , Compta Yaroslau , Englund Elisabet , Ferguson Leslie W. , Gelpi Ellen , Roeber Sigrun , Giese Armin , Grossman Murray , Irwin David J. , Meissner Wassilios G. , Nilsson Christer , Pantelyat Alexander , Rajput Alex , van Swieten John C. , Troakes Claire , Höglinger Günter U. ,   for the Movement Disorder Society–Endorsed Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Study Group
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Movement Disorder Society criteria for progressive supranuclear palsy introduced the category “probable 4‐repeat (4R)‐tauopathy” for joint clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration.ObjectivesTo validate the accuracy of these clinical criteria for “probable 4R‐tauopathy” to predict underlying 4R‐tauopathy pathology.MethodsDiagnostic accuracy for 4R‐tauopathies according to the established criteria was estimated retrospectively in autopsy‐confirmed patients with progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration (grouped as 4R‐tauopathies), and Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (grouped as non‐4R‐tauopathies).ResultsWe identified 250 cases with progressive supranuclear palsy (N = 195) and corticobasal degeneration (N = 55) and with and non‐4R‐tauopathies (N = 161). Sensitivity and specificity of “probable 4R‐tauopathy” was 10% and 99% in the first year and 59% and 88% at final record.ConclusionsThe new diagnostic category “probable 4R‐tauopathy” showed high specificity and may be suitable for the recruitment of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration into therapeutic trials targeting 4R‐tauopathy. The low sensitivity underpins the need for diagnostic biomarkers. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
New insights into genetic variant spectrum and genotype–phenotype correlations of Rubinstein‐Taybi syndrome in 39 CREBBP‐positive patients
Authors: Pérez‐Grijalba Virginia , García‐Oguiza Alberto , López María , Armstrong Judith , García‐Miñaur Sixto , Mesa‐Latorre Jose María , O'Callaghan Mar , Pineda Marfa Mercé , Ramos‐Arroyo Maria Antonia , Santos‐Simarro Fernando , Seidel Verónica , Domínguez‐Garrido Elena 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundRubinstein‐Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by broad thumbs and halluces, intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, and growth retardation. Clinical manifestations of RSTS are varied and overlap with other syndromes’ phenotype, which makes clinical diagnosis challenging. CREBBP is the major causative gene (55%–60% of the cases), whereas pathogenic variants found in EP300 represent the molecular cause in 8% of RSTS patients. A wide range of CREBBP pathogenic variants have been reported so far, including point mutations (30%–50%) and large deletions (10%).MethodsThe aim of this study was to characterize the CREBBP genetic variant spectrum in 39 RSTS patients using Multiplex Ligation‐dependent Probe Amplification and DNA sequencing techniques (Sanger and Trio‐based whole‐exome sequencing).ResultsWe identified 15 intragenic deletions/duplications, ranging from one exon to the entire gene. As a whole, 25 de novo point variants were detected: 4 missense, 12 nonsense, 5 frameshift, and 4 splicing pathogenic variants. Three of them were classified as of uncertain significance and one of the patients carried two different variants.ConclusionSeventeen of the 40 genetic variants detected were reported for the first time in this work contributing, thus, to expand the molecular knowledge of this complex disorder.
Characterization of the renal phenotype in RMND1‐related mitochondrial disease
Authors: Shayota Brian J. , Le Nhon T. , Bekheirnia Nasim , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Goldstein Amy C. , Moritz Michael , Bartholomew Dennis W. , Pastore Matthew T. , Xia Fan , Eng Christine , Yang Yaping , Lamb Dolores J. , Scaglia Fernando , Braun Michael C. , Bekheirnia Mir Reza 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe nuclear encoded gene RMND1 (Required for Meiotic Nuclear Division 1 homolog) has recently been linked to RMND1‐related mitochondrial disease (RRMD). This autosomal recessive condition characteristically presents with an infantile‐onset multisystem disease characterized by severe hypotonia, global developmental delay, failure to thrive, sensorineural hearing loss, and lactic acidosis. Renal disease, however, appears to be one of the more prominent features of RRMD, affecting patients at significantly higher numbers compared to other mitochondrial diseases. We report the clinical, histological, and molecular findings of four RRMD patients across three academic institutions with a focus on the renal manifestations.MethodsFour patients were identified for the purpose of this study, all of whom had molecular confirmation at the time of inclusion, which included the common pathogenic variant c.713A>G (p.N238S) as well as the three rare variants: c.485delC (p.P162fs), c.533C>T (p.T178M), and c.1317 + 1G>C splice donor variant. Medical history and laboratory findings were collected from the medical records and medical providers.ResultsIn this study, all four patients developed renal disease characterized as tubulopathy (3/4), renal tubular acidosis (2/4), interstitial nephritis (1/4), and/or end‐stage renal disease (4/4) necessitating renal transplantation (2/4). Histological evaluation of renal biopsy specimens revealed generalized tubular atrophy and on electron microscopy, abundant mitochondria with pleomorphism and abnormal cristae.ConclusionOur experience with RRMD demonstrates a specific pattern of renal disease manifestations and clinical course. Patients are unlikely to respond to traditional chronic kidney disease (CKD) treatments, making early diagnosis and consideration of renal transplantation paramount to the management of RRMD.
Green Tea Extract Treatment in Obese Mice with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Restores the Hepatic Metabolome in Association with Limiting Endotoxemia‐TLR4‐NFκB‐Mediated Inflammation
Authors: Sasaki Geoffrey Y. , Li Jinhui , Cichon Morgan J. , Riedl Ken M. , Kopec Rachel E. , Bruno Richard S. 
Published: October 2019

ScopeCatechin‐rich green tea extract (GTE) alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by lowering endotoxin‐TLR4 (Toll‐like receptor‐4)‐NFκB (nuclear factor kappa‐B) inflammation. This study aimed to define altered MS‐metabolomic responses during high‐fat (HF)‐induced NASH that are restored by GTE utilizing livers from an earlier study in which GTE decreased endotoxin‐TLR4‐NFκB liver injury.Methods and resultsMice are fed a low‐fat (LF) or HF diet for 12 weeks and then randomized to LF or HF diets containing 0% or 2% GTE for an additional 8 weeks. Global MS‐based metabolomics and targeted metabolite profiling of catechins/catechin metabolites are evaluated. GTE in HF mice restores hepatic metabolites implicated in dyslipidemia insulin resistance, and inflammation. These include 122 metabolites: amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, vitamins, bile acids, flavonoids, xenobiotics, and carbohydrates. Hepatic amino acids, B‐vitamins, and bile acids are inversely correlated with biomarkers of insulin resistance, liver injury, steatosis, and inflammation. Further, phosphatidylcholine metabolites are positively correlated with biomarkers of liver injury and NFκB inflammation. Thirteen catechin metabolites are identified in livers of GTE‐treated mice, mostly as phase II conjugates of parental catechins or microbial‐derived valerolactones.ConclusionThe defined anti‐inflammatory/metabolic interactions advance an understanding of the mechanism by which GTE catechins protect against NFκB‐mediated liver injury in NASH.
Design of continuous high‐efficiency broadband linear power amplifier using two‐tone signal analysis
Authors: Qi Tian , He Songbai , Haider Muhammad F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this article, a novel method to design broadband linear power amplifier (BL‐PA) is presented. By adding the image parts for harmonics and intermodulation products (HIMPs), a suboptimal solution of efficiency and linearity in continuous frequencies can be achieved at a broadband to improve the efficiency and linearity performance of the BL‐PA. For verification, a BL‐PA operating 3.2‐3.8GHz is designed and the performances are assessed in multi modes.
Novel beam forming approach for rectangular planar array
Authors: Chen Jie , Yin Yingzeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA novel beam forming approach is presented for rectangular antenna array. The new method is a noniterative approach and suitable for any rectangular planar array. The array element excitation matrix of the new method is solved directly through two novel matrix formulas on the basis of the fixed target beam pattern and the array configuration. In the second new beam forming matrix formula, there are two adjustable weighting matrices with variable parameters that can be used to control the beam attenuation. Simulations of the new approach are conducted to show its performance. The results of simulations show that the new approach can well synthesize the targeted pattern and the second formula can form excellent null beams in the two‐dimensional beam pattern. The important advantages over other existing techniques of the new method are: (a) it is suitable for any rectangular planar array; (b) it is noniterative method and thus more simple and easy to use; (c) it can form null beam easily, which is in sharp contrast to the fact that other existing methods for rectangular planar array does not perform well in null beam forming and even cannot form null beam aside from few special case.
Two‐port ring‐shaped dielectric resonator‐based diversity radiator with dual‐band and dual‐polarized features
Authors: Bharti Gagandeep , Kumar Dharmendra , Gautam Anil K. , Sharma Anand 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this article, a two‐port dielectric resonator (DR)‐based multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) antenna is designed and examined. Some of the vital characteristics of designed antenna are: (a) modified plus shaped aperture fed ring DRA provides dual frequency bands, which can able to make proposed radiator useful for wireless LAN (2.4 GHz) and WiMAX frequency bands (3.3 GHz); (b) conversion of cylindrical to ring shaped DRA enhance the impedance bandwidth of both the operating band; (c) defected ground structure as well as using the idea of changing polarization at two different ports improves the isolation more than 20 dB in the working frequency range. For confirming the computer‐generated results, prototype of proposed two‐port radiator is fabricated. After observing the measured outcomes, it can be confirmed that the proposed antenna works over dual frequency ranges, that is, 2.3‐2.9 GHz/3.4‐4.0 GHz and it also creates CP waves in between 3.45 and 3.8 GHz. Far field and diversity parameters confirm that the designed radiator can be used in MIMO communication system.
A shared‐aperture S/X dual broadband microstrip antenna with one perforated patch
Authors: Kim Jae‐Hyun , Hong Sun K. , Kim Boo‐Gyoun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this article, a novel dual broadband shared‐aperture perforated patch antenna is presented. The proposed antenna features dual broadband characteristics (S‐ and X‐bands) and relatively uncomplicated design consisting of a three‐layer structure without involving air gaps. The S‐band part of the antenna utilizes the aperture resonance and three‐section feed line to achieve a 26.5% bandwidth, while the X‐band part utilizes both aperture and stacked patch resonances to achieve a 25.6% bandwidth. The performance of the proposed dual broadband patch antenna is validated via numerical simulation and measurement.
Propagation‐based x‐ray phase‐contrast tomography of mastectomy samples using synchrotron radiation
Authors: Gureyev T. E. , Nesterets Ya. I. , Baran P. M. , Taba S. T. , Mayo S. C. , Thompson D. , Arhatari B. , Mihocic A. , Abbey B. , Lockie D. , Fox J. , Kumar B. , Prodanovic Z. , Hausermann D. , Maksimenko A. , Hall C. , Peele A. G. , Dimmock M. , Pavlov K. M. , Cholewa M. , Lewis S. , Tromba G. , Quiney H. M. , Brennan P. C. 
Published: October 2019

PurposePropagation‐based phase‐contrast computed tomography (PB‐CT) is a method for three‐dimensional x‐ray imaging that utilizes refraction, as well as absorption, of x rays in the tissues to increase the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in the resultant images, in comparison with equivalent conventional absorption‐only x‐ray tomography (CT). Importantly, the higher SNR is achieved without sacrificing spatial resolution or increasing the radiation dose delivered to the imaged tissues. The present work has been carried out in the context of the current development of a breast CT imaging facility at the Australian Synchrotron.MethodsSeven unfixed complete mastectomy samples with and without breast cancer lesions have been imaged using absorption‐only CT and PB‐CT techniques under controlled experimental conditions. The radiation doses delivered to the mastectomy samples during the scans were comparable to those approved for mammographic screening. Physical characteristics of the reconstructed images, such as spatial resolution and SNR, have been measured and compared with the results of the radiological quality assessment of the complete absorption CT and PB‐CT image stacks.ResultsDespite the presence of some image artefacts, the PB‐CT images have outperformed comparable absorption CT images collected at the same radiation dose, in terms of both the measured objective image characteristics and the radiological image scores. The outcomes of these experiments are shown to be consistent with predictions of the theory of PB‐CT imaging and previous reported experimental studies of this imaging modality.ConclusionsThe results presented in this paper demonstrate that PB‐CT holds a high potential for improving on the quality and diagnostic value of images obtained using existing medical x‐ray technologies, such as mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). If implemented at suitable synchrotron imaging facilities, PB‐CT can be used to complement existing imaging modalities, leading to more accurate breast cancer diagnosis.