bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent mechanisms for mammalian cone light adaptation
Authors: Vinberg Frans , Kefalov Vladimir J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVision is mediated by two types of photoreceptors: rods, enabling vision in dim light; and cones, which function in bright light. Despite many similarities in the components of their respective phototransduction cascades, rods and cones have distinct sensitivity, response kinetics, and adaptation capacity. Cones are less sensitive and have faster responses than rods. In addition, cones can function over a wide range of light conditions whereas rods saturate in moderately bright light. Calcium plays an important role in regulating phototransduction and light adaptation of rods and cones. Notably, the two dominant Ca2+-feedbacks in rods and cones are driven by the identical calcium-binding proteins: guanylyl cyclase activating proteins 1 and 2 (GCAPs), which upregulate the production of cGMP; and recoverin, which regulates the inactivation of visual pigment. Thus, the mechanisms producing the difference in adaptation capacity between rods and cones have remained poorly understood. Using GCAPs/recoverin-deficient mice, we show that mammalian cones possess another Ca2+-dependent mechanism promoting light adaptation. Surprisingly, we also find that, unlike in mouse rods, a unique Ca2+-independent mechanism contributes to cone light adaptation. Our findings point to two novel adaptation mechanisms in mouse cones that likely contribute to the great adaptation capacity of cones over rods.
Mapping anaerobic sludge bed community adaptations to manure supernatant in biogas reactors
Authors: Nordgård Anna Synnøve Røstad , Bergland Wenche Hennie , Bakke Rune , Østgaard Kjetill , Bakke Ingrid 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors, biomass present as granules allows for long solids retention time. Here, granules from a process treating pulp and paper industrial wastewater were successfully applied as inoculum in UASB reactors treating pig manure supernatant, despite high particle content and high ammonium concentrations in the influent. We did a detailed characterization of archaeal and bacterial communities associated with the inoculum and with the aggregated and dispersed fractions of the influent and the reactors after one year of operation. The granular communities underwent major changes and adapted to the highly distinct conditions without disintegration of the granules. Although the granules persisted in the reactors, non-granular aggregates accumulated, and partly replaced the granules. Particles introduced to the reactors by the pig manure influent apparently contributed both as food and biofilm growth support. Archaeal communities in the dispersed reactor phase were similar to those dispersed in the influents, implying successful retention and little loss of archaeal biomass due to detachment or disintegration of granules and other aggregates. Unique bacterial communities developed in the dispersed fraction of the reactors despite of low hydraulic retention times. They probably consisted of fast growing organisms consuming readily degradable organic matter.
Delay in the dispersal of flocks moving in unbounded space using long-range interactions
Authors: Zumaya Martín , Larralde Hernán , Aldana Maximino 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSince the pioneering work by Vicsek and his collaborators on the motion of self-propelled particles, most of the subsequent studies have focused on the onset of ordered states through a phase transition driven by particle density and noise. Usually, the particles in these systems are placed within periodic boundary conditions and interact via short-range velocity alignment forces. However, when the periodic boundaries are eliminated, letting the particles move in open space, the system is not able to organize into a coherently moving group since even small amounts of noise cause the flock to break apart. While the phase transition has been thoroughly studied, the conditions to keep the flock cohesive in open space are still poorly understood. Here we extend the Vicsek model of collective motion by introducing long-range alignment interactions between the particles. We show that just a small number of these interactions is enough for the system to build up long lasting ordered states of collective motion in open space and in the presence of noise. This finding was verified for other models in addition to the Vicsek one, suggesting its generality and revealing the importance that long-range interactions can have for the cohesion of the flock.
Uric acid enhances alteplase-mediated thrombolysis as an antioxidant
Authors: Kikuchi Kiyoshi , Setoyama Kentaro , Tanaka Eiichiro , Otsuka Shotaro , Terashi Takuto , Nakanishi Kazuki , Takada Seiya , Sakakima Harutoshi , Ampawong Sumate , Kawahara Ko-ichi , Nagasato Tomoka , Hosokawa Kazuya , Harada Yoichiro , Yamamoto Mika , Kamikokuryo Chinatsu , Kiyama Ryoji , Morioka Motohiro , Ito Takashi , Maruyama Ikuro , Tancharoen Salunya 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUric acid (UA) therapy may prevent early ischemic worsening after acute stroke in thrombolysis patients. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of UA on the thrombolytic efficacy of alteplase in human blood samples by measuring thrombolysis under flow conditions using a newly developed microchip-based flow-chamber assay. Human blood samples from healthy volunteers were exposed to UA, alteplase, or a combination of UA and alteplase. Whole blood and platelet-rich plasma were perfused over a collagen- and thromboplastin-coated microchip, and capillary occlusion was monitored with a video microscope and flow-pressure sensor. The area under the curve (extent of thrombogenesis or thrombolysis) at 30 minutes was 92% lower in the UA–alteplase-treated group compared with the alteplase-treated group. D-dimers were measured to evaluate these effects in human platelet-poor plasma samples. Although hydrogen peroxide significantly decreased the elevation of D-dimers by alteplase, UA significantly inhibited the effect of hydrogen peroxide. Meanwhile, rat models of thromboembolic cerebral ischemia were treated with either alteplase or UA–alteplase combination therapy. Compared with alteplase alone, the combination therapy reduced the infarct volume and inhibited haemorrhagic transformation. UA enhances alteplase-mediated thrombolysis, potentially by preventing oxidative stress, which inhibits fibrinolysis by alteplase in thrombi.
Genome-wide RNA-seq analysis indicates that the DAG1 transcription factor promotes hypocotyl elongation acting on ABA, ethylene and auxin signaling
Authors: Lorrai Riccardo , Gandolfi Francesco , Boccaccini Alessandra , Ruta Veronica , Possenti Marco , Tramontano Anna , Costantino Paolo , Lepore Rosalba , Vittorioso Paola 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHypocotyl elongation is influenced by light and hormones, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not yet fully elucidated. We had previously suggested that the Arabidopsis DOF transcription factor DAG1 may be a negative component of the mechanism of light-mediated inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, as light-grown dag1 knock-out mutant seedlings show significant shorter hypocotyls than the wild type. By using high-throughput RNA-seq, we compared the transcriptome profile of dag1 and wild type hypocotyls and seedlings. We identified more than 250 genes differentially expressed in dag1 hypocotyls, and their analysis suggests that DAG1 is involved in the promotion of hypocotyl elongation through the control of ABA, ethylene and auxin signaling. Consistently, ChIP-qPCR results show that DAG1 directly binds to the promoters of WRKY18 encoding a transcription factor involved in ABA signaling, of the ethylene- induced gene ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF2), and of the SMALL AUXIN UP RNA 67 (SAUR67), an auxin-responding gene encoding a protein promoting hypocotyl cell expansion.
Intravital Two-photon Imaging of Ca2+ signaling in Secretory Organs of Yellow Cameleon Transgenic Mice
Authors: Jin Kai , Imada Toshihiro , Nakamura Shigeru , Izuta Yusuke , Oonishi Erina , Shibuya Michiko , Sakaguchi Hisayo , Adachi Takahiro , Tsubota Kazuo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) signaling regulates physiological functions in most cells. In secretory organs, such as the pancreas, salivary gland, and lacrimal gland (LG), [Ca2+]i elevation in acinar cells triggers fluid secretion, which plays vital roles in the maintenance of functional health across the life-course. It is important to understand the secretory mechanism of secretory organs, but lack of analytic systems available for living animals limits the scope of research to gain deeper insights into the precise mechanism of secretion. We established an intravital imaging system for specific cell types of secretory organs to monitor the [Ca2+]i changes using mouse line expressing Yellow Cameleon 3.60, a genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator. Elevation of [Ca2+]i in specific cell types of secretory organs could be monitored after cholinergic stimulation ex vivo and intravitally. We found that a marked attenuation of LG [Ca2+]i response to cholinergic stimulation was induced under pathological conditions by postganglionic denervation. Intravital Ca2+ imaging in secretory organs will broaden our understanding of the cellular mechanisms in animal models of secretory diseases.
Non‐isolated high gain DC–DC converter with low device stress and input current ripple
Authors: Sri Revathi B. , Mahalingam Prabhakar 
Published: October 2018

In this article, a novel DC–DC converter with high voltage gain capability is presented. The proposed converter is synthesised from (i) a basic two‐phase interleaved boost converter (IBC) which uses coupled inductors (CIs) instead of discrete inductors and (ii) diode‐capacitor multiplier (DCM) cells to achieve higher voltage conversion ratio. The outputs obtained from the interleaved and the DCM stages are judiciously cascaded with the outputs obtained from the secondary winding of the CIs to enhance the voltage gain. The input current is almost ripple free due to the adopted interleaving mechanism. As voltage gain is extended using CIs and DCMs, the voltage stress on the semiconductor devices is minimal and only a fraction (10.5%) of the output voltage. Experimental results obtained from the 18 V/380 V, 150 W prototype converter, operating at a maximum efficiency of 94% under full‐load condition, validate the proposed concept. Further, practical results obtained under closed‐loop condition confirm that the converter yields a constant output of 380 V DC which is suitable for microgrid application.
Design and optimisation of cushioning structure of hydraulic free‐piston engine
Authors: Chen Qihuai , Ren Haoling , Lin Tianliang , Miao Cheng , Fu Shengjie 
Published: October 2018

The velocity of the free‐piston assembly (FPA) of the hydraulic free‐piston engine (HFPE) is very high, which is up to 10 m/s. In order to avoid the collision of the FPA to the cylinder head when the FPA moves towards the dead centres, the cushioning device must be involved. A cushioning structure which combines the sidestep‐shape cushion and flute‐shape cushion is proposed according to the working principle of the HFPE. The mathematical model of the cushioning is set up, and key parameters are obtained. AMESim is employed to analyse the cushioning process and the influence of the key parameters on the cushioning process. The optimised parameters are obtained according to the simulation. The test rig is established to verify the effectiveness of the cushioning structure according to the optimised parameters. The experiment results show that the proposed cushioning structure is reliable. The maximum pressure during the cushioning process is 19 MPa, and cushioning time is 12 ms. The cushioning structure has little influence on the starting process of HFPE.
Improved design and parameter optimisation of the transmission mechanism of a tobacco stalk pull‐out crusher
Authors: Zhang Dabin , Shu Chengsong , Zhang Yuanchang , Zhang Yunfei , Wei Jianyu 
Published: October 2018

In order to eliminate the plug stem phenomenon and reduce the transmission power consumption of the self‐developed integrated tobacco stalk pull‐out crusher transmission mechanism when the culms are pulled out at high speed in the field, based on the analysis of the reasons of plug stem, a new rubber‐type roller pair transmission mechanism with easy disassembly and adjustable spacing was designed. Through the force analysis, the mathematical model of the force, deformation and transmission power of the tobacco stalk during the extrusion and transportation phase was obtained, and the test platform of the tobacco stalk pull‐out crusher transmission mechanism was built to carry out the orthogonal rotation combination test. The test results show that the optimal working parameter combination within the range of test factors is: the roller speed is 530 r/min, the II pair of roller spacing is 90 mm, the III pair of roller spacing is 30 mm, and the tobacco stalk feeding rate is 1.5 s/n. At this time, the plugging rate of stem is 2.22%, the transmission power consumption is 645 W, and the actual average leak stalk rate obtained by repeating 10 tests under this parameter is 3.33%, and the actual transmission power consumption is 684 W, the actual plugging rate of stem and transmission power are basically consistent with the optimized values, indicating that the improved design structure is reasonable, and the established regression model is basically reliable.
Practical Negotiation for Medical Professionals
Authors: Eisemann Bradley , Wagner Ryan , Reece Edward 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDespite incredible advances in medical innovation and education, many students finish medical school, and physicians finish residency, without sound business acumen regarding the financial realities of the modern profession. The curriculum in medical schools and residency programs too often neglects teaching the business of medicine. This overview addresses how physicians can utilize effective negotiation strategies to help develop a medical practice or add value to an existing practice or institution. The authors applied the six foundations of effective negotiating, detailed by Richard Shell in his Bargaining for Advantage, to the medical field to demonstrate the processes involved in effective negotiating. They then outlined a strategy for physicians to adopt when negotiating and showed how this strategy can be used to add value. The six foundations include: developing a personal bargaining style, setting realistic goals, determining authoritative standards, establishing relationships, exploring the other party's interests, and gaining leverage. As physicians complete training, the ability to solely focus on medical knowledge and clinical patient care disappears. It is crucial that physicians invest the time and energy into preparing for the business aspects of this profession in much the same way they prepare for the clinical care of patients. This overview seeks to define the basics of negotiation, characterize the application of negotiation principles toward clinical medicine, and lay the foundation for further discussion and investigation.
pJRES Binning Algorithm (JBA): a new method to facilitate the recovery of metabolic information from pJRES 1H NMR spectra
Authors: Rodriguez-Martinez Andrea , Ayala Rafael , Posma Joram M , Harvey Nikita , Jiménez Beatriz , Sonomura Kazuhiro , Sato Taka-Aki , Matsuda Fumihiko , Zalloua Pierre , Gauguier Dominique , Nicholson Jeremy K , Dumas Marc-Emmanuel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMotivationData processing is a key bottleneck for 1H NMR-based metabolic profiling of complex biological mixtures, such as biofluids. These spectra typically contain several thousands of signals, corresponding to possibly few hundreds of metabolites. A number of binning-based methods have been proposed to reduce the dimensionality of 1 D 1H NMR datasets, including statistical recoupling of variables (SRV). Here, we introduce a new binning method, named JBA (“pJRES Binning Algorithm”), which aims to extend the applicability of SRV to pJRES spectra.ResultsThe performance of JBA is comprehensively evaluated using 617 plasma 1H NMR spectra from the FGENTCARD cohort. The results presented here show that JBA exhibits higher sensitivity than SRV to detect peaks from low-abundance metabolites. In addition, JBA allows a more efficient removal of spectral variables corresponding to pure electronic noise, and this has a positive impact on multivariate model buildingAvailability and implementationThe algorithm is implemented using the MWASTools R/Bioconductor package.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Staphylococcus aureus Decolonization of Mice With Monoclonal Antibody Neutralizing Protein A
Authors: Chen Xinhai , Sun Yan , Missiakas Dominique , Schneewind Olaf 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus persistently colonizes the nasopharynx of about one-third of the human population, a key risk factor for community- and hospital-acquired invasive infections. Current strategies for S. aureus decolonization include topical and systemic administration of antibiotics, which is associated with selection for antibiotic resistance and posttreatment recolonization. Using a mouse model for S. aureus colonization, we show here that systemic administration of a recombinant monoclonal antibody neutralizing staphylococcal protein A (SpA) can stimulate antibacterial immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A responses and promote S. aureus decolonization. These results suggest that antibody neutralizing SpA, a B-cell superantigen, may also be useful for S. aureus decolonization in humans.
Familial Risks and Mortality in Second Primary Cancers in Melanoma
Authors: Chattopadhyay Subhayan , Hemminki Akseli , Försti Asta , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Hemminki Kari 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundMalignant melanoma (MM) patients are at increasing risk of developing second primary cancers (SPCs). We assessed mortality and risk of SPCs in MM patients with siblings or parents affected with same cancer compared with that of the general population.MethodsWe used the Swedish Family-Cancer Database to assess relative risks (RRs) and causes of death in SPCs until 2015 in patients with a MM diagnosis between 1958 and 2015. We identified 35 451patients with MM among whom 3212 received a subsequent diagnosis of SPC. RRs of SPCs after MM diagnosis were calculated stratifying over concordant family history of cancer in first-degree relatives.ResultsFamilial RRs were increased for second melanoma (RR = 19.28, 95% CI = 16.71 to 22.25), squamous cell skin cancer (RR = 7.58, 95% CI = 5.57 to 10.29), leukemia (RR = 5.69, 95% CI = 2.96 to 10.94), bladder (RR = 4.15, 95% CI = 2.50 to 6.89), ovarian (RR = 3.89, 95% CI = 1.46 to 10.37), kidney cancer (RR = 3.77, 95% CI = 1.57 to 9.06), cancer of unknown primary (RR = 3.67, 95% CI = 1.65 to 8.16), nervous system (RR = 2.88, 95% CI = 1.20 to 6.93), breast (RR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.92 to 2.84), lung (RR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.50 to 3.35), and prostate cancer (RR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.89 to 2.61) with statistical significance. For all cancers, familial RR was in excess (2.09, 95% CI = 2.02 to 2.16 vs 1.78, 95% CI = 1.69 to 1.87; Ptrend < .0001). Cause of death in MM patients with SPC is shown to be dependent on the cancer site though SPCs contributed to majority of deaths.ConclusionsSPCs appear higher with prior family history of cancer and contribute to mortality. SPC was the most common cause of death in patients with SPC and is almost uniformly the major contributing cause of death for all cancer sites. For improved survival in MM patients, prevention and early detection of SPCs would be important.
Gleeson on the International Regulation of Banking
Authors: Gleeson Simon 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Financial capital regulation drives almost every aspect of the financial markets, from the structures of financial groups and the way they raise capital to the development of investment structures and financial engineering such as derivatives, securitisations, structured finance, credit derivatives, repos, and stock lending. This third edition of the leading guide on the structure of bank financial regulation is invaluable for lawyers and other non-statisticians interested in the regulatory drivers which shape modern financial transactions and techniques. The legal and regulatory principles which underlie the regulations are articulated here in a structured and accessible format. Since the publication of the second edition, the final form of the Basel 3 international regulatory framework for banks has been agreed, and the new edition covers both Basel 3 and references the first tranche of rulebooks and secondary legislation to ensue as a result. The new edition also covers the new formal bank resolution and recovery regime which came into force in November 2016 requiring UK banks, building societies, and the large investment firms to demonstrate minimum requirements for eligible liabilities and own funds. Another key focus of this edition is bank structural reform. Whilst the implementation of the EU initiative stalled and was ultimately withdrawn, the UK has already implemented its own version which has had, and will continue to have, a significant impact on banking regulation.
Operational Risk Requirements
Authors: Gleeson Simon 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Operational risk is the ‘risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, and systems or from external events’. Banks are required to control their operational risk exposure. This chapter discusses the three approaches Basel 2 offers to determine operational risk: the basic indicator approach, the standardized approach, and the advanced measurement approach (AMA). The first two mechanisms which Basel provides for calculating operational risk eschew the analysis of operational risks themselves, and operate on a percentage of lead indicator basis. However, the third approach, i.e. the AMA, permits banks to assess the actual incidence and severity of operational risk within the institution, and to model a charge based on that information.
Liquidity Requirements
Authors: Gleeson Simon 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter discusses liquidity requirements under Basel 3. The basis of all liquidity regulation remains the BCBS principles for sound liquidity management, which provide detailed guidance on the risk management of liquidity and are intended to promote better risk management in this area. These are supplemented by the liquidity monitoring tools set out in the BCBS paper Basel III: The Liquidity Coverage Ratio and liquidity risk monitoring tools. There is also a move away from modelling and towards a less flexible, less risk-based architecture which prioritises comparability and even-handedness over accuracy and effectiveness. Moreover, supervisors are mandated to operate a comprehensive programme of liquidity supervision over and above the mechanical requirements.
Liquidity Coverage Ratio and Net Stable Funding Ratio
Authors: Gleeson Simon 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter discusses the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR). The LCR is designed to make sure that the bank has sufficient liquidity to survive short-term shocks; the NSFR is designed to make sure that the bank's balance sheet is not too excessively mismatched between long- and short-term funding. In essence, LCR is a requirement that the bank has sufficient liquid assets to get through a 30-day period of high stress, whilst NSFR is a requirement that the bank's long-term assets be substantially funded by long-term liabilities. Both of these tests require some heroic assumptions about access to funding, likely roll-off of liabilities, and so on.