bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embryoid body-based differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells into cells with a corneal stromal keratocyte phenotype
Authors: Chen Jie , Ou Qingjian , Liu Yifan , Cui Tingting , Yang Huimin , Tang Jiancen , Lu Lixia , Xu Guotong , Cui Hongping , Jin Caixia , Li Qian 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThe transparency of the cornea is determined by the extracellular matrix, which is secreted by corneal stromal keratocytes (CSKs). Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived keratocytes (hiPSC-CSKs) can be used in cell-based therapy for treating corneal blindness. Our goal was to develop an effective small molecule-based technique for differentiating hiPSCs into keratocytes.Methods and analysishiPSCs were cultured in chemically defined medium, and embryoid bodies (EBs) were generated; these EBs were induced into CSKs using keratocyte-differentiated medium. The expression of keratocyte-specific markers was assessed using quantitative RT-PCR, immunostaining and Western blotting.ResultsWe found that the expression of genes encoding keratocyte markers, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1), lumican and keratocan, was upregulated. Immunostaining showed positive staining for ALDH1A1 and keratocan in the hiPSC-CSK samples. Similarly, western blot analysis indicated that ALDH1A1 and keratocan expression levels were significantly greater in the hiPSC-CSKs than in the control cells. In addition, hiPSC-CSKs were not transformed into fibroblasts or myofibroblasts.ConclusionWe established an innovative and effective method to generate CSKs via the EB-based differentiation of hiPSCs, which might be employed for cell-based therapy of corneal stromal opacities.
Clot-in-transit and pulmonary embolism: an urgent call for awareness and action
Authors: Di Marino Mario , Cicchitti Vincenzo , Ianni Umberto , Ricci Fabrizio , Mantini Cesare , Niccoli Giampaolo , Pelliccia Francesco , Gallina Sabina , De Caterina Raffaele , Kaski Juan-Carlos , Mamas Mamas A , Zimarino Marco 
Published: November 2024

Patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) have a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, from incidental findings to sudden cardiac death. Management and treatment recommendations in currently available guidelines vary according to patient risk and haemodynamic profile. A clot-in-transit (CiT) in the right heart chambers may be occasionally identified and is, therefore, an under-recognised but challenging condition, often preceding an abrupt clinical deterioration, and associated with increased mortality. Data on the detection of a CiT are sparse but consistent in attributing negative prognostic relevance, and therefore the presence of CiT should be systematically investigated and recorded in the setting of PE.In this review, the challenges related to the identification of a CiT are highlighted. Here, we propose an algorithm where the role of the Pulmonary Embolism Response Team (PERT) is reinforced. The PERT should convene once the CiT is suspected, to define the timeline for the diagnostic steps and subsequent management on a case-by-case basis. A patient with PE and CiT requires close bedside monitoring and rapid escalation therapy in case of clinical deterioration. Beyond anticoagulation alone, more aggressive strategies can be considered, including systemic thrombolysis, surgical pulmonary embolectomy and the currently emerging catheter-directed therapies. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024493303.
Psychosocial risks faced by olive workers in Spain: evaluated using the ‘Mini Psychosocial Factors’ questionnaire
Authors: Olivencia-Manzano María , Gómez-Galán Marta , Díaz-Pérez Manuel , Callejon-Ferre Angel Jesus 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundSpain has the largest olive-growing area in Europe. The goal of the present research is to evaluate the psychosocial risks faced by workers in the olive groves of Jaén (the largest olive grove region of Spain).MethodThis method consists of 15 questions that analyse a total of 12 variables (mental load, demands, health, etc). A total of 502 questionnaires were completed. The method was performed using a non-stratified (with respect to the location of the growing areas) random selection with ‘Universal Transverse Mercator’ coordinates on a map of Jaen extracted from Andalusia region mapping. Multiple correspondence analysis, the Burt table and descriptive statistics (with a χ2test) have been used to analyse the results.ResultsThe responses of all the workers are identified in detail in the Burt table. Olive grove workers, regardless of their characteristics or the type of farm, are at a medium risk level for the different psychosocial factors (around 57% on average). The low-risk level is the next most common (around 36% on average). On average, only 7% of individuals are found at the high-risk level (only intensive olive groves exceed 10% of individuals at this risk level). Using multiple correspondence analysis, a video has been created to demonstrate the relationship between all the categories of all the variables studied from various perspectives in three dimensions. The first dimension captures mainly aspects of the social working environment (relation, recognition, support, compensation, control, mental load), whereas the second dimension captures mainly work demands (rhythm, demands). The third dimension is more about physical status (weight, body mass index).ConclusionThe risks found will improve injury prevention and are possibly caused by mismanagement of prevention. The extreme drought conditions of the 2022/2023 agricultural season could have affected the demands faced by workers.
Epidemiology of burn injuries in a Canadian population during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Michelberger Alexander , Macpherson Alison K , Rotondi Michael 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic affected burn injury patterns in many countries, but literature on this topic in Canada is limited. The objective of this study is to investigate the changes in the epidemiology of burn injuries in a Canadian population during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsData from the Canadian Institute for Health Information were used to evaluate differences in emergency department visits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Logistic regression models estimated the odds of a severe burn occurrence.ResultsDuring the pandemic, there were significant decreases in emergency department visits for burns. Distributions of factors associated with burns showed little to no change. The pandemic period, age, sex, income, month and time of day were significantly associated with severe burns during the study time period.ConclusionsThe study found large reductions in the number of emergency department visits during the pandemic, but no evidence of changes in the epidemiology of burns or patterns in the patient populations. Demographic factors associated with severe burns were identified. These factors should be studied to deepen the understanding of the relationship between burn injuries and patient populations.
Analysing programme implementation across districts: a qualitative study of a national falls prevention initiative for older people in New Zealand
Authors: Pirouzi Maryam , Selak Vanessa , Tenbensel Tim 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundFalls among older people are a major cause of the global burden of disease. This study investigated the implementation of the Falls and Fracture Prevention Programme, a multicomponent population-based intervention, across diverse districts in New Zealand.MethodsWe conducted a comparative case study through 28 semi-structured interviews with programme coordinators and managers across four districts. Transcripts were analysed using the programme framework, focusing on the implementation and outcomes of three primary components: Community Strength and Balance, In-Home Strength and Balance and Fracture Liaison Service.ResultsWe found both similarities and differences in the implementation of the programme’s components. All districts successfully engaged community providers to deliver accredited group exercises for Community Strength and Balance, though there were variations in human resources and community awareness of sessions. In-Home Strength and Balance implementation differed, affecting attendance, with successful implementation linked to empowering private physiotherapy organisations; however, funding withdrawal raised sustainability concerns. Variations in the Fracture Liaison Service implementation underscored inconsistencies in patient identification, highlighting the importance of primary care engagement and standardised protocols. Primary care involvement across all components was essential for successful implementation, and districts with higher primary care engagement and well-planned awareness sessions reported increased patient attendance.ConclusionsOverall, effective screening, primary care engagement and collaboration with private organisations and community providers were vital for the successful implementation of this population-based falls prevention programme.
Ethics round table: choice and autonomy in obstetrics
Authors: Wilkinson Dominic , Teli Safoora , Litchfield Claire , Madeley Anna , Kelly Brenda , Impey Lawrence , Brown Rebecca CH , Kingma Elselijn , Turnham Helen Lynne 
Published: November 2024

Decisions about how and where they deliver their baby are extremely important to pregnant women. There are very strong ethical norms that women’s autonomy should be respected, and that plans around birth should be personalised. However, there appear to be profound challenges in practice to respecting women’s choices in pregnancy and labour. Choices carry risks and consequences—to the woman and her child; also potentially to her caregivers and to other women.What does it mean for women’s autonomy to be respected in obstetrics? How should health professionals respond to refusals of treatment or requests for care outside normal guidelines? What are the ethical limits to autonomy? In this clinical ethics round table, service users, midwives, obstetricians, philosophers and ethicists respond to two hypothetical cases drawn from real-life scenarios.
Interferon-α as a biomarker to predict renal outcomes in lupus nephritis
Authors: Whittall Garcia Laura Patricia , Gladman Dafna D , Urowitz Murray , Bonilla Dennisse , Schneider Raphael , Touma Zahi , Wither Joan 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveTo determine if serum interferon (IFN)-α levels at the time of a lupus nephritis (LN) flare are associated with renal outcomes.MethodsPatients with an LN flare who had a preflare estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min were included in the study. The following outcomes were ascertained: (1) Time to first and second LN flares during follow-up, (2) Time to a sustained decline in eGFR by 30% and 50%, and progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD, <15 mL/min), and (3) Time to an adverse renal event (≥2 renal flares and/or at least a 30% sustained decline in eGFR during follow-up). Serum IFN-α was measured by Simoa.Results92 patients with active LN were included in the study. Elevated serum baseline levels of IFN-α predicted poor renal outcomes. Patients with higher baseline IFN-α had a greater risk of having two or more subsequent LN flares (HR: 1.31 (1.08–1.59), p=0.006), sustained 30% decline in eGFR (HR: 1.27 (1.14–1.40), p<0.001), 50% decline in eGFR (HR: 1.27 (1.12–1.33), p<0.001) and progressing to ESRD (HR: 1.29 (1.14–1.47), p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified an IFN-α cut-off, 0.6 pg/ml, for predicting an adverse renal event.ConclusionsElevated serum IFN-α levels measured at the time of an LN flare are associated with poor renal outcomes, including the development of ≥2 LN flares, and a clinically meaningful decline in kidney function.
‘Authentic’ or ‘corny’: LGBTQ+ young adults respond to visual, thematic and semantic elements of culturally targeted tobacco public education advertisements
Authors: Ennis Alysha C , Meadows Ashley , Jankowski Emma , Miller Caitlin , Curran Hayley , Elson Elle , Galusha Sydney , Turk Grace , Stanwick Monica , Patterson Joanne G 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ+) young adults (YA) experience disparities in nicotine and tobacco use. Mass-reach health communications can prevent nicotine and tobacco initiation and progression, but LGBTQ+adults report low engagement. Although cultural targeting (CT) could reach LGBTQ+YA, we know little about the strategies that resonate with this population. We probed how LGBTQ+YA perceived CT content to inform tobacco public education campaigns on strategies to engage this population.MethodsWe conducted six focus groups with N=20 LGBTQ+YA (18–35) who had ever used vapes, cigarettes or both. We showed participants examples of CT tobacco public education campaigns, probed their opinions and perceptions and coded transcripts using a data-driven inductive approach.ResultsParticipants were more inclined to view an ad as effective when they felt it was authentically created for the LGBTQ+community. Avoiding stereotyping, including diversity, using ‘subtle’ LGBTQ+iconography (ie, rainbows), and including personal experiences all contributed to the authenticity of the ad. Participants discussed the importance of visual appeal; bright colours made ads appear too corporate or like an ad for a tobacco product. Lastly, participants responded well to gain-framed messages rather than traditional risk messaging.ConclusionTobacco public education ads featuring ‘every-day’ LGBTQ+people in candid or unposed shots, personal stories with gain-framed messaging, and subtle Pride iconography and colours may increase acceptability among LGBTQ+YA. Researchers should focus on cultivating authenticity in ads and avoid outdated trends by consulting with the community and moving with speed from development to implementation.
Lived experiences of stigma and altered self-perceptions among young people who are addicted to ENDS: a qualitative study from Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Graham-DeMello Anna , Sanders Carissa , Hosking Renee , Teddy Lani , Ball Jude , Gallopel-Morvan Karine , van der Eijk Yvette , Hammond David , Hoek Janet 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionRising use of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) among young people, especially those who have never smoked, has received considerable attention from the health community. However, fewer studies have examined the mental health impacts of ENDS use. We addressed this gap by exploring the stigma, altered self-perceptions and negative affect experienced by adolescents who assessed themselves as addicted to using ENDS.MethodsWe interviewed 20 adolescents aged 16–18 who lived in Aotearoa New Zealand and assessed themselves as moderately or highly addicted to ENDS use. Using in-depth, semistructured qualitative interviews, we explored participants’ experiences of addiction and its effects on their well-being. We interpreted the data using an inductive reflexive thematic analysis approach.ResultsWe identified four key themes. First, addiction to ENDS use adversely affected participants’ physical and mental health. Second, addiction greatly diminished the pleasurable effects ENDS use first provided and participants who initially enjoyed using ENDS now felt unable to stop. Third, participants felt judged, stigmatised and belittled by others who did not understand their struggle with addiction. Fourth, they experienced several negative emotions, including self-blame, regret, disappointment and embarrassment that diminished how they saw themselves.ConclusionsWe extend earlier studies by probing the mental health burden ENDS use imposes on young people, offer new insights into how they experience addiction and outline potential policy responses. Measures reducing young people’s access to ENDS are urgently needed alongside empathetic, youth-oriented cessation support.
Impact of the intensified follow-up procedure of patients lost to 6-month follow-up after an intensive smoking and nicotine cessation intervention in practice: a cohort study
Authors: Roga Nawal Fayyaz , Liljendahl Mie Sylow , Tønnesen Hanne 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundPost-intervention follow-up is challenging in research and practice. In tobacco reports, patients with missing follow-up were considered smokers. Based on patient and staff preferences, an add-on intensified follow-up procedure after intensive tobacco and nicotine cessation interventions was developed. This study examined the impact of the new procedure on patients lost to follow-up and compared their cessation status with that of those who completed routine follow-up.MethodsBetween January and February 2023, 2114 patients participated in the Danish STOPbase for Tobacco and Nicotine after providing informed consent. Overall, 1529 (72%) patients completed routine 6-month follow-up interviews, 136 (6%) patients rejected follow-up participation and 449 (21%) patients were lost to follow-up. Of the 449 patients, 225 patients were randomly selected to undergo the new follow-up procedure with repeated information, up to four extra calls, texts and voice messages from known telephone numbers.ResultsUsing the new procedure, 143/225 (64%; 95% CI: 61% to 67%) patients completed the follow-up, with a continuous quit rate of 54/225 (24%; 21% to 27%). The lost to follow-up group had a significantly lower continuous cessation rate than the group that completed the routine follow-up: 54/143 (38%; 34% to 42%) and 703/1529 (46%; 45% to 47%), respectively, (p<0.01).ConclusionAlmost two-thirds of the patients lost to 6-month follow-up completed the intensified follow-up procedure and had substantially lower cessation rates than those completing routine follow-up. However, this finding is clinically relevant, as a high follow-up rate impacts the reliability of outcomes, with loss to follow-up reported on continuous use.
CaloQVAE: Simulating high-energy particle-calorimeter interactions using hybrid quantum-classical generative models
Authors: Hoque Sehmimul , Jia Hao , Abhishek Abhishek , Fadaie Mojde , Toledo-Marín J. Quetzalcoatl , Vale Tiago , Melko Roger G. , Swiatlowski Maximilian , Fedorko Wojciech T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Large Hadron Collider’s high luminosity era presents major computational challenges in the analysis of collision events. Large amounts of Monte Carlo (MC) simulation will be required to constrain the statistical uncertainties of the simulated datasets below these of the experimental data. Modelling of high-energy particles propagating through the calorimeter section of the detector is the most computationally intensive MC simulation task. We introduce a technique combining recent advancements in generative models and quantum annealing for fast and efficient simulation of high-energy particle-calorimeter interactions.
PADrone: Pre-flight Abnormalities Detection on Drone via Deep RF Sensing
Authors: Hadi Ghozali Suhariyanto , Ramesh Soundarya , Chan Mun Choon 
Published: November 2024

Drone delivery is envisioned to be the delivery mode of the future due to its capability to provide autonomous, end-to-end delivery. Such rapid growth of the drone market necessitates careful checks on drone flight delivery, as a failure in any of a drone’s parts can result in an overestimation of the drone’s battery life, an unexpected increase in delivery time, or even a drone crash. Prior works utilize onboard sensors to detect potential drone failures during flight, which is a reactive approach where the problem may have already occurred.

In this work, we propose
PADrone
, a
pre-flight
and an
automated
drone abnormality detection system that leverages contactless radio frequency– (RF) based vibration sensing.
PADrone
utilizes an end-to-end deep learning pipeline to differentiate various abnormalities in motors, propellers, and other drone’s parts, by leveraging their unique
vibration fingerprints
.
PADrone
uses a frequency-modulated continuous wave radar-based RF system to capture these unique drone vibrations using an RF bandwidth of 150 MHz in the industrial, scientific, and medical band (5.8 GHz). Our real-world evaluations show that
PADrone
can classify various drone abnormalities with an average accuracy of 97.5%.
Anti-inflammatory Effect of Commiphora  gileadensis L. Induces Cardiovascular Integrity Markers in Male Diabetic Mice
Authors: Alhazmi Ayman Saeed 
Published: December 2024

Background Cardiovascular disease continues to be a predominant source of morbidity and mortality globally. Commiphora gileadensis L. is a tree under the genus Commiphora. Purpose To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of C. gileadensis L. on cardiovascular and its action in maintaining cardiovascular integrity in Type 1 diabetic mice. Methods Fifty male Bagg albino (BALB/c) mice are classified into five groups: control, untreated diabetic, diabetic C. gileadensis L. sap-treated, methanol extract-treated, and acetone extract-treated. For each mouse in five groups body weight, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), sodium, potassium, chloride, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipid profile, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), total creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), adropin, nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured. In addition, total lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+ CD25+, and CD8+ CD25+ were measured in all groups. Results Compared to the untreated diabetic group, diabetic groups treated with C. gileadensis L. had significantly increased body weight after 6 months ( p < 0.05). Diabetic mice treated with C. gileadensis L. extracts had significantly lower HbA1c levels than the diabetic untreated group ( p < 0.01). Furthermore, C. gileadensis L. extracts lowered serum urea and creatinine in diabetic mice ( p < 0.05). Triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were reduced in mice treated with C. gileadensis L. extracts, whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was elevated compared with diabetic untreated mice ( p < 0.01). Serum AST and endothelin-1 were significantly decreased in diabetic groups treated with C. gileadensis L. extracts ( p < 0.05), while adropin and NO increased ( p < 0.01). Diabetic mice treated with C. gileadensis L. extracts had significantly lower LD, total CK, CK-MB, and VEGF levels than the untreated diabetic group ( p < 0.01). In addition, C. gileadensis L. reduces CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, while increases CD4+ CD25+, and CD8+ CD25+ subsets in diabetic mice ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion C. gileadensis L. induces the levels of cardiovascular integrity markers (adropin and NO) and reduces cardiovascular malfunction markers [endothelin-1 (ET-1) and VEGF] in diabetic mice. The observed properties could be attributed to the antioxidant activity of C. gileadensis L. Furthermore, C. gileadensis L. may help in the prevention of atheroma formation by reducing CD4+ and CD8+ and increasing T regulatory cells (CD4+ CD25+ and CD8+ CD25+).