bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SURGICAL CORRECTION OF ADULT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS IN PATIENTS OF YOUNG AND MIDDLE AGE
Authors: Mikhaylovskiy M. V. , Vasyura A. S. , Novikov V. V. , Sarnadsky V. N. , Gubina E. V. , Chernyadjeva M. A. 
Published: September 2018

Objective.To evaluate the results of surgical correction of idiopathic scoliosis in patients aged 18-50 years, in terms of different age groups.Material and Methods.A total of 393 patients (348 women, 45 men) with idiopathic scoliosis were operated on during 1996-2015. In all cases, posterior correction of the deformity was performed using segmental third-generation instrumentation. The primary curve and structural countercurve were included in the fusion area. Hook fixation was performed in 298 cases, and hybrid (hooks and pedicle screws) in 95. The period of postoperative follow-up was 4.4 years on average. Analysis of immediate and long-term results was performed using X-ray and computer optical topography in three age groups (age at the time of surgery): 18 to 24 years (274 patients), 25 to 34 years (95 patients), 35 years and older (24 patients).Results.No statistically significant differences between age groups were revealed, both in initial parameters (magnitude of the primary curve, countercurve, and the apical vertebra rotation) and in surgical results (magnitude of correction, loss of correction and mobility). When interviewing patients with the SRS-24 questionnaire, the best results were obtained in the group of age 18-24, worse in the group of age 25-34, and even worse in the group of age over 35. Computer topography also revealed the absence of statistically significant difference between age groups.Conclusion.Surgical treatment of adult idiopathic scoliosis provides quite satisfactory results, especially in terms of improving the quality of life, that do not have significant differences when comparing three age groups within the age range exceeding 30 years.
Cannabinoids determination in bronchoalveolar lavages of cannabis smokers with lung disease
Authors: Rotolo Maria Concetta , Pellegrini Manuela , Martucci Paola , Giacobbe Raffaela , De Palma Angela , Pacifici Roberta , Pichini Simona , Busardò Francesco Paolo , Bisconti Mario 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Cannabis smoke affects the lungs similarly to tobacco smoke, causing symptoms such as increased cough, sputum, hyperinflation and chronic bronchitis. Chronic use can also cause serious lung diseases and airway obstruction. We developed and validated a method for the identification and quantification of cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its metabolites 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THC-COOH) in bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) from hospitalized former or current tobacco smoking patients with lung disease and a long history of cannabis consumption and limited current tobacco use.

Methods
For the extraction of cannabinoids from BALs, a 1 mL sample was added with 300 µL of 0.1 N NaOH and 3 mL of hexane/ethyl acetate (9:1). The solvent was then evaporated to dryness. Trimethylsilyl derivatives were prepared and then analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Results
The method was linear for the analytes under investigation with coefficients of determination of at least 0.99. Absolute analytical recovery was always better than 80%, imprecision and inaccuracy was always under 15%. Six cases out of 15 were positive for THC, CBN and CBD. In two BALs samples, the presence of 11-OH-THC was also measured while THC-COOH was not detected. In the six positive cases, the last cannabis smoking occurred in the previous 2–14 days.

Conclusions
This is the first time that cannabinoids have been detected in BALs, demonstrating the presence of a drug with its metabolites in a target organ of consumers who present with a lung disease. This occurrence let us hypothesize a role of cannabinoids in the development of the disease and prompted an investigation on possible associations between cannabis smoking and clinical outcomes in patients with lung disease and eventually evaluate a cytotoxic effect of cannabinoids themselves.
Blinding or information control in diagnosis: could it reduce errors in clinical decision-making?
Authors: Lockhart Joseph J. , Satya-Murti Saty 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Clinical medicine has long recognized the potential for cognitive bias in the development of new treatments, and in response developed a tradition of blinding both clinicians and patients to address this specific concern. Although cognitive biases have been shown to exist which impact the accuracy of clinical diagnosis, blinding the diagnostician to potentially misleading information has received little attention as a possible solution. Recently, within the forensic sciences, the control of contextual information (i.e. information apart from the objective test results) has been studied as a technique to reduce errors. We consider the applicability of this technique to clinical medicine.

Content
This article briefly describes the empirical research examining cognitive biases arising from context which impact clinical diagnosis. We then review the recent awakening of forensic sciences to the serious effects of misleading information. Comparing the approaches, we discuss whether blinding to contextual information might (and in what circumstances) reduce clinical errors.

Summary and outlook
Substantial research indicates contextual information plays a significant role in diagnostic error and conclusions across several medical specialties. The forensic sciences may provide a useful model for the control of potentially misleading information in diagnosis. A conceptual analog of the forensic blinding process (the “agnostic” first reading) may be applicable to diagnostic investigations such as imaging, microscopic tissue examinations and waveform recognition. An “agnostic” approach, where the first reading occurs with minimal clinical referral information, but is followed by incorporation of the clinical history and reinterpretation, has the potential to reduce errors.
Legal Certainty is Yesterday’s Justification for Acquisitions of Land by Prescription. What is Today’s?
Authors: Hoops Björn 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Legal certainty is the traditional justification of land acquisitions by prescription in the Netherlands and elsewhere. However, as land information systems become more comprehensive and reliable, this justification increasingly loses its foundation. Only where a transfer is invalid despite a registered transfer deed, is this justification still fully persuasive. This article examines alternative justifications of land acquisitions by prescription and assesses whether the requirements for acquisitions by prescription under Dutch law already reflect these justifications. The owner's omission to monitor the use of the land is arguably a persuasive justification for the loss of ownership by prescription and is fully reflected by the requirement of 'possession'. However, it fails to explain why a possessor who knowingly occupies somebody else's land should become owner. This article proceeds to evaluate the labour theory, the personhood theory, the theory of human flourishing, and utilitarian approaches. These theories persuasively explain why a bad faith possessor should become owner, but are not reflected by Dutch law. As a last step, this article considers the reduction of wealth inequality as a justification of land acquisitions by prescription and concludes that tempting though this justification may be, prescription is not an adequate means to combat inequality.
Comparison of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in infants and postpartum women
Authors: Hara Kaori , Ikeda Kazushige , Koyama Yuhei , Wada Yasuhiro , Hasegawa Tomonobu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundLiquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has become the gold standard for the measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels instead of the conventional method, radioimmunoassay (RIA). However, there was no study that compared RIA and LC-MS/MS for measuring serum 25(OH)D levels in infants and their mothers. The aim of this study was to assess the agreement of RIA and LC-MS/MS for measuring the serum levels in infants and postpartum women.MethodsThis study enrolled 70 preterm infants, 113 term infants (134 samples), and 120 postpartum women. Serum concentration of 25(OH)D was measured by RIA and LC-MS/MS. We evaluated the correlation between RIA and LC-MS/MS. Also, we evaluated the bias between RIA and LC-MS/MS using Bland-Altman analysis.ResultsSixty percent of preterm infants had serum 25(OH)D levels below the lower limit of quantification (LOQ) (4 ng/mL) and 90% of them were classified as vitamin D deficient. The serum 25(OH)D levels measured by RIA were significantly correlated with those measured by LC-MS/MS in all groups. According to the Bland-Altman plot, the serum 25(OH)D levels of infants measured by RIA had constant positive bias (mean±standard deviation [SD] [95% confidence interval, CI], preterm: +4.8± 2.4 ng/mL [4.2–5.4], term: +5.8±4.0 [5.1–6.5]) and proportional bias (preterm:r=0.44, p<0.01, term:r=0.50, p<0.01) compared with LC-MS/MS. The serum 25(OH)D levels of postpartum women measured by RIA had constant positive bias compared with LC-MS/MS, but no proportional bias was found.ConclusionsRIA demonstrated falsely high 25(OH)D levels when used for infants and postpartum women.
Mechanisms of death in structurally normal stillbirths
Authors: Pacora Percy , Romero Roberto , Jaiman Sunil , Erez Offer , Bhatti Gaurav , Panaitescu Bogdan , Benshalom-Tirosh Neta , Jung Eun Jung , Hsu Chaur-Dong , Hassan Sonia S. , Yeo Lami , Kadar Nicholas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate mechanisms ofin uterodeath in normally formed fetuses by measuring amniotic fluid (AF) biomarkers for hypoxia (erythropoietin [EPO]), myocardial damage (cardiac troponin I [cTnI]) and brain injury (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]), correlated with risk factors for fetal death and placental histopathology.MethodsThis retrospective, observational cohort study included intrauterine deaths with transabdominal amniocentesis prior to induction of labor. Women with a normal pregnancy and an indicated amniocentesis at term were randomly selected as controls. AF was assayed for EPO, cTnI and GFAP using commercial immunoassays. Placental histopathology was reviewed, and CD15-immunohistochemistry was used. Analyte concentrations >90thcentile for controls were considered “raised”. Raised AF EPO, AF cTnI and AF GFAP concentrations were considered evidence of hypoxia, myocardial and brain injury, respectively.ResultsThere were 60 cases and 60 controls. Hypoxia was present in 88% (53/60), myocardial damage in 70% (42/60) and brain injury in 45% (27/60) of fetal deaths. Hypoxic fetuses had evidence of myocardial injury, brain injury or both in 77% (41/53), 49% (26/53) and 13% (7/53) of cases, respectively. Histopathological evidence for placental dysfunction was found in 74% (43/58) of these cases.ConclusionHypoxia, secondary to placental dysfunction, was found to be the mechanism of death in the majority of fetal deaths among structurally normal fetuses. Ninety-one percent of hypoxic fetal deaths sustained brain, myocardial or both brain and myocardial injuriesin utero. Hypoxic myocardial injury was an attributable mechanism of death in 70% of the cases. Non-hypoxic cases may be caused by cardiac arrhythmia secondary to a cardiac conduction defect.
Assessing genome-wide significance for the detection of differentially methylated regions
Authors: Page Christian M. , Vos Linda , Rounge Trine B. , Harbo Hanne F. , Andreassen Bettina K. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
DNA methylation plays an important role in human health and disease, and methods for the identification of differently methylated regions are of increasing interest. There is currently a lack of statistical methods which properly address multiple testing, i.e. control genome-wide significance for differentially methylated regions. We introduce a scan statistic (DMRScan), which overcomes these limitations. We benchmark DMRScan against two well established methods (bumphunter, DMRcate), using a simulation study based on real methylation data. An implementation of DMRScan is available from Bioconductor. Our method has higher power than alternative methods across different simulation scenarios, particularly for small effect sizes. DMRScan exhibits greater flexibility in statistical modeling and can be used with more complex designs than current methods. DMRScan is the first dynamic approach which properly addresses the multiple-testing challenges for the identification of differently methylated regions. DMRScan outperformed alternative methods in terms of power, while keeping the false discovery rate controlled.
The analysis of surface saccharide profiles through fluorescein-labelled lectins in a rat pancreatic tissue with established metabolic syndrome model
Authors: Mater Yosun , Beyhan-Ozdas Sule 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
“Glycans”, which are generally referred as oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, are structures that are present on all cellular surfaces with proteins and lipids being attached to their basic chain structures. Many studies in the field of glycobiology have identified the various and complicated biological roles of these glycans which make them perfect molecules to use in labelling and selecting body cells specifically. This study aims at analyzing the modifications in saccharide units of glycans on a cell membrane surfaces of the pancreatic tissue of rats to which normal and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are established. To this end, a MetS model was created through a high fructose diet in Spraque Dawley breed of rats and the pancreatic tissue sections of the group with MetS and control group animals were evaluated comparatively. The targeted saccharide units were examined with Fluorescent Microscope by using two different Fluorescein (FITC) labelled lectins, namely Maackia amurensis-1 lectin [FITC-(MAL-I)] and the Wheat Germ Agglutinin (FITC-WGA). It was observed that FITC-MAL-1-labelled Galβ4GlcNAc units did not change much due to high- fructose diet. On the other hand, more GlcNAc, Neu5Ac and β-GlcNAc units which are labelled with FITC-WGA lectin increase in numbers in pancreatic sections of high fructose diet, compared to control group. Thus, a rapid and specific labelling method, which can identify surface saccharide sequences specifically, was developed. The method can be used in early diagnosis and/or treatment for metabolic diseases.
Theoretical Investigations on the Structural, Electronic and Spectral Properties of VFn (n = 1–7) Clusters
Authors: Peng Li , Wu Shao-Yi , Guo Jia-Xing , Zhong Si-Ying , Chen Xiao-Hong 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) investigations on neutral and anionic VFn (n = 1–7) clusters are performed, and the geometric structures, relative stability as well as electronic and spectral [IR, Raman and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis)] properties of these clusters are systematically calculated with DFT calculations. The clusters for n ≥ 4 exhibit superhalogen properties with very high electron affinities. Analysis of the interactions between VF6 and Li indicates high stability of LiVF6, where VF6 acts like fluorine. The IR and Raman spectra reveal that the peaks can be largely assigned to the stretching vibration of F atoms. The highest and next highest UV-Vis absorption peaks within 200–350 nm for neutral and anionic clusters are mainly ascribed to the electronic transitions between F 2p and V 3d orbitals.
Unternehmensstrategien in der Krise?
Authors: Wixforth Harald 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Corporate strategy in crisis? Hyperinflation crisis and its management at Norddeutscher Lloyd.

Business historians have studied causes and development of economic crises long before the last one, but the latest shifts in the financial markets further increased awareness of the course of action taken by the protagonists. Research may not pay attention to the role of «insolvents and bankrupts» to the same degree as it does to the heads of successful enterprises and concerns. More and more, however, focus is on the reasons for which some enterprises cope better with crises than others. Business history has come to the realization that not only are crises inherent to competitive economy, but furthermore they give insight into the machinery of the market and the behavior of its protagonists.
Neural Deletion of Glucose Transporter Isoform 3 Creates Distinct Postnatal and Adult Neurobehavioral Phenotypes
Authors: Shin Bo-Chul , Cepeda Carlos , Estrada-Sánchez Ana María , Levine Michael S. , Hodaei Laya , Dai Yun , Jung Jai , Ganguly Amit , Clark Peter , Devaskar Sherin U. 
Published: September 2018

We created a neural-specific conditional murineglut3(Slc2A3) deletion (glut3flox/flox/nestin-Cre+) to examine the effect of a lack of Glut3 on neurodevelopment. Compared with age-matchedglut3flox/flox= WT and heterozygotes (glut3flox/+/nestin-Cre+), we found that a >90% reduction in male and female brain Glut3 occurred by postnatal day 15 (PN15) inglut3flox/flox/nestin-Cre+. This genetic manipulation caused a diminution in brain weight and cortical thickness at PN15, a reduced number of dendritic spines, and fewer ultrasonic vocalizations. Patch-clamp recordings of cortical pyramidal neurons revealed increased frequency of bicuculline-induced paroxysmal discharges as well as reduced latency, attesting to a functional synaptic and cortical hyperexcitability. Concomitant stunting with lower glucose concentrations despite increased milk intake shortened the lifespan, failing rescue by a ketogenic diet. This led to creatingglut3flox/flox/CaMK2α-Cre+mice lacking Glut3 in the adult male limbic system. These mice had normal lifespan, displayed reduced IPSCs in cortical pyramidal neurons, less anxiety/fear, and lowered spatial memory and motor abilities but heightened exploratory and social responses. These distinct postnatal and adult phenotypes, based upon whetherglut3gene is globally or restrictively absent, have implications for humans who carry copy number variations and present with neurodevelopmental disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLack of the key brain-specific glucose transporter 3 gene found in neurons during early postnatal life results in significant stunting, a reduction in dendritic spines found on neuronal processes and brain size, heightened neuronal excitability, along with a shortened lifespan. When occurring in the adult and limited to the limbic system alone, lack of this gene in neurons reduces the fear of spatial exploration and socialization but does not affect the lifespan. These features are distinct heralding differences between postnatal and adult phenotypes based upon whether the same gene is globally or restrictively lacking. These findings have implications for humans who carry copy number variations pertinent to this gene and have been described to present with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Anterior Temporal Lobectomy Impairs Neural Classification of Body Emotions in Right Superior Temporal Sulcus and Reduces Emotional Enhancement in Distributed Brain Areas without Affecting Behavioral Classification
Authors: Van de Vliet Laura , Jastorff Jan , Huang Yun-An , Van Paesschen Wim , Vandenbulcke Mathieu , Van den Stock Jan 
Published: September 2018

Humans with amygdalar lesions show proportional reductions of the emotional response to facial expressions in the fusiform face area as well as deficits in emotion recognition from facial expressions. While processing of bodily expressions shares many similarities with facial expressions, there is no substantial evidence that lesions of the amygdala result in similar behavioral and neural sequelae. We combined behavioral assessment with functional neuroimaging in a group of male and female humans with unilateral anterior temporal lobe (ATL) resections, including the amygdala (right:n= 10; left:n= 10) and 12 matched controls. The objective was to assess whether the amygdala is crucial for the recognition of body expressions and for modulatory effects on distant areas during perception of body expressions. The behavioral results revealed normal performance in both patient groups on emotion categorization of body expressions. The neuroimaging results showed that ATL patients displayed no enhanced activations in right fusiform body area and left extrastriate body area and that left ATL patients additionally displayed no enhanced activations in right posterior superior temporal sulcus and right extrastriate body area, respectively. Multivoxel pattern analysis revealed altered categorization capacity between emotional and neutral stimuli in right posterior superior temporal sulcus in right ATL patients. In addition, we also found emotional enhancement in frontal, parietal, occipital, and cingulate regions in controls. Together, our data show that the amygdala and ATLs are not necessary for recognition of dynamic body expressions, but suggest that amygdala lesions affect body emotion processing in distant brain areas.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFor humans, information from emotional expressions of others is crucial to support social interactions. The majority of emotion studies has focused on facial expressions; however, in daily life, we also use information from body postures and body movement. Visual processing of body expressions relies on a brain network, including body-specific visual areas and visuomotor areas. Even though the importance of the amygdala and its modulatory effects on distant brain regions have been documented, it remains unclear whether the amygdala plays a crucial role in emotional body processing. By combining behavioral and neuroimaging data in patients with amygdalar lesions, we provide further evidence for its modulatory effect on distant areas during the perception of body expressions.
Kolon polipleri: Lokalizasyon, histoloji, boyut - 5 yıllık kolonoskopik değerlendirme
Authors: ŞAHİNTÜRK Yasin , ÇEKİN Ayhan Hilmi 
Published: September 2018

Giriş ve Amaç: Kolon polipleri konusunda hasta sayısı fazla olan
bir çalışma yaparak konu hakkındaki epidemiyolojik verilere prevalans,
histoloji, boyut ve lokalizasyon konusunda katkı yapmak. Gereç ve Yöntem: 2012-2017 yılları arasında kolonoskopi yapılan 2512
hasta kolon polip prevalansı, histolojisi (hiperplastik, adenomatöz, serrated),
boyutu (&lt;1 cm
ve &gt;1 cm)
ve lokalizasyonuna (rektum, sigmoid kolon, inen kolon, transvers kolon, çıkan
kolon, çekum) göre değerlendirildi. Bulgular:
Çalışmaya alınan 2.512 hastanın 876'sında (%34,9) polip saptandı. 104'ünde
(%11,9) hiperplastik polip saptanırken, 10 (%1,1) hastada serrated polip, 650
(%74,3) hastada adenomatöz polip saptandı. Saptanan poliplerin 696 (%79,4)
tanesi 1 cm'den
küçükken, 180 (%20,6) tanesi 1
cm'den büyüktü. Yerleşim bölgeleri incelendiğinde en sık
rektal bölgede 323 (%36,9) polipler saptanırken proksimal kolon kesimlerinde
polip görülme yüzdesi azalmaktaydı. Yaş arttıkça polip görülme sıklığı,
adenamatöz histoloji varlığı ve polip boyutu artmaktaydı. Erkeklerde polip
saptanma yüzdesi, kadınlarda ise &gt;1 cm polip saptanma sıklığı daha fazlaydı. Sonuç: Çalışmamız literatüre göre yüksek hasta sayısı içermesi
nedeniyle değerli sonuçlar içermektedir. Epidemiyolojik açıdan literatür
verilerine göre saptadığımız yüksek polip prevalansı tarama programlarında daha
dikkatli davranmamız gerektiğini düşündürmüştür.