bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding the ground state of the Hubbard model by variational methods on a quantum computer with gate errors
Authors: Reiner Jan-Michael , Wilhelm-Mauch Frank , Schön Gerd , Marthaler Michael 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A key goal of digital quantum computing is the simulation of fermionic systems such as molecules or the Hubbard model. Unfortunately, for present and near-future quantum computers the use of quantum error correction schemes is still out of reach. Hence, the finite error rate limits the use of quantum computers to algorithms with a low number of gates. The variational Hamiltonian ansatz (VHA) has been shown to produce the ground state in good approximation in a manageable number of steps. Here we study explicitly the effect of gate errors on its performance. The VHA is inspired by the adiabatic quantum evolution under the influence of a time-dependent Hamiltonian, where the—ideally short—fixed Trotter time steps are replaced by variational parameters. The method profits substantially from quantum variational error suppression, e.g. unitary quasi-static errors are mitigated within the algorithm. We test the performance of the VHA when applied to the Hubbard model in the presence of unitary control errors on quantum computers with realistic gate fidelities.
Critical 𝐿^{𝑝}-differentiability of 𝐵𝑉^{}𝔸-maps and canceling operators
Authors: Raiţă Bogdan 
Published: May 2019

We give a generalization of Dorronsoro’s theorem on criticalLp\mathrm {L}^p-Taylor expansions forBVk\mathrm {BV}^k-maps onRn\mathbb {R}^n; i.e., we characterize homogeneous linear differential operatorsA\mathbb {A}ofkkth order such thatDk−juD^{k-j}uhasjjth orderLn/(n−j)\mathrm {L}^{n/(n-j)}-Taylor expansion a.e. for allu∈BVlocAu\in \mathrm {BV}^\mathbb {A}_{\operatorname {loc}}(herej=1,…,kj=1,\ldots , k, with an appropriate convention ifj≥nj\geq n). The spaceBVlocA\mathrm {BV}^\mathbb {A}_{\operatorname {loc}}, a single framework coveringBV\mathrm {BV},BD\mathrm {BD}, andBVk\mathrm {BV}^k, consists of those locally integrable mapsuusuch thatAu\mathbb {A} uis a Radon measure onRn\mathbb {R}^n.

Forj=1,…,min{k,n−1}j=1,\ldots ,\min \{k, n-1\}, we show that theLp\mathrm {L}^p-differentiability property above is equivalent to Van Schaftingen’s elliptic and canceling condition forA\mathbb {A}. Forj=n,…,kj=n,\ldots , k, ellipticity is necessary, but cancellation is not. To complete the characterization, we determine the class of elliptic operatorsA\mathbb {A}such that the estimate(1)‖Dk−nu‖L∞⩽C‖Au‖L1\begin{align}\tag {1} \|D^{k-n}u\|_{\mathrm {L}^\infty }\leqslant C\|\mathbb {A} u\|_{\mathrm {L}^1} \end{align}holds for all vector fieldsu∈Cc∞u\in \mathrm {C}^\infty _c. Surprisingly, the (computable) condition onA\mathbb {A}such that \eqref{eq:abs} holds is strictly weaker than cancellation.

The results onLp\mathrm {L}^p-differentiability can be formulated as sharp pointwise regularity results for overdetermined elliptic systemsAu=μ,\begin{align*} \mathbb {A} u=\mu , \end{align*}whereμ\muis a Radon measure, thereby giving a variant for the limit casep=1p=1of a theorem of Calderón and Zygmund which was not covered before.
Reporting Outcomes and Outcome Measures in Open Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hassan Yusuf , Leveille Cameron F , Gallo Lucas , Santos Jenny , Thoma Achilleas , McRae Mark H , McRae Matthew C 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundComparative studies have shown little statistical difference in outcomes following rhinoplasty, demonstrating near equivalent results across all surgical techniques. Cross-study comparisons of these trials are difficult because variation in outcome reporting prevents statistical pooling and analysis.ObjectivesThe authors sought to identify all outcomes and outcome measures used to evaluate postoperative results in rhinoplasty.MethodsAn extensive computerized database search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed; all trials involving n ≥ 20 patients, aged 18 years and older undergoing a primary, open rhinoplasty procedure, were included for review.ResultsOf the 3235 citations initially screened, 72 studies met the stated inclusion criteria. A total of 53 unique outcomes and 55 postoperative outcome measures were identified. Outcomes were divided into 6 unique domains: objective signs, subjective symptom severity, physical function related to activities of daily living, patient satisfaction, surgeon satisfaction, and quality of life. The identified outcome measures consisted of 5 nasal-specific, author-reported instruments; 5 nasal specific, patient-reported instruments; 5 patient-reported, generic instruments; and 40 author-generated instruments. Of the outcome measures identified, the Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation, Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22, and FACE-Q were the only instruments to demonstrate adequate validity, reliability, and responsiveness to change in patients who underwent a rhinoplasty procedure.ConclusionsThere is heterogeneity in the outcomes and outcome measures employed to assess postsurgical outcomes following rhinoplasty. A standardized core outcome set is urgently needed to make it possible for future investigators to compare results of various techniques in rhinoplasty surgery.Level of Evidence: 2
Effects of ovarian fluid on sperm traits and its implications for cryptic female choice in zebrafish
Authors: Poli Federica , Immler Simone , Gasparini Clelia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn polyandrous mating systems, females maintain the opportunity to bias male fertilization success after mating in a process known as cryptic female choice. Mechanisms of cryptic female choice have been described both in internal and external fertilizers, and may affect fertilization processes at different stages before, during, and after fertilization. In internal fertilizers, females have substantial control over sperm storage and fertilization, whereas in external fertilizers, female control is limited. A key factor proposed to mediate cryptic female choice is the fluid surrounding the eggs, the ovarian fluid, as it may directly affect sperm performance. Here, we studied the role of ovarian fluid in post-mating sexual selection using the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Firstly, we assessed how ovarian fluid affects sperm swimming performance compared with freshwater. We focused on sperm motility, velocity, swimming trajectory, and longevity, all traits associated with competitive fertilization success in externally fertilizing fish. In a second step, we used a North Carolina II design to explore female, male, and female x male effects by testing sperm motility of 2 males in the ovarian fluid of 2 females in a total of 11 blocks. Our results indicate that the ovarian fluid affects sperm performance differently from freshwater. Specifically, sperm velocity, motility, and longevity were higher in the ovarian fluid than in freshwater, whereas sperm linearity and beat cross frequency showed the opposite pattern. Moreover, these effects varied according to male, female, and male x female identities, supporting the potential for cryptic female choice mediated by ovarian fluid in this species.
Protein-ensemble–RNA docking by efficient consideration of protein flexibility through homology models
Authors: He Jiahua , Tao Huanyu , Huang Sheng-You 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMotivationGiven the importance of protein–ribonucleic acid (RNA) interactions in many biological processes, a variety of docking algorithms have been developed to predict the complex structure from individual protein and RNA partners in the past decade. However, due to the impact of molecular flexibility, the performance of current methods has hit a bottleneck in realistic unbound docking. Pushing the limit, we have proposed a protein-ensemble–RNA docking strategy to explicitly consider the protein flexibility in protein–RNA docking through an ensemble of multiple protein structures, which is referred to as MPRDock. Instead of taking conformations from MD simulations or experimental structures, we obtained the multiple structures of a protein by building models from its homologous templates in the Protein Data Bank (PDB).ResultsOur approach can not only avoid the reliability issue of structures from MD simulations but also circumvent the limited number of experimental structures for a target protein in the PDB. Tested on 68 unbound–bound and 18 unbound–unbound protein–RNA complexes, our MPRDock/DITScorePR considerably improved the docking performance and achieved a significantly higher success rate than single-protein rigid docking whether pseudo-unbound templates are included or not. Similar improvements were also observed when combining our ensemble docking strategy with other scoring functions. The present homology model-based ensemble docking approach will have a general application in molecular docking for other interactions.Availability and implementationhttp://huanglab.phys.hust.edu.cn/mprdock/Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Vedolizumab Therapy is Ineffective for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A GETAID Multicentre Cohort Study
Authors: Caron Benedicte , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Pariente Benjamin , Bouhnik Yoram , Seksik Philippe , Bouguen Guillaume , Caillo Ludovic , Laharie David , Carbonnel Franck , Altwegg Romain , Reenaers Catherine , Serrero Melanie , Trang-Poisson Caroline , Nancey Stephane , Filippi Jerome , Abitbol Vered , Savoye Guillaume , Vuitton Lucine , Viennot Stephanie , Fumery Mathurin , Reymond Maud , Bronowicki Jean-Pierre , Reimund Jean-Marie , Amiot Aurelien 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Whether vedolizumab may be effective as a treatment for primary sclerosing cholangitis [PSC] in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] remains controversial.

Methods
We performed a retrospective observational study of consecutive patients with IBD and PSC, treated with vedolizumab for at least 30 weeks in 22 centres of GETAID from January 2015 to June 2016. The outcomes included a decrease in the serum alkaline phosphatase [ALP] concentration of at least 50% from baseline to Week 30 or 54, a change in any serum liver enzymes concentrations, and an assessment of the efficacy and safety of vedolizumab in IBD.

Results
Among 75 patients with active IBD and PSC treated with vedolizumab, 21 patients discontinued vedolizumab before Week 30 [due to lack of efficacy in 19 and malignancy in two patients]. In the remaining 54 patients, a decrease in the serum ALP concentration of at least 50% from baseline to Weeks 30 and 54 was observed in four [7%] and four [11%] patients, respectively. No significant change was observed in serum liver enzyme concentrations at week 30 or 54. After a median follow-up period of 19.4 [14.0–29.9] months, nine cases of digestive neoplasia [colorectal neoplasia in seven and cholangiocarcinoma in two] were reported.

Conclusions
In patients with IBD and PSC, vedolizumab did not improve serum liver enzyme concentrations at week 30 or 54. Nine cases of digestive cancer occurred during the follow-up period, confirming the need for a tight surveillance programme in this population.
Effect of catheter ablation on pre-existing abnormalities of left atrial systolic, diastolic, and neurohormonal functions in patients with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Packer Milton 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The critical role of the left atrium (LA) in cardiovascular homoeostasis is mediated by its reservoir, conduit, systolic, and neurohormonal functions. Atrial fibrillation is generally a reflection of underlying disease of the LA, especially in patients with heart failure. Disease-related LA remodelling leads to a decline in both atrial contractility and distensibility along with an impairment in the control of neurohormonal systems that regulate intravascular volume. Catheter ablation can lead to further injury to the atrial myocardium, as evidenced by post-procedural troponin release and tissue oedema. The cardiomyocyte loss leads to replacement fibrosis, which may affect up to 30–35% of the LA wall. These alterations further impair atrial force generation and neurohormonal functions; the additional loss of atrial distensibility can lead to a ‘stiff LA syndrome’, and the fibrotic response predisposes to recurrence of the atrial arrhythmia. Although it intends to restore LA systole, catheter ablation often decreases the chamber’s transport functions. This is particularly likely in patients with long-standing atrial fibrillation and pre-existing LA fibrosis, especially those with increased epicardial adipose tissue (e.g. patients with obesity, diabetes and/or heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction). Although the fibrotic LA in these individuals is an ideal substrate for the development of atrial fibrillation, it may be a suboptimal substrate for catheter ablation. Such patients are not likely to experience long-term restoration of sinus rhythm, and catheter ablation has the potential to worsen their haemodynamic and clinical status. Further studies in this vulnerable group of patients are needed.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of left ventricular non-compaction in adults
Authors: Ross Samantha B , Jones Katherine , Blanch Bianca , Puranik Rajesh , McGeechan Kevin , Barratt Alexandra , Semsarian Christopher 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsTo assess the reported prevalence of left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) in different adult cohorts, taking in to consideration the role of diagnostic criteria and imaging modalities used.Methods and resultsA systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting LVNC prevalence in adults. Studies were sourced from Pre-Medline, Medline, and Embase and assessed for eligibility according to inclusion criteria. Eligible studies provided a prevalence of LVNC in adult populations (≥12 years). Studies were assessed, and data extracted by two independent reviewers. Fifty-nine eligible studies documenting LVNC in 67 unique cohorts were included. The majority of studies were assessed as moderate or high risk of bias. The pooled prevalence estimates for LVNC were consistently higher amongst cohorts diagnosed on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging (14.79%, n = 26; I 2 = 99.45%) compared with echocardiogram (1.28%, n = 36; I 2 = 98.17%). This finding was unchanged when analysis was restricted to studies at low or moderate risk of bias. The prevalence of LVNC varied between disease and population representative cohorts. Athletic cohorts demonstrated high pooled prevalence estimates on echocardiogram (3.16%, n = 5; I 2 = 97.37%) and CMR imaging (27.29%, n = 2).ConclusionLeft ventricular non-compaction in adult populations is a poorly defined entity which likely encompasses both physiological adaptation and pathological disease. There is a higher prevalence with the introduction of newer imaging technologies, specifically CMR imaging, which identify LVNC changes more readily. The clinical significance of these findings remains unclear; however, there is significant potential for overdiagnosis, overtreatment, and unnecessary follow-up.
Education and Cognitive Decline: An Integrative Analysis of Global Longitudinal Studies of Cognitive Aging
Authors: Clouston Sean A P , Smith Dylan M , Mukherjee Soumyadeep , Zhang Yun , Hou Wei , Link Bruce G , Richards Marcus 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to examine the association between education and incidence of accelerated cognitive decline.MethodsSecondary analyses of data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative prospective cohort study of U.S. residents were conducted (N = 28,417). Cox proportional hazards survival models were layered on longitudinal mixed-effects modeling to jointly examine healthy cognitive aging and incidence of accelerated cognitive decline consistent with patterns seen in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Replication analyses were completed on a database including 62,485 additional respondents from HRS sister studies. Life expectancy ratios (LER) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.ResultsThis study replicated research showing that education was positively associated with cognition at baseline. Model fit improved using the survival method compared to random-slopes models alone. Analyses of HRS data revealed that higher education was associated with delayed onset of accelerated cognitive decline (LER = 1.031 95% CI = [1.013–1.015], p &lt; 1E-06). Replication analyses using data from 14 countries identified similar results.ConclusionsThese results are consistent with cognitive reserve theory, suggesting that education reduces risk of ADRD-pattern cognitive decline. Follow-up work should seek to differentiate specific dementia types involved and consider potential mechanisms.
‘It makes you someone who changes with the times’: health worker and client perspectives on a smartphone-based counselling application deployed in rural Tanzania
Authors: Hackett Kristy , Kazemi Mina , Lafleur Curtis , Nyella Peter , Godfrey Lawelu , Sellen Daniel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMobile health (mHealth) applications have been developed for community health workers (CHW) to help simplify tasks, enhance service delivery and promote healthy behaviours. These strategies hold promise, particularly for support of pregnancy and childbirth in low-income countries (LIC), but their design and implementation must incorporate CHW clients’ perspectives to be effective and sustainable. Few studies examine how mHealth influences client and supervisor perceptions of CHW performance and quality of care in LIC. This study was embedded within a larger cluster-randomized, community intervention trial in Singida, Tanzania. CHW in intervention areas were trained to use a smartphone application designed to improve data management, patient tracking and delivery of health messages during prenatal counselling visits with women clients. Qualitative data collected through focus groups and in-depth interviews illustrated mostly positive perceptions of smartphone-assisted counselling among clients and supervisors including: increased quality of care; and improved communication, efficiency and data management. Clients also associated smartphone-assisted counselling with overall health system improvements even though the functions of the smartphones were not well understood. Smartphones were thought to signify modern, up-to-date biomedical information deemed highly desirable during pregnancy and childbirth in this context. In this rural Tanzanian setting, mHealth tools positively influenced community perceptions of health system services and client expectations of health workers; policymakers and implementers must ensure these expectations are met. Such interventions must be deeply embedded into health systems to have long-term impacts on maternal and newborn health outcomes.
Canadian men’s health stigma, masculine role norms and lifestyle behaviors
Authors: McCreary Donald R , Oliffe John L , Black Nick , Flannigan Ryan , Rachert Joe , Goldenberg S Larry 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMen are at high risk for both morbidity and premature mortality from several of the most common serious diseases. Although numerous factors have been identified to explain men’s risk, this study focused on the relationship between lifestyle behaviors, health-related self-stigma and masculine role norms. An age and location stratified sample of 2000 Canadian men completed measures assessing five lifestyle behaviors (smoking, alcohol use, sleep, diet and exercise), a screen for depression, and measures of self-stigma and masculine role norms. The results showed that elements of both health-related self-stigma and masculine role norms were associated with increased risk for being above the clinical threshold for four of the lifestyle behaviors and depression. The most frequent and largest relationships were associated with exercise and depression. The total number of lifestyle behaviors for which participants were above the clinical cut-points was also associated with self-stigma and masculine role norms. These findings demonstrate the importance of health-related self-stigma and masculine role norms as potential barriers to men’s health and well-being.
Quantitative RyR1 reduction and loss of calcium sensitivity of RyR1Q1970fsX16+A4329D cause cores and loss of muscle strength
Authors: Elbaz Moran , Ruiz Alexis , Bachmann Christoph , Eckhardt Jan , Pelczar Pawel , Venturi Elisa , Lindsay Chris , Wilson Abigail D , Alhussni Ahmed , Humberstone Thomas , Pietrangelo Laura , Boncompagni Simona , Sitsapesan Rebecca , Treves Susan , Zorzato Francesco 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecessive ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) mutations cause congenital myopathies including multiminicore disease (MmD), congenital fiber-type disproportion and centronuclear myopathy. We created a mouse model knocked-in for the Q1970fsX16+A4329D RYR1 mutations, which are isogenic with those identified in a severely affected child with MmD. During the first 20 weeks after birth the body weight and the spontaneous running distance of the mutant mice were 20% and 50% lower compared to wild-type littermates. Skeletal muscles from mutant mice contained ‘cores’ characterized by severe myofibrillar disorganization associated with misplacement of mitochondria. Furthermore, their muscles developed less force and had smaller electrically evoked calcium transients. Mutant RyR1 channels incorporated into lipid bilayers were less sensitive to calcium and caffeine, but no change in single-channel conductance was observed. Our results demonstrate that the phenotype of the RyR1Q1970fsX16+A4329D compound heterozygous mice recapitulates the clinical picture of multiminicore patients and provide evidence of the molecular mechanisms responsible for skeletal muscle defects.
Monetary valuation of recreational fishing in a restored estuary and implications for future management measures
Authors: Pouso Sarai , Ferrini Silvia , Turner R Kerry , Borja Ángel , Uyarra María C 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Recreational fishing is considered a cultural ecosystem service, important in terms of the socio-economic benefits that it provides. In the Nerbioi estuary (northern Spain), investments in water treatment and the closure of polluting industries have led to several benefits such as improvements in water quality, fish abundance and richness, and recreational fishing activity. Currently, this activity is performed along the whole estuary including areas that previously were severely polluted. Valuing the benefits of recreational fishing is crucial to support the management of the estuary. The economic valuation is performed using a multi-site travel cost analysis. In addition, the effect on welfare measures of future scenarios where environmental conditions and accessibility change is analysed. Results indicate that each recreational trip in Nerbioi has a use value of 14.98€, with an aggregate value of 1.12 M€year−1 for the whole recreational fishers’ community. The simulated scenarios suggest that further environmental improvements would have a positive effect in the activity, increasing the current welfare by 7.5–11.5%. In contrast, worsening of environmental conditions and accessibility could translate into a welfare reduction up to 71%. The monetary use value of recreational fishing partially covers (4.7%) the costs of maintaining the environmental quality of the estuary.