bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adept smart meters using homomorphic encryption based on factor problem over groups
Authors: Valisireddy Jalaja , G.S.G.N Anjaneyulu 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to replace electronic meters with smart meters. Smart meters will provide high resolution real-time end-user power consumption data for utilities to better monitor and control the system, which is used for end users to better manage their energy usage and bills. By using smart meters, we can reduce the errors and also minimize human intervention in processing information in an efficient way. So that time will be reduced for organization functionalities and accuracy will be increase.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors propose a new cryptosystem based on factor problem over non commutative groups. They tried to use this cryptosystem in the field of electricity. They extend and transform this projected cryptosystem to design expert smart meters based on homomorphic encryption with factor problem.

Findings
In these smart meters, a monitoring system is integrated that preserves customer’s privacy by homomorphically accumulating the consumption of all n members of a specific domain.

Originality/value
This expert smart meter system has a proficient linear O(n) communication cost and is proven to protect customer's privacy even in the presence of a corrupted substation and some malicious smart meters.
Preparation and tribological properties of Ag nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Xu Leihua , Zhang Yong , Zhang Dekun , Leng Mei 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to report the tribological behavior of Ag nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (Ag/RGO NCs) and Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as a green additive in oil with different concentration and under different friction conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
The Ag/RGO NCs and Ag NPs were both synthesized in a chemical reduction method. The diameter of silver nanoparticles implanted between RGO sheets was about 25 nm and that of silver sol was 70 nm. The morphology and structure of Ag/RGO NC were characterized by TEM, XRD and FTIR. The tribological properties of Ag/RGO NCs and Ag NPs as lubricant oil additive were evaluated by measuring the friction coefficients and wear of the surface in different condition which were tested on UMT-II.

Findings
The results indicated that both the additives improved the friction-reduced and anti-wear properties of paraffin oil, and Ag/RGO NCs has better tribological performance than Ag NPs. The excellent tribological properties were attributed to the special structure of Ag/RGO NC and the formation of tribofilm reducing the friction and wear on the shearing surfaces.

Research limitations/implications
It is relatively difficult to observe the morphology of the lubricant film formed on the friction surface and to analyze the chemical composition at different depths of the lubricant film.

Originality/value
It is the first time for Ag/RGO NCs to be applied to improve the friction-reduced and anti-wear properties of lubricant oil as additive.
Empirical studies of collaborative information seeking: a review of methodological issues
Authors: Hertzum Morten , Hansen Preben 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Information seeking is often performed in collaborative contexts. The research into such collaborative information seeking (CIS) has been proceeding since the 1990s but lacks methodological discussions. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and discuss methodological issues in existing CIS studies.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors systematically review 69 empirical CIS studies.

Findings
The review shows that the most common methods of data collection are lab experiments (43 percent), observation (19 percent) and surveys (16 percent), that the most common methods of data analysis are description (33 percent), statistical testing (29 percent) and content analysis (19 percent) and that CIS studies involve a fairly even mix of novice, intermediate and specialist participants. However, the authors also find that CIS research is dominated by exploratory studies, leaves it largely unexplored in what ways the findings of a study may be specific to the particular study setting, appears to assign primacy to precision at the expense of generalizability, struggles with investigating how CIS activities extend over time and provides data about behavior to a larger extent than about reasons, experiences and especially outcomes.

Research limitations/implications
The major implication of this review is its identification of the need for a shared model to which individual CIS studies can contribute in a cumulative manner. To support the development of such a model, the authors discuss a model of the core CIS process and a model of the factors that trigger CIS.

Originality/value
This study assesses the current state of CIS research, provides guidance for future CIS studies and aims to inspire further methodological discussion.
The existence of a stable money multiplier in the small open economy of Kazakhstan
Authors: Bhatti Razzaque Hamza , Khawaja Muhammad Junaid 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether a long-run stable money multiplier exists in Kazakhstan. It also investigates whether different episodes of currency shocks, including the financial crisis and recession of 2008–2010, have affected the working of the money multiplier in Kazakhstan.Design/methodology/approachThe long-run multiplier is tested employing three cointegration tests: Engle–Granger (1987), Phillips–Ouliaris (1990) and Johansen and Juselius (1990).FindingsThe results of cointegration and coefficient restrictions tests are consistent with the money multiplier when broad money (M2 and M3) is used rather than when narrow money (M1) is used. The relationship between broad money and monetary base is structurally stable when examined on the basis of a dynamic (an error-correction) model. However, the M2 multiplier performs better than the M3 multiplier.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is restricted to testing a mechanistic version of the money multiplier and its stability using both narrow (M1) and broad money (M2 and M3) supplies. Thus, the paper focusses on the money view of the multiplier rather than the credit view of the multiplier.Practical implicationsOne implication that emerges from the findings of this paper is that the National Bank of Kazakhstan can control M2 by controlling the monetary base, and hence the latter can serve as an indicator for monetary policy.Social implicationsThe validity of the money multiplier implies that monetary policy can be conducted to control the money supply and the provision of bank credit to private sector to stabilize economic activity, thereby leading towards social stability in the economy as well.Originality/valueIn addition to offering a coherent survey of the literature on the standard money multiplier, this paper is a first attempt to find a stable money multiplier for Kazakhstan.
The importance of being earnest
Authors: Gomez-Bengoechea Gonzalo , Arahuetes Alfredo 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to provide an empirical analysis of the macroeconomic determinants of sovereign bond yield spreads in the Eurozone from 2000 until August 2012, when the Outright Monetary Transactions programme was launched.Design/methodology/approachThe authors constructed an unbalanced panel with quarterly data from 2000 Q1 to 2012 Q2 for the 12 Eurozone countries: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. The authors propose a model that explains spreads through the main categories of variables observed in the literature. The relationship between variables is analysed using ordinary least squares and quantile regressions. As discussed by the authors, quantile regressions provide a more precise estimation, given the huge heterogeneity across counties that can be observed in the Eurozone.FindingsResults show that the relationship between sovereign risk and macroeconomic fundamentals is affected by a strong country sentiment effect. The impact of country sentiment on sovereign risk is larger for those countries that were already experiencing higher spreads. Regardless the impact that European Central Bank’s (ECB) intervention had on sovereign risk from 2012, quantile regression results suggest that policy recommendations and goals should be adapted to each country’s market perception.Originality/valueThe results obtained improve on previous findings on this topic (De Grauwe and Ji, 2012) in two ways. First, they show that even introducing every category of determinants found in the literature in the main specification, fundamentals can only partially explain the evolution of sovereign risk in the Eurozone. Second, they find there is a country-sentiment effect that affects the relationship between macroeconomic indicators and sovereign risk. Furthermore, the paper finds that the country-sentiment effect is larger for countries facing high spreads.
IC disclosure practices in India using a comprehensive disclosure framework
Authors: Maji Santi Gopal , Goswami Mitra 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to address the need to modify the existing intellectual capital (IC) disclosure frameworks and examines the disclosure practices of Indian knowledge-based companies by using a comprehensive IC disclosure index that has been developed in this study.Design/methodology/approachThe annual reports of 30 listed knowledge-intensive companies from two sectors – pharmaceutical sector and engineering sector – have been analysed for a period of five years from 2010-2011 to 2014-2015. Additionally, the sample firms were ranked on the basis of market capitalisation (MC) to examine the IC reporting practice of firms with high and low MC. An IC disclosure index has been developed through comparative analysis of the frameworks used in three studies that is based on Bukhet al.’s (2001) classification. Further, the study has also considered intangibles and the related non-financial indicators of MERITUM guidelines. The disclosure index consists of a total of 69 items encompassing six components.FindingsThe overall IC disclosure trend showed an increase in reporting practice over the five-year study period. With respect to the components, process capital is found to be the most disclosed component while relational capital is the least disclosed component. After categorisation of firms into high and low MC, it has been observed that the IC disclosure scores of firms with high MC are significantly higher than firms with low MC.Practical implicationsThis paper has developed an IC disclosure index through careful analysis and scrutiny of the existing frameworks which contributes to the existing literature. Likewise, the use of a comprehensive framework can aid the investors to know the true value of the firm and make proper market decisions.Originality/valueThis is the first paper in the Indian context in which a modified IC disclosure index is framed based on Bukhet al.(2001) framework for examining IC reporting practices.
Relationship between social loafing and the self-concept
Authors: Varshney Deepanjana 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between social loafing behaviour, self-concept and perceived organisational politics (POP). The impact of POP and self-concept upon social loafing behaviour has been the fundamental focus of the paper.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from four companies (n = 262) that combined the responses of subordinates and supervisors. The consequent impact of self-concept factors and POP on social loafing behaviour was analysed through correlations; multiple regressions and mediation were tested using Barren–Kenny and Hayes Bootstrap methods.

Findings
A positively significant connection among self-concept, social loafing and POP has been found in this study. The findings show that POP significantly mediates the relationship between social loafing and self-concept.

Research limitations/implications
This study provides evidence of the positive relationship among POP, social loafing behaviour and self-concept. Such knowledge derived may facilitate the scientific task allocation process, feedback system, team orientation, individual differences and job choice aspects, and thus help in the essential understanding of withdrawal work behaviour and perceived organisational support variables.

Practical implications
Productivity and employee satisfaction are major concerns for all organisations. This research paper provides insight to the organisations and supervisors about individual loafing attitude, self-concept and organisational politics and suggests to overcome their impact and improvement in productivity and employee satisfaction.

Originality/value
This is a pioneer paper in the sense that previously there has been no attempt to determine the relationship between POP and social loafing behaviour. Past research has mostly been conducted in the laboratory settings or classroom contexts. The longitudinal data used in this study remove prior research drawbacks and enlighten the unexplored relationships.
Intellectual capital, organisational climate, innovation culture, and SME performance
Authors: Dabić Marina , Lažnjak Jasminka , Smallbone David , Švarc Jadranka 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between the three components of intellectual capital (IC) (human, structural, and relational), and contextual factors relating to organisational climate (OC) and innovation culture, together with their influence on business performance (BP).Design/methodology/approachThis empirical research is based on an online questionnaire, which collected data from a non-probability quota sample consisting of 253 Croatian SMEs. The scales for IC, OC, and innovation culture were constructed to test the relationship between these dimensions and assess the BP of the SMEs.FindingsBased on a survey on 253 SMEs in Croatia, the analysis shows that the key dimensions of IC, innovation culture, and OC are vital to a company’s success and are strongly inter-correlated. Higher BP is positively related to higher levels of both IC and innovation culture.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of the research is the subjective aspect of the study. The data used in the study were self-reported where respondents in a survey gave their assessment of firm performance. Although this was necessary because of the absence of other data, it is an issue that must be taken into account when interpreting the findings in the study.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the role of IC, OC, and innovation culture in relation to BP, particularly in former transition countries, can have important implications for managers and enterprise owners, as well as policy makers and the academic community.Social implicationsThe findings emphasise the important role of tacit knowledge in the innovation process, of which IC and OC are good examples.Originality/valueThis empirical study brings evidence from the understudied country of Croatia. Croatia is a post-transitional country and the last accessed member of the EU, on the dividing line between a modest and a moderate innovator. This is the first empirical study conducted in Croatia that explores the association between three concepts that are typically investigated separately (IC, OC, and innovation culture).
Too resilient for anyone’s good
Authors: Nizami Lance 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThis study aims to examine the observer’s role in “infant psychophysics”. Infant psychophysics was developed because the diagnosis of perceptual deficits should be done as early in a patient’s life as possible, to provide efficacious treatment and thereby reduce potential long-term costs. Infants, however, cannot report their perceptions. Hence, the intensity of a stimulus at which the infant can detect it, the “threshold”, must be inferred from the infant’s behavior, as judged by observers (watchers). But whose abilities are actually being inferred? The answer affects all behavior-based conclusions about infants’ perceptions, including the well-proselytized notion that auditory stimulus-detection thresholds improve rapidly during infancy.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 55 years of infant psychophysics is scrutinized, starting with seminal studies in infant vision, followed by the studies that they inspired in infant hearing.FindingsThe inferred stimulus-detection thresholds are those of the infant-plus-watcher and, more broadly, the entire laboratory. The thresholds are therefore tenuous, because infants’ actions may differ with stimulus intensity; expressiveness may differ between infants; different watchers may judge infants differently; etc. Particularly, the watcher’s ability to “read” the infant may improve with the infant’s age, confounding any interpretation of perceptual maturation. Further, the infant’s gaze duration, an assumed cue to stimulus detection, may lengthen or shorten nonlinearly with infant age.Research limitations/implicationsInfant psychophysics investigators have neglected the role of the observer, resulting in an accumulation of data that requires substantial re-interpretation. Altogether, infant psychophysics has proven far too resilient for its own good.Originality/valueInfant psychophysics is examined for the first time through second-order cybernetics. The approach reveals serious unresolved issues.
Heterogeneous topology design and voxel-based bio-printing
Authors: Ahsan AMM , Xie Ruinan , Khoda Bashir 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a topology-based tissue scaffold design methodology to accurately represent the heterogeneous internal architecture of tissues/organs.

Design/methodology/approach
An image analysis technique is used that digitizes the topology information contained in medical images of tissues/organs. A weighted topology reconstruction algorithm is implemented to represent the heterogeneity with parametric functions. The parametric functions are then used to map the spatial material distribution following voxelization. The generated chronological information yields hierarchical tool-path points which are directly transferred to the three-dimensional (3D) bio-printer through a proposed generic platform called Application Program Interface (API). This seamless data corridor between design (virtual) and fabrication (physical) ensures the manufacturability of personalized heterogeneous porous scaffold structure without any CAD/STL file.

Findings
The proposed methodology is implemented to verify the effectiveness of the approach and the designed example structures are bio-fabricated with a deposition-based bio-additive manufacturing system. The designed and fabricated heterogeneous structures are evaluated which shows conforming porosity distribution compared to uniform method.

Originality/value
In bio-fabrication process, the generated bio-models with boundary representation (B-rep) or surface tessellation (mesh) do not capture the internal architectural information. This paper provides a design methodology for scaffold structure mimicking the native tissue/organ architecture and direct fabricating the structure without reconstructing the CAD model. Therefore, designing and direct bio-printing the heterogeneous topology of tissue scaffolds from medical images minimize the disparity between the internal architecture of target tissue and its scaffold.
Experimental investigations on natural fiber embedded additive manufacturing-based biodegradable structures for biomedical applications
Authors: Mangat Amarveer Singh , Singh Sunpreet , Gupta Munish , Sharma Ravinder 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore and investigate the mechanical as well as bacterial characteristics of chemically treated waste natural fiber inserted three-dimensional structures (NFi3DS) produced with fused filament deposition (FFD) for biomedical applications.

Design/methodology/approach
In this work, a novel approach has been used for developing the customized porous structures particularly for scaffold applications. Initially, raw animal fibers were collected, and thereafter, the chemical treatment has been performed for making their wise utility in biomedical structures. For this purpose, silk fiber and sheep wool fibers were used as laminations, whereas polylactic acid was used as matrix material. A low-cost desktop time additive manufacturing setup was used for making the customized and porous parts by considering type of fiber, number of laminates, infill density and raster angle as input parameters.

Findings
The results obtained after using design of experimental technique highlighted that output characteristics (such as dimensional accuracy, hardness, three-point bending strength and bacterial test) are influenced by input parameters, as reported in the obtained signal/noise plots and analysis of variance. Optimum level of input parameters has also been found through Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, for single parametric optimization, and teaching learning-based algorithm and particle swarm optimization, for multiple parametric optimization. Overall, the results of the studies supported the use of embedded structures for scaffold-based biomedical applications.

Research limitations/implications
Presently, NFi3DS were produced by using the hand-lay-based manual approach that affected the uniform insert’s distribution and thickness. It is advised to use the automatic fiber placement system, synced with a three-dimensional printer, to achieve greater geometrical precision.

Practical implications
As both natural fibers and polymer matrix used in this work are well established for their biological properties, hence the methodology explored in this work will help the practitioners/academicians in developing highly compatible scaffold structures.

Social implications
The present work defines a new practice where the researchers can use natural fibers to reduce the cost associated with fabrication of customized scaffold prints.

Originality/value
The development of natural fiber embedded FFD-based structures is not yet explored for their feasibility in biomedical applications.
SIRT1 deacetylase in aging‐induced neuromuscular degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Herskovits Adrianna Z. , Hunter Tegan A. , Maxwell Nicholas , Pereira Katherine , Whittaker Charles A. , Valdez Gregorio , Guarente Leonard P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSIRT1 is an NAD+‐dependent deacetylase that functions in a variety of cells and tissues to mitigate age‐associated diseases. However, it remains unknown if SIRT1 also acts to prevent pathological changes that accrue in motor neurons during aging and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this study, we show that SIRT1 expression decreases in the spinal cord of wild‐type mice during normal aging. Using mouse models either overexpressing or lacking SIRT1 in motor neurons, we found that SIRT1 slows age‐related degeneration of motor neurons’ presynaptic sites at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Transcriptional analysis of spinal cord shows an overlap of greater than 90% when comparing alterations during normal aging with changes during ALS, revealing a substantial upregulation in immune and inflammatory response genes and a downregulation of synaptic transcripts. In addition, overexpressing SIRT1 in motor neurons delays progression to end‐stage disease in high copy SOD1G93Amice. Thus, our findings suggest that there are parallels between ALS and aging, and interventions to impede aging may also slow the progression of this devastating disease.