bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary partitioning promotes the coexistence of planktivorous species on coral reefs
Authors: Leray Matthieu , Alldredge Alice L. , Yang Joy Y. , Meyer Christopher P. , Holbrook Sally J. , Schmitt Russell J. , Knowlton Nancy , Brooks Andrew J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTheories involving niche diversification to explain high levels of tropical diversity propose that species are more likely to co‐occur if they partition at least one dimension of their ecological niche space. Yet, numerous species appear to have widely overlapping niches based upon broad categorizations of resource use or functional traits. In particular, the extent to which food partitioning contributes to species coexistence in hyperdiverse tropical ecosystems remains unresolved. Here, we use a molecular approach to investigate inter‐ and intraspecific dietary partitioning between two species of damselfish (Dascyllus flavicaudus, Chromis viridis) that commonly co‐occur in branching corals. Species‐level identification of their diverse zooplankton prey revealed significant differences in diet composition between species despite their seemingly similar feeding strategies. Dascyllus exhibited a more diverse diet than Chromis, whereas Chromis tended to select larger prey items. A large calanoid copepod, Labidocera sp., found in low density and higher in the water column during the day, explained more than 19% of the variation in dietary composition between Dascyllus and Chromis. Dascyllus did not significantly shift its diet in the presence of Chromis, which suggests intrinsic differences in feeding behaviour. Finally, prey composition significantly shifted during the ontogeny of both fish species. Our findings show that levels of dietary specialization among coral reef associated species have likely been underestimated, and they underscore the importance of characterizing trophic webs in tropical ecosystems at higher levels of taxonomic resolution. They also suggest that niche redundancy may not be as common as previously thought.
Episcopal Liturgical Pastoral Governance: A Restricted Reception
Authors: Gadie Paul 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Constitution on the Liturgy, Sacrosanctum concilium (1963), envisaged an extensive episcopal liturgical governance role. With the local episcopal conference, the bishop was to regulate the use of language in the liturgy and prepare and translate liturgical prayers into ‘living languages’ and oversee the implementation of liturgical change. These were key conciliar expressions of episcopal governance, which represented a deeper theology of the episcopacy. In subsequent years, the Council's reform agenda was challenged and resisted by the Roman Curia and others. The Curia aimed at protecting its pre-Vatican II position of governance and was not inclined to receive the Council's collegial and synodal ecclesiology. The most recent development, Magnum principium (2017), may be viewed as an opportunity yet to be grasped.
Property advertising and the representational production of suburbia: “Functional suburbs” and “lifestyle suburbs” in Auckland
Authors: Turner Alexandria , Mann Michael , Baker Tom 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper joins literature on suburban advertising with Lefebvre's concept of representational space to analyse property advertisements as part of the representational production of suburban space. Based on comparative analysis of advertising material for suburban residential developments on Auckland's “North Shore” in two time‐periods—1950s and 2010s—the paper examines changes and continuities in thematic content. While property advertisements in the mid‐1900s emphasised the “functional suburb,” paying attention to attributes such as quality of utilities and proximity to the central city, more recently advertisements have more strongly emphasised the “lifestyle suburb,” with a focus on middle‐class community and natural amenity.
Case series of 331 cases of sugammadex compared to neostigmine in patients under 2 years of age
Authors: Franz Amber M. , Chiem Jennifer , Martin Lizabeth D. , Rampersad Sally , Phillips Jennifer , Grigg Eliot B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundSugammadex is a novel neuromuscular blockade reversal agent approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2015, but little literature exists for patients less than 2 years of age.AimsThe aims of this study were to: describe a cohort of patients 2 years old and younger who received sugammadex; describe any adverse effects of sugammadex in this age group; compare time from end of surgery to out of operating room for sugammadex versus neostigmine; compare time between last dose of neuromuscular blocking drug and reversal; and use train‐of‐four data to assess reversal.MethodsChart review of the medical record and the anesthesia information system captured all patients in this age cohort who received sugammadex or neostigmine over a two‐year period. Adverse medication events were pulled from a mandatory quality improvement field in the electronic anesthesia record. T‐tests were used for analyses.ResultsNo adverse effects were reported with 331 doses of sugammadex. The average time in minutes between end of surgery and out of operating room was similar for neostigmine (19.6) versus sugammadex (19.4) (mean difference 0.2, 95% CI −1.5‐1.8, P = 0.85). The average time in minutes between last dose of neuromuscular blocking drug and reversal agent was longer for neostigmine (103) than for sugammadex (84) (mean difference 19, 95% CI 13‐26, P < 0.001).ConclusionsSugammadex administration in this young population did not result in any adverse effects. It appears to be equally effective as neostigmine in patients under 2 years of age.
Human evolution and culture in relationship to shame in the parenting role: Implications for psychology and psychotherapy
Authors: Kirby James N. , Sampson Hayley , Day Jamin , Hayes Alan , Gilbert Paul 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesThere is considerable evidence that early parenting has profound effects on a range of physiological and psychological maturation processes. Furthermore, psychotherapy often addresses some of the distortions and developmental difficulties that have arisen from early childhood. While research has focused on obvious candidates such as abuse and neglect, this paper reviews some of the core themes related to a less investigated area, specifically parental shame on child development. Role shame sensitive parenting styles will be explored against an evolutionary background that contrasts early human and modern human rearing contexts. We also outline a study examining the role of shame in psychological controlling and dysfunctional parenting styles, its relationship to different dimensions of shame and fears of compassion.DesignAn online survey was conducted containing self‐report measures of dysfunctional parenting styles, three dimensions of shame (external, internal, and reflected), fears of compassion, mental health indices, and a measure of psychological flexibility.MethodsAn online survey was accessed by 333 parents (306 being female) with a child between the ages of 3–9 years.ResultsTwo hierarchical multiple regressions indicated support for our two primary hypotheses, with shame explaining significant variance in both psychological controlling and dysfunctional parenting styles over and above that explained by psychological inflexibility, parental mental health, and fears of compassion. Additionally, results from standard multiple regressions indicated that fears of compassion account for significant variance in external shame, as well as internal and reflected shame.ConclusionsRecommendations for future research include focusing on parental motivation in order to help support parents and children are provided.Practitioner pointsShame is a major factor for how parents engage in parenting practices and respond to their childrenPractitioners need to be sensitive to the shame parents can experience and asses for itAssessing shame‐threat in parenting and shifting to compassionate motivation can lead to more responsive and positive parenting
Building an integrative science for psychotherapy for the 21st century: Preface and introduction
Authors: Gilbert Paul , Kirby James N. 
Published: April 2019

Psychotherapy is plagued with fragmentation of models, theories, and interventions. The future of psychotherapy requires an integrative framework rooted in the expanding science of psychology, neuroscience, and social contextualism. The papers in this special issue address these challenges for psychotherapy, ranging from explorations of the implications of epigenetics, evolutionary functional analysis, interpersonal neurobiology, the importance of social relationships as physiological regulators, through to the challenges of ethnic diversities and the growing digital technologies.Practitioner points

As therapists, we should be aware of the challenges posed by the proliferating ‘schools of therapy’ and consider commonalities rooted in a scientific understanding of the mind.

The science of understanding the causes, alleviation, and prevention of mental health problems is increasingly multidimensional taking into consideration the interactions between biological, psychological and social processes and in the process dissolving the boundaries between different schools of psychotherapy.
Pressure gradients, laboratory changes, and outcomes with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in pediatric portal hypertension
Authors: Slowik Voytek , Monroe Eric J. , Friedman Seth D. , Hsu Evelyn K. , Horslen Simon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionIndications for TIPS are well described in adults and involve complications of PHTN. Complications from PHTN are associated with PSG of > 12 mm Hg in adults. It is unclear if these parameters apply to children with PHTN.ObjectiveTo assess whether adult criteria for TIPS placement can be utilized in children, describe laboratory changes over time, and report outcomes.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of 34 pediatric patients who underwent TIPS, examining indications, radiology, PSG reductions, laboratory changes, and outcomes.ResultsMost patients had PHTN due to parenchymal liver disease including congenital hepatic fibrosis (n = 5), biliary atresia (n = 5), cystic fibrosis–related liver disease (n = 3) and cavernous transformation of the portal vein (n = 6). Indications for TIPS included variceal bleeding, recurrent ascites, and maintenance of portal vein flow following thrombolysis. Variceal bleeding was observed in six children with PSG < 12 mm Hg. Minor complications occurred in eight subjects. Continued bleeding occurred in one patient. Six patients were successfully bridged to transplantation, and three patients died secondary to end‐stage disease. Standard laboratory tests stabilized after TIPS placement and hematocrit increased.ConclusionTIPS placement in pediatric patients was performed for complications of PHTN. Unlike adult series, a substantial proportion of our cases treated extrahepatic PHTN from cavernous transformation of the portal vein. Children presented with sequelae of PHTN with PSG below 12 mm Hg, below the adult standard. We found TIPS in pediatrics to be safe and effective with laboratory stabilization and improvement in hematocrit.
Subjective well‐being and political participation: Empirical evidence from Ghana
Authors: Sulemana Iddisah , Agyapong Elijah 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA large, extant literature examines the effect of political factors on individual subjective well‐being. These studies have treated political factors as a cause and subjective well‐being as an effect. A sparse but growing literature now advances the argument that subjective well‐being is a cause and voting or political participation an effect. In this paper we examine whether subjective well‐being influences voting and political participation in Ghana. Using data from Wave 6 of the World Values Survey in Ghana, we find that subjective well‐being influences neither voting nor protest behavior.
Novel confocal Raman microscopy method to investigate hydration mechanisms in human skin
Authors: Wang Hequn , Zhang Qihong , Mao Guangru , Conroy Oscar , Pyatski Yelena , Fevola Michael J. , Cula Gabriela Oana , Maitra Prithwiraj , Mendelsohn Richard , Flach Carol R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundSkin hydration is essential for maintaining stratum corneum (SC) flexibility and facilitating maturation events. Moisturizers contain multiple ingredients to maintain and improve skin hydration although a complete understanding of hydration mechanisms is lacking. The ability to differentiate the source of the hydration (water from the environment or deeper skin regions) upon application of product will aid in designing more efficacious formulations.Materials and MethodsNovel confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) experiments allow us to investigate mechanisms and levels of hydration in the SC. Using deuterium oxide (D2O) as a probe permits the differentiation of endogenous water (H2O) from exogenous D2O. Following topical application of D2O, we first compare in vivo skin depth profiles with those obtained using ex vivo skin. Additional ex vivo experiments are conducted to quantify the kinetics of D2O diffusion in the epidermis by introducing D2O under the dermis.ResultsRelative D2O depth profiles from in vivo and ex vivo measurements compare well considering procedural and instrumental differences. Additional in vivo experiments where D2O was applied following topical glycerin application increased the longevity of D2O in the SC. Reproducible rates of D2O diffusion as a function of depth have been established for experiments where D2O is introduced under ex vivo skin.ConclusionUnique information regarding hydration mechanisms are obtained from CRM experiments using D2O as a probe. The source and relative rates of hydration can be delineated using ex vivo skin with D2O underneath. One can envision comparing these depth‐dependent rates in the presence and absence of topically applied hydrating agents to obtain mechanistic information.
Analisis Isu-Isu Hukum Islam Berkaitan Wanita Dalam Fiqh Jihad Aliran Ekstremisme Agama
Authors: Abd Razak Muhd Imran , Ramli Mohd Anuar , Abdul Rahim Rahimin Affandi , Yusof @Salleh Muhammad Yusri , Hassan Paiz 
Published: April 2019

The religious extremism ideology has gained the support of a small number of Muslim women. The increased participation of these groups is due to various internal and external factors. In regard of this, this study focuses on Islamic ruling issues related to the fiqh of women’s jihad in the doctrine of religious extremism, such as combatant and jihad marriage. This study applies the library approach by examining the materials of religious group extremism and classical also contemporary clerics discussing about the involvement of women in fiqh jihad. Qualitative data are collected and the content were analyzed based on deductive and comparative methods. The findings suggest that the religious extremism group uses a hard interpretation of Islamic ruling and is contrary to classical and contemporary clerics, for example in the issue of allowing women to take up arms as well as in the issue of jihad marriage that degrade women’s dignity. As a result the victims who were involved directly or indirectly will be discriminated involved in sexual exploitation and tyranny. Hence, the approach of discourse that offers women-friendly fiqh is greatly needed
The Hybrid Nature of Sirah Nabawiyyah: An Analysis of Quranic Biography of Muhammad’s Early Lifeife
Authors: Azmi Ahmad Sanusi 
Published: April 2019

Sirah materials have been deemed by modern scholars as a hybrid literature, a combination of biography, prophetology and hagiography. The authors of the sirah record the Prophet’s significance with admiration and clear devotion; but there is very little evidence of his early life and the narratives are recorded with reverence. In the Quran itself, there is little evidence of Prophet Muḥammad’s early biography, with scarcely any details before the receiving of his first revelations around the age of forty. Even with the infrequency of its references, this condition cause no hinder to a Muslim. A complete biography of the Prophet’s life was produced completely equipped with its references from the Quran. The present study aims to explore the development of emerging number of Quranic verses that used as references for the narratives of the Prophet’s early life in sirah literature. It also seeks to analyze the nature of relationship between sirah and the Quran. The present study deals solely with texts. In order to attain the objectives of the research, textual analysis will be employed as a major tool in examining and exploring the sources The study in its findings argue that Quranization of the sirah account in the rationalist atmosphere of the ninth century drove some authors to refer to the Quran as a supportive mechanism, to strengthen and provide a solid ground for what they were saying about Prophet Muhammad.
EFFECT OF BONE QUALITY ON INITIAL STABILITY OF ORTHODONTIC MINISCREWS
Authors: TSAI MING-TZU , YU WAN-PING , HUANG HENG-LI , HSU JUI-TING 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of the contact percentage (BMC%) of three-dimensional (3D) bone-to-miniscrew specimens in relation to host bone quality on initial miniscrew stability. Furthermore, their correlations were evaluated.Methods: Orthodontic miniscrews (1.6[Formula: see text]mm in diameter and 11[Formula: see text]mm in length) were inserted into four types of artificial bones to measure the maximum insertion torque value (ITV). The miniscrew and artificial foam bone specimens were also scanned using microcomputed tomography, and the obtained images were imported into Mimics software to reconstruct the 3D models and calculate the BMC%. The Kruskal–Wallis test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test with Bonferroni adjustment, and Spearman correlations were applied for statistical and correlation analyses.Results and Conclusions: Inserting the orthodontic miniscrew into artificial foam bone exhibiting higher bone quality resulted in higher maximum ITV and BMC%. The initial implant stability, quantified using ITV, was strongly positively ([Formula: see text]) and correlated with BMC%, as measured from microcomputed tomography images.
Homeostatic Roles of STING in Cell Proliferation and Chromosomal Instability
Authors: Gius David , Zhu Yueming 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this issue of Cancer Research, Ranoa and colleagues report on the role of STING (stimulator of IFN genes, TMEM173) in regulating critical tumor cell–intrinsic functions including cell-cycle progression, chromosomal stability, and cellular response to therapeutic ionizing radiation. The authors used multiple methods including RNA expression profiling, molecular and biochemical techniques, cell biology, and reagents from genetically modified murine models to test their hypothesis that downregulating the STING pathway in cancer cells promotes cellular transformation through accumulation of chromosomal instability and premature progression of the cell cycle. Their findings demonstrate that STING is a tumor suppressor that inhibits cell proliferation by restricting entry to mitosis as well as protecting cells against aneuploidy. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the role of STING as a tumor gate keeper.
See related article by Ranoa et al., p. 1465
100 Years of Progress in Boundary Layer Meteorology
Authors: LeMone Margaret A. , Angevine Wayne M. , Bretherton Christopher S. , Chen Fei , Dudhia Jimy , Fedorovich Evgeni , Katsaros Kristina B. , Lenschow Donald H. , Mahrt Larry , Patton Edward G. , Sun Jielun , Tjernström Michael , Weil Jeffrey 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOver the last 100 years, boundary layer meteorology grew from the subject of mostly near-surface observations to a field encompassing diverse atmospheric boundary layers (ABLs) around the world. From the start, researchers drew from an ever-expanding set of disciplines—thermodynamics, soil and plant studies, fluid dynamics and turbulence, cloud microphysics, and aerosol studies. Research expanded upward to include the entire ABL in response to the need to know how particles and trace gases dispersed, and later how to represent the ABL in numerical models of weather and climate (starting in the 1970s–80s); taking advantage of the opportunities afforded by the development of large-eddy simulations (1970s), direct numerical simulations (1990s), and a host of instruments to sample the boundary layer in situ and remotely from the surface, the air, and space. Near-surface flux-profile relationships were developed rapidly between the 1940s and 1970s, when rapid progress shifted to the fair-weather convective boundary layer (CBL), though tropical CBL studies date back to the 1940s. In the 1980s, ABL research began to include the interaction of the ABL with the surface and clouds, the first ABL parameterization schemes emerged; and land surface and ocean surface model development blossomed. Research in subsequent decades has focused on more complex ABLs, often identified by shortcomings or uncertainties in weather and climate models, including the stable boundary layer, the Arctic boundary layer, cloudy boundary layers, and ABLs over heterogeneous surfaces (including cities). The paper closes with a brief summary, some lessons learned, and a look to the future.
Multilayer of Suppliers Fixed Costs and Spatial Competition in the Upstream Market as a Source of Retailers Buying Power
Authors: Das Dipankar 
Published: April 2019

The present study is in the context of the new Model Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) Act 2003, which aims at freedom of farmers to sell their products to the large private firms and bringing reforms in the wholesale ‘cash and carry’ and retail markets in India. The most important suggestions have remarked in the Economic survey 2014–2015 and outlined that state governments should be specially persuaded by the central government to provide policy support for alternative or special markets in the large private sector. Many states, including West Bengal, accepted the proposal and had opened the market for agricultural commodities for the large private sector. In this paper, we study a model of vertical restraints in the case of small farmers in West Bengal, India considering multilayer of fixed costs and monopoly power of the small as well as large traders in the vertical structure. JEL: D8, D43, L13