bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microscopic and phytochemical techniques as a tool for authentication of herbal drug chiraita: Swertia cordata (G. Don) C.B. Clarke
Authors: Rashid Sofia , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Sultana Shazia , Ahmad Sidra Nisar , Yaseen Ghulam , Ozdemir Fethi Ahmet , Afza Rabia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSwertia cordata (G. Don) C.B. Clarke is one of the potential medicinal plants extensively used in eastern traditional medicine such as Unani, Ayurveda, Siddha, and in traditional Tibetan and Chinese medicine. S. paniculata is the common adulterant of S. cordata at herbal shops and markets but S. paniculata is also used in number of herbal formulations. The present study was conducted to use microscopic, pharmacognostic, and phytochemical techniques as a tool for the authentication of herbal drug chiraita (S. cordata). In herbal markets, mixing, adulteration, and use of spurious materials as substitute have become a major concern for herbal practitioners, local user, and industry for reasons of safety and efficacy. Therefore, authentication of medicinal plants is of utmost importance at each level of drug research. In the present study, anatomical features of two species showed a great diversity, as irregular epidermal cells and nonglandular, unicellular trichomes were found in S. cordata while in S. paniculata epidermal cells were hexagonal in shape and trichomes were A‐shaped. Antioxidant activity of two species showed a great variation where IC50 value recorded for S. cordata was 208 μg/mL, while for S. paniculata IC50 was 624 μg/mL. The study can serve as an important source of information to achieve the authenticity and to evaluate the quality and purity of the plant material in accordance to WHO guidelines. As this species is greatly exploited, so conservation is highly recommended.
Impact of the physical environment on patient outcomes of genetic counseling: An exploratory study
Authors: Morris Emily , Best Jacob , Inglis Angela , Austin Jehannine 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe psychology literature shows that the physical space in which counseling sessions are conducted influences outcomes of the interaction. However, this phenomenon has not been quantitatively explored in genetic counseling (GC). Through retrospective review of naturalistic data from a psychiatric GC clinic (where data on patient outcomes are routinely tracked from pre‐ to 1 month post‐appointment using the Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale (GCOS, empowerment) and the Illness Management Self Efficacy Scale (IMSES), we tested the hypotheses that patients seen in comfortably furnished counseling (C‐type) rooms would have greater increases in (a) empowerment and (b) self‐efficacy after GC than patients seen in medically oriented (M‐type) rooms. We matched each patient with complete GCOS and/or IMSES who was seen in a C‐type room between February 2012 and December 2017 to four M‐type room controls where possible. We used t tests to compare change in outcome scale scores between groups. There were no significant differences in change in scores between patients seen in M‐type (GCOS n = 84, IMSES n = 56) and C‐type rooms (GCOS n = 22, IMSES n = 18) (p = 0.241, d = 0.26, and p = 0.602, d = 0.14, respectively). The effect sizes we demonstrate allow estimation of sample size calculations for the design of future prospective studies.
The arousal effect of hyperbaric oxygen through orexin/hypocretin an upregulation on ketamine/ethanol‐induced unconsciousness in male rats
Authors: Bian* Hetao , Huang* Lei , Li Bo , Hu Qin , Liang Xiping , Tang Jiping , Zhang John H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractApproaches that facilitate the recovery from coma would have enormous impacts on patient outcomes and medical economics. Orexin‐producing neurons release orexins (also known as hypocretins) energy‐dependently to maintain arousal. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) could increase ATP levels by preserving mitochondrial function. We investigated, for the first time, the arousal effects of HBO and orexins mechanisms in a rat model of unconsciousness induced by ketamine or ethanol. A total of 120 Sprague‐Dawley male rats were used in this study. Unconsciousness was induced either by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine or ethanol. The HBO treatment (100% O2 at 3 ATA) was administered immediately after unconsciousness induction for 1 hr. SB334867, orexin‐1 receptor (OX1R) inhibitor, or JNJ10397049, orexin‐2 receptor (OX2R) inhibitor was administered 30 min intraperitoneally before unconsciousness induction. Loss of righting reflex test (LORR) and Garcia test were used to evaluate the unconsciousness duration and neurological deficits after recovering from unconsciousness, respectively. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure brain tissue ATP and orexin A levels. Ketamine or ethanol injection resulted in LORR immediately and neurological deficits 6 hr after unconsciousness induction. HBO treatment significantly reduced the LORR duration, improved Garcia scores and unregulated ATP and orexin A levels in the brain tissue. Administration of OX1R inhibitor or OX2 R inhibitor abolished arousal and neurological benefits of HBO. In conclusion, HBO exerted arousal‐promoting effects on unconscious rats induced by ketamine or ethanol. The underlying mechanism was via, at least in part, ATP/orexin A upregulation. HBO may be a practical clinical approach to accelerate unconsciousness recovery in patients.
IGNITE network: Response of patients to genomic medicine interventions
Authors: Orlando Lori A. , Voils Corrine , Horowitz Carol R. , Myers Rachel A. , Arwood Meghan J. , Cicali Emily J. , McDonough Caitrin W. , Pollin Toni I. , Guan Yue , Levy Kenneth D. , Ramirez Andrea , Quittner Alexandra , Madden Ebony B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe IGNITE network funds six genomic medicine projects. Though interventions varied, we hypothesized that synergies across projects could be leveraged to better understand the participant experiences with genomic medicine interventions. Therefore, we performed cross‐network analyses to identify associations between participant demographics and attitudes toward the intervention (attitude), plan to share results (share), and quality of life (QOL).MethodsData collection for demographics, attitude, share, and QOL surveys were standardized across projects. Recruitment and survey administration varied by each project's protocol.ResultsParticipants (N = 6,817) were 67.2% (N = 4,584) female, and 37.4% (N = 3,544) were minority. Mean age = 54.0 (sd 14.a). Younger participants were as follows: (1) more positive in attitude pre‐intervention (1.15‐fold decrease/10‐year age increase (OR)) and more negative after (1.14‐fold increase OR); (2) higher in QOL pre‐intervention (1.07‐fold increase OR) and postintervention; (3) more likely to share results (1.12‐fold increase OR). Race was significant when sharing results (white participants increased OR = 1.88), but not for change in QOL pre–postintervention or attitude.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate the feasibility of this approach and identified a few key themes which are as follows: age was consistently significant across the three outcomes, whereas race had less of an impact than expected. However, these are only associations and thus warrant further study.
A new drilling quadrilateral membrane element with high coarse‐mesh accuracy using a modified Hu‐Washizu principle
Authors: Chang T. L. , Lee C.‐L. , Carr A. J. , Dhakal R. P. , Pampanin S. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBy utilizing a modified Hu‐Washizu principle, a new mixed variational framework and a corresponding high‐performing four‐node membrane element with drilling degrees of freedom, named as GCMQ element, are proposed. In this work, the generalized conforming concept, which is originally proposed within a displacement‐based formulation, is extended to a mixed formulation. The new element is able to handle higher‐order displacement, strain, and stress distributions. The interpolations are complete up to second order for stress and strain. The enhanced strain field is optimized so that a complete cubic displacement field can be represented. For numerical integration, a five‐point scheme is proposed to minimize computational cost. Compared to other four‐node elements in existing literature, numerical examples show that the proposed element has a better performance regarding predictions of both displacements and internal forces, particularly with coarse meshes. The new element is also free from shear locking and volumetric locking. Due to the nature of the mixed framework, GCMQ can be directly used in elastoplastic applications.
Incorporating physical activity‐based interventions in school psychology research and practice: A systematic review
Authors: Greenspan Scott B. , Fefer Sarah A. , Whitcomb Sara A. , Kemp Jessica M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPhysical activity provides a myriad of well‐documented social‐emotional, behavioral, and academic benefits for youth. While research suggests that physical activity should be integrated within the school day to support the well‐being of students, an understanding of related empirical work within school psychology research and practice is unclear. School psychologists are well positioned to systematically incorporate physical activity within their intervention practices, particularly given their role and expertise in implementing and evaluating interventions. Authors engaged in a systematic review of 20 years (1998–2018) of physical activity intervention research within 10 peer‐reviewed school psychology journals and six school psychology‐related journals. Authors analyzed 22 studies to glean a comprehensive understanding of the literature base and highlight the ways in which physical activity can be incorporated to support school and student outcomes. Suggestions for research and practice in school psychology are discussed in light of the examined literature.
A study of the aromaticity and ring currents of azaacepentalenes
Authors: Lu Fang , Kerim Ablikim 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUsing the topological resonance energy (TRE) method, a computational study has been carried out on the aromaticity of an acepentalene (cyclopenta[cd]pentalene) molecule upon the replacement at different positions of some of its carbon atoms by two pyrrole‐like nitrogen atom isomers and by one or more pyridine‐like nitrogen atom isomers. The relative aromaticity of the isomers was explained by the topological charge stabilization rule. Each of the resultant azaacepentalene isomers shows lower aromaticity relative to the acepentalene dianion. We found that the magnitudes of the global aromaticity of these azaacepentalenes are solely determined by the position of the two substituted pyrrole‐like nitrogen atoms. Bond resonance energy (BRE) and circuit resonance energy (CRE) indices were used to evaluate the local aromaticity of each of the distinct azaacepentalenes. Our BRE and CRE results show that all of these compounds are primarily stabilized by the 6π electron conjugated system. Our global and local aromaticity results are compared with the other aromaticity indices as reported in the literature. Regarding the order of aromaticity, some discrepancies were found between the magnetic and energic criteria for aromaticity. The ring current (RC) analyses were made using the Hückel‐London model. The RC results revealed that all of the compounds were diatropic, and the quantitative differences in their degrees of diatropicity were quite consistent with the experimental data on 1H NMR chemical shifts.
Giant lung cysts following necrotizing pneumonia: Resolution with conservative treatment
Authors: Gross Itai , Gordon Oren , Cohen‐Cymberknoh Malena , Reiter Joel , Tsabari Reuven , Gileles‐Hillel Alex , Erlichman Ira , Hevroni Avigdor , Shoseyov David , Kerem Eitan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRationaleNecrotizing pneumonia is characterized by destruction and liquefaction of the lung tissue and loss of the normal pulmonary parenchymal architecture. During the course of resolution areas of hyperlucency are formed, sometimes with the development of giant lung cysts that can be a field with fluid resembling lung abscess. There is no consensus on the management of these abnormalities.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of giant lung cysts as a complication of necrotizing pneumonia and to report our experience with conservative treatment that achieved complete resolution.MethodsMedical chart reviews of all children aged 0 to 18 years hospitalized with necrotizing pneumonia in a single tertiary center from 2015 to 2017, demographic data, and clinical course during and after hospitalization as well as serial chest imaging were collected.ResultsDuring the study period, 761 children were diagnosed with community‐acquired pneumonia, 16 of 761 (2.3%) had necrotizing pneumonia and 6 of 16 (37.5%) with necrotizing pneumonia complicated by a giant lung cyst or lung abscess. All were closely observed and showed complete clinical and radiographic resolution with antibiotic treatment.ConclusionsTreatment of giant lung cyst formation following necrotizing pneumonia by a conservative approach with prolonged antibiotics results in complete recovery with no need for invasive procedures.
X‐Ray Phase Contrast Imaging of the Impact of a Single HMX Particle in a Polymeric Matrix
Authors: Kerschen Nicholas E. , Sorensen Christian J. , Guo Zherui , Mares Jesus O. , Fezzaa Kamel , Sun Tao , Son Steven F. , Chen Weinong W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA complete understanding of the mechanisms by which high explosives (HEs) are shock initiated, especially at the particle scale, is still in demand. One approach to explain shock initiation phenomenon is hot spot theory, which suggests that distributed energy in energetic material is localized due to shock or impact to generate the high temperatures for ignition. This study focuses on the impact response of a HE polycrystalline particle, specifically HMX, in a polymer matrix. This represents a simplified analog of a traditional polymer‐bonded explosive (PBX) formulation. A light gas gun, together with high‐speed x‐ray phase contrast imaging (PCI), was used to study the impact response of a single particle of production‐grade HMX in a Sylgard‐184® matrix. The high‐speed x‐ray PCI allows for real‐time visualization of HE particle behavior. The experiments revealed that, at impact velocities of ∼200 m s−1, the energetic particle was cracked and crushed. When the impact velocity was increased to 445 m s−1, a significant volume expansion of the particle was observed. This volume expansion is considered to be the result of chemical reaction within the HE particle.
Black‐Hole Evolution from Stellar Collapse
Authors: Emelyanov Viacheslav A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe present a local approach towards black‐hole evaporation, which relies on the absence of quantum phase transition across the stellar surface. We show that this approach augmented with Bekenstein's black‐hole entropy gives the Hawking effect if the null energy condition is violated in the initial quantum‐field vacuum. If otherwise, an astrophysical black hole may then be expanding, that corresponds to the anti‐Hawking effect, i.e. a positive‐energy radiation flows into the black hole, taking its origin far away from the event horizon. This quantum process is reverse to the Hawking effect, as the latter is described by a negative‐energy influx nearby the horizon, which goes over to a positive‐energy outflux in the far‐horizon region. We also provide examples of quantum vacua well‐known in the literature, which give rise to both quantum effects from stellar collapse.
Chromosome Transplantation: Correction of the Chronic Granulomatous Disease Defect in Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Castelli Alessandra , Susani Lucia , Menale Ciro , Muggeo Sharon , Caldana Elena , Strina Dario , Cassani Barbara , Recordati Camilla , Scanziani Eugenio , Ficara Francesca , Villa Anna , Vezzoni Paolo , Paulis Marianna 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In spite of the progress in gene editing achieved in recent years, a subset of genetic diseases involving structural chromosome abnormalities, including aneuploidies, large deletions and complex rearrangements, cannot be treated with conventional gene therapy approaches. We have previously devised a strategy, dubbed chromosome transplantation (CT), to replace an endogenous mutated chromosome with an exogenous normal one. To establish a proof of principle for our approach, we chose as disease model the chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), an X-linked severe immunodeficiency due to abnormalities in CYBB (GP91) gene, including large genomic deletions. We corrected the gene defect by CT in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a CGD male mouse model. The Hprt gene of the endogenous X chromosome was inactivated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology thus allowing the exploitation of the hypoxanthine–aminopterin–thymidine selection system to introduce a normal donor X chromosome by microcell-mediated chromosome transfer. X-transplanted clones were obtained, and diploid XY clones which spontaneously lost the endogenous X chromosome were isolated. These cells were differentiated toward the myeloid lineage, and functional granulocytes producing GP91 protein were obtained. We propose the CT approach to correct iPSCs from patients affected by other X-linked diseases with large deletions, whose treatment is still unsatisfactory. Stem Cells 2019;37:876–887
Microscopic Elucidation of Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) Film Formation via Atomistic Reaction Simulations: Importance of Functional Groups of Electrolyte and Intact Additive Molecules
Authors: Takenaka Norio , Nagaoka Masataka 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSecondary batteries such as Li‐ion battery are expected to be utilized as not only ubiquitous electric power sources such as mobile phones but also large‐scale electricity storage devices. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the higher performance secondary batteries. Their lifetime and stability are found to be strongly dependent on the nature of passivation film called solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film formed on the anode surface in the initial charge‐discharge cycle. However, since it is difficult to directly observe the film formation processes in experiment, its microscopic mechanism is still not found. On the other hand, although the theoretical methods are useful complement to the experiment, some new methodologies are necessary to understand the long‐term processes of SEI film, which is produced as a result of that a lot of chemical reactions proceed simultaneously. Under the circumstances, we have developed Red Moon method that can simulate such complex chemical reaction systems, and were able to analyze for the first time the SEI film formation processes on the anode surface at the atomistic level. Then, we clarified theoretically the microscopic mechanism of the additive effect which is essential to improve the Na‐ion battery performance so as to enhance the SEI film formation. This new microscopic insight must provide an important guiding principle for use in designing the most suitable electrolytes for developing high‐performance secondary batteries.
The Recovery Narrative: Politics and Possibilities of a Genre
Authors: Woods Angela , Hart Akiko , Spandler Helen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRecovery is now widely acknowledged as the dominant approach to the management of mental distress and illness in government, third-sector and some peer-support contexts across the United Kingdom and elsewhere in the Anglophone Global North. Although narrative has long been recognised in practice and in policy as a key “technology of recovery,” there has been little critical investigation of how recovery narratives are constituted and mobilised, and with what consequences. This paper offers an interdisciplinary, critical medical humanities analysis of the politics and possibilities of Recovery Narrative, drawing literary theoretical concepts of genre and philosophical approaches to the narrative self into conversation with the critiques of recovery advanced by survivor-researchers, sociologists and mad studies scholars. Our focus is not on the specific stories of individuals, but on the form, function and effects of Recovery Narrative as a highly circumscribed kind of storytelling. We identify the assumptions, lacunae and areas of tension which compel a more critical approach to the way this genre is operationalised in and beyond mental health services, and conclude by reflecting on the possibilities offered by other communicative formats, spaces and practices.
Futurizing politics and the sustainability of real-world experiments: what role for innovation and exnovation in the German energy transition?
Authors: David Martin , Gross Matthias 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The German energy transition towards more sustainable forms of energy production has been characterized as a large-scale or real-world experiment. Whereas experiments are open-ended processes set up explicitly to allow (or even generate) surprises, by contrast sustainability implies the pursuit of clearly defined, normative ends. Whereas much of the literature on system transformation builds on the concept of innovation, our hypothesis is that focusing on the “natural” flipside of innovation—called here “exnovation,” i.e., departing from unsustainable pathways—should also be seen as a valuable conceptual strategy for coping with the tension between the unavoidable indeterminacy resulting from unknown risks and the necessary amendment and redefinition of goals and rules. In this paper the German energy transition (Energiewende) is used to exemplify the recursive processes of experimentation that make it possible to accommodate surprise, and, thus, to conceptualize the unavoidable tension between innovation and the maintenance of older, unsustainable structures.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Sirenomelia: Cluster of Three Cases
Authors: Gowda Mamatha , Sharma Jyotsna , Thiagarajan Monica , Thanigasalam Vasanthan , Bharathi Deepak , Ramesh Devika 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSirenomelia is an extremely rare anomaly characterised by varying degrees of fusion of lower limbs. Anomalies involving uro-genital tract, colo-rectal atresia and vertebral defects are often associated. Prognosis largely depends upon concomitant visceral malformations as well as the degree of fusion defect. Classical sirenomelia is incompatible with life although there are few report of survivors. Prenatal diagnosis, though possible, is difficult to make due to associated anhydramnios and anomalies. Ultrasound is the main diagnostic modality with fetal MRI playing a complementary role. We describe three cases of fetal sirenomelia that presented within a span of 1 year and propose possible vascular insult as the cause.
A controlled trial of Gomco versus Plastibell for neonatal circumcisions in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bawazir Osama A. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Gomco or Plastibell devices are the most widely used method for circumcision. The present work was aimed to assess the incidence of complications in infants of ages up to six months in two used methods.

Methods:
It was a prospective randomized study conducted at a pediatric surgery clinic in 3 hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Eight hundred and five children, their ages were less than 6 months were enrolled for the present work. Children were randomized into two groups: Groups P and G using Plastibell and Gomco Circumcision methods, respectively. Statistical analysis of data was performed by using SPSS Version 17. Chi-square test and independent sample t-test was applied to compare both qualitative and quantitative variables, respectively. P-value was considered as significant difference at <0.05.

Results:
Seven hundred eighty three children were were enrolled in this investigation. Plastibell method was concomitant with low volume of bleeding in comparison with Gomco method (P < 0.001). Incidence of complications including infection, penile edema, proximal migration and redundant skin was higher in Plastibell device method (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
Gomco circumcision is the safer method and is accompanied with lowest rate of complication.