bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting non‐sentinel lymph node metastasis in Australian breast cancer patients: are the nomograms still useful in the post‐Z0011 era?
Authors: Tapia Grace , Ying Victoria , Di Re Angelina , Stellin Anna , Cai Tommy Y. , Warrier Sanjay 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundAxillary lymph node dissection (ALND) can be avoided in breast cancer patients with low‐volume disease in the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) according to Z0011 trial. We believe that nomograms developed for predicting non‐sentinel lymph node (NSLN) metastases can guide the axillary treatment in patients who do not fully match the criteria of Z0011 study. We identified risk factors and evaluated the performance of three nomograms to predict NSLN status in patients with positive SLNs.MethodsData from 526 breast cancer patients with positive SLNs who underwent ALND at two Australian hospitals from 2002 to 2015 were studied. Univariate and multivariate associations for NSLN metastasis were analysed. Predictive models evaluated were MD Anderson Cancer Centre (MDA), Helsinki University Hospital and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre.ResultsThirty‐nine per cent of patients demonstrated NSLN metastasis. The multivariate analysis identified extranodal extension (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.07–4.80), tumour size >2 cm (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.66–3.89), macrometastasis (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.09–3.47), positive SLN ratio >0.5 (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.16–2.60) and lymphovascular invasion (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.09–2.44) as independent predictors for NSLN metastasis. MDA nomogram showed the best discrimination (area under the curve of 0.74) and a 9% false negative rate for predicted probability of NSLN metastasis ≤10%.ConclusionOur results suggest that presence of extranodal extension and tumour size >2 cm may influence the need of further axillary treatment. Conversely, ALND can be safety spared in low risk patients identified by MDA nomogram.
Effects of resveratrol treatment on mitochondria and subsequent embryonic development of bovine blastocysts cryopreserved by slow freezing
Authors: Hayashi Takeshi , Kansaku Kazuki , Abe Takahito , Ueda Shuji , Iwata Hisataka 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of cryopreservation by slow freezing on the mitochondrial function, DNA integrity, and developmental ability of bovine embryos and examined whether resveratrol treatment of the frozen‐thawed blastocysts improved embryonic viability. In vitro produced bovine embryos were subjected to slow freezing. After thawing, the ATP content and mitochondrial DNA integrity (mtDNA), determined by real‐time PCR targeting short and long mitochondrial sequences, was found to be lower in frozen‐thawed embryos than in fresh embryos, and mtDNA copy number was significantly reduced during the 24‐hr incubation post warming. Furthermore, immunostaining against double‐strand DNA revealed DNA damage in frozen‐thawed embryos. When frozen‐thawed embryos were incubated in the medium containing 0.5 µM resveratrol, SIRT1 expression, and survival rate of the embryos significantly improved compared with the vehicle‐treated embryos. In addition, cell‐free mtDNA content in medium was higher in case of resveratrol‐treated embryos than of vehicle‐treated embryos. In conclusion, slow freezing affects mitochondrial integrity and function in the blastocysts. In the frozen‐thawed embryos, mitochondria were removed during post‐thawing incubation and resveratrol enhanced the process, resulting in improved survivability of the embryos.
Nebivolol in the treatment of arterial hypertension
Authors: Olawi Nasima , Krüger Marcus , Grimm Daniela , Infanger Manfred , Wehland Markus 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis MiniReview reports the current knowledge about the treatment of arterial hypertension with the third‐generation beta‐adrenoceptor antagonist (BAA) nebivolol. Furthermore, it reviews the advantages of nebivolol compared to the earlier generation of BAAs with respect to their different pharmacological properties. Beta‐adrenoceptor antagonists are a class of drugs applied for several different conditions, including hypertension and heart failure. They differ significantly in their pharmacological properties, including varying β1/β2‐selectivity and/or exertion of additive effects on the heart and circulation. Although these drugs have been a part of hypertensive therapy for about 40 years, the outcome of large clinical trials has put the role of BAAs into question. However, most of these results were based on first‐ and second‐generation BAAs and cannot be translated directly into third‐generation drugs. The third‐generation BAA nebivolol has the highest β1‐selectivity seen so far, together with additional vasodilating and anti‐oxidative properties. It is currently applied in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Nebivolol has a unique pharmacological profile, despite showing similar blood pressure‐lowering effects, and has certain advantages in the treatment of hypertension compared to the previous generations of BAAs. This includes significant improvements in endothelial dysfunction, central haemodynamics and the degree of erectile dysfunction in men, a neutral/beneficial metabolic profile and lastly a more favourable side effect profile. It is widely beneficial for, for example, sexually active men and patients with comorbidities such as type II diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and chronic obstructive lung disorders. Whether the advantages translate to an improved long‐term clinical outcome remains to be clarified, and ongoing prospective studies will show this in the future.
The Clinical Impact of [68Ga]‐DOTATATE PET/CT for the Diagnosis and Management of Ectopic Adrenocorticotropic Hormone – Secreting Tumours
Authors: Wannachalee Taweesak , Turcu Adina F. , Bancos Irina , Habra Mouhammed Amir , Avram Anca M. , Chuang Hubert H. , Waguespack Steven G. , Auchus Richard J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesLocalization of ectopic ACTH‐secreting tumours causing Cushing syndrome (ECS) is essential for clinical management, yet often difficult. [68Ga]‐DOTATATE PET/CT ([68Ga]‐DOTA‐(Tyr3)‐octreotate)] is an FDA‐approved high‐resolution diagnostic tool for imaging neuroendocrine tumours. Data on the clinical utility of [68Ga]‐DOTATATE in patients with ECS, however, are scarce. The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy for ECS localization and the clinical benefit of [68Ga]‐DOTATATE imaging.MethodWe conducted a retrospective review of all cases with ECS evaluated with [68Ga]‐DOTATATE from November 2016 through October 2018 at three referral centres. The clinical benefit of [68Ga]‐DOTATATE was based on detection of new tumours and resultant changes in management.ResultsOver the study period, 28 patients with ECS underwent [68Ga]‐DOTATATE: 17 for identification of the primary tumour and 11 during follow‐up. [68Ga]‐DOTATATE identified the suspected primary ECS in 11/17 patients (65%). Of these, nine patients underwent surgery: eight with confirmed ECS (5 bronchial, 1 thymic, 1 pancreatic and 1 metastatic neuroendocrine tumour of unknown primary origin) and one patient with a false‐positive scan (adrenal gland). Of the 11 patients with ECS who underwent [68Ga]‐DOTATATE evaluation during follow‐up, the study led to changes in clinical management in 7/11 (64%) patients.Conclusions[68Ga]‐DOTATATE is sensitive in detecting primary and metastatic ECS, often identifies occult tumours after conventional imaging, and impacts clinical care in the majority of patients.
Heterozygous missense variants of SPTBN2 are a frequent cause of congenital cerebellar ataxia
Authors: Nicita Francesco , Nardella Marta , Bellacchio Emanuele , Alfieri Paolo , Terrone Gaetano , Piccini Giorgia , Graziola Federica , Pignata Claudio , Capuano Alessandro , Bertini Enrico , Zanni Ginevra 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHeterozygous missense variants in the SPTBN2 gene, encoding the non‐erythrocytic beta spectrin 2 subunit (beta‐III spectrin), have been identified in autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5), a rare adult‐onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, whereas homozygous loss of function variants in SPTBN2 have been associated with early onset cerebellar ataxia and global developmental delay (SCAR14). Recently, heterozygous SPTBN2 missense variants have been identified in a few patients with an early‐onset ataxic phenotype. We report five patients with non‐progressive congenital ataxia and psychomotor delay, 4/5 harboring novel heterozygous missense variants in SPTBN2 and one patient with compound heterozygous SPTBN2 variants. With an overall prevalence of 5% in our cohort of unrelated patients screened by targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) for congenital or early‐onset cerebellar ataxia, this study indicates that both dominant and recessive mutations of SPTBN2 together with CACNA1A and ITPR1, are a frequent cause of early‐onset/congenital non‐progressive ataxia and that their screening should be implemented in this subgroup of disorders.
Deferiprone exerts a dose‐dependent reduction of liver iron in adults with iron overload
Authors: Binding Andrew , Ward Richard , Tomlinson George , Kuo Kevin H. M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveWhile doses of deferiprone up to 75 mg/kg/d have been demonstrated to be effective in cardiac iron removal, their efficacy in the reduction of liver iron has been equivocal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of deferiprone dose on liver iron concentrations in adult iron overload patients.MethodsA single‐centered, retrospective, cohort observational study was conducted involving 71 patients exposed to deferiprone doses up to 113 mg/kg/d between January 2009 and June 2015 for a median of 33 months.ResultsAt the end of the study period, liver iron measured by R2 MRI was reduced by a mean 1.7 mg/g dw. A dose effect was observed, with incremental reductions of 2.8 mg/g dw in end of study LIC for every 10 mg/kg/d higher dose of deferiprone (P < 0.001). A dose effect was also observed in end of study ferritin and cardiac iron concentration measured by T2* MRI (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.048, respectively). No associations between adverse effects and deferiprone dose were observed, but there was a trend toward higher rates of agranulocytosis at higher doses and two of three hereditary hemochromatosis patients developed this complication.ConclusionThe present study failed to demonstrate that the use of deferiprone at >90 mg/kg/d was associated with increased risk of agranulocytosis or neutropenia, but did demonstrate more effective liver iron control in iron overload patients.
Pattern of neural activation following yohimbine‐induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking in rats
Authors: Walker Leigh C. , Kastman Hanna E. , Lawrence Andrew J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlcohol use disorders represent an extensive socioeconomic burden, yet effective treatment options are suboptimal. A major hurdle in treating alcohol use disorders is the high rate of relapse. Stress is a major factor that promotes relapse in abstinent drug users; therefore, understanding neural mechanisms that underpin the effects of stress on alcohol seeking is critical. In rodent models of stress‐induced relapse, the α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine, is a widely used chemical stressor to elicit reinstatement of drug/alcohol seeking. However, the exact mechanism how yohimbine precipitates reinstatement of alcohol seeking and the pattern of neural activation associated with yohimbine‐induced reinstatement is poorly understood. Therefore, we counted Fos‐protein positive nuclei across 42 brain regions in alcohol‐experienced alcohol preferring rats that received either yohimbine in the home‐cage (1 mg/kg i.p.) or following yohimbine‐induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking. The number of Fos‐protein positive nuclei was increased in the prefrontal cortex and extended amygdala after home‐cage yohimbine compared to naïve‐ and vehicle‐treated rats. Yohimbine‐induced reinstatement increased the number of Fos‐protein expressing nuclei in multiple other regions including the thalamus, hypothalamus and hippocampus. We then examined inter‐regional correlations in Fos‐protein expression for all 42 brain regions, which showed Fos expression was more strongly positively correlated following yohimbine‐induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking, compared to home‐cage yohimbine. These data suggest low‐dose yohimbine in a non‐drug‐associated context activates stress/impulsivity centres within the brain, whereas yohimbine in the drug‐associated context recruits additional brain regions to drive alcohol seeking.
Estimated six per cent loss of genetic variation in wild populations since the industrial revolution
Authors: Leigh Deborah M. , Hendry Andrew P. , Vázquez‐Domínguez Ella , Friesen Vicki L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGenetic variation is fundamental to population fitness and adaptation to environmental change. Human activities are driving declines in many wild populations and could have similar effects on genetic variation. Despite the importance of estimating such declines, no global estimate of the magnitude of ongoing genetic variation loss has been conducted across species. By combining studies that quantified recent changes in genetic variation across a mean of 27 generations for 91 species, we conservatively estimate a 5.4%–6.5% decline in within‐population genetic diversity of wild organisms since the industrial revolution. This loss has been most severe for island species, which show a 27.6% average decline. We identified taxonomic and geographical gaps in temporal studies that must be urgently addressed. Our results are consistent with single time‐point meta‐analyses, which indicated that genetic variation is likely declining. However, our results represent the first confirmation of a global decline and provide an estimate of the magnitude of the genetic variation lost from wild populations.
Meta‐analysis reveals enhanced growth of marine harmful algae from temperate regions with warming and elevated CO2 levels
Authors: Brandenburg Karen M. , Velthuis Mandy , Van de Waal Dedmer B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractElevated pCO2 and warming may promote algal growth and toxin production, and thereby possibly support the proliferation and toxicity of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Here, we tested whether empirical data support this hypothesis using a meta‐analytic approach and investigated the responses of growth rate and toxin content or toxicity of numerous marine and estuarine HAB species to elevated pCO2 and warming. Most of the available data on HAB responses towards the two tested climate change variables concern dinoflagellates, as many members of this phytoplankton group are known to cause HAB outbreaks. Toxin content and toxicity did not reveal a consistent response towards both tested climate change variables, while growth rate increased consistently with elevated pCO2. Warming also led to higher growth rates, but only for species isolated at higher latitudes. The observed gradient in temperature growth responses shows the potential for enhanced development of HABs at higher latitudes. Increases in growth rates with more CO2 may present an additional competitive advantage for HAB species, particularly as CO2 was not shown to enhance growth rate of other non‐HAB phytoplankton species. However, this may also be related to the difference in representation of dinoflagellate and diatom species in the respective HAB and non‐HAB phytoplankton groups. Since the proliferation of HAB species may strongly depend on their growth rates, our results warn for a greater potential of dinoflagellate HAB development in future coastal waters, particularly in temperate regions.
Flow cytometry “Ogata score” for the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes in a real‐life setting. A Latin American experience
Authors: Grille Montauban Sofía , Hernandez‐Perez Carlos R. , Velloso Elvira D. R. P. , Novoa Viviana , Lorand‐Metze Irene , Gonzalez Jaqueline , Solari Liliana , Cismondi Valeria , Serrano Juan Carlos , Burgnini Andreína , Rabelo‐Carrasco Laura J. , Bacal Nydia , Trias Natalia , Guevara Romina , Rico Vido Joyce , Crisp Renee , Enrico Alicia , Boada Matilde , Pereira Cunha Fernanda G. , Fanessi Viviana , Venegas María Belén , Issouribehere Diego , Novoa Andrea , Lens Daniela 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionFlow cytometry (FC) is a helpful tool for the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Different FC score systems have been developed. The “Ogata score” is a simple diagnostic score that has been validated having a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 92% in low‐risk MDS. We aimed to study the feasibility and the utility of the “Ogata score” for the diagnosis of MDS among Latin America (LA) Laboratories.MethodsThis is a case and control study conducted in LA institutions members of Grupo Latinoamericano de Mielodisplasia (GLAM). A total of 146 MDS patients and 57 control patients were included. “Ogata score” was calculated.ResultsThe sensitivity of “Ogata score” was 75.6% (95% CI, 66.8‐81.3), specificity was 91.2% (95% CI, 79.7‐96.7), PPV was 95.6% (95% CI, 88.5‐98.3), and NPV was 65.4% (95% CI, 49.1‐71.9). In low/intermediate‐1 IPSS patients group, the sensitivity was 70.1% (95% CI, 60.2‐78.2), specificity was 91.2% (CI‐95%, 79.7‐96.7), PPV was 94.2% (95% CI, 86.4‐97.8), and NPV was 62.1% (95% CI, 53.0‐78.7). In the group of patients “without MDS specific markers” (patients without ring sideroblasts, blast excess, or chromosomal abnormalities), the sensitivity was 66.7% (CI‐95%, 55.8‐76.0), specificity was 91.2% (95% CI, 79.7‐96.7), PPV was 92.3% (95% CI, 82.2‐97.1), and NPV was 63.5% (95% CI, 51.9‐73.5).ConclusionsThe diagnostic power found in this study was similar to the reported by Della‐Porta et al. Also in LA, the analysis was made in modern equipment with acquisition of at least 100 000 events which permits a good reproducibility of the results.
Broadband mid‐infrared emission from Cr2+ in crystal‐in‐glass composite glasses by Hot Uniaxial Pressing
Authors: Xia Kelun , Liu Zijun , Yuan Yuan , Chen Hua , Gan Haotian , Dai Shixun , Wang Xunsi , Xianghua Zhang , Wang Rongping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCr2+‐doped II‐VI crystals have witnessed an excellent gain media for continuously tunable and femtosecond‐pulsed lasers. Despite this, major challenges persist toward realizing ultrabroad emission bandwidth and efficient Cr2+‐doped fiber due to the valence diversity of Cr, especially in chalcogenide glasses. Here, we propose to prepare Cr2+:ZnSe/As2S3‐xSex composite glasses by Hot Uniaxial Pressing (HUP), a method that sinters uniformly mixed crystal and glass powders into geometrically designed composite chalcogenide glasses. The densification of the composite glasses reached 99.88%, indicating that a few or none pores remain. Our research shows that Cr2+:ZnSe crystals have good performance in chalcogenide glasses, and the composite glasses have the potential to be made into mid‐infrared–doped fibers. It was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) that the composite glasses have a uniform Cr2+:ZnSe distribution and no crystal disintegration. The transmittance of the composite glasses was significantly improved by tailoring the refraction index. The mid‐infrared (MIR) fluorescence and decay of the glasses were measured. The lattice constant was measured, calculated, and discussed to reveal the influence of sintering process on lifetime.
Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate prevents the adverse left ventricular remodelling: Focus on polymorphonuclear neutrophil‐derived granule components
Authors: Mao Shuai , Taylor Shalina , Chen Qubo , Zhang Minzhou , Hinek Aleksander 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsThe aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) on left ventricular (LV) remodelling after for ST‐elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods and resultsIn this prospective, randomized clinical trial, 101 patients with the ST‐elevated MI (STEMI) and a successful reperfusion were immediately randomized to receive STS (80 mg qd for 7 days) or saline control, along with standard therapy. The primary effectiveness endpoint is the % change in LV end diastolic volumes index (%∆ LVEDVi) as measured by echocardiography from baseline to 6 months. Secondary effectiveness endpoints include 6‐month period for major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including the occurrence of recurrent myocardial infarction, death, hospitalization for heart failure and malignant arrhythmia. The 6‐month changes in %∆ LVEDVi were significantly smaller in the STS group than in the control group [−5.05% vs 3.32%; P < 0.001]. With respect to MACE, there was a significant difference between those who received STS (8.16%) and those patients on control (26.00%) (P = 0.019). Meaningfully, results of parallel tests aimed at mechanistic explanation of the reported clinical effects, revealed a significantly reduced levels of neutrophils‐derived granule components in the blood of STS treated patients.ConclusionWe found that short‐term treatment with STS reduced progressive left ventricular remodelling and subsequent better clinical outcome that could be mechanistically linked to the inhibition of the ultimate damage of infarcted myocardium by infiltrating neutrophils.
Borderline personality disorder, complex trauma, and problems with self and identity: A social‐communicative approach
Authors: Luyten Patrick , Campbell Chloe , Fonagy Peter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a relatively highly prevalent psychiatric disorder that is associated with very high personal and socioeconomic costs. This paper provides a state‐of‐the‐art review of the relationship between complex trauma and key features of BPD, with a focus on problems with self‐coherence and self‐continuity. We first review evidence for the high prevalence of complex trauma in BPD patients. This is followed by a discussion of emerging knowledge concerning the biobehavioral mechanisms involved in problems related to self and identity in BPD. We emphasize three biobehavioral systems that are affected by complex trauma and are centrally implicated in identify diffusion in BPD: the attachment system, mentalizing or social cognition, and the capacity for epistemic trust—that is, an openness to the reception of social communication that is personally relevant and of generalizable significance. We formulate a new approach to personality and severe personality disorders, and to problems with self and identity in these disorders, rooted in a social‐communicative understanding of the foundations of selfhood. We also discuss how extant evidence‐based treatments address the above‐mentioned biobehavioral systems involved in identity diffusion in BPD and related disorders, and the supporting evidence. We close the paper with recommendations for future research.
Instrumental measurement of pomegranate texture during four maturity stages
Authors: Khodabakhshian Rasool , Emadi Bagher , Khojastehpour Mehdi , Golzarian Mahmood R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTexture of pomegranate fruit and arils are the main quality attributes in the food process industries. In this study, the texture properties of pomegranate fruit and arils (cv. “Ashraf”) at four different stage of maturity (88, 109, 124, and 143 days after full bloom) were evaluated using the puncture test (rupture force and rupture energy) and compression test (bioyield force, rupture energy, and young modulus). The tests showed that all studied textural parameters were sensitive textural parameters for distinguishing the maturity stages. Rupture force and rupture energy of pomegranate fruit were determined at top, middle, and bottom positions of the fruit. The results showed that compression load values of aril increased with advances in maturity stage of fruit, while puncture load values of fruit decreased. The textural properties of pomegranate fruit and arils exhibited a strong dependence (p < .05) on the degree of maturity at harvesting time. Also results showed that rupture force of three different studied positions of fruit was severely different. The highest and lowest values were observed at top and middle position, respectively.