bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Challenges and Laboratory Considerations for Pediatric Sepsis
Authors: Patel Khushbu , McElvania Erin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundSepsis is a leading cause of death for children in the US and worldwide. There is a lack of consensus how sepsis is clinically defined, and sepsis definitions and diagnostic guidelines for the pediatric population have remained unchanged for more than a decade now. Current pediatric definitions are largely based on adult guidelines and expert opinion rather than evidence based on outcomes in the pediatric populations. Without a clear definition of sepsis, it is challenging to evaluate the performance of new laboratory tests on the diagnosis and management of sepsis.ContentThis review provides an overview of common etiologies of sepsis in pediatric populations, challenges in defining and diagnosing pediatric sepsis, and current laboratory tests used to identify and monitor sepsis. Strengths and limitations of emerging diagnostic strategies will also be discussed.SummaryCurrently there is no single biomarker that can accurately diagnose or predict sepsis. Current biomarkers such as C-reactive protein and lactate are neither sensitive nor specific for diagnosing sepsis. New biomarkers and rapid pathogen identification assays are much needed. Procalcitonin, although having some limitations, has emerged as a biomarker with demonstrated utility in management of sepsis in adults. Parallel studies analyzing the utility of procalcitonin in pediatric populations are lagging but have shown potential to affect sepsis care in pediatric populations. Multibiomarker approaches and stepwise algorithms show promise in the management of pediatric sepsis. However, a major hurdle is the lack of validated clinical criteria for classification of pediatric sepsis, which is necessary for the development of well-designed studies that can assess the clinical impact of these emerging biomarkers.
Advances in Rapid Molecular Blood Culture Diagnostics: Healthcare Impact, Laboratory Implications, and Multiplex Technologies
Authors: She Rosemary C , Bender Jeffrey M 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
For far too long, the diagnosis of bloodstream infections has relied on time-consuming blood cultures coupled with traditional organism identification and susceptibility testing. Technologies to define the culprit in bloodstream infections have gained sophistication in recent years, notably by application of molecular methods.

Content
In this review, we summarize the tests available to clinical laboratories for molecular rapid identification and resistance marker detection in blood culture bottles that have flagged positive. We explore the cost–benefit ratio of such assays, covering aspects that include performance characteristics, effect on patient care, and relevance to antibiotic stewardship initiatives.

Summary
Rapid blood culture diagnostics represent an advance in the care of patients with bloodstream infections, particularly those infected with resistant organisms. These diagnostics are relatively easy to implement and appear to have a positive cost–benefit balance, particularly when fully incorporated into a hospital's antimicrobial stewardship program.
From outside to inside: Understanding socially engaged art through curatorial practices
Authors: Lu Sipei 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This article focuses on a specific area in the life-cycle of socially engaged art in mainland China – the point at which socially engaged art that takes place outside of art institutions enters into the institutional arena. Through two case studies and using field research, this study scrutinizes the complexities of the relationship between socially engaged art and art institutions, including the dimensions of ethics, aesthetics and curatorial responsibility, and their implications for understanding the process and efficacy of socially engaged art.
Socially engaged art and the affects of Chinese rural community: A case study of ‘Someone Nearby’
Authors: Zhou Yanhua 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This article examines Yangdeng Cooperatives, a socially engaged art project in the rural area of Guizhou Province, Southwest of China (2012–present) with a special focus on an artwork named ‘Someone Nearby’ (2016). The work is created by a young artist Zhang Chao, also a member of Yangdeng Cooperatives. Zhang uses his Wechat, a digital chatting App popular in mainland China, to set up a dialogical system between the artist and the local residents in Yangdeng Township in order to explore local residents’ daily life in detail. By using contemporary affect theory, with a special focus on Lauren Berlant’s (2011) discussions of ‘cruel optimism’, I investigate how a socially engaged art project in the rural area of China reveals local residents’ daily life dilemma. Moreover, I attempt to explore how this dilemma is operated by the affective apparatus of Yangdeng society, which is driven by the cruel optimism related to people’s attachments to their good-life fantasy under the precarious condition of China’s urbanization. I argue that ‘cruel optimism’ is the everyday affects of the local residents which is used to deal with the ordinary crisis that they are encountering every day, and Zhang Chao’s work examines the ‘cruel optimism’, the product of the affective apparatus of Yangdeng society, through its social engagements.
The Samuel Graham Institute junior high school: rites of passage / O curso secundário ginasial do Instituto Samuel Graham: ritos de passagem
Authors: Dias Kamila Gusatti , Paes Ademilson Batista 
Published: November 2018

Essa comunicação tem como meta abordar aspectos que possam ajudar a descortinar as práticas escolares vivenciadas no Instituto Samuel Graham, uma instituição fundada em 1942, no município de Jataí, Goiás, em especial as relativas ao ensino secundário – ginásio, a fim de analisar como o curso ginasial foi implantado, explicitando traços gerais de sua organização, os sujeitos que participaram desse segmento de ensino, o currículo, os exames admissionais e a avaliação. Dessa maneira, optou-se pela pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho documental, ancorada na análise de fontes que delinearam a pesquisa histórica. Palavras-chave: Ensino Secundário, Jataí, Goiás. AbstractThis paper aims to study the aspects that may help us to discover the scholastic practices experienced at the Samuel Graham Institute, an institution founded in 1942, in the city of Jataí, Goiás. Our main goal is to analyse how the junior course was implemented, explaining the general organization of the subjects that participated in this segment of education; the curriculum; the admission exams and the evaluation. Thus, we opted for the qualitative research, of documental approach, anchored in the analysis of sources that delineated the historical research.Keywords: Secondary Education. Jataí. Goiás. ResumenEsta comunicación tiene como objetivo abordar aspectos que pueden ayudar a descortinar las prácticas escolares relativas a la enseñanza secundaria, vivenciadas en el Instituto Samuel Graham, una institución fundada en el año 1942, en el municipio de Jataí, Goiás. Se analizó el proceso de implementación de la escuela, explicitando explicitando las características generales de su organización, los sujetos que participaron de este segmento de enseñanza, el currículo, los exámenes admisionales y los procesos de evaluación utilizados. Por lo tanto, se optó por la investigación cualitativa, sobre todo en pruebas documentales, anclado en el análisis de las fuentes que describen la investigación histórica.Palabras clave: Enseñanza Secundaria; Jataí. Goiás.
Os confins paulistas na Revolução Constitucionalista de 1932: uma análise do bandeirantismo na região da Alta Araraquarense
Authors: Campos Raquel Discini de 
Published: November 2018

O artigo discute a reconstrução sucedida nas primeiras décadas do século XX, na região Noroeste Paulista, também conhecida como Alta Araraquarense, da mitologia em torno da figura do bandeirante. Parte das pesquisas realizadas pelo geógrafo Pierre Monbeig e pela socióloga Maria Isaura Pereira de Queiroz para tratar, por intermédio da análise da imprensa local, da ressignificação de antigas simbologias bandeirantes naquelas plagas, num período de franca expansão territorial e capitalista. Apresenta informações sobre os usos dados às instituições escolares ao longo da Revolução Constitucionalista de 1932, ápice do que se convencionou nomear como epopea bandeirante, além de discutir algumas práticas e representações dos sujeitos escolares envolvidos no conflito.Palavras-chave: Noroeste Paulista; Bandeirantismo; História da Educação Regional AbstractThis article discusses the successful reconstruction in the first decades of the 20th century, in the northwest of Sao Paulo, of the mythology around the figure of the scout (bandeirante). Part of the researches carried by the geographer Pierre Monbeig and by the sociologist Maria Isaura Pereira de Queiroz to treat, through the local press, the reframing of old bandeirantes´ symbologies of those regions, in a period of great territorial expansion and capitalist. It also presents information about the use given to school institutions throughout the Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932, pinnacle of what was called as bandeirante epic, discussing as well the practices of the school subjects involved in the conflict.Keywords: Norwest of Sao Paulo; Bandeirantismo; Regional Education History. ResumenEste artículo discute la reconstrucción pasada en las primeras décadas del siglo XX, en la región Noroeste Paulista, también conocida como Alta Araraquarense, de la alegoría en torno a la figura del bandeirante. Parte de las pesquisas realizadas por el geógrafo Pierre Monbeig y por la socióloga Maria Isaura Pereira de Queiroz para abordar, por intermedio del análisis de la prensa local, la re significación de antiguas simbologías coloniales en aquellas regiones, en un periodo de libre expansión territorial y capitalista. Presenta informaciones acerca de los usos dados a las instituciones estudiantes a lo largo de la Revolución Constitucionalista de 1932, apogeo de lo que se ajustó nombrar como epopeya pionera, además de discutir algunas prácticas y representaciones de los sujetos estudiantes envueltos en el conflicto.Palabras-clave: Noroeste Paulista; Bandeirantismo; Historia de la Educación Regional.
História e Historiografia da Educação Física: concepções e métodos de pesquisa
Authors: Granja Ycaro Oliveira do , Miarka Bianca 
Published: November 2018

Este artigo traz uma discussão sobre as diferentes abordagens e métodos de pesquisas científicas na área de História e Historiografia da Educação Física realizados no Brasil. Para isso, realizou-se a análise de trabalhos publicados em uma base eletrônica de dados, a Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO). A busca foi feita com as palavras-chave e/ou termos específicos indexados: "história" e "historiografia" em combinação com o termo “Educação Física”. Como resultado, foram encontradas 36 publicações, as quais mostraram que no Brasil as pesquisas trazem problemas diacromiais e semelhantes, no que se refere às modificações de métodos de ensino escolar, mudanças políticas e o foco higienista que são desafios associados à sociedade e à cultura nacional. A partir disso, foi possível traçar um panorama com discussão sobre limitações e recomendações para estudos futuros relacionados com história e historiografia da Educação Física.Palavras-chave: História; Historiografia; Educação Física; EducaçãoAbstractThis article shows an important discussion about the different approaches and methods of scientific research in the area of history and historiography of the Physical Education in Brazil. For this, an electronic database was used, the Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO). This search was performed using keywords and specific terms indexed: "History", "historiography" in combination with the term Physical Education. As the result, a total of 36 articles were found, which show that, in Brazil, the studies show diacromial problems which refer to the teaching methods, political changes and the hygienist focus challenges associated with society and the national culture. From this, it was possible to draw a design with discussions about limitations, recommendations for future studies related to Physical Education history and historiography.Key-words: History; Historiography; Physical Education; Education ResumenEste artículo muestra una discusión sobre los diferentes enfoques y métodos de investigación científica en el área de Historia y Historiografía de la Educación Física realizados en Brasil. Para ello, se realizó el análisis de trabajos publicados en una base electrónica de datos, la Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO). La búsqueda se hizo con las palabras clave y / o términos específicos indexados: "historia" y "historiografía" en combinación con el término "Educación Física". Como resultado, se encontraron 36 publicaciones, las cuales mostraron que en Brasil las investigaciones traen problemas diacromiales y similares, en lo que se refiere a las modificaciones de métodos de enseñanza escolar, cambios políticos y el foco higienista que son desafíos asociados a la sociedad ya la cultura nacional . A partir de eso, fue posible trazar un panorama con discusión sobre limitaciones y recomendaciones para estudios futuros relacionados con historia e historiografía de la Educación Física.Palabras-clave: Historia; la historiografía; Educación Física; educación
Effect of designed nursing instructions on knowledge and self-care behavior among patients with chemotherapy induced neutropenia
Authors: Sayed Abd-Almageed Asmaa , . . 
Published: November 2018

Background:Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) is the main dose limiting toxicity of systemic chemotherapy and it is associated with significant morbidity, mortality and treatment cost.Aim:Of the study was to evaluate effect of designed nursing instructions on knowledge and self-care behavior among patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.Research design: Pre-post research design was utilized.Setting: The study was conducted at internal Medical Oncology Department at South Egypt Cancer Institute.Sample: Sixty adult patients with chemotherapy induced neutropenia. Tools of data collection: Tool (I): Patient assessment sheet, Tool (II): Self-care behavior assessment.Results: There was a highly statistically significant difference between pre and post applying of designed nursing instructions as regard patients' level of knowledge and self- care behavior of the studied patients (p<0.01).Conclusion: The designed nursing instructions improved knowledge and self-care behavior among patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.Recommendation: Each neutropenic patient should be given a booklet including knowledge about neutropenia, importance, and how to practice standards self-care behavior. Education of patients and families are keys to prompt recognition about potentially life-threatening symptoms associated with neutropenia.Â Â
A telescope for LISA – the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
Authors: Escudero Sanz Isabel , Heske Astrid , Livas Jeffrey C. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Gravitational waves are a prediction of Einstein’s general relativity theory. In autumn 2017, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO; https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/) experiment reported the first detection of gravitational waves in addition to electromagnetic radiation from the collision of two neutron stars. This marks the first time that a cosmic event has been viewed in both gravitational waves and light and opens the door to a new type of astronomical observatory based on gravitational waves. The gravitational wave spectrum covers a broad span of frequencies and requires both space- and ground-based observatories to cover the full range. Space-based gravitational wave observatories, such as the proposed Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), operate at frequencies between 0.1 mHz and 1 Hz and complement the frequency range of 30–1000 Hz accessible by ground-based gravitational wave observatories, such as LIGO. A rich array of high-energy astrophysical sources is expected in the LISA measurement band. LISA was selected in 2017 as the third large mission of the Cosmic Vision program of the European Space Agency. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration will collaborate on both the scientific and technical aspects of this mission. This paper addresses the design of the optical telescope as an essential component of LISA’s long-distance interferometric measurement system.
Core-Periphery Relations in the Eurozone
Authors: De Grauwe Paul , Ji Yuemei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe argue that the case for the existence of some deterministic force that condemns countries in the periphery to stay in the periphery indefinitely, is weak. Countries that are in the periphery today can become part of the core and vice versa. We also argue that the long run success of the Eurozone depends on a continuing process of political unification. Political unification is needed because the Eurozone has dramatically weakened the power and legitimacy of nation states without creating a nation at the European level. This is particularly true in the field of stabilization. The political willingness to go in this direction, however, is non-existent today. There is no willingness to provide a common insurance mechanism that would put taxpayers in one country at risk of having to transfer money to other countries. Under those conditions the sovereign bond markets in the Eurozone will continue to be prone to instability.
Binding as agree and index raising: The case of Polish accusative object experiencers
Authors: Witkoś Jacek , Dziubała-Szrejbrowska Dominika , Łęska Paulina 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper aims to account for peculiar binding properties of non-nominative arguments of Polish psychological predicates focusing on accusative Object Experiencers (hence, OE). It has been observed that although Polish anaphors are subject oriented, they can be bound by accusative experiencers (Bondaruk and Szymanek 2007; Tajsner 2008; Wiland 2016). At the same time, these arguments, unlike nominative subjects, are also proper antecedents for both reflexive and pronominal possessives. This mixed behaviour poses a puzzle for the traditional formulation of Binding Theory (Chomsky 1981, 1986; Manzini and Wexler 1987; Rappaport 1986; Willim 1986/1989; Reinders-Machowska 1991), which assumes complementarity between anaphors and pronominals in their local domains and plainly states that the subject is the privileged binder in Slavic. We base our analysis on a number of recent proposals, including Hicks (2009), Safir (2014) and Nikolaeva (2014), following Hestvik (1992). The proposal implements the concept of binding as (upward) Agree as well as Index Raising (IR), where the head of the anaphoric/pronominal element (henceforth the index) is (covertly) moved and adjoined to v or T. Lexicalisation and distribution of anaphoric and pronominal elements is determined by two factors: the movement of the index and the case position of the binder.
A note on lexicalizing ‘what’ and ‘who’ in Russian and in Polish
Authors: Wiland Bartosz 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe contrast between the Russiančtoand the Polishco‘what’ is syntactic and reflects the way in which an identical sequence of features in the syntactic representation becomes realized as morphology. Specifically, I argue that this scenario follows from a spell-out mechanism outlined in Starke (2018), where prefix formation, as in the Russian tri-morphemicčt-obut not in the Polish bi-morphemicc-o, takes place in order to spell out a feature which cannot be spelled out in the mainline derivation. Next, I explore a possibility that the wh-prefix inkto‘who’, the same form in Russian and Polish, merges with a syntactically different stem than the one present in the lexical items for ‘what’, a scenario more transparently visible on the example of Englishwh-atandwh-o.
Cardinal numerals and complex numerals as specifiers
Authors: Witkoś Jacek , Dziubała-Szrejbrowska Dominika 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe goal of this study is to argue for a more widespread application of a uniform representation of Numeral Noun Constructions (NNCs) which captures both patterns with higher numerals (≥5, NumH) agreeing in case with the modified noun (case matching pattern) or bearing a distinct case from a noun (case independence pattern) in Polish and in other languages. Our account draws on the analysis of cardinal numerals in Bailyn (2004) in which both agreeing and non-agreeing numerals are placed within the projection (QP) of the functional head FQ, but contrary to Bailyn (2004), it advocates a predominant cardinal-as-specifier representation of NNCc and complex NNCs in Polish, a language whose numeral/quantificational system is fairly challenging. We propose that many cases discussed in Bošković (2006), Ionin and Matushansky (2006), Kayne (2010), Danon (2012), Norris (2014) and Willim (2015) may have a uniform representation. In short, both the case matching and the case independence patterns are represented as equivalent to the cardinal-as-specifier representation. This serves to preserve derivational and structure building transparency and avoids the issue of look-ahead and the No Tampering ban (Chomsky 2000, 2001; Stepanov 2001, 2007). In the spirit of Burzio’s (1986) Generalization we submit that the case valuation capacity of FQ is conditioned directly by an independent case (feature) of NumP occupying FQ’s specifier position. Our proposal receives further support from recent work on the structure of complex numerals in Di Sciullo (2015, 2017) and Kayne (2016), where their component parts are combined in asymmetric structures involving silent functional projections.
Effects of Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles and Fly Ash on Mechanical and Permeability Properties of Concrete
Authors: Nejad Fereidoon Moghadas , Tolouei Morteza , Nazari Hossein , Naderan Ali 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The use of additives to supplement or replace cement in concrete is a well-studied topic. The use of fibers, polymers, minerals, and even nanomaterials has been considered for improving concrete properties such as permeability and strength, and these issues are constantly under investigation. In this study, the mechanical properties and permeability of concrete containing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles and fly ash are investigated. For this purpose, concrete specimens with different proportions of nanoparticles and fly ash were prepared and aged for 7 days and 28 days to investigate the mechanical properties via compressive strength tests, tensile strength tests, and flexural strength tests under three-point loading and also to study the permeability properties via full water absorption tests and the testing of penetration depth under water pressure. To determine the distribution of nanoparticles and their size and microstructure, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed. The results show the positive effect of CaCO3 nanoparticles in filling concrete pores, which leads to increased strength and reduced permeability. In general, the SEM images and EDS and XRD analyses showed that there was a good correlation between the materials used in the concrete and also that the nanoparticles were appropriately distributed in the concrete samples.