bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First‐trimester and combined first‐ and second‐trimester prediction of small‐for‐gestational age and late fetal growth restriction
Authors: Sotiriadis A. , Figueras F. , Eleftheriades M. , Papaioannou G. K. , Chorozoglou G. , Dinas K. , Papantoniou N. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo develop a first‐trimester or combined first‐ and second‐trimester screening algorithm for the prediction of small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) and late fetal growth restriction (FGR).MethodsThis was a retrospective study of women with singleton pregnancy, who underwent routine first‐, second‐ and third‐trimester ultrasound assessment. Late FGR was defined, at ≥ 32 weeks' gestation in the absence of congenital anomalies, as either (i) estimated fetal weight (EFW) or birth weight (BW) < 3rd centile, or (ii) EFW < 10th centile and either uterine artery mean pulsatility index (UtA‐PI) > 95th centile or cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) < 5th centile. Neonates with BW < 10th centile, regardless of prenatal parameters, were defined as SGA. The predictive effectiveness of maternal and first‐ and second‐trimester factors was tested using logistic regression and receiver–operating characteristics curve analyses.ResultsA total of 3520 fetuses were included (late FGR, n = 109 (3.1%); SGA, n = 292 (8.3%)). Of the late FGR cases, 56 (1.6%) fulfilled the antenatal criteria (EFW < 3rd centile or EFW < 10th centile plus abnormal UtA‐PI or CPR) and were defined as prenatally detected late FGR. A first‐trimester screening model (comprising conception method, smoking status, maternal height, pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) and UtA‐PI) could predict 50.0% of the prenatally diagnosed and 36.7% of the overall late FGR fetuses for a 10% false‐positive rate (FPR). A model combining first‐ and second‐trimester screening parameters (conception method, smoking status, PAPP‐A, second‐ trimester EFW, head circumference/abdominal circumference ratio and UtA‐PI) could predict 78.6% of the prenatally detected, and 59.6% of the overall late FGR fetuses, for a 10% FPR (area under the curve 0.901 (95% CI, 0.856–0.947) and 0.855 (95% CI, 0.818–0.891), respectively). The prediction of SGA was suboptimal for both first‐trimester and combined screening.ConclusionsA simple model combining maternal and first‐ and second‐trimester predictors can detect 60% of fetuses that will develop late FGR, and 79% of those fetuses that will be classified prenatally as late FGR, for a 10% FPR. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Flight dynamic coupling analysis of a bio-inspired elastic-wing aircraft
Authors: Zhang S. , Wang Z. , Wu Y. , Yu Y. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIt is a challenge for small, fixed-wing aerial vehicles to maintain flight stability under gusts. Inspired by the geometric features and the structural dynamic characteristics of the gliding bird wing, an elastic wing with similar characteristics was designed and optimised for use as part of unmanned aerial vehicle. A flight dynamic model, which includes the coupling of the longitudinal flight modes and the aeroelastic modes of the flexible wing, was built to analyse the mechanisms of specific coupling for the structural characteristics of the wing design, and how these specific couplings affect flight dynamics. The results showed that the bio-inspired elastic wing effectively allows alleviation of the gust response of the prototype through coupling effects of the short period and the first aeroelastic mode, even with a considerable frequency gap. These effects become more significant when the airspeed becomes larger. The conclusions of this research can facilitate further development of bird-sized unmanned aerial vehicles to extend their applications and make these vehicles more adaptive for flight in complex atmospheric environments.
Beyond the limits - ECPR in putative fatal circumstances
Authors: Graeff Ingo , Schacher Sylvia , Lenkeit Stefan , Widmann Catherine N. , Schewe Jens-Christian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe eligibility criteria for applying extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) in patients with cardiac arrest are currently unclear. For those patients with hypothermic cardiac arrest, the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) Guidelines recommend considering ECPR only for patients with potassium <8 mmol/L and a body temperature below 32°C, whereas the American Heart Association Guidelines (AHA) do not express this in a specific manner.We report the case of an urban unwitnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patient found with her head immersed in water at a temperature of 23°C. The patient presented an unclear history and a dire combination of clinical and laboratory parameters (asystole, arterial blood gas: pH 6.8, potassium 8.3 mmol/L, lactate 16.0 mmol/L). Despite these poor prognostic indicators, ECPR was initiated after 95 minutes of CPR and the patient survived with a good neurological outcome.This case highlights the uncertainty in ECPR eligibility and prognostication, especially in those with hypothermia and water immersion for whom aggressive therapies may be warranted. Further data and improved strategies are required to delineate candidacy for this resource-intensive procedure better.
CAN THE LOTTERY PARADOX BE SOLVED BY IDENTIFYING EPISTEMIC JUSTIFICATION WITH EPISTEMIC PERMISSIBILITY?
Authors: Kiesewetter Benjamin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThomas Kroedel argues that the lottery paradox can be solved by identifying epistemic justification with epistemic permissibility rather than epistemic obligation. According to hispermissibility solution, we are permitted to believe of each lottery ticket that it will lose, but since permissions do not agglomerate, it does not follow that we are permitted to have all of these beliefs together, and therefore it also does not follow that we are permitted to believe that all tickets will lose. I present two objections to this solution. First, even if justification itself amounts to no more than epistemic permissibility, the lottery paradox recurs at the level of doxastic obligations unless one adopts an extremely permissive view about suspension of belief that is in tension with our practice of doxastic criticism. Second, even if there are no obligations to believe lottery propositions, the permissibility solution fails because epistemic permissions typically agglomerate, and the lottery case provides no exception to this rule.
FROM TRAITOR TO MARTYR: DRAWING LESSONS FROM THE DEATH AND BURIAL OF WANG JINGWEI, 1944
Authors: Taylor Jeremy E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBased on recently reopened files and publications in Nanjing, as well as published and newsreel accounts from the 1940s, this paper represents the first scholarly analysis of the rituals surrounding the death and burial of Wang Jingwei in Japanese-occupied China. Rather than locating this analysis purely in the literature on the history of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–45), however, this paper asks what Wang Jingwei's Re-organized National Government might tell us about personality cults in the political culture of modern China. While Wang's burial drew heavily on the precedent of Sun Yat-sen's funerals of the 1920s, it also presaged later spectacles of public mourning and posthumous commemoration, such as Chiang Kai-shek's funeral in 1975 in Taipei. In focusing on this one specific event in the life of a “puppet government,” this paper hopes to reignite scholarly interest in the study of “dead leaders” and their posthumous lives in modern Chinese history more generally.
Ethics and Internationalism in Japanese Education, 1933–45
Authors: ABEL JESSAMYN R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAfter their government's 1933 withdrawal from the League of Nations, Japanese internationalists searched for new ways to engage with the world or struggled to accommodate their advocacy of international cooperation to the realities of the wartime empire. The idea of international morality was central to this effort. Ethics textbooks, which presented ideals of international behaviour, provide a particular view of this intellectual and policy endeavour of the 1930s and early 1940s, showing how the concept of morality became a means to reconcile internationalism with imperialism and war. Echoing many of the ideas current in both public discussion and behind-closed-doors decision-making on foreign policy at the time, textbook authors and other educators contributed to a broader redefinition of internationalism that enabled it to persist through a period of imperialism and war.
Policy Boostering the Social Impact Investment Market in the UK
Authors: WIGGAN JAY 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUnder the Conservative-Liberal Coalition Government and the Conservative Government that took office in 2015, policy measures were introduced to develop a Social Impact Investment Market that harnesses private finance to invest in services to achieve social and financial outcomes. This nascent market is of growing interest amongst social scientists (Bryan and Rafferty, 2014; Whitfield, 2015; McHugh et al., 2013; Dowling, 2017; Edmiston and Nicholls, 2017), but little attention has been given to interrogating related UK Government discourse. The originality of this paper is its contribution to addressing this ‘discourse gap’; enhancing our understanding of the development and representation of impact investment in the UK. Using Hyatt's (2013a) Critical Policy Discourse Analysis Framework, a rigorous critical examination of UK Coalition and Conservative Government impact investment discourse between 2011 and 2016 is undertaken. The significance of this work lies in its contextualisation and deconstruction of UK Government texts to identify and unpack how distinct rationales, justifications and legitimations draw on and (re)produce a Broken Britain-Big Society narrative (Wiggan, 2011; Dowling and Harvie, 2014; Smith and Jones, 2015) to ‘policy booster’ financialised reconfiguration of the welfare state as the route to a better society.
Social Transfers and Child Poverty in European Countries: Pro-poor Targeting or Pro-child Targeting?
Authors: BÁRCENA-MARTÍN ELENA , BLANCO-ARANA M. CARMEN , PÉREZ-MORENO SALVADOR 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChildren are generally at a higher risk of poverty than the population as a whole, although the mechanisms that lead to their socio-economic vulnerability vary widely across European countries. This paper aims to further our understanding of to what extent cross-country variations in child poverty risk are associated with different ways of social transfer targeting: pro-poor versus pro-child targeting. In particular, we address the potential impact on child poverty of countries’ intent to target transfers at lower incomes and children across 30 European countries. Using a multilevel framework, we find that not only the size of the transfer system, but also the form of targeting matters in reducing child poverty. Specifically, the countries’ intent to target children matters even more than their intent to target lower incomes, in terms of reducing child poverty. Moreover, the prevalence of multi-generational households in a country seems to be associated with an attempt to protect against child poverty in countries with lower levels of pro-child targeting.
Towards an understanding of ramified extensions of structured ring spectra
Authors: DUNDAS BJØRN IAN , LINDENSTRAUSS AYELET , RICHTER BIRGIT 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe propose topological Hochschild homology as a tool for measuring ramification of maps of structured ring spectra. We determine second order topological Hochschild homology of the p-local integers. For the tamely ramified extension of the map from the connective Adams summand to p-local complex topological K-theory we determine the relative topological Hochschild homology and show that it detects the tame ramification of this extension. We show that the complexification map from connective topological real to complex K-theory shows features of a wildly ramified extension. We also determine relative topological Hochschild homology for some quotient maps with commutative quotients.
Age-related and photoperiodic variation of theDAZgene family in the testis of the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
Authors: González Candela Rocío , Moverer Luciana , Calandra Ricardo Saúl , González-Calvar Silvia Inés , Vitullo Alfredo Daniel 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTheDeleted inAZoospermia (DAZ) gene family regulates the development, maturation and maintenance of germ cells and spermatogenesis in mammals. TheDAZfamily consists of two autosomal genes,BouleandDazl(Daz-like), and theDazgene on chromosome Y. The aim of this study was to analyze the localization of DAZL and BOULE during testicular ontogeny of the seasonal-breeding Syrian hamster,Mesocricetus auratus. We also evaluated the testicular expression ofDAZfamily genes under short- or long-photoperiod conditions. In the pre-pubertal and adult testis, DAZL protein was found mainly in spermatogonia. BOULE was found in the spermatogonia from 20 days of age and during the pre-pubertal and adult period it was also detected in spermatocytes and round spermatids. DAZL and BOULE expression in spermatogonia was strictly nuclear only in 20-day-old hamsters. We also detected the novel mRNA and protein expression of BOULE in Leydig cells. In adult hamsters,Dazlexpression was increased in regressed testis compared with non-regressed testis and DAZL protein expression was restricted to primary spermatocytes in regressed testis. These results show that DAZL and BOULE are expressed in spermatogonia at early stages in the Syrian hamster, then both proteins translocate to the cytoplasm when meiosis starts. In the adult regressed testis, the absence of DAZL in spermatogonia might be related to the decrease in germ cell number, suggesting that DAZ gene family expression is involved in changes in seminiferous epithelium during photoregression.
Investigator Characteristics and Respondent Behavior in Online Surveys
Authors: White Ariel , Strezhnev Anton , Lucas Christopher , Kruszewska Dominika , Huff Connor 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPrior research demonstrates that responses to surveys can vary depending on the race, gender, or ethnicity of the investigator asking the question. We build upon this research by empirically testing how information about researcher identity inonline surveysaffects subject responses. We do so by conducting an experiment on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk in which we vary the name of the researcher in the advertisement for the experiment and on the informed consent page in order to cue different racial and gender identities. We fail to reject the null hypothesis that there is no difference in how respondents answer questions when assigned to a putatively black/white or male/female researcher.
Assessing Self-Efficacy for Self-Regulation of Academic	Writing
Authors: Golombek Christiane , Klingsieck Katrin B. , Scharlau Ingrid 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Academic writing is a complex and demanding activity that plays an important role in self-regulated learning settings within higher education. Self-efficacy and self-regulation are crucial factors for success and failure in academic writing. Because of the lack of adequate instruments, assessment of these factors is still limited. This paper introduces a scale for the assessment of self-efficacy for self-regulation of academic writing (SSAW). We deductively developed the SSAW scale and then conducted three studies in order to test and validate the scale. The first study ( N = 121) resulted in a brief scale with good psychometric properties. The second study ( N = 660) showed the scale’s factorial validity. The third study ( N = 188) provided evidence for the convergent validity of the SSAW scale. In sum, these studies yield a reliable, valid, and economic scale. The results are discussed with regard to the usefulness of the SSAW scale for research and practice in higher education.
De novo reconstruction of human adipose transcriptome reveals conserved lncRNAs as regulators of brown adipogenesis
Authors: Ding Chunming , Lim Yen Ching , Chia Sook Yoong , Walet Arcinas Camille Esther , Xu Shaohai , Lo Kinyui Alice , Zhao Yanling , Zhu Dewen , Shan Zhihui , Chen Qingfeng , Leow Melvin Khee-Shing , Xu Dan , Sun Lei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObesity has emerged as an alarming health crisis due to its association with metabolic risk factors such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Recent work has demonstrated the multifaceted roles of lncRNAs in regulating mouse adipose development, but their implication in human adipocytes remains largely unknown. Here we present a catalog of 3149 adipose active lncRNAs, of which 909 are specifically detected in brown adipose tissue (BAT) by performing deep RNA-seq on adult subcutaneous, omental white adipose tissue and fetal BATs. A total of 169 conserved human lncRNAs show positive correlation with their nearby mRNAs, and knockdown assay supports a role of lncRNAs in regulating their nearby mRNAs. The knockdown of one of those, lnc-dPrdm16, impairs brown adipocyte differentiation in vitro and a significant reduction of BAT-selective markers in in vivo. Together, our work provides a comprehensive human adipose catalog built from diverse fat depots and establishes a roadmap to facilitate the discovery of functional lncRNAs in adipocyte development.
In situ X-ray scattering observation of two-dimensional interfacial colloidal crystallization
Authors: Wu Longlong , Wang Xiao , Wang Geng , Chen Gang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCharged colloids at interfaces hold such a simple configuration that their interactions are supposed to be fully elucidated in the framework of classical electrostatics, yet the mysterious existence of attractive forces between these like-charged particles has puzzled the scientific community for decades. Here, we perform the in situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering study of the dynamic self-assembling process of two-dimensional interfacial colloids. This approach allows simultaneous monitoring of the in-plane structure and ordering and the out-of-plane immersion depth variation. Upon compression, the system undergoes multiple metastable intermediate states before the stable hexagonal close-packed monolayer forms under van der Waals attraction. Remarkably, the immersion depth of colloidal particles is found to increase as the interparticle distance decreases. Numerical simulations demonstrate the interface around a colloid is deformed by the electrostatic force from its neighboring particles, which induces the long-range capillary attraction.
Neuromelanin detection by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and its promise as a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Sulzer David , Cassidy Clifford , Horga Guillermo , Kang Un Jung , Fahn Stanley , Casella Luigi , Pezzoli Gianni , Langley Jason , Hu Xiaoping P. , Zucca Fabio A. , Isaias Ioannis U. , Zecca Luigi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) occurs after pathogenesis is advanced and many substantia nigra (SN) dopamine neurons have already died. Now that therapies to block this neuronal loss are under development, it is imperative that the disease be diagnosed at earlier stages and that the response to therapies is monitored. Recent studies suggest this can be accomplished by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection of neuromelanin (NM), the characteristic pigment of SN dopaminergic, and locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons. NM is an autophagic product synthesized via oxidation of catecholamines and subsequent reactions, and in the SN and LC it increases linearly during normal aging. In PD, however, the pigment is lost when SN and LC neurons die. As shown nearly 25 years ago by Zecca and colleagues, NM’s avid binding of iron provides a paramagnetic source to enable electron and nuclear magnetic resonance detection, and thus a means for safe and noninvasive measure in living human brain. Recent technical improvements now provide a means for MRI to differentiate between PD patients and age-matched healthy controls, and should be able to identify changes in SN NM with age in individuals. We discuss how MRI detects NM and how this approach might be improved. We suggest that MRI of NM can be used to confirm PD diagnosis and monitor disease progression. We recommend that for subjects at risk for PD, and perhaps generally for older people, that MRI sequences performed at regular intervals can provide a pre-clinical means to detect presymptomatic PD.
Dual mTOR/PI3K inhibition limits PI3K-dependent pathways activated upon mTOR inhibition in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Liu Yang , Pejchinovski Martin , Wang Xueqi , Fu Xuebin , Castelletti Deborah , Watnick Terry J. , Arcaro Alexandre , Siwy Justyna , Mullen William , Mischak Harald , Serra Andreas L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the development of kidney cysts leading to kidney failure in adulthood. Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) slows polycystic kidney disease (PKD) progression in animal models, but randomized controlled trials failed to prove efficacy of mTOR inhibitor treatment. Here, we demonstrate that treatment with mTOR inhibitors result in the removal of negative feedback loops and up-regulates pro-proliferative phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt and PI3K-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in rat and mouse PKD models. Dual mTOR/PI3K inhibition with NVP-BEZ235 abrogated these pro-proliferative signals and normalized kidney morphology and function by blocking proliferation and fibrosis. Our findings suggest that multi-target PI3K/mTOR inhibition may represent a potential treatment for ADPKD.
On the nucleus composition during isothermal alloy solidification
Authors: Kang Xun , Zhang Lijun , Sobolev Sergey 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAccurate determination of the nucleus composition during isothermal alloy solidification still represents a great challenge nowadays. In this paper, a kinetic scheme was added to the Hillert-Rettenmayr thermodynamic analysis of the deviation from local equilibrium at migrating phase interfaces. A so-called interface permeability was introduced to account for the unambiguous determination of the energy dissipation of the solute rearrangement at the liquid-solid interface and the driving force for interface movement, from which the nucleus composition can be then evaluated. After benchmark test, a pragmatic nucleation model for solidification was also proposed, and applied in three-dimensional phase-field simulations of nucleation and subsequent dendritic growth during isothermal solidification process in one hypothetic Al-Si alloy. Moreover, the influence of the interface permeability on nucleation rate was fully discussed by exploring its effect on the initial nucleus components and the corresponding nucleation driving force.