bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
We need to talk about coursebooks
Authors: Jordan Geoff , Gray Humphrey 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
General English coursebooks have dominated classroom-based ELT for 40 years. Their legitimacy seems unchallengeable; we can hardly remember a time when things were different, or imagine a time when coursebooks will not be used. And yet, coursebooks make assumptions about language learning that are contradicted by robust SLA research findings; they give teachers and students little say in decisions affecting course content and delivery; and they are influenced by commercial interests which some blame for the increasing commodification of education. This article reviews the case against coursebooks and briefly presents three alternative approaches to ELT. We argue that these alternatives have not been given the exposure they deserve in journals, conferences, and teacher training programmes, and that it is time to engage in more open, critical discussion about the strengths and weaknesses of the ubiquitous coursebook.
Simulating the entire natural course of HIV infection by extending the basic viral dynamics equations to include declining viral clearance
Authors: Petravic Janka , Wilson David P 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe basic model of viral dynamics is a relatively simple set of equations describing the most essential features of the host–pathogen interactions. Coupled with data, it has been used extensively and successfully to reproduce and explain the features of the early acute phase of HIV infection and the effects of antiretroviral treatment, as well as to estimate the lifespan of infected cells, viral growth and clearance rates and predict early outcomes under different circumstances. However, it cannot reproduce the entire natural course of untreated HIV infection consistently with constant parameters. Here we show that it is possible to qualitatively reproduce the whole course of untreated HIV infection within the general framework of the basic model by assuming progressively declining viral clearance coupled with viral load. We discuss the interpretation of this model as proof-of-concept that may inspire further research into the role of viral clearance in HIV infection.
Marine science within a net-zero emission statutory framework
Authors: Turrell W R 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInspired by the growing cries from young climate crisis activists, and noting that net-zero emission legislation is growing in frequency across Europe and globally, this paper briefly discuses some ways in which marine science might respond. Marine science can provide governments support and advice for emission-reducing policies and actions, as well as tackling our own emissions. Supporting government actions will require new and innovative science. While implementing this science, as a community, we can lead by example in bringing about change in the way professionals do business and hence reducing business’s overall carbon footprint. After all, if environmental science cannot change, why should the rest of society?
A Minimal Representation of the Orthosymplectic Lie Supergroup
Authors: Barbier Sigiswald , Frahm Jan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe construct a minimal representation of the orthosymplectic Lie supergroup $OSp(p,q|2n)$ for $p+q$ even, generalizing the Schrödinger model of the minimal representation of $O(p,q)$ to the super case. The underlying Lie algebra representation is realized on functions on the minimal orbit inside the Jordan superalgebra associated with $\mathfrak{osp}(p,q|2n)$, so that our construction is in line with the orbit philosophy. Its annihilator is given by a Joseph-like ideal for $\mathfrak{osp}(p,q|2n)$, and therefore the representation is a natural generalization of a minimal representation to the context of Lie superalgebras. We also calculate its Gelfand–Kirillov dimension and construct a nondegenerate sesquilinear form for which the representation is skew-symmetric and which is the analogue of an $L^2$-inner product in the supercase.
MenAfriNet: A Network Supporting Case-Based Meningitis Surveillance and Vaccine Evaluation in the Meningitis Belt of Africa
Authors: Patel Jaymin C , Soeters Heidi M , Diallo Alpha Oumar , Bicaba Brice W , Kadadé Goumbi , Dembélé Assétou Y , Acyl Mahamat A , Nikiema Christelle , Lingani Clement , Hatcher Cynthia , Acosta Anna M , Thomas Jennifer D , Diomande Fabien , Martin Stacey , Clark Thomas A , Mihigo Richard , Hajjeh Rana A , Zilber Catherine H , Aké Flavien , Mbaeyi Sarah A , Wang Xin , Moisi Jennifer C , Ronveaux Olivier , Mwenda Jason M , Novak Ryan T ,   MenAfriNet Consortium
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Meningococcal meningitis remains a significant public health threat, especially in the African meningitis belt where Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A historically caused large-scale epidemics. With the rollout of a novel meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine (MACV) in the belt, the World Health Organization recommended case-based meningitis surveillance to monitor MACV impact and meningitis epidemiology. In 2014, the MenAfriNet consortium was established to support strategic implementation of case-based meningitis surveillance in 5 key countries: Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger, and Togo. MenAfriNet aimed to develop a high-quality surveillance network using standardized laboratory and data collection protocols, develop sustainable systems for data management and analysis to monitor MACV impact, and leverage the surveillance platform to perform special studies. We describe the MenAfriNet consortium, its history, strategy, implementation, accomplishments, and challenges.
Barcelona Court clarifies level of originality required for an industrial design to obtain cumulative protection under design and copyright law
Authors: Louredo Casado Sara 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Casa OTS Holding, S.L. and others vs. BD Barcelona 1972, S.L. and others, Judgment 764/2019 of the Provincial Court of Barcelona (section 15th), 26 April 2019
This judgment analyses what level of originality is required for the cumulation of industrial design and copyright protection, and the value that expert reports may have in such assessment.
CJEU permits sampling of phonograms under a de minimis rule and the quotation exception
Authors: Justin Jütte Bernd 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
CJEU, Pelham and Others v Hütter and Others, Case C-476/17, EU:C:2019:624, 29 July 2019
The reproduction of small samples does not infringe the right of phonogram producers under Article 2(c) of Directive 2001/29 if the sample is modified and cannot be recognized. Longer and recognizable samples can only benefit from the quotation exception if they—inter alia—enter into a ‘dialogue’ with the original work.
Gravitational wave emission from unstable accretion discs in tidal disruption events
Authors: Toscani Martina , Lodato Giuseppe , Nealon Rebecca 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Gravitational waves can be emitted by accretion discs if they undergo instabilities that generate a time varying mass quadrupole. In this work we investigate the gravitational signal generated by a thick accretion disc of 1 M⊙ around a static supermassive black hole of 106 M⊙, assumed to be formed after the tidal disruption of a solar type star. This torus has been shown to be unstable to a global non-axisymmetric hydrodynamic instability, the Papaloizou–Pringle instability, in the case where it is not already accreting and has a weak magnetic field. We start by deriving analytical estimates of the maximum amplitude of the gravitational wave signal, with the aim to establish its detectability by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Then, we compare these estimates with those obtained through a numerical simulation of the torus, made with a 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics code. Our numerical analysis shows that the measured strain is two orders of magnitude lower than the maximum value obtained analytically. However, accretion discs affected by the Papaloizou–Pringle instability may still be interesting sources for LISA, if we consider discs generated after deeply penetrating tidal disruptions of main-sequence stars of higher mass.
Revised and updated catalogue of the First Byurakan Survey of Late-Type Stars: second edition
Authors: Gigoyan K S , Mickaelian A M , Kostandyan G R 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
A total of 18 lists of the First Byurakan Survey of Late-Type Stars (FBS LTS) were published between 1990 and 2016. The stars were found on FBS low-dispersion spectroscopic plates. A systematic search and selection were carried out on a surface of ∼16 000 deg2 on almost the whole area of the FBS. As a result, the ‘Revised and Updated Catalogue of the First Byurakan Survey of Late-Type Stars’ was generated (FBS LTS v1; 1045 objects). We present the second version of the catalogue of FBS LTS with new data (FBS LTS v2), comprising 1471 objects. It is a homogeneous and complete data base for high-Galactic-latitude, late-type stars, including M and C types. Since 2007, all FBS low-resolution spectral plates have been digitized. All digitized FBS (DFBS) spectral plates have been analysed with FITSView and SAO Image ds9, and numerous relatively faint LTSs have been discovered. We have performed cross-correlations with DFBS, USNO-B1.0, 2MASS, AllWISE, IRAS PSC/FSC, AKARI, ROSAT BSC/FSC, GCVS, SDSS and added updated SIMBAD data. For numerous new detected objects, we present accurate DSS2 positions, approximate spectral subtypes refined from the DFBS low-dispersion spectra, luminosity classes estimated from 2MASS colours, and available proper motions for 1471 FBS LTSs. The Revised and Updated Catalogue v2 lists a large number of completely new objects, which promises to extend very significantly the census of M giants, faint N-type asymptotic giant branch carbon stars, CH-type carbon giants at high Galactic latitudes, and M dwarfs in the Solar vicinity up to 16.0–17.0 mag in the visual. Some important data from Gaia DR2 and supplementary spectra from the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory 2.6-m and LAMOST telescopes are presented.
High-velocity outflows in massive post-starburst galaxies at z > 1
Authors: Maltby David T , Almaini Omar , McLure Ross J , Wild Vivienne , Dunlop James , Rowlands Kate , Hartley William G , Hatch Nina A , Socolovsky Miguel , Wilkinson Aaron , Amorin Ricardo , Bradshaw Emma J , Carnall Adam C , Castellano Marco , Cimatti Andrea , Cresci Giovanni , Cullen Fergus , De Barros Stephane , Fontanot Fabio , Garilli Bianca , Koekemoer Anton M , McLeod Derek J , Pentericci Laura , Talia Margherita 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We investigate the prevalence of galactic-scale outflows in post-starburst (PSB) galaxies at high redshift (1 < z < 1.4), using the deep optical spectra available in the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey (UDS). We use a sample of ∼40 spectroscopically confirmed PSBs, recently identified in the UDS field, and perform a stacking analysis in order to analyse the structure of strong interstellar absorption features such as Mg ii (λ2800 Å). We find that for massive ($M_* \gt 10^{10}\rm \, M_{\odot }$) PSBs at z > 1, there is clear evidence for a strong blue-shifted component to the Mg ii absorption feature, indicative of high-velocity outflows ($v_{\rm out}\sim 1150\pm 160\rm \, km\, s^{-1}$) in the interstellar medium. We conclude that such outflows are typical in massive PSBs at this epoch, and potentially represent the residual signature of a feedback process that quenched these galaxies. Using full spectral fitting, we also obtain a typical stellar velocity dispersion σ* for these PSBs of $\sim 200\rm \, km\, s^{-1}$, which confirms they are intrinsically massive in nature (dynamical mass $M_{\rm d}\sim 10^{11}\rm \, M_{\odot }$). Given that these high-z PSBs are also exceptionally compact (re ∼ 1–$2\rm \, kpc$) and spheroidal (Sérsic index n ∼ 3), we propose that the outflowing winds may have been launched during a recent compaction event (e.g. major merger or disc collapse) that triggered either a centralized starburst or active galactic nuclei (AGN) activity. Finally, we find no evidence for AGN signatures in the optical spectra of these PSBs, suggesting they were either quenched by stellar feedback from the starburst itself, or that if AGN feedback is responsible, the AGN episode that triggered quenching does not linger into the post-starburst phase.
Power spectrum of the flux in the Lyman-alpha forest from high-resolution spectra of 87 QSOs
Authors: Day Aaron , Tytler David , Kambalur Bharat 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We measure and calibrate the power spectrum of the flux in the Ly α forest at 1.8 &lt; z &lt; 4.6 for wavenumbers 0.003 ≤ k ≤ 0.1 s km−1 from the spectra of 87 QSOs obtained with HIRES on the Keck-I telescope. This is the largest sample using high-resolution spectra, yielding the smallest statistical errors, and we have applied calibrations to reduce new systematic errors. We fit Voigt profiles to the damped Ly α absorbers and we remove them. We subtract metal lines statistically based on metal absorption on the red side of the Ly α emission peak. We find that when performing a statistical subtraction of metal lines, a systematic offset due to the blending of metal and hydrogen lines must be taken into account. This offset was not accounted for in previous analyses, and requires up to a $3 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ reduction in the BOSS Ly α forest flux power spectrum, increasing the allowed neutrino mass. For the first time in a Ly α forest power spectrum measurement from high-resolution spectra, we correct for spectral leakage by applying Welch’s window function. Our treatment of metal line removal as well as our elimination of errors due to spectral leakage leads to a more accurate measurement of the Ly α forest power spectrum at the smallest scales. We find evidence that previously published values of the power are systematically too high at scales log k ≥ −1.3 (k ≥ 0.05) s km−1, which implies that the intergalactic medium is hotter than previously deduced from the Ly α forest flux power spectrum.
Expanding Indications for Flow Diverters: Distal Aneurysms, Bifurcation Aneurysms, Small Aneurysms, Previously Coiled Aneurysms and Clipped Aneurysms, and Carotid Cavernous Fistulas
Authors: Limbucci Nicola , Leone Giuseppe , Renieri Leonardo , Nappini Sergio , Cagnazzo Federico , Laiso Antonio , Muto Mario , Mangiafico Salvatore 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Flow diverter devices have gained wide acceptance for the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Most studies are based on the treatment of large aneurysms harboring on the carotid syphon. However, during the last years the “off-label” use of these stents has widely grown up even if not supported by randomized studies. This review examines the relevant literature concerning “off-label” indications for flow diverter devices, such as for distal aneurysms, bifurcation aneurysms, small aneurysms, recurrent aneurysms, and direct carotid cavernous fistulas.
Alcohol Medical Intervention Clinic: A Rapid Access Addiction Medicine Model Reduces Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Corace Kimberly , Willows Melanie , Schubert Nicholas , Overington Louise , Mattingly Sean , Clark Eric , Leduc Nathaniel , Hutton Brian , Hebert Guy 
Published: August 2019

Objectives:Problematic alcohol use accounts for a large proportion of Emergency Department (ED) visits and revisits. We developed the Alcohol Medical Intervention Clinic (AMIC), a Rapid Access Addiction Medicine (RAAM) service, to reduce alcohol-related ED re-utilization and improve care for individuals with alcohol problems. This article describes the AMIC model and reports on an evaluation of its impact on patients and the ED system.Methods:Individuals presenting to The Ottawa Hospital Emergency Departments (TOH-ED) for an alcohol-related issue were referred to AMIC. Using data collected via medical chart review, and also self-report questionnaires, we assessed ED visits, revisits, and changes in alcohol use and mental health symptoms in patients before and after receiving services in AMIC. The incidence of alcohol-related ED visits and re-visits from 12-month periods before and after the introduction of AMIC were compared using data from TOH Data Warehouse. Connections made to additional services and patient satisfaction was also assessed.Results:For patients served by AMIC, from May 26, 2016 to June 30, 2017 (n = 194), there was an 82% reduction in 30-day visits and re-visits (P < 0.001). An 8.1% reduction in total alcohol-related 30-day TOH-ED revisit rates and a 10% reduction in total alcohol-related TOH-ED visits were found. After receiving AMIC services, clients reported reductions in alcohol use, depression, and anxiety (P < 0.001).Conclusions:AMIC demonstrated positive impacts on patients and the healthcare system. AMIC reduced ED utilization, connected people with community services, and built system capacity to serve people with alcohol problems.
Potential Effects of Regionalized Maternity Care on U.S. Hospitals
Authors: Easter Sarah Rae , Robinson Julian N. , Menard M. Kathryn , Creanga Andreea A. , Xu Xinling , Little Sarah E. , Bateman Brian T. 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the current patterns of care for women at high risk for delivery-related morbidity to inform discussions about the feasibility of this regionalized approach.

METHODS:
We performed a cross-sectional study and linked 2014 American Hospital Association survey and State Inpatient Database data from seven representative states. We used American Hospital Association–reported hospital characteristics and State Inpatient Database procedure codes to assign a level of maternal care to each hospital. We then assigned each patient to a minimum required level of maternal care (I–IV) based on maternal comorbidities captured in the State Inpatient Database. Our outcome was delivery at a hospital with an inappropriately low level of maternal care. Comorbidities associated with delivery at an inappropriate hospital were assessed using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS:
The analysis included 845,545 deliveries occurring at 556 hospitals. The majority of women had risk factors appropriate for delivery at level I or II hospitals (85.1% and 12.6%, respectively). A small fraction (2.4%) of women at high risk for maternal morbidity warranted delivery in level III or IV hospitals. The majority (97.6%) of women delivered at a hospital with an appropriate level of maternal care, with only 2.4% of women delivering at a hospital with an inappropriate level of maternal care. However, 43.4% of the 19,988 high-risk patients warranting delivery at level III or IV hospitals delivered at level I or II hospitals. Women with comorbidities likely to benefit from specialized care (eg, maternal cardiac disease, placenta previa with prior uterine surgery) had high rates of delivery at hospitals with an inappropriate level of maternal care (68.2% and 37.7%, respectively).

CONCLUSION:
Though only 2.41% of deliveries occurred at hospitals with an inappropriate level of maternal care, a substantial fraction of women at risk for maternal morbidity delivered at hospitals potentially unequipped with resources to manage their needs. Promoting triage of high-risk patients to hospitals optimized to provide risk-appropriate care may improve maternal outcomes with minimal effect on most deliveries.
Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy and Bariatric Surgery to Improve Endometrial Cancer Survivorship
Authors: Shafa Anousheh , Kumar Amanika , Torres Diogo , McKenzie Travis J. 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND:
Surgery is curative for the majority of early-stage endometrial cancers. Postoperatively, patients are actually at much higher risk of mortality from obesity-related comorbidities unless they have sustained weight loss.

CASE:
A 54-year-old woman with class III obesity, type II diabetes mellitus complicated by neuropathy and retinopathy, hypertension, sleep apnea, and fatty liver disease was diagnosed with grade 1 endometrioid uterine cancer. She underwent dual surgery with laparoscopic bariatric surgery and robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy. The perioperative period was uncomplicated, and final pathology was consistent with a stage IA grade 1 endometrial cancer. In 12 months, the patient lost 41.3 kg and required less insulin, metformin, and antihypertensive medication.

CONCLUSION:
Combined minimally invasive hysterectomy and bariatric surgery for obese women with endometrial cancer can promote sustained weight loss and improve survivorship.
Hormonal Contraception and Vaginal Infections Among Couples Who Are Human Immunodeficiency Virus Serodiscordant in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Haddad Lisa B. , Wall Kristin M. , Tote Katherine , Kilembe William , Vwailika Bellington , Sharkey Tyronza , Brill Ilene , Chomba Elwyn , Tichacek Amanda , Allen Susan 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the relationship between hormonal contraception and vaginal infections with bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis, or trichomoniasis.

METHODS:
Couples who were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serodiscordant in Zambia were enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study. From 1994 to 2002, both partners were seen quarterly and received physical exams including genital examinations. Separate rates for three outcome infections of interest (bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis) were calculated. Bivariate associations between baseline and time-varying covariates and outcome infections of interest were evaluated using unadjusted Anderson-Gill survival models. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were generated using multivariable Anderson-Gill survival models that included demographic and clinical factors associated with both hormonal contraceptive use and each infection of interest.

RESULTS:
There were 1,558 cases of bacterial vaginosis, 1,529 cases of vaginal candidiasis, and 574 cases of trichomoniasis over 2,143 person-years of observation. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) users had significantly lower rates of trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis. In adjusted models, DMPA was protective for bacterial vaginosis (aHR=0.72; 95% CI 0.54–0.95), candidiasis (aHR 0.75, 95% CI 0.57–1.00) and trichomoniasis (aHR=0.43, 95% CI 0.25–0.74). Oral contraceptive pills were protective for candidiasis (aHR=0.79, 95% CI 0.65–0.97).

CONCLUSION:
We confirm that DMPA use was associated with reduced rates of the three most common causes of vaginitis, and oral contraceptive pill use was associated with reduced rates of candidiasis among women in couples who were HIV discordant.