bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Perioperative Antibiotics Necessary During Direct Microlaryngoscopy?
Authors: Yetzke Megan , Heyes Richard , Nakra Natasha , Merea Valeria Silva , Lott David , Clary Matthew S. , Bryson Paul , Verma Sunil P. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives/HypothesisThere are currently no established recommendations for the use of perioperative antibiotics (PAs) to prevent surgical site infections (SSIs) for direct microlaryngoscopy (DML). This study examined the incidence of SSI in patients undergoing DML with and without PAs.Study DesignRetrospective, multi‐institutional chart review.MethodsA retrospective, multi‐institutional chart review was performed at four tertiary referral academic medical centers. Patients undergoing DML from 2010 to 2017 were identified using Current Procedural Terminology codes. Medical records of patients undergoing DML with biopsy, microsurgery, laser ablation, or vocal fold injection who had adequate follow‐up were reviewed. Procedures with significant cartilage destruction, concurrent open surgery, or esophageal surgery were excluded. Data recorded included age, gender, pacemaker history, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, wound class, indication for surgery, use of laser, complications, emergency room visits, hospitalizations, pain, fever, and postoperative steroid and antibiotic prescriptions. Presence or absence of SSIs was evaluated by a fellowship‐trained laryngologist.ResultsThere were 834 patients who met inclusion criteria. Of those, 698 did not receive PAs and 136 received PAs. The median age of patients was 54 years of age in the PA group and 57.5 years of age in the non‐PA group, and all cases were recorded as wound class II. Overall, 58% of surgeries involved use of carbon dioxide or potassium‐titanyl‐phosphate laser. Only one SSI was reported on follow‐up in a patient who did receive PAs.ConclusionsSSIs are exceedingly rare following DML. PA use is not indicated for routine DML.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 128:2838–2843, 2018
Periotic sensory dysfunction via postauricular approach after otitis media surgery
Authors: Yu Huiqian , Wang Dan , Li Qingzhong 
Published: October 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess the somatosensory dysfunction of the auricle and periotic skin in patients undergoing otitis media surgery.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsSymptoms of periotic somatosensory function after surgery were investigated in 100 patients (42 males, 58 females, mean age 41.39 years) who underwent otitis media surgery. Questionnaires on periotic somatosensory disturbance were answered after surgery at least over 1 year postoperatively.ResultsOf 100 tympanoplasties, all patients were completed within a postauricular approach. The highest incidence rates of periotic sensory disturbance were found in the postauricular region (75%), followed by the auricular region (20.83%); lower rates were found in the preauricular region (2.08%) and the earlobe (2.08%). Periotic somatosensory dysfunction occurred in 48 patients (48%). The most prevalent somatosensory abnormality was tactile hypoaesthesia/numbness, evident in 28% of the patients; more remarkable, inferior postauricular region. Periotic pain was reported by 21% of the cases, mostly located in the upper auricle. Compared to the recovery time of tactile hypoaesthesia (7.36 months), patients' periotic somatosensory pain improved significantly within 4.07 months, which has obvious statistical significance (P < 0.01).ConclusionThe likelihood of periotic cutaneous sensory dysfunction should be emphasized to patients undergoing otitis media surgery via postauricular approaches, which occurred in nearly half of patients; the majority recovered within 1 year. Furthermore, the postauricular region is the most vulnerable location to sensory disturbance, followed by the auricular region. Functionally, periotic somatosensory pain was more easily resilient, relative to tactile hypoaesthesia/numbness.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:454–458, 2019
Outpatient versus inpatient parotidectomy: Comparison of postoperative complication rates
Authors: Siddiqui Sana H. , Singh Roshansa , Siddiqui Emaad , Zhao Eric H. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Baredes Soly , Park Richard Chan Woo 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesParotidectomies have become a common outpatient procedure, but their impact on postoperative complications as compared to inpatient procedures has not been evaluated in a multi‐institutional study.Study DesignThe aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the differences in outcomes using a standardized cohort of patients undergoing outpatient or inpatient parotidectomies.MethodsThe National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for parotidectomies between 2005 and 2014. Univariate analyses were conducted to compare the outpatient and inpatient cohorts. A propensity‐matching algorithm was used to ensure equal distribution of demographics and preoperative comorbidities.ResultsAmong the 4,368 parotidectomies examined, 2,915 (66.7%) were outpatient and 1,453 (33.3%) were inpatient. In the unmatched analysis, the inpatient group had higher rates of smokers (P = < 0.001), hypertension (P = 0.003), and disseminated cancer (P = 0.014). The outpatient group had higher rates of patients under age 40 years (P = 0.015), females (P = 0.016), and American Society of Anesthesiology class 1 and 2 (P = < 0.001). The total work relative value units (RVUs) were 17.01 ± 3.44 for the inpatient cohort and 16.19 ± 3.70 for the outpatient cohort (P = < 0.001). Following propensity matching, 1,352 cases were selected for each cohort, with no significant differences in comorbidities. Total work RVU after matching was 16.90 ± 3.47 for the inpatient group and 16.75 ± 3.44 for the outpatient group (P = .235). The matched inpatient cohort had increased rates of surgical complications (3.1% vs. 1.8%, P = 0.033), pneumonia (0.5% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.016), and overall complications (4.5% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.009).ConclusionOutpatient parotidectomies are associated with similar as well as decreased complication rates as compared to inpatient parotidectomies.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:655–661, 2019
Twelve‐month outcomes of Eustachian tube procedures for management of patulous Eustachian tube dysfunction
Authors: Ward Bryan K. , Chao Wei‐Chieh , Abiola Godwin , Kawai Kosuke , Ashry Yehia , Rasooly Tali , Poe Dennis S. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the 12‐month effectiveness of transnasal–transoral endoscopic surgical procedures for eliminating symptoms of patulous Eustachian tube dysfunction (PETD).Study DesignRetrospective chart reviewMethodsPatients with medically refractory PETD underwent one of the following procedures: 1) shim (catheter) insertion, 2) calcium hydroxyapatite injection, 3) patulous Eustachian tube (ET) reconstruction, or 4) obliteration of the ET lumen. Time to recurrence of any PETD symptoms was recorded, and success was determined as complete symptom resolution at 12 months. The frailty model, an extension of the Cox proportional hazards model, was used for the survival analysis.ResultsA total of 241 procedures were performed in 80 patients. Median duration of symptom relief after surgery was 5.0 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.1–15.5 months) and varied by procedure type, ranging from 3.0 months (IQR: 0.7–7.0 months) for calcium hydroxyapatite injection to 20.6 months (3.4–35.9 months) for obliteration. Compared to shim insertion, the risk of 12‐month failure was significantly higher for calcium hydroxyapatite injection (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29, 3.67; P = 0.004) and patulous ET reconstruction (HR = 1.62; 95% CI 1.04, 2.52; P = 0.035). Patients undergoing shim insertion (52.2%) and obliteration (81.8%) were likely to require pressure equalization tubes or to have had otitis media with effusion.ConclusionAlthough all procedures potentially resulted in symptom resolution, placement of a shim or obliteration of the ET lumen was more likely to achieve 12‐month resolution of PETD symptoms and more likely to result in otitis media with effusion than hydroxyapatite injection or patulous ET reconstruction.Level of EvidenceLevel 4 Laryngoscope, 129:222–228, 2019
How design characteristics of tracheostomy tubes affect the cannula and tracheal flows
Authors: Subramaniam Dhananjay Radhakrishnan , Willging J. Paul , Gutmark Ephraim J. , Oren Liran 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to perform computational simulations of airflow within an anatomically accurate model of an adult trachea in different tracheostomy tube designs. We hypothesized that tracheal airflow in patients is significantly influenced by the geometry and size of these devices.MethodsThe three‐dimensional (3D) geometry of the trachea was reconstructed using computed tomography scans for an adult with no history of lung disease. 3D models of four cuffed tube designs, namely Tracoe, Portex, and Shiley Proximal and Distal tracheostomy tubes were generated using geometric modeling software. Transient simulations of airflow in the tube‐airway assembly were performed for each tube using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).ResultsAirflow velocity was higher for the Shiley tubes compared with Portex and Tracoe tubes. For all designs, the largest magnitude of inspiratory airflow turbulence was obtained midway in the trachea. The work of breathing, quantified by the resistance of the tracheostomy tube, was lowest for Tracoe. Maximum airway wall shear stress (WSS), defined as flow‐induced frictional forces, occurred at the same spatial location in all cases. Low inspiratory WSS at the carina and high expiratory airway WSS at the cuff‐airway interface were observed for the Tracoe and Portex tubes.ConclusionOur CFD model offers a promising approach not only for choosing a tracheostomy tube for a patient but for improving existing tracheostomy tube designs.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:1791–1799, 2019
Diverse Odd‐Chain Monoenoic Fatty Acids and Novel Non‐Methylene‐Interrupted Heptadecadienoic Acids in Ovaries of the Limpet Cellana toreuma
Authors: Kawashima Hideki 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHighly diverse dienoic fatty acids (FA), especially non‐methylene‐interrupted (NMI) FA, have been recognized in triacylglycerols (TAG) and polar lipids of ovaries of the limpet Cellana toreuma. To gain additional insights into the structural diversity of FA in ovaries, this study aimed to clarify previously undescribed minor monoenoic FA isomers and unidentified minor NMI FA by combined argentation thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) of their 3‐pyridylcarbinol derivatives. A total 66 monoenoic FA from C14 to C22, including 12 branched‐chain FA, were identified. A surprising finding was a series of 13 heptadecenoic acids with double bonds at either Δ5, Δ6, Δ7, Δ8, Δ9, Δ10, Δ11, Δ12, Δ13, Δ15, or Δ16 positions. Besides previously identified NMI FA, 7,18‐nonadecadienoic (19:2Δ7,18), 9,18‐nonadecadienoic (19:2Δ9,18), 11,18‐nonadecadienoic (19:2Δ11,18), 7,20‐heneicosadienoic (21:2Δ7,20), and 11,20‐heneicosadienoic (21:2Δ11,20) acids, two novel related NMI FA, 5,16‐heptadecadienoic (17:2Δ5,16) and 7,16‐heptadecadienoic (17:2Δ7,16) acids, were found in TAG. These findings could provide new insights into clarifying the biological characteristics of marine NMI FA.
Self‐Assembling Peptide Gels for 3D Prostate Cancer Spheroid Culture
Authors: Hainline Kelly M. , Gu Fangqi , Handley Jacqueline F. , Tian Ye F. , Wu Yaoying , de Wet Larischa , Vander Griend Donald J. , Collier Joel H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractProgress in prostate cancer research is presently limited by a shortage of reliable in vitro model systems. The authors describe a novel self‐assembling peptide, bQ13, which forms nanofibers and gels useful for the 3D culture of prostate cancer spheroids, with improved cytocompatibility compared to related fibrillizing peptides. The mechanical properties of bQ13 gels can be controlled by adjusting peptide concentration, with storage moduli ranging between 1 and 10 kPa. bQ13's ability to remain soluble at mildly basic pH considerably improved the viability of encapsulated cells compared to other self‐assembling nanofiber‐forming peptides. LNCaP cells formed spheroids in bQ13 gels with similar morphologies and sizes to those formed in Matrigel or RADA16‐I. Moreover, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) is produced by LNCaP cells in all matrices, and PSA production is more responsive to enzalutamide treatment in bQ13 gels than in other fibrillized peptide gels. bQ13 represents an attractive platform for further tailoring within 3D cell culture systems.
Microwave Doppler velocity measurement using tapered rectangular waveguide antenna with pattern offset correction
Authors: Zou Jing , Liu Chengguo , Zhang Bin , He Daping , Wu Zhi Peng , Wang Haigang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRectangular waveguide antenna has been often used in velocity measurement based on microwave Doppler principle for its advantages of high directivity, high radiation efficiency, and reliability. In addition to a waveguide antenna with a straight aperture, a tapered waveguide antenna is frequently required in measuring flow velocities in a pipe. In the common sense, the maximum radiation direction is usually taken to be along the axial direction of the waveguide. This is well understood for a conventional straight open‐ended waveguide antenna with an aperture perpendicular the axis of the waveguide. However, for a tapered rectangular waveguide antenna with an aperture at an angle to the axis of the waveguide, there exists an offset from the axial direction for the maximum radiation direction. In this paper, a tapered rectangular waveguide antenna with a tapering angle α is analyzed and studied experimentally. For α =45°, the results show that the maximum radiation has an offset of 25.5° in theory, 25° in simulation and 30° in measurement from the axial direction of the waveguide. The experimental study also shows that when this radiation pattern offset is taken into account, the velocities measured using the microwave Doppler principle agree well with the theoretically calculated free‐fall velocity.
Design of wide band printed monopole antenna for low rate wireless personal area networks
Authors: Upadhyaya Trushit 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA dual‐band printed monopole antenna useful in low‐rate wireless personal area networks (LR‐PAN) and GPS operation for tablet devices is presented. Antenna has monopole strips arranged in planar configuration on substrate suitable to match standard tablet computer display size. The overall antenna dimension is 150 × 50 × 1.6 mm3. The long and short strips of monopole are separated by notch to increase the bandwidth of antenna. The operating impedance bandwidths of 14.97% and 5.09% are obtained across LR‐PAN band and GPS band, respectively. The presented monopole antenna provides significant gain in order of 4.48 dBi for lower resonant mode and 3.26 dBi for higher resonant mode. The antenna covers LR‐WPAN frequency bands of 868.3 MHz, 915/920 MHz, GSM 850, UMTS/LTE 850, 1.57 GHz GPS bands.
A machine learning texture model for classifying lung cancer subtypes using preliminary bronchoscopic findings
Authors: Feng Po‐Hao , Lin Yin‐Tzu , Lo Chung‐Ming 
Published: October 2018

PurposeBronchoscopy is useful in lung cancer detection, but cannot be used to differentiate cancer types. A computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) system was proposed to distinguish malignant cancer types to achieve objective diagnoses.MethodsBronchoscopic images of 12 adenocarcinoma and 10 squamous cell carcinoma patients were collected. The images were transformed from a red–blue–green (RGB) to a hue–saturation–value (HSV) color space to obtain more meaningful color textures. By combining significant textural features (P < 0.05) in a machine learning classifier, a prediction model of malignant types was established.ResultsThe performance of the CAD system achieved an accuracy of 86% (19/22), a sensitivity of 90% (9/10), a specificity of 83% (10/12), a positive predictive value of 82% (9/11), and a negative predictive value of 91% (10/11) in distinguishing lung cancer types. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.82.ConclusionsOn the basis of extracted HSV textures of bronchoscopic images, the CAD system can provide recommendations for clinical diagnoses of lung cancer types.
Multi‐modal synergistic PET and MR reconstruction using mutually weighted quadratic priors
Authors: Mehranian Abolfazl , Belzunce Martin A. , McGinnity Colm J. , Bustin Aurelien , Prieto Claudia , Hammers Alexander , Reader Andrew J. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeTo propose a framework for synergistic reconstruction of PET‐MR and multi‐contrast MR data to improve the image quality obtained from noisy PET data and from undersampled MR data.Theory and MethodsWeighted quadratic priors were devised to preserve common boundaries between PET‐MR images while reducing noise, PET Gibbs ringing, and MR undersampling artifacts. These priors are iteratively reweighted using normalized multi‐modal Gaussian similarity kernels. Synergistic PET‐MR reconstructions were built on the PET maximum a posteriori expectation maximization algorithm and the MR regularized sensitivity encoding method. The proposed approach was compared to conventional methods, total variation, and prior‐image weighted quadratic regularization methods. Comparisons were performed on a simulated [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose‐PET and T1/T2‐weighted MR brain phantom, 2 in vivo T1/T2‐weighted MR brain datasets, and an in vivo [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose‐PET and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery/T1‐weighted MR brain dataset.ResultsSimulations showed that synergistic reconstructions achieve the lowest quantification errors for all image modalities compared to conventional, total variation, and weighted quadratic methods. Whereas total variation regularization preserved modality‐unique features, this method failed to recover PET details and was not able to reduce MR artifacts compared to our proposed method. For in vivo MR data, our method maintained similar image quality for 3× and 14× accelerated data. Reconstruction of the PET‐MR dataset also demonstrated improved performance of our method compared to the conventional independent methods in terms of reduced Gibbs and undersampling artifacts.ConclusionThe proposed methodology offers a robust multi‐modal synergistic image reconstruction framework that can be readily built on existing established algorithms.
Enhanced antifouling performance of ZnS/GO/PVDF hybrid membrane by improving hydrophilicity and photocatalysis
Authors: Du Jinying , Tian Yu , Li Ning , Zhang Jun , Zuo Wei 
Published: October 2018

In order to improve the antifouling performance of PVDF membrane, a novel zinc sulfide/graphene oxide/polyvinylidene fluoride (ZnS/GO/PVDF) composite membrane was prepared by immersed phase inversion method. The surface morphology, crystal structure, photocatalytic activity, and antifouling property of the as‐prepared membranes were systematically studied. Results showed that the ZnS/GO/PVDF hybrid membranes were successfully fabricated with uniform surface. The hybrid membrane surface possessed higher hydrophilicity with water contact angle decreasing from 77.1° to 62.2°. The permeability of the hybrid membrane was therefore enhanced from 222.9 to 326.1 L/(m2 hour). Moreover, bovine serum albumin (BSA) retention experiment showed that the hybrid membrane separation was also promoted by 7.2%. The blending of ZnS and GO enhanced the hydrophilic and photocatalytic performances of PVDF membrane, which mitigated the membrane fouling effectively. This novel hybrid membrane could accelerate the practical application of photocatalytic technology in membrane separation process.
Protocadherin B9 promotes resistance to bicalutamide and is associated with the survival of prostate cancer patients
Authors: Sekino Yohei , Oue Naohide , Mukai Shoichiro , Shigematsu Yoshinori , Goto Keisuke , Sakamoto Naoya , Sentani Kazuhiro , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Teishima Jun , Matsubara Akio , Yasui Wataru 
Published: October 2018

Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignancy worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. The standard therapy for advanced PCa is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Although ADT, including bicalutamide treatment, is initially effective, resistance to bicalutamide frequently occurs and leads to the development of castration‐resistant PCa. Thus, clarifying the mechanisms of bicalutamide resistance is urgently needed. We designed this study to assess the expression and function of PCDHB9, which encodes the protocadherin B9 protein.Methods The expression of PCDHB9 was determined using immunohistochemistry and a qRT‐PCR. The effects of the overexpression or knockdown of PCDHB9 on cell growth, migration, adhesion were evaluated. To evaluate the PCDHB9‐mediated effects in PCa, we performed a gene expression analysis using DU145 transfected with PCDHB9. We examined the effects of PCDHB9 inhibition on bicalutamide resistance.Results The qRT‐PCR revealed that the expression of PCDHB9 was much higher in PCa than that in non‐neoplastic prostate tissues. In 152 clinically localized PCa cases immunohistochemistry showed that 59% of PCa cases were positive for protocadherin B9. A Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed that the high expression of protocadherin B9 was associated with PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy. A functional analysis showed that PCDHB9 modulated cell migration and adhesion. We also found that PCDHB9 induced the expression of ITGB6 based on a gene expression analysis. The effect of PCDHB9 inhibition on bicalutamide sensitivity was examined using MTT assays. The IC50 value of PCDHB9 siRNA‐transfected PCa cells was significantly lower than that of negative control siRNA‐transfected cells. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining of protocadherin B9 in 74 PCa patients who were treated with androgen depletion therapy, including bicalutamide treatment, demonstrated that the high expression of protocadherin B9 was significantly associated with poor overall survival.Conclusions PCDHB9 plays an important role in the progression of PCa and bicalutamide resistance. Collectively, our results suggest that PCDHB9 targeted therapy may be more effective than bicalutamide alone.
Introduction to the Dicke Model: From Equilibrium to Nonequilibrium, and Vice Versa
Authors: Kirton Peter , Roses Mor M. , Keeling Jonathan , Dalla Torre Emanuele G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Dicke model describes the coupling between a quantized cavity field and a large ensemble of two‐level atoms. When the number of atoms tends to infinity, this model can undergo a transition to a superradiant phase, belonging to the mean‐field Ising universality class. The superradiant transition was first predicted for atoms in thermal equilibrium and was recently realized with a quantum simulator made of atoms in an optical cavity, subject to both dissipation and driving. This progress report offers an introduction to some theoretical concepts relevant to the Dicke model, reviewing the critical properties of the superradiant phase transition and the distinction between equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. In addition, it explains the fundamental difference between the superradiant phase transition and the more common lasing transition. This report mostly focuses on the steady states of atoms in single‐mode optical cavities, but it also mentions some aspects of real‐time dynamics, as well as other quantum simulators, including superconducting qubits, trapped ions, and using spin–orbit coupling for cold atoms. These realizations differ in regard to whether they describe equilibrium or nonequilibrium systems.