bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foraminiferal Classification and Evolution
Authors: Loeblich Alfred R. , Tappan Helen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The relative values assigned to various morphologic and physiologic criteria, in foraminiferal systematics, have differed greatly over the past two centuries. The earliest classification was based on a single criterion, whereas data are now available for a wide variety of morphologic, mineralogic, physiologic and ontogenetic criteria.
The membranous or pseudochitinous Lagynacea are believed to have given rise separately to agglutinated, microgranular calcareous, and hyaline calcareous foraminifera. A hypothetical phylogeny is presented for the Parathuramminacea, Endothyracea and Fusulinacea. Developmental trends from simple to compound walls, from unilocular to septate forms and subdivided chambers, and from free-living to attached habit occurred independently in various lineages. The postulated origin of the Nodosariacea and Buliminacea is discussed.
The subfamily Tholosininae Bermudez and Rivero, 1963, is a synonym of the Hemi-sphaerammininae Loeblich and Tappan, 1961, the families Variostomidae (recte Vario-stomatidae) Kristan-Tollmann, 1963, and Duostominidae Brotzen, 1963, are synonymous; the Trocholinidae Kristan-Tollmann, 1963, is a synonym of the Involutinidae Butschli, 1880, and the Eponidopsidae Reiss, 1963, is a synonym of the Eponididae Hofker, 1951.
Neogeinitzina Brotzen, 1963, is a junior synonym of Frondiculinita Gerke, 1961, and both are regarded by us as synonyms of Lingulina. Neospandelina Brotzen, 1963, is based on the same type species as Ichthyolaria Wedekind, 1937, hence is a junior objective synonym.
Discorbis and Epistomaria are herein shown to be monolamellid, rather t)tan bilamellid, hence genera stated by Reiss not to be monolamellid are therefore transferred to the super-families Orbitoidacea (family Rosalinidae), or Rotaliacea (family Rotaliidae). The Rosalinidae Reiss, 1963, is restricted to include only Rosalina, Eoeponidella and Earlmyersia. The Glabratellidae Loeblich and Tappan, 1964, is transferred from the Discorbacea to the Orbitoidacea and the Pegidiinae and Rupertininae transferred from the Rotaliidae to the Orbitoidacea, the former as family Pegidiidae, and the latter placed in the Cibicididae.
Reissia, new genus (type species, Ehrenbergina hystrix Brady) differs from Ehrenbergina in having the radial wall microstructure and apertural toothplate characteristic of the Islandiellidae.
The microgranular hyaline superfamily Cassiclulinacea is restricted to include only the Pleurostomellidae, Annulopatellinidae, Caucasinidae, Delosinidae, Loxostomatidae (herein corrected), and Cassidulinidae. The superfamily Nonionacea is recognized as including the enrolled monolamellid, granular walled Involutinidae, Nonionidae and Alabaminidae, and the new superfamily Anomalinacea (elevated from family status) includes the bilamellid enrolled Anomalinidae and Osangulariidae. Trichohyalus is transferred from the Alabaminidae to the Anomalinidae. Other as yet incompletely known genera require additional study of their morphology and microstructure.
The Tectonic Framework of Assam
Authors: Evans P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A spur of ancient rocks partly covered by gently-dipping Tertiary beds extends from the Shillong Plateau and Mikir Hills north-eastwards beneath the alluvium of Upper Assam. Over this spur the Eastern Himalaya have been thrust southwards and the Naga Hills have been thrust north-westwards. The amount of movement of the overthrust masses cannot be determined but it is suggested that in each case the total displacement may be 150-300 kilometres or even more. The Shillong Plateau is separated from the Surma Valley by a faulted monocline with southerly dips. This fault, the Dauki tear-fault, is now shown to have a probable horizontal displacement of about 250 kilometres, and thus to be a major feature of the tectonic pattern of the Indian sub-continent. The horizontal movement along the Dauki tear-fault detached the Shillong Plateau from the main mass of the Indian Shield. The principal movements occurred late in the Tertiary, mostly in the Pliocene.
Quantitative Petrology of a Part of Singhbhum Granite around Kuyali, Singhbhum District, Bihar
Authors: Saha A. K. , Bandyopadhyay T. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The composition of biotite granodiorite in an area of 11 square miles around Kuyali has been studied on the basis of modal analyses of 41 systematically collected samples. The average mineralogical composition of the sampled area of the granodiorite has been determined by superposing a square grid pattern (size of grid 1 sq. mile) over the area and considering the average composition of each grid. Isopleths for quartz percentage, K feldspar percentage and mafics percentage have been drawn on the basis of the deviation of the grid averages from the average for the entire sampled area. By using a procedure of analysis of variance, it is shown that the local variations in composition are considerable and that they tend to mask the regional variation. Poor and generally non-significant correlations amongst the major minerals of the granodiorite have been found.
The compositional data support the field evidences of considerable assimilation of basic metamorphic rocks and argillites having been an important factor in the evolution of these rocks. K feldspar-rich residual liquid is shown to have migrated towards the low-pressure southern border region of the granodiorite body.
Orbitolines from the Limestone Intercalations of Dras Volcanics, Jammu and Kashmir State
Authors: Mamgain V. D. , Jagannatha Rao B. R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper gives an account of the Orbitolines found in the limestone intercalations associated with volcanic rocks of Dras, Jammu and Kashmir state. One new genus, with characters intermediate between Orbitolina d'Orbigny and Iragia Henson along with three species of Orbilolina and ?Birbalina are recorded. The Foraminifera indicate a Barremian to Aptian age for the limestone intercalations and associated volcanic rocks.
Microstructure of Some Woody Tissues and Pith Related to the Form Genus Dadoxylon in the Permian Coal, Raniganj Coalfield, India
Authors: Pant I. D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The microscopic examination of some woody tissues has shown araucarian type of pits in the radial walls of the tracheids; somewhat contiguous or separate bordered pits oppositely arranged and with round, elliptical or slit-like aperture; occasional presence of trabeculae, torus and 'bars of Sanio' in the walls of the tracheids. These features, and the commonly low and uniseriate medullary rays in the tangentially cut woody tissues, indicate either a Cordaitalean or a Coniferous wood. The microstructure of pith described here, is the first record from an Indian coal. The pith is fairly wide, solid and mainly composed of sclerotic cells and occasional resin-filled parenchymatous cells. To this extent, the pith-structure resembles those of the fossil Dadoxyla discovered in the Gondwana rocks of India. Considering the geological age (Permian) of the Raniganj coal, and the nominal presence of the Coniferales during the Lower Gondwana period, the wood and the pith seem to have a Cordaitalean rather than a Coniferous affinity; but in the absence of other supporting characters, the wood and the pith have been referred to the form genus Dadoxylon.
The Occurrence of Bauxite Along the West Coast of Mysore State, South India
Authors: Radhakrishna B. P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The occurrence of bauxite analysing between 45 to 55 per cent alumina is recorded at several places along the West Coast of Mysore State. Bauxitic concentrations are restricted to certain patches and zones in laterite which occurs as a cover over detrital clays of Tertiary age. The bauxites are siliceous with silica content ranging from 5 to 10 per cent. The deposits have the advantage of being located close to sources of hydroelectric power. Preliminary investigations have indicated a reserve of 2.5 million tons.
A Biometrical Study of Productidae from Umaria Marine Bed
Authors: Mitra Karun C. , Chakraborty K. R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Seventy-eight well preserved specimens of Globiella umariensis, Reed have been collected 'from' the marine bed of Umaria in Madhya Pradesh, included in the Lower Gondwana formation (Permo-Carboniferous). They are analysed by means of various statistical methods. From the analysis of frequency distributions and bivariate scatter-grams with single cluster, collection has been found to be homogeneous. Relative growth rate between biocharacters have been studied by fitting Reduced Major Axis as well as Axis of Allometry in the bivariate distribution, respectively. Including the statistical results, the species is redescribed.
Problems of Palaeontology
Authors: Glaessner M. F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Modern approaches to palaeontological problems are characteristically based on appreciation and analysis of geological as well as biological factors, tending to minimize the distinction between palaeobiological and biostratigraphic aspects of the subject. A rational approach to stratigraphic index fossils implies detailed evolutionary studies. Classification of fossils can no longer be expected to provide a definite name for every single object. The fossil record is incomplete not only in the sense of absence of formerly living organisms from the record hut also in the sense of incomplete representation of former biological systems by fossils. Physiological factors may be more important than shell or skeleton mechanics within these systems and also in the evolutionary origination of mineralized tissues. Faunal change, the basis of biostratigraphy, is being approached by microecological analysis rather than by empirical compilation of faunal lists. Methods are becoming more quantitative but guidance from biological models as to the significance of measurements and from some aspects of palaeontology as to the significance of samples is essential. Palaeontology is now a unified science, unique as the study of life processes in the past.
A Re-Evaluation of the Stratigraphy of the Lameta-Jabalpur Contact Around Jabalpur, M.P.
Authors: Chanda S. K. , Bhattacharyya Ajit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There has been some disagreement between Medlicott and Matley as regards the stratigraphy of the Lameta-Jabalpur contact in the type area. On the basis of fieid evidences integrated with petrologic data, it is shown in the present work that there is a well-marked unconformity at this contact, and the paraconformity observed in the eastern part actually passes into an erosional unconformity of a greater magnitude towards the south-west. The "apparent presumption of an unconformity" by Medlicott is thus confirmed. Post-Jabalpur tectonism, visualised on the basis of this presumption of the unconformity, although a cause for Lameta sedimentation, did not effectively change the tectonic framework in the type area.
Purana Sedimentation in Parts of the Godavari Valley
Authors: Basumallick Sudhir 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Study of the type area (Warangal District) of the Purana Super-Group in the Godavari Valley has led to the following picture of the Purana sedimentation.
Archaean crystallines dominated by granite acted as the provenance which was situated on the western side of the basin of sedimentation. Rock fragments having identical petrographic characters as those of some of the neighbouring Archaean crystallines were met with in the basal conglomerates and arkoses.
The derivation of the material was chiefly by mechanical disintegration, as indicated by dominance of fresh feldspars almost throughout the whole succession.
The transportational phase appears to be of moderate duration as suggested by the size and shape characteristics of the arenites and rudites.
The deposition took place in a marine epineritic environment. Evidences suggestive of such an environment include (a) presence of glauconite, (b) presence of bedded chert, (c) high magnesia content of the carbonates, (d) moderate to well sorted nature of the arenites and (e) secondary overgrowth of potash feldspar.
The lithologic association is characterised by arkose, carbonate and silty shale with subordinate orthoquartzite, a high value of total thickness, somewhat cyclic repetition of beds, moderate to good size-sorting and rounding, presence of considerable amount of red beds and by absence of distinct nonmarine beds of evaporites. These characteristics have been interpreted in terms of an unstable shelf association.
Charnockites of Manbhum and the Charnockite Problem
Authors: Sen Saurindranath 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The ultrabasic rocks and norites of Manbhurn are not to be included in the charnockite series. They belong to the earlier sedimentary-igneous sequence that underwent intense deformation and recrystallization before the charnockites (sensu stricto) came into being. The basic charnockites (pyroxene granulites) are derived as a result of metamorphic convergence at granulite facies from cafemic sediments and norites. These are isofacial with diopside-calc-granulite, khondalite and leptynite. Influx of granitic material converted the pyroxene granulites to a series of rocks of intermediate composition and ultimately to a granite. A part of all these varieties are hypersthene bearing with the features characteristic of the group.
The charnockite habit, including the index mineral, was impressed on the rocks by the pre-granite metamorphism, retained in the successive products of granitization, and obtained by the intrusive granite by crystallization under identical PT environment.
All hypersthene granites in this typical milieu, and the granulite facies rocks are charnockitic, and have a dry mineral assemblage association together with other members of the charnockite series. In the term 'charnockite' is to stay, it should be used as a synonym of hypersthene granite in the typical set-up and association. The term 'charnockite series' should be dropped.
Airborne Scintillometer Surveys in India
Authors: Saraswat A. C. , Krishnamoorthy B. , Phadke A. V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Atomic Minerals Division of the Department of Atomic Energy carried out Airborne Scintillometer surveys for uranium during the period 1957-62, in parts of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Madras, Mysore, Orissa, Rajasthan and West Bengal, totalling more than 74,000 sq. miles, along some 78,775 line-miles in 1401 flying hours. A brief account of the survey operations reviewing the object and organisation of the airborne radiometry, details of the aircraft and equipment used, operational techniques adopted, principles and physical considerations involved in such surveys, basis of interpretation and evaluation of radioactivity anomalies obtained under different environments, results of the survey in various parts of India, utility and future prospects etc., have been given in the paper.
Study of some Aspects of the Charnockite Problem
Authors: Lakshmi Narayana Rao S. V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The points of controversy with regard to the genesis of charnockites have been critically reviewed. An attempt has been made to determine the temperature of formation of some charnockites from the coexisting mineral assemblages. The need to calibrate the 'pyroxene' thermometry with reference to the 'feldspar' thermometry is mentioned.
A Note on Some Planktonic Foraminifera from the Cambay Basin
Authors: Wickenden R. T. D. , Sastri V. V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The authors have demarcated the Eocene-Oligocene stratigraphic boundary of the sub-crop sediments of the Cambay Basin of Western India on the basis of planktonic Foraminifera belonging to the genera Chiloguembelina, Cassigerinella and Globigerina.
Petrology of the Hybrid Rocks Formed at the Contact of Gabbro and Granite Gneiss in the Dhenkanal District, Orissa
Authors: Mallik Apurba Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper describes the reaction zones at the contact of the older granite gneiss and the gabbroic intrusives in the Moulabhanja Parbat area, Dhenkanal district, Orissa. The hybrid zone formed at the contact acquired dioritic to granodioritic composition with peculiar mineralogical assemblages, e.g., quartz-microcline-subcalcic augite-garnet, and quartz-andesine-subcalcic augite-hypersthene-garnet. The petrology and chemistry of these rocks with mineral paragenesis have been described in detail. It is concluded that the hybrid rocks were produced by assimilation and mutual exchange of materials between gabbro and the granite gneiss.
Carbonatite Complexes as Related to the Structure of Narmada Valley
Authors: Yellur D. D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper briefly describes the carbonatite complexes and discusses their relationship with the structure of Narmada rift valley in the light of the crustal disturbances of Hercynian Era and the great Deccan volcanic episode of the early Tertiary epoch.
Narmada valley being a long east-west fault zone accompanied by central volcanoes with alkali basalt, trachytes and nepheline bearing rocks, a detailed study and exploration of this region may bring to light many more carbonatite complexes both in the form of plugs and dyke-like intrusions emplaced along fault planes, which may have great economic significance as fluorite, barytc, anhydrite, niobium, rare earths, lead and radioactive minerals are known to be associated with them.
Studies on Zircons from the Central Gneisses of the Dhauladhar Range, North of Dharmsala
Authors: Gupta L. N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Zircons from the Central Gneisses of the Dhauladhar range, north of Dharmsala have been separated and studied to establish the stability of zircons during metamorphism and migmatization of the sediments; field and petrological studies indicate that the rocks have formed by migmatization of the metasediments. Crystal habit, colour, clouding, corrosion, overgrowth and outgrowth, length and breadth, elongation ratio and the (reduced major axis of zircons separated from several rock types have been studied in detail. The number of euhedral zircons increases during the migmatization apparently due to the recrystallization of the zircons. The zircon data corroborates with the structural and petrographic observations. The zircon study is useful as a criterion in deciphering the petrogenesis of the granitic rocks.
On the Morphology and Wall Structure of Tritaxia prramldata Reuss from the Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary Deposits of Pondicherry, South India
Authors: Venkatachalapathy V. , Satyanarayana Rao P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Foraminiferal samples collected during a recent study of the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary deposits of Pondicherry area, South India, have yielded a large number of individuals of Tritaxia pyramidata Reuss. A detailed morphological and microwall structural study of these shells has been made. Such a study indicates a high degree of variation in the shell and apertural shapes. Contrary to the data provided by earlier workers, the wall structure in the specimens under examination, has revealed a two layered nature, the inner layer being formed of crystals of calcite. This new investigation demands reassessment of the taxonomic status of the form. Stratigraphically, Tritaxia pyramidata appears to be a high range species, being found distributed almost throughout the above formations.
Occurrence of Andalusite in a Quartz Vein Near Mallegowdanahalli, Bangalore District, Mysore State
Authors: Suryanarayana Rao C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Andalusite occurs in a quartz "Vein intrusive into ultrabasic rocks altered to tremolite-actinolite schists, on a low mound about half a mile to the SE of Mallegowdanahalli, Doddaballapur Taluk, Bangalore District, Mysore State and about 35 miles to the NNW of Bangalore. Andalusite is formed along the margins of the quartz vein as a result of reaction between the quartz and alumina-rich magmatic vapours, following the intrusion of the quartz vein, in the presence of magnesia and lime available in the surrounding ultra basic schists. Corundum has formed in the final stages of the pneumatolytic activity and is deposited in the fracture planes of andalusite. Continued activity by potash-rich hydrothermal solutions at the closing phases of the magmatic processes has partly transformed the andalusite and corundum into dumortierite, muscovite and pyrophyllite.
On the Carbonatite at Newania, Udaipur District, Rajasthan
Authors: Phadke A. V. , Jhingran A. G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A brief account of the geological setting, mineral assemblages, the trace and major element study by chemical and spectrographic investigations etc., of the carbonatic rocks occurring at Newania, Udaipur, Rajasthan, has been given in the paper. Field observations indicate the occurrence of a narrow fenitised zone comprising syenitic rocks, intruded by narrow dykes and veins of carbonatites, signifying development of alkalic character in the rocks, surrounding the main carbonatite body. Locally developed breccia zones and intrusive apatite, vermiculite and calcite veins are also noticed in the rocks. Both the field and laboratory data support the view that these rocks are a special kind of carbonate-rich rocks genetically related to the alkalic rock forming processes and of apparent magmatic origin.
The Behaviour of Trace Elements in the Magmatic Members of the Singhbhum Granitic Complex
Authors: Sara A. K. , Sankaran A. V. , Bhattacharyya T. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Seventeen trace elements in 37 total rock samples belonging to six magmatic units of Singhbhum Granite, and nearly as many trace elements in II individual minerals separated from these rocks were estimated by quantitative and semi-quantitative spectrographic analysis respectively. Uranium was determined fluorimetrically in all the 37 samples. The trace element distributions in these samples have been studied in relation to those of the major elements as computed from the modal analyses on the basis of optical and chemical data on the constituent minerals.
The trends of variation of the trace elements and of the diadochic element ratios in these rocks conform broadly to those expected under conditions of fractional crystallisation of volatile-rich granitic melts. Distinctive trends of variation of several trace elements and diadochic element ratios with increasing differentiation were found for the three distinct but closely related phases into which these intrusive units may be classified on structural and petrologic grounds. Multivariate analyses and t-tests on 12 trace elements in samples belonging to the three phases indicate that the three phases of granites have significantly different trace element compositions.
Dharwar Conglomerates of Mysore - A Restudy
Authors: Sreenivas B. L. , Srinivasan R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Compositional layering of pebbles has provided a positive structural criterion in distinguishing the tectogenic (autoclastic) conglomerates from the sedimentogenic ones in the Dharwars of Mysore. Making use of current bedding and graded bedding as markers of two different tectonic environments of arenite sedimentation, the stable areas of deposition in Dharwars of Shimoga, Chital drug and Bababudan schist belts are separated from the main geosynclinal regions. Stability in the depositional environment is found to be characteristic of the parageosynclinal stage; and the conglomerates deposited in stable regions are oligomictic as against the polymictic nature of the geosynclinal conglomerates.