bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targetable Mechanical Properties by Switching between Self‐Sorting and Co‐assembly with In Situ Formed Tripodal Ketoenamine Supramolecular Hydrogels
Authors: Foster Jamie S. , Prentice Andrew W. , Forgan Ross S. , Paterson Martin J. , Lloyd Gareth O. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA new family of supramolecular hydrogelators are introduced in which self‐sorting and co‐assembly can be utilised in the tuneability of the mechanical properties of the materials, a property closely tied to the nanostructure of the gel network. The in situ reactivity of the components of the gelators allows for system chemistry concepts to be applied to the formation of the gels and shows that molecular properties, and not necessarily the chemical identity, determines some gel properties in these family of gels.
Engagement of directors representing institutional investors on environmental disclosure
Authors: Pucheta‐Martínez María Consuelo , López‐Zamora Blanca 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper aims to examine the role performed by representatives of institutional investors in environmental reporting in Spain, where the presence of this type of director is the highest among European countries. Additionally, we make a distinction between those representatives of institutional investors appointed by bank and insurance companies and those appointed by mutual funds, investment funds and pension funds, because they have different motivations, characteristics and incentives, and consequently their role on boards and their influence on environmental disclosure may be dissimilar, as our results suggest. Our research offers a deep analysis revealing the role played by representatives of institutional investors in Spanish listed firms' decisions to disclose environmental information. Thus, our findings show the engagement with the stakeholders of a particular type of director on boards regarding environmental disclosure.
P‐channel logic 2 T eDRAM macro with high retention bit architecture
Authors: Manisankar Sivasundar , Chung Yeonbae 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThis study presents a novel approach which enhances the data retention capability of PMOS gain cell based embedded DRAM. The proposed circuit technique utilizes a parasitic capacitance between the cell storage node and the common n‐well body. During the write operation, an up‐down voltage transition to the n‐well increases the cell storage retention time without using any optional devices. It also results in much high immunity against the write “1” disturbance. Measured and simulated results from an 8192‐wordx8‐bit eDRAM macro implemented in a 0.13‐μm generic CMOS process exhibit 58% increased retention time and approximately 3.6 times stronger write disturbance immunity over the conventional design.
Habitat complexity effects on diversity and abundance differ with latitude: an experimental study over 20 degrees
Authors: Bracewell Sally A. , Clark Graeme F. , Johnston Emma L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHabitat complexity is accepted as a general mechanism for increasing the abundance and diversity of communities. However, the circumstances under which complexity has the strongest effects are not clear. Over 20 degrees of Australia's east coast, we tested whether the effects of within‐site structural habitat complexity on the diversity and community structure of sessile marine invertebrates was consistent over a latitudinal gradient where environmental conditions and species composition vary. We used experimental arrays with varied structural treatments to detect whether community cover, species richness, diversity and community composition (β‐diversity) changed with increasing complexity. Community response to complexity varied over latitude due to differences in species richness and community development. Increased complexity had the greatest positive effects on community cover and species richness at higher latitudes where recruitment and growth were low. At lower latitudes, community cover and species richness were higher overall and did not vary substantially between complexity treatments. Latitudinal variation in within‐treatment β‐diversity relative to complexity further suggest divergent community responses. At higher latitudes, increased similarity in more complex treatments suggests community dominance of successful taxonomic groups. Despite limited effects on species richness and community cover at lower latitudes, β‐diversity was higher in more complex treatments, signifying potential positive effects of increased complexity at these sites. These results demonstrate the context‐dependency of complexity effects in response to variation in species richness and community development and should be taken into consideration to help direct conservation and restoration efforts.
Improving of the workability of heat treated AlMg5 aluminum alloys subjected to the equal channel angular pressing through inter‐pass annealing
Authors: Snopiński P. , Tański T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn recent years, increasing interest in the improvement of the mechanical properties of aluminum‐magnesium alloys has been shown. However, it is known that the addition of magnesium result in a workability decrease. For this reason, it is necessary to find a way to enhance the ductility of aluminum‐magnesium alloys before plastic working. The present study shows that the plasticity of the AlMg5 aluminum alloy can be increased through a solution treatment. However, even after heat treatment, only 2 passes were possible to perform. For this reason, the increase of the workability was achieved by application of the inter stage annealing at 350 °C for 30 min. It was found that there is a possibility to obtain a fine grained bimodal structure of the as annealed material through the partial recrystallization and increase in workability of the severe plastic deformed material. It was also found that further plastic deformation results in obtaining a material with greater mechanical properties (hardness and tensile strength) in comparison to a material without inter pass annealing. To characterize the structure evolution of the material at different stages of treatment, light and electron microscopy was used.
Fatigue crack growth characteristics for powder nickel based metallurgical superalloys at elevated temperatures
Authors: Yoon D.H. , Kim J.H. , Kim H.K. , Kim D.H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study presents experimental results regarding the fatigue crack growth characteristics of nickel‐based powder metallurgical superalloys used in aircraft turbine disks. The powder metallurgy alloys are manufactured using metal powders with a particulate diameter of less than 1 mm. The powder metallurgy alloys used in aircraft parts or turbine blades have excellent mechanical properties, fatigue resistance, oxidation resistance, and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures. However, fatigue cracks arising from defects in the materials are unpredictable because they depend upon the manufacturing technique. As it is known that structural components may need to operate at elevated temperatures, the behavior of fatigue crack propagation at elevated temperatures is considered. The fatigue crack growth tests are conducted at typical operating conditions of stress ratios and elevated temperatures. Fatigue crack growth rate is measured using the direct current potential drop method, and evaluated by the Forman‐Mettu equation. Considering ΔKth as an important design variable, empirical constants were derived so that the analytic ΔKth value can be obtained directly at a given temperature. Fractography of the fractured specimens was performed using a scanning electron microscopy.
Diet of Striped Bass and Muskellunge Downstream of a Large Hydroelectric Dam: A Preliminary Investigation into Suspected Atlantic Salmon Smolt Predation
Authors: Andrews S. N. , Zelman K. , Ellis T. , Linnansaari T. , Curry R. A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Top predators, such as the Striped Bass Morone saxatilis and Muskellunge Esox masquinongy, can impact food webs and alter ecosystem structure through the regulation of prey populations. Within the Saint John River, New Brunswick, Canada, both predators have long been hypothesized to impart significant mortality on smolts of the endangered Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar. As a consequence, current management practices entail euthanizing Muskellunge (an introduced species) that enter fish passage facilities along the Saint John River. Furthermore, the recovery and protection of a native Striped Bass population have largely been ignored. To assess seasonal diet, gastric lavage was performed on Striped Bass (n = 244) and Muskellunge (n = 96) captured in the downstream proximity of the Mactaquac Dam from April to November 2016. Clupeids dominated the stomach contents by number (92% for Striped Bass; 49% for Muskellunge) and mass (71% for Striped Bass; 96% for Muskellunge). Other prey species included White Perch Morone americana, Yellow Perch Perca flavescens, American Shad Alosa sapidissima, and American Eels Anguilla rostrata. No Atlantic Salmon smolts or other regionally recognized recreational fish species were identified in any of the stomach samples (n = 340) examined. Concurrently, this study observed little temporal overlap between the smolt migratory period and the arrival of Striped Bass to the Mactaquac Dam. Some Striped Bass (n = 33) were observed to be in spawning condition, releasing eggs and milt when handled, although reproduction by this species in the Saint John River was thought to have ceased long ago.
Tacrolimus Elimination in Four Patients With a CYP3A5*3/*3 CYP3A4*22/*22 Genotype Combination
Authors: Scheibner Aileen , Remmel Rory , Schladt David , Oetting William S. , Guan Weihua , Wu Baolin , Dorr Casey , Israni Ajay , Jacobson Pamala A. 
Published: May 2018

Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) are the predominate enzymes responsible for tacrolimus metabolism. The presence of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genetic variants significantly affects tacrolimus clearance and dose requirements. CYP3A5*3 is a loss‐of‐function variant resulting in no CYP3A5 enzyme production. CYP3A4*22 is a variant that reduces production of functional CYP3A4 protein. Caucasians commonly carry these variant alleles but are very rarely homozygous for both CYP3A5*3 and CYP3A4*22. This report describes four kidney transplant recipients who carry a rare genotype combination (CYP3A5*3/*3 and CYP3A4*22/*22). These patients were identified from a larger cohort of Caucasian kidney transplant recipients (n=1366). To understand the significance of this genotype combination on tacrolimus troughs and doses, we compared these patients to recipients without this combination. Patients homozygous for both variants are at risk for profound reductions in metabolism of CYP3A substrates. A 342% and a 90.6% increase in the median dose‐normalized trough was observed, when the CYP3A5*3/*3 and CYP3A4*22/*22 genotype combination was compared to the CYP3A5*1/*1 and CYP3A4*1/*1 genotype combination and the CYP3A5*3/*3 and CYP3A4*1/*1 genotype combination, respectively. These four individuals only required on average 2.5 mg/day of tacrolimus. Knowledge of these genotypes would be useful in selecting appropriate tacrolimus doses to avoid overexposure.
Targeted Chemo‐Photothermal Therapy: A Nanomedicine Approximation to Selective Melanoma Treatment
Authors: Villaverde Gonzalo , Gómez‐Graña Sergio , Guisasola Eduardo , García Isabel , Hanske Christoph , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. , Baeza Alejandro , Vallet‐Regí Maria 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMelanoma is one of the most severe public health issues worldwide, not only because of the high number of cases but also for its poor prognosis in late stages. Therefore, early diagnosis and efficient treatment are key toward a future solution. However, melanoma is highly resistant to cytotoxicity in its metastatic form. In this context, a therapeutic strategy based on a targeted chemo‐photothermal nanotransporter for cytotoxic compounds is proposed. This approach comprises the use of core–multishell gold nanorods, coated with mesoporous silica and further covered with a thermosensitive polymer, which is vectorized for selective internalization in melanoma cells. The proposed nanoformulation is capable of releasing the transported cytotoxic compounds on demand, in response to near‐IR irradiation, with high selectivity and efficacy against malignant cells, even at low concentrations, thereby providing a new tool against melanoma disease.
Review of Gasless Pyrotechnic Time Delays
Authors: Focke Walter W. , Tichapondwa Shepherd M. , Montgomery Yolandi C. , Grobler Johannes M. , Kalombo Michel L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGasless pyrotechnic delay compositions for time‐sequencing energetic events are reviewed. They are mixtures of powdered fuels and oxidants capable of a highly exothermic oxidation‐reduction reaction. Trends favor ‘green’ compositions targeted to replace compositions containing perchlorates, chromates, lead and barium. Thermite‐based reactions dominate but intermetallics (especially multi‐layered versions) and hybrids appear promising considering progress in self‐propagating high temperature synthesis technology. Improving computer modelling will require better description of condensed phase reactions. Progress was made with the development of “hot spot” models and expressing reactivity in terms of the number of contact points (or contact surface area) between particles. Promising processing advances include mechanochemical synthesis of reactive particle composites by arrested milling or comminution of cold‐rolled multilayer intermetallics. Dry mixing of reactive powders has made way for slurry mixing followed by spray drying.
Curved Fragmented Graphenic Hierarchical Architectures for Extraordinary Charging Capacities
Authors: Lian Hong‐Yuan , Dutta Saikat , Tominaka Satoshi , Lee Yu‐An , Huang Shu‐Yun , Sakamoto Yasuhiro , Hou Chia‐Hung , Liu Wei‐Ren , Henzie Joel , Yamauchi Yusuke , Wu Kevin C.‐W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn approach to assemble hierarchically ordered 3D arrangements of curved graphenic nanofragments for energy storage devices is described. Assembling them into well‐defined interconnected macroporous networks, followed by removal of the template, results in spherical macroporous, mesoporous, and microporous carbon microball (3MCM) architectures with controllable features spanning nanometer to micrometer length scales. These structures are ideal porous electrodes and can serve as lithium‐ion battery (LIB) anodes as well as capacitive deionization (CDI) devices. The LIBs exhibit high reversible capacity (up to 1335 mAh g−1), with great rate capability (248 mAh g−1 at 20 C) and a long cycle life (60 cycles). For CDI, the curved graphenic networks have superior electrosorption capacity (i.e., 5.17 mg g−1 in 0.5 × 10−3m NaCl) over conventional carbon materials. The performance of these materials is attributed to the hierarchical structure of the graphenic electrode, which enables faster ion diffusion and low transport resistance.
Grounding and ontological dependence
Authors: Rydéhn Henrik 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecent metaphysics has seen a surge of interest in grounding—a relation of non-causal determination underlying a distinctive kind of explanation common in philosophy. In this article, I investigate the connection between grounding and another phenomenon of great interest to metaphysics: ontological dependence. There are interesting parallels between the two phenomena: for example, both are commonly invoked through the use of “dependence” terminology, and there is a great deal of overlap in the motivations typically appealed to when introducing them. I approach the question of the relationship between grounding and ontological dependence through an investigation of their modal connections (or lack thereof). I argue, firstly, that on the common assumption that grounding is factive, it can be shown that no known variety of rigid ontological dependence is either necessary or sufficient for grounding. I also offer some suggestions in support of the claim that this generalizes to every possible form of rigid ontological dependence. I then broaden the discussion by considering a non-factive conception of grounding, as well as by looking at forms of generic (rather than rigid) ontological dependence. I argue that there is at least one form of rigid ontological dependence that is sufficient for non-factive grounding, and that a form of generic dependence may be necessary (but not sufficient) both for factive and non-factive grounding. However, justifying even these fairly weak modal connections between grounding and ontological dependence turns out to require some quite specific and substantive assumptions about the two phenomena that have only rarely been discussed.
Case study on aircraft tyre wear in Y12 aircraft tyres
Authors: Dulani Daminda Kuruppu K. A. , Hettiarachchi C. J. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe primary objective of this research was to analyse the discrepancies in polymeric properties in Y12 aircraft tyres after 50 landings. Tensile strength and elongation test, abrasion test and hardness tests were carried out for the nose and main gear tyres after the completion of 50 landings. Surface morphologies of the tyre samples were observed using SEM. ISO specifications were followed for each experimental method during testing. There was a reduction in both median tensile strength and elongation at break in aircraft tyres after 50 landings but the reduction rate of both parameters were lower in Tyre 2 (nose wheel tyre) compared with Tyre 1 (left main wheel tyre) and Tyre 3 (right main wheel tyre). The highest percentage of mean volume loss was reported for Tyre 3 (3.88%). In addition, the least percentage of mean volume loss was obtained in Tyre 2 (2.98%). The percentage of hardness reduction was highest in Tyre 2 (6.9%). The surface roughness was induced to the tyre surface after completion of 50 landings.
Ice cream rounds: The adaptation, implementation, and evaluation of a peer-support wellness rounds in an emergency medicine resident training program
Authors: Calder-Sprackman Samantha , Kumar Thara , Gerin-Lajoie Caroline , Kilvert Megan , Sampsel Kari 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroduction/Innovation ConceptEmergency medicine (EM) requires physicians to deal with acutely ill patients in a fast-paced and dynamic environment, which creates a barrier to debriefing after critical events. These unique challenges can negatively impact wellness. We sought to adapt and implement a peer-support wellness program called ‘Ice Cream Rounds’ in an EM residency setting.MethodsA needs assessment survey was conducted among EM residents at The University of Ottawa to gauge interest and obtain resident input regarding program design. The structure of the sessions was adapted from similar initiatives in Canadian Pediatric Residency programs.Curriculum, Tool or MaterialConfidential peer-support sessions were created and piloted. Residents preferred peer facilitators, rather than staff, so two residents obtained training the Faculty of Medicine’s Wellness Program to lead sessions. Attendance at rounds was voluntary; however, overall attendance was recorded along with feedback from pilot sessions. Discussion topics included difficult patient encounters, poor patient outcomes, challenges in residency, and ethical issues. Post implementation feedback demonstrated that Ice Cream Rounds was a helpful forum for residents to discuss important issues with colleagues.ConclusionsThis is the first Canadian EM training program to adapt, implement, and evaluate peer-support wellness rounds for debriefing, and this initiative can be easily adopted by any EM training program.
Linguliform brachiopods across a Cambrian–Ordovician (Furongian, Early Ordovician) biomere boundary: the Sunwaptan–Skullrockian North American Stage boundary in the Wilberns and Tanyard formations of central Texas
Authors: Freeman Rebecca L. , Miller James F. , Dattilo Benjamin F. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Cambrian-Ordovician Diversity Plateau, between the Cambrian Explosion and the Ordovician Radiation, is punctuated by a series of well-documented Laurentian trilobite extinction events. These events define the bounding surfaces of trilobite ‘biomeres’ that correspond to North American stages, including those of the Sunwaptan and Skullrockian. Trilobites show a consistent pattern of recovery across these boundaries, and commonly each extinction and replacement of taxa is interpreted as a single event as changing environmental conditions spurred shoreward migration of shelf or oceanic faunas that displaced established cratonic faunas. Linguliform brachiopods are also abundant in strata of this interval, and we investigate their stratigraphic distribution across the Sunwaptan–Skullrockian Stage boundary in Texas through high-resolution stratigraphic sampling of subtidal sediments. We document complete genus- and species-level turnover of the linguliform brachiopod fauna coincident with trilobite extinction events, suggesting that these brachiopods were affected by the same factors that affected trilobites. The Skullrockian replacement fauna was cosmopolitan, with ties to Gondwana and Kazakhstan and to the Laurentian shelf environment. The timing of appearances of taxa suggests that the faunal migration onto the Laurentian shelf came from elsewhere during a transgression. The disappearance of the Sunwaptan fauna and the arrival of the Skullrockian fauna are distinct events. We suggest that ‘biomere’ events may be complex, and the cause of the extinction is not necessarily the same event that facilitates the appearance of a replacement fauna. We describe one new species,Schizambon langei.UUID:http://zoobank.org/f6a5c11f-cd3d-4c16-b184-d808d3a5285f
Misunderstandings Concerning the Significance of AMS Background 14C Measurements
Authors: Taylor R E , Southon John R , Santos Guaciara M 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTWe consider one misconception of those who currently reject the general validity of radiocarbon (14C) age determinations older than, at most, 10,000 BP. There is an allegation that the presence of 14C reported by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) laboratories in their measurements of 14C infinite age (>100,000 years) organics used to define background levels, support their point of view. This article has been written for a general audience, primarily for those who have questions about the validity of these arguments. However, they may not be familiar with the literature relevant to providing a clear response to the claims of these individuals. We conclude that, in our view, of all of the possible explanations for the reports of the presence of 14C in these background samples, the least probable explanation has been advanced by those rejecting the validity of the 14C time scale in excess of, at most, 10,000 BP.