bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis Antibodies among Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Assessment some Biochemical Markers
Authors: Saeed Sarah Ali , Al-Aubaidi Israa Kasim 
Published: June 2018

Toxoplasma gondii is an protozoan intracellular coccidian protozoan parasite. Latent toxoplasmosis threat to immunocompetent individuals. Diabetic patients are more susceptible to infect with toxoplasmosis due to their low level of immunity response. The purpose of this research is to define the association between toxoplasmosis and diabetes mellitus and detection serum levels of chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protien-1 and transforming growth factor-Î²) in diabetic patients infected with toxoplasmosis. Serum samples were collected from 120 diabetic patients and 50 healthy individuals as a control group from the Imamein Kadhimein Medical City in Baghdad. In order to diagnose diabetes, fasting and random blood glucose tests were used . The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was done by using toxo IgM and IgG immulite torch assay. Chemokines levels were measured by ELISA method. The results clarified that all samples were seronegative for IgM antibodies while 50 (41.67%) diabetic patients were seropositive for IgG antibodies and 70 (58.33%) diabetic patients and 50 healthy controls were seronegative for IgG antibodies. Serum level of MCP-1 was recorded an increase in a group of diabetic patients infected with toxoplasmosis 169.66 Â± 131.35 pg/ml with highly significant differences (P < 0.001) also TGF-Î² level was increased in a group of diabetic patients infected with toxoplasmosis 0.53 Â± 0.242 pg/ml with highly significant differences (P â‰¤ 0.0001) when compare with the studied groups.
KAJIAN MATAN DAN SANAD HADITS DALAM METODE HISTORIS
Authors: Rahman Muhammad S 
Published: June 2018

Sanad menurut bahasa berarti sandaran, yang kita bersandar pada­ nya, dan berarti dapat diperpegangi, dipercayai. Sedangkan me­ nurut istilah, sanad berarti keseluruhan rawy dalam suatu hadits dengan sifat dan bentuk yang ada. Selanjutnya matan menurut bahasa berarti punggung jalan (muka jalan) tanah yang keras dan tinggi. Sedangkan matan menurut istilah ialah bunyi atau kalimat yang terdapat dalam hadits yang menjadi isi riwayat. Apa­ kah hadits tersebut berbentuk qaul (ucapan) fi’il (perbuatan, taqrir (ketetapan) dan sebagainya dari Rasulullah Saw. Dalam meneliti sanad sekurang-kurangnya diperlukan lima syarat yaitu: a) mencari biografi perawi, b) membahas keadilan dan ke­ dlabitan perawi, c) membahas kemuttashilan sanad (sanad yang bersambung), d) membahas syadz dan, e) membahas illat hadits; selanjutnya dalam meneliti matan maka yang harus diperhatikan adalah: a) meneliti matan dengan melihat kualitas sanadnya, b) me­ neliti susunan matan yang semakna, dan c) meneliti kandungan matan. Perkembangan dan pengaruh sanad terhadap klasifikasi hadits pada gejala umum dapat diklasifikasi bahwa sanad pada tingkat sahabat jumlahnya lebih sedikit dibanding pada tingkat tabi’in dan pada tingkat tabi’in lebih sedikit dibanding dengan tingkat tabi’it-tabi’in dan seterusnya sampai pada tingkat jumlah yang cukup banyak
Earth Block Construction in Nepal as Alternative to Reconstruction after the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake
Authors: Kasajoo Aayush , Hongwang Ma 
Published: June 2018

On April 25, 2015, 7.8 magnitude earthquake occurred in Central Nepal with epicentre in Gorkha District at 11:56 NST (local time). A major aftershock of magnitude 7.3 on May 12, 2015 resulted in enhancement of damages. Almost 800,000 buildings were fully or partially damaged. This paper highlights the different types of buildings in Nepal and the damage patterns recorded from the earthquake. Different causes of failures are highlighted for different types of building including masonry, wooden, reinforced cement concrete etc. 44.2% of the buildings in Nepal are masonry type which in fact performed the worst during the earthquake. One of the main reason was the poor quality of bricks used in the buildings. Most of the masonry buildings in Nepal are located in the rural areas where the economic condition of people are not up to the level. Utilization of local resources and people skill is important. Thus, as an alternative to it, we have put forward the idea of earth block construction which is not only earthquake resillient but lighter, greener sustainable and economical. Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2018, 14(1): 64-74
Two Higher Order Iterative Methods for Solving Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Jnawali Jivandhar , Bhatta Chet Raj 
Published: June 2018

The main purpose of this paper is to derive two higher order iterative methods for solving nonlinear equations as variants of Mir, Ayub and Rafiq method. These methods are free from higher order derivatives. We obtain these methods by amalgamating Mir, Ayub and Rafiq method with standard secant method and modified secant method given by Amat and Busquier. The order of convergence of new variants are four and six. Also, numerical examples are given to compare the performance of newly introduced methods with the similar existing methods. 2010 AMS Subject Classification: 65H05 Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2018, 14(1): 179-187
An experimental and numerical investigation of the effects of geometry and spot welds on the crashworthiness of vehicle thin-walled structures
Authors: Demirci Emre , Yıldız Ali Rıza 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This paper aims to develop a new crash box with improved crashworthiness at reduced cost and weight as a base design for use in the automotive industry. Firstly, a baseline crash box model as presently used by the automotive industry was comprehensively examined by numerical crash analysis using Ls-Dyna software. Considering the initial design geometry, forty-five different crash box designs were developed by making changes in the geometry and wall thickness of the thin walled structures. The effects of the changes in wall thickness and geometry in alternative crash box designs on crash performances such as total energy absorption, peak crush force, mean crush force, specific energy absorption and crush force efficiency were investigated. The optimum crash box design obtained numerically was validated experimentally by means of the drop tower impact system. The numerical crash analysis results clearly agree with the experimental test results. In this study, a new crash box design at a lower cost and performing better in crashes compared with the other forty-six designs has been obtained and can be used in the automotive industry as an energy absorber. The results have revealed that crash box geometry, as well as the number and position of the spot welds and sheet-metal thickness have an important effect on crash performance, weight and cost of the crash boxes.
Effect of quenching on microstructure and properties of modified Al-bearing high boron high speed steel
Authors: Zhang Yaguang , Fu Hanguang , Lin Jian , Lei Yongping , Ma Shengqiang 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this paper, the effects of different quenching temperatures on the microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of modified Al-bearing high boron high speed steel were investigated by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), a hardness tester, and an MM-200 block-on-ring wear testing machine. The results showed that the as-cast microstructure of modified Al-bearing high boron high speed steel consisted of martensite, ferrite, pearlite and continuous network eutectic borocarbides which were distributed at the grain boundary. The eutectic borocarbides mainly included M2B and M7(C, B)3. With an increase of quenching temperature, the matrix turned into martensite, and the continuous network structure of eutectic borocarbides were gradually broken and changed to the spherical; the secondary borocarbides M23(C, B)6 were precipitated from the matrix. After quenching at 1150 °C, eutectic borocarbides were clearly visible as a broken network and spheroidal in shape, and the distribution was more uniform. When the quenching temperature was in a range of 1000 °C to 1150 °C, the hardness and wear resistance of the alloy obviously increased. When the quenching temperature attained 1150 °C, hardness reached the highest 64.3 HRC, and the wear resistance was best.
Bending and lateral crushing behavior of a GFRP and PA6 reinforced aluminum square tube
Authors: Ekşi Seçil , Genel Kenan , Kaptı Akın Oğuz , Acar Kenan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this study, the bending behavior of a thin-walled aluminum square tube (AST) were analyzed using the finite element (FE) method, and reinforcing arrangements were decided for the composite beams based on the FE results. Accordingly, bending behavior of thin-walled ASTs with internal cast polyamide (PA6) and external glass fiber reinforcement polymers (GFRP) were investigated via a quasi static three-point bending test experimentally. Moreover, bending performance under impact loading was also investigated experimentally. The results revealed that local buckling has a decisive influence on bending performance of the tube, and the contribution of inner reinforcement is more effective than outer reinforcement. The reinforcements provide 575 % and 312 % increases in bending load and impact energy, respectively. The developed plastic-metal hybrid-composite structure is promising especially for critical supporting parts in vehicles. It is thought that the combination of these materials will offer new focus of attention for designers seeking more appropriate composite beams with high bending load and impact resistance.
استخدام أسلوب التعليم التعاوني بنمودج المزاوجة الصغيرة في تعليم الحوار بالمدرسة المتوسطة الإسلامية الحكومية 2 باندونج
Authors: Fauziya Eva Lathifah , Khoirunnisa Sumayyah 
Published: June 2018

هذه الدراسة تكتشف ظاهرة تعليم الحوار في الصف الثامن بالمدرسة المتوسطة الإسلامية الحكومية 2 باندونج التى تستخدم اسلوب التعليم التعاوني بالنمودج المزاوجة الصغيرة. والهدف من هذه الدراسة هو لمعرفة كيفية استخدام نموذج التعليم التعاوني بنمودج المزاوجة الصغيرة (Learning Cell) في تعليم الحوار , ولمعرفة العناصر الداعمة التي تصبح نجاح عملية تعليم الحوار باستخدام هذا النمودج. وإن مدخل الدراسة الذي استخدمته الباحثة هو مدخل كيفي بمنهج الدراسة الحالة. و النتائج من هذه الدراسة : إن استخدام نمودج المزاوجة الصغيرة في الحوار في الفصل الثامن بمدرسة المتوسطة الاسلامية الحكومية 2 باندونج يكون ناجحا و عملية التعليم فعالة. وأما العوامل التى تدعم نجاح التعليم به وهي العوامل الداخلية والخارجية لدي المدرس والتلاميذ.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Menggunakan E Modul
Authors: Usmiarti Usmiarti 
Published: June 2018

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in the subjects of Citizenship Education with the use of emodule in class 10 ADM SMEA Budi Mulia Solok. The type of research is classroom action research with the subject of the study of Class 10 ADM SMEA Budi Mulia Solok in the even semester of the 2016/2017 Lesson Year with a total of 19 students. Techniques Data collection in this study is the test at the end of cycle 1, cycle 2 and cycle 3. Data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis technique and classical completeness. The result of the research showed that the result of the study of the students of Class 10 ADM SMEA Budi Mulia Solok after following the learning using emodule increased from cycle 1 to cycle 2 and to cycle 3 so that it can achieve classical mastery. So it can be concluded by using emodule student learning outcomes to be increased.
Keywords: learning outcomes, e-modules, civic education
Implementasi Data Mining Pemilihan Pelanggan Potensial Menggunakan Algoritma K Means
Authors: Putra Randi Rian , Wadisman Cendra 
Published: June 2018

This research was conducted to study data mining using K Means algorithm which is implemented in the selection of potential customers in MC Laundry. Data collected through observation and interviews conducted to the owner of the company concerned. Further data is analyzed to determine the data needed in the process of determining potential customers. From experiments conducted using K Means algorithm and using Tanagra Software can provide accurate results in classifying potential customers.
Keywords: Data Mining, K-Means Algorithm, Tanagra Software
Perancangan Simulasi Pembelajaran Kriptografi Klasik Menggunakan Metode Web Based Learning
Authors: Rahmadoni Jefril 
Published: June 2018

One of the main problems in the education system in Indonesia is a quality problem and the results of the learning process. This problem relates to the provision of learning materials and materials that have not been widely accessible without being limited by the constraints of distance and time. In realizing this requires a change in the paradigm of the learning process has been applied so far as implementing elearning. To achieve these objectives developed model of e learning by using web based learning. Web based learning is the learning associated with the teaching materials are presented via a web browser. Web based learning applications created using programming languages PHP and MySQL. The results of a web-based learning can facilitate students in the learning process and provide information services in understanding a material that has been displayed on web- based learning site
Keywords : E learning, Web Based Learning, Classic Cryptography
Aplikasi Pengolahan Data Surat Izin Usaha Angkutan Barang pada Kantor Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Lima puluh Kota
Authors: Nozomi Irohito , Hamzah Muhammad Luthfi 
Published: June 2018

The ability and speed of computers in processing data repeatedly and with a very large number is no doubt to produce the reports needed in the process of strategic decision-making. So at this time has been many companies and government agencies want to use computer technology to help solve their data processing problems. In the Office of Transportation of Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, the data processing business licenses have been conducted frequently, but have not obtained accurate results. This is due to the use of information technology is still very less and implemented manually. The accuracy of the data is necessary to avoid irregularities and errors in reports. Application System will be proposed later using PHP programming language and MYSQL. All data entry will be processed in a Database. Diverse data will be more easily and quickly processed in a well structured system.
Keywords :Data Processing, PHP, MYSQL
Exo-Milankovitch Cycles. II. Climates of G-dwarf Planets in Dynamically Hot Systems
Authors: Deitrick Russell , Barnes Rory , Bitz Cecilia , Fleming David , Charnay Benjamin , Meadows Victoria , Wilhelm Caitlyn , Armstrong John , Quinn Thomas R. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Using an energy balance model with ice sheets, we examine the climate response of an Earth-like planet orbiting a G-dwarf star and experiencing large orbital and obliquity variations. We find that ice caps couple strongly to the orbital forcing, leading to extreme ice ages. In contrast with previous studies, we find that such exo-Milankovitch cycles tend to impair habitability by inducing snowball states within the habitable zone. The large amplitude changes in obliquity and eccentricity cause the ice edge, the lowest-latitude extent of the ice caps, to become unstable and grow to the equator. We apply an analytical theory of the ice edge latitude to show that obliquity is the primary driver of the instability. The thermal inertia of the ice sheets and the spectral energy distribution of the G-dwarf star increase the sensitivity of the model to triggering runaway glaciation. Finally, we apply a machine learning algorithm to demonstrate how this technique can be used to extend the power of climate models. This work illustrates the importance of orbital evolution for habitability in dynamically rich planetary systems. We emphasize that as potentially habitable planets are discovered around G dwarfs, we need to consider orbital dynamics.
A Window on the Earliest Star Formation: Extreme Photoionization Conditions of a High-ionization, Low-metallicity Lensed Galaxy at z ∼ 2*
Authors: Berg Danielle A. , Erb Dawn K. , Auger Matthew W. , Pettini Max , Brammer Gabriel B. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We report new observations of SL2S J021737–051329, a lens system consisting of a bright arc at z = 1.84435, magnified ∼17× by a massive galaxy at z = 0.65. SL2S0217 is a low-mass (M < 109
M
⊙), low-metallicity (Z ∼ 1/20 Z
⊙) galaxy, with extreme star-forming conditions that produce strong nebular UV emission lines in the absence of any apparent outflows. Here we present several notable features from rest-frame UV Keck/LRIS spectroscopy: (1) Very strong narrow emission lines are measured for C iv λλ1548, 1550, He ii λ1640, O iii] λλ1661, 1666, Si iii] λλ1883, 1892, and C iii] λλ1907, 1909. (2) Double-peaked Lyα emission is observed with a dominant blue peak and centered near the systemic velocity. (3) The low- and high-ionization absorption features indicate very little or no outflowing gas along the sight line to the lensed galaxy. The relative emission-line strengths can be reproduced with a very high ionization, low-metallicity starburst with binaries, with the exception of He ii, which indicates that an additional ionization source is needed. We rule out large contributions from active galactic nuclei and shocks to the photoionization budget, suggesting that the emission features requiring the hardest radiation field likely result from extreme stellar populations that are beyond the capabilities of current models. Therefore, SL2S0217 serves as a template for the extreme conditions that are important for reionization and thought to be more common in the early universe.
GRB 120729A: External Shock Origin for Both the Prompt Gamma-Ray Emission and Afterglow
Authors: Huang Li-Ye , Wang Xiang-Gao , Zheng WeiKang , Liang En-Wei , Lin Da-bin , Zhong Shu-Qing , Zhang Hai-Ming , Huang Xiao-Li , Filippenko Alexei V. , Zhang Bing 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Gamma-ray burst (GRB) 120729A was detected by Swift/BAT and Fermi/GBM, and then rapidly observed by Swift/XRT, Swift/UVOT, and ground-based telescopes. It had a single long and smooth γ-ray emission pulse, which extends continuously to the X-rays. We report Lick/KAIT observations of the source, and make temporal and spectral joint fits of the multiwavelength light curves of GRB 120729A. It exhibits achromatic light-curve behavior, consistent with the predictions of the external shock model. The light curves are decomposed into four typical phases: onset bump (Phase I), normal decay (Phase II), shallow decay (Phase III), and post-jet break (Phase IV). The spectral energy distribution (SED) evolves from prompt γ-ray emission to the afterglow with a photon index from Γ
γ
= 1.36 to Γ ≈ 1.75. There is no obvious evolution of the SED during the afterglow. The multiwavelength light curves from γ-ray to optical can be well modeled with an external shock by considering energy injection, and a time-dependent microphysics model with

ϵ

B

∝

t

α

B

for the emission at early times,

T
<

T

0

+
157

s

. Therefore, we conclude that both the prompt γ-ray emission and afterglow of GRB 120729A have the same external shock physical origin. Our model indicates that the ϵ

B
evolution can be described as a broken power-law function with α

B,1 = 0.18 ± 0.04 and α

B,2 = 0.84 ± 0.04. We also systematically investigate single-pulse GRBs in the Swift era, finding that only a small fraction of GRBs (GRBs 120729A, 051111, and 070318) are likely to originate from an external shock for both the prompt γ-ray emission and afterglow.
The Anatomy of the Column Density Probability Distribution Function (N-PDF)
Authors: Chen Hope How-Huan , Burkhart Blakesley , Goodman Alyssa , Collins David C. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The column density probability distribution function (N-PDF) of Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) has been used as a diagnostic of star formation. Simulations and analytic predictions have suggested that the N-PDF is composed of a low-density lognormal component and a high-density power-law component tracing turbulence and gravitational collapse, respectively. In this paper, we study how various properties of the true 2D column density distribution create the shape, or “anatomy,” of the PDF. We test our ideas and analytic approaches using both a real, observed PDF based on Herschel observations of dust emission and a simulation that uses the ENZO code. Using a dendrogram analysis, we examine the three main components of the N-PDF: the lognormal component, the power-law component, and the transition point between these two components. We find that the power-law component of an N-PDF is the summation of N-PDFs of power-law substructures identified by the dendrogram algorithm. We also find that the analytic solution to the transition point between lognormal and power-law components proposed by Burkhart et al. is applicable when tested on observations and simulations, within the uncertainties. Based on the resulting anatomy of the N-PDF, we suggest applying the N-PDF analysis in combination with the dendrogram algorithm to obtain a more complete picture of the global and local environments and their effects on the density structures.
Small-scale Dynamo Simulations: Magnetic Field Amplification in Exploding Granules and the Role of Deep and Shallow Recirculation
Authors: Rempel M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We analyze recent high-resolution photospheric small-scale dynamo simulations that were computed with the MURaM radiative MHD code. We focus our analysis on newly forming downflow lanes in exploding granules, as they show how weakly magnetized regions in the photosphere (the center of granules) evolve into strongly magnetized regions (downflow lanes). We find that newly formed downflow lanes initially exhibit mostly a laminar converging flow that amplifies the vertical magnetic field embedded in the granule from a few 10 G to field strengths exceeding 800 G. This results in extended magnetic sheets that have a length comparable to granular scales. Field amplification by turbulent shear first happens a few 100 km beneath the visible layers of the photosphere. Shallow recirculation transports the resulting turbulent field into the photosphere within minutes, after which the newly formed downflow lane shows a mix of strong magnetic sheets and turbulent field components. We stress in particular the role of shallow and deep recirculation for the organization and strength of magnetic field in the photosphere and discuss the photospheric and sub-photospheric energy conversion associated with the small-scale dynamo process. While the energy conversion through the Lorentz force depends only weakly on the saturation field strength (and therefore deep or shallow recirculation), it is strongly dependent on the magnetic Prandtl number. We discuss the potential of these findings for further constraining small-scale dynamo models through high-resolution observations.