bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and Yield of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) as Influenced by Different Levels of Kalli Organic Fertilizer on the Jos Plateau
Authors: Umar U. M. , Ibrahim, Iro I. , Obidola S. M. 
Published: September 2019

Aims: To determine the effect of Kalli organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of radish.
Study Design: The experimental design used for this study was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of four (4) treatments (0, 400, 500 and 600 kgha-1) which were replicated four (4) times.
Place and Duration of the Study: The experiment was conducted at Federal College of Forestry Jos, Plateau State located in the North Central part of Nigeria between September – October, 2018.
Methods: Soil samples were collected and analysed. Agronomic practices such as land preparation, planting, fertilizer application, weeding and harvesting were also carried out. The data was collected on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of roots, length of roots, diameter of roots, root weight and root yield. Data collected was analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Minitab 23 statistical package at 5% level of probability and where significance was determined Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to separate the means.
Results: The findings from this research work revealed that there was no significant effect of Kalli organic fertilizer on the plant height, number of leaves. But the leaf area was found to be significant (p=0.05) at 8WAP with the application of 600 kgha-1 recording the largest (143.30 cm2) leaf. The number of roots, length of roots, weight of root and total yield was found to be significant (P=0.05) on the application of different levels of Kalli organic fertilizer. The application of 600 kgha-1 produced the highest number (35.50) of radish roots, length (24.83 cm) of radish roots, weight (7.20 kg) of radish and total yield (18000 kgha-1) of Radish.
Conclusion: Based on this research study it could be concluded that the application of Kalli (600 kgha-1) organic fertilizer significantly increased the yield of Radish. It is therefore recommended that organic fertilizer can be applied for optimum production of Radish.
Efficacy of Candidate Herbicides for Post- Emergence Weed Control in Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)
Authors: Aluko O. A. 
Published: September 2019

Post emergence application of herbicides reduced weed growth, enhanced kenaf agronomic traits and fibre yield. A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of some herbicide formulations for post emergence weed control in kenaf at Ibadan (0.7.38N; 003.84E- Derived savanna agro-ecology) station of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), Obafemi Awolowo University, Ibadan in 2016 and 2017 rainy seasons. Herbicides applied were Quazilofop-P-ethyl (100, 150, 200 ml/ha), Oxyfluorfen (0.96, 1.20 and 1.44 kg ai/ha) and Fluazifop-p-butyl 150, 225 and 300 g ai/ha) at three rates each, while weed-free and weedy were the control treatments. Weed flora composition before land preparation was dominated by annual weeds; broadleaves (70%), grass (20%) and spiderwort (10%). At 10 weeks after sowing (WAS), weed flora composition comprised of 64% broadleaf, 14% grass, 8% spiderwort and 14% sedge. Weed flora dynamics after treatments application might have been influenced by herbicide formulations applied. Oldenlandia corymbusa, Cyperus escunlentus, Desmodium scorpurus and Cyperus rotundus were identified as prevalent weeds across the treatments applied while Mimosa pudica, was a minor weed. Herbicides improved kenaf agronomic traits (plant height, stem-butt girth and number of leaves/plant) due to minimal weed competition; reduced weed flora composition and weed weight relative to weed infested kenaf plants in weedy control. Oxyfluorfen (0.96, 1.20 and 1.44 kg ai/ha); fluazilof-p-butyl (225 and 300 g ai/ha); Quazilofop-P-ethyl (100 and 200 ml/ha) reduced weed dry weight by 60-70%. Weed-free plots had the highest weed control efficiency (WCE %). Evidently, acceptable WCE of ≥ 80% and comparable gross fibre yield with the maximum in weed-free recorded in Oxyfluorfen (1.20 and 1.44 kg ai/ha) and Fluazilofop-p-butyl (300 g ai/ha) showed their efficacies. However, low WCE 50 -65% in Quazilofop-p-ethyl (100, 150, 200 ml/ha) might reflected a review of the doses applied for better efficacy. Kenaf gross fibre yield was reduced by 65% in the weedy check plot, due to superior weed infestation and utmost weed dry weight accumulation. Notwithstanding, the benefit-cost ratio and environmental impact assessment of the study must be carried out for economically viable kenaf production and environmental friendliness.
Antibiotic Resistance and Production of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases by Clinical Gram-negative Bacteria in Benin
Authors: Moussé Wassiyath , Sina Haziz , Mama-Sirou Ibrahima A. , Anago Eugénie , Dah-Nouvlessounon Durand , N’Tcha Christine , Bade Farid , Anagonou Sévérin , Adjanohoun Adolphe , Baba-Moussa Lamine 
Published: September 2019

Aims: The aim of this work was to determine the resistance profile and to investigate the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) by clinically relevant Gram-negative Bacillus (GNB) strains.
Methodology: About 191 strains were isolated from 1823 samples collected at the HKM National Hospital and University Center of Cotonou (Benin). Species identification was done with the Api 20th gallery. Two methods were used to search for β-lactamase production: the liquid acidimetric test for penicillinases and double halo method for ESBL. The susceptibility to conventional antibiotic molecules was investigated by the disk diffusion method. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to identify blaTEM and blaSHV genes in the β-lactamases.
Results: A prevalence of 10.48% of GNB was recorded. Among the isolated strains, 51.31% came from samples collected from in-patients and 48.69% from out-patients’ samples. The most contaminated samples were urine (43.98%), pus (34.58%) and blood (9.42%). Majority of the isolated species included: Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.27%), Acinetobacter spp. (18.32%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.72%), Escherichia coli (14.15%) and Enterobacter cloacae (12.04%). More than the half (57.07%) of the strains produced penicillinases; whereas 16.76% were ESBL-producers and these occurred only among Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter agglomerans. The ESBL-producing strains were cross-resistant to beta-lactams. Imipenem is the most effective antibiotic on all isolated strains. ESBL-producing GNB strains possessed both the blaTEM gene and the blaSHV gene in a proportion of 25%; 37.5% of the strains had only the blaTEM gene and 12.5% of the strains had only the blaSHV gene.
Conclusion: ESBL-producing strains of K. pneumonia in the hospital environment were the major carriers of blaTEM and blaSHV. Given this situation, it is necessary to continue research to identify resistance genes.
Cross-reaction of angioedema with clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine: A case report
Authors: Williams Gabriela D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Angioedema is characterized by marked swelling of the subcutaneous or submucosal tissue and may affect various parts of the body, including the face, mouth, and extremities. Angioedema has specifically been associated with the use of several antipsychotic agents, including clozapine, olanzapine, iloperidone, haloperidol, quetiapine, paliperidone, ziprasidone, risperidone, and chlorpromazine. A 67-year-old African American male with a past medical history significant for hypertension, coronary artery disease requiring stent placement, mitral insufficiency, hyperlipidemia, tobacco use disorder, and schizophrenia presented with altered mental status and disorientation in the setting of clozapine nonadherence, which prompted acute hospitalization for clozapine reinitiation. During clozapine titration, the patient developed edema, erythema, and pruritus on his face and arms along with lip swelling characteristic of angioedema. Upon discontinuation of clozapine, the patient was trialed on several other antipsychotic medications to help manage acute psychosis and subsequently developed angioedema symptoms with trials of both olanzapine and quetiapine. Following these 3 distinct events of angioedema, the clinical decision was made to no longer trial atypical antipsychotics for the patient, and loxapine was cautiously initiated. The patient responded well to loxapine and continued to tolerate loxapine therapy for years. This case report identifies angioedema cross-reaction linked with 3 second-generation antipsychotics. Given the potentially life-threatening nature of angioedema, awareness of recurrent angioedema should be undertaken when trialing antipsychotics following an episode of angioedema correlated to antipsychotic use, particularly when trialing antipsychotics from the same generation and with similar chemical structures.
Modulated Fe Central Spin State in FeCu4 Alloy Nanoparticles for Efficient and Selective Activation of H2O2
Authors: Li Jialu , Zheng Wenwen , Meng Suhang , Wang Siyu , Zhan Sihui , Sun Yajing , Hu Wenping , Li Yi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn advanced oxidation processes, the efficient activation of H2O2 and the selective production of reactive oxygen species are the key steps to achieve the removal of organic pollutants in the water environment. Studies have shown that the precise regulation of catalyst metal active sites can break through the limitation of H2O2 activation and realize the efficient selective conversion of H2O2. Therefore, FeCu bimetallic active sites are developed by constructing FeCu4 alloy nanocluster metal catalyst (FeCu/NC). The introduction of Cu metal sites realized charge redistribution, promoted rapid electron transfer, reduced the spin state of Fe in the catalyst, diminished the interaction between Fe and O, weakened the strong and persistent adsorption between Fe center and *H2O2, lowered the energy barrier of intermediate products in hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generation process, achieved efficient activation of H2O2 and selective generation of ·OH. In addition, a complete electron circulation path is formed between FeCu active sites and the substrate, breaking the contradiction between single metal and H2O2 redox relationship, promoting efficient reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+. The first‐order kinetic constant (kobs) of FeCu/NC is 0.081 min−1, which is 3.68 and 7.36 times higher than those of single Fe metal species (FeFe/NC) and single Cu metal species (CuCu/NC) catalysts, respectively, and has excellent catalytic performance).
Recent Progress in Cobalt‐Based Electrocatalysts for Efficient Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction Reaction
Authors: Meng Xiangfei , Tan Xinyi , Ma Yan , Obisanya Adekunle Adedapo , Wang Jianren , Xiao Zhourong , Wang Desong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR) provides a sustainable and efficient way to producing ammonia at ambient condition and denitrifying wastewater. However, NO3−RR is still confronted with some barriers at present, because of the sluggish reaction kinetics and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Particularly, it requires highly robust and selective electrocatalysts, which steers the complex multistep reactions toward NO3−RR process. Among the various electrocatalysts, Co‐based electrocatalysts demonstrate a rapid reaction kinetics, steady catalytic performance, and suppressive impact on HER for NO3−RR, attracting more attention. In this review, it is focused on Cobalt‐based electrocatalysts design for NO3−RR and the corresponding design strategies are summarized. In detail, these can be concisely classified into five categories, including the Co‐based oxides and hydroxides, alloys, metal, and heteroatom‐doped materials, metal organic frameworks and derivatives. Each category is extensively discussed, with its design concepts and ideas clearly conveyed through appropriate illustrations and figures. Finally, the scientific and technological challenges as well as promising constructing strategies for NO3−RR system in the future are discussed. It is expected that this review can provide valuable insights and guidance into rational design of Co‐based electrocatalysts for NO3−RR, ultimately advancing their applications to industrial scenario with high current density, stability, and energy efficiency.
Manipulating Electron‐Phonon Coupling for Efficient Tin Halide Perovskite Blue LEDs
Authors: Han Ying , Guo Zhenyu , Liu Shaocheng , Wu Yuetong , Li Xudong , Cui Guangyao , Zhou Shizhe , Zhou Huanping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLow‐dimensional perovskites have opened up a new frontier in light‐emitting diodes (LED) due to their excellent properties. However, concerns regarding the potential toxicity of Pb limited their commercial development. Sn‐based perovskites are regarded as a promising candidate to replace Pb‐based counterparts, while they generally exhibit strong electron–phonon coupling and consequently blue emission quenching at room temperature (RT), thus the Sn‐based perovskite blue LED devices have not yet been reported. Herein, the luminescence properties are regulated by assembling a rigid organic skeleton within perovskite structure, and the protonated 4‐bromobenzylamine (BrPMA+ = C7H9BrN+) is employed as A site cation to synthesize a 100‐oriented 2D perovskite (BrPMA)2SnBr4, which exhibits a strong lattice rigidity via strong intermolecular interaction and consequently weak electron–phonon coupling, achieving the excellent blue PL emission at RT. The high quality (BrPMA)2SnBr4 perovskite thin films are obtained by further inhibiting oxidation and promoting crystallization. Finally, the Sn‐based perovskite blue emission LED is successfully fabricated for the first time at 467 nm with a champion EQE of 1.3% and a maximum brightness of 800 cd m−2. This work gives insights into the luminescence mechanism of Sn‐based perovskites and provides a new theoretical basis for the development of lead‐free blue LEDs.
Tissue Like Density Sheets of Hepatoblastoma Cultures Obtained with Thin Suspended Hydrogels Mimicking In Vivo Inter‐Capillary Distances
Authors: Jönsson Alexander , Gürbüz Hakan , Wildfang Louise , Jensen Pernille Rose , Dufva Martin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHere a fabrication method is demonstrated that allows for the production of hydrogels in the ranges of 50–500 µm, suspended in polystyrene (PS) inserts, to mimic various inter‐capillary in vivo distances. The inherent thinning properties of vacuum forming, together with liquid pinning in apertures, are utilized to reproducibly obtain suspended gels with controlled thicknesses down to ≈50 µm. Transport through the gels is simulated for two model compounds and 50 µm gels are shown to allow for up to three times higher basolateral concentration than for 500 µm gels, after 1 h. HepG2 cells, encased in 50 µm gels, grow to cell densities of 1000 ± 400 million cells mL−1, that is, close to in vivo tissue densities. By contrast, 200 and 500 µm gels support cell densities of 180 and 50 million cells mL−1, respectively. The observed maximum cell densities correlate with expected cell densities, estimated by simulation of O2 diffusion and metabolism. In conclusion, thin suspended hydrogels provide means to mimic a variety of inter‐capillary distances and enable the development of high‐density cell cultures.
Electrical Control of Electroluminescence in 2D Semiconductor Light Emitting Device through Synchronous Injection of Electrons and Holes
Authors: Konthoujam James Singh , Lin Yen‐Shou , Chen Zheng‐Zhe , Chang Chiao‐Yun , Zhang Yu‐Wei , Lin Shih‐Yen , Lien Der‐Hsien , Kuo Hao‐Chung , Shih Min‐Hsiung 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAchieving efficient electroluminescence (EL) in 2D materials requires precise control over the injection and recombination of charge carriers—electrons and holes. In this study, a method is introduced to improve charge carrier injection in using transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) based light emitting devices driven by alternating current (AC), achieved through dual pulse injection. The dual pulse device exhibits a notable enhancement in EL intensity, displaying a substantial increase as compared to the single pulse device, achieving an approximate sixfold improvement. The proposed dual pulse operated device configuration enables the independent control of electron and hole injection, facilitating the fine‐tuning of carrier recombination processes to improve the EL emission efficiency. Phase delay dependent EL characteristics are observed featuring a maximum integrated EL at a phase delay of 180° indicating an enhanced EL emission during out‐of‐phase pulse operation between the electrodes. Moreover, the dual pulse device exhibited a ≈3.5‐fold improvement in the device EL external efficiency (ηe) when compared to the device operated with a single pulse. Manipulating carrier recombination in TMDCs‐based LEDs opens up new opportunities to enhance their performance, enabling practical applications in display technology, lighting, optical communication, and electrically tunable light sources.
Realistic Estimation of Critical Exponents for Predicting the Magnetocaloric Effect in La0.7Sr0.3–xSmxMn0.95Ni0.05O3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) Manganites
Authors: Hammami Hanen , Amairia Chahra 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this article, is introduce a calculation approach derived from integrating the Landau theory with the Arrott–Noakes equation. Employing a creative formulation, is conduct simulations to explore the magnetic entropy change, within a random ferromagnetic system. This theoretical approach is used for the examination of a given La0.7Sr0.3–xSmxMn0.95Ni0.05O3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) manganites. Initially, the critical exponents (𝛾; 𝛽) of these compounds are estimated. It has been noted that the magnetic behavior of the examined materials near the phase transition deviate from the standard patterns observed in typical universality classes. Subsequently, these exponents are exploited to simulate the isothermal curves under higher magnetic fields. The predicted relative cooling power values reach 420.3, 415.7, 412.5, and 408.4 J.kg−1K−1 under 10 T applied magnetic field for La0.7Sr0.3–xSmxMn0.95Ni0.05O3 with x = 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15, respectively.
Improving the Thermoelectric Properties of Conjugated Polymer Thin Films by Dip Coating – but not through Alignment
Authors: Shokrani Morteza , Butkevich Andrey Alekseevich , Kemerink Martijn 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOrganic semiconductors (OSC) are of great current interest for thermoelectric (TE) applications due to their inherently low thermal conductivity and good Seebeck coefficient. However, reaching competitive figures of merit has proven difficult due to the common trade‐off between conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. Previously, dip coating has been proposed to enhance the TE performance by aligning the molecules during the deposition from solution. The effect of the Landau–Levich and evaporation regimes on the TE properties of a prototypical polymer/dopant material system is analyzed. Dip coated films are characterized for different doping concentrations and dip coating velocities. Clearly separated evaporation and Landau–Levich regimes are established via film thickness measurements. A strong beneficial effect of dip coating is measured both in conductivity and Seebeck coefficient for lower dip coating speeds, leading to a clear increase in the power factor (PF) compared to both spin coated films and higher dip coating speeds. Intriguingly, no morphologies with aligned polymers are observed via polarization microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and optical spectroscopy, which is taken to imply that the observed TE performance is not due to uniaxial alignment but predominantly to an overall better, but still isotropic packing.
A multi‐view learning approach with diffusion model to synthesize FDG PET from MRI T1WI for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chen Ke , Weng Ying , Huang Yueqin , Zhang Yiming , Dening Tom , Hosseini Akram A. , Xiao Weizhong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThis study presents a novel multi‐view learning approach for machine learning (ML)–based Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis.METHODSA diffusion model is proposed to synthesize the fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) view from the magnetic resonance imaging T1 weighted imaging (MRI T1WI) view and incorporate two synthesis strategies: one‐way synthesis and two‐way synthesis. To assess the utility of the synthesized views, we use multilayer perceptron (MLP)–based classifiers with various combinations of the views.RESULTSThe two‐way synthesis achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance with a structural similarity index measure (SSIM) at 0.9380 and a peak‐signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) at 26.47. The one‐way synthesis achieves an SSIM at 0.9282 and a PSNR at 23.83. Both synthesized FDG PET views have shown their effectiveness in improving diagnostic accuracy.DISCUSSIONThis work supports the notion that ML‐based cross‐domain data synthesis can be a useful approach to improve AD diagnosis by providing additional synthesized disease‐related views for multi‐view learning.Highlights
We propose a diffusion model with two strategies to synthesize fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) from magnetic resonance imaging T1 weighted imaging (MRI T1WI).
We raise multi‐view learning with MRl T1Wl and synthesized FDG PET for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis.
We provide a comprehensive experimental comparison for the synthesized FDG PET view.
The feasibility of synthesized FDG PET view in AD diagnosis is validated with various experiments.
We demonstrate the ability of synthesized FDG PET to enhance the performance of machine learning–based AD diagnosis.
One‐Step Focusing of Ampholytes With Electrophoretic Mobilization: Concepts Assessed by Computer Simulation
Authors: Thormann Wolfgang , Mosher Richard A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe dynamics of three one‐step focusing protocols described in the literature for IEF‐MS analyses of proteins are assessed by computer simulation. Focusing of 101 carrier ampholytes (pI range 3.0–11.0) and 9 analytes (pI range 3.9–10.4) with concurrent electrophoretic mobilization in an electroosmosis‐free environment is studied via use of the following: (1) an acid as anolyte and catholyte, (2) a plug of a base between the sample and the acid as catholyte, and (3) a base incorporated into the acid‐based catholyte. The data reveal that the first approach is of limited applicability and separation efficiency as it provides separated transient foci of acidic ampholytes only. The second system largely extends the applicability range, separation, and sensitivity and can be applied to ampholytes with pIs as high as 10. The same is true with the base incorporated into the catholyte. Dynamic simulation provides for the first time insight into the complexity of these one‐step focusing systems with buffer components that are compatible with MS detection. Simulation is an attractive and simple tool for characterization of the involved electrophoretic processes and for assay optimization.