bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide analyses of psychological resilience in U.S. Army soldiers
Authors: Stein Murray B. , Choi Karmel W. , Jain Sonia , Campbell‐Sills Laura , Chen Chia‐Yen , Gelernter Joel , He Feng , Heeringa Steven G. , Maihofer Adam X. , Nievergelt Caroline , Nock Matthew K. , Ripke Stephan , Sun Xiaoying , Kessler Ronald C. , Smoller Jordan W. , Ursano Robert J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThough a growing body of preclinical and translational research is illuminating a biological basis for resilience to stress, little is known about the genetic basis of psychological resilience in humans. We conducted genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) of self‐assessed (by questionnaire) and outcome‐based (incident mental disorders from predeployment to postdeployment) resilience among European (EUR) ancestry soldiers in the Army study to assess risk and resilience in servicemembers. Self‐assessed resilience (N = 11,492) was found to have significant common‐variant heritability (h2 = 0.162, se = 0.050, p = 5.37 × 10−4), and to be significantly negatively genetically correlated with neuroticism (rg = −0.388, p = .0092). GWAS results from the EUR soldiers revealed a genome‐wide significant locus on an intergenic region on Chr 4 upstream from doublecortin‐like kinase 2 (DCLK2) (four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LD; top SNP: rs4260523 [p = 5.65 × 10−9] is an eQTL in frontal cortex), a member of the doublecortin family of kinases that promote survival and regeneration of injured neurons. A second gene, kelch‐like family member 36 (KLHL36) was detected at gene‐wise genome‐wide significance [p = 1.89 × 10−6]. A polygenic risk score derived from the self‐assessed resilience GWAS was not significantly associated with outcome‐based resilience. In very preliminary results, genome‐wide significant association with outcome‐based resilience was found for one locus (top SNP: rs12580015 [p = 2.37 × 10−8]) on Chr 12 downstream from solute carrier family 15 member 5 (SLC15A5) in subjects (N = 581) exposed to the highest level of deployment stress. The further study of genetic determinants of resilience has the potential to illuminate the molecular bases of stress‐related psychopathology and point to new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Small to modest impact of social group on the gut microbiome of wild Costa Rican capuchins in a seasonal forest
Authors: Orkin Joseph Daniel , Webb Shasta Ellen , Melin Amanda Dawn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe horizontal transmission of pathogenic and beneficial microbes has implications for health and development of socially living animals. Social group is repeatedly implicated as an important predictor of gut microbiome structure among primates, with individuals in neighboring social groups exhibiting distinct microbiomes. Here we examine whether group membership is a predictor of gut microbiome structure and diversity across three groups of white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus imitator) inhabiting a seasonal Costa Rican forest. We collected 62 fecal samples from 18 adult females during four sampling bouts. Sampling bouts spanned the dry‐to‐wet‐to‐dry seasonal transitions. To investigate gut microbial composition, we sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. We used the DADA2 pipeline to assign amplicon sequence variants and the RDP database to classify taxa. Our findings are: 1) gut microbiomes of capuchins clustered by social group in the late dry season, but this pattern was less evident in other sampling bouts; 2) social group was a significant variable in a PERMANOVA test of beta diversity, but it accounted for less variation than season; 3) social group was not an important predictor of abundance for the ten most abundant microbial taxa in capuchins; 4) when examining log2‐fold abundances of microbes between social groups, there were significant differences in some pairwise comparisons. While this is suggestive of group‐wide differences, individual variation may have a strong impact and should be assessed in future studies. Overall, we found a minor impact of social group membership on the gut microbiota of wild white‐faced capuchins. Future research including home range overlap and resource use, as well as fine‐scale investigation of individual variation, will further elucidate patterns of socially structured microbes.
Synthesis of Nitrile‐Bearing Quaternary Centers by an Equilibrium‐Driven Transnitrilation and Anion‐Relay Strategy
Authors: Alazet Sébastien , West Michael S. , Patel Purvish , Rousseaux Sophie A. L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe efficient preparation of nitrile‐containing building blocks is of interest due to their utility as synthetic intermediates and their prevalence in pharmaceuticals. As a result, significant efforts have been made to develop methods to access these motifs which rely on safer and non‐toxic sources of CN. Herein, we report that 2‐methyl‐2‐phenylpropanenitrile is an efficient, non‐toxic, electrophilic CN source for the synthesis of nitrile‐bearing quaternary centers by a thermodynamic transnitrilation and anion‐relay strategy. This one‐pot process leads to nitrile products resulting from the gem‐difunctionalization of alkyl lithium reagents.
Stabilized Gallylene in a Pincer‐Type Ligand: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of PGaIP‐Ir Complexes
Authors: Saito Narumasa , Takaya Jun , Iwasawa Nobuharu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIridium complexes having a pincer‐type gallylene ligand were successfully synthesized utilizing bis(phosphino)terpyridine as an efficient scaffold for the Ir−GaI bond. The stabilization of the gallylene moiety by the pincer‐type structure enabled various reactions at Ir with keeping the gallylene ligand intact, leading to unique structures and reactivities of PGaIP−Ir complexes.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Aromatization Reaction
Authors: Liu Xi‐Jia , Zheng Chao , Yang Yi‐Han , Jin Shicheng , You Shu‐Li 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDescribed herein is an asymmetric allylic aromatization (AAAr) strategy that employs readily accessible equivalents of benzylic nucleophiles in iridium‐catalyzed allylic substitution reactions with the concomitant formation of aromatic rings by aromatization. The optimized reaction conditions involving a catalyst derived from a commercially available iridium precursor and the Carreira ligand are compatible with equivalents of benzylic nucleophiles derived from 4‐ or 5‐methyloxazoles, 5‐methylthiazoles, 4‐ or 5‐methylfurans, 2‐ or 3‐methylbenzofurans, 3‐methylbenzothiophene, 3‐methylindole, 1‐methylnaphthalene, and methylbenzene. This strategy provides straightforward accesses to valuable heterocyclic aromatic compounds, bearing a homobenzylic stereogenic center, in an enantiopure form and would be difficult to access otherwise. The versatility of the reaction was showcased by the further elaboration of the products into useful building blocks and a drug analogue.
Emergency department utilization and monetary charges in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and a population comparison group
Authors: Hand Brittany N. , Boan Andrea D. , Bradley Catherine C. , Charles Jane M. , Carpenter Laura Arnstein 
Published: May 2019

Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or intellectual disability (ID) may utilize the emergency department (ED) more frequently than individuals in the general population. This study compared ED utilization and charges during adolescence among four groups of individuals: ASD‐only, ASD + ID, ID‐only, and a population comparison (PC) group. ED visits occurring during age 12–17 years were examined to identify non, low, and high utilizers. Logistic regression was used to compare groups on the odds of having at least one ED visit during adolescence. Generalized linear models were used to compare groups on number of ED visits and total charges, stratified by low and high ED utilization. Descriptive examination of presenting diagnoses was performed. Individuals with ID, with or without co‐occurring ASD, were significantly more likely to have at least one ED visit during adolescence. Among high ED utilizers, the ID‐only group had the most frequent ED visits but had significantly lower charges than the ASD‐only group. Individuals with ASD‐only and ASD + ID differed from the ID‐only and PC groups in presenting diagnoses. No differences between groups in number of ED visits or charges were observed among low utilizers. ID, with or without ASD, increased the odds of visiting the ED during adolescence. Adolescents with ID‐only had the most frequent ED visits, but individuals with ASD‐only had the highest ED charges and tended to be seen for psychiatric concerns. Further research is warranted to better characterize and meet the healthcare needs of individuals with ASD and/or ID during adolescence. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1129–1138. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryFrequent emergency department (ED) visits strain medical resources and are costlier than primary and urgent care. Our findings show that adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) may use the ED frequently for nonurgent conditions. Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, without ID, use the ED less frequently but incur higher charges. Further research is needed to understand how to meet the unique needs of these populations in primary care to prevent overuse of the ED.
Bioluminescence properties of Thelepus japonicus (Annelida: Terebelliformia)
Authors: Kin Ikuhiko , Jimi Naoto , Oba Yuichi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTerebelliformia is a benthic group of marine annelid worms. The bioluminescence of several species has been reported in taxonomical and histological literature, but very little information is known about the biochemical aspects of this phenomenon. In this study, we examined the basic properties of the luminescence system using an extract of the Japanese terebelliform worm, Thelepus japonicus. The bioluminescence extract was soluble in water, and emitted blue‐green light at λmax 508 nm following the addition of divalent cations. This triggering action was highly specific to Fe2+ and addition of ATP, H2O2 or coelenterazine did not enhance activity. The bioluminescence was inactivated by heat treatment and organic solvents, indicating the involvement of a protein component. These results suggested that Thelepus worm produces light using a novel system that differs from that in other known luminescent annelids.
DNA‐Mediated Self‐Assembly and Metallization of Semiconductor Nanorods for the Fabrication of Nanoelectronic Interfaces
Authors: Weichelt Richard , Ye Jingjing , Banin Uri , Eychmüller Alexander , Seidel Ralf 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDNA nanostructures provide a powerful platform for the programmable assembly of nanomaterials. Here, this approach is extended to semiconductor nanorods that possess interesting electrical properties and could be utilized for the bottom‐up fabrication of nanoelectronic building blocks. The assembly scheme is based on an efficient DNA functionalization of the nanorods. A complete coverage of the rod surface with DNA ensures a high colloidal stability while maintaining the rod size and shape. It furthermore supports the assembly of the nanorods at defined docking positions of a DNA origami platform with binding efficiencies of up to 90 % as well as the formation of nanorod dimers with defined relative orientations. By incorporating orthogonal binding sites for gold nanoparticles, defined metal‐semiconductor heterostructures can be fabricated. Subsequent application of a seeded growth procedure onto the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) allows for to establish a direct metal‐semiconductor interface as a crucial basis for the integration of semiconductors in self‐assembled nanoelectronic devices.
On‐Surface Synthesis of One‐Dimensional Carbon‐Based Nanostructures via C−X and C−H Activation Reactions
Authors: Kang Faming , Xu Wei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe past decades have witnessed the emergence of low‐dimensional carbon‐based nanostructures owing to their unique properties and various subsequent applications. It is of fundamental importance to explore ways to achieve atomically precise fabrication of these interesting structures. The newly developed on‐surface synthesis approach provides an efficient strategy for this challenging issue, demonstrating the potential of atomically precise preparation of low‐dimensional nanostructures. Up to now, the formation of various surface nanostructures, especially carbon‐based ones, such as graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), kinds of organic (organometallic) chains and films, have been achieved via on‐surface synthesis strategy, in which in‐depth understanding of the reaction mechanism has also been explored. This review article will provide a general overview on the formation of one‐dimensional carbon‐based nanostructures via on‐surface synthesis method. In this review, only a part of the on‐surface chemical reactions (specifically, C−X (X=Cl, Br, I) and C−H activation reactions) under ultra‐high vacuum conditions will be covered.
Lipid‐Based Quaternary Ammonium Sophorolipid Amphiphiles with Antimicrobial and Transfection Activities
Authors: Delbeke Elisabeth I. P. , Everaert Jonas , Lozach Olivier , Le Gall Tony , Berchel Mathieu , Montier Tristan , Jaffrès Paul‐Alain , Rigole Petra , Coenye Tom , Brennich Martha , Baccile Niki , Roelants Sophie L. K. W. , Soetaert Wim , Van Bogaert Inge N. A. , Van Geem Kevin M. , Stevens Christian V. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwelve new quaternary ammonium sophorolipids with long alkyl chains on the nitrogen atom were synthesized starting from oleic and petroselinic acid‐based sophorolipids. These novel derivatives were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against selected Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria and their transfection efficacies on three different eukaryotic cell lines in vitro as good activities were demonstrated for previously synthesized derivatives. Self‐assembly properties were also evaluated. All compounds proved to possess antimicrobial and transfection properties, and trends could be observed based on the length of the nitrogen substituent and the total length of the sophorolipid tail. Moreover, all long‐chain quaternary ammonium sophorolipids form micelles, which proved to be a prerequisite to induce antimicrobial activity and transfection capacity. These results are promising for future healthcare applications of long‐chained quaternary ammonium sophorolipids.
Label‐Free Identification of White Blood Cells Using Machine Learning
Authors: Nassar Mariam , Doan Minh , Filby Andrew , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Fogg Darin K. , Piasecka Justyna , Thornton Catherine A. , Carpenter Anne E. , Summers Huw D. , Rees Paul , Hennig Holger 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhite blood cell (WBC) differential counting is an established clinical routine to assess patient immune system status. Fluorescent markers and a flow cytometer are required for the current state‐of‐the‐art method for determining WBC differential counts. However, this process requires several sample preparation steps and may adversely disturb the cells. We present a novel label‐free approach using an imaging flow cytometer and machine learning algorithms, where live, unstained WBCs were classified. It achieved an average F1‐score of 97% and two subtypes of WBCs, B and T lymphocytes, were distinguished from each other with an average F1‐score of 78%, a task previously considered impossible for unlabeled samples. We provide an open‐source workflow to carry out the procedure. We validated the WBC analysis with unstained samples from 85 donors. The presented method enables robust and highly accurate identification of WBCs, minimizing the disturbance to the cells and leaving marker channels free to answer other biological questions. It also opens the door to employing machine learning for liquid biopsy, here, using the rich information in cell morphology for a wide range of diagnostics of primary blood. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Vangl2 coordinates cell rearrangements during gut elongation
Authors: Dush Michael K. , Nascone‐Yoder Nanette M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe embryonic gut tube undergoes extensive lengthening to generate the surface area required for nutrient absorption across the digestive epithelium. In Xenopus, narrowing and elongation of the tube is driven by radial rearrangements of its core of endoderm cells, a process that concomitantly opens the gut lumen and facilitates epithelial morphogenesis. How endoderm rearrangements are properly oriented and coordinated to achieve this complex morphogenetic outcome is unknown.ResultsWe find that, prior to gut elongation, the core Wnt/PCP component Vangl2 becomes enriched at both the anterior and apical aspects of individual endoderm cells. In Vangl2‐depleted guts, the cells remain unpolarized, down‐regulate cell‐cell adhesion proteins, and, consequently, fail to rearrange, leading to a short gut with an occluded lumen and undifferentiated epithelium. In contrast, endoderm cells with ectopic Vangl2 protein acquire abnormal polarity and adhesive contacts. As a result, endoderm cells also fail to rearrange properly and undergo ectopic differentiation, resulting in guts with multiple torturous lumens, irregular epithelial architecture, and variable intestinal topologies.ConclusionsAsymmetrical enrichment of Vangl2 in individual gut endoderm cells orients polarity and adhesion during radial rearrangements, coordinating digestive epithelial morphogenesis and lumen formation with gut tube elongation.
Species insurance trumps spatial insurance in stabilizing biomass of a marine macroalgal metacommunity
Authors: Lamy Thomas , Wang Shaopeng , Renard Delphine , Lafferty Kevin D. , Reed Daniel C. , Miller Robert J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBecause natural ecosystems are complex, it is difficult to predict how their variability scales across space and levels of organization. The species‐insurance hypothesis predicts that asynchronous dynamics among species should reduce variability when biomass is aggregated either from local species populations to local multispecies communities, or from metapopulations to metacommunities. Similarly, the spatial‐insurance hypothesis predicts that asynchronous spatial dynamics among either local populations or local communities should stabilize metapopulation biomass and metacommunity biomass, respectively. In combination, both species and spatial insurance reduce variation in metacommunity biomass over time, yet these insurances are rarely considered together in natural systems. We partitioned the extent that species insurance and spatial insurance reduced the annual variation in macroalgal biomass in a southern California kelp forest. We quantified variability and synchrony at two levels of organization (population and community) and two spatial scales (local plots and region) and quantified the strength of species and spatial insurance by comparing observed variability and synchrony in aggregate biomass to null models of independent species or spatial dynamics based on cyclic‐shift permutation. Spatial insurance was weak, presumably because large‐scale oceanographic processes in the study region led to high spatial synchrony at both population‐ and community‐level biomass. Species insurance was stronger due to asynchronous dynamics among the metapopulations of a few common species. In particular, a regional decline in the dominant understory kelp species Pterygophora californica was compensated for by the rise of three subdominant species. These compensatory dynamics were associated with positive values of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, indicating that differential species tolerances to warmer temperature and nutrient‐poor conditions may underlie species insurance in this system. Our results illustrate how species insurance can stabilize aggregate community properties in natural ecosystems where environmental conditions vary over broad spatial scales.
Proposal of a single‐phase synchronous inverter with noninterference performance for power system stability enhancement and emergent microgrid operation
Authors: Sekizaki Shinya , Yorino Naoto , Sasaki Yutaka , Matsuo Kosuke , Nakamura Yuki , Zoka Yoshifumi , Shimizu Toshihisa , Nishizaki Ichiro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA novel design of a single‐phase synchronous inverter (SSI) having noninterference core dynamic performance is proposed, referred to as noninterference core SSI (NIC‐SSI) in this paper. The proposed inverter consists of “core” and “shell.” This novel design is advantageous for a flexible setting of the core controller to enhance power system stability, which is supported by the shell function for keeping robust synchronizing operation of inverters including microgrid operation. The novel points in this paper are summarized as: (a) the proposed controller enables SSIs to implement directly a desired dynamic characteristic such as a synchronous machine; (b) it can connect any single‐phase systems as well as three‐phase systems; (c) an islanded single‐phase microgrid without rotating machines can be stabilized by multiple SSIs. The proposed controller makes it possible to enhance system stability against increasing uncontrollable renewable energy sources (RESs) and static power conversion devices. The developed SSI realizes flexible use in the demand side operations under normal/faulted grid conditions. Hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) testbed including the proposed digital controller and the real‐time simulator validates the effectiveness of the proposed controller in the experimental conditions.
Fronto‐parietal and temporal brain dysfunction in depression: A fMRI investigation of auditory mismatch processing
Authors: Zweerings Jana , Zvyagintsev Mikhail , Turetsky Bruce I. , Klasen Martin , König Andrea A. , Roecher Erik , Gaebler Arnim J. , Mathiak Klaus 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMismatch responses reflect neural mechanisms of early cognitive processing in the auditory domain. Disturbances of these mechanisms on multiple levels of neural processing may contribute to clinical symptoms in major depression (MD). A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was conducted to identify neurobiological foundations of altered mismatch processing in MD. Twenty‐five patients with major depression and 25 matched healthy individuals completed an auditory mismatch paradigm optimized for fMRI. Brain activity during mismatch processing was compared between groups. Moreover, seed‐based connectivity analyses investigated depression‐specific brain networks. In patients, mismatch processing was associated with reduced activation in the right auditory cortex as well as in a fronto‐parietal attention network. Moreover, functional coupling between the right auditory cortex and frontal areas was reduced in patients. Seed‐to voxel analysis on the whole‐brain level revealed reduced connectivity between the auditory cortex and the thalamus as well as posterior cingulate. The present study indicates deficits in sensory processing on the level of the auditory cortex in depression. Hyposensitivity in a fronto‐parietal network presumably reflects altered attention mechanisms in depression. The observed impairments may contribute to psychopathology by reducing the ability of the affected individuals to orient attention toward important environmental cues.