bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Biomarkers predicting lymphoma in the salivary glands of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome—A systematic review
Authors: Delli Konstantina , Villa Alessandro , Farah Camile S. , Celentano Antonio , Ojeda David , Peterson Douglas E. , Jensen Siri Beier , Glurich Ingrid , Vissink Arjan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of studies exploring potential biomarkers for development, course, and efficacy of treatment of lymphomas in salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome.Material and MethodsEligible studies were identified through a comprehensive search of two databases, that is, PubMed and EMBASE. Quality of included articles was assessed with the “Quality In Prognosis Studies” (QUIPS) tool. The “CHecklist for critical Appraisal and data extraction for systematic Reviews of prediction Modelling Studies” (CHARMS) was used to facilitate data extraction.ResultsFifty‐eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Only one study assessed the progression of lymphoma. Moderate risk of bias was detected in “outcome measurement,” “study participation,” and “study confounding” domains. Parotid gland enlargement, mixed monoclonal cryoglobulins, and low C4 levels represented strongest predictors of lymphoma development. The role of histological biomarkers, and specifically germinal centers, remains controversial. Clinical and methodological heterogeneity across studies precluded conduct of a meta‐analysis.ConclusionsSpecific biomarkers in combination with clinical manifestations represent potential candidates for advancing precision medicine approaches to lymphoma prediction in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Current focus has increasingly been on genetic and epigenetic markers as candidate predictors. Predictive accuracy of key biomarker candidates remains to be tested in well‐designed prospectively followed Sjögren's syndrome cohorts.
Natural alleles of GLA for grain length and awn development were differently domesticated in rice subspecies japonica and indica
Authors: Zhang Yanpei , Zhang Zhanying , Sun Xingming , Zhu Xiaoyang , Li Ben , Li Jinjie , Guo Haifeng , Chen Chao , Pan Yinghua , Liang Yuntao , Xu Zhijian , Zhang Hongliang , Li Zichao 
Published: January 2019

SummaryRice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars harbour morphological and physiological traits different from those of wild rice (O. rufipogon Griff.), but the molecular mechanisms underlying domestication remain controversial. Here, we show that awn and long grain traits in the near‐isogenic NIL‐GLA are separately controlled by variations within the GLA (Grain Length and Awn Development) gene, a new allele of GAD1/RAE2, which encodes one member of the EFPL (epidermal patterning factor‐like protein) family. Haplotype analyses and transgenic studies revealed that InDel1 (variation for grain length, VGL) in the promoter region of GLA (GLAVGL) increases grain length by promoting transcription of GLA. Absence of InDel3 (variation for awn formation, VA) in the coding region (CDS) of GLA (GLAva) results in short awn or no awn phenotypes. Analyses of minimum spanning trees and introgression regions demonstrated that An‐1, an important gene for awn formation, was preferentially domesticated and its mutation to an‐1 was followed by GLA and An‐2. Gene flow then occurred between the evolved japonica and indica populations. Quality analysis showed that GLA causes poor grain quality. During genetic improvement, awnlessness was selected in ssp. indica, whereas short–grained and awnless phenotypes with good quality were selected in japonica. Our findings facilitate an understanding of rice domestication and provide a favourable allele for rice breeding.
Pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus granules in pediatric de novo liver, kidney, and heart transplantation: The OPTION study
Authors: Webb Nicholas J. A. , Baumann Ulrich , Camino Manuela , Frauca Esteban , Undre Nasrullah ,   the OPTION Study Group
Published: January 2019

AbstractTacrolimus granules were developed for patients who are unable to swallow capsules. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is required to optimize efficacy and safety, which is based on Ctrough for tacrolimus capsules. Pharmacokinetic (PK) data for tacrolimus granules are required to establish the basis for TDM in those who are unable to swallow capsules. In this phase IV study (NCT01371331) of children undergoing liver, kidney, or heart transplantation, patients received tacrolimus granules 0.15 mg/kg twice daily; first dose was administered within 24 hours of reperfusion. PK analysis samples were collected after reperfusion, after first dose of tacrolimus (Day 1), and at steady state (Day 7; >4 days stable dose). Of the 52 transplant recipients enrolled, 38 had two evaluable PK profiles. Mean AUCtau after first dose of tacrolimus was 211, 97, and 224 hour*ng/mL in liver, kidney, and heart transplant recipients, respectively; corresponding mean AUCtau at steady state was 195, 208, and 165 hour*ng/mL. Ctrough and AUCtau were positively correlated after first dose of tacrolimus and at steady state (Pearson's coefficients: r = 0.81 and r = 0.87, respectively). This study demonstrated that Ctrough is a reliable marker for TDM in pediatric transplant recipients treated with tacrolimus granules, consistent with TDM for other tacrolimus formulations.
Cutaneous Photoprotective Activity of a Short‐term Ingestion of High‐Flavanol Cocoa: A Nutritional Intervention Study
Authors: Calzavara‐Pinton Piergiacomo , Calzavara‐Pinton Irene , Arisi Mariachiara , Rossi Maria Teresa , Scapagnini Giovanni , Davinelli Sergio , Venturini Marina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn vivo and in vitro studies have shown that prolonged oral administration of flavanol‐rich cocoas extracts have photoprotective effects. The aim of the present study was to assess the photoprotective activity of short‐time administration of a new variety of naturally selected cocoa extract rich in bioactive compounds. We selected a cocoa powder particularly rich in polyphenols, flavanols, caffeine, theobromine and theophylline. We then investigated, in 10 healthy subjects, the photoprotective effects of one week of daily oral administration of two doses of such powder. Phototesting with solar simulated radiation was performed at baseline and after cocoa supplementation. Visual assessment of the minimal erythema dose and spectrophotometric measurement of the “a” parameter were done after 24 h from the irradiation. Oral daily supplementation of 1 g of high‐flavanol cocoa was not effective but a one‐week administration of 4–6 g of cocoa induced a statistically significant increase in the visual erythema threshold and a significant reduction in the “a” parameter. We demonstrated that a new variety of naturally selected cocoa extract, even when administered for a short time, retains a dose‐dependent photoprotective effect. These results are also indicative of the fact that topical sunscreens could be supplemented by a specific diet.
Development and validation of a quantitative PCR assay method of assessing relative resistance of oat (Avena sativa) to crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae)
Authors: Admassu‐Yimer B. , Gordon T. , Bonman J. M. , Esvelt Klos K. 
Published: January 2019

Evaluation of oat crown rust resistance is usually based on visual assessment of disease severity or infection types. Visual assessment is subjective, prone to rater bias and requires expert knowledge. PCR‐based quantitative assays can overcome challenges associated with visual assessment. New TaqMan primers and probes were designed from Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca) sequences. The primer–probe sets were specific to Pca, amplified using as little as 0.5 pg fungal DNA (fDNA) and allowed for scaling to variation in sample total DNA quantity. The quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was validated using oat recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the Provena × 94197A1‐9‐2‐2‐2‐5 cross evaluated under a controlled environment. For comparison with fDNA load, inoculation with the Pca race LCBB provided segregation data on the hypersensitive response, while Pca race LSLG provided data on segregation for reduced pustule number. fDNA content was positively correlated with both pustule number and infection type (IT). Composite interval mapping identified two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on oat linkage groups Mrg12 and Mrg20 using visual and qPCR assessments (pustule number, IT and fDNA). In this study a qPCR assay method that can be used to assess the relative resistance of oat to crown rust was refined and validated, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) closely linked with two QTLs derived from the crown rust resistant line 94197A1‐9‐2‐2‐2‐5 were identified.
Mother’s age at delivery and daughters’ risk of preeclampsia
Authors: Basso Olga , Weinberg Clarice R. , D’Aloisio Aimee A. , Sandler Dale P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundSome cardiovascular disease risk factors are associated with both risk of preeclampsia and having been born to a younger or older mother. We examined whether mother's age at delivery predicts a primiparous daughter's risk of preeclampsia.MethodsThe analysis included 39 803 Sister Study participants (designated as “daughters”) born between 1930 and 1974. Using log‐binomial regression, we estimated relative risks (RR) of preeclampsia in the first pregnancy ending in birth (“primiparous preeclampsia”) associated with mother's age at the daughter’s birth. Models included: number of older full and maternal half‐siblings, income level growing up, daughter's age at delivery, race/ethnicity, and 5‐year birth cohort. We examined self‐reported relative weight at age 10 (heavier than peers versus not) as a potential effect measure modifier.ResultsOverall, 6.2% of daughters reported preeclampsia. Compared with those who had been born to 20‐24‐year old mothers, daughters of teenage mothers had a relative risk of 1.20 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01, 1.43) and daughters of mothers ≥25 had a ~10% lower risk. Relative weight at age 10 modified the association, with an inverse association between mother's age at delivery and preeclampsia seen only among daughters with low/normal childhood relative weight. In this subset, results were consistent across strata of daughter's age at menarche and age at first birth.ConclusionsThese findings, based on self‐reported data, require replication. Nevertheless, as women increasingly delay childbearing, they provide some reassurance that having been born to an older mother is not, per se, a risk factor for primiparous preeclampsia.
Who Benefits from Production Outcomes? Gendered Production Relations among Climate‐Smart Agriculture Technology Users in Rural Ethiopia
Authors: Tsige Meseret 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe use of agricultural technologies is generally expected to increase production and household incomes. Gendered disparities in making use of agricultural outcomes could result in inequitable agricultural development. However, too little is known about whether the use of agricultural technologies improves gendered production relations, particularly in the Global South. This study investigates the question of gender‐equitable production relations by drawing on empirical data from women and men smallholders involved in conservation agriculture and small‐scale irrigation schemes in three study areas in Ethiopia. Findings show that the use of agricultural technologies does not improve unequal gendered production relations; rather, gender norms that exist within patriarchal social structures continue to influence production relations in at least three ways. First, societal norms restrict women from asserting their self‐interest in gendered bargaining. Second, there is a customary law in all the study areas that allows men (but not women) to inherit land—thus providing men with better bargaining and decision‐making positions over production outcomes, as they bring land to the marriage. Third, the restricted access of women to rural institutional services further contributes to unequal gendered production relations, as these services support men more than women in the use of agricultural technologies for enhanced production.
Rural Depopulation: Growth and Decline Processes over the Past Century
Authors: Johnson Kenneth M. , Lichter Daniel T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article highlights the rise and geographic spread of depopulation in rural America over the past century. “Depopulation” refers to chronic population losses that prevent counties from returning to an earlier period of peak population size. In this article, we identify 746 depopulating counties—mostly nonmetropolitan—representing 24 percent of all U.S. counties. More than 46 percent of remote rural counties are depopulating compared to 24 percent of the adjacent nonmetropolitan counties and just 6 percent of metropolitan counties. Rural county populations often peaked in size during the 1940s and 1950s, especially in the agricultural heartland. Depopulation today reflects a complex interplay of chronic net out‐migration and natural decrease that is rooted in the past. Depopulation not only is a direct result of persistent out‐migration but also reflects large second‐order effects expressed in declining fertility and rising mortality (usually associated with population aging). Depopulation has become a signature demographic phenomenon in broad regions of rural America.
Quality of life, fatigue and changes therein as predictors of return to work during breast cancer treatment
Authors: Porro Bertrand , Michel Aude , Zinzindohoué Cécile , Bertrand Pierre , Monrigal Emilie , Trentini Frédéric , Baussard Louise , Cousson‐Gélie Florence 
Published: January 2019

PurposeTo our knowledge, only one study has assessed Quality of Life (QOL) as a predictor of return to work (RTW) during breast cancer treatment and one has evaluated multidimensional cancer‐related fatigue (CRF) as a determinant of RTW. However, no study has assessed the impact of changes in these variables on RTW. The objective of this study was to evaluate QOL, multidimensional CRF and changes in these variables as determinants of RTW during breast cancer treatment.MethodsWe performed a longitudinal study of 68 patients with a mean age of 46.97 years (SD = 6.92), who were employed at the time of diagnosis. Women were assessed at the beginning of adjuvant treatments (T0) and followed up with by telephone at three (T1) and 6 months later (T2), using questionnaires (QLQ‐C30; MFI‐20).ResultsGlobal QOL, OR = 1.12 [1.01–1.25], sleep disturbance, OR = 1.04 [1.002–1.08], fatigue (QLQ‐C30), OR = 0.93 [0.88–0.99], nausea‐vomiting, OR = 0.84 [0.73–0.97], reduced motivation, OR = 1.49 [1.05–2.11] and general fatigue, OR = 0.79 [0.63–0.99] at T0 were associated with RTW at T1. At T2 global QOL, OR = 1.09 [1.01–1.17], cognitive functioning, OR = 1.10 [1.03–1.17], general fatigue, OR = 1.82 [1.04–3.17] and mental fatigue, OR = 0.29 [0.11–0.81] were associated with RTW. Furthermore, changes in mental fatigue were associated with RTW at T2, OR = 0.02 [0.001–0.29].ConclusionsQuality of life, fatigue and their changes in them, especially cognitive functioning and mental fatigue, can play an important role in predicting the RTW of women with breast cancer. This confirms the importance of multidisciplinary care for cancer and the emergence of a theoretical psychological model of RTW.
New coring study in Augusta Bay expands understanding of offshore tsunami deposits (Eastern Sicily, Italy)
Authors: Smedile Alessandra , Molisso Flavia , Chagué Catherine , Iorio Marina , De Martini Paolo Marco , Pinzi Stefania , Collins Philip E. F. , Sagnotti Leonardo , Pantosti Daniela 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTsunami deposits present an important archive for understanding tsunami histories and dynamics. Most research in this field has focused on onshore preserved remains, while the offshore deposits have received less attention. In 2009, during a coring campaign with the Italian Navy Magnaghi, four 1 m long gravity cores (MG cores) were sampled from the northern part of Augusta Bay, along a transect in 60 to 110 m water depth. These cores were taken in the same area where a core (MS06) was collected in 2007 about 2·3 km offshore Augusta at a water depth of 72 m below sea level. Core MS06 consisted of a 6·7 m long sequence that included 12 anomalous intervals interpreted as the primary effect of tsunami backwash waves in the last 4500 years. In this study, tsunami deposits were identified, based on sedimentology and displaced benthic foraminifera (as for core MS06) reinforced by X‐ray fluorescence data. Two erosional surfaces (L1 and L2) were recognized coupled with grain‐size increase, abundant Posidonia oceanica seagrass remains and a significant amount of Nubecularia lucifuga, an epiphytic sessile benthic foraminifera considered to be transported from the inner shelf. The occurrence of Ti/Ca and Ti/Sr increments, coinciding with peaks in organic matter (Mo incoherent/coherent) suggests terrestrial run‐off coupled with an input of organic matter. The L1 and L2 horizons were attributed to two distinct historical tsunamis (ad 1542 and ad 1693) by indirect age‐estimation methods using 210Pb profiles and the comparison of Volume Magnetic Susceptibility data between MG cores and MS06 cores. One most recent bioturbated horizon (Bh), despite not matching the above listed interpretative features, recorded an important palaeoenvironmental change that may correspond to the ad 1908 tsunami. These findings reinforce the value of offshore sediment records as an underutilized resource for the identification of past tsunamis.
How organizational characteristics shape gender difference and inequality at work
Authors: Gorman Elizabeth H. , Mosseri Sarah 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhy should students and scholars who are interested in gender difference and inequality study organizations? In recent years, as research on organizations has migrated to business schools and become less connected to other subfields of the discipline, the value of organizational sociology has become less evident to many. Yet characteristics of organizations contribute in important ways to producing different experiences and outcomes for women and men, by constraining certain individual actions and enabling or bringing about others. In this essay, we trace the consequences of four categories of organizational characteristics—the formal structure of work, employment practices, informal structure and culture, and organizational networks and fields—for gender inequality in three areas: workplace experiences, work–family conflict, and career outcomes. We close with some brief reflections on future directions for research linking organizations and gender.
A CACTA‐like transposable element in the upstream region of BnaA9.CYP78A9 acts as an enhancer to increase silique length and seed weight in rapeseed
Authors: Shi Liuliu , Song Jurong , Guo Chaocheng , Wang Bo , Guan Zhilin , Yang Pu , Chen Xun , Zhang Qinghua , King Graham J. , Wang Jing , Liu Kede 
Published: January 2019

SummaryRapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a model plant for polyploid crop research and the second‐leading source of vegetable oil worldwide. Silique length (SL) and seed weight are two important yield‐influencing traits in rapeseed. Using map‐based cloning, we isolated qSLWA9, which encodes a P450 monooxygenase (BnaA9.CYP78A9) and functions as a positive regulator of SL. The expression level of BnaA9.CYP78A9 in silique valves of the long‐silique variety is much higher than that in the regular‐silique variety, which results in elongated cells and a prolonged phase of silique elongation. Plants of the long‐silique variety and transgenic plants with high expression of BnaA9.CYP78A9 had a higher concentration of auxin in the developing silique; this induced a number of auxin‐related genes but no genes in well‐known auxin biosynthesis pathways, suggesting that BnaA9.CYP78A9 may influence auxin concentration by affecting auxin metabolism or an unknown auxin biosynthesis pathway. A 3.7‐kb CACTA‐like transposable element (TE) inserted in the 3.9‐kb upstream regulatory sequence of BnaA9.CYP78A9 elevates the expression level, suggesting that the CACTA‐like TE acts as an enhancer to stimulate high gene expression and silique elongation. Marker and sequence analysis revealed that the TE in B. napus had recently been introgressed from Brassica rapa by interspecific hybridization. The insertion of the TE is consistently associated with long siliques and large seeds in both B. napus and B. rapa collections. However, the frequency of the CACTA‐like TE in rapeseed varieties is still very low, suggesting that this allele has not been widely used in rapeseed breeding programs and would be invaluable for yield improvement in rapeseed breeding.
A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled evaluation of orally administered heat‐killed Enterococcus faecalis FK‐23 preparation in atopic dogs
Authors: Osumi Takafumi , Shimada Takashi , Sakaguchi Masahiro , Tsujimoto Hajime 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundGastrointestinal microbiome modulation is reported to be an effective therapy to reduce the clinical signs of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). The killed strain of Enterococcus faecalis FK‐23 has been shown to reduce allergic responses in mice and people.Hypothesis/ObjectiveThe aim of this multicentre, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of an orally administered heat‐killed E. faecalis FK‐23 preparation (FK‐23p) for the control of cAD.AnimalsThirty‐nine client‐owned dogs with clinical signs of nonseasonal cAD were enrolled by 10 veterinarians at 15 hospitals.Methods and materialsDogs were randomized to either FK‐23p at a dose of ≥100 mg/kg/day or placebo. Owner‐assessed pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS), clinician‐assessed Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI‐4) and daily medication scoring (DMS) were evaluated on days 0, 28, 56 and 84. Owners and clinicians were interviewed about the overall response to treatment (RTT), after the study.ResultsThe CADESI‐4 significantly decreased in the FK‐23p group compared to the placebo group, by Day 84 (P = 0.035; Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney U‐test). There was no significant difference in pVAS and DMS between the groups. Owners and clinicians reported significantly better RTT in the FK‐23p group than the placebo group (P = 0.043 and 0.002, respectively; Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney U‐test). There were no adverse events associated with FK‐23p.Conclusions and clinical importanceOral administration of FK‐23p provided a small, but measurable benefit when used as an adjunct treatment, in reducing clinical signs of atopic dogs.