bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The HMGBa–HSP70–ATF4-β Axis Restricts White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection in Crayfish
Authors: Cao Xiao-Tong , Liu Yan , Sun Jie-Jie , Jiang Shi-Jin , Lan Jiang-Feng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Envelope viruses are the most threatening pathogens to eukaryotes. The search for target genes against envelope viruses is particularly important. The activating transcription factors (ATFs) regulate cancer proliferation, maintain cellular redox homeostasis, extend biological longevity, and respond to viral stimuli. However, the mechanism of ATF antiviral immunity, especially envelope viruses, is rarely reported. Two ATF4 homologs (ATF4-α and ATF4-β) with a difference of one β sheet (7 amino acids) were identified in crayfish. Further studies showed that ATF4-β was activated and significantly translocated into the nucleus after envelope virus white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. During WSSV infection, the host may recognize WSSV in some way (such as HMGBa recognizing WSSV by interacting with WSSV/VP28) and transmits the signal to cell, and then HMGBa, HSP70, and ATF4-β interact with each other in the cytoplasm and promote nuclear translocation of ATF4-β. ATF4-β entered the nucleus to initiate the transcription of ATF4 and ALFs. In addition, ALF1 could bind to VP28 to inhibit virus assembly in the nucleus and reinfection. This study elucidated a novel mechanism of ATF4-β in antienvelope virus immune responses, and ATF4 may be a potential target for disease prevention and control.
Epidemiological and clinical profiles of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in Amhara National Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Gashaw Bizuayehu , Yizengaw Endalew , Nibret Endalkachew , Workineh Addisu , Abebe Adisu 
Published: November 2024

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by Leishmania parasites. Ethiopia is one of the top ten countries with high CL load. Amhara National Regional State (ANRS) is one of the CL hotspot areas in Ethiopia. This study determined the epidemiology and clinical profiles of CL in ANRS. This study was conducted from April to October 2023 in eight Leishmaniasis Treatment Centres (LTCs). A data review was done from patients presenting to these centres between June 2018 and July 2023. Chi-square test and logistic regression were performed using SPSS-23. A total of 1729 CL patients were recorded. The overall burden of CL per 10,000 outpatients was 900. Most of the patients (71.1%) presented with localised cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL). The patients were from 112 districts. About 12% of the patients lived with the disease for over a year without treatment. Multiple-time comer patients accounted for 13.2% of the patients. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is still a major public health problem in ANRS. One-third of CL patients presented with the MCL clinical form. There was longer delay among CL patients for seeking diagnosis and treatment. Large scale community based study and traditional and modern treatment centers focused studies should be included to estimate the actual number of CL in the region. Follow-up and molecular studies are important to better understand the clinical features of the disease. Moreover, awareness of the community about the CL prevention and control help the patients to get early diagnosis and treatment.
Clinical and Economic Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance: Role of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Indian Hospitals
Authors: Warrier Anup , Thanusubramanian Harish , Routray Abhisek , Mane Akshata 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to public health globally and is expected to worsen if not addressed. AMR has far-reaching consequences, impacting patients, public health, health-care systems, and society. It not only leads to increased morbidity and mortality but also poses significant challenges to the health-care industry, resulting in treatment failures and escalating costs associated with intensive interventions. Hospitals are also affected by AMR through prolonged hospital stays with increased costs of health care. It significantly impacts the success of cancer chemotherapy and organ transplantation and often compromises major surgeries. In this review, we have highlighted the clinical and economic consequences of AMR and the importance of antimicrobial stewardship programs (AMS programs) to combat resistance and protect patient health. As part of an organizational or system-wide health-care strategy, the AMS programs promote, evaluate, improve, and monitor the rational use of antimicrobials to safeguard their future effectiveness while promoting and protecting public health. We have also discussed the role of AMS programs in mitigating the clinical and economic impacts of AMR in Indian hospitals and provided some key suggestions for implementing AMS programs in this setting.
A Comparative Study of Compliance with Select Parameters of Patient Safety among Nurses and Doctors in Emergency, Intensive Care Unit, and a Ward of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Jan Farooq A. , Ennas Chowdhary , Haroon Rashid , Sajad Bhat , Shahnawaz Khan , Samina Mufti 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Patient safety is a critical component of health-care quality. Population-based studies from a number of nations around the world have consistently demonstrated unacceptably high rates of medical injury and preventable deaths. There is a need to capture these mistakes, identify compliance with standard operating procedures (SOPs) regarding patient safety, and not only learn from them but also to share them with others so that such mistakes are prevented.

Methodology:
An observational study was carried out in the emergency department, inpatient area, and intensive care units (ICUs) for 3 months each. The checklist had various parameters such as medication errors, correct patient identification, surgery, hospital-acquired infection, handover take over, patient care, and equipment upkeep.

Results:
Regarding the compliance of medication among nurses, expiry date was checked more frequently in the ICU setting, and pharmacological name was checked before injection more frequently in wards and ICU than in emergency. Compliance with handwashing/sanitizing and adherence to the WHO recommendations among nurses as well as doctors is more in the ICU setting while moving from one patient to another and is statistically significant. The present study revealed that compliance about biomedical waste management was better among nursing staff than physicians. This study found better communication among nursing staff as well as doctors about patient details at the time of shift change in ICUs as well as while shifting patients from one area to another, and this is statistically significant. It was found that records of adverse events are better maintained in intensive care areas than in wards and emergency. Call book register is not being maintained in emergency, and both were statistically significant. The nurses blamed the shortage of staff as the primary reason for noncompliance and partial compliance to SOPs. The hospital under study was grossly deficient vis-a-vis nursing staffing norms as many positions were vacant.

Conclusion:
There is better compliance with SOPs regarding medication administration, hand hygiene, hospital infection control practices, correct patient identification, handoffs, maintenance of records regarding adverse events, and maintenance of call book register in intensive care settings than in emergency and wards, which is in line with the concept of progressive patient care. Compliance is better among nursing staff as compared to doctors which can be explained by better attitude among nursing staff. The vacant positions of nursing staff need to be filled, which can have a good impact on adherence to SOPs.
Genetic Relationships and Population Structure among Nigerian Ethnic Groups (Ibibio, Igbo, Hausa, Tiv and Yoruba) Based on Nine DNA Loci
Authors: Akpan Utom-Obong U. , Amusa Oluwafemi D. , Adebesin Olumide A. , Adebajo Oluwaseye A. , Akande Temitope E. , Onaja Peter , Ayuba Peace , Udoh Kudighe , Akpan Helen B. , Garba Nura , Abafras Fwangjel Pantu , Ojo Joshua H. , Adeyemi Israel G. , Okpuzor Joy , Adekoya Khalid O. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Context:
Population-specific attributes typically determine the behavior of human genotypes and traits in individuals. Examining the genetic relationships between populations presents an opportunity to observe patterns of genetic changes over time. By comparing populations, it is possible to see factors that may have sparked the evolution of a trait or genotype as well as the genetic diversity of the populations. Genetic diversity in the groups in Nigeria is still largely undefined. This can be achieved with the use of genetic markers.

Aims:
To determine the genetic relationships between Igbo, Ibibio, Yoruba, Tiv, and Hausa ethnic groups using nine short tandem repeat DNA markers.

Settings and Design:
Observational studies of 250 consenting participants.

Methods and Material:
Individuals of Igbo, Yoruba, Hausa, Ibibio, and Tiv were randomly sampled from their ethnic homes in Nigeria at participating institutions. DNA was extracted from blood samples using commercial DNA kits, and tested for nine autosomal short tandem repeat loci alleles using PCR and electrophoresis. The allele types and sizes were read and recorded for each locus for every individual.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Allelic frequencies, population pairwise genetic distances (FST and RST, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were calculated using GenAlEx v6.502.

Results:
The fixation index (FST) was between 0.001 and 0.500 in the five populations. The estimated variation was 99.98% within individuals and 0.10% among populations. Four heterogeneous clusters were observed with three axes accounting for 32.86% variation.

Conclusions:
The genetic relationships closely mirrored linguistic groupings showing that language may have shaped early interaction and ultimately gene transfer between these groups.
Geopolitical Security Concerns: A Catalyst for Russia’s Reengagement of Africa in Relations
Authors: Taiwo Matthew Tope , Ademuyiwa Akin 
Published: November 2024

Russia, also in the garb of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, had a record of a long-standing relations with Africa, the relationship that incidentally took a cold turn at the instance of the disintegration of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, as Russia prioritized stabilizing its domestic issues as the successor of the Soviet’s legacy. The emergence of the 21st century came with the post-Cold War security threat to Russian geopolitical space especially from its cold war rivals and hostile bordering states thus, prompting the conscientious efforts by Russia to review its foreign policy towards African alignment. The new Russia-Africa relations have generated a lot of interest by researchers, who have addressed the issue from a wide range of views, some of which included political, ideology, technical and economic. Cognizant of the geopolitical security concerns, which is observed as the primary basis for its new African relations, this research aims to examine Russian reengagement of Africa in relations adopting geostrategic theory. Data are gathered from secondary sources. The research is qualitative and framed within the scope of Russia-Africa security relations from 2014, following its annexation of Crimea, which marked a new phase of hostility between Russia and some North Atlantic Treaty Organisation allied countries. To achieve its strategic goal in Africa, Russia needs to pursue a comprehensive cooperation in other areas of direct investment that could offer African countries reciprocal paybacks that meet their national interests farther than concentrating on military aspect to achieving a personal goal.
Effect of Stakeholders’ Engagement on Performance of Construction Projects in Rwanda: Case of Horizon Construction Company
Authors: Mukakarisa Claudine , Njoroge Naomi 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This research focused on the evaluation of the impact of stakeholder engagement on the performance of construction projects in Rwanda. The following specific objectives directed this study: to identify the impact of stakeholders' involvement in project planning on the performance of Horizon Construction Company's construction projects; to assess the impact of stakeholders' engagement in project implementation on the performance of Horizon Construction Company's construction projects; and to evaluate the impact of stakeholders' engagement in monitoring and evaluation on the performance of Horizon Construction Company's construction projects.
Methodology: A combination of descriptive and correlational research survey design under a mixed method approach was used to guide the study. Participants in this research consisted of 182 individuals from Horizon Construction Company. Using stratified simple random sampling, this research sampled 125 people. A statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used to analyze quantitative data along with thematic for qualitative data.
Findings: The coefficient for stakeholders in project planning is 0.325, suggesting that for each unit increase in stakeholder engagement during the planning phase, project performance is expected to increase by 0.325, with this relationship being statistically significant (β = 0.325, t = 6.153, Sig. = 0.000). Similarly, the coefficient for stakeholders in project implementation is 0.268, indicating that a one-unit increase in engagement during implementation correlates with a 0.268 increase in project performance, which is also statistically significant (β = 0.268, t = 5.841, Sig. = 0.000). Additionally, the coefficient for stakeholders in monitoring and evaluation is 0.409, revealing that improvements in stakeholder engagement in oversight can enhance project performance by 0.409 units, with a statistically significant impact (β = 0.409, t = 8.030, Sig. = 0.000).
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: it is recommended that Horizon Construction Company prioritize inclusive stakeholder engagement practices throughout all project phases.
IMPORTANCE DE LA PIECE COMPTABLE JUSTIFICATIVE DANS LA GESTION FINANCIERE D’UN ETABLISSEMENT SCOLAIRE (CAS DES ECOLES SECONDAIRES PUBLIQUES DU TERRITOIRE DE MITWABA 2018 – 2022)
Authors: Kazadi Béatrice Muntshiene 
Published: November 2024

Objectif : Notre préoccupation majeure est de comprendre l’importance qu’accordent les chefs d’établissement de cette contrée à la pièce justificative dans la gestion dans les ressources financières qu’ils perçoivent. Le but de ce travail est d’éveiller la conscience des chefs d’établissement sur les faits que les pièces justificatives constituent des preuves tangibles dans la résolution des problèmes financiers qui touchent à la vie d’une structure. Il est bon de les connaître, savoir les utiliser et les conserver afin de répondre aux exigences pratiques et légales en matière de gestion financière.
Méthodologie : Pour réaliser cette étude, nous avons fait recours à la méthode statistique qui relève de la recherche quantitative orientée vers une observation systématique. Cette méthode d’analyse des données recueillies auprès des enquêtés a été soutenue par des techniques d’interview, documentaire et le questionnaire d’enquête dans le but de constituer notre corpus.
Résultat : Après analyse et discussion des résultats, il s’observe que la pièce justificative n’a pas toute sa place dans la gestion financière de ces établissements.
Contribution : Nous avons recommandé aux préfets des études communément appelés chefs d’établissement un renforcement des capacités en comptabilité de base et un plaidoyer auprès de l’Etat par rapport à l’ouverture dans chaque établissement l’option commerciale et de gestion pour pallier à ce manque de personnel qualifié. Ceci pour permettre d’améliorer la gestion financière des écoles secondaires publiques du territoire de Mitwaba en tenant compte de règles et principes de base.
Data-driven surrogate model for wind turbine damage equivalent load
Authors: Haghi Rad , Crawford Curran 
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Aeroelastic simulations are employed to assess wind turbines in accordance with IEC standards in the time domain. These analyses enable the evaluation of fatigue and extreme loads experienced by wind turbine components. Such simulations are essential for several reasons, including but not limited to reducing safety margins in wind turbine component design by accounting for a wide range of uncertainties in wind and wave conditions and fulfilling the requirements of the digital twin, which necessitates a comprehensive set of simulations for calibration. Thus, it is essential to develop computationally efficient yet accurate models that can replace costly aeroelastic simulations and data processing. To address this challenge, we propose a data-driven approach to construct surrogate models for the damage equivalent load (DEL) based on aeroelastic simulation outputs. Our method provides a quick and efficient way to calculate DEL using wind input signals without the need for time-consuming aeroelastic simulations. Our study focuses on utilizing a sequential machine learning (ML) method to map wind speed time series to DEL. Additionally, we demonstrate the versatility of the developed and trained surrogate models by testing them on a wind turbine in the wake and applying transfer learning to enhance their predictive accuracy.
ETHNOCULTURAL VOCABULARY AS A SOURCE OF ETHNICAL INFORMATION IN BRITISH LITERATURE
Authors: Yang L. , Karagoishiyeva D.А. , Iskakova G.N. 
Published: November 2024

This article analyses S. Maugham’s and N. Hornby’s works, exploring how national values and ethno-culture are reflected in their writing. The study focuses on their works, one classic and the other modern, revealing the peculiarities of their styles, language. The article examines the role of phraseological units in creating character images in works of art, based on Hornby's modern English novel ‘About a boy’ and 'The Razor's Edge' by S. Maugham. Phraseology plays a crucial role in language as it helps to convey the author's true intentions. By updating the usual and occasional meanings in context, phraseological units allow readers to understand the depth and versatility of artistic images created by writers. The idiomatic and phraseological units employed by writers can be used to construct a cultural picture of nation and country. Therefore, studying the works of classic and modern writers is a significant objective in itself. The employed methods, namely comparative, cultural-historical and stylistic analysis of the collected data, contributed to the revelation of the principal approaches of the two writers in their representation of reality. The results of the study reflect the linguistic features of the prose of the two writers, including stylistic devices, fixed expressions and idioms. This enables a linguistic and literary analysis and interpretation of the British works, thus conferring practical significance upon the study. It is concluded that both writers use phrases related to their national mentality and historical periods.
O uso da matriz de risco como ferramenta na elaboração do gerenciamento de risco ocupacional
Authors: Travassos Francisco Laonne Dias , Roberto José Carlos Alves , Almeida Victor da Silva 
Published: November 2024

Este artigo explora a relevância do gerenciamento de riscos ocupacionais no contexto da nova NR-1, que, desde 2022, exige das empresas brasileiras a identificação, avaliação e mitigação de riscos no ambiente de trabalho. A questão central investigada é: como a matriz de risco pode ser aplicada como ferramenta na elaboração do Gerenciamento de Risco Ocupacional- GRO? O objetivo é utilizar a matriz de risco como uma ferramenta na elaboração do gerenciamento do risco ocupacional, visando identificar, avaliar e mitigar riscos no ambiente de trabalho, contribuindo para melhoria da segurança e saúde dos colaboradores e a conformidade com normas regulamentadoras. A metodologia adotada é qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, com revisão de literatura e análise documental. Foram consultadas bases como SciELO, Periódicos CAPES e revistas técnicas em segurança do trabalho para identificar artigos publicados entre 2015 e 2024, abrangendo setores como manufatura, construção civil, hospitalar, indústria química e setor energético. A análise reforça que a matriz de risco é uma ferramenta eficaz na priorização de ações corretivas e permite uma gestão mais sistemática da segurança ocupacional, reduzindo incidentes e otimizando os recursos destinados ao controle de riscos. Observou-se, pelos exemplos descritos pelos autores, que a matriz de risco oferece uma abordagem robusta para o gerenciamento de riscos ocupacionais, possibilitando a identificação precisa de riscos críticos e a implementação de medidas de controle eficazes. Evidenciou-se que a escolha da matriz de risco não segue um padrão definido, ela depende das características da empresa ou organização e dos tipos de riscos presentes. Além disso, deve ser revisada periodicamente para garantir que continue relevante e eficaz. O estudo sugere investigações futuras que integrem novas tecnologias à matriz, visando aprimorar o monitoramento e mitigação de riscos ocupacionais.
Indoor air bacterial quality and associated factors in prison inmate cells of East Hararghe Zone and Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Alamirew Tamagnu Sintie , Baraki Negga , Gawo Abraham Geremew , Melake Bealemlay Abebe , Endalew Salie Mulat , Mengistu Dechasa Adare , Alemu Fekade Alemu , Tolera Sina Temesgen , Temesgen Liku Muche , Bayu Kefelegn 
Published: November 2024

Background: Bacterial indoor air load refers to the level of bacteria within and around dwellings and other structures. Pathogens, bacterial cell fragments, and bacterial organisms’ byproducts can all pose major issues indoors, especially in prison inmate cells. However, there is lack of data on bacterial load and contributing factors in the East Hararghe zone and Harari regional state. The lack of studies on microbiological indoor air quality in prisons with contributing factors will therefore be filled by this investigation. Objectives: The study aimed to assess bacterial indoor air load and contributing factors in prison inmate cells from October 1 to October 30, 2020. Methodology: An institutional cross-sectional study was employed. All of the prisons in the East Hararghe zone and the Harari regional state served as the study’s and source population. 62 prison cells were used in the investigation. Samples were obtained using the passively settling plate technique. The data were evaluated through the use of SPSS statistical software, Excel, and the statistical procedures of ANOVA, correlation, and chi-square test. Results: The maximum and minimum bacterial loads, were recorded at 8:00 am (3027 CFU/m3) and 2:00 pm (1048 (CFU/m3) respectively. The correlation between the temperature and bacterial load was strongly positive (r = 0.680, p = 0.047), and the correlation of the moisture content and bacterial load was strongly negative (r = -0.671, p = 0.039). Conclusion: The levels of bacteria were higher than the guideline (2000 CFU/m3). While the relative humidity of indoor air was negatively correlated with bacterial load, temperature and bacterial load were significantly positively correlated. Harari regional state and East Hararghe zone prison commissions should be alarmed to alleviate these problems. The building standards need to be completely updated to the latest standards.