bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoclip Magnetic Resonance Imaging Screening: A Local Practice Review
Authors: Accorsi Fabio , Lalonde Alain , Leswick David A. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose Not all endoscopically placed clips (endoclips) are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatible. At many institutions, endoclip screening is part of the pre-MRI screening process. Our objective is to determine the contribution of each step of this endoclip screening protocol in determining a patient's endoclip status at our institution. Methods A retrospective review of patients' endoscopic histories on general MRI screening forms for patients scanned during a 40-day period was performed to assess the percentage of patients that require endoclip screening at our institution. Following this, a prospective evaluation of 614 patients' endoclip screening determined the percentage of these patients ultimately exposed to each step in the protocol (exposure), and the percentage of patients whose endoclip status was determined with reasonable certainty by each step (determination). Results Exposure and determination values for each step were calculated as follows (exposure, determination): verbal interview (100%, 86%), review of past available imaging (14%, 36%), review of endoscopy report (9%, 57%), and new abdominal radiograph (4%, 96%), or CT (0.2%, 100%) for evaluation of potential endoclips. Only 1 patient did not receive MRI because of screening (in situ gastrointestinal endoclip identified). Conclusions Verbal interview is invaluable to endoclip screening, clearing 86% of patients with minimal monetary and time investment. Conversely, the limited availability of endoscopy reports and relevant past imaging somewhat restricts the determination rates of these. New imaging (radiograph or computed tomography) is required <5% of the time, and although costly and associated with patient irradiation, has excellent determination rates (above 96%) when needed.
Mammography Clinical Image Quality and the False Positive Rate in a Canadian Breast Cancer Screening Program
Authors: Guertin Marie-Hélène , Théberge Isabelle , Zomahoun Hervé Tchala Vignon , Dufresne Michel-Pierre , Pelletier Éric , Brisson Jacques 
Published: April 2018

Purpose The study sought to determine if mammography quality is associated with the false positive (FP) rate in the Quebec breast cancer screening program in 2004 and 2005. Methods Mammography quality of a random sample of screen-film mammograms was evaluated by an expert radiologist following the criteria of the Canadian Association of Radiologists. For each screening examination, scores ranging from 1 (poor quality) to 5 (excellent quality) were attributed for positioning, compression, contrast, exposure level, sharpness, and artifacts. A final overall quality score (lower or higher) was also given. Poisson regression models with robust estimation of variance and adjusted for potential confounding factors were used to assess associations of mammography quality with the FP rate. Results Among 1,209 women without cancer, there were 104 (8.6%) FPs. Lower overall mammography quality is associated with an increase in the FP rate (risk ratio [RR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-2.1; P = .07) but this increase was not statistically significant. Artifacts were associated with an increase in the FP rate (RR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3-3.3; P = .01) whereas lower quality of exposure level was related to a reduction of the FP rate (RR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.1-1.0; P = .01). Lower quality scores for all other quality attributes were related to a nonstatistically significant increase in the FP rate of 10%-30%. Conclusions Artifacts can have a substantial effect on the FP rate. The effect of overall mammography quality on the FP rate may also be substantial and needs to be clarified.
Sexual Health During Postgraduate Training—European Survey Across Medical Specialties
Authors: Kristufkova Alexandra , Pinto Da Costa Mariana , Mintziori Gesthimani , Vásquez Juan Luis , Aabakke Anna J.M. , Fode Mikkel 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Sexual health problems are common. Therefore, training in sexual health is relevant for the clinical practice of trainees and early-career specialists in several specialties who deal with patients with sexual health problems. However, little is known about how sexual health training is provided across countries and specialties.

Aim
To assess (i) sexual health training during postgraduate training programs in psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology, urology, and endocrinology across Europe; (ii) the confidence of trainees and early-career specialists in dealing with patients with sexual health problems; and (iii) their need for further training in sexual health during postgraduate training programs.

Methods
The study was based on a collaboration among European societies of trainees in these 4 specialties. An online survey was developed and conducted from January 2015 through June 2016.

Main Outcome Measures
Self-reported questionnaire.

Results
We collected 366 completed surveys from 40 countries. Sexual health training was considered an important or very important part of specialty training by 78.7% of participants. Overall, 62.3% of participants had not received any training in sexual health. Especially in obstetrics and gynecology, the large majority did not have training in sexual health (82.8%), followed by psychiatry (59.8%), urology (58.4%), and endocrinology (56.1%). There were statistically significant differences among specialties in the confidence of participants in managing patients with sexual health problems. In general, trainees and early-career specialists who had received sexual health training felt more confident in dealing with patients with gender dysphoria (P = .011), need for sexual therapy (P = .0004), paraphilic disorders (P = .0003), and sexual dysfunction (P = .0017).

Conclusions
Trainees and early-career specialists found sexual health training important for their future medical practice; however, less than half received it during their postgraduate training. Participants felt more confident in managing patients with sexual health problems when sexual health training was included in the postgraduate training program.
Does Depth Matter? Factors Affecting Choice of Vulvoplasty Over Vaginoplasty as Gender-Affirming Genital Surgery for Transgender Women
Authors: Jiang David , Witten Jonathan , Berli Jens , Dugi Daniel 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Gender-affirming vaginoplasty aims to create the external female genitalia (vulva) as well as the internal vaginal canal; however, not all patients desire nor can safely undergo vaginal canal creation.

Aim
Our objective is to describe the factors influencing patient choice or surgeon recommendation of vulvoplasty and to assess the patient’s satisfaction with this choice.

Methods
Gender-affirming genital surgery consults were reviewed from March 2015 until December 2017, and patients scheduled for or who had completed vulvoplasty were interviewed by telephone.

Outcomes
We report demographic data and the reasons for choosing vulvoplasty as gender-affirming surgery for patients who either completed or were scheduled for surgery, in addition to patient reports of satisfaction with choice of surgery, satisfaction with the surgery itself, and sexual activity after surgery.

Results
In total, 486 patients were seen in consultation for trans-feminine gender-affirming genital surgery: 396 requested vaginoplasty and 39 patients requested vulvoplasty. 30 Patients either completed or are scheduled for vulvoplasty. Vulvoplasty patients were older and had higher body mass index than those seeking vaginoplasty. The majority (63%) of the patients seeking vulvoplasty chose this surgery despite no contra-indications to vaginoplasty. The remaining patients had risk factors leading the surgeon to recommend vulvoplasty. Of those who completed surgery, 93% were satisfied with the surgery and their decision for vulvoplasty.

Clinical Translation
Vulvoplasty creates the external appearance of female genitalia without creation of a neovaginal canal; it is associated with high satisfaction and low decision regret.

Conclusions
This is the first study of factors impacting a patient’s choice of or a surgeon’s recommendation for vulvoplasty over vaginoplasty as gender-affirming genital surgery; it also is the first reported series of patients undergoing vulvoplasty only. Limitations of this study include its retrospective nature, non-validated questions, short-term follow-up, and selection bias in how we offer vulvoplasty. Vulvoplasty is a form of gender-affirming feminizing surgery that does not involve creation of a neovagina, and it is associated with high satisfaction and low decision regret.
Lumbar Epidural Varix Causing Radicular Pain: A Case Report and Differential Diagnosis of Lumbar Cystic Lesions
Authors: Im Il‐Kyu , Son Eun‐Seok , Kim Du Hwan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLumbar epidural varices are a rare cause of radicular pain mimicking lumbar disc herniation or other cyst‐like masses including sequestrated disc herniation, facet joint synovial cyst, or perineural cyst. We report a case of a 36‐year‐old woman presenting with lumbar radicular pain caused by a lumbar epidural varix. Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a cystic lesion in the ventral epidural space posterior to the right L4 body. Surgery was conducted and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of an epidural varix. Lumbar epidural varices and other lumbar cystic lesions can commonly cause radicular pain. Physicians will benefit from increased awareness of epidural varices as a cause of lumbosacral radicular pain and the associated radiologic findings supporting differential diagnosis. In particular, careful interpretation of MRI scans may help ensure proper diagnosis of an epidural varix versus other cystic lesions.Level of EvidenceV
Stenosis and Neurologic Level Discrepancies in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Choi Young‐Ah , Kim Keewon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundCervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is the most common cause of cord dysfunction in older individuals. CSM involves either the upper motor neuron or lower motor neuron (LMN) in the cervical spine. The neurologic level of the LMN lesion does not usually correspond with the structural level detected via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between the structural level of stenosis and the neurologic level of LMN involvement in patients with CSM.DesignRetrospective descriptive study.SettingTertiary hospital.PatientsPatients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, aged 41‐79 years.MethodsWe reviewed electromyography (EMG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings from 17 patients with CSM to objectively show the relation between the structural level of stenosis and the neurologic level with LMN involvement.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe structural level was defined by spinal canal stenosis with definite cord compression on MRI. The neurologic level was determined by myotomes with abnormal spontaneous activity on EMG.ResultsIn all patients but one, myotomes with abnormal spontaneous EMG activity were one to 4 levels lower than the stenotic canal shown on MRI.ConclusionsLMN involvement in CSM is usually not concordant with the structural lesion. For accurate diagnosis and treatment, physicians should recognize that myotomal involvement in CSM is often due to canal stenosis one to 4 levels above the lesion.Level of EvidenceIII
The Effect of Arch Drop on Tibial Rotation and Tibiofemoral Contact Stress in Postpartum Women
Authors: Rabe Kaitlin G. , Segal Neil A. , Waheed Saphia , Anderson Donald D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundWomen are at greater risk for knee osteoarthritis and numerous other lower limb musculoskeletal disorders. Arch drop during pregnancy and the resultant excessive pronation of the feet may alter loading patterns and contribute to the greater prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in women.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of arch drop on tibial rotation and tibiofemoral contact stress.DesignInterventional study with internal control.SettingBiomechanics laboratory.ParticipantsEleven postpartum women (age 33.4 ± 5.3 years, body mass 76.1 ± 13.5 kg) who had lost arch height with pregnancy in a previous study.MethodsSubjects underwent standing computed tomography (SCT) with their knees in a 20° fixed‐flexed position with and without semirigid arch supports to reconstitute prepregnancy arch height. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee was acquired at a flexion angle equivalent to that of SCT. Bone and cartilage were manually segmented on the magnetic resonance images and segmented surfaces were registered to the 3‐dimensional SCT image sets for the arch‐supported and ‐unsupported conditions. These models were used to measure changes in tibial rotation, as well as to estimate contact stress in the medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments, using computational methods.Main Outcome MeasuresChange in tibial rotation and tibiofemoral contact stress with arch drop.ResultsArch drop resulted in a mean tibial internal rotation of 0.75 ± 1.33° (P = .02). Changes in mean or peak contact stress were not detected.ConclusionsArch drop causes internal tibial rotation, resulting in a shift in the tibiofemoral articulation. An associated increase in contact stress was not detected. Internal rotation of the tibia increases stress on the anterior cruciate ligament and menisci, potentially explaining the greater prevalence of knee disorders in postpartum women.Level of EvidenceNA
Beyond the Archive
Authors: Faniel Ixchel M. , Austin Anne , Kansa Eric , Kansa Sarah Whitcher , France Phoebe , Jacobs Jennifer , Boytner Ran , Yakel Elizabeth 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThis article presents research on archaeological data creation and management practices at two excavations in Europe in order to gain a better understanding of how to align these practices with the data reuse needs of a broader research community. The Secret Life of Data project follows the life cycle of data from the field to the digital repository to better understand opportunities and challenges in data interpretation, publication, and preservation. Our “Slow Data” approach focuses not on maximizing the speed and quantity of data but, rather, on emphasizing curation, contextualization, communication, and broader understanding. Through a mixed-methods approach of interviews, field observations, and excavation data assessments, we recommended changes (both technical and organizational) to improve data creation and management practices. We report our findings and offer readers guidance on streamlining data collection for reuse during excavation.
Data Beyond the Archive in Digital Archaeology
Authors: Kansa Sarah Whitcher , Kansa Eric C. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThis special section stems from discussions that took place in a forum at the Society for American Archaeology's annual conference in 2017. The forum, Beyond Data Management: A Conversation about “Digital Data Realities”, addressed challenges in fostering greater reuse of the digital archaeological data now curated in repositories. Forum discussants considered digital archaeology beyond the status quo of “data management” to better situate the sharing and reuse of data in archaeological practice. The five papers for this special section address key themes that emerged from these discussions, including: challenges in broadening data literacy by making instructional uses of data; strategies to make data more visible, better cited, and more integral to peer-review processes; and pathways to create higher-quality data better suited for reuse. These papers highlight how research data management needs to move beyond mere “check-box” compliance for granting requirements. The problems and proposed solutions articulated by these papers help communicate good practices that can jumpstart a virtuous cycle of better data creation leading to higher impact reuses of data.
Nudging transparent behavioural science and policy
Authors: MAYNARD OLIVIA M. , MUNAFÒ MARCUS R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThere are inherent differences in the priorities of academics and policy-makers. These pose unique challenges for teams such as the Behavioural Insights Team (BIT), which has positioned itself as an organisation conducting academically rigorous behavioural science research in policy settings. Here we outline the threats to research transparency and reproducibility that stem from working with policy-makers and other non-academic stakeholders. These threats affect how we perform, communicate, verify and evaluate research. Solutions that increase research transparency include pre-registering study protocols, making data open and publishing summaries of results. We suggest an incentive structure (a simple ‘nudge’) that rewards BIT's non-academic partners for engaging in these practices.
A HIERARCHY OF COMPUTABLY ENUMERABLE DEGREES
Authors: DOWNEY ROD , GREENBERG NOAM 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe introduce a new hierarchy of computably enumerable degrees. This hierarchy is based on computable ordinal notations measuring complexity of approximation of${\rm{\Delta }}_2^0$functions. The hierarchy unifies and classifies the combinatorics of a number of diverse constructions in computability theory. It does so along the lines of the high degrees (Martin) and the array noncomputable degrees (Downey, Jockusch, and Stob). The hierarchy also gives a number of natural definability results in the c.e. degrees, including a definable antichain.
Glacier variations at Aru Co in western Tibet from 1971 to 2016 derived from remote-sensing data
Authors: ZHANG ZHEN , LIU SHIYIN , ZHANG YONG , WEI JUNFENG , JIANG ZONGLI , WU KUNPENG 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTTwin glaciers collapsed in 2016 near Aru Co, western Tibet and caused extreme loss to human beings. In this study, we attempted to track the dynamics of glaciers in the region, for example the glacier area and mass changes in Aru Co for the period 1971–2016, which were determined using topographic maps and Landsat images and ASTER-derived DEMs (2011–16), the Shuttle Radar Terrain Mission DEM (2000) and topographic maps (1971). Our results showed that the glacier area of Aru Co decreased by −0.4 ± 4.1% during 1971–2016. The geodetic mass-balance results showed that the glaciers in Aru Co lost mass at a rate of −0.15 ± 0.30 m w.e. a−1 during 1971–99, while they gained mass at a rate of 0.33 ± 0.61 m w.e. a−1 for the period 1999–2016. The twin glaciers experienced a larger negative mass budget than the others in the region before 1999. This process produced large amounts of meltwater, followed by a sustained increase in the meltwater on the pressure melting point, possibly in response to a period of positive mass balance (1999–2016) and then, transferred to the glacier bed until the glaciers collapsed.
Wine Industry Campaign Contributions and Wine Excise Taxes: Evidence from U.S. States
Authors: Pokharel Shree B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGiven the growing importance of the wine industry in the United States, wine special interests are on the rise. Data shows that campaign contributions from the wine industry to officials running for state offices have increased over time. Given this reality, one can expect wine excise tax to remain low in states that receive higher campaign contributions. In addition, there are theoretical and empirical reasons to believe that these tax rates are interdependent based on Tiebout competition and yardstick competition. Based on this reasoning, one can hypothesize wine excise tax rates to be spatially dependent. In this study, I test this hypothesis using state-level campaign contributions data from the National Institute on Money in State Politics and Distilled Spirits Council of the United States, Inc. and find that there is strong statistical evidence of spatial dependence between state wine excise tax rates. (JEL Classifications: C12, C23, H71)
Crowdfunding in the Wine Industry
Authors: Bargain Olivier , Cardebat Jean-Marie , Vignolles Alexandra 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCrowdfunding has recently emerged as a novel way of financing new ventures. It coincides with a growing interest in wine as an investment good and with a search for new funding opportunities by wine makers. In this study, we examine potential investors willing to engage in wine crowdfunded projects and the kind of revenue that would attract them. We presented an original survey where respondents were asked about their wine consumption and purchase, their knowledge about crowdfunding, their relation to the internet, their investment and project related to wine crowdfunding, and their expectations concerning the returns from this type of contribution. Our results suggest that among all forms of crowdfunding, the donation/voluntary contribution side driven by intrinsic motivation is likely to remain marginal compared to crowdfunding as an investment or a form of early purchase. (JEL Classifications: G11, G12, G21, L17, L66)
Body-shape diversity in Triassic–Early Cretaceous neopterygian fishes: sustained holostean disparity and predominantly gradual increases in teleost phenotypic variety
Authors: Clarke John T. , Friedman Matt 
Published: April 2018

AbstractComprising Holostei and Teleostei, the ~32,000 species of neopterygian fishes are anatomically disparate and represent the dominant group of aquatic vertebrates today. However, the pattern by which teleosts rose to represent almost all of this diversity, while their holostean sister-group dwindled to eight extant species and two broad morphologies, is poorly constrained. A geometric morphometric approach was taken to generate a morphospace from more than 400 fossil taxa, representing almost all articulated neopterygian taxa known from the first 150 million years—roughly 60%—of their history (Triassic‒Early Cretaceous). Patterns of morphospace occupancy and disparity are examined to: (1) assess evidence for a phenotypically “dominant” holostean phase; (2) evaluate whether expansions in teleost phenotypic variety are predominantly abrupt or gradual, including assessment of whether early apomorphy-defined teleosts are as morphologically conservative as typically assumed; and (3) compare diversification in crown and stem teleosts. The systematic affinities of dapediiforms and pycnodontiforms, two extinct neopterygian clades of uncertain phylogenetic placement, significantly impact patterns of morphological diversification. For instance, alternative placements dictate whether or not holosteans possessed statistically higher disparity than teleosts in the Late Triassic and Jurassic. Despite this ambiguity, all scenarios agree that holosteans do not exhibit a decline in disparity during the Early Triassic‒Early Cretaceous interval, but instead maintain their Toarcian‒Callovian variety until the end of the Early Cretaceous without substantial further expansions. After a conservative Induan‒Carnian phase, teleosts colonize (and persistently occupy) novel regions of morphospace in a predominantly gradual manner until the Hauterivian, after which expansions are rare. Furthermore, apomorphy-defined teleosts possess greater phenotypic variety than typically assumed. Comparison of crown and stem teleost partial disparity indicates that, despite a statistically significant increase in crown teleost disparity between the Late Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous, stem teleosts remained important long-term contributors to overall teleost disparity during this time.