bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex‐specific seasonal variation in puma and snow leopard home range utilization
Authors: Johansson Örjan , Koehler Gary , Rauset Geir Rune , Samelius Gustaf , Andrén Henrik , Mishra Charudutt , Lhagvasuren Purevjav , McCarthy Tom , Low Matthew 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTerritory size is often larger for males than for females in species without biparental care. For large solitary carnivores, this is explained by males encompassing a set of female territories to monopolize their reproduction during mating (area maximization). However, males are expected to behave more like females outside of breeding, with their area utilization being dependent on the range required to secure food resources (area minimization). To examine how male and female solitary carnivores adjust their spatial organization during the year as key resources (mates and prey) change, we radio‐collared 17 pumas (Puma concolor; nine males and eight females) and 14 snow leopards (Panthera uncia; seven males and seven females) and estimated home range size and overlap on two temporal scales (annual vs. monthly). Contrary to expectation, we found no evidence that males monopolized females (the mean territory overlap between females and the focal male during the mating season was 0.28 and 0.64 in pumas and snow leopards, respectively). Although male–male overlap of annual home ranges was comparatively high (snow leopards [0.21] vs. pumas [0.11]), monthly home range overlaps were small (snow leopards [0.02] vs. pumas [0.08]) suggesting strong territoriality. In pumas, both males and females reduced their monthly home ranges in winter, and at the same time, prey distribution was clumped and mating activity increased. In snow leopards, females showed little variation in seasonal home range size, following the seasonal stability in their primary prey. However, male snow leopards reduced their monthly home range utilization in the mating season. In line with other studies, our results suggest that female seasonal home range variation is largely explained by changes in food resource distribution. However, contrary to expectations, male territories did not generally encompass those of females, and males reduced their home ranges during mating. Our results show that male and female territorial boundaries tend to intersect in these species, and hint at the operation of female choice and male mate guarding within these mating systems.
Direct and indirect effects of interspecific competition in a highly partitioned guild of reef fishes
Authors: Eurich Jacob G. , McCormick Mark I. , Jones Geoffrey P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCompetitive interactions and resource partitioning facilitate species coexistence in complex ecosystems. However, while pairwise interactions between ecologically similar species have been well studied, multi‐species competitive networks have received less attention. When interference competition between two species results in partitioning of resources, this may have indirect consequences for other species distributed along the same resource gradient. Here, we tested whether interference competition between two territorial damselfish influenced the fine‐scale species distributions of five other territorial damselfish in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea. These species partition habitat across three reef zones—the flat, crest, and slope, with distinct patterns of distribution within these zones. We predicted the two species with similar distributions and microhabitat use, Pomacentrus adelus and Pomacentrus bankanensis, would display the greatest level of aggression toward one another. This was tested through an intruder experiment where stimulus fish were introduced into a resident's territory, which confirmed disproportionately high levels of interspecific aggression between these two species. We also predicted that the fine‐scale differences in the distribution of each species were maintained through multi‐species interference competition among neighboring species, with further indirect effects on species that did not directly interact. To test this, we conducted a large‐scale (22 × 10 m) experimental removal of the most abundant species, Po. adelus, and quantified the abundance and distribution of all territorial damselfish species for 6 months to a 25 cm resolution. The main direct competitor, Po. bankanensis, exhibited a marked increase in abundance and expanded its distribution (+1.33 m) to acquire the space previously occupied by Po. adelus. This competitive release triggered indirect effects on the distribution of other neighboring species further back on the reef flat, with Chrysiptera unimaculata moving into the zone formerly occupied by Po. bankanensis. This study indicates that the distinct distribution patterns among the reef crest species are linked to levels of interspecific agonistic behavior. We argue that the competitive release following the removal of a superior competitor resulted in both direct and indirect effects, with the immediate neighbor shifting into the newly available space, followed by successive shifts in species responding to the change in the distributions of their immediate neighbors.
Prairie dogs and wildfires shape vegetation structure in a sagebrush grassland more than does rest from ungulate grazing
Authors: Connell L. C. , Scasta J. D. , Porensky L. M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUnderstanding drivers of vegetation structure has direct implications for wildlife conservation and livestock management, but the relative importance of multiple disturbances interacting within the same system to shape vegetation structure remains unclear. We investigated the separate and interactive effects of multiple disturbance drivers on vegetation structure through a three‐tiered, large‐scale manipulative experiment in northeast Wyoming,USA. We used nested grazing exclosures to isolate the effects of herbivory from livestock, wild ungulates, or small mammals within areas affected by either historical wildfire, black‐tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies, or neither disturbance. We analyzed the interactive effects of disturbance history and contemporary herbivory by either small mammals alone, small mammals + native ungulates, or small mammals + native ungulates + livestock on vegetation structure by quantifying vegetation height, visual obstruction, shrub density, shrub canopy, and shrub leader growth. The exclusion of wild ungulates and lightly to moderately stocked livestock for two years did not significantly affect herbaceous vegetation structure, shrub density, or shrub canopy cover. Maximum vegetation height, visual obstruction, and heights of grasses and forbs were ~50% lower on black‐tailed prairie dog colonies than in undisturbed areas. Prairie dog colonies contained 71% lower shrub densities than undisturbed sites. Sites with wildfire or black‐tailed prairie dogs had 89% lower canopy cover of shrubs and Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentatassp.wyomingensis), when compared to undisturbed sites. Shrub leaders experienced over 4.5 times more browsing on prairie dog colonies, when compared to undisturbed areas. For most metrics, disturbance history did not modify the effects of contemporary herbivory on vegetation structure. However, shrubs on prairie dog colonies experienced significantly more leader browsing in the combined presence of livestock, native ungulates, and small mammals than in treatments where livestock were excluded. Our research has direct implications for wildlife conservation and rangeland management by demonstrating that short‐term (1–2 yr) rest from large ungulate grazing may not substantially alter vegetation structure in this system. Instead, structural variation is strongly driven by black‐tailed prairie dog colonization and historical wildfire. Understanding and managing multiple, potentially interacting disturbances is critical for maximizing wildlife conservation and livestock production in heterogeneous landscapes.
Electrochemical detection based on nanomaterials in CE and microfluidic systems
Authors: Sierra Tania , Crevillen Agustin G. , Escarpa Alberto 
Published: August 2018

AbstractElectrochemical detection has a great potential in microfluidic systems due to its easy miniaturization without losing analytical performance. In addition, the use of nanomaterials in electroanalysis improves sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility. The topic of this review is the use of nanomaterials (nanoparticles, nanotubes, graphene) in electrochemical detection for capillary electrophoresis and microfluidic systems (microchips and paper based analytical devices). This review covers from 2015 up to now and it is a continuation of our previous review, also published in Electrophoresis journal. The following aspects of the surveyed articles are mainly addressed: type of nanomaterial, protocol of working electrode preparation (composite, drop casting and others), advantages of nanomaterial employment and application field (clinical, food, environmental and home security). The use of nanomaterials is still an interesting approach to improve the analytical performance of electrochemical detection based on microfluidic devices. Along the review, readers will find new protocols for working electrode modification, new carbon nanomaterials and promising applications in the aforementioned fields.
Seismic retrofitting of braced frame buildings by RC rocking walls and viscous dampers
Authors: Barbagallo Francesca , Bosco Melina , Marino Edoardo M. , Rossi Pier Paolo 
Published: August 2018

SummaryA design procedure for seismic retrofitting of concentrically and eccentrically braced frame buildings is proposed and validated in this paper. Rocking walls are added to the existing system to ensure an almost uniform distribution of the interstorey displacement in elevation. To achieve direct and efficient control over the seismic performance, the design procedure is founded on the displacement‐based approach and makes use of overdamped elastic response spectra. The top displacement capacity of the building is evaluated based on a rigid lateral deformed configuration of the structure and on the ductility capacity of the dissipative members of the braced frames. The equivalent viscous damping ratio of the braced structure with rocking walls is calculated based on semi‐empirical relationships specifically calibrated in this paper for concentrically and eccentrically braced frames. If the equivalent viscous damping ratio of the structure is lower than the required equivalent viscous damping ratio, viscous dampers are added and arranged between the rocking walls and adjacent reaction columns. The design internal forces of the rocking walls are evaluated considering the contributions of more than one mode of vibration. The proposed design procedure is applied to a large set of archetype braced frame buildings and its effectiveness verified by nonlinear dynamic analysis.
A numerical coupling scheme for nonlinear time history analysis of buildings on a regional scale considering site‐city interaction effects
Authors: Lu Xinzheng , Tian Yuan , Wang Gang , Huang Duruo 
Published: August 2018

SummarySeismic damage simulation of buildings on a regional scale is important for loss estimation and disaster mitigation of cities. However, the interaction among densely distributed buildings in a city and the site, ie, the “site‐city interaction (SCI) effects,” is often neglected in most regional simulations. Yet, many studies have found that the SCI effects are very important in regional simulations containing a large number of tall buildings and underground structures. Therefore, this work proposed a numerical coupling scheme for nonlinear time history analysis of buildings on a regional scale considering the SCI effects. In this study, multiple‐degree‐of‐freedom models are used to represent different buildings above the ground, while an open source spectral element program, SPEED, is used for simulating wave propagation in underlying soil layers. The proposed numerical scheme is firstly validated through a shaking table test. Then, a detailed discussion on the SCI effects in a 3D basin is performed. Finally, a nonlinear time history analysis of buildings on a regional scale is performed using the Tsinghua University campus in Beijing as a case study. The Tsinghua University campus case results show that the SCI effects will reduce the seismic responses of most buildings. However, some buildings will suffer much more severe damage when the SCI effects are considered, which may depend on the input motions, site characteristics, and building configurations.
Particle transport in gravel‐bed rivers: Revisiting passive tracer data
Authors: Vázquez‐Tarrío Daniel , Recking Alain , Liébault Frédéric , Tal Michal , Menéndez‐Duarte Rosana 
Published: August 2018

AbstractData from tracer experiments were compiled and analysed in order to explore the role of geomorphological, hydrological and sedimentological constraints on fluvial gravel transport in gravel‐bed rivers. A large data set from 217 transport episodes of tagged stones were compiled from 33 scientific papers. Our analyses showed that while magnitude of peak discharge is a major control on gravel transport and mobility, tracer travel distances show some scale dependence on the morphological configuration of the channel. Our results also highlight differences in the way tracers are displaced between step–pool and riffle and pool channels. The riffle–pool sequence seems to be a more efficient trap for travelling gravels than the step–pool pair. In addition, in step–pool channels there are clear differences in tracer transport between observations of first displacements after tracer seeding (unconstrained‐stone conditions), and second and subsequent observations of tracer displacements (constrained‐stone conditions). The comparison between tracer experiments under constrained conditions and those under unconstrained conditions also highlights the importance of bed state and structures in gravel mobility. The results of this study confirm that sediment transport in gravel‐bed rivers is a complex process, whereby sedimentological and geomorphological controls are superimposed on the hydraulic forcing. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delta size and plant patchiness as controls on channel network organization in experimental deltas
Authors: Piliouras Anastasia , Kim Wonsuck 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the feedbacks between water, sediment, and vegetation in deltas is an important part of understanding deltas as ecomorphodynamic systems. We conducted a set of laboratory experiments using alfalfa (Medicago sativa) as a proxy for delta vegetation to investigate: (1) the effects of plants on delta growth and channel network formation; and (2) the timescales controlling delta evolution in the presence of plants. Experiments were conducted with fluctuating discharge (i.e. flood and base flow periods) and variable seeding densities. We found that when deltas were small, channels had no memory across flood cycles, as floods could completely fill the incised channel network. When deltas were large, the larger channel volume could remain underfilled to keep channel memory. Plant patches also helped to increase the number of channels and make a more distributive network. Patchiness increased over time to continually aid in bifurcation, but as vegetation cover and patch sizes increased, patches began to merge. Larger patches blocked the flow to enhance topset deposition and channel filling, even for the case of large deltas with a high channel volume. We conclude that both plant patchiness and delta size affect the development of the channel network, and we hypothesize that their influences are manifested through two competing timescales. The first timescale, Tv, defines the time when the delta is large enough for channels to have memory (i.e. remain underfilled), and the second, Tp, defines the time when vegetation patches merge, amplifying deposition and blocking channels. When run time is between these two timescales, the delta can develop a persistent distributary network of channels aided by bifurcation around plant patches, but once Tp is reached, the channel network can again be destroyed by vegetation. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling eBay price using stochastic differential equations
Authors: Liu Wei Wei , Liu Yan , Chan Ngai Hang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOnline auctions have become increasingly popular in recent years. There is a growing body of research on this topic, whereas modeling online auction price curves constitutes one of the most interesting problems. Most research treats price curves as deterministic functions, which ignores the random effects of external and internal factors. To account for the randomness, a more realistic model using stochastic differential equations is proposed in this paper. The online auction price is modeled by a stochastic differential equation in which the deterministic part is equivalent to the second‐order differential equation model proposed in Wang et al. (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 2008, 103, 1100–1118). The model also includes a component representing the measurement errors. Explicit expressions for the likelihood function are also obtained, from which statistical inference can be conducted. Forecast accuracy of the proposed model is compared with the ODE (ordinary differential equation) approach. Simulation results show that the proposed model performs better.
Age of theYongxin Audeposit in theLesser Xing'an Range: Implications for anEarly Cretaceousgeodynamic setting for gold mineralization inNE China
Authors: Zhao Zhong‐Hai , Sun Jing‐Gui , Li Guang‐Hui , Xu Wen‐Xi , Lü Chang‐Lu , Wu Song , Guo Yan , Ren Liang , Hu Zhong‐Xu 
Published: August 2018

The newly discovered Yongxin Au deposit in the Lesser Xing'an Range of north‐eastern Heilongjiang Province, NE China, has a resource of ~20 t with a grade of 4.1 g/t Au. The deposit is hosted by Carboniferous syenogranite and mylonite, and Cretaceous diorite porphyry and granite porphyry. The syenogranite has a LA‐ICP‐MS206Pb/238U zircon age of 316 ± 2 Ma, and both the granite porphyry and diorite porphyry yield an age of 119 ± 1 Ma. The Rb–Sr isochron age of Au‐bearing pyrite from hydrothermal breccia‐type ore is 107 ± 4 Ma, and this is interpreted as the mineralization age of the Yongxin deposit. In combination with published geochronological data, we argue that epithermal Au mineralization in NE China formed during the period ca. 124 to 107 Ma and was produced during rollback of Palaeo‐Pacific oceanic slab. The Cretaceous epithermal Au deposits are distributed in the Erguna Massif, Lesser Xing'an Range, Zhangguangcai Range, and Jiamusi and Nadanhada terranes. In combination with the coeval porphyry Mo deposits present in these areas, we propose that the Erguna Massif, Lesser Xing'an Range, north‐eastern Great Xing'an Range, and eastern Jiamusi and Nadanhada terranes, where only epithermal gold deposits were discovered up to date, might be prospective for concealed porphyry Cu or Mo deposits.
Colposcopic biopsy findings among women with either HPV‐16 only or HPV‐18 only who have normal cervical cytology
Authors: Yalcin Ibrahim , Sari Mustafa E. , Sahin Hanifi , Gultekin Murat , Gungor Tayfun , Meydanli Mehmet M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo compare colposcopic biopsy results among women with normal cervical cytology who had positive test results for either HPV‐16 only or HPV‐18 only.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, between July 1, 2015, and October 31, 2017. Colposcopic biopsy results were compared among women in the HPV‐16 only (n=185) and HPV‐18 only (n=43) groups.ResultsWomen who had HPV‐16 only were more likely to be smokers than women with HPV‐18 only (P=0.003). By contrast, women with HPV‐18 only were more likely to be aged at least 45 years than women who had HPV‐16 only (P=0.038). High‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were detected more frequently in the HPV‐16 only group (51 [27.6%]) than in the HPV‐18 only group (4 [9.3%]; P=0.010). By contrast, no between‐group difference was found for the rate of invasive cervical cancer, which was detected in 1 (0.5%) woman in the HPV‐16 only group and 1 (2.3%) woman in HPV‐18 only group (P=0.342).ConclusionAlthough the risk of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions was increased among women with HPV‐16 only, this finding did not influence the rate of invasive cervical cancer when compared with women in the HPV‐18 only group.
Impact of interval from primary cytoreductive surgery to initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Lee Yoo‐Young , Lee Jeong‐Won , Lu Lin , Xu Wei , Kollara Alexandra , Brown Theodore , Heo Eun‐Jin , May Taymaa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the optimal timing of adjuvant chemotherapy after primary cytoreductive surgery for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort analysis, data were assessed from women with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma treated at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada between 2002 and 2012, and at Samsung Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea, between 2002 and 2015. The treatment interval was defined as the time period between primary cytoreductive surgery and the first cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy.ResultsOverall, 711 women met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 247 (34.7%) had optimal cytoreduction (residual 1–9 mm), 229 (32.2%) had microscopic residual disease (0 mm), and 235 (33.1%) had suboptimal cytoreduction (≥10 mm). The median time of treatment interval was 10 days (range 3–86 days). In the optimal (1–9 mm) group, a longer treatment interval was significantly associated with poor overall survival (hazard ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.03; P=0.001) in multivariate analysis. Treatment interval was not associated with a significant difference in overall survival in the microscopic or suboptimal residual disease groups.ConclusionOverall survival might be negatively affected by longer treatment intervals among women with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
Postpartum physical intimate partner violence among women in rural Zambia
Authors: Munro‐Kramer Michelle L. , Scott Nancy , Boyd Carol J. , Veliz Philip T. , Murray Sarah M. , Musonda Gertrude , Lori Jody R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the demographic characteristics and mental health of women in rural Zambia who experienced physical intimate partner violence (IPV) postpartum.MethodsThe present secondary analysis was conducted using baseline data from an impact evaluation of a maternity waiting home intervention in rural Zambia. A quantitative household survey was conducted over 6 weeks, from mid‐April to late May, 2016, at 40 rural health facility catchment areas among 2381 postpartum women (13 months after delivery; age ≥15 years).ResultsA total of 192 (8.1%) women reported experiencing any type of physical IPV in the preceding 2 weeks; 126 had experienced severe physical IPV (had been kicked, dragged, beat, and/or choked by a husband or partner). High levels of depression were recorded for 174 (7.3%) women in the preceding 2 weeks. Being a female head of household was associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing severe physical IPV (aOR 2.64, 95% CI 1.70–4.10). Women with high depression scores were also at an increased risk of experiencing any physical IPV (aOR 17.1, 95% CI 8.44–34.9) and severe physical IPV (aOR 15.4, 95% CI 5.17–45.9).ConclusionFuture work should consider the implications of government and educational policies that could impact the screening and treatment of pregnant women affected by all forms of physical IPV and depression in rural Zambia.