bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disciplinary Literacy Versus Doing School
Authors: Windschitl Mark 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWithin the context of schooling, conceptions of literacy are increasingly being associated with the capacity for learners to engage in disciplinary meaning making through face‐to‐face deliberation and dialogue. In this commentary, the author explores how a conversational infrastructure—meaning routines for talk, norms, scaffolds, and a repertoire of talk moves—can help teachers foster a discourse community in their classrooms. Such an infrastructure can support students of all backgrounds to explore, through discourse, how claims are made by members of a discipline, what counts as evidence, and the ground rules by which members of a knowledge‐building community can engage one another in justifying certain points of view while acknowledging alternatives. This vision is presented as an alternative to the unspoken rules and rituals that sociologists refer to as doing school, which serve to constrain academically productive talk in many classrooms.
Pain at Multiple Sites Is Associated With Prevalent and Incident Fractures in Older Adults
Authors: Pan Feng , Tian Jing , Aitken Dawn , Cicuttini Flavia , Jones Graeme 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Musculoskeletal pain is common and typically occurs at multiple sites. Pain has been shown to be associated with falls risk; however, whether an increased risk for falls associated with multisite pain (MSP) translates into an increased risk of fractures has not been investigated. This study aimed to examine the association of number of painful sites with prevalent and incident fractures. Data from a longitudinal population-based study of older adults (mean age 63 years) were utilized. Follow-up was performed at 2.6, 5.1, and 10.7 years later, respectively. Presence/absence of pain at the neck, back, hands, shoulders, hips, knees, and feet was assessed by questionnaire at baseline. Participants were classified into three groups according to the total number of painful sites: zero to two, three to four, and five to seven. Fractures were self-reported at each time point. BMD was measured by DXA. Falls risk was calculated based on the Short-Form Physiological Profile Assessment. Log-binomial regression was used for the analyses. There were 450 fractures at baseline and 154 new fractures reported during a mean follow-up period of 10.7 years (range 9.2 to 12.5 years). In multivariable analyses, number of painful sites was associated with prevalent fractures at any and nonvertebral site. Furthermore, participants with five to seven painful sites had an increased risk of incident fractures at any site (RR 1.69; 95% CI, 1.13 to 2.53); major site, including the femur, radius, ulnar, vertebral, rib, and humerus (RR 2.17; 95% CI 1.12 to 4.22); and vertebral site (RR 6.44, 95% CI, 1.64 to 25.33) compared with those with pain at zero to two sites. These associations remained statistically significant after further adjustment for falls risk and BMD. Pain at multiple sites was associated with incident fracture risk in a dose-response manner, suggesting that widespread pain is an independent contributor to fracture risk. The potential for pain management in fracture prevention warrants further exploration. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Silencing FUNDC1 alleviates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by inhibiting mitochondrial autophagy and bronchial epithelium cell apoptosis under hypoxic environment
Authors: Wen Wen , Yu Guoqing , Liu Wei , Gu Lei , Chu Jiahui , Zhou Xiao , Liu Yuebin , Lai Guoxiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global epidemic with increasing incidence worldwide. The pathogenesis of COPD is involved with mitochondrial autophagy. Recently, it has been reported that FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1) is a mediator of mitochondrial autophagy. Therefore, we hypothesized that FUNDC1 was involved in cigarette smoke (CS)‐induced COPD progression by regulating mitochondrial autophagy. In vitro cigarette smoke extract (CSE)‐treated human bronchial epithelial cell (hBEC) Beas‐2B cell line and in vivo CS‐induced COPD mouse models were developed, in which FUNDC1 expression was measured. Next, whether FUNDC1 interacted with dynamin‐related protein 1 (DRP1) in COPD was investigated. The functional mechanism of FUNDC1 in COPD was evaluated through gain‐ or loss‐of‐function studies. Then, pulmonary function, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) and mucociliary clearance (MCC) were examined. Levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and expression of autophagy‐specific markers (light chain 3 [LC3] II, LC3 I, and Tom20) were measured. Finally, apoptosis and mitochondrial autophagy were assessed. FUNDC1 was highly expressed in CSE‐treated hBECs and COPD mice. Meanwhile, FUNDC1 was proved to interact with DRP1 in CSE‐treated cells. Moreover, in CSE‐treated hBECs, silencing FUNDC1 was observed to reduce levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐α, and MTP but increase MCC, and inhibit CSE‐induced mitochondrial autophagy and Beas‐2B cell apoptosis, which was consistent with the trend in COPD mouse models. In addition, pulmonary function of COPD mouse models was increased in response to FUNDC1 silencing. Finally, silencing of DRP1 also inhibited mitochondrial autophagy and Beas‐2B cell apoptosis. Collectively, FUNDC1 silencing could suppress the progression of COPD by inhibiting mitochondrial autophagy and hBEC apoptosis through interaction with DRP1, highlighting a potential therapeutic target for COPD treatment.
The association between interleukin‐21 (rs2055979G/T) gene polymorphism and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and metastasis in patients with hepatitis C virus
Authors: Bakr Noha M. , Awad Ashraf , Moustafa Emad A. , El‐Gebaly Ahmed M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCancer prevalence is critically increasing worldwide; accordingly, improved prediction and therapeutic tools are necessary. Interleukin (IL)‐21 is a potent antitumor cytokine, and the relationship between its gene variations and cancer risk is well established. Nevertheless, so far no study has investigated its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and metastasis in hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected people. Therefore, the present investigation was led on 267 Egyptian participants, involving 177 patients with HCV of which 90 patients had HCC (HCC group), 87 patients without HCC (non‐HCC group), and 90 unrelated healthy controls. The association between rs2221903A/G and rs2055979G/T of the IL‐21 gene and the risk of HCC and metastasis, as well as the clinico‐pathological features, were analyzed. While rs2221903A/G polymorphism was not polymorphic in our cohort, patients carrying the genotype TT and allele T of the rs2055979G/T polymorphism had a significantly lower risk of HCC when comparing with HCC group and healthy controls. Also, participants carrying the aforementioned genotype and allele had a significantly lower risk of metastasis when comparing metastatic group with both nonmetastatic group and control group. The rs2055979G/T polymorphism was not significantly associated with clinico‐pathological features of HCC. This is the first study to report a relationship between an intronic polymorphism in IL‐21 gene and HCC and metastasis risk in the Egyptian people, in addition to identifying a potential new marker for the early detection and treatment of HCC.
Retracted: miR‐942 promotes tumor migration, invasion, and angiogenesis by regulating EMT via BARX2 in non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Yang Fengming , Shao Chuchu , Wei Ke , Jing Xinming , Qin Zhiqiang , Shi Yuenian , Shu Yongqian , Shen Hua 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEpithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has an important function in cancer. Recently, microRNAs have been reported to be involved in EMT by regulating target genes. miR‐942 is considered a novel oncogene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, its role in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been investigated. In this study, the expression of miR‐942 in NSCLC patients tumor and paired adjacent tissues were assessed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. Transwell, wound healing, tube formation, and tail vein xenograft assays were conducted to assess miR‐942′s function in NSCLC. Potential miR‐942 targets were confirmed using dual‐luciferase reporter assays, immunohistochemistry, immunoblot, and rescue experiments. The results showed miR‐942 is relatively highly expressed in human NSCLC tissues and cells. In vitro assays demonstrated that overexpression of miR‐942 promoted cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Tail vein xenograft assays suggested that miR‐942 contributed to NSCLC metastasis in vivo. Three bioinformatics software was searched, and BARX2 was predicted as a downstream target of miR‐942. Direct interaction between them was validated by dual‐luciferase assays. Rescue experiments further confirmed that BARX2 overexpression could reverse functional changes caused by miR‐942. Moreover, miR‐942 increased EMT‐associated proteins N‐cadherin and vimentin by inhibiting BARX2, while E‐cadherin expression is reduced. In summary, this study reveals that miR‐942 induces EMT‐related metastasis by directly targeting BARX2, which may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
Systematic review: Pelvic floor muscle training for functional bowel symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Khera Angela J , Chase Janet W , Salzberg Michael , Thompson Alexander J V , Kamm Michael A 
Published: June 2019

Background and AimLarge bowel functional symptoms are common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who are in disease remission. The efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training for symptoms of evacuation difficulty or fecal incontinence is well established in patients without organic bowel disease but is unknown in these patients. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the published evidence in this group of patients.MethodsA systematic review was conducted of articles evaluating pelvic floor muscle training, with or without biofeedback, to improve bowel function in patients with quiescent IBD, including those with an ileoanal pouch. The outcome of interest was improved bowel function measured by bowel diary, patient report, or validated questionnaire in randomized controlled studies, cohort studies, or case series.ResultsTwo randomized controlled trials, four retrospective case series, and one prospective study met eligibility criteria. Pelvic floor muscle training for patients with quiescent IBD improved symptoms in 51 of 76 (68%) patients with evacuation difficulty and 20 of 25 (80%) patients with fecal incontinence. Pelvic floor muscle training for patients with an ileoanal pouch, prior to stoma closure, did not appear to reduce the risk or severity of fecal incontinence following stoma closure. Studies were limited by small numbers, study design, methodological quality, and lack of long‐term follow‐up.ConclusionPelvic floor muscle training appears to be of therapeutic value in some patients with quiescent IBD and evacuation difficulty or fecal incontinence. The effectiveness of this approach warrants further investigation.
Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 for therapeutic genome editing
Authors: Xu Xiaojie , Wan Tao , Xin Huhu , Li Da , Pan Hongming , Wu Jun , Ping Yuan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe clustered, regularly‐interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)‐associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) is emerging as a promising genome‐editing tool for treating diseases in a precise way, and has been applied to a wide range of research in the areas of biology, genetics, and medicine. Delivery of therapeutic genome‐editing agents provides a promising platform for the treatment of genetic disorders. Although viral vectors are widely used to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 elements with high efficiency, they suffer from several drawbacks, such as mutagenesis, immunogenicity, and off‐target effects. Recently, non‐viral vectors have emerged as another class of delivery carriers in terms of their safety, simplicity, and flexibility. In this review, we discuss the modes of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery, the barriers to the delivery process and the application of CRISPR/Cas9 system for the treatment of genetic disorders. We also highlight several representative types of non‐viral vectors, including polymers, liposomes, cell‐penetrating peptides, and other synthetic vectors, for the therapeutic delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system. The applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in treating genetic disorders mediated by the non‐viral vectors are also discussed.
Interfacial Dilational Rheology of Sodium Lauryl Glycine and Mixtures with Conventional Surfactants
Authors: Chen Zhenghong , Zhang Pingping , Sun Yimeng , Wang Ce , Xu Baocai 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAmino acid‐based surfactants are environmentally friendly surfactants, which have aroused increasing interest. In the application of amino acid‐based surfactants, they are often compounded with other kinds of surfactants to obtain formulations that meet certain requirements. Herein, sodium lauroyl glycinate (C12‐Gly‐Na) was selected as a representative amino acid‐based surfactant to compound with an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS]), a cationic surfactant (dodecyl trimethyl ammonium Bromide), and a nonionic surfactant (Triton X‐100: p‐octyl polyethylene glycol phenyl ether). Surface tension measurements and interfacial dilational rheological experiments were performed to study the interfacial behaviors of C12‐Gly‐Na and its mixtures. The results show that mixture systems have better interfacial activity than individual C12‐Gly‐Na and there is an obvious synergy between C12‐Gly‐Na and C12TAB under strong electrostatic attraction. Thus, the C12‐Gly‐Na/C12TAB mixture shows lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) and
γCMC and higher dilational modulus than the individual surfactants. Besides, the film formed by the C12‐Gly‐Na/C12TAB mixture has higher viscoelasticity than single C12‐Gly‐Na and its mixtures with SDS and TX‐100. With the increase of bulk concentration, the dilational moduli of C12‐Gly‐Na, C12‐Gly‐Na/SDS, and C12‐Gly‐Na/TX‐100 run through two maxima, while, due to stronger electrostatic attraction, only one maximum appears in the C12‐Gly‐Na/C12TAB system. The study of the interfacial properties of amino acid surfactant and its mixtures with other surfactants provides a theoretical foundation for potential applications in cosmetic, food processing, and daily chemical industries.
Financial toxicity risk among adult patients undergoing cancer surgery in the United States: An analysis of the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Farooq Ayesha , Merath Katiuscha , Hyer J. Madison , Paredes Anghela Z. , Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Sahara Kota , Mehta Rittal , Wu Lu , Cloyd Jordan M. , Ejaz Aslam , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveFinancial hardship occurring as a result of cancer treatment has been termed financial toxicity and is an established side effect of the cancer treatment. We investigated the risk of financial toxicity among patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancers.MethodsAll uninsured and privately insured patients who underwent surgery for a gastrointestinal cancer were identified from the National Inpatient Sample. Publicly available government data were used estimate income, food expenditure, and average maximum out‐of‐pocket expenditure. Risk of financial toxicity was defined as health expenditure ≥ 40% of postsubsistence income.ResultsAmong the 78 545 patients in the analytic cohort, 73 305 individuals had private insurance while 5240 patients were uninsured. Overall median hospital charges were $58 651 (IQR: $37 912‐$95 379). Approximately 90% of uninsured and 10% of privately insured patients were at risk of financial toxicity. At the subpopulation level, patients in the lowest income quartile, undergoing emergency surgery, black or hispanic individuals, and those undergoing surgery for esophageal or colon cancer were more likely to experience catastrophic costs following surgery (P < .001).ConclusionApproximately 9 in 10 uninsured and 1 in 10 privately insured patients with cancer were at risk of financial toxicity after the surgery. Targeted interventions are needed to provide financial protection to patients undergoing the cancer treatment.
The Size of Internal Auditory Canal Diverticula Is Unrelated to Degree of Hearing Loss
Authors: Muelleman Thomas J. , Pippin Kaley , Shew Matthew , Villwock Mark , Lin James , Quesnel Alicia M. , Ledbetter Luke , Staecker Hinrich 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTo explore the relationship between hearing loss and the internal auditory canal (IAC) diverticula. To determine whether diverticula exist within or medial to the otic capsule and the prevalence in a control population.MethodsRetrospective review of adult patients with radiologic evidence of an IAC diverticulum, no evidence of otosclerosis, and audiometric testing. Analyzed degree of hearing loss and width, length, height, and volume of diverticulum. Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements lateral and medial to the diverticulum.ResultsPure tone average (PTA), air‐bone gap, and WRS (word recognition score) did not correlate with length, width, height, and volume of the diverticula. In patients with a unilateral diverticulum, there was no difference in mean PTA or WRS when comparing the diverticulum and nondiverticulum sides. Mean HU lateral to the diverticulum (2104 HU) was found to be significantly higher than medial to the diverticulum (1818 HU). There is a 5.6% prevalence of IAC diverticula in patients who underwent high‐resolution computed tomography (CT) scans for chronic sinusitis (control group).ConclusionThese data support the notion that hearing loss in this population is a product of sampling bias. The size of IAC diverticula does not correlate with the degree of hearing loss, and there is no statistically significant association between sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and the presence of an IAC diverticulum. IAC diverticula may exist medial to, rather than within, the otic capsule given the significant difference in mean HUs medial and lateral to the diverticula.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:1011–1015, 2020
Measuring the impact of oceanographic indices on species distribution shifts: The spatially varying effect of cold‐pool extent in the eastern Bering Sea
Authors: Thorson James T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOceanographers have spent decades developing annual indices that summarize physical conditions in marine ecosystems. Examples include the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, summarizing annual variation in the location of warm waters in the North Pacific, and cold‐pool extent (CPE), summarizing the area with cold near‐bottom waters in the eastern Bering Sea. However, these indices are rarely included in the species distribution models that are used to identify and forecast distribution shifts under future climate scenarios. I therefore review three interpretations of spatially varying coefficient models, explain how they can be used to estimate spatial patterns of population density associated with oceanographic indices, and add this option to the multivariate spatiotemporal model VAST. I then use a case study involving bottom trawl data for 17 fish and decapod species in the eastern Bering Sea 1982–2017 to answer: does a spatially varying coefficient model for CPE explain variation in spatial distribution for species in this region? And (2) does a spatially varying effect of CPE remain substantial even when local temperature is also included as a covariate? Results show that CPE and local bottom temperature are both identified as parsimonious by Akaike Information Criterion for 13 of 17 species, jointly explain nearly 9%–14% of spatiotemporal variation on average, and CPE does explain variation in excess of local temperature alone. I therefore conclude that spatially varying coefficient models are a useful way to assimilate oceanographic indices within species distribution models, and hypothesize that these will be useful to account for decadal‐scale variability within multidecadal forecasts of distribution shift.
Image‐Guided Ablation of Dental Calculus From Root Surfaces Using a DPSS Er:YAG Laser
Authors: Fried William A. , Chan Kenneth H. , Darling Cynthia L. , Curtis Donald A. , Fried Daniel 
Published: June 2019

Background and ObjectivesRecent studies have demonstrated that near‐infrared (IR) imaging can be used to acquire high‐contrast images of root caries and calculus on the root surfaces of extracted teeth at wavelengths longer than 1450 nm. The purpose of this study was to determine if image‐guided laser ablation can be used to selectively remove calculus from tooth surfaces with minimal damage to the underlying sound cementum and dentin.Materials and MethodsIn this study, sequential near‐IR images at 1500–1700 nm were used to guide a diode‐pumped (DPSS) Er:YAG laser for the removal of calculus from the root surfaces of 10 extracted teeth. The selectivity of removal was assessed using digital microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and surface profilometry.ResultsCalculus was removed rapidly with minimal damage to the underlying sound cementum and dentin. Image‐guided ablation achieved high‐selectivity, the mean volume of calculus removal was more than 27 times higher than the mean loss of cementum.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated that near‐IR image‐guided laser ablation can be used for the selective removal of calculus from root surfaces ex vivo. Additionally, we have demonstrated that a diode‐pumped solid‐state Er:YAG laser is well suited for selective removal. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of Gelatin‐Alginate Hydrogels for Burn Wound Treatment
Authors: Stubbe Birgit , Mignon Arn , Declercq Heidi , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Dubruel Peter 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHydrogels are interesting as wound dressing for burn wounds to maintain a moist environment. Especially gelatin and alginate based wound dressings show strong potential. Both polymers are modified by introducing photocrosslinkable functionalities and combined to hydrogel films (gel‐MA/alg‐MA). In one protocol gel‐MA films are incubated in alg‐MA solutions and crosslinked afterward into double networks. Another protocol involves blending both and subsequent photocrosslinking. The introduction of alginate into the gelatin matrix results in phase separation with polysaccharide microdomains in a protein matrix. Addition of alg(‐MA) to gel‐MA leads to an increased swelling compared to 100% gelatin and similar to the commercial Aquacel Ag dressing. In vitro tests show better cell adhesion for films which have a lower alginate content and also have superior mechanical properties. The hydrogel dressings exhibit good biocompatibility with adaptable cell attachment properties. An adequate gelatin‐alginate ratio should allow application of the materials as wound dressings for several days without tissue ingrowth.