bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medikamentöse Therapie kardiologischer Erkrankungen im Alter
Authors: Schwinger Robert 
Published: February 2018

AbstractElderly people show increased probability to develop atherosclerotic diseases; in consequence heart failure – most often following coronary heart disease – as well as atrial fibrillation is more common. Following guidelines may lead to polypharmacy, i. e. use of more than 5 drugs daily. Thus, drug interactions as well as side effects become more likely; especially in elderly patients reduced kidney function has to be taken into account. Only drugs which have shown to prolong life or to reduce symptoms in controlled clinical trials should be used. There is little evidence to use low dose aspirin or lipid lowering agents in primary prevention especially in elderly. ACE inhibitors, β blocker and MRA are effective to improve symptoms and outcome in HFrEF but not in HFmEF or HFpEF. This also holds true for the elderly. Withdrawal of long term diuretic treatment in the elderly patients may lead to symptoms of heart failure or increase in blood pressure to hypertensive values often. In coronary heart disease ß blocker may be used to control symptoms as well as to reduce the need for coronary intervention following 1 year after myocardial infarction. Because the risk of stroke increases with age more than the risk of bleeding, the absolute benefit of oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation patients is highest in the elderly. NOAK appear to be safer and at least as efficacious as warfarin.
Prospective Comparison of a Metal-Free Ceramic Total Knee Arthroplasty with an Identical Metal System
Authors: Trieb Klemens , Ullmann David , Metzinger Katharina , Kramar Reinhard , Mauerer Andreas , Hofstätter Stefan , Fiala Rainer 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Aims The aim of this open-label, prospective, short-term study was to carry out an initial comparison of a completely metal-free ceramic with a geometrically identical metallic arthroplasty over a 1-year follow-up period.
Methods This study investigates a completely metal-free system using a composite matrix material containing aluminum oxide (Al2O3, BPK-S Integration, Peter Brehm GmbH, Weisendorf, Germany) or zirconium oxide (ZrO2, BPK-S Integration Ceramic, Biolox Delta-CeramTec GmbH, Plochingen, Germany). Eighty patients (40 in each group) received either a completely metal-free ceramic system (matrix of aluminum and zirconium oxide) or an anatomically identical metallic knee system made of a cobalt-chromium alloy. Clinical assessment was performed preoperatively, and during follow-up at 3 and 12 months, using the Knee Society Score, Oxford Knee Score, and EQ-5D-VAS. For radiological evaluation, standard preoperative and postoperative standardized radiographs were taken at the given follow-up visits.
Results The postoperative clinical scores improved significantly at the 3- and 12-month follow-ups, but did not differ statistically between the two groups. The radiologically evaluated mean postoperative mechanical and anatomical axes showed proper alignment within both groups at all times. No revision surgery had to be performed, and no complications or loosening were recorded whatsoever.
Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing a total ceramic metal-free knee system with a geometrically identical metallic TKA (total knee arthroplasty). Longer follow-ups will be required to demonstrate the overall efficiency of this TKR and perhaps to expand its medical indication.
Koriander: Coriandrum sativum L. – Eine Heilpflanze mit vielen Facetten
Authors: Israel Sabine 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungDer ursprünglich aus dem östlichen Mittelmeergebiet stammende, anpassungsfähige Koriander hat in den letzten 3000 Jahren einen globalen Siegeszug angetreten. Die verschiedensten Kulturen schätzen ihn als Gewürz- und Heilpflanze. Dem typischen Geruch verdankt der Koriander seinen Namen. Im Griechischen bedeutet „koris“ Wanze und „aneson“ Anis, welches den Duft der reifen Früchte beschreibt. Bei uns trägt er die Namen Gartenkoriander, Stinkdill, Krapfenkorn, Kaliander, Wandläusekraut, Schwindelkraut, Asiatische Petersilie oder Wanzenkümmel. Dass eine Pflanze, die zumindest im unreifen Stadium doch recht eigenartig riecht eine solche Bedeutung besitzt, muss an ihren „inneren Werten“ liegen. Tatsächlich kann die Korianderpflanze in vielerlei Hinsicht mit besonderen Inhaltsstoffen aufwarten, die zunehmend in den Fokus neuerer wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen gelangt sind. Dieses Pflanzenporträt möchte einen kleinen Einblick in die vielfältigen Wirkungsweisen der Korianderpflanze vermitteln.
Myasthenia Gravis: Family Planning, Pregnancy and Delivery
Authors: Thieme Andrea , Kalischewski Petra 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMyasthenia gravis affects women younger than 40 about three times more frequently than men. Therefore, questions about family planning, pregnancy and delivery are common for these patients and their treating physicians. The outcome for mother and child depends a good deal on knowledge of the influence of pregnancy on myasthenia, therapy options, the relationship between the disease and delivery and the newborn. This paper provides an overview of these situations to support women with myasthenia gravis and their physicians in their decision-making regarding desire for children, the course of pregnancy and delivery and neonatal considerations. With thorough advice, good preparation and support of partners and families, the desire for a child can come true for patients with myasthenia gravis. Taking special precautions and with interdisciplinary treatment, the risks for mother and child can be minimized.
Double-stranded DNA break polarity skews repair pathway choice during intrachromosomal and interchromosomal recombination
Authors: Ling Alexanda K. , So Clare C. , Le Michael X. , Chen Audrey Y. , Hung Lisa , Martin Alberto 
Published: February 2018

Significance
DNA lesions initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) during class switch recombination (CSR) are diverse, and knowledge of the relationship between specific DNA lesions and DNA repair outcomes remains incomplete. Using the Cas9 endonuclease, we show that Cas9 models AID-mediated lesions leading to CSR and chromosomal translocations, and that double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) with 5′ overhangs skew intrachromosomal and interchromosomal end-joining toward alternative end-joining. These data establish a role for DSB end polarity in choosing the DNA repair pathway. This work provides a greater understanding of how diverse DNA lesions are differentially repaired, which will improve our understanding of the mechanism of physiological processes required for adaptive immunity and protective mechanisms that maintain genomic integrity from diverse threats.
Epistemic and evidential modification in Spanish and Portuguese
Authors: Kocher Anna 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article focuses on three constructions in Spanish and Portuguese that contain epistemic and evidential modifiers. It proposes that these constructions can be analyzed as cases of near-synonymy. Two of them are attested cross-linguistically: in the first, the modifiers function as predicative adjectives in impersonal copula clauses, while in the second, they are sentential adverbs. In the third type of construction, typical of the languages under investigation, the modifiers are followed by the complementizerqueand introduce root clauses. The first part of the article describes the interpretive contrasts between the three constructions. The modifiers receive a different (inter)subjective reading depending on the construction in which they appear. Additionally, they operate on different levels of (non-)at-issue meaning. The second part of the article presents a quantitative study that complements the insights from the first part. In this empirical study, the influence of the text type, the modifier and the language on the choice of construction is modeled statistically. The results support the idea that the constructions are stylistic near-synonyms since their choice is strongly determined by the text type they appear in.
Directness vs. indirectness
Authors: Marsily Aurélie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to examine the cross-cultural differences between (in)direct Spanish and French request formulations, adopting a pragmatic approach. More specifically, this study focusses on pragmatic equivalences in request formulations in informal and educational contexts, in French and Spanish corpora. In order to do so, a taxonomy was developed, based on the literature and on the analysis of the Spanish and French corpora. The analysis of the data shows that, on the one hand, direct strategies are among the most frequent request formulations in both corpora and, on the other, some formulations are similar in Spanish and in French but that their pragmatic interpretation or their frequency differs.
The origin of oceanic crust and metabasic rocks protolith, the Luk Ulo Mélange Complex, Indonesia
Authors: Permana H , Munasri  , Mukti Maruf M , Nurhidayati A U , Aribowo S 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The Luk Ulo Mélange Complex (LUMC) is composed of tectonic slices of rocks that surrounded by scaly clay matrix. These rocks consist of serpentinite, gabbro, diabase, and basalt, eclogite, blueschist, amphibolite, schist, gneiss, phylite and slate, granite, chert, red limestone, claystone and sandstone. The LUMC was formed since Paleocene to Eocene, gradually uplifted of HP-UHP metabasic-metapelite (P: 20-27kbar; T: 410-628°C) to near surface mixed with hemipelagic sedimentary rocks. The metamorphic rocks were formed during 101-125 Ma (Early Cretaceous) within 70 to 100 km depth and ∼6°C/km thermal gradient. It took about 50-57 Myr for these rocks to reach the near surface during Paleocene-Eocene, with an uplift rate at ∼1.4-1.8 km/year to form the mélange complex. The low thermal gradient was due to subduction of old and cold oceanic crust. The subducted oceanic crust (MORB) as protolith of Cretaceous metabasic rocks must be older than Cretaceous. The data show that the basalt of oceanic crust is Cretaceous (130-81 Ma) comparable to the age of the cherts (Early to Late Cretaceous). Therefore, we consider that neither oceanic crust exposed in LUMC nor all of part of the old oceanic crust is the protolith of LUMC metabasic subducted beneath the Eurasian Plate. These oceanic rocks possibly originated or part of the edge of micro-continental that merged as a part of the LUMC during the collision with the Eurasian margin.
Spatial resolution enhancement of satellite image data using fusion approach
Authors: Lestiana H , Sukristiyanti  
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Object identification using remote sensing data has a problem when the spatial resolution is not in accordance with the object. The fusion approach is one of methods to solve the problem, to improve the object recognition and to increase the objects information by combining data from multiple sensors. The application of fusion image can be used to estimate the environmental component that is needed to monitor in multiple views, such as evapotranspiration estimation, 3D ground-based characterisation, smart city application, urban environments, terrestrial mapping, and water vegetation. Based on fusion application method, the visible object in land area has been easily recognized using the method. The variety of object information in land area has increased the variation of environmental component estimation. The difficulties in recognizing the invisible object like Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD), especially in tropical area, might be decreased by the fusion method. The less variation of the object in the sea surface temperature is a challenge to be solved.
Altruistic decisions following penetrating traumatic brain injury
Authors: Moll Jorge , de Oliveira-Souza Ricardo , Basilio Rodrigo , Bramati Ivanei Edson , Gordon Barry , Rodríguez-Nieto Geraldine , Zahn Roland , Krueger Frank , Grafman Jordan 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The cerebral correlates of altruistic decisions have increasingly attracted the interest of neuroscientists. To date, investigations on the neural underpinnings of altruistic decisions have primarily been conducted in healthy adults undergoing functional neuroimaging as they engaged in decisions to punish third parties. The chief purpose of the present study was to investigate altruistic decisions following focal brain damage with a novel altruistic decision task. In contrast to studies that have focused either on altruistic punishment or donation, the Altruistic Decision Task allows players to anonymously punish or donate to 30 charitable organizations involved with salient societal issues such as abortion, nuclear energy and civil rights. Ninety-four Vietnam War veterans with variable patterns of penetrating traumatic brain injury and 28 healthy veterans who also served in combat participated in the study as normal controls. Participants were asked to invest $1 to punish or reward real societal organizations, or keep the money for themselves. Associations between lesion distribution and performance on the task were analysed with multivariate support vector regression, which enables the assessment of the joint contribution of multiple regions in the determination of a given behaviour of interest. Our main findings were: (i) bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal lesions increased altruistic punishment, whereas lesions of the right perisylvian region and left temporo-insular cortex decreased punishment; (ii) altruistic donations were increased by bilateral lesions of the dorsomedial parietal cortex, whereas lesions of the right posterior superior temporal sulcus and middle temporal gyri decreased donations; (iii) altruistic punishment and donation were only weakly correlated, emphasizing their dissociable neuroanatomical associations; and (iv) altruistic decisions were not related to post-traumatic personality changes. These findings indicate that altruistic punishment and donation are determined by largely non-overlapping cerebral regions, which have previously been implicated in social cognition and moral experience such as evaluations of intentionality and intuitions of justice and morality.
10.1093/brain/awy064_video1 awy064media1 5758316955001
Movement Decomposition in the Primary Motor Cortex
Authors: Kadmon Harpaz Naama , Ungarish David , Hatsopoulos Nicholas G , Flash Tamar 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
A complex action can be described as the composition of a set of elementary movements. While both kinematic and dynamic elements have been proposed to compose complex actions, the structure of movement decomposition and its neural representation remain unknown. Here, we examined movement decomposition by modeling the temporal dynamics of neural populations in the primary motor cortex of macaque monkeys performing forelimb reaching movements. Using a hidden Markov model, we found that global transitions in the neural population activity are associated with a consistent segmentation of the behavioral output into acceleration and deceleration epochs with directional selectivity. Single cells exhibited modulation of firing rates between the kinematic epochs, with abrupt changes in spiking activity timed with the identified transitions. These results reveal distinct encoding of acceleration and deceleration phases at the level of M1, and point to a specific pattern of movement decomposition that arises from the underlying neural activity. A similar approach can be used to probe the structure of movement decomposition in different brain regions, possibly controlling different temporal scales, to reveal the hierarchical structure of movement composition.
Molecular control of the identity of tissue-resident macrophages
Authors: Okabe Yasutaka 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Macrophages are present in virtually almost all tissues, exhibiting highly heterogeneous phenotypes as a consequence of adaptation to local tissue environments. Tissue-resident macrophages perform specialized functions that are essential for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and abnormalities of their functions are linked to various pathologies. Recent advances have shown that tissue-specific transcriptional programs are responsible for functional specialization of macrophages in different tissues. Here, I discuss the molecular basis of tissue-resident macrophage specialization and how it is regulated by tissue environmental cues.
Clues in Histopathological Diagnosis of Panniculitis
Authors: Llamas Velasco Mar , Pérez-Gónzalez Yosmar Carolina , Kempf Werner , Paredes Bruno Emilio , Cerroni Lorenzo , Fernández Figueras María Teresa 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Panniculitides comprise a group of heterogeneous inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, histopathological study along with clinicopathological correlation usually led to a specific diagnosis. In most textbooks, the first step in the diagnosis is to classify them as mostly septal or lobular depending on where the inflammatory infiltrate is located. The second step is deciding if vasculitis is present or not. Finally, the third step is further characterizing the inflammatory infiltrate. However, in addition to the algorithmic approach to panniculitis diagnosis, some subtle changes may help to the diagnosis.

Objective:
To review some clues in panniculitis dermatopathological diagnosis such as presence of granulation tissue, sclerotic connective tissue septa, small granulomas arranged around a central clear space, so-called ghost adipocytes, needle-shaped crystals, small lobules with a proliferation of capillaries, Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon, refractile microspheres, neutrophilic infiltrates, granulomas and fibroplasia or presence of adipose tissue in dermis.

Methods:
We have compiled 12 clues based in our personal experience in this field.

Limitations:
Specificity and sensibility of every clue may vary and these clues are a guide to correct diagnoses that should rely in clinicopathological correlation.

Conclusion:
Knowledge of these 12 clues will help to increase the diagnostic accuracy in panniculitis diagnosis.
Dynamic Patient-Specific Three-Dimensional Simulation of Mitral Repair
Authors: Ginty Olivia K. , Moore John M. , Xu Yuanwei , Xia Wenyao , Fujii Satoru , Bainbridge Daniel , Peters Terry M. , Kiaii Bob B. , Chu Michael W. A. 
Published: February 2018

Objective Planned mitral repair strategies are generally established from preoperative echocardiography; however, specific details of the repair are often determined intraoperatively. We propose that three-dimensional printed, patient-specific, dynamic mitral valve models may help surgeons plan and trial all the details of a specific patient's mitral repair preoperatively. Methods Using preoperative echocardiography, segmentation, modeling software, and three-dimensional printing, we created dynamic, high-fidelity, patient-specific mitral valve models including the subvalvular apparatus. We assessed the accuracy of 10 patient mitral valve models anatomically and functionally in a heart phantom simulator, both objectively by blinded echocardiographic assessment, and subjectively by two mitral repair experts. After this, we attempted model mitral repair and compared the outcomes with postoperative echocardiography. Results Model measurements were accurate when compared with patients on anterior-posterior diameter, circumference, and anterior leaflet length; however, less accurate on posterior leaflet length. On subjective assessment, Likert scores were high at 3.8 ± 0.4 and 3.4 ± 0.7, suggesting good fidelity of the dynamic model echocardiogram and functional model in the phantom to the preoperative three-dimensional echocardiogram, respectively. Mitral repair was successful in all 10 models with significant reduction in mitral insufficiency. In two models, mitral repair was performed twice, using two different surgical techniques to assess which provided a better outcome. When compared with the actual patient mitral repair outcome, the repaired models compared favorably. Conclusions Complex mitral valve modeling seems to predict an individual patient's mitral anatomy well, before surgery. Further investigation is required to determine whether deliberate preoperative practice can improve mitral repair outcomes.
Ability of known susceptibility SNPs to predict colorectal cancer risk for persons with and without a family history
Authors: Jenkins Mark A. , Win Aung K. , Dowty James G. , MacInnis Robert J. , Makalic Enes , Schmidt Daniel F. , Dite Gillian S. , Kapuscinski Miroslaw , Clendenning Mark , Rosty Christophe , Winship Ingrid M. , Emery Jon D. , Saya Sibel , Macrae Finlay A. , Ahnen Dennis J. , Duggan David , Figueiredo Jane C. , Lindor Noralane M. , Haile Robert W. , Potter John D. , Cotterchio Michelle , Gallinger Steven , Newcomb Polly A. , Buchanan Daniel D. , Casey Graham , Hopper John L. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundA number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are common inherited genetic variants, have been identified that are associated with risk of colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of these SNPs to estimate colorectal cancer (CRC) risk for persons with and without a family history of CRC, and the screening implications.MethodsWe estimated the association with CRC of a 45 SNP-based risk using 1,181 cases and 999 controls, and its correlation (r) with CRC risk predicted from detailed family history. We estimated the predicted change in the distribution across predefined risk categories, and implications for recommended age to commence screening, from adding SNP-based risk to family history.ResultsThe inter-quintile risk ratio for colorectal cancer risk of the SNP-based risk was 2.46 (95% CI 1.91 – 3.11). SNP-based and family history-based risks were not correlated (r = 0.02). For persons with no first-degree relatives with CRC, recommended screening would commence 2 years earlier for women (4 years for men) in the highest quintile of SNP-based risk, and 12 years later for women (7 years for men) in the lowest quintile. For persons with two first-degree relatives with CRC, recommended screening would commence 15 years earlier for men and women in the highest quintile, and 8 years earlier for men and women in the lowest quintile.ConclusionsRisk reclassification by 45 SNPs could inform targeted screening for CRC prevention, particularly in clinical genetics settings when mutations in high-risk genes cannot be identified.
Optimizing the conservation of migratory species over their full annual cycle
Authors: Schuster R. , Wilson S. , Rodewal A.D. , Arcese P. , Fink D. , Auer T. , Bennett J.R 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLimited knowledge of the distribution, abundance, and habitat associations of migratory species introduces uncertainty about the most effective conservation actions. We used Neotropical migratory birds as a model group to evaluate contrasting approaches to land prioritization to support ≥30% of the global abundances of 117 species throughout the annual cycle in the Western hemisphere. Conservation targets were achieved in 43% less land area in plans based on annual vs. weekly optimizations. Plans agnostic to population structure required comparatively less land area to meet targets, but at the expense of representation. Less land area was also needed to meet conservation targets when human-dominated lands were included rather than excluded from solutions. Our results point to key trade-offs between efforts minimizing the opportunity costs of conservation vs. those ensuring spatiotemporal representation of populations, and demonstrate a novel approach to the conservation of migratory species based on leading-edge abundance models and linear programming to identify portfolios of priority landscapes and inform conservation planners.