bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How confusion impacts product labeling perceptions
Authors: Fitzgerald M. Paula , Russo Donovan Karen , Kees Jeremy , Kozup John 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Consumer confusion is an often discussed, but seldom investigated, construct central to marketing. This study aims to conceptualize consumer confusion as an intellectual emotion with cognitive and emotional components, and examine it in the context of qualified health claims and conflicting marketplace information.

Design/methodology/approach
A between-subjects experimental design is used to test the hypotheses.

Findings
Structural equation modeling suggests that weak science discussions and conflicting information on dietary supplements evoke consumer confusion. Confusion, in turn, impacts scientific certainty perceptions, product quality and firm credibility. Incorporating confusion measures in theoretical models significantly increases the amount of variance explained in consumer perceptions. Implications are offered for businesses, consumer behaviorists and public policymakers.

Originality/value
It is hard to think about many of marketing’s focal issues (e.g. trademark theory, disclosures and warnings, advertising deception, search and shopping behavior) without using the term confusion. While confusion is central to discussions of these domains, it has evaded focused attention and study. Indeed, no previous research in marketing has directly addressed the experience of consumer confusion per se. The current research fills a gap in the marketing literature by explicitly defining the construct of confusion and offering a measurement approach that is easily adapted to many business/consumer interactions. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate the role of confusion in the context of qualified health claims by showing how conflicting information between health claims, qualifiers and external information can create confusion, and in turn, lead to negative consumer perceptions.
Identification of changed paradigms in CRE research – a systematic literature review 2005-2015
Authors: Jylhä Tuuli , Remøy Hilde , Arkesteijn Monique 
Published: March 2019

PurposeAs corporations change their way of working, the importance of corporate real estate (CRE) management has increased. Hence, there is a need to structure the existing knowledge and to identify the latest developments in CRE research. This paper aims to identify the major developments and changed paradigms in CRE research in 2005-2015.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review is conducted, including papers from seven journals. In three sequential scans, papers were identified for the final analysis, keeping 99 of 1,667 papers.FindingsBased on nine identified developments, two paradigm shifts were found. The shift from cost minimisation to value delivery was identified. Besides solving current problems, value delivery aims to capture the future value and prevent future problems. The second paradigm shift is from buildings to people. Before the shift, buildings refer to value delivery as a transaction, while the shift to people highlights the aim to provide value-in-use.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper focusses on corporate offices, excluding retail, health care, education, publicly owned facilities, etc. This research is limited to CRE research. Therefore, the results are applicable to CRE research but do not cover the developments in practice.Practical implicationsFor practitioners, this paper offers a possibility to develop their RE strategies by reflecting their current practices with the identified developments and paradigms in the CRE literature. This paper suggests to conduct a similar research in practice to compare the underlying paradigms.Originality/valueThis paper is based on a systematic literature study, and summarises developments in CRE research over the past 10 years.
Medicare expenditures attributable to dementia
Authors: White Lindsay , Fishman Paul , Basu Anirban , Crane Paul K. , Larson Eric B. , Coe Norma B. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo estimate dementia's incremental cost to the traditional Medicare program.Data SourcesHealth and Retirement Study (HRS) survey‐linked Medicare part A and B claims from 1991 to 2012.Study DesignWe compared Medicare expenditures for 60 months following a claims‐based dementia diagnosis to those for a randomly selected, matched comparison group.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsWe used a cost estimator that accounts for differential survival between individuals with and without dementia and decomposes incremental costs into survival and cost intensity components.Principal FindingsDementia's five‐year incremental cost to the traditional Medicare program is approximately $15 700 per patient, nearly half of which is incurred in the first year after diagnosis. Shorter survival with dementia mitigates the incremental cost by about $2650. Increased costs for individuals with dementia were driven by more intensive use of Medicare part A covered services. The incremental cost of dementia was about $7850 higher for females than for males because of sex‐specific differential mortality associated with dementia.ConclusionsDementia's cost to the traditional Medicare program is significant. Interventions that target early identification of dementia and preventable inpatient and post‐acute care services could produce substantial savings.
Financial Gatekeepers and Investor Protection: Evidence from Criminal Background Checks
Authors: LAW KELVIN K. F. , MILLS LILLIAN F. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWe examine whether financial advisors with pre‐advisor criminal records pose a greater risk to investors than those without. We find that financial advisors with pre‐advisor criminal records are more likely to receive future customer complaints. Their complaints are more likely to receive arbitration awards or settlements and are more likely to involve large settlements exceeding $100,000. Finally, clients are more likely to suffer service disruptions from engaging advisors with pre‐advisor criminal records, even incremental to the brokerage firm being high‐risk. Although we do not have performance data of individual advisors, mutual funds of those firms that employ advisors with criminal records do not provide their clients with superior returns nor charge lower fees, suggesting that there are not compensating benefits to offset the investor harm. Overall, pre‐advisor criminal record serves as an important ex ante characteristic available to regulators, investors, and employers for risk‐assessment purposes.
Functional analysis of a miRNA‐like small RNA derived from Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus
Authors: Guo Jian‐Yong , Wang Yong‐Sheng , Chen Tian , Jiang Xiao‐Xu , Wu Ping , Geng Tao , Pan Zhong‐Hua , Shang Meng‐Ke , Hou Cheng‐Xiang , Gao Kun , Guo Xi‐Jie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV) is a major pathogen of the economic insect silkworm, Bombyx mori. Virus‐encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proven to play important roles in host–pathogen interactions. In this study we identified a BmCPV‐derived miRNA‐like 21 nt small RNA, BmCPV‐miR‐1, from the small RNA deep sequencing of BmCPV‐infected silkworm larvae by stem‐loop quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) and investigated its functions with qPCR and lentiviral expression systems. Bombyx mori inhibitor of apoptosis protein (BmIAP) gene was predicted by both target prediction software miRanda and Targetscan to be one of its target genes with a binding site for BmCPV‐miR‐1 at the 5′ untranslated region. It was found that the expression of BmCPV‐miR‐1 and its target gene BmIAP were both up‐regulated in BmCPV‐infected larvae. At the same time, it was confirmed that BmCPV‐miR‐1 could up‐regulate the expression of BmIAP gene in HEK293T cells with lentiviral expression systems and in BmN cells by transfecting mimics. Furthermore, BmCPV‐miR‐1 mimics could up‐regulate the expression level of BmIAP gene in midgut and fat body in the silkworm. In the midgut of BmCPV‐infected larvae, BmCPV‐miR‐1 mimics could be further up‐regulated and inhibitors could lower the virus‐mediated expression of BmIAP gene. With the viral genomic RNA segments S1 and S10 as indicators, BmCPV‐miR‐1 mimics could up‐regulate and inhibitors down‐regulate their replication in the infected silkworm. These results implied that BmCPV‐miR‐1 could inhibit cell apoptosis in the infected silkworm through up‐regulating BmIAP expression, providing the virus with a better cell circumstance for its replication.
Improving nutrition care for neurosurgery patients through a nurse‐led transition feeding protocol
Authors: Dux Claire , Lim Shu‐Chuin , Jeffree Rosalind , Heaydon Sandra , de Jersey Susan 
Published: March 2019

AimNeurosurgical patients often transition from enteral nutrition (EN) to oral nutrition (ON) as they recover. Implementing a nurse‐led feeding protocol to guide this transition may improve consistency of nutrition care and dietitian workload efficiency. This pragmatic study aimed to evaluate the effect of such a protocol on these outcomes and on nurses’ nutrition care attitudes, practices and knowledge.MethodsData were collected retrospectively for 1 year pre‐ and prospectively for 1 year post‐implementation of the transition feeding protocol (TFP). Participants who transitioned from EN to ON were included in the study. Post‐implementation nurses in the neurosurgery ward were invited to complete a self‐administered questionnaire to investigate attitudes, practices and knowledge.ResultsOne hundred and thirteen participants, 55 pre‐ and 58 post‐implementation, took part in the study. Significantly more patients received transition feeding (TF) post‐implementation (58% vs 93%, P < 0.001), there was a statistically significant improvement in the commencement of TF (0 vs 1 day after ON clearance; P = 0.029), and all patients consumed adequate oral intake 1‐week post‐EN cessation (92.3% vs 100%, P = 0.078). There was no difference in dietetic occasions of service post‐implementation (2 vs 1.5; P = 0.204). A 38% survey response rate from nursing staff (n = 15) was achieved. More nurses were found to be initiating TF (P < 0.001) and a majority reported a perceived increase in knowledge and confidence in providing nutrition support.ConclusionsA TFP can optimise the transition from EN to ON by improving consistency and commencement of TF and nurses’ confidence and knowledge in overall nutrition care.
Has GnRH a direct role in AMH regulation?
Authors: van Helden Josef , Evliyaoglu Osman , Weiskirchen Ralf 
Published: March 2019

SummaryObjectiveAnti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH) together with luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) plays crucial roles in gonadal functions. However, the possible effects of GnRH on AMH via the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axis remain unexplored. We aimed to explore the changes in AMH levels after bolus GnRH stimulation and understand the relationship of AMH with FSH and LH in healthy subjects.MethodsThirty‐one prepubertal children (15 males/16 females) and 78 adults (36 males/42 females) were included. We collected basal (0 minute) samples for determining levels of hormones. After GnRH treatment at a dose of 2.5 μg/kg body weight (maximum of 100 μg/kg body weight) intravenously, blood was collected at 30 minutes intervals for 120 minutes. Serum LH, FSH and AMH were measured by electrochemiluminometric assays.ResultsAfter injection of GnRH, AMH levels were significantly decreased in 30 minutes (P < 0.001) in all groups with parallel increase of FSH and LH. In the second 30 minutes, all hormones levels reversed. There was also a moderate correlation between AMH and FSH (r = −0.430, P < 0.001).ConclusionsGnRH lowers serum AMH levels, which have a negative correlation with the increase in gonadotrophins. These data pinpoint GnRH as an important factor of the AMH regulation, leading new opportunities for the understanding of AMH role in reproductive function and dysfunction.
Evaluation of outcomes in renal transplantation with hypothermic machine perfusion for the preservation of kidneys from expanded criteria donors
Authors: Savoye Emilie , Macher Marie‐Alice , Videcoq Michel , Gatault Philippe , Hazzan Marc , Abboud Imad , Thierry Antoine , Bertrand Dominique , Drouin Sarah , Sayegh Johnny , Barrou Benoit , Badet Lionel , Bastien Olivier , Huot Olivier , Lamotte Christian , Logerot Hélène , Legeai Camille , Antoine Corinne 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn 2012, an expert working group from the French Transplant Health Authority recommended the use of hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) to improve kidney preservation and transplant outcomes from expanded criteria donors, deceased after brain death. This study compares HMP and cold storage (CS) effects on delayed graft function (DGF) and transplant outcomes. We identified 4,316 kidney transplants from expanded criteria donors (2011‐2014) in France through the French Transplant Registry. DGF occurrence was analyzed with a logistic regression, excluding preemptive transplants. One‐year graft failure was analyzed with a Cox regression. A subpopulation of 66 paired kidneys was identified: one preserved by HMP and the other by CS from the same donor. Kidneys preserved by HMP (801) vs CS (3515) were associated with more frequent recipient comorbidities and older donors and recipients. HMP had a protective effect against DGF (24% in HMP group and 38% in CS group, OR = 0.49 [0.40‐0.60]). Results were similar in the paired kidneys (OR = 0.23 [0.04‐0.57]). HMP use decreased risk for 1‐year graft failure (HR = 0.77 [0.60‐0.99]). Initial hospital stays were shorter in the HMP group (P < 0.001). Our results confirm the reduction in DGF occurrence among expanded criteria donors kidneys preserved by HMP.
A novel classification system for research reporting in rare and progressive genetic conditions
Authors: van Karnebeek Clara D M , Beumer Daniël , Pawliuk Colleen , Goez Helly , Mostafavi Sara , Andrews Gail , Steele Rose , Siden Harold 
Published: March 2019

AimTo create a classification system for severe, rare, and progressive genetic conditions for use in research reporting.MethodA modified Delphi consensus technique was used to create and reach agreement on a new system of condition categories. Interrater reliability was tested via two rounds of an online survey whereby physicians classified a subset of conditions using our novel system. Overall percentage agreement and agreement above chance were calculated using Fleiss’ kappa (κ).ResultsEleven physicians completed the first Delphi, with an overall agreement of 76.4%, the κ value was 0.57 (95% confidence interval 0.51–0.63), indicating moderate agreement (0.41–0.60) above chance. Based on the first survey several categories were described in more detail. The second survey confirmed a classification system with 12 categories, with an overall percentage agreement among the participants of 82.6%. The overall mean κ value was 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.65–0.77), indicating substantial agreement (0.61–0.80).InterpretationOur new system was useful in categorizing a broad range of rare childhood diseases and may be applicable to other rare disease studies; further validation in larger cohorts is required.What this paper adds

This novel 12‐category classification system can be used in research reporting in rare and progressive genetic conditions.
Evaluation of early myocardial dysfunction with strain echocardiography in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Özdemir Emre , Demirdal Tuna , Emren Sadık Volkan , Tokaç Mehmet 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionIt is well known that chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHBV) can be associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma but it can also be associated with extra‐hepatic effects, of which cardiac manifestations are the one of the least known. There is a limited amount of data about myocardial dysfunction in CHBV and insufficient data of strain echocardiography in CHBV. The aim of this study was to detect early myocardial dysfunction in CHBV using strain echocardiography.MethodThis prospective study included 40 CHBV patients without anti‐viral treatment, 40 CHBV patients under anti‐viral treatment, and 40 healthy volunteers as control group from 2017 October to 2018 May. The patients in all groups were aged 30–60 years, with no co‐morbid diseases. Any patients with pathologies that would cause myocardial dysfunction were excluded from the study. All patients were evaluated with transthoracic two‐dimensional (2D), tissue Doppler, and strain echocardiography.ResultsThe mean age and gender distribution were similar in all groups (P = 0.677). A statistically significant difference was determined between the groups in respect of the global circumferential strain and global longitudinal strain values (P < 0.01). The difference in the mean lateral s′ was of statistical significance between the CHBV patients and the control group (P = 0.035). No statistically significant difference was determined in respect of the other echocardiographic parameters.ConclusionAs it is a chronic necro‐inflammatory period, chronic HBV can affect myocardial functions. Traditional echocardiographic parameters may not be useful in the detection of early myocardial dysfunction. The results of this study showed that strain echocardiography may be more valuable in early myocardial dysfunction rather than routine 2D echocardiography in CHBV patients.
Species identity dominates over environment in shaping the microbiota of small mammals
Authors: Knowles S. C. L. , Eccles R. M. , Baltrūnaitė L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe mammalian gut microbiota is considered pivotal to host fitness, yet the determinants of community composition remain poorly understood. Laboratory studies show that environmental factors, particularly diet, are important, while comparative work emphasises host genetics. Here, we compare the influence of host genetics and the environment on the microbiota of sympatric small mammal species (mice, voles, shrews) across multiple habitats. While sharing a habitat caused some microbiota convergence, the influence of species identity dominated. In all three host genera examined, an individual's microbiota was more similar to conspecifics living elsewhere than to heterospecifics at the same site. Our results suggest this species‐specificity arises in part through host‐microbe codiversification. Stomach contents analysis suggested that diet also shapes the microbiota, but where diet is itself influenced by species identity. In this way, we can reconcile the importance of both diet and genetics, while showing that species identity is the strongest predictor of microbiota composition.
Abortion in donkeys associated with Salmonella abortus equi infection
Authors: Wang H. , Liu K. J. , Sun Y. H. , Cui L. Y. , Meng X. , Jiang G. M. , Zhao F. W. , Li J. J. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundSalmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar abortus equi (S. abortus equi) is well known as the aetiological agent of equine abortion. However, abortion caused by S. abortus equi has not been previously described in donkeys.ObjectivesTo investigate whether S. abortus equi was correlated with an abortion outbreak consisting of 61 abortions.Study designInvestigation of the clinical cases using pathoanatomical, bacteriological, serological and molecular approaches.MethodsAutopsies on nine aborted foetuses were performed. Tissue specimens from seven aborted foetuses and two mares were cultured and subjected to detection of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV‐1), equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV‐4) and equine arteritis virus (EAV) by polymerase chain reaction. The isolates were serotyped according to the Kaufmann−White scheme and analysed by multi‐locus sequence typing (MLST). Detection of EHV and EAV antibodies was performed in all pregnant mares.ResultsNo obvious gross lesions were observed in the foetuses. Nine Gram‐negative isolates were obtained from all nine tissue samples and were identified as Salmonella spp. All of the isolates belonged to the B group, the O antigen epitope was 4, 12 and H antigen was not obtained. The isolates of Salmonella were characterised as sequence type (ST) 251. Detection of EHV‐1, EHV‐4 and EAV was negative.Main limitationsThe mechanism that causes abortion in donkeys needs further study and the lack of histological examination.ConclusionSalmonella abortus equi was isolated as the single agent and was responsible for the abortions. Equine practitioners should be aware of S. abortus equi infection as a cause of abortion in donkeys.
Incidence of hip fracture and 30‐day hospital readmissions in a region of central Italy from 2006 to 2015
Authors: Di Giovanni Pamela , Di Martino Giuseppe , Zecca Isaia AL , Porfilio Italo , Romano Ferdinando , Staniscia Tommaso 
Published: March 2019

AimIncreased life expectancy causes a higher prevalence of chronic and degenerative diseases, and greater frailty among older people. Hip fracture is a common event for older people, and 1‐year mortality after hip fracture is high. The present study was carried out in the Abruzzo region, Italy, over the years from 2006 to 2015, entailing as its main objectives the assessment of age and sex‐specific trends in the incidence of hip fractures, with the subsequent hospital mortality. Causes of 30‐day hospital readmissions were assessed.MethodsData were collected from all hospital discharge records. Information on all 30‐day readmissions was also retrieved.ResultsOverall, 23 075 patients were admitted to hospital for hip fracture (mean age 81.0 ± 11.7 years,72.6% women). The overall hip fracture incidence remained constant over the study period, varying from 175.9 cases in 2006 to 179.3 cases per 100 000 in 2015. However, the incidence progressively increased from 40.0 to 51.0 among men, and from 61.6 to 80.9 among patients aged >85 years. The in‐hospital mortality rate was 3.8%. Within 30 days from the hip fracture discharge, 10 526 patients (45.6%) had a second hospitalization, related to the condition of interest in >80% of the patients. Additionally, 414 (3.9%) patients died during the second hospitalization.ConclusionsAlthough women aged >65 years remain the category of patients at highest risk of hip fracture, an increasing trend is observed among men and patients aged >85 years. Hip fracture is frequently associated with early hospital readmission and is responsible for elevated in‐hospital mortality. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 483–486.