bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar concentrators manufacture and automation
Authors: Kussul Ernst , Baydyk Tetyana , Estrada Alberto Escalante , González Maria Teresa Rodríguez , Wunsch II Donald 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Solar energy is one of the most promising types of renewable energy. Flat facet solar concentrators were proposed to decrease the cost of materials needed for production. They used small flat mirrors for approximation of parabolic dish surface. The first prototype of flat facet solar concentrators was made in Australia in 1982. Later various prototypes of flat facet solar concentrators were proposed. It was shown that the cost of materials for these prototypes is much lower than the material cost of conventional parabolic dish solar concentrators. To obtain the overall low cost of flat facet concentrators it is necessary to develop fully automated technology of manufacturing and assembling processes. Unfortunately, the design of known flat facet concentrators is too complex for automation process. At present we develop the automatic manufacturing and assembling system for flat facet solar concentrators. For this purpose, we propose the design of flat facet solar concentrator that is convenient for automatization. We describe this design in the paper. At present, almost all solar-energy plants in the world occupy specific areas that are not used for agricultural production. This leads to a competition between the solar-energy plants and agriculture production systems. To avoid this competition, it is possible to co-locate solar-energy devices in agricultural fields. The energy obtained via such co-location can be used for agricultural needs (e.g., water extraction for irrigation) and other purposes (e.g., sent to an electrical grid). In this study, we also describe the results of an investigation on co-location methods for the minimal loss of agricultural harvest too.
Victor’s Justice? Cultural Transfer and Public Imagery from Nuremberg to The Hague
Authors: Ben-Nun Gilad 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
At the heart of this paper lies the perennial problem of the legitimacy of tribunals judging war criminals and the role of public imagery in countering Victor’s Justice challenges. The paper follows along the paths of components of the cultural transfer from Nuremberg and Tokyo international tribunals (1946–1948) for the prosecution of war criminals post World War II through the Eichmann trial in Jerusalem (1961) to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague (1993), focusing on two specific ‘carriers’ of this cultural transfer: “Law” and “Architecture.” By Law, I mean the copying and re-application of similar legal procedures, the active participation of certain people within two of the three instances, and even the carrying forward of physical pieces of evidence from one trial to another. By Architecture, I mean the actual construction of the trial chamber in all three places. The location of the judges’ bench, the defendants’ dock, the witnesses stand, and the inter-relational architectural flow which became characteristic of each of these Lieux de Justice. In terms of public imagery, important counter measures to Victor’s-Justice claims also included the ample facilitation of journalist coverage, the provision of full translation services for the defendants (countering claims of linguistic non-misunderstanding), and the holding of the defendants in humane conditions of incarceration, in a somewhat deliberate juxtaposing countenance to their own crimes which habitually included concentration camps and harshly inhumane incarceration facilities. The paper concludes with a recalibration of Hannah Arendt’s mistaken claim vis-à-vis Eichmann, in contrast to her important understandings concerning the banality of evil.
Images and Customary International Law, or the Destruction/Construction of International Norms through Images
Authors: Ciampi Annalisa 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper explores the power of images vis-à-vis the practice and theory of international law, with a focus on rules of customary international law, i. e. the unwritten general rules of international law, that apply to all states (as well as to non-state actors falling within their scope of application), irrespective of specific acceptance. As Sherwin writes: “We are awash in images.” States, international organizations (IOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), insurgents, terrorists and other groups of individuals of all sort, are in the news and our movies, on our TV screens, newspapers, internet and social media. Modern technologies, visual digital technologies, in particular, have a profound impact on the means and speed of communications across the globe and immensely facilitate the task of seeking information of all sort. In international law, images are a means for spreading knowledge about the practice of states and other actors. As with law in general, images are also found to be a valuable resource in explicating the rules of international law. They aid and clarify the analysis of international law and the determination of the existence and content of rules of customary international law. In contemporary international settings, however, modern technologies of visual representation are also a means for influencing the development of international law, i. e. the existence and content of international norms. Moreover, looking at implementation, at no time in history has there been more information available to governments and the public about violations of international norms (particularly, but not exclusively human rights violations): more and more these violations are documented through images. Yet, international law doctrines have failed so far to comprehensively assess the power of images, beyond that of a toolkit for thick cultural description – the power of narrative – and analysis. The present essay offers a contribution in this direction.
Brexit, Boundaries and the Power of Images
Authors: Douglas-Scott Sionaidh 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Brexit is very much about the boundaries of law and government. Whatever else it may be, it is clearly a legal phenomenon. In this article, I explore how both the phenomenon of Brexit (its desire to reassert national boundaries from an EU seemingly bent on dissolving them), and that of the EU (a pluralist community, with membership inevitably eroding boundaries) may be very effectively captured, and important insights gained, through the medium of images. The selected images reveal the story of Brexit to be far from illustrious, but additionally undermine some of the EU’s official messages. These images expose some of our assumptions about law, the EU and Brexit.
Off Her Throne and Unarmed: the Humble, yet Noble Visage of Justice and Her Restless Servants
Authors: Stella Marcello 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The title should not sound too iconoclastic to jurists’ ears. At least not to expert procedural lawyers, mindful of the scholarly debate on the notion of justice and the goal of process (especially of civil process) arose in Germany and Italy, at the end of the nineteenth century. As the raising demand for jurisdictional performance posed new challenges to the judicial administration of those States, scholars were confronted with issues such as “unjust” decisions, the perpetuation of judicial mistakes in res judicata judgments, and the principle of party disposition in the choice of appealing wrong decisions. Such a profound and introspective debate, came to put into question even centuries old dogmas, such as the olden maxim “res judicata pro veritate habetur.” Following that foundational juridical debate, the conventional “tools” the female figure of Justice is often displayed with, be they depicted in a XV century engraving or in a XX century sculpture outside a courthouse,
A remarkable, though too partial attempt to collect images of Justice from law books printed between 1497 and 1788, may be found in Judith Resnik, Dennis Curtis, Representing Justice: Invention, Controversy and Rights in City-States and Democratic Courtrooms (Yale: Yale University Press, 2011). The authors rather focus on a “political” detail – whether Justice is shown as blindfolded or not – which, at different times, was meant either as a critique of arbitrary justice or as a symbol of Justice’s impartiality. do appear to modern observers as nothing but misleading attributes of Justice. In this article, we propose to enquire into the origins of the conceptual trompe l’oeuil attached to the iconographic imagery of Justice; to demonstrate how the widespread representation of Justice in figurative arts is ultimately flawed by political overtones and distant from the truly essence of the jurisdictional phenomenon; and to show how a few exceptions of artworks and famous literary trials come much closer to grasping the essence of Justice through due process, and are way more instructive than its deified and standardized allegory.
The Pedagogical Value of Young-Adult Speculative Fiction: Teaching Environmental Justice through Julie Bertagna’s Exodus
Authors: Adami Valentina 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The environmental crisis is one of the most pressing societal concerns today. Speculative fiction frequently questions current political, legal and cultural attitudes by portraying future scenarios in which some ecological disaster has changed the world order. Scottish children’s author Julie Bertagna has given her contribution to these speculations on the consequences of letting current trends in environmental behaviour continue unchallenged with her young-adult novel Exodus (2002), part of a trilogy continued in 2007 with Zenith and completed in 2011 with Aurora. This paper explores the pedagogical value of young-adult speculative fiction and examines Bertagna’s survival narrative as a questioning of environmental justice, in the light of contemporary theories on young-adult fiction, ecocriticism and human rights.
Make It New! The Redeeming Modernism of Law and the Collapsing of Its Polarities
Authors: Condello Angela , Mason Luke 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This article argues that law is an inherently modernist normative practice. Constructing a vision of Modernism which is at once an epistemology and an attitudinal disposition to doubt and make anew our assumptions about the world, the authors demonstrate that legal practice encounters the world through individual cases. Through these examples, the law is capable of both interacting with and comprehending that world, while also being forced to question the law’s own precepts and their application. In this manner, the law’s generalisations and abstractions become concrete, and can indeed be upended, through fleeting, impressionistic and highly case-specific examples. This exemplarity within law explains how law is able to navigate its apparently contradictory aspirations and natures which have bedevilled legal philosophy for millennia. In reality, law exists within a series of polarities, rather than contradictions, which are navigated through the law’s encounters with examples from the extra-legal world. The authors conclude that this aspect of the law’s nature also has practical consequences, requiring the law to maintain the fora in which new and novel cases are heard, and through which law’s modernist spirit can thrive.
Law, Literature and Genocide: Rupert Bazambanza’s Smile Through the Tears
Authors: Pégorier Clotilde 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Proceeding from the view that international criminal law remains a neglected area of study within law-and-literature scholarship, this article undertakes a critical reading of Rupert Bazambanza’s 2004 graphic novel Smile Through the Tears, set during the Rwandan genocide. It argues that Bazambanza’s text not only provides a powerful rendering of the subjective experience of the victims of genocide, but also reveals to the reader a number of the conditioning factors that catalysed the violence. Reading the novel alongside case law and academic literature, the article ventures an analysis of how, by exposing such factors, the text might also aid in furthering awareness and understanding of core issues relating to the legal framework of genocide.
Requiem for Ivan Ilyich: The Problem of Judicial Interpretation in Tolstoy’s Literature
Authors: Trindade André Karam 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a portion of the results obtained from the research project “Law in Literature: the representation of judges in literary narratives.” The role of the magistrate in the novella The Death of Ivan Ilyich, written in 1886 by Leo Tolstoy, is discussed following the methodological premises of law in literature and the theoretical notion of “models of judges” formulated by François Ost. Thus, a part of the history of tsarist law and of Tolstoy’s conflictual relationship to legal science is provided and reconstructed. Finally, this paper proposes an analytical reflection on the importance of this nineteenth-century novella for the comprehension of practical and interpretative problems within modern law.
Freed by the Court: The Role of Images Between Remembrance and Oblivion of War Crimes
Authors: Ristić Katarina 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper explores the role of images in facilitating debates on the responsibility of convicted war criminals. Previous research on the mediation of war crime trials in Serbia has mainly focused on political and media discourses or everyday practices as verbal or textual modes of communication, showing the dominant nationalism and widespread denial, with convicted war criminals appearing as heroes and celebrities. This article argues that the normalization of convicts was partially realized through the avoidance of atrocity images and the prevalence of iconic images of convicts, who are described as persons “freed by the court.” The paper explores two instances when iconic images of convicts served as catalysts in debates on their criminal responsibility, pointing out that images might limit the scope of the debate, and condition the type of questions posed. Archival atrocity images, on the other hand, might provide much-needed context and evidence about crimes. Considering the powerful role of images, the article urges a more systematic analysis of images in the transitional justice field, as some of the images turn into symbolic presentations of the past for future generations.
Analysis of the mechanical properties of polymer materials considering lateral confinement effects
Authors: Park Ki-Beom , Kim Myung-Sung , Kim Jeong-Hyeon , Kim Seul-Kee , Lee Jae-Myung 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The mechanical properties of polyurethane foam (PUF) and glass fiber-reinforced PUF (R-PUF), which are widely used in various fields, were investigated considering the influence of lateral confinement. PUF and R-PUF – representative polymeric foams with a porous structure – are suitable for severe environments (e.g. the cryogenic field) because they have an excellent adiabatic function and load-bearing capability. However, when PUF and R-PUF are used in actual structures, the mechanical performance of the foam materials may change depending on the conditions. Assuming that a compressive load acts on these polymeric foams in a confined space, analysis of the material properties resulting from the confining pressure of the adjacent structures is necessary. Therefore, in this study, a comparison and evaluation of the mechanical behavior of PUF and R-PUF were performed with regard to the constraint. The results suggest that it is possible to provide an experimental basis for measuring the strength performance for the application of insulation in a confined space.
Housing Prices and Money Demand: Empirical Evidence in Selected MENA Countries
Authors: Mbazia Nadia , Djelassi Mouldi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the links between housing and money empirically in a money demand framework for a panel of five Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries using quarterly data from 2007Q3 to 2014Q4 with the inclusion of house prices as a variable representing the developments in housing markets. We applied the Pool Mean Group Estimation technique to estimate the long-run and short-run dynamic relationships in money demand model. Empirical results provide the evidence that higher house prices lead to a rise in M2 demand in long-run and short-run estimations. This finding may explain the importance influence of the house price developments on monetary policy in MENA countries. The results confirm that the cross-country heterogeneity of money holdings is also connected with structural features of the housing market.
Influence of electron temperature on breaking of plasma oscillations
Authors: Chizhonkov Eugene V. , Frolov Alexander A. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The influence of thermal motion of electrons on the processes of relativistic plasma oscillations is studied analytically and numerically. It is shown that if the temperature of electrons grows and exceeds a certain critical level, then the breaking effect vanishes due to transformation of plasma oscillations into travelling waves. Analytical conclusions are made in the framework of the theory of small perturbations based on Lagrangian variables. Numerical simulation of the transformation is performed using three different algorithms constructed on the basis of the method of finite differences in Eulerian variables. The analytical results are in good agreement with numerical experiments.
Sharp error estimate for implicit finite element scheme for American put option
Authors: Dautov Rafail Z. , Lapin Alexander V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe investigate a numerical solution method for a degenerate parabolic variational inequality that determines American vanilla put pricing. This method is based on piecewise linear finite elements in spatial variables and the backward Euler finite difference in time variable. For the approximate solution, we get sharp error estimate of orderO(h+τ3/4) in the energy norm of the corresponding differential operator.
Numerical study of properties of air heat content indicators based on stochastic models of the joint meteorological series
Authors: Kargapolova Nina A. , Khlebnikova Elena I. , Ogorodnikov Vasily A. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The paper presents results of numerical studies of stochastic properties of time series of the enthalpy of humid air and the heat index characterizing the heat content and thermal effects of humid air on human beings. The study was based on real meteorological observations and stochastic model of joint time series for surface air temperature and relative humidity taking into account daily course of real meteorological processes.
Plasma homocysteine and aminothiol levels in idiopathic epilepsy patients receiving antiepileptic drugs
Authors: Çoban Ramazan Dilber , Anadol Ülker , Yalçın A. Destina , Yalçın A. Süha 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objective
Homocysteine is a sulfur containing amino acid that is formed during methionine metabolism. Patients under long-term antiepileptic drug treatment often have hyperhomocysteinemia. These patients have low levels of serum folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6, all of which are associated with homocysteine metabolism. We have investigated the effects of valproic acid and new generation antiepileptic drugs (lamotrigine and levetiracetam) on plasma levels of homocysteine and aminothiols as well as serum vitamin B12 and folic acid.

Materials and methods
Forty-seven idiopathic epileptic patients on antiepileptic drugs were compared with 38 age-matched healthy controls. Commercial immunoassay methods were used for vitamin B12 and folic acid analyses. Homocysteine, cysteine, cysteinylglycine and glutathione levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.

Results
There was no significant difference in patient and control values in terms of vitamin B12, folic acid and homocysteine. Valproic acid and lamotrigine seemed to effect aminothiol redox status. Glutathione levels of epileptic patients receiving valproic acid and lamotrigine were higher than controls.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that redox homeostasis may be impaired and glutathione synthesis increased in response to the oxidative stress caused by antiepileptic drug use.
Cytogenetic impact of sodium chloride stress on root cells of Vigna radiata L. seedlings
Authors: Farheen Jabeen , Mansoor Simeen 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The high salinization stress to seedling is the substantial ecological problem in the ongoing era. It negatively influences the growth that retard mitotic division by enhancing aberrations in nuclear chromatin. In the light of these views, the current work was designed to investigate the response of Vigna seedlings root tip cells to the presence of NaCl ions.

Materials and methods
NM-92 and NM19-19 seeds were imbibed separately in distilled water for 24 h and allowed to grow into 0, 50, 150, 250, and 350 mM NaCl solution for 24 h. Excised root tips were stained, and slides were scored at 100× objective for the mitotic index (MI) and chromosomal aberrations.

Results
Our data demonstrated that as NaCl molarity increased, the MI was declined along with various chromatin abnormalities. The 150 mM of NaCl showed more lagging (69%) of chromosomes during anaphase in NM19-19. The highest stickiness at metaphase stage (68%) was found in 250 mM NaCl in variety NM19-19. However, both varieties were differed non-significantly for c-mitosis that was recorded 99% at 350 mM NaCl concentration.

Conclusions
The NaCl ions toxicity induced various cytological anomalies in seedling roots that adversely affect the growth of Vigna seedlings.
Csontkor – a csontrendszeri érettség mérésének lehetősége EOS készülékkel
Authors: O’Sullivan Ian , Schlégl Ádám Tibor , Varga Péter , Kerekes Kamilla , Vermes Csaba , Than Péter 
Published: April 2019

Abstract: Introduction: Hand and wrist bone age assessment methods cannot be performed when using the recommended patient position within the EOS scanner. Aim: We aimed to assess alternative methods for use with the EOS. Method: After investigating 9 alternatives, five methods were selected – cervical vertebra (Hassel–Farman), iliac crest (Risser ‘plus’), hip (Oxford), knee (O’Connor), calcaneus (Nicholson) – and applied to EOS scans of 114, 2–21-year-old normal individuals. Intraclass correlation coefficient tests for reliability and Spearman correlation with calendar age were assessed. Results: Intra- and interobserver reliabilities were all excellent, except with the knee method (0.865 – ‘good’). Calcaneal and cervical methods were the fastest to apply (mean 17.5 s, 33.4 s per evaluation), however, calcanei were unassessable in 14% of scans (versus 1% of cervical). All methods correlated significantly with calendar age (r>0.829, p<0.05). Difficulties were principally absent (12%) or obscured (23%) landmarks. Conclusion: Bone age assessment is possible with all 5 methods, however, the Hassel–Farman method proved to be easily useable, fast and reliable. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(16): 619–628.