bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of natural radionuclides and radon concentration in the riverine environs of Cauvery, South India
Authors: Kaliprasad C. S. , Narayana Y. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Systematic studies were carried out to understand the distribution of natural radionuclides in sediments and radon in water in the riverine environs of Cauvery, one of the major rivers of South India. The activity of radionuclides in the sediment was measured by gamma ray spectrometry. The radon emanation from the sediment was measured by the sealed ‘can technique’ and the radon in the water was measured using the RAD-7 instrument. The mean values of 40 K, 226Ra, and 232Th in the sediment samples were found to be 297.3 ± 4.16 Bq kg−1, 75.1 ± 2.64 Bq kg−1, and 85.5 ± 2.62 Bq kg−1, respectively. The mean activity of radon, radon exhalation rate, and radium content were found to be 135.68 Bq m−3, 327.1 mBq m−1 h−1, and 133.03 mBq kg−1, respectively. The radon in the water ranged from 0.19 kBq m−3 to 1.40 kBq m−3. The hyper pure germanium gamma spectroscopy measured via 226Ra activity and the radon activity measured by the passive can technique showed good correlation. The mean value of radon in the water was within the internationally recommended level. The sediment was considered safe for the purpose of construction, except for some extreme values, and the water was deemed safe for drinking.
Bacteriophage-Based Biosensor for Detection of E. coli Bacteria on Graphene Modified Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Keihan Amir H. , Hosseinzadeh Ghader , Sajjadi Sharareh , Ashiani Danial , Dashtestani Fariba , Eskandari Khadijeh 
Published: April 2018

Background:Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria is one of the hazardous human pathogens. Consequently, developing the rapid and effective method for identification and quantization of E. coli is popular in biotechnological researches in recent years.Experimental:In this research, a label-free capacitance E. coli biosensor was fabricated based on immobilizing bacteriophage on the carbon paste electrode (Cp). Reduced graphene (RGr) was synthesized and used as a substrate for immobilization of bacteriophage on the Cp surface. E. coli bacteriophage was trapped in graphene modified carbon paste electrodes. The immobilization accuracy was confirmed via electrochemical techniques. The modified electrodes were applied as indicator electrodes for capacitance measurements of E. coli.Results:Through this method, E. coli was detected in a concentration range of 33×10-3 to 330×10-3 N L-1 (number of E. coli per Liter) with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 and a detection limit of 12×10-3 N L-1.Conclusion:The proposed biosensor has a fast response time of about 5 s and good selectivity over other bacteria.
KAJIAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK DAUN TEMBELEKAN (Lantana camara L) BERDASARKAN TINGKAT KEPOLARAN PELARUT
Authors: Mangela Oktavian , Ridhay Ahmad , Musafira Musafira 
Published: April 2018

The investigation about the antioxidant activity of tembelekan (Lantana camara L) leaf extract based on level polar solvent . Has been done the aim of this study was to determine the IC50 value and to know the content of antioxidant compounds from tembelekan leaf extract based on the level of polar solvent the extraction of tembelekan leaf was done with maceration method . The result showed that ethyl acetate extract of tembelekan leaf has the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value was 71,70 ppm. Keywords: Tembelekan ( Lantana Camara L ) , IC50 , Antioxidant , DPPH
PRODUKSI MALTODEKSTRIN DARI TEPUNG SAGU MENGGUNAKAN ENZIM Α-AMILASE
Authors: Sunari Sunari , Bahri Syaiful , Ys. Hardi 
Published: April 2018

The title of this research is “ the production of maltodextrin of sagoo flour using α-amylase”. The objective of this research is to find out the amount of sagoo flour, enzym and time reaction the produced maltodextrin with the highest dextrosa equivalent. To find the highest dextrosa equivalent, the treatment was vary the weight of sagoo flour, the amount of enzym and time. The variation of sagoo flour weight was 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 gram. The variation of enzym is 0.1, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, and 0.14 mL. The variation of time was 70, 80, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 minutes. The results of this research showed the best sagoo flour is 8 gr with de amount is 11,835, and the best omount of enzym is 0,14 mL with de amount 21.71, the best time reaction is 120 minutes with de amount is 17.625Keywords: sagoo flour, enzym α-amylase, maltodextrin
SINTESIS DAN KAREKTERISASI SENYAWA KIRAL HASIL REAKSI ANTARA METILEUGENOL KASAR DENGAN ASAM ASETAT
Authors: Lasapo Muh. Hajir S. , Rahim Erwin Abdul , Ruslan Ruslan , Indriani Indriani 
Published: April 2018

The research about synthesis and characterization of chiral compounds from the rough methyleugenol with acetic acid as the catalyst has been done. The goal is to determine the content of 1-(3,4-dimetoksifenil)-2-propanil acetate compound which is produced in the reaction process of metileugenol with acetic acid and to characterizased the chemical compound of the product. The results showed that the content of 1-(3,4-dimetoksifenil)-2-propanil acetate compound that has been obtained was 45.87% with a molecular weight of 238.Keywords : Methyleugenol, Chiral, FT-IR, GC-MS
HIDROLISIS SELULOSA DARI SEKAM PADI (Oryza sativa) MENJADI GLUKOSA DENGAN KATALIS ARANG TERSULFONASI
Authors: Pramana Adeks , Razak Abdul Rahman , Prismawiryanti Prismawiryanti 
Published: April 2018

Cellulose hydrolysis from rice husk (Oryza sativa) into glucose with sulfonated charcoal catalyst was conducted. The aim of this research was to determine sulfuric acid concentration and contact time on the sulfonation process of charcoal which would produce the highest glucose rendement from cellulose hydrolysis of rice husk. Sulfuric acid concentrations in this experiment were 8, 10, and 12 N with variation of contact time of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours respectively. Rice husk was delignified with NaOH 10% to produce cellulose which was hydrolyzed by sulfonated charcoal catalyst. Hydrolysis reaction with the ratio cellulose/aquadest 1:25 (w/v) was conducted in autoclave with temperature 130 oC for 3 hours. The result showed that 8 N concentration of sulfuric acid and 12 hours of contact time produced the highest glucose rendement 17,9%. Keywords : rice husks, cellulose, glucose, sulfonated charcoal
PEMANFAATAN KULIT JAGUNG (Zea mays) UNTUK PRODUKSI GLUKOSA MENGGUNAKAN KAPANG Trichoderma sp.
Authors: Safari Saiful , Bahri Syaiful , Nurhaeni Nurhaeni 
Published: April 2018

This study uses corn husk for the production of glucose by fermentation with the fungus Trichoderma sp. The aim is to determine the amount of Trichoderma sp. which is the best to produce the highest glucose with a variety of heavy fungus are 6, 9, and 12 grams in 25 grams of flour corn husk. Fermentation time variation 3, 4, and 5 weeks. Determination of the glucose level with DNS method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The study design using RAL factorial consisting of two factors, namely the weight of the fungus and fermentation time, each factor consists of 3 levels and is done in duplicate.The results showed that high glucose levels obtained in the addition of 12 grams of fungus and fermentation time 4 weeks with a glucose level of 21.72%.Keywords: Corn husk, Trichoderma weight, Time of fermentation, Glucose
EKSTRAKSI DAN UJI STABILITAS BETASIANIN DALAM EKSTRAK BUAH KAKTUS (Opuntia elatior Mill.)
Authors: Rengku Patrisia Marcevin , Ridhay Ahmad , Prismawiryanti Prismawiryanti 
Published: April 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang ekstraksi dan uji stabilitas ekstrak buah kaktus (Opuntia elatior Mill.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi pelarut (etanol; campuran etanol : air; dan air) terhadap kadar betasianin dalam ekstrak buah kaktus. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi selama 72 jam pada semua variasi pelarut. Hasil terbaik dari perlakuan di atas kemudian dilakukan pengujian stabilitas betasianin terhadap cahaya dan pH. Pengujian stabilitas terhadap cahaya dilakukan dengan pemaparan betasianin ekstrak buah kaktus dibawah sinar matahari langsung selama 5 jam dengan variasi wadah penyimpan, yaitu botol cokelat dan botol bening. Analisis kadar betasianin dilakukan setiap 1 jam. Pengujian stabilitas betasianin terhadap pH dilakukan dengan cara penyimpanan sampel selama 72 jam dengan variasi pH 3, 4, 5, 6. 7 dan 8. Kadar betasianin tertinggi diperloleh menggunakan pelarut air yaitu sebesar 15,42 mg/100g. Betasianin tidak stabil terhadap paparan cahaya matahari dimana kadar betasianin berkurang sebanyak 47,35% pada botol cokelat dan 66,93% pada botol bening setelah 5 jam penyimpanan. Betasianin stabil pada kondisi pH 4, 5 dan 6 dengan penurunan kadar betasianin masing-masing sebesar 15,82%, 14,25% dan 15,71%. Kata Kunci : Buah Kaktus (Opuntia elatior Mill.), Ekstraksi, Stabilitas Betasianin
Effects of hypobaric Endurance Training on Graded Exercise Induced Lymphocyte Mobilization, Senescence and Their Surface Thiol Levels in Elite Male Athletes
Authors: Azali Alamdari Karim - , Bashiri Jabbar 
Published: April 2018

The effects of each hypoxemic exercise session or overall training period still remains to be more elucidated in elite athletes. Therefore, we investigated the effects of hypobaric endurance training on lymphocytes mobilization and senescence and also their surface Thiol levels following to graded exercise test (GXT) in elite male athletes. Fourty six volunteer subjects were randomized into normobaric control (NC), hypobaric control (HC), normobaric exercise (NE) and hypobaric exercise (HE) groups. The NE and HE groups were exposed to homeland (700 mmHg) and 2800 meters above sea level (570 mmHg) simulated barometric pressures respectively, while HC and NC groups were remained sedentary at the same conditions. The training was included on treadmill running for four weeks, five sessions/week, 45 min/ session. Each session was consisted of three-min warmed up period, three cycles of 10-min running at 65% maximal heart rate reserve (HRRmax) interspersed with a three-min active recovery and three-min cool-down running period. Two GXTs were performed before (baseline) and after the interventions and blood samples were collected three times at both occasions. In all groups, mobilization of CD8+lymphocytes and senescent phenotype population of their both CD4+ and CD8+ subsets were increased after both GXTs, however; these changes were reversed following to recovery period(P<0.05). Moreover, HE were decreased lymphocytes surface thiol levels before and after the second GXT (P<0.05).it can be concluded that HE has no additional benefits for elite athletes regarded to lymphocytes mobilization and senescence, however; it may render them to oxidative stress.
KAJIAN PENINGKATAN KUALITAS BERAS MERAH ( Oryza nivara) INSTAN DENGAN CARA FISIK
Authors: Sumartini Sumartini 
Published: April 2018

Beras merah saat ini kalah pamor ketimbang beras putih. Padahal, beras merah memiliki efek kesehatan yang jauh lebih baik dari pada beras putih. Perhatian petani Indonesia terhadap beras merah pun kurang.Salah satu penganekaragaman dan cara termudah untuk memproses beras merah,maka akan dijadikan beras merah instan yang bergizi dan tahan lama dengan membandingkan antara beras merah organik dan non organik.Maksud dan tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari dan mengetahui pengaruh perendaman terhadap beras merah organik dan non organik terhadap penurunan kualitas organoleptik. Manfaat yang diharapkan pada hasil penelitian yang akan dilakukan adalah dapat mengetahui pengaruh perendaman terhadap kandungan beras merah organik dan non organik yang dijadikan produk beras instan dan memudahkan para golongan masyarakat yang sibuk dapat menjadikan alternatif dengan hadirnya beras instan yang hanya butuh waktu masak 5-10 menit saja.Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada pengaruh terhadap pegujian warna,rasa dan aroma serta tidak berpengaruh terhadap tekstur,dengan volume pengembangan 2 kali lipat waktu penyeduhan beras merah organik dan non organik selama 5 menit. Kadar pati,protein,lemak dan air berbeda pada bahan baku untuk beras organik dan non organik dimana kadar pati tertinggi ada pada beras organik merk gasol,kadar protein dan lemak teringgi beras organik merk olen, sedangkan untuk beras non organik kadar patinya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan beras organik. Setelah dilakukan perendaman masing masing selama 2 jam, sebelum dijadikan nasi instan,air rendaman ada yang dibuang dan tidak dibuang maka didapatkan hasil kadar pati dan kadar air yang berbeda, kadar pati teringgi didapatkan pada sampel nasi organik instan yang air rendamannya tidak dibuang.
KARAKTERISASI PLASTIK BIODEGRADABEL DARI LDPE-g-MA DAN PATI TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT
Authors: Samah Selfa Dewati 
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan suatu plastik biodegradabel yang dapat terurai di alam, sehingga dapat menjadi salah satu solusi dalam penumpukan sampah plastik yang sulit diuraikan oleh alam. Plastik biodegradabel yang dihasilkan dari pencampuran limbah plastik polietilena jenis Low Density Polyetylene (LDPE) dengan pati Tandan kosong Sawit (TKS) yang dimodifikasi dengan menambahkan maleat anhidrida sebagai agen pengikat silang. Untuk menghasilkan plastik biodegradabel dilakukan variasi perbandingan tertentu antara limbah LDPE, pati TKS, maleat anhidrida dan benzoil peroksida (90:10:1:1), (80:20:1:1), (70:30:1:1), (60:40:1:1). Tahapan penelitian ini melakukan ekstraksi pati dari tandan kosong sawit (TKS), preparasi serbuk plastik biodegradabel dengan metode refluks menggunakan pelarut xilena dari berbagai variasi komposisi limbah LDPE, pati TKS, maleat anhidrida, dan benzoil peroksida, pencetakkan plastik biodegradabel dengan metode kempa tekan dan karakterisasi terhadap hasil plastik biodegradabel yaitu analisa sifat mekanik dengan uji kuat tarik dan kemuluran, analisa kemampuannya terurai di alam dengan uji biodegradabel, dan analisa sifat kimianya dengan uji FTIR. Dari hasil karakterisasi dapat diperoleh kondisi optimum plastik biodegradabel yang dihasilkan Plastik biodegradabel dengan perbandingan Limbah LDPE, Pati TKS, maleat anhidrida, benzoil peroksida (60:40:1:1) yang memiliki kemampuan terurai pada tanah sampah yaitu sebesar 9,032%, harga kuat tarik 6,9410 N/m2 dan nilai kemuluran 3,1875 %, analisa sifat kimia dengan uji FT-IR menunjukan bilangan gelombang yang khas untuk ikatan antara limbah LDPE-g-MA dan Pati TKS yaitu 1165,00 cm-1 yang menunjukan gugus fungsi C-O bending .
ISOLASI KUMARIN DARI KULIT BUAH LIMAU SUNDAI (Citrus nobilis Lour)
Authors: Mulia Melindra 
Published: April 2018

Coumarin has been isolated and characteritated from rind of Citrus nobilis Lour by maseration methode with methanol. After fractionation by n-hexane and ethyl acetate, collected the phase ethyl acetate which positive of coumarin. From ethyl acetate extract coumarin have been isolated by column chromatography. The isolation results was obtain 2,159 g of pure white needle-shape crystalline with the melting point of 126,2-127,60C. Structure of the isolated coumarine was elucidated by spectroscopic methodes, UV-Vis,13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, 2D-NMR (DEPT/HSQC, COSY, NOESY, HMBC) and IR spectra. Based on the spectra data the isolated coumarine is marmin.
Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Wiryanto Wisber 
Published: April 2018

Abstrak
Kebijakan reformasi administrasi di bidang sumber daya manusia aparatur dititikberatkan pada pengembangan kompetensi Pegawai Negeri Sipil. Penjabaran Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara berupa Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen Pegawai Negeri Sipil, menyatakan Pegawai Negeri Sipil memiliki hak dan kesempatan minimal 20 (dua puluh) jam pelajaran per tahun untuk mengembangkan kompetensi manajerial, teknis dan sosial kultural. Konsekwensinya, instansi pemerintah pusat seperti kementerian, lembaga dan pemerintah daerah harus menyelenggarakan pengembangan kompetensi yang dilakukan melalui perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi agar efisien dan efektif. Makalah ini berusaha untuk menjawab pertanyaan kunci dalam penelitian: Bagaimana instansi pemerintah melakukan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi pengembangan kompetensi? Metode penelitian pustaka digunakan untuk pengumpulan data dan digunakan teknik analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penilaian kesenjangan kompetensi melalui metode assessment center menghadapi kendala biaya karena jumlah Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang dinilai sangat banyak; dan instansi pemerintah pada umumnya belum menyusun standar kompetensi manajerial, teknis dan sosial kultural.
Kata Kunci: Reformasi Administrasi, Kesenjangan Kompetensi, Standar Kompetensi.
Using News Story as Alternative Activity for University Students in Listening Class
Authors: Marlina Leni 
Published: April 2018

Ada tiga alasan utama mengapa mendengar berita dapat menjadi kegiatan alternatif dalam belajar Listening. Pertama, disamping mendapatkan kemampuan menyimak, mahasiswa juga mendapatkan berita terbaru sesuai dengan topik yang mereka senangi. Kedua, mahasiswa dapat menerapkan beberapa jenis keahlian mendengar melalui berita. Ketiga, makna yang terkandung dalam berita dapat dipahami dengan mudah melalui pertanyaan 5 Ws dan 1 H. Berita dapat digunakan di kelas Listening melalui tiga tahap yaitu: persiapan, pelaksanaan dan penilaian. Kata kunci: menyimak (listening), berita (news story)
Pengajaran Puisi dengan Metode Discovery-Inquiry
Authors: Tiarina Yuli 
Published: April 2018

The goal of teaching literature is enabling students to enjoy, comprehend, explore and use literary work for improving their knowledge and language skill as well. Besides that, it is also aimed at encouraging students to master and dig the distinctive points of literary work genres, namely prose, drama and poem. In fact, teaching literature, especially teaching poem for elementary students is not an easy job. Because it becomes a problem sometime for an English teacher to make their students love and enjoy poem. So that, an appropriate teaching method is needed to solve that problem, even there is no best method which can meet all of teaching and learning goals. One of recent method that is widely used by English teacher recently is Contextual Teaching Learning (CTL). The principles of CTL have high possibilities to be applied, they are; contructing, modelling, discovery, learning community and questioning. Dealing with Discovery-Inquiry method, Carin in mentioned that Discovery-Inquiry is a teaching method that give great chances for students to get involved and using their mental process to dig and make the discoveries for materials that they are studied. This method designs the situation that empowers students to activate their learning experience. Students may study outside of class for observation and getting inspiration, next time that experience can be written in a poem, so unconsciously they have learned how to write and explore a poem. Key words: puisi, inquiry-discovery, modeling, learning community
Bentuk Tsumori dan You To Omou yang Menyatakan Maksud: Kajian Struktur
Authors: Yulia Nova 
Published: April 2018

This research is emphasized on phrase structure and sentence structure of Tsumori and You To Omou. This research is structural analysis which is conducted to analyze phrase and sentence used Tsoumori and You To Omou that are found in the novel Harry Potta To Kenja No Ishi . This novel is written in Japanese language. It is written by Matsuako Yuuko. The problem that will be analyzed in this research is dealing with phrase structure and sentence structure of Tsumori and You To Omou. The aim of this research is to describe the phrase structure and sentence structure of Tsumori and You To Omou sentence. The method that is used in this analysis is descriptive method by explaining or describing the features of accurate data clearly and in detail. Keyword: Structure, phrase, “tsumori”, “you to omou”
Konsistensi Bahasa Anak di Lingkungan Multibahasawan
Authors: Utomo Padi 
Published: April 2018

Permasalahan dalam artikel ini difokuskan pada bagaimana proses kelancaran pemerolehan bahasa Indonesia bagi anak yang berbahasa ibu bahasa Indo-nesia (BI) dalam berkomunikasi secara lisan. Hal ini menarik karena anak selalu berhadapan dengan ma-syarakat yang berbeda-beda dan secara aktif meng-gunakan bahasa daerah yang berbeda pula. Dari hasil analisis diketahui bahwa anak di dalam memproduksi bahasa Indonesia untuk berkomunikasi sering meng-alami kesalahan dalam pengucapan dan dalam pemilih-an kata. Kesalahan pengucapan karena anak mengucap-kan kalimat bahasa Indonesia seperti kata dalam bahasa daerah yang dikuasai. Sedangkan kesalahan pemilihan kata terjadi karena anak belum memahami maka kosa kata bahasa daerah secara tepat. Kondisi semacam itu meskipun menunjukkan kerancauan berbahasa anak tetapi dalam perkembangan selanjutnya menunjukkan bahwa anak tetap lebih baik di dalam berbahasa Indonesia dengan memiliki banyak kosa kata dari ber-bagai bahasa daerah. Kemampuan memproduksi bahasa dalam berkomunikasi tampak menunjukkan ketelitian dan kehati-hatian anak dalam memilih kata secara tepat. Kata kunci: pemerolehan bahasa, bahasa daerah, baha-sa ibu, interferensi
Peningkatan Keterampilan Menulis Berita Melalui Pendekatan Inkuiri pada Siswa Kelas VIII 1 SMP Negeri 1 Barus Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah
Authors: Hasibuan Ratna Dewi 
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini berlatar belakang rendahnya kemampuan siswa dalam menulis berita secara logis dan sistematis dalam bentuk teks berita. Masalah yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) bagaimanakah proses peningkatan keterampilan menulis berita pada siswa kelas VIII 1 SMP Negeri 1 Barus Kabupaten Tpanuli Tengah setelah mengikuti pembelajaran melalui pendekatan inkuiri?, (2) faktor apakah yang menyebabkan peningkatan keterampilan menulis berita siswa kelas VIII1 SMP Negeri 1 Barus Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah?. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan proses peningkatan keterampilan menulis berita siswa setelah mengikuti pembelajaran melalui pendekatan inkuiri, (2) mendeskripsikan hasil peningkatan hasil keterampilan menulis berita siswa setelah mengikuti pembelajaran melalui pendekatan inkuiri. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII 1 SMP Negeri 1 Barus Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah, yang berjumlah 30 orang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan dua siklus yaitu siklus I dan siklus II. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua teknik pengumpul data yaitu, teknik tes dan nontes. Teknik tes digunakan untuk mengetahui perhitungan dari masing-masing tes, kemudian dibandingkan antara siklus I dan siklus II, sedangkan teknik nontes yang digunakan adalah melalui observasi, tes unjuk kerja, wawancara, catatan lapangan. Teknik analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pendekatan inkuiri dalam pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam menulis berita dan meningkatkan aktifitas siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Peningkatan ini terlihat dari rata-rata prasiklus sebesar 54,5%, siklus I sebesar 76,3%, siklus II sebesar 80,73%. Faktor yang menyebabkan peningkatan keterampilan siswa menulis berita adalah (1) Kerja sama kelompok, (2) kegiatan observasi karya orang lain, (3) adanya kesempatan siswa berlatih menulis berita, (4) pembahasan berita yang telah mereka tulis. Kata kunci: Keterampilan menulis berita, pendekatan inkuiri