bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross-level model of team-level psychological capital (PsyCap) and individual- and team-level outcomes
Authors: Dawkins Sarah , Martin Angela , Scott Jenn , Sanderson Kristy , Schüz Benjamin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPsychological capital (PsyCap) is a higher-order construct reflecting the psychological resources of hope, efficacy, resilience and optimism. This study adopted a multilevel approach to investigate relationships between team-level PsyCap and team- and individual-level outcomes. We also compared two compositional models of aggregation to represent team-level PsyCap. Findings revealed significant associations between team-level PsyCap and team- (performance and satisfaction) and individual-level (job satisfaction, turnover intent) outcomes, particularly when a referent-shift model of aggregation was employed. We also investigated PsyCap strength to explore the degree to which team member consensus regarding PsyCap perceptions may moderate these relationships. We found that team PsyCap strength had a significant influence in the prediction of most outcomes. Our findings emphasize the importance of fostering team-level positivity, as the benefits of team-level PsyCap can operate at both the individual and team level. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed, along with avenues for future research.
Developing a Worksite-based Culturally Adapted Smoking Cessation Intervention for Male Hispanic/Latino Construction Workers
Authors: Dietz Noella A. , Asfar Taghrid , Caban-Martinez Alberto J. , Ward Kenneth D. , Santiago Katerina , Ruano-Herreria Estefania C. , McClure Laura A. , Lee David J. 
Published: May 2018

Introduction:Over 2.6 million Hispanic/Latino construction workers (CWs) live in the US; 91% of South Florida CWs are Hispanic/Latino. CWs have higher smoking and lower cessation rates than other workers. Limited access to cessation services, worksite turnover, and lack of interventions tailored to culture/occupation hinder cessation. Partnering with worksite food trucks to deliver unique cessation interventions may improve these efforts.Aims:To explore a novel cessation approach, assess worker/worksite acceptability, and seek input into intervention development.Methods:In 2016, we conducted five semi-structured focus groups with 37 smoking Hispanic/Latino CWs. Constant comparative analysis was used to examinea priorithemes regarding smoking behaviours, cessation treatments, intervention delivery, cultural adaptation, and quit interest.Results:CWs reported tremendous job stress. Most smoking occurred during the workday and most CWs did not use nicotine replacement therapy with past quit attempts. Most CWs were open to a worksite face-to-face group cessation intervention before work (many underutilize breaks and feel pressure to keep working). CWs felt it unnecessary to tailor the intervention to Hispanics/Latinos indicating smokers are the same regardless of race/ethnicity.Conclusions:Findings demonstrate the need to consider work environments, job demands/stress, and worker preferences when developing accessible and acceptable cessation interventions.
Approaches and challenges to the study of loess—Introduction to the LoessFest Special Issue
Authors: Schaetzl Randall J. , Bettis E. Arthur , Crouvi Onn , Fitzsimmons Kathryn E. , Grimley David A. , Hambach Ulrich , Lehmkuhl Frank , Marković Slobodan B. , Mason Joseph A. , Owczarek Piotr , Roberts Helen M. , Rousseau Denis-Didier , Stevens Thomas , Vandenberghe Jef , Zárate Marcelo , Veres Daniel , Yang Shiling , Zech Michael , Conroy Jessica L. , Dave Aditi K. , Faust Dominik , Hao Qingzhen , Obreht Igor , Prud’homme Charlotte , Smalley Ian , Tripaldi Alfonsina , Zeeden Christian , Zech Roland 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn September 2016, the annual meeting of the International Union for Quaternary Research’s Loess and Pedostratigraphy Focus Group, traditionally referred to as a LoessFest, met in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA. The 2016 LoessFest focused on “thin” loess deposits and loess transportation surfaces. This LoessFest included 75 registered participants from 10 countries. Almost half of the participants were from outside the United States, and 18 of the participants were students. This review is the introduction to the special issue forQuaternary Researchthat originated from presentations and discussions at the 2016 LoessFest. This introduction highlights current understanding and ongoing work on loess in various regions of the world and provides brief summaries of some of the current approaches/strategies used to study loess deposits.
Multi-stage growth and fluid evolution of a hydrothermal sulphide chimney in the East Pacific Ridge 1–2° S hydrothermal field: constraints from in situ sulphur isotopes
Authors: MENG XINGWEI , LI XIAOHU , CHU FENGYOU , FU BIN , LEI JIJIANG , LI ZHENGGANG , WANG HAO , CHEN LIN 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSulphur isotopes can be used as a powerful tool to trace fluid evolution and explore the formation of chimneys. To clarify the in situ S isotopic variations of sulphides at the micro-scale, we analyzed a sulphide chimney collected from the hydrothermal field in the East Pacific Rise 1–2° S using a sensitive high-mass-resolution ion micro-probe for stable isotopes (SHRIMP SI). Three mineral zones can be identified in the chimney: an external outer wall of porous anhydrite and colloform pyrite, an internal middle zone of sub-euhedral pyrite and massive chalcopyrite, and an inner zone of massive pyrite. The δ34SV-CDT values of the sulphides fall within the range 1.83–7.51 ‰ (avg. 4.05 ‰, n = 16), and S isotopic values increase from the core (3.09 ‰, n = 3) to the middle (3.78 ‰, n = 11) to the edge (6.99 ‰, n = 2). These results illustrate mineral crystallization processes and the mixing between seawater-derived S and magmatic–hydrothermal fluids during the growth of the chimney. The zones from the edge to the core are characterized by crystal morphologies of colloform/anhedral pyrite to massive pyrite with decreasing δ34S values, revealing multi-stage mineral deposition and sulphur isotopic fractionation. In contrast to the increase in δ34S values from the core to the edge in one profile (profile A), anomalously low δ34S values in fine-grained pyrite relative to chalcopyrite in another profile (profile B) in the middle zone result from S isotopic exchange between seawater SO42− and fluid H2S due to different fluid–seawater mixing, possibly caused by variations in permeability and porosity across the chimney.
Constitutional Entrenchment of Decentralization in Africa: An Overview of Trends and Tendencies
Authors: Fombad Charles M 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe prominent place given to decentralization in the design of post-1990 African constitutions has been likened to a silent revolution. This is not surprising, for sharing power has been anathema to post-independence African leaders, who have striven to personalize power and concentrate it within a privileged clique in the capital city. This article assesses the nature and significance of the increasing trend in Africa towards constitutional entrenchment of decentralized forms of government. It examines the concept of decentralization and its manifestations in contemporary African constitutional design. It provides an overview of the extent of the constitutional entrenchment of decentralization in African practice, and then considers the rationale for, and possible implications of, this process. From an analysis and comparison of emerging trends, it argues that only a formally and constitutionally entrenched decentralization framework can ensure that the process is effectively implemented and is not dependent on the goodwill of the central government.
Testing an input-based account of children's errors with inflectional morphology: an elicited production study of Japanese
Authors: TATSUMI Tomoko , AMBRIDGE Ben , PINE Julian M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study tested the claim of input-based accounts of language acquisition that children's inflectional errors reflect competition between different forms of the same verb in memory. In order to distinguish this claim from the claim that inflectional errors reflect the use of a morphosyntactic default, we focused on the Japanese verb system, which shows substantial by-verb variation in the frequency distribution of past and nonpast forms. 22 children aged 3;2–5;8 (Study 1) and 26 children aged 2;7–4;11 (Study 2) completed elicited production studies designed to elicit past and nonpast forms of 20 verbs (past-biased and nonpast-biased). Children made errors in both directions, using past forms in nonpast contexts, and vice versa, with the likelihood of each determined by the frequency bias of the two forms in the input language, even after controlling for telicity. This bi-directional pattern provides particularly direct evidence for the role of frequency-sensitive competition between stored forms.
Near-infrared spectroscopy used to predict soybean seed germination and vigour
Authors: Al-Amery Maythem , Geneve Robert L. , Sanches Mauricio F. , Armstrong Paul R. , Maghirang Elizabeth B. , Lee Chad , Vieira Roberval D. , Hildebrand David F. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRapid, non-destructive methods for measuring seed germination and vigour are valuable. Standard germination and seed vigour were determined using 81 soybean seed lots. From these data, seed lots were separated into high and low germinating seed lots as well as high, medium and low vigour seed lots. Near-infrared spectra (950–1650 nm) were collected for training and validation samples for each seed category and used to create partial least squares (PLS) prediction models. For both germination and vigour, qualitative models provided better discrimination of high and low performing seed lots compared with quantitative models. The qualitative germination prediction models correctly identified low and high germination seed lots with an accuracy between 85.7 and 89.7%. For seed vigour, qualitative predictions for the 3-category (low, medium and high vigour) models could not adequately separate high and medium vigour seeds. However, the 2-category (low, medium plus high vigour) prediction models could correctly identify low vigour seed lots between 80 and 100% and the medium plus high vigour seed lots between 96.3 and 96.6%. To our knowledge, the current study is the first to provide near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-based predictive models using agronomically meaningful cut-offs for standard germination and vigour on a commercial scale using over 80 seed lots.
Tree dimension in verification of constrained Horn clauses
Authors: KAFLE BISHOKSAN , GALLAGHER JOHN P. , GANTY PIERRE 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we show how the notion of tree dimension can be used in the verification of constrained Horn clauses (CHCs). The dimension of a tree is a numerical measure of its branching complexity and the concept here applies to Horn clause derivation trees. Derivation trees of dimension zero correspond to derivations using linear CHCs, while trees of higher dimension arise from derivations using non-linear CHCs. We show how to instrument CHCs predicates with an extra argument for the dimension, allowing a CHC verifier to reason about bounds on the dimension of derivations. Given a set of CHCsP, we define a transformation ofPyielding adimension-boundedset of CHCsP≤k. The set of derivations forP≤kconsists of the derivations forPthat have dimension at mostk. We also show how to construct a set of clauses denotedP>kwhose derivations have dimension exceedingk. We then present algorithms using these constructions to decompose a CHC verification problem. One variation of this decomposition considers derivations of successively increasing dimension. The paper includes descriptions of implementations and experimental results.
Residual Herbicide Effect on Interseeded Annual Clover in Southern Forage Systems
Authors: Tucker Jennifer J. , Mullenix M. Kimberly , Enloe Stephen F. , Burch Pat L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAcross the southeastern United States, pyridine carboxylic acid herbicides are widely used for broadleaf weed control in permanent grass pastures. This family of herbicides has proved very successful for controlling most broadleaf weeds commonly present in southeastern pastures and hayfields. In the southern United States, producers have expressed concern when overseeding legume species into warm-season perennial sods following application of commonly used pyridine carboxylic acid herbicides, as legumes are generally highly sensitive to this herbicide family. Field experiments were established to evaluate two herbicide treatment programs (residual vs nonresidual) on crimson clover overseeded into bermudagrass sod. The residual herbicide program included aminopyralid plus 2,4-D (0.09 + 0.7 kg ae ha–1), and the nonresidual program included triclopyr plus fluroxypyr (0.63 + 0.21 kg ae ha–1) plus 2,4-D (1.12 kg ae ha–1). Herbicide programs were applied at two key timings: in spring (May) and early summer (June). Spring applications were also evaluated when used in single vs repeated annual application. Our results did not indicate soil residual herbicide issues for crimson clover planted in the fall following spring or early-summer application of aminopyralid + 2,4-D at either location. Additionally, there were no cumulative negative impacts on crimson clover following 2 yr of spring herbicide application. Crimson clover cover, however, strongly decreased as grass and weed cover increased––an event that may be related to greater interspecific competition at higher levels of grass and weed cover. Soil fertility, weather, and competition from resident annual grasses and weeds strongly influenced productivity, suggesting that changes in pasture dynamics had a greater influence on clover productivity than did herbicide treatment or timing of application.
Brown and Black Carbon Emitted by a Marine Engine Operated on Heavy Fuel Oil and Distillate Fuels: Optical Properties, Size Distributions, and Emission Factors
Authors: Corbin J. C. , Pieber S. M. , Czech H. , Zanatta M. , Jakobi G. , Massabò D. , Orasche J. , El Haddad I. , Mensah A. A. , Stengel B. , Drinovec L. , Mocnik G. , Zimmermann R. , Prévôt A. S. H. , Gysel M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe characterized the chemical composition and optical properties of particulate matter (PM) emitted by a marine diesel engine operated on heavy fuel oil (HFO), marine gas oil (MGO), and diesel fuel (DF). For all three fuels, ∼80% of submicron PM was organic (and sulfate, for HFO at higher engine loads). Emission factors varied only slightly with engine load. Refractory black carbon (rBC) particles were not thickly coated for any fuel; rBC was therefore externally mixed from organic and sulfate PM. For MGO and DF PM, rBC particles were lognormally distributed in size (mode at drBC≈120 nm). For HFO, much larger rBC particles were present. Combining the rBC mass concentrations with in situ absorption measurements yielded an rBC mass absorption coefficient MACBC,780nm of 7.8 ± 1.8 m2/g at 780 nm for all three fuels. Using positive deviations of the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) from unity to define brown carbon (brC), we found that brC absorption was negligible for MGO or DF PM (AAE(370,880 nm)≈1.0 ± 0.1) but typically 50% of total 370‐nm absorption for HFO PM. Even at 590 nm, ∼20  of the total absorption was due to brC. Using absorption at 880 nm as a reference for BC absorption and normalizing to organic PM mass, we obtained a MACOM,370nm of 0.4 m2/g at typical operating conditions. Furthermore, we calculated an imaginary refractive index of (0.045 ± 0.025)(λ/370nm)−3 for HFO PM at 370 nm>λ > 660 nm, more than twofold greater than previous recommendations. Climate models should account for this substantial brC absorption in HFO PM.
Dynamic Response of a High Arctic Glacier to Melt and Runoff Variations
Authors: van Pelt Ward J. J. , Pohjola Veijo A. , Pettersson Rickard , Ehwald Lena E. , Reijmer Carleen H. , Boot Wim , Jakobs Constantijn L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe dynamic response of High Arctic glaciers to increased runoff in a warming climate remains poorly understood. We analyze a 10‐year record of continuous velocity data collected at multiple sites on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard, and study the connection between ice flow and runoff within and between seasons. During the melt season, the sensitivity of ice motion to runoff at sites in the ablation and lower accumulation zone drops by a factor of 3 when cumulative runoff exceeds a local threshold, which is likely associated with a transition from inefficient (distributed) to efficient (channelized) drainage. Average summer (June–August) velocities are found to increase with summer ablation, while subsequent fall (September–November) velocities decrease. Spring (March–May) velocities are largely insensitive to summer ablation, which suggests a short‐lived impact of summer melt on ice flow during the cold season. The net impact of summer ablation on annual velocities is found to be insignificant.
Mechanics of Fold‐and‐Thrust Belts Based on Geomechanical Modeling
Authors: Gao B. , Flemings P. B. , Nikolinakou M. A. , Saffer D. M. , Heidari M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe use a large strain geomechanical model and critical state soil mechanics to study the evolution of stress and deformation in an evolving fold‐and‐thrust belt and its underlying footwall sediments. Both mean effective stress and deviatoric stress contribute to porosity loss within the wedge with 35% of the porosity loss resulting from increased shear. As a result, porosity increases abruptly across the décollement because both mean‐effective and shear stresses are much higher inside the wedge than in the footwall. As the basal friction coefficient (μb) increases, more shear stress is transmitted across the décollement, resulting in additional compaction of the footwall sediment and decrease in the porosity contrast across the décollement. As the internal friction coefficient (μs) increases, the wedge sediment is more compacted because it can withstand higher mean‐effective and deviatoric stresses. Inside the wedge, the sediment experiences subhorizontal shortening strain and subvertical elongation strain. We predict a 10–30 km wide “transition zone” in which the shear‐stress ratios and compaction curves change rapidly between compressional critical state failure and uniaxial strain (K0) state. Our model results agree with the taper angles and the stress orientations predicted by critical taper theory. This large‐strain drained modeling approach provides first‐order insights into the mechanical processes of loading and compaction in fold‐and‐thrust belts and a foundation for understanding field observations of pressure, stress, and deformation in thrust belt systems.
A Chorus of the Winds—On Saturn!
Authors: Read P. L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractResults from the recently completed Cassini mission (Guerlet et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JE005419) have demonstrated that Saturn's tropical stratosphere hosts an intriguing oscillation in its zonal (east‐west) flow that is a direct analog of the Earth's stratospheric quasi‐biennial oscillation or semiannual oscillation. The new results represent a significant advance in characterizing this phenomenon on Saturn, though a number of difficult questions are still outstanding. Is Saturn's equatorial oscillation phase‐locked to its seasonal cycle? How many other planets in our Solar System might host such analogs of the quasi‐biennial oscillation?
A novel long non-coding RNA-PRLB acts as a tumor promoter through regulating miR-4766-5p/SIRT1 axis in breast cancer
Authors: Liang Yiran , Song Xiaojin , Li Yaming , Sang Yuting , Zhang Ning , Zhang Hanwen , Liu Ying , Duan Yi , Chen Bing , Guo Renbo , Zhao Wenjing , Wang Lijuan , Yang Qifeng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in cancerous processes as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Here, we demonstrated that lncRNA-PRLB (progression-associated lncRNA in breast cancer) was upregulated in human breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines. Further evaluation verified that lncRNA-PRLB was positively correlated with the extent of metastasis, and its expression was correlated with shorter survival time of breast cancer patients. We identified microRNA miR-4766-5p as an inhibitory target of lncRNA-PRLB. Both lncRNA-PRLB overexpression and miR-4766-5p knockdown could remarkably enhance cell growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance. We also determined that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was an inhibitory target of miR-4766-5p, and that SIRT1 was inhibited by both lncRNA-PRLB knockdown and miR-4766-5p overexpression. Significantly, we found that the promotion of cell proliferation and metastasis, the acquisition of chemoresistance, and the increased expression of SIRT1 induced by lncRNA-PRLB overexpression could be partly abrogated by ectopic expression of miR-4766-5p. Taken together, our findings indicated that lncRNA could regulate the progression and chemoresistance of breast cancer via modulating the expression levels of miR-4766-5p and SIRT1, which may have a pivotal role in breast cancer treatment and prognosis prediction.
MicroRNA-17-92 cluster promotes the proliferation and the chemokine production of keratinocytes: implication for the pathogenesis of psoriasis
Authors: Zhang Weigang , Yi Xiuli , An Yawen , Guo Sen , Li Shuli , Song Pu , Chang Yuqian , Zhang Shaolong , Gao Tianwen , Wang Gang , Li Chunying 
Published: May 2018

AbstractKeratinocytes are the main epidermal cell type that constitutes the skin barrier against environmental damages, which emphasizes the balance between the growth and the death of keratinocytes in maintaining skin homeostasis. Aberrant proliferation of keratinocytes and the secretion of inflammatory factors from keratinocytes are related to the formation of chronic inflammatory skin diseases like psoriasis. MicroRNA-17-92 (miRNA-17-92 or miR-17-92) is a miRNA cluster that regulates cell growth and immunity, but the role of miR-17-92 cluster in keratinocytes and its relation to skin diseases have not been well investigated. In the present study, we initially found that miR-17-92 cluster promoted the proliferation and the cell-cycle progression of keratinocytes via suppressing cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (CDKN2B). Furthermore, miR-17-92 cluster facilitated the secretion of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) from keratinocytes by inhibiting suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), which enhanced the chemotaxis for T lymphocytes formed by keratinocytes. In addition, we detected increased expression of miR-17-92 cluster in psoriatic lesions and the level of lesional miR-17-92 cluster was positively correlated with the disease severity in psoriasis patients. At last, miR-17-92 cluster was increased in keratinocytes by cytokines through the activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling pathway. Our findings demonstrate that cytokine-induced overexpression of miR-17-92 cluster can promote the proliferation and the immune function of keratinocytes, and thus may contribute to the development of inflammatory skin diseases like psoriasis, which implicates miR-17-92 cluster as a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis and other skin diseases with similar inflammatory pathogenesis.