bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DS‐70, a novel and potent α4 integrin antagonist, is an effective treatment for experimental allergic conjunctivitis in guinea pigs
Authors: Dattoli Samantha Deianira , Baiula Monica , De Marco Rossella , Bedini Andrea , Anselmi Michele , Gentilucci Luca , Spampinato Santi 
Published: July 2018

Background and PurposeAllergic conjunctivitis is an eye inflammation that involves the infiltration of immune cells into the conjunctiva via cell surface‐adhesion receptors, such as integrin α4β1. These receptors interact with adhesion molecules expressed on the conjunctival endothelium and may be a target to treat this disease. We synthesized DS‐70, a novel α/β‐peptidomimetic α4 integrin antagonist, to prevent the conjunctival infiltration of immune cells and clinical symptoms in a model of allergic conjunctivitis.Experimental ApproachIn vitro, DS‐70 was pharmacologically characterized using a scintillation proximity procedure to measure its affinity for α4β1 integrin, and its effect on cell adhesion mediated by different integrins was also evaluated. The effects of DS‐70 on vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1)‐mediated degranulation of a human mast cell line and an eosinophilic cell line, which both express α4β1, and on VCAM‐1‐mediated phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in Jurkat E6.1 cells were investigated. Effects of DS‐70 administered in the conjunctival fornix of ovalbumin‐sensitized guinea pigs were evaluated.Key ResultsDS‐70 bound to integrin α4β1 with nanomolar affinity, prevented the adhesion of α4 integrin‐expressing cells, antagonized VCAM‐1‐mediated degranulation of mast cells and eosinophils and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. Only 20% was degraded after an 8 h incubation with serum. DS‐70 dose‐dependently reduced the clinical symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis, conjunctival α4 integrin expression and conjunctival levels of chemokines and cytokines in ovalbumin‐sensitized guinea pigs.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese findings highlight the role of α4 integrin in allergic conjunctivitis and suggest that DS‐70 is a potential treatment for this condition.
Association between thyroid hormone levels, body composition and insulin resistance in euthyroid subjects with normal thyroid ultrasound: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study
Authors: Kwon Hyemi , Cho Jung‐Hwan , Lee Da Young , Park Se Eun , Park Cheol‐Young , Lee Won‐Young , Oh Ki‐Won , Park Sung‐Woo , Rhee Eun‐Jung 
Published: July 2018

SummaryObjectiveThyroid hormones play crucial roles in the control of energy homoeostasis and can influence body composition. In contrast, the changes in body composition might influence thyroid hormone levels. We evaluated associations between thyroid hormone levels, body composition and insulin resistance in euthyroid subjects with normal thyroid ultrasound (US) findings.Design and PatientsThis retrospective cross‐sectional study included 36 655 euthyroid subjects who joined the medical health check‐up programme at our institution. Serum thyroid hormone levels were analysed in association with body fat percentage (BFP), skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). Linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate relationships between thyroid hormone levels and anthropometric parameters.ResultsMean age was 36.4 years, and 49% of subjects were female. In multiple linear regression analysis, serum‐free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels exhibited positive associations with waist circumference (WC) and HOMA‐IR and a negative association with body weight, body mass index (BMI) and SMI among both men and women. The association between serum‐free thyroxine (FT4) levels and anthropometric markers showed inconsistent results in men and women. Serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels showed a positive association with HOMA‐IR in both men and women.ConclusionsLower SMI was significantly associated with higher serum FT3 levels, the active form of thyroid hormone, in both men and women. Higher insulin resistance was positively associated with serum FT3 levels and inversely associated with serum TSH levels in euthyroid subjects with normal thyroid US findings.
Examining fostering readiness in treatment parents
Authors: Strickler Amy , Mihalo Jennifer R. , Celedonia Karen L. , Kaelin Michael S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPreservice trainings have the potential to improve treatment parent and youth outcomes, yet researchers have noted the lack of empirical research on the effectiveness of these trainings. Preservice outcomes are typically collected immediately after training completion, with little to no follow‐up assessments at other time points. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal changes treatment parents experience throughout preservice training and after a youth is placed in their home. Secondary data analyses were performed on an archival data set (N = 57) that included demographic information and training participant scores from two standardized measurements that examined their fostering readiness before and after preservice trainings as well as after a youth was placed in the home: Personal Dedication to Fostering Scale and Willingness to Foster Scale. Analyses revealed significant changes for treatment parents' personal dedication to fostering, but no significant changes for their willingness to foster. Treatment parents' fostering readiness scores were compared to a normed sample of foster parents and were found to be significantly higher for their personal dedication scores but not for their willingness to foster. The findings suggest certain treatment parent outcomes may change as a result of preservice training and experience with youth, but additional measurements and outcomes should be examined.
Weight gain after kidney donation: Association with increased risks of type 2 diabetes and hypertension
Authors: Issa Naim , Sánchez Otto A. , Kukla Aleksandra , Riad Samy M. , Berglund Danielle M. , Ibrahim Hassan N. , Matas Arthur J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the general population, obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension (HTN), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Therefore, most transplant centers have a body mass index (BMI) threshold for accepting living kidney donors. But there have been no studies of postdonation weight gain trends and any associated risks. We tracked serial BMIs in 940 donors for a median (IQ range) follow‐up of 22.3 (15.4‐35.8) years. We studied the impact of postdonation weight gain in a model adjusted for family history of HTN or DM. Donor characteristics included age, sex, smoking, fasting blood glucose, eGFR, systolic and diastolic BP, and BMI at time of donation and time postdonation. Postdonation weight gain was associated with a significant increase in the relative risk of developing HTN RR 1.93 (95% CI 1.51‐2.46) (P < 0.001) and/or DM RR 4.18 (95% CI 2.05‐8.5) (P < 0.0001), but not (to date) cardiovascular disease (CVD), reduced eGFR or death. Like the general population, donors gained weight as they aged; a higher BMI was associated with higher incidence of DM and HTN. Postdonation care should include ongoing counseling on the risks of substantial weight gain.
Meeting report: Consensus recommendations for a research agenda to address immunosuppressant nonadherence in organ transplantation
Authors: Maldonado Angela Q. , West‐Thielke Patricia , Dew Mary Amanda , Peipert John Devin , Heldenbrand Seth , Kaiser Tiffany E. , Chisholm‐Burns Marie , Potter Lisa M. ,   the AST Transplant Pharmacy Adherence Consortium (AST TPAC)
Published: July 2018

AbstractDespite advances in the field of transplantation, immunosuppressant medication nonadherence (NA) remains a primary contributor to suboptimal long‐term outcomes. Due to the multidimensional and multifactorial causes of medication NA, studies to date have focused on individual differing facets or single point barriers of NA with relative success. However, these successes have not proven to be sustainable, partly due to the intense resources needed for continued viability. This article provides a summary of a 2‐day meeting held in April 2017 (Chicago, IL) prior to the American Transplant Congress in which a multidisciplinary group convened to identify the unmet research needs related to medication NA in transplantation. Thought leaders in the field presented the past, present, and future directions of medication NA with the primary outcome of designing, developing, and ranking targeted interventions into a dynamic research agenda to identify which interventions maintained effects over time. Break‐out sessions were created based on the five World Health Organization (WHO) dimensions of adherence. Participants were then organized into the newly formed AST Transplant Pharmacy Adherence Consortium (AST TPAC) research group. This meeting report summarizes the content of the symposium, and the development, background, and future directions of the AST TPAC.
Assessment of Dermal Absorption of Aluminum from a Representative Antiperspirant Formulation Using a 26Al Microtracer Approach
Authors: de Ligt Rianne , van Duijn Esther , Grossouw Dimitri , Bosgra Sieto , Burggraaf Jacobus , Windhorst Albert , Peeters Pierre A.M. , van der Luijt Gerrit A. , Alexander‐White Camilla , Vaes Wouter H.J. 
Published: July 2018

A clinical pharmacokinetic study was performed in 12 healthy women to evaluate systemic exposure to aluminum following topical application of a representative antiperspirant formulation under real‐life use conditions. A simple roll‐on formulation containing an extremely rare isotope of aluminum (26Al) chlorohydrate (ACH) was prepared to commercial specifications. A 26Al radio‐microtracer was used to distinguish dosed aluminum from natural background, using accelerated mass spectroscopy. The 26Al citrate was administered intravenously (i.v.) to estimate fraction absorbed (Fabs) following topical delivery. In blood samples after i.v. administration, 26Al was readily detected (mean area under the curve (AUC) = 1,273 ± 466 hours×fg/mL). Conversely, all blood samples following topical application were below the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ; 0.12 fg/mL), except two samples (0.13 and 0.14 fg/mL); a maximal AUC was based on LLOQs. The aluminum was above the LLOQ (61 ag/mL) in 31% of urine samples. From the urinary excretion data, a conservative estimated range for dermal Fabs of 0.002–0.06% was calculated, with a mean estimate of 0.0094%.
Leptin concentration and oxidative stress in diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Li Juan , Shen Xingping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes is a common metabolic state during ageing, and one in five elderly individuals suffers from diabetes. However, few studies have been performed in elderly diabetic patients, and large randomized clinical trials in this population are rare. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in serum leptin levels in elderly patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) before and after treatment and assess its relationship with oxidative stress parameters.Materials and methodsSerum leptin levels, plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and plasma 8‐iso‐prostaglandin F2α (8‐iso‐PGF2α) levels were measured in elderly patients aged 81.76 ± 9.42 years with DKA before and after treatment.ResultsPlasma SOD activity, TAC and serum leptins before treatment were significantly lower in elderly patients with DKA compared with the control group (P < 0.05), whereas plasma MDA and 8‐iso‐PGF2α levels before treatment were significantly higher in elderly patients with DKA (P < 0.05). Plasma SOD activity, TAC and serum leptin levels in elderly patients with DKA were significantly elevated after treatment, whereas their plasma MDA and 8‐iso‐PGF2α levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Leptin levels negatively correlated with plasma 8‐iso‐PGF2α after treatment in elderly DKA patients (r = −0.36, P < 0.05). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that 8‐iso‐PGF2α was a significant factor affecting serum leptin levels.ConclusionsSerum leptin levels in the elderly patients with DKA were significantly reduced after treatment, which was associated with oxidative stress.
Dental trauma in social media—Analysis of Facebook content and public engagement
Authors: Abu‐Ghazaleh Suha , Hassona Yazan , Hattar Susan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground/AimSocial media sites such as Facebook are increasingly used to obtain healthcare‐related information. The aim of this study was to examine Facebook content on dental trauma and to assess public engagement with this content.Materials and MethodsAn anonymous account was created to search Facebook for information on dental trauma using the key words “dental trauma,” “broken tooth,” “tooth fracture,” and “tooth trauma” over a period of 1 year (from February 27, 2017, to February 27, 2018). The content was analyzed with regard to demographic characteristics, topic domains, and public engagement.ResultsA total of 395 Facebook pages and 149 groups were identified, but only one page and two groups met the inclusion criteria. There were 329 posts on dental trauma during the study period. More than half of the posts were event advertisements and personal highlights (56.2%), followed by posts mentioning articles in academia (17.9%). The average yearly engagement rate was 0.25%; news posts generated the highest engagement rate (0.76%), while academic posts generated the lowest engagement rate (0.16%). The singular post that generated the highest engagement rate (2.2%) was a news post referring to a dental trauma incident suffered by a professional football player. Only 14 posts (4.3%) contained information on prevention and immediate management of dental trauma.ConclusionsFacebook information on dental trauma is limited in quantity and quality. More emphasis should be placed on posting information suitable for the layperson and concerned with the basics of prevention and immediate management of dental trauma.
Dental caries and externalizing behaviour problems in a high‐risk child population
Authors: de Jong‐Lenters Maddelon , Duijster Denise , Schuller Annemarie , van Loveren Cor , Verrips Erik 
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study was to assess the association between externalizing behaviour problems and dental caries in children. A further objective was to explore direct and indirect pathways between sociodemographic factors, family functioning and parenting factors, oral health behaviours, externalizing behaviour problems, and dental caries using structural equation modelling. Cross‐sectional data were collected on 251, 5‐ to 8‐yr‐old children from a paediatric dental practice in the Netherlands. Children's decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth (dmft) scores were obtained from their dental records. Validated self‐report questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic, behavioural, and family‐related data. Externalizing problem behaviour was significantly associated with a higher dmft score [incidence risk ratio (IRR) = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.06–1.34], but this association did not remain significant after adjustment for sociodemographic factors (IRR = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.99–1.26). A valid path model was presented after applying some modifications. Findings from the model suggest that it is plausible that child behaviour problems are directly associated with dental caries via toothbrushing behaviour. The model also provided support that maternal education level, the restrictiveness and warmth of parenting, and the communication of the family, play an indirect role in the association between children's externalizing behavioural problems and dental caries experience.
Dose‐ and time‐dependent effects of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate on the proteome of human THP‐1 monocytes
Authors: Nilsen Bo W. , Simon‐Santamaria Jaione , Örtengren Ulf , Jensen Einar , Bruun Jack‐Ansgar , Michelsen Vibeke B. , Sørensen Karen K. 
Published: July 2018

Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is commonly used in polymer resin‐based dental materials. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of TEGDMA toxicity by identifying its time‐ and dose‐dependent effects on the proteome of human THP‐1 monocytes. The effects of different concentrations (0.07–5 mM) and exposure times (0–72 h) of TEGDMA on cell viability, proliferation, and morphology were determined using a real‐time viability assay, automated cell counting, and electron microscopy, and laid the fundament for choice of exposure scenarios in the proteomic experiments. Solvents were not used, as TEGDMA is soluble in cell culture medium (determined by photon correlation spectroscopy). Cells were metabolically labeled [using the stable isotope labeled amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) strategy], and exposed to 0, 0.3 or 2.5 mM TEGDMA for 6 or 16 h before liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) analyses. Regulated proteins were analyzed in the STRING database. Cells exposed to 0.3 mM TEGDMA showed increased viability and time‐dependent upregulation of proteins associated with stress/oxidative stress, autophagy, and cytoprotective functions. Cells exposed to 2.5 mM TEGDMA showed diminished viability and a protein expression profile associated with oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell cycle inhibition. Altered expression of immune genes was observed in both groups. The study provides novel knowledge about TEGDMA toxicity at the proteomic level. Of note, even low doses of TEGDMA induced a substantial cellular response.
Continental‐scale nitrogen pollution is shifting forest mycorrhizal associations and soil carbon stocks
Authors: Averill Colin , Dietze Michael C. , Bhatnagar Jennifer M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMost tree roots on Earth form a symbiosis with either ecto‐ or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Nitrogen fertilization is hypothesized to favor arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species at the expense of ectomycorrhizal species due to differences in fungal nitrogen acquisition strategies, and this may alter soil carbon balance, as differences in forest mycorrhizal associations are linked to differences in soil carbon pools. Combining nitrogen deposition data with continental‐scaleUSforest data, we show that nitrogen pollution is spatially associated with a decline in ectomycorrhizal vs. arbuscular mycorrhizal trees. Furthermore, nitrogen deposition has contrasting effects on arbuscular vs. ectomycorrhizal demographic processes, favoring arbuscular mycorrhizal trees at the expense of ectomycorrhizal trees, and is spatially correlated with reduced soil carbon stocks. This implies future changes in nitrogen deposition may alter the capacity of forests to sequester carbon and offset climate change via interactions with the forest microbiome.
Assessing environmental impacts and change in Myanmar's mangrove ecosystem service value due to deforestation (2000–2014)
Authors: Estoque Ronald C. , Myint Soe W. , Wang Chuyuan , Ishtiaque Asif , Aung Toe T. , Emerton Lucy , Ooba Makoto , Hijioka Yasuaki , Mon Myat S. , Wang Zhe , Fan Chao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMyanmar is one of the mangrove‐richest countries in the world, providing valuable ecosystem services to people. However, due to deforestation driven primarily by agricultural expansion, Myanmar's mangrove forest cover has declined dramatically over the past few decades, while what remains is still under pressure. To support management planning, accurate quantification of mangrove forest cover changes on a national scale is needed. In this study, we quantified Myanmar's mangrove forest cover changes between 2000 and 2014 using remotely sensed data, examined the environmental impacts of such changes, and estimated the changes in the economic values of mangrove ecosystem services in the country. Results indicate that Myanmar had a net mangrove loss of 191,122 ha over the study period. Since 2000, Myanmar has been losing mangrove forest cover at an alarming rate of 14,619 ha/year (2.2%/year). The loss was predominant in Rakhine and Ayeyarwady. The observed mangrove forest cover loss has resulted in decreased evapotranspiration, carbon stock, and tree cover percentage. Due to deforestation, Myanmar also suffered a net loss of 2,397 million US$/year in its mangrove ecosystem service value (i.e. 28.7% decrease from 2000), in which maintenance of fisheries nursery populations and habitat and coastal protection were among those services that were greatly affected. We suggest that intensive reforestation and mangrove protection programs be implemented immediately. Agroforestry and community forestry programs are encouraged in areas that are under immense pressure from paddy field expansion, fuelwood extraction, charcoal production, and fish and shrimp farming activities. Potential alternative sustainable solutions should include intensive government‐led private forest plantations or community‐owned forest plantations to be developed with care by local farmers, nongovernmental organizations, and business owners.
Dental status in the Polish senior population and its correlates—Results of the national survey PolSenior
Authors: Mehr Katarzyna , Olszanecka‐Glinianowicz Magdalena , Chudek Jerzy , Szybalska Aleksandra , Mossakowska Małgorzata , Zejda Jan , Wieczorowska‐Tobis Katarzyna , Grodzicki Tomasz , Piotrowski Paweł 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to assess dental status of Polish seniors having and wearing dentures in relation to demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors.BackgroundTooth loss is associated with deterioration of general health status. The epidemiological data on dental status in Poland, including Polish seniors, are fragmented.Materials and methodsThe study cohort consisted of 4524 randomly selected participants, aged 65 years and over, representative for Polish seniors. Demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle factors and dental status were collected using standardised questionnaires.ResultsThe prevalence of partial and complete edentulism in the Polish senior population was estimated at 45.7% and 47.1%, respectively. Fourteen point four per cent (14.4%) of complete edentulous participants and 31.1% with partial edentulism (1‐19 natural teeth) did not have dentures, and one‐twelfth of respondents having dentures were not wearing them. The independent correlates of complete edentulism were: female sex, advanced age, rural dwelling, lower education level, physical work in the past, smoking and diabetes. Male sex, age 90+, rural dwelling, type of work, dependence in activities of daily living and partial edentulism were independent correlates of not having dentures and denture disuse. Lower than average personal income was only significant for not having dentures.ConclusionsComplete edentulism is frequent among older Poles and affects almost 50% of them. It is associated with female sex, age, rural dwelling, poor economic status, smoking and diabetes. Rural dwelling and dependence of daily living are significant correlates of not having dentures and denture disuse.
Inflating profits and industry competitiveness
Authors: Beladi Hamid , Marjit Sugata , Oladi Reza 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe provide a theoretical model in which managers inflate actual profits to attract capital and shareholders cannot monitor such actions. We focus on the role of market competition in cross‐industry difference in financial performance overstatement. We show that the degree of competition negatively affects the extent of overstatement.