bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foramen Magnum Meningioma: Far Lateral Approach
Authors: Vasquez Ciro , Yang Alexander , Youssef A. Samy 
Published: October 2019

We present a case of a foramen magnum meningioma in a 42-year-old female who presented with headaches for 2 years, associated with decreased sensation and overall feeling of “heaviness” of the right arm. The tumor posed significant mass effect on the brainstem, and given the location of the tumor in the anterolateral region of the foramen magnum, a right far lateral approach was chosen. The approach incorporates the interfascial dissection technique to safely expose and preserve the vertebral artery in the suboccipital triangle. After drilling the posteromedial portion of the occipital condyle and opening the dura, the tumor can be entirely exposed with minimal retraction on the cerebellum. The working space offered by the far lateral approach allows careful dissection at the lateral craniocervical junction, and preservation of the V4 segment of the vertebral artery and the lower cranial nerves. Simpson's grade-2 resection was achieved with coagulation of the dural base around the vertebral artery. The postoperative course was unremarkable for any neurological deficits. At the 2-year follow-up, imaging identified no recurrence of tumor and the patient remains asymptomatic.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/IMN1O7vO5B0.
A Rare Case of Acquired Transthoracic Littre's Hernia
Authors: Curmi Arthur , Dimech Anthony P. , Dalli Rebecca , Mostafa Ayman , Debono Joseph 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Introduction The Littre hernia is a rare complication of Meckel's diverticulum. Meckel's diverticulum is vestigial remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct occurring in approximately 2% of the general population with an estimated 4 to 16% risk of complications. Usual sites of the Littre hernia include inguinal (50%), umbilical (20%), and femoral (20%). We report a case of an acquired transthoracic Littre's hernia occurring through the left part of the diaphragm triggered by a history of traumatic rib fractures associated with alcohol abuse.
Case Report A 71-year-old man presented with 4-day history of worsening shortness of breath, colicky lower abdominal pain, and inability to open bowels despite passing flatus, without nausea or vomiting. His past medical history was remarkable for multiple traumatic rib fractures caused by falls which were associated with excessive alcohol consumption. A noncontrast computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed distended jejunal loops containing air/fluid levels likely resulting from herniated jejunum between the left chest wall and left diaphragm. An urgent laparotomy was performed which revealed small bowel and omentum herniating through a small defect in the left posterior hemidiaphragm. The contents of the sac were reduced and a Meckel's diverticulum was found inside the sac, characteristic of Littre's hernia. The diaphragmatic defect was closed and the Meckel diverticulum stapled and excised.
Discussion Herniation of Meckel's diverticulum through the diaphragm most commonly occurs in the pediatric population. Acquired transthoracic Littre's hernia is rare and may arise following thoracobdominal trauma caused by surgery, motor vehicle accidents, and falls from height. Left-diaphragmatic tears are characteristically more clinically apparent and symptomatic than the right since the liver often has a protective effect on the right part of the diaphragm. Herniation of abdominal contents in the chest cavity causes respiratory distress and requires urgent surgical correction. Diagnosis is often delayed since diaphragmatic hernia tends to present very late after the initial trauma, subjecting the patient to possible life-threatening complications. While it is easier to reduce the herniated contents and repair the diaphragm via a thoracic approach, laparotomy is often preferred in cases of acute trauma associated with intra-abdominal injuries. Repair of Littre's hernia then consists of resection of the diverticulum and herniorraphy.
Conclusion Internal Littre's hernia is usually of congenital origin. This is the first case of a transthoracic Littre's hernia caused by traumatic rib fractures. Hence, it is of utter importance that a clinician is aware of such uncommon pathology.
Apical Leakage of Epiphany Root Canal Sealer Combined with Different Master Cones
Authors: Kocak Mustafa Murat , Er Ozgur , Saglam Baran Can , Yaman Sis 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to assess the apical sealing ability of different core materials used with Epiphany™ sealer and to evaluate the effect of Resilon/Epiphany™ system on creating an
apical mono-block seal.Methods: Fifty-five extracted human teeth were used. Forty-five were selected and randomly divided into three groups and ten teeth were used as positive and negative control groups. In Group 1, roots were obturated using Resilon™ and Epiphany™, In Group 2, roots were obturated using tapered single-cone gutta-percha and Epiphany™ and in Group 3, roots were obturated using Thermafil obturators and Epiphany™ sealer. The apical leakage was measured using the dye penetration methodology. The teeth were cleared, and the linear extent of dye penetration was measured with a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests.Results: The teeth filled with Thermafil obturators and Epiphany™ sealer displayed the most apical leakage. The least apical leakage was shown with Resilon™ and Epiphany™. Groups 1 and 2 had significantly leaked less than Group 3.Conclusions: Based on the data of this study, although Resilon™ and Epiphany™ sealer showed the least apical leakage, statistical analysis showed no difference between gutta-percha and Epiphany™. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:91-95)
Effect of Multiple Consecutive Adhesive Coatings on Microleakage of Class V Cavities
Authors: Arisu Hacer Deniz , Eliguzeloglu Evrim , Uctasli Mine Betul , Omurlu Huma , Turkoz Emin 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of multiple consecutive adhesive coatings of a one-step self-etch adhesive on microleakage of Class V cavities.Methods: Standardized box shaped Class V cavities were prepared onto the buccal side of forty five non-carious human premolar teeth. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups of fifteen teeth in each and restored as: Group I- one-step self-etch adhesive resin (Clearfil S3, Kuraray Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan) was applied according to the manufacturer�s instructions, Group II- two consecutive same one-step self-etch adhesive application was performed, and Group III- three consecutive same one-step self-etch adhesive application was performed. After the adhesive applications light curing unit was activated for 20 seconds and the cavities were restored with a composite resin. The restorations were finished with aluminum oxide discs and the specimens were stored in water at room temperature for 24 hours before they were immersed in 2% methylene blue for 48 hours. The dye penetration was examined under a stereomicroscope and the asymtotic significance were analysed with Kruskall Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests and dentin-enamel margins were compared with each other with Wilcoxon Signed Rank test.Results: The microleakage at the dentinal margins of Class V cavities were significantly decreased with two (Group II) and three (Group III) consecutive adhesive applications (P<.05). There was no significant difference between Group I, Group II and Group III at the enamel margins (P<.05). The microleakage at the dentinal margins were significantly higher than the enamel margins in Group I and Group II but in Group III there was no statistically significant difference (P<.05).Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it may be concluded that three consecutive applications of the one-step self-etch adhesive resin provided better sealing than the one coat of adhesive resin at the dentinal margins of Class V cavities. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:178-184)
Effects of Fluorosis and Bleaching on Shear Bond Strengths of Orthodontic Brackets
Authors: Adanir Necdet , Türkkahraman Hakan , Güngör Ahmet Yalçın 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: To evaluate the effects of fluorosis and bleaching on shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets.Methods: A total of 45 (30 fluorosed and 15 non-fluorosed) non-carious freshly extracted human permanent premolar teeth which were extracted for orthodontic reasons and without any caries or visible defects were used in this study. Fluorosed teeth were selected according to the modified Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TFI), which is based on the clinical changes in fluorosed teeth. First group consisted of 15 fluorosed teeth. Second group of fluorosed teeth were bleached with a 35% hydrogen peroxide office bleaching agent. Third group served as control. No bleaching procedure was applied. Orthodontic brackets were bonded with a light cure composite resin and cured with a halogen light. After bonding, shear bond strengths of the brackets were tested with Universal testing machine.Results: The results showed that fluorosis only and bleaching of fluorosed teeth significantly
reduced the bond strengths of the orthodontic brackets (P>.001). Although bleaching of fluorosed
teeth decreased the values more, no statistically significant difference was found between fluorosis
group and fluorosis+bleaching group (P<.05).Conclusions: Fluorosis and bleaching of fluorosed teeth reduce bracket bond strength to enamel, but the bond strength with these still exceed the minimum 6 to 8 MPa required to expect adequate clinical performance. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:230-235)
Reasons for use and non-use of dental services among people visiting a dental college hospital in India: A descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Devaraj CG , Eswar Pranati 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjective: To find out the reasons for use and non-use of dental services among people visiting a dental college hospital in India.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 180 people, aged 15-65 years visiting the outpatient department of a dental college hospital in India. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data about the history of dental visits and reasons for use and non-use of dental services.Results:For a majority of the people (38.5%), time since the last dental visit was more than 2 years, and the main reason for visiting a dentist was dental pain (35.3%). Majority of the people had undergone extraction of teeth in their previous dental visit (44.3%). The major reason cited for not visiting a dentist was the presence of dental problem that was not severe enough to go to a dentist (43.1%).Conclusion: Majorityof the people were “problem-oriented visitors” rather than “prevention oriented visitors.” (Eur J Dent 2012;6:422-427)
Influence of air abrasion tips and operation modes on enamel-cutting characteristics
Authors: Peruchi Cláudia , Santos-Pinto Ary , Dias Tereza Cristina , Oliveira Ana Carolina Mascarenhas , Santos-Pinto Lourdes 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the influence of air abrasion tips and system operation modes on enamel cutting.Methods: Forty bovine teeth were abraded with the air abrasion system Mach 4.1 for 10 and 15 seconds, employing conventional and sonic tips of 0.45-mm inner diameter and a 90° angle, and 27.5-μm aluminum oxide at 5.51 bar air pressure in continuous and pulsed modes. The width and depth of the resulting cuts were measured in SEM.Results: The multivariate analysis of variances revealed that, compared to the sonic tip, the conventional tip produced shallower cuts independent of the operation mode and the application period.Conclusions: The cutting patterns observed in this study suggest that the pulsed mode produced deeper cuts when both the conventional and sonic tips were used, and that the sonic tip cut more dental tissue than the conventional one. (Eur J Dent 2013;7:1-5)
Cephalometric comparison of obstructive sleep apnea patients and healthy controls
Authors: Gungor Ahmet Yalcin , Turkkahraman Hakan , Yilmaz H. Huseyin , Yariktas Murat 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjective: This parallel controlled clinical trial evaluated the effect of a gel containing Lippia sidoides essential oil on plaque and gingivitis control.Methods: Thirty patients (n=30) were randomly selected and allocated into three groups: Lippia sidoides (LS, n=10), chlorhexidine (CLX, n=10) or placebo (control, n=10). Plaque and bleeding index were recorded at baseline and after three months. All volunteers were instructed to brush with the gel three times a day throughout the experiment period.Results: There was a significant reduction on plaque and gingivitis in the test groups (P<.05), but no statistically significant difference was observed between them (P<.05).Conclusion: A gel preparation containing 10% Lippia sidoides essential oil was an efficient herbal antiplaque and antigingivitis agent. (Eur J Dent 2013;7:28-34)
The effect of tooth bleaching on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets using self-etching primer systems
Authors: Akin Mehmet , Aksakalli Sertac , Basciftci Faruk Ayhan , Demir Abdullah 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 10% carbamide peroxide and 38% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets using self-etching primer systems.Methods: Forty five freshly extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 teeth each: control (group 1), 10% carbamide peroxide at-home bleached (group 2), and 38% hydrogen peroxide in-office bleached (group 3). Three weeks later, all brackets were bonded using a self-etching primer system. The shear bond strength of these brackets was measured and recorded in MPa. Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were determined after the brackets failed. Data were analyzed using Kruskal- Wallis test, pairwise comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney U test and ARI scores were analyzed using a chi-square test at a significance level of P<.05.Results: The shear bond strengths of group 1 (mean: 17.7 ± 9.7 MPa) were significantly higher (P<.05) than those of group 3 (mean: 9.9 ± 5.4 MPa). No significant differences were found between group 2 (mean: 12.3 ± 4.7) and either group 1 or group 3 (P>.05). ARI scores did not differ significantly among the 3 groups.Conclusions: The use of 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching does not significantly reduce shear bond strength values. In contrast, use of 38% hydrogen peroxide bleaching significantly reduces these values. (Eur J Dent 2013;7:55-60)
Non-syndrome patient with bilateral supernumerary teeth: Case report and 9-year follow-up
Authors: Akgun Ozlem Marti , Sabuncuoglu Fidan , Altug Ayberk , Altun Ceyhan 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe presence of supernumerary teeth, also known as hyperdontia, is the condition of having teeth in addition to the regular number of teeth. The occurrence of multiple supernumerary teeth is often found in association with syndromes such as Gardner syndrome, Anderson-Fabry disease, Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, incontinentia pigmenti, and Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome. Only a few examples of nonsyndromic multiple supernumerary teeth have been reported in literature. In this report, we present the unusual case and 9-year follow up of a non-syndrome female patient with bilateral supernumerary teeth that occurred with an interval of several years. (Eur J Dent 2013;7:123-126)
Estimating the scale of the US green economy within the global context
Authors: Georgeson Lucien , Maslin Mark 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe green economy has previously been defined and measured in various, but limited, ways. This article presents an estimation of the scale of and employment in the US Green Economy using a data triangulation approach that uses many sources of data and multiple types of data. This can give a suggestion of the green economy’s role in economic development and employment at the country level. It also makes it possible to compare the scale of ‘green jobs’ to employment in fossil fuel-related sectors, and to compare the US green economy to other economies. Through the Low Carbon and Environmental Goods and Services Sector (LCEGSS) dataset, the US green economy is estimated to represent $1.3 trillion in annual sales revenue and to employ nearly 9.5 million workers; both of which have grown by over 20% between 2012/13 and 2015/16. Comparison with China, OECD members and the G20 countries suggests that the US is estimated to have a greater proportion of the working age population employed (4%) and higher sales revenue per capita in the green economy. Estimated values for other countries suggests that they too have significant production and consumption in the green economy and the US should consider, as other economies are, developing energy, environmental and educational policies relevant to the green economy to remain competitive in these areas. Given the shortcomings of other data sources, this information can contribute to understanding the potential impact of changes to federal-level policies on economic sectors that are vital to combating climate change and protecting the environment.
Guns on social media: complex interpretations of gun images posted by Chicago youth
Authors: Patton Desmond U. , Frey William R. , Gaskell Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHow should we interpret gun images on social media? Take for example the shooting at Stoneman Douglas High School. Media articles revealed that the gunman, a white adolescent male, posted images of firearms and other weapons on his social media profile prior to the shooting. On the other hand, when it comes to Black communities, digital policing strategies often intercept images with guns and individuals thought to be associated with gangs before a crime is ever committed. In this study, we use a mixed methods approach, situated in social systems theory, to make meaning of gun posting behavior among Black youth who associate with gangs in Chicago. We collected and examined a corpus of Twitter images (1851) through snowball sampling of a well-known deceased gang member in Chicago and users in their Twitter network. We identified 560 images that contain guns and asked two distinct groups to annotate images: formerly gang-involved outreach workers, known as community domain experts, at a local Chicago violence prevention organization and Master of Social Work students at Columbia University. After comparing their results, findings highlighted the prevalence and frequency of gun image posting within this corpus and critical differences in how community domain experts and social work annotators perceive guns. The various underlying intents provide a rich source of knowledge for understanding the symbolic nature of guns in the digital age.
11,500 y of human–clam relationships provide long-term context for intertidal management in the Salish Sea, British Columbia
Authors: Toniello Ginevra , Lepofsky Dana , Lertzman-Lepofsky Gavia , Salomon Anne K. , Rowell Kirsten 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Climate change, habitat loss, and overharvesting are threatening coastal ecosystems worldwide. A less widely recognized threat is the decline in Indigenous mariculture practices. These practices, such as building of clam gardens, structured coastal ecosystems for millennia. Teasing out the dynamic and intertwined relationships between humans and culturally valued species, such as clams, requires long-term paleoecological and archaeological records. These records are requisite for creating meaningful management targets and for applying traditional mariculture practices, such as the tending of clam gardens, to increase the productivity and sustainability of our foods today. Documenting these interactions between humans and coastal ecosystems, such as we have done here, also counteracts the erasure of the long-term connections of Indigenous peoples to their lands and seas.
Efficient team structures in an open-ended cooperative creativity experiment
Authors: Monechi Bernardo , Pullano Giulia , Loreto Vittorio 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Understanding how to best form teams to perform creative tasks is a fascinating although elusive problem. Here we propose an experimental setting for studying the performances of a population of individuals committed to an open-ended cooperative creativity task, namely the construction of LEGO artworks. The real-time parallel monitoring of the growth of the artworks and the structure and composition of the dynamically working teams allow identifying the key ingredients of successful teams. Large teams composed of committed and influential people are more effectively building. Also, there exists an optimal fraction of weak ties in the working teams, i.e., an optimal ratio exploit/explore that maximizes the building efficiency.
Socioeconomic and cultural impacts of oil palm plantation development in Indonesia
Authors: Sunarminto Tutut , Mijiarto Joko , Prabowo Eka Dana 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Oil palm industries in Indonesia continue to grow and gave impacts for communities around the plantations. For this cause, it is significant to identify the socioeconomic and cultural impacts on the residential districts around the oil palm plantations and the community’s perceptions of the existence of oil palm plantations. The purpose of the study was to assess the social, economic and cultural impacts of oil palm plantations on the local community and their perceptions of oil palm plantations existence. The research was carried out in several oil palm plantations in Central Kalimantan, West Kalimantan, Lampung, South Sumatra, Riau and Merauke during the 2015-2017 period. Data collection was gathered through literature studies, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), Likert Scale questionnaires and observations. Data analysis were carried out using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results showed that the existence of oil palm plantations influenced the lives of the surrounding communities. On the socioeconomic aspect, the existence of oil palm plantations had opened up employment opportunities, opened and increased business opportunities, and increased community incomes. On the socio-cultural aspect, the existence of oil palm plantations has helped in building educational, religious, health and other infrastructure facilities. Nevertheless, it could not be denied that positive impacts have also led to various social changes within the society, including changes in the people’s lifestyles and reduced community social encounterment.