bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green synthesis, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo biological screening of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) generated with hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of Euphorbia milii
Authors: Rauf Abdur , Ahmad Zubair , Zhang Haiyuan , Muhammad Naveed , Akram Zuneera , Ud Din Inam 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this work, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were synthesized using green methods. The structural morphological and optical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Based on the SEM analysis, spherical NPs with a size distribution in the range of 50–70 nm were simulated with slight variations in shapes, and the corresponding XRD was calculated. The calculated XRD patterns were then averaged. Well-defined crystalline structure of a single-phase spinel structure and a spherical shape of IONPs were observed. The in vitro and in vivo biological activities of IONPs synthesized with the hydroalcoholic extract of Euphorbia milii’s aerial parts were studied. The antibacterial effects were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, and the enzyme inhibitory effects of the IONPs and E. milii extract on various enzymes were assessed. The IONPs demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against urease (89.09% inhibition), α-glucosidase (72.87% inhibition), carbonic anhydrase II (87.09% inhibition), and xanthine oxidase (85.09% inhibition). The E. milii extract also exhibited considerable inhibition of these enzymes. The IC50 values for urease, α-glucosidase, carbonic anhydrase II, and xanthine oxidase inhibition by IONPs were 26.09, 59.09, 0.18, and 7.71 µg·mL−1, respectively. The anticancer activity of the IONPs and crude extract was also evaluated. The minimum IC50 values were recorded against MDR 2780AD, i.e., 0.85 (extract) and 0.54 (IONPs). Both of the tested samples were found to be significant (p < 0.001) analgesic and anti-inflammatory. In contrast, the IONPs were found sedative at all tested doses, and the extract showed a significant (p < 0.01) sedative effect at higher doses only.
A Decade of Enforcement: Traditional Theories of Harm and the Challenges Posed by Digital Mergers
Authors: Jochem Annabelle , Pruzhansky Vitaly 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Many commentators have expressed concerns about the current state of merger enforcement in the digital sector. Some point to the fact that numerous acquisitions by large digital firms have not undergone sufficient scrutiny, while others propose fundamentally new theories of harm relating to data, privacy or so-called ecosystem effects. The debate remains active, with recent cases like Amazon/iRobot and Booking/eTraveli adding fuel to the fire.
In this article, we examine merger decisions related to the digital sector published by Europe’s leading authorities over the last decade. Through our review of 55 cases, involving acquisitions by GAFAM and other firms, we find that these authorities have not rushed to expand their analytical toolkit, generally relying on traditional tools and well-established theories of harm. However, we also observe that these tools have been applied more broadly or in novel ways, especially in recent years.
Efficacy of bioresorbable mesh sheets made of 85:15 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) in the
anterior maxilla for alveolar bone augmentation
Authors: Takahara Namiaki , Shibata Mari , Iwasaki Takuya , Marukawa Eriko , Yoda Tetsuya 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the efficacy of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) mesh sheets for alveolar bone reconstruction in the anterior maxilla with significant bone defects. This prospective case series included four male patients (mean age, 34.5 years; range, 20–49 years) with anterior maxillary bone defects. Bone augmentation was performed using a staged guided bone regeneration technique with PLGA mesh sheets as barrier membranes and a 1:1 mixture of autogenous and xenogeneic bone as grafting material. The effectiveness of bone augmentation was evaluated using preoperative and postoperative computed tomography data at 1-month and 6-month. Secondary outcomes included complications such as wound infection and dehiscence. The treatment of the four patients required seven PLGA mesh sheets and particulate bone, followed by nine implant placements. Wound healing was uneventful except for one, wherein wound dehiscence and graft loss were observed. One patient had an exposed PLGA mesh sheet during healing, necessitating its removal. The mean vertical bone gain was 2.3±0.5 mm, and the mean horizontal gain was 3.7±1.3 mm at 1 month postoperatively. Sites without wound dehiscence exhibited a bone decrease rate of 6.5%–21.1%, while successful bone height and width increases were observed across treated sites. Bone augmentation using PLGA mesh sheets proved effective in reconstructing horizontal and vertical alveolar bone dimensions. This technique provides adequate support for implant placement, demonstrating its potential utility in cases of substantial alveolar bone deficiency.
Factors associated with the use of psychotropic drugs by students at a Brazilian public university
Authors: Fares Gianjacomo Telma Regina , Molino Guidoni Camilo , Rodrigues Renne , De Andrade Selma Maffei , Vertuan Rufino Jéssica , Girotto Edmarlon 
Published: December 2024

Objetivo. Analizar el consumo de medicamentos psicotrópicos y sus factores asociados en estudiantes universitarios, estratificado segun sexo. Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal con estudiantes de pregrado de una universidad pública de Brasil. El instrumento fue un cuestionario autoadministrado en línea. La variable de resultado fue el uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos, con base en el sistema de clasificación Anatómico Terapéutico Químico (ATC) y las variables de exposición fueron socidemográficas, académicas y relacionadas con la salud. La asociación entre las variables de exposición y el resultado se verificaron mediante el cálculo de razones de prevalencia y sus intervalos de confianza al 95%. Resultados. El 12,2% (n=396) de los 3238 participantes refirieron consumir psicofármacos, la mayoría fueron mujeres (78,3%). La prevalencia de consumo de psicotrópicos fue mayor entre los estudiantes con acceso a seguro de salud, diagnóstico de depresión y diagnóstico de ansiedad. También fue mayor en el grupo de mujeres que informaron consumir drogas ilícitas en los últimos tres meses y en el grupo de hombres que informaron estar insatisfechos o muy insatisfechos con su rendimiento académico. Se detectó una menor frecuencia de uso de psicofármacos entre las mujeres que consumen alcohol semanalmente. Conclusiones. Los resultados indican una mayor frecuencia de consumo de medicamentos psicotrópicos en las mujeres, así como en los estudiantes con accesoal seguro de salud, diagnóstico de depresión y diagnóstico de ansiedad, independientemente del sexo.
Effect of Phosphorus Levels and Biofertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Summer Black Gram (Phaseolus mungo L.)
Authors: Choudhary Charan Singh , Nongmaithem D. , Singh A.P. , Choudhary Sunita , Solo Virosanuo , Karak Tanmoy 
Published: December 2024

Background: India is the world’s leading producer and consumer of pulses, contributing a quarter to global production. Pulses are crucial in the Indian diet, providing 14% of total protein intake, especially for vegetarians. However, production falls short of demand due to inadequate nutrient management, particularly phosphorus, and biofertilizers. Black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.), a key kharif pulse crop, has significant potential but suffers from low productivity. Proper fertilization, especially phosphorus, and biofertilizers, is essential to bridge this productivity gap. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during the summer season of 2022 at the experimental farm of the School of Agricultural Sciences (SAS), Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus, to evaluate the effect of phosphorus levels and biofertilizers on the growth and yield of summer black gram. The experiment was conducted by adopting a Factorial Randomized block design with four phosphorus levels , viz. P0- Control, P1- 15 kg ha-1, P2- 30 kg ha-1, and P3- 45 kg ha-1 and four treatments of biofertilizers , viz. B0- Control, B1- Rhizobium (20 g kg-1 seed), B2- Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (20 g kg-1 seed) and B3- Rhizobium (20 g kg-1 seed) + Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (20 g kg-1 seed), and the treatments were replicated thrice. Black gram variety “Pusa-1” was sown at a spacing of 30 cm × 10 cm, and it was uniformly fertilized by 20 kg N ha-1 through urea. However, phosphorus and biofertilizers were applied as per the treatment requirements. Result: The experimental results revealed that among the levels of phosphorus, application of 45 kg ha-1 phosphorus recorded significantly the highest plant height, number of primary branches, leaf area index, plant dry weight, and seed yield (724.17 kg ha- 1). Among the biofertilizer treatments, Rhizobium (20 g kg-1 seed) + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (20 g kg-1 seed) resulted at highest growth attributes and yield of black gram. Thus, for summer black gram cultivation, application of 45 kg ha-1 phosphorus and treatment of Rhizobium (20 g kg-1 seed) + Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (20 g kg-1 seed) treatment was identified as the most promising method for boosting black gram yield.
Students With and Without Disabilities Using Social Media: Relationship Benefits and Implications for Education
Authors: Greenhow Christine , Akhmedova Aisel , Sutcliffe Jennifer , Fisher Marisa , Sung Connie 
Published: December 2024

A pandemic in 2020 resulted in economic and social disruption of unprecedented scale. Social distancing — or physical distancing while in public spaces — was required, and social media usage spiked globally as people turned to these online spaces for information and connection. Today’s postsecondary students, in particular, are frequently immersed in social media; it can offer them social supports, such as a greater sense of belonging during times of transition and crisis, but also inherent risks, including cyberbullying and online harassment. Although many studies have examined the social connections or supports for learning that college students without disabilities experience by using social media, few studies have explored these phenomena among college students with disabilities, including neurodevelopmental disabilities such as anxiety disorders (e.g., social anxiety, autism, attention deficit disorder) that make socialization difficult for these young adults. It is important that educational research advances understanding of the socialization experiences of these students with disabilities because students’ sense of belonging and peer support is critical to their engagement and success in K-12 and postsecondary schooling.
STRATIGRAPHIC DRILLING IN THE NORTHEASTERN LAPTEV SEA: MAIN RESULTS AND FURTHER DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Malyshev N.A. , Verzhbitskii V.E. , Danilkin S.M. , Kolyubakin A.A. , Ershova V.B. , Borodulin A.A. , Obmetko V.V. , Komissarov D.K. , Boldyrev M.L. , Vasil’eva I.S. , Rogov M.A. , Popova A.B. , Makhova O.S. , Stavitskaya V.N. , Timoshenko T.A. , Alymov A.N. , Shein V.A. , Ugryumov A.S. , Vasilev V.E. , Gatovskii Yu.A. , Lakeev V.G. , Lukashev R.V. , Aleksandrova G.N. , Lidskaya A.V. , Simakova A.N. , Lopatina D.A. , Bordunov S.I. , Suslova A.A. , Stupakova A.V. , Nikishin A.M. 
Published: December 2024

The Russian sector of the Eastern Arctic is characterized by large basins with thick sedimentary filling, primarily on the shelf and continental slope of the seas of the Arctic Ocean. A number of geological, geophysical, and geochemical features point to a hydrocarbon potential. At the same time, the age and composition of the sedimentary infill of the shelf basins have been controversial until now due to the lack of wells drilled in the shelf area. Six stratigraphic wells were drilled with core sampling in the eastern Laptev Sea (Anisin–Novosibirsk block owned by Rosneft) with a depth of 100 to 199.5 m during the Rosneft Stratigraphic Drilling in Arctic (RoSDAr) project in 2021. The results of complex biostratigraphic studies of the core show that the oldest strata in the well sections are Upper Barremian – Lower Aptian deformed silty mudstones (folded basement assemblage) overlain with angular unconformity by sands, silts, and clays of the Paleocene. The wells also penetrate the Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene-Quaternary clastic rocks. A comprehensive analysis of stratigraphic drilling and seismic data refines the geological models of the region and provides better understanding of its hydrocarbon potential. The data show that Cenozoic strata play a more significant role in the sedimentary cover of the Laptev Sea than was previously assumed.
14C, XRD, SEM / EDS analyses of two vessels from the Bronze Age hearth complex in central Russia: Causes of the freshwater reservoir effect, determination components of ceramic and its firing conditions
Authors: Voronin Konstantin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Two vessels of the Textile Ceramics culture were discovered in the Bronze Age hearth complex of the prehistoric settlement Pesochnoye 1, located on the shore of Lake Nero in central Russia. These vessels along with the sample of modern day sapropel from the lake were subsequently dated using the 14C method and studied by XRD and SEM/EDS analyses. Due to the freshwater reservoir effect at a confidence level of 2 sigma the 14C age of sediments from the inner surfaces of the vessels appeared ~ 400 - ~1000 14C years older than their actual archaeological age. The 14C age of vessels using ceramic pastes was older by ~ 500 - ~1200 14C years older than their true archaeological age. The 14C age of the modern day sapropel sample turned out to be ~ 1000 - ~1200 14C years older than the actual one. Phase determination (XRD) and the determination of elemental composition (SEM/EDS) of the ceramic pastes of the studied vessels and the sapropel sample showed their same phase composition and similar elemental composition. In the ceramic pastes of the vessels and the sapropel sample the mineral phase of calcite was identified. As it is known, ancient calcium carbonates are one of the common causes of the freshwater reservoir effect in radiocarbon dating of objects formed or created with the participation of substances or materials from the aquatic environment. Sapropels from Lake Nero are characterised by the presence of calcite in them. Therefore, the fact that calcite contains in the ceramic pastes of the studied vessels among other things, indicates the use of sapropel from this lake as one of the components in their manufacture. The mineral phases of illite, α-quartz and feldspars (anorthite, orthoclase), as well as particles of bone powder, the result of man-made admixture, were also recorded in the ceramic pastes of the studied vessels. The presence of the α-quartz mineral phase, which has the lowest phase transition temperature among the identified minerals, indicates that the firing of the vessels under study was carried out at temperatures with the upper level of values not exceeding ~ 573 ℃.
Nitrogen Niche Differentiation And Overyielding Along A Legume Proportion Gradient In A Subtropical Grass-Legume Mixture
Authors: Caram Nicolas , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Marcelo Wallau O. , Dubeux Jose C. B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Grasses and legumes co-exist in grasslands partially because of nitrogen (N) niche partitioning and facilitation. Grasses stimulate legume biological N fixation (BNF) by depleting soil N, simultaneously benefiting from the N that legumes fix. While these responses and mechanisms are maximized at ~ 40% legume proportion in temperate grass-legume mixtures, they have remained little studied in warm climates. Here, we explored N niche differentiation and overyielding along a legume proportion gradient in a subtropical grass-legume pasture.
Methods
Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge; C4 grass) and rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.; C3 legume) were studied in pastures encompassing a legume gradient of zero (grass monoculture) to 60% (grass-legume mixture). Twenty-four sites were clipped at 4-week intervals during four periods per year over two years (n = 192). Samples were analyzed for total and atmospheric N concentration using the natural abundance technique (\(\:{{\delta\:}}^{15}\)N). The proportion of soil-derived N was estimated by the difference between total and atmospheric N concentration in shoot biomass.
Results
Nitrogen niche differentiation and overyielding were maximized between 33–41% legume. Within this optimum range, the atmospheric and soil-derived N content in shoot biomass overyielded the grass monoculture by 84–148% and 75–79%, respectively, during both years. Within this range, the BNF averaged 10.0-13.8 g N m− 2 during both years, overyielding sites with maximum legume proportion by 27–50%. At 35% legume, the soil-derived N yield was 225–285% and 73–134% greater than for grass monoculture and legume-dominated sites.
Conclusion
Moderate legume proportions (30–40%) maximize N niche differentiation and overyielding compared with subtropical grass monocultures and legume-dominated grasslands.
Percieved Quality of Nursing Care and Associated Factors Among Nurse Working at Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024
Authors: Ahmed Sindew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Poor quality nursing care services are not merely harmful but also lead to waste of the economy of the country which will help improve the lives of citizens which leads to, disorganization of the service, conflicting roles, medication error, poor disease prognosis, readmission, dissatisfaction with the care provided, and increased mortality.
OBJECTIVE: To assess perceived quality of nursing care and associated factors among nurse working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024
METHODS: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted in four selected hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 563 nurses were included in this study. Study participants were selected using simple random sampling. Self-administered questionnaire was used. Pre-test questionnaire was done at another site and data were checked for completeness, clean and enter into Epi-Data version 3.1and export into SPSS version 27 for analysis. The descriptive part was presented using narration, in tables and figures. A Bivariable logistic regression was used to identify potential candidate variables. To control potential confounding variables, principal component analysis was done; the regression result was presented using AOR with 95% CI and p value less than 0.05 as level of significance.
RESULT: The overall perceived quality of nursing care among nurses working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa was 46.5%, 95%CI :( 42.4%-50.4%). The finding identified that age group 30-39 years and 40-49 years AOR=6.31, 95%CI: (3.75,10.62) and AOR=8.66,95%CI: (4.88,15.37) respectively, having >=5 years AOR= 2.17, 95%CI:(1.43, 3.29) and working department( nurse working in surgical and obstetrics and gynecology department) AOR=.49,95%CI:(0.29,0.82) and AOR=.29,95%CI:(0.17,0.51) respectively were factors significantly associated with perceived quality of nursing care.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: The finding of this study indicates more than half of nurses perceived as quality nursing care was poor. Age, year of experience and working department were factors associated with quality of nursing care. Hospital managers and other concerned bodies are recommended to take intervention on those identified factors in these studies.
Impact of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on the Evolution of Fibrotic NASH: One-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Matavelli Christian Bornia , Echeverria Luisa Souza , Pereira Luca Maunsell , Chrispim Isadora , Mounzer Daniel Leandro Saran , Chaim Felipe David Mendonça , Chaim Elinton Adami , Utrini Murillo Pimentel , Gestic Martinho Antonio , Callejas-Neto Francisco , Cazzo Everton 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with fibrosis in NASH serving as a critical prognostic marker.
Objective: This study investigates the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on fibrotic NASH, assessed using the Fibrotic NASH Index (FNI).
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 104 individuals (91.3% female, mean age 39.4 ± 8.6 years) who underwent RYGB. Histopathological evaluations during surgery identified fibrotic NASH, and FNI scores were calculated at baseline and one year post-surgery.
Results: At the time of surgery, participants had a mean BMI of 35.3 ± 2.8 kg/m², which decreased to 27.1 ± 4.0 kg/m² one year after surgery. The mean % total weight loss (%TWL) was 23.8 ± 10.1%, and the mean % excess weight loss (%EWL) was 82.4 ± 37.3%. Fibrotic NASH was present in 17.3% of participants pre-operatively. The mean FNI score decreased significantly from 0.16 to 0.07 (p<0.0001) after surgery. Factors associated with improvement in the FNI included female gender (p=0.0009), higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (p=0.02), presence of lobular inflammation (p=0.03), and pre-operative histological evidence of fibrotic NASH (p=0.04). The FNI demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity: 61.1%, specificity: 96.4%, overall accuracy: 90.2%).
Conclusion: RYGB effectively promotes the resolution of fibrotic NASH, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic intervention to mitigate progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The FNI is a reliable, non-invasive tool for assessing fibrotic NASH, warranting further research on its long-term impact on liver health.
Influence of cadmium chloride acute exposure on Alzheimer’s disease in rats: cytotoxicity and genotoxicity aspects
Authors: Essa Marwa Ashraf , Aboul-Ela Ezzat Ibrahim , Ibrahim Muhammad A. , Ibrahim Iman Hassan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Exposure to heavy metals poses grave environmental threats, with cadmium (Cd) being a particular concern. This study aimed to investigate the cytogenotoxicity effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) rat model. Forty rats were divided into four groups: normal control, Cd-only, AD control, and AD + Cd. The AD groups received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections to induce the disease, while the Cd-only and AD + Cd groups received a single CdCl2 injection (3.5 mg/kg body weight). Behavioural, biochemical, and genetic analyses were conducted, along with histopathological examination of the hippocampus and cytogenetic assays on bone marrow cells. The results revealed that Cd exposure significantly impaired locomotor activity, increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene expression, and elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) levels in the AD + Cd group compared to the other groups. Histopathological analysis showed substantial hippocampal damage in the AD + Cd group. Furthermore, Cd significantly increased the frequency of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations in the AD + Cd group, indicating heightened cytogenotoxicity. In conclusion, acute Cd exposure in an AD context can have detrimental effects at multiple levels, including behavioural, biochemical, histological, and genetic. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the interactions between environmental toxicants and neurodegenerative diseases to develop effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.