bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cucurbitacin I induces pro‐death autophagy in A549 cells via the ERK‐mTOR‐STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Ni Yinyun , Wu Sisi , Wang Xiangxiu , Zhu Guonian , Chen Xuemei , Ding Yu , Jiang Wei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNatural products are a great source of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. In the present study, the anticancer effects of cucurbitacin I on A549 cells were investigated. Cucurbitacin I decreased cell viability, inhibited colony formation, and induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Cucurbitacin I caused accumulation of autophagosome and dose‐dependent expression of LC3II protein. Autophagy inhibitors 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) inhibited autophagy induced by cucurbitacin I and relieved cucurbitacin I‐triggered cell death and apoptosis in A549 Cells. Cucurbitacin I treatment inhibits the ERK activation and the downstream phosphorylation level of mTOR and STAT3, but not the PI3K/Akt pathway. Furthermore, treatment with the mTOR activator MHY‐1485, which also suppressed cucurbitacin I‐induced LC3II expression, and also reversed cucurbitacin I‐induced cell death and apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that cucurbitacin I induced pro‐death autophagy through ERK/mTOR/STAT3 signaling cascade in A549 cells.
Variation in proteomics and metabolomics of chicken hepatocytes exposed to medium with or without folic acid
Authors: Liu Yanli , Wu Shengru , Sun Wenqiang , Chen Si , Yang Xin , Yang Xiaojun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHepatocytes are suitable models for metabolism study. Combined proteomics and metabolomics approaches should provide a comprehensive understanding for the effect of folic acid on hepatic metabolism in vitro. Primary chicken liver cells were exposed to medium with or without folic acid. The combined analyses uncovered 61 differential proteins and 43 differential metabolites between groups with or without folic acid in culture medium. Further pathway annotations revealed that RNA transport, protein processing, TCA cycle, glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, and so on were significantly enriched. Meanwhile, lipid metabolism was enhanced in no folic acid group along with higher adipose triglyceride lipase, and 2‐hydroxybutyric acid level. Concomitantly, amino acid, and carbohydrates metabolism were disturbed. Some amino acids level were changed as well as sugar‐acids and sugar‐alcohols. In addition, antioxidant function was altered resulting from perturbation of glutathione metabolism, glutamate, and cysteine metabolism. In conclusion, our results indicated that folic acid might affect antioxidant function and metabolism of lipid, amino acid, and carbohydrates in primary chicken hepatocytes via integrating proteomics, and metabolomics analyses method. These results may provide an insight into the effect of folic acid on hepatic metabolism in future research direction.
Aqueous leaves extract of Madhuca longifolia attenuate diclofenac‐induced hepatotoxicity: Impact on oxidative stress, inflammation, and cytokines
Authors: Simon Jerine Peter , Evan Prince Sabina 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDiclofenac is a Non‐Steroidal Anti‐inflammatory drug which is used as an analgesic. It is known to cause heptotoxicity on over dose and long term usage. Madhuca longifolia is an evergreen tree found widely in India that is known to have several ethnomedical uses. The aim of our study is to evaluate the beneficial effect of the aqueous leaf extract of M. longifolia against diclofenac‐induced toxicity. Rats were dived into five groups of six rats each. Group‐I was normal control. Group‐II was administered with diclofenac (50 mg/kg. b.w./day, i.p) on 4th and 5th day. Group‐III rats were treated with aqueous leaf extract of M. longifolia (500 mg/kg b.w./day, oral) for 5 consecutive days and diclofenac (50 mg/kg. b.w./day, i.p) was given on 4th and 5th day. Silymarin (25 mg/kg. b.w./day, oral) was used as standard drug which was given to the rats of group‐IV along with diclofenac on 4th and 5th day. Aqueous leaf extract of M. longifolia (500 mg/kg b.w./day, oral) alone was administered in group‐V. After the study period, the rats were evaluated for liver enzyme markers, antioxidant parameters, histopathological changes, and cytokines levels. The hepatic proinflammatory mediator cytokines like TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β were evaluated through ELISA. The protein expression of Caspase‐3, COX‐2, and NF‐κB were analysed through Western blotting techniques. Aqueous leaves extract of M. longifolia was able to normalize the changes caused by diclofenac. Current study indicatesthe protective effect of the aqueous leaves extract of M. longifolia against diclofenac‐induced toxicity.
Mitochondrial inhibitory factor protein 1 attenuates coupling factor 6‐induced aging signal
Authors: Osanai Tomohiro , Tanaka Makoto , Mikami Kasumi , Kitajima Maiko , Magota Koji , Tomita Hirofumi , Okumura Ken 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCoupling factor 6 (CF6) forces a counter‐clockwise rotation of plasma membrane F1Fo complex, resulting in proton import and accelerated aging. Inhibitory factor peptide 1 (IF1) suppresses a unidirectional counter‐clockwise rotation of F1Fo complex without affecting ATP synthesis. We tested the hypothesis that IF1 may attenuate CF6‐induced aging signaling in CF6‐overexpressing transgenic (TG) cells. In IF1‐GFP overexpressing wild type (WT) cells, the diffuse peripheral staining of tubular mitochondria was observed with a dense widely distributed network around the nucleus. In TG cells, however, the only peri‐nuclear network of fragmented mitochondria was observed at 24 h, but it was developed to a widely distributed mitochondrial network of tubular mitochondria at 72 h. TG cells displayed aging hallmarks of telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, defective proteostasis, and genomic instability with a decrease in emerin and lamin and loss of heterochromatin. IF1 induction rescued TG cells from telomere attrition, expression of genomic instability with the increase in emerin and lamin, and that of epigenetic alterations with recovery of heterochromatin. In defective proteostasis, IF1 induction restored a potent peri‐nuclear staining of autolysosomes compared with the baseline weak staining. The decrease in Atg7 was restored, whereas the increase in P62 was abolished. We conclude that genetic disruption of proton signals by IF1 induction suppressed CF6‐induced expression of aging hallmarks such as telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, defective proteostasis, and genomic instability. Given the widespread biological actions of CF6, the physiological and pathological actions of IF1 may be complex.
MicroRNA expression profiles of neural stem cells following valproate inducement
Authors: He Hui , Li Wen , Peng Min , Qin Jianbing , Shi Jinhong , Li Haoming , Tian Meiling , Zhang Xinhua , Lv Guangming , Jin Guohua 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNeural stem cells (NSCs) possess self‐renewal and multilineage differentiation ability, thus are considered to be a potential source for cell replacement therapy of many nervous system diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases. Valproate (VPA), a member of histone deacetylase inhibitor family, is an epigenetic regulator and can promote NSCs to differentiate into neurons, nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of the process remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exert a crucial part in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Epigenetic mechanisms involve in the regulation of miRNAs expression. Therefore we speculated that miRNAs may be important factors during the promotion of neuronal differentiation by VPA. Here, after selecting appropriate concentration and treatment time of VPA, we conducted microRNA arrays at 24 h on the treatment of 1 mM VPA or vehicle. After validation, we obtained 5 significantly upregulated miRNAs (miR‐29a‐5p, miR‐674‐5p, miR‐155‐5p, miR‐652‐3p, and miR‐210‐3p) in VPA group compared with control. We predicted the target genes of these miRNAs on the website. Through gene ontology (GO) and pathway analyses, we obtained preliminary comprehension of the function of these genes. The bioinformatics analyses indicated the involvement of them during neurogenesis. In addition, we observed high expression of miR‐210‐3p, miR‐29a‐5p, and miR‐674‐5p in central nervous system, which suggested that they were likely to play crucial roles in neuronal differentiation. We then defined the upregulation of Map2 by transfecting mimic of miR‐674‐5p, which indicated the promotion of miR‐674‐5p on NSCs differentiation. The present study explored the miRNAs potentially mediated the function of VPA on promoting NSCs to differentiate into neurons.
Clinical application of endothelial injury marker in hypertensive patients
Authors: Guo Xiao Qian , Ren Wei , Peng Rui , Liu Yan Hong , Li Yan 
Published: March 2018

PurposeEndothelial damages are one of the most important causes of persistent hypertensive complications. The aim of our study was to discuss the relationship between the molecular markers of endothelial damage, thrombomodulin, and complications in hypertension.MethodsA total 132 cases of hypertensive patients, including 13 patients with damage of target organs, were selected as research subjects. And grouping was based on different levels of blood pressure. The blood pressure and thrombomodulin levels were detected among all cases, and their drinking, smoking, and other medical records were tracked.ResultsHigher plasma concentration of thrombomodulin was demonstrated in subjects with hypertensive complications compared with without complications [24.5 (18.1,37.55) vs 12.1 (9.1,22.3) TU/mL, P = .001, respectively]. The optimum thrombomodulin cutoff value was determined to be more than 15.5 TU/mL, with a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 63%. With the increase in blood pressure level, thrombomodulin levels in three groups gradually raised [6.15(5.475,12.75) vs 9.75(7.725,13.35) vs 16.45 (10.125,23.725) TU/mL, P = .007, respectively].ConclusionWith the increase in blood pressure and the occurrence of complications, thrombomodulin showed an increasing trend, which was caused by an increase in the degree of endothelial injury. So, thrombomodulin may serve as a clinically meaningful marker of the progression of hypertension.
Safety and efficacy of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs in patients undergoing hepatectomy: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Qi Shuo , Chen Guodong , Cao Peng , Hu Jiangping , He Gengsheng , Luo Jiaxing , He Jun , Peng Xiuda 
Published: March 2018

Background and aimEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs, following a variety of perioperative treatments with evidence‐based medical evidence, has indicated its validity to accelerate rehabilitation in a wide variety of surgical procedures. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study was implemented to verify the safety and efficacy of the perioperative effects in patients undergoing hepatectomy with ERAS or with conventional surgery (CS).MethodsFrom August 2016 to November 2017, according to the inclusion criteria, 160 patients with liver diseases were suitable for participating in this experiment. Patients before liver resection were randomized into ERAS group (n = 80) and CS group (n = 80), and then the outcome measures were compared between the two groups.ResultsEnhanced recovery after surgery group had significantly less complications than CS group (P = .009). Compared with CS group, patients in ERAS group had low peak of WBCs in postoperative day (POD1), ALT in POD1 and POD3 (P < .05), high value of ALB in POD3 and POD5 (P < .05), less pain and higher patient satisfaction (P < .001), earlier exhaust, oral feeding, ambulation and extubation time (P < .05),and also had less hospital stay and cost (P < .001). There were no significant differences in readmission rate (<30 days) between two groups (P = .772).ConclusionsEnhanced recovery after surgery programs applied to patients undergoing hepatectomy can safely and effectively relieve stress response, reduce the incidence of complications, improve patient satisfaction, accelerate patient recovery, reduce financial burden, and bring economic benefits.
Correlation between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and Ranson score in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Abaylı Bahri , Gençdal Genco , Değirmencioğlu Şerife 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundAcute pancreatitis (AP) is characterized by inflammation of the pancreas, elevated pancreatic enzymes, and abdominal pain. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is used as a marker of inflammation. In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate novel early prognostic predictors of AP, such as NLR and its correlation with the Ranson score.MethodsA total 435 patients (Male: 152; 34.9%, Age: 63.53 ± 17.22 years) were included in the study. Data were collected by two clinicians scanning the registered hospital records.ResultsClassification of the patients according to the aetiologies revealed gallstone(s) 58.6% (n = 255), hyperlipidaemia 2.2% (n = 9), viruses 0.7% (n = 3), malignancies 0.5% (n = 2), and alcohol 0.2% (n = 1). No reason was discovered in 37.9% (n = 165) of patients. Age, duration in the intensive care unit, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and the NLR were greater in the group with a Ranson score ≥3 than the group with a Ranson score <3.DiscussionQuick diagnosis is essential in AP. Current scoring systems for AP diagnosis are complicated, whereas NLP is a simple, practical, and effective marker.
Personal risk factors associated with burnout among psychotherapists: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Simionato Gabrielle K. , Simpson Susan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesEmotionally taxing job demands place psychotherapists at risk for burnout, often to the detriment of the therapist, clients, and the profession of psychotherapy (Maslach, 2007). The aim of the present systematic review was to (a) explore the levels of both burnout and job stress in psychotherapists, (b) identify tools used to measure work‐related stress and burnout, and (c) identify personal risk factors for developing burnout among psychotherapists.MethodDatabases PsycINFO, Medline, EMBASE, ASSIA, and CINHAL were searched. Forty articles met inclusion criteria.ResultsOver half of sampled psychotherapists reported moderate‐high levels of burnout, with the majority of results based on quantitative cross‐sectional self‐report surveys. Younger age, having less work experience, and being overinvolved in client problems were the most common personal risk factors for moderate‐high levels of stress and burnout among psychotherapists.ConclusionIt appears that psychotherapists commonly experience some burnout, and personal factors influence burnout development.
Cross‐validation of PAI scales for the detection of suspected ADHD in adults
Authors: Lancaster Amber , Liljequist Laura 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to cross‐validate scales and subscales of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) identified in previously published research against criterion variables for the identification of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults. Performance‐based indicators of attention deficits from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth Edition were used as criterion variables. In a hierarchical logistic regression analysis, the addition of the PAI scales to the criterion variables did significantly improve the fit of the model, with an overall classification accuracy of 75%. Limitations of this study and implications for future research are discussed.
Citizen participation in the police domain: The role of citizens’ attitude and morality
Authors: Schreurs Wendy , Kerstholt José H. , de Vries Peter W. , Giebels Ellen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlthough there is a large potential of citizen capital in fighting crime and creating safer neighborhoods, in reality, only a small fraction of citizens is actively participating. This study examines the relationship between different types of actual participation behavior in the police domain from a citizen's stance and 3 different but interconnected psychological drivers: the attitude toward citizen participation, moral values, and moral emotions. A total of 217 Dutch citizens filled out an online questionnaire, assessing these drivers and the actual participatory actions they engaged in over the past year. The results show that 4 broad categories of participation behavior can be distinguished: social control (e.g., correcting others regarding their behavior); responsive participation (e.g., calling the police); collaborative participation (e.g., meeting with a police officer); and detection (e.g., joining a neighborhood watch). As expected, moral values had an indirect influence on participation via attitude and moral emotions. The attitude toward citizen participation was positively related to all four types of reported behavior, while the influence of moral emotions only related to social control and responsive behavior. These results can be used in the design and testing of interventions to stimulate citizen participation.
“Humbling experiences”: A photovoice project with sexual and gender‐expansive youth experiencing homelessness
Authors: Forge Nicholas , Lewinson Terri , Garner Brittany M. , Braxton Charlayna , Greenwald Lindsay , Maley Olivia 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhile experiencing homelessness, queer youth are subject to stereotyping, discrimination, and violence that affect their ability to achieve independent living and actualize goals. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ)‐identified youth of color are at greater risk for homelessness when compared to heterosexual counterparts. This study explores lived experiences of queer‐identified youth of color who are currently experiencing homelessness. Using photovoice methodology, a group of 4 participants drawn from an Atlanta‐based service provider for LGBTQ youth were engaged in a series of focus groups to discuss meaningful photographic images and give voice to shared homelessness experiences. From their individual and collective narratives, three key themes were identified: becoming aware, managing inner struggles, and recognizing personal strengths. The participating youth marked the conclusion of the project by presenting to youth service practitioners a poster board display of photos that visually represented areas of concern and opportunities for ongoing advocacy to benefit this underserved and often misunderstood population. This study also reports on this poster board display and the outcomes identified by the participating young people for better supporting homeless LGBTQ young people.
Collagen‐induced arthritis as an animal model of rheumatoid cachexia
Authors: Alabarse Paulo V.G. , Lora Priscila S. , Silva Jordana M.S. , Santo Rafaela C.E. , Freitas Eduarda C. , de Oliveira Mayara S. , Almeida Andrelise S. , Immig Mônica , Teixeira Vivian O.N. , Filippin Lidiane I. , Xavier Ricardo M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis is characterized by chronic polyarticular synovitis and presents systemic changes that impact quality of life, such as impaired muscle function, seen in up to 66% of the patients. This can progress to severely debilitating state known as rheumatoid cachexia—without loss of fat mass and body weight—for which there is little consensus in terms of diagnosis or treatment. This study aims to evaluate whether the collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) animal model also develops clinical and functional features characteristic of rheumatoid cachexia.MethodsMale DBA1/J mice were randomly divided into 2 groups: healthy animals (CO, n = 11) and CIA animals (n = 13). The clinical score and edema size, animal weight and food intake, free exploratory locomotion, grip strength, and endurance exercise performance were tested 0, 18, 35, 45, 55, and 65 days after disease induction. After euthanasia, several organs, visceral and brown fat, and muscles were dissected and weighed. Muscles were used to assess myofiber diameter. Ankle joint was used to assess arthritis severity by histological score. Statistical analysis were performed using one‐way and two‐way analyses of variance followed by Tukey's and Bonferroni's test or t‐test of Pearson and statistical difference were assumed for a P value under 0.05.ResultsThe CIA had significantly higher arthritis scores and larger hind paw edema volumes than CO. The CIA had decreased endurance exercise performance total time (fatigue; 23, 22, 24, and 21% at 35, 45, 55, and 65 days, respectively), grip strength (27, 55, 63, 60, and 66% at 25, 35, 45, 55, and 65 days, respectively), free locomotion (43, 57, 59, and 66% at 35, 45, 55, and 65 days, respectively), and tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle weight (25 and 24%, respectively) compared with CO. Sarcoplasmic ratios were also reduced in CIA (TA: 23 and GA: 22% less sarcoplasmic ratio), confirming the atrophy of skeletal muscle mass in these animals than in CO. Myofiber diameter was also reduced 45% in TA and 41% in GA in CIA when compared with the CO. Visceral and brown fat were lighter in CIA (54 and 39%, respectively) than CO group.ConclusionsThe CIA model is a valid experimental model for rheumatoid cachexia given that the clinical changes observed were similar to those described in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
The habenula as a novel link between the homeostatic and hedonic pathways in cancer‐associated weight loss: a pilot study
Authors: Maldonado Maria , Molfese David L. , Viswanath Humsini , Curtis Kaylah , Jones Ashley , Hayes Teresa G. , Marcelli Marco , Mediwala Sanjay , Baldwin Philip , Garcia Jose M. , Salas Ramiro 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the brain mechanisms underlying cancer‐associated weight loss (C‐WL) in humans despite this condition negatively affecting their quality of life and survival. We tested the hypothesis that patients with C‐WL have abnormal connectivity in homeostatic and hedonic brain pathways together with altered brain activity during food reward.MethodsIn 12 patients with cancer and 12 healthy controls, resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC, resting brain activity observed through changes in blood flow in the brain which creates a blood oxygen level‐dependent signal that can be measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging) was used to compare three brain regions hypothesized to play a role in C‐WL: the hypothalamus (homeostatic), the nucleus accumbens (hedonic), and the habenula (an important regulator of reward). In addition, the brain reward response to juice was studied.Participants included 12 patients with histological diagnosis of incurable cancer (solid tumours), a European Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–2, and a ≥5% involuntary body weight loss from pre‐illness over the previous 6 months and 12 non‐cancer controls matched for age, sex, and race. RSFC between the hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, and habenula and brain striatum activity as measured by functional MRI during juice reward delivery events were the main outcome measures.ResultsAfter adjusting for BMI and compared with matched controls, patients with C‐WL were found to have reduced RSFC between the habenula and hypothalamus (P = 0.04) and between the habenula and nucleus accumbens (P = 0.014). Patients with C‐WL also had reduced juice reward responses in the striatum compared with controls.ConclusionsIn patients with C‐WL, reduced connectivity between both homeostatic and hedonic brain regions and the habenula and reduced juice reward were observed. Further research is needed to establish the relevance of the habenula and striatum in C‐WL.