bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Spinal Structure and Lung Function Relationship in an Untreated Nonambulatory Myelomeningocele Group of Patients
Authors: Ramírez Norman , Valentín Pablo , Mayer Oscar H. , Redding Gregory J. , Rodríguez Francés , Vélez Axel , Jaume Francisco , Iriarte Iván , Olivella Gerardo 
Published: September 2018

Introduction:
The relationship between spinal structure and respiratory function has been coined as thoracic insufficiency syndrome and is defined as the inability of the thorax to support normal respiratory function or lung growth. Little is known about what supports this relationship in untreated nonambulatory myelomeningocele patients.

Methods:
A prospective cross-sectional study of nonambulatory myelodysplasia patients was performed. Anatomic, radiographic, and functional parameters were evaluated to validate the respiratory–spinal structure relationship. Thirty-one patients diagnosed with nonambulatory myelomeningocele fulfilled the inclusion criteria.

Results:
The imaging study confirmed the spinal deformity. Lung functions measured in this patient population describe reduced lung volumes by CT lung volume reconstruction, reduced vital capacity by spirometry, and reduced total lung capacity by the nitrogen washout method. Together, these findings suggest moderate restrictive respiratory disease. The blood count study did not show evidence of anemia or other blood disturbances. Echocardiogram analysis did not show pulmonary hypertension in any patient.

Conclusion:
The data validate the relationship between spinal structure and lung function. However, there is no simple structural feature that could help to diagnose thoracic insufficiency syndrome. Thus, the diagnosis continues to be based on a combination of clinical findings and radiological and respiratory function evaluations.

Level of Evidence:
Level III
Composite health behaviour classifier as the basis for targeted interventions and global comparisons in men’s health
Authors: Flannigan Ryan Kendrick , Oliffe John L. , McCreary Donald R. , Punjani Nahid , Kasabwala Khushabu , Black Nick , Rachert Joe , Goldenberg Larry S. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Lifestyle-related diseases are the leading cause of death among North American men. We evaluated health behaviours and their predictors that contribute to morbidity and mortality among Canadian men as a means to making recommendations for targeted interventions.
Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of Canadian men drawn from 5362 visitors to our online survey page was conducted. The current study sample of 2000 men (inclusion: male and >18 years; exclusion: incomplete surveys) were stratified to the 2016 Canadian census. The primary outcome was the number of unhealthy men classified using our Canadian Composite Classification of Health Behaviour (CCCHB) score. Secondary outcomes included the number of men with unhealthy exercise, diet, smoking, sleep, and alcohol intake, as well as socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with unhealthy behaviours to be used for targeting future interventions.
Results: Only 118/2000 (5.9%) men demonstrated 5/5 healthy behaviours, and 829 (41.5%) had 3/5 unhealthy behaviours; 391 (19.6%) men currently smoked, 773 (38.7%) demonstrated alcohol overuse, 1077 (53.9%) did not get optimal sleep (<7 or >9 hours per night), 977 (48.9%) failed to exercise >150 minutes/week, and 1235 (61.8%) had an unhealthy diet. Multivariate analysis indicated that men with high school education were at increased risk of unhealthy behaviours (odds ratio [OR] 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–2.18; p=0.005), as were men living with relatives (OR 2.10; 95% CI1.04–4.26; p=0.039), or with their partner and children (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.02–1.76; p=0.034).
Conclusions: An overwhelming 41.5% of Canadian men had 3/5 unhealthy behaviours, affirming the need for targeted lifestyle interventions. Significant health inequities within vulnerable subgroups of Canadian men were identified and may guide the content and delivery of future interventions.
De codificatie van gedragsnormen in het Nederlands rechtspersonenrecht: een gewenste ontwikkeling?
Authors: Thomae L. , Koster H. 
Published: September 2018

De codificatie van gedragsnormen in het Nederlands rechtspersonenrecht: een gewenste ontwikkeling?
In deze bijdrage beantwoorden de auteurs de vraag of het wenselijk is om de (algemene) gedragsnormen die onder meer voortvloeien uit de jurisprudentie in Boek 2 BW te codificeren. Voor de beantwoording van deze vraag zullen onder meer de gedragsnormen uit de Companies Act 2006 aan de orde komen.
Bij bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid hoort geen klachtplicht
Authors: Huizink J.B. 
Published: September 2018

Bij bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid hoort geen klachtplicht
In deze bijdrage over de klachtplicht wordt betoogd dat art. 6:89 BW niet van toepassing is op claims uit hoofde van bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid. Op juridisch-dogmatische gronden zou daar voor art. 2:9 BW wellicht nog wel iets te zeggen zijn, maar voor art. 2:138 (248) en 6:162 BW in veel mindere mate, nu de uit deze bepalingen voortvloeiende verplichtingen niet kwalificeren als verbintenissen. Belangrijker is evenwel dat voor alle drie de vormen van bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid toepasselijkheid van art. 6:89 BW – gelet op de ratio van de klachtplicht – niet aanvaardbaar en dus onwenselijk is.
Wettelijke bedenktijd en beschermingsconstructies, de wereld op zijn kop!
Authors: Oostwouder W.J. , Schrooten R.P. 
Published: September 2018

Wettelijke bedenktijd en beschermingsconstructies, de wereld op zijn kop!
Het regeerakkoord van het huidige kabinet bevat het voornemen om ten aanzien van Nederlandse beursgenoteerde vennootschappen een wettelijke ‘bedenktijd’ in te voeren. Een beursgenoteerde vennootschap die op de algemene vergadering wordt geconfronteerd met voorstellen voor een fundamentele strategiewijziging zou een bedenktijd van maximaal 250 dagen moeten kunnen inroepen. Deze bijdrage formuleert een antwoord op de volgende twee vragen ten aanzien van de voorgenomen bedenktijd: Is deze juridisch toelaatbaar tegen de achtergrond van de Aandeelhoudersrichtlijn en de overige Europese regelgeving? Is deze praktisch wenselijk gezien de bij buitenlandse investeerders gewekte verwachtingen en de bestaande mogelijkheden tot bescherming van Nederlandse beursvennootschappen?
Grensoverschrijdende omzettingen
Authors: Koster H. 
Published: September 2018

Grensoverschrijdende omzettingen. Polbud in perspectief
In dit artikel gaat de auteur in op het Polbud-arrest van 25 oktober 2017 over een verplaatsing van de statutaire zetel, waarin het HvJ EU een nadere invulling geeft aan de mogelijkheid van een grensoverschrijdende omzetting op basis van de vrijheid van vestiging van art. 49 en 54 VWEU. Dit artikel bevat een analyse over de betekenis van het Polbud-arrest, mede in het perspectief van het geldende recht met betrekking tot grensoverschrijdende omzettingen.
Overeenkomst en faillissement
Authors: Damsteegt-Molier F. 
Published: September 2018

Overeenkomst en faillissement. Rien ne va plus?
Het arrest Credit Suisse/Jongepier q.q. gaat (onder meer) over de vraag hoe moet worden omgegaan met vorderingen die na de datum van het faillissement uit hoofde van een lopende overeenkomst ontstaan. In dit artikel wordt stilgestaan bij de achtergrond van het arrest en wordt bezien wat nu de stand van zaken is op het gebied van de overeenkomst in faillissement. Ook worden de praktische gevolgen van de beslissing van de Hoge Raad belicht. Geconcludeerd wordt dat het arrest een bevestiging is van eerdere rechtspraak op dit punt en dat daarmee de vraag rest of een wetswijziging noodzakelijk is.
Deutsches Erbrecht
Authors: Eule Wolfgang 
Published: September 2018

Deutsches Erbrecht
Nachstehend werden im Teil 1 die Rechte des überlebenden Ehepartners bei gesetzlicher Erbfolge, der Ausschluss vom Ehegattenerbrecht beim Tod während eines rechtshängigen Scheidungsverfahrens und die passive Vererblichkeit eines Ehegattenunterhaltsanspruches dargestellt, im Teil 2 die ordentlichen Pflichtteilsrechte (Berechtigte, Quote) und die Pflichtteilsergänzungsansprüche wegen vom Erblasser zu Lebzeiten vorgenommener Schenklungen sowie die pflichtteilsähnlichen Ansprüche.Im Teil 3 wird die Problematik behandelt, ob ein nach deutschem Erbrecht zulässig und wirksam abgeschlossener Erb- und Pflichtteilsverzichtsvertrag noch Wirkungen hat, wenn zum Zeitpunkt des Todes des Erblassers niederländisches Erbrecht gilt, weil dieses den lebzeitigen Verzichtsvertrag verbietet.
Die Stellung des überlebenden Ehegatten sowie das Pflichtteilsrecht in der polnischen Rechtsordnung
Authors: Bugajski Błażej 
Published: September 2018

Die Stellung des überlebenden Ehegatten sowie das Pflichtteilsrecht in der polnischen Rechtsordnung
In Bezug auf den überlebenden Ehegatten des Erblassers hat der polnische Gesetzgeber einige besondere Regelungen geschafft, die sich auf die Verstärkung seiner Stellung richten. Die besondere und einmalige Rolle, die ein Ehegatte im Lebensbereich des anderen Ehegatten spielt, spricht eindeutig für die Bevorzugung des überlebenden Ehegatten auf den Todesfall des anderen Ehegatten.In der polnischen Rechtsordnung kann der Pflichtteilsberechtigte die Herausgabe oder die Eigentumsübertragung von Sachen aus der Erbschaft nicht verlangen. Der Pflichtteilsanspruch ist lediglich ein Geldanspruch, der sich gegen die Erben richtet. Die Hauptgedanke der polnischen Regelung in Bezug auf das Pflichtteil ist positiv zu bewerten. Einerseits kann der Erblasser über den Nachlass auf den Todesfall frei zu verfügen. Andererseits wird indirekt die Sicherung des Interesses von nahestehenden Personen durch den Geldanspruch auf Zahlung des Pflichtteils garantiert. Die Höhe des Pflichtteilanspruchs ist dabei als ein Kompromiss zwischen dem Erblasserwillen und den Bedürfnissen der nahestehenden Personen des Erblassers zu betrachten.
Human dimensions of wildfires in NW Spain: causes, value of the burned vegetation and administrative measures
Authors: Calviño-Cancela María , Cañizo-Novelle Nuria 
Published: September 2018

Exploring the human dimensions of forest fires is a crucial, although often overlooked, aspect of wildfire research, since wildfires often have important socio-economic impacts and humans are nowadays the main cause of wildfires in many areas of the world. We carried out a telephone survey (N = 345 interviews) in one of the most fire-prone areas in Europe (NW Spain) in order to assess citizens’ awareness about wildfire causes and risks, their perception of the value of the vegetation and of administrative measures to fight against fires. Perceptions of respondents about fire causes were in general realistic although fires caused by pyromaniacs and for profit were overestimated, while vegetation management was comparatively underestimated. Citizens were broadly aware of the fire risk associated with different vegetation types, rightly considering native oak forests and agricultural fields as less risky than shrublands and pine and eucalypt plantations. Tree-dominated vegetation was more valued than treeless formations, and native forests more than tree plantations, which seems related to a preference for ecological value over utilitarian considerations. In addition, the value of eucalypt plantations was clearly affected by the education level of respondents, being less valued as the education level increased. Most citizens considered that the administration was not doing enough to fight against fires. The law that compels landowners to reduce fuels in wildland-urban interfaces was considered effective by most respondents (72%), but 50% considered it difficult to implement by landowners. This may explain the poor degree of compliance of this law.
Population history of deep-sea vent and seepProvannasnails (Mollusca: Abyssochrysoidea) in the northwestern Pacific
Authors: Ogura Tomomi , Watanabe Hiromi Kayama , Chen Chong , Sasaki Takenori , Kojima Shigeaki , Ishibashi Jun-ichiro , Fujikura Katsunori 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundGastropods of the genusProvannaare abundant and widely distributed in deep-sea chemosynthetic environments with seven extant species described in the northwestern Pacific.MethodsWe investigated the population history and connectivity of fiveProvannaspecies in the northwestern Pacific through population genetic analyses using partial sequences of the cytochromecoxidase subunit I gene.ResultsWe found thatP. subglabra, the most abundant and genetically diverse species, is genetically segregated by depth. Among the five species, the three comparatively shallower species (P. lucida, P. kuroshimensis, P. glabra) had a more constant demographic history compared to the deeper species (P. subglabra,P. clathrata).DiscussionEnvironmental differences, especially depth, appears to have a role in the segregation ofProvannasnails. The population ofP. clathratain the Irabu Knoll appears to have expanded afterP. subglabrapopulation. The remaining three species,P. lucida,P. kuroshimensis, andP. glabra, are only known from a single site each, all of which were shallower than 1,000 m. These data indicate thatProvannagastropods are vertically segregated, and that their population characteristics likely depend on hydrothermal activities.
A Polysulfide‐Immobilizing Polymer Retards the Shuttling of Polysulfide Intermediates in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Tu Shuibin , Chen Xiang , Zhao Xinxin , Cheng Mingren , Xiong Peixun , He Yongwu , Zhang Qiang , Xu Yunhua 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation rechargeable batteries. However, the practical application of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is seriously impeded by the notorious shuttling of soluble polysulfide intermediates, inducing a low utilization of active materials, severe self‐discharge, and thus a poor cycling life, which is particularly severe in high‐sulfur‐loading cathodes. Herein, a polysulfide‐immobilizing polymer is reported to address the shuttling issues. A natural polymer of Gum Arabic (GA) with precise oxygen‐containing functional groups that can induce a strong binding interaction toward lithium polysulfides is deposited onto a conductive support of a carbon nanofiber (CNF) film as a polysulfide shielding interlayer. The as‐obtained CNF–GA composite interlayer can achieve an outstanding performance of a high specific capacity of 880 mA h g−1 and a maintained specific capacity of 827 mA h g−1 after 250 cycles under a sulfur loading of 1.1 mg cm−2. More importantly, high reversible areal capacities of 4.77 and 10.8 mA h cm−2 can be obtained at high sulfur loadings of 6 and even 12 mg cm−2, respectively. The results offer a facile and promising approach to develop viable lithium–sulfur batteries with high sulfur loading and high reversible capacities.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Domino Michael/Acyl Transfer Reaction Between α‐Nitroketones and in situ‐Generated ortho‐Quinone Methides: Route to 2‐(1‐Arylethyl)phenols
Authors: Gharui Chandan , Behera Debasmita , Pan Subhas Chandra 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn organocatalytic asymmetric domino Michael/acyl transfer reaction between α‐nitroketones and o‐quinone methides is disclosed. o‐Quinone methides are generated in situ from 2‐sulfonylmethylphenols in basic medium. With 10 mol% of bifunctional squaramide catalyst, high yields and excellent enantioselectivities are achieved for a variety of O‐acyl 2‐(1‐arylethyl)phenols under mild reaction condition.magnified image
Manganese‐Catalyzed Sequential Annulation between Indoles and 1, 6‐Diynes
Authors: Yi Xiaofei , Chen Kai , Chen Wanzhi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractManganese‐catalyzed selective annulation reaction between indoles and 1,6‐diynes is described. Various carbazole derivatives were isolated in moderate to good yields. The formation of the fused ring compounds involves the construction of three C−C bonds in one‐pot through manganese‐catalyzed C−H bond activation, alkyne insertion, and oxidative dehydrogenation.magnified image
Disease progression and outcome measures in spinobulbar muscular atrophy
Authors: Dahlqvist Julia R. , Fornander Freja , de Stricker Borch Josefine , Oestergaard Sofie T. , Poulsen Nanna S. , Vissing John 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveSpinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a slowly progressive disease with weakness of bulbar and extremity muscles. There is no curative treatment for the disease, but several clinical trials have been conducted over the past years. The results from these trials have uncovered a great need to develop quantitative, reliable outcome measures. In this study, we prospectively investigated disease progression over 18 months in 29 patients with genetically confirmed SBMA, using quantitative outcome measures, including Dixon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsWe used MRI to assess changes in muscle fat content and stationary dynamometry to assess changes in muscle strength. Disease progression was also investigated with the SBMA functional rating scale, bulbar rating scale, 6‐minute walk test, and blood samples, among others.ResultsMean muscle fat content, muscle strength in knee extensors, handgrip strength, walking distance, and creatinine levels changed significantly. Mean muscle fat content increased by 2 ± 1.25%, and knee extension strength decreased from 83 ± 60 to 76 ± 56Nm, handgrip strength from 31 ± 13 to 29 ± 13kg, walking distance from 362 ± 216 to 336 ± 219m, and creatinine level from 58 ± 21 to 54 ± 20 μmol/l. Functional rating scores did not change.InterpretationThe present study demonstrates a slow and steady disease progression in SBMA. Dixon MRI detected increases in muscle fat content in all investigated muscles and is therefore a suitable candidate for an outcome measure in natural history or treatment studies in SBMA. The 6‐minute walk test and handgrip strength also seem to be reliable outcome measures for SBMA. Ann Neurol 2018;84:762–773
Diastereoselective Aza‐Mislow–Evans Rearrangement of N‐Acyl tert‐Butanesulfinamides into α‐Sulfenyloxy Carboxamides
Authors: Tang Fan , Yao Yun , Xu Yan‐Jun , Lu Chong‐Dao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA diastereoselective [2,3] rearrangement of O‐silyl N‐sulfinyl N,O‐ketene acetals derived from chiral N‐acyl tert‐butanesulfinamides was developed, giving α‐sulfenyloxy carboxamides with excellent enantioselectivity. Enolization and subsequent silylation of N‐acyl tert‐butanesulfinamides initiate this aza variant of the Mislow–Evans rearrangement, in which the chirality at the sulfur atom in the rearrangement precursors is faithfully transferred to the α‐carbon stereocenter of the products. The Ellman sulfinamide, often used as a chiral ammonia equivalent, can serve in this rearrangement as a chiral precursor for the asymmetric synthesis of α‐oxygen‐functionalized carboxamides.
NBN‐Doped Conjugated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as an AIEgen Class for Extremely Sensitive Detection of Explosives
Authors: Wan Wen‐Ming , Tian Di , Jing Ya‐Nan , Zhang Xiao‐Yun , Wu Wei , Ren Hao , Bao Hong‐Li 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA simple and efficient synthesis of NBN‐doped conjugated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (such as diazaborinines) has been accomplished by a catalyst‐free intermolecular dehydration reaction at room temperature between boronic acid and diamine moieties with yields up to 99 %. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with a six‐membered NBN ring are a new class of aggregation‐induced emissive luminogens. Extremely sensitive detection of ppb levels of TNT by phenyl naphthodiazaborinine is straightforward. Visual detection of TNT is illustrated by fabrication of TNT test strips, which can detect as little as 100 ng of TNT powder. This simple and sensitive detection of TNT has potential applications in the area of public safety and security against terrorist activities.
Theoretical Investigation of Hydride Insertion into N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes Containing N, P, C, O and S Heteroatoms
Authors: Al Furaiji Khalidah H. M. , Iversen Kalon J. , Dutton Jason L. , Wilson David J. D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe endocyclic ring expansion of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) rings containing one N atom and one P, N, C, O or S heteroatom has been investigated in a computational study. Ring expansion was determined to follow a common pathway, leading to a final expanded six‐membered ring that was predicted to be thermodynamically stable for all heterocycles. However, reactivity is driven by kinetics with ring‐expansion reactivity not expected for the P/NHC and C/NHC (cAAC) containing heterocycles due to large barriers for ring‐expansion. In contrast, ring expansion is predicted to be feasible for N‐heterocyclic carbenes containing an O (O/NHC) or S (S/NHC) heteroatom, with insertion into the O−C and S−C bond favoured over insertion into the N−C bond, respectively.
Development and validation of the General Risk Propensity Scale (GRiPS)
Authors: Zhang Don C. , Highhouse Scott , Nye Christopher D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDespite the widespread interest in understanding and identifying risk takers by psychologists, clinicians, and economists, the risk literature currently lacks consensus regarding the nature of risk taking and its measurement. Existing measures of risk taking are predominantly domain‐specific despite emerging support for risk taking as a domain‐general disposition. In the present paper, we examine the nature of risk taking as a domain‐general personality disposition and develop a concise measure: the General Risk Propensity Scale (GRiPS). Data from 1,523 participants across five studies provided evidence for its construct validity. The GRiPS converged with other self‐report measures of risk taking and provided incremental prediction of work, academic, and life outcomes over and above the five‐factor model of personality and the Domain‐Specific Risk Taking Scale.
Tissue distribution profiles of multiple major bioactive components in rats after intravenous administration of Xuebijing injection by UHPLC–Q–Orbitrap HRMS
Authors: Zuo Lihua , Sun Zhi , Wang Zhenhui , Ding Daling , Xu Tanye , Liu Liwei , Gao Li , Du Shuzhang , Kang Jian , Zhang Xiaojian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractXuebijing injection (XBJI) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription extracted from five Chinese herbs. Hydroxysafflor yellow A, oxypaeoniflorin, ferulic acid and benzoylpaeoniflorin are the main bioactive ingredients of XBJI. This paper presents an application of ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–Q–exactive hybrid quadrupole–Orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC–Q–Orbitrap HRMS) to quantify four compounds of XBJI in rats various tissues for tissue distribution studies. The analytes were separated on a Waters Acquity UHPLC® BEH C18 column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile–water (containing 0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Mass spectrometric detection was performed by parallel reaction monitoring via a heated electrospray ionization source under the negative ionization mode. The method was validated in various tissue samples, and has demonstrated great performance for rapidity, accuracy, high sensitivity and selectivity. It was successfully applied to the tissue distribution studies of XBJI after intravenous administration to rats. It was also the first study to investigate the tissue distribution of XBJI in rats and we found that the concentrations of four compounds were high in kidney, liver, stomach and intestine. The clinical use of XBJI should focus on its pharmacodynamics and safety studies in these tissues.