bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrography, transport and mixing of the West Spitsbergen Current: the Svalbard Branch in summer 2015
Authors: Kolås Eivind , Fer Ilker 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Measurements of ocean currents, stratification and microstructure were made in August 2015,
northwest of Svalbard, downstream of the Atlantic inflow in Fram Strait in
the Arctic Ocean. Observations in three sections are used to characterize the
evolution of the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) along a 170 km downstream
distance. Two alternative calculations imply 1.5 to 2 Sv
(1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) is routed to recirculation and Yermak
branch in Fram Strait, whereas 0.6 to 1.3 Sv is carried by the Svalbard
branch. The WSC cools at a rate of 0.20 ∘C per 100 km, with
associated bulk heat loss per along-path meter of
(1.1-1.4)×107 W m−1, corresponding to a surface heat loss of
380–550 W m−2. The measured turbulent heat flux is too small to
account for this cooling rate. Estimates using a plausible range of
parameters suggest that the contribution of diffusion by eddies could be
limited to one half of the observed heat loss. In addition to shear-driven
mixing beneath the WSC core, we observe energetic convective mixing of an
unstable bottom boundary layer on the slope, driven by Ekman advection of
buoyant water across the slope. The estimated lateral buoyancy flux is
O(10−8) W kg−1, sufficient to maintain a large fraction of the
observed dissipation rates, and corresponds to a heat flux of approximately
40 W m−2. We conclude that – at least in summer – convectively
driven bottom mixing followed by the detachment of the mixed fluid and its
transfer into the ocean interior can lead to substantial cooling and
freshening of the WSC.
Reading Words alongside Images: Ali Smith and Visual Portraiture
Authors: Weaver Milly 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article reads description in Ali Smith's fiction alongside the techniques and concerns of the visual portraiture tradition. It deploys portraiture as a guiding framework within which to explore how character description operates in this author's work. First setting out the technical similarities between each visual and verbal domain, this study then moves on to a consideration of their shared thematic concerns. Specifically, approaching Smith's work with visual representation in mind has much to tell us about how prose fiction grapples with the issues that typically attach to perceiving and rendering identity, and gendered identity in particular. More widely, this study makes a methodological and firmly interdisciplinary point: it argues for the critical value of considering visual and verbal images alongside one another. This integrated approach stresses the capacity of each respective form to articulate, and query, the workings of the other. And in so doing, they also shed light on the wider visual culture out of which they both emerge.
Expressivism, Moral Judgment, and Disagreement: A Jamesian Program
Authors: Aikin Scott , Hodges Michael 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTExpressivism, the view that ethical claims are expressions of psychological states, has advantages such as closing the gap between normative claims and motivation and avoiding difficulties posed by the ontological status of values. However, it seems to make substantive moral disagreement impossible. Here, we develop a suggestion from William James as a pragmatist extension of expressivism. If we look at a set of moral claims from the perspective of the maximally comprehensive set of co-possible satisfactions, then a claim can be treated as true if it is part of that set. There then is a practical “fact of the matter” about the members of such a set. This makes the notion of moral truth analogous to pragmatic notions of scientific truth, defined as what will withstand inquiry to its ideal limit, and thereby provides a way for expressivists to make sense of moral disagreement.
John Steinbeck and Sonya Noskowiak: Dating the Iconic Photo
Authors: Krim Arthur 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The iconic photo of John Steinbeck sitting in a chair cross-legged wearing his leather jacket has been credited correctly to Sonya Noskowiak (1900–1975) as photographer. With estimated dates ranging from circa 1930 to circa 1940 by various biographers, the precise dating of this photo, however, has been open to question. Recent research in the Noskowiak archives at the Center for Creative Photography at the University of Arizona in Tucson has now documented a secure date of May 1935 for the Steinbeck negative. The secure date thus places the Noskowiak portrait as contemporary with publication of Tortilla Flat in 1935, likely authorized by Steinbeck's publisher Pascal Covici. Sonya Noskowiak, German born of Polish parents, was a member of the innovative Group f/64 photographers in Carmel, California, and a close associate of its founder, Edward Weston. In 1935 she established her own portrait studio in San Francisco, recording the artistic personae of the Bay Area. The Steinbeck session included some six images, both close-ups and full frame, with the armchair photo among the most powerful. A second series of informal Steinbeck photos was taken in 1936 by Group f/64 member Peter Stackpole and showed Steinbeck relaxing at his home in Pacific Grove. The Noskowiak photos of John Steinbeck capture the young author on the brink of his creativity, two years before Of Mice and Men and four years before The Grapes of Wrath. The power of the Noskowiak series comes from the direct documentary style of Group f/64 and the determined gaze of Steinbeck's pose.
Steinbeck Today
Authors: Ray William 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
News in the first half of 2018 confirmed the continued relevance of Steinbeck's life and work to events in California, New York, and Oklahoma and to developments in music, medicine, photography, theater, film, politics, and marine science—fields which occupied Steinbeck's attention and imagination in The Grapes of Wrath, written eighty years ago; A Russian Journal, published seventy years ago; and touchstone texts including Sea of Cortez, Cannery Row, East of Eden, The Winter of Our Discontent, and Travels with Charley. Quotations from newspaper reports and interviews demonstrate the geographical and cultural range of Steinbeck's influence as a writer and—with Ed Ricketts and Robert Capa—as a collaborator in underappreciated books that outlasted their critics.
Cervical Adenocarcinomas: A Heterogeneous Group of Tumors With Variable Etiologies and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Hodgson Anjelica , Park Kay J. 
Published: December 2018

Context.—Cervical adenocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors with varying morphologies, etiologies, molecular drivers, and prognoses, comprising approximately 25% of all cervical cancers. Unlike cervical squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinomas are not uniformly caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and, therefore, would not necessarily be prevented by the HPV vaccine.Objective.—To provide a review of endocervical adenocarcinoma subtypes and, when appropriate, discuss precursor lesions, etiologies, molecular genetics, and ancillary studies within the context of clinical care. Some historical perspectives will also be provided.Data Sources.—Data sources included published peer-reviewed literature and personal experiences of the senior author.Conclusions.—Endocervical adenocarcinomas are a histologically diverse group of tumors with various causes and molecular drivers, not all related to HPV infection. Distinguishing them has important implications for treatment and prognosis as well as strategies for prevention.
L’artiste contemporain dans les musées d’ethnographie ou la « promesse » d’un commissariat engagé
Authors: Bawin Julie 
Published: December 2018

For over three decades, ethnographic museums have been engaged in a process of redefining both their missions and their collections. Forced to reinvent themselves, as well as develop exhibition strategies in response to post-colonial theory, many of these museums have adopted a self-critical attitude and invited artists to intervene in their collections. What do such practices reveal ? When artists turn their attention to the collecting, archiving, and exhibition practices of colonial museums, does it follow that their approach is more engaged ? By considering the first exhibitions of this kind, while also tracing the evolution of this phenomenon since the 1980s, this paper seeks to respond to these questions. It also strives to understand the specific nature of critical curating as it is practiced in museums that are, more than any others, loci for identity politics.
Pour une conception rythmique des apprentissages transformateurs
Authors: Alhadeff-Jones Miche 
Published: December 2018

En prenant appui sur la théorie de l’apprentissage transformateur (TAT), développée par Jack Mezirow aux États-Unis, cet article propose une réflexion sur les temporalités qui caractérisent les processus de transformation, susceptibles d’être promus ou accompagnés en formation d’adultes. La réflexion proposée s’articule en trois temps. Premièrement, les fondements de la TAT sont énoncés de manière à situer leur pertinence en formation d’adultes. Ces apports sont repris afin de problématiser la manière dont on conçoit les temporalités impliquées dans un processus de transformation, et plus spécifiquement la nature à la fois continue et discontinue d’un tel processus. Finalement, l’apprentissage transformateur est envisagé à partir d’une perspective rythmologique, démontrant l’intérêt de développer une approche centrée sur les rythmes constitutifs des transformations vécues tout au long de la vie.
Revisiter la question du dialogue au coeur des fondements théoriques de l’Apprentissage Transformateur
Authors: Hébrard Pierre 
Published: December 2018

Parmi les fondements de l’apprentissage transformateur, deux thèmes étroitement reliés entre eux me semblent à revisiter d’une façon critique : d’une part, la notion de dialogue dans un espace de discussion, inspiré de l’espace public habermassien, et d’autre part les limites de la rationalité dans les activités discursives. Quels éclairages nouveaux sur les fondements théoriques du construit d’apprentissage transformateur (AT) peuvent apporter les travaux d’auteurs qui ont abordé la question du dialogue dans les champs de la philosophie politique et de la philosophie du langage ? Quelles conséquences peut-on en tirer pour la pratique de l’AT ?
In vivo antioxidant activity of mackerel (Scomber japonicus) muscle protein hydrolysate
Authors: Bashir Khawaja Muhammad Imran , Mohibbullah Md. , An Jeong Hyeon , Choi Ji-Yeon , Hong Yong-Ki , Sohn Jae Hak , Kim Jin-Soo , Choi Jae-Suk 
Published: December 2018

Pacific chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) is an important fish throughout the world, especially in East Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Japan. Protein hydrolysates from marine sources are commonly used as nutritional supplements, functional ingredients, and flavor enhancers in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries. Antioxidants isolated from fish are relatively easy to prepare, are cost effective, and have no reported side effects. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the in vivo antioxidant activities of mackerel muscle protein hydrolysate (MMPH) prepared using Protamex. The in vivo bioactivities of MMPH were investigated in alcoholic fatty liver mice (C57BL/6). Serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were comparable in test and control mice, whereas serum triglyceride and lipid peroxidation levels significantly (p < 0.05; p < 0.001) decreased after administration of MMPH (100–500 mg kg−1), especially at a concentration of 100 mg kg−1. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction in xanthine oxidase activity was observed in all groups treated with MMPH (100–500 mg kg−1), as compared with the control group. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity/protein expression and regulated catalase (CAT) activity/protein expression levels were observed in groups administered MMPH (100–500 mg kg−1), especially at a concentration of 100 mg kg−1. These results show that the abundant amino acids of S. japonicus play an important role in the cytosol of the liver cells by directly participating in the expression of xanthine oxidase and the detoxifying SOD and CAT proteins, thereby enhancing antioxidant ability and ultimately, inhibiting lipid peroxidation. This study demonstrated that muscle protein hydrolysate from S. japonicus has strong antioxidant activities.
Immunohistochemical Study of Four Fish Tumors
Authors: Iaria C. , Ieni A. , Corti I. , Puleio R. , Brachelente C. , Mazzullo G. , Lanteri G. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The present study supports the usefulness of ancillary techniques, such as immunohistochemistry, as a valid diagnostic tool in the field of fish oncology. The immunohistochemical patterns observed in four neoplasms on four individual teleosts belonging to different species are described. Cytokeratin, vimentin, actin, S100, calretinin, and Melan-A antibodies were used. Diagnoses of papilloma in a Bream Abramis brama, fibroma in a Sand Steenbras Lithognathus mormyrus, schwannoma in a Crucian Carp Carassius carassius, and melanoma in a spontaneously inbred Xiphophorus hybrid were made. Diagnosis of tumors in fish is not always easy to carry out, and the tool provided by antibodies used on mammalian tissue is essential for obtaining definitive, unambiguous, and inexpensive identification.
Estimating range expansion of wildlife in heterogeneous landscapes: A spatially explicit state‐space matrix model coupled with an improved numerical integration technique
Authors: Osada Yutaka , Kuriyama Takeo , Asada Masahiko , Yokomizo Hiroyuki , Miyashita Tadashi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDispersal as well as population growth is a key demographic process that determines population dynamics. However, determining the effects of environmental covariates on dispersal from spatial‐temporal abundance proxy data is challenging owing to the complexity of model specification for directional dispersal permeability and the extremely high computational loads for numerical integration. In this paper, we present a case study estimating how environmental covariates affect the dispersal of Japanese sika deer by developing a spatially explicit state‐space matrix model coupled with an improved numerical integration technique (Markov chain Monte Carlo with particle filters). In particular, we explored the environmental drivers of inhomogeneous range expansion, characteristic of animals with short dispersal. Our model framework successfully reproduced the complex population dynamics of sika deer, including rapid changes in densely populated areas and distribution fronts within a decade. Furthermore, our results revealed that the inhomogeneous range expansion of sika deer seemed to be primarily caused by the dispersal process (i.e., movement barriers in fragmented forests) rather than population growth. Our state‐space matrix model enables the inference of population dynamics for a broad range of organisms, even those with low dispersal ability, in heterogeneous landscapes, and could address many pressing issues in conservation biology and ecosystem management.
In vitro protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibition and antioxidant property of different onion peel cultivars: A comparative study
Authors: Yang Su Jin , Paudel Pradeep , Shrestha Srijan , Seong Su Hui , Jung Hyun Ah , Choi Jae Sue 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present study was a comparative investigation of water and 70% ethanol extracts derived from yellow and red onion (Allium cepa L.) peels against diabetes and diabetic complications. The total phenolic contents (TPCs) and total flavonoid contents (TFCs) of each cultivar, measured to assess phytochemical characteristics, showed a direct correlation with the in vitro antioxidant effects. Among the two captives, the yellow onion peel extract showed higher antioxidant activity than red one. However, all extracts exhibited significant protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity (IC50; 0.30–0.86 μg/ml), showing water extracts more potent (IC50; approximately 0.3 μg/mL), than the 70% ethanol extracts (IC50; approximately 0.8 μg/ml). Similarly, in insulin‐resistant HepG2 cells, all extracts enhanced the glucose uptake and reduced the expression of PTP1B in a concentration‐dependent manner, water extract displaying better activity. Our results overall suggest that in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials vary among red and yellow cultivars and extracting solvents, which could therefore be a promising strategy to prevent diabetes and associated complications.
Agrarian landscapes in the Iberian Iron Age: Mountain communities and land use in southeastern Iberia
Authors: González Reyero Susana , Sánchez‐Palencia Francisco Javier , López‐Sáez José Antonio , Pérez‐Díaz Sebastián , Ruiz‐Alonso Mónica , Romero Perona Damián , Vallés Iriso Javier , Álvarez‐Ayuso Esther 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAgrarian landscapes are among the least understood features of first millennium B.C. societies in the western Mediterranean. Studies of such landscapes in the context of the Iberian Iron Age have been based essentially on the archeological record in places used for purposes other than farming, particularly settlements and areas reserved for burials and rituals, or on the identification of the possible use of fertilizers. Here we present a multiproxy analysis of an agrarian landscape based on geoarchaeological and paleoenvironmental studies in a mountainous region in southeastern Iberia. The findings confirmed the existence of farmland cultivated as early as the first millennium B.C. in the high Jutia Valley in the Spanish province of Albacete. These results suggest that coordinated analyses can be highly useful for identifying enduring agricultural practices, while contributing to a fuller understanding of western Mediterranean agrarian landscapes and their millenarian resilience, attributable to the coevolution of human communities and the environment.
A multianalytical approach for identifying a manganese source for the black pigment of the Chinchorro mortuary palette
Authors: Van Hoesen John , Arriaza Bernardo , Ryan Peter , Grady C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe primary goal of this study was to characterize and evaluate the potential origins of manganese‐based paint used to decorate the Chinchorro mummies of northern Chile. We sampled small painted fragments from the trunk of two black mummies and nine samples from the cranium/face of the red mummies. In addition, we sampled manganese‐bearing rocks from the Lauca and Huaylas Formations exposed in the Altiplano, approximately 80–90 km northeast of Arica, Chile. Using scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and oxygen isotopic data, we propose these two formations are the likely source of manganese used by the Chinchorro culture to create their distinctive mortuary paint. However, the processes by which they collected and transported the raw material are still unclear. It is possible that Chinchorro traveled to the Altiplano, but a more likely cost‐benefit scenario is that manganese‐rich clasts were transported to lower elevations via rivers fed by seasonal rain and snowmelt.
Erosion of archaeological sites: Quantifying the threat using optically stimulated luminescence and fallout isotopes
Authors: Huisman Hans , de Kort Jan‐Willem , Ketterer Michael E. , Reimann Tony , Schoorl Jeroen M. , van der Heiden Menno , van Soest Maud , van Egmond Fenny 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlthough visible evidence shows that erosion has damaged many archaeological sites, especially when tilled, there has hitherto been scant attention to its quantitative assessment. Accordingly, the archaeology communities lack insight into whether long‐term threats to the stability and integrity of soils at these sites allow these cultural repositories to be preserved for future human generations. Of the techniques that are available to measure erosion rates, few have been tested on the timescales needed. We selected three archaeological sites with high expected erosion rates. We combined optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating with analyses of radioactive fallout isotope distributions to assess erosion patterns and rates. An age–depth representation of OSL single‐aliquot results was developed to determine past erosion, and to identify stable land surfaces on centennial to millennia timescales. Fall‐out isotopes of cesium (Cs) and plutonium (Pu) were suitable for shorter timescales: The 240Pu/239Pu ratios and a correlation between activities of 239+240Pu and 137Cs demonstrated the weapons testing fallout origin of these isotopes in the ~1952–1966 timeframe. Erosion rates in recent decades ranged from 2 to 6 mm/year on the studied sites. Our results indicate that erosion is not only tied to the past, but keeps on threatening archaeological sites.
Blind test evaluation of consistency in macroscopic lithic raw material sorting
Authors: Agam Aviad , Wilson Lucy 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMost archaeological lithic raw material studies depend upon a macroscopic classification. However, since the human eye is a limited tool, some inconsistencies in classification may arise. Thus, a process for evaluating and increasing the reliability of macroscopic classification is needed. We present the results of a blind test designed to evaluate consistency in macroscopic lithic materials analysis, based on archaeological material taken from the Acheulo‐Yabrudian site Qesem Cave (Israel), focusing on interobserver error, aimed at identifying consistencies and weaknesses within our own study scheme. Twelve students, with various degrees of experience and familiarity with the Qesem material, sorted 100 randomly selected flint pieces into flint types, based on a previously established database, after a brief tutorial process. In addition, the authors, LW and AA, performed the same test. We then compared the results, using LW's results as an anchor. Our results show that experience affects the consistency in classification, demonstrating that it is an acquired skill. Furthermore, the blind test allowed us to identify weaknesses within the classification scheme. We suggest that blind tests should be regularly used to check accuracy and reproducibility of results and to assess the definitions set by the analyst, allowing fine‐tuning and calibration of the classification process.
Origin site‐based staging system of sinonasal inverted papilloma for application to endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Meng Yifan , Fang Gaoli , Wang Xiangdong , Song Xiaohong , Wang Kuiji , Lou Hongfei , She Wenyu , Qin Long , Lv Mei , Zhang Tao , Yuan Tiejun , Tao Yanli , Meng Xun , Zhang Luo , Wang Chengshuo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to assess the recurrence risk of sinonasal inverted papillomas (SNIPs), based on a staging system developed according to the originating site of SNIP.MethodsA total of 200 patients with SNIP were enrolled, and a staging system was developed based on the originating sites and corresponding recurrence rates of tumor in the patients. In the verification phase, 675 patients with SNIPs were enrolled as above, and the originating sites of the SNIPs were confirmed by an endoscopic sinus surgery. Cluster analysis was performed to determine the stage for each SNIP.ResultsOverall, 608 patients completed the study. SNIP recurrence rates for stages 1‐4 were 0 (n = 43), 4.0% (n = 420), 13.4% (n = 134), 36.4% (n = 11), respectively (total = 6.4%).ConclusionsThe origin site‐based classification of SNIP may aid surgeons in selecting appropriate endoscopic surgical approaches to minimize the risk of recurrence.