bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atrophy of the central neuroretina in patients treated for diabetic macular edema
Authors: Karst Sonja G. , Schuster Magdalena , Mitsch Christoph , Meyer Elias L. , Kundi Michael , Scholda Christoph , Schmidt‐Erfurth Ursula M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeTo examine the prevalence of central retinal atrophy in patients treated for diabetic macular edema (DME) in a clinical setting.MethodsRetrospective data analysis of patients with DME, focusing on those who developed central retinal thinning after DME treatment at the Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Vienna. Patient characteristics and clinical data including best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spectral domain optical coherence tomography and fluorescence angiography images were reviewed and DME treatment strategies analysed using descriptive statistics. The correlation between visual acuity and ocular, systemic or DME treatment factors was calculated using linear regression models and ancovas.ResultsA total of 6684 outpatient visits by 1437 patients with diabetes were analysed. Out of 149 patients, who had had a central subfield thickness (CST) below 200 μm, 32 (36 eyes) had previously been diagnosed with a centre involving DME with an average CST of 473 ± 103 μm and average visual acuity of 0.62 ± 0.44 logMAR at first presentation. At the time of central atrophy, 29 (81%) out of 36 eyes had a history of laser treatment, 11 (31%) a vitrectomy, 32 (88%) repeated intravitreal injections of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; mean 5.3 ± 3.8) and 22 (61%) intravitreal corticosteroid injections (mean 2.5 ± 2.7). Visual function (0.67 ± 0.43 logMAR) at the time of atrophy was not significantly correlated to central retinal thickness (191 ± 7 μm) or any other ocular, systemic or treatment factors.ConclusionsOnly 4% of patients treated for DME developed central retinal thinning in our observation period. On average, our atrophy patients had higher CST and lower BCVA when they first presented with DME compared to the overall DME cohort, and they received a combination of intravitreal injections and laser for DME treatment. Central retinal atrophy might not be attributed to excessive use of intravitreally applied anti‐VEGF or any other DME therapy alone.
Distinct brain representations of processed and unprocessed foods
Authors: Coricelli Carol , Toepel Ulrike , Notter Marie‐Laure , Murray Micah M. , Rumiati Raffaella I. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAmong all of the stimuli surrounding us, food is arguably the most rewarding for the essential role it plays in our survival. In previous visual recognition research, it has already been demonstrated that the brain not only differentiates edible stimuli from non‐edible stimuli but also is endowed with the ability to detect foods’ idiosyncratic properties such as energy content. Given the contribution of the cooked diet to human evolution, in the present study we investigated whether the brain is sensitive to the level of processing food underwent, based solely on its visual appearance. We thus recorded visual evoked potentials (VEPs) from normal‐weight healthy volunteers who viewed color images of unprocessed and processed foods equated in caloric content. Results showed that VEPs and underlying neural sources differed as early as 130 ms post‐image onset when participants viewed unprocessed versus processed foods, suggesting a within‐category early discrimination of food stimuli. Responses to unprocessed foods engaged the inferior frontal and temporal regions and the premotor cortices. In contrast, viewing processed foods led to the recruitment of occipito‐temporal cortices bilaterally, consistently with other motivationally relevant stimuli. This is the first evidence of diverging brain responses to food as a function of the transformation undergone during its preparation that provides insights on the spatiotemporal dynamics of food recognition.
Simulation of Flow in a Complex Aquifer System Subjected to Long‐Term Well Network Growth
Authors: Liao Hua‐Sheng , Curtis Zachary K , Sampath Prasanna Venkatesh , Li Shu‐Guang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn west‐central Lower Peninsula of Michigan, population growth and expanded agricultural activities over recent decades have resulted in significant increases in distributed groundwater withdrawals. The growth of the extensive well network and anecdotes of water shortages (dry wells) have raised concerns over the region's groundwater sustainability. We developed an unsteady, three‐dimensional (3D) groundwater flow model to describe system dynamics over the last 50 years and evaluate long‐term impacts of groundwater use. Simulating this large aquifer system was challenging; the site is characterized by strong, spatially distributed, and statistically nonstationary heterogeneity, making it difficult to avoid over‐parameterization using traditional approaches for conceptualizing and calibrating a flow model. Moreover, traditional pumping and water level data were lacking and prohibitively expensive to collect given the large‐scale and long‐term nature of this study. An integrated, stochastic‐deterministic approach was developed to characterize the system and calibrate the flow model through innovative use of high‐density water well datasets. This approached allowed (1) implementation of a “zone‐based,” nonstationary stochastic approach to conceptualize complex spatial variability using a small set of geologic material types; (2) modeling the spatiotemporal evolution of many water well withdrawals across several decades using sector‐based parameterization; and (3) critical analysis of long‐term water level changes at different locations in the aquifer system for characterizing the system dynamics and calibrating the model. Results show the approach is reasonably successful in calibrating a complex model for a highly complex site in a way that honors complex distributed heterogeneity and stress configurations.
Safety and effectiveness of lusutrombopag in Japanese chronic liver disease patients with thrombocytopenia undergoing invasive procedures: Interim results of a postmarketing surveillance
Authors: Sasaki Ritsue , Shiino Chikako , Imawari Michio , Bentley Roy , Cai Bin , Yoshida Manami , Afdhal Nezam 
Published: June 2019

AimLusutrombopag is approved for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in chronic liver disease patients undergoing invasive procedures. This real‐world surveillance assesses the safety and effectiveness of lusutrombopag in Japan.MethodsThis ongoing, multicenter, prospective, real‐world surveillance is collecting data from case report forms between October 2016 and May 2021. Interim data up to September 2018 were used to evaluate safety (adverse events and adverse drug reactions [ADRs]) and effectiveness (proportion of patients avoiding preoperative platelet transfusion and change in platelet count from baseline).ResultsThe safety analysis set included 331 patients. The mean baseline platelet count was 46.2 ± 13.7 × 109/L. Of 377 invasive procedures, radiofrequency ablation (110 procedures, 29.2%) was the most frequent. The mean time from starting lusutrombopag treatment to invasive procedure was 12.3 days. Incidences of serious adverse events and ADRs were 8.76% and 3.32%, respectively. Six cases (1.81%) of portal vein thrombosis were considered serious adverse events; of these, four cases (1.21%) were classified as serious ADRs. Of 300 patients who underwent an invasive procedure (excluding those with platelet transfusion refractoriness), 282 (94.0%) avoided preoperative platelet transfusion. In patients with platelet measurements before and after lusutrombopag administration who did not undergo platelet transfusion, the mean maximum change in platelet count from baseline was 41.7 ± 31.4 × 109/L (range, −6 to 276; n = 286). All patients receiving second (n = 20) and third (n = 1) treatments avoided preoperative platelet transfusion without developing any ADRs.ConclusionsThis real‐world surveillance further supports the safety and effectiveness of lusutrombopag in patients with chronic liver disease undergoing invasive procedures.
Co‐producing knowledge of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI) health‐care inequalities via rapid reviews of grey literature in 27 EU Member States
Authors: Sherriff Nigel , Zeeman Laetitia , McGlynn Nick , Pinto Nuno , Hugendubel Katrin , Mirandola Massimo , Gios Lorenzo , Davis Ruth , Donisi Valeria , Farinella Francesco , Amaddeo Francesco , Costongs Caroline , Browne Kath ,   the Health4LGBTI Network
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe health inequalities experienced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI) people are well documented with several reviews of global research summarizing key inequalities. These reviews also show how the health‐care needs of LGBTI people are often poorly understood whilst suggesting that targeted initiatives to reduce inequalities should involve LGBTI people.ObjectivesTo determine what is known about the health‐care inequalities faced by LGBTI people? What are the barriers faced by LGBTI people whilst accessing health care, and health professionals when providing care? What examples of promising practice exist?DesignRapid reviews of grey literature were co‐produced with LGBTI people in 27 countries followed by a thematic analysis and synthesis across all data sets. The review included grey literature from each country that might not otherwise be accessible due to language barriers.Main resultsRapid reviews showed that LGBTI people faced various inequalities and barriers whilst accessing health care. Where heterosexuality, binary gender and assumed male/female sex characteristics were upheld as the norm, and where LGBTI people differed from these norms, discrimination could result. In consultations where LGBTI people feared discrimination and did not disclose their LGBTI status, health professionals lacked the information required for appropriate assessments.ConclusionWith greater understanding of sexual orientation (LGB people), gender identity (trans people) and sex characteristics (intersex people), combined with access to contemporary knowledge and training, health professionals can work in collaboration with researchers, policymakers and LGBTI people to develop systems that are better attuned to the needs of all service users.
A systematic review of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on P3b
Authors: Kao Shih‐Chun , Cadenas‐Sanchez Cristina , Shigeta Tatsuya T. , Walk Anne M. , Chang Yu‐Kai , Pontifex Matthew B. , Hillman Charles H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGiven accumulating evidence indicating that acute and chronic physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are related to modulation of the P3b‐ERP component, this systematic review provides an overview of the field across the last 30+ years and discusses future directions as the field continues to develop. A systematic review was conducted on studies of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on P3b. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from database inception to March 28, 2018. Search results were limited to peer‐reviewed and English‐written studies investigating typically developed individuals. Seventy‐two studies were selected, with 39 studies examining cross‐sectional relationships between chronic physical activity (n = 19) and cardiorespiratory fitness (n = 20) with P3b, with 16 and 17 studies reporting associations of P3b with physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness, respectively. Eight studies investigated the effects of chronic physical activity interventions, and all found effects on P3b. Eight studies investigating P3b during acute bouts of physical activity showed inconsistent results. Nineteen of 23 studies demonstrated acute modulation of P3b following exercise cessation. Conclusions drawn from this systematic review suggest that physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with P3b modulation during cognitive control and attention tasks. Acute and chronic physical activity interventions modulate the P3b component, suggesting short‐ and long‐term functional adaptations occurring in the brain to support cognitive processes. These summary findings suggest physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are beneficial to brain function and that P3b may serve as a biomarker of covert attentional processes to better understand the relationship of physical activity and cognition.
Classification and influencing factors analysis of facial skin color in Chinese population
Authors: Wang Lixia , Wan Xiaoxia , Xiao Gensheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundSubjective evaluation and quantitative analysis of skin color are very important both in dermatology and in cosmetology, but results of existing objective classifications tend to be incompatible to visual perception of skin color among females and males in China.MethodsSkin color at four facial skin sites was measured in 409 volunteers with 219 males and 190 females aged 20‐79 years. Ten observers with normal color vision assessed facial skin color of 205 subjects. The relationship between visual scores and Chardon's individual typology angle (ITA°) values was investigated. Then, the variations of color in different sub‐groups were comprehensively discussed by skin color data of 409 volunteers.ResultsIn order to better characterize Chinese skin color, the redness parameter must be added into the ITA formula. By comparing skin color of Chinese living in different environments or with different lifestyles, some factors not conducive to brightening skin have been identified.ConclusionThis study indicated the different influence of skin color components on perceived brightness between Caucasian and Chinese. And skin color was significantly affected by related variables such as gender, age, working environment, and lifestyles. Therefore, this study suggests how to brighten skin color in daily life.
Reference interval estimation of small sample sizes: A methodologic comparison using a computer‐simulation study
Authors: Le Boedec Kevin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAccording to the ASVCP and other guidelines, samples should comprise at least 120 individuals for reference interval (RI) estimation. Unfortunately, this minimum sample size is difficult to achieve in veterinary medicine. Several statistical methods are described to determine RIs from small sample sizes, but it is unclear which method provides the best accuracy.ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare statistical strategies for estimating RIs and determine which strategy best enhances accuracy when the sample size is between 20 and 120.MethodsDifferent sample size groups (n = 120, 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20) were randomly selected 50 times from simulated Gaussian, log‐normal, and left‐skewed populations of 5000 total values. RIs were calculated using seven different statistical strategies comprising robust, parametric, nonparametric, and bootstrap methods, alone or in combination. RI accuracy was compared among these strategies at each sample size. The strategy that was significantly more accurate than others in the largest number of comparisons was considered as the one that best‐enhanced RI accuracy.ResultsThe strategies that best‐enhanced RI accuracy included using the parametric method when the Shapiro‐Wilk P > 0.2 and, otherwise, using the nonparametric method to determine the upper and lower RI limits when there were between 60 and 100 reference individuals, and finding the lower RI limit when there were 40 reference individuals. The Box‐Cox transformation parametric method best‐enhanced RI accuracy of the upper RI limit when there were 40 reference individuals, and the nonparametric method best‐enhanced RI accuracy of both RI limits when there were 20 reference individuals.ConclusionsUsing the parametric method when the Shapiro‐Wilk P > 0.2, and the nonparametric method in other instances, will likely enhance RI accuracy when there are between 40 and 100 reference individuals. For smaller samples, the nonparametric method might be preferred.
Hydroxyethyl starches in equine medicine
Authors: van Galen Gaby , Hallowell Gayle 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo review and discuss the use of hydroxyethyl starches (HES) in equine veterinary medicine, and to provide recommendations for its use.Data sourcesVeterinary and human peer‐reviewed medical literature including scientific reviews, meta‐analyses, and original research articles.Human data synthesisIncreasing evidences on adverse effects after HES use and decreasing support for beneficial effects with regards to volume expansion and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) support in critically ill subjects have led to a recent guideline to limit the use of HES in critically ill people.Equine veterinary data synthesisThe rationale for HES use in horses is mainly extrapolated from human medicine, and very limited studies in horses are available. There is limited evidence suggesting a superiority of volume expansion effects of HES over crystalloids. The potential for HES to increase and maintain COP is well supported, but there is no evidence that maintaining or increasing plasma COP influences outcome, tissue edema formation, or rates of complications that potentially relate to edema formation. HES induce dose–dependent changes in coagulopathic parameters, but there is no evidence that HES causes clinical coagulopathies. Insufficient data are available on other adverse effects such as acute kidney injury, or mortality in horses. The use of HES should be restricted in septic patients, but may still have some use in cases of hemorrhagic shock resuscitation, hypoalbuminemia, or perioperative fluid replacement.ConclusionThe evidence supporting the use of HES in horses is weak due to lack of species‐specific investigations. Acknowledging species differences, the use of HES should be judicious, yet with some recognition of its benefits in particular cases. More research is necessary to improve knowledge on use of HES in horses and to establish better future recommendations.
Experiences of adult patients with chronic non-communicable disease using electronic personal health records for self-management: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Eastway Julia , Lizarondo Lucylynn 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:The objective of the systematic review is to explore adult patients’ experiences using electronic personal health records (e-PHRs) for chronic non-communicable disease self-management.Introduction:Self-management is a key component of chronic disease management. One of the strategies to support self-management in patients with chronic disease is the use of e-PHRs. Electronic personal health records offer patients the opportunity to actively engage with their own health information, promote continuity of care and collaboration through disease tracking, and provide patients and providers with an ongoing connection. To adopt e-PHRs and maximize any benefits for chronic disease management, they should align with patients’ values and preferences.Inclusion criteria:The review will include qualitative studies that explore the experiences of adult patients (aged 18 years and over) with a chronic non-communicable disease who have used e-PHR for the self-management of their condition. This review will consider studies conducted in any setting or country.Methods:The systematic review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence, with meta-aggregation as the method of synthesis. Published studies will be searched in CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and Scopus. Gray literature will also be considered. Critical appraisal and data extraction will be conducted using the appropriate JBI tools. Extracted data will be aggregated and analyzed to produce a set of synthesized findings that can be used to develop evidence-informed recommendations for the use of e-PHRs in chronic disease self-management.Systematic review registration number:PROSPERO CRD42019133301
Achieved oxygen saturations and retinopathy of prematurity in extreme preterms
Authors: Gantz Marie G , Carlo Waldemar A , Finer Neil N , Rich Wade , Faix Roger G , Yoder Bradley A , Walsh Michele C , Newman Nancy S , Laptook Abbott , Schibler Kurt , Das Abhik , Higgins Rosemary D 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo identify achieved oxygen saturations (SpO2) associated with increased risk of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).DesignThis is a secondary analysis of the Surfactant Positive Airway Pressure and Pulse Oximetry Trial (SUPPORT)randomised controlled trial. SpO2was recorded up to 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age. Saturations through 9 postnatal weeks were explored graphically, and logistic regression models were created to predict severe ROP.Setting20 centres of theEunice Kennedy ShriverNational Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network.Patients984 surviving infants of 24–27 weeks’ gestational age born in 2005–2009.InterventionsSUPPORT targeted SpO2to a lower (85%–89%) or higher (91%–95%) range through 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age or off respiratory support.Main outcome measuresSevere ROP defined as threshold ROP, ophthalmological surgery or bevacizumab treatment.ResultsThere were statistically significant interactions between duration of oxygen supplementation and percentage of time in certain achieved saturation ranges. Specifically, for infants who spent at least 2 weeks on oxygen in postnatal weeks 1–5, a higher percentage of time at 91%–96% SpO2was associated with increased odds of severe ROP. For infants who spent at least 3 weeks on oxygen in postnatal weeks 6–9, a higher percentage of time at 97%–100% SpO2was associated with increased odds of severe ROP. Other significant risk factors were lower gestational age and birth weight, non-Hispanic white versus black race, prospectively defined severe illness, late-onset sepsis or meningitis, and clinical centre.ConclusionsAmong extremely preterm survivors to discharge, the association between SpO2and severe ROP depended on the timing and duration of oxygen supplementation.
Congenital duodenal obstruction in the UK: a population-based study
Authors: Bethell George Stephen , Long Anna-May , Knight Marian , Hall Nigel J 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveCongenital duodenal obstruction (CDO) comprising duodenal atresia or stenosis is a rare congenital anomaly requiring surgical correction in early life. Identification of variation in surgical and postoperative practice in previous studies has been limited by small sample sizes. This study aimed to prospectively estimate the incidence of CDO in the UK, and report current management strategies and short-term outcomes.DesignProspective population-based, observational study for 12 months from March 2016.SettingSpecialist neonatal surgical units in the UK.Main outcome measuresIncidence of CDO, associated anomalies and short-term outcomes.ResultsIn total, 110 cases were identified and data forms were returned for 103 infants giving an estimated incidence of 1.22 cases per 10 000 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.49) live births. Overall, 59% of cases were suspected antenatally and associated anomalies were seen in 69%. Operative repair was carried out mostly by duodenoduodenostomy (76%) followed by duodenojejunostomy (15%). Postoperative feeding practice varied with 42% having a trans-anastomotic tube placed and 88% receiving parenteral nutrition. Re-operation rate related to the initial procedure was 3% within 28 days. Two infants died within 28 days of operation from unrelated causes.ConclusionThis population-based study of CDO has shown that the majority of infants have associated anomalies. There is variation in postoperative feeding strategies which represent opportunities to explore the effects of these on outcome and potentially standardise approach. Short-term outcomes are generally good.