bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of neurotrophic keratopathy with minimally invasive corneal neurotisation: long-term clinical outcomes and evidence of corneal reinnervation
Authors: Catapano Joseph , Fung Simon S M , Halliday William , Jobst Cecilia , Cheyne Douglas , Ho Emily S , Zuker Ronald M , Borschel Gregory H , Ali Asim 
Published: February 2019

AimTo report clinical outcomes and evidence of corneal innervation in patients with neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) treated with minimally invasive corneal neurotisation (MICN) using a sural nerve graft and donor sensory nerves from the face.MethodsPatients undergoing MICN at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada were prospectively recruited. Data on central corneal sensation (CCS, measured with Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and corneal epithelial integrity were collected. In four patients who subsequently underwent keratoplasty, immunohistochemical analysis was performed on the corneal explants. One patient underwent magnetoencephalography (MEG) after MICN to characterise the neurophysiological pathways involved.ResultsBetween November 2012 and February 2017, 19 eyes of 16 patients underwent MICN. Mean follow-up was 24.0±16.1 months (range, 6–53). Mean CCS significantly improved from 0.8±2.5 mm to 49.7±15.5 mm at final follow-up (p<0.001). Mean BCVA remained stable, and the number of episodes of corneal epithelial defects after MICN was significantly reduced compared with the year leading up to the procedure (21% vs 89%, respectively; p<0.0001). In the four eyes that underwent keratoplasties after MICN, all transplants fully re-epithelialised and regained sensation subsequently. Immunohistochemistry of the corneal explants demonstrated evidence of corneal reinnervation. In one patient who was 8 months after MICN, novel neuroactivity was detected on MEG in the ipsilateral somatosensory cortex on mechanical stimulation of the reinnervated cornea.ConclusionsBy providing an alternative source of innervation, MICN improves corneal sensation and stabilises the corneal epithelium, permitting optical keratoplasty for patients with NK-related corneal opacity.
Decreased contrast sensitivity at high altitude
Authors: Gekeler Katrin , Schatz Andreas , Fischer Manuel Dominik , Schommer Kai , Boden Katrin , Bartz-Schmidt Karl Ulrich , Gekeler Florian , Willmann Gabriel 
Published: February 2019

Background/aimsThe aim of this study was to investigate a change in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity (CS) during high altitude exposure in healthy subjects due to the effects of hypobaric hypoxia. This study is related to the Tübingen High Altitude Ophthalmology study.MethodsVisual acuity and Weber CS were tested monocularly using the Freiburger Visual Acuity and Contrast Test under standardised conditions in 14 healthy subjects at high altitude at the Capanna Margherita (4559 m, Italy) and compared with baseline measurements in Tübingen (341 m, Germany). Intraindividual differences between baseline and follow-up examinations were calculated by multivariate analysis of variance for repeated measures. Clinical parameters of peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) as well as scores for acute mountain sickness (AMS) were correlated to psychophysical tests by Pearson’s correlation coefficient.ResultsA significant decrease in CS with a mean effect size of −0.13 logCS was found for Weber CS (day 1=−0.16±0.22, p=0.01; day 2=−0.10±0.2, p=0.049; day 3=−0.12±0.19, p=0.03) at high altitude compared with baseline. Visual acuity remained unchanged. Decreased CS correlated with SpO2 (r=0.53, p=0.046) but not with HR (r=− 0.16, p=0.59) and occurred irrespective of AMS at high altitude.ConclusionHigh altitude exposure leads to decreased CS. Changes occur independent of AMS. This finding is of clinical importance to trekkers and mountaineers exposed to high altitude as visual processing in particular under mesopic conditions at dusk and dawn is altered. Furthermore, it provides novel insight into hypoxia related changes in CS function.
Philadelphia Telemedicine Glaucoma Detection and Follow-up Study: confirmation between eye screening and comprehensive eye examination diagnoses
Authors: Hark Lisa A , Myers Jonathan S , Ines Andrew , Jiang Alicia , Rahmatnejad Kamran , Zhan Tingting , Leiby Benjamin E , Hegarty Sarah , Fudemberg Scott J , Mantravadi Anand V , Waisbourd Michael , Henderer Jeffrey D , Burns Christine , Divers Meskerem , Molineaux Jeanne , Pizzi Laura T , Murchison Ann P , Saaddine Jinan , Pasquale Louis R , Haller Julia A , Katz L Jay 
Published: February 2019

AimsTo evaluate agreement between ocular findings of a telemedicine eye screening (visit 1) with diagnoses of a comprehensive eye examination (visit 2).MethodsA primary care practice (PCP)–based telemedicine screening programme incorporating fundus photography, intraocular pressure (IOP) and clinical information was conducted. Eligible individuals were African American, Hispanic/Latino or Asian over the age of 40; Caucasian individuals over age 65; and adults of any ethnicity over age 40 with a family history of glaucoma or diabetes. Participants with abnormal images or elevated IOP were invited back for a complete eye examination. Both visit 1 and visit 2 were conducted at participants’ local PCP. Ocular findings at visit 1 and eye examination diagnoses at visit 2 are presented, including a cost analysis.ResultsOf 906 participants who attended visit 1, 536 were invited to visit 2 due to ocular findings or unreadable images. Among the 347 (64.9%) who attended visit 2, 280 (80.7%) were diagnosed with at least one ocular condition. Participants were predominately women (59.9%) and African American (65.6%), with a mean age (±SD) of 60.6±11.0 years. A high diagnostic confirmation rate (86.0%) was found between visit 1 and visit 2 for any ocular finding. Of 183 with suspicious nerves at visit 1, 143 (78.1%) were diagnosed as glaucoma or glaucoma suspects at visit 2.ConclusionsThis screening model may be adapted and scaled nationally and internationally. Referral to an ophthalmologist is warranted if abnormal or unreadable fundus images are detected or IOP is >21 mm Hg.Trial registration numberNCT02390245.
Arterial flow patterns in healthy transitioning near-term neonates
Authors: Stritzke Amelie , Murthy Prashanth , Kaur Sharandeep , Kuret Verena , Liang Zhiying , Howell Sarah , Tyberg John V 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveSignificant haemodynamic changes occur at delivery impacting organ blood flow distribution. We aimed to characterise Doppler indices patterns over time in three different organs (brain, gut and kidney) and test them as measures of vascular resistance.DesignObservational cohort study. Serial Doppler interrogations of the anterior cerebral, superior mesenteric and renal arteries within 2 hours, 2–6, and 24 hours of life, in combination with central haemodynamic data.PatientsHealthy, near-term (>36 weeks of gestation) neonates.Outcome measuresPulsatility (PI) and Resistance Indices (RI) patterns and organ-specific conductances, detailed echocardiographic haemodynamic measures.ResultsTwenty-one babies were studied. Doppler morphology and adaptation patterns were distinctly different between the organs (brain, gut and kidney) supporting autonomous vascular regulatory effects. The PI differentiated especially between kidney and other organ flow consistently over time. PI and RI for all three organs decreased. The variance in organ conductance did not explain the variance in 1/PI, indicating that PI is not a measure of resistance. Superior mesenteric artery had the highest velocity with 72 cm/s. Non-invasively acquired pilot serial values in a normal population are given. Patent ductus arteriosus flow remained open at discharge for 36%.ConclusionsHaemodynamic transitioning patterns assessed by serial Dopplers in healthy near-term neonates differ in brain, gut and kidney: Doppler waveform morphology differs, and PI differentiates renal Doppler morphology, compared with the other organs. While PI and RI decline for all organs, they do not measure resistance. Brain artery velocity increases, mesenteric perfusion is variable and renal Vmax decreases.
Open-label trial of anterior limb of internal capsule–nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: insights gained
Authors: Huys Daniel , Kohl Sina , Baldermann Juan Carlos , Timmermann Lars , Sturm Volker , Visser-Vandewalle Veerle , Kuhn Jens 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundFor more than 15 years, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has served as a last-resort treatment for severe treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).MethodsFrom 2010 to 2016, 20 patients with OCD (10 men/10 women) were included in a single-centre trial with a naturalistic open-label design over 1 year to evaluate the effects of DBS in the anterior limb of the internal capsule and nucleus accumbens region (ALIC-NAcc) on OCD symptoms, executive functions, and personality traits.ResultsALIC-NAcc-DBS significantly decreased OCD symptoms (mean Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale reduction 33%, 40% full responders) and improves global functioning without loss of efficacy over 1 year. No significant changes were found in depressive or anxiety symptoms. Our study did not show any effect of ALIC-NAcc-DBS on personality traits or executive functions, and no potential outcome predictors were identified in a post hoc analysis. Other than several individual minor adverse events, ALIC-NAcc-DBS has been shown to be safe, but 35% of patients reported a sudden increase in anxiety and anhedonia after acute cessation of stimulation.ConclusionsWe conclude that ALIC-NAcc-DBS is a well-tolerated and promising last-resort treatment option for OCD. The cause of variability in the outcome remains unclear, and the aspect of reversibility must be examined critically. The present data from one of the largest samples of patients with OCD treated with DBS thus far support the results of previous studies with smaller samples.
Functional variant of the carboxypeptidase M (CPM) gene may affect silica-related pneumoconiosis susceptibility by its expression: a multistage case–control study
Authors: Chu Minjie , Wu Shuangshuang , Wang Wei , Yu Yuhui , Zhang Mingjiong , Sang Lingli , Tian Tian , Lu Yihua , Yuan Weiwei , Huang Qiqing , Yi Min , Gao Yuexia , Xiao Jing , Lian Yulong , Zhuang Xun , Zhang Zuo-Feng , Wu Jianqing 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesIn a genome-wide association study, we discovered chromosome 12q15 (defined as rs73329476) as a silica-related pneumoconiosis susceptibility region. However, the causal variants in this region have not yet been reported.MethodsWe systematically screened eight potentially functional single-neucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the genes near rs73329476 (carboxypeptidase M (CPM) and cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 6 (CPSF6)) in a case–control study including 177 cases with silicosis and 204 healthy controls, matched to cases with years of silica dust exposure. We evaluated the associations between these eight SNPs and the development of silicosis. Luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to test the effects of selected SNP on the activity ofCPMin the promoter. In addition, a two-stage case–control study was performed to investigate the expression differences of the two genes in peripheral blood leucocytes from a total of 64 cases with silicosis and 64 healthy controls with similar years of silica dust exposure as the cases.ResultsWe found a strong association between the mutant rs12812500 G allele and the susceptibility of silicosis (OR=1.45, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.04, p=0.034), while luciferase reporter gene assays indicated that the mutant G allele of rs12812500 is strongly associated with increased luciferase levels compared with the wild-type C allele (p<0.01). Moreover, the mRNA (peripheral blood leucocytes) expression of theCPMgene was significantly higher in subjects with silicosis compared with healthy controls.ConclusionsThe rs12812500 variant of theCPMgene may increase silicosis susceptibility by affecting the expression ofCPM, which may contribute to silicosis susceptibility with biological plausibility.
Acute postoperative pain is an independent predictor of chronic postsurgical pain following total knee arthroplasty at 6 months: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Buvanendran Asokumar , Della Valle Craig J , Kroin Jeffrey S , Shah Mahendra , Moric Mario , Tuman Kenneth J , McCarthy Robert J 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundApproximately 15% of patients report persistent knee pain despite surgical success following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to determine the association of acute-postsurgical pain (APSP) with chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) 6 months after TKA controlling for patient, surgical and psychological confounding factors.MethodsAdult patients with osteoarthritis undergoing primary elective tricompartmental TKA, with the operated knee the primary source of preoperative pain, were studied between March 2011 and February 2017. Patients received standard operative management and a perioperative multimodal analgesia regimen. The primary outcome was CPSP at 6 months. The primary variable of interest was the APSP (weighted mean pain score) for 72 hours postoperatively. Patient, surgical and psychological confounders were assessed using binary logistic regression.Results245 cases were analyzed. The incidence of CPSP was 14% (95% CI 10% to 19%). Median APSP values were 4.2 (2.2–5.0) in the CPSP group and 2.8 (1.8–3.7) without CPSP, difference 1.4 (95% CI 0.1 to 1.8, p=0.005). The unadjusted odds for CPSP with an increase of 1 in APSP was 1.46 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.87, p=0.002)). After multivariable risk adjustment, the OR for CPSP for an increase of 1 in the APSP was 1.53 (95% CI 1.12 to 2.09, p=0.008).ConclusionsAPSP is a risk factor for CPSP following TKA even after adjusting for confounding variables such as pain catastrophizing, anxiety, depression and functional status. Studies are needed to determine if APSP is a modifiable risk factor for the development of CPSP.
The crustal structure of the Himalaya: A synthesis
Authors: Priestley Keith , Ho Tak , Mitra Supriyo 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

This chapter examines the along-arc variation in the crustal structure of the Himalayan Mountain Range. Using results from published seismological studies, plus large teleseismic body-wave and surface-wave datasets which we analyse, we illustrate the along-arc variation by comparing the crustal properties beneath four representative areas of the Himalayan Mountain Range: the Western Syntaxis, the Garhwal–Kumaon, the Eastern Nepal–Sikkim, and the Bhutan–Northeastern India regions. The Western Syntaxis and the Bhutan–Northeastern India regions have a complicated structure extending far out in front of the main Range, whereas the Central Himalaya appear to have a much simpler structure. The deformation is more distributed beneath the western and eastern ends of the Range, but in general, the crust gradually thickens from
c.
40 km on the southern side of the Foreland Basin to
c.
80 km beneath the Tethys Himalaya. While the gross crustal structure of much of the Himalaya is becoming better known, our understanding of the internal structure of the Himalaya is still sketchy. The detailed geometry of the Main Himalayan Thrust and the role of the secondary structures on the underthrusting Indian Plate are yet to be characterized satisfactorily.
Multimodal Action of Mas Activation for Systemic Cancer Cachexia Therapy
Authors: Rupert Joseph E. , Koniaris Leonidas G. , Zimmers Teresa A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Cancer cachexia remains a largely intractable, deadly condition for patients with no approved, effective therapies. However, research progress over the past few decades demonstrates that cachexia is a disease with specific, targetable mechanisms. New work by Murphy and colleagues in this issue of Cancer Research suggests that activation of the alternative renin–angiotensin system with the nonpeptide Mas receptor agonist AVE 0991 holds promise for reducing muscle wasting in cancer. Their cell studies demonstrate on-target activity in skeletal muscle cells, whereas their mouse results suggest potentially more important systemic effects.
See related article by Murphy et al., p. 706
ATM Inhibition Sensitizes Tumors to High-Dose Irradiation
Authors: Hallahan Dennis 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Mechanistic studies of high-dose irradiation are important to improve our understanding on how the efficacy of stereotactically delivered high-dose irradiation can be enhanced by therapeutics such as ataxia-telangiesctasia–mutated (ATM) inhibitors. In this issue of Cancer Research, Torok and colleagues found that a single 15 Gy radiation dose eliminated lung tumor growth in mice when ATM was deleted in cancer cells versus when deleted in endothelial cells. These data support the establishment of clinical trials testing ATM inhibitors in combination with highly conformal radiotherapy or high-dose rate brachytherapy.
See related article by Torok et al., p. 773
Is There Etiologic Heterogeneity between Subtypes of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia? A Review of Variation in Risk by Subtype
Authors: Williams Lindsay A. , Yang Jun J. , Hirsch Betsy A. , Marcotte Erin L. , Spector Logan G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough substantial advances in the identification of cytogenomic subtypes of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have been made in recent decades, epidemiologic research characterizing the etiologic heterogeneity of ALL by subtype has not kept pace. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature concerning subtype-specific epidemiologic risk factor associations with ALL subtype defined by immunophenotype (e.g., B-cell vs. T-cell) and cytogenomics (including gross chromosomal events characterized by recurring numerical and structural abnormalities, along with cryptic balanced rearrangements, and focal gene deletions). In case–control analyses investigating nongenetic risk factors, home paint exposure is associated with hyperdiploid, MLL-rearranged, and ETV6-RUNX1 subtypes, yet there are few differences in risk factor associations between T- and B-ALL. Although the association between maternal smoking and ALL overall has been null, maternal smoking is associated with an increasing number of gene deletions among cases. GWAS-identified variants in ARID5B have been the most extensively studied and are strongly associated with hyperdiploid B-ALL. GATA3 single nucleotide variant rs3824662 shows a strong association with Ph-like ALL (OR = 3.14). However, there have been relatively few population-based studies of adequate sample size to uncover risk factors that may define etiologic heterogeneity between and within the currently defined cytogenomic ALL subtypes.
Renal Impairment Is Associated with Intracerebral Hemorrhage after Mechanical Thrombectomy in Vertebrobasilar Stroke
Authors: Laible Mona , Jenetzky Ekkehart , Möhlenbruch Markus A. , Neuberger Ulf , Bendszus Martin , Ringleb Peter A. , Rizos Timolaos 
Published: February 2019

<b><i>Background and Purpose:</i></b> Renal dysfunction (RD) is overall associated with unfavorable functional outcome and higher risk of mortality after acute ischemic stroke. Associations between RD and outcome in patients with acute vertebrobasilar stroke treated with thrombectomy have not been evaluated so far. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Consecutive patients with vertebrobasilar stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy between October 2010 and July 2017 at our center were analyzed. RD was defined as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) &#x3c; 60 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> at admission. Endpoints were (I) poor clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale &#x3e; 2) at 3 months, (II) 3-month mortality, and (III) intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) after treatment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, 106 patients were included. Median age was 73.0 years (interquartile range 62.0–80.0), and RD was present in 20.8%. Multivariate analysis revealed that RD was associated with a higher risk for any ICH (OR 3.54; 95% CI 1.09–11.49; <i>p</i> = 0.035). Stroke severity at onset predicted poor clinical outcome (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.03–1.14; <i>p</i> = 0.003). Neither low GFR nor any ICH, but stroke severity (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.03–1.14; <i>p</i> = 0.002) and poor recanalization results (OR 11.38; 95% CI 2.01–64.41; <i>p</i> = 0.006) were associated with a higher risk for mortality. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Patients with RD and acute vertebrobasilar stroke should be thoroughly monitored to prevent ICH after thrombectomy. Our results support performing mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke patients with large vessel occlusions of the posterior circulation, irrespective of their renal function.
Contemporary Discrepancies of Stenosis Assessment by Computed Tomography and Invasive Coronary Angiography
Authors: Song Young Bin , Arbab-Zadeh Armin , Matheson Matthew B. , Ostovaneh Mohammad R. , Vavere Andrea L. , Dewey Marc , Rochitte Carlos , Niinuma Hiroyuki , Laham Roger , Schuijf Joanne D. , Cox Christopher , Brinker Jeffrey , di Carli Marcelo , Lima João A.C. , Miller Julie M. 
Published: February 2019

Background
Ongoing advancements of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) continue to challenge the role of invasive coronary angiography (ICA) as the gold standard for the evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD). We sought to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of 320-slice CTA for detecting obstructive CAD in reference to ICA and nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging using single-photon emission computed tomography.

Methods
For the CORE320 study (Coronary Artery Evaluation Using 320-Row Multidetector Computed Tomography Angiography and Myocardial Perfusion), 381 patients at 16 centers underwent CTA, nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging by single-photon emission computed tomography, and ICA for the evaluation of CAD. Imaging studies were analyzed in blinded core laboratories, and a stenosis of ≥50% by quantitative coronary angiography was considered obstructive, whereas a stress difference score of ≥1 indicated inducible myocardial ischemia. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy.

Results

Of 381 patients, 229 (60%) had obstructive CAD by quantitative coronary angiography. Diagnostic accuracy of CTA on a per-patient analysis revealed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.87–0.93). Per-vessel and per-segment analysis revealed lower area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87 (0.84–0.90) and 0.81 (0.78–0.83), respectively. Median radiation dose was lower for CTA versus ICA: 3.16 (interquartile range, 2.82–3.59) versus 11.97 (interquartile range, 7.60–17.8) mSv (
P
<0.001). Accuracy for identifying patients with inducible myocardial ischemia by SPECT-MPI was similar for CTA and ICA (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.68 versus 0.71 by quantitative coronary angiography and 0.68 by visual angiographic assessment;
P
>0.05). Furthermore, accuracy for identifying patients who subsequently underwent clinically driven coronary revascularization also was similar for CTA (0.76 [0.71–0.81]) and ICA (0.78 [0.74–0.83];
P
=0.20).

Conclusions
Contemporary CTA accurately identifies patients with obstructive CAD by ICA at lower radiation exposure; however, agreement is lower in vessel- and segment-level analyses. Both CTA and ICA perform similarly for predicting clinically driven revascularization and for detecting myocardial ischemia by myocardial perfusion imaging using single-photon emission computed tomography, suggesting that limitations by both CTA and ICA contribute to variability of stenosis quantification.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00934037.