bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse Outcomes After Tunneled Dialysis Catheter–Related Bloodstream Infections—Too Dark at the End of This Tunnel?
Authors: Pandit Niveditha , Rao Namrata , Ansari Majibullah , Chandra Abhilash , Saran Sai 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTunneled dialysis catheters (TDCs) are preferred over temporary noncuffed catheters for access in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. The removal of TDC after catheter‐related blood stream infections (CRBSIs) is often not practiced even when indicated, and the adverse outcomes after such salvage are presently unclear.Aims and ObjectivesThe study aimed to evaluate adverse outcomes after the first episode of definite or probable CRBSI. The composite adverse outcome was recorded as the presence of at least one of three adverse outcomes—death in the index hospital admission, occurrence of recurrent bacteremia, and death within 3 months.ResultsDuring the study period, the TDC CRBSI incidence rate was 6.9/1000 catheter days. Of the 110 study participants, majority were male (63%), with a median age of 35 years, belonging to rural (56%) and agrarian (39%) communities, and 66% were getting dialyzed at stand‐alone dialysis units. Gram‐negative infections predominated (64%), with 37% of isolates showing resistance to carbapenems. Catheter salvage was practiced in 80%, and immediate catheter removal was done only in the sickest of patients (in seven of eight with in‐hospital mortality). Predictors of composite adverse outcomes included sites other than right internal jugular vein (OR 3.6) and resistance to β lactam‐β lactamase inhibitors (OR 16.2). At a median follow‐up of 7 months, all survivors at 3 months were alive and 46% had recurrent TDC CRBSIs.ConclusionUp to one‐half of patients with end‐stage kidney disease experienced composite adverse outcomes after the first episode of TDC CRBSI, with infection‐related 3‐month mortality of 15%.Trial RegistrationClinical trial number: CTRI/2023/10/058556
Biopolitical Borders and the Political Economy of Migration Flows to and From Türkiye
Authors: Özyürek Mehmet 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examines the biopolitical borders of Türkiye. On the one hand, Türkiye deserves attention as a destination country that received millions of Syrian asylum seekers after the outbreak of the war in Syria and hundreds of thousands of migrants from other surrounding countries since the early 2010s. Yet, the country can also be seen as an origin and a transit country since a significant number of citizens and foreigners have been emigrating to Western countries from Türkiye. Recently, the number of educated and highly skilled people from Türkiye migrating to other countries has escalated. Given its unique position as a receiving, transit and origin country, Türkiye merits special investigation into the consequences of migration and border policies on domestic biopolitics. This study differs from existing literature in that it focuses on the biopolitical implications of migration from and to Türkiye. The study shows that even though the biopolitical borders of the country seem inadequate to protect domestic biopolitics, they are still discernible for migrants. Although a large number of Syrians, Afghans and other foreign nationals have crossed the national borders of Türkiye, they still face biopolitical borders. Türkiye's biopolitical borders not only function to establish a hierarchy that subordinates migrants to citizens but also create hierarchies among different migrant groups.
Unpicking Causal Relationships Between Grip Strength and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Norris Tom , Cooper Rachel , Garfield Victoria , Hamer Mark , Pinto Pereira Snehal M 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the dominant direction of association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and grip strength could help refine physical activity recommendations. We performed a Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to elucidate the bidirectional relationship between CRF and grip strength (GS). Using an inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) MR framework, we estimated the strength of the GS (exposure)‐CRF (outcome) association using genome‐wide association summary data. When examining the CRF (exposure)‐GS (outcome) association, the CRF genetic instrument was related to individual‐level GS phenotypic data in 367 693 UK Biobank participants. Several sensitivity analyses were performed (e.g., MR‐Egger, MR‐weighted median estimator and MR‐PRESSO) and both measures were scaled by body weight (w). In the direction GS‐to‐CRF, a 1‐unit increase in GSw (i.e., GS/weight) was associated with 1.70 mL/kg/min (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14,2.27) higher CRFw (IVW model). This finding persisted across most sensitivity analyses. In the reverse direction, there was no evidence supporting an effect of CRFw on GSw, e.g., a 1‐unit increase in CRFw led to a 0.00 kg/kg (95% CI: −0.01,0.02) higher GSw (IVW model). Our finding of a dominant direction of association from greater GS to higher CRF is relevant when considering how to promote physical activity guidelines. For example, placing too much emphasis on improving/maintaining CRF is unlikely to result in maximum benefits for other fundamental components of physical fitness, particularly muscle strength.
MULTI-AEROELASTIC PHENOMENA MODELLING PART I: THE DEVELOPMENT OF WHOLE LPC MODEL FOR CIVIL TURBOFAN ENGINE
Authors: Kulkarni Davendu , Lad Bharat , di Mare Luca 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Aeroelastic phenomena in the low pressure compression (LPC) system of civil turbofan engines can cause a significant high cycle fatigue (HCF) risk to LPC components. Currently, the mechanical integrity risk to the LPC components is assessed by performing multiple, discrete aeromechanical simulations, which require large resources and incur high time cost. Therefore, the development of a comprehensive modelling simulation approach is necessary to assess multiple phenomena and components simultaneously that can provide accurate results within design timescales. This paper presents the methodology for generating a common, system level model for investigating multiple aeroelastic phenomena in fan and outlet guide vanes (OGVs). The development of a high fidelity, full annulus CFD model of the whole low pressure compression system is described. Time accurate unsteady CFD simulations are then conducted at multiple flight conditions. These information-rich simulation models are interrogated to extract various parameters of interest to assess multiple aeroelastic phenomena such as, 1EO fan forced response, fan alternating passage divergence (APD) forced response, OGV buffet, and OGV resonant forced response etc. In the second part of this paper, the application of this modelling methodology is demonstrated to evaluate and to better understand the efficacy of OGV asymmetric cyclic patterns.
Association of Peripheral Markers of Oxidative Stress with Clinical Parameters and Inflammatory Factors in Alcoholic Patients
Authors: Prokopieva Valentina D. , Vetlugina Tamara P. , Epimakhova Elena V. , Boiko Anastasiya S. , Bokhan Nikolay A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
One of the fundamental problems in studying addiction is elucidation of mechanisms of alcohol dependence (AD) development. Disturbances of cellular redox balance and inflammation play an important role in AD pathogenesis. Deciphering associations between biological and clinical indicators can elucidate molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. The aim of the work was to study peripheral markers of oxidative stress in patients with AD during early abstinence period and to identify their relationship with clinical parameters of the disease and inflammatory factors. In total, 84 patients with AD were studied (average age, 44.3 ± 8.2 years). The analyzed clinical parameters included patient’s age, age of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) formation, disease duration, and AWS duration. The markers of oxidative stress determined in the blood plasma were oxidation products of proteins (protein carbonyls, PCs), lipids (thiobarbituric acid-reactive products, TBA-RPs), and DNA (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, 8-OH-dG). The content of inflammatory mediators, such as proinflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, TNFα) was determined in the blood serum. Blood samples of 80 conditionally healthy men (average age, 40.9 ± 9.6 years) were used as a control. Patients with AD demonstrated an increase in the content of PCs, TBA-RPs, and all analyzed cytokines (but not 8-OH-dG) compared to the control individuals. There was a direct correlation between the TBA-RP content and disease duration and inverse correlation of the PC content with the age of AWS formation and AWS duration. The content of PCs demonstrated an inverse correlation with the IL-6 concentration in the blood plasma. We also observed a positive correlation between 8-OH-dG and IL-6, TBA-RPs and IL-8, and TBA-RPs and TNFα. Therefore, the early abstinence period in patients with AD was characterized by a pronounced oxidative stress and inflammation. The obtained results expand the knowledge on the integrative contribution of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors to the AD pathogenesis and can be used in the development of new therapies.
Effect of therapeutic exercises on the progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a protocol of a systematic review
Authors: Andrade Rodrigo Mantelatto , Callegari Ferreira Milene Eloise , Piras Larissa , Kiyomoto Maria De Lourdes Partika , Carvas Junior Nelson , Kiyomoto Henry Dan , Ribeiro Ana Paula , Maria Amado João Silvia 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) affects an estimated 200 million adolescents globally and curvatures exceeding 30° at skeletal maturity are associated with increased health risks in adulthood. The International Society for the Orthopedic and Rehabilitative Treatment of Scoliosis recommends specific therapeutic exercises to prevent the progression of AIS. However, studies have questioned the effects of specific and general therapeutic exercises on the progression of AIS. This systematic review will evaluate the effectiveness of general and specific therapeutic exercises in preventing Cobb angle progression compared with other conservative interventions.Methods and analysisWe will search MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, CENTRAL, PEDro and CINAHL from inception to 14 December 2023. Randomised clinical trials involving individuals aged 10 to 18 years with a Cobb angle above 10° will be considered. The effectiveness of therapeutic exercises will be compared with minimal intervention, other exercises and brace use, alone or in combination with exercise. The primary outcome is the Cobb angle measurement, with subgroup analyses assessing severity based on SOSORT classifications. The risk of bias will be assessed using the PEDro scale and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation will be used to assess certainty of evidence. The Review Manager 5.4 software will be used for meta-analysis. The protocol follows the Cochrane Handbook for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines.Ethics and disseminationThis is a literature-based study and ethical approval is not required. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020156639.
Acupuncture for atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liang Shuang , Huang Kai-Yu , Zhang Lian , Li Mei , Gu Hai-Hong , Chen Ning-Gang 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesAtopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease that impacts patients’ quality of life and imposes substantial economic burdens on their families. Acupuncture holds promise as a viable treatment option for atopic dermatitis. This review aimed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on atopic dermatitis.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang and VIP databases were searched through 17 September 2023, together with an updated search on 15 October 2024.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) about acupuncture for atopic dermatitis. The primary outcome was the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) score. The secondary outcomes were the eczema area and severity index (EASI) score, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pruritus, the dermatology life quality index (DLQI) score, serum IgE level and adverse events (AEs).Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers conducted separate searches of the databases, assessed eligible articles for inclusion and employed the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias. The analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 13.0 software. The mean difference (MD) with 95% CI was employed to analyse continuous outcomes.ResultsEight studies with 463 participants were included. The meta-analysis indicated significant differences in the SCORAD score (MD=−10.61, 95% CI −17.77 to −3.45, p=0.004), the VAS score for pruritus (MD=−14.71, 95% CI −18.20 to −11.22, p<0.00001) and the DLQI score (MD=−2.37, 95% CI −3.57 to −1.18, p<0.0001), but no significant differences in the EASI score (MD=−3.95, 95% CI −8.35 to 0.45, p=0.08) and the IgE level (MD=−160.22 U/mL, 95% CI −334.13 to 13.68, p=0.07) between treatment and control. The differences in the SCORAD score and the VAS score for pruritus reached minimal clinically important differences. No serious AEs were reported.ConclusionsAcupuncture might be an effective and safe treatment for atopic dermatitis. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, it is recommended to conduct multicentre, large-scale and high-quality RCTs to further confirm the findings.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023470643.
Computational modeling of basal ganglia hemorrhage morphology improves functional outcome prognostication after minimally invasive surgical evacuation
Authors: Kashkoush Ahmed , Achey Rebecca L , Davison Mark , Rasmussen Peter A , Kshettry Varun R , Moore Nina , Gomes Joao , Bain Mark 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionAnatomic factors that predict outcomes following basal ganglia intracranial hemorrhage (bgICH) evacuation are poorly understood. Given the compact neuroanatomic organization of the basal ganglia, we hypothesized that bgICH spatial representation could predict postoperative functional outcomes.MethodsPatients undergoing minimally invasive surgical bgICH evacuation between 2013 and 2024 at one center were retrospectively reviewed. bgICH volumes were segmented and stereotactically localized using anatomic landmarks. Heat maps that identified bgICH spatial representation across functional outcome states were generated. Differential bgICH volume overlap with each heat map was calculated after subtracting out that patient’s contribution to the map. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of differential volume overlap for poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 4–6 within 1 year of surgery) and compared with that of the intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) score with a z test.ResultsForty-five patients were included (62% men, 7% Caucasian, median age 53 years). Thirty-two patients (71%) had poor functional outcome (median follow-up 4.1 months), which was associated with increased age (P=0.032), bgICH volume (P=0.005), intraventricular hemorrhage severity (P=0.032), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (P=0.006), and differential volume overlap (P<0.001). Anatomically, poor outcome was associated with bgICH extension into the anterior limb of the internal capsule (P=0.004), caudate (P=0.042), and temporal lobe (P=0.006). The AUC for differential volume overlap was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76–0.97), which was higher than chance alone (P<0.001), but statistically similar to that (0.82 (0.71–0.97)) of the ICH score (P=0.545).ConclusionStereotactic bgICH localization enabled functional outcome prognostication in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgical evacuation.
Analysis of Back Pain Risk Factors Among Medical Students: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Jabłońska Renata , Stodolna Karolina , Sokal Paweł , Królikowska Agnieszka , Filipska-Blejder Karolina , Haor Beata , Ślusarz Robert 
Published: December 2024

Background: Back pain has become one of the most prevalent health issues worldwide, contributing significantly to disability‐adjusted life years. Notably, a concerning rise in back pain has been observed among young individuals, including students.Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the frequency and risk factors of back pain among medical students.Methods: A total of 213 medical faculty students participated in this cross‐sectional study, completing an online questionnaire covering sociodemographic details, lifestyle factors, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and body mass index (BMI). Statistical analyses were performed using PQStat and Statistica 13.Results: Spinal pain was reported by 73% of students, 5 out of 10 of them described it as chronic pain of moderate intensity (usually VAS = 5). The subjects had activity described in metabolic equivalent tasks (MET) at M = 3008.52 + SD 1877.47 (min = 1050; max = 8331; Me = 2010′ Q1 = 1684.28′ Q3 = 3531.43). More women than men experienced back pain (p = 0.0024). Most often, these pains occurred in the group of physiotherapy students, least often among medical students (p < 0.01). This relationship also concerned those students who worked in shifts and those who were parents (p < 0.01). According to BMI, 47% of the respondents had normal weight, but 41% were overweight. 32% of students had problems with sleeping, all of them had back pain (p < 0.01).Conclusion: A high incidence of back pain among students of medical faculty was found, as well as several risk factors—age, gender, field of study, additional work, motherhood/fatherhood, sleep problems. Medical schools should develop and implement appropriate strategies to mitigate modifiable risk factors for back pain among students.
Awake rodent fMRI: Gradient-echo echo planar imaging versus compressed-sensing fast low-angle shot
Authors: Cover Christopher , Reddy Sujatha , Vazquez Alberto , Fukuda Mitsuhiro , Poplawsky Alexander J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Awake rodent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is increasingly becoming a reliable neuroimaging technique to study neuronal activity at both the whole-brain and high-resolution laminar scales. Prior studies have focused on developing acclimation protocols, experimental paradigms, and hardware to optimize outcomes. However, little effort has been made to address the impact of pulse sequence selection on detecting brain activation in awake fMRI experiments. In the current study, we compare gradient-echo echo planar imaging (GE-EPI) and compressed-sensing fast low-angle shot (CS-FLASH) sequences with cerebral blood volume-weighted (CBVw) contrast enhancement to investigate their sensitivity to hemodynamic activity in the olfactory bulb of awake rodents. Compared with GE-EPI, CS-FLASH had comparable motion parameters but was more sensitive to large motions, often resulting in corruption of the image quality. The use of framewise displacement as a motion censoring technique may over censor the data, requiring alternative approaches, such as spatial correlation censoring. CS-FLASH images were qualitatively sharper than GE-EPI; however, the contrast-to-noise ratio for odor activation was consistently greater for GE-EPI than for CS-FLASH that cannot be explained by olfactory adaptation alone. The activation maps of CS-FLASH to four different odors showed spatially unique patterns consistent with GE-EPI, but with lower z-scores or detection sensitivity. Activation maps were consistent with previously established histological findings. Additionally, odor-evoked laminar activation was greatest in the superficial layers that decreased with laminar depth, consistent with prior findings. We conclude that CS-FLASH produces sharper images with equivalent spatial activation maps to GE-EPI, albeit with lower statistical strength and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and without being prohibited by motion-related image distortion.
Advancing primate conservation: a global collection of education and outreach initiatives
Authors: Nekaris K.A.I. , Balestri Michela , Feddema Kim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This special issue on Primate Conservation Education and Outreach assembles the largest collection of conservation education interventions focused on primates to date, aiming to highlight the urgent need for educational initiatives to mitigate the ongoing threats to primate species. Despite decades of warnings from primatologists about the escalating risks to primate populations, including habitat loss, illegal hunting, and human-primate conflict, conservation education remains underdeveloped in the field of primatology. This issue explores 20 diverse case studies from across the globe, with contributions from field sites in Central and South America, Africa, and Asia. The education programmes discussed range in scope, duration, and target audience, with many linked to long-term research projects. A key finding is the significant variation in programme design and evaluation methods, with challenges in assessing long-term behaviour change and conservation impact. The issue emphasises the importance of creative, participatory approaches such as puppet shows, community outreach, and place-based education, which have proven successful in fostering deeper engagement and understanding of primate conservation. Despite the barriers faced, including limited funding and cultural challenges, the authors stress the importance of both small-scale and long-term educational interventions in the global effort to protect primates. This volume serves as a call to action for primatologists to integrate conservation education into their research and outreach efforts, thereby contributing to the preservation of our closest living relatives.
The Establishment of Large Çiftliks: Indebtedness and Property Acquisition in 18th-Century Karaferye (Veria)
Authors: Laçin Bedirhan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Çiftliks, i.e., landed estates, were profitable for wealthy investors in the Ottoman Empire, yet detailed information about how they were established and operated is limited. This study delves into the 18th-century practices of local elites in Karaferye (mod. Veria), a town within the province of Selânik (mod. Thessaloniki), who acquired arable lands from peasants thanks to the latter’s debts and security concerns. Interestingly, the debt burden was not exclusive to the peasants; it also affected the local elites who acted as creditors, leading to the phenomenon known as the cycle of debt. Following the ceding of their lands, the peasants transitioned from independent cultivators to wage laborers (ecir). The article draws its empirical base from the land investments of the Sarıcazâdes, one of the most powerful local families, and similar local notables in 14 villages in the rural hinterland of Karaferye.
The Rights of Nature and the Identity of Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Fitzmaurice Malgosia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article will explore and analyse a complex and multifaceted question of the rights of nature and the role of Indigenous Peoples in the creating, shaping, and defining of such rights. This perplexing question has legal and philosophical dimensions, which is multi-layered and not easily resolved. The author of this article will endeavour to analyse the rights of nature, the role of Indigenous way of thinking in forming of these rights and whether the rights of nature form a part of Indigenous Peoples’ identity. Indigenous Peoples and nature are notions which are frequently linked together. However, the relationship between Indigenous Peoples and mature is challenging and complex. The analysis will be conducted at both the national and international levels, exploring both national and international case law.