bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ceramic-based photocatalytic membrane reactors for water treatment – where to next?
Authors: Horovitz Inna , Gitis Vitaly , Avisar Dror , Mamane Hadas 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Ceramic-based photocatalytic membrane reactors (cPMRs) are becoming increasingly popular among researchers and will soon be seen on the water/wastewater-treatment market. This review provides a thorough analysis of the available data on cPMRs fabricated to date based on coating method, support and coating materials, membrane design, pore size and model compounds used to evaluate process efficiency and light source. While all of the studies describe cPMR preparation in great detail, over half do not provide any information about their performance. The rest used various dyes that can be conveniently detected by spectrophotometry/fluorimetry, or micropollutants that require analytical equipment available only in specialized laboratories. In addition, cPMRs are viewed as a convenient way of incorporating a photocatalyst on an inert surface assuming that the surface itself, i.e. the membrane, does not participate in the treatment process. A unified test for cPMR performance should be developed and implemented for all cPMRs that have the potential for commercialization. There is a need for standardization in cPMR testing; only then can the true performance of cPMRs be evaluated and compared. Such testing will also answer the question of whether the cPMR membrane is indeed an inert support or an active part of the treatment process.
Risk-based targeting of adjuvant pregabalin treatment in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: von Plato Hanna , Mattila Kristiina , Poikola Satu , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Hamunen Katri , Kontinen Vesa 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background and aims
Pain is the most common reason for delayed discharge after day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study investigates a simple five-item questionnaire in evaluating the risk of postoperative pain in day-case cholecystectomy and the efficacy and safety of single-dose preoperative pregabalin on patients with multiple risk factors for pain. There are no previous studies on targeting adjuvant pain treatment based on the individual risk factors like the preoperative state of anxiety, acute or chronic pain, and the expectation of pain in day-case surgery.

Methods
One hundred and thirty patients scheduled for day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy were evaluated with a five-item questionnaire assessing the risk for postoperative pain. The patients with multiple risk factors (n=60) were randomized to receive either pregabalin 150 mg or placebo, 1 h before surgery. The primary outcome was abdominal pain intensity on numerical rating scale (NRS) 1 h after surgery. Pain, analgesic consumption and adverse effects during first three postoperative days, and the length of hospital stay were also recorded.

Results
Pregabalin 150 mg given as an adjuvant analgesic preoperatively did not decrease postoperative abdominal pain or opioid consumption in the first hour after surgery compared to placebo in a preselected group of patients with multiple risk factors for postoperative pain (p=0.31). Preoperative anxiety assessed with a scale of 0–10 had a positive association with postoperative pain (p=0.045).

Conclusions and implications
This was the first trial on systematically selecting patients with a high-risk factor profile for postoperative pain as a target for a preventive adjuvant analgesic intervention. Although numerous previous studies have identified various risk factors, including those used in the current trial, it seems to be challenging to use these risk factors as predictive tools for targeting adjuvant analgesics in day-case surgery. Preoperative anxiety has a positive association with postoperative pain in day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and this should be taken into account when treating these patients.
Temperature induced twinning in aragonite: transmission electron microscopy experiments and ab initio calculations
Authors: Gavryushkin Pavel N. , Rečnik Aleksander , Daneu Nina , Sagatov Nursultan , Belonoshko Anatoly B. , Popov Zakhar I. , Ribić Vesna , Litasov Konstantin D. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The microstructure of aragonite, one of the main bio-mineral and component of bio-inspired materials, was described in numerous investigations. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), for the first time we show the effect of temperature on aragonite microstructure. The local increase of (0.5 0.5 0) reflections intensities and appearance of satellite reflections in [11̅0] zone axis were observed above 350°C. We explain the appearance of satellite reflections by the generation and ordering of {110} twin boundaries and suggest new thermal mechanism of the twin boundaries generation. We check the viability of this mechanism by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations and generalized solid state nudge elastic band (g-SSNEB) calculations.
The Pharmacological Assessment of GABAAReceptor Activation in Experimental Febrile Seizures in Mice
Authors: Kasahara Yuka , Igata Hideyoshi , Sasaki Takuya , Ikegaya Yuji , Koyama Ryuta 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHyperthermia-induced febrile seizures (FSs) are the most common seizures during childhood, and prolonged complex FSs can result in the development of epilepsy. Currently, GABAAreceptor modulators such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates are used as medications for FSs with the aim of enhancing GABA-mediated inhibition of neuronal activity. However, it is still up for debate whether these enhancers of GABAergic neurotransmission could depolarize immature neurons with relatively higher levels of the intracellular Cl−in the developing brain during FSs. Here, we performed simultaneous video-local field potential monitoring to determine whether benzodiazepines and barbiturates affect the phenotypes of FSs in postnatal day (P)11 and P14 mice. We found that low-dose administration of diazepam decreased the incidence of clonic seizures at P11. We also found that high-dose administration of diazepam and pentobarbital exacerbated the behavioral and electrophysiological phenotypes of the induction phase of experimental FSs at P11 but not at P14. We further found that the deteriorated phenotypes at P11 were suppressed when Na+K+2Cl−cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1), which mediates Cl−influx, was blocked by treatment with the diuretic bumetanide. Though our findings do not exclude the involvement of sedation effect of high-dose GABAAreceptor modulators in worsening experimental FSs at P11, pharmacological enhancement of GABAergic signaling could aggravate seizure activity in the early phase of FSs.
Calcium-Activated Calpain Specifically Cleaves Glutamate Receptor IIA But Not IIB at theDrosophilaNeuromuscular Junction
Authors: Metwally Elsayed , Zhao Guoli , Li Wenhua , Wang Qifu , Zhang Yong Q. 
Published: January 2019

Calpains are calcium-dependent, cytosolic proteinases active at neutral pH. They do not degrade but cleave substrates at limited sites. Calpains are implicated in various pathologies, such as ischemia, injuries, muscular dystrophy, and neurodegeneration. Despite so, the physiological function of calpains remains to be clearly defined. Using the neuromuscular junction ofDrosophilaof both sexes as a model, we performed RNAi screening and uncovered that calpains negatively regulated protein levels of the glutamate receptor GluRIIA but not GluRIIB. We then showed that calpains enrich at the postsynaptic area, and the calcium-dependent activation of calpains induced cleavage of GluRIIA at Q788 of its C terminus. Further genetic and biochemical experiments revealed that different calpains genetically and physically interact to form a protein complex. The protein complex was required for the proteinase activation to downregulate GluRIIA. Our data provide a novel insight into the mechanisms by which different calpains act together as a complex to specifically control GluRIIA levels and consequently synaptic function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCalpain has been implicated in neural insults and neurodegeneration. However, the physiological function of calpains in the nervous system remains to be defined. Here, we show that calpain enriches at the postsynaptic area and negatively and specifically regulates GluRIIA, but not IIB, level during development. Calcium-dependent activation of calpain cleaves GluRIIA at Q788 of its C terminus. Different calpains constitute an active protease complex to cleave its target. This study reveals a critical role of calpains during development to specifically cleave GluRIIA at synapses and consequently regulate synaptic function.
Necessity and Contingency in Developmental Genetic Screens: EGF, Wnt, and Semaphorin Pathways in Vulval Induction of the NematodeOscheius tipulae
Authors: Vargas-Velazquez Amhed M , Besnard Fabrice , Félix Marie-Anne 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGenetic screens in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have identified EGF and Notch pathways as key for vulval precursor cell fate patterning. Here, Vargas-Velazquez, Besnard, and Félix report on the molecular identification of...Genetic screens in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans identified the EGF/Ras and Notch pathways as central for vulval precursor cell fate patterning. Schematically, the anchor cell secretes EGF, inducing the P6.p cell to a primary (1°) vulval fate; P6.p in turn induces its neighbors to a secondary (2°) fate through Delta-Notch signaling and represses Ras signaling. In the nematode Oscheius tipulae, the anchor cell successively induces 2° then 1° vulval fates. Here, we report on the molecular identification of mutations affecting vulval induction in O. tipulae. A single Induction Vulvaless mutation was found, which we identify as a cis-regulatory deletion in a tissue-specific enhancer of the O. tipulae lin-3 homolog, confirmed by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 mutation. In contrast to this predictable Vulvaless mutation, mutations resulting in an excess of 2° fates unexpectedly correspond to the plexin/semaphorin pathway. Hyperinduction of P4.p and P8.p in these mutants likely results from mispositioning of these cells due to a lack of contact inhibition. The third signaling pathway found by forward genetics in O. tipulae is the Wnt pathway; a decrease in Wnt pathway activity results in loss of vulval precursor competence and induction, and 1° fate miscentering on P5.p. Our results suggest that the EGF and Wnt pathways have qualitatively similar activities in vulval induction in C. elegans and O. tipulae, albeit with quantitative differences in the effects of mutation. Thus, the derived induction process in C. elegans with an early induction of the 1° fate appeared during evolution, after the recruitment of the EGF pathway for vulval induction.
On the Prospects for Child Disability Prevention Research
Authors: Baranov Alexander A. , Terleckaya Rimma N. 
Published: January 2019

The presented review of the special literature data (on MEDLINE and eLIBRARY.RU databases) makes it possible to determine a number of topical issues for preventing child disability as well as trends of scientific research in this area, taking into account the causes of disability and its structure by the underlying disease. The World Health Organization has established a relentless focus on the problem of disability, including that of children, which is reflected in the continuous improvement of methods for assessing and classifying persistent disabilities. It has been shown that the prevention of disability in children and the support of families raising handicapped children and children with disabilities are among the main priorities of the state social policy of the Russian Federation. The data on modern technologies for reducing the genetic burden in the population from the perspective of prevention of hereditary and congenital diseases, including orphan ones, has been presented. The results of studies indicating the increasing role of the intestinal microbiota in the development and prevention of a number of diseases affecting the formation of disability in children have been presented. The problem of combating antibiotic resistance is considered from a preventive perspective. A number of scientific studies is devoted to non-infectious pathology, which is becoming increasingly important in the formation of disability in children of different age groups, starting from the neonatal period. The actual data on the role of obesity in the formation of serious health disorders has been given. The opinion is expressed on the need to create a system of hygienic and medico-psychological safety of children's life in conditions of hyperinformatisation and the modern environmental situation. It is assumed that the implementation of the results of the proposed research into health care practice will make it possible to influence the processes of disability in a child on a deeper pathogenetic level as well as to improve the arrangement of preventive activities in this direction.
The efficacy and safety of antiviral drugs of direct action in liver recipients with recurrence of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 after transplantation
Authors: Tsiroulnikova О. M. , Umrik D. V. , Miloserdov I. A. , Egorova Е. Т. , Latypov R. A. 
Published: January 2019

Aim.To study the efficacy and safety of the use of paritaprevir, ritonavir, ombitasvir and dasabuvir in combination or without ribavirin in liver recipients with recurrence of HCV 1 genotype after transplantation.Materials and methods.The study included 46 patients after orthotopic liver transplantation with recurrence of HCV 1 genotype. 37 patients completed a 24-week course of antiviral therapy, including paritaprevir, ritonavir, ombitasvir and dasabuvir in combination or without ribavirin. The effectiveness of the therapy was calculated as the proportion of patients who achieved aviremia 12 weeks after the end of the course of treatment. The safety of therapy was assessed by the number of adverse events that occurred during the course of antiviral therapy.Results.A sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after the end of the course of antiviral therapy, including paritaprevir, ritonavir, ombitasvir and dasabuvir, reached 100% of the recipients of the liver. Reduction in the intensity of cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes was noted at week 4 of therapy. Adverse events were recorded in 56.7% of the subjects, mostly they were not severe and were stopped on their own. Acute cellular rejection of the transplant developed in 1 patient (2.7%). There have been no cases of irreversible liver transplant dysfunction or death of the recipient.The conclusion.The use of paritaprevir, ritonavir, ombitasvir and dasabuvir is safe and effective in the treatment of relapse of HCV infection of 1 genotype after liver transplantation.
The analysis of the proliferative activity of cells on microparticles obtained from decellularized liver and kidney tissue
Authors: Bobrova M. M. , Safonova L. A. , Agapova O. I. , Efimov A. E. , Agapov I. I. 
Published: January 2019

Aim.To develop the protocols for liver and kidney tissue decellularization, and to develop an analysis of the proliferative activity of human Hep-G2hepatocarcinoma cells on various carriers.Materials and methods.Decellularization of the liver and kidneys was performed by perfusion of detergent solutions with gradually increasing concentrations of Triton X-100 (1, 2 and 3%). A histological analysis of the obtained samples was performed, and the method of optical and scanning electron microscopy was used to study the obtained samples. The proliferative activity of human Hep-G2hepatocarcinoma cells was studied on the obtained samples of decellularized liver and kidney tissue.Results.Decellularization of the organ does not lead to changes in the specific structure of the tissue matrix. Microparticles with an average size of 200 μm were made from their decellularized matrix of liver and kidney tissues. The level of proliferative activity of human Hep-G2hepatocarcinoma cells cultured on microparticles from a decellularized liver was significantly higher than on microparticles from a decellularized kidney.Conclusion.The decellularized matrix retains the native three-dimensional structure of the tissue. The level of cell proliferative activity is significantly higher on microparticles from the decellularized liver, which confirms the preservation of the specificity of the extracellular matrix of the tissue after the process of decellularization.
Streptozotocin model of stable diabetes mellitus
Authors: Skaletskaya G. N. , Skaletskiy N. N. , Volkova E. A. , Sevastyanov V. I. 
Published: January 2019

Aim:to create a model of stable experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) in laboratory rats using streptozotocin (STZ).Materials and methods.The dynamics of changes in glycemia and survival in 60 Wistar rats was determined. STZ at a dosage of 70 mg/kg was administered to these rats in two ways: once and fractionally (within 5 days).Results.After a single injection of the STZ, 6 out of 30 rats (20%) died, in 7 cases (23.3%) a spontaneous reversion of the diabetic status occurred and in 17 animals (56.6%) the DM remained stable throughout the observation period (8 weeks). After the fractional administration of the STZ no mortality was observed. Spontaneous reversal of DM occurred only in 2 of 30 rats (6.6% of cases). In other 28 animals hyperglycemia was stable until the end of the experiment. It is important to note that in all rats with a stable course of DM, the level of glycemia after 2 weeks after the injection of the STZ was at least 20 mmol/l.Conclusion.Fractional intraperitoneal injection of STZ has an obvious advantage compared with a single injection, providing 100% survival and stable course of DM in 93.4%. The main criterion for a stable course of experimental DM is the level of hyperglycemia not less than 20 mmol/l after 2 weeks after intraperitoneal administration of STZ.
New Approximations for Coalitional Manipulation in Scoring Rules
Authors: Keller Orgad , Hassidim Avinatan , Hazon Noam 
Published: January 2019

We study the problem of coalitional manipulation---where k manipulators try to manipulate an election on m candidates---for any scoring rule, with focus on the Borda protocol. We do so in both the weighted and unweighted settings. For these problems, recent approximation approaches have tried to minimize k, the number of manipulators needed to make some preferred candidate p win (thus assuming that the number of manipulators is not limited in advance). In contrast, we focus on minimizing the score margin of p which is the difference between the maximum score of a candidate and the score of p. We provide algorithms that approximate the optimum score margin, which are applicable to any scoring rule. For the specific case of the Borda protocol in the unweighted setting, our algorithm provides a superior approximation factor for lower values of k.Our methods are novel and adapt techniques from multiprocessor scheduling by carefully rounding an exponentially-large configuration linear program that is solved by using the ellipsoid method with an efficient separation oracle. We believe that such methods could be beneficial in other social choice settings as well.
RETRACTED: Agro-morphological characterization of <i>Urochloa</i> grass accessions in Kenya
Authors: Njarui Donald M.G. , Gatheru Mwangi , Ghimire Sita R. 
Published: January 2019

The Editors and Publisher have retracted this article because the text had already been published in Njarui et al 2016. The content conveyed by this article is therefore not original and redundant. The corresponding author, Donald Njarui, recognizes this involuntary duplication publication and agrees to the retraction of this article. The online version contains the full text of the retracted article as electronic supplementary material.Supplementary materialhttp://www.tropicalgrasslands.info/public/417_Njauri_et_al.pdfReferences(Note of the editors: All hyperlinks were verified 28 June 2019.)Njarui DMG; Gatheru M; Ghimire SR. 2016. Agro-morphological characterisation of Brachiaria grass accessions. In: Njarui DMG; Gichangi EM; Ghimire SR; Muinga RW, eds. Climate smart Brachiaria grasses for improving livestock production in East Africa - Kenya Experience. Proceedings of a workshop, Naivasha, Kenya, 14–15 September 2016. p. 27–36. hdl.handle.net/10568/80421
Metodología de evaluación del riesgo de incendios forestales y priorización de tratamientos multifuncionales en paisajes mediterráneos
Authors: Alcasena-Urdíroz F.J. , Vega-García C. , Ager A.A. , Salis M. , Nauslar N.J. , Mendizabal F.J. , Castell R. 
Published: January 2019

En las regiones mediterráneas, el efecto combinado del éxodo rural, la falta de gestión forestal y las políticas de supresión de incendios han contribuido notablemente en el aumento de la carga y continuidad de los combustibles forestales sobre extensas áreas. El resultado es una creciente incidencia de incendios forestales que supera la capacidad de extinción. Debido a una limitada disponibilidad de recursos económicos para la gestión del paisaje, resulta necesario priorizar la protección de los bienes con una expectativa de pérdida elevada y el tratamiento del combustible en puntos estratégicos para contener los incendios que impactan en núcleos urbanos. Este estudio se desarrolla en el Valle de Juslapeña (Navarra, España) para demostrar la priorización de actuaciones en la gestión de combustibles. En el área de estudio, los frecuentes y grandes incendios forestales han causado notables daños en el patrimonio forestal y los bienes de las comunidades rurales. Primero, se generó la cartografía de riesgo de incendios para los bienes de elevado valor, a continuación, se diseñó el mosaico óptimo de tratamientos dentro de la cuenca de exposición en base a la exposición de las masas arboladas y la transmisión a viviendas residenciales. A su vez, se identificaron los rodales capitalizados en existencias donde las extracciones podrían abastecer las necesidades de la población local o costear parcialmente el coste de los tratamientos. Según se observa, las mayores pérdidas se obtuvieron en las viviendas localizadas al sur del área de estudio debido a su elevada probabilidad de quema. Los incendios iniciados fuera del área de estudio también afectaron a las viviendas residenciales y, por tanto, la extensión de los planes de gestión de incendios debe ser ajustada considerando el origen y la escala del riesgo en los núcleos urbanos. La metodología que se presenta en este estudio puede ser adaptada a la gestión multifuncional de cualquier otra región mediterránea con un elevado riesgo de incendios