bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МЕТОДА РЕНТГЕНОВСКОЙ ДИФРАКТОМЕТРИИ СКОЛЬЗЯЩЕГО ПАДЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПЛЕНОК, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Юнин П. А. , Дроздов Ю.Н. , Гусев Н.С. 
Published: August 2018

На примере пленок тантала рассмотрены особенности анализа тонких пленок методами малоугловой рентгеновской рефлектометрии и рентгеновской дифрактометрии в геометрии скользящего падения. В частности показано, что сильный сдвиг дифракционного пика при малых углах падения связан с преломлением рентгеновских лучей вблизи угла полного внешнего отражения. Результаты измерений хорошо согласуются с расчетами. Учет рассмотренных факторов необходим для корректного анализа распределения свойств тонких пленок по их глубине методом рентгеновской дифрактометрии в геометрии скользящего падения. Показано, что рассмотренный в работе подход можно использовать для определения материальных констант ( , ) и толщины пленок тантала.
ТЕРМИЧЕСКАЯ СТАБИЛЬНОСТЬ СТРУКТУРНО-ФАЗОВОГО СОСТАВА ТИТАНА, ОБРАБОТАННОГО КОМПРЕССИОННЫМИ ПЛАЗМЕННЫМИ ПОТОКАМИ, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Шиманский В. И. , Черенда Н.Н. , Углов В.В. , Асташинский В.М. , Кузьмицкий А.М. 
Published: August 2018

Представлены результаты исследования структурно-фазового состояния приповерхностного слоя титанового сплава ВТ1-0, обработанного компрессионными плазменными потоками в остаточной атмосфере азота и подвергнутого термическому воздействию на воздухе в течение одного часа в интервале температур 400-900 °C. С помощью рентгеноструктурного анализа установлено, что в отсутствии предварительного воздействия компрессионных плазменных потоков при температуре 500 °C в поверхностном слое титана формируется твердый раствор -Ti(O), который при температуре 600 °C начинает трансформироваться в фазу оксида титана TiO2 (рутил). Предварительная обработка титана компрессионными плазменными потоками способствует формированию твердого раствора -Ti(N), окисление которого происходит с меньшей скоростью, что ведет к увеличению начальной температуры формирования оксида TiO2 до 700 °C, свидетельствующее о повышении термической стабильности такой структуры.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ МОРФОЛОГИИ И СТРУКТУРЫ ПОРИСТЫХ ГИБРИДНЫХ 3D-СКЭФФОЛДОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ПОЛИКАПРОЛАКТОНА, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИХ КРЕМНИЙСОДЕРЖАЩИЙ ГИДРОКСИАПАТИТ, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Городжа С. Н. , Сурменева М.А. , Селезнева И.И. , Ермаков А.М. , Зайцев В.В. , Сурменев Р.А. 
Published: August 2018

Приведены результаты исследований микропористых скэффолдов на основе поликапролактона, в частности, содержащих нано- и микрочастицы модифицированного (кремнийсодержащего) гидроксиапатита (гибридных скэффолдов). Установлено, что использование частиц гидроксиапатита в процессе электроформования полимерных скэффолдов позволяет значительно увеличить их пористость и создать структуру с волокном нано- и микроразмеров. Рентгенофазовый анализ показал характерные линии поликапролактона и гидроксиапатита в структуре гибридного 3D-скэффолда. По данным ИК-спектроскопии порошка-прекурсора гидроксиапатита ионы (SiO4)4- встроены в его решетку. Согласно результатам исследования смачиваемости поверхности происходит уменьшение контактных углов смачивания водой в случае гибридных скэффолдов по сравнению со скэффолдами на основе поликапролактона. Результаты исследований адгезионной и пролиферативной активности мезенхимальных стволовых клеток человека при культивировании на поверхности гибридных скэффолдов, а также гистологические исследования свидетельствуют о высокой биосовместимости образцов. На основе полимеразной цепной реакции установлена дифференцировка мезенхимальных стволовых клеток в остеогенном направлении. Вследствие пористости структуры гибридные скэффолды могут быть использованы в качестве конструкций для восстановления дефектов костных тканей.
РЕНТГЕНОВСКИЕ И МЁССБАУЭРОВСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ СТРУКТУРНЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ МУЛЬТИФЕРРОИКОВ BIFE1-XZNXO3, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Амиров А.А. , Гусейнов М.М. , Юсупов Д.М. , Абдулкадирова Н. З. , Chaudhary Y. A. , Bendre S.T. 
Published: August 2018

Методами рентгеновской дифракции и мёссбауэровской спектроскопии исследована структура керамических образцов мультиферроиков BiFe1-xZnxO3. Рентгеноструктурный анализ образцов показал наличие примесной фазы Bi12(Bi0.5Fe0.5) O19.5. Высокотемпературный нагрев образцов приводит к появлению дополнительных фаз. Параметры мёссбауэровских спектров зависят от концентрации цинка, при этом для чистого феррита висмута представляет собой суперпозицию двух зеемановских секстетов и двух парамагнитных дублетов, обусловленных наличием в нем двух неэквивалентных в магнитном и электрическом отношении позиций, занимаемых ионами железа в узлах кристаллической решетки образца. Замещение ионов железа ионами цинка существенно влияет на параметры спектров, что, вероятно, связано с изменением характерной для мультиферроиков структуры спиновой циклоиды, разрушение которой и приводит к проявлению значительного магнитоэлектрического взаимодействия.
Knee Osteoarthritis and the Risk of Medically Treated Injurious Falls Among Older Adults: A Community‐Based US Cohort Study
Authors: Barbour Kamil E. , Sagawa Naoko , Boudreau Robert M. , Winger Mary E. , Cauley Jane A. , Nevitt Michael C. , Fujii Tomoko , Patel Kushang V. , Strotmeyer Elsa S. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThe risk of falls among adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA) has been documented, yet, to our knowledge no studies have examined knee OA and the risk of medically treated injurious falls (overall and by sex), which is an outcome of substantial clinical and public health relevance.MethodsUsing data from the Health Aging and Body Composition Knee Osteoarthritis Substudy, a community‐based study of white and African American older adults, we tested associations between knee OA status and the risk of injurious falls among 734 participants with a mean ± SD age of 74.7 ± 2.9 years. Knee radiographic OA (ROA) was defined as having a Kellgren‐Lawrence grade of ≥2 in at least 1 knee. Knee symptomatic ROA (sROA) was defined as having both ROA and pain symptoms in the same knee. Injurious falls were defined using a validated diagnosis code algorithm from linked Medicare fee‐for‐service claims. Cox regression modeling was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsThe mean ± SD follow‐up time was 6.59 ± 3.12 years. Of the 734 participants, 255 (34.7%) had an incident injurious fall over the entire study period. In the multivariate model, compared with those without ROA or pain, individuals with sROA (HR 1.09 [95% CI 0.73–1.65]) did not have a significantly increased risk of injurious falls. Compared with men without ROA or pain, men with sROA (HR 2.57 [95% CI 1.12–5.91]) had a significantly higher risk of injurious falls. No associations were found for women or by injurious fall type.ConclusionKnee sROA was independently associated with an increased risk of injurious falls in older men, but not in older women.
Amnion‐Analogous Medical Device for Fetal Membrane Healing: A Preclinical Long‐Term Study
Authors: Lee Jae Yeon , Kim Hyeonji , Ha Dong‐Heon , Shin Jong Chul , Kim Ahyoung , Ko Hyun Sun , Cho Dong‐Woo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough recent invasive fetal surgeries have improved fetal outcomes, fetal membrane rupture remains a major complication, leading to premature delivery, thus undermining the complete benefits of such procedures. A biocompatible amnion‐analogous medical device (AMED) consisting of polycaprolactone framework and decellularized amniotic membrane (dAM)–derived hydrogel for restoration of amniotic membrane defect is developed using 3D printing technology. Its efficacy on healing iatrogenic fetal membrane defects in vitro is evaluated, showing that the dAM gel contains migratory and proliferative properties. The fetoscope feasibility of the developed AMED is assessed using a pregnant swine model. All animals had successfully recovered from anesthesia and the fetoscopic procedure and maintained a healthy condition until the end of the pregnancy. AMED exhibits superior surgical handling characteristics and is easy to manufacture, nonimmunogenic, biocompatible, and suitable for storage and transport for off‐the‐shelf use; hence, it can be used in successfully sealing defect sites, thus improving the preservation of the amniotic fluid, which in turn improves fetal survival and development.
Multifunctionality and Mechanical Actuation of 2D Materials for Skin‐Mimicking Capabilities
Authors: Chang Ting‐Hsiang , Li Kerui , Yang Haitao , Chen Po‐Yen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHuman skin serves as a multifunctional organ with remarkable properties, such as sensation, protection, regulation, and mechanical stretchability. The mimicry of skin's multifunctionalities via various nanomaterials has become an emerging topic. 2D materials have attracted much interest in the field of skin mimicry due to unique physiochemical properties. Herein, recent developments of using various 2D materials to mimic skin's sensing, protecting, and regulating capabilities are summarized. Next, to endow high stretchability to 2D materials, the approaches for fabrication of stretchable bilayer structures by integrating higher dimensional 2D materials onto soft elastomeric substrates are introduced. Accordion‐like 2D material structures can elongate with elastomers and undergo programmed folding/unfolding processes to mimic skin's stretchability. That stretchable 2D material devices can achieve effective tactile sensing and protecting capabilities under large deformation is then highlighted. Finally, multiple key directions and existing challenges for future development are discussed.
Engineering 2D Architectures toward High‐Performance Micro‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Da Yumin , Liu Jinxin , Zhou Lu , Zhu Xiaohui , Chen Xiaodong , Fu Lei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe rise of micro‐supercapacitors is satisfying the demand for power storage in portable devices and wireless gadgets. But the miniaturization of the energy‐storage components is significantly limited by their energy density. Electrode materials with adequate electrochemical active surfaces are therefore required for improving performance. 2D materials with ultralarge specific surface areas offer a broad portfolio of the development of high‐performance micro‐supercapacitors in spite of their several critical drawbacks. An architecture engineering strategy is therefore developed to break these natural limits and maximize the significant advantages of these materials. Based on the approaches of phase transformation, intercalation, surface modification, material hybridization, and hierarchical structuration, 2D architectures with improved conductivity, enlarged specific surface, enhanced redox activity, as well as the unique synergetic effect exhibit great promise in the application of miniaturized supercapacitors with highly enhanced performance. Herein, the architecture engineering of emerging 2D materials beyond graphene toward optimizing the performance of micro‐supercapacitors is discussed, in order to promote the application of 2D architectures in miniaturized energy‐storage devices.
Structural Design and Electronic Modulation of Transition‐Metal‐Carbide Electrocatalysts toward Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Gao Qingsheng , Zhang Wenbiao , Shi Zhangping , Yang Lichun , Tang Yi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs the key of hydrogen economy, electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) depend on the availability of cost‐efficient electrocatalysts. Over the past years, there is a rapid rise in noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts. Among them, transition metal carbides (TMCs) are highlighted due to their structural and electronic merits, e.g., high conductivity, metallic band states, tunable surface/bulk architectures, etc. Herein, representative efforts and progress made on TMCs are comprehensively reviewed, focusing on the noble‐metal‐like electronic configuration and the relevant structural/electronic modulation. Briefly, specific nanostructures and carbon‐based hybrids are introduced to increase active‐site abundance and to promote mass transportation, and heteroatom doping and heterointerface engineering are encouraged to optimize the chemical configurations of active sites toward intrinsically boosted HER kinetics. Finally, a perspective on the future development of TMC electrocatalysts is offered. The overall aim is to shed some light on the exploration of emerging materials in energy chemistry.
Tire Condition Monitoring and Intelligent Tires Using Nanogenerators Based on Piezoelectric, Electromagnetic, and Triboelectric Effects
Authors: Askari Hassan , Hashemi Ehsan , Khajepour Amir , Khamesee Mir Behrad , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe quest to utilize intelligent tires has prompted substantial multidisciplinary research including vehicle dynamics, control, estimation, energy harvesting, and even nanotechnology. This review article presents the progress in the area of tire condition monitoring systems (TCMS) and intelligent tires using devices fabricated based on piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and triboelectric effects. Three main branches of the research in this area are presented, including estimation techniques, sensing, and energy harvesting approaches. The authors delineate the importance of TCMS for vehicle active safety systems, its importance for transportation safety, and also its remarkable economic and environmental impacts on the development of intelligent transportation systems. The historical evolution and the perspective of research in the area of intelligent tires and TCMS are also reviewed. In addition, it is discussed how nanogenerators would be effective on the future of intelligent tires.
Triple Mode of Alkylation with Ethyl Bromodifluoroacetate: N, or O‐Difluoromethylation, N‐Ethylation and S‐(ethoxycarbonyl)difluoromethylation
Authors: Polley Arghya , Bairy Gurupada , Das Pritha , Jana Ranjan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this report, we have explored a triple mode of chemical reactivity of ethyl bromodifluoroacetate. Typically, bromodifluoroacetic acid has been used as a difluorocarbene precursor for difluoromethylation of soft nucleophiles. Here we have disclosed nucleophilicity and base dependent divergent chemical reactivity of ethyl bromodifluoroacetate. It furnishes lithium hydroxide and cesium carbonate promoted difluoromethylation of tosyl‐protected aniline and electron‐deficient phenols respectively. Interestingly, switching the base from lithium hydroxide to 4‐N,N‐dimethylamino pyridine (DMAP) tosyl‐protected anilines afforded the corresponding N‐ethylation product. Whereas, highly nucleophilic thiophenols furnished the corresponding S‐carboethoxydifluoromethylation product via a rapid SN2 attack to the bromine atom prior to the ester hydrolysis. This mechanistic divergence was established through several control experiments. It was revealed that difluoromethylation reaction proceeds through a tandem in situ ester hydrolysis/decarboxylative‐debrominative difluorocarbene formation and subsequent trapping by the soft nucleophile‐NHTs or electron‐deficient phenolic −OH groups. In the presence of DMAP the hydrolysis of the ester is perturbed instead a nucleophilic attack at the ethyl moiety provides the N‐ethylation product. Hence, besides the development of a practical base‐promoted N‐difluoromethylation of amines and electron‐deficient phenols, divergent reactivity pattern of inexpensive and user‐friendly ethyl bromodifluoroacetate has been explored.magnified image
Synthesis of Vinyl Triazenes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Addition Reactions to Alkynyl Triazenes
Authors: Suleymanov Abdusalom A. , Scopelliti Rosario , Tirani Farzaneh Fadaei , Severin Kay 
Published: August 2018

AbstractVinyl triazenes are potentially interesting compounds for synthetic organic and medicinal chemistry, but synthetic routes to make olefins with triazene groups are still scarce. In this work, we show that vinyl triazenes are accessible by Pd‐catalyzed addition reactions to alkynyl triazenes. Hydrogenation, hydroarylation, and haloallylation reactions allow preparing mono‐, di‐ and trisubstituted vinyl triazenes in high yields, and with good regio‐ and stereoselectivities.magnified image
Recognition Behavior of a Porphyrin Heterodimer Self‐Assembled through an Amidinium‐Carboxylate Salt Bridge
Authors: Kimura Masaki , Miyashita Jyunichi , Miyagawa Shinobu , Kawasaki Tsuneomi , Takaya Hikaru , Tokunaga Yuji 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this study, we synthesized two porphyrins (P1 and P2) featuring two carboxybenzene and two 2‐aminoquinoline units at meso‐positions, respectively, and these porphyrins quantitatively self‐assembled into a heterodimer (P1⋅P2) through an amidinium‐carboxylate salt bridge formation in aprotic and non‐polar solvents. The capsule‐like dimer, possessing two cofacial porphyrin units, binds electron‐deficient aromatic compounds as guests, forming three‐layer π‐aromatic structures, and NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopies were used to determine the association constants (e. g., 1,3,5‐trinitrobenzene: Ka>104 M−1 in dichloromethane). The association constants and the rates of association and dissociation between the dimer and the guests were related to the electron deficiency of the aromatic guests.
The ligamentum teres femoris in orangutans
Authors: Muchlinski Magdalena N. , Hammond Ashley S. , Deane Andrew S. , Purcell Maureen , Hemingway Holden W. , Hantke Georg , Pastor Francisco , Garrosa Manuel , Hartstone‐Rose Adam 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesIt is widely viewed that orangutans lack a ligamentum teres femoris (LTF) inserting on the femoral head because orangutans lack a distinct fovea capitis. Orangutans employ acrobatic quadrumanous clambering that requires a high level of hip joint mobility, and the absence of an LTF is believed to be an adaptation to increase hip mobility. However, there are conflicting reports in the literature about whether there may be a different LTF configuration in orangutans, perhaps with a ligament inserting on the femoral neck instead. Here we perform a dissection‐based study of orangutan hip joints, assess the soft tissue and hard tissue correlates of the orangutan LTF, and histologically examination the LTF to evaluate whether it is homologous to that found in other hominoids.Materials and methodsThe hip joints from six orangutans were dissected. In the two orangutans with an LTF passing to the femoral head, the LTF was assessed histologically. Skeletonized femora (n=56) in osteological repositories were examined for evidence of a foveal pit.ResultsWe observed an LTF in two of the three infant orangutans but not in the sub‐adult or adult specimens. Histological examination of the infant LTF shows a distinct artery coursing through the LTF to the head of the femur. One percent of orangutan femora present with a foveal scar, but no pit, on the femoral head.DiscussionDespite being absent in adults, the LTF is present in at least some orangutans during infancy. We suggest that the LTF maintains a role in blood supply to the femoral head early in life. Because the LTF can limit hip mobility, this may explain why the LTF may be lost as an orangutan ages and gains locomotor independence. These findings enhance our understanding of orangutan hip morphology and underscore the need for future soft tissue investigations.
Annealing for the improvement of the capabilities of parylene C as electret
Authors: Kachroudi A. , Lagomarsini C. , Mareau V. H. , Sylvestre A. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTParylene C is a polymer elaborated by chemical vapor deposition and is particularly useful for the coating of deformed structures. New‐generation soft energy harvesting electrostatic generators can be of complex shape. These generators need electret material in order for them to function. It could thus be interesting to incorporate parylene C in this device. However, this polymer suffers from bad retention of trapped charges after corona discharge and a poor thermal stability of these charges. In this work, parylene C polymers were subjected to specific annealing before corona charging. This induces strong changes in the crystallinity of the material. Atomic force microscopy and X‐ray diffraction quantified the crystalline nature of parylene C following the annealing temperature. Surface potential decay of corona‐charged parylene C demonstrated that annealing to about 150°C is beneficial for the trapping of charges for a long time (analysis over 12 days). At the same time, thermal stability of the electret parylene C is achieved up to 100°C. Spherulites with a specific area close to the surface of the polymer could explain such performances due to their influence on the distribution of traps. Dielectric analysis does not confirm that the decay of surface charges is correlated to the dynamics of polymer chains, although the moving of chains probably influences the flowing of these charges. In sum, annealed parylene C appears to be a new interesting candidate for electret‐based electrostatic generators. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46908.
Tensile properties, thermal stability, and the mechanism of PVC stabilized with zinc and calcium oxolinic complexes
Authors: Shi Yanqin , Wang Yating , Ma Biao , Ma Meng , Chen Si , Wang Xu 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTTwo novel thermal stabilizers, zinc and calcium oxolinic complexes (Zn(Oxo)2 and Ca(Oxo)2), with superior tensile properties and notable thermal stability effect for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are reported here. The complexes are synthesized without any organic solvents, and the structures are confirmed as Zn(C13H10NO5)2·H2O and Ca(C13H10NO5)2·3H2O by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The PVC samples stabilized with the complexes show superior tensile strength and elongation at break compared with zinc and calcium stearates by tensile test. The results of Congo red test, dehydrochlorination test, and discoloration test show that: (1) Zn(Oxo)2 is better than zinc stearate as thermal stabilizer for PVC; (2) Zn(Oxo)2 and Ca(Oxo)2 show notable synergistic effect with calcium stearate and zinc norfloxacin respectively. The mechanism of the superior tensile properties and notable thermal stability effect is due to the ability of the complexes to absorbing HCl and reacting with PVC chains, which result in the special chain extension of PVC and the delay of autocatalytic effect and zipper‐like dehydrochlorination. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47004.