bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CNTs@C@Cu2‐xSe Hybrid Materials: An Advanced Electrode for High Performance Lithium Batteries and Supercapacitors
Authors: Jin Rencheng , Meng Meng , Zhang Shaohua , Yang Lixia , Li Guihua 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this work, one dimensional CNTs@C anchored with Cu2‐xSe nanospheres have been prepared by a facile solvothermal method. The parameters affected the morphology of the sample are investigated. When evaluated as anode for Li ion batteries, the obtained CNTs@C@Cu2‐xSe electrode delivers enhanced electrochemical performance with high reversible capacity, better cycle stability and rate capability. After 100th cycle, a discharge capacity of 399 mAh g−1 can be achieved at 0.1 A g−1. Even at high rate of 2 A g−1, the electrode can still keep a capacity of 198 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles. In addition, the obtained CNTs@C@Cu2‐xSe shows typical faradaic redox properties and exhibits excellent specific capacity (302.7 g−1 at 1 A g−1) and prominent cycling stability (86.9 % capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 2 A g−1). The enhanced electrochemical performance can be attributed to the unique structure. The Cu2‐xSe nanospheres consist of numerous nanocrystalline, which increases the contact area between Cu2‐xSe and electrolyte, reduces the pave length as well as accommodates volume change during cycling. The amorphous carbon layer with numerous carboxyl and hydroxyl groups strengthens the adhesion between the Cu2‐xSe and the CNTs. And the CNTs can enhance the conductivity of Cu2‐xSe and alleviate the mechanical stress and strain of the electrode during charge and discharge process.
The presence of algae mitigates the toxicity of copper-based algaecides to a nontarget organism
Authors: Bishop West M. , Willis Ben E. , Richardson Robert J. , Cope W. Gregory 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Copper-based algaecides are routinely applied to target noxious algal blooms in freshwaters. Standard toxicity testing data with copper suggest that typical concentrations used to control algae can cause deleterious acute impacts to nontarget organisms. These “clean” water experiments lack algae, which are specifically targeted in field applications of algaecides and contain competing ligands. The present research measured the influence of algae on algaecide exposure and subsequent response of the nontarget species Daphnia magna to copper sulfate and an ethanolamine-chelated copper algaecide (Captain®). Significant shifts (p &lt; 0.05) in D. magna 48-h median lethal concentration (LC50) values were found when algae were present in exposures along with a copper salt or a chelated copper formulation. Copper sulfate 48-h LC50 values shifted from 75.3 to 317.8 and 517.8 μg Cu/L, whereas Captain increased from 353.8 to 414.2 and 588.5 μg Cu/L in no algae, 5 × 105, and 5 × 106 cells/mL algae treatments, respectively. Larger shifts were measured with copper sulfate exposures, although Captain was less toxic to D. magna in all corresponding treatments. Captain was more effective at controlling Scenedesmus dimorphus at most concentrations, and control was inversely proportional to toxicity to D. magna. Overall, incorporating target competing ligands (i.e., algae) into standard toxicity testing is important for accurate risk assessment, and copper formulation can significantly alter algaecidal efficacy and risks to nontarget organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2132–2142. © 2018 SETAC
Effect of emulsifying stability of myofibrillar protein on the gel properties of emulsified surimi gel
Authors: Gao Yuanpei , Fukushima Hideto , Deng Shanggui , Jia Ru , Osako Kazufumi , Okazaki Emiko 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSeveral kinds of emulsified surimi gels were prepared from different quality levels of Alaska Pollack surimi, and the relationship between the emulsifying stability (ES) of myofibrillar protein and the properties of the emulsified surimi gels was investigated. Fish oil emulsified into surimi gels enhanced the breaking strength, but this was decreased by denaturation of the surimi protein, and the rate of enhanced gel‐forming ability with emulsification decreased with decreasing ES. Expressible drip also decreased with emulsification; however, increasing amounts of lipid in the expressible drip were separated out from the gel upon protein denaturation of the source surimi. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the shape of fish oil particles became irregular and some voids caused by oil leakage were observed with increasing storage period of source surimi. The results suggested that improvement in gel properties of the emulsified surimi gels was correlated with ES as well as the level of protein denaturation.
A new species of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) from the middle Miocene of Fujian, China, and a phytogeographic analysis
Authors: Wang Zixi , Sun Fankai , Xie Sanping , Wang Jidong , Li Yijie , Dong Junling , Sun Mingxuan , Sun Bainian 
Published: May 2018

Some well‐preserved Garcinia leaves were collected from middle Miocene deposits from the Fotan Group of Zhangpu County, Fujian, southeast China. Based on leaf architecture and cuticular characteristics, a new species was established, Garcinia zhangpuensis sp. nov. The leaves were elliptic with an acute apex, they had a major secondary vein meeting an adjacent vein to form an intramarginal vein, and the stomata were elliptical or rounded. Fossil leaf characteristics were compared with those of extant and other fossil species hitherto described in this genus. Here, we present the first fossil Garcinia leaf from China and provide a detailed description of its cuticular characteristics. Based on the analysis of leaf architecture and cuticular characteristics, the present fossil leaves most closely resemble those of extant Garcinia tonkinensis leaves, a species that prefers a subtropical climate. Hence, we can infer that G. zhangpuensis lived during the Miocene under a warm, tropical to subtropical climate. Based on the global paleogeographic distribution of Garcinia, we infer that this genus might have originated from Gondwanan during or prior to the Paleogene.
Ambient air pollution and human performance: Contemporaneous and acclimatization effects of ozone exposure on athletic performance
Authors: Mullins Jamie T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper utilizes a unique dataset of competitive outcomes from intercollegiate track and field competition to identify the relationship between recent ambient pollution exposure histories and human performance among a young and fit population in a diverse range of physically demanding "tasks". I find that higher contemporaneous ozone levels are associated with poorer performances in events that heavily tax the respiratory system. This is the case despite the low exposure levels observed in the studied sample, which are similar to those regularly experienced across the developed world. Such negative performance effects imply that observed ozone exposures are leading to physiological harm, which can be expected to negatively impact economic outcomes through both health and productivity channels. Leveraging the unique structure of the data— which includes location information for competitions and home institutions— I also identify an acclimatization effect whereby recent exposure to higher ozone levels serves to reduce the negative effects of contemporaneous exposure. This finding underscores the importance of regulating peak ozone levels rather than only mean concentrations, as spikes in ambient ozone levels can be particularly damaging to exposed populations.
Storage in confined aquifer: Spectral analysis of groundwater in responses to Earth tides and barometric effect
Authors: Shih David Ching‐Fang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDilatation of aquifer and associated water level fluctuation in groundwater well is known to be driven periodically from lunar, solar, or other tidal forces. Time‐dependent variables in groundwater system, such as water level, can be converted to power spectra in the frequency domain using Fourier transform to evaluate significant fluctuation. The major innovation of this research is to develop spectral representation in frequency domain for the groundwater system that the storage in confined aquifer can be determined considering dilatation affected by Earth tides and barometric effect. In order to verify applicability of the evolved method, time series of Earth tides and barograph are collected; aquifer storage is then determined inversely by selecting significant semidiurnal and diurnal components in spectra computation. It suggests that to discover groundwater storage using groundwater level with barograph and tidal potential of Earth in frequency domain becomes accessible and feasible.
A clinical follow‐up of omalizumab in routine treatment of allergic asthma monitored by CD‐sens
Authors: Johansson S. Gunnar O. , Lilja Gunnar , Hallberg Jenny , Nopp Anna 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionOmalizumab has been available for treatment of allergic asthma for more than a decade and thus, its efficacy in routine treatment was of interest to evaluate. Basophil allergen threshold sensitivity (CD‐sens) has been shown to correlate with the bronchial allergen threshold sensitivity and can be used to objectively measure omalizumab treatment efficacy. We aimed to evaluate the effect of omalizumab treatment of allergic asthma by CD‐sens, as an objective marker of the IgE‐mediated inflammation, and related to SPT, spirometry, FeNO, Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), and Global Evaluation of Treatment Effectiveness (GETE).MethodsThirty‐two patients were treated with omalizumab for 16 weeks. CD‐sens was used to define the response and related to clinical parameters. If CD‐sens was negative (<0.1) (CD‐sens low Group) the patient continued with the standard dose. If CD‐sens was ≥0.1 (CD‐sens high Group) a second 16 weeks period with 25–50% dosage increase was started and evaluated after a total of 32 weeks.ResultsNine of 32 patients became CD‐sens negative after treatment (CD‐sens start: 8.0; 16 weeks: <0.01) and regarded as successful. 15/23 were unsuccessful (CD‐sens start: 13; 16 weeks: 1.65) and the omalizumab dose was increased. CD‐sens decreased significantly (p < 0.05) and further 3/15 patients became CD‐sens negative (CD‐sens at 32 weeks: 0.5). There was a significantly smaller IgE‐ab fraction (IgE‐ab/IgE) in the CD‐sens low versus the CD‐sens high Group (p < 0.0001). A significant decrease in ACQ was seen in both groups after 16 weeks treatment (p = 0.05 and 0.01, respectively). No significant changes could be detected for the other clinical parameters.ConclusionBy the use of the objective laboratory method CD‐sens, which effectively measure the direct effect of omalizumab, that is, the IgE‐mediated part of the allergic asthma, in combination with clinical parameters it might be possible to more effectively monitor and treat IgE‐mediated allergic asthma.
Temozolomide regresses a doxorubicin‐resistant undifferentiated spindle‐cell sarcoma patient‐derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX): precision‐oncology nude‐mouse model matching the patient with effective therapy
Authors: Igarashi Kentaro , Kawaguchi Kei , Kiyuna Tasuku , Miyake Kentaro , Miyake Masuyo , Li Yunfeng , Nelson Scott D. , Dry Sarah M. , Singh Arun S. , Elliott Irmina A. , Russell Tara A. , Eckardt Mark A. , Yamamoto Norio , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Kimura Hiroaki , Miwa Shinji , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Eilber Fritz C. , Hoffman Robert M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUndifferentiated spindle‐cell sarcoma (USCS) is a recalcitrant cancer, resistant to conventional chemotherapy. A patient with high‐grade USCS from a striated muscle was implanted orthotopically in the right biceps femoris muscle of mice to establish a patient‐derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. The PDOX models were randomized into the following groups when tumor volume reached 100 mm3: G1, control without treatment; G2, doxorubicin (DOX) (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.] injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); G3, temozolomide (TEM) (25 mg/kg, p.o., daily, for 14 days). Tumor size and body weight were measured with calipers and a digital balance twice a week. TEM significantly inhibited tumor volume growth compared to the untreated control and the DOX‐treated group on day 14 after treatment initiation: control (G1): 343 ± 78 mm3; DOX (G2): 308 ± 31 mm3, P = 0.272; TEM (G3): 85 ± 21 mm3, P < 0.0001. TEM significantly regressed the tumor volume compared to day 0 (P = 0.019). There were no animal deaths in any group. The body weight of treated mice was not significantly different in any group. Tumors treated with DOX were comprised of spindle‐shaped viable cells without apparent necrosis or inflammatory changes. In contrast, tumors treated with TEM showed extensive tumor necrosis. The present study demonstrates the potential power of matching the patient with an effective drug and saving the patient needless toxicity from ineffective drugs.
Metformin increases the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin in human DLD‐1 colorectal cancer cells through down‐regulating HMGB1 expression
Authors: Huang Wen‐Shih , Lin Chien‐Tsong , Chen Cheng‐Nan , Chang Shun‐Fu , Chang Hsin‐I , Lee Ko‐Chao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Chemotherapy has been the major strategy for treating patients with advanced CRC. Oxaliplatin (OXA) is used as both an adjuvant and neoadjuvant anticancer agent available to treat advanced CRC. High‐mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a critical regulator of cell death and survival. HMGB1 overexpression has been shown to be resistant to cytotoxic agents. In addition, Metformin, a widely used drug for diabetes, has emerged as a potential anticancer agent. In this study, we examined whether HMGB1 plays a role in the OXA‐ and/or metformin‐induced cytotoxic effect on CRC cells. The results showed that treatment with OXA increased HMGB1 expression in the ERK1/2‐ and Akt‐dependent manners in DLD‐1 cells. HMGB1 gene knockdown enhanced the cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition of OXA. Moreover, OXA‐increased HMGB1 expression was by inducing NF‐κB‐DNA‐binding activity to in DLD‐1 cells. Compared to a single agent, OXA combined with metformin administration resulted in cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition synergistically, accompanied with reduced HMGB1 level. These findings may have implications for the rational design of future drug regimens incorporating OXA and metformin for the treatment of CRC.
Mechanisms involved in enhancement of osteoclast formation by activin‐A
Authors: Kajita Tomonari , Ariyoshi Wataru , Okinaga Toshinori , Mitsugi Sho , Tominaga Kazuhiro , Nishihara Tatsuji 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSeveral growth factors in bone tissues are reported to be associated with osteoclastogenesis. Activin‐A, a member of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) family is known to be present in bone tissues and an important regulator in osteoclastogenesis with SMAD‐mediated signaling being crucial for inducing osteoclast differentiation. In the present study, we examined the effect and underlying mechanisms of activin‐A on osteoclast formation in vitro culture systems. Activin‐A enhanced osteoclast formation in both mouse bone marrow cells and monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 cells induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) ligand (RANKL) and/or macrophage stimulating factor (M‐CSF). We also found that activin‐A stimulated bone resorption and actin ring formation induced by RANKL and/or M‐CSF. Furthermore, activin‐A enhanced RANKL‐induced expression of nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis, thereby increasing osteoclastogenesis‐related marker gene expression, including tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase, osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein, and cathepsin K. Blockage of receptor binding by follistatin, an activing‐binding protein suppressed the activin‐A‐mediated stimulation of NFATc1. In addition, activin‐A increased RANKL‐induced c‐fos expression without significantly affecting the NF‐κB and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Pre‐treatment of the cells with a specific inhibitor of SMAD2/3 attenuated the activin‐A‐induced expression of NFATc1 and co‐immunoprecipitation assay revealed that treatment with activin‐A increased physical interaction of phosphorylated‐c‐fos and phosphorylated‐SMAD2 protein induced by RANKL. These results suggest that activin‐A enhances RANKL‐induced osteoclast formation mediated by interaction of c‐fos and smad2/3.
IL‐1β from M2 macrophages promotes migration and invasion of ESCC cells enhancing epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and activating NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Zhou Jian , Zheng Shutao , Liu Tao , Liu Qing , Chen Yumei , Tan Doudou , Ma Rong , Lu Xiaomei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDespite the phenotype has been established that M2 macrophages promotes the metastasis of ESCC, question still remains as to how the M2 macrophages facilitated metastasis of ESCC cells. To begin with, immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of CD163, one typical surface marker of M2 macrophages in 90 paired ESCC and its normal controls after meta‐analyzing the relevant studies regarding M2 macrophages in ESCC, confirming that infiltration of M2 macrophages was significantly linked with lymph node metastasis, T classification, and inferior overall survival of ESCC. To explore the mechanism behind, protein factors secreted by M2 macrophages were identified using antibody microarray. Six different significantly differential protein factors were screened out, including IL‐1β, TIMP1, IL‐1α, MDC, TGF‐β1, and TGF‐β2. Among which, IL‐1β was picked up as cytokine as interest based on previous reports and its absolute fold. Functional analysis of IL‐1β showed that IL‐1β was able to promote migration and invasion of ESCC cells, enhancing epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and activating NF‐κB pathway. Our study supports the promoting role of M2 macrophages in metastasis of ESCC cells, enriching the profile of protein factors released from M2 macrophages.
Characterization of miRNA transcriptome profiles related to breast muscle development and intramuscular fat deposition in chickens
Authors: Fu Shouyi , Zhao Yinli , Li Yuanfang , Li Guoxi , Chen Yi , Li Zhuanjian , Sun Guirong , Li Hong , Kang Xiangtao , Yan Fengbin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStudies of the miRNA expression profiles associated with the postnatal late development of skeletal muscle and IMF deposition are lacking in chicken. Here, we evaluated the patterns of muscle fiber growth and IMF deposition in breast muscle in the Chinese domestic breed called Gushi chicken, where we constructed four small RNA libraries from breast muscle tissues at 6, 14, 22, and 30 weeks. A total of 388 known miRNAs and 31 novel miRNAs were identified based on four small RNA libraries. Comparative analysis identified 92 significant differentially expressed (SDE) miRNAs based on six combinations. KEGG pathway analysis for the SDE miRNAs showed that metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and biosynthesis of amino acids were significantly enriched before 22 weeks, and pathways such as biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid elongation were significantly enriched after 22 weeks. This trend was consistent with the patterns of breast muscle fiber growth and IMF deposition in Gushi chickens. We also constructed miRNA‐mRNA interaction networks related to breast muscle development and IMF deposition. The results showed that miRNAs such as gga‐miR‐1a‐3p, and gga‐miR‐133a‐5p may play important roles in breast muscle development, and miRNAs such as gga‐miR‐103‐3p, and gga‐miR‐138‐2‐3p may have key roles in IMF deposition. This study determined the dynamic miRNA transcriptome in breast muscle tissue for the first time in Gushi chickens. The results provide a valuable resource for investigating the post‐transcriptional regulation mechanisms during postnatal late development of breast muscle and IMF deposition and for evaluating the muscular disease.
Re‐using bauxite residues: benefits beyond (critical raw) material recovery
Authors: Ujaczki Éva , Feigl Viktória , Molnár Mónika , Cusack Patricia , Curtin Teresa , Courtney Ronan , O'Donoghue Lisa , Davris Panagiotis , Hugi Christoph , Evangelou Michael WH , Balomenos Efthymios , Lenz Markus 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSince the world economy has been confronted with an increasing risk of supply shortages of critical raw materials (CRMs), there has been a major interest in identifying alternative secondary sources of CRMs. Bauxite residues from alumina production are available at a multi‐million tonnes scale worldwide. So far, attempts have been made to find alternative re‐use applications for bauxite residues, for instance in cement / pig iron production. However, bauxite residues also constitute an untapped secondary source of CRMs. Depending on their geological origin and processing protocol, bauxite residues can contain considerable amounts of valuable elements. The obvious primary consideration for CRM recovery from such residues is the economic value of the materials contained. However, there are further benefits from re‐use of bauxite residues in general, and from CRM recovery in particular. These go beyond monetary values (e.g. reduced investment / operational costs resulting from savings in disposal). For instance, benefits for the environment and health can be achieved by abatement of tailing storage as well as by reduction of emissions from conventional primary mining. Whereas certain tools (e.g. life‐cycle analysis) can be used to quantify the latter, other benefits (in particular sustained social and technological development) are harder to quantify. This review evaluates strategies of bauxite residue re‐use / recycling and identifies associated benefits beyond elemental recovery. Furthermore, methodologies to translate risks and benefits into quantifiable data are discussed. Ultimately, such quantitative data are a prerequisite for facilitating decision‐making regarding bauxite residue re‐use / recycling and a stepping stone towards developing a zero‐waste alumina production process. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Intracellular uranium distribution: Comparison of cryogenic fixation versus chemical fixation methods for SIMS analysis
Authors: Suhard D. , Tessier C. , Manens L. , Rebière F. , Tack K. , Agarande M. , Guéguen Y. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLocalization of uranium within cells is mandatory for the comprehension of its cellular mechanism of toxicity. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) has recently shown its interest to detect and localize uranium at very low levels within the cells. This technique requires a specific sample preparation similar to the one used for Transmission Electronic Microscopy, achieved by implementing different chemical treatments to preserve as much as possible the living configuration uranium distribution into the observed sample. This study aims to compare the bioaccumulation sites of uranium within liver or kidney cells after chemical fixation and cryomethods preparations of the samples: SIMS analysis of theses samples show the localization of uranium soluble forms in the cell cytoplasm and nucleus with a more homogenous distribution when using cryopreparation probably due to the diffusible portion of uranium inside the cytoplasm.