bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Old Amharic poem from northern Ethiopia: one more text on condemning glory
Authors: Bulakh Maria , Nosnitsin Denis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article presents a publication and translation (with linguistic and philological commentaries) of a recently discovered piece of Old Amharic poetry, possibly dating to the first half/middle of the seventeenth century. The published text bears the titleMärgämä kəbr(“Condemnation of glory”), but its content differs from that of several other Old Amharic poems (not entirely independent from each other) known under the same title. It is only the general idea and the main topics that are shared by allMärgämä kəbrpoems: transience of the earthly world, the inevitability of death and of God's judgement, and the necessity of leading a virtuous life. One can thus speak ofMärgämä kəbras a special genre of early Amharic literature, probably originally belonging to the domain of oral literature and used to address the Christian community with the aim of religious education and admonition of laymen.
Economics of wastewater management in China's industry
Authors: An Yao , Zhang Lin , Adom Philip Kofi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article provides an economic investigation into the underlying causes of industrial wastewater emissions. We examine the direct and the structural break-induced effect of national environmental regulation on industrial wastewater emissions. The results show that strict environmental regulation can partially offset the energy-induced effects imposed by the scale effects of foreign direct inflows and cause positive behavioral responses by either limiting coal usage or improving upon coal usage technology and shift towards clean energy sources. We find the absence of scale economies in the provision of environmental services in the industrial sector due to the poor nature of the technical processes of industries. We further highlight the importance of raising the investment in environmental treatment and embracing trade liberalization in the improvement of industrial wastewater management.
Lowermost Mantle Anisotropy Beneath Africa From Differential SKS‐SKKS Shear‐Wave Splitting
Authors: Reiss M. C. , Long M. D. , Creasy N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe investigate seismic anisotropy in the lowermost mantle in the vicinity of the African large low shear velocity province (LLSVP) using observations of differential SKS‐SKKS shear‐wave splitting. We use data from 375 permanent and temporary stations in Africa which enable us to map the spatial distribution of the anisotropic regions of the lowermost mantle in unprecedented detail. Our results corroborate previous findings that anisotropy is most clearly observed at the margins of the LLSVP, indicating strong deformation at its border, and they are generally consistent with a mostly isotropic LLSVP interior. We find that most discrepant SKS‐SKKS measurements sample the lowermost mantle close to what is inferred to be the root of the Afar plume. We also identify strongly discrepant splitting in the vicinity of a previously mapped ultralow velocity zone (ULVZ) at the base of the LLSVP, beneath Central Africa. This represents an unusual observation of lowermost mantle anisotropy that is spatially coincident with a ULVZ and may reflect a unique anisotropic mechanism such as alignment of partial melt or the presence of strongly anisotropic magnesiowüstite. We interpret discrepant measurements outside of the LLSVP as likely reflecting a change in flow direction from the horizontal plane to a more vertical direction, which may be caused by deflection at the steep LLSVP border. We propose that our observations of D″ anisotropy associated with the African LLSVP can be explained by a mantle flow regime that maintains passive thermochemical piles with slab‐driven flow and allows for the formation of upwellings at their edges.
Elastic and Mechanical Properties of Dune Sand: Experiments and Models
Authors: Muqtadir Arqam , Al‐Dughaimi Saud , Kandil Mohamed E. , Ali Abdulwahab , Dvorkin Jack P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUltrasonic elastic‐wave velocities, as well as the stress‐strain behavior, were measured on dry dune sand from Saudi Arabia under hydrostatic loading from 0 to 50 MPa. The samples came from the dune's crest, limb, and base. The experiments included several loading and unloading cycles. All samples exhibited irreversible deformation and porosity reduction during the tests due to grain repacking in low‐stress regimes and grain breakage at higher stress. The loading behavior was plastic, while the unloading/reloading behavior was elastic. In spite of noticeable porosity variations during the experiments, the elastic‐wave velocities mainly depended on the stress rather than on porosity. Our velocity versus stress data is very close to earlier published results, although the provenance of the sand is very different, pointing at a universality of such behavior in loose sand. Our results were matched by the contact Hertz‐Mindlin theory with varying coordination number and shear‐stiffness adjustment. We also offer a new theoretical model for the static bulk modulus measured in these experiments. This model is based on the concept of stress heterogeneity (stress chains or patches) in a granular pack and uses elastic bound averaging of the respective moduli of stressed and unstressed parts of the pack. The same model is used to describe the velocity versus stress behavior. These results and theory constitute a new installment into the published sparse data of the mechanical properties of unconsolidated sand as well as theoretical analyses thereof and are the first ever such data generated in Saudi Arabia.
Microglial TREM-1 receptor mediates neuroinflammatory injury via interaction with SYK in experimental ischemic stroke
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Zhang Xiaohao , Liu Qian , Xie Yi , Shi Xiaolei , Chen Jingjing , Li Yunzi , Guo Hongquan , Sun Rui , Hong Ye , Liu Xinfeng , Xu Gelin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNeuroinflammation is initiated in response to ischemic stroke, generally with the hallmarks of microglial activation and collateral brain injury contributed by robust inflammatory effects. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1, an amplifier of the innate immune response, is a critical regulator of inflammation. This study identified that microglial TREM-1 expression was upregulated following cerebral ischemic injury. After pharmacologic inhibition of TREM-1 with synthetic peptide LP17, ischemia-induced infarction and neuronal injury were substantially alleviated. Moreover, blockade of TREM-1 can potentiate cellular proliferation and synaptic plasticity in hippocampus, resulting in long-term functional improvement. Microglial M1 polarization and neutrophil recruitment were remarkably abrogated as mRNA levels of M1 markers, chemokines, and protein levels of myeloperoxidase and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were decreased by LP17. Mechanistically, both in vivo and in vitro, we delineated that TREM-1 can activate downstream pro-inflammatory pathways, CARD9/NF-κB, and NLRP3/caspase-1, through interacting with spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK). In addition, TREM-1-induced SYK initiation was responsible for microglial pyroptosis by elevating levels of gasdermin D (GSDMD), N-terminal fragment of GSDMD (GSDMD-N), and forming GSDMD pores, which can facilitate the release of intracellular inflammatory factors, in microglia. In summary, microglial TREM-1 receptor yielded post-stroke neuroinflammatory damage via associating with SYK.
Speech-Language Pathologist–Guided Morphological Awareness Instruction in the General Education Classroom
Authors: Henbest Victoria S. , Apel Kenn , Mitchell Alexis 
Published: July 2019

PurposeResearch has shown that instruction in morphological awareness improves students' understanding and use of affixes. However, morphological awareness instruction, typically, is not provided in the general education classroom, and there are few documented collaborations between teachers and speech-language pathologists (SLPs), the latter of whom have a unique expertise in language. Thus, the purpose of this article was to determine the feasibility of an SLP-guided morphological awareness instructional program in a general education classroom.MethodAfter completing a webinar training in morphological awareness, 2 general education teachers implemented morphological awareness lessons in their classrooms over an 8-week period. The teachers and collaborating SLP met weekly to discuss the lessons. Following implementation of the lessons, the teachers completed a questionnaire surveying their opinions on the collaboration. They, along with their students, also completed pre- and postmeasures of their morphological awareness.ResultsResults indicated that the teachers' morphological awareness, as assessed by the morphological awareness measure, did not improve as a result of implementing the lessons; however, the teachers reported that they valued the collaboration and the importance of morphological awareness instruction. Most importantly, the students' morphological awareness skills increased significantly following receipt of the morphological awareness lessons. The effects of these gains were moderate to large.ConclusionsFindings suggest that teachers with limited morphological awareness can successfully implement scripted morphological awareness lessons that result in meaningful gains in their students' morphological awareness. Limitations and suggestions for future research on the collaboration between SLPs and teachers are discussed.
Kann man rheumatische Gelenke mit Fischöl schmieren?
Authors: Schmiedel Volker 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungEPA und DHA sind Präkursoren antientzündlicher Botenstoffe und beeinflussen den Stoffwechsel antiinflammatorischer Leukotriene. Daher haben die maritimen ω-3-Fettsäuren einen hohen Stellenwert in der Therapie von Rheuma. Rückgang von Schmerzen, Gelenkschwellungen und Morgensteifigkeit sind selbst bei schwerem Verlauf der Erkrankung möglich. Die in Studien gefundene Wirkung ist umso deutlicher, je höher die ω-3-Dosis ist, je mehr EPA im Verhältnis zu DHA eingesetzt und je länger die Therapie durchgeführt wird. Zur Einnahme eignen sich Fischöl und Algenöl, während Leinöl mit seinem hohen Gehalt an der ω-3-Fettsäure α-Linolensäure erwartungsgemäß keine antiinflammatorische Wirkung zeigt. In der Diagnostik chronisch entzündlicher Erkrankungen hilft eine Fettsäureanalyse, die benötigte Dosis festzulegen.
The global TEFL tourism industry.
Authors: Stainton H. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

This chapter defines TEFL tourism (i.e., tourism that involves teaching English as a foreign language) before examining the TEFL opportunities worldwide. Voluntary versus paid positions, self-sourced positions, development agency positions, and tour operator positions are discussed. Ambiguities in TEFL tourism are also briefly considered, before discussing the regulation of the sector.
Revalorization of Europe's natural areas of spiritual value and pilgrimage routes: inspirational tendencies.
Authors: Mallarach J. M. , Gordi J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

This chapter examines the evolution of the sacred in the conservation of nature, together with a series of reflections and initiatives relating to the conservation of the heritage of natural places of high spiritual value and the lines that connect them, that is to say, the pilgrimage routes. The section on inspirational tendencies also considers a number of interesting developments in environmental education linked to these landscapes, and these guide the final discussion, which centres on the need to expand the perspective of the models for the governance of protected natural areas that currently prevail in most European countries and adopt more inclusive, fairer and more equitable approaches.
GSMA: an approach to identify robust global and test Gene Signatures using Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shafi Adib , Nguyen Tin , Peyvandipour Azam , Draghici Sorin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Recent advances in biomedical research have made massive amount of transcriptomic data available in public repositories from different sources. Due to the heterogeneity present in the individual experiments, identifying reproducible biomarkers for a given disease from multiple independent studies has become a major challenge. The widely used meta-analysis approaches, such as Fisher’s method, Stouffer’s method, minP and maxP, have at least two major limitations: (i) they are sensitive to outliers, and (ii) they perform only one statistical test for each individual study, and hence do not fully utilize the potential sample size to gain statistical power.

Results
Here, we propose a gene-level meta-analysis framework that overcomes these limitations and identifies a gene signature that is reliable and reproducible across multiple independent studies of a given disease. The approach provides a comprehensive global signature that can be used to understand the underlying biological phenomena, and a smaller test signature that can be used to classify future samples of a given disease. We demonstrate the utility of the framework by constructing disease signatures for influenza and Alzheimer’s disease using nine datasets including 1108 individuals. These signatures are then validated on 12 independent datasets including 912 individuals. The results indicate that the proposed approach performs better than the majority of the existing meta-analysis approaches in terms of both sensitivity as well as specificity. The proposed signatures could be further used in diagnosis, prognosis and identification of therapeutic targets.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Estimating and testing the microbial causal mediation effect with high-dimensional and compositional microbiome data
Authors: Wang Chan , Hu Jiyuan , Blaser Martin J , Li Huilin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMotivationRecent microbiome association studies have revealed important associations between microbiome and disease/health status. Such findings encourage scientists to dive deeper to uncover the causal role of microbiome in the underlying biological mechanism, and have led to applying statistical models to quantify causal microbiome effects and to identify the specific microbial agents. However, there are no existing causal mediation methods specifically designed to handle high dimensional and compositional microbiome data.ResultsWe propose a rigorous Sparse Microbial Causal Mediation Model (SparseMCMM) specifically designed for the high dimensional and compositional microbiome data in a typical three-factor (treatment, microbiome and outcome) causal study design. In particular, linear log-contrast regression model and Dirichlet regression model are proposed to estimate the causal direct effect of treatment and the causal mediation effects of microbiome at both the community and individual taxon levels. Regularization techniques are used to perform the variable selection in the proposed model framework to identify signature causal microbes. Two hypothesis tests on the overall mediation effect are proposed and their statistical significance is estimated by permutation procedures. Extensive simulated scenarios show that SparseMCMM has excellent performance in estimation and hypothesis testing. Finally, we showcase the utility of the proposed SparseMCMM method in a study which the murine microbiome has been manipulated by providing a clear and sensible causal path among antibiotic treatment, microbiome composition and mouse weight.Availability and implementationhttps://sites.google.com/site/huilinli09/software and https://github.com/chanw0/SparseMCMM.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
How sequence alignment scores correspond to probability models
Authors: Frith Martin C 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Sequence alignment remains fundamental in bioinformatics. Pair-wise alignment is traditionally based on ad hoc scores for substitutions, insertions and deletions, but can also be based on probability models (pair hidden Markov models: PHMMs). PHMMs enable us to: fit the parameters to each kind of data, calculate the reliability of alignment parts and measure sequence similarity integrated over possible alignments.

Results
This study shows how multiple models correspond to one set of scores. Scores can be converted to probabilities by partition functions with a ‘temperature’ parameter: for any temperature, this corresponds to some PHMM. There is a special class of models with balanced length probability, i.e. no bias toward either longer or shorter alignments. The best way to score alignments and assess their significance depends on the aim: judging whether whole sequences are related versus finding related parts. This clarifies the statistical basis of sequence alignment.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
diSTruct v1.0: generating biomolecular structures from distance constraints
Authors: Taubert Oskar , Reinartz Ines , Meyerhenke Henning , Schug Alexander 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Summary
The distance geometry problem is often encountered in molecular biology and the life sciences at large, as a host of experimental methods produce ambiguous and noisy distance data. In this note, we present diSTruct; an adaptation of the generic MaxEnt-Stress graph drawing algorithm to the domain of biological macromolecules. diSTruct is fast, provides reliable structural models even from incomplete or noisy distance data and integrates access to graph analysis tools.

Availability and implementation
diSTruct is written in C++, Cython and Python 3. It is available from https://github.com/KIT-MBS/distruct.git or in the Python package index under the MIT license.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients With Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome
Authors: Bae Seongman , Hwang Hye Jeon , Kim Mi Young , Kim Min Jae , Chong Yong Pil , Lee Sang-Oh , Choi Sang-Ho , Kim Yang Soo , Woo Jun Hee , Kim Sung-Han 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Sixteen of 45 patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia (36%) were admitted to an intensive care unit; 9 (56%) developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) within a median of 8 days (range, 2–11). Mortality was higher in the IPA vs non-IPA patients and in those without vs with antifungal therapy.
Influence of tribofilms on failures and friction of gears with particular focus on running-in
Authors: Ziegltrum Andreas , Emrich Stefan , Lohner Thomas , Michaelis Klaus , Brodyanski Alexander , Merz Rolf , Kopnarski Michael , Hoehn Bernd-Robert , Stahl Karsten 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to address the influence of tribofilms and running-in on failures and friction of gears. The operation regime of gears is increasingly shifted to mixed and boundary lubrication, where high local pressures and temperatures occur at solid interactions in the gear contact. This results in strong tribofilm formation due to interactions of lubricant and its additives with the gear flanks and is related to changes of surface topography especially pronounced during running-in.Design/methodology/approachExperiments at a twin-disk and gear test rig were combined with chemical, structural and mechanical tribofilm characterization by surface analysis. Pitting lifetime, scuffing load carrying capacity and friction of ground spur gears were investigated for a mineral oil with different additives.FindingsExperimental investigations showed a superordinate influence of tribofilms over surface roughness changes on damage and friction behavior of gears. Surface analysis of tribofilms provides explanatory approaches for friction behavior and load carrying capacity. A recommendation for the running-in of spur gears was derived.Originality/valueExperimental methods and modern surface analysis were combined to study the influence of running-in and tribofilms on different failures and friction of spur gears.
Panel modeling of z-score: evidence from Islamic and conventional Saudi banks
Authors: Ghassan Hassan Belkacem , Guendouz Abdelkrim Ahmed 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to measure the stability extent of the banking sector in Saudi Arabia, including Islamic and conventional banks (CBs), using quarterly data.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses seemingly unrelated regressions to estimate the determinants of the z-score.FindingsThe panel data model shows that Islamic banks (IBs) reduce the financial stability index relatively; meanwhile, they contribute efficiently to enhance the financial stability through the diversification of their assets. The Saudi banking sector exhibits strong concentration affecting the financial stability negatively.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper’s topic can be extended to cover the recent period.Practical implicationsThe limited presence of IBs in the Saudi banking sector jeopardizes any effort to improve the financial stability.Social implicationsBy attracting more clients, IBs would contribute more to the financial stability in the Saudi economy. Also, the monetary authority has to expand the share of IBs in the financial system at least 50-50 compared to CBs.Originality/valueThe z-score is mostly analyzed with yearly data; in this paper we use quarterly data to describe at infra-annual frequency the variability of the z-score index. Also, we consider in detail the statistical properties of the banks’ data.
Mobile app communication aid for Cypriot deaf people
Authors: Pieri Katerina , Cobb Sue Valerie Gray 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
People with severe or profound hearing loss face daily communication problems mainly due to the language barrier between themselves and the hearing community. Their hearing deficiency, as well as their use of sign language, often makes it difficult for them to use and understand spoken language. Cyprus is amongst the top 5 European countries with a relatively high proportion of registered deaf people (0.12 per cent of the population: GUL, 2010). However, lack of technological and financial support to the Deaf Community of Cyprus leaves the Cypriot deaf people unsupported and marginalised. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
This study implemented user-centred design methods to explore the communication needs and requirements of Cypriot deaf people and develop a functional prototype of a mobile app to help them to communicate more effectively with hearing people. A total of 76 deaf adults were involved in various stages of the research. This paper presents the participatory design activities (N=8) and results of usability testing (N=8).

Findings
The study found that users were completely satisfied with the mobile app and, in particular, they liked the use of Cypriot Sign Language (CSL) videos of a real person interpreting hearing people’s speech in real time and the custom onscreen keyboard to allow faster selection of text input.

Originality/value
Despite advances in communication aid technologies, there is currently no technology available that supports CSL or real-time speech to sign language conversion for the deaf people of Cyprus.