bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
You Can't Run, but You Can Hide: The Skeleton of the Sand‐Swimmer LizardCalyptommatus leiolepis(Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae)
Authors: Holovacs Nicholas T. , Daza Juan D. , Guerra Cecilia , Stanley Edward L. , Montero Ricardo 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTSquamates exhibit a vast diversity of body plans, which directly determines habitat use and preference. Here the skeleton of the sand‐swimmer burrower gymnophthalmid,Calyptommatus leiolepis, is analyzed to investigate how its peculiar fossorial locomotion affects its osteology.Calyptommatus leiolepisis a limb‐reduced, short‐intermediate tailed lizard. Although there are other studies on its general anatomy, we performed a detailed description of its skeleton. Using high‐resolution computer tomography, each bone element within the skeleton was digitally segmented and a detailed description rendered. Anatomical features related to burrowing include the head having a shovel‐like snout with a well‐developed horizontal soft tissue ridge, nasal cartilages that exclude sand from the nostrils, reduced eyes covered by a brille, lack of forelimbs, extreme reduction of hind limbs, and imbricated scales among others. The genusCalyptommatushas unique features such as a triradiate jugal (with digit‐like posterior projections), a reduced pectoral girdle and forelimbs, parasternal processes that interconnect the ribs, and a single digit in the hind limbs. When comparing this species with other gymnophthalmid lizards including, fossorial species, it is clear thatCalyptommatusexhibits the highest number of structural modifications within the family. Despite its specialized morphology, it still retains characters that link this genus to other members of Gymnophthalmidae when included in a phylogeny based solely on phenotypic data. Anat Rec, 303:1305–1326, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Cardiovascular Safety of Tocilizumab Versus Etanercept in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Giles Jon T. , Sattar Naveed , Gabriel Sherine , Ridker Paul M. , Gay Steffen , Warne Charles , Musselman David , Brockwell Laura , Shittu Emma , Klearman Micki , Fleming Thomas R. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with tocilizumab compared to those treated with the tumor necrosis factor inhibitor etanercept.MethodsThis randomized, open‐label, parallel‐group trial enrolled patients with active seropositive RA (n = 3,080) who had an inadequate response to conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs and who had at least 1 cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive open‐label tocilizumab at 8 mg/kg/month or etanercept at 50 mg/week. All patients were followed up for a mean of 3.2 years. The primary end point was comparison of time to first occurrence of MACE. The trial was powered to exclude a relative hazard ratio for MACE of 1.8 or higher in the tocilizumab group compared to the etanercept group.ResultsBy week 4 of treatment, the serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were a median 11.1%, 5.7%, and 13.6% higher, respectively, in patients receiving tocilizumab compared to those receiving etanercept (each P < 0.001). During follow‐up, 83 MACE occurred in the tocilizumab group compared to 78 MACE in the etanercept group. The estimated hazard ratio for occurrence of MACE in the tocilizumab group relative to the etanercept group was 1.05 (95% confidence interval 0.77–1.43). Results were similar in sensitivity analyses and in the on‐treatment population analysis. Adverse events occurred more frequently in the tocilizumab group, including serious infection and gastrointestinal perforation.ConclusionThe results of this trial, which provide insights into the CV safety of tocilizumab as compared to etanercept, ruled out a risk for occurrence of MACE of 1.43 or higher in patients treated with tocilizumab. This result should be interpreted in the context of the clinical efficacy and non‐CV safety of tocilizumab.
A self‐triggered scheme for cyber‐physical systems under denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Geng Qing , Liu Fucai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA security issue in the stability analysis problem is investigated for cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) in this paper. A stability guaranteed self‐triggered scheme is proposed to actively defend the denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks and reduce unnecessary data communications in delta domain. In the self‐triggered scheme, a predictive agent is designed, in which the stability of the CPS is considered. A transmit instant is confirmed based on the packets dropout caused by the DoS attacks and the time‐varying delays in the communication channel. Furthermore, a sufficient condition in view of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is derived for stability of the CPS under DoS attacks. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the validity of the scheme.
Suppressed eddy driving during southward excursions of the North Atlantic jet on synoptic to seasonal time scales
Authors: Madonna Erica , Li Camille , Wettstein Justin J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractJet streams shape midlatitude weather and climate. The North Atlantic jet is mainly eddy‐driven, with frequent north–south excursions on synoptic time scales arising from eddy forcings and feedbacks. There are, however, special periods during which the underlying dynamics appear to change—for example, winter 2009/2010, when the jet was persistently southward‐shifted, extremely zonal, and more thermally driven. This study shows evidence that the southern jet configuration exhibits altered dynamical behavior involving a shift in the balance of thermal and eddy‐driving processes, independent of timescale. Specifically, southern jets exhibit weaker eddy feedbacks and are associated with enhanced heating in the tropical Pacific. During winter 2009/2010, a remarkably frequent (66 days out of the 90‐day winter season) and persistent southern jet shaped the unusual seasonal signature. These results bridge the synoptic and climate perspectives of jet variability, with potential to help understand and reduce biases in regional climate variability as simulated by models.
Cancer‐associated fibroblasts secrete Wnt2 to promote cancer progression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Aizawa Takashi , Karasawa Hideaki , Funayama Ryo , Shirota Matsuyuki , Suzuki Takashi , Maeda Shimpei , Suzuki Hideyuki , Yamamura Akihiro , Naitoh Takeshi , Nakayama Keiko , Unno Michiaki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent studies have shown that the tumor microenvironment plays a significant role in the progression of solid tumors. As an abundant component of the tumor microenvironment, cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been shown to promote tumorigenesis and cancer aggressiveness, but their molecular characteristics remain poorly understood. In the present study, paired CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) were isolated from five colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues from patients who underwent surgical resection. The gene expression profiles of CAFs and NFs identified by RNA sequencing were compared to understand the complex role of CAFs in cancer progression. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed that the gene sets related to the Wnt signaling pathway were highly enriched in CAFs, as well as TGFβ signaling, which is considered to be a regulator of CAFs. Among the components of this pathway, Wnt2 was specifically expressed. The observations led us to speculate that Wnt2 is extremely involved in regulating CRC progression by CAFs. Thus, we performed immunohistochemical analysis on Wnt2 in 171 patients who underwent surgery for colorectal adenocarcinoma. Positive staining for Wnt2 was mainly observed in cancer stroma, although the immunoreactivity was weak in cancer cells. Wnt2 expression in CAFs was significantly correlated with depth of tumor (P < .001), lymph node metastasis (P = .044), TNM stage (P = .010), venous invasion (P < .001), and recurrence (P = .013). Subsequent in vitro analyses were conducted using conditioned medium (CM) from immortalized CAFs transfected with siRNA targeting Wnt2. As a result, cancer cell invasion and migration were significantly decreased in the CM from immortalized CAFs transfected with siRNA targeting Wnt2. Our findings indicated that Wnt2 protein released from CAFs enhances CRC cell invasion and migration. In conclusion, Wnt2 secreted by CAFs plays a key role in cancer progression and is a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
A rare and reversible case of heart failure—Hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism
Authors: de Oliveira Martins Duarte Josiana , Pestana Pereira Paula Maria Lobato , Sobral Ana Sofia Gonçalves , Campoamor Durán David , da Silva Fernandes Ana Isabel , Rita Henrique José Barrelas , de Sousa e Costa José António 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPhysicians should look more carefully for the potential reversible causes of acute heart failure, namely hypoparathyroidism. The recovery of left ventricular function with the treatment of hypoparathyroidism underlines the importance of calcium and the reversibility of this type of cardiomyopathy.
Drastic drop in blood flow of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation induced by an excessive increase in intra‐abdominal pressure in an obese patient
Authors: Kandori Kenji , Narumiya Hiromichi , Iiduka Ryoji 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObesity and conditions that increase intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP) should be considered as risk factors for reduced extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) blood flow (BF) drastically. For obese patients on ECMO, effective IAP control and risk factor assessment is necessary to prevent excessive IAP elevation and subsequent drop in ECMO BF.
The interference with transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation by the anterior chordae tendineae preserved at previous mitral valve replacement
Authors: Furuta Akihisa , Sato Katsumasa , Morimoto Hironobu , Mukai Shogo , Goto Kenji 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPreserved anterior chordae tendineae is a possible risk factor for disturbing delivery of a transcatheter heart valve. Inserting a sheath just below the aortic valve for delivery of the transcatheter heart valve might be proposed as an alternative to avoid the chordae tendineae.
One‐Step Synthesis of Ultrathin NiMn Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets for Supercapacitors
Authors: Yang Zhao , Wang Xuemin , Zhang Hang , Yan Sihao , Zhang Cui , Liu Shuangxi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWith the help of ethylenediamine (EN), we built through hydrothermal synthesis a multiple‐level NiMn layered double hydroxide nanostructure consisting of ultrathin nanosheets (UNML) with plenty buffer spaces. Such porous structure provides more active sites, shortens the diffusion path of electrolyte ions, and creates massive “live volume” to ensure structural integrity during long‐term cycling. The UNML possesses high specific capacitance (1513 F g−1 at 1 A g−1). Moreover, the hybrid supercapacitor employing UNML and AC as positive and negative electrode delivers enhanced energy density up to 59 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 808 W kg−1 and robust cycling stability with capacitance degradation of 8.7 % after 5000 cycles. This simple strategy is expected to cope with the prevalent issues facing battery‐type electrode materials, ensuring improvement of the overall electrochemical performance.
Enhancing Potency and Selectivity of a DC‐SIGN Glycomimetic Ligand by Fragment‐Based Design: Structural Basis
Authors: Medve Laura , Achilli Silvia , Guzman‐Caldentey Joan , Thépaut Michel , Senaldi Luca , Le Roy Aline , Sattin Sara , Ebel Christine , Vivès Corinne , Martin‐Santamaria Sonsoles , Bernardi Anna , Fieschi Franck 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChemical modification of pseudo‐dimannoside ligands guided by fragment‐based design allowed for the exploitation of an ammonium‐binding region in the vicinity of the mannose‐binding site of DC‐SIGN, leading to the synthesis of a glycomimetic antagonist (compound 16) of unprecedented affinity and selectivity against the related lectin langerin. Here, the computational design of pseudo‐dimannoside derivatives as DC‐SIGN ligands, their synthesis, their evaluation as DC‐SIGN selective antagonists, the biophysical characterization of the DC‐SIGN/16 complex, and the structural basis for the ligand activity are presented. On the way to the characterization of this ligand, an unusual bridging interaction within the crystals shed light on the plasticity and potential secondary binding sites within the DC‐SIGN carbohydrate recognition domain.
Construction of Ternary Iodine–Bromine–Chlorine Octahalides
Authors: Abdelbassit Mohammed S. , Curnow Owen J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA series of five ternary octanuclear iodine‐bromine‐chlorine interhalides, [I2Br2Cl4]2− (1), [I3BrCl4]2− (2), [I4Br2Cl2]2− (3), [I2Br4Cl2]2− (4) and [I3Br3Cl2]2− (5), have been rationally constructed in two steps. Firstly, addition of a dihalogen (ICl or IBr) to the triaminocyclopropenium chloride salt [C3(NEt2)3]Cl forms the corresponding trihalide salt with [ICl2]− or [BrICl]− anions, respectively. Secondly, addition of a half‐equivalent of a second dihalogen, followed by crystallization at low temperature, gives the corresponding octahalide: addition of Br2 and IBr to [ICl2]− gives 1 and 2, respectively, whereas addition of I2, Br2 and IBr to [BrICl]− gives 3, 4 and 5, respectively. The five octahalides were characterized by X‐ray crystallography and far–IR spectroscopy.
Selective Photoinactivation of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Highly Positively Charged RuII Complexes
Authors: Feng Yang , Sun Wei‐Ze , Wang Xue‐Song , Zhou Qian‐Xiong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRuthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes featuring peripheral quaternary ammonium structures were found to be able to selectively inactivate Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), including methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) upon visible light irradiation, but have low phototoxicity toward 293T cells, L02 cells and lack hemolysis toward rabbit red blood cells (RBC), exhibiting promising potential as a novel type of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) agents.
Flow‐Induced Precipitation in Thin Capillaries Creates Helices, Lamellae, and Tubes
Authors: Knoll Pamela , Gonzalez Alexander V. , McQueen Zachary C. , Steinbock Oliver 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPrecipitation reactions under flow in confined media are relevant to the control of pathological biomineralization, processes affecting aquifers, and challenges in the petroleum industry. Here we show that for a simple geometry, such conditions create macroscopic structures including helices, tubes, lamellae, slugs, and disordered patterns. All structures emerge when salt solution is slowly injected into thin capillaries filled with hydroxide solution. For the helices, the pitch is proportional to the pump rate revealing a constant period of 0.63 s. Different morphologies of the insoluble metal hydroxide can co‐exist causing random transitions along the capillary. On average, 15 % of the final system contains residual hydroxide solution. While mechanically stable for flow speeds above 25 mm min−1, structures collapse and sediment for slower injection speeds. Some of the observed features share similarities with precipitate tubes in chemical gardens and the dynamics of liquid–liquid pipe flow.
The impact of target CEO celebrity on M&A premiums
Authors: Fralich Russell , Papadopoulos Andrew 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe examine the influence of target‐CEO celebrity on the premium paid by bidders using information asymmetry, uncertainty, and resource‐based‐view perspectives. Studies suggest that CEOs and their firms can suffer from a “burden of celebrity” if they fail to meet heightened performance expectations. We hypothesize that bidders acquire targets led by celebrity CEOs (those who garner significant and widespread media attention) with lower premiums because bidders react to market overvaluation. We also argue that celebrity CEOs who leave post‐merger drive premiums even lower because they take their potential integration value with them. A six‐year sample of US‐based M&A transactions supports our hypotheses.
Retrospective study of patients with amelogenesis imperfecta treated with different bonded restoration techniques
Authors: Ohrvik Hanne G. , Hjortsjö Carl 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate clinical success and satisfaction of patients with amelogenesis imperfecta treated with three different types of bonded restorations at a university clinic.Materials and MethodsOne hundred fifty‐four restorations in 15 subjects with mean age of 17.3 years (SD 8.2) were evaluated after treatment with three different types of bonded restorations: all ceramic enamel‐dentin bonded restorations, prefabricated composite veneers, and direct composite resin restorations. A modified version of the Californian Dental Association system for quality evaluation of dental care and a questionnaire assessing patient satisfaction were used for classification. The restorations were evaluated with respect to patient satisfaction, esthetics, technical, and biological complications.ResultsMean observation period for the restorations was 42.5 months (SD 35.6). All restorations were in place at the time of the examination. Surface and color calibration showed a success of 95% for the ceramic enamel‐dentin bonded restorations, 44% for the direct composite resin restorations, and 0% for the prefabricated composite veneers. The same pattern was evident for anatomy and marginal integrity. The subjects reported a high degree of satisfaction with both the esthetics and function of their restorations.ConclusionThe results indicated that all ceramic restorations demonstrated the best results for patients with amelogenesis imperfecta.
Defect‐Cluster‐Boosted Solar Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting by n‐Cu2O Thin Films Prepared Through Anisotropic Crystal Growth
Authors: Chen Ying‐Chu , Chen Yen‐Ju , Popescu Radian , Dong Pin‐Han , Gerthsen Dagmar , Hsu Yu‐Kuei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAnisotropic growth of Cu2O crystals deposited on an indium‐doped tin oxide‐coated glass substrate through facile electrodeposition and low‐temperature calcination results in favorable solar photoelectrochemical water splitting. XRD, TEM, and SEM reveal that appreciable oxygen vacancies are populated in the Cu2O crystals with a highly branched dendritic thin film morphology, which are further substituted by Cu atoms to form Cu antisite defects exclusively along the [111] direction. The post‐thermal treatment presumably accelerates such migration of the lattice imperfections, favoring the exposure of the catalytically active (111) facets. The Cu2O thin film derived in this way shows n‐type conduction with a donor concentration in the order of 1017 cm−3 and a flat‐band potential of −1.19 V vs. Ag/AgCl, which is also confirmed by Mott–Schottky analysis. The material is employed as a photoanode and delivers a photocurrent density of 2.2 mA cm−2 at a potential of 0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl, surpassing reported values more than twofold. Such superiority mostly originates from the synergism of the selective facet exposure within the Cu2O crystals, which have decent crystallinity, as shown by Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy, and a favorable bandgap of 2.1 eV, as confirmed by UV/Vis spectroscopy. The n‐type Cu2O thin film reported herein holds excellent promise for solar‐related applications.
Efficient and Stable FASnI3 Perovskite Solar Cells with Effective Interface Modulation by Low‐Dimensional Perovskite Layer
Authors: Liao Min , Yu Bin‐Bin , Jin Zhixin , Chen Wei , Zhu Yudong , Zhang Xusheng , Yao Weitang , Duan Tao , Djerdj Igor , He Zhubing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe promising tin perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from the oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+, leading to a disappointing conversion efficiency along with poor stability. In this work, phenylethylammonium bromide (PEABr) was employed to form an ultrathin, low‐dimensional perovskite layer on the surface of the FASnI3 (FA=formamidinium) absorber film to improve the interface of perovskite/PCBM ([6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyricacid methyl) in the inverted planar device structure of the ITO (indium‐doped tin oxide)/PEDOT:PSS [poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrene sulfonate]/perovskite/[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyricacid methyl (PCBM)/BCP (2,9‐dimethyl‐4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline) electrode. The device efficiency was enhanced from 4.77 to 7.86 % by this PEABr treatment. A series of characterizations proved that this modification could improve the crystallinity of the FASnI3 perovskite by incorporating Br and forming an ultrathin, low‐dimensional perovskite layer at the interface, which led to the effective suppression of Sn2+ oxidation, improved band level alignment, and decreased defect density. These effects contributed to the clear enhancement of conversion efficiency. Moreover, this treatment also led to remarkably enhanced device stability, with approximately 80 % of the initial efficiency retained after 350 h light soaking, whereas the control device failed within 140 h. This work deepens our understanding of the suppression effect of PEABr on the oxidation of Sn2+ and paves a new way to fabricate promising tin halide PSCs by facile interface engineering.
Intercellular transfer of HLA‐G: its potential in cancer immunology
Authors: Lin Aifen , Yan Wei‐Hua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntercellular protein transfer between cancer cells and immune cells is a very common phenomenon that can affect different stages of host antitumor immune responses. HLA‐G, a non‐classical HLA class I antigen, has been observed to be widely expressed in various malignancies, and its immune‐suppressive functions have been well recognised. HLA‐G expression in cancer cells can directly mediate immune tolerance by interacting with inhibitory receptors such as ILT2 and ILT4 expressed on immune cells. Moreover, a network of multiple directional intercellular transfers of HLA‐G among cancer cells and immune cells through trogocytosis, exosomes and tunnelling nanotubes provides malignant cells with an alternative ploy for antigen sharing and induces more complex heterogeneity, to modulate immune responses, ultimately leading to immune evasion, therapy resistance, disease progression and poor clinical outcome. Herein, we discuss the relative aspects of the intercellular transfer of HLA‐G between tumor cells and immune cells and its potential use in tumor immunology research and translational cancer therapy.