bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cascade Analysis Tool: software to analyze and optimize care cascades
Authors: Kedziora David J , Abeysuriya Romesh , Kerr Cliff C , Chadderdon George L , Harbuz Vlad-Ștefan , Metzger Sarah , Wilson David P , Stuart Robyn M 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Cascades, which track the progressive stages of engagement on the path towards a successful outcome, are increasingly being employed to quantitatively assess progress towards targets associated with health and development responses. Maximizing the proportion of people with successful outcomes within a budget-constrained context requires identifying and implementing interventions that are not only effective, but also cost-effective. Methods: We developed a software application called the Cascade Analysis Tool that implements advanced analysis and optimization methods for understanding cascades, combined with the flexibility to enable application across a wide range of areas in health and development. The tool allows users to design the cascade, collate and enter data, and then use the built-in analysis methods in order to answer key policy questions, such as: understanding where the biggest drop-offs along the cascade are; visualizing how the cascade varies by population; investigating the impact of introducing a new intervention or scaling up/down existing interventions; and estimating how available funding should be optimally allocated among available interventions in order to achieve a variety of different objectives selectable by the user (such as optimizing cascade outcomes in target years). The Cascade Analysis Tool is available via a user-friendly web-based application, and comes with a user guide, a library of pre-made examples, and training materials. Discussion: Whilst the Cascade Analysis Tool is still in the early stages of existence, it has already shown promise in preliminary applications, and we believe there is potential for it to help make sense of the increasing quantities of data on cascades.
Self-reported disability in rural Malawi: prevalence, incidence, and relationship to chronic disease
Authors: Prynn Josephine E. , Dube Albert , Mwaiyeghele Elenaus , Mwiba Oddie , Geis Steffen , Koole Olivier , Nyirenda Moffat , Kuper Hannah , Crampin Amelia C. 
Published: June 2019

Background: Disability is a complex concept involving physical impairment, activity limitation, and participation restriction. The Washington Group developed a set of questions on six functional domains (seeing, hearing, walking, remembering, self-care, and communicating) to allow collection of comparable data on disability. We aimed to improve understanding of prevalence and correlates of disability in the low-income setting of Malawi. Methods: This study is nested in the Karonga Health and Demographic Surveillance Site in Malawi; the Washington Group questions were added to the annual survey in 2014. We used cross-sectional data from the 2014 survey to estimate the current prevalence of disability, simulate disability prevalence over the previous 12 years, and examine associations of disability with certain chronic diseases. We then reviewed the consistency of responses to the questions over time using data from the 2015 survey. Results: Of 10,863 participants, 9.6% (95% CI 9.0-10.1%) reported disability in at least one domain. Prevalence was higher among women and increased with age. Since 2004, we estimate the number of people experiencing disability has increased 1.5 times. Obesity and diabetes were associated with disability, but hypertension and HIV were not. Participants reporting “no difficulty” or “can’t do at all” for any domain were likely to report the same status one year later, whereas there was considerable movement between people describing “some difficulty” and “a lot of difficulty”. Conclusions: Disability prevalence is high and likely to increase over time. Further research into the needs of this population is crucial to ensure inclusive policies are created and sustainable development goals are met.
Protocol for an app-based affective control training for adolescents: proof-of-principle double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schweizer Susanne , Leung Jovita T. , Kievit Rogier , Speekenbrink Maarten , Trender William , Hampshire Adam , Blakemore Sarah-Jayne 
Published: June 2019

Background: 75% of all mental health problems have their onset before the end of adolescence. Therefore, adolescence may be a particularly sensitive time period for preventing mental health problems. Affective control, the capacity to engage with goal relevant and inhibit distracting information in affective contexts, has been proposed as a potential target for prevention. In this study, we will explore the impact of improving adolescents’ affective control capacity on their mental health. Methods: The proof-of-principle double-blind randomized controlled trial will compare the effectiveness of an app-based affective control training (AC-Training) to a placebo training (P-Training) app. In total, 200 (~50% females) adolescents (11-19 years) will train for 14 days on their training app. The AC-Training will include three different n-back tasks: visuospatial, auditory and dual (i.e., including both modalities). These tasks require participants to flexibly engage and disengage with affective and neutral stimuli (i.e., faces and words). The P-Training will present participants with a perceptual matching task. The three versions of the P-Training tasks vary in the stimuli included (i.e., shapes, words and faces). The two training groups will be compared on gains in affective control, mental health, emotion regulation and self-regulation, immediately after training, one month and one year after training. Discussion: If, as predicted, the proposed study finds that AC-Training successfully improves affective control in adolescents, there would be significant potential benefits to adolescent mental health. As a free app, the training would also be scalable and easy to disseminate across a wide range of settings. Trial registration: The trial was registered on December 10th 2018 with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (Registration number: ISRCTN17213032).
Does Piracy Create Online Word of Mouth? An Empirical Analysis in the Movie Industry
Authors: Lu Shijie , Wang Xin (Shane) , Bendle Neil 
Published: June 2019

Anecdotal evidence suggests that counterfeiting/piracy can help create online word of mouth (WOM) and through this boost demand, but how powerful is such WOM? To answer this question, we conduct a descriptive study with some attempts to establish near causality. We estimate the impact of piracy on WOM and ultimately revenue by applying a panel data method to all movies widely released in the United States from 2015 to 2017. In identifying the effects of piracy we make inventive use of Russian piracy data to construct instrument variables for piracy in the United States. This is possible because the key piracy site, The Pirate Bay, has been blocked in Russia since 2015. We find movies with prerelease piracy are associated with lower revenues despite the WOM effect. Critically, however, we show a positive correlation between postrelease piracy and WOM volume, and we extend the field by finding that the presence of postrelease piracy is associated with an approximately 3.0% increase in box office revenue. We also note the impact of a raid by the Swedish Police that temporarily took down The Pirate Bay website in December 2014. The period when the site was down experienced a decline in WOM volume and revenues, consistent with the effect of lower postrelease piracy predicted by our models. Our findings suggest approaches to target scarce antipiracy resources, such as focusing on tackling damaging prerelease piracy. This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.
Tipologias de funcionamento familiar: Do desenvolvimento identitário à perturbação emocional na adolescência e adultez emergente
Authors: Prioste Ana , Tavares Petra , Magalhães Eunice 
Published: June 2019

O funcionamento familiar contribui diferentemente para ajustamento psicológico, de acordo com as etapas de desenvolvimento e com as tarefas que lhes estão subjacentes. Através de um desenho quantitativo transversal, e com recurso a uma amostra de 387 participantes com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 25 anos (M=20.06, DP=3.21), este estudo pretendeu: identificar as tipologias de funcionamento familiar, a partir das dimensões coesão e conflito; e analisar a associação entre as tipologias de funcionamento familiar, os processos de desenvolvimento da identidade, a etapa desenvolvimental (adolescência e adultez emergente) e a perturbação emocional. Foram identificadas cinco tipologias de funcionamento familiar, correspondentes a famílias: Coesas, Desligadas, Equilibradas, Conflituosas e Emaranhadas. Tendo em conta a literatura, os participantes foram divididos em grupos, consoante a idade (adolescentes e adultos emergentes) e o nível de perturbação emocional (com e sem perturbação emocional). Os resultados mostram associações estatisticamente significativas entre as tipologias de funcionamento familiar, a etapa desenvolvimental, os processos de desenvolvimento da identidade e os grupos com e sem perturbação emocional. Especificamente, os resultados indicam que os adultos emergentes percepcionam o funcionamento das suas famílias como mais Coeso ou Emaranhado, em comparação com os adolescentes; e que o grupo com perturbação emocional percepcionou, maioritariamente, o funcionamento da sua família como Emaranhado. São discutidas as implicações para a prática e para a literatura nas áreas da Psicopatologia do Desenvolvimento e Psicologia da Família.
ПРАГМАТИКА ГАСЕЛ У ПРЕСІ ПІДРАДЯНСЬКОЇ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Коротич Катерина 
Published: June 2019

Artykuł poświęcony jest funkcjonowaniu i pragmatyce haseł w ukraińskiej prasie radzieckiej. Wyróżniono najczęstsze grupy haseł ze względu na ich cel illokucyjny: konstatywne, dyrektywne, komisywne. Zaproponowano nowy rodzaj haseł — slogany gloryﬁkacyjne, których celem było wyrażenie przychylności przedstawicieli władzy i gloryﬁkacja. Okazało się, że bardzo duże spektrum sloganów adresowanych do różnych grup odbiorców stanowi ważną rolę hasła jako przejawu języka władzy.
Random Forest–Based Pavement Surface Friction Prediction Using High-Resolution 3D Image Data
Authors: Yang Guangwei , Yu Wenying , Li Qiang Joshua , Wang Kelvin , Peng Yi , Zhang Aonan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Many studies have concluded that pavement micro- and macro- texture characteristics have significant contributions to pavement friction and thus roadway safety. This study explores novel three-dimensional (3D) areal texture parameters to represent pavement texture characteristics at both micro- and macroscales and their usage for friction prediction. Three rounds of pavement friction and texture data were collected from 2015 to 2017 at a testing site in Oklahoma with six different mixture designs. Pavement friction was acquired by a Dynamic Friction Tester, and the corresponding texture data were collected by a portable ultrahigh-resolution 3D laser scanner. Each 3D texture datum is decomposed into micro- and macroscales with predesigned Butterworth filters. Twenty-seven 3D texture parameters falling into five categories are calculated at both texture levels. Subsequently, the random forest algorithm is implemented to determine the most important texture parameters for friction predictive model development. The selected macro- and micro-texture parameters account for 48.8 % and 39.6 % contributions to high-speed friction and 50.0 % and 14.1 % contributions to low-speed friction. The temperature during testing also exhibits a significant impact, with 11.6 % and 35.9 % contributions to high- and low-speed friction, respectively.
PERCURSOS ENTRE A PRODUÇÃO DO ESPAÇO E AS PRÁTICAS MICROBIANAS: REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DA ARTICULAÇÃO ENTRE AS CONCEPÇÕES TEÓRICAS DE HENRI LEFEBVRE E MICHEL DE CERTEAU
Authors: Gamalho Nola Patrícia 
Published: June 2019

O diálogo entre as perspectivas teóricas de Lefebvre e Certeau possuem não apenas convergências possíveis, mas também correspondem à potencialidade de analisar as espacialidades contemporâneas na articulação de escalas, normas, lógicas e sujeitos. As inquietações teóricas dos autores implicaram na diversidade e complexidade de suas produções textuais. Logo, correspondem a inspirações conceituais, que instrumentalizam formas de desvendar o mundo contemporâneo em sua complexidade. A produção teórica abrange desde os sistemas ordenadores, como o espaço concebido ou as estruturas tecnocráticas, até a escala do sujeito comum, ordinário, cujas práticas correspondem aos espaços vividos e percebidos, configurando-se como astúcias e subversões ao sistema ordenador. Essa análise propõe uma reflexão teórica de articulação dos autores a partir dos livros “A produção do espaço” (LEFEBVRE, 2013) e “A invenção do cotidiano” (CERTEAU, 2009). Considera-se essa aproximação como um profícuo avanço na construção de interpretações de espacialidades complexas, envolendo tanto os sistemas normativos e ordenadores, quanto as pequenas e constantes formas de driblar a norma.
Genome-Wide Association Study and Cost-Efficient Genomic Predictions for Growth and Fillet Yield in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Yoshida Grazyella M , Lhorente Jean P , Correa Katharina , Soto Jose , Salas Diego , Yáñez José M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Fillet yield (FY) and harvest weight (HW) are economically important traits in Nile tilapia production. Genetic improvement of these traits, especially for FY, are lacking, due to the absence of efficient methods to measure the traits without sacrificing fish and the use of information from relatives to selection. However, genomic information could be used by genomic selection to improve traits that are difficult to measure directly in selection candidates, as in the case of FY. The objectives of this study were: (i) to perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to dissect the genetic architecture of FY and HW, (ii) to evaluate the accuracy of genotype imputation and (iii) to assess the accuracy of genomic selection using true and imputed low-density (LD) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels to determine a cost-effective strategy for practical implementation of genomic information in tilapia breeding programs. The data set consisted of 5,866 phenotyped animals and 1,238 genotyped animals (108 parents and 1,130 offspring) using a 50K SNP panel. The GWAS were performed using all genotyped and phenotyped animals. The genotyped imputation was performed from LD panels (LD0.5K, LD1K and LD3K) to high-density panel (HD), using information from parents and 20% of offspring in the reference set and the remaining 80% in the validation set. In addition, we tested the accuracy of genomic selection using true and imputed genotypes comparing the accuracy obtained from pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (PBLUP) and genomic predictions. The results from GWAS supports evidence of the polygenic nature of FY and HW. The accuracy of imputation ranged from 0.90 to 0.98 for LD0.5K and LD3K, respectively. The accuracy of genomic prediction outperformed the estimated breeding value from PBLUP. The use of imputation for genomic selection resulted in an increased relative accuracy independent of the trait and LD panel analyzed. The present results suggest that genotype imputation could be a cost-effective strategy for genomic selection in Nile tilapia breeding programs.
Nano-scale Chemistry of Complex Self-Assembled Nanostructures in Epitaxial SiGe Films
Authors: Balasubramanian Prabhu , Floro Jerrold A. , Gray Jennifer L. , Hull Robert 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTHeteroepitaxy of SiGe alloys on Si (001) under certain growth conditions has previously been shown to cause self-assembly of nanostructures called Quantum Dot Molecules, QDMs, where pyramidal pits and 3D islands cooperatively form. QDMs have potential applications to nanologic device architectures such as Quantum Cellular Automata that relies on localization of charges inside islands to create bi-stable logic states. In order to determine the applicability of QDMs to such structures it is necessary to understand the nano-scale chemistry of QDMs because the chemistry affects local bandgap which in turn affects a QDM’s charge confinement property. We investigate the nanoscale chemistry of QDMs in the Si0.7Ge0.3/Si (100) system using Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). Our AES analysis indicates that compressively strained QDM pit bases are the most Ge rich regions in a QDM. The segregation of Ge to these locations cannot be explained by strain energy minimization.
In-Situ Diffraction Studies of Gas Storage Materials on a Laboratory X-Ray System
Authors: Sommariva Marco , van Weeren Harald , Narygina Olga , Gertenbach Jan-André , Resch Christian , Pein Andreas , Smith Vincent J. , Barbour Leonard J. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe sorption processes for hydrogen and carbon dioxide are of considerable, and growing interest, particularly due to their relevance to a society that seeks to replace fossil fuels with a more sustainable energy source. X-ray diffraction allows a unique perspective for studying structural modifications and reaction mechanisms that occur when gas and solid interact. The fundamental challenge associated with such a study is that experiments are conducted while the solid sample is held under a gas pressure. To date in-situ high gas pressure studies of this nature have typically been undertaken at large-scale facilities such as synchrotrons or on dedicated laboratory instruments. Here we report high-pressure XRD studies carried out on a multi-purpose diffractometer. To demonstrate the suitability of the equipment, two model studies were carried out, firstly the reversible hydrogen cycling over LaNi5, and secondly the structural change that occurs during the decomposition of ammonia borane that results in the generation of hydrogen gas in the reaction chamber. The results have been finally compared to the literature. The study has been made possible by the combination of rapid X-ray detectors with a reaction chamber capable of withstanding gas pressures up to 100 bar and temperatures up to 900 °C.
Triboemission phenomena: electronic and photonic outputs from surface modification, and their use as novel probes
Authors: Molina Gustavo J. , Kajdas Czeslaw 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTTriboemission comprises the emission of low energy electrons and photons, the eventual formation of micro-triboplasmas, and the possible charge-initiated tribochemical reactions on the surfaces under contact. Electron triboemission is often seen as a case of electron exoemission, but such low-energy output may be just a fraction of the total electronic excitation on the surface, the majority of which may proceed as internal currents. The dynamics of these related surface phenomena have been investigated by different techniques, which are discussed in this work; in particular, the authors have obtained extensive data indicating that electrons and photons are produced from mechanical surface work, particularly from surface oxides and semiconductors under contact sliding in vacuum. This paper also discusses the existing body of work on triboemission, and the possible use of the developed measurement techniques as novel probes for surface processes.
Nanofluidic Cells with Controlled Path Length and Liquid Flow for Rapid, High-Resolution In Situ Electron Microscopy
Authors: Mueller C. , Harb M. , Dwyer J.R. , Miller R.J.D. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIn situ imaging using (scanning) transmission electron microscopy has proven to be an extremely important and powerful cross-disciplinary scientific technique. In particular nanotechnology and materials sciences have special interest in assembly and disintegration processes, in growth and shape-tuning of (nano)-particles, and, furthermore in mechanistic studies of chemical reactions underlying these processes. However, limitations for in liquid and in situ imaging using electron microscopy arise from the stringent experimental conditions required with respect to electron scattering.Here, we present a nanofluidic sample cell allowing for controlled fluidic conditions which preserve the highest possible spatial resolution for in-liquid electron microscopy. The nanocell allows for liquid flow with a flow control mechanism operated external to the microscope column enabling on-the-fly sample exchange within the imaging area. A well-defined flow path allows us to direct the motion of gold nanorods through fluid flow. Further a particle’s Brownian motion becomes evident once the external flow is terminated. In addition to quantitatively showing the resolution capabilities of our nanofluidic design, we show preliminary results of in situ imaging of gold nanorods and unstained amyloid fibrils to emphasize the significance of this imaging modality for both material sciences and biology.
Scanning Photocurrent Microscopy of as-Grown Silicon Nanowire Metallurgical Junctions
Authors: Triplett Mark , Saif Islam M. , Yu Dong 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTDuring the epitaxial bottom up growth of nanowire (NW) arrays, occasional kinks in growth direction can lead to intersecting and consequently self-welded crystalline connections between NWs. In order to study these self-welded metallurgical NW junctions, a NW bridge device architecture which requires no post-growth processing was used to grow and stabilize Si NW junctions. Scanning Photocurrent Microscopy (SPCM) was used to study the optoelectronic properties of the NW junctions as well as the characteristics of the NW bridge devices. SPCM measurements show a bias dependent photocurrent (PC) response at the NW junction indicating local band bending at this location. A decay of the PC response away from the junction is also seen in the secondary NW channel ensuring an electrical connection. These junction properties may be important for ensemble NW optical devices.
The Synthesis of Metastable Skutterudites and Crystalline Superlattices
Authors: Sellinschegg Heike , Williams Joshua R. , Yoon Gene , Johnson David C. , Kaeser Mike , Tritt Terry , Nolas George , Nelson E. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWe have used controlled crystallization of elementally modulated reactants to prepare a series of kinetically stable, crystalline skutterudites (M'xM4Sb12 where M' = vacancy, RE, Hf,…; M = Ni, Fe, Co) and crystalline superlattices composed of promising thermoelectric materials. For the bulk synthesis of skutterudites, low angle diffraction data demonstrates that the elemental layers interdiffuse at temperatures below 150°C. Nucleation of the skutterudite structure occurs with at large exotherm on annealing at temperatures below 200°C regardless of the ternary metal. All of the metastable ternary compounds and the new metastable binary compounds were found to decompose exothermically on higher temperature annealing. The decomposition temperature ranged from 250°C for the binary compound NiSb3 to above 550°C for the rare earth containing cobalt compounds. The occupation of the ternary site was found to depend on the composition of the initial reactant and was varied from 0 to 1. Full occupancy typically required an excess of the filling cation. The lattice parameters of the compounds prepared at low temperatures are distinctly smaller than those prepared using traditional synthetic approaches. High temperature annealing converts the lattice parameters of the low temperature compounds to those prepared at higher temperatures using traditional synthetic approaches. Diffraction patterns of crystalline superlattices containing skutterudites prepared using elementally modulated reactants show splitting of high angle diffraction maxima as well as the presence of the expected low angle diffraction pattern from a supperlattice. The skutterudite superlattices are stable with respect to low temperature annealing.