bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Massive star formation in W51 A triggered by cloud–cloud collisions
Authors: Fujita Shinji , Torii Kazufumi , Kuno Nario , Nishimura Atsushi , Umemoto Tomofumi , Minamidani Tetsuhiro , Kohno Mikito , Yamagishi Mitsuyoshi , Tosaki Tomoka , Matsuo Mitsuhiro , Tsuda Yuya , Enokiya Rei , Tachihara Kengo , Ohama Akio , Sano Hidetoshi , Okawa Kazuki , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Yoshiike Satoshi , Tsutsumi Daichi , Fukui Yasuo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
W$\, 51\,$A is one of the most active star-forming regions in the Milky Way, and includes copious amounts of molecular gas with a total mass of ${\sim }6\times 10^{5}\, M_{\odot }$. The molecular gas has multiple velocity components over ∼20 km s−1, and interactions between these components have been discussed as the mechanism that triggered the massive star formation in W$\, 51\,$A. In this paper, we report on an observational study of the molecular gas in W$\, 51\,$A using the new 12CO, 13CO, and C18O (J = 1–0) data covering a 1${^{\circ}_{.}}$4 × 1${^{\circ}_{.}}$0 area of W$\, 51\,$A obtained with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope at 20′ resolution. Our CO data resolved four discrete velocity clouds with sizes and masses of ∼30 pc and 1.0–$1.9\times 10^{5}\, M_{\odot }$ around radial velocities of 50, 56, 60, and 68 km s−1. Toward the central part of the Hii region complex G49.5−0.4 in W$\, 51\,$A, in which the bright stellar clusters IRS 1 and IRS 2 are located, we identified four C18O clumps having sizes of ∼1 pc and column densities of higher than 1023 cm−2, which are each embedded within the four velocity clouds. These four clumps are concentrated within a small area of 5 pc, but show a complementary distribution on the sky. In the position–velocity diagram, these clumps are connected with each other by bridge features having weak intensities. The high intensity ratios of 13CO (J = 3–2)$/$(J = 1–0) also indicate that these four clouds are associated with the Hii regions, including IRS 1 and IRS 2. We also reveal that, in the other bright Hii region complex G49.4−0.3, the 50, 60, and 68 km s−1 clouds show a complementary distribution, with two bridge features connecting between the 50 and 60 km s−1 clouds and the 60 and 68 km s−1 clouds. An isolated compact Hii region G49.57−0.27 located ∼15 pc north of G49.5−0.4 also shows a complementary distribution and a bridge feature. The complementary distribution on the sky and the broad bridge feature in the position–velocity diagram suggest collisional interactions among the four velocity clouds in W$\, 51\,$A. The timescales of the collisions can be estimated to be several 0.1 Myr as crossing times of the collisions, which are consistent with the ages of the Hii regions measured from the sizes of the Hii regions with the 21 cm continuum data. We discuss a scenario of cloud–cloud collisions and massive star formation in W$\, 51\,$A by comparing these with recent observational and theoretical studies of cloud–cloud collision.
The Plant Translatome Surveyed by Ribosome Profiling
Authors: Fujita Tomoya , Kurihara Yukio , Iwasaki Shintaro 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Although transcriptome changes have long been recognized as a mechanism to induce tentative substitution of expressed genes in diverse biological processes in plants, the regulation of translation—the final step of the central dogma of molecular biology—emerged as an alternative and prominent layer in defining the output of genes. Despite these demands, the genome-wide analysis of protein synthesis has posed technical challenges, resulting in the plant translatome being poorly understood. The development of ribosome profiling promises to address the hidden aspects of translation, and its application to plants is revolutionizing our knowledge of the translatome. This review outlines the array of recent findings provided by ribosome profiling and illustrates the power of the versatile technique in green organisms.
Diversity patterns of planktonic microeukaryote communities in tropical floodplain lakes based on 18S rDNA gene sequences
Authors: Machado Karine Borges , Targueta Cíntia Pelegrineti , Antunes Adriana Maria , Soares Thannya Nascimento , Telles Mariana Pires de Campos , Logares Ramiro , Vieira Ludgero Cardoso Galli , Huszar Vera Lúcia de Moraes , Nabout JoÃo Carlos 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aquatic microbiota plays key roles in ecosystem processes; however, the mechanisms that influence their biogeographic patterns are not yet fully understood. Using high-throughput 18S rDNA gene sequencing, we investigated the composition of planktonic microeukaryotes (organisms sampled using a 68-μm plankton net) in 27 floodplain lakes of the Araguaia River, central Brazil and explored the influence of environmental and spatial factors for communities considering taxonomic and trophic groups. Of the 807 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) observed, Chlorophyta and Charophyta were the groups with greater abundance. Beta diversity was high, and the similarity of communities decreased as the geographic distance increased. We found a shared explanation between environmental and spatial predictors for total and autotrophic microbiota. Environmental variables influence only mixotrophic microbiota. These results suggest an OTU turnover along the floodplain and a spatially structured composition. This spatial pattern can be derived from the association with extrinsic factors, such as spatially structured environmental variables, that generate spatial dependence. However, the relationship between the composition of microbiota and environmental conditions is still unclear.
Association between the living environment and the risk of arterial hypertension and other components of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Braziene Agne , Tamsiunas Abdonas , Luksiene Dalia , Radisauskas Ricardas , Andrusaityte Sandra , Dedele Audrius , Vencloviene Jone 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is characterized by numerous metabolic risk factors. We investigated the associations between a long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and the residential distance to green spaces (GS) and major roads with the development of arterial hypertension (AH) and some components of MS. These associations were assessed among persons living in private and multi-story houses (MH).

Methods
We selected 1354 participants for the population study from MONICA (Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease Program). The exposures to PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 levels were assessed by using the LUR models for Kaunas City.

Results
In the participants who lived in MH, the residential distance to a major road closer than 200 m and the residential exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 levels above the median were associated with a higher risk of AH (the adjusted relative risks (RRs), respectively, were 1.41(1.10–1.81), 1.19(1.01–1.42) and 1.27(1.07–1.52)). In these participants, the residential exposure to a PM10 level above the median was associated with a higher risk of reduced high density lipoprotein (RHDL) (RR = 1.46(1.05–2.05)). A negative impact of the traffic air pollutants on the incidence of AH, RHDL cholesterol and high triglyceride levels was observed only in the participants who lived in MH.
Dietary fibre, functions by modulating the entero-hepatic circulation
Authors: Eastwood M A 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Dietary Fibre (DF) is not an essential component of the diet but a modulator of the absorption and colonic metabolism of nutrients and xenobiotics along the small and large intestine. In the colon DF stimulates the bacterial flora, bacterial mass and metabolism, thereby influencing the entero-hepatic circulation (EHC) and faecal output. This modulation is dependent upon the amount and physical state of DF intake.
Priority Spreading of Corporate Debt
Authors: Badoer Dominique C , Dudley Evan , James Christopher M 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Priority spreading refers to the practice of firms increasing their reliance on secured and subordinated debt and reducing their reliance on senior debt as their credit quality deteriorates. We argue that priority spreading occurs because security provides creditors with greater protection from dilution from other creditors than do covenants that prioritize payments. Consistent with this argument, we find that secured bank creditors are rarely diluted by junior creditors in distressed restructurings, whereas senior unsecured creditors are frequently diluted, exogenous increases in asset volatility result in greater priority spreading and yields on senior and subordinated bonds converge as asset volatility increases.
Received January 22, 2018; editorial decision January 27, 2019 by Editor David Denis. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Performance of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic literature review
Authors: Jones Alexis , Bray Timothy J P , Mandl Peter , Hall-Craggs Margaret A , Marzo-Ortega Helena , Machado Pedro M 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To summarize the evidence on the performance of MRI for the diagnosis of axial SpA.

Methods
This was a systematic literature review of all studies from January 2013 to March 2017 including adult patients with clinically suspected axial SpA undergoing MRI. Studies from a previously published systematic literature review up to January 2013 were also included.

Results
Thirty-one studies were included. Six studies demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for SI joint (SIJ) bone marrow oedema (BMO). Specificity was increased by the presence of other structural lesions alongside BMO, particularly erosions or fat infiltration. Four studies addressed the utility of SIJ fat infiltration, finding good sensitivity but poor specificity. SIJ erosions showed good specificity in five studies. Studies addressing high T1 signal in the SIJ, fluid signal in the SIJ, ankylosis, sclerosis, capsulitis, backfill and vacuum phenomenon reported limited diagnostic value. In the spine, four studies reported moderate sensitivity and specificity for corner inflammatory lesions, and four reported poor sensitivity and specificity for spinal fat infiltration. Five studies evaluated the added value of spinal MRI over SIJ MRI alone, with variable results depending on the cohort. Six studies addressed the effect of acquisition parameters on diagnostic accuracy: fat-saturated T2-weighted imaging and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) imaging showed comparable utility in identifying BMO. Three studies showed that gadolinium was of minimal added value in the detection of BMO.

Conclusions
These results confirmed the diagnostic utility of MRI in axial SpA. Performance varied according to the characteristics of the cohort and the number and combination of MRI lesions considered.
The diagnostic performance of dual energy CT for diagnosing gout: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gamala Mihaela , Jacobs Johannes W G , van Laar Jaap M 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to assess the utility of dual energy CT (DECT) for diagnosing gout.

Methods
A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. Studies evaluating the utility of DECT for diagnosing gout were included. Reference standards were detection of monosodium urate crystals at SF assessment or a validated set of criteria. The methodological quality of studies was evaluated according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS)-2 criteria. Data from person-based and joint-/localization-based evaluations were pooled separately, and subgroup analyses for disease stage/duration and reference standard were performed.

Results
Ten studies were included; in person-based evaluations, the pooled (95% CI) sensitivity and specificity were 0.81 (0.77, 0.86) and 0.91 (0.85, 0.95), respectively. In joint-based evaluations, they were 0.83 (0.79, 0.86) and 0.88 (0.83, 0.92), respectively. At short disease duration (⩽6 weeks), the pooled (95% CI) sensitivity and specificity at the joint level were 0.55 (0.46, 0.64) and 0.89 (0.84, 0.94), respectively.

Conclusion
DECT has a high diagnostic accuracy in established gout, but its diagnostic sensitivity is low in subjects with recent onset gout.
0936 Sleep Disturbances in Wolfram Syndrome
Authors: Licis Amy K , Davis Gabriel , Eisenstein Sarah , Lugar Heather , Hershey Tamara 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Wolfram syndrome is a rare disorder associated with diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, optic nerve atrophy, hearing and vision loss, and neurodegeneration. Sleep complaints are common but have not been studied with objective measures. Our goal was to assess rates of sleep apnea and objective and self-reported measures of sleep quality, and to determine the relationship of sleep pathology to other clinical variables in Wolfram syndrome patients.

Methods
Genetically confirmed Wolfram syndrome patients were evaluated at the 2015 and 2016 Washington University Wolfram Syndrome Research Clinics. Patients wore an actigraphy device and a type III ambulatory sleep study device and completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and/or the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). PSQI and PSQ questionnaire data were compared to a previously collected group of controls. Patients were characterized clinically with the Wolfram Unified Rating Scale (WURS) and a subset underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for brain volume measurements.

Results
Twenty-one patients were evaluated ranging from age 8.9 - 29.7 years. Five of 17 (29%) adult patients fit the criteria for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA; apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 5) and all 4 of 4 (100%) children aged 12 years or younger fit the criteria for obstructive sleep apnea (AHI’s ≥1). Higher AHI was related to greater disease severity (higher WURS Physical scores). Higher mixed apnea scores were related to lower brainstem and cerebellar volumes. Patients’ scores on the PSQ were higher than those of controls, indicating greater severity of childhood obstructive sleep-related breathing disorders.

Conclusion
Wolfram syndrome patients had a high rate of OSA. Further study would be needed to assess how these symptoms change over time. Addressing sleep disorders in Wolfram syndrome patients would likely improve their overall health and quality of life.

Support (If Any)
This work was supported by the NICHD (HD070855; Hershey, PI) and supported by CTSA (UL1 RR024992) and Diabetes Research Center (DK 020579).
A comparative atlas of the skull osteology of European lizards (Reptilia: Squamata)
Authors: Villa Andrea , Delfino Massimo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe fossil record provides evidence of a long evolutionary history of European lizards. Since fossil lizards are regularly represented by bone remains, the knowledge of the origins of extant taxa and their distribution in time and space is hindered by the fact that their comparative osteology is not yet completely and adequately known. In spite of a rising interest in this topic since the end of the 20th century, a gap in our knowledge is still evident. We here report the first broad-scale comparative osteological analysis of the skulls of extant European lizards, highlighting significant differences that can be used in identification. This comparative study, including as many European species as possible, leads to the creation of a detailed diagnostic key for each single bone. Also, our data significantly improve the recognizability of extant European non-snake squamates, with 54% of the current diversity to be recognized based on the new results contra the previously estimated 31%. This recognizability is expected to further increase in the future, with new studies focusing on species that are either missing or poorly represented here, or applying promising advanced methodologies.
CE: Assessing a Child's Pain
Authors: Freund Debra , Bolick Beth N. 
Published: April 2019

Effective pain assessment is a necessary component of successful pain management and the pursuit of optimal health outcomes for patients of all ages. In the case of children, accurate pain assessment is particularly important, because children exposed to prolonged or repeated acute pain, including procedural pain, are at elevated risk for such adverse outcomes as subsequent medical traumatic stress, more intense response to subsequent pain, and development of chronic pain.
As with adults, a child's self-report of pain is considered the most accurate and reliable measure of pain. But the assessment of pain in children is challenging, because presentation is influenced by developmental factors, and children's responses to certain features of pain assessment tools are unlike those commonly observed in adults.
The authors describe the three types of assessment used to measure pain intensity in children and the tools developed to address the unique needs of children that employ each. Such tools take into account the child's age as well as special circumstances or conditions, such as ventilation requirements, cognitive impairment, and developmental delay. The authors also discuss the importance of proxy pain reporting by the parent or caregiver and how nurses can improve communication between the child, caregiver, and health care providers, thereby promoting favorable patient outcomes.
What Are the Attitudes and Beliefs of Oncologists Regarding Potential Cancer Rehabilitation in a Tertiary Cancer Center?
Authors: Francis George J. , Fu Jack B. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction:
Cancer rehabilitation (CR) is an emerging field in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Current literature highlights the effectiveness of CR in improving functional outcomes, shorter length of hospital stay, and improved quality of life. Despite this, there are very few formalized CR programs across all of North America.

Methods:
We conducted a survey at a tertiary cancer center without a formalized CR program to assess the perceived need of such a program and its potential development.

Results:
This survey of medical, surgical, radiation, and pediatric oncologists demonstrated that 92.3% of 39 respondents felt CR was somewhat to very important, particularly for their patients' issues of fatigue, deconditioning, pain management, and disposition planning.

Conclusion:
These findings highlight the value seen by oncologists in the need for further CR access and formalized program development in order to meet patient needs for improving functional deficits, activities of daily living, and quality of life.
Detection of Intestinal Tissue Perfusion by Real-Time Breath Methane Analysis in Rat and Pig Models of Mesenteric Circulatory Distress
Authors: Szűcs Szilárd , Bari Gábor , Ugocsai Melinda , Lashkarivand Reza Ali , Lajkó Norbert , Mohácsi Árpád , Szabó Anna , Kaszaki József , Boros Mihály , Érces Dániel , Varga Gabriella 
Published: April 2019

Objectives:
Methane (CH4) breath test is an established diagnostic method for gastrointestinal functional disorders. Our aim was to explore the possible link between splanchnic circulatory changes and exhaled CH4 in an attempt to recognize intestinal perfusion failure.

Design:
Randomized, controlled in vivo animal study.

Setting:
University research laboratory.

Subjects:
Anesthetized, ventilated Sprague-Dawley rats (280 ± 30 g) and Vietnamese minipigs (31 ± 7 kg).

Interventions:
In the first series, CH4 was administered intraluminally into the ileum before 45 minutes mesenteric ischemia or before reperfusion in non-CH4 producer rats to test the appearance of the gas in the exhaled air. In the porcine experiments, the superior mesenteric artery was gradually obstructed during consecutive, 30-minute flow reductions and 30-minute reperfusions achieving complete occlusion after four cycles (n = 6), or nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia was induced by pericardial tamponade (n = 12), which decreased superior mesenteric artery flow from 351 ± 55 to 182 ± 67 mL/min and mean arterial pressure from 96.7 ± 18.2 to 41.5 ± 4.6 mm Hg for 60 minutes.

Measurements and Main Results:
Macrohemodynamics were monitored continuously; RBC velocity of the ileal serosa or mucosa was recorded by intravital videomicroscopy. The concentration of exhaled CH4 was measured online simultaneously with high-sensitivity photoacoustic spectroscopy. The intestinal flow changes during the occlusion-reperfusion phases were accompanied by parallel changes in breath CH4 output. Also in cardiac tamponade-induced nonocclusive intestinal ischemia, the superior mesenteric artery flow and RBC velocity correlated significantly with parallel changes in CH4 concentration in the exhaled air (Pearson’s r = 0.669 or r = 0.632, respectively).

Conclusions:
we report a combination of in vivo experimental data on a close association of an exhaled endogenous gas with acute mesenteric macro- and microvascular flow changes. Breath CH4 analysis may offer a noninvasive approach to follow the status of the splanchnic circulation.
Reducing Iatrogenic Pneumothoraces: Using Real-Time Ultrasound Guidance for Pleural Procedures
Authors: Helgeson Scott A. , Fritz Ashley V. , Tatari Mehmet M. , Daniels Craig E. , Diaz-Gomez Jose L. 
Published: April 2019

Objectives:
Awareness of the impact of bedside ultrasound to reduce iatrogenic pneumothoraces while performing bedside pleural procedures has increased but with little understanding in how ultrasound is used for these procedures.

Design and Setting:
We conducted a retrospective chart review at a tertiary referral center in the United States from January 1, 2014, to March 31, 2017. Our study assessed adverse effect rates between real-time ultrasound-guided and ultrasound-marked thoracenteses and thoracostomy tube placements.

Patients:
Three-hundred ninety-four ICU patients were included in this study.

Measurements and Main Results:
There was a significant difference in the rate of adverse effects between real-time ultrasound-guided (0.63% [95% CI, 0.11–3.4%]) and ultrasound-marked (6.89% [95% CI, 4.15–11.24%]; p ≤ 0.01) procedures. More specifically, the rate of pneumothoraces was different between the two procedures (0.63% [95% CI, 0.11–3.4%] vs 4.43% [95% CI, 2.35–8.21%]; p = 0.02). In patients mechanically ventilated, there was a significant difference in overall adverse effect rates between groups of ultrasound use (p = 0.01).

Conclusions:
The use of real-time ultrasound guidance was associated with a lower rate of iatrogenic pneumothoraces.
Adrenal tumors: when to search for a germline abnormality?
Authors: Gimenez-Roqueplo Anne-Paule 
Published: April 2019

Purpose of review
Over the last 20 years, the genetic landscape of adrenal tumours has been transformed by the identification of multiple susceptibility genes for the various tumour types. We review these recent developments here, and describe current recommendations for genetic testing in patients with tumours of the adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal paraganglia or the adrenal cortex.

Recent findings
Phaeochromocytomas (adrenal medulla tumours) and paragangliomas, aldosterone-producing adenomas, primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia, primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease and adrenocortical carcinoma (adrenal cortex tumours) may all be caused by a germline mutation in a specific gene, regardless of the presence/absence of a family history or syndromic disease at initial diagnosis. Dedicated genetic testing is now indicated in all these conditions, and in patients with clinical features suggestive of a specific inherited disease.

Summary
Genetic testing should be considered in all patients with adrenal tumours, and is crucial for correct management. The identification of a germline mutation in a susceptibility gene guides treatment in patients with adrenal cancer and will facilitate risk-adapted screening/surveillance protocols in mutation carriers.