bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neimark–Sacker bifurcation of a chemotherapy treatment of glioblastoma multiform (GBM)
Authors: Bozkurt F. , Yousef A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a system of differential equations with piecewise constant arguments to describe the growth of GBM under chemotherapeutic treatment and the interaction among the glial cells, the cancer cells, and the chemotherapeutic agents. In this work, the cancer cells are considered as two populations: the sensitive cancer cells and the resistant cancer cells. The sensitive tumor cells produce a population that is known as the resistant cell population, where this population has more resistance to the drug treatment than the sensitive tumor cell population. We analyze at first the local and global stability of the positive equilibrium point by considering the Schur–Cohn criteria and constructing a suitable Lyapunov function, respectively. Moreover, we use the center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory to show that the model undergoes Neimark–Sacker bifurcation. To investigate the case for the extinction of the tumor population, we consider the Allee threshold at time t. Simulation results support the theoretical study.
Efficiently counting complex multilayer temporal motifs in large-scale networks
Authors: Boekhout Hanjo D. , Kosters Walter A. , Takes Frank W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes novel algorithms for efficiently counting complex network motifs in dynamic networks that are changing over time. Network motifs are small characteristic configurations of a few nodes and edges, and have repeatedly been shown to provide insightful information for understanding the meso-level structure of a network. Here, we deal with counting more complex temporal motifs in large-scale networks that may consist of millions of nodes and edges. The first contribution is an efficient approach to count temporal motifs in multilayer networks and networks with partial timing, two prevalent aspects of many real-world complex networks. We analyze the complexity of these algorithms and empirically validate their performance on a number of real-world user communication networks extracted from online knowledge exchange platforms. Among other things, we find that the multilayer aspects provide significant insights in how complex user interaction patterns differ substantially between online platforms. The second contribution is an analysis of the viability of motif counting algorithms for motifs that are larger than the triad motifs studied in previous work. We provide a novel categorization of motifs of size four, and determine how and at what computational cost these motifs can still be counted efficiently. In doing so, we delineate the “computational frontier” of temporal motif counting algorithms.
A Nationwide multicenter registry and biobank program for deep phenotyping of idiopathic and hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension in Korea: the PAH platform for deep phenotyping in Korean subjects (PHOENIKS) cohort
Authors:   for the PHOENIKS Investigators, Jang Albert Youngwoo , Kim Sungseek , Park Su Jung , Choi Hanul , Oh Pyung Chun , Oh Seyeon , Kim Kyung-Hee , Kim Kye Hun , Byun Kyunghee , Chung Wook-Jin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive, chronic disease without curative treatment. Large registry data of these patient populations have been published, although, phenotypic variants within each subtype of PAH have not been elucidated. As interest towards personalized medicine grows, the need for a PAH cohort with a comprehensive understanding of patient phenotypes through multiomics approaches, called deep phenotyping, is on the rise. The PAH Platform for Deep Phenotyping in Korean Subjects (PHOENIKS) cohort is designed to collect clinical data as well as biological specimens for deep phenotyping in patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH) and heritable PAH (HPAH) in Korea.

Methods
A total of 17 regional hospitals are currently working on enrolling up to 100 consecutive IPAH/HPAH patients for obtaining clinical data and biological specimens across Korea. The diagnosis of PAH is based on right heart catheterization. All clinical data is stored in a government-based online database. Each participating hospitals collect a whole blood sample from each patient, through which DNA, RNA, serum, plasma, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells will be extracted from the buffy coat layer for further multiomics analysis.

Results
Not applicable.

Conclusions
The PHOENIKS cohort is enrolling IPAH and HPAH patients across Korea to determine the prognosis and drug response in different phenotypic variant. The data generated by this cohort are expected to open new doors for personalized medicine in PAH patients of South Korea.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03933579. Registered on May 1st, 2019.
Assessment of the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in peritoneal dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis on clinical trials
Authors: Ito Minoru , Saka Yosuke , Kuroki Yusuke , Yasuda Kaoru , Tsujimoto Hiraku , Tsujimoto Yasushi , Yuasa Hidemichi , Ryuzaki Munekazu , Ito Yasuhiko , Nakamoto Hidetomo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundRenin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASIs), either angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, are widely used in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease, as a renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade has renoprotective effects. Several studies show that preserving residual renal function is important for a better prognosis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Here, we systematically reviewed the beneficial or harmful effects of RAS blockade in PD patients.MethodsPubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, the Ichushi web databases, and other resources were selected to search clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials (RCT) published before April 14, 2017, using “peritoneal dialysis,” “angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,” “angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers,” and “randomized controlled trial” as keywords. Desired results were total mortality, technical survival, urine volume, residual renal function calculated byglomerular filtration rate(GFR), cardiovascular events, and anuria progression rate. The study protocol is registered in PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) under the registration number CRD42018104106.ResultsOf a total of 339 studies, eight were identified as suitable for the analysis. Only one study was blinded, whereas the other seven studies were open-label. RASI appeared to preserve residual renal function, GFR (4 studies, 163 participants, mean difference [MD] 0.97 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49–1.44), and urine volume (6 studies, 194 participants, MD 142.56 mL 95% CI 25.42–259.69), although there were no beneficial effects of RASI on total mortality, technical survival, cardiovascular events, and anuria rate.ConclusionsOur analysis found that RASIs contribute to preserving GFR and urine volume in PD patients. As the number of study participants is small, further studies with a larger sample size are required.
Structured additive distributional hurdle Poisson modelling of individual fertility levels in Nigeria
Authors: Somo-Aina Omodolapo , Gayawan Ezra 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFertility is one of the dynamic components of population and has been modelled through children ever born per woman, which is a count variable that can be characterized with excessive zeros origination from women without any births. In order to examine the spatial variation across states of Nigeria, we proposed the use of hurdle models that classifies the data into a truncated count and point mass of zeros. We adopt distributional regression model that allows all parameters of the hurdle model to be linked to covariates of different types so as to allow for accessing the spatial variations and nonlinear forms of metrical covariates on the level of fertility and in the likelihood of having no child. Data was sourced from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. Findings reveal the existence of north-south divide in the average level of fertility and in the likelihood of a woman not giving birth to any child. Women with higher level of education and those from richer or richest households have higher likelihood of having no child, but this is not the case for women with primary or secondary education, users of traditional or modern contraceptive, ever-married women and those working. There is therefore the need to strengthen family planning policies so that investment in contraceptive would yield the expected results in Nigeria.
Translation and validation of two disease-specific patient-reported outcome measures (Bladder Cancer Index and FACT-Bl-Cys) in Dutch bladder cancer patients
Authors: Michels Charlotte T. J. , Wijburg Carl J. , Abma Inger L. , Witjes J. Alfred , Grutters Janneke P. C. , Rovers Maroeska M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
The Bladder Cancer Index (BCI) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bladder-Cystectomy (FACT-Bl-Cys) were developed to measure disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in bladder cancer patients and patients treated with radical cystectomy, respectively. Both patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are frequently used in clinical practice, but are not yet validated according to the COSMIN criteria and not yet available in Dutch. Therefore, the aim of this study was to translate the BCI and FACT-Bl-Cys into Dutch and to evaluate their measurement properties according to the COSMIN criteria.

Methods
The BCI and FACT-Bl-Cys were translated into Dutch using a forward-backward method, and subsequently administered at baseline (pre-operatively) and 3 months post-operatively in bladder cancer patients who received a radical cystectomy. Validity (content and construct), reliability (internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and measurement error), floor and ceiling effects, and responsiveness were assessed according to the COSMIN criteria.

Results
Forward-backward translation encountered no particular linguistic problems. In total 260 patients completed the baseline measurement, while 182 patients completed the three-month measurement. Only a ceiling effect was identified for the BCI. Hypotheses testing for construct validity was satisfying, as 67% and 92% of the hypothesized correlations were confirmed. Structural validity was moderate for both measures, as confirmatory factor analyses showed limited fit. Reliability of both PROMs was good. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the BCI domains ranged from 0.47 to 0.93, minimal value of Cronbach’s α was 0.70, smallest detectable change on group level (SDC group) ranged from 1.9 to 8.6. The ICC of the FACT-Bl-Cys domains ranged from 0.43 to 0.83, minimal value of Cronbach’s α was 0.77, SDC group was around 1. Only the FACT-Bl-Cys total score was found to be responsive to changes in generic quality of life.

Conclusions
The Dutch versions of the BCI and FACT-Bl-Cys were shown to be reliable and have good content validity. Structural validity was limited for both measures. Only the FACT-Bl-Cys total score was responsive to changes in generic HRQOL. Despite some limitations, both PROMs seem suitable for use in clinical practice and research.
Accuracy of the cutoff value of the third molar maturity index: an Egyptian study
Authors: El-Bakary Amal A. , El-Azab Somaia M. , Abou El Atta Heba M. , Palacio Luz Andrea Velandia , Cameriere Roberto 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to test the sensitivity and specificity of the third molar maturity index (I3M) cutoff value to discriminate between individuals above and below 18 years of age in an Egyptian sample.Material and methodsDigital images of 247 orthopantographs (97 boys and 150 girls) were evaluated. The cutoff value of I3Mobtained from the results of Cameriere et al. (Int J Legal Med 122:493–497, 2008) was evaluated in both girls and boys.ResultsSensitivity (the proportion of individuals being 18 years of age or older) was 95% and 73% in boys and girls, respectively. Meanwhile, specificity (the proportion of individuals younger than 18) was 100% in boys and 97% in girls. The proportion of correctly classified boys was 97% while it was 59% in girls.ConclusionIt can be concluded that the third molar maturity index can discriminate between individuals who are 18 years and over and those under 18 with higher accuracy in boys.
Individualized Relative-Intensity Physical Activity Accelerometer Cut Points
Authors: SIDDIQUE JUNED , AABY DAVID , MONTAG SAMANTHA E. , SIDNEY STEPHEN , STERNFELD BARBARA , WELCH WHITNEY A. , CARNETHON MERCEDES R. , LIU KIANG , CRAFT LYNETTE L. , PETTEE GABRIEL KELLEY , BARONE GIBBS BETHANY , REIS JARED P. , FREEDSON PATTY 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Physical activity (PA) intensity is expressed as either absolute or relative intensity. Absolute intensity refers to the energy required to perform an activity. Relative intensity refers to a level of effort that takes into account how hard an individual is working relative to their maximum capacity. We sought to develop methods for obtaining individualized relative-intensity accelerometer cut points using data from a maximal graded exercise treadmill test (GXT) so that each individual has their own cut point.

Methods
A total of 2363 men and women 38 to 50 yr old from the CARDIA fitness study wore ActiGraph 7164 accelerometers during a maximal GXT and for seven consecutive days in 2005–2006. Using mixed-effects regression models, we regressed accelerometer counts on heart rate as a percentage of maximum (%HRmax) and on RPE. Based on these two models, we obtained a moderate-intensity (%HRmax = 64% or RPE = 12) count cut point that is specific to each participant. We applied these subject-specific cut points to the available CARDIA accelerometer data.

Results
Using RPE, the mean moderate-intensity accelerometer cut point was 4004 (SD = 1120) counts per minute. On average, cut points were higher for men (4189 counts per minute) versus women (3865 counts per minute) and were higher for Whites (4088 counts per minute) versus African Americans (3896 counts per minute). Cut points were correlated with body mass index (rho = −0.11) and GXT duration (rho = 0.33). Mean daily minutes of absolute- and relative-intensity moderate to vigorous PA were 34.1 (SD = 31.1) min·d−1 and 9.1 (SD = 18.2) min·d−1, respectively. RPE cut points were higher than those based on %HRmax. This is likely due to some participants ending the GXT before achieving their HRmax.

Conclusions
Accelerometer-based relative-intensity PA may be a useful measure of intensity relative to maximal capacity.
Effects of Exercise on Plantar Pressure during Walking in Children with Overweight/Obesity
Authors: MOLINA-GARCIA PABLO , MIRANDA-APARICIO DAMIAN , MOLINA-MOLINA ALEJANDRO , PLAZA-FLORIDO ABEL , MIGUELES JAIRO H. , MORA-GONZALEZ JOSE , CADENAS-SANCHEZ CRISTINA , ESTEBAN-CORNEJO IRENE , RODRIGUEZ-AYLLON MARIA , SOLIS-URRA PATRICIO , VANRENTERGHEM JOS , ORTEGA FRANCISCO B. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To investigate the effect of a 13-wk exercise program, based on “movement quality” and “multigames” work, on plantar pressure during walking in children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB).

Method
Seventy children (10.8 ± 1.2 yr, 58.5% girls) with OW/OB, as defined by the World Obesity Federation, were assigned to either a 13-wk exercise program (intervention group [EG]; n = 39), or to a usual lifestyle control group (CG) (n = 31). Children underwent assessments of basic anthropometry (weight and height) and plantar pressure during walking before and after the intervention period, recording plantar surface area (cm2), maximum force (N), and force–time integrals (N·s−1).

Results
After the 13-wk intervention period, the EG participants showed no significant change in total plantar surface area, while the CG participants experienced an increase in this variable (small effect size, −2.5 SD; P = 0.015). Compared with the GC participants, the EG participants showed a greater increase in the maximum force supported beneath the forefoot during walking at the end of the intervention period (small effect size, 0.33 SD; P = 0.012), specifically under the lateral and medial forefoot (both P < 0.05). Force–time changed similarly in both groups by the end of the intervention period (all regions P > 0.05).

Conclusions
These results suggest the exercise program led to positive structural and functional changes in plantar pressure during walking. The increase in maximum force supported by the forefoot in the EG children might indicate a change toward a more normal foot rollover pattern and a more adult gait.
The Anthropometry of Economical Running
Authors: BLACK MATTHEW I. , ALLEN SAM J. , FORRESTER STEPH E. , FOLLAND JONATHAN P. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe influence of anthropometry and body composition on running economy is unclear, with previous investigations involving small relatively homogeneous groups of runners and limited anthropometric/composition measurements.PurposeTo comprehensively investigate the relationships of anthropometry and body composition with running economy within a large heterogeneous sample of runners.MethodsEighty-five runners (males [M],n= 45; females [F],n= 40), of diverse competitive standard, performed a discontinuous protocol of incremental treadmill running (4-min stages, 1 km·h−1increments) to establish locomotory energy cost (LEc) of running at submaximal speeds (averaged across 10–12 km·h−1; the highest common speed < lactate turnpoint). Measurements of anthropometry, including segment lengths, perimeters, masses and moments of inertia, and body composition were obtained using tape-based measurements and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.ResultsAbsolute LEc (ABSLEc, kcal·km−1) was positively correlated with 21 (of 27) absolute anthropometric variables in both male and female cohorts. Multiple-regression analyses revealed that one variable (mean perimeterzscore) explained 49.4% (M) and 68.9% (F) of the variance inABSLEc. Relative LEc (RELLEc, kcal·kg−1·km−1) was also correlated with five (M) and seven (F) normalized anthropometric variables, and regression analyses explained 31.6% (M; percentage bone mass and normalized hip perimeter) and 33.3% (F, normalized forearm perimeter) of the variance inRELLEc.ConclusionsThese findings provide novel and robust evidence that anthropometry and body composition variables, predominantly indicative of relative slenderness, explain a considerable proportion of the variance in running economy (i.e., more slender, lower energy cost). We, therefore, recommend that runners and coaches are attentive to relative slenderness in selecting and training athletes with the aim of enhancing running economy, and improving distance running performance.
Exercise Core Temperature Response with a Simulated Burn Injury: Effect of Body Size
Authors: CRAMER MATTHEW N. , MORALEZ GILBERT , HUANG MU , KOUDA KEN , POH PAULA Y. S. , CRANDALL CRAIG G. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Although the severity of a burn injury is often associated with the percentage of total body surface area burned (%TBSA), the thermoregulatory consequences of a given %TBSA injury do not account for the interactive effects of body morphology and metabolic heat production (H
prod).

Purpose
Using a simulated burn injury model to mimic the detrimental effect of a 40% TBSA injury on whole-body evaporative heat dissipation, core temperature response to exercise in physiologically uncompensable conditions between morphologically disparate groups were examined at (i) an absolute H
prod (W), and (ii) a mass-specific H
prod (W·kg−1).

Methods
Healthy, young, nonburned individuals of small (SM, n = 11) or large (LG, n = 11) body size cycled for 60 min at 500 W or 5.3 W·kg−1 of H
prod in 39°C and 20% relative humidity conditions. A 40% burn injury was simulated by affixing a highly absorbent, vapor-impermeable material across the torso (20% TBSA), arms (10% TBSA), and legs (10% TBSA) to impede evaporative heat loss in those regions.

Results
Although the elevation in core temperature was greater in SM compared with LG at an H
prod of 500 W (SM, 1.69°C ± 0.26°C; LG, 1.05°C ± 0.26°C; P < 0.01), elevations in core temperature were not different at an H
prod of 5.3 W·kg−1 between groups (SM, 0.99°C ± 0.32°C; LG, 1.05°C ± 0.26°C; P = 0.66).

Conclusions
These data suggest that among individuals with a 40% TBSA burn injury, a smaller body size leads to exacerbated elevations in core temperature during physical activities eliciting the same absolute H
prod (non–weight-bearing tasks) but not activities eliciting the same mass-specific H
prod (weight-bearing tasks).
Dysregulated Inflammatory Response Related to Cartilage Degradation after ACL Injury
Authors: JACOBS CALE A. , HUNT EMILY R. , CONLEY CAITLIN E.-W. , JOHNSON DARREN L. , STONE AUSTIN V. , HUEBNER JANET L. , KRAUS VIRGINIA B. , LATTERMANN CHRISTIAN 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTPurposeElevated synovial fluid (SF) concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, degradative enzymes, and cartilage breakdown markers at the time of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are associated with worse postoperative patient-reported outcomes and cartilage quality. However, it remains unclear if this is due to a more robust or dysregulated inflammatory response or is a function of a more severe injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of the molecular composition of the SF, patient demographics, and injury characteristics to cartilage degradation after acute ACL injury.MethodsWe performed a cluster analysis of SF concentrations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and biomarkers of cartilage degradation, bony remodeling, and hemarthrosis. We evaluated the association of biomarker clusters with patient demographics, days between injury, Visual Analogue Scale pain, SF aspirate volumes, and bone bruise volumes measured on magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsTwo clusters were identified from the 35 patients included in this analysis, dysregulated inflammation and low inflammation. The dysregulated inflammation cluster consisted of 10 patients and demonstrated significantly greater concentrations of biomarkers of cartilage degradation (P< 0.05) as well as a lower ratio of anti-inflammatory to proinflammatory cytokines (P= 0.053) when compared with the low inflammation cluster. Patient demographics, bone bruise volumes, SF aspirate volumes, pain, and concomitant injuries did not differ between clusters.ConclusionsA subset of patients exhibited dysregulation of the inflammatory response after acute ACL injury which may increase the risk of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. This response does not appear to be a function of injury severity.