bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and factors associated with low back pain among nurses at a regional hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Dlungwane Thembelihle , Voce Anna , Knight Stephen 
Published: May 2018

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a public health problem worldwide and is a common cause of work-related disorder among workers, especially in the nursing profession. Recruitment and retention of nurses is a challenge, and the nursing shortage has been exacerbated by the burden of occupational injuries such as LBP and related disabilities. The physiotherapy clinical records revealed that caseload of nurses presenting for the management of LBP was increasing. The prevalence and factors associated with LBP were unclear.Methods: A cross-sectional study design with an analytic component was implemented. Data were collected utilising a self-administered questionnaire to determine the prevalence and factors associated with LBP among nurses at a regional hospital. Bivariate analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with LBP.Results: The point prevalence of current LBP in nurses was 59%. The highest prevalence was recorded among enrolled nurses (54%), respondents aged 30–39 (46%), overweight respondents (58%) and those working in obstetrics and gynaecology (49%). Bending (p = 0.002), prolonged position (p = 0.03) and transferring patients (p = 0.004) were strongly associated with LBP. Nurses with more than 20 years in the profession reported a high prevalence of LBP. The prevalence of LBP was higher among the participants who were on six-month rotations (76%) compared with those on yearly rotation (16%).Conclusion: A high proportion of nurses reported to have LBP. Occupational factors are strongly associated with LBP. Education programmes on prevention and workplace interventions are required in order to reduce occupational injuries.
Outcomes of Prostate Atypical Small Acinar Proliferation and High-Grade Prostate Intraepithelial Neoplasm Patients
Authors: Tung Sheng-Yung , Pu Yeong-Shiau , Huang Chao-Yuan , Chang Hong-Chiang , Huang Kuo-How , Wang Shuo-Meng , Tai Huai-Ching , Chen Chung-Hsin 
Published: May 2018

Objective:
Atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) are two pathological findings occasionally noted in prostate biopsies. Previous Western studies reported that they were associated with prostate cancer. However, none Taiwanese series report the subsequent cancer detection in ASAP and HGPIN patients. This study aimed to examine the results of repeated biopsies in the patients with ASAP and HGPIN.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 220 consecutive patients with ASAP and/or HGPIN at our institute between January 1990 and December 2010 were enrolled. Patient demographics and clinical information were extracted from the electronic database of our institute. Prostate biopsies were performed through transrectal ultrasound guidance. The patients who had concurrent prostate cancer (n = 51) and no repeated prostate biopsies (n = 103) were excluded from the study. Patients with biopsy pathologies reporting low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (n = 2) were also excluded. The remaining 64 patients were available for the final analysis.

Results:
Nearly, 38, 24, and 2 patients were initially diagnosed as ASAP, HGPIN, and ASAP along with HGPIN, respectively. After 10 years of follow-up, 36.8% patients in ASAP group developed prostate cancer, while 16.7% in HGPIN group and 100% in ASAP + HGPIN group. Median time to developing prostate cancer were 20 months in ASAP group, 31 months in HGPIN group, and 48 months in ASAP + HGPIN group. There was no significant difference of prostate cancer development between ASAP and HGPIN group (P = 0.291). Only older age, classified by 65 years, was significantly associated with a higher detection rate of prostate cancer.

Conclusion:
Patients with the initial diagnosis of ASAP or PIN has a high risk of developing prostate cancer. Therefore, those patients should be well announced and followed regularly.
Using Unannounced Standardized Patients to Explore Variation in Care for Patients With Depression
Authors: Zabar Sondra , Hanley Kathleen , Watsula-Morley Amanda , Goldstein Jenna , Altshuler Lisa , Dumorne Heather , Wallach Andrew , Porter Barbara , Kalet Adina , Gillespie Colleen 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBackground Physicians across specialties need to be skilled at diagnosing and treating depression, yet studies show underrecognition and inadequate treatment. Understanding the reasons requires specifying the influence of patient presentation, screening, and physician competence.Objective We deployed an unannounced standardized patient (SP) case to assess clinic screening and internal medicine (IM) residents' practices in identifying, documenting, and treating depression.Methods The SP represented a new patient presenting to the outpatient clinic, complaining of fatigue, with positive Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) items 2 and 9 and a family history of depression. The SPs assessed clinic screening and IM resident practices; appropriate treatment was assessed through chart review and defined as the resident doing at least 1 of the following: prescribing a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), making a referral, or scheduling a 2-week follow-up.Results Of 129 IM residents, 85 (66%) provided appropriate treatment, 79 (61%) appropriately referred, 59 (46%) prescribed an SSRI, and 49 (38%) scheduled a 2-week follow-up, while 40 (31%) did not add depression to the problem list. The IM residents who used PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 were more likely to appropriately (89%) versus inappropriately (50%) treat (P &lt; .001). Compared with those who did not, residents who treated appropriately assessed depression symptoms more (P &lt; .001) and had better communication (73% versus 50%, P = .02), patient centeredness (74% versus 42%, P = .03), and patient activation skills (35% versus 11%, P &lt; .001).Conclusions The use of unannounced SPs helps identify targets for training residents to provide evidence-based treatment of depression.
Quantifying the effect of aerosol on vertical velocity and effective terminal velocity in warm convective clouds
Authors: Dagan Guy , Koren Ilan , Altaratz Orit 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Better representation of cloud–aerosol interactions is crucial for an improved understanding of natural and anthropogenic effects on climate. Recent studies have shown that the overall aerosol effect on warm convective clouds is non-monotonic. Here, we reduce the system's dimensions to its center of gravity (COG), enabling distillation and simplification of the overall trend and its temporal evolution. Within the COG framework, we show that the aerosol effects are nicely reflected by the interplay of the system's characteristic vertical velocities, namely the updraft (w) and the effective terminal velocity (η). The system's vertical velocities can be regarded as a sensitive measure for the evolution of the overall trends with time. Using a bin-microphysics cloud-scale model, we analyze and follow the trends of the aerosol effect on the magnitude and timing of w and η, and therefore the overall vertical COG velocity. Large eddy simulation (LES) model runs are used to upscale the analyzed trends to the cloud-field scale and study how the aerosol effects on the temporal evolution of the field's thermodynamic properties are reflected by the interplay between the two velocities. Our results suggest that aerosol effects on air vertical motion and droplet mobility imply an effect on the way in which water is distributed along the atmospheric column. Moreover, the interplay between w and η predicts the overall trend of the field's thermodynamic instability. These factors have an important effect on the local energy balance.
Advection and dispersion of bed load tracers
Authors: Lajeunesse Eric , Devauchelle Olivier , James François 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. We use the erosion–deposition model introduced by Charru et al. (2004) to
numerically simulate the evolution of a plume of bed load tracers entrained by
a steady flow. In this model, the propagation of the plume results from the
stochastic exchange of particles between the bed and the bed load layer. We
find a transition between two asymptotic regimes. The tracers, initially at rest, are gradually
set into motion by the flow. During this
entrainment regime, the plume is strongly skewed in the direction of
propagation and continuously accelerates while spreading nonlinearly. With
time, the skewness of the plume eventually reaches a maximum value before
decreasing. This marks the transition to an advection–diffusion regime in
which the plume becomes increasingly symmetrical, spreads linearly, and
advances at constant velocity. We analytically derive the expressions of the
position, the variance, and the skewness of the plume and investigate their
asymptotic regimes. Our model assumes steady state. In the field, however,
bed load transport is intermittent. We show that the asymptotic regimes become
insensitive to this intermittency when expressed in terms of the distance
traveled by the plume. If this finding applies to the field, it might provide
an estimate for the average bed load transport rate.
«Å bli til i det å bli sett». Om sammenvevingen av det etiske og det estetiske i Trondheims minnepark for 22. juli-ofrene
Authors: Solli Mattias 
Published: May 2018

Artikkelen er en fenomenologisk og hermeneutisk betraktning av Trondheims minnepark for 22. juli-ofrene. Bakgrunnen ligger i et etisk moment av hermeneutisk selvkritikk, som utspilte seg i storsamfunnets reaksjoner på terroren, og som parken må sees i lys av. Artikkelen tar utgangspunkt i at flere av diktene som er slipt inn i minneparkens hvite betong, tematiserer behovet for mellommenneskelig anerkjennelse. Ved hjelp av kunstteoretikeren Bourriaud og filosofene Fichte og Hegel synliggjøres det hvordan dette temaet – mellommenneskelig anerkjennelse – kan sies å være integrert i parkens helhetlige estetikk. Siste del drøfter ved hjelp av Gadamer hvordan anerkjennelse også er relevant for aktiviteten med å gå omkring og lese diktene i parken. Til sammen belyser artikkelen hvordan minneparken utgjør en sammenveving av det etiske og det estetiske, og hvordan ordet minne her har to betydninger. Med parken minnes vi ofrene for terroren i betydningen kollektiv hukommelse, eller in memoriam. Samtidig blir vi påminnet vår evne til å være i relasjon med andre mennesker, og til å vokse i relasjonelt samspill. Den siste betydningen er filosofisk, og spiller på betydningen gjenerindring (gresk: anamnesis).
Nøkkelord: hermeneutisk selvkritikk, anerkjennelse, deltakelse, hverdagslighet, lesning

English summary: "Becoming fully oneself by being seen." On the connection between ethics and aesthetics in Trondheim's Memorial Park for the July 22 victims
This article presents a phenomenological and hermeneutical consideration of Trondheim's Memorial Park for the July 22 victims. The background evolves in an ethical and hermeneutical form of self-criticism, which emerged in Norway in the public reactions to the terror. The article observes the fact that several of the poems embedded in the white concrete of the Memorial Park promote the need for interpersonal recognition. Through considering ideas of Bourriaud, Fichte, and Hegel, the author demonstrates how this very theme of interpersonal recognition is integrated into the park's overall aesthetics. The author considers how recognition is also relevant to the activity of reading the poems in the park through evoking Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics. In sum, the article demonstrates how the Memorial Park constitutes a joining of the ethical and aesthetic dimensions and how the word memorial [Norwegian: minne] here gains two meanings. In the park we remember the victims of the terror in the sense of collective memory, or in memoriam. At the same time, we are reminded of our ability to be in relationship with other people and to grow in relational interaction. The latter sense is philosophical and draws on the meaning of recollection (Greek: anamnesis).
Keywords: hermeneutical self-criticism, recognition, participation, everyday life, reading
Phase plane quantification of single-joint smoothness
Authors: Wininger Michael , Krasner Alex , Kim Nam Hun , Craelius William 
Published: May 2018

We report a metric of single joint movement smoothness based on phase plane analysis of trajectories of the wrist about the elbow. Overall smoothness was quantified as the Phase Area Ratio (PAR), comparing the total area circumscribed by the acceleration-velocity (A-V) curve, to the area of its convex hull; PAR ranges from 0 (perfectly smooth) to 1 (gross motor impairment). Elbow flexion records obtained from a cohort study showed that PAR was significantly different in intact (PAR = 9.4x10-4 ± 6.6x10-4, group average, N = 18) versus chronic stroke patients (0.11 ± 0.15, N = 9; Wilcoxon rank-sum on group means: P < .0001). Separate simulations showed that PAR was appropriately insensitive to velocity asymmetry and to scale factors, e.g. range of motion, peak- and average velocity, and movement duration. We conclude that PAR is an attractive smoothness measure, as it accomplishes four objectives: 1) insensitivity to scale factors unrelated to trajectory shape, 2) discrimination of an intact versus impaired cohort, 3) reporting a near-zero impairment for healthy actors, responding appropriately to asymmetries commonly observed in human movement, and 4) operation on a fixed, closed scale.
GUERRA, TERRORISMO E CONDIÇÃO HUMANA
Authors: Valverde Antonio 
Published: May 2018

Aportes acerca dos nexos entre guerra, terrorismo e condição humana, como espetáculo sob o ocaso das premissas liberais; recortes de Literatura e Música sob a óptica de personagens com “coração sem medo”; passagens da filosofia nietzscheana sobre os lados execrados da condição humana.Palavras-chave: Guerra, Terrorismo, Espetáculo, Literatura, Nietzsche.
PSICOLOGIA E METAFÍSICA EM SOBRE O FUNDAMENTO DA MORAL
Authors: Bacelar Kleverton 
Published: May 2018

Esse artigo, apresentado previamente em conferência, procura evidenciar a tensão entre psicologia e metafísica em Sobre o Fundamento da Moral. Procura, ainda, explorar as conseqüências que Nietzsche extrai dela em sua polêmica com Schopenhauer.Palavras-chave: Psicologia, Metafísica, Compaixão, Ética.
A MORAL COMO INTERPRETAÇÃO: a crítica nietzschiana à moral de rebanho
Authors: Oliveira Jelson 
Published: May 2018

Neste artigo analisaremos a crítica de Nietzsche à moral de rebanho (identificada como a moral platônicosocrático- cristã) a partir de sua noção de moral como interpretação. Passando pela crítica aos filósofos da moral que, de forma superficial, limitaram-se às ações e fatos morais, fazendo um trabalho de fundamentação e não de problematização da moral, Nietzsche critica a expansão do instinto gregário negador da vida, sob os parâmetros da igualdade e da coletividade, e abona a solidão como virtude do tipo nobre, capaz dereconduzir o homem para “si mesmo”. Palavras-chave: Interpretação, Hierarquia, Solidão, Moral de rebanho, Instinto gregário.
A ATUALIDADE DA ÉTICA DE ARISTÓTELES E AS ÉTICAS DA ATUALIDADE: esboço de um confronto
Authors: Stein Coval Fabiano 
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo objetiva confrontar criticamente a ética de Aristóteles e os principais modelos éticos contemporâneos: o utilitarismo, a ética do discurso e a teoria de John Rawls. Considera a viabilidade da ética aristotélica e explora os conceitos de experiência moral e dialética, onde se procura a extensão dos mesmosnas reflexões hodiernas e se faz efetivamente as devidas comparações entre os referidos modelos.Palavras-chave: Ética, Aristóteles, Utilitarismo, Dialética, Virtude.
A PROPÓSITO DO TÍTULO A HERMENÊUTICA DO SUJEITO
Authors: Tannus Muchail Salma 
Published: May 2018

Introduzindo a observação sobre a coerência entre forma e conteúdo do Curso de 1982, é preciso perguntar pela coerência entre o Curso e seu título, já que nem forma nem conteúdo parecem corresponder exatamente ao que seria uma hermenêutica do sujeito. Por um lado, o título não é compatível com o Curso na medida em que este não se ocupa preferencialmente com o sujeito enquanto “conhecimento de si” mas enquanto “cuidado de si” o qual não é, de fato, assunto da hermenêutica. Por outro lado, o título tem duplo sentido: do ponto de vista histórico, o Curso ocupa-se com as condições que tornam possível o que viria a ser uma hermenêutica do sujeito, enquanto que do ponto de vista genealógico ele trata das possibilidades de superação do que veio a ser uma hermenêutica do sujeito. Portanto, a coerência da relação entre o título e o que ele designa reside nesta ambiguidade.
O papel da vigilância entomológica no primeiro foco ativo urbano de Leishmaniose Visceral do município do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Rodrigues Cláudio Manuel 
Published: May 2018

Introdução: A leishmaniose Visceral (LV) é uma antropozoonose causada pela Leishmania infantum que avança nos últimos trinta anos à passos largos em sentido ao ambiente urbano. Desde 1977 há registros da doença em áreas periféricas do município do Rio de Janeiro, entretanto em 2011 foi descrita no bairro do Caju por meio do diagnóstico do parasita em cães infectados e da captura de espécimes de seu principal vetor. Objetivo: Este artigo tem por objetivo divulgar o trabalho primário de captura e identificação entomológica destes espécimes que proporcionou ações de vigilância no primeiro foco ativo urbano de LV na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, citado recentemente em diversos estudos, mas ainda não publicizado em todos os seus detalhes. Métodos: As armadilhas luminosas CDC adaptadas foram instaladas de forma setorizada em área circular de 1000 m de raio a partir do suposto ponto focal, das 17h00m às 07h00m da manhã seguinte, entre junho e setembro de 2011. Resultados: Foram capturados 253 espécimes de Lutzomyia longipalpis, dos quais 63,1% na área do canil, considerado o foco primário de dispersão dos vetores. Conclusão: Os resultados descritos corroboram com artigos que indicam a urbanização do principal vetor da LV, salientando a importância de estudos mais detalhados sobre o seu ciclo biológico urbano e a necessidade da mudança dos paradigmas da vigilância das leishmanioses no Brasil.
Fatores associados à autoavaliação negativa da saúde em idosos cadastrados nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde
Authors: Santos Eliziária Cardoso dos , Couto Bárbara De Menezes , Bastone Alessandra De Carvalho 
Published: May 2018

Introdução: A autoavaliação do estado de saúde pode ser considerada um preditor significante e independente de funcionalidade e morbimortalidade em idosos. Objetivo: Verificar a associação de indicadores sociodemográficos, de saúde e funcionalidade com a autoavaliação negativa da saúde (AANS) em idosos. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com uma amostra estratificada de idosos comunitários do município de Diamantina (MG), Brasil. Para avaliar a AANS e as variáveis sociodemográficas, de saúde e funcionalidade foi utilizado o Questionário BOAS – Brazil Old Age Schedule. Os testes Timed up & go e Functional reach foram aplicados para avaliar funcionalidade e risco de quedas, respectivamente. Para as análises univariadas utilizou-se o teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson e o teste Qui-Quadrado de tendência linear (p ≤ 0,20). As análises múltiplas foram realizadas por meio de três modelos de regressão logística (p ≤ 0,05). Resultados: 401 idosos participaram deste estudo. As variáveis que apresentaram associação significativa com a AANS foram: idade de 80 anos e mais (OR=1,81; IC95%=1,06-3,08), recurso financeiro insuficiente (OR=2,43; IC95%=1,55-3,78), histórico de quedas (OR=3,24; IC95%=1,71-6,14), hipertensão (OR=3,27; IC95%=1,37-7,81), doença neurológica (OR=2,36; IC95%=1,18-4,71), doença osteomioarticular (OR=2,18; IC95%=1,26-3,78), depressão (OR=3,87; IC95%=1,88-7,75), tempo de doença > 12 anos (OR=2,13; IC95%=1,12-4,03), uso de prótese dentária (OR=0,50; IC95%=0,28-0,89), tempo ≥ 10 segundos para realização do Timed up & go (OR=2,54; IC95%=1,62-3,10), incapacidade em 2 ou mais atividades de vida diária (OR=1,86; IC95%=1,17-2,95) e autorrelato de sentir menos energia (OR=2,60; IC95%=1,57-4,31). Conclusão: A AANS está associada a fatores sociodemográficos, de saúde e funcionalidade, indicando a necessidade de um cuidado integral à saúde do idoso.
Beam focal spot position determination for an Elekta linac with the Agility® head; practical guide with a ready‐to‐go procedure
Authors: Chojnowski Jacek M. , Taylor Lee M. , Sykes Jonathan R. , Thwaites David I. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA novel phantomless, EPID‐based method of measuring the beam focal spot offset of a linear accelerator was proposed and validated for Varian machines. In this method, one set of jaws and the MLC were utilized to form a symmetric field and then a 180o collimator rotation was utilized to determine the radiation isocenter defined by the jaws and the MLC, respectively. The difference between these two isocentres is directly correlated with the beam focal spot offset of the linear accelerator. In the current work, the method has been considered for Elekta linacs. An Elekta linac with the Agility® head does not have two set of jaws, therefore, a modified method is presented making use of one set of diaphragms, the MLC and a full 360o collimator rotation. The modified method has been tested on two Elekta Synergy® linacs with Agility® heads and independently validated. A practical guide with instructions and a MATLAB® code is attached for easy implementation.
Poly(β‐amino ester)‐co‐poly(caprolactone) Terpolymers as Nonviral Vectors for mRNA Delivery In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Capasso Palmiero Umberto , Kaczmarek James C. , Fenton Owen S. , Anderson Daniel G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe production of new proteins with messenger RNA (mRNA) has gained a broad interest due to its potential for addressing a wide range of diseases. Here, the design and characterization of novel ionizable poly(β‐amino ester)‐co‐poly(caprolactone) terpolymers, synthesized via the combination of the ring opening polymerization and the Michael step‐growth polymerization, are reported. The versatility of this method is demonstrated by varying the number of caprolactone units attached to each poly(β‐amino ester) (PBAE) terpolymer. The ability of the novel poly‐caprolactone (PCL)‐based PBAE materials to deliver mRNA is shown to depend on the physiochemical characteristics of the material, such as lipophilicity, as well as the formulation method used to complex the polymer with the oligonucleotide. This latter variable represents a previously unstudied aspect of PBAE library screens that can play an important role in identifying true top candidates for nucleic acid delivery. The most stable terpolymer is injected intravenously (IV) in mice and shows a transfection efficacy several times higher than the polyethylenimine (PEI) which is focused in the spleen, opening the possibility to use these biodegradable carriers in the intravenous delivery of antigen‐encoding mRNA for cancer immunotherapy and vaccination.