bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De Achmea-zaak voor het Europees Hof van Justitie. Het einde van intra-EU-investeringsverdragen?
Authors: De Brabandere E. 
Published: July 2018

De Achmea-zaak voor het Europees Hof van Justitie. Het einde van intra-EU-investeringsverdragen?
Op 6 maart 2018 heeft het Hof van Justitie zijn oordeel geveld in de Achmea-zaak. Deze langverwachte uitspraak maakt een (voorlopig) einde aan een heet hangijzer, namelijk de discussie over de rechtsgeldigheid – in het EU-recht – van arbitrageclausules in investeringsverdragen gesloten tussen twee lidstaten van de Europese Unie (EU), de zogenoemde intra-EU-BIT’s. Het Hof van Justitie verklaart arbitrageclausules in intra-EU-investeringsverdragen in strijd met de artikelen 267 en 344 VWEU. De uitspraak van het Hof van Justitie is voor de Commissie, die sinds enkele jaren een actief beleid voert om een einde te maken aan investeringsverdragen tussen EU-lidstaten, zonder meer welkom. De lidstaten van de EU zullen thans weinig ruimte hebben om die intra-EU-BIT’s te behouden, maar de vraag blijft evenwel wat het effect van de uitspraak zal zijn op aanhangige en toekomstige arbitrages op basis van dergelijke verdragen.HvJ 6 maart 2018, zaak C-284/16, Slowakische Republiek/Achmea B.V., ECLI:EU:C:2018:158.
Online vergaren van informatie voor opsporingsonderzoek
Authors: Stol Wouter , Strikwerda Litska 
Published: July 2018

The online gathering of information for criminal investigation – A concise evaluation of proposed legislation
The Dutch Police Act provides the police with the legal power to gather information about a person on the internet as long as this does not cause more than ‘a limited violation of privacy’. If the police are gathering more information about a person they need a special legal power laid down in the Dutch Code of Criminal Procedure. The dividing line between ‘a limited violation of privacy’ and ‘more than a limited violation of privacy’ is not always clear. The legislator is preparing a new piece of legislation to provide the police with more clarity. This article discusses the suggested law article with respect to the gathering of information from open sources. Furthermore, this article suggests to not only regulate the amount of information the police are gathering but also the kind of tools that the police use (simple search machine versus an advanced web crawler).
De digitale schandpaal: opsporingsberichtgeving in een gedigitaliseerde samenleving
Authors: Vanderveen Gabry , Samadi Mojan 
Published: July 2018

The digital pillory: police and prosecutorial appeals for information and wanted notices in a digitalized society
In the context of criminal investigations police and prosecution can appeal to the public for information to further their case. This decision cannot be taken lightly and requires a balancing exercise between the rights of the suspect (and other people involved), specifically the right to privacy, the interest of criminal investigations, such as the identification of the suspect or witnesses, and public pressure to fight crime.In the current digital society, the prosecutor can choose between a wide range of (new) media and modes of communication to ask for information. Next to wanted notices on paper posters and broadcasts on television, appeals for information are published on websites, social media platforms, apps and digital screens. Citizens can modify and share these appeals and they can comment on them. This necessitates careful consideration by the prosecutor on whether and how to appeal for information. After all, these appeals could lead to DIY-policing or online vigilantism (digilantism), leading to infringements on the right to privacy and even possibly to misidentification of suspects.This article contributes to the continuing debate. We describe the legal framework the prosecution has to take into account in such cases. The importance of a considered decision is illustrated by three cases in which judicial authorities appealed to the public for help in the criminal investigations, resulting in massive (media) attention and consequently affecting the eventual criminal case against the defendants. In two of these cases the prosecutorial decision to involve the public’s help resulted in a violation of the defendants’ rights to privacy and consequently had to be remedied by the court. Both cases led to social, legal and political debate about the balance between privacy and crime control.
The Dual-use of Drones
Authors: Novitzky Peter , Kokkeler Ben , Verbeek Peter-Paul 
Published: July 2018

Het dubbele gebruik van drones
Drones en drone-gerelateerde cybertechnologieën nemen een vlucht in het veiligheidsdomein in de vorm van toepassingen door het leger, de politie, brandweer, private beveiligingsbedrijven, en ook deurwaarders, agrariërs en burgerinitiatieven. Drones werden in eerste instantie ontwikkeld voor militaire doeleinden. Hun aanpassingsvermogen als universele platforms voor beeldregistratie en goederenvervoer leidt tot hoge verwachtingen rond toepassing in het civiele domein. Dit artikel onderzoekt de ethische aspecten van “dual use” van drones en gerelateerde technologieën. Verschillende dimensies van dual use worden verkend: de technologisch ontwikkeling, maar ook de ontwikkeling van wet- en regelgeving in Amerika en Europa. Voor het Nederlandse veiligheidsdomein is relevant dat dit artikel bijdraagt aan het signaleren van de noodzaak om de ontwikkeling en toepassing van drones in breder perspectief te bezien. Drones en hun toepassingen maken deel uit van de internationale markt van militaire organisaties en van veiligheidsorganisaties in het publieke en private domein. Bovendien maken ze veelal deel uit van geïntegreerde systemen en van wereldwijde platforms voor consumentenelektronica. Dit artikel is een van de resultaten uit het door NWO gefinancierde project 'Responsible Design of Drones and Drone Services: Towards an Ethical and Juridical Tool For Drone Design and Risk Assessment' (Project no. 313-99-318). Het project was gericht op het ontwikkelen van een instrument voor ontwikkeling en gebruik van dronetoepassingen uitgaande van methoden als Responsible Research & Innovation (RRI) en Value Sensitive Design (VSD).
Moving Toward a Systematic Approach for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: An Institutional Experience and Literature Review
Authors: Luo Xunda , Jhala Nirag , Khurana Jasvir S. , Fundakowski Christopher , Jhala Darshana N. , Wang He 
Published: July 2018

Context.—Despite the clinical utility of fine-needle aspiration for the diagnosis of salivary pathologies, salivary lesions remain one of the most challenging areas in cytopathology. This is partially because there is no consensus on how to report salivary gland cytopathology, which has resulted in inconsistent terminology among institutions and individual cytopathologists and in confusion in communication among cytopathologists and ordering providers.Objective.—To summarize our experience with an institutional salivary gland cytopathology reporting system, as an initiative to promote collaborative work toward a consensus on a reporting system.Design.—We developed an empirical 6-tier classification reporting system. Slides of 107 salivary gland fine-needle aspirations with subsequent histology slides were reviewed and reclassified using the 6-tier system. The performance of the cytology reporting system was evaluated with the histology diagnoses serving as the gold standard.Results.—Fine-needle aspiration diagnoses made based on the institutional 6-tier classification system were generally consistent with histology diagnoses for the disease spectrum reported in this study. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for diagnosing malignancies with the system were 86% (12 of 14), 93% (40 of 43), 80% (12 of 15), and 95% (40 of 42), respectively. The risk of malignancy increased from 0% (0 of 13) for negative for neoplasm to 7% (2 of 29) for benign neoplasm, 67% (2 of 3) for suspicious for malignancy, and 83% (10 of 12) for positive for malignancy.Conclusions.—The institutional 6-tier system provides a succinct, risk-of-malignancy–based system to report salivary gland cytology. Our experience with this system helps to pave the way for the adoption of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology.
Transposing Proper Names in Frank McCourt’s Memoir Angela’s Ashes from English into Maltese
Authors: Grima Kenneth 
Published: July 2018

This paper focuses on the transposition from English into Maltese of the various proper names encountered in Frank McCourt’s memoirAngela’s Ashes(Chapter 1). To achieve this aim, an extended practical translation exercise by the author himself is used. Eight different categories of proper names were identified in the source-text ranging from common people names to nicknames, titles and forms of address. Four different categories of cross-cultural transposition of proper names were considered, although only two were actually used. Various translation strategies were adopted ranging from non-translation to modification, depending on whether the particular proper name has a ‘conventional’ meaning or a culturally ‘loaded’ meaning. Although cultural losses were unavoidable, cultural gains were also experienced. Wherever possible, the original proper names were preserved to avoid any change in meaning and interference in their functionality as cultural markers. Moreover, a semantic creative translation was preferred, especially with proper names that were culturally and semantically loaded to reduce the amount of processing effort required by the target-reader and to minimize the cultural losses of relevant contextual and cultural implications in the target-text.
Émile Nelligan en espagnol : quatre versions latino-américaines d’un même « soir d’hiver »
Authors: Stratford Madeleine 
Published: July 2018

Émile Nelligan est un des plus grands auteurs de la poésie québécoise, symbole du « poète maudit ». De tous les membres de l’École de Montréal, il est le plus traduit en espagnol. Éditées au Mexique dès les années 1980, les premières versions sont rééditées, révisées et augmentées à la fin des années 1990. En outre, deux anthologies mexicaines et une espagnole publient une sélection traduite entre 1996 et 2002. Mis en musique et inclus dans de nombreux manuels, Soir d’hiver constitue l’un des plus grands « classiques » nelliganiens. À ce jour, nous en avons répertorié quatre versions espagnoles : une de Marco Antonio Campos (éditée d’abord en 1989, puis en 1999), une de Lorenza Fernández del Valle et Juan Carvajal (1996), une de Benjamín Valdivia (2002) et une dernière de Miguel Frontán (non datée, sur le Web). Curieusement, aucune d’entre elles ne reproduit, à première vue, le schéma métrique ou rimique du poème original. Pourtant, l’un des traducteurs prétend avoir apporté une grande attention à la « musique » des vers, quitte à en sacrifier le sens. Cette étude déterminera sous quel angle les traducteurs ont abordé l’aspect sonore du poème, en comparant les caractéristiques phoniques des retraductions et leurs effets en regard de la « trame sonore » originale.
In vitroactivities of antifungals alone and in combination with tigecycline againstCandida albicansbiofilms
Authors: Hacioglu Mayram , Birteksoz Tan Ayse Seher , Dosler Sibel , Inan Nese , Otuk Gulten 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundCandidamay form biofilms, which are thought to underlie the most recalcitrant infections.MethodsIn this study, activities of antifungal agents alone and in combination with tigecycline against planktonic cells and mature and developing biofilms ofCandida albicansisolates were evaluated.ResultsAmphotericin B and echinocandins were found to be the most effective agents against mature biofilms, whereas the least effective agent was fluconazole. Furthermore, the most effective anti-fungal monotherapies against biofilm formation were amphotericin B and anidulafungin, and the least effective monotherapy was itraconazole. The combination of tigecycline and amphotericin B yielded synergistic effects, whereas combinations containing itraconazole yielded antagonist effects against planktonic cells. The combination of tigecycline and caspofungin exhibited maximum efficacy against mature biofilms, whereas combinations containing itraconazole exhibited minimal effects. Combinations of tigecycline with amphotericin B or anidulafungin were highly effective againstC. albicansbiofilm formation.DiscussionIn summary, tigecycline was highly active againstC. albicansparticularly when combined with amphotericin B and echinocandins.
Development of a clinical skills remediation program for chiropractic students at a university
Authors: Lady Suzanne D. , Takaki Leslie A.K. 
Published: July 2018

Objective:An important goal of chiropractic educational institutions is to ensure that all graduates reach an acceptable level of clinical competency and thus institutions are equipped to offer traceable remediation when skills fall below certain benchmarks.Methods:Working with key individuals in the faculty, administration, and assessment department, a process of remediation was created and materials were produced that could be used by faculty and assessment staff to focus on a student's lack of knowledge, technique, or documentation in specific clinical skill areas. The primary goal was to create an individualized remediation plan that suits the specific needs of the student.Results:Utilization of the remediation center continues to increase. Referrals to the center for fiscal years 2015, 2016, and 2017 were 60, 125, and 126 students, respectively. Retesting rates after remediation continue to be high, with 98.3%, 95.2%, and 95.8% for fiscal years 2015, 2016, and 2017, respectively.Conclusion:We developed and implemented a chiropractic remediation program to satisfy the need for objectively identifying and remediating clinical skill deficiencies. This remediation program experienced an increase in use in its initial 3 years of operation, indicating more inclusion of the program across the departments, clinics, and assessment. The outcome of remediation is still not clear because there are no consistent assessment measures in place to determine pre- and postremediation student performance.
Risk Factors for Low Back Pain: A Population‐Based Longitudinal Study
Authors: Shiri Rahman , Falah‐Hassani Kobra , Heliövaara Markku , Solovieva Svetlana , Amiri Sohrab , Lallukka Tea , Burdorf Alex , Husgafvel‐Pursiainen Kirsti , Viikari‐Juntura Eira 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for low back pain (LBP) and lumbar radicular pain and to assess whether obesity and exposure to workload factors modify the effect of leisure‐time physical activity on LBP and lumbar radicular pain.MethodsThe population of this 11‐year longitudinal study consists of a nationally representative sample of Finns ages ≥30 years (n = 3,505). The outcomes of the study were LBP and lumbar radicular pain for >7 days or for >30 days in the past 12 months at follow‐up.ResultsLBP and lumbar radicular pain were more common in women than in men. LBP slightly declined with increasing age, while lumbar radicular pain increased with age. Abdominal obesity (defined by waist circumference) increased the risk of LBP (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.40 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.16–1.68] for LBP >7 days and adjusted OR 1.41 [95% CI 1.13–1.76] for LBP >30 days) and general obesity (defined by body mass index) increased the risk of lumbar radicular pain (adjusted OR 1.44 [95% CI 1.12–1.85] for pain >7 days and adjusted OR 1.62 [95% CI 1.16–2.26] for pain >30 days). Smoking and strenuous physical work increased the risk of both LBP and lumbar radicular pain. Walking or cycling to work reduced the risk of LBP, particularly LBP for >30 days (adjusted OR 0.75 [95% CI 0.59–0.95]), with the largest reductions among nonabdominally obese individuals and among those not exposed to physical workload factors. Using vibrating tools increased the risk of lumbar radicular pain.ConclusionLifestyle and physical workload factors increase the risk of LBP and lumbar radicular pain. Walking and cycling may have preventive potential for LBP.
Porous 3D Printed Scavenger Filters for Selective Recovery of Precious Metals from Electronic Waste
Authors: Lahtinen Elmeri , Hänninen Mikko M. , Kinnunen Kimmo , Tuononen Heikki M. , Väisänen Ari , Rissanen Kari , Haukka Matti 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSelective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printing is used to fabricate highly macroporous ion scavenger filters for recovery of Pd and Pt from electronic waste. The scavengers are printed by using a mixture of polypropylene with 10 wt% of type‐1 anion exchange resin. Porosities and the flow‐through properties of the filters are controlled by adjusting the SLS printing parameters. The cylinder‐shaped filters are used in selective recovery of Pd and Pt from acidic leachate of electronic waste simply by passing the solution through the object. Under such conditions, the scavenger filters are able to capture Pd and Pt as anionic complexes with high efficiency from a solution containing mixture of different metal ions. By using the Pd/Pt scavenger together with previously reported, highly selective nylon‐based Au scavenger, precious metals, i.e., Au, Pd, and Pt could all be recovered from the electronic waste leachate in a single flow‐through process. One of the main advantages of the printed scavengers is that all recovered metals can be easily extracted from the filters as separate fractions by using aqueous solutions of thiourea or diluted nitric acid. After removal of the captured metals, the scavengers are reusable without significant loss of their ion‐capturing performance.
Interfacial Defects Dictated In Situ Fabrication of Yolk–Shell Upconversion Nanoparticles by Electron‐Beam Irradiation
Authors: Xu Jin , Tu Datao , Zheng Wei , Shang Xiaoying , Huang Ping , Cheng Yao , Wang Yuansheng , Chen Xueyuan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHomogeneous core–shell structured nanoparticles (NPs) are prevailingly designed to accommodate lanthanide emitters, and such an epitaxial shell deposited on core NP is generally believed to help eliminate surface traps or defects on the as‐prepared core. However, upon electron‐beam irradiation to core–shell–shell NaLuF4:Gd/Yb/Er@NaLuF4:Nd/Yb@NaLuF4 upconversion NPs (UCNPs), it is revealed that interfacial defects actually exist at the core–shell and shell–shell interfaces, even with a higher density than the bulk‐phase defects in inner core. Because of such higher density of interfacial defects, the kinetic energies transferred from energetic electrons to atoms may trigger the faster Na/F atom ejections and outward atom migrations in the coating layers than in the inner core of NPs, which ultimately results in the in situ formation of novel yolk–shell UCNPs. These findings provide new insights into interfacial defects in homogeneous core–shell structured NaLnF4 NPs, and pave the way toward utilizing the interactions of high‐energy particles with materials for in situ fabrication of novel nanostructures.
Antipruritic effect of Neurotropin injection on moisturizer‐ and antihistamine‐resistant itch in patients with pruritus: A multicenter, open‐label, small sample study
Authors: Kaneko Sakae , Kohno Kunie , Honda Sakae , Tohgi Kimiko , Niihara Hiroyuki , Chinuki Yuko , Nakagawa Yusei , Mihara Yuko , Ota Masataka , Shiwaku Kuninori , Morita Eishin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPruritus is a condition in which itch occurs in the absence of apparent skin lesions. It is sometimes unresponsive to treatment with topical moisturizers and often is unresponsive to antihistamines. We evaluated the antipruritic effects of Neurotropin injections in patients with moisturizer‐ and antihistamine‐resistant pruritus. We monitored these patients by itch scores recorded in symptom diaries, as well as reports of quality of life (QOL). This study investigated both the efficacy and safety of Neurotropin injections using an open‐label study design. We enrolled 40 patients from six participating study sites. Of the 40 patients that were initially enrolled, six patients were ineligible, and ultimately, 33 were included for evaluation after one patient dropped out. Neurotropin was administered by subcutaneous injection to 22 patients and intravenous injection to 11 patients at a frequency of once per week. Compared to data collected during a one‐week observation period prior to treatment, after seven injections of Neurotropin, there was a significant improvement in the Shiratori symptom severity score and the visual analog scale (VAS) scores for itch symptoms, and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) for quality of life. No new adverse events occurred during the period of investigation. A notable benefit to Neurotropin is that it can be used in patients with renal impairment and patients receiving dialysis therapy. Our results demonstrated that Neurotropin is effective in the treatment of moisturizer‐ and antihistamine‐resistant pruritus.
Phosphor und Phosphatrecycling
Authors: Maurer Alexander , Lohmeier Reinhard , Fröhlich Peter , Frank Daniel , Gellermann Carsten , Bertau Martin 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungPhosphor stellt ein essentielles Spurenelement für alle lebenden Organismen dar. Aus diesem Grund beschäftigt sich der Artikel mit der Gewinnung, dem Nutzbarmachen sowie dem Recycling dieser für den Menschen lebensnotwendigen und nicht substituierbaren Ressource. Dabei werden die klassischen Herstellungsverfahren für elementaren Phosphor sowie Phosphorsäure vorgestellt. Das Hauptanwendungsfeld von Phosphor/Phosphaten im Bereich der Pflanzendüngung wird erläutert und auch die damit verbundenen Umweltprobleme diskutiert. Die Notwendigkeit eines Phosphatrecyclings wird anhand der lagerstättenkundlichen Eigenheiten der primären Phosphate abgeleitet und der aktuelle Stand in Deutschland im Überblick vorgestellt.
Isolation of Human Placental Mast Cells
Authors: Mezouar Soraya , Ben Amara Amira , Vitte Joana , Mege Jean‐Louis 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMast cells have been identified as resident cells of human placental tissue by immunohistological procedures, suggesting that they may play a role in pregnancy. However, the study of placental mast cells requires their isolation. Here, we describe a procedure to isolate placental mast cells from placenta of healthy women. At‐term placentas were recovered, and small pieces were excised. After extensive washing, they were digested using enzyme, and cell preparations were centrifuged on a Percoll density gradient. A double positive selection was then performed using magnetic beads covered with CD117 and IgE antibodies. The purity of isolated mast cells was finally analyzed by flow cytometry, and was nearly 90%, demonstrating that our protocol was convenient to obtain fresh placental mast cells in sufficient quantity for research investigations. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cytomegalovirus Infection: Mouse Model
Authors: Brizić Ilija , Lisnić Berislav , Brune Wolfram , Hengel Hartmut , Jonjić Stipan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis unit describes procedures for infecting newborn and adult mice with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). Methods are included for propagating MCMV in cell cultures and for preparing a more virulent form of MCMV from salivary glands of infected mice. A plaque assay is provided for determining MCMV titers of infected tissues or virus stocks. Also, a method is described for preparing the murine embryonic fibroblasts used for propagating MCMV and for the plaque assay. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Recent Developments in the Photo‐Mediated Generation of Silyl Radicals and Their Application in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Li Jie‐Sheng , Wu Jie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSilicon radicals play important roles in diverse areas of organic synthesis and material science. With the rapid development of photocatalysis over the past decades, photochemistry may potentially serve as an appealing approach for the generation of silyl radicals. This Minireview will focus on recent photo‐mediated generation of silyl radicals in the area of organic synthesis.