bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wie offen ist die bayerische Bevölkerung für Teledermatologie? Eine Querschnittsstudie in ländlichen und städtischen Regionen Bayerns
Authors: Schuster Barbara , Ziehfreund Stefanie , Tizek Linda , Krause Julia , Biedermann Tilo , Zink Alexander 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungZiel der Studie Die Teledermatologie bietet Potenziale, um die dermatologische Versorgung in ländlichen Regionen zu verbessern. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Nutzungsbereitschaft von Teledermatologie in der ländlichen Bevölkerung Bayerns zu erheben und Bedenken zu erfassen.Methodik Die Daten wurden im Rahmen einer Querschnittsstudie im Bayerischen Wald (Q1/2017) sowie einer Follow-up-Erhebung einer laufenden Kohortenstudie (Q1/2018) mithilfe standardisierter Papierfragebögen erhoben. Studienteilnehmer wurden gefragt, ob sie bereit wären, ihrem Dermatologen Fotos von „Hautausschlägen“ oder anderen Hautveränderungen über das Internet zu senden, und falls „nein“, warum nicht.Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden Daten von 1 116 Personen mit Wohnsitz in Bayern ausgewertet (Altersdurchschnitt 50,2 Jahren, 57,3% weiblich, 80,4% mit Wohnsitz in ländlichen Landkreisen). Die Bereitschaft zur Nutzung von Teledermatologie in der Gesamtstichprobe lag bei 36,6%. Frauen, ältere Studienteilnehmer und Studienteilnehmer, die in ländlichen Regionen lebten, waren weniger offen für die Nutzung von Teledermatologie. Die häufigsten Bedenken gegenüber Teledermatologie waren Unpersönlichkeit, Zweifel an der Qualität der medizinischen Leistung sowie Bedenken hinsichtlich des Datenschutzes und der Privatsphäre.Schlussfolgerung Die Bereitschaft zur Nutzung von Teledermatologie in den ländlichen Regionen Bayerns ist bisher eher gering. Damit die Teledermatologie ihre Potenziale zur Verbesserung der medizinischen Versorgung voll entfalten könnte, wäre eine umfangreiche Aufklärung der ländlichen Bevölkerung über Funktionsweisen und die Möglichkeiten der Teledermatologie sowie eine Sicherstellung des Datenschutzes unerlässlich.
Implementierung von ICF als Sprache und Struktur in die
Teambesprechung der muskulo-skelettalen Rehabilitation
Authors: Weichert Hilke , Hennecke Claudia , Keppeler Rolf , Glaesener Jean-Jacques 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Implementierung der Internationalen Klassifikation von
Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF) in das
rehabilitationsbezogene Denken und Handeln wird seitens der WHO vorgegeben. Die
Durchführung von multiprofessionellen Teambesprechungen im
zielorientierten Rehabilitationsprozess wird von Fachgesellschaften und
Leistungsträgern als strukturelles Qualitätsmerkmal gefordert.
Der Einsatz des vorgestellten Kommunikationsmodells zur Strukturierung des
rehabilitationsbezogenen Kommunikationsprozesses einer arbeitsbezogenen
muskulo-skelettalen Rehabilitation unter Einbeziehung der Ebenen und
Wechselwirkungen des der ICF zugrunde liegenden bio-psycho-sozialen Modells
setzt die Vorgabe der WHO um und erfüllt die durch Fachgesellschaften
und Leistungsträger geforderten Qualitätsmerkmale
rehabilitativer Maßnahmen. Sie dient darüber hinaus der
Effizienzsteigerung der rehabilitativen Maßnahme und Zufriedenheit im
Team.
A Case of Type I Debranching Complicated by Anastomotic Pseudoaneurysm: Do Not Ask Too Much of the Ascending Aorta
Authors: Carino Davide , Molardi Alberto , Gherli Tiziano , Nicolini Francesco , Agostinelli Andrea 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTreatment of aortic arch aneurysm with standard open surgery is technically demanding, and associated morbidity and mortality are not insignificant. In high-risk patients, hybrid procedures with debranching and reimplantation or bypass of the aortic arch vessel followed by thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in the aortic arch represent a valid alternative to open surgery. However, when the ascending aorta is mildly dilated, the risk of retrograde dissection increases sharply. Here, we report a case of thoracic aortic aneurysm, with normal ascending aorta diameter, treated with Type I debranching and anterograde TEVAR complicated by anastomotic pseudoaneurysm and acute endocarditis, treated ultimately with ascending aortic repair and aortic valve replacement.
Lactoferrin Supplementation to Prevent Late-Onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Razak Abdul , Hussain Asif 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the role of lactoferrin supplementation to prevent late-onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants.
Study Design Database search include PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane central for randomized clinical trial (RCTs). The Cochrane Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology was used for summarizing the results.
Results Ten RCTs involving 3,679 infants were included. Lactoferrin supplementation with or without probiotics decreased all LOS (relative risk [RR]: 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36–0.86; I
2 = 58%; 10 studies; 3,470 subjects; level of evidence [LOE]: low) significantly. Similarly, lactoferrin supplementation without probiotics decreased all LOS (RR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.29–0.62; I
2 = 0%; 8 studies; 1,209 subjects; LOE: moderate) significantly. Lactoferrin supplementation did not significantly reduce necrotizing enterocolitis (RR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.29–1.33; I
2 = 43%; 6 studies; 3,079 subjects; LOE: low), all-cause mortality (RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.36–1.53; I
2 = 53%; 8 studies; 3,395 subjects; LOE: very low), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (RR: 1; 95% CI: 0.90–1.13; I
2 = 0%; 4 studies; 2,570 subjects; LOE: moderate), and threshold retinopathy of prematurity eligible for surgical treatment (RR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.25–1.51; I
2 = 74%; 2 studies; 2,481 subjects; LOE: very low).
Conclusion Low to moderate quality evidence suggests that lactoferrin supplementation reduces LOS in preterm infants. Further research is needed to improve the certainty in the evidence.
Use of social media, search queries, and demographic data to assess obesity prevalence in the United States
Authors: Cesare Nina , Dwivedi Pallavi , Nguyen Quynh C. , Nsoesie Elaine O. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObesity is a global epidemic affecting millions. Implementation of interventions to curb obesity rates requires timely surveillance. In this study, we estimated sex-specific obesity prevalence using social media, search queries, demographics and built environment variables. We collected 3,817,125 and 1,382,284 geolocated tweets on food and exercise respectively, from Twitter’s streaming API from April 2015 to March 2016. We also obtained searches related to physical activity and diet from Google Search Trends for the same time period. Next, we inferred the gender of Twitter users using machine learning methods and applied mixed-effects state-level linear regression models to estimate obesity prevalence. We observed differences in discussions of physical activity and foods, with males reporting higher intensity physical activities and lower caloric foods across 40 and 48 states, respectively. In addition, counties with the highest percentage of exercise and food tweets had lower male and female obesity prevalence. Lastly, our models separately captured overall male and female spatial trends in obesity prevalence. The average correlation between actual and estimated obesity prevalence was 0.797(95% CI, 0.796, 0.798) and 0.830 (95% CI, 0.830, 0.831) for males and females, respectively. Social media can provide timely community-level data on health information seeking and changes in behaviors, sentiments and norms. Social media data can also be combined with other data types such as, demographics, built environment variables, diet and physical activity indicators from other digital sources (e.g., mobile applications and wearables) to monitor health behaviors at different geographic scales, and to supplement delayed estimates from traditional surveillance systems.
Ca2+-independent but voltage-dependent quantal catecholamine secretion (CiVDS) in the mammalian sympathetic nervous system
Authors: Huang Rong , Wang Yuan , Li Jie , Jiang Xiaohan , Li Yinglin , Liu Bing , Wu Xi , Du Xingyu , Hang Yuqi , Jin Mu , Zhu Feipeng , Wang Changhe , Chai Zuying , Zhou Zhuan 
Published: September 2019

SignificanceAction potential-mediated neurotransmission is essential in the nervous system. Ca2+is established for its key role in vesicular exocytosis. We previously reported a type of somatic exocytosis triggered by the action potential per se—Ca2+-independent but voltage-dependent secretion (CiVDS)—in primary sensory neurons and recently revealed its molecular mechanism. By using cutting-edge methods, here we show that CiVDS exists in the sympathetic nervous system and may play an important role in the cardiovascular system in mammalians, including rodents and humans. These findings generalize CiVDS from a sensory neuron to the sympathetic nervous system that projects to all essential organs.
Untapped capacity for resilience in environmental law
Authors: Garmestani Ahjond , Ruhl J. B. , Chaffin Brian C. , Craig Robin K. , van Rijswick Helena F. M. W. , Angeler David G. , Folke Carl , Gunderson Lance , Twidwell Dirac , Allen Craig R. 
Published: September 2019

Significance
International and national law have not stemmed the tide of rapidly accelerating environmental change. In response to this challenge, we highlight examples from the United States and the European Union of the untapped capacity of existing laws to enhance social-ecological resilience to these continual changes. The recommendations we advance regarding how to mine existing legal instruments to enhance resilience are agenda-setting, and they represent a far more feasible approach to addressing emerging environmental challenges than proposing politically untenable new laws or major amendments to existing laws. We show that governance can make substantial advances in addressing environmental change in the short term by exploiting those existing untapped capacities, and we offer principles and strategies to guide such initiatives.
Neuromuscular actuation of biohybrid motile bots
Authors: Aydin Onur , Zhang Xiaotian , Nuethong Sittinon , Pagan-Diaz Gelson J. , Bashir Rashid , Gazzola Mattia , Saif M. Taher A. 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Biohybrid machines have been developed using muscles to actuate soft robotic structures. We envision that the integration of neurons into the embodiment of such systems can transform them into intelligent machines which, for instance, could use sensory neurons to detect environmental cues then adaptively respond and orchestrate various motor patterns through their neural circuitry. However, achieving such sensory-motor modalities relies on the ability of neural units to command muscle activity, making actuation through motor neurons the first milestone. Here, we achieve this milestone and demonstrate neuromuscular actuation of a biohybrid swimmer. This paves the way for the development of biohybrid embodied platforms as models to gain deeper understanding of motor control, with potentially broad impact in robotics, bioengineering, and health.
Vapor deposition of a nonmesogen prepares highly structured organic glasses
Authors: Bishop Camille , Thelen Jacob L. , Gann Eliot , Toney Michael F. , Yu Lian , DeLongchamp Dean M. , Ediger M. D. 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Organic glasses are useful, versatile materials for current and future organic electronic technologies. They are nonequilibrium materials, so a single-component system can be processed in different ways to create a wide range of solids with diverse structural and optical properties. In this work, we use physical vapor deposition to prepare glasses with structure similar to that of an aligned smectic liquid crystal from a molecule that does not have any liquid crystal phases. This shows the potential to create highly structured glasses from a wide range of molecules.
Mechanical fatigue of human red blood cells
Authors: Qiang Yuhao , Liu Jia , Dao Ming , Suresh Subra , Du E. 
Published: September 2019

Significance
The mechanisms underlying degradation of biological cells due to mechanical fatigue are not well understood. Specifically, detrimental effects of fatigue on properties and homeostasis of human red blood cells (RBCs), as they repeatedly deform while traversing microvasculature, have remained largely unexplored. We present a general microfluidics method that incorporates amplitude-modulated electrodeformation to induce static and cyclic mechanical deformation of RBCs. Fatigue of RBCs leads to significantly greater loss of membrane deformability, compared to static deformation under the same maximum load and maximum-load duration. These findings establish unique effects of cyclic mechanical deformation on the properties and function of biological cells. Our work provides a means to assess the mechanical integrity and fatigue damage of RBCs in blood circulation.
Discordance between eNOS phosphorylation and activation revealed by multispectral imaging and chemogenetic methods
Authors: Eroglu Emrah , Saravi Seyed Soheil Saeedi , Sorrentino Andrea , Steinhorn Benjamin , Michel Thomas 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized by the endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in vascular endothelial cells. The high reactivity of NO undermines its accurate detection in living cells. The direct detection of the low physiological concentrations of NO that are present in endothelial cells represents a significant analytical challenge. In these studies, we have used powerful biosensors to measure NO and other key signaling molecules in living endothelial cells in real time using fluorescence microscopy. These approaches have provided insights into the mechanisms whereby NO synthesis is regulated and call into question many prior conclusions about the intracellular pathways that regulate eNOS.
Agency and technology-mediated task repetition with young learners
Authors: Pinter Annamaria 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper offers a review of the TBLT literature for young learners with an aim to identify some gaps where future research and classroom practice could be targeted. The specific focus of this review is on procedural task repetition for children, arguing that in addition to the linguistic benefits, task repetition is associated with important gains in the affective domain. It is suggested that technology-mediated task repetition, via tablet devices, can further enhance both opportunities for learning and confidence building and enjoyment. Due to the technological affordances, the learners are firmly in charge of creating dynamic, fluid tasks through cycles of reflection and practice, polishing their performance along the way, stretching towards their ‘upper potential’. To date research within TBLT with children has not explored yet what types of tasks children enjoy working with and why and how task repetition is realised when using tablet devices to record their own performances. This paper suggests steps that can be taken in this direction both in research and classroom practice.
Disambiguating recasts with prosodic and extra-linguistic cues in task-based interactions among young
learners
Authors: Kong Amy , Bui Gavin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the relative effects of enhanced and unenhanced recasts on young learners’ question
development in L2 English, examining whether enhanced recasts can contribute to disambiguation. Forty-six Secondary One students
in Hong Kong were evenly divided into an enhanced recast group and an unenhanced recast group. Each participant participated in a
pretest, followed by three treatment sessions in three consecutive weeks. Participants in the enhanced recast group received
enhanced recasts with prosodic (tonal stress) and extra-linguistic (gestures and facial expressions) cues from the teacher,
whereas those in the unenhanced recast group received normal recasts when they made mistakes when asking questions. After that, an
immediate post-test and a two-week delayed post-test were carried out to examine participants’ progress in L2 question formation.
The results of the immediate post-test showed that both types of recasts contributed to L2 advancement, but the effects of
enhanced recasts were relatively strong as compared with unenhanced recasts. Both groups performed significantly better in the delayed post-test than in the
pretest, indicating the robust effects of recasts (enhanced or unenhanced) on learning L2 question formation. However, the
differences between the two groups were significantly reduced in the delayed post-test. In addition, the enhanced group scored
significantly lower in the delayed post-test than in the immediate post-test, suggesting a greater degenerating effect of enhanced
recasts than unenhanced recasts.
‘It’s like having a test but in a fun way’
Authors: Courtney Louise , Graham Suzanne 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Assessment is a central challenge within classroom-based early language learning, where there is a need to employ
assessment methods which, as well as being valid and reliable for a range of learners, protect rather than diminish motivation.
The motivational properties of digital or serious games within language learning are increasingly recognised in the literature,
yet the value of digital game-based assessment (DGBA) remains underexplored. This study used a questionnaire to examine how 3437
young language learners of English, Spanish, German, Italian and French perceived a DGBA tool and the extent to which their
perceptions were modulated by age, gender and performance levels on the game.
Learners perceived the DGBA tool as fun to play, worth playing again, helpful for telling them about their
progress and of moderate difficulty level. Girls were more positive than boys about the game but for all learners levels of
positivity were not related to age. There was a significant but weak relationship between positivity and game scores, suggesting
that learners liked the game regardless of their attainment levels. The study’s findings are discussed in relation to theories of
motivation associated with digital game-based tools and their practical implications for the teaching of early language
learners.
16 An Analysis of the Impact of Establishing an Ambulatory Stroke Team
Authors: Menagh Colin , Wilson David , Dynan Kevin , Power Michael , Hull Karen , McCallion Charlotte , Matthews Maureen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
The South Eastern Trust established an Ambulatory Stroke Team (AST) in October 2017. This consisted of Stroke Nurses and a Specialty doctor with Stroke consultant support. During the initial pilot the AST team worked Monday – Friday 9-5pm. The majority of assessments took place in the emergency department. The overall aims were to improve length of stay for TIAs / stroke mimics and improve the percentage of strokes being admitted directly to the Stroke Unit.

Methods
Using quality improvement methodology we worked through several Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) cycles. The most significant intervention was the introduction of a protected direct to stroke unit bed. A database was kept of all patients seen, including final diagnoses and patients discharged after assessment, preventing admission and saving bed days.

Results
A 6 month period was analysed from April to September 2018. 312 patients were reviewed - 159 (51%) stroke mimics, 108 (35%) strokes and 45 (14%) TIAs. 54 patients were identified for early discharge and appropriate follow-up. Bed days saved was estimated at 110 days. Direct to stroke unit percentage improved from 30% in October 2017 when the AST was introduced to 82% in January 2019.

Conclusion
A dedicated Ambulatory Stroke Team can prevent hospital admissions and save bed days due to rapid identification and specialist assessment of suspected TIAs and strokes. Multidisciplinary team working as part of a quality improvement project can improve the percentage of strokes admitted directly to the stroke unit.
38 Patient and Environmental Factors Influencing Recognition, Response Time, and Treatment of In-Hospital Stroke
Authors: Mello Sarah , Cogan Nicola , Greene Suzanne , Collins Ronan , Ryan Dan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Approximately one in ten strokes occur in hospital whilst the patient is hospitalised for another reason. Existing research suggests that delays in recognition of in-hospital stroke (IHS) result in poorer outcomes compared to those with community-onset stroke. We aim to describe the characteristics of an IHS population and to phenotype the patient and/or environmental factors most likely to account for delays in recognition and response times.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with having an ischemic stroke while admitted to hospital for a non-stroke reason were identified through our hospital's stroke registry. We collected patient demographics along with the ward and service they were admitted under and if they underwent any invasive procedures prior to the stroke event. The patient cohort was dichotomised based on patient specific or environmental factors. We then calculated the likelihood of symptom recognition, medical review, and neuroimaging occurring within the 4.5 hour thrombolysis window between the two groups using the chi squared test.

Results
Fifty IHS occurred in the study time period. 52% were male, average age 74 (SD 12.7 years). 34 (68%) were admitted medically, and 16 (32%) surgically. 27 (54%) were assessed within the time frame for thrombolysis. Of these, seven received acute stroke treatment and the remaining 19 had contraindications to treatment. Patients presenting with collapse (67% vs 4%, p=0.011), limb weakness (85% vs 52%, p=0.011) or aphasia (63% vs 9%, p=0.019) were more likely to be recognised. Patients whose symptoms were recognised by a non-staff member (52% vs 78%, p=0.026) and those presenting out of hours (56% vs 70%, p=0.047) or with delirium (85% vs 39%, 0.051) were more likely to be missed.

Conclusion
In-hospital strokes are frequently missed due to the complexities of the patients involved. Education programs targeted at enhancing stroke pickup among hospital staff could potentially decrease delays and improve patient outcomes.