bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Final orientation for new graduates on the highest attainable standard of health
Authors: Plianbangchang Samlee 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of taking responsibility for our own self-care as fundamental to achieving optimum healthcare at all levels: family, community and country. However, for self-care to work at its best, the support of the government and the national medical and public health workforce are required in addition to increased facilities that ensure the development and long-term maintenance of a person’s health status. Moreover, inter-disciplinary government policy, strategy and resource support should be placed as a central part of the national healthcare development system.

Design/methodology/approach
It is a commentary piece of work from own long experience in working with the World Health Organization.

Findings
The value of self-care and individual responsibility in achieving one’s own good health ultimately results in improved national and global health standards.

Originality/value
This commentary explores the ideas and concepts on ways and means of leading people to think and act toward achieving their own optimum health in order to lead a socially and economically productive life and ultimately achieve “the highest attainable standard of health,” a WHO objective.
The acceptance of halal food in non-Muslim countries
Authors: Wilkins Stephen , Butt Muhammad Mohsin , Shams Farshid , Pérez Andrea 
Published: April 2019

PurposeInternational restaurant and fast food chains such as KFC, McDonald’s and Subway currently serve halal food in some non-Muslim countries, with mixed results. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that most influence the product judgements of halal food amongst non-Muslim consumers in non-Muslim countries and to assess the extent to which these judgements are related to willingness to consume halal food.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative survey method was adopted, using a total sample of 1,100 consumers in Canada, Spain and the UK. The proposed model was tested using structural equation modelling.FindingsThe results suggest that it may be possible for firms to satisfy specific niche market segments with standardised mass market products. Consumer cosmopolitanism and non-Muslim religious identity were found to be positively related to halal product judgement, and consumer ethnocentrism and national identification were negatively related to halal product judgement. There was a strong relationship between product judgement and willingness to consume halal food.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate that halal marketing may provide promising business opportunities for international restaurant and fast food chains, as well as food manufacturers and retailers. However, in countries or regions where there are many consumers with high levels of national identification or consumer ethnocentrism, firms should not expect non-target consumers to accept halal products.Originality/valueThis is the first study to suggest that, in non-Muslim countries, food companies may switch entirely to halal produce for certain products as an effective market segmentation strategy targeting Muslim consumers.
Humility as enlightened leadership: a Chinese perspective
Authors: Xu Feng , Xu Benhua , Anderson Verl , Caldwell Cam 
Published: April 2019

PurposeHumility as an important factor for leaders was identified by Collins (2001) and his colleagues in an extensive research project about the leadership qualities of the leaders of companies that transitioned from “good” to “great.” This paper is an empirical study of six factors closely associated with humility and leadership and the purpose of this paper is to identify how Chinese business students and Chinese employees perceive the importance of six factors associated with humility as enlightened leadership.Design/methodology/approachThis paper summarizes recent research about humility and leadership and suggests seven hypotheses about the importance of six factors associated with humility as enlightened leadership.FindingsThis study confirms that Chinese respondents affirmed the value of all six factors and identified the statistical significance of three of the factors studied.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation of this study is that it is exploratory in nature and contained many factors that made conducting factor analysis indeterminable. The practical implications of this study are that it provides confirming information about understanding the value system and priorities of Chinese employees and future workers when multi-national companies interact with Chinese partners.Originality/valueThis study provides valuable information about the six factors associated with humility as enlightened leadership. This study is the first of its kind that empirically tests Chinese attitudes associated with humility and leadership.
The role of melatonin supplement in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Bahrami Mina , Cheraghpour Makan , Jafarirad Sima , Alavinejad Pejman , Cheraghian Bahman 
Published: April 2019

PurposeMetabolic syndrome contains metabolic disorders that have association with other chronic diseases. Melatonin is a bioactive compound which is found in plants and also produced in the body. The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of melatonin supplement on metabolic syndrome components, also leptin and adiponectin blood concentrations in patients with metabolic syndrome.Design/methodology/approachA double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 70 subjects with metabolic syndrome. Participants received 6 mg/day melatonin or placebo before bedtime for 12 weeks. At the beginning and end of treatment period, blood samples were collected and biochemical parameters were measured. In addition, blood pressure and anthropometric indices were examined before and after the supplementation. Independent samplet-test was used to compare changes in metabolic syndrome components between the two study groups.FindingsResults showed a significant reduction in waist circumference (−1.54 vs −0.04 cm;p= 0.036), systolic blood pressure (−3.52 vs 0.79 mmHg;p= 0.020), diastolic blood pressure (−1.50 vs 1.73 mmHg;p= 0.014), serum leptin concentration (−2.54 vs 0.27ng/ml;p= 0.041) and an elevation in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.19 vs −0.79 mg/dl;p= 0.038) in the melatonin group compared to the placebo.Research limitations/implicationsIf insulin concentration had been measured, it might have revealed better interpretation of melatonin effect on fasting blood glucose.Originality/valueThis study showed that melatonin as a nutritional supplement improved most metabolic syndrome components and concentration of leptin in the melatonin group compared to the placebo.
Respective influence of current alcohol consumption and duration of heavy drinking on brain morphological alterations in alcohol use disorder
Authors: Rolland Benjamin , Dricot Laurence , Creupelandt Coralie , Maurage Pierre , De Timary Philippe 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNumerous studies have explored the morphological differences of the brain between subjects with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and control subjects, but very few have investigated the impact of the duration of alcohol use disorder (DAD) and current level of alcohol consumption (CAC) within AUD subjects using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We compared the morphological MRI of 44 controls and 66 AUD subjects, recruited at the end of a detoxification program. Additional analyses within the AUD group determined which specific alterations were respectively associated with DAD and CAC using: (1) Bonferroni‐corrected multivariable linear regressions to explore the DAD/CAC impact on brain volumes and (2) a general linear model (GLM module of FreeSurfer's Qdec) and Monte Carlo simulation to correct for multiple comparisons (P < 0.05) to explore the DAD/CAC impact on cortical thickness and volumes. Analyses were adjusted for age and tobacco use. CAC and DAD were significantly correlated (ρ = 0.25, P < 0.0001), and sensitivity analyses were conducted with and without both CAC and DAD included in the same model. While the AUD‐control comparisons globally reproduced preexisting findings, within‐AUD analyses found that CAC was inversely correlated with cortical thickness and gray matter volume in a bilateral dorsal band of the temporal lobe, including the fusiform and parahippocampal gyri. For DAD, only a left and more ventral temporal band that partially overlapped the CAC‐associated area was found in cortical thickness analyses. No significant volumetric result was reached after a Bonferroni correction. CAC and, to a lesser extent, DAD were thus associated with specific, though partially overlapping, temporal surface‐based signatures.
Association of MIR146A rs2910164 variation with a predisposition to sporadic breast cancer in a Pakistani cohort
Authors: Ahmad Mushtaq , Ahmad Sadia , Rahman Bashir , Haq Taqweem Ul , Jalil Fazal , Shah Aftab Ali 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSingle‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes coding for microRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in the progression of breast cancer (BC). We investigated the association of miR‐146a rs2910164 GC polymorphism with the risk of BC in the Pakistani population. The miR‐146a rs2910164 polymorphism was genotyped in 300 BC cases and 300 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls using T‐ARMS‐PCR. Genotype and allele frequencies were calculated and the association between genotypes and the risk of BC was calculated by odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (95%). A significant difference in genotypic frequencies (χ2 = 63.10; P = <0.0001) and allelic frequencies (OR = 0.3955 (0.3132–0.4993); P = < 0.0001) was observed between cases and controls. Furthermore, we also found that miR‐146 rs2910164 CC homozygote increased the risk of BC in the dominant (OR = 0.2397 (0.1629–0.3526); P = 0.0001; GG vs. GC + CC) and recessive (OR = 2.803 (1.865–4.213); P = <0.0001; CC vs. GC + GG) inheritance models. In summary, miR‐146a rs2910164 GC is significantly associated with BC in the Pakistani population. To our knowledge, this is the first study that assessed MIR146a rs2910164 G > C SNP in Pakistani population. By analyzing the secondary structure of MIR146A variant, a significant structural modification was noted. Study with a larger sample size is needed to further confirm of these findings.
Neither species geographic range size, climatic envelope, nor intraspecific leaf trait variability capture habitat specialization in a hyperdiverse Amazonian forest
Authors: Fortunel Claire , McFadden Ian R. , Valencia Renato , Kraft Nathan J. B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMany plant species exhibit strong association with topographic habitats at local scales. However, the historical biogeographic and physiological drivers of habitat specialization are still poorly understood, and there is a need for relatively easy‐to‐measure predictors of species habitat niche breadth. Here, we explore whether species geographic range, climatic envelope, or intraspecific variability in leaf traits is related to the degree of habitat specialization in a hyperdiverse tropical tree community in Amazonian Ecuador. Contrary to our expectations, we find no effect of the size of species geographic ranges, the diversity of climate a species experiences across its range, or intraspecific variability in leaf traits in predicting topographic habitat association in the ~300 most common tropical tree species in a 25‐ha tropical forest plot. In addition, there was no phylogenetic signal to habitat specialization. We conclude that species geographic range size, climatic niche breadth, and intraspecific variability in leaf traits fail to capture the habitat specialization patterns observed in this highly diverse tropical forest.
Adaptation to seasonal drought in two closely related species of Neotropical Costus (Costaceae)
Authors: Chen Grace F. , Schemske Douglas W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSeasonal drought has been shown to greatly influence the distributions and species composition of plants in tropical rain forests. By conducting a series of field, greenhouse, and growth chamber experiments, we examined how Costus villosissimus, a forest edge species, has adapted to drought and differentiated from C. allenii, its closely related species in the understory. We hypothesize that delayed seed germination and high drought tolerance may lead to habitat differentiation and thus reproductive isolation between closely related plant species in the tropics.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Novel multi-component vaccine approaches for Burkholderia pseudomallei
Authors: Morici L , Torres A G , Titball R W 
Published: April 2019

Summary
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. Historically believed to be a relatively rare human disease in tropical countries, a recent study estimated that, worldwide, there are approximately 165 000 human melioidosis cases per year, more than half of whom die. The bacterium is inherently resistant to many antibiotics and treatment of the disease is often protracted and ineffective. There is no licensed vaccine against melioidosis, but a vaccine is predicted to be of value if used in high-risk populations. There has been progress over the last decade in the pursuit of an effective vaccine against melioidosis. Animal models of disease including mouse and non-human primates have been developed, and these models show that antibody responses play a key role in protection against melioidosis. Surprisingly, although B. pseudomallei is an intracellular pathogen there is limited evidence that CD8+ T cells play a role in protection. It is evident that a multi-component vaccine, incorporating one or more protective antigens, will probably be essential for protection because of the pathogen's sophisticated virulence mechanisms as well as strain heterogeneity. Multi-component vaccines in development include glycoconjugates, multivalent subunit preparations, outer membrane vesicles and other nano/microparticle platforms and live-attenuated or inactivated bacteria. A consistent finding with vaccine candidates tested in mice is the ability to induce sterilizing immunity at low challenge doses and extended time to death at higher challenge doses. Further research to identify ways of eliciting more potent immune responses might provide a path for licensing an effective vaccine.
Preoperative bowel stimulation prior to ileostomy closure to restore bowel function more quickly and improve postoperative outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Rombey T. , Panagiotopoulou I. G. , Hind D. , Fearnhead N. S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimClosure of a diverting ileostomy following restorative surgery is often associated with significant short‐term morbidity and variable long‐term bowel function. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate if preoperative stimulation of the defunctioned bowel restores bowel function more quickly after ileostomy closure and improves postoperative outcomes when compared with standard preoperative care.MethodMEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for studies evaluating preoperative bowel stimulation in patients with a temporary ileostomy after low anterior resection or ileal pouch–anal anastomosis, regardless of their design, publication type or language. Study selection, data extraction and study assessment were performed by one reviewer and verified by another. Study results were synthesized narratively. The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of evidence.ResultsEight studies involving a total of 267 participants were included. The studies had a moderate to high risk of bias and were of varying methodological quality. Preoperative stimulation of the defunctioned bowel reduced the time to postoperative restoration of bowel function and the length of hospital stay when compared with standard preoperative care. Other functional outcomes and postoperative complication rates were similar to those of standard preoperative care. The overall quality of evidence was very low.ConclusionDespite these promising early results, there is insufficient high‐quality evidence to recommend routine implementation of preoperative bowel stimulation in clinical practice. Nevertheless, there is no evidence suggesting that the intervention worsens outcomes or is unsafe, paving the way for rigorous assessment of effectiveness, acceptability and cost‐effectiveness within the context of well‐designed clinical trials.
Effects of exercise‐induced dyspnoea on the aspiration rate among patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Liu Ni , Li Youxia , Chen Ping , Wu Zhida , Hou Peng , Zheng Zeguang , Chen Rongchang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurposeTo use radionuclide imaging to investigate silent aspiration among patients recovering from an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). We also evaluated the effects of exercise‐induced dyspnoea on silent aspiration in COPD patients.Patients and methodsRecovering AECOPD patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between December 2013 and December 2015 were selected for the radionuclide aspiration test along with healthy volunteers of similar age. Aspiration‐negative AECOPD patients were randomized into two subgroups. Patients in group A performed symptom‐limited incremental cycle exercise test. Patients in group B were resting on the exercise bicycles. Aspiration‐negative healthy volunteers performed symptom‐limited incremental cycle exercise test (group C). Three groups performed a radionuclide aspiration test 30 min after exercise.ResultsThe silent aspiration rates among recovering AECOPD patients and healthy volunteers were 44.19% (57/129) and 0 (0/18) (P = 0.00). The aspiration rates in groups A and B were 33.33% (10/30) and 23.33% (7/30), (P = 0.39) and groups A and C were 33.33% (10/30) and 0% (0/12), (P = 0.04).ConclusionRecovering AECOPD patients had significantly higher silent aspiration rates than healthy volunteers of similar age. The evidence is not strong enough to support the patients with exercise‐induced dyspnoea‐increased aspiration rate.
Physical activity in young children at risk for developmental coordination disorder
Authors: King‐Dowling Sara , Kwan Matthew Y W , Rodriguez Christine , Missiuna Cheryl , Timmons Brian W , Cairney John 
Published: April 2019

AimTo examine cross‐sectional differences in patterns of daily physical activity accumulation between preschool children at risk for developmental coordination disorder (DCD) compared to typically developing children.MethodIn total, 514 children (292 males, 222 females; 4–5y) were recruited as part of the Coordination and Activity Tracking in CHildren (CATCH) study. Motor competence was assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition; children scoring ≤5th centile comprised the probable DCD group (pDCD, n=87), between the 6th and 16th centile were considered to be at risk for DCD (rDCD, n=149), and >16th centile were considered typically developing (n=278). Seven‐day physical activity was measured using hip‐worn accelerometers. Average daily intensity of activity, frequency, and duration of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) bouts, and triaxial activity counts per minute were determined.ResultsNo differences in daily activity in any intensity or axis of movement were found among the three groups. However, young children with pDCD accumulated their MVPA in slightly shorter bouts compared to typically developing children.InterpretationYoung children at risk for DCD are not yet in an activity deficit. This may be because of the low motor skill demands of play in this age group. Early motor interventions may be able to promote continued physical activity participation in children with DCD.What this paper adds

Preschool children at risk for developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are not less active than their peers.

Overall intensity and frequency of daily activity bouts are similar among motor groups.

Children with probable DCD accumulate their activity in shorter bouts.
Knowledge of orthodontic treatment approach of traumatized teeth by a group of Belgian general dentists, pediatric dentists, and orthodontists
Authors: Van Gorp Gertrude , Bormans Naomi , Vanham Ingrid , Willems Guy , Declerck Dominique 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground/AimTraumatized teeth are more susceptible to complications during orthodontic tooth movement. The aim of this study was to explore current practices among Belgian dental practitioners regarding orthodontic treatment of children with a history of dental trauma.Material and MethodsA questionnaire survey was organized among general dentists, pediatric dentists, and orthodontists in Flanders (Belgium). Questionnaires were distributed at the occasions of annual meetings or symposia. They consisted of questions regarding exposure to dental trauma and orthodontic treatment approach for patients with a dental trauma history.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 121 general dentists, 47 pediatric dentists, and 99 orthodontists. A history of dental trauma influenced referral for orthodontic treatment by general dentists and pediatric dentists moderately (median VAS scores of 5 and 6, respectively, on a scale of 0 (not at all) to 10 (utmost)), indicating uncertainty and doubt. Additional checkups during tooth movement were usually not organized by general dentists in 33.6% and by pediatric dentists in 19.1% of cases (P = 0.006). One‐third of the orthodontists (33.3%) experienced tooth loss linked to orthodontic movement of a tooth with dental trauma history in at least one patient. Only a minority of the practitioners knew of the existence of specific guidelines (7.6%, 15.6% and 22.7%, respectively, of general dentists, pediatric dentists, and orthodontists) (P = 0.007). The Dental Trauma Guide was the guideline mentioned most frequently, although this tool does not contain recommendations regarding orthodontic treatment after trauma.ConclusionIn the group of Belgian general dental, pediatric and orthodontists surveyed, there was uncertainty regarding the orthodontic management of patients with a history of dental trauma especially among general practitioners. Further educational training is recommended.
In search of good citizenship education: A normative analysis of the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS)
Authors: Joris Margot , Agirdag Orhan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the last two decades, calls to place citizenship education (CE) at the top of national and European educational policy and research agendas have been gaining in prominence. Large‐scale comparative studies, such as the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS), are often considered the main evidence base for setting these agendas and improving CE policies and practices. This article therefore considers the ICCS study as an inherent part of the process of translating general, educational aims into curricular policies and practices of CE. However, while critical voices about comparative educational studies have become paramount, a detailed analysis of their contents, of what and how they measure and what they promote as the aims of education is often lacking. This article aims to fill this gap by analysing the main research documents, design and items of the 2009 ICCS study. To find out what ICCS promotes as the goals of citizenship education, we examined its normative assumptions in terms of qualification, socialisation and/or subjectification. Our analysis shows that the qualification and socialisation functions are dominantly validated in all aspects of the study, whilst there is only marginal attention to subjectification. This implies that ICCS misses an important potential to document and/or promote pupils becoming autonomous and critical democratic citizens, whilst this is often considered a central aim of citizenship education by policymakers, practitioners and teachers.