bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genealogical Traces of Populism and Multiple Typologies of Populist Orientation in South Korea
Authors: Han Sang-Jin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper is aimed at two goals. The first is to outline major genealogical traces of populism in South Korea. The second is to develop multiple typologies of populist citizens. The first is speculative and comprehensive, while the latter is analytic and empirical. The major findings of the empirical analysis show significant attitudinal differences 1) between two groups of citizens: populist and conventionalist; 2) between two groups within populism, that is, power-oriented and public-oriented populist citizens; 3) between the neo-liberal populist and the welfare populist; and finally, 4) between the candlelight populist and the national flag populist. It is also found 5) that the multiple typologies of populist orientations are closely interrelated to merge into two distinct streams: one is conservative and the other is progressive. These findings yield many political implications that require further research and reflection.
Introducing Youth and Globalization and the Special Issue: The Rise and Fall of Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Cicchelli Vincenzo , Octobre Sylvie 
Published: May 2019

Youth and Globalization is an academic forum for discussion and exchanges, a space for intellectual creativity on all questions relating to youth in a globalizing world. Its aim is to provide an innovative understanding of youth studies in a global context based on multiscalar, multilevel, multisite, and multidisciplinary approaches. Young people both are affected by and are the actors of the globalization of everyday life. Drawing on both theoretical and empirical research, the journal explores how young people relate to globality and its outcomes.
To open this discussion, the Journal starts with an issue devoted to understanding the global generation through the lenses of the cosmopolitan approach. It discusses four major criticisms and provides a counter position to. In the first case, cosmopolitanism is too often considered as a natural consequence of globalization, while in the second as being too ethnocentric. In the third case, cosmopolitanism has been assimilated to the ideology of contemporary global capitalism and in the fourth case it is mocked as a mere utopia. The papers gathered here investigate values, norms, behaviors and practices related to esthetic, cultural, ethic and political cosmopolitanisms.
Uncovering the Forced Climate Response from a Single Ensemble Member Using Statistical Learning
Authors: Sippel Sebastian , Meinshausen Nicolai , Merrifield Anna , Lehner Flavio , Pendergrass Angeline G. , Fischer Erich , Knutti Reto 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInternal atmospheric variability fundamentally limits predictability of climate and obscures evidence of anthropogenic climate change regionally and on time scales of up to a few decades. Dynamical adjustment techniques estimate and subsequently remove the influence of atmospheric circulation variability on temperature or precipitation. The residual component is expected to contain the thermodynamical signal of the externally forced response but with less circulation-induced noise. Existing techniques have led to important insights into recent trends in regional (hydro-) climate and their drivers, but the variance explained by circulation is often low. Here, we develop a novel dynamical adjustment technique by implementing principles from statistical learning. We demonstrate in an ensemble of Community Earth System Model (CESM) simulations that statistical learning methods, such as regularized linear models, establish a clearer relationship between circulation variability and atmospheric target variables, and need relatively short periods of record for training (around 30 years). The method accounts for, on average, 83% and 78% of European monthly winter temperature and precipitation variability at gridcell level, and around 80% of global mean temperature and hemispheric precipitation variability. We show that the residuals retain forced thermodynamical contributions to temperature and precipitation variability. Accurate estimates of the total forced response can thus be recovered assuming that forced circulation changes are gradual over time. Overall, forced climate response estimates can be extracted at regional or global scales from approximately 3–5 times fewer ensemble members, or even a single realization, using statistical learning techniques. We anticipate the technique will contribute to reducing uncertainties around internal variability and facilitating climate change detection and attribution.
Flash Flooding in Arid/Semiarid Regions: Climatological Analyses of Flood-Producing Storms in Central Arizona during the North American Monsoon
Authors: Yang Long , Smith James , Baeck Mary Lynn , Morin Efrat 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Flash flooding in the arid/semiarid southwestern United States is frequently associated with convective rainfall during the North American monsoon. In this study, we examine flood-producing storms in central Arizona based on analyses of dense rain gauge observations and stream gauging records as well as North American Regional Reanalysis fields. Our storm catalog consists of 102 storm events during the period of 1988–2014. Synoptic conditions for flood-producing storms are characterized based on principal component analyses. Four dominant synoptic modes are identified, with the first two modes explaining approximately 50% of the variance of the 500-hPa geopotential height. The transitional synoptic pattern from the North American monsoon regime to midlatitude systems is a critical large-scale feature for extreme rainfall and flooding in central Arizona. Contrasting spatial rainfall organizations and storm environment under the four synoptic modes highlights the role of interactions among synoptic conditions, mesoscale processes, and complex terrains in determining space–time variability of convective activities and flash flood hazards in central Arizona. We characterize structure and evolution properties of flood-producing storms based on storm tracking algorithms and 3D radar reflectivity. Fast-moving storm elements can be important ingredients for flash floods in the arid/semiarid southwestern United States. Contrasting storm properties for cloudburst storms highlight the wide spectrum of convective intensities for extreme rain rates in the arid/semiarid southwestern United States and exhibit comparable vertical structures to their counterparts in the eastern United States.
Is It Possible to Promote Egg Consumption During Pregnancy? Findings From a Study on Knowledge, Perceptions, and Practices in Kenya
Authors: Schnefke Courtney H. , Lutter Chessa K. , Thuita Faith , Webale Albert , Flax Valerie L. , Bentley Margaret E. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Eggs are nutrient rich and have the potential to improve maternal nutrition during pregnancy and birth outcomes, but cultural beliefs may inhibit consumption during pregnancy. Objective: To understand knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, practices, facilitators, and barriers related to consuming eggs during pregnancy in Kenya. Methods: The study had 3 phases. Phase I included in-depth interviews and free-listing and pile-sorting exercises with pregnant women (n = 36), husbands (n = 12), and mothers-in-law (n = 12) of pregnant women, and health providers (n = 24). Phase II involved egg preparation exercises with pregnant women (n = 39). Phase III involved a weeklong trial of egg consumption with pregnant women (n = 24). We used thematic content analysis methods to analyze qualitative data and tabulated quantitative data. Results: All participants recognized eggs as nutritious for pregnant women; 25% of pregnant women consumed eggs the previous day. However, participants believed eating too many eggs during pregnancy (1 or more eggs daily) leads to a large baby and delivery complications. Unaffordability and unavailability also inhibit consumption. Health workers are the most trusted source of information on maternal nutrition. Almost all women complied with the household trial, said they would continue eating eggs and would recommend eggs to other pregnant women in moderation. Conclusions: Although participants believed consuming eggs during pregnancy is beneficial, cultural norms, practices, and beliefs may prevent pregnant women from eating them daily. Interpersonal communication from health workers and agricultural policies to promote affordability could lead to increased consumption.
Influence of time and phenotype on salivary Fel d1 in domestic shorthair cats
Authors: Bastien Berenice Camille , Gardner Cari , Satyaraj Ebenezer 
Published: May 2019

Objectives Fel d1 is a major allergen that may affect humans sensitive to cat allergens, and it can be detected in the saliva and on the hair of cats. We studied the variability of salivary Fel d1 in typical house cats (ie, neutered domestic shorthair cats) and the factors that could be associated with that variability. Methods Saliva samples were collected from 64 cats, twice daily, every other day, for a year, at two locations (Missouri, USA, and Ontario, Canada). Salivary Fel d1 levels were measured using an immunoassay. Correlations and linear mixed-effects model analyses were run to assess which factors significantly affected the Fel d1 levels. Results Salivary Fel d1 levels varied significantly both within and among cats. Cat averages over the year ranged from 0.4–35 µg/ml, and a higher average correlated with a higher SD ( P <0.001). The first collection of the day tended to be higher than the afternoon collection ( P <0.001). Sex, coat color or body size did not relate to cats’ average Fel d1 production, but older cats tended to have lower salivary Fel d1 levels ( P <0.001). Fel d1 levels from four samples were reliable in identifying cats producing stable low levels of Fel d1. Conclusions and relevance We observed a wide and continuous range of salivary Fel d1 production in domestic shorthair cats. In particular, a subset of cats had stable low levels throughout the course of the year, and they can be identified by analyzing a few saliva samples rather than their physical appearance.
Active vibration control of a horizontal flexible plate structure using intelligent proportional–integral–derivative controller tuned by fuzzy logic and artificial bee colony algorithm
Authors: Hadi M Sukri , Darus Intan Z Mat , Tokhi M Osman , Jamid Mohd Fairus 
Published: May 2019

This paper presents the development of an intelligent controller for vibration suppression of a horizontal flexible plate structure using hybrid Fuzzy–proportional–integral–derivative controller tuned by Ziegler–Nichols tuning rules and intelligent proportional–integral–derivative controller tuned by artificial bee colony algorithm. Active vibration control technique was implemented during the development of the controllers. The vibration data obtained through experimental rig was used to model the system using system identification technique based on auto-regressive with exogenous input model. Next, the developed model was used in the development of an active vibration control for vibration suppression of the horizontal flexible plate system using proportional–integral–derivative controller. Two types of controllers were proposed in this paper which are the hybrid Fuzzy–proportional–integral–derivative controller and intelligent proportional–integral–derivative controller tuned by artificial bee colony algorithm. The performances of the developed controllers were assessed and validated. Proportional–integral–derivative–artificial bee colony controller achieved the highest attenuation for first mode of vibration with 47.54 dB attenuation as compared to Fuzzy–proportional–integral–derivative controller with 32.04 dB attenuation. The experimental work was then conducted for the best controller to confirm the result achieved in the simulation work.
Snoring and nocturnal reflux: association with lung function decline and respiratory symptoms
Authors: Emilsson Össur Ingi , Hägg Shadi Amid , Lindberg Eva , Franklin Karl A. , Toren Kjell , Benediktsdottir Bryndis , Aspelund Thor , Gómez Real Francisco , Leynaert Bénédicte , Demoly Pascal , Sigsgaard Torben , Perret Jennifer , Malinovschi Andrei , Jarvis Deborah , Garcia-Aymerich Judith , Gislason Thorarinn , Janson Christer 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionThe study aim was to examine the association of snoring and nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux (nGOR) with respiratory symptoms and lung function, and if snoring and/or nGOR associated with a steeper decline in lung function.MethodsData from the third visit of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) was used for cross-sectional analysis. Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry was performed, and information on sleep, nGOR and respiratory symptoms was collected (n=5715). Habitual snoring and nGOR were assessed by questionnaire reports. Pre-bronchodilator spirometry from ECRHS I, II and III (20 years follow-up) were used to analyse lung function changes by multivariate regression analysis.ResultsSnoring and nGOR were independently associated with a higher prevalence of wheeze, chest tightness, breathlessness, cough and phlegm. The prevalence of any respiratory symptom was 79% in subjects with both snoring and nGORversus56% in those with neither (p<0.001). Subjects with both snoring and nGOR had more frequent exacerbations (adjusted prevalence 32%versus19% among “no snoring, no nGOR”, p=0.003). Snoring but not nGOR was associated with a steeper decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s over 10 years after adjusting for confounding factors (change in % predicted −5.53,versus−4.58 among “no snoring”, p=0.04) and forced vital capacity (change in % predicted −1.94,versus−0.99 among “no snoring”, p=0.03).ConclusionsAdults reporting both habitual snoring and nGOR had more respiratory symptoms and more frequent exacerbations of these symptoms. Habitual snoring was associated with a steeper decline in lung function over time.
Transposon libraries identify novel Mycobacterium bovis BCG genes involved in the dynamic interactions required for BCG to persist during in vivo passage in cattle
Authors: Mendum Tom A. , Chandran Aneesh , Williams Kerstin , Vordermeier H. Martin , Villarreal-Ramos Bernardo , Wu H. , Singh Albel , Smith Alex A. , Butler Rachel E. , Prasad Aravind , Bharti Neeraj , Banerjee Ruma , Kasibhatla Sunitha M. , Bhatt Apoorva , Stewart Graham R. , McFadden Johnjoe 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background
BCG is the most widely used vaccine of all time and remains the only licensed vaccine for use against tuberculosis in humans. BCG also protects other species such as cattle against tuberculosis, but due to its incompatibility with current tuberculin testing regimens remains unlicensed. BCG’s efficacy relates to its ability to persist in the host for weeks, months or even years after vaccination. It is unclear to what degree this ability to resist the host’s immune system is maintained by a dynamic interaction between the vaccine strain and its host as is the case for pathogenic mycobacteria.

Results
To investigate this question, we constructed transposon mutant libraries in both BCG Pasteur and BCG Danish strains and inoculated them into bovine lymph nodes. Cattle are well suited to such an assay, as they are naturally susceptible to tuberculosis and are one of the few animal species for which a BCG vaccination program has been proposed. After three weeks, the BCG were recovered and the input and output libraries compared to identify mutants with in vivo fitness defects. Less than 10% of the mutated genes were identified as affecting in vivo fitness, they included genes encoding known mycobacterial virulence functions such as mycobactin synthesis, sugar transport, reductive sulphate assimilation, PDIM synthesis and cholesterol metabolism. Many other attenuating genes had not previously been recognised as having a virulence phenotype. To test these genes, we generated and characterised three knockout mutants that were predicted by transposon mutagenesis to be attenuating in vivo: pyruvate carboxylase, a hypothetical protein (BCG_1063), and a putative cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase. The knockout strains survived as well as wild type during in vitro culture and in bovine macrophages, yet demonstrated marked attenuation during passage in bovine lymph nodes confirming that they were indeed involved in persistence of BCG in the host.

Conclusion
These data show that BCG is far from passive during its interaction with the host, rather it continues to employ its remaining virulence factors, to interact with the host’s innate immune system to allow it to persist, a property that is important for its protective efficacy.
Mechanisms of primary resistance to icotinib in Chinese non-small-cell lung cancer patients with EGFR uncommon mutations: A multicenter study.
Authors: Wang Wen xian , Xu Chunwei , Zhu You-cai , Zhang Quxia , Chen Yu , Fang Yong , Wang Hong , Zhuang Wu , Huang Yun-jian , Fang Meiyu , Zhang Yinbin , Wang Liping , Zhang Huibao , Zhou Ying , Zheng Yu , Hu Xugang , Jiang Weiping , Chen Gang , Lv Tangfeng , Song Yong 
Published: May 2019

e20501 Background: Previous case series, retrospective studies and pooled survey studies have investigated the clinical efficacies of EGFR-TKIs in patients harboring EGFR uncommon mutations. However, part of patients with EGFR uncommon mutations do not exhibit objective responses to EGFR TKIs (primary resistance). The mechanism of primary resistance to icotinib in EGFR uncommon mutations NSCLC has not been clearly understood. Methods: We screened 3279 patients with NSCLC for EGFR uncommon mutations. Among them, 106 patients received icotinib treatment, and a total of 69 patients with stage IIIb-IV EGFR uncommon mutations NSCLC were undergoing tumor biopsies or blood withdrawing by the time of primary or acquiring to icotinib, in including formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, serum samples and serous effusions. We used targeted NGS to detect genes status of patients. Results: Among 69 patients treated with icotinib, 69.57% (48/69) developed acquired resistance, and 30.43% (21/69) had primary resistance. Using the specimens at the baseline, there were 6(28.57%) patients with EGFR extracellular domain mutation, 5(23.81%) patients with BCL2L11 loss (BIM deletion polymorphism), 3(14.29%) patients with MET amplification, 1(4.76%) patient with ERBB2 amplification, 1(4.76%) patient with MYC amplification, 1(4.76%) patient with PTEN mutation, 1(4.76%) patient with PIK3CA mutation, and 3 (14.29%) patients with unknown status. Conclusions: EGFR extracellular domain mutation, BCL2L11 loss, PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway (PTEN, PIK3CA mutations), MET amplification, ERBB2 amplification or MYC amplification might contribute to molecular mechanisms of primary resistance to icotinib in EGFR uncommon mutations NSCLC. The complexity and heterogeneity of EGFR uncommon mutations NSCLC that may confer primary resistance to icotinib using NGS platform.
The efficacy of anlotinib in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients with or without hypertension in ALTER0303: Anlotinib as a third-line therapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: Shi Jianhua , Han Baohui , Li Kai , Wang Qiming , Zhang Li , Zhe-Hai Wang , Cheng Ying , He Jianxing , Shi Yuankai , Chen Weiqiang , Luo Yi , Wu Lin , Wang Xiuwen , Nan Kejun , Jin Faguang , Dong Jian , Li Baolan 
Published: May 2019

e20503 Background: As a promising multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), anlotinib hydrochloride significantly improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in advanced NSCLC patients in the phase 3 trial (ALTER0303). Here, we demonstrated the efficacy of anlotinib in SCC patients with or without hypertension. Methods: Patients (n = 439) were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive anlotinib (12mg daily for 14 days in a 21 day cycle) or placebo. The primary endpoint was OS and second endpoints were PFS, ORR, DCR and QoL. The correlation between hypertension and efficacy (PFS and OS) was analyzed in SCC patients treated with anlotinib. Results: For different ECOG score (0 and 1) SCC patients (n = 46) in the anlotinib arm, the PFS was significantly improved in patients with hypertension in ECOG 1 group (7.00 vs 4.83 months, p = 0.043). There is no statistical difference in other subgroups. Moreover, for the SCC patients in anlotinib arm, PFS was significantly prolonged in patients with hypertension compared to the patients without hypertension (7.23 vs 3.23 months; HR = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.16–0.84; P = 0.001). However, the median OS of the patients with hypertension was numerically but not statistically longer than the patients without hypertension (13.93 vs 6.30 months; HR = 0.56; 95%CI, 0.26-1.22; P = 0.100). Conclusions: In the ALTER0303 trial, anlotinib significantly improved PFS with a potential benefit of OS for SCC patients with hypertension. And ECOG score does not affect the efficacy of anlotinib in SCC patients with or without hypertension. Clinical trial information: NCT02388919. [Table: see text]
Pembrolizumab (Pem) for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC): Efficacy and safety in everyday clinical practice.
Authors: Ksienski Doran , Wai Elaine S. , Croteau Nicole , Freeman Ashley , Fiorino Leathia , Chan Angela , Geller Georgia Samantha , Poonja Zia , Brooks Edward Geoffrey , Fenton Dave , Irons Sarah , Lesperance Mary 
Published: May 2019

e20506 Background: In clinical trials, Pem improves overall survival (OS) compared to chemotherapy in a subset of patients (pts) with aNSCLC. Immune related adverse events (irAE) have correlated with improved OS in some studies. We explored efficacy and safety of Pem in a provincial population. Methods: aNSCLC pts treated with Pem between 06/2015 and 08/2018 at BC Cancer were retrospectively identified. Kaplan-Meier curves of OS from initiation of Pem were plotted and multivariable analysis (MVA) was performed with Cox proportional hazard regression models. 3, 6, and 9 month landmark Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed and log-rank tests used to determine the association of irAE subtypes with OS. Multivariable logistic regression models for irAE within 3 months of Pem initiation were also fit. Results: Characteristics of the 190 pt cohort: median age 70y (41-91), ECOG PS 2/3 at start of Pem: 34.2%, squamous histology: 22.1%, EGFR mutation: 3.7%, brain (13.7%) or liver (8.9%) metastases, PD-L1 expression ≥ 50%: 92.6%, treatment line: 1st/ ≥2nd: 74.2%/25.8%. Median cycles delivered 7 (range 1-35). With median survival follow-up of 6.1 months (range 0.03-39.8 months) and 43% pts decreased, median OS of Pem in the 1st line and ≥2nd line settings were 24.3 months (95% CI, 9.7-not reached, NR) and 13.4 months (95% CI, 8.1-NR), respectively. Pts with ECOG PS 2/3 had lower OS vs. ECOG PS 0/1 (5.8 months vs. 16.7 months, log-rank p < 0.0001). On MVA, only ECOG PS (p < 0.001) was associated with OS. 66 pts (34.7% of cohort) experienced 89 irAE; most common irAE: dermatitis (20pts), hypothyroidism (13pts), and pneumonitis (10pts). 8.4% of cohort developed grade 3 or 4 irAE; no grade 5 irAE. The odds of a grade ≥ 3 irAE within 3 months was 6.3 fold higher if ECOG 2/3 vs. 0/1 (p = 0.05). A weak association between pneumonitis and decreased OS at 9 month landmark (p = 0.09) was seen; otherwise no association with irAE subtypes at 3, 6, and 9 month landmarks was observed. Conclusions: In the whole cohort, clinical efficacy and toxicity of Pem was consistent with registration trials. Pts with ECOG PS 2/3 had a significantly lower OS and higher odds of developing grade ≥ 3 irAE than those with good ECOG PS 0/1.