bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tamponade effect of resorbable biological barrier in quality of obturation in primary molar
Authors: Kakade Adesh , Shetty Heeresh , Santosh Anitha , Mali Sayali , Badnaware Sheetal , Deshmukh Bhagyashree , Banthiya Karun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimPhysical properties of obturating materials have a direct effect on the quality of obturation; less viscous material will tend to extrude beyond the apex. We hypothesize that the use of absorbable gelatin sponge (AGS) can prevent the extrusion of these materials. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of obturation in root canals filled with iodoform‐calcium hydroxide (Metapex) premixed paste and Metapex withAGS(MAGS) in primary molars.MethodsThis in vivo study comprised 60 primary mandibular molars which after instrumentation were divided into 2 groups according to the obturation material used, Metapex andMAGS, followed by radiographic evaluation to assess the quality of the obturation. The χ2‐test was applied for statistical analysis.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference between Metapex andMAGSgroups in achieving optimum obturation (P < .001). Metapex andMAGSexhibited 86.65% and 38.88% optimum obturation respectively. The overfilling of root canals effectively reduced from 38.88% to 4.44%.ConclusionThe addition ofAGSto Metapex causes a “tamponade effect”, which reduces the tendency of Metapex to extrude beyond the root apex. Root canal obturation using a modified filling paste likeMAGSis effective in obtaining optimum obturation in primary teeth.
Risk assessments in orthodontic patients developing white spot lesions
Authors: Leeper Danielle K. , Noureldin Amal , Julien Katie , Campbell Phillip M. , Buschang Peter H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo determine whether caries risk factors, including cariogenic bacterial levels and salivary function, can be used to identify orthodontic patients who develop white spot lesions (WSL).MethodsThis prospective case‐control study comprised 50 patients 11‐17 years of age, including 25 controls and 25 cases who developed new WSL during treatment. WSL, oral hygiene and fluorosis were evaluated from intraoral photographs. The biofilm was assessed with bacterial cultures and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence. Salivary analyses were performed to determine the pH of saliva and flow rates. A survey was used to assess snacking frequency, oral hygiene and fluoride utilization.ResultsThere were no between‐group pretreatment differences in WSL. Cases reported eating sugary foods significantly more often than the controls. There was a significant decline in oral hygiene during treatment, with no significant between‐group difference. There also were no statistically significant between‐group differences in the amount of saliva, buffer, ATP bioluminescence and bacterial levels. Both groups showed lower than normal buffer capacity and high bacterial levels.ConclusionCases had greater sugar intake between meals than controls. ATP bioluminescence, Streptococcus mutans levels with Saliva Check Mutans, and salivary factors do not identify patients who develop WSL.
Genetic contribution of ABCC2 to Dubin‐Johnson syndrome and inherited cholestatic disorders
Authors: Corpechot Christophe , Barbu Véronique , Chazouillères Olivier , Broué Pierre , Girard Muriel , Roquelaure Bertrand , Chrétien Yves , Dong Catherine , Lascols Olivier , Housset Chantal , Jéru Isabelle 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsThe ABCC2 gene is implicated in Dubin‐Johnson syndrome (DJS), a rare autosomal recessive liver disorder. The primary aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of ABCC2 genetic testing in the largest cohort of DJS reported to date. The high number of patients with cholestatic manifestations in this series prompted us to evaluate the genetic contribution of rare, potentially pathogenic ABCC2 variants to other inherited cholestatic disorders.MethodsThe cohort study included 32 patients with clinical DJS diagnosis, and 372 patients referred for the following disorders: low phospholipid‐associated cholelithiasis (LPAC) syndrome, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC). ABCC2 was screened by next‐generation sequencing.ResultsMost patients with clinical DJS had positive genetic diagnosis (n = 30; 94%), with a great diversity of point mutations and copy number variations in ABCC2. Strikingly, eight (27%) of these patients showed transient cholestatic features at presentation: four neonatal cholestasis, two ICP, one contraceptive‐induced cholestasis and one sporadic cholestasis. Conversely, the frequency of rare, heterozygous, potentially pathogenic ABCC2 variants in patients with LPAC, ICP or BRIC did not differ significantly from that of the general population.ConclusionsThis large series reveals that DJS is a highly homogeneous Mendelian disorder involving a large spectrum of ABCC2 variants. Genetic testing is crucial to establish early DJS diagnosis in patients with atypical presentations, such as neonatal cholestasis. This study also provides no evidence for the contribution of rare, potentially pathogenic ABCC2 variants to other inherited cholestatic disorders.
Combining imaging and tumour biopsy improves the diagnosis of combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Gigante Elia , Ronot Maxime , Bertin Caroline , Ciolina Maria , Bouattour Mohamed , Dondero Federica , Cauchy François , Soubrane Olivier , Vilgrain Valérie , Paradis Valérie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsCombined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC‐CCA) is by definition a highly heterogeneous tumour, which significantly impacts its diagnosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of imaging using computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance (MR) and biopsy for the diagnosis of cHCC‐CCA.MethodscHCC‐CCA resected between December 2006 and April 2017 with available pre‐operative imaging and tumour biopsy were retrospectively included. cHCC‐CCA diagnosis was based on morphological and immunophenotypical features. A total of 21 cHCC‐CCA were compared to 21 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) as controls. All biopsies were reviewed. Two radiologists reviewed the cases and classified tumours into four patterns (type 1 [progressive enhancement of the entire lesion, iCCA type], type 2 [arterial enhancement with washout, HCC type], type 3 [mixed pattern with combinations of 1, 2 and 4] and type 4 [atypical pattern, areas of arterial enhancement without washout and/or hypovascular]).ResultsThe presence of a type 3 pattern at imaging had a 48% sensitivity and 81% specificity for cHCC‐CCA diagnosis. The initial diagnosis performed on biopsy was cHCC‐CCA in 8/21 patients (38%). After reviewing and including immunophenotypical markers, two more cases were diagnosed as cHCC‐CCA (48% sensibility, 100% specificity). When either imaging or biopsy suggested the diagnosis of cHCC‐CCA, the sensitivity and specificity were 60% and 82% respectively.ConclusionsWe showed that a two‐step strategy combining imaging as the first step and biopsy as the second step improved the diagnostic performance of cHCC‐CCA.
An integrative correlation of myopathology, phenotype and genotype in late onset Pompe disease
Authors: Kulessa M. , Weyer‐Menkhoff I. , Viergutz L. , Kornblum C. , Claeys K. G. , Schneider I. , Plöckinger U. , Young P. , Boentert M. , Vielhaber S. , Mawrin C. , Bergmann M. , Weis J. , Ziagaki A. , Stenzel W. , Deschauer M. , Nolte D. , Hahn A. , Schoser B. , Schänzer A. 
Published: September 2019

AimsPompe disease is caused by pathogenic mutations in the alpha 1,4‐glucosidase (GAA) gene and in patients with late onset Pome disease (LOPD), genotype–phenotype correlations are unpredictable. Skeletal muscle pathology includes glycogen accumulation and altered autophagy of various degrees. A correlation of the muscle morphology with clinical features and the genetic background in GAA may contribute to the understanding of the phenotypic variability.MethodsMuscle biopsies taken before enzyme replacement therapy were analysed from 53 patients with LOPD. On resin sections, glycogen accumulation, fibrosis, autophagic vacuoles and the degree of muscle damage (morphology‐score) were analysed and the results were compared with clinical findings. Additional autophagy markers microtubule‐associated protein 1A/1B‐light chain 3, p62 and Bcl2‐associated athanogene 3 were analysed on cryosections from 22 LOPD biopsies.ResultsThe myopathology showed a high variability with, in most patients, a moderate glycogen accumulation and a low morphology‐score. High morphology‐scores were associated with increased fibrosis and autophagy highlighting the role of autophagy in severe stages of skeletal muscle damage. The morphology‐score did not correlate with the patient's age at biopsy, disease duration, nor with the residual GAA enzyme activity or creatine‐kinase levels. In 37 patients with LOPD, genetic analysis identified the most frequent mutation, c.‐32‐13T>G, in 95%, most commonly in combination with c.525delT (19%). No significant correlation was found between the different GAA genotypes and muscle morphology type.ConclusionsMuscle morphology in LOPD patients shows a high variability with, in most cases, moderate pathology. Increased pathology is associated with more fibrosis and autophagy.
The role of leaf water potential in the temperature response of mesophyll conductance
Authors: Li Yong , Song Xin , Li Si , Salter William T. , Barbour Margaret M. 
Published: September 2019

Summary

Variation in temperature (T) is usually accompanied by changes in leaf water potential (Ψleaf), which may influence mesophyll conductance (gm). However, the effects of Ψleaf on gm have not yet been considered in models of the gm response to temperature.

Temperature responses of gm and Ψleaf and the response of gm to Ψleaf were studied in rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum), and then an empirical model of Ψleaf was incorporated into an existing gm–T model.

In wheat, Ψleaf was dramatically decreased with increasing T, whereas in rice Ψleaf was less sensitive or insensitive to T. Without taking Ψleaf into account, gm for wheat showed no response to T. However, at a given Ψleaf, gm was significantly higher at high temperature compared with low. After incorporating the function of Ψleaf into the gm–T model, we suggest that the gm–T relationship can be influenced by the activation and deactivation energy for membrane permeability, Ψleaf gradient between temperatures, and the sensitivity of gm to Ψleaf, below a threshold (Ψleaf,0).

The data presented here suggest that Ψleaf plays an important role in the gm–T relationship and should be considered in future studies related to the temperature response of gm and photosynthesis.
Challenges in the control of acanthocephalosis in aquaculture: special emphasis on Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae
Authors: Valladão Gustavo Moraes Ramos , Gallani Sílvia Umeda , Jerônimo Gabriela Tomas , Seixas Arthur Tavares de 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAcanthocephalans are endoparasites of several vertebrate species. These parasites are able to attach the host intestine, which culminates in low nutrient utilization and severe economic losses. This review discusses the impact of acanthocephalosis for aquaculture and demonstrates promising control and treatment measures against this parasitosis. Echinorhynchus truttae was considered one of the main parasites affecting salmonids; however, there are currently no scientific data on relevant outbreaks of this parasitosis. It is emphasized that, currently, the disease caused by Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae in tambaqui Colossoma macropomum is the fish acanthocephalosis with the strongest impact, besides being one of the most important acanthocephalosis affecting animal production worldwide. It has been noted that this disease has direct correlation with an environment replete with contaminated zooplankton and biosafety failures. Amongst revised synthetic chemotherapeutics, carbon tetrachloride and loperamide are described as being strongly efficient against E. truttae, and levamisole has been the most studied molecule for N. buttnerae. Considering the demand for alternative molecules, studies have shown that thyme, garlic and peppermint are promising against acanthocephalans. It must be emphasized a great need for standardization of in vitro and in vivo tests, as well as the need for studies on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. As prospects to control acanthocephalosis, we highlight the need for development of innovative aquaculture environments (biofloc and recirculation systems) that can prevent or extinguish the intermediate host, new methods of drug inclusion in the diet and genetic studies aiming improvement of resistant fish lineage and even the genome description of the parasite.
The effects of growth factors on proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells from Guangxi Bama mini‐pig
Authors: Zhao Huimin , Li Tingting , Yang Huan , Mehmood Muhammad Usman , Lu Yangqing , Liang Xingwei , Yang Xiaogan , Xu Huiyan , Lu Kehuan , Lu Shengsheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different growth factors on the proliferation of Bama mini‐pig spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in vitro. The growth factors glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), GDNF family receptor alpha‐1 (GFRα1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were investigated. The SSCs were seeded on SIM mouse embryo‐derived thioguanine‐ and ouabain‐resistant (STO) feeder layers. Cultivation of the cells were subjected to a factorial design of the growth factors GDNF + bFGF, GDNF + bFGF + GFRα1, LIF + bFGF and LIF + bFGF + GFRα1. The SSCs could propagate for 25 passages in the medium adding GDNF + bFGF + GFRα1, 22 passages in the medium adding GDNF + bFGF, 6 passages in the medium adding LIF + bFGF, or LIF + bFGF + GFRα1. qRT‐PCR analysis showed that the highest mRNA expression levels of NANOG, POU5F, DDX4, GFRα1 and UCHL1 were detected in the group adding GDNF + bFGF + GFRα1. The SSCs from the group adding GDNF + bFGF + GFRα1 also showed UCHL1‐, DBA‐ and CDH1‐positive staining. Moreover, Stra8 and Scp3 expression, and haploid peak were detected after induction of the SSCs from the group adding GDNF + bFGF + GFRα1. In conclusion, pig SSCs could be maintained for long term in the presence of GDNF, bFGF, and GFRα1.
Measurement of membrane integrity in canine spermatozoa using a fluorescent computer‐assisted spermatozoal quantification method and manual counting after eosin‐nigrosin staining compared with manual counting after CFDA/PI staining
Authors: Watts John 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare measurement of spermatozoal membrane status using computer‐assisted spermatozoal quantification (CASQ) and eosin‐nigrosin (EN) staining with manual counting after CFDA/PI staining. Analysis was performed on both fresh and thawed cryopreserved canine semen. Membrane‐disrupted spermatozoa (MDS) were counted using CASQ (n = 311) in an untreated sample and a completely membrane‐disrupted sample, and the percentage of membrane‐intact spermatozoa (MIS) calculated: (Total count − Untreated sample count) ÷ Total count × 100. Spermatozoa were stained with a one‐step EN stain (n = 501), and then, at least 100 spermatozoa were manually examined under ×1,000 magnification and classified as MDS (stained with eosin) or MIS (non‐stained). Spermatozoa from the same samples were also stained with CFDA/PI, and then, at least 200 spermatozoa were manually examined under ×1,000 magnification and classified as MIS (completely stained by CFDA) or MDS. The percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa (PMS) was determined by both computer‐assisted semen analysis (CASA) and subjective methodologies, and the data were subsequently analysed to measure the agreement between the CASQ and EN methods with the CFDA/PI technique using Bland–Altman methodology. Pearson's correlation was measured between the MIS and PMS percentage samples and correlation coefficients compared. The mean MIS percentage was lower for CASQ and higher for EN than in CFDA/PI for all comparisons. The agreement of MIS percentage between CASQ and CFDA/PI was −20.2% to 32.0%, and between EN and CFDA/PI was −32.9% to 14.9%. In all methods, the MIS and PMS percentages were correlated (p < .001). Measurement of CFDA/PI appeared to be the most reliable and accurate method of determining MIS percentage in dogs. Further investigation is required to determine whether the CASQ technique can be improved. Eosin‐nigrosin staining also appeared to be unreliable at MIS <80% and overestimated the MIS percentage.
Expertise Across Disciplines: Establishing Common Ground in Interdisciplinary Disaster Research Teams
Authors: Gilligan Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHazards and disasters arise from interactions between environmental and social processes, so interdisciplinary research is crucial in understanding and effectively managing them. Despite support and encouragement from funding agencies, universities, and journals and growing interest from researchers, interdisciplinary disaster research teams face significant obstacles, such as the difficulty of establishing effective communication and understanding across disciplines. Better understanding of interdisciplinary teamwork can also have important practical benefits for operational disaster planning and response.Social studies of science distinguish different kinds of expertise and different modes of communication. Understanding these differences can help interdisciplinary research teams communicate more clearly and work together more effectively. The primary role of a researcher is in contributory expertise (the ability to make original contributions to a discipline); but interactional expertise in other disciplines (the ability to understand their literature and communicate with their practitioners) can play an important role in interdisciplinary collaborations. Developing interactional expertise requires time and effort, which can be challenging for a busy researcher, and also requires a foundation of trust and communication among team members. Three distinct aspects of communication play important roles in effective interdisciplinary communication: dialects, metaphors, and articulation. There are different ways to develop interactional expertise and effective communication, so researchers can pursue approaches that suit their circumstances. It will be important for future research on interdisciplinary disaster research to identify best practices for building trust, facilitating communication, and developing interactional expertise.
Power output, cadence, and torque are similar between the forward standing and traditional sprint cycling positions
Authors: Merkes Paul F. J. , Menaspà Paolo , Abbiss Chris R. 
Published: September 2019

PurposeCompare power output, cadence, and torque in the seated, standing, and forward standing cycling sprint positions.MethodsOn three separated occasions (ie, one for each position), 11 recreational male road cyclists performed a 14 seconds sprint before and directly after a high‐intensity lead‐up. Power output, cadence, and torque were measured during each sprint.ResultsNo significant differences in peak and mean power output were observed between the forward standing (1125.5 ± 48.5 W and 896.0 ± 32.7 W, respectively) and either the seated or standing positions (1042.5 ± 46.8 W and 856.5 ± 29.4 W; 1175.4 ± 44.9 W and 927.5 ± 28.9 W, respectively). Power output was higher in the standing, compared with the seated position. No difference was observed in cadence between positions. At the start of the sprint before the lead‐up, peak torque was higher in the standing position vs the forward standing position; and peak torque occurred later in the pedal revolution for both the forward standing and standing positions when compared with the seated position. At the start of the sprint after the lead‐up, peak torque occurred later in the forward standing position when compared with both the seated and standing position. At the end of the sprint, no difference in torque was found between the forward standing and standing position either before or after the lead‐up.ConclusionSprinting in the forward standing sprint position does not impair power output, cadence, and torque when compared with the seated and standing sprint positions.
In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy for evaluating common facial hyperpigmentation
Authors: Zeng Xiaofang , Qiu Yu , Xiang Wenzhong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn clinical settings, atypical facial hyperpigmentation such as nevus of Ota, acquired bilateral nevus of Ota‐like macules (ABNOM), melasma, and café‐au‐lait spots are often missed and misdiagnosed. Summarizing in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) features of the hyperpigmentation is helpful in the diagnosis of ambiguous lesions.MethodsWe recruited 196 patients referred for unequivocal facial hyperpigmentation, including 55 patients with nevus of Ota, 45 patients with ABNOM, 62 patients with melasma, and 34 patients with café‐au‐lait spots. The RCM images were evaluated at the epidermis, the dermis‐epidermis junction (DEJ), and the upper papillary dermis from both hyperpigmented patches and normal skin.ResultsIn the superficial and middle dermis, 41 of 55 patients (74.5%) with nevus of Ota were characterized by a cord‐like or lumpy structure between the collagen fibers. And there was no melanin deposition detected in the dermis in 14 of 55 (25.5%) patients. In ABNOM, 37 of 45 (82.2%) patients were characterized by a cord‐like or lumpy structure in the superficial dermis and 8 of 45 patients (17.8%) was no melanin deposition detected in the dermis. The epidermis was no difference between nevus of Ota, ABNOM, and the normal skin. Melasma was detected increased cobblestone pattern in the epidermis of all patients, branching architecture in 21 of 62 patients (33.9%), and focally aggregated round to triangular cells in the upper dermis of 18 of 62 patients (29.0%). In all patients with afé‐au‐lait spots, increased cobblestone pattern in the epidermis and regular and increased density of ringed pattern in the DEJ were visualized.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that RCM may be useful in the auxiliary diagnosis of nevus of Ota, ABNOM, melasma, and café‐au‐lait spots.
An Empirical Test of the Comey Effect on the 2016 Presidential Election
Authors: Halcoussis Dennis , Lowenberg Anton D. , Phillips G. Michael 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesThe contentious 2016 U.S. presidential election was marked by acrimonious televised debates between the two major candidates, Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, federal investigations of Clinton's emails that were sent from a personal server when she held office as Secretary of State, and the release of a videotape of lewd remarks by Trump about his behavior toward women. Financial market uncertainty also played in role in the election campaign. The objective of the article is to examine the impact of these different factors on the election.MethodThe present article uses a popular vote prediction market to test the impact of these factors on the probability of Trump winning the election.ResultsResults indicate that the debates and videotape release were not statistically significant, but that a letter to Congress released by FBI Director James B. Comey on October 28, 2016, substantially decreased Clinton's probability of winning the popular vote and simultaneously increased Trump's probability. Financial market uncertainty is found to have some marginal positive effect on Trump's probability of winning.ConclusionTrump's probability of winning the election received a substantial boost from FBI Director James B. Comey's “last‐minute” announcement on October 28, 2016.