bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cephalic to jugular vein bypass surgery of subclavian vein stenosis for arteriovenous fistula salvage in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Gao Min , Pan Ming-Ming , Han Yu-Chen 
Published: November 2024

Background: Ipsilateral subclavian vein stenosis in a well-functioning upper extremity arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a significant factor contributing to AVF failure and sometimes swelling of ipsilateral upper extremity. Graft bypass surgery can alleviate outflow tract stenosis in upper extremity AVF, restore function, and efficiently relieve arm swelling. The present study aimed to evaluate patency and postoperative complications after cephalic to jugular graft bypass surgery in patients with upper extremity AVF failure or upper extremity swelling on the same side of the AVF resulting from ipsilateral subclavian vein stenosis. Methods: Five patients with upper extremity AVF and ipsilateral subclavian vein stenosis undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were included. Three patients had AVF dysfunction, while two experienced swelling of the arm due to high venous pressure in the AVF. The surgical procedure involved creating a subcutaneous tunnel in the shoulder to connect a 6 mm polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) graft, from either near the fistula site ( n = 3) or at the mid-upper arm cephalic vein ( n = 2), to the jugular vein. Results: Graft bypass surgery was successful, and all patients were able to resume hemodialysis postoperatively. Upper extremity edema improved, without any postoperative wound infections, non-healing wounds, steal syndrome, or high-flow AVF leading to heart failure as a complication. Five to 19 months after surgery, the bypass grafts exhibited a primary patency rate of 100%, and vascular access fulfilled the requirements for hemodialysis. Conclusions: Cephalic to jugular vein bypass surgery for upper extremity AVF with ipsilateral subclavian vein stenosis effectively preserved function of the original fistula, and was associated with few postoperative complications.
Association of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T with territorial middle cerebral artery brain infarctions and dynamic cerebral autoregulation
Authors: Bolognese Manuel , Weichsel Laura , Österreich Mareike , Müller Martin , Karwacki Grzegorz Marek , Lakatos Lehel-Barna 
Published: November 2024

Background Cardiac high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTnT) is linked to the cardioembolic origin, severity, and outcome of acute ischemic stroke. Furthermore, larger brain infarctions are often accompanied by impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA), which is also indicative of a poor prognosis. Objectives This study aimed to investigate whether hs-cTnT levels can serve as a predictor of dCA impairment. Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods In 330 consecutive patients with stroke (age 71 years [IQR 59-78]; 100 women; 229 territorial and 111 non-territorial brain infarcts) with successful dCA assessment, hs-cTnT levels were measured within 24 hours of stroke onset. These measurements were analyzed in relation to cerebrovascular risk factors, stroke origin, stroke severity (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS at entry), modified Rankin scale (mRs) at 3 months, and stroke volume determined by cranial computed tomography perfusion (CTP). dCA was assessed using transfer function analysis, which assessed the relationship between middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity and blood pressure. Coherence, gain, and phase were estimated across 3 frequency ranges: very low (0.02-0.07 Hz), low (0.07-0.15 Hz), and high (0.15-0.5 Hz). Results In univariate analysis, hs-cTnT was associated with cardioembolism and territorial infarction. In the multinomial logistic regression analysis, independent risk factors for the presence of a territorial infarction included atrial fibrillation, the NIHSS score, the infarct core on CTP, cardioembolism, and large vessel disease, but not hs-cTnT levels. Risk factors for a poor outcome (mRs >2) included age, hs-cTnT, and NIHSS score. Overall, the coherence, gain, and phase were not predicted by hs-cTnT levels. Conclusions Hs-cTnT levels are associated with poor stroke outcomes. However, they do not predict dCA impairment. Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04611672, 11.10.2020
Does the frequency of cultural switching modulate bilinguals’ performance on Executive Functions tasks? A study of highly proficient bicultural-bilinguals
Authors: Xie Wenhan , Ng Bee Chin 
Published: November 2024

Aims and Objectives: This study investigates how bicultural switching could influence cognitive performance on Executive Functions tasks among bicultural-bilinguals. Methodology: Study 1 ( n = 233) integrates self-report questionnaire data on cultural and language behaviour with a priming experiment, providing empirical evidence of young adult bilinguals’ ability to shift between multiple cultures. Study 2 ( n = 48) explores the effect of cultural switching frequency on young adult bicultural bilinguals’ performance on tests for interference and inhibition control, set-shifting ability, and attention. Data and Analysis: Study 1: A repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to determine the effect of different primes on participant’s ratings. We ran a two-way mixed ANOVA to ascertain the effect of interlocutors (Grandparents/relatives, Parents, Siblings, Peers/co-workers, Social media) on behaviour (Cultural, Language). Study 2: A one-way ANOVA was conducted on Simon, Flanker, and Wisconsin Card Sort tasks (WCST). Each of the three attention network components was analysed using a 2 (trial-type, within-subjects) × 2 (Switching Group, between-groups) mixed-ANOVA for the Attention Network task. Findings: Study 1: Participants who alternate frequently between cultural frames made a clearer distinction between Western primes than those who switched between cultural frames less, suggesting that the frequency of cultural switching could impact cognition. Study 2: Bicultural bilinguals who switched between cultural frames frequently resolved stimulus-response conflict significantly faster in the Flanker task, made fewer mistakes within each sorting block in the WCST, and had a smaller conflict effect compared to infrequent switchers in the Attention Network Task. Significance: This study examines the effects of bicultural switching on Executive Functions of highly proficient bicultural bilinguals, highlighting it as a potential confound in bilingual research. Bicultural switching effects on interference and inhibition-control persist even in participants at the developmental peak of their cognitive processing capabilities after controlling for a plethora of socio-linguistic variables. Our research highlights how this understudied aspect of multiculturalism may have broad implications for bilingual research in Executive Functions.
Extra virgin olive oil beneficial effects on memory, synaptic function, and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Down syndrome
Authors: Li Jian-Guo , Leone Alessandro , Servili Maurizio , Praticò Domenico 
Published: November 2024

Background: Clinical and preclinical studies have shown that extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a major component of the Mediterranean diet, has beneficial effects on brain aging and cognition. Individuals with Down syndrome develop age-dependent cognitive decline and synaptic dysfunction. However, whether EVOO intake is beneficial in Down syndrome is not known. Objective: In this study, by implementing a mouse model of Down syndrome, we aimed to investigate the effect that chronic administration of EVOO has on memory, synaptic function, and neuroinflammation. Methods: Starting at 4 months of age Ts65dn mice were randomized to receive EVOO for 5 months in their diet, after which they were tested for learning and memory impairment. After euthanasia, synaptic function was measured in freshly obtained hippocampal slices, whereas brain tissues were assessed for inflammatory biomarkers. Results: Compared with controls, mice receiving EVOO had a significant improvement in learning and spatial memory. Additionally, field potential recordings showed that treated mice had an improvement in synaptic function. Finally, array analysis showed that EVOO modulated the expression levels of several inflammatory biomarkers. Conclusions: Chronic administration of EVOO to a mouse model of Down syndrome has beneficial effects on memory impairments, synaptic function deficits and neuroinflammation. Our findings provide additional support for the potential therapeutic effects of EVOO also in individuals with Down syndrome.
Added value of inflammatory plasma biomarkers to pathologic biomarkers in predicting preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Leclerc Haley , Lee Athene KW , Kunicki Zachary J , Alber Jessica 
Published: November 2024

Background Plasma biomarkers have recently emerged for the diagnosis, assessment, and disease monitoring of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but have yet to be fully validated in preclinical AD. In addition to AD pathologic plasma biomarkers (amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) species), a proteomic panel can discriminate between symptomatic AD and cognitively unimpaired older adults in a dementia clinic population. Objective Examine the added value of a plasma proteomic panel, validated in symptomatic AD, over standard AD pathologic plasma biomarkers and demographic and genetic (apolipoprotein ( APOE) ɛ4 status) risk factors in detecting preclinical AD. Methods 125 cognitively unimpaired older adults (mean age = 66 years) who completed Aβ PET and plasma draw were analyzed using multiple regression with Aβ PET status (positive versus negative) as the outcome to determine the best fit for predicting preclinical AD. Model 1 included age, education, and gender. Model 2 and 3 added predictors APOE ɛ4 status (carrier versus non-carrier) and AD pathologic blood biomarkers (Aβ42/40 ratio, p-tau181), respectively. Random forest modeling established the 5 proteomic markers from the proteomic panel that best predicted Aβ PET status, and these markers were added in Model 4. Results The best model for predicting Aβ PET status included age, years of education, APOE ɛ4 status, Aβ42/40 ratio, and p-tau181. Adding the top 5 proteomic markers did not significantly improve the model. Conclusions Proteomic markers in plasma did not add predictive value to standard AD pathologic plasma biomarkers in predicting preclinical AD in this sample.
Intersectionality of gender with social determinants of health and asymptomatic Alzheimer's disease neuropathology
Authors: Besser Lilah M , Fuentes Anthony J , Zhang Jessica N , O’Shea Deirdre M , Galvin James E 
Published: November 2024

Background: Women comprise approximately two-thirds of Alzheimer's disease cases. Objective: This is the first known study to investigate the role of intersectionality between gender and other social determinants of health (SDOH) in the presentation of cognitive symptoms (i.e., being asymptomatic or symptomatic) among those with pathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease. Methods: We studied 3107 individuals with Alzheimer's disease neuropathology (ADNP) confirmed at autopsy. Asymptomatic ADNP was defined as the absence of a clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia before death (versus symptomatic: diagnosis of MCI/dementia). SDOH included gender, education, ethnoracial group, living alone, and primary language. Multivariable logistic regression tested associations between SDOH and asymptomatic ADNP (versus symptomatic); models were also stratified by gender. Results: Women, Hispanics, those living alone, and more educated individuals were found to have higher odds of asymptomatic ADNP. Non-English speakers had lower odds of asymptomatic ADNP. Both women and men had higher odds of asymptomatic ADNP if Hispanic or living alone. In only women, non-English speakers had lower odds while in only men, more education was associated with higher odds of asymptomatic ADNP. Conclusions: Gender, education, ethnicity, primary language, and living alone, and intersectionality of gender with primary language, may differentially influence MCI and dementia diagnosis prior to death among those with underlying ADNP. These findings emphasize the need for future Alzheimer's disease research to prioritize social determinants of brain health including their intersectionality with gender and how to inform targeted interventions.
Education attainment and nutritional status in the prevention of cognitive impairment in the hospitalized Chinese elderly
Authors: Gao Zhao , Luo Tianjiong , Ye Chenyu , Cheng Kun , Qian Lichao , Cai Qingqing , Zhou Qiong , Fang Hui , Zhang Guancheng , Cai Shenyan , Shi Ming , Ji Ye , Zhao Letian , Zhu Yilin , Guo Weifeng 
Published: November 2024

Background: Effect of education attainment and nutritional status on the development of cognitive impairment in Chinese elderly has not been reported. Objective: To investigate the role of education and nutrition in preventing cognitive impairment in the hospitalized Chinese elderly. Methods: Cognitive function was examined using the scoring system of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) domains performed under instruction of Physicians of Geriatrics. Generalized linear mixed-effect regression was used for analyzing the association of demographic factors (age and gender), socioeconomic factors (education attainment and monthly income), as well as health-related factors (nutritional status, comorbidity, anxiety, and depression) and MMSE scores. Results: Total 246 hospitalized Chinese elders were enrolled into this study. Of them, 96 participants were 60–70 years old, 65 participants were 71–80 years old, and 85 of them were 81 years or older. Of the examined factors, we found that age, education attainment, and nutritional status were significantly associated with the outcome of MMSE scores, while monthly income and health condition (comorbidity, anxiety, and depression) were not significantly associated with MMSE score. Furthermore, education attainment was significantly associated with majority of the MMSE domains, including orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall, and most of language sub-domains. Conclusion: Education attainment and nutritional status were significantly associated with MMSE scores in the hospitalized Chinese elderly. Higher education and better nutritional status are protective factors for the development of cognitive impairment in the hospitalized elderly Chinese population.
Comparative accuracy of Mini-Linguistic State Examination, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination, and Depistage Cognitif de Quebec for the diagnosis of primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Fernández-Romero Lucía , Morello-García Florentina , Laforce Robert , Delgado-Alonso Cristina , Delgado-Álvarez Alfonso , Gil-Moreno María José , Lavoie Monica , Matias-Guiu Jorge , Cuetos Fernando , Matias-Guiu Jordi A 
Published: November 2024

Background Clinical diagnosis in primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is challenging. Recently, emphasis has been placed on the importance of screening evaluation. Three different screening tests that use different strategies based on the assessment of language (Mini-Linguistic State Examination, MLSE) or different cognitive domains (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination, ACE-III and Dépistage Cognitif de Québec, DCQ) have been proposed and independently validated. These tests aim to detect PPA and classify into the three main variants (non-fluent (nfvPPA), semantic (svPPA) and logopenic (lvPPA)). Objective This study aims to evaluate and compare the diagnostic capacity of these three instruments in PPA. Methods A cross-sectional study including 43 patients with PPA (nfvPPA ( n = 19), svPPA ( n = 8), and lvPPA ( n = 16)) and 21 cognitively unimpaired controls was conducted. Clinical diagnoses were established based on an extensive multidisciplinary assessment including neuropsychological assessment, fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography, MRI, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Both PPA patients and controls completed the three tests (MLSE, ACE-III, and DCQ). Results Internal consistency was excellent for the three tests. The area under the curve for the diagnosis of PPA was 0.950 for MLSE, 0.953 for ACE-III, and 0.933 for DCQ. Correlations between the three tests were high. The MLSE, ACE-III, and DCQ tests obtained adequate levels of discrimination between the variants of PPA, with accuracies between 76–79%. Conclusions This study confirms the validity of ACE-III, MLSE, and DCQ for the diagnosis of PPA and its variants. This suggests that detailed assessment of linguistic characteristics (MLSE) and non-linguistic features (DCQ, ACE-III) are relevant for the diagnosis and classification of PPA.
Remnant cholesterol and cognitive function: Evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study
Authors: Liu Hanrui , Luo Lili , Xia Juan , Wang Xiaonan , Luo Yanxia 
Published: November 2024

Background: Evidence on associations of remnant cholesterol (RC) and its variability with cognitive function is still lacking. Objective: To explore the association of RC and its variability with cognitive function. Methods: Participants were recruited from a population-based cohort, the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Cognitive function was assessed by a standardized questionnaire from CHARLS, with domains of episodic memory and mental intactness. A linear mixed effects model was used to analyze the association of RC with cognitive function, along with its variability (calculated as standard deviation [SD], coefficient of variation [CV], variability independent of the mean [VIM]), with results expressed as β (95%CI). Potential subgroup differences in the association of RC and its variability with cognitive function were also explored. Results: 4234 participants were eventually included, with mean (SD) age of 57.4 (8.0) years. Each 10 mg/dL increase in RC was associated with 0.053 (95%CI: 0.096, 0.009) points, 0.021 (95%CI: 0.042, 0.000) points, 0.032 (95%CI: 0.064, 0.001) points decrease in global cognitive function, episodic memory, and mental intactness scores, respectively. Compared with the first tertile (T1) group of RC variability (calculated as SD, VIM), T3 showed a lower level in global cognition and episodic memory after multivariate adjustment. The potential modification effects of educational level on RC and its variability in relation to cognitive function were also identified. Conclusions: Among Chinese middle-aged and older adults, higher RC level were associated with worse cognitive function. Greater RC variability was also associated with worse cognitive performance, especially in memory function.
The association of the triglyceride-glucose index with Alzheimer's disease and its potential mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Zihao , Sheng Zehu , Liu Jiayao , Zhang Dandan , Wang Hao , Wang Lanyang , Zhu Yangke , Ma Lingzhi , Tan Lan 
Published: November 2024

Background: The correlation between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the glucose-triglyceride (TyG) index remains undetermined. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and AD, as well as the relationship between the TyG index and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers and cognition. Methods: Six hundred twenty-eight non-dementia participants were included. The TyG index, pathological markers, and cognitive measures were studied using multiple linear regression. Also calculated using a multivariate Cox regression model were the hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Ten thousand bootstrap iterative causal mediation analyses were performed to investigate the potential mediating effect of AD pathology on cognition. Results: The TyG index was linked to CSF AD biomarkers (βAβ42 = 0.880; βTau = −0.674; βpTau = −0.884; βAβ42/pTau = 1.764; βAβ42/Tau = 1.554; βpTau/Tau = −0.210) and cognitive measurements (βMEM = 0.570; βEF = 0.535; βADAS11 = −0.789). Mediation analysis revealed that the TyG index may influence cognition via CSF AD biomarkers, including Aβ42, tau, and pTau. Furthermore, each 1-unit increase in TyG index was associated with a 29.5% reduction in the risk of incident AD. Conclusions: A delayed rate of cognitive decline and a reduced risk of AD were found to be correlated with higher levels of the TyG index, but this does not mean increasing TyG index levels is beneficial for health. Through AD pathology, the TyG index may influence AD and cognitive changes.
Social isolation and social cognition: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Grothe Jessica , Pabst Alexander , Röhr Susanne , Riedel-Heller Steffi G , Luppa Melanie 
Published: November 2024

Background: The impact of social isolation on social cognition is not entirely clear. Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the association between social isolation and social cognition. Methods: In a population-based sample of 83 individuals aged 50+ years without dementia, we assessed the relationship between social isolation (measured by the Lubben Social Network Scale - LSNS-6) and performance on emotional recognition (measured by the Emotion Recognition Task (ERT)) and on Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities (measured by the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET)), two core aspects of social cognition. Results: No significant association was found between social isolation and ToM abilities for both the unadjusted and adjusted models. Similarly, no significant association was observed between social isolation and emotion recognition. Conclusions: Further research is needed to understand the complex correlation between social relationships and cognitive health, particularly in different cognitive domains, adopting a life course perspective.
Perceptions of key informant neurologists before implementing anti-amyloid drugs in the Spanish departments of neurology
Authors: Matias-Guiu Jordi A , Álvarez-Sabín José , Botia Enrique , Casado-Naranjo Ignacio , Castellanos Mar , Frank Ana , Íñiguez Cristina , Jiménez-Hernández María Dolores , Jiménez-Jiménez Félix Javier , Láinez José-Miguel , Moral Ester , Pérez-Martínez David A , Rodríguez-Antigüedad Alfredo , Ruiz-Lavilla Nuria , Segura Tomás , Serrano-Castro Pedro J , Matias-Guiu Jorge 
Published: November 2024

Background: A deep knowledge of the healthcare system and the organization of neurology departments is important for planning and optimizing changes to facilitate the successful implementation of anti-amyloid antibodies treatments. Objective: We aimed to assess the necessary changes prior to introducing these therapies in our setting. Methods: We conducted a key informant survey among heads of departments of neurology from 16 hospitals in Spain. The questionnaire comprised questions about changes in the organization and functioning of the departments of neurology with the introduction of anti-amyloid drugs, changes in diagnosis and patient care, use of diagnostic techniques, patients, families and public information, resources allocation, and research. Results: Sixteen key informants completed the survey. They strongly agreed that the introduction of anti-amyloid drugs will impact the functioning of neurology services, especially in hospitals with dementia units. Consensus was reached regarding referring all Alzheimer's disease patients eligible for therapy to dementia units. There was also agreement on the need to expand the neurology services, day hospital units, extend visit durations, and hire more professionals, especially neurologists, neuropsychologists, and nuclear medicine physicians. Furthermore, consensus was achieved on increasing the use of MRI, amyloid PET, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, APOE genotyping, and the necessity of advancing blood biomarkers and tau tracers. Conclusions: Our study highlights the need for extensive changes within Spanish neurological departments to effectively integrate anti-amyloid antibodies. Implementing these changes is essential for the timely and equitable adoption of novel therapies.