bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting Breast Cancer Surveillance: The EMPOWER Study, a Randomized Clinical Trial in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Oeffinger Kevin C. , Ford Jennifer S. , Moskowitz Chaya S. , Chou Joanne F. , Henderson Tara O. , Hudson Melissa M. , Diller Lisa , McDonald Aaron , Ford James , Mubdi Nidha Z. , Rinehart Dayton , Vukadinovich Christopher , Gibson Todd M. , Anderson Nassim , Elkin Elena B. , Garrett Kathleen , Rebull Margaret , Leisenring Wendy , Robison Leslie L. , Armstrong Gregory T. 
Published: July 2019

PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to increase the uptake of screening mammography among high-risk women who were treated for a childhood cancer with chest radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred four female survivors in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study who were treated with chest radiotherapy with 20 Gy or greater, age 25 to 50 years, and without breast imaging in the past 24 months were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive a mailed informational packet followed by a tailored telephone-delivered brief motivational interview (intervention) versus an attention control. Primary outcome was the difference in the proportion of participants who completed a screening mammogram by 12 months as evaluated in an intent-to-treat analysis. Stratum-adjusted relative risk (RR) and 95% CI were estimated using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method. Secondary outcomes included the completion of screening breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and barriers to screening and moderating factors. RESULTS Women in the intervention group were significantly more likely than those in the control group to report a mammogram (45 [33.1%] of 136 v 12 [17.6%] of 68; RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.3). The intervention was more successful among women age 25 to 39 years (RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.7) than among those age 40 to 50 years (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.6 to 3.2). The proportion of women who reported a breast MRI at 12 months was similar between the two groups: 16.2% (intervention) compared with 13.2% (control; RR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.6 to 2.5). Primary barriers to completing a screening mammogram and/or breast MRI included lack of physician recommendation, deferred action by survivor, cost, and absence of symptoms. CONCLUSION Use of mailed materials followed by telephone-delivered counseling increased mammography screening rates in survivors at high risk for breast cancer; however, this approach did not increase the rate of breast MRI. Cost of imaging and physician recommendation were important barriers that should be addressed in future studies.
Increase in Osteocalcin Following Testosterone Therapy in Men With Type 2 Diabetes and Subnormal Free Testosterone
Authors: Ghanim Husam , Dhindsa Sandeep , Green Kelly , Abuaysheh Sanaa , Batra Manav , Makdissi Antoine , Chaudhuri Ajay , Dandona Paresh 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Context
One-third of men with type 2 diabetes have subnormal free testosterone concentrations. We evaluated the following: (i) whether bone mineral density (BMD) and bone strength are affected by gonadal status in type 2 diabetes and (ii) the effect of testosterone replacement on markers of osteoblast and osteoclast activity.

Design
This is a secondary analysis of a previously completed, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ninety-four men with type 2 diabetes were recruited; 44 had subnormal free testosterone concentrations. Men with subnormal free testosterone concentrations were randomized to receive intramuscular injections of testosterone or placebo every 2 weeks for 22 weeks. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans were performed at baseline and at 23 weeks.

Results
Men with subnormal free testosterone had similar BMD compared with men with normal free testosterone. However, bone strength indices were lower in men with subnormal free testosterone. BMD was related to free estradiol concentrations (r = 0.37, P = 0.004 at hip), whereas bone strength was related to free testosterone concentrations (r = 0.41, P < 0.001). Testosterone replacement increased osteocalcin concentrations [mean change (95% CI), 3.52 (0.45, 6.59), P = 0.008]. C-Terminal telopeptide (CTx) concentrations also increased at 15 weeks but reverted to baseline following that. There were no changes in other bone turnover markers or BMD.

Conclusion
We conclude that testosterone replacement resulted in an increase in osteocalcin and a transient increase in CTx, indicating an increase in osteoblastic activity and transient increase in bone breakdown. Therefore, a major action of testosterone is to increase bone turnover in men with type 2 diabetes.
Real-time imaging of integrin β4 dynamics using a reporter cell line generated by Crispr/Cas9 genome editing
Authors: Elaimy Ameer L. , Wang Mengdie , Sheel Ankur , Brown Caitlin W. , Walker Melanie R. , Amante John J. , Xue Wen , Chan Amanda , Baer Christina E. , Goel Hira Lal , Mercurio Arthur M. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The ability to monitor changes in the expression and localization of integrins is essential for understanding their contribution to development, tissue homeostasis and disease. Here, we pioneered the use of Crispr/Cas9 genome editing to tag an allele of the β4 subunit of the α6β4 integrin. A tdTomato tag was inserted with a linker at the C-terminus of integrin β4 in mouse mammary epithelial cells. Cells harboring this tagged allele were similar to wild-type cells with respect to integrin β4 surface expression, association with the α6 subunit, adhesion to laminin and consequent signaling. These integrin β4 reporter cells were transformed with YAP (also known as YAP1), which enabled us to obtain novel insight into integrin β4 dynamics in response to a migratory stimulus (scratch wound) by live-cell video microscopy. An increase in integrin β4 expression in cells proximal to the wound edge was evident, and a population of integrin β4-expressing cells that exhibited unusually rapid migration was identified. These findings could shed insight into integrin β4 dynamics during invasion and metastasis. Moreover, these integrin β4 reporter cells should facilitate studies on the contribution of this integrin to mammary gland biology and cancer.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Nano-Saturn with an Ellipsoidal Body: Anthracene Macrocyclic Ring–C70 Complex
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Yamamoto Yuta , Wakamatsu Kan , Tsurumaki Eiji , Muñoz-Castro Alvaro 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A macrocyclic compound consisting of six anthracene units formed a Saturn-shaped complex with fullerene C70 as the ellipsoidal guest. The association constant of the host-guest complex was determined by the NMR titration method to be 4.6 × 103 L mol−1, twice than observed for the C60 counterpart. X-ray analysis revealed that the guest molecule was included in the center of the cavity in nearly standing orientation, whereas DFT calculations predicted the complexation in various orientations. In any complex structure, CH⋯π interactions play an important role in forming the ring–body supramolecular system. The intraannular hydrogen atoms in the ring moiety were deshielded upon complexation, and this phenomenon is discussed on the basis of the NMR shielding of C70 and the calculated structures. In spite of the different relative orientations of C70, the host-guest formation strength remains similar exposing the great versatility of the host capabilities against non-spherical fullerenes.
Motor Strategies Learned during Pain Are Sustained upon Pain-free Reexposure to Task
Authors: SALOMONI SAURO E. , MARINOVIC WELBER , CARROLL TIMOTHY J. , HODGES PAUL W. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Pain affects movement planning and execution, and may interfere with the ability to learn new motor skills. Variations among previous studies suggest task-specific effects of pain on the initial acquisition and subsequent retention of motor strategies.

Methods
The present study assessed how acute pain in the anterior deltoid muscle affects movement accuracy of fast arm-reaching movements during force field perturbations and upon immediate pain-free repetition of the same task.

Results
Despite having slower initial rate of improvement, individuals who experienced pain during training achieved the same final performance as pain-free controls. However, pain altered the strategy of muscle activation adopted to perform the task, which involved less activity of the shoulder and arm muscles. Strikingly, motor strategies developed during the first exposure to the force field were retained upon reexposure to the same perturbation after resolution of pain.

Conclusions
Although reduced muscle activation may be interpreted as metabolically efficient, it reduces joint stability and can have negative consequences for joint integrity. These results demonstrate that alternative motor strategies developed in the presence of pain can be maintained when training is resumed after resolution of pain. This effect could have deleterious consequences if it applies when learning motor skills in sports training and rehabilitation.
Exercise Intensity Matters in Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain Rehabilitation
Authors: VERBRUGGHE JONAS , AGTEN ANOUK , STEVENS SJOERD , HANSEN DOMINIQUE , DEMOULIN CHRISTOPHE , O. EIJNDE BERT , VANDENABEELE FRANK , TIMMERMANS ANNICK 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Exercise therapy (ET) is advocated as a treatment for chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP). However, therapy effect sizes remain low. In other chronic disorders, training at higher intensity has resulted in greater improvements on both general health related and disease specific outcomes compared to lower-intensity ET. Possibly, high-intensity training also improves effect sizes in CNSLBP.

Objective
To compare the effects of a high-intensity ET program with a similar moderate-intensity ET program on disability, pain, function, exercise capacity, and abdominal/back muscle strength in persons with CNSLBP.

Methods
In a randomized controlled trial, persons with CNSLBP performed a 12-wk ET program (24 sessions, 1.5 h per session, twice per week) at high-intensity training (HIT) or moderate-intensity training (MIT). Questionnaires to assess disability (Modified Oswestry Index [MODI]), pain intensity (Numeric Pain Rating Scale), and function (Patient Specific Functioning Scale), a cardiopulmonary exercise test to assess exercise capacity (V˙O2max, cycling time), and a maximum isometric muscle strength test to assess abdominal/back muscle strength (maximum muscle torque) were administered at baseline and after the training program.

Results
Thirty-eight participants (HIT: n = 19, MIT: n = 19) were included (mean age, 44.1 yr, SD = 9.8, 12 males). Groups did not differ at baseline. Between group differences (P < 0.01) in favor of HIT were found for MODI, V˙O2max, and cycling time. Within group improvements (P < 0.01) were found in both groups on MODI (HIT:−64%, MIT:−33%), Numeric Pain Rating Scale (HIT, −56%; MIT, −39%), Patient-Specific Functioning Scale (HIT:+37%, MIT:+39%), V˙O2max (HIT:+14, MIT:+4%), cycling time (HIT:+18%, MIT:+13%), and back muscle strength (HIT:+10%, MIT:+14%).

Conclusions
High-intensity training proved to be a feasible, well tolerated, and effective therapy modality in CNSLBP. Moreover, it shows greater improvements on disability and exercise capacity than a similar ET performed at moderate intensity.
Pidotimod in the treatment of pediatric recurrent respiratory tract infection
Authors: Li Xia , Li Qingfang , Wang Xudong , Lu Man , Shen Jingjing , Meng Qingmei 
Published: July 2019

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of pidotimod in the treatment of recurrent respiratory tract infection in children.
Methods: One hundred thirty-two patients with recurrent respiratory tract infection who received treatment in Tianan City Central Hospital were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group using random number table, 66 in each group. Patients in the control group were given conventional treatment, while patients in the observation group were given conventional treatment and pidotimod treatment; the clinical efficacy of the two therapies was compared. The levels of IgG and IgM were measured after treatment.
Results: The vital signs and the content of inflammatory mediator and Th1/Th2 in serum before and after treatment were compared, and the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated. The fever, pulmonary rale, cough and antiadoncus of patients in the observation group disappeared earlier than those in the control group (P<0.05). The onset duration of respiratory tract infection and days of antibiotic application of the observation group were shorter than those of the control group after treatment (P<0.05). The times of infection of the observation group were less than that of the control group (P<0.05). Before treatment, the two groups had no significant difference in the content of inflammatory mediators and Th1/Th2 in the serum (P>0.05). The serum content of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-4 of the two groups one week after treatment was lower than that before treatment, and the content of interferon (IFN)-γ and IFN-γ/IL-4 were higher than that before treatment; moreover the observation group had lower serum content of TFN-α and IL-4 and lower content of IFN-γ and IFN-γ/IL-4 compared to the control group (P<0.05). The overall response rate of the observation group was 92.4%, much higher than 81.8% in the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Pidotimod has a remarkable efficacy in the treatment of pediatric recurrent respiratory tract infection because it can effectively inhibit the infection and optimize Th1/Th2 immune function.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.82
How to cite this:Li X, Li Q, Wang X, Lu M, Shen J, Meng Q. Pidotimod in the treatment of pediatric recurrent respiratory tract infection. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(4):981-986. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.82
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Adopting a logical framework model to help achieve a balanced and healthy vaccine R&D portfolio
Authors: Lalani Bhoomi , Sobti Sourabh 
Published: July 2019

Vaccines are currently the 5th biggest therapy area with global sales for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines to be ~ $30B, which is expected to increase to $45B by 2024. Immunization is globally recognized as one of the best investments to improve health, with impact lasting beyond saving 2-3M lives every year with benefits accrued over a lifetime. Enterprise value of any R&D company is a cumulative sum of its projects and proprietary technologies. Hence organizations need to continuously evaluate their portfolios to review the health of projects as changes in external environment may impact project viability. Simultaneously, addition of any new project in a company’s portfolio is a significant investment and needs to be evaluated using an objective multi-parametric framework. In this pursuit, Hilleman Labs, an equal joint venture by MSD and Wellcome Trust, has created a logical framework to evaluate potential vaccine candidates before they are added to the portfolio.
Psychometric properties of the self-efficacy for therapeutic mode use tool in a mixed sample of occupational therapists: a pilot study
Authors: Yazdani Farzaneh , Bonsaksen Tore 
Published: July 2019

Background/A Skills that enable the maintenance of productive relationships with clients are an essential aspect of therapeutic practice and include the use of therapeutic modes appropriate to clients' needs. The therapist requires a certain level of self-efficacy in order to use therapeutic modes in client–therapist interactions. Recently, a tool was developed to assess therapists' self-efficacy in the use of therapeutic modes. The structure of factors within and internal consistency of the self-efficacy for therapeutic mode use tool was examined. Methods Occupational therapists (n=51) from the UK and Iran completed the self-efficacy for therapeutic mode use assessment tool and provided sociodemographic information. The structure of factors was examined using principal component analysis and parallel analysis; internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's α and inter-item correlation. Results Parallel analysis suggested that the preferred structure has only one factor, explaining 55.2% of data variance. The items' factor loadings ranged between 0.67 and 0.80, and the scale had a Chronbach α of 0.83. Conclusions The sum of the scale scores can be useful in occupational therapy research and audits focusing on self-efficacy in the use of therapeutic modes in practice.
Is Two-Dimensional Video A Valid And Reliable Measure Of Three-Dimensional Kinematics In Runners With Patellofemoral Pain?
Authors: Neal Bradley Stephen , Lack Simon David , Barton Christian John , Birn-Jeffrey Alexandra , Miller Stuart , Morrissey Dylan 
Published: July 2019

Background/Aims Peak hip adduction and knee flexion during running are associated with patellofemoral pain persistence, representing treatment targets. Clinical practice is lacking a validated, reliable tool with which to measure these kinematics. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of clinical gait analysis, by investigating concurrent validity, intra- and inter-rater reliability of two-dimensional video. Methods A total of 21 participants with patellofemoral pain were recruited (10 males, 11 females). Synchronised three-dimensional and two-dimensional kinematic data were collected during over-groundrunning. Two-dimensional videos were analysed with the Hudl Technique application using a commercially available tablet (iPad). Single measure intraclass coreelation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated using a two-way mixed effects model with absolute agreement. Three-dimensional peak hip internal rotation was investigated as a covariate with backward linear regression, using the F change statistic. Results There was poor agreement between three-dimensional and two-dimensional measurement of peak hip adduction (ICC 0.06) and peak knee flexion (ICC 0.42). Moderate intra-rater reliability was identified for both variables (ICC 0.61–0.65). Inter-rater reliability for peak knee flexion was moderate (ICC 0.71), but was poor for peak hip adduction (ICC 0.31). Three-dimensional peak hip internal rotation did not significantly explain the identified poor agreement for either variable. Conclusions Poor agreement between three-dimensional kinematics and two-dimensional video was identified for both variables in runners with patellofemoral pain, despite acceptable intra-rater reliability. Investigation of software with increased precision is warranted, to improve the accuracy of two-dimensional video predicting three-dimensional kinematics in the clinical setting. Clinical gait analysis using the Hudl Technique application is not currently advocated.
Moralistic versus compassionate portrayals of prostitution in Moroccan cinema: the case of Casablanca by Night versus Much Loved
Authors: Cheikh Mériam , Peralta-García Lidia 
Published: July 2019

En los medios de comunicación marroquíes, la figura de la prostituta ha pasado a ser un icono cultural. Este artículo analiza desde una perspectiva comparada dos formas diferentes de representación en dos películas marroquíes: Casablanca by Night (Mostafa Darkaoui, 2003) y Much Loved (Nabyl Ayouch, 2016). En el primer caso la figura de la prostituta se corresponde con la idea hegemónica y moral que el gran público tiene sobre la prostitución en Marruecos. En el segundo caso se lleva a cabo un retrato extraído de la experiencia directa de las prostitutas. El principal objetivo de este artículo es definir temas prevalentes como el delito, la inmoralidad, la probreza, la enfermedad y la violencia, que normalmente se asocian con la prostitución en Marruecos a través de los medios de comunicación. Nuestro segundo objetivo es analizar como estos temas se despliegan de forma diferente en estas dos películas y porqué dieron lugar a una fuerte controversia social en el caso de la segunda. Argumentaremos que CBN utiliza “mecanismos de neutralización” de carácter cinematográfico y social. ML, por el contrario, adopta una perspectiva realista. A mayor nivel de realismo y de representación moderna de la prostitución, mayor nivel de controversia social y polarización.
DETERMINATION OF THE CONTENT OF XANTONS AND THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF THE SUPERTHE EARTH AND EXTRACT IRIS LACTEA PALL
Authors: Antipova Ekaterina Alekseevna , Leites Elena Anatolyevna 
Published: July 2019

Iris lactea Pall (milky-white iris) belongs to the genus Iris L. of the Corridaceae family Iridaceae. In the form of an herb or an extract of Iris lactea Pall is found in some dietary supplements, it is included in the Alpizarin ointment, used as an antiviral agent. The use of antiviral drugs of plant origin is the safest method of treatment, given that about 90% of the population is affected by herpes. Data on the elemental composition of herbs and extracts of Iris lactea Pall are absent in the literature.
The purpose of the work is to determine the content of xanthones and the elemental composition of the herb and the dry extract of Iris lactea Pall.
The article presents the results of the determination of the main groups of active substances. The quantitative content of Cu, Fe, Ca, Co, Ti, Se, V, P, B, Na, Mg, K, Al, Ba, Sb, Ag, Sr, Sn, Mo, was determined by the method of atomic emission spectrometry with an ionically coupled plasma. Ni, Cd, Pb, As, Zn, Be, Mn, Cr, while the content of heavy metals and arsenic in the grass and extract does not exceed their maximum allowable content in medicinal herbal preparations. The following methods were determined by thin layer chromatography: Xanthone alpizarin and flavonoids rutin and quercetin. The method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the presence of alpizarin and related xanthones.
According to the developed method for the determination of xanthones by the HPLC method proposed in this article, the highest content of xanthones, in terms of alpizarin, is in the grass milky white – 1.14%, and in the dry extract – 1.79%.
Milk-White Iris extract and herb are a promising source for the development of drugs that suppress the reproduction of the herpes simplex virus and its subtypes.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND pН LEVEL ON PROPETIES OF COLLOIDAL SOLUTIONS OF ZnSe AND CdSe QUANTUM DOTS IN THE SHELL OF CHITOSAN
Authors: Beznosyuk Sergey Aleksandrovich , Shtobbe Irina Andreevna , Novikova Anna Sergeyevna 
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we present a technique for the synthesis of colloidal quantum dots ZnSe and CdSe in an aqueous medium stabilized with a solution of chitosan at different pH values, and also studies of the properties of the resulting solutions as a function of temperature and acidity of the medium. It has been established that as the pH is increased in the region of 4.50−5.45, the amount of light transmission of colloidal solutions of quantum dots in the shell of chitosan increases, both in the case of zinc selenide and in the case of cadmium selenide. The effect of the medium acidity on the kinematic viscosity of the colloidal obtained solutions was studied. It has been established that the kinematic viscosity of colloidal solutions of ZnSe and CdSe quantum dots decreases with increasing pH of the medium in the region of 4.50−5.45: in both cases, there is a sharp drop in the kinematic viscosity in the region of 4.50–4.75 and a smoother decrease in the range of 4.75–5.25. It is shown that the stabilizing effect of chitosan in colloidal solutions of semiconductor nanoparticles depends on the temperature. The most stable in time are colloidal solutions prepared at a temperature of 35, 40 and 45 °C, in which the decrease in the light transmission in time was the smallest. Solutions synthesized at temperature 25 °С, as well as at higher temperatures (35, 40, 45 и 70 °С), did not show strong aggregative stability.