bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Research on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Helium-Xenon Mixture in 19-Rod Bundle
Authors: Xu Lisha , Qiu Zicheng , Xu Jianjun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Helium-xenon mixture is one of the coolant options for high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGR). As an important factor affecting reactor core design, the convective heat transfer performance of the coolant has always been the focus of research on HTGR. The helium-xenon mixture is a low Prandtl number gas, and its thermodynamic properties deviate from the ideal gas equation. Based on the experimental parameters in the literature, this study used FLUENT to construct a CFD model, and introduced the polynomial function obtained by fitting the physical property data calculated by the Tournier formula into the model. By comparing the wall temperature, fluid center temperature and average temperature in the experimental results and simulation results, the effects and errors of different turbulence models and particle transport models on the convective heat transfer results of helium-xenon mixture are studied. It is found that the standard k-ϵ model can well simulate the flow and heat transfer process of helium-xenon mixture in the tube, and the maximum local temperature difference does not exceed 5%. Based on this research, a helium-xenon mixture flow heat transfer model of 19-rod bundle is established. This study observe the convective heat transfer process of helium-xenon mixture under extreme conditions and reference helium-xenon reactor design parameters, and explore the changes in the average Nu number, local Nu number, and frictional resistance coefficient with temperature, pressure, and flow field. It provides a reference for the design and optimization of future HTGR.
OECD-NEA Expert Group on Reactor Systems Multi-Physics: Development of Verification and Validation Guidelines for Multi-Physics Simulations
Authors: Valentine Timothy E. , Ivanov Evgeny , Ivanov Kostadin , Petruzzi Alessandro , Avramova Maria , Hursin Mathieu , Buss Oliver 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Over the past decades, national and multi-national efforts have been established to develop high-fidelity, multi-physics, and multi-scale modeling and simulation (M&S) tools for design and safety challenges for existing and advanced reactors. These tools are being developed and utilized to provide predictive capabilities that enhance safety, improve designs, and accelerate innovation. An expert group on reactor systems multi-physics (EGMUP) was established in 2014 by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) to address specific challenges with validation of such M&S tools with the intent to provide member countries of the NEA with consensus guidance and recommendations and to demonstrate the application of the validation principles. The EGMUP supervises several multi-physics benchmark exercises to develop and demonstrate best practices for validation. This paper will describe the overall mission of the group, provide a description of several of the validation exercises relevant to existing reactor technologies, and summarize key recommendations for validation approaches.
A Kind of Shielding Design and Verification Test of Radioactive Source Transport Container
Authors: Chen Lei , Wang ZhiPeng , Jiao LiMing , Zhuang DaJie , Sun Qian , Wang ChangWu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A transport container for radioactive sources has been meticulously designed to facilitate the global transfer of radioactive materials from storage facilities to end-users. In compliance with the stipulations outlined in GB 11806 and the IAEA SSR-6, the radiation dose of the container was meticulously calculated under both normal transport conditions and accident scenarios. Shielding tests were conducted both at the manufacturing site and post-manufacturing. The results of these tests indicated that the surface dose rate was 289 μSv/h prior to testing, which increased to 299.34 μSv/h after testing. Additionally, the radiation level at a distance of 1 meter from the package was measured at 31.59 μ Sv/h. Both the computational and experimental outcomes confirm that the shielding design of the transport container adheres to the relevant standards set forth by GB 11806 and SSR-6.
Pan‐Cancer Analysis Reveals PRIM2 as a Potential Biomarker for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Immunomodulatory
Authors: Zhang Xi , Zhang Yuanyu , Liu Leheng , Gong Zheng , Zhou Kecheng 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: DNA primase subunit 2 (PRIM2) is a component of the DNA polymerase α‐primase complex involved in DNA replication. Previous studies have implicated PRIM2 in cancer progression, but a comprehensive pan‐cancer analysis is lacking. Here, we systematically analyzed PRIM2 across various cancer types to elucidate its potential role in cancer biology.Methods: The expression data of PRIM2 was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype‐Tissue Expression Project (GTEx) databases. A range of bioinformatics tools were employed to analyze the expression of PRIM2 with the correlation of clinical data, diagnosis, prognosis, subtypes, immunomodulatory, and drug sensitivity. Further validation experiments were performed in HT‐29 and HepG2 cell lines.Results: PRIM2 expression was elevated in most tumor tissues, indicating its potential diagnostic value. Elevated PRIM2 levels affected prognosis and survival and varied with clinical status. Mutations and methylation events drove the aberrant expression of PRIM2 in various cancers. Furthermore, PRIM2 was linked to key immunoregulatory genes such as PD‐L1 and infiltration of Th2 cells in tumor tissues. Our findings suggested that PRIM2 is correlated to immunotherapy and may be sensitive to specific small molecule PLK1 inhibitors. Knocking down PRIM2 in HT‐29 and HepG2 cell lines reduced their proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition.Conclusion: This research highlights the potential of PRIM2 as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and as a target for immunomodulatory therapy, offering valuable insights for clinical applications.
“Todos os desaparecimentos são forçados”: entrevista com May-ek Querales e Blanca Martínez
Authors: Araújo Fábio , Azevedo Desirée de Lemos , Rodrigues Lorrane Campos 
Published: November 2024

Entrevista realizada por Fábio Araújo (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz); Desirée de Lemos Azevedo (Centro de Antropologia e Arqueologia Forense/Unifesp) e Lorrane Campos Rodrigues (Centro de Antropologia e Arqueologia Forense/Unifesp) com as pesquisadoras May-ek Querales, doutora em antropologia social, pesquisadora do tema das migrações forçadas e sua relação com o desaparecimento de pessoas no México, atualmente, compõe a Assembléia de Coordenação do Grupo de Investigaciones en Antropología Social y Forense (GIASF); e, Blanca Martínez, defensora de direitos humanos, diretora do Centro Diocesano para los Derechos Humanos Fray Juan de Larios, e assessora das Fuerzas Unidas por Nuestros Desaparecidos en Coahuila y México.
Experimental Manipulation of the Bilateral Posterior Parietal Cortex Strengthens Associative Memory in Healthy Participants: A Continuous Theta-burst Stimulation
Authors: Cheng Lulu , Li Xinzhao , Hao Zeqi , Li Jing , Zhao Mengqi , Zhan Linlin , Li Mengting , Gu Haiyan , Jia Xize 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To test whether targeting left and right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) with continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) in healthy adults would strengthen associative memory (AM) performance. This study consisted of two experiments (a behavioral experiment and a formal experiment during each of the two experimental sessions). In Experiment 1, 18 adults (one male, ages = 22.83 ± 3.92 years) were included in the behavioral phase and 18 adults (seven male, ages = 40.11 ± 12.27 years) in the stimulation phase. There were 120 neutral facial images paired with 120 two-character nouns and then divided into six test versions (10 male faces and 10 female faces paired with 20 different nouns were considered as one version). In the behavioral experiment, participants were tested by six-version tests to assess memory materials, and in the formal experiment, participants' face–word AM performance was measured by certified tests based on a cued recall paradigm. Furthermore, 30 adults (seven male, ages = 20.97 ± 1.85 years) and 15 adults (five male, ages = 22.27 ± 1.29 years) participated in Experiment 2, respectively. Stimuli and procedure were the same as in Experiment 1, but the AM test was based on a forced-choice paradigm. Experiment 1 did not yield anticipated outcomes; Experiment 2 showed that cTBS of left and right PPC strengthened the AM performance compared with the control condition. In conclusion, cTBS to left and right PPC improved AM in healthy adults, which provided further experimental evidence for strengthening AM by cTBS.
Prevention of occlusal caries using VanishTM XT: an 18-month follow-up randomized clinical trial
Authors: Baik Alaa , Alamoudi Najlaa , Felemban Osama , El-Housseiny Azza , Almabadi Eman , Baik Khadijah , Altuwirqi Amani , Masoud Ibrahim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Aim
To evaluate the effectiveness of a light curable resin-modified glass ionomer varnish (VanishTM XT) in the prevention of occlusal caries compared to topical fluoride varnish in newly erupted first permanent molars over 18 months.

Methods
A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted using a split-mouth design. A total of 53 participants aged 6–9 years with 97 pairs of caries-free newly erupted first permanent molars were enrolled in the study. Each molar in the pair was randomly assigned either to the experimental group, which received the VanishTM XT Extended Contact Varnish, or to the control group, which received topical fluoride varnish (VanishTM 5% Sodium Fluoride White Varnish). Follow-ups were performed at 6, 12, and 18 months to evaluate dental caries development.

Results
At the 6-month follow-up, caries development was significantly higher in the control group (7.8%) than that in the experimental group (0%) (P = 0.031). At the 12-month follow-up, significantly (P = 0.012) more occlusal caries developed in the control group (12.2%) compared to the experimental group (1.2%). At the 18-month follow-up, significantly (P = 0.002) more occlusal caries developed in the control group (14.3%) compared to the experimental group (1.1%).

Conclusion
Compared to fluoride varnish, VanishTM XT was significantly more effective in preventing caries on the occlusal surfaces of newly erupted first permanent molars at 6, 12, and 18 months.

Trial registration
Registration number at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04579536 on 08/10/ 2020, retrospectively registered.
What can be done to ease the transition to becoming a new paediatric registrar?
Authors: Long Sarah A. , Alam Shouja M. A. , Allery Lynne A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The transition period of becoming a new paediatric registrar has limited study. Consequently, the learning needs of such trainees are unclear including educational interventions that may improve the process. This qualitative study examined the negative and positive experiences of transitioning paediatric trainees to identify learning needs and subsequently derive educational interventions that are perceived to ease transition.

Methods
This was a qualitative study of semi-structured interviews with Wales deanery paediatric speciality trainees 3 and 4 (ST3 and ST4) undergoing transition to registrar. Participants were asked to recall one positive and one negative experience during transition using the critical incident technique (CIT). Transcribed responses were coded and thematically analysed and categorised into higher and lower order themes.

Results
Six paediatric trainees were interviewed for the study. A total of eighteen codes relating to learning needs were identified and dichotomised into two higher order themes; clinical skills, and leadership and management skills, with further exploration into lower order themes. Clinical skills included child protection procedures, difficult communication with relatives, emergencies, childhood death, difficult procedures, tertiary level neonatal care, managing family anxiety and expectations, dealing with uncertainty and running clinics. Leadership and management skills involved clinical decision making by new registrars, leading ward rounds, managing workload, leading a team and supervising junior colleagues. For educational interventions, sixty-seven initial codes were recorded and combined to form thirty-two lower order themes under six higher order themes. This outlined six educational interventions perceived to ease the transition to the registrar grade including; acting up whilst a senior house officer, seniors providing feedback, seniors providing support, staff providing support, trainee familiarisation with the new registrar placement and trainees maximising SHO learning opportunities.

Conclusions
This study provided a grounding upon which further research can be based, by identifying learning needs within the themes of clinical skills and leadership and management skills, as well as providing further descriptions of perceived beneficial educational interventions that ease transition to paediatric registrar. Furthermore, this study proposes evidence-based recommendations involving five key stakeholders to improve the experience of transition for future trainees. These stakeholders include; trainees, seniors, educators, nursing staff and rota coordinators.
Patient-centered care in pulmonary fibrosis: access, anticipate, and act
Authors: Hofman Delian E. , Magrì Tonia , Moor Catharina C. , Richeldi Luca , Wijsenbeek Marlies S. , Waseda Yuko 
Published: November 2024

AbstractComprehensive care integrates individual patient needs and is highly valued for patients with pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The importance of a patient-centered care approach is rooted in the unpredictable progressiveness of the disease course in PF. The respiratory impairment associated with PF has a major impact on the quality of life for both patients and their caregivers. We believe that prioritizing patient preferences could improve the shared decision making process and may ultimately lead to better health outcomes. Despite the growing emphasis for this approach, it remains challenging to adopt it in clinical practice. In this review, we propose the comprehensive Triple A Care Model, consisting of the domains Access, Anticipate, and Act, which emphasizes core elements of patient-centered care for patients with PF. We will provide an overview of the unmet needs in care for patients with PF and elaborate on the current methods for delivering patient-centered care. The latest insights into symptom management and supportive measures and several approaches to improving access to care are discussed, in line with the most recent guidelines.
The role of economic evaluation in modelling public health and social measures for pandemic policy: a systematic review
Authors: Rossiter Shania , Howe Samantha , Szanyi Joshua , Trauer James M. , Wilson Tim , Blakely Tony 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Dynamic transmission models are often used to provide epidemiological guidance for pandemic policy decisions. However, how economic evaluation is typically incorporated into this technique to generate cost-effectiveness estimates of pandemic policy responses has not previously been reviewed.

Methods
We systematically searched the Embase, PubMed and Scopus databases for dynamic epidemiological modelling studies that incorporated economic evaluation of public health and social measures (PHSMs), with no date restrictions, on 7 July 2024.

Results
Of the 2,719 screened studies, 51 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies (n = 42, 82%) modelled SARS-CoV-2. A range of PHSMs were examined, including school closures, testing/screening, social distancing and mask use. Half of the studies utilised an extension of a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) compartmental model. The most common type of economic evaluation was cost-effectiveness analysis (n = 24, 47%), followed by cost-utility analysis (n = 17, 33%) and cost–benefit analysis (n = 17, 33%).

Conclusions
Economic evaluation is infrequently incorporated into dynamic epidemiological modelling studies of PHSMs. The scope of this research should be expanded, given the substantial cost implications of pandemic PHSM policy responses.
Deciphering the microbial communities in ticks of Inner Mongolia: ecological determinants and pathogen profiles
Authors: Li Chunfu , Ma Rui , Gao Ai , Jiang Na , Sang Chunli , Zhang Yanli , Tian Haoqiang , Li Jian , Hu Wei , Feng Xinyu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Ticks are vectors of numerous pathogens, with their bacterial composition, abundance, diversity, and interaction influencing both their growth and disease transmission efficiency. Despite the abundance of ticks in Inner Mongolia, China, comprehensive data on their microbial communities are lacking. This study aims to analyze the microbial communities within ticks from Inner Mongolia to inform innovative control strategies for interrupting pathogen transmission.

Methods
Tick samples were collected from animals and vegetation in multiple locations across Inner Mongolia and stored at − 80 °C. Ticks were identified using morphological keys and molecular biology methods. Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on collected samples. Bacterial community composition and diversity were mainly analyzed using bioinformatic tools such as QIIME, phyloseq, and DESeq2. Alpha diversity was assessed using Chao1, ACE, and Shannon indices, while beta diversity was evaluated using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrices. LEfSe analysis was applied to identify taxa associated with ecological and biological variables.

Results
A total of 5,048,137 high-quality read counts were obtained, forming an average of 789.3 OTUs per sample. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla. Bacterial community composition varied significantly with geography, with Dermacentor nuttalli showing a higher abundance of Rickettsia in Xilingol League, while other regions had different dominant genera. The microbial community also differed based on the feeding status of ticks. Additionally, the microbiota of engorged ticks showed organ specificity. Pathogen detection efforts revealed the presence of nine pathogens across all three tick species. D. nuttalli was found to carry a significantly higher burden of pathogenic bacteria, making it the most potentially threatening tick species in Inner Mongolia.

Conclusions
The study highlights significant variations in tick microbiomes influenced by geographic location, feeding status, and tick species. It underscores the importance of enhancing tick and tick-borne disease surveillance in Inner Mongolia for early detection and control of emerging pathogens.

Graphical Abstract
Real-time modeling of transient crustal deformation through the quantification of uncertainty deduced from GNSS data
Authors: Ohno Keitaro , Ohta Yusaku , Takamatsu Naofumi , Munekane Hiroshi , Iguchi Masato 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe propose a new method for real-time uncertainty monitoring of earthquake and volcano source models using data from the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and explore its application concerning observation station placement. The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan operates two main types of GNSS earth observation network system (GEONET) coordinates for crustal deformation monitoring on different time scales: post-processing analysis values and real-time GEONET analysis system for rapid deformation monitoring (REGARD). REGARD uses the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method termed real-time automatic uncertainty estimation of a coseismic single rectangular model using GNSS data (RUNE) for single rectangular fault model estimation to handle uncertainty. Thus far, no GNSS monitoring system can automatically detect transient crustal deformation events, such as volcanic activity and earthquake swarms, on timescales of a day or less. We extended RUNE and developed a core program for a new monitoring system for earthquake and volcanic source models and their uncertainties. Our program achieved automatic and stable MCMC utilization for rectangular fault, dike, Mogi, and spheroid models by increasing the computational speed, improving search efficiency, and adjusting hyperparameters. The program automatically determines the standard deviation of the likelihood function assuming a normal distribution with weights for each observation station. The calculation time was within 15 s for 1 × 106 samples on a standard 1U server. We assessed the reliability of the developed method using synthetic and observed GNSS data from the 2015 Sakurajima volcanic event. The results were consistent with the assumed model and previous studies and indicated an advantage in automatically quantifying uncertainty in a short computation time. Based on MCMC samples, we developed a new visualization algorithm to indicate areas on a map in which the number of observation stations should be expanded. We assessed the reliability using data from the 2023 Noto Peninsula earthquake [Mj 6.5]. The results indicate that the algorithm is helpful in studying the placement of stations. The above model extensions and their application are essential to achieve a rapid quantitative understanding of disaster events near urban areas and for utilizing this information in emergency response activities.
Graphical Abstract
Investigating the hypothermic effects of fluoroquinolone antimicrobials on non-bacterial fever model mice
Authors: Hara Ryohei , Taguchi Kazuaki , Ogino Hiromi , Okamoto Yuko , Enoki Yuki , Kizu Junko , Hori Seiji , Matsumoto Kazuaki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Fluoroquinolone (FQ) antimicrobials have antipyretic effects during the treatment of bacterial infections; however, it is not clear whether these are due to their antimicrobial activities or their hypothermic effects. In this study, we investigated the hypothermic effects of FQ antimicrobials (ciprofloxacin [CPFX], gatifloxacin [GFLX], and levofloxacin [LVFX]) on fever by evaluating rectal body temperature changes in a mouse model of non-bacterial fever.

Methods
CPFX, GFLX, and LVFX were administered intraperitoneally to non-bacterial fever model mice induced by yeast. Rectal body temperature was measured up to 180 min after administration.

Results
A decrease in rectal body temperature of up to 1.2 °C for CPFX, 3.4 °C for GFLX, and 1.0 °C for LVFX was observed. The decrease in temperature was induced by an increase in the plasma concentration of FQ antimicrobials, suggesting that they are responsible for the temperature reduction. Focusing on glucocorticoids, one thermoregulation mechanism, we investigated the substances responsible for the reduction in rectal body temperature induced by FQ antimicrobials. Aminoglutethimide (an inhibitor of glucocorticoid production) were premedicated, followed by intraperitoneal administration of GFLX in the yeast-induced fever mouse model, resulting in attenuated GFLX-induced hypothermic effects.

Conclusions
These results suggest that certain antipyretic effects of CPFX, GFPX, and LVFX during fever may contribute to their hypothermic effects; certain mechanisms are glucocorticoid-mediated.