bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Southwestern Intermittent and Ephemeral Stream Connectivity
Authors: Goodrich D.C. , Kepner W.G. , Levick L.R. , Wigington P.J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEphemeral and intermittent streams are abundant in the arid and semiarid landscapes of the Western and Southwestern United States (U.S.). Connectivity of ephemeral and intermittent streams to the relatively few perennial reaches through runoff is a major driver of the ecohydrology of the region. These streams supply water, sediment, nutrients, and biota to downstream reaches and rivers. In addition, they provide runoff to recharge alluvial and regional groundwater aquifers that support baseflow in perennial mainstem stream reaches over extended periods when little or no precipitation occurs. Episodic runoff, as well as groundwater inflow to surface water in streams support limited naturally occurring riparian communities. This paper provides an overview and comprehensive examination of factors affecting the hydrologic, chemical, and ecological connectivity of ephemeral and intermittent streams on perennial or intermittent rivers in the arid and semiarid Southwestern U.S. Connectivity as influenced and moderated through the physical landscape, climate, and human impacts to downstream waters or rivers is presented first at the broader Southwestern scale, and secondly drawing on a specific and more detailed example of the San Pedro Basin due to its history of extensive observations and research in the basin. A wide array of evidence clearly illustrates hydrologic, chemical, and ecological connectivity of ephemeral and intermittent streams throughout stream networks.
Efficacy and safety of a second‐generation biodegradable polymer sirolimus‐eluting stent: One‐year results of the CREDIT 2 trial
Authors: Xu Kai , Han Yaling , Xu Bo , Yang Yuejin , Wang Geng , Li Hui , Sun Yong , Tao Ling , Wang Haichang , Yuan Zuyi , Liu Huiliang , Liu Jinghua , Jia Yongping , Ma Genshan , Fu Guosheng , Li Xiaodong , Li Shuren , Wang Shouli , Pu Kui ,   the CREDIT 2 Investigators
Published: March 2018

SummaryAimsWe performed a multicenter, randomized controlled trial to determine the noninferiority of a novel biodegradable polymer drug‐eluting stent (BP‐DES), the EXCEL 2 stent, to the first‐generation BP‐DES, the EXCEL stent.Methods and ResultsPatients (n = 419) scheduled to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were randomized to receive either the EXCEL 2 stent (n = 208) or the EXCEL stent (n = 211) from 15 Chinese centers. At 9 months, primary endpoint in‐stent late loss (LL) difference was −0.03 mm (95% confidence interval: −0.09 mm to 0.04 mm) between the EXCEL 2 group (0.14 ± 0.26 mm) and the EXCEL group (0.16 ± 0.36 mm), demonstrating the noninferiority of EXCEL 2 to EXCEL in terms of in‐stent LL (P for noninferiority < .0001). Besides, target lesion failure (TLF) was statistically lower in EXCEL 2 group compared with EXCEL through 1 year (HR [95%CI] = 0.45 [0.20,0.98], Plog‐rank = .04). Definite/probable ST was observed in 0.0% vs 1.9% (P = .12) of EXCEL 2 vs EXCEL‐treated subjects.ConclusionsThe second‐generation BP‐DES (EXCEL 2) was noninferior to the first‐generation BP‐DES (EXCEL) for the primary endpoint of in‐stent LL at 9 months.Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02057978.
Impact of Jahnigen/GEMSSTAR Scholarships on Careers of Recipients in Emergency Medicine and on Development of Geriatric Emergency Medicine
Authors: Rosen Tony , Shah Manish , Lundebjerg Nancy E. , Singh Cynthia , McMillian Melissa , Sarli Cathy C. , Suiter Amy M. , Lee Andrew G. , Burton John R. , Carpenter Christopher R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Jahnigen Career Development Awards program was launched in 2002 with private funding and transformed into the Grants for Early Medical/Surgical Specialists' Transition to Aging Research (GEMSSTAR) program in 2011 through support from the National Institute on Aging and medical specialty professional societies. The Jahnigen/GEMSSTAR program has provided grants to early career physician‐scientists from 10 surgical and related medical specialties to initiate and sustain research careers in the geriatric aspect of their discipline. From 2002 to 2016, there were 20 Jahnigen/GEMSSTAR recipients in emergency medicine (EM). The goal of this investigation was to examine the impact of Jahnigen/GEMSSTAR awards on careers of EM recipients and on development of academic geriatric EM.MethodsWe conducted an online survey of the 20 EM recipients from 2002 to 2016 and analyzed their academic productivity, research impact, career trajectory, and contributions to geriatric EM since receiving the award.ResultsAll 20 Jahnigen/GEMSSTAR scholars completed the survey. Scholars have published a median of 33 peer‐reviewed articles (interquartile range [IQR] = 10–97) since the award, with median annual publication rates of 4.5 (IQR = 1.6–7.0). All scholars had h‐indices of 6 or more, with a median of 18 (IQR = 9–28). Jahnigen/GEMSSTAR scholars have served as principal investigator (PI) or co‐PI on 126 grants since their award, with 90% having served as PI on at least one additional grant and 30% having received National Institutes of Health Career Development Awards. All scholars reported believing that the Jahnigen/GEMSSTAR was very helpful or helpful for career progress. Most (85%) reported ongoing contributions to geriatric EM in research, education, or administration.ConclusionsAfter the Jahnigen/GEMSSTAR award, EM scholars have been highly academically productive and successful, and the award has been instrumental in their career development. Awardees have been critical to the development of geriatric EM.
Lipopolysaccharide and cAMP modify placental calcitriol biosynthesis reducing antimicrobial peptides gene expression
Authors: Olmos‐Ortiz Andrea , García‐Quiroz Janice , Avila Euclides , Caldiño‐Soto Felipe , Halhali Ali , Larrea Fernando , Díaz Lorenza 
Published: March 2018

ProblemCalcitriol, the hormonal form of vitamin D3 (VD), stimulates placental antimicrobial peptides expression; nonetheless, the regulation of calcitriol biosynthesis in the presence of bacterial products and its consequence on placental innate immunity have scarcely been addressed.Method of studyWe investigated how some bacterial products modify placental VD metabolism and its ability to induce antimicrobial peptides gene expression.ResultsCultured human trophoblasts biosynthesized calcitriol only in the presence of its precursor calcidiol, a process that was inhibited by cyclic‐AMP but stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Intracrine calcitriol upregulated cathelicidin, S100A9, and β‐defensins (HBDs) gene expression, while LPS further stimulated HBD2 and S100A9. Unexpectedly, LPS significantly repressed cathelicidin basal mRNA levels and drastically diminished calcidiol ability to induce it. Meanwhile, cyclic‐AMP, which is used by many microbes to avoid host defenses, suppressed calcitriol biosynthesis, resulting in significant inhibition of most VD‐dependent microbicidal peptides gene expression.ConclusionWhile LPS stimulated calcitriol biosynthesis, cyclic‐AMP inhibited it. LPS downregulated cathelicidin mRNA expression, whereas cyclic‐AMP antagonized VD‐dependent‐upregulation of most antimicrobial peptides. These findings reveal LPS and cyclic‐AMP involvement in dampening placental innate immunity, highlighting the importance of cyclic‐AMP in the context of placental infection and suggesting its participation to facilitate bacterial survival.
The psychology of social class: How socioeconomic status impacts thought, feelings, and behaviour
Authors: Manstead Antony S. R. 
Published: March 2018

Drawing on recent research on the psychology of social class, I argue that the material conditions in which people grow up and live have a lasting impact on their personal and social identities and that this influences both the way they think and feel about their social environment and key aspects of their social behaviour. Relative to middle‐class counterparts, lower/working‐class individuals are less likely to define themselves in terms of their socioeconomic status and are more likely to have interdependent self‐concepts; they are also more inclined to explain social events in situational terms, as a result of having a lower sense of personal control. Working‐class people score higher on measures of empathy and are more likely to help others in distress. The widely held view that working‐class individuals are more prejudiced towards immigrants and ethnic minorities is shown to be a function of economic threat, in that highly educated people also express prejudice towards these groups when the latter are described as highly educated and therefore pose an economic threat. The fact that middle‐class norms of independence prevail in universities and prestigious workplaces makes working‐class people less likely to apply for positions in such institutions, less likely to be selected and less likely to stay if selected. In other words, social class differences in identity, cognition, feelings, and behaviour make it less likely that working‐class individuals can benefit from educational and occupational opportunities to improve their material circumstances. This means that redistributive policies are needed to break the cycle of deprivation that limits opportunities and threatens social cohesion.
Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction assay and peptide nucleic acid‐locked nucleic acid clamp method for RHOA mutation detection in angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Tanzima Nuhat Sharna , Sakata‐Yanagimoto Mamiko , Komori Daisuke , Hattori Keiichiro , Suehara Yasuhito , Fukumoto Kota , Fujisawa Manabu , Kusakabe Manabu , Matsue Kosei , Wakamatsu Hirotake , Shimadzu Mitsunobu , Chiba Shigeru 
Published: March 2018

Angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) is a subtype of nodal peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL). Somatic RHOA mutations, most frequently found at the hotspot site c.50G > T, p.Gly17Val (G17V RHOA mutation) are a genetic hallmark of AITL. Detection of the G17V RHOA mutations assists prompt and appropriate diagnosis of AITL. However, an optimal detection method for the G17V RHOA mutation remains to be elucidated. We compared the sensitivity and concordance of next‐generation sequencing (NGS), droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and peptide nucleic acid‐locked nucleic acid (PNA‐LNA) clamp method for detecting the G17V RHOA mutation. G17V RHOA mutations were identified in 27 of 67 (40.3%) PTCL samples using NGS. ddPCR and PNA‐LNA clamp method both detected G17V mutations in 4 samples in addition to those detected with NGS (31 of 67, 46.3%). Additionally, variant allele frequencies with ddPCR and those with NGS showed high concordance (P < .001). Three other RHOA mutations involving the p.Gly17 position (c.[49G > T;50G > T], p.Gly17Leu in PTCL198; c.[50G > T;51A > C], p.Gly17Val in PTCL216; and c.50G > A, p.Gly17Glu in PTCL223) were detected using NGS. These sequence changes could not appropriately be detected using the ddPCR assay and the PNA‐LNA clamp method although both indicated that the samples might have mutations. In total, 34 out of 67 PTCL samples (50.7%) had RHOA mutations at the p.Gly17 position. In conclusion, our results suggested that a combination of ddPCR/PNA‐LNA clamp methods and NGS are best method to assist the diagnosis of AITL by detecting RHOA mutations at the p.Gly17 position.
Antinociceptive potency of enkephalins and enkephalinase inhibitors in the mouse model of colorectal distension—proof‐of‐concept
Authors: Fabisiak Adam , Sobocińska Małgorzata , Kamysz Elżbieta , Fichna Jakub , Zielińska Marta 
Published: March 2018

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disease characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. Patients with IBS comprise a significant portion of attendants at the outpatient clinics. Targeting intestinal opioid receptors was found successful in alleviating pain and diarrhea—two major symptoms of IBS. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a novel potential pharmacological option: the use of enkephalinase inhibitors in therapy of visceral pain occurring in the course of IBS. We thus assessed the antinociceptive efficacy of enkephalins: Leu‐enkephalin and Met‐enkephalin, and enkephalinase inhibitors: opiorphin and sialorphin in the mouse model of visceral pain induced by colorectal distension. Leu‐enkephalin, Met‐enkephalin, and sialorphin, but not opiorphin, at the dose of 1 mg/kg injected subcutaneously potently decreased the visceromotor response to colon distension as compared to control. To conclude, enkephalinase inhibitors are worth being considered as potential therapeutics in patients with chronic abdominal pain and/or changed bowel habits, that is, suffering from IBS.
Foetal, neonatal and child vitamin D status and enamel hypomineralization
Authors: van der Tas Justin T. , Elfrink Marlies E.C. , Heijboer Annemieke C. , Rivadeneira Fernando , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Tiemeier Henning , Schoufour Josje D. , Moll Henriëtte A. , Ongkosuwito Edwin M. , Wolvius Eppo B. , Voortman Trudy 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesRecent literature suggested that higher vitamin D concentrations in childhood are associated with a lower prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). As tooth development already starts in utero, we aimed to study whether vitamin D status during foetal, postnatal and childhood periods is associated with the presence of hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPMs) and/or MIH at the age of six.MethodsOur study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population‐based, prospective cohort from foetal life onwards in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. HSPMs and MIH were scored from intraoral photographs of the children at their age of six. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured at three points in time, which resulted in three different samples; mid‐gestational in mothers’ blood (n = 4750), in umbilical cord blood (n = 3406) and in children's blood at the age of 6 years (n = 3983).ResultsThe children had a mean (±SD) age of 6.2 (±0.5) years at the moment of taking the intraoral photographs. After adjustment for confounders, no association was found between foetal 25(OH)D concentrations and the presence of HSPMs (OR 1.02 per 10 nmol/L higher 25(OH)D, 95% CI: 0.98‐1.07) or MIH (OR 1.05 per 10 nmol/L increase, 95% CI: 0.98‐1.12) in 6‐year‐olds. A higher 25(OH)D concentration in umbilical cord blood resulted in neither lower odds of having HSPM (OR 1.05, 95% CI: 0.98‐1.13) nor lower odds of having MIH (OR 0.95, 95% CI: 0.84‐1.07) by the age of six. Finally, we did not find higher 25(OH)D concentrations at the age of six to be associated with a significant change in the odds of having HSPM (OR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.92‐1.02) or MIH (OR 1.07, 95% CI: 0.98‐1.16).Conclusions25(OH)D concentrations in prenatal, early postnatal and later postnatal life are not associated with the presence of HPSMs or with MIH at the age of six. Future observational research is required to replicate our findings. Furthermore, it is encouraged to focus on identifying other modifiable risk factors, because prevention of hypomineralization is possible only if the causes are known.
Aberrant intrinsic functional connectivity in thalamo‐cortical networks in major depressive disorder
Authors: Kong Qing‐Mei , Qiao Hong , Liu Chao‐Zhong , Zhang Ping , Li Ke , Wang Li , Li Ji‐Tao , Su Yun'Ai , Li Ke‐Qing , Yan Chao‐Gan , Mitchell Philip B. , Si Tian‐Mei 
Published: March 2018

SummaryObjectiveGrowing evidence has implicated dysfunction of the thalamus and its projection cortical targets in depression. However, the anatomical specificity of thalamo‐cortical connectivity in major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unknown due to the regional heterogeneity of the thalamus and limited methods to examine this.MethodsResting‐state fMRI was collected on 70 MDD patients and 70 healthy controls. The thalamus was parcellated based on connectivity with six predefined cortical regions of interest (ROIs). The segmented thalamic nuclei were used as seeds to map connectivity with the rest of the whole brain. The cortical‐to‐thalamus connectivity values and thalamus‐based connectivity maps were compared between groups.ResultsThe cortical ROIs demonstrated correlations with spatially distinct zones within the thalamus. We found a trend toward reduced parietal ROI‐to‐thalamus connectivity in MDD. Importantly, MDD patients demonstrated reduced connectivity between prefrontal and parietal thalamus ROIs and bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and the right posterior default mode network (DMN) and between the prefrontal and motor thalamus ROIs and lateral temporal regions. Conversely, increased connectivity emerged between the motor thalamus ROI and right MFG and right medial frontal gyrus/anterior cingulate; between motor/somatosensory thalamus ROIs and right posterior DMN; between prefrontal/somatosensory thalamus ROIs and cerebellum; and between the parietal thalamus ROI and left insula.ConclusionsThis study is the first to examine the anatomical specificity of thalamo‐cortical connectivity disturbances in MDD. Subjects with MDD demonstrated altered thalamo‐cortical connectivity characterized by a complex pattern of region‐dependent hypo‐ or hyperconnectivity. We therefore speculate that selectively modulating the connectivity of thalamo‐cortical circuitry may be a potential novel therapeutic mechanism for MDD.
Long‐term effects of traumatic dental injuries of primary dentition on permanent successors: A retrospective study of 596 teeth
Authors: Tewari Nitesh , Mathur Vijay Prakash , Singh Neerja , Singh Subash , Pandey Ramesh Kumar 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground/AimsTraumatic dental injuries of the primary dentition (TDI‐p) have a global prevalence of approximately 11%‐47%. They have immediate and long‐term effects. Original research analysing the long‐term sequelae of TDI‐p on permanent dentition (LSP) are few in number. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between age of TDI‐p, type of TDI‐p and LSP.Material and MethodsRetrospective analysis of patient data from 2008‐2017, reporting with LSP due to TDI‐p, was performed. Uniform protocols and complete radiographic‐photographic records were analysed. There were 638 LSP reported with 596 teeth having complete records.ResultsThere were 286 children with 153 males (53.5%) and 133 females (46.5%). Mean age of TDI‐p causing LSP was 36.57 ± 11.51 months, with severity increasing in the younger age group. The highest number of LSP was associated with avulsion injuries (218, 36.58%), and the odds ratio of the type of TDI‐p affect the severity of LSP was 2.0163. Mean age of reporting was 8.54 ± 2.19 years and was lowest for enamel discolorations. Most LSP were not associated with any associated feature (AF), although impaction was highest among all AF (63, 10.57%).ConclusionAge and type of TDI‐p affect LSP, with the former being the stronger determinant of its severity. Mean age of reporting of LSP is dependent upon both type of LSP and AF. LSP due to TDI‐p can further be graded in terms of severity.
Movement behaviour in adults with haemophilia compared to healthy adults
Authors: Timmer M. A. , Pisters M. F. , de Kleijn P. , de Bie R. A. , Schutgens R. E. G. , Veenhof C. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundLimited research has been published regarding movement behaviour of adult persons with haemophilia (PWH). It is hypothesized that avoidance of activities and more sedentary behaviour cause poorer physical functioning.AimTo determine differences in movement behaviour between PWH and healthy adults.MethodsMovement behaviour was measured with an accelerometer distinguishing between; lying/non‐wear, sitting, standing, walking, running and cycling. Time spent on activities was compared between PWH and healthy adults, using absolute time spent on activities and activities as percentage of wear time.ResultsOne hundred and five PWH (32 mild/moderate with a mean age of 42.8 ± 15.1, severe 42.1 ± 13.6) and 98 healthy adults (mean age 41.9 ± 15.5) showed that adults with severe haemophilia sit and stand more than healthy adults (4.5 [CI 0.6‐8.4] and 4.2 [CI 1.8‐6.6] h/wk, respectively) and walk and run less (3.4 [CI 1.4‐5.3] hours and 33.6 [CI 19.0‐41.7] min/wk, respectively). Patients with mild/moderate haemophilia stand more than healthy adults (3.3 [CI 0.1‐6.4] h/wk). Differences in sitting between severe haemophilia and healthy adults and differences in standing between mild/moderate haemophilia and healthy adults disappeared when using activities as percentage of wear time.ConclusionMovement behaviour of adults with severe haemophilia differs from healthy adults, mainly due to less walking and less running. No differences were found in other activities and postures or the distribution of movement behaviour over the day. No significant differences were found between adults with mild/moderate haemophilia and healthy adults.
Effectiveness of the Medtep Hemophilia online platform for adherence to prophylactic treatment in haemophilia patients: Results from a 1‐year observational study
Authors: Cuesta‐Barriuso R. , López‐Pina J. A. , Nieto‐Munuera J. , Sagarra‐Valls G. , Panisello‐Royo J. M. , Torres‐Ortuño A. 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionMedtep Hemophilia platform is an online tool that allows patients with congenital coagulopathies to keep track of their daily condition‐related events with the objective of ensuring successful adherence to therapy.AimTo assess the effectiveness of Medtep Hemophilia in improving adherence to prophylactic treatment in haemophilia A and B patients in a 1‐year prospective observational study, as well as its impact on the patient's disease status.MethodsPatients (>13 years old) received support material to familiarize themselves with Medtep Hemophilia. Adherence to treatment, quality of life (QoL) and illness perception were assessed. Values at baseline, 1, 6 and 12 months, and changes from baseline value were analysed. The Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) test was applied at baseline and study completion.ResultsForty‐six patients were enrolled (43 evaluable). After 1 year, 56.4% patients showed continued use of the platform (100% compliance) whereas 25.6% were inactive. Treatment adherence increased both significantly (P < .001) and progressively during the study. Similarly, improved QoL and illness perception were observed with respect to baseline in most of the questionnaire components (P < .05 after 12 months). A patient's age had no influence on the results, whereas compliant patients (>80% of platform use) tended to score better than noncompliant. The HJHS test values remained similar during the study.ConclusionThe Medtep Hemophilia online platform helped the studied patients with haemophilia to improve their adherence to prophylactic treatment, while increasing their QoL and illness perception, as well as joint arthropathies stabilization.