bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consequences of delaying non-urgent surgeries during COVID-19: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Sauro Khara , Vatanpour Shabnam , Thomas Abigail , D'Souza Adam G , Southern Danielle A , Eastwood Cathy , Ibadin Seremi , Ademola Ayoola , Brindle Mary 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesTo ensure sufficient resources to care for patients with COVID-19, healthcare systems delayed non-urgent surgeries to free capacity. This study explores the consequences of delaying non-urgent surgery on surgical care and healthcare resource use.DesignThis is a population-based retrospective cohort study.SettingThis study took place in Alberta, Canada, from December 2018 to December 2021.ParticipantsAdult patients scheduled for surgery in Alberta during the study period were included.Primary and secondary outcomes measuresThe proportion of surgeries completed and surgery wait time were the primary outcomes. The secondary outcomes were healthcare resource use (hospital length of stay, emergency room visits and physician visits). The association between the primary outcomes and patient and surgery-related variables was explored using regression.ResultsThere were 202 470 unique patients with 259 677 scheduled surgeries included. Fewer surgeries were completed throughout the pandemic compared with before; in the fourth wave, there was a decrease from 79% pre-COVID-19 to 67%. There was a decrease in wait time for those who had surgery completed during COVID-19 (from 105 to 69 days). Having surgery completed and the wait for surgery were associated with the geographical zone, COVID-19 wave, and the surgery type and priority. There was a decrease in all measures of healthcare resource use and an increase in hospital and all-cause mortality during COVID-19 compared with before COVID-19.ConclusionsThe change in the proportion of scheduled surgeries completed and the wait time for completed surgery was modest and associated with COVID-19 wave and surgery-related variables, which was aligned with policies enacted during COVID-19 for surgery. The decrease in healthcare resource use suggests the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may be delayed and may result in many patients presenting with advanced disease requiring surgical care.
SARS-CoV-2 testing, test positivity and vaccination in social housing residents compared with the general population: a retrospective population-based cohort study
Authors: Agarwal Gina , Keshavarz Homa , Angeles Ricardo , Pirrie Melissa , Marzanek Francine , Nguyen Francis , Brar Jasdeep , Paterson J Michael 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe consideration of unique social housing needs has largely been absent from the COVID-19 response, particularly in tailoring strategies to improve access to testing and vaccine uptake among vulnerable and high-risk populations in Ontario. Given the growing population of social housing residents, this study aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2 testing, positivity, and vaccination rates in a social housing population with those in a general population cohort in Ontario, Canada.MethodsThis population-based cohort study used administrative health data from Ontario to examine SARS-CoV-2 testing, positivity and vaccination rates in social housing residents compared with the general population from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021. All comparisons were unadjusted, stratified by sex and age and evaluated using standardised differences.ResultsThe rates of SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing were lower among younger age groups and higher among older adults within the social housing cohort, compared with the general population cohort. SARS-CoV-2 test positivity was higher in social housing than in the general population among individuals aged 60–79 years (7.9% vs 5.3%, respectively) and 80 years and older (12.0% vs 7.9%, respectively). Overall, 34.3% of social housing residents were fully vaccinated, compared with 29.6% of the general population cohort. However, a smaller proportion of social housing residents had received a booster vaccine (36.7%) compared with the general population (52.4%).ConclusionImproved and targeted outreach strategies are needed to increase the uptake of COVID-19 booster vaccines among social housing residents.
Embolization of indirect carotid cavernous fistulas via the vein of Labbé using contralateral approach
Authors: Tran Dang-Khoi , Huang Chih Wei , Chen Wen-Hsien , Lee Meng-Ju , Tsuei Yuang-Seng 
Published: November 2024

In our report, we present the case of a 60-year-old adult with symptomatic indirect carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs). All venous outflow routes from the cavernous sinus were absent except for an engorged left superficial middle cerebral vein, which extended through the left vein of Labbé to the left transverse sinus and then to right transverse-sigmoid sinus. We approached the diseased cavernous sinus retrogradely, starting from the right femoral vein and passing through the right transverse-sigmoid sinus, left transverse sinus, and left vein of Labbé, ultimately reaching the left CCFs. Embolization was performed using coils, successfully obliterating the fistulas without complications. This case represents the second reported approach through the vein of Labbé for CCFs and the first using a trans-Labbé vein from a contralateral approach (video 1), proving advantageous by avoiding an acute angle between the vein of Labbé and the ipsilateral sigmoid sinus.1–6Video 1Embolization of CCF using a Trans-Labbé vein from a contralateral approach.‍
Model-independent analysis of new physics effects in $$B\rightarrow K^*_2(1430)\mu ^+ \mu ^-$$ decay
Authors: Vardani Juhi , Sain Ria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecently, the LHCb Collaboration provided updated measurements for the lepton flavour ratios $$R_K$$

R
K

and $$R_{K^*}$$

R

K
∗

. The currently observed values align with the predictions of the standard model. In light of these recent updates, our investigation delves into the repercussions of new physics characterized by universal couplings to electrons and muons. We specifically focus on their impact on various observables within the $$B\rightarrow K_2^*(1430)(\rightarrow K\pi )\mu ^+ \mu ^-$$

B
→

K
2
∗

(
1430
)

(
→
K
π
)

μ
+

μ
-

decay. These observables include the differential branching ratio, forward-backward asymmetry ($$A_{FB}$$

A

FB

), longitudinal polarization asymmetry ($$F_L$$

F
L

), and a set of optimized observables ($$P_i$$

P
i

). Our findings indicate that the branching ratio of $$B\rightarrow K_2^*(\rightarrow K\pi )\mu ^+ \mu ^-$$

B
→

K
2
∗

(
→
K
π
)

μ
+

μ
-

decay can be suppressed up to $$25\%$$

25
%

for various new physics solutions. Furthermore, all permissible new physics scenarios demonstrate finite enhancement in the muon forward-backward asymmetry $$(A_{FB})$$

(

A

FB

)

as well as an increase in the value of the optimized angular observable $$P_2$$

P
2

. Moreover, in the presence of new physics zero crossing points for $$A_{FB}$$

A

FB

and $$P_2$$

P
2

shift towards higher $$q^2$$

q
2

. The current data have a mild deviation from SM predictions in $$P_5'$$

P
5
′

observable in the low-$$q^2$$

q
2

bin. We also explored massive $$Z'$$

Z
′

models, which can generate universal 1D new physics scenarios, characterized by $$C_9^{NP}<0$$

C
9

NP

<
0

, $$C_9^{NP}=-C_{10}^{NP}$$

C
9

NP

=
-

C

10

NP

, and $$C_9^{NP}=-C_9'$$

C
9

NP

=
-

C
9
′

. Using additional constraints coming from $$B_s-\overline{B_s}$$

B
s

-

B
s

¯

mixing and neutrino trident process, we find that the conclusions of the model-independent analysis remain valid.
On the entropy of a stealth vector-tensor black hole
Authors: Chagoya Javier , Díaz-Saldaña I. , López-Domínguez J. C. , Martínez-Robles C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe apply Wald’s formalism to a Lagrangian within generalised Proca gravity that admits a Schwarzschild black hole with a non-trivial vector field. The resulting entropy differs from that of the same black hole in General Relativity by a logarithmic correction modulated by the only independent charge of the vector field. We find conditions on this charge to guarantee that the entropy is a non-decreasing function of the black hole area, as is the case in GR. If this requirement is extended to black hole mergers, we find that for Planck scale black holes, a non-decreasing entropy is possible only if the area of the final black hole is several times larger than the initial total area of the merger. Finally, we discuss some implications of the vector Galileon entropy from the point of view of entropic gravity.
Impact of new physics on polarization asymmetries of Σb→Σl+l− decays in nonuniversal Z′ model
Authors: Biswas S. , Ray R. , Mandal M. , Mahata S. , Mahapatra H. , Sahoo S. 
Published: November 2024

Baryonic decays induced by [Formula: see text] quark transition is an important area of interest nowadays to probe the sensitivities of new physics (NP). The exploration of the baryonic channels was prompted by the observation of [Formula: see text] decays at the accelerators. Motivated by the recent experimental studies of baryonic decays, we have studied various polarization asymmetries for [Formula: see text] baryon in the model beyond the standard model (SM). From the theoretical inspections of branching ratios for [Formula: see text] channels in the SM indicate that these decays can be observed at the colliders. In this paper, we have studied the various [Formula: see text] lepton polarization asymmetries within the whole allowed kinematic region for all three leptonic channels considering the effect of nonuniversal [Formula: see text] boson. We expect that the obtained results for [Formula: see text] decays will help the experimental groups investigate these decays at colliders and will probe NP with heavy baryons.
OPTIMIZING FSW PARAMETERS FOR AZ31B–AA6082 ALLOYS USING HYBRID MCDM AND MULTI-OBJECTIVE RSM MODELS: A NUMERICAL DECISION-MAKING APPROACH
Authors: JOHN SOLOMON I. , SEVVEL P. , GUNASEKARAN J. , VASANTHE ROY J. 
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the development of an innovative numerical decision-making model aimed at identifying the optimal combination of process parameters during friction stir welding (FSW) of dissimilar AZ31B magnesium (Mg) and AA6082 aluminum (Al) alloy plates. The study considered not only the tool’s traverse speed and rotational speed as input parameters but also the positioning of the AZ31B Mg alloy on either the advancing side (AS) or the retreating side (RS). A total of 21 experimental runs were conducted, with tensile strength, elongation percentage, impact energy, and hardness evaluated as performance outcomes. In the first phase, a multi-criterion decision-making (MCDM) methodology was employed to develop the numerical model and identify the ideal set of parameters. To ensure the model’s reliability and accuracy, a sensitivity analysis was conducted. The results obtained from the MCDM model were validated by comparing them with those derived from a fuzzy logic-based decision-making approach. In the second phase, a response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to construct a numerical model using multivariate regression. A trade-off analysis, utilizing a multi-objective RSM approach, was performed to optimize the parameter combination. The optimal solution, computed through this approach, was further validated via a confirmation experiment. The ideal combination of process parameters — rotational speed of 841.42[Formula: see text]rpm, traverse speed of 0.5[Formula: see text]mm/s, and positioning of AZ31B Mg alloy on the advancing side — yielded a tensile strength of 214.65[Formula: see text]MPa, elongation of 10.76%, hardness of 74.89[Formula: see text]HV, and an impact energy of 6.01[Formula: see text]J. This research paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid MCDM-RSM model in accurately determining the optimal FSW parameters and highlights its potential application in similar joining processes.
The impact of noise on the solution of the stochastic fractional Chiral Schrödinger equation forced by multiplicative noise in Itô sense
Authors: Saha Ray S. 
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the stochastic fractional chiral nonlinear Schrödinger equation forced by multiplicative noise is investigated. Two different reliable methods, namely, the improved Riccati–Bernoulli sub-ODE method and the improved generalized Riccati equation mapping method, are implemented to obtain new hyperbolic, trigonometric, rational and complex stochastic solutions. These new stochastic solutions are of great importance in the study of nuclear physics and for the investigation of vital complex phenomena in optical fiber communication, computer industry, plasma physics and quantum mechanics, especially in the quantum hall effect. Also, the effect of multiplicative noise on the solution of stochastic fractional chiral Schrödinger equation is examined. Some graphical simulations are presented to illustrate the behavior of the acquired solutions via the choice of suitable parameters for investigating the real significance of the present model equation.
Mathematical investigations of diffusive prey–predator dynamical system
Authors: Yasin Muhammad Waqas , Shahzad Tahir , Shoukat Saba , Iqbal Muhammad Sajid , Ahmed Nauman , Baber Muhammad Zafarullah 
Published: November 2024

This work presents the numerical investigations for the deterministic prey–predator model. It is a reaction-diffusion mathematical model for the two-prey interacting with a single predator. The predator–prey model is an important part of the ecosystem, especially for recognizing how the population collaborates in their natural surroundings. The computational numerical scheme, namely, implicit finite difference scheme is developed. The numerical solution of the underlying model is successfully gained — the positivity of the reaction-diffusion model is established. To show the feasibility of the scheme, consistency, positivity, and stability are established by applying mathematical techniques. The numerical scheme yields stable and consistent approximations that remain positive throughout the domain. Moreover, the non-negative initial conditions and homogeneous Neumann conditions are used. For various parameter values, 3D, 2D, and parametric graphs are produced. In addition, the mathematical results are verified through numerical calculations.
Sol–Gel-Based Synthesis of a Yolk–Shell Structured Sn@C Composite for Highly Stable Lithium Storage
Authors: Li Yong , Zhao Yingying , Zhao Yun , Ma Canliang , Li Yongquan , Liu Bin , Li Jian 
Published: November 2024

Yolk–shell structured Sn@C materials are promising candidates of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to their high structural stability along cycling. However, their synthesis usually suffers from complicated procedures, low efficiency and uncontrolled morphology and size. In this study, a novel yolk–shell structured composite of phenolic-resin-based Sn@hollow carbon (C) composite was effectively synthesized using tributyl(ethenyl)stannane as the tin source and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide as the structure-directing agent. Small Sn particles, with diameters of 10–20[Formula: see text]nm, were discovered to be encapsulated within hollow carbon spheres of about 100[Formula: see text]nm and exhibited high dispersion. Benefiting from this excellent structural design, the specific lithium-storage capacity of this composite can still retain a value of 640[Formula: see text]mAh g[Formula: see text] after 150 cycles at 0.1[Formula: see text]A g[Formula: see text]. An excellent rate performance of 280[Formula: see text]mAh g[Formula: see text] was achieved at a high current density of 1[Formula: see text]A g[Formula: see text], without decay after 600 cycles. The present study highlights the superiority of yolk–shell structure and provides a viable option for synthesizing advanced Sn-based anode materials of lithium-ion batteries.
Treatment of Pink Pulseless Hand Following Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus in Children
Authors: PHAN Man Duc Minh , TRAN Quynh Nhu , VO Nam Quang Dinh , LAM Kien Thanh , NGUYEN Phi Duong 
Published: November 2024

Background: Supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHF) in children are common and can lead to serious complications, including neurovascular injury. The optimal management of children with a ‘pink pulseless’ hand following such a fracture is unclear. This study aimed to ascertain an appropriate therapeutic approach for children with SCHF and a pink pulseless hand. Methods: A retrospective analysis of medical records from paediatric patients under 16 years old with SCHF and clinically perfused but pulseless hands between 1 January 2016 and 30 June 2021 was conducted. Clinical characteristics, imaging, treatment processes and follow-up results were analysed to predict arterial injuries requiring vascular repair and determine the optimal timing for exploratory surgery. Results: The study included 88 patients, predominantly male (58%) with an average age of 6 years. Most fractures resulted from falls onto outstretched arms. Satisfactory outcomes, indicated by the return of the pulse following closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) alone, were seen in 66% of patients, negating the necessity for vascular exploration. Amongst patients with a persistently absent radial pulse 72 hours after CRPP, 83% were diagnosed with brachial artery injuries, with all such patients experiencing recurrent pulse loss after surgery. Conclusions: Urgent reduction and CRPP are effective initial treatments for children with SCHF and a pink pulseless hand. Immediate vascular exploration is generally not necessary in these patients. Further research is needed to determine the optimal management for persistent pulselessness and recurrent pulse loss. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Surgical Treatment for Chronic Anterior Dislocation of the Radial Head
Authors: BAE Kee Jeong , SEOK Hyun Sik , LEE Jae Min , HWANG Ji Sup , KIM Jihyeung 
Published: November 2024

Background: Surgical correction of chronic anterior dislocation of the radial head in paediatric patients is challenging, and they may experience re-dislocation or subluxation even after corrective surgery. We have been performing a radial shortening osteotomy combined with reconstruction of the annular and lateral collateral ligaments, and a corrective osteotomy of the ulna. The aim of this article is to describe our technique and outcomes at mid-term follow-up. Methods: This retrospective review included 10 paediatric patients with chronic anterior dislocation of the radial head that were surgically treated at our unit from January 2016 to July 2022. The dislocations were congenital in two patients, resulted from neglected Monteggia fractures in seven patients, and was idiopathic in one patient. The average age at surgery was 8.3 years. All patients underwent radial shortening osteotomy combined with reconstruction of the annular and lateral collateral ligaments, and a corrective osteotomy of the ulna. Outcomes with regards to period of follow-up, complications, arc of motion and the Kim elbow performance score were assessed. Results: The reduction of the radial head was maintained at the final follow-up (mean: 55 months). No acute or chronic complications occurred. The mean arc of flexion–extension improved from 124° to 140° while the arc of prono–supination decreased from 124° to 113°. The Kim elbow performance score was excellent in eight patients, fair in one and poor in one. Conclusions: A combination of radial shortening osteotomy, reconstruction of the annular and lateral collateral ligaments and corrective osteotomy of the ulna was able to maintain a stable reduction of the radial head with satisfactory elbow motion in the mid-term in paediatric patients with chronic anterior dislocation of the radial head regardless of the underlying cause. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Investigation of Gender Stereotypes in Nurse Clinicians’ Metaphors and Concepts of Patients
Authors: Bezgin Selver , Odabaşı Koç Özge 
Published: November 2024

Aim: The present study aims to analyze the presence of gender stereotypes in the metaphors nurse clinicians use to describe their patients.Methods: This study was conducted with 149 nurse clinicians working at a university hospital. Data were collected using a metaphor survey.Results: The most common metaphors for female patients were “flower” (f: 23) and “mother/my mother” (f: 8), whereas the most common metaphors for male patients were “wood” (f: 10) and “cactus” (f: 7). These metaphors were more frequently produced by female nurses. Female patients were often described as “delicate, in need of attention and help, and fragile,” while male patients were described as “strong, authoritative, head of the family, and tough.” Female nurses likened a more delicate male patient to a “delicate woman,” and male nurses likened the strength of a male patient to a “man.” Furthermore, eight nurses, five male nurses and three female nurses, frequently used the metaphor of “patient” (f: 6) while stating that they did not view patients as female or male. Male nurses (f: 4) produced the metaphor of “patient” (f: 6) the most.Conclusion: It is important not to overlook the factors underlying the metaphors produced by nurse clinicians. In this regard, extensive studies are needed to take into account additional factors such as cultural background, experience, or specific patient interactions that may have a major impact on how nurses perceive gender.Implications for Nursing Management: This study evaluates nurse clinicians’ perceptions of patients in the context of gender stereotypes and highlights some important points in terms of nursing and patient care.
Scavenger Receptor CD36 in Tumor-Associated Macrophages Promotes Cancer Progression by Dampening Type-I IFN Signaling
Authors: Xu Ziyan , Kuhlmann-Hogan Alexandra , Xu Shihao , Tseng Hubert , Chen Dan , Tan Shirong , Sun Ming , Tripple Victoria , Bosenberg Marcus , Miller-Jensen Kathryn , Kaech Susan M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are a heterogeneous population of myeloid cells that dictate the inflammatory tone of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we unveiled a mechanism by which scavenger receptor cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) suppresses TAM inflammatory states. CD36 was upregulated in TAMs and associated with immunosuppressive features, and myeloid-specific deletion of CD36 significantly reduced tumor growth. Moreover, CD36-deficient TAMs acquired inflammatory signatures including elevated type-I IFN (IFNI) production, mirroring the inverse correlation between CD36 and IFNI response observed in patients with cancer. IFNI, especially IFNβ, produced by CD36-deficient TAMs directly induced tumor cell quiescence and delayed tumor growth. Mechanistically, CD36 acted as a natural suppressor of IFNI signaling in macrophages through p38 activation downstream of oxidized lipid signaling. These findings establish CD36 as a critical regulator of TAM function and the tumor inflammatory microenvironment, providing additional rationale for pharmacologic inhibition of CD36 to rejuvenate antitumor immunity.
Significance: CD36 in tumor-associated macrophages mediates immunosuppression and can be targeted as a therapeutic avenue for stimulating interferon production and increasing the efficacy of immunotherapy.