bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The KMOS Cluster Survey (KCS). II. The Effect of Environment on the Structural Properties of Massive Cluster Galaxies at Redshift 1.39 < z < 1.61*
Authors: Chan Jeffrey C. C. , Beifiori Alessandra , Saglia Roberto P. , Mendel J. Trevor , Stott John P. , Bender Ralf , Galametz Audrey , Wilman David J. , Cappellari Michele , Davies Roger L. , Houghton Ryan C. W. , Prichard Laura J. , Lewis Ian J. , Sharples Ray , Wegner Michael 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We present results on the structural properties of massive passive galaxies in three clusters at 1.39 < z < 1.61 from the KMOS Cluster Survey. We measure light-weighted and mass-weighted sizes from optical and near-infrared Hubble Space Telescope imaging and spatially resolved stellar mass maps. The rest-frame R-band sizes of these galaxies are a factor of ∼2–3 smaller than their local counterparts. The slopes of the relation between the stellar mass and the light-weighted size are consistent with recent studies in clusters and the field. Their mass-weighted sizes are smaller than the rest-frame R-band sizes, with an average mass-weighted to light-weighted size ratio that varies between ∼0.45 and 0.8 among the clusters. We find that the median light-weighted size of the passive galaxies in the two more evolved clusters is ∼24% larger than that for field galaxies, independent of the use of circularized effective radii or semimajor axes. These two clusters also show a smaller size ratio than the less evolved cluster, which we investigate using color gradients to probe the underlying

gradients. The median color gradients are ∇z − H ∼ −0.4 mag dex−1, twice the local value. Using stellar populations models, these gradients are best reproduced by a combination of age and metallicity gradients. Our results favor the minor merger scenario as the dominant process responsible for the observed galaxy properties and the environmental differences at this redshift. The environmental differences support that clusters experience accelerated structural evolution compared to the field, likely via an epoch of enhanced minor merger activity during cluster assembly.
High-redshift Extremely Red Quasars in X-Rays
Authors: Goulding Andy D. , Zakamska Nadia L. , Alexandroff Rachael M. , Assef Roberto J. , Banerji Manda , Hamann Fred , Wylezalek Dominika , Brandt William N. , Greene Jenny E. , Lansbury George B. , Pâris Isabelle , Richards Gordon , Stern Daniel , Strauss Michael A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Quasars may have played a key role in limiting the stellar mass of massive galaxies. Identifying those quasars in the process of removing star formation fuel from their hosts is an exciting ongoing challenge in extragalactic astronomy. In this paper, we present X-ray observations of 11 extremely red quasars (ERQs) with L
bol ∼ 1047 erg s−1 at z = 1.5–3.2 with evidence for high-velocity (v

1000 km s−1) [O iii] λ5007 outflows. X-rays allow us to directly probe circumnuclear obscuration and to measure the instantaneous accretion luminosity. We detect 10 out of 11 ERQs available in targeted and archival data. Using a combination of X-ray spectral fitting and hardness ratios, we find that all of the ERQs show signs of absorption in the X-rays with inferred column densities of N
H ≈ 1023 cm−2, including four Compton-thick candidates (N
H

1024 cm−2). We stack the X-ray emission of the seven weakly detected sources, measuring an average column density of N
H ∼ 8 × 1023 cm−2. The absorption-corrected (intrinsic) 2–10 keV X-ray luminosity of the stack is 2.7 × 1045 erg s−1, consistent with X-ray luminosities of type 1 quasars of the same infrared luminosity. Thus, we find that ERQs are a highly obscured, borderline Compton-thick population, and based on optical and infrared data we suggest that these objects are partially hidden by their own equatorial outflows. However, unlike some quasars with known outflows, ERQs do not appear to be intrinsically underluminous in X-rays for their bolometric luminosity. Our observations indicate that low X-rays are not necessary to enable some types of radiatively driven winds.
The Universe Is Reionizing at z ∼ 7: Bayesian Inference of the IGM Neutral Fraction Using Lyα Emission from Galaxies
Authors: Mason Charlotte A. , Treu Tommaso , Dijkstra Mark , Mesinger Andrei , Trenti Michele , Pentericci Laura , de Barros Stephane , Vanzella Eros 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We present a new flexible Bayesian framework for directly inferring the fraction of neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR, z ∼ 6–10) from detections and non-detections of Lyman Alpha (Lyα) emission from Lyman Break galaxies (LBGs). Our framework combines sophisticated reionization simulations with empirical models of the interstellar medium (ISM) radiative transfer effects on Lyα. We assert that the Lyα line profile emerging from the ISM has an important impact on the resulting transmission of photons through the IGM, and that these line profiles depend on galaxy properties. We model this effect by considering the peak velocity offset of Lyα lines from host galaxies’ systemic redshifts, which are empirically correlated with UV luminosity and redshift (or halo mass at fixed redshift). We use our framework on the sample of LBGs presented in Pentericci et al. and infer a global neutral fraction at z ∼ 7 of

, consistent with other robust probes of the EoR and confirming that reionization is ongoing ∼700 Myr after the Big Bang. We show that using the full distribution of Lyα equivalent width detections and upper limits from LBGs places tighter constraints on the evolving IGM than the standard Lyα emitter fraction, and that larger samples are within reach of deep spectroscopic surveys of gravitationally lensed fields and James Webb Space Telescope NIRSpec.
Proper Motion of the Faint Star near KIC 8462852 (Boyajian's Star)—Not a Binary System
Authors: Clemens Dan P. , Maheshwari Kush , Jagani Roshan , Montgomery J. , Batal A. M. El , Ellis T. G. , Wright J. T. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
A faint star located 2 arcsec from KIC 8462852 was discovered in Keck 10 m adaptive optics imaging in the JHK near-infrared (NIR) in 2014 by Boyajian et al. (2016). The closeness of the star to KIC 8462852 suggested that the two could constitute a binary, which might have implications for the cause of the brightness dips seen by Kepler and in ground-based optical studies. Here, NIR imaging in 2017 using the Mimir instrument resolved the pair and enabled measuring their separation. The faint star had moved 67 ± 7 milliarcsec (mas) relative to KIC 8462852 since 2014. The relative proper motion of the faint star is 23.9 ± 2.6 mas yr−1, for a tangential velocity of 45 ± 5 km s−1 if it is at the same 390 pc distance as KIC 8462852. Circular velocity at the 750 au current projected separation is 1.5 km s−1, hence the star pair cannot be bound.
Characterization of controlled landfill leachate from the city of Guaratinguetá - SP, Brazil
Authors: Peixoto André Luis de Castro , Salazar Rodrigo Fernando dos Santos , Barboza Jayne Carlos de Souza , Izário Filho Hélcio José 
Published: March 2018

This research evaluated the physicochemical parameters of a leachate sample from a controlled landfill in the city of Guaratinguetá-SP. The evaluation was conducted using spectrometric and spectrophotometric methods in order to assess the formation of persistent compounds. The selection of parameters was based on the CETESB Article 18 and CONAMA 357/05 Article 34, as well as organic characterization methods, such as FTIR, NMR (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and APT), GC-MS, molar mass distribution and elemental analysis (CHN). Chemical and physical stability were also verified. The ammoniacal nitrogen concentration is 20 times greater than tolerance limit established by law (20 mg L-1). The Ba and Ni presented concentrations above those permitted by the legislation (CETESB Article 18 and CONAMA 357/05 Article 34). Those values of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) were 1013 mg L-1 and 286 mg L-1, respectively. It was not possible to determine the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of slurry sample. In this sense, the biodegradability parameter for the slurry studied was Non-Determinable (ND), indicating that the organic matter of the slurry studied is recalcitrant. Recalcitrant humic substances of landfill leachate the present low polydispersity. These refractory acids play a detached role in carrying pollutants in the environment with regard to carrying toxic metals and pesticides. Finally, it was possible to verify that the humic acids’ complexing capacity indicates that hydroxyl and carboxyl groups may exist in larger quantities than the nitrogen and sulfur groups. Further, the high content of metals may indicate that the waste was not properly separated.
Rheological behaviour of chocolate at different temperatures
Authors: Kumbár Vojtěch , Nedomová Šárka , Ondruší­ková Sylvie , Polcar Adam 
Published: March 2018

The rheological behaviour of the chocolate at different temperatures was studied using a concentric cylinder viscometer with precision small samples adapter, temperature sensor and standard spindle. BIO chocolate (100% organic cocoa) has been used for the whole types of experiments. At the first, the range of temperature has been chosen 36 °C, 38 °C, 40 °C, 42 °C, and 44 °C. The shear deformation rate was established from the 0.1 s-1 up to 68 s-1. Rheological behaviour was non-Newtonian (plastic) with inconsiderable yield stress in all temperatures. The chocolate unambiguously demonstrated plastic behaviour and flow curves were fitted by the power law model (Herschel-Bulkley model), Bingham model, and Casson model with taking into account the coefficient of determination R2. The obtained results of rheological behaviour of chocolate can be best described as Casson fluid. Exactly coefficients of models can be used for modelling of flow velocity, volume flow, friction factor, Reynolds number, two dimensional and three dimensional velocity profiles and much more for flow in the real technical elements e.g. pipes, trough, tubes. Finally, temperature dependence of apparent viscosity of chocolate was also continuously measured in the range from 35 °C up to 62 °C. The apparent viscosity decreased in the temperature range. This decrease was fitted using power law equation. The knowledge of the plastic flow behaviour of chocolate is very important, because it is not quite common flow behaviour of foodstuffs.
Oral-Fluid Thiol-Detection Test Identifies Underlying Active Periodontal Disease Not Detected by the Visual Awake Examination
Authors: Queck Katherine E. , Chapman Angela , Herzog Leslie J. , Shell-Martin Tamara , Burgess-Cassler Anthony , McClure George David 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTPeriodontal disease in dogs is highly prevalent but can only be accurately diagnosed by performing an anesthetized oral examination with periodontal probing and dental radiography. In this study, 114 dogs had a visual awake examination of the oral cavity and were administered an oral-fluid thiol-detection test prior to undergoing a a full-mouth anesthetized oral examination and digital dental radiographs. The results show the visual awake examination underestimated the presence and severity of active periodontal disease. The thiol-detection test was superior to the visual awake examination at detecting the presence and severity of active periodontal disease and was an indicator of progression toward alveolar bone loss. The thiol-detection test detected active periodontal disease at early stages of development, before any visual cues were present, indicating the need for intervention to prevent periodontal bone loss. Early detection is important because without intervention, dogs with gingivitis (active periodontal disease) progress to irreversible periodontal bone loss (stage 2+). As suggested in the current AAHA guidelines, a thiol-detection test administered in conjunction with the visual awake examination during routine wellness examinations facilitates veterinarian-client communication and mitigates under-diagnosis of periodontal disease and underutilization of dental services. The thiol-detection test can be used to monitor the periodontal health status of the conscious patient during follow-up examinations based on disease severity.
Combination of Bleomycin and Cytosine Arabinoside Chemotherapy for Relapsed Canine Lymphoma
Authors: Batschinski Karen , Dervisis Nikolaos , Kitchell Barbara , Newman Rebecca , Erfourth Todd 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTA retrospective study was performed to evaluate response rate, time to progression, and toxicity of a bleomycin and cytosine arabinoside (Bleo/Cytarabine) combination protocol for dogs with relapsed lymphoma (LSA). Dogs diagnosed with LSA and previously treated with chemotherapy were included in the study. A total of 20 dogs met the inclusion criteria, and 19 were evaluable for response. Bleomycin was administered subcutaneously on days 1 and 8 and cytosine arabinoside was administered subcutaneously on days 1–5 of a 21-day cycle. The median number of chemotherapy drugs given prior to the administration of Bleo/Cytarabine was 8.5. A total of 23 cycles of Bleo/Cytarabine were administered. The overall response rate was 36.8% (7 of 19 dogs had a partial response). The median time to progression was 15 days. Three dogs developed grade 3 thrombocytopenia and one dog had a grade 4 neutropenia. Bleo/Cytarabine had minor activity when used as a rescue therapy for pretreated LSA patients.
The Opinions of Administrators about In-Service Training Related to the Administration and Investigation
Authors: Demirel İhsan Nuri 
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine the opinions of administrators of National Education Directiorate, School Directors and Vice-school Directors about the in-service activities and the system of in-service training programs related to work security. Moreover, it is investigated the level of the knowledge whether in-service training ignores professional diseases, the participant of in-service trainees are aware of the difference between the participation and success certificates that they deserved at the end of the training and there is a lost of expectations on the trainees related to prove the gainings that they got through the training. To determine the knowledge level of the administrators on in-service training related to administration and investigation, they were given a data obtaining tool including knowledge about in-service training. The sample of the research consists of 30 school directors and 75 vice school directors, total 105 administrators working in different schools of Ağrı National Education Directoriate. According to the findings of the research, it is seen that the administrators answered the questions including the knowledge on in-service training in changing rates. At the end of the research, it is realized that the administrators were qualified with the rates between 29% and 53% about the in-service training related to administration and investigation.
The need and availability of support systems for physicians involved in a serious adverse event
Authors: Leferink Esther H.M. , Bos Aline , Heringa Martijn P. , Rensen Elizabeth L.J. van , Zwart Dorien L.M. 
Published: March 2018

Objective: Serious adverse events occur in healthcare, and do not solely have consequences for patients (first victims), but also affect physicians involved (second victims). These second victims experience diminished emotional well-being and less professional performance. An increasing number of hospitals organize support for second victims, although scientific evidence on the kind of support that is expected and needed is poor. This study therefore investigates support needs after serious adverse events from both personal (physicians) and organizational (quality and safety staff members) perspectives.Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews in a Dutch university medical center. Physicians (N = 19) who had been directly involved in a serious adverse event participated. In addition, quality and safety staff members (N = 3) reflected on the support needs as expressed by physicians. Verbatim transcripts were three-fold coded, which led to several themes for our inductive thematic analysis.Results: Contrary to recent developments in healthcare organizations, participants did not plea for a hospital-wide support team. Acceptance of the emotional and professional impact of an adverse event by direct colleagues and supervisors is more important. Where such a cultural context is provided, physicians prefer support of a close and reliable colleague to cope with emotions and doubts, a supervisor who monitors recovery, and a healthcare organization that provides information about required procedures to learn from the events. However, this ideal was seldom found in the competitive working environment. This underlines the need for a shift from a competitive professional culture into a more supportive one.Conclusions: Ideally, direct colleagues support each other after an adverse event. This form of collegial support can only be successful if there is general acceptance of healthcare professionals’ vulnerability and their support needs within the direct working environment. To create the right circumstances to meet these support needs, both healthcare professionals and hospital organizations have to recognize and take their responsibilities.
Follow-up of a 6-month Programmed Sports Therapy (PST) in patients with haemophilia
Authors: Hilberg Thomas , Runkel Britta 
Published: March 2018

SummaryStudies describe benefits of exercise in Patients with haemophilia (PwH), but research on training sustainability is rare. Aim of this study was to observe the follow-up of a guided 6-month training intervention in PwH. This study included 28 PwH after a training intervention (RCT) over 6 months. N=17 continued training (TC), N=11 stopped training (TS) after the study time. Strength measurements and subjective physical performance were tested.The RCT revealed that all muscles tested increased significantly after training. In the follow-up phase, the muscles of TC increased further (in TS decreased), but not all of them significantly (M. triceps brachii: p=0.017; M. biceps brachii: n.s.; M. latissimus dorsi: n.s.; M. rectus abdominis: p=0.002; M. biceps femoris right: n.s.; left: p=0.028; M. quadriceps femoris both n.s. = not sig.). Subjective performance showed no clear changes in the follow-up phase.This is the first study evaluating a follow-up phase of programmed sports therapy (PST) in PwH. PST (6-month) resulted in some PwH continuing the successful training. Benefits were training routine, safety and partially further positive training effects, e.g. in strength performance.
Description of one new genus and four new species of mynoglenine spiders from Africa (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Mynogleninae)
Authors: Frick Holger , Scharff Nikolaj 
Published: March 2018

The genus Camafroneta gen. nov. is established to accomodate Camafroneta oku gen. et sp. nov., a new species of mynoglenine spider from Cameroon, West Africa, with unusual complex male genitalia. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the new species does not belong to a known genus of mynoglenine spiders. Another three new species of Afroneta Holm, 1968 from East Africa are described: Afroneta flavescens sp. nov., Afroneta serrata sp. nov. and Afroneta sarahae sp. nov. We also describe the missing sex (♂) of Afroneta elgonensis Merrett, 2004.
Türk Popülasyonu’nda Tümor Nekroz Faktör Alfa Gen Polimorfizmi (-376) ile Multipl Skleroz Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: ARMAN Ahmet , ŞİMŞEK Hasan , SARIDAL Merve 
Published: March 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı Multipl Skleroz (MS) ile Tümor Nekroz Faktör-Alfa (TNF-A) geninin
promotör bölgesindeki (-376) gen polimorfizmi arasındaki ilişkininin ortaya
çıkarılmasıdır. Yapılan çalışmada 100 MS hastası ve 100 sağlıklı kontrol olmak
üzere toplam 200 birey incelenmiştir. Bunun için ilk olarak kandan DNA
izolasyonu yapılmış ve elde edilen DNA’lardan TNF-A geninin promoter -376
bölgesi polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu yöntemi ile çoğaltılmıştır.
İkinci aşamada ise elde edilen PCR ürünleri Tsp50 enzimi ile kesilerek genotip
dağılımları ve allel frekansları incelenmiştir. Türk popülasyonunda MS
hastalığı ile TNF-A -376
polimorfizminin genotip dağılımı arasında kuvvetli bir ilişki bulunmuştur
(p=0,010). Aynı zamanda TNF-A -376 polimorfizminin allel frekansı MS
hastalığıyla bir ilişki göstermektedir (p=0.011). Bu ilişkide TNF-A -376 polimorfizminin
heterozigot genotip G/A olduğu ve A allelinin koruyucu etkisi olduğu görülmüştür.
TNF-A -376 polimorfizmi ile MS arasında hastalığın risk oluşturması açısından
herhangi bir ilişki bulunmamıştır ancak G/A genotipi ve A allelinin sağlıklı kişilerde
koruyucu etkisi olabildiği düşünülmektedir.
2018 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Authors:   Alzheimer's Association
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality and morbidity, costs of care, and the overall impact on caregivers and society. The Special Report examines the benefits of diagnosing Alzheimer's earlier in the disease process, in the stage of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease. An estimated 5.7 million Americans have Alzheimer's dementia. By mid‐century, the number of people living with Alzheimer's dementia in the United States is projected to grow to 13.8 million, fueled in large part by the aging baby boom generation. In 2015, official death certificates recorded 110,561 deaths from AD, making AD the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death in Americans age ≥65 years. Between 2000 and 2015, deaths resulting from stroke, heart disease, and prostate cancer decreased, whereas deaths from AD increased 123%. In 2017, more than 16 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 18.4 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias. This care is valued at more than $232 billion, but its costs extend to family caregivers' increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes. Average per‐person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age ≥65 years with Alzheimer's or other dementias are more than three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are more than 23 times as great. Total payments in 2018 for health care, long‐term care and hospice services for people age ≥65 years with dementia are estimated to be $277 billion. With the identification of AD biomarkers in recent years, our understanding of the disease has moved from one based on symptoms to one based on brain changes. Because these changes begin well before clinical symptoms arise, Alzheimer's has the potential to be diagnosed before the dementia stage. Early diagnosis of AD could have important personal and financial benefits. A mathematical model estimates that early and accurate diagnosis could save up to $7.9 trillion in medical and care costs.
Percolation results for the continuum random cluster model
Authors: Houdebert Pierre 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

The continuum random cluster model is a Gibbs modification of the standard Boolean model with intensity z &gt; 0 and law of radii Q. The formal unnormalised density is given by q

N
cc
, where q is a fixed parameter and N
cc is the number of connected components in the random structure. We prove for a large class of parameters that percolation occurs for large enough z and does not occur for small enough z. We provide an application to the phase transition of the Widom–Rowlinson model with random radii. Our main tools are stochastic domination properties, a detailed study of the interaction of the model, and a Fortuin–Kasteleyn representation.