bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delivery of Multiple Epitopes by Recombinant Detoxified Adenylate Cyclase ofBordetella pertussisInduces Protective Antiviral Immunity
Authors: Fayolle Catherine , Osickova Adriana , Osicka Radim , Henry Thomas , Rojas Marie-Jésus , Saron Marie-Françoise , Sebo Peter , Leclerc Claude 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTCyaA, the adenylate cyclase toxin fromBordetella pertussis, can deliver its N-terminal catalytic domain into the cytosol of a large number of eukaryotic cells and particularly into professional antigen-presenting cells. We have previously identified within the primary structure of CyaA several permissive sites at which insertion of peptides does not alter the ability of the toxin to enter cells. This property has been exploited to design recombinant CyaA toxoids capable of delivering major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted CD8+T-cell epitopes into antigen-presenting cells and to induce specific CD8+cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in vivo. Here we have explored the capacity of the CyaA vector carrying several different CD8+T-cell epitopes to prime multiple CTL responses. The model vaccine consisted of a polyepitope made of three CTL epitopes from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), the V3 region of human immunodeficiency virus gp120, and chicken ovalbumin, inserted at three different sites of the catalytic domain of genetically detoxified CyaA. Each of these epitopes was processed on delivery by CyaA and presented in vitro to specific T-cell hybridomas. Immunization of mice by CyaA toxoids carrying the polyepitope lead to the induction of specific CTL responses for each of the three epitopes, as well as to protection against a lethal viral challenge. Moreover, mice primed against the vector by mock CyaA or a recombinant toxoid were still able to develop strong CTL responses after subsequent immunization with a recombinant CyaA carrying a foreign CD8+CTL epitope. These results highlight the potency of the adenylate cyclase vector for induction of protective CTL responses with multiple specificity and/or broad MHC restriction.
Involvement of Cellular Double-Stranded DNA Break Binding Proteins in Processing of the Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Genome
Authors: Zentilin Lorena , Marcello Alessandro , Giacca Mauro 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT
Unlike postmitotic tissues in vivo, transduction of cultured cells is poor with recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV). The ability of rAAV to transduce cells is greatly enhanced by a variety of agents that induce DNA damage and is elevated in cells defective in the ataxia telangiectasia gene product (ATM), showing increased genomic instability. Here we show that DNA double-stranded break (DSB) repair pathways are involved in the regulation of rAAV transduction efficiency. By quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that Ku86 and Rad52 proteins associate with viral DNA inside transduced cells. Both proteins are known to competitively recognize hairpin structures and DNA termini and to promote repair of DSBs, the former by facilitating nonhomologous end joining and the latter by initiating homologous recombination. We found that rAAV transduction is increased in Ku86-defective cells while it is inhibited in Rad52 knockout cells. These results suggest that binding of Rad52 to the rAAV genome might be involved in processing of the vector genome through a homologous recombination pathway.
DNA Vaccination with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 SF162ΔV2 Envelope Elicits Immune Responses That Offer Partial Protection from Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection to CD8
+
T-Cell-Depleted Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Cherpelis S. , Shrivastava I. , Gettie A. , Jin X. , Ho D. D. , Barnett S. W. , Stamatatos L. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

DNA immunization of macaques with the SF162ΔV2 envelope elicited lymphoproliferative responses and potent neutralizing antibodies. The animals were depleted of their CD8
+
T lymphocytes and then challenged intravenously with SHIV162P4. Compared to unvaccinated animals, the vaccinated macaques had lower peak viremia levels, rapidly cleared plasma virus, and showed delayed seroconversion.
Intracellular Trafficking of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors: Routing to the Late Endosomal Compartment and Proteasome Degradation
Authors: Douar Anne-Marie , Poulard Karine , Stockholm Daniel , Danos Olivier 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

The early steps of adeno-associated virus (AAV) infection involve attachment to a variety of cell surface receptors (heparan sulfate, integrins, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1) followed by clathrin-dependent or independent internalization. Here we have studied the subsequent intracellular trafficking of AAV particles from the endosomal compartment to the nucleus. Human cell lines were transduced with a recombinant AAV (rAAV) carrying a reporter gene (luciferase or green fluorescent protein) in the presence of agents that affect trafficking. The effects of bafilomycin A
1
, brefeldin A, and MG-132 were measured. These drugs act at the level of endosome acidification, early-to-late endosome transition, and proteasome activity, respectively. We observed that the transducing virions needed to be routed as far as the late endosomal compartment. This behavior was markedly different from that observed with adenovirus particles. Antiproteasome treatments with MG-132 led to a 50-fold enhancement in transduction efficiency. This effect was accompanied by a 10-fold intracellular accumulation of single-stranded DNA AAV genomes, suggesting that the mechanism of transduction enhancement was different from the one mediated by a helper adenovirus, which facilitates the conversion of the rAAV single-stranded DNA genome into its replicative form. MG-132, a drug currently in clinical use, could be of practical use for potentializing rAAV-mediated delivery of therapeutic genes.
Structure and Electronic Effects of Cobalt Ferrites, CoxFe3-xO4, on Catalytic Decomposition of Isopropyl Alcohol
Authors: Abd El-Salaam Khalf-Alla M. , Said Abd El-Aziz A. , El-Awad Ahmed M. , Hassan Ehsan A. , Abd El-Wahab Mohamed M. M. 
Published: July 2002

The cobalt ferrite spinel oxides CoxFe3-xO4 (O < x < 3) have been prepared by coprecipitation. Their structures were characterized by DTA, X-ray diffraction and IR spectra, and their surface properties were determined from nitrogen adsorption isotherms at -196 °C. Conductance of all the compositions was studied with and without isopropanol. The variation of Eσ values was discussed in terms of oxide semiconducting properties and of ion distribution in the octahedral-tetrahedral sites of the spinel structures. The catalytic decomposition of isopropanol at 325 °C in a flow system allowed to conclude that the inverse spinels formed in the iron-rich region are active and selective sites for acetone formation, in contrast to the inverse spinels formed in the cobalt-rich region. On the other hand, the region of normal spinels showed low activity and selectivity to acetone formation. Correlations between the composition and electronic and catalytic properties of the catalysts are reported.
SURFACE AND INTERFACE STRAINS REVEALED BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Authors: AKIMOTO KOICHI , EMOTO TAKASHI , ISHIKAWA YUYA , ICHIMIYA AYAHIKO 
Published: July 2002

We measured strain fields near semiconductor surface by X-ray diffraction. The diffraction geometry was using the extremely asymmetric Bragg-case bulk reflection of a small incident angle to the surface and a large angle exiting from the surface. The incident angle of the X-rays was set near critical angle of total reflection by tuning X-ray energy of synchrotron radiation. The X-ray intensity of the silicon substrate 311 reflection was measured to study a Si(111) surface in the ultrahigh vacuum chamber. A clean Si (111)-(7 × 7) surface was found to give a sharper X-ray diffraction peak than that of the native oxide/Si(111) system. By comparison of experimental results and theoretical calculations, it was concluded that the thin silicon oxide film itself gives strong strain fields to the silicon substrates of lattice expansion toward the [311] direction. The strain fields at the Al- and Ag- induced [Formula: see text] surface reconstruction on the Si(111) substrate were also measured. By comparison of experimental results and theoretical calculations, Al-induced reconstruction was suggested to give a strain field to the silicon substrate of lattice expansion toward the [311] direction, whereas Ag-induced reconstruction was suggested to give a strain field to the silicon substrate of lattice compression toward the [311] direction.
Transactions and consistency in distributed database systems
Authors: Traiger Irving L. , Gray Jim , Galtieri Cesare A. , Lindsay Bruce G. 
Published: July 2002

The concepts of transaction and of data consistency are defined for a distributed system. The cases of partitioned data, where fragments of a file are stored at multiple nodes, and replicated data, where a file is replicated at several nodes, are discussed. It is argued that the distribution and replication of data should be transparent to the programs which use the data. That is, the programming interface should provide location transparency, replica transparency, concurrency transparency, and failure transparency. Techniques for providing such transparencies are abstracted and discussed.
By extending the notions of system schedule and system clock to handle multiple nodes, it is shown that a distributed system can be modeled as a single sequential execution sequence. This model is then used to discuss simple techniques for implementing the various forms of transparency.
Cultural, Gender, and Individual Differences in Perceptual and Semantic Structures of Basic Colors in Chinese and English
Authors: Moore Carmella , Romney A. Kimball , Hsia Ti-Lien 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this paper we examine the judged similarity among the eight basic focal colors, and their names, among female and male Chinese (n = 68) and English (n = 52) speaking respondents. The major findings are: (1) all respondents share approximately sixty percent of their knowledge of the judged similarity structures of both semantic and perceptual tasks, (2) there are genuine individual differences among respondents that account for about fourteen percent of their knowledge on average, (3) there are small but statistically significant gender differences that come to about three percent on average, (4) there are small but statistically significant differences between Chinese and English respondents of about one-and-a-half percent, (5) there are differences in the semantic structure of the names of colors as compared to the judgments of the color samples that amounts to about five percent, and (6) there is about a three percent difference in the paired comparison task and the triads task. The results place strong constraints on theories relating to individual differences, linguistic relativity, and the relation of perceptual and semantic structures for colors.
The Use of Modifying Terms in the Naming and Categorization of Color Appearances in Vietnamese and English
Authors: Alvarado Nancy , Jameson Kimberly 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCross-cultural studies of color naming show that basic terms are universally the most frequently used to name colors. However, such basic color terms are always used in the context of larger linguistic systems when specific properties of color experience are described. To investigate naturalistic naming behaviors, we examined the use of modifiers in English and Vietnamese color naming using an unconstrained naming task (Jameson & Alvarado, in press). Monolingual and bilingual subjects named a representative set of 110 color stimuli sampled from a commonly used color-order stimulus space. Results revealed greater reliance upon polylexemic naming among monolingual Vietnamese speakers and greater use of monolexemic basic hue terms and secondary terms (object glosses) among monolingual English speakers. Systematic differences across these language groups imply that widely used monolexemic naming methods may differentially impact color-naming findings in cross-cultural investigations of color cognition.
Immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangement in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia reveals preferential usage of JH-proximal variable gene segments
Authors: Mortuza Forida Y. , Moreira Ilidia M. , Papaioannou Maria , Gameiro Paula , Coyle Luke A. , Gricks Clair S. , Amlot Peter , Prentice Hugh Grant , Madrigal Alejandro , Hoffbrand Alan Victor , Foroni Letizia 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize individual-segment and overall patterns of VH gene usage in adult B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Theoretical values of VH segment usage were calculated with the assumption that all VH segments capable of undergoing rearrangement have an equal probability of selection for recombination. Leukemic clones from 127 patients with adult B-lineage acute leukemias were studied by fingerprinting by means of primers for the framework 1 and joining segments. Clones from early preimmune B cells (245 alleles identified) show a predominance of VH6 family rearrangements and, consequently, do not conform to this hypothesis. However, profiles of VH gene family usage in mature B cells, as investigated in peripheral blood (6 samples), B-cell lymphomas (36 clones) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (56 clones), are in agreement with this theoretical profile. Sequence analyses of 64 VH clones in adult ALL revealed that the rate of VH usage is proportional to the proximity of the VH gene to the JH locus and that the relationship can be mathematically defined. Except for VH6, no other VH gene is excessively used in adult ALL. VH pseudogenes are rarely used (n = 2), which implies the existence of early mechanisms in the pathway to B-cell maturation to reduce wasteful VH-(DH)-JHrecombination. Finally, similar to early immunoglobulin-H rearrangement patterns in the mouse, B cells of ALL derive from a pool of cells more immature than the cells in chronic lymphoid B-cell malignancies.
Long-lived polyclonal B-cell lines derived from midgestation mouse embryo lymphohematopoietic progenitors reconstitute adult immunodeficient mice
Authors: Martı́nez-M. José A. , Minguet Susana , Gonzalo Pilar , Soro Pilar G. , de Andrés Belén , Ízcue Ana , Marcos Miguel A. R. , Gaspar Marı́a-Luisa 
Published: July 2002

AbstractLymphohematopoietic progenitors derived from midgestation mouse embryos were established in long-term cultures with stromal cell monolayers and interleukin 7 (IL-7), giving rise to B-lineage cell lines. The initial emergence and in vitro establishment of these early embryo cell lines were highly sensitive to IL-7–mediated signals, in comparison to cell lines similarly obtained using precursors from late fetal liver (&gt; 13 days postcoitum) and adult bone marrow. The early embryo-derived progenitors spontaneously differentiated in vitro to CD19+IgM+ immature B cells in the presence of optimal concentrations of IL-7, in contrast to those progenitors obtained from late gestation and adult mice, whose differentiation only occurred in the absence of IL-7. The newly in vitro–generated B cells of the early embryo cell lines repopulated adult immunodeficient severe combined immunodeficient mice on their adoptive transfer in vivo and generated specific humoral immune responses after immunization.
West African Genetic Ancestry and Breast Cancer Outcomes Among Black Women
Authors: Reid Sonya , Fan Run , Venton Lindsay , Weidner Anne , Tezak Ann , Roberson Mya L. , Vadaparampil Susan , Wang Xuefeng , Yoder Sean , Rosa Marilin , Hirbo Jibril , Whisenant Jennifer G. , Pietenpol Jennifer , Rajagopal Padma Sheila , Lehmann Brian , Ye Fei , Pal Tuya 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceYoung Black women bear a disproportionate burden of breast cancer deaths compared with White women, yet they remain underrepresented in genomic studies.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of biological factors, including West African genetic ancestry, and nonbiological factors with disease-free survival (DFS) among young Black women with breast cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis observational cohort study included Black women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2016. Participants diagnosed with breast cancer at age 50 years or younger were recruited through the Florida and Tennessee state cancer registries. The final analysis was completed between June and September 2024.ExposureWest African genetic ancestry.Main Outcomes and MeasuresA multivariable model was developed to evaluate the association between West African genetic ancestry and breast cancer DFS, adjusting for immunohistochemistry subtype, lymph node (LN) status, and full-time employment.ResultsThis study included 687 Black women with early-stage invasive breast cancer. Their median age at diagnosis was 44 years (IQR, 38-47 years), and the median follow-up was 10 years (IQR, 7-11 years). In multivariable analysis, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and LN involvement were associated with shorter breast cancer DFS (hazard ratio, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.20-2.73] and 1.77 [95% CI, 1.30-2.41], respectively), whereas full-time employment was associated with improved outcomes (hazard ratio, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.30-0.63]). Among the 551 participants for whom global genetic ancestry could be assessed, having a higher percentage of West African genetic ancestry was associated with shorter breast cancer DFS among 246 participants in the hormone receptor (HR)–positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2 [formerly HER2])–negative subgroup (hazard ratio, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.04-2.04]). Of the 369 participants (53.7%) with PAM50 data available, basal (133 [36.0%]) and luminal B (107 [29.0%]) subtypes were the most common. Among the 179 patients with HR-positive/ERBB2-negative disease and PAM50 data available, luminal B and basal subtypes combined were also overrepresented (81 [45.3%] and 24 [13.4%], respectively) compared with luminal A (70 [39.1%]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study of young Black women with breast cancer, having a higher percentage of West African genetic ancestry, TNBC, and LN involvement were associated with shorter breast cancer DFS. Interestingly, full-time employment was associated with improved breast cancer DFS. These findings highlight the importance of considering genetic ancestry beyond self-reported race and accounting for social determinants of health, in efforts to improve survival outcomes among Black women with breast cancer.
Measuring Frailty in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Katz Patricia , Dall'Era Maria , Plantinga Laura , Barbour Kamil E. , Greenlund Kurt J. , Yazdany Jinoos 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveRecent research has explored frailty in systemic lupus erythematosus using multiple measures. We examined the agreement among frailty measures and the association of each with cross‐sectional and longitudinal health outcomes.MethodsWe used data from the California Lupus Epidemiology Study to examine the following measures of frailty: Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) Frailty Index (SLICC‐FI), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness, and Loss of Weight (FRAIL) scale questionnaire. Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function 10a (PF) was tested as a proxy measure of frailty. Agreement between frailty classifications by each measure was assessed. Cross‐sectional associations of frailty classifications with hospitalization, valued life activities disability, cognitive impairment, six‐minute walk test distance, self‐reported disease damage, fatigue, and depressive symptoms were assessed with logistic and linear regression analyses. Associations with hospitalization, disease damage increase, and disability increase over the subsequent three years were assessed by Cox proportional hazards analyses.ResultsPercentages of participants identified as frail varied among the measures, from 10.8% to 45.9%. Agreement among classifications ranged from slight to substantial (k from 0.17 to 0.63). Most of the frailty measures were associated with both cross‐sectional and longitudinal health outcomes, with the notable exception of the SPPB. SLICC‐FI had the most consistent association with outcomes, followed by FRAIL and PF.ConclusionMultiple measures of frailty appear to identify the risk of poor health outcomes. The intended use, as well as the simplicity and practicality of implementing the measure, may be the most important considerations in choosing a frailty measure.
A Single‐Atom Interface Engineering Strategy to Promote Hydrogen Sorption Performances of Magnesium Hydride
Authors: Li Yinghui , Ren Li , Yao Yingying , Zhao Yingyan , Xu Hao , Li Zhao , Li Zi , dai Xiaohan , Tian Yuhan , Cao Shusheng , Lin Xi , Ye Chongnan , Züttel Andreas , Zou Jianxin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMagnesium hydride (MgH2) is regarded as a promising hydrogen storage material owing to its high gravimetric and volumetric capacity and low cost. However, its large‐scale application is hampered by high stability leading to elevated temperature and slow kinetics for ab/desorption. To address these problems, herein, a composite having MgH2 nanoconfined in a 3D nickel single atoms doped porous carbon (MgH2@3D Ni SA‐pC) is successfully prepared. Benefitting from the nondestructive synthetic method, strong coupling between MgH2 and 3D Ni SA‐pC is achieved, and the composite exhibits superior hydrogen sorption performances as compared to blank MgH2. An onset desorption temperature down to 170 °C and the complete dehydrogenation at 250 °C within 60 min are observed. In particular, thermodynamics of MgH2 is improved (ΔHab = 67.9 kJ mol−1 H2) and the heterogenous interfaces are stable during cycling without the formation of an intermetallic Mg2Ni catalytic phase. Experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations show that the robust interfaces induce charge transfer from Mg/MgH2 to Ni SA‐pC, which contributes to the weakened Mg─H bonds and thereby improves kinetic and even thermodynamics. Such an interface engineering strategy using single‐atom Ni catalyst to simultaneously nano‐confine and catalyze MgH2 paves a way to the design of high‐performance hydrogen storage materials.
Rectifiable Conductive Thermal Diodes Enabling Thermal Circuits with Selectable Operations for Thermal Logic Applications
Authors: Li Tian , Zhao Feinan , Jiang Weitao , Li Guojun , Yin Lei , Chen Bangdao , Shi Yongsheng , Liu Hongzhong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThermal logic paves the way to replace electric logic in scenarios where electronic signals are susceptible to interference or traditional electronics cannot be used, however, is still considered a theoretical and numerical stage. Emerging thermal metalmaterials (TMMs) have the potential to enhance thermal information processes. Compared to TMMs with single‐and‐fixed heat transfer capabilities, rectifiable‐TMMs enable thermal circuits to perform selectable operations, but they are also limited by low operating temperatures and narrow temperature biases. Here, macro‐ and experimental thermal diodes with tree‐like eutectic gallium‐indium/printed polylactic‐acid (EGaIn/PPLA) interface, are demonstrated to be capable of extending asymmetric heat transfer difference to 5.81 times in ambient operation, compared with basic EGaIn/PPLA interface with an input temperature bias of 63.7 °C. Given this, basic thermal gates can be constructed through the incorporation of resistors and a pair of diodes working in the same or opposite directions, with the propagation delay time td within 18 min. Compound logic gates can be cascaded by basic gates in the same way as composed Boolean functions, with td within 4 min. Such thermal circuits prove to perform reliably under dynamic ambient conditions, advancing the engineering of devices designed to manipulate thermal energy and process abundant thermal information.