bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depressed Physical Performance Outlasts Hormonal Disturbances after Military Training
Authors: HAMARSLAND HÅVARD , PAULSEN GØRAN , SOLBERG PAUL A. , SLAATHAUG OLE GUNNAR , RAASTAD TRULS 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an arduous 1-wk military course on measures of physical performance, body composition, and blood biomarkers.

Methods
Participants were apprentices in an annual selection course for the Norwegian Special Forces. Fifteen soldiers (23 ± 4 yr, 1.81 ± 0.06 m, 78 ± 7 kg) completed a hell week consisting of rigorous activity only interspersed by 2 to 3 h of sleep per day. Testing was conducted before and 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 d after the hell week. Physical performance was measured as muscle strength and jump performance. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance and blood samples were collected and analyzed for hormones, creatine kinase, and C-reactive protein.

Results
Body mass was reduced by 5.3 ± 1.9 kg during the hell week and returned to baseline within 1 wk. Fat mass was reduced by 2.1 ± 1.7 kg and muscle mass by 1.9 ± 0.9 kg. Muscle strength in leg press and bench press was reduced by 20% ± 9% and 9% ± 7%, respectively, and both were approximately 10% lower than baseline after 1 wk of recovery. Jump-height was reduced by 28% ± 13% and was still 14% ± 5% below baseline after 2 wk of recovery. Testosterone was reduced by 70% ± 12% and recovered gradually within a week. Cortisol was increased by 154% ± 74% and did not fully recover during the next week. Insulin-like growth factor 1 was reduced by 51% ± 10% and triiodothyronine and thyroxine by 12% to 30%, all recovered within a week.

Conclusions
One-week arduous military exercise resulted in reductions in body mass and performance, as well as considerable hormonal disturbances. Our most important observation was that whereas the hormonal systems was normalized within 1 wk of rest and proper nutrition, lower body strength and jump performance were still depressed after 2 wk.
An Investigation of Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation in Adolescent Concussion
Authors: MOIR M. ERIN , BALESTRINI CHRISTOPHER S. , ABBOTT KOLTEN C. , KLASSEN STEPHEN A. , FISCHER LISA K. , FRASER DOUGLAS D. , SHOEMAKER J. KEVIN 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTPurposeAlthough cerebrovascular impairments are believed to contribute to concussion symptoms, little information exists regarding brain vasomotor control in adolescent concussion, particularly autoregulatory control that forms a fundamental response mechanism during changes in blood pressure. This research tested the hypothesis that adolescent concussion is marked by impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation.MethodsNineteen concussed adolescents (15 ± 2 yr, 13 females) and 18 healthy controls (15 ± 2 yr, 9 females) completed two sit-to-stand trials. Brachial artery blood pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity in the right middle cerebral artery were measured continuously. Dynamic rate of regulation was calculated as the rate of change in cerebrovascular resistance relative to the change in arterial blood pressure. The concussed adolescents were followed through their rehabilitation for up to 12 wk.ResultsAt the first visit, the concussed adolescents demonstrated reduced rate of regulation compared with the healthy controls (0.12 ± 0.04 vs 0.19 ± 0.06 s−1,P≤ 0.001). At the concussed adolescents final visit, after symptom resolution, the rate of regulation improved to levels that were not different from the healthy controls (n= 9; 0.15 ± 0.08 vs 0.19 ± 0.06 s−1,P= 0.06). Two distinct groups were observed at the final visit with some individuals experiencing recovery of dynamic cerebral autoregulation and others showing no marked change from the initial visit.ConclusionAdolescents demonstrate an impairment in dynamic cerebral autoregulation after concussion that improves along with clinical symptoms in some individuals and remains impaired in others despite symptom resolution.
Del desconocimiento a la vulnerabilidad jurídica: análisis de la protección efectiva de los derechos de los consumidores en la costa Caribe colombiana
Authors: Arrieta Flórez Rosaura , Marún Uparela Katleen Paola , Sayas Contreras Rafaela 
Published: June 2018

El presente artículo muestra el resultado de un análisis efectuado a las barreras de la protección efectiva de los derechos del consumidor en el caribe colombiano, desde el marco de competencias creado por la Ley 1480 de 2011 y su aplicación en la región. Este análisis se utilizó como insumo para sugerir medidas que permitan aumentar el nivel de protección de los derechos de los consumidores en las ciudades de Cartagena, Santa Marta y Sincelejo.En este contexto se encontró que la promoción en los territorios de los derechos por parte de las instituciones que hacen parte de la Red Nacional de Protección al Consumidor adquiere un papel preponderante frente a la protección de los mismos, por esta razón se muestran en este artículo las principales consecuencias de una promoción deficiente en la ruta de acceso y garantía de los derechos del consumidor, utilizando como categoría de análisis la vulnerabilidad jurídica.
Enhanced angiogenesis and increased bone turnover characterize bone marrow lesions in osteoarthritis at the base of the thumb
Authors: Shabestari M. , Kise N. J. , Landin M. A. , Sesseng S. , Hellund J. C. , Reseland J. E. , Eriksen E. F. , Haugen I. K. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives Little is known about tissue changes underlying bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in non-weight-bearing joints with osteoarthritis (OA). Our aim was to characterize BMLs in OA of the hand using dynamic histomorphometry. We therefore quantified bone turnover and angiogenesis in subchondral bone at the base of the thumb, and compared the findings with control bone from hip OA. Methods Patients with OA at the base of the thumb, or the hip, underwent preoperative MRI to assess BMLs, and tetracycline labelling to determine bone turnover. Three groups were compared: trapezium bones removed by trapeziectomy from patients with thumb base OA (n = 20); femoral heads with (n = 24); and those without (n = 9) BMLs obtained from patients with hip OA who underwent total hip arthroplasty. Results All trapezium bones demonstrated MRI-defined BMLs. Compared with femoral heads without BMLs, the trapezia demonstrated significantly higher bone turnover (mean sd 0.2 (0.1) versus 0.01 (0.01) µm3/µm2/day), mineralizing surface (18.5% (13.1) versus 1.4% (1.3)) and vascularity (5.2% (1.1) versus 1.2% (0.6)). Femoral heads with BMLs exhibited higher bone turnover (0.3 (0.2) versus 0.2 (0.1) µm3/µm2/day), a higher mineralization rate (26.6% (10.6) versus 18.6% (11.9)) and greater trabecular thickness (301.3 µm (108) versus 163.6 µm (24.8)) than the trapezia. Conclusion Bone turnover and angiogenesis were enhanced in BMLs of both the thumb base and hip OA, of which the latter exhibited the highest bone turnover. Thus, the increase in bone turnover in weight-bearing joints like the hip may be more pronounced than less mechanically loaded osteoarthritic joints demonstrating BMLs. The histological changes observed may explain the water signal from BMLs on MRI. Cite this article: M. Shabestari, N. J. Kise, M. A. Landin, S. Sesseng, J. C. Hellund, J. E. Reseland, E. F. Eriksen, I. K. Haugen. Enhanced angiogenesis and increased bone turnover characterize bone marrow lesions in osteoarthritis at the base of the thumb. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:406–413. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.76.BJR-2017-0083.R3.
La invisibilidad y el olvido: el trabajo de Thales Azevedo y su importancia para la antropología nacional
Authors: Gama Pereira Fabiana Maria 
Published: June 2018

Dentro del escenario institucionalizado de la Antropología brasileña, se percibe que algunos autores destacan mucho más que otros, llegando algunos de ellos a ser directamente excluidos en algunos casos y, por tanto, “borrados” de esa historia. Thales de Azevedo es un ejemplo, de entre otros tantos, que injustamente viene siendo cada vez menos mencionado en los medios académicos y, sin embargo, su obra es merecedora de mención por diversos motivos, entre ellos por la diversidad de temas que trató. Entre los años 1960 y 1980 Thales realizó sus estudios sobre rituales, los cuales se diferencian de los análisis clásicos, que se fundamentaban en torno a grandes categorías como sacrificio, oraciones, reciprocidad, magia etc. Thales de Azevedo pasó a tratar otro tipo de ritos: el enamoramiento, el noviazgo y el propio flirt forman parte de sus estudios. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar, a través de parte del material que Thales escribió, cuán importante es su obra en el escenario de la antropología brasileña, intentando llevar con esta discusión a cuestiones más amplias relacionadas con la invisibilidad de ciertos autores y obras en el escenario nacional.
Assessment of the quality of life in children and adolescents with asthma
Authors: Jović Duška , Petrović-Tepić Snežana , Knežević Darija 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Asthma is a global health problem that negatively affects various aspects of the quality of a person's life. The aim of the study was to examine the quality of life in children and adolescents with asthma and the correlation between the degree of asthma control and the quality of life.Methods: The cross-sectional study included 100 children and adolescents with asthma over a six-month period in 2015. The study used: Standardized Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ(S)) for the assessment quality of life and the questionnaires for the assessment of asthma control for two age groups: Asthma Control Test (ACT) for adolescents and Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT).Results: 62 boys and 38 girls aged 7−17, whose average age was 11.2 (s = 2.7) years were included in the study. The overall PAQLQ(S) score ranged between 3.30 and 7.00 with an average mean value of 5.95. The findings have showed that most children with asthma estimated their overall PAQLQ(S) on the positive end of the scale. The children reported more impairment in the domain of 'Emotion' (x = 5.84) than in 'Activities' and 'Symptoms'. The percentage of adolescents in the category of poor control (12.5 %) was significantly lower than in the group of children (25.0 %). In both groups of children, the sub-scale 'Symptoms' was in highest correlation with the degree of asthma control (r = 0.915, p < 0.01).Discussion and conclusion: In this study the children and adolescents with asthma showed an overall good quality of life. Control of asthma symptoms in children and adolescents positively influenced their quality of life.
Dojemanje dostojanstva pacientov z vidika zdravstvenih delavcev
Authors: Bahun Mateja , Skela-Savič Brigita 
Published: June 2018

Uvod: Človeško dostojanstvo je neodtujljiva pravica vsakega posameznika, njegovo ohranjanje pa temeljna naloga zdravstvenih delavcev. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, v kolikšni meri se med hospitalizacijo pacientom zagotavlja dostojanstvo ter kako to dojemajo zaposleni v zdravstvu.Metode: Raziskava temelji na eksplorativni kvantitativni raziskovalni metodi. Podatki so bili pridobljeni s strukturiranim vprašalnikom. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 267 priložnostno izbranih zdravstvenih delavcev iz petih slovenskih splošnih bolnišnic. Pridobljeni podatki so bili obdelani z bivariatno in multivariatno analizo.Rezultati: Splošno mnenje anketirancev o sodelavcih in njihovem zagotavljanju zasebnosti je dobro (x = 3,79, s = 0,70). Dojemanje dostojanstva se lahko pojasni v 52,18 % z osebno odgovornostjo zaposlenih (23,82 %), informiranostjo pacientov (16,62 %) in pacientovim sodelovanjem pri odločitvah (11,74 %). Poklicne skupine imajo različno stališče do informiranosti pacientov (F = 5,44, p = 0,001). Med vključenimi bolnišnicami so razlike v izvajanju aktivnosti: zapiranje vrat bolniške sobe (F = 9,07, p < 0,001), uporaba paravana ali zavese (F = 25,65, p < 0,001), nameščanje opozorila na vrata bolniške sobe (F = 28,16, p < 0,001) ter obveščanje pacientov o tem, kaj se bo dogajalo med intervencijami (F = 5,91, p = 0,001), aktivnosti pogosteje izvajajo zaposleni v zdravstveni negi s srednješolsko izobrazbo.Diskusija in zaključek: Med hospitalizacijo se dostojanstvo pacientom ne zagotavlja popolnoma, zato bodo rezultati lahko uporabni za načrtovanje izboljšanja strokovnega znanja, razumevanja področja dostojanstva ter infrastrukturnih in materialnih pogojev.
Reliability, Usefulness, and Factorial Validity of Change-of-direction Speed Tests in Adolescent Basketball Players
Authors: Stojanović Emilija , Aksović Nikola , Stojiljković Nenad , Stanković Ratko , Scanlan Aaron T. , Milanović Zoran 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Stojanović, E, Aksović, N, Stojiljković, N, Stanković, R, Scanlan, AT, and Milanović, Z. Reliability, usefulness, and factorial validity of change-of-direction speed tests in adolescent basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 3162–3173, 2019—The purposes of this study were to (1) determine the reliability, usefulness, and factorial validity of change-of-direction speed (CODS) tests in adolescent basketball players and (2) evaluate positional differences in test performances. Elite, adolescent male basketball players (n = 53; 17.3 ± 1.0 years) completed 6 CODS tests: “Lane Arrow Closeout,” “Lane Agility Drill,” “Reactive Shuttle Test,” “Run-Shuffle-Run,” “Compass Drill,” and “Modified 505 Test.” Players completed 3 trials of each test. All tests demonstrated acceptable reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.50–0.88; coefficient of variation: 5.1–7.9%). The typical error (TE) calculated for each test was above the smallest worthwhile change, rating the usefulness of all tests as marginal. The principal component factor analysis in all tests resulted in the extraction of one significant component that explained 74% of the total variance across tests. Positional comparisons showed that backcourt (guards) players performed better (small to moderate differences) in all CODS tests compared with frontcourt (forwards and centers) players. All tests were deemed reliable and valid in adolescent basketball players. The “Lane Agility Drill” and “Run-Shuffle-Run” tests seem the most appropriate to quantify changes in CODS possessing the lowest TE, whereas the “Lane Arrow Closeout” and “Lane Agility Drill” tests are the most sensitive in detecting positional differences.
Influence of Training Models at 3,900-m Altitude on the Physiological Response and Performance of a Professional Wheelchair Athlete: A Case Study
Authors: Sanz-Quinto Santiago , López-Grueso Raúl , Brizuela Gabriel , Flatt Andrew A. , Moya-Ramón Manuel 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Sanz-Quinto, S, López-Grueso, R, Brizuela, G, Flatt, AA, and Moya-Ramón, M. Influence of training models at 3,900-m altitude on the physiological response and performance of a professional wheelchair athlete: A case study. J Strength Cond Res 33(6): 1715–1723, 2019—This case study compared the effects of two training camps using flexible planning (FP) vs. inflexible planning (IP) at 3,860-m altitude on physiological and performance responses of an elite marathon wheelchair athlete with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). During IP, the athlete completed preplanned training sessions. During FP, training was adjusted based on vagally mediated heart rate variability (HRV) with specific sessions being performed when a reference HRV value was attained. The camp phases were baseline in normoxia (BN), baseline in hypoxia (BH), specific training weeks 1–4 (W1, W2, W3, W4), and Post-camp (Post). Outcome measures included the root mean square of successive R-R interval differences (rMSSD), resting heart rate (HRrest), oxygen saturation (SO2), diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure, power output and a 3,000-m test. A greater impairment of normalized rMSSD (BN) was shown in IP during BH (57.30 ± 2.38% vs. 72.94 ± 11.59%, p = 0.004), W2 (63.99 ± 10.32% vs. 81.65 ± 8.87%, p = 0.005), and W4 (46.11 ± 8.61% vs. 59.35 ± 6.81%, p = 0.008). At Post, only in FP was rMSSD restored (104.47 ± 35.80%). Relative changes were shown in power output (+3 W in IP vs. +6 W in FP) and 3,000-m test (−7s in IP vs. −16s in FP). This case study demonstrated that FP resulted in less suppression and faster restoration of rMSSD and more positive changes in performance than IP in an elite wheelchair marathoner with CMT.
A Review on Soil-Water Retention Scaling in Centrifuge Modeling of Unsaturated Sands
Authors: Mirshekari Morteza , Ghayoomi Majid , Borghei Amin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Centrifuge testing has been increasingly implemented to characterize the mechanical and hydraulic behavior of partially saturated soils. Common procedures include unsaturated flow and capillary ascending from an identified water table. The employment of these methods involves experimental challenges, including ways to generate, control, and measure water content and suction in soil as well as mapping the model results to their prototype values. This article summarizes and reviews the state-of-the-art in centrifuge testing of unsaturated soils and presents the results of a set of centrifuge experiments on unsaturated fine sand layers. The unsaturated condition was developed following two procedures, i.e., steady state infiltration and capillary rise from a saturated zone, and the results were presented in terms of volumetric water content and matric suction. Discharge velocity and centrifuge gravitational field were varied to obtain different uniform degrees of saturation profiles during the steady state flow. The capillary ascending was investigated at different g-levels where the specimen underwent a drying path from a fully saturated condition by consecutively lowering the water table. The results demonstrated a negligible influence of the g-level on the Soil Water Retention Curves. Significant hysteresis was observed during the tests involving steady state infiltration. Although, because of the capillary finger phenomenon, capillary ascending did not occur uniformly along the soil layers, the length scaling factor of 1/N was successfully employed to project prototype capillary height to its model value.
Contra o Estado Novo: manifestações e organizações em Portugal no período marcelista (1968-1974)
Authors: Cabreira Pamela Peres 
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo tem como proposta introduzir uma breve discussão sobre alguns nichos de organizações civis contra o Estado Novo, estabelecidos em Portugal durante seu período ditatorial (1926-1974). O país passará por 48 anos de regime autoritário, baseado no fascismo, no corporativismo e na privação de direitos. Nossa premissa é a de que o país não encontrava-se “adormecido” frente a situação nacional no período precedente à Revolução de 25 de Abril de 1974. Baseando-se em fontes documentais, sobretudo o periódico Avante! Clandestino e discussão bibliográfica, buscaremos discutir o papel do Partido Comunista Português, os levantamentos nos quartéis, as organizações estudantis e de forma muito breve a organização operária, dada a limitação espacial, enquanto frentes mobilizadoras e legitimadoras de uma luta contra o sistema retrógrado do Estado Novo em Portugal. Palavras-Chave: Portugal; Revolução de Abril; Organizações Civis.
Seeing “No Guiltless Minds”
Authors: Reich Noa 
Published: June 2018

Noa Reich, “Seeing ‘No Guiltless Minds’: Inheritance and Liability in Wilkie Collins’s Armadale” (pp. 30–67)
This essay suggests that the articulation of inherited guilt as a type of liability in Wilkie Collins’s Armadale (1866) invites us to reframe inheritance as central both to the Victorian credit economy and to the period’s fictional engagements with the effects of this economy. I begin by examining mid-nineteenth-century legal and political debates about limited corporate liability and estate debts, as well as legal theorist Henry Sumner Maine’s account of succession in Ancient Law (1861), which rests on an analogy between the family and the corporation. With their tropes of transmitted guilt, these discussions point to anxieties arising from the law’s construction of inherited identity as simultaneously individual and intergenerational, a paradox that both refracts and challenges nineteenth-century liberal contractual notions of identity. Armadale explores these issues through its depiction of the testator-heir dynamic as indeterminately singular and double, its association of inheritance with speculative ventures and impersonation, and its vacillation between affirming and limiting intergenerational liability. But it also fosters an alternative, mediating form of responsibility, which I call vicarious liability: a substitutive, imaginative liability both prompted and reinforced by the novel’s competing narrative perspectives and shifting or ambiguous focalization, as well as its embedded letters, diaries, and the depiction of reading as a path to identification with another’s guilt. Armadale’s take on inheritance may thus be read as a proposal for what the novel itself offers a hyper-contractual modernity: a framework for engaging in vicarious experiences of liability.
A novel approach to basal-bolus insulin initiation in adults with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes: an observational cohort study of a service redesign
Authors: Hopkinson Helen E , White Anna D , Nightingale Peter , Narendran Parth 
Published: June 2018

Aims: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommendation for insulin in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes is a ‘basal-bolus’ regimen of prandial insulin with twice-daily basal insulin initiated at diagnosis. We developed an insulin initiation programme that embraces the contribution of endogenous insulin to glycaemic control in adults newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Our aim was to embed carbohydrate counting skills and dose adjustment very early on to mitigate against the decline in glycaemic control that is commonly seen post honeymoon.Methods: We designed a novel insulin initiation programme that focused initially on prandial insulin replacement using the lowest possible dose of basal insulin. The approach also facilitates carbohydrate counting and bolus insulin dose adjustment behaviours from diagnosis.Results: Prior to implementing the new programme, the mean HbA1c at 12 months was 64 mmol/mol (8.0%) (95% CI 60 to 69 (7.6% to 8.4%)). This reduced to 55 mmol/mol (7.1%) (95% CI 51 to 58 (6.9% to 7.4%)), p<0.001 with the new programme. The improved HbA1c persisted to 3 years of follow-up (p<0.001). There were no episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis or severe hypoglycaemia associated with this novel approach.Conclusions: We suggest that using minimal basal insulin and focusing on prandial bolus insulin replacement in adults newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes is safe, more physiological and may be better able to achieve lasting glycaemic control than the currently proposed national guidelines. This approach will need to be tested formally in an adequately designed randomised controlled clinical trial.