bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum advantage for probabilistic one-time programs
Authors: Roehsner Marie-Christine , Kettlewell Joshua A. , Batalhão Tiago B. , Fitzsimons Joseph F. , Walther Philip 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOne-time programs, computer programs which self-destruct after being run only once, are a powerful building block in cryptography and would allow for new forms of secure software distribution. However, ideal one-time programs have been proved to be unachievable using either classical or quantum resources. Here we relax the definition of one-time programs to allow some probability of error in the output and show that quantum mechanics offers security advantages over purely classical resources. We introduce a scheme for encoding probabilistic one-time programs as quantum states with prescribed measurement settings, explore their security, and experimentally demonstrate various one-time programs using measurements on single-photon states. These include classical logic gates, a program to solve Yao’s millionaires problem, and a one-time delegation of a digital signature. By combining quantum and classical technology, we demonstrate that quantum techniques can enhance computing capabilities even before full-scale quantum computers are available.
GPCR-specific autoantibody signatures are associated with physiological and pathological immune homeostasis
Authors: Cabral-Marques Otavio , Marques Alexandre , Giil Lasse Melvær , De Vito Roberta , Rademacher Judith , Günther Jeannine , Lange Tanja , Humrich Jens Y. , Klapa Sebastian , Schinke Susanne , Schimke Lena F. , Marschner Gabriele , Pitann Silke , Adler Sabine , Dechend Ralf , Müller Dominik N. , Braicu Ioana , Sehouli Jalid , Schulze-Forster Kai , Trippel Tobias , Scheibenbogen Carmen , Staff Annetine , Mertens Peter R. , Löbel Madlen , Mastroianni Justin , Plattfaut Corinna , Gieseler Frank , Dragun Duska , Engelhardt Barbara Elizabeth , Fernandez-Cabezudo Maria J. , Ochs Hans D. , al-Ramadi Basel K. , Lamprecht Peter , Mueller Antje , Heidecke Harald , Riemekasten Gabriela 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAutoantibodies have been associated with autoimmune diseases. However, studies have identified autoantibodies in healthy donors (HD) who do not develop autoimmune disorders. Here we provide evidence of a network of immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) in HD compared to patients with systemic sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and ovarian cancer. Sex, age and pathological conditions affect autoantibody correlation and hierarchical clustering signatures, yet many of the correlations are shared across all groups, indicating alterations to homeostasis. Furthermore, we identify relationships between autoantibodies targeting structurally and functionally related molecules, such as vascular, neuronal or chemokine receptors. Finally, autoantibodies targeting the endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA) exhibit chemotactic activity, as demonstrated by neutrophil migration toward HD-IgG in an EDNRA-dependent manner and in the direction of IgG from EDNRA-immunized mice. Our data characterizing the in vivo signatures of anti-GPCR autoantibodies thus suggest that they are a physiological part of the immune system.
Real-time determination of enantiomeric and isomeric content using photoelectron elliptical dichroism
Authors: Comby A. , Bloch E. , Bond C. M. M. , Descamps D. , Miles J. , Petit S. , Rozen S. , Greenwood J. B. , Blanchet V. , Mairesse Y. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe fast and accurate analysis of chiral chemical mixtures is crucial for many applications but remains challenging. Here we use elliptically-polarized femtosecond laser pulses at high repetition rates to photoionize chiral molecules. The 3D photoelectron angular distribution produced provides molecular fingerprints, showing a strong forward-backward asymmetry which depends sensitively on the molecular structure and degree of ellipticity. Continuously scanning the laser ellipticity and analyzing the evolution of the rich, multi-dimensional molecular signatures allows us to observe real-time changes in the chemical and chiral content present with unprecedented speed and accuracy. We measure the enantiomeric excess of a compound with an accuracy of 0.4% in 10 min acquisition time, and follow the evolution of a mixture with an accuracy of 5% with a temporal resolution of 3 s. This method is even able to distinguish isomers, which cannot be easily distinguished by mass-spectrometry.
Manganese based layered oxides with modulated electronic and thermodynamic properties for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Kai , Kim Duho , Hu Zhe , Park Mihui , Noh Gahee , Yang Yujeong , Zhang Jing , Lau Vincent Wing-hei , Chou Shu-Lei , Cho Maenghyo , Choi Si-Young , Kang Yong-Mook 
Published: November 2018

AbstractManganese based layered oxides have received increasing attention as cathode materials for sodium ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacities and good sodium ion conductivities. However, the Jahn–Teller distortion arising from the manganese (III) centers destabilizes the host structure and deteriorates the cycling life. Herein, we report that zinc-doped Na0.833[Li0.25Mn0.75]O2 can not only suppress the Jahn–Teller effect but also reduce the inherent phase separations. The reduction of manganese (III) amount in the zinc-doped sample, as predicted by first-principles calculations, has been confirmed by its high binding energies and the reduced octahedral structural variations. In the viewpoint of thermodynamics, the zinc-doped sample has lower formation energy, more stable ground states, and fewer spinodal decomposition regions than those of the undoped sample, all of which make it charge or discharge without any phase transition. Hence, the zinc-doped sample shows superior cycling performance, demonstrating that zinc doping is an effective strategy for developing high-performance layered cathode materials.
Thermal assisted self-organization of calcium carbonate
Authors: Zhang Gan , Verdugo-Escamilla Cristobal , Choquesillo-Lazarte Duane , García-Ruiz Juan Manuel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFabrication of mineral multi-textured architectures by self-organization is a formidable challenge for engineering. Current approaches follow a biomimetic route for hybrid materials based on the coupling of carbonate and organic compounds. We explore here the chemical coupling of silica and carbonate, leading to fabrication of inorganic–inorganic biomimetic structures known as silica-carbonate biomorphs. So far, biomorphic structures were restricted to orthorhombic barium, strontium, and calcium carbonate. We demonstrate that, monohydrocalcite a hydrous form of calcium carbonate with trigonal structure can also form biomorphic structures, thus showing biomorphic growth is not dictated by the carbonate crystal structure. We show that it is possible to control the growth regime, and therefore the texture and overall shape, by tuning the growth temperature, thereby shifting the textural pattern within the production of a given architecture. This finding opens a promising route to the fabrication of complex multi-textured self-organized material made of silica and chalk.
Three-dimensional atomic scale electron density reconstruction of octahedral tilt epitaxy in functional perovskites
Authors: Yuan Yakun , Lu Yanfu , Stone Greg , Wang Ke , Brooks Charles M. , Schlom Darrell G. , Sinnott Susan B. , Zhou Hua , Gopalan Venkatraman 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOctahedral tilts are the most ubiquitous distortions in perovskite-related structures that can dramatically influence ferroelectric, magnetic, and electronic properties; yet the paradigm of tilt epitaxy in thin films is barely explored. Non-destructively characterizing such epitaxy in three-dimensions for low symmetry complex tilt systems composed of light anions is a formidable challenge. Here we demonstrate that the interfacial tilt epitaxy can transform ultrathin calcium titanate, a non-polar earth-abundant mineral, into high-temperature polar oxides that last above 900 K. The comprehensive picture of octahedral tilts and polar distortions is revealed by reconstructing the three-dimensional electron density maps across film-substrate interfaces with atomic resolution using coherent Bragg rod analysis. The results are complemented with aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, film superstructure reflections, and are in excellent agreement with density functional theory. The study could serve as a broader template for non-destructive, three-dimensional atomic resolution probing of complex low symmetry functional interfaces.
Prediction of the strength and timing of sunspot cycle 25 reveal decadal-scale space environmental conditions
Authors: Bhowmik Prantika , Nandy Dibyendu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Sun’s activity cycle governs the radiation, particle and magnetic flux in the heliosphere creating hazardous space weather. Decadal-scale variations define space climate and force the Earth’s atmosphere. However, predicting the solar cycle is challenging. Current understanding indicates a short window for prediction best achieved at previous cycle minima. Utilizing magnetic field evolution models for the Sun’s surface and interior we perform the first century-scale, data-driven simulations of solar activity and present a scheme for extending the prediction window to a decade. Our ensemble forecast indicates cycle 25 would be similar or slightly stronger than the current cycle and peak around 2024. Sunspot cycle 25 may thus reverse the substantial weakening trend in solar activity which has led to speculation of an imminent Maunder-like grand minimum and cooling global climate. Our simulations demonstrate fluctuation in the tilt angle distribution of sunspots is the dominant mechanism responsible for solar cycle variability.
Precision and efficiency in solid-state pseudopotential calculations
Authors: Prandini Gianluca , Marrazzo Antimo , Castelli Ivano E. , Mounet Nicolas , Marzari Nicola 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDespite the enormous success and popularity of density-functional theory, systematic verification and validation studies are still limited in number and scope. Here, we propose a protocol to test publicly available pseudopotential libraries, based on several independent criteria including verification against all-electron equations of state and plane-wave convergence tests for phonon frequencies, band structure, cohesive energy and pressure. Adopting these criteria we obtain curated pseudopotential libraries (named SSSP or standard solid-state pseudopotential libraries), that we target for high-throughput materials screening (“SSSP efficiency”) and high-precision materials modelling (“SSSP precision”). This latter scores highest among open-source pseudopotential libraries available in the Δ-factor test of equations of states of elemental solids.
Predicting the structure and stability of titanium oxide electrides
Authors: Zhong Xin , Xu Meiling , Yang Lili , Qu Xin , Yang Lihua , Zhang Miao , Liu Hanyu , Ma Yanming 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe search for new inorganic electrides has attracted significant attention due to their potential applications in transparent conductors, battery electrodes, electron emitters, as well as catalysts for chemical synthesis. However, only a few inorganic electrides have been successfully synthesized thus far, limiting the variety of electride examples. Here, we show the stabilization of inorganic electrides in the Ti-rich Ti–O system through first-principles calculations in conjunction with swarm-intelligence-based CALYPSO method for structure prediction. Besides the known Ti-rich stoichiometries of Ti2O, Ti3O, and Ti6O, two hitherto unknown Ti4O and Ti5O stoichiometries are predicted to be thermodynamically stable at certain pressure conditions. We found that these Ti-rich Ti–O compounds are primarily zero-dimensional electrides with excess electrons confined in the atom-sized lattice voids or between the cationic layers playing the role as anions. The underlying mechanism behind the stabilization of electrides has been rationalized in terms of the excess electrons provided by Ti atoms and their accommodation of excess electrons by multiple cavities and layered atomic packings. The present results provide a viable direction for searching for practical electrides in the technically important Ti–O system.
Extra-Visual Systems in the Spatial Reorientation of Cavefish
Authors: Sovrano Valeria Anna , Potrich Davide , Foà Augusto , Bertolucci Cristiano 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDisoriented humans and animals are able to reorient themselves using environmental geometry (“metric properties” and “sense”) and local features, also relating geometric to non-geometric information. Here we investigated the presence of these reorientation spatial skills in two species of blind cavefish (Astyanax mexicanus and Phreatichthys andruzzii), in order to understand the possible role of extra-visual senses in similar spatial tasks. In a rectangular apparatus, with all homogeneous walls (geometric condition) or in presence of a tactilely different wall (feature condition), cavefish were required to reorient themselves after passive disorientation. We provided the first evidence that blind cavefish, using extra-visual systems, were able i) to use geometric cues, provided by the shape of the tank, in order to recognize two geometric equivalent corners on the diagonal, and ii) to integrate the geometric information with the salient cue (wall with a different surface structure), in order to recover a specific corner. These findings suggest the ecological salience of the environmental geometry for spatial orientation in animals and, despite the different niches of adaptation, a potential shared background for spatial navigation. The geometric spatial encoding seems to constitute a common cognitive tool needed when the environment poses similar requirements to living organisms.
Prinzipien der Osteosynthese im Bereich des
Gesichtsschädels
Authors: Wilde Frank , Schramm Alexander 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungWährend sich die Grundprinzipien der Osteosyntheseverfahren bei der
Gesichtsschädelrekonstruktion in den letzten Jahren wenig verändert haben, fand
durch Weiterentwicklung der Osteosynthesesysteme und Instrumente sowie durch die
Implementierung der computerassistierten Chirurgie einschließlich der Verwendung
anatomisch präformierter oder patientenspezifischer Implantate eine
entscheidende Weiterentwicklung statt.
Optimale Belastung
Authors: Glasgow Phil 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungUnter Sportphysiotherapeuten besteht weitgehend Einigkeit darüber, dass ein
sorgfältig geplantes und konsequent durchgeführtes Training das beste Mittel
ist, einen verletzten Sportler so schnell wie möglich in den Wettkampf
zurückzuführen. Doch wie findet man heraus, welche Belastungen man einem
Rekonvaleszenten zumuten kann? Phil Glasgow hat sich dazu grundlegende Gedanken
gemacht.
The Involvement of Toll-like Receptor-2 in Arterial Thrombus Formation
Authors: Reinhardt Christoph 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere is emerging evidence for the participation of toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) expressed on platelets and endothelial cells in the setting of arterial thrombosis. In isolated human platelets, TLR2/1 activation was demonstrated to induce platelet activation, secretion, aggregation, adhesion to collagen coatings and the formation of platelet–leukocyte conjugates, whereas murine platelets were less sensitive to TLR2/1 stimulation. Also, endothelial cells can be activated by stimulation with TLR2 agonists, resulting in increased expression of adhesion molecules, synthesis of inflammatory mediators and Weibel–Palade body exocytosis. Endothelial TLR2 signalling promotes atherosclerotic lesion development in mouse atherosclerosis models. Experiments with germ-free mouse models demonstrated that the presence of commensal microbiota increased endothelial von Willebrand factor synthesis in the liver through TLR2. In the carotid artery ligation model, the elevated von Willebrand factor plasma levels enhanced platelet deposition to the injury site. Furthermore, in the hyperlipidemic ApoE-deficient mouse model, TLR2 deficiency was shown to protect from ferric chloride–induced carotid artery thrombosis. This review article provides an overview on TLR2 signalling in platelets and the vascular endothelium and summarizes how TLR2 signalling contributes to arterial thrombosis.
Isolated Fetal Cardiac Abnormalities: Are They Really Isolated?
Authors: Razavi Armin , Chasen Stephen 
Published: November 2018

Objective To determine the rate of unsuspected noncardiac abnormalities in newborns suspected to have isolated cardiac abnormalities in the second trimester.
Study Design A review of the ultrasound database from the Weill Cornell Medical Center identified fetuses with a suspected cardiac abnormality from January 2006 to November 2016. Cases with prenatally suspected noncardiac structural abnormalities, abnormal fetal or neonatal karyotype or microarray, and those who delivered at an outside institution or underwent abortion were excluded. Neonatal records were reviewed to confirm prenatal findings and to identify anomalies not suspected in the second trimester.
Results Sixty-eight live births met the inclusion criteria. Five newborns (7.4%) had major abnormalities not identified in the second trimester. Three newborns had an imperforate anus. One newborn had left hydronephrosis and absent right lung, and one had hemifacial microsomia and fused ribs. All five newborns with unsuspected anomalies were in the group with suspected conotruncal anomalies, with a 11.9% rate of unsuspected anomalies versus 0% in those with nonconotruncal cardiac anomalies (p = 0.15).
Conclusion Patients with a suspected isolated fetal cardiac anomaly on ultrasound should be aware of the possibility of other major structural abnormalities, especially in cases of conotruncal cardiac anomalies.
Uncommon Complications after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Palazzolo Anna , Rosso Federica , Bonasia Davide , Saccia Francesco , Rossi Roberto ,   Knee Committee SIGASCOT
Published: November 2018

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) is a common surgical procedure, with good outcome in 75 to 97% of the cases. However, different complications have been described including infection, hemarthrosis, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE) with a rate ranging from 1 to 15%. There are few case reports in the literature describing rare complications after ACL-R and they can be divided into: (1) complications related to the fixation device (rupture, migration); (2) fractures (tibial or femoral side); (3) infections due to uncommon bacteria, mycobacterium, and mycosis; (4) rare vascular injuries; (5) nerve injuries; and (6) other rare complications. In case of fixation device rupture or migration, device removal can be easy but the diagnosis may be challenging. Patellar fracture after ACL-R may be related to harvesting and it is not uncommon. Conversely, femoral or tibial fractures are most frequently due to bone weakness related to bone tunnels. Some rare infections related to uncommon bacteria or mycosis are also described with potentially devastating joint damage. Popliteal artery injuries are uncommon in ACL-R but minor vessels damages are described with possible severe consequences for patients. Injuries to the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve are not uncommon in ACL-R. However, there are few case reports also describing injuries to the saphenous nerve, the common peroneal nerve and the sciatic nerve. The aim of this paper is to review the literature describing uncommon complications after ACL-R, giving some more information about diagnosis and treatment.
Risk Factors and Maternal Morbidity Associated with Unintentional Hysterotomy Extension at the Time of Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Bligard Katherine H. , Durst Jennifer K. , Stout Molly J. , Martin Shannon , Cahill Alison G. , Macones George A. , Tuuli Methodius G. 
Published: November 2018

Objective Our aim was to estimate the incidence of unintentional hysterotomy extension at the time of cesarean delivery and to identify associated risk factors and maternal morbidity.
Study Design We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial evaluating chlorhexidine-alcohol versus iodine-alcohol for skin antisepsis in women undergoing cesarean delivery. We included patients with a low transverse hysterotomy. The primary outcome was the incidence of unintentional hysterotomy extension. Logistic regression was performed to identify independent factors associated with hysterotomy extension. Maternal morbidity was compared between patients with and without extension.
Results Of 1,038 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 71 (6.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.4–8.5%) experienced a hysterotomy extension. Of several potential risk factors assessed, the second stage of labor was the only independent predictor of hysterotomy extension (adjusted odds ratio: 10.2; 95% CI: 2.6–39.8). Hysterotomy extension was associated with increased operative time (73 vs. 55.3 minutes; p< 0.01), need for blood transfusion (relative risk: 5; 95% CI: 1.6–15.2), and rate of additional surgical injury (RR: 17; 95% CI: 6.9–41.8).
Conclusion Hysterotomy extensions are not infrequent at the time of cesarean delivery and are associated with increased maternal morbidity. Cesarean delivery during the second stage of labor is the main independent risk factor for hysterotomy extension.
Methods for chemical synthesis of colloidal gold
Authors: Dykman Lev A. , Khlebtsov Nikolay G. 
Published: November 2018

Published data on the chemical synthesis of colloidal gold are summarized and systematized. Attention is focused on the state-of-the-art concepts behind the mechanisms of citrate synthesis and its control parameters, methods for fabrication of ultrafine particles (1 – 5 nm) and the control over the particle spherical shape and size in the range from 10 to 200 nm. The synthesis of gold nanoparticles in organic solvents, in particular, the two-phase Brust – Schiffrin method are discussed. The methods for obtaining gold nanoparticles with the use of synthetic and natural biopolymers that can act simultaneously as reducing agents and surface stabilizers (functional agents) are considered. The studies in which important nanomedicine drugs are used as reducing agents and ligands are analyzed.The bibliography includes 285 references.
Chemical methods for selective cleavage of glycosidic bonds in the structural analysis of bacterial polysaccharides
Authors: Knirel Yuriy A. , Naumenko Olesya I. , Senchenkova Sof’ya N. , Perepelov Andrei V. 
Published: November 2018

This review is devoted to methods for the selective cleavage of glycosidic bonds. The mechanisms of reactions underlying these methods are considered and examples of their practical application in the structural analysis of bacterial polysaccharides are given. Specific methods for the selective cleavage of polysaccharides, remaining relevant for researchers, include the Smith degradation based on destruction of monosaccharides containing vicinal diol groups, dephosphorylation of phosphate-containing polysaccharides with hydrofluoric acid and the hydrolytic cleavage of glycosyl phosphate bonds in the latter compounds. Non-specific methods, including partial acid hydrolysis, acetolysis and solvolysis with anhydrous organic (CF3SO3H, MeSO3H, CF3CO2H) and inorganic (HF) acids do not make any specific demands on the composition and structure of the polysaccharide and are sensitive to its fine structural features. The review addesses the issue of stability of glycosidic bonds in various monosaccharides to reagents used for non-specific selective cleavage.
The bibliography includes 58 references.