bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-Carbohydrate Training Increases Protein Requirements of Endurance Athletes
Authors: GILLEN JENNA B. , WEST DANIEL W. D. , WILLIAMSON ERIC P. , FUNG HUGO J. W. , MOORE DANIEL R. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Training with low-carbohydrate (CHO) availability enhances markers of aerobic adaptation and has become popular to periodize throughout an endurance-training program. However, exercise-induced amino acid oxidation is increased with low muscle glycogen, which may limit substrate availability for postexercise protein synthesis. We aimed to determine the impact of training with low-CHO availability on estimates of dietary protein requirements.

Methods
Eight endurance-trained males (27 ± 4 yr, 75 ± 10 kg, 67 ± 10 mL·kg body mass−1·min−1) completed two trials matched for energy and macronutrient composition but with differing CHO periodization. In the low-CHO availability trial (LOW), participants consumed 7.8 g CHO−1·kg−1 before evening high-intensity interval training (10 × 5 min at 10-km race pace, 1 min rest) and subsequently withheld CHO postexercise (0.2 g·kg−1). In the high-CHO availability trial (HIGH), participants consumed 3 g CHO·kg−1 during the day before high-intensity interval training, and consumed 5 g CHO·kg−1 that evening to promote muscle glycogen resynthesis. A 10-km run (~80% HRmax) was performed the following morning, fasted (LOW) or 1 h after consuming 1.2 g CHO·kg−1 (HIGH). Whole-body phenylalanine flux and oxidation were determined over 8 h of recovery via oral [13C]phenylalanine ingestion, according to standard indicator amino acid oxidation methodology, while consuming sufficient energy, 7.8 g CHO·kg−1·d−1, and suboptimal protein (0.93 g·kg−1·d−1).

Results
Fat oxidation (indirect calorimetry) during the 10-km run was higher in LOW compared with HIGH (0.99 ± 0.35 g·min−1 vs 0.60 ± 0.26 g·min−1, P < 0.05). phenylalanine flux during recovery was not different between trials (P > 0.05) whereas phenylalanine oxidation (reciprocal of protein synthesis) was higher in LOW compared with HIGH (8.8 ± 2.7 μmol·kg−1·h−1 vs 7.9 ± 2.4 μmol·kg−1·h−1, P < 0.05), suggesting a greater amino acid requirement to support rates of whole-body protein synthesis.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that performing endurance exercise with low-CHO availability increases protein requirements of endurance athletes.
Development and assessment of the feasibility of a Zika family support programme: a study protocol
Authors: Duttine Antony , Smythe Tracey , Calheiro de Sá Miriam Ribiero , Ferrite Silvia , Moreira Maria Elisabeth , Kuper Hannah 
Published: May 2019

The Zika virus outbreak in Brazil in 2015 affected thousands of people. Zika is now known to cause congenital malformations leading to impairments and developmental delays in affected children, including Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Children with CZS have complex care needs. Caregivers require significant levels of support to meet these needs, and there are large gaps in healthcare services. This study aims to develop, pilot and assess the feasibility and scalability of a community-based Family Support Programme for caregivers of children with CZS. The programme is adapted from the Getting to Know Cerebral Palsy (GTKCP) programme for the context of CZS in Brazil. GTKCP is a 10-session programme held with 6-10 caregivers in the local community. It includes practical, educational, peer-support and psychosocial aspects, which aim to improve confidence and capacity to care for a child with CP, and quality of life and empowerment of caregivers. The research project contains four components: Ascertaining need for the caregiver programme: a mixed-methods approach that included two literature reviews, interviews with key stakeholders in country, and incorporation of findings from the Social and Economic Impact of Zika study.Adapting GTKCP for the context of CZS and Brazil: undertaken with guidance from technical experts.Pilot testing the intervention: deliver the 10-session programme to one group of caregivers of children with CZS in Rio de Janeiro and another in Greater Salvador.Update the manual through fast-track learning from participant and facilitator feedback. Assessing the feasibility of the intervention for scale up: deliver the updated programme to two groups each in Rio de Janeiro and Greater Salvador, and evaluate the acceptability, demand, implementation, practicality, adaptation, integration, expansion, and limited efficacy, through questionnaires, direct observation, semi-structured interviews and cost calculation. The project has ethics approval in both the UK and Brazil.
Stage 2 Registered Report: There is no appreciable relationship between strength of hand preference and language ability in 6- to 7-year-old children
Authors: Pritchard Verena E. , Malone Stephanie A. , Burgoyne Kelly , Heron-Delaney Michelle , Bishop Dorothy V.M. , Hulme Charles 
Published: May 2019

Background:Weak or inconsistent hand preference has been postulated to be a risk factor for developmental language delay. Following on from our Registered Stage 1 report this study assessed the extent to which variations in language skills are associated with the strength of hand preference.Methods:Data are drawn from a large sample (N= 569) of 6- to 7-year-old children unselected for ability, assessed at two time points, 6 months apart. Hand preference was assessed using the Quantitative Hand Preference (QHP) task and five uni-manual motor tasks. Language skills (expressive and receptive vocabulary, receptive grammar, and morphological awareness) were assessed with standardized measures.Results:We found QHP scores did not distinguish children with weaker language skills from those with stronger language skills and the correlation between QHP scores and language ability was negligible in this study. Hand preference on the QHP task was significantly stronger among right-handed than left-handed children and left-handed children were typically inconsistent in the hand used across different tasks. Conclusions:The findings presented here fail to provide any support for the theory that weak cerebral lateralisation (as assessed here by the QHP task) places children at risk of language difficulties.Stage 1 report: https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15077.1
Does Price Fixing Benefit Corporate Managers?
Authors: González Tanja Artiga , Schmid Markus , Yermack David 
Published: May 2019

We study the effects of cartel participation on top corporate managers. Although a strong public interest exists in regulating price fixing, we find little evidence that either corporate governance or the legal system holds managers of cartel firms accountable. Instead, managers of cartel firms enjoy greater job security, receive higher cash bonuses, and more aggressively take profits from appreciated stock option awards. Legal sanctions against individual managers are infrequent, with enforcement actions focused on corporations rather than their officers. Managers seem to use concealment strategies actively to limit detection of cartel membership by their boards and auditors. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
Role of Fatty Liver Index and Metabolic Factors in the Prediction of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Lean Population Receiving Health Checkup
Authors: Hsu Chiao-Lin , Wu Fu-Zong , Lin Kung-Hung , Chen Yu-Hsun , Wu Pin-Chieh , Chen Yan-Hua , Chen Chi-Shen , Wang Wen-Hwa , Mar Guang-Yuan , Yu Hsien-Chung 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Some metabolic factors and noninvasive markers, including fatty liver index (FLI), are used to predict nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese patients. Despite the increasing prevalence of NAFLD in lean patients (lean-NAFLD), the risk factors and predictors are not well determined in this population. We investigated factors associated with lean-NAFLD and validated their predictive ability.

METHODS:
From 9,293 examinees who underwent routine health checkups, we enrolled 4,000, aged ≥20 years, with a body mass index <24 kg/m2 in our lean-NAFLD study population. NAFLD diagnoses were made according to the patients' histories, laboratory values, and sonographic criteria. Clinical variables, serum sugar, lipid, and liver profiles were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis. The predictive ability and optimal cutoff values for NAFLD were determined according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.

RESULTS:
Overall, 18.5% (n = 740) of the lean population had NAFLD. Male sex, body mass index, body fat mass, fasting plasma glucose, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride, and FLI values were associated with NAFLD. FLI had the best discriminative ability to predict lean-NAFLD compared to the other biochemical markers. We further used the Youden index test and found an optimum cut-off value for FLI of 15 with the highest discriminant ability than other values.

DISCUSSION:
The prevalence of lean-NAFLD was not low. FLI was superior to other predictors including sex, liver function, and other metabolic factors, in the prediction of lean-NAFLD. FLI may be considered an easy to use, noninvasive marker to screen for lean-NAFLD.
Effects of NiO content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AgSnO2NiO composites
Authors: Zhou Xiaolong , Chen Li , Liu Manmen , Yu Jie , Xiong Damin , Zheng Zhong , Wang Lihui 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The AgSnO2NiO composites were prepared by internal oxidation method. The effects of different NiO content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AgSnO2NiO composites were studied. The phase structure and surface morphology of the prepared AgSnO2NiO materials were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Metallographic Microscopy (MM). The results showed that the AgSnO2NiO composites with different NiO content can be obtained by the process of preoxidation of AgSn alloy powder and internal oxidation of ingot containing Ni. The agglomeration phenomenon of Ni in the silver matrix was serious, which led to the agglomeration of in-situ generated NiO particles after internal oxidation. After the multi-pass drawing, the SnO2 particles dispersedly distributed in the AgSnO2NiO composites and the NiO particles gradually dispersed from the agglomerated state of the sintered ingot billet. The hardness of the prepared AgSnO2NiO composites increased slightly with the increase of NiO content. The mechanical properties test showed that the introduction of NiO particles significantly improved the tensile strength and elongation of AgSnO2 materials to a certain degree. Adding proper amount of NiO is beneficial to improve the overall performance of AgSnO2 materials.
Consideraciones generales sobre la Compactación de especímenes de mezcla asfáltica en caliente (MAC) en el Compactador Giratorio Superpave®
Authors: Jiménez Acuña Mónica 
Published: May 2019

La compactación de especímenes de mezcla asfáltica en caliente (MAC) en el Compactador Giratorio Superpave® es uno de los desarrollos tecnológicos se diseñó con el objetivo de simular la densificación que se produce en el sitio durante la construcción y durante la vida útil. Otro objetivo fue determinar la “trabajabilidad” de la mezcla, dicho de otra manera, que tan fácil o que tan difícil resulta compactar la mezcla asfáltica. También, permitió utilizar agregados de mayor tamaño. Finalmente, el equipo debía ser lo suficientemente práctico para ser utilizado en los ensayos de aseguramiento y control de calidad. En este artículo se resumen la historia, funcionamiento del equipo, factores que afectan la uniformidad de los resultados, método de ensayo, resultados que se obtienen y finalmente, las conclusiones y recomendaciones basados en la experiencia adquirida a lo largo de los años en el LanammeUCR utilizando este equipo
Overlay Tester: Equipo de laboratorio para evaluar la resistencia al agrietamiento en mezclas asfálticas
Authors: Jiménez Acuña Mónica 
Published: May 2019

La resistencia al agrietamiento debe ser un tema a tomar en cuenta en el desempeño de la mezcla asfáltica, la cual tiene que resistir la deformación permanente, fatiga y el daño por humedad. Las grietas aparecen en los pavimentos flexibles a través de dos mecanismos de falla: fatiga y reflejo de grietas.Las grietas por reflejo son un tipo de falla que ha recibido menos atención que el agrietamiento por fatiga. El agrietamiento por reflejo debe ser tomado en cuenta cuando se selecciona la mezcla asfáltica como sobrecapa a colocar sobre pavimentos rígidos, bases estabilizadas o simplemente cuando la capa existente está muy agrietada. Es bien sabido que las grietas existentes se propagan a la capa superior provocando que el agua se infiltre causando un rápido deterioro de la estructura del pavimento.Este artículo se enfoca en la implementación del ensayo de overlay, el cual es un ensayo muy práctico que da suficiente información de las características de agrietamiento de las mezclas asfálticas desde la formación de la grieta hasta su comportamiento de propagación, además es lo suficientemente sensible a los cambios en los contenidos y tipo de asfalto para discriminar entre distintos tipos de mezclas
LA POLÍTICA CRIMINAL Y EL DAÑO SOCIAL EN COSTA RICA
Authors: Sibaja López Irina 
Published: May 2019

El presente trabajo busca dar cuenta de la relación que existe entre la escasa aplicación de la figura del daño social y la política criminal costarricense, a través de sus caracterizaciones,partiendo de la concepción teórica real objetiva donde se comprenden como dos fenómenoscomplejos. De ahí que se buscó dar respuesta a la pregunta ¿qué lugar ocupa el daño social en la política criminal del país? Lo anterior en el marco de la teoría de daños, y de las posibles afectaciones a la colectividad y al bienestar social.
DINÁMICAS CAPITALISTAS PARA LA ACUMULACIÓN POR DESPOJO
Authors: Vilchis Onofre Adrián , Zizumbo Villarreal Lilia , Monterroso Salvatierra Neptalí , Arriaga Álvarez Emilio , Palafox Muñoz Alejandro 
Published: May 2019

El capitalismo se ha valido históricamente de transformaciones para salir de las crisis inmanentes a su lógica, lo cual ha requerido refuncionalizar elementos de modo que le permitan expandirse. La naturaleza es clave en este proceso de maximizar ganancias y encontrar nuevas formas de acumulación, convirtiéndola en una mercancía. En este artículo se analiza el proceso que da origen y reproduce dichas formas de acumulación. El abordaje se da a través de la propuesta de tres dinámicas: penetración, subsunción y cercamientos. Mediante estas dinámicas se muestra la capacidad del sistema capitalista de adaptarse y expandirse para la obtención de ganancias incluso en época de crisis.----Capitalism has used historically of transformations to emerge from the crisis immanent to its logic, which has required re use elements that will enable it to expand. Nature is key in this process of maximizing profits and find new forms of accumulation, turning it into a commodity. This article discusses the process that gives rise and reproduces these forms of accumulation. The approach is given through the proposal of three dynamics: penetration,subsumption, and enclosures. Through these dynamics demonstrates the ability of the capitalist system adapt and expand to obtain profits even in times of crisis.
A bélflóra hematológiai vonatkozásai
Authors: Szerafin László , Jakó János 
Published: May 2019

Abstract: The relationship between the gut flora and various diseases (obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorders, allergic and autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, liver failure, infections, certain neuropsychiatric disorders, tumors) has been highlighted in recent years. Depletion of microbiotics inhibits bone marrow healing. Infections and their antibiotic treatment may also affect hematopoiesis. Intestinal flora may also affect the severity of the graft-versus-host disease and may also play a role in the pathogenesis of immunthrombocytopenia through the T-regulator cells. The study summarizes the features of the gut flora, the effects of microbiotics on bone marrow healing, the course of infections, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, graft-versus-host disease, lymphoma and the results of related research and therapeutic options. The authors briefly discuss the possible linkage between intestinal flora and immunthrombocytopenia and the effectiveness of the immunotherapy of tumors and its effect on the von Willebrand-factor synthesis. They draw attention on the importance of maintaining microbiotics diversity. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(20): 774–779.
Selected aspects of human resource management in uniformed services
Authors: Krzewiński Tomasz 
Published: May 2019

<p class="Standard">The aim of the article is to identify the process of human resource management and factors that influence officers’ motivation in selected uniformed services. This analysis concerns the Police, Border Guard and Customs and Fiscal Service. This choice was made due to the diversity of the tasks carried out by the officers of these services. The concept of uniformed services, characteristics of the analysed services and the requirements for officers, the process of employees recruitment and activities aimed at maintaining officers through appropriate motivation and promotion as a form of professional development were presented. Promotion to successive levels of work is not only an important element in shaping the HR policy but also a determinant of the position of a given officer in the organization. The layout of this work presents elements of multi-aspect status of an officer in each of the studied formations in the context of the characteristics of individual services.</p><p class="Standard"><strong>Purpose </strong>- Identification of the human resource management and factors that influence the motivation of officers in selected Polish uniformed services - the Police, Border Guard and Customs and Fiscal Service</p><p class="Standard"><strong>Design / methodology / approach</strong> - Review of literature, reports on empirical research and applicable legal regulations</p><p class="Standard"><strong>Findings</strong> - The basic mutual element of the Police, the Border Guard and the Customs and Fiscal Service is the use of uniforms and officers subordination system, but also the centralism of the organizational structure and hierarchical subordination. The activities of these services, including the implementation of the human resource management process, are regulated by relevant legal regulations. Service requirements, the scope of tasks, obligations and responsibilities, the process of employee selection, evaluation, promotion, but also retirement provisions are strictly determined. Similarities and differences in this area have been presented. The analysis of the results of empirical research allows to identify motivating and demotivating factors for officers.</p><p class="Standard"><strong>Originality/value</strong> - A comparison of selected areas of human resources management in the Police, the Border Guard and the Customs and Fiscal Service was made. The similarities and differences appearing in this respect were pointed out. Recommendations regarding motivating officers were presented</p>
Formy przemocy politycznej w Internecie – próba klasyfikacji
Authors: Mider Daniel Dariusz 
Published: May 2019

<p>W artykule opracowano klucze klasyfikacyjne przemocy politycznej w Internecie, która manifestuje się w analogicznym zakresie jak w rzeczywistości fizycznej – odnotowujemy zarówno przemoc fizyczną i psychiczną, jak i kulturową i strukturalną. W ramach politycznej przemocy fizycznej w Internecie wyodrębniono trzy jej formy: cyberwojnę, cyberterroryzm oraz haktywizm wykorzystujący przemoc fizyczną. Przemoc psychiczna stanowi zespół czternastu podzielonych na trzy grupy form przemocy wyodrębnionych ze względu na poziom jej natężenia. Najszerszą kategorię przemocy stanowi przemoc strukturalna i legitymizująca ją przemoc kulturowa. Zidentyfikowano trzy jej formy: nadzór informacyjny państwa nad społeczeństwem, cenzurę internetową oraz cyfrowy podział.</p>
Modernizacja poprzez kolonizację i wynarodowienie. Uwagi o pracy Malte Rolfa pt. Rządy imperialne w Kraju Nadwiślańskim. Królestwo Polskie i cesarstwo rosyjskie, przekł. Wojciech Włoskowicz, Warszawa 2016, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, ss. 505
Authors: Górak Artur 
Published: May 2019

<p>W artykule opisano i zanalizowano polskojęzyczne wydanie pracy niemieckiego historyka Malte Rolfa pt. Rządy imperialne w Kraju Nadwiślańskim. Królestwo Polskie i cesarstwo rosyjskie. Autor konfrontuje warstwę faktograficzną książki ze stanem badań i odnosi się do przedstawionych interpretacji. Zwraca uwagę na zdawkowe potraktowanie obecności urzędników, żołnierzy i duchownych rosyjskich w Królestwie oraz polityki oświatowej, a także na całkowite pominięcie likwidacji Kościoła greckokatolickiego i jej następstw.</p>
Does a four-days leg pain require a surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass in a 28-years-old person? Acute type A aortic dissection in a young patient
Authors: ECEVİT Ata Niyazi , ÇOMAKLI Hakan , GÜNERTEM Orhan Eren 
Published: May 2019

Type
A dissections of the ascending aorta is usually seen in elderly hypertensive
patients. This diagnosis may not come to minds in young people with atypical
symptoms. We aim to emphasize that this pathology should be kept in mind as a
differential diagnosis also in young patients in this case report of an
28-year-old male patient who have right lower extremity pain for last 4 days
and diagnosed with acute type A
dissection.
Connaissances et usages de Cola millenii K. Schum. (Malvaceae) en zones guinéenne et soudano-guinéenne au Bénin
Authors: Lawin Iboukoun Fidèle , Houètchégnon Towanou , Fandohan Adandé Belarmain , Salako Valère Kolawolé , Assogbadjo Achille Ephrem , Ouinsavi Christine Adjokè Ifètayo Nougbodé 
Published: May 2019

Bien que plusieurs fruitiers sauvages aient été étudiés au Bénin, d’autres, dont Cola millenii K. Schum., y demeurent peu documentés. Cette étude avait pour objectif d’inventorier les connaissances ethnobotaniques de C. millenii par les groupes socioculturels béninois. Des entretiens individuels structurés ont été menés auprès de 1 009 personnes. La fréquence relative de citation et l’indice d’efficacité ont été utilisés pour apprécier respectivement l’importance relative de chaque utilisation et le niveau d’efficacité de la plante dans le traitement d’une maladie donnée. C. millenii relève de huit catégories d’usage. L’usage alimentaire de la pulpe du fruit est le plus pratiqué. Le paludisme est la maladie la plus citée. Globalement, l’espèce serait très efficace dans le traitement du paludisme, de l’ictère, des maux de ventre, de l’hypertension, des courbatures, de la fatigue, de la fièvre et du vertige ; moyennement efficace dans le traitement de l’asthme, des troubles liés à la grossesse et de l’enflure des pieds ; mais peu efficace contre l’oligospermie. La feuille est la partie la plus utilisée et la décoction est le mode de préparation le plus employé dans le traitement des maladies. Les Anii et Chabè préfèrent l’usage alimentaire de l’espèce tandis que son usage à des fins magiques et comme brosse végétale ou bois de service est privilégié par les Adja et Kotafon. Par contre, les Aïzo l’utilisent plus à des fins médicinales, et son usage comme bois d’œuvre est plus important pour les Mahi. Les feuilles et les fruits sont les parties les plus commercialisées. Malgré son importance, l’espèce subit diverses pressions et bénéficie très peu de mesures de conservation. Des recherches futures devraient se pencher sur sa sylviculture pour assurer sa domestication.