bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in the path to exit the ribosome across the three domains of life
Authors: Duc Khanh Dao , Batra Sanjit S. , Bhattacharya Nicholas , Cate Jamie H. D. , Song Yun S. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTRecent advances in biological imaging have led to a surge of fine-resolution structures of the ribosome from diverse organisms. Comparing these structures, especially the exit tunnel, to characterize the key similarities and differences across species is essential for various important applications, such as designing antibiotic drugs and understanding the intricate details of translation dynamics. Here, we compile and compare 20 fine-resolution cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography structures of the ribosome recently obtained from all three domains of life (bacteria, archaea and eukarya). We first show that a hierarchical clustering of tunnel shapes closely reflects the species phylogeny. Then, by analyzing the ribosomal RNAs and proteins localized near the tunnel, we explain the observed geometric variations and show direct association between the conservations of the geometry, structure, and sequence. We find that the tunnel is more conserved in its upper part, from the polypeptide transferase center to the constriction site. In the lower part, tunnels are significantly narrower in eukaryotes than in bacteria, and we provide evidence for the existence of a second constriction site in eukaryotic tunnels. We also show that ribosomal RNA and protein sequences are more likely to be conserved closer to the tunnel, as is the presence of positively charged amino acids. Overall, our comparative analysis shows how the geometric and biophysical properties of the exit tunnel play an important role in ensuring proper transit of the nascent polypeptide chain, and may explain the differences observed in several co-translational processes across species.
Antiretroviral Adverse Drug Reactions Pharmacovigilance in Harare City, Zimbabwe, 2017
Authors: Mugauri Hamufare , Mugurungi Owen , Juru Tsitsi , Gombe Notion , Shambira Gerald , Tshimanga Mufuta 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionKey to pharmacovigilance is spontaneously reporting all Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) during post-market surveillance. This facilitates identification and evaluation of previously unreported ADR’s, acknowledging the trade-off between benefits and potential harm of medications. Only 41% ADR’s documented in Harare city clinical records for January to December 2016 were reported to Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ). We investigated reasons contributing to underreporting of ADR’s in Harare city.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study and the updated Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guided surveillance evaluation was conducted. Two hospitals were purposively included. Seventeen health facilities and 52 health workers were randomly selected. Interviewer-administered questionnaires, key informant interviews and WHO pharmacovigilance checklists were used to collect data. Likert scales were applied to draw inferences and Epi info 7 used to generate frequencies and proportions.ResultsOf the 52 participants, 32 (61.5%) distinguished the ADR defining criteria. Twenty-nine (55.8%) knew system’s purpose whilst 28 (53.8%) knew the reporting process. Knowledge scored average on the 5-point-Likert scale. Thirty-eight (73.1%) participants identified ADR’s following client complaints and nine (1.3%) enquired clients’ medication response. Forty-six (88.5%) cited non-feedback from MCAZ for underreporting. Inadequate ADR identification skills were cited by 21 (40.4%) participants. Reporting forms were available in five (26.3%) facilities and reports were generated from hospitals only. Forty-two (90.6%) clinicians made therapeutic decisions from ADR’s. Averaged usefulness score was 4, on the 5-point-Likert scale. All 642 generated signals were committed to Vigiflow by MCAZ, reflecting a case detection rate of 4/ 100 000. Data quality was 0.75–1.0 (WHO) and all reports were causally assessed.ConclusionThe pharmacovigilance system was useful, simple, and acceptable despite being unstable, not representative and not sensitive. It was threatened by suboptimal health worker knowledge, weak detection strategies and referral policy preventing ADR identification by person place and time. Revisiting local policy, advocacy, communication and health worker orientation might improve pharmacovigilance performance in Harare city.
Predicting local tissue mechanics using immunohistochemistry
Authors: Koser David E. , Moeendarbary Emad , Kuerten Stefanie , Franze Kristian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLocal tissue stiffness provides an important signal to which cells respond in vivo. However, assessing tissue mechanics is currently challenging and requires sophisticated technology. We here developed a model quantitatively predicting nervous tissue stiffness heterogeneities at cellular resolution based on cell density, myelin and GFAP fluorescence intensities. These histological parameters were identified by a correlation analysis of atomic force microscopy-based elasticity maps of spinal cord sections and immunohistochemical stainings. Our model provides a simple tool to estimate local stiffness distributions in nervous tissue, and it can easily be expanded to other tissue types, thus paving the way for studies of the role of mechanical signals in development and pathology.
Solution of interval shallow water wave equations using homotopy perturbation method
Authors: Karunakar Perumandla , Chakraverty Snehashish 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to present solutions of uncertain linear and non-linear shallow water wave equations. The uncertainty has been taken as interval and one-dimensional interval shallow water wave equations have been solved by homotopy perturbation method (HPM). In this study, basin depth and initial conditions have been taken as interval and the single parametric concept has been used to handle the interval uncertainty.

Design/methodology/approach
HPM has been used to solve interval shallow water wave equation with the help of single parametric concept.

Findings
Previously, few authors found solution of shallow water wave equations with crisp basin depth and initial conditions. But, in actual sense, the basin depth, as well as initial conditions, may not be found in crisp form. As such, here these are considered as uncertain in term of intervals. Hence, interval linear and non-linear shallow water wave equations are solved in this study using single parametric concept-based HPM.

Originality/value
As mentioned above, uncertainty is must in the above-titled problems due to the various parametrics involved in the governing differential equations. These uncertain parametric values may be considered as interval. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no work has been reported on the solution of uncertain shallow water wave equations. But when the interval uncertainty is involved in the above differential equation, then direct methods are not available. Accordingly, single parametric concept-based HPM has been applied in this study to handle the said problems.
Centralisation of corporate governance framework for Islamic financial institutions
Authors: Abd Razak Abd Hakim 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to supply basic insights into the principle ofshūrā(consultation) in Islamic banking, the idea of a centralised approach to the corporate governance of Islamic financial institutions (IFIs), the roles of a centralised Sharīʿah board as the highest authority on Sharīʿah issues and its distinguishing features from a de-centralised system and the advantages and disadvantages of the two governance systems.Design/methodology/approachIn analyzing these, the paper adopts the critical legal studies approach and refers to the provisions of the Qurʾan and Sunnah,ijmāʿ(consensus) of Sharīʿah scholars and recent Islamic banking reports.FindingsDespite the fact that the double-digit growth of the current US$2tn Islamic banking industry is a promising sign for its further expansion – expecting to cross the US$6.5tn mark by 2020 – there remains concern over the lack of standardization or rather the diversified approaches to the corporate governance of IFIs across key Islamic banking regions.Practical implicationsThere has been much debate surrounding the issue of whether the Islamic banking industry requires a centralised Sharīʿah board at the state level to complement the Sharīʿah boards at the IFIs’ individual level in providing better supervision of the Sharīʿah-compliance of IFIs. The fact that the industry is already equipped with two prominent standard-setting agencies in the form of the AAOIFI, the IFSB does little to suggest that best governance practices – which centre around the themes of consistency, harmony and uniformity – are on the horizon, at least not whilst their issued standards and guidelines remain voluntary for IFIs.Originality/valueAll in all, it is aspired that this paper may assist the reader in evaluating the pros and cons of the whole concept of Sharīʿah board centralisation.
Islamic Financial Services Act (IFSA) 2013 and the Sharīʿah-compliance requirement of the Islamic finance industry in Malaysia
Authors: Laldin Mohamad Akram , Furqani Hafas 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to observe the development of the Sharīʿah governance framework (SGF) and practice in Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is a qualitative-based research. It uses various documents and content analysis approach to understand and analyze the structure, process and practice of SGF in IFIs in Malaysia.

Findings
It is found that the Central Bank of Malaysia, Bank Negara Malaysia, has attempted to develop a comprehensive framework of Sharīʿah governance for IFIs in Malaysia. The framework governs the practice of the industry, covers stakeholders’ scope of duties and responsibilities and provides details on processes and procedures in the operations of IFIs to achieve the objective of Sharīʿah compliance. To maintain the relevance of the SGF to the needs of the industry, the framework has also been updated recently in 2017. The amendments aim to strengthen the effectiveness of Sharīʿah governance implementation within the Islamic finance industry.

Originality/value
This study attempts to comprehensively examine the evolution of the SGF Sharīʿah governance framework for IFIs in Malaysia. The Malaysian model of the SGF is unique and could be emulated by other countries in developing the Islamic finance industry in their respective jurisdictions.
Analyzing the relationship between institutional framework and financial inclusion in rural Uganda
Authors: Bongomin George Okello Candiya , Munene John C. , Ntayi Joseph Mpeera , Malinga Charles Akol 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report the findings on the mediating effect of social network in the relationship between institutional framework and financial inclusion in rural Uganda.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs a cross-sectional research design to collect data used to test for mediation under this study. Structural equation model (SEM) through use of bootstrap in the Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) was adopted to establish the existence and type of mediation by social network in the relationship between institutional framework and financial inclusion.FindingsSocial network had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between institutional framework and financial inclusion. In addition, institutional framework through its regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive pillars also exhibited a significant direct effect on financial inclusion. Besides, social network had a positive and significant effect on financial inclusion. This suggest that there exist both a direct effect of institutional framework on financial inclusion and an indirect effect of institutional framework through social network on financial inclusion.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the sample for this study was big enough, it limited itself to only poor households in rural Uganda. Besides, the current study adopted cross-sectional design, thus, leaving out longitudinal design to investigate the characteristics in the sample over time.Practical implicationsThe study makes significant empirical contribution and implications to financial inclusion policy makers on evidence of the critical role played by social network in indirectly enhancing the relationship between institutional framework and financial inclusion of the poor who are vulnerable to exclusion by main stream financial services’ providers.Originality/valueThe study recommends that social network, which acts as a conduit through which useful information flow and can be shared, plays a critical role in mediating the relationship between institutional framework and financial inclusion in rural Uganda. Therefore, the study contributes to existing body of literature by highlighting the mediating influence of social network in the relationship between institutional framework and financial inclusion, especially in rural Uganda.
Experimental warming in the field delays phenology and reduces body mass, fat content and survival: Implications for the persistence of a pollinator under climate change
Authors: CaraDonna Paul J. , Cunningham James L. , Iler Amy M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Climate change is rapidly altering thermal environments across the globe. The effects of increased temperatures in already warm environments may be particularly strong because organisms are likely to be near their thermal safety margins, with limited tolerance to additional heat stress.

We conduct an in situ field experiment over 2 years to investigate the direct effects of temperature change on an early‐season solitary bee in a warm, arid region of the Southwestern USA. Our field experiment manipulates the thermal environment of Osmia ribifloris (Megachilidae) from larval development through adult emergence, simulating both previous cooler (c. 1950; nest boxes painted white) and future warmer (2040–2099; nest boxes painted black) climate conditions. In each year, we measure adult emergence phenology, linear body size, body mass, fat content and survival.

Bees in the warming treatment exhibit delayed emergence phenology and a substantial increase in phenological variance. Increases in temperature also lead to reductions in body mass and fat content. Whereas bees in the cooling and control treatments experience negligible amounts of mortality, bees in the warming treatment experience 30%–75% mortality.

Our findings indicate that temperature changes that have occurred since c. 1950 have likely had relatively weak and non‐negative effects, but predicted warmer temperatures create a high stress thermal environment for O. ribifloris. Later and more variable emergence dates under warming likely compromise phenological synchrony with floral resources and the ability of individuals to find mates. The consequences of phenological asynchrony, combined with reductions in body mass and fat content, will likely impose fitness reductions for surviving bees. Combined with high rates of mortality, our results suggest that O. ribifloris may face local extinction in the warmer parts of its range within the century under climate change.

Temperature increases in already warm ecosystems can have substantial consequences for key components of life history, physiology and survival. Our study provides an important example of how the responses of ectothermic insects to temperature increases in already warm environments may be insufficient to mitigate the negative consequences of future climate change.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Full oral feeding is possible before discharge even in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Khan Zahra , Sitter Cornelia , Dunitz‐Scheer Marguerite , Posch Katrin , Avian Alexander , Bresesti Ilia , Urlesberger Berndt 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimThis study described the steps needed to achieve full oral feeding before discharge in a group of very and extremely preterm (EPT) infants. We analysed the effects of oral feeding skills on discharge timing and on weight gain during their neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional observational study of 100 infants who were <32 weeks of gestation (GA) was conducted at the Division of Neonatology, Graz, Austria, from March 2014 to February 2015. Patients were stratified into two groups: those who were <28 weeks at birth and those who were 28 weeks and over. Velocity of oral feeding skills attainment and weight gain were analysed.ResultsAll infants successfully acquired oral feeding skills during hospitalisation. The median GA at which full oral feeding skills were reached was 37 + 1 weeks in EPT and 34 + 5 weeks in very preterm infants. More immature neonates showed worse feeding performances and lower weight increments during oral feeding steps.ConclusionOur study confirmed the role of GA in the development of oral feeding skills in the most premature babies. It also raises the question of whether expected daily weight gain should be targeted according to GA.
LPL protein in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia have different origins in Mutated and Unmutated patients. Advances for a new prognostic marker in CLL
Authors: Prieto Daniel , Seija Noé , Uriepero Angimar , Souto‐Padron Thais , Oliver Carolina , Irigoin Victoria , Guillermo Cecilia , Navarrete Marcelo A. , Inés Landoni Ana , Dighiero Guillermo , Gabus Raúl , Giordano Mirta , Oppezzo Pablo 
Published: June 2018

SummaryLipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is associated with an unmutated immunoglobulin profile and poor clinical outcome. We evaluated the subcellular localization of LPL protein in CLL cells that did or did not express LPL mRNA. Our results show that LPL protein is differently located in CLL cells depending on whether it is incorporated from the extracellular medium in mutated CLL or generated de novo by leukaemic cells of unmutated patients. The specific quantification of endogenous LPL protein correlates with mRNA expression levels and mutational IGHV status, suggesting LPL protein as a possible reliable prognostic marker in CLL.
Inference in the Wild: A Framework for Human Situation Assessment and a Case Study of Air Combat
Authors: McAnally Ken , Davey Catherine , White Daniel , Stimson Murray , Mascaro Steven , Korb Kevin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSituation awareness is a key construct in human factors and arises from a process of situation assessment (SA). SA comprises the perception of information, its integration with existing knowledge, the search for new information, and the prediction of the future state of the world, including the consequences of planned actions. Causal models implemented as Bayesian networks (BNs) are attractive for modeling all of these processes within a single, unified framework. We elicited declarative knowledge from two Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) fighter pilots about the information sources used in the identification (ID) of airborne entities and the causal relationships between these sources. This knowledge was represented in a BN (the declarative model) that was evaluated against the performance of 19 RAAF fighter pilots in a low‐fidelity simulation. Pilot behavior was well predicted by a simple associative model (the behavioral model) with only three attributes of ID. Search for information by pilots was largely compensatory and was near‐optimal with respect to the behavioral model. The average revision of beliefs in response to evidence was close to Bayesian, but there was substantial variability. Together, these results demonstrate the value of BNs for modeling human SA.
When Height Carries Weight: Communicating Hidden Object Properties for Joint Action
Authors: Schmitz Laura , Vesper Cordula , Sebanz Natalie , Knoblich Günther 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the absence of pre‐established communicative conventions, people create novel communication systems to successfully coordinate their actions toward a joint goal. In this study, we address two types of such novel communication systems: sensorimotor communication, where the kinematics of instrumental actions are systematically modulated, versus symbolic communication. We ask which of the two systems co‐actors preferentially create when aiming to communicate about hidden object properties such as weight. The results of three experiments consistently show that actors who knew the weight of an object transmitted this weight information to their uninformed co‐actors by systematically modulating their instrumental actions, grasping objects of particular weights at particular heights. This preference for sensorimotor communication was reduced in a fourth experiment where co‐actors could communicate with weight‐related symbols. Our findings demonstrate that the use of sensorimotor communication extends beyond the communication of spatial locations to non‐spatial, hidden object properties.
Auras as a prognostic factor in anterior temporal lobe resections for mesial temporal sclerosis
Authors: Adry R. A. R. C. , Meguins L. C. , Pereira C. U. , Silva Júnior S. C. , Araújo Filho G. M. , Marques L. H. N. 
Published: June 2018

Background and purposeAnterior temporal lobectomy for mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is a very effective measure for the control of seizures, and the probability of becoming seizure‐free is approximately 70–90%. However, 30% of patients still experience seizures after surgery. An aura is a subjective ictal phenomenon that may precede an observable seizure. However, there are few studies on the prognostic factor aura although, being the initial symptoms of epileptic seizures, many types of auras have significant localizing or lateralizing value. This study hypothesized that the type of pre‐operative aura may predict the post‐surgical outcome in patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy due to MTS.MethodsOf 1214 patients evaluated for surgery in the Epilepsy Center of Faculdade de Medicina de São Jose do Rio Preto (FAMERP), a tertiary Brazilian epilepsy center, 400 underwent anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) for MTS. The number and type of auras were analyzed and compared with the Engel classification for outcome.ResultsAnalyzing the patients by the type of aura, those who had extratemporal auras had the worst post‐surgical result according to the Engel classification. Although mesial auras are apparently a good prognostic factor, patients without aura also had a worse prognosis. There were no differences between simple and multiple auras. To identify the most appropriate candidates for ATL, it is very important to consider the favorable prognostic factors for counseling patients in daily practice.ConclusionsPatients with symptoms and clinical signs that suggest extratemporal involvement may have unfavorable outcomes.