bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistence of the developmental language disorder diagnosis, neurodevelopmental trajectories and attendance at offered interventions
Authors: Schachinger Lorentzon Ulrika , Billstedt Eva , Gillberg Christopher , Miniscalco Carmela 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimTo study the diagnostic stability of developmental language disorders, other neurodevelopmental disorders and interventions received until age 6 years in children who screened positive for language delay, but not for autism, at age 2.5 years.MethodsIn 2016, in Gothenburg, Sweden, 100 monolingual or multilingual children underwent language assessment at a mean age of 2.9 years. At age 6 years, 85 of these children underwent language assessment. A review of paediatric records was performed after the clinical assessment to obtain information about other neurodevelopmental disorders and interventions received.ResultsAt age 6 years, 74/85 (87%) of the children had persistent language disorders, and 20/85 (24%) had been diagnosed with at least one additional neurodevelopmental disorder. Five of them had autism. In general, families only attended half of the offered intervention sessions irrespective of intervention type and no difference between monolingual and multilingual families was found.ConclusionsThe persistence of language disorder and the presence of later additional neurodevelopmental disorders highlight the importance of longitudinal and multidisciplinary monitoring of children with delayed language development. Further studies and analyses are warranted to investigate the reasons behind the poor attendance rate for interventions offered.
Shedding light on biodiversity: reviewing existing knowledge and exploring hypothesised impacts of agrophotovoltaics
Authors: Schwarz Rachel , Ziv Yaron 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe growing demand for energy and the shift towards green energy solutions have led to the conversion of open spaces and agricultural fields into photovoltaic (PV) power plants, exacerbating the “food–energy–environment” trilemma. Agrophotovoltaics (APVs), a dual‐use system combining agriculture and energy production on the same land, presents a potential solution to this challenge. While the environmental impacts of ground‐mounted utility‐scale PV (USPV) power plants and the effects of APV systems on agricultural yields have been extensively studied and reviewed, the implications for wildlife and biodiversity remain largely unexplored. This knowledge gap is pressing, given the accelerated global adoption of APV systems and the urgency of understanding their broader ecological consequences. In this concise review, we synthesise existing literature on the impacts of USPV installations on biodiversity and the effects of APV on crop production. Building on these foundations, we propose novel hypotheses concerning the potential pathways and mechanisms through which APV systems may influence biodiversity. We explore the complex interactions between agroecosystems and natural ecosystems, examining both direct and indirect effects. Our review culminates in a set of key research questions designed to guide future studies on the biodiversity outcomes of APV deployment. Future research should comprehensively address factors such as habitat type, climate, spatial scale, technology, and agricultural practices, as well as the overarching impacts of climate change. By highlighting the importance of these variables, we aim to facilitate a nuanced understanding of how APV systems can either support or undermine biodiversity. This work not only underscores the critical need for empirical studies in this emerging field but also sets the stage for more informed and sustainable implementation of APV technologies.
Exploration of the Active Components and Mechanism of Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) in the Treatment of Influenza Virus Pneumonia Through Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Verification
Authors: Feng Zhiying , Wang Kangyu , Huang Jiawang , Liu Zhuolin , Fu Jingmin , Shi Jianing , Ma Xinyue , Li Ling , Wu Qiong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to explore the pathogenesis of platycodin D and luteolin, which are both active components in Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), in the treatment of influenza virus pneumonia through network pharmacology analysis combined with experimental verification. The bioactive components of Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) were screened by TCMSP and literature mining, and the results were standardized via the UniProt database. The action targets for the disease were identified from databases including OMIM, GeneCards, TTD, DisGeNET, and PharmGKB. Then, the visualized key target regulatory network and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network for the active components were established using Cytoscape3.7.1 software. The findings were illustrated through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. The intervention concentrations of platycodin D and luteolin were screened by the CCK8 method, and the important signaling pathways of platycodin D and luteolin for treating influenza virus pneumonia were verified by RT‐qPCR and Western blot tests. From data mining, 89 common drug‐disease targets were screened out, and five major active components of Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), including platycodin D and luteolin, were obtained. Besides, 11 therapeutic targets including IL‐17, IL‐6, TNF‐α, JUN, and MAKP1 were identified by PPI network analysis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that the pathways most related to the mechanisms of Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) against influenza virus pneumonia included the TNF and IL‐17 signaling pathways and apoptosis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the model group exhibited a notable elevation in mRNA levels of IL‐6, IL‐17, TNF‐α, JUN, MAPK1, and the IL‐17/−acting protein ratio, as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In contrast to the model group, the IL‐6, IL‐17, TNF‐α, JUN, MAPK1 mRNA expression levels, and the IL‐17 protein ratio in both the platycodin D group and luteolin group were considerably decreased (p < 0.05). Combined with network pharmacology and experimental verification, this study revealed that platycodin D and luteolin in Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) may treat influenza virus pneumonia by regulating inflammation through the IL‐17 signaling pathway.
Long Term Outcomes in Patients With Differences in Sex Development in Lucknow, India
Authors: Dominic Nibu , Bhatia Vijayalakshmi , Dabadghao Preeti , Ansari M. S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTContextThe long term outcomes for individuals with a difference in sex development (DSD) are influenced by ethnic, socio‐cultural and economic factors, besides the medical issues. Data from India on these aspects are sparse.Design and MeasurementsWe report on gender identity, patients' opinion regarding timing of genitalia surgery, suicidal thoughts, romantic inclination, and quality of life (QOL, SF36 scale), in 31 young adults with a DSD.ResultsMedian (IQR) age was 23 (19–27) years; 16 raised male, 15 female. Age at first surgery was 6.0 (2.0–16.25) years. Gender identity in 30 patients remained identical with sex of rearing. Majority (27) thought the timing of genital surgery should be in childhood. Six of 31 patients had attempted suicide at least once. Four patients reported sexual abuse in the past. Twelve patients reported romantic relationships, rates similar to reports from India, with seven reporting sexual intercourse. Eleven of 31 patients reported aversion to and fear of sexual activity, due to fear of rejection. Heterosexual orientation was reported by 25 of 29 patients. QOL scores were not different between patients and 46 healthy controls or 43 people with type 1 diabetes. Mental QOL scores were lower for those with history of teasing (37.10 ± 16.01 vs. 47.76 ± 9.4 in those without, p = 0.04) and with suicidal thoughts (33.9 ± 14.51 vs. 45.65 ± 13.2 for those without, p = 0.04).ConclusionsThe absence of prominent gender dysphoria in our young adults was noteworthy, as was their preference for early genital surgery. Lack of adequate mental health support is a high alert for our teams involved in the care of DSD and as well as for policy‐makers.
Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Excess Body Fat Exhibit Atypical Sympathetic Autonomic Modulation That is Partially Reversed by Aerobic Physical Training
Authors: Bernal João Vitor Martins , da Veiga Ana Catarine , Philbois Stella Vieira , Ribeiro Victor Barbosa , Aguilar Bruno Augusto , Paixão Tallys Eduardo Velasco , Chinellato Naiara , Sánchez‐Delgado Juan Carlos , Gastaldi Ada Clarice , de Souza Hugo Celso Dutra 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aetiology of impairments in autonomic modulation of heart rate variability (HRV) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains unclear, as does the impact of aerobic physical training (APT) on controlling endocrine‐metabolic disorders and HRV. This is because these women often present excess body fat. Therefore, we assessed whether the dysregulation in autonomic modulation of HRV in women with PCOS is due to endocrine‐metabolic disorders and whether the combination of excess body fat with endocrine‐metabolic disorders amplifies cardiovascular autonomic deficits. We also investigated whether APT positively influences autonomic modulation of HRV in PCOS.DesignNon‐randomised clinical trial.ParticipantsWomen with and without PCOS with different percentages of body fat.MeasurementsParticipants were divided into four groups: women without PCOS with a body fat percentage between 22% and 29% (CONTROL group; 22%–29%); CONTROL (30%–37%) group; PCOS (22%–29%) group; and PCOS (30%–37%) group. Hemodynamic, metabolic, and hormonal characteristics and HRV parameters were obtained before and after 16 weeks of APT.ResultsThe PCOS (22%–29%) group exhibited lower vagal modulation than the CONTROL (22%–29%) group. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the CONTROL (30%–37%) and PCOS (30%–37%) groups. Furthermore, the PCOS (30%–37%) group demonstrated lower sympathetic modulation than the PCOS (22%–29%) group. After APT, the PCOS (22%–29%) group increased in vagal modulation, while the PCOS (30%–37%) group increased in sympathetic modulation.ConclusionPCOS affects vagal modulation; however, this effect may be masked at elevated levels of body fat. Additionally, the combination of excess body fat with endocrine‐metabolic dysregulation appears to reduce sympathetic modulation, possibly due to sympathetic drive hyperactivity. APT positively affected HRV in both PCOS groups.
The needs and gaps in pharmacogenomics knowledge and education among healthcare professionals in Malaysia: A multisite Delphi study
Authors: Omran Safa , Leong Siew Lian , Blebil Ali , Mohan Devi , Ang Wei Chern , Teoh Siew Li 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLack of pharmacogenomics knowledge among healthcare professionals is the most significant cited barrier to implementing pharmacogenomics in clinical settings. Despite the growth in research initiatives and awareness of pharmacogenomics, healthcare professionals continue to report a lack of knowledge and confidence in practicing pharmacogenomics. This study aims to assess the current pharmacogenomics knowledge gaps and learning needs of healthcare professionals in Malaysia. A modified Delphi with a multidisciplinary expert panel was conducted, and a purposive sampling method was used with predefined selection criteria. Fourteen study sites in Malaysia were included. The cut‐off value to approach consensus was predefined as a threshold of 60% or higher, and a quantitative descriptive statistical analysis was performed. The study demonstrated that all experts rated the suggested educational content components as essential/important to be included in the educational intervention. Additionally, experts highlighted the significant barriers and gaps to adopting and practicing pharmacogenomics. To conclude, this multisite Delphi study enabled the development of a tailored, effective, evidence‐based, competency‐based educational intervention in pharmacogenomics for healthcare professionals in Malaysia. To keep up with the rapid evolution of the pharmacogenomics field, healthcare professionals should be equipped with the necessary competencies required to practice pharmacogenomics for better health outcomes. Future research is needed to determine the feasibility of the proposed educational intervention.
Measurement Invariance for Multilingual Learners Using Item Response and Response Time in PISA 2018
Authors: Park Jung Yeon , Joo Sean , Li Zikun , Yoon Hyejin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study examines potential assessment bias based on students' primary language status in PISA 2018. Specifically, multilingual (MLs) and nonmultilingual (non‐MLs) students in the United States are compared with regard to their response time as well as scored responses across three cognitive domains (reading, mathematics, and science). Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis reveals that 7–14% of items exhibit DIF‐related problems in scored responses between the two groups, aligning with PISA technical report results. While MLs generally spend more time on the test than non‐MLs across cognitive levels, differential response time (DRT) functioning identifies significant time differences in 7–10% of items for students with similar cognitive levels. It was noticeable that items with DIF and DRT issues show limited overlap, suggesting diverse reasons for student struggles in the assessment. A deeper examination of item characteristics is recommended for test developers and teachers to gain a better understanding of these nuances.
Community‐Driven Health Promotion: Evaluation of a Rural Microgrant Program
Authors: Conlin Michele , McLaren Dorothy , Spelten Evelien , MacDermott Sean 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionMicrogrants for health promotion have the potential to engage communities in designing and implementing place‐based interventions to improve health and social outcomes. However, the evidence base around microgrants for health promotion is limited. This study presents the evaluation of a health service‐funded microgrant program for health promotion in rural Australia.MethodsThe evaluation framework was developed through a participatory approach and involved collaborative logic model building and co‐prioritized evaluation questions with health service staff and grant recipients. Evaluation questions focused on participation, short‐term outcomes, and the perceived value of program activities. Qualitative methods (reflexive thematic analysis) were used to answer the evaluation questions. Data sources included semi‐structured interviews with grantees (n = 11) and the health service's health promotion team (n = 4), electronic field notes kept by the health promotion team (n = 50 documents), electronic progress reports completed by grantees (n = 6) and information and feedback forums (n = 2).ResultsSince the program's inception in 2019, the health service has received 22 grant applications of which 15 were approved and 14 disbursed. Evaluation results show that grantees were community members with multiple roles, often with previous experience in applying for grants. Expected outcomes have been partially met, especially with regard to the program's aim of community empowerment. The most notable impact was the enhancement of participants' perception of and relationship with the health promotion team, as well as the creation of opportunities for community members such as exposure to art and bridging of social groups.ConclusionMicrogrants represent a feasible way to increase health opportunities and foster community participation in the planning and delivery of health promotion programs. The key program activities identified and suggested improvements can help guide program replication and adaptation by other small organizations.Public ContributionCommunity members who had previously received a health service grant were invited to participate in collaborative workshops and follow‐up surveys to codesign the grant program evaluation framework, co‐prioritize evaluation questions and guide the results' dissemination plan.
A Qualitative Exploration of the Role of Culturally Relevant Social Prescribing in Supporting Pakistani Carers Living in the UK
Authors: McMullen Sarah , Poduval Shoba , Armstrong Megan , Davies Nathan , Dayson Chris , Kharicha Kalpa , Nair Pushpa , Mistry Manoj , Sajid Madiha , Walters Kate , Woodward Abi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundApproximately 5.7 million people in the UK are providing informal care. Carers across all ethnic groups can experience negative impacts on their physical and mental health but some minority ethnic groups face greater challenges. Higher levels of social isolation exist among Pakistani carers compared to White British carers, yet the needs of Pakistani carers and how well support services meet these needs is less well understood. Social prescribing can help people get more control over their health care in a nonmedical way. South Asian and other ethnically diverse populations are under‐served in social prescribing and there is little evidence available on why this is the case.AimTo explore the potential role of culturally relevant and adapted social prescribing in assisting Pakistani carers and identify the cultural and religious influences and barriers on carer health behaviours.MethodsSemi‐structured one‐to‐one interviews with Pakistani family carers (n = 27) and social prescribing stakeholders (n = 10) living in London and Sheffield, UK. Participants were recruited through voluntary and community sector organisations (VCSOs), social media, religious organisations, and word of mouth. Interview data was analysed in NVivo using reflexive thematic analysis methods.FindingsTwo themes were developed; (1) Individual and community level influences: Navigating and accessing carer support within Pakistani communities, including carer identity and cultural barriers to accessing support provision, and cultural adaptation to facilitate support for Pakistani carer health and well‐being, (2) societal and structural level challenges: Accessing and providing social prescribing for Pakistani carers, including funding challenges for the provision of culturally relevant carer support, integration of primary care and social prescribing, and enhancing cultural awareness and competence in social prescribing for Pakistani carers.ConclusionsThere are complexities surrounding carer identity, family dynamics, stigma, and a lack of knowledge of social prescribing within Pakistani communities. There is a need for more culturally competent support, culturally relevant education, awareness‐raising, and collaboration among primary care and VCSO's to better support Pakistani carers through social prescribing, which acknowledges and addresses the complexities.Patient and Public ContributionThe study included a patient advisory group comprised of two South Asian family carers who contributed towards all stages of the study. They provided feedback on study documents (topic guides and recruitment materials) and recruitment strategy, supported with translation of study documents and interpretation of the interview data, and helped with facilitation of our dissemination activities.
Clinical Significance of Complement and Coagulation Cascades Genes for Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Tang Yuting , Chen Li , Xiao Yanni , Ran Qian , Li Zhongjun , Chen Maoshan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the second most common acute leukemia in adults and the 5‐year survival remains low.MethodsWe analyzed the gene expression profiles of the complement and coagulation cascades pathway (CCCP) in 998 bone marrow (BM) and 122 peripheral blood (PB) samples of ALL patients and healthy individuals obtained from the TCGA database and evaluated their clinical significance in terms of being diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.ResultsWe identified 18 CCCP genes (SERPINA1, C5AR1, F5, CD55, PLAUR, C3AR1, THBD, CD59, PLAU, VWF, CFD, F13A1, C1QA, C1QB, C1QC, A2M, SERPINE1 and CR2) differentially expressed in the BM samples of ALL patients compared to healthy individuals. The expression levels of CD55, F13A1 and CR2 in BM were linked with the overall survival of ALL patients. While in PB only 11 CCCP genes (e.g., SERPINA1, C5AR1, F5, PLAUR, C3AR1, THBD, CFD, F13A1, C1QA, SERPINE1, and CR2) were differentially expressed and F13A1 was significantly associated with ALL patient survival. Machine learning enabled us to predict ALL using the CCCP genes and the accuracy can reach 0.9701 and 0.9167 using the BM and PB, respectively. Furthermore, using single‐cell RNA sequencing, we found that the differential expression of CCCP genes was found with diversity in the BM‐derived immune cells of ALL patients.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the CCCP genes may play a key role in the progression of ALL and can be used as potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers.
Future Nurses in a Changing Climate: Exploring the Relationship Between Environmental Literacy and Climate Anxiety
Authors: Amin Shaimaa Mohamed , El‐Monshed Ahmed Hashem , Khedr Mahmoud Abdelwahab , Morsy Omima Mohamed Ibrahim , El‐Ashry Ayman Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundClimate change significantly impacts public health, increasing the prevalence of respiratory, cardiovascular and mental health issues. Nurses, as frontline healthcare providers, need strong environmental literacy to manage these health challenges. This study explores how environmental literacy among nursing students relates to climate anxiety, aiming to improve educational strategies and mental health support for future nurses.Aim of the StudyIs to investigate how environmental literacy among nursing students affects their levels of climate anxiety.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was utilised on a representative sample of 620 nursing students from each academic year.ToolsClimate anxiety scale and the environmental literacy scale for adults were used to collect data.ResultsEnvironmental literacy and its components were positively linked to cognitive‐emotional and functional impairments and climate anxiety. Gender differences were observed, with females experiencing higher climate anxiety. Increased environmental literacy generally reduced climate anxiety, particularly in females, emphasising gender differences in environmental literacy's impact on climate anxiety. Despite the model's low explanatory power (R2 = 0.026), the findings highlight the importance of gender differences in the relationship between environmental literacy and climate anxiety.Conclusion and ImplicationsNursing students show promise in their environmental knowledge but face significant climate anxiety. Gender differences in anxiety levels warrant attention. Addressing these concerns is crucial for preparing nurses to effectively address climate change's health effects and ensuring a resilient healthcare system. The study underscores the importance of integrating environmental literacy into nursing education and promoting pro‐environmental behaviours among nursing students and professionals. It highlights the crucial role of mental health support services, policy advocacy and ongoing research in addressing climate anxiety and preparing nurses to tackle the health impacts of climate change.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public involvement.