bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the chief complaints of older patients seeking chiropractic care at a teaching clinic and potential implications for clinical education
Authors: D'cruz Dean , Clark Matthew , Cade Alice , Glucina Tanja , Pritchard Katie , Fox Marina 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
To describe the chief complaints of people older than 65 years who seek chiropractic care at a chiropractic teaching clinic and assess the case mix available at the clinic.

Methods:
One hundred patient files were included in this study. Patient files were included if the patient was older than 65 years when he or she initiated care at the teaching clinic. Data on age, sex, and chief complaints were recorded.

Results:
Of the patients included in this study, 55% were female. The mean age of patients was 69.5 years, with an age range of 65–88 years. The most common chief complaint was low back pain, with 45% of patients reporting this as their chief complaint. The second most prevalent complaint was neck pain, followed by patients seeking care with no presenting complaints (14%) and patients with extremity complaints (8%). Groin pain, hip pain, balance problems, headaches, and visceral complaints were also reported.

Conclusion:
The most common reasons that older patients presented for chiropractic care were for back and neck pain. The case mix was considered similar to practices in the country.
Influence of Bioreceptor Layer Structure on Myelin Basic Protein Detection using Organic Field Effect Transistor‐Based Biosensors
Authors: Song Jian , Dailey Jennifer , Li Hui , Jang Hyun‐June , Russell Luisa , Zhang Pengfei , Searson Peter C. , Wang Jeff Tza‐Huei , Everett Allen D. , Katz Howard E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOrganic field‐effect transistor (OFET)‐based biosensors with antibody receptors are widely considered for protein antigen detection. To the authors' knowledge, there are no comparative evaluations to date of different choices for the matrix polymer to which the antibodies are attached. Herein, multiple acrylic copolymers are studied as receptor layers with myelin basic protein and its corresponding antibody as an archetypal antibody–antigen pair. Stability against multiple washing steps and the capacity for immobilizing antibodies on polymers on device surfaces with the help of fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled antibodies are compared. Electronic detection and selectivity are also observed. The conclusions provide guidance on the selection of bioreceptor material for increasing sensitivity and process stability of OFET biosensors.
Recent Advances in Growth of Novel 2D Materials: Beyond Graphene and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Geng Dechao , Yang Hui Ying 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSince the discovery of graphene just over a decade ago, 2D materials have been a central focus of materials research and engineering because of their unique properties and potential of revealing intriguing new phenomena. In the past few years, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have also attracted considerable attention because of the intrinsically opened bandgap. The exceptional properties and potential applications of graphene and TMDs have inspired explosive efforts to discover novel 2D materials. Here, emerging novel 2D materials are summarized and recent progress in the preparation, characterization, and application of 2D materials is highlighted. The experimental realization methods for these materials are emphasized, while the large‐area growth and controlled patterning for industrial productions are discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges and potential applications of 2D materials are outlined.
Recent Progress and Future Prospects of 2D‐Based Photodetectors
Authors: Huo Nengjie , Konstantatos Gerasimos 
Published: August 2018

AbstractConventional semiconductors such as silicon‐ and indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs)‐based photodetectors have encountered a bottleneck in modern electronics and photonics in terms of spectral coverage, low resolution, nontransparency, nonflexibility, and complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) incompatibility. New emerging two‐dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and their hybrid systems thereof, however, can circumvent all these issues benefitting from mechanically flexibility, extraordinary electronic and optical properties, as well as wafer‐scale production and integration. Heterojunction‐based photodiodes based on 2D materials offer ultrafast and broadband response from the visible to far‐infrared range. Phototransistors based on 2D hybrid systems combined with other material platforms such as quantum dots, perovskites, organic materials, or plasmonic nanostructures yield ultrasensitive and broadband light‐detection capabilities. Notably the facile integration of 2D photodetectors on silicon photonics or CMOS platforms paves the way toward high‐performance, low‐cost, broadband sensing and imaging modalities.
Gas‐Generating Nanoplatforms: Material Chemistry, Multifunctionality, and Gas Therapy
Authors: Yu Luodan , Hu Ping , Chen Yu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe fast advances of theranostic nanomedicine enable the rational design and construction of diverse functional nanoplatforms for versatile biomedical applications, among which gas‐generating nanoplatforms (GGNs) have emerged very recently as unique theranostic nanoplatforms for broad gas therapies. Here, the recent developments of the rational design and chemical construction of versatile GGNs for efficient gas therapies by either exogenous physical triggers or endogenous disease‐environment responsiveness are reviewed. These gases involve some therapeutic gases that can directly change disease status, such as oxygen (O2), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), and other gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2),dl‐menthol (DLM), and gaseous perfluorocarbon (PFC) for supplementary assistance of the theranostic process. Abundant nanocarriers have been adopted for gas delivery into lesions, including poly(d,l‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid), micelles, silica/mesoporous silica, organosilica, MnO2, graphene, Bi2Se3, upconversion nanoparticles, CaCO3, etc. Especially, these GGNs have been successfully developed for versatile biomedical applications, including diagnostic imaging and therapeutic use. The biosafety issue, challenges faced, and future developments on the rational construction of GGNs are also discussed for further promotion of their clinical translation to benefit patients.
Self‐Healing Micellar Ion Gels Based on Multiple Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Tamate Ryota , Hashimoto Kei , Horii Tatsuhiro , Hirasawa Manabu , Li Xiang , Shibayama Mitsuhiro , Watanabe Masayoshi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIon gels, composed of macromolecular networks filled by ionic liquids (ILs), are promising candidate soft solid electrolytes for use in wearable/flexible electronic devices. In this context, the introduction of a self‐healing function would significantly improve the long‐term durability of ion gels subject to mechanical loading. Nevertheless, compared to hydrogels and organogels, the self‐healing of ion gels has barely investigated been because of there being insufficient understanding of the interactions between polymers and ILs. Herein, a new class of supramolecular micellar ion gel composed of a diblock copolymer and a hydrophobic IL, which exhibits self‐healing at room temperature, is presented. The diblock copolymer has an IL‐phobic block and a hydrogen‐bonding block with hydrogen‐bond‐accepting and donating units. By combining the IL and the diblock copolymer, micellar ion gels are prepared in which the IL phobic blocks form a jammed micelle core, whereas coronal chains interact with each other via multiple hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds between the coronal chains in the IL endow the ion gel with a high level of mechanical strength as well as rapid self‐healing at room temperature without the need for any external stimuli such as light or elevated temperatures.
Photonic Synapses Based on Inorganic Perovskite Quantum Dots for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Wang Yan , Lv Ziyu , Chen Jinrui , Wang Zhanpeng , Zhou Ye , Zhou Li , Chen Xiaoli , Han Su‐Ting 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInspired by the biological neuromorphic system, which exhibits a high degree of connectivity to process huge amounts of information, photonic memory is expected to pave a way to overcome the von Neumann bottleneck for nonconventional computing. Here, a photonic flash memory based on all‐inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) is demonstrated. The heterostructure formed between the CsPbBr3 QDs and semiconductor layer serves as a basis for optically programmable and electrically erasable characteristics of the memory device. Furthermore, synapse functions including short‐term plasticity, long‐term plasticity, and spike‐rate‐dependent plasticity are emulated at the device level. The photonic potentiation and electrical habituation are implemented and the synaptic weight exhibits multiple wavelength response from 365, 450, 520 to 660 nm. These results may locate the stage for further thrilling novel advances in perovskite‐based memories.
Self‐Healing Zwitterionic Microgels as a Versatile Platform for Malleable Cell Constructs and Injectable Therapies
Authors: Sinclair Andrew , O'Kelly Mary Beth , Bai Tao , Hung Hsiang‐Chieh , Jain Priyesh , Jiang Shaoyi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInjectable and malleable hydrogels that combine excellent biocompatibility, physiological stability, and ease of use are highly desirable for biomedical applications. Here, a simple and scalable strategy is reported to make injectable and malleable zwitterionic polycarboxybetaine hydrogels, which are superhydrophilic, nonimmunogenic, and completely devoid of nonspecific interactions. When zwitterionic microgels are reconstructed, the combination of covalent crosslinking inside each microgel and supramolecular interactions between them gives the resulting zwitterionic injectable pellet (ZIP) constructs supportive moduli and tunable viscoelasticity. ZIP constructs can be lyophilized to a sterile powder that fully recovers its strength and elasticity upon rehydration, simplifying storage and formulation. The lyophilized powder can be reconstituted with any aqueous suspension of cells or therapeutics, and rapidly and spontaneously self‐heals into a homogeneous composite construct. This versatile and highly biocompatible platform material shows great promise for many applications, including as an injectable cell culture scaffold that promotes multipotent stem cell expansion and provides oxidative stress protection.
Halogenated Tetraazapentacenes with Electron Mobility as High as 27.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 in Solution‐Processed n‐Channel Organic Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Chu Ming , Fan Jian‐Xun , Yang Shuaijun , Liu Dan , Ng Chun Fai , Dong Huanli , Ren Ai‐Min , Miao Qian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMolecular engineering of tetraazapentacene with different numbers of fluorine and chlorine substituents fine‐tunes the frontier molecular orbitals, molecular vibrations, and π–π stacking for n‐type organic semiconductors. Among the six halogenated tetraazapentacenes studied herein, the tetrachloro derivative (4Cl‐TAP) in solution‐processed thin‐film transistors exhibits electron mobility of 14.9 ± 4.9 cm2 V−1 s−1 with a maximum value of 27.8 cm2 V−1 s−1, which sets a new record for n‐channel organic field‐effect transistors. Computational studies on the basis of crystal structures shed light on the structure–property relationships for organic semiconductors. First, chlorine substituents slightly decrease the reorganization energy of the tetraazapentacene whereas fluorine substituents increase the reorganization energy as a result of fine‐tuning molecular vibrations. Second, the electron transfer integral is very sensitive to subtle changes in the 2D π‐stacking with brickwork arrangement. The unprecedentedly high electron mobility of 4Cl‐TAP is attributed to the reduced reorganization energy and enhanced electron transfer integral as a result of modification of tetraazapentacene with four chlorine substituents.
A Versatile Strategy to Fabricate 3D Conductive Frameworks for Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Qi Li‐Ya , Shang Luoran , Chen Xi , Ye Luhan , Zhang Weixia , Feng Peijian , Zou Wei , Cao Naizhen , Zhou Heng‐Hui , Weitz David A. , Li Xin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe suppression of lithium dendrite is critical to the realization of lithium metal batteries. 3D conductive framework, among different approaches, has shown very promising results in dendrite suppression. A novel cost‐effective and versatile dip‐coating method is presented here to make 3D conductive framework. Various substrates with different geometries are coated successfully with copper, including electrically insulating glass fiber (GF) or rice paper and conducting Ni foam. In particular, the as‐prepared copper coated GF shows promising results to serve as the lithium metal substrate by the electrochemical battery tests. The method significantly broadens the candidate materials database for 3D conductive framework to include all kinds of intrinsically insulating 3D substrates.
Effect of Ring‐Fusion on Miscibility and Domain Purity: Key Factors Determining the Performance of PDI‐Based Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Huawei , Li Yunke , Zhang Jianquan , Peng Zhengxing , Ma Lik‐kuen , Xin Jingming , Huang Jiachen , Ma Tingxuan , Jiang Kui , Zhang Guangye , Ma Wei , Ade Harald , Yan He 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCompared to the rapid development of nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) based on the state‐of‐the‐art indacenodithiophene (IDT)‐based small molecule acceptors (SMAs), the progress for perylene diimide (PDI)‐based electron acceptors has lagged behind owing to the lack of understanding on the structure–morphology–performance relationship of PDI SMAs. Given the ease of synthesis for PDIs and their high intrinsic electron mobility, it is crucial to identify key material parameters that influence the polymer:PDI blend morphology and to develop rational approaches for molecular design toward high‐performance PDI‐based SMAs. In this study, three pairs of PDI‐based SMAs with and without ring‐fusion are investigated and it is found that ring‐fusion and domain purity are the key structural and morphological factors determining the fill factors (FFs) and efficiencies of PDI‐based nonfullerene OSCs. This data shows that nonfullerene OSCs based on the ring‐fused PDI‐based SMAs exhibit much higher average domain purity and thus increased charge mobilities, which lead to enhanced FFs compared to those solar cells based on nonfused PDIs. This is explained by higher Florry Huggins interaction parameters as observed by melting point depression measurements. This study suggests that increasing repulsive molecular interactions to lower the miscibility between the polymer donor and PDI acceptor is the key to improve the FF and performance of PDI‐based devices.
Microtubing‐Reactor‐Assisted Aliphatic C−H Functionalization with HCl as a Hydrogen‐Atom‐Transfer Catalyst Precursor in Conjunction with an Organic Photoredox Catalyst
Authors: Deng Hong‐Ping , Zhou Quan , Wu Jie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractChlorine radical, which is classically generated by the homolysis of Cl2 under UV irradiation, can abstract a hydrogen atom from an unactivated C(sp3)−H bond. We herein demonstrate the use of HCl as an effective hydrogen‐atom‐transfer catalyst precursor activated by an organic acridinium photoredox catalyst under visible‐light irradiation for C−H alkylation and allylation. The key to success relied on the utilization of microtubing reactors to maintain the volatile HCl catalyst. This photomediated chlorine‐based C−H activation protocol is effective for a variety of unactivated C(sp3)−H bond patterns, even with primary C(sp3)−H bonds, as in ethane. The merit of this strategy is illustrated by rapid access to several pharmaceutical drugs from abundant unfunctionalized alkane feedstocks.
Seeing the Light: Advancing Materials Chemistry through Photopolymerization
Authors: Corrigan Nathaniel , Yeow Jonathan , Judzewitsch Peter , Xu Jiangtao , Boyer Cyrille 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe application of photochemistry to polymer and material science has led to the development of complex yet efficient systems for polymerization, polymer post‐functionalization, and advanced materials production. Using light to activate chemical reaction pathways in these systems not only leads to exquisite control over reaction dynamics, but also allows complex synthetic protocols to be easily achieved. Compared to polymerization systems mediated by thermal, chemical, or electrochemical means, photoinduced polymerization systems can potentially offer more versatile methods for macromolecular synthesis. We highlight the utility of light as an energy source for mediating photopolymerization, and present some promising examples of systems which are advancing materials production through their exploitation of photochemistry.
Design of Hollow Protein Nanoparticles with Modifiable Interior and Exterior Surfaces
Authors: Kawakami Norifumi , Kondo Hiroki , Matsuzawa Yuki , Hayasaka Kaoru , Nasu Erika , Sasahara Kenji , Arai Ryoichi , Miyamoto Kenji 
Published: August 2018

AbstractProtein‐based nanoparticles hold promise for a broad range of applications. Here, we report the production of a uniform anionic hollow protein nanoparticle, designated TIP60, which spontaneously assembles from a designed fusion protein subunit based on the geometric features of polyhedra. We show that TIP60 tolerates mutation and both its interior and exterior surfaces can be chemically modified. Moreover, TIP60 forms larger structures upon the addition of a cationic protein. Therefore, TIP60 can be used as a modifiable nano‐building block for further molecular assembly.
Confined Nanopipette Sensing: From Single Molecules, Single Nanoparticles, to Single Cells
Authors: Yu Ru‐Jia , Ying Yi‐Lun , Gao Rui , Long Yi‐Tao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNanopipettes provide a promising confined space that enables advances in electrochemical, optical, and mass spectrometric measurements at the nanoscale. They have been employed to reveal the hidden population properties and dynamics of single molecules and single particles. Moreover, new detection mechanisms based on nanopipettes have led to detailed information on single cells at high spatial and temporal resolution. In this Minireview, we focus on the fabrication and characterization of nanopipettes, summarize their wide applications for the analysis of single entities, and conclude with an outlook for advanced practical sensing.
Upconversion of Reductants
Authors: Syroeshkin Mikhail A. , Kuriakose Febin , Saverina Evgeniya A. , Timofeeva Vladislava A. , Egorov Mikhail P. , Alabugin Igor V. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe many applications of photon upconversion—conversion of low‐energy photons into high‐energy photons—raises the question of the possibility of “electron upconversion”. In this Review, we illustrate how the reduction potential can be increased by using the free energy of exergonic chemical reactions. Electron (reductant) upconversion can produce up to 20–25 kcal mol−1 of additional redox potential, thus creating powerful reductants under mild conditions. We will present the two common types of electron‐upconverting systems—dissociative (based on unimolecular fragmentations) and associative (based on the bimolecular formation of three‐electron bonds). The possible utility of reductant upconversion encompasses redox chain reactions in electrocatalytic processes, photoredox cascades, design of peroxide‐based medicines, firefly luminescence, and reductive repair of DNA photodamage.
Care of the Patient Undergoing a Neurosurgical Procedure in an Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Suite
Authors: Hiatt Cathy 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe intraoperative nursing care of a patient undergoing a neurosurgical procedure in an intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suite requires an elevated level of planning and implementation of interventions for patient safety and the safety of the surgical team. Developing team guidelines, protocols, and competencies that take into account the specific safety and positioning requirements for an MRI scan (ie, identifying MRI zones, safe use of ferrous and nonferrous instruments, following MRI safety guidelines) is key to the success of these procedures. Personnel at two sites at the University of Utah Health in Salt Lake City have implemented a standardized intraoperative MRI program for a variety of neurosurgical procedures.
Azole‐based non‐peptidomimetic plasmepsin inhibitors
Authors: Kinena Linda , Leitis Gundars , Kanepe‐Lapsa Iveta , Bobrovs Raitis , Jaudzems Kristaps , Ozola Vita , Suna Edgars , Jirgensons Aigars 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe spread of drug‐resistant malaria parasites urges the search for new antimalarial drugs. Malarial aspartic proteases – plasmepsins (Plms) – are differentially expressed in multiple stages of the Plasmodium parasite's lifecycle and are considered as attractive drug targets. We report the development of novel azole‐based non‐peptidomimetic plasmepsin inhibitors that have been designed by bioisosteric substitution of the amide moiety in the Actelion amino‐piperazine inhibitors. The best triazole‐based inhibitors show submicromolar potency toward Plm II, which is comparable to that of the parent Actelion compounds. The new inhibitors can be used as a starting point for the development of a resistance‐free antimalarial drug targeting the non‐digestive Plm IX or X, which are essential for the malaria parasite life cycle.
Homogeneous Catalysis: A Powerful Technology for the Modification of Important Biomolecules
Authors: Shelke Yogesh G. , Yashmeen Afsana , Gholap Aniket V. A. , Gharpure Santosh J. , Kapdi Anant R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHomogeneous catalysis plays an important and ubiquitous role in the synthesis of simple and complex molecules, including drug compounds, natural products, and agrochemicals. In recent years, the wide‐reaching importance of homogeneous catalysis has made it an indispensable tool for the modification of biomolecules, such as carbohydrates (sugars), amino acids, peptides, nucleosides, nucleotides, and steroids. Such a synthetic strategy offers several advantages, which have led to the development of new molecules of biological relevance at a rapid rate relative to the number of available synthetic methods. Given the powerful nature of homogeneous catalysis in effecting these synthetic transformations, this Focus Review has been compiled to highlight these important developments.