bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current collective engagement stakeholder strategies for South African labour relations
Authors: Madlala Popi C. , Govender Cookie M. 
Published: May 2018

Orientation: Collective engagement stakeholder strategies are significant for the creation of harmony in the workplace. It is a known fact that the South African (SA) labour environment has been dominated by industrial action before and after the 1994 democratic transition. To be precise, the statistics reveals that industrial action has increased and become more destructive post-1994.Purpose: The purpose of this article was to present the current collective engagement stakeholder strategies for South African labour relations.Motivation for the study: The SA mining sector has seen more violent strikes, with a higher number of deaths, injuries, criminal activities, arrests, dismissals and job losses in recent years. This article captures the current mining stakeholder strategies shaping the existing labour relations environment.Research approach, design and method: This is a theoretical article highlighting the recent literature on collective engagement in the mining sector in South Africa.Main findings: This article presents the current labour relations incidents, reflecting the need for more effective collective engagement and stakeholder management strategies.Practical and managerial implications: The current labour relations context has prompted key stakeholders at the National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC) to look specifically at promoting employment, labour market stability, the right to strike, minimising violence through collective bargaining and highlighting the role of the state, reducing vulnerability through social protection and increasing the minimum wage.Contribution or value add: This article adds theoretically to the existing body of knowledge regarding collective engagement and stakeholder strategies in the SA mining sector.
<i>Ubuntu</i> as care: Deconstructing the gendered <i>Ubuntu</i>
Authors: Chisale Sinenhlanhla S. 
Published: May 2018

In this article, I explore the concept of Ubuntu in a context of caregiving with the aim of deconstructing the gendering of caregiving in a context of pastoral care. Using a qualitative approach, this article draws from the empirical findings of primeval praxis of Ubuntu from a study conducted on the KwaZulu-Natal chapter of South Africa’s National Research Foundation (NRF) funded ‘Archaeology of Ubuntu’ project. Empirical findings were evaluated through African women theology. Findings of this article highlight that Ubuntu in a context of caregiving is not exclusively feminine because men also display strong tendencies of care in African traditional communities. This suggests that pastoral care in an African context should not be gendered because findings of the article confirm that the Zulu elders from KwaZulu-Natal generally linked Ubuntu to communal care where men and women partnered in extending caregiving to those in need.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: Although the article is written from a socio-anthropological perspective, it integrates African traditional presumptions of gender and care ethics that are significant in extending pastoral care by reviewing literature from sociology, anthropology, gender, feminist studies, practical theology and systematic theology.
A Reformed assessment of George Lindbeck’s ecclesial ethics
Authors: Kim Junseop 
Published: May 2018

Lindbeck’s theology can be defined as an ecclesiology. For the ultimate concern in his life and thoughts is an ecclesiastical one. His ecclesial ethics is based on his ecclesiology. It has two aspects: the intra-systematic view of truth and the cultural-linguistic view of religion. From a Reformed viewpoint, it attempts to overcome theological liberals’ universalistic and reductionist tendency by emphasising the particularity of religions. It also focuses on the -intra-textual and performative aspects of Christian ethics. Its notion of incommensurability, however, has difficulty in explaining the continuity between the world of the Bible and the extrabiblical world, and between religions. In contrast, Reformed theology can solve the problem by using the idea of revelatory continuity.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implication: As a Reformed intradisciplinary assessment on George Lindbeck’s ecclesial ethics, this article maintains that his notion of incommensurability finds it difficult to explain the continuity between the world of the Bible and the extrabiblical world, and between religions, and that a Reformed idea of revelatory continuity can be its solution.
Risk factors for ruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Wang Guang-Xian , Zhang Dong , Wang Zhi-Ping , Yang Liu-Qing , Yang Hua , Li Wen 
Published: May 2018

Background & objectives:
The treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs) remains controversial; the ability to predict the risk of rupture for an aneurysm would be of clinical value. The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the predictive value of the risk factors of IA rupture.

Methods:
This retrospective study involved 379 consecutive patients with 441 aneurysms between August 2011 and July 2014. Based on clinical data and computed tomography angiography findings, the potential of risk factors to predict the aneurysmal rupture was assessed using statistical methods.

Results:
Age, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, cerebral atherosclerosis, aneurysms located at the internal carotid artery (ICA) and neck width (N) correlated negatively with rupture risk. Aneurysms located at the anterior communicating artery, bifurcation, irregularity, with a daughter sac, aneurysm height, maximum size, aspect ratio (AR), height-to-width ratio and bottleneck factor were significantly and positively correlated with rupture risk. The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that bifurcation aneurysm, irregular aneurysm and high AR increased the rupture risk, while cerebral atherosclerosis, aneurysm located on the ICA and greater N decreased the risk. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of AR curve values differed according to circumstances.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Cerebral atherosclerosis, location in the ICA and larger N were the protective factors against aneurysm rupture, and IAs located at bifurcations, irregular shape and increased AR indicated a greater rupture risk.
Cytopenia in adult brucellosis patients
Authors: Kaya Safak , Elaldi Nazif , Deveci Ozcan , Eskazan Ahmet Emre , Bekcibasi Muhammed , Hosoglu Salih 
Published: May 2018

Background & objectives:
Brucellosis can lead to haematological abnormalities including cytopenia confusing with haematological malignancies. The aim of this study was to compare the main characteristics of brucellosis patients without cytopenia (Group 1) and with cytopenia (Group 2).

Methods:
This five-year period study which was performed in two referral hospitals in Turkey, included all adult brucellosis patients. Abnormally, low counts of leucocyte or haemoglobin or platelets in a patient were considered as cytopenia. The demographics, clinical, laboratory, treatment and outcome data were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 484 brucellosis patients were enrolled. Among the cases, 162 (33.5%) of them had cytopenia. One hundred and four (21.5%) had anaemia, 88 (18.8%) had thrombocytopenia, 71 (14.6%) had leucopenia and 28 (5.8%) had pancytopenia. The mean age of group 2 was 35.01±16.05 yr and it was 33.31±14.39 yr in group 1. While there was no difference between the groups in terms of duration of treatment, the median length of hospital stay (LOS) was significantly longer in group 2 (9 vs 10 days; P <0.001). The most frequently applied combination therapy consisted of doxycycline plus rifampicin and doxycycline plus streptomycin regimens. No significant difference was observed in terms of duration of treatment, LOS and restoration time of cytopenia between the patients who received either of these combinations.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our findings suggested that the patients with cytopenia should be investigated for brucellosis, especially if living in, or with a history of travel to, endemic areas, in view of the increase in world travel.
Effects of synbiotics on ileal microbiota
Authors: Komatsu Shunichiro , Sakamoto Eiji , Asahara Takashi , Nomoto Koji , Nagino Masato 
Published: May 2018

Background & objectives:
Despite advancements in molecular-based methods, the composition of the human ileal microbiota and the effects of synbiotics/probiotics on its microbes remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of the mucus microbiota in the human ileum and to assess the effects of oral administration of synbiotics on the microbiota.

Methods:
As part of a clinical trial for synbiotics treatment and surgical infection, ileal mucus was sampled when resection of the ileocecal portion was required. The microbiota composition was examined using 16S rRNA-targeted real-time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
A total of 33 samples from the synbiotics group and 39 from the control group were analyzed. Total numbers of bacteria in the ileum were 108.5 cells/g in the synbiotics group and 108.4 cells/g in the control group, in which obligate anaerobes were dominant over facultative anaerobes. The level of Enterobacteriaceae was significantly lower in the synbiotics group than in the control group. The administered probiotics species Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota and Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult were detected in 42 and 76 per cent of the synbiotics group, respectively. No significant correlations were observed between tumour stage/size and the various microbes present, except for a negative correlation between tumour size and Bifidobacterium.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The present analysis of a substantial number of samples from surgically resected intestines showed an abundance of obligate anaerobes as a characteristic feature of the ileal mucus microbiota. Our results also indicated that the synbiotics intervention induced a prominent reduction in Enterobacteriaceae in the ileal microbiota.
Calibration of Raman lidar water vapor profiles by means of AERONET photometer observations and GDAS meteorological data
Authors: Dai Guangyao , Althausen Dietrich , Hofer Julian , Engelmann Ronny , Seifert Patric , Bühl Johannes , Mamouri Rodanthi-Elisavet , Wu Songhua , Ansmann Albert 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. We present a practical method to continuously calibrate Raman lidar
observations of water vapor mixing ratio profiles. The water vapor profile
measured with the multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar
PollyXT is calibrated by means of co-located AErosol
RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sun photometer observations and Global Data
Assimilation System (GDAS) temperature and pressure profiles. This method is
applied to lidar observations conducted during the Cyprus Cloud Aerosol and
Rain Experiment (CyCARE) in Limassol, Cyprus. We use the GDAS temperature and
pressure profiles to retrieve the water vapor density. In the next step, the
precipitable water vapor from the lidar observations is used for the
calibration of the lidar measurements with the sun photometer measurements.
The retrieved calibrated water vapor mixing ratio from the lidar measurements
has a relative uncertainty of 11 % in which the error is mainly caused by
the error of the sun photometer measurements. During CyCARE, nine measurement
cases with cloud-free and stable meteorological conditions are selected to
calculate the precipitable water vapor from the lidar and the sun photometer
observations. The ratio of these two precipitable water vapor values yields
the water vapor calibration constant. The calibration constant for the
PollyXT Raman lidar is
6.56 g kg−1 ± 0.72 g kg−1 (with a statistical uncertainty
of 0.08 g kg−1 and an instrumental uncertainty of 0.72 g kg−1).
To check the quality of the water vapor calibration, the water vapor mixing
ratio profiles from the simultaneous nighttime observations with Raman lidar
and Vaisala radiosonde sounding are compared. The correlation of the water
vapor mixing ratios from these two instruments is determined by using all of
the 19 simultaneous nighttime measurements during CyCARE. Excellent agreement
with the slope of 1.01 and the R2 of 0.99 is found. One example is
presented to demonstrate the full potential of a well-calibrated Raman lidar.
The relative humidity profiles from lidar, GDAS (simulation) and radiosonde
are compared, too. It is found that the combination of water vapor mixing
ratio and GDAS temperature profiles allow us to derive relative humidity
profiles with the relative uncertainty of 10–20 %.
Impacts of the horizontal and vertical grids on the numerical solutions of the dynamical equations – Part 2: Quasi-geostrophic Rossby modes
Authors: Konor Celal S. , Randall David A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. We use a normal-mode analysis to investigate the impacts of the horizontal
and vertical discretizations on the numerical solutions of the
quasi-geostrophic anelastic baroclinic and barotropic Rossby modes on a
midlatitude β plane. The dispersion equations are derived for the
linearized anelastic system, discretized on the Z, C, D, CD, (DC), A, E and B
horizontal grids, and on the L and CP vertical grids. The effects of various
horizontal grid spacings and vertical wavenumbers are discussed. A companion
paper, Part 1, discusses the impacts of the discretization on the
inertia–gravity modes on a midlatitude f plane. The results of our normal-mode analyses for the Rossby waves overall support
the conclusions of the previous studies obtained with the shallow-water
equations. We identify an area of disagreement with the E-grid solution.
How downstream sub-basins depend on upstream inflows to avoid scarcity: typology and global analysis of transboundary rivers
Authors: Munia Hafsa Ahmed , Guillaume Joseph H. A. , Mirumachi Naho , Wada Yoshihide , Kummu Matti 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Countries sharing river basins are often dependent upon water originating
outside their boundaries; meaning that without that upstream water, water
scarcity may occur with flow-on implications for water use and management.
We develop a formalisation of this concept drawing on ideas about the transition
between regimes from resilience literature, using water stress and water
shortage as indicators of water scarcity. In our analytical framework,
dependency occurs if water from upstream is needed to avoid scarcity. This
can be diagnosed by comparing different types of water availability on which
a sub-basin relies, in particular local runoff and upstream inflows. At the
same time, possible upstream water withdrawals reduce available water
downstream, influencing the latter water availability. By developing a
framework of scarcity and dependency, we contribute to the understanding of
transitions between system regimes. We apply our analytical framework to
global transboundary river basins at the scale of sub-basin areas (SBAs). Our
results show that 1175 million people live under water stress (42 % of the
total transboundary population). Surprisingly, the majority (1150 million) of these currently suffer
from stress only due to their own excessive water use and possible water from
upstream does not have impact on the stress status – i.e. they are not yet
dependent on upstream water to avoid stress – but could still impact on the
intensity of the stress. At the same time, 386 million people (14 %) live
in SBAs that can avoid stress owing to available water from upstream and have
thus upstream dependency. In the case of water shortage, 306 million people
(11 %) live in SBAs dependent on upstream water to avoid possible shortage.
The identification of transitions between system regimes sheds light on how
SBAs may be affected in the future, potentially contributing to further refined
analysis of inter- and intrabasin hydro-political power relations and
strategic planning of management practices in transboundary basins.
Testing the effects of topography, geometry, and kinematics on modeled thermochronometer cooling ages in the eastern Bhutan Himalaya
Authors: Gilmore Michelle E. , McQuarrie Nadine , Eizenhöfer Paul R. , Ehlers Todd A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In this study, reconstructions of a balanced geologic cross section in the Himalayan fold–thrust belt of eastern Bhutan are used in flexural–kinematic and thermokinematic models to understand the sensitivity of predicted cooling ages to changes in fault kinematics, geometry, topography, and radiogenic heat production. The kinematics for each scenario are created by sequentially deforming the cross section with  ∼ 10 km deformation steps while applying flexural loading and erosional unloading at each step to develop a high-resolution evolution of deformation, erosion, and burial over time. By assigning ages to each increment of displacement, we create a suite of modeled scenarios that are input into a 2-D thermokinematic model to predict cooling ages. Comparison of model-predicted cooling ages to published thermochronometer data reveals that cooling ages are most sensitive to (1) the location and size of fault ramps, (2) the variable shortening rates between 68 and 6.4 mm yr−1, and (3) the timing and magnitude of out-of-sequence faulting. The predicted ages are less sensitive to (4) radiogenic heat production and (5) estimates of topographic evolution. We used the observed misfit of predicted to measured cooling ages to revise the cross section geometry and separate one large ramp previously proposed for the modern décollement into two smaller ramps. The revised geometry results in an improved fit to observed ages, particularly young AFT ages (2–6 Ma) located north of the Main Central Thrust. This study presents a successful approach for using thermochronometer data to test the viability of a proposed cross section geometry and kinematics and describes a viable approach to estimating the first-order topographic evolution of a compressional orogen.
Impacto de la productividad y eficiencia técnica de los granos básicos en Nicaragua, 1961 – 2013
Authors: López-González Alvaro Santiago , Zúniga-González Carlos Alberto , Rangel-Cura Raúl Alberto , Dios-Palamares Rafaela , Colón-García Adelfa Patricia , Quirós-Madrigal Olman José 
Published: May 2018

El presente estudio se centró en medir el impacto de las tecnologías implementadas en los granos básicos de Nicaragua para mejorar la productividad total de los factores (PTF), considerando la variabilidad del clima. Se utilizó la base de datos de la FAO para los rubros: Arroz, maíz y frijol. Se aplicó la metodología de los índices de Malmquist, que mide la productividad total de los factores y explica las causas de estas en bases a la Tecnología y la Eficiencia Técnica. Esta a su vez es explicada por la Eficiencia a escala y la Eficiencia pura. Los resultados evidencian un comportamiento no uniforme del indicador PTF para cada uno de los rubros estudiados (arroz, frijol y maíz) durante el período 1961 – 2013. Además se observa que la evolución de los indicadores obtenidos se explica a partir de los indicadores de cambio tecnológico con poca incidencia del indicador de eficiencia técnica en tal comportamiento. El cultivo del frijol es el rubro que presenta una mayor evolución en su indicador PTF con un 12%, seguido del cultivo del arroz con un 11% y el cultivo del maíz con un 5%.
Mujeres y participación política en Nicaragua, 1980 -2015
Authors: Rios-Molina Leyjanis Masciel , Rivas-Garcia Julio Antonio 
Published: May 2018

El estudio se centró en valorar las causas de la no participación de las mujeres en el municipio de Villanueva. La participación política es uno de los problemas fundamentales que necesitan ser atendidos en el área de todo el país, porque es una complicación que afecta especialmente a la mujer y se está proporcionando una inequidad con respecto a la asignación de recursos. Este trabajo se realizó revisando las publicaciones de los especialistas en la materia. Los resultados evidencian que este problema no está perjudicando solamente a Nicaragua sino a toda América Latina, se utilizó los registros que han realizado especialistas en dicho país. En el estudio se encontró que los sectores más vulnerables que sufren en la no participación política son las mujeres, jóvenes y comunidades indígenas.
El trabajo infantil en la zona rural con edades de escolaridad
Authors: Avendaño Juan de Dios 
Published: May 2018

El estudio se centró en discutir el tema del trabajo infantil desde una perspectiva orientada en el sujeto; un tema altamente controvertido y marcado por las diversas emociones. El punto central son los propios niños trabajadores. Se analiza su trabajo primordialmente bajo el aspecto de los significados que tiene para ellos mismos. De hecho a pesar de muchos trabajos que aborda sobre los derechos del niño es frecuente ver en la televisión y en la prensa imágenes y artículos de niños trabajadores de países en desarrollo, mal alimentados y pobremente vestidos. En los albores del nuevo milenio, el trabajo que realizan estos desafortunados niños es un rasgo inaceptable de la vida de muchísimos países. La secuelas que más se ven son las edades de nuestra niñez quecorresponden para estar en los primeros grados de los centro escolares rurales y que muchas veces vemos que algunos padres le pone menor importancia a esa etapa ya que es muy fácil de manejar. A fin de que ellos logren terminar sus estudios y cuando lo termina lo hace con poca destreza y asimilación de contenidos básicos. Simultáneamente, algunos docente quiere ser parte de la solución a este flagelo; aunque la evaluación no son aplicada profesionalmente y esto incluyen que los niños prefieren trabajar que estudiar por lo que resulta una formación a largo plazo y con una dedicación muy esmerada por los actores que conforma la educación: padres, alumnos y docentes; sin poner fuera de contexto la ayuda de los gobierno.
Cultivo de Trigo harinero Triticum aestivum, una alternativa para la soberanía nutricional y adaptación ante el cambio climático, en el departamento de Jinotega
Authors: Estrada Santana David Concepción , Zúniga-González Carlos Alberto , Hernández-Rueda Mauricio José , Marinero-Orates Edgar Antonio 
Published: May 2018

El presente ensayo, se centró en dar a conocer la importancia agronómica y económica del rubro del trigo harinero Triticum aestivum, como estrategia de Soberanía, Seguridad nutricional local y de Desarrollo Rural en tres zonas climáticamente diferentes del departamento de Jinotega, debido a su alto valor nutricional de proteínas 10.1%, carbohidratos 76.7% y fibras 47.55%, que aporta este rubro a las familias productoras del mundo. Así incluirlo en los programas de gobierno locales para contra restar la pobreza extrema de Nicaragua; y disminuir las importaciones económica de 36.1 millones de dólares que invierte Nicaragua anualmente. Por otro lado, incorporar el trigo harinero en los proyectos de sistemas de producción agrícolas diversificado con enfoque agroecológico para lograr la adaptabilidad ante los impactos del cambio climático.