bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of osteoderm function and future research directions
Authors: Ebel R. , Herrel A. , Scheyer T. M. , Keogh J. S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOsteoderms, bone plates in the skin, are widely but discontinuously distributed across the phylogeny of tetrapods. This and their pronounced morphological disparity has inspired many hypotheses on possible osteoderm functions. Most of these have not been systematically studied or summarised based on the published disparate literature. We provide here a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge in this field with a focus on extant non‐avian reptiles. We also discuss functions in other extant osteoderm‐bearing taxa and those inferred from the fossil record. The hypotheses are categorised into protection, lifestyle and locomotion, physiology, and visual functions. A comprehensive overview of future directions in this field is provided. With this review, we hope to encourage future research to investigate the functional aspect of osteoderms. This might inspire biomimetics and shed light on the role that osteoderm expression may have played in shaping present‐day biodiversity.
Physicians in congress: Professional backgrounds and legislative effectiveness
Authors: Fountaine Alexandra , Shepherd Michael E. , Skinner Daniel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite a long history of physician service in the U.S. Congress, scholars have not yet provided a systematic study of physician members of Congress (PMCs) behavior once elected. Using publicly available data, the authors built a database of all PMCs, including years served, gender, and party affiliation since 1921, merging these data with information on PMC lawmaking activities since 1973. We show that, relative to other members, PMCs are substantially more likely to sponsor and have their health policies passed relative to other members. Further, PMCs are 66% more legislatively effective on health policy matters relative to other members. We show that these health policy effectiveness gains are isolated to health policy making and are not driven by committee assignments or ideological moderation. This work expands on the literatures related to the descriptive and substantive representation of occupational and economic class groupings as well as lawmaking effectiveness.
Microscopic mineralogy of zoned pyroxene in NWA 12522: Implications for the crystallization histories of the shergottites
Authors: Guo Zhuang , Zhu Yu , Li Yang , Coulson Ian M. , Li Xiongyao , Liu Jianzhong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBasaltic shergottites are the most abundant rock type of Martian meteorites, and pyroxene grains within shergottites commonly show a zoned structure. Here, the detailed microscopic mineralogical characteristics of patchy zoned pyroxene in basaltic shergottite NWA 12522 were investigated by a combination of scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the cores of zoned pyroxene in NWA 12522 have a homogeneous Mg# value and consist mainly of augite and pigeonite. By contrast, the rim of zoned pyroxene is extremely ferroan and can be further divided into two regions based on quite distinct mineralogy and textures (i.e., far‐core and near‐core pyroxene rims). The near‐core rim shows narrow exsolution lamellae (~35 nm) that were cross‐cut by thin pigeonite veinlets and contain abundant nano‐sized particles of metastable pyroxferroite and pigeonite. Only relatively coarse exsolution lamellae (~80 nm) were observed in the far‐core pyroxene rim regions. The distinct mineralogical characteristics of the pyroxene rims and cores in NWA 12522 imply different crystallization conditions, and the homogeneous Mg‐rich pyroxene cores should have slowly crystallized from magma within a deep‐seated chamber, followed by an overgrown evolved melt on these pyroxene cores during their ascent to the Martian surface, and disequilibrium crystallization of nano‐sized metastable phase (pyroxferroite) occurred in the near‐core region. The abnormally low ΣREE contents and steep REE pattern (high Yb/La ratio) of the pyroxene rims in NWA 12522 imply that merrillite should have crystallized prior to the pyroxene rims, making the residual melt become REE‐depleted and HREE‐enriched.
Inhibition of Orthodontic Relapse by Local Application of Simvastatin‐Loaded Gelatin Hydrogel in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Rosyida Niswati Fathmah , Ana Ika Dewi , Pudyani Pinandi Sri , Nugroho Akhmad Kharis 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aims to determine the effect of gelatin–simvastatin hydrogel application on bone remodelling during relapse.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were divided into a control group (n = 12) and a treatment group (n = 12). The lower incisors were subjected to orthodontic force and moved distally by an open coil spring. The force (50 cN) was extended for 1 week and retained in a new position for 2 weeks (stabilisation period). The treatment group received a local gelatin–simvastatin hydrogel administration during stabilisation, and the control group received only gelatin hydrogel. The springs were debonded after the stabilisation phase from both groups to facilitate a relapse. The percentage of relapse was measured in a model study using digital callipers. Levels of OPG and RANKL were analysed using ELISA.ResultsThe local application of gelatin–simvastatin hydrogel in the treatment group significantly decreases the relapse percentage and RANKL level. Additionally, the gelatin–simvastatin hydrogel significantly increases the level of OPG and ratio of OPG/RANKL.ConclusionsApplying gelatin–simvastatin hydrogel in the retention period can induce bone formation, inhibit orthodontic relapse and increase tooth stability (in vivo).
Factors associated with the use of regional anesthesia for calcaneal osteotomy in pediatric patients: A single‐center, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Andrew Benjamin Y. , Pfaff Kayla E. , Jooste Sarah , Einhorn Lisa M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite known disparities in pediatric perioperative outcomes, few studies have examined factors associated with the use of regional anesthesia for pediatric orthopedic surgery.AimsThis investigation aimed to determine if minority and developmental disability status were associated with the allocation of peripheral nerve blocks in calcaneal osteotomy.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center, retrospective study of records of patients <18 years who underwent calcaneal osteotomy from 2013 to 2023. Regional technique was classified into three groups: popliteal‐sciatic single‐shot block, popliteal‐sciatic catheter, and no block. Patients were classified as either nonminority (white, non‐Hispanic) or minority. Developmental disability status was defined based on medical history and classified as binary. Anesthesiologists were classified as “regional” or “nonregional” based on clinical expertise. A Bayesian hierarchical multinomial model with random intercepts for patients and surgeons was used to investigate the association of minority status, developmental disability, and anesthesiologist expertise with block selection.ResultsWe analyzed 287 cases in 225 patients; of these, 55% occurred in minority patients and 28% occurred in patients with developmental disability. Catheters were placed in 45% of cases, single shot blocks in 41%, and no block in 14%. Minority and nonminority patients had a similar likelihood of receiving of any block. Patients with developmental disability had a −22% absolute difference of receiving any block (95% credible interval [−38%, −7%]) compared to those without developmental disability (55% vs. 77%), an effect primarily driven by a lower rate of catheter placement in these children. Regional anesthesiologists were more likely to place catheters (23% absolute increase; 36% vs. 13%) and more likely to perform any block in children with developmental disability (30% absolute increase; 67% vs. 37%) than nonregional anesthesiologists.ConclusionsDecision‐making surrounding the placement of regional anesthesia techniques is complex. In this study, developmental disability status and anesthesiologist experience were associated with a difference in the use of regional anesthesia in patients undergoing calcaneal osteotomy.
Guest Editors' Introduction to Multidimensional Perspectives Addressing the Struggle for Peace and Justice
Authors: Peterson Christian Philip , Howlett Charles F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis special issue undertakes an examination of the multidimensional perspectives authors have written to address the ongoing struggle in the quest for peace and justice. While there is an abundance of lengthy and detailed scholarly analyses available about the issues of violence, war, and peace and justice, these short, concise essays take a rather unique approach. They look at the topic from a variety of perspectives, which includes activists not in the academy, an academic playwright, a museum curator, an international relations scholar, and historians writing about parks and gardens, music, how to best understand the war in Ukraine, and the important role pedagogy can play in the classroom. These contributions not only rely on current research but also are designed to offer a blueprint on how interested readers can work to overcome present obstacles blocking the path to peace and justice. The thread tying them together is not what they say but what they do.
The Importance of Addressing Evolutionary Mismatches in the Production Management of Aquaculture Species
Authors: Mock Thomas S. , Francis Davis S. , Dujon Antoine M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTo achieve production goals, aquaculture often modifies the environments of farmed species, creating conditions that differ significantly from their natural habitats. These alterations can result in evolutionary mismatches, where traits that evolved to optimise survival and reproduction in the wild become maladaptive in farming settings. This can lead to a conflict between traits desired for farming and those favoured by natural selection. In this opinion piece, we examine cases where such evolutionary mismatches arise, their impact on production, and strategies to mitigate these effects. We provide examples of species and farming practices that have been optimised through selective breeding and evolutionary studies and highlight practical solutions that can be applied to the many aquaculture species for which farming practices remain suboptimal. Additionally, we suggest directions for future research to deepen our understanding of evolutionary mismatches in aquaculture.
Analysis of Institutional Design of European Union Cyber Incident and Crisis Management as a Complex Public Good
Authors: Kianpour Mazaher , Frantz Christopher 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTEffective cyber incident response and crisis management increasingly relies on the coordination of relevant actors at supranational levels. A polycentric governance structure is one of the institutional arrangements that can promote active participation of involved actors, an aspect decisive for the rapid and effective response to cyber incidents and crises. This research aims to dissect whether, and to what extent, a polycentric structure is manifested within the cyber crisis management framework of the European Union (EU) and assesses the extent to which these policies signal a balance between centralization and decentralization. By employing Institutional Grammar 2.0, we examine the roles and interactions among actors delineated within four key policies to identify the structural characteristics, institutional essentials, and prerequisites indicative of a polycentric governance system. Additionally, we apply network analysis to evaluate dyadic relationships of actors, further assessing the balance between centralization and decentralization in the EU's cyber crisis management framework. Our analysis reveals that the EU has adopted a polycentric governance model for cyber crisis management, characterized by a nuanced distribution of responsibilities and authorities. The findings highlight a tendency toward centralization, especially in the roles of Member States and the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), while maintaining a polycentric structure that blends centralization and decentralization. This balance can ensure structural integrity and coherence of the system, while theoretically providing the flexibility and resilience needed to adapt to the dynamic cyber threat landscape. The study contributes methodologically, offering a framework that can be applied to other domains, and provides insights into the effective coordination of cyber incident response and crisis management at supranational levels.
Exploring the oral health status of children living with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE): A caregiver described self‐report
Authors: Adams Rachyl L. , Al‐Mayahi Sarah , Mara Mathew D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionHypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is a birth complication due to loss of oxygen flow, resulting in a wide range of physical and cognitive differences often requiring support from multidisciplinary healthcare teams. Despite this population's increased need, little is known about their oral health status and the role of the dentist as a member of the care team.MethodsA 32‐item oral health questionnaire was shared to 8700 members within the patient advocacy non‐profit, Hope for HIE's, Facebook group. The survey assessed caregiver‐reported oral health status and facilitators and barriers to receiving dental care.ResultsTwo hundred sixty‐two individuals responded to the survey. The majority were white (90%, 177/196) parents of children with HIE (99%, 259/262) that lived in the U.S. (76%, 148/195) and cared for children under 3 (42%, 106/251). 36% (85/236) reported cavity experience, 81% (180/223) reported visiting the dentist for a dental check‐up, however, 58% (147/255) considered the dentist to be a member of their child's care team.ConclusionChildren diagnosed with HIE likely experience similar oral health status as their peers, however, qualitative developmental work is necessary to assess facilitators and barriers to receiving dental care, and how to integrate the dentist into the care team.
The Racial Carcerality of Migration Governance
Authors: Garneau Brianna 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBringing migration governance literature into conversation with carceral studies, this article offers a conceptual framework to account for the interconnectedness between migration governance in the global North and the racial logics of carcerality. It argues that criminalization, incarceration, detention, and deportation, converging as a carceral industrial complex, should be viewed in historically specific contexts as modes of racist exclusion that fulfill racial projects. The article first considers critical race scholarship on nation‐state formation to trace the historical and contemporary manifestations of racial exclusion within immigration legislation. Next, the article traces the carceral nature of migration and border governance, focussing particular attention to its expansion into the orbit of families and communities, to suggest that carceral migration governance crystalizes a set of power relations implicated in the reproduction of global racial ordering. To illustrate this argument, the final section engages the carceral migration racial governance framework through the empirical vantage point of ‘the family’ to advance an understanding of the work that carceral migration does for racial ordering and the production of disposable (family) life to those ends.
Ultrasonographic characteristics of splenic stromal sarcoma in 13 dogs
Authors: Sullivan Rachel M. , Hankin Elyshia J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe identification of a solitary splenic mass on abdominal ultrasound is a common occurrence; however, diagnosis based on imaging alone remains a challenge. Multiple studies have tried to identify key characteristics that denote a benign or malignant lesion before splenectomy. Differential diagnoses commonly include hemangiosarcoma, hematoma, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and lymphoid hyperplasia. While comprehensive, this list fails to consider the less frequent neoplasms such as splenic stromal sarcoma. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate 13 dogs diagnosed with canine splenic stromal sarcoma and determine common characteristics noted on abdominal ultrasound. Masses were solid, without evidence of cavitation, and arising from the mid‐body of the spleen. While abdominal ultrasound does not provide a definitive diagnosis for splenic stromal sarcoma, it should be considered when identifying a solitary, solid, noncavitary splenic mass.
Effect of thread direction on rotational stability in lag‐screw fixation of sacroiliac luxation: An ex vivo cadaveric study in small‐breed dogs
Authors: Bae SeungPyo , Jeon YoungJin , Lee Haebeom , Jeong Jaemin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of screw thread direction on rotational resistance in canine sacroiliac (SI) luxation models using left‐ and right‐handed screws.Study designControlled laboratory study.Sample populationTwenty‐four adult canine pelves with proximal femora were examined.MethodsFour groups (n = 6 each) were established: right‐handed screw/right SI luxation (RhRSI), right‐handed screw/left SI luxation (RhLSI), left‐handed screw/left SI luxation (LhLSI), and left‐handed screw/right SI luxation (LhRSI). Under fluoroscopy, 2.4 mm cortical screws were placed into the SI joint in a lag fashion. An acute failure test measured force and torque at yield and peak points, with the ilium and femur positioned at a 108° angle and displacement at 0.099 cm/s. Torque (N cm) was calculated from force (N) and the moment arm (cm).ResultsDifferences in median torque were found at yield and peak points. RhRSI gave 50.08 N cm versus 16.01 N cm for RhLSI (p < .01), and LhLSI showed 39.42 N cm versus 19.93 N cm for LhRSI (p < .03). At peak, RhRSI recorded 67.55 N cm compared to 28.14 N cm for RhLSI (p < .01), and LhLSI reached 51.79 N cm versus 28.28 N cm for LhRSI (p < .05). All samples failed by rotation without screw breakage or fractures.ConclusionRight‐handed screws provided greater rotational resistance in right‐sided luxation, and left‐handed screws in left‐sided luxation, which demonstrated that screw thread direction influenced fixation stability in SI luxation.Clinical significanceThe findings suggest that selecting screw thread direction can enhance biomechanical stability in SI luxation repair, improving surgical outcomes for affected dogs.
Regional cerebral perfusion and sympathetic activation during exercise in hypoxia and hypercapnia: preliminary insight into ‘Cushing's mechanism’
Authors: Wan Hsuan‐Yu , Bunsawat Kanokwan , Jarrett Catherine L. , Shields Katherine L. , Bisconti Angela V. , Weavil Joshua C. , Amann Markus 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe examined the interactive influence of hypoxia and exercise, and hypercapnia and exercise, on regional cerebral perfusion and sympathetic activation. Twenty healthy young adults (seven women) completed study trials including (1) rest in normoxia (: ∼96%, : ∼36 mmHg), normocapnic hypoxia (: ∼84%, : ∼36 mmHg), and normoxic hypercapnia (: ∼98%, : ∼46 mmHg) and (2) unilateral rhythmic handgrip exercise (45% of maximal voluntary contraction at 1 Hz for 3 min) under the same gas conditions. Based on the exercising arm, blood flow in the contralateral internal carotid (ICABF) and ipsilateral vertebral (VABF) arteries, anterior and posterior cerebral O2 delivery (), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were measured in each trial. During exercise in hypoxia, ICABF, VABF, anterior and posterior were significantly lower, whereas total MSNA was significantly greater, than the sum of the responses evoked by either hypoxia or exercise alone. During exercise in hypercapnia, ICABF and anterior were significantly greater, whereas MSNA was lower, than the sum of the responses evoked by either hypercapnia or exercise alone. The VABF and posterior responses to hypercapnic exercise were not different from the summated responses. These findings suggest that the brain is hypoperfused and sympathetic outflow potentiated during hypoxic exercise, and that the brain is hyperperfused and sympathetic discharge constrained during hypercapnic exercise. The contrasting consequences for cerebral perfusion and sympathetic activation indicate a potential involvement of Cushing's mechanism in the autonomic control during exercise in healthy humans.
imageKey points
Brain O2‐demand and ‐supply are mismatched, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) is enhanced in humans exercising at high altitude; the link between the two phenomena remains elusive.
We evaluated the isolated and interactive effects of exercise, hypoxia, and hypercapnia on blood flow in the internal carotid (ICABF) and vertebral (VABF) arteries, and MSNA.
The interaction of hypoxia and exercise was hypo‐additive for ICABF and VABF and anterior and posterior cerebral O2 delivery (), but hyper‐additive for MSNA.
The interaction of hypercapnia and exercise was hyper‐additive for ICABF and anterior , additive for VABF and posterior , and hypo‐additive for MSNA.
These observations indicate that a suboptimal brain perfusion during hypoxic exercise coincides with a potentiated sympathetic outflow, while a (supra‐)optimal brain perfusion during hypercapnic exercise coincides with a suppressed sympathetic outflow.
Our findings suggest that Cushing's mechanism may play a role in the autonomic control in exercising humans.
Eyelid Motion Tracking During Blinking Using High-Speed Imaging and Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Seamone Andrew , Shapiro Jeremy N. , Zhao Zhenyang , Aakalu Vinay K. , Waas Anthony M. , Nelson Christine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study presents a novel technique to measure the motion of the eyelid during blinking. High-speed imaging and digital image correlation (DIC) were employed to monitor the eyelid during blinking in a noninvasive manner. Both spontaneous and reflex blinks were studied. A black liquid eyeliner was used to generate a speckle pattern on the surface of the eyelid. Facet motion captured through a DIC analysis software generated kinematic data for each blink. Calculations using this dataset yielded information on the duration of the blink, eyelid displacements, and peak eyelid velocities. A consistent dataset quantified the difference between blink types and reinforced the repeatability of this DIC analysis method to measure the kinematics of blinking.