bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell-type-specific contributions to theta-gamma coupled rhythms in the hippocampus
Authors: Sengupta Spandan , Talidou Afroditi , Lefebvre Jeremie , Skinner Frances K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Distinct inhibitory cell types participate in cognitively relevant nested brain rhythms, and particular changes in such rhythms are known to occur in disease states. Specifically, the coexpression of theta and gamma rhythms in the hippocampus is believed to represent a general coding scheme, but cellular-based generation mechanisms for these coupled rhythms are currently unclear. We develop a population rate model of the CA1 hippocampus that encompasses circuits of three inhibitory cell types (bistratified cells and parvalbumin [PV]-expressing and cholecystokinin [CCK]-expressing basket cells) and pyramidal cells to examine this. We constrain parameters and perform numerical and theoretical analyses. The theory, in combination with the numerical explorations, predicts circuit motifs and specific cell-type mechanisms that are essential for the coexistence of theta and gamma oscillations. We find that CCK-expressing basket cells initiate the coupled rhythms and regularize theta, and PV-expressing basket cells enhance both theta and gamma rhythms. Pyramidal and bistratified cells govern the generation of theta rhythms, and PV-expressing basket and pyramidal cells play dominant roles in controlling theta frequencies. Our circuit motifs for the theta-gamma coupled rhythm generation could be applicable to other brain regions.
2. The Permissible and the Forbidden
Authors: Richter Michael , Rubinstein Ariel 
Published: November 2024

Following Richter and Rubinstein (2020), we analyze an equilibrium concept based upon social norms: the Y-equilibrium. A Y-equilibrium is a set of permissible alternatives and a profile of choices, one for each agent, such that:
(i) each agent's choice is optimal from among the permissible alternatives;
(ii) the profile of choices is feasible; and
(iii) the set of permissible alternatives is maximal in the sense that there is no superset of permissible alternatives from which a profile satisfying (i) and (ii) can be found.
By this definition, two forces make a permissible set unstable: The first modifies the permissible set in the case that the profile of (intended) choices is not feasible, while the second loosens restrictions on the permissible set as long as a new profile of optimal choices is feasible. We also consider a variant of this concept where we require that the permissible set is convex.
We study the Y-equilibria of a variety of examples and prove existence theorems, “welfare” theorems and a structure theorem when the set of alternatives is Euclidean.
4. Biased Preferences Equilibrium
Authors: Richter Michael , Rubinstein Ariel 
Published: November 2024

This chapter follows Rubinstein and Wolinsky (2022) who propose a biased preferences equilibrium solution concept in which agents' preference relations are systematically biased. The bias does not affect the agents' opportunity sets, but rather their preferences, which are systematically biased in such a way that the profile of agents' biased optimal choices is feasible.
We envision biases as a mechanism for bringing harmony to a multi-agent economy. These biases, like prices, apply uniformly to all agents. Every agent's final preferences are determined by his initial preferences and the commonly shared bias.
We apply the concept to three types of economies: the give-and-take, market economies with fixed prices and housing-type economies.
Where is the Dust Source of 2023 Several Severe Dust Events in China?
Authors: Chen Yu , Chen Siyu , Bi Hongru , Zhou Jie , Zhang Yue 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Northern China was hit by 13 unprecedented mega dust events in spring 2023. However, a comprehensive understanding of the relative contributions of potential dust sources to dust concentrations in China remains elusive, threatening air quality, damaging ecosystems, and further complicating dust forecasting and warning efforts. The impact of five major Asian dust sources on China and its downstream regions has been accurately quantified using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). Notably, dust particles originating from Mongolia play a crucial role in downstream air pollution. Approximately 56% (82.7 μg m−3) of the dust in North China originated from Mongolia, while Mongolia contributed nearly 51% (15.9 μg m−3) of the dust in the Korean Peninsula and surroundings. In southwest China, the prevalence of dust was predominantly attributable to sources within Inner Mongolia, China (46%). Due to geographical constraints, dust in the Tibetan Plateau mainly originated from dust sources in Xinjiang, China. Topographic blocking by the Tibetan Plateau and limitations on local dust emissions are further unfavorable to the long-distance transport of dust from South Asia to downstream regions. We also highlight the importance of variation in surface soil parameters in driving frequent dust events in spring 2023. Our findings emphasize the urgent need for collaborative research and policymaking to effectively address international dust disaster mitigation.
A Red Flag Threat Index Based on the Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis for Use in the Warn-on-Forecast System
Authors: Jones Thomas A. , Lindley T. Todd , Skinner Patrick , Barnes Ryan R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The increasing frequency of high-impact wildfires has led to an emphasis on improving forecasts of the conditions that are favorable for wildfire initiation and rapid spread. The key atmospheric forecast products currently used are derived from low-level humidity and wind speed. One product that has seen widespread use by the National Weather Service (NWS) in the southern plains is known as the red flag threat index (RFTI). RFTI represents an index ranging from 0 to 10 where larger values indicate a more critical threat for favorable wildfire conditions. The current RFTI is based on 2-m humidity and 6-m wind speed climatologies from surface measurement sites located within a NWS forecast area resulting in a product that differs somewhat from office to office. RFTI forecasts are also only available from existing numerical weather prediction systems such as the Texas Tech modeling system that do not output forecasts with the temporal resolution and latency to forecast rapidly evolving environmental conditions. To address these limitations, this work describes the creation of a grid-based RFTI using a 5-yr, high-resolution (3-km, hourly) reanalysis product known as the Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA). Using RTMA data allows for continuous wind and humidity climatology fields to be developed for a larger W-CONUS domain, potentially expanding the use of RFTI. We combine these new climatologies with forecast output from the Warn-on-Forecast System (WoFS) which provides short-term (0–6 h) probabilistic forecasts of high-impact weather over a regional domain. RFTI forecasts from examples occurring in 2022 and 2024 will be discussed as well as its evaluation in the new Fire Weather Testbed.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Geographic and Socioeconomic Vulnerabilities
Authors: Tupa Jacob M. , Row Hunter T. , Schwartz Greta C. , Matter Ashley L. , Danielson Elena J. , Sahmoun Abe E. , Haldis Thomas A. , Dyke Cornelius M. 
Published: November 2024

Background Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an established treatment for patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). It remains unclear whether disparities exist in rural or socially vulnerable populations undergoing TAVR. This study assessed whether outcomes differ based on geographic location or vulnerability of patients undergoing TAVR. Methods Patients undergoing TAVR at a single institution from August 2012 to June 2023 were studied (n = 1565). Zip codes determined Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and measured distance to our facility. Outcomes defined by the Valve Academic Research Consortium 3 (VARC-3) included stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA)/delirium, pacemaker implantation, new atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter, and myocardial infarction (MI). Average time between preoperative coronary angiogram (CATH)/computed tomography angiography (CTA) and TAVR was calculated. Kaplan-Meier curves estimated survival probability. Results The average time between CATH and TAVR in patients living furthest away was ∼9 days more than patients living closest to the implant site. The average number of days between CATH and TAVR for low and high SVI were 71 and 78 days, respectively. The average number of days between CTA and TAVR for low and high SVI were 40 and 39 days, respectively. Discussion Further distances traveled were associated with longer wait times between preoperative workup and TAVR. Patients with longer waits between CATH and TAVR had no differences in medium-term survival probability but had decreased long-term survival probability compared to patients with rapid pre-procedural evaluation. Although geographic and socioeconomic vulnerability can disadvantage patients, our study demonstrates that patients undergoing TAVR can have timely care and similar outcomes.
The weight of office? A scoping review of mental health issues and risk factors in elected politicians across democratic societies
Authors: Smith Alexander , Hachen Stefanie , Weinberg Ashley , Falkai Peter , Guttormsen Sissel , Liebrenz Michael 
Published: November 2024

Background: The mental health and capacity to govern of democratically-elected politicians have become burgeoning topics of interest. Notably, in fulfilling demanding and high-stress roles, political officeholders could encounter distinctive risk factors, yet existing research literature about these subpopulations remains underexplored. Aims: This scoping review aimed to systematically examine the breadth of available evidence on mental health issues and risk factors affecting democratically-elected politicians internationally and to identify future research needs. Methods: Using pre-defined eligibility criteria based on JBI guidelines, a systematic keyword search was conducted in May 2024 of MEDLINE, Scopus, and APA PsycNet, supplemented by snowballing techniques. Only those studies reporting primary, empirical evidence on mental ill-health or risk factors with psychological correlates from serving politicians in “Full” or “Flawed” democracies (per Democracy Index) were included from 1999 to 2024. Titles and abstracts were screened and the full-texts of potentially eligible literature were assessed before extraction and synthesis. Results: Eighteen sources met the eligibility criteria, cumulatively encompassing ~3,500 national, state, and municipal politicians across seven democracies (Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States). Cross-sectional surveys were predominantly utilized, with lesser use of mixed-methods approaches, qualitative interviews, and longitudinal cohorts. Violence emerged as a key concept, with twelve sources (66.7%) underlining its psychological toll and certain data indicating a disproportionate impact on female officeholders. Furthermore, four sources (22.2%) explored general psychopathology trends, revealing varying but sizeable mental ill-health and high-risk alcohol consumption rates, and two studies (11.1%) demonstrated adverse effects from specific occupational conditions. Conclusions: Current literature suggests that democratically-elected politicians can face complex mental health challenges. However, significant research gaps remain, including a paucity of prevalence estimates, longitudinal data, and intervention studies. Equally, the underrepresentation of most democratic countries accentuates the need for a more diverse evidence-base to better support the mental wellbeing of politicians worldwide.
Public acceptance of coercive measures in Nigerian mental health care
Authors: Aluh Deborah Oyine , Agu Daniel Ifeanyichukwu , Igbokwe Wisdom Joe , Anunwa Ifunanya Genevieve 
Published: November 2024

Background: For the first time, Nigeria has enacted a new mental health law that regulates the use of coercive measures in mental health care. Aim: The study aimed to investigate the extent to which the Nigerian public accepts the use of coercive measures in the treatment of people with mental health conditions and to understand the impact of stigma and other sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 615 adult respondents from Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones. The study instrument included a case-specific vignette, a social distance scale, and a brief sociodemographic form. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted with SPSS v.25 software. Results: More than half of the study respondents agreed that the vignette character should be forced to go to the hospital if he refuses to go (65%, n = 400), and he should be forced to take medications at the psychiatric hospital (55.1%, n = 339). The least accepted coercive measure was Isolation (28.8%, n = 177). There were significant associations between social distance and the acceptance of involuntary admissions, forced medication, mechanical restraints, and isolation ( p < .05). Social distance score was highest among respondents who agreed that the vignette character should be isolated (24.023 ± 5.503; F = 24.672, p < .001). Conclusions: The study highlights variations in public attitudes toward coercive psychiatric measures, within the Nigerian context compared to other countries. The lower acceptance rates for isolation as a coercive measure underscore the cultural importance of social interaction in Nigeria. The relatively recent implementation of Nigeria’s Mental Health Act also suggests a potential gap in public knowledge regarding the criteria for coercive measures. Future research should aim to include diverse populations and consider longitudinal approaches to assess changes in public attitudes as awareness of mental health legislation increases.
Acquiring Resourcefulness Skills: Formal Versus Informal Training
Authors: Zauszniewski Jaclene A. , Burant Christopher J. , Juratovac Evanne , Jeanblanc Alexandra , Sweetko John S. , Larsen Catherine , Almutairi Rayhanah , She Hang Ying , DiFranco Evelina , Colon-Zimmerman Kari , Sajatovic Martha 
Published: November 2024

Background: Although resourcefulness has been successfully taught during formal training programs, it can also be acquired informally through life experiences. Family caregivers have many opportunities for learning to be resourceful on their own and those who participate in research may acquire knowledge or skills that increase their resourcefulness. The effects of such differential experiences on the resourcefulness of family caregivers have not been examined over time. Objective: This study compared changes in resourcefulness over time in caregivers who received no intervention, an educational program, biofeedback, or Resourcefulness Training©. Methods: This longitudinal analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial involved 219 caregivers of persons with bipolar disorder who completed the Resourcefulness Scale© before no intervention, an educational program, biofeedback, or Resourcefulness Training, and at 6 and 12 months afterward. Differences across the groups were examined using RMANOVA. Patterns of mean scores including differences and linear trends in resourcefulness for the four groups were examined. Results: Overall, caregivers increased linearly in resourcefulness over time [ F(1,215) = 4.836, P = .015]. Although each group showed improvement in resourcefulness, caregivers who received Resourcefulness Training showed the greatest improvement from baseline (estimated mean = 88.244, SE = 2.734) at both 6 months (estimated mean = 92.610, SE = 2.813, P = .026) and 12 months post-intervention (estimated mean = 95.049, SE = 2.752, P = .003). Conclusions: Consistent with resourcefulness theory, the findings showed caregivers of persons with bipolar disorder became more resourceful over time with or without formal training. However, those who received Resourcefulness Training demonstrated resourcefulness skills sooner and to a greater extent, thereby providing the rationale for formal Resourcefulness Training programs.
Enhancing green polyethylene composites with filler heat treatment: Pecan nutshells and Pinus sawdust impact
Authors: Rodrigues Marlon Bender Bueno , Fernandes Bruna Bicca , Paganotto Gian Francesco dos Reis , Delucis Rafael de Avila , Fuentes da Silva Silvia Helena , Amico Sandro Campos , Carreno Neftali Lenin Villarreal , Oliveira Amanda Dantas de , Gatto Darci Alberto , Missio André Luiz 
Published: November 2024

The aim of the present study was to produce sustainable composites using green low-density polyethylene (LDPE) reinforced with heat-treated lignocellulosic residues. The transformation processes were employed to enhance the chemical compatibility of lignocellulosic wastes with the polymer matrices of the composite materials. Sawdust from pine wood (PW) and milled pecan nutshells (NS) were subjected to a thermal treatment at 180°C for 2 h. These heat-treated residues were then homogenized with the polymer matrix and molded through hot compression. The resulting wood polymer composites (WPCs) were subjected to various characterization tests, including density, mechanical properties, infrared spectroscopy, thermal stability, hygroscopic behavior, and morphology. Comparing the composites, the inclusion of heat-treated fillers led to reductions in water absorption and thickness swelling, especially for the NS. Furthermore, the composites didn’t exhibit increased flexural strength and/or tensile strength after the bio-components treatment. The insertion of thermally treated lignocelluloses also resulted in slight decreases in equilibrium moisture content and apparent contact angles.
Older Migrant Patients and Health Care Professionals’ Experiences With Digital Translation Tools in Care Interactions: A Qualitative Literature Review
Authors: Rosendahl Sirpa , Larsson Viveca 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Finding solutions to communicate difficulties in care interactions between health care professionals and older migrant patients may be facilitated by the use of digital translation tools. The aim was to explore older migrant patients’ and health professionals’ experiences using digital translation tools in transcultural care. Methodology: A systematic qualitative literature review, based on nine quality assessed articles published 2009 to 2024 from five databases, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Three themes and eight subthemes emerged: advantages of using translation tools describes the benefits experienced using such tools; limitations and challenges highlights the problems identified in their use; and improvement suggestions for the functions of the translation apps describes adjustments and developments of the translation tools. Discussion: Digital translation used in basic care, may enhance relationships and equity of care, but should not substitute human interpreters in complex care conversations. Translation tools need to be developed according to older users’ abilities.
Experiences of Migrant Live-in Caregivers in Caring for Patients With Advanced Cancer – A Qualitative Study
Authors: Phua Gillian Li Gek , Poh You Kai , Ong Beverly Shu , Tan Jasmine Yun Ting , Koh Audrey Rui Xuan , Yang Grace Meijuan 
Published: November 2024

Introduction Foreign domestic workers are increasingly hired in Singapore as live-in caregivers for patients with advanced cancer. Language barriers and different cultural backgrounds can make caregiving potentially challenging. This study aims to explore the experiences of migrant live-in caregivers caring for patients with advanced cancer. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore: the challenges and needs of migrant live-in caregivers caring for patients with advanced cancer, what enables their cancer caregiving work, and their motivations. Participants were recruited from inpatient oncology wards of an acute tertiary hospital. Inclusion criteria included: (i) migrant live-in caregiver caring for a patient with stage IV solid organ cancer; (ii) age ≥21 years; (iii) conversant in English, Mandarin or Burmese. Twelve female caregivers participated in the study. Their mean age was 35.4 years, 4 were from Indonesia, 3 from Myanmar and 5 from the Philippines. Results Four main themes emerged: (1) Wide-ranging work responsibilities that could be challenging, (2) Treating and being treated like family, (3) Having access to multiple sources of support and (4) Motivated by being able to provide for their own family of origin. Conclusion Migrant live-in caregivers face various challenges in cancer caregiving. Having a good relationship with patients, adequate employer and peer support and being able to provide for their family helped to motivate them. Efforts to support them can include formal training, better delineation of job scope and hours, and resources to address psycho-emotional needs. Further research could focus on knowledge gaps for cancer caregiving, psychosocial and post-bereavement needs.
Feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy of telehealth-delivered group exercise for people with type 2 diabetes: A pilot trial
Authors: Cox Emily R , Young Myles D , Keating Shelley E , Drew Ryan J , Kolasinski Matthew , Plotnikoff Ronald C 
Published: November 2024

Introduction Several barriers can preclude people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from in-person exercise session participation. Telehealth may be an alternative mode of service delivery to increase uptake. We evaluated the feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy of delivering group exercise via telehealth for people with T2D. Methods Sixteen people with T2D (age 59.9 ± 12.7 years, 63% male, duration of T2D 11.5 ± 11.1 years) underwent an 8-week telehealth-delivered group exercise intervention. Weekly supervised sessions incorporated whole-body aerobic and resistance exercises, followed by education. Feasibility was evaluated by recruitment, enrolment, attendance and attrition rates, the practicality of telehealth delivery, and participant feedback. Adverse events were monitored throughout (safety). Preliminary efficacy was determined from changes in glycaemic control, body composition, blood pressure, exercise capacity, neuromuscular strength/fitness, quality of life and physical activity levels. The agreement/reliability of in-person clinician-measured versus telehealth-supervised participant-self-measured assessments was also evaluated. Results Feasibility was supported by high attendance (97.1%) and low attrition (81%). All (100%) participants reported they would participate in telehealth-delivered exercise interventions in the future and would recommend them to other people with T2D. No serious adverse events were reported. There were improvements in hip circumference (Cohen's d −0.50), diastolic blood pressure (–0.75), exercise capacity (1.72), upper body strength (1.14), grip strength (0.58), health-related quality of life (0.76–0.81) and self-reported physical activity (1.14). Participant-self-measured assessment of body weight, 2-min step test and 30-sec sit-to-stand test were deemed acceptable. Discussion Telehealth-delivered group exercise appears feasible, safe and efficacious for people with T2D. These findings warrant further exploration in a powered trial. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622000379718).