bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corruption and Economic Growth: Some New Empirical Evidence from a Global Sample
Authors: Sharma Chandan , Mitra Arup 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper assesses the impact of corruption control and regulation quality on growth across countries over the period 1996 through 2015. After dealing with the possible endogeneity problem through the dynamic panel data models, our findings are suggestive of the positive effects of corruption control. Thus, our analysis tends to support the ‘sand the wheels' view at the aggregate level as well as for lower and lower–middle‐income countries. Similar results are also obtained for regulation quality. However, contrary to the theoretical arguments, the joint effect of regulation and corruption does not seem to be significant empirically for countries from any of the income groups. Evidence is also indicative of a positive effect on trade across countries from all income groups. Although our results failed to support the natural resource curse hypothesis, countries with efficient institutions and low level of corruption are not seen to experience any resource curse. Finally, policy implications of these findings are brought out. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activated PPARβ/δ Protects Pancreatic β Cells in Type 2 Diabetic Goto–Kakizaki Rats from Lipoapoptosis via GPR40
Authors: Li Juan , Xu Shishi , Liu Yuqi , Yan Zhe , Zhang Fang , Lv Qingguo , Tong Nanwei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGW501516‐activated peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ and G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPR) 40 were shown to protect pancreatic β cells against lipoapoptosis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether activated PPARβ/δ could protect type 2 diabetic rats from lipoapoptosis through regulation of GPR40 and to compare the protective effects of activated PPARβ/δ and PPARγ. We made an animal model of type 2 diabetic lipoapoptosis by feeding spontaneously type 2 diabetic Goto–Kakizaki (GK) rats with a high‐fat diet (HFD) to evaluate the effects of PPARβ/δ on islet β cell apoptosis. And, treated INS‐1 cells with 0.5 mM palmitate (PAM) in the absence/presence of GW501516 (a specific agonist of PPAR β/δ) and with/without transfection of GPR40 siRNA to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. HFD aggravated GK rats' poorer INSR30, lower mass, greater apoptosis of β cells, lower mass, and lower expression of GPR40, which were similarly improved by GW501516 at 3 or 6 mg/kg day and pioglitazone. Compared with pioglitazone, GW501516 caused more weight loss and had no effect on insulin resistance. GW501516 protected INS‐1 cells from PAM‐induced apoptosis by upregulating GPR40 and activating Akt/Bcl‐2/caspase‐3. Activated extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) was relevant to the lipoapoptosis in INS‐1 cells, but was not involved in the antilipoapoptotic effect of GW501516. These results showed that the PPARβ/δ agonist GW501516 protected β cells from lipoapoptosis and improved β cell mass by upregulating GPR40 and activating the Akt/Bcl‐2/caspase‐3 pathway, but not the ERK‐signaling pathway.
Microstructural Analyses of Biaxially Oriented Polylactide/Modified Thermoplastic Starch Film with Drastic Improvement in Toughness
Authors: Jariyasakoolroj Piyawanee , Tashiro Kohji , Chinsirikul Wannee , Kerddonfag Noppadon , Chirachanchai Suwabun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study presents microstructural regularization of biaxially oriented polylactide blended with a silane‐modified thermoplastic starch (BO‐PLA/mTPS) film, traced by X‐ray diffraction and scattering, and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. Interfacial adhesion improvement of mTPS favors PLA crystallization, and produces a large δ‐crystal (100–150 nm) with isotropic orientation when combining with BO stretching. High draw ratio (5 × 5), and BO stretching rate (75 mm s−1) lead to tight packing of PLA lamellae in both BO‐PLA/TPS and BO‐PLA/mTPS films, resulting in drastic toughness improvement (i.e., fivefold increases of Young's modulus and tensile strength, and threefold increase of elongation, as compared to those of the films without the BO process) with significantly decreased water absorption. However, the effect of reactive compatibility by mTPS on mechanical and water barrier properties is hindered by the BO process in which the VH‐type patterns of TPS and mTPS are unclearly present, overlapped with (203) diffraction plane of PLA crystal, especially applying fast stretching.
Development of a Self‐Assembled Peptide/Methylcellulose‐Based Bioink for 3D Bioprinting
Authors: Cofiño Carla , Perez‐Amodio Soledad , Semino Carlos E. , Engel Elisabeth , Mateos‐Timoneda Miguel A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe introduction of 3D bioprinting to fabricate living constructs with tailored architecture has provided a new paradigm for biofabrication, with the potential to overcome several drawbacks of conventional scaffold‐based tissue regeneration strategies. Hydrogel‐based materials are suitable candidates regarding cell biocompatibility but often display poor mechanical properties. Self‐assembling peptides are a promising source of biomaterials to be used as 3D scaffolds based on their similarity to extracellular matrices (structurally and mechanically). In this study, an advanced bioink for biofabrication is presented based on the optimization of a RAD16‐I‐based biomaterial. The strategy followed to build 3D predefined structures by 3D printing is based on an enhancement of bioink viscosity by adding methylcellulose (MC) to a RAD16‐I solution. The resultant constructs display high shape fidelity and stability and embedded human mesenchymal stem cells present high viability after 7 days of culture. Moreover, cells are also able to differentiate to the adipogenic lineage, suggesting the suitability of this novel biomaterial for soft tissue engineering applications.
A FEM‐based virtual test‐rig for hybrid metal‐composites clinching joints
Authors: Dean A. , Rolfes R. , Grbic N. , Hübner S. , Behrens B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA 3D FEM‐based virtual test‐rig tool for the hybrid metal‐composites clinching technology is developed and built in the commercial finite element software Abaqus. The proposed tool consists of two modules: a module to simulate the hybrid clinching process and another to predict the strength of the clinched joints. At first, experimental results concerning the hybrid metal‐composites (EN AW‐5754‐PA6GF30) clinching are presented. Then, the developed virtual tool is described in detail outlining the constitutive models implemented for the hybrid pairing sheets as well as illustrating the proposed FE numerical procedures. Later, the developed tool is applied to the hybrid pairing EN AW‐5754‐PA6GF30. In comparison to the conducted experiments, the simulation results obtained show the applicability and accuracy of the developed virtual testing tool.
The Evolution of Quality of Life After Subthalamic Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Büttner Charlotte , Maack Marike , Janitzky Kathrin , Witt Karsten 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundSeveral studies examined the influence of subthalamic nucleus–deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS) on quality of life (QoL) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is unclear whether this effect differs between age groups and disease durations and whether it stays consistent over time.ObjectivesWe assessed the influence of stimulation duration, disease duration, and age at surgery on QoL after STN‐DBS.MethodsWe systematically searched for studies reporting the results of the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire 39 or 8. Studies were included if they investigated the time passed since STN‐DBS or if their study cohort fell into the range of one of the following age groups: younger than 60 years or between 60 and 70 years. For each condition, a standardized mean difference meta‐analysis was performed. Furthermore, all studies were categorized into short or long disease duration at surgery using a median split.ResultsA total of 23 studies reporting the cumulative outcome of 76 to 802 PD patients were included in this analysis. The results demonstrate a substantial improvement of QoL after DBS that remains stable over 36 months. QoL falls to preoperative scores 60 months after surgery. However, only 3 studies could be included in this analysis. Both younger and older PD patients profit in QoL from STN‐DBS, independent of the disease duration.ConclusionsThe results of this analysis show an impressive improvement in QoL after STN‐DBS, with a loss of QoL 60 months after DBS surgery. This highlights the need to explore the factors influencing QoL after STN‐DBS to prevent or delay a decline in QoL.
Low‐Protein Diets with Fixed Carbohydrate Content Promote Hyperphagia and Sympathetically Mediated Increase in Energy Expenditure
Authors: Zapata Rizaldy C. , Singh Arashdeep , Pezeshki Adel , Avirineni Bharath S. , Patra Souvik , Chelikani Prasanth K. 
Published: July 2019

ScopeDietary protein restriction elicits hyperphagia and increases energy expenditure; however, less is known of whether these responses are a consequence of increasing carbohydrate content. The effects of protein‐diluted diets with fixed carbohydrate content on energy balance, hormones, and key markers of protein sensing and thermogenesis in tissues are determined.Methods and resultsObesity‐prone rats (n = 13–16 per group) are randomized to diets containing fixed carbohydrate (52% calories) and varying protein concentrations: 15% (control), 10% (mild protein restriction), 5% (moderate protein restriction) or 1% (severe protein restriction) protein calories, or protein‐matched to 5% protein, for 21 days. Propranolol and ondansetron are administered to interrogate the roles of sympathetic and serotonergic systems, respectively, in diet‐induced changes in energy expenditure. It is found that mild‐to‐moderate protein restriction promotes transient hyperphagia, whereas severe protein restriction induces hypophagia, with alterations in meal patterns. Protein restriction enhances energy expenditure that is partly attenuated by propranolol, but not ondansetron. Moderate to severe protein restriction decreases gains in body weight, lean and fat mass, decreased postprandial glucose and leptin, but increased fibroblast growth factor‐21 concentrations. Protein‐matching retains lean mass suggesting that intake of dietary protein, but not calories, is important for preserving lean mass. Notably, protein restriction increases the protein and/or transcript abundance of key amino acid sensing molecules in liver and intestine (PERK, eIF2α, ATF2, CHOP, 4EBP1, FGF21), and upregulated thermogenic markers (β2AR, Klotho, HADH, UCP‐1) in brown adipose tissue.ConclusionLow‐protein diets promote hyperphagia and sympathetically mediated increase in energy expenditure, prevent gains in tissue reserves, and concurrently upregulate hepatic and intestinal amino acid sensing intermediaries and thermogenic markers in brown adipose tissue.
Viral vector delivery of follistatin enhances recovery of reinnervated muscle
Authors: Isaacs Jonathan , Feger Mark A. , Mallu Satya , Yager Dorne , Shall Mary , Patel Gaurangkumar , Protzuk Omar , Graham Lindsay 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionPoor recovery following nerve repair is due to progressive temporal loss of muscle function. Follistatin (FS), a glycoprotein with anabolic properties, may enhance muscle recovery following reinnervation.MethodsSeventy‐two male Sprague–Dawley rats underwent temporary (3 or 6 month) denervation or sham denervation. After reinnervation, rats were administered adeno‐associated viral vectors expressing FS deoxyribonucleic acid (isoform FS‐317) injected into the target muscle or sham treatment. Final assessment included muscle function testing, muscle histomorphology, nerve histomorphology, and FS protein quantification.ResultsFS improved muscle mass and type IIB muscle fiber size, and increased G‐ratios and mean axon diameter in the 6‐month temporary denervation group (P < .05). Elevated FS protein levels were detected in treated muscle (P < .05). FS increased satellite cell counts following temporary denervation and repair (P < .05).DiscussionFS treatment had anabolic, neurotrophic, and satellite cell stimulatory effects when administered following prolonged (6‐month) temporary denervation and repair.
Towards multiobjective optimization and control of smart grids
Authors: Sauerteig Philipp , Worthmann Karl 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe rapid uptake of renewable energy sources in the electricity grid leads to a demand in load shaping and flexibility. Energy storage devices such as batteries are a key element to provide solutions to these tasks. However, typically, a trade‐off between the performance‐related goal of load shaping and the objective of having flexibility in store for auxiliary services, which is, for example, linked to robustness and resilience of the grid, can be observed. We propose to make use of the concept of Pareto optimality in order to resolve this issue in a multiobjective framework. In particular, we analyze the Pareto frontier and quantify the trade‐off between the nonaligned objectives to properly balance them.
A fully solar‐powered quadcopter able to achieve controlled flight out of the ground effect
Authors: Goh Chong Swee , Kuan Jun Ren , Yeo Jun Han , Teo Brian Shohei , Danner Aaron 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe design and performance of a remote‐controlled quadcopter capable of 100% solar‐powered flight out of the ground effect is fully described. This achievement of solar‐only flight out of the ground effect in a rotorcraft has been a key engineering challenge in aviation, given the need to provide enough available onboard surface area for the solar cells and adequate structural rigidity of the quadcopter frame necessary for stable flight while simultaneously being light enough so that there is enough excess thrust to be able to lift its own weight. The fully solar‐powered quadcopter described in this report has successfully achieved flight under conditions of 882 W/m2, at an altitude greater than 10 m and a maximum timed duration of 1 minute 38 seconds, with no battery or other onboard energy storage. This achievement serves as a proof of principle that 100% solar powered flight out of the ground effect can be achieved in controlled flight. In practice, the aircraft is somewhat fragile due to its extremely light weight, unpackaged monocrystalline silicon solar cells, and large surface area.
Treatment of personality pathology through the lens of the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology: Developing a research agenda
Authors: Mullins‐Sweatt Stephanie N. , Hopwood Christopher J. , Chmielewski Michael , Meyer Neil A. , Min Jiwon , Helle Ashley C. , Walgren Maggie D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDespite the emphasis on evidence‐based treatment for psychological disorders, to date, there has been limited research examining treatment for nine of the 10 categorical personality disorders in DSM‐5 Section 2. This is perhaps not surprising given the complex heterogeneity and co‐morbidity within personality pathology. The hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP) was proposed to address limitations within the traditional categorical model of the diagnostic system. Within this system are five spectra: detachment, antagonistic externalizing, disinhibited externalizing, thought disorder and internalizing. These foundational personality traits potentially have direct and specific treatment implications. The purpose of this paper is to highlight potential psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment recommendations within the personality spectra. Additionally, we outline the advantages of considering the personality science found within dimensional models of psychopathology in clinical assessment and intervention to aid in treatment planning. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Early‐ and Late‐Stage Serous Ovarian Cancer Tissue Reveals Stage‐Specific N‐Glycans
Authors: Briggs Matthew T. , Condina Mark R. , Ho Yin Ying , Everest‐Dass Arun V. , Mittal Parul , Kaur Gurjeet , Oehler Martin K. , Packer Nicolle H. , Hoffmann Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer is one of the most fatal gynecological malignancies in adult women. As studies on protein N‐glycosylation have extensively reported aberrant patterns in the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment, obtaining spatial information will uncover tumor‐specific N‐glycan alterations in ovarian cancer development and progression. matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is employed to investigate N‐glycan distribution on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded ovarian cancer tissue sections from early‐ and late‐stage patients. Tumor‐specific N‐glycans are identified and structurally characterized by porous graphitized carbon‐liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (PGC‐LC‐ESI‐MS/MS), and then assigned to high‐resolution images obtained from MALDI‐MSI. Spatial distribution of 14 N‐glycans is obtained by MALDI‐MSI and 42 N‐glycans (including structural and compositional isomers) identified and structurally characterized by LC‐MS. The spatial distribution of oligomannose, complex neutral, bisecting, and sialylated N‐glycan families are localized to the tumor regions of late‐stage ovarian cancer patients relative to early‐stage patients. Potential N‐glycan diagnostic markers that emerge include the oligomannose structure, (Hex)6 + (Man)3(GlcNAc)2, and the complex neutral structure, (Hex)2 (HexNAc)2 (Deoxyhexose)1 + (Man)3(GlcNAc)2. The distribution of these markers is evaluated using a tissue microarray of early‐ and late‐stage patients.
Robustness of response surface designs to missing data
Authors: Alrweili Hleil , Georgiou Stelios , Stylianou Stella 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, minimax loss response surface designs are constructed. These designs are more robust to one missing design point than the original designs. The proposed designs are compared with the designs in the literature, and they are better in terms of loss and number of runs. Moreover, the new suggestion for the value ofαgenerates designs not only with less losses but also with higher D‐efficiency.
Determinants of discounts in equity rights issues: An international comparison
Authors: Bobenhausen Nils , Breuer Wolfgang , Salzmann Astrid 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEquity rights offerings are the predominant SEO flotation method in many European and Asian countries. Several previous studies focus on rights offerings, but these studies often measure solely the announcement effects of these offerings and pay little attention to the discount. This study seeks to close this gap, explain the discounts on such rights offerings, and determine the drivers of offering discounts with a focus on cultural effects regarding the level of uncertainty avoidance. Based on the existing literature, we develop several hypotheses and find supporting evidence for these hypotheses in our data. Our main finding is that the most important factors for explaining the discount on an equity rights offer are the level of uncertainty avoidance, the quality of a firm, and the level of uncertainty about firm value.
Membrane Tension–Mediated Growth of Liposomes
Authors: Deshpande Siddharth , Wunnava Sreekar , Hueting David , Dekker Cees 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent years have seen a tremendous interest in the bottom‐up reconstitution of minimal biomolecular systems, with the ultimate aim of creating an autonomous synthetic cell. One of the universal features of living systems is cell growth, where the cell membrane expands through the incorporation of newly synthesized lipid molecules. Here, the gradual tension‐mediated growth of cell‐sized (≈10 µm) giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) is demonstrated, to which nanometer‐sized (≈30 nm) small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) are provided, that act as a lipid source. By putting tension on the GUV membranes through a transmembrane osmotic pressure, SUV–GUV fusion events are promoted and substantial growth of the GUV is caused, even up to doubling its volume. Thus, experimental evidence is provided that membrane tension alone is sufficient to bring about membrane fusion and growth is demonstrated for both pure phospholipid liposomes and for hybrid vesicles with a mixture of phospholipids and fatty acids. The results show that growth of liposomes can be realized in a protein‐free minimal system, which may find useful applications in achieving autonomous synthetic cells that are capable of undergoing a continuous growth–division cycle.
Precast versus cast in‐situ concrete in the construction of post‐tensioned box‐girder bridges: Span effect
Authors: Haider Muhammad A. , Batikha Mustafa , Elhag Taha 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this research, the effect of span and construction method on the designed cross section, construction time, and cost of box‐girder bridges has been explored. Two types of construction techniques used in bridges were investigated and compared: cast in‐situ post‐tensioned concrete and precast segmental bridge. To satisfy the aim of this work, the structural design was analyzed for different span lengths (40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 m) to evaluate the designed depth and required prestressing strands, and then design outcomes were utilized in estimating the construction duration and cost of cast in‐situ and precast segmental construction methods. Furthermore, the research has been extended to identify the impact of construction duration on the total cost of studied bridges. This investigation shows that the cost of a box‐girder bridge is affected by the span and the construction method where the precast segmental way was found to be less expensive.
Predicting crack widths in FRC/reinforced concrete members using small deformation post‐crack parameters
Authors: Bernard Erik Stefan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFibers are now accepted as a means of reducing flexural and direct tension crack widths when used in combination with conventional reinforcement. However, methods used to predict in‐service crack widths incorporate performance parameters for fiber‐reinforced concrete (FRC) measured at much wider crack widths than those that occur in service. This may result in a discrepancy between tests and in‐service behavior, especially for FRC mixtures exhibiting rapidly changing performance immediately after cracking. This investigation has examined whether the crack width at which FRC performance is measured in standard beam tests has an influence on the accuracy of crack width predictions using Model Code 2010, and whether these predictions are realistic for a wide range of fiber types. The results indicate that predictions based on post‐crack residual strength appear reasonable for a wide range of fiber types, but that accuracy is improved if post‐crack performance is assessed at a crack width that more closely approximates the narrow widths that occur in service.