bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy affects maternal performance, feed intake, and digestion kinetics parameters in beef heifers
Authors: Moreira Gabriel Miranda , Aguiar Gleidson Luz , Meneses Javier Andrés Moreno , Nascimento Karolina Batista , Ramírez-Zamudio Germán Darío , Costa Thais Correia , Duarte Marcio de Souza , Casagrande Daniel Rume , Gionbelli Mateus Pies 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the effects of physiological status (PS) and the potential interaction of this factor with days of pregnancy (DOP) on beef heifers’ weight variation, intake, and digestion kinetics. Twelve rumen-cannulated zebu beef heifers (n = 7 pregnant; n = 5 nonpregnant) were used. Heifers were placed in individual pens and fed medium-quality corn silage plus a protein-based supplement. Heifers’ body weight was assessed at the beginning and end of each collection period. The feed intake was measured daily. Target outcomes were evaluated at 107, 170, 208, 240, 267, and 286 DOP. The apparent total-tract digestibility was determined considering the fecal spot collection, during 5 d within each collection period. Omasal and ruminal digesta samples were collected at 107, 208, and 267 DOP for determination of partial digestibilities and diet component outflow. For these purposes, Co-EDTA and indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) were used as indicators. All data were analyzed using a mixed model framework, considering the PS and DOP as fixed effects and the animal as a random effect. Significant differences were declared when P ≤ 0.05. Pregnant heifers showed an increase in body reserves (+35 kg) from 107 to 240 DOP, but experienced a decrease in shrunk body weight (−36 kg) from 240 to 286 DOP. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and ash- and protein-free neutral detergent fiber (apNDF) increased as pregnancy progressed (P &lt; 0.04). The apparent total-tract digestibility of DM tended to be lower (P = 0.09), and the apparent total-tract digestibility of apNDF was reduced (P &lt; 0.01) in pregnant heifers. The digestibility of CP was higher (P &lt; 0.01) on days 267 and 286 in pregnant cows compared to nonpregnant heifers. The ruminal digestibility of OM tended to be lower (P = 0.09) in pregnant beef heifers, while the ruminal digestibility of apNDF was lower (P = 0.02) in pregnant heifers compared to nonpregnant ones. The ruminal pool of wet matter and DM was lower (P ≤ 0.01) in pregnant heifers at 267 DOP. In all periods, the outflow tended to be greater (P = 0.06) in pregnant heifers compared to nonpregnant heifers. Pregnant beef heifers exhibited a faster (P = 0.01) digesta passage rate during late gestation. In conclusion, late-gestating beef heifers are less efficient in extracting energy from feed compared to nonpregnant animals.
Dietary bile acids alleviate corticosterone-induced fatty liver and hepatic glucocorticoid receptor suppression in broiler chickens
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhang Ke , Zhao Mindie , Chen Liang , Chen Huimin , Zhao Yulan , Zhao Ruqian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the alleviating effects and mechanisms of bile acids (BA) on corticosterone-induced fatty liver in broiler chickens. Male Arbor Acres chickens were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (CON), stress model group (CORT), and BA-treated group (CORT-BA). The CORT-BA group received a diet with 250 mg/kg BA from 21 d of age. From days 36 to 43, both the CORT and CORT-BA groups received subcutaneous injections of corticosterone to simulate chronic stress. The results indicated that BA significantly mitigated the body weight loss, liver enlargement, and hepatic lipid deposition caused by corticosterone (P &lt; 0.05). Liver RNA-seq analysis showed that BA alleviated corticosterone-induced fatty liver by inhibiting lipid metabolism pathways, including fatty acid biosynthesis, triglyceride biosynthesis, and fatty acid transport. Additionally, BA improved corticosterone-induced downregulation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression (P &lt; 0.05). Molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assays revealed that hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), a major component of compound BA, could bind to GR and enhance its stability. In conclusion, BA alleviated corticosterone-induced fatty liver in broilers by inhibiting lipid synthesis pathways and mitigating the suppression of hepatic GR expression.
Ecological and social drivers of Mexican Wolf home range size across spatiotemporal scales
Authors: Lichwa-Schneringer Evelyn M , Cain James W , Wan Ho Yi , Fuller Genevieve , Millberry Cyrenea , Szykman Gunther Micaela 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Elucidating factors influencing home range size is fundamental to the ecology and management of wildlife species, particularly those of conservation concern, because they can provide insight into how species utilize and interact with their environment. Variation in home range size can be related to intraspecific competition and social organization, energetic requirements in relation to habitat productivity, allometric relationships, and population density. The Mexican Gray Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) is an endangered subspecies of the Gray Wolf whose home range size has not yet been studied. We examined ecological and social drivers of home range size of 22 Mexican Wolf packs between 2017 and 2021 across 4 biological time frames: annual; denning; post-denning; and non-denning. We used a 95% Brownian Bridge Movement Model home range estimator and generalized linear mixed-effect models to assess these relationships. Home range size was inversely correlated with estimated ungulate biomass, which was the most influential driver of home range size at annual and post-denning time frames. Larger packs utilized larger ranges during denning and post-denning time frames, while packs with larger litters had smaller ranges during the denning season. Snow depth was inversely related to home range size during the non-denning season. Our results indicate that both ecological and social factors are important and seasonally dependent in driving Mexican Wolf home range size. Use of a multiscale approach in future home range studies could discern relevant factors for species during time frames of interest.
Ticks and hemoplasma screening in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Somalia
Authors: Collere Flávia C M , Ferrari Larissa D R , Osman Aamir M , Hassan-Kadle Ahmed A , Shair Mohamed A , Coradi Vanessa S , Ibrahim Abdalla M , Martins Thiago F , Yusuf Abdulkarim A , de Barros-Filho Ivan R , Lange Rogério R , André Marcos R , Vieira Thállitha S W J , Machado Rosangela Z , Vieira Rafael F C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) are small pleomorphic bacteria that parasitize the surface of red blood cells of mammals. Hemoplasmas have been described in different species from the Camelidae Family, such as llamas and alpacas (South American camelids), but data on dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) are limited to a few reports. Somalia has one of the world’s largest dromedary camel populations, and studies on hemoplasmas and tick-borne pathogens are lacking. Accordingly, this study aimed to screen dromedaries from Somalia for hemoplasmas by PCR-based assays. A total of 155 dromedary camel blood samples from 2 different areas of Mogadishu (n = 104) and the Lower Shabelle Region (n = 51) of the country were collected. All blood DNA samples were screened for hemoplasmas using a SYBR Green Universal Real-Time PCR (qPCR), nested PCR (nPCR), and conventional PCR (cPCR) assays targeting the 16S rRNA gene of hemoplasmas. Five out of 155 animals (3.23%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39–7.33%) were positive for hemoplasmas. A total of 346 (228 M, 117 F, and 1 nymph) ticks were collected from 79/155 (50.9%; 95% CI: 42.8–59.1%) dromedary camels with a mean of 4.4 ticks per animal. Ticks were identified as Rhipicephalus pulchellus (174/346; 50.3%), Hyalomma dromedarii (103/346; 29.8%), Hyalomma rufipes (35/346; 10.1%), Hyalomma marginatum (16/346; 4.6%), Rhipicephalus humeralis (14/346; 4.0%), Amblyomma lepidum (2/346; 0.6%), Amblyomma gemma (1/346; 0.3%), and Ornithodoros sp. (1/185; 0.5). This is the first study on the molecular screening for hemoplasmas in dromedary camels from Somalia and the first report of A. lepidum and R. humeralis in Somali dromedary camels.
Advances in grape and pathogen genomics toward durable grapevine disease resistance
Authors: Paineau Manon , Zaccheo Mirella , Massonnet Mélanie , Cantu Dario 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The future sustainability of viticulture depends on the development of grapevine cultivars with genetic resistance to diseases such as powdery mildew, downy mildew, and Pierce’s disease. Recent advances in grape and pathogen genomics have dramatically improved our approach to durable disease resistance. The availability of diploid genome references for wild species, combined with the ability to phase resistance haplotypes and conduct genome-wide association and expression analyses, has greatly enhanced our ability to dissect genetic resistance loci. This progress is yielding candidate genes that will form the foundation for precise breeding, gene stacking, and genome editing in grape improvement programs. As resistance genes are deployed in vineyards, pathogen populations evolve to adapt and evade these defenses, posing ongoing challenges. Understanding the adaptive mechanisms of grapevine pathogens in response to resistant cultivars is crucial. Grape pathogenomics is advancing rapidly, marked by the sequencing of many pathogen genomes, the discovery of effectors, including the first ones responsible for disease resistance breakdown, and the development of graph-based pangenomes. These advancements offer valuable insights into pathogen evolution and inform strategies for sustainable disease management. Together, these genomic tools and insights are paving the way for developing resilient grapevine varieties, ensuring the long-term sustainability of viticulture.
Mechanisms of Injury for Traumatic Brain Injury Among U.S. Military Service Members Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hai Tajrina , Agimi Yll , Deressa Tesfaye , Haddad Olivia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
To understand the mechanisms of injury and demographic risk factors associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients among active and reserve service members in the U.S. Military before and during the COVID-10 pandemic.

Methods
Active and reserve service members diagnosed with an incident TBI from January 2019 through September 2021 were selected. Traumatic brain injury patients diagnosed before March 1, 2020 were categorized as pre-COVID (PC), and patients diagnosed on or after March 1, 2020 were categorized as the intra-COVID (IC) group, aligning closely with the date when the World Health Organization officially proclaimed the pandemic. We determined the frequency of causes of injuries associated with TBI separate by sex, age, occupation, and TBI severity. In addition, we conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses to assess the demographic risk factors associated with TBI severity during the PC and IC eras.

Results
Our cohort included 48,562 TBI patients: 22,819 (47.0%) diagnosed during the PC era and 25,743 (53.0%) diagnosed during the IC era. The major mechanisms of injury within our TBI cohort were being struck by/against objects, falls/slips/trips, and motor vehicle traffic accidents before and during the pandemic. The most common causes of TBI were not impacted by COVID, but motor vehicle accidents did increase during the IC era. The mechanisms of injury associated with TBI differed by TBI severity: being struck by or against an object caused more mild and moderate TBI; motor vehicle accidents caused more severe TBI; and firearms was a major cause of penetrating TBI. In addition, the percentage of severe TBI because of firearms rose sharply during the IC era. Further, women were more likely to be diagnosed with mild TBI compared to men.

Conclusion
Military leaders should consider how different causes of injury are associated with differing TBI severities and how certain demographic groups were vulnerable to specific TBI severities when developing injury prevention programs.
STEMI in an Adolescent: A Critical Case of Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Robinson Nodia , Haran James B , Venkataraman Ramesh , Kisling Adam J 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a rare cause of chest pain in adolescents and young adults. Kawasaki disease (KD) is an uncommon illness, but coronary artery aneurysms secondary to KD are implicated in approximately 5% of cases of ACS in young adults. Patients with KD may present with catastrophic coronary disease at a young age and thus early recognition of this disease process and lifelong follow-up is essential. Here we discuss a 19-year-old active duty male with no previously recognized medical history who presented with crushing chest pain while deployed. He was diagnosed with an ST elevation myocardial infarction and was found to have a giant aneurysm of the left main coronary artery with obstructive thrombus treated with emergent thrombectomy and balloon angioplasty. He developed cardiogenic shock requiring mechanical circulatory and ventilatory support. After a prolonged recovery and more in-depth history-taking, he was discovered to have been diagnosed with KD as a child without follow-up. Diagnosing ACS in young adults can be challenging, but a history of KD should increase suspicion for coronary disease. This case demonstrates the importance of screening after a childhood diagnosis of KD, specifically when caring for the tactical athlete. It also highlights the impact that social determinants of health can have on patient outcomes. Finally, it demonstrates the importance of communication and coordination between military and civilian medical centers across the globe driving the care of our deployed injured and ill active-duty military personnel.
Repeated Shifts in Sociality Are Associated With Fine-tuning of Highly Conserved and Lineage-Specific Enhancers in a Socially Flexible Bee
Authors: Jones Beryl M , Webb Andrew E , Geib Scott M , Sim Sheina , Schweizer Rena M , Branstetter Michael G , Evans Jay D , Kocher Sarah D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Comparative genomic studies of social insects suggest that changes in gene regulation are associated with evolutionary transitions in social behavior, but the activity of predicted regulatory regions has not been tested empirically. We used self-transcribing active regulatory region sequencing, a high-throughput enhancer discovery tool, to identify and measure the activity of enhancers in the socially variable sweat bee, Lasioglossum albipes. We identified over 36,000 enhancers in the L. albipes genome from 3 social and 3 solitary populations. Many enhancers were identified in only a subset of L. albipes populations, revealing rapid divergence in regulatory regions within this species. Population-specific enhancers were often proximal to the same genes across populations, suggesting compensatory gains and losses of regulatory regions may preserve gene activity. We also identified 1,182 enhancers with significant differences in activity between social and solitary populations, some of which are conserved regulatory regions across species of bees. These results indicate that social trait variation in L. albipes is associated with the fine-tuning of ancient enhancers as well as lineage-specific regulatory changes. Combining enhancer activity with population genetic data revealed variants associated with differences in enhancer activity and identified a subset of differential enhancers with signatures of selection associated with social behavior. Together, these results provide the first empirical map of enhancers in a socially flexible bee and highlight links between cis-regulatory variation and the evolution of social behavior.
Validation and next-generation update of a DNA methylation–based recurrence predictor for meningioma: A multicenter prospective study
Authors: Landry Alexander P , Wang Justin Z , Patil Vikas , Gui Chloe , Mamatjan Yasin , Patel Zeel , Yakubov Rebecca , Kaloti Ramneet , Habibi Parnian , Wilson Mark , Ajisebutu Andrew , Ellenbogen Yosef , Wei Qingxia , Singh Olivia , Sosa Julio , Mansouri Sheila , Wilson Christopher , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A , Virtanen Piiamaria , Burket Noah , Blackwell Matthew , Koenig Jenna , Alfonso Anthony , Davis Joseph , Zaazoue Mohamed A , Tabatabai Ghazaleh , Tatagiba Marcos , Behling Felix , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S , Sloan Andrew E , Chotai Silky , Chambless Lola B , Mansouri Alireza , Ehret Felix , Capper David , Tsang Derek S , Aldape Kenneth , Gao Andrew ,   The International Consortium on Meningiomas (ICOM), Nassiri Farshad , Zadeh Gelareh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
We previously developed a DNA methylation–based risk predictor for meningioma, which has been used locally in a prospective fashion since its original publication. As a follow-up, we validate this model using a large prospective cohort and introduce a streamlined next-generation predictor compatible with newer methylation arrays.

Methods
Genome-wide methylation profiles were generated with the Illumina EPICArray. The performance of our next-generation predictor was compared with our original model and standard-of-care 2021 WHO grade using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves. An nomogram was generated by incorporating our methylation predictor with WHO grade and the extent of resection.

Results
A total of 1347 meningioma cases were utilized in the study, including 469 prospective cases from 3 institutions and an external cohort of 100 WHO grade 2 cases for model validation. Both the original and next-generation models significantly outperform the 2021 WHO grade in predicting early postoperative recurrence. Dichotomizing patients into grade-specific risk subgroups was predictive of outcomes within both WHO grades 1 and 2 tumors (P &lt; .05), whereas all WHO grade 3 tumors were considered high-risk. Multivariable Cox regression demonstrated the benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in high-risk cases specifically, reinforcing its informative role in clinical decision-making. Finally, our next-generation predictor contains nearly 10-fold fewer features than the original model, allowing for targeted arrays.

Conclusions
This next-generation DNA methylation–based meningioma outcome predictor significantly outperforms the 2021 WHO grading in predicting time to recurrence. We make this available as a point-and-click tool that will improve prognostication, inform patient selection for RT, and allow for molecularly stratified clinical trials.
Bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation for the patient with lung-limited invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma: a case-based literature review
Authors: Chae Young Kwang , Oh Youjin , Kim Leeseul , Park Joo Hee , Djunadi Trie Arni , Shah Zunairah , Chung Liam Il-Young , Yoon Sung Mi , Duan Richard , Lee Jeeyeon , Kim Samuel , Bharat Ankit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) of lung is a unique subset of adenocarcinomas characterized by an intrapulmonary aerogenous spread resulting in multicentric, multilobar, and bilateral lesions with a low frequency of distant metastasis. The treatment options for IMA are limited, and advanced IMA has a poor prognosis, with a median survival of less than a year. Lung transplantation performed in a handful of selected patients showed improved survival outcomes and clinical improvement. However, high postoperative recurrence rates have been observed and recurrence appeared to originate from the primary tumor in many cases. Techniques, such as non-sequential double lung transplantation utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass, have been performed to reduce recurrence. Here, we present the first case of bilateral lung transplantation employing cardiopulmonary bypass in a patient with stage ⅣA lung-limited IMA without lymph node or distant metastasis. At 15 months post-transplantation, the patient remains stable with no evidence of disease recurrence or organ rejection. Additionally, we describe the classification, clinical outcomes, protein expression, and genetic characteristics of IMA. IMA was previously classified as a subset of bronchioalveolar carcinoma (BAC), which is invasive and mucinous with goblet or columnar cells secreting mucin. We reviewed and summarized the lung transplantation cases reported to date for BAC. The 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival have been reported approximately 50% (range, 39-100) and 50% (range, 35–100), respectively. The literature shows these outcomes are comparable to bilateral lung transplantation performed for non-cancerous pulmonary disease.
Breast cancer incidence and mortality, by age, stage and molecular subtypes, by race/ethnicity in Canada
Authors: Wilkinson Anna N , Ng Carmina , Ellison Larry F , Seely Jean M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer (BC) characteristics and outcomes in Canada related to race/ethnicity are not currently documented.

Methods
Age-specific and age-standardized BC incidence and mortality rates, age distribution of cases, proportions of stage, and molecular subtypes were calculated for women aged 20+, by race/ethnicity, using 2006 and 2011 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort databases of linked census, cancer, and death data.

Results
In 47 105 BC cases, age-specific incidence rates were higher in Filipina (rate ratio (RR) = 1.27, 95%CI, 1.11-1.46) and multiethnicity (RR = 1.57, 95% CI, 1.18-2.08) compared to White women aged 40-49; and Filipina (RR = 1.16, 95% CI, 1.02-1.31) and Arab (RR = 1.3, 95% CI, 1.02-1.65) women aged 50-59. Median age at diagnosis was 63 among White women and 52-60 among other race/ethnicity groups, with 22.4%-41.1% of cases (P &lt; .001) diagnosed before age 50 compared to 16.6% among White women. BC was diagnosed at stage I less frequently among Filipina (38.6%), Black (39.2%), South Asian (40.6%), and First Nations (40.7%) compared to White (46.5%) and Chinese (49.6%) (P &lt; .05) women. Black women had higher proportions of BC diagnoses at stages III and IV combined (26.3%) than White women (17.0%, P = .001). The proportion of triple-negative BC among Black women (20.5%) was higher than among White (9.5%, P &lt; .001). Compared to White, age-specific BC mortality rates were higher among Black women aged 40-49 (RR = 1.4, 1.06-1.85) as well as First Nations (RR = 1.21, 1.01-1.45) and Métis (RR = 1.48, 1.15-1.91) women aged 60-69.

Interpretation
Compared to White women, other Canadian women had an earlier peak age of BC diagnosis and higher proportions of cases diagnosed under age 50. Although many race/ethnicity groups had lower BC incidence and mortality than White, the higher age-specific BC mortality among Black 40-49 and First Nations and Métis women 60-69 merits further investigation.