bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Denitration Performance and Mechanism of NH3-SCR Catalyst for Modification of Rare Earth Tailings by Ce
Authors: Li Jiaming , Wang Tiantian , Wu Wenfei , Qie junmao , Hou Limin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The NH3-SCR method is the most commonly employed technique for the removal of NOx. Minerals comprise a diverse range of metallic elements, which exhibit a natural synergistic catalytic effect when applied in denitrification processes. This phenomenon highlights their potential for use in this field of study. Rare earth tailings were modified using Ce via the hydrothermal method. The impact of Ce modification was studied through XRD, BET, SEM-EDS, XPS, NH3-TPD, H2-TPR, XPS, and in situ DRIFTS analyses.The denitrification efficiency and N2 selectivity of 7.5% Ce/rare earth tailings were 83% and 90%, respectively, as demonstrated by the results. The reaction temperature window was widened, ranging from 250 to 425 ℃. With a porosity of 20 nm and a specific surface area of 28 m2/g, the catalyst is predominantly mesoporous,, and active components Ce and Fe were highly dispersed. The synergistic effect between Ce and Fe with reaction Ce4++Fe2+→Ce3++Fe3+, increasing oxygen vacancies, acidic sites and acid activity intensity. Brønsted acidic sites were the key factor for increasing activity. Catalysts of rare earth tailings modified by Ce followed both of E-R and L-H type mechanisms. NH3 absorbed on Brønsted acid site and Lewis acid site, -NH3 and -NH2 formed form NH4+, reacting with NO to form the intermediate species NH3NO and NH2NO. NO2- species react -NH3 and -NH2 forming NH3NO and NH2NO.
An analytical study for predicting incipient motion velocity of sediments under ice cover
Authors: Luo Hongchun , Ji Honglan , Chen Zijian , Liu Bin , Xue Zhongshu , Li Zhijun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the critical impact of incipient sediment motion on sediment transport estimation and riverbed evolution prediction. In this research, we examine the effects of ice cover on the vertical distribution of flow velocity, establishing a mathematical relationship between the vertical average flow velocities in open channel and ice-covered flows. This leads to the derivation of a formula for incipient motion velocity under ice cover. Additionally, the study analyzes the riverbed evolution process under ice jam conditions. The proposed formula is applicable to both open channel and ice-covered flows, effectively capturing the characteristics of incipient sediment motion for non-cohesive and cohesive sediments. The calculated incipient motion velocities closely align with the empirical data from existing literature. The study reveals that the roughness of ice cover significantly influences the incipient motion velocity of sediment, with higher ratios of ice cover roughness to riverbed roughness promoting sediment initiation under more favorable hydraulic conditions. Furthermore, the riverbed beneath ice jams experiences significant scouring. Field observations indicate that when ice jams form in localized sections of the river, the displacement of the main flow can substantially increase flow velocity in areas away from the ice jam, leading to scouring in non-ice-jammed areas and sedimentation in ice-jammed areas. The uneven distribution of ice jam is likely a critical factor contributing to discrepancies between theoretical predictions and observed outcomes. The complexity and limited data associated with the initiation of cohesive sediments pose challenges in validating the proposed formula for these sediment types.
Real-time Plasma Diagnostic Tool for the investigation of Azimuthal Rotating Instabilities in Hall Effect Thrusters
Authors: Masi L. , Presi M. , Matteo A. , Dancheva Y. , Scortecci F. , Coduti G. , Piragino A. , Vial V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The following paper reports about a non-intrusive diagnostic system able to measure the frequency of azimuthal instabilities inside the discharge channel of Hall Effect Thrusters (HETs) up to several hundreds of kHz in a real-time fashion.The innovative optical assembly, formed by an optimized sensor array, can help to drastically reduce the amount of processed data and the size of the opto-electronic front-end. The performances of the diagnostic system have been tested successfully during several tests on a HET in different regimes, showing an accuracy and reliability comparable with the state-of-the-art video recording methods. The high compactness of the developed sensor array opens new possibilities to perform simultaneously multi-channel or species-selective real-time measurements, while the reduced electronics and power consumption pave the way to miniaturized tools for on-flight diagnostics.
An Energy-Aware Combinatorial Contextual Neural Bandit Approachfor Joint Performance Optimization in Client Selection for Federated Learning
Authors: Ma Xiangyu , Shi Wei , Wen Junfeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In the evolving landscape of machine learning (ML), federated learning (FL) stands out as an innovative strategy for training models across dispersed devices without centralizing raw data. Such an approach, however, grapples with data heterogeneity challenges, violating the independent and identically distributed (IID) assumption and undermining the global model accuracy. To address this, we present federated adversary-resilient neural selector (FANS), a sophisticated context-aware client selection algorithm, leveraging a combinatorial contextual neural bandit framework. This algorithm accentuates the enhanced extraction of contextual information by evaluating each local client with a universally standardized dataset, subsequently yielding a more insightful contextual representation tailored for federated settings. Additionally, we further address another crucial aspect of client selection — energy consumption. Considering this key factor along with the global accuracy jointly, greatly increase the adaptability of FL in real-world applications. We then introduce the Selection Robustness Score (SRS), a novel metric designed to quantify the efficacy of client selection under both adversarial and energy-constrained conditions. Using this metric, we demonstrate FANS’s effectiveness in enhancing the FL process. Empirical evaluations across diverse settings reveal our method’s superiority over current state-of-the-art solutions, with significant improvement in the SRS and energy conservation.
Effect of Biochar on silica content and metabolomics against insect pests and mites of bhendi
Authors: Periyakaman Chandramani , Ashok Nithish Kumar , Pandian Kannan , Govindarajan Selvakumari 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Metabolomic profiling was done as a measure of confirmation of induced host plant resistance in the biochar applied bhendi plants. The results revealed that the sugar derivatives, inositol and fucose- meto were high with peak area of 0.14% and 4.06% respectively in the biochar treated leaves and they were absent in the untreated leaves. Among the fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid, decadienedionic acid and eicosanedioic acid were present only in biochar treated leaves of bhendi. Seven silicone compounds were also detected in the GC-MS/MS analysis with total peak of 1.78% in the treated leaves. Similarly among the alcoholic compounds, benzyl alcohol is present only in the biochar treated leaves with peak area of 0.34%. The only organic acid phthalic acid, 2-propylphenyl tetradecyl ester was observed in the treated leaves of bhendi with peak area of 0.10%. The highest mean silica content was also recorded in the biochar treated plants which was negatively correlated with insect pests. Hence it is clearly proved that biochar induced silica and metabolites in bhendi significantly reduced key insects and mites and enhanced the pod yield.
Physiological response of Auricularia sinodelicata to different air humidity and mining of drought stress related genes
Authors: Xu Juan , Jiang Suyan , Zha Xingxue , Zhao Xia , Xu Yanjun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

To investigate the physiological response of Auricularia sinodelicata under air humidity of 45%, 65% and 85% and to mine related genes under different air humidity stresses, differentially expressed genes under different stress conditions were obtained by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that under stress, the organelles of the substrate became fewer, the cell membrane was severely damaged, the cytoplasm was dissolved and free in large quantities, and the substrate produced a large amount of CAT to scavenge or reduce the reactive oxygen groups while collaborating with SOD to achieve the resistance to oxidative stress under stress. A total of 3434 differentially expressed genes were obtained from the three treatment comparisons, and 142 genes were significantly differentially expressed among different treatment groups. Among them, GO functional enrichment revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in metabolic process, cellular biosynthetic process, organonitrogen compound metabolic process, cellular metabolic process and other processes related to metabolism and cellular composition. KEGG enrichment revealed that differentially expressed genes under stress were mainly enriched in ribosomes, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, amino acid and nucleotide sugar metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, cell cycle - yeast, oxidative phosphorylation, MAPK signaling pathway - yeast, glutathione metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and other oxidative related to cell proliferation, energy metabolism and energy metabolism phosphorylation processes. It can be hypothesized that metabolic pathways associated with cell proliferation, energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism provide the energy and material basis for Auricularia sinodelicata during periods of stress. There were 25 key differentially expressed genes associated with humidity stress, including transporter proteins, thermokinins, kinases and autophagy-related genes. The results of the fluorescence quantitative PCR assay were consistent with the results of the key differentially expressed genes analyzed by transcriptome sequencing.
High-Performance - The study investigates the method to produce high-quality, long bamboo fibers using peroxyformic acid treatment and roller pressing/combing
Authors: Fan Shutong , li Bo , Ying Ziyi , Li Zhuo , Gao Xun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The incorporation of bamboo fibers significantly enhances the tensile strength of cement-based composites. However, conventional bamboo fibers have low mechanical properties and are susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis and mineralization during the preparation of cement-based materials. This study systematically investigates the preparation of high-quality long bamboo fibers and the reinforcing mechanism of water-based epoxy resin on these fibers. The results indicate that the peroxyformic acid-assisted roller pressing and combing method produces long bamboo fibers of good quality without significant mechanical damage. The peroxyformic acid treatment was relatively mild, effectively removing hemicellulose and lignin from the bamboo while causing minimal damage to the cellulose. The optimized process conditions included a peroxyformic acid concentration of 20%, a temperature of 41°C, and a duration of 9.5 hours, achieving a theoretical cellulose extraction rate of 60.46%. Furthermore, bamboo fibers treated with low-viscosity water-based epoxy resin via vacuum-assisted impregnation showed a significant increase in tensile strength, reaching 658.58 MPa, which represents an increase of 58.5%. The analysis of the tensile force-deformation curves of the long bamboo fibers supports similar conclusions. The alkali resistance of the reinforced bamboo fibers was significantly improved, with only a 6.18% decrease in tensile strength after 28 days of exposure.
The N-terminal PA Domains of Signal-Peptide-Peptidase-like 2 (SPPL2) Proteases impact on Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) Cleavage
Authors: Fluhrer Regina , Schlosser Christine , Sharrouf Kinda , Haug-Kröper Martina , Singh Suman , Papadopoulou Alkmini , Johler Maximilian , Pettinger Jonas , Horn Henrike , Koch Marco , Hoeppner Sabine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Signal peptide peptidase-like (SPPL) proteases are members of the intramembrane aspartyl protease family. Although these enzymes attract more and more interest since they are involved in immune cell differentiation and regulation of cellular glycan structures, it remains enigmatic which enzyme domains are involved in substrate recognition. Here we provide evidence that the N-terminal protease-associated (PA) domains of the SPPL2 subfamily are involved in substrate recognition and in the discrimination of substrates that only slightly differ in their luminal/extracellular domain. Presence of the SPPL2c PA domain impaired tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) processing by SPPL2a and SPPL2b. Initial cleavage of TNFα, its kinetics, and processivity in cells and in vitro were affected. In contrast, the SPPL2a PA domain enhanced SPPL2b cleavage efficiency. In addition, we demonstrate non-canonical shedding activity of SPPL3 on full-length TNFα. Our results further indicate that the ability of SPPL2a and SPPL2b to consecutively cleave transmembrane domains is mainly based on the membrane spanning body of the enzymes and differs between the individual SPPL-family members. This provides the basis for further analysis to finally understand the mechanistic differences of these homologous proteases.
The Association between Different Fatty Acid Subtypes Intake and Chronic Kidney Disease Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yang Qianyu , Ma Rong , Li Zhuoxing , Zhou Ping , Li Wan , Liang Qiyuan , Wu Tingyu , Gao Wuyu , Sun Yun , Xiao Xiang , Xiao Mao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to explore the relationship between various fatty acids (FAs) and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population and ethnic heterogeneity.
Methods
A cross-sectional study using NHANES data from 2009 to 2018. Complex sampling multivariate logistic analysis for the relationship between FAs intake and CKD risk. Complex sampling RCS plot assesses dose-response correlation. Complex sampling linear regression model analyzes correlation between FAs intake and renal injury/inflammation indicators. Stratified analysis for result consistency. Subgroup analysis for heterogeneous variables to explore result differences.
Results
23,708 individuals were included, 18.31% (4,340/23,708) had CKD. Per standard deviation (per-SD) increase in intakes of SFAs (16:0, 18:0), MUFAs (18:1, 20:1 and 22:1), and PUFAs (18:2, 18:3 and 20:4) were independently associated with the risk of CKD. As the intake levels of these FAs increased, the risk of CKD decreased. Stratified analysis results revealed ethnic heterogeneity in the relationship between the intakes of such FAs as SFAs (16:0, 18:0), MUFAs (18:1, 20:1), and PUFAs (18:2, 18:3 and 20:4) and the risk of CKD. Subgroup analysis results showed that the relationship between the increased intakes of SFAs (16:0, 18:0), MUFAs (18:1, 20:1), and PUFAs (18:2, 18:3 and 20:4) and the decreased risk of CKD was more significant in non-Hispanic whites.
Conclusion
The increased intake of SFAs (16:0, 18:0), MUFAs (18:1, 20:1 and 22:1), and PUFAs (18:2, 18:3 and 20:4) is associated with a decreased risk of CKD in the general population, and this relationship is more significant in Hispanic whites.
Validity between Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry and Bioelectrical Impedance for segmental fat analysis and a novel low-cost model developed using anthropometry in young adults
Authors: Mecherques-Carini Malek , Albaladejo-Saura Mario , Esparza-Ros Francisco , Baglietto Nicolás , Vaquero-Cristóbal Raquel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: An accurate assessment of body fat distribution is crucial for managing cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Although several methods are available for segmental fat analysis, few studies have examined the validity of affordable methods such as Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) against the reference method, Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). This study aimed to assess the validity of BIA as compared to DXA for segmental fat mass assessment, and to develop anthropometric regression models that offer a cost-effective alternative for health professionals in clinical and public health settings.
Methods: Cross-sectional study that included 264 young adults (161 males, mean age=23.04±5.61 years; and 103 females, mean age=22.29±5.98 years). Segmental fat mass was measured using DXA and BIA, and anthropometric measurements were collected following the ISAK protocol.
Results: Significant differences were found between DXA and BIA for segmental fat mass (p<0.001). Sex significantly influenced the results (p<0.05), while BMI and hydration status had no significant impact. The Bland-Altman analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.001) between BIA and DXA for fat mass in the upper and lower limbs. Trunk fat mass also differed significantly in the segmental analysis (p<0.001), except for the overall sample (p=0.0881). Anthropometric regression models showed a high predictive accuracy for both females (R²=0.766-0.910; p<0.001) and males (R²=0.758-0.887; p<0.001). Key predictors of segmental fat mass included body mass (r=0.606-0.867; p<0.001), skinfold thickness (r=0.688-0.893; p<0.001), and waist girth (r=0.883-0.810; p<0.001). Peripheral skinfolds were highly predictive for upper and lower limbs, while waist girth was relevant for trunk fat mass.
Conclusions: The significant differences between DXA and BIA means that these methods are not interchangeable for segmental fat analysis. However, the anthropometric regression models offer a practical and accurate alternative for predicting segmental fat mass in clinical settings where DXA is unavailable.
Trial registration: Not applicable.
Understanding the Dynamics of Squat Training: Effects on Energy Expenditure, Oxygen Consumption, and Heart Rate in Young, Healthy Adults
Authors: del-Cuerpo Indya , Delgado-Floody Pedro , Jerez-Mayorga Daniel , Caamaño-Navarrete Felipe , Aliquintui-Flores Mauricio , Chirosa-Ríos Luis Javier 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to assess the changes in energy expenditure (EE), oxygen volume (VO2), heart rate (HR), and velocity (V) measurements obtained during three sets of each of two squat training protocols in a group of healthy young adults. Twenty-nine students of Sports Sciences volunteered to participate in this study. They attended the laboratory on four different days and performed four sessions: two of 3 sets of 12 repetitions at 75% 1 repetition maximum (RM) and two of 3 sets of 30 repetitions at 50% 1RM while EE, VO2, HR and V was evaluated. The major outcomes of this study indicated that EE, VO2, HR, and V tended to decrease in both protocols as the sets were performed. Despite this, the creation of fresh insights regarding the assessment of different strengths and metabolic variables can help illuminate the underlying causes of these distinctions. Furthermore, these findings have important implications for the design of effective and personalized strength training programs.
Functionalization of Oxidized Cellulosic Materials via Versatile Azetidinium Chemistry
Authors: Su Yue , Fatona Ayodele , Doherty Erin A.S. , Riehle Richard J. , Borkar Sachin , Pelton Robert H. , Moran-Mirabal Jose M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) have been widely considered a cost-effective and convenient solution for biosensing. The controlled functionalization of paper is a key requirement to implement sensitive, reproducible and robust PADs. The present work leverages an azetidinium bifunctional coupler for the modular grafting of chemical functionalities onto carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), which can be used to convey functionality to paper sheets. Two approaches were explored: (i) CMC was first adsorbed onto paper and azetidinium derivatives were then grafted onto the carboxylate groups to confer the desired chemical functionality (i.e., alkyl, alkyne and azide), and (ii) the functionalities were first grafted onto CMC, which was then irreversibly adsorbed onto cellulose fibers. The modified CMC and paper sheets were characterized by NMR, FTIR, conductometric titration, and fluorescence microscopy. The degree of modification of the paper surfaces was quantitively assessed by reacting alkyne-bearing paper with FAM-azide, and compared to paper surfaces where carboxylate groups were introduced through alternate routes. These experiments showed that grafting azetidinium derivatives onto CMC before or after adsorption onto cellulose fibres can introduce accessible reactive groups onto paper, albeit with different efficiency. As proof of concept for the introduction of biological functionalities onto paper, alkynylated biotin was reacted with paper functionalized with azide-CMC, followed by the specific binding of fluorescent streptavidin. The method developed to functionalize cellulosic materials via azetidinium derivatives is simple, cost-effective, versatile, and provides broad flexibility to graft a range of chemical and biological functionalities. We anticipate this method will aid in the development of value-added functional paper and PADs.
Chronic hypoxia induces alternative splicing of transcripts in the goldfish brain
Authors: Cao Catherine , Nipu Niepukolie , Johnston William , Adil Sally , Wei Lai , Mennigen Jan A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Several species evolved mechanisms to tolerate periods of severe environmental hypoxia and anoxia. Among them, goldfish are unique as they do not enter a comatose state under such conditions. Taking advantage of the recently published and annotated goldfish genome, we had previously profiled the transcriptomic response of the goldfish brain under normoxic (21 kPa oxygen saturation, N) and hypoxic conditions (2.1 kPa oxygen saturation) after 1 and 4 weeks (1WH, 4WH). Using the RNA-Seq data, we report the occurrence of alternative mRNA splicing (skipped exon, retained intron, alternative 3’ or 5’ splice sites, and mutually exclusive exons). At 1WH/N, 1004 significant alternative splicing events on 769 gene loci were identified, increasing to 1187 on 963 loci at 4WH/N. There were 305 loci with alternatively spliced transcripts common to both 1WH/N and 4WH/N, 221 of which exhibited the same precise location and splicing mechanism. Specific gene transcripts affected by alternative splicing events were almost entirely different from previously identified differentially expressed genes under chronic hypoxia. GO-term enrichment analyses of gene loci of alternatively spliced transcripts, however, did include similar pathways as previously identified for DEGs. These include epigenetic machinery, ion channel activity (1WH/N), glutamate signalling (4WH/N), endothelial cell function and ATP hydrolyzation pathways (1WH/N + 4WH/N). We describe selected examples of alternatively spliced transcripts to discuss possible functional relevance in the goldfish brain response to chronic hypoxia. Together, our data identified an additional layer of regulation in brain pathways relevant to hypoxia tolerance in goldfish, which complement previously reported gene expression changes.