bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Новые документы Архива Я. П. Сапеги
Authors: Mirsky Stanislav , Tupikova N.A. , Tyumentseva N.E. 
Published: June 2019

In their essay the authors analyze previously neglected documents of J.P. Sapieha’s Russian archive (1608–1611). Comparison of these documents with the data of “Sapieha`s Journal” and other Polish-Luthuanian sources from the beginning of the seventeenth century enables them to carry out a complex examination of the materials and to cross-verify their data. On the basis of their work with J.P. Sapieha’s documents, the authors argue that the technique of archival reconstruction first proposed by Ruslan Grigor’evich Skrynnikov and then developed by Igor Olegovich Tyumentsev works effectively.
Sofia Palaiologina in Life and Legend
Authors: Bushkovitch Paul 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The marriage of Sofiia Palaiologina and Ivan III of Moscow has been the subject of much speculation about Russia and Byzantium but little analysis of the reality of her role in Russian history. We know very little about her activity as the wife of the grand prince, though that may be because of the character of the chronicle sources. In the relations of Moscow and Lithuania concerning the marriage of her daughter Elena to Grand Prince Alexander her role can be glimpsed behind the protocol, perhaps because the sources are diplomatic records. After her death Sofiia acquired another role: the legend of the miraculous birth of Vasilii III was one of the foundational stories behind the annual pilgrimage of the Russian court to the Holy Trinity-St. Sergii Monastery.
The Return of the Rhos
Authors: Ostrowski Donald 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Annales Bertiniani, a ninth-century Frankish chronicle, reports that the Byzantine Emperor Theophilos (r. 829–842) sent to the court of Emperor Louis the Pious (r. 814–840) in Ingelheim in May 839 a group calling themselves Rhos who were trying to return to their homeland (in patriam). They said that their ruler had the name Chacanus. After Louis found out they were Swedes (Sueones), he became suspicious that they were spies and wrote to Theophilos for confirmation of who they said they were. Various scholarly conjectures have been made concerning who these Rhos were and where their homeland might have been. This article surveys the salient points of those scholarly conjectures and the relevant linguistic and archaeological evidence, including Byzantine artifacts from the reign of Theophilos found in northern Europe. It cautions against excessive supposition, especially in assuming that the homeland of the Rhos was a khaganate.
‘Gutullae sanguinis Iagellonici’
Authors: Rogulski Jakub 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and (after 1569) the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth there lived many princely families who originated (or were supposed to have originated) from the House of Gediminas, the Gediminids. Their descent from this house linked them with the Jagiellonians, who were also Gediminids and who had become the powerful royal dynasty in Poland and Lithuania until 1572 (and other European countries). Using written and visual evidence from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries, this article argues that real and claimed Jagiellonian descent played a crucial role in the social and political lives of many prominent Lithuanian princely families. Consequently, the princes sought to commemorate their relationship with the dynasty by exploiting forms both of “memory storage” (that is to say documents, genealogies or panegyrics that presented irrefutable information about their Jagiellonian kinship links), and “functional memory” (which included family symbols strongly identified with the Jagiellonians). In this way the princes created their identity as members of the “royal kin of Lithuanian princes” and presented themselves as the junior collateral of the powerful dynasty. This image of the origins of these princely families was in turn transmitted to the future generations, reinforcing their collective identity and their sense of status, and promoting variously their political ambitions.
Maritime Law Enforcement in Japan
Authors: Kojima Chie 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses the roles and functions of the Japan Coast Guard and Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force in maritime law enforcement. It analyzes practices of Japan’s maritime law enforcement in the prevention and punishment of piracy and armed robbery against ships, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, marine pollution, illegal immigration, and drug trafficking. It also examines cases of collaboration among different agencies at the domestic, regional and international levels.
International Conventions around Liability on Offshore Oil and Gas Operations
Authors: Zournatzi Christina 
Published: June 2019

The diversity of location of many offshore units and the transnational nature of the offshore oil and gas industry have emphasised the increasing need for a close harmonisation of the liability regime between the applicable laws of producing States and what is stated in the International Conventions.
Many maintained the need for an international treaty to cover pollution from offshore activities with particular reference to transboundary pollution and, thus, the current uniform liability regime on the subject was established. Offshore oil and gas operations often take place in locations that depend on tourism for a large part of their income, such as the Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea. Sources of law on offshore units in the United Kingdom and Greece are considered, as it is of paramount importance to understand of how national legislations and courts treat offshore units or crafts in the occurrence of an event of an incident.
Vegetation and Land-Use Change in Northern Europe During Late Antiquity: A Regional-Scale Pollen-Based Reconstruction
Authors: Woodbridge Jessie , Roberts Neil , Fyfe Ralph 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of land cover and land use change in northern Europe, particularly during Late Antiquity (ca. 3rd–8th c. AD) based on fossil pollen preserved in sediments. We have transformed fossil pollen datasets from 462 sites into eight major land-cover classes using the pseudobiomisation method (PBM). Through using pollen-vegetation evidence, we show that north-central Europe, lying outside the Roman frontier (the so-called ‘Barbaricum’ region), remained predominantly forested until Medieval times, with the main clearance phase only starting from ca. AD 750. This stands in contrast to north-west Europe, both inside (France/England) and outside (Scotland/Ireland) the Roman imperial frontier; here a majority of forested land was already cleared prior to antiquity. The implications of this are that Roman expansion into the periphery of the empire largely took over existing intensive agrarian regions in the case of ‘Gaul’ (France) and ‘Britannia’ (England and Wales). Pre-existing land-use systems and levels of landscape openness may have played a role in directing the expansion of the Roman empire northwards into Gaul and Britannia, rather than eastwards into Germania. After the period of Roman occupation, partial reforestation is evident in some areas.
Late Antique Environment and Economy in the North of the Iberian Peninsula: The Site of La Tabacalera (Asturias, Spain)
Authors: Peña-Chocarro Leonor , Orejas Saco del Valle Almudena , Carrión Marco Yolanda , Pérez-Díaz Sebastián , López-Sáez José Antonio , Fernández Ochoa Carmen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The exceptional preservation of organic remains in a well-reservoir at the site of La Tabacalera (Asturias, Spain) is the subject of an interdisciplinary study regarding past human-environmental interaction. The feature, dated to Late Antiquity, corresponds to a large well containing a wide range of organic material (animal bones, pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), mites, seeds, wood and wooden artefacts, etc.). This article examines both plant micro (pollen and NPPs) and macro-remains (seeds and wood) dated between the late 5th–8th c. AD. The palynological evidence suggests that the structure investigated was colonised by different species dominated by ivy, while the surrounding anthropised area was characterised by the presence of open areas, probably occupied by meadows and pastures. A mixed deciduous forest was also present not far from the site. The abundant plant macro-remains include the presence of water-loving woody species, which inform us about the vegetation growing around the well-reservoir. The seed record comprises cultivated plants, and a wide range of wild species typical of humid environments. Among the remains there are also some wooden artefacts. Plant remains have provided significant information, not only to reconstruct the landscape around the site, but also on the formation of the feature’s backfill. Moreover, the remains offer us information regarding objects of daily life and the maintenance of the feature.
Rye’s Rise and Rome’s Fall: Agriculture and Climate in Europe during Late Antiquity
Authors: Squatriti Paolo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This essay discusses the introduction and circulation of plants in the western Roman empire between roughly AD 300 and 800. It focuses on one cultivated plant, rye, and on a few ecologically different regions in Gaul and Italy, in order to probe the causes of botanical successes and failures. It suggests that late antique people increasingly took care of rye for economic, social, and cultural reasons. It reaches this conclusion through an analysis of other explanations for the success of rye, such as late antique climate patterns and late antique human migration. It suggests that these explanations are unsatisfactory because they do not account for all the varied instances of increased rye cultivation between the 4th and 8th c. in Europe.
The Interface Affect of a Contact Zone: Danmaku on Video-Streaming Platforms
Authors: Li Jinying 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This essay interrogates the transmedial, transnational expansion of platforms by analyzing the mediation functions and affective experiences of a discursive interface, danmaku. It is a unique interface design originally featured by the Japanese video-sharing platform Niconico to render user comments flying over videos on screen. The danmaku interface has been widely adopted in China by video-streaming websites, social media, and theatrical film exhibitions. Examining the fundamental incoherence that is structured by the interface – the incoherence between content and platform, between the temporal experiences of pseudo-live-ness and spectral past – the paper underlines the notion of ‘contact’ as the central logic of platforms and argues that danmaku functions as a volatile contact zone among conflicting modes, logics, and structures of digital media. Such contested contacts generate affective intensity of media regionalism, in which the transmedial/transnational processes managed by platforms in material/textual traffic are mapped by the flow of affect on the interface.
Ars simia naturae: The Animal as Mediator and Alter Ego of the Artist in the Renaissance
Authors: Cohen Simona 
Published: June 2019

Past research on animals in Renaissance art has indicated their functions as signifiers of human characteristics. This study demonstrates stages in developments of Renaissance art that illustrate transitions from anthropocentric to theriocentric approaches in animal symbolism, where animals are perceived and valued in their own right. Traditional negative animal symbolism was not relinquished, but new types of animal depictions have testified to new attitudes. Iconography of the dog and the ape, for example, represents two issues relating to human-animal relationships in the Renaissance. Changing conceptions of the dog, its function in artistic narrative, as related to the artist, his self-image and awareness of the spectator, are examined. The ape became a metaphor of the universal artist and clever imitator of nature. While late-sixteenth- and seventeenth-century illustrations referring to artistic imitatio were harshly judicial, the idea of animals as mediators is demonstrated by the artist who tends not only to empathize with animals but also to identify with them.
A Tribe of Roaring Girls: Crime and Gender in Early Modern England
Authors: Eastwood Adrienne L. 
Published: June 2019

Scholars who write about early modern women and crime have focused primarily on prostitution and witchcraft which they deem “feminine” crimes. Removing this gender bias by employing a non-essentialist perspective, reveals a more nuanced picture of women’s participation in crime. Women who were unwilling—or perhaps not feminine enough—to use their sexual attributes to make money existed and are reported in crime statistics and literature. Using both hard evidence from crime studies and soft evidence from literary sources, and considering a wide historical range (from 1600–1800), reveals a steady stream of references to masculine-female criminals on the margins of early modern culture. I argue that future crime studies of early modern periods should allow for the consideration of women who did not conform to their culture’s gender ideals. Making a space for the “masculine-female criminal” contributes to a more nuanced view of gender and early modern culture.
Ultraminor Literature in a Major Language
Authors: Tiwari Bhavya 
Published: June 2019

Deleuze and Guattari list out three characteristics of a minor literature—it is written in a major language from a marginalized position; its nature is thoroughly political; and it has a collective value. Yet, as this article shows by taking the case of T.S. Pillai’s Malayalam novel Chemmeen (1956) and its various afterlives, world literatures illuminate greater varieties of scale and of characteristics than can readily be covered by a single binary opposition between minor versus major, local versus global, original versus translation, singular versus plural. The concept of ultraminor literature, especially in the South Asian context, thus gives us a chance to engage with an undefined space that archives historical, translational, political, linguistic, idiosyncratic, and aesthetic tales of a text within and outside its tradition.
The Role of Theology in the History and Philosophy of Science
Authors: Moritz Joshua M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAfter a bibliographic introduction highlighting various research trends in science and religion, this essay explores how the current academic and conceptual landscape of theology and science has been shaped by the history of science, even as theology has informed the philosophical foundations of science. The first part assesses the historical interactions of science and the Christian faith (looking at the cases of human dissection in the Middle Ages and the Galileo affair) in order to challenge the common notion that science and religion have always been at war. Part two investigates the nature of the interaction between science and Christian theology by exploring the role that metaphysical presuppositions and theological concepts have played—and continue to play—within the scientific process.
When Social Practice Art Overcomes Globalisation: Attending to Environment and Locality in Taiwan
Authors: Tung Wei Hsiu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis essay discusses how artists, architects, and local community people have collaborated together to regenerate an everyday life aesthetics that embodies and reflects the environmental specificity of local culture, history, and geography in the context of Taiwan, where systematic urbanisation has had a very negative impact in many different areas since the early 2000s. The essay explores the possibility of local aesthetics retrieving the feelings of the Taiwanese “vernacular worlds” against the effects of globalisation, urbanisation and rapid socio-political changes. Two social practice art projects are considered accordingly: Plum Tree Creek and Togo Village.
Representations of History in the Poetry of Zheng Jing
Authors: Milburn Olivia 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Zheng Jing 鄭經 (1642–1681), the first classically trained Chinese-language poet to write about Taiwan’s landscape, also addressed a number of other themes. This paper will consider his small group of historical poems dealing with the achievements of the founders of earlier imperial dynasties; his poems about contemporary events, in particular the ongoing conflict between the Qing government and the remnants of the Southern Ming dynasty (which he supported) on Taiwan; his poems about his experiences as a military commander; and his poems criticizing the Manchu imperial house for their alien customs and culture. These works aren’t read here as straightforwardly autobiographical; instead we’ll interpret them as works of literature, ones carefully constructed to send specific political messages to a contemporary readership.
An Old Chinese Word for ‘Silk’ in Mongolic, Turkic, Tungusic, and Persian
Authors: Shimunek Andrew 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper identifies a Late Old Chinese word for silk in Mongolic and its comparanda in Old Uygur, Chagatay, New Persian, Jurchen, Manchu, Ewenki, and Solon. Routes of lexical borrowing are identified, and their likely historical contexts are discussed. This paper offers contributions to the study of early Chinese ethnolinguistic contact with neighboring peoples.
Noms de famille dans les oasis d’Égypte à l’époque ottomane
Authors: Michel Nicolas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Very little is known about the existence of family names in Ottoman Egypt, except among the upper classes and urban society as a whole. In this respect, the Western Desert Oases of Dakhla and Kharga provide us with an exceptional documentation. Cross referencing texts found or still preserved in local family archives with the results of ethnographical fieldwork conducted over a century, enables us to reconstruct the onomastic culture of the Oases society through the last four centuries. Family names were in use among most of the inhabitants. This use developed in a complex way, by combining lineage names created a few generations ago with more ancient and inclusive names. Their combined use allowed to identify and classify all the inhabitants of a settlement, without knowing them personally. It reflects a non-tribal society, largely based on the ownership of scarce but perennial water resources, a key factor in the longevity of families.
Why Nishapur?
Authors: Bulliet Richard W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGiven the high cost of premodern land transport, inland cities not serviced by any sort of water transport were quite rare before the appearance of motorized vehicles. The emergence of Nishapur in northeastern Iran as the Abbasid caliphate’s second largest metropolis, with a population over 150,000 in the year 1000, thus presents a problem. That it was neither a major governing center during most of its growth period, nor a transshipment node or pilgrimage site, compounds the problem. This article proposes a set of economic, geographic, and social circumstances that taken together may account for its flourishing. It further suggests that these same factors contributed to the city’s emerging distinction as a Muslim religious and cultural center.
Inherited Landscapes in Muslim Bactra
Authors: de la Vaissière Etienne 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article presents recent archaeological discoveries on the Buddhist monasteries, the irrigation system and defence systems of the oasis of Balkh, intending to explore the depth of the gap between these central features of the oasis landscape and the transmitted early Islamic texts describing the site. The Fażāʾil-i Balḫ and the Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam do provide us with some data but the archaeology allows a detailed demonstration of how many parts of the pre-Islamic past were quickly forgotten or reinterpreted in the following centuries.
The Fortified Landscape of Isfahan
Authors: Esfahani Ali Shojaee 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article presents an exposition of the fortifications around Isfahan based on fieldwork and a thorough analysis of written sources and the available satellite images, processed with new GIS technologies. The fortress of Šāhdiz, of Ismaili fame, is well known and documented in the written sources, however the major conclusion of the current research is that in fact a network of fortifications was developed, strategically located to afford observation and communication. The heights surrounding Isfahan were exploited to full potential, gaining security over roads and settlement processes, which in turn contributed to urban growth. The evolution of this network conformed with the trends of urbanisation: as long as the main towns remained Qih and Jayy, it was the mountains in the east of the rustāq of Isfahan that played the decisive role. But from the fourth/tenth century onward, with the growth of Yahūdiyya and the integration of the southern province of Fars and Khuzistan in the Buyid and Saljuq polities, it was the fortified of sites in the mountainous areas south of Zāyanda-rūd that were key to securing the access roads.
Balkh, from the Seljuqs to the Mongol Invasion
Authors: Paul Jürgen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe current article deals with the forms of local rule at Balkh in the Seljuq and post-Seljuq period up to the Mongol invasion. At all times we observe relatively high degrees of regional autonomy, in which local rulers were far more than “governors”. Balkh was a regional state, or “minimal beylik”, at times included within larger imperial structures and at others continuing more on its own. Military manpower was frequently provided by Turkish nomads (Ghuzz), who are seen throughout the period as a powerful regional force. Urban notables (aʿyān) played a decisive role in local rule, in particular the qadis, who judged according to sharia rules, and the raʾīs, in charge of fiscal and administrative affairs. Besides these office holders the sayyids must also have been important, alongside other Muslim scholars, mostly Hanafi. Balkh therefore is another example for the amīr-aʿyān system, as has been described in detail for other Iranian cities of the Seljuq period. In the post-Seljuq era the situation continues but becomes more unstable. Hereditary lines of emirs emerge again and again, but the sources do not offer a clear picture of the chronological and prosopographic details.The paper draws on general historiography, the extant city history and other narrative and non-narrative sources, as well as numismatic evidence.
Some Considerations on the Problem of Diglossia in Biblical Hebrew*
Authors: Colasuonno Maria Maddalena 
Published: June 2019

This article challenges the notion of diglossia, invoked by Gary A. Rendsburg (1990) as one of the parameters of linguistic variation in Biblical Hebrew, from both the methodological and linguistic points of view.
Firstly, thus far the existence of diglossia in Biblical Hebrew has been widely accepted, although no Hebraist has demonstrated the functional specialization between spoken and written Hebrew (i.e. low vs. high varieties) in biblical times.
Secondly, among the alleged diglossic isoglosses presented by Rendsburg, 1) gender neutralisation; 2) -שֶׁ instead of אֲשֶׁר as nota relationis; and 3) the proleptic pronominal suffix are discussed.
Finally, by combining the sociolinguistic and pragmatic approaches this survey aims to cast new light on these debated isoglosses.
“Heavy Shekels” in Late Bronze Age Syria
Authors: Zaccagnini Carlo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article deals with problems related to the use of different weight systems in international relations during the Late Bronze Age. Three case-studies have been chosen: the compensation for the murder of foreign merchants in Ugarit (“the Karkemish shekel”); the reimbursement of a debt at Emar (“the big weight of the country of Subaru”); the tribute of the king of Ugarit to the king of Hatti (“the heavy Hittite shekel”).