bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Price of Four Loko in Large U.S. Cities, 2018
Authors: Rossheim Matthew E. , Thombs Dennis L. , Treffers Ryan D. , Trangenstein Pamela J. , McDonald Kayla K. , Ahmad Reema , Siklo Sieka S. , Gonzalez‐Pons Kwynn M. , Suzuki Sumihiro , Jernigan David H. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundSupersized alcopops are flavored alcoholic beverages that contain up to 5.5 standard alcoholic drinks in a single can. Limited research suggests Four Loko—the most commonly consumed supersized alcopop by underage drinkers—is among the least expensive ready‐to‐drink alcohol products on the U.S. market. This is a public health concern because alcohol prices are inversely associated with consumption and related harms, particularly among youth. This study investigated Four Loko's retail price per volume of alcohol in large U.S. cities.MethodsThis study used multistage random sampling to collect data in the largest city of each state and Washington, DC. A simple random sample of 5 ZIP codes from each city was selected and entered into Four Loko's website product locator. Within ZIP codes, up to 4 stores were randomly selected and contacted by telephone. Retailers were interviewed about Four Loko in regard to: availability, volume, alcohol by volume (abv), price for 1 can, and discounts for purchasing more than 1 can.ResultsThe sample included 344 retail stores with Four Loko in stock. Average price per standard alcoholic drink (i.e., 14 g of absolute alcohol) was $0.54 for Four Loko products. Taking into account volume, price, and discounts, an average of 17 standard alcoholic drinks could be purchased via Four Loko with $10. Adjusted analysis using linear regression showed that availability of bulk price discounts and higher abv (14% vs. 12%) were associated with lower price per drink.ConclusionThis study verifies that Four Loko is among the least expensive ready‐to‐drink alcohol available for purchase in the United States. Given that consuming a single supersized alcopop constitutes binge drinking and is therefore unsafe, regulatory agencies should consider a variety of steps to reduce the availability and abv of these products and increase their retail price in order to reduce and prevent unsafe alcohol consumption.
The effects of sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on the microhardness of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and TotalFill Bioceramic Putty
Authors: Chu Jacklyn H.R. , Chia Kalie Y. , Qui Alexander L. , Moule Alex , Ha William N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of 5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA on the Vickers microhardness of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, MTA Angelus (MTAA), and TotalFill Bioceramic Putty (BCP) after 24 h and 8 days. Twenty‐four samples of MTAA and BCP were tested for baseline microhardness at 24 h. They were divided into four subgroups (5% NaOCl or 17% EDTA, 24 h, 5% NaOCl or 17% EDTA at 8 days) and microhardness was evaluated at different time‐points. Results were recorded and analysed statistically via one‐way anova Kruskal–Wallis test and post hoc uncorrected Dunn's multiple comparison test. MTAA had a higher baseline microhardness than BCP. NaOCl reduced the microhardness of MTAA but increased that of BCP. EDTA reduced the microhardness for both materials at 24 h. At 8 days, EDTA reduced the microhardness of MTAA, while BCP exhibited an increase in microhardness. Enabling these materials to set for a week prior to exposure to irrigants improves their microhardness.
A Lady’s Bicycle
Authors: Bundgaard Helle 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis story concerns ethical dilemmas related to unintended consequences of fieldwork. The setting in a small Indian village works as a prism that offers an opportunity to reflect upon our practice as anthropologists. One of the challenges of fieldwork in a setting with relatively little material wealth is that objects that to the anthropologist are simply a matter of convenience represent resources otherwise out of reach and might lead to competition among interlocutors and power struggles. The bicycle thus articulates the unequal relation between anthropologist and interlocutors.
Thoracoscopic approach for complications after esophageal atresia repair: initial experience
Authors: Cano Novillo Indalecio , Aneiros Castro Belén , Godoy Lenz Jorge , Puentes Rivera Maria Consuela , García Vázquez Araceli , Moreno Zegarra Cecilia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionImprovements in technology and health care have helped reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with esophageal atresia. However, postoperative complications such as dehiscences, strictures, and recurrent fistulas still occur in a large percentage of patients. Here, we present our initial experience using the thoracoscopic approach for complications after esophageal atresia repair.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients who developed complications after esophageal atresia repair and underwent thoracoscopic reoperation at two centers. Anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stricture, and recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula were assessed as complications after esophageal atresia repair.ResultsWe reoperated on four patients (range of age 3 days ‐ 2 years) by thoracoscopy. Two patients who had undergone thoracoscopic atresia repair presented with anastomotic dehiscence. The anastomoses were thoracoscopically reconstructed without tension. One patient had undergone thoracoscopic atresia repair presented with esophageal stricture refractory to endoscopic dilatations. Thoracoscopic esophagoesophagostomy was performed in this 2‐year‐old patient. One patient who had undergone esophageal atresia repair and tracheoesophageal fistula closure by thoracotomy presented with a recurrent fistula at 1 year of age. The patient underwent thoracoscopic fistula closure with a 5‐mm endostapler. All patients remain asymptomatic after reoperation.ConclusionsReoperation after esophageal atresia repair is challenging and carries a relatively high risk of developing complications. Compared to conventional surgery, the thoracoscopic approach in experienced hands offers better visualization and more accurate dissection and drainage of the thoracic cavity. Therefore, we want to encourage the use of thoracoscopy in the treatment of complications after esophageal atresia repair.
Business, organization theory, and the current challenge of neocharisma
Authors: Betta Michela 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn argument is made in this article that there exists a trend in today's society toward a phenomenon that can tentatively be calledneocharismaand that this trend poses important challenges to organization theory and the modern organization. This phenomenon, it is suggested, is expressed in today's intense pressure for innovation, something that makes it imperative to develop a distinction between constructive and destructive innovation. Organization theory has some difficulty in handling innovations, radical change, and irrationality, as a review of the literature shows. In order to better understand a phenomenon such as neocharisma, it is proposed that organizations be seen as embedded in society in a typology based on Max Weber's four types of social order (tradition, instrumental rationality, value rationality, and charisma). The article ends with a comparison between charisma and neocharisma, a discussion of what differentiates constructive from destructive innovations, and suggestions for future research related to neocharisma.
Plant competition as a mechanism of invasion on islands: Revisiting the conclusions of Kuebbing and Nuñez (2016)
Authors: Barton Kasey E. , Wong Amanda 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIdentifying the mechanisms underlying invasive plant establishment and native plant decline remains a central goal in ecology, particularly for biodiversity hotspots such as islands. We re‐analyzed a previously published meta‐dataset to test the prediction that neighbor effects are stronger on islands vs. continents because island plants are weaker competitors. Although we detected marginally stronger neighbor effects on islands than continents, this was due, at least in part, to stronger competition among native species. An absence of studies testing neighbor effects between native vs. invasive plants on islands prevents a rigorous test for competition effects on islands, highlighting an important knowledge gap.
A price index for Canada, 1688 to 1850
Authors: Geloso Vincent 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the first price index for any region of Canada that spans from the colonial era to the mid‐19th century. I constructed it using prices from the account books of religious congregations with estates throughout modern‐day Quebec. It represents a substantial improvement over previous indexes thanks to the consistent price quotations in the source material, the high frequency of observations for many goods, the vast number of goods and the inclusion of numerous non‐agricultural and non‐food goods. Its price trends differ mildly from those of existing but less‐comprehensive price indexes. I link this new index with post‐1850 indexes to create a 328‐year price index for Canada.
Social Change and the Gendered Division of Household Labor in Canada
Authors: Guppy Neil , Sakumoto Larissa , Wilkes Rima 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHousework is asymmetrically distributed by gender. This uneven allocation is an important indicator of inequality between women and men. The imbalance is closing, although exactly why remains uncertain. It is also unclear if the convergence has more to do with women's lives becoming more like men's, or whether it is because men are changing their practices on the home front. Using 30 years of nationally representative time use diary data, we explore three broad theoretical frameworks addressing social change—cultural, structural, and demographic—to examine how and why the gender dynamics around housework are shifting. We find that structural factors, and in particular women's engagement with paid work, have changed most sharply as drivers of greater symmetry in domestic labor, although changing cultural beliefs have contributed as well. Furthermore, there have been significant changes in men's behavior. One focal point for this domestic change is in men's and women's shifting practices around childcare. Intensive parenting, not just intensive mothering, has become more prevalent.
Human disturbance impacts on rainforest mammals are most notable in the canopy, especially for larger‐bodied species
Authors: Whitworth Andrew , Beirne Christopher , Pillco Huarcaya Ruthmery , Whittaker Lawrence , Serrano Rojas Shirley Jennifer , Tobler Mathias W. , MacLeod Ross 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimCommunity‐level assessments of how biodiversity responds to disturbance within forest habitats are often biased towards terrestrial‐based surveys. However, recent research suggests that arboreal communities of several indicator groups (ants, amphibians, beetles and butterflies) are more susceptible to human disturbance than their terrestrial counterparts, but what about wildlife at higher trophic levels? We assess responses to disturbance, from forest floor to canopy, of a key conservation flagship group: medium to large rainforest mammals.LocationThe Manu Biosphere Reserve, southeast Peru.MethodsWe deploy both arboreal and terrestrial camera traps to directly compare the response of arboreal and terrestrial mammal communities to rainforest degradation and disturbance.ResultsWe show that the arboreal mammal community is more susceptible to habitat disturbance than the terrestrial community. Furthermore, the largest‐bodied arboreal species, which are major seed dispersers, showed the greatest negative response to forest disturbance. The strongest predictors of occupancy probability for arboreal communities were focal tree connectivity and canopy cover, whereas surrounding forest loss and canopy height were there strongest predictors of terrestrial community occupancy, although these also had effects similar in size and magnitude on the arboreal community.Main conclusionsConservation conclusions drawn from camera‐based studies focused on the terrestrial realm likely underestimate the impact of rainforest degradation to arboreal communities and on arboreal rainforest biodiversity in general. We highlight the importance of implementing arboreal research methods, capable of investigating conservation implications of anthropogenic disturbance across all vertical strata, for accurate conservation assessments and improving rainforest management and restoration strategies.
Temperature shapes opposing latitudinal gradients of plant taxonomic and phylogenetic β diversity
Authors: McFadden Ian R. , Sandel Brody , Tsirogiannis Constantinos , Morueta‐Holme Naia , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Enquist Brian J. , Kraft Nathan J.B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLatitudinal and elevational richness gradients have received much attention from ecologists but there is little consensus on underlying causes. One possible proximate cause is increased levels of species turnover, or β diversity, in the tropics compared to temperate regions. Here, we leverage a large botanical dataset to map taxonomic and phylogenetic β diversity, as mean turnover between neighboring 100 × 100 km cells, across the Americas and determine key climatic drivers. We find taxonomic and tip‐weighted phylogenetic β diversity is higher in the tropics, but that basal‐weighted phylogenetic β diversity is highest in temperate regions. Supporting Janzen's ‘mountain passes’ hypothesis, tropical mountainous regions had higher β diversity than temperate regions for taxonomic and tip‐weighted metrics. The strongest climatic predictors of turnover were average temperature and temperature seasonality. Taken together, these results suggest β diversity is coupled to latitudinal richness gradients and that temperature is a major driver of plant community composition and change.
How to define chronic pruritus: Symptom or disease?
Authors: Ständer Sonja 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChronic pruritus (CP) is defined by itching lasting 6 weeks or more and is known to be both a highly prevalent and burdensome symptom of many pruritogenic diseases. Its status as a symptom has many implications mainly that the symptom should evolve and subside with the disease. However, according to the clinical experience, CP often does not parallel the disease course and requires an own management. It is speculated that neuronal sensitization processes take place, which lead to disconnection of the symptom from the underlying disease and establishment of an own course of pruritus. It is thus discussed that pruritus can be both a symptom of diseases and an entity by itself. Further studies are needed to learn more and improve our understanding of this condition. This article compares its role in pruritogenic diseases, encourages discussion on the topic and provides an overview of the proper questions to ask.
Changes in rainfall level and litter stoichiometry affect aquatic community and ecosystem processes in bromeliad phytotelmata
Authors: Benavides‐Gordillo Sandra , Farjalla Vinicius F. , González Angélica L. , Romero Gustavo Q. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Both N deposition and changes in precipitation amount are important components of global change and affect aquatic ecosystem functioning by altering the detrital quality and detrital processing rates by macroinvertebrates and microorganisms. Changes in precipitation pattern can also modify the physical structure of the ecosystem, determining habitat availability for aquatic organisms. Although these drivers can individually affect ecosystem structure and functioning, their interactive effects are poorly understood.

To better understand the combined effects of detritus quality and precipitation regime on the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems we manipulated litter quality, by modifying N:P stoichiometry and rainfall amount on tropical natural aquatic microcosms (water‐holding epiphytic bromeliads). We performed an orthogonal manipulation of litter N:P ratio (natural N:P and high N:P) and rainfall levels (current level and predicted 40% increase for south‐eastern Brazil)

Changes in litter quality affected the abundance of the aquatic organisms inhabiting bromeliads, including algae and bacteria. However, changes in litter quality combined with changes in precipitation levels affected only one group of macroinvertebrates, the Naididae worms (Oligochaeta) an important group of detritivores in the bromeliad systems. These combined drivers also affected the decomposition of organic matter by changing coloured organic matter concentrations, fine particulate matter biomass, and concentrations in bromeliad tanks. The concentration in bromeliad water was positively related with Naididae abundance, suggesting that these worms can act as ecosystem engineers by boosting N cycling. In both N:P treatments we observed a 50% decrease in N flux from litter to bromeliad leaves due to increases in nutrient leaching from the tanks caused by rainfall.

The combined effects of litter quality and changes in precipitation regimes altered the decomposition process and nutrient cycling in tank bromeliads, probably through changes in the abundance of some keystone species (e.g. Naididae). Aquatic macroinvertebrate community structure remained similar after manipulating precipitation, despite changes in the abundance of some species. Although some microorganisms were washed out of the system, their abundance inside the bromeliads remained stable. We conclude that the abundance of individuals belonging to aquatic communities in bromeliad phytotelmata are generally stable and resistant to changes in rainfall levels, but are sensitive to changes in litter quality.

This experiment showed that the interactive effects of increased precipitation and N concentrations differed from the effects of either factor alone. As responses to changes in these factors were complex rather than additive, caution is required in predicting the outcomes of changes in both factors in freshwater ecosystems.
Recombinant factor VIII products and inhibitor development in previously untreated patients with severe haemophilia A: Combined analysis of three studies
Authors: Volkers Peter , Hanschmann Kay‐Martin , Calvez Thierry , Chambost Hervé , Collins Peter W. , Demiguel Virginie , Hart Daniel P. , Hay Charles R.M. , Goudemand Jenny , Ljung Rolf , Palmer Ben P. , Santagostino Elena , van Hardeveld Ella M. , van den Berg Marijke , Keller‐Stanislawski Brigitte 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionStandard treatment of congenital haemophilia A is based on replacement therapy with coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) products. A major complication of FVIII therapy is the occurrence of IgG alloantibodies (inhibitors) that neutralize FVIII activity.AimThe aim of the analysis was estimating the risk of high‐titre inhibitor associated with the second‐generation full‐length product compared to third‐generation full‐length product and other recombinant FVIII (rFVIII).MethodsWe conducted a combined analysis of individual patient data from three large studies in previously untreated patients (PUPs) with severe haemophilia A.ResultsA total of 1109 PUPs were treated from 1993 to 2013 including 787 PUPs treated from 2004 onwards (primary analysis cohort). A total of 322 patients (29.0%) developed an inhibitor, of which 192 (17.3%) a high‐titre inhibitor. In the primary analysis set, 29.9% of patients developed an inhibitor and 17.2% a high‐titre inhibitor. The combined analysis indicated a lower risk of high‐titre inhibitor development for the third‐generation rFVIII product compared to the second‐generation rFVIII product (primary analysis: adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.49 to 1.06). Adjusted HR for all inhibitor development was significantly lower for the third‐generation product compared to the second‐generation product.ConclusionThe trend of an increased risk of inhibitor development in PUPs for one recombinant product illustrates that extrapolation from one recombinant factor VIII product to other products might not be justified.
The effect of Sb2O3 on the properties of micro‐arc oxidation coatings on magnesium alloys
Authors: Wang Ping , Cao Wenjie , Yang Bo , Yang Qiuguo , Pu Jun , Gong Zeyu , Hu Jie , Guo Xiaoyang , Xiang Dong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCoatings incorporated with Sb2O3 were obtained on AZ31B magnesium alloy during micro‐arc oxidation (MAO) by adding Sb2O3 (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 g/L) into the electrolyte. The voltage of MAO process, microstructure, element distribution, thickness, phase analysis, microhardness, adhesion, and corrosion behavior of the coatings were, respectively, investigated. The results showed that the addition of different concentrations of Sb2O3 caused the voltage variation, which resulted in the changes in microstructure, element distribution, and phase composition of coatings, and further led to the improvement of coatings properties. It was found that the addition of Sb2O3 could effectively decrease the breakdown voltage, and made the voltage of micro‐arc oxidation stage change. Moreover, the presence of Sb2O3 influenced surface morphologies of the coatings. Additionally, with the increase in Sb2O3, the microhardness of coatings was 155.2, 199.78, 277.34, 267.53, and 127.93 HV, respectively; these were higher than substrate (68.5 HV). Moreover, the addition of Sb2O3 effectively improved adhesion. As the Sb2O3 increased, the corrosion rate was 2.19 × 10−4, 9.09 × 10−5, 4.10 × 10−5, 2.52 × 10−4, and 2.96 × 10−4 mm/a, respectively, and the corrosion resistance increased first and then decreased with the increase in Sb2O3. In sum, the optimal Sb2O3 concentration was 4 g/L.
Sulfur solubility in low activity waste glass and its correlation to melter tolerance
Authors: Skidmore Chloe H. , Vienna John D. , Jin Tongan , Kim Dongsang , Stanfill Bryan A. , Fox Kevin M. , Kruger Albert A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHanford low‐activity waste (LAW) glasses with high sulfur concentrations are subject to salt segregation in the melter, which hinders melter operation by corroding components and shortening the melter life. To better predict the point at which salt accumulates on the melt surface, the development of sulfate solubility models is needed. Using a sulfur saturation method, crucible scale melts for 13 LAW glasses with varying sulfur solubilities were conducted. The resulting salt and glass compositions were reported and the change in component partitioning following the saturation process was examined to better understand potential changes in overall glass composition. It was shown that both Cr2O3and Cl experience significant losses, with ~28% of Cr2O3partitioning into the salt phase and Cl primarily volatilizing out of the melt (~23% partitioned to salt and ~40% lost as off gas). These patterns can be accounted for during model development. Measured sulfur solubilities were also compared to previously reported data. It was found that crucible sulfur solubility ranged from 0.95 to 2.14 wt% SO3with a high correlation () between crucible solubility and melter tolerance. These results suggest that crucible scale sulfate solubility data can be used to predict SO3tolerance in the melter feed.