bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Far-Field Diverters To Mitigate Parent- and Infill-Well-Fracture Interactions in Shale Formations
Authors: Zhang Junjing , Cramer David D. , McEwen Jamie , White Matt , Bjornen Kevin 
Published: July 2019

Summary
Hydraulic-fracturing treatments in shale infill wells are often impacted by existing parent-well depletion and asymmetrical fracture growth. These phenomena can result in excessive load-water production, deposition of proppant and deformation of casing in the parent well, and unbalanced stimulation of infill wells. This study determines the effectiveness of particulate materials (i.e., far-field diverting agents) for mitigating the above negative outcomes by bridging near the extremities of dominant fracture wings.
Fracture propagation was modeled to characterize the width profile at fracture extremities in a depleted-stress environment. A slotted-disk device was used to evaluate and optimize particulate blends for bridging slots representative of width near the fracture tip. Rheological tests replicating the downhole environment were used to formulate a system for transporting the diverting materials. Statistical analysis of 511 fracture hits at 30 parent wells was performed on key treatment indicators by the category of diverter type and post-hit parent-well condition. Production trends of the influenced wells were compared to area-specific type curves and offset wells without diverter trials.
On the basis of the simulation and testing results, two types of high-graded far-field diverter systems were field-tested in a shale play: dissolvable, extremely fine particulate mixed with a 100-mesh sand, and mixtures of a nominal 325-mesh silica flour and a 100-mesh sand. Proppant dust collected at the fracturing site was also evaluated for replacing commercial silica flour. High-graded blends of the above diverting systems demonstrated superior fracture-hit and productivity metrics as compared to the base case of not applying far-field diverters. The silica flour and 100-mesh-sand mixture performed on a par with the significantly more expensive blend of dissolvable fine particulate and 100-mesh sand. Borate-crosslinked-guar gel was an effective carrying fluid for transporting diverting materials to the fracture extremities.
Statistical analysis of fracture-hit events shows that the application of far-field diverters did not reduce the magnitude of pressure buildups during fracture hits; however, it significantly increases the post-hit pressure-falloff rate at the parent wells. On the basis of the area-specific type curves, pumping far-field diverters increased the P50 estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) by approximately 6% compared with the base cases of not applying diverters. For all the wells impacted by far-field diverters, the infill wells saw larger benefits with an increment of P50 EUR by approximately 7% compared with the parent wells.
The effect of Soft Tissue Manipulation and Rest on Knee Extensor Muscles Fatigue: Do torque Parameters and Induced Perception Following Muscle Fatigue Have Enough Reliability?
Authors: Ghasemi Cobra , Amiri Ali , Sarrafzadeh Javad , Jafari Hasan , Dadgoo Mehdi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

The aim of the study is comparison of the effects of soft tissue manipulation and rest on the knee extensor muscle fatigue after maximal isokinetic contractions.

Methods

Fifteen healthy females aged 20-30 years selected for research. This study implemented a semi-experimental test-retest measurement method. Each of the volunteers was evaluated three sessions. The first session was to familiarize the volunteers with the test and isokinetics. For the main test, each of the volunteers was evaluated twice with a one-week interval between evaluations. In each session, after warm-up, perceived fatigue using a visual analog scale (VAS), average of peak torque (APT), and average power (AP) for maximal concentric isokinetic output of the quadriceps was measured at a velocity of 60 degrees per second. Then¸ in order to apply the fatigue protocol, the subjects were asked to perform successive maximal quadriceps contractions until three consecutive quadriceps torque outputs reached below 50 percent maximal torque output. Afterwards, for remeasurement, the average of peak torque and average power were calculated. The extent of perceived fatigue was evaluated as before. Subjects then either rested or received soft tissue manipulation on the knee extensors for a 15-minute duration. After intervention (soft tissue manipulation or rest) parameters were evaluated for third time.

Results

The stability of average peak torque¸ average power, and visual analog scale before performing fatigue protocol was 85%, 83%, and 31.9%, respectively. The stability after fatigue was 43%, 50%, and 93%, respectively. After maximal fatigue and a decrease in torque output to below 50 percent maximal torque, 15 minutes of soft tissue manipulation could change the APT after fatigue from a mean of 58.3 (nm) to 91.5 (nm), the AP from 39.4 to 63.6 (nm/s), and the VAS from 90.0 to 12 (mm). But 15 minutes of rest could change the APT from 52.5 to 68.1 (nm), the AP from 37.6 to 48 (nm/s) and the VAS from 90.0 to 27.3 (mm).

Conclusion

The study showed that soft tissue manipulation was more effective than rest as a strategy to return muscles to a normal state and caused more relief in perceived fatigue.
The dietary antioxidant quercetin reduces hallmarks of bleomycin-induced lung fibrogenesis in mice
Authors: Boots Agnes Wilhelmina , Veith Carmen , Albrecht Catrin , Bartholome Roger , Drittij Marie Jose , Claessen Sandra , Bast Aalt , Rosenbruch Martin , Jonkers Leonie , Schooten Frederik-Jan van , Schins Roel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, lethal disease of unknown etiology. Current treatment comprises two FDA-approved drugs that can slow down yet not stop or reverse the disease. As IPF pathology is associated with an altered redox balance, adding a redox modulating component to current therapy might exert beneficial effects. Quercetin is a dietary antioxidant with strong redox modulating capacities suggested to exert part of its antioxidative effects via activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate if quercetin can exert anti-fibrotic effects in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrogenesis through Nrf2-dependent restoration of redox imbalance.

Methods

Homozygous Nrf2 deficient mice and their wildtype littermates were fed a control diet without or with 800 mg/kg quercetin from 7 days prior to a single 1 µg/2µl per g BW bleomycin challenge until they were sacrificed 14 days afterwards. Lung tissue and plasma were collected to determine markers of fibrosis (expression of extracellular matrix genes and histopathology), inflammation (pulmonary gene expression and plasma levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNFα) and Keratinocyte Chemoattrachtant (KC)), and redox balance (pulmonary gene expression of antioxidants and malondialdehyde-dG (MDA)- DNA adducts).

Results

Mice fed the enriched diet had significantly enhanced plasma and pulmonary quercetin levels (11.08 ± 0.73 µM versus 7.05 ± 0.2 µM) combined with increased pulmonary expression of Nrf2 and Nrf2-responsive genes compared to mice fed the control diet. Upon bleomycin treatment, quercetin-fed mice displayed reduced expression of collagen (COL1A2) and fibronectin (FN1) and a tendency of reduced inflammatory lesions (2.8 ± 0.7 versus 1.9 ± 0.8). These beneficial effects were accompanied by reduced pulmonary gene expression of TNFα and KC, but not their plasma levels, and enhanced Nrf2-induced pulmonary antioxidant defences. In Nrf2 deficient mice, no effect of the dietary antioxidant on either histology or inflammatory lesions was observed.

Conclusion

Quercetin exerts anti-fibrogenic and anti-inflammatory effects on bleomycin-induced pulmonary damage in mice possibly through modulation of the redox balance by inducing Nrf2. However, quercetin could not rescue the bleomycin-induced pulmonary damage indicating that quercetin alone cannot ameliorate the progression of IPF.
The effectiveness of using ECG teletransmission during emergency medical team interventions
Authors: Ilczak Tomasz P , Kawecki Marek Stanisław , Mikulska Monika , Bobiński Rafał , Ćwiertnia Michał Tomasz , Waksmańska Wioletta 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

To determine the importance of ECG teletransmission on the time required for decisions on diagnosis and treatment and the transport of patients with myocardial infarction.

Methods

This study is retrospective in character and concerns the regional activities of the Bielsko Emergency Medical Services and the possibility of sending medical data electronically from a patient’s location to the clinic of interventional cardiology (CIC). Group A (n=237) included patients in whom the Medical Response Team confirmed an ST-ACS and carried out an ECG with data teletransmission to the CIC. Group B (n=101) included patients in whom the Medical Response Team confirmed an ST-ACS and carried out an ECG without teletransmission. For both groups, the Medical Response Team recorded the time of arrival at the patient’s location and the time when the patient was handed over to the CIC.

Results

A group of 638 patients were identified in whom the chest pain was of cardiac origin. Of these patients, 338 were identified as patients with diagnosed ST-ACS. A significant dependence was demonstrated of the time t [mins] of teletransmission (p=0.00308). A significant dependence was demonstrated of the effect of distance s [kms] (p=0.00000). A significant dependence was demonstrated of the time t from the place of residence, taking into account the distance s (p=0.00929).

Conclusion

Using ECG teletransmission in pre-hospital procedures shortens the time for diagnosis and transport of patients with ST-ACS, and thus improves the results of treatment.
Nutrition education and cooking workshops for families of children with cancer: a feasibility study
Authors: Beaulieu-Gagnon Sabrina , Bélanger Véronique , Meloche Caroline , Curnier Daniel , Sultan Serge , Laverdière Caroline , Sinnett Daniel , Marcil Valérie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Perturbations of food intake are common in children with cancer and are often caused by changes in the sense of taste and nausea. The VIE (Valorization, Implication, Education) project proposes family-based nutrition and cooking education workshops during the cancer treatments. Process evaluation during implementation allows to assess if the intervention was delivered as planned and to determine its barriers and facilitators. The objective was to describe the implementation process of a nutrition education and cooking workshop program for families of children during active treatment of cancer in a non-randomized non-controlled feasibility study.

Methods

Six open-to-all in-hospital workshops were offered on a weekly basis during a one-year implementation phase. Multiple data collection methods were used including field notes, survey, questionnaires and activity reports. Data were collected from the facilitator and families from the Division of Hematology-Oncology. Survey respondents were mostly mothers (n=19, 73%) and the mean time since child’s diagnosis was 7.98 (± 0.81) months. Qualitative data were codified using hybrid content analysis. The first deductive analysis was based on the Steckler & Linnan concepts. Subthemes were then identified inductively. Quantitative data were presented with descriptive statistics.

Results

Attendance was low and 71% of the planned workshops were cancelled. The principal barriers to participation referred the child’s medical condition, parental presence at the child’s bedside and challenges related to logistics and time management. The level of interest in the topics addressed was found high or very high for 92% of the participants. The themes that were perceived as the most useful by parents were related to the child’ specific medical condition.

Conclusions

Despite high interest, workshops in a face-to-face format are poorly feasible in the context of pediatric oncology. Web-based video is a promising avenue to increase accessibility of the nutritional information provided in the workshops. According to our results, the workshops are now offered online as short video capsules. We believe that this will address the barriers encountered by families, provide a better access to information and evaluate of the impact of the intervention.
Key words: nutrition workshops, culinary demonstration, process evaluation, childhood cancer, parents
Comparative transcriptomics of stem bark reveals genes associated with bast fiber development in Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud (ramie)
Authors: Xie Jiyong , Li Jiaqi , Jie Yucheng , Xie Deyu , Yang Di , Shi Huazhong , Zhong Yingli 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud (Ramie) produces one of the longest natural fibers in nature. The bark of ramie is the raw material for fiber and primarily includes the entire phloem tissue of the plant stem. Therefore, identifying the molecular regulation of phloem development is important for the understanding of bast fiber biosynthesis and improvement in fiber quality in ramie.
Results: In this study, we collected top bud (TB), bark from internode elongating region (ER) and bark from internode fully elongated region (FER) from the ramie variety Zhongzhu No. 1. Histological study indicated that these samples contain phloem tissues at different developmental and maturation stages, with a higher degree of maturation of phloem tissue in FER. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among these three samples. The de novo transcriptome was assembled and unigenes were identified. The DEGs among TB, ER and FER were analyzed, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) studies revealed clear differences in gene expression between ER and FER. Some unigenes for secondary cell wall biosynthesis were up-regulated in both ER and FER, and other cell wall components or cell wall modification related genes showed differential expression between ER and FER. In addition, ethylene activating pathway and gibberellins biosynthesis varied among samples in a stage dependent pattern.
Conclusions: Both morphological study and gene expression analysis supported a burst of phloem and vascular development processes during the fiber maturation in the ramie stem. Two types of phytohormons, ethylene and gibberellin, might be involved in. Our findings provide novel insights into the phloem development and fiber maturation in ramie, which could be useful for fiber improvement in ramie and other fiber crops.
Heart Failure Management Insights from Primary Care Physicians and Allied Health Care Providers in Southwestern Ontario
Authors: Silva Narlon C Boa Sorte , Pulford Roseanne W , Lee Douglas S. , Petrella Robert J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

It remains to be determined whether collaborative strategies to improve and sustain overall health in patients with heart failure (HF) are currently being adopted by health care professionals. We surveyed primary care physicians, nurses and allied health care professionals in Southwestern Ontario regarding how they currently manage HF patients and how they perceive limitations, barriers and challenges in achieving optimal management in these patients.

Methods

We developed an online survey based on field expertise and a review of pertinent literature in HF management. We analyzed quantitative data collected via an online questionnaire powered by Qualtrics®. The survey included 87 items, including multiple choice and free text questions. We collected participant demographic and educational background, and information relating to general clinical practice and specific to HF management. The survey was 25 minutes long and was administered in October and November of 2018

Results

We included 118 health care professionals from network lists of affiliated physicians and clinics of the department of Family Medicine at Western University; 88.1% (n=104) were physicians while 11.9% (n=14) were identified as other health care professionals. Two-thirds of our respondents were females (n=72) and nearly one-third were males (n=38). The survey included mostly family physicians (n=74) and family medicine residents (n=25). Most respondents indicated co-managing their HF patients with other health care professionals, including cardiologists and internists. The vast majority of respondents reported preferring to manage their HF patients as part of a team rather than alone. As well, the majority respondents (n=47) indicated being satisfied with the way they currently manage their HF patients; however, some indicated that practice set up and communication resources, followed by experience and education relating to HF guidelines, current drug therapy and medical management were important barriers to optimal management of HF patients.

Consultations

Most respondents indicated HF management was satisfactory, however, a minority did identify some areas for improvement (communication systems, work more collaborative as a team, education resources and access to specialists). Future research should consider these factors in developing strategies to enhance primary care involvement in co-management of HF patients, within collaborative and multidisciplinary systems of care.
Development and psychometric properties of the Mothers' Sex Education Ability Questionnaire (SEDA)
Authors: Sarikhani Maryam , Montazeri Ali , salehi leili 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Preschool sex education can prevent sexual abuse and promote the sexual health and well-being in children. Mothers have vital role in this regard. This study was conducted to develop and psychometrically evaluate an instrument for assessing mothers’ sexual education ability.

Methods

The study included two phases: qualitative ad quantitative. In qualitative phase, a sample of mothers who had a child aged 3-5 years old in nursery schools was interviewed in order to generate an item pool. Then preliminary questionnaire was provided. Consequently, content and face validity were assessed. Finally, a qualitative study was conducted and sample of women completed the questionnaire to explore the factor structure of the instrument. Reliability (internal consistency and stability), was also evaluated using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient.

Results

A 51-items questionnaire was developed during the qualitative phase. After content and face validity, the items were decreased to 48. Then 250 women completed the questionnaire. The results obtained from explanatory factor analysis indicated a five-factor solution (attitudes, skills, cognitive issues, situational consideration) that jointly accounted for 87.5% variance observed. The Cronbach's alpha for 5 factors ranged from 0.68 to 0.96 and the stability of the questionnaire varied from 0.80 to 0.82. During the quantitative phase overall 9 items were removed and the final instruments consisted of 46 items.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that the Mothers' Sex Education Ability Questionnaire (SEDA is a valid and reliable questionnaire. It is simple and easily scored and compromises significant concept for assessing mother’s sexual education ability.
Detecting influenza and emerging avian influenza virus by influenza and pneumonia surveillance systems in a large city in China, 2005 to 2016
Authors: Guo Xiaorong , Yang Dong , Liu Ruchun , Li Yaman , Hu Qingqing , Ma Xinrui , Li Yelan , Zhang Heng , Zhang Xixing , Zhao Benhua , Chen Tianmu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Detecting avian influenza virus has become an important public health strategy for controlling the emerging infectious disease.
METHODS: The HIS (hospital information system) modified influenza surveillance system (ISS) and a newly built pneumonia surveillance system (PSS) were used to monitor the viruses in Changsha City, China. The ISS was used to monitor outpatients in two sentinel hospitals to detect mild influenza and avian influenza cases, and PSS was used to monitor inpatients in all 49 hospitals to detect severe and death influenza cases.
RESULTS: From 2005 to 2016, 3,551,917 outpatients were monitored by the ISS system, among whom 126,076 were influenza-like illness (ILI) cases, with the ILI proportion (ILI%) of 3.55%. After the HIS was used, the reported incident cases of ILI and ILI% increased significantly. From March, 2009 to September, 2016, 5,491,560 inpatient cases were monitored by the PSS system, among which 362,743 were pneumonia cases, with a proportion of 6.61%. About 10.55% (38,260/362,743) of cases reported on pneumonia were severe or death cases. The incidence of pneumonia increased each year in the city. Of 15 avian influenza cases reported from January, 2005 to September, 2016, there were 26.7% (4/15) mild cases detected by the HIS-modified ISS system, while 60.0% (9/15) were severe or death cases detected by the PSS system. Two H5N1 severe cases were missed by the ISS system in January, 2009 when the PSS system was not available.
CONCLUSIONS: The HIS was able to improve the efficiency of the ISS for monitoring ILI and emerging avian influenza virus. However, the efficiency of the system needs to be verified in a wider area for a longer time span in China.
Prevalence and clinical impact of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Roca-Oporto Cristina , Cebrero-Cangueiro Tania , Gil-Marqués María Luisa , Labrador-Herrera Gema , Smani Younes , González-Roncero Francisco M. , Marín-Gómez Luis Miguel , Pachón Jerónimo , Pachón-Ibáñez Maria Eugenia , Cordero Elisa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: S. pneumoniae is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia in the solid organ transplant recipient (SOTR); nevertheless, the prevalence of colonization and of the colonizing/infecting serotypes has not been studied in this population. In this context, the aim of the present study was to describe the rate, characteristics, and clinical impact of S. pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage.
Methods: A prospective observational cohort of Solid Organ Transplant recipients (SOTR) was held at the University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain with the aim to evaluate the S. pneumoniae colonization and the serotype prevalence in SOTR. Two different pharyngeal swabs samples from 500 patients were included in two different seasonal periods winter and spring/summer. Optochin and bile solubility tests were performed for the isolation of thew strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility studies (MICs, mg/l) of levofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, penicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, azithromycin and vancomycin for each isolate were determined by E-test strips. Capsular typing was done by sequential multiplex PCR reactions. A multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors potentially associated with pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage and disease was performed. Results: Twenty-six (5.6%) and fifteen (3.2%) patients were colonized in winter and spring/summer periods, respectively. Colonized SOT recipients compared to non-colonized patients were more frequently men (79.5% vs. 63.1%, P<0.05) and cohabitated regularly with children (59% vs. 32.2%, P<0.001). The most prevalent serotype in both studied periods was 35B. Forty-five percent of total isolates were included in the pneumococcal vaccine PPV23. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and macrolides were the less active antibiotics. Three patients had non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, and two of them died.
Conclusions: Pneumococcal colonization in SOTR is low with the most colonizing serotypes not included in the pneumococcal vaccines.