bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GPU-Accelerated GLRLM Algorithm for Feature Extraction of MRI
Authors: Zhang Hanyu , Hung Che-Lun , Min Geyong , Guo Jhih-Peng , Liu Meiyuan , Hu Xiaoye 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe gray level run length matrix (GLRLM) whose entries are statistics recording distribution and relationship of images pixels is a widely used method for extracting statistical features for medical images, e.g., magnetic resonance (MR) images. Recently these features are usually employed in some artificial neural networks to identify and distinguish texture patterns. But GLRLM construction and features extraction are tedious and computationally intensive while the images are too big with high resolution, or there are too many small or intermediate Regions of Interest (ROI) to process in a single image, which makes the preprocess a time consuming stage. Hence, it is of great importance to accelerate the procedure which is nowadays possible with the rapid development of massively parallel Graphics Processing Unit, i.e. the GPU computing technology. In this article, we propose a new paradigm based on mature parallel primitives for generating GLRLMs and extracting multiple features for many ROIs simultaneously in a single image. Experiments show that such a paradigm is easy to implement and offers an acceleration over 5 fold increase in speed than an optimized serial counterpart.
Stochastic modeling of phenotypic switching and chemoresistance in cancer cell populations
Authors: Kumar Niraj , Cramer Gwendolyn M. , Dahaj Seyed Alireza Zamani , Sundaram Bala , Celli Jonathan P. , Kulkarni Rahul V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPhenotypic heterogeneity in cancer cells is widely observed and is often linked to drug resistance. In several cases, such heterogeneity in drug sensitivity of tumors is driven by stochastic and reversible acquisition of a drug tolerant phenotype by individual cells even in an isogenic population. Accumulating evidence further suggests that cell-fate transitions such as the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) are associated with drug resistance. In this study, we analyze stochastic models of phenotypic switching to provide a framework for analyzing cell-fate transitions such as EMT as a source of phenotypic variability in drug sensitivity. Motivated by our cell-culture based experimental observations connecting phenotypic switching in EMT and drug resistance, we analyze a coarse-grained model of phenotypic switching between two states in the presence of cytotoxic stress from chemotherapy. We derive analytical results for time-dependent probability distributions that provide insights into the rates of phenotypic switching and characterize initial phenotypic heterogeneity of cancer cells. The results obtained can also shed light on fundamental questions relating to adaptation and selection scenarios in tumor response to cytotoxic therapy.
First report of anatoxin-a producing cyanobacteria in Australia illustrates need to regularly up-date monitoring strategies in a shifting global distribution
Authors: John Nijoy , Baker Louise , Ansell Brendan R. E. , Newham Steven , Crosbie Nicholas D. , Jex Aaron R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRoutine monitoring of toxic cyanobacteria depends on up-to-date epidemiological information about their distribution. In Australia, anatoxin producing cyanobacteria are not regularly tested for and thought to be rare if not absent from the continent. Our study investigated the presence of anatoxin-a (ATX-a) producing cyanobacteria in surface water samples (n = 226 from 67 sampling locations) collected from 2010 to 2017 across the state of Victoria, Australia. We (1) detected the presence and distribution of anaC (anatoxin-a synthetase C) gene sequences previously associated with various cyanobacteria, including Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi, Aphanizomenon sp., D. circinale, Anabaena sp., and Oscillatoria sp., from 31 sampling locations, and (2) determined the concentration of ATX-a in samples tested using ELISA, in two instances detected at >4 µg · L−1. These data present the first confirmation of ATX-a producers in Australia. Our study indicates that ATX-a should be included in regular testing of cyanobacterial blooms in Australia and highlights the importance of regular investigation of the distributions of toxic cyanobacteria worldwide, particularly amid the known expanding distribution of many cyanobacterial taxa in a period of increased eutrophication and rising surface water temperatures.
A chemical speciation insight into the palladium(ii) uptake and metabolism by Sinapis alba. Exposure to Pd induces the synthesis of a Pd–histidine complex
Authors: Kińska Katarzyna , Bierla Katarzyna , Godin Simon , Preud'homme Hugues , Kowalska Joanna , Krasnodębska-Ostręga Beata , Lobinski Ryszard , Szpunar Joanna 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Palladium is recognized as a technologically critical element (TCE) because of its massive use in automobile exhaust gas catalytic converters. The release of Pd into the environment in the form of nanoparticles of various size and chemical composition requires an understanding of their metabolism by leaving organisms. We provide here for the first time a chemical speciation insight into the identity of the ligands produced or used by a plant Sinapis alba L. exposed in hydropony to Pd nanoparticles and soluble Pd (nitrate). The analytical method developed was based on the concept of 2D HPLC with parallel inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) and electrospray MS detection. Size exclusion chromatography – ICP MS of the plant extracts showed no difference between the speciation of Pd after the exposure to nanoparticles and after that to Pd2+ which indicated the reactivity and dissolution of Pd nanoparticles. A comparative investigation of the Pd speciation in a control plant extract spiked with Pd2+ and of an extract of a plant having metabolized palladium indicated the response of the Sinapis alba by the formation of a Pd–histidine complex. The complex was identified via Orbitrap MS; the HPLC-MS chromatogram produced two peaks at m/z 415.0341 each corresponding to a Pd–His2 complex. An investigation by ion-mobility MS revealed a difference in their collision cross section indicating that the complexes present varied in terms of spatial conformation. A number of other Pd complexes with different ligands (including nicotianamine) circulating in the plant were detected but these ligands were already observed in a control plant and their concentrations were not affected by the exposure to Pd.
Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) modifies energy metabolism via 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase signalling in malignant cells
Authors: Austin James A. , Jenkins Rosalind E. , Austin Gemma M. , Glenn Mark A. , Dunn Karen , Scott Laura , Lucas Claire M. , Clark Richard E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is an adverse biomarker across many malignancies. Using K562 cells engineered to have high or low CIP2A expression, we show that high CIP2A levels significantly bias cellular energy production towards oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) rather than glycolysis. Mass spectrometric analysis of CIP2A interactors and isobaric tagging for relative and absolute protein quantitation (ITRAQ) experiments identified many associated proteins, several of which co-vary with CIP2A level. Many of these CIP2A associating and co-varying proteins are involved in energy metabolism including OXPHOS, or in 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling, and manipulating AMPK activity mimics the effects of low/high CIP2A on OXPHOS. These effects are dependent on the availability of nutrients, driven by metabolic changes caused by CIP2A. CIP2A level did not affect starvation-induced AMPK phosphorylation of Unc-51 autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK-1) at Ser555, but autophagy activity correlated with an increase in AMPK activity, to suggest that some AMPK processes are uncoupled by CIP2A, likely via its inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). The data demonstrate that AMPK mediates this novel CIP2A effect on energy generation in malignant cells.
Microtubules in cell migration
Authors: Garcin Clare , Straube Anne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDirected cell migration is critical for embryogenesis and organ development, wound healing and the immune response. Microtubules are dynamic polymers that control directional migration through a number of coordinated processes: microtubules are the tracks for long-distance intracellular transport, crucial for delivery of new membrane components and signalling molecules to the leading edge of a migrating cell and the recycling of adhesion receptors. Microtubules act as force generators and compressive elements to support sustained cell protrusions. The assembly and disassembly of microtubules is coupled to Rho GTPase signalling, thereby controlling actin polymerisation, myosin-driven contractility and the turnover of cellular adhesions locally. Cross-talk of actin and microtubule dynamics is mediated through a number of common binding proteins and regulators. Furthermore, cortical microtubule capture sites are physically linked to focal adhesions, facilitating the delivery of secretory vesicles and efficient cross-talk. Here we summarise the diverse functions of microtubules during cell migration, aiming to show how they contribute to the spatially and temporally coordinated sequence of events that permit efficient, directional and persistent migration.
Variant calling and quality control of large-scale human genome sequencing data
Authors: Jew Brandon , Sul Jae Hoon 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Next-generation sequencing has allowed genetic studies to collect genome sequencing data from a large number of individuals. However, raw sequencing data are not usually interpretable due to fragmentation of the genome and technical biases; therefore, analysis of these data requires many computational approaches. First, for each sequenced individual, sequencing data are aligned and further processed to account for technical biases. Then, variant calling is performed to obtain information on the positions of genetic variants and their corresponding genotypes. Quality control (QC) is applied to identify individuals and genetic variants with sequencing errors. These procedures are necessary to generate accurate variant calls from sequencing data, and many computational approaches have been developed for these tasks. This review will focus on current widely used approaches for variant calling and QC.
Bayesian place recognition based on bag of objects for intelligent vehicle localisation
Authors: Wang Xianglong , Hu Zhaozheng , Tao Qianwen , Huang Gang , Mu Mengchao 
Published: July 2019

Place recognition matches a corresponding image from a pre‐built image sequence, and it plays an important role in visual map‐based vehicle localisation. This study proposes a Bayesian place recognition (BPR) algorithm based on a bag of objects (BoO). The proposed BoO is superior to the classic bag of words (BoW), with a faster speed and greater robustness for scene representation. Like BoW, BoO uses object probabilities computed from the pre‐trained AlexNet to construct a histogram‐like vector called the BoO feature. A small portion of objects, named dominant objects, are computed from map data to reduce the storage requirement. The BoO feature is used to describe the scene image similarity. Owing to the excellent recognition performance of AlexNet, the BoO feature is robust to dynamic illumination environments. With BoO, the BPR model is employed to fuse appearance feature and motion clue for place recognition. Moreover, a multi‐scale localisation strategy is developed to improve the place recognition efficiency. The proposed method was tested with the collected data and the KITTI datasets. The method achieved 0.37 frame errors, taking an average of 4.7 ms for place recognition. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method outperforms the classic BoW and binary BoW.
Temperature impacts on the performance parameters of grid‐connected PV systems based on field measurements in Palestine
Authors: Omar Moien Ali , Mahmoud Marwan M. 
Published: July 2019

This study presents the temperature impacts on the performance parameters of PV systems based on measurements of two grid‐connected PV systems installed at different climatic locations in Palestine. PV system‐1 is installed in the northern West Bank, where the measured maximum module temperature varies during system operation from 30.5°C in winter to 52.5°C in summer, while PV system‐2 is installed in the Jordan Valley, where the maximum module temperature varies from 35.5°C in winter to 62.6°C in summer. Measurements of a complete year obtained from PV system‐1 of 4.2 kWp are analysed to show the negative effect of temperature on the performance parameters of the PV system. At solar radiation of 800 W/m2, the output power varies from 3.0 kW in the cold month of December to 2.7 kW in the hot month of July. The efficiency and the performance ratio dropped from 13.1 to 11.75% and from 93 to 84% between December and July, respectively, due to the higher ambient temperature during the summer months. The measured annual final yield amounts to 1641.1 kWh/kWp and the annual capacity factor amounts to 18.71%. The measured drop in voltage according to module temperature in PV system‐2 amounts to 1.93 mV/°C‐Cell.
HR 10: a main-sequence binary with circumstellar envelopes around both components
Authors: Montesinos B. , Eiroa C. , Lillo-Box J. , Rebollido I. , Djupvik A. A. , Absil O. , Ertel S. , Marion L. , Kajava J. J. E. , Redfield S. , Isaacson H. , Cánovas H. , Meeus G. , Mendigutía I. , Mora A. , Rivière-Marichalar P. , Villaver E. , Maldonado J. , Henning T. 
Published: July 2019

Context.This paper is framed within a large project devoted to studying the presence of circumstellar material around main sequence stars, and looking for exocometary events. The work concentrates on HR 10 (A2 IV/V), known for its conspicuous variability in the circumstellar narrow absorption features of Ca IIK and other lines, so far interpreted asβPic-like phenomena, within the falling evaporating body scenario.Aims.The main goal of this paper is to carry out a thorough study of HR 10 to find the origin of the observed variability, determine the nature of the star, its absolute parameters, and evolutionary status.Methods.Interferometric near-infrared (NIR) observations, multi-epoch high-resolution optical spectra spanning a time baseline of more than 32 yr, and optical and NIR photometry, together with theoretical modelling, were used to tackle the above objectives.Results.Our results reveal that HR 10 is a binary. The narrow circumstellar absorption features superimposed on the photospheric Ca IIK lines – and lines of other species – can be decomposed into two or more components, the two deep ones tracing the radial velocity of the individual stars, which implies that their origin cannot be ascribed to transient exocometary events, their variability being fully explained by the binarity of the object. There does not appear to be transient events associated with potential exocomets. Each individual star holds its own circumstellar shell and there are no traces of a circumbinary envelope. Finally, the combined use of the interferometric and radial velocity data leads to a complete spectrometric and orbital solution for the binary, the main parameters being: an orbital period of 747.6 days, eccentricities of the orbits around the centre of mass 0.25 (HR 10-A), 0.21 (HR 10-B) and a mass ratio ofq=MB∕MA= 0.72–0.84. The stars are slightly off the main sequence, the binary being ~530 Myr old.
Dyspnoe aufgrund eines Fremdkörper-Embolisats nach perkutaner Vertebroplastie
Authors: Bauer Marcus , Kröger Ulrike , Lenga Peter 
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese und klinischer Befund Notfallmäßige Vorstellung eines 66-jährigen Mannes in der interdisziplinären Notaufnahme aufgrund rechtsseitiger und z. T. atemabhängiger Thoraxschmerzen. Die Beschwerden bestanden seit mehreren Tagen und hatten einen progredienten Charakter. Purulenter Auswurf und Fieber wurden verneint. Anamnestisch war eine COPD mit gelegentlichen pulmonalen Exazerbationen bekannt. Mehrere Wochen vor dem aktuellen Ereignis war eine ambulant erworbene Pneumonie antibiotisch therapiert worden. Zudem berichtete der Patient über mehrere operative Eingriffe im Bereich der Wirbelsäule in den letzten Monaten.
Untersuchungen und Diagnose In der transthorakalen Echokardiografie (TTE) Nachweis eines Fremdkörpers (Palacos) im rechten Ventrikel, welcher sich in der ergänzenden CT-Untersuchung des Thorax und der transösophagealen Echokardiografie (TEE) als eine Zahnstocher-ähnliche Struktur bestätigte.
Therapie und Verlauf Extraktion des Fremdkörpers mittels rechtsanteriorer Mini-Thorakotomie. In der Folge Ausbildung eines iatrogenen Pneumothorax mit beidseitiger nosokomialer Pneumonie und Drainagenversorgung. Nach kurzfristiger Rekonvaleszenz erneute Wiedervorstellung mit beidseitigen pulmonalen Infiltraten. Unter invasiver Beatmung erneute Diagnose eines linksseitigen Pneumothorax, welcher mit einer Bülau-Drainage versorgt wurde. Aufgrund des Nachweises von positiven Blutkulturen erneute Durchführung einer TEE-Untersuchung. Erstdiagnose einer Trikuspidalklappenendokarditis. Trotz eines erfolgreichen operativen biologischen Trikuspidalklappenersatzes mit Anlage einer epikardialen Schrittmacherelektrode verstarb der Patient ungefähr ein ¾ Jahr, nachdem er wegen einer Dyspnoe-Symptomatik notfallmäßig vorstellig wurde.
Diskussion Dieser Fall zeigt, dass eine typische klinische Symptomatik, die mit einer vorbekannten chronischen Erkrankung assoziiert ist, immer wieder an andere und seltenere Erkrankungen denken lassen muss. Auch alltägliche diagnostische und therapeutische Verfahren sind mit einem Restrisiko möglicher Komplikationen behaftet.
In Vitro Modulation of Glibenclamide Transport by P-glycoprotein Inhibitory Antidiabetic African Plant Extracts
Authors: Ezuruike Udoamaka F. , Chieli Elisabetta , Prieto Jose M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe rise of diabetes incidence in Nigeria enhances the use of popular remedies that may interact with conventional therapies. The aqueous extracts of 27 popular Nigerian “antidiabetic” plants were tested for their in vitro effects on glutathione levels within HepG2 cells, P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated Rh-123 efflux activity in Caco-2 vincristine-resistant cells, and modulation of glibenclamide transport in Caco-2 monolayers. The extract from Ximenia americana significantly depleted intracellular glutathione at 100 µg/mL similarly to the reference buthionine sulphoximine (p < 0.05). Other 10 extracts raised glutathione levels. Eight extracts inhibiting P-gp efflux in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.01) were selected for further evaluation in a bi-directional transport model across Caco-2 monolayers: Annona senegalensis, Bridellia ferruginea, Cassytha filiformis, Daniellia ogea, Khaya ivorensis, Syzygium guineense, Terminalia avicennioides, and X. americana. When interferences in paracellular transport were discarded, only 3 of them may be modulating the efflux ratio of glibenclamide (efflux ratio: 2.65 ± 0.13) in the same manner the reference drug verapamil (efflux ratio: 1.14 ± 0.25, p < 0.01) does: Syzygium guineense (efflux ratio: 1.70 ± 0.23, p < 0.01), Terminalia avicennioides (efflux ratio: 1.80 ± 0.25, p < 0.05), and X. americana (efflux ratio: 1.66 ± 0.10, p < 0.01). HPLC-UV analyses for P-gp inhibitors in these extracts revealed several phenolic compounds such as rutin, gallic acid, and ellagic acid reported to decrease P-gp expression and/or directly modify its function. In conclusion, some popular herbal medicines used by Nigerian diabetic patients are here shown to potentially affect glibenclamide absorption at concentrations that could be reached in the intestinal tract.
Lung Ultrasound: A New Tool in the Management of Congenital Lung Malformation
Authors: Quercia Michele , Panza Raffaella , Calderoni Grazia , Di Mauro Antonio , Laforgia Nicola 
Published: July 2019

Objective This study was aimed to evaluate effectiveness of lung ultrasound (LUS) in the management of congenital pulmonary airway malformation and pulmonary sequestration in NICUs.
Study Design This is a nonconsecutive case series of neonates admitted to the academic NICU of Policlinico of Bari, Italy, from 2010 to 2018, for suspected lung malformations and examined by LUS.
Results Seven neonates were admitted for suspected pulmonary malformations, four neonates were diagnosed with pulmonary sequestration and three with congenital pulmonary airway malformation either type I (two cases) or type II (one case) according to Adzick classification. Prenatal scans had described lung malformations in six patients. Two underwent surgical intervention during the 1st month of life. All were successfully discharged home and their follow-up has been uneventful thereafter. In all the seven neonates, LUS easily detected the lesion showing a significantly high correspondence with computed tomography (CT) scan findings.
Conclusion We described the first case series of neonates affected by complex pulmonary malformations, assessed by LUS. In our experience, LUS was safe and effective for the diagnosis with high degree of consistency with CT scan findings. We suggest that LUS might be an important diagnostic method for lung malformations in newborns and a useful technique for their follow-up and late management, avoiding multiple exposures to radiations.
Neonatal Encephalopathy and SIADH during RSV Infection
Authors: Picone Simonetta , Mondì Vito , Di Palma Federico , Martini Ludovica , Paolillo Piermichele 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objective This report discusses the neurological involvement in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in neonates.
Study Design We present a case report of a 2-month-old infant affected by a bronchiolitis RSV-positive, with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) correlated seizure and encephalopathy.
Results RSV infection can be associated as a serious disease in newborns involving the central nervous system (CNS) and causing seizures or acute encephalopathy. RSV may be also responsible for SIADH and seizures associated with hyponatremia. The RSV related encephalopathy could be caused by different mechanisms, such as direct viral invasion of the CNS or by indirect mechanism mediated by inflammatory cytokines. In addition, it can be favored by severe hyponatremia and SIADH that can cause cerebral edema. Some studies highlight that this virus-related encephalopathy lead to sudden infant death syndrome.
Conclusion In presence of neurological involvement during RSV-infection must be taken in consideration to performing instrumental test to detect cerebral edema. In addiction could be useful to dose inflammatory cytokines, and to consider the immune-modulatory therapy.
The rhetorical use of political metaphor before, during and after the presidency
Authors: Borčić Nikolina , Čulo Ivona 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the ways in which politicians, depending on their political position, employ political metaphors as a tool to create a public image. Therefore, the use of political metaphors is analyzed through the prism of synergies of political topics, rhetorical strategies of evaluation and the use of personification. The research has been conducted on the sample of political interviews with the former Croatian President Ivo Josipović in a weekly talk show Nedjeljom u dva (Two o’clock on Sunday), aired on Croatian Television’s first TV channel. The analysis was based on making a distinction between the political phases of the chosen politician (presidential candidate, elected president, former president and politician). The aim of the paper was to point out how the same politician used the same source domain in an interrelation with the topic and as support for different argument functions. The results suggest that differentiating between political roles enable a view on how this particular politician frames his political debate depending on his function and goals.