bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Divided Within Itself’: The Parliamentary Labour ‘Right’ and the Demise of Post‐War Revisionist Social Democracy in the 1970s
Authors: Meredith Stephen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe article seeks to identify a neglected dimension of the ‘crisis’ and schism of British social democracy in the 1970s from within the ranks of the parliamentary Labour ‘right’ itself. Accounts of the so‐called ‘Labour right’ and its influential revisionist social democratic tradition have emphasized its generic cohesion and uniformity over contextual analysis of its inherent intellectual, ideological and political range and diversity. The article seeks to evaluate differential responses of Labour's ‘right‐wing’ and revisionist tendency as its loosely cohesive framework of Keynesian social democracy imploded in the 1970s, as a means of demonstrating its relative incoherence and fragmentation. The ‘crisis of social democracy’ revealed much more starkly its complex, heterogeneous character, irremediably ‘divided within itself’ over a range of critical political and policy themes and the basis of social democratic political philosophy itself. The article argues that it was its own wider political fragmentation and ideological introspection in the face of the ‘crisis’ of its historic ‘belief system’ which led to the fracture of Labour's ‘dominant coalition’ and the rupture of British social democracy.
DCC‐related developmental effects of abused‐ versus therapeutic‐like amphetamine doses in adolescence
Authors: Cuesta Santiago , Restrepo‐Lozano José Maria , Popescu Christina , He Susan , Reynolds Lauren M. , Israel Sonia , Hernandez Giovanni , Rais Rana , Slusher Barbara S. , Flores Cecilia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe guidance cue receptor DCC controls mesocortical dopamine development in adolescence. Repeated exposure to an amphetamine regimen of 4 mg/kg during early adolescence induces, in male mice, downregulation of DCC expression in dopamine neurons by recruiting the Dcc microRNA repressor, microRNA‐218 (miR‐218). This adolescent amphetamine regimen also disrupts mesocortical dopamine connectivity and behavioral control in adulthood. Whether low doses of amphetamine in adolescence induce similar molecular and developmental effects needs to be established. Here, we quantified plasma amphetamine concentrations in early adolescent mice following a 4 or 0.5 mg/kg dose and found peak levels corresponding to those seen in humans following recreational and therapeutic settings, respectively. In contrast to the high doses, the low amphetamine regimen does not alter Dcc mRNA or miR‐218 expression; instead, it upregulates DCC protein levels. Furthermore, high, but not low, drug doses downregulate the expression of the DCC receptor ligand, Netrin‐1, in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex. Exposure to the low‐dose regimen did not alter the expanse of mesocortical dopamine axons or their number/density of presynaptic sites in adulthood. Strikingly, adolescent exposure to the low‐dose drug regimen does not impair behavioral inhibition in adulthood; instead, it induces an overall increase in performance in a go/no‐go task. These results show that developmental consequences of exposure to therapeutic‐ versus abused‐like doses of amphetamine in adolescence have dissimilar molecular signatures and opposite behavioral effects. These findings have important clinical relevance since amphetamines are widely used for therapeutic purposes in youth.
Laparoscopic decision‐making concerning the repair area for traumatic abdominal wall pseudohernia: A case report
Authors: Kaiwa Yoshihiro , Maida Kai , Sekiguchi Satoshi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLaparoscopic decision‐making may be useful for accurately determining the repair area when treating abdominal wall pseudohernia. A 31‐year‐old man was admitted with a pelvic ring fracture after a traffic accident and underwent orthopedic surgery. Five months after surgery, the patient developed a lower abdominal protrusion. CT revealed abdominal wall bulging and thinning of the abdominal muscle but no musculofascial defects, suggesting a pseudohernia. We reconstructed the abdominal wall and inserted a mesh. Because there was no musculofascial defect, it was difficult to discern the accurate repair area. We used laparoscopy to determine the repair area, which was recognized thanks to illumination transmitted through the abdominal wall. We were able to determine the appropriate size and placement of the mesh, which enabled us to repair the abdominal pseudohernia.
Artificial intelligence and multimodal data in the service of human decision‐making: A case study in debate tutoring
Authors: Cukurova Mutlu , Kent Carmel , Luckin Rosemary 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe question: “What is an appropriate role for AI?” is the subject of much discussion and interest. Arguments about whether AI should be a human replacing technology or a human assisting technology frequently take centre stage. Education is no exception when it comes to questions about the role that AI should play, and as with many other professional areas, the exact role of AI in education is not easy to predict. Here, we argue that one potential role for AI in education is to provide opportunities for human intelligence augmentation, with AI supporting us in decision‐making processes, rather than replacing us through automation. To provide empirical evidence to support our argument, we present a case study in the context of debate tutoring, in which we use prediction and classification models to increase the transparency of the intuitive decision‐making processes of expert tutors for advanced reflections and feedback. Furthermore, we compare the accuracy of unimodal and multimodal classification models of expert human tutors' decisions about the social and emotional aspects of tutoring while evaluating trainees. Our results show that multimodal data leads to more accurate classification models in the context we studied.
Multispecies conservation of freshwater fish assemblages in response to climate change in the southeastern United States
Authors: VanCompernolle Michelle , Knouft Jason H. , Ficklin Darren L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimStreamflow and water temperature are primary variables influencing the distribution of freshwater taxa. Climate‐induced changes in these variables are already causing shifts in species distributions, with continued changes projected in the coming decades. The Mobile River Basin (MRB), located in the southeastern United States, contains some of the highest levels of temperate freshwater biodiversity in North America. We integrated species distribution data with contemporary and future streamflow and water temperature data as well as other physical habitat data to characterize occurrence probabilities of fish species in the MRB with the goal of identifying current and future areas of high conservation value.LocationMobile River Basin, southeastern United States.MethodsWe used a maximum entropy approach to estimate baseline and future occurrence probability distributions for 88 fish species in the MRB based on model‐generated streamflow and water temperature as well as geologic, topographic and land cover data. Areas of conservation prioritization were identified based on regions that contain suitable habitat for high levels of biodiversity according to baseline and future conditions while accounting for uncertainty associated with multiple future climate projections.ResultsOn average, flow (28%), water temperature (28%) and geology (30%) contribute evenly to determining suitable habitat for fish species in the MRB. Based on baseline and future species distribution model estimates, high priority streams (best 10%) are largely concentrated in the eastern portion of the MRB, with a majority (51%) located within the Coosa and Tallapoosa River systems.Main conclusionWe provide a framework that uses relevant hydrologic and environmental data in the context of future climatic uncertainty to estimate areas of freshwater conservation opportunity in the coming decades. While streamflow and water temperature represent important habitat for freshwater fishes in the MRB, distributions are also constrained by other aspects of the physical environment.
Effects of interactions between soil particles and electrolytes on saturated hydraulic conductivity
Authors: Liu Xinmin , Yang Ting , Li Hang , Wu Laosheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInteractions between soil particles can strongly affect water movement in soil. In this study, a model to predict soil saturated hydraulic conductivity based on interactions between soil particles was proposed. Firstly, a model of ion−soil particle interactions at the soil/water interface was established taking specific ion effects into account. Based on the ion–soil interaction model, the theoretical relationship between the sodium adsorption ratio and the surface potential was derived, and the surface potentials were calculated at different sodium adsorption ratios and electrolyte concentrations. Secondly, a theoretical expression of midpoint potential between two adjacent soil particles in a mixed 1:1 + 2:1 electrolyte solution (e.g., NaCl + CaCl2) was derived. The midpoint potential was estimated based on the calculated surface potential. Thirdly, the interaction pressure (repulsive pressure) between soil particles was quantified based on the obtained midpoint potential. Finally, an empirical model of the relationship between measured saturated hydraulic conductivity and maximum net repulsive pressure was proposed. The surface potential, electrostatic repulsive pressure and net pressure between soil particles in the presence of Na+ is higher than that of Ca2+ because the effective charge of the former (1.18) is smaller than that of the latter (1.98). Although the soil saturated hydraulic conductivities were substantially different in Na+ and Ca2+ solutions, they can be described as a function of maximum repulsive pressure between soil particles. Employing this empirical relationship, saturated hydraulic conductivities might be predicted in other soils at different sodium adsorption ratios. This work implies that the sodium adsorption ratio and electrolyte concentration control saturated hydraulic conductivity through affecting the electrostatic repulsive pressure between soil particles.Highlights

A model of ion–soil particle interactions was established considering specific ion effects.
The theoretical relationship between sodium adsorption ratio and surface potential was derived.
The interaction pressure between soil particles in mixed electrolytes was quantified.
An empirical model of the relationship between saturated hydraulic conductivity and net repulsive pressure was proposed.
BIOPOLITICS AMONG THE DISCIPLINES
Authors: Lebovic Nitzan 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTA new wave of publications attempts to bring together theory and history in order to reconsider the past, present, and future in light of a looming catastrophe. Whether in political theory, sociology, anthropology, or intellectual history, scholars are attempting to reflect about the present beyond the old boundaries that separate left and right, inner and outer, civilian and solider, friend and enemy. Three recent publications, by Catherine Mills, Didier Fassin, and an anthology edited by Devin Pendas, Mark Roseman, and Richard Wetzel, do so by considering the growth of biopolitical critique in their respective disciplines.
Can the Concept of Lifestyle Migration be applied to Return Migration? The Case of Estonians in the UK
Authors: Saar Maarja , Saar Ellu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article makes the case for using the concept of lifestyle migration to understand return migration. The key argument is that there are several advantages for engaging with lifestyle migration literature when analysing people's return, of which the prime reason is to draw attention away from the affective and emotional aspects of return migration and view it as a conscious decision related to future planning. A combination of statistical data and interviews with highly skilled Estonian migrants in the UK shows how the return of these migrants is often related to moving from one life stage to another. In the conscious process of planning for a family, several aspects related to both countries were evaluated and the return was often explained as benefitting the (potential) family. The article also claims that there is a need for lifestyle migration research to engage more actively on interlinkages between lifestyle and life stage.
The effect of laser sintering on the microstructure, relative density, and cracking of sol‐gel–derived silica thin films
Authors: Lei Jincheng , Chen Jie , Hong Yuzhe , Zhang Qi , Chen Qiushi , Tong Jianhua , Xiao Hai , Peng Fei , Bordia Rajendra K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCombining sol‐gel processing and laser sintering is a promising way for fabricating functional ceramic deposition with high dimensional resolution. In this work, crack‐free silica tracks on a silica substrate with a thickness from ~360 nm to ~950 nm, have been obtained by direct exposure to a CO2 laser beam. At a fixed scanning speed, the density and microstructures of the silica deposition can be precisely controlled by varying the laser output power. The porosity of the laser‐sintered silica tracks ranged from close to 0% to ~60%. When the thickness of the silica deposition exceeded the critical thickness (eg, ~2.2 µm before firing), cracks occurred in both laser‐sintered and furnace‐sintered samples. Cracks propagated along the edge of the laser‐sintered track, resulting in the crack‐free track. However, for the furnace heat‐treated counterpart, the cracks spread randomly. To understand the laser sintering effect, we established a finite element model (FEM) to calculate the temperature profile of the substrate during laser scanning, which agreed well with the one‐dimensional analytical model. The FEM model confirmed that laser sintering was the main thermal effect and the calculated temperature profile can be used to predict the microstructure of the laser‐sintered tracks. Combining these results, we were able to fabricate, predesigned patterned (Clemson tiger paw) silica films with high density using a galvo scanner.
A structured programme to withdraw antipsychotics among adults with intellectual disabilities: The Cornwall experience
Authors: Shankar Rohit , Wilcock Mike , Deb Shoumitro , Goodey Rebecca , Corson Eve , Pretorius Charlotte , Praed Georgina , Pell Amanda , Vujkovic Dee , Wilkinson Ellen , Laugharne Richard , Axby Sharon , Sheehan Rory , Alexander Regi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAntipsychotic medications are used among 19%–58% of adults with intellectual disabilities to manage challenging behaviour against the NICE guideline recommendations. Studies show that it is possible to completely withdraw antipsychotics in about one third of adults with intellectual disabilities and a dose reduction of 50% or more in another third.MethodIn Cornwall, over three years the present authors developed a structured pathway to withdraw antipsychotics among adults with intellectual disabilities which involved people with intellectual disabilities and their carers, GPs, community learning disability team members and pharmacists.ResultsThe present authors managed to withdraw antipsychotics totally among 46.5% (33/71) and reduced over 50% of dosage in another 11.3% (8/71) of adults with intellectual disabilities. At three months follow‐up no one required hospital admission or change in placement.ConclusionIt is possible to withdraw/reduce antipsychotics in a high proportion of adults with intellectual disabilities if a concerted effort is made involving all stakeholders from the outset.
Reducing blood draw phobia in an adult with autism spectrum disorder using low‐cost virtual reality exposure therapy
Authors: Meindl James N. , Saba Serena , Gray Mackenzie , Stuebing Laurie , Jarvis Angela 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeedle phobias are common in children and adults worldwide. One effective intervention for this phobia is exposure therapy where a participant is gradually exposed to increasing levels of the fear‐evoking stimulus while differential reinforcement is applied. This intervention, however, may be difficult to implement with some medical procedures as it may be difficult to obtain unfettered access to medical facilities and equipment for the purposes of exposure. Virtual reality may overcome these obstacles.MethodsIn this investigation, the present authors developed a low‐cost virtual reality‐based exposure therapy which was used with an adult male with autism spectrum disorder and a history of extreme needle phobia. The effectiveness of this intervention was evaluated using a changing criterions design with generalization probes.ResultsThe intervention quickly increased the participant's compliance in the analogue training setting and the effects were generalized across settings and behaviours, and maintained over time.ConclusionsThe findings indicate combining virtual reality with exposure therapy may produce an effective intervention for medical phobias. The intervention package may remove barriers associate with traditional exposure therapy and was low‐cost which may increase access to the intervention.
Effect of preheated bulk‐fill composite temperature on intrapulpal temperature increase in vitro
Authors: Karacan Ahmet O. , Ozyurt Perihan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of study is measurement of in vitro intrapulpal temperature increase when placing room temperature or preheated (54°C and 60°C) bulk‐fill composite.Materials and methodsExtracted human lower third molars were selected and class II (MOD) cavities in each tooth were prepared, resulting in a remaining dentin thickness of 1 mm. A K‐type thermocouple was placed inside the pulp chamber. Teeth were placed in a 37°C bath, which simulated human body temperature. Teeth were restored with a bulk‐fill composite that was stored at room temperature and preheated at 54°C and 60°C. Data were subjected to two‐factor mixed‐design analysis of variance using a general linear model procedure for repeated measurements.ResultsStage, composite temperature, and stage‐composite temperature interaction significantly affected the intrapulpal temperature values (P < .001).ConclusionsPreheating does not represent significant problems in terms of intrapulpal temperature increase. Even Though the preheating process results in an increase in intrapulpal temperature, this temperature increase is not the critical factor that causes harm to the pulp.Clinical SignificancePreheating can improve material features. Benefits of improved material features are desirable to practitioners. Temperature increase is not the critical factor that harms to the pulp even if the preheating process can result with an increase in intrapulpal temperature.
Differentiating three Indian shads by applying shape analysis from digital images
Authors: Dwivedi Arvind K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTenualosa ilisha, T. toli and Hilsa kelee are three Indian shad species of the family Clupeidae. In past, relationships among these shads have been explored in few morphological studies but still remain poorly understood. In this study, 120 specimens of three shad species were collected from the wild and a truss network system of 13 landmarks was interconnected to yield 77 size‐adjusted characters. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) produced 13 discriminating variables in delineating the three species. The landmark based morphometric distance between origin of dorsal fin and posterior end of eye was the most important character in discriminating the three species. Three prominent characters extracted from DFA (distance between posterior end of operculum and posterior end of eye, distance between origin of dorsal fin and posterior end of eye and distance between insertion of pelvic fin and end of operculum) were used as traditional morphometric characters and their ratio to standard length were found significant in differentiating the three shad species. The present study strongly supports the efficiency of landmark‐based morphological characters generated from digital images in discriminating the species and can be used as a rapid diagnostic tool in recognizing them.
Ambivalence Toward Pregnancy as an Indicator for Contraceptive Nonuse: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: LaCross Allison , Smaldone Arlene , Angelson Jessica 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionThis systematic review and meta‐analysis examines the association between contraceptive nonuse and ambivalence toward pregnancy.MethodsFollowing an a priori protocol, 4 databases were searched, and results were reported using the Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Studies were appraised for quality using the Appraisal Tool for Cross‐Sectional Studies, and those reporting results as frequencies or odds ratio (OR) were included in random effects meta‐analytic models.ResultsOf 209 identified studies, 6 met criteria for systematic review and meta‐analysis. Pooled data from 8360 women in 6 studies demonstrated a significant association (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.4‐4.15; P < .0001) between ambivalence toward pregnancy and nonuse of contraception. Pooled data from 735 men (2 studies) demonstrated no significant differences (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 0.7‐5.47; P = .20) between ambivalence toward pregnancy and male contraceptive nonuse.DiscussionWomen with ambivalent pregnancy attitudes are more likely to forgo contraception compared with women with anti‐natal (strong desire to avoid pregnancy) attitudes, which has not been validated to date in a systematic review and meta‐analysis. There was no significant association between men's pregnancy attitudes and their contraceptive nonuse, however. Although a cohesive theoretical definition of ambivalence is lacking, health care providers are advised to help guide people who have either conflicting or absent attitudes toward pregnancy to formulate a concrete opinion about their family planning goals.
Pemphigus vulgaris disease activity: The role of antibodies to desmogleins and their isotype
Authors: Yeoh Sue‐Ching , Byth‐Wilson Karen , Murrell Dedee F. , Schifter Mark , Lin Ming‐Wei , Fulcher David A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering disease driven by pathogenic antibodies to desmoglein‐1 and ‐3, levels of which correlate with disease activity. Anti‐desmoglein‐3 IgG4 isotype antibodies are said to predominate in active disease and anti‐desmoglein‐3 IgG1 in remission; however, these observations arose from vertical studies, with limited assessments of clinical activity. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between desmoglein autoantibodies, subdivided by isotype and disease activity using the validated PV activity tool “Pemphigus Disease Area Index (PDAI).”MethodsForty PV patients with predominantly mucosal disease were studied prospectively, 24 serially, and PDAI and anti‐desmoglein antibodies recorded at each visit over a period of up to 15 months.ResultsAt enrolment, only anti‐desmoglein‐3 IgG4 levels were significantly associated with disease activity but the correlation was weak. During follow‐up, within‐patient changes in disease activity correlated with changes in anti‐desmoglein‐3 IgG levels, but correlations were similar for both anti‐desmoglein‐3 IgG1 and IgG4. These trends were not observed in anti‐desmoglein‐1 IgG levels, although the majority of patients were negative at baseline.ConclusionsAnti‐desmoglein‐3 IgG4 levels correlated only weakly with PDAI scores at a single time point. Reciprocity of IgG1 vs IgG4 anti‐desmoglein‐3 with changes in disease activity over time could not be confirmed, but rather, changes in levels of anti‐desmoglein‐3 IgG, irrespective of isotype, were useful in following individual patient responses.