bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival benefit of conversion surgery for patients with initially unresectable pancreatic cancer who responded favorably to nonsurgical treatment
Authors: Asano Toshimichi , Hirano Satoshi , Nakamura Toru , Okamura Keisuke , Tsuchikawa Takahiro , Noji Takehiro , Nakanishi Yoshitsugu , Tanaka Kimitaka , Shichinohe Toshiaki 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundConversion surgery (CS) is expected as a new therapeutic strategy for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer (UR‐PC). We analyzed outcomes of CS for patients with UR‐PC and evaluated the survival benefit of CS.MethodsThirty‐four patients diagnosed with UR‐PC according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline underwent CS in our hospital. Resectability was considered by multimodal images in patients who underwent nonsurgical treatment (NST) for more than 6 months. CS was performed only in patients who were judged to be able to undergo R0 resection.ResultsTwenty‐six patients had locally advanced PC, and eight had distant metastases. The median duration of NST was 9 (range 5–44) months. R0 resection was achieved in 30 patients (88.2%). Six patients (17.6%) showed Evans grade ≥III. Three‐ and 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates from initial treatment were 74% and 56.9%, respectively, with median survival time (MST) of 5.3 years. The actual 5‐year OS rate in 19 patients was 47.4% with an MST of 4.0 years. Patients with Evans grade ≥III had a better prognosis than those with Evans grade <III (P = 0.0092, log‐rank test).ConclusionsConversion surgery might have survival benefits to patients with UR‐PC who responded favorably to NST.
Numerical and experimental analyses of the deterioration in magnetic flux density distribution on perforated transformer core steels
Authors: Gunes Taylan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe holes in transformer core sheets are necessary for tailoring transformer‐core designs even though they cause more or less deterioration in the magnetic properties. With using spark erosion, specimens were pierced as a circle shape at certain locations and diameters to compare their effects to the magnetic properties by means of hysteresis curves, Magneto‐optical Kerr imaging, and finite element method. It was found that piercing the middles and corners of sheets at regular intervals dropped the sheets' relative permeabilities to ranges of 28% to 70%. Additionally, significant increments in power losses, from 0.8 to 2.54 W/kg at 50 Hz, depending on increases in hole diameters, were noted. These effects did not occur in a non‐pierced sample. Furthermore, considering all possible scenarios based on hole diameters and locations, laminated transformer‐core sheets were simulated to study distributions of flux lines, flux densities, and magnetic forces using 2‐dimensional static magnetic analyses. Holes in the sheets and the holes' proximities to each other were noted using magneto‐optical Kerr microscopies. Kerr images and diagrams of flux propagation from the simulation were individually compared to consider how the sheets flux distributions were influenced by varying the physical properties of the holes. The cases' effects on basic transformer cores were also investigated using 2‐dimensional static analyses.
Periprosthetic bacterial biofilm and quorum sensing
Authors: Mooney Jake A. , Pridgen Eric M. , Manasherob Robert , Suh Gina , Blackwell Helen E. , Barron Annelise E. , Bollyky Paul L. , Goodman Stuart B. , Amanatullah Derek F. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTPeriprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a common complication after total joint arthroplasty leading to severe morbidity and mortality. With an aging population and increasing prevalence of total joint replacement procedures, the burden of PJI will be felt not only by individual patients, but in increased healthcare costs. Current treatment of PJI is inadequate resulting in incredibly high failure rates. This is believed to be largely mediated by the presence of bacterial biofilms. These polymicrobial bacterial colonies form within secreted extracellular matrices, adhering to the implant surface and local tissue. The biofilm architecture is believed to play a complex and critical role in a variety of bacterial processes including nutrient supplementation, metabolism, waste management, and antibiotic and immune resistance. The establishment of these biofilms relies heavily on the quorum sensing communication systems utilized by bacteria. Early stage research into disrupting bacterial communication by targeting quorum sensing show promise for future clinical applications. However, prevention of the biofilm formation via early forced induction of the biofilm forming process remains yet unexplored. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2331–2339, 2018.
C‐reactive protein: An independent predictor for dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma
Authors: Nemecek Elena , Funovics Philipp Theodor , Hobusch Gerhard Martin , Lang Susanna , Willegger Madeleine , Sevelda Florian , Brodowicz Thomas , Stihsen Christoph , Windhager Reinhard , Panotopoulos Joannis 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTDedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is a rare primary bone malignancy with a very poor prognosis. The aim of the study was to identify pretreatment serum markers as prognostic factors for the overall survival (OS) of patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. We retrospectively reviewed 33 patients with histologically confirmed dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma treated at our department from 1977 to 2015. Kaplan‐Meier estimation, uni‐ and multivariable Cox proportional hazard model were performed to evaluate the association between serum markers such as the C‐reactive protein and OS. In univariable analysis, CRP was strongly associated with OS (HR 1.35; 95%CI 1.13–1.61; p = 0.001). This association prevailed after adjustment for AJCC tumor stage (HR 1.31; 95%CI 1.02–1.57; p = 0.031) in multivariable analysis. In conclusion, our data gave evidence that baseline CRP is an independent predictor for OS in patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. CRP could be exploited for the clinical prediction of this disease in the future. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 36:2797–2801, 2018.
Can we conserve trans‐resveratrol content and antioxidant activity during industrial production of chocolate?
Authors: Salvador Izabela , Massarioli Adna P , Silva Anna PS , Malaguetta Heloísa , Melo Priscilla S , Alencar Severino M 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDCocoa exhibits high content of phenolic compounds, among which trans‐resveratrol stands out, associated with several bioactive activities such as antioxidant properties. Chocolate contains reduced amounts of these bioactive compounds due to losses during the production process. Therefore, this study aimed to assess changes in total phenolic content, and specifically trans‐resveratrol, as well as changes in the antioxidant activity of cocoa and its products during industrial production of chocolate.RESULTSA total of ten different cocoa products were analyzed. The processes of fermentation and roasting caused significant loss of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. The high temperature of roasting had a major influence on this loss (71% for total phenolic compounds and 53–77% for antioxidant activity), except for trans‐resveratrol. The trans‐resveratrol content formed after fermentation (9.8 μg kg−1) showed little variation during the processes, and it was detected in higher concentrations both in natural (11.4 μg kg−1) and in alkalized cocoa powder (13.5 μg kg−1). Alkalization of cocoa products led to loss of capacity of deactivating superoxide radical.CONCLUSIONThese findings contribute to the optimization of the production process of chocolate and other food products containing cocoa and its derivatives, aiming to better preserve their bioactive compounds. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of Triebel–Lizorkin type spaces with variable exponents via maximal functions, local means and non‐smooth atomic decompositions
Authors: Gonçalves Helena F. , Moura Susana D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper we study the maximal function and local means characterizations and the non‐smooth atomic decomposition of the Triebel–Lizorkin type spaces with variable exponents . These spaces were recently introduced by Yang et al. and cover the Triebel–Lizorkin spaces with variable exponents as well as the classical Triebel–Lizorkin spaces , even the case when . Moreover, covered by this scale are also the Triebel–Lizorkin‐type spaces with constant exponents which, in turn cover the Triebel–Lizorkin–Morrey spaces. As an application we obtain a pointwise multiplier assertion for those spaces.
Aquaporin‐2 plays an important role in water transportation through the bladder wall in rats
Authors: Morizawa Yosuke , Torimoto Kazumasa , Hori Shunta , Gotoh Daisuke , Nakai Yasushi , Miyake Makito , Hirayama Akihide , Tanaka Nobumichi , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: May 2018

AimWe investigated the role of the bladder wall in permeating water, focusing on aquaporins.MethodsFemale Sprague‐Dawley rats weighing 300 g were used to investigate the role of the bladder wall in saline permeation. Changes in intravesical fluid volume and sodium concentration were measured in the desmopressin acetate hydrate‐loaded and control groups 3 h after administration. Bladders were resected to measure aquaporin‐1, 2, and 3 gene expression using qRT‐PCR. Additionally, the change of aquaporin‐2 expression was measured using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry in intravesical aquaporin‐2 siRNA‐treated and control groups.ResultsAlthough the intravesical fluid volume and sodium concentration significantly decreased from 0 to 3 h (1.00 ± 0.00 vs 0.83 ± 0.08 mL, 157.80 ± 1.30 vs 146.8 ± 1.92 mEq/mL, P < 0.01, respectively in the control group), administration of desmopressin did not affect the extent of volume change. Aquaporin‐2 expression was significantly higher in the 3‐h distended bladders than in the empty bladder. Aquaporin‐2 siRNA treatment suppressed aquaporin‐2 expression and the change of intravesical fluid volume from 0 to 3 h (1.00 ± 0.00 and 0.99 ± 0.02 mL), which was related to the suppression of sodium concentration change in comparison with control siRNA treatment (149.6 ± 2.4 vs 143.6 ± 3.67 mEq/mL, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe rat urinary bladder absorbs water and salts under the full‐filled condition. Aquaporin‐2 plays an important role in the transport of water, accompanied by sodium concentration change. We demonstrated a part of the bladder absorption mechanism, which may lead to development of a new method for regulating bladder storage function.
Impact of Early‐Life Weight Status on Cognitive Abilities in Children
Authors: Li Nan , Yolton Kimberly , Lanphear Bruce P. , Chen Aimin , Kalkwarf Heidi J. , Braun Joseph M. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveWhether obesity is associated with childhood cognition is unknown. Given the sensitivity of the developing brain to environmental factors, this study examined whether early‐life weight status was associated with children's cognition.MethodsUsing data from mother–child pairs enrolled in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study (2003–2006), children's early‐life weight status was assessed using weight‐for‐length/height standard deviation (SD) scores. A battery of neuropsychological tests was administered to assess cognition, executive function, and visual‐spatial abilities at ages 5 and 8 years. Using linear mixed models, associations between early‐life weight status and cognition were estimated.ResultsAmong 233 children, 167 were lean (≤1 SD) and 48 were nonlean (>1 SD). After covariate adjustment, the results suggest that full‐scale intelligence quotient scores decreased with a 1‐unit increase in weight‐for‐height SD score (β = –1.4, 95% CI: –3.0 to 0.1). For individual component scores, with a 1‐unit increase in weight‐for‐height SD score, perceptual reasoning (β = –1.7, 95% CI: –3.3 to 0.0) and working memory (β: –2.4, CI: –4.4 to –0.4) scores decreased. Weight status was generally not associated with other cognition measures.ConclusionsWithin this cohort of typically developing children, early‐life weight status was inversely associated with children's perceptual reasoning and working memory scores and possibly with full‐scale intelligent quotient scores.
The Effect of Nonlinearity on Determined Parameters of Gun Propellant Burn Rate Models: The Ballistic Compensation Effect
Authors: Wurster Sebastian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe pressure dependent linear burning velocity of gun propellants is described by burn rate models, e. g. Vieille's law with prefactor β and pressure exponent α. To determine the burn rate parameters closed vessel experiments are conducted, the resulting p(t) curves are analysed and α and β are determined by a curve fitting procedure. It is shown that due to the nonlinearity of the pressure dependence in Vieille's law the objective function exhibits a topography which leads to an almost linear correlation between determined burn rate parameters α and β. This is mathematically equivalent to the so called kinetic compensation effect known from thermal analysis. Therefore this linear correlation is called the ballistic compensation effect by the author. If this effect is taken into account different burn rate measurements that are seemingly non compatible can be unified.
Molecular and physiological characterization of six‐way resistance in an Amaranthus tuberculatus var. rudis biotype from Missouri
Authors: Shergill Lovreet S , Bish Mandy D , Jugulam Mithila , Bradley Kevin W 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrevious research reported the first case of six‐way herbicide resistance in a common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus var. rudis) biotype from Missouri, USA designated MO‐Ren. This study investigated the mechanisms of multiple‐resistance in the MO‐Ren biotype to herbicides from six site‐of‐action (SOA) groups, i.e. synthetic auxins, 5‐enolypyruvyl‐shikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS)‐, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)‐, acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐, photosystem II (PSII)‐, and 4‐hydroxyphenyl‐pyruvate‐dioxygenase (HPPD)‐inhibitors.RESULTSGenomic DNA sequencing confirmed the presence of known mutations associated with ALS‐ or PPO‐inhibiting herbicide resistance: the Trp‐574‐Leu amino acid substitution in the ALS enzyme and the codon deletion corresponding to the ΔG210 in the PPX2 enzyme. No target‐site point mutations associated with resistance to PSII‐ and EPSPS‐inhibitors were detected. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) indicated that MO‐Ren plants contained five‐fold more copies of the EPSPS gene than susceptible plants. Malathion in combination with 2,4‐D (2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), mesotrione, and chlorimuron POST enhanced the activity of these herbicides indicating that metabolism due to cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity was involved in herbicide resistance. 4‐Chloro‐7‐nitrobenzofurazan (NBD‐Cl), a glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST)‐inhibitor, in combination with atrazine did not reduce the biomass accumulation. Reduced absorption or translocation of 2,4‐D did not contribute to resistance. However, the resistant biotype metabolized 2,4‐D, seven‐ to nine‐fold faster than the susceptible.CONCLUSIONTarget‐site point mutations, gene amplification, and elevated rates of metabolism contribute to six‐way resistance in the MO‐Ren biotype, suggesting both target site and non‐target site mechanisms contribute to multiple herbicide resistance in this Amaranthus tuberculatus biotype. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecular Electron Density Theory Study of Fused Regioselectivity in the Intramolecular [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Cyclic Nitrones
Authors: Domingo Luis R. , Ríos‐Gutiérrez Mar , Adjieufack Abel I. , Ndassa Ibrahim M. , Nouhou Cyrille N. , Mbadcam Joseph K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition (IM32CA) reactions of cyclic nitrones Z‐7 and E‐7 have been studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory at the MPWB1K/6‐311G(d) computational level. For these IM32CA reactions, which take place through a one–step mechanism, two regioisomeric reaction paths associated with the formation of the 6,6,5‐ring fused and 6,5,5‐ring bridged isoxazolidines have been considered. Analysis of the relative Gibbs free energies indicates that under thermodynamic control, these IM32CA reactions are completely regioselective, stereoselective and stereospecific, cyclic nitrones Z‐7 and E‐7 yielding the fused isoxazolidines 8 and 9, respectively, as the only product, in complete agreement with the experimental outcomes. The low electrophilic character of nitrones Z‐7 and E‐7 together with the strain caused by the chain along these intramolecular processes are responsible for the high activation energies found in these IM32CA reactions. An ELF topological analysis of the asynchronous TSs associated with the IM32CA reaction of cyclic nitrone Z‐7 indicates that along the more favourable fused reaction path, the IM32CA reaction begins with the formation of the C−O single bond involving the most nucleophilic and electrophilic centers of the molecule.
Fabrication of a Disordered Mesoporous ZnO Matrix Modified by CuO Film as High‐Performance NOx Sensor
Authors: Liu Ning , Li Tian‐tian , Yu Hui , Xia Long 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHerein, the ZnO matrix with disordered mesoporous (disordered mesoporous ZnO, DM‐ZnO) was prepared by sol‐gel template method. For the first time, a layer Cu thin film was coated on the surface of the DM‐ZnO matrix to increase the conductivity of matrix by chemical deposition method (CDM), an electro‐deposition method (EDM) was creatively used to thicken the Cu thin film, a layer CuO thin film was coated on the surface of the DM‐ZnO matrix by the high temperature calcination method, and an n‐p heterojunction disordered mesoporous CuO/ZnO composite (CZC) was fabricated. The morphology, structure and gas sensing performance toward NOx of the CZC sample were characterized. The CZC sample showed the flower‐like structures which were composed of petaloid particles, and the particles length was about 450 nm, the width was about 150 nm, and the disordered mesoporous distributed on the surface of the particles, the pore size was about 2.1 nm. Many sensors at high temperatures have been reported in the literature, however, sensors at high temperature had much drawbacks. The CZC sample showed the much higher gas response property to NOx at room temperature, whose response to 100 ppm NOx gas reached to 11.73, the response time was only 11.5 s, and the detection limit was only 0.5 ppm. And the prepared material had an expansive application prospect in toxic gas detection field.
Quantitative Improvements and Insights into CALB‐Catalyzed Resolution of trans‐ and cis‐2‐Phenylcyclopropyl Azolides
Authors: Yeh Yan‐Ru , Tzeng Yi‐Jia , Tsai Shau‐Wei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWith trans‐2‐phenylcyclopropyl azolides as the model substrate for hydrolytic or alcoholic resolution in methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) via Novozym 435 as an immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), quantitative improvements of the enzyme activity and enantioselectivity were reported. At the best reaction conditions of 35oC, leading to k2RRKmRR−1=5.185 L/h⋅g and Etrans=97.2, for hydrolysis of trans‐2‐phenylcyclopropyl 1,2,4‐azolide (trans‐2‐PCPT), (1R,2R)‐2‐PCPCA of high optical purity was obtained. Insights into CALB performance via kinetic and thermodynamic analysis for trans‐ and cis‐2‐phenylcyclopropyl 1,2,4‐triazolide (cis‐2‐PCPT) were furthermore addressed, showing the prospect of present kinetic resolution process for synthesizing other optically pure 2‐arylcyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acids.
Synthesis of 4‐Substituted Pyrrolo[2, 3‐c]quinolines via Microwave‐Assisted C‐N Bond Formation
Authors: Penjarla Thirupathi Reddy , Kundarapu Maheshwar , Baquer Syed Mohd. , Bhattacharya Anupam 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA metal‐free approach for the synthesis of 4‐substituted pyrolo[2, 3‐c]quinoline is reported in this paper. Synthesis of the target molecule started from easily available quinoline and was carried out in five steps. The fused pyrrolo‐quinoline unit was assembled using Bartoli indolization and the crucial final step involving microwave assisted C−N bond formation was carried out by reaction of 4‐chloro‐3H‐pyrrolo[2, 3‐c]quinolines and diverse aliphatic amines, in the presence of N, N’‐diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA). Final molecules were obtained in good yields even in the presence of additional bromine functionality on the quinolines, thus demonstrating the selectivity of the developed coupling procedure and possibility of increasing the product diversity.
Context Monitoring for Improved System Performance and QoE
Authors: Metzger Florian , Hoßfeld Tobias , Skorin-Kapov Lea , Haddad Yoram , Liotou Eirini , Pocta Peter , Melvin Hugh , Siris Vasilios A. , Zgank Andrej , Jarschel Michael 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhereas some application domains show a certain consensus on the role of system factors, human factors, and context factors, QoE management of multimedia systems and services is still faced with the challenge of identifying the key QoE influence factors. In this chapter, we focus on the potential of enhancing QoE management mechanisms by exploiting valuable context information.To get a good grip on the basics we first discuss a general framework for context monitoring and define context information, including technical, usage, social, economic, temporal, and physical factors. We then iterate the opportunities and challenges in involving context in QoE monitoring solutions, as context may be, e.g., hard to ascertain or very situational.The benefits of including context in QoE monitoring and management are demonstrated through use cases involving video flash crowds as well as online and cloud gaming.Finally, we discuss potential technical realizations of context-aware QoE monitoring and management derived based on the SDN paradigm.
Integrating SDN and NFV with QoS-Aware Service Composition
Authors: Cardellini Valeria , Galinac Grbac Tihana , Kassler Andreas , Kathiravelu Pradeeban , Lo Presti Francesco , Marotta Antonio , Nardelli Matteo , Veiga Luís 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTraditional networks are transformed to enable full integration of heterogeneous hardware and software functions, that are configured at runtime, with minimal time to market, and are provided to their end users on “as a service” principle. Therefore, a countless number of possibilities for further innovation and exploitation opens up. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) are two key enablers for such a new flexible, scalable, and service-oriented network architecture. This chapter provides an overview of QoS-aware strategies that can be used over the levels of the network abstraction aiming to fully exploit the new network opportunities. Specifically, we present three use cases of integrating SDN and NFV with QoS-aware service composition, ranging from the energy efficient placement of virtual network functions inside modern data centers, to the deployment of data stream processing applications using SDN to control the network paths, to exploiting SDN for context-aware service compositions.