bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive medical word sense disambiguation through informed learning
Authors: Wang Yue , Zheng Kai , Xu Hua , Mei Qiaozhu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveMedical word sense disambiguation (WSD) is challenging and often requires significant training with data labeled by domain experts. This work aims to develop an interactive learning algorithm that makes efficient use of expert’s domain knowledge in building high-quality medical WSD models with minimal human effort.MethodsWe developed an interactive learning algorithm with expert labeling instances and features. An expert can provide supervision in 3 ways: labeling instances, specifying indicative words of a sense, and highlighting supporting evidence in a labeled instance. The algorithm learns from these labels and iteratively selects the most informative instances to ask for future labels. Our evaluation used 3 WSD corpora: 198 ambiguous terms from Medical Subject Headings (MSH) as MEDLINE indexing terms, 74 ambiguous abbreviations in clinical notes from the University of Minnesota (UMN), and 24 ambiguous abbreviations in clinical notes from Vanderbilt University Hospital (VUH). For each ambiguous term and each learning algorithm, a learning curve that plots the accuracy on the test set against the number of labeled instances was generated. The area under the learning curve was used as the primary evaluation metric.ResultsOur interactive learning algorithm significantly outperformed active learning, the previous fastest learning algorithm for medical WSD. Compared to active learning, it achieved 90% accuracy for the MSH corpus with 42% less labeling effort, 35% less labeling effort for the UMN corpus, and 16% less labeling effort for the VUH corpus.ConclusionsHigh-quality WSD models can be efficiently trained with minimal supervision by inviting experts to label informative instances and provide domain knowledge through labeling/highlighting contextual features.
Testing modified gravity with globular clusters: the case of NGC 2419
Authors: Llinares Claudio 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The dynamics of globular clusters has been studied in great detail in the context of general relativity as well as with modifications of gravity that strongly depart from the standard paradigm such as Modified Newtonian Dynamics. However, at present there are no studies that aim to test the impact that less extreme modifications of gravity (e.g. models constructed as alternatives to dark energy) have on the behaviour of globular clusters. This Letter presents fits to the velocity dispersion profile of the cluster NGC 2419 under the symmetron-modified gravity model. The data show an increase in the velocity dispersion towards the centre of the cluster which could be difficult to explain within general relativity. By finding the best-fitting solution associated with the symmetron model, we show that this tension does not exist in modified gravity. However, the best-fitting parameters give a model that is inconsistent with the dynamics of the Solar system. Exploration of different screening mechanisms should give us the chance to understand if it is possible to maintain the appealing properties of the symmetron model when it comes to globular clusters and at the same time recover the Solar system dynamics properly.
Reconstruction of Anterior Neck Scar Contracture Using A Perforator-Supercharged Transposition Flap
Authors: Noda Yoshihiro , Kuwahara Hiroaki , Morimoto Maya , Ogawa Rei 
Published: February 2018

Summary:
Reconstruction of the anterior neck requires attention to both aesthetic and functional outcomes. In general, skin grafts are not suitable for anterior neck reconstruction in Asian patients, even when artificial dermis is used before skin grafting. Therefore, we have employed various types of thin flaps for anterior neck reconstruction, including the cervico-pectoral flap. However, we have realized that, to fully release neck contractures and therefore achieve the full range of neck extension, the skin pedicle must be sufficiently wide. Therefore, we have started reconstructing anterior neck scar contractures using wide, thin, and long flaps that are harvested from the anterior chest wall. In this article, we describe the case of a 71-year-old man who presented with a neck contracture and tracheal fistula after receiving extensive burns. A transposition flap bearing the internal mammary artery perforator was harvested from the anterior chest wall to repair the neck wounds that were left after removing the scar. At the same time, the tracheal fistula was covered by the flap. The aesthetic and functional results were acceptable. The effectiveness of supercharged transposition flaps from the anterior chest wall for reconstructing anterior neck scar contraction is discussed.
Associated Malformations in Children with Orofacial Clefts in Portugal: A 31-Year Study
Authors: Pereira Alice V. , Fradinho Nuno , Carmo Sara , de Sousa Juliana M. , Rasteiro David , Duarte Regina , Leal Maria J. 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Orofacial clefts are among the most common congenital craniofacial malformations and may be associated with other birth defects. However, the proportion and type of additional anomalies vary greatly between studies. This study assessed the prevalence and type of associated congenital malformations in children with orofacial clefts, who attended the largest cleft lip and palate tertiary referral center in Portugal.

Methods:
Consecutive children with orofacial clefts who attended at least 1 consultation in our Clefts Unit between 1981 and 2012 were studied. Demographic and clinical data regarding the number and type of associated malformations were retrospectively collected and analyzed.

Results:
Of the 701 patients studied, 219 (31.2%) had associated congenital malformations. These malformations were more frequent in children with cleft palate (43.4%) than in children with cleft lip and palate (27.5%) or with cleft lip only (19.4%). Within the group with associated anomalies, 73 cases (33.3%) had conditions related with known chromosomal defects, monogenic syndromes or sequences, and 146 cases (66.7%) had multiple congenital anomalies of unknown origin. From those, head and neck malformations were the most common (60.3%), followed by malformations in the cardiovascular (28.3%) and musculoskeletal systems (26%).

Conclusions:
The overall prevalence of associated malformations of nearly 1 in 3 children with orofacial clefts stressed the need for a comprehensive evaluation of these patients by a multidisciplinary cleft team. Moreover, one-third of the children had multiple congenital anomalies of known origins. Thus, early routine screening for other malformations and genetic counseling might be valuable for orofacial clefts management.
The possible relationship between Campylobacter spp./Arcobacter spp. and patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Akar Mustafa , Aydin Fuat , Yurci Mustafa A. , Abay Seçil , Ateş İhsan , Deniz Kemal 
Published: February 2018

Background and aims
The role of bacterial infection in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) is under investigation. This study aims to (i) determine the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. and Arcobacter spp. in patients with UC, (ii) identify the antibiotic susceptibility of isolated agents, and (iii) investigate the role of these microorganisms in the pathogenesis and/or activation of UC.

Patients and methods
Eighty patients with UC and 40 healthy individuals were included in the study. Stool samples were used for cultural examination. Direct plating, membrane filtration, and enrichment methods were used for isolation. 16s rRNA sequence analysis was used for definitive identification of isolates that were identified phenotypically.

Results
In the UC group, 20 (25%) patients had proctitis, 40 (50%) patients had left-type involvement, and 20 (25%) patients had extensive involvement. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from four (5%) patients in the UC group and isolates were identified as C. curvus, C. concisus, C. sputorum, and C. jejuni. C. concisus and C. jejuni were found to be resistant to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. C. jejuni was also resistant to tetracycline. All samples were negative for Arcobacter spp. The samples from the control group neither showed the presence of Campylobacter spp. nor Arcobacter spp.

Conclusion
Given the clinical, endoscopic, and bacteriological examination results, it is believed that Campylobacter spp. are agents that cause flare-up clinically by being superimposed on the primary disease, rather than agents that initiate the disease in patients with UC. Arcobacter spp., which are known to cause acute gastroenteritis, were not found to be associated with UC.
Endoscopic Repair of Persistent Oroantral Communications Using the Caldwell-Luc Approach
Authors: Aladag Ibrahim , Gunhan Fatih , Songu Murat , Imre Abdulkadir , Pinar Ercan 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In this article, a novel endoscopic technique used to close oro-antral fistulas will be described. In the technique described here, 24 cases were surgically treated between May 2011, and November 2014. Under endonasal endoscopic examination following partial inferior uncinectomy, the natural ostium of the maxillary sinus was identified; through this tract, a curved aspirator was advanced into the sinus. If present, we extracted endoscopically tissues causing obliteration of the ostium through the Caldwell-Luc antrostomy, taking care to preserve the integrity of the natural ostium. In the technique described here, endoscopic examination using the Caldwell-Luc approach, the inside of the maxillary sinus is explored fully, existing infection and polyps are eliminated locally, and natural patency of the maxillary sinus ostium can be achieved. The graft used to obliterate the oroantral fistula can be easily harvested from the bone of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus by accessing the surgical entry tract.
The Accuracy of Portable Ultrasound Bladder Scanner Measurements of Postvoid Residual Volume in Women With Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Theisen John Graham , Deveneau Nicolette E. , Agrawal Anu , Kinman Casey , Gaskins Jeremy , Meriwether Kate , Francis Sean L. 
Published: February 2018

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of portable bladder scanner postvoid residual (PVR) volume measurements in patients with pelvic organ prolapse. A secondary goal was to determine whether covariates such as bladder volume and stage of prolapse affect bladder scanner accuracy.

Study Design
Complex urodynamic studies were performed on 70 patients with stage II or greater prolapse. Complex urodynamic studies included measurement of maximum bladder capacity (MBC) as well as measurement of PVR by urethral catheterization before, and following, complex filling cystometry. For each catheterized PVR, a corresponding bladder scanner measurement was obtained; the primary outcome was the difference between these measurements. In addition, bladder scanner measurements of MBC were compared with MBC by urodynamic pump. Measurements were compared by paired t test. Linear regression was used to assess association between covariates and bladder scanner error.

Results
There was no significant difference between catheter and bladder scanner PVR at the initial (mean difference, 5.94 mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], −3.8 to 15.7) or final (mean difference, 1.37 mL; 95% CI, −10.9 to 13.6) measurements. Maximum bladder capacity measurements by bladder scanner were significantly smaller than catheterized measurements (mean difference, −21.3 mL; 95% CI, −40.3 to −2.3). Stage III/IV prolapse was associated with increased bladder scanner error (P = 0.03).

Conclusions
The portable bladder scanner accurately measures PVR in patients with pelvic organ prolapse and could be considered as an alternative to catheterized assessment. However, stage III/IV prolapse is associated with increased bladder scanner error, which should be considered when determining appropriate candidates for bladder scanner PVR assessment.
Mobile learning in nursing education: catering for students and teachers’ needs
Authors: Li Kam Cheong , Lee Linda Yin-King , Wong Suet-Lai , Yau Ivy Sui-Yu , Wong Billy Tak Ming 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the implementation of mobile learning in a nursing course at The Open University of Hong Kong, and identify the potentials of, and constraints on, introducing mobile technologies in the instructional design of nursing education. The paper also considers the pedagogical implications of the expansion of mobile learning in the field of nursing.Design/methodology/approachThe research adopts a qualitative approach to obtain the students’ and teacher’s experiences, opinions, and expectations on mobile learning. Two focus groups with 20 student participants were conducted and an in-depth interview with the course teacher was arranged. The Framework for the Rational Analysis of Mobile Education (FRAME) model was used as the research framework to support data collection and analysis.FindingsThe aspects of device usability, interaction learning, and social technology as suggested in the FRAME model were partly fulfilled in the study. Mobile technology enhanced the portability and accessibility of learning information, and networking tools facilitated interaction among students and between students and the teacher. However, the readability of text was limited due to constraints on the user interface and screen size, and concerns over the reliability of learning content were also raised, given the abundance of unfiltered online information. The difficulty in updating the content of multimedia materials and sourcing videos of an appropriate level, together with the problem of device networking, also limited the usefulness of mobile learning. Attention should also be paid to the perceptual differences between students and the teacher on the nature and functions of mobile learning.Originality/valueThis empirical study provides a detailed evaluation of the delivery of mobile learning in a nursing course. The findings reveal the strengths and limitations of using mobile technologies to support the nursing education.
Who wants to be an angel investor? The characteristics of the high net worth individuals in the Chilean resource periphery
Authors: Romaní Gianni , Atienza Miguel , Campos Felipe , Bahamondes Pablo , Hernández Rodrigo 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify and analyse the characteristics of high net worth individuals (HNWI) as potential angel investor in Antofagasta, the main mining resource periphery in Chile.Design/methodology/approachUsing the resource periphery approach and angel investing, the authors apply a survey to a sample of 37 HNWI in this region. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics.FindingsDescriptive results show that the characteristics of these individuals do not significantly differ from those exhibited by angel investors in developed countries and that HNWI show a relative high willingness to become angels and to form a network.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper has some limitations regarding the size and scope of the sample. It is a relatively short sample that does not allow to make more sophisticated analysis and it is only regional and, therefore, it is not possible to make a comparison at a national level.Practical implicationsFrom the perspective the design of policies and programmes oriented towards the promotion of a high potential start-ups in resources peripheries, it is essential to know what the characteristics of HNWI are and their propensity to become angel investors.Originality/valueResearch on angel investment has been traditionally based on the experience of core regions in developed countries. This type of funding source, however, can play a significant role in the promotion of development and diversification in resource peripheries due to the limited access that these areas have to traditional capital funds and the orientation of angel investment towards innovative ventures, but studies from this perspective are very scarce. In this sense, this paper is pioneer in this topic in peripheral regions.
Internationalization and performance: the role of depth and breadth
Authors: Velez-Calle Andres , Sanchez-Henriquez Fernando , Contractor Farok 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between multinationality and firm performance (M-P) in Latin American companies, commonly referred to as multilatinas. The study conceptualizes the depth (intensity) and breadth (geographical scope) of internationalization and examines their effect on financial performance. Although scholars have studied how internationalization in various contexts and industries affects performance, little is known about firms in Latin America.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted an analysis of the effect of the depth and breadth of multilatina internationalization on financial performance by creating a database using information fromAmerica Economia, a specialized Chilean magazine that publishes an annual ranking of multilatinas. Additional data came from the Osiris database of Bureau Van Dijk and Compustat. The hypotheses were tested using an autoregressive heteroskedastic model.FindingsThe results show that the extent of the depth and breadth of internationalization affects financial performance. Multilatinas’ depth of internationalization has a curvilinear (U-shaped) impact on performance while breadth has an inverted curvilinear impact on performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe theory portion and results expand the literature on firm internationalization and performance by distinguishing between two types of international firm expansion, depth and breadth, and discussing how each contributes to different stages of the three-stage theory of multinationality and performance.Originality/valueThe findings indicate that multilatinas benefit from their regional expansion, but outside Latin America, expansion has a negative effect on financial performance. They also show that firms can implement different types of internationalization strategies in terms of intensity and scope to achieve better performance.
Bibliometric analysis of indexed research on corporate social responsibility in Latin America (2000-2017)
Authors: Jaén María Helena , Auletta Nunzia , Bruni Celli Josefina , Pocaterra Melanie 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThis paper presents an overview of Latin American (LA) publications on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and closely related themes that appear in ISI Thompson Reuters Social Science Citation Index journals, in the period 2000-2017. The purpose of this paper is twofold. The first is to understand the institutional context in which this research is being produced, and to reflect on how it can be improved. The second is to map out key research strands in this literature, to discuss its achievements and limitations, and identify opportunities for future research.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative-qualitative systematic review was performed using a standard bibliometric approach. A total of 148 articles from 36 journals, indexed in the ISI Thompson Reuters Social Science Citation Index, were selected and analyzed. A systematic analysis was performed, based on a review protocol, which comprised following eight steps: research objectives, article search, articles selection, article identification, root themes coding, data coding, data coding validation and content analysis.FindingsResearch about CSR Latin America features a very low citation record. It is also very fragmented. Both of these characteristics reflect little conversation amongst scholars publishing on this topic in indexed venues. More generally, participation in these venues reflects the location of scholars working on this topic as peripheral actors in scholarly conversations. The study identifies many opportunities for future research that attend to key issues that are relevant for Latin America and that will stimulate a more dynamic conversation among scholars interested in the region.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, this study is limited to articles on CSR research on LA published in ISI journals. It does not show the whole trend of other academic and managerial publications in the region. Second, although the articles selected were retrieved based on 17 search terms derived from the theoretical framework, the complexity of CSR-related themes and its evolution could have caused some terms, and therefore publications, to be left out.Practical implicationsResults provide scholars interested in the region with updated information about the state of research on the topic and about opportunities for future research. They also provide business schools in the region with a valuable input for a comprehensive reflection on research policy.Social implicationsIn the 30th anniversary of Academia (Revista Latinoamericana de Administración), this study offers recommendations on how research on CRS in Latin America could be made more visible and relevant.Originality/valueThis is the first bibliometric analysis of scholarly publications on CSR and related issues in Latin America. It is also unique in addressing institutional factors that may be conditioning intellectual production on the topic.
Will my own perception be enough?
Authors: Wu Wen , Wang Haihua (Jason) , Lu Lu 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to fill important gaps by using the belongingness theory and examining the effects of individual-level workplace ostracism on members’ voice behavior and the effects of group-level workplace ostracism.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used samples of 77 groups from a high-technological company.FindingsIndividual-level workplace ostracism is detrimental to group members’ promotive and prohibitive voice behavior, and group members’ belongingness mediates such effect; and group-level workplace ostracism is negatively related to group cohesion. The influence of group members’ perception of ostracism on their voice behavior is contingent on overall level of ostracism.Originality/valueDespite of a growing body of studies on workplace ostracism “the extent to which an individual perceives that he or she is ignored or excluded by others at workplace”, the effects of workplace ostracism on individual’s voice behavior in group settings have received scant attention.