bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nest and brood site selection of eastern wild turkeys
Authors: Wood Jeremy D. , Cohen Bradley S. , Conner L. Mike , Collier Bret A. , Chamberlain Michael J. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTManagement of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forests relies on frequent prescribed fire to maintain desirable plant communities. Prescribed fire is often applied while female wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are reproductively active and may immediately affect habitat availability and demographic outcomes. We identified covariates affecting selection of areas used by nesting and brooding females and determined if these covariates influenced nest and brood survival in a longleaf pine ecosystem. We captured 63 female wild turkeys and measured vegetation and landscape characteristics surrounding nests, brood roosts, and daytime use sites. We used conditional logistic regression to determine which vegetation and landscape‐scale characteristics influenced nest, brood roost, or daytime use sites. We generated Cox proportional hazard models at multiple spatial scales to determine if selection influenced nest and brood survival. Females selected nest sites with greater visual obstruction and increased ground cover, and also nested closer to roads. We observed relevant differences in vegetation and landscape variables associated with where females chose to roost broods compared to sites chosen for foraging or loafing. Females roosted broods at sites with increased ground cover and decreased visual obstruction, and daytime use by broods was most related to increases in ground cover. Time‐since‐fire was an informative covariate for brood site selection but not for nest site selection. Females selected brood roost sites in stands not recently burned (3–6 yr post‐fire), and selected daytime use sites in stands burned the current year (0 yr post‐fire) and 2 years post‐fire. We failed to observe links between selection of vegetation and landscape covariates and probability of nest or brood survival. Notably, our results suggest short (i.e., 1–2 yr) fire return intervals do not provide vegetation communities selected by females to roost broods. Conversely, stands burned within the current year were important for daytime use by broods. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the importance of maintaining diverse fire return intervals to ensure availability of vegetation conditions necessary for nesting and brooding. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
In Vitro Study of Colon Cancer Cell Migration Using E‐Jet 3D Printed Cell Culture Platforms
Authors: Zhong Juchang , Zhang Yingjie , Chen Jingfei , Huang Ruiying , Yang Yikun , Chen Haoxiang , Huang Yuan , Tan Weihong , Tan Zhikai 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe development of accurate and predictive in vitro experimental models of human tumors consistent with in vivo tumor microenvironments has garnered great attention in modern cancer research. 3D scaffolds are fabricated in this study by E‐jet 3D printing with the aim of replicating the functionalities of tumor microenvironments in vitro which could be applicable as screening platforms for novel therapeutic strategies. Tumor protein 53 (p53) plays an important role in penetration and migration in 2D cell culture. However, whether or not p53 has the same function in 3D cell culture and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Results show that p53 deletion significantly decreases the speed of migration and proliferation of cancer cells within 3D environments. This study unveils aspects of cancer cell motility and migration and the steps involved in subsequent cancer metastases, which provides a new perspective and platform for the research of tumor metastasis therapy.
Preparation of Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)‐Based Composite Microfibers for Postoperative Treatment of Tumor in NIR I and NIR II Biowindows
Authors: Ye Changqing , Zhao Jiulong , Zheng Yuting , Wu Chenyao , Chen Ying , Wu Huan , An Xiao , Huang Mingxian , Wang Shige 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this work, a novel kind of electrospun microfiber to deliver a photothermal agent and an anticancer drug to tumor sites is explored. Photothermal therapy agent (MoS2 nanosheets) and doxorubicin (DOX) are incorporated with poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) microfiber via electrospinning a solution of PLGA, MoS2, and DOX. The designed microfiber with uniform fibrous morphology and negligible in vitro/in vivo hemo‐/histo‐toxicity is used as a durable photothermal agent, which shows an excellent photothermal transform ability and acceptable photothermal stability in both the first and second near‐infrared light (NIR I and II) biowindows. The synergistic in vivo tumor chemotherapy and photothermal therapy efficiency of the composite microfibers are studied in postoperative treatment of cancer. It is found that the tumor postoperative reoccurrence can be completely prohibited owing to the synergistic tumor therapy efficiency in both the NIR I and NIR II biowindows.
Palladium‐SCS Pincer Complexes as Cross‐Linking Moieties in Self‐Healing Metallopolymers
Authors: Götz Stefan , Geitner Robert , Abend Marcus , Siegmann Michael , Zechel Stefan , Vitz Jürgen , Gräfe Stefanie , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMetallopolymers combine properties of metal complexes and polymers and are thus interesting materials for a wide field of different applications. One current major field is the utilization as self‐healing polymers, and for this purpose, palladium‐SCS pincer complexes are synthesized. Well‐defined copolymers featuring those metal complexes in the side chain are obtained using the reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization technique. By the addition of a tetravalent pyridine cross‐linkers, reversible cross‐linked supramolecular networks are prepared, enabling self‐healing properties. By utilizing density functional theory calculations, IR, and Raman spectroscopy, as well as isothermal titration calorimetry, the complex formation, reversibility, and stability are studied. The information of these experiments also enables further optimizations for the design of similar reversible systems in the future.
Improved sensitivity and temporal resolution in perfusion FMRI using velocity selective inversion ASL
Authors: Hernandez‐Garcia Luis , Nielsen Jon‐Fredrik , Noll Douglas C. 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThis work aims to investigate the utility of velocity selective inversion pulses for perfusion weighted functional MRI.MethodsTracer kinetic properties of velocity selective inversion (VSI) pulses as an input function for an arterial spin labeling (ASL) experiment were characterized in a group of healthy participants. Numerical simulations were conducted to search for a robust set of timing parameters for FMRI time series acquisition with maximal signal to noise ratio efficiency. The performance of three VSI pulse sequences with different timing parameters was compared with a pseudocontinuous ASL sequence in a simple FMRI experiment conducted on healthy participants.ResultsThe fit to the tracer kinetic model yielded arterial CBV of 1.24% ± 0.52% and 0.45 ± 0.11% and perfusion rates of 60.8 ± 32.3 and 34.4 ± 5.4 mL/min/100 g for gray and white matter, respectively. Bolus arrival times were estimated as 75.7 ± 21 ms and 349 ± 78 ms for gray and white matter, respectively. The FMRI experiments showed that VSI pulses yield comparable sensitivity to PCASL with similar timing parameters (TR = 4 s). However, VSI pulses could be used at a faster acquisition speed (TR = 3 s) and were more sensitive to neuronal activity than PCASL pulses, as evidenced by the 31% higher Z scores obtained on average in the active regions.ConclusionVSI pulses can be very beneficial for perfusion weighted functional MRI because of their tracer kinetic characteristics, which allow a faster acquisition rate while maintaining an efficient labeling input function.
Computation of exact g‐factor maps in 3D GRAPPA reconstructions
Authors: Rabanillo‐Viloria Iñaki , Zhu Ante , Aja‐Fernández Santiago , Alberola‐López Carlos , Hernando Diego 
Published: September 2018

PurposeTo characterize the noise distributions in 3D‐MRI accelerated acquisitions reconstructed with GRAPPA using an exact noise propagation analysis that operates directly in k‐space.Theory and MethodsWe exploit the extensive symmetries and separability in the reconstruction steps to account for the correlation between all the acquired k‐space samples. Monte Carlo simulations and multi‐repetition phantom experiments were conducted to test both the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed method; a high‐resolution in‐vivo experiment was performed to assess the applicability of our method to clinical scenarios.ResultsOur theoretical derivation shows that the direct k‐space analysis renders an exact noise characterization under the assumptions of stationarity and uncorrelation in the original k‐space. Simulations and phantom experiments provide empirical support to the theoretical proof. Finally, the high‐resolution in‐vivo experiment demonstrates the ability of the proposed method to assess the impact of the sub‐sampling pattern on the overall noise behavior.ConclusionsBy operating directly in the k‐space, the proposed method is able to provide an exact characterization of noise for any Cartesian pattern sub‐sampled along the two phase‐encoding directions. Exploitation of the symmetries and separability into independent blocks through the image reconstruction procedure allows us to overcome the computational challenges related to the very large size of the covariance matrices involved.
Pediatric Nasogastric Tube Placement and Verification: Best Practice Recommendations From the NOVEL Project
Authors: Irving Sharon Y. , Rempel Gina , Lyman Beth , Sevilla Wednesday Marie A. , Northington LaDonna , Guenter Peggi ,   The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe placement of a nasogastric tube (NGT) in a pediatric patient is a common practice that is generally perceived as a benign bedside procedure. There is potential risk for NGT misplacement with each insertion. A misplaced NGT compromises patient safety, increasing the risk for serious and even fatal complications. There is no standardized method for verification of the initial NGT placement or reverification assessment of NGT location prior to use. Measurement of the acidity or pH of the gastric aspirate is the most frequently used evidence‐based method to verify NGT placement. The radiograph, when properly obtained and interpreted, is considered the gold standard to verify NGT location. However, the uncertainty regarding cumulative radiation exposure related to radiographs in pediatric patients is a concern. To minimize risk and improve patient safety, there is a need to identify best practice and to standardize care for initial and ongoing NGT location verification. This article provides consensus recommendations for best practice related to NGT location verification in pediatric patients. These consensus recommendations are not intended as absolute policy statements; instead, they are intended to supplement but not replace professional training and judgment. These consensus recommendations have been approved by the American Society for Parental and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) Board of Directors.
The electronic structure of molecules with the BF and BCl bond in light of the topological analysis of electron localization function: Possibility of multiple bonds?
Authors: Mierzwa Grzegorz , Gordon Agnieszka J. , Berski Slawomir 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTopological analysis of electron localisation function (ELF) has been used to study the nature of the BX (X = F, Cl) bonds in 26 molecules. Twelve small molecules with formal BX, BX, and BX bonds and 14 organoboron molecules with the BCl bond from the Cambridge Structural Database have been studied using CCSD, DFT(M062x) methods. As the V(B,F) basin population for the investigated molecules is smaller than 4 and 6e, the existence of BX, BX bonds is not confirmed. The results show higher polarity of BF bonds as compared to the BCl bonds. Electronic structure of selected molecules has been discussed from the ELF‐topological perspective.
The horizontal reactive media treatment well (HRX Well®) for passive in situ remediation: Design, implementation, and sustainability considerations
Authors: Divine Craig E. , Wright Jesse , Wang Jack , McDonough Jeff , Kladias Michael , Crimi Michelle , Nzeribe Blossom N. , Devlin J.F. , Lubrecht Michael , Ombalski Daniel , Hodge Billy , Voscott Hoa , Gerber Kathleen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA new in situ remediation concept termed a Horizontal Reactive Media Treatment Well (HRX Well®) is presented that utilizes a horizontal well filled with reactive media to passively treat contaminated groundwater in situ. The approach involves the use of a large‐diameter directionally drilled horizontal well filled with solid reactive media installed parallel to the direction of groundwater flow. The engineered contrast in hydraulic conductivity between the high in‐well reactive media and the ambient aquifer hydraulic conductivity results in the passive capture, treatment, and discharge back to the aquifer of proportionally large volumes of groundwater. Capture and treatment widths of up to tens of feet can be achieved for many aquifer settings, and reductions in downgradient concentrations and contaminant mass flux are nearly immediate. Many different types of solid‐phase reactive treatment media are already available (zero valent iron, granular activated carbon, biodegradable particulate organic matter, slow‐release oxidants, ion exchange resins, zeolite, apatite, etc.). Therefore, this concept could be used to address a wide range of contaminants. Laboratory and pilot‐scale test results and numerical flow and transport model simulations are presented that validate the concept. The HRX Well can access contaminants not accessible by conventional vertical drilling and requires no aboveground treatment or footprint and requires limited ongoing maintenance. A focused feasibility evaluation and alternatives analysis highlights the potential cost and sustainability advantages of the HRX Well compared to groundwater extraction and treatment systems or funnel and gate permeable reactive barrier technologies for long‐term plume treatment. This paper also presents considerations for design and implementation for a planned upcoming field installation.
Overview of state approaches to vapor intrusion: 2018
Authors: Eklund Bart , Beckley Lila , Rago Rich 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRegulatory requirements for the evaluation of vapor intrusion vary significantly among states. For site owners and responsible parties that have sites in different regulatory jurisdictions, one challenge is to know and understand how the requirements or expectations for vapor intrusion differ from one jurisdiction to the next. Differences in requirements can make it difficult to manage sites in a consistent manner across jurisdictions. Eklund, Folkes, et al. (2007, February, Environmental Manager, 10–14) published an overview of state guidance for vapor intrusion in 2007 that provided a detailed summary of pathway screening values and other key vapor intrusion policies. An update by Eklund, Beckley, et al. (2012, Remediation, 22, 7–20) was published in 2012, which expanded the evaluation to additional states. Since that time, numerous states have substantially revised their guidance and some states that did not have vapor intrusion‐specific guidance have issued new guidance. This article provides an update to the 2012 study. For each state, the review includes tabulations of the types of screening values included (e.g., groundwater, soil, soil gas, indoor air) and the screening values for selected chemicals that commonly drive vapor intrusion investigations (i.e., trichloroethylene [TCE], tetrachloroethylene, and benzene) along with other compounds of potential interest. In addition, for each state, the article summarizes a number of key policy decisions that are important for the investigation of vapor intrusion including: distance screening criteria, default subsurface to indoor air attenuation factors, mitigation criteria, and policies for evaluation of short‐term TCE exposure.
Bioprocess technology for coal washery effluent treatment by Lemna minor
Authors: Selvi V. A. , Kumar A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDuckweed species are promising macrophytes that can be used in wastewater treatment due to their rapid growth, ease of harvest, low fiber feed potential, and high protein contents. Waste‐water contaminants that are likely to be generated during washing of coal are total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), acidity or alkalinity (pH), and metallic contaminants. Bioprocesses were developed to evaluate the potential of duckweed (Lemna minor) to treat coal washery effluent (CWE) as well as to study the impact on the biochemical changes of the Lemna minor. CWE samples were diluted with distilled water (DW) in different ratios as follows: T1‐CWE:DW(20:80%), T2‐CWE:DW(40:60%), T3‐CWE:DW(60:40%), T4‐CWE:DW (80:20%), T5‐CWE (100%), and Control‐DW(100%). The electrical conductivity of the effluent treated with Lemna minor was 0.035 deciSiemens per meter (dS/m) in the control at Day 10 and substantially higher at treatment ratios of 100, 80, and 60 percent (1.754, 1.842, and 1.631 dS/m). The highest amount of TSS was observed at test ratio T5 (38,834 mg/L), followed by T4 (28,816 mg/L), T3 (26,970 mg/L), T2 (15,320 mg/L), T1 (4,524 mg/L), and control (424 mg/L). Total hardness was higher (820 mg/L) in T4 compared to the control (220 mg/L). Total hardness of the effluent decreased after 30 days of incubation in all the treatment aliquots. The CWE at 20 percent concentration increased the duckweed population and no adverse impacts on its growth were observed. At higher concentration (T5) total mortality of Lemna minor was observed. The chlorophyll production was determined to be inversely proportional to the effluent concentration. Based on this study, it is concluded that Lemna minor can be used for treating CWE after dilution with fresh water.
Yolk‐Shell Structured Fe3O4 @ Copper Silicate as Catalyst for Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Huang Kai , Wang Huiping 
Published: September 2018

AbstractYolk‐shell structured Fe3O4@copper silicates (FCSs) were prepared and applied for catalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). The samples were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS and N2 sorption isotherms. FCS prepared with trisodium citrate, named FtCS, presented better catalytic performance than FcCS (FCS prepared with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)) and other catalysts reported recently. Four successive runs of FtCS along with the negligible Cu2+ leaching (6 ppm) certified that the composite was stable. The results showed that copper component ≡Cu(II) in FtCS was the main active phase which promoted H2O2 to produce hydroxyl radicles (HO⋅) resulting in the MB decomposition.
A Molecular Figure of Eight: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Prusty Sidheswari , Podh Mana Bhanjan , Purohit Chandra Shekhar 
Published: September 2018

AbstractProving different structure of topologically similar elements are difficult without their molecular structure. In this work, we report the synthesis of molecular figure of eight, with Co(III) template using click chemistry for ring closing. However, this reaction can yield both [2]catenane and figure of eight complexes. In order to prove the conformation, we synthesize an analogous [2]catenane Co(III) complex exclusively, using a different strategy. Both the compounds are characterized by NMR spectroscopy and HPLC.
Unusual Polyamines from Baikalian Diatoms
Authors: Annenkov Vadim V. , Verkhozina Ol'ga N. , Zelinskiy Stanislav N. , Shishlyannikova Tatyana A. , Bridoux Maxime C. , Danilovtseva Elena N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSiliceous frustules of diatom algae contain a low amount of organic substances which are buried in the silicon dioxide and remain intact after a thousands years in marine and lake sediments. These substances are studied as potential silicification agents which are responsible for formation of the biosilica. On the other hand, the organic compounds from sediments are a prospective source of carbon and nitrogen for isotopic paleoreconstructions. The main part of these compounds from marine diatoms consists of polyamines which contain trimethylene insertions between nitrogen atoms. The study of polyamines from siliceous frustules of Baikalian diatom Stephanodiscus meyeri Genkal & Popovskaya revealed the presence of a new type of polyamine that contains tetramethylene insertions between nitrogen atoms in the repeating units. The other freshwater diatom Ulnaria ferefusiformis Kulikovskiy & Lange‐Bertalot contained polyamines with trimethylene insertions similar to those in the previously‐studied marine diatoms and the Baikal sediments contained polyamines of both types. These results are important to understanding the role of polyamines in silica biosynthesis. The species specificity of the polyamine structure can be applied as a new paleo marker.
Transacetalization of Solketal: A Greener Route to Bioglycerol‐Based Speciality Chemicals
Authors: Samoilov Vadim O. , Ni Denis S. , Maximov Anton L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn the present study the potential of solketal transacetalization reaction has been demonstrated as an effective method of synthesis of acetals of glycerol and lipophilic carbonyl compounds (2‐ethylhexanal, n‐decanal, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone). In solketal transacetalization with 2‐ethylhexanal reaction rate was significantly higher than of direct acetalization of glycerol both with and without a solvent because on the contrary to glycerol solketal is freely miscible with lipophilic compounds. Unlike the direct acetalization, reaction rate increased along with the temperature with no losses in equilibrium conversion. Furthermore, by stripping of by‐product acetone from the reaction zone we have succeeded in increasing the product yield in one‐pot synthesis to 97–98%, so that no further purification is needed. Finally, transacetalization was shown to be catalyzed with solid acids much more efficiently than the direct reaction (the cheap and eco‐friendly montmorillonite K‐10 catalyst was found to be the most active). Based on the regulations revealed, a green atom‐efficient synthetic protocol to obtain higher glycerol acetals and ketals has been proposed.
Fabrication of Silica Membrane through Surface‐Induced Condensation on Porous Block Copolymer
Authors: Zhou Meimei , Luo Pingping , Li Aowen , Wu Yi‐nan , Khan Muhammad Imran , Lyu Jiqiang , Li Fengting , Li Guangtao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNanoporous structures generated from micro‐phase separation of block copolymers (BCPs) have been used as templates for fabrication of inorganic materials through atomic layer deposition (ALD), chemical vapor deposition, sol‐gel process, and electrodeposition. However, the previous deposition methods are suffering from unmanageable preparation conditions and demanding technical requirements. In this work, bioinspired synthesis was used as replicating technique to fabricate silica porous membrane on swelling‐induced polystyrene‐block‐poly (2‐vinyl pyridine) (PS‐b‐P2VP) membrane with bicontinuous nanopores. It was found that silica nanoporous membranes were successfully obtained on PS‐b‐P2VP under benign conditions (near‐neutral pH, low temperature, and ambient pressure) from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Moreover, the thickness of silica films could be regulated by the amount of water in the TEOS solution. The mechanism could be inferred that pyridine groups in P2VP domains can act as a catalyst for the insertion and polymerization reactions of silanol from hydrolysis of TEOS to form silica due to the hydrogen bonding between pyridine groups and Si‐OH in silanol. The proposed method offers a facile and controllable synthesis strategy to fabricate nanoporous silica membrane.