bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recyclable Liquid Metal‐Based Circuit on Paper
Authors: Li Fali , Qin Qin , Zhou Youlin , Wu Yuanzhao , Xue Wuhong , Gao Shuang , Shang Jie , Liu Yiwei , Li Run‐Wei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPaper electronics is considered very environmentally friendly, but effective recyclability of metallic circuits on paper still needs more improvement. Therefore, liquid metal (Galinstan) circuits based on the reversible conversion from particles to wires are fabricated on paper using mechanical methods, i.e., mechanical sintering and sonication. Line‐width of liquid metal (LM) circuit is kept in the range of 10 µm to ≥0.5 mm by controlling the sintering force. The results demonstrate that LM circuits exhibit high electrical stability during deformation, as resistance changes only ≤4% after the passage of 10 000 folding cycles. Meanwhile, LM particles spread on paper's porous structures, have enhanced the thermal diffusivity of paper and make paper electronics work in a facile temperature when integrated with high density units. More importantly, the reborn circuits exhibit almost identical electrical stability under deformation and thermal characteristic with pristine ones, thus making LM circuits environmentally friendly during their whole life span.
High‐Efficiency Blue Dual‐Emissive Exciplex Boosts Full‐Radiative White Electroluminescence
Authors: Duan Chunbo , Han Chunmiao , Du Ruiming , Wei Ying , Xu Hui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRegarding lighting application, the main challenges for white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) include the complicated structure, the high cost, and the low repeatability, which are attributed to the stringent requirement on the exciton allocation and utilization in multiradiation systems. Herein, an effective “full‐radiation white emission (FRWE)” strategy for the dynamic exciton allocation is successfully demonstrated by the first dual‐emissive blue‐emitting exciplex mCP:pTPOTZ. On the basis of an ultrasimple trilayer structure and bimaterial/trimaterial systems, its blue, yellow, and white devices realize state‐of‐the‐art performances. Especially, mCP:pTPOTZ supports its WOLEDs with ultralow driving voltages and extremely high efficiencies beyond 90 lm−1 and 24%, accompanied by a negligible roll‐off less than 10% at 1000 cd m−2. This work not only establishes a feasible method to construct dual‐emissive exciplex systems through the modulation of the donor–acceptor packing modes, but also demonstrates the superiority of FRWE strategy in 100% exciton harvesting and quenching suppression, which makes simple but high‐performance WOLED‐based lighting sources become a reality.
Nanoscale Polarization Manipulation and Encryption Based on Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Zhao Ruizhe , Huang Lingling , Tang Chengchun , Li Junjie , Li Xiaowei , Wang Yongtian , Zentgraf Thomas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractManipulating the polarization of light is highly desired for versatile applications ranging from super resolution, optical trapping, to particle acceleration. The enormous freedom in metasurface design motivates the implementation of polarization control in ultrathin and compact optical systems. However, the majority of proposed strategies based on metasurfaces have demonstrated only a spatially homogeneous polarization generation, while less attention has been devoted to spatially variant inhomogeneous vector beams. Here, a novel method for generating arbitrary radial and azimuthal polarization beams with high efficiencies of up to 80% is demonstrated by utilizing transmission‐type dielectric metasurfaces. Polarization conversion metasurfaces are suitable candidates for the implementation of polarization encryption, which is demonstrated by encoding a hidden image into the spatial polarization distribution. In addition, it is shown that the image pattern can be modified by appropriate polarization selection of the transmitted light. Such a method may provide a practical technique for a variety of applications such as imaging, encryption, and anticounterfeiting.
Enhanced Melanoma‐Targeted Therapy by “Fru‐Blocked” Phenyboronic Acid‐Modified Multiphase Antimetastatic Micellar Nanoparticles
Authors: Long Yang , Lu Zhengze , Mei Ling , Li Man , Ren Kebai , Wang Xuhui , Tang Jiajing , Zhang Zhirong , He Qin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMetastasis remains the main driver of mortality in patients suffering from cancer because of the refractoriness resulting from the multi‐phase metastatic cascade. Herein, a multifunctional self‐delivering PBA‐LMWH‐TOS nanoparticle (PLT NP) is established that acts as both nanocarrier and anti‐metastatic agent with effects on most hematogenous metastases of cancers. The hydrophilic segment (low molecular weight heparin, LMWH) inhibits the interactions between tumor cells and platelets. The hydrophobic segment (d‐α‐tocopheryl succinate, TOS) could inhibit the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) in B16F10 cells which is first reported in this article. Surprisingly, even the blank NPs showed excellent anti‐metastatic capacity in three mouse models by acting on different phases of the metastatic cascade. Moreover, the overexpression of sialic acid (SA) residues on tumor cells is implicated in the malignant and metastatic phenotypes of cancers. Thus, these 3‐aminophenylboronic acid (PBA)‐modified doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded NPs offer an efficient approach for the treatment of both solid melanomas and metastases. Furthermore, a simple pH‐sensitive “Fructose (Fru)‐blocking” coping strategy is established to reduce the NP distribution in normal tissues and distinctly increases the accumulation in melanoma tumors. These micellar NPs consisting of biocompatible materials offer a promising approach for the clinical therapy of highly invasive solid tumors and metastases.
Bifunctionality from Synergy: CoP Nanoparticles Embedded in Amorphous CoOx Nanoplates with Heterostructures for Highly Efficient Water Electrolysis
Authors: Yu Jie , Zhong Yijun , Wu Xinhao , Sunarso Jaka , Ni Meng , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHydrogen production from renewable electricity relies upon the development of an efficient alkaline water electrolysis device and, ultimately, upon the availability of low cost and stable electrocatalysts that can promote oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Normally, different electrocatalysts are applied for HER and OER because of their different reaction intermediates and mechanisms. Here, the synthesis of a heterostructured CoP@a‐CoOx plate, which constitutes the embedded crystalline cobalt phosphide (CoP) nanoclusters and amorphous cobalt oxides (CoOx) nanoplates matrix, via a combined solvothermal and low temperature phosphidation route is reported. Due to the presence of synergistic effect between CoP nanoclusters and amorphous CoOx nanoplates in the catalyst, created from the strong nanointerfaces electronic interactions between CoP and CoOx phases in its heterostructure, this composite displays very high OER activity in addition to favorable HER activity that is comparable to the performance of the IrO2 OER benchmark and approached that of the Pt/C HER benchmark. More importantly, an efficient and stable alkaline water electrolysis operation is achieved using CoP@a‐CoOx plate as both cathode and anode as evidenced by the obtainment of a relatively low potential of 1.660 V at a 10 mA cm−2 current density and its marginal increase above 1.660 V over 30 h continuous operation.
Toward Perceptive Soft Robots: Progress and Challenges
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Totaro Massimo , Beccai Lucia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the past few years, soft robotics has rapidly become an emerging research topic, opening new possibilities for addressing real‐world tasks. Perception can enable robots to effectively explore the unknown world, and interact safely with humans and the environment. Among all extero‐ and proprioception modalities, the detection of mechanical cues is vital, as with living beings. A variety of soft sensing technologies are available today, but there is still a gap to effectively utilize them in soft robots for practical applications. Here, the developments in soft robots with mechanical sensing are summarized to provide a comprehensive understanding of the state of the art in this field. Promising sensing technologies for mechanically perceptive soft robots are described, categorized, and their pros and cons are discussed. Strategies for designing soft sensors and criteria to evaluate their performance are outlined from the perspective of soft robotic applications. Challenges and trends in developing multimodal sensors, stretchable conductive materials and electronic interfaces, modeling techniques, and data interpretation for soft robotic sensing are highlighted. The knowledge gap and promising solutions toward perceptive soft robots are discussed and analyzed to provide a perspective in this field.
Terminal Alkyne Coupling Reactions through a Ring: Mechanistic Insights and Regiochemical Switching
Authors: Storey Caroline M. , Gyton Matthew R. , Andrew Rhiann E. , Chaplin Adrian B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe mechanism and selectivity of terminal alkyne coupling reactions promoted by rhodium(I) complexes of NHC‐based CNC pincer ligands have been investigated. Synthetic and kinetic experiments support E‐ and gem‐enyne formation through a common reaction sequence involving hydrometallation and rate‐determining C−C bond reductive elimination. The latter is significantly affected by the ligand topology: Employment of a macrocyclic variant enforced exclusive head‐to‐head coupling, contrasting the high selectivity for head‐to‐tail coupling observed for the corresponding acyclic pincer ligand.
A Size‐Reducible Nanodrug with an Aggregation‐Enhanced Photodynamic Effect for Deep Chemo‐Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Ji Chendong , Gao Qin , Dong Xinghua , Yin Wenyan , Gu Zhanjun , Gan Zhihua , Zhao Yuliang , Yin Meizhen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFluorescent dyes with multi‐functionality are of great interest for photo‐based cancer theranostics. However, their low singlet oxygen quantum yield impedes their potential applications for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Now, a molecular self‐assembly strategy is presented for a nanodrug with a remarkably enhanced photodynamic effect based on a dye‐chemodrug conjugate. The self‐assembled nanodrug possesses an increased intersystem crossing rate owing to the aggregation of dye, leading to a distinct singlet oxygen quantum yield (Φ(1O2)). Subsequently, upon red light irradiation, the generated singlet oxygen reduces the size of the nanodrug from 90 to 10 nm, which facilitates deep tumor penetration of the nanodrug and release of chemodrug. The nanodrug achieved in situ tumor imaging and potent tumor inhibition by deep chemo‐PDT. Our work verifies a facile and effective self‐assembly strategy to construct nanodrugs with enhanced performance for cancer theranostics.
Influence of rearing temperature on triacylglycerol storage in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum
Authors: Hubhachen Zhaorigetu , Madden Robin D. , Dillwith Jack W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTotal fatty acids in the pea aphid reared at low temperatures increased significantly compared to that at high rearing temperatures. This change is reflected in a large increase of myristic acid, which occurs exclusively in triacylglycerols. When aphids were moved from 25°C to a lower rearing temperature at 10°C, saturated fatty acids accumulated over time, reaching a maximum at 16th day. When aphids were moved to 4°C, a temperature below the developmental threshold, those aphids did not accumulate saturated fatty acids. Similar results were observed when aphids were exposed to sequential decrease in rearing temperature. However, both total fatty acids and myristic acid in the aphids from the treatments of sequential decreasing rearing temperature were significantly higher compared to those in the aphids from the treatments of sudden decreasing rearing temperature. This result, therefore, supports the hypothesis that cold‐adapted aphids can survive under threshold temperature for a longer period of time than noncold‐adapted aphids. Acetyl‐CoA carboxylase activity in the aphids at 25°C was twofold higher than that in the aphids at 10°C, whereas fatty acid synthase activities in the aphids reared at 25 and 10°C are similar. Aphids reared at 10°C showed a threefold reduction in reproduction rates. This reduced production of new nymphs reduces energy demand and would allow for accumulation of energy in the form of triacylglycerols. Therefore, the increased level of saturated fatty acids in aphids reared at low temperature is probably related to lower utilization of fatty acids rather than increased rates of biosynthesis.
Stratiform Protein Microtube Reactors Containing Glucose Oxidase Layer
Authors: Adachi Ryo , Akiyama Motofusa , Morita Yoshitsugu , Komatsu Teruyuki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis and catalytic activities of stratiform protein microtube reactors containing a glucose oxidase (GOD) enzyme layer. The microtubes were fabricated by layer‐by‐layer assembly using a microporous polycarbonate membrane with human serum albumin (HSA), poly(l‐arginine) (PLA), and GOD. The GOD component was introduced into the tube wall as the innermost layer, the intermediate layer, or all internal protein layers. SEM observations revealed the formation of uniform hollow cylinders with ca. 1.17 μm outer diameter and ca. 135 nm wall thickness. In aqueous medium, each microtube catalyzed β‐d‐glucose oxidation with high efficiency. We first ascertained the enzyme parameters (Km and kcat) of these microtube reactors. Different catalytic activities that have dependent on the GOD layer position in the cylindrical wall have been elucidated.
A new toolkit for robust distributional change detection
Authors: Kißlinger Anna‐Lena , Stummer Wolfgang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDivergences (distances), which measure the dissimilarity, respectively, proximity, between two probability distributions, have turned out to be very useful for several different tasks in statistics (eg, parameter estimation and goodness‐of‐fit testing), econometrics, machine learning, information theory, etc. Some prominent examples are the Kullback‐Leibler information (relative entropy), the Csiszár‐Ali‐Silveyϕ‐divergences, the “ordinary” (ie, unscaled) Bregman divergences, and the recently developed more generalscaled Bregman divergences. Out of the latter and a novel extension to nonconvex generators, we form a new toolkit for detecting distributional changes in random data (streams and clouds). Some sample‐size asymptotics is investigated as well.
Extending the intensity model with joint defaults to incorporate the lasting effects from common credit events
Authors: Miao Daniel Wei‐Chung , Lin Xenos Chang‐Shuo , Yu Steve Hsin‐Ting , Lee Yung‐Hsin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper studies how the lasting effects of common credit events influence default probability distribution and the prices of multiname credit derivatives. Based on a joint defaults model where common credit events are used to generate simultaneous defaults, we extend the model to allow for their impacts to last for a longer while. The default intensity of each entity is heightened significantly while the impact still has an influence, until some time later when this effect fades away. Incorporating these lasting effects helps to generate higher default correlation, which is more consistent with today's highly correlated financial markets. The proposed model can be either formulated as a Markov chain or implemented by Monte Carlo simulation in order to calculate the default probability distributions and multiname derivatives prices. Our numerical results demonstrate the strong influences from the lasting effects and provide a justification of their incorporation.
Multivariate multiple test procedures based on nonparametric copula estimation
Authors: Neumann André , Bodnar Taras , Pfeifer Dietmar , Dickhaus Thorsten 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMultivariate multiple test procedures have received growing attention recently. This is due to the fact that data generated by modern applications typically are high‐dimensional, but possess pronounced dependencies due to the technical mechanisms involved in the experiments. Hence, it is possible and often necessary to exploit these dependencies in order to achieve reasonable power. In the present paper, we express dependency structures in the most general manner, namely, by means of copula functions. One class of nonparametric copula estimators is constituted by Bernstein copulae. We extend previous statistical results regarding bivariate Bernstein copulae to the multivariate case and study their impact on multiple tests. In particular, we utilize them to derive asymptotic confidence regions for the family‐wise error rate (FWER) of multiple test procedures that are empirically calibrated by making use of Bernstein copulae approximations of the dependency structure among the test statistics. This extends a similar approach by Stange et al. (2015) in the parametric case. A simulation study quantifies the gain in FWER level exhaustion and, consequently, power that can be achieved by exploiting the dependencies, in comparison with common threshold calibrations like the Bonferroni or Šidák corrections. Finally, we demonstrate an application of the proposed methodology to real‐life data from insurance.
Beyond mean modelling: Bias due to misspecification of dispersion in Poisson‐inverse Gaussian regression
Authors: Heller Gillian Z. , Couturier Dominique‐Laurent , Heritier Stephane R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn clinical trials one traditionally models the effect of treatment on the mean response. The underlying assumption is that treatment affects the response distribution through a mean location shift on a suitable scale, with other aspects of the distribution (shape/dispersion/variance) remaining the same. This work is motivated by a trial in Parkinson's disease patients in which one of the endpoints is the number of falls during a 10‐week period. Inspection of the data reveals that the Poisson‐inverse Gaussian (PiG) distribution is appropriate, and that the experimental treatment reduces not only the mean, but also the variability, substantially. The conventional analysis assumes a treatment effect on the mean, either adjusted or unadjusted for covariates, and a constant dispersion parameter. On our data, this analysis yields a non‐significant treatment effect. However, if we model a treatment effect on both mean and dispersion parameters, both effects are highly significant. A simulation study shows that if a treatment effect exists on the dispersion and is ignored in the modelling, estimation of the treatment effect on the mean can be severely biased. We show further that if we use an orthogonal parametrization of the PiG distribution, estimates of the mean model are robust to misspecification of the dispersion model. We also discuss inferential aspects that are more difficult than anticipated in this setting. These findings have implications in the planning of statistical analyses for count data in clinical trials.
Obesity surgery and risk of cancer
Authors: Mackenzie H , Markar S R , Askari A , Faiz O , Hull M , Purkayastha S , Møller H , Lagergren J 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Obesity increases the risk of several types of cancer. Whether bariatric surgery influences the risk of obesity-related cancer is not clear. This study aimed to uncover the risk of hormone-related (breast, endometrial and prostate), colorectal and oesophageal cancers following obesity surgery.

Methods
This national population-based cohort study used data from the Hospital Episode Statistics database in England collected between 1997 and 2012. Propensity matching on sex, age, co-morbidity and duration of follow-up was used to compare cancer risk among obese individuals undergoing bariatric surgery (gastric bypass, gastric banding or sleeve gastrectomy) and obese individuals not undergoing such surgery. Conditional logistic regression provided odds ratios (ORs) with 95 per cent confidence intervals.

Results
In the study period, from a cohort of 716 960 patients diagnosed with obesity, 8794 patients who underwent bariatric surgery were matched exactly with 8794 obese patients who did not have surgery. Compared with the no-surgery group, patients who had bariatric surgery exhibited a decreased risk of hormone-related cancers (OR 0·23, 95 per cent c.i. 0·18 to 0·30). This decrease was consistent for breast (OR 0·25, 0·19 to 0·33), endometrium (OR 0·21, 0·13 to 0·35) and prostate (OR 0·37, 0·17 to 0·76) cancer. Gastric bypass resulted in the largest risk reduction for hormone-related cancers (OR 0·16, 0·11 to 0·24). Gastric bypass, but not gastric banding or sleeve gastrectomy, was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (OR 2·63, 1·17 to 5·95). Longer follow-up after bariatric surgery strengthened these diverging associations.

Conclusion
Bariatric surgery is associated with decreased risk of hormone-related cancers, whereas gastric bypass might increase the risk of colorectal cancer.
Network meta-analysis of surgical management of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in adults
Authors: Amer M A , Smith M D , Khoo C H , Herbison G P , McCall J L 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Proton pump inhibitors are the mainstay of treatment for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, but are associated with ongoing costs and side-effects. Antireflux surgery is cost-effective and is preferred by many patients. A total (360o or Nissen) fundoplication is the traditional procedure, but other variations including partial fundoplications are also commonly performed, with the aim of achieving durable reflux control with minimal dysphagia. Many RCTs and some pairwise meta-analyses have compared some of these procedures but there is still uncertainty about which, if any, is superior. Network meta-analysis allows multiple simultaneous comparisons and robust synthesis of the available evidence in these situations. A network meta-analysis comparing all antireflux procedures was performed to identify which has the most favourable outcomes at short-term (3–12 months), medium-term (1–5 years) and long-term (10 years and more than 10 years) follow-up.

Methods
Article databases were searched systematically for all eligible RCTs. Primary outcomes were quality-of-life measures and dysphagia. Secondary outcomes included reflux symptoms, pH studies and complications.

Results
Fifty-one RCTs were included, involving 5357 patients and 14 different treatments. Posterior partial fundoplication ranked best in terms of reflux symptoms, and caused less dysphagia than most other interventions including Nissen fundoplication. This was consistent across all time points and outcome measures.

Conclusion
Posterior partial fundoplication provides the best balance of long-term, durable reflux control with less dysphagia, compared with other treatments.