bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demon
Authors: Xu Yu , Yao Jianguo , Dong Yaozu , Tian Kun , Zheng Xiao , Guan Haibing 
Published: December 2018

Memory Management Units (MMUs) for on-device address translation are widely used in modern devices. However, conventional solutions for on-device MMU virtualization, such as shadow page table implemented in mediated pass-through, still suffer from high complexity and low performance.
We present Demon, an efficient solution for on-DEvice MMU virtualizatiON in mediated pass-through. The key insight is that Demon takes advantage of IOMMU to construct a two-dimensional address translation and dynamically switches the 2nd-dimensional page table to a proper candidate when the device owner switches. In order to support fine-grained parallelism for the device with multiple engines, we put forward a hardware proposal that separates the address space of each engine and enables simultaneous device address remapping for multiple virtual machines (VMs). We implement Demon with a prototype named gDemon which virtualizes Intel GPU MMU. Nonetheless, Demon is not limited to this particular case. Evaluations show that gDemon provides up to 19.73x better performance in the media transcoding workloads and achieves performance improvement of up to 17.09% and 13.73% in the 2D benchmarks and 3D benchmarks, respectively, compared with gVirt. The current release of gDemon scales up to 6 VMs with moderate performance in our experiments. In addition, gDemon simplifies the implementation of GPU MMU virtualization with 37% code reduction.
Persistency for synchronization-free regions
Authors: Gogte Vaibhav , Diestelhorst Stephan , Wang William , Narayanasamy Satish , Chen Peter M. , Wenisch Thomas F. 
Published: December 2018

Nascent persistent memory (PM) technologies promise the performance of DRAM with the durability of disk, but how best to integrate them into programming systems remains an open question. Recent work extends language memory models with a persistency model prescribing semantics for updates to PM. These semantics enable programmers to design data structures in PM that are accessed like memory and yet are recoverable upon crash or failure. Alas, we find the semantics and performance of existing approaches unsatisfying. Existing approaches require high-overhead mechanisms, are restricted to certain synchronization constructs, provide incomplete semantics, and/or may recover to state that cannot arise in fault-free execution.
We propose persistency semantics that guarantee failure atomicity of synchronization-free regions (SFRs) - program regions delimited by synchronization operations. Our approach provides clear semantics for the PM state recovery code may observe and extends C++11's "sequential consistency for data-race-free" guarantee to post-failure recovery code. We investigate two designs for failure-atomic SFRs that vary in performance and the degree to which commit of persistent state may lag execution. We demonstrate both approaches in LLVM v3.6.0 and compare to a state-of-the-art baseline to show performance improvement up to 87.5% (65.5% avg).
Typed closure conversion for the calculus of constructions
Authors: Bowman William J. , Ahmed Amal 
Published: December 2018

Dependently typed languages such as Coq are used to specify and verify the full functional correctness of source programs. Type-preserving compilation can be used to preserve these specifications and proofs of correctness through compilation into the generated target-language programs. Unfortunately, type-preserving compilation of dependent types is hard. In essence, the problem is that dependent type systems are designed around high-level compositional abstractions to decide type checking, but compilation interferes with the type-system rules for reasoning about run-time terms.
We develop a type-preserving closure-conversion translation from the Calculus of Constructions (CC) with strong dependent pairs (Σ types)—a subset of the core language of Coq—to a type-safe, dependently typed compiler intermediate language named CC-CC. The central challenge in this work is how to translate the source type-system rules for reasoning about functions into target type-system rules for reasoning about closures. To justify these rules, we prove soundness of CC-CC by giving a model in CC. In addition to type preservation, we prove correctness of separate compilation.
Locality analysis through static parallel sampling
Authors: Chen Dong , Liu Fangzhou , Ding Chen , Pai Sreepathi 
Published: December 2018

Locality analysis is important since accessing memory is much slower than computing. Compile-time locality analysis can provide detailed program-level feedback for compilers or runtime systems faster than trace-based locality analysis.
In this paper, we describe a new approach to locality analysis based on static parallel sampling. A compiler analyzes loop-based code and generates sampler code which is run to measure locality. Our approach can predict precise cache line granularity miss ratio curves for complex loops with non-linear array references and even branches. The precision and overhead of static sampling are evaluated using PolyBench and a bit-reversal loop. Our result shows that by randomly sampling 2% of loop iterations, a compiler can construct almost exact miss ratio curves as trace based analysis. Sampling 0.5% and 1% iterations can achieve good precision and efficiency with an average 0.6% to 1% the time of tracing respectively. Our analysis can also be parallelized. The analysis may assist program optimization techniques such as tiling, program co-location, cache hint selection and help to analyze write locality and parallel locality.
Verifying that web pages have accessible layout
Authors: Panchekha Pavel , Geller Adam T. , Ernst Michael D. , Tatlock Zachary , Kamil Shoaib 
Published: December 2018

Usability and accessibility guidelines aim to make graphical user interfaces accessible to all users, by, say, requiring that text is sufficiently large, interactive controls are visible, and heading size corresponds to importance. These guidelines must hold on the infinitely many possible renderings of a web page generated by differing screen sizes, fonts, and other user preferences. Today, these guidelines are tested by manual inspection of a few renderings, because 1) the guidelines are not expressed in a formal language, 2) the semantics of browser rendering are not well understood, and 3) no tools exist to check all possible renderings of a web page. VizAssert solves these problems. First, it introduces visual logic to precisely specify accessibility properties. Second, it formalizes a large fragment of the browser rendering algorithm using novel finitization reductions. Third, it provides a sound, automated tool for verifying assertions in visual logic.
We encoded 14 assertions drawn from best-practice accessibility and mobile-usability guidelines in visual logic. VizAssert checked them on on 62 professionally designed web pages. It found 64 distinct errors in the web pages, while reporting only 13 false positive warnings.
Impact of Donor Obesity on Outcomes After Orthotopic Heart Transplantation
Authors: Shudo Yasuhiro , Cohen Jeffrey E. , Lingala Bharathi , He Hao , Woo Y. Joseph 
Published: December 2018

Background
The impact of donor obesity on the outcome of orthotopic heart transplantation has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of donor obesity on the outcomes of adult orthotopic heart transplantation recipients.

Methods and Results

Data were obtained from the United Network for Organ Sharing database. All adult (age ≥18 years) patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation from 2000 through 2016 were included (n=31 920). We stratified the cohort by donor body mass index (
BMI
); 13 015 patients (40.8%) received a heart from a normal‐weight donor (
BMI
18.5–24.9), 11 271 patients (35.3%) received a heart from an overweight donor (
BMI
25.0–29.9), 4910 patients (15.4%) received a heart from an obese donor (
BMI
30.0–34.9), and 2724 patients (8.5%) received a heart from an extremely obese donor (
BMI
≥35). The cohort of obese donors was older, included a higher incidence of diabetes mellitus, and had a higher creatinine. Our data also showed that the recipients of obese donor grafts were older, had a higher
BMI
, creatinine, percentage of diabetes mellitus, and longer total waiting period. There was no significant difference detected in the survival likelihood (
P
=0.08) of patients based on a donor's BMI‐based categorized cohort. There were no significant differences found in the overall survival probability among 4 groups in the adjusted survival analyses (
P
=0.25).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that patients receiving higher
BMI
donor hearts might not be subjected to an increased risk of death, at least during the short term after transplant, compared with those using the normal‐weight donors.
Tendency Bias Correction in Coupled and Uncoupled Global Climate Models with a Focus on Impacts over North America
Authors: Chang Y. , Schubert S. D. , Koster R. D. , Molod A. M. , Wang H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe revisit the bias correction problem in current climate models, taking advantage of state-of-the-art atmospheric reanalysis data and new data assimilation tools that simplify the estimation of short-term (6 hourly) atmospheric tendency errors. The focus is on the extent to which correcting biases in atmospheric tendencies improves the model’s climatology, variability, and ultimately forecast skill at subseasonal and seasonal time scales. Results are presented for the NASA GMAO GEOS model in both uncoupled (atmosphere only) and coupled (atmosphere–ocean) modes. For the uncoupled model, the focus is on correcting a stunted North Pacific jet and a dry bias over the central United States during boreal summer—long-standing errors that are indeed common to many current AGCMs. The results show that the tendency bias correction (TBC) eliminates the jet bias and substantially increases the precipitation over the Great Plains. These changes are accompanied by much improved (increased) storm-track activity throughout the northern midlatitudes. For the coupled model, the atmospheric TBCs produce substantial improvements in the simulated mean climate and its variability, including a much reduced SST warm bias, more realistic ENSO-related SST variability and teleconnections, and much improved subtropical jets and related submonthly transient wave activity. Despite these improvements, the improvement in subseasonal and seasonal forecast skill over North America is only modest at best. The reasons for this, which are presumably relevant to any forecast system, involve the competing influences of predictability loss with time and the time it takes for climate drift to first have a significant impact on forecast skill.
The Role of Dynamic Tropopause Rossby Wave Breaking for Synoptic-Scale Buildups in Northern Hemisphere Zonal Available Potential Energy
Authors: Bowley Kevin A. , Gyakum John R. , Atallah Eyad H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractZonal available potential energy AZ measures the magnitude of meridional temperature gradients and static stability of a domain. Here, the role of Northern Hemisphere dynamic tropopause (2.0-PVU surface) Rossby wave breaking (RWB) in supporting an environment facilitating buildups of AZ on synoptic time scales (3–10 days) is examined. RWB occurs when the phase speed of a Rossby wave slows to the advective speed of the atmosphere, resulting in a cyclonic or anticyclonic RWB event (CWB and AWB, respectively). These events have robust dynamic and thermodynamic feedbacks through the depth of the troposphere that can modulate AZ. Significant synoptic-scale buildups in AZ and RWB events are identified from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis-2 dataset from 1979 to 2011 for 20°–85°N. Anomalies in AWB and CWB are assessed seasonally for buildup periods of AZ. Positive anomalies in AWB and negative anomalies in CWB are found for most AZ buildup periods in the North Pacific and North Atlantic basins and attributed to localized poleward shifts in the jet stream. Less frequent west–east dipoles in wave breaking anomalies for each basin are attributed to elongated and contracted regional jet exit regions. Finally, an analysis of long-duration AWB events for winter AZ buildup periods to an anomalously high AZ state is performed using a quasi-Lagrangian grid-shifting technique. North Pacific AWB events are shown to diabatically intensify the North Pacific jet exit region (increasing Northern Hemisphere AZ) through latent heating equatorward of the jet exit and radiative and evaporative cooling poleward of the jet exit.
Associations between personal social capital and depressive symptoms: Evidence from a probability sample of urban residents in China
Authors: Chen Xinguang , Gao Mengting , Xu Yayun , Wang Yan , Li Shiyue 
Published: December 2018

Background: Rapid socioeconomic changes in China present a mental health challenge but also an opportunity to investigate the relationship between social capital and depression. Materials and methods: Participants (18–45 years old, N = 1,250) were selected using a probability sampling method. The relationship between social capital (measured using the Personal Social Capital Scale) and depression (measured using the Brief Symptom Inventory depression subscale) was examined using bivariate analysis, followed by multiple regression to control for covariates. Results: Of the total sample, 54.64% were female with mean age = 35.1 ( SD = 7.5) years old. Depression score was10.40 ( SD = 3.62) for males and 10.36 ( SD = 3.30) for females. The social capital measures (including the total, bonding and bridging) were all negatively associated with depression scores while the negative social capital was positively associated, after controlling for covariates. Subgroup analysis revealed some differences in the social capital–depression associations. Conclusion: The protective effect of social capital for mental health reported in other countries is also evident in this study. In addition, we found a positive association between negative social capital and depression. In addition to adding new knowledge, findings of this study, if verified with longitudinal design, can be used to support social and behavioral interventions in China to promote mental health by social capital enhancement.
Keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the bladder: Our experience and current approaches
Authors: Benelli Andrea , Varca Virginia , Vaccaro Chiara , Guzzo Sonia , Nicola Marta , Onorati Monica , Gregori Andrea , Di Nuovo Franca 
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Bladder mucosa is anatomically covered by urothelial epithelium. The replacement of the urothelium with stratified squamous cells is defined as squamous metaplasia which can be keratinizing or non-keratinizing. Clinically, it is also known as leukoplakia or keratinizing cystitis of the bladder. Although several etiologic factors have been proposed such as chronic inflammation, irritative stimuli and infection, its pathogenesis is not clearly understood. The natural history of squamous metaplasia and clinical treatment are controversial. Many authors consider squamous metaplasia as a premalignant lesion, so it is fundamental to find an effective treatment to reduce the risk of developing bladder squamous carcinoma. Case description: We report our management of a 58-year-old man with histological evidence of keratinizing squamous metaplasia and severe lower urinary tract symptoms. After repeated transurethral resections, the patient was treated with intravesical instillation of hyaluronic acid showing the regression of the lesion with an improvement of macroscopic appearance followed by the resolution of clinical symptoms. Conclusion: The therapeutic management of keratinizing squamous metaplasia is controversial, and currently no effective medical therapy is available for its treatment. Actually, patients undergo transurethral resections and a multidisciplinary approach is required to avoid cystectomy. Annual cystoscopy with multiple biopsies should be performed to determine the presence of dysplasia. Moreover, the therapeutic treatment with hyaluronic acid instillations could be the starting point and the gold standard in the follow-up of our patient. However, at present, further studies are required to formulate an adequate policy for therapeutic management of this unusual lesion of the bladder mucosa.
The Economic Influence of Breastfeeding on the Health Cost of Newborns
Authors: Santacruz-Salas Esmeralda , Aranda-Reneo Isaac , Hidalgo-Vega Álvaro , Blanco-Rodriguez José M. , Segura-Fragoso Antonio 
Published: December 2018

Background: Breastfeeding provides health benefits for women and newborns. However, few studies have explored how these health benefits translate into economic savings. Research aim: This study aimed to estimate the healthcare costs savings generated by exclusive breastfeeding for healthy newborns. Methods: We designed a longitudinal two-group observational study that included healthy women and newborns ( N = 236) in Toledo, Spain. Over the first 6-months of the infants’ lives, we reviewed their clinical histories to determine their consumption of healthcare resources and the type of nutrition provided. The sample was categorized into two groups: exclusive breastfeeding ( n = 46) and non-exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months ( n = 190). Two-part regression models were applied to determine whether there were differences in healthcare costs between the groups. Results: The average age of the women was 32 ( SD: 5.3). The average birth weight of the newborns was 3.3 kg. ( SD: 0.38). At 6 months, 19.5% ( n = 46) of the women breastfed exclusively, 28.4% ( n = 67) combined breastfeeding with formula, and 45.8% ( n = 108) used formula only. Healthcare costs during follow-up reached €785.58 (44% for specialized care, 42% for primary care, 9.8% for medical emergencies, 3% for medications and approximately 1% for medical tests). The statistical analysis estimated a lower healthcare cost of between €454.40 and €503.50 for exclusively breastfed newborns. Conclusion: Breastfeeding generated savings in healthcare costs; therefore, it could be a cost-efficient option compared with alternatives. Researchers who evaluate the efficiency of strategies that promote breastfeeding can contribute to the sustainability of health services.
Complete urological evaluation including sperm DNA fragmentation in male systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Tiseo BC , Bonfá E. , Borba EF. , Munhoz GA. , Wood GJA. , Srougi M. , Silva CA. , Cocuzza M. 
Published: December 2018

Objective To evaluate sperm DNA fragmentation analysis in non-azoospermic male systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Methods Twenty-eight consecutive male SLE patients (American College of Rheumatology criteria) and 34 healthy controls were evaluated for demographic/exposures data, urological evaluation, hormone profile and sperm analysis (including sperm DNA fragmentation). Clinical features, disease activity/damage scores and treatment were also evaluated. Results The median age (33 (20–52) vs. 36.5 (25–54) years, P = 0.329) and frequency of varicocele (25% vs. 32%, P = 0.183) were similar in SLE patients and healthy controls. Sperm DNA fragmentation showed significantly higher levels of cells class III (44 (9–88) vs. 16.5 (0–80)%, P = 0.001) and cell class IV (10.5 (3–86) vs. 7 (0–36)%, P = 0.039) in SLE. The sperm DNA fragmentation index was also significantly higher in SLE patients (62 (31–97) vs. 25.5 (0–100)%, P < 0.001). Conventional sperm parameters (including sperm count, motility and morphology) were similar in both groups. In SLE patients no correlations were observed between sperm DNA fragmentation index and age, disease duration, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index scores, and cumulative dose of prednisone, hydroxychloroquine, intravenous cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil ( P > 0.05). Further analysis of SLE patients treated with and without intravenous cyclophosphamide showed that total sperm motility was significantly lower in the former group (64% (15–83) vs. 72% (57–86), P = 0.024). The sperm DNA fragmentation index was alike in both groups (52.5 (31–95) vs. 67.5 (34–97)%, P = 0.185). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that male non-azoospermic SLE patients have increased sperm DNA fragmentation without evident gonadal dysfunction. Intravenous cyclophosphamide does not seem to be a major determinant for this abnormality. Future prospective study is necessary to determine the impact of this alteration in these patients' fertility.
Subscapularis Peel in Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Clyde Corey T , Throckmorton Thomas W , Duquin Thomas R 
Published: December 2018

Background Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty is a viable treatment option for patients with glenohumeral arthritis and an intact rotator cuff with successful outcomes. However, one complication is rupture of the subscapularis tendon postoperatively. Controversy exists regarding the optimal technique of subscapularis tendon management. The purpose of the present article is to review subscapularis peel repair method. Methods The current literature on anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty and subscapularis peel was reviewed to determine the viability of the repair technique. Results Both biomechanical and clinical studies have demonstrated advantages and disadvantages of the subscapularis peel technique, most often by way of direct comparison with lesser tuberosity osteotomy, without consensus as to a superior repair method. Discussion The subscapularis peel repair in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty when performed correctly may yield successful biomechanical and clinical outcomes for patients.
Media Ecologies of Plant Invasion
Authors: Despard Erin , Gallagher Michael 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In popular conservation discourse, Rhododendron ponticum is portrayed as an alien invader let loose on the British countryside by misguided gardeners. In Scotland, eradication campaigns tend to be favored over more pragmatic approaches to management, even though the methods employed can be destructive and long-term success is often limited. Building on recent work critiquing categorical approaches to invasive species management, we argue that such campaigns obscure not only the underlying conditions but also the ongoing production of plant invasiveness. We focus in particular on the way perceptual processes shape and are shaped by plant “invasions” over time. Noting that the majority of plant invasions worldwide are initiated by the horticultural trade, and that visual appearance is a major factor in the selection of plants for trade, we present a framework for critically analyzing the visual conditions of horticulturally led invasion ecologies. Working from the perspective of a more-than-human, materialist media ecology, we cast rhododendrons as entities that modulate light, or “photomedia.” Our analysis explores how their invasiveness is materially produced via the cultural and socioeconomic as well as vegetal relations in which they are entangled. The site of our analysis is an abandoned country estate in western Scotland that has recently undergone R. ponticum removal. By examining the production of visual effects by rhododendrons, cameras, and other media employed there, we identify relations to land that, far from being limited to the period of R. ponticum’s “escape” into the Scottish countryside, continue in present-day projects of eradication. This yields critical visual strategies for a gentler, more experimental re-mediation of R. ponticum and invaded landscapes in general.