bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis of particle growth rates from nucleation mode to cloud condensation nuclei in boreal forest
Authors: Paasonen Pauli , Peltola Maija , Kontkanen Jenni , Junninen Heikki , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kulmala Markku 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Growth of aerosol particles to sizes at which they can act as cloud
condensation nuclei (CCN) is a crucial factor in estimating the current and
future impacts of aerosol–cloud–climate interactions. Growth rates (GRs) are
typically determined for particles with diameters (dP) smaller than 40 nm immediately after a regional new particle formation (NPF) event. These
growth rates are often taken as representatives for the particle growth to
CCN sizes (dP > 50–100 nm). In modelling frameworks, the
concentration of the condensable vapours causing the growth is typically
calculated with steady state assumptions, where the condensation sink (CS) is the
only loss term for the vapours. Additionally, the growth to CCN sizes is
represented with the condensation of extremely low-volatility vapours and
gas–particle partitioning of semi-volatile vapours. Here, we use a novel
automatic method to determine growth rates from below 10 nm to hundreds
of nanometres from a 20-year-long particle size distribution (PSD) data set in
boreal forest. With this method, we are able to detect growth rates also at
times other than immediately after a NPF event. We show that the GR increases
with an increasing oxidation rate of monoterpenes, which is closely coupled
with the ambient temperature. Based on our analysis, the oxidation reactions
of monoterpenes with ozone, hydroxyl radical and nitrate radical all are
capable of producing vapours that contribute to the particle growth in the
studied size ranges. We find that GR increases with particle diameter,
resulting in up to 3-fold increases in GRs for particles with dP ∼ 100 nm in comparison to those with dP ∼ 10 nm. We use a
single particle model to show that this increase in GR can be explained with
aerosol-phase reactions, in which semi-volatile vapours form non-volatile
dimers. Finally, our analysis reveals that the GR of particles with dP < 100 nm is not limited by the condensation sink, even though the GR
of larger particles is. Our findings suggest that in the boreal continental
environment, the formation of CCN from NPF or sub-100 nm emissions is more
effective than previously thought and that the formation of CCN is not as
strongly self-limiting a process as the previous estimates have suggested.
Conceptual model development using a generic Features, Events, and Processes (FEP) database for assessing the potential impact of hydraulic fracturing on groundwater aquifers
Authors: Tatomir Alexandru , McDermott Christopher , Bensabat Jacob , Class Holger , Edlmann Katriona , Taherdangkoo Reza , Sauter Martin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Hydraulic fracturing for natural gas extraction from unconventional
reservoirs has not only impacted the global energy landscape but has also
raised concerns over its potential environmental impacts. The concept of
“features, events and processes” (FEP) refers to identifying and selecting
the most relevant factors for safety assessment studies. In the context of
hydraulic fracturing we constructed a comprehensive FEP database and applied
it to six key focused scenarios defined under the scope of FracRisk project
(http://www.fracrisk.eu, last access: 17 August 2018). The FEP database is ranked to show the relevance of each
item in the FEP list per scenario. The main goal of the work is to illustrate
the FEP database applicability to develop a conceptual model for
regional-scale stray gas migration.
Seasonal shifts in export of DOC and nutrients from burned and unburned peatland-rich catchments, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Burd Katheryn , Tank Suzanne E. , Dion Nicole , Quinton William L. , Spence Christopher , Tanentzap Andrew J. , Olefeldt David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Boreal peatlands are major catchment sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrients and thus strongly regulate the landscape carbon balance, aquatic food webs, and downstream water quality. Climate change is likely to influence catchment solute yield directly through climatic controls on run-off generation, but also indirectly through altered disturbance regimes. In this study we monitored water chemistry from early spring until fall at the outlets of a 321 km2 catchment that burned 3 years prior to the study and a 134 km2 undisturbed catchment. Both catchments were located in the discontinuous permafrost zone of boreal western Canada and had  ∼  60 % peatland cover. The two catchments had strong similarities in the timing of DOC and nutrient yields, but a few differences were consistent with anticipated effects of wildfire based on peatland porewater analysis. The 4-week spring period, particularly the rising limb of the spring freshet, was crucial for accurate characterization of the seasonal solute yield from both catchments. The spring period was responsible for  ∼  65 % of the seasonal DOC and nitrogen and for  ∼  85 % of the phosphorous yield. The rising limb of the spring freshet was associated with high phosphorous concentrations and DOC of distinctly high aromaticity and molecular weight. Shifts in stream DOC concentrations and aromaticity outside the early spring period were consistent with shifts in relative streamflow contribution from precipitation-like water in the spring to mineral soil groundwater in the summer, with consistent relative contributions from organic soil porewater. Radiocarbon content (14C) of DOC at the outlets was modern throughout May to September (fraction modern carbon, fM: 0.99–1.05) but likely reflected a mix of aged DOC, e.g. porewater DOC from permafrost (fM: 0.65–0.85) and non-permafrost peatlands (fM: 0.95–1.00), with modern bomb-influenced DOC, e.g. DOC leached from forest litter (fM: 1.05–1.10). The burned catchment had significantly increased total phosphorous (TP) yield and also had greater DOC yield during summer which was characterized by a greater contribution from aged DOC. Overall, however, our results suggest that DOC composition and yield from peatland-rich catchments in the discontinuous permafrost region likely is more sensitive to climate change through impacts on run-off generation rather than through altered fire regimes.
The implementation of the New Urban Agenda. Our ongoing efforts after almost two years from the Habitat III conference
Authors: Bravo Luisa 
Published: August 2018

Nowadays we are facing an unprecedented situation: the ‘urban’ is complex, like never before, and a great suffer comes from the humanity as a whole. The rise of poverty has generated conflicts and political instability in many countries. Equity, social justice and democracy are challenged by private interests and public space is seriously at risk. The New Urban Agenda adopted at the Habitat III conference and the related Sustainable Development Goals and their targets, with particular reference to SDG 11.7[1], recognize that public space is a key element for sustainable urban development. I strongly and passionately believe that public space is a fundamental human right, it is so precious but also so fragile that needs to be protected and preserved, if we really want to build cities for all, leaving no one behind.

[1] According to the global indicator framework, the target retlated to SDG 11.7 is: ‘By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities’ - https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg11
Smart City, Just City. An IHC Global Initiative in Support of the New Urban Agenda
Authors: Hermanson Judith 
Published: August 2018

This article describes IHC Global’s “Smart City. Just City” initiative which it launched at a panel at the ninth World Urban Forum (WUF 9) held in Kuala Lumpur in February 2018. The initiative is a key component of IHC Global’s commitment to the New Urban Agenda and to achieving the aims of Global Goal 11. By seeking to align two different approaches to urban development – the technology driven “smart city” approach and the “social justice” informed “just city” approach – its goal is to fill a policy and practice gap with a policy framework and supporting indicators which will enable cities to intentionally use technology to achieve greater inclusiveness and equity and so to create places and spaces which are both “smart” and “just.” Too often “smart cities” focus on technology almost exclusively and when other benefits are seen as “by-products” of the technology. On the other hand, the human-centered focus of “just cities” too often fails to think sufficiently progressively or to use available technologies to advance its goals. “Smart City. Just City” aims to bring these two approaches together, to show that “technology” and “human centeredness” are not mutually exclusive terms and that the often private-sector driven use of technology can in fact serve “public good” purposes when these purposes are intentionally pursued. IHC Global’s premise is that when a city uses smart technology with the purpose to achieve greater inclusiveness and justice, divisions will be lessened; economic opportunities will be more plentiful and widely available; a large number of people will be more robustly prepared to cope with natural and other “shocks”; and the city, as a whole, will prosper.
Crisis financiera mundial : su impacto social y político en Centroamérica
Authors: González Luis Armando 
Published: August 2018

En este ensayo se hace una aproximación al impacto social y político de la crisis financiera. Se parte de una visión general de las implicaciones de la misma, para luego hacer un examen de sus implicaciones sociales y políticas. Se concluye con un conjunto de reflexiones acerca de los desafíos que plantea a la gobernabilidad democrática centroamericana el impacto de la crisis y su entrelazamiento con los procesos que, con anterioridad o independencia de ella, marcan actualmente a la región.Teoría y Praxis Año 8, No. 17, Julio de 2010, pp.5-40
Pathology Consultation for the Gynecologic Oncologist: What the Surgeon Wants to Know
Authors: Cory Lori , Morgan Mark A. 
Published: August 2018

Context.—Clinical management of gynecologic malignancies is often multimodal. Pathologic diagnoses, patient-related factors, and disease-related factors all contribute to clinical decision making.Objective.—To review the role of surgical pathology in treatment planning among women with gynecologic malignancies.Data Sources.—An analysis of relevant literature (PubMed Plus [National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, Maryland] and Medline [Ovid, New York, New York]) and the authors' clinical practice experience were used.Conclusions.—Pathologic evaluation of gynecologic malignancies with traditional histopathology, assessment of genetic alterations, and identification of tumor biomarkers are critical to traditional treatment planning as well as for ongoing clinical trials.
КОНЦЕПЦИЯ МАЛОУГЛОВОГО ДИФРАКТОМЕТРА В КЛАССИЧЕСКОЙ КОНФИГУРАЦИИ НА ХОЛОДНОМ ЗАМЕДЛИТЕЛЕ РЕАКТОРА ИБР-2, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Авдеев М.В. , Еремин Р.А. , Боднарчук В.И. , Гапон И.В. , Петренко В.И. , Ерхан Р.В. , Чураков А.В. , Козленко Д.П. 
Published: August 2018

На основе численных расчетов изучены возможные концепции реализации на реакторе ИБР-2 малоуг- лового времяпролетного дифрактометра, оптимизированного для двух режимов работы замедлителя нейтронов - холодного (температура 30 К) и теплового (температура 300 К). В холодном режиме максимум энергетического спектра нейтронов в пучке смещен в область низких энергий (больших длин волн), что расширяет диапазон чувствительности установки в отношении размеров исследуемых объектов (1-100 нм и выше). Рассмотрена классическая схема отделения тепловых/холодных нейтронов (E ~10-3-10-2 эВ) от фона (сформированного, главным образом, быстрыми нейтронами) на основе изогнутых нейтронно-оптических устройств. Из-за ограничений, накладываемых геометрией канала, на котором планируется поместить установку, предпочтительной является конфигурация с коротким многоканальным зеркальным устройством отклонения пучка. Выполнены моделирование и оптимизация предполагаемой малоугловой установки с учетом реальной геометрии канала и доступного места в экспериментальном зале реактора. Проведено сравнение с установкой на основе изогнутого нейтроновода и установкой с прямой видимостью замедлителя.
ОБ УСИЛЕНИИ ЭФФЕКТА АДСОРБЦИОННОГО СЛОЯ НА ГРАНИЦЕ РАЗДЕЛА МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИЙ ЭЛЕКТРОД-ЖИДКИЙ ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТ В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАХ ПО ЗЕРКАЛЬНОМУ ОТРАЖЕНИЮ В РЕФЛЕКТОМЕТРИИ ТЕПЛОВЫХ НЕЙТРОНОВ, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Петренко В.И. , Косячкин Е. Н. , Булавин Л.А. , Авдеев М.В. 
Published: August 2018

Рассмотрены возможности оптимизации структуры подложка/электрод/электролит для максимального изменения кривых зеркального отражения в экспериментах по нейтронной рефлектометрии на электрохимической границе раздела между металлическим электродом и жидким электролитом, содержащим ионы Li+, в процессе функционирования. Выбраны и проанализированы характерные соотношения между плотностями длин рассеяния компонентов, для которых кривые отражения наиболее полно передают информацию о структуре переходного слоя твердого электролита, формирующегося на поверхности электрода в ходе зарядки-разрядки.
ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНО-ТЕРМИЧЕСКИЙ И РЕНТГЕНОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ХАЛЬКОГЕНИДОВ TLFES2 И TLFESE2, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Аскеров Э.Б. , Исмаилов Д.И. , Мехдиева Р.Н. , Джабаров С.Г. , Мирзаев М. Н. , Керимова Э.М. , Данг Н.Т. 
Published: August 2018

Методами рентгеновской дифракции, дифференциально-термического и термогравиметрического анализа исследованы тройные соединения составов TlFeS2 и TlFeSe2, обладающие магнитными свойст- вами. Определены их кристаллические структуры, и установлено, что в нормальных условиях они описываются моноклинной пространственной группой симметрии С2/m. Определены координаты атомов и межатомные расстояния. В результате дифференциально-термического и термогравимет- рического анализа в температурном диапазоне 30-900 °C установлено, что в кристаллах TlFeS2 по сравнению с TlFeSе2 реализуются более сильные ковалентные связи. Наблюдаются эффекты, связанные с обменом энергии в исследуемых соединениях. Обсуждается физическая сущность наблюдаемых эффектов.
ВОДОРОДОПРОНИЦАЕМОСТЬ ПОКРЫТИЙ НИТРИДА ТИТАНА, ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ МЕТОДАМИ ПЛАЗМЕННО-ИММЕРСИОННОЙ ИМПЛАНТАЦИИ ТИТАНА И ВАКУУМНО-ДУГОВОГО ОСАЖДЕНИЯ TIN НА СПЛАВ ZR-1%NB, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Ле Чжан , Никитенков Н.Н. , Сутыгина А.Н. , Кашкаров Е.Б. , Сыпченко В.С. , Бабихина М. Н. 
Published: August 2018

Поверхность образцов циркониевого сплава Zr-1%Nb обрабатывалась титаном методом плазменно-иммерсионной ионной имплантации. Затем на имплантированные и исходные образцы наносились покрытия TiN вакуумно-дуговым осаждением. До и после каждой из указанных обработок исследовались изменения скорости сорбции водорода, распределения элементов по глубине, топографии поверхности. Получено, что отдельно вакуумно-дуговое осаждение или плазменно-иммерсионная ионная имплантация приводят к уменьшению скорости сорбции водорода (в 2-15 раз). В тоже же время, совмещение операций в порядке: плазменно-иммерсионная ионная имплантация, затем вакуумно-дуговое осаждение, уменьшает скорость сорбции на 1-2 порядка. Определено, что ключевым параметром указанных методов, влияющим на водородопроницаемость, распределение элементов по глубине и топографию поверхности является величина смещения на образце (подложке). Для нашей установки оптимальная величина этого смещения составила -1500 В при плазменно-иммерсионной ионной имплантации и -150 В при вакуумно-дуговом осаждении.
Study on prediction method for the insulation of gypsum board using inclusive thermal conductivity in fire resistance tests
Authors: Yoshitani Kimie , Shimizu Takafumi , Yoshida Masatomo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this study, a method for predicting the unexposed surface temperature of a wall is proposed based on the concept of “inclusive thermal conductivity,” which considers the heat and mass transfer of materials containing moisture. The inclusive thermal conductivity is estimated based on the results of temperature measurements obtained from actual fire resistance tests. The proposed method enables the estimation of material thermal conductivities that are difficult to assess using conventional methods. The inclusive thermal conductivity is affected by the deterioration and evaporation that occurs in the materials, which are estimated from the fire resistance test results. The unexposed surface temperature predictions for the gypsum boards of different thicknesses are numerically analyzed by changing the number of inclusive thermal conductivities. The inclusive thermal conductivity of the gypsum board increases as the temperature increases. The unexposed surface temperature prediction is affected by the exposed surface temperature of the fire resistance tests, and the prediction accuracy increases as the difference in the material thickness decreases. The exposed surface temperature obtained from the fire resistance test results influences the prediction of the unexposed surface temperature. The prediction accuracy of the numerical analysis using the inclusive thermal conductivity is confirmed to be practically sufficient.
Elimination of Myxobolus cerebralis in Placer Creek, a Native Cutthroat Trout Stream in Colorado
Authors: Nehring R. Barry , Alves John , Nehring Joshua B. , Felt Benjamin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Placer Creek, a tributary of Sangre de Cristo Creek in Colorado's San Luis Valley, supported an allopatric core conservation population of native Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis during much of the 20th century. After the failure of gabion barriers in the late 1990s, Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis infected with Myxobolus cerebralis invaded from Sangre de Cristo Creek. By 2005, whirling disease (WD) and competition from Brook Trout reduced Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout numbers to less than 10% of the total trout population. New barriers were constructed in 2006 and the stream was treated with rotenone in 2007 and 2009 to eliminate all fish prior to the reintroduction of Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout. Results of WD research studies in Montana, California, and Colorado indicated it might be possible to break the life cycle of the parasite in some situations. Our management interventions included (1) reducing the fish population in the stream to zero for approximately 14 months, (2) introducing lineage V and VI Tubifex tubifex worms, which are not susceptible to M. cerebralis, and (3) eliminating a small off-channel pond that provided optimal habitat that sustained a localized high-density population of lineage III T. tubifex, the oligochaete host susceptible to M. cerebralis. Electrofishing during the fall of 2009 and spring of 2010 indicated the drainage was devoid of fish. Fry, juvenile, and adult Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout were stocked in September and October of 2010 and 2011. Approximately 975,000 lineage V and VI T. tubifex were introduced into Placer Creek between 2010 and 2012 as possible oligochaete competitors for the lineage III worms. The off-channel pond was filled in, and the surface was reseeded in April 2012. No evidence of M. cerebralis infection was detected among more than 280 Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout tested between July 2012 and July 2016, indicating the parasite had been eradicated from the Placer Creek basin upstream of the barriers.
Combined respiratory training in an individual with C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Robison Raele , Tabor‐Gray Lauren C. , Wymer James P. , Plowman Emily K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis case study examined the impact of a respiratory strength training program targeting inspiratory and expiratory musculature in an individual with C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The individual tolerated 24 months of respiratory training completed at home, 50 repetitions per day, and 5 days per week. Significant increases in maximum inspiratory pressure (from 71 to 134 centimeters of water), maximum expiratory pressure (from 108 to 197 centimeters of water) and peak cough flow (from 331 to 655 Liters per minute) were noted and forced vital capacity remained unchanged. A moderate intensity respiratory strength training program applied early in the disease progression improved function in this C9orf72 ALS individual.
Exercise Therapy for the Management of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: Preliminary Results of Clinical Responsiveness
Authors: Casartelli Nicola C. , Bizzini Mario , Maffiuletti Nicola A. , Sutter Reto , Pfirrmann Christian W. , Leunig Michael , Naal Florian D. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the responsiveness to exercise therapy of patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS), and to investigate differences in hip function, strength, and morphology between responders versus nonresponders.MethodsPatients with FAIS underwent 12 weeks of semi‐standardized and progressive exercise therapy. A good therapy outcome (responders) versus a poor therapy outcome (nonresponders) was determined at week 18 with the Global Treatment Outcome questionnaire for hip pain. Hip function was evaluated using the Hip Outcome Score (HOS) activities of daily living (ADL) and Sport at baseline, and at weeks 6, 12, and 18. Hip muscle strength and dynamic pelvic control were evaluated using dynamometry and video analysis, respectively, at baseline, week 12, and week 18. Hip morphology was evaluated with imaging at baseline.ResultsThirty‐one patients (mean age 24 years) were included. Sixteen patients (52%) were responsive and 15 patients (48%) were not responsive to exercise therapy. Only responders improved HOS ADL and HOS Sport by 10 points (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 7, 14; P < 0.001) and by 20 points (95% CI 15, 25; P < 0.001), respectively, and hip abductor strength by 0.27 Nm/kg (95% CI 0.18, 0.36; P < 0.001). The prevalence of patients showing good dynamic pelvic control only increased in responders (44%; P = 0.029). The prevalence of severe cam morphology was higher in nonresponders than in responders (40% versus 6%; P = 0.037).ConclusionHalf of patients with FAIS benefit from exercise therapy in the short term. Responsiveness to hip abductor strength and dynamic pelvic control improvements is associated with a good therapy outcome, whereas the presence of severe cam morphology is associated with a poor therapy outcome.