bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers and patterns of microbial community assembly in a Lyme disease vector
Authors: Couper Lisa I. , Kwan Jessica Y. , Ma Joyce , Swei Andrea 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVector‐borne diseases constitute a major global health burden and are increasing in geographic range and prevalence. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that the vector microbiome can impact pathogen dynamics, making the microbiome a focal point in vector‐borne disease ecology. However, efforts to generalize preliminary findings across studies and systems and translate these findings into disease control strategies are hindered by a lack of fundamental understanding of the processes shaping the vector microbiome and the interactions therein. Here, we use 16S rRNA sequencing and apply a community ecology framework to analyze microbiome community assembly and interactions inIxodes pacificus, the Lyme disease vector in the western United States. We find that vertical transmission routes drive population‐level patterns inI. pacificusmicrobial diversity and composition, but that microbial function and overall abundance do not vary over time or between clutches. Further, we find that theI. pacificusmicrobiome is not strongly structured based on competition but assembles nonrandomly, potentially due to vector‐specific filtering processes which largely eliminate all but the dominant endosymbiont,Rickettsia. At the scale of the individualI. pacificus, we find support for a highly limited internal microbial community, and hypothesize that the tick endosymbiont may be the most important component of the vector microbiome in influencing pathogen dynamics.
Integration effect of O2‐plasma to an excimer‐laser‐assisted metal organic deposition process for functionalization of photoelectrodes
Authors: Nishikawa Masami , Segawa Ryusei , Saito Nobuo , Ishibashi Takayuki , Nakajima Tomohiko , Tsuchiya Tetsuo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo prevent photocorrosion of a Cu2O photocathode, composition of a TiO2 layer onto the Cu2O is one of the most effective solutions. For crystallization of the TiO2 layer alone without heat‐damage to the underlying Cu2O layer, which is easy to oxidize to CuO, we developed the integration process of O2‐plasma and an excimer‐laser irradiation, that a metal‐organic precursor film is crystalized by irradiation of the excimer‐laser in O2‐plasma. The TiO2 layer could be crystalized with lower oxygen vacancies by the laser irradiation in O2‐plasma compared to that prepared by the irradiation in air. Furthermore, the oxidation of Cu2O to CuO was drastically restricted due to the highly crystalized TiO2 in which oxygen ions were hard to diffuse to the interface of TiO2/Cu2O. The photocorrosion of the obtained film during water reduction reaction was also restricted. This O2‐plasma integrated process is effective for selective crystallization of metal‐oxide films for functionalization of photoelectrodes.
Geochemical effects of cement mineral variations on water–rock–CO2 interactions in a sandstone reservoir as an experiment and modeling study
Authors: Liu Ning , Cheng Jianmei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe complexity of water–rock–CO2 interactions associated with CO2 geological storage requires more comprehensive understanding with regard to the geochemical characteristics of reservoirs. In this paper, five groups of batch reactions and coupled simulations were conducted, in which rocks of different cementation types were reacted with purified water and CO2 at 180°C and 18 Mpa for 15 days, to reveal the possible geochemical effects of cement mineral variations on water–rock–CO2 interactions. With water chemistry and mineral alteration being monitored, the thermodynamics and kinetic characteristics of each CO2–water–rock system were fully analyzed in PHREEQC by the method of mineral saturation index, mineral phases diagram, and kinetics modeling to reveal the possible reaction paths and to compare their geochemical differences, which are caused by cement mineral variations. The experiment identified quite different dissolution characteristics and rates for cement minerals, and as a result, favored a diverse water chemistry and precipitation of different secondary minerals. Generally, the sensitive orders of cement mineral variations due to water–rock–CO2 interactions are carbonates, argillaceous, and siliceous minerals. The modeling showed good consistency with experiment results especially in cation evolution but underestimated the dissolution rate of alkali feldspar and carbonate mineral solubility. In addition, the modeling also predicted the carbonate reprecipitation of dolomite and calcite as cement minerals themselves, as well as dolomite precipitation at the expense of chlorite and calcite dissolution, which we failed to observe in the experiment. Thus, special attention should be paid to cement mineral variations when conducting CO2 injection in sandstone reservoirs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Social Science Blues
Authors: Turkheimer Eric 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAt the dawn of the new century, Robert Plomin was gloomy. As he recounts in Blueprint: How DNA Makes Us Who We Are, attempts to find the DNA responsible for the heritability of behavior failed. Month after month, journals would report new findings of specific genes for behavioral phenotypes, but they never replicated. One amazing genomic methodology after another was developed in biological genetics and applied to medicine, where it succeeded, and then to human behavior, where it failed. This was the moment of Plomin's despair. He had, with great intellectual courage, staked his reputation on the existence of actionable scientific knowledge of the DNA‐based genesis of twin‐based heritability. But Blueprint is hardly the product of a gloomy author. Quite the opposite: it is a declaration of victory of nature over nurture, a celebration of the vindication of Plomin as a scientist and of behavior genetics as a field of study. What happened between 2000 and 2019 to brighten Plomin's outlook so radically? Were the genes for schizophrenia and intelligence finally discovered? Are we at last on our way to understanding why, at a biological level, all differences in human behavior are substantially heritable? Alas, no. What happened is that Robert Plomin gave up on the search for individual genes that explain heritability and decided to be satisfied with much less.
Modeling AANAPISI Community College–University Collaboration: A Case Study of Asian American Studies‐Centered Faculty and Curriculum Development
Authors: Catallozzi Lori A. , Tang Shirley Suet‐ling , Gabbard Glenn , Kiang Peter Nien‐chu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCollaborations between 2‐ and 4‐year funded AANAPISIs with shared student and community profiles offer unique opportunities to leverage resources to efficiently and effectively serve their students.
Evaluation of serum long noncoding RNA NEAT and MiR‐129‐5p in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shaker Olfat G. , Abdelwahed Mostafa Y. , Ahmed Naglaa A. , Hassan Essam A. , Ahmed Tarek I. , Abousarie Moustafa A. , Ayoub Shymaa E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent form of cancer. Various long non coding RNA (lncRNAs) and micro RNA have been confirmed to have a role in the progression of HCC. Our aim was to investigate for the first time the expression profile of serum level of LNC NEAT (nuclear enrich abundant transcript) and MiR‐129‐5p in HCC patients and their relations with patient's clinical and biochemical investigations rather than previous studies on tissue cell lines. Our study includes 72 subjects divided into 36 as control subjects and 36 patients with HCC. Complete physical and laboratory investigations were done on all subjects. RNAs were extracted from sera of all subjects. RNAs were reversed transcribed into cDNAs using Qiagen, Valenica, CA. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed using Rotor gene Q System (Qiagen). Relative NEAT1 expression level was significantly increased in serum of HCC patients 4.7 (1.31–6.82) (p < .0001). Meanwhile MiR‐129‐5p relative expression level was significantly decreased in serum of HCC patients 0.17 (0.14–20) (p < .0001). Also there was negative significant correlation between the expression level of LNC NEAT and MiR‐129‐5p in HCC group (p < .0001). ROC curve analysis revealed that LNC NEAT; AUC = 0.981, p < .0001, cutoff value (1.02), sensitivity 100%, specificity 88.9%. MiR‐129‐5p; AUC = 0.997, p < .0001, cutoff value (0.43), sensitivity 100%, specificity 97.2%. Serum LNC NEAT and MiR‐129‐5p could be used as potential biomarkers for HCC cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Air‐core fiber or photonic‐crystal rod, which is more suitable for energetic femtosecond pulse generation and three‐photon microscopy at the 1700‐nm window?
Authors: Gan Mengyao , He Chen , Liu Hongji , Zhuang Ziwei , Qiu Ping , Wang Ke 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEnergetic femtosecond pulses at the 1700‐nm window are a prerequisite for deep‐tissue three‐photon microscopy (3PM). Soliton self‐frequency shift (SSFS) in photonic‐crystal (PC) rod has been the only technique to generate such pulses suitable for 3PM. Here we demonstrate through SSFS in an air‐core fiber, we can generate most energetic femtosecond soliton pulses at the 1700‐nm window, 5.2 times higher than that from PC rod. However, the air‐core soliton pulse width is 5.9 times longer than that of PC rod soliton. Based on comparative 3PM excited with both air‐core and PC rod solitons, we propose the more suitable source for 3PM. We further elucidate the challenge of generating shorter soliton pulses from air‐core fibers through numerical simulation.
Study of bone remodeling in corticotomy‐assisted orthodontic tooth movement in rats
Authors: Zhou Yuling , He Xin , Zhang Dongliang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe goal of this study was to determine the structure change of the alveolar bone and the expression of a group of bone remodeling‐related factors. Sixty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. Selective alveolar decortication (SAD), tooth movement (TM), and “combined therapy” (SAD+TM) was performed in group I, II, and III, respectively. On days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 42, a Micro‐CT scan was performed on the maxillary alveolar bone and tooth. In addition, on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42, some of the rats were killed by cervical dislocation and tissues were harvested. Analysis of scan data revealed a significant decrease in bone density of the alveolar bone at 14 days post‐surgery, and increased at 42 days post‐surgery to a level higher than that before the surgery. Microarray and bioinformatics analysis were performed to explore gene expression profile in three groups (SAD, TM, and SAD+TM), and a large number of differentially expressed genes were identified. In addition, real‐time polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the expression of bone remodeling‐related factors. The expression of osteoblast‐related cytokines, including osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin, and osteoclast regulators macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (M‐CSF) and RANKL (activator of nuclear factor KB receptor ligand) were increased in group III, suggesting that there was increased bone synthesis and activation of bone absorption. Moreover, group III had a unique alveolar bone remodeling pattern: RANKL and osteoprotegerin‐promoted alveolar remodeling. In conclusion, during the early stage of orthodontic tooth movement, corticotomy can accelerate the movement of teeth, modulate the state of bone metabolism, and activate osteogenesis and osteoclast, which support the theory of regional acceleratory phenomenon.
LncRNA MALAT1 is involved in sevoflurane‐induced neurotoxicity in developing rats
Authors: Hu Xueyan , Hu Xiaodong , Huang Guirong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to uncover the effects of long chain noncoding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis‐associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) on sevoflurane‐induced neurotoxicity in developing rats.MethodsSevoflurane neurotoxicity model was established by sevoflurane treatment in 7‐day‐old Sprague‐Dawley rats. The rats were treated with Sevo or MALAT1 small interfering RNA to detect the MALAT1 expression, pathological change, ultrastructure, neuronal apoptosis, expression of apoptosis‐related proteins, expression of neurotrophic factors BDNF and NGF, spatial learning and memory function change, as well as neuron cell density of hippocampal tissues.ResultsMALAT1 was highly expressed in hippocampus tissues of rats. Downregulation of MALAT1 alleviated the pathological change, improved the ultrastructure, inhibited apoptosis of neuronal cells, declined caspase 3 and Bax while elevated Bcl‐2, BDNF and NGF, improved capability of spatial learning and memory, and increased density of hippocampal neurons in hippocampal tissues of sevoflurane‐induced rats.ConclusionSuppression of MALAT1 can reduce the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons induced by sevoflurane anesthesia, improve the capability of spatial learning, and memory function and alleviate the loss of hippocampal nerve cells in developing rats. To a certain extent, it plays the role of protecting brain nerve cells.
Comparing Diagnosis of Fetal Growth Restriction and the Potential Impact on Management and Outcomes Using Different Growth Curves
Authors: Strassberg Emmie Ruth , Schuster Meike , Rajaram Akhila M. , Paglia Michael J. , Neubert A. George , Ross John W. , Sun Haiyan , Mackeen A. Dhanya 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesThe diagnosis of fetal growth restriction (FGR) is managed with close fetal surveillance and often requires iatrogenic delivery, as there is an associated increased risk of fetal demise. However, there is no standard reference for fetal growth. We sought to compare the intrauterine growth curve of Hadlock et al (Radiology 1991; 181:129–133) to other known growth curves to determine which one best identifies fetuses at risk without overburdening the patient and health care system with unnecessary intervention.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed charts of singleton euploid pregnancies with a diagnosis of FGR (per Hadlock) at a tertiary care center from June 2014 to May 2015. We applied the estimated fetal weights from ultrasound at diagnosis of FGR to 4 population‐based growth curves by Brenner et al (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1976; 126:555–564), Williams et al (Obstet Gynecol 1982; 59:624–632), Alexander et al (Obstet Gynecol 1996; 87:163–168), and Duryea et al (Obstet Gynecol 2014; 124:16–22) and reassessed the incidence of FGR using each curve. We reviewed pregnancy demographics, risk factors, pregnancy management, and outcomes of FGR cohorts on each curve to evaluate whether poor outcomes may be missed or interventions may be avoided using the population‐based curves. A sensitivity analysis was also done to see how well each curve predicted small‐for‐gestational‐age birth weights.ResultsApplying any of the population‐based growth curves decreased the number of FGR diagnoses, iatrogenic deliveries, and primary cesarean deliveries. Brenner's growth curve identified the least number of FGR diagnoses at 22 of the 107 identified by Hadlock. Williams’ growth curve performed best in the sensitivity analysis with sensitivity of 99% and specificity of 97%. A small number of patients with absent/reversed end‐diastolic flow would have been missed by applying the population curves.ConclusionsApplying the population‐based growth curves instead of Hadlock's for diagnosis of FGR decreases its incidence, therefore decreasing the number of visits for ultrasound and fetal surveillance and the number of iatrogenic deliveries. However, using these curves could miss a few fetuses with increased risk of fetal demise.
Targeting ERK beyond the boundaries of the kinase active site in melanoma
Authors: Sammons Rachel M. , Ghose Ranajeet , Tsai Kenneth Y. , Dalby Kevin N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractExtracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) constitute a point of convergence for complex signaling events that regulate essential cellular processes, including proliferation and survival. As such, dysregulation of the ERK signaling pathway is prevalent in many cancers. In the case of BRAF‐V600E mutant melanoma, ERK inhibition has emerged as a viable clinical approach to abrogate signaling through the ERK pathway, even in cases where MEK and Raf inhibitor treatments fail to induce tumor regression due to resistance mechanisms. Several ERK inhibitors that target the active site of ERK have reached clinical trials, however, many critical ERK interactions occur at other potentially druggable sites on the protein. Here we discuss the role of ERK signaling in cell fate, in driving melanoma, and in resistance mechanisms to current BRAF‐V600E melanoma treatments. We explore targeting ERK via a distinct site of protein‐protein interaction, known as the D‐recruitment site (DRS), as an alternative or supplementary mode of ERK pathway inhibition in BRAF‐V600E melanoma. Targeting the DRS with inhibitors in melanoma has the potential to not only disrupt the catalytic apparatus of ERK but also its noncatalytic functions, which have significant impacts on spatiotemporal signaling dynamics and cell fate.
Medical decision making: Selection of the appropriate surgical mode for undescended testicle treatment
Authors: Hancerliogullari Koksalmis Gulsah , Hancerliogullari Kadir Oymen , Cetinguc Basak , Durucu Murat , Calisir Fethi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study is designed to provide paediatric surgeons' perspectives on the relative importance of the criteria for choosing a surgical mode for undescended testicle treatment between open surgery (orchiopexy) or laparoscopic surgery and determine the suitable surgical mode by using the multicriteria decision‐making method. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) methods are utilized. A decision hierarchy is set with a goal, criteria, and alternatives. Our model is developed on the basis of four main criteria (time‐related, patient‐related, recovery‐related, and complication‐related factors) and 11 subcriteria (operation duration, length of stay in hospital, preoperative preparation time, recovery period after surgery, age of patient, weight of patient, aesthetic appearance, quality of life satisfaction, recurrence, possibility of infection, and vital function) as well as two alternatives, laparoscopy and open surgery. An online questionnaire was sent to the paediatric surgeons; responses from the 31 experts (i.e., paediatric surgeons) indicate that the most important criteria are found to be the time‐related factors, especially preoperative preparation time. On the other hand, the least important criteria are found to be complication‐related factors. Moreover, laparoscopy is chosen as the most suitable method for the undescended testicle using the AHP, TOPSIS, and VIKOR methods. This study helps paediatric surgeons' decision making by elucidating their priority criteria and representing their decision‐making process in terms of quantity with the help of AHP, TOPSIS, and VIKOR methodologies.
APC‐EDFA‐based scintillation‐suppressed photodetection in satellite optical communication
Authors: Hong Yan‐Qing , Shin Won‐Ho , Han Sang‐Kook 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article proposes automatic power control (APC)‐erbium‐doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)‐based scintillation‐suppressed photodetection in satellite optical communication (SOC). It is mainly based on the dynamic gain characteristic of APC‐EDFA. In order to improve the performance, high pass filter (HPF) and Manchester on‐off‐keying (M‐OOK) are introduced as supplemental methods. The proposed scheme is evaluated experimentally under various turbulence channel strengths. The experimental results show that the scintillation effect is suppressed using APC‐EDFA with pump power reduction compared to gain saturation, and an approximate 5.83 dB signal‐to‐noise ratio improvement is obtained compared to adaptive threshold decision with instantaneous turbulence channel state information under a scintillation index of 0.2990.
Liquid‐metal‐fluidically polarization reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna
Authors: Lee Minjae , Son Hyunwoo , Lim Daecheon , Lee Sukwon , Lim Sungjoon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this article, we propose a liquid‐metal‐fluidically polarization reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna. The edge‐truncated patch is designed to generate circular polarization (CP), and two microfluidic channels are designed for the polarization reconfigurability. Therefore, the polarization of the proposed antenna is switched to linear polarization (LP) from the CP when the liquid metal is injected on the microfluidic channels. The microfluidic channels are fabricated on the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material, and eutectic gallium‐indium (EGaIn) is used as the liquid metal. The performance of the proposed antenna is numerically and experimentally demonstrated. The measured 10‐dB impedance bandwidth is 1.579‐1.619 GHz and 1.563‐1.587 GHz for the CP and LP modes, respectively. At the CP mode, the measured axial ratio (AR) and RHCP gain at 1.595 GHz are 2.267 dB and 6.59 dBic, respectively. At the LP mode, the measured AR and peak gain at 1.585 GHz are 12.335 dB and 5.18 dBi, respectively.
Hardware implementation of contention aware optical switching node for data center networks
Authors: Yadav Vikas , Nithin Vijayan , Mishra Shivam , Hemanth Chandran , Sangeetha Rengachary Gopalan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the multistage bidirectional networks, the same node is accessed multiple times in the same time slot resulting in contention. In this article, we experimentally demonstrate the contention resolution with minimum electronics. This is verified in the experimental testbed and the data is switched from one node to other node without contention. The results are verified in terms of eye diagram in both the directions.
A fully conservative block‐centered finite difference method for Darcy–Forchheimer incompressible miscible displacement problem
Authors: Li Xiaoli , Rui Hongxing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a block‐centered finite difference method is derived for the Darcy–Forchheimer incompressible miscible displacement problem in porous media by introducing an auxiliary flux variable to guarantee full mass conservation. Error estimates for the pressure, velocity, concentration, and auxiliary flux in different discrete norms are established rigorously and carefully on nonuniform grids. Finally, some numerical experiments are presented to show that the convergence rates are in agreement with the theoretical analysis.