bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La responsabilidad civil derivada del delito en Argentina: Un recorrido de su desarrollo como institución jurídica
Authors: Alvarado Moncada Zoila , Cevallos Sánchez Gissela 
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar el desarrollo de la responsabilidad civil derivada del delito en Argentina como institución jurídica, realizando un recorrido a lo largo de las diversas teorías que permiten la comprensión y evolución de esta figura y su importancia en el sistema legal del país.
La investigación se fundamentó en una metodología documental, de tipo descriptiva y se utilizó el método exegético jurídico y el Histórico-Lógico.
Se enfocó en la confrontación teórica entre la responsabilidad civil contractual y extracontractual con el fin de desarrollar un mejor entendimiento del derecho de daños y responsabilidad civil.
Se reconoce que, independientemente de las clasificaciones históricas realizadas por la doctrina, tanto la responsabilidad civil contractual como la extracontractual comparten la característica común de la generación de un daño que debe ser compensado.
Así mismo, se destaca que la responsabilidad civil contractual y extracontractual son las dos formas tradicionalmente reconocidas en el sistema de enjuiciamiento romano-germánico o europeo continental y latinoamericano. Aunque presentan características individuales, se basan en principios comunes que permiten una regulación normativa unificada y brindan mayor seguridad jurídica en la práctica.
De esta manera, el artículo resalta la tendencia académica hacia la aplicación de un sistema responsabilidad civil de manera integrada, como se evidencia en el nuevo Código Civil de la Nación Argentina.
Este código establece un único sistema de responsabilidad civil que reconoce las especificidades propias de cada una de sus formas o sectores.
Finalmente, a pesar de las críticas que puedan surgir sobre la normativa actual de la responsabilidad civil en Argentina, es importante resaltar que las novedades que fueron incorporadas en Código Civil de la Nación representan un consenso histórico entre destacados académicos, quienes buscan lograr una mayor efectividad de esta institución esencial en la práctica, en aras de alcanzar la justicia.
GRP 78 antibodies are associated with clinical phenotype in neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Shimizu Fumitaka , Takeshita Yukio , Hamamoto Yuka , Nishihara Hideaki , Sano Yasuteru , Honda Masaya , Sato Ryota , Maeda Toshihiko , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Fujikawa Susumu , Kanda Takashi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe previously reported the association between blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP 78) autoantibodies in neuromyelitis optica (NMO).ObjectiveWe clarify whether the BBB‐endothelial cell activation induced by immunoglobulin G (IgG) is associated with the clinical phenotype, disease activity, and markers of BBB disruption.MethodsWe purified serum IgG from 24 serum samples from patients with NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD), who were positive for anti‐AQP4 antibodies (longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis [LETM], n = 14; optic neuritis [ON], n = 6; other phenotype, n = 4) and nine healthy controls. IgG was exposed to human brain microvascular endothelial cells (TY10) and the number of nuclear NF‐κB p65‐positive cells, as a marker of endothelial cell activation, was analyzed using a high‐content imaging system. Change in BBB permeability was also measured. The presence of GRP78 autoantibodies was detected by Western blotting.ResultsIn the LETM group, IgG significantly induced the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB p65 in comparison to the ON and healthy control groups. A significant correlation was observed between the number of NF‐κB nuclear‐positive cells and clinical markers of BBB disruption, including Gd enhancement in spinal MRI and the cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin ratio. This effect was significantly reduced at the remission phase in the individual NMOSD patients. Furthermore, GRP78 antibody positivity was associated with the LETM phenotype and disease severity in NMOSD patients.ConclusionEndothelial cell activation was associated with the LETM phenotype, clinical markers of BBB disruption and disease activity. These observations may explain the phenotypic differences between the NMOSD subtypes, LETM, and isolated ON.
Carbonate Apatite Micro‐Honeycombed Blocks Generate Bone Marrow‐Like Tissues as well as Bone
Authors: Hayashi Koichiro , Kishida Ryo , Tsuchiya Akira , Ishikawa Kunio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells form blood cells in bone marrow and reside in niches. Artificial environments that conserve these niches may generate bone marrow. Osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and material resorption must be regulated to create these environments. These processes are controlled by material composition and macro‐ and microporous structures. Here, three blocks with different micropore structures are fabricated. Carbonate apatite has nearly the same composition as natural human bone and their honeycomb structure facilitates cell penetration and survival. In samples with high microporosity, endosteum‐like tissues such as sinusoids form in areas of material resorption and high local calcium concentration. These conditions resemble environments conducive to niche maintenance. Bone marrow–like tissues and megakaryocytes are successfully generated in this environment. Micropore structure is the most critical factor in bone marrow formation; however, the influences of material composition and macropore structure must also be considered. The results of this study may help develop treatments for bone marrow–related diseases and elucidate the components and functions of the hematopoietic stem cell niche.
Targeted Synergy between Adjacent Co Atoms on Graphene Oxide as an Efficient New Electrocatalyst for Li–CO2 Batteries
Authors: Zhang Bin‐Wei , Jiao Yan , Chao Dong‐Liang , Ye Chao , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Davey Kenneth , Liu Hua‐Kun , Dou Shi‐Xue , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLi–CO2 batteries are an attractive technology for converting CO2 into energy. However, the decomposition of insulating Li2CO3 on the cathode during discharge is a barrier to practical application. Here, it is demonstrated that a high loading of single Co atoms (≈5.3%) anchored on graphene oxide (adjacent Co/GO) acts as an efficient and durable electrocatalyst for Li–CO2 batteries. This targeted dispersion of atomic Co provides catalytically adjacent active sites to decompose Li2CO3. The adjacent Co/GO exhibits a highly significant sustained discharge capacity of 17 358 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 for >100 cycles. Density functional theory simulations confirm that the adjacent Co electrocatalyst possesses the best performance toward the decomposition of Li2CO3 and maintains metallic‐like nature after the adsorption of Li2CO3.
Dual‐Phase All‐Inorganic Cesium Halide Perovskites for Conducting‐Bridge Memory‐Based Artificial Synapses
Authors: Kim Sun Gil , Van Le Quyet , Han Ji Su , Kim Hyojung , Choi Min‐Ju , Lee Sol A , Kim Taemin Ludvic , Kim Sang Bum , Kim Soo Young , Jang Ho Won 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNeuromorphic computing, which mimics biological neural networks, can overcome the high‐power and large‐throughput problems of current von Neumann computing. Two‐terminal memristors are regarded as promising candidates for artificial synapses, which are the fundamental functional units of neuromorphic computing systems. All‐inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite‐based memristors are feasible to use in resistive switching memory and artificial synapses due to their fast ion migration. However, the ideal perovskite phase α‐CsPbI3 is structurally unstable at ambient temperature and rapidly degrades to a non‐perovskite δ‐CsPbI3 phase. Here, dual‐phase (Cs3Bi2I9)0.4−(CsPbI3)0.6 is successfully fabricated to achieve improved air stability and surface morphology compared to each single phase. Notably, the Ag/polymethylmethacrylate/(Cs3Bi2I9)0.4−(CsPbI3)0.6/Pt device exhibits non‐volatile memory functions with an endurance of ≈103 cycles and retention of ≈104 s with low operation voltages. Moreover, the device successfully emulates synaptic behavior such as long‐term potentiation/depression and spike timing/width‐dependent plasticity. This study will contribute to improving the structural and mechanical stability of all‐inorganic halide perovskites (IHPs) via the formation of dual phase. In addition, it proves the great potential of IHPs for use in low‐power non‐volatile memory devices and electronic synapses.
Photonic Metamaterial Absorbers: Morphology Engineering and Interdisciplinary Applications
Authors: Feng Lei , Huo Pengcheng , Liang Yuzhang , Xu Ting 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent advances in nanofabrication technologies have spurred many breakthroughs in the field of photonic metamaterials that provide efficient ways of manipulating light–matter interaction at subwavelength scales. As one of the most important applications, photonic metamaterials can be used to implement novel optical absorbers. First the morphology engineering of various photonic metamaterial absorbers is discussed, which is highly associated with impendence matching conditions and resonance modes of the absorbers, thus directly determines their absorption efficiency, operational bandwidth, incident angle, and polarization dependence. Then, the recent achievements of various interdisciplinary applications based on photonic metamaterial absorbers, including structural color generation, ultrasensitive optical sensing, solar steam generation, and highly responsive photodetection, are reviewed. This report is expected to provide an overview and vision for the future development of photonic metamaterial absorbers and their applications in novel nanophotonic systems.
Remedies for Polysulfide Dissolution in Room‐Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Yun‐Xiao , Lai Wei‐Hong , Chou Shu‐Lei , Liu Hua‐Kun , Dou Shi‐Xue 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRechargeable room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (RT‐NaS) batteries represent one of the most attractive technologies for future stationary energy storage due to their high energy density and low cost. The S cathodes can react with Na ions via two‐electron conversion reactions, thus achieving ultrahigh theoretical capacity (1672 mAh g−1) and specific energy (1273 Wh kg−1). Unfortunately, the sluggish reaction kinetics of the nonconductive S, severe polysulfide dissolution, and the use of metallic Na are causing enormous challenges for the development of RT‐NaS batteries. Fatal polysulfide dissolution is highlighted, important studies toward polysulfide immobilization and conversion are presented, and the reported remedies in terms of intact physical confinement, strong chemical interaction, blocking layers, and optimization of electrolytes are summarized. Future research directions toward practical RT‐NaS batteries are summarized.
Incorporating Niobium in MoS2 at BEOL‐Compatible Temperatures and its Impact on Copper Diffusion Barrier Performance
Authors: Zhao Rui , Lo Chun‐Li , Zhang Fu , Ghosh Ram Krishna , Knobloch Theresia , Terrones Mauricio , Chen Zhihong , Robinson Joshua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe continuous scaling of transistors has led to unprecedented challenges for interconnect technologies. Conventional barriers fail when thinned below 4 nm; therefore, novel materials and back‐end‐of‐line (BEOL) compatible synthesis are urgently needed. 2D transition metal dichalcogenides present a unique opportunity for addressing the scaling of interconnects. Here, nanometer thick Nb‐incorporated MoS2 is successfully synthesized at BEOL compatible temperatures and their abilities of blocking Cu atom diffusion are investigated. Nb incorporation of MoS2 is systematically studied at 450 °C and its growth dynamics is compared with those carried out at high temperatures. The addition of a few percent Nb in MoS2 enhances breakdown time by more than 100×, reaching a failure time >12 500 s under the electric field of 7 MV cm−1. These results suggest that integration of Nb‐incorporated MoS2 in electronic technologies is a promising route for the sub‐5 nm technology node.
Visible to Near‐Infrared Persistent Luminescence and Mechanoluminescence from Pr3+‐Doped LiGa5O8 for Energy Storage and Bioimaging
Authors: Xiong Puxian , Peng Mingying , Qin Kexin , Xu Feifei , Xu Xingyi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHere, a novel multifunctional phosphor of Li1−xGa5O8:xPr3+ is reported. The crystal structure, mechanoluminescence (ML), persistent luminescence (PersL), photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) are systematically studied. LiGa5O8 emits blue PersL peaked at 437 nm after irradiation by a 254 nm lamp for 10 s, and corresponding PersL can be observed for 30 min by naked eyes. In the same case, the PersL from Li0.995Ga5O8:0.005Pr3+ covers visible to near‐infrared lights (400–1000 nm) which can persist for 120 min. Thermoluminescence analysis shows Pr3+ doping not only increases the shallower trap (0.73 eV) concentration by at least 20 times but also helps the formation of deeper trap centers (0.87 eV). The differences between ML and PersL spectra reveal the selective effects of mechanical stimuli on the transitions of Pr3+ ions. In the end, the fabrication of an intelligent PersL quick response code (QR‐code) permits optical information write‐in after irradiation by a 254 nm lamp and then cryptical information of “SCUT” can be read out by thermal stimulation which shows the potential in information storage. Moreover, the biological tissues penetration experiments and cytotoxicity tests are carried out to display the potential of PersL in bioimaging.
Understanding Interfacial Mechanics and Mechanisms of Exfoliation and Stabilization of Graphene Using Urea/Glycerol Solvents
Authors: Li Bei , Hong Shibo , Zhang Xu , Xiong Chuanxi , Zhao Guanghui , Yang Quanling , Liu Hanxing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractKnowledge of interfacial mechanics and mechanisms of liquid exfoliation and stabilization of graphene in green solvents is vitally important in advancing preparation and characterization of graphene‐based materials. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate exfoliation and stabilization of graphene from graphite with the assistance of urea and glycerol hybrid solvents. It is shown that the parallel exfoliation of graphene requires far less external forces as compared with the perpendicular exfoliation. Among different mediums, the 1:2 molar ratio of urea to glycerol solution presents the smallest or even negligible resistive force in both directions due to the less compressed steric hindrance to graphene exfoliation and the optimal hydrogen bonds formed between the binary solvents. During the dispersion process, the urea molecules first wedge into the graphene interlayer and then facilitate the glycerol to diffuse around or inside of the interstice due to hydrogen bonding. The confined solvents form stable layered structure to solvate and stabilize the exfoliated graphene. This work is believed to provide atomic scale understanding of interfacial mechanics and mechanisms of liquid‐phase exfoliation and dispersion of graphene and other 2D materials in low‐cost and environmental‐friendly hybrid solvents.
Efficiency above 12% for 1 cm2 Flexible Organic Solar Cells with Ag/Cu Grid Transparent Conducting Electrode
Authors: Han Yunfei , Chen Xiaolian , Wei Junfeng , Ji Guoqi , Wang Chen , Zhao Wenchao , Lai Junqi , Zha Wusong , Li Zerui , Yan Lingpeng , Gu Huiming , Luo Qun , Chen Qi , Chen Liwei , Hou Jianhui , Su Wenming , Ma Chang‐Qi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith the rapid progress of organic solar cells (OSCs), improvement in the efficiency of large‐area flexible OSCs (>1 cm2) is crucial for real applications. However, the development of the large‐area flexible OSCs severely lags behind the growth of the small‐area OSCs, with the electrical loss due to the large sheet resistance of the electrode being a main reason. Herein, a high conductive and high transparent Ag/Cu composite grid with sheet resistance <1 Ω sq−1 and an average visible light transparency of 84% is produced as the transparent conducting electrode of flexible OSCs. Based on this Ag/Cu composite grid electrode, a high efficiency of 12.26% for 1 cm2 flexible OSCs is achieved. The performances of large‐area flexible OSCs also reach 7.79% (4 cm2) and 7.35% (9 cm2), respectively, which are much higher than those of the control devices with conventional flexible indium tin oxide electrodes. Surface planarization using highly conductive PEDOT:PSS and modification of the ZnO buffer layer by zirconium acetylacetonate (ZrAcac) are two necessary steps to achieve high performance. The flexible OSCs employing Ag/Cu grid have excellent mechanical bending resistance, maintaining high performance after bending at a radius of 2 mm.
Scalable and Isotropic Expansion of Tissues with Simply Tunable Expansion Ratio
Authors: Park Han‐Eol , Choi Dongkil , Park Ji Su , Sim Changgon , Park Sohyun , Kang Sunah , Yim Hyunsoo , Lee Myungsun , Kim Jaeyoun , Pac Jinyoung , Rhee Kunsoo , Lee Junho , Lee Yunjong , Lee Yan , Kim Sung‐Yon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTissue expansion techniques physically expand swellable gel‐embedded biological specimens to overcome the resolution limit of light microscopy. As the benefits of expansion come at the expense of signal concentration, imaging volume and time, and mechanical integrity of the sample, the optimal expansion ratio may widely differ depending on the experiment. However, existing expansion methods offer only fixed expansion ratios that cannot be easily adjusted to balance the gain and loss associated with expansion. Here, a hydrogel conversion‐based expansion method is presented, that enables easy adjustment of the expansion ratio for individual needs, simply by changing the duration of a heating step. This method, termed ZOOM, isotropically expands samples up to eightfold in a single expansion process. ZOOM preserves biomolecules for post‐processing labelings and supports multi‐round expansion for the imaging of a single sample at multiple zoom factors. ZOOM can be flexibly and scalably applied to nanoscale imaging of diverse samples, ranging from cultured cells to thick tissues, as well as bacteria, exoskeletal Caenorhabditis elegans, and human brain samples.
Uncovering Structural Opportunities for Zirconium Metal–Organic Frameworks via Linker Desymmetrization
Authors: Wang Yutong , Feng Liang , Zhang Kai , Wang Kun‐Yu , Fan Weidong , Wang Xiaokang , Guo Bingbing , Dai Fangna , Zhang Liangliang , Sun Daofeng , Zhou Hong‐Cai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe discovery of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) mimicking inorganic minerals with intricate topologies requires elaborate linker design guidelines. Herein, the concept of linker desymmetrization into the design of tetratopic linker based Zr‐MOFs is applied. A series of bent tetratopic linkers with various substituents are utilized to construct Zr‐MOFs with distinct cluster connectivities and topologies. For example, the assembly between a bent linker L‐SO2 with C2v symmetry and an 8‐connected Zr6 cluster leads to the formation of an scu topology, while another flu topology can be obtained by the combination of a novel 8‐connected Zr6 cluster and a bent linker L‐O with C1 symmetry. Further utilization of restricted bent linker [(L‐(CH3)6)] gives rise to a fascinating (4, 6)‐c cor net, originated from the corundum lattice, with an unprecedented 6‐c Zr6 cluster. In addition, the removal of toxic selenite ions in aqueous solution is performed by PCN‐903‐(CH3)6 which exhibits rapid and efficient detoxification. This work uncovers new structural opportunities for Zr‐MOFs via linker desymmetrization and provides novel design strategies for the discovery of sophisticated topologies for practical applications.
Low Detection Limit and High Sensitivity Wind Speed Sensor Based on Triboelectrification‐Induced Electroluminescence
Authors: Su Li , Wang Hailu , Tian Zhen , Wang Haojie , Cheng Qian , Yu Wei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has tremendously increased the demands for wind speed sensors in various applications, such as weather forecasting and environmental monitoring. To date, many wind speed sensors are developed based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, the low output current leads to a poor sensing precision, which greatly limits their practical applications. Here, a wind speed sensor is proposed by integrating a wind‐driven triboelectrification‐induced electroluminescence (TIEL) component with a perovskite‐based photodetector (PD) for enlarged electric current output. Compared with mechanoluminescence (ML), TIEL displays significantly higher signal intensity even under gentle breezes. In addition, the emission peak of TIEL matches with the absorption band of perovskite materials. Thus, TIEL materials are promising candidates for generating distinct electrical signals in real‐time to facilitate the detection of wind speed. With a comparable detection limit (5 m s−1) to a conventional TENG‐based wind speed sensor, the sensitivity of this hybrid sensor is three magnitudes higher at low bias voltages and, the response time is extremely short (<0.3 s). Moreover, it shows a favorable correlation with a commercial sensor. This research provides important progress toward environmentally‐friendly light sources and TIEL‐related sensor systems.
Elucidating the Effect of Iron Doping on the Electrochemical Performance of Cobalt‐Free Lithium‐Rich Layered Cathode Materials
Authors: Wu Fanglin , Kim Guk‐Tae , Kuenzel Matthias , Zhang Huang , Asenbauer Jakob , Geiger Dorin , Kaiser Ute , Passerini Stefano 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe eco‐friendly and low‐cost Co‐free Li1.2Mn0.585Ni0.185Fe0.03O2 is investigated as a positive material for Li‐ion batteries. The electrochemical performance of the 3 at% Fe‐doped material exhibits an optimal performance with a capacity and voltage retention of 70 and 95%, respectively, after 200 cycles at 1C. The effect of iron doping on the electrochemical properties of lithium‐rich layered materials is investigated by means of in situ X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique during the first charge–discharge cycle while high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy is used to follow the structural and chemical change of the electrode material upon long‐term cycling. By means of these characterizations it is concluded that iron doping is a suitable approach for replacing cobalt while mitigating the voltage and capacity degradation of lithium‐rich layered materials. Finally, complete lithium‐ion cells employing Li1.2Mn0.585Ni0.185Fe0.03O2 and graphite show a specific energy of 361 Wh kg−1 at 0.1C rate and very stable performance upon cycling, retaining more than 80% of their initial capacity after 200 cycles at 1C rate. These results highlight the bright prospects of this material to meet the high energy density requirements for electric vehicles.