bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological Anthropology in 2018: Grounded in Theory, Questioning Contexts, Embracing Innovation
Authors: Martin Melanie Ann 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTBiological anthropology in 2018 encapsulated what past scholars envisioned for its future: a multidisciplinary approach to understanding human and nonhuman primate evolution and diversity using the most innovative techniques and rigorous standards available. This year also built on a tradition of introspection about what biological anthropology encompasses and by whom and how it is conducted. This review highlights research and movements in the field that reflect both of these pursuits. Studies drew on evolutionary theory to generate novel insights into human and nonhuman primate biology, behavior, and organization. Studies on hominin evolution and human biology have upended previous understandings by revealing more dynamic and context‐dependent processes in our ancestry and phenotypic expressions. Across subdisciplines, biological anthropologists have advanced the use of new technologies and analytical techniques and begun to promote open, transparent, and reproducible science among a more diverse community of researchers. [year in review, evolutionary anthropology, context and variation, emerging technologies, transparent methods, researcher diversity]
Estimating the demand for settlement balances in the Canadian Large Value Transfer System: How much is too much?
Authors: Zhang Nellie (Yinan) 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper applies a static model of an interest rate corridor to the Canadian data and estimates the aggregate demand for central bank settlement balances in the Large Value Transfer System (LVTS). The analysis takes into account the downward divergence of the overnight interest rate from the target rate, which has been persistent since 2005. The results suggest that a target of $3,000,000,000 for LVTS settlement balances does not seem excessive during the time period when Canadian monetary policy was operating at the effective lower bound (ELB). In addition, the estimation shows that the point elasticity of overnight interest rate is around 0.17 in the ELB framework.
Macroeconomic impacts of remittances in Bangladesh: The role of reverse flows
Authors: Das Anupam , Chowdhury Murshed 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDas and Serieux (2010; 2015) and Serieux (2011) used the term “reverse flows” to define the part of external resources that is not domestically absorbed; instead used to finance debt obligations, capital flight, and accumulate reserves. While there is a vast literature on the growth and development impact of remittances in developing countries, the existing empirical literature has mostly ignored the potential diversion of remittances to reverse flows. This paper bridges the gap in the literature by estimating the reverse flows in the case of Bangladesh, which is one of the top remittance recipient countries in the world. The data set runs from 1976 to 2015. Econometric results obtained by employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach show that almost 13–14% of remittances (as the ratio of gross domestic product, GDP) are diverted to finance reverse flows. In other words, the effects of remittances (as the ratio of GDP) on consumption and investment rates are no more than 86–87%. Therefore, the underlying assumption made in the existing literature that all remittances are used to increase consumption and/or investment overstates the impact of this external resource flow in Bangladesh. Findings from this study have important policy implications not only for Bangladesh but for other remittance recipient developing countries. Our findings will help the government to design policies to ensure the optimum allocation of remittances in the domestic economy.
Beyond checkboxes: A qualitative assessment of physicians' experiences providing care in a patient‐centred medical home
Authors: Sklar Marisa , Seijo Chariz , Goldman Roberta E. , Eaton Charles B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThe patient‐centred medical home (PCMH) is an innovative approach to health care reform. Despite a well‐established process for recognizing PCMH practices, fidelity to, and/or adaptation of, the PCMH model can limit health care and population health improvements. This study explored the connection between fidelity/adaptation to the PCMH model with implementation successes and challenges through the experiences of family and internal medicine PCMH physicians.MethodsInterviews were conducted at two academic PCMH clinics with faculty and resident physicians. Data were transcribed and coded on the basis of an a priori code list. Together, the authors reviewed text and furthered the analysis process to reach final interpretation of the data.ResultsTen faculty and nine resident physicians from the Family Care Centre (FCC; n = 11) and the Internal Medicine Clinic (IMC; n = 8) were interviewed. Both FCC and IMC physicians spoke positively about their clinic's adherence to the PCMH model of enhanced access to care, coordinated/integrated care, and improvements in quality and safety through data collection and documentation. However, physicians highlighted inadequate staffing and clinic hours. FCC physicians also discussed the challenge of providing high‐quality care amidst differences in coverage between payers.ConclusionThere remains significant variability in PCMH characteristics across the United States and Canada. This qualitative analysis uncovered factors contributing to fidelity/adaptation to the PCMH model in two academic PCMH clinics. For the PCMH to achieve the Triple Aim promise of improved patient health and experience at a reduced cost, policy must support fidelity to core elements of the PCMH.
Analysis of antibiotic residues in raw and commercial milk in Punjab, India vis‐à‐vis human health risk assessment
Authors: Moudgil Pallavi , Bedi Jasbir S. , Aulakh Rabinder S. , Gill Jatinder P. S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe present study quantitatively analyzed the occurrence of antibiotic residues in 524 milk samples (492 raw milk samples from dairy farms and 32 commercial milk samples) from Punjab, India using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Tetracyclines, sulphonamides, fluoroquinolones (commonly used in veterinary practice in Punjab), and chloramphenicol (banned in food animals in India) were targeted and analyzed using multiresidue HPLC method. Out of 492 dairy farms milk samples, 78 (16%) were found to be positive for antibiotic residues with 20 (4%) exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Among 32 commercial milk samples, 4 (12.5%) were positive for antibiotic residues with one (3.1%) sample violated the MRL. Assessment of human health risks revealed that the current levels of antibiotic residues in milk pose no significant toxicological effects on the health of consumers. However, the results highlighted an immediate need of effective strategies for prevention of nonprudent use of antibiotics in veterinary practice for safeguarding consumer's health.
What Is the Expected Return on a Stock?
Authors: MARTIN IAN W. R. , WAGNER CHRISTIAN 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTWe derive a formula for the expected return on a stock in terms of the risk‐neutral variance of the market and the stock's excess risk‐neutral variance relative to that of the average stock. These quantities can be computed from index and stock option prices; the formula has no free parameters. The theory performs well empirically both in and out of sample. Our results suggest that there is considerably more variation in expected returns, over time and across stocks, than has previously been acknowledged.
Heat- and melt-fluxed melting of lower continental crust: Insights from two types of subduction-related granitoids in northeastern China and the implications for crustal reworking and growth
Authors: Ma Xing-Hua , Qiao Shi-Lei , Xiang Peng , Grebennikov Andrei V. , Zhou Renjie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractConvergent plate boundaries are the primary location for the formation of continental crust by the intrusion of arc batholiths that contain essentially mantle-derived magmas. This paper presents two types of arc granitoids (enclave-free monzogranites and enclave-bearing granodiorites) in northeastern (NE) China to understand crustal evolution and growth in the eastern Asian continental margin. The monzogranites (189 Ma) show characteristics typical of upper continental crust, with high SiO2 contents and enrichment of K, Rb, and Pb. These monzogranites have low ISr (87Sr/86Sr) ratios (0.70378–0.70413) and positive εNd (t) (+2.2 to +2.3) and εHf (t) (+7.3 to +10.2) values. These features, combined with high zircon saturation temperatures (TZr > 800 °C), suggest that the monzogranites were generated by the heat-fluxed melting of juvenile lower crust. In contrast, the granodiorites (171 Ma) contain abundant coeval mafic enclaves and show relatively low silica contents, low TZr (748–799 °C), and particularly wide variation in εHf (t) (−3.5 to +5.6), implying a hybrid origin involving both mantle- and crust-derived components. Isotopic modeling indicates that mantle material accounts for around 60%–70% of the hybrid magmas by volume. The granodiorites have adakite-like signatures (e.g., Sr/Y > 21 and [La/Yb]N > 15), which may have been primarily caused by a process of magma mixing and hornblende-dominated fractional fractionation, rather than through melting of a subducting slab or thickened lower crust. The two distinct granitoids (monzogranites and granodiorites) represent continental crustal reworking and growth, respectively, related to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the eastern Asian continental margin during the Jurassic.
Exposing dark sector with futureZ-factories
Authors: Liu Jia , Wang Lian-Tao , Wang Xiao-Ping , Xue Wei 
Published: April 2019

We investigate the prospects of searching dark sector models via exotic [Formula: see text]-boson decay at future [Formula: see text] colliders with Giga [Formula: see text] and Tera [Formula: see text] options. Four general categories of dark sector models: Higgs portal dark matter, vector portal dark matter, inelastic dark matter and axion-like particles, are considered. Focusing on channels motivated by the dark sector models, we carry out a model independent study of the sensitivities of [Formula: see text]-factories in probing exotic decays. The limits on branching ratios of the exotic [Formula: see text] decay are typically [Formula: see text] for the Giga [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for the Tera [Formula: see text], and they are compared with the projection for the high luminosity LHC. We demonstrate that future [Formula: see text]-factories can provide its unique and leading sensitivity, and highlight the complementarity with other experiments, including the indirect and direct dark matter search limits, and the existing collider limits. Future [Formula: see text] factories will play a leading role to uncover the hidden sector of the universe in the future.
A study on the field emission properties of Bi2Se3nanostructures prepared by laser ablation
Authors: Ohsumi Yu , Koinkar Pankaj , Furube Akihiro , Lin Keh Moh , Kondawar Subhash , More Mahendra A. 
Published: April 2019

One of the effective methods known as pulse laser ablation in liquid (PLAL), in which a solid target material is immersed in an organic solvent and laser beam is irradiated through liquid on a target material, is a direct method used to generate nanoparticles in liquid medium. The present work is focused on the preparation of bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) nanoparticles using PLAL to study their field emission characteristics. The PLAL was performed under nanosecond (ns) laser with different ablation time of 120 min and 240 min. The field emission characteristics were measured in the planer “diode” configuration in all metal ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chamber. The prepared Bi2Se3nanoparticles were analyzed with different characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible spectroscopy in order to study the surface morphology and structural information. The generation of Bi2Se3nanoparticles is found after PLAL, which clearly suggests that bulk Bi2Se3microsheet is transformed into Bi2Se3nanoparticles. The X-ray spectra and UV spectra show the formation of nanoparticles upon laser ablation. The improvement in the field emission properties is found for laser-ablated Bi2Se3nanoparticles. The field emission characteristics lead to increase in current density, which can be ascribed to the reduction in size of Bi2Se3nanoparticles due to laser ablation. The prepared Bi2Se3nanoparticles could be considered for novel applications in optoelectronics devices.
FOSTERING EMPLOYEES’ INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOUR IN HEALTHCARE ORGANISATIONS
Authors: CARLUCCI DANIELA , MURA MATTEO , SCHIUMA GIOVANNI 
Published: April 2019

Healthcare workers’ innovative work behaviour plays a key role in generating innovation. To date determinants of innovative work behaviour are not completely detected and there is a call for additional empirical evidence on organizational-level factors influencing individual’s innovation.This study empirically explores the relationships between organizational climate, organisation’s openness to innovation, and innovative work behaviour in the context of a public sector healthcare organization.A survey has been conducted on employees of a large Italian public sector hospital. Data collected on 560 professionals have been analyzed through Structural Equation Modelling technique.The results show that organisational climate affects employees’ innovative work behavior both directly and indirectly through organisation’s openness to innovation. Specifically our findings highlight that organization’s openness to innovation partially mediates the relationship between organizational climate and employees’ innovative work behavior.The results should lead managers to consider the importance of organizational climate and openness to innovation as effective levers to pull in order to improve employees’ innovative work behavior.
Efficacy and safety of 20% albumin fluid loading in healthy subjects: a comparison of four resuscitation fluids
Authors: Bihari Shailesh , Wiersema Ubbo F , Perry Rebecca , Schembri David , Bouchier Tara , Dixon Dani , Wong Teresa , Bersten Andrew D 
Published: April 2019

Recently, buffered salt solutions and 20% albumin (small volume resuscitation) have been advocated as an alternative fluid for intravenous resuscitation. The relative comparative efficacy and potential adverse effects of these solutions have not been evaluated. In a randomized, double blind, cross-over study of six healthy male subjects we compared the pulmonary and hemodynamic effects of intravenous administration of 30 ml/kg of 0.9% saline, Hartmann's solution and 4% albumin, and 6 ml/kg of 20% albumin (albumin dose equivalent). Lung tests (spirometry, ultrasound, impulse oscillometry, diffusion capacity, and plethysmography), two- to three-dimensional Doppler echocardiography, carotid applanation tonometry, blood gases, serum/urine markers of endothelial, and kidney injury were measured before and after each fluid bolus. Data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA with effect of fluid type examined as an interaction. Crystalloids caused lung edema [increase in ultrasound B line ( P = 0.006) and airway resistance ( P = 0.009)], but evidence of lung injury [increased angiopoietin-2 ( P = 0.019)] and glycocalyx injury [increased syndecan ( P = 0.026)] was only observed with 0.9% saline. The colloids caused greater left atrial stretch, decrease in lung volumes, and increase in diffusion capacity than the crystalloids, but without pulmonary edema. Stroke work increased proportionally to increase in preload with all four fluids ( R2 = 0.71). There was a greater increase in cardiac output and stroke volume after colloid administration, associated with a reduction in afterload. Hartmann’s solution did not significantly alter ventricular performance. Markers of kidney injury were not affected by any of the fluids administrated. Bolus administration of 20% albumin is both effective and safe in healthy subjects.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Bolus administration of 20% albumin is both effective and safe in healthy subjects when compared with other commonly available crystalloids and colloidal solution.
Liquid Biopsy of Extracellular Microvesicles Predicts Future Major Ischemic Events in Genetically Characterized Familial Hypercholesterolemia Patients
Authors: Suades Rosa , Padró Teresa , Crespo Javier , Sionis Alessandro , Alonso Rodrigo , Mata Pedro , Badimon Lina 
Published: April 2019

Objective—
Circulating microvesicles (cMVs) exert regulatory roles in atherothrombosis. Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) that are at high risk for premature cardiovascular events (CVEs) have previously shown high levels of cMVs related to disease severity. However, much remains unknown about their value as markers of CVE. We sought to investigate the prognostic cMV signature for future major CVE presentation in patients with FH.

Approach and Results—

Liquid biopsies from genetically characterized patients with FH from the SAFEHEART (Spanish Familial Hypercholesterolemia Cohort Study)-cohort without clinical manifestation of disease at entry that were going to suffer a CVE within a mean period of 3.3±2.6 years postsampling (CVE, N=92) and from age/cardiovascular risk factor/treatment-matched patients with FH that did not suffer an event within the same time-period (non-CVE, N=48) were investigated. cMVs were phenotyped by flow cytometry to identify activated parental cells. Patients with CVE had higher number of overall procoagulant annexin V
+
-cMVs than non-CVE (
P
<0.05). Pan-leukocyte-derived and neutrophil-derived cMVs, as well as activated platelet-derived cMVs, were significantly higher in patients with CVE. Baseline number of cMVs derived from lymphocytes, neutrophils, and activated platelets were positively associated with mortality at follow-up (
P
<0.05). Patient-risk calculated by classical cardiovascular risk-factor scores did not correlate with cMVs. Inclusion of the cMV signature into the SAFEHEART risk model for patients with FH for the prediction of ischemic events increased the area under the curve from 0.603±0.050 to 0.768±0.042 (
P
<0.005).

Conclusions—
Patients with FH who are going to suffer a CVE within a mean period of 3.3 years, despite being treated according to guidelines, have ongoing innate immune cell and platelet activation. The proposed cMV signature is a prognostic marker for accelerated atherosclerosis and clinical event presentation in patients with FH.
Maternal Viral Infection and Risk of Fetal Congenital Heart Diseases: A Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Ye Ziwei , Wang Lesan , Yang Tubao , Chen Lizhang , Wang Tingting , Chen Letao , Zhao Lijuan , Zhang Senmao , Zheng Zan , Luo Liu , Qin Jiabi 
Published: April 2019

Background

At present, the association between maternal viral infection and risk of congenital heart diseases (
CHD
) in offspring is uncertain; additionally, a complete overview is missing. A meta‐analysis of observational studies was performed to address the question of whether women who had a history of viral infection in early pregnancy were at an increased risk of
CHD
in offspring, compared with mothers without viral infection.

Methods and Results

Unrestricted searches were conducted, with an end date parameter of July 15, 2018, of PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Libraries, and Chinese databases, to identify studies that met prestated inclusion criteria. Seventeen case‐control studies involving 67 233 women were included for analysis. Both fixed‐effects models (odds ratio [OR], 1.83; 95%
CI
, 1.58–2.12;
P
<0.0001) and random‐effects models (
OR
, 2.28; 95%
CI
, 1.54–3.36;
P
<0.0001) suggested that mothers who had a history of viral infection in early pregnancy experienced a significantly increased risk of developing
CHD
in offspring. For specific viral infections, the risk of developing
CHD
in offspring was significantly increased among mothers with rubella virus (OR, 3.49, 95% CI, 2.39–5.11 in fixed‐effects models; and OR, 3.54; 95% CI, 1.75–7.15 in random‐effects models) and cytomegalovirus (OR, 3.95; 95% CI, 1.87–8.36 in fixed‐effects models) in early pregnancy; however, other maternal viral infections in early pregnancy were not significantly associated with risk of
CHD
in offspring. Sensitivity analysis yielded consistent results. No evidence of publication bias was observed.

Conclusions

Although the role of potential bias and evidence of heterogeneity should be carefully evaluated, the present study suggests that maternal viral infection is significantly associated with risk of
CHD
in offspring.
A genome-wide association study implicatesNR2F2in lymphangioleiomyomatosis pathogenesis
Authors: Kim Wonji , Giannikou Krinio , Dreier John R. , Lee Sanghun , Tyburczy Magdalena E. , Silverman Edwin K. , Radzikowska Elżbieta , Wu Shulin , Wu Chin-Lee , Henske Elizabeth P. , Hunninghake Gary , Carel Havi , Roman Antonio , Pujana Miquel Angel , Moss Joel , Won Sungho , Kwiatkowski David J. 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionLymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) occurs either associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) or as sporadic disease (S-LAM). Risk factors for development of S-LAM are unknown. We hypothesised that DNA sequence variants outside ofTSC2/TSC1might be associated with susceptibility for S-LAM and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS).MethodsGenotyped and imputed data on 5 426 936 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 426 S-LAM subjects were compared, using conditional logistic regression, with similar data from 852 females from COPDGene in a matched case–control design. For replication studies, genotypes for 196 non-Hispanic White female S-LAM subjects were compared with three different sets of controls. RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry analyses were also performed.ResultsTwo noncoding genotyped SNPs met genome-wide significance: rs4544201 and rs2006950 (p=4.2×10−8and 6.1×10−9, respectively), which are in the same 35 kb linkage disequilibrium block on chromosome 15q26.2. This association was replicated in an independent cohort.NR2F2(nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 2), a nuclear receptor and transcription factor, was the only nearby protein-coding gene.NR2F2expression was higher by RNA sequencing in one abdominal LAM tumour and four kidney angiomyolipomas, a LAM-related tumour, compared with all cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Immunohistochemistry showed strong nuclear expression in both LAM and angiomyolipoma tumours.ConclusionsSNPs on chromosome 15q26.2 are associated with S-LAM, and chromatin and expression data suggest that this association may occur through effects onNR2F2expression, which potentially plays an important role in S-LAM development.