bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in gut hormones, glycaemic response and symptoms after oesophagectomy
Authors: Elliott J A , Docherty N G , Murphy C F , Eckhardt H-G , Doyle S L , Guinan E M , Ravi N , Reynolds J V , le Roux C W 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Oesophagectomy is associated with reduced appetite, weight loss and postprandial hypoglycaemia, the pathophysiological basis of which remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate changes in enteroendocrine function after oesophagectomy.

Methods
In this prospective study, 12 consecutive patients undergoing oesophagectomy were studied before and 10 days, 6, 12 and 52 weeks after surgery. Serial plasma total fasting ghrelin, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), insulin and glucose release following a standard 400-kcal mixed-meal stimulus were determined. CT body composition and anthropometry were assessed, and symptom scores calculated using European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) questionnaires.

Results
At 1 year, two of the 12 patients exhibited postprandial hypoglycaemia, with reductions in bodyweight (mean(s.e.m.) 17·1(3·2) per cent, P &lt; 0·001), fat mass (21.5(2.5) kg versus 25.5(2.4) kg before surgery; P = 0·014), lean body mass (51.5(2.2) versus 54.0(1.8) kg respectively; P = 0·003) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR: 0.84(0.17) versus 1.16(0.20); P = 0·022). Mean(s.e.m.) fasting ghrelin levels decreased from postoperative day 10, but had recovered by 1 year (preoperative: 621·5(71·7) pg/ml; 10 days: 415·1(59·80) pg/ml; 6 weeks: 309·0(42·0) pg/ml; 12 weeks: 415·8(52·1) pg/ml; 52 weeks: 547·4(83·2) pg/ml; P &lt; 0·001) and did not predict weight loss (P = 0·198). Postprandial insulin increased progressively at 10 days, 6, 12 and 52 weeks (mean(s.e.m.) insulin AUC0–30 min: fold change 1·7(0·4), 2·0(0·4), 3·5(0·7) and 4·0(0·8) respectively; P = 0·001). Postprandial GLP-1 concentration increased from day 10 after surgery (P &lt; 0·001), with a 3·3(1·8)-fold increase at 1 year (P &lt; 0·001). Peak GLP-1 level was inversely associated with the postprandial glucose nadir (P = 0·041) and symptomatic neuroglycopenia (Sigstad score, P = 0·017, R2 = 0·45). GLP-1 AUC predicted loss of weight (P = 0·008, R2 = 0·52) and fat mass (P = 0·010, R2 = 0·64) at 1 year.

Conclusion
Altered enteroendocrine physiology is associated with early satiety, weight loss and postprandial hypoglycaemia after oesophagectomy.
Metabolomics analysis of the therapeutic mechanism of Semen Descurainiae Oil on hyperlipidemia rats using 1H‐NMR and LC–MS
Authors: Cai Yi , Zhao Min , Guan Zhibo , Han Xue , Wang Miao , Zhao Chunjie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSemen descurainiae oil (SDO) is an important traditional Chinese medicine that was recently discovered to have the function of reducing blood lipids. Metabolomics analyses of plasma, liver and kidney in rats were performed using 1H‐NMR and LC–MS to illuminate the lower blood lipid concentration effect of SDO, and niacin was considered as the active control. The measure of total cholesterol (TC) and low‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) in plasma showed that SDO treatment decreased significantly the content of TC and LDL‐C. An orthogonal partial least squares–discriminant analysis approach was applied to identify the different metabolic profiles of plasma, liver and kidney in rats and to detect related potential biomarkers. The results suggested that the metabolic profiles of the control group and hyperlipidemia group showed significant difference and the SDO and niacin group had effective anti‐hyperlipidemia function. The biomarkers primarily concern lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and glycometabolism, and the change in biomarkers indicated that hyperlipidemia could cause the unbalance of these metabolic pathways in vivo. SDO reduced blood lipids by repairing amino acid and lipid metabolism.
Transfer Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Groups, Imines andN‐Heterocycles Catalyzed by Simple, Bipyridine‐Based MnIComplexes
Authors: Dubey Abhishek , Rahaman S. M. Wahidur , Fayzullin Robert R. , Khusnutdinova Julia R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUtilization of hydroxy‐substituted bipyridine ligands in transition metal catalysis mimicking [Fe]‐hydrogenase has been shown to be a promising approach in developing new catalysts for hydrogenation. For example, MnIcomplexes with 6,6′‐dihydroxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine ligand have been previously shown to be active catalysts for CO2hydrogenation. In this work, simple bipyridine‐based Mn catalysts were developed that act as active catalysts for transfer hydrogenation of ketones, aldehydes and imines. For the first time, Mn‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation ofN‐heterocycles was reported. The highest catalytic activity among complexes with variously substituted ligands was observed for the complex bearing two OH groups in bipyridine. Deuterium labeling experiments suggest a monohydride pathway.
First experiences with concrete screw anchors as postinstalled shear reinforcement in concrete bridges
Authors: Lechner Johannes , Feix Jürgen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDue to growing traffic volume and more restrictive design standards, structural engineers require new strengthening systems for concrete structures. Especially the level of calculated shear reinforcement has increased with the introduction of the Eurocode standards. Therefore, new methods to improve the shear strength of existing structures are needed. Concrete screws are used as a fastening system in concrete. Due to the mechanical connection, a very robust bond between the reinforcement element and the concrete is given. The new idea is to use these anchoring elements as postinstalled shear reinforcement. To show the usability and enhancements of the new method, several test series with concrete girders have been performed at the University of Innsbruck. Using concrete screws in several different configurations all test beams showed a remarkable increase in shear‐load capacity. With a new design approach derived from the test results it was possible to apply the new system to several pilot‐projects. One slab bridge built in the 1970s was strengthened to the load level according to Eurocode. Another pilot‐project was realized at a railway bridge with a two span concrete box girder. This bridge was built with tendons vulnerable to stress corrosion cracking. To ensure a ductile failure, strengthening was necessary which was realized with concrete screws under ongoing traffic on and underneath the bridge. Currently a shear strengthening of a city tunnel in the central area of Munich is planned. In the roof slab about 7000 concrete screws are projected to be installed as shear and bending strengthening system.
A Bait‐and‐Switch Method for the Construction of Artificial Esterases for Substrate‐Selective Hydrolysis
Authors: Hu Lan , Zhao Yan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOutcomes of chemical reactions are generally dominated by the intrinsic reactivities of reaction partners, but enzymes frequently override such constraints to transform less reactive molecules in the presence of more reactive ones. Despite the attractiveness of such catalysis, it is difficult to build synthetic catalysts with these features. Micellar imprinting is a powerful method to create template‐complementary binding sites inside protein‐sized water‐soluble nanoparticles. When a photocleavable functional monomer was used to bind two phosphonate/phosphate templates as transition‐state analogues, active sites with predetermined size and shape were formed inside doubly cross‐linked micelles through molecular imprinting. Postmodification replaced the binding group with a catalytic pyridyl group, forming highly selective artificial esterases. The catalysts displayed enzyme‐like kinetics and turnover numbers that were in the hundreds. The selectivity of the catalysts, derived from the substrate‐complementary imprinted active sites, enabled transformation of less reactive esters in the presence of more reactive ones.
Multiple Luminescence Responses towards Mechanical Stimulus and Photo‐Induction: The Key Role of the Stuck Packing Mode and Tunable Intermolecular Interactions
Authors: Dang Qianxi , Hu Lanzhen , Wang Jiaqiang , Zhang Qunhua , Han Mengmeng , Luo Simeng , Gong Yanbin , Wang Can , Li Qianqian , Li Zhen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOrganic luminescence with different forms continues to be one of the most active research fields in science and technology. Herein, an ultra‐simple organic molecule (TPA‐B), which exhibits both mechanoluminescence (ML) and photo‐induced room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in the crystalline state, provides an opportunity to reveal the internal mechanism of ML and the dynamic process of photo‐induced RTP in the same molecule. Through the detailed investigation of photophysical properties together with crystal structures, the key role of molecular packing and intermolecular interactions was highlighted in the luminescence response by mechanical and light stimulus, affording efficient strategies to design potential smart functional materials with multiple luminescence properties.
Alkoxide‐Promoted Selective Hydroboration of N‐Heteroarenes: Pivotal Roles of in situ Generated BH3 in the Dearomatization Process
Authors: Jeong Eunchan , Heo Joon , Park Sehoon , Chang Sukbok 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhile numerous organo(metallic)catalyst systems were documented for dearomative hydroboration of N‐aromatics, alkoxide base catalysts have not been disclosed thus far. Described herein is the first example of alkoxide‐catalyzed hydroboration of N‐heteroaromatics including pyridines, providing a broad range of reduced N‐heterocycles with high efficiency and selectivity. Mechanistic studies revealed an unprecedented counterintuitive dearomatization pathway, in which 1) pyridine‐BH3 adducts undergo a hydride attack by alkoxyborohydrides, 2) in situ generated BH3 serves as a catalytic promoter, and 3) 1,4‐dihydropyridyl borohydride is in a predominant resting state.
Use of 19F Differential Labelling for the Simultaneous Detection and Monitoring of Three Individual Proteins in a Serum Environment
Authors: Edwards John M. , Harris Pernille , Bukrinski Jens T. , Golovanov Alexander P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractProtein behavior in complex mixtures, such as biological fluids, is often modeled by simplified buffer systems in solution. Here we have used the recently described differential 19F labelling approach (with NMR detection) to monitor and compare the solution behaviour of three proteins at once: human serum albumin (HSA), transferrin (TrF), and immunoglobulin G (IgG), both in serum and in buffer. We demonstrate that monitoring three proteins simultaneously and independently in biological fluid is possible, and that the presence of other endogenous components greatly changes the association characteristics of these proteins. For example, in the simplified model buffer system, all three proteins diffuse at a similar rate, while in serum HSA diffuses around three times faster than TrF, and four times faster than IgG. This 19F NMR approach allows characterization of the behaviour of complex multiprotein systems in their native environment, e. g., in biological fluids.
An Efficient Synthesis of 5‐Aminopropargyl‐Pyrimidine‐5′‐O‐Triphosphates Through Palladium‐Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Muthian , Senthilvelan Annamalai , Kore Anilkumar R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe utilization of 5‐aminopropargyl nucleotide serves as a versatile molecular biology tool for the introduction of functional groups into a nucleic acid target of interest by using in‐vitro enzymatic incorporation method. This article describes a simple, reliable, general, and efficient two‐step chemical method for the synthesis of 5‐(3‐aminopropargyl)‐2′‐deoxycytidine‐5′‐O‐triphosphate, 5‐(3‐aminopropargyl)‐cytidine‐5′‐O‐triphosphate, 5‐(3‐aminopropargyl)‐2′‐deoxyuridine‐5′‐O‐triphosphate, and 5‐(3‐aminopropargyl)‐uridine‐5′‐O‐triphosphate, starting from the corresponding pyrimidine triphosphate. The first step involves regioselective C‐5 iodination of pyrimidine triphosphate using N‐iodosuccinimide and sodium azide. In the second step, propargylamine is coupled to the iodo‐pyrimidine using the palladium‐catalyzed Sonogashira reaction, producing good yields of highly pure (>99.5% HPLC) 5‐aminopropargyl‐pyrimidine‐5′‐O‐triphosphate. In this approach, the palladium‐catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction is highly chemoselective and does not involve protection and deprotection. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mahi‐mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) life development: morphological, physiological, behavioral and molecular phenotypes
Authors: Perrichon Prescilla , Stieglitz John D. , Xu Elvis Genbo , Magnuson Jason T. , Pasparakis Christina , Mager Edward M. , Wang Yadong , Schlenk Daniel , Benetti Daniel D. , Roberts Aaron P. , Grosell Martin , Burggren Warren W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundMahi‐mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) is a commercially and ecologically important fish species that is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical waters. Biological attributes and reproductive capacities of mahi‐mahi make it a tractable model for experimental studies. In this study, life development of cultured mahi‐mahi from the zygote stage to adult has been described.ResultsA comprehensive developmental table has been created reporting development as primarily detailed observations of morphology. Additionally, physiological, behavioral, and molecular landmarks have been described to significantly contribute in the understanding of mahi life development.ConclusionRemarkably, despite the vast difference in adult size, many developmental landmarks of mahi map quite closely onto the development and growth of Zebrafish and other warm‐water, active Teleost fishes.
Joule heating effects in optimized insulator‐based dielectrophoretic devices: An interplay between post geometry and temperature rise
Authors: Gallo‐Villanueva Roberto C. , Perez‐Gonzalez Victor H. , Cardenas‐Benitez Braulio , Jind Binny , Martinez‐Chapa Sergio O. , Lapizco‐Encinas Blanca H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInsulator‐based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) is the electrokinetic migration of polarized particles when subjected to a non‐uniform electric field generated by the inclusion of insulating structures between two remote electrodes. Electrode spacing is considerable in iDEP systems when compared to electrode‐based DEP systems, therefore, iDEP systems require high voltages to achieve efficient particle manipulation. A consequence of this is the temperature increase within the channel due to Joule heating effects, which, in some cases, can be detrimental when manipulating biological samples. This work presents an experimental and modeling study on the increase in temperature inside iDEP devices. For this, we studied seven distinct channel designs that mainly differ from each other in their post array characteristics: post shape, post size and spacing between posts. Experimental results obtained using a custom‐built copper Resistance Temperature Detector, based on resistance changes, show that the influence of the insulators produces a difference in temperature rise of approximately 4°C between the designs studied. Furthermore, a 3D COMSOL model is also introduced to evaluate heat generation and dissipation, which is in good agreement with the experiments. The model allowed relating the difference in average temperature for the geometries under study to the electric resistance posed by the post array in each design.
Characteristics and content of intrusive images in patients with eating disorders
Authors: Kadriu Fortesa , Claes Laurence , Witteman Cilia , Norré Jan , Vrieze Elske , Krans Julie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the characteristics and content of intrusive images in patients with different subtypes of eating disorders (EDs). Data were collected from 74 ED patients, 22 dieting, and 29 nondieting controls. Participants completed a set of self‐report questionnaires. Intrusive images of ED patients were significantly more repetitive, detailed, vivid, and distressing than intrusive images of dieting and/or nondieting controls. Most of the intrusive images were the same for the ED subtypes; however, patients with anorexia nervosa were more likely to report an observer vantage perspective than patients with bulimia nervosa, who were more likely to report a field vantage perspective. As expected, intrusive images' content was related to body checking (weight and shape) or negative self (evaluated by themselves or others). Finally, there were significant associations between intrusive images' vividness and weight and shape concerns. These findings indicate that intrusive images may be a core element of EDs and targeting intrusive images in therapy may be helpful.
A Modified a‐Stratified Method for Computerized Adaptive Testing
Authors: Gu Lixiong , Ling Guangming , Qu Yanxuan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResearch has found that the a‐stratified item selection strategy (STR) for computerized adaptive tests (CATs) may lead to insufficient use of high a items at later stages of the tests and thus to reduced measurement precision. A refined approach, unequal item selection across strata (USTR), effectively improves test precision over the STR by allowing more items to be selected from the strata with higher a‐parameter values. However, both approaches ignore the contribution of items' c‐parameters to the information. This study proposes another procedure—maximum information STR (MISTR)—that groups items based on the maximum amount of Fisher information an item can provide. This information is a function of its a‐ and c‐parameters. MISTR can be further modified to select more items from strata with high a‐parameter values (unequal MISTR [UMISTR]). This study evaluated and compared MISTR, UMISTR, STR, and USTR on two aspects of the CAT performance: (a) quality of θ estimation and (b) effectiveness in item pool usage. The results showed that both the MISTR and UMISTR approaches produced more precise ability estimation than the STR approach when the test length was longer and when an item‐exposure‐control procedure was used. The UMISTR produced slightly less precise ability estimation than USTR but led to fewer underused items, indicating a more balanced use of the item pool. These findings suggest that MISTR and UMISTR can be viable alternatives to STR and USTR.
The combined impact of cold smoking and natural antioxidants on quality and shelf life of dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) fillets
Authors: Messina Concetta Maria , Bono Gioacchino , Arena Rosaria , Randazzo Mariano , Morghese Maria , Manuguerra Simona , La Barbera Laura , Ozogul Fatih , Sadok Saloua , Santulli Andrea 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to produce new value‐added products from dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) as fillets when using cold smoking combined with natural antioxidants, obtained from Halocnemum strobilaceum a plant belonging to halophytes. The fillet treatments were controlled (untreated), immersed in standard brine (STD), treated with NaCI and antioxidant before freezing (Aox‐pre) and treated with NaCl and antioxidant after thawing (Aox‐post). The quality of dolphinfish fillets was assessed using sensory, biochemical, microbiological, and technological parameters. Treating fillets with antioxidants before freezing and cold smoking (Aox‐pre) enhanced significantly the shelf life, as well as improved the biochemical, microbiological, and sensory aspects of the product. Aox‐pre fillets had the lowest peroxide values (PV) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, demonstrating that the immediate treatment of fillets with the polyphenols protected lipids from peroxidation. The smoking process, together with antioxidant treatment, significantly reduced microbial counts after 15 days of storage, compared to the control. Overall, combining antioxidant treatments with cold smoking has a positive effect on the quality of Aox‐pre fillets with respect to both sensory components and biochemical parameters associated with shelf life. Consequently, Aox‐pre treatment enhances the marketability of this species, promoting local and seasonal products, contributing to costal fisheries sustainability.
Knockdown of circulating C1 inhibitor induces neurovascular impairment, glial cell activation, neuroinflammation, and behavioral deficits
Authors: Farfara Dorit , Feierman Emily , Richards Allison , Revenko Alexey S. , MacLeod Robert A. , Norris Erin H. , Strickland Sidney 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe cross‐talk between blood proteins, immune cells, and brain function involves complex mechanisms. Plasma protein C1 inhibitor (C1INH) is an inhibitor of vascular inflammation that is induced by activation of the kallikrein‐kinin system (KKS) and the complement system. Knockout of C1INH was previously correlated with peripheral vascular permeability via the bradykinin pathway, yet there was no evidence of its correlation with blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and brain function. In order to understand the effect of plasma C1INH on brain pathology via the vascular system, we knocked down circulating C1INH in wild‐type (WT) mice using an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), without affecting C1INH expression in peripheral immune cells or the brain, and examined brain pathology. Long‐term elimination of endogenous C1INH in the plasma induced the activation of the KKS and peritoneal macrophages but did not activate the complement system. Bradykinin pathway proteins were elevated in the periphery and the brain, resulting in hypotension. BBB permeability, extravasation of plasma proteins into the brain parenchyma, activation of glial cells, and elevation of pro‐inflammatory response mediators were detected. Furthermore, infiltrating innate immune cells were observed entering the brain through the lateral ventricle walls and the neurovascular unit. Mice showed normal locomotion function, yet cognition was impaired and depressive‐like behavior was evident. In conclusion, our results highlight the important role of regulated plasma C1INH as it acts as a gatekeeper to the brain via the neurovascular system. Thus, manipulation of C1INH in neurovascular disorders might be therapeutically beneficial.
Panglial gap junctions between astrocytes and olfactory ensheathing cells mediate transmission of Ca2+ transients and neurovascular coupling
Authors: Beiersdorfer Antonia , Scheller Anja , Kirchhoff Frank , Lohr Christian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAstrocytes are arranged in highly organized gap junction‐coupled networks, communicating via the propagation of Ca2+ waves. Astrocytes are gap junction‐coupled not only to neighboring astrocytes, but also to oligodendrocytes, forming so‐called panglial syncytia. It is not known, however, whether glial cells in panglial syncytia transmit information using Ca2+ signaling. We used confocal Ca2+ imaging to study intercellular communication between astrocytes and olfactory ensheathing glial cells (OECs) in in‐toto preparations of the mouse olfactory bulb. Our results demonstrate that Ca2+ transients in juxtaglomerular astrocytes, evoked by local photolysis of “caged” ATP and “caged” tACPD, led to subsequent Ca2+ responses in OECs. This transmission of Ca2+ responses from astrocytes to OECs persisted in the presence of neuronal inhibition, but was absent when gap junctional coupling was suppressed with carbenoxolone. When Ca2+ transients were directly evoked in OECs by puff application of DHPG, they resulted in delayed Ca2+ responses in juxtaglomerular astrocytes, indicating that panglial transmission of Ca2+ signals occurred in a bidirectional manner. In addition, panglial transmission of Ca2+ signals from astrocytes to OECs resulted in vasoconstriction of OEC‐associated blood vessels in the olfactory nerve layer. Our results demonstrate functional transmission of Ca2+ signals between different classes of glial cells within gap junction‐coupled panglial networks and the resulting regulation of blood vessel diameter in the olfactory bulb.