bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Eating Speed on Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Sarcopenic Obesity in Older Adults: A 16-Year Cohort Study Using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Data
Authors: Lee Sae Rom , Lee Sang Yeoup , Cho Young Hye , Lee Youngin , Choi Jung In , Kwon Ryuk-Jun , Son Soo Min , Lee Jeong Gyu , Yi Yu Hyeon , Tak Young Jin , Lee Seung-Hun , Kim Gyu Lee , Ra Young Jin , Park Eun Ju 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background Sarcopenia and obesity are age-related conditions associated with dietary habits. However, relationship between eating speed and sarcopenia, particularly in older adults >65 years of age remains unclear.
Methods To investigate the effect of eating speed on the occurrence of sarcopenia, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity. We examined eating speed, socioeconomic factors, and disease history of 6,202 patients at baseline and their changes over a 16-year follow-up period.
Results Fast eating speed was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing sarcopenia (normal eating: HR 1.284, 95% CI 1.107-1.490; slow eating: HR 1.583, 95% CI 1.279-1.958). Slower eating was associated with a reduced risk of obesity (normal eating: HR 0.865, 95% CI 0.786-0.952; slow eating: HR 0.680, 95% CI 0.577-0.802). These trends were consistent among participants aged <65 years. Among participants aged ≥65 years, fast eating was associated with a higher incidence of sarcopenia (HR 1.603, 95% CI 1.119-2.298), but no significant relationship existed with obesity (normal eating: HR 0.846, 95% CI 0.623-1.150; slow eating: HR 0.792, 95% CI 0.537-1.168).
Conclusions Slow eating speed decreased obesity incidence but increased sarcopenia incidence in aged <65 years. However, in age ≥65 years, slow eating speed increased sarcopenia incidence, but did not reduce obesity incidence.
Trial registration This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital (approval number: 05-2023-084). Clinical trial number: not applicable.
Generating Cervical Anatomy Labels using a Deep Ensemble Multi-Class Segmentation Model Applied to Transvaginal Ultrasound Images
Authors: Dagle Alicia , Liu Yucheng , Skeel Madeline , Trigo Gabriel G , Crosby David , Feltovich Helen , House Michael , Yan Qi , Myers Kristin M , Jambawalikar Sachin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of perinatal death, affecting 10% of pregnancies. Currently, transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) measurement of cervical length (CL) is the sole quantitative imaging metric for PTB risk, but offers limited predictive value. While 3D computational models of cervical biomechanics show promise as PTB risk predictors, they require precise clinician-provided measurements. AI-enabled ultrasound segmentation offers a solution by automatically extracting anatomical features, thus addressing the labeling bottleneck. This study utilizes an ensemble of deep learning-based multi-class segmentation models trained on diverse TVUS data (N=246) and evaluated on an out-of-distribution dataset (N=29). High agreement (dice score ~0.8) between expert and model labels demonstrates the utility of AI tools in accurately measuring cervical geometry. Ultimately, this can enhance 3D biomechanical models and more sophisticated AI-based models to better predict birth timing, specifically targeting PTB risk.
Categorisation of children’s lower limb pain conditions as chronic primary and secondary musculoskeletal pain: a modified Delphi study
Authors: Smith Mitchell , Pacey Verity , Davies Luke M , Williams Cylie M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background Chronic lower limb pain is common and often disabling for children. Classification of chronic pain changed with the release of the International Classification of Diseases 11 (ICD-11), describing ‘chronic primary musculoskeletal pain’ – as chronic pain in muscles, bones, joints, or tendons associated with emotional distress, functional disability, and not explained by another diagnosis. Existing terminology for paediatric chronic lower limb pain may be better described within the new classification or considered under these broad parent terms. This study aimed to categorise children’s lower limb pain conditions as chronic primary or secondary musculoskeletal pain using expert consensus.Methods An international panel completed a three-round Delphi survey. Participants were presented with 124 conditions resulting in chronic lower limb pain, selecting whether each could be categorised as either chronic primary musculoskeletal pain or chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain. Conditions achieving > 70% agreement reached consensus for categorisation, while conditions achieving 50–69% agreement progressed to the following round for re-rating. Conditions achieving < 50% agreement were excluded.Results There were 21 expert health professionals who categorised four conditions as chronic primary musculoskeletal pain: ‘growing pains’, ‘musculoskeletal pain’, ‘persistent lower limb pain in the presence of restless leg syndrome’ and ‘persistent lower limb pain in the presence of functional neurological disorder’. There were 117 conditions categorised as chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain.Conclusions Conditions categorised as chronic primary musculoskeletal pain share features of persistent lower limb pain without clear underlying pathophysiology, or historically being diagnoses of exclusion. Considering these under the umbrella of ‘chronic primary musculoskeletal pain’ may provide opportunity for developing shared clinical guidance to reduce unnecessary variation in care.Trial registration N/A, this research is not a clinical trial
The impact of abortion values clarification and attitude transformation (VCAT) workshops on Rwandan healthcare providers' stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs about abortion.
Authors: Ntihinyurwa Polyphile , Neil Kara Louise , Mvuyekure Briand , Girma Hana , Negatu Balkachew K. , Rafiki Michel , Mafende Liliane , Umutesi Sharon , Muvunyi Claude Mambo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Unsafe abortions are a major cause of pregnancy-related deaths in Rwanda. Even though abortion is legal under certain situations, many healthcare providers are reluctant to offer these services because of personal beliefs. This often forces women to seek unsafe methods that endanger their health and lives. Our study looked at whether a training workshop could help change healthcare providers’ attitudes toward abortion, making them more understanding and willing to help women who need safe abortion services. We used data from 18 midwives and doctors who provide abortion services in Rwanda. They had participated in a five-day training that included discussions about personal beliefs around abortion and had been trained on safe abortion practices. To understand how their attitudes changed, we looked at data about their beliefs and feelings toward abortion both before and after the training and again six weeks later. The results showed a clear improvement in their attitudes. Before the training, many had strong negative views, but after, they became much more supportive of providing safe abortion care. Nearly all participants said they no longer held negative beliefs about women who need abortions or about providing these services. In conclusion, this study suggests that workshop and training programs that help people clarify their own values and attitudes on abortion can help create a more supportive environment for safe abortion care in Rwanda, ultimately protecting women’s health and reducing deaths due to unsafe abortion.
Synthesis and characterization of Ammonium Hexachlorostannate perovskite and its application as cathode material in Lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Romero-Contreras Alfredo , Serrano-Quezada Thelma , Garcia-Gomez Nora Aleyda , Parra-Arcinega Salome Maribel de la , Sanchez-Cervantes Eduardo Maximiano 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

One of the most interesting topics in energy storage area is the use of organic–inorganic hybrids materials due to the possibility of integrating properties of inorganic and organic molecules such as electrical, optical and conductivity properties. Specifically, the selection of metals such as Tin (Sn) may offer unique chemical structure and properties that could potentially lead to enhance energy storage devices performance such as batteries. In this work, the synthesis of (NH4)2SnCl6 as cathode material for Li-ion batteries was carried out following a simple chemical precipitation method. The material was characterized by X-ray diffraction to analyze the crystallographic structure and SEM to analyze the morphology of the active compound also, IR spectrum was recorded. The inorganic-organic material was tested in a CR2032 coin cell configuration and its electrochemical properties were measured. Cyclic voltammetry was used to analyze the oxidation-reduction phenomena, several features were observed within a voltage range from 0.01 to 2V Discharge/charge process were investigated. The obtained discharge capacity was close to 160 mAhg− 1 at 20 mAg− 1.
Fault Location Detection in Active Distribution Networks Using Optimal PMU-based State Estimation
Authors: Killi Venkateswrarao , Pitchaimuthu Raja , Selvan M P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Fault location in distribution networks is a challenging task, especially after the incorporation of renewable energy sources. Traditional fault location methods rely on the direction of power flow, which is not always clear in active distribution systems (ADSs). This can make it difficult to identify the location of a fault, which can lead to power outages and inconvenience consumers for several hours. This paper proposes a new approach to find the accurate fault location via distribution system state estimation (DSSE). The proposed method uses optimally placed phasor measurement units (PMUs) to determine the system states. The voltage magnitude change (∆V) at each bus is calculated based on the estimated system states. Faulty locations are detected by comparing ∆V at each bus with its designated change in voltage threshold(∆Vthreshold). The precise fault location is detected between the buses with the highest and second-highest ∆V values. This approach was tested and validated on the IEEE 33-bus active distribution network using 11 optimally positioned PMUs in MATLAB Simulink. Results demonstrate that this method can accurately locate faults even before fuse activation.
Evaluation of clinical and radiological features of patients diagnosed with hypersensitivity pneumonia
Authors: AKKURT ESMA SEVIL , OZYUREK BERNA AKINCI , ENSARIOGLU KEREM , OZDEMIREL TUGCE SAHIN , BIRBEN OZLEM DUVENCI , ERTURK HAKAN , DOLMUS TUNAHAN 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an inflammatory fibrotic disease that affects the lung parenchyma and small airways.
Aims
Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological features of patients with an HP diagnosis in follow-up.
Study Design:
A retrospective cross-sectional study.
Methods
Our study included 100 patients diagnosed with HP who were diagnosed and managed in our clinic between 2020 and 2024. Clinical data, comorbidities, pulmonary function test-carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (PFT-DLCO) parameters, six-minute walk test results, high-resolution lung computed tomography (HRCT) patterns, prognosis, and mortality data were retrospectively documented.
Results
In our study, the male–female ratio was equal (50–50). The mean age was 63 (± 14). The majority of the patients were active smokers. While 65% of the patients were exposed to an organic or inorganic agent, 86.4% of all known exposures were caused by exposure to birds and bird products. A total of 29 patients (29%) were diagnosed by surgical sampling. The most common HRCT findings were reticulation (87%), ground-glass opacities (84.7%), and centrilobular nodules (75%). Fibrosis findings were seen in 40% of the patients. Glucocorticoids were the main treatment (77%), and 20 (20%) patients also required antifibrotic treatment. When correlation analyses were performed, the neutrophil count showed a negative correlation with the presence of a mosaic pattern, while a positive correlation was found with the presence of honeycombing. The basophil count had a positive correlation with exposure to birds and bird products.
Conclusion
There are no guidelines or consensus published in Turkiye regarding the diagnosis and treatment of HP. In our study, the positive correlation between the neutrophil count of the patients and the development of fibrosis in HRCT suggested that neutrophilia may also be a poor prognostic factor. The positive correlation between exposure to birds and bird products and basophilia was a striking finding.
Integrated analysis of differential expression profile of miRNA in the uterus of seasonal estrus sheep
Authors: Yang Fan , Liu Jiannan , La Yongfu , Di Ran , He Xiaoyun , Wang Pingqing , Liu Yufang , Chu Mingxing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Photoperiod is one of the important factors affecting seasonal estrus of sheep. The importance of the uterus to reproduction is self-evident. However, the uterine molecular mechanisms involved in photoperiodic regulation of seasonal estrus events in sheep remain poorly understood. In recent years, the role of uterine microRNA (miRNA) in mammalian reproduction has been continuously revealed, and it is necessary to analyze and discuss their participation in the seasonal estrus of sheep.
Results
We compared the miRNA expression profile in uterine tissues of Sunit sheep at three different photoperiods, short photoperiod (SP), short transfer to long photoperiod (SLP), and long photoperiod (LP). The results showed that 31, 29 and 21 differentially expressed miRNA (DEM) were identified between SP and LP, SP and SLP, LP and SLP, respectively. Subsequently, we constructed co-expression networks of DEM and target genes in different periods. Among all DEM, nove_320, nove_338 and nove_339 target the most mRNA. Functional annotation analysis showed that these DEM target genes can be enriched in multiple GO and KEGG signaling pathways, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, reproductive process and biological adhesion, which are related to animal reproduction and uterine receptivity. Finally, the expression level of DEM was verified by RT-qPCR, and the binding regulation relationship between DEM and their target genes in the co-expression network was confirmed by double luciferase reporter gene experiment.
Conclusions
This study revealed the changes of miRNA expression in sheep uterus under different photoperiod, providing valuable resources for understanding the molecular mechanism of sheep seasonal estrus.
Using A Multi-Criteria Method for the Recruitment and Deployment of Health Human Resources to Strengthen the Health System in Central African Republic
Authors: Cheuyem Fabrice Zobel Lekeumo , Zombré David , Banthas-Bata Ghislain Géraud , Lalani Anum , Yaman Atilla , Romano Sostena , Mbanga Clarence , Andinwoh Ngassa B. , Mokom Sandra Bei , Saidu Yauba 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Effective human resources for health (HRH) planning is essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3, particularly in a country like the Central African Republic (CAR) where significant HRH shortages hinder health system performance. This article discusses the use of a multi-criteria approach to objectively recruit and deploy HRH in the CAR.
Methods
This was a documentary analysis conducted between October 2023 – January 2024, with a multi-criteria approach used to inform HRH recruitment and deployment. First, HRH distribution by professional category was assessed at facility level, with results aggregated to determine distribution at health district (HD) level. Next, key indicators influencing HRH need were analyzed by HD, with weights assigned proportionally to the indicator value in each HD. Priority scores were then computed, with a score of 01 assigned to the HD with the highest indicator value, and other HDs scored relative to it. A gap analysis comparing available HRH to national standards was then performed, with the difference (gap score) indicating the number of vacancies per HRH category. Finally, a need index was calculated from the product of the gap and priority scores, and the HRH allocation ratio per HD derived by dividing its need index by the total need index across all HDs.
Results
Health Region 6 (HR6) had the highest need index while HR7 had the lowest. The highest indices were observed in the Bamingui-Bangoran HD for physicians (2.56), state-registered nurses (8.68) and health assistants (7.85); the Kouango-Grimari HD for midwives (3.86); the Bangassou HD for birth attendants (1.0), and the Haut-Mbomou HD for senior laboratory technicians (0.5). Overall, 130 local and 10 international HRH were recruited and deployed to 35HDs across 05 HRs, with HR6 (47/130), HR3 (33/130) and HR2 (22/130) receiving the majority. At HD level, the Bangassou HD received the most HRH (13/130).
Conclusions
The use of a multi-criteria approach to inform HRH recruitment and deployment in the CAR proved to be an objective method to addressing the country’s HRH challenges. This underscores the need for targeted recruitment and deployment to meet HRH needs and ensure equitable distribution across the country.
Evaluation of hydrogen adsorption on Zn-Ni alloy coating by electrochemical desorption technique and its permeability on AISI 1020 steel
Authors: Torres By J. R. Jovelino , Lira G. Carvalho , Vilar E. O. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of Ni composition in a Zn-Ni coating on the retention of hydrogen and the reduction of its permeability in a low-carbon alloy steel. The methodology used in this study has been modified and adapted from the electrochemical desorption methodology proposed by Zakroczymski [19]. In addition to the advantages of this method mentioned by this author, the present work uses this technique to evaluate the influence of the barrier formed by the Zn-Ni coating on the permeability of hydrogen in the base metal, thereby mitigating its deleterious effects. For the different Ni compositions that are obtained in the Zn-Ni coating, the results of the SEM and EDS analyses indicated that higher nickel concentrations were conducive to grain refinement, resulting in more uniform and compact deposits. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis yielded diffractograms displaying well-defined peaks, indicative of a γ-phase cubic crystalline structure. Nevertheless, while there has been a favourable improvement in the anti-corrosion parameters associated with the increased Ni composition in the coating, it remains imperative to assess the degree of hydrogen content retained throughout the electrodeposition process. It is well known that the nickel content of the coating is a factor in the amount of hydrogen adsorbed during the electroplating process. This, in turn, has the potential to influence the permeation of the coating into the base metal as a result of the synergistic effect of the coating composition. The intensity of the hydrogen adsorption energy is thus dependent upon the aforementioned factors. It is essential to exercise caution with similar base metals that require anti-corrosion protection to prevent them becoming brittle due to hydrogen. In accordance with the findings a reduction in permeation was observed for an intermediate composition of 17.27 wt.% Ni. It was suspected that the interaction between the two elements of the coating may result in a modification of the ratio of reversible and irreversible hydrogen trap sites, which could directly influence the permeation of hydrogen into the base metal.
Establishing Rapid Assessment of Control Benefits in Bridge Installation Using Multiple Neutral Equilibrium Mechanisms as Virtual Piers
Authors: Sung Wen-Pei , Shih Ming-Hsiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the control effectiveness of vertical displacement of a bridge under control of multiple neutral equilibrium mechanisms, NEMs. The methodology of this research involves conducting dynamic experiments with various combinations of control gain coefficients, followed by statistical analysis. Different PID control coefficient combinations were utilized in multiple dynamic experiments. A simplified model for analyzing the precision and stability of vertical displacement of a bridge was proposed and compared with traditional statistical analysis methods, including t-test, and F-test, to assess control accuracy and effectiveness. The test and analysis results indicate that bridge under NEMs control exhibit excellent control effectiveness. However, traditional statistical analysis methods fail to identify unfavorable ratios. This proposed analysis method reveals that, when controlling vertical displacement of a bridge within the requirement of ±one two-thousandth of the bridge length: (1) In the GP = 0.5, GD = 0.0, GI = 0.02 combination, the displacement control for positions A1 and B1 falls short by approximately 21.38% and 24.81%, respectively. (2) In the GP = 1.0, GD = 0.0, GI = 0.02 combination, the displacement control for positions A2 and B2 is deficient by only about 0.53% and 2.07%, respectively. (3) In the GP = 2.0, GD = 0.0, GI = 0.02 combination, the displacement control for positions A3 and B3 meets the requirements, demonstrating superior performance in terms of control precision and stability. These proposed indicators offer a straightforward method for assessing control accuracy and stability, providing practical insights for optimizing subsequent control systems.
Dual Approach to Type 2 diabetes Mellitus Risk Assessment in Women: Machine Learning Predictions and Fractional-Order Modeling of Physiological Dynamics
Authors: Amilo David , Sadri khadijeh , Hincal Evren 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study examines diabetes risk in women through predictive machine learning models and fractional- order physiological modeling. Machine learning models, including Bagged Trees, k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), Decision Trees, SVM (Support Vector Machine), and Logistic Regression, were applied to assess accuracy in diabetes prediction. Bagged Trees achieved the highest performance, with over 99% accuracy across metrics, and a user-friendly GUI-enabled real-time risk assessment. The GUI interface designed for these models provided users with accessible, dynamic feedback, enhancing usability for real-time assessment. Analysis revealed notable correlations, including age with pregnancies (0.54) and BMI with skin thickness (0.39), suggesting key factors in diabetes risk. Findings show that Glucose, BMI, Blood Pressure, and Diabetes Pedigree Function emerge as the top influential features, across all models. Using fractional-order modeling, we simulated glucose, insulin, BMI, and blood pressure changes over time, showing that higher fractional orders aligned with increased response dynamics. Together, these methods offer a comprehensive view of diabetes risk factors in women. By combining machine learning’s predictive power with the detailed, time-sensitive insights of fractional-order modeling, this study highlights key risk indicators and deepens our understanding of diabetes dynamics, ultimately supporting more effective risk assessment and management strategies. This dual approach provides an enriched perspective on diabetes risk factors and offers improved strategies for prediction and management.