bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advertising individual identity by mother and adolescent contact calls in Siberian wapiti Cervus elaphus sibiricus
Authors: Sibiryakova Olga V. , Volodin Ilya A. , Volodina Elena V. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIndividualistic contact calls facilitate mother‐offspring reunion after separation. However, in many mammals, both the acoustic structure and individuality of contact calls differ between mother and young. In contrast, in Siberian wapiti Cervus elaphus sibiricus, contact calls are similar in the acoustics between mother and young, whereas effects of this similarity on vocal individuality were not investigated. In this study, we analyzed acoustic differences between closed‐mouth (nasal) and open‐mouth (oral) contact calls and examined individuality of the most usual oral calls of 19 Siberian wapiti (9 hinds and 10 5–6‐month adolescents) emitted in response to mother‐offspring separation. In the oral calls, the values of frequency and power variables were higher than in the nasal calls. Calls of hinds and adolescents did not differ by the maximum fundamental frequency and duration, whereas the peak frequency was higher in the young. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) based on 11 acoustic variables of oral calls accurately classified to individual 92.5% of hind calls and 96.9% of adolescent calls (chi‐square test for differences between hinds and adolescents, p = 0.19). Variables mainly contributing to vocal identity (duration, start, and maximum fundamental frequency) were the same in calls of mothers and adolescents. We conclude that similarities in the acoustics calls of mothers and adolescents mean that they do not differ in their potential for encoding individual identity, suggesting a mutual process of mother‐offspring vocal recognition in Siberian wapiti.
Employee treatment and its implications for bondholders
Authors: Chen Tsung‐Kang , Chen Yan‐Shing , Yang Hsiao‐Lin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe examine the various channels through which the quality of a firm's employee relations can affect the welfare of bondholders. Our evidence suggests that better employee treatment benefits bondholders and leads to a lower bond spread by enhancing a firm's productivity, and by reducing the likelihood of product failures, labor strife, and employee turnover. However, a higher level of satisfaction is costlier for bondholders in firms facing more severe financial constraints or agency problems.
How is a closer union conceivable under conditions of ever more socio‐economic and political diversity? Constitutionalising Europe's unitas in pluralitate
Authors: Joerges Christian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUnder the impact of the financial crisis, socio‐economic divergence, even among the members of the Eurozone, deepened dramatically. European crisis politics therefore sought to impose convergence through budgetary prescriptions and austerity measures. This essay raises not only normative objections; it submits that these efforts are bound to generate serious resistance. The follow‐up query is whether Europe would be better advised to replace its one‐size‐fits‐all mantra by policies tolerating diversity and fostering cooperative problem‐solving. To what degree such a return to the ‘united in diversity’ motto of the Constitutional Treaty of 2014 would be economically beneficial is unpredictable. It seems highly likely, however, that it could help to overcome the increasing aversion against the European integration project.
Impacts of anthropogenic and natural “extreme events” on global fisheries
Authors: Belhabib Dyhia , Dridi Raouf , Padilla Allan , Ang Melanie , Le Billon Philippe 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA broad range of extreme events can affect fisheries catch and hence performance. Using a compiled database of extreme events for all maritime countries in the world between 1950 to 2010, we estimate effects on national fisheries catches, by sector, large‐scale industrial and small scale (artisanal, subsistence and recreational). Contrary to general expectations, fisheries catches respond positively to nearly all forms of extreme events, suggesting a valuable coping or compensation mechanism for coastal communities as they increase their catch after extreme events, but also an opportunistic behaviour by foreign industrial fishing fleets, as industrial catches increase. These effects vary according to country characteristics, with lower coping capacity for coastal communities and higher opportunistic fishing by foreign fleets in countries with poor governance, higher unemployment and direct exposure to prolonged armed conflicts. We also observe an accumulative effect resulting from the aggregation of multiple disasters that deserves further consideration for disaster mitigation. These findings may assist with managing fisheries towards increasing resilience and adaptive capacity such as early detection of potential impacts, protecting livelihoods and food sources, preventing illegal fishing by industrial fleets and informing aid responses towards recovery.
Chinese cropping systems are a net source of greenhouse gases despite soil carbon sequestration
Authors: Gao Bing , Huang Tao , Ju Xiaotang , Gu Baojing , Huang Wei , Xu Lilai , Rees Robert M. , Powlson David S. , Smith Pete , Cui Shenghui 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSoil carbon sequestration is being considered as a potential pathway to mitigate climate change. Cropland soils could provide a sink for carbon that can be modified by farming practices; however, they can also act as a source of greenhouse gases (GHG), including not only nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), but also the upstream carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions associated with agronomic management. These latter emissions are also sometimes termed “hidden” or “embedded” CO2. In this paper, we estimated the net GHG balance for Chinese cropping systems by considering the balance of soil carbon sequestration, N2O and CH4 emissions, and the upstream CO2 emissions of agronomic management from a life cycle perspective during 2000–2017. Results showed that although soil organic carbon (SOC) increased by 23.2 ± 8.6 Tg C per year, the soil N2O and CH4 emissions plus upstream CO2 emissions arising from agronomic management added 269.5 ± 21.1 Tg C‐eq per year to the atmosphere. These findings demonstrate that Chinese cropping systems are a net source of GHG emissions and that total GHG emissions are about 12 times larger than carbon uptake by soil sequestration. There were large variations between different cropping systems in the net GHG balance ranging from 328 to 7,567 kg C‐eq ha−1 year−1, but all systems act as a net GHG source to the atmosphere. The main sources of total GHG emissions are nitrogen fertilization (emissions during production and application), power use for irrigation, and soil N2O and CH4 emissions. Optimizing agronomic management practices, especially fertilization, irrigation, plastic mulching, and crop residues to reduce total GHG emissions from the whole chain is urgently required in order to develop a low‐carbon future for Chinese crop production.
Matrix Effects During SIMS Measurement of the Lithium Mass Fractions of Silicate Glasses: Correction Procedures and Updated Preferred Values of Reference Materials
Authors: De Hoog Jan C. M. ,   EIMF
Published: August 2018

This study demonstrates that significant matrix‐dependent bias occurs during the measurement of Li mass fractions by SIMS in silicate glasses. This bias is particularly evident for basaltic and ultramafic samples, where published SIMS data of reference materials show discrepancies up to 40% compared with other measurement techniques. Matrix effects can be successfully corrected by taking into account the SiO2 content of the analysed material. New matrix‐corrected SIMS data for a suite of silicate glass reference materials are presented (glasses from MPI‐DING, USGS, Smithsonian and NIST, with a range of 46–76 g per 100 g SiO2), which are on average within 4% of preferred values (PV) as published in the GeoReM database. As several PV for Li in GeoReM are biased by the inclusion of inaccurate SIMS data, updated reference values are proposed that include the new SIMS dataset presented here.
Migraine and cerebrovascular diseases: Epidemiology, pathophysiological, and clinical considerations
Authors: Magalhães João Eudes , Sampaio Rocha‐Filho Pedro Augusto 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMigraine and cerebrovascular diseases are disabling disorders, which are possibly closely interrelated. Heterogeneous and scattered evidence in literature remains a challenge. We searched for systematic reviews including diverse cerebrovascular events in migraineurs and reported relevant original studies to update the evidence when necessary. The studies show that migraine is associated with increased risk of transient ischemic attacks, any stroke, and possibly hemorrhagic stroke. In addition, migraine with aura increases the risk of ischemic stroke and white matter abnormalities. Migraine without aura increases the risk of cervical artery dissection as a cause of ischemic stroke. Groups with specific risk profiles are women, young people, smokers, and oral contraceptive users. The pathophysiology of the association remains uncertain. However, genetic and environmental factors may be involved in intricate mechanisms responsible for oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction and, ultimately, vascular events. In conclusion, migraine is a potential risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases. Migraineurs should be carefully evaluated considering their vascular risk assessment based on current evidence, so that healthcare professionals can provide appropriate and individualized management of other cardiovascular risk factors, notably quitting smoking and restricting use of oral contraceptives.
Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma and EGFR mutations: a molecular footprint of a benign lesion
Authors: Sasaki Eiichi , Nishikawa Daisuke , Hanai Nobuhiro , Hasegawa Yasuhisa , Yatabe Yasushi 
Published: August 2018

AimsMolecular targeted therapy against EGFR kinase domain mutations has been successfully established for lung cancer. These mutations have now also been reported in head and neck tumours, particularly in inverted sinonasal papillomas (ISPs). The aim of this study was to clarify the spectrum of EGFR mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and papillomas.Methods and resultsWe examined EGFR mutations in 288 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and 58 head and neck papillomas or polyps. EGFR mutations were detected in 24 (30%) of 80 sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas (SNSCCs) and in 19 (90%) of 21 ISPs. Notably, 15 (88%) of 17 SNSCCs that developed along with ISPs harboured EGFR mutations in both components, whereas EGFR mutations were detected in nine (14%) of 63 SNSCCs without any papilloma component. Analysis to detect other known driver oncogene mutations – KRAS, BRAF and HER2 – was also performed; none of these mutations was detected in SNSCCs. The other 208 non‐sinonasal carcinomas and 37 non‐ISP head and neck papillomas or polyps did not harbour EGFR mutations.ConclusionsTaken together with the specific involvement of EGFR mutations in ISP, a molecular benign lesion trail suggests that 26 (33%) of 80 SNSCCs developed in association with an ISP. SNSCCs with EGFR mutations may be biologically distinct among head and neck cancers.
Virtual Algebra Tiles: A pedagogical tool to teach and learn algebra through geometry
Authors: Garzón Juan , Bautista Julián 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLearning and teaching algebra concepts are frequent problems for both students and teachers alike. Students struggle to learn algebra, and teachers struggle to identify the best way to teach algebra. It is recurrent that teachers use instructional methods that promote memorization, and, consequently, the learning process may prove unsatisfactory. This paper introduces Virtual Algebra Tiles, an open educational resource whose purpose is to enable students to use algebra tiles from a computer to enhance their knowledge of algebra concepts. To evaluate the effectiveness of the system, we designed a case study. The participants were 40 students of engineering degrees who were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups. Results indicate that the system has a large effect size (ES = 0.83, p < 0.001) on learning effectiveness and a promising long‐term knowledge retention (ES = 0.79, p < 0.001). Students concluded that this version of algebra tiles is more motivating than other versions, because it is presented in a format that stands natural to them. Students feel more comfortable in virtual environments, and therefore, the learning process becomes a more pleasant task.
Mines over matter: Effects of foliar particulate matter on the herbivorous insect, Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Vanderstock Amelie M. , Latty Tanya , Leonard Ryan J. , Hochuli Dieter F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCoalmines, which are major contributors of particulate matter in the form of coal dust, are expanding globally into rural environments. However, ecological effects on organisms interacting with coal‐dusted foliage in mining landscapes are unknown. We tested how the behaviour, development and survival of a polyphageous insect herbivore, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is affected by consuming tomato leaves Lycopersicon esculentum laden with coal dust. We tested (a) feeding site establishment preference of neonates, (b) feeding behaviour and leaf consumption of late‐instar larvae, (c) survival of neonates and (d) survival and development of late‐instar larvae. We found that coal dust consumption increased the mortality of late‐instar larvae but did not influence their development. Despite long‐term implications for survival, late‐instar larvae did not adjust their feeding behaviour or the amount of leaf material consumed in response to foliar coal dust. Contrastingly, when neonate H. armigera were given a choice, they avoided establishing themselves on the coal‐dusted adaxial surface of leaves. Neonate mortality was 99% within 7 days, with no effect of coal dust. Our study provides the first data on the impact of coal dust on an insect herbivore. This has implications for ecological interactions in landscapes adjoining coalmines.
Comparative performance of growth, vertebral structure and muscle composition in diploid and triploid Paralichthys olivaceus
Authors: Liu Hui , Wu Zhihao , Zhu Xiangping , Song Zongcheng , Hu Jinwei , Wang Lijuan , Li Jun , You Feng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGrowth, skeletal structure and muscle composition of cold‐shock‐induced triploid olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated. The average values of total length and total weight of triploids were higher than those of diploids from 5 to 11 months posthatch (mph). The growth difference disappeared after 11 mph. The skeletal structure of flounder at 11 mph was observed by X‐ray imaging method. There are four kinds of vertebral deformity including vertebrae fusion, one‐sided compression, two‐sided compression and vertically shifted. The trunk region (V8–18) and tailing end of the vertebral column were the predominant locations of deformity. In general, the frequencies of vertebral deformities in triploids (60.0%) were higher than those in diploids (33.3%, p < 0.05). Both the number of fish with deformed vertebrae and the average frequencies of deformed vertebrae in triploids were significantly higher than those in diploids (p < 0.05). The muscle tissues of diploid and triploid flounder at 11 mph contain the same types of fatty acid and free amino acid profiles. The number of fatty acids with significant higher contents in diploids and triploids was one and ten, respectively (p < 0.05). The contents of free amino acids showed no difference between triploid and diploid fish.
Quantitative analysis of the dose–response of white spot syndrome virus in shrimp
Authors: Ngo Thuy T. N. , Senior Alistair M. , Culina Antica , Santos Eduardo S. A. , Vlak Just M. , Zwart Mark P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhite spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is an important cause of mortality and economic losses in shrimp farming. Although WSSV‐induced mortality is virus dose dependent and WSSV infection does not necessarily lead to mortality, the relationships between virus‐particle dose, infection and mortality have not been analysed quantitatively. Here, we explored WSSV dose–response by a combination of experiments, modelling and meta‐analysis. We performed dose–response experiments in Penaeus vannamei postlarvae, recorded host mortality and detected WSSV infection. When we fitted infection models to these data, two models—differing in whether they incorporated heterogeneous host susceptibility to the virus or not—were supported for two independent experiments. To determine the generality of these results, we reanalysed published data sets and then performed a meta‐analysis. We found that WSSV dose–response kinetics is indeed variable over experiments. We could not clearly identify which specific infection model has the most support by meta‐analysis, but we argue that these results also are most concordant with a model incorporating varying levels of heterogeneous host susceptibility to WSSV. We have identified suitable models for analysing WSSV dose–response, which can elucidate the most basic virus–host interactions and help to avoid underestimating WSSV infection at low virus doses.
C‐reactive protein/albumin ratio is a poor prognostic factor of esophagogastric junction and upper gastric cancer
Authors: Kudou Kensuke , Saeki Hiroshi , Nakashima Yuichiro , Kamori Tomohiro , Kawazoe Tetsuro , Haruta Yasuhiro , Fujimoto Yoshiaki , Matsuoka Hiroya , Sasaki Shun , Jogo Tomoko , Hirose Kosuke , Hu Qingjiang , Tsuda Yasuo , Kimura Koichi , Ando Koji , Oki Eiji , Ikeda Tetsuo , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground and AimThe C‐reactive protein (CRP)/albumin (Alb) ratio has been reported as a novel prognostic marker in several cancers. The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the CRP/Alb ratio in patients who underwent surgery for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) and upper gastric cancer (UGC).MethodsData for 144 patients who underwent surgery for AEG and UGC were reviewed. The CRP/Alb ratio, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, platelet–lymphocyte ratio, Glasgow Prognostic Score, and controlling nutritional status score were calculated, and the relationship between these biomarkers and postoperative prognosis was analyzed.ResultsThe optimal cutoff value of the CRP/Alb ratio was determined to be 0.1. According to the cutoff value of CRP/Alb ratio, patients were divided into two groups (CRP/Alb < 0.1, n = 124; CRP/Alb ≥ 0.1, n = 20). The 5‐year recurrence‐free survival and overall survival (OS) rates were significantly lower in the patients with the CRP/Alb ratio ≥ 0.1 than in those with the CRP/Alb ratio < 0.1 (recurrence‐free survival: 44.9% vs 77.9%, P = 0.0011; OS: 43.4% vs 82.0%, P < 0.0001). In the multivariate analyses, the N‐stage, and CRP/Alb ratio ≥ 0.1 were identified as independent predictive factors for OS in patients with AEG and UGC (P = 0.0061 and P = 0.0439, respectively).ConclusionsThe CRP/Alb ratio was strongly associated with poor prognosis in patients who underwent surgery for AEG and UGC.
Relationship between reproductive medicine for women with severe complications and maternal death in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Hiroaki , Katsuragi Shinji , Hasegawa Junichi , Osato Kazuhiro , Nakata Masahiko , Murakoshi Takeshi , Sekizawa Akihiko , Kanayama Naohiro , Ishiwata Isamu , Ikeda Tomoaki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate the influence of reproductive medicine in maternal death cases in Japan.MethodsThis retrospective study investigated the incidence of maternal deaths related to reproductive medicine in Japan from 2013 to 2015, and the relationship between fertility treatment and maternal death.ResultsFifteen out of 134 women (11.2%) involved in this study who underwent treatment for infertility died. Four experienced pregnancy with severe maternal complications (26.6%). The complications were active systemic lupus erythematosus, exacerbated depression, uncontrolled arrhythmia and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. At least three of these four died due to these complications.ConclusionThe maternal death rate of women who have undergone fertility treatment is similar to the birth rate due to assisted reproductive technology in Japan. Some maternal death cases involve severe uncontrolled complications. Therefore, medical histories should be evaluated before fertility treatment.
Biochemical and physiological characterization of a halotolerant Dunaliella salina isolated from hypersaline Sambhar Lake, India
Authors: Singh Prabhakar , Khadim Riyazat , Singh Ankit K. , Singh Urmilesh , Maurya Priyanka , Tiwari Anupam , Asthana Ravi K. 
Published: August 2018

The objective of the present study was to characterize intrinsic physiological and biochemical properties of the wall‐less unicellular cholorophyte Dunaliella salina isolated from a hypersaline Sambhar Lake. The strain grew optimally at 0.5 M NaCl and 16:8 h L:D photoperiod along with maintaining low level of intracellular Na+ even at higher salinity, emphasizing special features of its cell membranes. It was observed that the cells experienced stress beyond 2 M NaCl as evidenced by increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and antioxidative enzymes, nevertheless proline and malondialdehyde content declined sharply accompanied by higher neutral lipid accumulation. Salinity exceeding 2 M resulted decrease in photosynthetic quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and enhanced glycerol synthesis accompanied by leakage. Super oxide dismutase seemed to play a pivotal role in antioxidative defense as eight isoforms were expressed differentially while catalase and glutathione peroxidase showing no significant change in their expression at higher salinity. The ability of D. salina to grow in range of salinities by sustaining healthy photosynthetic apparatus along with accumulation of valuable products made this alga an ideal organism that can be exploited as resource for biofuel and commercial products.