bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recevoir, c’est donner
Authors: Godbout Jacques T. 
Published: June 2019

L’hospitalité se situe à la frontière entre l’appartenance et l’altérité. « Faites comme chez vous », dit la formule consacrée, mais n’allez surtout pas oublier que vous n’êtes pas chez vous ! C’est lorsque l’immigrant se sent vraiment français que, paradoxalement, il voudra afficher le plus ses différences et qu’il considérera normal de le faire. Cette tension, souvent amplifiée dans le cas de figure de l’immigration, a besoin du don pour se résoudre. L’hospitalité est un lien social. Peut-on se passer du don dans les liens sociaux ?
Sweet hydrothorax: a common presentation of a rare condition
Authors: Mohamad Alahmad Mohamad Alhoda , Kasmani Rahil 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSweet hydrothorax is a known, yet rare, complication of peritoneal dialysis. It can be life-threatening. This case is about a 70-year-old lady who presented with acute respiratory failure due to massive right-sided hydrothorax that developed insidiously over 3 months of starting peritoneal dialysis. Thoracentesis and technetium scan confirmed the diagnosis. Treatment was successful with hemodialysis.Key messages– Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) can be complicated by sweet hydrothorax.– Symptoms onset after initiation of PD and symptoms resolve with its discontinuation suggest the diagnosis.– High gradient glucose level between pleural fluid and plasma is a hallmark feature of sweet
hydrothorax.– Patients with life-threatening symptoms can consider hemodialysis or surgical options.
Focal seizure as a manifestation of serotonin syndrome: case report
Authors: Almallouhi Eyad , Rahwan Mohamad , Dainton Helen , Bonilha Leonardo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSerotonin syndrome is a life-threatening condition. Seizure is one of the complications of serotonin syndrome that may delay diagnosis and complicate management. We report a patient who had a focal seizure with abnormal electroencephalogram in the setting of serotonin syndrome with no prior history of epilepsy or seizure-provoking factors (fever, electrolyte abnormalities, specific medication combinations, and specific medication overdosing). Recognition of seizure as a symptom of serotonin syndrome is important for early treatment and avoidance of long-term consequences. Treatment of serotonin syndrome is mostly supportive. However, a short course of antiepileptics may be needed if these patients develop seizures.
Strengths and challenges for transient Mid- to Late Holocene simulations with dynamical vegetation
Authors: Braconnot Pascale , Zhu Dan , Marti Olivier , Servonnat Jérôme 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. We present the first simulation of the last 6000 years
with a version of the IPSL Earth system model that includes interactive
dynamical vegetation and carbon cycle. It is discussed in the light of a set
of Mid-Holocene and preindustrial simulations performed to set up the model
version and to initialize the dynamical vegetation. These sensitivity
experiments remind us that model quality or realism is not only a function
of model parameterizations and tunings but also of experimental setup. The
transient simulations shows that the long-term trends in temperature and
precipitation have a similar shape to the insolation forcing, except at the
Equator, at high latitudes, and south of 40∘ S. In these regions
cloud cover, sea ice, snow, or ocean heat content feedbacks lead to smaller
or opposite temperature responses. The long-term trend in tree line in the Northern Hemisphere is reproduced and starts earlier than the southward
shift in vegetation over the Sahel. Despite little change in forest cover over
Eurasia, a long-term change in forest composition is simulated, including
large centennial variability. The rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 in
the last centuries of the simulation enhances tree growth and
counteracts the long-term trends induced by Holocene insolation in the
Northern Hemisphere and amplifies it in the Southern Hemisphere. We also
highlight some limits in the evaluation of such a simulation resulting from
model climate–vegetation biases, the difficulty of fully assessing the result
for preindustrial or modern conditions that are affected by land use, and
the possibility of multi-vegetation states under modern conditions.
3-D crustal density model of the Sea of Marmara
Authors: Gholamrezaie Ershad , Scheck-Wenderoth Magdalena , Bott Judith , Heidbach Oliver , Strecker Manfred R. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The Sea of Marmara, in northwestern Turkey, is a transition zone where the
dextral North Anatolian Fault zone (NAFZ) propagates westward from the
Anatolian Plate to the Aegean Sea Plate. The area is of interest in the context
of seismic hazard of Istanbul, a metropolitan area with about 15 million
inhabitants. Geophysical observations indicate that the crust is
heterogeneous beneath the Marmara basin, but a detailed characterization of
the crustal heterogeneities is still missing. To assess if and how crustal heterogeneities are related to the NAFZ segmentation below the Sea of Marmara,
we develop new crustal-scale 3-D density models which integrate geological
and seismological data and that are additionally constrained by 3-D gravity
modeling. For the latter, we use two different gravity datasets including
global satellite data and local marine gravity observation. Considering the
two different datasets and the general non-uniqueness in potential field
modeling, we suggest three possible “end-member” solutions that are all
consistent with the observed gravity field and illustrate the spectrum of
possible solutions. These models indicate that the observed gravitational
anomalies originate from significant density heterogeneities within the
crust. Two layers of sediments, one syn-kinematic and one pre-kinematic with
respect to the Sea of Marmara formation are underlain by a heterogeneous
crystalline crust. A felsic upper crystalline crust (average density of 2720 kg m−3) and an intermediate to mafic lower crystalline crust (average
density of 2890 kg m−3) appear to be cross-cut by two large, dome-shaped
mafic high-density bodies (density of 2890 to 3150 kg m−3) of
considerable thickness above a rather uniform lithospheric mantle (3300 kg m−3). The spatial correlation between two major bends of the main Marmara fault and the location of the high-density bodies suggests that the
distribution of lithological heterogeneities within the crust controls the
rheological behavior along the NAFZ and, consequently, maybe influences
fault segmentation and thus the seismic hazard assessment in the
region.
Scaling of instability timescales of Antarctic outlet glaciers based on one-dimensional similitude analysis
Authors: Levermann Anders , Feldmann Johannes 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Recent observations and ice-dynamic modeling suggest that a marine
ice-sheet instability (MISI) might have been triggered in West
Antarctica. The corresponding outlet glaciers, Pine Island Glacier
(PIG) and Thwaites Glacier (TG), showed significant retreat during
at least the last 2 decades. While other regions in Antarctica
have the topographic predisposition for the same kind of
instability, it is so far unclear how fast these instabilities would
unfold if they were initiated. Here we employ the concept of
similitude to estimate the characteristic timescales of several
potentially MISI-prone outlet glaciers around the Antarctic
coast. Our results suggest that TG and PIG have the fastest response
time of all investigated outlets, with TG responding about 1.25 to 2
times as fast as PIG, while other outlets around Antarctica would be
up to 10 times slower if destabilized. These results have to be
viewed in light of the strong assumptions made in their
derivation. These include the absence of ice-shelf buttressing, the
one-dimensionality of the approach and the uncertainty of the
available data. We argue however that the current topographic
situation and the physical conditions of the MISI-prone outlet
glaciers carry the information of their respective timescale and
that this information can be partially extracted through a
similitude analysis.
Critical Inquiry and the First Year: Reconceptualizing the Aims of Transitions Pedagogies
Authors: Stoller Aaron 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Most first-year seminars exist to ensure that incoming students achieve what is commonly described as “academic success.” While definitions of this term vary widely, it most often means socializing students into an academic culture so that they will remain at the institution, achieve a strong GPA, and graduate on time. Most first-year seminars focus on skills that either help students prepare for performing academic tasks or help students engage in academic tasks. This article introduces an alternative framework that moves beyond academic task training and advances the idea that a first-year seminar should provide a foundation for the cultivation of critical intellectual agency. This article calls this framework critical inquiry. It defines critical inquiry as the interrogation of the disciplinary cultures and practices where knowledge is produced and the pedagogical and curricular architectures where it is reproduced. As a conceptual core for first-year seminars, critical inquiry unpacks the learning environment for students, making its hidden expectations, cultures, and structures of power and privilege visible to students. In doing so, it prepares them to critically engage with and harness the educational environment in the development of their own identities as intellectual agents.
Educating for a Common World: The University Goes to School
Authors: Dharamsi Karim 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article reflects on a college transitioning into a university in the Canadian context and resisting the temptation to re-create a model of higher education committed to specialization alone. Instead, the university commits all its degree students to a general education, thereby also committing itself to an ideal associated with a diverse, multiethnic, multicultural, rights-oriented public square. By referring to some popular figures and discussions in the media, the article suggests that a general education includes a promise of incompletion and renewal.
Bestuurlijke aanpak van ondermijning: ervaringen in Nederland en het buitenland
Authors: Spapens A.C.M. 
Published: June 2019

Bestuurlijke aanpak van ondermijning: ervaringen in Nederland en het buitenland
Een bestuurlijke aanpak van ondermijnende criminaliteit, al dan niet als onderdeel van een integrale aanpak, is in Nederland inmiddels gemeengoed. Toch bestaan er nog volop misverstanden over, die ook aanleiding geven tot niet altijd terechte kritiek. Het handhavingsinstrumentarium waarop deze aanpak is gebaseerd vinden we in alle landen terug. De mate waarin het wordt toegepast om (zware en georganiseerde) misdaad te bestrijden verschilt echter, al naar gelang de aard, ernst en de historie van die problematiek. Een bestuurlijke aanpak is een manier om hogere drempels op te werpen voor criminele bedrijfsprocessen, maar is geen afzonderlijk alternatief voor het strafrecht.
De predispositie van de verdachte bij het stelen van een lokfiets: creëert de gelegenheid de dief?
Authors: Albers W. 
Published: June 2019

De predispositie van de verdachte bij het stelen van een lokfiets: creëert de gelegenheid de dief?
Uit de bestendige rechtspraak van de Hoge Raad blijkt dat opsporingsambtenaren op basis van de algemene taakstellende bevoegdheden in beginsel bevoegd zijn tot het inzetten van bepaalde lokmiddelen, mits deze inzet binnen de grenzen van het Tallon-criterium blijft. De verdachte mag zodoende niet door het optreden van de opsporingsambtenaar worden gebracht tot andere handelingen dan die waarop zijn opzet reeds van tevoren was gericht. De vraag die naar aanleiding van de onderhavige uitspraak echter kan worden gesteld, is of de verdachte nog wel een voldoende toereikend beroep kan doen op de rechtsbeschermende waarde die het Tallon-criterium – in het kader van de inzet van niet-menselijke lokmiddelen – beoogt te bieden.
Soil respiration and its Q10 response to various grazing systems of a typical steppe in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Nie Cheng , Li Yue , Niu Lei , Liu Yinghui , Shao Rui , Xu Xia , Tian Yuqiang 
Published: June 2019

Background
As one of the important management practices of grassland ecosystems, grazing has fundamental effects on soil properties, vegetation, and soil microbes. Grazing can thus alter soil respiration (Rs) and the soil carbon cycle, yet its impacts and mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods
To explore the response of soil carbon flux and temperature sensitivity to different grazing systems, Rs, soil temperature (ST), and soil moisture (SM) were observed from December 2014 to September 2015 in a typical steppe of Inner Mongolia under three grazing systems: year-long grazing, rest-rotation grazing, and grazing exclusion. In addition, plant aboveground and root biomass, soil microbial biomass and community composition, and soil nutrients were measured during the pilot period.

Results
Soil respiration was significantly different among the three grazing systems. The average Rs was highest under rest-rotation grazing (1.26 μmol·m−2·s−1), followed by grazing exclusion (0.98 μmol·m−2·s−1) and year-long grazing (0.94 μmol·m−2·s−1). Rs was closely associated with ST, SM, potential substrate and root, and soil microbe activity. The effects of grazing among two grazing systems had generality, but were different due to grazing intensity. The root biomass was stimulated by grazing, and the rest-rotation grazing system resulted in the highest Rs. Grazing led to decreases in aboveground and microbial biomass as well as the loss of soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus from the steppe ecosystem, which explained the negative effect of grazing on Rs in the year-long grazing system compared to the grazing exclusion system. The temperature sensitivity of Rs (Q10) was higher in the rest-rotation and year-long grazing systems, likely due to the higher temperature sensitivity of rhizosphere respiration and higher “rhizosphere priming effect” in the promoted root biomass. The structural equation model analysis showed that while grazing inhibited Rs by reducing soil aeration porosity, ground biomass and SM, it increased Q10 but had a lower effect than other factors. A better understanding of the effects of grazing on soil respiration has important practical implications.
Effect of heat-killedStreptococcus thermophiluson type 2 diabetes rats
Authors: Gao Xiangyang , Wang Fei , Zhao Peng , Zhang Rong , Zeng Qiang 
Published: June 2019

Background and AimsThe link between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been addressed by numerous studies.Streptococcus thermophilusfrom fermented milk products, has been used as a probiotic in previous research. However, whether heat-killedS. thermophiluscan improve the glycemic parameters of diabetic rats remains unanswered. In this study, we evaluated the effect of heat-killedS. thermophiluson T2D model rats and the potential mechanisms of the effect.MethodsZucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were used to generate a diabetic rat model induced by feeding a high-fat diet. Heat-killedS. thermophiluswere orally administered to normal and diabetic rats for 12 weeks. Intestinal microbiota analysis, histology analysis, oral glucose tolerance test and measurement of inflammatory factors were performed.ResultsWe found that heat-killedS. thermophilustreatment reduced fasting blood glucose levels and alleviated glucose intolerance and total cholesterol in diabetic ZDF rats. Additionally, heat-killedS. thermophilusincreased the interleukin 10 while reducing the levels of lipopolysaccharide, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in diabetic ZDF rats. The heat-killedS. thermophilustreatment can normalize the structure of the intestinal and colon mucosal layer of diabetic rats. The characteristics of the gut microbiota in heat-killedS. thermophilus-treated and control rats were similar. At the genus level, the abundances of beneficial bacteria, including Ruminococcaceae, Veillonella, Coprococcus, and Bamesiella, were all significantly elevated by heat-killedS. thermophilustreatment in ZDF diabetic rats.ConclusionOur study supports the hypothesis that treatment with heat-killedS. thermophiluscould effectively improve glycemic parameters in T2D model rats. In addition, the potential mechanisms underlying the protection maybe include changing the composition of gut microbiota, reinforcing the intestinal epithelial barrier and the immunity of the intestinal mucosa, decreasing the level of inflammation, and then reducing the insulin resistance.
Extraction of polysaccharides from Amaranthus hybridus L. by hot water and analysis of their antioxidant activity
Authors: Tang Yujia , Xiao Yirong , Tang Zizhong , Jin Weiqiong , Wang Yinsheng , Chen Hui , Yao Huipeng , Shan Zhi , Bu Tongliang , Wang Xiaoli 
Published: June 2019

Background
Amaranthus hybridus L. is an annual herb that belongs to the Amaranthceae family, a type of multi-purpose grain, vegetable and feed crop that has received considerable attention due to its great economic value. However, the composition of polysaccharides from A. hybridus has rarely been previously reported.

Methods
In this study, the aboveground part of A. hybridus was used as material and polysaccharides were isolated by the hot water extraction method. Two acidic polysaccharides were isolated and purified by the Sevage method and diethylaminoethyl cellulose-32 column chromatography.

Results
Two acidic polysaccharides were obtained from A. hybridus: AHP-H-1 and AHP-H-2. There were significant differences between the monosaccharide content from each sample according to gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. AHP-H-2 had higher antioxidant activity in vitro than AHP-H-1. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging rate of two mg/mL AHP-H-2 was 80%, its hydroxyl radical scavenging rate was approximately 48.5%, its superoxide anion radical scavenging rate was 85.3% and its reduction ability of Fe3+ was approximately 0.92. The total antioxidant capacity of each milligram of AHP-H-2 was 6.5, which was higher than ascorbic acid.

Conclusion
The results of the study promote the effective use of A. hybridus and provide a theoretical basis for its development.
Presbyopia and Vision-related Quality of Life in Calabar South, Nigeria
Authors: Eni Egbula N. , Oku Afiong , Duke Roseline E. 
Published: June 2019

Aim: To determine the magnitude of presbyopia and the effect of uncorrected presbyopia on vision-related quality of life in Calabar South, Nigeria.
Study Design: A community-based, descriptive cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Calabar South Local Government Area, Nigeria, between November 2016 and February 2017.
Methods: We included 422 adults (198 men, 224 women) aged 35 years and above, selected by cluster random sampling. Subjective distance refraction was done on all participants with distant visual acuity less than 6/6. Near visual acuity was assessed at 40 centimetres with a Times Roman near vision (British N system) chart, with distant correction in place if required. Presbyopia was defined as inability to read N8 at 40 centimetres unaided or with habitually worn distance refractive correction, with improvement of near vision by at least one line on a Times Roman near vision chart with use of a plus lens. An adapted and validated quality of life questionnaires were administered to the participants.
Results: A total of 422 participants were examined and interviewed. The prevalence of presbyopia was 55.5%. There was no significant association between gender and prevalence of presbyopia. The presbyopia correction coverage in the study population was 38.0% with a strong positive correlation between age and the required near vision spectacle lens power (r = 0.88, p < .001). Another key finding was a significant association between uncorrected presbyopia and reduced quality of life.
Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that the burden of presbyopia in the study population is enormous in spite of the fact that it has a cost effective intervention. The key findings in this study underscore the need to scale up presbyopic correction services in the study area.
Thin‐Layer Chromatography
Authors: Tuzimski Tomasz , Sherma Joseph 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThin‐layer chromatography (TLC) is one of the important chromatographic techniques. Its main advantages are low cost and the possibility of analyzing a large number of samples simultaneously. TLC is a very useful, rapid, and inexpensive chromatographic method. It is especially suitable for screening tests, in which pretreatment of the analytes can be avoided, even with dirty samples. The thin‐layer format provides a better arrangement for high sample throughput, flexible detection strategies, and a greater tolerance of samples with a high‐matrix burden. Currently, more and more popular application of computer‐controlled scanning instruments, automated sample application, and the large number of available image analysis software packages allow high accuracy and precision in TLC quantification. Modern planar chromatographic techniques can achieve high separating power by use of two‐dimensional (2‐D) techniques, chromatographic plates with different properties, a variety of mobile phase combinations, a variety of forced‐flow techniques, and multiple development modes.
Tip‐Enhanced
R
aman Spectroscopy
Authors: Gibson Kirsty F. , Kazarian Sergei G. , Kharintsev Sergey S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is a powerful analytical technique for chemical analysis at the nanoscale. Three different scanning probe microscopy tip‐enhanced Raman (SPM‐TERS) modes allow the analysis of a wide range of samples. TERS has been shown to be of great use in materials‐based applications, particularly for nanostructured materials and in the analysis of biologically relevant systems. In this article, the fundamentals and theoretical aspects of TERS, the instrumentation required to perform a TERS experiment and examples of a range of practical applications are discussed.
Hyphenated Methods for Speciation Analysis
Authors: Michalski Rajmund 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpeciation analysis, understood as research into various element forms, is gaining importance in environment protection; biogeochemical cycles of chemical compounds; determination of toxicity and ecotoxicity of selected elements; quality control of food, medicines, and pharmaceutical products; examination of occupational exposure and clinical analysis. The hyphenated methods, in which separation method is coupled with multidimensional detectors, have become very useful in such analyses. The main advantages of those methods consist in extremely low detection and quantification limits, insignificant interference influence as well as high precision and repeatability of the determinations. The following article describes the role and importance of hyphenated methods in speciation analyses of selected elements.