bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Cancer-Associated Anemia With Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents: ASCO/ASH Clinical Practice Guideline Update
Authors: Bohlius Julia , Bohlke Kari , Castelli Roberto , Djulbegovic Benjamin , Lustberg Maryam B. , Martino Massimo , Mountzios Giannis , Peswani Namrata , Porter Laura , Tanaka Tiffany N. , Trifirò Gianluca , Yang Hushan , Lazo-Langner Alejandro 
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE To update the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/American Society of Hematology (ASH) recommendations for use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in patients with cancer. METHODS PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses of RCTs in patients with cancer published from January 31, 2010, through May 14, 2018. For biosimilar ESAs, the literature search was expanded to include meta-analyses and RCTs in patients with cancer or chronic kidney disease and cohort studies in patients with cancer due to limited RCT evidence in the cancer setting. ASCO and ASH convened an Expert Panel to review the evidence and revise previous recommendations as needed. RESULTS The primary literature review included 15 meta-analyses of RCTs and two RCTs. A growing body of evidence suggests that adding iron to treatment with an ESA may improve hematopoietic response and reduce the likelihood of RBC transfusion. The biosimilar literature review suggested that biosimilars of epoetin alfa have similar efficacy and safety to reference products, although evidence in cancer remains limited. RECOMMENDATIONS ESAs (including biosimilars) may be offered to patients with chemotherapy-associated anemia whose cancer treatment is not curative in intent and whose hemoglobin has declined to < 10 g/dL. RBC transfusion is also an option. With the exception of selected patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, ESAs should not be offered to most patients with nonchemotherapy-associated anemia. During ESA treatment, hemoglobin may be increased to the lowest concentration needed to avoid transfusions. Iron replacement may be used to improve hemoglobin response and reduce RBC transfusions for patients receiving ESA with or without iron deficiency. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/supportive-care-guidelines and www.hematology.org/guidelines .
Intrinsic High Aerobic Capacity in Male Rats Protects Against Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance
Authors: Morris E Matthew , Meers Grace M E , Ruegsegger Gregory N , Wankhade Umesh D , Robinson Tommy , Koch Lauren G , Britton Steven L , Rector R Scott , Shankar Kartik , Thyfault John P 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLow aerobic capacity increases the risk for insulin resistance but the mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we tested susceptibility to acute (3-day) high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFD)–induced insulin resistance in male rats selectively bred for divergent intrinsic aerobic capacity, that is, high-capacity running (HCR) and low-capacity running (LCR) rats. We employed hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, tracers, and transcriptome sequencing of skeletal muscle to test whether divergence in aerobic capacity impacted insulin resistance through systemic and tissue-specific metabolic adaptations. An HFD evoked decreased insulin sensitivity and insulin signaling in muscle and liver in LCR rats, whereas HCR rats were protected. An HFD led to increased glucose transport in skeletal muscle (twofold) of HCR rats while increasing glucose transport into adipose depots of the LCR rats (twofold). Skeletal muscle transcriptome revealed robust differences in the gene profile of HCR vs LCR on low-fat diet and HFD conditions, including robust differences in specific genes involved in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, and differentiation. HCR transcriptional adaptations to an acute HFD were more robust than for LCR and included genes driving mitochondrial energy metabolism. In conclusion, intrinsic aerobic capacity robustly impacts systemic and skeletal muscle adaptations to HFD-induced alterations in insulin resistance, an effect that is likely driven by baseline differences in oxidative capacity, gene expression profile, and transcriptional adaptations to an HFD.
Adjuvant Radiation Improves Recurrence-Free Survival and Overall Survival in Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Gharzai Laila A , Green Michael D , Griffith Kent A , Else Tobias , Mayo Charles S , Hesseltine Elizabeth , Spratt Daniel E , Ben-Josef Edgar , Sabolch Aaron , Miller Barbara S , Worden Francis , Giordano Thomas J , Hammer Gary D , Jolly Shruti 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Context
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with high rates of recurrence and poor prognosis. The role of radiotherapy (RT) in localized ACC has been controversial, and RT is not routinely offered.

Objective
To evaluate the benefit of adjuvant RT on outcomes in ACC.

Design
This is a retrospective propensity-matched analysis.

Setting
All patients were seen through the University of Michigan’s Endocrine Oncology program, and all those who underwent RT were treated at the University of Michigan.

Participants
Of 424 patients with ACC, 78 were selected; 39 patients underwent adjuvant radiation.

Intervention
Adjuvant RT to the tumor bed and adjacent lymph nodes.

Main Outcomes Measures
Time to local failure, distant failure, or death.

Results
Median follow-up time was 4.21 years (95% CI, 2.79 to 4.94). The median radiation dose was 55 Gy (range, 45 to 60). The 3-year overall survival estimate for patients improved from 48.6% for patients without RT (95% CI, 29.7 to 65.2) to 77.7% (95% CI, 56.3 to 89.5) with RT, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.59 (95% CI, 1.60 to 8.09; P = 0.002). RT improved local recurrence-free survival (RFS) from 34.2% (95% CI, 18.8 to 50.3) to 59.5% (95% CI, 39.0 to 75.0), with an HR of 2.67 (95% CI, 1.38 to 5.19; P = 0.0035). RT improved all RFS from 18.3% (95% CI, 6.7 to 34.3) to 46.7% (95% CI, 26.9 to 64.3), with an HR 2.59 (95% CI, 1.40 to 4.79; P = 0.0024).

Conclusions
In the largest single institution study to date, adjuvant RT after gross resection of ACC improved local RFS, all RFS, and overall survival in this propensity-matched analysis. Adjuvant RT should be considered a part of multidisciplinary management for patients with ACC.
31P NMR Study on the Reactions of Amino Acids and Sugar Derivatives with Pyrophosphorous Acid as a Possible Prebiotic Phosphonylating Agent
Authors: Seio Kohji , Shiozawa Takashi , Sugiyama Daiki , Ohno Kentaro , Tomori Takahito , Masaki Yoshiaki 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential element in living organisms. Evaluating prebiotic processes that lead to phosphorylated biomolecules is an important step toward understanding the origin of life. Schreibersite ([Fe,Ni]3P) is a meteoritic phosphorus mineral which releases various phosphorus species reactive toward biomolecules. We studied the reactions between biomolecules and pyrophosphorus acid (H4P2O5), which is a phosphorous acid derivative released from schreibersite. The reactions between pyrophosphorous acid and molecules having hydroxy groups were carried out under mild alkaline conditions. Notably, some biologically important molecules such as l-serine, l-tyrosine, l-threonine, d-ribose, and d-glyceraldehyde reacted with pyrophosphorous acid to give corresponding phosphonates. These results suggested that if schreibersite and the biomolecules co-existed in the prebiotic earth, they formed the phosphonates which were able to play roles as surrogates or precursors of phosphorylated biomolecules.
Algorithmic Bias? An Empirical Study of Apparent Gender-Based Discrimination in the Display of STEM Career Ads
Authors: Lambrecht Anja , Tucker Catherine 
Published: April 2019

We explore data from a field test of how an algorithm delivered ads promoting job opportunities in the science, technology, engineering and math fields. This ad was explicitly intended to be gender neutral in its delivery. Empirically, however, fewer women saw the ad than men. This happened because younger women are a prized demographic and are more expensive to show ads to. An algorithm that simply optimizes cost-effectiveness in ad delivery will deliver ads that were intended to be gender neutral in an apparently discriminatory way, because of crowding out. We show that this empirical regularity extends to other major digital platforms. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
Learning-by-Moving: Can Reconfiguring Spatial Proximity Between Organizational Members Promote Individual-level Exploration?
Authors: Lee Sunkee 
Published: April 2019

This research proposes that individual-level exploration can be promoted by reconfiguring the spatial proximity between organizational members’ workspaces. To test this idea, I exploit a natural experiment in an e-commerce company where the spatial distances between organizational members’ workspaces were reconfigured. Consistent with the theory I develop on learning, results suggest that individuals whose workspaces were moved closer to those of previously separated peers engaged in more individual-level exploration. This pattern was stronger for individuals who had higher prior organizational experience and those who did not have ties with previously separated peers. Finally, I found that the relocated individuals also achieved higher financial performance. Overall, this study highlights the importance of an underexamined organization design element—spatial design—and its implications for organizational learning, individual-level exploration, and firm performance. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2019.1291 .
Postoperative cognitive decline: the nurse's role in identifying this underestimated and misinterpreted condition
Authors: Di Santo Luca 
Published: April 2019

Background: postoperative cognitive changes can increase morbidity and mortality, demand for postoperative care and social and health costs, and can lead to dementia. Aim: this article discusses perioperative variables that can be used to identify patients who are more vulnerable to experiencing cognitive decline after surgery. It also highlights some screening tools that could be useful for early detection and for planning nursing care. Method: a literature search was conducted using the Medline, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Cochrane Library databases from 2010 to 2018. Google Scholar was also consulted. The reference lists of relevant articles covering postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) were reviewed for further relevant papers. Conclusion: assessment and evaluation of a patient's cognitive resources before and after surgery can lead to clinical interventions to support the person's coping mechanisms; health professionals can reduce the short- and long-term effects of cognitive decline. Screening tools could be used as part of a strategy to minimise postoperative cognitive changes.
The role of practice nurses in annual epilepsy reviews
Authors: Mantri Pamela 
Published: April 2019

Annual epilepsy reviews can provide substantial benefits for people living with epilepsy, and practice nurses are ideally placed to undertake them. Pamela Mantri explains how a review can be undertaken and signposts useful resources for more informationThis article plans to support practice nurses to undertake effective annual epilepsy reviews. It discusses the purpose and potential of annual reviews and a practice nurse role. Practice nurses are well placed to identify and manage risk factors and comorbidities in people with epilepsy. The article identifies situations for onward referral for specialist reviews and it lists high-quality resources to support practice nurses in undertaking reviews. Annual epilepsy reviews offer patients an opportunity to discuss their concerns with a health professional. Reviews can greatly enhance quality of life, identify comorbidities and ensure timely referral to specialist services where indicated.
УДАЛЕНИЕ ИНФОРМАЦИИ В СЕТИ ИНТЕРНЕТ КАК СПОСОБ ЗАЩИТЫ ЧЕСТИ, ДОСТОИНСТВА И ДЕЛОВОЙ РЕПУТАЦИИ ГРАЖДАН
Authors: Selina Anna , Kholodenko Yury 
Published: April 2019

В статье рассматриваются особенности и проблемы реализации такого способа защиты чести, достоинства и деловой репутации как удаление информации в сети Интернет. Указанный способ является одним из новых специальных способов защиты, закрепленных в ГК РФ в 2013 году Федеральным законом «О внесении изменений в подраздел 3 раздела I части первой Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации». Проанализировано Постановление Конституционного Суда РФ от 09.07.2013 № 18-П, в котором давались пояснения относительно установления потенциальных ответчиков при реализации данного способа защиты, так как возникал вопрос, кого привлекать к ответственности при условии, что невозможно установить лицо, которое распространило порочащие сведения в сети Интернет. Ответственность у лиц наступает вне зависимости от того, зарегистрирован интернет-сайт в качестве средства массовой информации или нет. Исследована природа указанной выше ответственности, а также возможность применения мер по обеспечению иска, которые позволят приостановить распространение порочащей информации до принятия окончательного решения по судебному спору. В статье исследуются вновь принятые нормативно-правовые акты, которые непосредственно регулируют вопросы применения и дальнейший механизм реализации такого способа защиты, как удаление информации в сети Интернет. В статье представлена актуальная судебная практика по вопросам применения исследуемых способов защиты, выявлены практические и теоретические проблемы их применения, предложены изменения в действующее законодательство для устранения существующих недостатков правового регулирования защиты чести, достоинства и деловой репутации граждан с помощью удаления порочащей информации из сети Интернет.
ЛЮДИ НАШЕГО ЦАРЯ (К ВОПРОСУ О МЕТОДИКЕ АНАЛИЗА СЕМАНТИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКОЙ КОНСТРУКЦИИ В ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЕ)
Authors: Ivanenko Galina 
Published: April 2019

Статья посвящена вопросам семантического анализа в рамках лингвистической экспертизы. Предлагается методика итерпретативного анализа семантико-грамматических конструкций. Под последними понимаются языковые единицы, которые 1) существуют как грамматический конструкт с определенными морфологическими характеристиками компонентов, связанных определенной синтаксической связью, 2) имеют определенные параметры лексического наполнения конструкции: обобщенная семантика модели конкретизируется при лексической реализации, и наблюдается типологизация семантических реализаций.На примере анализа конкретной лексико-грамматической конструкции «люди кого-либо» (люди Петрова), ставшей предметом правового и лингвоэкспертного спора, показана позиция по конкретному вопросу и представление о методике семантического анализа языковой единицы рассматриваемого типа в ходе осуществления лингвистического исследования в экспертных целях.Выделено пять этапов семантического анализа семантико-грамматической конструкции:· анализ обобщенной грамматической модели (в рассматриваемом случае это существительное в именительном падеже + существительное в родительном падеже),· анализ конкретизированной семантико-грамматической модели, в которой одна синтаксическая позиция наполняется лексическим содержанием: люди кого-чего,· анализ модели, реализованной полным лексическим составом, с учетом конкретных признаков второго слова (люди кого – второе существительное одушевленное),· интерпретация лексикализованной модели в контексте, с учетом его стилистики и выражаемого текстом смысла,· анализ конструкции в конкретном наполнении с учетом ситуативного контекста и дискурса.Комплекс обозначенных действий и образует предлагаемую методику семантического анализа рассмотренного типа языковых единиц – семантико-грамматических конструкций. Для их осмысления, гораздо более неоднозначного, чем интерпретация слова, следует поочередно рассматривать каждый шаг наполнения модели лексическим содержанием и – самое главное – не опускать этап рассмотрения возможных вариантов интерпретации в зависимости от различных признаков каждого компонента (конкретность / отвлеченность, собственность / нарицательность, одушевленность / неодушевленность), а также от стиля, общего смысла микро- и макроконтекста, дискурса.
О ВКЛЮЧЕНИИ ШТРАФНЫХ САНКЦИЙ В ДОГОВОРЫ ОБ ОБУЧЕНИИ РАБОТНИКА ЗА СЧЕТ СРЕДСТВ РАБОТОДАТЕЛЯ
Authors: Mikhailenko Yulia 
Published: April 2019

В статье анализируется правовая природа и содержание соглашений об обучении работника за счет средств работодателя. Делается вывод, что отношения между работником и работодателем, основанные на указанных соглашениях, не выходят за рамки предметно-трудовых. Включение в соглашение об обучении условий гражданско-правового характера (в т.ч. обеспечение исполнения обязательства, вытекающего из трудовых отношений, гражданско-правовыми средствами) противоречит трудовому законодательству. Кроме того, подчеркивается, что в юридической литературе и судебной практике нет единства мнений по поводу состава затрат работодателя, возмещаемых в соответствии со ст. 249 ТК РФ. Предлагается на уровне кодекса уточнить, какие расходы относятся к затратам, связанным с обучением работника (либо, наоборот, указать какие затраты работодателя не могут взыскиваться).
ВЫДВИЖЕНИЕ КАК СРЕДСТВО СОЗДАНИЯ ЭКСПРЕССИВНОСТИ: К ВОПРОСУ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ ЭКСТРЕМИСТКИХ ТЕКСТОВ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ «БЕЛЫЙ БУКВАРЬ»)
Authors: Berdnikova Tatiana 
Published: April 2019

В статье рассматриваются способы создания выдвижения в материалах экстремистской направленности. Исследуется выдвижение как средство создания экспрессивности. Анализу подвергаются такие средства выдвижения, как заголовок, расширенное описание, не традиционное для современной русской орфографии написание слова, адресованность, ассоциативность. В качестве материала выступает публикация, размещенная в сети Интернет, – «Белый букварь». Рассматриваются особенности «научных» и «учебных» жанров, которые используют авторы материалов экстремистской направленности. В статье выявляется специфика жанра букваря применительно к экстремистским материалам. Анализ проводится с учетом жанра публикации, коммуникативной ситуации, языковых средств выражения выдвижения как средства создания экспрессивности текста.
Religious Refugees or Confessional Migrants? Perspectives from Early Modern Ireland
Authors: Ó hAnnracháin Tadhg 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Early Modern Ireland was a society deeply influenced by contrasting currents of mobility. Indeed, together with the Netherlands, it can be suggested that Ireland was the Western European society most shaped by confessional migration. Uniquely in Europe, the kingdom witnessed the effective replacement of its existing elites by immigrants whose religious affiliation marked them out as distinct from the mass of the inhabitants. As migrants into Ireland, Protestants derived substantial advantages from their religious identity. Ironically, however, it was the moment of their forced flight in 1641–42 which became a touchstone of historical memory and identity for this community, commemorated by an annual church service on 23 October, the date of the outbreak of the original rebellion. Similarly, for the Irish military, merchants and clerics who constituted the backbone of a very significant Irish Catholic diaspora during the Early Modern period, an inheritance of religious persecution became a vital and cherished aspect of identity and a critical aspect of the perception of them by their host societies, thus blurring the lines between the categories of religious refugees and confessional migrants.
Beasts at School: Luther, Language and Education for the Advancement of Germanness
Authors: Koryl Jakub 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The article aims at answering three complementary questions – why the implementation of the Lutheran idea of Christian renewal was possible by means of the German tongue alone; how the language can get beyond its merely communicative and descriptive purposes; and finally when can the performative analogy between speaking and being become essential for the language itself? Consequently, it discusses Luther’s concept of language as the primary vehicle for cultural change in terms of religion and confession, the socio-political agenda and national aspirations. Such a concept involved a great deal of theoretical considerations regarding pragmatic and most of all performative effectiveness of language, that altogether enabled Luther to provide his fellow-countrymen with a language which was culturally self-assertive, founded upon usage rather that abstract rules, and therefore understandable to common men, measurably affecting their way of being. For that reason Luther’s educational aims and his reform of divine worship, being the direct beneficiaries of that discovery, were taken into consideration, together with their social impact on the new cultural modes of comprehending the qualities that distinguish one community from another. Accordingly, the article discusses the language discovered by Luther (Hochdeutsch) as a cultural understructure having an effect on every feature that defines Lutheranism (and the Lutheran collective identity in particular) in respect of politics, religion, values and knowledge. For such a language, more than anything else, was able to take all the German peculiarities into account, and to make Germans finally capable of overcoming the spiritual and corporeal supremacy of the Roman Latin (lingua Romana). A closer insight given here into a pre-Lutheran period of that Roman-German cultural encounter leaves no doubt that Luther himself was often following the footsteps of fifteenth-century German humanists like Jakob Wimpfeling, Rudolph Agricola and Conrad Celtis. Although Germans “are and must remain beasts and stupid brutes,” as Luther declared, nonetheless language, by means of education, and divine worship could finally liberate those beasts from Roman-Latin standards, that is from a foreign way of speaking and being.
Behavioural and psychological symptoms in neurocognitive disorders: Specific patterns in dementia subtypes
Authors: Majer Réka , Simon Viktória , Csiba László , Kardos László , Frecska Ede , Hortobágyi Tibor 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) form an important sub-syndrome of dementia. We assessed the frequency and severity of BPSD in a random sample of Hungarian treatment-naïve dementia patients. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between cognitive symptoms and BPSD and the pattern of BPSD in specific types of dementias.

Methods
Patients (n=131) were classified into 3 groups: Alzheimer’s (AD), vascular (VD), and mixed (MD) dementia. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) neuropsychological tests were employed.

Results
Mean age and MMSE score did not differ significantly among groups. BPSD was frequent (100% prevalence, NPI mean total Frequency score: 14.58, SD=7.55); abnormal motor behaviour showed the highest frequency. Hallucinations and delusions were related to the aetiology of dementia and were independent of the level of cognitive deterioration, whereas irritability, sleep-wake cycle dysfunctions, and eating-appetite change were associated with cognitive deterioration and were independent from aetiology. Both aberrant motor behaviour and disinhibition were significantly associated with aetiology and cognitive deterioration.

Conclusions
BPSD symptoms are significant constituents of dementia syndromes, affecting quality of life and substantially contributing to the caregiver’s burden. Specific symptom patterns can be identified in different types of dementia.