bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a real life 1-year follow-up study
Authors: Spannella Francesco , Marini Marco , Giulietti Federico , Rosettani Giulia , Francioni Matteo , Perna Gian Piero , Sarzani Riccardo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReal-life data confirming the favourable renal outcome in patients with heart failure (HF) treated with Sacubitril/Valsartan, previously found in several trials (RCTs), are still scant. We evaluated the renal effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan in a real-life sample of HF patients. Observational analysis of 54 consecutive outpatients affected by HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and clinical indication for Sacubitril/Valsartan. Patients were evaluated at baseline (T0) and after six (T6) and twelve (T12) months after initiating Sacubitril/Valsartan and compared with a group of 30 historical controls. Mean age: 65.5 ± 11.7 years. Older patients: 29 (53.7%). Mean baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): 59.4 ± 19.2 ml/min/1.73 m2. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined by an eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, were 29 (53.7%). Sacubitril/Valsartan was less titrated in both older patients and patients with CKD. There were no changes in diuretics during follow-up. Systolic blood pressure (BP) decreased during follow-up (p = 0.014), while left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) slighly increased (p < 0.001). Renal function improved after 12 months compared to historical controls (p for interaction < 0.001) and a greater benefit was found in subjects aged < 65 years (p for interaction = 0.002) and patients with CKD (p for interaction = 0.009). A statistically (p = 0.009), but not clinically significant increase in serum potassium was also found, regardless of age and CKD. This is the first study focused on the renal effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan in HFrEF patients followed for 12 months in a real-life clinical context. The improved eGFR, despite lower BP, represents an important confirmation outside the peculiar world of RCTs.
Comprehensive investigation on producing high-power orbital angular momentum beams by coherent combining technology
Authors: Zhi Dong , Hou Tianyue , Ma Pengfei , Ma Yanxing , Zhou Pu , Tao Rumao , Wang Xiaolin , Si Lei 
Published: May 2019

High-power orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams have distinct advantages in improving capacity and data receiving for free-space optical communication systems at long distances. Utilizing the coherent combination of a beam array technique and helical phase approximation by a piston phase array, we have proposed a generating system for a novel high-power beam carrying OAM, which could overcome the power limitations of a common vortex phase modulator and a single beam. The characteristics of this generating method and the orthogonality of the generated OAM beams with different eigenstates have been theoretically analyzed and verified. Also a high-power OAM beam produced by coherent beam combination (CBC) of a six-element hexagonal fiber amplifier array has been experimentally implemented. Results show that the CBC technique utilized to control the piston phase differences among the array beams has a high efficiency of 96.3%. On the premise of CBC, we have obtained novel vortex beams carrying OAM of $\pm 1$ by applying an additional piston phase array modulation on the corresponding beam array. The experimental results agree approximately with the theoretical analysis. This work could be beneficial to areas that need high-power OAM beams, such as ultra-long distance free-space optical communications, biomedical treatments, and powerful trapping and manipulation under deep potential wells.
Cultivating Violence: Trade Liberalization, Illicit Labor, and the Mexican Drug Trade
Authors: Herrera Joel Salvador 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThis article asks whether economic liberalization, under certain institutional conditions, is indirectly related to drug violence. Focusing on Mexico’s drug trade, where violence was historically limited by politicoinstitutional arrangements, this study examines how trade liberalization shapes social exclusion in key trafficking regions and, in turn, shapes the industry. It argues that the change in development strategy has increased the flow of workers into the drug trade by reconfiguring the agricultural sector in regions where drugs are produced while failing to absorb surplus labor in manufacturing centers containing key smuggling routes. Through both mechanisms, workers enter an illicit market with new institutional settings that allow for fierce competition and the use of violence. Using panel data on drug violence from 2007 to 2011, the study finds that exposure to trade is associated with violence in both drug-producing and -smuggling regions, but with a more sizable effect in the former.
Buckling of Sandwich Panels with Laminated Face Plates
Authors: Pearce T R A , Webber J P H 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe buckling of simply-supported sandwich panels, made up from fibre reinforced laminated face plates and honeycomb cores, is considered when they are subjected to uniform end loading. Numerical results are given for both overall buckling and face plate wrinkling for panels having typical carbon fibre faces with the laminations arranged to give effectively orthotropic properties.
On the Corner Boundary Layer with Favourable Pressure Gradient
Authors: Zamir M 
Published: May 2019

SummarySolutions of equations governing the flow in the plane of symmetry of a corner boundary layer with favourable pressure gradients are presented. The results indicate that as the pressure gradient is reduced the secondary flow in the plane of symmetry reverses its direction from a flow into the corner to an outflow away from the corner, the main velocity profile being of the separation type with zero gradient at the wall and a point of inflection within the boundary layer. As the pressure gradient is reduced further the numerical method of solution is found to break down, possibly because of a drastic change of character in the family of solutions. This may be indicative of a corresponding change of character in the physical flow which, it is hoped, may clarify some of the unexplained phenomena disclosed by recent experiments on the corner boundary layer with zero pressure gradient.
Three-Dimensional Dynamical Behaviour of a Flexible Towed Cable
Authors: Cannon T C , Genin J 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe three-dimensional motion of a body towed by a flexible cable is studied. An approximate solution is developed for the non-linear equations of motion of the system to determine cable shapes. This solution is then used to compute natural frequencies and damping rates for longitudinal and lateral motions of the system. Conditions necessary for the uncoupling of the lateral and longitudinal motions are defined.
Re-Developing Turbulent Boundary Layers Behind Yawed Separation Bubbles
Authors: Horton H P 
Published: May 2019

SummaryMeasurements are presented of the mean flow properties of some three-dimensional turbulent boundary layers re-developing after reattachment behind short separation bubbles yawed at 26.5° to the main stream. For these measurements, Rθ11varied from about 550 to 1450. It was found that, where the pressure gradient parameter (ν/ρu3τ1)∂p/∂s was not greater than about 0.05, the flow in the local external streamline direction conformed well with empirical laws for fully-attached two-dimensional layers with regard to the mean velocity profiles, shape parameter relationships and skin friction laws, giving support to the usual assumption that these two-dimensional relationships may be applied to the streamwise flow in three-dimensional layers, subject to the limitation on the pressure gradient parameter. The cross-flow profiles, on the other hand, were not generally fitted well by the often-used representations of Mager and Johnston. The variations of the kinetic energy dissipation coefficient and the entrainment rate were deduced for one of the layers, both quantities being found to be higher than those predicted by empirical relationships for conventionally-developing two-dimensional layers. However, the energy dissipation is in fair agreement with that in a similarly re-developing two-dimensional flow.
Some Remarks on the Behaviour of Surface Source Distributions near the Edge of a Body
Authors: Craggs J W , Mangler K W , Zamir M 
Published: May 2019

SummaryWhen the incompressible potential flow past a three-dimensional body is represented by source distributions on the body surface, these source distributions have singularities near an edge or corner, for example á trailing edge of a wing or the (unfaired) intersection of a body and a wing. The nature of these singularities is discussed. When assuming slow variations of the geometry in the main flow direction we can consider a two-dimensional problem in the cross-flow plane. Here the tangential velocities and source distributions are proportional to certain powers of the distance from the corner. For example at a convex right-angled corner these powers are − ⅓ in the asymmetric case (the bisector is a potential line) and ⅓ in the symmetric case (the bisector is a streamline) for both sources and tangential velocities. At a concave right-angled corner the corresponding values for the source distributions are ⅓ (asymmetric case) and − ⅓ (symmetric case) whereas they are 1 and 3 respectively for the tangential velocities.
The Secondary Flow about Circular Cylinders Mounted Normal to a Flat Plate
Authors: Bělík L 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe paper presents an experimental study of vortex systems generated in the region where an incompressible flow with spanwise varying velocity moves about a circular cylinder connected to a flat plate. The role that the various flow and geometric parameters play in the generation of the horseshoe vortex at the front of the cylinder is discussed and the dimensionless similarity numbers which describe the flow are derived.
The Large Deflection and Post-Buckling Behaviour of Some Laminated Plates
Authors: Turvey G J , Wittrick W H 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe Dynamic Relaxation (DR) method is applied to the solution of geometrically non-linear, elastic, laminated plate, flexural and stability problems. Two categories of plate are considered, namely, those that are symmetrically and unsymmetrically laminated with respect to the plate middle surface. Whereas the former category exhibits a bending – twisting coupling phenomenon, the latter exhibits an extensional – flexural type of coupling. The effects of these coupling phenomena are evaluated by comparing the plate responses with those of corresponding homogeneous, specially orthotropic plates. With the exception of uniaxially compressed plates of the latter category in the post-buckling regime, it is found that for both flexural and stability problems the coupling phenomena cause a reduction in stiffness and the extent of this reduction is dependent on the lay-up of the laminate.
Effective-Viscosity Model for Turbulent Wall Boundary Layers
Authors: Anyiwo J C , Meroney R N 
Published: May 2019

SummaryExisting effective viscosity models which have been very valuable in the mean field closure method for turbulent boundary layer computation have shown certain undesirable limitations for certain realistic but general boundary layer flows. The more general flows usually involve non-negligible considerations of pressure gradients and such wall conditions as roughness, curvature and aspiration or transpiration in varying degrees of importance. The effects of these external and wall influences have, unfortunately, been underplayed by most existing effective viscosity models. The present model of the effective viscosity is developed for a general flow and has shown remarkable agreement with experimentation, without being any more complex than existing models.
A Theory for Rectangular Wings with Small Tip Clearance in a Channel
Authors: Sugiyama Y 
Published: May 2019

SummaryEquations are derived for the total lift about low aspect ratio wings in an inviscid, incompressible, uniform flow. The analysis extends Bollay’s analysis, which followed the line suggested by Prandtl, and it is shown experimentally that Bollay’s simplifying assumptions can still be applied. Agreement is good between the present theory and the author’s experiment for values of total lift with small tip clearance.
Parametric Analysis of Turbulent Wall Jets
Authors: Narayan K Yegna , Narasimha R 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe concept of a fully-developed flow based on the hypothesis of selective memory is here applied to general wall-jet type flows. In the presence of a (constant) external stream, the free-stream velocity and the jet momentum flux are taken to be the chief quantities governing the development of the wall jet: two additional non-dimensional parameters, representing a momentum flux Reynolds number and the relative momentum defect in the initial boundary layer, are shown to have only a secondary effect on the fully-developed flow. The standard correlations so determined are also found to predict quite well the flow development in Gartshore and Newman’s experiments on wall jets in adverse pressure gradients; possible reasons for this somewhat surprising result are discussed. Finally it is shown, by application to the still-air case, that the parameters discovered in incompressible flow are, with appropriate but straightforward modification, successful in describing compressible wall jets also.
Response of Rotor Blades to Random Loads under Forward Flight Conditions
Authors: Lakshmikantham C , Aravamudan K S 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis paper contains results for the response of a helicopter rotor blade under stationary random excitation when the helicopter is in forward flight. The blade model takes into account the bending and torsional modes as well as the root-rigidity conditions. The resulting linear dynamical system equations with periodic coefficients are treated within the framework of the filtering theory to yield matrix ordinary differential equations for the required response-statistics themselves.
Time's Struggle with Space: Kierkegaard's Understanding of Temporality
Authors: Taylor Mark C. 
Published: May 2019

In the provocative eleventh book of his Confessions, Augustine mused:What then is time? Who can find a quick and easy answer to that question? Whoever in his mind can grasp the subject well enough to be able to make a statement on it? Yet in ordinary conversation we use the word ‘time’ more often and more familiarly than any other. And certainly we understand what we mean by it, just as we must understand what others mean by it when we hear the word from them. What then is time? I know what it is if no one asks me what it is; but if I want to explain it to someone who has asked me, I find that I do not know.
The Category of Growth in Comparative Religion: A Critical Self–Examination
Authors: Panikkar R. 
Published: May 2019

The echo produced by some of my writings dealing with problems of Comparative Religions sounds to me as an invitation to restate thematically one of the main issues in the Encounter of Religions.This present study is irenic in tone and has tried to overcome the temptation of self-defence. I shall try to rethink my approach to the problem of the encounter of the christian faith with the religions of the world, to present it for correction or even for total eclipse. How can I put forward more than a hypothesis in this field (now just emerging) of open dialogue among religions?
Mathematical Models in Portfolio Selection
Authors: Moore P. G. 
Published: May 2019

SynopsisA great deal of theoretical and empirical work has been carried out in recent years, particularly in the United States, on the use of mathematical models as an aid to the selection of investment portfolios containing equities. The present paper attempts to survey some of the more important advances that have been made, and to assess them in relation to the problems that managers face in the running of a portfolio.
Non Liquet: From Modern Law to Roman Law
Authors: Rabello Alfredo Mordechai 
Published: May 2019

1.May a Judge Refuse to Pronounce Judgment?: In modern legal systems, the judge cannot as a rule evade his basic duty, that of adjudicating. He has the option of either allowing or of rejecting the plaintiff's claims. Under the rules of criminal procedure adopted by several countries, he may acquit for insufficient evidence. But he cannot be released from exercising his function as a judge, claiming either that the facts of the case are not sufficiently clear to him (factual doubt), or that the norm to be applied in the specific case cannot be determined (judicial doubt), or even that there exists no fixed norm for the determination of the case (lacunain the law).Thus theCode Civil des Français(orCode Napoléon) lays down explicitly: “A judge who refuses to decide a case, on the pretext that the law is silent, obscure or insufficient, may be prosecuted as being guilty of denial of justice”. This article is the outcome of a long evolutionary process. Prior to the French Revolution, before the separation of powers, the main question was not that oflacunaebut rather that of the directions given to the judge in order to help him carry out his functions.
Municipal Elections in Occupied Judea and Samaria
Authors: Drori Moshe 
Published: May 2019

One of the principal functions of military government in an occupied area is to return civil life to its normal course. Such a goal is not only a political objective whose advantages are obvious; it is also based upon the principles of International Law and the Law of Warfare. The military administration bears responsibility for restoring public order and safety and maintaining essential services, so that it may fulfil the civil functions of government for the welfare of the population in the occupied area.In the intricate framework required to supply services to the population of the occupied area by the military administration, the local municipal authorities play a substantial role. These authorities regard themselves as being closer to the residents of the occupied areas, and thus they see it as a moral duty to take care of their population and provide it with daily services.During periods of crises and war the population tends to a greater extent to shut itself within its immediate surroundings and to request aid and encouragement from familiar local bodies; thus it becomes more and more dependent on the local authorities.
Estimation of genetic variation for macro- and micro-environmental sensitivities of milk yield and composition in Holstein cows using double hierarchical generalized linear models
Authors: Ehsaninia Jamshid , Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh Navid , Shadparvar Abdol Ahad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for environmental sensitivities in milk yield and composition of Iranian Holstein cows using the double hierarchical generalized linear model (DHGLM) method. Data set included test-day productive records of cows which were provided by the Animal Breeding Center and Promotion of Animal Products of Iran during 1983 to 2014. In the DHGLM method, a random regression model was fitted which included two parts of mean and residual variance. A random regression model (mean model) and a residual variance model were used to study the genetic variation of micro-environmental sensitivities. In order to consider macro-environmental sensitivities, DHGLM was extended using a reaction norm model, and a sire model was applied. Based on the mean model, additive genetic variances for the mean were 38.25 for milk yield, 0.23 for fat yield and 0.03 for protein yield in the first lactation, respectively. Based on the residual variance model, additive genetic variances for residual variance were 0.039 for milk yield, 0.030 for fat yield and 0.020 for protein yield in the first lactation, respectively. Estimates of genetic correlation between milk yield and macro- and micro-environmental sensitivities were 0.660 and 0.597 in the first lactation, respectively. The results of this study indicated that macro- and micro-environmental sensitivities were present for milk production traits of Iranian Holsteins. High genetic coefficient of variation for micro-environmental sensitivities indicated the possibility of reducing environmental variation and increase in uniformity via selection.
Screening diagnostic candidates fromLeishmania infantumproteins for human visceral leishmaniasis using an immunoproteomics approach
Authors: Lage Daniela P. , Ludolf Fernanda , Silveira Patrícia C. , Machado Amanda S. , Ramos Fernanda F. , Dias Daniel S. , Ribeiro Patrícia A. F. , Costa Lourena E. , Vale Danniele L. , Tavares Grasiele S. V. , Martins Vívian T. , Chávez-Fumagalli Miguel A. , Caligiorne Rachel B. , Chaves Ana T. , Gonçalves Denise U. , Rocha Manoel O. C. , Duarte Mariana C. , Coelho Eduardo A. F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is no suitable vaccine against human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and available drugs are toxic and/or present high cost. In this context, diagnostic tools should be improved for clinical management and epidemiological evaluation of disease. However, the variable sensitivity and/or specificity of the used antigens are limitations, showing the necessity to identify new molecules to be tested in a more sensitive and specific serology. In the present study, an immunoproteomics approach was performed inLeishmania infantumpromastigotes and amastigotes employing sera samples from VL patients. Aiming to avoid undesired cross-reactivity in the serological assays, sera from Chagas disease patients and healthy subjects living in the endemic region of disease were also used in immunoblottings. The most reactive spots for VL samples were selected, and 29 and 21 proteins were identified in the promastigote and amastigote extracts, respectively. Two of them, endonuclease III and GTP-binding protein, were cloned, expressed, purified and tested in ELISA experiments against a large serological panel, and results showed high sensitivity and specificity values for the diagnosis of disease. In conclusion, the identified proteins could be considered in future studies as candidate antigens for the serodiagnosis of human VL.
Bishop Bonner and the Oath
Authors: Parmiter Geoffrey de C. 
Published: May 2019

Section 9 of the Act of Supremacy, 1559, provided that ‘all and every Archebishoppe Bishoppe and all and every other Ecclesiasticall Person, and other Ecclesiastical Officer and Minister… and all and every Temporall Judge Justicer Mayor and other Laye or Temporall Officer and Minister’, and certain other persons should take an oath the form of which was set out in the section. The oath acknowledged the queen's ecclesiastical authority and renounced all foreign jurisdiction including that of the pope. Section 10 of the Act provided that if any person who was required to take the oath refused to do so, he should be deprived of ‘all and every Ecclesiasticall and Spiritual Promotion Benefice and Office, and every Temporall and Laye Promotion and Office’ which he had at the time of refusal, and should thereafter be disqualified for life from holding or exercising any such office or promotion.The Act of Supremacy received the royal assent on 8 May 1559, soon after Easter, and immediately the surviving bishops of Mary's reign were faced with the prospect of taking the oath prescribed by the act. On 23 May 1559, a commission was issued to eighteen laymen authorizing and requiring them to administer the oath of supremacy to the bishops and others required by the act to take it.