bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A tetraspanin gene regulating auxin response and affecting orchid perianth size and various plant developmental processes
Authors: Chen Wei‐Hao , Hsu Wei‐Han , Hsu Hsing‐Fun , Yang Chang‐Hsien 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe competition between L (lip) and SP (sepal/petal) complexes in P‐code model determines the identity of complex perianth patterns in orchids. Orchid tetraspanin gene Auxin Activation Factor (AAF) orthologs, whose expression strongly correlated with the expansion and size of the perianth after P code established, were identified. Virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) of OAGL6‐2 in L complex resulted in smaller lips and the down‐regulation of Oncidium OnAAF. VIGS of PeMADS9 in L complex resulted in the enlarged lips and up‐regulation of Phalaenopsis PaAAF. Furthermore, the larger size of Phalaenopsis variety flowers was associated with higher PaAAF expression, larger and more cells in the perianth. Thus, a rule is established that whenever bigger perianth organs are made in orchids, higher OnAAF/PaAAF expression is observed after their identities are determined by P‐code complexes. Ectopic expression Arabidopsis AtAAF significantly increased the size of flower organs by promoting cell expansion in transgenic Arabidopsis due to the enhancement of the efficiency of the auxin response and the subsequent suppression of the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis genes (DAD1/OPR3) and BIGPETAL gene during late flower development. In addition, auxin‐controlled phenotypes, such as indehiscent anthers, enhanced drought tolerance, and increased lateral root formation, were also observed in 35S::AtAAF plants. Furthermore, 35S::AtAAF root tips maintained gravitropism during auxin treatment. In contrast, the opposite phenotype was observed in palmitoylation‐deficient AtAAF mutants. Our data demonstrate an interaction between the tetraspanin AAF and auxin/JA that regulates the size of flower organs and impacts various developmental processes.
Cell Mass Increase Associated with Formation of Glucose-Controlling β-Cell Mass in Device-Encapsulated Implants of hiPS-Derived Pancreatic Endoderm
Authors: Robert Thomas , De Mesmaeker Ines , Van Hulle Freya O. , Suenens Krista G. , Stangé Geert M. , Ling Zhidong , Haller Corinne , Bouche Nicolas , Keymeulen Bart , Kraus Marine R.C. , Pipeleers Daniel G. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Device-encapsulated human stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm (PE) can generate functional β-cell implants in the subcutis of mice, which has led to the start of clinical studies in type 1 diabetes. Assessment of the formed functional β-cell mass (FBM) and its correlation with in vivo metabolic markers can guide clinical translation. We recently reported ex vivo characteristics of device-encapsulated human embryonic stem cell-derived (hES)-PE implants in mice that had established a metabolically adequate FBM during 50-week follow-up. Cell suspensions from retrieved implants indicated a correlation with the number of formed β cells and their maturation to a functional state comparable to human pancreatic β cells. Variability in metabolic outcome was attributed to differences in number of PE-generated β cells. This variability hinders studies on processes involved in FBM-formation. This study reports modifications that reduce variability. It is undertaken with device-encapsulated human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived-PE subcutaneously implanted in mice. Cell mass of each cell type was determined on intact tissue inside the device to obtain more precise data than following isolation and dispersion. Implants in a preformed pouch generated a glucose-controlling β-cell mass within 20 weeks in over 60% of recipients versus less than 20% in the absence of a pouch, whether the same or threefold higher cell dose had been inserted. In situ analysis of implants indicated a role for pancreatic progenitor cell expansion and endocrine differentiation in achieving the size of β- and α-cell mass that correlated with in vivo markers of metabolic control. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1296&1305
Electrospinning Preparation and Formation Mechanism of BiVO4/α, β‐Bi2O3 Nanofibers with Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Yang Fan , Yu Xiaojiao , Yao Binghua , Zhang Jie , Li Jv 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHerein, the BiVO4/α, β‐Bi2O3 nanofibers with moderate amounts of BiVO4 nanoparticles (1‐5 wt%) were successfully fabricated by combining electrospinning and hydrothermal method. The microstructure and properties of the prepared samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, ultraviolet‐visible diffuse reflection, and photocurrent measurement. The results show that BiVO4 had a substantial effect on the formation of β‐Bi2O3 and the structure of the nanofibers. From the photocatalytic test results, it can be inferred that the RhB degradation efficiencies of pure BiVO4 and α‐Bi2O3 were lower than those of the composites considered in this study. The samples with a BiVO4 content of 3 wt% displayed the best photocatalytic activity for RhB (the degradation efficiency of RhB and Tc was 96.1% and 77.1%, respectively) compared to that of other samples considered in this study. The reactive species in the photocatalytic process were also studied, and it was found that the O2•− play a leading role in this process. In addition, the two‐step formation mechanism and the carries transmission mechanism of the composite nanofibers were constructed. This work provides a valuable reference for future research and design of high‐performance photocatalysts.
SiOx‐Modified Biocarbon Materials Derived from Shaddock Peel for Li–Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Feng , Deng Chaohua , Liu Xing , Ding Yanhuai , Peng Jinfeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSiOx‐modified porous biocarbon (C/SiOx), derived from shaddock peel through pyrolysis reaction, has been explored as an anode in rechargeable lithium batteries. The hierarchical structure endows the C/SiOx composites ultrahigh specific capacity and high electronic conductivity. After 100 cycles, a reversible capacity over 740 mAh⋅g−1 can be obtained at a current density of 0.358 A⋅g−1. An acceptable capacity of 82 mAh⋅g−1 can also be exhibited by withstanding a current density of 17.9 A⋅g−1. The study demonstrates that C/SiOx composites can be employed as a potential anode for advanced Li‐ion batteries.
A Practical Method for the Preparation of Sulfonyl Chlorides and Sulfonamides from Thiols using H2O2‐TAPC Reagent System
Authors: Parnian Rouhallah , Soleimani Ebrahim , Bahrami Kiumars 
Published: August 2019

AbstractH2O2 in the presence of TAPC (1,3,5‐triazo‐2,4,6‐triphosphorine‐2,2,4,4,6,6‐chloride) as an effective and chemoselective reagent system is described for the direct conversion of thiols to sulfonyl chlorides. Upon reaction with amines, the desired sulfonamides were produced in excellent yields and in short reaction times. Mild conditions, metal‐free process, and excellent selectivity are some of the advantages of this method.
Selective Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate via Transesterification of Propylene Carbonate with Methanol Catalyzed by Bifunctional Li‐Al Nano‐composite
Authors: Nivangune Nayana , Kelkar Ashutosh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA series of binary mixed metal oxides (MMOs) were synthesized by combination of Mn+/Al3+ (Mn+= Li, Mg, Co, Ni, Zn) via co‐precipitation method and screened for transesterification of propylene carbonate (PC) with methanol. The aim of this study was to understand the role of acid‐base properties of MMOs on the activity and selectivity towards dimethyl carbonate (DMC) synthesis. The MMOs were characterized in detail by XRD, BET, TEM, NH3 and CO2‐TPD techniques. Catalysts synthesized by various combination of Mn+/Al3+ showed different textural and surface properties and the strength of acid‐base sites were also found to be significantly altered. These changes in physicochemical properties significantly affected the PC conversion and selectivity to DMC. Li+ incorporated in Al3+ showed the formation of octahedral α‐LiAlO2 phase having more amounts of active sites (O2−) present on the edges and corner of the structure. This resulted in easy accessibility of active sites and higher activity compared to other catalysts screened. Furthermore the catalyst retained high activity and selectivity for six consecutive recycle experiments; which is highly desirable for large‐scale application.
Acid‐Catalyzed Four‐Component Tandem Double Cyclization: Access to Dihydroindolizino[8,7‐b]indoles
Authors: Shirsat Prashishkumar K. , Narasimhulu Valipenta , Kumbhare Ravindra M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe novel one pot four‐component reaction for the construction of dihydroindolizino[8,7‐b]indoles and their derivatives have been developed from ninhydrine, tryptamine, dimetylene acetylene dicarboxylate and aliphatic alcohol. This reaction produces to go through via Pictet‐Spengler cyclization reaction and construction of C−C and C−N bond readily achieved under transition metal free condition. Meanwhile, advantageous of tandem double cyclization are not only reducing reaction steps but also waste production.
New Benzamide Analogues of Metronidazole‐tethered Triazoles as Non‐sugar Based Inhibitors of β‐Glucuronidase
Authors: Batool Farhana , Khan Maria A. , Shaikh Nimra N. , Iqbal Shazia , Akbar Shahida , Fazal‐ur‐rehman Saba , Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal , Basha Fatima Z. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe present study describes the synthesis, and evaluation of β‐glucuronidase inhibitory potential of metronidazole analogues. Twenty‐four metronidazole‐tethered benzamide triazoles (28‐51) were synthesized using copper‐catalyzed Huisgen alkyne‐azide cycloaddition reaction, and characterized by using different spectroscopic techniques. All of them were identified as new compounds. Compounds 28–51 demonstrated weak to excellent in vitro β‐glucuronidase inhibitory activity with no toxicity against 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell lines. Compound 51 (IC50=12.41 ± 0.58 μM) was found to be the most active β‐glucuronidase inhibitor among the series, with an activity ∼4 times higher than the standard inhibitor, D‐saccharic acid‐1,4‐lactone (IC50=45.75 ± 2.16 μM).
S8‐Mediated Cyclization of 2‐Hydroxy/Amino anilines with Arylacetylene: Approach to Benzoxazoles and Benzimidazoles
Authors: Gan Haifeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA metal‐free cyclization to obtain 2‐arylmethyl benzoxazoles/benzimidazoles from three‐component reaction: 2‐hydroxy/amino anilines, sulfur and arylacetylene in DMF has been described. The reactions proceeded with good functional application and needed 2 equivalent of anilines, and gram‐scale is also obtained. DMF was efficient in this transformation, which is a complementary procedure to the known approach.
pH Dependent Self‐Assembly of Single‐Pyrene‐Armed Calix[4]arene: Modulation and Complexation with p‐Sulfonatocalix[6]arene
Authors: Kalyani Vrashali S. , Gawhale Sharadchandra T. , Rathod Nilesh V. , Singh Prabhat K. , Malkhede Dipalee D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe photophysical behaviour of a single pyrene substituted calix[4]arene derivative (MPCX4) has been investigated, as a function of pH, using steady state fluorescence and time‐resolved emission spectroscopic techniques. An interesting dimer emission band has been observed exclusively in the alkaline solution (pH > 8) which has been attributed to the hydrophobic and stacking interaction between the pyrene moieties of the adjacent MPCX4 molecule. The self‐assembled MPCX4 is disrupted by the introduction of another calixarene based host, p‐sulfonatocalix[6]arene (SCX6), which eventually leads to the 1:1 complex formation between MPCX4 and SCX6, which is further characterised by 1H NMR, FT‐IR and HR‐MS techniques. This complexation between MPCX4 and SCX6 also leads to the modulation of the prototropic equilibrium of MPCX4.
Progress in miRNA Detection Using Graphene Material–Based Biosensors
Authors: Zhang Congcong , Miao Pei , Sun Mingyuan , Yan Mei , Liu Hong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, endogenous, noncoding RNAs that play critical roles in physiologic and pathologic processes and are vital biomarkers for several disease diagnostics and therapeutics. Therefore, rapid, low‐cost, sensitive, and selective detection of miRNAs is of paramount importance and has aroused increasing attention in the field of medical research. Among the various reported miRNA sensors, devices based on graphene and its derivatives, which form functional supramolecular nanoassemblies of π‐conjugated molecules, have been revealed to have great potential due to their extraordinary electrical, chemical, optical, mechanical, and structural properties. This Review critically and comprehensively summarizes the recent progress in miRNA detection based on graphene and its derivative materials, with an emphasis on i) the underlying working principles of these types of sensors, and the unique roles and advantages of graphene materials; ii) state‐of‐the‐art protocols recently developed for high‐performance miRNA sensing, including representative examples; and iii) perspectives and current challenges for graphene sensors. This Review intends to provide readers with a deep understanding of the design and future of miRNA detection devices.
Crystallization of Small Organic Molecules in a Polymer Matrix: Multistep Mechanism Enables Structural Control
Authors: Bronshtein Ilya , Weissman Haim , Kaplan‐Ashiri Ifat , Rybtchinski Boris 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe widely employed crystallization of organic molecules in solution is not well understood and is difficult to control. Employing polymers as crystallization media may allow enhanced control via temperature‐induced regulation of polymer dynamics. Crystallization of a small organic molecule (perylene diimide) is investigated in polymer matrices (polystyrene) that enable the mechanistic study and control over order evolution. The crystallization is induced by heating above the glass transition temperature of the polymer, and quenched by cooling, leading to stabilization of crystallization intermediates. The mechanistic studies include direct imaging by electron microscopy, revealing a complex self‐assembly process starting from amorphous aggregates that densify and transform into an unstable crystalline phase of
N
,N′‐bis(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic diimide (DMP‐PDI), followed by a conversion into a more stable crystalline form. Stabilization of crystallization intermediates at room temperature provides diverse structures based on a single molecular component. These findings have implications for the rational design of organic crystalline materials.
Comprehensive Cell Surface Antigen Analysis Identifies Transferrin Receptor Protein-1 (CD71) as a Negative Selection Marker for Human Neuronal Cells
Authors: Menon Vishal , Thomas Ria , Elgueta Claudio , Horl Marcus , Osborn Teresia , Hallett Penny J. , Bartos Marlene , Isacson Ole , Pruszak Jan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cell state-, developmental stage-, and lineage-specific combinatorial expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) molecules enables the identification of cellular subsets via multicolor flow cytometry. We describe an exhaustive characterization of neural cell types by surface antigens, exploiting human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cell systems. Using multiwell screening approaches followed by detailed validation of expression patterns and dynamics, we exemplify a strategy for resolving cellular heterogeneity in stem cell paradigms. In addition to providing a catalog of surface antigens expressed in the neural lineage, we identified the transferrin receptor-1 (CD71) to be differentially expressed in neural stem cells and differentiated neurons. In this context, we describe a role for N-Myc proto-oncogene (MYCN) in maintaining CD71 expression in proliferating neural cells. We report that in vitro human stem cell-derived neurons lack CD71 surface expression and that the observed differential expression can be used to identify and enrich CD71− neuronal derivatives from heterogeneous cultures. Stem Cells 2019;37:1293–1306
Engineered stem cells targeting multiple cell surface receptors in tumors
Authors: Kavari Sanam L. , Shah Khalid 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMultiple stem cell types exhibit inherent tropism for cancer, and engineered stem cells have been used as therapeutic agents to specifically target cancer cells. Recently, stem cells have been engineered to target multiple surface receptors on tumor cells, as well as endothelial and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the rationales and strategies for developing multiple receptor-targeted stem cells, their mechanisms of action, and the promises and challenges they hold as cancer therapeutics.
MiR‐20b‐5p relieves neuropathic pain by targeting Akt3 in a chronic constriction injury rat model
Authors: You Haiping , Zhang Lihong , Chen Zhiyuan , Liu Weifeng , Wang Honggeng , He Hefan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNeuropathic pain is caused by somatosensory nervous system disorder which happens in patients with different diseases. Akt3 regulates innate immune function and plays a role in neuropathic pain pathogenesis in rats. MiR‐20b‐5p is a microRNA which has been suggested to inhibit Akt3 expression through directly targeting Akt3 mRNA. This research focused on miR‐20b‐5p function in neuropathic pain by Akt3 expression inhibition. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) was employed to induce neuropathic pain in rats. Paw withdrawal thresholds and paw withdrawal latency were examined to show neuropathic pain development. Expression levels of relative genes or microRNA were checked using qRT‐PCR and western blot. Inflammation cytokine levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. In CCI rat model, miR‐20b‐5p level was declined and Akt3 mRNA level was upregulated. MiR‐20b‐5p mimics suppressed the enhanced neuropathic pain, neuroinflammation, and Akt3 expression. MiR‐20b‐5p directly targeted Akt3 mRNA and downregulated the Akt3 expression in rat primary microglial cells. MiR‐20b‐5p inhibitory function in neuropathic pain was suppressed by the upregulation of Akt3 expression. This research illustrated that miR‐20b‐5p alleviated neuropathic pain through the inhibition of Akt3 expression in CCI rat model.
Associations among Fish Length, Dam Passage History, and Survival to Adulthood in Two At‐Risk Species of Pacific Salmon
Authors: Faulkner James R. , Bellerud Blane L. , Widener Daniel L. , Zabel Richard W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThreatened or endangered salmon and steelhead originating in the Snake River basin must pass through a series of eight major hydroelectric dams during their seaward migration. Understanding the effects of specific dam passage routes on lifetime survival for these stocks is essential for successful management. Juvenile fish may pass these dams via three primary routes: (1) spillways, (2) turbines, or (3) juvenile bypass systems, which divert fish away from turbines and route them downstream. Bypass systems may expose fish to trauma, increased stress, or disease. However, numerous studies have indicated that direct survival through bypass systems is comparable to and often higher than that through spillways. Some researchers have suggested that the route of dam passage affects mortality in the estuary or ocean, but this is complicated by studies finding that fish size affects the route of passage. We tested whether passage through bypass systems was associated with the probability of adult return after accounting for fish length and other covariates for two species of concern. We also investigated the association between fish length and the probability of bypass at dams and how this relationship could lead to spurious conclusions regarding effects of bypass systems on survival if length is ignored. We found that (1) larger fish had lower bypass probabilities at six of seven dams; (2) larger fish had a higher probability of surviving to adulthood; (3) bypass history had little association with adult return after accounting for fish length; and (4) simulations indicated that spurious effects of bypass on survival may arise when no true bypass effect exists, especially in models without length. Our results suggest that after fish leave the hydropower system, bypass passage history has little effect on mortality. Our findings underscore the importance of accounting for fish size in studies of dam passage or survival.
Lie–Poisson Methods for Isospectral Flows
Authors: Modin Klas , Viviani Milo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe theory of isospectral flows comprises a large class of continuous dynamical systems, particularly integrable systems and Lie–Poisson systems. Their discretization is a classical problem in numerical analysis. Preserving the spectrum in the discrete flow requires the conservation of high order polynomials, which is hard to come by. Existing methods achieving this are complicated and usually fail to preserve the underlying Lie–Poisson structure. Here, we present a class of numerical methods of arbitrary order for Hamiltonian and non-Hamiltonian isospectral flows, which preserve both the spectra and the Lie–Poisson structure. The methods are surprisingly simple and avoid the use of constraints or exponential maps. Furthermore, due to preservation of the Lie–Poisson structure, they exhibit near conservation of the Hamiltonian function. As an illustration, we apply the methods to several classical isospectral flows.
The Sentiment Analysis of Tweets as a New Tool to Measure Public Perception of Male Erectile and Ejaculatory Dysfunctions
Authors: Sansone Andrea , Cignarelli Angelo , Ciocca Giacomo , Pozza Carlotta , Giorgino Francesco , Romanelli Francesco , Jannini Emmanuele A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionTwitter is a social network based on “tweets,” short messages of up to 280 characters. Social media has been investigated in health care research to ascertain positive or negative feelings associated with several conditions but never in sexual medicine.AimTo assess perceptions related to erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE) among Twitter users.MethodsData collection was performed on a daily basis between May 24–October 9, 2018 (138 days) via an automated script. Data collection was then performed after data cleaning. The statistical software R and the rtweet packages were used in both phases.ResultsWe collected 11,000 unique tweets for PE and 30,546 unique tweets for ED. After data cleaning, we analyzed 7,020 tweets on PE and 22,648 tweets on ED by analyzing the most recurring words and the clusters describing word associations. The most popular words for ED were “Treatment,” “Health,” and “Viagra,” whereas “Sex,” “Sexual,” and “Cure” were the top 3 for PE. Word clusters suggest the presence of some recurring themes, such as medical terms being grouped together. Additionally, tweets reflect the general feelings triggered by specific events, such as pieces of news pertaining to sexual dysfunctions.Clinical ImplicationsTweets on sexual dysfunctions are posted every day, with more tweets on ED than on PE. Treatment is among the chief topics discussed for both conditions, although health concerns differ between PE and DE tweets.Strength and LimitationsThis is the first analysis conducted on Tweets in the field of andrology and sexual medicine. A significant number of tweets were collected and analyzed. However, quantitative assessment of the sentiment was not feasible.ConclusionSexual dysfunctions are openly discussed on social media, and Twitter analysis could help understand the needs and interests of the general population on these themes.