bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridging the study gap: Provision of support for mathematics students during breaks in study
Authors: Pawley Susan , Hughes Chris 
Published: December 2018

Many STEM subjects are strongly hierarchical: learning and progression depends upon threshold concepts and retained knowledge from previous study. To help progress learning, support can be offered during regular study periods, but what happens during breaks between studies? The requirement to provide continuity during study breaks is recognised as vital in assisting students to bridge the knowledge gap and have the best chance of success.At the Open University, we have found that over 64% of students studying one of our second level mathematics modules completed the prerequisite module over a year before starting the module. During this gap, their use of techniques required to study effectively may have become “rusty”. Even students who progress immediately find there are study holes where some of the retained knowledge has been lost.We describe the creation of a ‘Revise and Refresh’ support program that helped our students revise and refresh the knowledge required to study our level two module successfully.
DEGRADATION MODEL OFPOLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE BY ESCHERCHIA COLI BACTERIA
Authors: Talib Taufan 
Published: December 2018

Degradation of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) using Escherchia Coli (E-Coli) bacteria in awhole cell biocatalys system. E-Coli bacteria will produce LC-Cutinase enzyme surface of the cell and coupled with PET, so PET can decompose. LC-Cutinase reaction and PET lasts for three days. Models that are formed already can explains the phenomenon of PET degradation
O enquadramento dos direitos lgbti como direitos humanos: uma análise do processo de construção do frame motivacional
Authors: Medeiros Fernanda Luíza Silva de , Bernardes Pedro Henrique Dias Alves 
Published: December 2018

O presente trabalho visa demonstrar a tentativa por parte de movimentos sociais, aqui denominados atores estratégicos, em estabelecer os direitos da população LGBTI como direitos humanos, à semelhança do que ocorreu com os direitos específicos de outras populações (como as mulheres). O objetivo seria transformar em mainstreamo entendimento acerca da necessidade de proteção desse grupo contra discriminação, preconceito e violência, bem como o reconhecimento de seus direitos referentes à liberdade de orientação sexual e identidade de gênero. Para analisar este processo, é aplicado o conceito de frame, um esquema interpretativo cuja construção ocorre por meio de um processo discursivo que envolve o levantamento de uma situação-problema (diagnóstico), o oferecimento de soluções (prognóstico) e os critérios para que a mobilização em torno do objetivo dos atores estratégicos seja cumprida. Identificou-se, ao final, que oframing(processo de construção do frame) aqui analisado foi apenas parcialmente atingido.
A Hebrew Echo of Catullus’ Passer circa 1400?
The Question of Humanism in Late Medieval Hispano-Jewish Communities
Authors: Gutwirth Eleazar 
Published: December 2018

Against the background of a long standing tradition which sees the Hispano-Jewish culture of the late Middle Ages in terms of decline and isolationism, the article attempts to analyse – and argue for an echo of Catullus’ Carmina in – a Hebrew poem of the Catalano-Aragonese “guild of the poets”. It tries to contrast the unverified attributions of translations from the Latin or the putative existence of romance texts which have not been found with the close analogy of themes and motifs between the Hebrew and the Latin poem. It contextualises it in the frame of other cultural manifestations of close contacts between Jews and Christians as well as the rich evidence of the archival documents of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.
TEST FLOUR ANT NESTS INHIBITION (Myrmecodia pendans) AGAINST BACTERIA Escherichia coli and Salmonella IN INTESTINAL OF QUAIL ( Coturnix-coturnix japonica )
Authors: Lumbangaol Susan E 
Published: December 2018

This research aims to know the influence of addition of Ant (Myrmecodia pendans) to drag power bacteria quail. The sample in this research was the quail as much as 250 quail. Basal feed consists of a mixture of yellow corn, soybeans for cake, MBM (meat bone meal) fish meal, pollard, dicalsiumposfhat, premix, cooking oil, and Dekstro lekso methionine. The addition of Ant consists of 5 treatments, namely control or P0 (0%), P1 (0,2%), P2 (0,4%), P3 (0,6%), as well as the addition of P4 (0,8%). The parameters observed inhibitory power is bacterial (Escherichia coli Bacteria Salmonella) and Total Plate Count (TPC). The research was designed using Random Design complete with 5 treatments and five replicates. The results of the analysis showed that the granting of Ant against test bacteria inhibitory power suggests that the addition of the Ant's nests significantly different (P<0,05) for bacteria Escherichia coli with an average power of drag is higheston treatment of P4 (0,8%) of 13,05 mm, whereas the drag power test Salmonella bacteria on average the highest inhibitory at the treatment power P2 (0,2%) of 12,21 mm. The addition of Ant against the test of Total Plate Count showed that increasing the giving of Ant can inhibit the bacteria in the gut quail but statistically not different either in the bacteria Escherichia coli Salmonella (P>0,05). Results of the study it was concluded that the higher the granting of Ant can maintain intestinal bacteria on growth performance of quail
Nyelvi készségek fejlesztése NILD-terápiás
Authors: Jordanisz Ágnes 
Published: December 2018

A NILD Tanulási Terápia® egy kognitív funkciókat fejlesztő program, amely integrálja a hatékony tanuláshoz szükséges metakognitív gondolkodást és az interaktív kommunikációt. A terapeuta a tanuló proximális fejlődési zónájában nyújt segítséget, többnyire olyan kérdéssel, amely magasabb szintű gondolkodásra készteti a diákot. A nyelvi fejlesztési területek magukba foglalják a beszéd teljes feldolgozását – az auditív figyelemtől a szövegértésig –, valamint a szóbeli és írásbeli kifejezőkészség fejlesztését. Az olvasás és a helyesírás megalapozását és fejlesztését célozza a fonológiai tudatosság fejlesztése több technikába ágyazva (a NILD terápiás program több mint 20 technikával dolgozik). A fonológiai tudatosság a szótag-, a rím- és a beszédhang-tudatosságot foglalja magába. A jelen tanulmányban mindegyik terület fejlesztéséhez közlünk gyakorlatokat a NILD Tanulási Terápia rövid bemutatása után.
Study of genetic resources for Powdery mildew resistance by biochemical and physiological parameters on peaches and nectarines in Romania
Authors: Toma S. , Ivascu A. , Oprea M. , Delian E. , Toma F. , Zdremtan M. , Halmagean L. , Cantar L. 
Published: December 2018

During 1997-2002, studies on the physiological and biochemical changes due to powdery mildew attack in peach and nectarine cultivars and hybrids belonging to different classes of resistance had been performed at the Research Station for Fruit Tree Growing (RSFTG) Baneasa Bucharest, located in the southern part of Romania. The study was based on disease assessments in the field and on other diagnosis criteria.
The southern part of Romania has favourable ecological conditions for growing peach and nectarine but trees have been attacked by various pathogens such as Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr.: Fr.) Lev. var. persicae Woronichin fungus for a long time. The presence of the pathogen causes important changes in the quantity and quality of fruits and affects the metabolism of trees.
This study was focused on several physiological and biochemical parameters such as photosynthesis and respiration intensity along with catalase activity; and changes in some biochemical compounds such as free, total and linked water content, dry matter, nitrogen and protein content, tannin levels. The aim was to find possible correlation among the above parameters and the biotic stress induced by the powdery mildew fungus calculated as attack degree (AD%).
Results showed that photosynthesis diminished significantly in the case of the attacked phenotypes, the respiration was more intense in the infected cultivars and catalase proved to be less intense in the affected plants. The total water content significantly increased in contrast to the dry matter and tannin contents, which greatly reduced in the case of resistant cultivars such as 'Victoria', Vectared 7', 'KB 11-40'. The total nitrogen and protein levels showed less influence on resistance to powdery mildew on all cultivars. All genetic material found resistant to powdery mildew is currently used in peach and nectarine breeding programs in Romania.
Further studies focused on isolation and characterization of resistance genes for powdery mildew resistance will be done in the future based on data collected during several years.
Path analysis and correlation coefficient of environmental factors influencing foraging behaviour of four honeybee species pollinating litchi flowers (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)
Authors: Abrol D. P. 
Published: December 2018

Honeybee species Apis dorsata F; A. mellifera L; A. cerana F. and A.florea F. were the most important and efficient pollinators of litchi flowers (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in India. They constituted more than 65% of the total pollinating insects. The ecological threshold for commencement and cessation of flight activity of each honeybee species varied from one another. In general, 15.5-18.5°C temperature, 600-1700 lx light intensity, 9-20 mW/cm2 solar radiation appeared to be the minimum ecological conditions for commencement of flight activity in Apis species. Cessation of activities in all the honeybee species was governed mainly by decline in values of light intensity and solar radiation irrespective of other factors.
In between commencement and cessation, the activity of all honeybee species followed the same general pattern as temperature (T), light intensity (LI). Solar radiation (SR). Nectar sugar concentration (NSC) and inversely with relative humidity (RH). Path analysis revealed that all the honeybee species differed in their responses to environmental factors prevailing under similar set of conditions depending upon physiological adaptation of each honeybee species. Of all the factors studied; temperature, light intensity and solar radiation were the three important factors whose influence on foraging population was more pronounced.
Comparison of light yellow fleshed pepper varieties grown on rockwool under unheated forcing conditions
Authors: Tompos D. , Gyúrós J. Jr. 
Published: December 2018

Experiments are going on all over the world assisting the joint effort of researchers and practicing specialists to identify the methods which can help either in the reduction of production costs or in the increase of yields.
The task of the growers is to make profitable use of the forcing facilities and to satisfy market demands at an acceptable price by means of improving production technology and applying new scientific, technological and technical information.
For the last few years, rockwool based forcing has been gaining in importance. The subject of our scientific work was the analysis of an important question of this technological variant, the selection of the variety. Besides, we also tried to identify the most suitable pruning technology for the varieties studied.
In Hungary, the highest demand is commonly known to be for the light yellow fleshed varieties which are suitable for stuffed dishes. In the future, due to their special quality and appearance, as well as to the Hungaricum character, they could become important export goods on the European Union market. It was within this variety type that comparison between varieties already common in production (HO F1, HRF F1, Danubia F1) was carried out, trying to get an answer to the question which of the three varieties could be produced with the greatest success. Considering the quantitative and qualitative indicators, it was H6 F1 that proved the best out of the three varieties tested under unheated forcing on rockwool. It excelled the other two varieties both in quality and in average fruit weight, preserving this advantage until the end of the growing period.
Prediction infection risk on the basis of weather-related factors and Erwinia amylovora colonization in apple and pear flowers
Authors: Bubán T. , Rutkai E. , Dorgai L. , Thomson S. V. 
Published: December 2018

Current infection risk prediction models utilize environmental parameters and field records, but do not take into account the estimated inoculum potential within the orchard. The object of this study was to survey the accuracy of three simple prediction methods under Hungarian climatic conditions, which could easily be used by the farmers. We also tested whether the accuracy of infection risk predictions can be improved by taking into consideration the incidence and/or rate of flower colonization by Erwinia amylovora.
After preliminary investigations in 1999-2001, data concerning the weather-related infection risk were recorded in 5 apple and 1 pear orchards in 2002, and in 12 apple and I pear orchards in 2003. The weather data were processed by the easy-to-use risk assessment models of the mean temperature prediction line (MTL), Smith's Cougarblight 98C and Billing's integrated system (BIS), and by the MaryblytTM 4.3 computer-assisted model for reference. The population size of E. amylovora in the flower samples was estimated within an order of magnitude by PCR.
For all years and orchards tested, Maryblyt indicated 35 days on which there was an acute infection risk. The same days were indicated by all 3 methods in 23 cases (66%), 8 days were indicated by 2 methods (23%) and 4 days were indicated by 1 method only. A similarly good correlation was found for prediction of the date of the first massive infection risk: in 2003, for instance, there was a perfectly consistent prediction by all 4 models in 9 of the 13 participating orchards. A coincidental forecast was provided by 3 of the 4 models in the other 4 orchards.
The results indicate that any of the risk assessment models could provide an increased accuracy of the actual infection risk prediction if combined with an estimation of the incidence of Erwinia amylovora colonization in the open flowers. We found no convincing differences in the size of the epiphytic population in flowers of cultivars possessing high or low susceptibility to Erwinia amylovora.
We conclude that the easy-to-use methods tested could be used by the fanners to recognize weather-related risks, especially when coupled with an estimation of the proportion of the pathogen-infested flowers. This local prediction would provide rapid information (faster than the regional forecast systems) specifically for a given orchard.
Fruit production and research in Hungary - An overview
Authors: Papp J. , Nyéki J. , Soltész M. 
Published: December 2018

Hungary is traditionally a food producer country. 63% of its total land area can be cultivated. Horticulture is one of the fundamental agricultural branches. The country has a moderate continental climate, with a mean temperature of 10 °C. The average hours of sunshine ranges 1,700 to 2,100 hours. Under the geographical condition in the Carpathian Basin the chemical composition of the fruits has a good harmony. The total fruit acreage is 97,000 ha with a crop of 800,000 to 900,000 tons yearly. In 1982 1,934,000 tons of fruit crop were produced since then it has decreased. The most important fruits are apple, European plum, sour cherry and raspberry. The percentage of apple reaches almost up to 60%. In the new plantings sour cherry, apple and black elderberry is popular. The most important fruit-producing region is situated at the North-eastern part of the country. More than 40% of Hungary's fruit production is concentrated there. In ranking the 2nd place is taken by fruit growing area in the middle of Hungary, where the production of stone fruits and small fruits has a considerable proportion.
In the 70s and 80s of last century there was a developed research structure and wide range of research activity in Hungary. From that time the research capacity has considerably decreased first of all in the field of technological development. The main research area is fruit breeding and variety evaluation.
Fruit scientists and fruit grower specialists are held together by the Hungarian. Society for Horticultural Sciences which has a membership in ISHS. Fruit researches and scientists having academic degree are belonged to the Horticultural Board of Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
The inheritance and durability of scab resistance in apple progenies
Authors: Tóth M. , Pedryc A. 
Published: December 2018

In order to select the appropriate parent cultivars and maintain the durability of resistance, it is important to clarify the mechanisms of inheritance of scab resistance depending on the parents. It has been known that the progeny segregation ratios based on scab-resistance do not depend only on the genotype of the resistance locus but also on the genetical makeup of the donor and recipient parents as well as on the susceptible parent.
The aim of this study has been to demonstrate what factors in the Vf, Vr and VA scab-resistant cultivars — combined with susceptible and resistant parents — affect the inheritance and durability of resistance in seedlings in their first 4 year's growing four years' growth. After inoculating apple seedlings sown in 2001 with the suspension of Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. in the greenhouse, we studied the segregation ratios of the progenies into reaction classes. Seedlings showing resistance in the greenhouse were also evaluated for scab-resistance after they had been moved to the field and had naturally been infected with the pathogen in 2002 and 2004.
The majority of our results obtained in the greenhouse test, similarly to earlier experiences, have not justified monogenic inheritance at the phenotypic level. The effect of susceptible parent cultivars on the segregation ratio of progenies have become apparent again. The high infection rate of seedlings in the field trials, which had previously exhibited varying degrees of resistance in the greenhouse test, has raised concern. Our data has raised further doubts, concerning the durability of Vf resistance in Hungary. It is assumed that the composition of natural field populations of Venturia inaequalis in Szigetcsép has changed. The complexity of Vf resistance has been confirmed. The high infection rate in the progenies derived from Vf resistant cultivars draws the attention to the importance of utilizing additional sources of resistance.
Foliar application of zinc and its effect on greenhouse grown cucumber
Authors: Slezák K. , Fehérvári-Póczik E. , Irinyi B. , Terbe I. , Hegedűs A. , Stefanovits-Bányai É. 
Published: December 2018

The experiment was conducted to examine the effect of the foliar application of zinc on yield and crop quality and on fruit mineral composition of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus cv. Mustang) which were grown in peat in containers under unheated conditions and were not showing visible signs of zinc deficiency.
In the trial the following 3 treatments were set up in 4 replications: Znl = 0.35 g/litre Zn, as foliar fertilizer; Zn2 = 0.7 g/litre Zn, as foliar fertilizer, control = no foliar fertilization. Foliar fertilization was applied 5 times with 10 day intervals. After their planting out the plants were fertigated daily with water soluble complex fertilisers. Fruits were harvested twice a week, 16 times in all, and were divided into three quality classes (class I, class II and substandard). Shoot length of the plants (plant height) was measured on 3 occasions. Zinc content of the fruits and leaves was analysed at two times.
From the results of the trials it can be concluded that the 0.35 g/litre Zn (0.35 mg/ml) foliar fertilisation had beneficial effect on cucumber both in terms of yield and quality. Under the conditions of the experiment (daily fertigation through drip irrigation) the effect of a more concentrated foliar application of zinc seemed less beneficial.
The zinc content of the fruits showed no evident increase in response to foliar fertilization, while a significant increase was seen in the leaves, particularly with the more concentrated Zn treatment. This indicates that in the case of cucumber zinc, through its assimilation in vegetative parts, has an indirect effect on fruit development.
Fruit bearing shoot characteristics of apricot and sweet cherry cultivars in Hungary
Authors: Thurzó S. , Drén G. , Dani M. , Hlevnjak B. , Hazic V. , Szabó Z. , Racskó J. , Holb I. J. , Nyéki J. 
Published: December 2018

: Our study was carried out on 23 apricot and 9 sweet cherry cultivars in February 2005. Fruiting laterals were classified into four groups (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm and >40 cm) and then the density and setting of flower buds were evaluated and expressed as bud/cm. The flower bud density of four types of fruit bearing shoots and the changes in the frost resistance were studied. Shoots were collected from a young orchard in Gone (apricot), Siófok (sweet cherry) and Nagykutas (sweet cherry). There were significant differences among the cultivars in the density of flower buds. The number of flower buds/cm shoot length ranged between 0.91 and 2.20 in the average of the different fruit bearing shoot types on apricot. Based on the results, the bud density of shorter shoots is generally higher on apricot, but this is not valid for all cultivars. For cvs. Magyarkajszi and Ceglédi bíborkajszi, the highest flower bud density was detected on shoots of medium length (10-40 cm). There were fivefold and almost twofold (1.85) differences in bud density among cultivars on shoots shorter than 10 cm length and longer than 40 cm length, respectively. The ratio of the bud densities of the different types of shoots also ranged between wide boundaries. For cvs. Bayoto, Toyesi and Toyiba this ratio was 2.5-3.5, while for cv. Magyarkajszi it was 1.3.
In the average of fruit bearing shoots on sweet cherry, cv. Bigarreau Burlat (1.10 bud/cm) and cv. Germersdorfi 45 (0.61 bud/cm) had the largest and the lowest flower bud density, respectively. Among the fruit bearing shoots, the largest flower bud density was in the group of 0-10 cm fruiting laterals. Among cultivars, cv. Bigarreau Burlat had the largest bud density. In the groups of n- i 0 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm fruiting laterals, the lowest flower bud density was for cv. Linda, cv. Germersdorfi 45, cv. Ferrovia and cv. Sunburst, respectively. On cvs. Van and Bigarreau Burlat, large numbers of double-set flower buds were observed on the fruit bearing shoots longer than 20 cm. Fruit setting differed on the different types of fruit bearing shoots, with the lowest value measured on above 40 cm shoots. The highest fruit setting was observed on cv. Katalin, while the lowest value was measured on cv. Germersdorfi 3.