bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological impacts of invasive carp in Australian dryland rivers
Authors: Marshall Jonathan C. , Blessing Joanna J. , Clifford Sara E. , Hodges Kate M. , Negus Peter M. , Steward Alisha L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Invasive carp are widely reported to harm ecosystems. In Australia, carp are a serious pest and, consequently, investigations of biocontrol options are under way.
Best practice biocontrol requires cost/risk:benefit evaluation. To assist this, the impacts of carp on aquatic ecosystems have been summarized.
To aid the evaluation of benefits, general predictions were tested by comparing dryland river ecosystems with and without carp, and ecosystem responses to a gradient in local carp density.
Expectations were that in the presence of carp, and with increasing density, there would be increasing turbidity, decreasing densities of macrophytes and macroinvertebrates, and associated changes in assemblage composition, resulting in decreasing native fish density.
Not all expected responses were found, indicating that the general understanding of carp impact requires modification for dryland rivers. Notably, carp did not increase turbidity or reduce macroinvertebrate density or composition, probably because of key attributes of dryland rivers. In contrast, there were large impacts on native fish biomass, not from the mechanisms expected, but from food resource monopolization by carp. Macrophyte occurrence was reduced, but macrophytes are naturally rare in these rivers. It is likely that the extirpation of an endangered river snail resulted from carp predation.
Impacts on native fish may be reversible by carp control, but reversal of impacts on the snail may require carp elimination and snail reintroduction. Modelling is necessary to predict the probability of beneficial versus undesirable outcomes from carp control, and complementary measures to control other stressors may be needed.
Benefits of carp control on dryland river ecosystems are fewer than generally predicted. This reinforces the point that ecological understanding cannot always be transferred between diverse settings and highlights the need to understand system characteristics relevant to causal impact pathways when applying generic carp impact models to specific settings. This has global relevance to future carp control efforts.
Is Pseudanodonta complanata the most vulnerable of widespread European species of unionids? An intense stress test leading to a massive die‐off
Authors: Ćmiel Adam M. , Zając Katarzyna , Lipińska Anna M. , Zając Tadeusz 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

This article reports a large‐scale die‐off of approximately one‐third of the unionid mussels inhabiting a shallow, naturally eutrophic, floodplain lake (Zalew Pińczowski), which took place within the space of just a few days.
Mortality was the highest in Pseudanodonta complanata (81%), followed by Unio pictorum (58%), Anodonta cygnea (26%), Unio tumidus (15%), and Anodonta anatina (5%). It was significantly related to mussel size (age) only in A. cygnea, with the mortality rate higher in smaller (young) mussels.
Pseudanodonta complanata was already the rarest species in the lake, and the number of survivors decreased to such an extent as to trigger a possible Allee effect.
The most likely cause of the die‐off was a motor‐boating incident that had directly preceded the die‐off. Analysis of the water samples collected just after the die‐off revealed an extremely high concentration of phosphate (up to 0.5 mg dm−3) and nitrite (up to 0.06 mg dm−3). We suggest that the boat movements must have disturbed the lake sediments, thereby disrupting the mussels' physiology and causing mass mortality.
The high sensitivity of P. complanata to environmental stress suggests that it may be an effective umbrella species for the protection of co‐occurring mussel species in eutrophic lakes.
Population Impact Attributable to Modifiable Risk Factors for Hyperuricemia
Authors: Choi Hyon K. , McCormick Natalie , Lu Na , Rai Sharan K. , Yokose Chio , Zhang Yuqing 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo examine modifiable risk factors in relation to the presence of hyperuricemia and to estimate the proportion of hyperuricemia cases in the general population that could be prevented by risk factor modification, along with estimates of the variance explained.MethodsUsing data obtained from 14,624 adults representative of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population, we calculated adjusted prevalence ratios for hyperuricemia, population attributable risks (PARs), and the variance explained according to the following 4 factors: body mass index (BMI; ≥25 kg/m2), alcohol intake, nonadherence to a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and diuretic use.ResultsBMI, alcohol intake, adherence to a DASH‐style diet, and diuretic use were all associated with serum urate levels and the presence of hyperuricemia in a dose‐dependent manner. The corresponding PARs of hyperuricemia cases for overweight/obesity (prevalence 60%), nonadherence to a DASH‐style diet (prevalence 82%), alcohol use (prevalence 48%), and diuretic use (prevalence 8%) were 44% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 41%, 48%), 9% (95% CI 3%, 16%), 8% (95% CI 5%, 11%), and 12% (95% CI 11%, 14%), respectively, whereas the corresponding variances explained were 8.9%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 5.0%. Our simulation study showed the variance nearing 0% as exposure prevalence neared 100%.ConclusionIn this nationally representative study, 4 modifiable risk factors (BMI, the DASH diet, alcohol use, and diuretic use) could be used to individually account for a notable proportion of hyperuricemia cases. However, the corresponding serum urate variance explained by these risk factors was very small and paradoxically masked their high prevalences, providing real‐life empirical evidence for its limitations in assessing common risk factors.
A Temperature‐Sensitive Luminescent Ag42 Nanocluster Supported by TertButyl Thiol Ligands
Authors: Feng Yu‐Hui , Gao Xiang‐Ling , Shi Ju‐Feng , Zhou Kun , Ji Jiu‐Yu , Bi Yan‐Feng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCompound [Ag42S5(StBu)25(CF3COO)4(CO3)](CO3)0.5⋅CH2Cl2⋅4CH3OH⋅9DMF (1) has been obtained and well defined. It consists of a multi‐shell structure involving two Ag centres, one Ag5S5 pentagram, two Ag5S5 pentagons and one Ag25S15 shell. Compound 1 has been characterized by XPS, FT‐IR, PXRD, TGA, NMR, MS, UV/Vis spectrum, TEM and cyclic voltammetry. Temperature‐sensitive luminescent property of 1 has also been investigated.
Hierarchical inversion‐based output tracking control for uncertain autonomous underwater vehicles using extended Kalman filter
Authors: Wu Hsiu‐Ming , Karkoub Mansour 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this study, a hierarchical inversion‐based output tracking controller (HIOTC) is developed for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) subject to random uncertainties (e.g., current disturbances, unmodeled dynamics, and parameter variations) and noises (e.g., process and measurement noises). The proposed HIOTC respectively utilizes a combination of feedforward and feedback controls in a hierarchical structure based on the kinematic and dynamic models of the system. Moreover, to obtain uncontaminated or unavailable states for implementing the proposed control law, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is employed to estimate the system states. Then, the position outputs, orientation, and velocity of the AUV are reached with guaranteed asymptotic stability. The robustness of the proposed HIOTC is verified through injection of random uncertainties into the system model. The closed‐loop stability of the proposed individual subsystems is respectively guaranteed to have uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) performance based on the Lyapunov stability criteria. In addition, the asymptotic tracking of the overall system is demonstrated using Barbalat's lemma. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme are evaluated through computer simulations and it is shown that the overall system achieves good asymptotic tracking performance.
Calcium ion induced thermodynamic stability, bisubstrate specificity, and differential organic solvent tolerance of a predominantly β‐sheet serine protease from Bacillus aquimaris VITP4
Authors: Thaz Chittoor Jabeena , Jayaraman Gurunathan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe present study was aimed to get insights on the role of calcium ions on the thermodynamic stability, substrate specificity, and organic solvent compatibility of the extracellular protease produced by Bacillus aquimaris VITP4. Presence of Ca2+enhanced the activity of the enzyme in the temperature range of 30–60 °C and increased the half‐life from 164 to 234 Min. Circular dichroism experiments indicated that the temperature of half‐denaturation (Tm) of the protease increased from 76 to 86 °C. As judged by fluorescence emission profiles, the overall fold of the enzyme around the tryptophan residues could be similar. Further, thermal inactivation experiments revealed that the enzyme followed first order kinetics, with increase in energy for inactivation (Eai) by 24.2 ± 1.2 kJ mol −1 in the presence of Ca2+. Studies with synthetic peptides as well as with bovine serum albumin signified preferential hydrolysis of the peptide bonds at the C‐terminus of alanine residues (with a kcat/KM of 141,400 M−1 Sec−1) and at the C‐terminus of arginine residues with a lower specificity (72,400 M−1 Sec−1), indicating bisubstrate specificity of the enzyme. The enzyme was found to be compatible with organic solvents (50%, v/v) such as acetonitrile and butanol, indicating possible application under demanding nonaqueous conditions.
Miconazole alleviates peripheral nerve crush injury by mediating a macrophage phenotype change through the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Zhang Liangliang , Chen Xiuju , Liu Zengyun , Han Qingluan , Tang Liguo , Tian Zhen , Ren Zhiyong , Rong Cunmin , Xu Hui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral nerve injury (PNI) causes motor and sensory defects, has strong impact on life quality and still has no effective therapy. Miconazole is one of the most widely used antifungal drugs; the aims of the study were to investigate the effects of miconazole during sciatic nerve regeneration in a mouse model of sciatic nerve crush injury.MethodsWe established peripheral nerve crush model and investigated the effects of miconazole by multiple aspects. We further studied the potential mechanism of action of miconazole by Western blotting, fluorescence immunohistochemistry, and PCR analysis.ResultsMiconazole improves the symptoms of crushed nerve by improving inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelinating myelin of sciatic nerve. Affected by miconazole, the proportion of inflammatory M1 macrophages in the distal part of the sciatic nerve was reduced, and the proportion of anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophages was increased. Finally, the neuroprotective properties of miconazole may be regulated by the nuclear factor (NF)‐κB pathway.ConclusionsOur data suggest that miconazole can effectively alleviate PNI, and the mechanism involves mediating a phenotype change of M1/ M2 macrophages. Thus, miconazole may represent a potential therapeutic intervention for nerve crush injury.
Sustainable Development Goals as educational tools to raise students' awareness of the rural development of biosphere reserves: A case study of Mount Hakusan Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Mammadova Aida 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBiosphere reserves (BRs) function as learning sites to implement the UN's 2030 Agenda for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, many BRs in Japan now face issues such as depopulation and aging, and without inhabitants and young residents, these regions cannot be called sustainable. In this study, SDGs were used as tools to raise awareness in youth towards the rural issues within BRs. Fieldtrips were conducted in Japan's Mount Hakusan Biosphere Reserve. Based on the 17 SDGs, 17 community service activities were conducted by performing experiential practices in the social, tourism, and industrial sectors of a village. After the fieldtrips, 81% of the students replied that SDGs helped to identify and become aware of local issues. Most students found the lifestyle of the villagers very challenging for youth. SDGs helped students to see the reality of the village and those factors that prevent sustainable development.
Prognostic value of tumor length and diameter for esophageal squamous cell cancer patients treated with definitive (chemo)radiotherapy: Potential indicators for nonsurgical T staging
Authors: Xu Hongyao , Wu Shengxi , Luo Hesan , Chen Chuyun , Lin Lianxing , Huang Hecheng , Xue Renliang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this work was to evaluate the prognostic value of tumor length and diameter for patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) treated with definitive (chemo)radiotherapy to identify potential indicators for separate nonsurgical T staging, which are needed in clinical practice.Materials and MethodsA total of 682 patients with ESCC who underwent definitive (chemo)radiotherapy between 2009 and 2015 were reviewed. Esophageal tumor length and diameter were determined by barium esophagography and computed tomography before treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the impact of tumor length and diameter on long‐term overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was also used to control intergroup heterogeneity.ResultsThe median OS and PFS were 22.2 months and 15.4 months, respectively, in the tumor length ≤ 6 cm group, which were significantly longer than those in the tumor length > 6 cm group (13.4 and 8.5 months, respectively). The median OS and PFS were 23.3 months and 15.9 months, respectively, in the tumor diameter ≤ 3.5 cm group, which were also significantly longer than those in the tumor diameter > 3.5 cm group (13.3 and 8.8 months, respectively). Similar results were found after PSM. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that tumor length and diameter were both independent predictors of long‐term survival.ConclusionTumor length and diameter are both independent prognostic factors for ESCC patients treated with definitive (chemo)radiotherapy. These two imaging parameters have the potential for development and use in nonsurgical T staging.
A journey through a plant cytoskeleton: Hot spots in signaling and functioning
Authors: Blume Yaroslav B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis survey paper contains a brief analysis of publications included in the special issue of the scientific journal Cell Biology International titled “Plant Cytoskeleton Structure, Dynamics and Functions”. The manuscripts in this special issue reflect some new aspects of plant cytoskeleton organization, signaling and functioning, and results from different Ukrainian research groups, and focuses on bringing together scientists working across different instrumental scales.
Replacing the mitral valve alone does not completely fix the heart!
Authors: Zahr Firas , Cigarroa Joaquin E. 
Published: September 2019

Key Points
TMVR for degenerative (stenosis and regurgitation) mitral valve prosthesis (valves and rings) results in immediate and sustainable reduction but not normalization of left atrial pressure.
Concomitant comorbid conditions such as left ventricular diastolic dysfunction adversely impact left atrial pressure and should be treated.
The long‐term impact of postprocedural ASD and patient‐prosthesis mismatch need to be systematically evaluated so we develop the appropriate data to guide decision making as more transeptal mitral procedures are being performed.
Relationship volume‐outcome for transcatheter mitral‐valve repair: When technique matters
Authors: Musumeci Giuseppe , Cinconze Sebastian 
Published: September 2019

Key Points
Edge‐to‐edge mitral repairment is a valid alternative in patient at high surgical risk.
It is important to differentiate outcomes for functional and degenerative mitral regurgitation.
The need of joint efforts to ensure a valid therapeutic pathway for these patients.
Expanding the armamentarium for the treatment of left main disease
Authors: Piccolo Raffaele , Esposito Giovanni 
Published: September 2019

Key Points
The BiOSS LIM stent is a dedicated device for the treatment of bifurcation lesions that present a proximal and distal part with two different diameters and a middle zone with two connecting struts facilitating side branch rewiring.
In this study, after implanting the BiOSS LIM stent in the left main, rewiring to the side branch was easier compared to standard metallic stent.
The device may be very useful in the treatment of bifurcation lesions for provisional stenting strategies or for two‐stent strategies such as T‐stenting or T‐and‐Protruding (TAP).
Reducing radiation dose: Yes I can!
Authors: Nikolakopoulos Ilias , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: September 2019

Key Points
There are multiple ways to reduce radiation dose by: (a) not using radiation unless absolutely needed; (b) utilizing settings that give the lowest possible dose when using radiation; and (c) shielding.
Disposable radiation drapes, such as the SEPARPROCATH® can significantly reduce operator radiation dose.
Radiation is bad for both patient and operator, therefore do something about it, starting with your next case!
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement for oncology patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis: New hope for a complicated medical condition
Authors: Kornowski Ran 
Published: September 2019

Key Points
The clinical scenario of severe AS among patients with cancer diseases poses a growing clinical challenge.
The current study indicates that patients with cancer and severe AS that underwent AVR (predominantly TAVR) survived longer than those without AVR, regardless of the cancer type or treatment.
Patients can benefit from specialized management teams composed of cardiologists and oncologists that can navigate the crisis of severe symptomatic AS during oncology course.
Accessing Enantiopure Epoxides and Sulfoxides: Related Flavin‐Dependent Monooxygenases Provide Reversed Enantioselectivity
Authors: Heine Thomas , Scholtissek Anika , Hofmann Sarah , Koch Rainhard , Tischler Dirk 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEnantiopure organic compounds are of major importance for the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Flavin‐dependent group E monooxygenases, composed of monooxygenase and reductase, are known to perform epoxidation of substituted alkenes as well as sulfoxidation in a regio‐ and enantioselective fashion. Group E is divided into styrene monooxygenases (SMO) and indole monooxygenases (IMO). Hitherto mainly SMOs have been characterized. In this study, we assayed 31 monooxygenases from both types, while 23 of which showed activity. They almost exclusively produced (S)‐styrene oxide at high enantiomeric excess with maximum activities of 0.73 μmol min−1 mg−1 (kcat=0.54 s−1). In case of sulfoxidation, we found that the enantioselectivity is contrary between both types. IMOs preferably produce the (S)‐enantiomer while SMOs have a tendency to produce the (R)‐enantiomer. Sequence analysis and molecular docking of substrates allowed identifying fingerprint motives: SMO N46‐V48‐H50‐Y73‐H76‐S96 and IMO S46‐Q48‐M50‐V/I73‐I76‐A96. These form an essential part of the active site while the loop (AS44‐51) interacts with the co‐substrate and other amino acids direct the substrate. The motives clearly distinguish group E monooxygenases and define the enantioselectivity and thus direct biotechnological applications. Two‐hour biotransformations with several sulfides in conjunction with upscale experiments (10 and 100 mg scale) resulted in the identification of promising candidates for the realization of biocatalytic processes.
Effect of Carbon Support on the Electrocatalytic Properties of Pt−Ru Catalysts
Authors: Hasa Bjorn , Martino Eftychia , Vakros John , Trakakis George , Galiotis Costas , Katsaounis Alexandros 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture are the groups of Alexandros Katsaounis at the Department of Chemical Engineering (University of Patras, Greece) and Costas Galiotis also at the same department and the Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE‐HT, Greece). The cover picture shows schematically the operation of a Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) under hydrogen feeding. The metallic phase of the electrodes (usually Pt and Ru) is usually dispersed on a carbon‐based support. Novel carbon materials (such as carbon nanotubes, biochar and graphene) are used in this study as alternative supports and compared with the state‐of‐the‐art Vulcan XC‐72. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201900566.
Application of Alternating Current Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy in Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Local Visualization of the Electrode Surface
Authors: Liu Dongqing , Zeng Xiaojie , Liu Shuai , Wang Shuwei , Kang Feiyu , Li Baohua 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe electrode surface of aqueous lithium‐ion batteries has been studied with alternating‐current scanning electrochemical microscopy (AC‐SECM), which enables the visualization of microscopic domains with different topography. An equivalent circuit was proposed to analyze the appropriate frequency for the interface image. In addition, AC signals (impedance, current, and phase shift) and measurement conditions, including the tip position, step size, and excitation voltage amplitude, were discussed and statistically treated to optimize the interface visualization parameter. This work not only provides some fundamental knowledge for obtaining high‐resolution AC‐SECM images of the electrode surface in lithium‐ion batteries, but also paves way for the solid electrolyte interphase studies in other battery systems.
Polyol Solvation Effect on Tuning the Universal Growth of Binary Metal Oxide Nanodots@Graphene Oxide Heterostructures for Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Tan Shuangshuang , Pan Yexin , Wei Qiulong , Jiang Yalong , Xiong Fangyu , Yao Xuhui , Cai Zhijun , An Qinyou , Zhou Liang , Mai Liqiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTuning the uniformity and size of binary metal oxide nanodots on graphene oxide (BMO NDs@GO) is significant but full of challenges in wet‐chemistry, owing to the difficulties of controlling the complicated cation/anion co‐adsorption, heterogeneous nucleation, and overgrowth processes. Herein, the aim is to tune these processes by understanding the functions of various alcohol solvents for NDs growth on GO. It is found that the polyol solvation effect is beneficial for obtaining highly uniform BMO NDs@GO. Polyol shell capped metal ions exhibit stronger hydrogen‐bond interactions with the GO surface, leading to a uniform cation/anion co‐adsorption and followed heterogeneous nucleation. The polyol‐solvated ions with large diffusion energy barrier drastically limit the ion diffusion kinetics in liquids and at the solid/liquid interface, resulting in a slow and controllable growth. Moreover, the synthesis in polyol systems is highly controllable and universal, thus eleven BMO and polynary metal oxide NDs@GO are obtained by this method. The synthetic strategy provides improved prospects for the manufacture of inorganic NDs and their expanding electrochemical applications.
2,4,6‐Tri(4‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine: Photoinduced Charge Separation and Photochromism in the Crystalline State
Authors: Zhang Ning‐Ning , Han Yong‐Fang , Du Ming‐Xiu , Sa Rong‐Jian , Wang Ming‐Sheng , Guo Guo‐Cong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract2,4,6‐Tri(4‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (tpt) is a widely used ligand for functional coordination compounds. In this work, tpt has shown unprecedented photochromism in the crystalline state. Experimental and theoretical data has revealed that the photocoloration of tpt very likely originates from intramolecular charge separation and the formation of a triplet diradical product. This finding demonstrates a new simple, neutral photochromic molecule and endows the tpt molecule and related compounds with potential optical applications.