bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MLC901 (NeuroAiD II™) for cognition after traumatic brain injury: a pilot randomized clinical trial
Authors: Theadom A. , Barker‐Collo S. , Jones K. M. , Parmar P. , Bhattacharjee R. , Feigin V. L. 
Published: April 2018

Background and purposeTreatments to facilitate recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are urgently needed. We conducted a 9‐month pilot, randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial to examine the safety and potential effects of the herbal supplement MLC901 (NeuroAiD II™) on cognitive functioning following TBI.MethodsAdults aged 18–65 years at 1–12 months after mild or moderate TBI were randomized to receive MLC901 (0.8 g capsules 3 times daily) or placebo for 6 months. The primary outcome was cognitive functioning as assessed by the CNS Vital Signs online neuropsychological test. Secondary outcomes included the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, the Rivermead Post‐concussion Symptom Questionnaire (neurobehavioral sequelae), Quality of Life after Brain Injury, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Modified Fatigue Impact Scale and extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (physical disability). Assessments were completed at baseline and at 3‐, 6‐ and 9‐month follow‐up. Linear mixed‐effects models were conducted, with the primary outcome time‐point of 6 months.ResultsA total of 78 participants [mean age 37.5 ± 14.8 years, 39 (50%) female] were included in the analysis. Baseline variables were similar between groups (treatment group, n = 36; control group, n = 42). Linear mixed‐effects models controlling for time, group allocation, repeated measurements, adherence and baseline assessment scores revealed significant improvements in complex attention (P = 0.04, d = 0.6) and executive functioning (P = 0.04, d = 0.4) at 6 months in the MLC901 group compared with controls. There were no significant differences between the groups for neurobehavioral sequelae, mood, fatigue, physical disability or overall quality of life at 6 months. No serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionsMLC901 was safe and well tolerated post‐TBI. This study provided Class I/II evidence that, for patients with mild to moderate TBI, 6 months of MLC901 improved cognitive functioning.
Marine invertebrate migrations trace climate change over 450 million years
Authors: Reddin Carl J. , Kocsis Ádám T. , Kiessling Wolfgang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimPoleward migration is a clear response of marine organisms to current global warming but the generality and geographical uniformity of this response are unclear. Marine fossils are expected to record the range shift responses of taxa and ecosystems to past climate change. However, unequal sampling (natural and human) in time and space biases the fossil record, restricting previous studies of ancient migrations to individual taxa and events. We expect that temporal changes in the latitudinal distribution of surviving taxa will reveal range shifts to trace global climate change.LocationGlobal.Time periodPost‐Cambrian Phanerozoic aeon.Major taxa studiedWell‐fossilized marine benthic invertebrates comprising stony corals, bivalves, gastropods, brachiopods, trilobites and calcifying sponges.MethodsWe track deviations in the latitudinal distribution of range centres of age boundary crossing taxa from the expected distribution, and compare responses across latitudes. We build deviation time series, spanning hundreds of million years, from fossil occurrences and test correlations with seawater temperature estimates derived from stable oxygen isotopes of fossils.ResultsSeawater temperature and latitudinal deviations from sampling are positively correlated over the post‐Cambrian Phanerozoic. Simulations suggest that sampling patterns are highly unlikely to drive this putative signal of range shifts. Systematically accounting for known sampling issues strengthens this correlation, so that climate is capable of explaining nearly a third of the variance in ancient latitudinal range shifts. The relationship is stronger in low latitude taxa than higher latitude taxa, and in warm ages than cool ages.Main conclusionsLatitudinal range shifts occurred in concert with climate change throughout the post‐Cambrian Phanerozoic. Low latitude taxa show the clearest climate‐migration signal through time, corroborating predictions of their shift in a warming future.
A 5‐year randomized clinical trial comparing minimally with moderately rough implants in patients with severe periodontitis
Authors: Raes Magalie , D'hondt Rutger , Teughels Wim , Coucke Wim , Quirynen Marc 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimTo compare the clinical and microbiological performance of minimally and moderately rough implants in patients with a history of severe periodontitis.Material and MethodsForty‐eight minimally (Turned surface [Tur]) and moderately (TiUnite surface [TiU]) rough implants were placed in eighteen patients according to a split‐mouth protocol. Marginal bone loss, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BoP) were recorded, and microbial samples were analysed by means of quantitative PCR.ResultsThe amount of bone loss over the 5‐year period tended to be lower along Tur when compared with that of TiU surfaces (1.0 versus 1.7 mm, p = .06). Although the clinical outcomes tended to be better for Tur surfaces, there were no significant differences between both surfaces in mean PPD (Tur: 3.1 versus TiU: 4.2 mm, p = .09) or CAL (Tur: 0.5 versus TiU: 1.7 mm, p = .06). More bone loss and deeper pockets were recorded for partially than for fully edentulous patients. The cumulative survival rate at 5‐year follow‐up was 95.8% for Tur, and 100% for TiU surface implants. No significant differences were found between the surfaces in counts for key pathogens.ConclusionIn patients with a history of severe periodontitis minimally rough implants showed more favourable clinical parameters after 5 years of loading, when compared with moderately rough implants.
Significant differences in maternal child‐feeding style between ethnic groups in the UK: the role of deprivation and parenting styles
Authors: Korani M. , Rea D. M. , King P. F. , Brown A. E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundNonresponsive maternal child‐feeding interactions, such as restricting, pressurising and emotional feeding, can affect the ability of a child to self‐regulate intake and increase the risk of becoming overweight. However, despite findings that South Asian and Black children living in theUKare more likely to be overweight,UKresearch has not considered how maternal child‐feeding style might differ between ethnic groups. The present study aimed to explore variations in maternal child‐feeding style between ethnic groups in theUK, taking into account associated factors such as deprivation and parenting style.MethodsSix hundred and fifty‐nineUKmothers with a child who was aged 5–11 years old completed a questionnaire. Items included ethnicity and demographic data, as well as copies of the Child Feeding Questionnaire, Parental Feeding Styles Questionnaire and Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire.ResultsSignificant differences in perceived responsibility (P= 0.002), restriction (P= 0.026), pressure to eat (P= 0.045), instrumental feeding (P= 0.000) and emotional feeding (P= 0.000) were found between the groups. Mothers from South Asian backgrounds reported higher levels of pressure to eat, emotional feeding and indulgent feeding styles, whereas mothers from Chinese backgrounds reported greater perceived responsibility and restriction. Mothers from Black and White British backgrounds were not significantly higher with respect to any behaviour. Maternal child‐feeding style was also associated with deprivation and parenting style, although these did not fully explain the data.ConclusionsUnderstanding cultural factors behind maternal child‐feeding style, particularly around pressurising and indulgent feeding behaviours, may play an important part in reducing levels of children who are overweight and obese in theUK.
Binding Leaders to the Community: The Ethics of Bolivia's Organic Grassroots
Authors: Bjork‐James Carwil 
Published: April 2018

ResumenLas organizaciones más grandes de movimientos sociales en Bolivia—incluyendo sus sindicatos obreros, comunidades rurales, y organizaciones barriales— están unidos por una estructura organizativa jerárquica y una ética compensatoria que subordina a los líderes a las bases de las que emergen. Esta cosmovisión separa un mundo perdurable y legítimo de organización comunitaria (“lo orgánico”) de un mundo corrompido de partidos políticos, dotado de políticos individualistas e independientes que se involucran en prácticas transaccionales y corruptas (“lo político”). La ética orgánica de base, construyéndose a sí misma como heredera tanto del ayllu como de la revolución dirigida por los trabajadores, genera una economía moral profundamente sentida que moviliza la participación masiva y guía el liderazgo. Esta ética valoran los principios éticos de complementariedad, solidaridad, anti individualismo y participación obligatoria, mezclando la vida ética y política. Centrándose en las historias de vida individuales, este artículo explora los límites morales y las expectativas sociales que la ética de base orgánica impone a los líderes, quienes deben demostrar el desinterés y la subordinación a la comunidad en sus acciones políticas. [ayllu, Bolivia, liderazgo, Movimento al Socialismo, política indígena, sindicalismo]
Explaining accommodation and resistance to demands for independence referendums in the UK and Spain
Authors: Cetrà Daniel , Harvey Malcolm 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article examines why the UK Government accepted the 2014 Scottish independence referendum while the Spanish Government opposes a similar referendum in Catalonia. Adopting a most similar research design, we argue that the variation is best explained by perceived political opportunities by the two ruling parties. These are embedded in different conceptions of the state and constitutional designs, mostly mononational in Spain and mostly plurinational in the UK but multiple and contested in both cases. In Spain, vote‐seeking calculations incentivise the Popular Party to oppose a referendum, while its mononational conception of the state and the Spanish constitutional design provide a further constraint and a discursive justification for their position. In the UK, David Cameron's accommodating position was based on the view that the Scottish referendum was low risk – as support for independence was minimal – with a high reward: the annihilation of the independence demand. The Conservatives have recently adopted a more restrictive position because seeming political advantage has changed. The findings suggest that independence referendums will continue to be rare events.
New insights into the cellular mechanisms of plant growth at elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations
Authors: Gamage Dananjali , Thompson Michael , Sutherland Mark , Hirotsu Naoki , Makino Amane , Seneweera Saman 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) significantly influences plant growth, development, and biomass. Increased photosynthesis rate, together with lower stomatal conductance, has been identified as the key factors that stimulate plant growth at elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]). However, variations in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance alone cannot fully explain the dynamic changes in plant growth. Stimulation of photosynthesis at e[CO2] is always associated with post‐photosynthetic secondary metabolic processes that include carbon and nitrogen metabolism, cell cycle functions, and hormonal regulation. Most studies have focused on photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in response to e[CO2], despite the emerging evidence of e[CO2]'s role in moderating secondary metabolism in plants. In this review, we briefly discuss the effects of e[CO2] on photosynthesis and stomatal conductance and then focus on the changes in other cellular mechanisms and growth processes at e[CO2] in relation to plant growth and development. Finally, knowledge gaps in understanding plant growth responses to e[CO2] have been identified with the aim of improving crop productivity under a CO2 rich atmosphere.
ANTIDANDRUFF POTENTIAL OF Kaempheria galanga ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS FOR HAIR CREAM FORMULATION
Authors: Parjo Nur Bainun , Mohamed Zulkifli Razauden , Md Salleh Madihah , Tencomnao Tewin 
Published: April 2018

The evaluation of Kaempferia galanga, Citrus hystrix and Cinnamomum zeylanicum ethanolic extracts on antifungal activities and zone of inhibition were conducted. The yield for K. galanga, C. hystrix and C. zeylanicum were 0.4, 0.7 and 0.43 % of raw dried samples respectively. All the extracts demonstrated 5 mg/mL MIC with C. zeylanicum, K. galanga and C. hystrix average holozones diameter of 14.5 + 3.8, 12.0 + 1.8 and 12.0 + 0.8 mm after 3 days of incubation respectively with no effect on negative control. On the other hand, Zinc Pyrithione being more potent than imidazaole as a positive control with inhibition of 32.8 + 2.2 and 21.8 + 3.4 respectively. Based on the findings, the anti-fungal hair cream containing K. galanga ethanolic extract was formulated into oil-in-water cream and the physicochemical properties were evaluated. The cream demonstrated desirable characteristic with no separation between oil and water after vigorously shaken at 14,600 rpm for half an hour. Furthermore the viscosity and pH were 543.7 + 19.2 and 5.46 + 0.01 respectively. In conclusion, K galanga ethanolic extract has a potential to be used as an anti-fungal oil in water cream formulation.
Certhrax Is an Antivirulence Factor for the Anthrax-Like Organism Bacillus cereus Strain G9241
Authors: Seldina Yuliya I. , Petro Courtney D. , Servetas Stephanie L. , Vergis James M. , Ventura Christy L. , Merrell D. Scott , O'Brien Alison D. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Bacillus cereus
G9241 caused a life-threatening anthrax-like lung infection in a previously healthy human. This strain harbors two large virulence plasmids, pBCXO1 and pBC210, that are absent from typical
B. cereus
isolates. The pBCXO1 plasmid is nearly identical to pXO1 from
Bacillus anthracis
and carries genes (
pagA1
,
lef
, and
cya
) for anthrax toxin components (protective antigen [called PA1 in G9241], lethal factor [LF], and edema factor [EF], respectively). The plasmid also has an intact hyaluronic acid capsule locus. The pBC210 plasmid has a tetrasaccharide capsule locus, a gene for a PA1 homolog called PA2 (
pagA2
), and a gene (
cer
) for Certhrax, an ADP-ribosyltransferase toxin that inactivates vinculin. LF, EF, and Certhrax require PA for entry into cells. In this study, we asked what role PA1, PA2, LF, and Certhrax play in the pathogenicity of G9241. To answer this, we generated isogenic deletion mutations in the targeted toxin gene components and then assessed the strains for virulence in highly G9241-susceptible (A/J) and moderately G9241-sensitive (C57BL/6) mice. We found that full virulence of G9241 required PA1 and LF, while PA2 contributed minimally to pathogenesis of G9241 but could not functionally replace PA1 as a toxin-binding subunit
in vivo
. Surprisingly, we discovered that Certhrax attenuated the virulence of G9241; i.e., a Δ
cer
Δ
lef
mutant strain was more virulent than a Δ
lef
mutant strain following subcutaneous inoculation of A/J mice. Moreover, the enzymatic activity of Certhrax contributed to this phenotype. We concluded that Certhrax acts as an antivirulence factor in the anthrax-like organism
B. cereus
G9241.
Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty: dissection plane with viscoelastic and air can be different
Authors: Ross Andrew R , Said Dalia G , El-Amin Abdalla , Altaan Saif , Cabrerizo Javier , Nubile Mario , Hogan Emily , Mastropasqua Leonardo , Dua Harminder Singh 
Published: April 2018

AimsTo investigate and define the nature of big bubbles (BB) formed by injection of viscoelastic in deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty.MethodsIntrastromal injections of 0.1 and 0.3 mL of sodium hyaluronate 1.2% and 0.6% were made into sclera-corneal discs (n = 32) at superficial (anterior-third), midstromal (middle-third) and deep (posterior-third) levels to simulate deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. Postinjection optical coherence tomograms (OCT) were obtained with the needle in situ. The samples were sectioned and examined histologically. Twelve control samples were injected with air.ResultsWith superficial injections (n=8) only intrastromal accumulation of viscoelastic was noted. With midstromal injections (n=10) intrastromal accumulation of viscoelastic (n=6) and intrastromal big bubbles (IBB) (n=4) with substantial and variable stromal tissue in the walls were noted. No type 1, type 2 or mixed BB were noted. With deep injections (n=14), type 1 BB (n=4), IBB (n=4) and mixed BB (n=6) were obtained.There was no difference in the results with the two different concentrations of viscoelastic used. With air injection (n=12), 10 type 1 and 1 type 2 BB and 1 mixed BB were obtained. No IBB was noted.ConclusionsBB obtained by injection of viscoelastic and air can be different. The former tends to occur at the site of injection, especially with midstromal injections, takes the form of tissue separation by stretch and tearing and does not cleave in a consistent plane like air. Surgeons should be aware of IBB created by viscodissection and not confuse it for a type1 BB. Intraoperative OCT should help identify IBB.
Longitudinal study of occupational noise exposure and joint effects with job strain and risk for coronary heart disease and stroke in Swedish men
Authors: Eriksson Helena Pernilla , Andersson Eva , Schiöler Linus , Söderberg Mia , Sjöström Mattias , Rosengren Annika , Torén Kjell 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesThe aims were to investigate whether occupational noise increased the risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke and to elucidate interactions with stressful working conditions in a cohort of Swedish men.DesignThis is a prospective cohort study on CHD and stroke in Swedish men followed until death, hospital discharge or until 75 years of age, using Swedish national registers on cause of death and hospital discharges. Baseline data on occupation from 1974 to 1977 were used for classification of levels of occupational noise and job demand-control. Cox regression was used to analyse HRs for CHD and stroke.SettingSwedish men born in 1915–1925.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCHD and stroke.ParticipantsThe participants of the study were men from the Primary Prevention Study, a random sample of 10 000 men born in 1915–1925 in Gothenburg. Subjects with CHD or stroke at baseline or were not employed were excluded. The remaining subjects with complete baseline data on occupation, weight, height, hypertension, diabetes, serum cholesterol and smoking constituted the study sample (5753 men).ResultsThere was an increased risk for CHD in relation to noise levels 75–85 dB(A) and >85 dB(A) compared with <75 dB(A) (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.31, and HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.63, respectively). Exposure to noise peaks also increased the risk for CHD (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.38). Among those with high strain (high demands and low control) combined with noise >75 dB(A), the risk for CHD further increased (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.73). There was no significantly increased risk for stroke in any noise category.ConclusionsExposure to occupational noise was associated with an increased risk for CHD and the risk further increased among those with concomitant exposure to high strain. None of the analysed variables were related to increased risk for stroke.
Mechanistic Insights of an Immunological Adverse Event Induced by an Anti-KIT Antibody Drug Conjugate and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: L'Italien Lawrence , Orozco Olivia , Abrams Tinya , Cantagallo Lisa , Connor Anu , Desai Jayesh , Ebersbach Hilmar , Gelderblom Hans , Hoffmaster Keith , Lees Emma , Maacke Heiko , Schleyer Siew , Skegro Darko , Lee-Hoeflich Si Tuen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurpose: Hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) were observed in three patients dosed in a phase I clinical trial treated with LOP628, a KIT targeted antibody drug conjugate. Mast cell degranulation was implicated as the root cause for the HSR. Underlying mechanism of this reported HSR was investigated with an aim to identifying potential mitigation strategies.Experimental Design: Biomarkers for mast cell degranulation were evaluated in patient samples and in human peripheral blood cell-derived mast cell (PBC-MC) cultures treated with LOP628. Mitigation strategies interrogated include pretreatment of mast cells with small molecule inhibitors that target KIT or signaling pathways downstream of FcϵR1, FcγR, and treatment with Fc silencing antibody formats.Results: Transient elevation of serum tryptase was observed in patients 1-hour posttreatment of LOP628. In agreement with the clinical observation, LOP628 and its parental antibody LMJ729 induced degranulation of human PBC-MCs. Unexpectedly, KIT small molecule inhibitors did not abrogate mast cell degranulation. By contrast, small molecule inhibitors that targeted pathways downstream of Fc receptors blunted degranulation. Furthermore, interference of the KIT antibody to engage Fc receptors by pre-incubation with IgG or using engineered Fc silencing mutations reduced or prevented degranulation. Characterization of Fcγ receptors revealed human PBC-MCs expressed both FcγRII and low levels of FcγRI. Interestingly, increasing the level of FcγRI upon addition of IFNγ, significantly enhanced LOP628-mediated mast cell degranulation.Conclusions: Our data suggest LOP628-mediated mast cell degranulation is the likely cause of HSR observed in the clinic due to co-engagement of the FcγR and KIT, resulting in mast cell activation. Clin Cancer Res; 24(14); 3465–74. ©2018 AACR.
Cultures of Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Szerszynskiand Bronislaw , Urry John 
Published: April 2018

This paper is concerned with whether a ‘culture of cosmopolitanism’ is currently emerging out of massively wide-ranging ‘global’ processes. The authors develop certain theoretical components of such a culture, they consider ongoing research concerned with belongingness to different geographical entities including the ‘world as a whole’, and they present their own empirical research findings. From their media research they show that there is something that could be called a ‘banal globalism’, from focus group research they show that there is a wide awareness of the ‘global’ but that this is combined in complex ways with notions of the local and grounded, and from media interviews they demonstrate that there is a reflexive awareness of a culture of the cosmopolitan. On the basis of their data from the UK, they conclude that a ‘publicly screened’ cosmopolitan culture is emergent and likely to orchestrate much of social and political life in future decades. The need for a constantly changing market chases the bourgeoisie over the whole surface of the globe. It must settle everywhere, establish connexions everywhere … the bourgeoisie has through its exploitation of the world market give a cosmopolitan character to production and consumption in every country … The individual creations of individual nations become common property. National one-sidedness and narrow-mindedness become more and more impossible (Marx and Engels, [1848] 1952: 46–7; emphasis added)