bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired conical design for efficient water collection from fog
Authors: Gurera Dev , Bhushan Bharat 
Published: June 2019

Nature is known for using conical shapes to transport the collected water from fog for consumption or storage. The curvature gradient of the conical shape creates a Laplace pressure gradient in the water droplets which drives them towards the region of lower curvature. Linear cones with linearly increasing radii have been studied extensively. A smaller tip angle cone transports water droplets farther because of higher Laplace pressure gradient. Whereas a larger tip angle with a larger surface slope transports water droplets because of higher gravitational forces. In this study, for the first time, a nonlinear cone with a concave profile has been designed with small tip angle and nonlinearly increasing radius to maximize water collection.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology (part 2)’.
In vivostructural dynamic analysis of the dragonfly wing: the effect of stigma as its modulator
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kumar Navin , Das Rakesh , Lakhani Piyush , Bhushan Bharat 
Published: June 2019

The flapping of the dragonfly forewing underin vivocondition has been analysed by image correlation technique to get an insight of its structural dynamics. The modal parameters such as flapping frequency, natural frequencies, mode shapes and modal strain have been obtained that will facilitate the biomimetic design of wings for micro air vehicles. The stigma, which is a pigmented spot at the leading edge of the wing near the tip having heavier mass, takes an active role in the real-time flapping by shaping its trajectory as eight-shaped, which enhances the drag coefficient and stroke efficiency. The extra mass on it and its removal transformed the trajectory into two different elliptical and oval shapes, respectively, which reduced the drag coefficient and stroke efficiency of the flapping wing by altering the flapping kinematics.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology (part 2)’.
Auxin promotion of seedling growth via ARF5 is dependent on the brassinosteroid-regulated transcription factors BES1 and BEH4
Authors: Galstyan Anahit , Nemhauser Jennifer L 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSeedlings must continually calibrate their growth in response to the environment. Auxin and brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant hormones that work together to control growth responses during photomorphogenesis. We used our previous analysis of promoter architecture in an auxin and BR target gene to guide our investigation into the broader molecular bases and biological relevance of transcriptional co-regulation by these hormones. We found that the auxin-regulated transcription factor AUXIN RESPONSIVE FACTOR 5 (ARF5) and the brassinosteroid-regulated transcription factor BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESOR 1/BRASSINOZOLERESISTANT 2 (BES1) co-regulated a subset of growth promoting genes via conserved bipartite cis-regulatory elements. Moreover, ARF5 binding to DNA could be enriched by increasing BES1 levels. The evolutionary loss of bipartite elements in promoters results in loss of hormone responsiveness. We also identified another member of the BES1/BZR1 family called BEH4 that acts partially redundantly with BES1 to regulate seedling growth. Double mutant analysis showed that BEH4 and not BZR1 were required alongside BES1 for normal auxin response during early seedling development. We propose that an ARF5-BES1/BEH4 transcriptional module acts to promote growth via modulation of a diverse set of growth-associated genes.
The unjamming transition is distinct from the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Mitchel Jennifer A. , Das Amit , O’Sullivan Michael J. , Stancil Ian T. , DeCamp Stephen J. , Koehler Stephan , Butler James P. , Fredberg Jeffrey J. , Nieto M. Angela , Bi Dapeng , Park Jin-Ah 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEvery organ surface and body cavity is lined by a confluent collective of epithelial cells. In homeostatic circumstances the epithelial collective remains effectively solid-like and sedentary. But during morphogenesis, remodeling or repair, as well as during malignant invasion or metastasis, the epithelial collective becomes fluid-like and migratory1–4. This conversion from sedentary to migratory behavior has traditionally been understood as a manifestation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) or the partial EMT (pEMT)5–8. However, in certain contexts this conversion has been attributed to the recently discovered unjamming transition (UJT), in which epithelial cells move collectively and cooperatively9–11. UJT and pEMT share certain aspects of collective cellular migration, but the extent to which these processes are distinct, overlapping or perhaps even identical has remained undefined. Using the confluent layer of well-differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, here we triggered UJT by exposing the sedentary layer to mechanical compression9–12. Cells thereafter migrated cooperatively, aligned into packs locally, and elongated systematically. Nevertheless, cell-cell junctions, apico-basal polarity, and barrier function remained intact in response, and mesenchymal markers remained unapparent. As such, pEMT was not evident. When we triggered pEMT and associated cellular migration by exposing the sedentary layer to TGF-β1, metrics of UJT versus pEMT diverged. To account for these striking physical observations a new mathematical model attributes the effects of pEMT mainly to diminished junctional tension but attributes those of UJT mainly to augmented cellular propulsion. Together, these findings establish that UJT is sufficient to account for vigorous epithelial layer migration even in the absence of pEMT. Distinct gateways to cellular migration therefore become apparent – UJT as it might apply to migration of epithelial sheets, and EMT/pEMT as it might apply to migration of mesenchymal cells on a solitary or collective basis, activated during development, remodeling, repair or tumor invasion. Through the actions of UJT and pEMT working independently, sequentially, or interactively, living tissue is therefore seen to comprise an active engineering material whose modules for plasticity, self-repair and regeneration, are far richer than had been previously appreciated.
Protective microbiomes can limit the evolution of host pathogen defense
Authors: Metcalf C. Jessica E. , Koskella Britt 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe evolution of host immunity occurs in the context of the microbiome, but little theory exists to predict how resistance against pathogens might be influenced by the need to tolerate and regulate commensal microbiota. We present a general model to explore the optimal investment in host immunity under conditions in which the host can, versus cannot easily distinguish among commensal versus pathogenic bacteria; and when commensal microbiota can, versus cannot protect the host against the impacts of pathogen infection. We find that a loss of immune vigilance associated with innate immunity over evolutionary time can occur due to the challenge of discriminating between pathogenic and other microbe species. Further, we find the greater the protective effect of microbiome species, acting either directly or via competition with a pathogen, or the higher the costs of immunity, the more likely the loss of immune vigilance is. Conversely, this effect can be reversed when pathogens increase host mortality. Generally, the magnitude of costs of immunity required to allow evolution of decreased immune vigilance are predicted to be lowest when microbiome and pathogen species most resemble each other (in terms of host recognition), and when immune effects on the pathogen are weak. Our model framework makes explicit the core trade-offs likely to shape the evolution of immunity in the context of microbiome / pathogen discrimination. We discuss how this informs interpretation of patterns and process in natural systems, including vulnerability to pathogen emergence.Impact SummaryEvidence for impacts of the microbiome on host health is accumulating. Despite this, little theory has been developed to delineate the evolutionary trajectories that might lead to observed host-microbiome associations. One particularly important theoretical gap is evaluating how the presence and effects of microbiome species modify selection pressure on immune system function. We develop a simple model of host fitness given both immune discrimination and microbiome and pathogen effects on survival, in the context of an interaction between the microbiome and pathogen species. We use this framework to predict when and to what degree the presence of microbiome species might lead to loss of immune vigilance. Positive microbiome effects can drive loss of immune vigilance, whether the microbiome acts directly on pathogen growth or indirectly by reducing the impacts of pathogens; and high costs of immunity will amplify this effect. Our results provide a first set of predictions regarding how immunity should evolve given the challenge of discriminating pathogen and microbiome species, and reveals the ways in which this might leave hosts vulnerable to novel pathogens.
A simple pressure-assisted method for MicroED specimen preparation
Authors: Zhao Jingjing , Xu Hongyi , Lebrette Hugo , Carroni Marta , Taberman Helena , Högbom Martin , Zou Xiaodong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMicro-crystal electron diffraction (MicroED) has shown great potential for structure determination of macromolecular crystals too small for X-ray diffraction. However, specimen preparation remains a major bottleneck. Here, we report a simple method for preparing MicroED specimens, named Preassis, in which excess liquid is removed through an EM grid with the assistance of pressure. We show the ice thicknesses can be controlled by tuning the pressure in combination with EM grids with appropriate hole sizes. Importantly, Preassis can handle a wide range of protein crystals grown in various buffer conditions including those with high viscosity, as well as samples with low crystal contents. Preassis is a simple and universal method for MicroED specimen preparation, and will significantly broaden the applications of MicroED.
Use of a mechanistic growth model in evaluating post-restoration habitat quality for juvenile salmonids
Authors: Polivka Carlos M. , Mihaljevic Joseph R. , Dwyer Greg 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIndividual growth data are useful in assessing relative habitat quality, but this approach is less common when evaluating the efficacy of habitat restoration. Furthermore, available models describing growth are infrequently combined with computational approaches capable of handling large data sets. We apply a mechanistic model to evaluate whether selection of restored habitat can affect individual growth. We used mark-recapture to collect size and growth data on sub-yearling Chinook salmon and steelhead in restored and unrestored habitat in five sampling years (2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2016). Modeling strategies differed for the two species: For Chinook, we compared growth patterns of individuals recaptured in restored habitat over 15-60 d with those not recaptured regardless of initial habitat at marking. For steelhead, we had enough recaptured fish in each habitat type to use the model to directly compare habitats. The model generated spatially explicit growth parameters describing size of fish over the growing season in restored vs. unrestored habitat. Model parameters showed benefits of restoration for both species, but that varied by year and time of season, consistent with known patterns of habitat partitioning among them. The model was also supported by direct measurement of growth rates in steelhead and by known patterns of spatio-temporal partitioning of habitat between these two species. Model parameters described not only the rate of growth, but the timing of size increases, and is spatially explicit, accounting for habitat differences, making it widely applicable across taxa. The model usually supported data on density differences among habitat types in Chinook, but only in a couple of cases in steelhead. Modeling growth can thus prevent overconfidence in distributional data, which are commonly used as the metric of restoration success.
Zebrafish spinal cord repair is accompanied by transient tissue stiffening
Authors: Möllmert Stephanie , Kharlamova Maria A. , Hoche Tobias , Taubenberger Anna V. , Abuhattum Shada , Kuscha Veronika , Kurth Thomas , Brand Michael , Guck Jochen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSevere injury to the mammalian spinal cord results in permanent loss of function due to the formation of a glial-fibrotic scar. Both the chemical composition and the mechanical properties of the scar tissue have been implicated to inhibit neuronal regrowth and functional recovery. By contrast, adult zebrafish are able to repair spinal cord tissue and restore motor function after complete spinal cord transection owing to a complex cellular response that includes neurogenesis and axon regrowth. The mechanical mechanisms contributing to successful spinal cord repair in adult zebrafish are, however, currently unknown. Here, we employ AFM-enabled nano-indentation to determine the spatial distributions of apparent elastic moduli of living spinal cord tissue sections obtained from uninjured zebrafish and at distinct time points after complete spinal cord transection. In uninjured specimens, spinal gray matter regions were stiffer than white matter regions. During regeneration after transection, the spinal cord tissues displayed a significant increase of the respective apparent elastic moduli that transiently obliterated the mechanical difference between the two types of matter, before returning to baseline values after completion of repair. Tissue stiffness correlated variably with cell number density, oligodendrocyte interconnectivity, axonal orientation, and vascularization. The presented work constitutes the first quantitative mapping of the spatio-temporal changes of spinal cord tissue stiffness in regenerating adult zebrafish and provides the tissue mechanical basis for future studies into the role of mechanosensing in spinal cord repair.
The impact of rainfall on drinking water quality in Antananarivo, Madagascar
Authors: Bastaraud Alexandra , Perthame Emeline , Rakotondramanga Jean-Marius , Mahazosaotra Jackson , Ravaonindrina Noro , Jambou Ronan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLow-income cities that are subject to high population pressure and vulnerable to climate events often have a low capacity to continuously deliver safe drinking water. Here we report the findings of a 32-year investigation of the temporal dynamics of indicators of drinking water quality in the city of Antananarivo, where we assess the long-term evolution of supplied water quality and characterize the interactions between climate conditions and the full-scale supply system. A total of 25,467 water samples were collected every week at different points in the supplied drinking water system. Samples were analyzed for total coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli (EC), intestinal Enterococci (IE), and spores of Clostridia (SSRC). Nine-hundred-eighty-one samples that were identified as positive for one or more indicators were unevenly distributed across the series. The breakpoint method identified four periods when the time series displayed changes in the level and profile of contamination (i) and the monthly pattern of contamination (ii), with more direct effects of rainfall on the quality of supplied drinking water. The modeling showed significantly different lags among indicators of bacteria occurrence after cumulative rainfall, which range from 4 to 8 weeks. Among the effects of low-income urbanization, a rapid demographic transition and urban watershed degradation are progressively affecting the quality of supplied water and resulting in the more direct effects of rainfall events.
Perceived human resource management and presenteeism
Authors: Haque Amlan , Fernando Mario , Caputi Peter 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating effect of employee turnover intentions (ETI) on the relationship between perceived human resource management (PHRM) and presenteeism. The notion of presenteeism is described as coming to work when unwell and unable to work with full capacity.Design/methodology/approachUsing social exchange theory and structured equation modelling, hypotheses were tested using responses from 200 full-time Australian employees.FindingsThe results show that employees’ PHRM significantly influenced presenteeism and ETI. As predicted, PHRM negatively influenced presenteeism and ETI positively influenced presenteeism. The direct influence of PHRM on presenteeism was fully mediated by ETI.Practical implicationsThis paper suggests that organisations expecting to address presenteeism by promoting PHRM may experience an adverse result when employees conceal turnover intentions.Social implicationsForm the perspective of social exchange, this study focuses on ETI as a mediating variable and sheds light on employees’ hidden attitudes about their jobs to explain how PHRM can influence presenteeism in Australia. Consequently, the findings should help both organisations and employees to identify ways that PHRM can reduce presenteeism.Originality/valueThis paper examines the unique meditational role of ETI in the relationship between PHRM and presenteeism, which is an area of inquiry that has not been fully examined in the literature of HRM. In addition, it examines presenteeism among Australian employees in relation to PHRM.
Lean and Green: practices, paradigms and future prospects
Authors: Marco-Ferreira Antonio , Stefanelli Nelson Oliveira , Seles Bruno Michel Roman Pais , Fidelis Reginaldo 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the conceptual framework related to the Lean and Green practices, paradigms, future prospects and problems, indicating points of convergence and divergence between them.Design/methodology/approachBased on this premise, through vast literature systematization, the authors sought to categorize studies in order to consolidate constructs, reinforcing aspects regarding the positive and negative approaches and pointing out the gaps in the current state of the art. Broad literature systematization was carried out; the authors found 107 articles published between 2014 and 2018, separated into 10 categories.FindingsThe main constructs confirmed are the positive approximation of the Lean and Green union, evidenced by studies premised on the independent variable category demonstrating that their union influences other environmental performance variables.Research limitations/implicationsThe present research is a systematization of the literature, so its results have to be confirmed by other studies.Practical implicationsThe study supports the Lean and Green theme, confirming converging issues between the two areas and launching new topics for future research.Social implicationsThe study contributed to the environmental theme by confirming synergies of the Lean and Green union and presenting new research themes.Originality/valueTo assert that Lean and Green systems union is sustainable, with regard to the tripod of sustainability, more studies on the social category are necessary.
Resilience and resisting resilience: ethnographies in neoliberal L’Aquila post-earthquake
Authors: Ciccaglione Rita 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationships between neoliberal institutional management of the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake and the local dwelling practices, which consequently originated in the new urban layout.Design/methodology/approachIt presents itself as a post-catastrophe ethnography carried out from a specific approach, that is, the street ethnography that consists of collecting the practices and discourses of inhabitants, administrators, experts and commercial operators, which take place on or around the street.FindingsIllustrating the stages from the declaration of the state of emergency to the expertise-proposed reconstruction models, it shows the differences between resilient strategies and policies of urban management and resistant dwelling practices that are analyzed progressively focusing on a particular social group: the teenagers of the alleys.Research limitations/implicationsDescending in the alleys means to take a micro-sight that ables to identify present living paths.Practical implicationsBased on a long fieldwork, it bridges the gap between “theories” and practices, and it highlights those fields of action that despite being dominated by wide-ranging disaster management and urban planning logics bring out the work of social life in reweaving its threads in contexts of crisis.Social implicationsPaying attention to a social portion that often escapes from ethnographic investigation, this study has the merit of dealing with teenagers in this kind of situation.Originality/valueIndeed, this part of society and its creative “culture” receive the focus of a few studies, especially in case of catastrophes.
Out-of-body experience
Authors: Adams-Clark Alexis A. , Rosenthal Marina N. , Freyd Jennifer J. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Although prior research has indicated that posttraumatic stress symptoms may result from sex-based harassment, limited research has targeted a key posttraumatic outcome – dissociation. Dissociation has been linked to experiences of betrayal trauma and institutional betrayal; sex-based harassment is very often a significant betrayal creating a bind for the target. The purpose of this paper is to extend existing research by investigating the relationship between sex-based harassment, general dissociation, sexual dissociation and sexual communication.

Design/methodology/approach
This exploratory study utilized self-report measures from a sample of male and female Oregon residents using Amazon Mechanical Turk (N=582).

Findings
Results of regression analyses indicated that harassment statistically predicted higher general dissociation, higher sexual dissociation and less effective sexual communication, even after controlling for prior sexual trauma experiences. Results did not indicate any significant interactions between gender and harassment.

Practical implications
When considering the effects of sex-based harassment on women and men, clinicians and institutional organizations should consider the role of dissociation as a possible coping mechanism for harassment.

Originality/value
These correlational findings provide evidence that sex-based harassment is uniquely associated with multiple negative psychological outcomes in men and women.
Examining operational wastes within Greek banking operations
Authors: Allen Robert Anthony , Panagoulis Giannis , White Gareth Reginald Terence 
Published: June 2019

PurposeIn order to address operational effectiveness in the banking sector caused by the 2008 global economic crisis, the purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of operational wastes that exist within four large Greek banks.Design/methodology/approachA Delphi study was undertaken with ten managers and ten employees.FindingsThe waste of underutilised people is found to be the dominant form of waste present and affecting the efficiency of banking operations, and managers and employees consider the waste of underutilised people as having a significant influence on the efficiency of the banking sector.Practical implicationsThis has implications for managers of banking operations needing to address efficiencies in an increasingly competitive global economic environment. The paper also highlights the drawbacks of analysing typologies of waste across organisations and industrial sectors.Originality/valueWhile some studies have examined the overall efficiency banking sector, to date, none has explored the nature of the inefficiencies that manifest as waste.