bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis, and Preliminary Bioactivity Evaluation of 2,7-Substituted Carbazole Derivatives as Potent Autotaxin Inhibitors and Antitumor Agents†
Authors: Wang Wenming , Zhao Fengmei , Zhao Yarui , Pan Weiwei , Cao Pengcheng , Wu Lintao , Wang Zhijun , Zhao Xuan , Zhao Yi , Wang Hongfei 
Published: September 2018

Background:Autotaxin-LPA signaling has been implicated in cancer progression, and targeted for the discovery of cancer therapeutic agents.Objective:Potential ATX inhibitors were synthesized to develop novel leading compounds and effective anticancer agents.Methods:The present work designs and synthesizes a series of 2,7-subsitituted carbazole derivatives with different terminal groups R [R = -Cl (I), -COOH (II), -B(OH)2 (III), or -PO(OH)2 (I-IV)]. The inhibition of these compounds on the enzymatic activity of ATX was measured using FS-3 and Bis-pNpp as substrates, and the cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated using SW620, SW480, PANC-1, and SKOV-3 human carcinoma cells. Furthermore, the binding of leading compound with ATX was analyzed by molecular docking.Results:Compound III was shown to be a promising antitumor candidate by demonstrating both good inhibition of ATX enzymatic activity and high cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines. Molecular docking study shows that compound III is located in a pocket, which mainly comprises amino acids 209 to 316 in domain 2 of ATX, and binds with these residues of ATX through van der Waals, conventional hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.Conclusion:Compound III with the terminal group R = -B(OH)2 has the most potent inhibitory effect with the greatest cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Moreover, the docking model provides a structural basis for the future optimization of promising antitumor compounds.
Protective Effects of Downregulating Estrogen Receptor Alpha Expression in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Yu Ping , Wang Yuping , Li Chuanxun , Lv Li , Wang Jihong 
Published: September 2018

Background:
The cause of cervical cancer can be traced to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) along with
other, nonviral factors. The uterine cervix is reactive to hormones, and female hormones have been implicated in
cervical cancer pathogenesis. Previous studies have indicated that malignant cervical cells tend to lose Estrogen
Receptor alpha (ER-α) expression in the cervical epithelium while maintaining ER-α expression in the stromal cells.

Method:
We searched the Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and Wiley Online Library databases to identify potentially
relevant articles up to July 4, 2018. Keywords include uterine cervical neoplasms; receptors, estrogen; estrogen
receptor alpha; estrogen receptor modulators; estrogens; cervical cancer and estrogen receptor.

Result:
Discussions on molecular transitions and drug therapies offer insights into cervical cancer and the functions
of estrogen receptors. We focus on molecular transitions and drug therapies for cervical cancer and ER-α targets.
Finally, the targeting of downstream gene products and/or receptors to aid in cervical cancer prevention and therapy
is discussed.

Conclusion:
Downregulating ER-α expression may be a potential treatment regimen for cervical cancer patients and
will be of great significance for patients with cervical cancer who are receiving conventional treatment for nonsurgical
treatments.
Hubungan Bobot Telur dan Indeks Telur dengan Bobot Tetas Itik Dabung di Kabupaten Bangkalan
Authors: Okatama Mahardika Setya , Maylinda Sucik , Nurgiartiningsih V.M Ani 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACKBangkalan Regency has a potensial local Dabung duck. A study was conducted on the duck eggs, including egg weight, egg index and hatching weight. This study aims to determine the relationship between egg weight and egg index with hatching weight. The research material was 150 eggs of Dabung duck. The origin of eggs was from the parent duck with the ageÂ Â±7-9 months and the age ofÂ eggs was 1-5 days. Research methods the experiment with how to incubate Dabung duck eggs in a simple to use machine incubate. Dabung duck analysis result showed average egg weight 63,65g/egg, egg index 76,50% and hatching weight 43,03g/tail. Positive correlation relationship between egg weight with hatching weight and give a real influence (P<0.05), while the egg index with hatching weight shows a positive correlation relationship and shows real influence (P<0.05). The results of the regression analysis (A) shows Dabung duck egg weight with hatching weight Y=-1.809+0.704X. Results of a regression analysis (A) shows the egg index with hatching weights Y=10.619+0.424X. Regression coefficient of the egg weight and the egg index are positive. Results of the regression analysis (B) of egg weight and eggs index with hatching weight Y=-16.312+0.694X1+0.198X2. Regression coefficients are positive. Result showed that Dabung duck has average egg weight 63.65 g/egg, egg index 76.50% and hatching weight 43.03g/tail. Correlation between egg weight and egg index with hatching weight was significant (P<0,05). Regression (A) and (B) in Dabung duck indicate the of the relationship of egg weight and egg index to hatching weight is positive.Â Keywords :Â
Ciencia-Tecnología-Sociedad: a diez años de iniciada la corriente
Authors: Garritz Andoni 
Published: September 2018

<p>Este escrito reúne los objetivos globales de la reforma educacional Ciencia Tecnología-Sociedad. También describe algunos ejemplos exitosos de la misma. Finalmente, se analiza la conexión de este enfoque de enseñanza de las ciencias con la interpretación constructivista del aprendizaje y se presentan algunas recomendaciones. </p>
Organic chemistry The last fifty years
Authors: Eliel Ernest J. 
Published: September 2018

<div>The first question the reader might ask Why only organic chemistry? and why only the second half of the 20th century? One answer is to say that 1 am an organic chemist and that, since my independent career started in 1948, 1 arn a professional witness only to what happened in the second half of this century. But there are more cogent answers to the two questions. Were 1 to try to cover al1 of chemistry of the entire century with its many advances, for example in chemical instrumentation, this article would become entirely unwieldy.</div><div> </div>
A brief history of Nitrogen fixation
Authors: Leigh George J. 
Published: September 2018

<div>Nitrogen furation has been a subject of great interest to chemists for the best part of a century. As a chemical problem it is possibly unique because the research has really been led by biologists for most of this time. Currently it is being studied by a wide range of scientists of many different stripes, and the interplay between them lends fascination to the topic. Even more, nitrogen futation has been used by humans for at least two thousand years even though the primitive agriculturalists could not have been aware of what was going on.</div><div> </div>
Amontons y la construcción de la idea de la existencia de un cero absoluto
Authors: Madeiros Alexandre , López Ruíz Carlos Antonio 
Published: September 2018

<div>La idea de la existencia de un cero absoluto en la naturaleza aparece frecuentemente en los libros de ciencia casi siempre asociada, exclusivamente, al nombre de Lord Kelvin. Algunos textos hacen, igualmente, breves referencias a otros importantes personajes del siglo XIX, como, por ejemplo, Rankine, Gay-Lussac y, con mucho menor frecuencia, a Henry-Victor Regnault. Rarísimos son los casos que, sin embargo, mencionan la intuición pionera, aun en el siglo XVII, de Guillaume Amontons. Este artículo es una tentativa de rescatar un poco de la historia y de las ideas de este ilustre mas desconocido personaje, así como de mostrar cómo sus intuiciones pueden ser, aún hoy, de una gran utilidad en las aulas de química y de física.</div><div> </div>
Uso de los servicios de urgencias en Bogotá, Colombia: Un análisis desde el Triaje
Authors: Rodríguez-Páez Fredy Guillermo , Jiménez-Barbosa Wilson Giovanni , Palencia-Sánchez Francisco 
Published: September 2018

Introducción: Los servicios de urgencias son puntos críticos para la calidad de la atención. Comprender los motivos de su uso aporta al mejoramiento de los sistemas de salud. Objetivo: Se describieron las características de afiliados al régimen contributivo que usaron servicios de urgencias en tres hospitales de nivel III de complejidad en Bogotá, así como las impresiones diagnósticas y distribución cronológica de la demanda, de acuerdo con los datos obtenidos al momento de ser clasificados en el Triaje. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, con base en registros de Triaje en el lapso comprendido entre 1 de octubre de 2012 a 31 de marzo de 2013. Resultados: Un tercio de los registros fueron clasificados como consultas médicas no urgentes; el día lunes tuvo el mayor número de atenciones; las urgencias tuvieron un comportamiento diurno; variables como: sexo femenino, condición de afiliación como cotizante al sistema de salud y tener edad para trabajar, se asociaron con diferencias en la clasificación del Triaje al momento de demandar las urgencias. Conclusión: El uso de los servicios de urgencias está influenciado por la relación entre: características demográficas, condición de afiliación al sistema de salud y clasificación del Triaje.
Relaciones de pareja como factor relacionado con la práctica del autoexamen de mama en estudiantes universitarias
Authors: Martín-Díaz Anaid Guadalupe , Campos-Uscanga Yolanda , Gutiérrez-Sida Claudia 
Published: September 2018

Introducción: Existe controversia sobre la relación entre las creencias y la realización de la autoexploración mamaria en las mujeres y se carece de estudios que muestren la influencia que las parejas pueden tener en dicha práctica. Objetivo: Identificar si existe asociación entre el autoexamen de mama, los estilos de vida, las creencias en salud y las relaciones de pareja en estudiantes universitarias. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal con 284 mujeres estudiantes de la Universidad Veracruzana. Se aplicó el cuestionario de Creencias en salud hacia el autoexamen de mama y un cuestionario de datos personales. Resultados: La media de edad fue 20,32 años. Solo 19,7% de las estudiantes reportaron realizar el autoexamen de mama de manera mensual. Las mujeres que no tenían pareja mostraron mayores barreras hacia el autoexamen y menores beneficios percibidos. La edad favoreció la realización del autoexamen de mama, mientras que las barreras percibidas lo limitaron. Por su parte, tener pareja se asoció con menores barreras y mayores beneficios percibidos hacia el autoexamen. Conclusiones: Existe baja realización del autoexamen en las estudiantes a pesar del conocimiento que poseen del mismo. Tener pareja disminuye las barreras percibidas hacia la realización del autoexamen de mama.
Small Bowel Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome in Patients with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Potskhverashvili N. D. , Zolnikova O. Yu. , Kokina N. I. , Dzhakhaya N. L. , Sedova A. V. , Bueverova E. L. , Trukhmanov A. S. 
Published: September 2018

Aim.  This work is aimed at studying the role of the small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome (SBBOS) in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma (BA).Materials and methods.  The study included 80 BA patients (45 and 35 patients allergic and non-allergic BA forms, respectively). Conventional laboratory and instrumental studies were conducted. SBBOS was confirmed by a hydrogen breath test with lactulose. Patients received conventional basal therapy with combined drugs (long-acting β2-adrenomimetics, and inhaled glucocorticoids). For SBBOS treatment, rifaximin (23 patients) or rifaximin followed by probiotic (B. bifidum, B. longum, B. infantis, L. rhamnosus) for 1 month (22 patients) was administered. Control studies were conducted on the 14th day and following 1 month of treatment.Results. A frequent combination of the small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome and bronchial asthma was revealed. 67 % and 43 % of the patients with the allergic form and non-allergic asthma form, respectively, are shown to suffer from SBBOS, p = 0.028. High levels of IgE (p < 0.01) and eosinophils in sputum (p < 0.001), combined with severe impairment of the function of external respiration (p < 0.01) in the case of SBBOS with allergic asthma reflect a more pronounced degree of sensitization of these patients. The correction of composition disorders of the intestinal microflora is accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in the immune response (p < 0.01) and improvement in the function of external respiration (p < 0.001).Conclusion.  SBBOS is a significant factor, aggravating the course of bronchial asthma and playing an important role in the development and maintenance of sensitization of patients.
Efektivitas Program Nusantara Sehat Pada Puskesmas Tanjung Beringin, Kecamatan Tanjung Beringin Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai
Authors: Simanjuntak Ardi Taufik , Kusmanto Heri , Suriadi Agus 
Published: September 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan tentang pelayanan program Nusantara Sehat (NS) Puskesmas Tanjung Beringin Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 345 orang dengan menggunakan tipe penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Data primer diperoleh melalui kuesioner, wawancara dan observasi langsung di lapangan, dan data sekunder bersumber dari data Puskesmas, dokumen-dokumen, peraturan-peraturan yang berkaitan dengan masalah yang diteliti. Lima dimensi Kualitas Pelayanan menurut Zeithaml Parasuraman-Berry yaitu dimensi Tangible, dimensi Reliability, dimensi Responsiveness, dimensi Assurance, dan dimensi Emphaty, divariabelkan dengan 14 indikator, yakni Upaya pencegahan dan pemberantasan penyakit pada Prosedur pelayanan, Persyaratan Pelayanan, Kejelasan petugas pelayanan, Kedisiplinan petugas pelayanan, Tanggung jawab petugas pelayanan, Kemampuan petugas pelayanan, Kecepatan pelayanan, Keadilan mendapatkan pelayanan, Kesopanan dan keramahan petugas, Kewajaran biaya pelayanan, Kepastian biaya pelayanan, Kepastian jadwal pelayanan, Kenyamanan lingkungan dan Keamanan Pelayanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada 6 indikator kepuasan masyarakat yang menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda pada kualitas prosedur pelayanan di Puskesmas Tanjung Beringin yakni penilaian dari Upaya Promosi Kesehatan (kurang baik: 2,17), Upaya kesehatan lingkungan (kurang baik: 2,30), Upaya kesehatan Ibu dan Anak serta Keluarga Berencana (baik: 3,03), Upaya perbaikan gizi masyarakat (penilaian baik: 2,85), Upaya pencegahan dan pemberantasan penyakit (kurang baik: 2,28) dan Upaya pengobatan (baik: 2,81).
The status of parenchymatous organs of the Caspian seal Phoca caspica under the conditions of toxicant accumulation
Authors: Volodina Viktoria , Karygina Natalia , Popova Olga , Popova Elmira , Grushko Mariia , Fedorova Nadezhda 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The toxicological study conducted revealed high concentrations of hydrocarbons and highly toxic heavy metals in the liver and subcutaneous fat of the Caspian seal. The increased toxicant level in the fat, as compared to the liver, pointed to the disorder of organism purification processes, leading to chronic polytoxicosis and disorders of the histological structure of the internals. The studies of the morphofunctional state of the stomach of the Caspian pinnipeds revealed the following disorders: hemorrhages, edemata and necrosis of the mucous membrane, and replacement of glandular tissue with the connective tissue. The study of the small intestine of the seals identified the symptoms of catarrhal desquamatory enteritis. Epithelium dystrophy and desquamation were noted, in particular at the tops of the villi. Different types of colitis (acute, ulcerative, chronic) were found in the large intestine of the seals. Dystrophic and necrotic changes of hepatocytes were identified in the liver tissue, which pointed to the liver cell failure. The nature and extent of pathological changes in the internals and tissues of the studied animals point to the functional depression of the digestive system.
Region – city – social space as key concepts of socio-economic geography
Authors: Runge Jerzy 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Terminology, that helps to organise research issues, is a significant component of each scientific discipline. In socio-economic geography, such expressions include concepts of a region, a city, or a social space. They are not disjunctive ideas – for example, we find a concept of an urban region where a social space can refer to a city, or a region, and at the same time regional, urban and social research can investigate these same areas. Concepts may also illustrate a specific model of an explanation in science, a particular stage of methodological development of the discipline, or a vision of the world. Bearing in mind the complexity of methodological issues, which is only briefly mentioned here, as well as a multiplicity of definitions of terminological concepts (region, city, social space), the author’s intention was to compare the premises of occurrence of the concepts and their consequences for the development of socio-economic geography. The increases in complexity of socio-economic changes as an effect of the overlapping processes of social modernization, restructuring of economic space, and suburbanization were itemised. The main research tool in this case is the deductive reasoning procedure leading to the generalization of the output of regional and urban research, as well as existing analyses of social space. The rationale for investigating the problem arose from the significance of the above-mentioned research, both the ones carried out during the previous stages of development of socio-economic geography as well as contemporary research trends. The crucial aspect here is the increase in complexity of these processes, and the spatial and functional structures leading to the transition from simple post-modernity to a risk society. Therefore, application of regional, urban and social research is also important, especially in the context of the process of depopulation, and “shrinkage” of cities and regions. It affects the possibilities of creating urban or regional policy. The rationale for investigating the problem also results from periodic necessity to synthesize the research on basic terminological issues, especially in the periods when changes of socio-economic and spatial conditions occur, and affect transformation of the existing set of the basic concepts.
The evolution of carbon dioxide emissions embodied in international trade in Poland: An input-output approach
Authors: Tsagkari Marula , Gaona Alexis , Gonzalez Juan-Felipe , Järvinen Jaakko 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
International agreements that aim to reduce carbon dioxide emissions have raised concerns due to the risk of carbon leakage caused by trade liberalization. This study aims to analyse the carbon dioxide emissions related to trade flows for the case of Poland, in order to further investigate the interrelationship between emissions and the quick economic growth the country has faced since 2000. The communist past, the quick liberalization of the economy, the trade opening, entrance to the EU and the intense carbon economy, are some of the characteristics that make Poland an interesting case. The data available data from 1996 to 2008 were collected using the World Input-Output Database and were analyzed using the Input-Output method, and more concretely by constructing a multi-regional input-output model for the years studied. The findings indicate that there were substantial effects on the emissions of Poland that resulted from the opening of the economy and joining the European Union. Poland is a net importer of carbon emissions from other European countries; however, this phenomenon seems to be regulated by EU legislation. Additionally, it was shown that Polish imports from countries with less strict environmental policies significantly embody higher levels of emissions than its exports. This observation calls for stricter environmental regulations to avoid carbon leakage.
Reductions in tree-ring widths of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) as an indicator of air pollution in southern Poland
Authors: Łuszczyńska Katarzyna , Wistuba Małgorzata , Malik Ireneusz 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate how the emission of pollutants to the atmosphere from the late 19th century until modern times has been recorded in rings of silver fir trees growing in southern Poland. Samples were collected from 24 firs growing in the Beskid Niski Mountains (Western Carpathians). Using a Pressler borer, a single core was collected from each tree. Within the samples, tree-ring widths were measured. On this basis, reductions of tree-ring widths were calculated and subsequently divided into three classes according to their severity. Study results indicate that growth reductions at the site studied were influenced by the pollution emitted from the now-defunct Central Industrial Region, which developed most rapidly from 1920 to 1940, and began to decline after World War II. These emissions were probably responsible for reductions in the trees sampled in the years 1928–1947. On the other hand, reductions of tree-ring widths dating from 1951 to 1989 were caused by the post-war development of heavy industry throughout Poland, and in particular in the Upper Silesian Industrial Region, which developed at its most rapid rate from 1960 to 1990. The results obtained demonstrate that reductions of tree-ring widths in the silver firs studied are related to industrial air pollution in the 20th century. As industrial production declined and environmentally friendly technologies were introduced in the early 1990s, air pollution levels decreased and an increase in tree-ring widths followed in the silver firs studied. Further reductions of tree-ring widths have been observed in recent years (since 2009), which may be caused by air pollution due to low-stack emissions from domestic boilers. The analysis conducted demonstrates that a reduction in tree-ring widths in silver fir is a sensitive bioindicator of air pollution.
Responsive and Adaptive Design for Survey Optimization
Authors: Chun Asaph Young , Heeringa Steven G. , Schouten Barry 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe discuss an evidence-based approach to guiding real-time design decisions during the course of survey data collection. We call it responsive and adaptive design (RAD), a scientific framework driven by cost-quality tradeoff analysis and optimization that enables the most efficient production of high-quality data. The notion of RAD is not new; nor is it a silver bullet to resolve all the difficulties of complex survey design and challenges. RAD embraces precedents and variants of responsive design and adaptive design that survey designers and researchers have practiced over decades. In this paper, we present the four pillars of RAD: survey process data and auxiliary information, design features and interventions, explicit quality and cost metrics, and a quality-cost optimization tailored to survey strata. We discuss how these building blocks of RAD are addressed by articles published in the 2017 JOS special issue and this special section. It is a tale of the three perspectives filling in each other. We carry over each of these three perspectives to articulate the remaining challenges and opportunities for the advancement of RAD. We recommend several RAD ideas for future research, including survey-assisted population modeling, rigorous optimization strategies, and total survey cost modeling.