bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Household Attitudes towards Sustainable Management of Urban Green Spaces and Parks in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Ajewole O. C. , Adebo G. M. , Fadipe B. O. 
Published: August 2019

The attitude of urban dwellers is essential to the sustainable management of green spaces and parks in their environment. The study was carried out to examine various ways of raising fund, preferred mode of contribution and determinants of mode of contribution of the respondents to sustainable management of urban green spaces and parks. A total of 120 respondents were purposively selected based on the existence of green spaces and parks in six local government areas of Lagos state, Nigeria, Frequency counts, percentages and multivariate Probit regression model were used to analyze the data. The result shows that voluntary donations and Tax were rated by 40.8% of the respondents respectively as the most viable way of generating funds for sustainable management and maintenance of urban green spaces and park in Lagos state. Also, 46.67% of the respondents were willing to donate or pay cash as their means of contributing to sustainable management of green spaces and parks, while 6.67% were not willing to donate or render any assistance for sustainable management of green spaces and parks. The study affirmed that the Sex, Marital status, and average monthly income of the respondents had positive and significant influence on the respondents’ contribution to sustainable management of urban green space and parks, while educational level had a negative influence on the mode respondents’ contribution to sustainable management of green spaces and parks.
Effects of zinc supplementation on oxidant/antioxidant and lipids status of pesticides sprayers
Authors: Saad-Hussein Amal , Ibrahim Khadiga S , Abdalla Mohgah Sh , El-Mezayen Hatem A , Osman Nehal F A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Excess exposure to pesticides induces oxidative stress and causes alteration in the lipid profile

Objectives
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of Zinc (Zn) supplementation on the oxidant/antioxidant and lipid status in pesticide sprayers.

Methods
Forty pesticide sprayers were included in the study. Blood lipids, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Zn were estimated; before and after Zn supplementation.

Results
Statistical analysis revealed that after Zn supplementation, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and MDA were significantly decreased. However, there was a significant increase in the high density lipoprotein (HDL), SOD, GPx, and Zn levels. After Zn supplementation, significant inverse correlations were detected between the Zn and the levels of MDA, TG, and VLDL, while positive correlation between Zn and the levels of HDL and TC.

Conclusions
Zn supplementation improves the oxidative/antioxidants and lipid status in pesticide sprayers.
Amelioration of Aflatoxin B1-induced gastrointestinal injuries by Eucalyptus oil in rats
Authors: Akinrinde A. S. , Adebiyi O. E. , Asekun A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Eucalyptus oil (EO), derived from Eucalyptus species, possesses vast remedial and healing properties, although its gut health-promoting properties have not been well investigated. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition of a commercial EO formulation and its potential role in protecting against aflatoxin B1 (AfB1)-induced gastrointestinal damage in rats.

Methods
Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups with eight rats each. Control rats were administered with the vehicle (1% Tween 80) for 14 days, while another group was exposed to two oral doses of AFB1 on days 12 and 14. Two other groups were pre-treated with oral doses of EO (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w.) for 14 consecutive days, along with two oral doses of AfB1 (5 mg/kg b.w.) on days 12 and 14. The remaining two groups were treated with EO alone at the two doses for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples, stomach and intestinal tissues were collected for measurement of oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters and light microscopic examination.

Results
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed Eucalyptol (1, 8-cineole) as the main constituent (67.48%) of the oil. AfB1 administration induced oxidative and inflammatory disturbances, indicated by significantly (p<0.05) increased serum nitric oxide level and myeloperoxidase activity; increased tissue contents of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls, accompanied with corresponding histological alterations. AfB1 also induced significant (p<0.05) reductions in glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Treatment with EO produced significant improvements in the biochemical parameters as well as the appearance of the gastric and intestinal mucosa. EO alone, at the two doses tested did not produce any significant changes in the parameters investigated.

Conclusion
The findings from this study showed that EO demonstrated protective activity against Aflatoxin-induced toxicity in stomach and intestinal tissues and may thus find application in treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
Effect of crude
Moringa oleifera
Lam. seed extract on the blood markers of metabolic syndrome in high-fructose diet-fed growing Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Mapfumo Masiline , Lembede Busisani W. , Ndhlala Ashwell R. , Chivandi Eliton 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background

Moringa oleifera seed has anti-diabetic and anti-obesogenic properties. This study interrogated the effect of crude hydroethanolic M. oleifera seed extract on the blood markers of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in high-fructose diet fed growing Sprague-Dawley rats.

Methods
Sixty 21-day old female and male Sprague-Dawley rat pups were randomly allocated to and administered one of the following treatment regimens daily for twelve weeks: group I – plain drinking water (PW)+plain gelatine cube (PC), group II – 20% (w/v) fructose solution (FS)+PC, group III – FS+100 mg/kg body mass fenofibrate in gelatine cube (FN), group IV – FS+low dose (50 mg/kg body mass) of M. oleifera in gelatine cube (LMol) and group V – FS+high dose (500 mg/kg body mass) of M. oleifera in gelatine cube (HMol). The rats in each treatment regimen had ad libitum access to a standard rat chow. After the 12-week trial, the rats were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test and then euthanised 48 h later. Blood was collected. Plasma triglyceride, cholesterol and insulin concentration were determined. HOMA-IR was then computed.

Results
The high-fructose diet increased (p<0.05) plasma insulin concentration and HOMA-IR in female rats only. It increased plasma triglyceride concentration in both female and male rats and plasma cholesterol concentration in male rats only. The crude hydroethanolic M. oleifera seed extract prevented the high-fructose diet-induced metabolic derangements in male and female rats.

Conclusion
Crude hydroethanolic M. oleifera seed extract can potentially be used as a prophylactic intervention for diet-induced MetS in children.
Carboxyhemoglobin in umbilical cord blood and maternal smoking
Authors: Hengstler Kevin , van ’t Sant Peter , Jira Petr E. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Smoking during pregnancy still exists in daily life but the effect on the newborn in the early stage of life is still unclear. This study investigates the normal reference range of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) in umbilical cord blood gas (UBG).

Methods
A single center retrospective cross-sectional cohort study was performed with 1172 cases. We analyzed HbCO values in umbilical cord blood, maternal smoking, birth weight percentiles, duration of amenorrhea and maternal admission duration prior to delivery.

Results
HbCO levels in newborns range from 0 to 7.7% with a mean of 0.6% (standard deviation 0.6). Newborns from women who smoked during pregnancy have a significant higher HbCO value compared to newborns from women who did not smoke. Birth weight is negatively correlated with HbCO (P = 0.001).

Conclusion
Our results show the normal reference range in this study is 0–1.2% for HbCO in the umbilical blood of newborns. Smoking prior to delivery leads to a higher HbCO value in the UBG sample of the newborn, a lower birth weight and may be potential harmful.
The predictive value of serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125) levels on pregnancy outcome in threatened miscarriages
Authors: Adeku Mosunmola A. , Adegbola Omololu , Ajayi Godwin O. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Spontaneous miscarriages are common pregnancy complications which result in psychological and emotional burden in the affected women. It is therefore necessary to identify biomarkers that can predict pregnancy outcome in women with threatened miscarriages so as to assist in their counselling and management.

Methods
The study compared levels of maternal serum CA125 in 65 pregnancies with threatened miscarriages (study group) with 65 normal intrauterine pregnancies (control group) between 6 weeks and 19 weeks + 6 days gestation using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.

Results
The mean age of the study and control groups were 29.5 ± 0.14 years and 30.1 ± 0.14 years, respectively. The mean serum CA125 in the study group was 30.1 ± 1.1 IU/mL while that of the control group was 22.9 ± 1.2 IU/mL and this was statistically significant (P = 0.0001). The mean serum CA125 level in the women whose pregnancies were aborted (aborters) was 34.8 ± 1.4 IU/mL while the mean value among those whose pregnancies continued till term (non-aborters) was 27.3 ± 1.2 IU/mL. This was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Further analysis using CA125 ≥36.2 IU/mL (mean value of serum CA125 among aborters + 1 standard deviation) as a threshold for intrauterine pregnancies that eventually got aborted showed a sensitivity of 66.7%, specificity of 83.3%, positive predictive value of 55.6%, negative predictive value of 88.9% and the diagnostic effectiveness (accuracy) was 79.4%.

Conclusion
The measurement of serum CA125 is a useful predictor of pregnancy outcome in threatened miscarriages.
Parallel MCMC methods for global optimization
Authors: Zhang Lihao , Ye Zeyang , Deng Yuefan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We introduce a parallel scheme for simulated annealing, a widely used Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for optimization.
Our method is constructed and analyzed under the classical framework of MCMC.
The benchmark function for optimization is used for validation and verification of the parallel scheme.
The experimental results, along with the proof based on statistical theory, provide us with insights into the mechanics of the parallelization of simulated annealing for high parallel efficiency or scalability for large parallel computers.
7-(4-Fluorobenzylidene)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-phenyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2H-indazole-2-carbothioamide–dimethylformamide (2/1), C27H23F2N3S, 0.5(C3H7NO)
Authors: Aldosari Obaid Fahad , Abdel-Wahab Bakr F. , Alotaibi Mohammad Hayal , Hegazy Amany S. , Kariuki Benson M. , El-Hiti Gamal A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
C27H23F2N3S, 0.5(C3H7NO), monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 25.1579(10) Å, b = 9.9356(4) Å, c = 20.1799(7) Å, β = 91.741(4)°, V = 5041.8(3) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0508, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1385, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of ethyl (Z)-(4-oxo-4-phenylbut-2-en-2-yl)glycinate, C14H17NO3
Authors: Safavora A.S. , Brito Ivan , Cisterna Jonathan , Cárdenas Alejandro , Huseynov E.Z. , Khalilov A.N. , Naghiyev F.N. , Askerov R.K. , Maharramov A.M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
C14H17NO3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 11.1445(7) Å, b = 8.5442(5) Å, c = 14.2503(8) Å, β = 97.5684(11)°, V = 1345.10(14) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0668, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1680, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of poly[aqua(μ2-2-amino-1,4-benzenedisulfonato-κ2
O:O′)bis(μ2-pyrazin-κ2
N:N′)silver(I)], C14H16Ag2N5O8S2
Authors: Li Jia-Wei , Jiang Jin-Ke , Jiang Hui 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
C14H16Ag2N5O8S2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.1305(7) Å, b = 7.3558(6) Å, c = 9.8517(10) Å, α = 73.816(9)°, β = 82.648(8)°, γ = 88.080(7)°, V = 492.17(8) Å3, Z = 1, Rgt
(F) = 0.0491, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1515, T = 293(2) K.
Fiber structures and properties of eucalyptus kraft pulp via different bleaching methods
Authors: Jiang Yu , Chen Yangmei , Wu Qitang , Wei Zebin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe fiber morphology, the content of hydrogen bonds (HBs) of different models, cellulose crystalline structure, water retention value (WRV), and strength properties of eucalyptus pulp bleached by different bleaching methods (hydrogen peroxide bleaching and sodium dithionite bleaching) were investigated. The results of fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) showed that the content of intramolecular hydrogen bonds (HBintra) increased by 11.6 % and 4.8 % after hydrogen peroxide bleaching and sodium dithionite bleaching, respectively. The energy of the hydrogen bonds was changed after bleaching treatment. The hydrogen bonding distances showed a small change after different bleaching treatment. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated a decrease in the average width of crystallite size in the (002) lattice plane after different bleaching treatment, which was the same trend with the variability of cellulose crystallinity. Compared with the unbleached pulp, the WRV and strength properties of the bleached pulp increased after each bleaching process. Tear index of handsheets made from the hydrogen peroxide and sodium dithionite bleaching pulps were 46.0 % and 54.8 %, respectively. The sodium dithionite bleaching treatment had more significant effects on fiber swelling capability.
Basic Income—an early Icelandic experiment**
Authors: Karlsson Johannes , Matthiasson Thorolfur 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Old age, illness, and/or physical and/or mental disabilities may limit the ability of an individual to generate enough income to cover basic costs of living. Most developed nations provide financial assistance to persons with limited abilities. In 1974, an Icelandic government passed an act of law providing a tax credit, payable to taxpayers under certain conditions. The tax allowance was applied first to settle the taxes and public levies owed by the taxpayer, with any amount remaining paid out to the individual. This system can be seen as a first, limited attempt at establishing a partial universal basic income of sorts. This social interaction between stakeholders on how to share the tax revenue between the taxpayers led to a government crisis. The shareholders in this partial universal basic income system, the state and municipalities, the old age community, the trade unions, and the employers all have different financial and political interests and were affected by this reform. The lesson is that a basic income would need strong supporters if implemented, where the role of the government and/or the parliament would be mapped. Its supporters must be able to withstand the pressure from the social partners in the labor market because of the interactivity of the social security system and the pension fund system, which is not a part of the fiscal system in Iceland. The conflict of interests becomes apparent.
Global fault-lines model and global political economy
Authors: Nwankwo Cletus Famous 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The 21st century has witnessed a significant transformation of the economies of many developing countries. Consequently, many studies have argued that the centre of gravity of the global economy is shifting from the Western core to the semi-peripheral East. Vassilis Fouskas and Bülent Gökay’s global fault-lines model detailed in their book titled The Fall of the US Empire: Global Fault-Lines and the Shifting Imperial Order is an attempt to use some ideas of the theory of plate tectonics to explain the historical-geographic tectonic shifts in the global political economy. This paper shows the major arguments of the global fault-lines model and shows the link between the plate tectonics theory and the global fault-lines model. Finally, it highlights the implications of the tectonic shifts in the global political economy and by so doing argues for the expansion of BRICS and strengthening of the south-south cooperation paradigm.
Immigration, Humanity, and Morality
Authors: Fasoro Sunday Adeniyi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The trend toward the concept of humanity in political theory has arisen largely as a reaction against the mistreatment of vulnerable people such as immigrants. The issue of immigrants’ vulnerability has led political thinkers to ponder on how to apply the principle of humanity to the question of the treatment of immigrants. I would like to address this matter by examining two questions: what is humanity, is it a value property, or a virtue? Does it really matter if the means by which an immigrant immigrates is demeaning to his own humanity as a person? The most common or intuitive reply to these questions would probably be: ‘humanity’ is simply a value-bestowing property, so regardless of immigrants’ actions they are owed respectful treatment. The aim of this paper is to emphasise instead that ‘humanity’ should be conceived as a virtue of actual commitment to act on moral principles. I explore three different meanings of humanity. First, I discuss ‘humanity’ as the common ownership of the earth. Second, I discuss ‘humanity’ as a value property. Third, I discuss humanity as a virtue of acting, on the one hand, with humanity, and on the other hand, on moral principles.
Radiobromine and radioiodine for medical applications
Authors: Wilbur D. Scott , Adam Michael J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The halogens bromine and iodine have similar chemical properties and undergo similar reactions due to their closeness in Group 17 of the periodic chart. There are a number of bromine and iodine radionuclides that have properties useful for diagnosis and therapy of human diseases. The emission properties of radiobromine and radioiodine nuclides with half-lives longer than 1 h are summarized along with properties that make radionuclides useful in PET/SPECT imaging and β/Auger therapy, such that the reader can assess which of the radionuclides might be useful for medical applications. An overview of chemical approaches that have been used to radiolabel molecules with radiobromine and radioiodine nuclides is provided with examples. Further, references to a large variety of different organ/cancer-targeting agents utilizing the radiolabeling approaches described are provided.
Enhanced anticancer effect of cetuximab combined with stabilized silver ion solution in EGFR-positive lung cancer cells
Authors: Ozkan Aysun , Erdogan Ayse , Ozkan Odul , Manguoglu Esra , Kiraz Nadir 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Cytotoxic, antiproliferative, cell cycle inhibitive, oxidative and apoptotic effects of cetuximab [antibody for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)] alone and together with stabilized silver ion solution (St-Ag) on P-H1299, R-H1299, A-431 and A-549 cells were investigated.

Materials and methods
Cytotoxic effects of cetuximab alone and together with St-Ag on cells were determined by Cell Titer-Blue® Cell Viability and Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity tests. Cell cycle distributions and apoptosis were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results
St-Ag enhanced cetuximab cytotoxic effect on all cells. LDH activity, as a result of cell death, was found the highest level at treatment of cetuximab with St-Ag in all cells. Both treatment increased caspase-3/7 activity which is apoptotic enzyme was found higher in A-549 cells than other cells. Also, treatment of cetuximab with St-Ag caused increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in all cells. Cetuximab with St-Ag treatment increased glutathione peroxidase activity in all cells generating oxidative stress. Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), topoisomerase II-alpha (except R-H1299), cyclin D1 and D2 genes expression were decreased in all cells which explain the cell cycle inhibition effect.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that treatment of cetuximab combined with St-Ag exhibit more carcinogenesis reducing potential than cetuximab alone.
The Hordeum bulbosum 25S-18S rDNA region: comparison with Hordeum vulgare and other Triticeae
Authors: Georgiev Oleg , Mishev Kiril , Krasnikova Maria , Kitanova Meglena , Dimitrova Anna , Karagyozov Luchezar 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Hordeum vulgare and Hordeum bulbosum are two closely related barley species, which share a common H genome. H. vulgare has two nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), while the NOR of H. bulbosum is only one. We sequenced the 2.5 kb 25S-18S region in the rDNA of H. bulbosum and compared it to the same region in H. vulgare as well as to the other Triticeae. The region includes an intergenic spacer (IGS) with a number of subrepeats, a promoter, and an external transcribed spacer (5′ETS). The IGS of H. bulbosum downstream of 25S rRNA contains two 143-bp repeats and six 128-bp repeats. In contrast, the IGS in H. vulgare contains an array of seven 79-bp repeats and a varying number of 135-bp repeats. The 135-bp repeats in H. vulgare and the 128-bp repeats in H. bulbosum show similarity. Compared to H. vulgare, the 5′ETS of H. bulbosum is shorter. Additionally, the 5′ETS regions in H. bulbosum and H. vulgare diverged faster than in other Triticeae genera. Alignment of the Triticeae promoter sequences suggests that in Hordeum, as in diploid Triticum, transcription starts with guanine and not with adenine as it is in many other plants.
Fisetin effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis in glioma cells
Authors: Pak Fulya , Oztopcu-Vatan Pinar 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This research investigated the antiproliferative effects of 1–500 μM fisetin in T98G and BEAS-2B cells by MTT assay. The IC50 of fisetin in T98G cells for 24 and 48 h were 93 and 75 μM, respectively. Apoptotic alterations of fisetin-treated T98G cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. BEAS-2B was then used in comparison to T98G cells to determine the cytotoxic effects of fisetin. The IC50 of fisetin for 24 and 48 h were recorded as 270 and 90 μM in BEAS-2B cells, respectively. Different concentrations of fisetin were selected to determine the apoptotic and necrotic effects. Consequently, fisetin was determined to have more apoptotic effects in T98G than BEAS-2B cells, dose- and time-dependently. Moreover, fisetin was found to have cytotoxicity at lower doses in T98G cells compared to carmustine, as positive control. CASPASE 3, CASPASE 9, CASPASE 8, and BAX expressions were increased by the selected fisetin doses of 25 and 50 μM, while that of BCL-2 and survivin was reduced in T98G cells. These results will serve as an essential basis of future in vitro and in vivo studies, in the continuous search for alternative treatment agents for gliomas.