bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is spatial orientation affected by Ramadan fasting?
Authors: Abdul Razzak Rima , Mohamed Mohamed Wael , Alshaiji Abdulla Faisal , Qareeballa Abdulrahman Ahmed , Bagust Jeff , Docherty Sharon 
Published: October 2018

PurposeRamadan intermittent fasting (RIF) has produced heterogeneous and domain-specific effects on cognitive function. This study aims to investigate the effect of RIF on verticality perception or estimation of subjective visual vertical (SVV) in young adults. The significance of SVV is that it is essential for spatial orientation, upon which many daily activities depend.MethodologyVerticality perception was assessed with a computerized rod and frame test (CRFT) in two visual conditions: without a surrounding frame and with a distracting tilted frame. The tilted frame condition measures level of visual dependence or reliance of visual cues for posture and orientation. In total, 39 young adult men were recruited at different stages of Ramadan fasting: 21 were tested at the end of the first week (Week 1) and 18 others at the end of the third week (Week 3) of Ramadan. Also, 39 participants were recruited to serve as a non-fasting control group. Factorial ANOVA analyses were conducted to identify the main effects of fasting status, time-of-day and the interaction between them on blood glucose levels, nocturnal sleep duration and vertical alignment errors.FindingsThe main effect of fasting status on glucose level was significant (p= 0.03). There was a significant time-of-day main effect on glucose levels (p= 0.007) and sleep duration (p= 0.004) only in fasting participants. Neither the main effects of fasting status nor time-of-day were significant for rod alignment errors in both visual conditions. The interaction of fasting status and time-of-day was not significant either. This may indicate that any negative effect of Ramadan fasting on activities that are critically dependent on verticality perception and spatial orientation, such as sports and driving, may not be due to verticality misperception.OriginalityThe present study was the first to investigate the effect of Ramadan fasting on spatial orientation. It demonstrated robustness of verticality perception to fasting status and the point of fasting during Ramadan. Verticality perception was also unaffected by time-of-day effects in non-fasting and fasting groups at two different points of Ramadan. This study corroborates others reporting heterogeneous effects of Ramadan fasting on cognitive function.
Microscopic characterization of acidic paper manuscripts
Authors: Hamed Safa Abd El kader Mohamed , Ali Hassan Rushdya Rabee 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the effect of acidity on the morphology of archeological paper, especially in the presence of colors and whether natural pigments play a role in the process of degradation.Design/methodology/approachThe morphological changes in the cellulosic fibers of the manuscripts because of acidity were investigated using environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). Ten historical samples were collected from different manuscripts suffering from acidity. X-ray diffraction was used to identify the inks and pigments that were used in some samples. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared microscopy was used to identify the binding medium.FindingsThe results confirmed that carbon ink, ultramarine, cinnabar and gold pigments were applied to some manuscripts with Arabic gum. As for ESEM investigation, the results proved that acidity badly affected the integrity of the cellulosic fibers resulting in their embrittlement. The micrographs showed differences in fiber degradation according to pH value. The presence of inks and pigments increased the degradation extent resulting from acidity.Originality/valueThis paper addresses a specific need to study the behavior of degradation in paper manuscripts, thus helping the conservators find solutions to the phenomenon.
Fundamentals of radiation heat transfer in AlSi10Mg powder bed during selective laser melting
Authors: Wei Pei , Wei Zhengying , Chen Zhne , Du Jun , He Yuyang , Li Junfeng 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to study numerically the influence of the applied laser energy density and the porosity of the powder bed on the thermal behavior of the melt and the resultant instability of the liquid track.Design/methodology/approachA three-dimensional model was proposed to predict local powder melting process. The model accounts for heat transfer, melting, solidification and evaporation in granular system at particle scale. The proposed model has been proved to be a good approach for the simulation of the laser melting process.FindingsThe results shows that the applied laser energy density has a significantly influence on the shape of the molten pool and the local thermal properties. The relative low or high input laser energy density has the main negative impact on the stability of the scan track. Decreasing the porosity of the powder bed lowers the heat dissipation in the downward direction, resulting in a shallower melt pool, whereas pushing results in improvement in liquid track quality.Originality/valueThe randomly packed powder bed is calculated using discrete element method. The powder particle information including particle size distribution and packing density is taken into account in placement of individual particles. The effect of volumetric shrinkage and evaporation is considered in numerical model.
An updated quantitative analysis of Kerlin’s macro-institutional social enterprise framework
Authors: Coskun Muhammet Emre , Monroe-White Thema , Kerlin Janelle 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to improve upon the initial quantitative assessment of Kerlin’s macro-institutional social enterprise (MISE) framework (Monroe-White et al., 2015) to test for the effect of country-level institutions on the social enterprise sector. Major improvements are the inclusion of the civil society variable and expansion of the culture component in the analysis.Design/methodology/approachBy following Kerlin’s (2013) original work that draws on the theory of historical institutionalism, this paper employs multi-level regression analysis to test the effect of country-level institutional factors on organizational-level social enterprise across countries. This analysis uses new macro-level data specifically for civil society and culture components.FindingsThe initial assessment of the framework found that several country-level factors had a significant effect on the variance in the size of the social enterprise sector across countries. The analysis provided here additionally shows a significant positive influence of civil society on the size of the social enterprise sector and shows that formal institutions capture the effect of informal cultural institutions when included in the model together.Practical/implicationsThis analysis provides policymakers, development actors and researchers with a better understanding of the influence of civil society on social enterprises and the interaction between formal and informal institutional underlying factors.Originality/valueThis paper’s significant contribution is the addition of civil society in the MISE analysis, which was not possible before owing to lack of data, and additional cultural analysis.
Family, institutional investors ownerships and corporate performance: the case of Indonesia
Authors: Musallam Sami R.M. , Fauzi Hasan , Nagu Nadhirah 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the relationship between family and institutional ownerships and corporate performance.Design/methodology/approachUsing a panel data of 139 nonfinancial companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2013, this study used generalized least square model.FindingsThe results show that family ownership has a significant and positive impact on corporate performance, while institutional ownership has significantly and negatively influenced corporate performance. These results imply that family ownership leads to better corporate performance, while institutional ownership leads to lower corporate performance.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research would extend to examine different ownership variables, e.g. domestic, foreign and black shareholders ownerships with different performance measures such as profit margin and return on investments (ROI). Then, their results could be compared to the result of this paper.Practical implicationsFor shareholders and managers, the result of this study provides a base for shareholder on the importance to have the same understanding as management to improve return of capital invested by them (family capital) through firm’s long- and short-term business decision-making. It is possible for management for doing so because their interest is same. Therefore, this can be an interesting incentive for management. This result of this study also provides practical implication for investors (including international investors) with respect to their funds in the firm with family ownership share. By doing so, they will get better and stable ROI compared to nonfamily-owned business.Originality/valueThis study is original as studies on institutional and family ownerships and corporate performance are limited in the Indonesian context. The use of nonlinearity effect of family ownership and corporate performance in Indonesian case is the first attempt. Therefore, this study contributes to corporate governance literatures by investigating the relationship between family and institutional ownerships and market performance in Indonesian context using the improved methodology.
Modularized design of coal-mine paste filling station based on fuzzy theory
Authors: Wang Guimei , Yang Lijie , Zhang Yong Shuo 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to study a modular method for designing a paste filling station (PFS) for a coal mine (CM) to reduce the PFS’s input cost and achieve reutilization.

Design/methodology/approach
Modular design criteria for the PFS are proposed and a modular division (MDiv) model and an evaluation method are established. The correlation-strength matrix of the PFS parts expressed in the form of rough numbers is transformed into a fuzzy equivalent matrix. The theory of rough sets and the fuzzy clustering method are introduced for PFS MDiv. The evaluating method is established for the PFS MDiv scheme based on the principle of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.

Findings
Taking a particular CM PFS as an example, the above method is used to modularize the PFS, and the optimal division of the PFS is finally determined via the above evaluation system. Applying this method solves the problem of high cost investment in the initial stage of PFS construction.

Originality/value
The theory of rough sets and the fuzzy clustering method are introduced for PFS MDiv. An evaluating method is established for the PFS MDiv scheme based on the principle of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, thereby providing new ideas for PFS transformation and reutilization.
Analysis of aromatic hydrocarbon in medium- to high-sulfur coals from Fenxi, Shanxi Province
Authors: Yang Yanli , Zhao Qiaojing 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the compositional characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbons extracted from coals and to describe how the sulfur content influences the properties of coals and whether widely accepted maturity parameters are suitable for medium- to high-sulfur coal.

Design/methodology/approach
Four samples of medium- to high-sulfur coal were obtained from Fenxi, Shanxi Province, and studied using gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Findings
The GC-MS results showed that there were five series of compounds were identified in the aromatic fractions: naphthalenes, phenanthrenes, oxygen-containing compounds, biphenyls and sulfur-containing compounds. The substituent group was mainly methyl. The content of dibenzothiophenes was high, which was attributed to their high thermodynamic stability. The presence of sulfur reduced the content of oxygen-containing compounds. A depositional environment that facilitated the formation of organic sulfur compounds led to a higher content of naphthalenes.

Originality/value
The development of methods for removing organic sulfur compounds would benefit from a study of their nature, which would be important for improving the use of coal.
Asĺ No (Not Like This): Resisting Postpolitics on Mexico City's Avenida Chapultepec
Authors: Gerlofs Ben A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBuilding on roughly ten months of ethnographic and archival research, this article examines successful resistance to a planned redevelopment project along Avenida Chapultepec, one of Mexico City's historic boulevards. Local residents and their allies objected not only to the specifics of the project but also to its planning process, in which citizen input was foregrounded but extremely limited. This case illustrates the instantiation of a ‘postpolitical condition’ in Mexico City, a situation in which any opportunity for dissensus has been foreclosed and ironically replaced by a growing set of carefully managed participatory schemes and an ever‐greater rhetorical commitment to democratization. The public contest over the so‐called Corredor Cultural Chapultepec effectively demonstrates two claims I seek to advance in this article. The first is that strategic vulnerabilities of such political orders can be effectively sought in their conditions of emergence or the contextually specific ways that such orders consolidate political power. The second is that in seeking to elucidate and challenge these conditions, resistance must account for the ways in which certain ‘partition[ings] of the sensible’ (Rancière, ) operate at the quotidian level of attitudes, norms and routines to assign and continually reproduce the places and roles of urban citizens.
Electoral reforms, entry barriers and the structure of political markets: A comparative analysis
Authors: SEBŐK MIKLÓS , HORVÁTH ATTILA , M. BALÁZS ÁGNES 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article investigates the impact of electoral reforms on entry barriers in political markets. The discussion starts by delineating the theoretical boundaries of various political markets, such as those for participation, parties and government. By taking a cue from industrial organisation theory, the article offers an analysis of entry barriers, both hard and soft, along with their operationalisation for empirical research. Based on this theoretical framework, a single hypothesis is investigated. It posits that the modification of the entry barriers in the market for parties leads to changes in the concentration of the popular vote for party lists. An observable implication of this relationship would be if an electoral reform that raises entry barriers led to subsequent increases in the Herfindahl index (a measure of market concentration), and vice versa. This proposition is empirically tested by a comparative analysis of a new database covering Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. The analysis offers support for the following proposition: in most cases the changes in the entry barriers led to a corresponding change of concentration in the market for parties.
Elite behaviour and citizen mobilisation
Authors: KOLSTAD IVAR , WIIG ARNE 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article studies the relation between self‐serving elite behaviour and citizen political participation. It uses a fixed effects approach to analyse the association between portfolio investment in tax havens and voter turnout, using data from 213 parliamentary elections in 65 countries for the period 1998–2014. For well‐functioning democracies a positive relation between the use of tax havens and voter turnout is found, suggesting that self‐serving elite behaviour is associated with citizen political mobilisation rather than voter apathy. The estimated relationship is stronger in the period after the 2008 economic crisis, when elite behaviour was a particularly salient issue.
Management by the Numbers: A Formal Approach to Deriving Informational and Distributional Properties of “Unmanaged” Earnings
Authors: HEMMER THOMAS , LABRO EVA 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTWe explore the theoretical relation between earnings and market returns as well as the properties of earnings frequency distributions under the assumption that managers use unbiased accounting information to sequentially decide on real options their firms have and report generated earnings truthfully, with the market pricing the firm based on those reported earnings. We generate benchmarks against which empirically observed earnings‐returns relations and aggregate earnings distributions can be evaluated. This parsimonious model shows a coherent set of results: reported losses are less persistent than reported gains, decision making diminishes the S‐shaped market response to earnings and earnings relate to returns asymmetrically in the way documented by Basu [1997]. Furthermore, the implied frequency distribution of aggregate earnings is neither symmetric nor necessarily single‐peaked. Instead, it may exhibit a kink at zero and look similar to the plots reported by Burgstahler and Dichev [1997]. However, within our model, none of these phenomena are due to reporting noise, bias, or some undesirable strategic managerial behavior. They are the natural consequences of using past earnings as the basis for value increasing managerial decision making that in turn generates the future earnings on which future decisions will be based.
Two New Species of Protocedroxylon Gothan (Pinaceae) from the Middle Jurassic of Eastern Inner Mongolia, NE China
Authors: ZHANG Yujin , TIAN Ning , ZHU Zhipeng , WANG Yongdong , WU Xinwei , ZHANG Zhibin , ZHANG Chao , SI Qiuliang , MA Yongfei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTwo new coniferous wood taxa, Protocedroxylon zhangii sp. nov. and P. zhalantunense sp. nov., are described from the Middle Jurassic Wanbao Formation in Zhalantun City, Inner Mongolia, NE China. The new discovery represents the first record of petrified wood in the Wanbao Formation, and contributes to further understanding the floral composition, especially that of the forest, of the Wanbao Formation. Anatomically, the two new species are characterized by having a mixed type of radial pitting and Abietineentüpfelung. In extant conifers, Abietineentüpfelung is considered to be characteristic of the wood of Pinaceae. The new discovery further indicates that the first occurrence of Abietineentüpfelung in conifer‐like wood should be earlier than the Kimmeridgian. The palaeolatitudinal distribution pattern of Protocedroxylon indicates that the genus is a palaeobiogeographically consistent group, which was probably restricted to wetter and cooler temperate climates. In combination with distinct growth rings, the occurrence of Protocedroxylon suggests that a cool temperate and seasonal climate might have prevailed during the sedimentation period of the Wanbao Formation in eastern Inner Mongolia, NE China. Such a view is also in agreement with the palaeoclimatic conditions indicated by the plant megafossils of the Wanbao Formation.
Neoproterozoic–Early Paleozoic Tectonic Evolution of the South China Craton: New Insights from the Polyphase Deformation in the Southwestern Jiangnan Orogen
Authors: ZHAO Zhongbao , XU Zhiqin , MA Xuxuan , LIANG Fenghua , GUO Peng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA >1500–km–long northeast–southwest trending Neoproterozoic metamorphic belt in the South China Craton (SCC) consists of subduction mélange and extensional basin deposits. This belt is present under an unconformity of Devonian–Carboniferous sediments. Tectonic evolution of the Neoproterozoic rocks is crucial to determining the geology of the SCC and further influences the reconstruction of the Rodinia supercontinent. A subduction mélange unit enclosed ca.1000–850–Ma mafic blocks, which defined a Neoproterozoic ocean that existed within the SCC, is exposed at the bottom of the Jiangnan Orogen (JO) and experienced at least two phases deformation. Combined with new (detrital) zircon U–Pb ages from metasandstones, as well as igneous rocks within the metamorphic belt, we restrict the strongly deformed subduction mélange as younger than the minimum detrital age ca. 835 Ma and older than the ca. 815 Ma intruded granite. Unconformably overlying the subduction mélange and the intruded granite, an intra–continental rift basin developed <800 Ma that involved abundant mantle inputs, such as mafic dikes. This stratum only experienced one main phase deformation. According to our white mica 40Ar/30Ar data and previously documented thermochronology, both the Neoproterozoic mélange and younger strata were exhumed by a 490–400–Ma crustal–scale positive flower structure. This orogenic event probably induced the thick–skinned structures and was accompanied by crustal thickening, metamorphism and magmatism and led to the closure of the pre–existing rift basin. Integrating previously published data and our new results, we agree that the SCC was located on the periphery of the Rodinia supercontinent from the Neoproterozic until the Ordovician. Furthermore, we prefer that the convergence and dispersal of the SCC were primarily controlled by oceanic subduction forces that occurred within or periphery of the SCC.
Controls of Acid‐sensitive Minerals on Reservoir Sensitivity Testing: An Example from the Silurian Kepingtage Formation in Tazhong Area, Tarim Basin
Authors: HAN Denglin , WANG Qianqian , WANG Chenchen , OUYANG Chuanxiang , YUAN Wenfang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Silurian Kepingtage Formation in Tazhong area is regarded as an acid‐sensitive hydrocarbon reservoir. However, formation mechanism of acid‐sensitive of the reservoir cannot be interpreted by the existing acid‐sensitive evaluation criterion based on damage rate. The contents of acid ‐sensitive minerals illustrated by bulk‐rock XRD, scanning electron microscopy and clay mineral composition analysis exert the dominant control on acid‐sensitive flow testing of the reservoir. The iron‐ bearing minerals (including pyrite cements and chlorite cements) mainly deteriorate reservoir quality, while the iron‐free minerals (including calcite cements and dolomite cements) mainly improve permeability. The permeability variation of the tested samples is controlled by the relative content of two acid‐sensitive minerals. On the basis of newly established sensitivity mechanism and its influence on permeability, the corresponding ion (Fe2+) stabilizer was added to the acidizing fluids during the acidification reconstruction, which inhibited the negative factors of acid‐sensitive minerals and improved the target layer quality effectively.