bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility of Echocardiography in Assessing Left Atrial Reservoir Function in Rheumatic Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: Elsaidy Mona A. , Abdalaal Mohamed A. , Elsheikh Ayman A. , Elsharkawi Sarah 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Although abnormal left atrial (LA) reservoir function had been associated with clinical events in patients with mitral valve disease, its routine assessment is not performed due to inaccuracies and difficult time-consuming measurements.

Aim:
The aim was to study the feasibility and reproducibility of different echocardiographic parameters for LA assessment in patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease.

Methods:
Two hundred and fifty-nine patients with mitral valve disease underwent full echocardiographic examination. LA reservoir function was measured by two-dimensional (2D) volumes, 3D volumes, and global longitudinal strain (LA GLS). LA GLS, volumes, and total left atrial emptying fraction values were repeated to obtain the intra- and interobserver variabilities. The latter was performed between a nonexpert and two expert examiners.

Results:
3D echocardiography was highly feasible in assessing LA function, feasibility was 94%, and was performed in the shortest time (1.3 ± 0.4, ANOVA, P < 0.0001). All LA 3D measurements showed excellent intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility between the two expert readers; coefficient of variation (CV) was 7% and 8%, respectively, for LA maximal volume index (LAVImax). Although CV for interobserver variability between the expert and nonexpert readers was 12% for 3D minimal LAVI (LAVImin), assessment of 2D LA volumes had the lowest reproducibility; CV was 15% for LAVImin.

Conclusion:
3-d echocardiography assessment of LA volumes and function in patients with rheumatic heart disease is highly feasible and reproducible; it is easy to learn and can be easily performed by nonexperts.
Transesophageal Echocardiography in Patients of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Mehrotra Rahul , Kumar Raj , Bhat Showkat Hussain , Bansal Bharat , Bhagwati Mohit 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Approximtely one third of cases of acute ischemic stroke are of undetermined etiology (cryptogenic). Among these cases, cardio embolic tend to be more severe than other causes. Transthoracic echocardiography is used as a standard imaging modality to study structural aspects of heart, however, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a better and much more yielding modality. The present study was carried out in a tertiary care multispecialty hospital to enumerate the findings on TEE in the patients undergoing TEE for “cryptogenic stroke.”

Methods:
This retrospective observational study was done at our echo lab based on the TEE data of the last 10 years. Sixty-one consecutive adult patients admitted under department of neurology with a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke and referred for TEE were included in the study.

Results:
Sixty one consecutive patients of cryptogenic acute ischemic stroke undergoing TEE were studied. Overall, 33% patients had grossly normal TEE findings. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) was the commonest abnormal finding present in 36%, atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) in 18% and both PFO and ASA were present in 18%. No statistical difference was noted between young (0-50 years) and elderly patients (>50 years) with respect to inter atrial septum abnormalities. Twenty eight percent had atheroma in descending aorta. Left atrial appendage clot or spontaneous echo contrast was present in 5% and vegetation was present in 5%.

Conclusion:
Dilated left atrium was present in 16% and left ventricular dysfunction was present in 18% of the patients. Our results reinforce the idea of a TEE examination in all patients of ischemic stroke which are not explained by routine clinical evaluation and transthoracic echo.
Insight into the composition of organic compounds ( ≥  C6) in PM2.5 in wintertime in Beijing, China
Authors: Lyu Ruihe , Shi Zongbo , Alam Mohammed Salim , Wu Xuefang , Liu Di , Vu Tuan V. , Stark Christopher , Fu Pingqing , Feng Yinchang , Harrison Roy M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Organic matter is a major component of PM2.5 in megacities. In order to
understand the detailed characteristics of organic compounds (≥ C6)
at a molecular level on non-haze and haze days, we determined more than 300
organic compounds in the PM2.5 from an urban area of Beijing
collected in November–December 2016 using two-dimensional gas chromatography
coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-ToF-MS). The
identified organic compounds have been classified into groups, and
quantitative methods were used to calculate their concentrations. Primary
emission sources make significant contributions to the atmospheric organic
compounds, and six groups (including n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons – PAHs, levoglucosan, branched alkanes, n-alkenes and
alkyl-benzenes) account for 66 % of total identified organic compound
mass. In addition, PAHs and oxygenated PAHs (O-PAHs) were abundant amongst
the atmospheric organic compounds on both haze and non-haze days. The most
abundant hydrocarbon groups were observed with a carbon atom range of
C19–C28. In addition, the total concentration of unidentified
compounds present in the chromatogram was estimated in the present study.
The total identified compounds account for approximately 47 % of total
organic compounds (≥ C6) in the chromatogram on both the non-haze
and haze days. The total mass concentrations of organic compounds (≥ C6) in the chromatogram were 4.0 and 7.4 µg m−3 on the non-haze and haze days, respectively, accounting for 26.4 %
and 18.5 % of organic matter, respectively, on those days estimated from the
total organic carbon concentration. Ratios of individual compound
concentrations between haze and non-haze days do not give a clear indication
of the degree of oxidation, but the overall distribution of organic
compounds in the chromatogram provides strong evidence that the organic
aerosol is less GC volatile and hence more highly oxidized on haze days.
Life cycle assessment of combination of anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis: focusing on different options for biogas use
Authors: Mohammadi Ali ,   G. Venkatesh, Sandberg Maria , Eskandari Samieh , Granström Karin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The combination of anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis technologies could be a
novel energy-biochar production system to maximize energy and nutrient
recovery from pulp and paper mill sludge. Herein, the life-cycle energy
production and emissions reduction of sludge treatment from a typical pulp
and paper mill were investigated, in which alternative uses of biogas for
industrial or household application, in different regions of the world, were
assessed. The three scenarios considered for different end-uses of biogas
are: (A) biogas for vehicle fuel in the transportation sector in Sweden, (B) biogas for heat and electricity in the power sector in Brazil, and (C) biogas for cooking in households in China. The results of Environmental
Life-Cycle Assessment (E-LCA) show that for all these three scenarios, the
use of biogas and pyrolysis gas contributes most to emissions mitigation,
while the dewatering and drying processes carried out on the sludge,
contribute the most to the environmental emissions. Addition of biochar to
the soil, contributes significantly to a reduction in global warming by
sequestering carbon in the soil. Compared to scenarios B and C, Scenario A,
in which biogas substitutes gasoline in transportation, and heat from
combusted pyrolysis gases is used for district heating in Sweden,
demonstrates the highest environmental performance for all the evaluated
impact categories.
Attribution of N2O sources in a grassland soil with laser spectroscopy based isotopocule analysis
Authors: Ibraim Erkan , Wolf Benjamin , Harris Eliza , Gasche Rainer , Wei Jing , Yu Longfei , Kiese Ralf , Eggleston Sarah , Butterbach-Bahl Klaus , Zeeman Matthias , Tuzson Béla , Emmenegger Lukas , Six Johan , Henne Stephan , Mohn Joachim 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the primary atmospheric constituent involved in
stratospheric ozone depletion and contributes strongly to changes in the
climate system through a positive radiative forcing mechanism. The
atmospheric abundance of N2O has increased from 270 ppb (parts per billion, 10−9 mole mole−1) during the
pre-industrial era to approx. 330 ppb in 2018. Even though it is well known
that microbial processes in agricultural and natural soils are the major
N2O source, the contribution of specific soil processes is still
uncertain. The relative abundance of N2O isotopocules
(14N14N16N, 14N15N16O,
15N14N16O, and 14N14N18O) carries
process-specific information and thus can be used to trace production and
consumption pathways. While isotope ratio mass spectroscopy (IRMS) was
traditionally used for high-precision measurement of the isotopic
composition of N2O, quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy
(QCLAS) has been put forward as a complementary technique with the potential
for on-site analysis. In recent years, pre-concentration combined with QCLAS
has been presented as a technique to resolve subtle changes in ambient
N2O isotopic composition. From the end of May until the beginning of August 2016, we investigated
N2O emissions from an intensively managed grassland at the study site
Fendt in southern Germany. In total, 612 measurements of ambient
N2O were taken by combining pre-concentration with QCLAS analyses,
yielding δ15Nα, δ15Nβ,
δ18O, and N2O concentration with a temporal resolution of
approximately 1 h and precisions of 0.46 ‰, 0.36 ‰, 0.59 ‰, and 1.24 ppb,
respectively. Soil δ15N-NO3- values and
concentrations of NO3- and NH4+ were measured to further
constrain possible N2O-emitting source processes. Furthermore, the
concentration footprint area of measured N2O was determined with a
Lagrangian particle dispersion model (FLEXPART-COSMO) using local wind and
turbulence observations. These simulations indicated that night-time
concentration observations were largely sensitive to local fluxes. While
bacterial denitrification and nitrifier denitrification were identified as
the primary N2O-emitting processes, N2O reduction to N2
largely dictated the isotopic composition of measured N2O. Fungal
denitrification and nitrification-derived N2O accounted for 34 %–42 % of total N2O emissions and had a clear effect on the measured
isotopic source signatures. This study presents the suitability of on-site
N2O isotopocule analysis for disentangling source and sink processes
in situ and found that at the Fendt site bacterial denitrification or nitrifier denitrification is the major source for N2O, while N2O
reduction acted as a major sink for soil-produced N2O.
Biorrefinaria a partir do tratamento de efluentes de curtume: uma análise preliminar
Authors: Bracher Gustavo Holz , Possa Thais Magalhães , Flores Rubia , Hoss Louise , Manetti Adriana Gonçalves da Silva 
Published: August 2019

O processamento do couro gera grandes quantidades de efluentes que possuem elevadas concentrações de matéria orgânica, nutrientes e produtos químicos tóxicos. Diante da possibilidade de utilizar águas residuárias como um meio de cultivo de baixo custo de cianobactérias para a obtenção de bioprodutos em biorrefinarias, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial de cultivo da cianobactéria Aphanothece microscopica Nägeli em efluentes de curtume para produção de biomassa, bem como sua aplicabilidade no tratamento destes efluentes. Para isso, cultivos da cianobactéria foram conduzidos nos efluentes de um curtume, em um biorreator heterotrófico sob as condições de concentração celular inicial de 200 mg L-1, pH inicial 7,6, temperatura de 25 ºC, aeração contínua e ausência de luminosidade. Durante os estudos, foram realizadas análises da cinética de crescimento da cianobactéria no efluente e dos percentuais de remoção de demanda química de oxigênio, fósforo total e nitrogênio total Kjeldahl do efluente, após o cultivo. Os resultados obtidos indicaram a viabilidade do emprego da cianobactéria, em biorreator heterotrófico, para o tratamento de efluentes de curtume aliado à produção de biomassa, sendo registradas produtividade de 42,67 mg L-1 h-1 de biomassa e eficiências de remoção de 72,3% de demanda química de oxigênio, 94,7% de fósforo total e 51,9% de nitrogênio total Kjeldahl, após 36 h de cultivo.
Farmakogenetski označevalci v terapiji akutne limfoblastne levkemije pri otrocih
Authors: Šmid Alenka , Jazbec Janez , Mlinarič-Raščan Irena 
Published: August 2019

Posamezniku prilagojeno zdravljenje predstavlja sodoben koncept v medicinski praksi, ki temelji na spoznanju, da se posamezniki različno odzivajo na določeno terapijo. Osrednji element prilagojenega zdravljenja predstavljajo biološki označevalci, med katere uvrščamo tudi genetske. Med najuspešnejše primere uvajanja farmakogenetskih označevalcev v klinično prakso z namenom prilagajati odmerjanje zdravil posamezniku sodi zdravljenje akutne limfoblastne levkemije (ALL). Ta predstavlja približno 80 % vseh oblik levkemije, ki se pojavijo pri otrocih, mlajših od 15 let, kar jo uvršča na prvo mesto po pogostosti raka v otroštvu. V zadnjih desetletjih smo bili priča izjemnemu napredku na področju zdravljenja ALL, kljub temu pa je le-to še vedno neuspešno pri nekaterih bolnikih bodisi zaradi toksičnih stranskih učinkov, bodisi zaradi neučinkovitosti uporabljenih zdravil, kar vodi v ponovitev bolezni. Dodaten problem predstavljajo še dolgoročni toksični učinki kemoterapije, ki se lahko pojavijo tudi več let po zaključenem zdravljenju. Prav iz teh razlogov se je v zadnjih letih veliko študij posvetilo odkrivanju bioloških označevalcev, na podlagi katerih bi lahko zdravljenje prilagodili posamezniku in s tem izboljšali njegovo učinkovitost in varnost.
Najbolje proučeni so genetski dejavniki, povezani s toksičnostjo 6-merkaptopurina (6-MP), ki predstavlja temelj vzdrževalnega zdravljenja ALL. Encim tiopurin-S-metiltransferaza (TPMT) igra poglavitno vlogo pri deaktiviranju tiopurinov in v veliki meri vpliva na razlike v odzivu posameznikov na zdravljenje. Znano je, da so za znižane encimske aktivnosti v največji meri odgovorni polimorfizmi v genu za TPMT, vendar je ujemanje med genotipom in encimsko aktivnostjo nepopolno. V zadnjem desetletju so identificirali nove farmakogenetske označevalce, povezane s toksičnostjo 6-MP in drugih zdravil, ki se uporabljajo za zdravljenje otroške ALL, vendar se še ne uporabljajo v klinični praksi.
Le développement de la réflexivité éthique chez des enseignants du collégial : éléments déclencheurs et transformations
Authors: Gohier Christiane , Jutras France , Desautels Luc 
Published: August 2019

La capacité réflexive des enseignants est la principale aptitude requise dans le développement de la compétence éthique. Afin de documenter le processus de développement de la réflexivité éthique, deux groupes d’enseignants de l’ordre collégial ont participé à une recherche collaborative dans laquelle les participants ont privilégié l’étude de cas de problèmes d’ordre éthique. Dans le cadre de cet article, nous nous pencherons sur l’analyse des données provenant de 11 entretiens individuels portant sur le développement de la réflexivité chez ces participants sous quatre angles : les éléments déclencheurs de la réflexivité et les transformations qu’elle a suscitées dans leur conception de l’éthique ainsi que ses retombées sur le développement de compétences et sur la construction de l’identité professionnelle.
Spectacles de variétés et arrivée de la télévision à Saint-Hyacinthe, 1950-1968
Authors: Gaudreau Guy 
Published: August 2019

Basé sur un dépouillement des publicités des deux hebdomadaires de Saint-Hyacinthe, Le Clairon et Le Courrier de Saint-Hyacinthe, l’article aborde l’évolution, entre 1950 et 1968, des spectacles de variétés maskoutains, autant ceux qui se déroulent dans les hôtels sous la forme de cabaret que ceux présentés dans les salles de cinéma. Cet examen parallèle permet de bien cerner l’éventail et la nature de ces spectacles. Si les rares travaux s’intéressant à ce sujet se sont surtout penchés sur la situation des spectacles de variétés à Montréal, nos résultats montrent que ceux-ci n’ont pas connu la même évolution que ceux qui étaient présentés à l’extérieur de la métropole et que la télévision, au début des années 1960 – avec le lancement de Télé-Métropole en 1961 et un changement d’orientation à Radio-Canada –, a joué un rôle marquant dans leur déclin, tant dans les cabarets que dans les salles de cinéma.
A Review on the Flavonoids – A Dye Source
Authors: DEVEOĞLU Ozan , KARADAĞ Recep 
Published: August 2019

In
this study, the short information was given about flavonoids giving yellow
colour to plants present in nature. In addition to these, flavones, flavonols,
flavanones and isoflavonoids as subgroups were also reviewed. Among these
subgroups, flavones and flavonols are one of the most important classes of
phenolic compounds. The information about the most important dye plants
including flavonoids was also given in this study. The investigated plants are
weld (Reseda luteola L.), onion
(Allium cepa L.), young fustic (Cotinus
coggygria SCOP), Anatolian
buckthorn (Rhamnus petiolaris Boiss),
dyer’s greenwood (Genista tinctoria L.) and Spanish broom (Spartium
junceum L.). The most important yellow dyestuff and the oldest European dye among these dye
sources is known as the luteolin dye. The dye plants were used for yellow color dyeing in
ancient and historical textile. Nowadays,
flavonoids are reused for sustainable, non-toxic, green textile and environment
friendly textile dyeing. In the same time, flavonoids have been used for natural
lake organic pigment, cosmetic, pharmaceuitical industries. In recent years, it
has been suggested to use flavones in textile dyeing, cosmetic, pharmaceutical,
etc. industries by the World Health
Organization (WHO). Therefore, we
have aimed to contribute to similar studies theoretical and experimental in
natural dyeing studies.
Kenevir Dokuma Kumaşa Enzimatik Ön İşlemlerin Etkisi
Authors: YILMAZ ŞAHİNBAŞKAN Burcu 
Published: August 2019

Kenevir lifi tarih boyunca tekstil materyallerinde doğal
elyaf olarak kullanılmış, zaman içinde önemini kaybetmiştir. Ancak son yıllarda,
tekstilde biyobozunurluğun ve sürdürülebilirliğin önem kazanması ile alternatif
doğal liflerin önemi de oldukça artmıştır. Kenevir bitkisinin kontrollü
ekiminin serbest bırakılması ile bu lifin
tekstilde kullanım olanakları yeniden araştırılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada,
kenevir dokuma kumaşın enzimlerle ön işlem olanakları araştırılmıştır. NaOH, H2O2
ve α-amilaz, pektinaz, lakkaz enzimleri uygulanarak üç farklı yönteme göre ön
terbiye sonrası kumaş performans özellikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Yöntem 1’de amilaz
ile haşılı sökülen kumaş, NaOH ile hidrofilleştirilip ardından H2O2
ile ağartılmıştır. Yöntem 2’de haşılı sökülen kumaş, pektinazla
hidrofilleştirilip ardından H2O2 ile ağartılmıştır.
Yöntem 3’de kumaş, Yöntem 2’ye göre hidrofilleştirilip ardından lakkazla işleme
tabi tutulmuştur. Kumaşların hidrofiliteleri, renk koordinatları, sarılık
indeksleri, mukavemetleri, uzamaları ve buruşmazlık açıları
değerlendirilmiştir. En iyi hidrofilite (1,46 s) Yöntem 2 sonrası elde
edilmiştir. Enzimatik işlemler sonrası, renklendirme öncesi uygun kumaş zemin renginin
elde edilebilmesi için optimizasyon gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır. İşlemler
kumaşların kopma mukavemetinde ve uzamasında önemli bir değişim meydana
getirmemiştir. Yöntem 1’e göre işlem gören
kumaşların en yüksek buruşmazlık açısına (78°) sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak kenevir elyafın yakın
gelecekte öneminin tekrar artacağı ve endüstriyel tekstil uygulamalarında
kullanım potansiyelinin olduğu söylenebilir.
Velocity and transportation ability of vulnerable people during a community tsunami evacuation drill: Outdoor evacuation using a rollator, transport chair, wheelchair, and cart in Shinyo Bokomi, Kobe, Japan
Authors: Ohtsu Nobuhito , Hokugo Akihiko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, a method is established for planning the practical evacuations of residential areas. The emergency workers and caregivers in a community may use various instruments to transport vulnerable people while evacuating during a tsunami to minimize the number of fatalities. An evacuation drill was conducted in Shinyo Bokomi, Kobe, Japan, by simulating the occurrence of a tsunami. During this drill, the evacuation volunteers evacuated vulnerable persons to a safe destination using rollators, transport chairs, wheelchairs, or carts. Furthermore, all evacuation trials were completed before the estimated tsunami impact time. This study quantitatively analyzed the capacity and quantity of the evacuation transportation. The average evacuation transportation capacities of the rollators, transport chairs, wheelchairs, and carts were 3.7 persons/km/h, 5.1 persons/km/h, 5.4 persons/km/h, and 4.6 persons/km/h, respectively. The debriefing meetings following the drills suggested that the written rescue instructions worked effectively in the drill. We recommend that communities incorporate the usage of such instruments into their evacuation plans and implement the same in their tsunami response.
Patient‐derived in vitro skin models for investigation of small fiber pathology
Authors: Karl Franziska , Wußmann Maximiliane , Kreß Luisa , Malzacher Tobias , Fey Phillip , Groeber‐Becker Florian , Üçeyler Nurcan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo establish individually expandable primary fibroblast and keratinocyte cultures from 3‐mm skin punch biopsies for patient‐derived in vitro skin models to investigate of small fiber pathology.MethodsWe obtained 6‐mm skin punch biopsies from the calf of two patients with small fiber neuropathy (SFN) and two healthy controls. One half (3 mm) was used for diagnostic intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD). From the second half, we isolated and cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Cells were used to generate patient‐derived full‐thickness three‐dimensional (3D) skin models containing a dermal and epidermal component. Cells and skin models were characterized morphologically, immunocyto‐ and ‐histochemically (vimentin, cytokeratin (CK)‐10, CK 14, ki67, collagen1, and procollagen), and by electrical impedance.ResultsDistal IENFD was reduced in the SFN patients (2 fibers/mm each), while IENFD was normal in the controls (8 fibers/mm, 7 fibers/mm). Two‐dimensional (2D) cultured skin cells showed normal morphology, adequate viability, and proliferation, and expressed cell‐specific markers without relevant difference between SFN patient and healthy control. Using 2D cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes, we obtained subject‐derived 3D skin models. Morphology of the 3D model was analogous to the respective skin biopsy specimens. Both, the dermal and the epidermal layer carried cell‐specific markers and showed a homogenous expression of extracellular matrix proteins.InterpretationOur protocol allows the generation of disease‐specific 2D and 3D skin models, which can be used to investigate the cross‐talk between skin cells and sensory neurons in small fiber pathology.