bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Dysfunction in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Firmino Murgel Ana Carolina , Santos Simões Ricardo , Maciel Gustavo Arantes Rosa , Soares José Maria , Baracat Edmund Chada 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual dysfunction occurs in any phase of sexual performance or any period of the sexual response cycle, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects self-image with repercussions on sexuality.

Aim
To evaluate sexual dysfunction in women with PCOS.

Methods
A systematic review was undertaken following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. The primary databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Lilacs were accessed using specific terms. There was no constraint against year of publication. The meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan program version 5.3.

Main Outcome Measure
We evaluated the relationship between sexual dysfunction and PCOS.

Results
The systematic review encompassed 19 studies. The analysis indicated that 11 specific and 6 general instruments were used to measure the sexual function in PCOS women. Of these, the Female Sexual Function Index scale was used most frequently. All studies assessed different aspects of sexual performance in PCOS women, and no difference was found in between women with PCOS and control subjects.

Clinical Implications
Although there were disparities regarding ethnicity, culture, religion, and economy among studies, the available evidence failed to prove a significant link between PCOS and sexual dysfunction.

Strength & Limitations
This systematic review addressed a multidimensional theme with many variables and with a wide diversity of measurement tools. Studies were small, and populations were not homogeneous.

Conclusion
Despite potential risk of bias, such as inhomogeneity of study population, sexual function of both PCOS patients and women with regular menstrual cycles might, in general, be similar.
Quantifying Spatiotemporal Post‐Disturbance Recovery Using Field Inventory, Tree Growth, and Remote Sensing
Authors: Huang S. , Ramirez C. , McElhaney M. , Clark C. , Yao Z. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractForest recovery following a disturbance lasts decades to centuries, and the rate depends on pre‐ and post‐disturbance condition and local environmental factors. Existing approaches of field observations, remote sensing, statistical chronosequence, and ecological modeling have one or more drawbacks, including short time frames, generalized details, indirect indicators, hard parameterization, and defective assumptions. Using aboveground live biomass (AGLB) as an example, we developed an approach called “Disturbance and Recovery Assessment across Space and Time (DRAST).” For a specific post‐disturbance year, DRAST utilizes Field Inventory and Analysis data sets and the Forest Vegetation Simulator, as well as pre‐ and post‐disturbance remote sensing to create two rasters: (1) what the AGLB would look like over the disturbed area had the disturbance not occurred and (2) what the AGLB would look like over the disturbed area in the actual presence of the disturbance. These two rasters are compared annually to examine the spatiotemporal recovery pattern. We demonstrated DRAST with the 2013 Rim fire in California, United States, by creating two sets of AGLB for 100 years. Our results showed that (1) the AGLB consumed by Rim fire was 3.52 Tg and (2) 45.9% of the burned area needs <5 years to recover, followed by 6.4% (5–10 years), 6.1% (>95 years), 5.9% (10–15 years), 5.4% (15–20 years), 4.8% (20–25 years), and 4.3% (25–30 years). In conclusion, DRAST can provide spatially explicit and highly detailed ecological indicators for decades under the two scenarios of “no disturbance” and “actual disturbance occurrence” for recovery analysis.
Synchronization of Great Subduction Megathrust Earthquakes: Insights From Scale Model Analysis
Authors: Rosenau Matthias , Horenko Illia , Corbi Fabio , Rudolf Michael , Kornhuber Ralf , Oncken Onno 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe magnitude of great subduction megathrust earthquakes is controlled mainly by the number of adjacent asperities failing synchronously and the resulting rupture length. Here we investigate experimentally the long‐term recurrence behavior of a pair of asperities coupled by static stress transfer over hundreds of seismic cycles. We statistically analyze long (c. 500 ka) time series of M8‐9 analogue earthquakes simulated using a seismotectonic scale model approach with two aims: First, to constrain probabilistic measures (frequency‐size distribution, variability) useful for hazard assessment and, second, to relate them with geometric observables (coseismic slip pattern, locking pattern). We find that the number of synchronized asperity failures relative to the number of individual asperity failures as well as the coefficients of variation of recurrence intervals and seismic moment scale with the logarithm of stress coupling between the asperities. Accordingly, tighter packed asperities tend to recur more periodically and with a more characteristic magnitude while more distant asperities show clustering of more variable sized events. The probability of synchronized failures seems to be controlled to first order by geometrical relations (i.e., spacing and offset of asperities). The effects of rheological properties are evident but it remains to be explored to which extent they vary in nature and how sensitive the system is to those.
Global Assimilation of Loon Stratospheric Balloon Observations
Authors: Coy L. , Schoeberl M. R. , Pawson S. , Candido S. , Carver R. W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAccurate analyses of stratospheric winds are important for determining realistic constituent transport and providing improved diagnostic studies and forecasts of the stratosphere. This study examines impacts on global meteorological analyses resulting from using winds derived from Loon superpressure balloons in the lower stratosphere (hereafter Loon winds) as additional input observations to the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) data assimilation system. To fully investigate the impacts of assimilating the Loon winds, two steps are taken: (1) comparison of the GEOS analysis winds with Loon winds (Control experiment) and (2) examination of the impacts of assimilating the Loon winds into the GEOS data assimilation system (Loon experiment). The time period selected is June–August 2014 when over 150 Loon balloons were launched, mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. In the middle latitudes, the Loon winds and Control winds agree well (Loon balloon zonal wind observation minus forecast, O − F, root‐mean‐square (RMS) values of ~2.75 m/s) and assimilating the Loon winds has a small impact (O − F RMS values unchanged). In the tropics, the Loon observations and Control analysis winds differ more than in middle latitudes (zonal wind O − F RMS ~3.75 m/s) and assimilating the Loon winds improves the zonal wind O − F RMS by ~1 m/s. In selected cases where the Loon observations and Control analysis differ greatly (O − F RMS values greater than 10 m/s), assimilating Loon winds significantly decreases the zonal wind O − F RMS by 5 m/s. These decreases in O − F RMS values show that the 6‐hr forecasts are improved at the Loon balloon observation locations.
Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks Along a Thermokarst Lake Sequence in Arctic Alaska
Authors: Fuchs Matthias , Lenz Josefine , Jock Suzanne , Nitze Ingmar , Jones Benjamin M. , Strauss Jens , Günther Frank , Grosse Guido 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThermokarst lake landscapes are permafrost regions, which are prone to rapid (on seasonal to decadal time scales) changes, affecting carbon and nitrogen cycles. However, there is a high degree of uncertainty related to the balance between carbon and nitrogen cycling and storage. We collected 12 permafrost soil cores from six drained thermokarst lake basins (DTLBs) along a chronosequence north of Teshekpuk Lake in northern Alaska and analyzed them for carbon and nitrogen contents. For comparison, we included three lacustrine cores from an adjacent thermokarst lake and one soil core from a non thermokarst affected remnant upland. This allowed to calculate the carbon and nitrogen stocks of the three primary landscape units (DTLB, lake, and upland), to reconstruct the landscape history, and to analyze the effect of thermokarst lake formation and drainage on carbon and nitrogen stocks. We show that carbon and nitrogen contents and the carbon‐nitrogen ratio are considerably lower in sediments of extant lakes than in the DTLB or upland cores indicating degradation of carbon during thermokarst lake formation. However, we found similar amounts of total carbon and nitrogen stocks due to the higher density of lacustrine sediments caused by the lack of ground ice compared to DTLB sediments. In addition, the radiocarbon‐based landscape chronology for the past 7,000 years reveals five successive lake stages of partially, spatially overlapping DTLBs in the study region, reflecting the dynamic nature of ice‐rich permafrost deposits. With this study, we highlight the importance to include these dynamic landscapes in future permafrost carbon feedback models.
Machine Learning Estimates of Global Marine Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Tang Weiyi , Li Zuchuan , Cassar Nicolas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMarine nitrogen (N2) fixation supplies “new” nitrogen to the global ocean, supporting uptake and sequestration of carbon. Despite its central role, marine N2fixation and its controlling factors remain elusive. In this study, we compile over 1,100 published observations to identify the dominant predictors of marine N2fixation and derive global estimates based on the machine learning algorithms of random forest and support vector regression. We find that no single environmental property predicts N2fixation at global scales. Our random forest and support vector regression algorithms, trained with sampling coordinates and month, solar radiation, wind speed, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, surface nitrate, surface phosphate, surface excess phosphorus, minimum oxygen in upper 500 m, photosynthetically available radiation, mixed layer depth, averaged photosynthetically available radiation in the mixed layer, and chlorophyll‐aconcentration, estimate global marine N2fixation ranging from 68 to 90 Tg N/year. Comparison of our machine learning estimates and 11 other model outputs currently available in literature shows substantial discrepancies in the global magnitude and spatial distribution of marine N2fixation, especially in the tropics and in high latitudes. The large uncertainties in marine N2fixation highlighted in our study argue for increased and more coordinated efforts using geochemical tracers, modeling, and observations over broad ocean regions.
Modeling Initial Breakdown Pulses of Lightning Flashes Using a Matrix Inversion Method
Authors: Karunarathne Nilmini , Karunarathne Sumedhe , Marshall Thomas C. , Stolzenburg Maribeth 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study describes a new method for modeling the radiated electric field (E) of initial breakdown pulses (IBPs) of lightning flashes. Similar to some previous models, it is assumed that E pulses are caused by a current propagating along a vertical path, and an equation based on Maxwell's equations is used to determine E due to the current. A matrix inversion technique is used with the IBP radiation term of E to determine the IBP current waveform directly from far‐field E measurements rather than assuming a parameterized current waveform and searching for appropriate parameters. This technique is developed and applied to observations of six previously modeled IBPs. Compared to the prior modeling, this matrix inversion method gives significantly better results, based on calculated IBP goodness of fit to the original E data. In addition, this model can match IBP subpulses along with representing the overall bipolar IBP waveform. This method should be useful for studying IBPs because once the IBP current is known, one can calculate other physical parameters of IBPs, such as charge moment change, total charge moved, and total power radiated. Thus, the more realistic IBP current waveform determined by this technique may offer new clues about the physical mechanism causing IBPs.
Leakage and Increasing Fluid Pressure Detected in Oklahoma's Wastewater Disposal Reservoir
Authors: Barbour Andrew J. , Xue Lian , Roeloffs Evelyn , Rubinstein Justin L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Arbuckle Group is the principal reservoir used for wastewater disposal in Oklahoma. In Osage County—a seismically quiet part of the state—continuous measurements of fluid pressure reveal that pressure in the reservoir is increasing by at least 5 kPa annually and sometimes at a much higher rate. Tidal analysis reveals that fluid level changes lead the local strain tides, with no apparent influence from transient permeability changes; this indicates a response that is inconsistent with flow in a radially extensive, confined reservoir. We investigate whether this is due to vertical flow to the water table, vertical flow within the Arbuckle, or local distortions from fractures. While none of these alternative models can fully explain both the observed tidal phases and amplitude ratios, the observed response to teleseismic waves supports a mechanism related to leakage rather than fracture effects. At this location fluid influx associated with wastewater disposal is offset by migration into surrounding layers, which include the Precambrian basement below. Thus, our findings suggest the need to monitor for changes in the induced seismicity hazard, while pore pressures increase in a leaky disposal reservoir.
Hexa‐band SIW cavity antenna system integrating two antennas with high isolation
Authors: Niu Bing‐Jian , Tan Jie‐Hong 
Published: March 2019

A hexa‐band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity antenna system integrating two antennas with high isolation is proposed. A square SIW cavity is divided by a wide slot into two half sub‐cavities. Two narrow slots are etched in the upper sub‐cavity and other two slots are cut in the lower sub‐cavity to achieve multi‐band operation. Six half‐mode resonances with different sizes can occur in a single cavity. They are excited by two coaxial ports to form two integrated antennas. A fabricated sample with the overall size of 0.63λ0 × 0.63λ0 has been measured. The measured frequencies excited by port 1 are 2.31 GHz (f1), 2.91 GHz (f2), and 3.35 GHz (f3). The resonating frequencies excited by port 2 are 2.57 GHz (f4), 3.11 GHz (f5), and 3.61 GHz (f6). The measured gain and efficiency at the above frequencies are higher than 5 dBi and 72%, respectively. Moreover, the measured isolation between these integrated antennas is better than 22 dB within the frequency of interest. The proposed antenna system offers advantages of compact size, hexa‐band operation, high isolation, and unidirectional radiation, which has potential applications in multi‐standard wireless systems.
Influences of Nd doping on preparing Mg2 Si semiconductor thin films by thermal evaporation
Authors: Yu Hong , Luo Yuee , Wang Xuewen , He Yi , Xu Lin , Sun Liping , Liao Lijun , Deng Rui 
Published: March 2019

In this work, the thermal evaporation method was adopted to prepare Nd‐doped Mg2 Si semiconductor thin films on n‐Si(111) substrate. The structure, morphology and optical properties of these Mg2 Si thin films doped with Nd were studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Raman spectroscopy (RAMAN). The XRD results showed that Nd dopant led to weakened Mg2 Si diffraction peaks and bigger lattice constants. The scanning electron microscopy results indicated decreased size of Mg2 Si grains and clusters formed by the grains because of Nd dopant. The RAMAN results showed that the intensity of the characteristic peaks near 256 and 690 cm−1 decreased due to the influence of Nd doping.
Investigations on performance of valveless piezoelectric micropump with concave tuning diffuser/nozzle elements in transient flow
Authors: He Xiuhua , Shi Jiawei , Yang Hang , Lin Nan , Uzoejinwa Benjamin Bernard 
Published: March 2019

A diffuser/nozzle is one of the most frequently‐used channels in a valveless piezoelectric micropump, but its efficiency has not been satisfactory. Hence, optimisation of the channel structure is of great significance. The concave tuning diffuser/nozzle element can obtain steady flow rectification under different Reynolds numbers, and its efficiency is much higher than the conventional diffuser/nozzle element whose diverging angle is >25°. Therefore, the application of concave tuning on the micropump is promising and worth anticipating. In this work, the experiment and numerical simulation were carried out under the conditions of voltage (50–250 vpp), excitation frequency (10–1000 Hz) and Rec (100–1000). The results show that the performance of a micropump with concave tuning is better than that with a straight sidewall, as the pump efficiency is improved significantly. The position and size of vortexes are of great significance to the pump efficiency of the micropumps. The distribution of pressure in the micropumps with concave tuning and straight sidewall was displayed. With the increase of characteristic Reynolds number, the adverse pressure gradient occurred. Compared with the straight sidewall, the concave tuning structure can better withstand adverse pressure gradient and delay the boundary layer separation in the channel.
Detection of spike-like structures near the front of type-II bursts
Authors: Armatas S. , Bouratzis C. , Hillaris A. , Alissandrakis C. E. , Preka-Papadema P. , Moussas X. , Mitsakou E. , Tsitsipis P. , Kontogeorgos A. 
Published: March 2019

Aims. We examine high time resolution dynamic spectra for fine structures in type II solar radio bursts
Methods. We used data obtained with the acousto-optic spectrograph receiver of the Artemis-JLS (ARTEMIS-IV) solar radio spectrograph in the 450–270 MHz range at 10 ms cadence and identified more than 600 short, narrowband features. Their characteristics, such as instantaneous relative bandwidth and total duration were measured and compared with those of spikes embedded in type IV emissions.
Results. Type II associated spikes occur mostly in chains inside or close to the slowly drifting type II emission. These spikes coexist with herringbone and pulsating structures. Their average duration is 96 ms and their average relative bandwidth 1.7%. These properties are not different from those of type IV embedded spikes. It is therefore possible that they are signatures of small-scale reconnection along the type II shock front.
Cementless Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty with a Trabecular Titanium Implant: Results at Short-to-Medium-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Bertagnon Andrea , Celotti Luca , D'Angelo Fabio , Harwin Steven , Vulcano Ettore , Surace Michele 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOver the last two decades, cementless hip prostheses gained increasing popularity. Highly porous, trabecular coatings and their promising bone-friendly properties also came to a wider diffusion. As a consequence, this study was aimed to evaluate clinical and radiographic results at short-to-medium term of cementless prosthetic implants with trabecular titanium cup and titanium femoral metaphyseal stem highly porous coatings. From September 2012 to June 2015 213, cementless total hip arthroplasties were performed in 200 patients. All patients received a cementless Accolade II stem and Tritanium cup with UHMWPE Trident X3 Bearing Technology polyethylene liner. All surgeries were performed using a tissue-sparing modified posterolateral approach. All patients underwent prophylaxis for heterotopic ossifications. For every patient, the following data were collected: age, gender, height, weight, body mass index, blood loss, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin, surgical time, and complications. Harris Hip Score was obtained for every patient. Radiographic measurements were performed using a freeware software (TraumaCAD 2.0). The computed parameters were inclination and anteversion of acetabular cup and presence of heterotopic ossification. The mean follow-up was 37.7 months from surgery. Data were analyzed by SPSS software v 24.0. The postoperative average Harris Hip Score was 87.4 points (range, 40.5–95.7) and 91 patients scored excellent results, with more than 90 points (52.4%). Heterotopic ossifications were seen in 12 patients (6.9%) and correlated to patient weight, surgical timing, and hemoglobin values. There were three cases of dislocation (1.7%) that significantly correlated with cup inclination (R
2 = 17.9; p = 0.018). One cup underwent early revision because of undersizing of the component and subsequent lack of integration, thus leading to an overall survivorship of 99.4%. In conclusion, excellent medium-term functional outcome, patient satisfaction, and low complications rate were observed for the studied implant. A higher incidence of heterotopic ossifications was significantly correlated to patient weight, surgical time, blood loss, and transfusions. Also, inclination of the acetabular cup proved to be correlated to hip dislocation.
Systematic Review of Hearing Preservation in Observed Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Reznitsky Martin , Cayé-Thomasen Per 
Published: March 2019

Objective This is a systematic review of the literature on the spontaneous course of hearing in patients observed with a vestibular schwannoma. Included studies are appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system.
Design PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane library, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) were searched for literature on hearing in patients observed with a vestibular schwannoma.
Participants Of 217 evaluated papers, 15 were included, representing a total of 2,142 patients.
Main Outcome Measures Hearing according to the AAO-HNS (American Academy of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery) classification system. Weighted average of the proportion of patients preserving good hearing (>70% discrimination score and pure tone audiometry [PTA] < 30dB) and serviceable hearing (>50% discrimination score and PTA < 50dB) was determined.
Results Fifty percent of patients presenting with good hearing at diagnosis had preserved this after a mean of 5 years of observation, whereas serviceable hearing was preserved in 54%. Patients with normal discrimination at diagnosis preserve their hearing very well. Very few studies exist on long-term hearing preservation.
Conclusions After 5 years of observation, around half of patients will have preserved good or serviceable hearing. Patients with normal discrimination at diagnosis are more likely to preserve good hearing.