bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POLITICHE DEI REDDITI E SINDACATI. I LIMITI DELL'APPROCCIO ORGANIZZATIVO
Authors: Pappalardo Adriano 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneLa questione del governo politico delle economie capitalistiche è da tempo discussa nella letteratura politologica e, in particolare, nella crescente produzione teorica (ma molto più esiguamente empirica) sul neocorporativismo. In questo sag gio, ci occuperemo di un aspetto centrale di tale questione, le politiche dei redditi o, più precisamente, le politiche di controllo dei salari. L'argomento, in verità, non è nuovo e, anzi, si può dire studiatissimo da economisti di tutte le scuole. Ma questi, d'altro canto, si concentrano su una controversia (tuttora irrisolta) che qui non ci interessa (cioè, sull'efficacia antinflazioni-stica delle politiche dei redditi), mentre di rado dedicano analisi sistematiche e sufficientemente informate alle loro condizioni politico-istituzionali. Né, del resto, tali condizioni sono state esaminate in un'ottica comparata dagli stessi politologhi, salvo un paio di ottimi, recenti contributi sui quali dovremo ritornare sia per trarne spunti e ipotesi da sottoporre a più approfondita verifica, sia per correggerne alcune conclusioni.
I MOVIMENTI POLITICI A BASE ETNICA: IL CASO BASCO
Authors: della Porta Donatella , Mattina Liborio 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneNel corso degli ultimi venti anni in molte regioni dell'emisfero nord-occidentale sono riemersi quei movimenti politici a base etnica il cui declino era sembrato ineluttabile dopo la ridefinizione dei confini nazionali seguita alle due guerre mondiali. Tali movimenti hanno perseguito obiettivi diversi da un caso all'altro — dalla difesa della lingua regionale alla richiesta dell'autonomia politica, all'indipendenza — e talvolta anche divergenti tra le diverse componenti del medesimo schieramento. Nonostante le differenze essi sono stati contrassegnati da una comune caratteristica: quella di rivalorizzare attributi culturali oggettivi condivisi dai loro militanti — la razza, la lingua, la religione, l'insediamento in un determinato territorio, il riferimento a precedenti istituzioni, simboli, tradizioni storiche. Questi attributi sono serviti ad alimentare processi di identificazione politica che ai governi centrali è stato richiesto di riconoscere. Tuttavia, sebbene l'esistenza di attributi culturali oggettivi comuni ai membri di gruppi etnici sia stata una condizione necessaria del riemergere dei movimenti, non ne ha però costituito il fattore decisivo.
IL PARADIGMA “ NEOPLATONICO ” NELLE SCIENZE POLITICHE E SOCIALI
Authors: Gangemi Giuseppe 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneSi intende per assioma un principio indimostrabile posto come fondamento o come premessa del discorso matematico. Secondo l'accezione formalista oggi prevalente un assioma è accettato per convenzione e la produzione di nuovi assiomi va considerata libera. Prima del prevalere di questo punto di vista, per assioma si intendeva, secondo l'accezione razionalista, un principio intuitivo ed autoevidente e, secondo l'accezione empirista in genere e di J.S. Mill in particolare, una generalizzazione dall'esperienza.
CONSOLIDAMENTO DEMOCRATICO: DEFINIZIONE E MODELLI
Authors: Morlino Leonardo 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneIl presente lavoro presenta, in maniera sintetica ed essenziale, un tema di ricerca e alcuni problemi ad esso connessi, la cui importanza è immediatamente evidente. Tra la metà degli anni settanta e l'inizio del decennio successivo si sono iniziati e, in parte o del tutto, conclusi, i processi di instaurazione democratica in paesi come il Portogallo, la Spagna e la Grecia nell'area mediterranea o come l'Argentina, il Brasile, l'Uruguay, il Però, la Bolivia nell'America meridionale o anche come il Messico, il Salvador, il Guatemala e l'Honduras nell'America centrale. Tutti questi paesi si sono trovati o si trovano ancora a dover affrontare il successivo problema di consolidare e rendere persistenti le proprie nuove strutture politiche. Per meglio valutare l'ampiezza del fenomeno basterà riflettere sul fatto che esso riguarda circa un terzo delle democrazie attualmente esistenti. Inoltre, i problemi del consolidamento sono stati cruciali per altre democrazie europee come l'Italia, la Germania, l'Austria, la Francia o, in un diverso contesto, come il Giappone tra la fine degli anni quaranta e l'inizio del decennio successivo, e per altri paesi dell'America Latina quali Colombia, Costa Rica e Venezuela tra gli anni sessanta e i primi anni settanta. Si tratta, dunque, non solo di un fenomeno attualmente molto ampio, ma anche di grande rilievo nell'immediato passato.
The attached algal flora of the estuary and Firth of Forth, Scotland
Authors: Wilkinson M. , Scanlan C. M. , Tittley I. 
Published: May 2019

SynopsisA current intensive mapping scheme for Forth seaweeds shows the normal attenuation gradient of species going upstream in the estuary with the existence of two areas of species depletion in the firth, around Kirkcaldy and Edinburgh. Ordination of species presence data suggests the continuation of estuarine influence into the firth and the possibility of slight differences in composition of the flora between the north and south banks in the mid and inner firth. Impoverishment of the flora around Edinburgh since the 19th century can be ascribed to increased pollution, but possibly also, to a lesser degree, to shore reclamation. Following abatement of sewage pollution, differences in the recovery of the algal flora on different shores may be related to the nature of the pollution-induced animal community. Recent work on the upper estuarine flora of the many small, highly-stratified sub-estuaries of the Forth system has revealed a marked shore zonation pattern of smaller mat-forming species.
Aspects of the molluscan fauna of the rocky shores of the Firth of Forth and Forth estuary, Scotland
Authors: Berry A. J. , Smith Shelagh M. 
Published: May 2019

SynopsisMolluscan species diversity decreased westward from the North Sea into the Forth with decreasing diversity of habitats, decreasing algae and increasing turbidity of water. Species diversity varied little from year to year or seasonally at individual sites. Adult Littorina littorea in particular were larger at lower than at higher shore levels, and larger in the outer than the inner firth or estuary, while Nucella lapillus adults were of more uniform size throughout the area.Population parameters and reproductive output of L. littorea and L. saxatilis in the estuary varied without strict relation to mere position between open firth and up-estuary sites. On the other hand, shells of L. saxatilis became progressively wider, breeding seasons of L. littorea were longer and less defined, breeding in L. saxatilis became more sharply seasonal and eggs of L. saxatilis had greater weight, calorific value and inorganic content at up-estuary sites. L. littoreashowed two-weekly peaks in spawning on spring tides while L. saxatilis showed monthly peaks in release of young near times of full moon.Comparison of fresh material and stranded shells with material from beach deposits up to 5500′ years old indicates changes in populations with changes in climate about 550 BC. Size of Littorina spp. continued to decrease while numbers of Mytilus edulis increased greatly near the onset of the industrial revolution.
The role of heat pumps for the wise use of energy
Authors: Lopez-Cacicedo C. L. 
Published: May 2019

SynopsisHeat pumps allow the reuse of what might otherwise be waste heat by upgrading such energy to useful temperature levels. Industrial applications to evaporation, distillation and drying are briefly described, together with heat pumps' place within process integration, using examples from the Scottish distilling industries. It is shown that heat pumps are another tool available for energy use optimisation.
Comparison of the phosphorus status of soils managed organically and conventionally
Authors: Lengnick Laura L. , King Larry D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSoils from adjoining farms, one managed organically and the other managed conventionally, were used in a greenhouse study to compare soil P status and the efficiency of concentrated superphosphate (CSP) and North Carolina rock phosphate (RP). Soil and plant parameters were measured as indicators of levels of soil P forms and availability of soil P to soybeans (Glycine max L.). Management did not affect dry matter yield of soybean plants. Conventional management resulted in higher P concentration in the plant and higher P uptake when CSP was the P source. However, when RP was the source, management effect was not significant. RP was only 15% as effective as CSP in increasing yield. When no P was applied, organic management resulted in greater total soil P, organic P, and Ca phosphate (CaP); conventional management resulted in greater Al and Fe phosphate (AlFeP) and occluded AlFeP (OcP). Addition of CSP increased AlFeP and OcP. Addition of RP increased CaP. CSP was more effective than RP in increasing extractable soil P. Multiple regression analysis showed that extractable P was related to AlFeP when CSP was the P source and to CaP when RP was the source. Yield was related to extractable P when CSP was the P source but when RP was the source, no significant regression models were found for yield.
Farmers' opinions about third-wave technologies
Authors: Lasley Paul , Bultena Gordon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper examines farmers' opinions about eight relatively new technologies. Data from a statewide sample of Iowa farmers provide the basis for examining the correlates of support for new technology. Evidence from a series of statewide surveys indicates that farmers are becoming concerned about environmental problems associated with conventional agricultural practices and are interested in alternative production systems. The data show that some new technologies are widely supported among farmers; in other cases farmers expressed considerable hesitancy or opposition to them. This paper draws on previous adoption research to examine the differential support of these technologies among farmers. From this earlier research two sets of variables, personal characteristics and farm characteristics, have been found to be important predictors of farmers' opinions about new technology. The analysis from new data shown here finds generally weak relationships between personal and farm characteristics with level of support for new technologies. Given the generally weak relationships between personal and farm characteristics and support for new technology, the paper argues that other factors need to be included in future research on the adoption of new technology.
Justice and the Possibility of Good Moralism in Bioethics
Authors: HÄYRY MATTI 
Published: May 2019

Abstract:Moralism in bioethics and elsewhere means going beyond accepted moral principles, either by exaggerating good ethical concerns, by applying them to areas where they do not belong, or simply by assuming anything else than concrete physical or mental harm as normative guides. This paper explores the conceptual background of moralism especially in the consequentialist tradition, presents cases of allegedly bad moralism in the light of this exploration, introduces six approaches to justice, and argues that these approaches question our prevailing views on the goodness and badness of moralism in its various forms.
The Challenge of Survival
Authors: Fahey Morgan 
Published: May 2019

There remains a challenge to improve worldwide, the medical response, and the ground safety response to the disaster of an aircraft crash. Statistically more survive all crashes than perish, and if an aircraft crashes with survivors, in most cases there will be more survivors than dead.The challenge of survival is to ensure that if an aircraft does crash, the medical and rescue response to this disaster must be immediate, competent, technically skilled and adequately equipped to save the maximum number of lives possible, and to help preserve the quality of life for all who survive. Improving safety standards has been stimulated by the excellent work of the Flight Safety Foundation, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the United States Air Line Pilots Association — in particular by Captain John Stefanski and by the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine.Many will recall that at the meeting of the Club of Mainz Association held in Monaco in 1979, a committee was appointed to investigate aircraft crash management at 100 international airports. The task of the Airport Disaster Workshop was to develop a model of emergency care for large and smaller airports, in order to produce a standard for the various groups of airports. The Club of Mainz Association has been concerned with the poor standard of medical response that has been shown at recent flight disasters. As a member of this consultant committee, it was obvious even from very early days of my research that the medical response to aircraft crash in some countries with high air traffic flows is incompetent, inadequate, and demonstrates little awareness of advances in resuscitation and on-site care of aircraft crash survivors.
Immediate Care for the Private Pilot
Authors: Baskett Peter J.F. 
Published: May 2019

Private aviation being popular, there are many light planes in regular use. Several of these are operated by pilots in training through local flying clubs. There is naturally a risk every time a plane takes to the air, but the statistics show that the risk is actually quite small. Most insurance companies do not increase their premiums for private pilots flying for pleasure. The most common emergencies which arise in light aircraft are caused by deteriorating weather conditions, fuel shortage, engine failure or pilot error.Accidents caused by the inept pilot usually occur during take-off or landing. Gusting wind conditions can produce an unexpectd stall position when there is inadequate height to recover. The strong vortices generated in the wake of high powered jet engines can turn over a light plane which is following too closely at take-off or landing in the circuit. Accidents may also occur during flight because of the pilot's failure to fly at the correct height on the correct course and communicate properly to the local air traffic control. Fear of being made to look incompetent often results in the inexperienced pilot failing to ask for help when he is in doubt or in trouble.If problems such as engine failure or fuel starvation occur, however, all is not lost since, unlike their enormous commercial counterparts, light planes have excellent gliding characteristics and can usually make an emergency landing. Requiring only a relatively short landing run if full flaps are used, they can often find a suitable site free from buildings and people.
Triage 81
Authors: Mathews T.P. 
Published: May 2019

In recent years a number of disasters have been handled less than perfectly. Large numbers of patients are sent to the medical facility with little or no warning. Hysterical relatives and friends also arrive, plus the media and curiosity seekers. Well-meaning volunteers and off-duty medical people begin to fill in where each individual thinks he or she fits in best. Soon the rooms and the corridors of the hospital are filled with people lying, standing and sitting. All sorts of treatments are attempted, orders for assistance go unanswered and general confusion reigns.For many years the military have claimed leading roles in disaster care, giving and taking orders more readily than do most groups of medical civilians. It is the nature of their business to plan for disaster. They take the time to practice and may even be able to test their concepts during wartime.Primary to all these plans is triage or sorting with “the object being to provide preferential treatment for those who could be attended readily and returned to battle, leaving aside those with more complex injuries until either they could be transported or time became available” (1).Watt writes that in 1863 a Doctor Moyle tried to convince military sugeons to adopt a triage system to save lives: “Death, wounds, … limbs lacerated and torn off, wounds from muskets or splinters, bayonet wounds, all these appalling and horrible injuries have to be coped with in a few minutes…” He suggested a system of dividing casualties into three groups: slight, serious and fatal and argued that immediate live-saving surgery be done on the severely injured only if the slightly injured were deferred and the fatally injured put aside (2).
Aeromedical Transport of the Seriously Ill Patient
Authors: Mathews T.P. 
Published: May 2019

Most of us are aware of the medical airlifts that were practiced by the United States Air Force during the Korean and Viet Nam conflicts. Likewise, we read regularly of the air transport of one or more severely burned patients from the scene of an accident to the Burn Center at Brooke Army Medical Center in San Antonio, Texas. But what is not generally known is the daily movement of patients who are armed forces members, or their dependents, throughout the world for the purpose of receiving sophisticated medical care, regardless of where they may be stationed.The reasons for this service are two: first, quite obviously, it is humanitarian; second, it is a way for the Air Force to maintain medical readiness for their wartime mission by exercising this system on a daily basis during peacetime. We are talking about a worldwide network whose major and minor branches sweep around the globe.Patients are air transported according to three levels of need: routine, high priority, and urgent. This article will be limited to a general description of the necessary hardware and current practices used for the urgent mission.We use three types of aircraft: the Huey helicopter for short distances; the C-9, a two-engined jet, for medium range; and the C-141, a four-engined jet, for intercontinental transport. The medical modifications to the C-9 include a built-in ramp; a nurses' station similar to that found on a hospital ward, complete with built-in drug and equipment cabinets; multiple sources for oxygen and suction; and ready communication fore and aft. Seats can be quickly removed, leaving space for litters in tiers, infant isolettes and Stryker frames.
Emergency Medicine in the United States. Role in Disaster Planning and Management
Authors: Feldstein Bruce 
Published: May 2019

International organizations such as the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine (Club of Mainz) have brought attention to the need for improved worldwide emergency medical services (EMS) systems and disaster preparedness (1). Similar concerns in the United States (US) for improved emergency medical care have resulted in the organization of emergency medicine as a new medical specialty (2). The practice of this specialty of medicine in some ways differs from the practice of emergency medicine, reanimation medicine, or resuscitology, in Europe. In the United States, emergency medicine specialists provide emergency care for the full range of emergency health conditions, including accidents and trauma, medical emergencies, toxicologic emergencies, psychiatric and social emergencies, and disasters. This care is provided primarily in hospital emergency departments and includes the immediate initial recognition, evaluation, treatment and disposition of these patients with acute illness and injury. For continuing care, patients are referred to their own physicians.Emergency medicine physicians provide medical direction for community EMS and supervise the prehospital emergency medical care provided by non-physicians (emergency medical technicians and paramedics). Emergency physicians engage in the administration, research and teaching of all aspects of emergency medical care. They also provide consultation to governmental and nongovernmental organizations on emergency health care issues. Recently, with the basic framework of emergency medicine established, attention is being given to disaster planning and management.
Nutritional State of Children in Jalalaksi Refugee Camps, Somalia
Authors: Hussein A. Shek , Yussuf M.I. , Tarsitani G. , Curti A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMigration of whole populations, driven by natural calamities or war in search for safe territory, has come to the attention of International Organizations. The sanitary situation of refugee camps in Somalia which take care of the nomad populations arriving from the contested Ogaden territory, has been studied in Nov.-Dec. 1980 at the refugee camp of 3alalaksi. A study of the environment and organization of the camp was made to examine housing, water supply, sewage and alimentation. The nutritional state of refugees was recorded. The anthropometric data of 1185 children, including weight, height and arm circumference according to age and sex have provided interesting comparisons.
Simulation of the Crash of a Heavy Transport Plane on the International Airport Roissy–Charles–de–Gaulle
Authors: Lapandry C. , Valeri L. , Fleury M. , Bergot J. , Cupa M. 
Published: May 2019

Airline companies, the Director of the International Paris Airport, and sanitary and administrative authorities of the Seine-Saint-Denis Dpt of SAMU were asked to organize a simulation of an aircraft crash on the site of the Charles-de-Gaulle airport. The two main purposes of this simulation were to check the efficiency of the rescue means from a technical point of view, the delays in the organization, and the coordination of services.The scenario was an accident during take-off of a big jet. The fuselage of the plane was in three parts. There was an intense fire in the middle one. The crash happened at the end of the runway, on soft ground which was normally unapproachable for ordinary vehicles. The casualties were distributed according to aircraft accidents statistics; 200 military personnel and 30 volunteers of Civil Security participated. The victims were classified into 5 groups: 1) uninjured (30 in front and 40 in rear); 2) slightly injured (15 in frontand 15 in rear); 3) severely wounded (8 in front 4 in center, and 8 in rear); 4) critically injured (5 in front, 6 in center, and 4 in rear)); and 5) dead (95 in center).The injured were simulated by first aid workers who had been trained and made up so as to be seen by the rescuers. Besides, they were given a tag on which was indicated the group, the types of injuries, the delay of survival without care, the necessary time for the diagnosis, and the appreciation of the victims.
Rescue from a Deep Well
Authors: Fava E. , Rossi M. 
Published: May 2019

The impromptu and unforseeable problems, which the physician faced who was called upon to help a boy who had fallen into a deep well, are illustrated. Inability to recover the boy rapidly required oxygen and fluids to be provided in the well for over 2 days. The reasons why heroic efforts failed to save him will be presented in this rescue case report.In reoccurring types of disasters, such as earthquakes and fires, the type of aid required can be predicted from previous experiences and results. Sometimes in cases involving one individual, who due to special circumstances is in danger of losing his life, rescue organizations have difficulty in organizing and providing the special aid required, which touches public sympathy, creating a state of general anxiety and interest. An unusual and dramatic case, the accidental fall of a boy into a deep well, had these characteristics. The intensive care unit (ICU) of our hospital had to deal with this extraordinary event. National and worldwide news media gave extensive coverage and direct transmission, with emotional details, ending with the drama of human life and the attempted rescue.In the afternoon of 3une 10, 1981, in Vermicino, on the rural outskirts of Rome, a 6 year old boy did not return home. After carrying out an anxious and fruitless search, the parents informed the local authorities. The police continued the search, until they finally heard from the tunnel opening of an unmarked well the tearful wail of the boy.