bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/potassium sodium niobate (KNN)–based nanofibrous web: A unique nanogenerator for renewable energy harvesting and investigating the role of KNN nanostructures
Authors: Teka Abebe , Bairagi Satyaranjan , Shahadat Md. , Joshi Mangala , Ziauddin Ahammad Sk. , Wazed Ali S. 
Published: June 2018

In the recent era, finding renewable energy sources that are environmentally benign the main focus of scientific community around the globe. There is a plenty of renewable energy sources that are currently being researched such as solar power, thermal energy, wind energy, salinity gradients, and kinetic energy. Polymer‐ceramic–based nanocomposite piezoelectric material is known for quite some time for energy harvesting, but the real challenge lies as it requires very high loading of the ceramic part to obtain the required property and thus almost makes the system nonflexible. Developed material needs to be poled later on to use it as an electric energy generator from ambient mechanical movement. This current study is the first time attempt to produce a simple yet unique lightweight energy harvester using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/potassium sodium niobate (KNN) nanostructures–based nanocomposite flexible fibrous web where the material is in situ poled during its production using an electrospinning setup. At the beginning, various parameters were identified to synthesize and modulate KNN as nanostructural materials having higher aspect ratio, which is intended to provide a unique connection between KNN once these are embedded within the fibrous matrix. The incorporated KNN nanostructure having higher aspect ratio was also found to act as a beta nucleating agent in PVDF matrix and enhances the β‐phase crystal into the resultant fibrous web, which in turn increases the piezoelectric energy‐harvesting capacity manifold as compared with bare PVDF fibrous web. The in situ alignment of the nanostructured KNN (with a minimum loading, 5% only) into the fibrous nanocomposite is another achievement to obtain higher output. X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the mixture of α‐ and β‐crystalline phase of pure PVDF, which gets converted into β phase once KNN nanostructures are incorporated inside the nanofibrous web. An output voltage of 1.9 V was obtained from PVDF/KNN nanocomposite–based web, which is significantly higher (38 times) than generated voltage (50 mV) from the pure PVDF nanoweb without any subsequent poling operation.
Porous poly(vinyl formal) foam prepared using poly(vinyl alcohol) of low degree of polymerization
Authors: Li Yuanpeng , Deng Jianguo , Zhang Junhua 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPoly(vinyl formal) (PVF) foams are usually prepared using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) of high degree of polymerization, the most reported degree of polymerization being 1700. In the work reported, PVA of low degree of polymerization of 500 was used to prepare PVF foams, which is a great challenge because of the weaker hydrogen bond interaction than that for a higher degree of polymerization. By changing the concentration (from 10 to 20 wt%) of PVA solution, PVF foams were successfully obtained. It was found that a higher PVA concentration prevented foam volume shrinkage and the best concentration was 16 wt%. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the PVF foams had two kinds of pore structures, closed and open cell. The water absorption capacity and thermal properties of the PVF foams were carefully investigated. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based polymer fibrils formation by changing molecular conformation during film formation
Authors: Chen Liang , Zhao Kefeng , Cao Xinxiu , Liu Jiangang , Yu Xinhong , Han Yanchun 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe microstructure of conjugated polymers film is strongly dependent on factors such as the conformation and the film formation processing. In this article, we show how to induce more planarization conformation of conjugated polymer backbone during film formation processing and finally leading to the fibrils formation of the cast film. The conjugated polymer we used is poly[[2,5‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐2,3,5,6‐tetrahydro‐3,6‐dioxopyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐diyl]‐alt–[[2,2′‐(2,5‐thiophene)bis‐thieno[3,2‐b]thiophen]‐5,5′‐diyl]] (PDPPTT‐T). The main solvent is chloroform (CF), the aliphatic 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO) is used as the additives, which has similar solubility parameter to the conjugated polymer side chain, is a bad solvent to the conjugated backbone and has a lower volatility than CF. Thus, during the film formation, chloroform was evaporated faster than the additive. After the chloroform evaporated completely, the side chain was still dissolved in the additive, which decreases the steric hindrance and improves planarization conformation of the conjugated backbone of PDPPTT‐T. Films processed using the aliphatic additives have fibrillar morphology while films cast from the CF solvent were featureless. TEM images reveal that the fibrils were about 30 nm in width and several hundred nanometers in length. The backbones of PDPPTT‐T were parallel to the long axis of fibrils. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1079–1086
A Scalable Procedure for the Synthesis of BAMO
Authors: Azizi Ali Reza , Fakhraian Hossein , Karrabi Behzad 
Published: June 2018

Abstract3,3‐bis(azidomethyl)oxetane (BAMO) homopolymer is used as binder in the formulation of some solid propellants. Herein, the synthesis of BAMO by two methods (three or two steps) has been reinvestigated following which, using pentaerythritol as a starting material, chlorination, oxetane ring formation and finally azidation of the produced oxetane have been performed. Following three steps method, the yield of the principal product of the first step (pentaerythritol trichloride) was increased by optimizing the reaction temperature, reaction time and proportional amount of the starting materials. The products of the first step were used in the second step without any further purification, using different amount of base and varying reaction time, affording 3,3‐bis(chloromethyl)oxethane (BCMO) as the principal product with increased yield. The reaction mixture of the second step was lead to the third step where, using excess amount of base and sodium azide, all the reactants coming from the first and second step (BCMO and other side products as pentaerythritol tetrachloride and 3‐chloromethyl‐3‐hydroxymethyl oxetane) were transformed to BAMO. Overall yield via three steps following optimized conditions was 60 % based on pentaerythritol. All products in each step were recognized by GC and GC‐MASS and BCMO and BAMO were also characterized by IR, 13C‐NMR and 1H‐NMR. In another attempt and following a two steps method, the products of the first step (chlorination of pentaerythritol) were used without any further purification in the second step where simultaneous usage of base and sodium azide (and conjoint formation of oxetane ring and its azidation) has afforded BAMO with an overall yield of 75 %.
Using MGD Gravitational Decoupling to Extend the Isotropic Solutions of Einstein Equations to the Anisotropical Domain
Authors: las Heras Camilo , León Pablo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this work is to obtain new analitical solutions for Einstein equations in the anisotropical domain. This will be done via the minimal geometric deformation (MGD) approach, that allow us to decouple the Einstein equations. It requires a perfect fluid known solution that we will choose to be Finch‐Skeas(FS) solution. Two different constraints were applied, and in each case we found an interval of values for the free parameters, where necesarly other physical solutions shall live.
Potential role for histone deacetylation in chronic diazepam‐induced downregulation of α1‐GABAA receptor subunit expression
Authors: Auta James , Gatta Eleonora , Davis John M. , Pandey Subhash C. , Guidotti Alessandro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCorroborating evidence indicate that the downregulation of GABAA receptor subunit expression may underlie tolerance to the anticonvulsant and anxiolytic actions of benzodiazepine (BZ) ligands that act as full allosteric modulators (FAMs) of GABA actions at a variety of GABAA receptor subtypes. We and others have shown that 10‐14 days treatment with increasing doses of diazepam (a FAM) resulted in anticonvulsant tolerance and decreased the expression of the α1 GABAA receptor subunit mRNA and protein in frontal cortex. In addition, we have also shown that long‐term treatment with imidazenil, a partial allosteric modulator of GABA action at selective GABAA receptor subtypes, fail to change the expression of the α1 subunit mRNA or induce tolerance to its anticonvulsant or anxiolytic action. However, little is known regarding the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms on long‐term BZ‐induced downregulation of GABAA receptor subunit. Therefore, we examined the role of histone acetylation and DNA methylation mechanisms on long‐term diazepam‐induced downregulation of the α1 subunit mRNA expression in rat frontal cortex. We found that 10 days treatment with increasing doses of diazepam but not imidazenil decreased the expression of the α1 GABAA receptor subunit mRNA and promoter acetylation in frontal cortex. In addition, we also found that 10 days treatment with diazepam but not imidazenil increased the expression of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 and 2 in frontal cortex. Thus, the increased expression of HDAC1 and HDAC2 (class 1 HDACs) and consequently increased histone deacetylation mechanism of this class 1 HDACs, may underlie long‐term diazepam‐induced decreased expression of the α1 GABAA receptor subunit mRNA in frontal cortex.
Polarimetric X‐band weather radars for quantitative precipitation estimation in mountainous regions
Authors: Yu Nan , Gaussiat Nicolas , Tabary Pierre 
Published: June 2018

In order to minimize the economic and social impact of hazardous weather in the Alps, three X‐band dual‐polarization radars were deployed in the southeast of France during the RHYTMME project in 2011–2013 and more recently have been incorporated formally into the conventional radar network already operating S‐ and C‐band radars. In this mountainous region, the radars' beam shielding by the complex terrain, the very different altitudes of the radars, the significant attenuation at X‐band and the low density of rain‐gauges have made the integration of these radars into the operational service a challenging exercise. In this article, the framework used to evaluate the corrections applied to the volume data produced by the radars is presented and the residual errors related to the partial beam blockages, the attenuation by rain, the wet radome, and the melting layer are carefully studied and disentangled. The results of the analysis suggest that: (a) the beam blockage correction requires the use of a much higher resolution digital elevation model (DEM) in mountainous regions than the 250 m resolution DEM currently uses, (b) the dual‐pol reflectivity (Zh) attenuation correction used at Météo‐France performs well in the rain but the differential attenuation on Zdr is overestimated, (c) the attenuation of wet snow is underestimated and a mean error of 2 dB is induced by the melting layer in spring and autumn, (d) the wet radome, as well as producing significant attenuation on Zh, induces differential attenuation on Zdr. The attenuation in the melting layer is further investigated taking advantage of the height difference between the radar sites. A new specific attenuation coefficient for wet snow is suggested and it is shown to reduce the seasonal bias on three particular events observed in spring and autumn.
Rain attenuation statistics at Ka‐band estimated from weather radar observations in Belgium
Authors: Lukach Maryna , Quibus Laurent , Vanhoenacker‐Janvier Danielle , Delobbe Laurent 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis paper presents rain attenuation statistics for satellite‐ground transmission links at Ka‐band based on 10‐year reflectivity observations from a C‐band weather radar. The ground receiving station and the radar are both located in Belgium. Only precipitation under the freezing level is considered, and the attenuation produced by hail is removed by applying a reflectivity threshold. The radar‐derived attenuations are analyzed to investigate the influence of elevation and azimuthal angles on the attenuation statistics. It is shown that the azimuthal dependence is extremely low. In contrast, the exceedance probability for a given attenuation threshold strongly increases with decreasing elevation angles, as foreseen by ITU‐R recommendations. The radar‐derived attenuations are used to estimate rain attenuation complementary cumulative distribution functions computed according to ITU‐R recommendations for a low Earth orbit satellite. The sensitivity to the hail reflectivity threshold is very limited. In contrast, our results show that reliable attenuation statistics cannot be obtained without taking carefully into account the height of the freezing level. Monthly averages of the freezing levels allow producing satisfactory results, but it is recommended to incorporate freezing level heights with high temporal and spatial resolutions.
Study on surface structure of plasma‐treated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer by slow positron beam
Authors: Wang Zheng , Luo Yi , Zheng Feng , Zhang Ni , Yin Chongshan , Li Jingjing , He Chunqing , Peng Xiangyang , Huang Zhen , Fang Pengfei 
Published: June 2018

In this paper, the variations in surface structure of polydimethylsiloxane elastomers before and after argon plasma treatments have been investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, slow positron beam, and scanning electron microscope. An inorganic silica‐like layer was probed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy after 3 minutes or longer time of treatments, and the sample surface turned into totally hydrophilic. Short time (1 and 2 min) plasma exposure mainly removed preexisting low molecular weighted (LMW) siloxanes on sample surface. By using slow positron beam, the thicknesses of silica‐like layer for 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐minute–treated samples were estimated to be around 30, 66, and 91 nm, respectively. Beneath the silica‐like layer, a loose polymeric structure was also detected, which was ascribed to the accumulation of LMW siloxanes. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the silica‐like layer cracked after 10 minutes of plasma treatment, which provided direct diffusion pathways for LMW siloxanes. Hence, 10‐minute–treated sample showed rather low organic composition near surface. Slow positron beam provides valuable depth profile information for evaluating the surface aging condition of polydimethylsiloxane composite.
Pyrimidine‐Pyrazole Hybrids as Morpholinopyrimidine‐Based Pyrazole Carboxamides: Synthesis, Characterisation, Docking, ADMET Study and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Vekariya Mayur K. , Vekariya Rajesh H. , Patel Kinjal D. , Raval Nirav P. , Shah Prapti U. , Rajani Dhanji P. , Shah Nisha K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWith the utilization of molecular hybridization, a series of novel morpholinopyrimidine based distinctive pyrazole carboxamides were designed and synthesized in an attempt to develop newer antimicrobial agents against the increasing bacterial resistance. Structure of final targeted compounds were confirmed by spectral analysis i. e. 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and Mass spectra. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their preliminary in‐vitro antibacterial activity against a panel of pathogenic strains of bacteria and fungi, antituberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. In addition to this, In‐silico molecular docking study and ADME properties were likewise studied for the targeted compounds. It was inferred that from the series, Fluorinated anilide derivatives of morpholinopyrimidine clubbed with pyrazole carboxylate emerged out as potential antimicrobial candidates from the in‐vitro antimicrobial assay.
Water Tetramer Confinement and Photosensitive Schottky Behavior of a 2D Coordination Polymer
Authors: Ahmed Faruk , Datta Joydeep , Sarkar Sirajuddin , Dutta Basudeb , Jana Atish Dipankar , Ray Partha Pratim , Mir Mohammad Hedayetullah 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA mixed‐ligand divalent coordination polymer (CP) [Cu2(muco)2(py)4]⋅4H2O⋅2EtOH (1) has been synthesized by the reaction of Cu(ClO4)2⋅6H2O and pyridine (py) with trans, trans‐muconic acid (H2muco). The compound 1 has two‐dimensional (2D) sheet structure with approximately a square‐grid network containing one‐dimensional (1D) channels. Lattice water molecules are located in the void spaces and form discrete Z‐type water tetramer cluster. Interestingly, the compound 1 formed a Schottky interface with Al material which is supported from the impedance spectroscopy (IS) based network analysis. The photosensing parameters show that the material is well responsive to the illumination with sound detectivity power and rectification ratio. Therefore, this material has potential to be used as a Schottky diode as well as a photosensing device.
RETRACTED: How reliable is fetal occiput and spine position assessment prior to induction of labor?
Authors: Kamel R. , Youssef A. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the reliability of fetal occiput and spine position determination in nulliparous women prior to induction of labor (IOL), and to evaluate identification of fetal occiput and spine positions prior to IOL in the prediction of labor outcome.MethodsA series of 136 nulliparous women were recruited prospectively, immediately after the decision to perform IOL was made. Transabdominal ultrasound was performed to determine fetal head and spine positions. After at least 1 h, and prior to IOL, fetal occiput and spine positions were reassessed. Fetal occiput and spine positions were then compared between women who underwent vaginal delivery and those who delivered by Cesarean section.ResultsOn the first and second assessments, respectively, fetal occiput position was anterior in 55 (40.4%) and 62 (45.6%) women, transverse in 52 (38.2%) and 49 (36.0%) women, and posterior in 29 (21.3%) and 25 (18.4%) women, while fetal spine position was anterior in 58 (42.6%) and 52 (38.2%) women, transverse in 42 (30.9%) and 50 (36.8%) women, and posterior in 36 (26.5%) and 34 (25.0%) women. Discordance between the first and second assessments of fetal occiput position was identified in 34 (25.0%) women, whereas discordance of fetal spine position was observed in 40 (29.4%) women. The incidence of fetal occiput posterior position in women undergoing Cesarean section was comparable to that in the vaginal‐delivery group (19 (18.8%) vs 6 (17.1%); P = 0.826), which was similarly the case for fetal posterior spine position (27 (26.7%) vs 7 (20%); P = 0.428). Women with fetal occiput posterior position had a longer induction‐to‐delivery interval in comparison to those with non‐occiput posterior fetal position (1786 ± 805 vs 1347 ± 784 min; P = 0.013).ConclusionsFetal occiput and spine positions are dynamic in a considerable proportion of women undergoing IOL, and their assessment does not seem to correlate with mode of delivery. Occiput and spine position assessment in women prior to IOL is unlikely to be clinically useful. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The all-loop conjecture for integrands of reggeon amplitudes in $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ SYM
Authors: Bolshov A. E. , Bork L. V. , Onishchenko A. I. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper we present the all-loop conjecture for integrands of Wilson line form factors, also known as reggeon amplitudes, in$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$N=4SYM. In particular we present a new gluing operation in momentum twistor space used to obtain reggeon tree-level amplitudes and loop integrands starting from corresponding expressions for on-shell amplitudes. The introduced gluing procedure is used to derive the BCFW recursions both for tree-level reggeon amplitudes and their loop integrands. In addition we provide predictions for the reggeon loop integrands written in the basis of local integrals. As a check of the correctness of the gluing operation at loop level we derive the expression for LO BFKL kernel in$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$N=4SYM.
Constraints on light Dark Matter fermions from relic density consideration and Tsallis statistics
Authors: Guha Atanu , Das Prasanta Kumar 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

The cold dark matter fermions with mass MeV scale, pair produced inside the supernova SN1987A core, can freely stream away from the supernovae and hence contributes to its energy loss rate. Similar type of DM fermions (having similar kind of coupling to the standard model photon), produced from some other sources earlier, could have contributed to the relic density of the Universe. Working in a theory with an effective dark matter-photon coupling (inversely proportional to the scale Λ) in the formalism of Tsallis statistics, we find the dark matter contribution to the relic density and obtain a upper bound on Λ using the experimental bound on the relic density for cold non-baryonic matter i.e. Ωh
2 = 0.1186 ± 0.0020. The upper bound obtained from the relic density is shown with the lower bound obtained from the Raffelt’s criterion on the emissibity rate of the supernovae SN1987A energy loss

$$ \overset{\cdot }{\varepsilon}\left({e}^{+}{e}^{-}\to \chi \overline{\chi}\right)\le {10}^{19} $$

ε
⋅

e
+

e
−

→
χ

χ
¯

≤

10
19

erg g−1s−1 and the optical depth criteria on the free streaming of the dark matter fermion (produced inside the supernovae core). As the deformation parameter q changes from 1.0 (undeformed scenario) to 1.1 (deformed scenario), the relic density bound on Λ is found to vary from ∼ 4.9 × 107 TeV to 1.6 × 108 TeV for a fermion dark matter (χ) of mass m

χ
= 30 MeV, which is almost
10 times more than the lower bound obtained from the SN1987A energy loss rate and the optical depth criteria.
Clinical guidelines for primary sclerosing cholangitis 2017
Authors: Isayama Hiroyuki , Tazuma Susumu , Kokudo Norihiro , Tanaka Atsushi , Tsuyuguchi Toshio , Nakazawa Takahiro , Notohara Kenji , Mizuno Suguru , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Serikawa Masahiro , Naitoh Itaru , Hirooka Yoshiki , Wakai Toshifumi , Itoi Takao , Ebata Tomoki , Okaniwa Shinji , Kamisawa Terumi , Kawashima Hiroki , Kanno Atsushi , Kubota Keiichi , Tabata Masami , Unno Michiaki , Takikawa Hajime ,   PSC guideline committee Members: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Japan) Research Project, The Intractable Hepatobiliary Disease Study Group
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Background
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is relatively rare disease and pathogenesis and methods of treatments were still not established. Then, we had conducted the making clinical guidelines to manage patients with PSC based on the literature review and expert opinions. These clinical guidelines were made for the medical doctors on the management of PSC, except child case of PSC.

Methods
We had employed modified Delphi method. The production committee decided guidelines, strength of recommendations and evidence level after reviewed literatures systematically, and The Expert panel evaluated those. The Scientific Committee of the Japan Biliary Association (JBA) evaluated revised guidelines, and the Public comments were collected on web site of JBA.

Results
We had made 16 guidelines about epidemiology/pathophysiology, diagnostics, therapy and prognosis. Also, we had made both diagnostic and therapeutic flow chart.

Conclusions
We hope that these guidelines will contribute to the improvement and development of the medical care of PSC.