bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bronchiectasis: a case-based approach to investigation and management
Authors: Contarini Martina , Finch Simon , Chalmers James D. 
Published: July 2018

Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease characterised by a syndrome of productive cough and recurrent respiratory infections due to permanent dilatation of the bronchi. Bronchiectasis represents the final common pathway of different disorders, some of which may require specific treatment. Therefore, promptly identifying the aetiology of bronchiectasis is recommended by the European Respiratory Society guidelines. The clinical history and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) features can be useful to detect the underlying causes. Despite a strong focus on this aspect of treatment a high proportion of patients remain classified as “idiopathic”. Important underlying conditions that are treatable are frequently not identified for prolonged periods of time.The European Respiratory Society guidelines for bronchiectasis recommend a minimal bundle of tests for diagnosing the cause of bronchiectasis, consisting of immunoglobulins, testing for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and full blood count. Other testing is recommended to be conducted based on the clinical history, radiological features and severity of disease. Therefore it is essential to teach clinicians how to recognise the “clinical phenotypes” of bronchiectasis that require specific testing.This article will present the initial investigation and management of bronchiectasis focussing particularly on the HRCT features and clinical features that allow recognition of specific causes.
Cardiorespiratory fitness among adults with fibromyalgia
Authors: Gaudreault Nathaly , Boulay Pierre 
Published: July 2018

This review presents and addresses the conflicting results on cardiorespiratory fitness among adults with fibromyalgia. The heterogeneity in study designs, symptom severity and the assessment protocols might partly explain these conflicting results. It also presents the possible relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise prescription, attrition from exercise/rehabilitation programmes and independence with activities of daily living.Cardiorespiratory fitness might impact aerobic exercise and independence in daily activities of patients with fibromyalgia, which is often concomitantly diagnosed in patients with sleep disordered breathing, including patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Therefore, cardiorespiratory fitness evaluation should be considered by general and respiratory physicians as well as physiotherapists who treat patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia for more accurate diagnosis, exercise prescription and monitoring of patients’ status.Key pointsAdults with fibromyalgia often present with reduced cardiorespiratory fitness.Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness might have an important impact on functional capacity and quality of life.Adults with fibromyalgia who have a secondary condition affecting their ventilatory anaerobic threshold and/orV′O2peak, for example chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, might present with a greater reduction of their cardiorespiratory fitness which may not be entirely related to their lung disease.Educational aimsTo better understand the cardiorespiratory fitness results among adults with fibromyalgia in general, and when taking into account differences in assessment protocol (maximalversussubmaximal testing protocol; cycle ergometerversustreadmill testing protocol) and symptom severity (fibromyalgia severity level).To better understand how cardiorespiratory fitness among adults with fibromyalgia could: 1) assist in exercise prescription; 2) minimise dropout rates from exercise/rehabilitation programmes; and 3) promote independence with activities of daily living.To learn why fibromyalgia might be important to consider in adults who have concurrent fibromyalgia and lung disease.
A prospective cohort study assessing the clinical utility of the Cottle maneuver in nasal septal surgery
Authors: Bonaparte James P. , Campbell Ross 
Published: July 2018

Background A nasal septal deviation can have a significant detrimental effect on a patient's quality of life. Nasal valve collapse (NVC) often co-exists with a septal deviation. The Cottle maneuver is one of the most common methods to diagnose NVC; however, no study has assessed the efficacy of this physical exam finding. This study tests the hypothesis that patients with nasal obstruction due to a septal deviation with a negative pre-operative Cottle maneuver will demonstrate a greater improvement in their Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score, compared to patients who demonstrate a positive pre-operative Cottle maneuver, when assessed at 12 months following a septoplasty with turbinate diathermy. Methods This was a prospective Cohort Study. The population was 141 patients with nasal obstruction due to a septal deviation with or without nasal valve collapse, excluding patients with bilateral complete nasal valve collapse. Patients were placed in cohorts according to the results of the Cottle maneuver (positive or negative). A NOSE questionnaire was administered at baseline and 12-months after a septoplasty with turbinate diathermy. Non-adjusted NOSE scores were used (score out of 20). An ANOVA was used to compare if there was a difference in outcomes between patient cohorts. Results One hundred and forty-one patients completed 12-month follow-up with 71.5% of patients demonstrating a positive Cottle maneuver at baseline. The mean (95% C.I.) difference in NOSE score at 12 months between patients with a positive Cottle versus a negative Cottle was 0.18 (− 1.6 to 1.92; p = 0.38). Conclusion In a univariate, single surgeon study, a positive Cottle Maneuver does not appear to influence outcomes in the described patient population compared to those with a negative Cottle Maneuver when undergoing a septoplasty.
Dealer Liquidity Provision and the Breakdown of the Law of One Price: Evidence from the CDS–Bond Basis
Authors: Choi Jaewon , Shachar Or , Shin Sean Seunghun 
Published: July 2018

We examine dealers’ liquidity provision against mispricing in the corporate bond market from 2005 to 2009. Dealers on average serve as stabilizing liquidity providers by trading against widening price gaps between corporate bonds and credit default swaps (the CDS–bond basis). However, dealers cut back on liquidity provision as they suffer losses, mispricing becomes wider, or the funding situation worsens, consistent with the limited capital capacity of financial intermediaries. We also show that the unwinding of basis arbitrage trading can amplify mispricing by documenting that bond returns following the Lehman collapse were very low for bonds with strong preexisting basis arbitrage activity and for bonds underwritten by Lehman Brothers. Liquidity demand due to the exit of arbitrageurs can be a major driver of disruption in credit markets. This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
Understanding Cancer
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: July 2018

This is the first in a series of articles regarding cancer. The series will address specific types of cancer, it will discuss the incidence and distribution of cancer, epidemiology, risks and possible causes, signs and symptoms, how a diagnosis is made and treatment options. The articles will also provide a glossary of terms and multiple-choice test questions. Almost everyone knows someone with cancer and the healthcare assistant and associate practitioner (HCA and AP) will undoubtedly care for people with cancer. This article provides an overview of cancer—what it is and how it manifests itself. Understanding key issues can help the HCA and AP ensure that the care they offer is safe and patient-centred.
Effects of encapsulation matrix on physical properties and germination viability of calcium-alginate encapsulated plbs of Grammatophyllum scriptum
Authors: PITOYO ARI , ANGGARWULAN ENDANG , ARIZA IKA 
Published: July 2018

Pitoyo A, Anggarwulan E, Ariza I. 2017. Effects of encapsulation matrix on physical properties and germination viability of calcium-alginate encapsulated plbs of Grammatophyllum scriptum. Cell Bio Dev 1: 36-40. Grammatophyllum is a tropical epiphytic orchid commonly found in the moist areas of South-East Asia. Like most orchid species, the genus comprises species with a very small, micro-size seed mass and lacked endosperm.These plants commonly need an in vitro culture for mass propagation and seed germination. Upon germination, their undeveloped-embryos developed a globular mass cells, a protocorm. Occasionally, a structure similar to protocorm arises from tissue other than an embryo, thereby the term protocorm-like body (plb) were introduced. Here, we develop synthetic seed, hydrogel beads encapsulated G. scriptum plbs and possibility to germinate the seed and growth their embedded tissue.The objective of the research was to study the effects of the proportion of encapsulation matrix of G scriptum Bl.Synthetic seed made by complexation of sodium alginate with CaCl2 on physical properties and germination of protocorm-like bodies (plbs) embedded inside the hydrogel. The experiment was designed by a single factor-completely randomized design with the treatments of several combinations of Na-alginate/CaCl2ratios.The result showed that CaCl2 in all concentration except 25 mM formed spherical hydrogel beads in all level concentration of Na-alginate. Alginate in concentration 2% and 3% gave the optimum result represented by maximum germination index 100%.The formation of the new plbs varied among different explants even in single explant.The time of germination of each synthetic seeds was varied from 2 weeks until eight weeks after encapsulation.In conclusion, physical properties have no significant barrier for developing plbs to emergencies through penetration encapsulation matrix.
An Update on the Impact of Forging Residual Stress in Airframe Component Design
Authors: Ball Dale L. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In a recently concluded study, the effects of forging process–induced bulk residual stresses on fatigue life were evaluated at both the coupon and large component level. During this program, it was demonstrated that the extraction of confounding residual stress effects from material property data (especially fatigue crack growth rate data), coupled with the explicit inclusion of forging residual stresses in subsequent fatigue analyses, resulted in a significant improvement in the fidelity of those analyses. In the first phase of the program, coupon-level tests were carefully designed, executed, and analyzed, and it was shown that the newly developed methods resulted in analysis versus test life correlation ratios that were either within the United States Air Force (USAF) required scatter factor of 2, or were conservative. This is in contrast to a much broader scatter band (5x) for calculations made using traditional (non–residual-stress-informed) methods. The explicit residual stress method was incorporated into an integrated structural design/analysis tool suite that allows zoning of parts into residual stress–specific regions, automated generation of location-specific fatigue spectra, automated execution of fatigue crack initiation, fatigue crack growth, and residual strength analyses, and automated generation of fatigue-based design, allowable stresses, and margins of safety. In the second phase of the program, the residual stress design procedure was applied (to the furthest extent possible) to the design and manufacture of a large, fighter aircraft bulkhead. The objective of this phase of the program was to demonstrate, by way of two large component fatigue tests, that the technology would scale to the structural level, and that its use would result in components that are either lighter or more durable (or both) than their traditionally designed counterparts. In this article, we compare and contrast the traditional versus residual stress–informed design procedures, and we describe in detail the resulting baseline and “optimized” test articles. A full description of the fatigue tests, along with comparisons between detailed fatigue calculations and test findings, are given.
Experimental Measurements of J
c-Values for a Low Alloy Structural Steel Using Nonstandard Bend Specimens and Evaluation of the Reference Temperature, T
Authors: Barbosa Vitor Scarabeli , Ruggieri Claudio 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This work experimentally investigates the cleavage fracture behavior of a high strength, low alloy structural steel using standard and nonstandard single-edge notched bend specimens, including nonstandard precracked Charpy-type configurations tested under three-point bending. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of geometry and loading mode on fracture toughness using nonstandard bend specimens under three-point and four-point loading. Fracture toughness testing conducted on various bend specimen geometries extracted from an ASTM A572, Standard Specification for High-Strength Low Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel, Grade 50 steel plate provides the cleavage fracture resistance data in terms of the J-integral at cleavage instability, Jc. The experimental results show potential effects of specimen geometry and loading mode on Jc-values that can help to mitigate the effects of constraint loss often observed in smaller fracture specimens. An exploratory application derived from the master curve methodology to determine the reference temperature, T0, also provides additional support for using nonstandard bend specimens in routine fracture applications.
Problems in English Communicating Skills for Learners of English
Authors: Ahmed Dr. Ishag Adam Hassan 
Published: July 2018

This paper is devoted to presenting the methods in English communicating skills for Learners of English in general and the problems specific to University of Bahri. English language major’s graduates then; it discusses the notion of communicative competence, and defines strategic competence. It also briefly deals with the various definitions of communication strategies and taxonomies of conversation strategies. Also, I give brief definition of the word conversation, that is the act of talking together or exchange ideas, opinions, skills, and information. As accustomed, speaking is natural and automatic but communication is an art which must be learned and practiced. Also the aim of this paper is to present you with suitable suggestions about how you can solve problems while reading English? In order to comply with this objective: we considered two variables. The first one is that within our daily practice at the university we have students with different abilities while reading English. Therefore, we need to help them increase the ability in reading comprehension. However, we don’t have enough teachers and needed resources to supply them with the help they need. The second variable is related to the fact that at University there are different centers where the students’ skills can improve and their reading comprehension skills deficiencies could be overcome by getting help from the teachers. This study is small component of a larger curriculum review exercise. The findings of study in general suggest that both students and English language lecturers were in agreement that Sudanese students had a problem in writing and speaking English and due to that the conversational problems are raised. Finally, the paper concludes by representing the pedagogical implications of conversation strategies.
PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF DEVELOPMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN RELATION WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK (ESSE-RF IN KEMEROVSKAYA REGION)
Authors: Tsygankova D. P. , Shapovalova E. B. , Maksimov S. A. , Artamonova G. V. 
Published: July 2018

Aim. Evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors influence on the development of cardiovascular events (hospitalization, coronary and carotid surgery, death) in prospective study.Material and methods. Analysis was performed by the results of multicenter epidemiologic study “Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors in Russian Federation (ESSE-RF)” in Kemerovskaya oblast, collected on a random sample of adult inhabitants, age 25-64 y. o. (n=1628). With the first screening, by interviewing, the data collected, on the main cardiovascular risk factors and objective data. In the prospective part of the study, in 4 years after primary screening, in participants and their families the data collected by phone interviewing, on cardiovascular events. Combinational endpoint was evaluated, by the class of cardiovascular pathology: death + hospitalization + surgery on coronary/carotid vessels. Combined influence of the studied factors was assessed with logistic regression.Results. Among the parameters of objective study, statistically significantly influenced the probability of combination endpoint development the age (OR=1,06 in 95% CI 1,02-1,09), male gender (OR=3,79 in 95% CI 1,88-7,61); influence of anamnesis of myocardial infarction is close to significant (OR=2,43 in 95% CI 0,73-8,10). Of the questionnaire-based parameters, significant influences on the probability of combinational endpoint development depression (OR=2,38 in 95% CI 1,32-4,29). Close to significant — absence no family status (OR=1,75 in 95% CI 0,98-3,13) and decreased life quality by EUROQOL-EQ-5D (OR=1,21 in 95% CI 0,98-1,49).Conclusion. A significant impact on the probability of cardiovascular diseases development during 4 year period of the study, do influence the age, male gender and depression.
DO CHILDHOOD CONDITIONS OF LIFE INFLUENCE COGNITION AT ADULT AGE?
Authors: Imaeva A. E. , Kapustina A. V. , Balanova Yu. A. , Muromtseva G. A. , Deev A. D. , Shalnova S. A. , Shkolnikov V. М. 
Published: July 2018

Aim. To assess changes of cognitive function in population older 55 y. in relation with childhood life conditions.Material and methods. The study is a part of prospective cohort trial “Stress, ageing and health”. Totally, 1816 participants included, of those 20% (358) with declined cognitive ability. Childhood life conditions were evaluated with the questions: “Characterize the place where you spent most of your childhood”, “Education level of your parent”, “When you were growing up, was your family wealth better or worse than average that times?”, “When you were growing up, how often you went to bed with hunger due to lack of food in your family?”. Life quality was measured with the score Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and decreased life quality was set if less than 24 points from 30. Associations were evaluated with logistic regression after correction for social and demographic parameters, alcohol intake status and diagnoses of arterial hypertension and stroke.Results. With analysis of decreased cognitive function association and conditions of life, it was found that childhood in rural areas increases the risk of the problem 1,6 times (p=0,001). Higher education of father (not mother) decreases the risk of lower cognitive functioning by 45% (p=0,001). There were significant associations of hunger in childhood with decreased cognitive function (p=0,006). Also, the lower wealth in the family where participant was growing up, the higher risk of decreased cognitive functioning at later stage of life (HR 1,68 (95% CI 1,07-1,94) p=0,02).Conclusion. Results of the current study witness on the presence of adverse childhood life circumstances and cognition decline at adulthood.
Factors Affecting Opioid Treatment in Cancer Patients
Authors: Symeonidi Matina , Panagiotou Irene , Tsilika Eleni , Roumeliotou Anna , Galanos Antonis , Mystakidou Kyriaki 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: Pain is prevalent in cancer patients, appearing to be moderate to severe in more than one third of them. Despite the fact that fentanyl is widely used with effective analgesic results, some patients do not correspond to treatment, resulting in opioid change. Methods: This is a cohort study, performed in Greek patients with cancer. Its scope was to identify potential reasons responsible for opioid change, due to transdermal-fentanyl intolerance, resulting from inadequate analgesia (pain relief<33% in 1week) and/or unacceptable adverse-events (grade≥3 at Common Terminology Criteria-v4.0). The final sample included 289 participants. To investigate responsible reasons for transdermal-fentanyl intolerance we studied its relation with patients’ history, haematology, biochemistry, body-mass-index, demographic and disease related characteristics. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status scale, the Mini Mental State Examination questionnaire, the M.D.Anderson Symptom Inventory and the Greek Brief Pain Inventory were also used to measure performance status and quality-of-life for the same reason. Results: Almost one third of the patients had to change to an alternative opioid oral-morphine in order to achieve adequate analgesia or/and avoid adverse-events. The most common adverse-events observed were nausea/vomiting and sleepiness. Statistical analysis demonstrated that younger age (OR=0.976) and obesity (OR=0.29 against underweight, OR=0.39 against normal, OR=0.48 against pre-obese) had a higher possibility to contribute to modification of the analgesic treatment. Furthermore, a higher impact of symptoms in patient’s life (OR=1.184) and chemotherapy (OR=2.109) could also contribute to the need of change of the opioid analgesic medication. Conclusion: This study found significant variables for transdermal-fentanyl intolerance. This knowledge may help person-center care in moderate to severe cancer pain. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Beneficial effect of minimal interference on item memory but not on source memory in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kapogiannis Dimitrios , El Haj Mohamad 
Published: July 2018

Objectives: Research suggests beneficial effects of minimal interference on item memory in
mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We conducted a study to test whether these beneficial effects extend to
source memory, i.e., the ability to remember the episodic context in which an information was previously
acquired.

Method:
Twenty-six mild AD participants and 28 controls manipulated six objects or watched the experimenter
manipulating six other objects. After immediate item recall (“what were the items?”) and
source recall (“by whom the items were previously manipulated?”), an interference or a minimal interference
condition was administrated. In the interference condition, participants were assessed with neuropsychological
tests for 10 min. In the minimal interference condition, they rested alone in a dark and
quiet room for 10 minutes. Both interference and minimal interference conditions were followed by the
delayed recall, on which participants were asked to remember the previously-presented objects and their
source.

Results:
Higher item memory was observed following minimal interference than following interference
in AD participants (p < .01) and controls (p < .01). Also, AD participants demonstrated higher item
memory on immediate recall than following interference (p < .001) or minimal interference (p < .001);
controls also demonstrated higher item memory on immediate recall than following interference (p <
.001) or minimal interference (p < .001). Considering source memory, similar source memory was observed
following interference and minimal interference in AD participants (p > .1) and controls (p > .1).
Also, AD participants demonstrated higher source memory on immediate recall than following interference
(p < .001) or minimal interference (p < .001); controls also demonstrated higher source memory on
immediate recall than following interference (p < .001) or minimal interference (p < .001).

Conclusion:
Failures of hippocampus-dependent associative or consolidation processes in AD may preclude
benefits of minimal interference for source memory. Nevertheless, AD patients may show some
capacity to retain simple material, should the material presentation be followed by short delays that are
free of further stimuli.