bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New advances in RSV: Is prevention attainable?
Authors: Zar Heather J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), hospitalization, and mortality in infants and young children globally. The greatest burden of severe disease and mortality occurs in low‐middle income countries (LMICs), with large and vulnerable childhood populations. The highest rates of RSV‐hospitalization occur in healthy‐term infants under 3 months of age. Preterm infants, children with chronic lung disease of prematurity, Down's syndrome, congenital heart disease, or immunodeficiency also have a higher risk of severe RSV‐LRTI. Early‐life RSV‐LRTI has also been associated with chronic sequelae, including recurrent LRTI, recurrent wheezing, asthma, and lung function impairment. A RSV pre‐fusion (F) maternal vaccine and long‐acting monoclonal antibody (nirsevimab) have been licensed for the prevention of RSV‐LRTI in infants and young children. Studies show high efficacy and effectiveness particularly for preventing severe RSV‐LRTI. Maternal RSV vaccine given at 24–36 weeks of pregnancy was effective in preventing RSV medically attended LRTI and severe RSV‐LRTI through 6 months after birth in a phase 3 study conducted in 18 countries over two RSV seasons. Vaccination was safe with no significant difference in adverse events between infants born to mothers who received RSV preF vaccine compared to placebo. A numerical imbalance in preterm births that occurred predominantly in South Africa, unrelated to vaccine timing or gestational age at vaccination and unassociated with mortality, coincided with COVID‐19 delta and omicron waves. Nirsevimab, given as a single dose prior or during the RSV season, had high efficacy in preventing RSV‐LRTI hospitalization in infants in preterm and in full‐term infants, as well as in young children with underlying conditions through 150 days post administration in phase 2 and 3 trials. High effectiveness against hospitalization or severe disease in infants and in at‐risk children up to 2 years of age has also been reported in several countries where implementation has occurred. RSV‐LRTI is now a preventable disease in infants and young children. Rapid implementation of these highly effective interventions has occurred in many high‐income countries, but access remains very limited in LMICs. Access to such RSV preventive interventions is urgently needed for all children to strengthen child health and promote global equity.
Shannon Wavelet‐Based Approximation Scheme for Information Entropy Integrals in Confined Domain
Authors: Banik Sayan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this work, the author attempted to develop a Shannon wavelet‐based numerical scheme to approximate the information entropies in both configuration and momentum space corresponding to the ground and adjacent excited energy states of one‐dimensional Schrödinger equation appearing in non‐relativistic quantum mechanics. The development of this scheme is based on the judicious use of sinc scale functions as an approximation basis and a suitable numerical quadrature to approximate entropies in position and momentum spaces. Priori and posteriori errors appearing in the approximations of wave functions and entropy integrals have been discussed. The scheme (coded in Python) has been subsequently exercised for various exactly solvable and quasi‐exactly solvable non‐relativistic quantum mechanical models in confined domain.
Quantitative Assessment of Ecological Flow in the Yellow River Under Changing Environments
Authors: Guo Wenxian , Jiao Xuyang , Wang Baoliang , Huang Lintong , Wang Hongxiang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTStudying the streamflow characteristics of the Yellow River mainstem under changing environmental conditions is crucial for the management and sustainable development of water resources within its basin. This research employs a long short‐term memory (LSTM) model to restore the flow characteristics of the Yellow River's mainstream under natural conditions. Additionally, the range of variation approach (RVA) and nonparametric kernel density estimation (KDE) method are integrated to quantitatively assess the impact of environmental changes on streamflow. The findings indicate that: (1) Hydrological variability in the Yellow River was observed in 1985, with a degree of variability ranging from 26% to 58%, classified as moderate. (2) The annual ecological flow value of the Yellow River is 560–1001 m3/s, and the average annual ecological flow assurance is 43%. (3) Based on LSTM simulation results (NSE > 0.7, R2 > 0.8), it is concluded that the ecological flow assurance under natural conditions in the Yellow River exceeds the measured values, primarily due to human activities, which contribute over 52% to this discrepancy. These results suggest that the river ecosystem of the Yellow River's mainstem is relatively unstable and requires further management.
Heterogeneous Mediation Analysis for Cox Proportional Hazards Model With Multiple Mediators
Authors: Sun Rongqian , Song Xinyuan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study proposes a heterogeneous mediation analysis for survival data that accommodates multiple mediators and sparsity of the predictors. We introduce a joint modeling approach that links the mediation regression and proportional hazards models through Bayesian additive regression trees with shared typologies. The shared tree component is motivated by the fact that confounders and effect modifiers on the causal pathways linked by different mediators often overlap. A sparsity‐inducing prior is incorporated to capture the most relevant confounders and effect modifiers on different causal pathways. The individual‐specific interventional direct and indirect effects are derived on the scale of the logarithm of hazards and survival function. A Bayesian approach with an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is developed to estimate the conditional interventional effects through the Monte Carlo implementation of the mediation formula. Simulation studies are conducted to verify the empirical performance of the proposed method. An application to the ACTG175 study further demonstrates the method's utility in causal discovery and heterogeneity quantification.
MgCo2O4@g‐C3N4 Composite Induced Peroxymonosulfate Activation for Effective Degradation of Tetracycline Under Visible Light
Authors: Xu Yang , Liao Huiwei , Deng Qiulin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe composite Fenton catalyst was prepared by attaching MgCo2O4 to the surface of g‐C3N4 using a one‐pot method after preparing MgCo2O4 through co‐precipitation. The microstructure of the composites was analyzed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and other characterization methods. The catalytic activity of the composites towards tetracycline (TC) was studied, and a possible catalytic mechanism was proposed. The experimental results indicate that the degradation of TC by MgCo2O4@g‐C3N4 reached almost 99.0 % within 30 min in the presence of PMS and visible light. The combination of MgCo2O4 and g‐C3N4 improved the absorption of visible light, and the energy level‐matched heterojunction facilitated the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, accelerating the redox cycle of ≡Co3+/≡Co2+. The free radical quenching experiment confirmed that the main active substances were free radical ⋅O2− and 1O2. The one‐step synthesis of composite catalysts exhibits high catalytic performance and good stability, offering a potential solution for the efficient treatment of tetracycline wastewater.
Effects of Acetylation on the Morphological, Physicochemical, and Thermal Properties of Enterolobium cyclocarpum Starch
Authors: Canto‐Pinto Jorge C. , Pérez‐Pacheco Emilio , Ríos‐Soberanis Carlos R. , Ortiz‐Fernández Alejandro , Estrada‐León Raciel J. , Moo‐Huchin Víctor M. , Pérez‐Padilla Yamile 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of acetylation treatment on Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Parota) starch, focusing Morphological, Physico‐chemical and thermal impact induced by varying acetylation levels. The research employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to examine the structural and thermal alterations resulting from acetylation. These analyses also evaluated the starch's thermal stability. Through titration, the degree of substitution and acetyl group content were quantified, demonstrating significant morphological transformations in the starch, such as increased particle size and the appearance of surface cracks on the granules. The study revealed that the degree of substitution, which changes with the duration of acetylation, markedly influences the starch's physicochemical properties, including hydrophobicity and thermal stability. Initially, acetylation reduced the gelatinization temperature, suggesting a decrease in the energy required for gelatinization. Over longer acetylation periods, however, the gelatinization temperature increased, likely due to enhanced crystallinity or molecular reorganization. These findings indicate that acetylated Parota starch has potential applications in the food industry as an encapsulating agent and in the thermoplastics industry as a plasticizer, dependent on the level of acetylation. This research underscores the utility of specific chemical modifications to adapt starch properties for various industrial applications.
Novel Polyphenolic Hybrids Modulate Quorum Sensing Regulated Virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Dua Tamanna , Chadha Jatin , Goel Akshita , Mangal Surabhi , Mittal Nisha , Sharma Purshotam , Harjai Kusum , Singh Vasundhara 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNaturally occurring substituted benzoic acids, known for their exceptional biological activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were reacted with various aldehydes, aniline, and tert‐butyl isocyanide at 25 °C to give the desired hybrids with good to excellent yield in the range of 60–85 % and well characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, IR, and HPLC analysis. Molecular docking and simulation studies of compounds were conducted which predicted a high affinity towards quorum‐sensing (QS) receptors of P. aeruginosa. The polyphenolic hybrids were first screened for anti‐QS activity using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL4 biosensor strain, followed by examining the antivirulence potential of selected hybrids against P. aeruginosa PAO1 in vitro. The highest degree of AHL (acyl homoserine lactone) inhibition in PAO1 was observed with the compound having a maximum number of phenolic groups. The hybrids in this investigation were also found to be non‐cytotoxic (biocompatible) towards HEK cells and may be further tested for their therapeutic efficacy against P. aeruginosa infections in vivo. It has been observed that the anti‐QS activity is directly proportional to the number of hydroxyl groups on the aromatic ring and one of the major contributing factors can be their chelating capacity as depicted by CAS shuttle assay.
Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor Constructed by Ferrocene‐Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Rapid Recognition and Determination of Tryptophan
Authors: Li Qingtong , Sun Yu , Ma Shuang , Xu Hang , Duan Mengge , Zhang Chunjing , Zhen Qingfang , Pang Haijun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMolecular imprinting is an advanced technology in the fabrication of novel chemical sensors recently applied, enabling rapid responses and highly selective binding to specific molecules, thereby enabling efficient detection of material constituents. In this study, a new molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor (MIES) utilizing ferrocene‐functionalized carbon‐nanotubes (Fc‐CNTs) was developed for the determination of tryptophan (Trp). The formation of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) involves polymerization in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) using Trp, methacrylic acid (MAA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the template molecules, functional monomers, and cross‐linking agents, respectively. Due to the modification of MIPs, the sensor achieves high performance. The sensor demonstrates a linear range from 1 to 45 μM and from 45 to 330 μM, with the limit of detection of 0.44 μM, exceeding that of the majority of sensors reported in the literature. Furthermore, the sensor can effectively detect Trp in real samples, including human serum and amino acid oral liquid. The recovery rate of Trp in human serum samples is 94.2 % to 105.30 %, and in amino acid oral liquid is 94.3 % to 101.68 %. This study provides a promising approach for the effective detection and analysis of tryptophan constituents.
Structural Modification of Ru‐Bi Catalysts and its Impact on One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,3,5‐trimethyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Lekgetho Tumisang , Mabena Letlhogonolo F. , Tukulula Matshawandile , Maphoru Mabuatsela V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOxidative transformation of phenols is an efficient route towards the production of moieties for naturally occurring quinones with a wide range of biological activities. Silica supported Ru−Bi catalysts were prepared by microwave‐assisted loading (MW) and deposition (DP) methods. The as‐prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD (X‐ray diffraction), N2 physisoption, SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), TEM (Transmission electron microscopy) and XPS (X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry) techniques. Catalysts with low Bi loading, 5 %Ru‐1 %Bi, have narrow particle size distributions that correspond to an average particle size of 2.21–2.59 nm. 5 %Ru‐5 %Bi catalysts consist of Ru−Bi nanochains. The outcome of the catalytic oxidation of 2,3,5‐trimethylhydroquinone (TMHQ, 1) to 2,3,5‐trimethyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone (TMBQ, 2) depends on the catalyst preparation method, promoter loading, solvent and temperature used. MW‐5Ru1Bi is the most active catalyst with conversions that range between 99–100 % at both room temperature (r.t) and under refluxing MeNO2 and MeOH. The highest yields of TMBQ (100 %) were obtained over MW‐5 %Ru‐1 %Bi and DP‐5 %Ru‐5 %Bi catalysts.
Green Synthesis of Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)‐Silver Nanoparticles Composite using Flaxseed (Linumusitatissimum L) Peel Extract: Its Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Mohan Kisku Kanta , Mandal Pinaki , Ghosh Samaresh , Sivakumar Gomathi , Babu Anashwara , Maji Samarendra , Pandey Anurag , Dhara Santanu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGreen synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using diverse plant extracts has gained significance for applications in biomedical sciences and engineering. However, no studies have been done on the synthesis of AgNPs using the extract of Flaxseed peel (FsP) (Linumusitatissimum L), an eco‐friendly agricultural waste. The present study reports the green synthesis of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) ‐ silver nanoparticles (PVA‐AgNPs) composite 1 using the aqueous extract of Flaxseed peel (FsP) (Linumusitatissimum L). GC‐MS, 1H NMR and FT‐IR spectral analyses were performed to understand the phytochemical basis of nanoparticle formation. The obtained AgNPs in the composite were characterized using a variety of techniques including FT‐IR, UV‐visible spectroscopy, HR‐TEM along with EDX spectroscopy, SEM, and DLS. UV‐vis analysis revealed a prominent surface plasmon resonance band at 422 nm, confirming the formation of AgNPs. TEM technique revealed the presence of nearly spherical AgNPs with an average size of 11.28 nm. PVA‐AgNPs composite 1 exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram‐negative Escherichia coli. Furthermore, a dose‐time dependent cytotoxic effect against L929 fibroblast cells was demonstrated by the nanocomposite. Thus, present findings provided a basis of FsP‐extract mediated green synthesis of PVA‐AgNPs composite 1 suggesting functional nanomaterial of biomedical potentialities.
Fluorescent Scandium Microspheres for Highly Efficient White‐Light Photocatalysis
Authors: Chen Hua‐Ying , Lv Jian , Qian Ruo‐Can , Li Da‐Wei , Chen Bin‐Bin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEfficient photocatalysts play an important role in the various fields such as pollutant treatment and the generation of clean energy. Therefore, developing a photocatalyst with high activity is of great significance. Herein, scandium‐based fluorescent microspheres (Sc‐FMs) are facilely prepared through the one‐pot hydrothermal polymerization of scandium ions and tartaric acid. The prepared Sc‐FMs show strong blue solid‐state fluorescence, with a maximum emission at 412 nm. Meanwhile, Sc‐FMs possess a strong white‐light photocatalysis ability, which can be used for the photodegradation of dye pollutants (rhodamine 6 G) under low power white light without the assistance of any radical generating agents. In addition, the Sc‐FMs display good stability and recyclability. As a result, this new and efficient Sc‐FMs photocatalysts hold a promise for potential applications in environmental treatment.
Efficient Removal of Brilliant Cresyl Blue from Solution Using Inula Racemosa: Experimental Insights, DFT Modeling, and Docking Simulation
Authors: Amara‐Rekkab A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study examined the efficacy of Inula Racemosa leaves in the adsorption of Brilliant Cresyl Blue (BCB) from aqueous solutions. The study uses both experimental and theoretical research, including Density Functional Theory (DFT), to gain a better understanding of how the adsorbent and Brilliant Cresyl Blue molecules interact with each other. We determined the point zero value of the charged powder of Inula Racemosa and characterized the functional groups using FTIR spectroscopy. The experimental results indicate a significant ability of our adsorbent to adsorb the cationic dye Brilliant Cresyl Blue, and we have identified optimal conditions for its effective removal. The results suggest that the most effective amount of our biosorbent was 0.1 g. The equilibrium period for biosorption was 10 min, and the biosorbent capacity for biosorption improved with increasing pH. The Pseudo‐second‐order model accurately predicts the retention of Brilliant Cresyl Blue using Inula Racemosa. The Freundlich model was found to be better suitable for analyzing the isotherm data, revealing a maximum adsorption capacity of 3.49 mg g−1, achieving an efficiency removal of 89.95 %. We compared Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations with experimental observations to validate the theoretical predictions and improve our understanding of the adsorption mechanism. Docking simulations show how the molecules of Inula Racemosa and Brilliant Cresyl Blue interact with each other, including the interactions of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic forces.
Microemulsion Templating Synthesis of Hierarchical Porous Ag‐Doped SiO2‐TiO2 Composites for Efficient Degradation of Noxious Methylene Blue Dye: Effect of Calcination Environment
Authors: Onwubiko Victor , Matsushita Yoshihisa , Elshehy Emad A. , E. El‐Khouly Mohamed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe report herein a dual function mesoporous structure of titanium oxide based porous carbon with large surface‐to‐volume ratios for efficient degradation of noxious methylene blue dye (MB) from an aqueous environment. The mesoporous photocatalysts is fabricated via direct template synthesis of highly ordered silica‐titania monolith doped with Ag0/Ag2O starting from a quaternary microemulsion liquid crystalline phase. The produced monoliths are subjected in‐situ to doping by growing silver, in the cubic cavities, and on the silica/titania structure's domain. This study investigated the efficiency of novel composite materials, consisting of silver‐doped silica‐titania (SiO2/TiO2), which is synthesized using the microemulsion templating approach. The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized composite in the photodegradation of MB has been studied. The procedure of photodegradation was employed to achieve decolorization of the cationic MB dye using visible light. The catalyst effectively achieved the decolorization of the dyed solution through the processes of adsorption and photodegradation. The composite consisting of SiO2, TiO2, and Ag2O at a ratio of 1 : 1:0.5, which underwent calcination in an air environment (AgOST), exhibited a removal efficiency of 99 % compared to its calcined state under argon (AgSTC).
Layered Perovskite La2Ti2O7 Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Degradation of Congo Red Dye Pollutant
Authors: Bhagwat Ujwala O. , Maridevaru Madappa C , Al Souwaileh Abdullah , Wu Jerry J. , Anandan Sambandam 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn photocatalytic innovation, there has been a lot of interest in creating broad spectral responsive photocatalysts to get superior catalytic performance. In this study, we synthesized highly visible‐light responsive La2Ti2O7 perovskite photocatalysts by the probe ultrasonication procedure followed by high‐temperature calcination. Such materials are characterized using UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectra, powder X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy to illustrate the optical absorption activities, crystalline properties, chemical composition, and microscopic features. La2Ti2O7 extends optical absorption towards the visible light spectrum and narrows the band gap. The photocatalytic efficacy of the resulting La2Ti2O7 nanostructures was investigated by performing photocatalytic degradation of persistent Congo red (CR) dye while subjected to visible photon illumination using three Osram 150 W tungsten halogen lamp ((λ≥400 nm), 5000 lm nominal luminous flux, 80,600 lx radiation intensity. With effective efficiency, the optimum degradation of the 10 ppm CR dye with a percentage of 95.9 was achieved after 90 min during exposure to the La2Ti2O7 perovskite with a catalyst dosage of 30 mg/100 mL at pH 6. Consequently, La2Ti2O7 nanostructures alone depicted 19.8 % adsorption efficiency for CR dye. In addition, OH⋅ and holes were important in degrading CR dye, which included many different reaction pathways. The treated solution can also demonstrate the environment's safety for accepting water. In summary, under natural visible light irradiation, the synthesized La2Ti2O7 showed enormous promise for eliminating different organic contaminants using photocatalytic methodology.
Detection of Layer Charge Density in Layered Double Hydroxides and Studies on Host‐Guest Interactions
Authors: Xiong Chengwei , Chen Xiang , Jin Lingling , Zhang Peng , Gao Li , Liu Bingxin , Lin Yanjun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe layer charge density of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) significantly affects interlayer spacing, the arrangement of interlayer anions and water molecules, thermal stability, as well as adsorption performance. However, traditional methods for evaluating the layer charge density of LDHs are complex, prone to large errors, and impacted by numerous factors, rendering these methods unable to facilitate direct comparisons of layer charge density across different LDH compositions. Consequently, this study proposes a novel approach based on the host‐guest supramolecular interactions in LDHs to investigate the layer charge density by analyzing changes in the position of the infrared absorption peaks of interlayer guest species. The shifts in infrared absorption peak positions are employed to assess the layer charge density of MgAl‐LDHs with varying molar ratios (M2+/M3+=2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4). The validity of using infrared peak position shifts is corroborated through a combination of techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, TG‐DTG, XRD, Zeta potential, and adsorption analyses. Furthermore, the layer charge density of NiAl, CoAl, MgFe, and NiFe‐LDHs are evaluated, confirming the universality of the infrared method. By ranking layer charge density of LDHs with different compositions and ratios, this study resolves the challenge of comparing LDHs with diverse layer compositions.