bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Economic Burden of Elevated Blood Glucose Levels in 2017: Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, and Prediabetes
Authors: Dall Timothy M. , Yang Wenya , Gillespie Karin , Mocarski Michelle , Byrne Erin , Cintina Inna , Beronja Kaleigh , Semilla April P. , Iacobucci William , Hogan Paul F. 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVE
This study was conducted to update national estimates of the economic burden of undiagnosed diabetes, prediabetes, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the United States for year 2017 and provide state-level estimates. Combined with published estimates for diagnosed diabetes, these updated statistics provide a detailed picture of the economic costs associated with elevated blood glucose levels.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This study estimated medical expenditures exceeding levels occurring in the absence of diabetes or prediabetes and the indirect economic burden associated with reduced labor force participation and productivity. Data sources analyzed included Optum medical claims for ∼5.8 million commercially insured patients continuously enrolled from 2013 to 2015, Medicare Standard Analytical Files containing medical claims for ∼2.8 million Medicare patients in 2014, and the 2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample containing ∼7.1 million discharge records. Other data sources were the U.S. Census Bureau, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.

RESULTS
The economic burden associated with diagnosed diabetes (all ages), undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes (adults), and GDM (mothers and newborns) reached nearly $404 billion in 2017, consisting of $327.2 billion for diagnosed diabetes, $31.7 billion for undiagnosed diabetes, $43.4 billion for prediabetes, and nearly $1.6 billion for GDM. Combined, this amounted to an economic burden of $1,240 for each American in 2017. Annual burden per case averaged $13,240 for diagnosed diabetes, $5,800 for GDM, $4,250 for undiagnosed diabetes, and $500 for prediabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
Updated statistics underscore the importance of reducing the burden of prediabetes and diabetes through better detection, prevention, and treatment.
Record linkage to enhance consented cohort and routinely collected health data from a UK birth cohort
Authors: Tingay Karen Susan , Bandyopadhyay Amrita , Griffiths Lucy , Akbari Ashley , Brophy Sinead , Bedford Helen , Cortina-Borja Mario , Setakis Efrosini , Walton Suzanne , Fitzsimons Emla , Dezateux Carol , Lyons Ronan 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundIn longitudinal health research, combining the richness of cohort data to the extensiveness of routine data opens up new possibilities, providing information not available from one data source alone. In this study, we set out to extend information from a longitudinal birth cohort study by linking to the cohort child’s routine primary and secondary health care data. The resulting linked datasets will be used to examine health outcomes and patterns of health service utilisation for a set of common childhood health problems. We describe the experiences and challenges of acquiring and linking electronic health records for participants in a national longitudinal study, the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS).
MethodWritten parental consent to link routine health data to survey responses of the MCS cohort member, mother and her partner was obtained for 90.7% of respondents when interviews took place at age seven years in the MCS. Probabilistic and deterministic linkage was used to link MCS cohort members to multiple routinely-collected health data sources in Wales and Scotland.
ResultsOverall linkage rates for the consented population using country-specific health service data sources were 97.6% for Scotland and 99.9% for Wales. Linkage rates between different health data sources ranged from 65.3% to 99.6%. Issues relating to acquisition and linkage of data sources are discussed.
ConclusionsLinking longitudinal cohort participants with routine data sources is becoming increasingly popular in population data research. Our results suggest that this is a valid method to enhance information held in both sources of data.
Evaluación de cadera neonatos/niños
Authors: Guevara Alicia , Gaus David 
Published: April 2019

Displasia de la cadera(11) en el recién nacido. Es una anomalía del desarrollo cuya búsqueda es imprescindible en la valoración de los recién nacidos: su diagnóstico y manejo temprano pueden evitar que los niños tengan secuelas que pueden perdurar toda su vida (1). El dolor de cadera en niños y adolescenteses común y tiene una amplia gama de causas, que van desde las benignas hasta las potencialmente devastadoras (2).
METODO: usamos el método de lectura crítica realizada de un modo analítico. Esto significa que además de comprender lo que se dice en un texto determinado, se intenta analizar lo expresado para verificar sus aciertos, sus errores y los modos en que se presenta la información. Se buscar tener una visión propia de los hechos presentados, intentando corroborar lo que se afirma con otras fuentes.
Formation features of composite electrochemical nickel and nanostructured zirconium boride coatings
Authors: Degtyar L. A. , Ivanina I. S. , Zhukova I. Yu. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction.The electrodeposition of composite electrochemical coatings from electrolyte-colloid nickel plating containing ultradisperse zirconium boride powder is studied. The work objectives are as follows: to study mechanical-and-physical properties of the composites based on nickel and nanostructured zirconium boride, and to determine optimal conditions for the application of such electrochemical coatings.Materials and Methods.Microhardness of composite electrochemical coatings was measured using PMT-3 microhardness tester on samples with the layer thickness of 30 μm under the indentation load of 100 g. A three-ball machine was used to determine wear resistance of the coatings. Sample tests were carried out under dry friction modes and with the use of 3% RV coolant. WSD values were measured by MIR-3 TU 3-3.1954-86 microscope. To determine the internal stresses in the coating, we used a flexible cathode method up to GOST 9.302-88.Research Results.The electrolyte-colloid composition and modes of electrodeposition of composite nickel - nanostructured zirconium boride coatings are developed. Mechanicaland-physical properties (microhardness, wear resistance and internal stresses) of the obtained composite electrochemical coatings are analyzed. Recommendations for use of the developed electrolyte and the application of a composite coating on machine parts for their surface hardening are formulated.Discussion and Conclusions. Ni–ZrB2 CEC (composite electrochemical coating) has high microhardness (10–11 hPa at the indentation load of 100 g), which exceeds the microhardness of pure nickel by 1.5–2 times. As the microhardness increases, the internal stresses ofNi–ZrB2 CEC decrease. The proposed coatings were compared to chromium ones deposited from the environmentally hazardous electrolytes. The wear resistance ofNi–ZrB2 CEC is 2–5 times higher than that of chromium coatings. Thus, instead of chromic coatings, it is recommended to use the proposed composition for surface hardening of parts of the specialty machinery and industrial equipment
On efficiency of methods and algorithms for solving optimization problems considering objective function specifics
Authors: Ostroukh E. N. , Chernyshev Yu. O. , Evich L. N. , Panasenko P. A. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction.The estimation of efficiency of methods and algorithms for solving optimization problems with a vector criterion and a set of nonlinear constraints is considered. The approach that allows proceeding to an optimization problem with a single objective function (i.e., an unconditional optimization problem) after equivalent transformations is described. However, the objective function obtained in this way has properties (nonlinearity, multimodality, ravine, high dimension) that do not allow classical methods to be used to solve it. The presented work objective is to develop hybrid methods, based on combinations of the algorithms inspired by wildlife with other approaches (gravitational and gradient) for the solution to this problem.Materials and Methods.New methods to solve the specified problem are developed. A computer experiment was conducted on a number of test functions; its analysis was performed, showing the efficiency of various combinations on various functions.Research Results.The efficiency of hybrid algorithms that combine the following approaches is evaluated: genetic and immune; methods of swarm intelligence and genetic and immune; immune and swarm with gravity and gradient.Discussion and Conclusions.The hybrid algorithms in optimization problems are studied. In particular, decisions can be made on their basis under the management of compound objects in the military and industrial sectors, in the creation of innovative projects related to the digital economy. It is established that the type of the objective function affects the result much more than the combination of algorithms.
Propuesta de una metodología para seleccionar una comunidad donde implementar proyectos de Telemedicina en Perú.
Authors: Silva Chávez Jeysson Hérnan 
Published: April 2019

INTRODUCCIÓN: La telemedicina permite aproximar los servicios de salud a las poblaciones vulnerables y ubicadas en áreas geográficas alejadas mediante la teleprevención, telediagnóstico y telemonitoreo de patologías de las diversas especialidades médicas. También sirve como medio de apoyo a los profesionales de la salud recién egresados mediante el intercambio de información y teleconsulta con especialistas. En Latinoamérica y a nivel del Perú se vienen desarrollando proyectos aplicativos sobre telemedicina; en los cuales la comunidad beneficiada fue seleccionada por conveniencia o sin especificar un modelo de selección replicable en siguientes proyectos. En este sentido, se propone un modelo de selección de una comunidad en el Perú, donde se pueda realizar un proyecto de telemedicina adecuado a sus necesidades sanitarias. METODOS: Para la selección del departamento se consideró el índice de pobreza departamental; la selección de la provincia fue en base al promedio de los “SCORE de necesidad distrital”. El SCORE de necesidad distrital está conformado por el índice de vulnerabilidad distrital, índice de pobreza distrital y el número de puestos de salud en el distrito. RESULTADOS: El departamento de Amazonas cuenta con registros actualizados de su sistema de salud y tiene uno de los mayores índices de pobreza en el Perú. La provincia de Condorcanqui en el departamento de Amazonas presentó el mayor promedio de SCORE distrital. CONCLUSIONES: Condorcanqui constituiría un ambiente donde se podrían aplicar proyectos de la telemedicina que mejoren de una manera costo-efectiva la salud de su población. Este modelo de selección podría aplicarse a más departamentos del Perú, siendo necesario contar con datos actualizados del sistema de salud de cada departamento.
Características y proporción de publicación de tesis en una escuela de medicina de Costa Rica, 2002-2015
Authors: Retana-González Andrea , Soto-Jimenez Tatiana , González Fiorella , Arguedas-Serrano Arturo F , Salazar-Brenes Carlos 
Published: April 2019

Objetivo:evaluar las características y la proporción de publicación de las tesis en revistas indexadas biomédicas realizadas por estudiantes de medicina en una escuela de medicina de Costa Rica.
Métodos:los datos de las tesis de grado en medicina registradas entre 2002 y 2015 se obtuvieron de la biblioteca CENIT de la Universidad Hispanoamericana. La publicación de tesis en revistas biomédicas se evaluó en el 2018 mediante una estrategia de búsqueda utilizando Google Scholar.
Resultados:455 tesis médicas se registraron entre 2002 y 2015, se excluyeron 34 tesis por datos repetidos e incompletos. En la autoría de las tesis predominó el sexo femenino (59,4%), investigaciones clínicas (65,7%), con diseños de estudio y métodos bioestadísticos descriptivos, 92,1% y 99,5%, respectivamente. Además, 9 (2%) tesis fueron publicadas en revistas biomédicas indexadas. De las tesis publicadas, 2 (22,2%) se publicaron en revistas indexadas en SciELO y LILACS, 2 (22,2%) en revistas indexadas en IMBIOMED y 5 (55,6%) en revistas indexadas en BINASSS. La totalidad de las tesis publicadas (100%) estaban en español y 88,9% publicadas en revistas costarricenses. Además, 6 (66,7%) pertenecen principalmente a la medicina interna.
Conclusión:en este estudio, la totalidad de las tesis publicadas fueron en español, publicadas en revistas locales e indexadas en BINASSS. El porcentaje de tesis publicadas en revistas biomédicas en esta universidad es muy bajo en comparación con otras provenientes de países desarrollados.
DEPRESIÓN Y ANSIEDAD EN ESTUDIANTES DE MEDICINA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE CARABOBO SEDE VALENCIA, 2018
Authors: Martinez Colarossi Gianfranco Jose , Lugo López Libethmar Josebeth 
Published: April 2019

RESUMEN
Objetivo: establecer la prevalencia de posible depresión y ansiedad en estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad de Carabobo, mayo 2018. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de tipo transversal con una muestra probabilística aplicando la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión de Goldberg (E.A.D.G), la cual posee dos subescalas compuesta por 9 ítems cada una, a través de una encuesta de carácter anónimo y voluntaria a estudiantes del 5to año de medicina del Departamento Clínico Integral del Sur de la Universidad de Carabobo, sede Valencia. Resultados: Se encuestaron a 63 estudiantes del quinto año de medicina, de los cuales 39 (61,9%) eran mujeres y 24 (39,1%) eran hombres, con una edad promedio de 22.9 años. La EADG arrojó que 57,14% de los estudiantes son compatibles con Depresión, el 22,22% con Ansiedad y el 19,05% de la muestra presentan posible depresión y ansiedad. En relación al sexo, el género femenino obtuvo el mayor porcentaje de depresión (66,67%), de ansiedad (28,20%) y de compatibilidad simultánea de depresión y ansiedad (23,07%). El grupo etario mayor afectado fue el rango entre los 20 y 24 años, con un 23.21 % de ansiedad y 57,14% de depresión. Conclusión: La prevalencia de depresión y ansiedad en estudiantes de medicina tiende a ser alta por diversos factores, por lo que se debe de fomentar medidas preventivas para evitar las posibles complicaciones que ésto podría acarrear en los futuros galenos.
Palabras Claves: Prevalencia, Depresión, Ansiedad, Estudiantes de Medicina.
Atenção básica de saúde: um estudo de caso na comunidade Novo Israel em Manaus
Authors: Costa Andreza Marques da 
Published: April 2019

RESUMOO Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), um dos maiores sistemas públicos de saúde do mundo, foi instituído pela Constituição Federal de 1988 que, em seu artigo 196, coloca: “a saúde é direito de todos e dever do Estado”. Assim, este artigo objetivou avaliar a percepção dos moradores do Bairro Novo Israel em relação ao atendimento primário oferecido à comunidade na UBS Frei Valério Di Carlo. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza aplicada, com base em modelo quantitativo, sendo posta em prática uma pesquisa de campo que foi operacionalizada por meio da aplicação de um questionário e teve como amostra 100 usuários de uma unidade básica de saúde localizada na Zona Norte da cidade de Manaus. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam uma insatisfação dos usuários em relação ao tempo de espera para o atendimento. No entanto, estão satisfeitos com os serviços oferecidos pela Unidade.Palavras-chave: Sistema Único de Saúde, Avaliação, Satisfação dos Usuários. ABSTRACTThe Unified Health System (SUS), one of the largest public health systems in the world, was established by the Federal Constitution of 1988, which states in its article 196: "health is the right of everyone and the duty of the State." Thus, this article aimed to evaluate the perception of the residents of Bairro Novo Israel in relation to the primary care offered to the community at UBS Frei Valério Di Carlo. For that, a research of an applied nature was carried out, based on a quantitative model, being carried out a field research that was operationalized through the application of a questionnaire and had as sample 100 users of a Basic Health Unit located in the zone north of the city of Manaus. The results of the survey indicate a dissatisfaction among users regarding the waiting time for care. However, they are satisfied with the services offered by the Unit.Keywords: Unified Health System, Evaluation, User Satisfaction.
The Profile of Physico-Chemical Properties of Spilled Crude Oil in Marine Sediments in Niger Delta
Authors: Wordu Animia Ajor , Mmecha C. A. , Puyate Y. T. , Akpa J. G. 
Published: April 2019

This paper presents profile of the physico-chemical properties of study areas of the research. Most frequently, in the Niger Delta zone spilled oil in the marine sediments is prevalent. The research paper therefore focused at first instance to evolve the parametric control properties which have direct interactions with the spilled oil. Samples sediments A, B, C, and D were collected from the designated study areas of Southern Ijaw, Ekeremor, Ogbia, Brass and Nembe local government areas hosting the major oil producing companies along the coastal regions of Niger Delta-Nigeria. The samples were subjected to instrumental analysis for determination of pH 5.2 (acidic); electrical conductivity 169 µS/cm; redox potential -134 mv; temperature 25.7 centigrade; bulk density 3.3; particle density 2.75; porosity 41.6; organic matter 8.60; clay 28.70; silt 56.80; sand 14.5; total hydrocarbon content 83.33; and the metallic components of the samples (mg/kg) stood as follows- Zinc (Zn) 1.47; Lead (Pb) 0.070; copper (Cu) 2.06; cadmium (0.51); Nickel (Ni) 0.82; manganese (Mn) 4.75; iron (Fe) 7.60; and chromium (Cr) 0.98. Table II showed sample Sediment A gave appreciable values on all the parameters for good judgment on the rest samples Sediment B, Sediment C and Sediment D results. The possible reasons being there are much physico-chemical interactions down the samples which bring concomitant effects on animals, fishes, humans’ health and regions degradation tendencies and perennial consequences of social agitations for remediation and compensations.
EDCH: A Novel Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Pyage Raj Kumar , Chandrakanth H. G. 
Published: April 2019

In wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes play the most important role. These sensor nodes are mainly un-chargeable, so it an issue regarding lifetime of the network. The main objective of this research is concerning clustering algorithms to minimize the energy utilization of each sensor node, and maximize the sensor network lifetime of WSNs. In this paper, we propose a novel clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks (WSN) that decrease the networks energy consumption and significantly prolongs its lifetime. Here main role play distribution of CHs ( Cluster Heads) across the network. Our simulation result shows considerable decrease in network energy utilization and therefore increase the network lifetime.
Design of an Automatic Irrigation System
Authors: Nwazor Nkolika O. , Odiushovwi Peter E. , Onalaja Lukman 
Published: April 2019

Over the years, a lot of irrigation systems have been developed to aid crop farming but most of them are manually operated. The few automatic irrigation systems available in the country are very expensive and therefore not easily available to the peasant farmers. The need for improved non-seasonal crop farming gave rise to this research work on a low cost irrigation system made from locally sourced components. The system designed in this work makes use of a locally made soil humidity sensor to check the water level in the soil. If the water level is below the required level, the irrigation system is turned on by sending a signal to the relay connected to the pump which opens the valve to let water out. Once the required humidity is obtained, it is turned off through a similar mechanism. The control also has six buttons for time-based control of irrigation for crops that demand irrigation at specific times of the day. With a system like this, non-seasonal farming is ensured thus increasing food supply and reducing hunger.
Femicidios: modos de visibilización en la agenda mediática salteña durante 2015
Authors: Zurita Inés Patricia 
Published: April 2019

Este trabajo aborda las maneras mediante las cuales los femicidios ocurridos en la provincia de Salta durante 2015 ingresaron a la agenda mediática local, en el marco de la irrupción de “Ni Una Menos”, la movilización que marcó un hito en la Argentina, con un fuerte protagonismo de los movimientos de mujeres y feministas, y la promulgación del Decreto 7896 de Emergencia por Violencia de Género en dicha provincia, la cual encabeza las tasas más altas de femicidios y violaciones del país.
El análisis de la construcción de la agenda-setting se realiza en cuatro medios gráficos: La Gaceta Salta, El intransigente, Nuevo Diario y El Tribuno de Salta. El mismo considera la jerarquización asignada a los hechos de femicidios en el orden del día y, asimismo, la ubicación e interacción de estas noticias dentro de determinadas secciones de los diarios y el seguimiento de los casos a lo largo del tiempo. Estos aspectos dialogan con otros elementos fundamentales en la constitución de la producción de sentido sobre la violencia contra las mujeres: las condiciones de producción de la información, el contexto nacional atravesado por ciertos cambios jurídicos, políticos y sociales; y las particularidades de cada empresa periodística.
Immunological and pathological investigations of non-specific reactive hepatitis in shelter dogs
Authors: Jaber Jose Raduan , Velázquez-Wallraf Alicia S , Farray David , Ravelo-García Antonio G. , Carrascosa Conrado , Rodríguez-Ventura Myriam , Perez Jose 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical features of non-specific reactive hepatitis (NSRH) in stray dogs. To perform this study the livers of 23 dogs of different breed and sex were used. The tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin, and immunohistochemically. The results of this work showed that NSRH was characterized by the infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells scattered throughout the liver parenchyma and in the portal stroma, and associated with inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases in other organ systems. The inflammatory infiltrate of NSRH was composed of CD3+ T lymphocytes and HLA-DR+ lymphocytes, as well as IgG+ plasma cells and alpha-1-antitrypsin+ macrophages in the portal spaces and hepatic sinusoids.