bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Methodology for Kinetic Acquisitions Using High Velocities in a Microfluidic Device
Authors: Corne Florian , Lélias Anne , Magnaldo Alastair , Sorel Christian , Di Miceli Raimondi Nathalie , Prat Laurent 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA theoretical description and an experimental validation of the application of a microfluidic chip with high‐velocity stratified flows for determining chemical kinetics for liquid‐liquid extraction are presented. In the case of uranium extraction under PUREX (plutonium and uranium refining by extraction) process conditions, a simple theoretical model demonstrates the need for high velocities and short residence times of around 10 ms. Confocal microscopy observations of the interface were undertaken to insure the flow stability at such high velocities, and the same experimental protocol was carried out to uranium(VI) extraction at two concentrations. Results show an unexpected variation in the phase homogenization depending on the uranium concentration of the extracted phase.
Detection of Multiple Blockages in Parallelized Microreactors
Authors: Tonomura Osamu , Taniguchi Satoshi , Hata Kei , Hasebe Shinji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn a plant consisting of parallelized microreactors (MRs), the product quality is lowered because of a lack of flow uniformity among them when blockage occurs. It is not practical to install sensors in every MR from the viewpoint of cost when detecting the blocked MRs. In the previous study, the multiple blockage detection (MBD) method using a small number of sensors was proposed, but its performance became low when the number of sensors decreased. Here, the conventional algorithm for MBD is improved by considering the process behavior on blockage occurrence, and the effectiveness of the improved algorithm is demonstrated through a numerical case study. The effects of flow distributor types and sensor types on the MBD performance are numerically investigated.
Semi‐Interpenetrating Network‐Structured Single‐Ion Conduction Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shen Xiu , Peng Longqing , Li Ruiyang , Li Hang , Wang Xin , Huang Boyang , Wu Dezhi , Zhang Peng , Zhao Jinbao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA novel quasi solid single‐ion polymer electrolyte with semi‐interpenetrating network (semi‐IPN) structure has been prepared. The lithium‐ion conduction membrane is composed of both the cross‐linked lithiated poly‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (PAMPS‐Li) as a polyanionic single‐ion lithium salt source and the high molecular weight polyethylene oxide (PEO) as a polymer matrix, in which the two components show great compatibility due to the special semi‐IPN structure. For such quasi‐solid electrolyte system, we have particularly studied the crystallinity variety and ionic conductivity change with a series of polymer salt concentration. The results show that the electrolyte has an appropriate mechanical stability, minimal crystallinity, and acceptable ionic conductivity of 1.34×10−5 S/cm at 60 °C. Furthermore, the lithium‐ion conduction membrane shows the lithium‐ion dominating conductive property and high transport number of 0.77. Moreover, the LiFePO4/Li batteries’ cycle results show a high discharge capacity of 140.0 mAh/g and a retention of 90.4 % after 100 cycles at the rate of 0.2 C.
Band Gap of Atomically Precise Graphene Nanoribbons as a Function of Ribbon Length and Termination
Authors: Talirz Leopold , Söde Hajo , Kawai Shigeki , Ruffieux Pascal , Meyer Ernst , Feng Xinliang , Müllen Klaus , Fasel Roman , Pignedoli Carlo A. , Passerone Daniele 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe study the band gap of finite
armchair graphene nanoribbons (7‐AGNRs) on Au(111) through scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy combined with density functional theory calculations. The band gap of 7‐AGNRs with lengths of 8 nm and more is converged to within 50 meV of its bulk value of
, while the band gap opens by several hundred meV in very short 7‐AGNRs. We demonstrate that even an atomic defect, such as the addition of one hydrogen atom at the termini, has a significant effect – in this case, lowering the band gap. The effect can be captured in terms of a simple analytical model by introducing an effective “electronic length”.
Radiative Lifetime, Non‐Radiative Relaxation, and Sensitization Efficiency in Luminescent Europium and Neodymium Cryptates – The Roles of 2,2′‐Bipyridine‐N,N′‐dioxide and Deuteration
Authors: Trautnitz Markus F. K. , Doffek Christine , Seitz Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFive luminescent tris(bipyridine)‐based cryptates with the lanthanoids Eu and Nd have been prepared with a systematic increase in the number of 2,2′‐bipyridine‐N,N′‐dioxide units and with different deuteration levels in the complexing cryptands for the europium species. Careful analysis of the radiative lifetime τrad in these systems reveals that an increase in N‐oxide units around the metal centers uniformly lowers τrad by about 30–40 %. The potential involvement of nephelauxetic effects is discussed. Exchange of 30 C−D for C−H oscillators around the europium centers does not affect the radiative lifetimes but decreases non‐radiative deactivation and increases the overall luminescence quantum yield in D2O by 45 %.
A Systematic Study of Metal Triflates in Catalytic Transformations of Glucose in Water and Methanol: Identifying the Interplay of Brønsted and Lewis Acidity
Authors: Bodachivskyi Iurii , Kuzhiumparambil Unnikrishnan , Williams D. Bradley G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Prof. Bradley Williams at the University of Technology Sydney. The image depicts the manifold products that can be selected in transformations of glucose through manipulation of the Brønsted or Lewis acidity of the catalyst. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201900292.
Are loneliness and social isolation associated with cognitive decline?
Authors: Lara Elvira , Caballero Francisco Félix , Rico‐Uribe Laura Alejandra , Olaya Beatriz , Haro Josep Maria , Ayuso‐Mateos José Luis , Miret Marta 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the association of loneliness and social isolation on cognition over a 3‐year follow‐up period in middle‐ and older‐aged adults.MethodsData from a Spanish nationally representative sample were analyzed (n = 1691; aged 50 years or older). Loneliness, social isolation, and cognition (immediate recall, delayed recall, verbal fluency, forward digit span, backward digit span, and a composite cognitive score) were assessed both at baseline and at follow‐up. Adjusted generalized estimating equations models were performed.ResultsLoneliness was significantly associated with lower scores in the composite cognitive score, immediate and delayed recall, verbal fluency, and backward digit span (B = −0.14 to B = −3.16; P < .05) and with a more rapid decline from baseline to follow‐up in two out of six cognitive tests. Higher social isolation was associated with lower scores in the composite cognitive score, verbal fluency, and forward digit span (B = −0.06 to B = −0.85; P < .05). The effect of loneliness and social isolation on cognition remained significant after the exclusion of individuals with depression.ConclusionsBoth loneliness and social isolation are associated with decreased cognitive function over a 3‐year follow‐up period. The development of interventions that include the enhancement of social participation and the maintenance of emotionally supportive relationships might contribute to cognitive decline prevention and risk reduction.
Relationship between oral and gut microbiota in elderly people
Authors: Iwauchi Megumi , Horigome Ayako , Ishikawa Kentaro , Mikuni Aya , Nakano Manabu , Xiao Jin‐zhong , Odamaki Toshitaka , Hironaka Shouji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimRecent studies have suggested that oral bacteria induce systemic inflammation through the alteration of gut microbiota. We examined the relationship between oral and gut microbiota to evaluate the transition of oral bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract.MethodsOral samples from subgingival plaque and tongue‐coating and fecal samples were collected from 29 elderly subjects (age, 80.2 ± 9.1 years) and 30 adults (age, 35.9 ± 5.0 years). Genomic DNA was extracted from all samples, and DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was performed for microbiota analysis. UniFrac distances were calculated to evaluate the similarity between microbial communities.ResultsUnweighted UniFrac distance indicated that the elderly group had a higher similarity between fecal and subgingival plaque microbiota than the adult group. Indeed, some bacterial taxa found in oral samples had a significantly higher prevalence in the feces of the elderly group than in that of the adult group.ConclusionsThe prevalence of oral bacterial transition to gut may be higher in the elderly than in adults, expecting that oral health care in the elderly will affect their gut microbiota composition and consequently promote human health.
Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and Agricultural use Under a Semi‐arid Environment: Case of Agafay, Western Haouz, Morocco
Authors: Sefiani S. , El Mandour A. , Laftouhi N. , Khalil N. , Chehbouni A. , Jarlan L. , Hanich L. , Khabba S. , Kamal S. , Markhi A. , Nassah H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWater resources are a priority for economic development, aiming at meeting the increasing needs of agriculture and all socio‐economic sectors. Agriculture is one of the essential pillars of this development in the Haouz Plain. Under a semi‐arid climate, irrigation, consuming more than 85% of available water, is inevitable for most crops. Hence, groundwater is becoming increasingly under pressure.Salinization due to poor irrigation management is one of the main causes of soil degradation. In this context, assessment of groundwater quality and risks of soil salinization was carried out in irrigated citrus orchards located in the western part of Haouz and aimed at understanding the connection between natural context, irrigation practices, and water and soil salinization. The spatial distribution of aquifer potential lines is affected by groundwater over‐exploitation. Moreover, geologically, the Palaeozoic substratum rise constitutes an obstacle for underground flow, which explains the low values recorded and measured around the studied area.The groundwater quality in the study area is characterized by strong mineralization, consequently affecting the soil by secondary salinization due to the intensive use of moderate saline waters from groundwater. Using a mixture of different water origins is a practical measure to reduce the risks of degradation of the soil. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time augmented reality for delineation of surgical margins during neurosurgery using autofluorescence lifetime contrast
Authors: Alfonso‐Garcia Alba , Bec Julien , Sridharan Weaver Shamira , Hartl Brad , Unger Jakob , Bobinski Matthew , Lechpammer Mirna , Girgis Fady , Boggan James , Marcu Laura 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCurrent clinical brain imaging techniques used for surgical planning of tumor resection lack intraoperative and real‐time feedback; hence surgeons ultimately rely on subjective evaluation to identify tumor areas and margins. We report a fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) instrument (excitation: 355 nm; emission spectral bands: 390/40 nm, 470/28 nm, 542/50 nm and 629/53 nm) that integrates with surgical microscopes to provide real‐time intraoperative augmentation of the surgical field of view with fluorescent derived parameters encoding diagnostic information. We show the functionality and safety features of this instrument during neurosurgical procedures in patients undergoing craniotomy for the resection of brain tumors and/or tissue with radiation damage. We demonstrate in three case studies the ability of this instrument to resolve distinct tissue types and pathology including cortex, white matter, tumor and radiation‐induced necrosis. In particular, two patients with effects of radiation‐induced necrosis exhibited longer fluorescence lifetimes and increased optical redox ratio on the necrotic tissue with respect to non‐affected cortex, and an oligodendroglioma resected from a third patient reported shorter fluorescence lifetime and a decrease in optical redox ratio than the surrounding white matter. These results encourage the use of FLIm as a label‐free and non‐invasive intraoperative tool for neurosurgical guidance.
Retracted: Long noncoding RNA HCG22 suppresses proliferation and metastasis of bladder cancer cells by regulation of PTBP1
Authors: Jiang Dong , Zhang Yongyu , Yang Lewei , Lu Wuzhu , Mai Lei , Guo Huixue , Liu Xialei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMultifarious biological functions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported in various cancers including bladder cancer (BCa). This study aims to determine the biological role of a certain lncRNA in BCa. Consistent with the data of The Cancer Genome Atlas database, it was validated that lncRNA HLA complex group 22 (HCG22) was weakly expressed in BCa samples and lowly expressed HCG22 was closely correlated with low overall survival of the BCa patient. To verify the role of HCG22 in BCa progression, functional experiments were carried out in two representative BCa cells (J82 and T24) and the negative effects of HCG22 expression on the cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition were identified. Mechanistically, polypyrimidine tract‐binding protein 1 (PTBP1), which was highly expressed in BCa tissues and cell lines, was negatively regulated by HCG22 and the PTBP1‐mediated Warburg effect was also obstructed by HCG22. Furthermore, HCG22 modulated the expression of PTBP1 through destabilizing human antigen R (HuR). And functional rescue assays confirmed that HCG22 functioned in bladder cancer through downregulating PTBP1. In conclusion, the present study revealed that HCG22 inhibited BCa progression via the HuR/PTBP1 axis, opening new prospects for potent therapeutic regimens for BCa patients.
Neurofilaments form flexible bundles during neuritogenesis in culture and in mature axons in situ
Authors: Lee Sangmook , Eyer Joel , Letournel Franck , Boumil Edward , Hall Garth , Shea Thomas B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNeurofilaments (NFs) undergo cation‐dependent phospho‐mediated associations with each other and other cytoskeletal elements that support axonal outgrowth. Progressive NF‐NF associations generate a resident, bundled population that undergoes exchange with transporting NFs. We examined the properties of bundled NFs. Bundles did not always display a fully linear profile but curved and twisted at various points along the neurite length. Bundles retracted faster than neurites and retracted bundles did not expand following extraction with Triton, indicating that they coiled passively rather than due to pressure from the cell. Bundles consisted of helically wound NFs, which may provide flexibility necessary for turning of growing axons during pathfinding. Interactions between NFs and other cytoskeletal elements may be disrupted en masse during neurite retraction or regionally during remodeling. It is suggested that bundles within long axons that cannot be fully retracted into the soma could provide maintain proximal support yet still allow more distal flexibility for remodeling and changing direction during pathfinding.
Age‐dependent effects of dopamine receptor inactivation on cocaine‐induced behaviors in male rats: Evidence of dorsal striatal D2 receptor supersensitivity
Authors: Crawford Cynthia A. , Teran Angie , Ramirez Goretti I. , Katz Caitlin G. , Mohd‐Yusof Alena , Eaton Shannon E. , Real Vanessa , McDougall Sanders A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractN‐ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐ethoxy‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline (EEDQ), which irreversibly inactivates dopamine (DA) receptors, causes pronounced age‐dependent behavioral effects in rats. For example, EEDQ either augments or does not affect the DA agonist‐induced locomotor activity of preweanling rats while attenuating the locomotion of adolescent and adult rats. The twofold purpose of this study was to determine whether EEDQ would: (a) potentiate or attenuate the cocaine‐induced locomotor activity of preweanling, adolescent, and adult rats; and (b) alter the sensitivity of surviving D2 receptors. Rats were treated with vehicle or EEDQ (2.5 or 7.5 mg/kg) on postnatal day (PD) 17, PD 39, and PD 84. In the behavioral experiments, saline‐ or cocaine‐induced locomotion was assessed 24 hr later. In the biochemical experiments, dorsal striatal samples were taken 24 hr after vehicle or EEDQ treatment and later assayed for NPA‐stimulated GTPγS receptor binding, G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6), and β‐arrestin‐2 (ARRB2). GTPγS binding is a direct measure of ligand‐induced G protein activation, while GRK6 and ARRB2 modulate the internalization and desensitization of D2 receptors. Results showed that EEDQ potentiated the locomotor activity of preweanling rats, while attenuating the locomotion of older rats. NPA‐stimulated GTPγS binding was elevated in EEDQ‐treated preweanling rats, relative to adults, indicating enhanced functional coupling between the G protein and receptor. EEDQ also reduced ARRB2 levels in all age groups, which is indicative of increased D2 receptor sensitivity. In sum, the present results support the hypothesis that D2 receptor supersensitivity is a critical factor mediating the locomotor potentiating effects of EEDQ in cocaine‐treated preweanling rats.
Gastrointestinal Hormone Profiles Associated With Enteral Nutrition Tolerance and Gastric Emptying in Pediatric Critical Illness: A Pilot Study
Authors: Martinez Enid E. , Panciotti Courtney , Pereira Luis M. , Kellogg Mark D. , Stylopoulos Nicholas , Mehta Nilesh M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundEnteral nutrition (EN) intolerance and delayed gastric emptying are prevalent in pediatric critical illness and limit EN delivery. Gastrointestinal (GI) hormones may be associated with EN intolerance and delayed gastric emptying in this cohort.MethodsWe determined GI hormone levels, time to achieve 50% of EN goal, and gastric emptying in critically ill children. Total amylin, active ghrelin, total glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), total gastric inhibitory polypeptide, glucagon, and total peptide‐YY (PYY) were measured by multiplex assay and cholecystokinin by ELISA. Lower concentrations of acetaminophen at 1 hour (C1h, µg/mL) using the acetaminophen absorption test defined delayed gastric emptying. Correlation, regression analyses, and a principal component analysis were used to examine the association between GI hormones and time to 50% EN goal and C1h.ResultsGI hormones were measured in 14 of 21 patients with gastric emptying testing; median age of 11.2 years (6.74–16.3) and 50% male. Increasing hormone levels from GI hormone profile 1 (GLP‐1, glucagon, and amylin) correlated with greater time to reach 50% EN goal (R2 = 0.296, P = 0.04). Decreasing hormone levels from GI hormone profile 2 (PYY and ghrelin) correlated with lower C1h and slower gastric emptying (R2 = 0.342, P = 0.02).ConclusionGI hormone profiles are associated with time to achieve 50% of EN goal and gastric emptying in critically ill children. We have described a feasible model to study the role of GI hormones in this cohort, including the potential clinical applicability of GI hormone measurement in the management of delayed gastric emptying.
Hallucinations, somatic‐functional disorders of PD‐DLB as expressions of thalamic dysfunction
Authors: Onofrj Marco , Espay Alberto J. , Bonanni Laura , Delli Pizzi Stefano , Sensi Stefano L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHallucinations, delusions, and functional neurological manifestations (conversion and somatic symptom disorders) of Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies increase in frequency with disease progression, predict the onset of cognitive decline, and eventually blend with and are concealed by dementia. These symptoms share the absence of reality constraints and can be considered comparable elements of the PD‐dementia with Lewy bodies psychosis. We propose that PD‐dementia with Lewy bodies psychotic disorders depend on thalamic dysfunction promoting a theta burst mode and subsequent thalamocortical dysrhythmia with focal cortical coherence to theta electroencephalogram rhythms. This theta electroencephalogram activity, also called fast‐theta or pre‐alpha, has been shown to predict cognitive decline and fluctuations in Parkinson's disease with dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies. These electroencephalogram alterations are now considered a predictive marker for progression to dementia. The resulting thalamocortical dysrhythmia inhibits the frontal attentional network and favors the decoupling of the default mode network. As the default mode network is involved in integration of self‐referential information into conscious perception, unconstrained default mode network activity, as revealed by recent imaging studies, leads to random formation of connections that link strong autobiographical correlates to trivial stimuli, thereby producing hallucinations, delusions, and functional neurological disorders. The thalamocortical dysrhythmia default mode network decoupling hypothesis provides the rationale for the design and testing of novel therapeutic pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions in the context of PD, PD with dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society