bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of protein blocking on enzymatic saccharification of bagasse from sugarcane clones
Authors: Ázar Rafaela I. S. Ladeira , Morgan Túlio , Barbosa Márcio H. P. , Guimarães Valéria M. , Ximenes Eduardo , Ladisch Michael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLignin plays an important functional and structural role in plants, but also contributes to the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass to hydrolysis. This study addresses the influence of lignin in hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse from conventional bred lines (UFV260 and UFV204) that were selected from 432 field‐grown clones. In addition to higher sugar production, bagasse clone UFV204 had a small, but statistically significant, lower insoluble lignin content compared with clone UFV260 (15.5% vs, 16.6%) and also exhibited a significantly higher cellulose conversion to glucose (81.3% vs. 63.3%) at a cellulase loading of 5 (filter paper unit) FPU/g of glucan or 3 FPU/g total solids for liquid hot water pretreated bagasse (200°C, 10 min). The enzyme loading was further decreased by 50% to 2.5 FPU/g glucan and resulted in a similar glucan conversion (88.5%) for clone UFV204 when the bagasse was preincubated with bovine serum albumin at pH 4.8 and nonproductive binding of cellulase components was blocked. Comparison of Langmuir adsorption isotherms and differential adsorption of the three major cellulolytic enzyme components endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and β‐glucosidase help to explain differences due to lignin content.
Randomized clinical trial of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in elective colorectal cancer surgery (SELECT trial)
Authors: Abis G S A , Stockmann H B A C , Bonjer H J , van Veenendaal N , van Doorn-Schepens M L M , Budding A E , Wilschut J A , van Egmond M , Oosterling S J , Abis G S A , Bonjer H J , van Veenendaal N , van Doorn-Schepens M L M , Budding A E , de Lange E S M , Tuynman J B , E. Vandenbroucke-Grauls C M J , Wilschut J A , van Egmond M , C. Stockmann H B A , van der Bij G J , de Korte N , Oosterling S J , Acherman Y I Z , den Boer F C , Sonneveld D J A , Poort L 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Infectious complications and anastomotic leakage affect approximately 30 per cent of patients after colorectal cancer surgery. The aim of this multicentre randomized trial was to investigate whether selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) reduces these complications of elective colorectal cancer surgery.

Methods
The effectiveness of SDD was evaluated in a multicentre, open-label RCT in six centres in the Netherlands. Patients with colorectal cancer scheduled for elective curative surgery with a primary anastomosis were eligible. Oral colistin, tobramycin and amphotericin B were administered to patients in the SDD group to decontaminate the digestive tract. Both treatment and control group received intravenous cefazolin and metronidazole for perioperative prophylaxis. Mechanical bowel preparation was given for left-sided colectomies, sigmoid and anterior resections. Anastomotic leakage was the primary outcome; infectious complications and mortality were secondary outcomes.

Results
The outcomes for 228 patients randomized to the SDD group and 227 randomized to the control group were analysed. The trial was stopped after interim analysis demonstrated that superiority was no longer attainable. Effective SDD was confirmed by interspace DNA profiling analysis of rectal swabs. Anastomotic leakage was observed in 14 patients (6·1 per cent) in the SDD group and in 22 patients (9·7 per cent) in the control group (odds ratio (OR) 0·61, 95 per cent c.i. 0·30 to 1·22). Fewer patients in the SDD group had one or more infectious complications than patients in the control group (14·9 versus 26·9 per cent respectively; OR 0·48, 0·30 to 0·76). Multivariable analysis indicated that SDD reduced the rate of infectious complications (OR 0·47, 0·29 to 0·76).

Conclusion
SDD reduces infectious complications after colorectal cancer resection but did not significantly reduce anastomotic leakage in this trial. Registration number: NCT01740947 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Development and validation of a rapid and sensitive UPLC–MS/MS assay for simultaneous quantification of paclitaxel and cyclopamine in mouse whole blood and tissue samples
Authors: Hsiao Cheng‐Hui , Zhao Jun , Gao Song , Farhan Nashid , Wang Yang , Li Chun , Chow Diana S.‐L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe prominent stromal compartment surrounds pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and protects the tumor cells from chemo‐ or radiotherapy. We hypothesized that our nano formulation carrying cyclopamine (CPA, stroma modulator) and paclitaxel (PTX, antitumor agent) could increase the permeation of PTX through the stromal compartment and improve the intratumoral delivery of PTX. In the present study a sensitive, reliable UPLC–MS/MS method was developed and validated to quantify PTX and CPA simultaneously in mouse whole blood, pancreas, liver and spleen samples. Docetaxel was used as the internal standard. The method demonstrated a linear range of 0.5–2000 ng/mL for whole blood and tissue homogenates for both PTX and CPA. The accuracy and precision of the assay were all within ±15%. Matrix effects for both analytes were within 15%. Recoveries from whole blood, liver, spleen and pancreas homogenates were 92.7–105.2% for PTX and 72.8–99.7% for CPA. The stability was within ±15% in all test biomatrices. The validated method met the acceptance criteria according to US Food and Drug Administration regulatory guidelines. The method was successfully applied to support a pharmacokinetic and biodistribution study for PTX and CPA in mice biomatrices.
Neutropenia and docetaxel exposure in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients: A meta‐analysis and evaluation of a clinical cohort
Authors: de Vries Schultink Aurelia H. M. , Crombag Marie‐Rose B. S. , van Werkhoven Erik , Otten Hans‐Martin , Bergman Andre M. , Schellens Jan H. M. , Huitema Alwin D. R. , Beijnen Jos H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe incidence of neutropenia in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients treated with docetaxel has been reported to be lower compared to patients with other solid tumors treated with a similar dose. It is suggested that this is due to increased clearance of docetaxel in mCRPC patients, resulting in decreased exposure. The aims of this study were to (1) determine if exposure in mCRPC patients is lower vs patients with other solid tumors by conducting a meta‐analysis, (2) evaluate the incidence of neutropenia in patients with mCRPC vs other solid tumors in a clinical cohort, and (3) discuss potential clinical consequences. A meta‐analysis was conducted of studies which reported areas under the plasma concentration‐time curves (AUCs) of docetaxel and variability. In addition, grade 3/4 neutropenia was evaluated using logistic regression in a cohort of patients treated with docetaxel. The meta‐analysis included 36 cohorts from 26 trials (n = 1150 patients), and showed that patients with mCRPC had a significantly lower mean AUC vs patients with other solid tumors (fold change [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.8 [1.5‐2.2]), with corresponding AUCs of 1.82 and 3.30 mg∙h/L, respectively. Logistic regression, including 812 patient, demonstrated that patients with mCRPC had a 2.2‐fold lower odds of developing grade 3/4 neutropenia compared to patients with other solid tumors (odds ratio [95%CI]: 0.46 [0.31‐0.90]). These findings indicate that mCRPC patients have a lower risk of experiencing severe neutropenia, possibly attributable to lower systemic exposure to docetaxel.
Bioactive 3,8‐Epoxy Iridoids from Valeriana jatamansi
Authors: Quan Li‐Qiu , Su Li‐Hua , Qi Shi‐Gang , Xue Yong , Yang Tao , Liu Dan , Zhao Xu‐Dong , Li Rong‐Tao , Li Hong‐Mei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTwelve 3,8‐epoxy iridoids, including four new compounds, jatamanins R–U (1–4), and eight known compounds (5–12), were obtained from the roots and rhizomes of Valeriana jatamansi. The structures were elucidated from analysis of spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of 1–4 were determined by comparison of experimental and literature ECD spectra. Moreover, the compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic effects against glioma stem cells, inhibition of NO production, activity against influenza A virus and reversal of multidrug resistance of HepG2/ADR cells. Compounds 9 and 12 showed significant cytotoxic potency against GSC‐18# (IC50=1.351 and 4.439 μg ml−1, respectively) and GSC‐3# (IC50=10.88 and 6.348 μg ml−1, respectively) glioma stem cells, while compound 12 was also slightly less potent against GSC‐12# (IC50=13.45 μg ml−1) glioma stem cell growth. In addition, compounds 9 and 12 displayed obvious inhibition of NO production (IC50=4.6 and 15.8 μm, respectively).
Clinanthus microstephium, an Amaryllidaceae Species with Cholinesterase Inhibitor Alkaloids: Structure−Activity Analysis of Haemanthamine Skeleton Derivatives
Authors: Adessi Tonino G. , Borioni José L. , Pigni Natalia B. , Bastida Jaume , Cavallaro Valeria , Murray Ana P. , Puiatti Marcelo , Oberti Juan C. , Leiva Segundo , Nicotra Viviana E. , Garcia Manuela E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPlants of the Amaryllidaceae family are well‐known (not only) for their ornamental value but also for the alkaloids that they produce. In this report, the first phytochemical study of Clinanthus genus was carried out. The chemical composition of alkaloid fractions from Clinanthus microstephium was analyzed by GC/MS and NMR. Seven known compounds belonging to three structural types of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids were identified. An epimeric mixture of a haemanthamine‐type compound (6‐hydroxymaritidine) was tested as an inhibitor against acetyl‐ and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes (AChE and BChE, respectively), two enzymes relevant in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, with good results. Structure–activity relationships through molecular docking studies with this alkaloid and other structurally related compounds were discussed.
One‐year clinical outcome with a novel self‐expanding transcatheter heart valve
Authors: Pellegrini Costanza , Rheude Tobias , Trenkwalder Teresa , Mayr N. Patrick , Michel Jonathan , Kastrati Adnan , Schunkert Heribert , Kasel Albert M. , Joner Michael , Hengstenberg Christian , Husser Oliver 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate 1‐year outcome using the ACURATE neo (Symetis S.A., a Boston Scientific Company, Ecublens, Switzerland) according to the updated Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC‐2) with emphasis on the composite endpoints “clinical efficacy after 30 days” and “time‐related valve safety”.BackgroundInitial reports on the clinical performance of patients treated with the ACURATE neo are promising; however, information regarding one‐year outcome is scarce, especially with regard to the composite endpoints proposed by the VARC‐2.MethodsOne hundred and fifty one consecutive patients undergoing transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with the ACURATE neo for severe aortic valve stenosis were enrolled. Data were prospectively collected and event rates during follow‐up were calculated as the Kaplan–Meier estimates.ResultsMean age was 81.1 ± 5.9 years and 49.7% (75/151) were female with a median logistic EuroScore of 13.8% [8.2–20.5]. Device success was achieved in 88.1% (133/151) and procedure related mortality was 0.7% (1/151). At one‐year, all‐cause mortality was 3.3% (5/151), while permanent pacemaker implantation occurred in 12.7% (19/151) of patients. The “clinical efficacy after 30 days” was observed in 24.8% (37/151), where the main contributor was symptom worsening in 14.8% (22/151) of cases. “Time‐related valve safety” occurred in 22.0% (33/151) with structural valve deterioration as main contributor in 10.7% (16/151) of cases.ConclusionsUsing the ACURATE neo, we found a favorable safety profile with low all‐cause mortality at 1 year. The reported VARC‐2 defined composite endpoints at 1 year reveal low rates of “clinical efficacy after 30 days” and “time‐related valve safety”.
Deactivation Analysis of Industrial Spent Catalysts Applied to Lube Oil Hydrotreating in a Pilot Plant
Authors: Amora Marcelo Ramalho , Pacheco Marcelo E. , Azevedo Diana C. S. , Cavalcante Célio L. , Luna F. Murilo T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIndustrial spent catalysts taken from different beds of industrial lube oil hydrotreating reactors were investigated in a pilot plant. Experiments to quantify the catalytic activity loss for hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, and aromatic hydrogenation reactions were carried out using an industrial feedstock under operational conditions similar to the industrial ones. Characterization of the spent catalysts was performed to demonstrate the relative influence of different possible deactivation causes. Depending on the position of the catalyst inside the industrial reactor, different deactivation causes were evaluated. At the top of the reactor, poisoning by silicon, arsenic, and iron was the main cause, while at the bottom, coke deposition was predominant.
Direct Contact Membrane Distillation Applied to Colored Reactive or Disperse Dye Solutions
Authors: Ramlow Heloisa , D'Ávila Kramer Cavalcanti Carolina , Machado Ricardo Antonio Francisco , Krause Bierhalz Andrea Cristiane , Marangoni Cintia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe influence of dye class and chromogen groups of dyeing wastewaters composed by reactive or disperse dyes with different colors on direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) was investigated. The state‐of‐the‐art shows that disperse dyes and different dye colors are not studied in DCMD and the application of DCMD for dyeing wastewater treatment is limited to a few publications. High color rejection was obtained and water was recovered at the permeate side for feed solutions containing reactive or disperse dye. Influence of chromogen groups (colors) was not observed, whereas the class dye was decisive for the process performance. Reactive dyes showed higher mean permeate flux due to the repulsion between their anionic groups and the negative surface of the membrane. Partial wetting of larger pores allowed the passage of small disperse dye molecules, reducing color rejection.
Electrochemistry of CdSe Quantum Dots Studied by Single Molecule Spectroscopy
Authors: Alshalfouh Abdallatif , Oezaslan Mehtap , Dosche Carsten , Wittstock Gunther 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the last decades, nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as active materials for various technically relevant processes like photochemistry, electrochemistry, and catalysis. Although numerous studies have been reported on the redox chemistry and electrochemistry of semiconductor NPs (quantum dots, QDs), the dynamics and kinetics of individual QDs at electrode surfaces are still poorly understood to date. In order to obtain more detailed information, the electrochemical reactivity of single CdSe/CdS QDs with negative surface charge has been investigated in this work on a platinum (Pt) microelectrode using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). The results show that QDs are irreversibly oxidized in aqueous solution. However, the correlation time and average number of particles retrieved from FCS suggest that the QDs do not lose their emissive properties in a single collision and desorb from the electrode surface without being decomposed significantly.
Ratiometric Electrochemical Sensing Strategy for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Telomerase Activity
Authors: Meng Fanyu , Chen Xifeng , Cheng Wenbo , Hu Wei , Tang Yuguo , Miao Peng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe fabricated a ratiometric electrochemical strategy for the ultrasensitive analysis of telomerase activity. The hairpin DNA probe labeled with methylene blue (MB) tags at its 5’ termini is firstly immobilized on the gold electrode. It then hybridizes with the telomerase substrate primer labeled with ferrocene (Fc) tags. With the telomerase‐catalyzed reaction, a repeating sequence of (TTAGGG)n is generated, which is able to trigger the conformational transduction of the hairpin DNA probe. Consequently, MB tags are released from the electrode surface and the oxidation peak current (IMB) decreases. Meanwhile, the Fc signal remains stable and the peak current (IFc) can be used as the internal control, which improves the signal stability. This smart design allows reliable target recognition and the obtained results assure excellent analytical performances. IMB/IFc is found to be linearly related with logarithmic telomerase concentration with a quite low limit of detection (0.02 cells/μL). This proposed ratiometric method may emerge as a powerful practical tool for the analysis of telomerase activity, which may also be developed as a versatile tool for other nucleic acid assays.
Ternary Blend Strategy for Achieving High‐Efficiency Organic Photovoltaic Devices for Indoor Applications
Authors: Singh Ranbir , Shin Sang‐Chul , Lee Hansol , Kim Min , Shim Jae Won , Cho Kilwon , Lee Jae‐Joon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMonomeric perylene diimide (PDI) small molecules display a high absorption coefficient and crystallinity in solid‐state thin films due to strong π–π interactions between the molecules. To take advantage of these exciting properties of PDIs, N,N'‐bis(1‐ethylpropyl)perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic diimide (EP‐PDI) was mixed with a binary blend of PTB7 and PC71BM to fabricate an efficient ternary blend, which were in turn used to produce organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices well suited to indoor applications (PTB7=poly({4,8‐bis[(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl}{3‐fluoro‐2‐[(2‐ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4‐b]thiophenediyl}), PC71BM=[6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester). We varied the PC71BM/EP‐PDI weight ratio to investigate the influence of EP‐PDI on the optical, electrical, and morphological properties of the PTB7:PC71BM:EP‐PDI ternary blend. Compared with the reference PTB7:PC71BM binary blend, the ternary blends showed strong optical absorption in the wavelength range in which the spectra of indoor LED lamps show their strongest peaks. The addition of EP‐PDI to the binary blend was found to play an important role in altering the morphology of the blend in such a way as to facilitate charge transport in the resulting ternary blend. Apparently, as a result, the optimal PTB7:PC71BM:EP‐PDI‐based inverted OPV device exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.68 %, a fill factor (FF) of 68.5 %, and short‐circuit current density (JSC) of 56.7 μA cm−2 under 500 lx (ca. 0.17 mW cm−2) indoor LED light conditions.
Sulfonimidamides and Imidosulfuric Diamides: Compounds from an Underexplored Part of Biologically Relevant Chemical Space
Authors: Zasukha Sergiy V. , Timoshenko Vadim M. , Tolmachev Andrey A. , Pivnytska Valentyna O. , Gavrylenko Oleksii , Zhersh Serhii , Shermolovich Yuriy , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTwo novel solid reagents—1‐sulfonimidoyl‐ and 1‐sulfamimidoyl‐3‐methylimidazolium derivatives—for the synthesis of sulfonimidamides and imidosulfuric diamides, respectively, were developed. It is shown that these reagents are very effective in substitution reactions with various N‐ and O‐nucleophiles; therefore, they significantly extend the accessibility to the chemical space covered by organosulfur(VI) compounds with S=N bonds. In addition, previously unknown imidosulfuric diamides with free imino nitrogen groups were prepared, and their physical and chemical properties were characterized (including molecular geometry, pKa, Log P, microsomal stability, and reactivity towards typical electrophiles). Similar to other organosulfur(VI) derivatives with S=N bonds, these compounds can be considered as promising bioisosteres of amides, ureas, or sulfonamides.
Ancillary Ligand Effects on Red‐Emitting Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes
Authors: Lai Po‐Ni , Teets Thomas S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this work, a series of ten new red‐emitting heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes of the type Ir(C^N)2(L^X) (C^N=cyclometalating ligand, L^X=monoanionic chelating ancillary ligand) is introduced. The suite of new complexes includes two different cyclometalating ligands and five different ancillary ligands, with the primary goal of investigating the effect of the ancillary ligand structure on the excited‐state dynamics. The structural variety of the ancillary ligands permitted investigations of the effects of donor atom identity, chelate ring size, and substituents on the electronic structure and excited state properties. Electrochemical analysis showed that the ancillary ligand has a substantial effect on the energy of the HOMO, whereas the LUMO is left unperturbed. Photoluminescence spectra showed that the ancillary ligand can sometimes strongly influence the emission wavelength, but in all cases is an important determinant of the excited‐state dynamics.
Reactor Concept for Contactless Kinetic Measurement in Oscillating Droplets via Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Klement Torsten , Kockmann Norbert , Röder Thorsten 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA millistructured reactor and spectroscopic setup for contactless kinetic measurements in oscillating droplets is presented in this work. The polymerization of acrylic acid serves as a model reaction. Design and construction of the reactor focus on the optical access for Raman measurement, the nearly isothermal behavior, and the preservation of droplets during long‐term reactions with a high increase of viscosity. Another key aspect is the possibility of full automation at a later stage.
A review of statistical methods in imaging genetics
Authors: Nathoo Farouk S. , Kong Linglong , Zhu Hongtu ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2019

AbstractWith the rapid growth of modern technology, many biomedical studies are being conducted to collect massive datasets with volumes of multi‐modality imaging, genetic, neurocognitive and clinical information from increasingly large cohorts. Simultaneously extracting and integrating rich and diverse heterogeneous information in neuroimaging and/or genomics from these big datasets could transform our understanding of how genetic variants impact brain structure and function, cognitive function and brain‐related disease risk across the lifespan. Such understanding is critical for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of numerous complex brain‐related disorders (e.g., schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease). However, the development of analytical methods for the joint analysis of both high‐dimensional imaging phenotypes and high‐dimensional genetic data, a big data squared (BD2) problem, presents major computational and theoretical challenges for existing analytical methods. Besides the high‐dimensional nature of BD2, various neuroimaging measures often exhibit strong spatial smoothness and dependence and genetic markers may have a natural dependence structure arising from linkage disequilibrium. We review some recent developments of various statistical techniques for imaging genetics, including massive univariate and voxel‐wise approaches, reduced rank regression, mixture models and group sparse multi‐task regression. By doing so, we hope that this review may encourage others in the statistical community to enter into this new and exciting field of research. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 47: 108–131; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada