bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective observational study in patients with obstructive lung disease: NOVELTY design
Authors: Reddel Helen K. , Gerhardsson de Verdier Maria , Agustí Alvar , Anderson Gary , Beasley Richard , Bel Elisabeth H. , Janson Christer , Make Barry , Martin Richard J. , Pavord Ian , Price David , Keen Christina , Gardev Asparuh , Rennard Stephen , Sveréus Alecka , Bansal Aruna T. , Brannman Lance , Karlsson Niklas , Nuevo Javier , Nyberg Fredrik , Young Simon S. , Vestbo Jørgen 
Published: February 2019

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have overlapping clinical features and share pathobiological mechanisms but are often considered distinct disorders. Prospective, observational studies across asthma, COPD and asthma–COPD overlap are limited. NOVELTY is a global, prospective observational 3-year study enrolling ∼12 000 patients ≥12 years of age from primary and specialist clinical practices in 19 countries (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT02760329).NOVELTY's primary objectives are to describe patient characteristics, treatment patterns and disease burden over time, and to identify phenotypes and molecular endotypes associated with differential outcomes over time in patients with a diagnosis/suspected diagnosis of asthma and/or COPD. NOVELTY aims to recruit real-world patients, unlike clinical studies with restrictive inclusion/exclusion criteria.Data collected at yearly intervals include clinical assessments, spirometry, biospecimens, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and healthcare utilisation (HCU). PROs and HCU will also be collected 3-monthlyviainternet/telephone. Data will be used to identify phenotypes and endotypes associated with different trajectories for symptom burden, clinical progression or remission and HCU. Results may allow patient classification across obstructive lung disease by clinical outcomes and biomarker profile, rather than by conventional diagnostic labels and severity categories.NOVELTY will provide a rich data source on obstructive lung disease, to help improve patient outcomes and aid novel drug development.
Energy-minimization multiscale based mesoscale modeling and applications in gas-fluidized catalytic reactors
Authors: Lu Bona , Niu Yan , Chen Feiguo , Ahmad Nouman , Wang Wei , Li Jinghai 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Gas-solid fluidization is intrinsically dynamic and manifests mesoscale structures spanning a wide range of length and timescales. When involved with reactions, more complex phenomena emerge and thus pose bigger challenges for modeling. As the mesoscale is critical to understand multiphase reactive flows, which the conventional two-fluid model without mesoscale modeling may be inadequate to resolve even using extremely fine grids, this review attempts to demonstrate that the energy-minimization multiscale (EMMS) model could be a starting point to develop such mesoscale modeling. Then, the EMMS-based mesoscale modeling with emphasis on formulation of drag coefficients for different fluidization regimes, modification of mass transfer coefficient, and other extensions are discussed in an attempt to resolve the emerging challenges. Its applications with examples of development of novel fluid catalytic cracking and methanol-to-olefins processes prove that the mesoscale modeling plays a remarkable role in improving the predictions in hydrodynamic behaviors and overall reaction rate. However, the product content primarily depends on the chemical kinetic model itself, suggesting the necessity of an effective coupling between chemical kinetics and flow characteristics. The mesoscale modeling can be believed to accelerate the traditional experimental-based scale-up process with much lower cost in the future.
Phototherapy for Neonatal Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia: Examining Outcomes by Level of Care
Authors: Fein Eric Herschel , Friedlander Scott , Lu Yang , Pak Youngju , Sakai-Bizmark Rie , Smith Lynne M. , Chantry Caroline J. , Chung Paul J. 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Newborns hospitalized with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia without critical comorbidities may receive intensive phototherapy (IP) in non-ICU levels of care, such as a mother-newborn unit, or ICU levels of care. Our aim was to compare outcomes between each level.

METHODS:
Using hospital discharge data from 2005 to 2011 in New York’s State Inpatient Database, we performed multivariate analyses to compare outcomes that included total cost of hospitalization, length of stay, 30-day readmission rate after IP, and the number of cases of death, exchange transfusion, and γ globulin infusion. We included term newborns treated with IP in their first 30 days of life and without diagnosis codes for other critical illnesses. Explanatory variables included level of care, sex, race, insurance type, presence or absence of hemolysis, hospital, volume of IP performed at each hospital, and year of hospitalization.

RESULTS:
Ninety-nine percent of IP was delivered in non-ICU levels of care. Incidence of major complications was rare (≤0.1%). After adjusting for confounders, ICU level of care was not associated with difference in length of stay (relative risk: 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91 to 1.15) or 30-day readmission rate (odds ratio: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.09) but was associated with 1.51 (95% CI: 1.47 to 1.56) times higher costs.

CONCLUSIONS:
For otherwise healthy term newborns with jaundice requiring IP, most received treatment in a non-ICU level of care, and those in intensive care had no difference in outcomes but incurred higher costs. IP guideline authors may want to be more prescriptive about IP level of care to improve value.
АНАЛИЗ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ВЯЗКОУПРУГОГО ПОВЕРХНОСТНО-АКТИВНОГО СОСТАВА НА МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯХ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ
Authors: (Gulnur R. Gumerova) Гумерова Гульнур Рашитовна , (Natalya R. Yarkeeva) Яркеева Наталья Расатовна 
Published: February 2019

Актуальность исследования определена тем, что современное состояние многих нефтяных месторождений характеризуется массовым их вступлением в позднюю стадию разработки. Cкважинная продукция сопровождается увеличением обводненности скважин при сохранении достаточного количества остаточных извлекаемых запасов нефти. При воздействии на пласт заводнением не все пропластки вовлекаются в разработку. Причинами являются неоднородность пласта, как по вертикали, так и по латерали, высокое соотношение вязкостей добываемой нефти и нагнетаемой воды. При этом процессы в пласте также сопровождаются преждевременным прорывом воды и, следовательно, снижением коэффициента нефтеотдачи. В связи с этим многие нефтяные компании уделяют большое внимание использованию методов регулирования фильтрационных потоков. Одной из таких эффективных технологий, с потокоотклоняющим действием, является применение сшитых полимерных составов. Их преимущества: более высокая вязкость раствора, чем у обычного полимера, создание высокого фактора остаточного сопротивления и способность проникать на более дальние расстояния от ствола нагнетательной скважины. Цель: оценка технологической эффективности от закачки вязкоупругого поверхностно-активного состава на одном из месторождений Западной Сибири. Объектом исследования является участок пласта с невовлекаемыми в разработку запасами и высокой обводненностью. Методы исследования основаны на анализе работы участка проведения обработки, построении карт, оценки запасов. Результаты. Расчитана эффективность обработки нагнетательной скважины на основе интегральной характеристики вытеснения и результатов промысловых геофизических исследований. Выявлено, что технология использования вязкоупругого поверхностно-активного состава успешно была применена и может быть в дальнейшем использована на других месторождениях Западной Сибири.
PLANEJAMENTO DE AULAS PARA CONTEXTO DIVERSOS
Authors: Okaigusiku Alberto Eikiti , Grande Gabriela Claudino , Vilaço Fabiana Lacerda 
Published: February 2019

Visto que a sociedade se relaciona com a linguagem de forma multissemiótica, o trabalho discute o ensino de língua inglesa a partir das perspectivas dos letramentos críticos, dos multiletramentos e da transliguagem, analisando 8 planos de aula do curso Comunicação Intercultural oferecido pelo Idiomas Sem Fronteiras. O artigo propõe reflexões acerca da relevância de tais teorias e suas contribuições para a prática docente e construção linguística, analisando e refletindo sobre as atividades e textos trabalhados em sala de aula, inclusive as produções finais no gênero podcast, nas quais a criticidade e o letramento digital tomam forma em textos de relevância social.
BACKYARD FARMER: AN EXTENSION OUTREACH PROGRAM
Authors: Steinegger Donald H. 
Published: February 2019

“Backyard Farmer” is a Cooperative Extension (CE) television program that airs one night a week on the Nebraska Educational Television Network (ETV). “Backyard Farmer” is a one-hour program which airs throughout the lawn and gardening season from approximately April 1 to September 1 each year. This program combines a live call-in format, along with mailin questions and samples to be answered by the panel. In addition they discuss timely topics which are illustrated by videotapes and live demonstrations. The panelists are specialists in horticulture, entomology, plant pathology and agronomy (weed science).
Slightly over two-thirds of the Nebraska households (69%) were familiar with “Backyard Farmer”. Backyard Farmer has been watched in 49% of Nebraska households. Thus Backyard Farmer is viewed in approximately 270,000 households.
Viewers are more likely than non-viewers to have sought advice from Cooperative Extension in the past two years. Although the total number of viewers in the urban area was higher than in the rural area, there was a higher proportion of viewers in the rural area. Nearly half of the “Backyard Farmer” viewing audience (47%) was under age 45.
GROWTH, WATER RELATIONS, AND CARBON TRANSFER BETWEEN CASTILLEJA INDIVISA AND ITS HOSTS
Authors: Sweatt Michael R. , Zajicek Jayne 
Published: February 2019

Castilleja indivisa (Indian Paintbrush normally grows hemiparasitically in association with various hosts. Research at Texas A&M University has shown that depending on which host plant is selected, growth rates are increased two to five times over Castilleja grown without a host.Haustorial connections form between the roots of Castilleja and the roots of its host plant. Published papers show that water and nutrients are transferred from the host to the hemiparasite, although this has not been characterized on a quantative level.Water relations of Castilleja and various hosts are being examined by psychrometry to determine the importance of water transfer in the relationship. Carbon transfer and partitioning is being examined using steady state 14CO2 labeling. Water relations, carbon transfer, and host specific growth enhancement will be discussed.
CONTROL OF POINSETTIA GROWTH AND PIGMENTATION BY MANIPULATING LIGHT QUALITY
Authors: McMahon M.J. , Kelly J. W. 
Published: February 2019

Euphorbia pulcherrima `Glory' were grown under natural photoperiods from 5 Oct. to 20 Dec. in specially constructed growth chambers equipped with clear double-walled polycarbonate panels filled with liquids that served as spectral filters. The filters were a blue dye that increased far-red/red FR/R) light, a CuSO4 solution that decreased FR/R, and H2O (control) which did not alter FR/R from natural light. The FR/R values were 1.01, 0.86, and 0.34 for blue dye, H2O (natural), and CuSO4, respectively. FR and R were measured at 725-730 and 655-660nm, respectively.Plants grown under the CuSO4 filter were 32% shorter, with shorter internodes (48%), greater leaf chlorophyll (25%), and more lateral branches (17%) than controls. Plants grown under blue dye filters did not differ from controls. All plants developed normal bracts and flowers.
USE OF SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHT TO ENHANCE GROWTH AND DECREASE NITRATE LEVELS IN GREENHOUSE GROWN SPINACH
Authors: Lgogendra Seenithamby , Janes Harry W. , Motto Harry , Giacomelli Gene 
Published: February 2019

With the increasing establishment of greenhouses in conjunction with resource recovery projects (i.e., producing electricity by burning a low cost fuel), greenhouse facilities have access to low cost heat and in many cases electricity as well. In this regard we have been studying the production of spinach with the use of supplemental light.The goal of the research was to establish the relationship between light and productivity and to also investigate the effects of light on tissue nitrate levels. The data indicate that an average daily PPF of 13-14 moles will provide enough energy to maximize the plant's relative growth rate. It was also found that supplemental HPS light with a PPF of 90 μmoles/m2/sec given over a 12h period will increase the total light received by a plant in mid-winter by about 50% and lead to a 10% decrease in leaf nitrate level.
TRANSPIRATION OF A POTTED ROSE PLANT USING A HEAT BALANCE STEM FLOW GAUGE
Authors: Rose Mark A. , White John W. , Cuello Joel L. 
Published: February 2019

Recently developed stem flow gauges that allow for direct, accurate, non-invasive, and continuous measurement of plant sap flow rates have not been used to monitor transpiration of floricultural plants grown in greenhouses.A Dynamax SGA10 heat-balance sap-flow sensor was mounted on a potted rose plant's main stem containing a total leaf area of 0.52 m in order to monitor transpiration. The sensor was connected to a CR21X Micrologger for data calculation and temporary storage. The results showed average midday sap-flow rates range from 20-30 g·hr-1 to 50-70 g·hr-1 at low and high levels of PPF, respectively. Nighttime levels of 4-7 g·hr-1 persisted throughout early winter trials. Monitoring transpiration of the same rose stem using a lysimeter revealed a significant linear correlation (r2 = 0.999) between the lysimeter and the stem flow gauge values.In the future, research will be conducted with the gauge to investigate relationships between microclimatic variables, photosynthesis, and transpiration.
POINSETTIA GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN RESPONSE TO DAY-NIGHT TEMPERATURE REGIME AND UNICONAZOLE.
Authors: McAvoy Richard J. 
Published: February 2019

Poinsettias, Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. cvs Lilo and Diva Starlight, were exposed to either warm day-cool night or cool day-warm night greenhouse temperature regimes. Day time temperatures were imposed between 900 to 1600 HR. Within each temperature regime, poinsettias were grown single stem or pinched and drenched with either 0.04 or 0.08 mg a.i. uniconazole per 1.6 1 pot or grown as untreated controls. Light levels (PAR) and potting medium and plant canopy temperatures were continuously monitored.Over the course of the study, the day-night temperature differential (DIF), in the plant canopy, averaged 4.2C in the warm day regime and -1.4C in the cool day regime. The average daily temperature was lower (16.9C) in the warm day regime than in the cool day regime (18.7C).DIF treatment significantly affected final leaf area, leaf and total plant dry weight, leaf area ratio and specific leaf weight, The DIF treatment by cultivar interaction was significant for final poinsettia leaf area, stem, leaf and total plant dry weight, break number and average break length. Uniconazole significantly affected final plant height, stem and total plant dry weight, break number, average break length and specific leaf weight. Uniconazole by DIF treatment effects were not significant,
THE NATURE AND MEANS TO OVERCOME HYBRID BREAKDOWN IN THE F2 OF AN INTERSPECIFIC CROSS IN LYCOPERSICON
Authors: Liu Sinchieh , Mutschler Martha A. 
Published: February 2019

The transfer of multigenic traits into tomato has been slow due to interspecific barriers (hybrid breakdown) found in the F2 of the Lycopersicon esculentum × L. pennellii cross (esc × pen), including blocks in normal reproductive development and nonfecundity. In a typical (esc × pen) F2 population, failure to flower and premeiotic blocks in pollen development occurred in 2% and 11% of the population, respectively. The remaining plants showed a mean of 37% stainable pollen. Twenty three percent of the F2 plants set seed, with an average of 4.5 seeds/fruit. An average of 33% of the stainable pollen from the 7 F2 plants with the highest stainable pollen measurements germinated in vitro, but only 4 of these 7 plants set seed. Thus, percent stainable pollen is not an adequate predictor of fecundity, and the non-fecundity in the F2Le plants must involve barriers occurring after pollen germination.A method was developed which greatly reduces or eliminates each of the F2 barriers. The method and its efficacy on each of the aspects of hybrid breakdown will be discussed.
ALSTROEMERIA CARBOHYDRATE PARTITIONING
Authors: Graper David , Healy Will 
Published: February 2019

Non flowering Alstroemeria `Regina' plants were divided into aerial components: stems and apical and basal leaves or underground components: rhizome, storage roots, stele and fibrous roots. Samples were collected from distal and proximal ends of the rhizome to allow comparisons between structures of different ages. Ethanol soluble sugars were extracted and measured using HPLC. Starch was degraded to glucose using amyloglucosidase and measured.There were no age differences in the starch, total soluble sugar (TSUGAR) or total soluble carbohydrates (TCHO) in the rhizome or aerial portions of the plant. There was a preferential partitioning of starch, sucrose, TSUGAR and TCHO to underground plant parts. The storage roots were the primary sink for the stored carbohydrates. Stems contained large concentration of glucose while fructose was found in storage roots and old stems. Sucrose was found primarily in old steles and storage roots. Starch was partitioned almost exclusively into the storage roots with no difference due to age of the storage root. Up to 42% of the TCHO in the old storage roots was composed of a carbohydrate which co-chromatogramed with melezitose using HPLC.
ALLOZYME INHERITANCE AND DIVERSITY IN SOUR CHERRY
Authors: Beaver James , Iezzoni Amy 
Published: February 2019

Starch gel electrophoresis was employed to study inheritance and diversity of allozyme loci in a sour cherry (2n=4×=32) germplasm collection. Segregation data was collected for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), leucine amino peptidase (LAP), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), peroxidase (PX) (cathodal activity), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase (6-PGD), and shikimate dehydrogenase (s k d h).Data suggest that alleles can be assigned to many of the enzyme systems being studied: ADH, GPI, IDH, LAP, PGM, and 6-PGD. Most loci are diallelic and often exhibit the unbalanced heterozygous condition. MDH, PX, and 6-PGD are highly polymorphic. Progeny segregation data fit disomic inheritance models, indicating that sour cherry is an allotetraploid.
RELATIVE WATER REQUIREMENTS OF SIX GROUND-COVER SPECIES.
Authors: Pittenger D.R. , Hodel Donald R. , Shaw David A. 
Published: February 2019

Non-turf ground-covers occupy a significant portion of the landscape, and understanding their water requirements is important when water conservationism being practiced. Six groundcover species (Baccharis pilularis `Twin Peaks', Drosanthemum hispidum, Vinca major Gazania hybrid, Potentilla tabernaemontani and Hedera helix `Needlepoint') representing a range of observed water needs were evaluated under different levels of irrigation based on percentages of real-time reference evapotranspiration.Treatments of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of ETO were applied during 1989 while treatments of 50%, 40%, 30% and 20% of ETO were applied during 1990. Plant performance ratings in the first year indicated that 50% of ETO was the minimum treatment which resulted in acceptable plan aesthetics for all species except for Drosanthemum which performed equally well at each treatment. Significant differences in performance did occur among and within species at the different treatments. Results from 1990 will reveal which species might maintain aesthetic appearance at irrigation levels between 50% and 20% of ETO. These results will be presented and discussed in terms of their significance to species selection and total landscape irrigation management.
INFLUENCE OF PRODUCTION NITROGEN LEVEL AND BENZYLADENINE ON POSTHARVEST CHARACTERISTICS OF Rosa × hybrida `Meijikatar'
Authors: Clark David G. , Kelly John W. 
Published: February 2019

Rosa × hybrida `Meijikatar' plants were fertilized on weekdays with Hoagland's solution at 100, 200, or 300 mg·liter-1 nitrogen. Prior to simulated shipping, plants were treated with benzyladenine at 0, 25, 50, or 100 mg a.i.·liter-1. Plants were subsequently paper sleeved and stored in cardboard boxes in darkness at 16 C for 5 days.On the day of harvest, plant height and number of flowers per plant were not affected by production nitrogen level. After removal from simulated shipping, total chlorophyll was increased in the lower leaves of plants grown at higher nitrogen rates and treated with higher rates of benzyladenine. Three and five days after removal from simulated shipping, the least percent leaf chlorosis was observed on plants treated with higher rates of cytokinin, but there was no effect of production nitrogen regime.
CHRYSANTHEMUM RESPONSE TO TIMING OF PACLOBUTRAZOL AND UNICONAZOLE SPRAY APPLICATION
Authors: Gilbertz David A. 
Published: February 2019

Spray applications of uniconazole (UC) or paclobutrazol (PB) were applied 0, 2, or 4 weeks after pinching Dendranthema grandiflora (Tzvelev). `Bright Golden Anne' cuttings planted 4 per 15 cm pot. Cuttings were controlled to 3 shoots each, averaging 5.4 and 14.9 cm at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively.Final height was affected interactively by week of application and chemical treatment. Treatment at pinch caused less stem elongation than later treatments, probably due to persistence of PB and UC activity until flowering. At week 4, 67% of stem elongation had already occurred and, therefore, less retardation was possible. Of the 4 triazole treatments, PB at 30 mg 1-1 (20 ml per pot) applied at pinch produced heights similar to daminozide 5000 mg 1-1 applied at 2 weeks. PB at 60 mg 1-1 gave similar height control as UC 15 mg 1-1. UC 30 mg 1-1 treated plants were shortest regardless of treatment timing, averaging 16.9 cm applied week 2.Other growth data was pooled for week of application and for chemical treatment since there was no interaction. Flowering was delayd 2 days and flower dry weight was reduced up to 26% by treatment at pinch compared to later treatments. Flower diameter was only minimally affected by treatments.
PETUNIA SEEDLING GROWTH - FLOWERING RESPONSE
Authors: Healy Will , Graper David 
Published: February 2019

Petunia `Red Flash' seedlings were grown under HPS (175 μmol m-2 s-1) photoperiod treatments of 10, 12, 14 or 16 hr at 20C soil temperature in a shaded glasshouse where the maximum peak PPF was reduced to 150 μmolm-2s-1. Seedling were transplanted after they had unfolded a specific number of leaves and grown under natural days or placed under photoperiod treatments which consisted of an 8 hr natural day with incandescent day extension treatments of 1 to 6 hours.A 16 hr HPS treatment decreased the days to transplant (DTT) by more than 4 days and reduced the days from transplant to flower (DTF) by more than 5 days. The total reduction in days from sowing to flower (DSTF) was at least 8 days. When compared to unlighted controls, the reduction in DSTF was 26 days. The longer the seedlings remained under the HPS treatments, the shorter the DTF and DSTF. Premature shifting of plants to natural days resulted in up to a 9 day delay in DSTF. At photoperiods greater than 13 hr, the number of nodes subtending the inflorescence becomes constant regardless of number of leaves at transplant.