bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Screw and Wire Traction in Anatomic Reduction of Mandibular Fracture
Authors: Hussein Mohamed Ibrahim , Mahmoud Nada Abdelsattar , Reyad Khaled , salah Lina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Displaced mandibular fractures have numerous ways of being reduced, the aim of adequate fracture reduction is to achieve good bone contact to allow for adequate healing. Reduction techniques include, bone holding forceps, manual reduction and reduction using IMF techniques which restore occlusion and then secondarily reduce the fracture site. Fracture immobilization using rigid fixation then follows reduction thus maintaining adequate bone contact allowing fracture line healing. The use of screw and wire traction provides stable fracture reduction anatomically without the need for IMF.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of screw and wire traction in anatomical reduction of mandibular fracture on the accuracy of reduction, operative time and post-operative pain and edema.

Patients and Methods
This is a single arm interventional clinical trial including twenty adult individuals with mandibular fractures. Patients who are fulfilling the inclusion criteria of our study were sampled randomly.

Results
Twenty cases were included in our study. Adequate fracture reduction was done in all patients with good clinical bone contact and with good post-operative CT results, post-operative pain and edema were minimal due to decreased manipulation of the fracture and the simplicity of the technique. The occlusion of the patients was followed up 2 and 6 weeks post operatively with cases showing no occlusal disturbance and return to normal function within 3 months.

Conclusion
Screw and wire traction for reduction of mandibular fractures anatomically showed success as regards to fracture reduction and showed no occlusal complication, we recommend this technique specially in symphyseal, paranymphs and angle fracture. The fracture line taking a strictly vertical axis shows the best outcome, however multiplanar fracture lines or L-shaped fractures are not good specimens for this method of reduction.
Association between the Frequency of Social Media Exposure and Mental Health Problems among Employees at Ain Shams University during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nagi Mariam wadi Abdulla , El-Awady Mohamed Yehia , Magdy Isis , Shehata Mossad , Wassif Ghada O 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic created a threat to human well-being. The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease combined with quarantine measurements made people use social media platforms more than before. The improper and excessive use of social media affected people’s mental health, resulting in increased levels of depression and anxiety.

Objective
This study aimed To measure the frequency of anxiety and depression in the last 12 months, during the COVID-19 pandemic among employees at Ain Shams University. And to measure the association between social media exposure and mental health, including anxiety and depression among employees at Ain Shams University in the last 12 months, during the Covid- 19 pandemic.

Method
Data was gathered through a 6- month cross-sectional analytical study including 405 staff members who were asked to answer a standardized self-administered questionnaire from 1 September 2021 to 31 March 2022. The questionnaires contain three parts: (1) socio- demographic information (2) Daily use of social media and other types of media (3) Measurement of levels of anxiety and depression using the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales

Result
Overall 405 participants were enrolled, 203 males and 202 females ranging from the age (20-30) to 51 and above. (78.8%) of the study sample used social media to be updated about the pandemic. (40.7%) and (41.6%) of the participants who visited social media six times or more per day scored severely depressed on the PHQ-9 scale and severely anxious on the GAD-7 scale, respectively. Furthermore, (33.1%) of participants who used social media for 4 hours or more had severe depression according to the PHQ- 9, and (29.9%) had severe anxiety according to the GAD-7.

Conclusion and Recommendations
Our findings offer some evidence for a troubling relationship between COVID-19-related media exposure on social media and psychological problems, and therefore understanding these problems can help to prevent them in future crises. Additionally, it could help governments monitor the spread of misinformation.
Personal Listening Devices (PLDs) Usage and Auditory Effects among University Students in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Raouf Nabila Mohammed , Salah Waleed , Moharram Ghada , Hussein Wafaa Mohamed , Mahaba Hisham 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The improper use of personal listening devices (PLDs) among young adults has been associated with an increased risk of hearing loss.

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the PLDs listening practices among university students and to assess their auditory effects.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving a sample of 310 university students from Ain Shams University. The participants were conveniently selected from the Faculty of Medicine and Science. Participants were surveyed about their PLDs listening practices, including the daily duration of PLDs use, the volume at which they were typically used, and the number of years they had been using their PLDs. Participants were asked about common hearing problems associated with PLDs, and other risk factors for hearing loss were assessed. Hearing loss screening was done using the Five-minute hearing test (FMHT) and the “Hear WHO” mobile application. Participants who tested positive for hearing loss by both tests were referred for diagnostic pure-tone audiometry (PTA).

Results
Approximately 69% of the students used PLDs with an in-earpiece mainly during studying. A considerable proportion of students (53%) stated that they had been using their PLDs for over 5 years. Moreover, a notable percentage of students reported extended usage, with 83% using their PLDs for more than 60 minutes per day, and 72% using them at a volume level above 6. The majority of students (74%) were classified as low-risk users in terms of PLDs use. Thirty-three (10.6%) students tested positive for hearing loss on both screening tests, but only 5 (1.6%) had confirmed hearing loss by PTA. A Shift in the average hearing threshold at 4 kHz was detected in both ears, while remained within the normal range. Tinnitus was the most common symptom reported by 151 (49%) of the students, followed by ear pain reported by 130 (42%) of them. It was also detected that there was no statistically significant difference in hearing threshold levels based on the duration of PLDs use or the risk status of PLDs use. Moreover, in the multivariable logistic regression analysis, it was found that risk category of PLDs use was a significant predictor of tinnitus (OR: 2.69; 95% CI, 1.46-4.65), ear pain (OR: 2.62; 95% CI, 1.70-4.80), and excessive ear wax (OR: 2.43; 95% CI, 1.30-4.20) in higher risk categories compared to lower risk group.

Conclusion
Most students used PLDs for more than one hour daily with high volume (&gt; 6). PLDs use was associated with auditory problems including tinnitus and ear pain. Regular hearing screenings is recommended for early detection of hearing loss among PLDs users.
Role of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound in Early Assessment of Acute Post Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Ekbal Ghoneim Ahmed Mohamed , Mohamed Safaa Kamal , Hetta Waleed Abd el Hamid , Alsayed Alkaphoury Mona Gamalludin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health and socioeconomic problem. It is responsible of millions of ED visits, hospitalizations, and deaths with lifelong disability among survivors. Immediately after TBI, cerebral blood flow (CBF) is extremely low approaching the ischemic thresholds. Concurrently, CBF velocities become strongly correlated to CBF itself. Identification of such disturbances can predict outcome in TBI when assessed early post- injury using Transcranial Doppler (TCD). TCD provides non-invasive real time measurements of CBF velocities as well as pulsatility index (PI).

Design
Observational prospective cohort study.

Setting
Helwan university hospital.

Aim
to assess the accuracy of transcranial Doppler ultrasound as an early predictor of secondary neurological deterioration after acute post traumatic brain injury

Patients and Methods
55 patients of acute post traumatic brain injury underwent TCD within 8 hours post trauma. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) velocities and pulsatility index, as well as GCS and initial CT findings, were recorded. The primary end point was the development of secondary neurological deterioration (SND) at day 7 after injury. Secondary outcome measures were the in-hospital mortality and hospital length of stay.

Results
There was a significant relation between end diastolic velocity (EVD) as well as PI with SND at day 7 as well as GOSE at day 28 post-trauma. There was also significant correlation between PI and hospital mortality.

Conclusion
TCD, when done early after admission, is useful in identifying patients at risk for developing neurological deterioration after TBI. EDV and PI are good predictors of SND at one week.as well as in-hospital mortality.
Value of Strain Elastography in Evaluation of Supraspinatus Tendinopathy in Patients with Chronic Shoulder Pain, A Comparative Study to MRI
Authors: Samir Abdelmohsen Ahmed Mohamed , Fahmy Marwa Ibrahim , Ashraf Okba Ahmed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Rotator cuff disorders are one of the most important causes of chronic shoulder pain and the clinical differentiation between the different rotator cuff disorders is difficult and imaging is mandatory for diagnosis and proper assessment of rotator cuff abnormalities. The most commonly used imaging modalities are ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with MRI is the reference standard for imaging of rotator cuff disorders yet its use is hindered by high cost and MRI contraindications.

Aim of the Work
to assess role of SEL in the evaluation of supraspinatus tendon abnormalities and to evaluate the relationship between the measured strain ratio and the MRI grade of tendinopathy.

Patients and Methods
Our study included 40 patients with chronic shoulder pain including 11 patients with no evident tendinopathy on MRI (grade 0) (27.5%) 9 patients with grade I tendinopathy (22.5 %), 10 patients with grade II tendinopathy (25 %) and 10 patients (25 %) with supraspinatus tendon tear (grade III).

Results
Our study showed that normal supraspinatus tendons appear homogenous and stiff with high strain ratios, whereas pathological ones showed a more heterogenous and reduced stiffness pattern with intratendinous color alterations and lower strain ratios. This is explained by the fact that tendinopathy leads to collagen fiber degeneration and breaking down, resulting into tendon softening and weakness. Our study also showed strong linear association between the MRI grade and the stiffness indicated by the strain ratios (p &lt; 0.05). There was a perfect negative correlation grade of tendinopathy and SEL strain ratio. As tendinopathy increased, tendons became softer which was indicated by the reduced strain ratio values. These findings were in agreement with many previously published studies.

Conclusion
The application of SEL in musculoskeletal system is not well established, but this study showed that SEL can detect differences between the normal and diseased rotator cuff tendons with good correlation to MRI with other studies showed improved sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in detection of tendon abnormalities. It can also add further important information to conventional shoulder imaging such as tendon quality which considered as a prognostic factor for rotator cuff repair.
Transabdominal Ultrasound Imaging of Pelvic Floor Muscle Activity in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Sobhy Guirguis Mounir , Ibraheem Suzan Farouk , Abdallah Alaa Abdelkhaleck 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Several methods are used in assessment of pelvic floor muscles (PFM) in female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Transabdominal ultrasound (TAU) is an easy, inexpensive, and non-invasive assessment tool that has been used to evaluate aspects of PFM function. Bladder base displacement, which is detected by TAU, is considered a marker for PFM activity.

Objective
Detection of the role of transabdominal ultra sound in evaluating pelvic floor muscle activity in women with stress urinary incontinence.

Patients and Methods
A total of 42 female volunteers (half patients were volunteers from friends, neighbors, colleges and relatives with no stress urinary incontinence, the another half was clinically diagnosed as stress urinary incontinence considering age matching between volunteers and patients with stress urinary incontinence. The medical charts of ultrasound of forty two consecutive females were analyzed. The US examinations were performed using adapted equipment with high-resolution curvilinear transducers. The difference in bladder base displacement (as the dependent variable) between the resting position and the end of each maneuver was measured in millimeters. Three tasks were performed in random order; PFM contraction, Valsalva maneuver, and abdominal curl. Supervisors and experts interpreted the images of the examinations.

Results
Higher mean values of bladder base decent were reported during Valsalva maneuver, PFM contraction and abdominal curl among cases women with stress urinary incontinence compared with control cases. There was no difference between study groups regarding age, parity and mode of delivery.

Conclusion
PFM performance is decreased in women with urinary incontinence. Transabdominal ultrasound is safe, accurate, noninvasive and safe tool in evaluating pelvic floor muscle activity in women with stress urinary incontinence.
Role of Ultrasound Elastography versus Ultrasound Guided Biopsy in Detection of Cancer Prostate
Authors: Remah Ali Ahmed , Abdel Raouf Maha Mohamed , Ghandour Ahmed Mohamed , El Diasty Shaimaa El Metwally 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Prostate cancer detection has evidently evolved through the past years. Ultrasound is already established in PCA diagnosis, with introduction of adjuvant techniques to ultrasonography promoting its capabilities in PCA diagnosis. Elastography technique was introduced for the first time in the 90s, it is an easy procedure with high capabilities in diagnosis and can be at same session with US increasing its specificity.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study is to define the effect of US elastography in early detection of cancer prostate.

Patients and Methods
This study was prospectively carried on 22 male patients having prostatic lesions, (between June 2020 to November 2022), the mean age of all cases was 63.5 years, with a median of PSA of 30.6 ng/mL, a median prostatic volume of 65 mL. This study was performed in the ultrasound unit/ radiology department of the Police Medical Complex at New-Cairo. Patients were referred from the outpatient clinic of the urology department.

Results
We found that to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions the best stiffness cut-off value would be between 35 and 37 kPa, sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 70%, PPV 76.9% and NPV 77.7% and accuracy 77.2%.

Conclusion
Elastography is an easy procedure that provides diagnostic extra tool which can be easily done in the same session with the B-mode ultrasound examination and improves its specificity for detection of prostatic cancer. It has proven benefit in differentiating benign form malignant lesions and optimizing the results of prostate biopsies.
Comparison Study between MRI with Contrast and Doppler Ultrasound in Diagnosis Pathological Nipple Discharge
Authors: Abdelbary Aliaa Maamoun , Mohammed Safaa Kamal , Salama Asmaa Magdy Mohammed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Pathologic nipple discharge (PND) is characterized by spontaneous secretions that stem from unilateral single or several ducts. The most common cause of nipple discharge is benign breast lesions, such as solitary intraductal (ID) papilloma and papillomatosis. A rare but major cause of PND is breast cancer, which comprises 5%-21% of such cases.

Aim of the Work
In this study we aimed to compare the accuracy of Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CEMRI) and Doppler ultrasonography in patients with pathological nipple discharge using pathological examination as a golden standard.

Patients and Methods
This cross sectional study was conducted in Mit - Ghamer Oncology Center and Ain Shams university Hospitals. We enrolled 50 female patients their mean age (SD) was 44.44 years & ranged between (17-73) years.

Results
There was statistically significant difference between malignant and benign lesions regarding Doppler findings as benign lesions more liable to appear as avascular (84.62%) and hypovascular (61.11%) than malignant lesions; on the other hand malignant lesions appeared mainly as intermediate (91.67%) or hypervascular (85.71%). There was statistically significant difference between benign and malignant lesions regarding vascular flow Pattern; as avascular pattern appeared mainly in benign lesions (84.62%), However, penetrating (57.14%) as well as peripheral and penetrating (83.33%) pattern appeared mainly in malignant lesions. Doppler US showing accuracy 80%, sensitivity 84.6% and specificity 75%. Regarding MRI findings, homogenous enhancement was statistically significant as main finding of all benign lesions (100%). Also, heterogeneous enhancement was significantly significant among malignant (92.86%) lesions. Regarding curve type, there was statistically significant difference between benign and malignant lesions as type I curve was represented mainly benign lesions (93.33%), type III curve was represented malignant lesions (100%) and type II curve was represented in 10 benign cases (71.43%) and in 4 malignant cases (28.57%). Regarding MRI it had a higher accuracy (88%), sensitivity (88.5%) and specificity (87.5%) than Doppler.

Conclusion
Contrast enhanced MRI is superior to Doppler US in the diagnosis of PND. Contrast enhanced MRI has higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (88.5%, 87.5% and 88%) respectively than Doppler US (84.6%, 75% and 80%) respectively.
Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder Joint; Correlation between the Utrasonographic and MRI Findings
Authors: farouk Kamel Omar , Eladly Alshaimaa Mohamed , Ahmed Khaled Sayed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Adhesive capsulitis “frozen shoulder,” is a debilitating condition characterized by progressive pain and limited range of motion of the glenohumeral joint. It is a condition that typically affects middle-aged women, with some evidence for an association with endocrinological, rheumatological, and autoimmune disease states. Early diagnosis and treatment of adhesive capsulitis can lead to markedly improved clinical management. Diagnosis is usually based on physical examination alone. However, imaging studies can clarify the diagnosis in equivocal cases showing overlapping symptoms with other shoulder pathologies.

Aim
to correlate between the ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (ACS).

Material & Method
Our study was carried out on 30 patients, of any age group, having shoulder pain and stiffness for longer than 15 weeks. The patients had both US & MRI examinations, the findings of the 2 modalities were recorded and compared.

Results
There was significant statistical agreement (P value &lt;0.001) between US & conventional MRI, US demonstrated CHL, IGH and rotator interval changes.

Conclusion
Based on the results, high resolution US with dynamic real-time assessment was proven to be sensitive, specific with significant agreement to conventional MRI in detecting adhesive capsulitis pathology. So US can be used as an initial modality for patients with chronic shoulder pain and limitation of movements.
Comparison of the Retention and Aspiration Techniques in Ultrasound-Guided Ethanol Ablation of Thyroid Cystic Nodules
Authors: Abdo Salem Amr Muhammad , Abou-Elmaaty Mohamed El-Gharib , Abdelsalam Mona Mohamed , Abdelmoteleb Mohamed Gamal , Allam Allam El-Sayed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Ethanol ablation (EA) is the first-line of therapy for relapsing symptomatic cystic thyroid nodules in most guidelines; however there is no consensus regarding the procedure details. Two techniques have been described for EA of thyroid cystic nodules; the retention technique and the aspiration technique. There are conflicting data regarding the superiority of one technique over the other.

Aim of the Work
to compare between the retention technique and the aspiration technique in treating cystic and predominantly cystic thyroid nodules.

Patients and Methods
20 patients with mean age of 35.3±15.2 years having thyroid cysts or predominantly cystic nodules were treated using ethanol ablation. 10 patients were treated using retention technique, the other 10 patients were treated using aspiration technique.

Results
15 patients (75%) were females, while 5 patients (25%) were males. Pure cystic nodules were 9 (45%), while 11 (55 %) patients had predominantly cystic nodules. The median nodule initial volume was 26 cc (14.23-38.45). The 6 month VRR was 81% (60-88), with overall success rate (VRR≥ 50%) of 85 %. No statistically significant difference was found between the retention and aspiration techniques as regards the 6-month VRR (P = 0.62), success rate (P = 0.76), symptom score (P = 0.63), cosmetic score (P = 0.455), or procedural pain (P = 0.43).

Conclusion
Retention and aspiration techniques show the same efficacy and safety in treating pure cystic and predominantly cystic thyroid nodules.
Effect of Transarterial Chemoembolization on Portal Venous Pressure in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Abo-Elmaaty Mohamed El-Gharieb , Saad Heba Ismail , Shokry Wessam Sherin , Mahmoud Amr Salah Ahmed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and has a poor prognosis unless treated. Transarterial chemoembolization of HCC lesions is a promising treatment option for patients who are not eligible for surgery.

Objective
To study the short term effect of TACE on portal venous pressure by assessing it indirectly through measuring hepatic venous pressure gradient before and after TACE procedure.

Patients and Methods
Our study was a Prospective cohort analysis of patients who were been referred to our IR unit (in our university hospital) diagnosed with HCC for performance of TACE at the period between January 2022 and December 2022. (21 patients).

Results
Our study showed that there is no short term effect of TACE on HVPG (which reflects the portal pressure). We also recommend doing a follow up measurement of HVPG after 6 months and compare it with the baseline measurements to assess the long term effect of TACE on the portal pressure.

Conclusion
Our study is in agreement with previous studies that there is no short term effect of TACE on HVPG (which reflects the portal pressure).