bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Social Influence on Nurses' Hand Hygiene Behaviors
Authors: Piras Susan E. , Minnick Ann , Lauderdale Jana , Dietrich Mary S. , Vogus Timothy J. 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this article is to describe the associations of nurses' hand hygiene (HH) attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control with observed and self-reported HH behavior.

BACKGROUND
Hand hygiene is an essential strategy to prevent healthcare-associated infections. Despite tremendous efforts, nurses' HH adherence rates remain suboptimal.

METHODS
This quantitative descriptive study of ICU nurses in the southeastern United States was guided by the theory of planned behavior. The self-administered Patient Safety Opinion Survey and iScrub application, which facilitates observation, comprised the data set.

RESULTS
Nurses' observed HH median was 55%; tendency to self-report was a much higher 90%. Subjective norm and perceived control scores were associated with observed and self-reported HH (P < .05) but not attitude scores or reports of intention.

CONCLUSIONS
Nurses' subjective norm and perceived control are associated with observed and self-reported HH performance. Healthcare workers overestimate their HH performance. Findings suggest future research to explore manipulators of these variables to change nurses' HH behavior.
Developing and Testing an International Audit of Nursing Quality Indicators for Older Adults With Fragility Hip Fracture
Authors: MacDonald Valerie , Maher Ann Butler , Mainz Hanne , Meehan Anita J. , Brent Louise , Hommel Ami , Hertz Karen , Taylor Anita , Sheehan Katie Jane 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND:
Fragility hip fracture in older adults often has poor outcomes, but these outcomes can be improved with attention to specific quality care indicators.

PURPOSE:
The International Collaboration of Orthopaedic Nursing (ICON) developed an audit process to identify the extent to which internationally accepted nursing quality care indicators for older adults with fragility hip fracture are reflected in policies, protocols, and processes guiding acute care.

METHODS:
A data abstraction tool was created for each of 12 quality indicators. Data were collected using a mixed-methods approach with unstructured rounds. A rationale document providing evidence for the quality indicators and a user evaluation form were included with the audit tool. A purposeful sample of 35 acute care hospitals representing 7 countries was selected.

RESULTS:
Thirty-five hospitals (100%) completed the survey. Respondents viewed the content as relevant and applicable for the defined patient population. Although timing and frequency of implementation varied among and within countries, the identified quality indicators were reflected in the majority of policies, protocols, or processes guiding care in the hospitals surveyed.

CONCLUSION:
Developing and testing an audit of nurse-sensitive quality indicators for older adults with fragility hip fracture demonstrate international consensus on common core best practices to ensure optimal acute care.
The FL/AC Ratio for Prediction of Shoulder Dystocia in Women With Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Duryea Elaine L. , Casey Brian M. , McIntire Donald D. , Twickler Diane M. 
Published: March 2018

(Abstracted from J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017;30(19):2378–2381)
Shoulder dystocia in vaginal deliveries can result in neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP), requiring multiple surgical interventions and resulting in severe long-term disability. Sonographic predictors of shoulder dystocia are of particular interest in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) as GDM increases the risk of shoulder dystocia.
Premature Ovarian Insufficiency in Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Report From the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort
Authors: Chemaitilly Wassim , Li Zhenghong , Krasin Matthew J. , Brooke Russell J. , Wilson Carmen L. , Green Daniel M. , Klosky James L. , Barnes Nicole , Clark Karen L. , Farr Jonathan B. , Fernandez-Pineda Israel , Bishop Michael W. , Metzger Monika , Pui Ching-Hon , Kaste Sue C. , Ness Kirsten K. , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Yasui Yutaka , Sklar Charles A. 
Published: March 2018

(Abstracted from J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017;102:2242–2250)
Survivors of childhood cancer are at an increased risk of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) because of the vulnerability of the ovaries to pelvic radiotherapy, alkylating agent chemotherapy, and other gonadotoxic treatment modalities. Although POI can occur early, during, or immediately following cancer treatment completion, it more commonly develops in the years following completion of cancer treatment but prior to age 40 years.
Efficacy of Bedside Respiratory Muscle Training in Patients With Stroke
Authors: Yoo Hyun-Joon , Pyun Sung-Bom 
Published: March 2018

Objective
Inspiratory and expiratory muscles are important for effective respiratory function. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of bedside respiratory muscle training on pulmonary function and stroke-related disabilities in stroke rehabilitation.

Design
Patients with stroke (N = 40) in a rehabilitation unit were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n
1 = 20) or the control group (n
2 = 20). Both groups participated in a conventional stroke rehabilitation program. During the study period, the intervention group received bedside respiratory muscle training twice a day for 3 wks. The respiratory muscle training consisted of (1) a breath stacking exercise, (2) inspiratory muscle training, and (3) expiratory muscle training. The primary outcomes were measures of pulmonary function: forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, and peak flow. Secondary outcomes were stroke-related disabilities assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Modified Barthel Index, Berg Balance Scale, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination, and pneumonia incidence.

Results
Pulmonary function was significantly improved in the intervention group after 3 wks of respiratory muscle training (P < 0.05). This improvement in pulmonary function was independent of the improvement in stroke-related disabilities.

Conclusion
Three weeks of respiratory muscle training had significant effects on pulmonary function in stroke survivors.

To Claim CME Credits
Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry.org/JournalCME

CME Objectives
Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to: (1) Appreciate the respiratory function changes that occur in patients following a stroke; (2) Describe appropriate inspiratory and expiratory muscle training techniques to improve pulmonary function in patients following a stroke; (3) Enhance ability to implement inpatient; and (4) Determine appropriate respiratory training programs for patients following stroke.

Level
Advanced

Accreditation
The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Cystic Progression of a Cavernous Malformation at the Level of the Trigeminal Root Entry Zone Presenting With Sudden Onset of Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Giacobbo Scavo Carlo , Roperto Raffaelino , Cacciotti Guglielmo , Mastronardi Luciano 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Cavernous malformations (CM) in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) are rare, and most of them are solid and extend from the internal auditory canal into the CPA. In contrast, cystic CM arising in the CPA and not involving the internal auditory canal and dura of the skull base are extremely rare. The authors present an uncommon large cystic progression of a cavernous malformation at the level of the trigeminal root entry zone evolving to severe trigeminal neuralgia and brainstem compression.

Methods:
A 62-year-old female presented a sudden onset of left trigeminal neuralgia, caused by a large cystic lesion at the level of the root entry zone of the left 5th nerve. On neurological examination, she showed slight gait ataxia and hypoesthesia on the left hemiface (on the first and second trigeminal branches). Other cranial nerves were in order. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large cystic intracranial mass, with a small solid portion, leading to brainstem compression.

Results:
Microsurgical removal of the lesion was performed via retrosigmoid approach, with intraoperative monitoring of somato-sensory evoked potentials, facial, and cochlear nerves. The posterior-medial portion of the lesion was solid, whereas the main portion was cystic, containing xanthochromic fluid. The small solid lesion continued with a thin capsule of a large cyst adherent to brainstem, cerebellar hemisphere, and trigeminal nerve entry zone. A big draining vein arising from the solid part of the lesion runned parallel to brainstem. The mass was piecemeal totally removed.
After surgery the patient recovered both left trigeminal neuralgia and hypoesthesia; ataxia was significantly relieved too. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the total removal. Histopathological features were consistent with a CM. At 6-month follow-up, patient's symptoms at the presentation had resolved.

Conclusion:
The authors present a very rare patient of large cystic cavernous malformation at the level of the trigeminal root entry zone presenting with sudden onset of trigeminal neuralgia. Even if it has not established imaging features, a cystic cavernoma of the cerebello-pontine angle may be suspected when a cystic mass is present, not involving the internal acoustic meatus nor the skull base dura mater. Careful microneurosurgical technique and monitoring of cranial nerves allow good long-term results.
Evaluation of Fibrin Clot Attachment on Titanium Laser-Conditioned Surface Using Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Sinjari Bruna , Traini Tonino , Caputi Sergio , Mortellaro Carmen , Scarano Antonio 
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of different titanium surface treatments on blood clot extension (bce).

Methods:
A total of 54 titanium disks with machined surface (M), laser-conditioned surface (L), and grit-blasted surface (S) were used in the present study. The surface characteristics such as contact angles and the microroughness were determined on each group (n = 4). To evaluate the bce, 0.1 mL of human blood was dropped onto the surface of each specimen and left for 7 minutes at room temperature. After fixation, dehydration, and gold sputtering treatments, the specimens were observed under scanning electron microscope. The bce values were expressed as percentage of specimen surface covered by blood clot.

Results:
The surface roughness (Ra ± standard deviation [SD]) was 0.75 ± 0.02 μm for M, 0.25 ± 0.02 μm for L, and 1.30 ± 0.03 μm for S. The contact angles measured in static conditions (WCA ± SD) were 71 ± 5.4° for M, 107 ± 6.6° for L, and 91 ± 7.2° for S. Regarding the bce (bce ± SD) of M samples (65.5 ± 4.3%) was statistically lower compared with both L (83.4 ± 5.1%) and S samples (72.4 ± 4.7%) (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the L group showed the higher bce value.

Conclusion:
The present results suggest that the laser-conditioned surface may increase the wettability and bce.
Subunit Reconstruction of Mid-Facial Defects With Free Style Facial Perforator Flaps
Authors: Dölen Utku Can , Baltu Yahya , Aydin Orhan 
Published: March 2018

Introduction:
Reconstruction of facial defects is not only important for cosmesis but also for the function. Local flaps are considered the best reconstruction method for facial defects. The authors want to show the feasibility of free style facial perforator flap for the reconstruction of moderate sized mid-facial defects.

Methods:
Free style facial artery and lateral nasal artery perforator flaps were performed in 22 patients (11 males and 11 females) who had removal of facial tumor between March 2015 and December 2016

Results:
The median age of patients was 62 years (range: 35–84). The mean follow-up period was 12.6 months (range: 5–24). Pathology results were basal cell carcinoma in 13 patients, squamous cell carcinoma in 6 patients, and other skin tumors in 3 patients. The defect size ranged from 2 × 2 to 5 × 5 cm. No major or minor complication happened but 1 flap had venous congestion that healed without any intervention

Conclusion:
Free style facial perforator flaps are highly reliable flaps with wide range of motion. In addition, they provide single-stage closure with esthetic subunit reconstruction. With the current knowledge of reconstruction and skills of microsurgery, they can be easily the first choice for the closure of mid-facial defects.
Transcriptome Landscape of Human Oocytes and Granulosa Cells Throughout Folliculogenesis
Authors: Zhang Yaoyao , Yan Zhiqiang , Qin Qingyuan , Nisenblat Vicki , Yu Yang , Wang Tianren , Lu Cuiling , Yang Ming , Yang Shuo , Yao Ying , Zhu Xiaohui , Xia Xi , Dang Yujiao , Ren Yixin , Yuan Peng , Li Rong , Liu Ping , Guo Hongyan , Han Jinsong , He Haojie , Wu Yu , Li Meng , Zhang Kun , Wang Yiting , Qiao Jie , Yan Jie , Yan Liying 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARYFolliculogenesis is a highly regulated process that involves bidirectional interactions of the oocytes and surrounding granulosa cells (GCs). Little is unknown, however, about the transcriptomic profiles of human oocytes and GCs throughout folliculogenesis. Here we performed a high resolution RNA-Seq of human oocytes and GCs at each follicular stage, which revealed unique transcriptional profiles, stage-specific signature genes, oocyte- and GC-derived genes that reflect ovarian reserve. We identified reciprocal cell-to-cell interactions between oocytes and GCs, including NOTCH, TGF-β signaling and gap junctions and determined the expression patterns of maternal-effect genes involved in folliculogenesis and early embryogenesis. Finally, we demonstrated robust differences between human and mice oocyte transcriptomes. This is the first comprehensive overview of the transcriptomic signatures governing the stepwise human folliculogenesis in-vivo that provides a valuable resource for basic and translational research in human reproductive biology.
A novel time-stamp mechanism transforms egocentric encounters into an allocentric spatial representation
Authors: Wallach Avner , Harvey-Girard Erik , Jun James Jaeyoon , Longtin André , Maler Leonard 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLearning the spatial organization of the environment is essential for most animals’ survival. This often requires the animal to derive allocentric information about the environment from egocentric sensory and motor experience. The neural circuits and mechanisms underlying this transformation are currently unknown. We addressed this problem in electric fish, which can precisely navigate in complete darkness and whose requisite brain circuitry is relatively simple. We conducted the first neural recordings in the preglomerular complex, the thalamic region exclusively connecting the optic tectum with the spatial learning circuits in the dorsolateral pallium. While tectal egocentric information was eliminated in preglomerular neurons, the time-intervals between object encounters were precisely encoded. We show that this highly-reliable temporal information, combined with a speed signal, can permit accurate path-integration that then enables computing allocentric spatial relations. Our results suggest that similar mechanisms are involved in spatial learning via sequential encounters in all vertebrates.
More is less: increased processing of unwanted memories facilitates forgetting
Authors: Wang Tracy H. , Placek Katerina , Lewis-Peacock Jarrod A. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe intention to forget can produce long-lasting effects. This ability has been linked to suppression of both rehearsal and retrieval of unwanted memories – processes that are mediated by prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Here, we describe an alternative account of deliberate forgetting in which the intention to forget is associated with increased engagement with the unwanted information. We used pattern classifiers to decode functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from a task in which participants viewed a series of pictures and were instructed to remember or forget each one. Pictures followed by a forget instruction elicited higher levels of processing in ventral temporal cortex compared to those followed by a remember instruction. This boost in processing led to more forgetting, particularly for items that showed moderate (vs. weak or strong) activation. This result is consistent with the non-monotonic plasticity hypothesis, which predicts weakening and forgetting of memories that are moderately activated.
Methylthioadenosine reduces host inflammatory response by suppressingSalmonellavirulence
Authors: Bourgeois Jeffrey S. , Zhou Daoguo , Thurston Teresa L. M. , Gilchrist James J. , Koa Dennis C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn order to deploy virulence factors at appropriate times and locations, microbes must rapidly sense and respond to various metabolite signals. Previously we showed transient elevation of the methionine-derived metabolite methylthioadenosine (MTA) in serum during systemicSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium (S.Typhimurium) infection. Here we explored the functional consequences of increased MTA concentrations onS.Typhimurium virulence. We found that MTA—but not other related metabolites involved in polyamine synthesis and methionine salvage—reduced motility, host cell pyroptosis, and cellular invasion. Further, we developed a genetic model of increased bacterial endogenous MTA production by knocking out the master repressor of the methionine regulon,metJ. Like MTA treatedS.Typhimurium, the ΔmetJmutant displayed reduced motility, host cell pyroptosis, and invasion. These phenotypic effects of MTA correlated with suppression of flagellar andSalmonellapathogenicity island-1 (SPI-1) networks. ΔmetJ S.Typhimurium had reduced virulence in oral infection of C57BL/6 mice. Finally, ΔmetJbacteria induced a less severe inflammatory cytokine response in a mouse sepsis model. These data provide a possible bacterial mechanism for our previous findings that pretreating mice with MTA dampens inflammation and prolongs survival. Together, these data indicate that exposure ofS.Typhimurium to MTA or disruption of the bacterial methionine metabolism pathway is sufficient to suppress SPI-1 mediated processes, motility, andin vivovirulence.SignificanceSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a leading cause of gastroenteritis and bacteremia worldwide. Widespread multi-drug resistance, inadequate diagnostics, and the absence of a vaccine for use in humans, all contribute to the global burden of morbidity and mortality associated withS.Typhimurium infection. Here we find that increasing the concentration of the methionine derived metabolite methylthioadenosine, either inS.Typhimurium or in its environment, is sufficient to suppress virulence processes. These findings could be leveraged to inform future therapeutic interventions againstS.Typhimurium aimed at manipulating either host or pathogen methylthioadenosine production.
Enrichment of gene variants associated with treatable genetic disorders in psychiatric populations
Authors: Sriretnakumar Venuja , Harripaul Ricardo , Vincent John B. , Kennedy James L. , So Joyce 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTPurposeMany genetic conditions can mimic mental health disorders, with psychiatric symptoms that are difficult to treat with standard psychotropic medications. This study tests the hypothesis that psychiatric populations are enriched for pathogenic variants associated with selected treatable genetic disorders.MethodsUsing next-generation sequencing, 2046 psychiatric patients were screened for variants in genes associated with four inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs), Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC), Wilson disease (WD), homocystinuria (HOM), and acute intermittent porphyria (AIP).ResultsAmong the 2046 cases, carrier rates of 0·83%, 0·98%, 0·20%, and 0·24% for NPC, WD, HOM, and AIP were seen respectively. An enrichment of known and likely pathogenic variants in the genes associated with NPC and AIP was found in the psychiatric cohort, and especially in schizophrenia patients.ConclusionThe results of this study support that rare genetic disease variants, such as those associated with IEMs, may contribute to the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. IEMs should be considered as possible causative factors for psychiatric presentations, especially in psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, and in the context of poor treatment response.
Inhibition of norepinephrine signaling during a sensitive period disrupts locus coeruleus circuitry and emotional behaviors in adulthood
Authors: Meng Qingyuan , Garcia-Garcia Alvaro L. , Dranovsky Alex , Leonardo E. David 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDeficits in arousal and stress responsiveness span numerous psychiatric developmental disorders including depression and anxiety. Arousal is supported by norepinephrine (NE) released from locus coeruleus (LC) neurons onto cortical and limbic areas. During development, the NE system matures in concert with increased exploration of the animal’s environment. While several psychiatric medications target the LC-NE system, the possibility that its modulation during discreet developmental periods can have long-lasting consequences for mental health has not been explored. We used a pharmacogenetic strategy in mice to reversibly inhibit NE signaling during brief developmental periods to determine the long-lasting impact on adult circuits mediating emotional behavior. We also examine whether disruption of NE signaling during development results in permanent changes within the adult LC-NE system. Finally, we test whether developmental exposure to the α-2 receptor agonist guanfacine recapitulates the effect seen with our pharmacogenetic strategy. Our results reveal a sensitive period (postnatal days 10-21) during which alterations in NE signaling result in long-term changes in adult emotional behavior. Changes in NE signaling during this sensitive period results in changes in stress-related LC neuron activity, alterations in α-2 autoreceptor function, and circuit-specific molecular changes in LC-NE target regions in adulthood. Treating animals with guanfacine during the sensitive period produced similar results. Our findings indicate an early critical role for NE in sculpting brain circuits that support adult emotional function.