bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Collaborative Potential of Research Infrastructures in Addressing Global Scientific Questions
Authors: Arvanitidis Christos , Warwick Richard , Somerfield Paul , Pavloudi Christina , Pafilis Evangelos , Oulas Anastasis , Chatzigeorgiou Giorgos , Gerovasileiou Vasilis , Patkos Theodore , Bailly Nicolas , Hernandez Francisco , Vanhoorne Bart , Vandepitte Leen , Appeltans Ward , Keklikoglou Kleoniki , Chatzinikolaou Eva , Michalakis Nikitas , Filiopoulou Irene , Panteri Emmanouela , Gougousis Alexandros , Bravakos Panos , Christakis Christos , Kassapidis Panagiotis , Kotoulas Georgios , Magoulas Antonios 
Published: June 2019

Research Infrastructures (RIs) are facilities, resources and services used by scientists to perform research and support innovation. A number of EU research infrastructures [e.g. e-Science and Technology European Infrastructure for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research (LifeWatch) European Research Iinfrastructures Consortium (ERIC); The European life-sciences Infrastructure for biological Information (ELIXIR); the European Marine Biological Resource Centre (EMBRC ERIC); the European Research Infrastructure for Imaging Technologies in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (uroBioImaging ERIC)] have been building Virtual Research Environments (VREs), which include many virtual laboratories (vLabs) offering, one stop data access to scientists, high computational capacity and collaborative research platforms in support of the requirements of the digital science. This presentation gives examples on the use of the vLabs developed by LifeWatch ERIC which have subsequently been taken up as web services by other RIs.
The RvLab operates on a high-performance computer cluster, and has been used in order to analyse various properties of taxon equality, with a focus on marine species. This taxonomic information on marine biota is organized and made publicly available through the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) that delivers more than 250,000 described valid species names. Although scientists consider an equal status (in terms of contribution to overall diversity) to each taxon used in taxonomy, biogeography, ecology and biodiversity, the question “are all taxa equal?” has never been tested at a global scale. We present evidence that this question can be addressed by applying relatedness indices (Taxonomic Distinctness) over the entire WoRMS metazoan tree.
The virtual micro-CT laboratory (Micro-CT vLab), which can be used by the members of the scientific community interested in the digitisation methods and biological collections, makes the micro-CT data exploration of natural history specimens freely available over the internet. Micro-CT vLab makes it possible the online exploration and dissemination of micro-CT datasets, which are only rarely made available to the public due to their very large size and a lack of dedicated online platforms supporting the interactive manipulation of 3D data. Examples of how these vLabs can be used by other RIs are provided.
iNaturalist is an Unexploited Source of Plant-Insect Interaction Data
Authors: Gazdic Milan , Groom Quentin 
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study was to assess whether it is possible to extract useful interaction data between flowers and visiting insects using photographs from citizen science. Ultimately the longer-term aim is to understand possible impacts of invasive species on pollination networks.
We used data from iNaturalist (https://www.inaturalist.org), GBIF (https://www.gbif.org), and GLOBI (https://www.globalbioticinteractions.org). From iNaturalist, we used photographs to extract flower visitation interactions. GBIF data were used for plant and pollinator occurrences, and GLOBI was used for information about known interactions between plants and pollinators. For this study we selected four plant species: Oxalis pes-caprae (Bermuda buttercup), Cirsium vulgare (spear thistle) Amorpha fruticosa (false indigo) and Lantana camara (common lantana). These species are relatively common, frequently photographed and known to be attractive to insects. All of these species are also considered invasive in different parts of world.
We found that over 60% of all photographs identified as a picture of a bee (Apoidea) also showed a flower that the insect was visiting. Thirty-nine percent of butterflies (Papilionoidea) were photographed on a flower and 38% of Syrphidae. Currently, there are about 170,000 pictures of bees; 700,000 butterflies and 50,000 Syrphidae on iNaturalist from all over the world. This means there is a vast untapped resource of insect-plant interaction data on iNaturalist just waiting for exploitation.
iNaturalist provides a standardized and cost-efficient enhancement to specimen collection, and it can be easily adapted for specific research goals. However, the relatively high rate of photographs without both species identifications (plant and visitor) highlights the importance of investing in resources to promote this approach and the importance of determining the identity of all species in a photograph.
Linked Data Tools for Managing Taxonomic Databases
Authors: Liljeblad Johan , Lahti Tapani , Djos Matts 
Published: June 2019

Taxonomic information is dynamic, i.e. changes are made continuously, so scientific names are insufficient to track changes in taxon circumscription. The principles of Linked Open Data (LOD), as defined by the World Wide Web Consortium, can be applied for documenting the relationships of taxon circumscriptions over time and between checklists of taxa.
In our scheme, each checklist and each taxon in the checklist is assigned a globally unique, persistent identifier. According to the LOD principles, HTTP Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) are used as identifiers, providing both human-readable (HTML) and machine-readable (XML) responses for client requests.
Common vocabularies are needed in machine-readable responses to HTTP URIs. We use SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System) as a basic vocabulary for describing checklists as instances of class skos:ConceptScheme, and taxa as instances of class skos:Concept. Set relationships between taxon circumscriptions are described using the properties skos:broader and skos:narrower. Darwin Core vocabulary is used for describing taxon properties, such as scientific names, taxonomic ranks and authorship string, in the checklists.
Instead of directly linking taxon circumscriptions between checklists, we define a HTTP URI for each unique circumscription. This common identifier is then mapped to internal checklist identifiers matching the circumscription using the property skos:exactMatch. For the management of the URIs, the domain name TAXONID.ORG has been registered.
In a pilot study, our approach has been applied to linking taxon circumscriptions of selected taxa between the national checklists of Sweden and Finland. In the future, national checklists from other Nordic/Baltic countries (Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Estonia) can be easily linked together as well. The work is part of the NeIC DeepDive project (neic.no).
Correction Activities by France’s Supreme Courts and Control over their Dockets
Authors: Bentata Pierre , Espinosa Romain , Hiriart Yolande 
Published: June 2019

L’objectif de cet article est d’observer la façon dont les Cours Suprêmes utilisent leur pouvoir de choisir les cas qui leur sont soumis pour corriger les décisions des cours d’appel selon leur propre interoprétation du droit. En France, deux Cours Suprêmes existent, le Conseil d’État pour les affaires administratives et la Cour de Cassation pour les affaires civiles. ces deux cours ont fait l’objet, à des dates différentes, d’une réforme qui modifia leur pouvoir discrétionnaire de choix des cas à revoir. En conséquence, si les Cours prennent des décisions différentes pour des cas similaires, cela peut s’expliquer par des attitudes correctrices différentes ou par des stratégies de sélection des cas différentes ou encore par une combinaison des deux. Il est donc nécessaire de dinstinguer l’impact de ces différentes stratégies pour comprendre les comportements des Cours et être en mesure de les comparer. Pour ce faire, nous menons une étude économétrique visant à comparer les attitudes correctrices des deux Cours et à déterminer si ces attitudes sont influencées par la possibilité de sélectionner les cas à revoir. A partir d’une base de données originale comprenant l’ensemble des cas environnementaux jugés par les deux Cours entre 1956 et 2010, nous menons une analyse contrefactuelle pour comparer les décisions des deux Cours avant et après les réformes les autorisant à sélectionner les cas à revoir. Nous observons que les deux Cours ont une attitude correctrice similaire tant qu’elles sont soumises à la même règle de sélection des cas. Par ailleurs, nous observons que les Cours utilisent leur pouvoir de sélection des cas pour favoriser les plaignants de telle sorte que leur comportement modifie la probabilité de victoire des plaignants et défendeurs depuis le procès en première instance jusqu’à l’appel devant la Cour Suprême. Classification JEL : K32, K41
Determining the Use of Physical Assessment Skills in the Clinical Setting
Authors: Colwell Carolyn B , Smith Joyce 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
This study examined the clinical application of physical assessment skills by baccalaureate nurses. Fifty-nine pediatric staff nurses practicing in two different hospitals in Southern California completed a questionnaire which surveyed how frequently assessment skills were utilized and what deterrents, if any, inhibit their use. Approximately one-third of the 36 skills listed were utilized daily by at least 74% of the participants, and respondents selected a variety of deterrents to the utilization of other skills. There was no significant difference in the utilization of skills between nurses who had taken a separate course in physical assessment and those from an integrated curriculum.
The Effect of the Multi-Objective Dynamic Metric on the QoS and the Energy in Networks Manets
Authors: Lakki N. , Oubaha Jawad , Ouacha A. , Habbani A. , El Abbadi J. 
Published: June 2019

<p>The first aim of this article is to find a Intelligent parameter which is based on mobility and Clustering. This metric will be integrate in the selection process of MPRs to improve QoS in Manets networks. The unpredictable mobility and the large quantity of generated traffic by each node interface make communication in network increasingly difficult to manage. Thus, routing protocols need to be adapted to such conditions. In order to make OLSR protocol more robust, piercing and more adaptable to the conditions dictated by the environment of each node, this work proposes a polymorphic metric that changes depending on the network behavior. This metric aims to make the OLSR protocol best suited to each zone. The second objective of this article is to know the behavior of the new OLSR protocol version (SPEED OLSR) in environments with high mobility (pause time = 0).</p><p>To know the effectivity of the speed of the parameters have several criteria. Many simulations would be undergone by NS2 to test and prove the validity of this new metric in environments with high mobility and quantity of traffic</p>
Species at risk: a guide for Canadian entomologists
Authors: Timms Laura L. , Rix Rachel R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe collection and preservation of insect specimens supply valuable information to entomologists. Collections are foundational to natural history, and paramount to the study of life history, systematics, and evolution. Rising concern over anthropogenic loss of biodiversity, including insect losses, has led to policies, strategies, and procedures being put in place in Canada to ensure the protection of wildlife species at risk. This document outlines necessary information to help researchers ensure that they are in compliance with Canadian legislation when carrying out research involving the collection of insects. We include an overview of the federal Species at Risk Act, and provincial and territorial legislation protecting at-risk wildlife, and how wildlife species in Canada ranked and are assessed as being at risk. We also discuss prohibitions outlined in the federal Species at Risk Act and penalties for violating these prohibitions; providing examples from case histories on convictions under the act.
Peter–Weyl Iwahori Algebras
Authors: Barbasch Dan , Moy Allen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Peter–Weyl idempotent $e_{\mathscr{P}}$ of a parahoric subgroup $\mathscr{P}$ is the sum of the idempotents of irreducible representations of $\mathscr{P}$ that have a nonzero Iwahori fixed vector. The convolution algebra associated with $e_{\mathscr{P}}$ is called a Peter–Weyl Iwahori algebra. We show that any Peter–Weyl Iwahori algebra is Morita equivalent to the Iwahori–Hecke algebra. Both the Iwahori–Hecke algebra and a Peter–Weyl Iwahori algebra have a natural conjugate linear anti-involution $\star$, and the Morita equivalence preserves irreducible hermitian and unitary modules. Both algebras have another anti-involution, denoted by $\bullet$, and the Morita equivalence preserves irreducible and unitary modules for $\bullet$.
Structural correlations in $Cs_2CuCl_4$: Pressure dependence of electronic structures
Authors: Jara Enrique , Barreda-Argüeso Jose Antonio , González Jesus Antonio , Valiente Rafael , Rodriguez Fernando 
Published: June 2019

We have investigated the crystal structure of $Cs_2CuCl_4$ in the 0-20 GPa range as a function of pressure and how pressure affects its electronic properties by means of optical absorption spectroscopy. In particular, we focused on the electronic properties in the low-pressure Pnma phase, which are mainly related to the tetrahedral $CuCl_4^{2-}$ units distorted by the Jahn-Teller effect. This study provides a complete characterization of the electronic structure of $Cs_2CuCl_4$ in the Pmna phase as a function of the cell volume and the $Cu-Cl$ bond length, $R_{Cu-Cl}$. Interestingly, the opposite shift of the charge-transfer band-gap and the $Cu^{2+}$ d-d crystal-field band shift with pressure are responsible for the strong piezochromism of $Cs_2CuCl_4$. We have also explored the high-pressure structure of $Cs_2CuCl_4$ above 4.9 GPa yielding structural transformations that are probably associated with a change of coordination around $Cu^{2+}$. Since the high-pressure phase appears largely amorphized, any structural information from X-ray diffraction is ruled out. We use electronic probes to get structural information of the high-pressure phase.
Edited by: A. Goñi, A. Cantarero, J. S. Reparaz
Relationship analysis of PM2.5 and boundary layer height using an aerosol and turbulence detection lidar
Authors: Wang Chong , Jia Mingjiao , Xia Haiyun , Wu Yunbin , Wei Tianwen , Shang Xiang , Yang Chengyun , Xue Xianghui , Dou Xiankang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The atmospheric boundary layer height (BLH) is a key
parameter in weather forecasting and air quality prediction. To investigate the
relationship between BLH and air pollution under different conditions, a
compact micro-pulse lidar integrating both direct-detection lidar (DDL) and
coherent Doppler wind lidar (CDWL) has been built. This hybrid lidar is operated
at 1.5 µm, which is eye-safe and made of all-fibre components. The
BLH can be determined from aerosol density and vertical wind independently.
During a 45 h continuous observation in June 2018, the stable boundary layer,
residual layer and convective boundary layer are identified. The fine structure
of the aerosol layers, drizzles and vertical wind near the cloud base are also
detected. In comparison, the standard deviation between BLH values derived
from DDL and CDWL is 0.06 km, indicating the accuracy of this work. The
retrieved convective BLH is a little higher than that from ERA5 reanalysis
due to different retrieval methods. Correlation between different BLH and
PM2.5 is strongly negative before a precipitation event and becomes
much weaker after the precipitation. Different relationships between PM2.5
and BLH may result from different BLH retrieval methods, pollutant sources
and meteorological conditions.
A dataset of 30 m annual vegetation phenology indicators (1985–2015) in urban areas of the conterminous United States
Authors: Li Xuecao , Zhou Yuyu , Meng Lin , Asrar Ghassem R. , Lu Chaoqun , Wu Qiusheng 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Medium-resolution satellite observations show great
potential for characterizing seasonal and annual dynamics of vegetation
phenology in urban domains from local to regional and global scales.
However, most previous studies were conducted using coarse-resolution data,
which are inadequate for characterizing the spatiotemporal dynamics of
vegetation phenology in urban domains. In this study, we produced an annual
vegetation phenology dataset in urban ecosystems for the conterminous United
States (US), using all available Landsat images on the Google Earth Engine
(GEE) platform. First, we characterized the long-term mean seasonal pattern
of phenology indicators of the start of season (SOS) and the end of season
(EOS), using a double logistic model. Then, we identified the annual
variability of these two phenology indicators by measuring the difference of
dates when the vegetation index in a specific year reaches the same
magnitude as its long-term mean. The derived phenology indicators agree well
with in situ observations from the PhenoCam network and Harvard Forest. Comparing with
results derived from the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer
(MODIS) data, our Landsat-derived phenology indicators can provide more
spatial details. Also, we found the temporal trends of phenology indicators
(e.g., SOS) derived from Landsat and MODIS are consistent overall, but the
Landsat-derived results from 1985 offer a longer temporal span compared to
MODIS from 2001 to present. In general, there is a spatially explicit
pattern of phenology indicators from the north to the south in cities in the
conterminous US, with an overall advanced SOS in the past 3 decades. The
derived phenology product in the US urban domains at the national level is
of great use for urban ecology studies for its medium spatial resolution (30 m) and long temporal span (30 years). The data are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7685645.v5.
Assessing the Damage: Money Awards by the OHRT in Sexual Harassment Cases
Authors: Lay Honor M. 
Published: June 2019

Individuals who experience sexual harassment in employment, housing, education, or other social services in Ontario may be entitled to a general damages remedy under section 45.2 of the Ontario Human Rights Code. The Ontario Human Rights Tribunal conducts an objective analysis of the severity of the harasser’s conduct and a subjective analysis of the impact of the incident on the applicant. Generally, the more severe the conduct or impact on the applicant, the higher the award for general damages. Due to an expectation that individuals will appear traumatized after enduring sexual harassment, an applicant’s failure to produce evidence of distress or traumatization will often adversely affect his or her entitlement to higher damage awards. This paper argues that the requirement to produce medical proof is an unwarranted invasion of the individual’s right to medical privacy, unjustly imposes an additional evidentiary burden upon the applicant, and perpetuates the myth surrounding sexual assault that trauma is visible and uniform.
Aproximación al modelo de desarrollo nasserista. Posibilidades y límites de la experiencia de modernización económica
Authors: Méndez Salua Youssef 
Published: June 2019

La experiencia nasserista durante el período 1952-1970 permitió formas alternativas de desarrollo económico a las que existían hasta ese momento en la región, constituyendo, además, la génesis del panarabismo entendido como la expresión de un deseo de desarrollo independiente y nacional que rompiera con la dominación occidental e imperialista a la que estaban sujetos la mayoría de los países árabes durante estos años.
A lo largo de esta investigación abordamos el análisis de la experiencia nasserista en términos de posibilidades y límites, así como sus especificidades a nivel económico. A partir del marco teórico del paradigma de la modernización y mediante el examen de las principales estrategias implementadas, defendemos la existencia de una forma egipcia de intentar superar el subdesarrollo. Lejos de ser un modelo de desarrollo perfecto, su impacto en la economía fue positivo pero limitado: permitió un proceso de modernización económica, pero no logró un cambio estructural de la economía.
The increasing trend in the body mass index of Qatari adolescents 2003–2009
Authors: Fosse Kari Beinnes , Rootwelt Christine , Tuffaha Amjad , Said Hana , Sandridge Amy L. , Janahi Ibrahim , Hedin Lars , Elkum Naser , Greer William 
Published: June 2019

Background: Although obesity is an increasing public health problem throughout the Arabian Peninsula, only a few comprehensive population-based studies have been published in Qatar. In particular, there is a dearth of published information on the increasing body mass index (BMI) of the most vulnerable Qatari sub-population – adolescents. This paper partially addresses this omission by documenting the BMI status of Qatari youth in 2008/2009; it also highlights the changes in BMI that occurred during the first decade of this century, when local risk factors were significantly increasing. Methods: Using a simple random sampling approach, adolescents were selected from a pool of Qatari children attending government schools in Qatar. This resulted in a comprehensive dataset of height and BMI for 705 boys and girls aged 12–17 years. Results: The overall prevalence of Qatari adolescents who were overweight/obese in 2008–2009 was 19.9%/26.7% (boys) and 23.2%/17.2% (girls). This represents a change in the prevalence of overweight/obesity of − 8.7%/+18.8 (boys) and +4.3%/+12.1% (girls) during the time between these studies. Conclusions: BMI increased substantially during the last decade, leading to a corresponding increase in the prevalence of adolescent obesity. These results demonstrate that regular monitoring of the BMI status of the Qatari adolescent population provides valuable predictors for adults.