bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CeO2‐Accelerated Surface Reconstruction of CoSe2 Nanoneedle Forms Active CeO2@CoOOH Interface to Boost Oxygen Evolution Reaction for Water Splitting
Authors: Guo Quanxin , Li Yu , Xu Zhengrong , Liu Rui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInterface engineering is an efficient strategy to create high‐performance electrocatalysts for water splitting. In the present work, CeO2@CoSe2 nanoneedle on carbon cloth (CeO2@CoSe2/CC) demonstrates high efficiency for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and water splitting. CeO2 with abundant O vacancies facilitates the adsorption of OH− and boosts the reconstruction of CoSe2 into CoOOH at lower potentials. The in situ generated active CeO2@CoOOH heterointerface upshifts the d‐band center of Co site, thereby decreasing the free energy of rate‐determining step (RDS) (*O to *OOH) during the OER process. It delivers a low OER overpotential of 245 mV at 10 mA cm−2. CeO2@CoSe2/CC is also found to be active for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER, 138 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm−2), profiting from CeO2‐facilitated *H2O dissociation and *H adsorption on CoSe2. The overall water splitting is achieved over the CeO2@CoSe2/CC bifunctional electrode with a low electrolysis voltage of 1.54 V at 10 mA cm−2. This work offers valuable insights into CeO2‐assisted surface reconstruction as well as provides water electrolysis catalysts through interface engineering.
Importance of habit and environmental characteristics in shaping patterns of richness and range size of ferns and lycophytes in the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Bohn Amabily , Capellesso Elivane S. , Labiak Paulo H. , Lira‐Noriega Andrés , Zwiener Victor , Marques Marcia C. M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPremiseFerns and lycophytes, the two spore‐bearing lineages of vascular plants, share a unique life cycle, and because of several morpho‐ecophysiological similarities, are usually investigated as a unit, but they may have distinct ecological and environmental responses. Understanding the diversity and distribution patterns of ferns and lycophytes separately is essential for designing effective conservation strategies.MethodsWe assessed species richness and range sizes using range–diversity analyses and investigated environmental (climatic, edaphic) and ecological (endemism, habit diversity, specialization) predictors of these range and richness metrics using generalized linear models.ResultsThe central region of the Atlantic Forest primarily contained areas with fern and lycophyte species with high richness and small ranges; the northern and southern extremes of the forest had species with low richness and larger ranges. Fern richness was associated with a combination of environmental and ecological variables; lycophyte richness was associated only with ecological variables. Range sizes were positively related to habit diversity for both ferns and lycophytes, but the effect of environmental variables differed between the two lineages. Critical areas were primarily not within protected areas.ConclusionsFern range sizes and richness were influenced by a combination of ecological and environmental factors such as temperature, precipitation, and soil variables; only ecological variables influenced lycophyte richness and range sizes. The effects of these factors must be considered separately for the two lineages due to their different responses to stressors. Conservation efforts should increase in the species‐rich–low‐range areas that are outside protected areas to protect these low‐range species.
Synthesis of Alkylated Carbonyl‐Bearing Furans via Acid‐Catalyzed Friedel‐Crafts Reaction
Authors: Tkachenko Ilya M. , Ivanova Natalia A. , Khrapovitskaya Kristina S. , Klimochkin Yuri N. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCarbonyl‐bearing furans, certain pyrroles, and thiophenes were alkylated using alcohols in an acidic medium. Some 5‐alkylated derivatives of 2‐furoic acid with various adamantyls‐, cycloalkyl‐, other 2°‐ and 3°‐alkyl substituents were synthesized using 2‐furoic acid as a biomass‐derived chemical platform. Side reaction resulted in the substitution of the carboxylic group, leading to the formation of 1,5‐dialkyl furans. In the alkylation of acyl and formyl furan, either mono‐ or di‐alkyl products were obtained, depending on the functional group present in the furan nucleus. Pyrroles (or thiophenes) with related functional groups exclusively (or near‐exclusively) yielded mono‐alkyl products. The resultant 5‐substituted carbonyl furans can be used as building blocks and synthetic equivalents for 1 C and 4 C synthons, as demonstrated by a series of reactions involving 5‐adamantan‐1‐yl‐2‐furoic acid.
Use of an eligibility checklist on arrival of emergency room as a registry system for corneal donation—A 9‐year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wakatake Haruaki , Hayashi Koichi , Kurisu Miyuki , Yoshida Minoru , Tsutsumi Ken , Saito Hiroki , Nomura Yu , Yoshida Toru , Kitano Yuka , Masui Yoshihiro , Fujitani Shigeki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate whether the use of an eligibility checklist uncovered potential corneal donors among deceased outpatients and increased the donation.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we applied the eligibility checklist to nearly all outpatients (age ≥ 18 y/o) who were transferred to our emergency department and identified as deceased between 2012 and 2020. Whether the use of the checklist contributed to the increase in corneal donation was examined, and the reasons for refusal of the donation were also evaluated. Furthermore, yearly changes in the number of the donation were assessed, with the data obtained before initiation of the checklist in 2010–2011 as references. The primary outcome was the number of corneal donors, with yearly changes in donation numbers assessed using data from 2010 to 2011 as a reference before the checklist was introduced.ResultsAmong 1776 outpatients to whom the eligibility checklist was applied, 1169 patients were regarded as potential donors. Of them, 126 families gave consent and 80 patients finally donated cornea; medical diseases as a cause of death were less likely to retract donation offer (OR = 0.31 [95% CI: 0.09–0.99]). The number of corneal donors in 2010–2011 corresponded to 1.6% of the deceased outpatients but increased since the checklist was introduced the total number of donors reached 87 (4.3%) during 2012–2020.ConclusionA routine use of the eligibility checklist at the initial interview will reinforce the awareness of corneal donation among the families of patients and contribute to the increased number of corneal donors.
Tandem‐Controlled Dynamic DNA Assembly Enables Temporally‐Selective Orthogonal Regulation of cGAS–STING Stimulation
Authors: Li Xiangfei , Yu Fangzhi , Li Lele 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite advances in the controlled reconfiguration of DNA structures for biological applications, the dearth of strategies that allow for orthogonal regulation of immune pathways remains a challenge. Here, we report for the first time an endogenous and exogenous tandem‐regulated DNA assembly strategy that enables orthogonally controlled stimulation of the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. A DNA motif containing two palindromic sequences is engineered with an abasic site (AP)‐connected blocking sequence to inhibit its self‐assembly function, while apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1)‐triggered enzymatic cleavage of the AP site enables the reconfiguration and self‐assembly of DNA motif into long double‐stranded structures, thus realizing allosteric activation of the catalytic activity of cGAS to produce 2’3’‐cyclic‐GMP‐AMP for STING stimulation. Importantly, we demonstrate that APE1‐regulated DNA assembly allows for cell‐selective activation of cGAS–STING signaling. Furthermore, by re‐engineering the DNA motif with a photocleavable group, enzyme‐triggered DNA assembly allows the cGAS–STING stimulation to operate (switched “ON”), whereas light‐mediated fragmentation of the double‐stranded DNA enables termination of such stimulation (switched “OFF”), thereby achieving orthogonal control over immune regulation. This work highlights an endogenous and exogenous tandem regulated strategy to modulate the cGAS–STING pathway in an orthogonally controlled manner.
Asymmetric Construction of Chiral 2‐Azetines and Axially Chiral Tetrasubstituted Allenes Via Phosphine Catalysis
Authors: Tang Yi , Huang Mingxia , Jin Jingrong , Sun Shitao , Wang Lan , Tan Yu , Sun Xiaojing , Guo Hongchao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChiral 2‐azetines and allenes are highly valuable structural units in natural products and useful chemicals. However, enantioselective synthesis of both 2‐azetines and allenes has been extremely challenging. Herein, we present asymmetric construction of chiral 2‐azetines (70–98 % yields and up to 96 % ee) through chiral phosphine‐catalyzed [2+2] annulation of yne‐enones with sulfamate‐derived cyclic imines. These 2‐azetines were easily transformed into chiral allenes upon treatment with Et3SiH, BF3 ⋅ Et2O and water at rt for 2 minutes. Based on the above transformations, a concise one‐pot synthetic procedure combining [2+2] annulation of yne‐enones and sulfamate‐derived cyclic imines under phosphine catalysis and sequential reduction/isomerization/ring‐opening reaction through Et3SiH, BF3 ⋅ Et2O and water was thus set up, providing axially chiral tetrasubstituted allenes in satisfactory yields and enantioselectivities (56–90 % yields and up to 91 % ee).
Investigation of Charge Transfer Mechanism and Dielectric Relaxation in CsCdCl3 Perovskite
Authors: Chakchouk Narimen , Almalawi Dhaifallah R. , Smaili Idris H. , Aljuaid Fahad , Rhaiem Abdallah Ben 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe exceptional optoelectronic capabilities of all‐inorganic metal halide perovskite semiconductor components open up a multitude of possible applications. Among all the metal halides, the chloride of cesium cadmium has not been investigated in great detail. Here, we describe a straightforward method for creating CsCdCl3 perovskite single crystals using the slow evaporation solution growth approach. These were investigated by utilizing X‐ray powder diffraction, and optical and impedance spectroscopies. The creation of a single‐phase with a hexagonal‐type structure was verified by the X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) data. The compound's semiconductor characteristics were verified by the optical measurement, indicating a direct band‐gap value of about 3.16 eV. The absorption and reflectance spectrum was also used to calculate and explain the optical extinction coefficient, Urbach energy, and skin depth as functions of the input photon's wavelength. Besides, the impedance spectroscopy technique was employed to investigate the characteristics of this component, across a frequency range of 10−1 Hz to 106 Hz and at temperatures ranging from 313 K to 453 K. The frequency behavior of the AC conductivity, σac, was analyzed using the universal Jonscher law. The outcomes of the charge transport investigation on CsCdCl3 imply that the perovskite material possessed a quantum mechanical tunneling (QMT) model for T < 363 K and a large polaron tunneling (OLPT) paradigm for T > 363 K. A correlation between the ionic conductivity and the crystal structure was established and discussed. Ultimately, the low dielectric loss and high dielectric constant of CsCdCl3 make it a promising material for energy harvesting devices.
The First Standardized Scoring System to Assess the Welfare of Free‐Ranging Indo‐Pacific Humpback Dolphins (Sousa chinensis)
Authors: Serres Agathe , Boys Rebecca M. , Beausoleil Ngaio J. , Platto Sara , Delfour Fabienne , Li Songhai 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe assessment of wild animal welfare has recently gained interest and represents a novel, complementary approach to monitoring free‐ranging populations for conservation purposes. However, few attempts have been made to develop standardized welfare assessment tools for free‐ranging animals. In the present study, a preliminary scoring system for the welfare assessment of Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins (IPHDs) was created using the Five Domains Model. During a series of online meetings, the panel established the scoring unit, the contribution of each parameter to the four physical/functional domains, the inferred mental states and impact intensity associated with each of these parameters, and the method of aggregating parameter scores within and among domains. The resulting framework includes a total of 53 parameter scores. A total of 20 welfare‐status and 33 welfare‐alerting parameters were identified; these are aggregated into two overall welfare grades for enhancement (positive experiences) and compromise (negative experiences). The panel attributed confidence scores to the intensity impact reflected by each parameter and associated mental states. As expected, these scores reflect higher confidence in welfare‐status than welfare‐alerting parameters; welfare compromise was also attributed higher confidence than welfare enhancement and Domain 1 (Nutrition) globally received higher confidence scores than other domains. As with any expert elicitation study, subjective biases likely exist; these can be reduced through further research on the suggested parameters. The framework uses current knowledge and has been developed to enable continual improvement as further evidence becomes available on various parameters. This study represents an important step in the development of a welfare assessment tool (WAT) for IPHDs. Next steps include defining measurement methods and thresholds for scoring parameter intensities, followed by reliability testing. This WAT can then be used to systematically monitor populations of IPHDs in a way that will better inform conservation measures and ensure their effectiveness.
Proposal on Species‐Specific Synergistic Conservation Measures for Critically Endangered Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus)
Authors: Dwivedi Arvind Kumar , De Kritish 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), a critically endangered freshwater reptile endemic to the Indian subcontinent, faces severe threats from various anthropogenic stressors. Despite positive conservation efforts, a holistic approach is essential for improved outcomes. This involves (1) identification of new conservation priority sites, (2) establishment of gharial populations outside protected areas, (3) interlinking ecosystem processes, (4) conducting census of gharial annually, (5) efficient use of digital technology, (6) adoption of best management practices to mitigate various threats, (7) assessment of inbreeding depression in gharial, (8) rescue and rehabilitation training for local communities, (9) interstate and trans‐boundary commission and (10) survey on socio‐economic status of local communities. Implementing the proposed synergistic measures will not only strengthen conservation efforts but also enhance the livelihoods of local communities, ensuring a sustainable future for this species.
Pre‐ADMET studies of 5‐(3′,4′‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐γ‐valerolactone, the bioactive intestinal metabolite of proanthocyanidins
Authors: Della Vedova Larissa , Husain Islam , Wang Yan‐Hong , Kothapalli Hari Babu , Gado Francesca , Baron Giovanna , Manzi Simone , Morazzoni Paolo , Aldini Giancarlo , Khan Ikhals A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract5‐(3′,4′‐Dihydroxyphenyl)‐γ‐valerolactone (VL) is a bioactive metabolite resulting from the gut microbial metabolism of proanthocyanidins and flavonoids, known for its health‐promoting effects, including antidiabetic and anti‐inflammatory activities. Although VL has been observed in different in vivo studies, its pre‐absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity (ADMET) properties have rarely been investigated. This study aims to address this gap by evaluating the pre‐ADMET properties of VL for the first time. Also, the understanding of these properties is significant for correlating the encountered activities to this metabolite. In vitro absorption studies revealed that VL is rapidly metabolized and absorbed as its sulfate phase II conjugate (valerolactone sulfate), which enters systemic circulation and mildly activates the Breast Cancer Resistance Protein efflux transporter. In human S9 liver fraction, a mixture of liver enzymes used to simulate in vivo liver metabolism, VL is metabolized into glucuronic phase II conjugates (valerolactone glucuronide 1 [VLG1] and 2 [VLG2]) with a half‐life of 8.72 min and an 80% conversion rate. In human liver microsomes, VL is metabolized at a slower rate (half‐life of 23.08 min), suggesting that oxidative metabolism is secondary. Additionally, VL did not activate the pregnane X receptor or inhibit Cytochrome P3A4 (CYP3A4) and Cytochrome P1A2 (CYP1A2) enzymes, indicating no risk of herb–drug interactions with coadministered prescription drugs.
A “Turn‐On” Fluorescent Probe for the Visual Detection of Total Iron in Wine
Authors: Duan Ning , Ding Leyuan , Yang Shaoxiang , Tian Hongyu , Sun Baoguo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA turn‐on fluorescent sensor (E)‐4‐((4‐(5‐fluoro‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)benzylidene)amino)phenol (FBAP) for the detection of Fe3+/2+ was synthesized. The fluorescence intensity of probe FBAP solution gradually increased with increased Fe3+ concentration. The low detection limit (LOD) was calculated to be 0.17 nM. The optimized structure and luminescent properties of FBAP were calculated by time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) and Solvation Model Density (SMD). The rotation of the dihedral angle and ICT in the imine probe turned off the emission of the benzimidazole, which was restored upon cleaving the imine. Probe FBAP was successfully applied to determine whether Fe3+/2+ in wine exceeded the standard by phone and the rapid detection of Fe3+/2+ in the form of test strips was also conducted.
Pan‐Cancer Single‐Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Divergent Expression of Embryonic Proangiogenesis Gene Modules in Tumorigenesis
Authors: Wang Zeshuai , Su Yiyi , Zhao Lisha , Liu Wei , Zhang Jiaqi , Yang Wei , Li Hanjie , Feng Mingqian , Wang Hao , Song Zhuo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAngiogenesis is indispensable for the sustained survival and progression of both embryonic development and tumorigenesis. This intricate process is tightly regulated by a multitude of pro‐angiogenic genes. The presence of gene modules facilitating angiogenesis has been substantiated in both embryonic development and the context of tumor proliferation. However, it remains unresolved whether the pro‐angiogenic gene modules expressed during embryonic development also exist in tumors.MethodsThis study performed a pan‐cancer single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) analysis on samples from 332 patients across seven cancer types: thyroid carcinoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, ovarian carcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma. Data processing was carried out using the Seurat R package, with rigorous quality control to filter high‐quality cells and mitigate batch effects across datasets. We used principal component analysis (PCA), shared nearest neighbor graph‐based clustering, and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) to visualize cell types and identify distinct cell clusters. Myeloid cell subpopulations were further analyzed for the expression of embryonic pro‐angiogenic gene modules (EPGM) and tumor pro‐angiogenic gene modules (TPGM).ResultsThe analysis identified nine major cell types within the tumor microenvironment, with myeloid cells consistently exhibiting elevated expression of both tumor pro‐angiogenic gene modules (TPGM) and EPGM across all tumor types. In particular, myeloid cells, including macrophages and monocytes, showed high EPGM expression, indicating an active role of embryonic pro‐angiogenesis pathways in tumors. A subset analysis revealed 20 distinct myeloid subtypes with varying EPGM and TPGM expression across different cancers. Treatment and disease stage influenced these gene expressions, with certain subtypes, such as HSPAhi/STAT1+ macrophages in breast cancer, displaying reduced pro‐angiogenic gene activity post‐treatment.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that tumors may exploit EPGM to enhance vascularization and support sustained growth, as evidenced by the elevated EPGM expression in tumor‐associated myeloid cells. The consistent presence of EPGM in TAMs across multiple cancer types suggests a conserved mechanism wherein tumors harness embryonic angiogenic pathways to facilitate their progression. Distinct EPGM expression patterns in specific myeloid cell subsets indicate potential therapeutic targets, particularly in cases where EPGM activation contributes to resistance against anti‐angiogenic therapies. These findings shed new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor angiogenesis and highlight the prognostic relevance of EPGM expression in cancer, underscoring its potential as a biomarker for clinical applications.
Virtue engagement in contemporary relational psychotherapy: A mixed methods practice‐based study
Authors: Crabtree Sarah A. , Captari Laura E. , Hydinger Kristen R. , Jankowski Peter J. , Sandage Steven J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionPositive psychology and virtue ethics traditions suggest that virtue development is a pathway to well‐being, but few studies have examined how psychotherapy in naturalistic settings contributes to clients' virtue engagement.MethodThis study was conducted at a community mental health clinic specialising in contemporary relational psychotherapy (CRP) in the northeast United States. The embedded, explanatory mixed method design included (a) longitudinal mixture‐modelling to identify clients showing gains in relational virtue engagement over time, and (b) interviewing a subsample (N = 15) of these clients.ResultsOur findings suggest that virtue engagement in CRP emerges (a) within the dynamic conditions of the alliance and (b) through holistic attunement to clients' identities, experiences, mental health and growth in capacities that promote wisdom and flourishing. Clinical and research implications and future research directions are discussed.