bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image cytometry DNA ploidy analysis: Correlation between two semi‐automated methods
Authors: Ghizoni Janaina S. , Sperandio Marcelo , Lock Claire , Odell Edward W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesQuantitation of cell DNA content, DNA ploidy, has been established as a research and prognostic technique for decades. A variety of instruments have been used although only a few commercially available systems have established quality assurance and published outcome data. The aim of this study was to compare two automated systems.MethodsNuclear monolayers were obtained from 112 oral biopsies by enzyme digestion and Feulgen staining. These were scanned on both the Fairfield and the Ploidy Work Station (PWS) systems. The overall ploidy diagnosis, number of epithelial nuclei, coefficient of variation (CV) and 5c exceeding rate (5CER) were compared by quantile–quantile plots, t test, Wilcoxon and Spearman's tests.ResultsThe PWS system identified more nuclei (p < 0.0001) at a lower CV (p < 0.0001). Using the PWS system, fewer samples were classified as indeterminate. No difference between 5CER was found between systems (p > 0.54). There was complete concordance between the two systems in terms of DNA ploidy diagnosis.ConclusionsThe PWS system is comparable to the Fairfield system for determination of DNA ploidy and has advantages that may lead to improved performance.
Severe tricuspid regurgitation due to interactions with right ventricular permanent pacemaker or defibrillator leads
Authors: Trankle Cory R. , Gertz Zachary M. , Koneru Jayanthi N. , Kasirajan Vigneshwar , Nicolato Patricia , Bhardwaj Hem L. , Ellenbogen Kenneth A. , Kalahasty Gautham 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough thought to be a rare event, permanent pacemakers and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators with right ventricular intracardiac leads have the potential to induce tricuspid valve dysfunction. Adverse lead‐valve interactions can take place through a variety of mechanisms including damage at the time of implantation, leaflet pinning, or long‐term fibrosis encapsulating the leaflet tissue. Clinical manifestations can display a wide range of severity, as well as a highly variable time span between implantation and hemodynamic deterioration. This review aims to describe the potential pathophysiologic effects of intracardiac device leads on the tricuspid valve, with a focus on ideal diagnostic strategies and treatment options once lead‐induced valvular dysfunction is suspected.
Comparative study about the tensile strength and yielding mechanism of pacing lead among major manufacturers
Authors: Chan Chi‐Wo , Chan Lip‐Kiong , Lam Tongny , Tsang Kin‐Keung , Chan Kin‐Wing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundWith extraction of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) increasingly necessitated, various studies have contemplated to investigate clinical predictors for its success and complications. Intrinsic parameters of CIED leads have been studied less extensively and are the foci of this study.MethodsThree major pacemaker manufacturers accepted invitation. Leads then underwent tensile test in vitro with their composite tensile strength (TS) compared. Mechanism of yielding, under tensile stress, was also observed among them.ResultsAll pacing leads, participated in this study, surpassed requirement of European Standard EN 45502‐2‐1. Boston Scientific's FINELINE II STEROX 4456/52 cm (Boston Scientific Corp., St. Paul, MN, USA) and Medtronic's CAPSURE SENSE 4074/52 cm (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) showed similar composite TS and both were stronger compared with St. Jude Medical's ISOFLEX OPTIM 1948/52 cm (P <0.001; St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA, USA). Despite a difference in the exact site, the Medtronic 4074 and St. Jude Medical 1948 yielded similarly in that their distal tip electrode remained connected with a flimsy inner coil to proximal portion of the lead after their composite TS was exceeded. Boston Scientific 4456's insulation tubing and coil wire broke almost simultaneously and separated completely from the tip electrode when it yielded.ConclusionsFINELINE II STEROX 4456/52 cm and CAPSURE SENSE 4074/52 cm showed stronger composite tensile strength than ISOFLEX OPTIM 1948/52 cm. FINELINE II STEROX 4456 was found more prone to complete severance. Limitations and precautions to translate these differences directly into real‐life scenario are discussed.
Regional vs. General Anesthesia for Total Knee and Hip Replacement: An Analysis of Postoperative Pain Perception from the International PAIN OUT Registry
Authors: Donauer Katharina , Bomberg Hagen , Wagenpfeil Stefan , Volk Thomas , Meissner Winfried , Wolf Alexander 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundTotal hip and knee replacements are common surgeries, and an optimal pain treatment is essential for early rehabilitation. Since data from randomized controlled trials on the use of regional anesthesia in joint replacements of the lower extremities are conflicting, we analyzed the international PAIN OUT registry for comparison of regional anesthesia vs. general anesthesia regarding pain and morphine consumption on the first postoperative day.MethodsInternational Classification of Diseases‐9 (ICD‐9) codes were used to identify 2,346 cases of knee arthroplasty and 2,315 cases of hip arthroplasty between 2010 and 2016 from the PAIN OUT registry. Those were grouped according to anesthesia provided (general, regional, and a combination of both). On the first day after surgery, pain levels and opioid consumption were compared. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs [and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)]) were calculated with logistic regression, and propensity matching was used as a sensitivity analysis.ResultsAfter adjustment for confounders, regional anesthesia was associated with reduced opioid consumption (OR 0.20 [95% CI 0.13 to 0.30], P < 0.001) and less pain (OR 0.53 [95% CI 0.36 to 0.78], P = 0.001) than was general anesthesia in knee surgery. In hip surgery, regional anesthesia was only associated with reduced opioid consumption (OR 0.17 [95% CI 0.11 to 0.26], P < 0.001), whereas pain was comparable (OR 1.23 [95% CI 0.94 to 1.61], P = 0.1). Results from a propensity‐matched sensitivity analysis were similar.ConclusionIn total knee arthroplasty, regional anesthesia was associated with less pain and lower opioid consumption. In total hip arthroplasty, regional anesthesia was associated with lower opioid consumption, but not with reduced pain levels.
Introducing Adaptive Flood Risk Management in England, New Zealand, and the Netherlands: The Impact of Administrative Traditions
Authors: van Buuren Arwin , Lawrence Judy , Potter Karen , Warner Jeroen F. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractClimate change adaptation creates significant challenges for decision makers in the flood risk‐management policy domain. Given the complex characteristics of climate change, adaptive approaches (which can be adjusted as circumstances evolve) are deemed necessary to deal with a range of uncertainties around flood hazard and its impacts and associated risks. The question whether implementing adaptive approaches is successful highly depends upon how the administrative tradition of a country enable or hinder applying a more adaptive approach. In this article, we discern how the administrative tradition in the Netherlands, England, and New Zealand impact upon the introduction of adaptive flood risk management approaches. Using the concept of administrative traditions, we aim to explain the similarities and/or differences in how adaptive strategies are shaped and implemented in the three different state flood management regimes and furthermore, which aspects related to administrative traditions are enablers or barriers to innovation in these processes.
Low maternal serum concentrations of mannose‐binding lectin are associated with the risk of shorter duration of pregnancy and lower birthweight
Authors: Koucký M. , Malíčková K. , Kopřivová H. , Cindrová‐Davies T. , Hrbáčková H. , Černý A. , Šimják P. , Pařízek A. , Zima T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractChronic inflammation has been implicated as the underlying mechanism responsible for the pathophysiology of preterm labour. Mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) plays a central role in the innate immune response and is thus an important component of the first line of defense. The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum concentrations of MBL correlated with the incidence of preterm birth and low birthweight in a cohort of women with signs of threatened preterm birth. A cohort of 60 patients who presented with regular contractions and/or short cervix (group A) between 24 and 32 weeks of gestation and 20 healthy controls (group B) who had no pregnancy complications and delivered at term were recruited into a prospective study. The following outcomes were recorded: presence of preterm labour and birthweight in all patients. MBL and high sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels were measured in all serum samples. The serum concentrations of MBL were significantly reduced in patients with threatened preterm labour (Group A), compared to the control Group B. Furthermore, infants born to Group A mothers with MBL deficiency (n = 13, MBL ≤100 ng/mL) had significantly lower birthweights, compared to those born to Group A women with normal MBL serum concentrations (P < .0001). Our small cohort study demonstrated a strong association between MBL deficiency and preterm delivery, and associated low birthweight. MBL deficiency could thus be considered an important risk factor for preterm birth.
Neural Correlates of Suicidality in Adolescents with Major Depression: Resting‐State Functional Connectivity of the Precuneus and Posterior Cingulate Cortex
Authors: Schreiner Melinda Westlund , Klimes‐Dougan Bonnie , Cullen Kathryn R. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors (“suicidality”). Of the three components of Joiner's interpersonal theory of suicide, two involve negatively valenced, self‐related beliefs: perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. However, the neurocircuitry underlying self‐processing and suicidality has not been fully explored. This study examined the association between suicidality and the neurocircuitry of regions relevant to self‐referential processing in adolescents with depression.MethodFifty‐eight adolescents underwent assessment and a resting‐state fMRI scan. Resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) analyses included two brain regions implicated in self‐referential processing: precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Suicidality was measured using the Index of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms. While controlling for depression severity, we conducted whole‐brain correlation analyses between suicidality and left and right precuneus and PCC connectivity maps.ResultsSuicidality was positively associated with RSFC between left precuneus and left primary motor and somatosensory cortices, and middle and superior frontal gyri. Suicidality was negatively associated with RSFC between left PCC and left cerebellum, lateral occipital cortex, and temporal–occipital fusiform gyrus.ConclusionsFindings of hyperconnectivity stemming from the precuneus and hypoconnectivity from the PCC may reflect maladaptive self‐reflection and mentalization. However, additional investigation is warranted to further clarify these relationships.
Evaluating the Impact of EBP Education: Development of a Modified Fresno Test for Acute Care Nursing
Authors: Halm Margo A. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundProficiency in evidence‐based practice (EBP) is essential for relevant research findings to be integrated into clinical care when congruent with patient preferences. Few valid and reliable tools are available to evaluate the effectiveness of educational programs in advancing EBP attitudes, knowledge, skills, or behaviors, and ongoing competency. The Fresno test is one objective method to evaluate EBP knowledge and skills; however, the original and modified versions were validated with family physicians, physical therapists, and speech and language therapists.AimsTo adapt the Modified Fresno‐Acute Care Nursing test and develop a psychometrically sound tool for use in academic and practice settings.MethodsIn Phase 1, modified Fresno (Tilson, 2010) items were adapted for acute care nursing. In Phase 2, content validity was established with an expert panel. Content validity indices (I‐CVI) ranged from .75 to 1.0. Scale CVI was .95%. A cross‐sectional convenience sample of acute care nurses (n = 90) in novice, master, and expert cohorts completed the Modified Fresno‐Acute Care Nursing test administered electronically via SurveyMonkey.FindingsTotal scores were significantly different between training levels (p < .0001). Novice nurses scored significantly lower than master or expert nurses, but differences were not found between the latter cohorts. Total score reliability was acceptable: (interrater [ICC (2, 1)]) = .88. Cronbach's alpha was 0.70. Psychometric properties of most modified items were satisfactory; however, six require further revision and testing to meet acceptable standards.Linking Evidence to ActionThe Modified Fresno‐Acute Care Nursing test is a 14‐item test for objectively assessing EBP knowledge and skills of acute care nurses. While preliminary psychometric properties for this new EBP knowledge measure for acute care nursing are promising, further validation of some of the items and scoring rubric is needed.
Applying a Low-FODMAP Dietary Intervention to a Female Ultraendurance Runner With Irritable Bowel Syndrome During a Multistage Ultramarathon
Authors: Gaskell Stephanie K. , Costa Ricardo J.S. 
Published: May 2018

Malabsorption of fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) in response to prolonged exercise may increase incidence of upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS), which are known to impair exercise performance. This case study aimed to explore the impact of a low-FODMAP diet on exercise-associated GIS in a female ultraendurance runner diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome, competing in a 6-day 186.7-km mountainous multistage ultramarathon (MSUM). Irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity score at diagnosis was 410 and following a low-FODMAP diet (3.9 g FODMAPs/day) it reduced to 70. The diet was applied 6 days before (i.e., lead-in diet), and maintained during (5.1 g FODMAPs/day) the MSUM. Nutrition intake was analyzed through dietary analysis software. A validated 100-mm visual analog scale quantified GIS incidence and severity. GIS were modest during the MSUM (overall mean ± SD: bloating 27 ± 5 mm and flatulence 23 ± 8 mm), except severe nausea (67 ± 14 mm) experienced throughout. Total daily energy (11.7 ± 1.6 MJ/day) intake did not meet estimated energy requirements (range: 13.9–17.9 MJ/day). Total daily protein [1.4 ± 0.3 g·kg body weight (BW)−1·day−1], carbohydrate (9.1 ± 1.3 g·kg BW−1·day−1), fat (1.1 ± 0.2 g·kg BW−1·day−1), and water (78.7 ± 6.4 ml·kg BW−1·day−1) intakes satisfied current consensus guidelines, except for carbohydrates. Carbohydrate intake during running failed to meet recommendations (43 ± 9 g/hr). The runner successfully implemented a low-FODMAP diet and completed the MSUM with minimal GIS. However, suboptimal energy and carbohydrate intake occurred, potentially exacerbated by nausea associated with running at altitude.
In Vitro
and
In Vivo
Activity of Peptidomimetic Compounds That Target the Periodontal Pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Tan Jinlian , Patil Pravin C. , Luzzio Frederick A. , Demuth Donald R. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

The interaction of the periodontal pathogen
Porphyromonas gingivalis
with oral streptococci is important for initial colonization of the oral cavity by
P. gingivalis
and is mediated by a discrete motif of the streptococcal antigen I/II protein. A synthetic peptide encompassing this motif functions as a potent inhibitor of
P. gingivalis
adherence, but the use of peptides as topically applied therapeutic agents in the oral cavity has limitations arising from the relatively high cost of peptide synthesis and their susceptibility to degradation by proteases expressed by oral organisms. In this study, we demonstrate the
in vitro
and
in vivo
activity of five small-molecule mimetic compounds of the streptococcal peptide. Using a three-species biofilm model, all five compounds were shown to effectively inhibit the incorporation of
P. gingivalis
into
in vitro
biofilms and exhibited 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC
50
s) of 10 to 20 μM. Four of the five compounds also significantly reduced maxillary alveolar bone resorption induced by
P. gingivalis
infection in a mouse model of periodontitis. All of the compounds were nontoxic toward a human telomerase immortalized gingival keratinocyte cell line. Three compounds exhibited slight toxicity against the murine macrophage J774A.1 cell line at the highest concentration tested. Compound PCP-III-201 was nontoxic to both cell lines and the most potent inhibitor of
P. gingivalis
virulence and thus may represent a novel potential therapeutic agent that targets
P. gingivalis
by preventing its colonization of the oral cavity.
Predictable Phenotypes of Antibiotic Resistance Mutations
Authors: Knopp M. , Andersson D. I. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria represent a major threat to our ability to treat bacterial infections. Two factors that determine the evolutionary success of antibiotic resistance mutations are their impact on resistance level and the fitness cost. Recent studies suggest that resistance mutations commonly show epistatic interactions, which would complicate predictions of their stability in bacterial populations. We analyzed 13 different chromosomal resistance mutations and 10 host strains of
Salmonella enterica
and
Escherichia coli
to address two main questions. (i) Are there epistatic interactions between different chromosomal resistance mutations? (ii) How does the strain background and genetic distance influence the effect of chromosomal resistance mutations on resistance and fitness? Our results show that the effects of combined resistance mutations on resistance and fitness are largely predictable and that epistasis remains rare even when up to four mutations were combined. Furthermore, a majority of the mutations, especially target alteration mutations, demonstrate strain-independent phenotypes across different species. This study extends our understanding of epistasis among resistance mutations and shows that interactions between different resistance mutations are often predictable from the characteristics of the individual mutations.

IMPORTANCE
The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria imposes an urgent threat to public health. The ability to forecast the evolutionary success of resistant mutants would help to combat dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Previous studies have shown that the phenotypic effects (fitness and resistance level) of resistance mutations can vary substantially depending on the genetic context in which they occur. We conducted a broad screen using many different resistance mutations and host strains to identify potential epistatic interactions between various types of resistance mutations and to determine the effect of strain background on resistance phenotypes. Combinations of several different mutations showed a large amount of phenotypic predictability, and the majority of the mutations displayed strain-independent phenotypes. However, we also identified a few outliers from these patterns, illustrating that the choice of host organism can be critically important when studying antibiotic resistance mutations.
Factors associated with pain and osteoarthritis at the hip and knee in Great Britain’s Olympians: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cooper Dale J , Scammell Brigitte E , Batt Mark E , Palmer Debbie 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundKnowledge of the epidemiology and potentially modifiable factors associated with musculoskeletal disease is an important first step in injury prevention among elite athletes.AimThis study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with pain and osteoarthritis (OA) at the hip and knee in Great Britain’s (GB) Olympians aged 40 and older.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. A survey was distributed to 2742 GB Olympians living in 30 countries. Of the 714 (26.0%) who responded, 605 were eligible for analysis (ie, aged 40 and older).ResultsThe prevalence of hip and knee pain was 22.4% and 26.1%, and of hip and knee OA was 11.1% and 14.2%, respectively. Using a multivariable model, injury was associated with OA at the hip (adjusted OR (aOR) 10.85; 95% CI 3.80 to 30.96) and knee (aOR 4.92; 95% CI 2.58 to 9.38), and pain at the hip (aOR 5.55; 95% CI 1.83 to 16.86) and knee (aOR 2.65; 95% CI 1.57 to 4.46). Widespread pain was associated with pain at the hip (aOR 7.63; 95% CI 1.84 to 31.72) and knee (aOR 4.77; 95% CI 1.58 to 14.41). Older age, obesity, knee malalignment, comorbidities, hypermobility and weight-bearing exercise were associated with hip and knee OA and/or pain.ConclusionsThis study detected an association between several factors and hip and knee pain/OA in retired GB Olympic athletes. These associations require further substantiation in retired athletes from other National Olympic Committees, and through comparison with the general population. Longitudinal follow-up is needed to investigate the factors associated with the onset and progression of OA/pain, and to determine if modulation of such factors can reduce the prevalence of pain and OA in this population.
Dysbiosis of maternal and neonatal microbiota associated with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Jinfeng , Zheng Jiayong , Shi Wenyu , Du Nan , Xu Xiaomin , Zhang Yanming , Ji Peifeng , Zhang Fengyi , Jia Zhen , Wang Yeping , Zheng Zhi , Zhang Hongping , Zhao Fangqing 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveThe initial colonisation of the human microbiota and the impact of maternal health on neonatal microbiota at birth remain largely unknown. The aim of our study is to investigate the possible dysbiosis of maternal and neonatal microbiota associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to estimate the potential risks of the microbial shift to neonates.DesignPregnant women and neonates suffering from GDM were enrolled and 581 maternal (oral, intestinal and vaginal) and 248 neonatal (oral, pharyngeal, meconium and amniotic fluid) samples were collected. To avoid vaginal bacteria contaminations, the included neonates were predominantly delivered by C-section, with their samples collected within seconds of delivery.ResultsNumerous and diverse bacterial taxa were identified from the neonatal samples, and the samples from different neonatal body sites were grouped into distinct clusters. The microbiota of pregnant women and neonates was remarkably altered in GDM, with a strong correlation between certain discriminatory bacteria and the oral glucose tolerance test. Microbes varying by the same trend across the maternal and neonatal microbiota were observed, revealing the intergenerational concordance of microbial variation associated with GDM. Furthermore, lower evenness but more depletion of KEGG orthologues and higher abundance of some viruses (eg, herpesvirus and mastadenovirus) were observed in the meconium microbiota of neonates associated with GDM.ConclusionGDM can alter the microbiota of both pregnant women and neonates at birth, which sheds light on another form of inheritance and highlights the importance of understanding the formation of early-life microbiome.