bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupling Water and Carbon Fluxes to Constrain Estimates of Transpiration: The TEA Algorithm
Authors: Nelson Jacob A. , Carvalhais Nuno , Cuntz Matthias , Delpierre Nicolas , Knauer Jürgen , Ogée Jérome , Migliavacca Mirco , Reichstein Markus , Jung Martin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPlant transpiration (T), biologically controlled movement of water from soil to atmosphere, currently lacks sufficient estimates in space and time to characterize global ecohydrology. Here we describe the Transpiration Estimation Algorithm (TEA), which uses both the signals of gross primary productivity and evapotranspiration (ET) to estimate temporal patterns of water use efficiency (WUE, i.e., the ratio between gross primary productivity and T) from which T is calculated. The method first isolates periods when T is most likely to dominate ET. Then, a Random Forest Regressor is trained on WUE within the filtered periods and can thus estimate WUE and T at every time step. Performance of the method is validated using terrestrial biosphere model output as synthetic flux data sets, that is, flux data where WUE dynamics are encoded in the model structure and T is known. TEA reproduced temporal patterns of T with modeling efficiencies above 0.8 for all three models: JSBACH, MuSICA, and CASTANEA. Algorithm output is robust to data set noise but shows some sensitivity to sites and model structures with relatively constant evaporation levels, overestimating values of T while still capturing temporal patterns. The ability to capture between‐site variability in the fraction of T to total ET varied by model, with root‐mean‐square error values between algorithm predicted and modeled T/ET ranging from 3% to 15% depending on the model. TEA provides a widely applicable method for estimating WUE while requiring minimal data and/or knowledge on physiology which can complement and inform the current understanding of underlying processes.
Clinical predictors of long-term survival in newly diagnosed transplant eligible multiple myeloma — an IMWG Research Project
Authors: Usmani Saad Z. , Hoering Antje , Cavo Michele , Miguel Jesus San , Goldschimdt Hartmut , Hajek Roman , Turesson Ingemar , Lahuerta Juan Jose , Attal Michel , Barlogie Bart , Lee Jae Hoon , Kumar Shaji , Lenhoff Stig , Morgan Gareth , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Durie Brian G. M. , Moreau Philippe 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurpose: multiple myeloma is considered an incurable hematologic cancer but a subset of patients can achieve long-term remissions and survival. The present study examines the clinical features of long-term survival as it correlates to depth of disease response. Patients & Methods: this was a multi-institutional, international, retrospective analysis of high-dose melphalan-autologous stem cell transplant (HDM-ASCT) eligible MM patients included in clinical trials. Clinical variable and survival data were collected from 7291 MM patients from Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Korea, Spain, the Nordic Myeloma Study Group and the United States. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to assess progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Relative survival (RS) and statistical cure fractions (CF) were computed for all patients with available data. Results: achieving CR at 1 year was associated with superior PFS (median PFS 3.3 years vs. 2.6 years, p < 0.0001) as well as OS (median OS 8.5 years vs. 6.3 years, p < 0.0001). Clinical variables at diagnosis associated with 5-year survival and 10-year survival were compared with those associated with 2-year death. In multivariate analysis, age over 65 years (OR 1.87, p = 0.002), IgA Isotype (OR 1.53, p = 0.004), low albumin < 3.5 g/dL (OR = 1.36, p = 0.023), elevated beta 2 microglobulin ≥ 3.5 mg/dL (OR 1.86, p < 0.001), serum creatinine levels ≥ 2 mg/dL (OR 1.77, p = 0.005), hemoglobin levels < 10 g/dL (OR 1.55, p = 0.003), and platelet count < 150k/μL (OR 2.26, p < 0.001) appeared to be negatively associated with 10-year survival. The relative survival for the cohort was ~0.9, and the statistical cure fraction was 14.3%. Conclusions: these data identify CR as an important predictor of long-term survival for HDM-ASCT eligible MM patients. They also identify clinical variables reflective of higher disease burden as poor prognostic markers for long-term survival.
Global identification of Arabidopsis lncRNAs reveals the regulation of MAF4 by a natural antisense RNA
Authors: Zhao Xinyue , Li Jingrui , Lian Bi , Gu Hanqing , Li Yan , Qi Yijun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of gene expression and plant development. Here, we identified 6,510 lncRNAs in Arabidopsis under normal or stress conditions. We found that the expression of natural antisense transcripts (NATs) that are transcribed in the opposite direction of protein-coding genes often positively correlates with and is required for the expression of their cognate sense genes. We further characterized MAS, a NAT-lncRNA produced from the MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING4 (MAF4) locus. MAS is induced by cold and indispensable for the activation of MAF4 transcription and suppression of precocious flowering. MAS activates MAF4 by interacting with WDR5a, one core component of the COMPASS-like complexes, and recruiting WDR5a to MAF4 to enhance histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3). Our study greatly extends the repertoire of lncRNAs in Arabidopsis and reveals a role for NAT-lncRNAs in regulating gene expression in vernalization response and likely in other biological processes.
Physics and applications of charged domain walls
Authors: Bednyakov Petr S. , Sturman Boris I. , Sluka Tomas , Tagantsev Alexander K. , Yudin Petr V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe charged domain wall is an ultrathin (typically nanosized) interface between two domains; it carries bound charge owing to a change of normal component of spontaneous polarization on crossing the wall. In contrast to hetero-interfaces between different materials, charged domain walls (CDWs) can be created, displaced, erased, and recreated again in the bulk of a material. Screening of the bound charge with free carriers is often necessary for stability of CDWs, which can result in giant two-dimensional conductivity along the wall. Usually in nominally insulating ferroelectrics, the concentration of free carriers at the walls can approach metallic values. Thus, CDWs can be viewed as ultrathin reconfigurable strongly conductive sheets embedded into the bulk of an insulating material. This feature is highly attractive for future nanoelectronics. The last decade was marked by a surge of research interest in CDWs. It resulted in numerous breakthroughs in controllable and reproducible fabrication of CDWs in different materials, in investigation of CDW properties and charge compensation mechanisms, in discovery of light-induced effects, and, finally, in detection of giant two-dimensional conductivity. The present review is aiming at a concise presentation of the main physical ideas behind CDWs and a brief overview of the most important theoretical and experimental findings in the field.
Properties of small meteoroids studied by meteor video observations
Authors: Vojáček V. , Borovička J. , Koten P. , Spurný P. , Štork R. 
Published: November 2018

Aims. The complex study of millimetre-sized meteoroids can reveal more about the structure and origin of population of these meteoroids.
Methods. Double-station video observations, paired with spectroscopic video observations, were used to study small meteoroids. In total 152 sporadic and shower meteors of maximum brightness between magnitude −5 and +3 were analysed. Spectral classification was based on time-integrated intensities of lines of Na, Mg, and Fe. Meteor light curves and deceleration were fitted by the grain erosion model. Heliocentric orbits of all meteors were computed. Monochromatic light curves were constructed in order to study differential ablation. The length of meteor wakes was evaluated as well.
Results. The variety of properties among millimetre-sized meteoroids proved different sources and histories of this material. Meteoroids that contain small grains tend to release their sodium early. For given grain sizes, the sodium in Na-poor meteoroids is released earlier than in meteors without sodium depletion. Overall, meteoroids with sodium depletion are revealed to have different structures: they have stronger material without very small grains and they do not show very bright wakes. Two iron meteoroids on Halley-type orbits were observed, thereby supporting the idea of large-scale mixing of material in the early solar system. The distribution of grain sizes of Jupiter-family members was in good agreement with results from the COSIMA instrument on the ROSETTA probe.
Effects of environment on sSFR profiles of late-type galaxies in the CALIFA survey
Authors: Coenda Valeria , Mast Damián , Martínez Héctor J. , Muriel Hernán , Merchán Manuel E. 
Published: November 2018

Aims. We explore the effects of environment on star formation in late-type galaxies by studying the dependence of the radial profiles of specific star formation rate (sSFR) on environment and the stellar mass, using a sample of 275 late-type galaxies drawn from the CALIFA survey.
Methods. We consider three different discrete environments: field galaxies, galaxies in pairs, and galaxies in groups, with stellar masses 9 ≤ log(M⋆/M⊙) ≤ 12, and compare their sSFR profiles across the environments.
Results. Our results suggest that the stellar mass is the main factor determining the sSFR profiles of late-type galaxies; the influence of AGNs and bars are secondary. We find that the relative size of the bulge plays a key role in depressing star formation towards the center of late-type galaxies. The group environment determines clear differences in the sSFR profiles of galaxies. We find evidence of an outside-in action upon galaxies with stellar masses 9 ≤ log(M⋆/M⊙) ≤ 10 in groups. We find a much stronger suppression of star formation in the inner regions of massive galaxies in groups, which may be an indication of a different merger history.
Update: Infektiöse Komplikationen der
Peritonealdialyse
Authors: Kitterer Daniel 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungInfektiöse Komplikationen stellen weiterhin eine wichtige Komplikation der
Peritonealdialyse (PD) dar. Durch technische Entwicklungen der letzten
Jahrzehnte sind heutzutage Peritonitisraten möglich, die unter 0,5 Ereignissen
pro Jahr (kleiner als 1 Ereignis pro 24 Monate) liegen. Die Vermeidung von
Exit-site-Infektionen und die perioperative Single-Shot-Antibiotikagabe stellen
weitere Möglichkeiten dar, um Peritonitiden bei PD-Patienten zu vermeiden. Bei
der Antibiotikaauswahl müssen lokale Resistenzen sowie koagulasenegative
Staphylokokken mit Methicillin-/Oxacillinresistenz beachtet werden. Gramnegative
Keime mit Resistenzen gegen Cephalosporine stellen weiterhin erfreulicherweise
eine Ausnahme dar. Sollten solche Keime zu einer Peritonitis führen, kommen
Carbapeneme intraperitoneal als Alternative in Frage.
Primary adenocarcinoma arising in esophageal colon interposition for corrosive esophageal injury: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: De Moura Diogo , Ribeiro Igor , Coronel Martin , De Moura Eduardo , Carvalho Joana , Baba Elisa , De Moura Eduardo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Colon interposition for benign strictures is associated with significant perioperative complications that carry high morbidity and mortality. Although rarely reported in the literature, adenocarcinoma can occur as a late complication in an interposed colonic segment. We report a case of a late-stage adenocarcinoma in a colonic interposition performed for benign esophageal stricture.
Biokompatible Peritonealdialyselösungen
Authors: Vychytil Andreas 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDurch langzeitige intraperitoneale Anwendung von Glukoselösungen treten bei
PD-Patienten (PD: Peritonealdialyse) morphologische und funktionelle Schäden an
der Peritonealmembran auf. Es gibt keine eindeutige Evidenz, dass PD-Lösungen
mit alternativen osmotischen Substanzen (Icodextrin, Aminosäuren) langfristig
einen günstigen Einfluss auf peritonealeSchäden bei chronischen PD-Patienten
haben. Dennoch ist die klinische Bedeutung von icodextrinhaltigen PD-Lösungen
zur Optimierung des Salz- und Wasserhaushaltes uneingeschränkt. In rezenten
Metaanalysen haben Low-GDP-Lösungen (GDP: Glukosedegradationsprodukte) harte
Endpunkte wie Peritonitis und technisches Versagen nicht signifikant
beeinflusst. Dennoch weisen einzelne kleinere Studien und Kohortenstudien darauf
hin, dass diese Lösungen morphologische Schäden der Peritonealmembran
reduzieren. Alanyl-Glutamin als Zusatz zur PD-Lösung hat in ersten klinischen
Studien zu membranprotektiven, immunmodulatorischen und antiinflammatorischen
Effekten geführt. Klinische Studien mit längerer Beobachtungszeit müssen zeigen,
ob dies auch mit einer verbesserten Peritonitisrate, einem verbesserten
technischen Überleben und/oder Überleben von PD-Patienten assoziiert ist.
Baicalin Induces Apoptotic Death of Human Chondrosarcoma Cells through Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Zhu Minyu , Ying Jinwei , Lin Chaowei , Wang Yu , Huang Kelun , Zhou Yang , Teng Honglin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the cytotoxic and antitumour effects of baicalin in human chondrosarcoma both in vivo and in vitro. We examined the effects of baicalin on the growth and apoptosis of human chondrosarcoma cells. Baicalin inhibited the growth of SW1353 and CH2879 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but did not inhibit the growth of normal chondrocytes. Baicalin reduced tumour growth and induced apoptotic death in SW1353-transplanted nude mice without reducing their body weight. Further studies showed that baicalin reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulated the expression of Bax and cytoplasmic cytochrome c, downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and mitochondrial cytochromes, and activated caspase-3 and caspase-9. Baicalin inhibited the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway by decreasing the expression of phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase, phosphorylated protein kinase B, and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the mice that received SC79 and baicalin exhibited a greater tumour size compared with the mice that received baicalin. The mice that received LY294002 and baicalin showed a smaller tumour size compared with the mice that received baicalin. In the in vitro study, SC79 and LY294002 affected the baicalin-induced cytotoxic effects on chondrosarcoma cells in the same manner. Our data suggest baicalin has therapeutic efficacy in human chondrosarcoma through the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Baicalin can be considered a potential therapeutic agent for treating chondrosarcomas.
Criminological Policy Mobilities and Sex Work: Understanding the Movement of the ‘Swedish Model’ to Northern Ireland
Authors: McMenzie Laura , Cook Ian R , Laing Mary 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Ideas, policies and models related to criminal justice often travel between places. How, then, should we make sense of this movement? We make the case for drawing on the policy mobilities literature, which originates in human geography. It is only recently that criminological studies have drawn on small parts of this literature. This article argues for a more expansive engagement with the policy mobilities literature, so that criminal justice researchers focus on concepts such as mobilities, mutation, assemblages, learning, educating and showcasing when studying the movement of criminal justice ideas, policies and models. To illustrate our argument, we will draw on a case study of the adaptation of the ‘Swedish model’ of governing sex work by policymakers in Northern Ireland.
Immunogenicity and Viral Shedding of Russian-Backbone, Seasonal, Trivalent, Live, Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in a Phase II, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Among Preschool-Aged Children in Urban Bangladesh
Authors: Lewis Kristen D C , Ortiz Justin R , Rahman Mohammed Z , Levine Min Z , Rudenko Larisa , Wright Peter F , Katz Jacqueline M , Dally Len , Rahman Mustafizur , Isakova-Sivak Irina , Ilyushina Natalia A , Matyushenko Victoria , Fry Alicia M , Lindstrom Stephen E , Bresee Joseph S , Brooks W Abdullah , Neuzil Kathleen M 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
We evaluated a Russian-backbone, live, attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) for immunogenicity and viral shedding in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial among Bangladeshi children.

Methods
Healthy children received a single, intranasal dose of LAIV containing the 2011–2012 recommended formulation or placebo. Nasopharyngeal wash (NPW) specimens were collected on days 0, 2, 4, and 7. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions and sequencing identified the influenza virus (vaccine or wild-type). On days 0 and 21, blood specimens were collected to assess immunogenicity using hemagglutination inhibition, microneutralization, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) and G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs); NPW specimens were also collected to assess mucosal immunogenicity using kinetic IgA ELISA.

Results
We enrolled 300 children aged 24 through 59 months in the immunogenicity and viral shedding analyses. Among children receiving LAIV, 45% and 67% shed A/H3N2 and B vaccine strains, respectively. No child shed A/H1N1 vaccine strain. There were significantly higher day 21 geometric mean titers (GMTs) for the LAIV, as compared to the placebo groups, in all immunoassays for A/H3N2 and B (log10 titer P < .0001; GMT Ratio >2.0). Among immunoassays for A/H1N1, only the mucosal IgA GMT was significantly higher than placebo at day 21 (log10 titer P = .0465).

Conclusions
Children vaccinated with LAIV had serum and mucosal antibody responses to A/H3N2 and B, but only a mucosal IgA response to A/H1N1. Many children shed A/H3N2 and B vaccine strains, but none shed A/H1N1. More research is needed to determine the reason for decreased LAIV A/H1N1 immunogenicity and virus shedding.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01625689.
Tracing the sources of reionization in cosmological radiation hydrodynamics simulations
Authors: Katz Harley , Kimm Taysun , Haehnelt Martin G , Sijacki Debora , Rosdahl Joakim , Blaizot Jeremy 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTWe use the photon flux and absorption tracer algorithm presented in Katz et al. to characterize the contribution of haloes of different mass and stars of different age and metallicity to the reionization of the Universe. We employ a suite of cosmological multifrequency radiation hydrodynamics AMR simulations that are carefully calibrated to reproduce a realistic reionization history and galaxy properties at $z$ ≥ 6. In our simulations, haloes with mass $10^9\, {\rm M_{\odot }}\, h^{-1}\lt M\lt 10^{10}\, {\rm M_{\odot }}\, h^{-1}$, stars with metallicity $10^{-3}\, \mathrm{Z}_{\odot }\lt Z\lt 10^{-1.5}\, \mathrm{Z}_{\odot }$, and stars with age $3\, {\rm Myr} \lt t \lt 10 \, {\rm Myr}$ dominate reionization by both mass and volume. We show that the sources that reionize most of the volume of the Universe by $z$ = 6 are not necessarily the same sources that dominate the meta-galactic UV background at the same redshift. We further show that in our simulations, the contribution of each type of source to reionization is not uniform across different gas phases. The IGM, CGM, filaments, ISM, and rarefied supernova heated gas have all been photoionized by different classes of sources. Collisional ionization contributes at both the lowest and highest densities. In the early stages of the formation of individual H ii bubbles, reionization proceeds with the formation of concentric shells of gas ionized by different classes of sources, leading to large temperature variations as a function of galacto-centric radius. The temperature structure of individual H ii bubbles may thus give insight into the star formation history of the galaxies acting as the first ionizing sources. Our explorative simulations highlight how the complex nature of reionization can be better understood by using our photon tracer algorithm.
Validation of the corticomedullary difference in magnetic resonance imaging-derived apparent diffusion coefficient for kidney fibrosis detection: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Berchtold Lena , Friedli Iris , Crowe Lindsey A , Martinez Chantal , Moll Solange , Hadaya Karine , de Perrot Thomas , Combescure Christophe , Martin Pierre-Yves , Vallée Jean-Paul , de Seigneux Sophie 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Kidney cortical interstitial fibrosis (IF) is highly predictive of renal prognosis and is currently assessed by the evaluation of a biopsy. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising tool to evaluate kidney fibrosis via the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), but suffers from inter-individual variability. We recently applied a novel MRI protocol to allow calculation of the corticomedullary ADC difference (ΔADC). We here present the validation of ΔADC for fibrosis assessment in a cohort of 164 patients undergoing biopsy and compare it with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and other plasmatic parameters for the detection of fibrosis.

Methods
This monocentric cross-sectional study included 164 patients undergoing renal biopsy at the Nephrology Department of the University Hospital of Geneva between October 2014 and May 2018. Patients underwent diffusion-weighted imaging, and T1 and T2 mappings, within 1 week after biopsy. MRI results were compared with gold standard histology for fibrosis assessment.

Results
Absolute cortical ADC or cortical T1 values correlated poorly to IF assessed by the biopsy, whereas ΔADC was highly correlated to IF (r=−0.52, P &lt; 0.001) and eGFR (r = 0.37, P &lt; 0.01), in both native and allograft patients. ΔT1 displayed a lower, but significant, correlation to IF and eGFR, whereas T2 did not correlate to IF nor to eGFR. ΔADC, ΔT1 and eGFR were independently associated with kidney fibrosis, and their combination allowed detection of extensive fibrosis with good specificity.

Conclusion
ΔADC is better correlated to IF than absolute cortical or medullary ADC values. ΔADC, ΔT1 and eGFR are independently associated to IF and allow the identification of patients with extensive IF.
INVESTIGATION OF APPLICABILITY OF PURE PROPANE GAS FOR MICRODOSIMETRY AT NEUTRON FIELDS: A MONTE CARLO STUDY
Authors: Chattaraj Arghya , Selvam T Palani , Datta D 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Applicability of pure propane gas for microdosimetric measurements in neutron fields was investigated using the FLUKA Monte Carlo code. Monoenergetic neutrons in the energy range 1 keV−20 MeV and the ISO-neutron sources such as 241Am-Be, 241Am-B, 252Cf and 252Cf + D2O were considered in the present study. The tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) simulated in the study was LET-1/2 (by Far West Technology) with site sizes 1, 2 and 8 μm. The study demonstrates that for a given site size, the TEPC filled with tissue-equivalent propane and pure propane gases produce similar microdosimetric distributions when the density of pure propane gas is lowered appropriately. For the ISO-neutron sources, the density of propane gas requires scaling by a factor 0.85. For the monoenergetic neutrons, depending upon the neutron energy, the values of scaling factors are in the range of 0.58–0.93.