bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex-Specific Determinants of Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Pighi Michele , Piazza Nicolo , Martucci Giuseppe , Lachapelle Kevin , Perrault Louis P. , Asgar Anita W. , Lauck Sandra , Webb John G. , Popma Jeffrey J. , Kim Dae H. , Lefèvre Thierry , Labinaz Marino , Lamy Andre , Peterson Mark D. , Arora Rakesh C. , Noiseux Nicolas , Trnkus Amanda , Afilalo Jonathan 
Published: March 2019

Background
Women account for a large proportion of patients treated with transcatheter aortic valve replacement, yet there remain conflicting reports about the effect of sex on outcomes. Moreover, the sex-specific prevalence and prognostic impact of frailty has not been systematically studied in the context of transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Methods and Results
A preplanned analysis of the FRAILTY-AVR study (Frailty Aortic Valve Replacement) was performed to analyze the determinants of outcomes in older women and men undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. FRAILTY-AVR was a multinational, prospective, observational cohort assembled at 14 institutions in North America and Europe from 2012 to 2017. Multivariable logistic regression models were stratified by sex and adjusted for covariates. Interaction between sex and each of these covariates was assessed. The primary outcome was 12-month mortality, and the secondary outcome was 1-month composite mortality or major morbidity. The cohort consisted of 340 women and 419 men. Women were older and had higher predicted risk of mortality. Women were more likely to have physical frailty traits, but not cognitive or psychosocial frailty traits, and global indices of frailty were similarly associated with adverse events regardless of sex. Women were more likely to require discharge to a rehabilitation facility, particularly those with physical frailty at baseline, although their functional status was similar to men at 12 months. The risk of 1-month mortality or major morbidity was greater in women, particularly those treated with larger prostheses. The risk of 12-month mortality was not greater in women, with the exception of those with pulmonary hypertension, in whom, there was a significant interaction for increased mortality.

Conclusions
The present study highlights sex-specific differences in older adults undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement and draws attention to the impact of physical frailty in women and their potential risk associated with oversized prostheses and pulmonary hypertension.
Effect of Dapagliflozin on Heart Failure and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kato Eri T. , Silverman Michael G. , Mosenzon Ofri , Zelniker Thomas A. , Cahn Avivit , Furtado Remo H.M. , Kuder Julia , Murphy Sabina A. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Leiter Lawrence A. , McGuire Darren K. , Wilding John P.H. , Bonaca Marc P. , Ruff Christian T. , Desai Akshay S. , Goto Shinya , Johansson Peter A. , Gause-Nilsson Ingrid , Johanson Per , Langkilde Anna Maria , Raz Itamar , Sabatine Marc S. , Wiviott Stephen D. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
In DECLARE-TIMI 58 (Dapagliflozin Effect on Cardiovascular Events–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 58), the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin reduced the composite end point of cardiovascular death/hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) in a broad population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the impact of baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) on the clinical benefit of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition is unknown.

Methods:
In the DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial, baseline heart failure (HF) status was collected from all patients, and EF was collected when available. HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) was defined as EF <45%. Outcomes of interest were the composite of cardiovascular death/HHF, its components, and all-cause mortality.

Results:

Of 17 160 patients, 671 (3.9%) had HFrEF, 1316 (7.7%) had HF without known reduced EF, and 15 173 (88.4%) had no history of HF at baseline. Dapagliflozin reduced cardiovascular death/HHF more in patients with HFrEF (hazard ratio [HR], 0.62 [95% CI, 0.45–0.86]) than in those without HFrEF (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.76–1.02];
P
for interaction=0.046), in whom the treatment effect of dapagliflozin was similar in those with HF without known reduced EF (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.66–1.17]) and those without HF (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.74–1.03]). Whereas dapagliflozin reduced HHF both in those with (HR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.43–0.95]) and in those without HFrEF (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.62–0.92]), it reduced cardiovascular death only in patients with HFrEF (HR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.34–0.90]) but not in those without HFrEF (HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.89–1.31];
P
for interaction=0.012). Likewise, dapagliflozin reduced all-cause mortality in patients with HFrEF (HR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.40–0.88;) but not in those without HFrEF (HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.86–1.10];
P
for interaction=0.016).

Conclusions:
In the first sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor cardiovascular outcome trial to evaluate patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus stratified by EF, we found that dapagliflozin reduced HHF in patients with and without HFrEF and reduced cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality in patients with HFrEF.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01730534.
FİNANSAL SEKTÖR GELİŞİMİ, TİCARİ AÇIKLIK VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: YÜKSELEN PİYASA VE GELİŞMEKTE OLAN EKONOMİLER PANEL-VAR ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: CANBALOĞLU Bilge , GÜRGÜN Gözde 
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada, yükselen piyasa ve gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde finansal sektör gelişimi, ticari açıklık ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Abrigo ve Love (2015)’in Panel Vektör Otoregresif yaklaşımı 86 ülkeden oluşan bir örnekleme, 1998-2016 dönemi için uygulanmıştır. Çalışmaya dahil edilen ülkeler gelir seviyelerine göre düşük ve alt-orta gelir ile üst-orta ve yüksek gelirli olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Böylelikle gelir seviyesindeki farklılaşmanın değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkilerini nasıl etkilediği araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın ampirik bulguları, düşük ve alt-orta gelir ülke grubunda ekonomik büyümeden ticari açıklığa ve ticari açıklıktan finansal sektör gelişimine doğru nedensellik ilişkileri olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, düşük ve alt-orta gelir ülke grubu için finansal sektör gelişimi ekonomik büyümenin önemli bir belirleyicisi olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar, üst-orta ve yüksek ülke grubu için de ekonomik büyümeden ticari açıklığa ve ticari açıklıktan finansal sektör gelişimine doğru Granger-nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğuna dair kanıt sunmaktadır
Forecasting High-Impact Weather in Landfalling Tropical Cyclones Using a Warn-on-Forecast System
Authors: Jones Thomas , Skinner Patrick , Yussouf Nusrat , Knopfmeier Kent , Reinhart Anthony , Dowell David 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLandfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) are among the greatest natural threats to life and property in the United States, since they can produce multiple hazards associated with convective storms over a wide region. Of these hazards, tornadoes within TC rainbands pose a particularly difficult forecast problem owing to their rapid evolution and their frequent occurrence coincident with additional hazards, such as flash flooding and damaging winds. During the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season, Hurricanes Harvey and Irma impacted the continental United States, causing significant loss of life and billions of dollars in property damage. Application of the Warn-on-Forecast (WoF) concept of short-term, probabilistic guidance of convective hazards (Stensrud et al. 2009, 2013), including the potential for tornadoes within TCs, offers the ability to provide forecasters with valuable tools for prioritizing the relative risk from multiple convective threats and effectively communicating them to the public.
The Role of the Divergent Circulation for Large-Scale Eddy Momentum Transport in the Tropics. Part II: Dynamical Determinants of the Momentum Flux
Authors: Zurita-Gotor Pablo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates the coupling between the rotational and divergent circulations aiming to explain the observations that show that the tropical eddy momentum flux is due to correlations between divergent eddy meridional velocities and rotational eddy zonal velocities. A simple linear model in which the observed eddy divergence field is used to force the vorticity equation can reproduce quite well the observed tropical eddy momentum flux. The eddy momentum flux in the model shows little sensitivity to the basic-state winds and is mainly determined by the characteristics of the divergent forcing. Vortex stretching and divergent advection of planetary vorticity produce eddy momentum flux contributions with the same sign but the former forcing dominates. It is shown that the main factor affecting the direction of the eddy momentum flux response to both forcings is the meridional tilt of the divergence phase lines, albeit with an opposite sign to the classical relation between rotational momentum flux and streamfunction phase tilt. How this divergent structure is determined remains an open question.
Mechanisms of Eddy-Driven Variability of the Florida Current
Authors: Domingues Ricardo M. , Johns William E. , Meinen Christopher S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, mechanisms causing year-to-year changes in the Florida Current seasonality are investigated using controlled realistic numerical experiments designed to isolate the western boundary responses to westward-propagating open ocean signals. The experiments reveal two distinct processes by which westward-propagating signals can modulate the phase of the Florida Current variability, which we refer to as the “direct” and “indirect” response mechanisms. The direct response mechanism involves a two-stage response to open ocean anticyclonic eddies characterized by the direct influence of Rossby wave barotropic anomalies and baroclinic wall jets that propagate through Northwest Providence Channel. In the indirect response mechanism, open ocean signals act as small perturbations to the stochastic Gulf Stream variability downstream, which are then transmitted upstream to the Florida Straits through baroclinic coastally trapped signals that can rapidly travel along the U.S. East Coast. Experiments indicate that westward-propagating eddies play a key role in modulating the phase of the Florida Current variability, but not the amplitude, which is determined by its intrinsic variability in our simulations. Results from this study further suggest that the Antilles Current may act as a semipermeable barrier to incoming signals, favoring the interaction through the indirect response mechanism. The mechanisms reported here can be potentially linked to year-to-year changes in the seasonality of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and may also be present in other western boundary current systems.
Deconstructing Digital Currency and Its Risks: Why ASIC Must Rise to the Regulatory Challenge
Authors: Latimer Paul , Duffy Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDigital currency is a ‘disrupter’ of financial services and currency markets, and as such presents new regulatory challenges. International regulatory responses to digital currency range from being largely ignored in some jurisdictions to being banned in others, with most jurisdictions charting a middle course of ‘wait and see’ while attempting to deal with pressing issues (such as taxation liability and potential money laundering and terrorism financing issues). This article explains digital currency, its benefits, its problems, its risks and the regulatory response so far. It analyses the extent to which the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC, the national securities regulator) may or may not have regulatory power and jurisdiction under existing Australian law, and the role of other relevant regulators and institutions. It concludes that digital currency may well be a ‘financial product’ under Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) s 763A (though many suppliers/issuers of that product will be website operators located outside Australia). If it is a financial product, ASIC would also have jurisdiction over issuers and markets that trade in that product. This conclusion could easily be fortified by legislative confirmation; however, it is suggested that ASIC should in all events test its powers to determine whether any legislative change is needed. Regulation by ASIC would add to recent moves to deal with digital currency by the Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC) and the Australian Taxation Office (ATO). In all cases, this article argues that the time has come for Commonwealth regulation of digital currencies by ASIC as the relevant regulator. This would then trigger the obligations set out in the Corporations Act and the ASIC Act, including Australian Financial Services Licensing, Australian Market Licensing, standards of efficiency, honesty and fairness, disclosure provisions, possible market offences and corporate regulation generally. The suggested jurisdiction of ASIC would build on its existing role as well as the roles of the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, the ATO and AUSTRAC.
Application of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone–ferrosoferric oxide nanoparticles in targeted imaging of breast tumors
Authors: Nian Di , Shi Peng , Sun Junjie , Ren Li , Hao Xiaona , Han Junwei 
Published: March 2019

Background Ferrosoferric oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are a commonly used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reagent. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) is highly expressed on the surfaces of tumors, but its expression is low or absent in the corresponding normal tissues, allowing it to be used for targeted imaging and treatment. Methods We prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles using a chemical co-precipitation method, performed coupling with chitosan to prepare LHRH-Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and explored the application value of LHRH-Fe3O4 nanoparticles in targeted imaging and treatment of breast tumors through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results The particle size of the LHRH-Fe3O4 nanoparticles was 10 nm, and they could be taken in by human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The nanomaterial had low cytotoxicity. In vivo MRI experiments showed that LHRH-Fe3O4 could effectively concentrate on the tumor under the action of a magnetic field. It also had a good negative enhancement effect that significantly reduced the signal intensity of the T2 field, allowing it to be used as a contrast agent of the T2 field. Conclusion LHRH-Fe3O4 nanoparticles serve the purpose of targeting contrast agents to target sites and are expected to be used for targeted imaging and treatment of cancers with high LHRH expression.
Keeping secrets: how children in foster care manage stigma
Authors: Dansey Diane , Shbero Danielle , John Mary 
Published: March 2019

This article follows on from ‘How children in foster care engage with loyalty conflict: presenting a model of processes informing loyalty’ ( Dansey, John and Shbero, 2018 ), published in the previous edition of this journal. This model highlighted the themes of stigma and secrecy for children in care, which it was felt warranted further consideration in their own right. The current article shares further quotations from the children in relation to these themes, which add to the evidence of what children are saying in relation to stigma and bullying. Most importantly, it presents this topic in a manner that stimulates thought around the implications of what children are saying for their broader mental health and resilience and what might therefore be most supportive.  Children in foster care are subject to stigma in relation to being in care and not living with their birth parents. The impact of this is important to explore, especially for those who already experience higher levels of disadvantage than other children. Themes of stigma and secrecy emerged from a recent grounded theory study that was conducted with 15 children and young people in foster care ( Dansey, John and Shbero, 2018 ). These quotations highlighted how stigma was being internalised by children, how they had experienced, or believed that their care status would lead to, bullying and how some of them described keeping their foster care status a secret as a result. This article seeks to share the voices of these children, look at the existing literature in this area and consider the possible impact that stigma and secrecy may have on them. Implications for practice are discussed and the need for more targeted research is highlighted.
Impact of Preoperative Symptoms and Revascularized Arterial Segment in Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Authors: Baubeta Fridh Erik , Andersson Manne , Thuresson Marcus , Nordanstig Joakim , Falkenberg Mårten 
Published: March 2019

Background: Little is known about the relative impact of the preoperative symptoms rest pain and tissue loss, and of the arterial segment revascularized, on amputation rate and mortality in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). We wanted to investigate this topic further. Method: This population-based observational cohort study involved 10 419 patients revascularized for CLTI in Sweden, 2008 to 2013. Data were collected from health-care registries and medical records. The effect of preoperative symptoms and revascularized arteries was determined using Cox regression models. A competing risk analysis was used to determine the effect of symptoms on the combined endpoint “amputation or death”. Results: The amputation rate during a mean follow-up of 2 years was 7.5% in patients with rest pain, 15.6% in patients with tissue loss only, and 20.1% when both symptoms were present. Mortality was 39% lower in patients with rest pain only than in those with both symptoms. Revascularizations targeted the aortoiliac, femoropopliteal, and infrapopliteal segments in 19.4%, 76.8%, and 30.6%, respectively. Distal revascularizations were associated with a higher amputation rate, but this difference disappeared after adjustment for comorbidities. Aortoiliac revascularizations were associated with high mortality. Competing risk analysis showed that mortality became the major determinant of amputation-free survival outcomes from 1 year after revascularization. Conclusions: Tissue loss implies a clearly worse prognosis compared to rest pain for patients with CLTI. Most revascularizations for CLTI are done in the femoropopliteal segment. Infrapopliteal procedures are associated with a higher amputation rate, whereas aortoiliac revascularizations are associated with higher mortality.
Evaluating the Impact of Human Factors and Pen Needle Design on Insulin Pen Injection
Authors: Rini Christopher , Roberts Bruce C. , Morel Didier , Klug Rick , Selvage Benjamin , Pettis Ronald J. 
Published: March 2019

Background: Limited published data exists quantifying the influence of human factors (HF) and pen needle (PN) design on delivery outcomes of pen injection systems. This preclinical in vivo study examines the impact of PN hub design and applied force against the skin during injection on needle penetration depth (NPD). Method: To precisely locate injection depth, PN injections (20 µl; 2 IU, U-100 volume equivalent) of iodinated contrast agent were administered to the flank of Yorkshire swine across a range of clinically relevant application forces against the skin (0.25, 0.75, 1.25, and 2.0 lbf). The NPD, representing in vivo needle tip depth in SC tissue, from four 32 G × 4 mm PN devices (BD Nano™ 2nd Gen and three commercial posted-hub PN devices; n = 75/device/force, 1200 total) was measured by fluoroscopic imaging of the resulting depot. Results: The reengineered hub design more closely achieved the 4 mm target NPD with significantly less variability ( P = .006) than commercial posted-hub PN devices across the range of applied injection forces. Calculations of IM (intramuscular) injection risk completed through in silico probability model, using NPD and average human tissue thickness measurements, displayed a commensurate reduction (~2-8x) compared to conventional PN hub designs. Conclusions: Quantifiable differences in injection depth were observed between identical labeled length PN devices indicating that hub design features, coupled with aspects of variable injection technique, may influence injection depth accuracy and consistency. The reengineered hub design may reduce the impact of unintended individual technique differences by improving target injection depth consistency and reducing IM injection potential.
Effect of chronic opioid therapy on pain and survival in a humanized mouse model of sickle cell disease
Authors: Tran Huy , Sagi Varun , Leonce Song-Naba Waogwende , Wang Ying , Mittal Aditya , Lamarre Yann , Zhang Lei , Gupta Kalpna 
Published: March 2019

Key Points
Chronic morphine treatment leads to decreased survival in control mice, but not in sickle mice. Chronic morphine treatment leads to hyperalgesia in sickle mice, but does not lead to analgesic tolerance.
Effects of combined training with different intensities on vascular health in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 1-year randomized controlled trial
Authors: Magalhães João P. , Melo Xavier , Correia Inês R. , Ribeiro Rogério T. , Raposo João , Dores Hélder , Bicho Manuel , Sardinha Luís B. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background
Exercise, when performed on a regular basis, is a well-accepted strategy to improve vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the exercise intensity that yields maximal adaptations on structural and functional indices in patients with type 2 diabetes remains uncertain. Our objective was to analyze the impact of a 1-year randomized controlled trial of combined high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with resistance training (RT) vs. a combined moderate continuous training (MCT) with RT on structural and functional arterial indices in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
Patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 80) were randomized into an exercise intervention with three groups: control, combined HIIT with RT and combined MCT with RT. The 1-year intervention had 3 weekly exercise sessions. High-resolution ultrasonography of the common carotid artery and central and peripheral applanation tonometry were used to assess the changes in structural and functional arterial indices. Generalized estimating equations were used to model the corresponding outcomes.

Results
After adjusting the models for sex, baseline moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and mean arterial pressure changes, while using the intention-to-treat analysis, a significant interaction was observed on the carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) for both the MCT (β = − 4.25, p < 0.01) and HIIT group (β = − 3.61, p < 0.01). However, only the HIIT observed favorable changes from baseline to 1-year on peripheral arterial stiffness indices such as carotid radial arterial pulse wave velocity (β = − 0.10, p = 0.044), carotid to distal posterior tibial artery pulse wave velocity (β = − 0.14, p < 0.01), and on the distensibility coefficient (β = − 0.00, p < 0.01). No effect was found for hemodynamic variables after the intervention.

Conclusions
Following a 1-year intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes, both the MCT and HIIT group reduced their cIMT, whereas only the HIIT group improved their peripheral arterial stiffness indices and distensibility coefficient. Taken together, HIIT may be a meaningful tool to improve long-term vascular complications in type 2 diabetes.
Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03144505