bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The American College of Surgeons Entering Resident Readiness Assessment Program
Authors: Sullivan Maura E. , Park Yoon Soo , Liscum Kathy , Sachdeva Ajit K. , Blair Patrice Gabler , Gesbeck Melissa , Bordage Georges 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
To assess the readiness of entering residents for clinical responsibilities, the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Division of Education developed the “Entering Resident Readiness Assessment” (ACS-ERRA) Program.

Summary Background:
ACS-ERRA is an online formative assessment that uses a key features approach to measure clinical decision-making skills and focuses on cases encountered at the beginning of residency. Results can be used to develop learning plans to address areas that may need reinforcement.

Methods:
A national panel of 16 content experts, 3 medical educators, and a psychometrician developed 98 short, key features cases. Each case required medical knowledge to be applied appropriately at challenging decision points during case management. Four pilot testing studies were conducted sequentially to gather validity evidence.

Results:
Residents from programs across the United States participated in the studies (n = 58, 20, 87, 154, respectively). Results from the pilot studies enabled improvements after each pilot test. For the psychometric pilot (final pilot test), 2 parallel test forms of the ACS-ERRA were administered, each containing 40 cases, resulting in overall mean testing time of 2 hours 2 minutes (SD = 43 min). The mean test score was 61% (SD = 9%) and the G-coefficient reliability was 0.90.

Conclusions:
Results can be used to identify strengths and weaknesses in residents’ decision-making skills and yield valuable information to create individualized learning plans. The data can also support efforts directed at the transition into residency training and inform discussions about levels of supervision. In addition, surgery program directors can use the aggregate test results to make curricular changes.
In silicodesign of glyco-D,L-peptide antiviral molecules
Authors: Agostini Luigi , Morosetti Stefano 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundmost licensed antiviral drugs are nucleoside analogs. A recent research focuses on blocking a virus from entering the cells in the viral cell adsorption/entry stage. In this entry mechanism the glycans present on the viral surface play a fundamental role. Homochiral L-peptides acting this fusion mechanism have shown some inhibition of viral infection. Peptides with regularly alternating enantiomeric sequence (L,D-peptides) can assume structures, which are not accessible to the corresponding homochiral molecules. Further, L,D-peptides are less sensitive to the enzymatic digestion.Aimin silicodesign a L,D-peptide with a high affinity for the viral surface glycans, and consequently able to interfere with its fusion mechanism.Methodsa 3α,6α-Mannopentaose (3-6MP) molecule was used to simulate a viral surface glycan. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of 3-6MP and D,L-peptide in water are performed using the force field AMBER12-GLYCAM06i. The binding constant was evaluated from trajectories. The D,L-peptide molecule was modified over the sequence, the length, the terminals and finally glycosylated to attain a very high binding constant value for 3-6MP.In addition, the specific interaction between T lymphocyte CD4 glycoprotein and HIV envelope gp120 glycoprotein was studied through MD simulations between a D,L-peptide, bounded to a typical CD4 glycan, and a highly conserved HIV gp120 glycan.Resultsin the case of interaction with 3-6MP molecule, the very effective molecule obtained was H-D-Trp-L-Pro-D-Asn-L-Pro-D-Trp-L-Pro-D-Asn-L-Pro-OH where the Asn residues in position 3 and 7 are glycosylated with alpha-D-Mannopyranosyl-(1->3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->6)]-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1-OH.In the case of interaction with HIV envelope, the very effective molecule obtained, able to antagonize the CD4 glycoprotein, was H-D-Trp-L-Pro-D-Asn-L-Pro-D-Trp-L-Pro-D-Asn-L-Pro-OH where the Asn residue in position 3 is glycosylated with alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-Mannopyranosyl-(1->3)-[alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-Mannopyranosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1-OHConclusionthese glycosylated D,L-peptide molecules are very promising representatives of a new class of antiviral agents.
Impairment but not abolishment of express saccades after unilateral- or bilateral cryogenic FEF inactivation
Authors: Dash Suryadeep , Peel Tyler R. , Lomber Stephen G. , Corneil Brian D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractExpress saccades (ESs) are a manifestation of a visual grasp reflex triggered when visual information arrives in the intermediate layers of the superior colliculus (SCi), which in turn orchestrates the lower level brainstem saccade generator to evoke a saccade with a very short latency (∼100ms). A prominent theory regarding express saccades generation is that they are facilitated by preparatory signals, presumably from cortical areas, which prime the SCi prior to the arrival of visual information. Here, we test this theory by reversibly inactivating a key cortical input to the SCi, the frontal eye fields (FEF), while monkeys perform an oculomotor task that promotes ES generation. Across three tasks with a different combination of potential target locations and uni- or bilateral FEF inactivation, we found a spared ability for monkeys to generate ESs, despite decreases in ES frequency during FEF inactivation. This result is consistent with the FEF having a facilitatory but not critical role in ES generation, likely because other cortical areas compensate for the loss of preparatory input to the SCi. However, we did find decreases in the accuracy and peak velocity of ESs generated during FEF inactivation, which argues for an influence of the FEF on the saccadic burst generator even during ESs. Overall, our results shed further light on the role of the FEF in the shortest-latency visually-guided eye movements.New & NoteworthyExpress saccades (ESs) are the shortest-latency visually-guided saccade. The frontal eye fields (FEF) is thought to promote ES by establishing the necessary preconditions in the superior colliculus. Here, by reversibly inactivate the FEF either unilaterally or bilaterally, we support this view by showing that the FEF plays an assistive but not critical role in ES generation. We also found that FEF inactivation lowered ES peak velocity, emphasizing a contribution of the FEF to ES kinematics.
Noise in neurons and synapses enables reliable associative memory storage in local cortical circuits
Authors: Zhang Chi , Zhang Danke , Stepanyants Armen 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTNeural networks in the brain can function reliably despite various sources of errors and noise present at every step of signal transmission. These sources include errors in the presynaptic inputs to the neurons, noise in synaptic transmission, and fluctuations in the neurons’ postsynaptic potentials. Collectively they lead to errors in the neurons’ outputs which are, in turn, injected into the network. Does unreliable network activity hinder fundamental functions of the brain, such as learning and memory retrieval? To explore this question, this article examines the effects of errors and noise on properties of biologically constrained networks of inhibitory and excitatory neurons involved in associative sequence learning. The associative learning problem is solved analytically and numerically, and it is also shown how memory sequences can be loaded into the network with a more biologically plausible perceptron-type learning rule. Interestingly, the results reveal that errors and noise during learning increase the probability of memory recall. There is a tradeoff between the capacity and reliability of stored memories, and, noise during learning is required for optimal retrieval of stored information. What is more, networks loaded with associative memories to capacity display many structural and dynamical features observed in local cortical circuits. Due to the similarities between the associative and brain networks, this article predicts that the connections originating from unreliable inhibitory and excitatory neurons or neuron classes in the cortex must be depressed or eliminated during learning, while the connections onto noisy neurons or neuron classes must have lower probabilities and higher weights.
Tracking human population structure through time from whole genome sequences
Authors: Wang Ke , Mathieson Iain , O’Connell Jared , Schiffels Stephan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe genetic diversity of humans, like many species, has been shaped by a complex pattern of population separations followed by isolation and subsequent admixture. This pattern, reaching at least as far back as the appearance of our species in the paleontological record, has left its traces in our genomes. Reconstructing a population’s history from these traces is a challenging problem. Here we present a novel approach based on the Multiple Sequentially Markovian Coalescent (MSMC) to analyse the population separation history. Our approach, called MSMC-IM, uses an improved implementation of the MSMC (MSMC2) to estimate coalescence rates within and across pairs of populations, and then fits a continuous Isolation-Migration model to these rates to obtain a time-dependent estimate of gene flow. We show, using simulations, that our method can identify complex demographic scenarios involving post-split admixture or archaic introgression. We apply MSMC-IM to whole genome sequences from 15 worldwide populations, tracking the process of human genetic diversification. We detect traces of extremely deep ancestry between some African populations, with around 1% of ancestry dating to divergences older than a million years ago.Author SummaryHuman demographic history is reflected in specific patterns of shared mutations between the genomes from different populations. Here we aim to unravel this pattern to infer population structure through time with a new approach, called MSMC-IM. Based on estimates of coalescence rates within and across populations, MSMC-IM fits a time-dependent migration model to the pairwise rate of coalescences. We implemented this approach as an extension to existing software (MSMC2), and tested it with simulations exhibiting different histories of admixture and gene flow. We then applied it to the genomes from 15 worldwide populations to reveal their pairwise separation history ranging from a few thousand up to several million years ago. Among other results, we find evidence for remarkably deep population structure in some African population pairs, suggesting that deep ancestry dating to one million years ago and older is still present in human populations in small amounts today.
The non-dominant AAA+ ring in the ClpAP protease functions as an anti-stalling motor to accelerate protein unfolding and translocation
Authors: Kotamarthi Hema Chandra , Sauer Robert. T. , Baker Tania. A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractATP-powered unfoldases containing D1 and D2 AAA+ rings play important roles in protein homeostasis, but uncertainty about the function of each ring remains. Here we use single-molecule optical-tweezers to assay mechanical unfolding and translocation by a variant of the ClpAP protease containing an ATPase-inactive D1 ring. This variant displays substantial mechanical defects both in unfolding and translocation of protein substrates. Notably, when D1 is hydrolytically inactive, ClpAP often stalls for times as long as minutes, and the substrate can “back-slip” through the enzyme when ATP concentrations are low. The inactive D1 variant also has substantially more difficulty traveling in the N-to-C direction on a polypeptide track than moving C-to-N. These results indicate that D1 normally functions as an auxiliary/regulatory motor to promote uninterrupted enzyme advancement that is fueled largely by the D2 ring.
Neuronal network dysfunction in a human model for Kleefstra syndrome mediated by enhanced NMDAR signaling
Authors: Frega Monica , Linda Katrin , Keller Jason M. , Gümüş-Akay Güvem , Mossink Britt , van Rhijn Jon-Ruben , Negwer Moritz , Gunnewiek Teun Klein , Foreman Katharina , Kompier Nine , Schoenmaker Chantal , van den Akker Willem , Oudakker Astrid , Zhou Huiqing , Kleefstra Tjitske , Schubert Dirk , van Bokhoven Hans , Kasri Nael Nadif 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEpigenetic regulation of gene transcription plays a critical role in neural network development and in the etiology of Intellectual Disability (ID) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, little is known about the mechanisms by which epigenetic dysregulation leads to neural network defects. Kleefstra syndrome (KS), caused by mutation in the histone methyltransferase EHMT1, is a neurodevelopmental disorder with the clinical features of both ID and ASD. To study the impact of decreased EHMT1 function in human cells, we generated excitatory cortical neurons from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells derived from KS patients. In addition, we created an isogenic set by genetically editing healthy iPS cells. Characterization of the neurons at the single-cell and neuronal network level revealed consistent discriminative properties that distinguished EHMT1-mutant from wildtype neurons. Mutant neuronal networks exhibited network bursting with a reduced rate, longer duration, and increased temporal irregularity compared to control networks. We show that these changes were mediated by the upregulation of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) subunit 1 and correlate with reduced deposition of the repressive H3K9me2 mark, the catalytic product of EHMT1, at the GRIN1 promoter. Furthermore, we show that EHMT1 deficiency in mice leads to similar neuronal network impairments and increased NMDAR function. Finally, we could rescue the KS patient-derived neuronal network phenotypes by pharmacological inhibition of NMDARs. Together, our results demonstrate a direct link between EHMT1 deficiency in human neurons and NMDAR hyperfunction, providing the basis for a more targeted therapeutic approach to treating KS.
Systematic Comparison of High-throughput Single-Cell and Single-Nucleus Transcriptomes during Cardiomyocyte Differentiation
Authors: Selewa Alan , Dohn Ryan , Eckart Heather , Lozano Stephanie , Xie Bingqing , Gauchat Eric , Elorbany Reem , Rhodes Katherine , Burnett Jonathan , Gilad Yoav , Pott Sebastian , Basu Anindita 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTA comprehensive reference map of all cell types in the human body is necessary for improving our understanding of fundamental biological processes and in diagnosing and treating disease. High-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have emerged as powerful tools to identify and characterize cell types in complex and heterogeneous tissues. However, extracting intact cells from tissues and organs is often technically challenging or impossible, for example in heart or brain tissue. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing provides an alternative way to obtain transcriptome profiles of such tissues. To systematically assess the differences between high-throughput single-cell and single-nuclei RNA-seq approaches, we compared Drop-seq and DroNc-seq, two microfluidic-based 3’ RNA capture technologies that profile total cellular and nuclear RNA, respectively, during a time course experiment of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiating into cardiomyocytes. Clustering of time-series transcriptomes from Drop-seq and DroNc-seq revealed six distinct cell types, five of which were found in both techniques. Furthermore, single-cell trajectories reconstructed from both techniques reproduced expected differentiation dynamics. We then applied DroNc-seq to postmortem heart tissue to test its performance on heterogeneous human tissue samples. We compared the detected cell types from primary tissue with iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes profiled with DroNc-seq. Our data confirm that DroNc-seq yields similar results to Drop-seq on matched samples and can be successfully used to generate reference maps for the human cell atlas.
Study on multi-loop control strategy of three-shaft gas turbine for electricity generation
Authors: Zhang Zilai , Zang Shusheng , Ge Bing 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to develop a dynamic performance model of three-shaft gas turbine for electricity generation and to study a multi-loop control strategy of three-shaft gas turbine for electricity generation.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the dynamic performance model of the three-shaft gas turbine is established and developed. A novel approach, variable partial differential coefficient deviation linearization method is used to simulate the dynamic performance of the three-shaft gas turbine. Single-loop control system, feed-forward feedback control system and cascade system are assessed to control the engine during transient operation.FindingsA novel approach, variable partial differential coefficient deviation linearization method is used to simulate the dynamic performance of the three-shaft gas turbine. According to the results shown, the cascade control system is most satisfactory due to its fastest response and the best stability and robustness.Originality/valueThe method of variable partial linearization is adopted to make the dynamic simulation of the model achieve higher precision, better steady state and less computation time. This paper provides a theoretical study for the multi-loop control system of a marine three-shaft gas turbine.
Aircraft flow angles calibration via observed-based wind estimation
Authors: Schettini Francesco , Di Rito Gianpietro , Denti Eugenio 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a novel approach, in which the reference data for the flow angles calibration are obtained by using measurements coming from an inertial navigation system and an air data sensor.

Design/methodology/approach
This is obtained by using the Kalman filter theory for the evaluation of the reference angle-of-attack and angle-of-sideslip.

Findings
The designed Kalman filter has been implemented in Matlab/Simulink and validated using flight data coming from two very different aircraft, the Piaggio Aerospace P1HH medium altitude long endurance unmanned aerial system and the Alenia-Aermacchi M346 Master™ transonic trainer. This paper illustrates some results where the filter satisfactory behaviour is verified by comparing the filter outputs with the data coming from high-accuracy nose-boom vanes.

Practical implications
The methodology aims to lower the calibration costs of the air data systems of an advanced aircraft.

Originality/value
The calibration of air-data systems for the evaluation of the flow angles is based on the availability of high-accuracy reference measurements of angle-of-attack and angle-of-sideslip. Typically, these are obtained by auxiliary sensors directly providing the reference angles (e.g. nose-boom vanes). The proposed methodology evaluates the reference angle-of-attack and angle-of-sideslip by analytically reconstructing them using calibrated airspeed measurements and inertial data.
Entrepreneurial intentions: trust and network ties in online and face-to-face students
Authors: Pérez-Macías Noemí , Fernández-Fernández José Luis , Rua Vieites Antonio 
Published: March 2019

PurposeBased on Azjen’s (1991) theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this paper is to complement the existing body of knowledge on entrepreneurial intentions (EIs) by comparing two different university environments in Spain (online and face-to-face) and their impact on EIs of university students using two components of social capital (SC), trust and network ties as variables with influence on the antecedents of EIs.Design/methodology/approachA survey was administered to online and face-to-face students yielding a total sample of 302 and 204, respectively. Partial least square–structural equation modeling is the technique employed to perform the analysis.FindingsSC has a significant influence on EIs in both environments with greater effects online, as a consequence of the mediated role played by network ties between trust and the attitude toward the behavior, the subjective norm and consequently, EIs.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors used a cross-sectional method. However, it would be interesting to obtain longitudinal data to provide a more valid support for the study.Practical implicationsThis study provides insight into the important role played by network ties based on trust in the entrepreneurship process and in the university environment.Originality/valueThis study contributes to understanding the differential impact of SC (trust and network ties) on the antecedents of EIs between the students enrolled in different university environments using two non-parametric techniques Henseler’s multigroup analysis and the permutation test.
Postgraduate work-based learning: a qualitative study
Authors: Stewart Victoria , Campbell Matthew , McMillan Sara S. , Wheeler Amanda J. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of students and teachers who had participated in a postgraduate work-based praxis course within a Master of mental health practice qualification.

Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative study used an interpretative phenomenological approach to understand the lived experience of students and course convenors participating in a work-based praxis course. Seven students and two convenors were recruited. Interview and reflective portfolio data were analysed thematically.

Findings
The main themes identified were the importance of planning, the value of partnerships, the significance of learning in the workplace and how the facilitation of work-based learning differs from coursework.

Originality/value
Work-based learning within postgraduate coursework qualifications can support higher-level learning, knowledge and skills has received limited attention in the literature. This study supported the value of providing postgraduate students with work-based learning opportunities, resulting in the application of new or advanced skills, within their existing work roles. This study is important, because it provides insights into the student experience of postgraduate work-based learning and the impact of this learning on professional practice.
Effects of work value orientation and academic major satisfaction on career decision-making self-efficacy
Authors: Doo Min Young , Park Sung Hee 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
An increasing number of students delay graduation or graduate without a job, because they are not ready to make a career decision. In addition, the growing number of young adults who are not in education, employment or training (NEET) has become a social concern in South Korea. To facilitate career decision-making of undergraduates, this study examined the effects of work value orientation and academic major orientation on career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE). The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships among South Korean undergraduates’ intrinsic work value orientation, extrinsic work value orientation, academic major satisfaction and CDMSE.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the literature review, this study tested a research model using structural equation modeling with survey results of 217 undergraduates.

Findings
The research results indicated that intrinsic work value orientation influenced academic major satisfaction and CDMSE. However, extrinsic work value orientation turned out to influence neither academic major satisfaction nor CDMSE. Academic major satisfaction also seemed to affect the CDMSE of the students in this study.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the field of career development by explaining the significance of undergraduates’ intrinsic work value orientation and academic major satisfaction on career decision-making. Whereas most research has focused on the effects of CDMSE, this study investigated the factors that influence undergraduates’ CDMSE.