bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrophile Alkaline Phosphatase Changes in Tularemia, Sandfly Fever, Q Fever and Noninfectious Fevers
Authors: BEISEL WILLIAM R. , Shepel Sophie , Long Ray F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Responses of neutrophile AP were studied in volunteers during induced tularemia, Q fever, sandfly fever, and during artificial hyperthermia and endotoxin fever. Symptoms of typical early tularemia were accompanied by a slight increase in the neutrophile count and AP index. The latter continued to rise slowly and eventually became maximal 5 days after the height of clinical illness, long after fever and leukocytosis had disappeared. Similar but less obvious changes occurred after mild tularemia and after typical early Q fever. A transient rise of neutrophile AP occurred only at the onset of fever and neutropenia in sandfly fever. An early fall in neutrophile AP after endotoxin administration was confirmed; this was followed in turn by a prolonged rise not described heretofore. Despite the stress and leukocytosis of environmentally induced artificial hyperthermia, leukocyte AP did not increase.
Based upon these observations it seemed evident that increased leukocyte AP activity could not be correlated in all circumstances with fever per se, the appearance of band cells, or the magnitude or timing of "stress" as inferred from increased plasma and urinary steroids. Increased neutrophile AP activity in these infections did not seem to be related directly to glucocorticoid excess. Possible factors involved in the induction of neutrophile AP may include the genetic potential of various cell types, coenzyme requirements, hormonal responses, as well as other yet unknown factors associated with acute infection.
Regulatory Mechanisms in the Human Leukocyte
Authors: SILBER ROBERT 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The feedback control of dCMP deaminase, the first enzyme in a biosynthetic sequence of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide interconversions, has been characterized in leukocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of normal subjects and from patients with leukemia. As reported in other systems, dTTP, an end product of the pathway, may function as an allosteric inhibitor of this enzyme, while dCTP, another end product, prevents the dTTP inhibition.
Nucleoside deaminase is present in human leukocytes. Some of its properties are described.
ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS IN NEGROID INFANTS
Authors: WIENER A. S. , WEXLER I. B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Three cases of Negroid infants with clinical signs and symptoms resembling erythroblastosis fetalis were presented. In none of the cases was there any evidence of Rh sensitization. Two of the cases were apparently due to sensitization of the mother to the B agglutinogen; in the third case no serologic incompatibility could be demonstrated. The possible significance of these observations was discussed.
A STUDY OF SICKLING OF YOUNG ERYTHROCYTES IN SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
Authors: WATSON JANET 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Data have been presented to show that most reticulocytes from patients with the sickle cell trait or sickle cell anemia sickle as readily as do more mature red blood cells. The most immature reticulocytes and normoblasts tend to sickle more slowly.
2. Orthochromatic normoblasts were the only type of normoblasts which sickled; the basophilic and polychromatophilic types could not be sickled.
3. It is suggested that the sickle cell forms seen in ordinary stained smears represent old cells which have lost their "elasticity" while stagnating in the sickle shape, and are unable to revert to a biconcave disk. This would explain the fact that these forms are so rarely found to be reticulated when stained with brilliant cresyl blue.
Brief Report: The Isolation of Cytomegalovirus from Peripheral Blood
Authors: HARNDEN D. G. , ELSDALE T. R. , YOUNG D. E. , ROSS A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cytomegalovirus was isolated on two separate occasions from the washed leukocyte fraction of the peripheral blood of an 8-year-old boy with acute lymphatic leukemia. The child, who was treated, showed no other evidence of CMV infection. The relationship between CMV infection and leukemia is discussed.
Recurrent Ecchymoses and Cutaneous Hyperreactivity to Hemoglobin: A Form of Autoerythrocyte Sensitization
Authors: KREMER WILLIAM B. , MENGEL CHARLES E. , NOWLIN JOHN B. , NAGAYA HIROSHI 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with recurrent painful ecchymoses was presented with features similar to those described for patients with autoerythrocyte sensitization. This patient differed in that she was reactive to the red cell hemolysate and purified hemoglobin and not to red cell lipid, red cell stroma, or leukocyte DNA. No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that the abnormal vascular reaction involved an immunologic mechanism. The patient was observed forcibly inducing bruises but not manipulating the skin tests. It was concluded that a cutaneous hyperreactivity to hemoglobin in association with psychological disturbances was responsible for the painful ecchymoses in this patient.
Melphalan in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: HOOGSTRATEN BARTH , SHEEHE PAUL R. , CUTTNER JANET , COOPER TALBERT , KYLE ROBERT A. , OBERFIELD RICHARD A. , TOWNSEND STUART R. , HARLEY JOHN B. , HAYES DONALD M. , COSTA GIOVANNI , HOLLAND JAMES F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A group of 64 myeloma patients was given a loading dose of Melphalan, 0.15 mg./Kg./Dx7. This was followed by a rest period to allow bone marrow recovery to occur, after which maintenance therapy with a maximum of 0.05 mg./Kg./D was started.
2. To obtain good results, drug doses were required which produced significant bone marrow depression.
3. Subjective improvement was noticed in about 65 per cent of patients; objective improvement, in 78 per cent.
4. Fifty-five per cent of the patients had a response as defined in this study.
5. No difference in survival was found between males and females, nor between patients with Bence Jones proteinuria and those without.
6. Patients who have been on treatment for 3 months and were then found to be responders lived longer than similarly treated patients classified as nonresponders.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Authors: BLUM STUART F. , GARDNER FRANK H. , Paci Dominica 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Crude bovine thrombin contains most, if not all, the proteins of bovine serum.
2. The effect of crude bovine thrombin in enhancing the lysis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria erythrocytes has been shown to be an effect on the erythrocytes themselves.
3. By enzyme inactivation, absorption technics and Sephadex chromatography the thrombic clotting activity has been separated from the PNH enhancing activity nullifying any role of thrombic clotting activity in the enhancement of PNH hemolysis by crude bovine thrombin.
Inhibition of Mitosis by Chloramphenicol in Phytohemagglutinin Stimulated Lymphocytes
Authors: PISCIOTTA ANTHONY V. , DEPREY CECELIA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. When lymphocytes from human peripheral blood are treated with phytohemagglutinin, they undergo transformation to blast cells and then divide.
2. When chloramphenicol was added to the culture at the beginning of the experiment, mitosis was delayed but blast transformation was not affected.
3. CAP suppressed mitosis less markedly when added to the culture at 24 and 48 hours and more markedly when added daily.
4. Mitotic index was suppressed in two patients who had aplastic anemia due to CAP, in a manner similar to that observed in presumably normal people.
5. Possible reasons for this drug effect on cell division are discussed.
Effect of Antibody Binding and Agglutination on Human Platelet Glycolysis: Comparison with Thrombin and Epinephrine
Authors: KARPATKIN SIMON , SISKIND GREGORY W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Freshly collected human platelets were washed in a modified human Ringer solution, pH 7.1, and aerobically incubated in the same media for 1 hour in the presence or absence of glucose. The effect of rabbit antihuman platelet antibody or univalent rabbit antihuman platelet antibody fragments (Fab) on platelet glycolysis was determined. Although ATP expenditure and glycogenolytic depletion were noted following platelet agglutination by antibody, these changes were not considered to be of major importance in the in vivo destruction of platelets. Univalent fragments were shown to bind to platelets without causing platelet agglutination or any detectable change in the glycolytic parameters. In contrast, intact platelet antibody resulted in platelet agglutination which was associated with an increase in lactate production and a decrease in ATP levels when platelets were incubated in the absence of glucose. Glucose-6-P levels did not change. When platelets were incubated in the presence of glucose, glucose uptake increased, ATP levels declined and glucose-6-P levels were unchanged. However, the increased glucose uptake was not accompanied by a parallel increase in lactate production as in the case with thrombin or epinephrine-induced agglutination of platelets. It is postulated that platelet antibody activates a glucose-requiring nonglycolytic pathway, perhaps the hexosemonophosphate shunt or the Krebs’ cycle.
Lymphocyte and Granulocyte Enzyme Activity in Patients with Down’s Syndrome
Authors: NADLER HENRY L. , MONTELEONE PATRICIA L. , INOUYE TOHRU , HSIA DAVID YI-YUNG 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Patients with trisomic Down’s syndrome were found to have significant increases of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in both lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes separated from white blood cells by the procedure of Rabinowitz. The alteration in enzyme activities appears not to be directly related to genes located on the chromosome causing Down’s syndrome.
Melphalan Therapy for Plasma Cell Myeloma
Authors: ALEXANIAN RAYMOND , BERGSAGEL DANIEL E. , MIGLIORE PHILIP J. , VAUGHN WILLIAM K. , HOWE CLIFTON D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Of 82 patients with plasma cell myeloma treated with melphalan, 40 (49 per cent) were improved in clinical status and in a direct manifestation of disease. Myeloma protein level provided an important parameter for periodic assessment of disease activity. After effective chemotherapy, myeloma globulins decreased more rapidly and to a greater degree in urine than in serum. Anemia and hypoalbuminemia were improved in most responding patients, thus supporting the usefulness of these parameters in confirming clinical response. Median survival time for all patients was 42 months from symptoms, 34 months from diagnosis, and 23 months from melphalan. The life-span of responding patients was prolonged more than 2 years, a period accounted for by the duration of objective response. Future progress in treatment for plasma cell myeloma will depend more on advances in chemotherapy than upon improvements in supportive care.
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia in Identical Twins and a Sibling
Authors: TOKUHATA GEORGE K. , NEELY CHARLES L. , WILLIAMS DOROTHY L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Identical twins and their older brother have been studied: all diagnosed within a span of three months as having chronic myelocytic leukemia; both twins were symptomatic and the brother asymptomatic. Chromosome analyses were made on peripheral blood cells. The asymptomatic brother had never been treated. The Ph1 chromosome was present in each of the three siblings.
A number of other chromosome abnormalities were found. Results were interpreted in terms of a probable genetic factor in the Philadelphia chromosome and susceptibility to chronic myelocytic leukemia.
Erythropoietin Inhibitor in Kidney Extracts and Plasma from Anemic Uremic Human Subjects
Authors: FISHER JAMES W. , HATCH F. E. , ROH B. L. , ALLEN R. C. , KELLEY B. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. An erythropoietin inhibitor has been demonstrated in human kidney homogenates from two patients with chronic renal insufficiency and two normal human subjects. The level of the inhibitor was significantly higher in the nephritic kidney homogenates than that of the normal kidneys. The ESF inhibitor was found in the soluble cytoplasmic fraction of the kidney, using an osmotic sucrose gradient and differential centrifugation technic. The inhibitor was still present after in vitro dialysis of the kidney soluble fractions and was partially inactivated by boiling.
2. The nuclear and mitochondrial fractions from the normal and nephritic kidneys markedly accentuated the erythropoietic activity of human urinary ESF when injected simultaneously at separate sites in polycythemic mice. The accentuating effects on ESF of the above fractions was significantly less in the nephritic than in the normal kidneys.
3. Flat bed discontinuous acrylamide gel electrophoresis studies on the kidney homogenates revealed a marked increase in the concentration of protein and a decrease in esterase activity in the albumin fractions in the nephritic kidney when compared with those of the normal kidneys. An additional band between the albumin and alpha-1-globulin regions was detected in the nephritic kidney fractions which was not present in the normal kidney fractions. The significance of these observations as they may relate to the inhibitor is discussed.
4. Plasma from five out of six anemic uremic subjects produced a significant inhibition of ESF; while normal human plasma was found to accentuate the erythropoietic effects of ESF.
5. A marked enhancement of the erythropoietic effects of human urinary ESF by human liver homogenate was also seen.
6. It is postulated from these studies that the anemia of chronic renal insufficiency is due, at least in part, to erythroid failure resulting from a lack of available erythropoietin. This deficiency in erythropoietin activity is probably due to an increase in an ESF inhibitor and/or a decrease in a renal erythropoietic factor (REF).
Inhibition of Sulfhydryl-Dependent Platelet Functions by Penetrating and Non-Penetrating Anologues of Parachloromercuribenzene
Authors: ALEDORT LOUIS M. , TROUP STANLEY B. , WEED ROBERT I. , Santillo Patricia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effects of PCMB and PCMBS on cation permeability, ADP aggregation, platelet volume and clot retraction have been studied in intact human platelets and have been compared to the effects of ouabain on the same functions. The influence of these agents on Mg+ + -dependent ATPase activity and Na+, K+ activated ATPase activity of osmotically lysed platelets also has been evaluated. (a) Ouabain, which produces inhibition of Na-, K+ dependent ATPase activity, has no influence on ADP-induced aggregation or clot retraction. (b) Both PCMB and PCMBS inhibit all ATPase activities in osmotically lysed platelets and inhibit ADP aggregation by intact platelets. Cysteine reverses the inhibition of ADP aggregation produced by both PCMB and PCMBS at a time when PCMB induced inhibition of clot retraction no longer is reversible. (c) Clot retraction is inhibited by the penetrating agent, PCMB, but is not affected by identical concentrations of PCMBS. These observations suggest that ADP aggregation and clot retraction are independent phenomena.
Brief Report: Rapid Determination of Vitamin Bl2-Binding α and β 3 Globulin in Serum
Authors: SILVERSTEIN ELLEN , HERBERT VICTOR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A procedure has been described for the rapid and separate measurement of B12-binding α- and β-globulins using the batch technic. The method involves saturating B12-binders with Co57B12, removing excess radioactive B12 with a hemoglobin-coated charcoal pellet, and then separating the B12 binders using a pellet of DEAE cellulose, from which only the β-globulins are eluted in 0.06 M phosphate buffer at pH 6.35.
Immunoglobulin Abnormalities in Gaucher’s Disease Report of 16 Cases
Authors: PRATT PETER W. , ESTREN SOLOMON , KOCHWA SHAUL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sera from ten of sixteen patients with known Gaucher’s disease were found to have immunoglobulin abnormalities. Of these, four patients had "monoclonal" IgG type K protein increases. The possible pathogenic roles of lipid accumulation and reticuloendothelial hyperplasia are discussed.
Splenic Erythroclasia: An Electron Microscopic Study of Hemoglobin H Disease
Authors: WENNBERG EMMA , WEISS LEON 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This is an electron microscopic study of the spleen in a case of hemoglobin H disease. The patient showed evidence in the peripheral blood of marked erythrocyte fragmentation.
The spleen acted upon the abnormal erythrocytes in two major ways:
1. The erythrocytes entered the sinus lumen simultaneously via two intercellular slits on opposite sides of a lining cell and then split into two sphered fragments (which lay free in the sinus lumen) and the long, thin connecting fragment (which was retained in the cordal compartment and phagocytized).
2. Small, dense, spherical portions of erythrocytes were retained in the cord while the major portion of the cell was released into the sinus lumen. This is suggestive of pitting of rigid intracellular precipitates.
The erythrocytes emerged from their passage through the cords and maintained bizarre forms in the sinus lumen. It is possible that the contents of these cells may be partially gelated to account for this.11 This gelation is thought to largely underlie their behavior in their circulation through the spleen. Evidence of increased erythrocytic breakdown was found in the numerous large macrophages present in the cords.
The Use of 32Di-Isopropylfluorophosphate (32DFP) As A Platelet Label: Evidence for Reutilization of This Isotope In Man
Authors: COONEY D. P. , SMITH B. A. , FAWLEY D. E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Certain aspects of 32DFP metabolism in man have been studied. It is probable that about 10 per cent of an injected dose is metabolized and reappears in the platelet. This affects the platelet decay curve after day 8 and may influence data on red and white cell kinetics obtained with this isotope.
Considering the effects of reincorporation of this compound, we have studied twenty normal individuals and have found a mean platelet lifespan of 11.5 days. Statistical analysis supports the concept that the platelet decay curve is linear: platelets are removed from the circulation because of senescence rather than in a random fashion.
The literature on human platelet lifespans is reviewed. Most authors support the concept of a linear decay curve, although the evidence is conflicting and opinions are divided.
Acquired von Willebrand’s Syndrome in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: SIMONE JOSEPH V. , CORNET JO ANN , ABILDGAARD CHARLES F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A boy is described with clinical and laboratory manifestations which were indistinguishable from von Willebrand’s disease. However, the relatively recent onset of symptoms, the negative family history, and the normal coagulation studies in both parents and six siblings led to the belief that the bleeding syndrome was acquired rather than inherited. The patient subsequently developed systemic lupus erythematosus following a smallpox vaccination. The findings of von Willebrand’s syndrome disappeared following corticosteroid therapy and did not return after cessation of therapy.
Subcellular Distribution of Human Leukocytic Cathepsins
Authors: STILES MARY ANN , FRAENKEL-CONRAT JANE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Methods are presented for the disruption of human peripheral leukocytes by sonication and the separation of the released particulate matter by differential centrifugation.
2. The distribution of catheptic activity in the various fractions was investigated both on material obtained from mixed populations of leukocytes and on that from isolated lymphocytes and granulocytes.
3. All of the leukocytic fractions tested contained cathepsins active at pH 3.5 and pH 8.5.
4. At pH 3.5, the catheptic activity was rather evenly distributed among nuclear (I), and light (IV) and heavy (II) granular fractions, with practically no activity in the soluble fraction (V).
5. At pH 8.5, there was always more catheptic activity in the heavier (II) than the lighter (IV) granules, variable amounts in the nuclear fraction (I) and very little in the supernatant (V).
6. At pH 3.5, the lymphocytic granules showed considerably higher proteolytic specific activity than those from granulocytes.
7. At pH 8.5, all fractions except the heavy granules (II) had higher proteolytic specific activities in granulocytes than in lymphocytes.
8. At pH 3.5, and to a lesser extent at pH 8.5, the light (IV) and heavy (II) granules from chronic lymphatic leukemia cells contained much lower cathepic activity than those from normal lymphocytes.
9. Cathepsins in each subcellular fraction are very labile, losing as much as 80 per cent of their activity upon storage at 4 C. overnight in distilled water.
Hemolytic Anemia Associated with Low Erythrocyte ATP
Authors: MILLS GORDON C. , LEVIN WILLIAM C. , ALPERIN JACK B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Studies have been carried out on erythrocytes of a young girl with a severe hemolytic anemia. Biochemically, these cells were characterized by a very high glycolytic rate, a low ATP level, an elevated ADP:ATP ratio, and a markedly increased rate of catabolism of adenine nucleotides to hypoxanthine during incubation in vitro.
Specific enzyme assays of the patient’s cells revealed normal or elevated values for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, glutathione reductase, enolase, adenosine triphosphatase, and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase.
In in vitro incubation studies, addition of adenine to the blood brought about an increase in the ATP level and in total adenine nucleotides. These data suggest that the low ATP level in the patient’s blood was due to increased catabolism of adenine nucleotides, probably as a consequence of markedly increased utilization of ATP by the cell.
Phagocytosis by Human Monocytes
Authors: CLINE MARTIN J. , LEHRER ROBERT I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human monocytes isolated from peripheral blood phagocytized polystyrene particles, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and red cells coated with IgG antibody in vitro. The ingestion of fungi and bacteria required serum or serum fractions. Ingestion of antibody-coated erythrocytes was inhibited by whole serum or IgG, but not by IgM or albumin. Adherence to a surface appeared to be critical for erythrophagocytosis but not for ingestion of bacteria.
Phagocytosis occurred over a broad pH range and in the presence of inhibitors of oxidative metabolism and of RNA synthesis. Phagocytosis was significantly depressed by inhibitors of glycolysis (iodoacetate and fluoride) and by chloroquine at 1 x 10-5M. Particle ingestion by monocytes was accompanied by enhanced production of C14O2 from glucose-1-C14, but was not associated with a detectable increase in total glucose utilization, incorporation of radioactive uridine into RNA, or incorporation of amino acids into protein.
Immunosuppression by Cyclophosphamide in NZB X NZW Mice With Lupus Nephritis
Authors: CASEY T. P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Long-term administration of cyclophosphamide to groups of young and old NZB X NZW hybrid mice in controlled therapeutic trials showed:
1. decreased antinuclear autoantibody production as judged by LE cell and latex nucleoprotein tests,
2. marked benefit to lupus nephritis lesions, and
3. no carcinogenic effects.
Attention is drawn to the prospect of using these mice to study the carcinogenic effects of antimitotic drugs with particular reference to the effects of such drugs on immune mechanisms.
Allopurinol and Iron Metabolism in Man
Authors: BOYETT JOHN D. , VOGLER WILLIAM R. , FURTADO VALDIR DE PAULA , SCHMIDT FREDERICK H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Oral and intravenous ferrokinetic studies were carried out in 9 patients with gout or hyperuricemia to determine the effect of allopurinol on iron absorption, storage, and red cell incorporation. Two studies were carried out in each patient: one during the control period and the other while receiving allopurinol. Allopurinol had no measurable effect on iron metabolism.