bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling an adult human head on a donut‐shaped gel head support for pressure ulcer prevention
Authors: Katzengold Rona , Gefen Amit 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPatients who are stationary endure prolonged pressures and shear loads at contact areas between their body and the support surface, which over time may cause pressure ulcers (PUs). Donut‐shaped gel head supports are commonly used to protect the occiput, which is among the most common anatomical sites for PUs; however, the biomechanical efficacy of these devices is unclear. To investigate their effects on scalp tissues, we have used our three‐dimensional anatomically realistic finite element model of an adult head, to which we have added a donut‐shaped gel head support. We then compared the occipital scalp tissue loads' occurrence while the donut‐shaped gel head support is in use with those associated with a fluidised head positioner and a standard medical foam. The donut‐shaped gel head support inflicted the greatest exposure to tissue mechanical stresses, particularly to the high (and therefore dangerous) stress domain, when compared to the other positioners. We concluded that while the donut‐shaped gel head support is designed to avert tissue loads away from the occiput and disperse them to the surroundings, in practice, it fails to do so. In fact, the donut‐shaped gel head support imposes the head‐weight forces to transfer through a relatively narrow ring of scalp tissues, hence increasing the risk of developing occipital PUs.
Effect of A‐site ion nonstoichiometry on the chemical stability and electric conductivity of strontium and magnesium‐doped lanthanum gallate
Authors: Ishii Kento , Matsunaga Chika , Munakata Fumio , Uchikoshi Tetsuo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA series of Sr‐ion deficient perovskites La0.8Sr0.2−xGa0.8Mg0.2O2.8−δ (LSGM8282, x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20), was synthesized by a conventional solid‐state reaction method and their electric conductivity and chemical reactivity with Gd‐doped ceria were investigated. Reactivity tests between the LSGMs and Ce0.9Gd0.1O2−δ (GDC) were carried out by X‐ray diffraction, SEM‐EDS, and electric conductivity measurements. The Sr‐ion deficient LSGMs have a lower reactivity against the formation of high‐resistivity phases than the stoichiometric (x = 0.00) LSGM. The reaction layer formed at the interface of LSGM and GDC during the sintering process due to the mutual diffusion of the cations was classified into five layers depending on the composition. The introduction of the Sr‐ion deficient LSGM suppressed the formation of the highly resistive Sr‐rich (La1+xSr1−x)Ga3O7−δ phase. It was suggested that the Sr‐ion deficient LSGM (La0.8Sr0.2−xGa0.8Mg0.2O2.8−δ) of x = 0.15 was the best composition for suppressing the reaction with the GDC interlayer while retaining a relatively good electric conductivity.
Luminescence properties of Eu3+‐ and Tb3+‐doped δ‐Bi2O3 stabilized by Th4+ substitution
Authors: Sethi Aanchal , Pandey Jyoti , Uma Sitharaman , Nagarajan Rajamani 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe extent of incorporating Eu3+ and Tb3+ for bismuth in the oxygen‐deficient fluorite structured Bi0.50Th0.50Oy has been examined together with the comprehension of their luminescence characteristics. The samples were synthesized by solution combustion method from which doping limits of Eu3+ and Tb3+, respectively, in the fluorite structure was determined. Uniform distribution of constituent elements was confirmed from elemental mapping. Doping Eu3+ and Tb3+‐ions introduced compressive strain and oxygen vacancies in the system. Raman spectra of doped samples confirmed the fluorite structure and revealed the existence of oxygen vacancies in them. While Tb‐doped samples showed a systematic decrease in band gap with increase in dopant concentration, such systematic variation was not observed for Eu‐doped samples. Conclusions about the local site symmetry around Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions in the defect fluorite structure have been drawn from the photoluminescent spectral analysis of doped samples. Energy transfer from Bi3+ to Eu3+ and Tb3+‐has been observed in these samples. The Judd‐Ofelt analysis has been carried out to understand luminescence characteristics in these samples.
Selective laser flash sintering of 8‐YSZ
Authors: Hagen Deborah , Beaman Joseph J. , Kovar Desiderio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFlash sintering of ceramics is characterized by rapid sintering during simultaneous application of electric field and heat. Previous studies of flash sintering have been conducted in furnace environments, where sample temperatures are approximately uniform. In this work, we use highly dynamic heating from a scanning laser to initiate flash sintering while simultaneously applying a DC electric field. Onset of flash sintering is determined by a measurable increase in current through the sample. Our results show that stage I and stage II flash sintering can be initiated by laser heating. At low‐to‐moderate combinations of laser energies and applied electric fields, measured current rises slightly when the laser is scanned completely across the specimen from the positive to the negative electrodes. Microstructures for these samples show that powder consolidation is minimal in this regime (stage I flash sintering), and thus the observed current is likely due to onset of neck growth between powder particles rather than densification. At higher laser energies and fields, current rises steeply and microstructures show significant consolidation (stage II flash sintering). The demonstration that flash sintering occurs when ceramic is heated by laser‐scanning supports future utilization of selective laser flash sintering as an additive manufacturing process.
Reconciling Darwin’s naturalization and pre‐adaptation hypotheses: An inference from phylogenetic fields of exotic plants in Japan
Authors: Kusumoto Buntarou , Villalobos Fabricio , Shiono Takayuki , Kubota Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimUnderstanding the causes and consequences of biological invasions remains a challenge for several disciplines, including biogeography. One major issue in overcoming this challenge is disentangling the confounding mechanisms of species invasiveness and community invasibility. Here, we tackle this issue by applying a novel approach based on the phylogenetic affinities between exotic species and natives in the recipient community to elucidate naturalization and pre‐adaptation processes.LocationJapan.TaxonSeed plants.MethodsGeographical co‐occurrence data for 1,094 exotics and 4,869 native species (including 1,676 endemics) were created at the 10‐km grid‐cell and vegetation‐plot levels. For individual exotic species, standardized effect size of phylogenetic species variability (PSVSES) of the recipient native assemblage (i.e. phylogenetic fields) was calculated and its clustering/over‐dispersion was tested, representing exotic invasiveness in relation to invasibility of native recipients. To identify drivers of species invasiveness, the correlation of PSVSESwith species attributes, involving phylogenetic distance between each exotic and native species, was explored.ResultsPhylogenetic fields (PSVSES) showed significant over‐dispersion (~16% exotics) or clustering (~14% exotics). Interspecific variation of PSVSESamong exotics was substantially explained by species ecological attributes. Geographical extent and climatic niche widths were negatively correlated with PSVSES. Preference for human influence was positively correlated with PSVSESat the 10‐km grid‐cell level, but negatively at the vegetation‐plot level. Exotics colonized from the Palearctic and Indo‐Malay regions, which belong to the same biogeographical region as East Asia, tended to have clustered phylogenetic fields.Main conclusionsEnvironmental filtering and biotic sorting both played a key role in exotic plant colonization, supporting both of Darwin's contradictory hypotheses of naturalization versus pre‐adaptation. Clustered phylogenetic fields indicated that an exotic colonizes its recipient assemblage through abiotic filtering (i.e. pre‐adaptation); at the same time, phylogenetic over‐dispersion was indicative of naturalization for exotics that occupied a biotic niche space among native recipients (i.e. naturalization). Phylogenetic field patterns depended on species’ ecological attributes, including phylogenetic relatedness between exotics and recipient natives, especially reflecting invasibility at the local‐community level.
Occupancy patterns and upper range limits of lowland Bornean birds along an elevational gradient
Authors: Burner Ryan C. , Styring Alison R. , Rahman Mustafa A. , Sheldon Frederick H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThe traditional view of species’ distributions is that they are less abundant near the edges of their ranges and more abundant towards the centre. Testing this pattern is difficult because of the complexity of distributions across wide geographical areas. An alternative strategy, however, is to measure species’ distributional patterns along elevational gradients. We applied this strategy to examine whether lowland forest birds are indeed less common near their upper range limits on a Bornean mountain, and tested co‐occurrence patterns among species for potential causes of attenuation, including signatures of habitat selection and competition at the periphery of their ranges.LocationMt. Mulu, Borneo.TaxonRain forest birds.MethodsWe surveyed lowland forest birds on Mt. Mulu (2,376 m), classified their elevation‐occupancy distributions using Huisman–Olff–Fresco (HOF) models, and examined co‐occurrence patterns of species pairs for signatures of shared habitat patches and interspecific competition.ResultsFor 39 of 50 common species, occupancy was highest at sea level then gradually declined near their upper range edges, in keeping with a “rare periphery” hypothesis. With respect to habitat selection, lowland species do not appear to cluster together at sites of patchy similar habitat near their upper range limits; neither are most lowland species segregated from potential montane competitors where ranges overlap.Main conclusionsHigh relative abundance at sea level implies that species inhabit “truncated niches” and are not currently near the limits of their fundamental niche, unless unknown critical response thresholds exist. However, indirect effects of increasing temperature predicted under climate change scenarios could still influence lower range limits of lowland species indirectly by altering habitat, precipitation regimes and competitive interactions. The lack of non‐random co‐occurrence patterns implies that patchy habitat and simple pairwise species interactions are unlikely to be responsible for upper range limits in most species; diffuse competition across diverse rain forest bird communities could still play a role.
Maternal and family factors differentiate profiles of psychiatric impairments in very preterm children at age 5‐years
Authors: Lean Rachel E. , Lessov‐Shlaggar Christina N. , Gerstein Emily D. , Smyser Tara A. , Paul Rachel A. , Smyser Christopher D. , Rogers Cynthia E. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundVery preterm (VPT; <30 weeks gestation) children are a heterogeneous group, yet the co‐occurrence of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental impairments remains unclear. Moreover, the clinical and socio‐environmental factors that promote resilient developmental outcomes among VPT children are poorly understood.MethodsOne hundred and twenty five children (85 VPT and 40 full‐term) underwent neurodevelopmental evaluation at age 5‐years. Parents and teachers completed measures of internalizing, externalizing, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD), and autism symptoms. Psychiatric and neurodevelopmental measures were analyzed using Latent Profile Analysis. Multinomial regression examined the extent that infant, sociodemographic, and family factors, collected prospectively from birth to follow‐up, independently differentiated resilient and impaired children.ResultsFour latent profiles were identified, including a Typically Developing Group which represented 27.1% of the VPT group and 65.0% of the full‐term group, an At‐Risk Group with mild psychiatric and neurodevelopmental problems (VPT 44.7%, full‐term 22.5%), a Psychiatric Group with moderate‐to‐severe psychiatric ratings (VPT 12.9%, full‐term 10.0%), and a school‐based Inattentive/Hyperactive Group (VPT 15.3%, full‐term 2.5%). Clinical diagnoses were highest among the Psychiatric Group (80%). Factors that differentiated resilient and impaired subgroups of VPT children included prolonged exposure to maternal psychosocial distress (p ≤ .04), current family dysfunction (p ≤ .05), and maternal ADHD symptoms (p ≤ .02), whereas social risk index scores differentiated resilient and impaired full‐term children (p < .03).ConclusionsLower levels of maternal distress, family dysfunction, and maternal ADHD symptoms were associated with resilience among VPT children. Maternal distress and family dysfunction are modifiable factors to be targeted as part of psychiatric interventions embedded in the long‐term care of VPT children.
Development of novel aptamer‐based enzyme‐linked apta‐sorbent assay (ELASA) for rapid detection of mariculture pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus
Authors: Yu Qing , Liu Mingzhu , Xiao Hehe , Wu Siting , Qin Xianling , Ke Ke , Li Siqiao , Mi Huizhi , Shi Deqiang , Li Pengfei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs the major opportunistic pathogen to both marine animals and humans, Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus) has caused heavy economic losses to mariculture. ssDNA aptamer VA2 targeting live V. alginolyticus was generated by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technology in our previous study. In this study, we first developed aptamer (VA2)‐based enzyme‐linked apta‐sorbent assay (VA2‐ELASA) for rapid detection of mariculture pathogen V. alginolyticus. The VA2‐ELASA could achieve the rapid detection for V. alginolyticus infection with high specificity and sensitivity. The VA2‐ELASA could specifically identify V. alginolyticus, but not other non‐target bacterial strains. VA2‐ELASA could detect V. alginolyticus at the concentration of 5 × 104/ml, the incubation time short to 1 min and the incubation temperature as high as 45°C, which proved sensitivity and stability of the novel VA2‐ELASA in this study. It took less than one hour to accomplish the detection process by VA2‐ELASA. The characteristics of specificity, sensitivity and easy operation make VA2‐ELASA a novel useful technology for the rapid diagnosis of pathogen V. alginolyticus in mariculture.
Racial Diversity in the Marital Assimilation of Hispanics
Authors: Choi Kate H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjective: This study describes how the intermarriage behavior of Hispanic racial groups changed between 1990 and 2017.Background: Prior work on intermarriage trends has seldom examined the role of race in the mate selection behavior of Hispanics. The following three questions of fundamental importance have thus remained unanswered: (a) Did the intermarriage of all Hispanic racial groups slow down during the 1990s? (b) Did this trend persist after the 1990s? (c) Did the solidification and possible racialization of Hispanic pan‐ethnic identity contribute to changes in Hispanic intermarriage behavior over time?Methods: Using data from the 1990 U.S. Census, 2000 U.S. Census, and 2008 to 2017 American Community Survey, the author conducted log‐linear analyses to examine changes in the relative permeability of racial and pan‐ethnic boundaries between 1990 and 2017.Results: For Hispanic Whites, the odds of intermarriage with non‐Hispanic Whites remained unchanged during the 1990 but bounced back after 2000. For Hispanic Blacks, the corresponding odds increased steadily after 1990. For Hispanics who rejected official U.S. racial categories, the odds of intermarriage with non‐Hispanic Whites decreased over time.Conclusion: For Hispanic Whites, rates of intermarriages with non‐Hispanic Whites decreased during the 1990s in large part due to the surge of immigration from Latin America. Hispanic ethnicity may have become racialized over time for Hispanics who rejected official U.S. racial categories, but not Hispanic Whites and Hispanic Blacks.Implications: The findings from this study underscore the importance of considering racial heterogeneity when studying Hispanic intermarriage behavior.
Unemployment and Housework in Couples: Task‐Specific Differences and Dynamics Over Time
Authors: Voßemer Jonas , Heyne Stefanie 
Published: August 2019

Objective: The authors tested competing hypotheses about the effects of unemployment on couples' division of housework and total household production.Background: Gender‐neutral and gender‐based theories make opposing predictions on the reactions of couples. Few previous studies have tested these predictions using longitudinal data. This study extends research by examining how the effects of unemployment vary with gender, specific tasks, and over time.Method: Fixed effects models were applied to estimate the associations of unemployment with both partners' total, neutral, female‐typed, and male‐typed housework hours. The analyses were based on 12,183 couples from the Socio‐Economic Panel, 1991 to 2015. The Socio‐Economic Panel is a nationally representative household panel survey of the German adult population.Results: This study found stronger associations for unemployment of husbands than wives with own and spouses' total housework hours and an expansion of the total household production. The changes were immediate and remained constant over time. The patterns for specific tasks resembled the main results, but for wives, the associations were stronger with female‐typed tasks whereas for husbands they were stronger with male‐typed tasks.Conclusion: The authors conclude that the division of housework following unemployment is better explained by gender‐neutral theories of time availability or relative resources. Whereas the task‐specific findings are also consistent with a gender‐based perspective, the finding that men increased their routine chores immediately and substantially is at odds with strict interpretations of gender display or deviance neutralization.
How dynamics in perceptual shared cognition and team potency predict team performance
Authors: Gevers Josette M. P. , Li Jia , Rutte Christel G. , van Eerde Wendelien 
Published: August 2019

In a longitudinal field study of 37 professional project teams over almost 2 years, we investigated the dynamic relationship between perceptual shared cognition and team potency in predicting team performance. Our main results show that initial levels and change in perceptual shared cognition explain team performance outcomes through initial levels and change in team potency, respectively. Thereby, our findings confirmed that initial levels and change in team potency operated as an explanatory mechanism for the relationship between shared cognition and team performance. Interestingly, shared cognition change shows larger benefits on team performance outcomes than initial levels. In addition, we show differential relationships of task‐ and time‐related shared cognition with the quality and timeliness criteria of team performance. Whereas shared task cognition predicts team performance in terms of both output quality and timeliness, shared temporal cognition predicts timeliness only. Altogether, this research suggests the unique theoretical value of change in perceptual shared cognition in explaining team performance and of affective‐motivational team states as an alternative explanatory mechanism for the impact of shared cognition on team effectiveness.Practitioner pointsTeam members’ perceptions of being on the same page about their collaborative task and its temporal elements boost their confidence in the team's capabilities, thereby improving team performance.Team members’ perceived agreement about the ‘what’ of their collaborative task is conducive to both project quality and timeliness. Their perceived agreement on the ‘when’ of task accomplishment further facilitates a timely project completion.Team members’ cognitive consensus about the task and its temporal elements are subject to change, so is their confidence in the team's capabilities. Initial disagreements do not necessarily warrant eventual detriments, but performance excellence does require that cognitive consensus is being maintained and improved throughout the project.
Guided tissue regeneration of intrabony defects with perforated barrier membranes, simvastatin, and EDTA root surface modification: A clinical and biochemical study
Authors: Issa Dalia Rasheed , Abdel‐Ghaffar Khaled A. , Al‐Shahat Mohamed A. , Hassan Ahmed Abdel Aziz , Iacono Vincent J. , Gamal Ahmed Y. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPerforated barrier membranes (PBM) were suggested to enhance periodontal regeneration by allowing positive charity of wanted elements from the gingival tissue side. The present study was designed to evaluate clinically and biochemically the use of PBM combined with simvastatin (SMV) gel with and without an associated EDTA gel root surface etching as a suggested option that could improve SMV availability and clinical outcomes of PBM.MethodsForty patients having moderate‐to‐severe chronic periodontitis with 40 intrabony defects were randomly divided into four treatment groups (10 sites each). Patients in group 1 received 1.2% SMV gel and covering the defect with occlusive membrane (OM). Patients in group 2 received 1.2% SMV gel and covering the defect with PBM. Group 3 received 24% EDTA root surface etching, 1.2% SMV gel, and defect coverage with OM (eOM). Patients in group 4 were treated as in group 3 but the defect was covered with PBM (ePBM). Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline before surgical procedures and were reassessed at 6 and 9 months after therapy. The mean concentration of SMV in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was estimated by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography at days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 30.ResultsAt 6‐ and 9‐month observation periods, groups 3 and 4 showed a statistically significant improvement in PD reduction and CAL gain compared with groups 1 and 2. Group 4 showed a statistically significant more defect fill compared with groups 1, 2, and 3 (P ≤ .05). Group 2 showed statistically significant higher defect fill compared with group 1 and group 3 (P < .05). Bone density was significantly increased with no significant difference between the four groups at 6‐ and 9‐month observation periods. SMV‐GCF concentration in group 4 showed the highest mean concentration with no significant difference than that of group 3.ConclusionThe use of perforated barrier membranes in association with SMV enhances the clinical hard tissue parameters compared with occlusive ones in treating intrabony periodontal defects. Moreover, EDTA root surface treatment could enhance SMV availability in the defect area.