bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granisetron reduces the need for uterotonics but not sympathomimetics during cesarean delivery
Authors: Raimann Florian J. , Baldauf Henrica P. , Louwen Frank , Jennewein Lukas , Fischer Dania , Zacharowski Kai , Weber Christian F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of a 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐3 receptor antagonist (granisetron) on the use of sympathomimetic (cafedrine/theodrenaline) and uterotonic (oxytocin) agents after spinal anesthesia during cesarean delivery.MethodsA retrospective observational analysis was conducted using intraoperative records (n=240) created at a single hospital in Germany between November 1, 2016, and July 31, 2017. The granisetron group (n=120) had received 3 mg of granisetron immediately before induction of spinal anesthesia. The control group (n=120) had not received granisetron. The primary endpoints were the intraoperative requirements for sympathomimetic and uterotonic agents. The secondary endpoints were parameters of intraprocedural maternal hemodynamic and clinical states.ResultsMore patients in the granisetron group than in the control group received intraoperative cafedrine/theodrenaline (P=0.045), with the cumulative intraoperative dosage also increased in the granisetron group (P=0.016). By contrast, the cumulative intraoperative dose of oxytocin was lower in the granisetron group than in the control group (P<0.001). Decreases in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure were lower in the granisetron group versus the control group (P=0.015 and P=0.002, respectively).ConclusionTreatment with granisetron immediately before cesarean delivery did not reduce the perioperative requirement for sympathomimetics but did reduce the need for uterotonics.Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03318536)
Multiple angiomyolipomas mimicking metastases of concurrent clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Narimatsu Takahiro , Shin Toshitaka , Shibuya Tadamasa , Inoue Toru , Hirai Kenichi , Ando Tadasuke , Sato Fuminori , Daa Tsutomu , Mimata Hiromitsu 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionConcurrence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and angiomyolipoma is quite rare. We report a case of large localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma with concurrent multiple angiomyolipomas mimicking lymph node metastases.Case presentationA 60‐year‐old woman presented with general malaise, weight loss, and intermittent fever. Computed tomography scan demonstrated an 8‐cm mass in the left kidney, enlarged para‐aortic lymph nodes, and small renal nodules adjacent to the main tumor. She was diagnosed preoperatively as having clear cell renal cell carcinoma (cT3a) with multiple para‐aortic lymph node metastases, and underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and dissection of the para‐aortic lymph nodes. Pathologically, the main tumor was diagnosed as clear cell renal cell carcinoma. By contrast, both the para‐aortic lymph nodes and nodules were diagnosed as lipid‐poor angiomyolipomas.ConclusionWith the expanding first‐line use of molecular targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, nephrectomy may be avoided by overdiagnosis. Upfront nephrectomy can avoid overdiagnosis and undertreatment of nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma.
The Home Visit Rating Scales: Revised, restructured, and revalidated
Authors: Roggman Lori A. , Cook Gina A. , Innocenti Mark S. , Jump Norman Vonda K. , Boyce Lisa K. , Olson Tasha L. , Christiansen Katie , Peterson Carla A. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThe Home Visit Rating Scales (HOVRS) were initially developed from field‐based descriptions of successful home visits and are supported by home‐visiting research in multiple disciplines. Four home‐visiting practices scales include indicators of relationship building with families, responsiveness to family strengths, facilitation of parent–child interaction, and collaboration with parents. Three family engagement scales include indicators of parent–child interaction, parent engagement, and child engagement in the visit. The original version, the HOVRS‐1, was validated using video and data from two Early Head Start home‐visiting programs. Conceptual and structural changes for the HOVRS‐3 were designed to improve readability, usability, and clarity. Newly trained observers used the HOVRS‐3 to observe archived videos from the original measurement sample. The HOVRS‐3 showed good interrater reliability, scale internal consistency, convergent validity, predictive validity, practical significance, and version stability. When the HOVRS‐3 home‐visit quality scores were higher, it was twice as likely for parenting scores to be average or better and for child language to be at age level or better at age 3 years, over and above parenting and child language at age 1 year. The HOVRS can guide observations of home‐visit quality in infant–toddler and early childhood programs to improve home‐visiting practices and family engagement.
To be or not to be modified: Miscellaneous aspects influencing nucleotide modifications in tRNAs
Authors: Barraud Pierre , Tisné Carine 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTransfer RNAs (tRNAs) are essential components of the cellular protein synthesis machineries, but are also implicated in many roles outside translation. To become functional, tRNAs, initially transcribed as longer precursor tRNAs, undergo a tightly controlled biogenesis process comprising the maturation of their extremities, removal of intronic sequences if present, addition of the 3′‐CCA amino‐acid accepting sequence, and aminoacylation. In addition, the most impressive feature of tRNA biogenesis consists in the incorporation of a large number of posttranscriptional chemical modifications along its sequence. The chemical nature of these modifications is highly diverse, with more than hundred different modifications identified in tRNAs to date. All functions of tRNAs in cells are controlled and modulated by modifications, making the understanding of the mechanisms that determine and influence nucleotide modifications in tRNAs an essential point in tRNA biology. This review describes the different aspects that determine whether a certain position in a tRNA molecule is modified or not. We describe how sequence and structural determinants, as well as the presence of prior modifications control modification processes. We also describe how environmental factors and cellular stresses influence the level and/or the nature of certain modifications introduced in tRNAs, and report situations where these dynamic modulations of tRNA modification levels are regulated by active demodification processes. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(8):1126–1140, 2019
Nanosized carbon black exposure induces neural injury: effects on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Jiang Lei , Wang Tingwei , Xue Jing , Yu Pengfei , Zhang Jinsong , Wang Jun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCarbon black in ambient air is believed to be the cause of many diseases; however, its potential neural toxicity and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The present study is to evaluate the toxic effects of carbon black nanoparticles, Printex 90, on the neural cell line PC‐12. The study revealed that Printex 90 treatment significantly decreased cell viability, accompanied by an enormous increase in reactive oxygen species generation and a decrease in ATP. Additionally, NOX2 and NOX4, 4‐hydroxynonenal, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker proteins (IRE‐1α, ATF‐6, GRP78, PERK and the downstream target protein CHOP) and antioxidative enzymes (glutathione and superoxide dismutase) were evaluated. It showed that Printex 90 significantly upregulated 4‐hydroxynonenal, NOX2 and NOX4 expression, and the levels, or activity, of glutathione and superoxide dismutase, were markedly reduced. For the ER stress‐associated proteins, Printex 90 induced a significant increase of IRE‐1α, ATF‐6, GRP78, p‐PERK and CHOP expression. Collectively, these results demonstrate that NOX and ER stress are involved in Printex 90‐mediated neural damage. Therefore, decreased ER stress and NOX‐derived reactive oxygen species generation may provide compensatory protective effects and attenuate Printex 90‐induced neural injury.
RETRACTED: Evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of electromagnetic fields and coenzyme Q10 on hippocampal injury in mouse
Authors: Soleimani Mansoureh , Golab Fereshteh , Alizadeh Akram , Rigi Sara , Samani Zeinab Nazarian , Vahabzadeh Gelareh , Peirovi Tahmineh , Sarbishegi Maryam , Katebi Majid , Azedi Fereshteh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractElectromagnetic fields (EMFs) are reported to interfere with chemical reactions involving free radical production. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a strong antioxidant with some neuroprotective activities. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the neuroprotective effects of EMF and CoQ10 in a mouse model of hippocampal injury. Hippocampal injury was induced in mature female mice (25–30 g), using an intraperitoneal injection of trimethyltin hydroxide (TMT; 2.5 mg/kg). The experimental groups were exposed to EMF at a frequency of 50 Hz and intensity of 5.9 mT for 7 hr daily over 1 week or treated with CoQ10 (10 mg/kg) for 2 weeks following TMT injection. A Morris water maze apparatus was used to assess learning and spatial memory. Nissl staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) tests were also performed for the histopathological analysis of the hippocampus. Antiapoptotic genes were studied, using the Western blot technique. The water maze test showed memory improvement following treatment with CoQ10 and coadministration of CoQ10 + EMF. The Nissl staining and TUNEL tests indicated a decline in necrotic and apoptotic cell count following treatment with CoQ10 and coadministration of CoQ10 + EMF. The Western blot study indicated the upregulation of antiapoptotic genes in treatment with CoQ10, as well as coadministration. Also, treatment with EMF had no significant effects on reducing damage induced by TMT in the hippocampus. According to the results, EMF had no significant neuroprotective effects in comparison with CoQ10 on hippocampal injury in mice. Nevertheless, coadministration of EMF and CoQ10 could improve the neuroprotective effects of CoQ10.
miR‐548c‐5p inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation by targeting PGK1
Authors: Ge Jianxin , Li Jun , Na Su , Wang Pingping , Zhao Guifeng , Zhang Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAccumulating studies have implicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of miR‐548c‐5p, a novel identified miRNA in malignancies, in colorectal carcinogenesis remains largely unknown. The present study is aimed to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of miR‐548c‐5p in CRC by a sequence of cellular experiments. miR‐548c‐5p was significantly downregulated, whereas phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), a key enzyme for glycolysis, was obviously upregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cancer tissues from patients with CRC. Besides, miR‐548c‐5p and PGK1 were negatively associated with each other. The luciferase reporter assay revealed that PGK1 was a targeted gene of miR‐548c‐5p. Moreover, the proliferation and generation of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐6) were significantly inhibited in miR‐548c‐5p‐overexpressed SW480 CRC cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Accordingly, miR‐548c‐5p may serve as a cancer suppressor in CRC by targeting PGK1.
Autophagy in pulmonary hypertension: Emerging roles and therapeutic implications
Authors: Zhang Chun‐Fang , Zhao Fang‐Yun , Xu Shuang‐Lan , Liu Jie , Xing Xi‐Qian , Yang Jiao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAutophagy is an important mechanism for cellular self‐digestion and basal homeostasis. This gene‐ and modulator‐regulated pathway is conserved in cells. Recently, several studies have shown that autophagic dysfunction is associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the relationship between autophagy and PH remains controversial. In this review, we mainly introduce the effects of autophagy‐related genes and some regulatory molecules on PH and the relationship between autophagy and PH under the conditions of hypoxia, monocrotaline injection, thromboembolic stress, oxidative stress, and other drugs and toxins. The effects of other autophagy‐related drugs, such as chloroquine, 3‐methyladenine, rapamycin, and other potential therapeutic drugs and targets, in PH are also described.
Insulin/IGF1 signalling mediates the effects of β2‐adrenergic agonist on muscle proteostasis and growth
Authors: Gonçalves Dawit A. , Silveira Wilian A. , Manfredi Leandro H. , Graça Flávia A. , Armani Andrea , Bertaggia Enrico , O´Neill Brian T. , Lautherbach Natalia , Machado Juliano , Nogara Leonardo , Pereira Marcelo G. , Arcidiacono Diletta , Realdon Stefano , Kahn C. Ronald , Sandri Marco , Kettelhut Isis C. , Navegantes Luiz Carlos C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundStimulation of β2‐adrenoceptors can promote muscle hypertrophy and fibre type shift, and it can counteract atrophy and weakness. The underlying mechanisms remain elusive.MethodsFed wild type (WT), 2‐day fasted WT, muscle‐specific insulin (INS) receptor (IR) knockout (M‐IR−/−), and MKR mice were studied with regard to acute effects of the β2‐agonist formoterol (FOR) on protein metabolism and signalling events. MKR mice express a dominant negative IGF1 receptor, which blocks both INS/IGF1 signalling. All received one injection of FOR (300 μg kg−1 subcutaneously) or saline. Skeletal muscles and serum samples were analysed from 30 to 240 min. For the study of chronic effects of FOR on muscle plasticity and function as well as intracellular signalling pathways, fed WT and MKR mice were treated with formoterol (300 μg kg−1 day−1) for 30 days.ResultsIn fed and fasted mice, one injection of FOR inhibited autophagosome formation (LC3‐II content, 65%, P ≤ 0.05) that was paralleled by an increase in serum INS levels (4‐fold to 25‐fold, P ≤ 0.05) and the phosphorylation of Akt (4.4‐fold to 6.5‐fold, P ≤ 0.05) and ERK1/2 (50% to two‐fold, P ≤ 0.05). This led to the suppression (40–70%, P ≤ 0.05) of the master regulators of atrophy, FoxOs, and the mRNA levels of their target genes. FOR enhanced (41%, P ≤ 0.05) protein synthesis only in fed condition and stimulated (4.4‐fold to 35‐fold, P ≤ 0.05) the prosynthetic Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in both fed and fasted states. FOR effects on Akt signalling during fasting were blunted in both M‐IR−/− and MKR mice. Inhibition of proteolysis markers by FOR was prevented only in MKR mice. Blockade of PI3K/Akt axis and mTORC1, but not ERK1/2, in fasted mice also suppressed the acute FOR effects on proteolysis and autophagy. Chronic stimulation of β2‐adrenoceptors in fed WT mice increased body (11%, P ≤ 0.05) and muscle (15%, P ≤ 0.05) growth and downregulated atrophy‐related genes (30–40%, P ≤ 0.05), but these effects were abolished in MKR mice. Increases in muscle force caused by FOR (WT, 24%, P ≤ 0.05) were only partially impaired in MKR mice (12%, P ≤ 0.05), and FOR‐induced slow‐to‐fast fibre type shift was not blocked at all in these animals. In MKR mice, FOR also restored the lower levels of muscle SDH activity to basal WT values and caused a marked reduction (57%, P ≤ 0.05) in the number of centrally nucleated fibers.ConclusionsNS/IGF1 signalling is necessary for the anti‐proteolytic and hypertrophic effects of in vivo β2‐adrenergic stimulation and appears to mediate FOR‐induced enhancement of protein synthesis. INS/IGF1 signalling only partially contributes to gain in strength and does not mediate fibre type transition induced by FOR.
Calcineurin inhibitors reduce NFAT-dependent expression of antifungal pentraxin-3 by human monocytes
Authors: Bendíčková Kamila , Tidu Federico , De Zuani Marco , Kohoutková Marcela Hortová , Andrejčinová Ivana , Pompeiano Antonio , Bělášková Silvie , Forte Giancarlo , Zelante Teresa , Frič Jan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Calcineurin (CN) inhibitors are effective clinical immunosuppressants but leave patients vulnerable to potentially fatal fungal infections. This study tested the hypothesis that CN inhibition interferes with antifungal immune defenses mediated by monocytes. We showed that NFAT is expressed by human monocytes, and is activated by exposure to fungal ligands. We confirmed that NFAT translocation potently activated target gene transcription using a human monocytic reporter cell line. Inhibition of CN-NFAT by cyclosporine A significantly reduced monocyte production of TNF-α, IL-10, and MCP-1 proteins in response to pattern recognition receptor ligands as well as to Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. Moreover, we revealed that human monocytes express the antifungal protein pentraxin-3 under control of NFAT. In conclusion, clinical CN inhibitors have the potential to interfere with the novel NFAT-dependent pentraxin-3 pathway as well as antifungal cytokine production in human monocytes, thereby impeding monocyte-mediated defenses against fungal infection in immune-suppressed patients.
Whole‐body MRI for preventive health screening: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Kwee Robert M. , Kwee Thomas C. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundThe yield of whole‐body MRI for preventive health screening is currently not completely clear.PurposeTo systematically review the prevalence of whole‐body MRI findings in asymptomatic subjects.Study TypeSystematic review and meta‐analysis.SubjectsMEDLINE and Embase were searched for original studies reporting whole‐body MRI findings in asymptomatic adults without known disease, syndrome, or genetic mutation. Twelve studies, comprising 5373 asymptomatic subjects, were included.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T or 3.0T, whole‐body MRI.AssessmentThe whole‐body MRI literature findings were extracted and reviewed by two radiologists in consensus for designation as either critical or indeterminate incidental finding.Statistical TestsData were pooled using a random effects model on the assumption that most subjects had ≤1 critical or indeterminate incidental finding. Heterogeneity was assessed by the I2 statistic.ResultsPooled prevalences of critical and indeterminate incidental findings together and separately were 32.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.3%, 50.1%), 13.4% (95% CI: 9.0%, 19.5%), and 13.9% (95% CI: 5.4%, 31.3%), respectively. There was substantial between‐study heterogeneity (I2 = 95.6–99.1). Pooled prevalence of critical and indeterminate incidental findings together was significantly higher in studies that included (cardio)vascular and/or colon MRI compared with studies that did not (49.7% [95% CI, 26.7%, 72.9%] vs. 23.0% [95% CI, 5.5%, 60.3%], P < 0.001). Pooled proportion of reported verified critical and indeterminate incidental findings was 12.6% (95% CI: 3.2%, 38.8%). Six studies reported false‐positive findings, yielding a pooled proportion of 16.0% (95% CI: 1.9%, 65.8%). None of the included studies reported long‐term (>5‐year) verification of negative findings. Only one study reported false‐negative findings, with a proportion of 2.0%.Data ConclusionPrevalence of critical and indeterminate incidental whole‐body MRI findings in asymptomatic subjects is overall substantial and with variability dependent to some degree on the protocol. Verification data are lacking. The proportion of false‐positive findings appears to be substantial.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1489–1503.
Reduced nitrogen supply enhances the cellular antioxidant potential of phenolic extracts through alteration of the phenolic composition in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Zhou Weiwei , Liang Xin , Zhang Yimo , Li Kejie , Jin Bingjie , Lu Lingli , Jin Chongwei , Lin Xianyong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDNitrogen availability is an important environmental factor that determines the production of phenolic compounds in vegetables, but the relationship between low nitrogen‐induced alterations of phenolic compounds in vegetable crops and the cellular antioxidant activities of these compounds remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of reduced nitrogen supply (0.05 mmol L−1 nitrate) on phenolic metabolism in lettuce and the protective role of phenolic extracts against H2O2‐induced oxidative stress in Caco‐2 cells by determining cell damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and antioxidant enzyme activities.RESULTSReduced nitrogen supply significantly improved the accumulation of phenolic compounds in lettuce, which was partially correlated with the upregulation of genes related to the phenolic synthesis pathway. Phenolic extracts from lettuce cultivated in low‐nitrogen medium exhibited a better protective effect against H2O2‐induced oxidative damage in Caco‐2 cells than those from lettuce cultivated with adequate nitrogen. These extracts act by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and, subsequently, by inhibiting ROS overproduction, which leads to a decrease in mitochondrial membrane and DNA damage. The results of HPLC and correlation analyses implied that the improvement in the protective capacity of lettuce extracts after low‐nitrogen treatment may be related, not only to the increased content of phenolic compounds, but also to the increased percentage contribution of chlorogenic acid and quercetin derivatives to the total phenolic content.CONCLUSIONReduction in nitrogen supply can be a powerful strategy to modify phenolic metabolism and composition in lettuce and, consequently, to improve their antioxidant capacity. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of curcumin on healing in an animal nasal septal perforation model
Authors: Çakan Doğan , Aydın Sedat , Demir Gökhan , Başak Kayhan 
Published: April 2019

Objectives/HypothesisWe investigated the effect of intranasal topical curcumin on nasal septum mucosa wound healing in a nasal septal perforation model produced in rabbits.Study DesignExperimental study.MethodsFourteen male New Zealand rabbits were included in the study. For each rabbit, 5‐mm‐diameter circular perforations were created at 5 mm away from the columella to the nasal septum. Curcumin (study group) and saline (control group) were administered intranasally once daily for 10 days. At the end of the 10th day, the animals were sacrificed and the nasal septum specimens were sent for histological examination. Epithelial regeneration and degeneration, cartilage degeneration and regeneration, presences of fibroblast, eosinophil, acute/chronic inflammatory and giant cells, capillary density, amounts of granulation tissue and collagen, and macroscopic closure rate of perforation parameters were compared in each group.ResultsEpithelial and cartilage regeneration, and the amounts of collagen and granulation tissue were significantly higher in the curcumin group compared to the control group (P < .05). No statistically significant difference was found in comparison of other parameters (P > .05).ConclusionsTopical application of curcumin improves the wound‐healing process of nasal septum perforation in the animal model. Therefore, curcumin can be used as a safe and effective medical agent to prevent the development of septal perforation.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:E349–E354, 2019