bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estudio de casos de la enseñanza de la lengua y cultura Mapuche y su implementación como asignatura del currículo de educación básica.
Authors: Calderón Margarita , Castillo Silvia , Fuenzalida Diego , Hasler Felipe , Mariano Héctor , Vargas Cristián 
Published: August 2018

This research explores the content and teaching strategies of the language and culture of the Mapuche, taught in primary school, by analyzing the perceptions and practices of the pedagogical pairs who implement the subject of Indigenous Language in the early years of primary education.Â The sample was comprised of six schools who offer this subject, that met the following selection criteria: 1) effective implementation, 2) geographic zone; 3) numberÂ of years implementing the subject and/or initiatives on intercultural education and bilingualism. In each school, classroom observations and interviews with the school leaders, traditional educators and teachers were conducted. The research results showed there are two main types of teaching strategies: those related to the mapuche culture and those which are not directly related to this culture. The teaching contents are very similar among all the cases; however, they are contextualized to the local contexts of each community. In addition, the contents are predominantly oriented towards cultural, instead of language. Due to the autonomy in which the traditional educators work, their pedagogical decisions are based on their own beliefs on how to motivate students to develop a sense of belonging towards the mapuche identity instead of focusing on bilingualism.
Surgeon specialty and patient outcomes in carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Seicean Andreea , Kumar Prateek , Seicean Sinziana , Neuhauser Duncan , Weil Robert J. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVEThe goal of this study was to compare outcomes of carotid endarterectomy performed by neurological, general, and vascular surgeons.METHODSThe authors identified 80,475 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy between 2006 and 2015 in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, a prospectively collected, national clinical database with established reproducibility and validity. Nine hundred forty-three patients were operated on by a neurosurgeon; 75,649 by a vascular surgeon; and 3734 by a general surgeon. Preoperative and intraoperative characteristics and 30-day outcomes were stratified by the surgeon’s primary specialty. Using propensity scores, comprising pre- and intraoperative characteristics as well as procedure and diagnostic codes, the authors matched 203 neurosurgery (NS) patients to 203 vascular surgery (VS) patients and 203 NS patients to 203 general surgery (GS) patients. No pre- or intraoperative factors were significantly different between specialties in the matched sample. Regular logistic regression and conditional logistic regression were used to predict postoperative complications in the full sample and in the matched sample.RESULTSIn the complete population sample, NS patients, when compared to patients of general and vascular surgeons, were less likely to be admitted from home and more likely to have carotid artery occlusion or stenosis with cerebral infarction, to be a current smoker, to have had recent chemo- or radiotherapy, to have surgery under general anesthesia, to undergo multiple procedures, and to have longer surgery times. In unadjusted analyses, NS patients were more likely to experience major complications (NS vs VS: odds ratio 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.6; NS vs GS: odds ratio 1.3, 95% CI 1.0–1.7); minor complications (NS vs VS: odds ratio 2.9, 95% CI 2.0–4.1; NS vs GS: odds ratio 2.7, 95% CI 1.7–4.2); intra- or postoperative transfusions (NS vs VS: odds ratio 1.6, 95% CI 1.4–1.9; NS vs GS: odds ratio 1.9, 95% CI 1.6–2.3); prolonged hospitalization (NS vs VS: odds ratio 3.0, 95% CI 2.6–3.5; NS vs GS: odds ratio 2.6, 95% CI 2.2–3.0); and discharge to skilled care facilities (NS vs VS: odds ratio 2.8, 95% CI 2.3–3.4; NS vs GS: odds ratio 3.1, 95% CI 2.4–4.1). In adjusted, propensity-matched analyses, however, patients’ outcome with carotid endarterectomy performed by NS was comparable with those completed by GS and VS.CONCLUSIONSPatients who undergo carotid endarterectomy performed by a neurosurgeon tend to have a greater preoperative disease burden than do those treated by a general or vascular surgeon, which contributes significantly to more morbid postoperative courses. In patients matched carefully on the basis of health status at the time of surgery and intraoperative variables that affect results, patients’ outcomes after carotid endarterectomy do not appear to depend on the attending surgeon’s primary specialty.
Nervus intermedius and the surgical management of geniculate neuralgia
Authors: Peris-Celda Maria , Oushy Soliman , Perry Avital , Graffeo Christopher S. , Carlstrom Lucas P. , Zimmerman Richard S. , Meyer Fredric B. , Pollock Bruce E. , Link Michael J. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVEGeniculate neuralgia (GN) is an uncommon craniofacial pain syndrome attributable to nervus intermedius (NI) dysfunction. Diagnosis and treatment can be challenging, due to the complex nature of ear sensory innervation, resulting in clinical overlap with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN).METHODSA retrospective review of a prospective neurosurgical database at our institution was performed, 2000–2017, with a corresponding systematic literature review. Pain outcomes were dichotomized as unfavorable for unchanged/worsened symptoms versus favorable if improved/resolved. Eight formalin-fixed brains were examined to describe NI at the brainstem.RESULTSEleven patients were surgically treated for GN—9 primary, 2 reoperations. The median age was 48, 7 patients were female, and the median follow-up was 11 months (range 3–143). Seven had ≥ 2 probable cranial neuralgias. NI was sectioned in 9 and treated via microvascular decompression (MVD) in 2. Five patients underwent simultaneous treatment for TN (4 MVD; 1 rhizotomy) and 5 for GPN (3 MVD; 2 rhizotomy). Eleven reported symptomatic improvement (100%); 8 initially reported complete resolution (73%). Pain outcomes at last contact were favorable in 8 (73%)—all among the 9 primary operations (89% vs 0%, p = 0.054). Six prior series reported outcomes in 111 patients.CONCLUSIONSGN is rare, and diagnosis is confounded by symptomatic overlap with TN/GPN. Directed treatment of all possible neuralgias improved pain control in almost all primary operations. Repeat surgery seems a risk factor for an unfavorable outcome. NI is adherent to superomedial VIII at the brainstem; the intermediate/cisternal portion is optimal for visualization and sectioning.
Currarino syndrome: repair of the dysraphic anomalies and resection of the presacral mass in a combined neurosurgical and general surgical approach
Authors: Cearns Michael D. , Hettige Samantha , De Coppi Paolo , Thompson Dominic N. P. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVEIt is well established that Currarino syndrome (CS) may be associated with spinal dysraphism. Here, the authors report on 10 CS patients with dysraphic anomalies who had undergone a combined neurosurgical and general surgical approach to repair the dysraphic anomalies and resect the presacral mass in a single operation. They discuss the spectrum of spinal dysraphism that may coexist in CS in the context of its developmental etiology.METHODSChildren with a confirmed CS diagnosis who had undergone the combined operative approach were identified from a departmental database. Presenting features were recorded and preoperative imaging was analyzed to record features of the presacral mass and the dysraphic anomalies. The histopathological nature of the resected presacral mass and the outcomes postoperatively and at the last follow-up were reviewed.RESULTSBetween 2008 and 2015, 10 patients presented with CS, 9 with constipation. Median age at the time of surgery was 1.3 years. Six of the 10 patients had anorectal malformation consisting of anal stenosis, rectal stenosis, or imperforate anus. Spinal anomalies included anterior meningocele (5 cases), low-lying conus (8), terminal syrinx (4), fatty filum (5), caudal lipoma (3), and intraspinal cyst (1). In all cases, the lumbosacral spinal canal was accessed via a midline approach with laminoplasty, allowing spinal cord untethering and repair of the dysraphic anomalies. Following dural closure, the incision was extended inferiorly to incorporate a posterior sagittal approach to resect the presacral mass. The histopathological nature of the mass was mature teratoma (8 cases), complex hamartomatous malformation (1), or neurenteric cyst (1). There were no new instances of neurological deterioration, with most instances of persisting morbidity related to constipation (6 cases) or neurogenic bladder dysfunction (8). There were no infective complications, no instances of cerebrospinal fluid fistula, no recurrences of the presacral mass, and no cases of retethering of the spinal cord.CONCLUSIONSAlthough not part of the original triad, spinal dysraphic anomalies are common in CS and in keeping with a disorder of secondary neurulation. Lumbosacral MRI is an essential investigation when CS is suspected. Children are at risk of sphincter impairment due to the anorectal malformation; however, both spinal cord tethering and compression from the presacral mass may further compromise long-term continence. A combined operative approach to repair the dysraphic anomalies and resect the presacral mass is described with good postoperative and long-term outcomes.
FEATURES OF HEAVY METALS DISTRIBUTION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE RIVERS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Lyuta N. G. 
Published: August 2018

The chemical composition of bottom sediments is an important indicator of the ecological state of both water systems and watershed areas, since contaminated bottom sediments are a potential source of secondary pollution of aquatic systems. The analysis of recent publications shows that great attention has been paid to the chemical composition of bottom sediments, however, as a rule, these studies are of a local nature, that is, they cover very small areas. This often raises the issue of criteria for assessing the ecological and geochemical status of bottom sediments, since a small number of samples does not allow correctly determining the local geochemical background. In addition, generally accepted norms, for example, the maximum allowable concentrations, do not exist for bottom sediments. In these conditions, data on regional geochemical backgrounds of pollutants are needed. The need for the implementation of the Water Framework Directive in Ukraine, which requires the introduction of water management basin-based, necessitates the determination of the geochemical characteristics of bottom sediments within the river basin territories. To study the distribution of heavy metals and determine their regional backgrounds in the bottom sediments, a database of environmental and geochemical information was used in the GIS, one of the blocks of which is information on the content of chemical elements and compounds in the bottom sediments of watercourses and water bodies of Ukraine, and the electronic map of river basins of Ukraine. Based on the analysis in the GIS of information on the chemical composition of the bottom sediments of the rivers of Ukraine (about 8,1 thousand samples), regional geochemical background of lead, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel and cobalt have been determined. The main regularities of distribution of chemical elements in bottom sediments in the territory of Ukraine are established. For the chemical elements in question, a gradual increase in their content in soils from north to south, that is, from the river basins of the Polissya zone to the basins of the Steppe landscape-climatic zone, is consistent with the geochemical features of the soil cover of the catchment areas. The increased background content of chemical elements in bottom sediments often spatially coincides with the spread of soil differences in the catchment areas, which also have a high content of these elements. The maximum background content of most heavy metals in bottom sediments is naturally clearly recorded within the Carpathian-Crimean metallogenic province. Thus, despite the long and intensive technogenic impact on the surface water bodies of Ukraine, it is necessary to note the priority of natural factors in the formation of the chemical composition of bottom sediments, at least for the heavy metals considered above.
No Significant Difference in Cognitive Decline and Mortality between Parkinson’s Disease Dementia and Dementia with Lewy Bodies: Naturalistic Longitudinal Data from the Swedish Dementia Registry
Authors: Fereshtehnejad Seyed-Mohammad , Lökk Johan , Wimo Anders , Eriksdotter Maria 
Published: August 2018

Background: Whether dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) are distinct disorders or two subtypes of the same entity, is not yet fully understood. There is a dearth of knowledge on differences in longitudinal clinical outcomes between DLB and PDD. Objective: We aimed to compare longitudinal trend of cognitive decline, mortality, and their determinant factors between patients with DLB and PDD. Methods: At baseline, we recruited 1110 DLB, and 764 PDD patients registered in the Swedish dementia registry (SveDem) during 2007–2015. Cognitive status was assessed at baseline and each follow-up visit by mini-mental state examination (MMSE). At least one follow-up MMSE was available for 411 (37.0%) DLB and 229 (30.0%) PDD patients. Rate of cognitive decline and mortality risk were compared between the two groups. Results: After an average of 2-years, the rate of cognitive decline did not differ between DLB (1.1 MMSE unit/year) and PDD (1.2 MMSE unit/year) groups ( p = 0.970). There was no significant difference in the median survival time between DLB (4.0 years) and PDD (4.1 years) groups (Log rank p = 0.614). Antipsychotic drug use in DLB and larger number of medications in PDD were the most important determinants of faster annual cognitive decline. Conclusions: Our findings from real-world clinical practice demonstrated that the rate of cognitive decline and mortality do not differ significantly between DLB and PDD at least over 2 years, yet, various factors might determine clinical outcome in these two groups. It seems that DLB and PDD are probably similar synucleinopathies, with phenotypical variations in the order of manifestations rather than course of progression and clinical outcome.
The Warm Neptunes around HD 106315 Have Low Stellar Obliquities
Authors: Zhou George , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Vanderburg Andrew , Quinn Samuel N. , Irwin Jonathan , Huang Chelsea X. , Latham David W. , Bieryla Allyson , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Berlind Perry , Calkins Michael L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We present the obliquity of the warm Neptune HD 106315c measured via a series of spectroscopic transit observations. HD 106315c is a 4.4 R
Earth warm Neptune orbiting a moderately rotating late F star with a period of 21.05 days. HD 106315 also hosts a 2.5 R
Earth super-Earth on a 9.55 day orbit. Our Doppler tomographic analyses of four transits observed by the Magellan/MIKE, HARPS, and TRES facilities find HD 106315c to be in a low stellar obliquity orbit, consistent with being well aligned with the spin axis of the host star at

. We suggest, via dynamical N-body simulations, that the two planets in the system must be coplanar, and thus are both well aligned with the host star. HD 106315 is only the fourth warm Neptune system with obliquities measured. All warm Neptune systems have been found in well aligned geometries, consistent with the interpretation that these systems are formed in situ in the inner protoplanetary disk, and also consistent with the majority of Kepler multi-planet systems that are in low obliquity orbits. With a transit depth of 1.02 mmag, HD 106315c is among the smallest planets to have been detected in transit spectroscopy, and we discuss its detection in the context of TESS and the next generations of spectrographs.
Magnetic Waves Excited by Newborn Interstellar Pickup Ions Measured by the Voyager Spacecraft from 1 to 45 au. I. Wave Properties
Authors: Hollick Sophia J. , Smith Charles W. , Pine Zackary B. , Argall Matthew R. , Joyce Colin J. , Isenberg Philip A. , Vasquez Bernard J. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Sokół Justyna M. , Bzowski Maciej , Kubiak Marzena A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We have surveyed the Voyager magnetic field data from launch through 1990 in search of low-frequency waves that are excited by newborn interstellar pickup ions (PUIs). During this time the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft reached 43.5 and 33.6 au, respectively. The use of daily spectrograms permits us to perform a thorough search of the data. We have identified 637 different data intervals that show evidence of waves excited by either pickup He+, H+, or both, and these intervals extend to the furthest distances in the years studied. To compare wave features against more typical interplanetary observations, we also employ 1675 data intervals spanning the same years that do not contain wave signatures and use these as control intervals. While the majority of wave events display the classic spectral characteristics of waves due to PUIs, including left-hand polarization in the spacecraft frame, a significant number of the events are right-hand polarized in the spacecraft frame. We have no complete explanation for this result, but we do show that right-handed waves are seen when the local magnetic field is nonradial.
The Importance of Quantum Pressure of Fuzzy Dark Matter on Lyα Forest
Authors: Zhang Jiajun , Kuo Jui-Lin , Liu Hantao , Tsai Yue-Lin Sming , Cheung Kingman , Chu Ming-Chung 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
With recent Lyα forest data from BOSS and XQ-100, some studies suggested that the lower mass limit on the fuzzy dark matter (FDM) particles is lifted up to

. However, such a limit was obtained by ΛCDM simulations with the FDM initial condition and the quantum pressure (QP) was not taken into account, which could have generated non-trivial effects in large-scale structures. We investigate the QP effects in cosmological simulations systematically, and find that the QP leads to further suppression of the matter power spectrum at small scales, as well as the halo mass function in the low-mass end. We estimate the suppressing effect of QP in the 1D flux power spectrum of Lyα forest and compare it with data from BOSS and XQ-100. The rough uncertainties of thermal gas properties in the flux power spectrum model calculation were discussed. We conclude that more systematic studies, especially with QP taken into account, are necessary to constrain FDM particle mass using Lyα forest.
Sub-arcsecond Kinematic Structure of the Outflow in the Vicinity of the Protostar in L483
Authors: Oya Yoko , Sakai Nami , Watanabe Yoshimasa , López-Sepulcre Ana , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Lefloch Bertrand , Yamamoto and Satoshi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The bipolar outflow associated with the Class 0 low-mass protostellar source (IRAS 18148–0440) in L483 has been studied in the CCH and CS line emission at 245 and 262 GHz, respectively. Sub-arcsecond resolution observations of these lines have been conducted with ALMA. Structures and kinematics of the outflow cavity wall are investigated in the CS line, and are analyzed by using a parabolic model of an outflow. We constrain the inclination angle of the outflow to be from 75° to 90°, i.e., the outflow is blowing almost perpendicular to the line of sight. Comparing the outflow parameters derived from the model analysis with those of other sources, we confirm that the opening angle of the outflow and the gas velocity on its cavity wall correlate with the dynamical timescale of the outflows. Moreover, a hint of a rotating motion of the outflow cavity wall is found. Although the rotation motion is marginal, the specific angular momentum of the gas on the outflow cavity wall is evaluated to be comparable to or twice that of the infalling-rotating envelope of L483.
New Oe Stars in LAMOST DR5
Authors: Li 李 Guang-Wei 广伟 , Shi Jian-Rong , Yanny Brian , Bai Zhong-Rui , Yu Si-Cheng , Dong Yi-qiao , Lei Ya-Juan , Yuan Hai-Long , Zhang Wei , Zhao Yong-Heng 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Stars of spectral type Oe are very rare. To date, only 13 Oe stars have been identified within our Galaxy. In this paper, we present six new Oe stars and four new B0e stars found in LAMOST DR5. Repeated spectral observations of the same Oe stars show some emission-line variability. The Hβ emission of TYC 4801-17-1 shows rapid V/R variation. Phase lags in the V/R ratio of TYC 4801-17-1 spectra are also seen. We found that the unusual O4.5 star RL 128 is an Oe star with variable Hα intensity and its Ca ii triplet emission appears when Hα emission reaches maximum intensity. These newly identified early-type Oe and B0e stars significantly increase the known sample.
Black Hole and Neutron Star Binary Mergers in Triple Systems: Merger Fraction and Spin–Orbit Misalignment
Authors: Liu Bin , Lai Dong 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Black hole (BH) mergers driven by gravitational perturbations of external companions constitute an important class of formation channels for merging BH binaries detected by LIGO. We have studied the orbital and spin evolution of binary BHs in triple systems, where the tertiary companion excites large eccentricity in the inner binary through Lidov–Kozai oscillations, causing the binary to merge via gravitational radiation. Using the single-averaged and double-averaged secular dynamics of triples (where the equations of motion are averaged over the inner orbit and both orbits, respectively), we perform a large set of numerical integrations to determine the merger window (the range of companion inclinations that allows the inner binary to merge within ∼10 Gyr) and the merger fraction as a function of various system parameters (e.g., the binary masses m
1, m
2 and initial semimajor axis a
0, the mass, semimajor axis, and eccentricity

of the outer companion). For typical BH binaries (

and a
0 ≳ 10 au), the merger fraction increases rapidly with e
out because of the octupole perturbation, ranging from ∼1% at

to 10%–20% at e
out = 0.9. We derive analytical expressions and approximate scaling relations for the merger window and merger fraction for systems with negligible octupole effect, and apply them to neutron star binary mergers in triples. We also follow the spin evolution of the BHs during the companion-induced orbital decay, where de Sitter spin precession competes with Lidov–Kozai orbital precession/nutation. Starting from aligned spin axes (relative to the orbital angular momentum axis), a wide range of final spin–orbit misalignment angle θ
sl
f can be generated when the binary enters the LIGO sensitivity band. For systems where the octupole effect is small (such as those with m
1 ≃ m
2 or e
out ∼ 0), the distribution of

peaks around 90°. As the octupole effect increases, a more isotropic distribution of final spin axis is produced. Overall, merging BH binaries produced by Lidov–Kozai oscillations in triples exhibit a unique distribution of the effective (mass-weighted) spin parameter χ
eff; this may be used to distinguish this formation channel from other dynamical channels.