bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
أهمية قوانين المصارف الشرعية في إندونيسيا )ﻧﻅﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻓﺳﻳﺭﺍﻟﻣﻮﻀﻭﻋﻰ (
Authors: Majid Zamakhsyari Abdul 
Published: September 2019

إن إندونيسيا هي أكبر دولة إسلامية من حيث عدد السكان المسلمين في العالم، إذ يبلغ عدد السكان المسلمين نحو 204 ملايين نسمة. إن هذا العدد الكبير من المسلمين يشكل إمكانات كبيرة لتطوير الخدمات المصرفية الإسلامية. وقد بدأ هذا الموضوع في جذب اهتمام الحكومة إلى إصدار القوانين الداعمة للمصارف /البنوك الشرعية / الإسلامية. وذلك عبر السياسات والقرارات المتخذة عبرة فترة استمرت 36 سنة. في الفترة (1974-2008)، بدءا من عقد ندوة وطنية حول العلاقات الثنائية بين إندونيسيا والشرق الأوسط. والتي تمخضت عن فكرة إإنشاء البنوك الإسلامية. في عام 1988 قامت الحكومة بإصدار حزمة من القرارات والسياسات التي عرفت فيما بعد بقرارات أكتوبر 1988 (PAKTO ) والتي سعت إلى صبغة البنوك في اندونيسيا بالصبغة اللبرالية، خلت حزمة القرارات المذكورة من أي ذكر للمصارف أو البنوك الإسلامية. ولكنها ذكرت بشكل ضمني أن البنوك يمكن أن تحدد سعر الفائدة البنكية بنسبة 0% . بعد إصدار حزمة قرارات أكتوبر المذكورة بدأت البنوك الصغيرة والمسماة بنوك القروض الشعبية (Bank Perkreditan Rakyat ) والقائمة بناء على الأسس الإسلامية بالنشوء. وجود وعمل هذه البنوك الصغيرة على الأسس الإسلامية كان اكبر دافع لإنشاء أول بنك عام تجاري غير قائم على أساس الفائدة الربوية. وبعد ذلك بأقل من ستنين منذ إصدار باقة قرارات أكتوبر ، وبتارييخ 19-22 أغسطس 1990 أقيمت ورشة عمل للعلماء حول الفوائد البنكية في شيسروا، بوغور، والتي نتج عنها قرار بتكون لجان عمل لإنشاء البنك الإسلامي في إندونيسيا. في عام 1991 تم إنشاء بنك المعاملات إندونيسيا. فقد كان إنشاء ذلك البنك كأول مصرف إسلامي إستجابة جيدة من قبل الحكومة ، وقد قد بدأ نشاطاته في الأول من مايو 1992. ولكن ومع مرور الوقت ومرور إندونيسيا بالضائقة المالية عام 1997-1998 والتي أدت إلى خسائر كبيرة للمصارف في إندونيسيا وخاصة البنوك التقليدية وأدى إلى نتائج سلبية في الموازنة البنكية. للحد من تداعيات الأزمة الإقتصادية ، صدر في عام 1998 القانون رقم . 10 عام 1998 والتي أعطت الفرصة لنمو البنوك الإسلامية والتي احتوت على فصول من بينها السماح بإنشاء البنوك ذات النظام البنكي المزدوج. ومع كل التطورات الحثيثة في عالم البنوك الإندونيسية ، تم في عام 2008 إقرار القانون رقم. 21 عام 2008 حول المصارف الإسلامية، والمأمول أن يكون لها تأثير ملموس في نمو البنوك الإسلامية مستقبلا.الكلمات الأساسية. المصارف الإسلامية ، البنوك التقليدية، و الوحدات الإقتصادية الشرعية.
Identity Politics in Cultural and Structural Islam in Indonesia
Authors: Aji Ahmad Mukri , Yunus Nur Rohim 
Published: September 2019

This paper seeks to discuss the notion of identity politics in the context of Islamic identity in Indonesia. In this context, the discourse of identity politics is correlated with the concept of structural and cultural Islam, represented by the Indonesian people. In some cases, the politics of identity is often associated with intolerance and social inclusivity. The Jakarta governor election is an example when one of the candidates was a Christian Chinese and accused of committing religious blasphemy in his speech. This study concludes that both structural and cultural Islam reflect the variety of Islamic expressions, which all deserve appreciation due to the roles they have played in the development of the Muslim society. Masing-masing individu memiliki kebebasan untuk beragama di Indonesia, meskipun kebebasan itu terikat untuk tidak mengusik agama lainnya. Ketentuan ini diadopsi Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia dengan memberi perlindungan bagi warga negara untuk memeluk agama tanpa harus mendapat gangguan atau ancaman dari pihak manapun. Undang-Undang PNPS Nomor 1 tahun 1965 merupakan sikap negara hukum Indonesia yang tidak membiarkan pihak manapun merongrong agama resmi yang diakui negara. Fenomena yang terjadi akhir-akhir ini adalah inklusivitas sosial umat muslim yang dianggap kurang terhadap kaum minoritas. Hal ini terlihat dari sikap Muslim yang melakukan beberapa aksi protes akibat perilaku penistaan agama yang dilakukan mantan gubernur Jakarta. Dengan demikian, muncul klaim dari agama lain bahwa kaum muslim sedang melakukan politik identitas yang berdampak adanya sikap intoleransi terhadap kaum minoritas.
Revisiting the Role of Women as Witnesses in Fiqh Justice
Authors: Dahwadin Dahwadin , Abdillah Syaik , Sunarsa Sasa , Somantri Muhamad Dani , Syaripudin Enceng Iip , Fauziah Hapsah 
Published: September 2019

This paper discusses the role of women as witnesses in a court. This is one of debatable issues in Islamic law considering the provision stating that the value of two women’s testimony is equal to one man’s testimony. Based on a more comprehensive discussion and by revisiting the Islamic resources on this issue, this paper concludes that the provision in the hadith, historically, regards heavily on women’s capability and readiness to perform their duties as witnesses. It can be seen in the case of qadzaf where women can be witnesses for themselves (by stating four oaths in the name of Allah). Therefore, in the current development, women’s role as witnesses needs to be reconsidered so that women can appear in the judiciary to play a role in supporting justice. Penelitian literatur (library research) ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa bagaimana pandangan kesaksian perempuan dalam Islam melalui pendekatan analitik terhadap ketentuan dalam fikih keadilan yang ditinjau melalui berbagai berbagai corak diskusi dan referensi yang mendukung penelitian ini. Kesaksian merupakan proses menemukan dan membuktikan kebenaran dalam perkara perdata maupun pidana. Dalam hukum Islam, hal-hal yang membutuhkan kesaksian seperti itu adalah pernikahan dan perceraian yang menyangkut hudud dan qisha. Ada beberapa kriteria khusus dalam memberikan kesaksian. Dalam masalah-masalah spesifik, perempuan tidak diizinkan memberikan kesaksian, diantaranya ialah wilayah hudud dan qisha. Ketentuan lainnya ialah perempuan dapat menjadi saksi di pengadilan, tetapi hanya dalam kasus perdata (transaksi keuangan), dan itupun bobot dua wanita sama dengan satu pria. Apabila merujuk pada makna teks, maka jelas siapa pun dia (wanita) dan kualifikasinya tidak diperbolehkan untuk melayani sebagai saksi dalam kasus pidana. Meskipun secara historis, terbukti banyak wanita cerdas, memiliki kedewasaan emosional, kredibilitas, dan berbagai kemampuan yang memenuhi syarat untuk tampil sebagai saksi dalam kasus-kasus, baik sipil maupun pidana. Masalah kesaksian seorang perempuan tersebut dinilai oleh sebagian orang sebagai salah satu perbedaan yang mensubordinasi perempuan.
THE STATE AS AN ESSENTIAL VALUE (ḌARŪRIYYĀT) OF THE MAQĀṢID AL-SHARĪ‘AH
Authors: Kayadibi Saim 
Published: September 2019

Muslim scholars have mainly considered the maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah within three categories: ḍarūriyyāt (the essentials), ḥājiyyāt (the complementaries) and tahsīniyyāt (the desirables or the embellishments). The concept of maṣlaḥah is meant to protect the maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah (the higher objectives of sharī‘ah), which consist of seven essential values, namely religion, life, intellect, lineage, wealth, honour and state, all of which promote the people’s welfare and prevent all kind of evils. They are considered essentials because neglecting them would cause total social disruption and anarchy. Even though classical scholars considered the darūriyyāt to be six in number, this article suggests that the value of “state” be added to this list. The values in the darūriyyāt category must be upheld and protected from any real or unexpected threats either by maintaining the essentials or removing the disruption. The concept of state is just as essential as the other six values, for without it, all of them would be endangered and considered incomplete. Therefore, the “state” value guarantees the continued existence of other values. In this paper, the author argues that this value should be regarded as a seventh essential value. Para cendekiawan Muslim telah mempertimbangkan maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah dalam tiga kategori: ūarūriyyāt (esensi), ḥājiyyāt (pelengkap) dan tahsīniyyāt (keinginan atau hiasan). Konsep maṣlaḥat dimaksudkan untuk melindungi maqāṣid al-sharī'ah (tujuan yang lebih tinggi dari syariat), yang terdiri dari tujuh nilai esensial, yaitu agama, kehidupan, kecerdasan, garis keturunan, kekayaan, kehormatan dan negara. Semuanya bermaksud kesejahteraan rakyat dan mencegah semua jenis kejahatan. Mengabaikan hal itu akan menyebabkan gangguan sosial dan anarki total. Meskipun para sarjana klasik menganggap darūriyyāt berjumlah enam, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai "negara" ditambahkan ke daftar ini. Nilai-nilai dalam kategori itu harus dijunjung tinggi dan dilindungi dari ancaman nyata atau tidak terduga, baik dengan mempertahankan esensi atau menghilangkan gangguan. Konsep negara sama pentingnya dengan enam nilai lainnya, karena tanpa itu, semuanya akan terancam dan dianggap tidak lengkap. Oleh karena itu, nilai “negara” menjamin keberlanjutan keberadaan nilai-nilai lain. Peneliti berpendapat bahwa nilai ini harus dianggap sebagai nilai esensial ketujuh.
Reverse remodelling of the heart after atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Gasimova N. Z. , Mikhaylov E. N. , Orshanskaya V. S. , Kamenev A. V. , Tatarsky R. B. , Abramov M. L. , Naymushin M. A. , Lebedeva V. K. , Vander M. A. , Garkina S. V. , Simonova K. A. , Lebedev D. S. 
Published: September 2019

Aim. To evaluate the effect of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation (CA) on long-term freedom from AF and left heart reverse remodeling in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Methods. There were 47 patients (mean age 53.3 ± 10 years, 39 males) enrolled into single-center observational study, with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40 %. Patients underwent CA for AF refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs. Baseline clinical data and diagnostic tests results were obtained during personal visits and / or via secure telemedical services. Personal contact with evaluation of recurrence of AF and echocardiographic values was performed with 30 (64 %) patients.Results. Paroxysmal AF was present in 12 (40 %) patients, persistent – in 18 (60 %). During mean follow-up of 3 years (0.5–6 years) redo ablation was performed in 9 patients (30 %) with average number of 1.3 procedures per patient. At 6 months 24 (80 %) patients were free from AF, at last follow-up – 16 (53 %). The mean time to first recurrence following CA was 15.6±13.3 months. Follow-up echocardiography revealed significant LVEF improvement (р<0,0001), reduction of left atrium size (р<0,0001), left ventricle end-diastolic volume (р<0,002) and left ventricle endsystolic volume (p<0,0001) and mitral regurgitation (р=0,001).Conclusion. AF CA in patients with HFrEF is associated with improvement in systolic function and left heart reverse remodeling. Durable long-term antiarrhythmic effect often requires repeated procedures.
Evaluation of the QTc internal and QT dispersion in patients with newly detected clinical hypothyroidism
Authors: N. Aravind G. , R. Archita 
Published: September 2019

Background: Thyroid hormones play an important role in the orchestration of various metabolic functions in the body and thus thyroid dysfunction can produce dramatic cardiovascular effects. Electrocardiographic changes such as bradycardia, low voltage complexes, and varying degrees of heart block are commonly recognized in hypothyroid patients. Hypothyroidism has been found to be associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hence, it is important to investigate the ECG profile in these patients. The present study was aimed at evaluating the QTc interval and QT dispersion, an indicator of inhomogeneity of ventricular repolarisation and cardiac autonomic modulation in patients with newly detected clinical hypothyroidism.Methods: 50 patients with newly detected clinical hypothyroidism and 50 healthy controls were included in the study. The ECG was recorded and the heart-rate, QTc interval and QT dispersion were calculated.Results: The mean heart-rate was found to be significantly (p <0.05) reduced in hypothyroid patients when compared to healthy controls. The mean QTc interval and QT dispersion were significantly increased in hypothyroid patients when compared to controls. QTmin and QTmax of cases and controls also showed a statistically significant difference.Conclusion: Thus, the present study confirms the role of thyroid hormones on the cardiovascular system, particularly on ventricular repolarisation and cardiac autonomic modulation. Hence, early and prompt therapy with levothyroxine may help to prevent the adverse events resulting from cardiovascular dysfunction.
Evaluation of knowledge and perception regarding pneumonia among the mothers of under-ten children in Tangail, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman M. Masuder , Khairul Azam M. 
Published: September 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Childhood pneumonia is a serious infection and the single largest infectious cause of death in children. The study aims to evaluate knowledge and perception among mothers on pneumonia diseases among the children.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A hospital based study was conducted to describe socio-demographic factors of mothers, their knowledge and perception of pneumonia disease. Study was conducted at Sheikh Hasina Medical College Hospital in Tangail from June to July 2018 by interviewing 215 mothers of children under-ten years attending a pediatric clinic by using structured questionnaire. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The parents were predominantly primary school graduates (70.7%). The majority of the father worked as daily laborer (61.9%) with about 5-10K BDT of family income per month. Around 88.4% of the mothers had fair knowledge about pneumonia. For children treatment, 90.2% parents consulted with qualified doctor, about 10% utilized self-medication. About 44.7% children were suffered from fever during pneumonia, about 42.8% was experienced shortness of breath, and about 28.4% experienced of wheezing. About 90.2% parents believed that the indoor temperature, humidity and air movement has effect on pneumonia. About 92.6% cares of reducing indoor smoke and dust, about 40.5% families have a smoker. The lack of knowledge among mothers about simple signs and symptoms of pneumonia and also about its causes and factors related with it has become important findings of this study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Community based public health education and training for health providers at all levels have to be provided about correct and applicable prevention and assessments of pneumonia.</p>
Teaching Writing: Fragments of a Poet’s Credo
Authors: Leggo Carl 
Published: September 2019

Author’s abstract: I have been in school since I was four years old. Now, at the age of sixty-five, I look back on a long life spent in classrooms, as a learner and a school teacher and a professor of education, and I am filled with amazement that I have grown old! I was probably in my thirties before I began to understand how education always occurs in communities of teachers and learners who teach and learn from one another, who search and research together. As a beginning teacher, I wavered between feeling powerless and powerful. On the one hand, I assumed that I was in control in the classroom; I was the primary decision-maker. But, on the other hand, I typically expected educational experts to tell me what I should do. I depended on the stipulations of school administrators, the publications of professors, and the professional development workshops of school district consultants to guide, convince, and inspire me in my teaching. And, now that I’ve been a professor for a long time, I also know that professors don’t really know very much. They might profess a lot, but they know the searching is always in process, returning to the beginning of the search again and again in order to know the quests and the questions in lively other ways. As scholars, theorists, artists, and educators, we need to attend to language. We need to attend to etymology, diction, grammar, syntax, metaphors, and interpretation. All my life I have been enamoured with the necromancy of the alphabet, the magic of spelling, the alchemy of grammar, the mystery of books—the potent fecundity of language. I am always seeking connections to scholars who are committed to provoking scholarship with heartful and artful dedication.
Editor’s Preface: With the permission of his family, we are honoured to publish posthumously “Teaching Writing: Fragments of a Poet’s Credo” by Carl Leggo. Carl submitted this piece to Art/Research International on January 28, 2019, only five and a half weeks before he passed from his physical being and life on Earth. Even as he “dwell[ed] daily in the space between living and dying” with cancer, Carl graciously offered earnest reflections about writing, poetry, and living well in the world: “fragments and suggestions from [his] credo …what [he has] given [his] heart to.” His wise words, always inspiring, are ever more precious now, a living reminder of the poet, teacher, and scholar he was and always will be to so many of his colleagues, friends, and students: thoughtful, erudite, generous, kind, courageous, vulnerable—and steadfastly hopeful. “Teaching Writing: Fragments of a Poet’s Credo” is rich ground to return to again and again: a succinct articulation of Carl’s ways of living poetically in the world, all threaded through with insights from some of his favourite authors. May “Teaching Writing” reverberate among Carl’s many poems, articles, and books—and more widely, among the writings of those who share his he(art)ful path in the academy. May these ever widening and deepening reverberations bring healing and benefit to many.
- Susan Walsh, Ph.D.
The Library’s Impact on University Students’ Academic Success and Learning
Authors: Scoulas Jung Mi , De Groote Sandra L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective – The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among student library visits, library resource use, library space satisfaction (e.g., quiet study space), and students’ academic performance (i.e., Grade Point Average or GPA) using quantitative data and to better understand how the academic library has an impact on students’ learning from students’ perspectives using qualitative data.
Methods – A survey was distributed during the Spring 2018 semester to graduate and undergraduate students at a large public research institution. Survey responses consisted of two types of data: (1) quantitative data pertaining to multiple choice questions related to the student library experience, and (2) qualitative data, including open-ended questions, regarding students’ perceptions of the library’s impact on their learning. Quantitative data was analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlations between students’ library experience and their GPAs, whereas qualitative data was analyzed employing thematic analysis.
Results – The key findings from the quantitative data show that student library visits and library space satisfaction were negatively associated with their GPA, whereas most students’ use of library resources (e.g., journal articles and databases) was positively associated with their GPAs. The primary findings from the qualitative data reveal that students perceived the library as a place where they can concentrate and complete their work. Additionally, the students reported that they utilize both the quiet and collaborative study spaces interchangeably depending on their academic needs, and expressed that the library provides them with invaluable resources that enhance their coursework and research.
Conclusions – While the findings show that the student library experience was associated with their academic achievements, there were mixed findings in the study. The findings suggest that as a student’s GPA increases, their in-person library visits and library space satisfaction decrease. On the other hand, as a student’s GPA increases, their library resource usage increases. Further investigation is needed to better understand the negative relationship between students’ library visits, library space satisfaction, and their GPAs.
Do biopoder ao cuidado de si
Authors: De Sá Ribeiro Aymoré Débora , Coelho André Luiz Souza 
Published: September 2019

<p>Nosso artigo analisa a transição de ênfase de Michel Foucault da biopolítica, relacionada às populações, para o cuidado de si. O “biopoder” está relacionado, primeiramente, ao controle social exercido como um direito de morte do soberano sobre seus súditos e, a partir dos séculos XVIII e XIX, se operacionaliza por meio da administração dos corpos e na gestão da vida, em questões relativas à natalidade, à saúde pública e à migração. Torna-se um desiderato político-social a constituição dos corpos e mentes dóceis, aptas ao trabalho. No entanto, em suas obras tardias, nos últimos volumes da <em>História da Sexualidade</em> e suas aulas no Collège de France, entre 1980 e 1982, parte delas reunidas em <em>A hermenêutica do sujeito</em>, Foucault transita para uma reelaboração da ética do cuidado, que se caracteriza pelo retorno à moral greco-romana para dela reelaborar uma ética como o modo como o indivíduo se constitui a si mesmo como um sujeito moral de suas próprias ações, isto é, a ética como a relação de si para consigo. A compreensão dos processos, a prática dos cuidados em torno de si, cria rupturas com os padrões que obscurecem a nossa consciência da natureza dos modos anteriores e interiores que sustentam e orientam as instâncias mais consolidadas e localizadas no centro de nossas vidas. </p>
Digital skills and the cyber addiction at primary school
Authors: Dishkova Mariya , Papancheva Rumyana 
Published: September 2019

This paper considers the problem of Internet and more general cyber addiction of primary school children. The aim is to investigate the level of dependency of young children in Internet, computer games and devices. The authors work is part of a project work researching digital skills and media-education at early age. A survey with 274 fourth grade students is described and analysed in the context of the tendency to meet and fall in love with the screen from a younger age. Young children do not recognise the eager to take some digital device at hand as a problem. They cannot really estimate the time spent on games or other online activities. Theoretical review of the problem is done, and the basic aspects of cyber addiction are mentioned. The authorsâ€™ point of view is that higher digital skills at early age could be a factor for avoiding higher cyber addiction of the children.
Keywords: Cyber addiction, early age, digital skills, primary school, dependency.