bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep disordered breathing and ventilatory support in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Trucco Federica , Chatwin Michelle , Semple Thomas , Rosenthal Mark , Bush Andrew , Tan Hui‐Leng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractStudy ObjectivesObstructive sleep apnoea (OSAS) in children with Down syndrome (DS) is now well recognized, but other forms of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in this population are less well described. Anecdotally, respiratory support for SDB treatment in this population is not easily tolerated. We aimed to characterize the types of SDB in children with DS referred to a tertiary respiratory center and to assess the effectiveness and adherence to respiratory support.MethodsRetrospective study of DS patients <18 years old under follow‐up at a tertiary respiratory center. Anthropometrics, comorbidities, sleep study results, and details of respiratory support were collected. Satisfactory adherence to oxygen (O2), Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), or bilevel noninvasive ventilation (NIV) was defined as use >4 h/night for >50% nights.ResultsSixty patients were included, median age 1.5 (0.7‐5.3) years; 49 (82%) had congenital heart disease, 16 (27%) pulmonary hypertension, 28 (47%) gastroesophageal reflux, 38 (63%) swallowing impairment; 16/17 who underwent CT scanning had evidence of aspiration. Forty‐two had SDB: 27 (61%) OSAS (10 mild, 5 moderate, 12 severe), 11 (25%) central apnoeas, 19 (32%) nocturnal hypoventilation. Twenty‐six had baseline saturations <95%. Lower SpO2 correlated with pulmonary hypertension (r2 = 0.1, P = 0.04). Thirty‐nine (65%) patients started respiratory support (14 O2, 18 CPAP, 7 NIV) and 22 (56%) have regularly used it. After a 1.9 years follow up 11/24 had satisfactory adherence to CPAP/NIV (average use 8 h/night).ConclusionsOur results confirm the high prevalence of OSAS in children with DS. A significant number also have low baseline saturations, central apnoeas, and nocturnal hypoventilation. Contrary to popular belief, more than half of children with DS had satisfactory adherence to respiratory support.
The myriad challenges of respiratory fungal infection in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Tracy Michael C. , Moss Richard B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFungal infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recognized challenge, with many areas requiring further investigation. Consensus definitions exist for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillus in CF, but the full scope of clinically relevant non‐allergic fungal disease in CF—asymptomatic colonization, transient or chronic infection localized to endobronchial mucus plugs or airway tissue, and invasive disease—is yet to be clearly defined. Recent advances in mycological culture and non‐culture identification have expanded the list of both potential pathogens and community commensals in the lower respiratory tract. Here we aim to outline the current understanding of fungal presence in the CF respiratory tract, risk factors for acquiring fungi, host‐pathogen interactions that influence the role of fungi from bystander to pathogen, advances in the diagnostic approaches to isolating and identifying fungi in CF respiratory samples, challenges of classifying clinical phenotypes of CF patients with fungi, and current treatment approaches. Development and validation of biomarkers characteristic of different fungal clinical phenotypes, and controlled trials of antifungal agents in well‐characterized target populations, remain central challenges to surmount and goals to be achieved.
Neurocognitive disorders and sleep in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Şişmanlar Eyüboğlu Tuğba , Aslan Ayşe Tana , Ceylan Alper , Soysal Azime Şebnem , Budakoğlu Işıl İrem , Ulukavak Çiftçi Tansu , Köktürk Oğuz 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) patients have higher incidence of sleep disordered breathing which lead neurocognitive impairments such as attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It may effect academic performance of children and may cause impairment in emotional relationships. This study aim to evaluate hyperactivity and attention deficiency in PCD patients and investigate the relationship between sleep and hyperactivity and attention deficiency in PCD patients.MethodFifteen PCD patients aged 8‐18 years and 31 age‐matched healthy controls were compared. Ear, nose, and throat examination and home sleep testing were performed in PCD patients. Pediatric sleep questionnaire, Conners’ Parents and Teacher scale and Stroop test were applied in both groups in order to investigate the relation between sleep disordered breathing and ADHD in PCD children.ResultsPCD patients had chronic rhinosinusitis (100%), tonsillar hypertrophy (80%) and adenoidal hypertrophy (60%). FEF25‐75 was low in pulmonary function test. Sixty percent of the PCD patients had mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in home sleep testing. Mean AHI was 1.54 ± 0.27. Compared with the controls PCD patients had higher PSQ scores. Hyperactivity scores on Conners’ Parents scale and inattention findings in Stroop test were higher in PCD patients than the healthy controls (P < 0.05).ConclusionMost of PCD children had mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Hyperactivity and inattention findings were higher in PCD patients. Sleep disordered breathing assessment should be a routine part of PCD patients management and these patients should be carefully monitored in terms of hyperactivity and inattention.
Continuous versus discontinuous tumor involvement: A dilemma in prostate biopsy quantitation
Authors: Bsirini Caroline , Danakas Alexandra M. , Miyamoto Hiroshi 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundNo consensus has been reached for an optimal method of quantifying discontinuous tumor foci separated by intervening benign tissue on prostate biopsy (PBx). We examined sets of PBx, where cancer involved only one core, and corresponding radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens.Methods and ResultsCases were divided into 3 groups—Group 1 (n = 80): <3 mm in end‐to‐end tumor measurement (continuous/discontinuous); Group 2 (n = 22): ≥3 mm in tumor length (continuous); and Group 3 (n = 15): ≥3 mm in end‐to‐end tumor measurement (discontinuous). The rate of Gleason score ≥7 was considerably lower in Group 1 (9%/30% on PBx/RP) than in Group 2 (50% [P < 0.001]/59% [P = 0.015] on PBx/RP) or Group 3 (40% [P = 0.005]/46% [P = 0.237] on PBx/RP). pT2 disease was significantly more often found in Group 1 (88%) than in Group 2 (68%, P = 0.049) or Group 3 (60%, P = 0.018). Surgical margin was significantly more often positive in Group 3 (27%) than in Group 1 (5%, P = 0.020), but not Group 2 (9%, P = 0.198). Moreover, estimated cancer volume (cc, mean ± SD) was significantly smaller in Group 1 (1.89 ± 1.98) than in Group 2 (3.56 ± 2.92, P = 0.026) or Group 3 (3.44 ± 2.02, P = 0.013). Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed higher risks of biochemical recurrence after RP in Group 2, compared with Group 1 (P = 0.001) or Group 3 (P = 0.096). In 93 patients with biopsy Gleason score 6 cancer, higher rates of pT2+/3 disease (P = 0.023) and positive margin (P = 0.026), as well as larger cancer volume (P = 0.063), on RP were still seen in Group 3, compared with Group 1, but their differences were not statistically significant between Group 2 and Group 3.ConclusionsLinear quantitation including intervening benign tissue on PBx may more precisely predict the actual tumor extent.
Vibrating Sharp‐edge Spray Ionization (VSSI) for voltage‐free direct analysis of samples using mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Xiaojun , Attanayake Kushani , Valentine Stephen J. , Li Peng 
Published: July 2018

RationaleThe development of miniaturized and field portable mass spectrometers could not succeed without a simple, compact, and robust ionization source. Here we present a voltage‐free ionization method, Vibrating Sharp‐edge Spray Ionization (VSSI), which can generate a spray of liquid samples using only one standard microscope glass slide to which a piezoelectric transducer is attached. Compared with existing ambient ionization methods, VSSI eliminates the need for a high electric field (~5000 V·cm−1) for spray generation, while sharing a similar level of simplicity and flexibility with the simplest direct ionization techniques currently available such as paper spray ionization (PSI) and other solid substrate‐based electrospray ionization methods.MethodsThe VSSI device was fabricated by attaching a piezoelectric transducer onto a standard glass microscope slide using epoxy glue. Liquid sample was aerosolized by either placing a droplet onto the vibrating edge of the glass slide or touching a wet surface with the glass edge. Mass spectrometric detection was achieved by placing the VSSI device 0.5–1 cm from the inlet of the mass spectrometer (Q‐Exactive, ThermoScientific).ResultsVSSI is demonstrated to ionize a diverse array of chemical species, including small organic molecules, carbohydrates, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids. Preliminary sensitivity experiments show that high‐quality mass spectra of acetaminophen can be obtained by consuming 100 femtomoles of the target. The dual spray of VSSI was also demonstrated by performing in‐droplet denaturation of ubiquitin. Finally, due to the voltage‐free nature and the direct‐contact working mode of VSSI, it has been successfully applied for the detection of chemicals directly from human fingertips.ConclusionsOverall, we report a compact ionization method based on vibrating sharp‐edges. The simplicity and voltage‐free nature of VSSI make it an attractive option for field portable applications or analyzing biological samples that are sensitive to high voltage or difficult to access by conventional ionization methods.
A German version of the Three‐Dimensional Work Fatigue Inventory (3D‐WFI): Factor structure, internal consistency, and correlates
Authors: Frone Michael R. , Reis Dorota , Ottenstein Charlotte 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWork fatigue represents an essential construct for understanding employee health and safety. In this study, we developed and explored the psychometric properties of a German version of the Three‐Dimensional Work Fatigue Inventory and examined a set of hypothesized correlates of work fatigue. Data came from a sample of 439 German workers. Consistent with the original measure, confirmatory factor analyses supported a three‐factor solution (physical, mental, and emotional work fatigue), and estimates of internal consistency reliability exceeded .90 for each dimension of work fatigue. The measure demonstrated a meaningful pattern of associations with predictors (time pressure, job control, psychological detachment, relaxation, and trait negative and positive affect) and an important outcome (work engagement). The German Three‐Dimensional Work Fatigue Inventory will encourage research on an essential construct for employee health and safety using broader populations of workers.
Evaluation of the antinociceptive activities of several sodium channel blockers using veratrine test in mice
Authors: Yoshizawa Kazumi , Arai Narumaki , Suzuki Yukina , Nakamura Toka , Takeuchi Kota , Sakamoto Reinii , Masuda Ritsuko 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn important role of voltage‐gated sodium channels (VGSCs) in many different pain states has been established in animal models and humans wherein sodium channel blockers partially ameliorate pain. However, behavioral tests for screening analgesics that exhibit pharmacologic action by acting on VGSCs are rarely reported, and there are no studies on antinociception using veratrine as a nociceptive agent. The aim of the present study was to examine the amount of nociceptive behavior evoked by subcutaneous administration of veratrine into the hind paw and investigate whether veratrine can be used as a VGSC agonist to test the pharmacological properties of candidate analgesics via sodium channel blockade. We report for the first time that intraplantar injection of veratrine produced a reproducible nociceptive response in mice. Furthermore, several sodium channel blockers, namely carbamazepine, valproate, mexiletine, and the selective Nav1.7 inhibitor PF‐04856264, but not flecainide or pilsicainide, reduced veratrine‐induced nociception. In contrast, calcium channel blockers gabapentin and ethosuximide did not change veratrine‐induced nociception. The veratrine test in mice might be a useful tool, at least in part, to evaluate the potential analgesic effect of sodium channel blockers.
A phase 1b study of transforming growth factor-beta receptor I inhibitor galunisertib in combination with sorafenib in Japanese patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ikeda Masafumi , Morimoto Manabu , Tajimi Masaomi , Inoue Koichi , Benhadji Karim A. , Lahn Michael M. F. , Sakai Daisuke 
Published: July 2018

Summary
Background Galunisertib inhibits type I transforming growth factor-beta receptor serine/threonine kinase. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of galunisertib in combination with sorafenib in Japanese patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients and methods This open-label, dose-escalation, multicenter, nonrandomized phase 1b study consisted of two dose levels of galunisertib, 160 or 300 mg/day, in combination with sorafenib 800 mg/day. Galunisertib 80 mg or 150 mg was administered orally twice daily for 14 days followed by 14 days of rest plus sorafenib 400 mg administered orally twice daily for 28 days. The dose-limiting toxicity evaluation was 28 days after the first dose. Safety measures, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity were assessed. Results Fourteen patients, 7 at each galunisertib dose, were enrolled and treated. Three dose-limiting toxicities were reported for 2 patients. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were hypophosphatemia (14 patients [100%]), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (12 patients [85.7%]), and decreased platelet count (10 patients [71.4%]). The most common grade ≥ 3 TEAEs were hypophosphatemia (10 patients [71.4%]) and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (7 patients [50.0%]). No grade 5 TEAEs were reported. The pharmacokinetic profile of galunisertib in combination with sorafenib was similar to that previously reported for galunisertib. Eleven patients had a best overall response of stable disease, and 1 patient achieved a partial response by hepatocellular carcinoma-specific modified RECIST. Conclusions These data are consistent with the known safety profile for galunisertib and sorafenib and confirm tolerability of the recommended dose of galunisertib (150 mg twice daily for 14 days) in combination with
sorafenib in Japanese patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
Human fascioliasis infection sources, their diversity, incidence factors, analytical methods and prevention measures
Authors: Mas-Coma S. , Bargues M. D. , Valero M. A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHuman fascioliasis infection sources are analysed for the first time in front of the new worldwide scenario of this disease. These infection sources include foods, water and combinations of both. Ingestion of freshwater wild plants is the main source, with watercress and secondarily other vegetables involved. The problem of vegetables sold in uncontrolled urban markets is discussed. Distinction between infection sources by freshwater cultivated plants, terrestrial wild plants, and terrestrial cultivated plants is made. The risks by traditional local dishes made from sylvatic plants and raw liver ingestion are considered. Drinking of contaminated water, beverages and juices, ingestion of dishes and soups and washing of vegetables, fruits, tubercles and kitchen utensils with contaminated water are increasingly involved. Three methods to assess infection sources are noted: detection of metacercariae attached to plants or floating in freshwater, anamnesis in individual patients, and questionnaire surveys in endemic areas. The infectivity of metacercariae is reviewed both under field conditions and experimentally under the effects of physicochemical agents. Individual and general preventive measures appear to be more complicated than those considered in the past. The high diversity of infection sources and their heterogeneity in different countries underlie the large epidemiological heterogeneity of human fascioliasis throughout.
Epidemiology and risk factors associated with surgical site infection following surgery on thoracic aorta
Authors: Morikane K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSurgical site infection (SSI) following cardiovascular surgery has been well documented, possibly owing to its highly invasive nature, but SSI following surgery on the thoracic aorta has not. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and assess risk factors associated with the latter in Japan using a national database for SSI. Data on surgery on thoracic aorta performed between 2012 and 2014 were extracted from the Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (JANIS) database. Risk factors were assessed initially by univariate analysis, and then entered into a logistic regression model for final evaluation. The cumulative incidence of SSI was 4.1% (146/3538) and staphylococci were the most frequent pathogens isolated. Factors such as the duration of operation, emergency surgery and male gender were significantly associated with SSI. These findings differ from previous studies on open heart and coronary artery bypass surgery, in which the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score was significantly associated with SSI, but gender was not. This study suggests that risk stratification in the JANIS system might be improved by incorporating additionally identified factors for risk adjustment, when comparing the incidence of SSI between hospitals.
Meandering pulmonary veins mimicking scimitar syndrome
Authors: Pawar Ravindra S. , Raj Vimal , Pujar V Suresh 
Published: July 2018

AbstractScimitar or pulmonary venolobar syndrome, a rare pulmonary anomaly, consists basically of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the right lung to the inferior caval vein, anomalous systemic arterial supply to the right lower lobe from the descending aorta, hypoplasia of the right lung, and dextroposed heart. We present a rare case with constellation of all these findings of scimitar syndrome, but with the aberrant pulmonary vein draining into the left atrium.
Unraveling Phytoplankton Community Dynamics in the Northern Chukchi Sea Under Sea‐Ice‐Covered and Sea‐Ice‐Free Conditions
Authors: Neeley A. R. , Harris L. A. , Frey K. E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe timing of sea ice retreat, light availability, and sea surface stratification largely control the phytoplankton community composition in the Chukchi Sea. This region is experiencing a significant warming trend, an overall decrease in sea ice cover, and a documented decline in annual sea ice persistence and thickness over the past several decades. The consequences of earlier seasonal sea ice retreat and a longer sea‐ice‐free season on phytoplankton community composition warrant investigation. We applied multivariate statistical techniques to elucidate the mechanisms that relate environmental variables to phytoplankton community composition in the Chukchi Sea using data collected during a single field campaign in the summer of 2011. Three phytoplankton groups emerged that were correlated with sea ice, sea surface temperature, nutrients, salinity, and light. Longer ice‐free duration in a future Chukchi Sea will result in warmer sea surface temperatures and nutrient depletion, which we conclude will favor other phytoplankton types over larger diatoms.
Semiannual Oscillation of the Lunar Exosphere: Implications for Water and Polar Ice
Authors: Hodges R. Richard 
Published: July 2018

A time‐dependent simulation of the argon‐40 exosphere of the Moon shows that the semiannual oscillation of argon detected by the neutral mass spectrometer on the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer spacecraft is consistent with adsorptive respiration in seasonal cold traps near the lunar poles. The magnitude of the oscillation requires that high‐energy adsorption sites on soil grain surfaces at polar latitudes be as free of water contamination as soils at low latitudes. This requirement is met by the combination of two generally ignored water removal mechanisms: solar wind bombardment of exposed adsorption sites and the serpentinization reaction of water with olivine. The significance of these processes is supported by the lack of evidence of water in Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer data, which, in turn, establishes an upper bound for exospheric transport of water to polar traps at less than 1014 molecules/Ga.
Ocean‐Induced Melt Triggers Glacier Retreat in Northwest Greenland
Authors: Wood M. , Rignot E. , Fenty I. , Menemenlis D. , Millan R. , Morlighem M. , Mouginot J. , Seroussi H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn recent decades, tidewater glaciers in Northwest Greenland contributed significantly to sea level rise but exhibited a complex spatial pattern of retreat. Here we use novel observations of bathymetry and water temperature from NASA's Ocean Melting Greenland mission to quantify the role of warm, salty Atlantic Water in controlling the evolution of 37 glaciers. Modeled ocean‐induced undercutting of calving margins compared with ice advection and ice front retreat observed by satellites from 1985 to 2015 indicate that 35 glaciers retreated when cumulative anomalies in ocean‐induced undercutting rose above the range of seasonal variability of calving‐front positions, while two glaciers standing on shallow sills and colder water did not retreat. Deviations in the observed timing of retreat are explained by residual uncertainties in bathymetry, inefficient mixing of waters in shallow fjords, and the presence of small floating sections. Overall, warmer ocean temperature triggered the retreat, but calving processes dominate ablation (71%).
Saturn's New Ribbons: Cassini Observations of Planetary Waves in Saturn's 42N Atmospheric Jet
Authors: Gunnarson Jacob L. , Sayanagi Kunio M. , Blalock John J. , Fletcher Leigh N. , Ingersoll Andrew P. , Dyudina Ulyana A. , Ewald Shawn P. , Draham Robert L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUsing images from the Cassini spacecraft, we analyzed three ribbon waves in Saturn's 42°N eastward jet at 45°N, 42°N, and 39°N planetocentric latitudes. In this report, we demonstrate that the morphology, wavelength, and propagation of the ribbon waves are consistent with barotropic Rossby waves with a smaller baroclinic component. We report on the appearance and disappearance of these waves during Cassini's mission. We suggest that the temporal evolution of these waves are related to the great Saturn storm of 2010–2011.
Observation Results and Discussion on an Upward Leader Followed by a Long Continuing Current After a Return Stroke
Authors: Li Yun , Shi Lihua , Qiu Shi , Duan Yantao , Sun Zheng , Wang Tao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn abnormal discharge process after a return stroke (RS) in a negative cloud‐to‐ground flash was studied in detail. Correlating high‐speed video images and electric field data, it was found that the abnormal discharge process was initiated at ground and transported positive charge from ground toward cloud. Moreover, there was a long continuing current (CC) initiated by the abnormal upward discharge process. Compared with the characteristics of RSs, CCs and M components, we conclude that the upward discharge process is a kind of upward positive leader. The 3‐D speeds of the positive leader range from 3.72 × 106 m/s to 14.48 × 106 m/s with average value of 6.5 × 106 m/s. As far as we know, it is the first report that a long CC follows the upward positive leader after RS, which is obviously different from traditional CCs. The discovery is helpful to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanism and physical process of negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes.