bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robustification of ITO nanolayer by surface‐functionalization of transparent biopolyimide substrates
Authors: Dwivedi S. , Kaneko T. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTRobust and transparent electrodes with good flexibility and high mechanical strength are required for preparing next‐generation electronic devices. Indium tin oxide (ITO) nanolayers have been grown by radio‐frequency sputtering process on reactive surface of transparent and thermostable biopolyimide, derived from an exotic aromatic amino acid, 4‐aminocinnamic acid (4ACA). It is observed that greater surface hydrophilicity of the biopolyimide induces stronger interfacial interaction with ITO nanolayer resulting in smoother surface of the bionanohybrids. Spectroscopy, microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction reveal the successful deposition of the ultra‐thin ITO nanolayer onto the surface‐engineered biopolyimide. The process provides transparent bionanohybrid films with robustness against mechanical deformation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46709.
Neuroticism and conscientiousness respectively positively and negatively correlated with the network characteristic path length in dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex: A resting‐state fNIRS study
Authors: Wang Meng‐Yun , Zhang Juan , Lu Feng‐Mei , Xiang Yu‐Tao , Yuan Zhen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence shows that the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is implicated in personality traits. In this study, resting‐state functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) combined with small‐world analysis was utilized to examine the relationship between the network properties of dlPFC and personality traits.MethodsThirty college students (aged between 20 and 29) were recruited from the University of Macau campus, whose personality scores were accessed with the NEO‐FFT questionnaire. Graph theory combined with resting‐state fNIRS data was used to quantify the network properties of dlPFC, whereas Pearson correlation analysis was performed to generate the relationship between the small‐world indicators and personality scores.ResultsCompared to matched random networks, the resting‐state brain networks exhibited a larger clustering coefficient (Cp, 0.1–0.66), shorter characteristic path length (Lp, 0.1–0.66), and higher global (Eg, 0.1–0.66) and local efficiency (Eloc, 0.1–0.65). In particular, conscientiousness (r = −0.63) and neuroticism (r = 0.40) respectively showed negative and positive correlation with the Lp.ConclusionsThe resting‐state functional brain networks in dlPFC exhibited the small‐world properties. In addition, participants with higher conscientiousness scores showed a shorter Lp.
Clinicopathological features and outcome for neuroendocrine neoplasms of gastroesophageal junction: A population‐based study
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Wang Wei , Lu Ming , Zeng Changqing , Chen Jie , Li Enxiao , Tan Huangying , Wang Wei , Yu Xianjun , Tang Qiyun , Zhao Jiemin , Shen Lin , Li Jie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundGastroesophageal Junction neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEJ‐NENs) are rare and heterogeneous tumors. We aim to analyze the clinicopathlogical features and prognostic factors of GEJ‐NENs and to compare the outcome of GEJ‐NENs with other gastric NENs.MethodsA total of 297 GEJ‐NENs patients were enrolled from 10 Chinese hospitals and 3152 gastric NENs patients, including 274 GEJ‐NENs, were retrieved from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.ResultsThe clinical characteristics of GEJ‐NENs among different races were different. All Chinese patients had GEJ‐NENs of grade 3, with 67.7% of poorly differentiated NEC and 32.3% of MANEC. In SEER database, 70.8% of white, 62.5% of black, and 87.5% of AP patients had poorly differentiated/undifferentiated tumors. In Cox multivariate analysis, NEC/MANEC (HR 2.09, 95%CI 1.24‐3.56; P = 0.006), lymph node metastasis (HR 3.52, 95%CI 1.68‐7.34; P = 0.001), and distant metastases (HR 3.90, 95%CI 2.50‐6.08; P < 0.001) are independent predictors of overall survival. Surgical resection showed a median OS improvement of 13.1‐73.3 months (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.14‐0.33, P < 0.001). Adjuvant therapy did not improve survival for postoperative GEJ‐NEN patients (P = 0.141). GEJ‐NENs were larger, higher grade, more distant metastasis, and worse prognosis than other gastric NENs.ConclusionGEJ‐NENs were mostly poorly differentiated carcinomas, and all of Chinese patients were NEC/MANEC. The outcome of MANEC was preferable to NECs. Both lymph nodes metastasis and distant disease were independent predictors of prognosis. Surgical resection can improve survival, but postoperative adjuvant therapy had no additional benefit. GEJ‐NENs have worse survival than other gastric NENs.
Surprising Differences of Alkane C‐H Activation Catalyzed by Ruthenium Nanoparticles: Complex Surface‐Substrate Recognition?
Authors: Rothermel Niels , Bouzouita Donia , Röther Tobias , de Rosal Iker , Tricard Simon , Poteau Romuald , Gutmann Torsten , Chaudret Bruno , Limbach Hans‐Heinrich , Buntkowsky Gerd 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe activation of C−H bonds of alkanes remains a major challenge for chemistry. In a series of deuteration experiments with D2 in contact with bis‐(diphenylphosphino) butane (dppb) stabilized ruthenium nanoparticles (liquid substrates, 60 °C, 6 bar D2) we have observed a surprisingly large reactivity of cyclopentane as compared to cyclohexane and other alkanes. DFT calculations using a ligand‐free Ru13H17 model cluster as catalyst indicate oxidative C−H cleavage of the bound substrates as rate limiting reaction step. They also indicate similar binding and activation enthalpies of reactions of cyclopentane and cyclohexane.
Asymmetric Fluorinative Dearomatization of Tryptophol Derivatives by Chiral Anion Phase‐Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Liang Xiao‐Wei , Cai Yue , You Shu‐Li 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn asymmetric fluorinative dearomatization reaction of tryptophol derivatives was developed via chiral anion phase‐transfer catalysis. Various fluorinated furoindolines were obtained in moderate to excellent yields and enantioselectivity in the presence of Selectfluor. The preliminary mechanistic studies suggested the existence of an in situ formed tryptophol boronic ester plays a critical role in determining the enantioselectivity. This method features the facile introduction of a fluorine atom in a highly enantioselective manner and construction of two contiguous quaternary stereogenic centers.
Prevention of contrast‐induced nephropathy by adequate hydration combined with isosorbide dinitrate for patients with renal insufficiency and congestive heart failure
Authors: Qian Geng , Liu Chang‐Fu , Guo Jun , Dong Wei , Wang Jin , Chen Yundai 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundAdequate hydration remains the mainstay of contrast‐induced nephropathy prevention, and nitrates could reduce cardiac preload.HypothesisThis study aimed to explore the adequate hydration with nitrates for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and congestive heart failure (CHF) to reduce the risk of contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) and at the same time avoid the acute heart failure.MethodsThree hundred and ninty‐four consecutive patients with CKD and CHF undergoing coronary procedures were randomized to either adequate hydration with nitrates (n = 196) or to routine hydration (control group; n = 198). The adequate hydration group received continuous intravenous infusion of isosorbide dinitrate combined with intravenous infusion of isotonic saline at a rate of 1.5 mL/kg/h during perioperative period. The definition of CIN was a 25% or 0.5 mg/dL rise in serum creatinine over baseline. This trial is registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT02718521.ResultsBaseline characteristics were well‐matched between the two groups. CIN occurred less frequently in adequate hydration group than the control group (12.8% vs 21.2%; P = 0.018). The incidence of acute heart failure did not differ between the two groups (8 [4.08%] vs 6[3.03%]; P = 0.599). Cumulative major adverse events (death, myocardial infarction, stoke, hospitalization for acute heart failure) during the 90‐day follow‐up were lower in the adequate hydration with nitrates group (P = 0.002).ConclusionsAdequate hydration with nitrates can safely and effectively reduce the risk of CIN in patients with CKD and CHF.
Efficacy of endoscopic‐guided fine‐needle aspiration in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal spindle cell tumors
Authors: Moisini Ioana , Amin Khalid , Mallery Shawn , Stewart Jimmie , Mettler Tetyana 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundSpindle cell neoplasms of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract constitute a wide group of lesions that may raise diagnostic difficulties on hematoxylin–eosin‐stained slides. Appropriate endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) technique with sufficient cell block material for immunohistochemistry (IHC) can lead to accurate diagnosis.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 29 cases obtained from our institution's records over a five‐year period (2011‐2015). Cytomorphology, histology (when available), IHC, FNA procedure details, imaging characteristics, and clinical history were reviewed. Rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) was used in all cases. Cytologic samples were correlated with surgical pathology resection specimens when available.ResultsEighteen GI stromal tumors, six leiomyomas, two schwannomas, and one granular cell tumor were analyzed; two cases were not amenable for a definitive diagnosis: one showed fragments of smooth muscle not otherwise specified (smooth muscle vs. leiomyoma) and the other one was insufficient for diagnosis. Locations included stomach, esophagus, duodenum, and colon. EUS‐FNA was performed with different gauge needles. Total number of passes ranged between two and nine. We found no evidence that larger‐sized needles are superior in procuring adequate lesional tissue. Cell block material was stained with various antibodies. Fourteen surgical resection specimens available showed 100% correlation between cytology and histology. None of the neoplasms recurred until now; one patient succumbed to known esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.ConclusionFNA is a pivotal and inexpensive method for rapid evaluation of GI spindle cell tumors and should be used widely in the attempt to avoid unnecessary surgery. Size of needle used for EUS‐FNA does not seem to influence the yield of lesional tissue; rather, ROSE can guide the number of passes and subsequently lead to an adequate cell block.
Classification and regression trees for the evaluation of thyroid cytomorphological characteristics: A study based on liquid based cytology specimens from thyroid fine needle aspirations
Authors: Margari Niki , Mastorakis Emmanouil , Pouliakis Abraham , Gouloumi Alina‐Roxani , Asimis Eleftherios , Konstantoudakis Stefanos , Ieromonachou Panayiotis , Panayiotides Ioannis G. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThis study investigates the potential of classification and regression trees (CARTs) for the evaluation of thyroid lesions.MethodsThe study was performed on 521, histologically confirmed cytological specimens prepared via liquid based cytology. For each specimen, contextual and cellular morphology features were recorded by experienced cytopathologists, as described in everyday cytological practice and The Bethesda System (TBS); these features were subsequently used to construct two CART models, viz. CART‐C for the prediction of the cytological diagnosis (according to TBS) and CART‐H for the prediction of the histological diagnosis (hereby expressed as either benign or malignant).ResultsCART‐C had no statistically significant performance from the cytologists’ evaluations and CART‐H had a very good predictive performance for the histological status.ConclusionCARTs provide a methodological framework capable for data mining and knowledge extraction. They created simple human understandable rules and classification algorithms that may assist cytopathologists towards decisions based on classification steps, each one linked with a specific risk and moreover by applying cytomorphological characteristics in hierarchical order according to their importance. The two CARTs may be a useful tool for the training of nonexperienced cytopathologists; moreover, they may act as ancillary methods to avoid misdiagnoses and assist quality assurance procedures in the everyday practice of the cytopathology laboratory.
Complementarity of indigenous and western scientific approaches for monitoring forest state
Authors: Lyver Phil O'B. , Richardson Sarah J. , Gormley Andrew M. , Timoti Puke , Jones Christopher J. , Tahi Brenda L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCross‐cultural environmental monitoring systems inform on a broad suite of indicators relevant to both scientific and local communities. In this study, we used forest‐plot‐based survey measures developed by western scientists and a set of community‐based survey indicators developed by Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand (NZ), to compare the current state of two ecologically congruent forests (Whirinaki and Ruatāhuna), as they related to a historic Ruatāhuna forest state (Baseline; 1955–1975) in NZ. Both the plot‐based and community‐based field surveys indicated that the Whirinaki forest was in a better state than the Ruatāhuna forest. This was supported by a stronger mauri (concept of life essence) rating assigned by Māori elders to the Whirinaki forest compared with the Ruatāhuna forests. However, both the Ruatāhuna and Whirinaki forests were deemed to be in a significantly poorer state than the Baseline forest. A cross‐cultural monitoring system provides understanding of forest state that both managers and communities can use for decision‐making. Historical baselines of forest state can provide ecological targets for restoration initiatives and also identify where on the restoration continuum current forest indicators lie. The alignment of plot‐based measures with community‐based indicators offers possibilities for future‐proofing a cross‐cultural monitoring system and buffering it from intergenerational shifts in ecological baselines. The opportunity for indigenous peoples and local communities to apply their traditional ways of knowing, and interpret and act on information they understand are crucial components of cross‐cultural environmental management regimes.
How might eating disorders stigmatization worsen eating disorders symptom severity? Evaluation of a stigma internalization model
Authors: Griffiths Scott , Mitchison Deborah , Murray Stuart B. , Mond Jonathan M. , Bastian Brock B 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders stigmatization is common and is associated with greater eating disorders symptom severity. This study sought to elucidate stigma internalization as a potential mechanism underlying this association. Two central aspects of stigma internalization were focused on: alienation and social withdrawal.MethodA cross‐national sample of individuals with self‐reported eating disorders (N = 260) completed measures of eating disorders stigmatization, symptom severity, alienation, and social withdrawal.ResultsThe model evidenced excellent fit. Eating disorders stigmatization directly predicted both alienation and social withdrawal, which, in turn, directly predicted symptom severity. Indirect effect analyses indicated that greater eating disorders stigmatization ultimately predicted greater symptom severity via alienation and social withdrawal. Moreover, social withdrawal mediated the association of alienation with symptom severity. Fitting a direct pathway from eating disorder stigmatization to symptom severity did not improve model fit.DiscussionOur model provides a potentially useful account of the mechanisms by which eating disorders stigmatization might worsen eating disorder symptom severity. Specifically, the stigma internalization processes of alienation and social withdrawal may be important factors linking stigmatization with symptom severity. The findings have implications for clinicians attempting to help individuals with eating disorders to monitor and modify their responses to eating disorders stigmatization.
Study on fabrication of molecular sensing system using higher‐order nanostructure for environmental analysis and food safety
Authors: Yamaguchi Akinobu , Fukuoka Takao , Utsumi Yuichi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe investigate fabrication of a higher‐order nanostructure consisting of Au nanoparticles using convective self‐assembly in a lab‐chemical chip to serve a wide range of applications in life science, medical diagnosis, environmental analysis, and food safety. Our higher‐order nanostructure devices enable highly sensitive detection of various molecules by an easy operation of in situ surface enhanced Raman scattering platform using a simple Raman spectrometer.
Applying the eco‐hydrological equilibrium hypothesis to model root distribution in water‐limited forests
Authors: Cabon Antoine , Martínez‐Vilalta Jordi , Martínez de Aragón Juan , Poyatos Rafael , De Cáceres Miquel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDrought is a key driver of vegetation dynamics, but plant water‐uptake patterns and consequent plant responses to drought are poorly understood at large spatial scales. The capacity of vegetation to use soil water depends on its root distribution (RD). However, RD is extremely variable in space and difficult to measure in the field, which hinders accurate predictions of water fluxes and vegetation dynamics. We propose a new method to estimate RD within water balance models, assuming that vegetation is at eco‐hydrological equilibrium (EHE). EHE conditions imply that vegetation optimizes RD such that transpiration is maximized within the limits of bearable drought stress, characterized here by species‐specific hydraulic thresholds. Optimized RD estimates were validated against RD estimates obtained by model calibration from sap flow or soil moisture from 38 forest plots in Catalonia (NE Spain). In water‐limited plots, optimized RD was similar to calibrated RD, but estimates diverged with higher water availability, suggesting that the EHE may not be assumed when water is not limiting. Thereafter, we applied the optimization procedure at the regional scale, to estimate RD for the water‐limited forests of Catalonia. Regional variations of optimum RD reproduced many expected patterns in response to climate, soil physical properties, forest structure, and species hydraulic traits. We conclude that RD optimization, based on the EHE hypothesis and a simple description of plant hydraulics, produces realistic estimates of RD that can be used for model parameterization and shows promise to improve our ability to forecast vegetation dynamics under increased drought.
A reality check for climate change experiments: Do they reflect the real world?
Authors: Knapp Alan K. , Carroll Charles J.W. , Griffin‐Nolan Robert J. , Slette Ingrid J. , Chaves Francis A. , Baur Lauren E. , Felton Andrew J. , Gray Jesse E. , Hoffman Ava M. , Lemoine Nathan P. , Mao Wei , Post Alison K. , Smith Melinda D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractExperiments are widely used in ecology, particularly for assessing global change impacts on ecosystem function. However, results from experiments often are inconsistent with observations made under natural conditions, suggesting the need for rigorous comparisons of experimental and observational studies. We conducted such a “reality check” for a grassland ecosystem by compiling results from nine independently conducted climate change experiments. Each experiment manipulated growing season precipitation (GSP) and measured responses in aboveground net primary production (ANPP). We compared results from experiments with long‐term (33‐yr) annual precipitation andANPPrecords to ask if collectively (n = 44 experiment‐years) experiments yielded estimates ofANPP, rain‐use efficiency (RUE, grams per square meter ANPP per mm precipitation), and the relationship betweenGSPandANPPcomparable to observations. We found that meanANPPandRUEfrom experiments did not deviate from observations. Experiments and observational data also yielded similar functional relationships betweenANPPandGSP, but only within the range of historically observedGSP. Fewer experiments imposed extreme levels ofGSP(outside the observed 33‐yr record), but when these were included, they altered theGSP–ANPPrelationship. This result underscores the need for more experiments imposing extreme precipitation levels to resolve how forecast changes in climate regimes will affect ecosystem function in the future.
Habitat‐dependent movement rate can determine the efficacy of marine protected areas
Authors: Jiao Jing , Pilyugin Sergei S. , Riotte‐Lambert Louise , Osenberg Craig W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTheoretical studies of marine protected areas (MPAs) suggest that more mobile species should exhibit reduced local effects (defined as the ratio of the density inside vs. outside of the MPA). However, empirical studies have not supported the expected negative relationship between the local effect and mobility. We propose that differential, habitat‐dependent movement (i.e., a higher movement rate in the fishing grounds than in the MPA) might explain the disparity between theoretical expectations and empirical results. We evaluate this hypothesis by building two‐patch box and stepping‐stone models and show that increasing disparity in the habitat‐specific movement rates shifts the relationship between the local effect and mobility from negative (the previous theoretical results) to neutral or positive (the empirical pattern). This shift from negative to positive occurs when differential movement offsets recruitment and mortality differences between the two habitats. Thus, local effects of MPAs might be caused by behavioral responses via differential movement rather than by, or in addition to, reductions in mortality. In addition, the benefits of MPAs, in terms of regional abundance and fishing yields, can be altered by the magnitude of differential movement. Thus, our study points to a need for empirical investigations that disentangle the interactions among mobility, differential movement, and protection.
Soil carbon losses due to higher pH offset vegetation gains due to calcium enrichment in an acid mitigation experiment
Authors: Marinos Richard E. , Bernhardt Emily S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractReductions in acid precipitation across North America and Europe have been linked to substantial declines of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in temperate forests, but the mechanisms underlying these declines remain poorly understood. As forests recover from acid precipitation, soilpHand calcium fertility are both expected to increase, and these changes in soil chemistry may drive alteredSOCdynamics. Here, we performed a year‐long pot experiment on acid‐impacted soils to test the independent and interactive effects of increased soilpHand Ca fertility onSOCsolubility, microbial activity and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) sapling growth. We found that microbial respiration andSOCsolubility was strongly stimulated by increased soilpH, but only in the presence of plants. In planted pots, a soilpHincrease of 0.76 units increased soil respiration by 19% in the organic soil horizon and 38% in the mineral soil horizon, whereas in unplanted pots, soilpHhad no effect on microbial respiration. While increased soilpHenhanced plant‐mediated heterotrophic respiration, it had no effect on plant growth. By contrast, soil Ca enrichment increased the relative growth rate of plants by 22%, but had no impact on microbial respiration. Our results suggest that, in terms of ecosystem carbon balance, losses ofSOCdue to increasing soilpHmay offset potential gains in primary productivity due to enhanced Ca fertility as ecosystems recover from acid precipitation.