bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A High-Velocity Component of Atomic Hydrogen in Comet Bennett (1970 II)
Authors: Keller H. U. , Thomas Gary E. 
Published: May 2019

The Lyman alpha emission from Comet Bennett (1970II) was measured near perihelion (March 1970) by the University of Colorado ultraviolet photometer experiment on OGO-5 The spectrometer field of view of about 3° crossed the cometary hydrogen coma four times. The hydrogen coma was observed to extend more than 30 x 106 km in the antisolar direction.A model for the hydrogen density was developed which took the actual cometary motion and the gradients of the forces of gravitation and radiation pressure into account Exact trajectories of atoms in the orbital plane representing the column densities perpendicular to the plane were calculated. The variation of the hydrogen lifetime along the trajectory as well as the solar Lα profile were considered.
Focused written corrective feedback and linguistic target mastery: Conceptual replication of Bitchener and Knoch (2010)
Authors: Ekiert Monika , di Gennaro Kristen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study replicates Bitchener and Knoch (2010), which reported that written corrective feedback (WCF) targeting two single-rule English article functions (first mention a and subsequent mention the) is effective. The current replication study repeats the original study in most respects but adds to the assessment of the intervention's efficacy by recording the impact of focused WCF on all functional article uses, and not just on the two uses targeted by the WCF. The results of the replication study partially confirm Bitchener & Knoch's results and introduce some further differentiated findings. It is concluded that while the focused WCF leads to increased accuracy in the targeted functions of articles, the same WCF may negatively impact the remaining non-targeted article functions, especially for the group that received the most explicit WCF in the form of metalinguistic explanation.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Non-invasive Prenatal Testing for Down Syndrome in China
Authors: Xu Yan , Wei Yan , Ming Jian , Li Na , Xu Ningze , Pong Raymond W. , Chen Yingyao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesThere is little evidence in China regarding the cost-effectiveness of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for Down syndrome (DS). This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of NIPT and provide evidence to inform decision-making.MethodsTo determine the cost-effectiveness of NIPT for DS, a decision-analytic model was developed using the TreeAge Pro software from a societal perspective in a simulated cohort of 10 000 pregnant women. Main indicators were based on field surveys from sampled hospitals in four locations in China and a literature review.ResultsThe conventional maternal serum screening (CMSS) strategy, contingent screening strategy (NIPT delivered to high risk pregnant women after CMSS), and universal screening strategy could prevent 3.02, 7.53, and 9.97 DS births, respectively. NIPT would decrease unnecessary invasive procedures, resulting in fewer procedure-related miscarriages. The cost-effectiveness ratio of the contingent screening strategy was the lowest. When compared with the CMSS strategy, the incremental cost per DS birth averted by the contingent screening strategy and universal screening strategy were USD 20,160 and 352,388, respectively. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that, if the cost of NIPT could be decreased to USD 76.92, the cost-effectiveness ratio of the universal screening strategy would be lower than the CMSS strategy.ConclusionsAlthough NIPT has the merits of greater effectiveness and safety, CMSS is unlikely to be replaced by NIPT at this time because of NIPT's higher cost. Contingent screening may be an appropriate strategy to balance the effectiveness and cost factors of the new genetic testing technology.
Long-term changes in the North Atlantic current system and their biological implications
Authors: Taylor A. H. 
Published: May 2019

SynopsisEvidence is presented to show that the dominant mode of temperature change of the last 25 years, in the North Atlantic, has recurred throughout the last 100 years. Temperatures in the NE Atlantic, where this mode is especially prominent, tend to be inversely related to the strength of the Trade and Westerly Winds. The mode of temperature change, which extends through the top 250 m and involves corresponding salinity changes in the NE Atlantic, is interpreted as resulting from a shift in the North Atlantic Current system, wind-induced increases in the transport of the North Atlantic Gyre being accompanied by a radial shrinkage of the current system and a reduction of the warm water discharge to the north. A theoretical analysis, relating this current change to a shift in the separation of the Gulf Stream from the North American coast, is attempted to examine the consequences of this interpretation
Repressive Experiences among China Scholars: New Evidence from Survey Data
Authors: Greitens Sheena Chestnut , Truex Rory 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the nature of China's current research climate and its effects on foreign scholarship. Drawing on an original survey of over 500 China scholars, we find that repressive research experiences are a rare but real phenomenon and collectively present a barrier to the conduct of research in China. Roughly 9 per cent of China scholars report that they have been “invited to tea” by authorities within the past ten years; 26 per cent of scholars who conduct archival research report being denied access; and 5 per cent of researchers report some difficulty obtaining a visa. The paper provides descriptive information on the nature of these experiences and their determinants. It concludes with a discussion of self-censorship and strategies for conducting research on China.
From Institutional Interaction to Institutional Integration: The National Supervisory Commission and China's New Anti-corruption Model
Authors: Li Li , Wang Peng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHow does the establishment of the National Supervisory Commission affect China's capacity to curb corruption? Using published materials and fieldwork data, this article addresses this question by comparing the newly established anti-corruption agency with the previous dual-track system. It first examines the previous system by focusing on four dimensions of the interaction between the Commission for Discipline Inspection (CDI) and the People's Procuratorate: complementarity, convergence, competition and conflict. Although the CDI and the procuratorate compensated for each other's deficiencies, competition and conflicts between the two institutions were rife, reducing the efficiency of China's anti-corruption work. The article then investigates what impact the establishment of the National Supervisory Commission has had on China's capacity to combat corruption. This new model strengthens the Party's capacity to curb corruption, and the focus of the anti-corruption work has shifted from punishment to prevention, but the Party still needs to resolve three types of unbalanced power relations: between supervision, prosecution and trial; between central and local authorities; and between the state and citizens.
Cardiac Pharmacology and Cardiomyopathy in Friedreich's Ataxia
Authors: Huxtable Ryan J. 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARY:Friedreich's ataxia is almost always associated with a cardiomyopathy. The cardiomyopathy and its attendant cardiopulmonary sequelae is the usual cause of death in this disease. The author reviews the known pharmacology of the heart, particularly as it applies to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The important role played by calcium and the possible role of taurine is stressed. Therapeutic possibilities are mentioned.
Regulation of Cytoplasmic Calcium: Interactions between Prostaglandins, Prostacyclin, Thromboxane A2, Zinc, Copper and Taurine
Authors: Horrobin D. F. , Manku M. S. , Cunnane S. , Karmazyn M. , Morgan R. O. , Ally A. I. , Karmali R. A. 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARY:The regulation of cytoplasmic calcium is a key process in nerve tissue. Using a smooth muscle model we have shown that prostaglandine (PG) E2 probably regulates entry from extracellular fluid, whereas the release from intracellular stores depends on the interplay between thromboxane (TX) A2, PGEl and prostacyclin. Hormones and other agents interact with this system in the following ways: vasopressin, angiotensin and inositol mobilize arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids and increase synthesis of PGE2 and TXA2, Cortisol blocks this action. Prolactin and zinc mobilize dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and increase synthesis of PGEL These effects can be blocked by Cortisol, lithium and taurine, three agents which on their own have no effect on basal PG production. Epileptogenic agents like penicillin and picrotoxin also stimulate PG synthesis, while diphenylhydantoin is a PG antagonist and diazepam is a TXA2 antagonist. The effects of all these agents occur at concentrations which are physiological in the case of the natural ones, and readily attained in human plasma in the case of the drugs. In view of recent evidence that calcium may be important in demyelination and considering the established role it plays in nerve conduction and synaptic transmission, we suggest that these observations may be of significance in understanding Friedreich's ataxia.
Taurine in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Friedreich's Ataxia
Authors: Lemieux B. , Giguere R. , Barbeau A. , Melancon S. , Shapcott D. 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARY:In a previous study we reported low values of taurine and aspartic acid in the CSF of patients with Friedreich's ataxia, when the results were compared to the literature. Further studies have revealed that tinforetold difficulties with the advertised methodology of sequential multi-sample amino acid analysis were responsible for low values in the determination of these two amino acids in the small volumes necessary for CSF. A corrected method is presented. With the latter method the differences disappear for CSF taurine and aspartic acid, but they remain valid for the previously reported blood and urine values in Friedreich's ataxia. GABA levels are also normal in Friedreich's ataxia CSF.
Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins in Friedreich's Ataxia and Familial Spastic Ataxia — Evidence for an Abnormal Composition of High Density Lipoproteins
Authors: Huang Y. S. , Nestruck A. C. , Barbeau A. , Bouchard J. P. , Davignon J. 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARY:A systematic study of plasma lipids and lipoproteins was carried out in II cases of Friedreich's ataxia and 6 cases of familial spastic ataxia (Charlevoix-Saguenay disease) using II healthy normolipidemic volunteers of comparable age and sex as controls. No differences were noted in the fatty acid profile of the total lipid fraction, in the total cholesterol and phospholipids or in the percentage distribution of the individual phospholipid classes. The triglycerides were significantly higher in Friedreich's ataxia, but remained within the normal range. Although no systematic abnormalities could be detected in the electrophoretic pattern of plasma lipoproteins or in the apolipoprotein profile on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, major differences were found in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction. Their total amount was reduced and their composition was abnormal in both neurological diseases. In Friedreich patients, the relative proportion of cholesterol and triglycerides was increased while the relative protein content was greatly reduced. In Charlevoix disease, a similar abnormality was seen except for the excess of triglycerides. The proportion of phospholipids in HDL was the same in the three groups of patients. In addition, the low density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction was slightly reduced in both diseases. This anomaly of the HDL fraction could indicate that the HDL apolipoprotein moiety has a greater affinity for cholesterol and triglycerides in Friedreich's ataxia than its normal counterpart.
The authority of inter-state arbitral awards in the case law of the International Court of Justice
Authors: Lanovoy Vladyslav 
Published: May 2019

AbstractArticle 38(1)(d) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice attributes limited legal authority to judicial and arbitral decisions. They are not formal sources of law and are described as only subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law. However, the continuing validity of this characterization is challenged not only by the Court’s practice of referring to its own jurisprudence, a phenomenon that has been empirically and theoretically analysed elsewhere, but also its relatively new practice of relying on external case law. This article seeks to draw attention to one aspect of this new practice, namely the marked increase in the Court’s citation of inter-state arbitral awards since the 1990s. It is argued that the Court refers to inter-state arbitral awards in its decisions for three principal reasons – (i) to determine the existence of a given rule, (ii) to supplement its legal reasoning or its own case law on a particular issue, and (iii) to distinguish an arbitral award from the case before it. More ambitiously, the article argues that the way the Court relies on inter-state arbitral awards shows that the Court attributes legal authority to these awards that goes beyond that of a subsidiary means for determining a given rule of law, bringing it closer to what might be qualified as persuasive but non-binding precedent.
Emotion dysregulation as a dynamic process
Authors: Cole Pamela M. , Ashana Ramsook K. , Ram Nilam 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this article we adopt the view that emotion dysregulation is characterized by emotion regulation dynamics that are defined as dysfunctional based on contextual criteria. We regard the construct of emotion regulation as valuable because it permits the integration of the classic view of emotions as interfering with human functioning and contemporary views of emotion as adaptive and beneficial. To define patterns that reflect emotion dysregulation, we explain our views of emotion as a dynamic process, and emotion regulation as the bidirectional interplay between emotions and actions/thoughts (extrinsic factors) and the contextual factors that constitute the criteria for that interplay reflecting dysregulation. This conceptualization of emotion regulation and dysregulation leads to methods for studying the intrinsic dynamics of emotion, extrinsic factors that change the intrinsic dynamics of emotion, and how emotion regulation changes over time at multiple time scales. We then apply this thinking to several emotion dysregulation patterns. Emotion regulation is a complex construct, embracing emotion as regulator and as regulated, as self- and other-regulated, and as incorporating both top-down and bottom-up regulatory processes. We highlight an emerging line of research on the development of emotion regulation in early childhood and indicate how this work can inform understanding of emotion dysregulation and the emergence of psychopathology.
An Open Area Learning Centre
Authors: Amerson George T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper describes the programme of an open area learning centre for children with specific learning disabilities. Ninety-five regular school children between the ages of seven and eleven attend the part time remedial centre. An overview of innovative developments within the programme, centre services, modular scheduling, learning stations and programme procedures are discussed. Also mentioned is the implementation of co-operative community efforts and interaction and an interdisciplinary approach designed to provide maximal impact on the education of the children enrolled in the learning centre.
Event Size Distribution of Shallow Tectonic Tremor in the Nankai Trough
Authors: Nakano Masaru , Yabe Suguru , Sugioka Hiroko , Shinohara Masanao , Ide Satoshi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSlow earthquake size distributions have been found to follow either a power law or an exponential law, depending on the data set. We investigated the size distribution of shallow tectonic tremor events along the Nankai trough, southwestern Japan, observed in 2009, 2015, 2016, and 2018 and estimated the seismic energy radiated during the events as a measure of event size. The obtained size distributions mostly followed a power law with a b value of about 1, but an exponential law also fits well the data of the largest events; this result indicates that the size distribution follows the Gutenberg‐Richter law with an exponential taper. If only the largest events were observed, an exponential size distribution would be obtained. This exponential taper could be attributed to a source fault limitation. Because the maximum event size differed among activity periods, the source fault size varied among them, although the source areas largely overlap.
ZCCHC10 suppresses lung cancer progression and cisplatin resistance by attenuating MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation
Authors: Ning Yichong , Hui Na , Qing Bei , Zhuo Yiming , Sun Wei , Du Yan , Liu Shunlian , Liu Kaili , Zhou Jianlin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe activation of p53 tumor suppressor is essential for preventing abnormal cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. ZCCHC10 was previously identified as a potential p53-interacting partner in a yeast two-hybrid screen, but the interaction in cells and its subsequent influence on p53 activity and cancer development have not been investigated. In this paper, we demonstrate that ZCCHC10 expression levels are statistically lower in lung adenocarcinoma tissues than the corresponding adjacent noncancerous tissues, and decreased expression of ZCCHC10 mRNA predicts poorer survival of the patients. Ectopic expression of ZCCHC10 in lung cancer cells harboring wild-type p53 dramatically suppresses cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion and cisplatin resistance in vitro, as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Conversely, knockdown of ZCCHC10 exerts opposite effects in the normal lung cell Beas-2b. However, ZCCHC10 has no influence on the biological behaviors of p53-null (H358) or p53-mutant (H1437) lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, ZCCHC10 binds and stabilizes p53 by disrupting the interaction between p53 and MDM2. The p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α attenuated the influences of ZCCHC10 overexpression on p53 pathway, cell cycle, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, whereas the p53 activator Nutlin3 could reverse the effects of ZCCHC10 knockdown. Collectively, our results indicate that ZCCHC10 exerts its tumor-suppressive effects by stabilizing the p53 protein and can be used a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma.
Inhibition of eIF2α dephosphorylation accelerates pterostilbene-induced cell death in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in an ER stress and autophagy-dependent manner
Authors: Yu Chen-Lin , Yang Shun-Fa , Hung Tung-Wei , Lin Chia-Liang , Hsieh Yi-Hsien , Chiou Hui-Ling 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the one of the most common cancers worldwide. Because the side effects of current treatments are severe, new effective therapeutic strategies are urgently required. Pterostilbene (PT), a natural analogue of resveratrol, has diverse pharmacologic activities, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities. Here we demonstrated that PT inhibits HCC cell growth without the induction of apoptosis in an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress- and autophagy-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies indicated that the combination of salubrinal and PT modulates ER stress-related autophagy through the phospho-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α/activating transcription factor-4/LC3 pathway, leading to a further inhibition of eIF2α dephosphorylation and the potentiation of cell death. An in vivo xenograft analysis revealed that PT significantly reduced tumour growth in mice with a SK-Hep-1 tumour xenograft. Taken together, our results yield novel insights into the pivotal roles of PT in ER stress- and autophagy-dependent cell death in HCC cells.
The Role of Myokines and Adipokines in Hypertension and Hypertension-related Complications
Authors: Chen Ken , Zhou Mengdi , Wang Xiaomei , Li Shuang , Yang Dachun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe cross-talk between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue has been identified to play a key role in the regulation of blood pressure and the development of hypertension. The role of different adipokines and myokines in hypertension and hypertension-related complications remains unclear. In the present study, 98 hypertensive patients and 24 normotensive controls were recruited, and additional subgroup analyses of hypertension-related complications were also performed. The levels of the circulating bone-derived factors leptin, apelin, fractalkine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), myostatin, fatty-acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3), irisin, follistatin-related protein 1 (FSTL1), oncostatin M, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and musclin were measured by a protein liquid chip assay. The circulating levels of BDNF and musclin were decreased, whereas the leptin and irisin levels were increased, in hypertensive patients compared with those in the control individuals. Further logistic analysis indicated that the irisin level was positively correlated with SBP and an independent predictor for hypertension after adjustment. In nonobese subjects, the concentrations of DKK1, BDNF and FSTL1 were decreased, whereas the concentrations of leptin and irisin were increased. Irisin and DKK1 might be associated with hypertension. Additional subgroup analyses showed that irisin is significantly associated with hypertension-related stroke. In conclusion, we found that increased irisin levels are associated with hypertension and hypertension-related stroke. These findings indicate that irisin may be involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension.
Promoting abnormal grain growth in Fe-based shape memory alloys through compositional adjustments
Authors: Vollmer M. , Arold T. , Kriegel M. J. , Klemm V. , Degener S. , Freudenberger J. , Niendorf T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIron-based shape memory alloys are promising candidates for large-scale structural applications due to their cost efficiency and the possibility of using conventional processing routes from the steel industry. However, recently developed alloy systems like Fe–Mn–Al–Ni suffer from low recoverability if the grains do not completely cover the sample cross-section. To overcome this issue, here we show that small amounts of titanium added to Fe–Mn–Al–Ni significantly enhance abnormal grain growth due to a considerable refinement of the subgrain sizes, whereas small amounts of chromium lead to a strong inhibition of abnormal grain growth. By tailoring and promoting abnormal grain growth it is possible to obtain very large single crystalline bars. We expect that the findings of the present study regarding the elementary mechanisms of abnormal grain growth and the role of chemical composition can be applied to tailor other alloy systems with similar microstructural features.