bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fecal microbiome signatures are different in food‐allergic children compared to siblings and healthy children
Authors: Kourosh Atoosa , Luna Ruth A. , Balderas Miriam , Nance Christina , Anagnostou Aikaterini , Devaraj Sridevi , Davis Carla M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal microbes have been shown to influence predisposition to atopic disease, including food allergy. The intestinal microbiome of food‐allergic children may differ in significant ways from genetically similar non‐allergic children and age‐matched controls. The aim was to characterize fecal microbiomes to identify taxa that may influence the expression of food allergy.MethodsStool samples were collected from children with IgE‐mediated food allergies, siblings without food allergy, and non‐allergic controls. Stool microbiome characterization was performed via next‐generation sequencing (Illumina) of the V1V3 and V4 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Bacterial diversity, evenness, richness, and relative abundance of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were evaluated using QIIME. ANOVA and Welch's t test were utilized to compare groups.ResultsSixty‐eight children were included: food‐allergic (n = 22), non‐food‐allergic siblings (n = 25), and controls (n = 21). When comparing fecal microbial communities across groups, differences were noted in Rikenellaceae (P = .035), Actinomycetaceae (P = .043), and Pasteurellaceae (P = .018), and nine other distinct OTUs. Food‐allergic subjects had enrichment for specific microbes within the Clostridia class and Firmicutes phylum (Oscillobacter valericigenes, Lachnoclostridium bolteae, Faecalibacterium sp.) compared to siblings and controls. Identification of Clostridium sp. OTUs revealed differences in specific Clostridia drive the separation of the allergic from the siblings and controls. Alistipes sp. were enriched in non‐allergic siblings.ConclusionsComparisons in the fecal microbiome of food‐allergic children, siblings, and healthy children point to key differences in microbiome signatures, suggesting the role of both genetic and environmental contributors in the manifestation of food‐allergic disease.
Quantitative trait locus analysis of seed germination, seedling vigour and seedling‐regulated hormones in Brassica napus
Authors: Nguyen Tung C. T. , Abrams Suzanne R. , Friedt Wolfgang , Snowdon Rod J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGood germination and seedling vigour are major breeding targets in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus), because seedling vigour and prewinter crop establishment are closely associated with postwinter growth and yield. Here, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to germination, seedling vigour and seedling‐regulated hormones in a doubled haploid (DH) mapping population from a cross between winter oilseed rape parents with high vigour (Express 617) and low vigour (1012‐98). By phenotyping in a climate‐controlled glasshouse, we identified a total of 13 QTL on nine chromosomes for germination and seedling‐related traits at 7 and 14 days after sowing (DAS), explaining up to 11.2% of the phenotypic variation for seedling vigour. Forty‐seven metabolic QTL on 15 chromosomes were identified for auxin, abscisic acid (ABA) and dihydrophaseic acid (DPA) at 5 and 12 DAS, explaining up to 49.4% of phenotypic variation in seedling hormone composition. Multitrait QTL hot spots contribute to our understanding of the genetics and metabolomics of germination and seeding vigour in B. napus, and represent potential targets to breed high‐vigour cultivars.
Adverse events reported to the Food and Drug Administration from 2004 to 2016 for cosmetics and personal care products marketed to newborns and infants
Authors: Cornell Erika , Kwa Michael , Paller Amy S. , Xu Shuai 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesDespite their ubiquitous use and several recent health controversies involving cosmetics and personal care products for children, the Food and Drug Administration has little oversight of these products and relies on consumer‐submitted adverse event reports. We assessed the recently released Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Adverse Event Reporting System database for adverse event reports submitted to the Food and Drug Administration for baby personal care products and to determine whether useful insights can be derived.MethodsWe extracted the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Adverse Event Reporting System data file from 2004 to 2016 and examined the subset classified according to the Food and Drug Administration–designated product class as a baby product. Events were manually categorized into product type and symptom type to assess for trends.ResultsOnly 166 total adverse events were reported to the Food and Drug Administration for baby products from 2004 to 2016. The majority of reports indicated rash or other skin reaction; 46% of reported events led to a health care visit.ConclusionPediatric dermatologists should consider submitting cosmetics and personal care product adverse event reports and encouraging consumers to do so likewise in situations in which a product adversely affects a child's health.
Skin barrier in the neonate
Authors: Taïeb Alain 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to focus on determinants of skin barrier function in neonates at molecular and cellular levels. The skin barrier is critical in terms of water and gas exchanges during fetal life and undergoes rapid changes at birth, followed by a progressive maturation. Consequences of skin barrier disruption can be extremely detrimental or lethal, as shown in severe genetic epidermal defects. In this context, the fine‐tuned rapid adaptation from a liquid to a gaseous milieu is not fully understood. The stratum corneum provides an air‐liquid barrier, tight junctions in the granular layer provide a liquid‐liquid barrier, aquaporins represent a plumbing system for water‐glycerol as well as gas exchanges, and Langerhans cells are central to the immunological barrier. Acid mantle formation is essential for appropriate interaction between the skin and microbial symbionts. Temperature and pH regulate the key enzyme activities responsible for the integrity of the stratum corneum. Skin barrier permeability can be assessed noninvasively and simply with miniaturized devices measuring transepidermal water loss, where water flow is faster in cases of a damaged or functionally premature barrier. New avenues for therapeutic skin barrier research in neonates include a better delineation of the maturation of aquaporins in water balance and gas exchanges from fetal to neonatal life and a better understanding of the role of vernix caseosa, in particular, for the implantation of a healthy microbiote. Practical applications should be derived for caring for infant skin, particularly in fragile zones, such as the diaper area.
Case study: Behavior changes in the family‐focused obesity prevention HOME Plus program
Authors: Myers Michelle L. , Fulkerson Jayne A. , Friend Sarah E. , Horning Melissa L. , Flattum Colleen F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this case study is to describe two successful HOME Plus participants and highlight how an intervention with individual and group components can help families make lifestyle changes that result in improvements in child weight status.DesignOne hundred and sixty families participated in the HOME Plus study, and were randomized to either a control or intervention group.SampleTwo successful HOME Plus participants were chosen because of their healthful changes in weight status and behavior and high engagement in the program.MeasurementsData were collected at baseline and postintervention, 1 year later. Data included height, weight, home food inventory, dietary recalls, and psychosocial surveys.InterventionFamilies in the intervention group participated in cooking and nutrition education sessions, goal‐setting activities, and motivational interviewing telephone calls to promote behavioral goals associated with meal planning, family meal frequency, and healthfulness of meals and snacks.ResultsAnalysis of the families' behaviors showed that Oliver (fictitious name) experienced changes in nutritional knowledge and cooking skill development while Sophia's (fictitious name) changes were associated with healthful food availability and increased family meal frequency.ConclusionThese cases show that offering a multicomponent, family‐focused program allows participants to select behavior strategies to fit their unique family needs.
Financing Flood Losses: A Discussion of the National Flood Insurance Program
Authors: Kousky Carolyn 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), housed in the Federal Emergency Management Agency, has been providing flood insurance to households and businesses for almost 50 years. To inform the policy discussion leading up to reauthorization, this article analyzes five aspects of the NFIP: (1) risk modeling and risk communication, (2) the roles of the public and private sector, (3) take‐up rates, (4) incentives for risk reduction, and (5) rate setting and the financing of catastrophic flood events. Suggestions for reform are discussed.
The Motivations for Food Exchanges in the Lives of Rural Older Adults
Authors: Cohen Adrienne L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGrowing older in rural areas can be challenging since access to support from others can be difficult. I conducted an exploratory descriptive study, framed by exchange theory, in rural Appalachian North Carolina in the United States over the course of a year with 16 rural elders with physical limitations and 8 of their supporters to determine how and why they constructed their networks of support. I conducted a total of 50 interviews. Through the analysis of interview data a theme regarding the important role of the exchange of food emerged. For this group of rural elders, food is both given to and received from others. The giving of food to others helps to rebalance exchanges where elders are receiving a good deal of support. In addition, food is exchanged for reasons that move well beyond nutritional needs. Food is used to initiate and support social exchanges, as expressions of kindness and neighborliness, and as a way to share abundance. Results expand on our understanding of the role of food exchanges in the lives of rural elders and expand exchange theory to include the motivations behind exchanges as an additional component of the theory.
Women's desistance from crime: A review of theory and the role higher education can play
Authors: Brown Marilyn , Bloom Barbara E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe emergent field of desistance research originated among scholars who were interested in the persistence or termination of crime among young men. From a focus on the structured effects of age‐graded events such as employment and marriage on desistance, the field has now broadened its interest into desistance as an interplay among identity, cognitive factors, and sociogenic factors. Mirroring the growth in theories about women's pathways to offending, the field of desistance has taken on a greater focus on gender as a determinant of crime termination. The discussion of women's desistance presented here provides the basis for a recommendation that higher education may play a pivotal role in enhancing women's successful reintegration into society after prison.
Acoustic emission source characterisation using evolutionary optimisation
Authors: Worden K. , Spencer A. B. , Packo P. , Staszewski W. J. , Uhl T. , Pierce S. G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhen a crack initiates and grows in a metal or composite structure, for example, due to high cycle fatigue, the crack propagation gives rise to acoustic emissions (AE)—ultrasonic waves travelling through the structure. Because the presence and rate of growth of any cracks are important pieces of information about the condition or health of the structure, the monitoring of AE activity using sensors mounted on its surface is a potentially useful technique of structural health monitoring. In tests, acoustic emissions are often simulated by breaking a pencil lead against the surface of the structure in a standardised way (a "Hsu‐Nielsen" source), but the forces that this imparts are not well understood at present. The current paper proposes a new evolutionary optimisation‐based approach to source characterisation. The principle is to introduce a parametrised representation of a general source and then identify the parameters that allow the source to best match responses measured elsewhere on the structure. The predicted responses are modelled using a local interaction simulation approach (LISA) algorithm to simulate the propagation of the ultrasonic waves. The approach is validated here using experiments on AE propagation in thin plate‐like structures, where the ultrasound propagates as Lamb waves. Three separate case studies are proposed here. In the first case, an idealised point source is simulated using laser‐generated ultrasound, and the optimisation algorithm uses a two‐dimensional LISA model. A differential evolution optimisation scheme is used to find the optimal profile of forcing to match the simulation with experiment. In the second case, the two‐dimensional LISA approach is used to characterise the forces associated with standard pencil lead breaks. The final study addresses the full three‐dimensional wave propagation. Because of the computational expense of the latter calculation, the LISA algorithm is implemented using a CUDA graphics card computer system.
Phytolith‐associated potassium in fern: characterization, dissolution properties and implications for slash‐and‐burn agriculture
Authors: Tran C. T. , Mai N. T. , Nguyen V. T. , Nguyen H. X. , Meharg A. , Carey M. , Dultz S. , Marone F. , Cichy S. B. , Nguyen M. N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn recent time, phytoliths (silicon deposition between plant cells) have been recognized as an important nutrient source for crops. The work presented here aims at highlighting the potential of phytolith‐occluded K pool in ferns. Dicranopteris linearis (D. linearis) is a common fern in the humid subtropical and tropical regions. Burning of the fern D. linearis is, in slash‐and‐burn regions, a common practice to prepare the soil before planting. We characterised the phytolith‐rich ash derived from the fern D. linearis and phytolith‐associated potassium (K) (phytK), using X‐ray tomographic microscopy in combination with kinetic batch experiments. D. linearis contains up to 3.9 g K/kg d.wt, including K subcompartmented in phytoliths. X‐ray tomographic microscopy visualized an interembedding structure between organic matter and silica, particularly in leaves. Corelease of K and Si observed in the batch experiments confirmed that the dissolution of ash phytoliths is one of major factors controlling K release. Under heat treatment, a part of the K is made available, while the remainder entrapped into phytoliths (ca. 2.0–3.3%) is unavailable until the phytoliths are dissolved. By enhanced removal of organic phases, or forming more stable silica phases, heat treatment changes dissolution properties of the phytoliths, affecting K release for crops and soils. The maximum releases of soluble K and Si were observed for the phytoliths treated at 500–800 °C. For quantitative approaches for the K provision of plants from the soil phytK pool in soils, factors regulating phytolith dissolution rate have to be considered.
Site visits in interfaith and religious studies pedagogy: Reflections on visiting a Hindu temple in central Pennsylvania
Authors: Long Jeffery D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSite visits provide an irreplaceable learning experience to students in both religious studies and the emerging field of interfaith studies. The conceptual core of this thesis is the claim, drawn from feminist epistemology, that an embodied pedagogy – a pedagogy which engages students not only intellectually, but as embodied beings who inhabit a space, engage in physical activities, and undergo various sensory experiences – is ultimately more enriching than a pedagogy centered exclusively in the classroom. Factors that make a site visit a successful instance of embodied pedagogy include the provision of sufficient context to students in advance for them to understand and appreciate the experience, an opportunity afterward to reflect on this experience in an intentional way, ensuring the site and the community whose space it is are treated with proper respect, and ensuring that the religious sensibilities of one's students are also similarly respected.
Perception, Intuition, and Reliability
Authors: Hauser Kai , Öner Tahsİn 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe question of how we can know anything about ideal entities to which we do not have access through our senses has been a major concern in the philosophical tradition since Plato'sPhaedo. This article focuses on the paradigmatic case of mathematical knowledge. Following a suggestion by Gödel, we employ concepts and ideas from Husserlian phenomenology to argue that mathematical objects – and ideal entities in general – are recognized in a process very closely related to ordinary perception. Our analysis combines Husserl's insights into the nature of perception and the phenomena of evidence and justification with case studies of the role of intuition in axiomatic set theory.
Absence of interaction between porcine endogenous retrovirus and porcine cytomegalovirus in pig‐to‐baboon renal xenotransplantation in vivo
Authors: Fishman Jay A. , Sachs David H. , Yamada Kazuhiko , Wilkinson Robert A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundStudies of xenotransplantation from swine have identified porcine viruses as potential barriers to clinical trials. The biology of these viruses has not been extensively investigated in the in vivo xeno‐environment. Enhancement of viral gene expression by viral and cellular factors acting intranshas been demonstrated for certain viruses, including bidirectional interactions between human herpesviruses and endogenous (HERV) and exogenous (HIV) retroviruses. Both porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) and porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) infections have been identified in xenografts from swine.PERVreceptors exist on human cells with productive infection in vitro in permissive human target cell lines.PCMVis largely species‐specific with infection restricted to the xenograft in pig‐to‐baboon transplants. It is unknown whether coinfection byPCMVaffects the replication ofPERVwithin xenograft tissues which might have implications for the risk of retroviral infection in the human host.MethodsA series of 11 functioning, life‐supporting pig‐to‐baboon kidney xenografts fromPERV‐positive miniature swine were studied with and withoutPCMVco‐infection. Frozen biopsy samples were analyzed using quantitative, real‐timePCRwith internal controls.ResultsPERVreplication was not altered in the presence ofPCMVcoinfection (P = .70). The absence of variation with coinfection was confirmed whenPERVquantitation was expressed relative to simultaneous cellularGAPDHlevels with or withoutPCMVcoinfection (P = .59).ConclusionsPCMVcoinfection does not alter the replication ofPERVin life‐supporting renal xenotransplantation in vivo in baboons.
Fenómeno y sujeto:  el fundamento de la presencia
Authors: Calderón Jacinto H. 
Published: April 2018

<p>La filosofía, en su pretensión de ser un discurso ceñido a lo real, tiene que rendir cuentas a lo que en este artículo llamamos “presencia”, es decir, a la condición fenoménica de todo ente que se presenta al psiquismo. En este sentido, encontramos que Kant, estableciendo su idealismo trascendental, se atiene a la presencia hasta que el sujeto aparece y lo presente parece cambiar de fundamento. En este momento aparece la doctrina de la ciencia de Fichte, planteando la presencia en otros términos que, de ser correctos, nos permiten acceder a una nueva dimensión de la filosofía.</p><p> </p>
Insight into the Significance of Aspergillus fumigatus cyp51A Polymorphisms
Authors: Garcia-Rubio Rocio , Alcazar-Fuoli Laura , Monteiro Maria Candida , Monzon Sara , Cuesta Isabel , Pelaez Teresa , Mellado Emilia 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Triazole antifungal compounds are the first treatment choice for invasive aspergillosis. However, in the last decade the rate of azole resistance among
Aspergillus fumigatus
strains has increased notoriously. The main resistance mechanisms are well defined and mostly related to point mutations of the azole target, 14-α sterol demethylase (
cyp51A
), with or without tandem repeat integrations in the
cyp51A
promoter. Furthermore, different combinations of five Cyp51A mutations (F46Y, M172V, N248T, D255E, and E427K) have been reported worldwide in about 10% of all
A. fumigatus
isolates tested. The azole susceptibility profile of these strains shows elevated azole MICs, although on the basis of the azole susceptibility breakpoints, these strains are not considered azole resistant. The purpose of the study was to determine whether these
cyp51A
polymorphisms (single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) are responsible for the azole susceptibility profile and whether they are reflected in a poorer azole treatment response
in vivo
that could compromise patient treatment and outcome. A mutant with a
cyp51A
deletion was generated and became fully susceptible to all azoles tested. Also, three
cyp51A
gene constructions with different combinations of SNPs were generated and reintroduced into an azole-susceptible wild-type (WT) strain (the Δ
akuB
KU80
strain). The alternative model host
Galleria mellonella
was used to compare the virulence and voriconazole response of
G. mellonella
larvae infected with
A. fumigatus
strains with WT
cyp51A
or
cyp51A
with SNPs. All strains were pathogenic in
G. mellonella
larvae, although they did not respond similarly to voriconazole therapeutic doses. Finally, the full genomes of these strains were sequenced and analyzed in comparison with those of
A. fumigatus
WT strains, revealing that they belong to different strain clusters or lineages.