bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative trait loci mapping of forage agronomic traits in six mapping populations derived from European elite maize germplasm
Authors: Leng Pengfei , Ouzunova Milena , Landbeck Matthias , Wenzel Gerhard , Eder Joachim , Darnhofer Birte , Lübberstedt Thomas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFour agronomic traits were analysed including dry matter concentration (DMC) and dry matter yield (DMY) for stover, plant height (PHT) and days from planting to silking (DPS). We mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) in three populations with doubled haploid lines (DHL), one RIL population and two testcross (TC) populations derived from crosses between two of the four populations mentioned above to elite tester lines, based on field phenotyping at multiple locations and years for each; 146–168 SSRs were used for genotyping of the four mapping populations. Significant high phenotypic and genotypic correlations were found for all traits at two locations, while DMC was negatively correlated with the other traits. A total of 42, 41, 54, and 45 QTL were identified for DMC, DMY, PHT, and DPS, respectively, with 9, 7, 12, and 7 major QTL for each trait. Most detected QTL displayed significant interactions with environment. Major QTL detected in more than two populations will contribute to marker‐assisted breeding and also to fine mapping candidate genes associated with maize agronomic traits.
Paroxysmal complete atrioventricular block in pediatric heart transplant recipients following cardiac catheterization: A case series
Authors: Magnetta Defne A. , Feingold Brian , Beerman Lee B. , Blasiole Brian , Arora Gaurav 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLate‐onset paroxysmal AVB has been described as a rare complication after HT and has been associated with AR or CAV. We describe 4 pediatric HT recipients who developed paroxysmal AVB hours after routine cardiac catheterization in the absence of AR, CAV, or underlying conduction system disease. Four pediatric HT recipients who were >1 year post‐transplant had episodes of paroxysmal AVB hours after surveillance cardiac catheterization with EMB. Telemetry demonstrated high‐grade block, ranging from 2:1 AVB to complete AVB without ventricular escape for several seconds. None of the patients had significant AR or rapidly progressive CAV. Supplemental testing did not reveal underlying conduction system disease. Three of the 4 patients received permanent pacemakers, although subsequent interrogations showed minimal ventricular pacing. These pediatric HT recipients had paroxysmal AVB hours after cardiac catheterization in the absence of significant AR, CAV, or underlying conduction system disease. Subsequent pacemaker interrogations showed minimal ventricular pacing, suggesting these were isolated episodes. These cases suggest that mechanisms in addition to AR and CAV may cause paroxysmal AVB in pediatric HT recipients, warranting further investigation.
Behavioral health care in solid organ transplantation in a pediatric setting
Authors: Thomson Katharine , McKenna Kristine , Bedard‐Thomas Katherine , Oliva Melisa , Ibeziako Patricia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study examined the demographic, medical, and psychiatric characteristics of transplant patients across organ groups seen by transplant psychology/psychiatry clinicians at a pediatric institution between 2008 and 2014. Chart reviews were conducted to better understand the behavioral health care provided to SOT patients and the role of transplant‐dedicated psychology and psychiatry clinicians. Transplant psychology/psychiatry was consulted a total of 1060 times on 399 unique SOT patients over a 6‐year period. There were no significant differences in the distribution of age, sex, or ethnicity across organ groups. Common reasons for a consultation included pretransplant evaluation, anxiety, depression, agitation, and general coping. Rates varied by organ groups. Twenty percent of consults also received a psychopharmacological evaluation, with differences in rates between organ groups. Roughly one‐third of patients required high frequency of transplant psychology/psychiatry involvement. Lung and heart patients had the highest utilization. Psychiatric diagnosis rates were identified, with adjustment (41.0%) and anxiety disorders (30.1%) being the most common. Pediatric psychology and psychiatry clinicians offer developmentally informed biopsychosocial approaches to treatment for SOT patients. Clarifying the prevalence and nature of behavioral health care provided by organ group can help pediatric providers better understand appropriate psychosocial interventions and resources utilized by this patient population and ultimately guide centers toward a more unified approach to care.
Should Government Go It Alone or With a Partner? A Comparison of Outcomes from a Work Release Program Using Different Policy Tools
Authors: Jung Haeil , Malatesta Deanna , LaLonde Robert J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article compares labor market outcomes from two different approaches to a work release program in Illinois: direct provision by a government and a purchase‐of‐service (POS) contract between government and a public charity. Significantly better employment and earnings outcomes were associated with the POS contract. To better understand the reasons for the success of the POS contract, the authors further examined the specific terms of the contract, organizational expertise, and the political context of POS contracts. The results are organized according to the main theoretical assertions. Findings add to the weight of evidence that contractors, like public charities, can be valuable government partners for addressing challenging social policies and programs.
Presynaptic inhibition decreases when estrogen level rises
Authors: Hoffman M. A. , Doeringer J. R. , Norcross M. F. , Johnson S. T. , Chappell P. E. 
Published: May 2018

The objective was to determine estrogen's influence on control of a skeletal muscle through measurements of motorneuron excitability (H:M ratio) and presynaptic inhibition (PI). Estrogen serum concentrations were measured at menses and ovulation of female subjects and compared to male controls. Data were analyzed from 12 women and 13 men reporting no history of knee ligament injury. Women reported regular menstrual cycles and no hormone‐based contraceptive use for the previous year. Women were tested at menses (Time1) and ovulation (Time2). Men were tested twice, approximately 14 days apart. Analysis indicated no difference in the H:M ratio between the sexes at either time point. A significant difference for the sexes was detected in the magnitude of estrogen change (∆EST) between observations. At Time1, the male and female estrogen concentrations were not different; however, they were different at Time2, primarily due to the large rise observed in the women. A significant difference between the sexes was also seen in the magnitude of change for PI (∆PI) between observations. As with EST, the levels of PI between the sexes at Time1 were not different; however, a difference existed at Time 2. Estrogen interacts with GABA at several nervous system locations affecting inhibition of synaptic transmission. This is the first study to investigate changes in PI of a skeletal muscle between times of low and high estrogen. Improving the understanding of estrogen's influence on skeletal muscles may provide answers to why noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries of the knee occur more frequently in women.
Epidemiological evaluation of Leishmania infantum zoonotic transmission risk in the recently established endemic area of Northwestern Italy
Authors: Ferroglio E. , Battisti E. , Zanet S. , Bolla C. , Concialdi E. , Trisciuoglio A. , Khalili S. , Biglino A. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryLeishmania infantum infection had been expanding into new areas due to changes in vector and host biology. Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis has become endemic in previously unsuitable areas as vectors find favourable climatic conditions and an increasing number of reservoir dogs are moved between traditionally and new endemic areas. Monitoring vector and disease expansion in areas of recent colonization is needed to understand transmission mechanisms and patterns of disease establishment. Here, we studied the infection status of 815 human blood donors and of 803 sympatric dogs from five, newly endemic, areas in Northwestern Italy. In autochthonous dogs, the seroprevalence of anti‐L. infantum antibodies, recorded by Western blot, reached 42.22%, while in humans, the seroprevalence was of 16.81%. No significant correlation between the infection status of dogs and that of their human owners was found, but L. infantum infection was recorded in the different study areas with significant levels of diversity. Restriction fragment length polymorphism showed a high genetic variability of the circulating strains and gave useful insights on patterns of disease establishment into a naïve area.
Heat Acclimation by Postexercise Hot-Water Immersion: Reduction of Thermal Strain During Morning and Afternoon Exercise-Heat Stress After Morning Hot-Water Immersion
Authors: Zurawlew Michael J. , Mee Jessica A. , Walsh Neil P. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:Recommendations state that to acquire the greatest benefit from heat-acclimation, the clock time of heat-acclimation sessions should match that of expected exercise-heat stress. It remains unknown if adaptations by postexercise hot-water immersion (HWI) demonstrate time-of-day-dependent adaptations. Thus, the authors examined whether adaptations following postexercise HWI completed in the morning were present during morning and afternoon exercise-heat stress.Methods:Ten males completed an exercise-heat stress test commencing in the morning (9:45 AM) and afternoon (2:45 PM; 40 min; 65% of maximal oxygen uptake treadmill run) before and after heat-acclimation. The 6-d heat-acclimation intervention involved a daily 40-min treadmill run (65% of maximal oxygen uptake) in temperate conditions followed by ≤40-min HWI (40°C; 6:30–11:00 AM).Results:Adaptations by 6-d postexercise HWI in the morning were similar in the morning and afternoon. Reductions in resting rectal temperature (Tre) (AM −0.34°C [0.24°C], PM −0.27°C [0.23°C];P = .002),Treat sweating onset (AM −0.34°C [0.24°C], PM −0.31°C [0.25°C];P = .001), and end-exerciseTre(AM −0.47°C [0.33°C], PM −0.43°C [0.29°C];P = .001), heart rate (AM −14 [7] beats·min−1, PM −13 [6] beats·min−1;P < .01), rating of perceived exertion (P = .01), and thermal sensation (P = .005) were not different in the morning compared with the afternoon.Conclusion:Morning heat acclimation by postexercise HWI induced adaptations at rest and during exercise-heat stress in the morning and midafternoon.
Eliciting Higher Maximal and Submaximal Cardiorespiratory Responses During a New Taekwondo-Specific Aerobic Test
Authors: Hausen Matheus , Soares Pedro Paulo , Araujo Marcus Paulo , Esteves Débora , Julio Hilbert , Tauil Roberto , Junca Marcus , Porto Flávia , Franchini Emerson , Bridge Craig Alan , Gurgel Jonas 
Published: May 2018

Purpose: To propose and validate new taekwondo-specific cardiopulmonary exercise tests. Methods: Twelve male national-level taekwondo athletes (age 20 [2] y, body mass 67.5 [5.7] kg, height 175 [8] cm, and training experience 7 [3] y) performed 3 separate exercise tests in a randomized counterbalanced order: (1) a treadmill running cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and (2) continuous and (3) interval taekwondo-specific cardiopulmonary exercise tests (cTKDet and iTKDet, respectively). The CPET was administered using an individualized ramp protocol. Taekwondo tests comprised sequences of turning kicks performed on a stationary target. The impacts were recorded via an electronic scoring sensor used in official competition. Stages on the cTKDet and iTKDet lasted 1 min and progressively reduced the kick interval duration. These were guided by a sound signal, starting with 4.6 s between kicks and reducing by 0.4 s every minute until the test ended. Oxygen uptake (), heart rate (HR), capillary blood lactate, and ratings of perceived exertion were measured. Results: Modest differences were identified in between the tests (F2,22 = 3.54; P = .046; effect size [ES] = 0.16). Maximal HR (HRmax) was higher during both taekwondo tests (F2,22 = 14.3; P = .001; ES = 1.14) compared with CPET. Specific tests also yielded higher responses in the first ventilatory threshold (F2,22 = 6.5; P = .04; ES = 0.27) and HR (F2,22 = 12.3; P < .001; ES = 1.06), and HR at the second ventilatory threshold (F2,22 = 5.7; P = .02; ES = 0.72). Conclusions: Taekwondo-specific cardiopulmonary tests enhance the validity of some cardiopulmonary responses and might therefore be considered to optimize routine diagnostic testing and training prescription for this athletic group.
Elite Male and Female 800-m Runners’ Display of Different Pacing Strategies During Season-Best Performances
Authors: Filipas Luca , Nerli Ballati Emiliano , Bonato Matteo , La Torre Antonio , Piacentini Maria Francesca 
Published: May 2018

Purpose: To analyze the pacing profiles of the world’s top 800-m annual performances between 2010 and 2016, comparing men’s and women’s strategies. Methods: A total of 142 performances were characterized for overall race times and 0-to-200-m, 200-to-400-m, 400-to-600-m, and 600-to-800-m split times using available footage from YouTube. Only the best annual performance for each athlete was considered. Overall race and split speed were calculated so that each lap speed could be expressed as a percentage of the mean race speed. Results: The mean speed of the men’s 800-m was 7.73 (0.06) m·s−1, with the 0-to-200-m split faster than the others. After the first split, the speed decreased significantly during the 3 subsequent splits (P < .001). The mean speed of the women’s 800-m was 6.77 (0.05) m·s−1, with a significative variation in speed during the race (P < .001). The first split was faster than the others (P < .001). During the rest of the race, speed was almost constant, and no difference was observed between the other splits. Comparison between men and women revealed that there was an interaction between split and gender (P < .001), showing a different pacing behavior in 800-m competitions. Conclusions: The world’s best 800-m performances revealed an important difference in the pacing profile between men and women. Tactics could play a greater role in this difference, but physiological and behavioral characteristics are likely also important.
Magnetic seismology of interstellar gas clouds: Unveiling a hidden dimension
Authors: Tritsis Aris , Tassis Konstantinos 
Published: May 2018

A vibrating molecular cloud in three dimensions
Molecular clouds are relatively dense assemblies of interstellar dust and gas (mostly molecular hydrogen) from which stars form. Determining the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of these clouds is difficult because we only see a 2D projection of them onto the sky. While examining far-infrared observations of the nearby Musca cloud, Tritsis and Tassis discovered that the cloud is vibrating with magnetohydrodynamic waves. The pattern of vibrations reveals the 3D structure and shows that Musca is a sheet seen edge-on, not a filament as previously assumed.

Science
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635
Efficient coding explains the universal law of generalization in human perception
Authors: Sims Chris R. 
Published: May 2018

Balancing costs and performance
Deciding whether a novel object is another instance of something already known or an example of something different is an easily solved problem. Empirical mapping of human performance across a wide range of domains has established an exponential relationship between the generalization gradient and interstimuli distance. Sims now shows that this relationship can be derived from a consideration of the costs of optimal information coding.

Science
, this issue p.
652
A Multimodal Imaging Approach Enables
In Vivo
Assessment of Antifungal Treatment in a Mouse Model of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Poelmans Jennifer , Himmelreich Uwe , Vanherp Liesbeth , Zhai Luca , Hillen Amy , Holvoet Bryan , Belderbos Sarah , Brock Matthias , Maertens Johan , Vande Velde Greetje , Lagrou Katrien 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Aspergillus fumigatus
causes life-threatening lung infections in immunocompromised patients. Mouse models are extensively used in research to assess the
in vivo
efficacies of antifungals. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the use of noninvasive imaging techniques to evaluate experimental infections. However, single imaging modalities have limitations concerning the type of information they can provide. In this study, magnetic resonance imaging and bioluminescence imaging were combined to obtain longitudinal information on the extent of developing lesions and fungal load in a leukopenic mouse model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). This multimodal imaging approach was used to assess changes occurring within lungs of infected mice receiving voriconazole treatment starting at different time points after infection. The results showed that IPA development depends on the inoculum size used to infect animals and that disease can be successfully prevented or treated by initiating intervention during early stages of infection. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a reduction in fungal load is not necessarily associated with the disappearance of lesions on anatomical lung images, especially when antifungal treatment coincides with immune recovery. In conclusion, multimodal imaging allows an investigation of different aspects of disease progression or recovery by providing complementary information on dynamic processes, which are highly useful for assessing the efficacy of (novel) therapeutic compounds in a time- and labor-efficient manner.
Pharmacokinetic Changes during Pregnancy According to Genetic Variants: a Prospective Study in HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Atazanavir-Ritonavir
Authors: Focà Emanuele , Calcagno Andrea , Bonito Andrea , Cusato Jessica , Domenighini Elisabetta , D'Avolio Antonio , Quiros Roldan Eugenia , Trentini Laura , Castelnuovo Filippo , Di Perri Giovanni , Castelli Francesco , Bonora Stefano 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTAtazanavir-ritonavir concentrations change over time during pregnancy in HIV-positive patients; the impact of genetic variants is unknown. Twenty patients were enrolled in this study; plasma and intracellular concentrations of antiretrovirals were measured, in addition to single-nucleotide polymorphisms in transport-related genes. Linear logistic regression showed that genetic variants in organic-anion-transporter-1B1- and pregnane-X-receptor-encoding genes affected third-trimester atazanavir exposure. In this prospective study, genetic variants partially explained the observed interpatient variability in third-trimester exposure to antiretrovirals.
Identification and Characterization of Salmonella enterica Serotype Newport Isolates with Decreased Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin in the United States
Authors: Campbell D. , Tagg K. , Bicknese A. , McCullough A. , Chen J. , Karp B. E. , Folster J. P. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Nontyphoidal
Salmonella
(NTS) causes an estimated 1.2 million illnesses, 23,000 hospitalizations, and 450 deaths each year in the United States. Decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (DSC) has historically been associated with chromosomal mutations of the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR), but plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes are increasing. To investigate DSC among
Salmonella enterica
serotype Newport strains, we examined 40 isolates from 1996 to 2016 with DSC. Thirty isolates (71%) contained the PMQR gene
qnrB
and eight isolates (19%) contained a QRDR.
General practitioners providing non-urgent care in emergency department: a natural experiment
Authors: Uthman Olalekan A , Walker Clare , Lahiri Sudakshina , Jenkinson David , Adekanmbi Victor , Robertson Wendy , Clarke Aileen 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo examine whether care provided by general practitioners (GPs) to non-urgent patients in the emergency department differs significantly from care provided by usual accident and emergency (A&E) staff in terms of process outcomes and A&E clinical quality indicators.DesignPropensity score matched cohort study.SettingGPs in A&E colocated within the University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust between May 2015 and March 2016.ParticipantsNon-urgent attendances visits to the A&E department.Main outcomesProcess outcomes (any investigation, any blood investigation, any radiological investigation, any intervention, admission and referrals) and A&E clinical indicators (spent 4 hours plus, left without being seen and 7-day reattendance).ResultsA total of 5426 patients seen by GPs in A&E were matched with 10 852 patients seen by emergency physicians (ratio 1:2). Compared with standard care in A&E, GPs in A&E significantly: admitted fewer patients (risk ratio (RR) 0.28, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.31), referred fewer patients to other specialists (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.40), ordered fewer radiological investigations (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.42), ordered fewer blood tests (0.57, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.61) and ordered fewer investigations (0.93, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.96). However, they intervened more, offered more primary care follow-up (RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.67 to 1.89) and referred more patients to outpatient and other A&E clinics (RR 2.29, 95% CI 2.10 to 2.49). Patients seen by GPs in A&E were on average less likely to spend 4 hours plus in A&E (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.45) compared with standard care in A&E. There was no difference in reattendance after 7 days (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.09).ConclusionGPs in A&E tended to manage self-reporting minor cases with fewer resources than standard care in A&E, without increasing reattendance rates.
Senior doctor triage (SDT), a qualitative study of clinicians’ views on senior doctors’ involvement in triage and early assessment of emergency patients
Authors: Abdulwahid Maysam Ali , Turner Janette , Mason Suzanne M 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionDespite the focus during the last decade on introducing interventions such as senior doctor initial assessment or senior doctor triage (SDT) to reduce emergency department (ED) crowding, there has been little attempt to identify the views of emergency healthcare professionals on such interventions. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of SDT from the perspective of emergency hospital staff. A secondary aim of this study was to develop a definition of SDT based on the interview findings and the available literature on this process.MethodsQualitative semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with participants of different backgrounds including senior doctors, nurses, paramedics and ED managers. Textual data were analysed using a template analysis approach.Results27 participants from 13 EDs across England were interviewed. SDT was viewed as a safety mechanism and a measure to control patient flow. The most prominent positive aspect was the ability to initiate early investigations and treatment. Various shortcomings of SDT were described such as the lack of standardisation of the process and its cost implications. Participants identified a number of barriers to this process including insufficient resources and exit block, and called for solutions focused on these issues. A proposed definition of an ‘ideal’ SDT was developed where it is described as a systematic brief assessment of patients arriving at the ED by a senior doctor-led team, which takes place in a dedicated unit. The aim of this assessment is to facilitate early investigation and management of patients, early patient disposition and guide junior staff to deliver safe and high-quality clinical care.ConclusionThis is the first national study to explore the opinions of various emergency and managerial staff on the SDT model. It revealed variable interpretations of this model and what it can and cannot offer. This has led to a standard definition of the SDT process, which can be useful for clinicians and researchers in emergency care.