bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate-mode initialization for decadal climate predictions
Authors: Polkova Iuliia , Köhl Armin , Stammer Detlef 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the context of decadal climate predictions, a climate-mode initialization method is being tested by which ocean ORAS4 reanalysis is projected onto dominant modes of variability of the Earth System Model from the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-ESM). The method aims to improve the prediction skill of the model by filtering out dynamically unbalanced noise during the initialization step. Used climate modes are calculated as statistical 3-D modes based on the bivariate empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis applied to temperature and salinity anomalies from an ensemble of historical simulations from the MPI-ESM. The climate-mode initialization method shows improved surface temperature skill, particularly over the tropical Pacific Ocean at seasonal-to-interannual timescales associated with the improved zonal momentum balance. There, the new initialization somewhat outperforms the surface temperature skill of the anomaly initialization also for lead years 2–5. In other parts of the world ocean, both initialization methods currently are equivalent in skill. However, only 44% of variance in the original ORAS4 reconstruction remains after the projection on model modes, suggesting that the ORAS4 modes are not fully compatible with the model modes. Moreover, we cannot dismiss the possibility that model modes are not sufficiently sampled with the data set underlying the EOF analysis. The full potential of the climate-mode initialization method for future decadal prediction systems therefore still needs to be quantified based on improved modal representation.
Transverse process fractures of the thoracic vertebrae—the significance of this injury in the context of medicolegal opinions on high-energy trauma cases
Authors: Borowska-Solonynko Aleksandra , Prokopowicz Victoria 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Thoracic transverse process fractures (TTPFs) are injuries that go unnoticed during traditional autopsies, as demonstrated by a lack of medicolegal publications regarding TTPFs. However, postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) has made detection of this type of injury easy. Thus, the goal of our study was to analyze the significance of TTPFs in the context of medicolegal opinions. Forensic autopsy reports and PMCT scans of 116 people who had died from high-energy trauma were analyzed. TTPFs were found in 34.48% (n = 40) of the total test group. The highest proportions of TTPFs were found in drivers (50%, n = 8) and in victims of falls from heights (41%, n = 14). Among seven car passengers, only one victim had suffered TTPFs. In comparison with persons without TTPFs, persons with TTPFs demonstrated more severe general injuries, especially to the chest and abdomen, and more often (in 90% of cases) died at the scene of injury (all these differences were statistically significant; p < 0.0001). Pedestrian TTPFs were present only in victims struck from their front or back. TTPFs in victims of falls were found only in those cases in which the height of the fall was at least 9 m. The presence of TTPFs indicates that the application of a very strong force leads to injuries that, in most cases, result in death at the scene of the event. Detecting TTPFs provides additional information about the mechanism of trauma, especially in pedestrians, drivers, passengers, and victims of falls from heights.
Taxonomic traits in the microstructure of flowers of parasitic Orobanche picridis with particular emphasis on secretory structures
Authors: Konarska Agata , Chmielewski Piotr 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOrobanche picridisis an obligate root parasite devoid of chlorophyll in aboveground organs, which infects variousPicrisspecies. Given the high level of phenotypic variability of the species, the considerable limitation of the number of taxonomically relevant traits (mainly in terms of generative elements), and the low morphological variation between species,Orobancheis regarded as one of the taxonomically most problematic genera. This study aimed to analyse the taxonomic traits ofO. picridisflowers with the use of stereoscopic and bright-field microscopy as well as fluorescence, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The micromorphology of sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils was described. For the first time, the anatomy of parasiticOrobanchenectaries and the ultrastructure of nectaries and glandular trichomes were presented. Special attention was paid to the distribution and types of glandular and non-glandular trichomes as well as the types of metabolites contained in these structures. It was demonstrated that the nectary gland was located at the base of the gynoecium and nectar was secreted through modified nectarostomata. The secretory parenchyma cells contained nuclei, large amyloplasts with starch granules, mitochondria, and high content of endoplasmic reticulum profiles. Nectar was transported via symplastic and apoplastic routes. The results of histochemical assays and fluorescence tests revealed the presence of four groups of metabolites, i.e. polyphenols (tannins, flavonoids), lipids (acidic and neutral lipids, essential oil, sesquiterpenes, steroids), polysaccharides (acidic and neutral polysaccharides), and alkaloids, in the trichomes located on perianth elements and stamens.
Varying Vegetation Composition, Respiration and Photosynthesis Decrease Temporal Variability of the CO2 Sink in a Boreal Bog
Authors: Korrensalo Aino , Mehtätalo Lauri , Alekseychik Pavel , Uljas Salli , Mammarella Ivan , Vesala Timo , Tuittila Eeva-Stiina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We quantified the role of spatially varying vegetation composition in seasonal and interannual changes in a boreal bog’s CO2 uptake. We divided the spatially heterogeneous site into six microform classes based on plant species composition and measured their net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using chamber method over the growing seasons in 2012–2014. A nonlinear mixed-effects model was applied to assess how the contributions of microforms with different vegetation change temporally, and to upscale NEE to the ecosystem level to be compared with eddy covariance (EC) measurements. Both ecosystem respiration (R) and gross photosynthesis (PG) were the largest in high hummocks, 894–964 (R) and 969–1132 (PG) g CO2 m−2 growing season−1, and decreased toward the wetter microforms. NEE had a different spatial pattern than R and PG; the highest cumulative seasonal CO2 sink was found in lawns in all years (165–353 g CO2 m−2). Microforms with similar wetness but distinct vegetation had different NEE, highlighting the importance of vegetation composition in regulating CO2 sink. Chamber-based ecosystem-level NEE was smaller and varied less interannually than the EC-derived estimate, indicating a need for further research on the error sources of both methods. Lawns contributed more to ecosystem-level NEE (55–78%) than their areal cover within the site (21.5%). In spring and autumn, lawns had the highest NEE, whereas in midsummer differences among microforms were small. The contributions of all microforms to the ecosystem-level NEE varied seasonally and interannually, suggesting that spatially heterogeneous vegetation composition could make bog CO2 uptake temporally more stable.
Cross-sectoral and trans-national interactions in national-scale climate change impacts assessment—the case of the Czech Republic
Authors: Papadimitriou Lamprini , Trnka Miroslav , Harrison Paula , Holman Ian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Assessing the combined impacts of future climate and socio-economic change at the country level is vital for supporting national adaptation policies. Here, we use a novel modelling approach to study the systemic impacts of climate and socio-economic changes on the Czech Republic, taking account of cross-sectoral interactions between agriculture, water, forestry, land-use and biodiversity, and, for the first time, trans-national interactions. We evaluate the national-level baseline results, scenario-neutral model sensitivities, and climate and socio-economic scenario impacts using a European-scale integrated modelling tool. Consistently across most climate and socio-economic scenarios, the Czech Republic is projected to have increasing importance as a crop-growing region in Europe, due to an increased competitive advantage within the continent. Arable land in the Czech Republic expands, at the expense of livestock farming and forestry, with associated impacts of increased water scarcity and reduced biodiversity for the country. Accounting for trans-national interactions in national-scale assessments provides more realistic assessments of impacts and helps to identify the changing role of the country within its regional and continental domain. Such improved understanding can support policy-makers in developing national adaptation actions that reduce adverse impacts and realise opportunities.
An update and reassessment of fern and lycophyte diversity data in the Japanese Archipelago
Authors: Ebihara Atsushi , Nitta Joel H. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The fern and lycophyte flora of Japan comprising 721 native taxa (including subspecies and varieties) plus 371 interspecific hybrids was reassessed using a nearly comprehensively sampled distribution map at 10 km resolution vouchered by 216,687 specimens, up-to-date cytotaxonomic information covering 74% of the taxa, and an rbcL sequence dataset covering 97.9% of the taxa. Spatial distribution of species richness and phylogenetic diversity was visualized. Apomixis was observed in 11.0% of the native taxa whose reproductive modes are known. The number of sexually reproducing polyploid taxa (n = 199) is less than sexual diploids (n = 241), and 30 of them are evidently allopolyploid, in contrast with the low number of possible autopolyploids (n = 4). Apomictic taxa were found to have smaller latitudinal ranges than sexual taxa or taxa with multiple reproductive modes. A morphological character dataset in Lucid format is provided for taxonomic identification of the native taxa.
Hybrid regression and isophote curvature for accurate eye center localization
Authors: Xia Yifan , Lou Jianwen , Dong Junyu , Qi Lin , Li Gongfa , Yu Hui 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The eye center localization is a crucial requirement for various human-computer interaction applications such as eye gaze estimation and eye tracking. However, although significant progress has been made in the field of eye center localization in recent years, it is still very challenging for tasks under the significant variability situations caused by different illumination, shape, color and viewing angles. In this paper, we propose a hybrid regression and isophote curvature for accurate eye center localization under low resolution. The proposed method first applies the regression method, which is called Supervised Descent Method (SDM), to obtain the rough location of eye region and eye centers. SDM is robust against the appearance variations in the eye region. To make the center points more accurate, isophote curvature method is employed on the obtained eye region to obtain several candidate points of eye center. Finally, the proposed method selects several estimated eye center locations from the isophote curvature method and SDM as our candidates and a SDM-based means of gradient method further refine the candidate points. Therefore, we combine regression and isophote curvature method to achieve robustness and accuracy. In the experiment, we have extensively evaluated the proposed method on the two public databases which are very challenging and realistic for eye center localization and compared our method with existing state-of-the-art methods. The results of the experiment confirm that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods with a significant improvement in accuracy and robustness and has less computational complexity.
Possibilities of establishing a smallholder pig identification and traceability system in Kenya
Authors: Mutua Florence , Lindahl Johanna , Randolph Delia 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Consumers have a right to safer foods, and traceability is one approach to meeting their expectations. Kenya does not have an operational animal traceability system, and while a few initiatives have been piloted, these have only focused on the beef value chain. In this paper, we begin a discussion on traceability in the pig value chain, with an initial focus on smallholder systems of Western Kenya. First, a background to local pig production is given, and a description of animal identification and traceability options applicable to these systems is explained. Based on this, a “butcher-to-farm” traceability system, with health, production and food safety as objectives, is discussed. Requirements for establishing such a system (including actor incentives) are additionally discussed. The proposed approach can be piloted in the field and findings used to inform the design of a larger pilot and possibly pave way for implementation of a national traceability system, in line with the guidelines provided by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Organized systems in the area (including commercial producer and trader groups) would offer a useful starting point.
The right to an effective remedy in European law: significance, content and interaction
Authors: Piątek Wojciech 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
One of the basic rights and a general principle of the European Union is the right to an effective remedy. In the paper is presented the basis of the right to an effective remedy derived from the first paragraph of Article 47. The right could be realized only before a tribunal which is an extraordinary public authority competent to adjudicate civil, criminal and administrative cases. The effectiveness of a remedy manifests itself in the sense of preventing the alleged violation of law or its continuation, or in providing adequate redress for any violation that had already occurred. The standard of the right to an effective remedy is fulfilled in all EU Member States differently. As an example in the paper was presented interactions between above mentioned standards and polish legal system in the area of administrative judiciary.
Spectroscopy and Light Emitting Diodes Based System in Characterizing External Beam Therapy 3 Films for Solar Ultraviolet Measurement
Authors: Ahmad Shah Wan Insaniah Saleha , Omar Ahmad Fairuz 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Gafchromic external beam therapy 3 (EBT3) film has widely been used in medical field applications. Principally, the EBT3 film’s color gradually changes from light green to darker color under incremental exposures by ionizing or even non-ionizing ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Peak absorbance of the EBT3 film can be used to predict absorbed doses by the film. However, until today, related researches still rely on spectrometers for color analysis of EBT3 films. Hence, this paper presents a comparative analysis between results produced by the spectrometer and a much simpler light-emitting diode-photodiode based system in profiling the color changes of EBT3 films after exposure by solar UV radiation. This work has been conducted on a set of 50 EBT3 samples with incremental solar UV exposure (doses). The wavelength in the red region has the best sensitivity in profiling the color changes of EBT3 films for low solar UV exposure measurement. This study foresees the ability of blue wavelength to profile films with a large range of solar UV exposure. The LED (light emitting diode)-based optical system has produced comparable measurement accuracies to the spectrometer and thus, with a potential for replacing the need for a multipurpose spectroscopy system for simple measurement of light attenuation.
Three New Compounds from the Actinomycete Actinocorallia aurantiaca
Authors: Han Kai-Yue , Wu Xing , Jiang Chenglin , Huang Rong , Li Zheng-Hui , Feng Tao , Chen He-Ping , Liu Ji-Kai 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Aurantiadioic acids A (1) and B (2), two new furan-containing polyketides, and aurantoic acid A (3), a new natural product, were isolated from the liquid fermentation of the sika deer dung-derived actinomycete Actinocorallia aurantiaca. The structures of the new compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D & 2D NMR, HRESIMS spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of 3 was assigned by comparison of the specific optical rotations with the reported derivatives. Biological activity evaluations suggested that compounds 1–3 showed weak inhibition on NO production in the murine monocytic RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 values of 35.8, 41.8, 45.2 μM, respectively. Compound 3 showed weak inhibition on influenza A virus (A/PuertoRico/8/1934, H1N1) with an EC50 value of 35.9 μM, and a selective index higher than 13.3.
On new common fixed points of multivalued $$(\varUpsilon ,\varLambda )$$-contractions in complete b-metric spaces and related application
Authors: Ameer Eskandar , Arshad Muhammad , Hussain Nawab 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim ofthis paper is to introduce the concept of generalized multivalued$$\left( \varUpsilon ,\varLambda \right) $$Υ,Λ-contractions and generalized multivalued$$\left( \varUpsilon ,\varLambda \right) $$Υ,Λ-Suzuki contractions and introduce some new common fixed point results for such maps in completeb-metric spaces. Our results are an improvement of the Liu et al. fixed point theorem and several comparable results in the existing literature. We set up an example to elucidate our main result. Moreover, we also discuss an application to existence of solution for system of functional equations.
Gambling and Social Cognition: a Systematic Review
Authors: Hurel Elodie , Challet-Bouju Gaëlle , Bukowski Nicolas , Eyzop Emeline , Grall-Bronnec Marie 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose of Review
The aim of this article was to review current research regarding social cognition (SC) in gambling disorder (GD), to (i) compile and synthetize the current state of existing literature on this topic, and (ii) propose cognitive remediation therapy approaches focused on SC for clinicians.

Recent Findings
It is well known that disordered gamblers show impairment regarding non-social cognitive functions such as inhibition, attention, and decision-making. Furthermore, patients with substance use disorders also present certain deficits regarding social information processing which are difficult to differentiate from the intrinsic toxic effects linked to drugs or alcohol consumption.

Summary
To date, relatively little research has been undertaken to explore SC in gambling disorder (GD) with neuropsychological tasks. Preliminary results suggest impaired non-verbal emotion processing, but only one study has directly measured SC in GD. As a consequence, future research on this framework should propose diverse measures of SC, while controlling for other factors such as personality traits and subtypes of disordered gamblers.
The Cognitive Neuropsychology of Depression in Adolescents
Authors: Oliver Abigail , Pile Victoria , Elm Deborah , Lau Jennifer Y. F. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Adolescent depression is a major public health concern associated with severe outcomes. A lack of efficacious interventions has triggered an increase in cognitive neuropsychology research to identify relevant treatment targets for new interventions. This review summarises key neurocognitive findings in adolescent depression and explores the potential of neurocognitive markers as treatment targets in new interventions.

Recent Findings
Studies support difficulties in the voluntary deployment of attention towards and away from emotional stimuli, negative interpretation biases and overgeneralised autobiographical memories in adolescent depression; however, little evidence is given to a general decline in executive function. There is consistent evidence for abnormalities in several distributed neural networks in adolescent depression, including dysfunction in and between the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum.

Summary
The relationships between different cognitive biases and abnormalities in specific neural networks remain unclear. Several new experimental interventions targeting these neurocognitive markers await evaluation.
Videodialysis: a pilot experience of telecare for assisted peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Viglino Giusto , Neri Loris , Barbieri Sara , Tortone Catia 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
We report our experience with Videodialysis (VD), a new telemedicine system created in our Center to overcome physical, cognitive and psychological barriers to PD.

Methods
We analyzed the technical and clinical care results of VD in the period from 01/01/2009 to 12/31/2018.

Results
The VD components are: a Remote Station at the patient’s home (video camera, monitor, microphone, technological connectivity box), and a Control Station in the Center (PC with high resolution monitor, webcam, speakerphone) with software that manages 6 audio-video connections simultaneously as well as the Remote Station video cameras. In 2015 a second model of VD was designed to further improve ease of transport, installation, user interface, software functionality and connectivity. VD proved to be highly reliable during 21,000 connections, and easy to use by patients/caregivers without technological skills. During the observational period, 107 patients started PD; of these 77 had barriers to PD: in 15 we overcame the barriers by VD-Assisted PD and in 62 we used other modalities of Assisted PD. During a follow-up of 285 months on VD-Assisted, 5 patients died, 3 were transferred to HD (UFF; leakage; onset of barriers insurmountable with VD), 3 to traditional Assisted PD and 4 remained on VD-Assisted PD. Peritonitis incidence in VD-Assisted PD was 1/84.2 pt/mths, not significantly different to that of the patients not using VD. Sense of confidence was the aspect most highly-appreciated by VD-Assisted PD patients.

Conclusions
VD-Assisted PD is a reliable, safe system which requires no technological know-how and it is easy to use when self-care is not possible due to physical, cognitive or psychological barriers.
Prevalence of hospital antibiotic use in Argentina, 2018
Authors: Peralta Norma , Camou Belén Ibarra , Leszczuk Karina , Arcidiácono Diego , Lerena Roberto Giordano , Herrera Paula , Cornistein Wanda , Riera Fernando , Cosgrove Sara E. , Fabre Valeria 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHospital antibiotic use in Argentina has not been described. We present results of point prevalence surveys on antibiotic use conducted in 109 Argentinian hospitals in November 2018 and submitted to the National Program of Epidemiology and Control of Hospital-Acquired Infections, and we discuss potential areas for improvement.
Influences of Diffuser Vanes Parameters and Impeller Micro Grooves Depth on the Vertically Suspended Centrifugal Pump Performance
Authors: Khoeini D. , Shirani E. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTEffects of geometric parameters of diffuser vanes as well as impeller micro grooves depth on the performance of a vertically suspended centrifugal pump have been studied. Different diffuser vanes height,leading angles, trailing angles, wrapping angles and furthermore, impeller micro grooves depths have been analyzed thoroughly. Numerical results have been verified by comparing experimental data. Results, without considering cavitation, reveal that diffuser vanes height has the profound impact on the vertically suspended centrifugal pump performance followed by vanes wrapping angle. Additionally, it is observed that delivered head and efficiency of micro-grooved impellers reduce more by flow rate enhancing rather than that of the original impeller.