bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Agro‐Environmental Phosphorus Model for Potato in the Canadian Maritime Provinces
Authors: Benjannet Rim , Nyiraneza Judith , Khiari Lotfi , Fuller Keith , Bizimungu Benoît , Savoie Daniel , Jiang Yefang , Rodd Vernon , Mills Aaron 
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas
Data from 42 field trials were used to develop an agro‐environmental P model for potato based on soil P saturation index.
A critical agronomic PSI (P/Al)M3 of 10% was identified, which corresponded to 85% of relative yield.
Seven agro‐environmental P risk classes were identified with rates ranging from 21 to 105 kg P ha−1.
Phosphorus is essential for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), an economically important crop for the Canadian Maritime provinces. Nutrient loss, including P, into waterways and estuaries has contributed to reduced water quality such as algae blooms. The objective of this study was to develop an agro‐environmental model for potato based on the phosphorus saturation indicator (PSI) expressed as the ratio between Mehlich‐III extractable P and Al (P/Al)M3. A total of 42 field trials (6 conducted from 2000 to 2002 and 36 from 2013 to 2015) were conducted in Prince Edward Island (PEI), New Brunswick (NB), and Nova Scotia (NS) with six increasing P rates. A critical agronomic PSI of 10% was identified, which corresponded to 85% of relative yield. The P recommendation model was subdivided into seven P fertility and environmental risk classes with P rates ranging from 21 to 105 kg P ha−1, i.e., on average from one to five times the level of P removal by the potato crop, corresponding to the highest ([P/Al]M3 ≥ 14) and lowest ([P/Al]M3 ≤ 2.5) PSI levels, respectively. Only one site was in the very low fertility class. Additional trials are needed within this class to build a more robust and representative model. This is the first agro‐environmental P model for sustainable potato production that reduces the risk of P loss to watercourses in the region. The new P rates were developed at plot scale and need to be validated at larger scale.
Particle Leaching Rates from a Loamy Soil Are Controlled by the Mineral Fines Content and the Degree of Preferential Flow
Authors: Norgaard Trine , Paradelo Marcos , Moldrup Per , Katuwal Sheela , de Jonge Lis W. 
Published: September 2018

The mobilization and transport of colloid particles in soils can have negative agronomic and environmental effects. This work investigates the controls of particle release and transport from undisturbed soil columns sampled from an agricultural, loamy field with clay and silt contents of 0.05 to 0.14 and 0.07 to 0.16 kg kg−1, respectively. Forty‐five soil columns (20 × 20 cm) were collected from the field and exposed to a constant irrigation of 10 mm h−1 for 8 h. The accumulated mass of particles in the outflow from each column was highly correlated (r = 0.88) with the volumetric mass of fines (MFvol). The MFvol is defined as the sum of clay and fine silt (<20 μm) multiplied by the soil bulk density and divided by the particle density of the mineral fines. Thereby, MFvol represents both the particle source available for mobilization and leaching and an indicator of soil structure. The particle release process showed two linear particle release rates. Although the two particle release rates were distinctly different, both were strongly correlated with MFvol. The difference between the two rates was related to the degree of preferential flow characterized by the 5% arrival time of an applied tracer pulse. Soil columns with a longer 5% arrival time (less preferential flow) showed a distinct difference between the two rates, whereas soil columns with a short 5% arrival time and fast water transport showed resemblance between the two particle release rates. Thus, the combined effects of particle source, type, and pathways (via soil structure and compaction) need consideration to understand and predict particle transport dynamics through intact topsoil.Core Ideas
Particle leaching from intact soil columns depends on both texture and structure.
Volumetric content of mineral fines well predicts particle mobilization and transport.
During preferential flow conditions, the particle leaching rate is relatively constant.
Varying particle mobilization rates occur mainly during matrix‐dominated flow.
Surface and Subsurface Phosphorus Discharge from a Clay Soil in a Nine‐Year Study Comparing No‐Till and Plowing
Authors: Uusitalo Risto , Lemola Riitta , Turtola Eila 
Published: September 2018

No‐till as a water protection measure is highly efficient in controlling erosion and particulate P (PP) loss but tends to increase dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentrations in runoff water. In a 9‐yr field study on a clay soil in Southwest Finland, the effects of no‐till and autumn plowing on surface runoff and subsurface drainage water quality were compared. The site had a 2% slope and was under spring cereal cropping, with approximately replacement fertilizer P rates. Vertical stratification of soil‐test P that had developed during a preceding 6‐yr grass ley was undone by plowing but continued to develop under no‐till. During the 9‐yr study period, no‐till soil had 27% lower cumulative total P losses than plowed soil (10.0 vs. 13.7 kg total P ha−1). Concentrations and losses of PP were clearly lower under no‐till than under plowing (5.6 vs. 12.3 kg PP ha−1), but DRP loss showed the opposite trend (4.3 vs. 1.4 kg DRP ha−1). There was an increasing trend in subsurface drainflow DRP concentration under no‐till, possibly because of development of a conductive pore structure from soil surface to drain depth. The potential benefit of no‐till in water protection depends on how much of the PP transported to water is transformed into a bioavailable form and used by aquatic organisms. The beneficial effect of no‐till in controlling P‐induced eutrophication at the study site would only be realized if the bioavailable share of PP exceeds 43%. Otherwise, no‐till would not be an efficient eutrophication control measure at this site.Core IdeasNo‐till decreased total P losses by 27% compared with autumn plowing.No‐till produced 4.5‐fold higher DRP loss and 54% lower PP loss than plowing.When changes in DRP and PP are opposite, TP changes should be interpreted with caution.In this case, the effect on eutrophication largely depends on PP bioavailability.At the study site, increased DRP load is compensated if PP bioavailability is >43%.
Therapeutic tactics with violations of the menstrual cycle caused by ovulative dysfunction
Authors: Dikke G. B. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose: presentation of modern data on the pathogenesis of menstrual cycle disorders (NMCs) associated with ovulatory dysfunction, and the effectiveness of their treatment with medication.Basic provisions. It is shown that NMC is the result of violations of the cyclic production of gonadotropic and sex hormones. Among the hormonal drugs for the treatment of NMCs, combined estrogen-progestational oral contraceptives (COCs), especially those with drospirenone (DRSP), are advantageous. The introduction of calcium levomefolate - biologically active form of folatein the composition of COCs containing 30 μg of ethinylestradiol and DRSP has a potentiating effect associated with their noncontraceptive effects due to antiandrogenic and antimineralocorticoid activity. It was shown that calcium levomefolate, which participates in human body metabolism, as a component of COC, has a protective effect on the cardiovascular system (due to a decrease in the level of homocysteinemia) in the syndrome of polycystic ovaries, contributes to reducing obesity.Conclusion. The combination of 30EE/DRSP promotes the normalization of the menstrual cycle and has non-contraceptive effects associated with antiandrogenic and antimineralcorticoid action, and fortification with calcium levomefolate also has a positive effect on the hormonal profile and lipid metabolism, has a protective effect on cardiovascular diseases in women with the metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovaries, contributes to the normalization of weight.
The experience of using acetylsalicylic acid in a comorbid patient with cad and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gorokhovskaya G. N. , Yun V. L. , Vasyuk Yu. A. , Maichuk E. Yu. , Martynov A. I. 
Published: September 2018

The CVD death rates remain high now. The concurrent course of coronary artery disease (CAD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) has an unfavourable prognosis, requires specific therapy and the use of measures to prevent severe complications. DM sometimes hinders the timely diagnosis of CAD, which in this case is characterized by an atypical course and has no florid symptoms. This often causes serious pathological complications or death. The atherothrombosis forms the basis of pathogenesis of severe conditions. Atherothrombosis is not only a generalized, but also a constantly progressive disease, for which reason it is necessary to carry out both primary and secondary prevention. According to the existing guidelines of European Society of Cardiology and Society of Cardiology of Russian Federation, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is recommended at small doses as the first-line drug for the prevention of vascular events in patients with CAD. This article discusses the experience of using ASA according to the conducted studies and in practical medicine by the clinical example of a female patient.
Proton Pump Inhibitors, Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists, and Hip Fracture Risk among Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Vangala Chandan , Niu Jingbo , Lenihan Colin R. , Mitch William E. , Navaneethan Sankar D. , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. 
Published: September 2018

Background and objectives
An association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and hip fracture risk has been described in the general population, where the primary causative hypothesis focuses on impaired gastrointestinal calcium absorption. The impact of acid suppressor use on hip fracture risk in a high-risk subset, patients with ESKD requiring hemodialysis, is unknown and could help further distinguish the reason for higher susceptibility among PPI users.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Using the US Renal Data System, we identified all hip fracture events recorded between 2009 and 2014 among patients dependent on hemodialysis. Eligible cases were matched on index date with ten controls. We identified PPI and histamine-2 receptor antagonist use from Medicare Part D claims covering 3 years before the index date and stratified according to proportion of days covered by filled prescriptions. Using logistic regression with multiple imputation for missing data, we estimated unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results
We studied 4551 cases and 45,510 controls. Patients were older, more likely to be female and white, and had shorter dialysis vintage; fewer were obese. A larger proportion of patients had any prior PPI (70% versus 63%) or histamine-2 receptor antagonist (25% versus 23%) use. Use of PPI was associated with higher risk of hip fracture (adjusted OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.28). This association remained within subgroups of low, moderate, and high PPI use, yielding adjusted ORs of 1.16 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.27), 1.21 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.31), and 1.19 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.31), respectively.

Conclusions
Among patients with ESKD on hemodialysis, PPIs and not histamine-2 receptor antagonists were associated with hip fracture events.
Kisspeptina en becerras prepúberes: 2. Respuesta de LH, FSH y GH a distintas dosis de kisspeptina-10 y su asociación con IGF-I y leptina circulantes
Authors: Villa Godoy Alejandro , Santos Echeverría Rubén , Rosete Fernández Jorge Víctor , Calderón Robles René Carlos , Perera Marín Gerardo , Arreguín Arevalo Jesús Alejandro , M. Nett Terry 
Published: September 2018

En becerras prepúberes, la kisspeptina-10 (KISS-10) estimula la liberación de hormona luteinizante (LH) y hormona foliculoestimulante (FSH), pero su acción en la hormona del crecimiento (GH) es inconsistente. La hipótesis fue que en becerras prepúberes la magnitud de liberación de LH, FSH y GH en respuesta a KISS-10 es determinada por la dosis y las concentraciones endógenas de IGF-I y leptina. Se usaron 20 becerras prepúberes (100-232 kg de peso y 7-11 meses de edad), mismas que recibieron un bolo i.v. de 5 o 50 µg de KISS-10/kg de peso. Ambas dosis de KISS-10 indujeron un incremento de LH y FSH, más no de GH. La dosis de 50 µg de KISS-10 indujo un área bajo la curva de LH y una duración del incremento de FSH mayores (P<0.05) que la dosis de 5 µg. IGF-I se relacionó negativamente con el aumento de LH en respuesta a la dosis de 50 µg (P<0.05), pero no estuvo asociado con la respuesta de LH a la dosis de 5 µg de KISS-10. La magnitud del incremento de FSH y las concentraciones de GH posteriores a KISS-10 no fueron alteradas por las concentraciones de IGF-I (P>0.05). De la misma forma, las concentraciones de leptina no determinaron (P>0.05) la magnitud del incremento de LH y FSH ni las concentraciones de GH pos tratamiento. En conclusión, la GH no respondió a ninguna dosis, pero la FSH y la LH fueron sensibles al aumento de dosis de KISS-10. Además, la magnitud de respuesta de LH a KISS-10 fue determinada por las concentraciones endógenas de IGF-I, pero no de leptina.
Regularities of the Formation of the City Pedestrian Environment
Authors: Ter-Voskanyan Olga S. 
Published: September 2018

The article critically examines the design and construction of pedestrian areas, considering the specifics of transport services in the largest cities of Russia, cultural heritage and scale of modern mobility of the population. It also emphasizes the need to solve the problem of formation of pedestrian streets, adjusting the relevance of the proposed small urban design, without forgetting the main purpose of the street - to ensure the movement of pedestrians. At the same time, it is asserted that the content of the street is a showcase of the actual functional purpose of objects that are placed in a certain place, often with along history, and not a contrived decoration, often out of place borrowed from foreign practice.
In order to identify public opinion about thelatest trends in the organization of pedestrian traffic, a preliminary survey of residents, mainly with children or grandchildren, was conducted, and it showed the failure of the idea of carrying out yard functions on the street for our practice. At the same time, the return of the experience of the XII-XIII centuries, when vehicles were not allowed into the yards and two exits from residential buildings were created: one "front" and the other "black", overlooking the economic yard, helped to solve the modern problem of separation of space for pedestrians and transport.
The Effects of Audit Quality Disclosure on Audit Effort and Investment Efficiency
Authors: Chen Qi , Jiang Xu , Zhang Yun 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
We develop a model to evaluate the costs and benefits of disclosing information about audit quality. Specifically, we examine whether audit quality disclosure affects auditors' effort and investors' investment efficiency. In our setting, an auditor exerts unobservable effort to influence audit quality and is motivated by liability in the event of audit failure. The usefulness of audited financial reports for investors depends on both the quality of the underlying financial reporting (e.g., as embodied by GAAP) and the quality of auditors' reports (i.e., the likelihood with which audit evidence uncovers managerial misreporting). We show that audit quality disclosure increases auditors' effort incentives if and only if the underlying financial reporting quality is relatively weak. We also show that such disclosure can actually reduce investment efficiency. Our analyses contribute to the debate about policies aimed at improving audit transparency.
Do total or partial etching procedures effect the rate of white spot lesion formation? A single-center, randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Yagci Ahmet , Seker Elif Dilara , Demirsoy Kevser Kurt , Ramoglu Sabri Ilhan 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To determine whether total or partial etching procedures influence the appearance of white spot lesions (WSLs).

Materials and Methods:
This split-mouth, double-blind, controlled, randomized study included 20 patients (mean age 16.75 years), who had class I malocclusion, mild crowding, and satisfactory oral hygiene. A total of 40 maxillary quadrants were randomly allocated to be treated using a total etching (TE) or partial etching (PE) protocol. Quantitative light fluorescence images were captured at the beginning and at 3 (T1) and 6 (T2) months after beginning orthodontic treatmen, as well as when the debonding phase of orthodontic treatment was complete (T3). The presence of pre- and posttreatment WSLs was assessed with quantitative light fluorescence software and analyzed with Student's t-test.

Results:
The analyses showed that, at T2, the total etching group had significantly higher ΔQ and A scores than the partial etching group (P &lt; .05). The ΔF scores increased significantly at all timepoints in the TE group, but only at T1 and T3 in the PE group. However, no differences were noted at T3 between the TE and PE groups (P &gt; .05). The inclusion of only right-handed people may have limited the generalizability of the findings. The absence of analyses of the plaque and gingivitis scores of patients was another limitation of this study.

Conclusions:
WSL formation was observed mostly in maxillary lateral incisor teeth irrespective of the etching technique. Although PE seems to be more successful in the first 6 months, no difference was observed between PE and TE in the long term for WSL formation.
Genetic Tools for Coronary Risk Assessment in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cohort Study From the ACCORD Clinical Trial
Authors: Morieri Mario Luca , Gao He , Pigeyre Marie , Shah Hetal S. , Sjaarda Jennifer , Mendonca Christine , Hastings Timothy , Buranasupkajorn Patinut , Motsinger-Reif Alison A. , Rotroff Daniel M. , Sigal Ronald J. , Marcovina Santica M. , Kraft Peter , Buse John B. , Wagner Michael J. , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Mychaleckyj Josyf C. , Parè Guillaume , Doria Alessandro 
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVE
We evaluated whether the increasing number of genetic loci for coronary artery disease (CAD) identified in the general population could be used to predict the risk of major CAD events (MCE) among participants with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A weighted genetic risk score (GRS) derived from 204 variants representative of all the 160 CAD loci identified in the general population as of December 2017 was calculated in 5,360 and 1,931 white participants in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) and Outcome Reduction With Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) studies, respectively. The association between GRS and MCE (combining fatal CAD events, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and unstable angina) was assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression.

RESULTS
The GRS was associated with MCE risk in both ACCORD and ORIGIN (hazard ratio [HR] per SD 1.27, 95% CI 1.18–1.37, P = 4 × 10−10, and HR per SD 1.35, 95% CI 1.16–1.58, P = 2 × 10−4, respectively). This association was independent from interventions tested in the trials and persisted, though attenuated, after adjustment for classic cardiovascular risk predictors. Adding the GRS to clinical predictors improved incident MCE risk classification (relative integrated discrimination improvement +8%, P = 7 × 10−4). The performance of this GRS was superior to that of GRS based on the smaller number of CAD loci available in previous years.

CONCLUSIONS
When combined into a GRS, CAD loci identified in the general population are associated with CAD also in type 2 diabetes. This GRS provides a significant improvement in the ability to correctly predict future MCE, which may increase further with the discovery of new CAD loci.
Performance Evaluation of Stocks’ Valuation Models at MSE
Authors: Ivanovski Zoran , Narasanov Zoran , Ivanovska Nadica 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Subject and purpose of work: The main task of this paper is to examine the proximity of valuations generated by different valuation models to stock prices in order to investigate their reliability at Macedonian Stock Exchange (MSE) and to present alternative “scenario” methodology for discounted free cash flow to firm valuation. Materials and methods: By using publicly available data from MSE we are calculating stock prices with three stock valuation models: Discounted Free Cash Flow, Dividend Discount and Relative Valuation. Results: The evaluation of performance of three stock valuation models at the MSE identified that model of Price Multiplies (P/E and other profitability ratios) offer reliable stock values determination and lower level of price errors compared with the average stocks market prices. Conclusions: The Discounted Free Cash Flow (DCF) model provides values close to average market prices, while Dividend Discount (DDM) valuation model generally mispriced stocks at MSE. We suggest the use of DCF model combined with relative valuation models for accurate stocks’ values calculation at MSE.
Wellness Tourism and Non-Productive Function of Forests
Authors: Szymańska Elżbieta , Kalejta Joanna 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Subject and purpose of work: The research problem is wellness tourism and its connections with forest economy. The main goal is to determine the mutual connections occurring between wellness tourism and forest economy. Materials and methods: The research was carried out in three stages using various methods: a comparative analysis of 39 spas, standardised inspections of facilities offering health tourism services and the selection of a facility being a model of good practice (case study). Results: The most important forms of the small tourist infrastructure offered to patients in forest areas are hiking and bicycle paths (92%), as well as horse trails and viewing points (about 50%). Cluster initiatives and cooperation with local governments and forest districts, consisting in joint promotion, are important. A diagram was developed, showing the interactions of forest economy and wellness tourism. Conclusions: Providers of spa services and State Forests are natural partners, yet the level of cooperation is low and mainly involves promotional activities. It is advisable to create a nationwide forest and sanatorium spa organisation that would coordinate activities in the field of forest economy to take advantage of tourism and health-promoting assets of forests.