bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Chinese Grape Seed Oil by Physicochemical Properties, Fatty Acid Composition, Triacylglycrol Profiles, and Sterols and Squalene Composition
Authors: Zhao Beibei , Gong Haodi , Li Hua , Zhang Yan , Lan Tao , Chen Zhicheng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This work focused on physicochemical property assaying, fatty acid composition, triacylglycerol profiles, and sterols and squalene composition of the Chinese grape seed oil. Three different methods were used to extract oil from Chinese grape seeds, solvent extraction, cold press and hot press methods. Three oils all possess very low acid value and peroxide value, suggesting their good quality as edible oil. Fatty acid composition results indicated that the total content of unsaturated fatty acids was 89.14 %, within which the majority fatty acid was linoleic acid with content of 64.11 %. Characterization of triacylglycerol profiles was achieved by a two-dimensional HPLC coupling of nonaqueous reverse-phase and silver ion HPLC with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry method. There was a total of 30 TAGs including 23 regioisomers that have been determined. Unsaponifiable matters composition results revealed that the total sterols content and the squalene content were 278.49 mg/100 g and 17.81 mg/100 g, respectively.
The Effects of Caffeine and Citrus Aurantium on Performance During Repeated Maximal Anaerobic Exercise Bouts in Habitual Caffeine Users
Authors: McLester Cherilyn N. , Bailey Paul , Bechke Emily E. , Williamson Cassie M. , McLester John R. , Kliszczewicz Brian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
McLester, CN, Bailey, P, Bechke, EE, Williamson, CM, McLester, JR, and Kliszczewicz, B. The effects of caffeine and Citrus aurantium on performance during repeated maximal anaerobic exercise bouts in habitual caffeine users. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3394–3399, 2021—The combination of caffeine (CAF) and Citrus aurantium (CA) have demonstrated the potential to improve various types of performance. To date, few studies have explored this relationship in purely anaerobic-based exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of an acute dose of CAF + CA on peak anaerobic performance and the attenuation of power over multiple anaerobic bouts and to determine any differences in perceived effort or fatigue. Ten active men (25.1 ± 3.9 years) who habitually consumed caffeine volunteered to perform repeated anaerobic bouts on a cycle ergometer on 2 separate days, consuming either a placebo or 100 mg CAF + 100 mg CA. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05 and repeated measures analysis of variance showed no main effects for peak power p = 0.520, mean power p = 0.926, minimum power p = 0.321, total work p = 0.924, time to peak power p = 0.536, or rate of fatigue p = 0.284. There was a time effect for all variables (p ≤ 0.05) with the exception of time to peak power (p = 0.181). There were no differences in any measures of perceived effort or fatigue between conditions (p ≥ 0.05), but there were time-dependent differences observed each day (p ≤ 0.05). Overall, an acute dosage of 100 mg CAF and 100 mg CA did not elicit any differences in anaerobic performance or in perceived measures of effort and fatigue in young males who habitually consume caffeine. Therefore, caution should be used when pairing CAF and CA for the goal of improving anaerobic performance, because no clear benefit was realized in this population at this dosage.
Acute Neuromuscular and Hormonal Responses to Different Exercise Loadings Followed by a Sauna
Authors: Rissanen Joonas A. , Häkkinen Arja , Laukkanen Jari , Kraemer William J. , Häkkinen Keijo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRissanen, JA, Häkkinen, A, Laukkanen, J, Kraemer, WJ, and Häkkinen, K. Acute neuromuscular and hormonal responses to different exercise loadings followed by a sauna.J Strength Cond Res34(2): 313–322, 2020—The purpose of this study was to investigate acute responses of endurance (E + SA), strength (S + SA), and combined endurance and strength exercise (C + SA) followed by a traditional sauna bath (70° C, 18% relative humidity) on neuromuscular performance and serum hormone concentrations. Twenty-seven recreationally physically active men who were experienced with taking a sauna participated in the study. All the subjects performed a sauna bath only (SA) first as a control measurement followed by S + SA and E + SA (paired matched randomization) and C + SA. Subjects were measured PRE (before exercise), MID (immediately after exercise and before sauna), POST (after sauna), POST30min (30 minutes after sauna), and POST24h (24 hours after PRE). Maximal isometric leg press (ILPFmax) and bench press (IBPFmax) forces, maximal rate of force development (RFD) and countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ), serum testosterone (TES), cortisol (COR), and 22-kD growth hormone (GH22kD) concentrations were measured. All exercise loadings followed by a sauna decreased ILPFmax(−9 to −15%) and RFD (−20 to −26%) in POST. ILPFmax, RFD, and CMVJ remained at significantly (p≤ 0.05) lowered levels after S + SA in POST24h. IBPFmaxdecreased in POST in S + SA and C + SA and remained lowered in POST24h. SA decreased ILPFmaxand IBPFmaxin POST and POST30min and remained lowered in ILPFmax(−4.1%) at POST24h. GH22kD, TES, and COR elevated significantly in all loadings measured in the afternoon in MID. SA only led to an elevation (15%) in TES in POST. The strength exercise followed by a sauna was the most fatiguing protocol for the neuromuscular performance. Traditional sauna bathing itself seems to be strenuous loading, and it may not be recommended 24 hours before the next training session. A sauna bath after the loadings did not further change the hormonal responses recorded after the exercise loadings.
Retinal Stabilization Reveals Limited Influence of Extraretinal Signals on Heading Tuning in the Medial Superior Temporal Area
Authors: Manning Tyler S. , Britten Kenneth H. 
Published: September 2019

Heading perception in primates depends heavily on visual optic-flow cues. Yet during self-motion, heading percepts remain stable, even though smooth-pursuit eye movements often distort optic flow. According to theoretical work, self-motion can be represented accurately by compensating for these distortions in two ways: via retinal mechanisms or via extraretinal efference-copy signals, which predict the sensory consequences of movement. Psychophysical evidence strongly supports the efference-copy hypothesis, but physiological evidence remains inconclusive. Neurons that signal the true heading direction during pursuit are found in visual areas of monkey cortex, including the dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd). Here we measured heading tuning in MSTd using a novel stimulus paradigm, in which we stabilize the optic-flow stimulus on the retina during pursuit. This approach isolates the effects on neuronal heading preferences of extraretinal signals, which remain active while the retinal stimulus is prevented from changing. Our results from 3 female monkeys demonstrate a significant but small influence of extraretinal signals on the preferred heading directions of MSTd neurons. Under our stimulus conditions, which are rich in retinal cues, we find that retinal mechanisms dominate physiological corrections for pursuit eye movements, suggesting that extraretinal cues, such as predictive efference-copy mechanisms, have a limited role under naturalistic conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSensory systems discount stimulation caused by an animal's own behavior. For example, eye movements cause irrelevant retinal signals that could interfere with motion perception. The visual system compensates for such self-generated motion, but how this happens is unclear. Two theoretical possibilities are a purely visual calculation or one using an internal signal of eye movements to compensate for their effects. The latter can be isolated by experimentally stabilizing the image on a moving retina, but this approach has never been adopted to study motion physiology. Using this method, we find that extraretinal signals have little influence on activity in visual cortex, whereas visually based corrections for ongoing eye movements have stronger effects and are likely most important under real-world conditions.
Excess Light Priming in Arabidopsis thaliana Genotypes with Altered DNA Methylomes
Authors: Ganguly Diep R , Stone Bethany A B , Bowerman Andrew F , Eichten Steven R , Pogson Barry J 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Plants must continuously react to the ever-fluctuating nature of their environment. Repeated exposure to stressful conditions can lead to priming, whereby prior encounters heighten a plant’s ability to respond to future events. A clear example of priming is provided by the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), in which photosynthetic and photoprotective responses are enhanced following recurring light stress. While there are various post-translational mechanisms underpinning photoprotection, an unresolved question is the relative importance of transcriptional changes toward stress priming and, consequently, the potential contribution from DNA methylation – a heritable chemical modification of DNA capable of influencing gene expression. Here, we systematically investigate the potential molecular underpinnings of physiological priming against recurring excess-light (EL), specifically DNA methylation and transcriptional regulation: the latter having not been examined with respect to EL priming. The capacity for physiological priming of photosynthetic and photoprotective parameters following a recurring EL treatment was not impaired in Arabidopsis mutants with perturbed establishment, maintenance, or removal of DNA methylation. Importantly, no differences in development or basal photoprotective capacity were identified in the mutants that may confound the above result. Little evidence for a causal transcriptional component of physiological priming was identified; in fact, most alterations in primed plants presented as a transcriptional ‘dampening’ in response to an additional EL exposure, likely a consequence of physiological priming. However, a set of transcripts uniquely regulated in primed plants provide preliminary evidence for a novel transcriptional component of recurring EL priming, independent of physiological changes. Thus, we propose that physiological priming of recurring EL in Arabidopsis occurs independently of DNA methylation; and that the majority of the associated transcriptional alterations are a consequence, not cause, of this physiological priming.
Modulating Mistranslation Potential of tRNASer inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Berg Matthew D , Zhu Yanrui , Genereaux Julie , Ruiz Bianca Y , Rodriguez-Mias Ricard A , Allan Tyler , Bahcheli Alexander , Villén Judit , Brandl Christopher J 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMistranslation, incorporating an amino acid not specified by the “standard” genetic code, has applications in research and synthetic biology. Since mistranslation is toxic, its level must be modulated. Using a serine tRNA with a proline anticodon, we identify...Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) read the genetic code, translating nucleic acid sequence into protein. For tRNASer the anticodon does not specify its aminoacylation. For this reason, mutations in the tRNASer anticodon can result in amino acid substitutions, a process called mistranslation. Previously, we found that tRNASer with a proline anticodon was lethal to cells. However, by incorporating secondary mutations into the tRNA, mistranslation was dampened to a nonlethal level. The goal of this work was to identify second-site substitutions in tRNASer that modulate mistranslation to different levels. Targeted changes to putative identity elements led to total loss of tRNA function or significantly impaired cell growth. However, through genetic selection, we identified 22 substitutions that allow nontoxic mistranslation. These secondary mutations are primarily in single-stranded regions or substitute G:U base pairs for Watson–Crick pairs. Many of the variants are more toxic at low temperature and upon impairing the rapid tRNA decay pathway. We suggest that the majority of the secondary mutations affect the stability of the tRNA in cells. The temperature sensitivity of the tRNAs allows conditional mistranslation. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that tRNASer variants mistranslate to different extents with diminished growth correlating with increased mistranslation. When combined with a secondary mutation, other anticodon substitutions allow serine mistranslation at additional nonserine codons. These mistranslating tRNAs have applications in synthetic biology, by creating “statistical proteins,” which may display a wider range of activities or substrate specificities than the homogenous form.
Influence of Sedation with Dexmedetomidine on Oxidative Distress During Delirium Developed Following Severe Polytrauma
Authors: Bershadsky F. F. , Grebenchikov O. A. , Yershov A. V. , Likhvantsev V. V. , Magomedov M. A. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose is to evaluate the influence of intravenous sedation with dexmedetomidine and propofol on the intensity of oxidative distress, delirium severity and duration in severe polytrauma patients.Material and methods. 100 victims (18 to 50 years of age, trauma of two regions and more, ISS score at admission equal to 16–50) were included in the study. Depending on sedation method, the patients were split into group I (n=51) and group II (n=49), in the combined therapy of whom propofol and dexmedetomidine were used, respectively. In addition to standard examinations, the blood plasma carbonylated peptides were assayed in all patients.Results. It has been established that the assay content of carbonylated peptides in blood might reflect polytrauma severity. A link between the oxidative distress intensity and delirium duration (r=0.34; P<0.05) and severity (r=0.38, P<0.05) in severe polytrauma patients has been demonstrated, which might support the role of oxidative distress in delirium development. Influence of the sedation drugs dexmedetomidine or propofol on oxidative distress intensity was not evident in all stages of the study.Conclusion. Significant oxidative distress promotes longer and more severe course of delirium in severe polytrauma patients. The content of carbonylated proteins over 0.78 nmol/mg predicts the development of cognitive dysfunction one month after severe polytrauma with 62% sensitivity and 67% specificity. In spite of clinical efficacy, neither dexmedetomidine nor propofol reliably reduce oxidative distress in severe polytrauma patients.
Mithra Saecvlaris
Authors: Turcan Robert 
Published: September 2019

Summary
Even though the Mithraic epiclesis SAECULARIS has been explained with a link to the Ludi SAECULARES of 248, we prefer to elucidate it with the relief that we can observe between the two altars consecrated to MYTRAE SAECULARI, in Housesteads, in the civil parish of Bardon Mill in Northumberland, England, south of Broomlee.
Close to Hadrian's vallum, we can actually see a representation of Mithras, identified with Phanes, emerging from the cosmogonic egg with a zodiacal belt around him, lighting up the world. Concerning Jupiter (IOVI SEQULARI), moreover, on an Antoninianus of Claudius II “the Gothic”, this epiclesis expresses his responsibility for the kosmos in its cyclic eternity. Like Jupiter, Mithras is a sovereign of the universe.
A Place with Shared Meanings: Mithras, Sabazius, and Christianity in the “Tomb of Vibia”
Authors: Simón Francisco Marco 
Published: September 2019

Summary
Recent research has increasingly questioned the “grand dichotomy” between “Paganism” and Christianity and brings into light the prominence of spaces with shared meanings in diverse cults related to mystic beliefs and practices. An excellent example is Vibia's tomb within Praetextatus' catacomb, on the Via Appia. Dated to the 4th century AD, this place combines epigraphy and a fascinating iconography pointing to a mystic initiation of the deceased within a syncretic context.
Mithraea in Poetovio and the New Discovery
Authors: Gojkovič Mojca Vomer 
Published: September 2019

Summary
In the 2nd and 3rd centuries, Poetovio (modern town of Ptuj in north-eastern Slovenia) was a melting pot of various cultures due to the arrival of various peoples. Mithraea are undoubtedly the most recognisable monuments of Poetovio. As many as five or perhaps even seven Mithraea were discovered in Ptuj and its immediate surroundings: two of them (Breg na Ptuju, Hajdina) are preserved in situ, on the site where they were discovered. During the construction of the local sewage system in 2011, some findings that can be attributed to the Mithras cult were unearthed in the vicinity of the first Mithraeum in Spodnja Hajdina.
To Carry the Universe in One's Own Pocket: A Miniature Mithraic Relief from the Archaeological Museum in Split
Authors: Silnović Nirvana 
Published: September 2019

Summary
A miniature relief representing the scene of tauroctony, i.e. Mithras killing the bull, is on display in the Archaeological Museum in Split. Despite its visibility, the relief has so far remained unpublished. It is therefore the aim of this article to provide the detailed description of the object, and to contextualize it within the broader framework of “small and miniature reproductions of the Mithraic icon”. Based on this, the original provenance and dating of the miniature relief are proposed. Furthermore, the relief is taken as a fine example of interconnectedness of social, material, and religious mobility in “globalizing Roman world”. The final part of the article discusses the psychological effectiveness of miniature Mithraic reliefs, suggesting their possible role as memory aids.
The Two Parts of the “Mithraic Universe” by Right of the External and Internal Orientation of the Cult Image
Authors: Szabó Ádám 
Published: September 2019

Summary
The external orientation of the Mithraic sanctuaries shows a great variety and heterogeneity. The internal orientation of the sanctuaries suggested by the cult image, however, shows a great homogenity and uniformity. The internal structure is organised on the possible axial line drawn from the entrance to the cult image, and continues beyond that. We can establish that the interior of a mithraeum is oriented along the ‘North-South – East-West’ frame of reference by the cult image.
The representation of the “Cosmos” in the sanctuary portrays only the visible, sensorial world. The known and organised “Cosmos” is the sanctuary itself, the ‘northern part’ of the Mithraic ‘Universe’ with its own inner coordinates.
The ‘Anti-Cosmos’, the Underworld, had been abolished from the ‘Mithraic Universe’, completely unmentioned by literary sources. After the vertical North-South and horizontal East-West orientation we can consider, that the cult image also as a partition, divides the ‘Mithraic Universe’ up into ‘northern’ and ‘southern’ parts. The ‘northern part’, as it is displayed, the ordered part of the ‘Universe’, or the “Cosmos” itself is represented by the shrine. Its opposite, the ‘southern part’, the disordered part of the ‘Universe’, or ‘Anti-Cosmos’ is absent on the cult image.
The Tauroctony prevents the specifically represented Underworld and its principles to manifest, creating the opportunity for the initiates to continue their eternal life in the living and organized part of the ‘Universe’, in the “Cosmos”.
The ‘City of Darkness’ and ‘The Twin Riders’ in the Mithraeum of Hawarte (Syria)
Authors: Gnoli Tommaso 
Published: September 2019

Summary
Three pictorial scenes represented on the walls of the newly discovered Mithraeum in Hawarte (Syria) are deeply rooted in the Middle-Iranian religious world. The pictures of the ‘City of Darkness’, and of ‘The Twin Riders’, as well as that of ‘The Lion and the Demons’, can only be explained by their evident Iranic background. Some of these iconographies are not limited to the Syrian area but are spread all around the Roman world, until London and Vienne-sur-Rhône. Moreover, a possible connection with a heterodox doctrine concerning the post-mortem vehiculated by the Pseudo-Macarius is proposed in this contribution.
Mithras Demiourgos
Authors: Romagnoli Diego 
Published: September 2019

Summary
Roman Mithraism has been subject to philosophical interpretations and influences over the years. In this paper, I will present the important case of Mithras as a Demiurge by following the Platonic doctrine of the three Gods and its evolution, and after Plato, in three further phases.
A. Plato in the Timaeus and in the dialogue The Sophist (both written in 360 BC) debated three fundamental divine figures: the Being, who accounts for the early Idea and the source of all the other ideas, as well as the early cause of the world; the Demiurge, who was born from the Being and accounts for the acting Power creating the perceivable world; the Anima Mundi (the Soul of the World or the World Soul), who was born from the other two Gods and is the “mother” shaping all of beings.
B. Later, Middle Platonism (lasted from the 1st century BC to the 2nd century AD and on which the Chaldean Oracles were based) identified the Being as the First God and the source of every indistinct idea; the Demiurge as the Second God featuring the early Idea in order to create the world; and the Anima Mundi as the unifying principle from which all of organisms are shaped.
C. Finally, in Neoplatonism (lasted from the 3rd century to the 6th century AD and on which the Porphyry's De Antro Nympharum is based) this doctrine was fitted together with Mithraism: Mithras was the Demiurge and the Goddess Hecate was identified with the Anima Mundi.
This paper contributes to the current state of knowledge on this topic with a full detailed analysis of the connected different phases of Platonism in order to reach the identification of Mithras as the Demiurge.
Mithras, Sol Invictus, and the Astral Philosophical Connections
Authors: Ionescu Dan-Tudor 
Published: September 2019

Summary
The main concepts used in this article are the dichotomy and differences between the two main groups of theories regarding the origins of the Roman mystery cult of Mithras: namely the school of the great Belgian scholar Franz Cumont, who considered Mithraism in the Roman world as an essentially Iranian cult adapted to the new cultural Hellenistic-Roman context and the theory of the 19th century German scholar K. B. Stark, respectively (revived in the seventies of the 20th century by academics like R. Beck, J. R. Hinnells, St. Insler, R. Gordon, and A. Bausani), who considered that the Roman cult of the solar god Mithras was a new mystery cult, which was born in the Roman world because of the Hellenistic scientific discovery of the precession of the equinoxes. My conclusion is that the Roman cult of Mithras, fused with the cult of Sol Invictus (the Hellenistic-Roman cult of the Unvanquished Sun), has more things Iranian than the name of the central deity of this initiation-mystery cult (despite its undeniable Hellenistic-Roman and astrological-astronomical elements).