bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vein Size and Disease Severity in Chronic Venous Diseases
Authors: Radhakrishnan N. , George Deepu , Jayakrishnan R. , Sumi S. , Kartha C.C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGiven the high prevalence of chronic venous diseases (CVD), defining criteria to screen patients who are in need for intervention is attaining primacy. An important clinical criterion for treating CVD is incompetence of larger veins. We have assessed the association of size of afflicted veins with disease severity in patients with CVD to define an acceptable criterion to identify patients who need intervention. Demographic characteristics and risk factors were recorded from 6350 patients. Based on physical examination and venous duplex ultrasound study, patients were classified into clinical severity, etiology, anatomy, and pathophysiology (CEAP) classes and grouped according to the size of the veins which had varicosities. Patients with reflux in smaller veins (vein size <4 mm diameter) were considered as type I and those with varicosities in truncal veins (>4 mm diameter) as type II. Risk ratio was determined by multivariate regression analysis. About 47.67% of patients in this study were found to have CEAP class 3 disease. Compared with varicose veins of large truncal veins, patients with varicosities in smaller superficial veins had 2.85-fold (p < 0.01) more risk of edema and 5.71-fold (p < 0.01) higher prevalence of hyperpigmentation. Varicosities in small superficial veins were associated with higher risk of ulceration (odds ratio 3.93, 95% confidence interval 2.51–6.18) compared with truncal vein reflux. Our study reveals that presence of small varicose veins in patients without truncal saphenous reflux involvement is associated with severe manifestations of venous insufficiency such as edema and skin lesions even in the absence of varicosities in truncal saphenous veins.
Gastroduodenal Stent-Related Complications and Management
Authors: Kim Kyung 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPlacement of a gastroduodenal self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) is a safe and well-established procedure for the palliative care of malignant gastric outlet obstruction. There have been reported complications related to the SEMS procedure such as stent occlusion, migration of the stent, biliary obstruction, bleeding, and bowel perforation. Early detection and proper management of the complications are crucial to maintain the quality of life and prolong the life expectancy of the patients. In this article, we will discuss the diagnosis and treatment of SEMS-related complications.
Was machst du denn da den ganzen Tag?
Authors: Deckelmann Beate , Kocks Andreas 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Arbeitsalltag einer Schulkrankenschwester Das gebrochene Bein während des Sportunterrichts, der angeborene Herzfehler oder die Allergie bis hin zur Frage
der gesundheitsfördernden Mensa – die Erkenntnis, dass Themen der Gesundheit und Krankheit vor den Schultüren nicht Halt machen, setzt sich auch in Deutschland
zunehmend durch. International arbeiten in diesem Bereich an Schulen sogenannte School Nurses – Schulgesundheitspflegende. Die Chancen und Herausforderungen
sind groß, wie Beate Deckelmann, Schulgesundheitspflegerin an der BBIS, einer internationalen Schule in Brandenburg, aus ihrem Arbeitsalltag zu berichten
weiß.
Eine Reform, die es in sich hat
Authors: Franken Thomas 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Was ist neu? Bei groß angekündigten Gesetzesreformen ist oftmals Skepsis angebracht. Nur allzu oft wird die Wirkung eines wohlgemeinten Vorhabens im
politischen Kompromisspoker so sehr aufgeweicht, dass nur noch bestenfalls ein Reförmchen übrig bleibt. Mit den sogenannten Pflegestärkungsgesetzen 2 und 3
verhält es sich hingegen grundlegend anders. Sie sind aus Sicht unseres Autors Thomas Franken der Einstieg in einen wirklichen Reformprozess und erschöpfen sich
eben nicht in lediglich partiellen Änderungen und den marginalen Drehungen an einzelnen Stellschrauben.
Pervasive contingency and entrenchment in a billion years of Hsp90 evolution
Authors: Starr Tyler N. , Flynn Julia M. , Mishra Parul , Bolon Daniel N. A. , Thornton Joseph W. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
When mutations within a protein change each other’s functional effects—a phenomenon called epistasis—the paths available to evolution at any moment in time depend on the specific set of changes that previously occurred in the protein. The extent to which epistasis has shaped historical evolutionary trajectories is unknown. Using a high-precision bulk fitness assay and ancestral protein reconstruction, we measured the fitness effects in ancestral and extant sequences of all historical substitutions that occurred during the billion-year trajectory of an essential protein. We found that most historical substitutions were contingent on prior epistatic substitutions and/or entrenched by subsequent changes. These results establish that epistasis caused widespread, consequential shifts in the site-specific fitness constraints that shaped the protein’s historical trajectory.
Identification of EGFR in pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii) and correlation analysis of its expression and growth traits
Authors: Wang Qingheng , Hao Ruijuan , Zhao Xiaoxia , Huang Ronglian , Zheng Zhe , Deng Yuewen , Chen Weiyao , Du Xiaodong 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Marine pearl production is directly influenced by the growth speed of Pinctada fucata martensii. However, the slow growth rate of this organism remains the main challenge in aquaculture production. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), an important receptor of tyrosine kinases in animals, plays versatile functions in development, growth and tissue regeneration. In this study, we described the characteristic and function of an EGFR gene identified from P. f. martensii (PmEGFR). PmEGFR possesses a typical EGFR structure and is expressed in all studied tissues, with the highest expression level in adductor muscle. PmEGFR expression level is significantly higher in the fast-growing group than that in the slow-growing one. Correlation analysis represents that shell height and shell weight show positive correlation with PmEGFR expression (p &lt; 0.05), and total weight and tissue weight exhibit positive correlation with it (p &lt; 0.01). This study indicates that PmEGFR is a valuable functional gene associated with growth traits.
Unique GH18 chitinase fromEuglena gracilis: full-length cDNA cloning and characterization of its catalytic domain
Authors: Taira Toki , Gushiken Chika , Sugata Kobeni , Ohnuma Takayuki , Fukamizo Tamo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA cDNA of putative chitinase from Euglena gracilis, designated EgChiA, encoded 960 amino acid residues, which is arranged from N-terminus in the order of signal peptide, glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH18) domain, carbohydrate binding module family 18 (CBM18) domain, GH18 domain, CBM18 domain, and transmembrane helix. It is likely that EgChiA is anchored on the cell surface. The recombinant second GH18 domain of EgChiA, designated as CatD2, displayed optimal catalytic activity at pH 3.0 and 50 °C. The lower the polymerization degree of the chitin oligosaccharides [(GlcNAc)4–6] used as the substrates, the higher was the rate of degradation by CatD2. CatD2 degraded chitin nanofibers as an insoluble substrate, and it produced only (GlcNAc)2 and GlcNAc. Therefore, we speculated that EgChiA localizes to the cell surface of E. gracilis and is involved in degradation of chitin polymers into (GlcNAc)2 or GlcNAc, which are easily taken up by the cells.
Filament winding technique, experiment and simulation analysis on tubular structure
Authors: Quanjin Ma , Rejab M R M , Kaige Jiang , Idris M S , Harith M N 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Filament winding process has emerged as one of the potential composite fabrication processes with lower costs. Filament wound products involve classic axisymmetric parts (pipes, rings, driveshafts, high-pressure vessels and storage tanks), non-axisymmetric parts (prismatic nonround sections and pipe fittings). Based on the 3-axis filament winding machine has been designed with the inexpensive control system, it is completely necessary to make a relative comparison between experiment and simulation on tubular structure. In this technical paper, the aim of this paper is to perform a dry winding experiment using the 3-axis filament winding machine and simulate winding process on the tubular structure using CADWIND software with 30°, 45°, 60° winding angle. The main result indicates that the 3-axis filament winding machine can produce tubular structure with high winding pattern performance with different winding angle. This developed 3-axis winding machine still has weakness compared to CAWIND software simulation results with high axes winding machine about winding pattern, turnaround impact, process error, thickness, friction impact etc. In conclusion, the 3-axis filament winding machine improvements and recommendations come up with its comparison results, which can intuitively understand its limitations and characteristics.
Charity and the End of Empire: British Non-Governmental Organizations, Africa, and International Development in the 1960s
Authors: Hilton Matthew 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
British non-governmental organizations (NGOs) became a part of the modern aid industry in the 1960s, particularly across Africa. At the moment of decolonization, humanitarian charities were recast into modern NGOs focused on small-scale grassroots initiatives nevertheless tied to long-term official development planning. NGOs and charities were popular because they represented many things for many people. For the late colonial state, they were the agents that would step in where government retreated, providing vital lessons in self-help for the future leaders of the country. For newly independent governments, they were both suppliers of Western funds and props to impoverished social service departments. For donors and international aid agencies, they were a route through which liberal internationalist sympathies could be directed. That no one in these early decades of development was certain which aid initiatives actually worked on the ground was therefore of less importance than the optimistic hopes placed upon charity to tackle global poverty. Indeed, it was the ad hoc, confusing, and complex landscape of charitable aid that lay behind the rise of the modern NGO. For a variety of reasons, all had a stake in their continued presence and expansion across the developing world.
Circulating non-coding RNAs in biomarker-guided cardiovascular therapy: a novel tool for personalized medicine?
Authors: de Gonzalo-Calvo David , Vea Angela , Bär Christian , Fiedler Jan , Couch Liam S , Brotons Carlos , Llorente-Cortes Vicenta , Thum Thomas 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Current clinical guidelines emphasize the unmet need for technological innovations to guide physician decision-making and to transit from conventional care to personalized cardiovascular medicine. Biomarker-guided cardiovascular therapy represents an interesting approach to inform tailored treatment selection and monitor ongoing efficacy. However, results from previous publications cast some doubts about the clinical applicability of biomarkers to direct individualized treatment. In recent years, the non-coding human transcriptome has emerged as a new opportunity for the development of novel therapeutic strategies and biomarker discovery. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) signatures may provide an accurate molecular fingerprint of patient phenotypes and capture levels of information that could complement traditional markers and established clinical variables. Importantly, ncRNAs have been identified in body fluids and their concentrations change with physiology and pathology, thus representing promising non-invasive biomarkers. Previous publications highlight the translational applicability of circulating ncRNAs for diagnosis and prognostic stratification within cardiology. Numerous independent studies have also evaluated the potential of the circulating non-coding transcriptome to predict and monitor response to cardiovascular treatment. However, this field has not been reviewed in detail. Here, we discuss the state-of-the-art research into circulating ncRNAs, specifically microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, to support clinical decision-making in cardiovascular therapy. Furthermore, we summarize current methodological and conceptual limitations and propose future steps for their incorporation into personalized cardiology. Despite the lack of robust population-based studies and technical barriers, circulating ncRNAs emerge as a promising tool for biomarker-guided therapy.
EMC10 governs male fertility via maintaining sperm ion balance
Authors: Zhou Yuchuan , Wu Fei , Zhang Man , Xiong Zuquan , Yin Qianqian , Ru Yanfei , Shi Huijuan , Li Jinsong , Mao Shanhua , Li Yanliang , Cao Xinyi , Hu Renming , Liew Chong Wee , Ding Qiang , Wang Xuanchun , Zhang Yonglian 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Infertility is a severe public health problem worldwide that prevails up to 15% in reproductive-age couples, and male infertility accounts for half of total infertility. Studies on genetically modified animal models have identified lots of genes involved in the pathogenesis of male infertility. The underlying causes, however, remain largely unclear. In this study, we provide evidence that EMC10, one subunit of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein complex (EMC), is required for male fertility. EMC10 is significantly decreased in spermatozoa from patients with asthenozoospermia and positively associated with human sperm motility. Male mice lacking Emc10 gene are completely sterile. Emc10-null spermatozoa exhibit multiple defects including abnormal morphology, decreased motility, impaired capacitation, and impotency of acrosome reaction, thereby which are incapable of fertilizing intact or ZP-free oocytes. However, intracytoplasmic sperm injection could rescue this defect caused by EMC10 deletion. Mechanistically, EMC10 deficiency leads to inactivation of Na/K-ATPase, in turn giving rise to an increased level of intracellular Na+ in spermatozoa, which contributes to decreased sperm motility and abnormal morphology. Other mechanistic investigations demonstrate that the absence of EMC10 results in a reduction of HCO3− entry and subsequent decreases of both cAMP-dependent protein kinase A substrate phosphorylation and protein tyrosine phosphorylation. These data demonstrate that EMC10 is indispensable to male fertility via maintaining sperm ion balance of Na+ and HCO3−, and also suggest that EMC10 is a promising biomarker for male fertility and a potential pharmaceutical target to treat male infertility.
Case Report of an Extensively Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection With Genomic Characterization of the Strain and Review of Similar Cases in the United States
Authors: Krapp Fiorella , Ozer Egon A , Qi Chao , Hauser Alan R 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Reports of extensively drug-resistant and pan-drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (XDR-KP and PDR-KP) cases are increasing worldwide. Here, we report a case of XDR-KP with an in-depth molecular characterization of resistance genes using whole-genome sequencing, and we review all cases of XDR-KP and PDR-KP reported in the United States to date.
Neurocognitive Function after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Berger Miles , Terrando Niccolò , Smith S. Kendall , Browndyke Jeffrey N. , Newman Mark F. , Mathew Joseph P. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
For half a century, it has been known that some patients experience neurocognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery; however, defining its incidence, course, and causes remains challenging and controversial. Various terms have been used to describe neurocognitive dysfunction at different times after cardiac surgery, ranging from “postoperative delirium” to “postoperative cognitive dysfunction or decline.” Delirium is a clinical diagnosis included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is not included in the DSM-5 and has been heterogeneously defined, though a recent international nomenclature effort has proposed standardized definitions for it. Here, the authors discuss pathophysiologic mechanisms that may underlie these complications, review the literature on methods to prevent them, and discuss novel approaches to understand their etiology that may lead to novel treatment strategies. Future studies should measure both delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction to help clarify the relationship between these important postoperative complications.
Working Memory Training Following Neonatal Critical Illness: A Randomized Controlled Trial*
Authors: Schiller Raisa M. , Madderom Marlous J. , van Rosmalen Joost , van Heijst Arno F. J. , de Blaauw Ivo , Utens Elisabeth , Rietman André B. , Verhulst Frank , Tibboel Dick , White Tonya , IJsselstijn Hanneke 
Published: April 2018

Objectives:To test the immediate and long-term effectiveness of Cogmed Working Memory Training following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and/or congenital diaphragmatic hernia.Design:A nationwide randomized controlled trial assessing neuropsychologic outcome immediately and 1 year post Cogmed Working Memory Training, conducted between October 2014 and June 2017. Researchers involved in the follow-up assessments were blinded to group allocation.Setting:Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.Patients:Eligible participants were neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and/or congenital diaphragmatic hernia survivors (8–12 yr) with an intelligence quotient greater than or equal to 80 and azscore less than or equal to –1.5 on at least one (working) memory test at first assessment.Interventions:Cogmed Working Memory Training, comprising 25 45-minute training sessions for 5 consecutive weeks at home.Measurements and Main Results:Participants were randomized to Cogmed Working Memory Training (n= 19) or no intervention (n= 24) (two dropped out after T0). Verbal working memory (estimated coefficient = 0.87;p= 0.002) and visuospatial working memory (estimated coefficient=0.96,p= 0.003) significantly improved at T1 post Cogmed Working Memory Training but was similar between groups at T2 (verbal,p= 0.902; visuospatial,p= 0.416). Improvements were found at T2 on long-term visuospatial memory following Cogmed Working Memory Training (estimated coefficient = 0.95;p= 0.003). Greater improvements in this domain at T2 following Cogmed Working Memory Training were associated with better self-rated school functioning (r= 0.541;p= 0.031) and parent-rated attention (r= 0.672;p= 0.006).Conclusions:Working memory improvements after Cogmed Working Memory Training disappeared 1 year post training in neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and/or congenital diaphragmatic hernia survivors. Gains in visuospatial memory persisted 1 year post intervention. Cogmed Working Memory Training may be beneficial for survivors with visuospatial memory deficits.
INJECTION FREQUENCY OF AFLIBERCEPT VERSUS RANIBIZUMAB IN A TREAT-AND-EXTEND REGIMEN FOR CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION
Authors: Casselholm de Salles Manuel , Amrén Urban , Kvanta Anders , Epstein David L. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose:
To prospectively investigate the injection frequency of aflibercept and ranibizumab in the treatment of macular edema in central retinal vein occlusion.

Methods:
Patients with treatment-naive central retinal vein occlusion and macular edema were randomized to receive intravitreal injections with aflibercept (n = 22) or ranibizumab (n = 23) in a treat-and-extend regimen with a follow-up time of 18 months. After 3 loading doses, the treatment intervals were extended by 2 weeks to a maximum of 12 weeks. Intervals were shortened by 2 weeks if macular edema recurred.

Results:
The number of injections was significantly lower in the aflibercept group with a mean of 10.9 injections (95% confidence interval, 9.6–12.3) compared with 14.4 in the ranibizumab group (95% confidence interval 12.7–16.1) at study completion (P = 0.0017). The mean treatment interval was significantly longer in the aflibercept group compared with the ranibizumab group 10.0 (95% confidence interval, 8.7–11.3) and 6.6 (95% confidence interval, 5.2–8.0) weeks, respectively (P < 0.001). No significant difference between the groups regarding visual acuity or central retinal thickness was observed.

Conclusion:
Patients with macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion required significantly fewer intravitreal injections of aflibercept compared with ranibizumab when treated with a treat-and-extend regimen. This may reduce the treatment burden and, to some extent, the need for close monitoring of patients.
Viscoelastic Tamponade Applied to the Ocular Surface for Enhanced Control of Gaseous Egress From the Anterior Chamber During Final Bubble Titration in DMEK Surgery: The “Polite” Burp
Authors: Sales Christopher S. , Fernandez Ana Alzaga , Anwar Zane 
Published: April 2018

Purpose:
To present a novel technique for enhancing the surgeon's control over the volume of air or gas that is “burped” from the anterior chamber during final bubble and intraocular pressure (IOP) titration in Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty.

Methods:
After ascertaining that the intracameral bubble is either too large and/or has rendered IOP too high, a bead of ophthalmic viscoelastic is applied to the ocular surface over a paracentesis incision, which is then depressed in the usual fashion to burp gas from the anterior chamber.

Results:
The weight and viscosity of the viscoelastic create a tamponade that slows the egress of gas from the anterior chamber, thereby making it more controllable.

Conclusions:
If the bubble size or IOP needs to be reduced at the conclusion of the Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty procedure, application of ophthalmic viscoelastic over the paracentesis can enhance the surgeon's control over the volume of gas burped from the anterior chamber, thereby reducing the tendency to swing between a bubble that is too large or too small.
Neural pathways in medial septal cholinergic modulation of chronic pain: distinct contribution of the anterior cingulate cortex and ventral hippocampus
Authors: Jiang Ying-Ying , Shao Shan , Zhang Yu , Zheng Jie , Chen Xi , Cui Shuang , Liu Feng-Yu , Wan You , Yi Ming 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
One specific behavior can be synergistically modulated by different neural pathways. Medial septal (MS) cholinergic system innervates widespread cortical and subcortical regions and participates in pain modulation, but the underlying neural pathways are not fully understood. This study examined the contribution of MS cholinergic neurons and 2 neural pathways: MS–rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and MS–ventral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1), in modulating perceptual and affective pain behaviors in a mouse model of chronic inflammatory pain. We found that chronic pain activated MS cholinergic neurons and pyramidal neurons in the rACC, but suppressed pyramidal neuronal activities in the vCA1, all of which contributed to the maintenance of pathological pain. Chemogenetic inhibition of MS cholinergic neurons or the MS–rACC pathway inhibited rACC pyramidal neuronal activities and attenuated perceptual and affective dimensions of chronic pain. By contrast, chemogenetic activation of MS cholinergic neurons also produced analgesia, but by rescuing hypofunctional pyramidal neurons in vCA1. These results clearly demonstrate that the MS cholinergic system differentially modulates chronic inflammatory pain through MS–rACC or MS–vCA1 pathways. More significantly, our research provides evidence for a novel paradigm of neural circuit modulation: MS cholinergic inhibition and activation induce similar analgesia but through distinct neural pathways.