bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Mixed Lubrication Problems of the Non-Gaussian Rough Textured Surface With the Influence of Stochastic Roughness in Consideration
Authors: Gu Chunxing , Meng Xianghui , Wang Shuwen , Ding Xiaohong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In order to find the effects of surface topography on the tribological properties of the rough textured surfaces, an improved mixed lubrication model allowing specifying the standard deviation, the skewness, and the kurtosis was developed. In this model, by considering the non-Gaussian properties of rough surfaces, an improved average flow model was combined with a modified statistical elastoplastic asperity contact model. The performances of the slider bearings with two arrays of anisotropic textures were studied in terms of Stribeck curves. It appears that the tribological properties of the anisotropic textures are sensitive to the sliding direction. Meanwhile, the surfaces with more negative skewness or the lower kurtosis can obtain better tribological performances related to friction and wear.
The Uncertainty in Solutions to Implicit Equation Systems
Authors: Terry Beck B. , Peterman Robert J. , Wu Chih-Hang John 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper introduces a general methodology for determining the uncertainty of the solution to implicit systems of equations. Equation systems of this type arise from many practical applications, including the analysis of pipe networks, and in the implementation of complex numerical (finite difference or finite element) solution algorithms. The procedure is applicable to either linear or nonlinear equation systems, and does not require any specific algorithm for solution to the equation system itself. A general sensitivity matrix is constructed from an implicit sensitivity analysis of the equation system. This overall sensitivity matrix is expressed in terms of input and output sensitivity matrices, which represent the sensitivity of the equation system to changes in the independent (parameters) and dependent (calculated) variables, respectively. A vector representing the root-mean-square (RMS) uncertainty of the solution variables in the equation system is then given as a function of the given uncertainty in the input parameters. Two specific examples are presented to illustrate the practical application of the technique: (1) An example from fluid mechanics evaluating the uncertainty in solutions to a pipe network problem and (2) an example evaluating the uncertainty of a thermistor calibration and measurement problem.
Predicting Performance of Double-Pipe Parallel- and Counter-Flow Heat Exchanger Using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Sridharan M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The heat exchanger is a device in which heat transfer takes place between two fluids at different temperatures. Among various classifications of heat exchangers, parallel and counter flow types are used widely in many industrial applications. This paper presents two fuzzy logic expert systems (FLESs), one for parallel-flow and another for counter-flow double-pipe heat exchanger (DPHE). Such FLESs are capable of predicting the exit temperature of heat carrier fluids and its effectiveness in an accurate manner. In total, 96 sets of experiments have been conducted for parallel and counter flow types under different combinations of the mass flow rate. The performance accuracy of the fuzzy logic expert system is measured by comparing fuzzy predicted results with experimental data sets. Such a comparison indicates a good agreement between experimental data sets and fuzzy predicted results. The accuracy of the parallel-flow FLES in predicting the exit temperature and its effectiveness is 92.78% and 95%, respectively. The accuracy of the counter-flow FLES in predicting the exit temperature and its effectiveness is 94.28% and 95.5%, respectively.
A Preliminary Risk Assessment on the Development of a Small-Scaled Floating Power Plant
Authors: Park Sung-In , Kim Su Kyeong , Kim Sang Jin , Paik Jeom Kee 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper introduces a preliminary risk assessment method carried out on a newly developed floating power plant. The small-scale floating power plant has been developed to provide electric power for areas on demand, and this is a kind of a new concept system which is not clearly classified in the maritime industry. To grant the feasibility for this novel system design, a set of risk assessment activities is essentially required, and in this context, a hazard identification (HAZID) study is conducted at the very early stage of the plant design. The aims of this HAZID study are to verify the inherent safety of the initial plant design and to provide any recommendations on the next design stages. For this purpose, the potential hazards are identified in view of personnel, structural, and asset effects in association with the operation of the power plant and all the identified hazards and relevant risks are assessed with the defined criteria using a simple risk matrix. As a result, the risk or safety level of the conceptual plant design is estimated, and some design changes are suggested to give a better balance between the safety and the cost of the plant system. Overall, this paper shows how the primitive risk assessment techniques are utilized as a practical engineering tool in the development of the marine system.
Effect of Graphite Content on Cu–Ni–Graphite Composite for Use as Switch Slide Baseplate Materials Sliding Against U75V Steel
Authors: Wang Yiran , Gao Yimin , Takahashi Jun , Wan Yi , Zhang Yunqian , Xiao Bing , He Xiangdong , Li Jun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The rapid development of high-speed railways necessitates the development of new materials for switch slide baseplates. In this study, a Cu–Ni–graphite composite, containing 1 wt% to 6 wt% graphite and prepared by powder metallurgy, was used as a potential material. Pin-on-disk wear tests were conducted to measure the sliding friction of the Cu–Ni–graphite composite against U75 V steel. The results showed that the friction coefficients gradually decreased when the graphite content in the composite ranged from 1 wt% to 4 wt% in the composite. When the graphite content was 4 wt%, the friction coefficient reached the minimum value (0.153). When the graphite content was low (1 wt% to 4 wt%), the primary wear mechanism was microcutting. An increased graphite content facilitated the generation of lubricating films and decreased the wear damage. As the graphite content increased from 4 wt% to 6 wt%, the friction coefficients also increased. The variation in the wear volume rate had the same tendency as the friction coefficient. When the graphite content exceeded 4 wt%, the primary wear mechanism was delamination and fatigue wear. Due to the tendency to form cracks on the subsurface and the plentiful generation of the spalled pits, the graphite fragments could not completely form lubricating films but separated as wear debris. The lubricating films existing on the U75 V steel were in proportion to the graphite content in the composite. The wear weight loss of the U75 V steel exhibited a reduction with increasing graphite content.
Rigid and Flat Foldability of a Degree-Four Vertex in Origami
Authors: Zimmermann Luca , Stanković Tino 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRigid foldability is the property of an origami that folds continuously from an unfolded to a folded state without deformation in its facets. Although extensively researched, there exist no intrinsic conditions for the rigid foldability of a degree-four vertex, which is the simplest possible origami building block that folds nontrivially. In this paper, we derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the rigid foldability of a degree-four vertex and show that it can be reduced to a purely sufficient condition, which is equivalent to a known condition from the realm of spherical mechanisms. The implications of these conditions are discussed, which reveals the connection between rigid and flat foldability, the two most important mathematical notions in origami. In practice, this work further contributes to the design synthesis and analysis of deployable structures, in which the mechanics of degree-four vertices is omnipresent.
Bio-Inspired Locomotion of Circular Robots With Diametrically Translating Legs
Authors: Steffan Eric , Pal Sudeshna , Das Tuhin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we develop an analytical framework for designing the locomotion of mobile robots with a circular core and equispaced diametral legs, each having a radial translational degree of freedom. The mechanism has resemblance with certain cellular locomotion. The robot travels by radial actuation of the legs in a sequential and synchronized manner. Two elementary regimes of motion are first designed using the geometry and degrees of freedom of the mechanism. Overall motion of the robot is generated by repeated switching between the two regimes. The paper addresses both kinematics and kinetics of the mechanism, enabling the prediction of trajectories and computation of constraint as well as actuation forces. Simulation results are provided in support of the theory developed.
Entropy Generation Minimization in a Parabolic Trough Collector Operating With SiO2–Water Nanofluids Using the Genetic Algorithm and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Okonkwo Eric C. , Adun Humphrey , Babatunde Akinola A. , Abid Muhammad , Ratlamwala Tahir A.H. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The paper presents an entropy generation minimization study for a solar parabolic trough collector (PTC) operating with SiO2–water nanofluid using a genetic algorithm (GA) and artificial neural network (ANN). The characteristic variables of nanoparticle volumetric concentration (0.01 ≤ φ ≤ 0.05), mass flow rate (0.1 ≤ ṁ ≤ 1.1 kg/s), and inlet temperatures (350–550 K) are used to analyze the rate of entropy generated in the PTC. GA is used in optimizing the entropy generation rate for the specified parameters, while ANN is used for predicting and observing the behavior of these parameters on the rate of entropy generation in the collector. The optimum ANN model is derived with one hidden layer of 18 neurons when training the input variables for the entropy generation predictions. The optimal mean square error used as a performance validation of the model is 0.02288 for training and 0.0282 for testing with an R2 value of 0.9999. The impact of the defined parameters on the entropy generation rate is presented in Sec. 5. It is concluded that machine learning techniques can be an efficient tool for predicting the rate of entropy generation in a collector within the constraint of the defined parameters.
Analysis of Gas-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone Separator With Inlet Modifications Using Fluid–Structure Interaction
Authors: Kolla Srinivas Swaroop , Mohan Ram S. , Shoham Ovadia 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone (GLCC©, The University of Tulsa, 1994) is a simple, compact, and low-cost separator, which provides an economically attractive alternative to conventional gravity-based separators over a wide range of applications. The GLCC© inlet section design is a key parameter, which is crucial for its performance and proper operation. An in-depth evaluation of specific design modifications and their effect on safety and structural robustness are carried out in this study using finite element analysis (FEA). Fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis is also carried out using the results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) aimed at investigating the effect of fluid flow on the inlet section structural integrity. The selected design modifications are based on feasibility of GLCC© manufacturing and assembly for field applications. Different case studies incorporating sustained GLCC© internal pressure, dead weight loading, forces generated because of slug flow and high temperatures are analyzed and presented in this paper. The concept of holes cut out in baffle has been effective with no stresses or deformation in the baffle area. FSI simulation of slug flow has proved that FEA direct loading case studies are far more conservative.
Development of a Standalone, Liquid Fuelled Miniature Power Generation System
Authors: Bharadwaz N. K. Aditya , Jain Naman , Arghode Vaibhav Kumar 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper aims at developing a novel mesoscale combustion-based thermoelectric power generator as an alternate to the electrochemical batteries. Most of the micro and mesoscale combustors investigated till date are based on external fuel and air supply systems, which may not be beneficial for a practical system. The proposed design is a standalone system which makes use of the heat conducted through the combustor walls, as an energy source to evaporate the liquid fuel stored in a surrounding tank and supply the vaporized fuel to the combustor. The high momentum fuel (vapor) jet is designed to entrain the ambient air in appropriate proportion so as to form a combustible mixture. The fuel/air mixture is fed to a mesoscale combustor and the flame is stabilized by facilitating hot gas recirculation regions. The hot combustion products then flow over a ceramic plate on the other side of which the hot side of a thermoelectric module (TEM) is attached, while ensuring a near uniform temperature, to generate electricity. The cold side of the TEM is maintained at relatively lower temperature and the heat is designed to be rejected using fins to the ambient. The prototype is designed to produce an electrical power output of 12 W with an overall efficiency of about 2.4% (heat load of 500 W) and endurance of 1.5 h in a single fuel refill. The paper presents detailed description of the constituent components and the CFD analysis which evaluates the performance of the system.
Integrating an Analytical Uncertainty Quantification Approach to Multi-Scale Modeling of Nanocomposites
Authors: Acar Pınar 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The present study addresses the integration of an analytical uncertainty quantification approach to multi-scale modeling of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-epoxy nanocomposites. The main highlight is the investigation of the stochasticity of nanotube orientations, and its effects on the homogenized properties. Even though the properties of SWNT-epoxy nanocomposites are well-studied in the literature, the natural stochasticity that arises from the nanotube orientations has not been observed. To understand the effects of the variability in SWNT orientations to material properties of interest, an analytical uncertainty quantification algorithm is utilized. The analytical scheme computes the propagation of the orientational uncertainty to the volume-averaged properties with a linear solution and uses the transformation of random variables principle to obtain the variations in non-linear properties. The results indicate that the uncertainty propagation affects the macro-scale properties, including stiffness, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, and natural frequencies.
Puck Drop in the Pacific Northwest: Building Brand Equity for a New Professional Sport Franchise
Authors: Davies Melissa , Naraine Michael L. , Mastromartino Brandon 
Published: September 2019

This case asks participants to take on the role of a brand consultant, working for the fictional brand management firm, BrandNew, to advise on the branding of a new National Hockey League (NHL) franchise. The consultant will need to identify the strengths and weaknesses in the brand equity for three previous NHL expansion or relocation teams (i.e., Vegas Golden Knights, Winnipeg Jets, Carolina Hurricanes) in order to understand what goes into selecting an effective team name, color scheme, logo, mascot, and how to socially integrate into the host city market. Consultants will then make recommendations for the NHL’s next expansion team in Seattle, Washington, so as to build sustained brand equity in the Seattle market.
Cenozoic carbonate burial along continental margins
Authors: van der Ploeg Robin , Boudreau Bernard P. , Middelburg Jack J. , Sluijs Appy 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Marine carbonate burial represents the largest long-term carbon sink at Earth’s surface, occurring in both deep-sea (pelagic) environments and shallower waters along continental margins. The distribution of carbonate accumulation has varied over geological history and impacts the carbon cycle and ocean chemistry, but it remains difficult to quantitatively constrain. Here, we reconstruct Cenozoic carbonate burial along continental margins using a mass balance for global carbonate alkalinity, which integrates independent estimates for continental weathering and pelagic carbonate burial. Our results indicate that major changes in marginal carbonate burial were associated with important climate and sea-level change events, including the Eocene-Oligocene transition (ca. 34 Ma), the Oligocene-Miocene boundary Mi-1 glaciation (ca. 23 Ma), and the middle Miocene climate transition (ca. 14 Ma). In addition, we find that a major increase in continental weathering from ca. 10 Ma to the present may have driven a concomitant increase in pelagic carbonate burial. Together, our results show that changes in global climate, sea level, and continental weathering have all impacted carbonate burial over the Cenozoic, but the relative importance of these processes may have varied through time.
The Aspen paleoriver: Linking Eocene magmatism to the world’s largest Na-carbonate evaporite (Wyoming, USA)
Authors: Hammond Alexander P. , Carroll Alan R. , Parrish Ethan C. , Smith M. Elliot , Lowenstein Tim K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Deposition of trona, nahcolite, and other Na-carbonate evaporite minerals in lakes is commonly closely associated with active volcanism, suggesting that the excess alkalinity required for their formation may arise from fluid-rock interactions involving hydrothermal waters that contain magmatic CO2. Paradoxically, the world’s largest Na-carbonate occurrence, contained within the Eocene Green River Formation in Wyoming, USA, was not associated with nearby active magmatism. Magmatism was active ∼200 km southeast in the Colorado Mineral Belt, however, suggesting that a river draining this area could have supplied excess alkalinity to Eocene lakes. Sedimentologic studies in southwestern Wyoming, along the course of the hypothesized Aspen paleoriver, document fluvial and deltaic sandstone with generally northwest-directed paleocurrent indicators. Sandstone framework grain compositions and detrital zircon ages are consistent with derivation from the Colorado Mineral Belt and its host rocks. These results provide the first confirmation of a fluvial connection to downstream Eocene lakes, and indicate that lake deposits may offer a unique perspective on upstream magmatic and hydrothermal histories.
How coping can hide larger systems problems: the routine immunisation supply chain in Bihar, India
Authors: Lee Bruce Y , Wedlock Patrick T , Mitgang Elizabeth A , Cox Sarah N , Haidari Leila A , Das Manoja K , Dutta Srihari , Kapuria Bhrigu , Brown Shawn T 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionCoping occurs when health system personnel must make additional, often undocumented efforts to compensate for existing system and management deficiencies. While such efforts may be done with good intentions, few studies evaluate the broader impact of coping.MethodsWe developed a computational simulation model of Bihar, India’s routine immunisation supply chain where coping (ie, making additional vaccine shipments above stated policy) occurs. We simulated the impact of coping by allowing extra trips to occur as needed up to one time per day and then limiting coping to two times per week and three times per month before completely eliminating coping.ResultsCoping as needed resulted in 3754 extra vaccine shipments over stated policy resulting in 56% total vaccine availability and INR 2.52 logistics cost per dose administered. Limiting vaccine shipments to two times per week reduced shipments by 1224 trips, resulting in a 7% vaccine availability decrease to 49% and an 8% logistics cost per dose administered increase to INR 2.73. Limiting shipments to three times per month reduced vaccine shipments by 2635 trips, which decreased vaccine availability by 19% to 37% and increased logistics costs per dose administered by 34% to INR 3.38. Completely eliminating coping further reduced shipments by 1119 trips, decreasing total vaccine availability an additional 24% to 13% and increasing logistics cost per dose administered by 169% to INR 9.08.ConclusionOur results show how coping can hide major system design deficiencies and how restricting coping can improve problem diagnosis and potentially lead to enhanced system design.
Incubator traffic light: the development of an alcohol-based hand rub dispenser system for neonatal incubators with visual feedback to improve hand hygiene compliance
Authors: van Gils Ronald H J , Helder Onno K , Wauben Linda S G L 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionSustained high compliance with hand hygiene prior to patient contact in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) could reduce the spread of pathogens and incidence of bloodstream infections of preterm infants. These infections are associated with high mortality, morbidity and additional costs. Behaviour change interventions to promote hand hygiene, such as education, have only temporary beneficial effect on compliance. Our aim is to develop a technical intervention that supports a sustainable behaviour change for appropriate hand hygiene among NICU healthcare professionals.MethodsStudents from different disciplines incrementally designed and evaluated solutions in co-creation with healthcare professionals of a NICU in a teaching hospital.ResultsA prototype of the ‘Incubator Traffic Light’ system for neonatal incubators was developed, that is, a touchless alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) dispenser with integrated colour display and incubator door sensor with lights. The system provides visual feedback to support healthcare professionals’ compliance with the prescribed 30 s drying time for ABHR. After 30 s, green lights indicate that the incubator doors may be opened. In the event that doors are opened without dispensing ABHR or earlier than 30 s, blinking orange lights and a display message urge the person to close the doors. The system documents compliance data in a web-based database.ConclusionsWe developed a sophisticated technical intervention to support hand hygiene compliance. It is ready for clinical tests that should prove that the system contributes to sustainable hand hygiene compliance near neonatal incubators.
Mental health service users’ progression from illicit drug use to schizophrenia in New Zealand
Authors: Mellsop Graham , Tapsell Rees , Holmes Pragya 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundRecently, publications have hypothesised that the demonstrated increase in the incidence of schizophrenia in New Zealand is a side effect of the increased strength of available cannabis derivatives over the last 25+ years and the much more recent increase in the population’s use of methamphetamine.AimTo compare the rates of later schizophrenia between age-matched mental health service users with initial diagnoses as alcohol abusers or illicit drug users.MethodFrom the PRIMHD comprehensive national database, all users of the mental health services over a 5-year period who received an ICD-10 presenting diagnosis of alcohol or substance use/abuse were identified. For each person identified, the database was examined for the following 3 years to determine the numbers later diagnosed with schizophrenia.ResultsFor the initial alcohol problem people in their twenties, 1.7% were diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia in the subsequent 3 years. For the initial drug problem people, the rate was 10.9%. Within that drug-using population, the indigenous Maori developed schizophrenia at a higher rate than did the remainder of the population.ConclusionThese findings in New Zealand require further research into their generalisability, context and explanation.