bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global warming reduces leaf-out and flowering synchrony among individuals
Authors: Zohner Constantin M , Mo Lidong , Renner Susanne S 
Published: November 2018

The temporal overlap of phenological stages, phenological synchrony, crucially influences ecosystem functioning. For flowering, among-individual synchrony influences gene flow. For leaf-out, it affects interactions with herbivores and competing plants. If individuals differ in their reaction to the ongoing change in global climate, this should affect population-level synchrony. Here, we use climate-manipulation experiments, Pan-European long-term (>15 years) observations, and common garden monitoring data on up to 72 woody and herbaceous species to study the effects of increasing temperatures on the extent of leaf-out and flowering synchrony within populations. Warmer temperatures reduce in situ leaf-out and flowering synchrony by up to 55%, and experiments on European beech provide a mechanism for how individual differences in day-length and/or chilling sensitivity may explain this finding. The rapid loss of reproductive and vegetative synchrony in European plants predicts changes in their gene flow and trophic interactions, but community-wide consequences remain largely unknown.Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (<xref ref-type="decision-letter" rid="SA1">see decision letter</xref>).
The doctor’s digital double: how warmth, competence, and animation promote adherence intention
Authors: Dai Zhengyan , MacDorman Karl F. 
Published: November 2018

Background
Each year, patient nonadherence to treatment advice costs the US healthcare system more than $300 billion and results in 250,000 deaths. Developing virtual consultations to promote adherence could improve public health while cutting healthcare costs and usage. However, inconsistencies in the realism of computer-animated humans may cause them to appear eerie, a phenomenon termed the uncanny valley. Eeriness could reduce a virtual doctor’s credibility and patients’ adherence.

Methods
In a 2 × 2 × 2 between-groups posttest-only experiment, 738 participants played the role of a patient in a hypothetical virtual consultation with a doctor. The consultation varied in the doctor’s Character (good or poor bedside manner), Outcome (received a fellowship or sued for malpractice), and Depiction (a recorded video of a real human actor or of his 3D computer-animated double). Character, Outcome, and Depiction were designed to manipulate the doctor’s level of warmth, competence, and realism, respectively.

Results
Warmth and competence increased adherence intention and consultation enjoyment, but realism did not. On the contrary, the computer-animated doctor increased adherence intention and consultation enjoyment significantly more than the doctor portrayed by a human actor. We propose that enjoyment of the animated consultation caused the doctor to appear warmer and more real, compensating for his realism inconsistency. Expressed as a path model, this explanation fit the data.

Discussion
The acceptance and effectiveness of the animation should encourage the development of virtual consultations, which have advantages over creating content with human actors including ease of scenario revision, internationalization, localization, personalization, and web distribution.
A divergence between underlying and final causes of death in selected conditions: an analysis of death registries in Peru
Authors: Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M. , Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe underlying cause of death is used to study country and global mortality trends and profiles. The final cause of death could also inform the ultimately cause of death in individuals with underlying conditions. Whether there is a pattern between the underlying and final cause of death has not been explored using national death registries. We studied what final causes of death were most common among selected underlying causes using national death registries in Peru, 2015.MethodsUnderlying and final causes of death were classified according to their ICD-10 codes. Underlying causes included chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypertension (HTN), diabetes, and selected cancers (cervix, breast, stomach, prostate, and lung). Final causes were categorized as: communicable, cardiovascular, and cancers. Descriptive statistics were used.ResultsA total of 77,065 death registries were analyzed; cases had a mean age of 69.4 (SD: 19.3) years at death and were mostly men (53.9%). When the underlying cause was HTN, the most frequent final cause was cardiovascular diseases (82.3%). For all the other underlying causes, the most frequent final cause was communicable diseases: COPD (86.4%), CKD (79.3%), cancer (76.5%), and diabetes (68.3%).ConclusionsIn four selected underlying causes of death there was a divergence with respect to the final cause, suggesting there was a shift from non-communicable to communicable causes. Although efforts should be deployed to prevent underlying non-communicable diseases, potential communicable complications should not be neglected.
Metabolite systems profiling identifies exploitable weaknesses in retinoblastoma
Authors: Sahoo Swagatika , Ravi Kumar Ranjith Kumar , Nicolay Brandon , Mohite Omkar , Sivaraman Karthikeyan , Khetan Vikas , Rishi Pukhraj , Ganesan Suganeswari , Subramanyan Krishnakumar , Raman Karthik , Miles Wayne , Elchuri Sailaja V. 
Published: November 2018

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a childhood eye cancer. Currently, chemotherapy, local therapy, and enucleation are the main ways in which these tumors are managed. The present work is the first study that uses constraint‐based reconstruction and analysis approaches to identify and explain RB‐specific survival strategies, which are RB tumor specific. Importantly, our model‐specific secretion profile is also found in RB1‐depleted human retinal cells in vitro and suggests that novel biomarkers involved in lipid metabolism may be important. Finally, RB‐specific synthetic lethals have been predicted as lipid and nucleoside transport proteins that can aid in novel drug target development.
Association of Diabetes Mellitus and Biomarkers of Abnormal Glucose Metabolism With Incident Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Rogers‐Soeder Tara S. , Lane Nancy E. , Walimbe Mona , Schwartz Ann V. , Tolstykh Irina , Felson David T. , Lewis Cora E. , Segal Neil A. , Nevitt Michael C. ,   the Multicenter Osteoarthritis (MOST) Study Group
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThe association of diabetes mellitus (DM) with increased risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is uncertain. We evaluated associations of DM and biomarkers of abnormal glucose metabolism with incident radiographic knee OA, controlling for body mass index (BMI).MethodsParticipants (mean ± SD age 60.6 ± 7.8 years; mean ± SD body mass index [BMI] 29.1 ± 4.9 kg/m2) were from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study and did not have radiographic knee OA at baseline (Kellgren/Lawrence [K/L] grade <2 bilaterally). A random sample (n = 987) was selected and stratified by BMI. Baseline serum fasting glucose and homeostasis model assessment–estimated insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) were measured. Participants were categorized as having DM based on self‐report, use of medication, or fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl. Incident radiographic knee OA (K/L grade ≥2 or knee replacement) was assessed at 3 follow‐up visits (30, 60, and 84 months). Knee‐level pooled logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) for associations of DM status and biomarkers of abnormal glucose metabolism with incident radiographic knee OA.ResultsAfter adjustment for BMI, the odds of incident radiographic knee OA were not associated with baseline DM status nor with levels of fasting glucose and HOMA‐IR, overall and in men. In women, HOMA‐IR was inversely associated with odds of incident radiographic knee OA (adjusted OR 0.80 [95% CI 0.69–0.94], P = 0.005).ConclusionDM and higher levels of biomarkers of abnormal glucose metabolism were not associated with increased odds of incident radiographic knee OA after adjusting for BMI in this cohort overall. A possible protective association of higher HOMA‐IR with incident radiographic knee OA in women warrants further investigation.
Developing Nanoceria‐Based pH‐Dependent Cancer‐Directed Drug Delivery System for Retinoblastoma
Authors: Gao Ruijuan , Mitra Rajendra Narayan , Zheng Min , Wang Kai , Dahringer Jesse Christine , Han Zongchao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDevelopment of a single combinatorial nanoplatform technology to target cancer cells has been an unprecedented reality in boosting synergistic antitumor activities and in reducing off‐target effects. An antitumor delivery system is designed using a chemotherapy drug and a tumor target molecule covalently linked to cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria). Nanoceria have a unique redox activity in that they possess antioxidant activity at physiological pH but have an intrinsic oxidase activity at acidic pH. The system is integrated with 1) extracellular pH responsive functionality, 2) tumor cell targetable (CXC chemokine receptor 4, CXCR4 receptor specific) antagonist, 3) reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducible nanoceria, and 4) chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX). These combinatorial nanoparticles (AMD–GCCNPs–DOX) are not only sensitive to the extracellular acidic pH conditions and targeted tumor cells but can also instantaneously induce ROS and release DOX intracellularly to enhance the chemotherapeutic activity in retinoblastoma cells (WERI‐Rb‐1 and Y79) and in xenograft (Y79/GFP‐luc grafted) and genetic p107s (RbLox/lox, p107+/−, p130−/−) orthotopic mice models. A lucidly engineered combinatorial nanoconstruct is introduced that offers a viable and simple strategy for delivering a cocktail of therapeutics into tumor cells under acidosis, exhibiting a promising new future for clinical therapeutic opportunities.
Elastomers with Microislands as Strain Isolating Substrates for Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Li Hangfei , Wang Zhouheng , Lu Siyuan , Ma Yinji , Feng Xue 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInorganic materials cannot be deposited perfectly on soft elastomers due to wrinkles caused by thermal mismatch in deposition, which limits heterogeneous integration for stretchable inorganic electronics. Herein, a microisland strategy is proposed to isolate the thermal strain mismatch between inorganic materials and soft elastomers, to eliminate undesirable wrinkles. Theoretical model sets up the critical dimensions of microislands to avoid wrinkling. Whether wrinkles appear with different dimensions of the microislands predicted by the theoretical model is consistent with experiments of using copper film on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. Another advantage of this strategy is to reduce the energy release rate between stiff film and soft substrate in a finite element analysis (FEA) study, which avoids delamination between the film and the substrate. Examples of light emitting diode array optoelectronic devices with microislands are presented to show their advantages with respect to designs without microislands. This strategy is suitable for any situation in which a stiff film is deposited on a soft elastomer substrate, providing a viable process for fabricating stretchable electronics and improving the device yield because there is no transfer printing process.
Learning from an Intelligent Mechanosensing System of Plants
Authors: Huynh Tan‐Phat , Haick Hossam 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMechanosensing in plants affords sensing a wide variety of mechanical stimuli (e.g., gravity, touch, wind, or turgor pressure); therefore, it helps some of them to sense, trap, and devour nutritious animals and/or track water. A glimpse on how learning from the plants' mechanosensing could be beneficial for real‐world applications in the 21st century is provided herein, starting with an overview of the molecular mechanism behind the mechanotransduction; viz., the change of Ca2+ concentration across the membrane of mechanosensory cells. Details on the mechanosensory organs that characterize the vascular plants are then presented. How scientists apply the current knowledge to plant‐mimetic mechanosensors via advanced materials and technologies is also discussed, ending with a supplementing perspective on the future of plant‐inspired mechanosensing research.
A Visible‐Light‐Promoted Metal‐Free Strategy towards Arylphosphonates: Organic‐Dye‐Catalyzed Phosphorylation of Arylhydrazines with Trialkylphosphites
Authors: Li Rui , Chen Xiaolan , Wei Shengkai , Sun Kai , Fan Lulu , Liu Yan , Qu Lingbo , Zhao Yufen , Yu Bing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA visible‐light‐induced metal‐free catalytic system was developed for the synthesis of arylphosphonates starting from arylhydrazines and trialkylphosphites. By using the inexpensive eosin B as catalyst, sub‐stoichiometric amounts of DABCO, and ambient air as oxidant, diverse arylphosphonates were obtained under visible‐light irradiation. Notably, this catalytic system is suitable for gram‐scale reaction by utilizing sunlight as an illumination source.magnified image
Solvent Controlled Transformation between Sulfonyl Hydrazides and Alkynes: Divergent Synthesis of Benzo[b]thiophene‐1,1‐dioxides and (E)‐β‐iodo Vinylsulfones
Authors: Ma Yue , Wang Kun , Zhang Dong , Sun Peng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA green, efficient and controllable transformation between sulfonyl hydrazides and alkynes leading to benzo[b]thiophene‐1,1‐dioxides and (E)‐β‐iodo vinylsulfones via radical pathway has been developed. The reaction occurs rapidly in the presence of simply H2O2 and KI without the help of any transition metal. The chemoselectivity of the reaction is determined by the solvent in which the process is performed: TFE favors the cyclic product, while H2O medium generates the iodosulfonylative product. Notably, this protocol also represents the first direct approach to the aggregation‐induced‐emmision (AIE) active benzo[b]thiophene‐1,1‐dioxides from readily available sulfonyl hydrazides and alkynes in one step.magnified image
Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyrazolone Fused Spirocyclohexeneimines via a Vinylogous Michael/Cyclization Cascade Reaction
Authors: Meninno Sara , Mazzanti Andrea , Lattanzi Alessandra 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDiastereoisomeric pyrazolone‐fused spirocyclohexenimines, bearing contiguous all‐carbon quaternary and tertiary stereocenters, are readily synthesized for the first time in good to excellent yield (up to 98%) and high enantioselectivity (up to 97% ee) via vinylogous Michael reaction/cyclization cascade reaction of α‐arylidene pyrazolones and α,α‐dicyanoalkylidenes. The formal [4+2] atom‐economical annulation proceeds with commercially available Takemoto's catalyst under mild reaction conditions. Scale‐up reaction and post‐transformation of the products were also demonstrated.magnified image
Benchmarking Computational Alchemy for Carbide, Nitride, and Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Griego Charles D. , Saravanan Karthikeyan , Keith John A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractKohn–Sham density functional theory (DFT)‐based searches for hypothetical catalysts are too computationally demanding for wide searches through diverse materials space. Here, the accuracy of computational alchemy schemes on carbides, nitrides, and oxides is assessed. With a single set of reference DFT calculations, computational alchemy approximates adsorbate binding energies (BEs) on a large number of hypothetical catalysts surfaces with negligible computational cost. Analogous to previous studies on metal alloys, computational alchemy predicts adsorbate BEs on rocksalt TiC(111), TiN(100), and TiO(100) materials, which have no bandgap, in close agreement with DFT results (with mean unsigned errors up to 0.33 eV). In contrast, it is found that semiconducting systems such as rutile TiO2(110), rutile SnO2(110), and rocksalt ZnO(100) can present more significant challenges. This work identifies these challenges being linked to the density of states at the Fermi level and by adding Pt dopants in the surface layer of TiO2, it is shown that computational alchemy can become more reliable with non‐transition metal systems. This remedy provides insight that promotes computational alchemy for broad searches for catalyst active sites through materials space beyond transition metal alloys.
Self‐Assembled Nanostructured Lipid Systems: Is There a Link between Structure and Cytotoxicity?
Authors: Tan Angel , Hong Linda , Du Joanne D. , Boyd Ben J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSelf‐assembly of lipid‐based liquid crystalline (LLC) nanoparticles is a formulation art arising from the hydrophilic–lipophilic qualities and the geometric packing of amphiphilic lipid molecules in an aqueous environment. The diversity of commercialized amphiphilic lipids and an increased understanding of the physicochemical factors dictating their membrane curvature has enabled versatile architectural design and engineering of LLC nanoparticles. While these exotic nanostructured materials are hypothesized to form the next generation of smart therapeutics for a broad field of biomedical applications, biological knowledge particularly on the systemic biocompatibility or cytotoxicity of LLC materials remains unclear. Here, an overview on the interactions between LLCs of different internal nanostructures and biological components (including soluble plasma constituents, blood cells, and isolated tissue cell lines) is provided. Factors affecting cell–nanoparticle tolerability such as the type of lipids, type of steric stabilizers, nanoparticle surface charges, and internal nanostructures (or lipid phase behaviors) are elucidated. The mechanisms of cellular uptake and lipid transfer between neighboring membrane domains are also reviewed. A critical analysis of these studies sheds light on future strategies to transform LLC materials into a viable therapeutic entity ideal for internal applications.
Bioinspired Metal Mesh Structure with Significant Electrical and Optical Properties
Authors: Sepat Neha , Sharma Vikas , Singh Satyavir , Sachdev Kanupriya 
Published: November 2018

Abstract1D metal network is one of the promising alternatives of the conventional transparent conducting electrode (TCE) viz ITO/FTO. Bioinspired fabrication of junction resistance free metal grid structures is explored for their TCE applications. The leaf‐based metal grid electrodes exhibit low DC resistivity (10−5–10−4Ω cm) and high optical transparency (80–90%) in the visible spectrum. The leaf vein structures are varied to obtain better optoelectronic properties. Finally, a multilayered stacked structure (SnO2‐Ag‐Au‐SnO2) is deposited on a poly ethyl terephthalate substrate and low‐ to high‐temperature electrical stability is demonstrated. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results are used to investigate the structural study of the leaf‐based 1D structure. A minimal variation inRsvalues is seen even after 1000 times bending for the flexible transparent structure. It is demonstrated that the specific leaf vein–based metal structures can attain good optical, electrical, and mechanical performance.
Charge and Triplet Exciton Generation in Neat PC70BM Films and Hybrid CuSCN:PC70BM Solar Cells
Authors: Karuthedath Safakath , Gorenflot Julien , Firdaus Yuliar , Sit Wai‐Yu , Eisner Flurin , Seitkhan Akmaral , Ravva Mahesh Kumar , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Laquai Frédéric 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOrganic solar cells that use only fullerenes as the photoactive material exhibit poor exciton‐to‐charge conversion efficiencies, resulting in low internal quantum efficiencies (IQE). However, the IQE can be greatly improved, when copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) is used as a carrier‐selective interlayer between the phenyl‐C70‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) layer and the anode. Efficiencies of ≈5.4% have recently been reported for optimized CuSCN:PC70BM (1:3)‐mesostructured heterojunctions, yet the reasons causing the efficiency boost remain unclear. Here, transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy is used to demonstrate that CuSCN does not only act as a carrier‐selective electrode layer, but also facilitates fullerene exciton dissociation and hole transfer at the interface with PC70BM. While intrinsic charge generation in neat PC70BM films proceeds with low yield, hybrid films exhibit much improved exciton dissociation due to the presence of abundant interfaces. Triplet generation with a rate proportional to the product of singlet and charge concentrations is observed in neat PC70BM films, implying a charge–singlet spin exchange mechanism, while in hybrid films, this mechanism is absent and triplet formation is a consequence of nongeminate recombination of free charges. At low carrier concentrations, the fraction of charges outweighs the population of triplets, leading to respectable device efficiencies under one sun illumination.
DRD4 methylation as a potential biomarker for physical aggression: An epigenome‐wide, cross‐tissue investigation
Authors: Cecil Charlotte A. M. , Walton Esther , Pingault Jean‐Baptiste , Provençal Nadine , Pappa Irene , Vitaro Frank , Côté Sylvana , Szyf Moshe , Tremblay Richard E. , Tiemeier Henning , Viding Essi , McCrory Eamon J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEpigenetic processes that regulate gene expression, such as DNA methylation (DNAm), have been linked to individual differences in physical aggression. Yet, it is currently unclear whether: (a) DNAm patterns in humans associate with physical aggression independently of other co‐occurring psychiatric and behavioral symptoms; (b) whether these patterns are observable across multiple tissues; and (c) whether they may function as a causal versus noncausal biomarker of physical aggression. Here, we used a multisample, cross‐tissue design to address these questions. First, we examined genome‐wide DNAm patterns (buccal swabs; Illumina 450k) associated with engagement in physical fights in a sample of high‐risk youth (n = 119; age = 16–24 years; 53% female). We identified one differentially methylated region in DRD4, which survived genome‐wide correction, associated with physical aggression above and beyond co‐occurring symptomatology (e.g., ADHD, substance use), and showed strong cross‐tissue concordance with both blood and brain. Second, we found that DNAm sites within this region were also differentially methylated in an independent sample of young adults, between individuals with a history of chronic‐high versus low physical aggression (peripheral T cells; ages 26–28). Finally, we ran a Mendelian randomization analysis using GWAS data from the EAGLE consortium to test for a causal association of DRD4 methylation with physical aggression. Only one genetic instrument was eligible for the analysis, and results provided no evidence for a causal association. Overall, our findings lend support for peripheral DRD4 methylation as a potential biomarker of physically aggressive behavior, with no evidence yet of a causal relationship.