bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary vein isolation in a patient with congenital pulmonary atresia: a case report
Authors: Plenge Tobias , Lüker Jakob , Sultan Arian , Steven Daniel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect characterized by pulmonary valve stenosis, ventricular septal defect (VSD), overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. In its’ extreme form, the pulmonary valve orifice does not develop during organogenesis, resulting in pulmonary atresia. We report a case of catheter ablation of symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) in a 37-year-old patient with congenital pulmonary atresia.

Case summary
The young man described paroxysmal tachycardia correlating to AF episodes in the previously implanted event recorder. Computed tomography scan described the complex anatomy with congenital pulmonary atresia, VSD, and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries. Electroanatomical mapping revealed typical pulmonary vein electrograms in a hypotrophic left atrium. Modified pulmonary vein isolation was successfully performed and non-excitability of the ablation line was reached. The patient recovered uneventfully and event recorder interrogation showed no AF recurrence after 3 months.

Discussion
Incidence of pulmonary atresia is low. Untreated survival rate is 50% after 1 year and 8% after 10 years. Tachycardia is a major cause of increased morbidity and mortality in patients with cyanotic congenital heart defects and pulmonary vein foci are described as driver for AF. Considerations preceding catheter ablation included pathophysiological mechanism, complex anatomy, atypical left atrium access, and reduced pulmonary perfusion resulting in a hypotrophic left atrium. Pulmonary veins showed typical electrograms, and isolation of pulmonary veins was feasible without adverse events.
Becker muscular dystrophy associated with sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a paediatric patient: a case report
Authors: Dolader Paola , Field Ella , Sarkozy Anna , Kaski Juan Pablo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is a neuromuscular disorder associated with myocardial involvement. The most frequent presentation is dilated cardiomyopathy. There have been isolated reports of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in association with BMD, but it is unclear whether these patients had an additional aetiology.

Case summary
A 10-year-old boy was diagnosed with BMD having presented with a history of muscular pain during exercise and elevated serum creatine kinase levels. A cardiac screening was arranged and the echocardiogram confirmed an asymmetric septal hypertrophy. Given the unusual finding of HCM in this patient with BMD, we performed genetic testing for HCM-causing mutations and identified a likely pathogenic variant in heterozygosis in the beta-myosin heavy chain gene.

Discussion
This case highlights the importance of considering additional aetiologies of cardiac disease in the presence of infrequent phenotypic expressions in neuromuscular disorders.
Temporal trends of cardiovascular health factors among 366 270 French adults
Authors: Gaye Bamba , Tajeu Gabriel S , Offredo Lucile , Vignac Maxime , Johnson Stacey , Thomas Frédérique , Jouven Xavier 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
We aimed to investigate time trends in cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics in the population at large, as well as in important subgroups.

Methods and results
In this study, we used a community-based sample of 366 270 adults from France who had a standardized examination to assess cardiovascular risk factors between 1992 and 2011 (20 years). Cardiovascular health metrics categorized into ideal, intermediate, and poor categories were computed using smoking, physical activity, body mass index, total cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure. Matching on age, sex, and depression across 5-year periods (1992–96, 1997–2001, 2002–06, and 2007–11) was performed in order to correct for the sociodemographic differences between the examinations at different periods of times. Mean age across all four time periods was 44.7 (SD 13) years and 38% (138 228) were women. Overall, few participants (≤3.5%) met all six ideal CVH metrics at any time point. The prevalence of meeting ≥5 ideal CVH metrics increased from 6.7% in 1992–96 to 15.0% in 2007–11 (P &lt; 0.001). A significant improvement in CVH (meeting ≥5 ideal CVH metrics) from 1992 to 2011 was observed among younger (from 7.5% to 16.6%) and older individuals (from 1.3% to 4.2%), men (from 4.4% to 11.8%) and women (from 10.4% to 20.1%), those with low (from 9.1% to 10.4%) and high education status (from 15% to 18.1%) and those with (from 5.1% to 12.7%) and without depressive symptoms (from 6.8% to 15.1%). However, the rate of improvement was steepest in the most affluent group in comparison with those with lower socio-economic status.

Conclusion
Overall CVH improved from 1992 until 2006 and slightly decreased between 2006 and 2011 in French adults. From 1992 until 2006, the improvement in CVH was less pronounced among those with low socio-economic status as compared to those with a higher socio-economic status.
Impact of antibiotic consumption on the carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by school children
Authors: Farkaš Maja , Čulina Tatjana , Sišul Jadranka , Pelčić Gordana , Mavrinac Martina , Mićović Vladimir , Tambić Andrašević Arjana 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Antibiotic consumption in the paediatric population is one of the key drivers of the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, which is a serious global threat to public health and clinical medicine. The aims of this study were to investigate systemic antibiotic consumption in school children and to assess the associations among antibiotic consumption, carriage rate and resistance of respiratory pathogens residing in the upper respiratory tract mucosa.

Methods
In this prospective study, throat and nasopharyngeal swabs from 450 school children, 6–15 years of age (225 healthy children and 225 patients who were ambulatory treated for upper respiratory tract infection), were processed in 2014 in Rijeka, Croatia, and clinical data were obtained via a questionnaire.

Results
In total, 17% of the children had consumed an antibiotic in the previous 6 months, including 7% of the healthy children and 27% of the acutely ill patients. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were amoxicillin (26%), amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (26%) and macrolides (18%). Respiratory pathogens were more frequently isolated from children who had consumed an antibiotic in the previous 6 months [odds ratio (OR) 3.67, P &lt; 0.001]. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were also more frequent in children who had been exposed to antibiotics (OR 5.44, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Penicillins are the most frequently used antibiotics among school children. The results of this study demonstrate that antibiotic consumption is linked with higher carriage rates and resistance rates of respiratory tract pathogens. Therefore, rational use of antibiotics could prevent the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria.
A computational method for earthquake cycles within anisotropic media
Authors: Best Mckay Maricela , Erickson Brittany A , Kozdon Jeremy E 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYWe present a numerical method for the simulation of earthquake cycles on a 1-D fault interface embedded in a 2-D homogeneous, anisotropic elastic solid. The fault is governed by an experimentally motivated friction law known as rate-and-state friction which furnishes a set of ordinary differential equations which couple the interface to the surrounding volume. Time enters the problem through the evolution of the ordinary differential equations along the fault and provides boundary conditions for the volume, which is governed by quasi-static elasticity. We develop a time-stepping method which accounts for the interface/volume coupling and requires solving an elliptic partial differential equation for the volume response at each time step. The 2-D volume is discretized with a second-order accurate finite difference method satisfying the summation-by-parts property, with boundary and fault interface conditions enforced weakly. This framework leads to a provably stable semi-discretization. To mimic slow tectonic loading, the remote side-boundaries are displaced at a slow rate, which eventually leads to earthquake nucleation at the fault. Time stepping is based on an adaptive, fourth-order Runge–Kutta method and captures the highly varying timescales present. The method is verified with convergence tests for both the orthotropic and fully anisotropic cases. An initial parameter study reveals regions of parameter space where the systems experience a bifurcation from period one to period two behaviour. Additionally, we find that anisotropy influences the recurrence interval between earthquakes, as well as the emergence of aseismic transients and the nucleation zone size and depth of earthquakes.
The contradictions between Canadian capitalist processes and youth mental health: implications for mental health promotion
Authors: Laliberte Shari , Varcoe Colleen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Understanding how socio-economic processes inter-relate with young people’s mental health is important to inform the development of responsive mental health promotion initiatives. Thirty diverse Canadian young people were engaged within a process of social praxis, underpinned by a historical-dialectical ontological perspective, to explore the inter-relation among socio-economic processes and youth mental health and implications for mental health promotion initiatives. Findings show several inter-related contradictory processes within two overarching contradictory dynamics that Canadian youth are navigating as they seek to realize their mental health needs. The first overarching contradictory dynamic is between monetized, private, individualistic, profit-oriented economic processes and young people’s need for resources, freedom and time, and inclusive social spaces to enable their mental health needs. Participants’ descriptions of their approaches to seeking to realize their mental health needs in this context reflects a second inter-related overarching contradiction between communal and individual approaches to enabling young people’s mental health needs. In this context, young people are oriented inward to meet their mental health needs at the individual and inter-personal level, despite the crucial role of socio-economic processes to enabling their mental health needs. Despite varied access to resources, all participants struggled to balance meeting their mental health needs. Implications of these findings entail the need to focus on promoting synergistic relations among young people and socio-economic processes whereby enabling universal access to resources for young people’s survival, physical health and comfort is foundational to multi-level mental health promotion initiatives.
Nehari’s Theorem for Convex Domain Hankel and Toeplitz Operators in Several Variables
Authors: Carlsson Marcus , Perfekt Karl-Mikael 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We prove Nehari’s theorem for integral Hankel and Toeplitz operators on simple convex polytopes in several variables. A special case of the theorem, generalizing the boundedness criterion of the Hankel and Toeplitz operators on the Paley–Wiener space, reads as follows. Let $\Xi = (0,1)^d$ be a $d$-dimensional cube, and for a distribution $f$ on $2\Xi $, consider the Hankel operator $$\Gamma_f (g)(x)=\int_{\Xi} f(x+y) g(y) \, dy, \quad x \in\Xi.$$
Then $\Gamma _f$ extends to a bounded operator on $L^2(\Xi )$ if and only if there is a bounded function $b$ on ${{\mathbb{R}}}^d$ whose Fourier transform coincides with $f$ on $2\Xi $. This special case has an immediate application in matrix extension theory: every finite multilevel block Toeplitz matrix can be boundedly extended to an infinite multilevel block Toeplitz matrix. In particular, block Toeplitz operators with blocks that are themselves Toeplitz can be extended to bounded infinite block Toeplitz operators with Toeplitz blocks.
Anxiety and depression are associated with lower preoperative quality of life and function but not duration of symptoms in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Authors: Jochimsen Kate N , Magnuson Justin A , Kocan Kelsea R , Mattacola Carl G , Noehren Brian , Duncan Stephen T , Jacobs Cale A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and to compare duration of symptoms (DOS), hip morphology and self-reported pain and function between patients with and without anxiety or depression. From our Institutional Review Board approved registry, we identified 127 consecutive participants [94F/33M; age = 35.2 ± 12.1 years; body mass index (BMI) = 26.8 ± 5.6 kg/m2] scheduled for primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS. Anxiety and depression were recorded based on medical chart diagnoses or anti-depressive/anti-anxiety prescriptions. Alpha angle, lateral center edge angle and DOS were recorded, and the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) was completed. Groups were compared using Mann–Whitney U tests, and categorical variables were compared using Fisher’s exact tests. Overall, 45 of 127 participants (35.4%) (94F/33M; age = 35.2 ± 12.1 years; BMI = 26.8 ± 5.6 kg/m2) had anxiety or depression. DOS and bony morphology did not differ between groups (P = 0.11–0.21). Participants with anxiety or depression were older (P = 0.03) and had worse HOOS QOL (21.4 ± 18.4; 30.7 ± 19.6; P = 0.006; 95% CI 2.4–16.3) and HOOS sport (25.6 ± 17.8, 34 ± 21.1, P = 0.03, 95% CI 1.4–15.4). More than one third of participants presented with anxiety or depression. Self-reported quality of life and function were worse for these participants, but neither symptom chronicity nor bony morphology differed. Concomitant anxiety or depression should be considered when counseling patients with FAIS. Adjunct interventions as well genetic and/or developmental factors that may contribute to the high prevalence should be examined.
WEE1 inhibition enhances sensitivity to hypoxia/reoxygenation in HeLa cells
Authors: Goto Tatsuaki , Homma Hisao , Kaida Atsushi , Miura Masahiko 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment reportedly induces DNA damage response (DDR), including DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and G2 arrest, resulting in reduction of clonogenic survival. Because WEE1 plays a key role in the G2/M checkpoint along with CHK1/2, we investigated the effect of WEE1 inhibition on H/R-induced DDR using HeLa cells. The H/R treatment combined with WEE1 inhibitor abrogated G2 arrest, subsequently leading to the cells entering the M phase, and finally resulting in mitotic catastrophe after prolonged mitosis. Colony-forming assay showed an enhanced decrease in the surviving fraction and the focus formation of BRCA1 was significantly reduced. We demonstrate for the first time that WEE1 inhibition enhances H/R-induced cell death accompanied by mitotic catastrophe and that the process may be mediated by homologous recombination.
Affect, Behavior, Cognition, and Development
Authors: Ward Colleen , Szabó Ágnes 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The chapter reviews the major theoretical perspectives on acculturation and adaptation with their varying emphases on affect, behavior, cognition and development. Frameworks for elucidating Stress and Coping; Culture Learning; Cultural Orientations and Intercultural Relations; and Developmental Processes are discussed. Key conceptual and measurement issues are identified, empirical research is summarized and critically analyzed, and recommendations for advancing acculturation theory and research are presented for each approach. Finally, the chapter concludes that each of these approaches offers unique insights and that taken together, they provide a comprehensive perspective on acculturation processes and outcomes.
Exemplars of Kingship
Authors: Eppihimer Melissa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Akkadian kings (ca. 2334–2154 bce) created the first territorial state in the ancient Near East and were remembered as model kings for more than two millennia thereafter. Exemplars of Kingship: Art, Tradition, and the Legacy of the Akkadians evaluates how later rulers engaged with Akkadian visual models and memories of Akkadian kingship in their own images. Through analyses of post-Akkadian victory monuments, votive statues, cylinder seals, and other works of art, the book explores the intersection of visual traditions and cultural memory in ancient Mesopotamia. Exemplars of Kingship also deconstructs the modern reception of Akkadian art to reveal its impact on our perception of ancient responses to Akkadian art and kingship.
Gendered Citizenship
Authors: Behl Natasha 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
It has been shown time and again that even though all citizens may be accorded equal standing in the constitution of a liberal democracy, such a legal provision hardly guarantees state protections against discrimination and political exclusion. More specifically, why do we find pervasive gender-based discrimination, exclusion, and violence in India when the Indian Constitution supports an inclusive democracy committed to gender and caste equality?
Strange loops of attention, awareness, action, and affect in musical improvisation
Authors: Borgo David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter champions the notion of ‘strange’, paradoxical, level-crossing feedback loops as a means to address the shortcomings of information-processing approaches to cognition, especially as applied to musical improvisation. It highlights the inherent challenges of studying improvisation and consciousness, and suggests ways that embodied and enactive theories of cognition, and emerging ideas in predictive processing and social psychology, may offer productive ways to understand mind and consciousness, and the dynamics of collective musical improvisation. Improvising music together, the chapter argues, involves joint action, embodied coordination, collective attention, and shared intention in ways that challenge conventional understandings of cognition and consciousness.
Music, phenomenology, and the ‘natural attitude’: Analysing Sibelius, thinking with Husserl, reflecting on Dennett
Authors: Clarke David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the intersection of music and phenomenology as potentially fertile ground for the study of consciousness. Taking the philosophy of Edmund Husserl as a touchstone, and the Violin Concerto, Op. 47 of Jean Sibelius as a case study, the chapter considers how phenomenological concepts such as epoché, noesis, eidos, and the transcendental subject all find resonances within a formal analysis of this musical work. The chapter also juxtaposes Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology and his critique of the ‘natural attitude’ against Daniel Dennett’s physicalist account of consciousness and Wilfrid Sellars’ concept of the ‘scientific image’. In negotiating a pathway between these positions, the chapter considers whether music—and its determination of an autonomous aesthetic sphere—may offer a productive alternative perspective to the often competing claims of philosophy and science in our understanding of consciousness.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer's Christian Humanism
Authors: Zimmermann Jens 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Based on a comprehensive reading of his entire work, in this book Jens Zimmermann presents Bonhoeffer’s theological ethos as a Christian humanism, that is, as an understanding of the gospel rooted in apostolic and patristic writers who believed God to have renewed humanity in the incarnation. The heartbeat of Bonhoeffer’s Christianity that unifies and motivates his theological writing, his preaching, and his political convictions, including his opposition to the Nazi regime, is the conviction that Christianity as participation in the new humanity established by Christ is about becoming fully human by becoming Christlike. In eight chapters, the author details Bonhoeffer’s humanistic theology following from this incarnational starting point: a Christ-centered anthropology that shows a deep kinship with patristic Christology, a hermeneutically structured theology, an ethic focused on Christ-formation, a biblical hermeneutic centered on God’s transforming presence, and a theological politics aimed at human flourishing. In offering a comprehensive reading of his theology as Christian humanism, Zimmermann not only places Bonhoeffer in the context of the patristic and greater Christian tradition but also makes apparent the relevance of Bonhoeffer’s thought for a number of contemporary concerns: hermeneutic theory, the theological interpretation of the Bible, the relation of reason to faith, the importance of natural law, and the significance of religion for secular societies. Bonhoeffer turns out to be a Christian humanist and a modern theologian who models the deeply orthodox and yet ecumenical, expansive Christianity demanded by our time.
Anti-constitutional Populist Backsliding
Authors: Sadurski Wojciech 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter provides a general overview of the post-2015 changes in the Polish state. It demonstrates that they proceeded in an incremental way, without any clear ‘breaking point’. The most nefarious consequences stemmed from the cumulative effects of different changes, often with formal institutions intact, but which were hollowed out of their original function as checks and balances on the legislative and executive branches. Largely, it emulates similar changes in Hungary, except that in Poland, the ruling party has no majority sufficient to pass through constitutional changes. The chapter further argues that, overall, the negative transformation can be described by using three characteristics. First, it is unconstitutional because there have been multiple breaches of express constitutional provisions, constitutional conventions have been disregarded, the constitutional structure has been amended through statutory changes, and the real centre of political power is different from that constitutionally designed. Second, it is populist, in that the ruling elite cares a great deal about popular support, and uses traditional populist devices such as pretending to speak on behalf of the whole nation, and dismantles various institutional mechanisms of the separation of powers. Third, it constitutes backsliding, because trajectory and path-dependence are crucial to understanding Poland’s current state.
Before the Breakdown: 1989–2015
Authors: Sadurski Wojciech 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses how the recent changes in Polish constitutionalism should be seen against the background of post-communist transformations, after the fall of communism in 1989. It notes that the Round Table agreements of that year were a true constitutional set-up, and were marked by a bargain that enabled a peaceful transition. Bicameralism and semi-presidentialism have their roots in this original compromise. In contrast to many other post-communist states, the chapter shows how the process of constitution-making in Poland was drawn out. Until the Constitution of 1997, the country’s constitutional structure consisted of (1) the constitutional arrangements of the Round Table, (2) the ‘Small Constitution’, and (3) the case law of the reinvigorated Constitutional Tribunal. The process of constitution-making was as important as its outcome, and was marked by multiple compromises. The Constitution of 1997 is then described, with its special emphasis on semi-presidentialism, state-church relations, and a bill of rights containing ‘generous’ socio-economic rights. The first period of Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (PiS)) rule, in 2005–7, was marked by various hostile acts against this constitutional structure, but with no attempts at institutional dismantlement. Between 2005 and 2015, and especially after 2010, a growing political polarization was displayed, consequently weakening the constitutional consensus.