bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridging the Gender Digital Gap
Authors: Mariscal Judith , Mayne Gloria , Aneja Urvashi , Sorgner Alina 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Despite the headway the world has experienced over the last couple of years in terms of a substantial increase in digital access, there are still significant challenges to overcome in ensuring women are included in the transformation to a digital society, which in turn will enhance productivity and social development. Efforts to increase internet adoption access through broadband plans and legislative reforms have yielded improvements in use and adoption. However, there is still a stark and pervasive gender inequality in terms of access, ownership of digital devices, digital fluency as well as the capacity to make meaningful use of the access to technology. Even though affordability is a key source of exclusion, there are also significant socio-cultural norms that restrict access for women. This paper brings forward the argument that access alone is not enough, women need agency and capacity to leverage access. The authors thus highlight the need to make an assessment of the global gender gap and develop meaningful indicators that contribute to the design and implementation of effective policies that drive adoption. We need effective promotion of women´s digital adoption not only from the government but also from the private sector and civil society in order to lead the digital adoption of best practices for women around the world.
Trauma and Theology: Prospects and Limits in Light of the Cross
Authors: Scarsella Hilary Jerome 
Published: January 2019

The discipline of Christian theology is itself formed around the traumatic narrative of Jesus’ crucifixion. Investigating trauma in order to provide useful accompaniment to trauma survivors is, therefore, theology’s starting point, not a secondary interest. Holding the narrative of crucifixion at its center, this chapter asks whether a discipline constructed in response to traumatic rupture is bound to exacerbate systems of retraumatization or has the potential to empower trauma survivors toward recovery. Building upon the scholarship of late 20th and 21st century womanist and feminist theologians and the significant risk of retraumatization, it engages contemporary psychoanalytic trauma theorists to argue that theology's strength with respect to trauma and contribution to the interdisciplinary task of supporting trauma survivors is its potential as a holding space for diverse stories of both traumatic rupture and recovery.
The impact of proliferation and cancer stem cell upon the resistence to chemotherapy in salivary mucopepidermoid carcinoma
Authors: Esmaeil Doaa A M , Ahmed Rehab Allah , Mourad Mohamed I , Gaballah Essam T 
Published: January 2019

Background and aim: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a common salivary tumor that affects both adults and children. Proliferation is one of the most fundamental biological processes of growth and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. CD-44 may be used as an indicator of aggressive behavior of some human malignancy. Multidrug resistance is one of the major obstacles for successful cancer chemotherapy. The present study was carried out for evaluation of the biological rules and the clinicopathological significance of Ki-67, CD-44 and MDR-1 expression in the different histopathological grades of MECs.Patients and methods: Eighty paraffin embedded MEC tissues were collected and classified to three groups according to their histological grades. Tissue sections were stained with Ki-67, CD-44 and MDR-1 then examined microscopically and analyzedstatistically.Result: High grade MEC cases showed the highest expression for Ki-67, CD-44 and MDR-1. Additionally, significant differences were found between the histopathological grades as well as between lymph node stages of the studied cases and the expression of the three utilized markers.Conclusion: Ki-67, CD-44 and MDR-1can be used to evaluate the degree of differentiation and to predict the prognosis of MECs, furthermore, high grade MEC cases with high proliferative indices might be resistant to chemotherapy.
Ako skúmať voľby v priestore mesta: prípad snemovných volieb 2017 v Prahe
Authors: Kerekes Daniel 
Published: January 2019

The study uses the 2017 parliamentary elections results to analyses spatial patterns of votes in the city of Prague. A unique approach combining contextual and compositional data is introduced. Census data and data indicating the quality of life are reassigned to a shared entity – an address point, and analysed via automatic linear modelling. The model explained 69 % of spatial variance of votes share for the conservative TOP 09 party and the winning ANO 2011 movement, but only 19 % for the Pirate Party and the Mayors and Independence movement. Future research might focus on finding variables which would explain spatial variance of these parties’ vote shares. Abother possibility is the development of a methodology for studying votes spatiality within urban areas, in order to develop a robust theory.
Partial state capture by a single oligarchic group: The Gorilla Case in Slovakia
Authors: Školkay Andrej 
Published: January 2019

The article discusses the Gorilla case, an officially still-contested partial state capture by a single local oligarchic group, in line with the (partial) Elite Cartels corruption pattern in Slovakia. Due to the manner in which evidence, although considered unofficial, was made available, this case illustrates secret political and business processes during partial state capture. The initial absence of the case in public, political, and academic discourses, suggests that state capture can be present and operate undetected for a long time. This study also shows that in-depth analysis of the Gorilla case was avoided by both domestic and international political scientists, despite its paramount practical and theoretical importance. This, in turn, reflects a methodological capture of political science. Consequently, this article disentangles the complexities of the Gorilla case and lays down the foundation for further studies. Specifically, it highlights the need for more careful research, terminological precision in both theory-building and empirical findings on state and media capture based on case studies, as well as re-assessment of the methodology of political sciences used in these research areas.
Contemplating the voice apparatus - AGF’s Source Voice at the limits of ‘poemproducing’
Authors: Angelucci Malcolm 
Published: January 2019

This article is a study of the nexus between voice, technology and vocal enunciation in the work of AGF (aka Antye Greie-Ripatti), an electronic musician, producer, composer and singer based in Hailuoto, Finland. It offers a definition of AGF’s ‘poemproducing’, a technique, practice and poetic that radically challenges the centrality of ‘human’ and embodied voice in enunciation and instead thinks voice as immediately entangled in the complex web of a natural/cultural linguistic/technological apparatus. Starting from this definition, the article discusses the aesthetic and political consequences of this approach, focussing on its most radical example the album Source Voice (2013), read through Giorgio Agamben’s definition of gesture and means without ends.
Seasonal changes of commercial traits, proximate and fatty acid compositions of the scallopFlexopecten glaberfrom the Mediterranean Sea (Southern Italy)
Authors: Prato Ermelinda , Biandolino Francesca , Parlapiano Isabella , Papa Loredana , Denti Giuseppe , Fanelli Giovanni 
Published: January 2019

This study provides information on biological (gonadosomatic index), commercial quality (condition index and meat yield) and biochemical aspects (proximate composition, fatty acids) of the soft tissues ofFlexopecten glaberreared in suspended cages in the Ionian Sea. The results showed that condition index (CI) and meat yield (MY) peaked in December (60 and 30%, respectively) and in April, May and June (from 53 to 60% for CI and from 34 to 36% for MY). Gonadosomatic index showed three main peaks in winter, spring and summer months. Contents of protein 8.18–11.9 g/100 g), lipid (0,.78–1.18 g/100 g) and carbohydrate (1.19–3.30 g/100 g) varied significantly during the study period. Saturated fatty acids was the dominant group, except in December when polyunsaturated fatty acids showed the highest proportion (43% of total FAs). Fatty acids of the n3 group were dominant with docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids. Highest n3/n6 ratios were recorded in spring-summer specimens, with values > of 5. The results showed a better nutritional quality of scallops in May, July and December.
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI DINAS PEMUDA, OLAHRAGA, KEBUDAYAAN DAN PARIWISATA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PARIWISATA DI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: Maudyakasih Prabawati Yusandra , Nuraeni Reni 
Published: January 2019

Kabupaten Banyumas memiliki banyak potensi wisata untuk dibangun dan dikembangkan menjadi daerah wisata dan festival kebudayaan. Untuk itu diperlukan strategi komunikasi untuk merencanakan dan manajemen komunikasi agar masyarakat datang berwisata ke Kabupaten Banyumas. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis strategi komunikasi dalam meningkatkan pariwisata di Kabupaten Banyumas. Objek penelitian dilakukan pada DINPORABUDPAR Kabupaten Banyumas. Penelitian ini menggunakan model strategi komunikasi menurut Cangara. Paradigma penelitian yang digunakan merupakan paradigma konstruktivis. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa DINPORABUDPAR Kabupaten Banyumas mencari fakta mengenai lingkungan atau latar belakang masyarakat kemudian melakukan riset bedasarkan teori-teori yang ada; membentuk tim PPID dan mengikutsertakan para Blogger lokal untuk ikut mempromosikan wisata yang ada melalui media online; memposting konten mengenai wisata yang ada di Kabupaten Banyumas; mengukur jumlah wisatawan yang datang disetiap objek wisata dan event; setiap objek wisata memberikan laporan untuk dilakukan perekapan data untuk laporan jumlah wisatawan di setiap tahunnya
A strategy for the reduction of formaldehyde concentration in a hospital pathology laboratory
Authors: Ogawa Masanori , Kabe Isamu , Terauchi Yasuhiro , Tanaka Shigeru 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Formaldehyde is routinely used in pathology laboratories. The threshold limit value of formaldehyde determined by American and Japanese organizations is 0.1 ppm, which is similar to the indoor air quality guideline value (0.08 ppm). Therefore, maintaining low formaldehyde concentrations in the workplace is imperative. The purpose of this study was to reduce the concentration of formaldehyde in a hospital pathology laboratory, in which approximately 15 000 pathological diagnoses are conducted yearly, using hardware and software interventions.

Methods
Although this laboratory had various ventilation systems, the formaldehyde concentration was high. Based on the Japanese work environment measurement system, the workplace was categorized as control class III, suggesting that improvements to workplace conditions were required. First, engineering controls were implemented and workers were asked not to block the ventilation system and not to keep waste fluid tanks open. However, the workplace required further improvement. Next, using a video camera and a formaldehyde detector, we attempted to visually educate workers about how much formaldehyde is emitted from the sample container based on the type of action undertaken.

Results
After the first intervention, the workplace improved to control class II. Control class II indicates that the workplace condition is between classes I and III; a good workplace condition is classified as class I. Although the work environment was still categorized as control class II after the second intervention, this intervention led to the further improvements.

Conclusions
The hardware and software interventions and safe working habits were effective in improving the work environment.
Direct methyl esterification with 2,2-dimethoxypropane for the simultaneous determination of urinary metabolites of toluene, xylene, styrene, and ethylbenzene by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Takeuchi Akito , Namera Akira , Sakui Norihiro , Yamamoto Shinobu , Yamamuro Kenji , Nishinoiri Osamu , Endo Yoko , Endo Ginji 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to develop a simple and accurate gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for simultaneous determination of four urinary metabolites from four organic solvents, that is, hippuric acid (HA) from toluene, methylhippuric acid (MHA) from xylene, and mandelic acid (MA) and phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) from styrene or ethylbenzene for biological monitoring.

Methods
The four metabolites were directly methyl-esterified with 2,2-dimethoxypropane and analyzed using GC-MS. The proposed method was validated according to the US Food and Drug Administration guidance. The accuracy of the proposed method was confirmed by analyzing a ClinChek®—Control for occupational medicine (RECIPE Chemicals +Instruments GmbH).

Results
Calibration curves showed linearity in the concentration range of 10-1000 mg/L for each metabolite, with correlation coefficients &gt;0.999. For each metabolite, the limits of detection and quantification were 3 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively. The recovery was 93%-117%, intraday accuracy, expressed as the deviation from the nominal value, was 92.7%-103.0%, and intraday precision, expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD), was 1.3%-4.7%. Interday accuracy and precision were 93.4%-104.0% and 1.2%-9.5%, respectively. The analytical values of ClinChek obtained using the proposed method were sufficiently accurate.

Conclusions
The proposed method is a simple and accurate which is suitable for routine analyses that could be used for biological monitoring of occupational exposure to four organic solvents.
Fluctuation of primary motor cortex excitability during cataplexy in narcolepsy
Authors: Huang Bei , Qian Zhenying , Wang Zongwen , Zhang Jihui , Chen Kun , Xu Tao , Wang Jijun , Cechetto David F. , Zhao Zhongxin , Wu Huijuan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveCataplexy is a complicated and dynamic process in narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) patients. This study aimed to clarify the distinct stages during a cataplectic attack and identify the changes of the primary motor cortex (PMC) excitability during these stages.MethodsThirty‐five patients with NT1 and 29 healthy controls were recruited to this study. Cataplectic stages were distinguished from a cataplectic attack by video‐polysomnogram monitoring. Transcranial magnetic stimulation motor‐evoked potential (TMS‐MEP) was performed to measure the excitability of PMC during quiet wakefulness, laughter without cataplexy, and each cataplectic stage.ResultsBased on the video and electromyogram observations, a typical cataplectic attack (CA) process is divided into four stages: triggering (CA1), resisting (CA2), atonic (CA3), and recovering stages (CA4). Compared with healthy controls, NT1 patients showed significantly decreased intracortical facilitation during quiet wakefulness. During the laughter stage, both patients and controls showed increased MEP amplitude compared with quiet wakefulness. The MEP amplitude significantly increased even higher in CA1 and 2, and then dramatically decreased in CA3 accompanied with prolonged MEP latency compared with the laughter stage and quiet wakefulness. The MEP amplitude and latency gradually recovered during CA4.InterpretationThis study identifies four stages during cataplectic attack and reveals the existence of a resisting stage that might change the process of cataplexy. The fluctuation of MEP amplitude and MEP latency shows a potential participation of PMC and motor control pathway during cataplexy, and the increased MEP amplitude during CA1 and 2 strongly implies a compensatory mechanism in motor control that may resist or avoid cataplectic attack.
Surface Regulation Towards Stimuli‐Responsive Luminescence of Ultrasmall Thiolated Gold Nanoparticles for Ratiometric Imaging
Authors: Chen Ying , Li Libo , Gong Lingshan , Zhou Tingyao , Liu Jinbin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe surface chemistry of the ultrasmall thiolated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, < 3.0 nm) plays key roles in both governing the intrinsic emission and establishing interfaces surrounded by various amine‐containing biomolecules in the biomedical applications such as imaging, targeting, and diagnostics. However, a fundamental understanding of the surface ligand's role in the stimuli‐responsive emissions of AuNPs toward the amine molecules is currently lacking. Here, through investigation of the thiolate surface and exotic amine structures, it is discovered that the nucleophilic amines tend to closely bind the electrophilic gold surface, generating a high‐energy stimuli‐responsive emission from the low‐energy intrinsically emitting AuNPs. Both the intrinsic and stimuli‐responsive emissions show a unique amine concentration‐dependent ratiometric pattern for quantitative assessments of important biogenic amines in the biological samples. This discovery opens a new pathway to the design of stimuli‐responsive AuNPs, and would promote more experimental and theoretical research on the application‐driven surface engineering for advanced biological applications.
Degradation Mechanism and Stability Improvement Strategy for an Organic Laser Gain Material 4,4′‐Bis[(N‐carbazole)styryl]biphenyl (BSBCz)
Authors: Matsushima Toshinori , Yoshida Seiya , Inada Ko , Esaki Yu , Fukunaga Toshiya , Mieno Hiroyuki , Nakamura Nozomi , Bencheikh Fatima , Leyden Matthew R. , Komatsu Ryutaro , Qin Chuanjiang , Sandanayaka Atula S. D. , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe organic material 4,4′‐bis[(N‐carbazole)styryl]biphenyl (BSBCz) is an excellent gain medium for laser devices. However, BSBCz laser output quickly degrades during photoexcitation, which is an issue that must be overcome before it can be used for practical applications. In this study, the photodegradation mechanisms of BSBCz are investigated with the aim of enhancing its excited‐state stability. The photodegradation of BSBCz is attributed to instability of the triplet excited states that would occasionally decompose into other species. This decomposition reduces absorption and introduces exciton quenchers. Incorporating the triplet managing material 9,10‐di(naphtha‐2‐yl)anthracene (ADN) into BSBCz films greatly improves photoluminescence and amplified spontaneous emission stability because of the effective removal of the unstable triplets by ADN. This triplet managing method makes it possible to increase operational stability for BSBCz‐based organic light‐emitting diodes. Therefore, these results will contribute toward the fabrication of stable optically and electrically pumped organic laser diodes.
Plasmon‐Enhanced Fluorescent Sensor based on Aggregation‐Induced Emission for the Study of Protein Conformational Transformation
Authors: Cui Yanyun , Yuan Chang , Tan Hongwei , Zhang Zhanbin , Jia Yijing , Na Na , Ouyang Jin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe alteration in protein conformation not only affects the performance of its biological functions, but also leads to a variety of protein‐mediated diseases. Developing a sensitive strategy for protein detection and monitoring its conformation changes is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of protein conformation diseases. Herein, a plasmon‐enhanced fluorescence (PEF) sensor is developed, based on an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) molecule to monitor conformational changes in protein, using prion protein as a model. Three anthracene derivatives with AIE characteristics are synthesized and a water‐miscible sulfonate salt of 9,10‐bis(2‐(6‐sulfonaphthalen‐2‐yl)vinyl)anthracene (BSNVA) is selected to construct the PEF–AIE sensor. The sensor is nearly non‐emissive when it is mixed with cellular prion protein while emits fluorescence when mixed with disease‐associated prion protein (PrPSc). The kinetic process of conformational conversion can be monitored through the fluorescence changes of the PEF–AIE sensor. By right of the amplified fluorescence signal, this PEF–AIE sensor can achieve a detection limit 10 pM lower than the traditional AIE probe and exhibit a good performance in human serum sample. Furthermore, molecular docking simulations suggest that BSNVA tends to dock in the β‐sheet structure of PrP by hydrophobic interaction between BSNVA and the exposed hydrophobic residues.
Nanotopography‐Induced Unfolding of Fibrinogen Modulates Leukocyte Binding and Activation
Authors: Visalakshan Rahul M. , Cavallaro Alex A. , MacGregor Melanie N. , Lawrence Emma P. , Koynov Kaloian , Hayball John D. , Vasilev Krasimir 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSurface nanotopograpy has been recognized as an important regulator of cellular responses including those of immune cells, the latter being of particular importance for implantable materials since these can determine biomaterial fate. In this paper, evidence is provided that the scale of surface nanotopography modulates the conformation of attached serum proteins, which in turn controls immune cell adhesion and activation. Model surfaces of tailored nanotopography of heights of 16, 38, and 68 nm are created by covalent immobilization of gold nanoparticles to an oxazoline‐rich plasma polymer film. This strategy not only produces surfaces of tailored nanofeature density but allows control of the outermost surface chemistry. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and Mac‐1 positive THP‐1 monocytes studies demonstrate distinct protein unfolding patterns, which upregulate or downregulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cells attachment. The findings presented in this paper shed light on the missing relationship between surface nanotopography, protein unfolding, and the immune response. On the other hand, this work demonstrates the possibility to use specifically tailored surface nanotoporaphy scales to modulate and achieve desired immune responses.
Separating Crystallization Process of P3HT and O‐IDTBR to Construct Highly Crystalline Interpenetrating Network with Optimized Vertical Phase Separation
Authors: Liang Qiuju , Jiao Xuechen , Yan Ye , Xie Zhiyuan , Lu Guanghao , Liu Jiangang , Han Yanchun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe morphology with the interpenetrating network and optimized vertical phase separation plays a key role in determining the charge transport and collection in polymer:nonfullerene small molecular acceptors (SMAs) solar cells. However, the crystallization of polymer and SMAs usually occurs simultaneously during film‐forming, thus interfering with the crystallization process of each other, leading to amorphous film with undesirable lateral and vertical phase separation. The poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT):O‐IDTBR blend is selected as a model system, and controlling film‐forming kinetics to solve these problems is proposed. Herein, a cosolvent 1,2,4‐triclorobenzene (TCB) with selective solubility and a high boiling point is added to the solution, leading to prior crystallization of P3HT and extended film‐forming duration. As a result, the crystallinity of both components is enhanced significantly. Meanwhile, the prior crystallization of P3HT induces solid–liquid phase separation, hence rationalizing the formation of the nano‐interpenetrating network. Moreover, the surface energy drives O‐IDTBR to enrich near the cathode and P3HT to migrate to the anode. Consequently, a highly crystalline nano‐interpenetrating network with proper vertical phase separation is obtained. The optimal morphology improves charge transport and suppresses bimolecular recombination, boosting the power conversion efficiency from 4.45% to 7.18%, which is the highest performance in P3HT‐based binary nonfullerene solar cells.