bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atopic dermatitis shows significant cutaneous comorbidity: results from large‐scale investigations in the working population
Authors: Zander N. , Augustin M. , Reinert R. , Schäfer I. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases of the skin. Rare large‐scale data have been published on the prevalence of concomitant dermatoses.ObjectiveTo analyse the prevalence and cutaneous comorbidity of AD in Germany.MethodsA cross‐sectional study on voluntary whole‐body skin checks by trained dermatologists in over 400 companies throughout Germany reflecting the adult working population was conducted. Prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated to compare dermatological comorbidity in employees with and without current AD. A logistic regression analysis controlling for age, sex and skin type revealed odds ratios (OR) of the occurrence of skin diseases in AD.ResultsA total of N = 118 939 people were examined between 2006 and 2017 (43.2% female, mean age 43.2 ± 10.7 years, min. age 16 years, max. age 70 years). AD (point prevalence) was identified in 1.45% (men: 1.50%, women 1.39%) and decreased significantly with age. Self‐reported lifetime prevalence of AD was 4.95% (men: 3.72%, women: 6.55%). The following skin diseases were significantly more frequent in people with current AD: Contact dermatitis (PR: 3.38), hand eczema (PR: 4.62), exsiccation dermatosis (PR: 2.19), folliculitis (PR: 1.95) and port‐wine stains (PR: 1.49). Among those, folliculitis was the most frequent (prevalence in AD 16.42%). Controlled for age, sex and skin type, AD was significantly associated with – among others – hand eczema (OR: 3.96; 95% CI: 2.95–5.32), contact dermatitis (OR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.50–5.88) and exsiccation dermatosis (OR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.30–2.44). Psoriasis was significantly less frequent in people with AD (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.39–0.94).ConclusionIn summary, cutaneous comorbidity is frequent and of great importance in people with AD, suggesting the need for comprehensive, dermatologically guided diagnostics in AD.
Measuring Effects of Nondrug Interventions on Behaviors: Music & Memory Pilot Study
Authors: McCreedy Ellen M. , Yang Xiaofei , Baier Rosa R. , Rudolph James L. , Thomas Kali S. , Mor Vincent 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESMost people with Alzheimer disease and related dementias will experience agitated and/or aggressive behaviors during the later stages of the disease. These behaviors cause significant stress for people living with dementia and their caregivers, including nursing home (NH) staff. Addressing these behaviors without the use of chemical restraints is a growing focus of policy makers and professional organizations. Unfortunately, evidence for nonpharmacological strategies for addressing dementia‐related behaviors is lacking.DESIGNSix‐month, preintervention‐postintervention pilot study.SETTINGUS NHs (n = 4).PARTICIPANTSResidents with advanced dementia (n = 45).INTERVENTIONMusic & Memory, an individualized music program in which the music a resident preferred when she/he was young is delivered at early signs of agitation, using a personal music player.MEASUREMENTSDementia‐related behaviors for the same residents were measured three ways: (1) observationally using the Agitation Behavior Mapping Instrument (ABMI); (2) staff report using the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI); and (3) administratively using the Minimum Data Set–Aggressive Behavior Scale (MDS‐ABS).RESULTSABMI score was 4.1 (SD = 3.0) preintervention while not listening to the music, 4.4 (SD = 2.3) postintervention while not listening to the music, and 1.6 (SD = 1.5) postintervention while listening to music (P < .01). CMAI score was 61.2 (SD = 16.3) preintervention and 51.2 (SD = 16.1) postintervention (P < .01). MDS‐ABS score was 0.8 (SD = 1.6) preintervention and 0.7 (SD = 1.4) postintervention (P = .59).CONCLUSIONDirect observations were most likely to capture behavioral responses, followed by staff interviews. Nursing‐home based, pragmatic trials that rely solely on available administrative data may fail to detect effects of nonpharmaceutical interventions on behaviors. Findings are relevant to evaluations of nonpharmaceutical strategies for addressing behaviors in NHs, and will inform a large, National Institute on Aging–funded pragmatic trial beginning spring 2019. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2134–2138, 2019
End‐of‐Life Decision Making and Treatment for Patients with Professional Guardians
Authors: Cohen Andrew B. , Benjamin Andrea Z. , Fried Terri R. 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVESConcerns have repeatedly been raised about end‐of‐life decision making when a patient with diminished capacity is represented by a professional guardian, a paid official appointed by a judge. Such guardians are said to choose high‐intensity treatment even when it is unlikely to be beneficial or to leave pivotal decisions to the court. End‐of‐life decision making by professional guardians has not been examined systematically, however.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGInpatient and outpatient facilities in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Connecticut Healthcare System.PARTICIPANTSDecedent patients represented by professional guardians who received care at Connecticut VA facilities from 2003 to 2013 and whose care in the last month of life was documented in the VA record.MEASUREMENTSThrough chart reviews, we collected data about the guardianship appointment, the patient's preferences, the guardian's decision‐making process, and treatment outcomes.RESULTSThere were 33 patients with professional guardians who died and had documentation of their end‐of‐life care. The guardian sought judicial review for 33%, and there were delays in decision making for 42%. In the last month of life, 29% of patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, intubated, or underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation; 45% received hospice care. Judicial review and high‐intensity treatment were less common when information about the patient's preferences was available.CONCLUSIONRates of high‐intensity treatment and hospice care were similar to older adults overall. Because high‐intensity treatment was less likely when the guardian had information about a patient's preferences, future work should focus on advance care planning for individuals without an appropriate surrogate. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2161–2166, 2019
Alopecia areata predictive score: A new trichoscopy‐based tool to predict treatment outcome in patients with patchy alopecia areata
Authors: Waśkiel‐Burnat Anna , Rakowska Adriana , Sikora Mariusz , Olszewska Małgorzata , Rudnicka Lidia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere are no evidence‐based data how to predict response to therapy in patients with alopecia areata.AimThe assessment of the predictive value of trichoscopy for the therapeutic outcome in patients with alopecia areata.MethodsA total of 65 patients with patchy alopecia areata were included into the study. Trichoscopy was performed at baseline and 2 months after the treatment initiation. After 6 months, patients were classified as responders (27/65) and nonresponders (38/65).ResultsThere were no differences between the groups in baseline trichoscopy. After 2 months, black dots, broken hairs, exclamation mark hairs, and tapered hairs occurred significantly more often in nonresponders compared to responders (19/38, 50% vs 3/27, 11%; 26/38, 68% vs 6/27, 22%; 23/38, 61% vs 5/27, 19% and 11/38, 29% vs 0/27, 0%, respectively). Upright regrowing hairs and pigtail hairs occurred significantly more often in responders compared to nonresponders (27/27, 100% vs 21/38, 55% and 9/27, 33% vs 3/38, 8%, respectively). A trichoscopy‐based Alopecia Areata Predictive Score (min −4 to max 2) was developed. Probability of hair regrowth was 98.3%, 88.7%, 52.3%, 13.2%, 2.1%, 0.3%, and 0% in patients with score 2, 1, 0, −1, −2, −3, and −4, respectively.ConclusionsIn patchy alopecia areata, upright regrowing hairs and pigtail hairs are positive, while black dots, broken hairs, exclamation mark hairs, and tapered hairs negative predictive markers. Alopecia Areata Predictive Score is new trichoscopy‐based tool to predict treatment outcome in patients with patchy alopecia areata.
Neofusicoccum parvum and Diaporthe foeniculina associated with twig and shoot blight and branch canker of citrus in Greece
Authors: Vakalounakis Demetrios J. , Ntougias Spyridon , Kavroulakis Nektarios , Protopapadakis Eftichios 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn a survey performed in Chania and Aetoloacarnania, Greece in years 2013–2014, fungal isolates causing twig and shoot blight and branch canker of citrus trees were morphologically characterized and identified by multiple gene sequence analysis. By sequencing the ITS‐5.8S rRNA, the elongation factor 1‐α (EF1‐α), the β‐tubulin and the RNA polymerase II subunit (Rpb2) genes, the isolates examined were associated with Diaporthe foeniculina (six isolates) and Neofusicoccum parvum (one isolate). All six D. foeniculina isolates showed slow colony growth rates (7.4 ± 3.2 mm/day), while the N. parvum isolate exhibited fast growth (41.6 mm/day). Koch's criteria were met after re‐isolation of D. foeniculina isolates from all inoculated Citrus spp. and N. parvum from inoculated C. reticulata “Ortanique” and after having developed symptoms similar to those detected on shoots and branches collected from citrus fields. Based on lesion length on detached C. medica “Lia Kritis” shoots, N. parvum caused long necrotic lesions (58 mm in length) in comparison with a length of 12–21 mm lesions caused by D. foeniculina isolates. Pathogenicity trials on nine Citrus spp., which had been inoculated with D. foeniculina and N. parvum, revealed different levels of susceptibility, indicating a host‐dependent infection effect, with Poncirus trifoliate × C. paradisi (“Citrumelo Swingle”) being the most resistant citrus genotype. Lack of host specificity suggests that their pathogen–host association could be attributed to ecological rather to co‐evolutionary factors. This work represents the first report, accompanied with pathogenicity tests, on botryosphaeriaceous and diaporthaceous pathogens associated with twig and shoot blight and branch canker of citrus in Greece.
Detection of selected viral pathogens in dogs with canine infectious respiratory disease in Austria
Authors: Hiebl A. , Auer A. , Bagrinovschi G. , Stejskal M. , Hirt R. , Rümenapf H. T. , Tichy A. , Künzel F. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of canine parainfluenza virus, canine adenovirus type 2, canine distemper virus, canine respiratory coronavirus and influenza virus A infections in: (1) privately‐owned or, (2) kennelled dogs showing signs consistent with canine infectious respiratory disease and, (3) clinically healthy dogs in Vienna, Austria.Materials and MethodsProspectively, nasal and tonsillar swabs from 214 dogs affected with infectious respiratory disease, and 50 healthy control dogs were tested for nucleic acids specific to the various viral infections. Concurrent bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 31 dogs with chronic respiratory disease was investigated for the same viral pathogens. Additionally, anti‐canine respiratory coronavirus antibody concentrations were measured in paired blood samples from 30 acutely diseased dogs.ResultsCanine respiratory coronavirus (7.5%) and canine parainfluenza virus (6.5%) were the most commonly detected viruses in samples from the upper airways of dogs with respiratory infections. Serological results showed a significant seroconversion in response to coronavirus in 50% of the examined cases. None of the samples was positive for influenza virus A‐specific nucleic acid. Canine coronavirus‐specific nucleic acid was detected in 4.0% of healthy dogs.Clinical SignificanceCanine coronavirus should be considered as a clinically relevant cause of infectious respiratory disease in crowded dog populations. For sample collection, the nasal mucosa can be recommended as the favoured site. Analysis of paired serum samples aids verification of canine coronavirus infection in respiratory disease.
Oleogel production based on binary and ternary mixtures of sodium caseinate, xanthan gum, and guar gum: Optimization of hydrocolloids concentration and drying method
Authors: Abdolmaleki Khadije , Alizadeh Leyla , Nayebzadeh Kooshan , Hosseini Seyede Marzieh , Shahin Reyhane 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe report the optimization of oleogel formulation based on sodium caseinate (CN, 0–4 g/100 g), xanthan gum (XG, 0–1 g/100 g), guar gum (GG, 0–1 g/100 g), and drying method (freeze and oven drier) using response surface methodology to achieve the desired oil binding capacity, textural, and rheological attributes. All the selected responses were successfully fitted by a quadratic model with determination coefficient values higher than .95 with the exception of firmness values which was fitted by linear model. There were considerable increases in all the responses for the samples containing ternary mixtures of protein‐gum (CN:XG:GG) as well as binary mixtures (CN:GG and CN:XG) compared to samples containing protein or gums alone due to the synergistic effect of CN and gums on formation of highly ordered and strong gel network. Regression modeling demonstrated that freeze drying method led to significantly greater structure recovery values than those of oven drying method. The best formulation was the freeze dried oleogel containing 4 g/100 g CN, 0.43 g/100 g XG, and 0.98 g/100 g GG. Results showed that fabrication of oleogels with at least 94.5 g/100 g sunflower oil and characteristics similar to industrial shortening is feasible.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage due to de novo dissecting vertebral artery aneurysm in a patient with Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Authors: Hijikata Takamichi , Baba Eiichi , Shirokane Kazutaka , Tsuchiya Atsushi , Nomura Motohiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA 51‐year‐old man with Guillain‐Barré syndrome developed a dissecting vertebral artery aneurysm. Initial magnetic resonance angiography showed no abnormality, including dissecting aneurysm of the bilateral vertebral arteries. He developed subarachnoid hemorrhage. Radiological examination revealed bilateral dissecting vertebral artery aneurysms. The left ruptured dissecting vertebral artery aneurysm was treated by stent‐assisted coil embolization with preservation of the affected vertebral artery. Although it is rare, there is a possibility that dissection of the intracranial artery might occur in a patient with Guillain‐Barré syndrome in a short period of time. The dissecting aneurysm might be formed by external force to the vertebral artery, and the aneurysm might subsequently rupture due to hypertension.
Renal pathologic spectrum and clinical outcome of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance: A large retrospective case series study from a single institute in China
Authors: Yu Xiao‐Juan , Zhang Xin , Li Dan‐Yang , Wang Su‐Xia , Zhou Fu‐De , Zhao Ming‐Hui 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo analysis the pathological spectrum and prognosis of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) patients.MethodsPatients with renal biopsy‐proven MGRS from 1999 to 2017 in Peking University First Hospital were included, clinical data, renal pathology type, treatment and prognosis were collected.ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐seven patients were enrolled, accounting for 0.7% of renal biopsies. Seventy‐seven per cent of the MGRS patients were amyloidosis. Eighteen patients (9.6%) were monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease. Others included 10 patients (5.3%) with proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin (G) deposits, seven patients (3.7%) with cryoglobulinaemic glomerulonephritis, five patients (2.6%) with light chain proximal tubulopathy, two patients (1.1%) with fibrillary disease and one patient (0.5%) with C3 glomerulonephritis. Sixty‐three per cent were treated with chemotherapy and/or stem cell transplantation. The mean follow‐up time was 27 ± 32 months. One patient developed multiple myeloma at 17‐month during follow‐up. At the end of follow‐up, 61 patients (33%) died, and 47 patients (25%) reached end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). For the 144 amyloid patients, low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), decreased blood pressure, presence of cardiac involvement and absence of chemotherapy or high‐dose melphalan/autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation were identified as independent risk factors for death. Low eGFR, decreased blood pressure, and presence of cardiac involvement were identified as independent risk factors for ESRD. For the 43 non‐amyloid patients, no factor was identified for the risk of death. Low eGFR was identified as independent risk factor for ESRD.ConclusionMGRS was an uncommon form of hematologic disorder related renal injury with a wide spectrum of pathologic lesions, and amyloidosis was the most common type. Treatment with chemotherapy and/or high‐dose melphalan/autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation improved amyloid patients' survival.
Can budget ambiguity crowd out intrinsic motivation? Longitudinal evidence from federal executive departments
Authors: Shon Jongmin , Porumbescu Gregory A. , Christensen Robert K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhile some scholars have assessed how various features of organizational structure shape intrinsic motivation, the role of budgets and, in particular, programme funding has been overlooked. To address this gap in the literature, we examine how programme funding decisions impact employee motivation. Referencing previous work, we hypothesize that funding choices that emphasize some programmes over others signal clearer organizational goals for employees, thereby increasing intrinsic motivation. In contrast, departments that do not use their budgets to signal clear goals can run the risk of reducing their employees’ intrinsic motivation. We empirically investigate this hypothesis within the context of the US Federal executive departments, constructing a longitudinal dataset (2010–15) from multiple sources. Findings support our hypothesis. Employees in departments that more evenly fund their programmes report lower levels of intrinsic motivation.
Attachment and compassion‐threat: Influence of a secure attachment‐prime
Authors: Baldwin Sarah , Bandarian‐Balooch Siavash , Adams Rebecca 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesThe present paper proposed and tested a methodology for reducing individual's threat response to compassion‐imagery, by increasing their levels of state attachment‐security.DesignA total of 68 University students (63% female, mean age = 25) completed an experimental study, where they were randomly assigned to either a 10‐min attachment‐prime (to enhance attachment‐security) or an interpersonal skills module (control condition).MethodsParticipants completed a compassion‐focused imagery exercise before and after the manipulation, to determine the effects of the attachment‐prime. To measure the effects of the manipulation on individual's threat response, heart rate variability data were collected at baseline and during both compassion exercises.ResultsAs predicted, individuals who reported higher levels of anxious and avoidant attachment styles were more likely to display a threat response (decreases in heart rate variability), to the first compassion‐focused imagery. After receiving an attachment‐prime, heart rate variability increased suggesting that individual's experienced greater self‐soothing responses and decreased threat responses to the second compassion‐focused imagery.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that individuals with insecure attachments are likely to require additional support increasing their attachment‐security, before they can successfully engage in compassion‐based exercises or therapies.Practitioner pointsCompassion‐based exercises may result in fear and consequently avoidance in some populations of individuals.Threat responses to compassion can be reduced by using attachment‐based techniques.Research findings will help inform and broaden the clinical applicability of compassion‐based therapies.
Engineering the interactions between a plant‐produced HIV antibody and human Fc receptors
Authors: Stelter Szymon , Paul Mathew J. , Teh Audrey Y.‐H. , Grandits Melanie , Altmann Friedrich , Vanier Jessica , Bardor Muriel , Castilho Alexandra , Allen Rachel Louise , Ma Julian K‐C. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryPlants can provide a cost‐effective and scalable technology for production of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, with the potential for precise engineering of glycosylation. Glycan structures in the antibody Fc region influence binding properties to Fc receptors, which opens opportunities for modulation of antibody effector functions. To test the impact of glycosylation in detail, on binding to human Fc receptors, different glycovariants of VRC01, a broadly neutralizing HIV monoclonal antibody, were generated in Nicotiana benthamiana and characterized. These include glycovariants lacking plant characteristic α1,3‐fucose and β1,2‐xylose residues and glycans extended with terminal β1,4‐galactose. Surface plasmon resonance‐based assays were established for kinetic/affinity evaluation of antibody–FcγR interactions, and revealed that antibodies with typical plant glycosylation have a limited capacity to engage FcγRI, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIb and FcγRIIIa; however, the binding characteristics can be restored and even improved with targeted glycoengineering. All plant‐made glycovariants had a slightly reduced affinity to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) compared with HEK cell‐derived antibody. However, this was independent of plant glycosylation, but related to the oxidation status of two methionine residues in the Fc region. This points towards a need for process optimization to control oxidation levels and improve the quality of plant‐produced antibodies.
Natural variation in a calreticulin gene causes reduced resistance to Ca2+ deficiency‐induced tipburn in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis)
Authors: Su Tongbing , Li Peirong , Wang Huiping , Wang Weihong , Zhao Xiuyun , Yu Yangjun , Zhang Deshuang , Yu Shuancang , Zhang Fenglan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTipburn is an irreversible physiological disorder of Chinese cabbage that decreases crop value. Because of a strong environmental component, tipburn‐resistant cultivars are the only solution, although tipburn resistance genes are unknown in Chinese cabbage. We studied three populations of Chinese cabbage over four growing seasons under field conditions: (a) 194 diverse inbred lines, (b) a doubled haploid (DH100) population, and (c) an F2 population. The 194 lines were genotyped using single nucleotide polymorphism markers, and genome‐wide‐association mapping showed that 24 gQTLs were significantly associated with tipburn disease index. Analysis of the DH100 and F2 populations identified a shared tipburn‐associated locus, gqbTRA06, that was found to cover the region defined by one of the 24 gQTLs. Of 35 genes predicted in the 0.14‐Mb quantitative trait locus region, Bra018575 (calreticulin family protein, BrCRT2) showed higher expression levels during disease development. We cloned the two BrCRT2 alleles from tipburn‐resistant (BrCRT2R) and tipburn‐susceptible (BrCRT2S) lines and identified a 51‐bp deletion in BrCRT2S. Overexpression of BrCRT2R increased Ca2+ storage in the Arabidopsis crt2 mutant and also reduced cell death in leaf tips and margins under Ca2+‐depleted conditions. Our results suggest that BrCRT2 is a possible candidate gene for controlling tipburn in Chinese cabbage.