bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of small amplitude ion-acoustic solitary wave structures and amplitude modulation in e–p–i plasma with streaming ions
Authors: Goswami Jyotirmoy , Chandra Swarniv , Ghosh B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBy using reductive perturbation technique we have studied the linear and non-linear properties of ion-acoustic solitary structures in a three-component plasma containing non-thermal electrons and Boltzmann positrons and a comparatively cold ion which has got a streaming motion. The Korteweg–de Vries equation has been obtained and the dependence of small amplitude solitary structures on various plasma parameters such as streaming velocity (v0), non-thermal parameter (β), reciprocal of electron temperature (χ), positron density (p), Mach number (M), and ion density (δ) have been studied. The possibility of formation of enveloping soliton and its characteristic features are further investigated by deriving the non-linear Schrödinger equation.
Development of unfamiliar accent comprehension continues through adolescence
Authors: BENT Tessa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSchool-age children's understanding of unfamiliar accents is not adult-like and the age at which this ability fully matures is unknown. To address this gap, eight- to fifteen-year-old children's (n = 74) understanding of native- and non-native-accented sentences in quiet and noise was assessed. Children's performance was adult-like by eleven to twelve years for the native accent in noise and by fourteen to fifteen years for the non-native accent in quiet. However, fourteen- to fifteen-year old's performance was not adult-like for the non-native accent in noise. Thus, adult-like comprehension of unfamiliar accents may require greater exposure to linguistic variability or additional cognitive–linguistic growth.
Provider payment to primary care physicians in China: background, challenges, and a reform framework
Authors: Pu Xiaoying , Gu Yaming , Wang Xiaohe 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAim: To provide a framework for provider payment reform for primary care physicians in China. Background: Primary health care is central to health system reform and payment incentives have significant consequences for the equity and efficiency of it. Methods: This paper describes the special payments system for public primary health institutions and the subsequent internal salary remuneration to primary care physicians in China. Based on an analysis of the major challenges, we suggest a reform framework including the pattern of governance, and payments to primary health institutions and employed physicians. Findings: A mixed system of input-based and output-based payments to institutions would probably be appropriate under a long-term and relational contract with the government. It was also advised that internal remuneration is provided by a basic salary plus a bonus based on performance, and an extra-regional allowance. We hope that the results can be used to shift the passive budgeting of in-house staff within the public primary health institutions toward strategic purchasing.
Invasion percolation solves Fermi Paradox but challenges SETI projects
Authors: Galera E. , Galanti G. R. , Kinouchi O. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNon-homogeneous fractal-like colonization processes, where the cluster of visited sites has large voids and grows slowly, could explain the negative results of Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) preserving the possibility of a galactic spanning civilization. Here we present a generalized invasion percolation model to illustrate a minimal colonization process with large voids and delayed colonization. Spatial correlation between unvisited sites, in the form of large empty regions, suggests that to search civilizations in the Sun neighbourhood may be a misdirected SETI strategy. A weaker form of the Fermi Paradox also suggests this last conclusion.
Protein molecular modeling shows residue T599 is critical to wild-type function of POLG and description of a novel variant associated with the SANDO phenotype
Authors: Richter John E , Robles Hector G , Mauricio Elizabeth , Mohammad Ahmed , Atwal Paldeep S , Caulfield Thomas R 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSensory ataxic neuropathy with dysarthria and ophthalmoparesis (SANDO) is a rare phenotype resulting from pathogenic variants of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (POLG). We modeled a novel POLG variant, T599P, that causes the SANDO phenotype and another variant at the same residue, p.T599E, to observe their effect on protein function and confirm the pathogenicity of T599P. Through neoteric molecular modeling techniques, we show that changes at the T599 residue position introduce extra rigidity into the surrounding helix–loop–helix, which places steric pressure on nearby nucleotides. We also provide a clinical description of the T599P variant, which was found in a 42-year-old female proband. The proband presented a 1-year history of progressive gait instability, dysarthria and foot numbness. Her neurologic examination revealed ataxic dysarthria, restricted eye movements, head and palatal tremors, reduced lower limb reflexes, distal multimodal sensory loss and a wide, unsteady ataxic gait. Electromyography studies indicated a sensory neuropathy. Whole-exome sequencing was pursued after tests for infectious, inflammatory and paraneoplastic causes were negative.
Warum die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie einen industrieunabhängigen Kongress braucht
Authors: Lempert Thomas , Janzen Rudolf , Diehl Rolf , Stark Erwin , Paul Friedemann , Wilke Christian , Tavakolian Ramin , Völzke Enrico , von Brevern Michael , Möller Peter 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungWissenschaftliche Fachkongresse müssen finanziell und inhaltlich unabhängig von kommerziellen Interessen sein. In diesem Debattenbeitrag argumentiert die Initiative NeurologyFirst für eine stärkere professionelle Autonomie und die Rückführung des Einflusses der Industrie auf den Jahreskongress der deutschen Neurologie. Unser Kernanliegen ist der Verzicht auf Industriesymposien, die vornehmlich kommerzielle Ziele verfolgen und das Produkt des Sponsors regelhaft in ein günstiges Licht setzen. Die bei Industriesymposien präsentierten Zulassungsstudien neuer Medikamente weisen oft erhebliche methodische Mängel auf, insbesondere die Selektion günstiger Studiendaten. Auch die Industrieausstellung des Kongresses erscheint problematisch, da sie im wissenschaftlichen Gewand eine werbende Absicht verfolgt. Die Lösung von der Industrie wird dazu beitragen, die Pharmakotherapie neurologischer Erkrankungen vermehrt aus der kritischen Perspektive der evidenzbasierten Medizin zu bewerten und damit den Interessen unserer Patienten besser gerecht zu werden. Dass sich auch große Kongresse ohne Unterstützung der Industrie organisieren und zu moderaten Preisen anbieten lassen, zeigen nationale und internationale Beispiele.
Influence of Stem Cell Therapy on Thyroid Function and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Diabetic Rats
Authors: da Silva Diorney , de Freitas Mariana , Cahil Gustavo , de São José Vitória , Neto Felippe , Cardoso Ricardo , da Costa Vânia , Fortunato Rodrigo , de Carvalho Denise , Medei Emiliano , Ferreira Andrea 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCell therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) has been proposed for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is known that the prevalence of thyroid disease is higher among diabetic patients than in general population. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effect of the treatment with MSC on thyroid function and ROS generation in an experimental model of type 1 DM. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: control, DM (80 mg/kg BW streptozotocin, iv.) and DM+MSC. MSC treatment occurred 4 weeks after DM induction and the animals were euthanized 4 weeks after MSC administration. We also evaluated the effect of co-culture with MSC or extracellular vesicles (EV) obtained from these cells on the rat thyroid cell line PCCL3 exposed to high glucose. Thyroid H2O2 generation was increased in DM, which was reversed by MSC treatment. These changes paralled a significant DuOx1 mRNA increase. The incubation of PCCL3 with high glucose increased extracellular H2O2 generation, which was reversed by both the co-culture with MSC and EV. Even though MSC treatment normalized thyroid ROS generation, serum thyroid hormone (TH) concentration remained low, along with increased serum TSH concentrations. Thyroperoxidase (TPO) activity, was reduced in DM, and MSC treatment did not normalize TPO. Therefore, we conclude that the treatment with MSC was able to reverse the increased thyroid H2O2 generation in diabetic animals and in PCCL3 cells exposed to high glucose, an effect probably mediated by EV produced by these cells, acting in a paracrine fashion.
The Effects of Injected Vitamin D on Prognosis of Patients with Urosepsis
Authors: Jokar Abolfazl , Ahmadi Koorosh , Taherinia Ali , Didgar Farshideh , Kazemi Fatemeh , Bahramian Mehran 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prescribing vitamin D on improving the symptoms of patients diagnosed with urosepsis. The participants were randomly divided into two equal groups (each consisting of 50 patients). The patients in the first group received standard treatment with 300 000 units of injected vitamin with a volume of 1 cc. As for the patients in the second group, they received standard treatment along with 1 cc normal saline injected to them as placebo. Vital signs of the patients were checked every 6 h, while their CBC, EXR, CRP, creatinine, urea, and uric acid were checked 0, 24, 48, and 72 h following the interventions. Calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D levels were measured 72 h following injection of the medicine. A significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of the number of WBC’s in 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours. A similarly significant difference was reported between the case and control group in terms of the average BUN within 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours. The difference observed between the two groups in terms of average Cr within the 0th, 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours and in terms of days of hospitalization was also significant. Considering these results and keeping in mind the fact that no particular side effects were reported as a result of utilizing muscular injections of vitamin D and the easy and cheap use of this medicine, it can be used in auxiliary treatment of patients with urosepsis.
Volar Resurfacing of the Thumb with a Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator Flap after Hydrofluoric Acid Burn
Authors: Riesel Johanna , Giladi Aviram , Iorio Matthew 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA right-hand-dominant 55-year-old male automotive mechanic presented 24 hours following a hydrofluoric acid burn to the volar left thumb. Despite the severity of soft tissue injury, the neurovascular bundles were intact. Although a free toe-pulp flap is often described to cover volar digit defects, the resultant 6- × 4-cm full-thickness injury of the thumb was too large to be adequately covered by a toe-pulp flap or other commonly used local flaps from the ipsilateral hand. The authors used a superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap to reconstruct the volar surface of the thumb from the tip to the metacarpophalangeal joint. They used an arterial anastomosis with the princeps pollicis artery so that the anastomosis was well outside the zone of injury. The patient recovered from the procedure without event and was discharged home on postoperative day 5. At his 2-week postoperative visit, protective sensation with diminished light touch was intact. The authors conclude that the SCIP flap is a technically challenging but versatile, thin flap with minimal donor site morbidity that can be used to resurface the volar aspect of the thumb. The SCIP flap is a valuable resource for the hand surgeon confronted with larger soft tissue defects of the hand.
Pelvic Congestion Syndrome: Systematic Review of Treatment Success
Authors: Rizer Magda , Alexander Ryan , Sharpe Emerson , Rochon Paul , Brown Candace 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPelvic venous insufficiency is now a well-characterized etiology of pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS). The prevalence of CPP is 15% in females aged 18 to 50 years in the United States and up to 43.4% worldwide. In addition to individual physical, emotional, and quality-of-life implications of CPP, there are profound healthcare and socioeconomic expenses with estimated annual direct and indirect costs in the United States in excess of 39 billion dollars. PCS consists of clinical symptoms with concomitant anatomic and physiologic abnormalities originating in venous insufficiency. The etiology of PCS is diverse involving both mechanical and hormonal factors contributing to venous dilatation (>5 mm) and insufficiency. Factors affecting the diagnosis of PCS include variance of causes and clinical presentations of pelvic pain and relatively low sensitivity of noninvasive diagnostic imaging and laparoscopy to identify insufficiency compared with catheter venogram. A systematic review of the literature evaluating patient outcomes following percutaneous treatment of PCS is presented.
Female Pelvic Vascular Malformations
Authors: Annam Aparna 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVascular malformations are classified primarily according to their flow characteristics, slow flow (lymphatic and venous) or fast flow (arteriovenous). They can occur anywhere in the body but have a unique presentation when affecting the female pelvis. With a detailed clinical history and the proper imaging studies, the correct diagnosis can be made and the best treatment can be initiated. Lymphatic and venous malformations are often treated with sclerotherapy while arteriovenous malformations usually require embolization. At times, surgical intervention of vascular malformations or medical management of lymphatic malformations has been implemented in a multidisciplinary approach to patient care. This review presents an overview of vascular malformations of the female pelvis, their clinical course, diagnostic studies, and treatment options.
Systematic Review of Plant-Based Homeopathic Basic Research: An Update
Authors: Baumgartner Stephan , Sokol Anezka , Huber Roman , Doesburg Paul , Jäger Tim , Ücker Annekathrin 
Published: April 2018

Background Plant-based test systems have been described as a useful tool for investigating possible effects of homeopathic preparations. The last reviews of this research field were published in 2009/2011. Due to recent developments in the field, an update is warranted. Publications on plant-based test systems were analysed with regard to publication quality, reproducibility and potential for further research.
Methods A literature search was conducted in online databases and specific journals, including publications from 2008 to 2017 dealing with plant-based test systems in homeopathic basic research. To be included, they had to contain statistical analysis and fulfil quality criteria according to a pre-defined manuscript information score (MIS). Publications scoring at least 5 points (maximum 10 points) were assumed to be adequate. They were analysed for the use of adequate controls, outcome and reproducibility.
Results Seventy-four publications on plant-based test systems were found. Thirty-nine publications were either abstracts or proceedings of conferences and were excluded. From the remaining 35 publications, 26 reached a score of 5 or higher in the MIS. Adequate controls were used in 13 of these publications. All of them described specific effects of homeopathic preparations. The publication quality still varied: a substantial number of publications (23%) did not adequately document the methods used. Four reported on replication trials. One replication trial found effects of homeopathic preparations comparable to the original study. Three replication trials failed to confirm the original study but identified possible external influencing factors. Five publications described novel plant-based test systems. Eight trials used systematic negative control experiments to document test system stability.
Conclusions Regarding research design, future trials should implement adequate controls to identify specific effects of homeopathic preparations and include systematic negative control experiments. Further external and internal replication trials, and control of influencing factors, are needed to verify results. Standardised test systems should be developed.
The Importance of Student Leagues on Medical Training in Neurosurgery and Residency Choice
Authors: Moraes Daniela , Braga Vinícius , Riechelmann Guilherme , Cavalheiro Sérgio 
Published: April 2018

Introduction Neurological and neurosurgical disorders are highly prevalent in Brazil. The initial management is performed by general practitioners, showing the importance of theoretical and practical studies of neurology and neurosurgery during undergraduate medical courses.
Objective Describe the choices of medical specialty by members of a neurosurgery student league and investigate the existence and composition of neurology and/or neurosurgery courses and neuro-leagues in medical schools in Brazil.
Methods We surveyed, in person or through social networks, all medical students who were members of the Neurosurgery Student League of Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) from 2007 to 2015 on the completion of their course and residency chosen. An online form was also submitted to all the medical schools registered with the Federal Council of Medicine (Conselho Federal de Medicina [CFM])
Results and Discussion Fifty-seven medical graduates had participated in the Neurosurgery Student League of EPM. Out of these, 45 have completed their undergraduate courses; 6 have undergone neurosurgery and 5 neurology. We obtained responses from 128 out of the 173 medical schools affiliated with the CFM. A total of 91% of the schools responded that they have a structured neurology course. These courses are divided as into: 32 exclusively theoretical, with 12 addressing neurosurgery and 84 are theoretical-practical, with 51 addressing neurosurgery. Structured neurosurgery courses were only present in 19% of the faculties, half of which are theoretical only. Neurosciences leagues were present in 66% of the universities.
Conclusions It was noted that neurology and neurosurgery student leagues in 66% of the medical schools in Brazil is, many times, used to supplement theoretical-practical content that should have been addressed at undergraduate level. Unfortunately, only 9.5% of the medical schools include a theoretical-practical neurosurgery course in their curriculum, a fact that is concerning due to the high prevalence of neurologic diseases in the Brazilian population.
Towards the use of phonological markedness and extraprosodicity in
accounting for morphological errors in Specific Language
Impairment
Authors: Özçelik Öner 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Certain grammatical morphemes are variably produced in the speech of children
with Specific Language Impairment (SLI). Previous research tends to view this as
a consequence of either a deficit in linguistic knowledge or a limitation in
processing capacity; however, both approaches raise problems. For example,
linguistic accounts are unable to explain why these children’s problems are
mostly with production rather than comprehension. Processing accounts, on the
other hand, have difficulty explaining why affected children have differing
levels of problems with grammatical morphemes that are similar on the surface
(e.g. English plural -s vs. third person singular
-s). In this paper, a new, phonological account is proposed
which avoids these problems, and better captures the wide array of data
presented in the literature. It is proposed that children with SLI have problems
with organizing segmental data into prosodic structures that are linguistically
highly marked, in particular those that involve various forms of
extraprosodicity.
On the direction of cross-linguistic influence in the acquisition of
object clitics in French and Italian
Authors: Bernardini Petra , van de Weijer Joost 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Placement errors of object clitics (OCL) in French have been documented in 2L1
and L2 but not in L1 acquisition (Granfeldt,
2012; Hamann & Belletti,
2006). In the present study, we investigate whether placement errors
of third person singular OCLs may be due to cross-linguistic influence. We
exposed bilingual children (successive L1 French/L2 Italian and L1 Italian/L2 French and
simultaneous 2L1 Italian/French) to an OCL elicitation task.
The results showed significant differences between the 2L1 and L2 groups in
comparison with the L1 groups, and between the languages, thus corroborating the
findings of previous studies. Production accuracy of OCLs in general was highest
in L1, and higher in Italian than in French. However, OCL placement errors were
found in 2L1 French and L2 Italian as well as in the L1 French of children who
had Italian as L2. These findings suggest that cross-linguistic influence is
bidirectional (Foroodi-Nejad & Paradis,
2009; Chenjie Gu, 2010;
Nicoladis, 1999). We discuss
these results in relation to the proposal that cross-linguistic influence should
occur only in one direction, i.e. only in one language, and only under certain
conditions (Hulk & Müller, 2000;
Müller & Hulk, 2001).
Sprachverlust und Halbsprecher einer sterbenden Sprache
Authors: Versloot Arjen P. 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Dying languages are often characterised by attrition of structural features and large scale borrowing from competing dominant languages. However, these characteristics are difficult to interpret when the variety is only scarcely attested (Trümmersprache) and documented by non-native speakers, who learned the language from native speakers who were themselves, potentially, only imperfect learners. The East Frisian Harlingerland dialect is a case in point. It is attested only in a booklet from the late 17th century (1691) by the local vicar Johannes Cadovius-Müller, who was not a native speaker of Frisian. He uses the two infinitive markers of Frisian in an unhistorical way. This study seeks to understand how this usage arose. It is hypothesised that the last generation of dialect speakers developed a synchronic phonological rule for the distribution of the two infinitive markers based on vowel harmony, which was then partly misrepresented due to Cadovius-Müller's imperfect learning.
The profile of conceptual comprehension of pre-service teacher in the mathematical problem solving with low emotional intelligence
Authors: Prayitno S H , Suwarsono St , Siswono T Y E 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Conceptual comprehension in this research is the ability to use the procedures that are owned by pre-service teachers to solve problems by finding the relation of the concept to another, or can be done by identifying the type of problem and associating it with a troubleshooting procedures, or connect the mathematical symbols with mathematical ideas and incorporate them into a series of logical reasoning, or by using prior knowledge that occurred directly, through its conceptual knowledge. The goal of this research is to describe the profile of conceptual comprehensin of pre-service teachers with low emotional intelligence in mathematical problems solving. Through observation and in-depth interview with the research subject the conclusion was that: pre-service teachers with low emotional intelligence pertained to the level of formal understanding in understanding the issues, relatively to the level of intuitive understanding in planning problem solving, to the level of relational understanding in implementing the relational problem solving plan, and pertained to the level of formal understanding in looking back to solve the problem.