bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Crisis on Fiscal Positions
Authors: Reddy Y V , Ray Partha , Chakraborty Pinaki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The adverse effects of macroeconomic uncertainties arising due to the ongoing war and the pandemic are still unfolding and manifesting themselves through many channels and are wide-ranging. These comprise falling revenues, both tax and non-tax, rising non-discretionary and discretionary expenditures, a one-time increase in health spending and curtailed social sector expenditures in other sectors. The cumulative upshot of buffeting from different directions can be serious. The adverse impact of the crisis on the rate of economic growth and rising unemployment could be socially unsettling. The combined effect has resulted in swelling fiscal deficits and escalating public debt. This chapter discusses the impact of the crisis on the fiscal position.
Crisis and Public Debt Management
Authors: Reddy Y V , Ray Partha , Chakraborty Pinaki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In most of the countries the cumulative impact of monetary and fiscal measures in managing the crisis is reflected in the magnitude of public debt. The stress on public debt could be the result of financial sector vulnerabilities and fiscal stimulus or through their mutually reinforcing nature. Global public debt appears to have increased manifold, mainly on account of fiscal stimulus in advanced economies. It is undeniable that new dimensions of public debt in the global economy have emerged from the global financial crises and magnified further during the COVID-19 pandemic. This chapter argues that the management of public debt in future should capture recent developments in global financial architecture and the outlook for global public debt. Against this background, the tasks and challenges ahead for management of public debt are listed in the concluding part of the chapter.
Alkenylboronic acid derivatives as monomers for radical polymerization leading to polymer synthesis via side-chain replacement and development of boron-based functions
Authors: Nishikawa Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Vacant p-orbital of boron is often utilized for design of unique organic reactions based on its stabilization of adjacent carbon radical and Lewis acidity for interactions with internal or external base. In this study, these unique properties of boron were utilized to design vinyl monomers for chain-growth polymerization. The author found that alkenylboronic acid derivatives, where boron is connected to a vinyl moiety, exhibit radical (co)polymerization abilities due to the stabilization of the chain-growth radical by the p-orbital of boron. The resulting polymers have boron atoms attached to the main chain, and the replacement of boron pendants with other elements in the post-polymerization transformation step enabled the synthesis of novel polymers that are difficult to access by conventional methods [e.g. poly(α-methyl vinyl alcohol), branched poly(vinyl alcohol), and poly(ethylene-co-acrylate)]. Furthermore, boron on the main chain served not only as a replaceable side chain but also as a Lewis acidic moiety for developing novel polymer functions such as stimuli-responsive backbone degradation and side-chain cooperative polymer catalysts. The concept of boron-based monomer design thus opens new avenues in polymer chemistry and materials science.
Entropy-driven formation of a self-assembled molecular capsule through release of amine from ammonium carboxylate salt
Authors: Asada Yuki , Kobayashi Amane , Ueda Masahiro , Ban Hayato , Kimura Masaki , Naito Masaya , Tokunaga Yuji 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the formation of a self-assembling hetero-porphyrin capsule, stabilized through aminoquinolinium/carboxylate salt bridge interactions, in the presence of amines. The formation of the capsule, accompanied by the release of 4 amine molecules from the carboxylate salt, is driven by entropy when excess amines are present, and entropy and enthalpy of the capsule formation can be regulated with varying amounts of amine. Notably, increasing the size of the added amines enhanced the entropy.
Impact of Revised Diagnostic Testing Algorithms and Case Definitions on Lyme Disease Surveillance in a Low-Incidence State: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Lee Gayoung , Hollingsworth Brandon D , Giandomenico Dana A , Fisher Teresa G , Williams Carl , Boyce Ross M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We evaluated the impact of the endorsement of modified 2-tiered testing and its inclusion in updated Lyme disease case definitions in North Carolina using surveillance data from 2017–2023. After the implementation of modified 2-tiered testing, confirmed cases increased by 117%, with comparable decreases in probable cases compared with prior periods.
Noninferiority Study of Purified Vero Rabies Vaccine—Serum Free in 3-dose and 2-dose Preexposure Prophylaxis Regimens in Comparison With Licensed Rabies Vaccines
Authors: Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya , Huoi Catherine , Tantawichien Terapong , Mootsikapun Piroon , Kosalaraksa Pope , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin , Ratanasuwan Winai , Vangelisti Manuel , Laot Thelma , Huang Youjun , Petit Celine , Pineda-Peña Andrea-Clemencia , Frago Carina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
A next-generation, serum-free, highly purified Vero cell rabies vaccine, PVRV-NG2, is in development.

Methods
This multicenter, observer-blind, phase 3 study evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of PVRV-NG2, compared with 2 licensed rabies vaccines (purified Vero cell rabies vaccine [PVRV] and human diploid cell vaccine [HDCV]), as a preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimen. Participants were randomized 3:1:1 to PVRV-NG2, PVRV, or HDCV, as a 3-dose (cohort 1; children and adults; day [D] 0, D7, and D28) or 2-dose (cohort 2; adults; D0 and D7) PrEP regimen. The primary objective was noninferiority of PVRV-NG2 to PVRV and HDCV as 3-dose PrEP, based on the proportion of participants with rabies virus–neutralizing antibody titer ≥0.5 IU/mL at D42. Noninferiority of immune responses for 2-dose PrEP at D28 and noninferiority of 2-dose (D28) versus 3-dose (D42) HDCV were also assessed as secondary immunogenicity objectives. Safety was assessed throughout.

Results
Overall, 1708 participants were enrolled (cohort 1: 505 children, 505 adults; cohort 2: 698 adults). All participants had rabies virus–neutralizing antibody titers ≥0.5 IU/mL after 3-dose PVRV-NG2 (D42), with noninferiority to PVRV and HDCV demonstrated. All secondary immunogenicity objectives were achieved, including noninferiority of 2-dose PVRV-NG2 versus 2-dose PVRV and HDCV (D28) and 3-dose HDCV (D42), and noninferiority of 2-dose HDCV versus 3-dose HDCV. The safety profile of PVRV-NG2 was comparable to those of PVRV and HDCV.

Conclusions
This study supports the use of PVRV-NG2 in 2- or 3-dose PrEP regimens, with no safety concerns identified.

Clinical Trials Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04127786; EudraCT: 2019-000973-22; WHO: U1111-1217-3241.
Development and evaluation of a deep learning model to reduce exomass-related metal artefacts in cone-beam CT: an ex vivo study using porcine mandibles
Authors: Oliveira Matheus L , Schaub Susanne , Dagassan-Berndt Dorothea , Bieder Florentin , Cattin Philippe C , Bornstein Michael M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To develop and evaluate a deep learning (DL) model to reduce metal artefacts originating from the exomass in cone-beam CT (CBCT) of the jaws.

Methods
Five porcine mandibles, each featuring six tubes filled with a radiopaque solution, were scanned using four CBCT units before and after the incremental insertion of up to three titanium, titanium-zirconium, and zirconia dental implants in the exomass of a small field of view. A conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model, using DL techniques, was employed to correct axial images from exomass-related metal artefacts across the CBCT units and implant scenarios. Three examiners independently scored the image quality of all datasets, including those without an implant (ground truth), with implants in the exomass (original), and DL-generated ones. Quantitative analysis compared contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) to validate artefact reduction using repeated measures analysis of variance in a factorial design followed by Tukey test (α = .05).

Results
The visualisation of the hard tissues and overall image quality was reduced in the original and increased in the DL-generated images. The score variation observed in the original images was not observed in the DL-generated images, which generally scored higher than the original images. DL-generated images revealed significantly greater CNR than both the ground truth and their corresponding original images, regardless of the material and quantity of dental implants and the CBCT unit (P &lt; .05). Original images revealed significantly lower CNR than the ground truth (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
The developed DL model using porcine mandibles demonstrated promising performance in correcting exomass-related metal artefacts in CBCT, serving as a proof-of-principle for future applications of this approach.
Sling fiber preservation during POEM reduces incidence of postoperative reflux symptoms
Authors: Fujiyoshi Yusuke , Fujiyoshi Mary Raina Angeli , Khalaf Kareem , May Gary R , Teshima Christopher W 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been a limiting factor with POEM. Sling-fiber preservation during POEM was reported to reduce postoperative GERD in Japan. This study investigates the efficacy of this technique in a western population. This is a retrospective, single-center study of patients undergoing POEM from October 2017 to January 2023. The initial cohort of patients were treated by conventional POEM, after which a second cohort underwent POEM with sling-fiber preservation. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative reflux symptoms. The secondary outcomes were clinical success rate (Eckardt score ≤ 3), procedure time, and adverse events rate. Multivariate regression was then performed to identify factors associated with the incidence of postoperative reflux symptoms. One hundred and forty eight POEM cases (52.5 ± 15.6 y/o, female: 61[43%]) were included. The mean procedure time (108.6 ± 34.5 vs. 109.1 ± 45.7 min, P = 0.93) was similar between the groups. In the sling-fiber preservation group, gastric myotomy length was significantly longer (2.2 ± 0.7 vs. 1.6 ± 0.8 cm, P &lt; 0.05), yet the incidence rate of postoperative reflux symptoms at follow-up was significantly lower (22.4% vs. 42.3%, P &lt; 0.05). The clinical success rate was similar between groups (89.5% vs. 83.1%, P = 0.32), and the rate of adverse events requiring intervention (13.5% vs. 12.2%, P = 0.36) was similar. Regression analysis indicated that, after adjusting for other risk factors of postoperative GERD, sling-fiber preservation during POEM had an odds ratio of 0.24 (95% CI: 0.07–0.85, P &lt; 0.05) for the incidence of reflux symptoms. Sling-fiber preservation during POEM reduces the incidence of postoperative reflux symptoms. As such, sling-fiber preservation may be a useful solution to reduce post-POEM GERD in western populations.
Nutrient-dependent regulation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes
Authors: Ma Yanlin , Xiao Chengbin , Liu Jianquan , Ren Guangpeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mineral nutrients are essential for plant growth and development, playing a critical role in the mutualistic symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia. Legumes have evolved intricate signaling pathways that respond to various mineral nutrients, selectively activating genes involved in nodulation and nutrient uptake during symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). Key minerals, including nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P), are vital throughout the SNF process, influencing signal recognition, nodule formation, the regulation of nodule numbers, and the prevention of nodule early senescence. Here we review recent advancements in nutrient-dependent regulation of root nodule symbiosis, focusing on the systemic autoregulation of nodulation (AON) in nitrate-dependent symbiosis, the roles of NIN-like proteins (NLPs), and the function of essential nutrients and their associated transporters in legume symbiosis. Additionally, we discuss several key research areas that require further exploration to deepen our understanding of nutrient-dependent mechanisms in SNF.
Characterization of shade-tolerance gene network in soybean revealed by forward integrated reverse genetic studies
Authors: Su Yanzhu , Pan Yongpeng , Zeng Weiying , Lai Zhenguang , Guo Pengfei , Hao Xiaoshuai , Gu Shengyu , Zhang Zhipeng , Sun Lei , Li Ning , He Jianbo , Wang Wubin , Xing Guangnan , Zhang Jiaoping , Sun Zudong , Gai Junyi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Shade-tolerance is a key trait for cultivars in inter/relay-cropped soybeans in maize field. Our previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) results on southern China soybean germplasm revealed that the shade-tolerance was conferred by a complex of genes with multiple alleles. To complete our understanding on shade-tolerance gene system, the GWAS with gene-allele sequences as markers (designated GASM-RTM-GWAS) was conducted in a recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population between two extreme parents using shade-tolerance index (STI) and relative pith-cell length (RCL) as indicators. Altogether, 211 genes, including 99 and 119 genes (seven shared) for STI and RCL, respectively, were identified and then annotated into a similar set of five biological categories. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis detected 7,837 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), indicating plentiful DEGs involved in the expression of regulatory/causal GWAS-genes. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis and gene functional analysis for both GWAS-genes and DEGs showed a group of interrelated causal genes and a group of interrelated DEGs with that of the former including in the latter and their functions interconnected as a gene network. For further understanding of the response of soybean to shade stress in a sequential connection, six chronological gene modules were grouped as Signal-activation and transport, Signal-transduction, Signal-amplification, Gene expression, Regulated metabolites, and Material transport. From the modules, 12 key genes were selected as entry-points for further analysis. Our study characterizes with overview of shade tolerance gene network as a new insight into the complex trait genetic system, rather than the usual way starting from a handpicked single gene.
In Continuation of a ‘Unified Immigration Agenda’: The End of Asylum at the United States Southwest Border
Authors: Capicchiano Young Sophie 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Through a complementary framework of laws, policies, and practices, the Biden administration has built upon the immigration agendas of previous United States (US) administrations, restricting the right to seek asylum for those arriving at the southwest border almost entirely. Principally, it has expanded certain laws and policies implemented by the Trump administration – some of which it has vigorously defended in court – and implemented new laws and policies, specifically a final rule entitled ‘Circumvention of Lawful Pathways’, which limits asylum but for the most exceptional circumstances. As this article demonstrates, these exceptional circumstances have been interpreted and applied by Customs and Border Protection officers in terms even narrower than the final rule permits. The restriction of asylum has been realized through two specific modifications to US immigration law and, by extension, fundamental precepts of international refugee law: the conflation of asylum seekers and migrants as classes of individuals subject to undifferentiated legal processes, and the qualification of asylum based on the mode of arrival, specifically, arrival by land at the southwest border after having travelled through another Central American State – a condition that applies to all land arrivals by non-Mexican nationals. Through an analysis of quantitative data, and a series of qualitative interviews with legal service providers, shelter providers, independent researchers at US ports of entry, and a former senior US Border Patrol agent, the article demonstrates that the implementation of the Biden administration’s immigration agenda and the practice of Customs and Border Protection officers forms part of a ‘unified immigration agenda’ of multiple sequential US administrations, the purpose of which is to restrict access to asylum, create conditions unconducive to spontaneous arrival at the southwest border, and impose extreme hardships on those who seek to enter the US via the southwest border. The Biden administration has continued to pursue this unified immigration agenda by implementing Circumvention of Lawful Pathways, essentially ending the provision of asylum, even for those who are clearly in need of protection.
Beyond the ‘spaghetti bowl’: assessing the role of the AfCFTA Protocol on Intellectual Property in Africa’s complex regulatory environment
Authors: Ogbodo Juliet A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
For decades, international IP frameworks have been criticized for neglecting forms of IP, such as traditional knowledge, that are crucial to middle- and low-income economies but often do not conform to the global standards set by Western conceptions of IP. This oversight continues to shape IP policy development even in African countries, many of which struggle to create IP policies that align with their unique economic and developmental needs. In response to these challenges and driven by an expressed commitment to fostering and safeguarding African innovation and forms of IP, 54 African nations have recently adopted an IP Protocol to the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA). However, given the continent’s already fragmented IP regulatory landscape, this article questions whether the AfCFTA Protocol on IP (AfCFTA IP Protocol) can successfully foster the development of frameworks that reflect Africa’s distinctive socio-economic realities and priorities. This article evaluates the protocol in relation to previous attempts at continental IP harmonization efforts in Africa and examines the extent to which the AfCFTA IP Protocol can be deployed to achieve its stated goals of IP harmonization on the continent. While the AfCFTA IP Protocol is a positive initiative, its introduction and adoption may be somewhat premature, given the continent’s ‘spaghetti bowl’ of IP regulations.
GC-MS- and LC-TOF-MS/MS-based ginger volatile oil serum analysis and the potential mechanism of the anticancer effect of serum component citral on MCF-7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Wenkai , Liu Zhiyong , Luo Liming , Xu Lei , Ma Qiuting , Huang Shuai , Hong Tao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
To explore the blood components of ginger volatile oil (GVO) after gastric perfusion in rats and its different metabolites from blank serum and the network pharmacological analysis and preliminary verification of the main components against breast cancer.

Methods
A total of 20 male rats were randomly allocated to 10 control groups and 10 experimental groups. The administration group was given diluted GVO and the blank group was given the same amount of soybean oil (weigh 12 g of GVO diluted to 100 ml with soybean oil), the serum of rats in the given and blank groups was analyzed by gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the differential metabolites were screened and enriched, and the blood components were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS).

Results
A total of 34 different metabolites were screened, and 31 original components were identified. The content of citral in volatile oil and serum is high, and the pathway of action is also closely related to the results of network pharmacology. Cell experiments showed that both drug-containing serum and citral significantly inhibited the proliferation and lateral transfer ability of breast cancer MCF-7 cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner, flow cytometry was used to measure apoptosis, and the experimental results showed that the proportion of early and late apoptosis was significantly increased in each group compared with the control group, and the proportion of total apoptosis showed a certain concentration-dependent trend.

Conclusions
A combination of serum metabolism, network pharmacology, and experiments was employed; this study offers a significant contribution to the clarification of the material basis and molecular mechanism of GVO- medicated serum against breast cancer.
Psychological modalities for the treatment of localized provoked vulvodynia: a scoping review of literature from 2010 to 2023
Authors: Logan Gabrielle S , Gustafson Diana L , Swab Michelle , Rains Alex , Miller Michelle E , Jackman Victoria A , Bajzak Krisztina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Localized provoked vulvodynia is a common sexual health condition for which there is a lack of consensus on effective management, even though it can have a significant negative impact on psychological wellbeing, sexual functioning, and quality of life for women and their partners.

Aim
To map the research landscape related to the effectiveness/efficacy of psychological treatments for localized provoked vulvodynia, identify gaps, and make recommendations for future research.

Methods
We used Arksey and O’Malley’s approach to conducting a scoping review to identify, organize, and summarize research published between 2010 and 2023 that investigated the efficacy or effectiveness of interventions in the management of localized provoked vulvodynia. Inclusion and exclusion criteria and the search strategy were developed by subject experts in collaboration with a health sciences librarian. A PubMed search used controlled vocabulary and keyword terms relating to vulvodynia, which were then translated into other databases. Studies not published in English or French were excluded. We did not consider other subsets of vulvodynia.
Articles were uploaded to Covidence, duplicates removed, and titles and abstracts screened. The remaining articles were subject to a 2-person, independent full-text review followed by a hand search of eligible articles. All intervention studies were included regardless of the study design. Study details were reported narratively and analyzed.

Main Outcome Measures
Of the 88 included articles published between January 2010 and March 2023, 15 reported on the efficacy/effectiveness of psychological treatments for localized provoked vulvodynia, including group educational seminars, cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and somatocognitive therapy.

Results
Cognitive behavioral therapy was the most common form of psychological treatment studied (n = 7) with interventions for both individuals and couples. Education about the condition and the therapeutic process was a component of many interventions. Psychological therapies may be of some benefit, but only 1 RCT evaluating the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy appeared adequately powered to demonstrate improvement in dyspareunia. Studies sampled homogenous patient populations, primarily consisting of White, urban-dwelling, educated, partnered, heterosexual cis-women.

Conclusion
Evidence of efficacy/effectiveness, drawn mainly from small studies, is promising and highlights opportunities for more robust studies with heterogeneous populations, more research on the role of education in treatment success, and greater attention to assessing patient-driven outcomes in partnered and unpartnered women.