bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-302 Cluster Downregulates Enterovirus 71–Induced Innate Immune Response by Targeting KPNA2
Authors: Peng Nanfang , Yang Xuecheng , Zhu Chengliang , Zhou Li , Yu Haisheng , Li Mengqi , Lin Yong , Wang Xueyu , Li Qian , She Yinglong , Wang Jun , Zhao Qian , Lu Mengji , Zhu Ying , Liu Shi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEnterovirus 71 (EV71) induces significantly elevated levels of cytokines and chemokines, leading to local or systemic inflammation and severe complications. As shown in our previous study, microRNA (miR) 302c regulates influenza A virus–induced IFN expression by targeting NF-κB-inducing kinase. However, little is known about the role of the miR-302 cluster in EV71-mediated proinflammatory responses. In this study, we found that the miR-302 cluster controls EV71-induced cytokine expression. Further studies demonstrated that karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) is a direct target of the miR-302 cluster. Interestingly, we also found that EV71 infection upregulates KPNA2 expression by downregulating miR-302 cluster expression. Upon investigating the mechanisms behind this event, we found that KPNA2 intracellularly associates with JNK1/JNK2 and p38, leading to translocation of those transcription factors from the cytosol into the nucleus. In EV71-infected patients, miR-302 cluster expression was downregulated and KPNA2 expression was upregulated compared with controls, and their expression levels were closely correlated. Taken together, our work establishes a link between the miR-302/ KPNA2 axis and EV71-induced cytokine expression and represents a promising target for future antiviral therapy.
CD4 T Cell Affinity Diversity Is Equally Maintained during Acute and Chronic Infection
Authors: Andargachew Rakieb , Martinez Ryan J. , Kolawole Elizabeth M. , Evavold Brian D. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
TCR affinity for peptide MHC dictates the functional efficiency of T cells and their propensity to differentiate into effectors and form memory. However, in the context of chronic infections, it is unclear what the overall profile of TCR affinity for Ag is and if it differs from acute infections. Using the comprehensive affinity analysis provided by the two-dimensional micropipette adhesion frequency assay and the common indirect affinity evaluation methods of MHC class II tetramer and functional avidity, we tracked IAb GP61–80–specific cells in the mouse model of acute (Armstrong) and chronic (clone 13) lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. In each response, we show CD4 T cell population affinity peaks at the effector phase and declines with memory. Of interest, the range and average relative two-dimensional affinity was equivalent between acute and chronic infection, indicating chronic Ag exposure did not skew TCR affinity. In contrast, functional and tetramer avidity measurements revealed divergent results and lacked a consistent correlation with TCR affinity. Our findings highlight that the immune system maintains a diverse range in TCR affinity even under the pressures of chronic Ag stimulation.
Decision to Return to Sport Participation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Part II: Self-Reported and Functional Performance Outcomes
Authors: Werner Jennifer L. , Burland Julie P. , Mattacola Carl G. , Toonstra Jenny , English Robert A. , Howard Jennifer S. 
Published: May 2018

Context: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) is the most commonly used method for helping athletes regain function and return to preinjury activity levels after ACL injury. Outcomes after ACLR have suggested that athletes return to a level of function that would support a return to sport participation; however, in a recent meta-analysis, pooled return rates were only 55%. It is unclear whether this discrepancy is a result of functional impairments.Objective: To compare patient-reported outcomes (PROs), dynamic balance, dynamic functional performance, strength, and muscular endurance in athletes who returned to sport (RTS) and athletes who did not return to sport (NRTS) after ACLR.Design: Case-control study.Setting: University research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Two groups of participants with primary unilateral ACLR: 18 RTS individuals (7 males, 11 females; age = 23 ± 11 years, height = 163.58 ± 40.41 cm, mass = 70.00 ± 21.75 kg, time since surgery = 4.02 ± 3.20 years) and 12 NRTS individuals (5 males, 7 females; age = 26 ± 13 years, height = 171.33 ± 48.24 cm, mass = 72.00 ± 21.81 kg, time since surgery = 3.68 ± 2.71 years).Intervention(s): The PROs consisted of the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Tegner Activity Scale, and Marx Activity Scale. Functional performance outcome measures were the anterior and posteromedial reach on the Star Excursion Balance Test, a battery of single-legged–hop tests, isokinetic quadriceps and hamstrings strength at 60°/s and 180°/s, and a novel step-down-to-fatigue test. All measures were taken during a single laboratory session.Main Outcome Measure(s): The Limb Symmetry Index was calculated for all functional performance measures. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare measures between groups (P &lt; .10).Results: Compared with the RTS group, the NRTS group had lower scores on the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form (RTS median = 92.52, range = 66.67–97.70; NRTS median = 82.76, range = 63.22–96.55; P = .03) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Symptoms subscale (RTS median = 88, range = 54–100; NRTS median = 71, range = 54–100; P = .08). No differences were observed for any functional performance measures.Conclusions: The NRTS athletes displayed lower PROs despite demonstrating similar function on a variety of physical performance measures. These results further support existing evidence that physical performance alone may not be the ideal postoperative outcome measure. Measures of patients' symptoms and self-perceived physical function may also greatly influence postoperative activity choices.
Probability of Heat Intolerance: Standardized Interpretation of Heat-Tolerance Testing Results Versus Specialist Judgment
Authors: Schermann Haggai , Craig Erin , Yanovich Einat , Ketko Itay , Kalmanovich Gary , Yanovich Ran 
Published: May 2018

Context:
The heat-tolerance test (HTT) is a screening tool for secondary prevention of exertional heat illness by the Israel Defense Forces. To discern participant tolerance, recruits are exposed to intermediate environmental and exercise stresses, and their physiological responses, core temperature, and heart rate are monitored. When their physiological measures rise at a higher rate or exceed the upper levels of absolute values compared with other participants, heat intolerance (HI) is diagnosed.

Objective:
To develop a mathematical model to interpret HTT results and provide a quantitative estimate of the probability of heat tolerance (PHT).

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Warrior Health Research Institute.

Patients or Other Participants:
The HTT results of 175 random individuals tested after an episode of exertional heat illness were classified qualitatively and then divided into training (n = 112) and testing (n = 63) datasets. All individuals were male soldiers (age range = 18–22 years) who had sustained an episode of definitive or suspected exertional heat stroke.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Based on the decision algorithm used by the Israel Defense Forces for manual interpretation of the HTT, we designed a logistic regression model to predict the heat-tolerance state. The model used a time series of physiological measures (core temperature and heart rate) of individuals to predict the manually assigned diagnosis of HT or HI. It was initially fitted and then tested on 2 separate, random datasets. The model produced a single value, the PHT, and its predictive ability was demonstrated by prediction-density plots, receiver operating characteristic curve, contingency tables, and conventional screening test evaluation measures.

Results:
According to prediction-density plots of the testing set, all HT patients had a PHT of 0.7 to 1. The receiver operating characteristic curve plot showed that PHT was an excellent predictor of the manual HT interpretations (area under the curve = 0.973). Using a cutoff probability of 0.5 for the diagnosis of HI, we found that PHT had sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 100%, 90%, and 92.06%, respectively.

Conclusions:
The PHT has the potential to be substituted for manual interpretation of the HTT and to serve in a variety of clinical and research applications.
Plant communities of the uMlalazi Nature Reserve and their contribution to conservation in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Zungu Nqobile S. , Mostert Theo H.C. , Mostert Rachel E. 
Published: May 2018

Vegetation research is an important tool for the simplified and effective identification, management and conservation of the very complex ecosystems underlying them. Plant community descriptions offer scientists a summary and surrogate of all the biotic and abiotic factors shaping and driving ecosystems. The aim of this study was to identify, describe and map the plant communities within the uMlalazi Nature Reserve. A total of 149 vegetation plots were sampled using the Braun-Blanquet technique. Thirteen plant communities were identified using a combination of numeric classification (modified Two-way-Indicator Species Analysis) and ordination (non-metric multidimensional scaling). These communities were described in terms of their structure, floristic composition and distribution. An indirect gradient analysis of the ordination results was conducted to investigate the relationship between plant communities and their potentially important underlying environmental drivers. Based on the results, the floristic conservation importance of each plant community was discussed to provide some means to evaluate the relative contribution of the reserve to regional ecosystem conservation targets.Conservation implications: The uMlalazi Nature Reserve represents numerous ecosystems that are disappearing from a rapidly transforming landscape outside of formally protected areas in Zululand. The descriptions of the plant communities of these relatively pristine ecosystems provide conservation authorities with inventories and benchmarks with which the ecological health of similar ecosystems in the region can be measured.
Effect of a semiconstrained elastic integrated cervical artificial disc on the cervical motion
Authors: Yao Qingqiang , Zhou Zhi , Li Jiayi , Shamie Arya Nick , Alshuaib Yousif W. , Chen James , Burser Zorica , Wang Jeffrey C. , Wang Liming 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
Cervical total disc replacement (TDR) is a novel dynamically stabilizing technique for the symptomatic cervical intervertebral segment. While the long-term effect of mainstream cervical nonconstrained artificial disc group (CNAD) does not match the theoretical effects of mobility preserving and neural decompression. The cervical semiconstrained elastic integrated artificial disc (CSID) may be a more reasonable design. However, beneficial or adverse effects of this design have not been measured and data for biomechanical effect are unavailable. The aim of this study is to assess the biomechanical effect of CSID on the segmental motion at implanted and adjacent levels.

Methods:
This study was supported by medical science developmental funding of Nanjing (20,000 dollars). Eight cadaveric C3-T1 specimens were loaded in flexion/extension (F/E), axial rotation (AR), and lateral bending (LB) with CSID, CNAD, and anterior fusion (AF) implanted at C5-C6 level alternatively. The range of motion (ROM), neutral zone (NZ), and elastic zone (EZ) at implanted and adjacent levels were measured. The mean values of parameters in the intact specimen group (INT), CSID group, CNAD group, and AF group were compared statistically (n = 8).

Results:
There was no significant difference of ROM, NZ, and EZ at implanted and adjacent levels between CSID and INT in F/E, AR, and LB (P > 0.05). CNAD caused a significant change of EZ in F/E and LB and ROM in LB at implanted level. Meantime, CNAD caused ROM increasing at adjacent levels (P < 0.05). AF caused the most significant changes of ROM, NZ, and EZ in F/E, AR and LB, compared to CSID and CNAD (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The semiconstrained elastic integrated design of cervical artificial disc may mimic of physiological disc's biomechanical effects on segmental kinematics at implanted and adjacent levels more closely, compared to nonconstrained discs and AF. CSID disc may reduce the acceleration of postTDR degeneration at the implanted and adjacent levels due to this promoted biomechanical performance. CSID disc could be a potential candidate for future cervical artificial intervertebral prosthesis studies.
The role of three-dimensional printing in magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound surgery
Authors: Damianou Christakis , Giannakou Marinos , Yiallouras Christos , Menikou Georgios 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
This article describes novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible focused ultrasound robotic systems and agar-based MRI-compatible ultrasonic phantoms mimicking bone.

Materials and Methods:
All the robotic systems and phantoms were developed using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology using plastic material. The tissue surrounding the bone in the phantoms was mimicked using agar-based solutions.

Results:
The article presents MRI-guided focused ultrasound robotic systems for brain, prostate, and gynecological targets. It also reports on MRI-compatible ultrasonic phantoms for brain, breast, bone, and motion.

Conclusions:
The popular 3D printing technology serves a major role in MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery because MRI-guided focused ultrasound robotic systems can be developed. In addition, 3D printing can be used to develop MR-compatible phantoms that include bone structures for testing the safety and efficacy of focused ultrasound applications. All the developed structures have been evaluated in MRI environment using either mimicking materials or animals.
Quality of leadership in basic training
Authors: Martínez-Moreno A. , Morales Baños V. , Ibáñez Pérez R. 
Published: May 2018

<p>El objetivo del artículo es identificar el estilo de liderazgo de los alumnos de primer curso de Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y Deporte, futuros líderes de grupos-equipos humanos. La muestra está formada por 112 alumnos, de los que 76 (67,9%) son hombres y 36 (32,1%) mujeres. Se administró la versión española del <em>Cuestionario de Liderazgo Multifactorial</em>. Los resultados muestran una mayor influencia idealizada (atribución) con una media de 2,86, mientras que la conducta Laissez Faire obtuvo unos valores casi testimoniales de 1,29 puntos. Determinar que los alumnos de la muestra utilizan preferentemente el modelo transformacional, seguido muy de cerca por el transaccional. Este hecho repercutirá positivamente en los grupos-equipos humanos que puedan dirigir, respondiendo así, a los emergentes contextos organizativos que demandan principalmente acciones-cualidades-atributos presentes en dicho modelo.</p>
User satisfaction as a quality indicator in the municipal sports service. Perception, analysis and evolution
Authors: Armada E. , Martínez -Gallego F. , Segarra E. , Díaz A. 
Published: May 2018

<p>Abordamos un estudio longitudinal para determinar el grado de satisfacción del usuario con los servicios deportivos municipales del Ayuntamiento de Cartagena, analizar la evolución de la satisfacción a lo largo del tiempo, entre 1991 y 2015, para actualizar los niveles de calidad que ofrecen estos servicios y aportar un caso práctico de gestión orientado a la calidad, que pueda servir al benchmarking de los futuros gestores deportivos públicos.</p><p>El análisis global de las dimensiones de la encuesta indica que todos los recursos del servicio condicionan la calidad, aunque unos tienen mayor peso que otros en la satisfacción percibida, siendo en ambos periodos, las personas que prestan el servicio lo mejor valorado. Estos datos facilitan la toma de decisiones de mejora sobre los aspectos peor valorados y la aplicación de sistemas para afianzar la calidad, la satisfacción y la fidelización de los ciudadanos al servicio municipal de deportes. </p>
Cinquante ans de victimologie. Quelle place pour les victimes d’actes criminels dans la revue Criminologie de 1968 à aujourd’hui ?
Authors: Rossi1 Catherine , Gaudreault Arlène 
Published: May 2018

Dès son premier numéro, la revue Criminologie a fait une place à la victimologie, confirmant ainsi que la criminologie est bien la discipline mère de ce champ d’étude, à tout le moins dans le monde francophone. À l’aube du 50e anniversaire de la revue, un bilan s’impose : la victimologie sera-t-elle parvenue à se créer une place digne de ce nom au sein du monde de la recherche ? À partir de la lecture et de l’analyse des productions scientifiques de ces 50 dernières années, 89 textes scientifiques ayant pour objet les victimes ou la victimisation ont été extraits de la revue, et un bilan en a été dressé. Au final, il appert que certains grands thèmes victimologiques semblent avoir pris une place importante dans la revue depuis sa création et représentent le reflet d’une bonne partie de l’histoire de la victimologie, au Canada et au Québec, mais aussi sur le plan international. Pour autant, la ligne directrice de ces recherches reste disparate et éclatée et certaines orientations victimologiques se trouveront de leur côté presque absentes ou sous-représentées au sein de la revue. À partir de ce constat, il sera permis de faire des liens entre la présence de la victimologie dans la revue et la place occupée par la victimologie dans le monde de la recherche criminologique en général.
Effects of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) removal on shallow-water sediments in Fiji
Authors: Lee Steven , Ford Amanda K. , Mangubhai Sangeeta , Wild Christian , Ferse Sebastian C.A. 
Published: May 2018

Sea cucumbers play an important role in the recycling and remineralization of organic matter (OM) in reef sands through feeding, excretion, and bioturbation processes. Growing demand from Asian markets has driven the overexploitation of these animals globally. The implications of sea cucumber fisheries for shallow coastal ecosystems and their management remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, the current study manipulated densities of Holothuria scabra within enclosures on a reef flat in Fiji, between August 2015 and February 2016, to study the effects of sea cucumber removal on sedimentary function as a biocatalytic filter system. Three treatments were investigated: (i) high density (350 g m−2 wet weight; ca. 15 individuals); (ii) natural density (60 g m−2; ca. 3 individuals); and (iii) exclusion (0 g m−2). Quantity of sediment reworked through ingestion by H. scabra, grain size distribution, O2 penetration depth, and sedimentary oxygen consumption (SOC) were quantified within each treatment. Findings revealed that the natural population of H. scabra at the study site can rework ca. 10,590 kg dry sediment 1,000 m−2 year−1; more than twice the turnover rate recorded for H. atra and Stichopus chloronotus. There was a shift towards finer fraction grains in the high treatment. In the exclusion treatment, the O2 penetration depth decreased by 63% following a 6 °C increase in water temperature over the course of two months, while in the high treatment no such change was observed. SOC rates increased ca. two-fold in the exclusion treatment within the first month, and were consistently higher than in the high treatment. These results suggest that the removal of sea cucumbers can reduce the capacity of sediments to buffer OM pulses, impeding the function and productivity of shallow coastal ecosystems.
Time Trends in the Burden of Environmental Heat and Cold Exposure Among Children and Adolescents
Authors: He Yi-Sheng , Cao Fan , Hu Xiao , Liu Yu-Chen , Tao Sha-Sha , Wang Peng , Hou Shengping , Pan Hai-Feng 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceEnvironmental heat and cold exposure (EHCE) remains the principal preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in children and adolescents globally.ObjectiveTo report EHCE-related burden and analyze its temporal trends among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis repeated cross-sectional study used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, which encompassed 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years were included in the study. Data analysis occurred from December 2023 to March 2024.ExposureEHCE in children and adolescents from January 1990 to December 2019.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were cases and rates of EHCE incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs). Global trends in these metrics were also analyzed by sex, age, and sociodemographic index (SDI), which is a comprehensive indicator of the socioeconomic status of a country or region. A linear regression model was used to calculate AAPCs and a joinpoint regression model was used to identify the years in which trends changed significantly.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, EHCE-related incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs showed a downward trend globally. However, an upward trend in EHCE incidence and prevalence was detected between 2010 and 2019 (incidence AAPC, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.05-1.87; prevalence AAPC, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01-1.50). Regionally, although EHCE-related incidence showed a decreasing trend in most regions from 1990 to 2019, there were still some regions with an increasing trend (Southern sub-Saharan Africa AAPC, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.01-0.44). In 2019, the mortality and DALYs of EHCE were higher among children and adolescents in countries with low SDI levels. Additionally, the burden of EHCE among children and adolescents varied according to sex and age.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, a global increase was observed in EHCE incidence and prevalence since 2010. Furthermore, children and adolescents in low-SDI regions, which bear the brunt of the climate crisis, were disproportionately impacted. This suggests that future responses to climate change crises should emphasize health equity, which implies that vulnerable populations, such as children and adolescents, should be given priority in the allocation of resources to address climate change.