bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Features of the Femoral Proximocaudal Joint Capsule Insertion Among Canids
Authors: Lawler Dennis , Tangredi Basil , Owens Jerry , Evans Richard , Widga Christopher , Martin Terrance , Smith Gail , Schulz Kurt , Kohn Luci 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThis observational study was conducted to evaluate the anatomic relationship between the proximocaudal femoral joint capsule insertion and the femoral caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte (CCO), across ancient and modern domestic and non‐domestic canids. Museum specimens of proximal femora were screened for presence of remnant enthesophytes of the caudal joint capsule insertion (first inclusion criterion) and then for the CCO (second inclusion criterion). The initially screened population included 267 dry bone specimens: Six Canis species, hybrid coyote × domestic dog, and five vulpines (three Vulpes species, one Urocyon, and one Nyctereutes). Proximocaudal joint capsule insertion remnant enthesophytes were limiting at n = 19 specimens: Seven ancient domestic dogs, four modern coyotes, two ancient coyotes, two modern hybrid coyote × dog, two modern red foxes, and two modern raccoon dogs. The joint capsule enthesophytes are associated with inflammation, but are observed far less frequently than the CCO. The CCO is seen radiographically but is visible more frequently by direct inspection. The primary inclusion criterion necessarily was a visible caudal joint capsule insertion; spatial relationships of the CCO can be assigned with confidence only when a capsule insertion line can be recognized clearly. We demonstrate that the anatomic CCO associates with the joint capsule insertion being nonspecific and species‐independent. A joint capsule insertion‐CCO spatial relationship across species is an important new observation, strongly indicating that both are pathological features. Our data indicate need for new research to characterize the canid coxofemoral joint and its overt and incipient pathology in a phylogenetic context. Anat Rec, 302:2164–2170, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Real‐world outcomes of NSCLC patients receiving tissue or circulating tumor DNA‐guided osimertinib treatment
Authors: Su Po‐Lan , Yang Szu‐Chun , Chen Yi‐Lin , Wu Yi‐Lin , Lin Chia‐Ying , Chang Wei‐Yuan , Tseng Yau‐Lin , Lai Wu‐Wei , Ho Chung‐Liang , Lin Chien‐Chung , Su Wu‐Chou 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundOsimertinib yields significant tumor responses and durations of progression‐free survival (PFS) in patients with acquired T790M mutations. However, the evidence supporting liquid biopsy‐guided treatment is still limited. This study examined the real‐world benefits of osimertinib in patients with tissue or plasma T790M mutations.MethodsFrom January 2016 to June 2018, a total of 183 non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients were enrolled. The presence of the T790M mutation was assessed by either tissue or plasma. The PFS, overall survival, and tumor response rates of the patients were calculated and compared with those of previous clinical trials.ResultsT790M mutations were detected in 51.5% of the patients, including 64 of 140 (45.7%) who underwent liquid biopsies and 23 of 29 (79.3%) who underwent tumor biopsies. After excluding those in clinical trials, 46 patients received osimertinib, including 33 with positive plasma and 13 with positive tissue results for T790M mutations. The median PFS was 11.3 months (interquartile range: 5.2‐NR) in all the T790M‐positive patients and 10.1 months (interquartile range: 5.9‐NR) in the plasma T790M‐positive patients. The overall survival, meanwhile, was not reached, whereas the one‐year survival rate was 66.1% in all the patients and 61.4% in those who were plasma T790M‐positive. The objective response rate and disease control rate were 37.8% and 91.9% in all the patients and 34.6% and 92.3% in the plasma T790M‐positive group, respectively. Using a Cox proportional hazards regression, we determined that male gender was a poor prognostic factor for PFS.ConclusionsIn this retrospective real‐world analysis, it was determined that both tissue and plasma T790M mutations can be used to guide treatment with osimertinib. Similar disease control rates and survival durations were observed in comparison to those of phase 3 clinical trials.
The blackberry indicator – an everyday chemical substitute for a phenolphthalein solution
Authors: Jansen David , Hauswald Felix , Romer Felix 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDer Brombeerindikator (BI) ist ein wässriger pH‐Indikator. Er hat bei pH≈2,3 sowie bei pH≈7,7 zwei deutliche Umschlagspunkte. Daher ist er beispielsweise hervorragend für die Titration einer schwachen Säure mit einer starken Base einsetzbar. Er ist alltagsnah und eignet sich deswegen in besonderer Weise für einen Einsatz in der Schule.
The ancestor of lithium‐ion batteries – a modified experiment of the historically significant Rüdorff‐Hofmann‐battery suitable for pupils
Authors: Novotny Jana , Quarthal Dominik , Oetken Marco 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLithium‐Ionen‐Akkumulatoren sind nicht mehr wegzudenken: Überall wo man portable elektrische Energie benötigt, sind sie zu finden, wie bspw. in Handys, Laptops sowie elektrisch betriebenen Automobilen. Dies wundert nicht, da sie aufgrund des hohen negativen Standardelektrodenpotentials (−3 V) und der geringen molaren Masse von Lithium (ca. 7 g mol−1) die derzeit leistungsfähigsten Batteriesysteme darstellen [1]. Weitgehend unbekannt ist, dass bereits 1938 durch die wegweisenden Arbeiten von Walter Rüdorff und Ulrich Hofmann die Grundlagen für die heutigen Lithium‐Ionen‐Akkumulatoren gelegt wurden. Im Folgenden soll ein neues, eindrucksvolles Alternativ‐Experiment dargestellt werden, da es sich aufgrund der Verwendung hochkonzentrierter Schwefelsäure im originalen Experiment nicht empfiehlt, die stahlblaue Graphit‐Schwefelsäure‐Verbindung im Schulexperiment so herzustellen. Um die Funktionsweise des sogenannten Urahns des Lithium‐Ionen‐Akkumulators dennoch experimentell erschließen zu können, wird mit Polypyrrol als elektrochromes Material auf FTO‐Gläsern gearbeitet.
Transplantation in adults with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia who are treated with blinatumomab from a phase 3 study
Authors: Jabbour Elias J. , Gökbuget Nicola , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Thomas Xavier , Larson Richard A. , Yoon Sung‐Soo , Ghobadi Armin , Topp Max S. , Tran Qui , Franklin Janet L. , Forman Stephen J. , Stein Anthony S. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundBlinatumomab, a bispecific T‐cell‐engaging (BiTE®) immuno‐oncology therapy, demonstrated superior overall survival versus standard‐of‐care chemotherapy (SOC) in adults with relapsed/refractory B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R ALL) in the phase 3 TOWER study. Herein, the authors reported clinical features and outcomes for those patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) after treatment with blinatumomab.MethodsIn the TOWER study, adults with R/R ALL were randomized 2:1 to receive blinatumomab or SOC. Study treatment consisted of 2 cycles of induction with blinatumomab or SOC followed by consolidation and maintenance therapy. At any time after the first cycle, patients who were eligible for HSCT could proceed to HSCT.ResultsOf the 97 patients who underwent HSCT during the study, baseline characteristics generally were comparable and donor types were similar between the patients treated with blinatumomab (65 patients) and those receiving SOC (32 patients). There was no evidence to suggest that the survival benefit of HSCT differed between the patients treated with blinatumomab and those receiving SOC (P = .68). On the basis of descriptive statistics, a survival benefit of HSCT versus no HSCT was not observed in patients who achieved complete remission with full, partial, or incomplete hematologic recovery with blinatumomab (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.54‐2.53). The best outcomes were achieved in patients with no prior salvage therapy and with minimal residual disease response to blinatumomab regardless of on‐study HSCT status.ConclusionsSurvival was found to be driven by response to study treatment and by salvage status regardless of on‐study HSCT status. These data should be interpreted with caution because the current study was not designed to prospectively assess survival outcomes associated with HSCT after blinatumomab.Lay Summary

Evidence before this study: Blinatumomab is associated with superior morphologic and molecular response rates and superior overall outcome when compared with standard of care chemotherapy in adults with relapsed/refractory B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Added value of this study: The best outcomes with blinatumomab were observed in patients who achieved minimal residual disease remission in first salvage treatment regardless of subsequent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Implications of all the available evidence: Patients achieving CR/CRh/CRi following blinatumomab can have a durable response with or without HSCT.
Partnered status and receipt of guideline‐concordant adjuvant chemotherapy among patients with colon cancer
Authors: Veenstra Christine M. , Hawley Sarah T. , McLeod M. Chandler , Banerjee Mousumi , Griggs Jennifer J. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundPartnered status is an independent predictor of clinical outcomes, including overall survival, among patients with cancer. However, the mechanisms by which partnered status impacts survival are not fully understood and to the authors' knowledge the associations between partnered status and the specific attributes of chemotherapy have not been studied to date.MethodsThe current study was an observational study of patients with resected American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage III colon cancer diagnosed from 2008 through 2015 and recruited from an academic cancer center and 2 large community oncology practices. Outcome measures were specific attributes of adjuvant chemotherapy. Partnered status (partnered vs unpartnered) was the primary independent variable. Bivariate comparisons between independent variables and the primary outcomes were performed. Associations between partnered status and the outcomes also were analyzed using multivariable generalized estimating equations using a logit link.ResultsData were collected from 436 patients. Of these patients, approximately 65% were from community oncology practices. Approximately 62% were partnered (married or living with a partner), and approximately 86% received adjuvant chemotherapy. Among these individuals, 87% received multiagent chemotherapy and 65% completed 6 months of therapy. Partnered patients were found to have a higher odds of completing chemotherapy (odds ratio, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.04‐3.77).ConclusionsIn this innovative investigation of the associations between partnered status and specific attributes of curative‐intent chemotherapy, approximately 35% of patients terminated chemotherapy early. Having a partner increased the odds of completing therapy, which may be one mechanism through which having a partner improves disease‐specific outcomes among patients with colon cancer. Identifying those aspects of partner support that can be reproduced with community or clinical personnel may help unpartnered patients to complete the recommended course of curative‐intent chemotherapy.
Enhancement of Charge Transport in Polythiophene Semiconducting Polymer by Blending with Graphene Nanoparticles
Authors: Pavlica Egon , Pastukhova Nadiia , Nawrocki Robert A. , Ciesielski Artur , Tkachuk Vadym , Samorì Paolo , Bratina Gvido 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper describes a study on the charge transport in a composite of liquid‐exfoliated graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) and a polythiophene semiconducting polymer. While the former component is highly conducting, although it consists of isolated nanostructures, the latter offers an efficient charge transport path between the individual GNPs within the film, overall yielding enhanced charge transport properties of the resulting bi‐component system. The electrical characteristics of the composite layers were investigated by means of measurements of time‐of‐flight photoconductivity and transconductance in field‐effect transistors. In order to analyze both phenomena separately, charge density and charge mobility contributions to the conductivity were singled out. With the increasing GNP concentration, the charge mobility was found to increase, thereby reducing the time spent by the carriers on the polymer chains. In addition, for GNP loading above 0.2 % (wt.), an increase of free charge density was observed that highlights an additional key role played by doping. Variable‐range hopping model of a mixed two‐ and three‐dimensional transport is explained using temperature dependence of mobility and free charge density. The temperature variation of free charge density was related to the electron transfer from polythiophene to GNP, with an energy barrier of 24 meV.
Strontium enhances proliferation and osteogenic behavior of bone marrow stromal cells of mesenchymal and ectomesenchymal origins in vitro
Authors: Bizelli‐Silveira Carolina , Abildtrup Lisbeth Ann , Spin‐Neto Rubens , Foss Morten , Søballe Kjeld , Kraft David Christian Evar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObejectiveTo investigate the effect of increasing Strontium (Sr) concentrations on the growth and osteogenic behavior of human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from mesenchymal (i.e., fibula) and ectomesenchymal (i.e., mandible) embryonic origins.Materials and methodsFibula and mandible BMSCs were cultured in media without (Ctrl) or with Sr in four diverse concentrations: Sr1, 11.3 × 10−3 mg/L, human seric physiological level; Sr2, 13 mg/L, human seric level after strontium ranelate treatment; Sr3, 130 mg/L, and Sr4, 360 mg/L. Proliferation rate (1, 3, and 7 days), osteogenic behavior (alkaline phosphatase [ALP] activity, 7 and 14 days; expression of osteogenic genes (ALP, osteopontin, and osteocalcin at 7, 14, and 21 days), and formation of mineralized nodules (14 and 21 days) of the BMSCs were assessed. Data was compared group‐ and period‐wise using analysis of variance tests.ResultsFibula and mandible BMSCs cultured with Sr4 showed increased proliferation rate, and osteocalcin and osteopontin gene expression together with more evident formation of mineralized nodules, compared all other Sr concentrations. For both cell populations, Sr4 led to lower ALP activity, and ALP gene expression, compared with the other Sr concentrations.ConclusionBMSCs from mesenchymal (i.e., fibula) and ectomesenchymal (i.e., mandible) embryonic origins showed increased cellular proliferation and osteogenic behavior when cultured with Sr4, in vitro.
Hydatid cyst of femur, radiologically mimicking a sarcoma
Authors: Ramteke Prashant , Phulware Ravi H. , Shende Tripti , Sahoo Biswajit , Barwad Adarsh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHydatid disease is a rare pathology, but relatively common in the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Central Asia, and East Africa. It may develop in almost any part of the body, although most hydatid cysts occur in the liver or in the lung. Bone involvement is rare, and accounts for only 0.5% to 4% of all locations. Most of the hydatid cyst are diagnosed on the basis of their clinical and radiological presentation. However, in cases with an atypical presentation, FNAC may be used to evaluate the nature of lesion.
Effects of taxon sampling and tree reconstruction methods on phylodiversity metrics
Authors: Jantzen Johanna R. , Whitten William M. , Neubig Kurt M. , Majure Lucas C. , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

The amount and patterns of phylodiversity in a community are often used to draw inferences about the local and historical factors affecting community assembly and can be used to prioritize communities and locations for conservation. Because measures of phylodiversity are based on the topology and branch lengths of phylogenetic trees, which are affected by the number and diversity of taxa in the tree, these analyses may be sensitive to changes in taxon sampling and tree reconstruction methods.

To investigate the effects of taxon sampling and tree reconstruction methods on measures of phylodiversity, we investigated the community phylogenetics of the Ordway‐Swisher Biological Station (Florida), which is home to over 600 species of vascular plants. We studied the effects of (a) the number of taxa included in the regional phylogeny; (b) random versus targeted sampling of species to assemble the regional species pool; (c) including only species from specific clades rather than broad sampling; (d) using trees reconstructed directly for the taxa under study compared to trees pruned from a larger reconstructed tree; and (e) using phylograms compared to chronograms.

We found that including more taxa in a study increases the likelihood of observing significantly nonrandom phylogenetic patterns. However, there were no consistent trends in the phylodiversity patterns based on random taxon sampling compared to targeted sampling, or within individual clades compared to the complete dataset. Using pruned and reconstructed phylogenies resulted in similar patterns of phylodiversity, while chronograms in some cases led to significantly different results from phylograms.

The methods commonly used in community phylogenetic studies can significantly impact the results, potentially influencing both inferences of community assembly and conservation decisions. We highlight the need for both careful selection of methods in community phylogenetic studies and appropriate interpretation of results, depending on the specific questions to be addressed.
The fate and function of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells after traumatic spinal cord injury
Authors: Duncan Greg J. , Manesh Sohrab B. , Hilton Brett J. , Assinck Peggy , Plemel Jason R. , Tetzlaff Wolfram 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are the most proliferative and dispersed population of progenitor cells in the adult central nervous system, which allows these cells to rapidly respond to damage. Oligodendrocytes and myelin are lost after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), compromising efficient conduction and, potentially, the long‐term health of axons. In response, OPCs proliferate and then differentiate into new oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells to remyelinate axons. This culminates in highly efficient remyelination following experimental SCI in which nearly all intact demyelinated axons are remyelinated in rodent models. However, myelin regeneration comprises only one role of OPCs following SCI. OPCs contribute to scar formation after SCI and restrict the regeneration of injured axons. Moreover, OPCs alter their gene expression following demyelination, express cytokines and perpetuate the immune response. Here, we review the functional contribution of myelin regeneration and other recently uncovered roles of OPCs and their progeny to repair following SCI.
Salvage surgery for recurrent larynx cancer
Authors: Mimica Ximena , Hanson Martin , Patel Snehal G. , McGill Marlena , McBride Sean , Lee Nancy , Dunn Lara A. , Cracchiolo Jennifer R. , Shah Jatin P. , Wong Richard J. , Ganly Ian , Cohen Marc A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite advances in treatment, the recurrence rates for laryngeal cancer range from 16% to 40%.MethodsPatients with recurrent laryngeal cancer treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) from 1999 to 2016 were reviewed. Survival outcomes were analyzed.ResultsOf 241 patients, 88% were male; the median age was 67 years; 71% had primary glottic tumors. At initial treatment, 72% of patients were seen with early stage disease; primary treatment was radiation (68%), chemoradiation (29%), and surgery (3%). The most common salvage surgery was total laryngectomy (74%). Forty‐seven percentage were upstaged at salvage surgery. The 2‐ and 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) was 74% and 57%, respectively. Patients with cT4 disease treated with nonsurgical primary management had a 0% 5‐year DSS. Independent predictors of DSS were tumor location, perineural invasion, margin, and stage.ConclusionsSalvage surgery results in acceptable oncologic outcomes. Stage, disease site, perineural invasion, and margins are associated with inferior DSS.
The Best of Both Worlds: Agile Development Meets Product Line Engineering at Lockheed Martin
Authors: Gregg Susan P. , Scharadin Rick , Clements Paul C. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTAgile development has long been touted to optimize software development team efficiency and improve project success. Product line engineering (PLE) brings large‐scale improvements in cost, time to market, product quality, and more. Can these two paradigms work in concert with each other? This paper details the experience of Lockheed Martin as it introduced large‐scale agile development practices on one of its largest and most successful product line engineering efforts.
Model‐based Product Line Engineering–Enabling Product Families with Variants
Authors: Hause Matthew , Hummell James 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTProduct Lines are a group of related products manufactured or produced within or between collaborating organizations. Effectively managing a product line requires understanding the similarities and differences between products, optimizing the development life cycle to leverage the similarities, and concentrating development on the differences. ISO 26550:2013 Software & Systems Engineering–Reference Model for Product Line Management & Engineering provides a standard for defining similarities, differences, and the choices between them. Model‐Based Systems and Software Engineering (MBSE) using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML) provides a means of modeling systems and software. Bringing the two together allows users to model product lines in industry standard formats. These standards provide Model‐Based Product Line Engineering (MB‐PLE). Combining these with an execution engine means product models can be created for specific products, whilst maintaining the original product line model, providing significant return on investment (ROI) for aerospace companies.
Model Based Engineering and Product Line Engineering: Combining Two Powerful Approaches at Raytheon
Authors: Young Bobbi , Clements Paul 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTModel‐based engineering (MBE) refers to a systems engineering approach that employs models as an integral part of a system's engineering stream, providing a formality and semantic rigor that lends itself to analysis and prediction, thus enabling earlier detection of problems. Product line engineering (PLE) is a way to engineer a portfolio of related products in an efficient manner, taking full advantage of the products’ similarities while respecting and managing their differences. Raytheon, one of the world's largest defense contractors, is applying PLE and MBE together and combining the benefits of each. This paper will show how Raytheon is using the two methodologies to support each other, and the lessons it is learning as it does so.