bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What does the nurse practitioner mean to you? A patient‐oriented qualitative study in oncological/palliative care
Authors: van Dusseldorp Loes , Groot Marieke , Adriaansen Marian , van Vught Anneke , Vissers Kris , Peters Jeroen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore what meaning patients associate with their experiences with a nurse practitioner (NP) in oncological or palliative care.BackgroundCare provided by NPs results in high patient satisfaction, mostly related to the assurance of continuity of care, and to receiving information and advice on coping with the disease. Research shows that health care provided by NPs equals the quality of care provided by physicians. Patients may be even more satisfied with care provided by NPs. Because patients’ views have only been examined quantitatively, underlying experiences and meanings remain unclear.DesignA qualitative study from a phenomenological perspective.MethodsIn 2017, seventeen outpatients aged 45–79 years, receiving oncological or palliative care, were interviewed in depth. Data were analysed by Colaizzi's seven‐step method and by the Metaphor Identification Procedure.ResultsSix fundamental themes emerged: the NP as a human (1) and as a professional (2), the NP providing care (3) and cure (4), NPs organising patient care (5) and the impact on patient's well‐being (6). MIP analysis revealed six metaphors: NP means trust; is a travel aid; is a combat unit; is a chain; is a signpost; and is a technician.ConclusionsNPs mean a lot to patients. NPs are valued as reliable, helpful and empathic. Patients feel empowered, at peace and in control as a result of the support, guidance and attention to them as a person as well as to aspects of the disease. Providing expert, integrated care makes patients feel safe and embraced in the NP's expertise.Relevance to clinical practiceThis qualitative insight into patients’ experiences will contribute to the body of knowledge on patients’ perceptions of the treatment and support provided by NPs. It adds to the further development of the NPs’ profession and education.
Pharyngeal swallowing in older adults: Kinematic analysis using three‐dimensional dynamic computed tomography
Authors: Pongpipatpaiboon Kannit , Inamoto Yoko , Saitoh Eiichi , Kagaya Hitoshi , Shibata Seiko , Aoyagi Yoichiro , Fujii Naoko , Palmer Jeffrey B. , Fernández Marlís G. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryObjectivesTo assess the effect of age on swallowing with a focus on structural movement, timing and duration of physiologic events.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingTertiary University Medical Center.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling adults (3 age groups): younger 20 to 39 (n = 23; mean 32 ± 5), middle‐aged 40 to 59 (n = 29; mean 49 ± 5) and older adults 60 to 74 (n = 15; mean 67 ± 5).InterventionOne 10‐mL honey‐thick liquid (1700 mPa) swallow was studied using 320‐row area detector computed tomography scanning.MeasurementsKinematic analysis was performed for each swallow including temporal characteristics and structural movements.ResultsThe duration of velopharyngeal closure and laryngeal closure (including epiglottis inversion, laryngeal vestibule closure, true vocal cord closure) was significantly different by age group (P = 0.002, P < 0.001, P = 0.017, P = 0.041, respectively). Events were prolonged in older adults compared with middle‐aged and younger adults. The pharyngeal phase was longer for older adults. Velopharyngeal closure started earlier and continued until after complete UES opening. In younger adults, velopharyngeal and laryngeal opening occurred before complete UES opening. No differences were found in bolus movement through the oropharynx by group.ConclusionDuring swallowing, older adults had a longer pharyngeal phase characterised by prolonged velopharyngeal and laryngeal closure. This difference may be a protective mechanism to compensate for age‐related weakness. A better understanding of the mechanism by which this adaptation occurs is needed to tailor rehabilitation strategies and to maintain swallowing function during the lifespan.
Is there a higher prevalence of tinnitus in patients with temporomandibular disorders? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mottaghi Ariyan , Menéndez‐Díaz Iván , Cobo Juan L. , González‐Serrano José , Cobo Teresa 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine whether there exists a higher prevalence of tinnitus in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) than in patients without TMDs. A systematic review was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE for articles published between January 1992 and April 2018 in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Studies were included in this review only if they assessed TMDs using the research diagnostic criteria (RDC)/TMD or DC/TMD. A total of five studies were included in the systematic review, and a random‐effects meta‐analysis of three of the studies was conducted. In all of the selected studies, the prevalence of tinnitus was higher in patients with TMDs (35.8% to 60.7%) than in patients without TMDs (9.7% to 26.0%). The odds ratio of suffering from tinnitus among patients with TMDs was 4.45 (95% CI 1.64‐12.11. P = 0.003). Thus, despite the limitations of the included studies, this review demonstrates that the prevalence of tinnitus in TMD patients is significantly higher than that in patients without TMD.
Oral function of older people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia
Authors: Delwel Suzanne , Scherder Erik J. A. , Perez Roberto S. G. M. , Hertogh Cees M. P. M. , Maier Andrea B. , Lobbezoo Frank 
Published: August 2018

SummaryObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine and compare the oral function of older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.MethodsThis cross‐sectional observational study included participants with MCI or dementia aged 60 years or older. Global cognitive functioning was evaluated with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the oral function was evaluated with subjective and objective assessments, including the perceived quality of chewing and swallowing, the function of the prostheses, the number of occluding pairs (OP), the degree of tooth wear and the active and passive maximum mouth opening.ResultsThe quality of chewing and swallowing was perceived as good in, respectively, 86.0% and 90.9% of the participants. Full or partial prostheses were worn by 63.8% of the participants, and the retention was good in 58.4% of the upper and 50.0% of the lower prostheses. Participants with MCI had a median of 3.0 (Inter Quartile Range [IQR] 0.0‐7.5) occluding pairs, while participants with dementia had a median of 0.0 (IQR 0.0‐1.0) occluding pairs, U = 3838.50, P < 0.001. There was a weak positive correlation between the number of occluding pairs and the MMSE score, r = 0.267, also when adjusted for age, r = 0.230. The median tooth wear score was 2.0 (IQR 2.0‐2.0) in participants with MCI or dementia. The active maximum mouth opening was 45.8 (SD 9.3) mm in participants with dementia, while it was 49.8 (SD 8.1) mm in those with MCI, t(253) = 2.67, P = 0.008.ConclusionFor most participants with MCI or dementia, the swallowing ability and chewing ability were perceived as good. In addition, more than half of the prostheses had good retention and occlusion. Participants with more severe cognitive impairment had fewer occluding pairs and a smaller active mouth opening. The degree of tooth wear was less than one‐third of the clinical crown in most participants with MCI or dementia.
Biomechanical effect of mandibular advancement device with different protrusion positions for treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea on tooth and facial bone: A finite element study
Authors: Lee Ji‐Soo , Choi Hye‐In , Lee Hyeonjong , Ahn Su‐Jin , Noh Gunwoo 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe mandibular advancement device (MAD) is widely used for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) treatment, and several studies have demonstrated its effectiveness. However, no comprehensive studies have yet examined the biomechanical safety of the MAD.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to analyse the biomechanical effect of different protrusion positions of a MAD on the teeth and facial bones.MethodsThe posterior restorative forces due to the stretched mandibular muscles were measured by pressure sensors attached to the experimental mandibular advancement device for mandibular protrusions of 10‐70% of the maximum protrusion of the subject. A detailed three‐dimensional biomechanical model of the study subject, constructed from computed tomography scans, was used in finite element analysis, with loading conditions calculated from the measured posterior restorative forces. The outcome measures were the principal stresses on the periodontal ligaments (PDL) and cancellous bone, and the pressure at the PDL surfaces. The measurements were used to analyse the risk of the tooth movement, tooth root resorption, and bone resorption.ResultsThe lowest and highest restorative forces occurred at 40% and 70% of maximum protrusion, respectively. The highest risk of tooth movement occurred at the mandibular molar teeth. The mandibular second molar teeth had the highest risks of root and bone resorption.ConclusionsMandibular advancement at 70% of maximum protrusion induces risks of tooth root resorption and bone resorption. The mandibular second molars were subjected to the highest stresses. Stress on the teeth and facial bones was the lowest at 40% of maximum mandibular advancement.
Tinnitus as a comorbidity to temporomandibular disorders—A systematic review
Authors: Skog Caroline , Fjellner Jesper , Ekberg EwaCarin , Häggman‐Henrikson Birgitta 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the prevalence of tinnitus in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and the possible effects of TMD treatment on tinnitus symptoms. A search of the PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane databases from inception of each database up to January 2017 found 222 articles. After independent screening of abstracts by two of the authors, we assessed 46 articles in full text. The inclusion and exclusion criteria reduced these to 25 articles of which 22 studies reported prevalence based on 13 358 patients and 33 876 controls, and eight studies reported effect of TMD treatment on tinnitus based on 536 patients and 18 controls. The prevalence of tinnitus in patients with TMD varied from 3.7% to 70% (median 42.3%) whereas the prevalence in control groups without TMD varied between 1.7% and 26% (median 12%). The eight treatment studies indicated that treatment of TMD symptoms may have a beneficial effect on severity of tinnitus. However, only one treatment study included a control group, meaning that the overall level of evidence is low. The finding that tinnitus is more common in patients with TMD means that it can be regarded as a comorbidity to TMD. However, in view of the lack of evidence currently available, further well‐designed and randomised studies with control groups are needed to investigate whether possible mechanisms common to tinnitus and TMD do exist and whether TMD treatment can be justified to try to alleviate tinnitus in patients with TMD and comorbidity of tinnitus.
An experimental chronic obstructive sialadenitis model by partial ligation of the submandibular duct characterised by sialography, histology, and transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Li Wei , Wei Lili , Wang Fang , Peng Shangwen , Cheng Yong , Li Bo 
Published: August 2018

SummaryExtensive investigation into the mechanism of chronic obstructive sialadenitis (COS) calls for a reliable model that mimics the onset and progression of the disease. Duct obstruction is closely correlated with COS, and partial duct obstruction is usually observed in COS. Partial ligation of ducts or vessels is a valid treatment to mimic pathological processes in certain animal studies. In this study, we developed a novel animal model of COS by incomplete ligation of Wharton's duct and clarified the corresponding morphological alterations in the submandibular gland. Partial ligation of Wharton's duct in Japanese white rabbits resulted in a gradually progressive COS model as demonstrated by sialographic, gross, microscopic, and ultrastructural changes in acinar and ductal degenerations over 8 weeks. The model is a feasible option for investigating the pathogenesis of COS and evaluating the efficacy and safety of novel treatments of COS.
Airway increase after open bite closure with temporary anchorage devices for intrusion of the upper posteriors: Evidence from 2D cephalometric measurements and 3D magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Chen Yunn‐Jy , Chen Hsin‐Ho , Hsu Li‐Fang , Wang Shin‐Huei , Chen Yi‐Jane , Lai Eddie Hsiang‐Hua , Chang Jenny Zwei‐Chieng , Yao Chung‐Chen Jane 
Published: August 2018

SummaryObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyse morphological changes in the upper airways in patients with anterior open bite treated with temporary anchorage devices for intrusion of upper posterior teeth.Materials and MethodsTwelve nonobese (body mass index: <25) anterior open bite patients between the ages of 19 and 44 years (mean age: 22.83 ± 8.19 years) were recruited for this study. Cephalometric radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans before and after anterior bite closure without bracketing on anterior teeth were used to measure the upper airway, which was divided into retropalatal and retroglossal regions.ResultsThe mandibular plane angle and lower facial height were significantly reduced by intrusion of the upper posteriors and autorotation of the mandible. The retroglossal airway width (AW2) and retroglossal area (RG area) measured on cephalometric radiographs both increased significantly after treatment. Retroglossal volume increased and the retroglossal width/length ratio decreased significantly in MRI analysis. All other measurements were not significantly changed. However, no statistically significant correlations were observed between all measurements in 2D and 3D images, with the exception of the AW2 linear measurement in 2D images correlating with the AP length in MRI axial view images (r = 0.56, P = 0.0430).ConclusionCounterclockwise rotation of the mandible after anterior open bite closed using orthodontic treatment changed the airway morphology. Retroglossal volume significantly increased and the airway shape became less elliptical after bite closure.
Improving patient education about tobacco withdrawal and nicotine gum use by registered nurses in inpatient psychiatry: A feasibility study
Authors: Muladore Erin , Brown Jill A. , Haefner Judy , Kupferschmid Barbara 
Published: August 2018

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Many psychiatric inpatients use tobacco, but most psychiatric hospital units prohibit tobacco use. Psychiatric nurses do not receive adequate education about how to teach patients to best manage tobacco withdrawal symptoms.

What does this paper add to existing knowledge?

Psychiatric nurses who receive a brief educational intervention about tobacco withdrawal symptoms and best practices for using nicotine gum may be more prepared to teach patients about these topics. In turn, patients may use nicotine gum more often during their hospitalization, leading to improved outcomes for them as well as for staff.

What are the implications for practice?

A simple educational intervention aimed at psychiatric nurses can result in positive outcomes for psychiatric inpatients who use tobacco. Patients who have a positive experience with stopping tobacco use while hospitalized may be more likely to commit to lifelong tobacco cessation afterwards. The results of this feasibility study demonstrate that additional research that builds on the work presented here is warranted.

AbstractIntroductionTobacco use is prohibited in most psychiatric facilities in the United States, yet many psychiatric inpatients are tobacco users. Psychiatric nurses have reported inadequate education about best practices for managing tobacco dependence.AimTo explore the feasibility of an educational intervention for psychiatric nurses designed to improve their ability to educate patients about best practices for managing tobacco dependence, as well as effective use of nicotine gum.MethodFourteen nurses on a psychiatric inpatient unit at a community hospital were educated about the targeted topics. Chart reviews of nonequivalent pre‐intervention and post‐intervention patient groups were conducted to explore the outcomes of the intervention.ResultsPatients received more teaching, and used nicotine gum more often, following the intervention. However, no statistically significant differences between the pre‐intervention and post‐intervention patient groups were found.DiscussionEducating nurses about best practices for managing tobacco withdrawal symptoms may have positive outcomes. Existing research suggests that such interventions may be most effective when support and structure are provided to ensure long‐term practice changes.Implications for practiceThis feasibility study demonstrates that a brief nurse education intervention has the potential to improve the experience of tobacco withdrawal for psychiatric inpatients. Future research that expands upon the current project is warranted.
Effects of natural dietary supplementation with Macleaya cordata extract containing sanguinarine on growth performance and gut health of early‐weaned piglets
Authors: Chen Jiashun , Kang Baoju , Zhao Yurong , Yao Kang , Fu Chenxing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Sangrovit® (SAG; minimum of 1.5% sanguinarine, a quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid extracted from Macleaya cordata) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal microflora and its metabolites of early‐weaned piglets. A total of 20 healthy weaned piglets (Duroc× [Large White×Landrace]), weaned at 21 days of age with an average body weight (BW) of 6.52 ± 0.23 kg, were randomly assigned to receive either a corn‐soybean meal basal diet (CTR) or a basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg SAG (SAG). During the 21‐days trial, we collected and analysed intestinal tissues and the luminal digesta for their morphology and populations of gut microbiota, as well as for measuring the concentrations of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and ammonia. Compared with the CTR group, supplementation with SAG improved average daily gains (p = 0.011) and average daily feed intake (p = 0.037). Piglets fed the SAG diet had an average lower value for crypt depth of the jejunum (p = 0.011) and greater values for villus height in the ileum (p = 0.015) and ratios of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum (p < 0.01) and in the ileum (p = 0.027) than did animals receiving the CTR diet. The addition of SAG increased the amounts of Lactobacillus in the ileum (p = 0.033) and caecum (p < 0.01), and tended to increase the amounts of Bifidobacterium (p = 0.058) in the caecum, while decreasing the amounts of Escherichia coli (p = 0.046) and Salmonella spp. (p = 0.035) in the ileum, as well as Salmonella spp. (p = 0.029) in the caecum. Dietary supplementation with SAG enhanced (p < 0.05) the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate and total SCFAs, and also tended to increase the level of valerate (p = 0.055 and p = 0.052) in the ileal and caecal contents when compared with the CTR group. Concentrations of ammonia also declined in the caecal (p = 0.037) and ileal (p = 0.046) digesta in response to SAG. These results indicate that feeding early‐weaned piglets a SAG‐supplemented diet can potentially improve their growth performance and intestinal morphology, and can modify the intestinal luminal environment in a beneficial manner.
Progression and complications of canine cataracts for different stages of development and aetiologies
Authors: Fischer M. C. , Meyer‐Lindenberg A. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate progression and complications of various cataract aetiologies and stages of development.Materials and MethodsIn all, 447 eyes of 250 dogs with cataracts were monitored between 2012 and 2015. Breed, gender, age, vision, types of cataract, stage of cataract development (incipient, immature, mature and hypermature), complications of cataracts, ocular ultrasonography and electroretinography findings were recorded. Re‐examinations were performed after a minimum of 1, 6 and 12 months. A relative rate of progression within 1 month was determined and progression was categorised as stationary, slow, moderate or rapid.ResultsOverall, 44∙7% cataracts progressed and 55∙3% remained stationary. Incipient, immature, mature and hypermature cataracts progressed in 34∙1, 72∙7, 66∙7 and 44∙6% of cases, respectively. Hereditary, congenital, diabetic, contusive trauma‐related, perforating trauma‐related, radiation‐related, senile cataracts and cataracts secondary to concurrent ocular diseases progressed in 47∙1, 66∙7, 66∙7, 50, 44∙4, 0, 29∙9 and 48∙9% of cases, respectively. Rapid progression was identified in 13∙3% of diabetic and 4∙3% of hereditary cataracts. Complications were diagnosed in 43∙5% and occurred at any stage but more frequently the further the cataract had developed. Lens‐induced uveitis was the most common complication. Diabetic, traumatic, secondary and hereditary cataracts were associated with more complications than senile cataracts.Clinical SignificanceStage of development and cataract aetiology are associated with different rates of progression and complications.
Saccadic eye movements estimate prolonged time awake
Authors: Pettersson Kati , Müller Kiti , Tietäväinen Aino , Gould Kristian , Hæggström Edward 
Published: August 2018

AbstractProlonged time awake increases the need to sleep. Sleep pressure increases sleepiness, impairs human alertness and performance and increases the probability of human errors and accidents. Human performance and alertness during waking hours are influenced by homeostatic sleep drive and the circadian rhythm. Cognitive functions, especially attentional ones, are vulnerable to circadian rhythm and increasing sleep drive. A reliable, objective and practical metrics for estimating sleepiness could therefore be valuable. Our aim is to study whether saccades measured with electro‐oculography (EOG) outside the laboratory could be used to estimate the overall time awake without sleep of a person. The number of executed saccades was measured in 11 participants during an 8‐min saccade task. The saccades were recorded outside the laboratory (Naval Academy, Bergen) using EOG every sixth hour until 54 hr of time awake. Measurements were carried out on two occasions separated by 10 weeks. Five participants participated in both measurement weeks. The number of saccades decreased during sustained wakefulness. The data correlated with the three‐process model of alertness; performance differed between participants but was stable within individual participants. A mathematically monotonous relation between performance in the saccade task and time awake was seen after removing the circadian rhythm component from measured eye movement data. The results imply that saccades measured with EOG can be used as a time‐awake metric outside the laboratory.