bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chinese trade price and Yuan's valuation
Authors: Gao Yichen , Gan Li , Li Qi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper studies how the major economic events would have affected Chinese yuan's nominal exchange rate against US dollar from 1989 to 2013. The traditional average treatment effect estimation methods cannot be used to consistently estimate yuan's pegged exchange rate. We develop a new estimation strategy by combining a novel panel data method (proposed by Hisao, Ching and Wan) and the purchasing power parity theory. Based on this new estimation strategy, we find that during the period of pegging to US dollar, Chinese yuan were undervalued. Before the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, the pegged exchange rate regime starting from January 1994 made the yuan undervalued by 2.62%. China's accession to WTO caused yuan undervalued by 36.60%. After the reform of Chinese exchange rate policy in July 2005, the undervaluation of the yuan was reduced to only 0.76%. Yuan was undervalued again by 20.43% because of 2008 China's economy stimulus package. The policy reform in June 2010 made yuan overvalued by 14.40%. We conclude that Chinese fixed exchange rate policy indeed undervalued the yuan, especially after its accession to WTO. The recent reforms of Chinese exchange rate policy made progresses in re‐evaluating the yuan.
ACOUSTICAL STANDARDS NEWS
Authors: Struck Christopher J. 
Published: November 2018

American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developed by Accredited Standards Committees S1, S2, S3, S3/SC 1, and S12 in the areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock, bioacoustics, animal bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). In addition to these standards, ASA publishes a catalog of Acoustical American National Standards. To receive a copy of the latest Standards catalog, please contact asastds@acousticalsociety.org.
Comments are welcomed on all material in Acoustical Standards News.
This Acoustical Standards News section in JASA and other information on the Standards Program of the Acoustical Society of America are available via the ASA home page: http://acousticalsociety.org.
Epidemiology of injuries, treatment (costs) and outcome in burn patients admitted to a hospital with or without dedicated burn centre (Burn-Pro): protocol for a multicentre prospective observational study
Authors: Van Lieshout Esther MM , Van Yperen Daan T , Van Baar Margriet E , Polinder Suzanne , Boersma Doeke , Cardon Anne YMVP , De Rijcke Piet AR , Guijt Marc , Klem Taco MAL , Lansink Koen WW , Ringburg Akkie N , Staarink Maarten , Van de Schoot Leon , Van der Veen Alexander H , Van Eijck Floortje C , Van Eerten Percy V , Vegt Paul A , Vos Dagmar I , Waleboer Marco , Verhofstad Michael HJ , Van der Vlies Cornelis H 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionThe Emergency Management of Severe Burns (EMSB) referral criteria have been implemented for optimal triaging of burn patients. Admission to a burn centre is indicated for patients with severe burns or with specific characteristics like older age or comorbidities. Patients not meeting these criteria can also be treated in a hospital without burn centre. Limited information is available about the organisation of care and referral of these patients. The aims of this study are to determine the burn injury characteristics, treatment (costs), quality of life and scar quality of burn patients admitted to a hospital without dedicated burn centre. These data will subsequently be compared with data from patients with<10% total bodysurface area (TBSA) burned who are admitted (or secondarily referred) to a burn centre. If admissions were in agreement with the EMSB, referral criteria will also be determined.Methods and analysisIn this multicentre, prospective, observational study (cohort study), the following two groups of patients will be followed: 1) all patients (no age limit) admitted with burn-related injuries to a hospital without a dedicated burn centre in the Southwest Netherlands or Brabant Trauma Region and 2) all patients (no age limit) with<10% TBSA burned who are primarily admitted (or secondarily referred) to the burn centre of Maasstad Hospital. Data on the burn injury characteristics (primary outcome), EMSB compliance, treatment, treatment costs and outcome will be collected from the patients’ medical files. At 3 weeks and at 3, 6 and 12 months after trauma, patients will be asked to complete the quality of life questionnaire (EuroQoL-5D), and the patient-reported part of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS). At those time visits, the coordinating investigator or research assistant will complete the observer-reported part of the POSAS.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been exempted by the medical research ethics committee Erasmus MC (Rotterdam, The Netherlands). Each participant will provide written consent to participate and remain encoded during the study. The results of the study are planned to be published in an international, peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNTR6565.
Near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: can the initial cerebral tissue oxygenation index predict ROSC?
Authors: Tsukuda Jumpei , Fujitani Shigeki , Morisawa Kenichiro , Shimozawa Nobuhiko , Lohman Brandon D , Okamoto Kentaro , Kawaguchi Takeshi , Takamatsu Yuka , Fujii Shuichi , Ozaki Masayuki , Rahman Mahbubur , Taira Yasuhiko 
Published: November 2018

Study objectivesNear-infrared spectroscopy is a modality that can monitor tissue oxygenation index (TOI) and has potential to evaluate return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study’s objectives were to evaluate whether TOI could be associated with ROSC and used to help guide the decision to either terminate CPR or proceed to extracorporeal CPR (ECPR).MethodsIn this observational study, we assessed the patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with non-traumatic cause receiving CPR on arrival at our ED between 2013 and 2016. TOI monitoring was discontinued either on CPR termination after ROSC was reached or on patient death. Patients were classified into two groups: ROSC and non-ROSC group.ResultsOut of 141 patients, 24 were excluded and the remaining 117 were classified as follows: ROSC group (n=44) and non-ROSC group (n=73). ROSC group was significantly younger and more likely to have their event witnessed and bystander CPR. ROSC group showed a higher initial TOI than non-ROSC group (60.5%±17.0% vs 37.9%±13.7%: p<0.01). Area under the curve analysis was more accurate with the initial TOI than without it for predicting ROSC (0.88, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.95 vs 0.79, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.87: p<0.01). TOI cut-off value ≥59% appeared to favour survival to hospital discharge whereas TOI ≤24% was associated with non-ROSC.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated an association between higher initial TOI and ROSC. Initial TOI could increase the accuracy of ROSC prognosis and may be a clinical factor in the decision to terminate CPR and select patients who are to proceed to ECPR.
Why caesarean is more unequally concentrated among better-off people in Tehran? A concentration index decomposition approach
Authors: Omani-Samani Reza , Almasi-Hashiani Amir , Safiri Saeid , Rezaeinejad Mahroo , Shokri Fatemeh , Khedmati Morasae Esmaeil , Maroufizadeh Saman , Sepidarkish Mahdi 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundIran, as one of the low-income and middle-income countries, has experienced a remarkable increase in the caesarean section (CS) rate during the past three decades. Although several studies have been conducted on the prevalence and risk factors affecting CS, but few studies were done regarding socioeconomic factors influencing the CS rate. The aim of this study was to identify socioeconomic inequalities and its determinants in CS in Tehran, capital of Iran.MethodsA population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 5170 pregnancies in Tehran, since 2015. Principal component analysis was applied to measure the asset-based economic status. Concentration index was used to measure socioeconomic inequality in CS and then decomposed in to its determinants.ResultsThe concentration index and its 95% CI for CS history was 0.102 (0.091 to 0.112). Decomposition of the concentration index showed that economic status had the largest contribution (49.2%) to socioeconomic inequality in CS. Mother’s education (14.9%), father’s occupation (13.3%) and father’s nationality (9.7%) had the next high positive contribution to measured inequality in CS, respectively.ConclusionsCS is mostly concentrated among women with high economic status. The identified contributing factors should be addressed to decrease the socioeconomic inequalities as possible.
Government social assistance programmes are failing to protect the health of low-income populations: evidence from the USA and Canada (2003–2014)
Authors: Vahid Shahidi Faraz , Sod-Erdene Odmaa , Ramraj Chantel , Hildebrand Vincent , Siddiqi Arjumand 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundSocial policies that improve the availability and distribution of key socioeconomic resources such as income, wealth and employment are believed to present the most promising avenue for reducing health inequalities. The present study aims to estimate the effect of social assistance recipiency on the health of low-income earners in the USA and Canada.MethodsDrawing on nationally representative survey data (National Health Interview Survey and the Canadian Community Health Survey), we employed propensity score matching to match recipients of social assistance to comparable sets of non-recipient ‘controls’. Using a variety of matching algorithms, we estimated the treatment effect of social assistance recipiency on self-rated health, chronic conditions, hypertension, obesity, smoking, binge drinking and physical inactivity.ResultsAfter accounting for underlying differences in the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of recipients and non-recipients, we found that social assistance recipiency was associated with worse health status or, at best, the absence of a clear health advantage. This finding was consistent across several different matching strategies and a diverse range of health outcomes.ConclusionsFrom a public health perspective, our findings suggest that interventions are warranted to improve the scope and generosity of existing social assistance programmes. This may include reversing welfare reforms implemented over the past several decades, increasing benefit levels and untethering benefit recipiency from stringent work conditionalities.
Adaptive Static Analysis via Learning with Bayesian Optimization
Authors: Heo Kihong , Oh Hakjoo , Yang Hongseok , Yi Kwangkeun 
Published: November 2018

Building a cost-effective static analyzer for real-world programs is still regarded an art. One key contributor to this grim reputation is the difficulty in balancing the cost and the precision of an analyzer. An ideal analyzer should be adaptive to a given analysis task and avoid using techniques that unnecessarily improve precision and increase analysis cost. However, achieving this ideal is highly nontrivial, and it requires a large amount of engineering efforts.
In this article, we present a new learning-based approach for adaptive static analysis. In our approach, the analysis includes a sophisticated parameterized strategy that decides, for each part of a given program, whether to apply a precision-improving technique to that part or not. We present a method for learning a good parameter for such a strategy from an existing codebase via Bayesian optimization. The learnt strategy is then used for new, unseen programs. Using our approach, we developed partially flow- and context-sensitive variants of a realistic C static analyzer. The experimental results demonstrate that using Bayesian optimization is crucial for learning from an existing codebase. Also, they show that among all program queries that require flow- or context-sensitivity, our partially flow- and context-sensitive analysis answers 75% of them, while increasing the analysis cost only by 3.3× of the baseline flow- and context-insensitive analysis, rather than 40× or more of the fully sensitive version.
Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma: Adoptive T-cell Strategies
Authors: Choi Bryan D. , Maus Marcela V. , June Carl H. , Sampson John H. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating disease with an extremely poor prognosis. Immunotherapy via adoptive cell transfer (ACT), especially with T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR), represents a particularly promising approach. Despite the recent success of CAR T cells for blood cancers, the question remains whether this powerful anticancer therapy will ultimately work for brain tumors, and whether the primary immunologic challenges in this disease, which include antigenic heterogeneity, immune suppression, and T-cell exhaustion, can be adequately addressed. Here, we contextualize these concepts by reviewing recent developments in ACT for GBM, with a special focus on pioneering clinical trials of CAR T-cell therapy.
AKT Inhibition Modulates H3K4 Demethylase Levels in PTEN-Null Prostate Cancer
Authors: Khan Mohammad Imran , Hamid Abid , Rath Suvasmita , Ateeq Bushra , Khan Qateeb , Siddiqui Imtiaz A. , Adhami Vaqar Mustafa , Choudhry Hani , Zamzami Mazin A. , Mukhtar Hasan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Hyperactivated AKT kinase due to loss of its negative regulator PTEN influences many aspects of cancer biology, including chromatin. AKT primarily regulates acetyl-CoA production and phosphorylates many histone-modulating enzymes, resulting in their activation or inhibition. Therefore, understanding the therapeutic impact of AKT inhibition on chromatin-related events is essential. Here, we report that AKT inhibition in prostate-specific PTEN knockout mice significantly induces di- and trimethylation of H3K4 with concomitant reduction in H3K9 acetylation. Mechanistically, we observed that AKT inhibition reduces expression of the H3K4 methylation-specific histone demethylases KDM5 family, especially KDM5B expression at transcriptional levels. Furthermore, we observed that AKT negatively regulates miR-137 levels, which transcriptionally represses KDM5B expression. Overexpression of miR-137 significantly reduced KDM5B and increased H3K4 methylation levels but failed to change AKT phosphorylation. Overall, we observed that AKT transcriptionally regulates KDM5B mainly via repression of miR-137. Our data identify a mechanism by which AKT kinase modulates the prostate cancer epigenome through regulating H3K4 methylation. Additional studies on AKT inhibition–mediated induction of H3K4 methylation will help in designing strategies to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of PI3K/AKT inhibitors.
Contributions of Climate Change, CO2, Land-Use Change, and Human Activities to Changes in River Flow across 10 Chinese Basins
Authors: Xi Yi , Peng Shushi , Ciais Philippe , Guimberteau Matthieu , Li Yue , Piao Shilong , Wang Xuhui , Polcher Jan , Yu Jiashuo , Zhang Xuanze , Zhou Feng , Bo Yan , Ottle Catherine , Yin Zun 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
As an essential source of freshwater river flow comprises ~80% of the water consumed in China. Per capita water resources in China are only a quarter of the global average, and its economy is demanding in water resources; this creates an urgent need to quantify the factors that contribute to changes in river flow. Here, we used an offline process-based land surface model (ORCHIDEE) at high spatial resolution (0.1° × 0.1°) to simulate the contributions of climate change, rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, and land-use change to the change in natural river flow for 10 Chinese basins from 1979 to 2015. We found that climate change, especially an increase in precipitation, was responsible for more than 90% of the changes in natural river flow, while the direct effect of rising CO2 concentration and land-use change contributes at most 6.3%. Nevertheless, rising CO2 concentration and land-use change cannot be neglected in most basins as these two factors significantly change transpiration. From 2003 to 2015, the increase in water consumption offset more than 30% of the increase in natural river flow in northern China, especially in the Yellow River basin (~140%), but it had little effect on observed river flow in southern China. Although the uncertainties of rainfall data and the statistical water consumption data could propagate the uncertainties in simulated river flow, this study could be helpful for water planning and management in China under the context of global warming.
Toward a Turbulence Closure Based on Energy Modes
Authors: Viebahn Jan , Crommelin Daan , Dijkstra Henk 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA new approach to parameterizing subgrid-scale processes is proposed: The impact of the unresolved dynamics on the resolved dynamics (i.e., the eddy forcing) is represented by a series expansion in dynamical spatial modes that stem from the energy budget of the resolved dynamics. It is demonstrated that the convergence in these so-called energy modes is faster by orders of magnitude than the convergence in Fourier-type modes. Moreover, a novel way to test parameterizations in models is explored. The resolved dynamics and the corresponding instantaneous eddy forcing are defined via spatial filtering that accounts for the representation error of the equations of motion on the low-resolution model grid. In this way, closures can be tested within the high-resolution model, and the effects of different parameterizations related to different energy pathways can be isolated. In this study, the focus is on parameterizations of the baroclinic energy pathway. The corresponding standard closure in ocean models, the Gent–McWilliams (GM) parameterization, is also tested, and it is found that the GM field acts like a stabilizing direction in phase space. The GM field does not project well on the eddy forcing and hence fails to excite the model’s intrinsic low-frequency variability, but it is able to stabilize the model.
Outcome of endovascular salvage of immature hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Kim Yaeni , Chung Byung Ha , Choi Bum Soon , Park Cheol Whee , Yang Chul Woo , Kim Yong-Soo 
Published: November 2018

Purpose: To assess the causes of immature hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula and the outcome of endovascular salvage. Methods: The outcome of 207 endovascular salvage procedures in 139 patients after the first successful cannulation was analyzed retrospectively from January 2011 to December 2017 in the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital. Results: Of the 139 patients aged 62 ± 13 years, 45% were women, 59% had diabetes, and 71% were maintained on hemodialysis using central venous catheters. Mean interval between arteriovenous fistula creation and referral to angiography was 87 ± 63 days. While inflow stenosis (54.4%) was the most common cause of immature forearm fistulas (n = 76), both inflow (38.6%) and mixed stenosis (35.1%) were the main causes of immature upper arm fistulas (n = 63). Endovascular salvage procedures included percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (n = 174) and accessory vein obliteration (n = 30). The overall technical and clinical success rates were 97% and 93.4%, respectively. Mean interval between endovascular procedure and the first successful cannulation of the fistula was 28 ± 35 days. At 3, 6, and 12 months following the first successful cannulation, the primary patency rates were 81%, 69.5%, and 57.6%, respectively, and the secondary patency rates were 97.2%, 96%, and 94.8%, respectively. Mixed stenosis was the only determinant of secondary patency rate of immature arteriovenous fistula (hazard ratio = 6.334, confidence interval = 1.364–29.423, p = 0.018), and patients with mixed stenosis had poorer access outcomes ( p = 0.016). Conclusion: Immature arteriovenous fistulas can be successfully salvaged by aggressive and timely endovascular intervention. Mixed stenosis is associated with poor access outcomes.
Induced Abortions Among Women Having Undergone Total Hip Replacement: A Nationwide Register Study in Finland
Authors: Kuitunen I. , Skyttä E. T. , Eskelinen A. , Huhtala H. , Artama M. 
Published: November 2018

Background and Aims: No previous studies have analyzed the connection between total hip replacement and induced abortion. We evaluated the nationwide induced abortion rates among women with and without total hip replacement. Materials and Methods: Data for this cohort study were gathered from national registers from 1987 to 2007. All fertile-aged (15–44 years old) females who had undergone primary total hip replacement in Finland were selected. The total hip replacement patient group comprised 1713 women and the reference group 5148 women. Information on all pregnancies for both groups before and after total hip replacement/index date was gathered from the medical birth register and the register of induced abortion. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the adjusted odds ratio for induced abortion. Adjustment was made for age at induced abortion, parity, previous induced abortions, previous deliveries, and marital status. Results: Women had higher induced abortion proportions after total hip replacement (17.9%) compared with women before total hip replacement (14.1%) and the referents (13.9%), but the differences were not statistically significant. Women in the total hip replacement patient group had significantly more induced abortions after total hip replacement due to maternal health issues (14.7%) compared with the referents (2.7%), p = 0.003. Patients in the total hip replacement group were not more likely to have their pregnancy ending in induced abortion than the women in the reference group (odds ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 0.89–1.96, p = 0.17). However, in the adjusted analysis, there was a trend for higher risk for pregnancy to end in induced abortion in the total hip replacement group in relation to the reference group (adjusted odds ratio 1.50 (confidence interval 0.99–2.28, p = 0.05). Conclusion: The total hip replacement patient group had higher, but statistically insignificant, induced abortion proportions compared with the reference group before and after the operation. After total hip replacement, the patients were not more likely to have a pregnancy ending in induced abortion. This finding remained statistically insignificant after adjusting with possible confounders.
Melt-Processing and Properties of Coaxial Fibers Incorporating Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Laforgue Alexis , Champagne Michel F. , Dumas Jean , Robitaille Lucie 
Published: November 2018

Polypropylene-multiwalled carbon nanotube (PP-CNT) composites were spun into fibers using melt-spinning methods. The CNT content was varied by diluting the commercial masterbatch with a low viscosity PP homopolymer grade. The conductivity, as well as the mechanical properties, of the fibers were systematically tested in order to find the optimal formulation. Post-stretching was used to improve the mechanical properties of the fibers as well as to decrease the fiber diameters. Fibers having a conductivity of 0.4 S/cm, a Young's modulus of 5.4 GPa and a tensile strength of 250 MPa were obtained after a three-fold stretching. Trilayer coaxial fibers similar to data transfer coaxial cables (two conductive layers separated by an insulating layer) were then produced in a one-step melt-spinning method using a specially designed die, followed by solid state post-stretching.