bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservation implications of extraordinary Greater Scaup (Aythya marila) concentrations in the Odra Estuary, Poland
Authors: Marchowski Dominik , Leitner Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHuman activities in marine coastal areas may coincide with protected areas for birds. Some of these anthropogenic activities may pose threats, such as gillnet fisheries, which can significantly affect populations of diving birds, especially gregarious species that gather in huge flocks in small areas such as Greater Scaup (Aythya marila). The Odra Estuary (Baltic Sea, Poland) is known for its importance as a wintering site for scaup; it is also used by fishermen using gillnets. Precise tools to determine the distribution and abundance of birds allow evaluation of risks faced by large aggregations. We used kernel density interpolation to estimate the spatial density of scaup in the Odra Estuary in spring 2011. At that time, an extraordinarily high number of scaup (95,400) was recorded, ~73% (63.0–94.5%) of the entire northwest European flyway population. Three variables are particularly important for conserving highly mobile long-distance migrating species: spatial distribution, abundance, and time (season of the year). This event concentrated most of the scaup flyway population in a small space, making the population vulnerable to mass mortality. We also show aggregated data of the spatial distribution of scaup during the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 seasons to highlight differences in the spatial use of the area between seasons. Vast areas occupied by scaup in 2011 were not used during 2 other studied seasons; this spatial variation may be crucial in conservation planning of this species. Our results are a first step in documenting the spatial distribution of scaup in the Odra Estuary and identifying the potential area of overlap with fishing activity.
Associations of Hearing Loss and Menopausal Hormone Therapy With Change in Global Cognition and Incident Cognitive Impairment Among Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Armstrong Nicole M , Espeland Mark A , Chen Jiu-Chiuan , Masaki Kamal , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Li Wenjun , Gass Margery L S , Stefanick Marcia L , Manson JoAnn E , Deal Jennifer A , Rapp Stephen R , Lin Frank R , Resnick Susan M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Hearing loss (HL) and menopausal hormone therapy (conjugated equine estrogens [CEE] and/or medroxyprogesterone acetate [MPA]) are separately associated with cognitive decline and increased risk of incident cognitive impairment. Joint effects of HL and HT could be associated with additive or synergistic decline in global cognition and risk of incident cognitive impairment among postmenopausal women.

Methods
Using the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Memory Study, 7,220 postmenopausal women with measures of HL, global cognition (Modified Mini-Mental State Examination score), and cognitive impairment (centrally adjudicated diagnoses of mild cognitive impairment and dementia) from 1996 to 2009. Multivariable linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze rate of change in global cognition. Accelerated failure time models were used to evaluate time to incident cognitive impairment, stratified by HT.

Results
Within the CEE-Alone trial, observed adverse effects of CEE-Alone on change in global cognition did not differ by HL, and estimated joint effects of HL and CEE-Alone were not associated with incident cognitive impairment. Within the CEE+MPA trial, while HL did not independently accelerate time to cognitive impairment, the adverse effect of CEE+MPA on global cognition was heightened in older women with HL. Older women on CEE+MPA either with HL (time ratio [TR] = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71, 0.94) or with normal hearing (TR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.97) had faster time to cognitive impairment than those with normal hearing and placebo.

Conclusions
HL may accentuate the adverse effect of CEE+MPA, not CEE-Alone, on global cognitive decline, not incident cognitive impairment, among postmenopausal women on HT.
Bad News, Declining Trust? Effects of Exposure to Economic News on Trust in the European Union
Authors: Brosius Anna , van Elsas Erika J , de Vreese Claes H 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Evaluations of the economy are often assumed to be at the heart of citizens’ support for political systems. Despite being a vital source of information, we know little about how economic news coverage influences political support. The present study investigates how exposure to economic news coverage impacts trust in the European Union (EU), using a combination of automated content analysis data and nine-wave panel survey data between 2007 and 2016. We find that respondents exposed to more EU economic news lose confidence in the economy and trust in the EU. Yet, while exposure to negative EU economic news negatively affects economic confidence, it has a positive effect on trust in the EU. The opposite is the case for positive coverage.
The hypothesis of equal wave speeds for stabilization of Timoshenko beam is not necessary anymore: the time delay cases†
Authors: Almeida Júnior D S , Elishakoff I , Ramos A J A , Rosário Miranda L G 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the current study, we consider the Bresse–Timoshenko type systems and we prove some stability results for time delay cases into setting of so called simplified Bresse–Timoshenko equations (or truncated version of Bresse–Timoshenko equations) according to contributions of Elishakoff et al. (2010, Advances in Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Methods for Materials and Structures. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications. Springer: Berlin, 249–254.; 2015, Celebrating the Centenary of Timoshenko’s study of effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia. Appl. Mech. Rev.67, 1–11.; 2017, Critical contrasting of three versions of vibrating Bresse-Timoshenko beam with a crack. Int. J. Solids Struct. 109, 143–151.). These equations are free of the so-called ‘second spectrum’ phenomenon, and they have important consequences on stabilization setting. Specifically, following Almeida Júnior and Ramos (2017, On the nature of dissipative Timoshenko systems at light of the second spectrum. Z. Angew. Math. Phys.68, 31.) in a recent contribution that shows that damping effects eliminate the consequences of this spectrum for equal wave propagation velocities, we prove that time delay effects are able of stabilizing the truncated version regardless of any relationship between coefficients of system. It is concluded that dissipative truncated versions of Bresse–Timoshenko equations are advantageous over the classical Bresse–Timoshenko equations in stabilization context.
Performance and return to sport after hip arthroscopy for femoracetabular impingement syndrome in National Hockey League players
Authors: Sochacki Kyle R , Jack Robert A , Hirase Takashi , Vickery Justin , Harris Joshua D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome is a common cause of hip pain in National Hockey League (NHL) players that may lead to decreased performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the (i) return to sport (RTS) rate in NHL players following hip arthroscopy for FAI, (ii) post-operative career length and games per season, (iii) pre- and post-operative performance and (iv) post-operative performance compared with control players. NHL athletes who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAI and matched controls were identified based on position, age (±1 year), years of experience (±1 year) and performance data prior to the surgery date. Demographic and performance data were collected. RTS was defined as playing in at least one NHL game after surgery. A Bonferroni correction was used to control for multiple comparisons with statistical significance defined by a P-value ≤ 0.007. Seventy players (77 surgeries) were analysed (mean age 29.4 ± 4.5 years; mean 8.8 ± 4.7 years NHL experience at the time of surgery). Sixty-three players (70 surgeries, 90.9%) RTS at an average of 6.8 ± 4.1 months. The 1-year NHL career survival rate for players undergoing surgery was 84.4%. Players in the control group (4.4 ± 2.7 years) had longer careers (P = 0.00002) than players that underwent surgery (3.3 ± 2.5 years). There was no significant (P > 0.007) decrease in post-operative performance compared with pre-operatively and with matched controls. The RTS rate for NHL athletes after hip arthroscopy for FAI is above 90% at less than 1 year. Following surgery, if a player returns to the NHL, then their post-operative performance is similar to pre-operatively and controls, but their careers are approximately one season less than controls.
Single-Item Versus Multiple-Item Headache Ratings in Service Members Seeking Treatment for Brain Injury
Authors: Lu Lisa H , Bowles Amy O , Kennedy Jan E , Eapen Blessen C , Cooper Douglas B 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Headaches are the most common complaint after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and a significant cause of morbidity and disability among military personnel. Currently, there are a several measures which can assess headache disability, but there is a significant burden to assess each individual symptom given this heterogeneous polymorbid population. The objective of this proposed study was to validate the single headache item from the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) compared to the 6-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6).

Materials and Methods
Participants included consecutive treatment-seeking outpatients at the Brain Injury Rehabilitation Service at the Brooke Army Medical Center from August 2007 to January 2010 who were administered a battery of assessment measures at initial intake, as part of usual care. Archival record review was conducted using procedures approved by the local Institutional Review Board. Inclusionary criteria included completion of both the HIT-6 and NSI. Participants with a cut-off score of >22 on the NSI Validity-10 were excluded in a post hoc analysis to validate findings among those who passed validity screen.

Results
The Pearson correlation between the single-item NSI headache measure and the HIT-6 revealed at least 64% shared variance in this military sample (r = 0.8, p < 0.001), indication a high association between the two measures.

Conclusion
The NSI single-item headache measure adequately captured headache severity in this military cohort. Use of the single-item NSI headache measure may minimize survey burden on participants whose primary complaint is not headaches, or who present with multiple symptoms. Future studies are needed to validate the single-item headache measure in other samples.
Preparing Future Medical Educators: Development and Pilot Evaluation of a Student-Led Medical Education Elective
Authors: Harvey Morgan M , Berkley Holly H , O’Malley Patrick G , Durning Steven J 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionAlthough all medical school graduates are expected to be educators as residents, and subsequently as faculty, most students receive no formal education on how to teach. At the Uniformed Services University (USU), no formal educational training previously existed for senior medial students as they prepared for residency. A novel Medical Education Elective for MS4s was developed and run by MS4s with faculty mentoring at USU with implementation between January and June 2018.Materials and MethodsThe overall goal of the 4-week course was to provide a forum for MS4s to gain exposure to educational theories and teaching methods with an opportunity to practice learned skills in the underclass curriculum. The course’s three core components were: didactics, observed teaching, and independent teaching. The course was evaluated via multiple methods including verbal and survey feedback from both first and fourth year medical students.ResultsThe preliminary outcomes revealed the course had a positive impact on both first-year medical students (MS1s) and MS4s. As of May 2018, 100% (n = 59) of MS1s surveyed reported that having an MS4 teacher contributed positively to their learning experience. All MS4s surveyed (n = 12) agreed that the course enhanced their confidence in teaching.ConclusionsMedical education courses not only offer an opportunity for senior students to cultivate educational theoretical knowledge and teaching skills in preparation for residency but also contribute positively to the learning experiences of underclass students. Now that the elective has been piloted with initial data suggesting feasibility and benefit to both MS4 and MS1 students, the next steps are to focus on ensuring longevity of the course offering at USU and to consider working with senior students at other institutions that lack formal training in education to start similar student run medical education initiatives.
Transcriptome analyses of cells carrying the Type II Csp231I restriction–modification system reveal cross-talk between two unrelated transcription factors: C protein and the Rac prophage repressor
Authors: Negri Alessandro , Jąkalski Marcin , Szczuka Aleksandra , Pryszcz Leszek P , Mruk Iwona 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRestriction-modification (R–M) systems represent an effective mechanism of defence against invading bacteriophages, and are widely spread among bacteria and archaea. In acquiring a Type II R–M system via horizontal gene transfer, the new hosts become more resistant to phage infection, through the action of a restriction endonuclease (REase), which recognizes and cleaves specific target DNAs. To protect the host cell's DNA, there is also a methyltransferase (MTase), which prevents DNA cleavage by the cognate REase. In some R–M systems, the host also accepts a cis-acting transcription factor (C protein), which regulates the counteracting activities of REase and MTase to avoid host self-restriction. Our study characterized the unexpected phenotype of Escherichia coli cells, which manifested as extensive cell filamentation triggered by acquiring the Csp231I R–M system from Citrobacter sp. Surprisingly, we found that the cell morphology defect was solely dependent on the C regulator. Our transcriptome analysis supported by in vivo and in vitro assays showed that C protein directly silenced the expression of the RacR repressor to affect the Rac prophage-related genes. The rac locus ydaST genes, when derepressed, exerted a toxicity indicated by cell filamentation through an unknown mechanism. These results provide an apparent example of transcription factor cross-talk, which can have significant consequences for the host, and may represent a constraint on lateral gene transfer.
A Unique Case of Microvascular Triple Decompression for Combined Simultaneous Trigeminal Neuralgia, Hemifacial Spasm, and Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia Because of the Dolichoectatic Vertebrobasilar System
Authors: Perez-Roman Roberto J , Chen Stephanie H , Sur Samir , Leon-Correa Roberto , Morcos Jacques J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), hemifacial spasm (HFS), and glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) are hyperactive dysfunction syndromes (HDS) commonly caused by microvascular compression of their root entry zone. Cases of combined HDS involving 2 or more of these entities are extremely rare. Although microvascular decompression is the surgical treatment of choice, there are additional techniques that have been described as efficient methods to accomplish vessel transposition.

OBJECTIVE
To our knowledge, we present the first reported case of triple simultaneous HDS successfully treated using the clip-sling technique to achieve microvascular decompression. We discuss several technical pearls and pitfalls relevant to the use of the sling suspension technique.

METHODS
We report the rare case of a 66-yr-old male with combined simultaneous unilateral right-sided TN, HFS, and GPN because of a dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar system compressing the exit zones of the right trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves and present a literature review of combined HDS and their different surgical treatments.

RESULTS
Symptomatic TN, HFS, and GPN have been reported 8 times in the literature with our case being the ninth. A retrosigmoid craniotomy was performed for microvascular decompression of the brainstem with a clip-sling suspension technique augmented with Teflon felt pledgets. The patient had immediate complete relief from TN, HFS, and GPN postoperatively.

CONCLUSION
Microvascular decompression using the clip-sling technique via a retrosigmoid approach should be considered as a safe and effective option for transposition and suspension of the offending artery and decompression of the affected nerve roots in cases of combined HDS.
DNA Damage and Perturbed Topoisomerase IIα as a Target of 1,4-Benzoquinone Toxicity in Murine Fetal Liver Cells
Authors: Holmes Trent H , Winn Louise M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Benzene is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Recent studies have shown a link between the development of childhood leukemias and maternal benzene exposure, suggesting that these leukemias may be initiated in utero. Benzene crosses the placental barrier however the mechanisms behind in utero benzene toxicity have not been well elucidated. This study is the first to show that the benzene metabolite, benzoquinone (BQ), perturbs fetal topoisomerase IIα (Topo IIα), an enzyme essential for DNA repair. Using cultured murine CD-1 fetal liver cells, this study shows that Topo IIα activity decreases following 24 h of exposure to BQ (12.5 and 15.625 µM), with 12.5 µM confirmed to disrupt the c-kit+ Lin− Sca-1− Il7rα− population of cells in culture. Pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine did not prevent the inhibition of Topo IIα by BQ. An increase in Topo IIα-DNA covalent adducts was detected following 24-h exposure to BQ (12.5 and 50 µM). Interestingly, BQ (12.5 µM) exposure did not significantly increase levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a marker of oxidative stress after 24 h. However, increased levels of the double-stranded DNA break marker γH2AX were detected following 24 h of BQ exposure, confirming that Topo IIα-induced breaks are increased in BQ-treated cells. This study shows that fetal Topo IIα is perturbed by BQ and suggests that this protein is a target of benzene and may be implicated with in utero benzene toxicity.
Development and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Transformation From Study Abroad
Authors: Foronda Cynthia , Phitwong Ame 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Study abroad has the potential to lead to perspective transformation, the highest level of learning. Instruments are lacking to quantitatively measure the effectiveness of the study abroad experience in terms of student learning outcomes. Obtaining such data could be used to better evaluate teaching methods. Informed by qualitative research, an instrument was developed to measure transformation from study abroad. The scale content validity index was 0.82, demonstrating strong validity. Although further testing is needed, this instrument presents a way to examine the impact of study abroad so that learners may be better prepared to attend to the global community.
Hypoxemia, Bradycardia, and Multiple Laryngoscopy Attempts during Anesthetic Induction in Infants
Authors: Gálvez Jorge A. , Acquah Samuel , Ahumada Luis , Cai Lingyu , Polanski Marcia , Wu Lezhou , Simpao Allan F. , Tan Jonathan M. , Wasey Jack , Fiadjoe John E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
The infant airway is particularly vulnerable to trauma from repeated laryngoscopy attempts. Complications associated with elective tracheal intubations in anesthetized infants may be underappreciated. We conducted this study of anesthetized infants to determine the incidence of multiple laryngoscopy attempts during routine tracheal intubation and assess the association of laryngoscopy attempts with hypoxemia and bradycardia.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study of anesthetized infants (age less than or equal to 12 months) who underwent direct laryngoscopy for oral endotracheal intubation between January 24, 2015, and August 1, 2016. We excluded patients with a history of difficult intubation and emergency procedures. Our primary outcome was the incidence of hypoxemia or bradycardia during induction of anesthesia. We evaluated the relationship between laryngoscopy attempts and our primary outcome, adjusting for age, weight, American Society of Anesthesiologists status, staffing model, and encounter location.

Results
A total of 1,341 patients met our inclusion criteria, and 16% (n = 208) had multiple laryngoscopy attempts. The incidence of hypoxemia was 35% (n = 469) and bradycardia was 8.9% (n = 119). Hypoxemia and bradycardia occurred in 3.7% (n = 50) of patients. Multiple laryngoscopy attempts were associated with an increased risk of hypoxemia (adjusted odds ratio: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.30 to 2.43, P < 0.001). There was no association between multiple laryngoscopy attempts and bradycardia (adjusted odds ratio: 1.23, 95% CI: 0.74 to 2.03, P = 0.255).

Conclusions
In a quaternary academic center, healthy infants undergoing routine tracheal intubations had a high incidence of multiple laryngoscopy attempts and associated hypoxemia episodes.
Musings from an Unlikely Clinician–Scientist
Authors: Orser Beverley A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article, which stems from the 2018 American Society of Anesthesiologists Excellence in Research Award Lecture, aims to encourage young investigators, offer advice, and share several early life experiences that have influenced the author’s career as an anesthesiologist and clinician–scientist. The article also describes key discoveries that have increased understanding of the role of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors in health and disease. The author’s research team identified the unique pharmacologic properties of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors and their role in the anesthetic state. The author’s team also showed that extrasynaptic GABAA receptors expressed in neuronal and nonneuronal cells contribute to a variety of disorders and are novel drug targets. The author’s overarching message is that young investigators must create their own unique narratives, train hard, be relentless in their studies and—most important—enjoy the journey of discovering new truths that will ultimately benefit patients.