bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptive approaches to the morphological characterization of the urban contour: The case of the peri-urban landscape of Madrid
Authors: Santo-Tomás Muro Rocío , Rodríguez Romero Eva Juana , Sáenz de Tejada Granados Carlota 
Published: July 2018

Perceptive approaches to the morphological characterization of the urban contour: The case of the peri-urban landscape of Madrid Eva J. Rodríguez Romero¹, Carlota Sáenz de Tejada Granados², Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro3 1, 2,3 Departamento de Arquitectura y Diseño. Universidad CEU San Pablo. Escuela Politécnica Superior, Campus de Montepríncipe. 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. E-mail: rodrom@ceu.es, carlota.saenztejada@ceu.es, rocio.santotomasmuro@beca.ceu.es Keywords: perceptive analysis, proximity landscape, landscape character, urban form, Madrid Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology A growing city adapts and transforms the pre-existing topography, and with its urban fabric defines an ever-changing contour throughout history; this contour is not a clear line, but rather a fringe, where city and countryside meet and create occupancy systems that are crucial to comprehend the evolution of the urban form. We can consider this fringe as ‘proximity’ landscapes: landscapes that are perceived when the city is either a destination or a point of departure. The vision from afar, or when progressively approaching the city, provides both locals and tourists with certain landscape and architectural aspects that should be studied, preserved and valued for their ability to generate meaningful spaces. In this communication we study the surrounding landscapes of Madrid by means of a Landscape Character Assessment, within the framework of the project ‘Proximity landscapes of the city of Madrid. From the 19thC to the present’ currently in process. Combining graphic analysis of historical cartography at a metropolitan scale with perceptive analysis techniques, special attention is drawn to certain axes and significant lookouts of the city, mapping them and evaluating their visual basins. This characterization leads to distinguishing three main landscape types surrounding Madrid, according to physical, natural and anthropogenic structures: one predominantly natural, one mainly industrial and service-related, and a third one with special historical relevance. References Council of Europe (2000) European Landscape Convention (COE, Florence). Cruz, L., Español, I. (2009) El paisaje. De la percepción a la gestión (Liteam, Madrid). Pinto, V. (coord.) (1995-2001) Madrid. Atlas Histórico de la Ciudad, Vol.1-Vol.2 (Lunwerg Editors and Fundación Caja Madrid, Madrid). Rodríguez, E.J. (2011) ‘Naturaleza y ciudad: el paisaje de Madrid visto por los extranjeros’, in Cabañas, M., López-Yarto, A. &amp; Rincón, W. (ed.), El arte y el viaje (CSIC, Madrid) 321-337. Terán, F. (2006) En torno a Madrid. Génesis espacial de una región urbana (Autonomous Community of Madrid, Madrid). Tudor, C. (2014) An Approach to Landscape Character Assessment (Natural England, Government of the UK).
Introverted and knotted spaces within modern and contemporary urban fabrics: passages, gallerias and covered squares
Authors: Falsetti Marco , Ciotoli Pina 
Published: July 2018

The scenic plaza mayor shares with the theater organisms some formative characters, since they both derive from a transformation, by knotting, of pre-existing buildings and fabrics. This architectural transformation is generated, at the beginning, by a change in the modalities of using public space. As for the corral de comedias, the process is due to the sedentarization of the theatrical practice, which abandons the itinerant dimension of the street to move inside the buildings (such as private homes and palaces). The original corral de comedias was in fact set up inside an open place that could be covered, and this feature became permanent over time, creating a new building type. Similarly, since the sixteenth century, squares became the fundamental location of Spanish civic life as well as they hosted all sorts of political, religious and festive representations, but also the venue of executions. For this purpose, namely to allow people to watch such events, the squares were transformed, by raising temporary walls and walkways. In some cases, like Tembleque and San Carlos del Valle, they began to realize permanent continuous balconies, with solutions that seem to have followed the same morphological evolution of corrales de comedias. In both cases it was necessary to unify different elements (buildings or rooms) and connect them to each other, through a process of “knotting”, in order to create a new organism. Over time the physiognomy of the spaces, originally open, assumed the permanent characters of a new type, closed and similar to the courtyard of a “palazzo”.
From City-like Settlement to Industrial City: A Case of Urban Transformation in Huwei Township
Authors: Chen Chih-Hung , Chen Chih-Yu 
Published: July 2018

From City-like Settlement to Industrial City: A Case of Urban Transformation in Huwei Township. Chih-Hung Chen¹, Chih-Yu Chen¹ ¹ Department of Urban Planning, National Cheng Kung University No.1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan City 70101, Taiwan ROC E-mail: chihhungchen@mail.ncku.edu.tw Keywords (3-5): Industrial City, City-like Settlement, Morphological Process, Town-Plan Analysis, Sugar Refinery Conference topics and scale: City transformations City-like Settlement (German: Teilweise Stadtähnliche Siedlungen) (Schwarz, 1989; Sorre, 1952) plays an important role in the course of civilization, especially the development of industrial cities. Accordingly, this study utilizes Town-Plan Analysis (Conzen, 1960) to deconstruct the relationships between industrialization and settlement formation in order to illustrate the common origin of cities in Taiwan as a result of the emerging economy at the turn of the 20th century. The industrial city of Huwei, known as the “sugar city” with largest yields of cane sugar in Taiwan, had the largest-scale sugar refinery in pre-war East Asia (Williams, 1980). The city has grown and transformed with the factory during the four phases of morphological periods, which began at the establishment of the sugar refinery and worker housing in the middle of the fertile flooding plain in western Taiwan. The spatial arrangement was directed to operational and management efficiency, characterized by the simple grids and hierarchy of layout along the riverside. As the industry enlarged, the new urban core was planned to support the original settlement with shophouses accumulated in the small grids. Followed by postwar modernism (Schinz, 1989), the urban planning again extended the city boundary with larger and polygonal blocks. In the fourth phase, however, the sugar refinery downsized, leading to the conversion of the worker housing and the merging of the factory and the city that slowly brought to its present shape. The morphological process results in the concentric structure from the sugar refinery, providing valuable references for the preservation of the sugar industry townscape, and unveils the influence of industrialization as well as the special urban development pattern in Taiwan. References (100 words) Conzen, M. R. G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-Plan Analysis, 2nd edition (1969), (Institute of British Geographers, London). Schinz, A. (1989) Cities in China (Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin and Stuugart). Schwarz, G. (1959) Allgemeine Siedlungsgeographie (Walter de Gruyter, Berlin). Sorre, M. (1952) Les Fondements de la géographie humaine (Reliure inconnue, Paris). Williams, J. F. (1980) Sugar: the sweetener in Taiwan’s development. In Ronald, G. K. (ed.), China’s island frontier. Studies in the historical geography of Taiwan, pp. 219-251. (University of Hawaii Press and the Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii, Honolulu)
Poly-nuclear urban system, landscape identity and economic development: The Vega Baja of the Segura River (Alicante) case study
Authors: Garcia-Mayor Clara , Canales Martínez Gregorio 
Published: July 2018

In the last twenty years, the territory that comprises the Vega Baja of the Segura River (Alicante province) has experienced a drastic change in terms of how space is occupied. This is observable in the introduction of new uses that modify the configuration patterns of traditional settlements. This paper presents a typology characterization and classification of the evolution of traditional rural settlements which includes new emerging patterns of urban settlements in the Vega Baja’s context. This process has significantly impacted the landscape and the environment, as well as affecting how the local population relates to their living environment. The alluvial territory of the Vega Baja of the Segura River has been historically developed as a result of the expansion of its functional network systems —water canals, pathways, and settlements— which enable the occupation and colonization of extensive areas of marshy land. The territorial organization of this study’s area, developed over the course of eleven centuries, remained relatively stable until the 1990’s. However, in the last twenty-five years, the local economy has undergone restructuring, producing a mind-shift among local communities and resulting in a meaningful loss of crop production surface to make way for town-planning developments. The geographical area of this study is characterized by its intensive irrigated agricultural pattern. It is one of the last remaining Huerta European landscapes identified in the Dobris Report. Therefore, a more comprehensive and integrated approach to preserve identity and local cultural values is required so as to propose a sustainable economic development framework.References Antrop, M. (2005) ‘Why landscapes of the past are important for the future’, Landscape and Urban Planning 70, 21-34. Canales Martínez, G. y Ponce Sánchez, M. D. (2016) Pareceres sobre la Huerta del Bajo Segura. El poder de la Identidad y la Cultura en la valoración del Paisaje (Universidad de Alicante, Alicante). García-Mayor, C. y Canales Martínez, G. (2015) La Huerta de Orihuela en el Bajo Segura. Elementos funcionales en la construcción del paisaje (Universidad de Alicante, Alicante). García-Mayor, C. y Pérez Payá, M. D. (2014) La Huerta de la Vega Baja del río Segura: paisaje e identidad territorial (Lulu Press, Inc.) Gormsen E. (1981) ‘The spatio-temporal development of international tourism: Attempt at a centre-peripherary model’, Etudes &amp; Mémoires 55, 150-70. VV.AA. (2011) ‘Urbanismo expansivo de la utopía a la realidad’, XXII Congreso Geógrafos Españoles AGE (Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante)
The morphological approach in the reading of the Territorial City
Authors: Gagliardi Maria 
Published: July 2018

The morphological approach in the reading of the Territorial City Maria Gagliardi Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Barcelona, UPC. Av. Diagonal, 649. 08028 Barcelona E-mail: bissolati27@hotmail.it Keywords (3-5): Territorial city, territorial grid, accumulation process, relief of innovative elements. Conference topics and scale: City transformations The crisis of the traditional city, with its morphological characteristics, has been largely debated. The new urban phenomenon has almost always been described as antithetical; by contrary this article interrogates the possibility of reading a continuity between the traditional and the contemporary city. The article brings forth the concept that the territory can be described as an urban phenomenon result of a change of scale of the city, and offers the definition of the contemporary city as Territorial City (Città-Territorio). The article recovers this term introduced in the 70’s by the Italian morphological school, to emphasize the continuity with the European traditional morphological schools, taking advantage of its learnings, to compare the traditional city, with the contemporary city. The relevance of a morphological approach in the study of the contemporary Territorial City is discussed through an excursus of the main European schools’ contributions, with a particular schematization due to geographical areas. From the synthesis of these references emerges a basis for the definition of a Taxonomy organised around tree main elements that constitute the urban grid. Moreover, the article proposes a methodology for the analysis of the Territorial City that use the Taxonomy as reading tool; this method, illustrated through his experimentation on the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona, is of particular relevance towards the interpretation of the dynamics that have characterised the morphology of the current urban phenomenon, describing its aggregation logics and decomposing the historical-procedural continuum. References Caniggia, G., &amp; Maffei, G. L. (1979). Composizione architettonica e tipologia edilizia - Lettura dell’edilizia di base. (Venezia: Marsilio). Conzen, M. R. G. (1960). Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town Plan Analysis. (London: Institute of British Geographers). Hillier, B., &amp; Hanson, J. (1984). The Social logic of space. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Gagliardi, M. (2016). La Nuova Trama Territoriale: morfogenesi e logiche aggregative. Il caso di Barcellona (settore della Regione Metropolitana tra Sant Martì e Matarò). (Doctoral dissertation) Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya - La Sapienza Università di Roma. Dir. Font Arellano, A.; Bianchi, G.
Altea Urban Project: An academic approach to the transformation of a coastal Spanish touristic city based on the improvement of the public space
Authors: Iborra Pallarés Vicente , Zaragoza Saura Francisco 
Published: July 2018

Vicente Iborra Pallarés¹, Francisco Zaragoza Saura2 ¹Building Sciences and Urbanism Department. University of Alicante. Alicante. Politécnica IV, módulo III, 1ª planta. Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n. 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig ²Concejalía de Urbanismo, Ayuntamiento de Altea. Plaza José María Planelles, 1. 03590 Altea E-mail: vicente.iborra@ua.es, zaragozasaura@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): Public space, historical urban evolution, tourism phenomena, urbanistic project, educational experience Conference topics and scale: City transformations The town of Altea (Alicante, Spain) has an important urban center that has historically been characterized by two contrasting situations: on one hand, the settlements located on the seaside elevations (Bellaguarda and the Renaissance Bastion) linked to the agricultural uses of the fertile valleys of the rivers Algar and els Arcs, and on the other hand the coastal developments, originally fishery, but nowadays with touristic uses on the maritime front. All these elements configure an urban nucleus that, due to its urban, architectural and landscape qualities, gives rise to one of the main tourist attractions of the region. However, the area described nowadays presents an important problem related to the use and habitability of public space, which is invaded by the presence of the private vehicle, even along the seaside, due to its touristic relevance. This article presents the results of an academic experience developed to study different possibilities of urban transformations for the municipality of Altea, taking as a project site the urban vacuum still conserved between the two situations previously described: the historical areas on the coastal elevations (Dalt) and new urban developments parallel to the seaside (Baix). This academic activity, performed by nearly 50 students from the University of Alicante, was developed in the context of the design course Urbanism 5 during the academic year 2015-16, thanks to the agreement signed between the Municipality of Altea and the University of Alicante. References (100 words) Busquets, J. and Correa, F. (2006) Cities X lines: a new lens for the Urbanistic Project (Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Cambridge). Europan Europe (2016) Project and processes (http://www.europan-europe.eu/en/project-and-processes/) accessed January-May 2016. Fernández Per, A. and Mozas, J. (2010) Strategy public (a+t ediciones, Vitoria-Gasteiz). Gehl, J. (2006) La humanización del espacio urbano: la vida social entre los edificios (Reverté, Barcelona). Koolhaas, R. (1995) S, M, L, XL (The Monacelli Press, New York). Lynch, K. (1960) The Image of the City (The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, Cambridge). Rebois, D. (ed.) (2014) Europan 12 results. The adaptable city /1 (Europan Europe, Paris).
Typo-morphology of Transformation: Reading typo-morphological changes in Tehran during ‘Modern’ and contemporary era for further prescriptions
Authors: Abaee Mazyar 
Published: July 2018

Effects of modern thoughts during past century have changed the fabric of most of the cities all over the world. The globalization process is another round which imposes many changes in cities. In this paper the history of formal changes of Tehran will be read hermeneutically according to this double round. The city of Tehran, like all others, faced many changes which transformed the urban fabric and this process will continue through the condition of globalization (like other cities worldwide). This paper gives a temporal cross section of changing typo-morphology of the city and shows how the traditional typo-morphological principles of the city is changed by the new and “modern” urban plans, from the most cellular single building lot to the structure of the city, drastically. In This paper the process of this change will be read in relation to legal and administrative process of change which selects and distributes specific kinds of building and block types to accelerate the development process. It will be described how this process ends to the condition which-in the city is right now. The modern changes brought the city to starting level of globalization changes and in past decades many new types have been penetrated the urban fabric. The present urban fabric is a combination of traditional, modern and contemporary types. At the end an agenda for a framework will be proposed which can lead the urban fabric to a situation which these three kinds of temporal typology have a dialogue with each other.
Building a timeline, developing a narrative: visualising fringe belt formation alongside street network development
Authors: Geddes Ilaria , Charalambous Nadia 
Published: July 2018

This project was developed as an attempt to assess the relationship between different morphogenetic processes, in particular, those of fringe belt formation as described by M.R.G. Conzen (1960) and Whitehand (2001), and of centrality and compactness as described by Hillier (1999; 2002). Different approaches’ focus on different elements of the city has made it difficult to establish exactly how these processes interact or whether they are simply different facets of development reflecting wider socio-economic factors. To address this issue, a visual, chronological timeline of Limassol’s development was constructed along with a narrative of the socio-economic context of its development. The complexity of cities, however, makes static visualisations across time difficult to read and assess alongside textual narratives. We therefore took the step of developing an animation of land use and configurational analyses of Limassol, in order bring to life the diachronic analysis of the city and shed light on its generative mechanisms. The video presented here shows that the relationship between the processes mentioned above is much stronger and more complex than previously thought. The related paper explores in more detail the links between fringe belt formation as a cyclical process of peripheral development and centrality as a recurring process of minimisation of gains in distance. The project’s outcomes clearly show that composite methods of visualisations are an analytical opportunity still little exploited within urban morphology. References Conzen, M.R.G., 1960. Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-Plan Analysis, London: Institute of British Geographers. Hillier, B., 2002. A Theory of the City as Object: or how spatial laws mediate the social construction of urban space. Urban Des Int, 7(3–4), pp.153–179. Hillier, B., 1999. Centrality as a process: accounting for attraction inequalities in deformed grids. Urban Des Int, 4(3–4), pp.107–127. Whitehand, J.W.R., 2001. British urban morphology: the Conzenian tradition. Urban Morphology, 5(2), pp.103–109.
Uninhabited territories: contemporary strategies to recover and preserve abandoned settlements and their areas of influence in Altoaragon
Authors: Marin Sixto , Navarro Alejandro 
Published: July 2018

The late but accelerated industrialization of our country in the early 1900’s resulted in a polarization of the population movements: while certain cities increased exponentially their number of inhabitants, an important percentage of the territory gradually experienced a consequent depopulation. Whereas the effects of the former phenomenon in the cities have been deeply examined, the impact of the latter in the territory is a relatively unexplored subject, thus full of possibilities. In some areas, the rural exodus was so sudden that the development of their pre-industrial residential schemes froze-up and, thus, the high-value cultural landscape that they take part in remained almost unaltered until today. Most of these abandoned settlements had an intense and balanced relationship with their surroundings. Their location, morphology and the links among them were built upon an environmental friendly and resource efficient basis. This study will focus on the sustainable anthropization of the territory that was performed by these villages, in order to value them as intangible assets and to identify the most feasible strategies to their recovery. As case study, in Altoaragon, we can find no less than 150 abandoned settlements and, in the same territory, almost 30 villages that have been recovered in the last 30 years. Through a comparative study of the latter, we seek to develop generic strategies to help identify, among the former, those settlements or abandoned areas with more potential, and to draw the basic guidelines to restore and protect the pre-industrial stage as a whole.