bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Community-in-Sound
Authors: Bull Anna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis chapter describes how young people in this study recognized an emotional depth in classical music that they stated they did not get from other musics, and that was particularly linked to the Romantic repertoire they preferred. The participants’ recognition of a deep interiority both in themselves and in this music constitutes a form of interpellation of themselves as subjects who are able to recognize the value of this music. Through this process, classical music can be seen as a cultural technology for knowing the bourgeois self. The embodied and affective experience of playing in classical music ensembles and the acoustic aesthetic facilitate transcendence of the body. The sound itself does the work of opening up the individual to facilitate a sense of community. Crucially, this deeply personal experience links young people into institutions and social groups that possess high levels of economic, social, and cultural capital.
Conclusion
Authors: Bull Anna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe conclusion lays out four ways in which the tradition and practices of classical music form an ‘articulation’ with the middle classes: the formal modes of social organization that it requires; its modes of embodiment; its imaginative dimension; and the aesthetic of detail, precision, and ‘getting it right’. It argues that the aesthetic of classical music does the boundary-drawing work of retaining this as a middle-class space and practice, and within these spaces, classical music cultivates a form of selfhood characterized by emotional depth that is recognized as valuable. It draws out two ways in which this book contributes to a wider understanding of the middle classes: the ways in which gender identities structure classed reproduction, and the continuing role of classical music as legitimate culture conferring institutionalized cultural capital. Finally, it lays out ways forward for classical music in policy and practice.
Viewing
Authors: Hobbs Renee , Deslauriers Liz , Steager Pam 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Film programming is a vital element for libraries today, and there are key features of effective programs that create social and interactive experiences. Although it can be difficult to design film programs that create community, given library constraints of time and talent, partnering with community organizations can help create library film programs relevant to the communities they serve. As with author visits, filmmaker appearances, whether live or virtual, can provide audiences insight into motivation, imagination, and the creative process. Media influence our attitudes and behaviors in complicated ways not fully understood. Overuse of video games and the rise of consumerism, cyberbullying, sexting, and online pornography are real concerns. Digital citizenship is about access as it relates to the normative behaviors and knowledge that are needed for responsible participation in digital culture. To counter the paradigm of risk and harm of media use and youth, some librarians are assessing the real needs of people in their communities and using intentional and appropriate use of new media for young children, teens, and at-risk populations. Because film and media engage the head, heart, and spirit, they can stimulate complex discussion about social, political, moral, and ethical issues.
Metaphysics, Epistemology, and Ethics
Authors: Ivanhoe Philip J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of Zhu Xi’s metaphysics epistemology, and ethics, with the aim of providing the basic foundations of his philosophical system. It explains how he developed, shaped, and codified earlier Confucian views about issues such as the relationship between pattern-principle and qi, the character of human nature, and proper course of learning into a new and powerful system of philosophy that could claim to continue the earlier Confucian tradition, address a range of pressing contemporary practical social and political problems, and offer an attractive and appealing alternative to Daoism and Buddhism.
Social Conditions of His Time
Authors: Bossler Beverly 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
While Zhu Xi developed complex philosophical theories, his ultimate objective was the moral transformation of society. This chapter concerns his directives and exhortations to people in his jurisdiction, promulgated during his stints as a local official, as well as in his letters to disciples and friends addressing concrete issues in family relations, and in his funerary biographies (especially for women), where he exhibited considerable flexibility and accommodation to social custom. Zhu’s official directives include general admonishments to behave well and be diligent in agriculture, as well as specific warnings about officials cheating commoners, illegal family division, and unorthodox religious practices. Many of the texts in this chapter deal with family issues. Like his writings on society, Zhu’s writings on families were largely prescriptive: families needed to be properly “regulated” and interactions among family members guided by ritual.
Science and Natural Philosophy
Authors: Sik Kim Yung 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter presents selections from Zhu Xi’s writings and conversations concerning his knowledge about and attitude toward the natural world and the objects and phenomena in it. The selections include discussions on such basic concepts as pattern-principle, qi, yin-yang, the five phases, etc. Together they amount to what might be considered his “natural philosophy.” In addition, this chapter includes Zhu Xi’s writings and comments on various scientific subjects, such as calendrical astronomy, harmonics, geography, medicine, and mathematics, his views about why these are things well-educated gentleman should know, and how one should go about acquiring proper knowledge of these aspects of the natural world.
The Eighth Month
Authors: LoBue Vanessa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes the development of the infant in the eighth month of life. In the eighth month, the author’s son is showing signs of separation anxiety for the very first time, clinging to his mom and dad in new or unfamiliar environments. The author points out that separation anxiety is generally taken as one of the first signs of attachment. She goes on to describe attachment and research on different attachment qualities between an infant and his or her caregiver. She discusses the factors that lead to an insecure attachment style, with a focus on the effect of institutionalization on children’s attachment.
The Ninth Month
Authors: LoBue Vanessa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes the development of the infant in the ninth month of life. As the fall approaches and the author has to return to work, she has to make different choices about childcare. Because in the United States employers are only required to provide 12 weeks of maternity leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), and very often that leave is unpaid, most new mothers must return to work while their children are still infants. The chapter focuses on describing different childcare options—specifically daycare versus nannies—and the pros and cons of each based on research.
Multiple Identities and Self-Esteem
Authors: Serpe Richard T. , Long-Yarrison Fritz , Stets Jan E. , Stryker Sheldon 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Self-esteem is a common concern in our everyday life. People associate high self-esteem with positive self-feelings, behaviors, and outcomes, and low self-esteem with negative self-feelings, behaviors, and outcomes. We explore how individuals feel about themselves in global terms given the multiple role identities (religious, parent, and spouse/partner) they may claim. We anticipate that role identities that are more important to individuals will be linked to positive feelings about themselves in those identities. In turn, these positive feelings should be associated with positive feelings about themselves overall. The role identities are examined as they relate to self-esteem. The findings reveal that both role-specific self-efficacy and self-worth are positively related to global self-esteem. Additionally, more important role identities are positively associated with role-specific self-esteem, and higher self-esteem in these identities is tied to global self-esteem. The findings contribute to an understanding of how specific role identity self-feelings relate to global self-feelings.
Toward a Theory of Moral Identity Development
Authors: Aldecoa John 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
There has been growing interest in moral identity development among moral psychologists. However, identity theorists have had little to say on this issue. In this chapter, I will attempt to bring identity theorists into the discussion by conceptualizing moral identity development in identity theory terms. I outline three phases of moral identity development that emerge within the literature. First is the pre-formative phase, which exists prior to the formation of the moral identity. Second is the formative phase, which occurs as the moral identity takes on moral meanings learned through socialization. Third is the transformative phase, which takes place as the moral identity works to control perceptions to ensure verification. As I argue, an identity theory approach to moral identity development has much to add to the current literature on the topic.
The Moral Identity and Immoral Behavior
Authors: Stets Jan E. , McCaffree Kevin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We describe how people can claim to be moral individuals while simultaneously engaging in immoral behavior. We take as our starting point moral disengagement strategies in which people selectively disengage from their harmful behavior. People may equate their harmful actions with worthy goals; soften bad actions to make them sound better; ignore or deny bad consequences; or blame others for bad outcomes. We argue that these and other strategies are cognitive devices to manage identity non-verification (“I am a good person, but I am doing a bad thing”) and the negative feelings that ensue. We discuss how different strategies are used depending upon the identities that are activated, and how these strategies evolve from a deliberate process that becomes habitual over time. We also discuss how these strategies might be tempered so that individuals become aware of the bad consequences of their behavior and take steps to alleviate them.
Identity Formation in Street Demonstrations
Authors: Klandermans Bert , Stekelenburg Jacquelien van 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Every day, somewhere in the world, citizens take to the streets to vent their anger about grievances they share. A central mechanism in our understanding of protest behavior is identity formation. To experience shared grievances and emotions, a shared identity must develop. We address the question with whom protesters identify. Rather than examine whether dynamics of identification determine mobilization and participation, we will assess whether dynamics of mobilization and participation foster identification. We distinguish deductive and inductive identity formation. Taking the deductive route, people deduce a shared identity from a higher-order category membership they share; for example, being a union member. Taking the inductive route, a collective identity emerges as group members interact. Hypotheses derived from this conceptualization are tested. We present data on identification from a study of 81 demonstrations and 16,597 participants in eight European countries. We find that inductive and deductive identity formation have different antecedents.
Criminal and Regulatory Law
Authors: Nelson William E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Colonial judges had significant criminal and regulatory responsibilities that are the subject of this chapter. A major focus was on sex crimes, the prosecution of which varied considerably from colony to colony. Adoption of the criminal procedure norms of the common law was more uniform in all of the colonies. The chapter ends with an examination of the administrative and regulatory norms of colonial courts in connection with such matters as the building of infrastructure, taxation, the licensing and control of the liquor business, and the regulation of elections.
Triumphant Kings and the Legacy of Akkadian Steles
Authors: Eppihimer Melissa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Susa stele of Naram-Sin of Akkad is often viewed as a model for later victory monuments, in part because of modern Orientalist stereotypes and admiration for the stele’s aesthetics. However, other Akkadian monuments presented a different view of Akkadian kingship. This chapter argues that post-Akkadian images of a triumphant king standing upon his enemy were shaped by a wider range of visual models and memories of the Akkadians. Case studies include rock reliefs in the Zagros Mountains, royal steles from the Old Babylonian period, and the Bisitun relief of the Achaemenid king Darius I. The irony of this chapter is that it reaffirms the stele of Naram-Sin’s exceptional status within the history of Mesopotamian art while undermining the notion that this exceptionalism led to the stele’s direct influence over the design of later victory monuments.
Stricken
Authors: Curtis Cathy 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In 1959, after cruising down the Nile, Nell arrived in Greece. A friend had told her that studio space was cheap and the scenery gorgeous. On the island of Mykonos, she wound up living at the spacious home of a new friend. Avoiding the strong sunlight, she painted the view from her window—an indoor-outdoor approach that she would continue throughout her life. Her idyllic life was shattered when she was stricken with polio. Friends rallied to have her airlifted to New York. In the hospital, lying in an iron lung that breathed for her, she very nearly died. Recovered sufficiently to use a wheelchair, she was told that, as a paraplegic, her art career was over. But, aided by the solicitous care of her English nurse, Dilys Evans, who became her lover, she began to retrain her more usable left hand for oil paintings, using her right hand for watercolors.
Travel and Turmoil
Authors: Curtis Cathy 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In 1964, Nell and Dilys left New York on the Queen Mary, bound for London. The next stop was Burton Bradstock in West Dorset, home of poet Howard Griffin, where Nell began painting garden views. The women spent time in Paris and Lisbon before flying to the Caribbean island of St. Lucia, where Nell’s dealer Elinor Poindexter and her husband owned a banana plantation. Nell delighted in the native plants and birds. She taught the teenaged son of their cook to read and write and enjoyed visits by Arthur Cohen, her major collector, and poet Galway Kinnell. But despite the lush surroundings, the eleven months on St. Lucia were plagued by inconveniences, from quarreling workmen to scorpions and torrential rains. Nell’s April 1966 Poindexter Gallery show, which included many works completed in St. Lucia, was well reviewed. Then came a great shock: in late May, Dilys suddenly moved out.
Gloucester
Authors: Curtis Cathy 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the summer of 1974, Nell found a cottage to buy in her beloved Gloucester. Named for her mother, Eudora Cottage would be her and Carolyn’s home from June to late autumn every year. Nell made detailed sketches for plants in the many gardens she envisioned. The house also had to be renovated to accommodate a wheelchair user’s needs. Exploring Cape Ann required the assistance of a household staff of three, one driving a vintage Cadillac. In her paintings of local vistas, Nell avoided postcard fidelity to nature, preferring to capture the effervescent quality of light on water and gardens rife with blooms. This chapter also takes a quick look at other notable artists, including Stuart Davis and Marsden Hartley, who drew and painted Gloucester landscapes. In 1975, when Nell’s poet friend Howard Griffin died in Austria, he left his property to Nell—a bequest that would broaden her horizons.
Theft (Sariqah)
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The chapter begins with the definition of theft and proceeds to examine issues over nisāb (the minimum value of stolen goods). Then it looks at issues over safekeeping (ḥirz), ownership, and methods of proof. The chapter ends with a review of the Qur’anic provisions on repentance and its impact on the punishment of theft.
Issues over Wine Drinking (Shurb)
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
An issue is raised at the outset whether shurb is a ḥudūd crime or a taʿzīr offence. Another issue concerns the quantum of punishment and also the constituent elements of this offence, such as the actual extent of intoxication and whether intention is also a requirement. The chapter also discusses the position of other intoxicants, including narcotics and drug abuse.
Protest Groups and Physical Violence
Authors: Nassauer Anne 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chapter 1 lays the basis for the analyses in subsequent chapters by summarizing the protest groups and types of violence examined in this book. A first section takes a closer look at the protest groups discussed in chapters 2 to 8: the 1960s student movements in the United States and Germany, the new social movements, and the global justice movement protests. It describes involved social movement groups and discusses their claim-making, their membership composition, their stance toward violence, the frequency of such groups clashing with police, as well as police perceptions of them. A second section discusses the definition of violence used in the book. Highlighting different concepts of violence, it argues for a concise definition of physical interpersonal violence—as actions injuring or killing another person. This definition also allows examination of whether other types of actions often labeled “violence,” such as property damage, may foster interpersonal violence.
Losing Control
Authors: Nassauer Anne 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chapter 4 discusses the first of three paths to protest violence discussed in the book. Each of these paths involves interactions, interpretations, and emotional dynamics that emerge between the start of the protest and violence erupting. In this first path, police mismanagement and spatial incursions merge into a loss-of-control path. In this path, the organization of police forces is either flawed or breaks down during the protest situation. When the resulting uncertainty and disorientation of officers is combined with territorial invasions by protesters, officers perceive a loss of control over the situation. This loss of control leads officers to assume that usually reliable situational routines have broken down, which increases tensions and fear and favors physical clashes. The chapter uses detailed case vignettes to illustrate how a loss-of-control path unfolds. It examines the role of territory in protests and provides insights into police objectives and training.
Educating
Authors: Rotter Andrew J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The chapter provides a sensory history of empire in the two countries, India and the Philippines, at the turn of the twentieth century. By that point, the process of visualizing Indian and Filipino subjects was well underway by their colonizers. The chapter looks at sight and sound and how they can be used to narrate the story at this point. The dynamics of Anglo-American soundscapes in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries transferred readily and deliberately to sites of empire, to India and the Philippines. In particular, it looks at the music in the two empires at this time.
Addendum
Authors: Manis R. Zachary 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
There is currently a growing movement among some Christian philosophers to defend Reformed/Calvinist theological commitments with analytical precision and rigor. A number of the characteristic commitments of Reformed theology bear importantly on the problem of hell; the most important of these is theological determinism, which, when combined with a rejection of universalism, raises a host of serious problems. In addition to exacerbating concerns about divine justice and love, there are at least two doxastic problems that are unique to Calvinism. First is the problem of faith: a necessary condition of faith is trust, but a thorough understanding of the implications of Calvinist theology would seem to undermine one’s grounds for reasonably trusting God. Second is the problem of hope: Calvinism is incompatible with at least one of the deepest hopes of the Christian faith, while encouraging another hope that is thoroughly unedifying, and perhaps even despairing.
Providence, Freedom, and God’s Creation of the Damned
Authors: Manis R. Zachary 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the view of many anti-universalists, human free will is both a great good and that which poses the greatest obstacle to universalism. If created persons have free will, then it seems it is finally up to those persons, and not up to God, whether all will be saved. This is the most popular argument against universalism, but it turns out to be complicated by the fact that the metaphysical assumptions that drive it themselves generate problems for anti-universalists. For a variety of reasons, anti-universalism turns out to be ill-wed to each of the standard accounts of providence—viz., compatibilism, Molinism, and open theism—as none provides the anti-universalist with an adequate explanation of why God creates the damned. The chapter closes with a discussion of why the author is nevertheless unwilling to embrace universalism.
Introduction
Authors: Biberman Yelena 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The introduction presents the main puzzle: states with robust militaries, such as Pakistan and India, gambling with violence by outsourcing counterinsurgency to nonstate actors. Why would these states share their world-class armies’ resources and responsibilities with characters of questionable capability and loyalty? The puzzle is illustrated with a discussion of the risks and illicit nature of violence outsourcing with concrete examples from around the world. The introduction also explains the value of studying state-nonstate alliances in times of civil war, and why South Asia is the ideal setting for doing so. The chapter then provides a survey of the existing research, overview of the main argument, and outline of the book’s structure.
State-Nonstate Alliances in Civil War
Authors: Biberman Yelena 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter develops a new balance-of-interests framework for understanding how states and nonstate actors identify and enlist one another as allies in times of civil war. It begins by considering the relevant terms and develops the concepts and categories useful for the study of state-nonstate alliances. A brief overview of the relevant scholarly approaches provides potential explanations as well as the foundation for a new theoretical framework, which is then detailed. The chapter also considers the scope conditions for the argument. It concludes by describing the research design and methodologies used for data collection and analysis.