bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CoABind: a novel algorithm for Coenzyme A (CoA)- and CoA derivatives-binding residues prediction
Authors: Meng Qiaozhen , Peng Zhenling , Yang Jianyi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMotivationCoenzyme A (CoA)-protein binding plays an important role in various cellular functions and metabolic pathways. However, no computational methods can be employed for CoA-binding residues prediction.ResultsWe developed three methods for the prediction of CoA- and CoA derivatives-binding residues, including an ab initio method SVMpred, a template-based method TemPred and a consensus-based method CoABind. In SVMpred, a comprehensive set of features are designed from two complementary sequence profiles and the predicted secondary structure and solvent accessibility. The engine for classification in SVMpred is selected as the support vector machine. For TemPred, the prediction is transferred from homologous templates in the training set, which are detected by the program HHsearch. The assessment on an independent test set consisting of 73 proteins shows that SVMpred and TemPred achieve Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.438 and 0.481, respectively. Analysis on the predictions by SVMpred and TemPred shows that these two methods are complementary to each other. Therefore, we combined them together, forming the third method CoABind, which further improves the MCC to 0.489 on the same set. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed methods significantly outperform the state-of-the-art general-purpose ligand-binding residues prediction algorithm COACH. As the first-of-its-kind method, we anticipate CoABind to be helpful for studying CoA-protein interaction.Availability and implementationhttp://yanglab.nankai.edu.cn/CoABindSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Loss of Proprietary Interest in an Asset
Authors: Raczynska Magda 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This chapter examines the circumstances in which title-based interests and security interests are lost in assets in which they were originally held. It first explains how tangible assets subject to proprietary interests may be lost through physical or deemed destruction, as a result of goods becoming a fixture on land, or an accession or a product resulting from a manufacture. It then considers whether the law allows any proprietary protection to a party who loses his/her proprietary interest, with a particular focus on the principle of nemo dat quod non habet (no one can pass a greater interest in property than they have) and the notion of a disposition, including disposition in circumstances triggering possession-based defences. The chapter concludes with a discussion of loss of a proprietary interest through disposition by a third party.
Default Rules in the Absence of an Agreement
Authors: Raczynska Magda 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This chapter examines the default rules in English law with respect to the extent to which a holder of security interest or a title-based interest can assert a proprietary claim to a new or derived asset in cases where the agreement is silent as to such asset. It asks whether one who holds the proprietary interest in an asset can automatically assert rights in derived assets, particularly proceeds and fruits. The chapter first considers the ‘principle of substitutions and accretions’ in Buhr v Barclays Bank before discussing the question of whether a secured creditor has, by virtue of its interest, an automatic right to accretions, substitutes and fruits. It shows that there is no general principle in English law whereby security interests extend automatically to substitutes. In relation to fruits, the claims of secured creditors or holders of title-based interests depend primarily on their right to possess.
The Law of Private Investment Funds
Authors: Spangler Timothy 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This book provides a clear and concise dual US/UK and pan-asset analysis on the legal and regulatory issues that arise in connection with private investment funds. The book advises on the structuring, formation, and operation of a range of asset classes, including hedge funds, private equity funds, real estate funds, and other non-retail collective investment vehicles. This edition has been revised to reflect the numerous and significant developments in financial services regulation on both sides of the Atlantic since the publication of the second edition. More elements of the Dodd Frank financial regulatory reforms, which increased the scope and reach of regulation applicable to private funds, have been implemented and commented on in this edition. In relation to European regulation, the impact of the commencement of the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) has also now been analysed. The US/UK approach is maintained, but this edition now also includes consideration of third countries, particularly the Middle East and Asia. An entirely new chapter is dedicated to litigation and regulatory enforcement, and some treatment is given to the effects of the global financial crisis, in particular the regulatory response and the changes to negotiating leverage of fund managers and fund investors. The potential impact of ‘Brexit’ on the United Kingdom private funds industry and the future of the AIMFD and European private funds is also examined.
Governance Issues in Partnerships used as Private Investment Funds
Authors: Spangler Timothy 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This chapter examines issues of governance arising from partnerships used as private investment funds. A limited partnership has two categories of partner: general partners and limited partners. The chapter first considers the role and duties of general partners and limited partners before discussing the English law vs Delaware law on limited partnerships, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of Delaware law. It then looks at the UK legal reform on limited partnership and how the limited partnership agreement can be used to address the governance challenge presented by private investment funds. It also explains the duties of partners with respect to the governance challenge, taking into account the fiduciary duty in Delaware partnerships, the fiduciary duty of the board of directors under Delaware law, the Delaware Court of Chancery’s ruling in USA Cafes, and developments following USA Cafes.
Governance Issues in Offshore Companies Used as Private Investment Funds
Authors: Spangler Timothy 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This chapter examines issues of governance arising from the use of offshore companies as private investment funds. Funds established in offshore jurisdictions are often structured as limited companies that issue shares to investors. Governance issues can arise in offshore companies when voting rights are separated from economic participation. The chapter first considers the role of the board of directors in private investment funds before discussing taxation issues affecting offshore companies used as private investment funds in the UK and in the United States. It then explains the duties of directors under Cayman Islands law, including fiduciary duty, duty of care, diligence, and skill, and duty of confidentiality. It also describes the composition of the board of directors, its meetings, relationship with the fund manager, and responsibility for approval of fund documentation.
US and EU Regulatory Responses to The Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Spangler Timothy 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This chapter examines the impact of the 2007–08 global financial crisis on the regulation of private investment funds in the United States and in the European Union. It begins with a review of Dodd-Frank, which can be seen as the U.S. movement towards the international consensus that private fund managers should be directly regulated by the national financial regulator. It then considers Dodd-Frank’s repeal of the so-called ‘private adviser exemption’ previously found in the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, along with its exemption of ‘foreign private advisers’ from registration. It also explains the distinction between ‘US advisers’ and ‘non-US advisers’, Dodd-Frank’s compliance requirements for various types of investment advisers, and Rule 204(b)-1, jointly approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission under the Investment Advisers Act. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) and future outlook for Dodd-Frank.
Regional peacekeeping and enforcement action
Authors: Gray Christine 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This final chapter examines the role of regional peacekeeping, the limitations on what may be expected from it, and the uncertainties about the applicable law that remained at the end of the Cold War. The UN Secretary General, in his 1991 Agenda for Peace, argued that the regional organizations possessed a potential that should be used for preventive diplomacy, peacekeeping, peacemaking, and post-conflict peace building. Since then the UN has increased its cooperation with regional organizations in the sphere of peacekeeping. The Brahimi Report and the 2015 High-level Panel Report made recommendations on the division of labour between the UN and regional organizations in the light of their comparative advantages. Today, regional organizations, and particularly the African Union, operate as ‘first responders’ when the UN is not willing or able to take swift action in situations of ongoing conflict.
Structural changes in the hot Algol OGLE-LMC-DPV-097 and its disc related to its long cycle
Authors: Garcés L J , Mennickent R E , Djurašević G , Poleski R , Soszyński I 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Double Periodic Variables (DPVs) are hot Algols showing a long photometric cycle of uncertain origin. We report the discovery of changes in the orbital light curve of OGLE-LMC-DPV-097 which depend on the phase of its long photometric cycle. During the ascending branch of the long cycle the brightness at the first quadrature is larger than during the second quadrature, during the maximum of the long cycle the brightness is basically the same at both quadratures, during the descending branch the brightness at the second quadrature is larger than during the first quadrature, and during the minimum of the long cycle the secondary minimum disappears. We model the light curve at different phases of the long cycle and find that the data are consistent with changes in the properties of the accretion disc and two disc spots. The disc’s size and temperature change with the long-cycle period. We find a smaller and hotter disc at minimum, and larger and cooler disc at maximum. The spot temperatures, locations, and angular sizes also show variability during the long cycle.
Degree of Housing Instability Shows Independent “Dose-Response” With Virologic Suppression Rates Among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Clemenzi-Allen Angelo , Geng Elvin , Christopoulos Katerina , Hammer Hali , Buchbinder Susan , Havlir Diane , Gandhi Monica 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Housing instability negatively impacts outcomes in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV), yet the effect of diverse living arrangements has not previously been evaluated. Using 6 dwelling types to measure housing status, we found a strong inverse association between housing instability and viral suppression across a spectrum of unstable housing arrangements.
Repeal and Replace? A Note of Caution for Medical School Curriculum Reformers
Authors: Stevens Carl D. 
Published: March 2018

The sudden, dramatic collapse of the seven-year struggle in Congress to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act holds important lessons for all would-be reformers, including those advocating fundamental changes in medical education. In this Invited Commentary, the author draws parallels between reform initiatives in health policy and those in medical education, highlighting that, in both settings, stakeholders rarely support “repeal” in the absence of a superior replacement, even when they view the status quo as deeply flawed.
For more than three decades, reformers have worked to overhaul the preclerkship medical school curriculum. The author compares two broad categories of these reform initiatives. First, pedagogical reforms largely preserve existing curricular content, instead seeking to maximize active learning principles from educational psychology. By contrast, content reformers attribute the traditional curriculum’s shortcomings mainly to what students are taught, rather than how they learn, and seek to swap out significant portions of the existing basic science curriculum to make room for more clinically relevant material. While pedagogical innovations currently dominate reform efforts, few medical education research studies have rigorously proved the impact of different teaching strategies on the outcome of greatest interest to future patients and the public at large: Do new teaching methods yield better doctors?
The persistent reliance of residency programs on United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 scores in the resident selection process constitutes the single greatest barrier to fundamental paradigm shifts in undergraduate medical education. The author concludes by proposing a solution to overcome this barrier.
Hyperinsulinemic Normoglycemia during Cardiac Surgery Reduces a Composite of 30-day Mortality and Serious In-hospital Complications
Authors: Duncan Andra E. , Sessler Daniel I. , Sato Hiroaki , Sato Tamaki , Nakazawa Keisuke , Carvalho George , Hatzakorzian Roupen , Codere-Maruyama Takumi , Abd-Elsayed Alaa , Bose Somnath , Said Tamer , Mendoza-Cuartas Maria , Chowdary Hyndhavi , Mascha Edward J. , Yang Dongsheng , Gillinov A. Marc , Schricker Thomas 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Hyperinsulinemic normoglycemia augments myocardial glucose uptake and utilization. We tested the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemic normoglycemia reduces 30-day mortality and morbidity after cardiac surgery.

Methods
This dual-center, parallel-group, superiority trial randomized cardiac surgical patients between August 2007 and March 2015 at the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, and Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada, to intraoperative glycemic management with (1) hyperinsulinemic normoglycemia, a fixed high-dose insulin and concomitant variable glucose infusion titrated to glucose concentrations of 80 to 110 mg · dl–1; or (2) standard glycemic management, low-dose insulin infusion targeting glucose greater than 150 mg · dl–1. The primary outcome was a composite of 30-day mortality, mechanical circulatory support, infection, renal or neurologic morbidity. Interim analyses were planned at each 12.5% enrollment of a maximum 2,790 patients.

Results
At the third interim analysis (n = 1,439; hyperinsulinemic normoglycemia, 709, standard glycemic management, 730; 52% of planned maximum), the efficacy boundary was crossed and study stopped per protocol. Time-weighted average glucose concentration (means ± SDs) with hyperinsulinemic normoglycemia was 108 ± 20 versus 150 ± 33 mg · dl–1 with standard glycemic management, P < 0.001. At least one component of the composite outcome occurred in 49 (6.9%) patients receiving hyperinsulinemic normoglycemia versus 82 (11.2%) receiving standard glucose management (P < efficacy boundary 0.0085); estimated relative risk (95% interim-adjusted CI) 0.62 (0.39 to 0.97), P = 0.0043. There was a treatment-by-site interaction (P = 0.063); relative risk for the composite outcome was 0.49 (0.26 to 0.91, P = 0.0007, n = 921) at Royal Victoria Hospital, but 0.96 (0.41 to 2.24, P = 0.89, n = 518) at the Cleveland Clinic. Severe hypoglycemia (less than 40 mg · dl–1) occurred in 6 (0.9%) patients.

Conclusions
Intraoperative hyperinsulinemic normoglycemia reduced mortality and morbidity after cardiac surgery. Providing exogenous glucose while targeting normoglycemia may be preferable to simply normalizing glucose concentrations.
Morphology and Clinical Relevance of Vertebral Endplate Changes Following Limited Lumbar Discectomy With or Without Bone-anchored Annular Closure
Authors: Kuršumović Adisa , Kienzler Jenny C. , Bouma Gerrit J. , Bostelmann Richard , Heggeness Michael , Thomé Claudius , Miller Larry E. , Barth Martin 
Published: March 2018

Study Design.

Post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Objective.
To characterize the morphology and clinical relevance of vertebral endplate changes (VEPC) following limited lumbar discectomy with or without implantation of a bone-anchored annular closure device (ACD).

Summary of Background Data.
Implantation of an ACD following limited lumbar discectomy has shown promise in reducing the risk of recurrent herniation in patients with large annular defects. However, the interaction between the ACD and the lumbar endplate over time is not well understood.

Methods.
Patients undergoing limited lumbar discectomy with large postsurgical annular defects were randomized intraoperatively to receive additional ACD implantation or limited lumbar discectomy only (Controls). VEPC morphology, area, and volume were assessed with low-dose computed tomography preoperatively and at 1 and 2 years follow-up.

Results.
Of 554 randomized patients, the as-treated population consisted of 550 patients (267 ACD, 283 Controls). VEPC were preoperatively identified in 18% of patients in the ACD group and in 15% of Controls. At 2 years, VEPC frequency increased to 85% with ACD and 33% in Controls. Device- or procedure-related serious adverse event (8% vs. 17%, P = 0.001) and secondary surgical intervention (5% vs. 13%, P < 0.001) favored the ACD group over Controls. In the ACD group, clinical outcomes were comparable in patients with and without VEPC at 2 years follow-up. In the Control group, patients with VEPC at 2 years had higher risk of symptomatic reherniation versus patients without VEPC (35% vs. 19%, P < 0.01)

Conclusion.
In patients with large annular defects following limited lumbar discectomy, additional implantation with a bone-anchored ACD reduces risk of postoperative complications despite a greater frequency of VEPC. VEPC were associated with higher risk of symptomatic reherniation in patients treated with limited lumbar discectomy, but not in those who received additional ACD implantation.

Level of Evidence: 2
Characteristics of Treatment Decisions to Address Challenging Behaviors in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Anixt Julia S. , Meinzen-Derr Jareen , Estridge Halley , Smith Laura , Brinkman William B. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To describe the characteristics of treatment decisions to address challenging behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods:
Parents of children aged 4 to 15 years with ASD seen in a developmental behavioral pediatric (DBP) clinic completed validated measures to characterize their child's behaviors and their own level of stress. Parents reported their treatment priority before the visit. During the visit, we assessed shared decision making (SDM) using the Observing Patient Involvement (OPTION) scale and alignment of the clinician's treatment plan with the parent's priority. Before and after the visit, parents rated their uncertainty about the treatment plan using the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS). We calculated descriptive statistics for the measures.

Results:
Fifty-four families participated. Children were a mean (SD) age of 8.8 (3.3) years, and 87% were male. Children had a variety of behavioral challenges, and parents reported high levels of stress. Commonly reported parent treatment priorities were hyperactivity, tantrums, anxiety, and poor social skills. Levels of SDM were low, with a mean (SD) OPTION score of 24.5 (9.7). Parent priorities were addressed in 65% of treatment plans. Approximately 69% of parents had elevated DCS scores before the visit. Although levels of decisional conflict were lower after the visit compared with before the visit (p < 0.03), 46% of parents continued to report high scores on the DCS.

Conclusion:
Parents leave DBP visits with feelings of uncertainty about treatment decisions and with treatment plans that do not always address their priorities. SDM interventions hold promise to improve the quality of ASD treatment decisions.
Staged Prosthetic Reconstruction with Fat Grafting for Severe Depressive Breast Deformation after Breast-conserving Therapy
Authors: Fujiwara Takashi , Yano Kenji , Tanji Yoshio , Nomura Masaya 
Published: March 2018

Summary:
Breast-conserving therapy, where radiotherapy is performed after partial mastectomy, is a widely used surgical method that can preserve most of the breast tissue without increasing the recurrence rate of breast cancer. However, without reconstruction, asymmetry of the breast occurs due to the tissue defect and radiation fibrosis, producing in poor cosmetic results. In this case study, we performed staged prosthetic breast reconstruction combined with fat grafting for severe depressive deformation of the breast after breast-conserving therapy. The first surgery involved insertion of a tissue expander and fat grafting, second surgery was the reduction of injected saline volume and fat grafting, and third surgery involved exchange for an implant and fat grafting. The skin in the depressed area, which had atrophied, became soft and flexible; deformation was also improved, and the patient was satisfied with the aesthetic outcome. It is expected that fat grafting will fertilize and qualitatively improve the damaged tissue due to irradiation, reducing the complications related to the tissue expander and implant. We believe that it will be possible to correct a breast deformity after breast-conserving therapy using a tissue expander and implant, which had not been considered as a solution. The results showed that the present method can be an option for delayed reconstruction after breast-conserving therapy.
Short article: Switching to a infliximab biosimilar: short-term results of clinical monitoring in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Binkhorst Lisette , Sobels Annemieke , Stuyt Rogier , Westerman Elsbeth M. , West Rachel L. 
Published: March 2018

Objective
Currently, a biosimilar of Remicade is available (CT-P13). Switching patients from Remicade to a biosimilar is still under debate, especially for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In a retrospective study, we investigated the feasibility and safety of switching patients with IBD from Remicade to a biosimilar infliximab.

Patients and methods
At two large general hospitals in The Netherlands, adult patients with a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis being treated with Remicade were asked to switch to the biosimilar infliximab (CT-P13). After switching, patients were closely monitored by assessing disease activity and evaluating disease-specific measures (serum C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin). Adverse effects were recorded and serum infliximab concentrations measured. All parameters were assessed at baseline (t=0) and after two infusions with biosimilar infliximab (±week 16).

Results
Among 197 patients with IBD switched to the biosimilar infliximab (∼77%), and no difference in disease activity was observed. Disease-specific measures did not differ between baseline and after two infusions with the biosimilar. Apart from one infusion-related reaction, no serious or unexpected adverse reactions were reported. Serum trough concentrations did not differ between baseline and after switching [median: 4.1 µg/ml (range: 0.03–22 µg/ml) vs. 4.6 µg/ml (range: 0.03–22 µg/ml); P=0.08, n=98].

Conclusion
These data suggest that switching patients with IBD to the biosimilar infliximab is safe in clinical practice. After the switch, no clinically relevant differences were observed in disease activity, adverse effects, and serum infliximab concentrations.