bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Temperature and Food Concentration On Ingestion Rates of Quinqueloculina Seminula On the Diatom Nitzschia Closterium
Authors: Lei Yanli , Li Chengchun , Li Tiegang , Jian Zhimin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The majority of sediment-dwelling foraminifera are thought to be deposit feeders. They use their reticulopodia to gather sediment with associated algae, organic detritus, and bacteria. Uptake of diatoms by foraminifera have been observed but rarely quantified. We measured the clearance (gathering) rate and ingestion rate of diatoms by the common benthic foraminifer Quinqueloculina seminula using Nitzschia closterium as prey under laboratory culture conditions. Grazing experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of temperature (at 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24°C) and food availability (10 to 800 cells mm−2) on uptake rates of diatoms. The clearance rates, estimated from the disappearance of food items, were variable (0.59–4.4 mm2 foram−1 h−1) and did not show a clear relationship with food availability. The maximum clearance rates increased from 1.80 ± 0.21 to 2.69 ± 0.32 mm2 foram−1 h−1 when temperature increased from 12 to 18°C and decreased to 2.28 ± 0.25 mm2 foram−1 h−1 at 24°C. Ingestion rates varied from 1.0 to 43 × 103 diatoms foram−1 h−1, following a hyperbolic response to food concentrations at all experimental temperatures. The maximum individual ingestion rates increased from 842 ± 180 to 1648 ± 480 (mean ± SE) cells foram−1 h−1 and then decreased to 316 ± 54 cells foram−1 h−1 as temperature increased from 12 to 24°C. Experimental results revealed that 12–18°C was the optimal temperature range for Q. seminula feeding for specimens adapted to local conditions. Our study indicates that Q. seminula plays an ecological role by feeding upon benthic diatoms in marine benthic ecosystems.
A Dual-Model of Posttraumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Growth in a Community Sample of Female Conflict-Related Sexual Violence Survivors from Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina
Authors: Anderson Kimberley , Komproe Ivan , Delić Amra , Avdibegović Esmina , Ee Elisa van , Glaesmer Heide 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) are increasingly acknowledged as psychological outcomes that can co-occur in the aftermath of a traumatic event. Less clear however, is how these outcomes interact – particularly for female survivors of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) – and to what extent intermediary factors such as coping play a role in this relationship.
Methods: In a sample of 192 survivors of the 1990s conflict in Bosnia & Herzegovina; of whom 104 experienced CRSV, and 88 who did not, a structural equation model was tested using LISREL 8.8 that included CRSV as a traumatic event, ‘positive reinterpretation’ (as a strategy of approach coping) and ‘behavioural disengagement’ (as a strategy of avoidance coping), and PTSD and PTG as psychosocial outcomes. It was hypothesised that there would be differences in the mechanisms by which PTG and PTSD interact in the two subgroups, given the differences in the nature of the trauma they experienced.
Results: Through multiple indirect relationships, results showed that CRSV survivors respond to their trauma with both PTSD and PTG, substantiating a dual PTSD-PTG mechanism, as opposed to a single spectrum with these outcomes at the poles. With regard to coping strategies, positive reinterpretation predicted greater PTG, and behavioural disengagement predicted greater PTSD. In the sample of non-sexual violence survivors, positive reinterpretation also remained a significant predictor of PTG.
Conclusions: Findings suggest that positive reinterpretation as a coping strategy appears to be a stable characteristic that independently predicts PTG, irrespective of trauma type. Mental health care professionals should take into account this specific mechanism when addressing the needs of CRSV survivors, but also war survivors more generally. Reframing traumatic events and post-trauma sequalae during treatment could lead to greater PTG and enhance recovery.
Decreasing postoperative cognitive deficits after heart surgery: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial on cognitive training
Authors: Butz Marius , El-Shazly Jasmin , Sammer Gebhard , Tschernatsch Marlene , Kastaun Sabrina , Yenigün Mesut , Braun Tobias , Kaps Manfred , Böning Andreas , Puvogel Ulrike , Bachmann Georg , Mengden Thomas , Schönburg Markus , Gerriets Tibo , Juenemann Martin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

The occurrence of postoperative cognitive deficits, especially after heart surgery, has been demonstrated in several studies. These deficits can clearly be noticed by the patients as well as by their close relatives in daily life. Furthermore, postoperative cognitive deficits can decrease quality of life in social functioning and earning capacity. The aim of this study is to investigate whether early postoperative cognitive training can reduce subjective and objective postoperative cognitive deficits

Methods

The proposed study is a multicenter, 2-arm randomized controlled trial involving 144 elderly patients undergoing elective heart valve surgery with extracorporeal circulation. Patients will be assigned to either a training group or a control group. The intervention involves a paper-and-pencil-based cognitive training, which is conducted for 36 minutes over a period of 18 days. The training starts about 1 week after surgery and is carried out during the hospitalized rehabilitation phase. The control group will not receive a cognitive training or a placebo intervention. A detailed assessment of psychological functions and health-related quality of life prior to surgery at discharge from rehabilitation and 3 and 12 months after discharge will be performed. The Primary outcome of this trial is the training effect on objective cognitive functions at discharge from rehabilitation. Secondary outcomes are the training effect on objective and subjective cognitive functions (3 and 12 months after discharge), depression, health-related quality of life, and the impact of perioperative cerebral ischemia on the training effect. Perioperative cerebral ischemia will be measured with postoperative magnetic resonance imaging including diffusion-weighted sequences.

Discussion

Should it be shown that our cognitive training can improve postoperative cognitive deficits as well as quality of life, one possibility could be to integrate this intervention into early rehabilitation. Furthermore, we hope that the investigation of perioperative ischemia by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging will improve our understanding of neurobiological factors influencing the course of postoperative cognitive plasticity.
Measurement of cerebrovascular reserve by multimodal image for cerebral arterial occlusion or stenosis patients: study protocol of a randomized paralleled controlled trial
Authors: zhipeng xiao , ke ji , yong lin , jieqing wan , yaohua pan , yichao jin , xiaohua zhang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), index of cerebral hemodynamics, might guide the treatment of ischemic stroke. However, the previous studies that the therapeutic strategy of stroke mainly depends on the degree of vascular stenosis with steady-state vascular parameters, such as cerebral blood flow, and CVR factors are not under consideration. Measurement of CVR by multimodal image might improve the prognosis for ischemic stroke.

Methods/design

The study is a prospective, randomized, paralleled controlled clinical trial to examine the multimodal image evaluation for CVR. A total of 66 eligible patients will be recruited from Renji hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. The patients will be categorized based on CVR into two subgroups as follows: CVR>10% group and CVR<10% group. And the patients will be randomly assigned to medical management, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting, and intracranial and extra-cranial bypass groups in a 1:1:1 ratio. The primary end point is all adverse events and ipsilateral stroke recurrence at 6, 12, 24 months after the management. The secondary outcomes include the CVR, the National Institute of Health stroke scale and the Modified Rankin Scale at 6, 12, 24 months.

Discussion

Measurement of cerebrovascular reserve by multimodal image is recommended by most recent studies to guide the treatment of ischemic stroke, and thus its efficacy and evaluation accuracy need to be established in randomized controlled settings. This prospective, randomized, paralleled controlled registry study, together with other ongoing studies, will present more evidence for optimal individualized accurate treatment of ischemic stroke.
Protocol for a phase III wait-listed cluster randomised controlled trial of an intervention for mental wellbeing through enhancing mental health literacy and improving work friendliness in Hong Kong
Authors: Lam Lawrence T. , Wong Prudence , Lam Mary K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background Mental health has long been recognised as a major global health issue. Some work-related characteristics have been identified to be associated with common mental health problems, thus the workplace is an important venue for the prevention of mental health problems and promoting mental wellness. Burnout is one of the important aspects of workplace organisational stressor and, in recent years, the lack of Mental Health Literacy has also been identified as a fundamental issue. Studies have demonstrated that an improvement in Mental Health Literacy is an effective measure for enhancing mental wellbeing. It would be prudent to combine an organisation-directed component and the enhancement of mental health literacy in an intervention program. This trial is to examine the novel approach of an intervention aiming to provide an evidence-based prevention program. Methods This study utilised a wait-listed cluster randomised control trial design. Using the branch offices as the primary sampling units, employees from three large companies in different industries will be recruited. Upon enrolment and after the baseline assessment of the outcome measures, participants nested in the branch offices will be allocated to the intervention or wait-listed arms. The intervention program comprises of two main elements: an organisation-directed component and an individual-directed psychoeducation training. This intervention will be delivered by a senior social worker well-versed in workplace issues over a period of three months. The trail will determine if an integrated workplace mental health literacy and wellbeing program is effective in increasing the mental health literacy scores and reducing burnout and stress scores, as measured by standardised and validated scales. Discussion If the trial results are in line with the hypothesis that support the efficacy of the intervention program, it will provide an evidence-based approach for an effective Workplace Mental Wellbeing intervention program that could, not only enhance the understanding of mental health issues, but also reduce work-related burnout and stress as well as increase workers’ quality of life.
Effects of Moving Cupping Therapy for Plaque Psoriasis: A Protocol for a Randomised Multicentre Clinical Trial
Authors: Xing Meng , Yan Xiaoning , Yang Suqing , Li Linge , Gong Liping , Liu Hongxia , Xu Rong , Chen Jie , Ying Luo , Zhao Yiding , An Yuepeng , Liu Yang , Huang Gang , Li Bin , Li Xin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: The clinical treatment of plaque psoriasis is based on comprehensive therapy, which is expensive and unsatisfactory, and some of the drugs currently used have serious side effects. Moving cupping therapy has been used clinically for thousands of years in China and has the advantage of being inexpensive and easy to perform. It is now widely used in public hospitals in China for the treatment of psoriasis. However, at present, a comprehensive evaluation of the current clinical evidence regarding its use is lacking. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of moving cupping in the treatment of plaque psoriasis.
Methods and analysis: A multicentre, two-arm parallel group, single-blind randomised controlled trial will be conducted in six academic and non-academic hospitals in China. A total of 110 adult patients (aged 18-65 years) who meet the inclusion criteria are now being recruited. Participants will receive (1) basic treatment combined with moving cupping therapy or (2) basic treatment combined with moving cupping placebo. The treatment cycle will be 4 weeks, and the treatment efficacy will be assessed weekly using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index during the treatment period and the follow-up visits at weeks 6 and 8. The body surface area, physician's global assessment, Dermatology Life Quality Index, patient-reported quality of life, visual analogy scale, traditional Chinese medication syndrome scoring scale, combined medication, and adverse events will also be recorded and compared to the baseline values.
Discussion: The results of this trial may help make better decisions in the treatment of plaque psoriasis. If the results are considered to be favorable, this ancient Chinese medicine therapy may be worthier of promotion because of its convenience and cheap advantages to benefit patients.
Trial registration: This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier number NCT03952676. Registered on 15 May 2019.
Anterior quadratus lumborum block for postoperative recovery after total hip arthroplasty: a study protocol for a single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kikuchi Masaru , Mihara Takahiro , Mizuno Yusuke , Fujimoto Hiroko , Arai Sachiko , Nomura Takeshi , Goto Takahisa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Appropriate pain management is essential to improve the postoperative recovery after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Various case reports have indicated that anterior quadratus lumborum block (QLB) provides effective postoperative analgesia in lower limb surgeries. However, there are few randomized controlled trials that have confirmed the efficacy of anterior QLB for lower limb surgeries. The aim of this single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial is to confirm the efficacy of anterior QLB for postoperative recovery after THA.
Methods: The participants will be randomly assigned to either the anterior QLB group or the placebo group. After induction of general anesthesia, anterior QLB will be performed using 0.25% levobupivacaine or normal saline. Fentanyl will be administered according to blood pressure change during the surgery. The primary outcome will be the quality of recovery 40 score (QoR-40). Secondary outcomes will include the visual analog scale (VAS) score of pain intensity at rest and movement, intraoperative and postoperative doses of fentanyl, and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Statistical analysis will be performed using the Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. A p < 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.
Discussion: The results of our study will reveal whether anterior QLB is effective for postoperative recovery after THA.
Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000032255. Registered on 15 April 2018.

Keywords: anterior quadratus lumborum block, hip osteoarthritis, peripheral nerve block, postoperative pain, regional anesthesia, total hip arthroplasty
Real benefits of leak repair and increasing the number of inlets to energy
Authors: Lipiwattanakarn S. , Kaewsang S. , Pornprommin A. , Wongwiset T. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Two real cases of energy audit were investigated in a district metered area (DMA) of the Metropolitan Waterworks Authority in Bangkok, Thailand. The first case was energy audits before and after leaks were repaired. The repairs resulted in a 9% reduction of inflow to the DMA. We estimated that the input energy to the DMA reduced 8% while the energy in water delivered to customers increased 8%. Thus, two benefits of reducing leakage to energy were found. In the second case, we temporarily opened a boundary valve connecting to the trunk main to function as another inlet to the DMA, so the number of inlets increased to two. The new inlet was nearer to main distribution pipes that delivered water to more customers than the first one. Thus, the inflow from the old inlet decreased to only 10% of the total inflow. The estimated input energy increased slightly by 4% because the inflow and leakage did not reduce, but the energy delivered to customers increased greatly (16%) due to a significant decrease in friction loss. Thus, reducing leakage and selecting the right hydraulic locations of inlets can benefit energy efficiency in DMAs substantially.
Combined system for the treatment and reuse of urban wastewater: the efficiency of anaerobic reactors + hybrid constructed wetlands + ozonation
Authors: Colares Gustavo Stolzenberg , de Souza Celente Gleison , da Silva Fagner Pereira , de Loreto Adrison Carvalho , Lutterbeck Carlos Alexandre , Kist Lourdes Teresinha , Machado Ênio Leandro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe research developed a combined system in batch flow and in pilot scale for the treatment and reuse of urban effluents. The system was fed raw effluent from a university campus in Brazil and composed of four anaerobic reactors, three constructed wetlands (CWs) and an ozonation unit. The three sequential hybrid constructed wetlands were composed of a floating treatment wetland, an aerobic-anoxic baffled constructed wetland (CW) and a saturated vertifcal flow CW. Later, during the last trimester, weekly samples of the treated effluent were ozonated by bubbling with an application rate of 240 mg.h-1 O3. The system presented high removal rates efficiencies in terms of carbonaceous organic matter (78.9%), nitrogen (91.0%), color (96.7%) and turbidity (99.1%). In addition, it worked well for disinfection and acute ecotoxicity, but P was only efficiently (75%) removed in the first 8 months, with removing efficiency declining after this period. Ozonation provided significant color removal and an increased pH. The combination of floating, alternated upflow and downflow and saturated vertical flows improved the treatment of wastewater. This was due to the presence of both aerobic and anaerobic zones, as well as the filter substrate, through an integrated system with simple construction and operation and increased lifespan.
Effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Albuminuria in HIV-infected Persons
Authors: Adedeji Tewogbade Adeoye , Adebisi Simeon Adelani , Adedeji Nife Olamide 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), especially tenofovir DFcontaining
regimens, has been implicated in albuminuria.

Objective:
We prospectively evaluated the effects of HAART on albumin-to-creatinine ratios
(ACRs) in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected individuals.

Methods:
One hundred and two (102) newly diagnosed, antiretroviral-naïve, human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV)-infected persons were treated with Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/
Emtricitabine/Efavirenz (TDF/FTC/EFV), n=33; Zidovudine/Lamivudine/Nevirapine
(ZDV/3TC/NVP), n=53; and Zidovudine/Lamivudine/Efavirenz (ZDV/3TC/EFV), n=16. Diabetes
mellitus and hypertension were excluded. ACRs and glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) were estimated
at baseline, and at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months post-therapy; the prevalence of albuminuria (ACR ≥
300mg/g), and microalbuminuria (ACR 30-300mg/g) were similarly estimated. HAART effects
on normal ACR (0-30mg/g) were also monitored.

Results:
At baseline, one patient (0.9%) had nephrotic-range albuminuria with ACR of 2450mg/g.
Overall, 8 (7.8%) patients had albuminuria; 53 (51.9%) had microalbuminuria; while 41 (40.2%)
had normal ACRs, 28 (27.5% of 102) of which had nonalbuminuric renal insufficiency. eGFR and
ACRs improved concurrently on HAART (ACR, Wilks’ lambda 0.439, power 0.763, p=0.032);
albuminuria improved significantly on all the 3 regimens at 9 months (p=0.006, 0.012 and <0.001
respectively). Microalbuminuria resolved earlier (1 month) with ZDV/3TC/NVP than with
TDF/FTC/EFV and ZDV/3TC/EFV (24.31mg/g versus 76.51mg/g and 63.59mg/g; p=0.028, 0.016
respectively). Microalbuminuria relapsed on TDF/FTC/EFV and ZDV/3TC/EFV at 6 months but
resolved again at 9 months (66.7 versus 29 mg/g, p=0.006; and 51.2 versus 9.5mg/g, p=0.001 respectively);
no relapse on ZDV/3TC/NVP. At 9 months, ZDV/3TC/EFV caused the greatest resolution
of microalbuminuria (85.7% decline in ACR from baseline) compared with ZDV/3TC/NVP
(72.5% decline) and TDF/FTC/EFV (63.9% decline). In multivariate analyses, predictors of ACR
include older age (Odds ratio OR 2.8, p= 0.025); female gender (OR, 3.4, p =0.014); CD4+ (OR
0.99, p=0.002).

Conclusions:
HIV induces renal impairment. Thus, albuminuria, microalbuminuria and nonalbuminuric
renal insufficiency are highly prevalent in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected persons but
nephrotic-range albuminuria is uncommon. Albuminuria and/microalbuminuria and eGFR improve
concurrently on HAART (with/without tenofovir DF). Zidovudine-based HAART
(ZDV/3TC/NVP) resolves microalbuminuria earlier, and without relapse, unlike Tenovofir-based
regimen and zidovudine with efavirenz (ZDV/3TC/EFV).
Activation of Kir2.3 Channels by Tenidap Suppresses Epileptiform Burst Discharges in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Wu Xunyi , Chen Zhiyun , Sun Wanbing , Wang Guoxiang , Zhang Lu , Zhang Yuwen , Zang Kai , Wang Yun 
Published: August 2019

Background & Objective:Tenidap, a selective human inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) 2.3 channel opener, has been reported to have antiepileptic effect in the pilocarpine temporal lobe epilepsy rat model in our previous study. However, the effect of tenidap on neurons and its relationship with the epileptiform bursting charges in neuron is still required to be explored.Methods:In this study, cyclothiazide (CTZ) induced cultured hippocampal neuron epileptic model was used to study the antiepileptic effect of tenidap and the relationship between Kir2.3 channel and the neuronal epileptiform burst.Results:Patch clamp recording showed that both acute (2h) and chronic (48h) CTZ pre-treatment all significantly induced robust epileptiform burst activities in cultured hippocampal neurons, and tenidap acutely application inhibited this highly synchronized abnormal activities. The effect of tenidap is likely due to increased activity of Kir2.3 channels, since tenidap significantly enhanced kir current recorded from those neurons. In addition, neurons overexpressing Kir2.3 channels, by transfection with Kir2.3 plasmid, showed a significant large increase of the Kir current, prevented CTZ treatment to induce epileptiform burst discharge.Conclusion:Our current study demonstrated that over activation of Kir2.3 channel in hippocampal neurons could positively interference with epileptiform burst activities, and tenidap, as a selective Kir2.3 channel opener, could be a potential candidate for seizure therapy.