bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of the Contour Neurovascular System for treating intracranial aneurysms: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Günkan Ahmet , Scarcia Luca , Ferreira Marcio Yuri , Vilardo Marina , Fabrini Paleare Luis Flavio , Bocanegra-Becerra Jhon E , Fouad Mohamed E M , Maia Henrique Garcia , Semione Gabriel , Alexandre Andrea Maria , Vilardo Leonardo , Clarençon Frédéric , Serulle Yafell , Jabbour Pascal 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe Contour Neurovascular System (CNS, Stryker, Kalamazoo, MI) has a unique design that allows it to address various aneurysm morphologies, including wide-necked, irregular, and shallow-shaped lesions. However, evidence of its safety and efficacy remains limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes the current data on CNS performance.MethodsA comprehensive search guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards was performed across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, including studies with ≥5 patients reporting on CNS use. Efficacy outcomes included immediate and last follow-up adequate aneurysm occlusion and technical success. Safety outcomes included good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–2 at last follow-up), procedure-related morbidity (permanent neurological deficits), procedure-related mortality, intraoperative and postoperative complications. Pooled analyses with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were conducted, with heterogeneity assessed using I² statistics, and a random-effects model was applied.ResultsNine studies, including 483 patients (58.8% female; mean age: 59.3±15.6 years) with 484 aneurysms, were analyzed. Of the 467 patients in whom rupture status was reported, 81.8% presented with unruptured aneurysms and 18.2% with ruptured aneurysms. Immediate adequate aneurysm occlusion rate was 53% (95% CI: 1% to 100%), with follow-up adequate occlusion at 93% (95% CI: 88% to 97%) and technical success at 98% (95% CI: 95% to 100%). Intraoperative and postoperative complication rates were 3% (95% CI: 0% to 7%) and 7% (95% CI: 3% to 12%), respectively. Procedure-related morbidity was 2% (95% CI: 0% to 3%), with no procedure-related mortality.ConclusionThe CNS is a safe and effective novel intrasaccular device for treating intracranial aneurysms.
Evaluation and randomised controlled trial of home urinalysis testing in patients with SLE at elevated risk for developing lupus nephritis: a study protocol
Authors: Gold Heather T , El Shahawy Omar , Izmirly Peter M , Masson Mala , Cohen Brooke , Buyon Jill P 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionLupus nephritis (LN) is a frequent complication of SLE, occurring in up to 60% of adult patients and ultimately progressing from acute inflammation to chronicity with fibrosis and end-stage kidney failure in 10%–30% of patients. Racial/ethnic minority patients with lupus have worse long-term outcomes, including progression to end-stage renal disease and overall mortality. A major challenge in the management of patients with SLE is delayed identification of early kidney disease, which ultimately leads to a greater burden on both patients and the health system.Methods and analysisUsing a mixed methods approach, this study will develop, adapt and evaluate a home urine sampling protocol with a text-messaging reminder and data capture system for patients at elevated risk of de novo LN or relapse. First, a feasibility pilot using a single-group trial design (n=18) will be implemented, with a feasibility assessment and qualitative, debriefing interviews with patients to further refine the intervention. The second phase is a comparative effectiveness trial of the intervention (n=160) with the primary outcome of biopsy eligibility, that is, the participant has a clinical indication for a kidney biopsy (urine protein–creatinine ratio≥0.5), whether or not the patient actually undergoes the biopsy procedure. The randomised trial includes an economic evaluation of the adapted home urinalysis protocol.Discussion and disseminationIt is unknown whether weekly home-based urine sampling can identify proteinuria sooner than standard care; if found sooner, kidney problems could be diagnosed earlier, hopefully leading to earlier care for less-involved disease and subsequent reduced morbidity. The data collected in this trial will inform future feasibility and effectiveness of text-messaging-based home urine sampling interventions.Trial registration numberThe randomised trial will be registered with ClincialTrials.gov prior to enrolment start.
Topologically modified Einstein equation: a solution with singularities on $${\mathbb {S}}^3$$
Authors: Vigneron Quentin , Szabó Áron , Mourier Pierre 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVigneron (Found Phys 54:15, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10701-023-00749-z, 2024) recently proposed a modification of general relativity in which a non-dynamical term related to the spatial topology is introduced in the Einstein equation. The original motivation for this theory is to allow for the non-relativistic limit to exist in any physical topology. In the present paper, we derive a first inhomogeneous exact vacuum solution of this theory for a spherical topology, assuming staticity and spherical symmetry. The metric represents a black hole and a repulsive singularity at opposite poles of a 3-sphere. The solution is similar to the Schwarzschild metric, but the spacelike infinity is cut, and replaced by a repulsive singularity at finite distance, implying that the spacelike hypersurfaces have finite volume, and the total mass is zero. We discuss how this solution paves the way to massive, non-static solutions of this theory, more directly relevant for cosmology.
Insights into gravitinos abundance, cosmic strings and stochastic gravitational wave background
Authors: El Bourakadi K. , Otalora G. , Burton-Villalobos A. , Chakir H. , Ferricha-Alami M. , Bennai M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate D-term inflation within the framework of supergravity, employing the minimal Kähler potential. Following previous studies that revealed that this model can overcome the $$\eta $$
η
-problem found in F-term models, we explore reheating dynamics and gravitino production, emphasizing the interplay between reheating temperature, spectral index, and gravitino abundance. Our analysis indicates that gravitino production is sensitive to the equation of state during reheating, affecting the reheating temperature and subsequent dark matter relic density. Furthermore, we analyze gravitational waves generated by cosmic strings, providing critical constraints on early Universe dynamics and cosmic string properties, the energy scales of both inflation and string formation influence the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) generated by these cosmic strings.
Electromagnetic fields in topologically charged traversable wormholes
Authors: Kurbah Meshwa Garnet , Ahmed Faizuddin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this research paper, we focus on analyzing the electromagnetic fields within the framework of a traversable wormhole that incorporates a cosmic string. We then extend our investigation to a traversable wormhole with a global monopole charge, addressing the same problem in this new context. To facilitate our study, we compute the electromagnetic field tensor and derive Maxwell’s vacuum field equations, which govern the behavior of the electric and magnetic fields. Using an analytical approach, we obtain solutions for the electromagnetic fields and compare them with the results from conventional Minkowski flat space. Our study demonstrates significant deviations in the electromagnetic fields, and thus, changes the behavior of electromagnetic waves in the presence of a cosmic string and a global monopole charges within this wormhole background.
On gravity unification in SL(2N,C) gauge theories
Authors: Chkareuli J. L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe local SL(2N, C) symmetry is shown to provide, when appropriately constrained, a viable framework for a consistent unification of the known elementary forces, including gravity. Such a covariant constraint implies that an actual gauge field multiplet in the SL(2N, C) theory is ultimately determined by the associated tetrad fields which not only specify the geometric features of spacetime but also govern which local internal symmetries are permissible within it. As a consequence, upon the covariant removal of all “redundant” gauge field components, the entire theory only exhibits the effective $$SL(2,C)\times SU(N)$$

S
L
(
2
,
C
)
×
S
U
(
N
)

symmetry, comprising SL(2, C) gauge gravity on one hand and SU(N) grand unified theory on the other. Given that all states involved in the SL(2N, C) theories are additionally classified according to their spin values, many potential SU(N) GUTs, including the conventional SU(5) theory, appear to be irrelevant for standard spin 1/2 quarks and leptons. Meanwhile, applying the SL(2N, C) symmetry to the model of composite quarks and leptons with constituent chiral preons in its fundamental representations reveals, under certain natural conditions, that among all accompanying $$SU(N)_{L}\times SU(N)_{R}$$

S
U

(
N
)

L

×
S
U

(
N
)

R

chiral symmetries of preons and their composites only the $$SU(8)_{L}\times SU(8)_{R}$$

S
U

(
8
)

L

×
S
U

(
8
)

R

meets the anomaly matching condition ensuring masslessness of these composites at large distances. This, in turn, identifies SL(16, C) with the effective $$SL(2,C)\times SU(8)$$

S
L
(
2
,
C
)
×
S
U
(
8
)

symmetry, accommodating all three quark-lepton families, as the most likely candidate for hyperunification of the existing elementary forces.
Ionization loss spectra of high-energy protons in an oriented crystal at various incidence angles with respect to a crystalline plane
Authors: Trofymenko S. V. , Kyryllin I. V. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe ionization energy loss distributions (spectra) of high-energy protons in oriented silicon crystals are considered on the basis of computer simulation. Evolution of the spectra with the change of the angle $$\theta $$
θ
between the particle momentum and the crystal (110) plane is investigated. It is shown that both the most probable and the average energy loss change non-monotonically with the increase of $$\theta $$
θ
. While at small $$\theta $$
θ
these losses are lower than their values in a disoriented crystal, at larger $$\theta $$
θ
they can be higher than these values. The dependence of the most probable energy loss on $$\theta $$
θ
contains a discontinuity, which however might be challenging to register experimentally. Additionally, the influence of dechanneling and the incident beam divergence on the spectra of planar channeled protons is demonstrated.
Dark sector showers and hadronisation in Herwig 7
Authors: Kulkarni Suchita , Masouminia M. R. , Plätzer Simon , Stafford Dominic 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe present a novel simulation of a strongly interacting dark sector also known as the Hidden Valley scenarios using angular ordered showers and the cluster hadronisation model in Herwig 7. We discuss the basics of this implementation and the scale hierarchies underpinning the simulation. With the help of a few benchmarks, we show the effect of variation of dark sector parameters on thrust and angularities within the dark sector, and study correlation functions, which can be helpful for understanding the angular structure of these events. Finally we comment on the uncertainties introduced due to lack of knowledge of hadronisation parameters within the dark sectors.
A novel approach to neutrino–hydrogen measurements
Authors: Duyang H. , Guo B. , Mishra S. R. , Petti R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe limited statistics of the available (anti)neutrino–hydrogen (H) interactions has been a longstanding impediment for high-energy neutrino physics. We discuss a practical way to achieve accurate (anti)neutrino–hydrogen measurements, addressing the principal limitations of earlier experiments. Interactions on hydrogen are extracted by subtracting measurements on thin dedicated graphite (pure C) and polypropylene (CH2) targets within a highly segmented low-density detector. A kinematic selection is used to increase the purities to 80–95% before subtraction. A statistics of $${{\mathcal {O}}}(10^6)$$

O
(

10
6

)

can be realistically achieved in modern neutrino beams for the various $$\nu ({\bar{\nu }})$$

ν
(

ν

¯

)

-H event topologies. The availability of such samples would allow a precise determination of neutrino and antineutrino fluxes, as well as to directly constrain nuclear effects from a comparison with corresponding measurements on heavy materials within the same detector. The (anti)neutrino fluxes and the nuclear smearing are typically the leading sources of systematic uncertainties in long-baseline oscillation experiments. (Anti)neutrino–hydrogen interactions also provide an ideal tool for a wide range of precision tests of fundamental interactions.
Contemporary Outcomes of TAVR Using a Balloon-Expandable Valve in Patients With Severe Mitral Stenosis: Insights From the Transcatheter Valve Therapies Registry
Authors: Kumar Anirudh , Ahmad Imran N. , Flaherty James D. , Nagaraja Vinayak , Huded Chetan P. , Reed Grant W. , Puri Rishi , Rassi Andrew N. , Goel Sachin S. , Jneid Hani , McCabe James M. , Guerrero Mayra , Zahr Firas , Krishnaswamy Amar , Kapadia Samir R. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
While initial data for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in aortic stenosis patients with mitral stenosis (MS) suggested a poor short-term prognosis, outcomes for contemporary balloon-expandable valves remain unknown. The aim of this retrospective multicenter registry study was to compare the potential impact of MS on TAVR outcomes with balloon-expandable valves.

METHODS:

Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapies Registry and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services claims data were used to obtain a cohort of 327 925 patients who underwent TAVR with current balloon-expandable valves (SAPIEN 3, SAPIEN 3 Ultra, or SAPIEN 3 Ultra Resilia) between June 2015 and December 2022 across 791 sites. Severe MS (defined as >10 mm Hg mean gradient or <1.5 cm
2
area) was compared with mild or less MS (defined as <5 mm Hg mean gradient and >2 cm
2
area) using propensity matching to minimize confounding variables.

RESULTS:

Patients with severe MS (n=8500; 2.6%) had a higher number of comorbid conditions, Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk scores, and were more often women than patients with mild or less MS at the time of index TAVR. While patients with severe MS had worse outcomes at 30 days, when propensity-matched, patients exhibited similar 30-day rates of death (3.2% versus 3.0%), stroke (2.4% versus 2.2%), major vascular complications (1.6% versus 1.6%), device implant success (98.9% versus 99.2%), and new dialysis (0.7% versus 0.5%), with higher rates of pacemaker implantation (11.3% versus 9.4%;
P
<0.001). By 1 year, there was no difference in the change in the KCCQ (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire) overall score from baseline to 1 year (30.7±27.0 versus 31.9±27.0;
P
=0.07). By 3 years, an increase in the mortality rate (45.1% versus 40.9%;
P
<0.001) of patients with severe MS was observed.

CONCLUSIONS:
MS in isolation is not associated with worsened short-term outcomes among patients undergoing contemporary TAVR with balloon-expandable valves.
Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis in Patients Referred to a Genetic Testing Program
Authors: Bhatt Kunal , Delgado Diego H. , Khella Sami , Bumma Naresh , Karam Chafic , Keller Andrew , Rosen Andrew M. , Bozas Ana , Shea Amy , Towne Meghan C. , Polfus Linda M. , Kaeser Gwendolyn E. , Sanjurjo Victoria , Shah Keyur B. 
Published: November 2024

Background
Diagnosis of hereditary amyloid transthyretin (hATTR) amyloidosis with cardiomyopathy is frequently delayed, in large part because of symptom overlap with other cardiovascular diseases and limited provider knowledge of this disease. The sponsored and provider referred hATTR Compass Genetic Testing Program (Ionis, Carlsbad, CA; Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA) provided no‐cost genetic testing to adults with a family history or clinical suspicion of hATTR amyloidosis. This study aims to characterize patients with hATTR amyloidosis and increase awareness of genetic testing for hATTR.

Methods and Results

Patients were referred to the hATTR genetic testing program, and a cross‐sectional post hoc analysis was performed. A pathogenic
TTR
variant was identified in 1503 (6.6%) of 22 886 patients referred for genetic testing between June 2018 and March 2022. Patients were identified in all US states, 3 US territories, and Canada. Median age at testing was 63 years, and 44% were female. The p.V142I
TTR
variant was the most common (n=1263, 84.0%). Only 32% of patients with a pathogenic
TTR
variant reported a known family history; a lower percentage of Black individuals reported a known family history compared with other racial and ethnic groups. Black patients accounted for 23.7% of all patients referred and 81.9% of patients with the p.V142I variant.

Conclusions

This sponsored genetic testing program identified a large number of patients with a pathogenic
TTR
variant, notably, in geographic regions not previously reported, and demographic groups that are historically underrepresented in the literature.
Pulsatile Vascular Afterload Measurement Improves Prediction of Right‐Sided Heart Dysfunction in Undifferentiated and Left‐Sided Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Hungerford Sara Louise , Kearney Katherine , Li Christina , Song Ning , Everett Kay , Gulati Gaurav , Olsen Nicholas , Lau Edmund , Jabbour Andrew , Bart Nicole , Kotlyar Eugene , Muller David , Hayward Christopher , Kapur Navin , Adji Audrey 
Published: November 2024

Background
The association between raised pulmonary artery pressures, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and right‐sided heart dysfunction is well recognized. The added value of pulsatile indices, specifically pulmonary arterial compliance (PAC) and characteristic impedance, remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the optimal vascular afterload model for predicting right‐sided heart dysfunction in newly diagnosed pulmonary hypertension (PH).

METHODS AND RESULTS

This was a prospective cohort study of 86 patients with suspected PH (60±16 years; 66 women) who underwent right‐sided heart catheterization and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Right ventricular end‐diastolic volume index (RVEDVi) and right atrial (RA) volume index were measured using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Vascular resistance, PAC, and characteristic impedance were measured using pulmonary artery pressure from right‐sided heart catheterization and pulmonary artery flow from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Optimal model fit was determined by the lowest Akaike Information Criterion value. A total of 58% of patients had a right ventricular ejection fraction <50%, 63% had an increased RVEDVi, and 56% had an increased RA volume index. Overall, PVR was the best predictor of right ventricular ejection fraction <50% (
P
<0.01), increased RVEDVi (
P
<0.01), and RA volume index (
P
=0.02). However, for patients with a PVR <240
dynes.s.cm
−5
, PAC
clinical
outperformed PVR in predicting right ventricular ejection fraction <50% (
P
=0.02) and increased RVEDVi (
P
=0.05). A 3‐component model (PVR, PAC
clinical
, and characteristic impedance) best predicted RA dilatation (
P
=0.05). In paired analysis, alternative methods of PAC quantification better predicted increased RVEDVi (PAC
decay
P
=0.02) and RA volume index (PAC
area
P
=0.02). PAC
clinical
<2.3 mL/mm Hg optimally predicted right‐sided heart dysfunction (area under the curve, 0.768) and increased the AUC for PVR in undifferentiated/left‐sided PH (0.89 versus 0.72).

Conclusions

Pulsatile vascular afterload measurement improves right‐sided heart dysfunction prediction in undifferentiated/left‐sided PH. More accurate PAC measurement methods could further enhance prognostic accuracy, while a PVR ≥240
dynes.s.cm
−5
remains a valuable threshold for precapillary PH.
HIV‐Associated Heart Failure: Phenotypes and Clinical Outcomes in a Safety‐Net Setting
Authors: Durstenfeld Matthew S. , Thakkar Anjali , Jeon Diane , Short Robert , Ma Yifei , Tseng Zian H. , Hsue Priscilla Y. 
Published: November 2024

Background
HIV is associated with increased risk of heart failure (HF) but data regarding phenotypes of HF and outcomes after HF diagnosis, especially within the safety net where half of people with HIV in the United States receive care, are less clear.

Methods and Results

Using an electronic health record cohort of all individuals with HF within a municipal safety‐net system from 2001 to 2019 linked to the National Death Index Plus, we compared HF phenotypes, all‐cause mortality, HF hospitalization, and cause of death for individuals with and without HIV. Among people with HF (n=14 829), 697 individuals had HIV (4.7%). People with HIV were diagnosed with HF 10 years younger on average. A higher proportion of people with HIV had a reduced ejection fraction at diagnosis (37.9% versus 32.7%). Adjusted for age, sex, and risk factors, coronary artery disease on angiography was similar by HIV status. HIV was associated with 55% higher risk of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.55 [95% CI, 1.37–1.76];
P
<0.001) and lower odds of HF hospitalization (odds ratio [OR], 0.51 [95% CI, 0.39–0.66];
P
<0.001). Among people with HIV with HF, cause of death was less often attributed to cardiovascular disease (22.5% versus 54.6% uninfected;
P
<0.001) and more to substance use (17.9% versus 9.3%;
P
<0.001), consistent with autopsy findings in a subset (n=81).

Conclusions
Among people with HF who receive care within a municipal safety‐net system, HIV infection is associated with higher mortality, despite lower odds of HF hospitalization, attributable to noncardiovascular causes including substance‐related and HIV‐related mortality.
Metabolic Signatures of Blood Pressure and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Manou Maria , Papagiannopoulos Christos , Chalitsios Christos V. , Asimakopoulos Alexandros‐Georgios , Markozannes Georgios , Bulló Monica , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Papandreou Christopher , Tzoulaki Ioanna 
Published: November 2024

Background
The underlying biological mechanisms linking blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are only partly understood. We aimed to identify metabolic signatures associated with systolic and diastolic BP and investigate their subsequent association with risk of CVD.

Methods and Results
The study included 201 742 UK Biobank participants with measurements on 249 metabolic biomarkers. A multistep adaptive elastic net penalized regression with 10‐fold cross‐validation was employed to identify metabolic signatures for systolic BP and diastolic BP. External validation was conducted on 848 participants from the EHS (Epirus Health Study). We further assessed the associations between BP metabolic signatures and incident composite CVD (N=6742), myocardial infarction (N=4192), and stroke (N=2757) in the UK Biobank, using multivariable Cox regression models. The metabolic signatures comprised 31 and 25 metabolites, robustly correlated with systolic BP and diastolic BP, respectively, in both the UK Biobank and the EHS. Following adjustments (including BP), the metabolic signature for systolic BP was positively associated with incident myocardial infarction (hazard ratio [HR], 1.11 [95% CI, 1.07–1.15]) and CVD (HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.04–1.10]). Similarly, the metabolic signature for diastolic BP was associated with a higher risk of myocardial infarction (HR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.12–1.20]) and CVD (HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.05–1.12]). The associations between the signatures and stroke were not significant. The metabolic signatures partly mediated the total effect of the BP traits on the risk of myocardial infarction and CVD.

Conclusions
Our findings may enhance our understanding of the biological mechanisms through which BP affects CVD.