bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of culture on autobiographical life structure in depression
Authors: Jobson Laura , Miskon Nazleen , Dalgleish Tim , Hitchcock Caitlin , Hill Emma , Golden Ann‐Marie , Zulkefly Nor Sheereen , Mukhtar Firdaus 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesDistortions in autobiographical memory have been implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD). Those with MDD demonstrate a ‘depressogenic’ autobiographical life structure. Research has not examined how culture influences this process. We investigated whether Malay individuals (members of an interdependent culture) with MDD demonstrated a ‘depressogenic’ autobiographical life structure similar to that of British individuals (members of an independent culture) with MDD.DesignA 2 (Culture; Malay, British) × 2 (Mood; depressed, control) cross‐sectional design using a card sort task and self‐report measures was used.MethodsMalay individuals with MDD or no history of MDD completed the life‐structure card‐sorting task, which provided a novel method for investigating organizational structure of the life narrative. These data were compared to previously collected data in which British individuals with MDD or without MDD had completed the same task within the same experimental protocol.ResultsPan‐culturally those with MDD had greater negativity (i.e., used more negative attributes), negative redundancy (i.e., used the same negative attributes repeatedly across life chapters) and negative emodiversity (i.e., had greater variety and relative abundance of negative attributes), and reduced positive redundancy (i.e., used the same positive attributes repeatedly across chapters) in their structuring relative to controls. While the British MDD group had greater compartmentalization (i.e., the negative and positive attributes were clustered separately across different chapters) than British controls, the Malay MDD group had lower levels of compartmentalization than Malay controls.ConclusionsThe findings suggest culture may shape aspects of the autobiographical life structure in MDD.Practitioner points

The majority of the literature investigating depression pertains to individuals from European Western cultures, despite recognition that depression ranks as one of the most debilitating diseases worldwide.

This raises questions as to whether current depression models and interventions can be applied universally or whether they are limited to European Western groups.

The current study found that pan‐culturally those with MDD had similar structuring of their life story relative to controls.

However, there were some cultural differences that need to be considered (e.g., Malay individuals provided less detailed, less elaborate and less emotionally diverse life stories and while the British MDD group had greater compartmentalization than British controls, the Malay MDD group had lower levels of compartmentalization than Malay controls).

Limitations of the study included group differences in gender and mood at the time of testing.

Cultural differences in the number of attributes used may have influenced findings.

Only the Malay group completed the individualism–collectivism measure.
The effects of mother‐child mediated learning strategies on psychological resilience and cognitive modifiability of boys with learning disability
Authors: Tzuriel David , Shomron Vered 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundThe theoretical framework of the current study is based on mediated learning experience (MLE) theory, which is similar to the scaffolding concept. The main question of the current study was to what extent mother–childMLEstrategies affect psychological resilience and cognitive modifiability of boys with learning disability (LD). Secondary questions were to what extent the home environment, severity of boy'sLD, and mother's attitude towards her child'sLDaffect herMLEstrategies and consequently the child's psychological resilience and cognitive modifiability.AimsThe main objectives of this study were the following: (a) to investigate the effects of mother–childMLEstrategies on psychological resilience and cognitive modifiability among 7‐ to 10‐year‐old boys withLD, (b) to study the causal effects of distal factors (i.e., socio‐economic status [SES], home environment, severity of child'sLD, mother's attitude towardsLD) and proximal factors (i.e.,MLEstrategies) on psychological resilience and cognitive modifiability.MethodsA sample of mother–child dyads (n = 100) were videotaped during a short teaching interaction. All children were boys diagnosed as children withLD. The interaction was analysed forMLEstrategies by theObservation of Mediation Interactionscale. Children were administered psychological resilience tests and their cognitive modifiability was measured by dynamic assessment using the Analogies subtest from theCognitive Modifiability Battery. Home environment was rated by theHome Observation for Measurement of the Environment(HOME), and mothers answered a questionnaire of attitudes towards child'sLD.ResultsThe findings showed that mother–childMLEstrategies,HOME, and socio‐economic level contributed significantly to prediction of psychological resilience (78%) and cognitive modifiability (51%). Psychological resilience was positively correlated with cognitive modifiability (Rc = 0.67). Structural equation modelling analysis supported, in general, the hypotheses about the causal effects of distal and proximal factors of psychological resilience and cognitive modifiability.ConclusionThe findings validate and extend theMLEtheory by showing that mother–childMLEstrategies significantly predict psychological resilience and cognitive modifiability among boys withLD. Significant correlation between psychological resilience and cognitive modifiability calls for further research exploring the role ofMLEstrategies in development of both.
Transvesical robot‐assisted simple prostatectomy with 360° circumferential reconstruction: step‐by‐step technique
Authors: Cacciamani Giovanni , Medina Luis , Ashrafi Akbar , Landsberger Hannah , Winter Matthew , Mekhail Peter , Desai Mihir , Aron Monish , Berger Andre 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo present the step‐by‐step technique of a 360° mucosal reconstruction after transvesical robot‐assisted simple prostatectomy (RASP).Patient and MethodsWe analysed the first 23 consecutive patients who underwent RASP using our 360° reconstruction between December 2015 and October 2017. After transperitoneal intravesical adenoma enucleation, a circumferential 360° reconstruction is performed. The first suture is placed at the 9 o'clock position and the edge of the urethra and bladder mucosa is approximated using 2‐0 barbed suture. The reconstruction is continued counter‐clockwise and the bladder mucosa is approximated to the urethra circumferentially.ResultsThe mean (sd) operating time was 160.6 (28.1) min and the estimated blood loss was 98.6 (99.8) mL. No patients required conversion to open surgery. No intra‐operative or postoperative transfusions were needed. No intra‐operative complications occurred. The mean (sd) length of hospital stay was 2.1 (0.6) days. One postoperative complication was reported (respiratory distress in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, requiring intensive care unit admission).ConclusionOur 360° reconstruction during RASP is feasible and safe. The aim of the technique is to minimize use of electrocautery and decrease the raw surface area on the prostate capsule. This technical modification could potentially lessen postoperative bleeding after RASP and therefore the need for continuous bladder irrigation. In addition, it could potentially lead to mitigation of burning and irritative postoperative symptoms. Longer follow‐up and comparative studies of different RASP techniques are still needed.
Subjective oral symptoms associated with self‐rated oral health among Indigenous groups in Central‐West Brazil
Authors: Arantes Rui , Frazão Paulo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether subjective oral symptoms were associated with self‐rated oral health after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and dentition status in 4 different Indigenous peoples from Central‐West Brazil.MethodsA population‐based cross‐sectional study of oral health was conducted between 2012 and 2014. The randomly selected sample was stratified according to 4 ethnic groups (Kaiwoá, Kadiwéu, Terena and Guarani) and 2 age groups (15‐19 and 35‐44 years). The outcome was poor self‐rated oral health. Independent variables obtained by interviews were age, sex, ethnicity, schooling, family income, self‐reported toothache, difficulty chewing and difficulty speaking due to dental problems. Dentition status, oral morbidity and normative treatment needs were obtained through oral examinations. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Poisson regression modelling with robust variance estimation.ResultsPoor self‐rated oral health was more common in the older age group and in Guarani peoples than their counterparts (PR = 1.06 [1.00‐1.12]; PR = 1.09 [1.02‐1.16], respectively). After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, fewer functional teeth (PR = 1.11 [1.02‐1.20]), 2 or more untreated decayed teeth (PR = 1.15 [1.07‐1.23]), normative need for extraction (PR = 1.15 [1.05‐1.25]) and normative need for restoration of one or more surfaces (PR = 1.16 [1.05‐1.27]) were positively associated with self‐rated oral health. Toothache and difficulty speaking remained positively associated with the outcome after controlling for all previous variables (PR = 1.10 [1.05‐1.18]; PR = 1.20 [1.09‐1.32]).ConclusionsOral symptoms such as toothache and difficulty speaking due to dental problems play an important role in oral health self‐rating. Self‐rated oral health is an appropriate indicator for use in diverse sociocultural contexts.
Barriers and facilitators to self‐management of asthma in adolescents: An interview study to inform development of a novel intervention
Authors: Holley S. , Walker D. , Knibb R. , Latter S. , Liossi C. , Mitchell F. , Radley R. , Roberts G. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackground and ObjectiveDespite literature that spans twenty years describing the barriers to asthma self‐management in adolescents, successful, clinically based interventions to address this important issue are lacking. Given the limitations of some of the previous studies, we conducted a study that aimed to gain a broader insight into barriers and facilitators to self‐management of asthma by adolescents, not just adherence to treatment, and triangulated their views with those of their parents and healthcare professionals.MethodsFocus groups and interviews were conducted separately for 28 adolescents with asthma aged 12‐18 years, 14 healthcare professionals and 12 parents. Focus groups and interviews were audio‐recorded, and transcripts from each participant group were analysed separately using inductive thematic analysis. We triangulated the three perspectives by comparing themes that had emerged from each analysis.ResultsAdolescents', parents' and healthcare professionals' views were summarized into ten related themes that included forgetting and routines, knowledge, embarrassment and confidence, communication with healthcare professionals, triggers, support at school, apathy and taking responsibility. We found that adolescents, parents and healthcare professionals raised similar barriers and facilitators to self‐management and our results provide further validation for previous studies.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceOur study highlights that healthcare professionals may need to consider a range of psychological and contextual issues influencing adolescents' ability to effectively self‐manage their asthma, in particular, how they implement treatment routines and the understanding that adolescents have of their condition and treatments. Crucially, healthcare professionals need to consider how this information is communicated and ensure they facilitate open, inclusive, two‐way consultations. From this more comprehensive understanding, we have developed interventional strategies that healthcare professionals can utilize to empower adolescents to improve their asthma self‐management.
Correlation of natural autoantibodies and cardiovascular disease-related anti-bacterial antibodies in pericardial fluid of cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Simon D , Gilicze O , Farkas N , Najbauer J , Németh P , Lénárd L , Berki T 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Our previous studies showed that anti-citrate synthase (anti-CS) immunoglobulin (Ig)M natural autoantibodies are present in healthy individuals without previous antigen stimulation, but no studies have investigated their presence in the pericardial fluid (PF). Therefore, we detected the natural anti-CS IgG/M autoantibody levels in plasma and PF of cardiac surgery patients and investigated their relationship with cardiovascular disease-associated bacterial pathogens. PF and blood samples of 22 coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and 10 aortic valve replacement (AVR) patients were tested for total Ig levels, natural autoantibodies and infection-related antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Luminex methods. The B cell subsets were measured by flow cytometry. The total Ig subclass levels were four to eight times lower in PF than in plasma, but the natural anti-CS IgM autoantibodies showed a relative increase in PF. The frequency of CD19+ B lymphocytes was significantly lower in PF than in blood (P = 0·01), with a significant relative increase of B1 cells (P = 0·005). Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody-positive patients had significantly higher anti-CS IgM levels. In CABG patients we found a correlation between anti-CS IgG levels and M. pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Borrelia burgdorferi antibody titres. Our results provide the first evidence that natural autoantibodies are present in the PF, and they show a significant correlation with certain anti-bacterial antibody titres in a disease-specific manner.
Sorafenib paradoxically activates the RAS/RAF/ERK pathway in polyclonal human NK cells during expansion and thereby enhances effector functions in a dose- and time-dependent manner
Authors: Lohmeyer J , Nerreter T , Dotterweich J , Einsele H , Seggewiss-Bernhardt R 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Natural killer (NK) cells play a major role in host immunity against leukaemia and lymphoma. However, clinical trials applying NK cells have not been as efficient as hoped for. Patients treated with rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF) inhibitors exhibit increased tumour infiltration by immune cells, suggesting that a combination of RAF inhibitors with immunotherapy might be beneficial. As mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (CRAF) regulate NK cell functions, we performed an in-vitro investigation on the potential of clinically relevant short-acting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as potential adjuvants for NK cell therapy: NK cells from healthy human blood donors were thus treated with sorafenib, sunitinib or the pan-RAF inhibitor ZM336372 during ex-vivo expansion. Functional outcomes assessed after washout of the drugs included cytokine production, degranulation, cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction and signal transduction with/without target cell contact. Paradoxically, sorafenib enhanced NK cell effector functions in a time- and dose-dependent manner by raising the steady-state activation level. Of note, this did not lead to NK cell exhaustion, but enhanced activity against target cells such as K562 or Daudis mediated via the RAS/RAF/extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, but not via protein kinase B (AKT). Our data will pave the path to develop a rationale for the considered use of RAF inhibitors such as sorafenib for pre-activation in NK cell-based adoptive immune therapy.
The effects of the Union for International Cancer Control/American Joint Committee on Cancer Tumour, Node, Metastasis system version 8 on staging of differentiated thyroid cancer: a comparison to version 7
Authors: Verburg Frederik A. , Mäder Uwe , Luster Markus , Reiners Christoph 
Published: March 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo assess the changes resulting from the changes from UICC/AJCC TNM version 7 to version 8 and to subsequently determine whether TNM version 8 is an improvement compared to previous iterations of the TNM system and other staging systems for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) with regard to prognostic power.DesignDatabase study of DTC patients treated in our centre between 1978 up to and including 1 July 2014. Results were compared to our previous comparison of prognostic systems using the same data set.Patients2257 DTC patients.MeasurementsStaging in accordance with TNM 7 and TNM 8. Thyroid cancer‐specific mortality; comparison was based on p‐values of univariate Cox regression analyses as well as analysis of the proportion of variance explained (PVE).ResultsThere is a redistribution from stage 3 to lower stages affecting 206 (9.1%) patients. DTC‐related mortality according to Kaplan‐Meier for younger and older patients in TNM 7 had a slightly lower prognostic power than that in accordance with TNM 8 (P = 8.0 10−16 and P = 1.5 10−21, respectively). Overall staging is lower in 627/2257 (27.8%) patients. PVE (TNM 7: 0.29; TNM 8: 0.28) and the P‐value of Cox regressions (TNM 7: P = 7.1*10−52; TNM 8: P = 3.9*10−49) for TNM version 8 are marginally lower than that for TNM version 7, but still better than for any other DTC staging system.ConclusionTNM 8 results in a marked downstaging of patients compared to TNM 7. Although some changes, like the change in age boundary, appear to be associated with an improvement in prognostic power, the overall effect of the changes does not improve the predictive power compared to TNM 7.
Effect of subconjunctival Bevacizumab injection on the outcome of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation: a randomized control trial
Authors: Miraftabi Arezoo , Nilforushan Naveed , Darghahi Mina , Alemzadeh Sayyed Amirpooya , Parsamanesh Mohammad , Yadgari Maryam 
Published: March 2018

AbstractImportanceThe effect of subconjunctival Bevacizumab injection on the outcome of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation.BackgroundEvaluation of efficacy and safety of subconjunctival Bevacizumab injection adjunctive to AGV implantation.DesignProspective and randomized clinical trial.ParticipantsFifty eyes of 50 patients with diagnosis of glaucoma that were candidate for AGV surgery were included.MethodsIn 25 eyes, conventional AGV surgery (group 1) and in 25 eyes AGV surgery with subconjunctival Bevacizumab (group 2) was performed by block randomizationMain Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome measure was surgical success. Outcome measures were compared at postoperative month 3, 6 and 12.ResultsMean age of patients was 58.76 ± 12.11 and 51.36 ± 15.44 years in group 1 and 2 respectively (P = 0.06). Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) at baseline was 24.88 ± 7.62 mmHg in group 1 and 27.52 ± 8.57 mmHg in group 2 which decreased to15.4 ± 4.4 mmHg in group 1 and 13.42 ± 2.9 mmHg in group 2 (P < 0.00) at last follow up. Surgical success was defined in two level: postoperative IOP ≤ 21 mmHg with at least 20% reduction in IOP (Criterion A), either with no medication (complete success) or with no more than two medications (qualified success) and criterion B with the same definition but the IOP ≤ 18 mmHg The cumulative success according to criterion A and B was 77.8%, 72.2% in group 1 and 89.5% in group 2, respectively, at the end of follow‐up.Conclusions and RelevanceSubconjunctival injection of Bevacizumab adjunctive to AGV implantation leads to higher success rate compared with AGV alone in one year follow‐up.
A retrospective investigation of hexavalent chromium allergy in southern Sweden
Authors: Lejding Tina , Mowitz Martin , Isaksson Marléne , Bruze Magnus , Pontén Ann , Svedman Cecilia , Zimerson Erik , Engfeldt Malin 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundHistorically, allergic contact dermatitis caused by hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in cement was the most common cause of invalidity attributable to skin disease in Sweden. Since the legislation to reduce Cr(VI) in cement was introduced in 1989, we rarely see allergic contact dermatitis caused by cement.ObjectivesTo examine the frequency of contact allergy to Cr(VI) in southern Sweden in 2005–2014.MethodsWe investigated the occurrence of positive reactions to potassium dichromate 0.5% pet. in consecutively tested dermatitis patients, and compared the occurrence of atopic dermatitis, localization of dermatitis and simultaneous positive reactions to cobalt chloride and nickel sulfate in the Cr(VI)‐positive patients with those in a group of patients with a similar age and sex distribution.ResultsIn total, 6482 patients were tested, and 233 Cr(VI)‐allergic individuals were found (3.6%). A significantly higher proportion of atopic dermatitis was found among Cr(VI)‐allergic patients, and a significantly higher share of foot dermatitis was found among Cr(VI)‐allergic women, than among controls. Cr(VI) allergy was less likely when both nickel allergy and cobalt allergy were present.ConclusionA relatively high frequency of contact allergy to Cr(VI) was found. The cause has shifted from cement exposure to other exposures, probably mainly leather.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis comparing adverse events and functional outcomes of different pouch designs after restorative proctocolectomy
Authors: Simillis C. , Afxentiou T. , Pellino G. , Kontovounisios C. , Rasheed S. , Faiz O. , Tekkis P. P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimThere is no consensus as to which ileoanal pouch design provides better outcomes after restorative proctocolectomy. This study compares different pouch designs.MethodA systematic review of the literature was performed. A random effects meta‐analytical model was used to compare adverse events and functional outcome.ResultsThirty comparative studies comparing J, W, S and K pouch designs were included. No significant differences were identified between the different pouch designs with regard to anastomotic dehiscence, anastomotic stricture, pelvic sepsis, wound infection, pouch fistula, pouch ischaemia, perioperative haemorrhage, small bowel obstruction, pouchitis and sexual dysfunction. The W and K designs resulted in fewer cases of pouch failure compared with the J and S designs. J pouch construction resulted in a smaller maximum pouch volume compared with W and K pouches. Stool frequency per 24 h and during daytime was higher following a J pouch than W, S or K constructions. The J design resulted in increased faecal urgency and seepage during daytime compared with the K design. The use of protective pads during daytime and night‐time was greater with a J pouch compared to S or K. The use of antidiarrhoeal medication was greater after a J reservoir than a W reservoir. Difficulty in pouch evacuation requiring intubation was higher with an S pouch than with W or J pouches.ConclusionDespite its ease of construction and comparable complication rates, the J pouch is associated with higher pouch failure rates and worse function. Patient characteristics, technical factors and surgical expertise should be considered when choosing pouch design.