bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HCRP-1 regulates EGFR–AKT–BIM-mediated anoikis resistance and serves as a prognostic marker in human colon cancer
Authors: Chen Feifei , Zhang Lei , Wu Jianqiang , Huo Fuchun , Ren Xin , Zheng Junnian , Pei Dongsheng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma-related protein-1 (HCRP-1), a subunit of mammalian endosomal sorting complex required for transport-I (ESCRT-I), is frequently downregulated in various kinds of malignant tumors. The role of HCRP-1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. We investigate the clinical value of HCRP-1 and its impact on anoikis in CRC. The negative expression of HCRP-1 was significantly correlated with tumor size (P = 0.033), PT status (P = 0.001), TNM stage (P = 0.039), and histological grade (P = 0.01). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that HCRP-1 was an independent prognostic factor for CRC (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.237, P < 0.001 for 5-year overall survival). In the in vitro assay, we found that HCRP-1 depletion resulted in cell anoikis resistance. Knockdown of HCRP-1 suppressed Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (BIM) expression, with phosphorylation of AKT and p-FoxO3a, which was reversed by AKT siRNA or AKT inhibitor. Further analysis showed that loss of HCRP-1 obviously increased the activation of EGFR. Inhibition of EGFR blocked si-HCRP1-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR, AKT, FoxO3a, and BIM expression. Moreover, the in vivo results revealed that loss of HCRP-1 promoted cancer metastasis. Our findings implied that reduced HCRP-1 expression in CRC resulted in anoikis resistance and contributed to CRC metastasis and poor prognosis. These data may help design effective therapy targeting HCRP-1 pathway to control colon cancer growth and metastasis.
Reduced workforce participation 5 years prior to first Parkinson’s disease sick-leave
Authors: Timpka Jonathan , Dahlström Örjan , Spreco Armin , Nilsson Maria H. , Iwarsson Susanne , Timpka Toomas , Odin Per 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe importance of understanding the prodromal phase of Parkinson’s disease (PD) by systematic recording of prediagnostic symptoms and reductions in body functions has been highlighted. The aim of this study was to investigate whether persons later diagnosed with PD exhibit increased physician-certified sickness absence 1, 2, and 5 years prior to a first sick-leave episode attributed to PD. A case-control study was performed to analyze data from all nontrivial (exceeding 14 days) sick-leave episodes in Sweden between 2008 and 2014. The 537 incident PD sick-leave episodes were identified as PD sick-leave cases and compared to 537 sick-leave controls identified by matching age, sex, and date of the first day of the sick-leave episode. The total sickness absence and sickness absence due to musculoskeletal diagnoses were found to be increased among the PD sick-leave cases from 5 years prior to the first sick-leave episode ascribed to PD when compared to the controls. No differences between PD sick-leave cases and sick-leave controls were found with regard to mental and behavioral diagnoses. We conclude that the capacity to participate in working life is reduced already at the early prediagnostic stages of PD. This finding can be used as a basis for further research into the process of identifying individuals at risk for developing PD, particularly in combination with further investigation into biochemical, genetic, and imaging biomarkers.
Reversible senescence of human colon cancer cells after blockage of mitosis/cytokinesis caused by the CNF1 cyclomodulin from Escherichia coli
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Aung Kyaw Min , Uhlin Bernt Eric , Wai Sun Nyunt 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1), a protein toxin produced by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli, activates the Rho-family small GTPases in eukaryotic cell, thereby perturbing multiple cellular functions. Increasing epidemiological evidence suggests a link between CNF1 and human inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. At the cellular level, CNF1 has been hypothesized to reprogram cell fate towards survival due to the role in perturbing cell cycle and apoptosis. However, it remains undetermined how cells survive from CNF1 intoxication. In this work, we show that CNF1 treatment blocks mitosis/cytokinesis, elicits endoreplication and polyploidisation in cultured human colon cancer cells, and drives them into reversible senescence, which provides a survival route for cells via depolyploidisation. Senescence in CNF1-treated cells is demonstrated with upregulation of several senescence markers including senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, p53, p21 and p16, and concomitant inhibition of the retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. Importantly, progeny derived from CNF1 treatment exhibit genomic instability exemplified by increased aneuploidy and become more resistant to CNF1, but not to 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin, the two agents commonly used in chemotherapeutic treatment for colorectal cancer. These observations display survival features of the cell after CNF1 treatment that may have implications for the potential role of CNF1 in carcinogenesis.
Rapid detection of metastatic lymph nodes of colorectal cancer with a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-activatable fluorescence probe
Authors: Kubo Hidemasa , Hanaoka Kenjiro , Kuriki Yugo , Komatsu Toru , Ueno Tasuku , Kojima Ryosuke , Kamiya Mako , Murayama Yasutoshi , Otsuji Eigo , Urano Yasuteru 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRapid diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes (mLNs) of colorectal cancer (CRC) is desirable either intraoperatively or in resected fresh specimens. We have developed a series of activatable fluorescence probes for peptidase activities that are specifically upregulated in various tumors. We aimed to discover a target enzyme for detecting mLNs of CRC. Among our probes, we found that gGlu-HMRG, a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-activatable fluorescence probe, could detect mLNs. This was unexpected, because we have previously reported that gGlu-HMRG could not detect primary CRC. We confirmed that the GGT activity of mLNs was high, whereas that of non-metastatic lymph nodes and CRC cell lines was low. We investigated the reason why GGT activity was upregulated in mLNs, and found that GGT was induced under conditions of hypoxia or low nutritional status. We utilized this feature to achieve rapid detection of mLNs with gGlu-HMRG. GGT appears to be a promising candidate enzyme for fluorescence imaging of mLNs.
Figure-ground perception in the awake mouse and neuronal activity elicited by figure-ground stimuli in primary visual cortex
Authors: Schnabel Ulf H. , Bossens Christophe , Lorteije Jeannette A. M. , Self Matthew W. , Op de Beeck Hans , Roelfsema Pieter R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFigure-ground segregation is the process by which the visual system identifies image elements of figures and segregates them from the background. Previous studies examined figure-ground segregation in the visual cortex of monkeys where figures elicit stronger neuronal responses than backgrounds. It was demonstrated in anesthetized mice that neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) of mice are sensitive to orientation contrast, but it is unknown whether mice can perceptually segregate figures from a background. Here, we examined figure-ground perception of mice and found that mice can detect figures defined by an orientation that differs from the background while the figure size, position or phase varied. Electrophysiological recordings in V1 of awake mice revealed that the responses elicited by figures were stronger than those elicited by the background and even stronger at the edge between figure and background. A figural response could even be evoked in the absence of a stimulus in the V1 receptive field. Current-source-density analysis suggested that the extra activity was caused by synaptic inputs into layer 2/3. We conclude that the neuronal mechanisms of figure-ground segregation in mice are similar to those in primates, enabling investigation with the powerful techniques for circuit analysis now available in mice.
A comparison of the Ranging behaviour and habitat use of the Ethiopian hedgehog (Paraechinus aethiopicus) in Qatar with hedgehog taxa from temperate environments
Authors: Pettett Carly E. , Al-Hajri Afra , Al-Jabiry Hayat , Macdonald David W. , Yamaguchi Nobuyuki 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe investigated seasonal changes in the ecology and behaviour of the Ethiopian hedgehog (Paraechinus aethiopicus) in Qatar, particularly in respect to differences in behaviour between hedgehogs living in arid environments and hedgehogs in temperate mesic environments. These comparisons will allow us to explore behavioural adaptations to different environments across hedgehog taxa. We radio-tracked 30 hedgehogs in Qatar over two years, and measured home range size, habitat preference, travel speed, activity and body mass. Whilst we found no difference in body mass between males and females, male home range size was over twice as large as that for females. Unlike hedgehogs in Europe, males maintained large home ranges during the non-breeding season. This behaviour may be sustained by the low cost of maintaining a large home range; males travelled less far per hour during the non-breeding season. Habitat use was non-random; arid areas with human influence, including rubbish dumping sites, was the most selected habitat type compared with its availability. Dense scrub and/or trees was the most selected habitat for nesting. This study gives us greater understanding as to how hedgehog taxa are adapted to their environment and therefore how they may be conserved, for example, the recent increase of “lower” level human activities, including irrigated farms and food waste, in harsh arid environments may have influenced the space use by Ethiopian hedgehogs.
Inference of Large-scale Time-delayed Gene Regulatory Network with Parallel MapReduce Cloud Platform
Authors: Yang Bin , Bao Wenzheng , Huang De-Shuang , Chen Yuehui 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInference of gene regulatory network (GRN) is crucial to understand intracellular physiological activity and function of biology. The identification of large-scale GRN has been a difficult and hot topic of system biology in recent years. In order to reduce the computation load for large-scale GRN identification, a parallel algorithm based on restricted gene expression programming (RGEP), namely MPRGEP, is proposed to infer instantaneous and time-delayed regulatory relationships between transcription factors and target genes. In MPRGEP, the structure and parameters of time-delayed S-system (TDSS) model are encoded into one chromosome. An original hybrid optimization approach based on genetic algorithm (GA) and gene expression programming (GEP) is proposed to optimize TDSS model with MapReduce framework. Time-delayed GRNs (TDGRN) with hundreds of genes are utilized to test the performance of MPRGEP. The experiment results reveal that MPRGEP could infer more accurately gene regulatory network than other state-of-art methods, and obtain the convincing speedup.
Structural insights into the molecular mechanism underlying Sirt5-catalyzed desuccinylation of histone peptides
Authors: Hang Tianrong , Chen Wanbiao , Wu Minhao , Zhan Li , Wang Chengliang , Jia Nan , Zhang Xuan , Zang Jianye 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Histone modification is a ubiquitous regulatory mechanism involved in a variety of biological processes, including gene expression, DNA damage repair, cell differentiation, and ontogenesis. Succinylation sites on histones have been identified and may have functional consequences. Here, we demonstrate that human sirtuin 5 (Sirt5) catalyzes the sequence-selective desuccinylation of numerous histone succinyl sites. Structural studies of Sirt5 in complex with four succinyl peptides indicate an essential role for the conserved main chain hydrogen bonds formed by the succinyl lysine (0), +1, and +3 sites for substrate-enzyme recognition. Furthermore, biochemical assays reveal that the proline residue at the +1 site of the histone succinylation substrate is unfavorable for Sirt5 interaction. Our findings illustrate the molecular mechanism underlying the sequence-selective desuccinylase activity of Sirt5 and provide insights for further studies of the biological functions associated with histone succinylation and Sirt5.
Slow-then-rapid quenching as traced by tentative evidence for enhanced metallicities of cluster galaxies at z ∼ 0.2 in the slow quenching phase
Authors: Maier C. , Ziegler B. L. , Haines C. P. , Smith G. P. 
Published: December 2018

Aims. As large-scale structures in the Universe develop with time, environmental effects become more and more important as a star formation quenching mechanism. Since the effects of environmental quenching are more pronounced in denser structures that form at later times, we seek to constrain environmental quenching processes using cluster galaxies at z <  0.3.
Methods. We explored seven clusters from the Local Cluster Substructure Survey (LoCuSS) at 0.15 <  z <  0.26 with spectra of 1965 cluster members in a mass-complete sample from the ACReS (Arizona Cluster Redshift Survey) Hectospec survey covering a region that corresponds to about three virial radii for each cluster. We measured fluxes of [O II] λ 3727, Hβ, [O III] λ 5007, Hα, and [N II] λ 6584 emission lines of cluster members, enabling us to unambiguously derive O/H gas metallicities. We also measured star formation rates (SFRs) from extinction-corrected Hα fluxes. We compared our cluster galaxy sample with a field sample of 705 galaxies at similar redshifts observed with Hectospec as part of the same survey.
Results. We find that star-forming cluster and field galaxies show similar median specific SFRs in a given mass bin of 1 − 3.2 × 1010 M⊙ and 3.2 − 10 × 1010 M⊙, respectively. But their O/H values are displaced, in the lower mass bin, to higher values (significance 2.4σ) at projected radii of R <  R200 compared with galaxies at larger radii and in the field. The comparison with metallicity-SFR-mass model predictions with inflowing gas indicates a slow-quenching scenario in which strangulation is initiated when galaxies pass R ∼ R200 by stopping the inflow of gas. We find tentative evidence that the metallicities of cluster members inside R200 are thereby increasing, but their SFRs are hardly affected for a period of time because these galaxies consume available disk gas. We use the observed fraction of star-forming cluster galaxies as a function of clustercentric radius compared to predictions from the Millennium simulation to constrain quenching timescales to be 1−2 Gyr, which is defined as the time between the moment the galaxy passes R200 until complete quenching of star formation. This is consistent with a slow-then-rapid quenching scenario. Slow quenching (strangulation) starts when the gas inflow is stopped when the galaxy passes R200 with a phase in which cluster galaxies are still star forming, but they show elevated metallicities tracing the ongoing quenching. This phase lasts for 1−2 Gyr, and meanwhile the galaxies travel to denser inner regions of the cluster. This is followed by a “rapid” phase, i.e., a rapid complete quenching of star formation due to the increasing ram pressure toward the cluster center that can also strip the cold gas in massive galaxies.
Ambulante Kinder- und Jugendhospizarbeit
Authors: Schneider Jens 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungAutor Jens Schneider ist als Bereichsleiter der ambulanten Kinder- und
Jugendhospizdienste beim Deutschen Kinderhospizverein e. V. tätig. Er beschreibt
das Arbeitsfeld und zeigt, welche Unterstützung angeboten wird, um erst mal das
Leben der Betroffenen zu begleiten.
Was Eltern sich von der Pflege wünschen
Authors: Floß-Saurer Kathrin 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungKathrin Floß-Saurer war im Handwerk tätig, bevor sie sich ganz der Pflege ihrer
Tochter widmete. Viele Jahre lang hatte sie dabei Unterstützung durch diverse
Pflegedienste, verschiedene Pflegekräfte gingen ein und aus und haben mal
besser, mal schlechter bei der häuslichen Intensivpflege des Mädchens mit
Pflegegrad 5 geholfen. Ihre Beobachtungen und Erfahrungen hat sie in diesem
Beitrag zusammengefasst.
Screening in der Physiotherapie
Authors: Klein Patrick , Rottler Edit , von Wietersheim Jörn 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die richtige Diagnosestellung und daraus eine Behandlung ableiten, gehören zu den erforderlichen Grundfähigkeiten von Physiotherapeuten. Unklar ist, ob die unterschiedlichen Ausbildungsformen in Deutschland diese Qualifikationen auch hinreichend gut vermitteln und sich die Absolventen in ihren Leistungen unterscheiden.
Ziel Ziel dieser Fragebogenuntersuchung war es herauszufinden, inwieweit sich Teilnehmer einer physiotherapeutischen Ausbildung oder Studium in Deutschland und den Niederlanden bei vorgegebenen Fallvignetten für die richtige Diagnose und das richtige Prozedere entscheiden.
Methode Der Fragebogen nach Jette et al. 1 mit 12 Fallbeispielen wurde an Auszubildende und Studierende der Physiotherapie im letzten Ausbildungs- bzw. Studienjahr geschickt. Insgesamt nahmen 428 Auszubildende und Studierende aus Deutschland und 51 aus den Niederlanden an der Studie teil. Bei jeder Fallschilderung mussten sie sich für eine rein physiotherapeutische, medizinische oder gemischte Intervention entscheiden.
Ergebnisse Durchschnittlich 75 % der Teilnehmer entschieden sich für das richtige Prozedere. In Deutschland gaben Studierende eine signifikant höhere Anzahl richtiger Antworten im Vergleich zu den Auszubildenden. Im deutsch-niederländischen Vergleich waren die niederländischen Studierenden signifikant besser. Deutsche Auszubildende und Studierende wiesen vor allem bei medizinisch kritischen Beschwerdebildern schlechtere Ergebnisse auf.
Schlussfolgerungen In der Ausbildung und im Studium sollte die Vermittlung von Screening-Kenntnissen, besonders in Bezug auf medizinisch kritische Beschwerdebilder (Red Flags) verbessert werden.
The Efficacy of Tiapride and Carbamazepine Combination Therapy in Reducing Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Latifi Sahar , Messer Thomas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe combination of tiapride (TIA) and carbamazepine (CBZ) as an alternative treatment option to benzodiazepines and clomethiazole has been investigated by several investigations. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to further explore the efficacy of this combination in order to render more definite answers whether this combination can be recommendable in the clinical practice. We systematically searched electronic databases including PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, OVID, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Scopus for human studies. Statistical homogeneity was checked by χ2 test and I2 using Cochran heterogeneity statistic. Our analysis showed a significant efficacy of the combination of TIA and CBZ in reducing alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) (p<0.0001, z-value: 4.07). The cumulative analysis illustrated that the favorable efficacy of this combination therapy has been consistent over time. Our study shows that the combination of TIA/CBZ is an effective treatment in management of AWS in patients with alcohol abstinence. However, the safety of this combination could not be proven, so we recommend its prescription after an informed consent.
Prescription Medication Misuse
Authors: Hill Jeoffrey , Alford Daniel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn the United States, there is a prescription medication misuse crisis including increases in unintentional drug overdose deaths, medications obtained on the illicit market (i.e., diversion), and in the number of individuals seeking treatment for addiction to prescription medications. Neurologists manage patients suffering from conditions (e.g., pain, seizures, spasticity) where the prescriptions of medications with misuse potential are indicated. It is therefore imperative that neurologists understand which medications are liable to misuse and institute strategies to minimize the harm associated with these medications. The authors review the most common medications prescribed by neurologist with misuse potential, and briefly discuss the behaviors that are suggestive of medication misuse and tools for monitoring patients to minimize medication-related harm from misuse.
VIPER is a genetically encoded peptide tag for fluorescence and electron microscopy
Authors: Doh Julia K. , White Jonathan D. , Zane Hannah K. , Chang Young Hwan , López Claudia S. , Enns Caroline A. , Beatty Kimberly E. 
Published: December 2018

Significance
We are entering a new era in cell cartography, wherein proteins and multiprotein complexes will be mapped with nanoscale precision using advanced instrumentation. The central obstacle hindering progress in this area is the shortage of methods for labeling proteins for imaging by both fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. In this report, we describe a technology for tracking and mapping proteins by multiscale microscopy. To do this, we developed an innovative technology called VIPER. VIPER consists of a heterodimeric coiled-coil between a genetically encoded peptide tag (CoilE) and a reporter-conjugated peptide (CoilR). The key finding is that VIPER delivers a variety of chemical reporters, thus enabling effortless switching from fluorescence microscopy to high-resolution electron microscopy imaging without changing the genetically encoded tag.
Hybrid prevalence estimation: Method to improve intervention coverage estimations
Authors: Jeffery Caroline , Pagano Marcello , Hemingway Janet , Valadez Joseph J. 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Over the last 2 decades, low- and middle-income countries have moved from fragmented paper-based systems to electronic health information systems (HIS). Although these are a major advance, they are not well suited to drive operational policy decisions and detect gaps in service coverage. To avoid overreliance on administrative estimates from HIS, probability surveys of population coverage are increasingly used operationally. By combining the probability survey and HIS data, a hybrid prevalence estimate can be generated that can be used to validate and/or moderate HIS administrative estimates of coverage.
Reforming Canada's Dairy Sector: USMCA and the Issue of Compensation
Authors: van Kooten G. Cornelis 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSupply management (SM) in Canada's dairy sector was an obstacle to the successful renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement. Reform of agricultural SM regimes in sugar, peanuts, tobacco, and dairy in various jurisdictions are reviewed, and an analytic framework is developed to investigate how Canada might eliminate its dairy quota regime while not overcompensating producers. Compensation based on quota values amount to $5.9 billion if untargeted, but only $2.9 billion if targeted; in contrast, theoretically correct estimates of the loss that dairy producers would face range from $0.2 to $1.9 billion. Such costs are low enough not to impede the elimination of supply management.