bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autologous Microfragmented Adipose Tissue Injection in Refractory Complex Crohn’s Perianal Fistulas: Long-Term Results at 6.7 Years Mean Follow-up
Authors: Laureti Silvio , Cappelli Alberta , Isopi Claudio , Gentilini Lorenzo , Villani Riccardo , Sorbi Gioia , Rizzello Fernando , Menon Alessandra , Dussias Nikolas Konstantine , Gionchetti Paolo , Poggioli Gilberto 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Nowadays, there is a clear need for new viable therapeutic options to face complex perianal Crohn’s disease (PCD). Results of our previous pilot study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of local injection of autologous microfragmented adipose tissue (MFat) in this setting. This study aims to evaluate the long-term follow-up results in the same cohort of patients.

Methods
Data on clinical and radiological remission and surgical recurrence rates were prospectively collected on the 15 patients with complex fistulizing PCD refractory to combined bio-surgical therapy, originally treated with local MFat injection, with a mean 6.7 years follow-up.

Results
In our previous study, at 24-week follow-up, combined remission was reported in 66.7% of patients, while clinical remission was achieved in 93% of cases. At a 6.7-year follow-up, 9 of the 10 healed patients maintained remission. The patient with recurrence was successfully reoperated. Three out of 5 patients who failed primary combined remission were retreated, with 2 obtaining combined remission and 1 failing. One patient refused any subsequent treatment due to good quality of life. The last patient presented delayed healing at a 1-year follow-up. Overall success rate after rescue therapy at the final follow-up reached 86.6%. Safety was maintained throughout all follow-up periods.

Conclusions
This is the longest follow-up published trial on MFat injection for PCD. Our results show that patients who achieved closure in the first 24 weeks sustained response at long-term evaluation. In addition, there may be a rationale in repeating treatment as rescue therapy in not responding to patients.
Cost-related medication nonadherence in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: De Tran Van , Nguyen Minh Cuong , Nguyen Thi Hai Yen , Tran Thi Thu , Dewey Rebecca Susan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Cost-related nonadherence (CRN) to prescription medication has been shown to affect healthcare outcomes. While CRN has been reported in many countries globally, it has not been fully characterized in Vietnam.

Objectives
This study was conducted to determine CRN rates and factors associated with CRN among pharmacy customers in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.

Methods
A cross-sectional research design used printed self-administered questionnaires in Vietnamese distributed to customers of private pharmacies and pharmacy chains in the Mekong Delta from January to March 2024.

Results
Of the 1546 respondents, 49.9% reported experiencing CRN, with the most commonly reported action being delaying filling a prescription (38.2%). Compared to participants aged ≥65 years, those aged 18–44 years were 2.5 times more likely to report CRN, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.51 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.55–4.06). Poorer self-reported health status was a strong predictor of CRN (aOR = 3.72; 95% CI: 2.32–5.95) compared to better self-reported health status. Having more prescriptions was a strong predictor of CRN (aOR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.70–2.98) compared to having fewer prescriptions. The presence of chronic conditions was associated with being 2.5 times more likely to report CRN (aOR = 2.46; 95% CI: 1.71–3.55) compared to those without chronic conditions.

Conclusions
Nearly half of the participants experienced CRN. The findings of this study showed that implementing public health initiatives, such as routine care, in-person and telephone counseling, and educational programs by pharmacists, is necessary to reduce CRN among the population of the Mekong Delta. More studies are needed to help inform policymakers on how to reduce CRN and improve access to medications.
Non-tempered Ext Branching Laws for the p-adic General Linear Group
Authors: Qadri Mohammed Saad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Let $F$ be a non-Archimedean local field. Let $\pi _{1}$ and $\pi _{2}$ be irreducible Arthur-type representations of $\operatorname{GL}_{n}(F)$ and $\operatorname{GL}_{n-1}(F),$ respectively. We study Ext branching laws when $\pi _{1}$ and $\pi _{2}$ are products of discrete series representations and their Aubert–Zelevinsky duals. We obtain an Ext analogue of the local non-tempered Gan–Gross–Prasad conjecture in this case.
On the Burde–de Rham Theorem for Finitely Presented Pro-p Groups
Authors: Mizusawa Yasushi , Tange Ryoto , Terashima Yuji 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We consider the Burde–de Rham theorem for finitely presented pro-$p$ groups under the assumption that the total degrees of all relators are $0$. We also give some concrete examples including higher-dimensional cases under Iwasawa theoretic conditions, and consider some cohomological interpretations.
Replicating the Resource Curse: A Qualitative Replication of Ross 2004
Authors: Becker Megan , Markowitz Jonathan , Orsborn Sarah , Nazha Isabelle , Dasaraju Srividya , Lauder Lindsay 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
What are the causal pathways through which natural resources are linked to civil conflict? Ross evaluates ten causal pathways across thirteen conflicts to offer the most comprehensive answer to date. However, nearly 20 years later, all thirteen conflicts have ended, and more sources are available, motivating the question: Would the findings hold if replicated today? We employ a new explicit standards approach to replicate Ross’ thirteen cases twice: First, using his original seventy-eight sources and second, employing a more up-to-date set of conflict end-dates and over 500 sources. Most findings (75 percent) hold, while 25 percent do not. We find stronger evidence for Ross’ claim that looting resources is linked to longer conflicts and that resources motivate government repression. However, we also overturn some of his key claims, by demonstrating that resources do, in fact, affect conflict onset by funding rebel start-up costs and generating grievances amongst the population.
Development of a novel patient-reported outcome measure for disseminated coccidioidomycosis (valley fever)
Authors: Harvey Emma , Clegg Jennifer , Bresnik Mark , Blatt Elliott , Hughes Sophie , Umanzor-Figueroa Cindy , Purdie Rob , Thompson George R , Symonds Tara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever) is a dimorphic fungal infection endemic to the southwest United States, Mexico, Central and South America, which can lead to chronic debilitating illness and death.

Objectives
This qualitative study was conducted to develop a bespoke patient-reported outcome measure for patients with chronic disseminated coccidioidomycosis to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) impacts.

Patients and methods
Online, first-person narratives of patient experiences of disseminated coccidioidomycosis were used to create a patient-centred conceptual model of symptoms and impacts of the condition. Interviews were conducted with expert clinicians, followed by concept elicitation interviews with patients, to generate key symptom and impact concepts from which an initial patient-reported outcome measure was developed. The draft measure was reviewed with clinicians for clinical relevance and further assessed in cognitive debriefing interviews with patients to refine the measure and establish content validity.

Results
A total of 25 patients were interviewed, which identified impacts relating to physical function, activities of daily living, cognitive function, social/role function and emotional function of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Twenty items were developed simultaneously in English and Spanish to capture the main impacts across these 5 areas. In general, items were clear and well understood by patients, and clinicians found the measure clinically relevant and appropriate for assessing the burden of disseminated coccidioidomycosis on HRQoL.

Conclusions
Once fully validated, the Valley Fever—Patient Reported Outcome measure may be used in interventional studies to assess HRQoL outcomes, and in clinical practice to monitor patients’ HRQoL.
The effect of feeding order of forage and oats on metabolic and digestive responses related to gastric emptying in horses
Authors: Jensen Rasmus Bovbjerg , Walslag Ingrid Hornnes , Marcussen Caroline , Thorringer Nana Wentzel , Junghans Peter , Nyquist Nicole Frost 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Feeding order of forage and concentrate might affect gastric emptying and subsequently digestion in horses. The objective of this study was to measure gastric emptying in combination with metabolic and digestive responses in the plasma and cecum, respectively, when changing the feeding order of oats (O) and hay (H) (oats first, then hay: O–H vs. hay first, then oats: H–O). Four cecum cannulated horses were used in a 2 × 2 crossover design, with two 12-d periods consisting of 10 d of diet adaptation and 2 d of data collection. Hay was fed at 0600, 1400, and 2000 hours, while oats were fed in the morning either 15 min before or 1 h after feeding hay. On days of data collection, baseline samples were collected before feeding 1.4 kg dry matter (DM) hay and 474 g DM oats (0.4 g starch/kg body weight), and data were collected until 8 h after feeding. Gastric emptying of oats was estimated using the 13C acetic acid breath test, where breath samples were analyzed for a 12C:13C ratio after administration of 13C acetic acid mixed with oats. Gastric emptying coefficient (GEC), time where half of the total cumulative recovery of 13C was excreted (t1/2), and time where the maximal amount of 13C was excreted (Tmax) were calculated. Samples of blood and cecal fluid were collected at hourly intervals. Blood plasma was analyzed for glucose and insulin, and baseline concentrations, peak concentrations, time of peaks, and area under the curves were calculated. A pH probe was placed in the cecum measuring pH every minute to find minimum pH and time to reach minimum pH. Hourly cecal samples were analyzed for pH and short-chained fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. Results from the 13C acetic acid breath test indicated that feeding order affected gastric emptying, as Tmax was longer (P = 0.004) when feeding H–O (2.18 h) than O–H (1.09 h), but there was no effect on the GEC and T1/2. No effect of feeding order was found for plasma glucose and insulin measures. Feeding order had no effect on minimum pH, but the time to reach minimum pH increased (P = 0.014) from 170 min for O–H to 280 min for H–O, and average pH was lower in the intervals 0–170 min (P = 0.006) and 170–280 min (P = 0.006) for O–H than H–O. In general, the time of sampling had a larger effect on SCFA concentrations than feeding order. In conclusion, this study indicates that feeding order affected gastric emptying, and the digestive and metabolic responses were more clearly reflected in cecum pH than in plasma glucose and insulin.
Effect of second iron injection on growth performance, hematological parameters, and fecal microbiome of piglets fed different dietary iron levels
Authors: Johnson Alaina J , Li Wenli , Dittrich Barbara I , Cole Aleah C , Prodell Marie K , Lyons J Wesley , Fritz Scott A , Fregulia Priscila , Chen Chi , Kwon Chan Ho , Jang Young Dal 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of a second iron injection for suckling pigs fed diets with different dietary iron levels in the nursery period on growth performance, hematological parameters, serum and liver trace mineral content, fecal score, microbiome, and metabolites. A total of 70 newborn pigs from 7 litters were assigned to either 1 or 2 iron injections within the litter and received the first i.m. iron injection (200 mg) at 2 to 3 d of age. Pigs assigned to the second injection treatment received an additional iron injection 5 d after the first injection. At weaning (days 27 to 30 of age), pigs within iron injection treatments were divided into 2 nursery diet treatments for a 27-d growth period. Treatments were 1) no additional iron injection + nursery diets with 100 ppm iron (NC), 2) second i.m. iron injection (200 mg) + NC diets, 3) no additional iron injection + nursery diets with 200 ppm iron (PC), and 4) second i.m. iron injection (200 mg) + PC diets. The second iron injection increased liver iron content at weaning (P = 0.08, tendency), and serum iron, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels until day 13 postweaning (P &lt; 0.05). In the nursery period, pigs receiving the second iron injection had a greater final body weight (P = 0.08, tendency), overall growth rate (P = 0.08, tendency) and feed intake (P &lt; 0.05), and lower fecal score (P &lt; 0.05) indicating firmer feces compared to those receiving 1 iron injection. There was no major effect of dietary iron level or interaction with the iron injection treatment in any measurements except that the pigs fed the PC diets had greater hemoglobin and hematocrit levels (P &lt; 0.05) at day 27 postweaning and a lower fecal score (P = 0.08, tendency) in the late nursery period than those fed the NC diets. The second iron injection reduced fecal bacterial alpha-diversity based on Faith’s phylogenetic diversity at weaning (P &lt; 0.05), while the second iron injection and dietary iron levels resulted in dissimilarity in the fecal bacterial community based on Unweighted Unifrac analysis (P &lt; 0.05; at weaning by iron injection and day 27 postweaning by dietary iron level). In conclusion, the second iron injection for suckling pigs improved postweaning growth performance and hemoglobin levels and affected the fecal microbiome, whereas an additional 100 ppm of dietary iron supplementation increased hemoglobin levels and altered the fecal microbiome in the late nursery period but did not affect postweaning growth.
In vitro investigation of monoglycerides and zinc glycinate: anti-inflammatory and epithelial barrier function
Authors: Park Sangwoo , Kovanda Lauren , Sokale Adebayo O , Barri Adriana , Liu Yanhong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the in vitro immune-modulatory effects of monoglycerides and zinc glycinate with porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) and their impact on epithelial barrier integrity using the intestinal porcine enterocyte cell line (IPEC-J2). Cell viability was assessed using a Vybrant MTT assay to determine the appropriate dose range of monoglyceride blend (C4, C8, and C10) and zinc glycinate. In experiment 1, IPEC-J2 cells (5 × 105 cells/mL) were seeded and treated with each compound (monoglycerides: 0, 25, 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 µg/mL; zinc glycinate: 0, 2, 5, 12.5, 25, and 50 µg/mL). Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured by Ohm’s law method at 0 h (before treatment) and at 24, 48, and 72 h posttreatment. In experiment 2, PAM were collected from 6 clinically healthy piglets (7 wk of age) and seeded at 106 cells/mL. After incubation, the cells were treated with each compound and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The experimental design was a 2 × 6 factorial arrangement with 2 doses of LPS (0 or 1 μg/mL) and 6 doses of each compound (monoglycerides: 0, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 µg/mL; zinc glycinate: 0, 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 µg/mL). Cell supernatants were collected to analyze the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using PROC MIXED of SAS with a randomized complete block design. IPEC-J2 cells treated with 250 or 1,000 μg/mL of monoglycerides, or 5 μg/mL of zinc glycinate had increased (P &lt; 0.05) TEER values at 48 or 72 h posttreatment, compared with control. The LPS challenge increased (P &lt; 0.05) the production of TNF-α and IL-1β from PAM. In the non-challenge group, 50 or 100 μg/mL of monoglycerides stimulated (P &lt; 0.05) TNF-α and IL-1β production from PAMs. Treatment with 25 or 100 μg/mL of zinc glycinate also enhanced (P &lt; 0.05) TNF-α production from PAM. In LPS-treated PAM, 1,000 μg/mL of monoglycerides increased (P &lt; 0.05) IL-1β production, while zinc glycinate suppressed (P &lt; 0.0001) the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β at the doses of 100, 250, and 500 μg/mL. In conclusion, the results of this in vitro study indicate that monoglycerides positively affect the barrier function of the epithelium, while zinc glycinate may have strong immune regulatory benefits. Future animal studies will be required to verify their impacts on animal gut health, systemic immunity, and growth performance.
Romosozumab improves microarchitecture as assessed by tissue thickness–adjusted trabecular bone score in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
Authors: McClung Michael R , Betah Donald , Leder Benjamin Z , Kendler David L , Oates Mary , Timoshanko Jen , Wang Zhenxun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) is only one of several bone strength determinants affected by osteoporosis therapies. Trabecular Bone Score (TBS), a gray-level texture index determined from lumbar spine (LS) dual-X-ray absorptiometry scans, is an indirect measure of bone microarchitecture independent of and complementary to BMD and clinical risk factors. In the Active-Controlled Fracture Study in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis at High Risk (ARCH), monthly subcutaneous romosozumab 210 mg for 12 mo followed by 24-mo open-label weekly oral alendronate 70 mg (romosozumab-to-alendronate) significantly reduced fracture risk compared to 36-mo alendronate alone in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and prior fracture. This analysis evaluated tissue thickness–adjusted TBS (TBSTT) in a subgroup of patients from ARCH who had post-hoc TBS measurements at baseline and at least one post-baseline visit at months 12, 24, and 36. Baseline characteristics were similar between romosozumab-to-alendronate (n = 190) and alendronate alone (n = 188). Romosozumab led to significantly greater gains in TBSTT vs alendronate at month 12 (least squares mean difference, 3.6%), with greater gains maintained after transition to alendronate and persisting at months 24 (2.9%) and 36 (2.3%; all p&lt;.001). Romosozumab-to-alendronate increased the percentage of individual patients with “normal” TBSTT from 28.9% at baseline to 48.1%, 43.9%, and 45.4% at months 12, 24, and 36, respectively, and decreased the percentage of individual patients with degraded TBSTT from 52.6% to 33.3%, 36.0%, and 33.5%, respectively (all p&lt;.001). A similar but smaller trend was observed with alendronate alone from baseline through month 36 (p ≤.012). Changes in TBSTT and LS BMD were largely unrelated from baseline to month 12 (romosozumab-to-alendronate, r2 = 0.065; alendronate alone, r2 = 0.021) and month 36 (r2 = 0.058; r2 = 0.057, respectively). In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and prior fracture, 12-mo romosozumab followed by 24-mo alendronate significantly improved bone microarchitecture estimated by TBSTT more than 36-mo alendronate alone.
King Francis I’s dracunculus: further solutions to the mystery of an infamous museum piece
Authors: Senter Philip J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Taxidermy, first practised in the sixteenth century, was often used to preserve animal remains in museums of the European Renaissance, and was soon deployed to create dragon hoaxes. Many such specimens were displayed in museums and were cited by naturalists as evidence that dragons were real animals. The dracunculus of King Francis I of France (r. 1515–47) was an internationally famous case. The specimen is now lost, but a previous investigation of contemporary drawings and a written description showed that the specimen had the skull of a weasel and the tail skeleton of an eel. This continuation of the investigation reveals that the limbs, skin and ribcage were those of an ocellated lizard (Timon lepidus), with the skin shifted over the lizard’s skeleton into an unnatural position. This study elucidates the materials and methods that were used to produce an astonishing category of biological fraud in which early museums unwittingly participated.
Real-world data of first-line treatment with pembrolizumab for NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression in elderly patients: a subgroup analysis of HOT/NJLCG2001
Authors: Tateishi Kazunari , Mizugaki Hidenori , Ikezawa Yasuyuki , Morita Ryo , Yokoo Keiki , Sumi Toshiyuki , Aso Mari , Kikuchi Hajime , Nakamura Atsushi , Sekikawa Motoki , Yoshiike Fumiaki , Kitamura Yasuo , Kimura Nozomu , Hachiya Tsutomu , Tsurumi Kyoji , Agatsuma Toshihiko , Megumi Furuta , Nakamura Keiichi , Jingu Daisuke , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Kosaka Makoto , Yokouchi Hiroshi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
In the first-line treatment of elderly patients with advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (tumor proportion score ≥ 50%), this study aimed to determine whether pembrolizumab monotherapy (MONO) or pembrolizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy (COMB) should be selected.

Methods
We performed a retrospective multicenter study (sub-analysis of the HOT/NJLCG2001 trial) of 299 patients with NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression who received MONO or COMB as the first-line treatment between December 2018 and January 2020. We selected patients aged 75 years and older and assessed the clinical efficacy and toxicity.

Results
In total, 81 (median age: 79 years) and 19 (median age: 76 years) patients received MONO and COMB, respectively. Twenty patients with a performance status (PS) score of 2–3 were enrolled in the MONO group. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.8 and 8.9 months in the MONO and COMB groups, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) was 14.6 and 20.3 months, and the 2-year survival rates were 38.8 and 49.9%, respectively. Furthermore, 29.6% and 26.3% of patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events, respectively. In MONO, patients with PS 0–1 had a longer PFS (10.5 months) and OS (21.7 months) than those with PS 2–3 (0.7 and 1.6 months, respectively).

Conclusion
Some elderly patients with NSCLC and high PD-L1 expression might benefit from COMB; however, MONO is considered the preferred treatment. MONO may not be an effective or feasible treatment for patients with PS 2–3, even with high PD-L1 expression.
The Influence of affective and cognitive appeals on persuasion outcomes: a cross-cultural meta-analysis
Authors: Ng Wei Jie Reiner , See Ya Hui Michelle , Cheung Mike W -L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
People are frequently exposed to different extents of affective and cognitive appeals, but it remains unclear whether appeals targeting emotions or beliefs are differentially effective across cultures. Hence, this meta-analysis investigates the relative influence of affective versus cognitive appeals for persuasion outcomes as a function of individualism-collectivism. Using 133 samples across 22 countries (N = 29,338), we found affective appeals to be relatively more effective than cognitive appeals in collectivistic societies, but both appeals were similarly effective in individualistic societies. These analyses demonstrate the fruitfulness of examining affective–cognitive appeals through a cultural lens, and suggest new directions for future research.