bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cortical development in fetuses with congenital heart defects using an automated brain‐age prediction algorithm
Authors: Everwijn Sheila M. P. , Namburete Ana I. L. , van Geloven Nan , Jansen Fenna A. R. , Papageorghiou Aris T. , Noble Alison J. , Teunissen Aalbertine K. K. , Rozendaal Lieke , Blom Nico A. , van Lith Jan M. M. , Haak Monique C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionCongenital heart defects are associated with neurodevelopmental delay. It is hypothesized that fetuses affected by congenital heart defect have altered cerebral oxygen perfusion and are therefore prone to delay in cortical maturation. The aim of this study was to determine the difference in fetal brain age between consecutive congenital heart defect cases and controls in the second and third trimester using ultrasound.Material and methodsSince 2014, we have included 90 isolated severe congenital heart defect cases in the Heart And Neurodevelopment (HAND)‐study. Every 4 weeks, detailed neurosonography was performed in these fetuses, including the recording of a 3D volume of the fetal brain, from 20 weeks onwards. In all, 75 healthy fetuses underwent the same protocol to serve as a control group. The volumes were analyzed by automated age prediction software which determines gestational age by the assessment of cortical maturation.ResultsIn total, 477 volumes were analyzed using the age prediction software (199 volumes of 90 congenital heart defect cases; 278 volumes of 75 controls). Of these, 16 (3.2%) volume recordings were excluded because of imaging quality. The age distribution was 19‐33 weeks. Mixed model analysis showed that the age predicted by brain maturation was 3 days delayed compared with the control group (P = .002).ConclusionsThis study shows that fetuses with isolated cases of congenital heart defects show some delay in cortical maturation as compared with healthy control cases. The clinical relevance of this small difference is debatable. This finding was consistent throughout pregnancy and did not progress during the third trimester.
Anti‐AGE activity of poplar‐type propolis: mechanism of action of main phenolic compounds
Authors: Boisard Séverine , Shahali Youcef , Aumond Marie‐Christine , Derbré Séverine , Blanchard Patricia , Dadar Maryam , Le Ray Anne‐Marie , Richomme Pascal 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis study aimed to compare the protective effect of two geographically distinct propolis against the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The polyphenol content of propolis extracts (EEPs) was analysed using HPLC‐DAD‐MS profiling and evaluated for their protective effects against pentosidine‐like AGEs. Dicarbonyl trapping capacities of major EEP compounds were determined using a methylglyoxal scavenging in vitro assay. Both propolis samples were characterised with high levels of pinobanksin derivatives exhibiting strong anti‐AGE properties. EEPs reduced AGE formation more effectively than well‐known natural AGE inhibitors such as quercetin or chlorogenic acid. Individual evaluations of the five major compounds in EEPs showed that flavonoids strongly inhibit the formation of AGEs by trapping dicarbonyl intermediates, whereas compounds such as caffeic acid derivatives only act as antioxidant agents. Propolis is thus a promising candidate for the prevention and control of AGE‐related chronic diseases.
Technology and characterisation of whole hemp seed beverages prepared from ultrasonicated and fermented whole seed paste
Authors: Bartkiene Elena , Zokaityte Egle , Lele Vita , Sakiene Vytaute , Zavistanaviciute Paulina , Klupsaite Dovile , Bendoraitiene Joana , Navikaite‐Snipaitiene Vesta , Ruzauskas Modestas 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe aim of this study was to apply fermentation with Pediococcus acidilactici LUHS29, P. pentosaceus LUHS183, Lactobacillus casei LUHS210 and L. uvarum LUHS245 strains, as well as ultrasonication (US) for whole hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed paste (HSP) treatment and preparation of emulsions (HSE). Additionally, the biogenic amine (BA) content and antimicrobial properties of the prepared products were evaluated. It was found that US and fermentation reduced total bacteria count in HSP. The highest BA content was found in US‐treated HSP (639.87 mg kg−1). HSEUS, HSELUHS29, HSELUHS183, HSELUHS210 and HSELUHS245 samples showed lower ζ‐potential. The highest overall acceptability (OA) was established for HSELUHS245, and correlations were established between the emotions induced by the different HSE products and OA. Pure LAB showed a broad variety of pathogen inhibition; however, the antimicrobial activity of HSP was very low, and HSE did not show any antimicrobial properties. Finally, treatment with selected LAB can be recommended for preparation of stable emulsions, and the most acceptable beverages can be obtained by using LUHS245 strain.
Labour Market and Human Capital Behaviour of Immigrant Couples: Evidence from Australia
Authors: Derby Sarah‐Jane , Islam Asad , Smyth Russell 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe examine the labour market and human capital investment behaviour of immigrant couples in Australia. The family investment hypothesis (FIH) states that immigrant husbands, whom the FIH assumes to be the primary earners in the family, will invest more in their human capital than immigrant wives, whom the FIH assumes to be secondary earners. Using longitudinal data from Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) for the period 2001 to 2014, we do not find support for the FIH. Instead, we find that foreign‐born husbands and wives share similar labour market assimilation patterns with respect to hours of work and wages. Our estimates suggest that immigrant wives' labour market behaviour can be better explained by their own long‐term career progression and labour market assimilation, than through supporting their husbands' labour market assimilation.
Texture‐modified 3D printed dark chocolate: Sensory evaluation and consumer perception study
Authors: Mantihal Sylvester , Prakash Sangeeta , Bhandari Bhesh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the preferences and perceptions of texture‐modified three‐dimensional (3D) printed chocolate through three measures: two tasting tests and one survey. In the first test, 30 semitrained panelists ranked their overall preference from among the three samples of chocolate printed in a honeycomb pattern with infill percentages (IPs) of 25, 50, and 100%. The panelists ranked the samples based on appearance and hardness. In the second test, the same panelists nominated one preference between a 3D printed sample (100% IP) and a cast commercial chocolate sample. Friedman test indicated that there was no significant difference in overall preferences for hardness although the panelists significantly preferred the appearance of samples with 25 and 50% over the 100% infill. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in preference between the cast and 100% infill samples. The texture data of the chocolate samples showed that a higher force was required to break the chocolate samples as the IP increased from 25% (20.4 ± 1.1 N) to 100% (54.4 ± 1.5 N). Also, the 3D printed chocolate (printed in 100% IP) was found to be less hard than that of casted chocolate. In the survey of consumer perceptions, a total of 244 participated and assessed the samples for their intricate design and novel technology concept through a questionnaire. While there was a general awareness of 3D printing technology among these participants, many were impressed with the application of 3D printing to chocolate, as this was the first time they had seen this. The results obtained from the sensory tests and consumer survey provided a useful insight into consumers' perception of 3D food printing and the 3D products design. This awareness will be beneficial to promote this technology in the food industry.
Origin of lunar fragmental matrix breccias—Highly siderophile element constraints
Authors: Gleißner Philipp , Becker Harry 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEjecta at North Ray crater (Apollo 16) sampled a unique section of the lunar highlands not accessible at most other landing sites and provide important constraints on the composition of late accreted materials. New data on multiple aliquots of four fragmental matrix breccias and a fragment‐laden melt breccia from this site display a variety of highly siderophile element patterns which may represent the signatures of volatile element‐depleted carbonaceous chondrite‐like material, primitive achondrite, differentiated metal, and an impactor component that cannot be related to known meteoritic material. The latter component is prevalent in these rocks besides characterized by depletions in Re and Os compared to Ir, Ru and Pt, chondritic Re/Os, and a gradual depletion of Pd and Au. The observed characteristics are more consistent with fractionations by nebular processes, like incomplete condensation or evaporation, than with lunar crustal processes, like partial melting or volatilization. The impactor signature preserved in these breccias may stem from primitive meteorites with a refractory element composition moderately different from known chondrites. The presence of distinct impactor components within the North Ray crater breccias together with observed correlations of characteristic element ratios (e.g., Re/Os, Ru/Pt, Pd/Ir) in different impact lithologies of four Apollo landing sites constrains physical mixing processes ranging from the scale of gram‐sized samples to the area covered by the Apollo missions.
Osteoporotic Fracture Guidelines and Medical Education Related to the Clinical Practices: A Nationwide Survey in China
Authors: Lu Jin , Ren Zhong , Liu Xun , Xu You‐jia , Liu Qiang 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate the knowledge and practices of Chinese doctors in the management of osteoporotic fractures after the Chinese osteoporotic fracture guidelines update and aseries of medical education in 2017.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey of doctors in 71 cities across Mainland China. Based on the 2017 Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic fractures, a questionnaire was designed and pre‐tested for reliability and validity. Doctors were surveyed with the questionnaire after scientific meetings during February 2017 to January 2018 through WeChat or conference digital platforms or in paper form. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the responses to the questionnaire.ResultsOverall, 314 valid questionnaires were confirmed. Regarding diagnosis, 77% agreed that osteoporosis could be diagnosed once an osteoporotic fracture occurred; 83% believed that the bone mineral density criteria for osteoporosis diagnosis would be T ≤ −2.5 SD. For treatment, almost all (99.7%) agreed with anti‐osteoporosis treatment being one of the basic principles of osteoporotic fracture treatment; 71.6% considered bisphosphonates as the most commonly used anti‐osteoporosis drug; 97% believed that patients who have used anti‐osteoporosis drugs should reassess osteoporosis after osteoporotic fractures instead of discontinue; 95% thought that the patients who did not use anti‐osteoporosis medications before osteoporotic fracture should be treated with anti‐osteoporosis drugs after fracture treatment as early as possible; 89% agreed that the standard use of bisphosphonates after osteoporotic fracture would not affect bone healing adversely; 59% believed the course of bisphosphonates treatment for osteoporosis would be 3–5 years, and 27% considered it to be 1–3 years. The patient follow‐up rate was poor: 46% selected follow‐up rate <30%; only 20% selected follow‐up rate >50%. Only 31% of the hospitals had long‐term management programs for osteoporotic fractures.ConclusionsDoctors generally adhered to the updated Chinese guidelines for osteoporotic fractures; frequent participation in medical education can help doctors to increase their awareness of osteoporosis as well as their acceptance and practice of the guidelines.
Use of osseointegrated implants in the intermaxillary suture in a patient with microstomia: Case report with a 2‐year follow‐up
Authors: Poluha Rodrigo Lorenzi , Eidt João Matheus Scherbaum , Danieletto‐Zanna Carolina Ferrairo , Ferreira Gustavo Zanna , Takizawa Osmar Kenji , Farah Gustavo Jacobucci 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo report the rehabilitation of a female patient, 40 years old, with a microstomia.Case ReportThe Z‐plasty surgery was performed in the region of the labial commissure to increase the mouth opening. In the mandible, two implants were installed in the interforaminal region and an overdenture with bar/clip attachment system was made. The maxilla was atrophic, with the presence of two bone sites in the intermaxillary suture region: the first one anterior to the incisive foramen and the second one in the middle of the hard palate. Two implants were placed without a graft in those sites. The conventional maxillary denture was converted into an overdenture with ball attachments system.ConclusionBased on the presented case, with a 2‐year follow‐up, it can be concluded the validity of the use of the techniques of surgeries to increase the mouth opening, implants in intermaxillary suture and overdentures as rehabilitation therapy for patients with microstomia.
Teaching in contexts: Designing a competency‐based religious studies program
Authors: Gray‐Hildenbrand Jenna , King Rebekka 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOver the last decade, the discipline of religious studies has promoted religious literacy as both an invaluable contribution to curriculum and an indispensable social good. While much has been written on the importance of the study of religion for the development of religious literacy, little attention has been given to the identification of the disciplinary skills and content knowledge (or what we refer to as religious studies competencies) a student develops through extended study of religion. In this essay, we present an example of how to integrate a religious studies competency‐based model into program design and implementation. We argue that the transition to a competency‐based religious studies program has two potential benefits. First, competency program design provides an opportunity to redesign and update religious studies programs in a more responsible manner that aligns with our students, institution, discipline, and profession. Second, competency program design facilitates the conditions where we can better avoid duplicating the much criticized world religions paradigm.
Molecular phylogeny and timing of evolution ofAnthomyzaand related genera (Diptera: Anthomyzidae)
Authors: Roháček Jindřich , Petráková Lenka , Tóthová Andrea 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPhylogenetic hypotheses of the relationships of Diptera: Anthomyzidae (61 taxa) are discussed with special reference to the generaFungomyzaRoháček, 1999,AnthomyzaFallén, 1810,EpischnomyiaRoháček, 2006 andArganthomyzaRoháček, 2009 based on the analysis of 7 combined mitochondrial + nuclear gene markers in comparison with results of the most recent cladistic analysis of morphological characters. The majority of revealed inter‐ and intrageneric relationships of these genera in both analyses were largely congruent except for the topology ofFungomyzaandArganthomyzabeing equivocal because of different topologies in phylograms generated by alternative molecular methods andEpischnomyiaforming a branch withinAnthomyzain the molecular data hypothesis. The formerly unsettledAnthomyza drachmaproved to be the sister species of theA. umbrosagroup while the affinity ofA. flavosternato theA. bellatrixgroup has not been confirmed. The first phylogenetic hypothesis of Anthomyzinae to include timing of the nodes of divergence is presented. The origin of the subfamily is dated into the Eocene, ca 37.5 (30.6–45.3) MYA, and agrees with the age of the oldest known fossils from Baltic amber. The analysed members of theAnthomyzagroup of genera were found to have already evolved in the upper Oligocene. The divergences of the Palaearctic and Nearctic sister species inArganthomyzaandAnthomyzawere found to occur at several different times during the Neogene (upper Miocene) to lower Quaternary (Pleistocene), from about 7 to 0.7 MYA. These were likely the result of fragmentation of widespread (Holarctic or Sino‐Japanese–Nearctic) ranges of ancestral taxa by vicariance events that were, in turn, caused by multiple interruptions of Beringia Land Bridges or cooling of climate and seem to be consistent with the times of multiple disjunctions of the flora.
Direct and indirect costs of families with a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in an academic hospital in China: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Ren Yijiong , Li Xin 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo estimate the direct and indirect costs in families with a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in China.DesignA single-site, cross-sectional survey of primary caregiver of a child with ALL was performed.Setting and participantsWe analysed the total costs incurred on the completion of the first three-phase treatment (induction, consolidation and intensification), which requires intensive hospitalisation. Eligible patients were (1) diagnosed with ALL between 2010 and 2012 at Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), (2) aged 0–14 years at diagnosis and (3) completed the first three-phase treatment at SCMC. The data were collected between October 2014 and December 2014.Outcome measuresWe decomposed the total costs into three categories: (1) direct medical costs, which were further divided into outpatient and inpatient costs; (2) direct non-medical costs, which referred to expenses incurred in relation to the illness; and (3) indirect costs due to productivity loss.ResultsA total of 161 patients were included in the study. Direct medical costs accounted for about 51.7% of the overall costs, and the rest of 48.3% of the total costs were attributed to direct non-medical costs and indirect costs. Regarding families with different household registration type (rural vs urban), the total costs were significantly different between the two groups (US$36 125 vs US$25 593; p=0.021). Specifically, urban families incurred significantly larger indirect costs than rural families (US$12 343 vs US$4157; p=0.018). Although the direct non-medical costs were not significantly different, urban families spent more money on hygiene cleaning products and auxiliary treatment equipment (p=0.041) and gifts and treats (p=0.034) than rural families.ConclusionsThe financial burden faced by the Chinese families with a child with ALL was tremendous, and the distributions of costs among the three categories were different between urban and rural families.
High Daytime and Nighttime Temperatures Exert Large and Opposing Impacts on Winter Wheat Yield in China
Authors: Chen Xiaoguang , Tian Guoping , Qin Zhilong , Bi Xiang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We analyze a provincial-scale dataset of winter wheat yield, together with finescale daily weather outcomes from 1979 to 2011, to assess the responses of winter wheat yield in China to temperature fluctuations. Contrary to the majority of the previous literature, we find that winter wheat yield in China responded positively to higher nighttime temperature Tmin, with the positive Tmin effects most significant in the northern China winter wheat region. Consistent with the previous studies, winter wheat yield in China exhibited negative responses to higher daytime temperature Tmax. As a result of these opposing temperature effects on yield, the net economic impact of weather variations on China’s winter wheat sector is uncertain and is sensitive to specifications and data. Average winter wheat yield is projected to decline by 5.3%–7.0% by 2050 under the global climate model HadGEM2-ES and by 2.0%–3.4% under the NorESM1-M model.
Ultra-violet Radiation in Man
Authors: Dally J. F. Halls 
Published: July 2019

THE nature and effects of ultra-violet radiation constitute a study of increasing practical importance, so that, in the interests of patients, whether human or lower animal, subjected to this form of radiant energy, it behoves us to proceed with caution, and to analyse with the greatest care the principles upon which this method of treatment rests. Let us at once frankly admit that such principles are still based on slender supports. What little we do know is mainly due on the part of applied science to the well-known observations of Professor Leonard Hill and of his co-workers in this country, as well as to Professor Carl Sonne and his well-known predecessors, Finsen, Reyn, Ernst and others of the Danish school. On the clinical side, Sir Henry Gauvain, Dr. Howard Humphris, Dr. Kerr Russell, Dr. Percy Hall, and others in this country, have published the results of their practical experience, while abroad useful references are to be found in American, French and German literature.
Neurospirochætosis in the East African
Authors: Gordon H. L. 
Published: July 2019

(1) An inquiry was made at the Mathari Mental Hospital, Nairobi, into the validity in Kenya of the common belief that syphilitic infection of the nervous system is rare amongst Africans in their own environment. (2) The difficulties encountered by the inquiry are discussed, especially: ( a) That arising from the presence of both yaws and syphilis in the colony; ( b) that due to apparent unreliability of the Wassermann reaction under local conditions. (3) The incidence of a positive serum reaction in the general population was estimated. (4) The whole of the male adults in the hospital were selected for the inquiry. (5) The results are presented in tables showing: ( a) Mental state and neurological and other signs; ( b) serum reactions; ( c) cerebrospinal fluid examination results, including those from the Lange colloidal gold reaction. (6) The post-mortem reports on four of the series who died during the inquiry are given. (7) The inquiry appears to allow the general conclusion that spirochœtal infection of the nervous system of the Kenya native is not uncommon. (8) Insufficient evidence is forthcoming for a decision as to whether the infection found was syphilitic, frambœsial, or from an unknown source. (9) The question has much more than medical importance in view of the possibility that unchecked spirochætal infection in the past may have been an environmental influence contributing to the present degree of cerebral deficiency found in the native by Dr. F. W. Vint and the writer, and reported elsewhere. (To the Eugenics Society on November 7, 1933, by the writer, and in the next issue of the Journal of Anatomy, by Dr. Vint.)
A New Electrocardiograph Employing the Cathode Ray Oscillograph as the Recording Device
Authors: Robertson Douglas 
Published: July 2019

The advantages of the cathode ray tube as an electrical recording instrument are unique. It has no inherent inertia, so that there is no distortion from this source as there is in every known electro-mechanical recorder. The workings of the cathode ray oscillograph are explained and discussed. Immediate visual observation of the electrocardiogram is obtained by the use of a new fluorescent screen, which is described, and the mechanism of a suitable “time base” circuit for this purpose is explained. Some of the problems associated with the design of an amplifier, distortionless as far as electrocardiography is concerned, are dealt with, including the use of long “time constants” and the employment of a suitable filter circuit. The design of a suitable camera unit (for photographic recording) is discussed. A method of neutralizing interference picked up from alternating current electric light mains is explained and illustrated. The apparatus consists of four easily portable, and mechanically robust, units. The Recorder Unit, the Amplifier Unit, the H.T. (high tension) Supply Unit, and the Camera Unit.