bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating Tumor DNA as a Clinical Test in Resected Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Groot Vincent P. , Mosier Stacy , Javed Ammar A. , Teinor Jonathan A. , Gemenetzis Georgios , Ding Ding , Haley Lisa M. , Yu Jun , Burkhart Richard A. , Hasanain Alina , Debeljak Marija , Kamiyama Hirohiko , Narang Amol , Laheru Daniel A. , Zheng Lei , Lin Ming-Tseh , Gocke Christopher D. , Fishman Elliot K. , Hruban Ralph H. , Goggins Michael G. , Molenaar I. Quintus , Cameron John L. , Weiss Matthew J. , Velculescu Victor E. , He Jin , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Eshleman James R. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
In research settings, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) shows promise as a tumor-specific biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study aims to perform analytical and clinical validation of a KRAS ctDNA assay in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) and College of American Pathology–certified clinical laboratory.

Experimental Design:
Digital-droplet PCR was used to detect the major PDAC-associated somatic KRAS mutations (G12D, G12V, G12R, and Q61H) in liquid biopsies. For clinical validation, 290 preoperative and longitudinal postoperative plasma samples were collected from 59 patients with PDAC. The utility of ctDNA status to predict PDAC recurrence during follow-up was assessed.

Results:
ctDNA was detected preoperatively in 29 (49%) patients and was an independent predictor of decreased recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Patients who had neoadjuvant chemotherapy were less likely to have preoperative ctDNA than were chemo-naïve patients (21% vs. 69%; P &lt; 0.001). ctDNA levels dropped significantly after tumor resection. Persistence of ctDNA in the immediate postoperative period was associated with a high rate of recurrence and poor median RFS (5 months). ctDNA detected during follow-up predicted clinical recurrence [sensitivity 90% (95% confidence interval (CI), 74%–98%), specificity 88% (95% CI, 62%–98%)] with a median lead time of 84 days (interquartile range, 25–146). Detection of ctDNA during postpancreatectomy follow-up was associated with a median OS of 17 months, while median OS was not yet reached at 30 months for patients without ctDNA (P = 0.011).

Conclusions:
Measurement of KRAS ctDNA in a CLIA laboratory setting can be used to predict recurrence and survival in patients with PDAC.
hsCRP Level and the Risk of Death or Recurrent Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Myocardial Infarction: a Healthcare‐Based Study
Authors: Carrero Juan Jesus , Andersson Franko Mikael , Obergfell Achim , Gabrielsen Anders , Jernberg Tomas 
Published: May 2019

Background

Beyond the controlled setting of trials, scarce information exists on the burden, predictors, and outcomes associated with elevated hs
CRP
(high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein) in “real‐world” patients with myocardial infarction (
MI
).

Methods and Results

We included all‐coming
MI
survivors undergoing hs
CRP
testing >30 days after an
MI
during routine health care in Stockholm, Sweden (2006–2011). hs
CRP
tests measured during hospitalization/emergency department visits, followed by antibiotics or indicative of acute illness, were excluded, together with patients with ongoing/recent cancer, chronic infections, or immunosuppression. Inflammation was defined over a 3‐month baseline window and associated with subsequent death and major adverse cardiovascular events (composite of MI, ischemic stroke, or cardiovascular death). Included were 17 464 patients (63% men; mean age, 72.6 years) with a median hs
CRP
level of 2.2 (interquartile range, 1.0–6.0) mg/L and a median of 2.2 (interquartile range, 0.8–4.9) years since their
MI
. Most (66%) had hs
CRP
≥2 mg/L, and 40% had hs
CRP
>3 mg/L. Lower hemoglobin, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and comorbidities (eg, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, and rheumatoid diseases) were associated with higher odds of hs
CRP
≥2 mg/L. Conversely, previous percutaneous coronary intervention, ongoing renin‐angiotensin blockade, and statins were associated with lower hs
CRP
≥2 mg/L odds. Patients with hs
CRP
≥2 mg/L were at higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (n=3900; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.28; 95%
CI,
1.18–1.38) and death (n=4138; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.31–1.53). Results were robust across subgroups of patients and after exclusion of events occurring during the first 6 to 12 months. On a continuous scale, the association between hs
CRP
and outcomes was linear until hs
CRP
>5 mg/L, plateauing thereafter.

Conclusions

Most patients with
MI
exhibit elevated hs
CRP
levels. Besides identifying populations at high‐inflammatory risk, this study extends the prognostic validity of this biomarker from trial evidence to real‐world healthcare settings.
Platelet-Rich Emboli in Cerebral Large Vessel Occlusion Are Associated With a Large Artery Atherosclerosis Source
Authors: Fitzgerald Seán , Dai Daying , Wang Shunli , Douglas Andrew , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Layton Kennith F. , Thacker Ike C. , Gounis Matthew J. , Chueh Ju-Yu , Puri Ajit S. , Almekhlafi Mohammed , Demchuk Andrew M. , Hanel Ricardo A. , Sauvageau Eric , Aghaebrahim Amin , Yoo Albert J. , Kvamme Peter , M. Pereira Vitor , Kayan Yasha , Delgado Almandoz Josser E. , Nogueira Raul G. , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Kallmes David F. , Doyle Karen M. , Brinjikji Waleed 
Published: May 2019

Background and Purpose—
Nearly 30% of large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke clots are from an unknown source. We assessed histological clot composition in a series of patients with large vessel occlusion and investigated correlations between clot composition and stroke pathogenesis.

Methods—
As part of the multi-institutional STRIP registry (Stroke Thromboembolism Registry of Imaging and Pathology), consecutive emboli retrieved during mechanical thrombectomy were stained using Martius Scarlett Blue and analyzed using machine learning software. We assessed proportions of red blood cells, fibrin, platelets, and white blood cells. Correlations between clot components and stroke pathogenesis (large artery atherosclerosis, cardioembolism, and stroke of undetermined pathogenesis) were assessed using SPSS22.

Results—

One hundred five patients were included. The proportion of platelet-rich clots (55.0% versus 21.2%;
P
=0.005) and percentage of platelet content (22.1±4.2% versus 13.9±14.2%;
P
=0.03) was significantly higher in the large artery atherosclerosis group compared with the cardioembolic group. The proportion of platelet-rich clots (50.0% versus 21.2%;
P
=0.024) was also significantly higher in the cryptogenic group compared with cardioembolic cases. Large artery atherosclerosis and cryptogenic cases had a similar proportion of platelet-rich clots (55.0% versus 50.0%;
P
=0.636). There was no significant difference between stroke pathogenesis and the other major clot components.

Conclusions—
High platelet content of emboli is associated with a large artery atherosclerosis etiology of large vessel occlusion.
Anthropology and Historiography: A Deconstructive Analysis of K. C. Chang’s Shamanic Approach in Chinese Archaeology
Authors: Qu Feng 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The hypothesis of ancient Chinese shamanism popularized by K. C. Chang in the 1980s has long been one of the central problems in the study of Chinese archaeology. By examining the structures that constitute Chang’s shamanic framework, this article argues that the problem centers around two major issues. The first is that Chang follows a tradition in Chinese academic historiography of using late historical texts to interpret Neolithic and Bronze Age materials. The second is that, in order to explore the dynamics of the formation of Chinese civilization, he employs Western theories in his construction of the history of shamanism. This article discusses the problems associated with using textual materials for interpretations of archaeological finds. It also discusses “substratum theory,” the way in which it influenced Chang’s understanding of shamanic civilization, and the manner in which Western anthropological theory was incorporated into Chang’s historiographical model. Accordingly, the author concludes that this shamanism problem in Chinese archaeology actually stems from a mixture of the Chinese historiographical tradition and Western anthropological theories, which together make Chang’s writing develop a meta-narrative that leads directly to two characteristics: generalization and polymorphism.
Translating Rāma as a Proto-Muḥammadan Prophet: Masīḥ’s Mas̱navī-i Rām va Sītā
Authors: Keshavmurthy Prashant 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHow have religious communities imagined the scriptures of other communities? In answering this question, this article aims to nuance our understanding of pre-colonial and self-consciously Islamic translations into Persian of Indic language texts understood to be Hindu by considering Masīḥ’s early 17th-century Mas̱navī-i Rām va Sītā, a Persian translation of Vālmīki’s Sanskrit epic, the Rāmāyaṇa (circa 2nd century bce). It opens by remarking on a shift in the study of the relations between poetics and politics in Persian translations of Indic texts. Then, attempting to refine our understanding of this relation, it takes issue with prior studies of this poem before answering the following questions these studies fail to pose: how does the prophetological metaphysics of the prefatory chapters relate to the poetics of emotion in the main body of the tale? And what does this relation let us infer of Masīḥ’s theological conception of translation?
What Game Are We Playing?: A New Look at the Identity and Beginning of the Study of Religion
Authors: Peedu Indrek 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article aims to analyze how scholars of religions have studied the history of the discipline itself, with particular emphasis on the question of its beginning. Although situating the beginning of the discipline in the late 19th century is prevalent, there are dissenting voices in this debate. Interestingly, a similar discussion exists in the history of science. There, Andrew Cunningham has argued in favor of understanding scientific practice as a human activity and thus writing histories of science as histories of an activity. The latter part of this article explains how implementing Cunningham’s approach can be useful for the study of the history of religious studies, making it possible to study the intellectual and institutional aspects as parts of one whole. I will draw attention to how this approach can help us analyze the question of the beginnings of the discipline.
Religious Resources and Terrorism
Authors: Gregg Heather S. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article draws upon resource mobilization theory (rmt) to propose five ways in which religious resources can contribute to groups that use violence to challenge the social or political status quo: by shaping the group’s ideology; through religious authority; as a code of conduct that binds members of the group together; by providing social and material resources; and as a form of identity. In these cases, religion is one of several key factors that motivates groups that use violence, including terrorism. Considering different ways in which religion can contribute to terrorism, as opposed to an all-or-nothing debate, allows for a more nuanced discussion of religion’s roles in perpetrating violence and possible paths to mitigating its influence.
Prosperous Buddhism, Prosperity Buddhism, and Religious Capital
Authors: Borup Jørn 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In the West, Buddhism as a “world rejecting” religion based on ascetic renunciation and non-economic spirituality is often invoked as a default narrative, and in many Buddhist cultures, immateriality is indeed promoted as a symbolic ideal of authenticity. Economy and materiality, however, are inherently part of Buddhism. This is notably the case in Japan, where monasteries, temples, and associations throughout history have been wealthy organizations. Contemporary temple Buddhism, however, faces economic threats from secularization, non-Buddhist ritual business, and new religious movements (nrms). This article analyzes the economy in and of contemporary Japanese Buddhism and systems of value transactions. The concept of “prosperity Buddhism” and religious capital is explored by comparing temple Buddhism with two new religious movements: Soka Gakkai and Happy Science. It is argued that the transaction models of these two groups are different from those of temple Buddhism by being differently adjusted to the market through teachings, practices, and organizational structures legitimating more openly this worldliness and materiality. It is also argued that especially Soka Gakkai has transformed its value-exchange model by converting ideals of economic transactions into other kinds of non-material forms of capital. Finally, it is suggested that a capital perspective on (Japanese) Buddhism reveals both structural differences within kinds of Buddhism, and that “Prosperity Buddhism” can be a useful analytical concept with which to illustrate one such type.
A Battle Against Pain? Aristotle, Theophrastus and the Physiologoi in Aspasius, On Nicomachean Ethics 156.14-20
Authors: Cheng Wei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Aspasius, In en 156.14-22, commenting on en 7.14, 1154b7-9, reports that Theophrastus joins Aristotle’s battle against the so-called physiologoi in trying to disprove their belief in the ubiquity of pain. I argue that there are theoretical and exegetical difficulties in Aspasius’ comment which have not been noticed by scholars and cannot be fixed by textual emendation. In fact, In en 156.14-22 can be regarded neither as a reliable interpretation of Aristotle, nor as an authentic source for Theophrastus’ thought.
Does the Soul Weave? Reconsidering De Anima 1.4, 408a29-b18
Authors: Carter Jason W. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In De Anima 1.4, Aristotle asks whether the soul can be moved by its own affections. His conclusion—that to say the soul grows angry is like saying that it weaves and builds—has traditionally been read on the assumption that it is false to credit the soul with weaving and building; I argue that Aristotle’s analysis of psychological motions implies his belief that the soul does in fact weave and build.
Myth of the Informal Sector: A Study on the Sexual Harassment of Female Adolescents in Four Motor Garages in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Abdullahi Ali Arazeem , Khan Mariam Seedat , Ajimati Tomilola Ifeoluwa 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the vulnerability of the female adolescent to sexual harassment in motor garages in Ilorin, Nigeria. While informal organizations such as motor garages remain the stronghold of the economy in Ilorin, they also provide fertile-grounds for sexual harassment of female adolescents. This study explored the patterns, perceptions, and experiences of female adolescent hawkers who experienced sexual harassment in four selected motor garages in Ilorin, Nigeria. Data for this study was gathered using semi-structured, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The study found that sexual harassment of female adolescents in motor garages in Ilorin was pervasive, widespread, and alarming. All participants disclosed they had experienced some forms of sexual harassment in their day-to-day activities. However, perceptions about the severity of the sexual harassment vary from early, middle to late adolescents interviewed. Although, none of the participants disclosed being raped, some revealed that some of their friends had been victims of rape. This study recommends measures to minimize sexual harassment in informal organizations such as motor garages in Ilorin.
Reheating the Cold War: us, Russia, and the Revival of Rollback
Authors: Sussman Gerald 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A neoconservative coalition of oppositional forces, comprised of the Clinton wing of the Democratic Party and their allies in the Republican Party, the liberal mainstream media, and the deep state have promoted a new Cold War against Russia. This is intended as a mobilizing strategy to overturn the Trump presidency, weaken the Russian state, and reconstruct state legitimacy following years of decline in the quality of life and democracy in America. The coalition reconstructed the Cold War as an ideological tool in the interest of continuing to pursue domestic and global neoliberal policies and dealing with a fractious public disenchanted with government, its elected officials, the mainstream media, and a failing democracy.
Why the Left has Failed in the Fight against Neoliberalism
Authors: Epstein Barbara 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The us left failed to organize mass opposition to neo-liberalism, leaving the issue to the right. The Seattle 1999 demonstration protested neo-liberalism, but an ongoing mass movement on this issue requires the inclusion of working-class people, whites as well as people of color, and tactics facilitating their participation. The groups that organized the Seattle protest did little to include people of color and nothing to reach working-class whites. Its internal culture and orientation towards escalation of militancy discouraged the involvement of working-class people, whether of color or whites.
The Global Right in the World Revolutions of 1917 and 20xx
Authors: Chase-Dunn Chris , Dudley Jennifer S.K. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
An understanding of the contemporary constellation of right-wing national and transnational social movements needs to compare the recent movements and the global context with what happened in the first half of the twentieth century to figure out the similarities and differences, and to gain insights about what could be the consequences of the reemergence of populist nationalism and fascist movements. This article uses the comparative evolutionary world-systems perspective to study the global right from 1900 to the present. The point is to develop a better understanding of twenty-first century fascism, populist nationalism, and authoritarian practices and to help construct a praxis for the New Global Left.1
Classical Tawarruq: A Potential Alternative to Baiʿ al-ʿĪnah in the Malaysian Banking and Finance Industries
Authors: Yusoff Amir Fazlim , Ahmad Azlin Alisa , Nik Abdul Ghani Nik Abdul Rahim 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
International Islamic religious authorities have commented negatively on the application of baiʿ al-ʿīnah (same-item sale-repurchase) in the Malaysian banking industry. These authorities include the Islamic Fiqh Academy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and Accounting and the Auditing Organisation for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI). They conclude that the application represents a prohibited ruse to legitimise usury through a sale transaction. This article examines the possible use of classical tawarruq as an alternative to baiʿ al-ʿīnah in the Malaysian banking industry, especially for retail financing. Several modes of classical tawarruq are considered. This research supports the application of classical tawarruq as an effective, viable and marketable Islamic financing arrangement.
The “China Lobby” in Tokyo: The Struggle of China’s Mission in Japan for General Douglas MacArthur’s Military Assistance in the Chinese Civil War, 1946-1949
Authors: Lee Kan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Chinese Mission in Japan, which existed from 1946 until Japan regained its sovereignty as a result of the San Francisco Peace Treaty in 1952, represented the Republic of China in working with the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP) in reconstructing postwar Japan. The original objective of the Chinese Mission was to serve as the government’s agency to carry out the repatriation of Japanese troops and civilians from China in coordination with the Allies, secure war reparations from Japan, and try war criminals. However, as President Harry S. Truman terminated US aid to China in 1947 and Guomindang (GMD) military fortunes in the Chinese Civil War declined under the command of Chiang Kai-shek, the Chinese Mission was given an additional assignment: to lobby General Douglas MacArthur to secure military assistance from SCAP. This essay discusses the interaction between the Chinese Mission and General MacArthur during the Chinese Civil War from 1946 to 1949 and examines the way in which the Chinese Mission persuaded him to play a role in the Civil War. This study argues that although it was in opposition to Washington, MacArthur’s determination to assist Chiang Kai-shek was in great part due to the strenuous lobbying of the Chinese Mission in Tokyo. Although MacArthur’s intervention could not reverse the final outcome of the Chinese Civil War, his anti-Communist outlook was formed and played a significant role during the Korean War a year later.
The Arabic Source Text for Galland’s Dormeur éveillé
Authors: Marzolph Ulrich 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
For his adapted and enlarged French translation of the Arabic Alf laylah wa-laylah, Antoine Galland mainly exploited the incomplete fifteenth-century Arabic manuscript at his diposal and the tales narrated to him by the Syrian Maronite storyteller Ḥannā Diyāb. The Arabic source texts of the tales of Gānim b. Ayyūb at the beginning of vol. 8 and of The Sleeper Awakened at the beginning of vol. 9, until recently unknown to research, have now been identified by Ibrahim Akel. In extension of the present author’s previous publications on The Sleeper Awakened, this contribution presents the Middle Arabic text of the version used for Galland’s translation, introduced by a short discussion of the general context and of this version’s specifics.
Gender Equality in the Egyptian Constitution: From 1923 to 2014
Authors: Tolino Serena 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this article I analyse how the political changes that were triggered by the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 affected women’s rights on the constitutional level. Through a longue durée perspective, I look at women’s rights starting from the 1923 Constitution. I then focus particularly on the two post-revolutionary constitutions (2012 and 2014) and on what they meant for gender equality. Even though the different constitutional texts represent the main source of this article, constitutions are social contracts and, as such, cannot be analysed without taking into account the historical context in which they were drafted and enacted. For this reason, I will also offer some input on the woman question and Egyptian feminism during the same period.
Women in Law, Women in Literature: Gender Equality in Turkish Constitutional Experience
Authors: Maraucci Tina 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper tries to reconstruct the historical evolution of the Turkish-Ottoman debate on the subject of women’s rights and emancipation through a cross-analysis of the three Republican-era constitutions. The analysis will refer to the narrative productions of female writers, both Muslim and secular, as an auxiliary source for inquiring legal effects at the sociocultural level with regard to the redefinition of gender relations. I will thus attempt to illustrate, on the one hand, the positions that countered the emergence of feminist discourse and, on the other, the ways in which women’s claims took shape within the unique Turkish dialectic between secularism and Islam.