bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is podoplanin expression associated with transforming growth factor‐β signaling in odontogenic cysts and tumors?
Authors: Etemad‐Moghadam Shahroo , Alaeddini Mojgan 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundInduction of podoplanin by transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) has been shown in a number of lesions but not in odontogenic tumors (OTs). We evaluated the association between these markers in OTs for the first time and compared their expression among the different neoplasms.MethodsImmunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody against podoplanin and TGF‐β was performed on 76 odontogenic cysts and tumors. Spearman's correlation coefficient, Kruskal‐Wallis, and Mann‐Whitney U tests followed by adjustment with Bonferroni were used for statistical analysis (P < .05).ResultsA significant difference in podoplanin expression was found among the lesions consisting of solid ameloblastomas, adenomatoid odontogenic tumors, ameloblastic fibromas, odontogenic myxomas (OMs), odontogenic keratocysts, and calcifying odontogenic cysts. Significant differences were observed only between OMs and each of the other neoplasms. Podoplanin immunostaining in the connective tissue was absent in most lesions. TGF‐β was significantly different among the study sample but not between the lesions in paired comparisons. None of the studied OTs showed significant correlations between podoplanin‐TGF‐β, in either the epithelium or the stroma. These markers were also descriptively reported in calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors.ConclusionsThe inductive effect of TGF‐β on podoplanin seems to be limited, if any, in odontogenic lesions. Podoplanin appears to play a role in some aspects of OTs with epithelial or mixed origins. Despite the possible participation of podoplanin in tumorigenesis, it may not necessarily be involved in the aggressive behavior of OTs.
Individual self > relational self > collective self—But why? Processes driving the self‐hierarchy in self‐ and person perception
Authors: Nehrlich Andreas D. , Gebauer Jochen E. , Sedikides Constantine , Abele Andrea E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe self has three parts: individual, relational, and collective. Typically, people personally value their individual self most, their relational self less, and their collective self least. This self‐hierarchy is consequential, but underlying processes have remained unknown. Here, we propose two process accounts. The content account draws upon selves' agentic–communal content, explaining why the individual self is preferred most. The teleology account draws upon selves' instrumentality for becoming one's personal ideal, explaining why the collective self is preferred least.MethodIn Study 1 (N = 200, 45% female, Mage = 32.9 years, 79% Caucasian), participants listed characteristics of their three selves (individual, relational, collective) and evaluated those characteristics in seven preference tasks. Additionally, we analyzed the characteristics' agentic–communal content, and participants rated their characteristics' teleological instrumentality. Study 2 (N = 396, 55% female, Mage = 34.5 years, 76% Caucasian) used identical methodology and featured an additional condition, where participants evaluated the selves of a friend.ResultsStudy 1 reconfirmed the self‐hierarchy and supported both process accounts. Study 2 replicated and extended findings. As hypothesized, when people evaluate others' selves, a different self‐hierarchy emerges (relational > individual > collective).ConclusionsThis research pioneers process‐driven explanations for the self‐hierarchy, establishing why people prefer different self‐parts in themselves than in others.
Penetrating head injuries in children presenting to the emergency department in Australia and New Zealand: A PREDICT prospective study
Authors: Babl Franz E , Lyttle Mark D , Bressan Silvia , Borland Meredith L , Phillips Natalie , Kochar Amit , Dalton Sarah , Cheek John A , Gilhotra Yuri , Furyk Jeremy , Neutze Jocelyn , Donath Susan , Hearps Stephen , Arpone Marta , Crowe Louise , Dalziel Stuart R , Barker Ruth , Oakley Ed 
Published: March 2018

AimPenetrating head injuries (pHIs) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Data on pHIs in children outside North America are limited. We describe the mechanism of injuries, neuroimaging findings, neurosurgery and mortality for pHIs in Australia and New Zealand.MethodsThis was a planned secondary analysis of a prospective observational study of children <18 years who presented with a head injury of any severity at any of 10 predominantly paediatric Australian/New Zealand emergency departments (EDs) between 2011 and 2014. We reviewed all cases where clinicians had clinically suspected pHI as well as all cases of clinically important traumatic brain injuries (death, neurosurgery, intubation >24 h, admission >2 days and abnormal computed tomography).ResultsOf 20 137 evaluable patients with a head injury, 21 (0.1%) were identified to have sustained a pHI. All injuries were of non‐intentional nature, and there were no gunshot wounds. The mechanisms of injuries varied from falls, animal attack, motor vehicle crashes and impact with objects. Mean Glasgow Coma Scale on ED arrival was 10; 10 (48%) had a history of loss of consciousness, and 7 (33%) children were intubated pre‐hospital or in the ED. Fourteen (67%) children underwent neurosurgery, two (10%) craniofacial surgery, and five (24%) were treated conservatively; four (19%) patients died.ConclusionsPaediatric pHIs are very rare in EDs in Australia and New Zealand but are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The absence of firearm‐related injuries compared to North America is striking and may reflect Australian and New Zealand firearm regulations.
Zoosporangial root infection of tomato by Spongospora subterranea in hydroponic and glasshouse culture results in diminished plant growth
Authors: Balendres Mark A. , Tegg Robert S. , Amponsah Jonathan , Wilson Calum R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTomato plants are highly susceptible to root infection by Spongospora subterranea and are commonly used as bioassay hosts. The impacts of root infection with S. subterranea on plant productivity and yield have been debated. Recent experiments with potato, the major economic host of S. subterranea, have indicated significantly reduced plant growth and potato yield following heavy infection. However, there have been very few similar studies that have examined the possible impacts of S. subterranea infection on tomato plant growth. Three tomato cultivars, “Grape,” “Roma” and “Truss,” were challenged with S. subterranea inoculum in hydroponic culture. Moderate to severe zoosporangial infections were observed with minor but statistically significant differences in susceptibility among the three tomato cultivars. Zoosporangial root infection in the absence of root gall formation resulted in significantly diminished shoot lengths and plant fresh weights in pathogen challenge tests conducted both in hydroponic culture and glasshouse‐grown plants in potting mix. Root lengths were reduced, but the differences were statistically significant in a single trial only. The findings from this study demonstrate that, as with potato, root infection by S. subterranea can result in reduced tomato plant growth and that root gall production associated with root infection was not necessary for this retardation of growth response. This further suggests that possible yield impacts in other crop species that are hosts for S. subterranea root infection are worthy of examination.
Impact of previous hepatitis B infection on the clinical outcomes from chronic hepatitis C? A population‐level analysis
Authors: Wang H. , Swann R. , Thomas E. , Innes H. A. , Valerio H. , Hayes P. C. , Allen S. , Barclay S. T. , Wilks D. , Fox R. , Bhattacharyya D. , Kennedy N. , Morris J. , Fraser A. , Stanley A. J. , Gunson R. , Mclntyre P. G. , Hunt A. , Hutchinson S. J. , Mills P. R. , Dillon J. F. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryChronic coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with adverse liver outcomes. The clinical impact of previous HBV infection on liver disease in HCV infection is unknown. We aimed at determining any association of previous HBV infection with liver outcomes using antibodies to the hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAb) positivity as a marker of exposure. The Scottish Hepatitis C Clinical Database containing data for all patients attending HCV clinics in participating health boards was linked to the HBV diagnostic registry and mortality data from Information Services Division, Scotland. Survival analyses with competing risks were constructed for time from the first appointment to decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver‐related mortality. Records of 8513 chronic HCV patients were included in the analyses (87 HBcAb positive and HBV surface antigen [HBsAg] positive, 1577 HBcAb positive and HBsAg negative, and 6849 HBcAb negative). Multivariate cause‐specific proportional hazards models showed previous HBV infection (HBcAb positive and HBsAg negative) significantly increased the risks of decompensated cirrhosis (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01‐1.65) and HCC (HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.09‐2.49), but not liver‐related death (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.80‐1.30). This is the largest study to date showing an association between previous HBV infection and certain adverse liver outcomes in HCV infection. Our analyses add significantly to evidence which suggests that HBV infection adversely affects liver health despite apparent clearance. This has important implications for HBV vaccination policy and indications for prioritization of HCV therapy.
Phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses of hepatitis C virus subtype 1a in Okinawa, Japan
Authors: Hoshino K. , Sugiyama M. , Date T. , Maruwaka S. , Arakaki S. , Shibata D. , Maeshiro T. , Hokama A. , Sakugawa H. , Kanto T. , Fujita J. , Mizokami M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryOkinawa Island, located in Southern Japan, has a higher prevalence rate of hepatitis C virus subtype 1a (HCV‐1a) infection than that in mainland Japan. Okinawa has a history of US military occupation after World War II. To elucidate the transmission history of HCV‐1a in Okinawa, 26 whole‐genome sequences were obtained from 29 patients during 2011‐2016. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed to identify the origin and characteristics of HCV‐1a in Okinawa with epidemiological information. A phylogenetic tree based on whole‐genome sequencing revealed that all of the samples were located below the US branches. Additionally, we identified one cluster comprised of 17 strains (Okinawa, n = 16; United States, n = 1). The majority of the patients in this cluster were people who inject drugs (PWID), indicating the presence of a people who inject drugs (PWID) cluster. Subsequently, Bayesian analyses were employed to reveal viral population dynamics. Intriguingly, a phylodynamic analysis uncovered a substantial increase in effective population size of HCV‐1a from 1965 to 1980 and a slight increase in mid‐2000, which were associated with an increase in illicit drug use in Okinawa. The estimated divergence time of the PWID cluster was 1967.6 (1964.2‐1971.1). These findings suggest that HCV‐1a was introduced into Okinawa from the United States in the late 1960s, coincident with the Vietnam War. Subsequently, HCV‐1a might have spread among the Japanese population with the spread of injecting drug use. Our study provides an understanding of HCV transmission dynamics in Okinawa, as well as the key role of PWID in HCV transmission.
Are All (Neo‐)Victorians Murderers? Serials, Killers and Other Historicidal Maniacs
Authors: Llewellyn Mark 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhat role do the acts of murder and dis(re)membering play in contemporary culture's use of the Victorian? This article makes a deliberately provocative intervention in questioning the way in which the genre of neo‐Victorianism raises ethical issues about real lives, the reading and writing of “true crime” and the position of the critic/historian. Beginning with a factual 21st century murder case and the role of Victorian reading matter as a marker of suspicion, even a sign of guilt, in the public consciousness and press reporting of the case, the article moves on to explore the tensions in revisioning reality as quasi‐fiction in a case study of the work of Kate Summerscale, focussing on the slippage between the figures of the writer, the detective and the historian inThe Suspicions of Mr Whicher() andThe Wicked Boy(). In broadening the definition of “neo‐Victorianism” to include acts of genre‐blurring across the lines between creative non‐fiction and historical fiction, I argue that an approach to the past that destabilises genres and forms without sufficiently self‐reflective or critically engaged perspectives on authorial motives presents a troublingly unresolved ethical dilemma in these works. Invoking the dangers of criminal reading and reading criminally, the article considers what rights the dead have to be redeemed or protected from our contemporary historicidal enquiry, which in its attempt to resurrect the past often itself kills off narratives of redemption and reform.
Gene expression profiles of ion channels and receptors in mouse resistance arteries: Effects of cell type, vascular bed, and age
Authors: Boerman Erika M. , Sen Sidharth , Shaw Rebecca L. , Joshi Trupti , Segal Steven S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveReceptors and ion channels of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) are integral to the regulation of vessel diameter and tissue blood flow. Physiological roles of ion channels and receptors in skeletal muscle and mesenteric arteries have been identified; however, their gene expression profiles are undefined. We tested the hypothesis that expression profiles for ion channels and receptors governing vascular reactivity vary with cell type, vascular bed, and age.MethodsMesenteric and superior epigastric arteries were dissected from Old (24‐26 months) and Young (3‐6 months) C57BL/6J mice.ECs andSMCs were collected for analysis with customqRT‐PCRarrays to determine expression profiles of 80 ion channel and receptor genes. Bioinformatics analyses were applied to gain insight into functional interactions.ResultsWe identified 68 differences in gene expression with respect to cell type, vessel type, and age. Heat maps illustrate differential expression, and distance matrices predict patterns of coexpression. Gene networks based upon protein‐protein interaction datasets andKEGGpathways illustrate biological processes affected by specific differences in gene expression.ConclusionsDifferences in gene expression profiles are most pronounced between microvascularECs andSMCs with subtle variations between vascular beds and age groups.
High terbinafine resistance in Trichophyton interdigitale isolates in Delhi, India harbouring mutations in the squalene epoxidase gene
Authors: Singh Ashutosh , Masih Aradhana , Khurana Ananta , Singh Pradeep Kumar , Gupta Meenakshi , Hagen Ferry , Meis Jacques F. , Chowdhary Anuradha 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn the last few years, infections caused by dermatophytes along with a concomitant increase in the number of difficult to treat cases have increasingly been recognised, indicating that dermatophytosis remains a challenging public health problem. The majority of infections are caused by Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex. Terbinafine, an allylamine antifungal used orally and topically is considered to be a first‐line drug in the therapy of dermatophyte infections. Terbinafine resistance has been predominately attributed to point mutations in the squalene epoxidase (SQLE) target gene a key enzyme in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway leading to single amino acid substitutions. Here, we report the largest series of 20 terbinafine‐resistant Trichophyton interdigitale isolates obtained predominately from cases of tinea corporis/cruris in three hospitals in Delhi, India exhibiting elevated MICs (4 to ≥32 μg/mL) to terbinafine and all harbouring single‐point mutations Leu393Phe or Phe397Leu in the SQLE gene. In 12 (60%) T. interdigitale isolates, the Phe397Leu substitution was observed, whereas in the remaining 8 (40%) isolates the substitution Leu393Phe was reported for the first time in T. interdigitale. Furthermore, 10 susceptible T. interdigitale isolates (0.125‐2 μg/mL) had a wild‐type genotype. Remarkably, considerably high terbinafine resistance rate of 32% was observed among 63 T. interdigitale isolates identified by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region. This high level of terbinafine resistance of Indian dermatophyte isolates is worrisome warranting antifungal susceptibility testing and mutation analysis for monitoring this emerging resistance.
Prospective evaluation of a combination of fungal biomarkers for the diagnosis of invasive fungal disease in high‐risk haematology patients
Authors: Hammarström Helena , Stjärne Aspelund Anna , Christensson Bertil , Heußel Claus Peter , Isaksson Jenny , Kondori Nahid , Larsson Lennart , Markowicz Pawel , Richter Johan , Wennerås Christine , Friman Vanda 
Published: March 2018

SummaryWe prospectively evaluated a combination of fungal biomarkers in adult haematology patients with focus on their clinical utility at different time points during the course of infection. In total, 135 patients were monitored once to twice weekly for serum (1‐3)‐ß‐d‐glucan (BG), galactomannan (GM), bis‐methyl‐gliotoxin and urinary d‐arabinitol/l‐arabinitol ratio. In all, 13 cases with proven or probable invasive fungal disease (IFD) were identified. The sensitivity of BG and GM at the time of diagnosis (TOD) was low, but within 2 weeks from the TOD the sensitivity of BG was 92%. BG >800 pg/mL was highly specific for IFD. At a pre‐test probability of 12%, both BG and GM had negative predictive values (NPV) >0.9 but low positive predictive values (PPV). In a subgroup analysis of patients with clinically suspected IFD (pre‐test probability of 35%), the NPV was lower, but the PPV for BG was 0.86 at cut‐off 160 pg/mL. Among IFD patients, 91% had patterns of consecutively positive and increasing BG levels. Bis‐methyl‐gliotoxin was undetectable in 15 patients with proven, probable and possible IA. To conclude, BG was the superior fungal marker for IFD diagnosis. Quantification above the limit of detection and graphical evaluation of the pattern of dynamics are warranted in the interpretation of BG results.
Curriculum for neurogastroenterology and motility training: A report from the joint ANMS‐ESNM task force
Authors: Gyawali C. P. , Savarino E. , Lazarescu A. , Bor S. , Patel A. , Dickman R. , Pressman A. , Drewes A. M. , Rosen J. , Drug V. , Saps M. , Novais L. , Vazquez‐Roque M. , Pohl D. , van Tilburg M. A. L. , Smout A. , Yoon S. , Pandolfino J. , Farrugia G. , Barbara G. , Roman S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlthough neurogastroenterology and motility (NGM) disorders are some of the most frequent disorders encountered by practicing gastroenterologists, a structured competency‐based training curriculum developed by NGM experts is lacking. The American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society (ANMS) and the European Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM) jointly evaluated the components of NGM training in North America and Europe. Eleven training domains were identified within NGM, consisting of functional gastrointestinal disorders, visceral hypersensitivity and pain pathways, motor disorders within anatomic areas (esophagus, stomach, small bowel and colon, anorectum), mucosal disorders (gastro‐esophageal reflux disease, other mucosal disorders), consequences of systemic disease, consequences of therapy (surgery, endoscopic intervention, medications, other therapy), and transition of pediatric patients into adult practice. A 3‐tiered training curriculum covering these domains is proposed here and endorsed by all NGM societies. Tier 1 NGM knowledge and training is expected of all gastroenterology trainees and practicing gastroenterologists. Tier 2 knowledge and training is appropriate for trainees who anticipate NGM disorder management and NGM function test interpretation being an important part of their careers, which may require competency assessment and credentialing of test interpretation skills. Tier 3 knowledge and training is undertaken by trainees interested in a dedicated NGM career and may be restricted to specific domains within the broad NGM field. The joint ANMS and ESNM task force anticipates that the NGM curriculum will streamline NGM training in North America and Europe and will lead to better identification of centers of excellence where Tier 2 and Tier 3 training can be accomplished.
Amplification and adaptation of centromeric repeats in polyploid switchgrass species
Authors: Yang Xueming , Zhao Hainan , Zhang Tao , Zeng Zixian , Zhang Pingdong , Zhu Bo , Han Yonghua , Braz Guilherme T. , Casler Michael D. , Schmutz Jeremy , Jiang Jiming 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Centromeres in most higher eukaryotes are composed of long arrays of satellite repeats from a single satellite repeat family. Why centromeres are dominated by a single satellite repeat and how the satellite repeats originate and evolve are among the most intriguing and long‐standing questions in centromere biology.

We identified eight satellite repeats in the centromeres of tetraploid switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). Seven repeats showed characteristics associated with classical centromeric repeats with monomeric lengths ranging from 166 to 187 bp. Interestingly, these repeats share an 80‐bp DNA motif. We demonstrate that this 80‐bp motif may dictate translational and rotational phasing of the centromeric repeats with the cenH3 nucleosomes.

The sequence of the last centromeric repeat, Pv156, is identical to the 5S ribosomal RNA genes. We demonstrate that a 5S ribosomal RNA gene array was recruited to be the functional centromere for one of the switchgrass chromosomes.

Our findings reveal that certain types of satellite repeats, which are associated with unique sequence features and are composed of monomers in mono‐nucleosomal length, are favorable for centromeres. Centromeric repeats may undergo dynamic amplification and adaptation before the centromeres in the same species become dominated by the best adapted satellite repeat.
Arabidopsis thaliana SOBER1 (SUPPRESSOR OF AVRBST‐ELICITED RESISTANCE 1) suppresses plant immunity triggered by multiple bacterial acetyltransferase effectors
Authors: Choi Sera , Jayaraman Jay , Sohn Kee Hoon 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Plants evolved disease resistance (R) proteins that recognize corresponding pathogen effectors and activate effector‐triggered immunity (ETI). However, it is largely unknown why, in some cases, a suppressor of ETI exists in plants.

Arabidopsis SOBER1 (Suppressor of AvrBsT‐elicited Resistance 1) was identified previously as a suppressor of Xanthomonas acetyltransferase effector AvrBsT‐triggered immunity. Nevertheless, the extent to which SOBER1 suppresses ETI is unclear.

Here, we identified SOBER1 as a suppressor of Pseudomonas acetyltransferase effector HopZ5‐triggered immunity in Arabidopsis using recombinant inbred lines. Further analysis showed that SOBER1 suppresses immunity triggered by multiple bacterial acetyltransferases.

Interestingly, SOBER1 interferes with the immunity signalling activated by some but not all tested acetyltransferase effectors, indicating that SOBER1 might target components that are shared between several ETI pathways.