bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond sports: Efficacy and safety of creatine supplementation in pathological or paraphysiological conditions of brain and muscle
Authors: Balestrino Maurizio , Adriano Enrico 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCreatine is pivotal in energy metabolism of muscle and brain cells, both in physiological and in pathological conditions. Additionally, creatine facilitates the differentiation of muscle and neuronal cells. Evidence of effectiveness of creatine supplementation in improving several clinical conditions is now substantial, and we review it in this paper. In hereditary diseases where its synthesis is impaired, creatine has a disease‐modifying capacity, especially when started soon after birth. Strong evidence, including a Cochrane meta‐analysis, shows that it improves muscular strength and general well‐being in muscular dystrophies. Significant evidence exists also of its effectiveness in secondary prevention of statin myopathy and of treatment‐resistant depression in women. Vegetarians and vegans do not consume any dietary creatine and must synthesize all they need, spending most of their methylation capacity. Nevertheless, they have a lower muscular concentration of creatine. Creatine supplementation has proved effective in increasing muscular and neuropsychological performance in vegetarians or vegans and should, therefore, be recommended especially in those of them who are athletes, heavy‐duty laborers or who undergo intense mental effort. Convincing evidence also exists of creatine effectiveness in muscular atrophy and sarcopenia in the elderly, and in brain energy shortage (mental fatigue, sleep deprivation, environmental hypoxia as in mountain climbing, and advanced age). Furthermore, we review more randomized, placebo‐controlled trials showing that creatine supplementation is safe up to 20 g/d, with a possible caveat only in people with kidney disease. We trust that the evidence we review will be translated into clinical practice and will spur more research on these subjects.
Gonad Development and Reproductive Ability of Aneuploid Ornamental Koi Carp Obtained by Crossing Triploid Females with Diploid Males
Authors: Gomelsky Boris , Warner Jeffrey L , Delomas Thomas A , Novelo Noel D , Kramer Alexander G 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
It was described earlier that triploid female koi (ornamental variant of the Common Carp Cyprinus carpio) from heat-shocked progeny developed large ovaries and produced mass aneuploid progeny when crossed with normal diploid koi males. This study presents data on gonad development and reproductive ability of aneuploid koi obtained from triploid females. Aneuploid koi had low viability when raised in indoor recirculating systems; only 12–19% of fish survived up to 25–28 months of age. The 28-month-old aneuploid fish with a ploidy range of 2.31–2.78n obtained in 2013 (n = 30) did not release sperm or eggs after hormonal injection. Dissection of fish showed that similar to triploid males, aneuploid males had pinkish testes that did not contain sperm; the gonadosomatic index (GSI) of aneuploid males varied from 0.3% to 3.5%, with a mean value of 1.2%. More than 50% of aneuploid females had ovaries that were severely reduced in development, with GSI values less than 2%; about 40% of females had ovaries at the maturing stage, with GSIs ranging from 2.5% to 5.6%. One aneuploid female had mature ovaries filled with fully grown oocytes (GSI = 9.6%). The aneuploid fish obtained in 2015 (n = 165) did not produce sperm at 25 months of age; all fish from this group died during subsequent overwintering in an earthen pond. Our results show that aneuploid koi males are functionally sterile, whereas some potentially fertile aneuploid females can be found. However, because aneuploid koi have very low viability, the chance of survival for fertile aneuploid females is low, especially under natural conditions. Fertile aneuploid females, even if they survive, would likely produce aneuploid eggs, and fertilization of those eggs would again result in aneuploid progeny with low viability and fertility.
Weight‐adaptive isogeometric analysis for solving elastodynamic problems based on space‐time discretization approach
Authors: Izadpanah E. , Shojaee S. , Hamzehei‐Javaran S. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryIn this paper, a novel adaptive isogeometric analysis (IGA) is introduced and its application in the numerical solution of two‐dimensional elastodynamic problems based on the space‐time discretization (STD) approach is studied. In the STD approach, the time is considered as an additional dimension and is discretized the same as the spatial domain. The weights of control points play the main role in the proposed method. In the conventional IGA, the same set of weights is used in the modeling of geometric and solution spaces. The idea is to define two groups of weights: geometric and solution weights. Geometric weights are known and can be determined based on the position of control points, but the solution weights are considered to be unknown and can be determined using a proper strategy so that the accuracy of the solution is optimized. This strategy is based on the minimization of an error function. The results obtained from the proposed method are compared with those obtained from the conventional IGA.
Mediterranean versus Western Diet Effects on Caloric Intake, Obesity, Metabolism, and Hepatosteatosis in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Shively Carol A. , Appt Susan E. , Vitolins Mara Z. , Uberseder Beth , Michalson Kristofer T. , Silverstein‐Metzler Marnie G. , Register Thomas C. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the effects of humanlike Western and Mediterranean diets on caloric intake, obesity, metabolism, and hepatosteatosis in an established nonhuman primate model of obesity, cardiometabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis.MethodsA 38‐month, randomized, preclinical, nonhuman primate primary prevention trial of 38 socially housed, middle‐aged adult females was conducted. The monkeys were characterized during a 7‐month baseline phase while consuming chow and then randomized to either Western or Mediterranean diets; the groups were balanced on baseline characteristics. Western and Mediterranean diets were formulated to closely reflect human diets, matched on macronutrient content, with protein and fat derived largely from animal sources in the Western diet and plant sources in the Mediterranean diet. Food consumption, activity levels, energy expenditure, body composition, carbohydrate metabolism, and hepatosteatosis were measured during baseline and treatment phases.ResultsThe Western diet increased caloric intake for the first 6 months and body fat, activity, energy expenditure, insulin resistance, and hepatosteatosis after 2.5 years, whereas the Mediterranean diet reduced triglyceride levels.ConclusionsThis is the first report of differential caloric intake and obesity with long‐term consumption of a Western versus Mediterranean diet under controlled experimental conditions and the first experimental evidence that a Mediterranean diet protects against hepatosteatosis compared with a Western diet.
Effect of Obesogenic Medications on Weight‐Loss Outcomes in a Behavioral Weight‐Management Program
Authors: Desalermos Athanasios , Russell Baylee , Leggett Cecilia , Parnell Amelia , Ober Kathleen , Hagerich Kelley , Gerlan Cindy , Ganji Gelareh , Lee Euyhyun , Proudfoot James A. , Grunvald Eduardo , Gupta Samir , Ho Samuel B. , Zarrinpar Amir 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate a possible association between the use of obesogenic medications and inadequate weight loss in a behavioral weight‐management program.MethodsThis is a case‐control, single‐center study of 666 adult patients within a Veterans Health Administration health system who participated in the MOVE! behavioral weight‐loss program. The cohort was divided into responders (n = 150), patients who achieved ≥ 5% total weight loss by the end of the MOVE! program, and nonresponders (n = 516), those who achieved < 5% total weight loss. We reviewed each patient’s medical records for exposure to obesogenic medication during the time of treatment.ResultsApproximately 62% (n = 411) of patients entering MOVE! had a prescription for obesogenic medications. Obesogenic medication use was associated with worse weight‐loss outcomes, and participants were 37% less likely to achieve a clinically meaningful (≥ 5% total weight loss) outcome at the end of the MOVE! program (odds ratio, 0.633; 95% CI: 0.427‐0.937; adjusted P = 0.022). Patients who received three or more medications (n = 72) had the greatest difficulty achieving 5% weight loss compared with the control group (odds ratio, 0.265; 95% CI: 0.108‐0.646; adjusted P = 0.003).ConclusionsThe use of provider‐prescribed obesogenic medications was associated with worse weight‐loss outcomes in a behavioral weight‐loss program. Closer scrutiny of patient medications is necessary to help improve outcomes of weight‐loss treatments.
Comparative investigation of sensor application of polypyrrole for gaseous analytes
Authors: Sajid Hasnain , Mahmood Tariq , Mahmood Mian H.R. , Ayub Khurshid 
Published: April 2019

AbstractConducting organic polymers (COPs) are excellent candidates for sensor application. Polypyrrole is much superior in this regard than other COPs. A few studies indicate the potential of polypyrrole for some specific analytes; however, global picture of sensitivity and selectivity of polypyrrole sensor for various common analytes remains unclear. Here, we present first comprehensive study of polypyrrole sensors for various analytes: NH3, CO2, CO, N2H4, HCN, H2O2, H2S, CH4, CH3OH, SO2, SO3, and H2O. Geometric, thermodynamic, and electronic properties are calculated for infinite polymer to realize the sensor application of polypyrrole. The strongest interaction energy is observed for nPy‐N2H4 followed by nPy‐SO2/SO3 complexes. However, the interaction energy, charge transfer, FMO analysis, density‐of‐states, and electronic transitions envision the highest response toward SO2 and SO3. Surprisingly, the electronic properties of N2H4 complexes show quite opposite behavior than interaction energy. The uneven behavior of electronic properties for hydrazine is due to the interaction from two different sites which decreases the charge transfer. The excellent geometric and electronic properties related to the oxides of sulfur reveal that polypyrrole is highly selective toward SO2 and SO3.
Characterizing proteins in their cellular environment: Examples of recent advances in quantitative fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Royer Catherine A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractQuantitative characterization of protein interactions, both intramolecular and intermolecular, is crucial in understanding the mechanisms and regulation of their function. In recent years, it has become possible to obtain such information on protein systems in live cells, from bacteria to mammalian cell lines. This review discusses recent advances in measuring protein folding, absolute concentration, oligomerization, diffusion, transport, and organization at super‐resolution.
Comparison of preoperative locoregional Ga‐68 PSMA‐11 PET‐CT and mp‐MRI results with postoperative histopathology of prostate cancer
Authors: Yilmaz Burcak , Turkay Rustu , Colakoglu Yunus , Baytekin Halil F. , Ergul Nurhan , Sahin Selcuk , Tugcu Volkan , Inci Ercan , Tasci Ali I. , Cermik Tevfik F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundConventional imaging modalities are inadequate to evaluate locoregional extension of prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of the current retrospective study was to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of Gallium‐68 prostate‐specific membrane antigen‐11 (Ga‐68 PSMA‐11) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp‐MRI) for staging preoperative PCa patients with correlating histopathology.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four patients with histologically proven PCa underwent both Ga‐68 PSMA‐11 PET/CT and mp‐MRI before robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. For each tumor area, correlations with histopathological results were defined for tumor localization, extraprostatic extension (EPE) of the tumor, invasion of seminal vesicle (SVI) and bladder neck invasion (BNI). In patients with regional lymph node (LN) dissection, histopathological results were also correlated with imaging modalities.ResultsSensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for detection of EPE and SVI were higher for mp‐MRI than Ga‐68 PSMA‐11 PET/CT. On the other hand Ga‐68 PSMA‐11 PET/CT had significant successful results for detection of LN metastases when compared with mp‐MRI. But for BNI detection both modalities had same insufficient results. Ga‐68 PSMA‐11 PET/CT had strong results for appropriate tumor localization in the gland.ConclusionGa‐68 PSMA PET/CT has superior results for assessing local LN metastases and for intraprostatic tumor localization. Whereas, mp‐MRI must be the preferred modality for determining SVI and EPE. But both imaging modalities failed for determining BNI accurately. Both modalities should be used in conjunction with each other for better treatment planning.
Ultraflexible Transparent Bio‐Based Polymer Conductive Films Based on Ag Nanowires
Authors: Xu Wei , Zhong Lu , Xu Feng , Song Weijie , Wang Jinggang , Zhu Jin , Chou ShuLei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe unstable mechanical properties of flexible transparent conductive films (TCFs) make it difficult for them to meet the requirements for displays or wearable devices. Here, the relationship between the mechanism behind the bending behavior and the electrical properties, which is important for improving the mechanical stability of flexible TCFs, is explored. Flexible TCFs are reported based on silver nanowires (AgNWs) and bio‐based poly(ethylene‐co‐1,4‐cyclohexanedimethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate)s (PECFs), with a low sheet resistance (23.8 Ω sq−1 at 84.6% transmittance) and superior mechanical properties. The electrical properties of the AgNW/PECFs composite film show almost no change after bending for 2000 times.
Using tool integration for improving traceability management testing processes: An automotive industrial experience
Authors: Amalfitano Domenico , De Simone Vincenzo , Maietta Raffaele Rodolfo , Scala Stefano , Fasolino Anna Rita 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDespite the high relevance of traceability in software processes, the activities of traceability creation and management are not always adequately supported in practice. The lack of integration between the tools adopted in the development processes is one of the main causes of such an ineffective management, where traceability relationships are still manually generated and maintained. In this paper we present an industrial experience we performed for improving the traceability management in a testing process performed in the Fiat Chrysler Automobiles company. In this context, we carried out a process for analyzing and identifying the main issues due to the ineffective traceability management and proposed a solution for addressing them. We designed and implemented a software architecture for integrating the existing application lifecycle management platform with the tools used in the process with the aim of automating the process execution and the traceability links management. The new architecture was validated by a case study that showed how the integration solution produced beneficial effects on quality attributes of the testing process.
Multifunctional Organic Emitters for High‐Performance and Low‐Cost Organic Light‐Emitting Didoes
Authors: Chen Minyu , Zhao Yi , Tang Zhenyu , Zhang Bin , Wei Bin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have great potential applications in display and solid‐state lighting. Stability, cost and high operational efficiency are key issues governing the future commercial application of OLEDs. In this context, searching for multifunctional emitting materials with acceptable light‐emitting and charge‐transporting characteristics has gained increasing attention. For achieving high‐performance and low‐cost OLEDs, the suitable molecular design featured with different electronic and optical nature should be incorporated by combining the advantages of both functional units into the same molecules. This review highlights recent and current advances in developing bifunctional or multifunctional molecules, with the focus on structures, properties, and applications in OLEDs and organic laser.
Differential insular cortex sub-regional atrophy in neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fathy Yasmine Y. , Hoogers Susanne E. , Berendse Henk W. , van der Werf Ysbrand D. , Visser Pieter J. , de Jong Frank J. , van de Berg Wilma D.J. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The insular cortex is proposed to function as a central brain hub characterized by wide-spread connections and diverse functional roles. As a result, its centrality in the brain confers high metabolic demands predisposing it to dysfunction in disease. However, the functional profile and vulnerability to degeneration varies across the insular sub-regions. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize and quantitatively analyze the relationship between insular cortex sub-regional atrophy, studied by voxel based morphometry, with cognitive and neuropsychiatric deficits in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We systematically searched through Pubmed and Embase and identified 519 studies that fit our criteria. A total of 41 studies (n = 2261 subjects) fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The peak insular coordinates were pooled and analyzed using Anatomic Likelihood Estimation. Our results showed greater left anterior insular cortex atrophy in FTD whereas the right anterior dorsal insular cortex showed larger clusters of atrophy in AD and PD/DLB. Yet contrast analyses did not reveal significant differences between disease groups. Functional analysis showed that left anterior insular cortex atrophy is associated with speech, emotion, and affective-cognitive deficits, and right dorsal atrophy with perception and cognitive deficits. In conclusion, insular sub-regional atrophy, particularly the anterior dorsal region, may contribute to cognitive and neuropsychiatric deficits in neurodegeneration. Our results support anterior insular cortex vulnerability and convey the differential involvement of the insular sub-regions in functional deficits in neurodegenerative diseases.
Agricultural Risk Factors Influence Microbial Ecology in Honghu Lake
Authors: Han Maozhen , Dsouza Melissa , Zhou Chunyu , Li Hongjun , Zhang Junqian , Chen Chaoyun , Yao Qi , Zhong Chaofang , Zhou Hao , Gilbert Jack A , Wang Zhi , Ning Kang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Agricultural activities, including stock-farming, planting industry, and fish aquaculture, can affect the physicochemical and biological characters of freshwater lakes. However, the effects of pollution producing by agricultural activities on microbial ecosystem of lakes remain unclear. Hence, in this work, we selected Honghu Lake as a typical lake that is influenced by agriculture activities. We collected water and sediment samples from 18 sites, which span a wide range of areas from impacted and less-impacted areas. We performed a geospatial analysis on the composition of microbial communities associated with physicochemical properties and antibiotic pollution of samples. The co-occurrence networks of water and sediment were also built and analyzed. Our results showed that the microbial communities of impacted and less-impacted samples of water were largely driven by the concentrations of TN, TP, NO3−-N, and NO2−-N, while those of sediment were affected by the concentrations of Sed-OM and Sed-TN. Antibiotics have also played important roles in shaping these microbial communities: the concentrations of oxytetracycline and tetracycline clearly reflected the variance in taxonomic diversity and predicted functional diversity between impacted and less-impacted sites in water and sediment samples, respectively. Furthermore, for samples from both water and sediment, large differences of network topology structures between impacted and less-impacted were also observed. Our results provide compelling evidence that the microbial community can be used as a sentinel of eutrophication and antibiotics pollution risk associated with agricultural activity; and that proper monitoring of this environment is vital to maintain a sustainable environment in Honghu Lake.
How Microbes Shape Their Communities? A Microbial Community Model Based on Functional Genes
Authors: Jiang Xiaoqing , Li Xin , Yang Longshu , Liu Chunhong , Wang Qi , Chi Weilai , Zhu Huaiqiu 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Exploring the mechanisms of maintaining microbial community structure is important to understand biofilm development or microbiota dysbiosis. In this paper, we propose a functional gene-based composition prediction (FCP) model to predict the population structure composition within a microbial community. The model predicts the community composition well in both a low-complexity community as acid mine drainage (AMD) microbiota, and a complex community as human gut microbiota. Furthermore, we define community structure shaping (CSS) genes as functional genes crucial for shaping the microbial community. We have identified CSS genes in AMD and human gut microbiota samples with FCP model and find that CSS genes change with the conditions. Compared to essential genes for microbes, CSS genes are significantly enriched in the genes involved in mobile genetic elements, cell motility, and defense mechanisms, indicating that the functions of CSS genes are focused on communication and strategies in response to the environment factors. We further find that it is the minority, rather than the majority, which contributes to maintaining community structure. Compared to health control samples, we find that some functional genes associated with metabolism of amino acids, nucleotides, and lipopolysaccharide are more likely to be CSS genes in the disease group. CSS genes may help us to understand critical cellular processes and be useful in seeking addable gene circuitries to maintain artificial self-sustainable communities. Our study suggests that functional genes are important to the assembly of microbial communities.