bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The changing distribution of Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 and its Mediterranean sandfly vectors in the last 140 kys
Authors: Trájer Attila J. , Sebestyén Viktor 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe understanding of the effects of past climatic changes on the distribution of vector arthropods can strongly support the understanding of the future potential impact of anthropogenic climatic change on the geographical risk of vector-borne diseases. The zoogeographical patterns of the European sandfly vectors may suffer the continuously changing climate of the last 140 kys. The former range ofL. infantumand sixPhlebotomusspecies were modelled for the Last Interglacial, the Last Glacial Maximum and the Mid-Holocene Periods. It was found that the potential distribution of the parasite was much smaller in the Last Glacial PeriodL. infantummainly could persist in the western shelves of the Mediterranean Sea. West and East Mediterranean sandfly species inhabited partly distinct refugia. The Apennine Peninsula, Sicily and the Iberian refugium formed a habitat chain along with the coastal areas of the West Mediterranean Basin. There was no direct connection between the Eastern and the Western sandfly refugia in the last 140 kys. The modelled distribution of sandfly taxa for the Middle Holocene Period can explain the relict populations of sandfly taxa in such Central European countries. The former genetic studies strongly confirm the existence of the modelled glacial refugees.
Activation of cardiac AMPK-FGF21 feed-forward loop in acute myocardial infarction: Role of adrenergic overdrive and lipolysis byproducts
Authors: Sunaga Hiroaki , Koitabashi Norimichi , Iso Tatsuya , Matsui Hiroki , Obokata Masaru , Kawakami Ryo , Murakami Masami , Yokoyama Tomoyuki , Kurabayashi Masahiko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic hormone having anti-oxidative and anti-hypertrophic effects. However, the regulation of FGF21 expression during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unclear. We tested blood samples from 50 patients with AMI and 43 patients with stable angina pectoris (sAP) for FGF21, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), a protein secreted from adipocytes in response to adrenergic lipolytic signal, and total and individual fatty acids. Compared with sAP patients, AMI patients had higher serum FGF21 levels on admission, which were significantly correlated with peak FABP4 and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) but not with peak levels of cardiac troponin T. In mice, myocardial ischemia rapidly induced FGF21 production by the heart, which accompanied activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent pathway. Like AICAR, an activator of AMPK, catecholamines (norepinephrine and isoproterenol) and SFAs (palmitate and stearate) significantly increased FGF21 production and release by cardiac myocytes via AMPK activation. Recombinant FGF21 induced its own expression as well as members of down-stream targets of AMPK involved in metabolic homeostasis and mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiac myocytes. These findings suggest that adrenergic overdrive and resultant adipose tissue lipolysis induce cardiac AMPK-FGF21 feed-forward loop that potentially provides cardioprotection against ischemic damage.
Thermal physiology of the lactating nipple influences the removal of human milk
Authors: Gardner Hazel , Lai Ching Tat , Ward Leigh C. , Geddes Donna T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe nipple has a critical role in successful breastfeeding. Nipple trauma or pain may negatively impact breastfeeding duration which has significant public health implications. The aim of this study was to examine changes in nipple temperature during breastfeeding and pumping within participants. Thirty lactating women participated in two pumping (electric breast pump) and one breastfeeding session. Nipple temperature of both breasts was monitored for two minutes before and after each session with the non-pumped/non-suckled nipple temperature recorded throughout each session. The mean increase in nipple temperature after milk removal by the infant was 1.0 ± 1.6 °C (range −3.2–3.2) and after expression was 1.8 ± 1.4 °C (range −0.9–6.1). Nipple temperature pre expression was significantly lower than post expression (Pre 32.6 ± 1.6, Post 34.3 ± 1.3, p < 0.001) with no difference between the two pumping sessions. For every 1 °C rise in temperature an additional 10 mL of milk was removed on average. The breastfed nipple temperature was significantly lower pre feed than post feed (Pre 32.4 ± 1.6, Post 33.2 ± 1.2 p = 0.01) with a significant but smaller change in nipple temperaturecompared to pumping (Breastfeed 1.0 ± 1.6, Pumping 1.7 ± 1.4, p = 0.03). Nipple temperature increases during pumping and breastfeeding suggesting the breasts have a similar physiological response to different stimuli. Further, the increased temperature potentially plays a role in effective milk removal.
Effect of acute exercise on RBC deformability and RBC nitric oxide synthase signalling pathway in young sickle cell anaemia patients
Authors: Grau Marijke , Jerke Max , Nader Elie , Schenk Alexander , Renoux Celine , Collins Bianca , Dietz Thomas , Bizjak Daniel Alexander , Joly Philippe , Bloch Wilhelm , Connes Philippe , Prokop Aram 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSickle cell anaemia (SCA) is characterized by reduced red blood cell (RBC) deformability and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. The aim of the study was to investigate whether exercise might affect these parameters in SCA. SCA patients and healthy controls (AA) performed an acute submaximal exercise test until subjects reached the first ventilatory threshold (VT 1). Blood was sampled at rest and at VT 1. At rest, free haemoglobin level was higher and RBC count, haemoglobin and haematocrit were lower in SCA compared to AA. RBC deformability was lower in SCA. Exercise had no effect on the tested parameters. RBC NO level was higher in SCA compared to AA at rest and significantly decreased after exercise in SCA. This might be related to a reduction in RBC-NO synthase (RBC-NOS) activation which was only observed in SCA after exercise. Free radical levels were higher in SCA at rest but concentration was not affected by exercise. Marker for lipid peroxidation and antioxidative capacity were similar in SCA and AA and not affected by exercise. In conclusion, a single acute submaximal bout of exercise has no deleterious effects on RBC deformability or oxidative stress markers in SCA, and seems to modulate RBC-NOS signalling pathway.
Polyhydroxy cucurbitane triterpenes from Hemsleya penxianensis tubers
Authors: Sun Zhaocui , Hu Meigeng , Zhu Nailiang , Huo Xiaowei , Zhou Xiaolei , Sun Zhonghao , Yang Junshan , Ma Guoxu , Xu Xudong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTen new cucurbitane triterpenoids, hemsleyacins A–J (1–10), together with three known cucurbitane triterpenoids, dihydrocucurbitacin F (11), scandenogenin D (12), and jinfushanencin F (13), were separated from ethanolic tuber extracts of Hemsleya penxianensis. The absolute configurations of the new compounds were established based on NMR, HRESIMS, and CD spectra. Compounds 7 and 10–12 were evaluated in terms of their antifeedant activity against Plutella xylostella larvae. The result showed that compound 10 exhibited potent antifeedant activity against P. xylostella larvae after 48 h of treatment. Furthermore, the MTT test showed that compound 11 exhibited potent inhibition toward the UMUC-3 and T24 cell lines with IC50 values of 29.12 and 35.62 μM, respectively, compared to the positive control cisplatin IC50 values of 8.27 and 13.72 μM. Western blot analysis revealed that compound 11 treatments substantially inhibited the phosphorylation of IκBα.
Reduced miR-181d level in obesity and its role in lipid metabolism via regulation of ANGPTL3
Authors: Abu-Farha Mohamed , Cherian Preethi , Al-Khairi Irina , Nizam Rasheeba , Alkandari Abdullah , Arefanian Hossein , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Al-Mulla Fahd , Abubaker Jehad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObesity impacts the endocrine and metabolic functions of the adipose tissue. There is increasing interest in the role of epigenetic factors in obesity and its impact on diabetes and dyslipidemia. One such substance, miR-181, reduces plasma triglyceride levels in mice by targeting isocitrate dehydrogenase 1. In the other hand, the adipocyte differentiation and lipid regulating hormone angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) is a known regulator of circulating apolipoproteins through its inhibition of the lipoprotein lipase activity. We aimed to study the miR-181d expression in the blood and adipose tissue in a cohort of obese and non-obese people, assessing its possible role in obesity. We also aimed to confirm whether miR-181d can bind and regulate ANGPTL3. miR-181d expression levels were investigated in 144 participants, 82 who were non-obese (body mass index [BMI] < 30) and 62 who were obese (BMI > 30). miR-181d levels in plasma and adipose tissue were measured by RT-PCR. Hepatocyte cell cultures were assessed by overexpression and 3′-UTR-luciferase assays for miR-181d binding to its target protein and its effect on the protein. The plasma levels of ANGPTL3 were also measured by ELISA. The miR-181d levels were significantly lower in obese than in non-obese individuals. In vitro analysis confirmed miR-181 binding to and repression of the ANGPTL3 transcript. Obesity leads to alterations in miR-181d expression. Its downregulation in obese humans was inversely correlated with ANGPTL3, a protein involved in adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. miR-181d can be used as an inhibitor of ANGPTL3 to reduce the TG plasma level.
Synthesis of Scandium Phosphate after Peroxide Assisted Leaching of Iron Depleted Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) Slags
Authors: Yagmurlu Bengi , Alkan Gözde , Xakalashe Buhle , Schier Claudia , Gronen Lars , Koiwa Ichiro , Dittrich Carsten , Friedrich Bernd 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAnticipated future demand and limited primary sources of Sc highlight the importance of secondary Sc resources such as bauxite residue (red mud). In this study, a process route starting from red mud aiming to recover Sc as a concentrate by a combination of pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes was developed. Bauxite residue was treated in an electric arc furnace (EAF) for Fe removal as well as slag conditioning with varying flux additions and various cooling conditions. 95% of iron recovery to the metal was achieved. Resulting slags were subjected to identical H2O2 supported H2SO4 leaching conditions at 75 °C. The effect of slag mineralogy and crystallinity on the leaching efficiencies were investigated using XRD and QEMSCAN analysis. As a result of the highly amorphous nature of acidic slags, maximum of 72% Sc leaching was obtained. For leached slags, water quenched basic slag was found to be the most promising condition resulting in an extreme Sc leaching yield of 97% and this slag was selected for the further Sc precipitation. High impurity removal rates and selective Sc separation were achieved with a triple-stage successive precipitation to synthesize a Sc concentrate. Starting from EAF treatment followed by leaching and precipitation, 85% of the initial Sc in the red mud was successfully recovered as Sc phosphate.
Familial Clustering, Second Primary Cancers and Causes of Death in Penile, Vulvar and Vaginal Cancers
Authors: Zhang Luyao , Hemminki Otto , Chen Tianhui , Zheng Guoqiao , Försti Asta , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Hemminki Kari 
Published: August 2019

AbstractData on familial risks in penile and vulvar/vaginal cancers and in second primary cancers (SPCs) following these cancers are limited. We used the Swedish Family-Cancer Database from years 1958 through 2015 to identify 3641 penile and 8856 vulvar/vaginal cancers and to calculate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for these cancers according to site-specific cancer in family members; additionally risk for SPCs was calculated. The familial RR for concordant (same) penile cancer was 3.22 (1.34–7.74), and it was 2.72 (1.69–4.39) for vulvar/vaginal cancer; RRs were increased for vulvar/vaginal cancer in families of anal cancer patients. RR for second penile cancer after penile cancers was 11.68 (7.95–17.18), while that for concordant vulvar/vaginal cancer was 9.03 (7.31–11.15). SPCs were diagnosed in 16.8% of penile cancer patients and in them 45.9% of deaths were caused by SPC (other than penile cancer). In vulvar/vaginal cancer patients with SPC, 36.4% of deaths were due to SPC. The results showed that these genital cancers might run in families and as SPCs are associated with human papilloma virus and smoking related cancers. Risk for these genital and anal SPCs are high and a follow-up plan should be agreed at diagnosis of these cancers.
Deploying Clinical Process Improvement Strategies to Reduce Motion Artifacts and Expiratory Phase Scanning in Chest CT
Authors: Doda Khera Ruhani , Singh Ramandeep , Homayounieh Fatemeh , Stone Evan , Redel Travis , Savage Cristy A. , Stockton Katherine , Shepard Jo-Anne O. , Kalra Mannudeep K. , Digumarthy Subba R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe hypothesized that clinical process improvement strategies can reduce frequency of motion artifacts and expiratory phase scanning in chest CT. We reviewed 826 chest CT to establish the baseline frequency. Per clinical process improvement guidelines, we brainstormed corrective measures and priority-pay-off matrix. The first intervention involved education of CT technologists, following which 795 chest CT were reviewed. For the second intervention, instructional videos on optimal breath-hold were shown to 245 adult patients just before their chest CT. Presence of motion artifacts and expiratory phase scanning was assessed. We also reviewed 311 chest CT scans belonging to a control group of patients who did not see the instructional videos. Pareto and percentage run charts were created for baseline and post-intervention data. Baseline incidence of motion artifacts and expiratory phase scanning in chest CT was 35% (292/826). There was no change in the corresponding incidence following the first intervention (36%; 283/795). Respiratory motion and expiratory phase chest CT with the second intervention decreased (8%, 20/245 patients). Instructional videos for patients (and not education and training of CT technologists) reduce the frequency of motion artifacts and expiratory phase scanning in chest CT.
A National Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists' Engagement in Interprofessional Collaborative Practice in Schools: Identifying Predictive Factors and Barriers to Implementation
Authors: Pfeiffer Danika L. , Pavelko Stacey L. , Hahs-Vaughn Debbie L. , Dudding Carol C. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
This study examined the models of collaboration used by school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) during the provision of special education services including factors predicting use of the interprofessional collaborative practice (IPP) model and barriers to collaboration.

Method
School-based SLPs responded to a survey on models of collaboration within their work setting. Anchored vignettes were created to determine their engagement in 3 different models (i.e., multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and interprofessional) used in the provision of special education services during evaluation and intervention. Predictive factors supporting and/or hindering the use of IPP were identified.

Results
Results demonstrated low percentages of school-based SLPs engaging in IPP during initial evaluations (8%), eligibility meetings (43%), and intervention sessions (14%). Three factors predicted use of IPP in schools: prior training in collaboration, years of experience, and educational setting. The most frequently cited barriers to SLPs' engagement in collaboration included time constraints/scheduling (48%), resistance from other professionals (23%), and lack of support from employers/administration (11%).

Conclusions
The results of the current study indicated that systemic change is needed at both the university and public school levels. At the university level, preprofessional students need collaborative learning opportunities that are integrated across programs and colleges. School-based SLPs and other education professionals could benefit from job-embedded learning focused on IPP to increase their knowledge and engagement in IPP and improve student outcomes.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9340760
The chemical structure of the very young starless core L1521E
Authors: Nagy Z. , Spezzano S. , Caselli P. , Vasyunin A. , Tafalla M. , Bizzocchi L. , Prudenzano D. , Redaelli E. 
Published: August 2019

Context. L1521E is a dense starless core in Taurus that was found to have relatively low molecular depletion by earlier studies, thus suggesting a recent formation.
Aims. We aim to characterize the chemical structure of L1521E and compare it to the more evolved L1544 pre-stellar core.
Methods. We have obtained ~2.5 × 2.5 arcminute maps toward L1521E using the IRAM-30 m telescope in transitions of various species, including C17O, CH3OH, c-C3H2, CN, SO, H2CS, and CH3CCH. We derived abundances for the observed species and compared them to those obtained toward L1544. We estimated CO depletion factors using the C17O IRAM-30 m map, an N(H2) map derived from Herschel/SPIRE data and a 1.2 mm dust continuum emission map obtained with the IRAM-30 m telescope.
Results. Similarly to L1544, c-C3H2 and CH3OH peak at different positions. Most species peak toward the c-C3H2 peak including C2S, C3S, HCS+, HC3N, H2CS, CH3CCH, and C34S. C17O and SO peak close to both the c-C3H2 and the CH3OH peaks. CN and N2H+ peak close to the Herschel dust peak. We found evidence of CO depletion toward L1521E. The lower limit of the CO depletion factor derived toward the Herschel dust peak is 4.3±1.6, which is about a factor of three lower than toward L1544. We derived abundances for several species toward the dust peaks of L1521E and L1544. The abundances of most sulfur-bearing molecules such as C2S, HCS+, C34S, C33S, and HCS+ are higher toward L1521E than toward L1544 by factors of ~2–20, compared to the abundance of A-CH3OH. The abundance of methanol is very similar toward the two cores.
Conclusions. The fact that the abundances of sulfur-bearing species toward L1521E are higher than toward L1544 suggests that significant sulfur depletion takes place during the dynamical evolution of dense cores, from the starless to pre-stellar stage. The CO depletion factor measured toward L1521E suggests that CO is more depleted than previously found. Similar CH3OH abundances between L1521E and L1544 hint that methanol is forming at specific physical conditions in the Taurus Molecular Cloud Complex, characterized by densities of a few ×104 cm−3 and N(H2) ≳ 1022 cm−2, when CO starts to catastrophically freeze-out, while water can still be significantly photodissociated, so that the surfaces of dust grains become rich in solid CO and CH3OH, as already found toward L1544. Methanol can thus provide selective crucial information about the transition region between dense cores and the surrounding parent cloud.
Modeling and simulation of an underactuated system
Authors: Nader K. , Sarsri D. 
Published: August 2019

One of the most active research areas in mechatronic systems is the control of mechanical systems controlled by electronic systems using computer programs. These programs execute algorithms called control laws.
Our study focuses on the control of underactuated mechanical systems: Case of a reversed two-wheeled pendulum. It consists of developing a control law to stabilize this system. This class of system is rich in practical as well as theoretical applications (SEGWAY, Acrobot robots ...) and this is why the control synthesis for underactuated mechanical systems constitutes a very active research axis and still constitues an open domain for technological research.
Optimization of elasticity of unidirectionnal non-overlapping fiber reinforced materials
Authors: Lakhal L. , Brunet Y. , Kanit T. 
Published: August 2019

The aim of this work is to efficiently select samples of non-overlapping parallel fiber reinforced composites with regard to their elasticity and their fiber distribution in the composite cross-section.
The samples were built with the help of the simulated annealing technique according to chosen Radial Distribution Functions. For each sample the fields of local stresses were simulated by finite element method, then homogenized by volume averaging in order to investigate their elastic properties. The effect of RDF shape on elastic properties was quantified. The more the fiber distributions deviate from Poisson’s Law the higher the effective elastic moduli are. A method to select samples of real fiber reinforced composites according to their elasticity is proposed.
Whole Body Surface Assessment – Implementierung und
Erfahrungen von 360° 3D Ganzkörperscans: Möglichkeiten zur Objektivierung und
Verlaufskontrolle an den Extremitäten und am Körperstamm
Authors: Etzel Lucas , Koban Konstantin Christoph , Li Zhouxiao , Frank Konstantin , Giunta Riccardo Enzo , Schenck Thilo Ludwig 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Dreidimensionale (3D) Oberflächenaufnahmen haben sich als
objektiver Mehrwert in der Planung und Dokumentation unterschiedlicher plastisch
chirurgischer Eingriffe erwiesen. Obwohl Oberflächen- und Volumenanalysen für
einzelne Bereiche wie der Brust und des Gesichts im klinischen Alltag eingesetzt
werden, war es bislang nicht ausreichend möglich, Auswirkungen auf die gesamte
Körperoberfläche zu erfassen und zu quantifizieren. Ziel dieser Studie war die
Implementierung von 360° Ganzkörperscans zur zukünftigen Therapie-Evaluierung
beim Lipödem.
Patienten, Material und Methoden Drei unterschiedliche 3D
Oberflächenscanner (Eva, Thor und Sense) wurden am Probanden hinsichtlich ihrer
Reproduzierbarkeit und Präzision für 360° Aufnahmen evaluiert. Unter einem
standardisierten Setting bestehend aus einem automatischen Drehteller und
definierten Posen wurden axiale Umfangsmessungen und schichtweise Volumina
bestimmt. Statistische und klinische relevante Abweichungen wurden
untersucht.
Ergebnisse Ein standardisierter 360° Scan Ablauf wurde implementiert. Die
Reproduzierbarkeit aller Scanner war zufriedenstellend (p > 0,05). Es zeigten
sich vergleichbare axiale Umfangsmessungen und Volumina für den Eva und Thor
Scanner (p > 0,05). Der Sense Scanner erreichte eine ausreichende
Messgenauigkeit im Thoraxbereich, jedoch signifikante Abweichungen an der
unteren Extremität (p < 0,05). Die Datenauswertung konnte auf ausgewählte
klinische Beispiele übertragen werden.
Schlussfolgerung Es konnte erfolgreich eine 360°
Oberflächenaufnahmetechnik und Analyse in der Plastischen Chirurgie eingeführt
werden. Zwei der getesteten Geräte ermöglichen objektive Umfangs- und
Volumenmessungen am gesamten Körper. Das dritte Gerät, der günstige Sense
Scanner, ermöglichte zwar 360° Aufnahmen, jedoch war dessen Präzision nicht für
alle Bereiche ausreichend. In Zukunft könnten somit die Auswirkungen
unterschiedlicher Therapien an der gesamten Körperoberfläche evaluiert
werden.