bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of edible coating containing Williopsis saturnus var. saturnus on fungal growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus in peanuts
Authors: Ulutasdemir Tugce , Cagri‐Mehmetoglu Arzu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProduction of aflatoxin by Aspergillus flavus in peanuts is both a health hazard and major problem. This study investigated the ability of a whey protein concentrate (WPC)‐based edible coating containing Williopsis saturnus var. saturnus to prevent growth of A. flavus and aflatoxin production in peanuts. WPC with/without W. saturnus (7 log colony‐forming unit [CFU]/g) or W. saturnus alone was sprayed on peanuts inoculated with A. flavus (3 log CFU/g) and stored for 84 days at 25°C. Application of coating with W. saturnus reduced both growth of A. flavus and aflatoxin level by 82 and 69.5% compared with the control, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid values were around 60% lower in peanuts coated with WPC compared with the control. Sensory and chemical properties of peanuts were not significantly affected by coating treatment (p < .05). Based on results, coating with W. saturnus appears useful in preventing both growth of A. flavus and aflatoxin production in peanuts.Practical ApplicationsImproved WPC based coating containing W. saturnus can be applied on surface of roasted peanuts to prevent growth of A. flavus and aflatoxin production.
Fatherhood diminishes the hippocampal damaging action of excitotoxic lesioning in mice
Authors: Anagnostou Ilektra , Morales Teresa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractParental experience imposes neuroplasticity in the hippocampus of females and males. In lactating rat dams, the hippocampus is protected against excitotoxic damage by kainic acid lesioning, although it is still unknown whether paternity can provide such protection to male rodents. To evaluate the protective effects of fatherhood against excitotoxic lesions, we paired male mice with females and co‐housed them until the day of parturition (PPD0), when we randomly assigned them to two groups: (i) the pregnancy group (males housed individually overnight and injected i.c.v. with 100 ng per 1 μL of kainic acid or vehicle on PPD1) and (ii) the sire group (males housed with the dam and pups until PPD8, when injected i.c.v. after evaluation of parental behaviour). Individually housed virgin adult male mice formed the control group. Markers of neurodegeneration (NeuN, Fluoro‐Jade C) and astrogliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein) were evaluated in fixed cerebral tissue containing the dorsal CA1, CA3 and CA4 hippocampal subfields. The CA1 subfield did not suffer damage in any of the experimental groups. The sire group exhibited less neurodegeneration and astrogliosis in the CA3 and CA4 subfields compared to their respective controls, independently of the expression of parental behaviour. Western blot analysis was conducted for prolactin (PRL), PRL receptor and related intracellular pathways. Monomeric PRL was lower in the hippocampus of sires in the first week postpartum with a parallel rise of a 48‐kDa dimerised isoform compared to virgin controls. The long isoform of PRL receptor did not change, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) was not detected in the hippocampus. However, a sustained rise in pAkt, a signalling molecule that participates in cell survival, was observed in the sire group. These results indicate that the hippocampus of sires housed with the dam and pups is less sensitive to neurotoxic injury, which might not be primarily regulated by PRL‐STAT5‐modulated mechanisms.
A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes on Patients Rehabilitated with Complete‐Arch Fixed Implant‐Supported Prostheses According to the Time of Loading
Authors: Gallardo Yolanda Natali Raico , da Silva‐Olivio Isabela Rodrigues , Gonzaga Luiz , Sesma Newton , Martin William 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeTo perform a systematic review on studies assessing clinical outcomes in patients rehabilitated with complete‐arch fixed implant‐supported prostheses according to the time of loading.Materials and MethodsData obtained from patient and clinical outcomes, as implant failure, success rate, survival rate, biological complications, technical complications, mechanical complications, and marginal bone loss, were included on this review. The search was performed on databases PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane. Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias of randomized controlled studies, and an adapted version of Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used for observational studies. All data were tabulated according to the time of loading: (1) immediate restoration/loading, (2) early loading, and (3) conventional loading.ResultsFrom a total of 4027 studies identified through the three databases, six of them were randomized controlled trials, five of them were prospective observational studies, and another five were retrospective observational studies. In total, 5954 implants, 1294 patients and 1305 full‐arch fixed implant‐supported prostheses were included in this review. There was a wide heterogeneity among clinical studies regarding the study design and treatment procedures. Thus, pooled estimates were not performed in order to avoid potential biases. The methodological assessment by the Modified Newcastle–Ottawa scale showed a moderate quality of observational studies. Regarding the RCTs studies, all of them presented at least one element of bias according to the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias.ConclusionThere is evidence of high survival‐success implant rate (95‐100%) for either loading protocols (immediate restoration/loading, early loading, and conventional loading). However, careful attention must be taken by clinician when interpreting the results reported in clinical studies. Future studies should be performed using standardized methodology in order to determine the true predictability regarding immediate, early, and conventional loading protocols.
Cascade of care for migrants tested Hepatitis C antibodies positive in France through a systematic screening programme: The PRECAVIR study
Authors: Rosa‐Hezode Isabelle , Chousterman Michel , Costes Laurent , Labourdette Charlotte , Elghozi Bernard , Krastinova Evguenia , Roudot‐Thoraval Françoise 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMigration of people from HCV endemic countries is a public health issue for the French healthcare system. The PRECAVIR study focused on migrant patients and provides a multidisciplinary, patient‐centred approach to treat chronic HCV‐infected migrants through a systematic screening programme. Between 2007 and 2017, 101 (2.98%) out of 3386 consecutive adult migrants attending two primary healthcare settings in Créteil, France, tested positive for HCV. The median age was 44.5 years old, and 55% were women. Patients were mainly from sub‐Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe and Asia. Seventy‐four patients were undocumented migrants, and 25 were asylum seekers. Eighty‐four (83%) patients were unaware of their serological status. All patients were offered referral to a specialist in the same setting. HCV RNA testing was performed in 88 (87%) of the patients who tested anti‐HCV positive. Forty‐nine (57%) were chronically infected, while 39 (43%) had an undetectable viral load. All patients were treatment‐naïve. More than half of patients had access to treatment. Before 2014, thirteen patients were treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin, and an SVR was achieved in 8 (61.5%) of them. By 2017, 17 patients had begun oral, direct‐acting antiviral treatment. An SVR was achieved in 16 of 17 patients (93%). However, all patients not initially eligible for treatment were lost to follow‐up.This study showed the effectiveness of a coordinated care network when anti‐HCV testing, linkage to care and treatment are organized for a migrant population in the same setting as long as universal treatment makes a test and treat policy possible.
Coupling relationship between green production and green consumption: Case of the Yangtze River Delta area
Authors: Shen Yongchang , Fu Yunyun , Song Malin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGreen production and green consumption have always been topics of concern. This study explores the coupling relationship between green production and green consumption by setting up a coupling coordination degree model using 2006–2015 panel data for the Yangtze River Delta area. The results highlight that, first, the contribution rate of the tertiary industry to the gross domestic product index is the key factor influencing green production. Meanwhile, passenger volume in the public traffic index is the main factor impacting green consumption. Second, while both green production and consumption levels have somewhat improved in the area, the gap between them continues to widen. Furthermore, the improvement in green consumption lags behind that in green production. Finally, the coupling coordination degree between green production and consumption in the area shows an increasing trend, although at a low level. These findings suggest that governments should focus on improving green consumption to increase the coupling coordination degree.
Type IX secretion system is pivotal for expression of gingipain‐associated virulence of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Benedyk Malgorzata , Marczyk Agata , Chruścicka Barbara 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPorphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen in periodontitis, secretes an array of virulence factors including gingipains via the type IX secretion system (T9SS). Inactivation of any component of the T9SS leads to the accumulation of secreted proteins in unprocessed and, in the case of progingipains, inactive forms in the periplasm. To cast light on the paradox that active gingipains are essential for P. gingivalis fitness in vivo but a functional T9SS is not (Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2017, 7:378), we have compared virulence of wild‐type P. gingivalis W83 and the gingipain‐null strain with isogenic mutants deficient in individual T9SS components. Using an in vivo subcutaneous chamber mouse model of infection, gingipain‐null strain secretion mutants showed no virulence, but their pathogenic potential was reconstituted by coinfection with a low number of the parental strain. Apparently the same mechanism compensated fitness of mutants lacking functional T9SS the transposon library. In contrast to the parental strain, all mutants elicited significantly lower but an effective inflammatory immune response, which cleared infection and prevented systemic dissemination of P. gingivalis to organs. There were no significant differences in immune responses to different secretion mutants, which were generally more stimulatory than the gingipain‐null strain. Together, these results indicate that functional T9SS is essential for P. gingivalis virulence apparently through delivery of active gingipains to the bacterial surface. Therefore, T9SS is a legitimate target for drug development to treat periodontitis.
In Defense of the Practice Theory
Authors: Lovett Frank 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHart proposed that law is made possible by the practice among legal officials of observing conventional social rules, the most important being rules of recognition. This view has been dubbed the practice theory, and it has been attacked by many legal theorists. This paper argues that many criticisms of the practice theory fail because they misunderstand the nature of the organizational challenge to which rules of recognition are the solution. The challenge of constituting a legal system is essentially the challenge of constituting a group agent, and when viewed through Pettit’s account of group agency, the practice theory can easily be defended.
The Inner Logic of Exclusivism (and Inclusivism): Shapiro's Shadowing
Authors: Mcbride Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractScott Shapiro, a prominent defender of exclusive legal positivism—exclusivism—has intriguingly (re)introduced a logical principle, the endorsement and rejection of which he (I take it) supposes can helpfully distinguish exclusivism from its contrary, inclusive legal positivism—inclusivism. It is an intriguing thought that principles pitched at such a high level of abstraction as this could distinguish between the two versions of positivism. My aim will be to test whether this principle—and associated principles—can do such distinguishing work.
International Crimes and the Right to Punish
Authors: Müller Luise K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhat can international courts say when criminals ask, by what right do you try me? Some authors attempt to draw a connection between humanity's responsibility to call offenders to account and the harm humanity has suffered as a consequence of the offender's crimes. Others have argued that there need not be a special connection between those calling to account and the offenders, as the right to punish offenders is a general right each and every person has. Both lines of argument are ultimately unconvincing. Instead, I argue for a modified version of the second position which proposes a democratically based theory of responsibility for punishment held by international criminal law institutions.
Trade openness, tax reform and tax revenue in developing countries
Authors: Gnangnon Sèna Kimm , Brun Jean‐François 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article investigates empirically whether the effect of tax reform (involving the progressive replacement of trade tax revenue with domestic tax revenue) in developing countries' tax revenue performance (measured by tax revenue‐to‐GDP ratio) depends on the degree of trade openness of these countries. The analysis has used an unbalanced panel data set of 95 developing countries over the period 1981–2015 and the two‐system GMM approach. Results suggest that tax reform is positively and significantly associated with tax revenue performance in developing countries, with the magnitude of this positive effect increasing as countries experience a higher development level. Additionally, and more importantly, countries that further open up their economies to international trade enjoy a higher positive effect of tax reform on tax revenue than countries that experience a lower degree of trade openness. Therefore, these findings should help dissipate the concerns of policymakers in developing countries that greater openness to international trade would further erode their tax revenue, including by lowering their international trade tax revenue. In fact, the implementation of an appropriate tax reform in the context of greater trade openness would generate higher tax revenue, while concurrently allowing countries to reap the well‐known benefits of international trade.
Clinical characteristics of patients having single versus multiple patient encounters within a palliative care programme
Authors: Lowe Sonya S , Nekolaichuk Cheryl , Ghosh Sunita , Fainsinger Lara , Quan Hue , Fainsinger Robin 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of patient initial presentations, and to explore associations between patients’ clinical characteristics at initial presentation and number of encounters (single vs multiple) to an integrated palliative care programme.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of a decedent cohort of 2922 patient initial presentations to the Edmonton Zone Palliative Care Program (EZPCP). Data included age, gender, setting of encounter, diagnosis, Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, CAGE, Mini-Mental Status Examination, Palliative Performance Status, Edmonton Classification System for Cancer Pain and time to death.ResultsOn initial presentation to the EZPCP, the mean age was 73 (SD 14 years), with 1358 (46%) being female, and the majority having a cancer diagnosis (n=2376, 81%), the most common of which was gastrointestinal primary (n=681, 29%). In univariate analyses, patients with younger age (<60), higher palliative performance status (>40%), a malignant diagnosis, gastrointestinal primary or unimpaired cognition at initial presentation were significantly associated with multiple encounters with an integrated palliative care programme (p<0.05). In a multivariate regression analysis, a malignant diagnosis, longer survival, higher performance status and initial entry through acute care sites were independently associated with multiple encounters in the programme (p<0.001).ConclusionsLarger prospective studies are warranted to further elucidate the complex relationships between patient clinical characteristics, initial presentations and subsequent encounters to an integrated palliative care programme.
COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR GENERATING THE COALITIONS OF CLASSIFIERS AND TWO METHODS FOR REDUCING DIMENSIONALITY IN A DISPERSED DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM
Authors: PRZYBYŁA-KASPEREK MAŁGORZATA 
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we consider a system in which knowledge in a dispersed form is available. In the system local classifiers are combined into coalitions. Two methods of combining classifiers in coalitions are discussed in this paper — with a hierarchical agglomeration algorithm and with Pawlak’s conflict model. The purpose of this paper is to apply methods for reducing dimensionality in these two approaches. Two methods of attribute reduction are considered — based on the rough set theory and based on attribute correlation with decision class. The most important conclusions formulated in the paper are as follows. The use of attribute selection method improves the quality of classification of the dispersed system. Better results are generated by the system with a hierarchical agglomeration algorithm.
LFP clustering in cortex reveals a taxonomy of Up states and near-millisecond, ordered phase-locking in cortical neurons
Authors: Mitelut Catalin C. , Spacek Martin A. , Chan Allen W. , Murphy Tim H. , Swindale Nicholas V. 
Published: August 2019

During slow-wave sleep and anesthesia, mammalian cortex exhibits a synchronized state during which neurons shift from a largely nonfiring to a firing state, known as an Up-state transition. Up-state transitions may constitute the default activity pattern of the entire cortex (Neske GT. Front Neural Circuits 9: 88, 2016) and could be critical to understanding cortical function, yet the genesis of such transitions and their interaction with single neurons is not well understood. It was recently shown that neurons firing at rates >2 Hz fire spikes in a stereotyped order during Up-state transitions (Luczak A, McNaughton BL, Harris KD. Nat Rev Neurosci 16: 745–755, 2015), yet it is still unknown if Up states are homogeneous and whether spiking order is present in neurons with rates <2 Hz (the majority). Using extracellular recordings from anesthetized cats and mice and from naturally sleeping rats, we show for the first time that Up-state transitions can be classified into several types based on the shape of the local field potential (LFP) during each transition. Individual LFP events could be localized in time to within 1–4 ms, more than an order of magnitude less than in previous studies. The majority of recorded neurons synchronized their firing to within ±5–15 ms relative to each Up-state transition. Simultaneous electrophysiology and wide-field imaging in mouse confirmed that LFP event clusters are cortex-wide phenomena. Our findings show that Up states are of different types and point to the potential importance of temporal order and millisecond-scale signaling by cortical neurons. NEW & NOTEWORTHY During cortical Up-state transitions in sleep and anesthesia, neurons undergo brief periods of increased firing in an order similar to that occurring in awake states. We show that these transitions can be classified into distinct types based on the shape of the local field potential. Transition times can be defined to <5 ms. Most neurons synchronize their firing to within ±5–15 ms of the transitions and fire in a consistent order.
Spatial organization of activity evoked by focal stimulation within the rat spinal dorsal horn as visualized by voltage-sensitive dye imaging in the slice
Authors: Mizuno Masaharu , Kato Go , Strassman Andrew M. 
Published: August 2019

In a prior study using laser scanning photostimulation, we found a pronounced cell type-specific mediolateral asymmetry in the local synaptic connectivity in the superficial laminae of the spinal dorsal horn (Kosugi M, Kato G, Lukashov S, Pendse G, Puskar Z, Kozsurek M, Strassman AM. J Physiol 591: 1935–1949, 2013). To obtain information on dorsal horn organization that might complement findings from microelectrode studies, voltage-sensitive dye imaging was used in the present study to examine patterns of activity evoked by focal electrical stimulation, in the presence and absence of synaptic blocking agents, at different positions in transverse, parasagittal, and horizontal slices of the dorsal horn of 2- to 3-wk -old male rats. A pronounced difference in responsiveness was found between medial and lateral dorsal horn, in that medial sites in the superficial dorsal horn showed much larger synaptic responses to focal stimulation than lateral sites. This difference appeared to be a result of a difference in the intrinsic elements of the dorsal horn, rather than a difference in the inputs from the white matter, because the stimulus intensities were subthreshold for evoking synaptic responses from stimulation at sites in the white matter, although it is also possible that the greater responsiveness is due, at least in part, to activation of Aβ primary afferent fibers that pass through the medial dorsal horn. The results raise the possibility of differences between medial and dorsal horn that need to be taken into account in the interpretation of studies of dorsal horn organization.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used voltage-sensitive dye imaging to obtain information on spatial aspects of dorsal horn organization that are difficult to examine with single-cell approaches because of the limitations of microelectrode sampling. The most noteworthy finding was a previously unreported, extreme difference between medial and lateral dorsal horn in responsiveness to focal stimulation that appears to result, at least in part, from a greater degree of excitability or local connectivity in medial dorsal horn.
USING PROJECT-BASED LEARNING TO TEACH LATIN AND GREEK MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Authors: Kolodnytska O. D. , Vorona I. I. 
Published: August 2019

The article reveals the role and importance of the project method of Latin teaching; to represent the sample of the project “Latin and Greek medical terminology and their corresponding national equivalents in English”.
The basic terminology competence of medical students is formed in Latin lessons because Latin vocabulary is used in Anatomy, Histology, Chemistry, Biology, as well as further clinical disciplines. Thus, the principle of close interdisciplinary integration helps students better understand the nature of the anatomical, histological, pharmaceutical, and clinical terms.
Project-based learning to teach Latin and Greek medical terminology contributes training in logical thinking, boosting cognitive processes essential for medicine, and causes the development of research and creative skills of medical students, the ability to independently construct their knowledge, navigate the information space and think critically.
It has been found that the use of project learning combined with all necessary elements of co-operating training of future medical workers greatly facilitates their creative training, development of communicative skills and contributes to independent decision-making.
The efficient using project-based learning to teach Latin and Greek medical terminology in higher medical educational institutions in combination with conventional teaching and technical support provides the highest quality of the educational process.