bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of phospholipase A2 in complex with 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid
Authors: Dileep Kalarickal V. , Remya Chandran , Tintu Ignatius , Mandal Pradeep K. , Karthe Ponnuraj , Haridas Madathilkovilakathu , Sadasivan Chittalakkottu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPhospholipase A2 (PLA2) is one of the rate limiting enzymes involved in the production of arachidonic acid, a potent inflammatory mediator. PLA2 is widely distributed all over the animal kingdom. It is also seen in inflammatory exudation and venoms of different organisms. The studies demonstrated that PLA2 inhibitors have broad spectrum activities that they can either be used against inflammation or envenomation. In this study, the inhibitory activity of 1‐napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) against porcine pancreatic PLA2 has been explained through isothermal titration calorimetry and enzyme kinetics studies. The atomic level of interactions of NAA with PLA2 was also studied using X‐ray crystallography. Apart from these findings, the theoretical binding affinities and mode of interactions of two naphthalene‐based NSAIDs such as naproxen (NAP) and nabumetone (NAB) were studied through molecular modeling. The studies proved that the selected ligands are binding at the doorway of the active site cleft and hindering the substrate entry to the active site. The study brings out a potential scaffold for the designing of broad spectrum PLA2 inhibitors which can be used for inflammation or envenomation. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(10):995–1001, 2018
Treatment of aniline contaminated water by a self‐designed dielectric barrier discharge reactor coupling with micro‐bubbles: optimization of the system and effects of water matrix
Authors: Liu Yanan , Shen Xue , Sun Jihui , Li Pan , Zhang Ai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDA self‐designed dielectric barrier discharge reactor coupling with micro‐bubbles (DBD/MB) system is proposed as a promising method to remove aniline in waste water. The optimum geometric dimensions of the reactor and the operating parameters of the DBD/MB system as well as the influence of the water matrix (including cations, anions, and coexisting organics) were investigated. The functional mechanisms of the DBD/MB system were explored.RESULTSBy setting the double‐dielectric barrier discharge reactor (DDBD) with electrode gap as 5 mm, discharge voltage as 50 kV, and air intake flow of the MB generator as 40 mL min−1, the aniline removal efficiency reached 82% within an hour. The removal efficiency could be promoted by the presence of metal ions (Cu2+, Fe2+ and Mn2+), while it was also found that with the presence of certain anions (CO32−, Cl−, NO3− and SO42−), the degradation process was inhibited by more than 40%. The coexisting organics did not influence aniline removal. Active species (•OH, H2O2 and O3) generated in the DDBD/MB treatment and micro‐bubbles played important roles in the aniline degradation process.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides fundamental information for the application of a DDBD/MB system to effectively remove aniline from water. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimization of continuous arsenic biosorption present in natural contaminated groundwater
Authors: Pérez Mora Bárbara E , Bellú Sebastián E , Mangiameli María F , García Silvia I , González Juan C 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDArsenic (As) is a serious water pollution problem in the world. In Argentina, it is related to old volcanic activities; for example, the western region of Santa Fe State has concentrations higher than 0.1 mgAs L−1. In this work, a green, sensitive method was used to determine As concentration, and its removal using chitosan in bed columns was studied. Mathematical models were used to explain sorption, and the process was optimized using statistical methods.RESULTSArsenic quantification was realized with a bespoke modification of the As molybdenum blue method (detection limit = 0.0048 mg L−1, quantification limit = 0.0145 mg L−1). Chitosan molar mass, pHZPC and deacetylation degree were 350 ± 10 kDa, 6.3% and 76.2%, respectively. A maximum of 68.5% was obtained for As(V) removal at optimum conditions. Raising the bed column height produced an increment in breakthrough times, and the sorption process was favoured using low flow rates. Salinity, phosphate and nitrate concentration reductions were 60%, 50% and 70%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSSorption studies have been carried out on groundwater, using columns packed with chitosan for arsenic removal. The process was optimized by a factorial design. Elution profiles were adjusted adequately with mathematical models. The modified analytical technique for arsenic quantification applied in groundwater, was successful. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Which activated sludge configurations qualify for maximizing energy conservation – Why?
Authors: Orhon Derin , Allı Buşra , Sözen Seval 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis paper aimed to provide a critical appraisal on maximizing sludge generation and energy conservation in high‐rate activated sludge (AS) configurations. The role of gravity settling and the positive attributes of high rate membrane bioreactors were emphasized. The appraisal covered data reported in the literature on 40 different experiments testing high‐rate AS configurations for sludge generation and energy conservation.RESULTSIn systems with gravity settling, effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) was higher than 125 mg L−1 in 60% of the experiments, with similarly high effluent soluble COD values. In high‐rate MBR systems, permeate COD fluctuated around 12–18 mgCOD L−1; in gravity systems, COD loss in the effluent was higher than 200 mg L−1 in 17 runs (65%) and 300 mg L−1 in 12 runs (46%). Corresponding observed yields were only 9–43%. Membrane systems consistently yielded much higher observed yields of 50–60%.CONCLUSIONFor energy recovery, AS systems require a major transition, reducing the sludge age to 1.0–2.0 d; only high‐rate systems are capable of maximizing energy conservation. This argument does not apply to the contact stabilization process, which is inherently unsuitable for energy recovery. A transition is also needed to replace gravity settling by membrane systems for effective control of particulate and soluble COD components. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry of labdane‐type acid diterpenes
Authors: Aguiar Gabriela P. , Crevelin Eduardo J. , Dias Herbert J. , Ambrósio Sérgio R. , Bastos Jairo K. , Heleno Vladimir C. G. , Vessecchi Ricardo , Crotti Antônio E. M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCopaifera (Leguminoseae) species produce a commercially interesting oleoresin that displays several biological activities, including antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory properties. Labdane‐type diterpenes are the main chemical constituents of these oleoresins, and copalic acid is the only compound that has been detected in all Copaifera oleoresins. In this study, we investigate some aspects of the gas‐phase fragmentation reactions involved in the formation of the product ions from the deprotonated compounds (−)‐ent‐copalic acid (1), (−)‐ent‐3β‐hydroxy‐copalic acid (2), (−)‐ent‐3β‐acetoxy‐copalic acid (3), and (−)‐ent‐agathic acid (4) by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) and multiple stage mass spectrometry (MSn). Our results reveal that the product ion with m/z 99 is common to all the analyzed compounds, whereas the product ion with m/z 217 is diagnostic for compounds 2 and 3. Moreover, only compound 4 undergoes CO2 (44 u) and acetic acid (60 u) elimination from the precursor ion. Thermochemical data obtained by computational chemistry at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level of theory support the proposed ion structures. These data helped us to identify these compounds in a crude commercial Copaifera langsdorffii oleoresin by selective multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Finally, a precursor ion scan (PIS) strategy aided screening of labdane‐type acid diterpenes other than 1 to 4 in the same Copaifera oleoresin sample and led us to propose the structures of 8,17‐dihydro‐ent‐agathic acid (5) and 3‐keto‐ent‐copalic acid (6), which have not been previously reported in Copaifera oleoresins.
Long‐term reliability of the defibrillator lead inserted by the extrathoracic subclavian puncture
Authors: Watanabe Masaya , Yokoshiki Hisashi , Mitsuyama Hirofumi , Mizukami Kazuya , Tenma Taro , Kamada Rui , Takahashi Masayuki , Matsui Yoshiro , Anzai Toshihisa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundAs the transvenous defibrillator lead is fragile and its failure may cause a life‐threatening event, reliable insertion techniques are required. While the extrathoracic puncture has been introduced to avoid subclavian crush syndrome, the reports on the long‐term defibrillator lead survival using this approach, especially the comparison with the cephalic cutdown (CD), remain scarce. We aimed to evaluate the long‐term survival of the transvenous defibrillator lead inserted by the extrathoracic subclavian puncture (ESCP) compared with CD.MethodsBetween 1998 and 2011, 324 consecutive patients who underwent an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) implantation in Hokkaido University Hospital were included. ICD leads were inserted by CD from 1998 to 2003 and by contrast venography‐guided ESCP thereafter. Lead failure was defined as a nonphysiologic high‐rate oversensing with abnormal lead impedance or highly elevated sensing and pacing threshold.ResultsOf 324 patients, CD was used in 37 (11%) and ESCP in 287 patients (89%). During the median follow‐up of 6.2 years (IQR:3.2‐8.3), 7 leads (2 in CD and 5 leads in ESCP group) failed. All patients with lead failure in ESCP group were implanted with either SJM Riata (n = 1) or Medtronic Fidelis lead (n = 4). Five‐year lead survival was 93.8% (CI95%:77.3‐98.4%) in CD compared with 99.1% (CI95%:96.6‐99.8%) in ESCP group (P = 0.903). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that the use of Fidelis or Riata lead was the strong predictor of the ICD lead failure (HR 13.8, CI95%:2.9‐96.5; P = 0.001).ConclusionsContrast venography‐guided extrathoracic puncture ensures the reliable long‐term survival in the transvenous defibrillator leads.
A rapid and reliable assay to determine flumequine, marbofloxacin, difloxacin, and sarafloxacin in commonly consumed meat by micellar liquid chromatography
Authors: Peris‐Vicente Juan , Iborra‐Millet Jesús Javier , Albiol‐Chiva Jaume , Carda‐Broch Samuel , Esteve‐Romero Josep 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicellar liquid chromatography – fluorescence detection was used to determine the antibiotics flumequine, marbofloxacin, difloxacin, and sarafloxacin in porcine, bovine, poultry, ovine, caprine, rabbit, and equine meat, to verify compliance with EU Regulation 37/2010 with regard to the occurrence of veterinary drugs in food.RESULTSThe analytes were isolated from the matrix by ultrasonication‐assisted leaching in a micellar solution, and the supernatant was filtered and directly injected. The fluoroquinolones were resolved in < 19 min using a C18 column, with an isocratic mobile phase of 0.05 mol L−1 sodium dodecyl sulfate ‐ 8% 1‐butanol – 0.5% triethylamine buffered at pH 3. The limits of quantification (0.01–0.05 mg kg−1) were below the maximum residue limits (0.15–0.4 mg kg−1). The method was validated by EU Commission Decision 2002/657/EC guidelines.CONCLUSIONThe method shows practical advantages such as simplicity, low cost, eco‐friendliness, safety, and applicability for routine analysis, and is useful for surveillance programs. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of fertilization and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation on antioxidant profiles and activities in Fragaria ananassa fruit
Authors: Parada José , Valenzuela Tamara , Gómez Francisca , Tereucán Gonzalo , García Susana , Cornejo Pablo , Winterhalter Peter , Ruiz Antonieta 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe main methods used to increase the yield and quality of strawberry fruit produced in acidic soils with low P availability include root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and adjusting the type of P supplementation by means of traditional (TF) or organic (OF) fertilization, and adjusting nutrient doses. In this study, the antioxidant properties of strawberry fruit were evaluated under different treatments of fertilization (TF or OF) and different doses of P supplied at planting (0, 50 or 100% of the agronomic recommendation) and in the presence or absence of AM fungus as a bioinoculant.ResultsFruits without fertilization treatments and with TF presented with higher anthocyanin concentrations. In general, higher values were obtained without AM colonization. However, spectrophotometric tests showed the highest activity and concentration in the AM‐inoculated treatments. It is likely that phenolic compounds other than anthocyanins are present in the extracts. These other compounds could not be identified by the method used but could be detected by the Folin–Ciocalteu method.ConclusionThis study provides information that allows for improvements in strawberry fruit quality by agronomic management, with a potential beneficial effect on the health of consumers. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Two macamide extracts relieve physical fatigue by attenuating muscle damage in mice
Authors: Zheng Yue , Zhang Wen‐Cheng , Wu Ze‐Yu , Fu Chuan‐Xiang , Hui Ai‐Ling , Gao Han , Chen Peng‐Peng , Du Biao , Zhang Hua‐Wei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDMacamides, the main active components contained in maca, have attracted increasing attention due to their various bioactivities. In this study, crude macamide extract (CME) and purified macamide extract (PME) were prepared by enzyme‐assisted extraction and macroporous resin separation, and the anti‐fatigue effects of CME and PME were evaluated in a forced swimming model.RESULTSThe composition analysis results revealed that both CME and PME mainly contain eight kinds of macamide. Based on the results of a weight‐loaded forced swimming test, compared with a control group, CME and and PME groups could prolong exhaustive swimming time, increase levels of liver glycogen (LG) and muscle glycogen (MG), accelerate fatty acid oxidation in serum to provide energy, eliminate the accumulation of blood lactic acid (BLA) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and decrease the serum biomarkers for muscle damage, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK). Histological analysis also indicated that CME and PME attenuated damage to skeletal muscle and the myocardium in mice during exercise.CONCLUSIONTwo macamide extracts have a beneficial effect on relieving physical fatigue by attenuating the damage of skeletal muscle and myocardium during exercise, and a better effect was observed in the PME group. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
The relationship between alkylamide compound content and pungency intensity of Zanthoxylum bungeanum based on sensory evaluation and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry/ mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) analysis
Authors: Zhang Lu‐Lu , Zhao Lei , Wang Hou‐Yin , Shi Bo‐Lin , Liu Long‐Yun , Chen Zhong‐Xiu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDZanthoxylum bungeanum originating in different places varies in alkylamide content and pungency intensity.RESULTSThe pungency intensity of 19 Zanthoxylum bungeanum samples was first determined with Scoville pungency units (SPUs). The SPUs were found to range from 3.80E + 04 to 5.40E + 05. The chemical compositions and contents were measured next, using the ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry/ mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method. The total alkylamide content ranged from 9.83 ± 0.15 to 89.98 ± 1.35 g kg−1. Hydroxy‐ϵ‐sanshool, hydroxy‐α‐sanshool, hydroxy‐β‐sanshool, hydroxy‐γ‐sanshool, bungeanool, and isobungeanool were found to be the key pungent compounds, ranging in proportion from 92.65% to 97.69%. The relationship between alkymide compound content and pungency intensity was also analyzed by ridge regression, and it was found that the β values of independent variables were stable when k was more than 0.6. The regression coefficients of hydroxy‐ϵ‐sanshool, hydroxy‐α‐sanshool, hydroxy‐β‐sanshool, hydroxy‐γ‐sanshool, bungeanool, isobungeanool, and other alkylamides were 0.105, 0.177, 0.386, −0.166, −0.006, 0.005, and −0.018, respectively.CONCLUSIONHydroxy‐ sanshool compounds were important in determinant the pungency intensity of Z. bungeanum. Knowledge of the relationship between alkymide compound content and pungency intensity will assist in the creation of new methods to determine pungency intensity and provide a scientific basis for flavor design, development of pungent food products, and consumer choice evaluations. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Risk assessment of forest landscape degradation using Bayesian network modeling in the Miyun Reservoir catchment (China) with emphasis on the Beijing–Tianjin sandstorm source control program
Authors: Li Hao , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Yan , Yang Xiaohui , Zhang Kebin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs the local strategic surface water source for Beijing City, the Miyun Reservoir catchment is suffering from the challenges of forest landscape degradation (FLD) under various natural and anthropogenic disturbances. This study developed a cause–effect Bayesian network model, consisting of three tiers of nodes, site indicators, external disturbance, and the outcome of FLD, to perform a regional ecological risk assessment to better understand the FLD risks (1998–2013) in the catchment. The effects of the Beijing–Tianjin sandstorm source control (BTSSC) Phase I program, a typical forest landscape restoration program, on the FLD were further examined. Overall, the higher level of either current occurrence or risk probability for FLD suggests the urgency of the following restoration efforts. The dominance of soil erosion for FLD indicates that soil erosion control should be a priority in the following Phase II program. Meanwhile, the uneven spatial distribution of high‐risk areas suggests that the following efforts should be focused within the upstream Hebei Province. In addition, based on the comparison of site indicators between different risk areas, the study concluded that community livelihood activities and land degradation due to climate change have been the other two dominant driving forces contributing to FLD. Furthermore, the study found that the forest landscape has not been restored into the best state by the BTSSC program due to the multiple and complex challenges. Thus, the technical concept of nature‐based solutions, including close‐to‐nature forest management technology and a comprehensive community‐involvement governance model, was proposed for the following Phase II program.
Land degradation and restoration in the arid and semiarid zones of China: Quantified evidence and implications from satellites
Authors: Mao Dehua , Wang Zongming , Wu Bingfang , Zeng Yuan , Luo Ling , Zhang Bai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractQuantified information on land degradation and restoration is needed to support policies for sustainable ecosystem management and socioeconomic development. The arid and semiarid zones of China (ASZC) have experienced significant land degradation, and in response to such degradation, multiple ecological projects were implemented. In this study, remote sensing was used to identify degrading areas and where the degraded areas have been restored from 1990 in this ecologically sensitive region. Specifically, we integrated datasets from the ChinaCover and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer products to characterize changes in vegetation, ecosystems, and environmental conditions. The results confirmed that deforestation, desertification, grassland degradation, wetland loss, and the encroachment upon farmlands were notable in the ASZC. Agricultural activity has cultivated extensive areas of natural ecosystems (46,474 km2). The expansion of built‐up lands in terms of national policies has destroyed large areas of natural (5,487 km2) and agricultural (4,138 km2) ecosystems and continually results in negative impacts on ecological conservation. China has restored some lands (7,732 km2 from farmlands and 24,904 km2 from barren lands) and improved ecosystems, as characterized by increases in the normalized different vegetation index, leaf area index, net primary productivity, and gross primary productivity values in the ASZC, especially after the implementation of many ecological projects. However, it is also necessary to document the conclusions and lessons from these projects to guide future ecological policies and projects in the context of the substantial new challenges facing the protection of this ecologically sensitive environment.
Cancer After Liver Transplantation in Children and Young Adults: A Population‐Based Study From 4 Nordic Countries
Authors: Åberg Fredrik , Isoniemi Helena , Pukkala Eero , Jalanko Hannu , Rasmussen Allan , Storm Hans H. , Schultz Nicolai , Bennet William , Ekvall Nils , Ericzon Bo‐Göran , Malenicka Silvia , Tretli Steinar , Line Pål‐Dag , Boberg Kirsten Muri , Østensen Anniken , Karlsen Tom Hemming , Nordin Arno 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Cancer after liver transplantation (LT) constitutes a threat also for young recipients, but cancer risk factors are usually absent in children and large studies on the cancer risk profile in young LT recipients are scarce. Data of patients younger than 30 years who underwent LT during the period 1982‐2013 in the Nordic countries were linked with respective national cancer registries to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). A total of 37 cancer cases were observed in 923 patients with 7846 person‐years of follow‐up. The SIR for all cancer types, compared with the matched general population, was 9.8 (12.4 for males and 7.8 for females). Cumulative incidence of cancer adjusted for the competing risk of death was 2% at 10 years, 6% at 20 years, and 22% at 25 years after LT. Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma was the most common cancer type (n = 14) followed by colorectal (n = 4) and hepatocellular cancer (n = 4). Age was a significant risk factor for cancer, and the absolute risk of most cancers (except for lymphoma) increased considerably in young adults older than 20 years. The cancer risk pattern is different in pediatric and young LT patients compared with adult recipients. The striking increase in cancer incidence in young adulthood after the second decade of life deserves further consideration in transition programs.