bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical coherence tomography represents a sensitive and reliable tool for routine monitoring of idiopathic intracranial hypertension with and without papilledema
Authors: Huang‐Link Y. , Eleftheriou A. , Yang G. , Johansson J. M. , Apostolou A. , Link H. , Jin Y.‐P. 
Published: December 2018

Background and purposeWe previously reported that certain optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures were sensitive and reliable in identifying idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). This prospective study aimed to define OCT measures that allow differentiation of IIH with and without papilledema, thereby helping clinical decision‐making.MethodsEight patients with IIH with papilledema, nine without papilledema and 19 with other neurological diseases were included. OCT measures were obtained before lumbar puncture and within 2 h, 1, 3 and 6 months after lumbar puncture with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) removal.ResultsAll patients with papilledema had increased retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and elevated CSF pressure. All patients without papilledema had normal RNFL but elevated CSF pressure. After CSF removal, reduced RNFL thickness was registered in all eight patients with IIH with papilledema. No significant change in RNFL thickness after CSF removal was observed in IIH without papilledema or in patients with other neurological diseases, although reduced CSF pressure was documented. RNFL thickness tended to be normal in patients with IIH with papilledema at 3–6 months after CSF removal. All patients with IIH showed increased rim area and rim thickness, but reduced optic cup volume regardless of RNFL thickness or papilledema.ConclusionsRetinal nerve fiber layer thickness is sensitive for monitoring acute IIH and evaluating treatment effect. Increased rim area and rim thickness and decreased optic cup volume are reliable parameters that indicate persistently increased CSF pressure and risk of relapse. OCT measures are sensitive and reliable for diagnosing subtle IIH even in the absence of papilledema.
Phylogeographic diversification and postglacial range dynamics shed light on the conservation of the kelp Saccharina japonica
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yao Jianting , Hu Zi‐Min , Jueterbock Alexander , Yotsukura Norishige , Krupnova Tatiana N. , Nagasato Chikako , Duan Delin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractStudies of postglacial range shifts could enhance our understanding of seaweed species’ responses to climate change and hence facilitate the conservation of natural resources. However, the distribution dynamics and phylogeographic diversification of the commercially and ecologically important kelp Saccharina japonica in the Northwest Pacific (NWP) are still poorly surveyed. In this study, we analyzed the evolutionary history of S. japonica using two mitochondrial markers and 24 nuclear microsatellites. A STRUCTURE analysis revealed two partially isolated lineages: lineage H, which is scattered along the coast of Japan; and lineage P, which occurs along the west coast of the Japan Sea. Ecological niche modeling projections to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) revealed that the southern coasts of the Japan Sea and the Pacific side of the Oshima and Honshu Peninsulas provided the most suitable habitats for S. japonica, implying that these regions served as ancient refugia during the LGM. Ancient isolation in different refugia may explain the observed divergence between lineages P and H. An approximate Bayesian computation analysis indicated that the two lineages experienced post‐LGM range expansion and that postglacial secondary contact occurred in Sakhalin. Model projections into the year 2,100 predicted that S. japonica will shift northwards and lose its genetic diversity center on the Oshima Peninsula in Hokkaido and Shimokita Peninsula in Honshu. The range shifts and evolutionary history of S. japonica improve our understanding of how climate change impacted the distribution range and diversity of this species and provide useful information for the conservation of natural resources under ongoing environmental change in the NWP.
Internal markers for predicting dry matter intake and digestibility in Santa Inês ewes on a pasture
Authors: de Sousa Sheila V. , de Araújo Marcos J. , Marques Carlo A. T. , Torreão Jacira N. C. , Lima Lucas A. , Gottardi Fernanda P. , Edvan Ricardo L. , Bezerra Leilson R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAssessing feed intake is a valuable tool for herd management decisions. The use of markers is one of the most widely used techniques for estimating dry matter intake (DMI) in ruminants. Thus, internal markers (IM) were evaluated to predict DMI and digestibility (DMD) in ewes supplemented on a pasture during pre‐ (75, 105 and 135 days of gestation) and postpartum periods (30 and 60 days of lactation). The animals were kept on a pasture, and they were put into individual stalls to receive their supplementation. Twelve ewes were distributed in a completely randomized design: (a) Two supplementation levels (SL; 5 and 15 g/kg body weight, BW) and three IM (indigestible neutral detergent fiber, iNDF; indigestible acid detergent fiber, iADF; and rumen‐undegradable dry matter; RUDM) were used and analyzed as mixed models. (b) The DMI and DMD, which were estimated by the best marker, were analyzed as repeated measures using the mixed procedure in SAS. Fecal output was estimated using an external marker (LIPE®; isolated, purified and enriched lignin). The DMI and DMD estimated by RUDM were greater and better than iADF and iNDF, which were similar. The effects of SL and physiological stages for DMI and DMD were evaluated by the values obtained from RUDM. As expected, regardless of the physiological stage, DMI and DMD were greater in the animals that received 15 g/kg BW. Considering the physiological stage, the animals fed 15 g/kg BW had greater DMI and DMD at 75 days of gestation and 30 days of lactation and the least DMI was observed at 135 days of gestation and 60 days of lactation. In conclusion, RUDM provides the best estimates for DMI and DMD, which were greater in animals receiving 15 g/kg BW of concentrate at the beginning of gestation and lactation.
Patient experiences of telephone outreach to enhance uptake of NHS Health Checks in more deprived communities and minority ethnic groups: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Brangan Emer , Stone Tracey J. , Chappell Amanda , Harrison Vivienne , Horwood Jeremy 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe NHS Health Checks preventative programme aims to reduce cardiovascular morbidity across England. To improve equity in uptake, telephone outreach was developed in Bristol, involving community workers telephoning patients amongst communities potentially at higher risk of cardiovascular disease and/or less likely to take up a written invitation, to engage them with NHS Health Checks. Where possible, caller cultural background/main language is matched with that of the patient called. The call includes an invitation to book an NHS Health Check appointment, lifestyle questions from the Health Check, and signposting to lifestyle services.ObjectiveTo explore the experiences of patients who received an outreach call.Design/Setting/ParticipantsThematic analysis of semi‐structured interviews with 24 patients (15 female), from seven primary care practices, who had received an outreach call.ResultsThe call increased participants’ understanding of NHS Health Checks and overcame anticipated difficulties with making an appointment. Half reported that they would not have booked if only invited by letter. The cultural identity/language skills of the caller were important in facilitating the interaction for some who might otherwise encounter language or cultural barriers. The inclusion of lifestyle questions and signposting prompted a minority to make lifestyle changes.ConclusionsParticipants valued easily generalizable aspects of the intervention—a telephone invitation with ability to book during the call—and reported that it prompted acceptance of an NHS Health Check. A caller who shared their main language/cultural background was important for a minority of participants, and improved targeting of this would be beneficial.
Physical characterization of the hair of Mexican women
Authors: Aslan S. , Evans T. A. , Wares J. , Norwood K. , Idelcaid Y. , Velkov D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHairs collected from 257 Mexican women, residing in Mexico City, were characterized by instrumental measurements for comparison to more‐commonly reported Caucasian, Asian and African hairs. Subjects were subdivided into five age groups and their hairs were characterized by fibre dimension, shape and tensile strength. Results show that Mexican hair appears to be intermediate of Asian and Caucasian hair in diameter and cross‐sectional ellipticity. Such findings seem in line with the early and late ethnic origins of Mexican people. Results also illustrate and confirm the large intra‐ and inter‐individual variability within any single hair property. Unexpectedly high levels of hair tensile damage were sometimes encountered.
Selecting for changes in average “parity curve” pattern of litter size in Large White pigs
Authors: Sell‐Kubiak Ewa , Knol Egbert Frank , Mulder Herman Arend 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to analyse genetic background of variation in reproductive performance between parities of a sow and to investigate selection strategies to change the “parity curve”. Total number born (TNB) recorded in Large White sows was provided by Topigs Norsvin. Analysis with basic (BM) and random regression (RRM) models was done in ASReml 4.1. The BM included only a fixed “parity curve”, while RRM included 3rd order polynomials for additive genetic and permanent sow effects. Parameters from RRM were used in simulations in SelAction 2.1. Based on Akaike information criterion, RRM was a better model for TNB data. Genetic variance and heritability estimates of TNB from BM and RRM were increasing with parity from parity 2. Genetically, parity 1 is the most different from parities 7 to 10, whereas most similar to parities 2 and 3. This indicates presence of genetic variation to change the “parity curve”. Based on simulations, the selection to increase litter size in parity 1 only increases TNB in all parities, but does not change the observed shape of “parity curve”, whereas selection for increased TNB in parity 1 and reduced TNB in parity 5 decreases differences between parities, but also reduces overall TNB in all parities. Changing the “parity curve” will be difficult as the genetic and phenotypic relationships between the parities are hard to overcome even when selecting for one parity.
Ibutilide for the control of refractory ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in patients with myocardial ischemia and hemodynamic instability
Authors: Sendra‐Ferrer Mauricio , Gonzalez Mario D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionRecurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) in patients with myocardial ischemia requiring hemodynamic support can be refractory to available antiarrhythmic agents and even to cardioversion and defibrillation. The purpose of this study was to report the effect of intravenous ibutilide in patients with a VT and/or VF storm in the presence of incomplete revascularization requiring hemodynamic support.Methods and resultsStandard continuous telemetry and frequent 12‐lead electrocardiograms were obtained to determine the effect of intravenous Ibutilide in these patients. We studied six consecutive patients (age 60 ± 12 years; five males) with incomplete revascularization and mechanical support (extracorporeal membrane of oxygenation = 2; left ventricular assist device = 4) with VT/VF refractory to lidocaine and amiodarone. Intravenous ibutilide was given as a last resort for management of their ventricular arrhythmias. Intravenous ibutilide (1‐2 mg) allowed restoration of sinus rhythm in three patients with persistent VF that were refractory to multiple defibrillation shocks. When the 24‐hour period before and after ibutilide administration was compared, this drug markedly reduced the number of required cardioversions/defibrillations in all patients from 20 ± 9 to 0.7 ± 0.8 shocks (
P = 0.036).ConclusionsIn patients with myocardial ischemia requiring hemodynamic support, intravenous Ibutilide demonstrates a potent antiarrhythmic effect and can facilitate defibrillation in patients with refractory VF.
New insight into the role of extracellular vesicles in kidney disease
Authors: Lv Lin‐Li , Feng Ye , Tang Tao‐Tao , Liu Bi‐Cheng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are released to maintain cellular homeostasis as well as to mediate cell communication by spreading protective or injury signals to neighbour or remote cells. In kidney, increasing evidence support that EVs are signalling vesicles for different segments of tubules, intra‐glomerular, glomerular‐tubule and tubule‐interstitial communication. EVs released by kidney resident and infiltrating cells can be isolated from urine and were found to be promising biomarkers for kidney disease, reflecting deterioration of renal function and histological change. We have here summarized the recent progress about the functional role of EVs in kidney disease as well as challenges and future directions involved.
A potential bio‐control agent from baical skullcap root against listeriosis via the inhibition of sortase A and listeriolysin O
Authors: Lu Gejin , Xu Lei , Zhang Tong , Deng Xuming , Wang Jianfeng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractListeria monocytogenes (LM) is a classical model intracellular pathogen and the leading cause of listeriosis, which has long been a global public health issue. The successful infection of LM is related to a series of virulence factors, such as the transpeptidase enzyme sortase A (SrtA) and listeriolysin O (LLO), which are crucial for bacterial internalization and escape from phagosomes respectively. It is speculated that targeting multiple virulence factors may be due to a synergistic effect on listeriosis therapy. In this study, an active flavonoids component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, baicalein, was found to potently block both listerial SrtA catalyzed activity and LLO hemolytic activity within 16 μg/mL. After pretreatment with baicalein, 86.30 (±11.35) % of LM failed to associate with Caco‐2 cells compared to the LM without preincubation (regarded as 100% internalization). Furthermore, baicalein addition may aid in bacterial degradation and clearance in macrophagocytes. During a 5 h observation, LM in cells incubated with baicalein showed significantly decreased vacuole escapes and sluggish endocellular growth. In addition, baicalein directly prevented LM‐induced cells injury and mice fatality (survival rate from 10.00% to 54.55% in 4 days post‐intraperitoneal injection). Taken together, as an antagonist against SrtA and LLO, baicalein can be further developed into a biotherapeutic agent for listeriosis.
Modeling and optimization of ultrasound‐assisted cinnamon extraction process using fuzzy and response surface models
Authors: Cebi Nur , Sagdic Osman , Basahel Abdulrahman Mohammed , Balubaid Mohammed Abdullah , Taylan Osman , Yaman Mustafa , Yilmaz Mustafa Tahsin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis work was undertaken to assess and model the influence of ethanol concentration (0–96 v/v %), extraction temperature (40–80 °C) and extraction time (20–60 min) on total phenolic content (TPC) values of ultrasound‐assisted extracts using response surface methodology (RSM) and fuzzy models. Both models exhibited good estimations; however, the outcomes of the fuzzy model were marginally more accurate. The maximization of TPC (149.3 mg GAE/g dry weight) was therefore performed based on fuzzy optimization which corresponded to ethanol concentration of 72%, extraction time of 50 min and temperature of 70 °C. For this reason, the cinnamon extract samples with maximum TPC calculated by using the fuzzy modeling were analyzed and characterized in terms of molecular (FT‐IR) and compositional (HPLC) properties. The FTIR results revealed characteristic bands while HPLC analysis indicated presence of two major components; trans‐cinnamic acid (41 mg/g) and p‐coumaric acid (2 mg/g) contents. These results verified that the fuzzy model is an effectual tool to model and optimize TPC of ultrasound‐assisted cinnamon extract.Practical applicationsIn the food industry, it is always necessary to design and develop novel functional foods, food supplements, or innovative health‐healing products using functional additives or extracts such as phenolic‐rich cinnamon extracts. The employment of novel process engineering techniques like ultrasound technology to extract valuable functional compounds like phenolics increases extraction efficiency and enhances the functionality of such compounds, offering a more cost‐effective process. In this respect, it is of great importance to discover and determine the optimized conditions for processing of phenolics with the maximum phenolic yield. Therefore, employment of predictive methods in different food processes has been regarded as suitable tools to enhance efficiency of the processes and quality of the final product. In this respect, the fuzzy model as a novel predictive analytic tool, along with response surface methodology (RSM) are applied and compared in this study. The fuzzy model established to be more effective prediction tool was applied to model and optimize extraction process parameters with respect to achievement of maximum phenolics yield. Therefore, optimization and estimation of the optimized conditions of phenolic extraction is assumed to improve the quality of the extracted phenolics and to increase performance of the extraction process with the maximum yield by application extraction process parameters.
Mood impairment is stronger in young than in older adults after sleep deprivation
Authors: Schwarz Johanna , Axelsson John , Gerhardsson Andreas , Tamm Sandra , Fischer Håkan , Kecklund Göran , Åkerstedt Torbjörn 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSleep deprivation commonly impairs affective regulation and causes worse mood. However, the majority of previous research concerns young adults. Because susceptibility to sleep deprivation and emotion regulation change distinctively across adult age, we tested here the hypothesis that the effect of sleep deprivation on mood is stronger in young than in older adults. In an experimental design, young (18–30 years) and older adults (60–72 years) participated in either a sleep control (young, n = 63; older, n = 47) or a total sleep deprivation condition (young, n = 61; older, n = 47). Sleepiness, mood and common symptoms of sleep deprivation were measured using established questionnaires and ratings. Sleep‐deprived participants felt more sleepy, stressed and cold, and reported lower vigour and positive affect, regardless of age. All the other outcome measures (negative affect, depression, confusion, tension, anger, fatigue, total mood disturbance, hunger, cognitive attenuation, irritability) showed a weaker response to sleep deprivation in the older group, as indicated by age*sleep deprivation interactions (ps < 0.05). The results show that older adults are emotionally less affected by sleep deprivation than young adults. This tolerance was mainly related to an attenuated increase in negative mood. This could possibly be related to the well‐known positivity effect, which suggests that older adults prioritize regulating their emotions to optimize well‐being. The results also highlight that caution is warranted when generalizing results from sleep deprivation studies across the adult lifespan.
Tulathromycin enhances humoral but not cellular immune response in pigs vaccinated against swine influenza
Authors: Pomorska‐Mól Małgorzata , Kwit Krzysztof , Czyżewska‐Dors Ewelina , Pejsak Zygmunt 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe effect of a standard, single dose therapy with tulathromycin was investigated on the postvaccinal humoral and cellular immune response in pigs vaccinated against swine influenza. Forty‐five pigs, divided into 3 groups, were used (control not vaccinated (C, n = 15), control vaccinated (CV, n = 15), and experimentally received tulathromycin (TUL, n = 15)). For vaccination of pigs, an inactivated, commercial vaccine was used. Pigs from TUL group received single dose of tulathromycin intramuscularly, at the recommended dose (2.5 mg/kg body weight). Pigs from TUL and CV groups were vaccinated at 8 and 10 weeks of age. The specific humoral and cellular immune response against swine influenza virus (SIV) was evaluated. The results of present study showed that humoral postvaccinal response after vaccination against SIV can be modulated by treatment with tulathromycin. In pigs from TUL group, the significantly higher titers of anti‐SIV‐specific antibodies were observed 4 and 6 weeks after booster dose of vaccine. Simultaneously, T‐cell‐mediated immune response against SIV was not affected by tulathromycin. Our recent study confirmed the importance of defining the modulatory activity of tulathromycin because of its influence on the immune response to vaccines. Since the antibodies against hemagglutinin are crucial for the protection against SIV, the present observations should prompt further studies on the practical significance of recent results in terms of clinical implications (postvaccinal protection) in the field conditions.
Design, development, and evaluation of the Maternal Outcomes and Nutrition Tool (MONT)
Authors: McAlpine Janelle M. , Perkins Anthony V. , Vanderlelie Jessica J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSuboptimal nutrition has been largely associated with poorer perinatal outcomes. However, an inability to compare data between biologically and geographically diverse cohorts has complicated determination of the role of diet in such conditions. The aim of this paper is to describe the design, development, and evaluation of the Maternal Outcomes and Nutrition Tool (MONT), a novel cross‐cultural digital dietary data collection tool. The tool was modelled on previously validated food frequency questionnaires and designed for exclusive administration in the digital environment, featuring minimal language and emphasis on images. Participants were recruited by both passive and active means. A total of 502 women were recruited; descriptive statistics were used to describe the cohort. Pregnant women constituted the majority of subjects recruited (n = 376, 74.9%), 63% of which were nulliparous. Women were recruited from 13 ethnicities and 20 countries of birth. Of the 341 women who commenced the surveys (68%), 114 submitted complete datasets (33.5%). Maintenance and recruitment costs equated to $5.64 per completion. Total processing and analysis time for the pilot dataset equated to 12 s per survey. The MONT was used successfully by women from a variety of continents and cultures and proved to be practical and economical in terms resource management.