bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agir syndicalement en Europe. La CES, un espace pour l’action collective ?
Authors: Pernot Jean-Marie 
Published: May 2019

L’article retrace les différentes étapes de construction de la Confédération européenne des syndicats (CES) en lien, notamment, avec les étapes de la construction européenne. La captation libérale du processus de l’Union européenne (UE) prive l’organisation européenne des syndicats d’un moyen de construire une légitimité inscrite dans les institutions. Sans doute convient-il d’aborder l’espace syndical européen sous un autre jour, prenant en compte les acquis organisationnels que représente la Confédération européenne mais aussi la nécessité d’un engagement plus conséquent de ses affiliés. Dès lors, la CES peut être considérée non pas comme un simple appendice des institutions européennes mais comme un des outils possibles situé au cœur d’un réseau permettant l’établissement d’une puissance d’agir syndical sur l’espace de l’UE.
CRTAM Shapes the Gut Microbiota and Enhances the Severity of Infection
Authors: Perez-Lopez Araceli , Nuccio Sean-Paul , Ushach Irina , Edwards Robert A. , Pahu Rachna , Silva Steven , Zlotnik Albert , Raffatellu Manuela 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Gut lymphocytes and the microbiota establish a reciprocal relationship that impacts the host immune response. Class I–restricted T cell–associated molecule (CRTAM) is a cell adhesion molecule expressed by intraepithelial T cells and is required for their retention in the gut. In this study, we show that CRTAM expression affects gut microbiota composition under homeostatic conditions. Moreover, Crtam−/− mice infected with the intestinal pathogen Salmonella exhibit reduced Th17 responses, lower levels of inflammation, and reduced Salmonella burden, which is accompanied by expansion of other microbial taxa. Thus, CRTAM enhances susceptibility to Salmonella, likely by promoting the inflammatory response that promotes the pathogen’s growth. We also found that the gut microbiota from wild-type mice, but not from Crtam−/− mice, induces CRTAM expression and Th17 responses in ex–germ-free mice during Salmonella infection. Our study demonstrates a reciprocal relationship between CRTAM expression and the gut microbiota, which ultimately impacts the host response to enteric pathogens.
Labour market interventions to assist the unemployed in two townships in South Africa
Authors: Paver Rachéle , Rothmann Sebastiaan , Van den Broeck Anja , De Witte Hans 
Published: May 2019

Orientation: Given the absence of organised and accessible information on programmes relating to unemployment in South Africa, it may be difficult for beneficiaries to derive value from existing programmes; and for stakeholders to identify possible gaps in order to direct their initiatives accordingly.Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a review of existing employment initiatives within two low-income communities in South Africa, with the aim of identifying possible gaps in better addressing the needs of the unemployed.Motivation for the study: Unemployment in South Africa does not appear to be the result of a lack of initiatives or a lack of stakeholder involvement, but rather the result of haphazard implementation of interventions. In order to intervene more effectively, addressing the identified gaps, organising and better distribution of information for beneficiaries is suggested.Research approach, design and method: The data were collected via documentary research complemented with structured interviews. Relevant documents (N = 166) and participants (N = 610) were consulted during the data collection phase, using convenience and purposive sampling.Main findings: A total of 496 unemployment programmes were identified. Most of the interventions were implemented by the government. Vocational training followed by enterprise development and business skills training were the most implemented programmes. Less than 6% of programmes contained psychosocial aspects that are necessary to help the unemployed deal with the psychological consequences of unemployment. Finally, in general, benefactors involved in alleviating unemployment seem unaware of employment initiatives in their communities.Practical and managerial implications: The compilation of an inventory of employment programmes may be valuable, as it will assist in identifying the most prominent needs of the South African labour market.Contribution or value-add: This study contributes to scientific knowledge regarding the availability of existing unemployment programmes, projects and interventions, and the need for specific interventions.
Is de Klimaatwet ‘Urgenda-proof’?
Authors: Smolders T. (Tom) 
Published: May 2019

Is de Klimaatwet ‘Urgenda-proof’?
In deze bijdrage wordt de onderbouwing van het wetsvoorstel voor een Klimaatwet vergeleken met de uitspraak van het Gerechtshof Den Haag in de zaak tussen de Nederlandse Staat en Urgenda over het klimaatbeleid.
Klimaatverandering: zullen we het eens hebben over de feiten?
Authors: van den Berg J.M. (Koos) 
Published: May 2019

Klimaatverandering: zullen we het eens hebben over de feiten?
In deze bijdrage gaat de auteur in op het feitencomplex achter drie elementen uit de Urgenda-uitspraak van het Gerechtshof Den Haag. Het gaat om de noodzaak om de temperatuurstijging te beperken tot twee graden, de invloed die Nederlandse emissies op wereldschaal hebben, en de kosten van emissiereducerende maatregelen.
Een buitengerechtelijke procedure voor zuivere bestuursgeschillen?
Authors: de Graaf K.J. (Kars) , Marseille A.T. (Bert) , Wever M. (Marc) 
Published: May 2019

Een buitengerechtelijke procedure voor zuivere bestuursgeschillen?
In deze bijdrage doen de auteurs verslag van een onderzoek naar bestuursgeschillen die in opdracht van het Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties is uitgevoerd.
Linear versus Torsional Phacoemulsification: A Comparative Study
Authors: Mehra Rohan , Gupta Manisha , Shakeel Tarannum , Dasgupta Sushobhan 
Published: May 2019

Purpose:
The purpose of the study is to compare the efficacy between Linear and Torsional Phacoemulsification and the impact on the outcome of surgery based on corneal endothelial cell count, central corneal thickness, post operative inflammation and visual acuity.

Methods:
Patients having senile cataract with grade NS2-NS3 according to Lens Opacities Classification System III were included. Exclusion criteria included any disease that could hamper vision other than cataract. 108 eyes of 108 patients were studied. Of these, 54 patients were operated by the Torsional technique and 54 patients by the linear technique. Pre operative and post operative Day 1, Day 7, Day 15, Day 28 readings were taken.

Results:
The mean age of patients was 60.54 ± 7.06 (SD) years. On postoperative day 28, the endothelial cell loss was less in patients of torsional phacoemulsification technique (97.41 ± 28.61) as compared to linear technique (99.04 ± 26.09) (difference was not significant). Similarly, central corneal thickness in patients of torsional phacoemulsification technique (26.80 ± 11.07) on day 28 was statistically same as those who underwent linear technique (27.37± 6.76). 7.4% patients in the linear group and 7.4% patients in the torsional group had postoperative inflammation on day 1, which resolved on subsequent visits. BCVA on postoperative day 1 in patients of torsional group was 6/9 whereas linear group was 6/12.

Conclusion:
The torsional technique gives faster visual recovery than the linear technique. Although there was no statistically significant difference in terms of visual acuity, endothelial cell loss, postoperative corneal edema and postoperative inflammation between the two techniques as compared preoperatively and on post operative day 28.
Epithelial Basement Membrane Dystrophy and Visual Rehabilitation Using Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lenses: A Case Report
Authors: Chukwuemeka Obinwanne , Taneja Mukesh 
Published: May 2019

A 45 year old Indian male presented with complaints of monocular diplopia, blurry vision and burning sensation in each eye. On initial slit lamp biomicroscopy evaluation no overt abnormality was noted, but on instillation of sodium fluorescein dye a floral pattern was noted. After careful evaluation of the cornea using the iris retro-illumination technique, this so called floral pattern was found to be centrally located maps, dots and finger print patterns. Corneal topography confirmed the presence of astigmatism which had an irregular pattern in the left eye and on anterior segment optical coherence tomography sub epithelial linear hyper-reflectivity was noted in both eyes. The patient was diagnosed with epithelial basement membrane dystrophy.
He was managed conservatively with lubricants and rigid gas permeable contact lenses were prescribed to correct the astigmatism and corneal irregularity making use of fitting characteristics specific to the nature of the condition which completely resolved the patients symptoms.
Bilateral Disciform Keratitis with Immune Corneal Ring in a Patient with HLA-B27 Positive Reactive Arthritis
Authors: Narayanan Niveditha , Murthy Pavani 
Published: May 2019

Purpose:
To report a presentation of bilateral disciform keratitis with immune corneal ring in a young male with HLA B 27 positive reactive arthritis.

Case Report:
A 21 year old man suffered an attack of bacterial UTI a month back with concurrent self-limited bilateral scleritis for 3 days. A week later, he developed multiple joint aches and a rheumatologist diagnosed HLAB27 associated reactive arthritis for the first time, though he had occasional mild joint aches for 8 years and was on irregular aurvedic medication. Specific treatment led to remission of arthritis. About 2 weeks later, he had second episode of bilateral red eye with blurry vision along with self-limited genital ulcer. With no improvement using topical and systemic antivirals for 3 days, he reported to us with bilateral disciform keratitis with incomplete immune rings. Preliminary smear reports of corneal scraping and conjunctival swab were negative and the patient was started on topical antibiotics and later tapering dose of topical steroids were added that led to complete resolution in 45 days.

Conclusion:
This is the first report of immune corneal ring in bilateral disciform keratitis in a patient with HLAB27 positive reactive arthritis to the best of our knowledge.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices about Glaucoma among Glaucoma Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Goa
Authors: Raiturcar Tanvi Poy , Cacodcar Jagadish A. , Vernekar Preksha 
Published: May 2019

Background:
The global prevalence of glaucoma is about 67 million, and it is responsible for 6.6 million blind individuals in the world. It is important that the patients are fully aware of the nature of the disease and importance of adherence to therapy in order to prevent irreversible damage. We conducted this study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices about glaucoma among patients suffering from glaucoma.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted among 200 consecutive glaucoma patients presenting to the out-patient department at Goa Medical College and Hospital. The patients were administered a pre-tested proforma which contained 12 closed-ended questions by study investigators, in order to assess their knowledge, attitude and practices about glaucoma. The demographic and socio-economic details of the study participants were also studied.

Statistical Analysis:
SPSS version 22 and expressed as simple percentages and proportions.

Results:
The study showed that 79% patients were aware that they were suffering from glaucoma, 10% participants could briefly describe their disease, 66% were aware of the irreversible nature of glaucoma, 18% were aware of the familial nature of the disease, 56% felt the need for regular medications, 22% felt the need for regular visits to the ophthalmologist, 72% were using the antiglaucoma medications regularly, and 70% were following up regularly. Only 32% had brought their family members for glaucoma screening.

Conclusion:
Irreversible damage from glaucoma can be prevented with early detection and patient compliance. This is only possible by increasing the level of awareness about glaucoma and health education.
Responses of Cucumber Fruit to Aqueous 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) Application
Authors: Ergun Muharrem , Kareem Najat Ghareeb 
Published: May 2019

Aims: The objectives of the present study were to evaluate effects of aqueous 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on quality of cucumber fruit, and to compare with/to gaseous 1-MCP and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) applications.
Study Design: A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was set up for the experiment.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Horticulture, Bingol University, Turkey; between September - December 2017.
Methodology: Cucumber fruits (ErdemliF1) were either treated with aqueous or gaseous 1-MCP (1 ppm), or left untreated for MAP storage or controls. The fruits were afterwards put into PET clamshell containers except for MAP application and stored 23 ± 1°C for 10 days for simulating retail shelf-life conditions. Samples of cucumbers were then tested periodically to record changes in quality as determined by weight loss, firmness, color, gas composition (O2, CO2 and N2), total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, chlorophyll content, and decay during the storage time.
Results: Neither aqueous nor gaseous 1-MCP application had a significant effect on weight or firmness loss. According to peel color values recording during the storage period, there were no significant differences among the treatments. Total soluble solids, pH or titratable acidity did not show a significant change or variation among treatments during the storage. Fruits stored in modified atmosphere packages showed higher chlorophyll a amount than fruit treated with 1-MCP.
Conclusion: The study revealed that neither aqueous 1-MCP application nor gaseous 1-MCP application is effective for retaining quality loses and consequently for extending shelf life of the cucumbers kept at 23°C.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Production of Alkaline Protease by OVAT Method Using Isolated Strain Alternaria alternata TUSGF1
Authors: Polley Tapasi , Ghosh Uma 
Published: May 2019

Aim: The current study aimed at studying the optimum fermentation conditions and nutritional conditions for alkaline protease production by submerge fermentation using Alternaria alternata TUSGF1, isolated from poultry farm soil.
Study Design: The results of environmental and nutritional parameters for protease production by OVAT method was analyzed by origin 6.1 software.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India between March 2017 and May 2017.
Methodology: A protease producing microorganism was isolated from a poultry farm soil and identified as Alternaria alternata TUSGF1. Various environmental and nutritional process parameters such as volume of medium, fermentation time, temperature, age of inoculums, agitation and carbon sources and nitrogen sources were standardized for the maximum yield of alkaline protease.
Results: The optimum conditions of protease activity was 30°C at volume of medium 60 ml with 7 days age of inoculum in the medium containing 168 h of incubation and 120 rpm agitation rate. Peptone, casien, skimmed milk, urea and yeast extract were good nitrogen sources whilst maltose, fructose, starch, and sucrose were appropriate for enzyme production by submerge fermentation.
Conclusion: Alkaline protease production by a newly isolated Alternaria alternata TUSGF1 from poultry farm soil was studied in shake flask conditions by submerge fermentation. It was established that the optimum protease production was recorded at 30°C, 60 ml volume of medium leaves and incubation time of 168 h. The best carbon and nitrogen sources for protease production were fructose and casein, respectively.
Comparative Analysis of Health Risk Associated with Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde in Public and Private Mortuaries in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Roland Obed-Whyte, , Douglas K. E. , Alice Nte, 
Published: May 2019

Background: Formaldehyde (FA) is a well-known chemical widely used in mortuaries in Nigeria for the preservation of human cadavers, yet little is known of the potential health risk associated with occupational exposure to formaldehyde in mortuaries. This study evaluated the potential health risk associated with occupational exposure to formaldehyde in mortuaries in Rivers State, Nigeria.
Methodology: The study was carried out in 7 public and 8 private mortuaries and the concentrations of formaldehyde to which the morticians are exposed were measured during the embalmment process. Modeling of health related risk was carried out in accordance with methods recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA).
Results: The results showed that the lethal concentrations of formaldehyde in the mortuaries far exceeded the “No Significant Risk Levels” (LC50 = 3.3 ppm for public mortuaries; and 3.46 ppm for private mortuaries). Analysis showed that 77.2% of workers in the public mortuaries have high daily formaldehyde exposure index, while 88.24% of the workers in the private mortuaries have high daily formaldehyde exposure index. The difference between the formaldehyde daily exposure index and daily potential dose in public and private mortuaries was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Computed hazard quotients for both public and private were 1.25 and 3.0 respectively (> 1). Computed cancer related risk values for public and private mortuaries were 1.5x10-3 and 1.9x10-3 respectively.
Conclusion: The study showed that embalmers in both the public and private mortuaries in Rivers State occupationally exposed to formaldehyde have significant risk of developing carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic related health problems. It is therefore, recommended that operators of mortuaries and Rivers State Government should provide FA monitoring device and continuous health education for workers.
Efficacy of Tithonia diversifolia and Momordica charantia Leaves Extracts against Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae Gile (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Ileke K. D. , Obimakinde E. T. , Anthony C. M. , Olayinka-Olagunju J. O. 
Published: May 2019

Aim: Resistance of mosquito vectors and harmful effects of chemicals on human and its environment have been major problems encountered in vector control through the use of synthetic insecticides, thus there is a need for alternative insecticides of plant derivatives. This research is aimed at using extracts of Tithonia diversifolia and Momordica charantia against the developmental stages of Anopheles gambiae.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted at the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria between the months of March to June, 2017.
Methodology: Larvae and pupae of Anopheles gambiae were reared in the laboratory at ambient temperature of 28±2°C and relative humidity of 75±5%. The leave extracts of T. diversifolia and M. charantia were extracted with methanol and were prepared at concentrations, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%. The larvae and pupae of A. gambiae were exposed to these concentrations of the plant extract for 24 hours. Mortality of the larvae and pupae was monitored and recorded. Probit analysis was used to determine the LC50.
Results: Date of this research revealed that at all levels of concentrations, mortality of both the larvae and pupae of this insect increased with increase in the concentrations regardless the type of plant extract used. The leave extract of T. diversifolia having a lower value of LC50 (larvae: 0.20%; Pupae: 0.27%) was more potent than extract from M. charantia having a higher value of LC50 (larvae: 0.31%; Pupae: 0.44%) after 24 hours Post Treatment of larvae and pupae of A. gambiae. T. diversifolia had significant effect on the larvae of A. gambiae with percentage mortality ranges from 23.33-100% within 24 hrs of exposure when compared with M. charantia that had 16.67-100% of mortality larvae of A. gambiae.
Conclusion: The obtained results from this research revealed that extracts from the two plants exhibited great insecticidal properties against larvae and pupae of A. gambiae. Therefore, more exploration on the use of these plants for the development of insecticides at commercial level should be done.
Protective Role of Lycopene on Hormonal Profile and Posttesticular Functions of Male Rat Exposed to Sublethal Doses of Cyermethrin
Authors: Obulor Adetutu Olubunmi , Orlu Eme Efioanwan 
Published: May 2019

Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the Protective role of Lycopene on hormonal profile and posttesticular functions of male rats exposed to sublethal doses of Cypermethrin.
Study Design: The study was a completely randomized design employing relevant statistical tools for analysis and interpretation.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Reproductive Physiology and Genetics Research Laboratory of the Department of Applied and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University, Rivers State. The experiment lasted for 35 days.
Methodology: For the sperm morphology assay, sperm reserves and hormonal profiling, semen samples were drawn from the caudal epididymis with a syringe and placed on a clean glass slide. A drop of freshly prepared eosin-Y was added to make a thin smear and examined under the microscope for morphological abnormalities. A portion of the testis and epididymidis was homogenized separately with sharp pointed scissors in normal (physiological) saline. The suspension was mixed and strained through a double layer of sterile cheese cloth into graduated test tubes. All the samples were covered and stored for 24 hours at 40C. A dilution was made for counting in Neubauer haemocytometer. The hormonal concentration was determined using the Randox Monza Laboratories assay kit from Co-Atrim, United Kingdom.
Results: Results of oral administration of Cypermethrin and co-administration of lycopene in rats showed Group G co-administered pure Lycopene had the lowest sperm head abnormalities of 3.5%, group B administered Cypermethrin only had the highest head abnormalities of 44.7%. Similarly, Group G, co-administered pure Lycopene had the lowest percentage of tail abnormalities of 10.1% while Group B had the highest percentage of sperm tail abnormalities of 32.4%. There was a was significant (p<0.001) decrease in concentration of all androgens considered in group B administered Cypermethrin only.
Conclusion: Exposure to Cypermethrin only as in group B disrupted the production of all androgens considered, increased the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa, reduced sperm motility, viability and sperm reserves. However, results recorded from the co-administration of Solanum lycopersicum and pure lycopene, in groups C-G indicate the protective role of this potent antioxidant on spermatogenesis and hormonal profile.