bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of machine learning versus the national early warning score for predicting patient deterioration risk: a single-site study of emergency admissions
Authors: Watson Matthew , Boulitsakis Logothetis Stelios , Green Darren , Holland Mark , Chambers Pinkie , Al Moubayed Noura 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesIncreasing operational pressures on emergency departments (ED) make it imperative to quickly and accurately identify patients requiring urgent clinical intervention. The widespread adoption of electronic health records (EHR) makes rich feature patient data sets more readily available. These large data stores lend themselves to use in modern machine learning (ML) models. This paper investigates the use of transformer-based models to identify critical deterioration in unplanned ED admissions, using free-text fields, such as triage notes, and tabular data, including early warning scores (EWS).DesignA retrospective ML study.SettingA large ED in a UK university teaching hospital.MethodsWe extracted rich feature sets of routine clinical data from the EHR and systematically measured the performance of tree- and transformer-based models for predicting patient mortality or admission to critical care within 24 hours of presentation to ED. We compared our proposed models to the National EWS (NEWS).ResultsModels were trained on 174 393 admission records. We found that models including free-text triage notes outperform structured tabular data models, achieving an average precision of 0.92, compared with 0.75 for tree-based models and 0.12 for NEWS.ConclusionsOur findings suggests that machine learning models using free-text data have the potential to improve clinical decision-making in the ED; our techniques significantly reduce alert rate while detecting most high-risk patients missed by NEWS.
Retinal detachments secondary to inferior retinal breaks: anatomic outcomes following the use of different surgical techniques
Authors: Bernardi Enrico , Ferro Desideri Lorenzo , Artemiev Dmitri , Zinkernagel Martin , Anguita Rodrigo 
Published: December 2024

PurposeTo compare the anatomical and functional outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) alone versus PPV with the addition of a scleral buckle in treating inferior rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs).MethodsComparative, retrospective cohort study including patients who were diagnosed with primary inferior RRD, defined as RRD with one or more retinal tears located between 4 and 8 hours, and divided into two treatment groups. Group 1 patients were treated with PPV and gas tamponade alone, whereas group 2 patients were treated with PPV, gas tamponade and the addition of an encirclement band. Demographic and clinical features were collected, and surgical outcomes of both groups were analysed. A univariable logistic regression model evaluated the factors influencing surgical success.ResultsA total of 161 eyes were included in the study. The average age at diagnosis was 64.1 years. There was a male predominance (66.5%), and most patients had macula-off detachments (54%). Group 1 included 75 eyes (43.1%), whereas group 2 included 86 eyes (56.9%). Baseline best-corrected visual acuity was 1.00 logMAR, improving to 0.62 logMAR at the last visit (p=0.003). No significant difference in primary success rate was observed between the two groups (86.0% with encirclement band vs 80.0% without; p=0.3). The mean follow-up period was 29 weeks (SD 39).ConclusionsPPV alone may be as effective as PPV with an encirclement band when treating inferior RRDs. The choice of tamponade does not appear to significantly influence anatomical success, and short-acting gas can be considered sufficient for favourable outcomes.
Municipal breast and colorectal–anal cancer mortality in Sardinia, Italy from 2012 to 2020: application of a hierarchical Bayesian method
Authors: Russo Antonello , Belotti Laura Maria Beatrice , Gianicolo Emilio AL 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundExcess mortality rates for breast cancer and colorectal–anal cancer in Sardinia are reported in the literature. The aim of the study is to analyse mortality for both cancer entities in Sardinian at municipality level.MethodsSex-specific mortality rates by region and municipality of residence were computed using data from the Italian National Institute of Statistics for the years 2012–2020. Causes of death for malignant breast cancer in women and colorectal–anal cancer in both genders were analysed. The epidemiological analysis was based on the direct and indirect standardisation method. To obtain better interpretable maps of the distribution of relative risk (RR) of mortality, the hierarchical Bayesian Poisson-Gamma method was used.ResultsWith regard to breast cancer mortality in women, RRs showed an excess of mortality at the municipal level in four municipalities. In relation to colorectal–anal cancer, RRs showed an excess mortality in four municipalities for men and in three municipalities when considering the total population. At the health-district level, an excess mortality was observed in 1 out 24 districts for colorectal–anal cancer, in both men and the total population.ConclusionThis study provides an analysis of mortality at the municipal level for breast cancer and colorectal–anal cancer in Sardinia. It is recommended that the Sardinian regional authorities act on modifiable risk factors, like increasing the screening coverages for both neoplasms, in order to reduce the burden of both diseases.
Inequalities in local government expenditure on environmental and regulatory services in England from 2009 to 2020: a longitudinal ecological study
Authors: Murrell Lauren , Fahy Katie , Clough Helen E , Gibb Roger , Zhang Xingna , Chattaway Marie Anne , Green Mark Alan , Buchan Iain Edward , Barr Ben , Hungerford Daniel 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundGastrointestinal (GI) infections affect one in five people in the UK and local authorities play a crucial role in controlling these infections. However, there have been substantial reductions in funding for environmental and regulatory (ER) services that enable GI infectious disease prevention and control via food safety and infection control (FSIC) services. This study investigates how local funding cuts to these services have varied across England to understand the potential consequences of inequalities in GI infections.MethodsWe carried out a longitudinal observational ecological study, using a panel of annual data between 2009/2010 and 2020/2021. Analysis of ER service expenditure and FSIC service expenditure included 312 and 303 local authorities respectively. Generalised estimating equation models were used to estimate the annual per cent change of ER service expenditure between 2009/2010 and 2020/2021 in addition to FSIC expenditure change overall, and as a share of total ER expenditure. Models analysed trends by local authority structure, population density and deprivation level.ResultsER services saw the largest cuts in unitary authorities, declining by 1.9%. London boroughs had the greatest reductions in FSIC expenditure, decreasing by 9.9%. Both ER and FSIC expenditure decreased with increasing population density. Areas of higher deprivation had the largest reduction in expenditure, with ER and FSIC cuts of 2.4% and 22.8%, respectively, compared with a 1.2% and 7.5% reduction in the least deprived areas. The share of ER expenditure spent on FSIC decreased by 13.4% in the most deprived authorities compared with 6.3% in the least deprived areas.ConclusionThe unequal distribution of cuts shows the need for increased and equitable investment into these services to enable resilience to emerging infectious disease threats and to prevent the widening of health inequalities.
Autofluorescence Virtual Staining System for H&E Histology and Multiplex Immunofluorescence Applied to Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers in Lung Cancer
Authors: Loo Jessica , Robbins Marc , McNeil Carson , Yoshitake Tadayuki , Santori Charles , Shan Chuanhe (Jay) , Vyawahare Saurabh , Patel Hardik , Wang Tzu Chien , Findlater Robert , Steiner David F. , Rao Sudha , Gutierrez Michael , Wang Yang , Sanchez Adrian C. , Yin Raymund , Velez Vanessa , Sigman Julia S. , Coutinho de Souza Patricia , Chandrupatla Hareesh , Scott Liam , Weaver Shamira S. , Lee Chung-Wein , Rivlin Ehud , Goldenberg Roman , Couto Suzana S. , Cimermancic Peter , Wong Pok Fai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Virtual staining for digital pathology has great potential to enable spatial biology research, improve efficiency and reliability in the clinical workflow, as well as conserve tissue samples in a nondestructive manner. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of generating virtual stains for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and a multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) immuno-oncology panel (DAPI, PanCK, PD-L1, CD3, and CD8) from autofluorescence (AF) images of unstained non–small cell lung cancer tissue by combining high-throughput hyperspectral fluorescence microscopy and machine learning. Using domain-specific computational methods, we evaluated the accuracy of virtual H&E staining for histologic subtyping and virtual mIF for cell segmentation–based measurements, including clinically relevant measurements such as tumor area, T-cell density, and PD-L1 expression (tumor proportion score and combined positive score). The virtual stains reproduce key morphologic features and protein biomarker expressions at both tissue and cell levels compared with real stains, enable the identification of key immune phenotypes important for immuno-oncology, and show moderate to good performance across various evaluation metrics. This study extends our previous work on virtual staining from AF in liver disease and prostate cancer, further demonstrating the generalizability of this deep learning technique to a different disease (lung cancer) and stain modality (mIF).

Significance:
We extend the capabilities of virtual staining from AF to a different disease and stain modality. Our work includes newly developed virtual stains for H&E and a multiplex immunofluorescence panel (DAPI, PanCK, PD-L1, CD3, and CD8) for non–small cell lung cancer, which reproduce the key features of real stains.
Changes in Cerebral Hemodynamics and Progression of Subclinical Vascular Brain Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Ma Yuan , Bos Daniel , Wolters Frank J. , Niessen Wiro , Hofman Albert , Ikram M. Arfan , Vernooij Meike W. 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Cerebral hypoperfusion is associated with vascular brain injury and neurodegeneration, but their longitudinal relationship is largely unknown, especially in healthy older adults.

METHODS:
We investigated the longitudinal relationship between cerebral hemodynamics and subclinical vascular brain disease in community-dwelling older adults without stroke or dementia at baseline. Participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging scans every 3 to 4 years between 2005 and 2016. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured through 2-dimensional phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging; the cerebrovascular resistance index (CVRi) was defined as the ratio of mean arterial blood pressure to total CBF. Simultaneous progression in subclinical brain disease was evaluated through repeated magnetic resonance imaging assessment of white matter hyperintensities (WMH), cerebral microbleeds, lacune, and brain atrophy. The longitudinal relationship was estimated using generalized estimating equations, with adjustment for age, sex, smoking habits, body mass index, systolic blood pressure (for CBF measures), lipid level, history of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and the baseline burden of magnetic resonance imaging markers.

RESULTS:
Among 3623 older adults (mean age, 61.4±9.3 years; 54.6% women), large decreases and increases in CBF and increases in CVRi over time were associated with white matter hyperintensity progression. The risk ratios for white matter hyperintensity progression were 1.36 (95% CI, 1.19–1.55) for large decreases in total CBF (lowest quartile), 1.02 (95% CI, 0.91–1.14) for moderate decreases (second quartile), and 1.28 (95% CI, 1.14–1.45) for large increases (highest quartile), compared with stable CBF (third quartile). The corresponding risk ratios for changes in CVRi were 1.13 (95% CI, 1.00–1.30), 1.25 (95% CI, 1.09–1.43), and 1.33 (95% CI, 1.16–1.52) for the second to fourth (versus lowest) quartiles, respectively, showing a dose-response relationship. The changes in CBF also demonstrate a similar U-shaped association with the progression of brain atrophy and incident microbleeds, whereas increases in CVRi were associated with lower microbleed risk.

CONCLUSIONS:
Longitudinal changes in CBF and CVRi may capture distinct pathophysiologies linking cerebral hemodynamics to subclinical brain disease, extending beyond single–time point measurements.
Digital Minority Religions
Authors: Evolvi Giulia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Religion has always been, to a certain extent, mediated. Communication practices are at the core of religious communities, but it is in recent decades that the rapid developments of media technologies have created new possibilities for interactions about religion. In this context, a focus on religious minorities represents a unique opportunity for scholars to analyze the internet in nuanced ways within the framework of digital religion. Through the analysis of minority groups, the internet can be understood both as a space of empowerment of marginal voices and as a venue that further increases social exclusion. In this editorial I outline previous works that show this double-faced role of the internet for minorities, and I offer some reflections on theoretical perspectives for the future of digital minority religions.
The Humanities in Jesuit Schools 1548–1773
Authors: Grendler Paul F. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The humanities were the most important part of Jesuit education. The Jesuit lower school taught grammar, humanities, and rhetoric to boys and young men in the Society of Jesus and it was free. The goal was to educate boys in the humanities so that they would become adult leaders who would make wise decisions for the common good. Most Jesuit schools were small. Enrollment information for classes in the province of Milan in 1661 offers an example. About seventy-five percent of students in Jesuit schools attended the lower school classes. The Ratio studiorum of 1599 prescribed a humanities curriculum that focused on Golden Age ancient authors especially Cicero and Virgil. However, Jesuit schools did not follow the Ratio studiorum strictly in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. They taught baroque Latin. They taught vernacular languages. They taught little Greek. But they retained the core of the Ratio studiorum.
Capta Vitrix: Virgil at the Collegium Romanum
Authors: Gwynne Paul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
According to several contemporary sources, the Ottoman success at the siege of Nicosia (September 1570) was completely foiled when the fleet shipping the spoils of war to Constantinople was blown out of the water while sailing from the harbour at Famagusta. It seems that a brave captive chose death rather than dishonor as a slave in the harem of Sultan Mehmed ii and fired the gunpowder magazine on board one of the ships blowing it and adjacent vessels in the flotilla to smithereens. A poetic rendition of this event is given by Famiano Strada (1572–1649) in his massive three-book commentary on ancient literature, intended for use in the Jesuit classroom: Prolusiones et paradigmata eloquentiae (Rome, 1617). Here, the story is retold in Virgillian hexameters as a blueprint of heroic behavior for seminarians as they pursue the Jesuit global mission. This article analyzes three short passages and places them within the larger context of Jesuit pedagogy at the Collegium Romanum.
Al-Ḥasan al-Yūsī (d. 1102/1691) on Books, Knowledge Acquisition, and Manuscript Correction in the Seventeenth-Century Maghrib
Authors: Kraneiß Natalie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article examines the practices of textual transmission and correction adopted by seventeenth-century Maghribī scholars, focusing on al-Ḥasan al-Yūsī (d. 1102/1691) and his comprehensive manual al-Qānūn fī aḥkām al-ʿilm wa-aḥkām al-ʿālim wa-aḥkām al-mutaʿallim (The Canon on the Principles of Knowledge and the Rules for the Scholar and the Student). In this work, al-Yūsī reflects on the importance of books in the acquisition and transmission of knowledge, outlines the conditions under which it is permissible to extract knowledge directly from books and argues for the application of strategies of textual criticism developed by ḥadīth scholars. This study examines al-Yūsī’s views on these practices and the role they played in rural Sufi lodges in the Western Maghrib. Examples from the library of the Sufi brotherhood Nāṣiriyya in Tamgrūt, with which al-Yūsī was closely associated, illustrate how these theoretical principles were put into practice. By shedding light on these practices, the article contributes to our understanding of scholarly methods in early modern Islamic intellectual history.
Intersemiotic Translations of Greek Popular Films in the Film Industry and Media
Authors: Kourdis Evangelos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper examines cultural texts and their place in the Greek semiosphere. More particularly, it delves into intersemiotic translations or adaptations or remakes of masterpieces of, the so-called, Golden Age of Greek cinema, which are deeply engraved in the Greek collective cultural memory. These cultural texts assume yet further value many decades after they were created, through three semiotic choices involving a translational dimension: their colourisation, their cinematic adaptation, and their amateur remakes hosted on social media and other internet sites. Assuming that the original texts are located at the centre of the Greek semiosphere, this study aims to show whether these new texts, the metatexts, are placed next to their originals or whether they coexist along the periphery or near the borders of the Greek semiosphere, an element that will determine the extent to which they will be accepted by contemporary Greeks. The study shows that the popularity of new cultural texts, which belong to the comedy genre, is increasing due to the desire of film audiences to participate through these intersemiotic translations (metatexts) in the popularity of the original cultural texts (prototexts) that are considered cultural myths.
“A Literature of Frustration and Failure”: The Anxiety of Indianness in the Making of Sindhi Literature as an Indian Literature
Authors: Wadhwa Soni 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Studies of Partition frequently turn to literature to understand how displacement processes, among other things, impact aesthetics and representation. This article takes a broader view of aesthetics as representation: it demonstrates how turning to the literary archive of a moment and a community gives rise to questions about the politics of individual texts and literary historiography. Centered on Sindhi literature produced in India after Partition, it shows that examining the literary productivity of the community needs to involve questions of literature as political survival. It focuses on the earliest essays from the Sindhi literary scene in India (published in the Sahitya Akademi journal Indian Literature). The article argues that these essays register anxiety about the survival of a language trying to come into being in an already existing and complicated language-nation relationship. It unpacks three registers of anxiety visible in the literary archive to broaden the scope of the conversations around the Sindhi language and its literature.
The health economic analysis of surgery versus rehabilitation in non-traumatic musculoskeletal shoulder disorders: A systematic review of trial-based studies
Authors: Lathiere Thomas , Jaubert Anouck , Lewis Jeremy , David-Tchouda Sandra , Beard David , Pinsault Nicolas 
Published: December 2024

Objective Non-traumatic musculoskeletal shoulder disorders are common. Their treatment, surgical or non-surgical, is associated with a considerable financial burden to health systems. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the cost-effectiveness of surgical or rehabilitative treatments in this population. Data sources PubMed, Embase, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis registry, PEDro Database, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Review methods Trial-based economic evaluations assessing nonoperative and/or operative interventions for the management of non-traumatic shoulder disorders, published from January 2000 to October 2024, were searched. The selection process, data extraction and quality assessment (carried out with the Quality of Health Economic Studies instrument) were independently conducted by two reviewers. Results Four studies (883 patients) were included in the review. Subacromial decompression for rotator cuff-related shoulder pain was found not to be cost-effective when compared with physiotherapy. Although it was not as cost-effective, Physiotherapy could be a socially beneficial alternative to mobilisation under anaesthesia in the early management of a frozen shoulder, due to lower costs and the delays in accessing surgical management in the pain-predominant phase. Productivity loss was the main driver of costs. It was not possible to determine the cost-effectiveness of other shoulder-related disorders due to sparsity of evidence. Conclusion Priority should be given to interventions that reduce productivity loss and facilitate patients’ return to work as soon as possible. There is a definite need for multiplication and standardization of high-quality economic studies (and the trials they are based on) regarding the management of non-traumatic musculoskeletal shoulder disorders.
Automated ultrasonographic pupillary assessment: a new neuro-ophthalmological assessment tool
Authors: Chen Weiting , Tang Min , Jin Yaling , Chen Lihui , Lin Jiuzhou , Yang Xuelin 
Published: December 2024

Objective To evaluate correlations between ultrasonographic pupillary assessment (UPA) and automated UPA in neurocritical patients. Methods This was a prospective, observational study of 20 adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit with neurological pathology. Between UPA and automated UPA, 40 pupillary measurements were made. The time required to conduct UPA and automated UPA on a single patient was consistently < 3 minutes. Automated UPA required a markedly shorter operational time than UPA. Results There were strong positive associations between UPA and automated UPA measurements, with the following correlations: right eye at rest, r = 0.9973; left eye at rest, r = 0.9989; right eye post-pupillary light response, r = 0.9975; left eye post-pupillary light response, r = 0.9955. Bland–Altman analyses confirmed the strong agreement between the two methods under both conditions, with most measurements falling within the limits of agreement. Both the right and left pupillary diameters at rest demonstrated consistency, and the post-pupillary light response measurements for both eyes indicated good agreement, with a few outliers. Conclusions Automated UPA was strongly correlated with UPA in neurocritical patients. Automated UPA is a rapid, feasible, and noninvasive method that enables the precise evaluation of pupillary size and light response.