bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological width establishment around dental implants is influenced by abutment height irrespective of vertical mucosal thickness: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Spinato Sergio , Stacchi Claudio , Lombardi Teresa , Bernardello Fabio , Messina Marcello , Zaffe Davide 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveProsthetic abutment height and peri‐implant mucosal thickness are considered factors that influence marginal bone remodeling during biological width establishment around dental implants. However, no clinical studies have evaluated their simultaneous effect on marginal bone loss (MBL). This study analyzes the influence of abutment height on MBL around implants surrounded by both thin and thick mucosa up to 12 months after prosthetic loading.Material and methodsSeventy platform‐switched implants with internal hex were placed equicrestally in two groups of patients with different vertical mucosal thickness: thin (≤2.0 mm) and thick mucosa (>2.0 mm). After three months of submerged healing, prosthetic abutments with a height of 1 mm (short) or 3 mm (long) were randomly assigned for single crown screwed restoration in both groups. MBL was evaluated on radiographs taken at implant placement (T0), restoration delivery (T1), and after 6 months (T2) and 12 months (T3) of loading.ResultsAfter 12 months of loading, 66 implants were functioning (two dropouts, two failures), resulting in a 97% survival rate. Compared with T0, mean MBL at T3 ranged between 0.59 and 0.80 mm in short abutment groups and between 0.28 and 0.37 mm in long abutment groups. Differences resulted statistically significant, irrespective of vertical peri‐implant mucosal thickness. The MBL pattern over time showed the greatest amount of bone resorption in the first 6 months after loading, particularly around implants with short abutments.ConclusionsPlatform‐switched implants restored with short abutments present greater marginal bone loss than identical implants with long abutments, without significant peri‐implant mucosal thickness effects.
Allochrony as a potential driver for reproductive isolation in adaptive radiations of European whitefish ecomorphs
Authors: Bitz‐Thorsen Julie , Häkli Katja , Bhat Shripathi , Præbel Kim 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn northern Fennoscandian lakes, monophylogenetic lineages of postglacial fishes are radiating into several adaptive forms, but the speciation process is still at an incipient stage. The speciation process has received increased attention over the years, but the underlying mechanisms and drivers are still debated and poorly understood. European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus[L.]) is the most abundant fish species in these lakes and has evolved into several ecomorphs adapted to different trophic niches and habitats. Genetic divergence has been observed among these ecomorphs, but the mechanism(s) responsible for the ongoing build‐up of reproductive isolation has still to be revealed. As these systems are young in evolutionary time (<10 kyr), prezygotic and postzygotic extrinsic isolation mechanisms are thought to be more likely to contribute to the reproductive isolation than intrinsic isolation mechanisms. We determined the gonadosomatic index (GSI) of three ecomorphs in two replicated lake systems and used GSI as a proxy to investigate the prezygotic isolation mechanism, allochrony, as a driving factor of divergence in this adaptive radiation of whitefish. We found that the three ecomorphs differed in GSI values within and between lakes, suggesting different spawning times of the ecomorphs. We also show that males of one ecomorph had equal onset of maturity as another ecomorph, giving novel insights into the ongoing gene flow observed between ecomorphs. The result supports allochrony as a driver for the divergence process of whitefish ecomorphs, but more evidence is still needed to rule out that the three ecomorphs make use of different spawning grounds.
Attenuation of negative effects of senescence in human skin using an extract from Sphingomonas hydrophobicum: development of new skin care solution
Authors: Gervason S. , Napoli M. , Dreux‐Zhiga A. , Lazzarelli C. , Garcier S. , Briand A. , Albouy M. , Thepot A. , Berthon J. Y. , Filaire E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveIntrinsic skin ageing is mainly caused by cellular senescence. p16 and p21 are two important tumour suppressor proteins that play essential roles during cell proliferation and ageing through regulating the expression of several genes. Moreover, physical changes between the ages of 55 and 60 years affect one's physical and disrupt self‐esteem. The cosmetics industry has focused on bioactive substances derived from natural products such as plants, mushrooms and marine algae to counteract the deleterious effect on skin senescence. Besides these products, compounds produced by bacteria may decelerate individual senescence.MethodsIn order to evaluate the potential benefits of bacteria extract over skin ageing, we investigated whether a Sphingomonas hydrophobicum (SH) extract is able to protect our skin against senescence mechanisms. We used an ageing full‐thickness skin equivalent model, which was treated or not with the bacteria extract in a systemic way for 42 days. p21 and p16 and senescence‐associated galactosidase activity were used to detect cellular senescence with immunohistology. Using a psychobiological approach, we evaluated in vivo the effect of SH extract on self‐esteem, isotropy and suppleness.ResultsSphingomonas extract significantly suppressed senescence associated with β‐galactosidase activation. It also significantly inhibited the expression of cell cycle inhibitors (p21 and p16). At the same time, the bacteria extract has a significant positive impact on the issue by increasing the expression of versican and fibrillin‐1. Significant improvements of self‐esteem were reported after 56 days of SH extract application. These psychological benefits were accompanied by a significant improvement in skin suppleness and isotropy.ConclusionSphingomonas extract delays intrinsic skin ageing process by inhibiting cellular senescence, and has also the capability to restructure the skin. These beneficial physiological effects induced by SH extract have a positive influence on self‐esteem. Because skin ageing causes emotional distress, SH extract can serve as an anti‐ageing cosmeceutical agent and help to build a better psychological health, and help individuals to assume ageing.
Seasonal variation in susceptibility of the pear psyllid, Cacopsylla permixta (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) to selected insecticides
Authors: Esmaeily Mojtaba , Talebi Khalil , Hosseininaveh Vahid , Nozari Jamasb 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough Cacopsylla pyri Forster and Cacopsylla pyricola Linnaeus have long been considered as more significant pests of pear trees around the world, Cacopsylla permixta Burckhardt and Hodkinson is the most significant pest in some parts of Iran, especially in pear gardens of Karaj. Current control strategies against this pest in Iran generally involve five or six insecticide treatments each year, despite unsatisfactory results are reported at many localities. So, it is crucial to know the most susceptible generation of the pest to apply a good strategy for its control. The aim of this study was to explore the seasonal variation in susceptibility of C. permixta to four commonly used insecticides. The results showed that winter forms (February) were 2.71‐fold, 4.58‐fold, 3.26 fold and 3.38‐fold more tolerant to diazinon, imidacloprid, acetamiprid and abamectin, respectively, compared with summer forms. Also, Esterase, GST and P450 monooxygenase activity was highest during February. Moreover, the content of lipid, carbohydrate, glycogen and protein was significantly higher in February compared with other months. Based on these results, the best period for insecticide treatment for efficient control is treatment against the first generation, at the time when eggs are laid by females as well as during the egg hatching and the larvae appearance. At this time of year, psylla are more susceptible, which would likely lead to better results and the reduction in damage during the next summer. However, further studies are needed to test this in farm settings, and to whether this holds true for other psylla species.
The treatment dilemma of missing maxillary lateral incisors‐Part II: Implant restoration
Authors: Priest George 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis second of a two‐part series reviews the single dental implant as the most current treatment alternative for replacement of a missing or lost maxillary lateral incisor. Assessments of dental maturity for implant placement, implant space requirements, surgical and restorative influence on soft tissue profiles, and implant success are reviewed.OverviewRecent data indicates that implant success rates are high, and esthetics and soft tissue profiles appear to be stable for maxillary lateral incisor implants. Implant placement should be assessed by dental maturity of the specific patient as opposed to chronological age, and implant spacing should be developed and assessed by all team members.ConclusionsImplant replacement of a missing lateral incisor is a predictable treatment mode if implant placement is deferred until dental maturity and then accurately placed in a well‐developed site. Treatment involves more complicated planning and execution from team members than other alternatives, but innovations in techniques and materials render it a favorable alternative for lateral incisor replacement.Clinical significanceImplant restoration of a missing or lost maxillary lateral incisor is surgically and restoratively more complex than space closure or a resin‐bonded fixed dental prosthesis but demonstrates high success rates and high esthetic potential when team members follow strict treatment protocols.
Molecular Identity of Holomastigotes (Spirotrichonymphea, Parabasalia) with Descriptions of Holomastigotes flavipes n. sp. and Holomastigotes tibialis n. sp.
Authors: Taerum Stephen J. , Jasso‐Selles Daniel E. , Wilson Megan , Ware Jessica L. , Sillam‐Dussès David , Šobotník Jan , Gile Gillian H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHolomastigotes is a protist genus (Parabasalia: Spirotrichonymphea) that resides in the hindguts of “lower” termites. It can be distinguished from other parabasalids by spiral flagellar bands that run along the entire length of the cell, an anterior nucleus, a reduced or absent axostyle, the presence of spherical vesicles inside the cells, and the absence of ingested wood particles. Eight species have been described based on their morphology so far, although no molecular data were available prior to this study. We determined the 18S rRNA gene sequences of Holomastigotes from the hindguts of Hodotermopsis sjostedti, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes lucifugus, and Reticulitermes tibialis. Phylogenetic analyses placed all sequences in an exclusive and well‐supported clade with the type species, Holomastigotes elongatum from R. lucifugus. However, the phylogenetic position of Holomastigotes within the Spirotrichonymphea was not resolved. We describe two new species, Holomastigotes flavipes n. sp. and Holomastigotes tibialis n. sp., inhabiting the hindguts of R. flavipes and R. tibialis, respectively.
Role of broad‐spectrum sunscreen alone in the improvement of melasma area severity index (MASI) and Melasma Quality of Life Index in melasma
Authors: Sarkar Rashmi , Ghunawat Sneha , Narang Isha , Verma Sonali , Garg V.K , Dua Richa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundSunscreens have long been an indispensable part in treating melasma as ancillary agents. None of previous studies have evaluated the role of sunscreens alone in the improvement of melasma.AimsOur objective was to study the role of broad‐spectrum sunscreen with sun protection factor 19 and PA+++ as the sole agent for improvement of melasma.MethodsA total of 100 patients with melasma were included in the study. Following proper method of application of 3 mL sunscreen, thrice daily, Melasma Area Severity Score (MASI) and Hindi language version of the MELASQOL scale (Hi‐MELAQOL) was done at baseline and 12 weeks.ResultsThe mean MASI in the study group at the beginning and at the end of the study was 12.38 ± 14.7 and 9.15 ± 4.7, respectively, whereas the mean value of Hi‐MELASQOL at the beginning and at the end of the study was 47.2 ± 14 and 38.1 ± 14.2, respectively. The differences of both were statistically significant. Spearman's correlation between MASI and Hi‐MELASQOL before and after the study was positive but insignificant.ConclusionThere was both an objective and subjective improvement in melasma after 12 weeks of sunscreen use in terms of both MASI, showing an objective improvement of melasma after using sunscreens alone and also in Hi‐MELASQOL showing that use of sunscreens significantly improved quality of life of melasma patients. In our study, we have attempted to re‐instate the importance of sunscreens to patients and dermatologists who are inclining more toward various skin lightening agents for treatment of melasma, which have many side effects.
Job analysis ratings and criterion‐related validity: Are they related and can validity be used as a measure of accuracy?
Authors: Weekley Jeff A. , Labrador Jeffrey R. , Campion Michael A. , Frye Kathleen 
Published: April 2019

Job analysis data are largely judgements from subject matter experts (SMEs), judgements with unknown accuracy. To date, accuracy has been inferred largely based on inter‐rater reliability or agreement between SMEs and without reference to an external criterion. The current research examined job analysis rating accuracy by comparing SME importance ratings of knowledge, skills, abilities, and other requirements (KSAOs) with the validity of measures of these same KSAOs in predicting job performance. We tested hypotheses about whether SME judgement accuracy is moderated by SME job tenure, industry experience, role, self‐reported knowledge of the job, and data scrubbing. Four independent tests involving 48 separate validation studies were conducted. In three of the four samples, there was a large (r = .50 range) relationship between trait importance and trait validity, showing that job analysis ratings can be directly related to test validities and serve as a measure of job analysis accuracy. Moderator analyses showed that the best results may come from supervisors, rather than incumbents, and those who know the job extremely well (there were no differences due to SME job tenure, industry experience, or deletion of outliers). Showing a direct relationship between SME judgements and actual criterion‐related validity provides a new lens for operationalizing accuracy in job analysis research.Practitioner Points

This study demonstrates that test validities can serve as a measure of accuracy, providing a new avenue for job analysis research.

The most accurate job analysis ratings came from supervisors and those who reported knowing the job extremely well.
Evaluation of the effect of oleuropein on alveolar bone loss, inflammation, and apoptosis in experimental periodontitis
Authors: Taskan Mehmet Murat , Balci Yuce Hatice , Karatas Ozkan , Gevrek Fikret , Toker Hülya 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe ObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of oleuropein on ligature‐induced alveolar bone loss. In this respect, osteoblastic activity, osteoclastic activity, inflammatory markers, and apoptosis were evaluated.BackgroundOleuropein is a flavonoid, which has potent anti‐inflammatory and bone‐protective effects.MethodsThirty‐two Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups as following: control (C, n = 8) group; periodontitis (P, n = 8) group; periodontitis and low‐dose oleuropein group (12 mg/kg/day oleuropein, LDO group, n = 8); and periodontitis and high‐dose oleuropein group (24 mg/kg/day oleuropein, HDO group, n = 8). Periodontitis was induced via ligatures. Study period was 14 days, and animals were sacrificed at end of this period. Mandibles were examined via a stereomicroscope and underwent histological procedures. Osteoblast, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive osteoclast, and inflammatory cell counts were determined in hematoxylin‐eosin stained sections. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), bone morphogenetic protein‐4, the cluster of differentiation (CD)‐68, cysteine‐aspartic proteases‐3 (Caspase 3), and B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) expressions were evaluated via immunohistochemistry.ResultsPeriodontitis group had highest alveolar bone loss, and these levels significantly decreased in LDO and HDO groups. Both 12 and 24 mg/kg oleuropein groups significantly increased osteoblast cell counts and decreased TRAP‐positive osteoclast and inflammatory cell counts. BMP‐4 and bcl‐2 expressions were elevated in oleuropein groups while caspase‐3 expressions decreased. iNOS and CD68 were higher in periodontitis group compared to control group, but there was no significant difference between other groups.ConclusionOleuropein successfully decreased alveolar bone loss as a result of decreased osteoclastic activity, inflammation, and apoptosis and increased osteoblastic activity.
Integrative analysis identifies genetic variant modulating MICA expression and altering susceptibility to persistent HBV infection
Authors: Gong Yajie , Cheng Xiang , Tian Jianbo , Li Jiaoyuan , Zhu Ying , Yang Yang , Zou Danyi , Peng Xiating , Luo Jinzhuo , Zhao Lei , Mei Shufang , Wang Xiaoyang , Yang Nan , Ke Juntao , Gong Jing , Chang Jiang , Wang Ying , Zhong Rong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsGenome‐wide association studies have identified multiple genetic signals associated with the risk of persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the majority of the associated variants may only be markers of functional variants and the underlying biological mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesized that the functional variants with modulating transcription factor (TF) binding affinity in genome‐wide association studies‐identified loci may influence the risk of persistent HBV infection in Chinese people.MethodsA systematic bioinformatics approach was implemented to prioritize potential functional variants that may influence TF binding. A two‐stage case‐control study, including 1595 HBV‐persistent carriers and 1590 subjects with HBV natural clearance, was conducted to examine the associations between candidate variants and susceptibility to persistent HBV infection. Biological assays were carried out to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the associated genetic variants.ResultsTwelve candidate variants were identified, and rs2523454 G > A increased the risk of persistent HBV infection (dominant model: ORcombined = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.19‐1.58, P = 1.610 × 10−5). Functional assays indicated that the rs2523454 A allele significantly decreased transcriptional activity compared to the G allele by influencing TF‐binding affinity. In addition, expression quantitative trait loci analyses revealed that the A allele was associated with the reduced expression of MICA (P < 0.01).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the germline G > A variation at rs2523454 may influence TF‐DNA interaction, downregulate the expression of MICA and play an important role in the development of persistent HBV infection in the Chinese population.
A monitoring system to provide feedback on student physical activity during physical education lessons
Authors: Hartwig Timothy B. , del Pozo‐Cruz Borja , White Rhiannon L. , Sanders Taren , Kirwan Morwenna , Parker Philip D. , Vasconcellos Diego , Lee Jane , Owen Katherine B. , Antczak Devan , Lubans David R. , Lonsdale Chris 
Published: April 2019

School‐based physical education (PE) provides opportunities to accumulate moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), but many students are insufficiently active during PE lessons. Providing teachers with feedback regarding their students’ physical activity may increase the effectiveness of PE for achieving MVPA goals, but existing physical activity monitoring technologies have limitations in class environments. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a system capable of providing feedback on PE lesson MVPA. Equations for translating step counts to %MVPA were derived from measures in 492 students who concurrently wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ (ActiGraph) and Yamax pedometer (Yamax) during a PE lesson. To enhance feedback availability during PE lessons, we then developed a bespoke monitoring system using wireless tri‐axial pedometers (HMM) and a smart device app. After developing and testing the monitoring system, we assessed its validity and reliability in 100 students during a PE lesson. There was a strong correlation of 0.896 between step counts and accelerometer‐determined %MVPA and quantile regression equations showed good validity for translating step counts to %MVPA with a mean absolute difference of 5.3 (95% CI, 4.4‐6.2). The physical activity monitoring system was effective at providing %MVPA during PE lessons with a mean difference of 1.6 ± 7.1 compared with accelerometer‐determined %MVPA (7% difference between the two measurement methods). Teachers and students can use a smart device app and wireless pedometers to conveniently obtain feedback during PE lessons. Future studies should determine whether such technologies help teachers to increase physical activity during PE lessons.
Compensatory Voting in Direct Legislation. Evidence from Switzerland
Authors: Gisiger Jasmin , Milic Thomas , Kübler Daniel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn elections, voters sometimes compensate for post‐election bargaining processes by electing parties that are more extreme than themselves. We investigate compensatory voting in direct democracy. Our goals are to develop and test a measure of compensatory voting in direct legislation and assess its extent of compensatory voting. Empirically, we draw on the case of Switzerland, a country with frequent popular votes. We operationalize compensatory voting as voting ‘yes’ on a popular initiative in spite of endorsing arguments that speak against this initiative, under the condition of being well‐informed about the initiative. Using data from post‐ballot surveys on 17'570 individuals having voted on 63 popular initiatives in the period 1993 to 2015, our analysis shows that compensatory voting has not significantly increased in Switzerland in this period.