bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of bioactivity of fucoidan from laminaria with in vitro human cell cultures (THP-1)
Authors: Stefaniak–Vidarsson Magdalena M. , Gudjónsdóttir María , Marteinsdottir Gudrun , Sigurjonsson Olafur E. , Kristbergsson Kristberg 
Published: August 2018

Background: Seaweeds represent one of the few remaining food sources available globally which are not being fully utilized or even over utilized. Kelps (Laminaria spp.) are one of the numerous species of brown seaweeds, a popular marine vegetable, which has been used as a source of iodine and minerals for centuries. Kelps contain anionic polysaccharides called fucoidans heteroglycans with L – fucose units. Their monosaccharide composition, physicochemical and bioactive properties vary between seaweed species. The objective of this work was to evaluate the bioactive properties of laminaria fucoidan (L. digitata and L. hyperborea) toward THP–1 macrophages, a human macrophage like cell line, and investigate its potential antioxidant and immunomodulatory characteristics.Methods: THP-1 macrophages were incubated with five fucoidan concentrations. The Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay was determined for cell lysates and for the fucoidan extract, in addition to Total Polyphenol Content (TPC). Cytotoxicity of fucoidan was assessed by light microscopy, followed by XTT proliferation assay. Enzyme–linked immunosorbant assays (ELISA) were performed to determine concentrations of the secreted tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL–6), and interleukin 10 (IL–10). Results: Fucoidan did not affect macrophage ability to scavenge oxygen radicals (ORAC) confirming its antioxidant properties toward activated macrophages. The laminaria fucoidan extract at 100 µg/ml concentration lowered macrophage viability. Lower concentrations of laminaria fucoidan did not have impact on cell viability. Very low concentration of fucoidan at 0.1 µg/ml triggered secretion of TNF-α. However, IL–6 and interleukin IL–10 were expressed when concentration of applied fucoidan was 10 µg/ml indicating bioactivity of laminaria fucoidan through immunomodulatory actions.Conclusions: The study demonstrated how laminaria fucoidan may have bioactive properties towards THP–1 macrophages. Changes in cytokine secretion between pro–inflammatory (TNF–α, and IL–6) and anti–inflammatory (IL–10) cytokines confirmed bioactivity of the laminaria fucoidan extracts.Keywords: Seaweeds, Kelps, Laminaria, fucoidan, bioactivity, macrophages
FFC’s Advancement of Functional Food Definition
Authors: Gur Johanna , Mawuntu Marselinny , Martirosyan Danik 
Published: August 2018

Background: To create functional food products based on scientific evidence, we must first define functional foods. Previous definitions describe how functional foods improve health and mitigate disease. However, more refined definitions provide a reason for their efficacy–through the activity of bioactive compounds and the measurement of biomarkers, which are the essential tools for gauging the effectiveness of functional foods.Functional foods are generally linked to health promotion. The physiological effects of functional food or bioactive compounds may vary, but their categories of action include physical performance, cognitive, behavioral, and psychological function, organ or system function, and combating chronic disease [1, 2].Therefore, establishing a formal definition for these foods will help bring legitimate functional foods to the market. The addition of bioactive compounds, or biochemical molecules that improve health through the physiological mechanisms, improves the definition of functional foods. As a result, the advancement of the functional food definition by the Functional Food Center (FFC) has developed to provide clarity and a more comprehensive understanding of its meaning.
ÂNCORAS DE CARREIRA E CULTURA ORGANIZACIONAL:
Authors: Ferreira André , Murad Renato Pereira , Souza Camila Caroline de Carvalho 
Published: August 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a percepção de carreira dos empregados de duas empresas, uma metalúrgica e outra automobilística, localizadas na região Sul Fluminense, buscando compreender o alinhamento entre a cultura organizacional e o perfil de carreira dos empregados pesquisados. O referencial teórico aborda os temas planejamento de carreira, âncoras de carreira e cultura organizacional. A pesquisa foi um levantamento de campo em duas empresas industriais de grande porte das áreas metalúrgica e automotiva. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário, desenvolvido por Edgar Schein (1993), para identificação das Âncoras de Carreira. O número total de questionários respondidos foram de 138, sendo 74 da empresa do ramo metalúrgico e 64 do ramo automobilístico. Como resultado identificou-se que na empresa metalúrgica sobressaem as âncoras associadas a segurança no emprego e competências técnicas. Na empresa automobilística, os funcionários apresentaram um perfil de carreira criativo e empreendedor. No âmbito desta amostra é possível concluir que há um alinhamento nas empresas pesquisadas entre a cultura organizacional e o perfil de carreira de seus respectivos empregados.
A POSSIBILIDADE DO PEDIDO DE DIVÓRCIO INAUDITA ALTERA PARTE:
Authors: FELIPE LAÍS MALINCONICO , FRANCO LOREN DUTRA 
Published: August 2018

Este estudo objetiva analisar a possibilidade da concessão do divórcio em caráter liminar inaudita altera parte, tanto em relação a uma análise doutrinária e dogmática quanto à análise dos casos citados, especialmente os primeiros ocorridos no Brasil e na cidade de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Assim, pretende-se mostrar, a princípio, que apesar da nova possibilidade judicial resultante das diversas necessidades da sociedade e da vida conjugal que está por terminar, há de ser observar os limites pelos quais se fundam o pedido e os princípios processuais da ampla defesa e do contraditório, oriundos do devido processo legal, que não deve ser violado. Deste modo, conclui-se que caberá aos juízes e intérpretes do direito, perante a análise do caso concreto, entender as circunstâncias que ensejam o pedido e o cabimento do mesmo, visando facilitar o procedimento do divórcio pela vontade das partes em adiantar a felicidade que tanto se busca com o pedido judicial.
Validation of the Spanish Version of the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Tool 2
Authors: Parra-Anguita Laura , Moreno-Cámara Sara , López-Franco María Dolores , Pancorbo-Hidalgo Pedro L. 
Published: August 2018

Background: There are currently no questionnaires to measure the knowledge of nurses about dementia or Alzheimer’s disease care in the Spanish language. Objective: To validate the Spanish version of the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Tool 2 (DKAT2-Sp). Methods: The DKAT2 was translated into Spanish and then back-translated. The new Spanish version was validated in a sample of 361 members of the nursing staff from 24 nursing homes and a sample of 297 nursing students in Spain. Psychometric properties were assessed through an item analysis, a Rasch analysis, differential item functioning analysis, construct validity (known groups), and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha). Results: The 21 items of the DKAT2-Sp fit the model well, showing a wide range of difficulty. Four items have differential items functioning between nursing professionals and students. The DKAT2-Sp shows acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.76 for nursing professionals and 0.83 for students). Scores obtained in the known groups test were as hypothesized (Nursing home staff mean = 15.57 versus Nursing student mean = 12.85; p < 0.0001 for mean difference), supporting construct validity. Conclusion: The DKAT2-Sp is a reliable and valid questionnaire to measure knowledge about dementia in both nursing professionals and nursing students in Spanish-speaking contexts.
Imaging Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease: Distinct Contributions of Cortical MRI Atrophy and FDG-PET Hypometabolism
Authors: Benvenutto Agnès , Giusiano Bernard , Koric Lejla , Gueriot Claude , Didic Mira , Felician Olivier , Guye Maxime , Guedj Eric , Ceccaldi Mathieu 
Published: August 2018

Background: Neurodegeneration biomarkers are routinely used in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: To evaluate the respective contributions of two neuroimaging biomarkers, structural MRI and 18FDG-PET, in the assessment of neurodegeneration in AD dementia. Methods: Patients with mild AD dementia diagnosed based on clinical and cerebrospinal fluid criteria and cognitively healthy subjects, from the Marseille cohort ADAge with cognitive, structural MRI and 18FDG-PET assessments, were included. Extent of atrophy on MRI and of hypometabolism on 18FDG-PET were individually evaluated in each patient using a voxel-based analysis on whole-brain approach and compared to healthy subjects. Patients were divided in distinct groups according to their atrophy extent on the one hand and to their hypometabolism extent on the other, then, to their imaging profile combining the extent of the two biomarkers. Results: Fifty-two patients were included. The MMSE score was significantly lower in the “Extensive hypometabolism” group than in the “Limited hypometabolism” group (respectively 19.5/30 versus 23/30). A lower Innotest Amyloid Tau Index was associated with an extensive hypometabolism ( p = 0.04). There were more patients with low educational level in the “Extensive atrophy” group, while a higher educational level was more found in the “Limited atrophy” group ( p = 0.005). Conclusion: 18FDG-PET hypometabolism extent is associated with the pathological processes and clinical severity of AD, while MRI atrophy seems to be influenced by the cognitive reserve. In the context of mild AD dementia, these two biomarkers of neurodegeneration are thus not interchangeable and require to be considered in combination rather than in isolation.
Evidence for Large-scale Fluctuations in the Metagalactic Ionizing Background Near Redshift Six
Authors: Becker George D. , Davies Frederick B. , Furlanetto Steven R. , Malkan Matthew A. , Boera Elisa , Douglass Craig 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The observed scatter in intergalactic Lyα opacity at z ≲ 6 requires large-scale fluctuations in the neutral fraction of the intergalactic medium (IGM) after the expected end of reionization. Post-reionization models that explain this scatter invoke fluctuations in either the ionizing ultraviolet background (UVB) or IGM temperature. These models make very different predictions, however, for the relationship between Lyα opacity and local density. Here, we test these models using Lyα-emitting galaxies (LAEs) to trace the density field surrounding the longest and most opaque known Lyα trough at z < 6. Using deep Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam narrowband imaging, we find a highly significant deficit of z ≃ 5.7 LAEs within 20

of the trough. The results are consistent with a model in which the scatter in Lyα opacity near z ∼ 6 is driven by large-scale UVB fluctuations, and disfavor a scenario in which the scatter is primarily driven by variations in IGM temperature. UVB fluctuations at this epoch present a boundary condition for reionization models, and may help shed light on the nature of the ionizing sources.
Optical Observations of the Young Type Ic Supernova SN 2014L in M99
Authors: Zhang Jujia , Wang Xiaofeng , Vinkó József , Wheeler J. Craig , Chang Liang , Yang Yi , Wang Lifan , Zhai Qian , Rui Liming , Mo Jun , Zhang Tianmeng , Zhang Yu , Wang Jianguo , Mao Jirong , Wang Chuanjun , Yi Weimin , Xin Yuxin , Li Wenxiong , Lun Baoli , Lu Kaixing , Sai Hanna , Zheng Xiangming , Zhang Xiliang , Zhou Xu , Bai Jinming 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We present optical spectroscopic and photometric observations of the nearby type Ic supernova (SN Ic) SN 2014L. This SN was discovered by the Tsinghua-NAOC Transient Survey (TNTS) in the nearby type-Sc spiral galaxy M99 (NGC 4254). Fitting to the early-time light curve indicates that SN 2014L was detected at only a few hours after the shock breakout, and it reached a peak brightness of M
V = −17.73 ± 0.28 mag (L = [2.06 ± 0.50] ×1042 erg s−1) approximately 13 days later. SN 2014L shows a close resemblance to SN 2007gr in the photometric evolution, while it shows stronger absorption features of intermediate-mass elements (especially Ca ii) in the early-time spectra. Based on simple modeling of the observed light curves, we derived the mass of synthesized 56Ni as M
Ni = 0.075 ± 0.025 M
⊙, and the mass and total energy of the ejecta as M
ej = 1.00 ± 0.20M
⊙ and E
ej = 1.45 ±0.25 foe, respectively. Given these typical explosion parameters, the early detection, and the extensive observations, we suggest that SN 2014L could be a template sample for the investigation of SNe Ic.
Models for the Unusual Supernova iPTF14hls
Authors: Woosley S. E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Supernova iPTF14hls maintained a bright, variable luminosity for more than 600 days, while lines of hydrogen and iron in its spectrum had different speeds but showed little evolution. Here, several varieties of models are explored for iPTF14hls-like events. They are based upon circumstellar medium (CSM) interaction in an ordinary supernova, pulsational pair-instability supernovae (PPISN), and magnetar formation. Each is able to explain the enduring emission and brightness of iPTF14hls but each has shortcomings when confronted with other observed characteristics. The PPISN model can, in some cases, produce a presupernova transient like the one observed at the site of iPTF14hls in 1954. It also offers a clear path to providing the necessary half solar mass of material at ∼5 × 1016 cm for CSM interaction to work and it can give an irregular light curve without invoking additional assumptions. It explains the 4000 km s−1 seen in the iron lines but without additional energy input it strains to explain the nearly constant 8000 km s−1 velocity seen in H
α
. Magnetar models can also explain most of the observed features but they give a smooth light curve and may be difficult to reconcile with the observation of slow-moving hydrogen at late times. The various models predict different spectral characteristics and a remnant that, today, could be a black hole, magnetar, or even a star. Further observations and calculations of radiation transport will narrow the range of possibilities.
A Model for Clumpy Self-enrichment in Globular Clusters
Authors: Bailin Jeremy 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Detailed observations of globular clusters (GCs) have revealed evidence of self-enrichment: some of the heavy elements that we see in stars today were produced by cluster stars themselves. Moreover, GCs have internal subpopulations with different elemental abundances, including, in some cases, in elements such as iron that are produced by supernovae. This paper presents a theoretical model for GC formation motivated by observations of Milky Way star-forming regions and simulations of star formation, where giant molecular clouds fragment into multiple clumps that undergo star formation at slightly different times. Core collapse supernovae from earlier-forming clumps can enrich later-forming clumps to the degree that the ejecta can be retained within the gravitational potential well, resulting in subpopulations with different total metallicities once the clumps merge to form the final cluster. The model matches the mass–metallicity relation seen in GC populations around massive elliptical galaxies, and predicts metallicity spreads within clusters in excellent agreement with those seen in Milky Way GCs, even for those whose internal abundance spreads are so large that their entire identity as a GC is in question. The internal metallicity spread serves as an excellent measurement of how much self-enrichment has occurred in a cluster, a result that is very robust to variation in the model parameters.
ALMA Observations of the Solar Chromosphere on the Polar Limb
Authors: Yokoyama Takaaki , Shimojo Masumi , Okamoto Takenori J. , Iijima Haruhisa 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We report the results of the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the solar chromosphere on the southern polar limb. Coordinated observations with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) are also conducted. ALMA provided unprecedented high spatial resolution in the millimeter band (≈2.″0) at 100 GHz frequency with a moderate cadence (20 s). The results are as follows. (1) The ALMA 100 GHz images show saw-tooth patterns on the limb, and a comparison with Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly 171 Å images shows a good correspondence of the limbs with each other. (2) The ALMA animation shows a dynamic thorn-like structure elongating from the saw-tooth patterns on the limb, with lengths reaching at least 8″, thus suggesting jet-like activity in the ALMA microwave range. These ALMA jets are in good correspondence with the IRIS jet clusters. (3) A blob-ejection event is observed. By comparing with the IRIS Mg ii slit-jaw images, the trajectory of the blob is located along the spicular patterns.
ALMA Observations of the Very Young Class 0 Protostellar System HH211-mms: A 30 au Dusty Disk with a Disk Wind Traced by SO?
Authors: Lee Chin-Fei , Li Zhi-Yun , Hirano Naomi , Shang Hsien , Ho Paul T. P. , Zhang Qizhou 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
HH 211-mms is one of the youngest Class 0 protostellar systems in Perseus, at a distance of ∼235 pc. We have mapped its central region at up to ∼7 au (0.″03) resolution. A dusty disk is seen deeply embedded in a flattened envelope, with an intensity jump in the dust continuum at ∼350 GHz. It is nearly edge-on and is almost exactly perpendicular to the jet axis. It has a size of ∼30 au along the major axis. It is geometrically thick, indicating that the (sub)millimeter light-emitting grains have yet to settle to the midplane. Its inner part is expected to have transformed into a Keplerian rotating disk with a radius of ∼10 au. A rotating disk atmosphere and a compact rotating bipolar outflow are detected in SO N

J
= 89 − 78. The outflow fans out from the inner disk surfaces and is rotating in the same direction as the flattened envelope, and hence could trace a disk wind carrying away angular momentum from the inner disk. From the rotation of the disk atmosphere, the protostellar mass is estimated to be ≲50 M
Jup. Together with results from the literature, our result favors a model where the disk radius grows linearly with the protostellar mass, as predicted by models of pre-stellar dense core evolution that asymptotes to an r
−1 radial profile for both the column density and angular velocity.
Analyse du traitement médiatique d’une politique d’éducation prioritaire : la réputation du REP de 2006 à 2017
Authors: Fouquet-Chauprade Barbara , Dutrévis Marion 
Published: August 2018

Depuis 2006, le canton de Genève s’est doté d’une politique scolaire labellisée Réseau d’enseignement prioritaire (REP). Pour un établissement qui rejoint ce réseau, quelles sont les conséquences en termes de réputation ? Pour traiter cette question, nous proposons dans cet article une analyse de la presse locale. À travers cette analyse, nous chercherons à déterminer quelle image, quelle réputation est associée aux établissements prioritaires, à leur public, et aux familles, et comment cette réputation évolue. Les résultats suggèrent que les catégories mobilisées pour qualifier les élèves scolarisés en établissement prioritaire s’inscrivent dans une perspective déficitaire qui essentialise la difficulté scolaire. La réputation des établissements rejoint la réputation du quartier. Et le discours produit fait émerger des préoccupations plus éducatives que pédagogiques. Enfin, le discours autour du REP évolue en fonction des débats politiques et des réformes scolaires concomitantes.
L’école française face aux nouvelles figures de l’immigration : le cas d’enfants de migrants roms bulgares et de réfugiés syriens dans des territoires scolaires contrastés
Authors: Clavé-Mercier Alexandra , Schiff Claire 
Published: August 2018

À partir d’une enquête ethnographique menée dans différentes localités d’une région française, cet article s’intéresse aux ajustements mis en place par l’institution scolaire pour faire face aux difficultés posées par l’arrivée d’enfants de populations migrantes jusqu’alors peu présentes en France. Il s’agit d’une part de familles roms bulgares en habitat précaire regroupées en territoire urbain, et d’autre part de familles syriennes réfugiées « réinstallées » de façon isolée dans diverses communes rurales qui se sont portées volontaires pour les accueillir. La comparaison met en évidence que la multiplication des dispositifs spécifiques et des ressources dédiées aux allophones n’aboutit pas nécessairement à l’inclusion, alors que leur absence n’est pas en soi un obstacle à leur intégration scolaire, dès lors qu’un certain nombre d’acteurs se mobilise autour de ces enfants. La réflexion sur les conditions d’accueil et l’incidence des représentations qui distinguent les migrants économiques des réfugiés révèle que lorsque la prise en charge de ces élèves devient l’affaire de tous, leur présence acquiert une légitimité qui permet d’encourager à la fois l’innovation pédagogique et la banalisation de leurs différences.
Accounting for Surveyor Effort in Large-Scale Monitoring Programs
Authors: Aagaard Kevin , Lyons James E. , Thogmartin Wayne E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAccounting for errors in wildlife surveys is necessary for reliable status assessments and quantification of uncertainty in estimates of population size. We apply a hierarchical log-linear Poisson regression model that accounts for multiple sources of variability in count data collected for the Integrated Waterbird Management and Monitoring Program during 2010–2014. In some large-scale monitoring programs (e.g., Christmas Bird Count) there are diminishing returns in numbers counted as survey effort increases; therefore, we also explore the need to account for variable survey duration as a proxy for effort. In general, we found a high degree of concordance between counts and effort-adjusted estimates of relative abundance from the Integrated Waterbird Management and Monitoring Program (x̄difference = 0.02%; 0.25% SD). We suggest that the model-based adjustments were small because there is only a weak asymptotic relationship with effort and count. Whereas effort adjustments are reasonable and effective when applied to count data from plots of standardized area, such adjustments may not be necessary when the area of sample units is not standardized and surveyor effort increases with number of birds present. That is, large units require more effort only when there are many birds present. The general framework we implemented to evaluate effects of varying survey effort applies to a wide variety of wildlife monitoring efforts.