bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral First-Ray Amputation of the Foot Due to Severe Tophaceous Gout Complicated by Infection and Discharged Sinus
Authors: Sariyilmaz Kerim , Eren Ilker , Ozkunt Okan , Sungur Mustafa , Kilicoglu Onder I. , Dikici Fatih 
Published: March 2018

Background:Gout is a purine metabolism disease. Tophaceous gout may cause joint destruction and other systemic problems and sometimes may be complicated by infection. Infection and sinus with discharge associated with tophaceous gout are serious complications, and treatment is difficult. We present a patient with tophaceous gout complicated by infection and discharging sinus treated by bilateral amputation at the level of the first metatarsus.Methods:A 43-year-old man previously diagnosed as having gout, and noncompliant with treatment, presented with tophaceous gout associated with discharging sinus and infection on his left first metatarsophalangeal joint. Because of the discharging sinus associated with the tophaceous deposits, the soft-tissue and bony defects, and the noncompliance of the patient, amputation of the first ray was undertaken, and a local plantar fasciocutaneous flap was used to close the defect. After 8 months, the patient was admitted to the emergency department with similar symptoms in his right foot, and the same surgical procedure was performed.Results:One year after the second surgery, the patient had no symptoms, there was no local inflammatory reaction over the surgical areas, and laboratory test results were normal.Conclusions:Gout disease with small tophi often can be managed conservatively. However, in patients with extensive lesions, risk of superinfection justifies surgical treatment. Results of complicated cases are not without morbidity; therefore, early surgical treatment may prevent extremity loss and further complications. In severe cases, especially with compliance issues, amputation provides acceptable results.
Influence of allelic variations in relation to norepinephrine and mineralocorticoid receptors on psychopathic traits: a pilot study
Authors: Durand Guillaume 
Published: March 2018

Background
Past findings support a relationship between abnormalities in the amygdala and the presence of psychopathic traits. Among other genes and biomarkers relevant to the amygdala, norepinephrine and mineralocorticoid receptors might both play a role in psychopathy due to their association with traits peripheral to psychopathy. The purpose is to examine if allelic variations in single nucleotide polymorphisms related to norepinephrine and mineralocorticoid receptors play a role in the display of psychopathic traits and executive functions.

Methods
Fifty-seven healthy participants from the community provided a saliva sample for SNP sampling of rs5522 and rs5569. Participants then completed the Psychopathic Personality Inventory–Short Form (PPI-SF) and the Tower of Hanoi.

Results
Allelic variations of both rs5522 and rs5569 were significant when compared to PPI-SF total score and the fearless dominance component of the PPI-SF. A significant result was also obtained between rs5522 and the number of moves needed to complete the 5-disk Tower of Hanoi.

Conclusion
This pilot study offers preliminary results regarding the effect of allelic variations in SNPs related to norepinephrine and mineralocorticoid receptors on the presence of psychopathic traits. Suggestions are provided to enhance the reliability and validity of a larger-scale study.
Formation of Alkenes by Elimination
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Zeni Gilson 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDehydrogenationDehydrohalogenation and Elimination of Alkyl Halides1,1‐Dihalides1,2‐Dihalides1,3‐DihalidesTrihaloalkanesβ‐Halo EthersHalohydrinsHalo Aldehydes and KetonesHalo Carboxylic AcidsHalo Estersβ‐Halo SulfonatesAminesβ‐Halo Amines and DerivativesAmine Oxides (Cope Elimination)Quaternary Ammonium SaltsN‐Alkyl‐N,N‐DisulfonimidesN‐NitrosocarboxamidesNitro CompoundsDiazo Compoundsβ‐Substituted AzidesEthersβ‐Substituted EthersSulfidesα‐Halosulfidesβ‐Halosulfidesβ‐HydroxysulfidesSulfoxidesβ‐Alkoxy‐ and Hydroxy‐SulfoxidesSulfonesα‐Halosulfones (Ramberg—Bäcklund Reaction)β‐Hydroxysulfonesβ‐AcyloxysulfonesOther β‐Substituted SulfonesDisulfonesSulfonyl Halidesβ‐OxyselenidesSelenoxidesTelluridesOrganosilanesβ‐Halosilanesβ‐Oxysilanes and ‐Stannanesβ‐AminosilanesDehydration of AlcoholsSulfonate EstersSulfatesPhosphates and ThiophosphatesXanthatesThiocarbonatesCarbamatesN‐Methyl‐4‐alkoxypyridinium Iodides1,2‐Diols and Derivatives1,2‐Disulfonates1,3‐DiolsAcetalsDithioacetalsAldehydes and KetonesLactolsCarboxylic AcidsAcid HalidesAcid AnhydridesEsters and LactonesAmides and LactamsNitrilesMiscellaneous Reactions
Formation of Alkenes by Wittig and Related Reactions
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Zeni Gilson 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWittig Reactionβ‐Oxido YlidsYlid AnionsPhosphonatesPhosphonamidates [(R2N)(RO)POCHLiR]Phosphonic Acid Bis‐Amides [(R2N)2POCHLiR]Phosphinothioic Amides [PhPS(NR2)CHLiR]Phosphine OxidesArsenic ReagentsSulfur ReagentsSelenium ReagentsTellurium ReagentsBoron ReagentsPeterson Reaction (Oxysilane Elimination) and Related ReactionsIsonitrilesMiscellaneous Reactions
Altered movement during single leg hop test after ACL reconstruction: implications to incorporate 2-D video movement analysis for hop tests
Authors: Welling Wouter , Benjaminse Anne , Seil Romain , Lemmink Koen , Gokeler Alli 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Purpose
There is a lack of objective factors which can be used in guiding the return to sport (RTS) decision after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of the current study was to conduct qualitative analysis of the single leg hop (SLH) in patients after ACLR with a simple and clinical friendly method and to compare the possible difference in movement pattern between male and female patients.

Methods
Sixty-five patients performed the single leg hop (SLH) test at 6.8 ± 1.0 months following isolated ACLR. Digital video camcorders recorded frontal and sagittal plane views of the patient performing the SLH. Knee flexion at initial contact (IC), peak knee flexion, knee flexion range of motion (RoM), and knee valgus RoM were calculated. In addition, limb symmetry index (LSI) scores were calculated.

Results
No differences were found in movement pattern between males and females. Movement analysis revealed that males had a decrease in knee flexion at IC (p = 0.018), peak knee flexion (p = 0.002), and knee flexion RoM (p = 0.017) in the injured leg compared to the non-injured leg. Females demonstrated a decrease in peak knee flexion (p = 0.011) and knee flexion RoM (p = 0.023) in the injured leg compared to the non-injured leg. Average LSI scores were 92.4% for males and 94.5% for females.

Conclusions
Although LSI scores were > 90%, clinical relevant altered movement patterns were detected in the injured leg compared to the non-injured leg. Caution is warranted to solely rely on LSI scores to determine RTS readiness.

Clinical trial registry name and registration
The University of Groningen, ID 2012.362.

Level of evidence
III.
Preoperative Chemotherapy May Not Influence the Remnant Liver Regenerations and Outcomes After Hepatectomy for Colorectal Liver Metastasis
Authors: Inoue Yoshihiro , Fujii Kensuke , Tashiro Keitaro , Ishii Masatsugu , Masubuchi Shinsuke , Yamamoto Masashi , Shimizu Tetsunosuke , Asakuma Mitsuhiro , Hirokawa Fumitoshi , Hayashi Michihiro , Narumi Yoshihumi , Uchiyama Kazuhisa 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundVarious chemotherapy regimens have been shown to improve outcomes when administered before tumor excision surgery. However, there is no consensus on the utility of multidisciplinary treatment with preoperative chemotherapy for treating colorectal liver metastasis (CLM).Materials and methodsTwo hundred‐fifty patients who underwent hepatectomy were retrospectively analyzed using propensity score matching. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated with a focus on the effect of pre‐hepatectomy chemotherapy on regeneration of the remnant liver in patients with CLM. The remnant liver volumes (RLVs) were postoperatively measured with multidetector computed tomography on days 7 and months 1, 2, 5, and 12 after the operation.ResultsRLV regeneration and blood test results did not significantly differ between patients who underwent preoperative chemotherapy versus those who did not immediately after surgery or at any time point from postoperative day 7 to postoperative month 12. The 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year overall survival (OS) rates for all patients were 94.6, 86.2, and 79.9%, respectively; the corresponding disease‐free survival (RFS) rates were 49.3, 38.6, and 33.7%, respectively. There were no significant differences in OS and RFS between the two groups after hepatic resection. The recurrence rates, including marginal and intrahepatic recurrences, as well as resection frequency of the remnant liver were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionPreoperative chemotherapy may have no appreciable benefit for patients with CLM in terms of perioperative and long‐term outcomes.
British Society for Sexual Medicine Guidelines on the Management of Erectile Dysfunction in Men—2017
Authors: Hackett Geoff , Kirby Mike , Wylie Kevan , Heald Adrian , Ossei-Gerning Nick , Edwards David , Muneer Asif 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
This is an update of the 2008 British Society for Sexual Medicine (BSSM) guidelines.

Aim
To provide up-to-date guidance for U.K. (and international) health care professionals managing male sexual dysfunction.

Methods
Source information was obtained from peer-reviewed articles, meetings, and presentations. A search of Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Reviews was performed, covering the search terms “hypogonadism,” “eugonadal or hypogonadism or hypogonadal or gonadal,” and “low or lower testosterone,” starting from 2009 with a cut-off date of September 2017.

Outcomes
We offer evidence-based statements and recommendations for clinicians.

Results
Expert guidance for health care professionals managing male sexual dysfunction is included.

Clinical Translation
Current U.K. management has been largely influenced by non-evidence guidance from National Health Service departments, largely based on providing access to care limited by resources. The 2008 BSSM guidelines to date have been widely quoted in U.K. policy decision making.

Conclusions
There is now overwhelming evidence that erectile dysfunction is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, such that newly presenting patients should be thoroughly evaluated for cardiovascular and endocrine risk factors, which should be managed accordingly. Measurement of fasting serum glucose, lipid profile, and morning total testosterone should be considered mandatory in all newly presenting patients. Patients attending their primary care physician with chronic cardiovascular disease should be asked about erectile problems. There can no longer be an excuse for avoiding discussions about sexual activity due to embarrassment.
Cycling and Female Sexual and Urinary Function: Results From a Large, Multinational, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gaither Thomas W. , Awad Mohannad A. , Murphy Gregory P. , Metzler Ian , Sanford Thomas , Eisenberg Michael L. , Sutcliffe Siobhan , Osterberg E. Charles , Breyer Benjamin N. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Bicycle riding has become an increasingly popular mode of transportation and exercise, especially among women, and previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between cycling and sexual dysfunction, albeit using non-validated questionnaires.

Aim
We aimed to explore the relationship between cycling and sexual and urinary dysfunction.

Methods
Cyclists were recruited to complete a survey through Facebook advertisements and outreach to sporting clubs across 5 English-speaking countries. Swimmers and runners were recruited as a comparison group.

Outcomes
Participants were queried using validated questionnaires, including the Female Sexual Function Index, the American Urological Association Symptom Index, and non-validated questions about history of urinary tract infections (UTIs), genital numbness, and genital saddle sores (all self-reported).

Results
3,118 (53.3%) Women completed the survey, comprising 1,053 (34%) non-cyclists, 1,656 (53%) low-intensity cyclists, and 409 (13%) high-intensity cyclists. After adjusting for age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, tobacco use, race, marital status, urinary symptoms, and sexual activity, high-intensity cyclists had lower odds of self-reported sexual dysfunction compared to non-cyclists (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.7, P = .02). There were no statistically significant differences in urinary symptoms across groups. Compared to non-cyclists, both low- and high-intensity cyclists had higher odds of reporting a previous UTI (aOR 1.4, P &lt; .001, and aOR 1.4, P = .009, respectively), genital numbness (odds ratio [OR] 6.5, P &lt; .001, and OR 9.1, P &lt; .001, respectively), and saddle sores (OR 6.3, P &lt; .001, and OR 22.7, P &lt; .001, respectively).

Clinical Translation
Women cyclists were more likely to report other genitourinary conditions, including UTIs, genital numbness, and saddle sores.

Conclusions
This is the largest study comparing cyclists to other athletes with respect to sexual and urinary function. The study is limited by its cross-sectional design and sampling methods. We found that women cyclists were no more likely to report sexual dysfunction or urinary symptoms than swimmers or runners.
Customary International Law: A Third World Perspective
Authors: Chimni B. S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe article offers an alternative account of the evolution, formation, and function of customary international law (CIL) from a third world perspective. It argues that there is an intimate link between the rise, consolidation, and expansion of capitalism in Europe since the nineteenth century and the development of CIL that is concealed by the supposed distinction between “formal” and “material” sources of CIL. In fact, both “traditional” and “modern” CIL sustain the short-term and systemic interests of global capitalism. It proposes a “postmodern” conception of CIL that would contribute to the global common good.
Management of priapism with a trial of exercise in the emergency department
Authors: Gravel Jonathan , LeBlanc Constance , Varner Catherine 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPriapism is characterized by persistent penile erection in the absence of sexual arousal or desire that does not subside with orgasm. Although relatively uncommon, it is a genitourinary emergency that necessities prompt work-up and appropriate management, as there is a time-dependent relationship between total duration of erection and an increasing risk of permanent erectile dysfunction. Confirming the type of priapism is key to proper management, but the majority of cases presenting to the emergency department are ischemic in nature. Conservative management strategies for ischemic priapism are sparsely described in the literature but generally include ice pack application to the area, cold showers, masturbation and rarely, exercise. These strategies lack sound evidence, but the risks of attempting them are minimal as long as access to more definitive treatment is not delayed. Lower-limb exercise as a first-line treatment warrants further study in the undifferentiated emergency department priapism population. The case we present and discuss here illustrates the potential benefits of a trial of acute lower-limb exercise, specifically stair climbing, as a treatment for medication-induced priapism. If effective, this simple non-invasive management strategy may decrease the time to effective treatment, requires minimal resource utilization, and ultimately, avoids the need for more invasive treatment.
A novel approach to process brittle ice for continuous flow analysis of stable water isotopes
Authors: PYNE REBECCA L. , KELLER ELIZABETH D. , CANESSA SILVIA , BERTLER NANCY A. N. , PYNE ALEX R. , MANDENO DARCY , VALLELONGA PAUL , SEMPER STEFANIE , KJÆR HELLE A. , HUTCHINSON ED , BAISDEN W. TROY 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBrittle ice, which occurs in all intermediate-depth and deep ice cores retrieved from high-latitude regions, presents a challenge for high-resolution measurements of water isotopes, gases, ions and other quantities conducted with continuous flow analysis (CFA). We present a novel method of preserving brittle ice for CFA stable water isotope measurements using data from a new ice core recovered by the Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) project. Modest modification of the drilling technique and the accommodation of non-horizontal fractures (‘slanted breaks’) in processing led to a substantial improvement in the percentage of brittle ice analyzed with CFA (87.8%). Whereas traditional processing methods remove entire fragmented pieces of ice, our method allowed the incorporation of a total of 3 m of ice (1% of the 261 m of brittle ice and ~1300 years of climate history) that otherwise would not have been available for CFA. Using the RICE stable water isotope CFA dataset, we demonstrate the effect of slanted breaks and analyze the resulting smoothing of the data with real and simulated examples. Our results suggest that retaining slanted breaks are a promising technique for preserving brittle ice material for CFA stable water isotope measurements.
Wine Consumption in Norway: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis
Authors: Gustavsen Geir Wæhler , Rickertsen Kyrre 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Norwegian per capita sales of wine have more than doubled over the past 20 years, while the sales of sprits and beer have declined. These changes are likely to be the effect of changes in economic, demographic, and attitudinal factors as well as the availability of wine. We estimated age-period-cohort (APC) logit models using data from a large repeated cross-sectional survey over the period 1991–2015. The estimation results indicate substantial effects of the APC variables as well as income, availability, and attitudes. The model was used to simulate wine consumption over the life cycle in different birth cohorts. The simulation results indicate that wine consumption frequency increases by age, and younger cohorts are expected to increase their consumption frequencies more than older cohorts, which suggests an increased wine consumption over time. (JEL Classifications: D12, J10, Q13)
Consensus between Ratings of Red Bordeaux Wines by Prominent Critics and Correlations with Prices 2004–2010 and 2011–2016: Ashton Revisited and Expanded
Authors: Luxen Marc F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWine consumers and producers make decisions partly on ratings of wine critics. Research into reliability (correspondence of repeated ratings of the same wines by one critic) and consensus (correspondence of ratings between critics or competitions) have yielded low estimates. However, Ashton (2013), looking at the consensus among only prominent critics of red Bordeaux, vintages 2004–2010, found a correlation of around 0.60. Here, I revisit these data, and extend the analyses to the years 2011–2016 for the same wines, but with additional new critics. Agreement among the critics (r = 0.57) of these new years is comparable to those found by Ashton (r = 0.60), with a slight upward trend. Overall, critics agree more about what they do not like. Regarding prices and ratings, wines score below-average ratings when they cost less than 35 euro, and higher ratings between 35 and 100 euro. In wines more than 100 euro there is no correlation between ratings and price. (JEL Classification: C99)
‘Our Own Poor’: Transnational charity, development gifts, and the politics of suffering in Sylhet and the UK
Authors: GARDNER KATY 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBased on fieldwork in Bibiyana, northeast Bangladesh, this article compares the transnational charity offered to known individuals by migrant, UK-based families with the philanthropic efforts of the multinational company Chevron, which operate a large gas field in the neighbourhood. Applying Fassin's notion of the ‘politics of suffering’ to both types of exchange, the article argues that the two types of giving are underlain by incommensurate moral economies. While in instances of transnational charity, social inequality and the compassion felt towards the suffering of known people, or ‘our own poor’, underscore the exchanges, in the philanthropic efforts of ‘community engagement’ the inequality of giver and receiver is repressed and the exchange is animated by a moral economy. The latter is rooted in Christianity, in which compassion guides actions towards the suffering of unknown, anonymous strangers.
‘You Can Give Even if You Only Have Ten Rupees!’: Muslim charity in a Colombo housing scheme
Authors: OSELLA FILIPPO , WIDGER TOM 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent research on contemporary modalities of Islamic or Muslim philanthropy has focused on processes of subjectification through which givers and recipients of charity are habituated or craft themselves to an ethic of piety, social responsibility, and (neoliberal) economic virtuosity. These studies, however, have concentrated almost exclusively on those who give charity, leading to an over-emphasis on the perspectives of givers, and on their role in determining how the poor might deal with their everyday lives and imagined futures. As a result, small-scale gifting relations in which the Muslim poor may also be involved—making the poor simultaneously giversandrecipients of charity—have been obscured or erased altogether. In this article, we argue that the concerns of the poor might not always or necessarily be those of the wealthy donors of charity. By receivingandgivingsadaqaandzakat, poor and working-class Muslims in a Colombo neighbourhood imagine inclusion and belonging to the wider Muslim community in Colombo, which is not contingent upon the mediation and pedagogical interventions of charitable organizations and (middle-class) pious donors. Importantly, this imagination of inclusion and belonging comes at a time when the Muslim poor are increasingly marginalized by virtue of a (middle-class) discourse that, by framing charity as a means ‘to help the poor to help themselves’, has turned socio-economicupliftmentinto an ethical duty and, consequently, failure to improve oneself has become the symptom of wider moral shortcomings.
The politics of walls: Barriers, flows, and the sublime
Authors: Callahan William A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAs Donald Trump’s presidential campaign showed, walls are a hot topic. While ‘globalisation’, with its free flow of capital and goods, characterised world politics after the end of the Cold War, the twenty-first century has witnessed a reassertion of cultural, legal, and physical barriers. It is common to criticise such post-Cold War walls, especially the US-Mexico Barrier and Israel’s West Bank Barrier, as ineffective and immoral. This article problematises such critical discourse by using unlikely juxtapositions (the Great Wall of China) and new conceptual frameworks (gaps, critical aesthetics) to explore: (1) how walls can be a rational security policy; (2) how they are not simply barriers, but can be complex sites of flows; and (3) how walls are not simply texts waiting to be decoded: they are also sites of non-narrative affective experience that can even excite the sublime. This critical juxtaposition of walls first explores what they can tell us about the politics of borders, identity, and foreign policy, and then considers how walls, as concrete visual artefacts, can be examples not simply of ideology, but also of affect. The article aims to understand walls in a different register as active embodiments of political debate – and of political resistance.