bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes Toward Use of an APOL1 Genetic Testing Chatbot in Living Kidney Donor Evaluation: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Rogers James L. , Gacki‐Smith Jessica , Yacat Rochell , Wicklund Catherine , Duquette Debra , Friedewald John , Cooper Matthew , Gilbert Alexander , Agrawal Akansha , Gordon Elisa J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLiving kidney donor (LKD) candidates of African ancestry are increasingly asked to undergo Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) genetic testing during the donor evaluation process to better understand their risk of kidney disease. LKD candidates’ attitudes about using a clinical chatbot on APOL1 remain unknown. This study builds on prior work to culturally adapt the Gia® (Genetic Information Assistant) chatbot on APOL1 by assessing donor, recipient, and community member attitudes about the Gia chatbot for enhancing the integration of APOL1 testing into the LKD clinical evaluation workflow.MethodsThis study involved focus groups and a post‐focus group survey in two US cities about the APOL1 Gia chatbot. Qualitative data were analyzed via thematic analysis, and descriptive statistics were used for demographic data.ResultsWe conducted 10 focus groups including 54 participants (25 LKDs, 23 community members, and 6 living donor kidney transplant recipients of African ancestry). Five themes emerged: (1) participants supported LKD candidates using the Gia chatbot before the nephrologist clinic visit, (2) participants were interested in undergoing APOL1 testing after using Gia, (3) APOL1 testing costs may influence LKD candidates’ willingness to get tested, (4) patients of African ancestry may hold varying preferences for using chatbots in the healthcare setting, and (5) individual‐level barriers may limit the use of Gia in the healthcare setting.ConclusionsIndividuals of African ancestry were highly receptive to integrating the APOL1 chatbot into LKD candidate clinical evaluation, which bodes well for integrating chatbots into the APOL1 clinical genetic testing process.
Suspected Iatrogenic Aortic Dissection During Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Veno‐Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Challenging Dilemma
Authors: De Fazio Ludovica , Pergolini Amedeo , Cacioli Giulio , Saitto Guglielmo , Centonze Alessandro , Contento Carlo , Sbaraglia Fabio , D'Avino Emilio , Ranocchi Federico 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIatrogenic aortic dissection (IAD) is a life‐threatening condition, primarily caused by arterial cannulation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in cardiac surgeries. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the first‐line diagnostic tool in the acute setting, but the presence of several artifacts can easily lead to misinterpretation. A 55‐year‐old man underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and implantation of central veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐A ECMO). TEE revealed what appeared to be an intimal dissection flap in the aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta, raising concerns for an IAD, which was not confirmed by computed tomographic angiography. This case highlights the pitfalls and limitations of echocardiography in the diagnosis of IAD, especially in settings with complex flow patterns such as during CPB or V‐A ECMO.
Impact of Clinical Video Scenarios Used for a Summative Exam to Facilitate Learning
Authors: Botelho Michael George , Boubaker Bochra 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis article explores the use of clinical vicarious learning dialogue videos as a learning resource for a written summative assessment.MethodA prescribed list of 42 clinical vicarious learning dialogue videos was disseminated to students, and they were informed that these would form the scope of a prosthodontics question in their final year summative exam. The videos captured the learning dialogue between a teacher and student during diagnosis, problem‐solving or clinical decision‐making in relation to prosthodontic patient interactions. Exam questions were created from screen capture images from the videos based on and around the video content. After the exam, video analytics was captured, and students were invited for an interview using a question guide which was recorded and transcribed and a thematic analysis was performed using a deductive inductive approach.ResultsFourteen students were interviewed, and from these three domains and 10 key themes were identified: learning: learning strategy, learning new skills and knowledge, learning clinical skills, application of learnt skills and engagement; assessment: exam scope and stress, clinical relevance, motivation, generalisable; and video as a learning medium: enjoyable, affordance. Students reported that using these videos facilitated and supported their exam preparations, stimulated learning new content as well as higher‐order thinking skills. Students reported they had applied skills learnt from the videos and broadened their cognitive skills and practical experience. The format of the assessment was described as enjoyable and reduced stress. All students reported they watched ‘all’ the videos which appeared to be supported by the analytics.ConclusionClinical vicarious learning dialogue videos were found to help learning, assessment literacy, clinical cognitive skills, stress and motivation for learning.
Pharmacological targeting of dopamine D1 or D2 receptors evokes a rapid‐onset parkinsonian motor phenotype in mice
Authors: del Agua Villa Christian , Atudorei Mihai , Siebner Hartwig Roman , Rickhag Mattias 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDopaminergic nigrostriatal denervation in Parkinson's disease (PD) disrupts the functional balance between striatal projecting neurons, leading to aberrant activity in the cortico‐basal ganglia circuit and characteristic motor symptoms. While genetic and toxin‐based animal models are commonly used to mimic PD pathology and behaviour, they have limitations when combined with circuit manipulation tools. This highlights the need for complementary approaches, particularly when combined with viral‐based circuit targeting of specific neuronal subpopulations involved in PD circuit dysfunction. Here, we pursue a pharmacological approach targeting dopamine D1 or D2 receptors to induce dopamine deprivation and to replicate key motor symptoms in PD. We demonstrate a clear dose‐dependent induction of parkinsonian motor behaviour by both a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist (SCH23390) and a D2 receptor antagonist (haloperidol). The motor phenotype is evaluated by considering relevant motor metrics in an open‐field maze platform. The proposed parkinsonian pharmacological model constitutes an acute, flexible approach, which allows parallel brain circuit manipulations.
Density Dependence Shapes Life‐History Trade‐Offs in a Food‐Limited Population
Authors: Jaggi Harman , Zuo Wenyun , Kentie Rosemarie , Gaillard Jean‐Michel , Coulson Tim , Tuljapurkar Shripad 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTQuantifying trade‐offs within populations is important in life‐history theory. However, most studies focusing on life‐history trade‐offs focus on two traits and assume trade‐offs to be static. Our work provides a framework for understanding covariation among multiple traits and how population density influences the traits. Using detailed individual‐based data for Soay sheep, we find density strongly shapes life‐history trade‐offs and distribution of lifetime reproductive success (LRS). At low density, a trade‐off between juvenile survival and growth structures life‐history variation, whereas at equilibrium density, trade‐off between reproduction and juvenile survival is the major structuring axes. Contrary to Lomnicki's prediction, we find that at high density, there is little variation in the LRS over the sizes (large juveniles and adults) that contribute to reproduction. Our results advance an understanding of dynamic nature of trade‐offs offer insights into how high‐density limits diversity of individual life histories and have implications for evolution via density‐dependent selection.
Reconciling Pollen Limitation Theories: Insights From Temperate Oak Masting
Authors: Fleurot Emilie , Keurinck Léa , Boulanger Vincent , Debias François , Delpierre Nicolas , Delzon Sylvain , Lobry Jean R. , Mermet‐Bouvier Camille , Bel‐Venner Marie‐Claude , Venner Samuel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPollen limitation has a considerable influence on forest masting, the highly variable and synchronised seed production, on which forest regeneration and ecosystem dynamics largely rely. Depending on the various mechanisms possibly involved in pollen limitation, the consequences of climate change on masting could be very different. These mechanisms were investigated in 10 oak populations along a climatic gradient using surveys of airborne pollen and fruiting rate as a proxy of pollen limitation. We found no support for the widely accepted hypothesis of the intra‐annual synchrony of flower phenology when considered in isolation. Instead, the fruiting rate was largely explained by a combination of intra‐annual flower phenology synchrony, annual investment in flowering and the effects of weather on pollen maturation and diffusion. These findings highlight the need for a cohesive theoretical framework for pollen limitation to accurately predict the impact of climate change on oak‐dominated ecosystems.
A Functional Basis for the Assembly of Australian Subtropical Rainforest Tree Communities
Authors: Radford‐Smith Julian , Lai Hao Ran , Weeren Ella Cathcart‐van , Dwyer John M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the role of climate in the assembly of rainforest tree communities is informative for predicting how future climates will impact species and communities. We surveyed rainforest tree communities across the Australian subtropics (spanning 600 to 2500 mm rainfall year−1) and measured functional traits on 285 (91%) of all recorded species. We used principal component analysis to create axes approximating species' hydraulic strategies, leaf economics and stature and included these as predictors in joint species distribution models, along with traits describing dispersal ability and leaf phenology. Hydraulic strategy and leaf phenology strongly modulated species' occurrence trends along the moisture availability gradient, while stature and leaf economics modulated species' responses to minimum temperature and soil variables, respectively. Overall, we quantify the occurrence trends of almost half of Australia's subtropical rainforest tree species based on their functional traits, providing a general foundation for prediction under ongoing climate change.
Macroecology of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Woody Plants of the Northern Hemisphere: Tolerance Biomes and Polytolerance Hotspots
Authors: Pavanetto Nicola , Niinemets Ülo , Rueda Marta , Puglielli Giacomo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the main ecological constraints on plants' adaptive strategies to tolerate multiple abiotic stresses is a central topic in plant ecology. We aimed to uncover such constraints by analysing how the interactions between climate, soil features and species functional traits co‐determine the distribution and diversity of stress tolerance strategies to drought, shade, cold and waterlogging in woody plants of the Northern Hemisphere. Functional traits and soil fertility predominantly determined drought and waterlogging/cold tolerance strategies, while climatic factors strongly influenced shade tolerance. We describe the observed patterns by defining ‘stress tolerance biomes’ and ‘polytolerance hotspots’, that is, geographic regions where woody plant assemblages have converged to specific tolerance strategies and where the coexistence of multiple tolerance strategies is frequent. The depiction of these regions provides the first macroecological overview of the main environmental and functional requirements underlying the ecological limits to the diversity of abiotic stress tolerance strategies in woody plants.
Realised Thermal Niches in Marine Ectotherms Are Shaped by Ontogeny and Trophic Interactions
Authors: Morell Alaia , Shin Yunne‐Jai , Barrier Nicolas , Travers‐Trolet Morgane , Ernande Bruno 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the response of marine organisms to temperature is crucial for predicting climate change impacts. Fundamental physiological thermal performance curves (TPCs), determined under controlled conditions, are commonly used to project future species spatial distributions or physiological performances. Yet, real‐world performances may deviate due to extrinsic factors covarying with temperature (food, oxygen, etc.). Using a bioenergetic marine ecosystem model, we evaluate the differences between fundamental and realised TPCs for fish species with contrasted ecology and thermal preferences. Food limitation is the primary cause of differences, decreasing throughout ontogeny and across trophic levels due to spatio‐temporal variability of low‐trophic level prey availability with temperature. Deoxygenation has moderate impact, despite increasing during ontogeny. This highlights the lower sensitivity of early life stages to hypoxia, which is mechanistically explained by lower mass‐specific ingestion at older stages. Understanding the emergence of realised thermal niches offers crucial insights to better determine population's persistence under climate warming.
Avian Dispersal Ability Shapes Species–Area Relationships on Islands Worldwide
Authors: Baldwin J. W. , Myers Jonathan A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIsland biogeography theory provides key insights into biodiversity patterns across islands, species–area relationships and conservation. However, classical island biogeography theory assumes that species are ecologically equivalent in terms of their dispersal ability. We evaluated the role of a key trait (hand‐wing index, a proxy for dispersal ability in birds) in shaping species‐area relationships of avifauna spanning 6706 species on 3894 islands. High community‐weighted mean (CWM) dispersal ability in regional species pools had widespread but context‐dependent effects on island species‐area relationships. Among island archipelagos at smaller spatial extents, high CWM dispersal ability was associated with steeper species‐area relationships. Among zoogeographical realms at larger spatial extents high CWM dispersal ability was associated with shallower species‐area relationships and higher local species richness on small islands. Our study reveals that geographic variation in species' dispersal traits has strong effects on island species‐area relationships and likely plays an important role in non‐neutral community assembly.
Unveiling Lung Diseases in CT Scan Images With a Hybrid Bio‐Inspired Mutated Spider‐Monkey and Crow Search Algorithm
Authors: Kumar Anupam , Ahmad Faiyaz , Alam Bashir 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBio‐inspired computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) has garnered significant attention in recent years due to the inherent advantages of bio‐inspired evolutionary algorithms (EAs) in handling small datasets with elevated precision and reduced computational complexity. Traditional CAD models face limitations as they can only be developed post‐outbreak, relying on datasets that become available during such events such as the COVID‐19 pandemic. The scarcity of data for emerging diseases poses a substantial challenge to achieving elevated precision with conventional deep‐learning algorithms. Furthermore, even when datasets are available, employing deep learning for class‐based classification is arduous, necessitating model retraining, in this paper, we propose a novel hybrid algorithm that leverages the strengths of the crow search algorithm (CSA) and the spider monkey optimization (SMO) algorithm to create an optimised spider monkey crow search (OSM‐CS) algorithm. We developed a CAD tool that maps each input CT image to a high‐dimensional vector by extracting four categories of features: high contrast, polynomial decomposition, textural, and pixel statistics. The proposed OSM‐CS algorithm is employed as a feature selection method. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the OSM‐CS algorithm, achieving an impressive accuracy of 98.2% when coupled with an AdaBoost classifier for multi‐class classification and 99.93% for binary classification. This performance surpasses that of state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) deep learning models and recently published hybrid algorithms, underscoring the potential of the OSM‐CS algorithm as a powerful tool in the realm of CAD.
Paul’s Account of Change at the Resurrection in 1 Corinthians 15:42‐44a
Authors: Hollon Elton L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe following article discusses Paul's conception of change regarding the resurrection body in 1 Cor 15:42‐44a. Our thesis is that Paul uses a popular Hellenistic cosmology and account of change to explain how the transformation of the body is possible. He uses seed imagery to contrast the pre‐and‐post‐resurrection bodies … the mortal and immortal bodies. Using rhetorical accommodation techniques, he resolves the Corinthian confusion regarding physical resurrection using popular Hellenistic ideas. Whereas some interpreters think that the resurrection body is terrestrial, others find a rarefied extraction of matter like the Stoic material soul or a holistic transformation into a rarefied and/or celestial element fitted to a polarized heavenly environment. Our interpretation is characterized by material continuity and integrative rather than absolute polarity. Though Paul conceives of material continuity, he says nothing of rarefied bodies or their natural habitat. Jesus's resurrection and anticipated return suggest a transformation of the ‘flesh’ into a body capable of traversing both heavenly‐earthly spheres. Some think this view is incoherent, because it combines two incompatible conceptions of resurrection. Paul's solution seems to be that the resurrection body changes its properties as needed, depending on its environment. Hence, it never exemplifies incompatible properties at the same time.
Mettre en œuvre la négociation collective à plusieurs niveaux: avantages attendus et conditions de réussite
Authors: GRIMSHAW Damian , BRANDL Bernd , BERTRANOU Fabio , GONTERO Sonia 
Published: December 2024

RésuméLes auteurs passent en revue les données internationales sur les avantages économiques de la négociation collective à plusieurs niveaux, en montrant que les bénéfices attendus sont très incertains, car subordonnés à un ensemble de facteurs imbriqués. Ils estiment que, avant d'engager un processus de réforme institutionnelle, il convient de s'assurer que quatre conditions sont réunies: l'attachement du pays au dialogue social, une bonne compréhension de l'architecture institutionnelle complexe de la négociation collective, la priorité accordée à une représentation démocratique inclusive et des ressources disponibles pour investir dans les capacités des organisations de travailleurs et d'employeurs. Les auteurs concluent en indiquant quelques orientations possibles.
Post‐Christendom Ignorance in Secular Society
Authors: Beauchamp Gilles 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn banning religious symbols for civil servants in a position of authority, Québec's laicity law disproportionately burdens religious minorities. Nevertheless, politicians seem to somehow avoid this problem, and the law is largely supported by the population. This insensibility to religious discrimination calls for an explanation. I argue that part of the explanation for this unequal treatment of religion in secular society lies in active religious ignorance. Drawing a parallel from how white ignorance functions to protect racial inequalities, I argue that a kind of active ignorance in the religious domain – that I name post‐Christendom ignorance – makes it difficult to comprehend alternative understandings of religious experience and allows the majority to deny its religious positionality. Applying this framework, I criticize Québec's laicity law for wrongfully relying on inadequate hermeneutical resources about religion. Further, the failure to see that targeting only religious symbols worn by individuals is discriminatory is the result of the epistemic vice of closed‐mindedness. This article aims to show how religious persons in secular society can suffer hermeneutical wrongs because of their religious identity, and it aims to show that this injustice in the epistemic domain can help explain the unequal treatment of religious minorities while providing grounds for criticism.
Identifying Patient Safety Competencies for Healthcare Staff Treating Children and Young People With Intellectual Disability in Hospitals: A Delphi Study
Authors: Ong Natalie , Boulton Kelsie , Milne Jacqueline , Tomsic Gail , Guastella Adam , Silove Natalie , Weise Janelle , Long Janet , Walton Merrilyn , Burgess Annette 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundChildren and young people with intellectual disability have poor healthcare and are at risk of patient safety events due to lack of staff training and consensus on competencies for safe and quality care. For the adoption of reasonable adjustments in mainstream paediatric healthcare clinical competencies needed to be adapted to an existing patient safety education framework.MethodsThirteen experts in intellectual disability health and patient safety participated in an eDelphi survey aimed at reaching consensus on core competencies required of the paediatric healthcare workforce. Four rounds were completed with descriptive and thematic analyses undertaken.ResultsConsensus was achieved for 120 competencies across seven domains. Results highlighted the need for adaptations in all the domains, particularly communication, working safely and specific areas unique to this population.ConclusionAn adapted framework that addresses competencies for safe and quality care that included reasonable adjustments is critical for improving care for this population.
Experimental and Computational Analysis of Drying Characteristics and Quality Attributes of Indirect and Mixed‐Mode Solar Dried Stevia rebaudiana Leaves
Authors: Kumar Prakash , Tripathy Punyadarshini Punam 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study comprehensively investigates the temperature dynamics, fluid flow patterns, and moisture distribution during solar drying of Stevia rebaudiana leaves. Drying experiments were conducted using an indirect mode solar dryer (ISD) and mixed‐mode solar dryer (MSD), considering both natural convection mode (NCM) and forced convection mode (FCM). Results revealed that MSD dried the leaves 40.00%–44.44% faster than ISD. Additionally, the average effective moisture diffusivity was 26.73% higher in MSD under NCM, and 34.75%–36.67% higher under FCM compared to ISD. The average mass transfer coefficient in MSD was also significantly higher than in ISD (p < 0.05), ranging from 2.92 × 10−6 to 3.68 × 10−6 m/s, a 25.86%–37.31% increase. The experimental data were evaluated using nine thin‐layer drying models, with the Page and Two‐term exponential models emerging as the best fit based on Akaike increment criteria and Akaike weights. The total color change was significantly higher (p < 0.05) by 35.41% under NCM and 40.17%–76.10% under FCM in MSD compared to ISD, indicating substantial quality and microstructural alterations in stevia due to its interactions with high temperature airflow. The total phenolic content of leaves showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase, ranging from 63.65% to 71.99%, when dried using ISD compared to MSD. The 3D finite element modeling performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software showed strong agreement with the experimental data, offering valuable insights into stevia's drying kinetics and the airflow patterns inside the solar dryer. These observations strongly support the efficacy of the ISD for drying heat sensitive medicinal herb like stevia.