bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Toxicity and Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Damage Caused by Exposure of Mammalian Cells to Lunar Regolith Simulants
Authors: Caston Rachel , Luc Katie , Hendrix Donald , Hurowitz Joel A. , Demple Bruce 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPrevious missions to the lunar surface implicated potential dangers of lunar soil. In future explorations, astronauts may spend weeks or months on the Moon, increasing the risk of inhaling lunar dust. In an effort to understand the biological impact of lunar regolith, cell cultures derived from lung or neuronal cells were challenged with lunar soil simulants to assess cell survival and genotoxicity. Lunar soil simulants were capable of causing cell death and DNA damage in neuronal and lung cell lines, and freshly crushed lunar soil simulants were more effective at causing cell death and DNA damage than were simulants as received from the supplier. The ability of the simulants to generate reactive oxygen species in aqueous suspensions was not correlated with their cytotoxic or genotoxic affects. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity was not correlated with the accumulation of detectable DNA lesions. These results determine that lunar soil simulants are, with variable activity, cytotoxic and genotoxic to both neuronal and lung‐derived cells in culture.
Excess Productivity Costs of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic Sclerosis, and Sjögren's Syndrome: A General Population–Based Study
Authors: McCormick Natalie , Marra Carlo A. , Sadatsafavi Mohsen , Kopec Jacek A. , Aviña‐Zubieta J. Antonio 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo determine excess productivity losses and costs of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) at the population level.MethodsAdministrative databases from the province of British Columbia, Canada, were used to establish population‐based cohorts of SLE, SSc, and SS, and matched comparison cohorts were selected from the general population. Random samples from these cohorts were surveyed about time absent from paid and unpaid work and working at reduced levels/efficiency (presenteeism), using validated labor questionnaires. We estimated excess productivity losses and costs of each diagnosis (over and above nonsystemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases [non‐SARDs]), using 2‐part models and work disability rates (not employed due to health).ResultsSurveys were completed by 167 SLE, 42 SSc, and 90 SS patients, and by 375 non‐SARDs (comparison group) participants. Altogether, predicted excess hours of paid and unpaid work loss were 3.5, 3.2, and 3.4 hours per week for SLE, SSc, and SS patients, respectively. Excess costs were $86, $69, and $84 (calculated as 2015 Canadian dollars) per week, or $4,494, $3,582, and $4,357 per person annually, respectively. Costs for productivity losses from paid work stemmed mainly from presenteeism (SLE = 69% of costs, SSc = 67%, SS = 64%, and non‐SARDs = 53%), not from absenteeism. However, many working‐age patients were not employed at all, due to health (SLE = 36%, SSc = 32%, SS = 30%, and non‐SARDs = 18%), and the majority of total productivity costs were from unpaid work loss (SLE = 73% of costs, SSc = 74%, SS = 60%, and non‐SARDs = 47%). Adjusted excess costs from these unpaid production losses were $127, $100, and $82 per week, respectively, among SLE, SSc, and SS patients.ConclusionIn this population‐based sample of prevalent SLE, SSc, and SS, lost productivity costs were substantial, mainly from presenteeism and unpaid work impairments.
Formal Carbene Insertion into C−O or C−N Bond: An Efficient Strategy for the Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 2H‐Chromene Derivatives from Chromene Acetals or Hemiaminal Ethers
Authors: Zhang Dan , Hu Wenhao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe report the palladium/Brønsted acid co‐catalyzed formal insertion of carbene into the C−O or C−N bond of 2H‐chromene acetals or hemiaminal ethers. This transformation was initiated by the Brønsted acid‐promoted cleavage of the C−O or C−N bond, followed by modification of the leaving alcohol or amino fragments with palladium carbenes, and reassembly of the modified fragments. A variety of C‐2 functionalized 2H‐chromene derivatives were obtained in moderate yield (43∼75%) with good to excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >95:5 dr) under mild conditions.magnified image
Performance Comparison of Different Exhaust Exchanger Types Considering Peak Net Power and Optimal Dimension in a Thermoelectric Generator System
Authors: He Wei , Wang Shixue 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study introduces a more scientific comparison method to obtain an effective exhaust heat exchanger in a thermoelectric generator (TEG) system when recycling the waste heat from an engine exhaust, and evaluate the performance of different kinds of exhaust heat exchangers. Moreover, the effect of the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics on the thermoelectric performance and the dimensional optimization characteristics are analyzed. A complete numerical TEG model using the finite element method is formulated with three common plate‐type exhaust heat exchangers (i.e., smooth, offset‐strip fin, and corrugated louvered fin types) taken as examples. The results show that it is more scientific and recommended to evaluate the heat exchanger performance by comparing its maximum net power with its separate optimal heat exchange size taken for different heat exchanger types. In this study, the corrugated louvered fin type has obvious advantages. The dimensional optimization results for different heat exchanger types are also presented herein. The method used and the results obtained provide guidance in achieving an efficient exhaust heat exchanger.
The price of pain in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Smith Kristine A. , Ashby Shaelene , Orlandi Richard R. , Oakley Gretchen , Alt Jeremiah A. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is associated with productivity losses exceeding US$13 billion annually. Although pain is well known to significantly affect patient productivity in other diseases, its economic impact on CRS‐related lost productivity has not been examined. The objective of this study was to determine whether CRS‐related facial pain correlates with lost productivity in patients with CRS.MethodsSeventy patients with CRS were enrolled in a cross‐sectional investigation. Patients with a history of systemic inflammatory disease, ciliary dysfunction, chronic pain syndromes, migraines, and fibromyalgia were excluded. Pain was measured using the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI‐SF) and the Short‐Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF‐MPQ). Presenteeism, absenteeism and lost work, and household and overall productivity were assessed. Regression analysis was performed to assess potential confounders, including depression.ResultsPain as measured with BPI‐SF and SF‐MPQ total scores correlated with all domains of productivity losses. Overall, lost productivity was significantly correlated with pain (R range, 0.354‐0.485; p < 0.001). Presenteeism (reduced work efficiency) had the highest correlation with all of the overall pain scores (R range, −0.366 to −0.515; p < 0.001). Lost household productivity time was the least affected by pain (R range, 0.267‐0.389; p < 0.05). These correlations remained statistically significant after regression analysis, which accounted for depression (p < 0.05).ConclusionA significant correlation exists between CRS‐related facial pain and productivity losses in patients with CRS that is independent of depression. Facial pain has the strongest correlation with presenteeism, which is the main driver of productivity losses and indirect costs associated with CRS.
A Dynamic Chemical Network for Cystinuria Diagnosis
Authors: Lafuente Maria , Solà Jordi , Alfonso Ignacio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe study of molecular networks represents a conceptual revolution in chemistry. Building on previous knowledge and after understanding the rules of non‐covalent interactions, the design of stimulus‐responsive chemical systems is possible. Herein we report a new strategy, based on the reorganization of a dynamic chemical network that generates new fluorescent associations in the presence of cysteine or cystine. The binding and sensing units are encoded in the components that dynamically assemble and disassemble responding to external stimuli as a successful tool to detect both cysteine and cystine in aqueous media. Moreover, the dynamic sensing system works in human urine, as a prospective application for cystinuria diagnosis.
Stabilization of Lewis Acidic AuF3 as an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complex: Preparation and Characterization of [AuF3(SIMes)]
Authors: Ellwanger Mathias A. , Steinhauer Simon , Golz Paul , Braun Thomas , Riedel Sebastian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTwo different reaction routes are described to access the unprecedented trifluoridoorganogold(III) complex [AuF3(SIMes)]. The compound bears the N‐heterocyclic carbene SIMes (1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐4,5‐dihydroimidazol‐2‐ylidene) as a ligand for a molecular Lewis acidic AuF3 unit and was characterized by NMR spectroscopy as well as X‐ray crystallography. Apart from the use of a [AuF4]− salt as precursor, the strong oxidizing compound AuF3 can be employed neat as starting material. The reaction proceeded even in organic solvents in the presence of SIMes as the ligand precursor. Decomposition reactions with the solvent can, therefore, be prevented by using this strategy.
Inhibitory Receptor Expression on T Cells as a Marker of Disease Activity and Target to Regulate Effector Cellular Responses in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Onofrio Luisina I. , Zacca Estefania R. , Ferrero Paola , Acosta Cristina , Mussano Eduardo , Onetti Laura , Cadile Isaac , Gazzoni M. Victoria , Jurado Raúl , Boari Jimena Tosello , Ramello Maria C. , Montes Carolina L. , Gruppi Adriana , Acosta Rodríguez Eva V. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveInhibitory receptors are essential for the regulation of effector immune responses and may play critical roles in autoimmune diseases. We evaluated whether inhibitory receptor expression on T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were correlated with immune activation, disease activity, and response to treatment, as well as whether inhibitory receptor–mediated pathways were functional.MethodsUsing flow cytometry, we performed extensive phenotypic and functional evaluation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from the blood and synovial fluid (SF) of RA patients ex vivo and after culture. The relationship of each parameter with the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28‐ESR) and response to treatment was examined.ResultsIn RA patients with low levels of T cell activation, inhibitory receptor expression showed an inverse relationship with the DAS28‐ESR. The frequency of T cells expressing multiple inhibitory receptors was reduced in untreated RA patients but returned to normal levels in treated patients. RA patients who responded to treatment showed an augmented frequency of inhibitory receptor–expressing T cells that correlated with reduced inflammatory cytokine production in comparison to nonresponders. Higher frequencies of effector and memory T cells that expressed multiple inhibitory receptors were seen in SF than in peripheral blood. Notably, inhibitory pathways were operative in blood and synovial T cells from all RA patients, although cells from nonresponder patients were less sensitive to inhibition.ConclusionInhibitory receptor expression on T cells from RA patients is inversely correlated with effector T cell function and disease activity and may predict response to treatment. Furthermore, different inhibitory pathways are functional and cooperatively suppress synovial T cells, providing a rationale for new treatment strategies to regulate acute local inflammation.
Nonsmooth Stabilization of a Class of Markovian Jump Stochastic Nonlinear Systems with Parametric and Dynamic Uncertainties
Authors: Zhao Ping , Zhai Di‐Hua , Sun Yuangong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the finite‐time stabilization of Markovian jump stochastic nonlinear (SNL) systems with dynamic uncertainties. Firstly, a proper criterion on finite‐time globally asymptotically stability in probability (FGSP) and some useful lemmas are introduced. Then, overcoming the influence of coupled item which determined by Markovian switching, by adding a power integrator technique and induction method, a state‐feedback finite‐time controller is explicitly constructed. It is proven that, the system state of the closed‐loop systems is FGSP. Simulation examples illustrate the effectiveness of our method.
Discrimination between Single Crystals and Agglomerates during the Crystallization Process
Authors: Heisel Stefan , Rolfes Mareike , Wohlgemuth Kerstin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA setup for online measurement of crystallization processes was developed, where particle images were taken and in combination with artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to convert the particle size distribution into populations of single crystals and agglomerates. For generation of an ANN that discriminates all particle sizes equally well, the training set composition was investigated while proportional similarity was applied for image descriptor selection. Adipic acid/water served as a model system. The effect of the measurement setup on experiments performed for normal cooling crystallization was evaluated. It was found that the major challenge of measuring crystal agglomerates lies in superimposing aggregates that falsify the online measurement results, as offline measurements demonstrated.
Electrospun Fiber Mat Cathode with Platinum‐Group‐Metal‐Free Catalyst Powder and Nafion/PVDF Binder
Authors: Slack John , Halevi Barr , McCool Geoff , Li Jingkun , Pavlicek Ryan , Wycisk Ryszard , Mukerjee Sanjeev , Pintauro Peter 
Published: April 2018

AbstractElectrospun nanofiber cathode mats were prepared with a metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐derived Fe−N−C catalyst and a blended binder of Nafion and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The electrodes were incorporated into H2/air fuel cell membrane‐electrode assemblies (MEAs) and compared with conventional sprayed‐cathode MEAs, in terms of power output and durability. The addition of hydrophobic PVDF into the electrode binder of nanofiber and sprayed cathodes produced a stable power output for 300 hours, whereas the sprayed‐electrode MEA with neat Nafion binder exhibited a 63 % power loss. The steady‐state maximum power density output of a PGM‐free nanofiber‐cathode MEA with a 1 : 1 Nafion : PVDF cathode binder at 80 °C and 1 atm backpressure was 154 mW/cm2. MEAs with a nanofiber cathode generated significantly more power than a sprayed cathode and the nanofiber cathodes continued to produce power throughout a carbon‐corrosion voltage cycling accelerated‐stress test. After 50 carbon corrosion‐voltage cycles, the maximum power density rose from 154 to 186 mW/cm2 and then decreased to 106 mW/cm2 at 500 cycles.
1D Self‐Assembly and Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Activity of Antifreeze Glycopeptide‐Functionalized Perylene Bisimides
Authors: Adam Madeleine K. , Jarrett‐Wilkins Charles , Beards Michael , Staykov Emiliyan , MacFarlane Liam R. , Bell Toby D. M. , Matthews Jacqueline M. , Manners Ian , Faul Charl F. J. , Moens Pierre D. J. , Ben Robert N. , Wilkinson Brendan L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAntifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) are polymeric natural products that have drawn considerable interest in diverse research fields owing to their potent ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity. Self‐assembled materials have emerged as a promising class of biomimetic ice growth inhibitor, yet the development of AFGP‐based supramolecular materials that emulate the aggregative behavior of AFGPs have not yet been reported. This work reports the first example of the 1D self‐assembly and IRI activity of AFGP‐functionalized perylene bisimides (AFGP‐PBIs). Glycopeptide‐functionalized PBIs underwent 1D self‐assembly in water and showed modest IRI activity, which could be tuned through substitution of the PBI core. This work presents essential proof‐of‐principle for the development of novel IRIs as potential supramolecular cryoprotectants and glycoprotein mimics.
Angled Vortex Fluidic Mediated Multicomponent Photocatalytic and Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Ho Louisa A. , Raston Colin L. , Stubbs Keith A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe dynamic thin film formed in an angled rapidly rotating tube in a vortex fluidic device (VFD) is effective in facilitating multicomponent reactions (MCRs) as photocatalytic or metal‐mediated processes. Here, we demonstrate the utility of the VFD by using two known MCRs, an Ugi‐type three component reaction and an A3‐coupling reaction. The Ugi‐type reaction can be done in either confined or continuous‐flow modes of operation of the microfluidic platform whereas the A3‐coupling reaction was optimized for the confined mode of operation. The examples tested gave excellent yields with short reaction times.
Co/CoOx Nanoparticles Embedded on Carbon for Efficient Catalysis of Oxygen Evolution and Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Authors: Li Min , Bai Lu , Wu Shujie , Wen Xudong , Guan Jingqi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are important electrochemical reactions to realize clean energy technologies. Herein, we prepared a hybrid electrocatalyst consisting of Co/CoOx nanoparticles embedded in amorphous carbon through the simple pyrolysis of cobalt‐based zeolitic terephthalate frameworks. The pyrolysis temperature significantly influenced the structure morphology and catalytic behavior. Good contact between Co/CoOx and amorphous carbon resulted in a high catalytic efficiency. The hybrid obtained under pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C exhibited the highest performance for OER, offering a stable current density of 10 mA cm−2 at 277 mV in basic media. Besides good OER behavior, it also showed good ORR performance [onset potential: ∼0.87 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), diffusion‐limiting current density: ∼4.9 mA cm−2]. This work describes a novel and efficient catalyst, and greatly expands the scope of low‐cost Co‐based electrocatalysts for various electrochemical reactions without the need for N‐containing ligands.
Hide and seek: Turbidity, cover, and ontogeny influence aggregation behavior in juvenile salmon
Authors: McElroy Katherine Nicole , Beakes Michael P. , Merz Joseph E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAssociation with physical structure or conspecifics can impact individual growth and survival. The necessity and strength of these associations changes with environmental conditions and ontogeny, acting in concert or opposition to influence an individual's behavior and ultimate success. We conducted a field experiment on the San Joaquin River, California, with juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to test hypotheses related to the impacts of physical structure proximity and environmental and ontogenetic change on aggregating behavior of a migratory fish. We created orthogonal combinations of structural cover, turbidity, and juvenile Chinook salmon size and density by manipulating the location of artificial structure within net pens at three sites along the lower river and recorded observations of juvenile salmon swimming in aggregations with underwater video cameras. We selected the most parsimonious generalized linear mixed effects model via Akaike Information Criteria to analyze the effects of structure proximity, turbidity, and salmon size and density on aggregating behavior. The proportion of our observations composed of fish in aggregation increased significantly when fish were >3.5 m from structure; the strength of this effect declined significantly as turbidity, fish length, or fish density increased. We observed a significant decline in aggregation behavior when turbidity increased from 0.5 to 8.5 NTUand fish were more than 3.5 m from physical structure. Turbidity had minimal impact on behavior of fish within 1 m of structure. The proportion of our observations composed of fish in aggregation increased significantly when mean fish fork length increased from 45 mm to 80 mm, or fish density increased from ~0.2 n/m2to 3.5 n/m2. Collectively, these results highlight how changes in the physical environment (i.e., structure and turbidity) and ontogeny interactively affect the frequency at which juvenile salmon swim in aggregation.
Forests, shrubs, and terrain: top‐down and bottom‐up controls on forest structure
Authors: Bolstad Paul V. , Elliott Katherine J. , Miniat Chelcy F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOverstory forest structure responds to terrain‐related abiotic factors and to biotic interactions among overstory and understory plants. Unlike species abundance, tree height, biomass, and leaf area in many regions have been poorly quantified in relation to terrain‐driven environmental gradients. In addition, the magnitude of understory influences on overstory structure has been poorly characterized for many forest systems. Our primary goal was to identify relationships between terrain (elevation, convexity, exposure), evergreen understory, and overstory structure (height, aboveground biomass, leaf area) in mature deciduous forests of the southern Appalachian Mountains. We used a combination of field point and plot measurements, LiDAR, and satellite image data to sample little‐disturbed deciduous forest stands. Height, biomass, and gap frequency were significantly related to changes in elevation, exposure (aspect), and convexity (cove to ridge). Higher evergreen understory density was strongly correlated with decreases in forest height and biomass, with an impact observed across moisture, elevation, and exposure gradients. Canopies on ridges averaged half as tall at the highest evergreen understory densities when compared to those without evergreen shrubs (10 vs. 19 m), and overstory canopy height averaged 6 m shorter on sideslopes with high evergreen understory density compared to those with low evergreen understory density. Canopy height declined from low to high elevations, with larger relative decreases on ridges, but biomass increased from low to high elevations, due primarily to high biomass in coves at mid‐ to upper elevations. Biomass and canopy height declined from cove to ridge and north‐ to south‐facing slopes. Responses in canopy height and aboveground biomass associated with changes in understory evergreen density were similar to impacts due to terrain. Gaps were more frequent on south‐facing slopes. Previous studies at this site and others identify soil moisture and soil N competition as the most plausible mechanisms by which understory shrubs might influence overstory canopy structure, with low light limiting seedling recruitment as an additional mechanism. Our work suggests evergreen understory density, particularly on sideslope and ridge locations, substantially affects overstory canopy height and biomass.