bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the effect of superheating on the performance of a refrigeration system using low temperature different refrigerant blends in porous media
Authors: Tarawneh Mohammad , Jawarneh Ali M. , Tlilan Hitham , Ababneh Amer , Al–Migdady Ahmad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA comparative experimental investigation on the effect of superheating of R‐22, R‐404A, R‐407C, and R‐422A as low‐temperature refrigerant blends on the performance of a vapor compression refrigeration system is conducted. Empty and porous evaporators with porosities of (40%, 43%, and 45%) are used during the tests, to predict good alternatives to the refrigerant R‐22, which has high ozone depletion potential and high global warming potential. Condensation, evaporation temperatures, degree of subcool are kept constants at 40°C, −26°C, and 6°C (±0.5°C), respectively. The effect of superheating on the compressor discharge temperature, evaporating pressure drop, evaporating capacity, volumetric refrigeration capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) of these refrigerants has been analyzed. Refrigerants, R‐422A and R‐404A showed greater performances than that of R‐22. The percentages of increase in evaporation capacities of R‐407c, R‐22, R‐404A, and R‐422A are approximately 144%, 168%, 146.3%, and 161.5%, respectively, when changing the degrees of superheat from 6°C to 16°C and changing the porosity from empty evaporator to 40%. The percentages of increase in COP are approximately 319%, 320%, 312%, and 350%, respectively. The percentages of increase in evaporation capacities of R‐422A and R‐404A when compared with R‐22 under the same conditions are 18.6% and 8.8%, respectively, while the percentages of increase in COP when compared with R‐22 are 17% and 12%, respectively.
Fetomaternal hemorrhage among pregnant women in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Akorsu Elliot E. , Acquaye Joseph K. , Benneh Amma A. , Oppong Samuel A. , Olayemi Edeghonghon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the occurrence of and risk factors for fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) among pregnant women at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana.MethodsA prospective study of FMH among pregnant women without hemoglobinopathies in the second trimester attending prenatal care between October 2015 and May 2016 performed using the Kleihauer‐Betke test. Volume of FMH was estimated; ABO and Rh blood groups of participants were determined. A data extraction form and structured questionnaire were used to collect demographic and clinical information, and data on risk factors.ResultsOf 151 participants, 32 (21.2%) had FMH. Almost 18% (n=27) had FMH at baseline (16–24 weeks), 10% (10/100) at 28–32 weeks, and 11.1% (11/99) at 34–37 weeks of pregnancy. Volume of FMH was less than 30 mL in 30 (19.9%) women, whereas it was greater than 30 mL in 2 (1.3%) women. No identifiable patient‐specific factors were associated with occurrence of FMH.ConclusionFMH is common among pregnant women in Ghana and can occur as early as 16 weeks, without identifiable risk factors. RhD negative women who may be pregnant with RhD positive fetuses should be screened early in pregnancy, not only at delivery, for occurrence of FMH.
Light gasoil of catalytic cracking: A quantitative description of the physical properties by joint use of chromato‐mass‐spectrometry and molecular dynamics
Authors: Ilyina Margarita G. , Khamitov Edward M. , Galiakhmetov Rail N. , Mustafin Ildar A. , Akhmetov Arslan F. , Shayakhmetova Regina Kh. , Mustafin Akhat G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the present work, the composition and relative density of light gasoil of catalytic cracking (LGCC) were studied using chromato‐mass‐spectrometry and its key physical properties were numerically simulated using molecular dynamics. We have studied the distribution of hydrocarbon compounds over narrow fractions of LGCC. We have applied the ASTM D2892‐11a standard distillation to find the component composition of LGCC and its narrow fractions obtained from a mixture of West Siberian oils. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using the GROMOS96 54a7 force field for the ensemble of constant number of particles (N), pressure (P) and temperature (T) (NPT) ensemble under the constant temperature and constant pressure conditions. The topologies of the structures under study were generated by the automated topology builder (ATB) service. Both the chromatographic mass spectrometry experiments and molecular dynamics simulations indicate the contents of aromatic hydrocarbons in LGCC from the mixture of West Siberian oils up to 80 wt%.
A mixed‐methods study of cultural beliefs about dementia and genetic testing among Mexicans and Mexican‐Americans at‐risk for autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Withers Mellissa , Sayegh Philip , Rodriguez‐Agudelo Yaneth , Ernstrom Karin , Raman Rema , Montoya Lucy , Zuno‐Reyes Angelica , Mosieri Chizoba , Matute Esmeralda , Ringman John M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTrials to prevent autosomal dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) are critical and timely. However, cultural beliefs about AD and genetic testing may preclude informed consent and participation, especially among racial/ethnic minorities. This mixed‐methods study examines cultural beliefs about AD and genetic screening among at‐risk populations of Mexican heritage. We surveyed 86 Mexican and 37 Mexican‐American family members of patients with ADAD and interviewed 18 respondents in Mexico to explore perceptions and knowledge regarding AD and genetic testing. While most respondents understood that AD is inherited in their families, they also had limited understanding of the genetic mechanisms behind AD. Many believed that AD is a normal part of aging or that it is a mental illness caused by bad habits. However, beliefs that AD is caused by a curse or God's will were uncommon. The interviews demonstrated that very few at‐risk respondents understood their own risk for harboring the mutation causing AD in their family. Once informed, most expressed a strong interest in genetic testing, largely motivated by the desire to be better prepared for the development of AD. Health professionals treating and investigators enrolling members from families with ADAD cannot assume that they fully understand the nature of the illness; therefore, providers should provide comprehensive information about ADAD and genetic testing.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole Derivatives Containing Cyclopentylpropionamide as Potential Antibacterial Agent
Authors: Zhang Min , Xu Weiming , Wei Kun , Liu Hongwu , Yang Qin , Liu Qin , Yang Liyun , Luo Yuqin , Xue Wei 
Published: June 2019

This study aimed to identify new strategies for the control of these plant bacterial diseases by combining a pharmacophoric group of different bioactive compounds. A series of 3‐cyclopentylpropionamide containing 1,3,4‐thiadiazole derivatives was synthesized and characterized via 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and HRMS. Bioassay results indicated that compounds 7a, 7d, 7j, 7m, 7n, and 7s had excellent antibacterial activity compared with the positive control. Among them, compound 7a exhibited remarkable inhibitory effect against Xoo with an EC50 of 21.41 μg/mL, which surpassed that of thiodiazole copper (67.71 μg/mL) and bismerthiazol (69.05 μg/mL). Greenhouse condition tests further revealed that 7a had approximately equal curative activity and better protection activity (41.58%) against bacterial leaf blight of rice than that of thiodiazole copper and bismerthiazol (46.86 and 42.25%, respectively). Structure–activity relationship analysis exhibited that sulfone fragment favored inhibition. Overall, this study suggested that derivatives containing 1,3,4‐thiadiazole 3‐cyclopentylpropanamide can be used as new lead compounds for bactericide studies.
Utility of diffusion‐weighted imaging in association with pathologic upgrading in biopsy‐proven grade I endometrial cancer
Authors: Park Jung Jae , Kim Chan Kyo , Cho Seong Whi , Kim Jae‐Hun 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundPrediction of pathologic upgrading is clinically meaningful to identify the optimal candidate of fertility‐preserving hormonal treatment in the young patients with biopsy‐proven grade I endometrial cancer.PurposeTo investigate the utility of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in association with pathologic upgrading in endometrial cancer.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsPreoperative MRI datasets of 221 patients with grade I endometrial cancer on endometrial biopsy (n = 146), dilatation and curettage (n = 66), or either (n = 9).Field Strength/Sequence3.0T, including T2‐weighted imaging, DWI with a b‐value of 1000 s/mm2, and dynamic contrast enhanced imaging.AssessmentThe tumor size was determined as the longest diameter of the lesion. The minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmin) was calculated using histogram analysis of the entire tumor.Statistical TestsMann–Whitney U‐test, Pearson's chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsPathologic upgrading was identified in 42 patients (19.0%). Patients with pathologic upgrading had larger tumors and showed lower ADCmin values than those without pathologic upgrading (both P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve of ADCmin and tumor size was 0.812 and 0.758, respectively. On multivariate analysis, tumor ADCmin ≤0.600 × 10‐3 mm2/s (odds ratio [OR], 11.8; P < 0.001) and tumor size on MRI >3 cm (OR, 3.24; P = 0.009) were independently associated with pathologic upgrading. Upgrading occurred in 23 of 31 patients (74.2%) with ADCmin ≤0.600 × 10‐3 mm2/s and tumor size >3 cm, and in 7 of 114 patients (6.1%) with ADCmin >0.600 × 10‐3 mm2/s and tumor size ≤3 cm.Data ConclusionTumor ADC and tumor size on MRI may be useful parameters in association with pathologic upgrading in biopsy‐proven grade I endometrial cancer.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:117–123.
Temperature extreme records: World Meteorological Organization metrological and meteorological evaluation of the 54.0°C observations in Mitribah, Kuwait and Turbat, Pakistan in 2016/2017
Authors: Merlone Andrea , Al‐Dashti Hassan , Faisal Nadeem , Cerveny Randall S. , AlSarmi Said , Bessemoulin Pierre , Brunet Manola , Driouech Fatima , Khalatyan Yelena , Peterson Thomas C. , Rahimzadeh Fatemeh , Trewin Blair , Wahab M. M. Abdel , Yagan Serpil , Coppa Graziano , Smorgon Denis , Musacchio Chiara , Krahenbuhl Daniel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA World Meteorological Organization (WMO) committee officially evaluated temperature record extremes of 54.0°C at two locations, one in Mitribah, Kuwait on July 21, 2016 and a second in Turbat, Pakistan on May 28, 2017. The committee agreed that quantity and quality of documentation of both observations were excellent. Additional metrological testing of the equipment focused on three aspects: the calibration of both thermometers, an effort to estimate the factors influencing the measurements and a direct comparison of the two thermometers when exposed simultaneously to 54°C. The metrological analysis's conclusion for the Mitribah value is a temperature estimated to be 53.87°C with an expanded uncertainty of ±0.08°C. Correspondingly, for the Turbat value the temperature is estimated to be 53.72°C with an expanded uncertainty of ±0.40°C. Following that analysis, the committee recommended acceptance of the calibrated observations to the first decimal digit such that the Mitribah observation is accepted as 53.9 ± 0.1°C and the Turbat as 53.7 ± 0.4°C. The Mitribah, Kuwait temperature is now accepted by the WMO as the highest temperature ever recorded for Asia (WMO RA II) and the two observations are the third (tied within uncertainty limits) and fourth highest WMO‐recognized temperature extremes and, significantly, they are the highest, officially recognized temperatures to have been recorded in the last 76 years. This evaluation has involved the most extensive temperature extremes analysis ever to be undertaken by an international evaluation committee of the WMO CCl Archive of Weather and Climate Extremes.
Condylar‐Stabilized TKR May Not Fully Compensate for PCL‐Deficiency: An In Vitro Cadaver Study
Authors: Willing Ryan , Moslemian Alireza , Yamomo Geofrey , Wood Thomas , Howard James , Lanting Brent 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIncreased‐congruency bearing options are widely available in numerous total knee replacement (TKR) systems, with the intended purpose of compensating for posterior‐cruciate ligament (PCL) deficiency. However, their ability to provide adequate stability in this setting has been debated. This in vitro joint simulator study measured changes in knee joint kinematics and stability during passive flexion–extension motions and simulated activities of daily living resulting from TKR with condylar‐stabilized (CS) TKR without a PCL versus cruciate‐retaining (CR) TKR. During passive flexion, the CS TKR resulted in a more posterior tibial positioning than both the intact joint and CR TKR (by 3.4 ± 1.0 mm and 4.8 ± 0.7 mm, respectively). With a posterior tibial force applied, the CS TKR tibia was again significantly more posterior than that of the intact joint and CR TKR (by 4.7 ± 1.3 mm and 5.6 ± 0.8 mm, respectively). Furthermore, there were significant differences in the anterior/posterior kinematics of both TKR with respect to intact knees during gait, and differences between the CS and CR TKR during stair ascent and descent. Overall, there appears to be a reduction in anterior–posterior stability of the PCL‐deficient CS TKR knee, suggesting that contemporary increased‐congruency bearing surface designs may not adequately compensate for the loss of the PCL. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2172–2181, 2019
Growth effects in tropical nickel‐agromining ‘metal crops' in response to nutrient dosing
Authors: Nkrumah Philip Nti , Echevarria Guillaume , Erskine Peter D. , Chaney Rufus L. , Sumail Sukaibin , van der Ent Antony 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAgromining is an emerging technology that utilizes selected ‘metal crops' (= hyperaccumulator plants) to extract valuable target metals from unconventional resources for profit from mineralised soils. Growth characteristics, shoot metal concentrations, and agrominable locations are important considerations in economic agromining. Globally, the greatest potential for nickel (Ni) agromining exists in the tropics. However, the agronomic systems of tropical ‘metal crops' have not been previously tested. Furthermore, it is currently unknown whether nutrient dosing of prospective tropical agromining Ni ‘metal crops’ could possibly cause a shoot Ni‐dilution effect which may ultimately limit economically viable Ni yields. We undertook a pioneering study on Ni uptake and growth responses to nutrient dosing in two promising tropical ‘metal crops' (Phyllanthus rufuschaneyi and Rinorea cf. bengalensis). The experiment consisted of a large randomised block growth trial in large pots over 12 months in Sabah (Malaysia). At 3‐month intervals, the plants were exposed to soluble treatments that altered available concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). We found strong positive growth responses to N and P additions in P. rufuschaneyi, whereas K additions had negative growth effects. In R. cf. bengalensis, all treatments had positive growth effects. The increases in biomass in response to nutrient dosing did not significantly reduce shoot Ni concentrations in both species, with the exception of N addition in P. rufuschaneyi. This study reveals that Ni uptake and growth responses to nutrient dosing are species‐dependent, primarily influenced by the ecophysiology of the species. Inorganic fertilization could possibly be an important component of the management of local ‘metal crops' to be used in viable commercial agromining in the tropics, but this needs to be tested in the field with different formulations of N, P, and K.
Innovative technologies in virgin olive oil extraction process: influence on volatile compounds and organoleptic characteristics
Authors: Caponio Francesco , Leone Alessandro , Squeo Giacomo , Tamborrino Antonia , Summo Carmine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDInnovative technologies are experimentally applied to the virgin olive oil extraction process in order to make it continuous and more efficient. Most of the efforts aim at overcoming the limitations of the traditional malaxation step, which, however, is essential for the development of virgin olive oil sensory notes.RESULTSCompared to the traditional process, innovative technologies based on the heat exchanger led generally to a decrement in volatile lipoxygenase (LOX) alcohols linked to alcohol dehydrogenase activity and, conversely, to a slightly increase in volatile LOX esters. Aldehydes from the same pathway were not significantly affected. However, an industrial combined plant constructed from a heat exchanger, low‐frequency ultrasound device and microwave apparatus determined the highest ‘fruity’ intensity perceived by panellists, in accordance with the highest value of total volatiles, with values significantly higher than heat exchanger alone, which, instead, had the lowest levels of hexanal and LOX alcohols. The pungent taste showed the same trend observed for ‘fruity’ intensity, whereas bitter taste did not show significant differences among trials.CONCLUSIONThe introduction of ultrasound, coupled with heat exchanger and microwave, seemed not to modify the behaviour of enzymes of the LOX pathway, and the obtained virgin olive oils showed volatiles and organoleptic characteristics not significantly different from those obtained by the traditional olive oil extraction process. These findings provided the first insights into the effect of the combination of innovative technologies in the olive oil extraction process on virgin olive oil volatiles and sensory characteristics. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Inhibitory effect of corosolic acid on α‐glucosidase: kinetics, interaction mechanism, and molecular simulation
Authors: Ni Mengting , Pan Junhui , Hu Xing , Gong Deming , Zhang Guowen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe suppression of α‐glucosidase activity to retard glucose absorption is an important therapy for type‐2 diabetes. Corosolic acid (CRA) is a potential antidiabetic component in many plant‐based foods and herbs. In this study, the interplay mechanism between α‐glucosidase and corosolic acid was investigated by several methods, including three‐dimensional fluorescence spectra, circular dichroism spectra, and molecular simulation.RESULTSCorosolic acid significantly inhibited α‐glucosidase reversibly in an uncompetitive manner and its IC50 value was 1.35 × 10−5 mol L−1. A combination of CRA with myricetin exerted a weak synergy against α‐glucosidase. The intrinsic fluorescence of α‐glucosidase was quenched via a static quenching course and the binding constant was 3.47 × 103 L mol−1 at 298 K. The binding of CRA to α‐glucosidase was mainly driven by hydrophobic forces and resulted in a partial extension of the protein polypeptide chain with a loss of α‐helix content. The molecular simulation illustrated that CRA bound to the entrance part of the active center of α‐glucosidase and interacted with the amino acid residues Ser157, Arg442, Phe303, Arg315, Tyr158, and Gln353, which could hinder the release of substrate and catalytic reaction product, eventually suppressing the catalytic activity of α‐glucosidase.CONCLUSIONSThese results may suggest new insights into corosolic acid from food sources as a potential α‐glucosidase inhibitor that could better control diabetes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Diet quality indices and cardiovascular diseases risk factors among diabetic women
Authors: Daneshzad Elnaz , Larijani Bagher , Azadbakht Leila 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiabetes is a common chronic disease with many complications and is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The present study aimed to investigate the association of diet quality indices and CVD risk factors among diabetic women. This cross‐sectional study was conducted in 230 Tehrani women with type 2 diabetes. A validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire was completed to assess the dietary intake. Diet quality indices were considered with respect to adherence to the Healthy Eating Index‐2010 (HEI‐2010) and Diet Quality Index‐International (DQI‐I). Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and biochemical tests were assessed. CVD risk factors were evaluated according to the adult treatment panel III.RESULTSPatients who were in the top tertile of the DQI consumed less fat, saturated fatty acids and sodium, as well as more protein, fiber, iron and calcium (P < 0.05). Participants who were in the top tertile of diet quality indices consumed less processed and organ meat and more fruits, and vegetables. Patients in the highest tertile of HEI had lower fasting blood sugar levels (148.92 ± 6.05 mg dL−1 versus 171.30 ± 5.79 mg dL−1, P = 0.021). There was no significant association between DQI‐I, HEI and other CVD risk factors.CONCLUSIONThere was no association between diet quality indices and CVD risk factors among diabetic patients. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Stereoselective separation of (1S, 4S)‐sertraline from medicinal reaction mixtures by countercurrent chromatography with hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin as stereoselective selector
Authors: Sun Wenyu , Wang Chaoyue , Jin Yang , Wang Xiang , Zhao Shanshan , Luo Meng , Yan Jizhong , Tong Shengqiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFour stereoisomeric components were produced during the synthesis of the antidepressant drug (1S, 4S)‐sertraline hydrochloride due to the two chiral carbon centers in its chemical structure, including (1S, 4S), (1R, 4R), (1S, 4R), and (1R, 4S)‐isomer. Stereoselective separation of the target isomer (1S, 4S)‐sertraline from the medicinal reaction mixtures by countercurrent chromatography using hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin as the stereoselective selector was investigated. A biphasic solvent system composed of n‐hexane/0.20 mol/L phosphate buffer solution with pH 7.6 containing 0.10 mol/L of hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) was selected for separation of cis‐sertraline and trans‐sertraline using reverse phase elution mode and (1S, 4S)‐sertraline was separated with (1R, 4R)‐sertraline using recycling elution mode. A fabricated in‐house analytical countercurrent chromatographic apparatus was used for optimization of the separation conditions. Stationary phase retention and peak resolution were investigated for separation of cis‐sertraline and trans‐sertraline by the analytical apparatus.
Hofstede, cultural differences, and TripAdvisor hotel reviews
Authors: Litvin Stephen W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPrior research has shown that Hofstede's cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance helps explain travel planning and vacation behaviors. The current research extends our understanding; finding the dimension helps also explain posttrip attitude and satisfaction. TripAdvisor ratings and review comments by travelers from multiple nations were analyzed to establish the relationship between national culture and the tested variables. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.