bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oils
Authors: Gonçalves Maria Vanaina Souza , Silva Luiz Everson da , Amaral Wanderlei  Amaral Do , Quadros Diomar Augusto de , Reis Rodrigo Arantes , Amaral Lucas Diovani Parabocz do , Garcia Bruna , Deschamps Cícero 
Published: April 2018

Plant secondary metabolites have attracted considerable attention from the industry as consumers are increasing their interest for natural products over chemically synthesized reagents to be used as additives in food, cosmetics or pharmaceuticals. Some plant essential oils show significant antimicrobial properties and this could be exploited to produce new food preservatives or novel antimicrobial formulations. Here we describe the extraction, chemical analysis and antimicrobial properties of grass lemon Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oils. Essential oils were extracted from dried leaves using hydrodestilation and their composition was established by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Agar diffusion assays indicated that C. citratus and C. flexuosus essential oils act as antimicrobial agents against both gram negative and gram positive model organisms. These data support that lemon grass essential oils can be used as an alternative for microbiological control.
Nuevos datos para la interpretación de La conversión de Recaredo de Antonio Muñoz Degrain.
Authors: Bermejo de Rueda Leticia 
Published: April 2018

Localizada la carta en la que Antonio Muñoz Degrain desvela sus fuentes de inspiración para ejecutar La conversión de Recaredo, hemos realizado un minucioso estudio de los libros de Historia del siglo XIX que nos ha permitido comprobar la visión decimonónica del reino visigodo y el grado de veracidad que fue capaz de manifestar Muñoz Degrain. Por otra parte, y dada la cronología de la obra, nos centramos en la representación de la Corona de Recesvinto perteneciente al Tesoro de Guarrazar.
Major medical causes by breed and life stage for dogs presented at veterinary clinics in the Republic of Korea: a survey of electronic medical records
Authors: Kim Eunju , Choe Changyong , Yoo Jae Gyu , Oh Sang-Ik , Jung Younghun , Cho Ara , Kim Suhee , Do Yoon Jung 
Published: April 2018

Background. Age and breed are considered the greatest risk factors for disease incidence and mortality in companion dogs. Understanding the incidence of diseases, in relation to age and breed, would support appropriate guidance for future health care strategies and provide useful information for the early diagnosis of diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the major medical causes for dogs visiting primary-care veterinary clinics in the Republic of Korea, stratified by age and breed.
Methods. A total of 15,531 medical records of canine patients were analyzed from 11 veterinary clinics who shared data from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016. An electronic medical record (EMR) system was used for data collection, which included the animal identification number, species, date of birth, breed, gender, neuter status, clinical information, and diagnosis. EMR data were classified using the International Classification of Disease system from the World Health Organization; signs and symptoms were identified according to breed and life stage.
Results. Within the age groups, preventive medicine (16.7% CI; 15.9–17.5) was the most common cause for clinic visits for the <1 y and 1–3 y groups. Additionally, neutering surgery (6.6% CI; 6.0–7.1) and patella luxation (1.4% CI; 1.8–2.7) were frequently performed in these age groups. In the 4–6 y group, otitis externa (8.8% CI; 7.8–10.0) and dermatitis or eczema (8.5% CI; 7.5–9.6) were common medical problems. In older dogs (>10 y), the incidences of heart disease, kidney disease, Cushing’s disease, and mammary tumors were higher than in the other age groups. In addition, these diseases were correlated with age groups (p<0.05). Small and toy breed dogs comprised 74.9% of all dogs in this analysis. For all breeds, otitis externa, dermatitis or eczema, vomiting, and diarrhea were common medical problems. The incidences of these diseases were correlated with breed groups (p<0.05).
Discussion. This study identified the most common medical disorders and differences in incidences of diseases, according to age and breed groups. The information from EMRs for dogs visiting primary-care veterinary clinics can provide background knowledge that is required to enable a better understanding of disease patterns and occurrence by age and breed groups. The information from this study could enable the creation of strategies for preventing diseases and enable the identification of health problems for more effective disease management in companion dogs.
Análise micológica durante a decomposição cadavérica.
Authors: Goebel Cristine Souza , Oliveira Flávio De Mattos , Severo Luiz Carlos , Picanço Juliane Bentes , Alho Clarice Sampaio 
Published: April 2018

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="line-height: 15px;">Introdução: Assim como na entomologia forense, onde os insetos fornecem informações para a medicina legal, os fungos, que </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">também aparecem na superfície dos corpos de humanos e animais em decomposição, podem ser uma ferramenta útil para a </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">Tanatologia. Devido às variações climáticas, geográficas e ecológicas das diferentes regiões do mundo, as informações acerca do </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">padrão fúngico terão diferentes contribuições na micologia forense. Objetivo: Analisar o crescimento dos fungos em cadáveres </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">de suínos em decomposição na região metropolitana da capital do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, durante o verão. Métodos: Foram </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">utilizados dois suínos expostos em ambiente aberto no município de Viamão, durante o verão (mês de dezembro). As colheitas </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">de amostras fúngicas foram realizadas com um intervalo de 5, 10, 15, 20 e 30 (dias após a exposição). Resultados e Conclusão: </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">Em 30 dias de exposição os fungos isolados foram predominantemente Candida spp e Penicillium spp. Este é o primeiro trabalho </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">que trata do tema no Brasil.</span></p>
Práticas de saúde na atenção primária e uso de psicotrópicos: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Wanderley Thyago Da Costa , Cavalcanti Alessandro Leite , Santos Silvana 
Published: April 2018

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="line-height: 15px;">Introdução: A Atenção Primária à Saúde é responsável pela solução dos principais problemas de saúde da comunidade inclusive o </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">tratamento de pessoas com transtornos mentais, reforçando a necessidade do estreitamento dos vínculos entre equipes de saúde </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">mental e saúde da família no que diz respeito o uso racional de psicotrópicos. Objetivo: descrever o que a literatura discute a respeito </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">das práticas de saúde na atenção primária à saúde e o uso de psicotrópicos. Metodologia: realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">literatura baseada em dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e PUBMED. Resultados: foi prevalente o uso de psicofármacos em: </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">mulheres; desempregados e indivíduos com níveis sociais mais elevados. O uso aumenta com o avançar da idade ocorrendo de </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">forma prolongada e concomitante a outros psicotrópicos. No Brasil, as prescrições eram feitas por psiquiatras, não condizendo com </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">a realidade de outros países onde as prescrições advinham da atenção básica por clínicos. As fontes de dados utilizadas nos estudos</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="line-height: 15px;">eram bancos de prescrições das farmácias dos municípios, o que impossibilita a real avaliação das prescrições dos indivíduos e a </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">certeza do cumprimento do tratamento. Conclusão: é necessário o aperfeiçoamento das práticas de saúde na assistência em saúde </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">mental, na perspectiva da atenção primária à saúde, relativo ao fenômeno do uso racional de psicotrópicos. Foi possível traçar um </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">panorama da situação do uso indiscriminado e o insuficiente controle do uso dessa classe de medicamentos. A identificação de </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">fragilidades pode contribuir para a proposta de intervenções a resolução da situação enquanto problema de saúde pública.</span></p>
Avaliação in vitro do selamento marginal de sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes
Authors: Aguiar Yêska Paola Costa , Dantas Darlene Cristina Ramos Eloy , Ribeiro Ana Isabella Arruda Meira , Sousa Yasmine De Carvalho , Lima Rennaly De Freitas , Cavalcanti Alessandro Leite 
Published: April 2018

<p class="Default" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="line-height: 15px;">Objetivo: Avaliar in vitro o selamento marginal de restaurações classe II em resina composta após a aplicação de sistemas adesivos </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">autocondicionantes. Metodologia: A amostra foi composta por quarenta terceiros molares humanos hígidos, nos quais foram </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">realizados preparos cavitários Classe II nas faces mesial e distal, sendo os elementos dentários divididos em quatro grupos (n=20) </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">de acordo com o tipo de adesivo utilizado: G1: Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray), G2: Adper SE Plus (3M/ESPE), G3: AdperEasyOne SE (3M/</span><span style="line-height: 15px;">ESPE), G4: GO! (SDI). Todas as cavidades foram restauradas com resina composta Filtek Z250 (3M/ ESPE). Após armazenamento, os </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">elementos foram submetidos à termociclagem (500 ciclos: 5°C/55°C) e imersos em solução de azul de metileno a 2% por 24 horas.</span></p><p class="Default" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="line-height: 15px;">Os espécimes sofreram corte no sentido longitudinal e foi realizada a avaliação do grau de microinfiltração na interface dente/</span><span style="line-height: 15px;">material restaurador através de escores. Os resultados foram avaliados com o auxílio do software SPSS (Statistical Package for the </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">Social Sciences) na versão 15 por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis, sendo adotando um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">Em relação aos substratos dentina ou esmalte, não houve diferença estatística significativa quanto aos diferentes tipos de adesivos </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">utilizados (p>0,05). Entretanto, entre os diferentes grupos comparados para o substrato esmalte, observou-se diferença significativa </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">entre os sistemas adesivos Clearfil SE Bond e Adper SE Plus (p<0,05). Conclusão: Nenhum dos adesivos testados foi capaz de impedir </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">a infiltração marginal, não sendo observadas diferenças com relação ao grau de infiltração nos substratos esmalte e dentina.</span></p>
DISCLOSURE DE INFORMAÇÕES DOS CAPITAIS NÃO FINANCEIROS DO SETOR DE UTILIDADE PÚBLICA DA BM&FBOVESPA: UMA EVIDÊNCIA A PARTIR DO RELATO INTEGRADO
Authors: Gomes de Lima Hortência , Silva Roseane Patrícia De Araújo 
Published: April 2018

<p>O presente estudo apresenta como objetivo avaliar como se comporta o nível de divulgação das empresas do setor de utilidade pública listadas na BM&amp;FBOVESPA no que concerne às informações integradas de capitais não financeiros disponibilizadas em seus relatos integrados durante os anos de 2014 e 2015. Para concretizar tal objetivo utilizou-se de um <em>cheklist</em> de indicadores elaborado a partir das especificações do Relato Integrado (2013). Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal, descritivo e quali-quantitativo. A amostra foi composta por 24 empresas, sendo 04 do subsetor de água e saneamento e 20 do subsetor energia elétrica. Os principais resultados denotam que os indicadores que mais se destacam são os existentes no capital natural, no capital humano e no capital social e de relacionamento, nesta ordem, enquanto o que o capital intelectual é o menos evidenciado. Quanto ao índice médio de divulgação de cada capital não financeiro por subsetor, pode-se encontrar que o subsetor de água e saneamento apresentou maiores índices de divulgação dos capitais natural e humano que o subsetor de energia elétrica. Os níveis de governança corporativa que mais se destacam são o Novo Mercado e o Nível 2, porém sem diferenças significativas em relação aos demais segmentos. O referido trabalho contribui para uma abordagem mais analítica da incidência de informações não financeiras em relatos integrados disponibilizados por organizações que necessitam maior empenho em seu processo de legitimidade. </p>
Triethylamine Enables Catalytic Generation of Oxidopyrylium Ylides for [5+2] Cycloadditions with Alkenes: An Efficient Entry to 8‐Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Frameworks
Authors: Toda Yasunori , Shimizu Masahiro , Iwai Taichi , Suga Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn efficient method for the preparation of a range of 8‐oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivatives including synthetic intermediates of natural products is described, in which triethylamine effectively catalyzes [5+2] cycloaddition reactions between oxidopyrylium ylides and alkenes. This method can be applied not only to intermolecular cycloadditions with various alkenes but also to intramolecular cycloadditions. The key finding is that the combined use of organic bases having appropriate basicity and oxidopyrylium ylide precursors bearing a suitable leaving group facilitates the base‐assisted generation of oxidopyrylium ylides in a catalytic manner.magnified image
Five-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial comparing open surgery, foam sclerotherapy and endovenous laser ablation for great saphenous varicose veins
Authors: Vähäaho S , Halmesmäki K , Albäck A , Saarinen E , Venermo M 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
New treatment methods have challenged open surgery as a treatment for great saphenous vein (GSV) insufficiency, the most common being ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) and endovenous laser ablation (EVLA). This study evaluated the long-term results of surgery, EVLA and UGFS in the treatment of GSV reflux.

Methods
Patients with symptomatic GSV reflux were randomized to undergo either open surgery, EVLA or UGFS. The main outcome measure was the occlusion rate of the GSV at 5 years after operation.

Results
The study included 196 patients treated during 2008–2010; of these, 166 (84·7 per cent) participated in the 5-year follow-up. At 5 years, the GSV occlusion rate was 96 (95 per cent c.i. 91 to 100) per cent in the open surgery group, 89 (82 to 98) per cent after EVLA and 51 (38 to 64) per cent after UGFS (P &lt; 0·001). For patients who had received no additional treatment during follow-up, the occlusion rates were 96 per cent (46 of 48), 89 per cent (51 of 57) and 41 per cent (16 of 39) respectively. UGFS without further GSV treatment was successful in only 16 of 59 patients (27 per cent) at 5 years.

Conclusion
UGFS has significantly inferior occlusion rates compared with open surgery or EVLA, and results in additional treatments.
Steric/π‐Electronic Insulation of the carbo‐Benzene Ring: Dramatic Effects of tert‐Butyl versus Phenyl Crowns on Geometric, Chromophoric, Redox, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Listunov Dymytrii , Duhayon Carine , Poater Albert , Mazères Serge , Saquet Alix , Maraval Valérie , Chauvin Remi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHexa‐tert‐butyl‐carbo‐benzene (C18tBu6) and three phenylated counterparts (C18tBumPh6−m; m=4, 2) have been synthesized. The peralkylated version (m=6) provides experimental access to intrinsic features of the insulated C18 core independently from the influence of π‐conjugated substituent. Over the series, structural, spectroscopic, and electrochemical properties are compared with those of the hexaphenylated reference (m=0). Anchoring tBu substituents at the C18 macrocycle is shown to enhance stability and solubility, and to dramatically modify UV/Vis absorption and redox properties. Whereas all carbo‐benzenes reported previously were obtained as dark‐reddish/greenish solids, crystals and solutions of C18tBu6 happen to be yellow (λmax=379 vs. 472 nm for C18Ph6). In comparison to C18Ph6, the reduction of C18tBu6 remains reversible, but occurs at twice as high an absolute potential (E1/2=−1.36 vs. −0.72 V). Systematic XRD analyses and DFT calculations show that the C18 ring symmetry is the nearest to D6h for m=6, which indicates a maximum geometric aromaticity. According to calculated nucleus‐independent chemical shifts (NICS), the macrocyclic magnetic aromaticity is also maximum for C18tBu6: NICS(0)=−17.2 ppm versus (−18.0±0.1) ppm for the theoretical references C18H6 and C18F6, and −13.5 ppm for C18Ph6. Accurate correlations of NICS(0) with experimentally recorded or calculated maximum UV/Vis absorption wavelengths, λmax, and chemical hardness, η=ELUMO−EHOMO, are evidenced.
Accelerated Forced Degradation of Pharmaceuticals in Levitated Microdroplet Reactors
Authors: Li Yangjie , Liu Yong , Gao Hong , Helmy Roy , Wuelfing W. Peter , Welch Christopher J. , Cooks R. Graham 
Published: April 2018

AbstractForced degradation is a method of studying the stability of pharmaceuticals in order to design stable formulations and predict drug product shelf life. Traditional methods of reaction and analysis usually take multiple days, and include LC‐UV and LC‐MS product analysis. In this study, the reaction/analysis sequence was accelerated to be completed within minutes using Leidenfrost droplets as reactors (acceleration factor: 23–188) and nanoelectrospray ionization MS analysis. The Leidenfrost droplets underwent the same reactions as seen in traditional bulk solution experiments for three chemical degradations studied. This combined method of accelerated reaction and analysis has the potential to be extended to forced degradation of other pharmaceuticals and to drug formulations. Control of reaction rate and yield is achieved by manipulating droplet size, levitation time and whether or not make‐up solvent is added. Evidence is provided that interfacial effects contribute to rate acceleration.
The implications of cocaine use and associated behaviors on adverse cardiovascular outcomes among veterans: Insights from the VA Clinical Assessment, Reporting, and Tracking (CART) Program
Authors: Gunja Ateka , Stanislawski Maggie A. , Barón Anna E. , Maddox Thomas M. , Bradley Steven M. , Vidovich Mladen I. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundCocaine use has been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). It is unclear whether this is due to direct effects of cocaine or other factors.HypothesisCocaine use is associated with worse outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac catheterizationMethodsWe used the Veterans Affairs database to identify veterans undergoing coronary catheterization between 2007 and 2014. We analyzed association between cocaine use and 1‐year all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) among veterans with obstructive CAD (N = 122 035). To explore factors contributing to these associations, we sequentially adjusted for cardiac risk factors, risky behaviors, and clinical conditions directly affected by cocaine.Results3082 (2.5%) veterans were cocaine users. Cocaine users were younger (median 58.2 vs 65.3 years; P < 0.001), more likely to be African American (58.9% vs 10.6%; P < 0.001), and had fewer traditional cardiac risk factors. After adjustment for cardiac risk factors, cocaine was associated with increased risk of mortality (HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.08‐1.39), MI (HR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.07‐1.83), and CVA (HR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.38‐2.57). With continued adjustment, increased CVA risk remained significantly associated with cocaine use, whereas MI risk was mediated by risky behaviors and mortality was fully explained by conditions directly affected by cocaine.ConclusionsCocaine use is associated with adverse cardiac events in veterans with CAD. Contributors to this association are multifaceted and specific to individual cardiovascular outcomes, including associated risky behaviors and direct effects of cocaine. Effective intervention programs to reduce cardiac events in this population will require multiple components addressing these factors.
A novel dynamic opto‐thermo‐mechanical stress testing device 1: Design of the device
Authors: Sokkar T. Z. N. , El‐Farahaty K. A. , El‐Bakary M. A. , Raslan M. I. , Hanash F. E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article presents a dynamic opto‐thermo‐mechanical stress testing device to characterize fiber properties. The device has multi‐modes and consists of many functions. These modes include stretching, bending, rotating, twisting, and heating processes. Every process can be controlled by micro‐controller unit via software programs specially designed for this purpose. The micro‐controller unit can execute two different processes at the same time. Such as, dynamic stretching process under the effect of thermal treatment, dynamic stretching process and relaxation, bending process under the effect of thermal treatment, and so forth. Software programs with their flow charts are designed for the application of these processes. The advantage of this device is that it can be done statically and dynamically to characterize all types of fibers (polymer and optical). The device is designed to be attached with two‐beam polarizing interference microscope to investigate the dynamic opto‐thermo‐mechanical properties of the tested fiber under the effect of different applied stresses. Isotactic polypropylene, iPP, fiber is used for some applications of this device, as examples, in stretching, rotation, and twisting modes. Interferograms and graphs are given for illustration.
Development of chemotherapy and significance of conversion surgery after chemotherapy in unresectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Furuse Junji , Shibahara Junji , Sugiyama Masanori 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhile surgery currently remains the only potentially curative treatment available for pancreatic cancer, only 20% to 30% of patients have resectable disease at diagnosis. Recently, with the introduction of intensive chemotherapy regimens such as oxaliplatin, irinotecan, fluorouracil plus leucovorin (FOLFIRINOX) and gemcitabine plus nab‐paclitaxel, for the treatment of unresectable pancreatic cancer, the antitumor activity and overall survival in patients with pancreatic cancer have dramatically improved. These advances in intensive chemotherapy have led to the possibility of conversion of unresectable disease to resectable disease, and it has been reported that more than 20% of pancreatic cancer patients with unresectable locally advanced disease at diagnosis undergo successful conversion surgery after FOLFIRINOX therapy. In metastatic pancreatic cancer, resection for the primary lesion of pancreatic cancer may show some benefits for some patients with complete resolution of metastases by chemotherapy. Furthermore, surgical resection in some patients with only a few metastases, so‐called oligometastases, have also been reported. Conversion surgery is becoming increasingly possible with the introduction of intensive chemotherapies, however, the actual clinical benefits of resection in such cases has not yet been sufficiently investigated. The long‐term safety, feasibility and outcomes still need to be investigated in well‐designed, multi‐institutional studies on a large number of patients.