bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘A development of practical Catholic Emancipation’: laying the foundations for the Roman Catholic urban landscape, 1850–1900
Authors: NICGHABHANN NIAMH 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT:The infrastructures of devotion and religious worship in Ireland changed dramatically during the course of the nineteenth century. This article examines the foundation stone ceremonies that marked the beginning of several large-scale building Roman Catholic church building projects between 1850 and 1900, and in particular considers the extent to which these highly visible and ceremonial events prefigured the more permanent occupation of public space by the new buildings. These foundation stone ceremonies were complex events that reflected contemporary political issues such as land rights as much as they engaged with the spiritual concerns of the Roman Catholic congregations in Ireland during this period.
Football clubs, city images and cultural differentiation: identifying with rivalling Vitesse Arnhem and NEC Nijmegen
Authors: VERRIET JON 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT:How are deep relationships between city and club identification formed, and are they inevitable? The aim of this article is to provide a historical analysis of the rivalry between two football clubs, Vitesse Arnhem and NEC Nijmegen, explicating their various ‘axes of enmity’. Supporters, club officials and observers of these two clubs created and selectively maintained similarities between respective city image and club image. The process of ‘othering’ influenced both city and club images and helped create oppositional identities. Herein, football identification reflects broader societal needs for a place-based identity, and for a coherent image of both self and other.
Food in rural northern Norway in relation to Sami ethnicity: the SAMINOR 2 Clinical Survey
Authors: Petrenya Natalia , Skeie Guri , Melhus Marita , Brustad Magritt 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate current food intake in the population of northern Norway and to investigate the impact of self-perceived Sami ethnicity and region of residence on food intake.DesignThe data are part of the second cross-sectional survey of the Population-based Study on Health and Living Conditions in Regions with Sami and Norwegian Populations (the SAMINOR 2 Clinical Survey, 2012–2014). Food intake was assessed by an FFQ. Ethnic and regional differences in food intake were studied by sex-specific, multivariable-adjusted quantile regression models.SettingTen municipalities (rural northern Norway).SubjectsMales (n2054) and females (n2450) aged 40–69 years (2743 non-Sami, 622 multi-ethnic Sami, 1139 Sami).ResultsThe diet of Sami participants contained more reindeer meat, moose meat, food made with animal blood and freshwater fish; and contained less lean fish and vegetables. In the inland region, the consumption of reindeer meat was greatest in Sami participants, followed by multi-ethnic Sami participants and non-Sami participants, who had the lowest consumption (median 25, 12 and 8 g/d, respectively). Compared with the inland region, fish roe/liver intake was higher in the coastal region and lean fish intake was twice as high (41 and 32 g/d in males and females, respectively).ConclusionsWhen compared with non-Sami participants, those with solely self-perceived Sami ethnicity reported a significantly different intake of several foods, especially reindeer meat in the inland region. Multi-ethnic Sami tended to have similar diets to non-Sami. Residence in the coastal region predicted higher fish and roe/liver intake.
Parting ways or lashing back? Withdrawals, backlash and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Authors: Soley Ximena , Steininger Silvia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper will analyse instances and threats of withdrawal from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) in order to assess whether those cases can be qualified as backlash. Backlash often serves as an umbrella term for any form of disagreement, hence we differentiate ‘backlash’ from closely connected concepts such as ‘contestation’ and ‘resistance’. In the empirical part of this paper, we examine four cases of withdrawal from the IACtHR or threats thereof, namely Trinidad and Tobago, the Dominican Republic, Peru and Venezuela. The case-studies revealed that the criticism against the IACtHR is fuelled by a combination of three conditions, namely costs of membership, the domestic political system and the domestic impact of the judgments. Ultimately, the specific framework of the IACtHR allows innovative starting points to manage state discontent, in particular the two-tiered structure, the alliance with civil society and the presence of compliance partners within the state.
The limits of international adjudication: authority and resistance of regional economic courts in times of crisis
Authors: Caserta Salvatore , Cebulak Pola 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe paper compares the involvement of four regional economic courts in legal disputes mirroring constitutional, political and social crises at national or regional levels. These four judicial bodies of the EU, the Andean Community, the East African Community and the Central American Integration System have all faced varied forms of resistance to their involvement and their general authority. By comparing these four case-studies from across the globe, the paper identifies institutional and contextual factors that explain the uneven resistance. While the regional economic courts in Central America and East Africa were subject to backlash from the Member States, their counterparts in Europe and Latin America avoided backlash but at the price of achieving only a narrow authority.
Intense Granular Sheetflow in Steep Streams
Authors: Palucis Marisa C. , Ulizio Tom , Fuller Brian , Lamb Michael P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractQuantifying sediment transport rates in mountainous streams is important for hazard prediction, stream restoration, and landscape evolution. While much of the channel network has steep bed slopes, little is known about the mechanisms of sediment transport for bed slopes between 10% < S < 30%, where both fluvial transport and debris flows occur. To explore these slopes, we performed experiments in a 12‐m‐long sediment recirculating flume with a nearly uniform gravel bed. At 20% and 30% bed gradients, we observed a 4‐to‐10 particle‐diameter thick, highly concentrated sheetflow layer between the static bed below and the more dilute bedload layer above. Sheetflow thickness increased with steeper bed slopes, and particle velocities increased with bed shear velocity. Sheetflows occurred at Shields stresses close to the predicted bedload‐to‐debris flow transition, suggesting a change of behavior from bedload to sheetflow to debris flow as the bed steepens.
Titan's Meteorology Over the Cassini Mission: Evidence for Extensive Subsurface Methane Reservoirs
Authors: Turtle E. P. , Perry J. E. , Barbara J. M. , Del Genio A. D. , Rodriguez S. , Le Mouélic S. , Sotin C. , Lora J. M. , Faulk S. , Corlies P. , Kelland J. , MacKenzie S. M. , West R. A. , McEwen A. S. , Lunine J. I. , Pitesky J. , Ray T. L. , Roy M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCassini observations of Titan's weather patterns over >13 years, almost half a Saturnian year, provide insight into seasonal circulation patterns and the methane cycle. The Imaging Science Subsystem and the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer documented cloud locations, characteristics, morphologies, and behavior. Clouds were generally more prevalent in the summer hemisphere, but there were surprises in locations and timing of activity: Southern clouds were common at midlatitudes, northern clouds initially appeared much sooner than model predictions, and north polar summer convective systems did not appear before the mission ended. Differences from expectations constrain atmospheric circulation models, revealing factors that best match observations, including the roles of surface and subsurface reservoirs. The preference for clouds at mid‐northern latitudes rather than near the pole is consistent with models that include widespread polar near‐surface methane reservoirs in addition to the lakes and seas, suggesting a broader subsurface methane table is accessible to the atmosphere.
Afterslip Enhanced Aftershock Activity During the 2017 Earthquake Sequence Near Sulphur Peak, Idaho
Authors: Koper Keith D. , Pankow Kristine L. , Pechmann James C. , Hale J. Mark , Burlacu Relu , Yeck William L. , Benz Harley M. , Herrmann Robert B. , Trugman Daniel T. , Shearer Peter M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn energetic earthquake sequence occurred during September to October 2017 near Sulphur Peak, Idaho. The normal‐faulting Mw 5.3 mainshock of 2 September 2017 was widely felt in Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming. Over 1,000 aftershocks were located within the first 2 months, 29 of which had magnitudes ≥4.0 ML. High‐accuracy locations derived with data from a temporary seismic array show that the sequence occurred in the upper (<10 km) crust of the Aspen Range, east of the northern section of the range‐bounding, west‐dipping East Bear Lake Fault. Moment tensors for 77 of the largest events show normal and strike‐slip faulting with a summed aftershock moment that is 1.8–2.4 times larger than the mainshock moment. We propose that the unusually high productivity of the 2017 Sulphur Peak sequence can be explained by aseismic afterslip, which triggered a secondary swarm south of the coseismic rupture zone beginning ~1 day after the mainshock.
A Maximum Spreading Speed for Magnetopause Reconnection
Authors: Walsh B. M. , Welling D. T. , Zou Y. , Nishimura Y. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPast observations and numerical modeling find magnetic reconnection to initiate at a localized region and then spread along a current sheet. The rate of spreading has been proposed to be controlled by a number of mechanisms based on the properties within the boundary. At the Earth's magnetopause the spreading speed is also limited by the speed at which a shocked solar wind front can move along the magnetopause boundary. The speed at which a purely north to south rotational discontinuity propagates through the magnetosheath and contacts the magnetopause is measured here using the Block‐Adaptive‐Tree Solar Wind Roe‐Type Upwind Scheme global magnetohydrodynamics model. The propagation speed along the magnetopause is fastest near the nose of the magnetopause and decreases with distance from the subsolar point. The average propagation speed along the dayside magnetopause is 847 km/s. This is significantly larger than observed rates of reconnection spreading at the magnetopause of 30–40 km/s indicating that, for the observed conditions, the speed of front propagation along the magnetopause does not limit or control the spreading rate of reconnection.
NaCl Crust Architecture and Its Impact on Evaporation: Three‐Dimensional Insights
Authors: Nachshon Uri , Weisbrod Noam , Katzir Roee , Nasser Ahmed 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSalt precipitation over porous media due to evaporation is known to affect various important processes, including evaporation itself. Many studies have shown that salt crust precipitation reduces evaporation rate, and it has been suggested that the crust constitutes a barrier to vapor flow. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how a porous medium such as the salt crust does not enable upward liquid water transfer by capillary flow. Herein, we show by various imaging methods that the salt crust grows out of specific nucleation centers, to create an elevated crust approximately 1 mm above the matrix surface, most of which is disconnected from the matrix. This indicates that evaporation from a porous medium that is covered by NaCl efflorescence salt crust may occur below the crust, at the soil surface.
The Inequality of Climate Change From 1.5 to 2°C of Global Warming
Authors: King Andrew D. , Harrington Luke J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Paris Agreement aims to keep global warming well below 2°C above preindustrial levels with a preferred ambitious 1.5°C target. Developing countries, especially small island nations, pressed for the 1.5°C target to be adopted, but who will suffer the largest changes in climate if we miss this target? Here we show that exceeding the 1.5°C global warming target would lead to the poorest experiencing the greatest local climate changes. Under these circumstances greater support for climate adaptation to prevent poverty growth would be required.
Spatial Distribution of Diffusivity Coefficients and the Effects on Water Mass Modification in the North Pacific
Authors: Kouketsu Shinya 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThree‐dimensional velocity, diapycnal mixing, and isopycnal mixing fields were estimated based on long‐term mean (2001–2015) salinity distributions obtained with Argo float arrays on neutral‐density (γ) surfaces. Strong estimated isopycnal mixings were associated with the Kuroshio Extension, subtropical boundary, and the west coast of North America, and strong estimated diapycnal mixing was associated with the Izu‐Ogasawara and Hawaiian ridges, which are internal wave‐generation spots. Patterns of the mixing coefficient distributions were consistent with previous estimates by other methods. We used the mixing coefficient fields to reveal the spatial patterns of volume transports and salinity budgets on isopycnal layers. Whereas relatively large eddy transports associated with thickness diffusivity contributed to the spatial patterns of volume transports, the contributions of spatial changes in diapycnal mixing were small. Spatial changes of diapycnal mixing strongly affected those of salinity, especially in the layers around North Pacific Intermediate Water (26.5–27.0γ and 27.0–27.5γ), whereas spatial changes of isopycnal mixing were important for water mass modification in all layers. This analysis suggests that the clear salinity minimum formed regionally along the Kuroshio Extension decays because of locally strong diapycnal mixing as well as isopycnal mixing. Although the results support the utility of using the spatial distributions of water properties to infer water mass modifications, assessments based on direct measurements of mixing and fine‐scale parameterization are needed to clarify the localized effects of mixing on water mass modifications because the inversion errors in this study were not small enough to enable detection of high‐resolution spatial changes.
Representing and Understanding the Carbon Cycle Using the Theory of Compartmental Dynamical Systems
Authors: Sierra Carlos A. , Ceballos‐Núñez Verónika , Metzler Holger , Müller Markus 
Published: May 2018

AbstractModels representing exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere include a large variety of processes and mechanisms, and have increased in complexity in the last decades. These models are no exception of the simulation versus understanding conundrum previously articulated for models of the physical climate, which states that increasing detail in process representation in models, and the simulations they produce, hinders understanding of holistic system behavior. However, recent theoretical progress on the mathematical representation of the carbon cycle in ecosystems may help to provide a general framework for the qualitative understanding of models without compromising detail in process representation. Here we (1) briefly review recent ideas on the theory of transient dynamics of the terrestrial carbon cycle and its matrix representation, pointing out issues of interpretation, (2) show that these ideas can be further generalized in the mathematical concept of nonautonomous compartmental systems, and (3) provide thoughts on how this framework can be used to address a new set of questions in carbon cycle science.
Various stress stimuli rewire the profile of liver secretome in a p53-dependent manner
Authors: Charni-Natan Meital , Solomon Hilla , Molchadsky Alina , Jacob-Berger Adi , Goldfinger Naomi , Rotter Varda 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLiver is an important secretory organ that consistently manages various insults in order to retain whole-body homeostasis. Importantly, it was suggested that the tumor-suppressor p53 plays a role in a variety of liver physiological processes and thus it is being regarded as a systemic homeostasis regulator. Using high-throughput mass spectrometric analysis, we identified various p53-dependent liver secretome profiles. This allowed a global view on the role of p53 in maintaining the harmony of liver and whole-body homeostasis. We found that p53 altered the liver secretome differently under various conditions. Under physiological conditions, p53 controls factors that are related mainly to lipid metabolism and injury response. Upon exposure to various types of cancer therapy agents, the hepatic p53 is activated and induces the secretion of proteins related to additional pathways, such as hemostasis, immune response, and cell adhesion. Interestingly, we identified a possible relationship between p53-dependent liver functions and lung tumors. The latter modify differently liver secretome profile toward the secretion of proteins mainly related to cell migration and immune response. The notion that p53 may rewire the liver secretome profile suggests a new non-cell autonomous role of p53 that affect different liver functions and whole organism homeostasis.
Increased H3K27ac level of ACE mediates the intergenerational effect of low peak bone mass induced by prenatal dexamethasone exposure in male offspring rats
Authors: Xiao Hao , Wen Yinxian , Pan Zhengqi , Shangguan Yangfan , Qin Jun , Tan Yang , Jiang Hongqiang , Li Bin , Zhang Qi , Chen Liaobin , Wang Hui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPrenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) induces developmental toxicities of multiple organs in offspring. Here, we verified the intergenerational effect of low peak bone mass induced by PDE and investigated its intrauterine programming mechanism. Pregnant rats were injected subcutaneously with 0.2 mg/kg/d dexamethasone from gestation day (GD) 9 to 20. Some pregnant rats were killed for the fetuses on GD20, and the rest went on to spontaneous labor to produce the first-generation (F1) offspring. The adult F1 male offspring were mated with normal females to produce the F2 offspring. In vivo, PDE leads to low peak bone mass in F1 male offspring rats at postnatal week (PW) 28. Furthermore, PDE reduced the bone mass in F1 male offspring from GD20 to PW12. Meanwhile, the osteogenic differentiation was suppressed and the local renin–angiotensin system (RAS) was activated continuously by PDE. Moreover, the histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) level in angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) promoter region was increased by PDE from GD20 to PW12. Likewise, PDE induced the low peak bone mass and the activated local RAS in F2 male offspring. Meaningfully, the H3K27ac level of ACE was increased by PDE in the F2 offspring. In vitro, dexamethasone inhibited bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) osteogenic differentiation and promoted RAS activation. Furthermore, dexamethasone recruited CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α and p300 into the BMSCs nucleus by activating glucocorticoid receptor, which cooperatively increased the H3K27ac level in the ACE promoter region. In conclusion, PDE induced the low peak bone mass and its intergenerational effect, which was mediated by sustained activation of RAS via increasing H3K27ac level of ACE.
Dynamics of self-reorganization explains passivation of silicate glasses
Authors: Gin Stéphane , Collin Marie , Jollivet Patrick , Fournier Maxime , Minet Yves , Dupuy Laurent , Mahadevan Thiruvilla , Kerisit Sebastien , Du Jincheng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the dissolution of silicate glasses and minerals from atomic to macroscopic levels is a challenge with major implications in geoscience and industry. One of the main uncertainties limiting the development of predictive models lies in the formation of an amorphous surface layer––called gel––that can in some circumstances control the reactivity of the buried interface. Here, we report experimental and simulation results deciphering the mechanisms by which the gel becomes passivating. The study conducted on a six-oxide borosilicate glass shows that gel reorganization involving high exchange rate of oxygen and low exchange rate of silicon is the key mechanism accounting for extremely low apparent water diffusivity (∼10−21 m2 s−1), which could be rate-limiting for the overall reaction. These findings could be used to improve kinetic models, and inspire the development of new molecular sieve materials with tailored properties as well as highly durable glass for application in extreme environments.
Combined Rho-kinase inhibition and immunogenic cell death triggers and propagates immunity against cancer
Authors: Nam Gi-Hoon , Lee Eun Jung , Kim Yoon Kyoung , Hong Yeonsun , Choi Yoonjeong , Ryu Myung-Jeom , Woo Jiwan , Cho Yakdol , Ahn Dong June , Yang Yoosoo , Kwon Ick-Chan , Park Seung-Yoon , Kim In-San 
Published: May 2018

AbstractActivation of T cell immune response is critical for the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Current immunotherapies have shown remarkable clinical success against several cancers; however, significant responses remain restricted to a minority of patients. Here, we show a therapeutic strategy that combines enhancing the phagocytic activity of antigen-presenting cells with immunogenic cell death to trigger efficient antitumour immunity. Rho-kinase (ROCK) blockade increases cancer cell phagocytosis and induces antitumour immunity through enhancement of T cell priming by dendritic cells (DCs), leading to suppression of tumour growth in syngeneic tumour models. Combining ROCK blockade with immunogenic chemotherapy leads to increased DC maturation and synergistic CD8+ cytotoxic T cell priming and infiltration into tumours. This therapeutic strategy effectively suppresses tumour growth and improves overall survival in a genetic mouse mammary tumour virus/Neu tumour model. Collectively, these results suggest that boosting intrinsic cancer immunity using immunogenic killing and enhanced phagocytosis is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
Targeting repair pathways with small molecules increases precise genome editing in pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Riesenberg Stephan , Maricic Tomislav 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA now frequently used method to edit mammalian genomes uses the nucleases CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/Cpf1 or the nickase CRISPR/Cas9n to introduce double-strand breaks which are then repaired by homology-directed repair using DNA donor molecules carrying desired mutations. Using a mixture of small molecules, the “CRISPY” mix, we achieve a 2.8- to 7.2-fold increase in precise genome editing with Cas9n, resulting in the introduction of the intended nucleotide substitutions in almost 50% of chromosomes or of gene encoding a blue fluorescent protein in 27% of cells, to our knowledge the highest editing efficiency in human induced pluripotent stem cells described to date. Furthermore, the CRISPY mix improves precise genome editing with Cpf1 2.3- to 4.0-fold, allowing almost 20% of chromosomes to be edited. The components of the CRISPY mix do not always increase the editing efficiency in the immortalized or primary cell lines tested, suggesting that employed repair pathways are cell-type specific.