bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ius Gentium e Direito Internacional: identificação ou sobreposição?
Authors: Dal Ri Luciene , Demarchi Clóvis 
Published: February 2018

Ius Gentium e Direito Internacional: identificação ou sobreposição?

Resumo: Neste artigo questiona-se a identificação do conceito romano de ius gentium com aquele de direito internacional moderno. Para responder o questionamento, busca-se identificar as características do ius que regulava as relações de Roma com outros povos e reis e as situações jurídicas que envolviam os estrangeiros. Observou-se que a aplicação do conceito moderno de direito internacional à antiguidade romana gera a mutilação da realidade histórica e dificulta a compreensão do seu universalismo, em suas especificidades culturais. Este artigo contribui para desconstruir a identificação do ius gentium romano com o conceito de direito internacional moderno.
Palavras-chave: Direito romano. Ius gentium. Ius fetiale. Direito internacional.

Ius Gentium and International Law: Identification or Overlay?

Abstract: In this article the identification of the Roman concept of ius gentium with that of modern international law is questioned. To answer this question, this paper seeks to identify the characteristics of the ius that regulated the relations of Rome with other peoples and kings and the legal situations that involved the foreigners. It was observed that the application of the modern concept of international law to Roman antiquity generates the mutilation of historical reality and makes it difficult to understand its universalism in its cultural specificities. This article contributes to deconstruct the identification of the Roman ius gentium with the concept of modern international law.
Keywords: Roman Law. Ius gentium. Ius fetiale. Internacional Law.
El responsable de Protocolo en la Universidad Pública Española. Descripción de un escenario de trabajo
Authors: Álvarez Lema Sandra 
Published: February 2018

El contexto laboral para el responsable de protocolo una Universidad pública se presenta arduo complejo. La magnitud de la arquitectura institucional y su complicado sistema de articulación funcional y formal, incide, directamente, en la cantidad de variables que este sujeto tiene que manejar en el desarrollo de su cometido. El texto que se presenta pretende señalar los elementos y partes básicas y esenciales a tener cuenta por parte del responsable de protocolo y gestor de eventos en una Universidad. Gobierno y comunidad. Normativa, tradición, usos y costumbres. Se trata pues de entender este entramado cualitativo dentro de su marco teórico para contribuir a una mayor comprensión de la labor de este profesional en su ámbito de trabajo.The work context for responsible public university arduous protocol presents complex. The magnitude of the institutional architecture and its complicated system of functional and formal joint impact directly on the number of variables that this subject has to manage the development of its mission The text presented, it is stating the basic elements and parts and essential to take account of the charge of protocol and event manager at a university. Government and community. Regulations. Symbolism, tradition and customs. Understand, therefore, this qualitative framework within its framework, pretending contribute to greater understanding of the work of these professionals within their field of work.
Las calles de Madrid, espacio para el ceremonial en la entrada real de Alfonso XII el 14 de enero de 1875
Authors: Gómez Requejo María 
Published: February 2018

La calle se transforma en espacio para el protocolo en un momento muy importante en la vida del monarca, el que marca el inicio de su reinado. Es un momento que habla de júbilo; los ciudadanos son partícipes de esa ceremonia y la calle el lugar elegido para esa celebración. La calle se decora con símbolos que hablan de la dinastía y del monarca, se llena de deseos de paz, prosperidad y larga vida al reinado que comienza simbólicamente con entrada real; el ceremonial y el protocolo del desfile dan cuenta de la importancia de su protagonista y la participación de los ciudadanos de su nivel de aceptación.The streets of the capital city turned into a big event setting in the most important moment of the king’s life, his first Royal Entry that symbolically means the commencement of his reign. A moment that talks about happiness and joy. Citizens participate in that important ceremonial event and downtown streets are the place where the ceremony will take place. Every building in every street will be decorated with symbols that refer to the dynasty and the monarch and wishes of peace, prosperity and a long lasting reign that begins symbolically with the royal entry; the protocol and ceremonies spread across the parade show the significance of the king’s leading role and his level of popularity among the citizens that participate in it.
Toma de posesión de los presidentes del Gobierno de Navarra en sede parlamentaria
Authors: Mena García Tomás 
Published: February 2018

Desde la reintegración de las instituciones forales en 1979 y la posterior aprobación de la Ley Orgánica de Reintegración y Amejoramiento Foral de Navarra (LORAFNA) en 1982, se han sucedido ocho ceremonias de toma de posesión para el cargo de presidente del Gobierno de la Comunidad Foral, que han tenido siempre carácter parlamentario, con independencia del lugar en el que se hayan desarrollado. A lo largo de este trabajo se pretende estudiar su evolución a través del tiempo, sin perder de vista la singularidad de Navarra como una tierra que ha sabido preservar sus derechos históricos, así como la particularidad de los rituales parlamentarios que le son peculiares porque acontecen en el marco del poder legislativo, independiente y autónomo. The protocol carried out by the regional parliamentary assemblies in Spain has been, with a few outstanding exceptions, not very well looked into. At the same time parliaments are rather complex and unique institutions due to its independence from the executive branch. In this essay I will discuss the past and present of the inauguration ceremony of the President of the Government of Navarre within the parliament venue. Navarre is also a very unique region that has managed to preserve her self-government through the years. Since the creation of the Parliament of Navarre in 1979, this ceremony has taken placed eight times. During all these years, this event has evolved and has coped with challenges that I consider of interest to assess and present to the reader.
La ceremonia de entrega de los Premios Princesa de Asturias y la teoría de las relaciones públicas: la organización de actos como técnica de gestión de la comunicación en las instituciones
Authors: Pulido Marta 
Published: February 2018

Las relaciones públicas deben concebirse como un proceso de gestión de las relaciones al servicio de la gestión de la comunicación de las corporaciones y las instituciones. En este contexto, el objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar la Ceremonia de entrega de los Premios Princesa de Asturias como una técnica específica de relaciones públicas institucionales orientada a la legitimación y notoriedad de la Casa Real y los sucesivos Herederos a la Corona ante la opinión pública nacional e internacional, trasladando la imagen de continuidad y normalidad democrática. Para lograr la consecución de este objetivo principal, este trabajo realiza una revisión teórica sustentada en el uso de fuentes de datos secundarios, fundamentalmente bibliográficos y archivísticos. Los resultados evidencian utilidad de la organización de actos como herramienta de gestión de la opinión pública para vehicular y difundir los mensajes institucionales pertinentes en cada momento histórico. _________________________Public relations should be conceived as a process of managing relationships at the service of communication management of corporations and institutions. In this context, the main objective of this work is to analyze the Ceremony of delivery of the Prizes Princess of Asturias as a specific technique of institutional public relations oriented to the legitimation and notoriety of the Royal House and the successive Heirs to the Crown before the, national and international, public opinion, transferring the image of continuity and democratic normality. In order to achieve this main objective, this work makes a theoretical revision based on the use of secondary data sources, mainly bibliographic and archival. The results show usefulness of the organization of acts as a tool for public opinion management to disseminate and disseminate relevant institutional messages in each historical moment.
La importancia de los blogs en la divulgación/difusión del protocolo. El caso “Protocol bloggers point”
Authors: Gómez Requejo María 
Published: February 2018

Los blogs se han convertido en un vehículo para dar a conocer, comunicar y expresar información sobre un determinado tema. Dentro de la comunidad de expertos en protocolo los blogs constituyen una vía de divulgación que tiene mucho éxito, ya que de una forma asequible –ideas simples, palabras comunes, imágenes atractivas- captan la atención de una audiencia sin conocimientos especializados en la materia. Al mismo tiempo, aunque en menor medida, los blogueros de protocolo están divulgando conocimientos entre un público más especializado (en el bien entendido que un blog no sustituye a una publicación científica ni sus posts pueden ser considerados artículos científicos).A través de la experiencia de tres años en la gestión de Protocol Bloggers Point se ha podido constatar el incremento en la divulgación del protocolo a través de blogs tanto específicos en la disciplina como en otras como: comunicación, marketing y eventos.____________________Blogging has become a common tool for communicating and expressing information on a particular topic. Within the community of experts in protocol, blogs are a popular way for disseminating information about this subject, because with simple ideas, common words and attractive images, the authors can catch the attention of a general audience. At the same time, although to a lesser extent, protocol bloggers are spreading knowledge among a more specialized public (being concious that blogs do not replace scientific publications nor their posts can be considered academic articles).The management for three years of www.protocolbloggerspoint.com has stated the increase in the promotion of protocol as a discipline through blogs both specific in this field of study as in others related such as communication, marketing and event planning. .
The Dependence of the Peak Velocity of High‐Speed Solar Wind Streams as Measured in the Ecliptic by ACE and the STEREO satellites on the Area and Co‐latitude of Their Solar Source Coronal Holes
Authors: Hofmeister Stefan J. , Veronig Astrid , Temmer Manuela , Vennerstrom Susanne , Heber Bernd , Vršnak Bojan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe study the properties of 115 coronal holes in the time range from August 2010 to March 2017, the peak velocities of the corresponding high‐speed streams as measured in the ecliptic at 1 AU, and the corresponding changes of the Kp index as marker of their geoeffectiveness. We find that the peak velocities of high‐speed streams depend strongly on both the areas and the co‐latitudes of their solar source coronal holes with regard to the heliospheric latitude of the satellites. Therefore, the co‐latitude of their source coronal hole is an important parameter for the prediction of the high‐speed stream properties near the Earth. We derive the largest solar wind peak velocities normalized to the coronal hole areas for coronal holes located near the solar equator and that they linearly decrease with increasing latitudes of the coronal holes. For coronal holes located at latitudes
60°, they turn statistically to zero, indicating that the associated high‐speed streams have a high chance to miss the Earth. Similarly, the Kp index per coronal hole area is highest for the coronal holes located near the solar equator and strongly decreases with increasing latitudes of the coronal holes. We interpret these results as an effect of the three‐dimensional propagation of high‐speed streams in the heliosphere; that is, high‐speed streams arising from coronal holes near the solar equator propagate in direction toward and directly hit the Earth, whereas solar wind streams arising from coronal holes at higher solar latitudes only graze or even miss the Earth.
Formation of Butterfly Pitch Angle Distributions of Relativistic Electrons in the Outer Radiation Belt With a Monochromatic Pc5 Wave
Authors: Kamiya K. , Seki K. , Saito S. , Amano T. , Miyoshi Y. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRadial transport of relativistic electrons in the inner magnetosphere has been considered one of the acceleration mechanisms of the outer radiation belt electrons and can be driven by the drift resonance with Pc5 ultralow‐frequency waves. In this study, we focus on the pitch angle dependences of the radial transport and investigate the pitch angle distributions (PADs) of the relativistic electrons after interaction with a monochromatic Pc5 wave, using two simulation models of the inner magnetosphere: Geomagnetic Environment Modeling System for Integrated Studies (GEMSIS)‐Ring Current and GEMSIS‐Radiation Belt models. The results show that butterfly‐like PADs (two peaks in small pitch angles) are produced at a fixed radial distance (L‐shell) and energy, where the electrons with small pitch angles satisfy the resonance condition. The radial range and timescale of the butterfly PAD appearance correspond to the maximum radial transport of the electron (i.e., resonant width) and its oscillation period in the radial direction, respectively. We analytically derive the resonant width and oscillation period of relativistic electrons interacting with a monochromatic Pc5 wave, assuming conservation of first and second adiabatic invariants, and compare them with the simulation result. The results show that electrons with small equatorial pitch angles at a fixed magnetic moment can interact with a monochromatic Pc5 wave in a wider L‐shell range than perpendicular electrons due to the pitch angle changes, in the course of the radial transport.
Large‐Amplitude High‐Frequency Waves at Earth's Magnetopause
Authors: Graham D. B. , Vaivads A. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , André M. , Le Contel O. , Malaspina D. M. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Wilder F. D. , Ergun R. E. , Gershman D. J. , Giles B. L. , Magnes W. , Russell C. T. , Burch J. L. , Torbert R. B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLarge‐amplitude waves near the electron plasma frequency are found by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission near Earth's magnetopause. The waves are identified as Langmuir and upper hybrid (UH) waves, with wave vectors either close to parallel or close to perpendicular to the background magnetic field. The waves are found all along the magnetopause equatorial plane, including both flanks and close to the subsolar point. The waves reach very large amplitudes, up to 1 V m−1, and are thus among the most intense electric fields observed at Earth's magnetopause. In the magnetosphere and on the magnetospheric side of the magnetopause the waves are predominantly UH waves although Langmuir waves are also found. When the plasma is very weakly magnetized only Langmuir waves are likely to be found. Both Langmuir and UH waves are shown to have electromagnetic components, which are consistent with predictions from kinetic wave theory. These results show that the magnetopause and magnetosphere are often unstable to intense wave activity near the electron plasma frequency. These waves provide a possible source of radio emission at the magnetopause.
Constraints on North Anatolian Fault Zone Width in the Crust and Upper Mantle From S Wave Teleseismic Tomography
Authors: Papaleo E. , Cornwell D. , Rawlinson N. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe present high‐resolution S wave teleseismic tomography images of the western segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) in Turkey using teleseismic data recorded during the deployment period of the Dense Array for Northern Anatolia array. The array comprised 66 stations with a nominal station spacing of 7 km, thus permitting a horizontal and vertical resolution of approximately 15 km. We use the current S wave results with previously published P wave teleseismic tomography to produce maps of relative VP/VS anomalies, which we use to highlight the difference in overall composition of the three terranes separated by the northern (NNAF) and southern branches of the NAFZ. Our results show a narrow S wave low‐velocity anomaly beneath the northern branch of the NAFZ extending from the upper crust, where it has a width of ∼10 km, to the lower crust, where it widens to ∼30 km. This low‐velocity zone most likely extends into the upper mantle, where we constrain its width to be ≤ 50 km and interpret it as indicative of localized shear beneath the NNAF; this structure is similar to what has been observed for the NAFZ west of 32°, and therefore, we propose that the structure of the NNAF is similar to that of the NAFZ in the east. The southern branch of the NAFZ does not show a very strong signature in our images, and we conclude that it is most likely rooted in the crust, possibly accommodating deformation related to rotation of the Armutlu/Almacik Blocks situated between the two NAFZ branches.
Photogravitactic Microswimmers
Authors: Singh Dhruv P. , Uspal William E. , Popescu Mihail N. , Wilson Laurence G. , Fischer Peer 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPhototactic microorganisms are commonly observed to respond to natural sunlight by swimming upward against gravity. This study demonstrates that synthetic photochemically active microswimmers can also swim against gravity. The particles initially sediment and, when illuminated at low light intensities exhibit wall‐bound states of motion near the bottom surface. Upon increasing the intensity of light, the artificial swimmers lift off from the wall and swim against gravity and away from the light source. This motion in the bulk has been further confirmed using holographic microscopy. A theoretical model is presented within the framework of self‐diffusiophoresis, which allows to unequivocally identify the photochemical activity and the phototactic response as key mechanisms in the observed phenomenology. Since the lift‐off threshold intensity depends on the particle size, it can be exploited to selectively address particles with the same density from a polydisperse mixture of active particles and move them in or out of the boundary region. This study provides a simple design strategy to fabricate artificial microswimmers whose two‐ or three‐dimensional swimming behavior can be controlled with light.
Localized Surface Plasmon Enhanced All‐Inorganic Perovskite Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Coaxial Core/Shell Heterojunction Architecture
Authors: Shi Zhifeng , Li Ying , Li Sen , Li Xinjian , Wu Di , Xu Tingting , Tian Yongtao , Chen Yongsheng , Zhang Yuantao , Zhang Baolin , Shan Chongxin , Du Guotong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis work presents a strategy of combining the concepts of localized surface plasmons (LSPs) and core/shell nanostructure configuration in a single perovskite light‐emitting diode (PeLED) to addresses simultaneously the emission efficiency and stability issues facing current PeLEDs' challenges. Wide bandgap n‐ZnO nanowires and p‐NiO are employed as the carrier injectors, and also the bottom/upper protection layers to construct coaxial core/shell heterostructured CsPbBr3 quantum dots LEDs. Through embedding plasmonic Au nanoparticles into the device and thickness optimization of the MgZnO spacer layer, an emission enhancement ratio of 1.55 is achieved. The best‐performing plasmonic PeLED reaches up a luminance of 10 206 cd m−2, an external quantum efficiency of ≈4.626%, and a current efficiency of 8.736 cd A−1. The underlying mechanisms for electroluminescence enhancement are associated with the increased spontaneous emission rate and improved internal quantum efficiency induced by exciton–LSP coupling. More importantly, the proposed PeLEDs, even without encapsulation, present a substantially improved operation stability against water and oxygen degradation (30‐day storage in air ambient, 85% humidity) compared with any previous reports. It is believed that the experimental results obtained will provide an effective strategy to enhance the performance of PeLEDs, which may push forward the application of such kind of LEDs.
A Solar Transistor and Photoferroelectric Memory
Authors: Pérez‐Tomás Amador , Lima Anderson , Billon Quentin , Shirley Ian , Catalan Gustau , Lira‐Cantú Mónica 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study presents a new self‐powered electronic transistor concept “the solar transistor.” The transistor effect is enabled by the functional integration of a ferroelectric‐oxide thin film and an organic bulk heterojunction. The organic heterojunction efficiently harvests photon energy and splits photogenerated excitons into free electron and holes, and the ferroelectric film acts as a switchable electron transport layer with tuneable conduction band offsets that depend on its polarization state. This results in the device photoconductivity modulation. All this (i.e., carrier extraction and poling) is achieved with only two sandwiched electrodes and therefore, with the role of the gating electrode being taken by light. The two‐terminal solar‐powered phototransistor (or solaristor) thus has the added advantages of a compact photodiode architecture in addition to the nonvolatile functionality of a ferroelectric memory that is written by voltage and nondestructively read by light.
Rapid Detection of the Biomarkers for Carcinoid Tumors by a Water Stable Luminescent Lanthanide Metal–Organic Framework Sensor
Authors: Wu Shuangyan , Lin Yanna , Liu Jingwei , Shi Wei , Yang Guangming , Cheng Peng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSerotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, HT), a neurotransmitter, and its main metabolite 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic acid (HIAA) are biomarkers for carcinoid tumors. They can be quantitatively detected by a new luminescent sensor based on a water stable lanthanide metal–organic framework (Ln‐MOF). This Ln‐MOF features a (3,4)‐connected topology containing 1D channels occupied by lattice water molecules. Luminescent studies reveal that high luminescence quenching efficiency occurs upon the addition of HT and HIAA. The Ln‐MOF also displays excellent sensitivity with fast response within 1 min, good reusability, and detection limits as low as 0.66 and 0.54 × 10−6m for HT and HIAA, respectively. In addition, the sensing function exhibits excellent selectivity even in the presence of other neurotransmitters and the main coexisting species in blood plasma and urine.