bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal motives behind elective cesarean sections
Authors: Reyes Emaline , Rosenberg Karen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe World Health Organization recommends a target cesarean section rate of 10‐15%. In recent years, the US has had a nation‐wide rate of 30.3% and some developed countries are even higher. Many factors account for this high rate, but our hypothesis is that women who elect cesarean section do so at least in part because of unallayed fear.MethodsOur sample was comprised of American women of childbearing age who have not given birth but may in the near future. We received 368 online survey responses with a 92% completion rate. Responses were categorical and hypotheses tested with non‐parametric statistics.ResultsThose who reported a preference for cesarean section were significantly more likely to be extremely fearful of birth (43.9%) than those who reported a preference for vaginal delivery (20.6%). 73.2% of the cesarean section group state that fear is what influenced their birth preference, 9.8% said their fear had no influence, while in the vaginal birth group 18.9% said fear influenced their birth preference and 53.7% said it did not.ConclusionsIn our sample, women likely to elect cesarean sections are motivated at least in part by fear. They report both more extreme levels of fear than the group anticipating non‐surgical delivery and they more often say that this fear influences their birth decision. This study offers productive, non‐interventional, and inexpensive ways to address women's fears in the hope of reducing unnecessary cesarean sections.
Release of Amino‐ or Carboxy‐Containing Compounds Triggered by HOCl: Application for Imaging and Drug Design
Authors: Wei Peng , Liu Lingyan , Wen Ying , Zhao Guilong , Xue Fengfeng , Yuan Wei , Li Ruohan , Zhong Yaping , Zhang Mengfan , Yi Tao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe overproduction of HOCl is highly correlated with diseases such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. Whilst acting as a marker of these diseases, HOCl might also be used as an activator of prodrugs or drug delivery systems for the treatment of the corresponding disease. In this work, a new platform of HOCl probes has been developed that integrates detection, imaging, and therapeutic functions. The probes can detect HOCl, using both NIR emission and the naked eye in vitro, with high sensitivity and selectivity at ultralow concentrations (the detection limit is at the nanomolar level). Basal levels of HOCl can be imaged in HL‐60 cells without special stimulation. Moreover, the probes provided by this platform can rapidly release either amino‐ or carboxy‐containing compounds from prodrugs, during HOCl detection and imaging, to realize a therapeutic effect.
Excited‐State Charge Transfer in Covalently Functionalized MoS2 with a Zinc Phthalocyanine Donor–Acceptor Hybrid
Authors: Canton‐Vitoria Ruben , Gobeze Habtom B. , Blas‐Ferrando Vicente M. , Ortiz Javier , Jang Youngwoo , Fernández‐Lázaro Fernando , Sastre‐Santos Ángela , Nakanishi Yusuke , Shinohara Hisanori , D'Souza Francis , Tagmatarchis Nikos 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe functionalization of MoS2 is of paramount importance for tailoring its properties towards optoelectronic applications and unlocking its full potential. Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) carrying an 1,2‐dithiolane oxide linker was used to functionalize MoS2 at defect sites located at the edges. The structure of ZnPc‐MoS2 was fully assessed by complementary spectroscopic, thermal, and microscopy imaging techniques. An energy‐level diagram visualizing different photochemical events in ZnPc‐MoS2 was established and revealed a bidirectional electron transfer leading to a charge separated state ZnPc.+‐MoS2.−. Markedly, evidence of the charge transfer in the hybrid material was demonstrated using fluorescence spectroelectrochemistry. Systematic studies performed by femtosecond transient absorption revealed the involvement of excitons generated in MoS2 in promoting the charge transfer, while the transfer was also possible when ZnPc was excited, signifying their potential in light‐energy‐harvesting devices.
Effects of two types of nanoparticles on the cure, rheological, and mechanical properties of rubber nanocomposites based on the NBR/PVC blends
Authors: Barghamadi Mohammad , Karrabi Mohammad , Ghoreishy Mir Hamid Reza , Mohammadian‐Gezaz Somayyeh 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe effects of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) and organoclay montmorillonite (OMMT) on the curing, relaxation, and the mechanical properties of acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber/polyvinyl chloride (NBR/PVC) nanocomposites were investigated. Scorch and cure times of nanocomposites reinforced with GNP increased, while these parameters for nanocomposites reinforced with OMMT decreased. Maximum torque and cure rate increased after adding the nanoparticles. In the relaxation curves, with increasing nanoparticle and acrylonitrile (ACN) content, both the slopes of short‐ and long‐term regions, raised. Cured compounds have the significantly higher initial and final modulus, the greater elastic slope, and lower viscous slope than the uncured ones. The results of the relaxation test showed that the relaxation percentage in the uncured samples was much higher than the cured ones. Also, with the addition of both GNP and OMMT, this parameter had an upward trend. DGS/DGL parameter increased with the addition of nano‐reinforcements in the uncured state while decreasing in the cured state. For example, the blend containing N3 reinforced via GNP showed an 11% increase in the uncured state, whereas 14% reduction in the cured state. Tensile strength, elastic modulus, and hardness were improved by incorporating nanoparticles, while the effect of GNP was more intense. The similar trend observed in samples with NBR type of higher ACN content. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47550.
Low‐methoxyl pectin–zeolite hydrogels controlling drug release promote in vitro wound healing
Authors: Kocaaga Banu , Kurkcuoglu Ozge , Tatlier Melkon , Batirel Saime , Guner F. Seniha 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThis study presents the design of novel hydrogel films, based on low‐methoxyl (LM) pectin and NaA‐ or ZnA‐zeolite particles, to serve as wound dressing materials with controlled drug delivery properties. We studied the effects of the preparation method of hydrogels, the amounts of crosslinker, drug and zeolite, and the type of cation in zeolites on the drug release mechanisms from the hydrogels. Ionic strengths of both film and external medium dictated the drug release behavior of the films, while the other parameters also played essential roles. NaA‐zeolite hydrogels prepared using membrane diffusion controlled system, could reach a drug release ratio of 86% within 5 h. The drug‐free hydrogels displayed no cytotoxicity while supporting cell proliferation and migration. Our cost‐effective LM pectin–zeolite hydrogels promise to be effective wound dressing materials with controlled drug delivery ability, transparency, good swelling properties, ability to hold fluids, good oxygen transmission rate, and biocompatibility. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47640.
Rewiring the Central Metabolic Pathway for High‐Yield l‐Serine Production in Corynebacterium glutamicum by Using Glucose
Authors: Zhang Xiaomei , Lai Lianhe , Xu Guoqiang , Zhang Xiaojuan , Shi Jinsong , Koffas Mattheos A. G. , Xu Zhenghong 
Published: February 2019

l‐Serine is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. The direct fermentative production of l‐serine from glucose in Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum) has been achieved but the yield is generally low. In this study, the central metabolic pathway is rewired to direct higher accumulation of glycerate‐3‐phosphate (3‐PG), the precursor for l‐serine biosynthesis, thereby freeing up more carbon to enhance l‐serine production and yield. To this end, the native phosphotransferase system (PTS) is inactivated by deleting the gene ptsH. Meanwhile, the PTS‐independent glucose uptake pathway is activated via overexpression of iolT1, ppgk, and deletion of the transcriptional regulator gene iolR. Furthermore, metabolic changes between PTS and non‐PTS strains are elucidated using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Based on the metabonomic and enzyme activities analysis, the glycolysis pathway upstream of 3‐PG is further enhanced by co‐overexpressing pgi, pfkA, and gapA. The resulting strain with all of the modifications mentioned above leads to the l‐serine yield of 0.30 g g−1 glucose (42.8% higher than that of the original strain), which is the highest yield in C. glutamicum by using glucose as the sole carbon source. These strategies can be expanded for the production of other value‐added chemicals derived from the intermediates of glycolysis pathway in C. glutamicum.
Divergent effects of repeated cocaine and novel environment exposure on locus coeruleus c‐fos expression and brain catecholamine concentrations in rats
Authors: Lisieski Michael J. , Karavidha Klevis , Gheidi Ali , Garibyan Rafael L. , Conti Alana C. , Morrow Jonathan D. , Perrine Shane A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionChronic administration of cocaine causes a disinhibited, hyperexploratory response to novel environments. As the norepinephrine (NE) system regulates exploration and is dysregulated following cocaine exposure, we hypothesized that this cocaine‐mediated hyperexploratory response is associated with increased locus coeruleus (LC) reactivity.MethodsTo test this hypothesis, we used dual fluorescent in situ hybridization immunofluorescence to analyze novelty‐induced c‐fos and tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the LC and high‐pressure liquid chromatography to measure dopamine (DA) and NE concentrations in key catecholamine projection regions following exposure to cocaine.ResultsRepeated cocaine exposure followed by a 14‐day drug‐free period increased exploration of novel environments, replicating previous findings. Novelty exposure increased LC c‐fos expression, increased anterior cingulate NE, and decreased ventral tegmental area DA. Cocaine exposure decreased amygdala (AMY) DA, but had no effect on LC c‐fos expression or NE in any tested brain region. No interactions between cocaine and novelty were found. Open arm exploration was positively correlated with LC c‐fos expression and NE concentrations in both the anterior cingulate and nucleus accumbens, and negatively correlated with AMY DA concentration.ConclusionsOur findings confirm that exposure to novel environments increases LC activity and NE in the anterior cingulate cortex, that long‐term exposure to cocaine dysregulates AMY DA, and that disinhibited exploration in novel environments correlates with NE and DA in regions that modulate risk‐taking and avoidance behavior. Further studies investigating the effects of cocaine on brain catecholamine systems are important in understanding the long‐lasting effects of cocaine on brain function.
Human cancer, the naked mole rat and faunal turnovers
Authors: Bredberg Anders , Schmitz Birger 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe argue that the human evolutionary heritage with frequent adaptations through geological time to environmental change has affected a trade‐off between offspring variability and cancer resistance, and thus favored cancer‐prone individuals. We turn the attention to a factor setting the highly cancer‐resistant naked mole rat apart from most other mammals: it has remained phenotypically largely unchanged since 30‐50 million years ago. Research focusing on DNA stability mechanisms in ‘living fossil’ animals may help us find tools for cancer prevention and treatment.
Distinctive incidence patterns of follicular lymphoma in Taiwan: Implications of ethnic differences
Authors: Wu Shang‐Ju , Chen Yi‐Chu , Lo Wei‐Cheng , Chiang Chun‐Ju , Lin Chien‐Ting , Chuang Shih‐Sung , Lai Mei‐Shu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundFollicular lymphoma (FL) is less prevalent in Asians, but detailed epidemiological analyses were not available. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiologic features of FL in Taiwan to explore the factors relevant to disease development and prognosis.MethodsWe obtained epidemiological data for Taiwanese citizens during 1990‐2012 from Taiwan's National Cancer Registry Database, and the corresponding data for US Caucasians from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Changes in incidence rates were evaluated with age‐period‐cohort (APC) analyses. Patient outcomes were compared with 5‐year relative survival rates (RS) estimates.ResultsIncidence rates of FL in Taiwan increased continuously during the study period (0.34 to 0.91 per 100 000 person‐year from 1993‐1997 to 2008‐2012 in men, and from 0.29 [1993‐1997] to 0.81 [2008‐2012] in women), while rates in the US remained stable in both sexes, ranging between 3.73 and 3.96 in men and between 3.24 and 3.55 in women. Estimates of average annual percentage changes in incidence were significantly positive in Taiwan, but not in US Caucasians. Notably, the APC analysis identified a strong birth‐cohort effect in Taiwan, corresponding to environmental alterations present during the study period. The estimated 5‐year RS rates in both populations showed steady improvement, but the RS in Taiwanese patients was consistently 10% lower than in US Caucasians.ConclusionA distinct increasing trend of incidence with a strong birth‐cohort effect was identified in Taiwan, providing evidence of the association between environmental factors and disease development.
DNA methylation‐regulated and tumor‐suppressive roles of miR‐487b in colorectal cancer via targeting MYC, SUZ12, and KRAS
Authors: Chen Xu , Lin Zhi‐feng , Xi Wen‐jin , Wang Wei , Zhang Dan , Yang Fan , Li Yu‐fang , Huo Yi , Zhang Tian‐ze , Jiang Yi‐hong , Qin Wei‐wei , Yang An‐gang , Wang Tao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHuman colorectal cancer (CRC), characterized by its high morbidity and lethality, seriously threatens human health and lives. MicroRNA‐487b (miR‐487b) is currently reported to be aberrantly expressed in several tumors, but the detailed functions and underlying mechanisms of miR‐487b in CRC remain unclear. Here, we found that miR‐487b is downregulated in CRC cell lines and is markedly decreased in tumor specimens derived from CRC patients. MiR‐487b inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion and promotes the apoptosis of CRC cells in vitro. Statistical analysis of clinical samples indicates that miR‐487b may serve as a biomarker for early CRC diagnosis. Inverse correlations between the expression levels of MYC, SUZ12, and KRAS and that of miR‐487b exist in vitro and in CRC patient tissue specimens. Further experiments demonstrated the regulatory effects of miR‐487b on MYC, SUZ12, and KRAS, and the disruption of these genes partially restores the miR‐487b inhibitor‐induced phenotype. Additionally, miR‐487b promoter region is in a DNA hypermethylated condition and the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5‐aza‐2’‐deoxycytidine (5‐Aza) increases the levels of miR‐487b but suppresses the expression of MYC, SUZ12, and KRAS in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner in CRC cells. Collectively, miR‐487b is regulated by DNA methylation and it functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC mainly through targeting MYC, SUZ12, and KRAS. Our study provides insight into the regulatory network in CRC cells, offering a new target for treating CRC patients.
What is Said and What is Understood? The Readability and Language of Child Protection Medical Reports
Authors: Cutland Michelle , Sims Jo , Pye Matthew , Rourke Catherine , McMullan Kirsty , Linden Anna , Jones Steve 
Published: February 2019

Key Practitioner Messages

Child protection medical reports provide the voice and opinion of a paediatrician, and must be readable by all.
Child protection medical reports should include a professional opinion even if the opinion is one of being unsure.
Simple measures can improve the readability of reports.
A number of descriptive words are used in the opinions of reports. Standardisation of these could be encouraged to reduce misinterpretation.
‘Child protection medical reports provide the voice and opinion of a paediatrician, and must be readable by all’
Transcatheter aortic valve in valve implantation with bioprosthetic valve fracture
Authors: James Taylor M. , Stamou Sotiris C. , Rothenberg Mark , Nores Marcos A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractValve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement (VIV TAVR) has emerged as a preferable option for high surgical risk patients requiring redo aortic valve replacement. However, VIV TAVR may restrict flow, especially in small native aortic valves. To remedy this, bioprosthetic valve fracture has been utilized to increase the effective orifice area and improve hemodynamics. We present three cases in which bioprosthetic valve fracture was used to increase hemodynamic flow in VIV TAVR procedures.
Transapical percutaneous closure of rapidly expanding post‐surgical left ventricular outflow tract pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Al‐Hijji Mohammed A. , Guerrero Mayra , Rihal Charanjit S. , Eleid Mackram F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLeft ventricular pseudoaneurysm is an infrequent but potentially fatal complication following cardiac surgery, with spontaneous rupture being the most feared result. Moreover, surgical repair is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We present a successful transapical percutaneous closure of a post‐surgical rapidly expanding left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) pseudoaneurysm utilizing Amplatz Vascular Plug‐II (AVP‐II) (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN) with the aid of 3D prototyping for pre‐procedural planning.
Index of microvascular resistance to assess the effect of rosuvastatin on microvascular function in women with chest pain and no obstructive coronary artery disease: A double‐blind randomized study
Authors: Solberg Ole Geir , Stavem Knut , Ragnarsson Asgrimur , Beitnes Jan‐Otto , Skårdal Rita , Seljeflot Ingebjørg , Ueland Thor , Aukrust Pål , Gullestad Lars , Aaberge Lars 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionMany women undergoing coronary angiography for chest pain have no or only minimal coronary artery disease (CAD). However, despite the lack of obstructive CAD, they still have an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. Pleiotropic effects of statins may influence microvascular function, but if statins improve microvascular function in unselected chest pain patients is not well studied. This study assessed microvascular function by using the thermodilution‐derived test “the index of microvascular resistance” (IMR) with the aim of determining the (i) IMR level in women with chest pain and non‐obstructive CAD and if (ii) IMR is modified by high‐dose statin treatment in these patients. Additional objectives were to identify the influence of statins on the health status as assessed with generic health questionnaires and on biomarkers of endothelial activation.Materials and methodsThe study was a randomized, double‐blind, single‐center trial comparing 6 months of rosuvastatin treatment with placebo. In total, 66 women without obstructive CAD were included. Mean age was 52.7 years and 55.5 years in the placebo and rosuvastatin group, respectively. Microvascular function was assessed using the IMR, health status was assessed using the SF‐36 and EQ‐5D questionnaires, and biochemical values were assessed at baseline and 6 months later.Results and conclusionsIn the placebo group IMR was 14.6 (SD 5.7) at baseline and 14.4 (SD 6.5) at follow‐up. In the rosuvastatin group IMR was 16.5 (SD 7.5) at baseline and 14.2 (SD 5.8) at follow‐up. IMR did not differ significantly between the two study groups at follow‐up controlled for preintervention values. C‐reactive protein (CRP) was comparable between the groups at baseline, while at follow‐up CRP was significantly lower in the rosuvastatin group compared to placebo [0.6 (±0.5) mg/L vs. 2.6 (±3.0) mg/L; p = 0.002]. Whereas rosuvastatin treatment for 6 months attenuated CRP levels, it did not improve microvascular function as assessed by IMR (Clinical Trials.gov NCT 01582165, EUDRACT 2011‐002630‐39.3tcAZ).
Programming Rotary Motions with a Hexagonal DNA Nanomachine
Authors: Yang Yangyang , Zhang Shiwei , Yao Shengtao , Pan Rizhao , Hidaka Kumi , Emura Tomoko , Fan Chunhai , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Xu Yufang , Endo Masayuki , Qian Xuhong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBiological macromolecular machines perform impressive mechanical movements. F‐adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase uses a proton gradient to generate ATP through mechanical rotations. Here, a programmed hexagonal DNA nanomachine, in which a three‐armed DNA nanostructure (TAN) can perform stepwise rotations in the confined nanospace powered by DNA fuels, is demonstrated. The movement of TAN can precisely go through a 60° rotation, which is confirmed by atomic force microscopy, and each stepwise directional rotating is monitored by fluorescent measurements. Moreover, the rotary nanomachine is used to spatially organize cascade enzymes: glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in four different arrangements. The multistep regulations of the biocatalytic activities are achieved by employing TAN rotations. This work presents a new prototype of rotary nanodevice with both angular and directional control, and provides a nanoscale mechanical engineering platform for the reactive molecular components, demonstrating that DNA‐based framework may have significant roles in futuristic nanofactory construction.
Single‐phase common mode transformer‐less soft‐switching grid‐connected inverter with eliminated leakage current
Authors: Tofigh Azary Mehdi , Sabahi Mehran , Babaei Ebrahim 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn this paper, a single‐phase single‐stage soft‐switching transformer‐less grid‐tied common mode inverter is proposed, which is useful for injection of power from the photovoltaic (PV) panels to the grid. One of the output ports of the PV panel in the proposed topology can be connected directly to the neutral point of the grid to eliminate the leakage current. The proposed topology has buck‐boost ability, besides soft switching capability to have a proper efficiency. Furthermore, the proposed converter can operate in unity power factor, therefore the proposed converter has most of the features needed for a PV inverter. A full analysis of the converter is done. Also, a suitable switching algorithm for correct operation of the converter is presented. Moreover, the design technique for the passive elements of the topology is demonstrated. The voltage gain of the converter is calculated. The leakage current of the proposed inverter due to the low‐ and high‐frequency voltage ripple of the PV panel has been discussed. Simulation results in PSCAD EMTDC plus experimental results from a laboratory prototype are added to substantiate the theoretical results. Eventually, a comprehensive comparison study is presented to compare the proposed topology with the most similar converters.
Education, dissemination, and the science of eating disorders: Reflections on the 2019 International Conference on Eating Disorders
Authors: Forbush Kelsie T. , Crosby Ross D. , Coniglio Kathryn , Haynos Ann F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis virtual issue of the International Journal of Eating Disorders highlights recently published research that aligns with the broad themes of the 2019 International Conference on Eating Disorders (ICED), held in New York, NY, USA.Methods and resultsWe selected articles that were published between 2017 and 2019 that complement the content of the keynote and plenary sessions. We also curated additional articles from early career scholars, given that an important component of the annual ICED is to foster the development and training of the next generation of eating‐disorder clinicians and researchers.DiscussionWe hope that this virtual issue will spark more in‐depth discussion and reflection on the topics, questions, and critical advances in the field of eating disorders that were presented at the 2019 ICED.