bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's stress regulation mediates the association between prenatal maternal mood and child executive functions for boys, but not girls
Authors: Neuenschwander Regula , Hookenson Kaia , Brain Ursula , Grunau Ruth E. , Devlin Angela M. , Weinberg Joanne , Diamond Adele , Oberlander Tim F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPrenatal exposure to maternal mood disturbances shapes children's cognitive development reflected in the critical construct of executive functions (EFs). Little is known, however, about underlying mechanisms. By examining cortisol responses in both everyday and lab challenge settings, we tested whether the child/offspring hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis mediates effects of prenatal maternal mood on child EFs at age 6. In 107 Canadian children born to women with a wide range of anxious and depressive symptoms during pregnancy, we found that in boys but not girls, depressed and/or anxious prenatal maternal mood is associated with heightened diurnal cortisol levels in everyday settings, as well as heightened cortisol reactivity to a lab challenge and that this heightened reactivity was associated with poorer EFs. Among boys we also observed that cortisol reactivity but not diurnal cortisol mediated the association between depressed and/or anxious prenatal maternal mood and EFs. Depressed and/or anxious prenatal maternal mood was related to child EFs for both girls and boys. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a mediating role for child stress regulation in the association between prenatal maternal stress-related mood disturbances and child EFs, providing evidence of a mechanism contributing to fetal programming of cognition.
Predicting child temperament and behavior from the fetus
Authors: Dipietro Janet A. , Voegtline Kristin M. , Pater Heather A. , Costigan Kathleen A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThere remains little debate that the period before birth sets the stage for subsequent development, yet scant evidence exists showing continuity from characteristics of the individual fetus to characteristics of the child. This report examines, in two studies, whether baseline and evoked fetal neurobehavioral functioning are predictive of features of child temperament and behavior as reported by mothers when offspring were between 7 and 14 years old (M = 10.1 years). Study 1 utilizes data generated from 333 maternal–fetal pairs collected during an undisturbed condition during the second half of gestation in relation to the child temperament dimensions of behavioral inhibition and exuberance. Associations at 32 weeks gestation were detected between all features of fetal neurobehavior and behavioral inhibition. In adjusted models, slower fetal heart rate and less fetal movement were associated with significant unique variance in predicting higher levels of childhood behavioral inhibition. No associations were detected for exuberance. Study 2 focuses on the association of evoked fetal reactivity and recovery to induced maternal arousal with subsequent child behavioral difficulties in a subset of the full sample (n = 130). Greater recovery in fetal heart rate following maternal stimulation was predictive of fewer behavioral difficulties and more prosocial behavior in childhood. Results from both studies provide support for gestational origins of core individual differences that portend childhood outcomes with foundational reactivity and regulatory components.
Utilisation of blood and blood products during open heart surgery in a low-income country: our local experience in 3 years
Authors: Nwafor Ikechukwu A. , Arua Onyinyechukwu A. , Eze John C. , Ezemba Ndubueze , Nwafor Maureen N. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn Nigeria, access to open heart surgery (OHS) is adversely affected by insufficient blood and blood products, including the challenges because of the lack of patient-focused blood management strategies owing to the absent requisite point-of-care tests in the operating theatre (OR)/ICU. In addition, the limited availability of altruistic blood donors including the detection of transfusion transmitted infections more commonly among non-altruistic blood donors is another burden affecting the management of excessive bleeding during and after open heart surgery in our country.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to review our local experience in the use of blood and blood products during open heart surgery and compare the same with the literature.Materials and methodsIn a period of 3 years (March, 2013–February, 2016), we performed a retrospective review of those who had open heart surgery in our institution. The data were obtained from our hospital health information technology department. The data comprised demography, types of operative procedures and units of blood and blood products transfused per procedure, including the details regarding the usage of the cell saver, as well as those who had severe bleeding requiring excessive blood transfusion.ResultsDuring the study period, 102 patients had open heart surgery, an average of 34 cases in a year. Among them, there were 75 (73.53%) males and 37 (36.27%) females, giving a ratio of 2:1. The ages of the patients were from 0.6 (7/12) to 74 years. Mitral valve procedure was the most common (n=22, 21.6%) surgery type. Transfusion requirements averaged 1.9 units of fresh frozen plasma, 0.36 units of platelet concentrate, and 1.68 units of packed cells per procedure. The least common surgical procedure was common atrium repair (n=1, 0.01%).ConclusionOpen heart procedure is a very complex procedure requiring cardiopulmonary bypass with associated severe perioperative bleeding. The attendant blood loss and haemostatic challenges are combated by intricate and selective transfusions of allogeneic blood and or blood products.
Effects of temperatures and high pressures on the growth and survivability of methanogens and stable carbon isotope fractionation: implications for deep subsurface life on Mars
Authors: Sinha Navita , Nepal Sudip , Kral Timothy , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn order to examine the potential survivability of life in the Martian deep subsurface, we have investigated the effects of temperature (45°C, 55°C and 65°C) and pressure (1, 400, 800 and 1200 atm) on the growth, carbon isotopic data and morphology of chemolithoautotrophic anaerobic methanogenic archaea, Methanothermobacter wolfeii. The growth and survivability of this methanogen were determined by measuring the methane concentration in headspace gas samples after the cells were returned to their conventional growth conditions. Interestingly, this methanogen survived at all the temperatures and pressures tested. M. wolfeii demonstrated the highest methane concentration following exposure to pressure of 800 atm and a temperature of 65°C. We found that the stable carbon isotopic fractionation of methane, δ13C(CH4), was slightly more enriched in 12C at 1 atm and 55°C than the carbon isotopic data obtained in other temperature and pressure conditions. A comparison of the images of the cells before and after the exposure to different temperatures and pressures did not show any obvious alteration in the morphology of M. wolfeii. The research reported here suggests that at least one methanogen, M. wolfeii, may be able to survive under hypothetical Martian subsurface conditions with respect to temperature and pressure.
Two-fold elevation of endogenous GDNF levels in mice improves motor coordination without causing side-effects
Authors: Mätlik Kärt , Võikar Vootele , Vilenius Carolina , Kulesskaya Natalia , Andressoo Jaan-Olle 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGlial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes the survival of dopaminergic neurons in vitro and in vivo. For this reason, GDNF is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, how endogenous GDNF influences dopamine system function and animal behavior is not fully understood. We recently generated GDNF hypermorphic mice that express increased levels of endogenous GDNF from the native locus, resulting in augmented function of the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Specifically, Gdnf wt/hyper mice have a mild increase in striatal and midbrain dopamine levels, increased dopamine transporter activity, and 15% increased numbers of midbrain dopamine neurons and striatal dopaminergic varicosities. Since changes in the dopamine system are implicated in several neuropsychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression, and ectopic GDNF delivery associates with side-effects in PD models and clinical trials, we further investigated Gdnf wt/hyper mice using 20 behavioral tests. Despite increased dopamine levels, dopamine release and dopamine transporter activity, there were no differences in psychiatric disease related phenotypes. However, compared to controls, male Gdnf wt/hyper mice performed better in tests measuring motor function. Therefore, a modest elevation of endogenous GDNF levels improves motor function but does not induce adverse behavioral outcomes.
Range of L5 LDL levels in healthy adults and L5’s predictive power in patients with hyperlipidemia or coronary artery disease
Authors: Chu Chih-Sheng , Chan Hua-Chen , Tsai Ming-Hsien , Stancel Nicole , Lee Hsiang-Chun , Cheng Kai-Hung , Tung Yi-Ching , Chan Hsiu-Chuan , Wang Chung-Ya , Shin Shyi-Jang , Lai Wen-Ter , Yang Chao-Yuh , Dixon Richard A. , Chen Chu-Huang , Ke Liang-Yin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractElectronegative L5 low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level may be a useful biomarker for predicting cardiovascular disease. We determined the range of plasma L5 levels in healthy adults (n = 35) and examined the power of L5 levels to differentiate patients with coronary artery disease (CAD; n = 40) or patients with hyperlipidemia (HLP) without evidence of CAD (n = 35) from healthy adults. The percent L5 in total LDL (L5%) was quantified by using fast-protein liquid chromatography with an anion-exchange column. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine cut-off values for L5 levels. The mean L5% and plasma concentration of L5 (ie, [L5]) were significantly higher in patients with HLP or CAD than in healthy adults (P < 0.001). The ranges of L5% and [L5] in healthy adults were determined to be <1.6% and <1.7 mg/dL, respectively. In individuals with L5% >1.6%, the odds ratio was 9.636 for HLP or CAD. In individuals with [L5] >1.7 mg/dL, the odds ratio was 17.684 for HLP or CAD. The power of L5% or [L5] to differentiate patients with HLP or CAD from healthy adults was superior to that of the LDL/high-density lipoprotein ratio. The ranges of L5% and [L5] in healthy adults determined here may be clinically useful in preventing and treating cardiovascular disease.
CEACAM1 promotes melanoma metastasis and is involved in the regulation of the EMT associated gene network in melanoma cells
Authors: Wicklein Daniel , Otto Benjamin , Suling Anna , Elies Eva , Lüers Georg , Lange Tobias , Feldhaus Susanne , Maar Hanna , Schröder-Schwarz Jennifer , Brunner Georg , Wagener Christoph , Schumacher Udo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe investigated the functional role of CEACAM1 in a spontaneous metastasis xenograft model of human melanoma in scid mice using BRAF wildtype MeWo cells with and without RNAi mediated knockdown of CEACAM1. Tumors from the xenograft model were subjected to whole genome expression analysis and metastasis was quantified histologically. Results and identified markers were verified using tissue samples of over 100 melanoma patients. Knockdown of CEACAM1 prolonged the animals’ survival by significantly reducing subcutaneous growth of MeWo tumors and spontaneous lung metastasis. Microarray analysis revealed a strong influence of CEACAM1 knockdown on the network of EMT associated genes in the xenograft tumors (e.g. downregulation of BRAF, FOSL1, NRAS and TWIST). IGFBP7 and Latexin (highest up- and downregulated expression in microarray analysis) were found to be associated with longer and shorter survival, respectively, of melanoma patients. High FOSL1 and altered TWIST1 expression were found to be correlated with shortened survival in the cohort of melanoma patients. After a stepwise selection procedure combining above markers, multivariate analysis revealed IGFBP7, Latexin and altered TWIST to be prognostic markers for death. CEACAM1 could be a target for melanoma therapy as an alternative to (or in combination with) immune checkpoint and BRAF inhibitors.
Analysis of expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs and mRNAs in brains of mice infected by rabies virus by RNA sequencing
Authors: Zhao Pingsen , Liu Sudong , Zhong Zhixiong , Jiang Tianqi , Weng Ruiqiang , Xie Mengze , Yang Songtao , Xia Xianzhu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRabies, caused by rabies virus (RABV), is still the deadliest infectious disease. Mechanism of host immune response upon RABV infection is not yet fully understood. Accumulating evidences suggest that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) plays key roles in host antiviral responses. However, expression profile and function of lncRNAs in RABV infection remain unclear. In the present study, expression profile of lncRNAs and mRNAs profiles were investigated in RABV-infected brain tissues of mice by RNA sequencing. A total of 140 lncRNAs and 3,807 mRNAs were differentially expressed in RABV-infected animals. The functional annotation and enrichment analysis using Gene Oncology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed that differentially expressed transcripts were predominantly involved in signaling pathways related to host immune response. The expression profiles of the selected lncRNAs in brains of mice during RABV infections were verified by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). To our knowledge, this is the first report to profile the lncRNA expression in RABV infected mice. Our findings provide insights into understanding the role of lncRNAs in host immune response against RABV infection.
A Major Mycobacterium tuberculosis outbreak caused by one specific genotype in a low-incidence country: Exploring gene profile virulence explanations
Authors: Folkvardsen Dorte Bek , Norman Anders , Andersen Åse Bengård , Rasmussen Erik Michael , Lillebaek Troels , Jelsbak Lars 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDenmark, a tuberculosis low burden country, still experiences significant active Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) transmission, especially with one specific genotype named Cluster 2/1112–15 (C2), the most prevalent lineage in Scandinavia. In addition to environmental factors, antibiotic resistance, and human genetics, there is increasing evidence that Mtb strain variation plays a role for the outcome of infection and disease. In this study, we explore the reasons for the success of the C2 genotype by analysing strain specific polymorphisms identified through whole genome sequencing of all C2 isolates identified in Denmark between 1992 and 2014 (n = 952), and the demographic distribution of C2. Of 234 non-synonymous (NS) monomorphic SNPs found in C2 in comparison with Mtb reference strain H37Rv, 23 were in genes previously reported to be involved in Mtb virulence. Of these 23 SNPs, three were specific for C2 including a NS mutation in a gene associated with hyper-virulence. We show that the genotype is readily transmitted to different ethnicities and is also found outside Denmark. Our data suggest that strain specific virulence factor variations are important for the success of the C2 genotype. These factors, likely in combination with poor TB control, seem to be the main drivers of C2 success.
Species composition and diversity of ground bryophytes across a forest edge-to-interior gradient
Authors: Jiang Tiantian , Yang Xuecheng , Zhong Yonglin , Tang Qiming , Liu Ying , Su Zhiyao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUnderstanding diversity patterns and community structure of bryophytes will help integrate nature conservation at multiple biotic-group levels. We conducted a survey of ground bryophytes in a subtropical forest along an edge-to-interior gradient in South China. We recorded 11 liverwort species from 10 genera of seven families, and 26 moss species from 23 genera of 16 families in three transects. A two-way cluster analysis detected the environmental gradient between the forest edge and forest interior for bryophytes with habitat specificity. Functional diversity of bryophytes differed significantly across an edge-to-interior gradient. The range and median in both structural and functional diversity decreased remarkably from the forest edge to the interior. Multi-response permutation procedures showed significant differences in species composition between the forest-edge and forest-interior, and between the intermediate and forest-interior transects. Seven species were detected with a significant indicator value for indicating environmental conditions in the forest edge, while only one such species was found indicative of the intermediate transect. Our results demonstrate that remarkable edge effects exist for species composition and functional diversity patterns, and the forest edge is a marginal habitat with high biotic heterogeneity. Furthermore, functional diversity metrics are more sensitive to the edge effect than species diversity.
The Effect of e-Book Vocabulary Instruction on Spanish–English Speaking Children
Authors: Wood Carla , Fitton Lisa , Petscher Yaacov , Rodriguez Estrella , Sunderman Gretchen , Lim Taehyeong 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the effect of an intensive vocabulary intervention embedded in e-books on the vocabulary skills of young Spanish–English speaking English learners (ELs) from low–socioeconomic status backgrounds.

Method

Children (
N
= 288) in kindergarten and 1st grade were randomly assigned to treatment and read-only conditions. All children received e-book readings approximately 3 times a week for 10–20 weeks using the same books. Children in the treatment condition received e-books supplemented with vocabulary instruction that included scaffolding through explanations in Spanish, repetition in English, checks for understanding, and highlighted morphology.

Results

There was a main effect of the intervention on expressive labeling (
g
= 0.38) and vocabulary on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Fourth Edition (
g
= 0.14; Dunn & Dunn, 2007), with no significant moderation effect of initial Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test score. There was no significant difference between conditions on children's expressive definitions.

Conclusion
Findings substantiate the effectiveness of computer-implemented embedded vocabulary intervention for increasing ELs' vocabulary knowledge.

Implications
Computer-assisted vocabulary instruction with scaffolding through Spanish explanations, repetitions, and highlighted morphology is a promising approach to facilitate word learning for ELs in kindergarten and 1st grade.
Deep learning‐assisted and combined attack: a novel side‐channel attack
Authors: Yu W. , Chen J. 
Published: August 2018

A deep learning (DL)‐assisted and combined side‐channel attack (SCA) is exploited to disclose the secret key of an advanced encryption standard (AES) cryptographic circuit with a countermeasure. Different physical leakages of the protected AES cryptographic circuit such as power dissipation and electromagnetic (EM) emission are captured together at first. Then the deep neural networks are utilised to model the relationship between the power noise and the EM noise by analysing the captured power dissipation and EM emission profiles. Ultimately, a special power attack is performed on the protected AES cryptographic circuit to leak the secret key efficiently through using the EM noise to filter the power noise. As demonstrated in the results, for the conventional SCAs, the secret key of the protected AES cryptographic circuit is undisclosed to the adversary even if 1 million plaintexts are enabled. By contrast, only analysing 32,500 number of plaintexts are sufficient to leak the secret key if the DL‐assisted and combined SCA is executed.
Quad‐band Gysel power divider based on coupled lines
Authors: Gai Chao , Jiao Yong‐Chang , Zhao Yu‐Long 
Published: August 2018

A quad‐band Gysel power divider based on the coupled‐line network is proposed. The closed‐form equations are derived to solve even‐ and odd‐mode impedances of the coupled lines. For illustration, a prototype operating at 0.6, 1.41, 2.14 and 2.95 GHz is designed and fabricated. The measured results show a good agreement with the simulated ones.
The XXL Survey
Authors: Faccioli L. , Pacaud F. , Sauvageot J.-L. , Pierre M. , Chiappetti L. , Clerc N. , Gastaud R. , Koulouridis E. , Le Brun A. M. C. , Valotti A. 
Published: August 2018

Aims. A well characterised detection pipeline is an important ingredient for X-ray cluster surveys.
Methods. We present the final development of the XXL Survey pipeline. The pipeline optimally uses X-ray information by combining many overlapping observations of a source when possible, both for its detection and its characterisation. It can robustly detect and characterise several types of X-ray sources: AGNs (point-like), galaxy clusters (extended), galaxy clusters contaminated by a central AGN, and pairs of AGNs close on the sky. We perform a thorough suite of validation tests via realistic simulations of XMM-Newton images and we introduce new selection criteria for various types of sources that will be detected by the survey.
Results. We find that the use of overlapping observations allows new clusters to be securely identified that would be missed or less securely identified by using only one observation at a time. We also find that, with the new pipeline we can robustly identify clusters with a central AGN that would otherwise have been missed, and we can flag pairs of AGNs close on the sky that might have been mistaken for a cluster.
Butanol Fraction of Olax Subscorpioidea Produces Antidepressant Effect: Evidence for the Involvement of Monoaminergic Neurotransmission
Authors: Adeoluwa Adebayo , Aderibigbe Oladele , Agboola Isaiah , Olonode Toyin , Ben-Azu Benneth 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study sought to investigate involvement of monoaminergic mechanism in the antidepressant action of butanol fraction (BF) of Olax subscorpioidea in rodents and the bioactive principles present. Butanol fraction was evaluated for antidepressant-like effect in the tail suspension, forced swimming and open field tests. All animals were treated with BF (5, 10 & 20 mg/kg) thirty minutes prior to the tests. On the other hand, monoaminergic neurotransmission involvement was probed by pre-treating animals with yohimbine hydrochloride (1 mg/kg, α2 antagonist), prazosin (62.5 µg/kg, α1 antagonist), propranolol (2 mg/kg, non-selective β antagonist), sulpiride (50 mg/kg, D2 receptor blocker), haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg, non-selective D receptor blocker), metergoline (4 mg/kg, i.p., a 5HT-receptor blocker) and PCPA (100 mg/kg, i.p., inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase), fifteen minute before treatment with BF (10 mg/kg). Identification of the major bioactive constituents was done by HPLC. The findings show that BF (5 & 10 mg/kg) significantly decreased immobility in despair tests of depression without effect on locomotor activity. The data also shows that anti-immobility effect of BF (10 mg/kg) in the TST was reversed by prazosin, yohimbine, haloperidol, sulpiride, metagoline and PCPA but not with propranolol. Bioactive principles present are caffeic acid, rutin, morin and quercetin. In conclusion, our findings show that BF produces antidepressant-like effect, which may be dependent on its interaction with the monoaminergic system.