bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation in temporally variable environments: stickleback armor in periodically breaching bar‐built estuaries
Authors: Paccard Antoine , Wasserman Ben A. , Hanson Dieta , Astorg Louis , Durston Dan , Kurland Sara , Apgar Travis M. , El‐Sabaawi Rana W. , Palkovacs Eric P. , Hendry Andrew P. , Barrett Rowan D. H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe evolutionary consequences of temporal variation in selection remain hotly debated. We explored these consequences by studying threespine stickleback in a set of bar‐built estuaries along the central California coast. In most years, heavy rains induce water flow strong enough to break through isolating sand bars, connecting streams to the ocean. New sand bars typically re‐form within a few weeks or months, thereby re‐isolating populations within the estuaries. These breaching events cause severe and often extremely rapid changes in abiotic and biotic conditions, including shifts in predator abundance. We investigated whether this strong temporal environmental variation can maintain within‐population variation while eroding adaptive divergence among populations that would be caused by spatial variation in selection. We used neutral genetic markers to explore population structure and then analysed how stickleback armor traits, the associated genesEdaandPitx1and elemental composition (%P) varies within and among populations. Despite strong gene flow, we detected evidence for divergence in stickleback defensive traits andEdagenotypes associated with predation regime. However, this among‐population variation was lower than that observed among other stickleback populations exposed to divergent predator regimes. In addition, within‐population variation was very high as compared to populations from environmentally stable locations. Elemental composition was strongly associated with armor traits,Edagenotype and the presence of predators, thus suggesting that spatiotemporal variation in armor traits generates corresponding variation in elemental phenotypes. We conclude that gene flow, and especially temporal environmental variation, can maintain high levels of within‐population variation while reducing, but not eliminating, among‐population variation driven by spatial environmental variation.
Unravelling growth trajectories from complicated otoliths – the case of Brazilian codling Urophycis brasiliensis
Authors: Cavole L. M. , Cardoso L. G. , Almeida M. S. , Haimovici M. 
Published: March 2018

Uncertainty regarding the age determination of the Brazilian codling Urophycis brasiliensis has hampered its stock assessment. Transverse sections of otoliths displayed up to seven (in males) and 12 (in females) alternate opaque and translucent bands that could not be conclusively validated as annuli, resulting in unrealistically high ages of first maturity (A50) (A50male = 4·5 years and A50female = 6 years). Therefore, growth was described by the von Bertalanffy (VB) model using an alternative approach that combined microstructure data (daily growth increments) and a fixed asymptotic total length (L∞). This approach was supported by applying it to two other co‐occurring species, the whitemouth croaker Micropogonias furnieri and the king weakfish Macrodon atricauda, for which daily and annual ring formation has previously been validated. The sensitivity to realistic errors associated with the choice of the L∞ and the daily increment readings was shown to be low. The results show that U. brasiliensis has a fast growth rate (Kmale = 1·19 year−1, Kfemale = 0·71 year−1) and early maturation (A50male = 1·1–1·5 years, A50female = 1·6–1·8 years); typical life‐history traits for a sub‐tropical coastal gadiform. This novel study offers an alternative approach for age and growth reconstruction for species with complex patterns of opaque and translucent bands provided that daily growth increments in the yearlings can be counted and L∞ reliably estimated.
Design standards for experimental and field studies to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of tests for infectious diseases in aquatic animals
Authors: Laurin E , Thakur K K , Gardner I A , Hick P , Moody N J G , Crane M S J , Ernst I 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDesign and reporting quality of diagnostic accuracy studies (DAS) are important metrics for assessing utility of tests used in animal and human health. Following standards for designing DAS will assist in appropriate test selection for specific testing purposes and minimize the risk of reporting biased sensitivity and specificity estimates. To examine the benefits of recommending standards, design information from published DAS literature was assessed for 10 finfish, seven mollusc, nine crustacean and two amphibian diseases listed in the 2017 OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals. Of the 56 DAS identified, 41 were based on field testing, eight on experimental challenge studies and seven on both. Also, we adapted human and terrestrial‐animal standards and guidelines for DAS structure for use in aquatic animal diagnostic research. Through this process, we identified and addressed important metrics for consideration at the design phase: study purpose, targeted disease state, selection of appropriate samples and specimens, laboratory analytical methods, statistical methods and data interpretation. These recommended design standards for DAS are presented as a checklist including risk‐of‐failure points and actions to mitigate bias at each critical step. Adherence to standards when designing DAS will also facilitate future systematic review and meta‐analyses of DAS research literature.
Response of the intestinal mucosal barrier of carp (Cyprinus carpio) to a bacterial challenge by Aeromonas hydrophila intubation after feeding with β‐1,3/1,6‐glucan
Authors: Jung‐Schroers V , Adamek M , Harris S , Syakuri H , Jung A , Irnazarow I , Steinhagen D 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe effect of dietary β‐glucan on the bacterial community in the gut of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was examined after oral application of Aeromonas hydrophila. Carp received either feed supplemented with 1% MacroGard®, a β‐1,3/1,6‐glucan, or a β‐glucan‐free diet. Fourteen days after feeding, half of the carp from each group were intubated with 109 colony‐forming units (CFU) of a pathogenic strain of A. hydrophila. Gut samples were taken 12 hr to 7 days after application and analysed using microbiological and molecular biological techniques (NGS, RT‐PCR‐DGGE). The reaction of the mucosa and the microbiota to an A. hydrophila intubation differed in carp fed with β‐glucan compared to carp from the control group. In β‐glucan fed carp, the total bacterial amount was lower but the number of bacterial species was higher. Bacterial composition was different for carp from both treatment groups. The number of mucin filled goblet cells was reduced in carp fed the β‐glucan diet. Mucus was obviously released from the goblet cells and was probably washed out of the gut together with high numbers of bacteria. This might be protective against pathogenic bacteria and, therefore, feeding with β‐glucan may provide protection against infections of the gut in carp.
Health‐Related Quality of Life in a Predictive Model for Mortality in Older Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: DuMontier Clark , Clough‐Gorr Kerri M. , Silliman Rebecca A. , Stuck Andreas E. , Moser André 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo develop a predictive model and risk score for 10‐year mortality using health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in a cohort of older women with early‐stage breast cancer.DesignProspective cohort.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsU.S. women aged 65 and older diagnosed with Stage I to IIIA primary breast cancer (N=660).MeasurementsWe used medical variables (age, comorbidity), HRQOL measures (10‐item Physical Function Index and 5‐item Mental Health Index from the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36‐item Short‐Form Survey; 8‐item Modified MOS Social Support Survey), and breast cancer variables (stage, surgery, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy) to develop a 10‐year mortality risk score using penalized logistic regression models. We assessed model discriminative performance using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration performance using the Hosmer‐Lemeshow test, and overall model performance using Nagelkerke R2 (NR).ResultsCompared to a model including only age, comorbidity, and cancer stage and treatment variables, adding HRQOL variables improved discrimination (AUC 0.742 from 0.715) and overall performance (NR 0.221 from 0.190) with good calibration (p=0.96 from HL test).ConclusionIn a cohort of older women with early‐stage breast cancer, HRQOL measures predict 10‐year mortality independently of traditional breast cancer prognostic variables. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving physical function, mental health, and social support might improve both HRQOL and survival.
Prognosis After Emergency Department Intubation to Inform Shared Decision‐Making
Authors: Ouchi Kei , Jambaulikar Guruprasad D. , Hohmann Samuel , George Naomi R. , Aaronson Emily L. , Sudore Rebecca , Schonberg Mara A. , Tulsky James A. , Schuur Jeremiah D. , Pallin Daniel J. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo inform the shared decision‐making process between clinicians and older adults and their surrogates regarding emergency intubation.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingMulticenter, emergency department (ED)‐based cohort.ParticipantsAdults aged 65 and older intubated in the ED from 2008 to 2015 from 262 hospitals across the United States (>95% of U.S. nonprofit academic medical centers).MeasurementsOur primary outcome was age‐specific in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were age‐specific odds of death after adjusting for race, comorbid conditions, admission diagnosis, hospital disposition, and geographic region.ResultsWe identified 41,463 ED intubation encounters and included 35,036 in the final analysis. Sixty‐four percent were in non‐Hispanic whites and 54% in women. Overall in‐hospital mortality was 33% (95% confidence interval (CI)=34–35%). Twenty‐four percent (95% CI=24–25%) of subjects were discharged to home, and 41% (95% CI=40–42%) were discharged to a location other than home. Mortality was 29% (95% CI=28–29%) for individuals aged 65 to 74, 34% (95% CI=33–35%) for those aged 75 to 79, 40% (95% CI=39–41%) for those aged 80 to 84, 43% (95% CI=41–44%) for those aged 85 to 89, and 50% (95% CI=48–51%) for those aged 90 and older.ConclusionAfter emergency intubation, 33% percent of older adults die during the index hospitalization. Only 24% of survivors are discharged to home. Simple, graphic representations of this information, in combination with an experienced clinician's overall clinical assessment, will support shared decision‐making regarding unplanned intubation.
VITAL change for mums: a feasibility study investigating tailored nutrition and exercise care delivered by video‐consultations for women 3–12 months postpartum
Authors: Vincze L. , Rollo M. E. , Hutchesson M. J. , Callister R. , Collins C. E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundA tailored approach to nutrition and physical activity advice can support women following childbirth in managing barriers (i.e. time and childcare) to making healthy lifestyle changes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the implementation, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a personally tailored nutrition and exercise programme for postpartum women delivered via video‐consultations by an accredited practising dietitian (APD) and accredited exercise physiologist (AEP).MethodsIn this feasibility study (VITAL change for mums), postpartum (3–12 months) women (body mass index ≥25 or >2 kg above pre‐pregnancy weight) who were seeking to achieve a healthy weight participated in a single‐arm intervention. Participants received up to five real‐time personalised video‐consultations (2 × APD, 2 × AEP, 1 × either) over the 8‐week intervention period. Implementation (recruitment, retention, utilisation), acceptability (participant satisfaction) and preliminary efficacy (anthropometry, dietary intake, cardiovascular fitness, physical activity level, psychological wellbeing) were assessed.ResultsThirty women [mean (SD) age 31.6 (3.1) years, body mass index 29.0 (4.0) kg m−2, 100% married/de facto, 80% university level education] were recruited within 10 days and 27 completed the study. Women's mean (SD) ratings (out of a score of 5) indicated satisfaction with the video‐consultations [4.4 (0.9)] and the online setting [4.5 (0.8)]. Women agreed that accessing an APD [4.4 (0.8)] and AEP [4.3 (0.9)] was easier using video‐consultations than attending an in‐person consultation. Statistically significant improvements in waist circumference, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, dietary intake and physical activity were observed from baseline to 8 weeks.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study suggest that a nutrition and exercise intervention delivered by qualified health professionals via video‐consultations is feasible, acceptable and achieves positive outcomes for women following childbirth.
The relationship between physical ill‐health and mental ill‐health in adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Dunham A. , Kinnear D. , Allan L. , Smiley E. , Cooper S.‐A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities face a much greater burden and earlier onset of physical and mental ill‐health than the general adult population. Physical–mental comorbidity has been shown to result in poorer outcomes in the general population, but little is known about this relationship in adults with intellectual disabilities.AimsTo identify whether physical ill‐health is associated with mental ill‐health in adults with intellectual disabilities and whether the extent of physical multi‐morbidity can predict the likelihood of mental ill‐health. To identify any associations between types of physical ill‐health and mental ill‐health.MethodA total of 1023 adults with intellectual disabilities underwent comprehensive health assessments. Binary logistic regressions were undertaken to establish any association between the independent variables: total number of physical health conditions, physical conditions by International Classification of Disease‐10 chapter and specific physical health conditions; and the dependent variables: problem behaviours, mental disorders of any type. All regressions were adjusted for age, gender, level of intellectual disabilities, living arrangements, neighbourhood deprivation and Down syndrome.ResultsThe extent of physical multi‐morbidity was not associated with mental ill‐health in adults with intellectual disabilities as only 0.8% of the sample had no physical conditions. Endocrine disease increased the risk of problem behaviours [odds ratio (OR): 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.47], respiratory disease reduced the risk of problem behaviours (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54–0.99) and mental ill‐health of any type (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58–0.92), and musculoskeletal disease reduced the risk of mental ill‐health of any type (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73–0.98). Ischaemic heart disease increased the risk of problem behaviours approximately threefold (OR: 3.29, 95% CI: 1.02–10.60).ConclusionsThe extent of physical multi‐morbidity in the population with intellectual disabilities is overwhelming, such that associations are not found with mental ill‐health. Mental health interventions and preventative measures are essential for the entire population with intellectual disabilities and should not be focussed on subgroups based on overall health burden.
Certified Nurse‐Midwives’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors About Infant Safe Sleep
Authors: Hodges Nichole L. , Anderson Sarah E. , McKenzie Lara B. , Katz Mira L. 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionLittle is known about the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of certified nurse‐midwives related to sudden infant death syndrome and infant safe sleep. However, this population is an important and trusted source of information for pregnant women and may provide guidance on infant care. We explored these topics with certified nurse‐midwives to identify potential barriers as well as enabling and reinforcing factors associated with providing infant safe sleep education in the prenatal health care environment.MethodsParticipants in this cross‐sectional survey study were certified nurse‐midwives who provide prenatal health care to women in Ohio. Surveys were mailed to all certified nurse‐midwives listed with the licensing registry of the Ohio Board of Nursing (N = 333).ResultsA total of 153 eligible respondents completed the survey for a response rate of 55%. Most participants had at least some knowledge of the infant safe sleep recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics, and two‐thirds had positive attitudes about providing infant safe sleep education in the prenatal environment. Many participants (61%) perceived that there were barriers to providing prenatal infant safe sleep education, but nearly all (94%) indicated that they were interested in providing this education to their patients. Positive attitudes about providing infant safe sleep education were predictive of whether they discussed this topic with their patients.DiscussionCertified nurse‐midwives routinely provide guidance on infant care, and it is important that they are familiar with current evidence‐based recommendations on infant safe sleep. They should be supported in their desire to provide infant safe sleep education to their prenatal patients. In addition, efforts should be made to improve attitudes and social norms related to providing infant safe sleep education in the prenatal environment.
Comparison between the efficacy of microneedling combined with 5‐fluorouracil vs microneedling with tacrolimus in the treatment of vitiligo
Authors: Mina Mary , Elgarhy Lamia , Al‐saeid Hanan , Ibrahim Zeinab 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundSeveral treatment modalities had been used for the treatment of vitiligo, but the optimal treatment has not yet been identified.ObjectivesTo study the efficacy of microneedling with 5‐flurouracil vs its efficacy with tacrolimus in the treatment of vitiligo.Patients and methodsTwenty‐five patients with vitiligo were subjected to microneedling of 2 patches of vitiligo with dermapen, then application of 5‐fluorouracil to 1 patch and tacrolimus on the other patch. This procedure was repeated every 2 weeks for every patient for maximum 6 months (12 sessions). The patients were followed up for 3 months after the last session.ResultsThe overall repigmentation was significantly higher in 5‐fluorouracil‐treated patches compared with tacrolimus. Excellent improvement occurred in 48% of 5‐ flurouracil‐treated patches while only in 16% of tacrolimus‐treated patches. In the acral parts, 40% of the patches treated with 5‐fluorouracil achieved excellent improvement (repigmentation >75%), while no patch in the acral parts achieved excellent improvement with tacrolimus. However, there was significant difference between the 2 drugs,regarding inflammation, ulceration, and hyperpigmentation which occurred with 5‐fluorouracil.ConclusionMicroneedling combined with 5‐fluorouracil or tacrolimus is safe and effective treatment of vitiligo. However, 5‐fluorouracil achieved a greater percentage of repigmentation than tacrolimus particularly in the acral parts.
Skin microneedling for acne scars associated with pigmentation in patients with dark skin
Authors: Al Qarqaz Firas , Al‐Yousef Ali 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundAcne is very common skin condition. Most patients with acne will have a degree of scarring as a result of their acne. In patients with darker skin color the scarring can be further complicated by hyperpigmentation. Several treatment options can be used to improve acne scarring, however the problem of post acne hyperpigmentation is not often addressed. This study especially focus on the treatment of pigmented post acne scarring using skin microneedling.AimsThe primary objective is to assess the improvement of pigmentation of acne scarring in patients with dark skin using microneedling. Secondary objectives include evaluation of post acne scarring improvement and the safety of microneedling in pigmented skin.Materials & Methods39 Patients with darker skin colors (types 3, 4 and 5) completed study. Baseline evaluation for both acne scars and pigmentation scores performed using “post acne hyperpigmentation index” (PAHPI) and Goodman‐Baron scales (GB scale). Microneedling treatment done and subsequently patients reviewed at 2 weeks for initial assessment and then after at least 4 weeks from date of initial assessment using same scoring methods for both scars and pigmentation. Baseline photographs were taken and again at final assessment.ResultsBoth PAHPI and Goodman‐Baron scales showed statistically significant improvement from baseline following microneedling treatment. Side effects were minor and of transient nature. None of our patients showed worsening of pigmentation.ConclusionMicroneedling is an effective treatment for both acne scars and associated pigmentation in patients with dark skin color. The treatment appears to be safe apart from transient redness, mild dryness, and small hematomas, however additional treatments may be needed in some patients to achieve more improvement in pigmentation.
Art Criticism and its Power Over Women Artists ‐ An Inquiry into the Sources of Gender Discrimination in Jewish Palestine/Israel, 1920‐1960
Authors: Trajtenberg Graciela 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDiscrimination against women in the Western field of Visual Arts persists, even today. In this article I reflect upon the formative years of the field of Visual Arts in Jewish Palestine/Israel. I examine what role art critics took in the emergence of the systematic forms of artistic malestream domination. I also analyze which strategies allowed art critics to develop their position as the "knowers" of high art. While artistic malestream practices have not only held back female artists in the past, they also still affect women's artistic careers. Thus, the exposure of these concealed mechanisms can inform both academic scholarship and the artistic discourse.
Guilt(y) Today? What Some German Youths Say After Virtual Encounters with Shoah Survivors
Authors: Morgan Katalin Eszter 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAgainst the theoretical background that sketches Biblical, legal, historical, psychological and biographical perspectives on guilt, this article examines the mental models that some German youths have in relation to the experiences told by Shoah survivors. Ethnographic descriptions and discourse analytical interpretations of these models are based on six participants’ responses to video‐graphed interviews with Shoah survivors. These responses were video‐recorded during a public presentation that the youths gave in a German small‐town in honour of Holocaust Remembrance Day. Results indicate that attitudes to the crimes of the Shoah consist largely of formulaic recitations of commonly‐adopted discourses that separate guilt from responsibility and silence the crimes in multiple, subtle ways. To balance this, some counter‐examples are provided from other German contexts. The article ends by offering pointers towards appropriate ways of being responsible.
Multidisciplinary Approach for Full‐Mouth Rehabilitation of an Adult Patient with Collapsed Occlusal Plane and Several Missing Teeth: A Clinical Report
Authors: Cheong Jieun , Hwang Yu‐Sun , Jung Bock‐Yung 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn the full‐mouth rehabilitation of a patient with severely collapsed occlusion, a multidisciplinary approach including prosthodontics, orthodontics, endodontics, and surgery could provide better esthetic and functional results. Orthodontic treatment aiming for stable occlusion that meets the standard requirement of functional occlusion, enables the maintenance of occlusal function, and guarantees long‐term stability on the basis of periodontal health was attempted. The essential element of this protocol is careful treatment planning based on the optimal sequence pursuing functional occlusion.