bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2059-P: Higher Propensity to Store Energy in Thigh Subcutaneous Fat Associated with a Lower Risk of NDM and Better ß-Cell Function
Authors: HOU XUHONG , CHEN PEIZHU , WEI LI , BAO YUQIAN , JIA WEIPING 
Published: June 2019

Background: The relationship between subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is still not well described due to the fact that SFA has two aspects; it can buffer energy surplus and also reflect obesity severity.
Methods: 3967 subjects, from baseline survey data of the Shanghai Nicheng Cohort Study, were analyzed. Thigh subcutaneous fat area (TSFA), abdominal subcutaneous fat area (ASFA), and visceral fat area (VFA) were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. TSFA% and ASFA% were calculated as the ratio of TSFA and ASFA to the sum of VFA, ASFA, and TSFA, respectively and reflects the propensity to store energy in a given location. Diagnosis of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (NDM) as well as assessments of insulin sensitivity (Homeostatic Model Assessment of insulin resistance and ISI0,120 [GUTT]), and β-cell function (early-, first- and second-phase disposition indices) were made based on an oral glucose tolerance test.
Results: Compared to those without DM, TSFA%, ASFA%, and VFA% in men and women with NDM were 0.25 versus 0.21, 0.39 versus 0.38, and 0.36 versus 0.41; and 0.37 versus 0.32, 0.38 versus 0.37, and 0.26 versus 0.31, respectively. Before and after adjustment for potential confounding factors, each 1-SD increase in TSFA% was associated with a 37-47% and a 34-39% decreased likelihood of NDM in Chinese men and women, respectively (both P &lt;0.05). Multivariable linear regression showed that TSFA% was mildly positively associated with all indicators of β-cell function and/or insulin sensitivity in women and mildly positively associated with DI1st in men. The favorable associations of NDM, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell function with TSFA% were stronger than with ASFA%.
Conclusion: TSFA% reflects the propensity to store energy in subcutaneous fat which is associated with a lower risk of NDM and better β-cell function in both genders.

Disclosure
X. Hou: None. P. Chen: None. L. Wei: None. Y. Bao: None. W. Jia: None.
2062-P: Improvement in Sphingolipids after Combined Weight Loss and Exercise Training in Adults with Obesity and Prediabetes
Authors: BROUSSARD JOSIANE L. , KAHN DARCY E. , NEWSOM SEAN A. , BROZINICK JOSEPH T. , BUI HAI , ROTH KENNETH D. , PERREAULT LEIGH , BERGMAN BRYAN C. 
Published: June 2019

Serum lipids and sphingolipids circulate in plasma and are linked with insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular disease risk. We previously reported that dihydroceramides (DHCer) are elevated in people with insulin resistance compared to individuals with obesity and trained athletes. Despite associations with insulin resistance, little is known whether insulin sensitizing lifestyle interventions can improve sphingolipid profiles.
Twenty-one individuals with obesity and prediabetes (18F; 46± 2y; 35.0± 0.9 kg/m2; fasting glucose: 113.8± 9.4 mg/dl, 2h OGTT: 143.0± 19.4 mg/dl) participated in a 3-month lifestyle intervention of combined weight loss and exercise. Insulin sensitivity (SI) was assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps and both targeted and shotgun lipidomics were conducted before and after intervention.
BMI and body fat percentage were reduced by 11+1% (mean± SEM) and 9± 1% after intervention (p&lt;0.0001 for both). VO2 peak and SI increased by 14± 3% and 66± 12% following the intervention (p&lt;0.0001 for both). Total serum triacylglyceride, diacylglyceride, DHCer and glucosylceramide were significantly reduced following intervention (p&lt;0.05 for all). Reductions in specific species of ceramide (C18:0), lactosylceramide (C24:0), DHCer (C18:0, C24:1, C24:0) and glucosylceramide (C16:0, C22:0, C23:0, C24:1, C24:0) were also apparent. Of these lipids, glucosylceramide C20:0 and C22:0 were negatively associated with SI (r=-0.491, p&lt;0.05 and r=-0.580, p&lt;0.01, respectively). Furthermore, sphingomyelin C14:0, C16:1, C20:0, C21:0, C22:0, C23:0, C24:3 and C24:4 were negatively associated with SI.
These data show that serum sphingolipids species previously linked to insulin resistance in humans can be improved with insulin sensitizing lifestyle interventions. Decreases in serum sphingolipids may explain increased SI and decreased cardiovascular disease risk associated with weight loss and exercise training.

Disclosure
J.L. Broussard: Advisory Panel; Self; National Institutes of Health. Research Support; Self; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Sleep Research Society, Society in Science-The Branco Weiss Fellowship. D.E. Kahn: None. S.A. Newsom: None. J.T. Brozinick: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. H. Bui: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. K.D. Roth: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. L. Perreault: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. Speaker's Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk A/S. B.C. Bergman: Advisory Panel; Spouse/Partner; AstraZeneca, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc.

Funding
American Diabetes Association (1-14-CE-05 to B.B.); National Institutes of Health (RR-00036, K01DK110138); Colorado Nutrition Obesity Research Center (P30DK048520)
2064-P: Effectiveness of Computer or Phone Interventions on Increasing Exercise and Weight Loss in Obese and Overweight Adults: A Meta-analysis
Authors: PU YUELI , GUO MAN , MA XIU M. , CHEN QING , TENG FANGYUAN , ZHANG TING , LIU CUIPING , XU YONG 
Published: June 2019

Aim: The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the effectiveness of the phone- or computer-based intervention on weight loss and improvement in diet and physical activity levels in obese or overweight adults.
Methods: We searched RCTs indexed in PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL from inception through May 1, 2018. A meta-analysis was conducted of RCTs involving participants receiving mobile devices included modern and portable devices.
Results: Eighteen RCTs enrolling 2,567 adult participants from 4 countries (America, Australia, England and Germany) were included. The mean difference (MD) for the effect of using mobile phones or computers on reduction in body weight, BMI, and waist circumference were −1.25 kg (95% CI −1.71 to −0.79, p&lt;0.05), −0.30kg/m2 (95% CI −0.58 to -0.01, p=0.04), and −1.13 cm (95% CI −2.11 to −0.14, p=0.03), respectively, and raising in physical activity weekly was 420.07 kcal (95% CI 67.54 to 772.61, p=0.02), while basing on mobile devices can not significantly reduce daily energy intake (MD −61.05, 95% CI −205.22 to 83.12, p=0.41). Subgroup analyses suggested that use of computers or phones was associated with significant changes in body weight of −1.67 kg and −0.85 kg compared with the control group, respectively. Another subgroup analysis found that the United States, Australia and European countries (England and Germany) lost 1.52 kg, 1,98 kg and 0.33 kg, respectively.
Conclusion: Compared to control group, this meta-analysis indicated that intervention group based on mobile devices had potential effect on a decrease in body weight, waist circumference and a smaller decrease in BMI, and a moderate increase in weekly exercise, while no significant differences in daily energy intake among obese or overweight adults. Subgroup analyses revealed that compared with phone-based intervention, basing on computer significantly reduced body weight, and the United States lost more weight than Australia and European countries.

Disclosure
Y. Pu: None. M. Guo: None. X.M. Ma: None. Q. Chen: None. F. Teng: None. T. Zhang: None. C. Liu: None. Y. Xu: None.

Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81800741)
207-OR: Intentional Insulin Omission for Weight Loss and Psychosocial Outcomes among Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: Findings from Routine Screening
Authors: PAPADAKIS JACLYN L. , ANDERSON LINDSAY M. , VESCO ANTHONY T. , EVANS MEREDYTH A. , WEISSBERG-BENCHELL JILL 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Research has found that up to 31% of youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) restrict insulin in efforts to lose weight (Wisting et al., 2013), and that restricting or omitting insulin has been linked to higher HbA1c. However, less is known about psychosocial outcomes among youth who omit insulin. The purpose of the current study was to examine associations between intentional omission of insulin to lose or avoid gaining weight and psychosocial outcomes among youth with T1D.
Methods: Participants included 54 youth with T1D ages 12-17 (M age = 14.7, 55.6% female) and their caregivers, recruited during routine diabetes clinic visits. Youth and caregivers completed an annual psychosocial screening battery which included the PROMIS® depression and anxiety scales, the Problem Areas in Diabetes measure, and the Diabetes Family Conflict Scale. Youth also answered questions on their intentional omission of insulin to either lose or avoid gaining weight. Analyses were conducted via Pearson’s correlations, t-tests, and Chi-square tests.
Results: Intentional omission of insulin to lose or avoid gaining weight was significantly positively correlated with youth-report of depression, anxiety, diabetes distress, and diabetes-related family conflict. Compared to youth who do not intentionally omit insulin, those who do omit insulin were more likely to have clinically elevated levels of depression (p’s &lt; .05). No differences for parent-reported psychosocial outcomes were found.
Conclusions: Results reveal that youth who intentionally omit insulin for weight purposes are at risk for poorer psychosocial outcomes, especially depression. Additional research is needed to understand the causal direction of these associations, and to examine the potential role of disordered eating behavior. Results also highlight how psychosocial screening during routine diabetes visits can identify youth and caregivers in need of behavioral health interventions.

Disclosure
J.L. Papadakis: None. L.M. Anderson: None. A.T. Vesco: None. M.A. Evans: None. J. Weissberg-Benchell: Consultant; Self; Roche Diabetes Care.
2070-P: Role of Education Attainment in Obesity: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: ZHOU TAO , SUN DIANJIANYI , LI XIANG , HEIANZA YORIKO , QI LU 
Published: June 2019

Lower educational attainment has been associated with an increased risk of obesity; however, the causality of educational attainment in relation to adiposity, body composition, and fat distribution remains to be established. We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses of summary statistics with participants number ranged from 330,762 to 1,131,881 to test the causal effects of educational attainment in body fatness phenotypes [e.g., BMI, body fat mass, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)]. A total of 1,196 available single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with educational attainment were included in the current analysis. Eight complementary MR methods were used to test the robustness of our results. The genetically-instrumented higher educational attainment was consistently associated with a lower BMI [β -0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.45 to -0.39], body fat percentage (-0.31, -0.33 to -0.28), body fat mass (-0.36, -0.39 to -0.33), and waist circumference (-0.31, -0.33 to -0.28). The causal relationships of higher educational attainment with lower body weight, fat-free mass, and hip circumference were less consistent. There was no causal relation between educational attainment and WHR (Figure 1).
In conclusion, our findings indicate low educational attainment may causally increase BMI, body fat and waist circumference.

Disclosure
T. Zhou: None. D. Sun: None. X. Li: None. Y. Heianza: None. L. Qi: None.

Funding
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL0791981, HL034594, HL126024); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK115679, DK091718, DK100383, DK078616); Boston Obesity Nutrition Research Center (DK46300); United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (20110360); American Heart Association (0730094N to L.Q.)
2071-P: Changes in Serum Uric Acid Correlated with Sex Hormones Variations for Chinese Obese Patients Undergoing Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: ZHU CUILING , GAO JINGYANG , MEI FANGYUN , WANG XINGCHUN , ZHOU DONGLEI , QU SHEN 
Published: June 2019

Background: Hyperuricemia (HUA) and sex hormone imbalance in obese patients can be reversed by bariatric surgery. However, the relationships between changes in serum uric acid (SUA) and sex hormones variations after bariatric surgery is unexplored. We aimed to investigate the correlations between changes in SUA and sex hormones variations after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in Chinese obese patients in relation to gender.
Methods: We enrolled 133 severely obese patients who underwent LSG in this study. SUA, sex hormones, and relevant metabolic parameters were compared pre- and 12 months post-LSG.
Results: At baseline, HUA was more common in males than in females. Twelve months after LSG, significant improvements in BMI and glucolipid metabolic indices were noted. SUA levels and the prevalence of HUA were declined significantly in both gender while the changes in SUA and percentage of SUA variations were significantly greater in females than in males (all P&lt;0.01). In addition, we observed significant increase in estradiol (E2) and decrease in total testosterone (TT) in females and increase in TT in males (P=0.018, P=0.006, P &lt;0.001, respectively). In a multiple regression model, after adjusting for age and changes in BMI, fasting insulin (FINS), and HOMA-IR, SUA reduction correlated significantly with increased E2 (β=-0.645, P=0.001) and decreased TT (β=0.503, P=0.014) in females, and increased TT (β=-0.909, P=0.008) in males.
Conclusion: LSG promotes more profound improvement of SUA levels in female obese patients than in males, and SUA reduction after surgery correlated significantly with different sex hormones changes in males and females.

Disclosure
C. Zhu: None. J. Gao: None. F. Mei: None. X. Wang: None. D. Zhou: None. S. Qu: None.

Funding
Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (17DZ1910603); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (1501219107); National Natural Science Foundation of China (81500650, 81700752, 81570782)
2073-P: Are Early Dumping and Postprandial Hypoglycemia after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Related Events?
Authors: ØHRSTRÔM CAROLINE , WORM DORTE , KIELGAST URD , HOLST JENS J. , HANSEN DORTE L. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Early dumping (ED) and postprandial hypoglycemia (PH) are often addressed as two separate complications after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) although symptoms overlap. We investigated the occurrence of ED in RYGB-patients with PH and potential mechanisms.
Methods: In a randomized cross-over study, 11 RYGB-patients with confirmed PH (blood glucose &lt;3.9 mmol/L) underwent 6 separate 4-hour liquid mixed meal tests (MMT) in which continuous heart rate (HR) was recorded by Holter monitoring. The MMTs were preceded by the following: acarbose 50 mg (A), sitagliptin 100 mg (S), verapamil 120 mg (V), liraglutide 1.2 mg s (L), pasireotide 300 µg (P) and no treatment (NT). HR was averaged over 5 minutes intervals and calculated as peak values and incremental changes from baseline (ΔHR). ED was diagnosed as ΔHR ≥10 bpm during the first 60 minutes of the MMT. Associations between HR values and glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 concentrations were tested with the Spearman rank-order correlation and the effects of drug intervention were tested by use of linear mixed models.
Results: With NT, all patients had ΔHR ≥ 15 bpm within the first 35 minutes of the MMT (27 ± 3 bpm, mean ± SEM) corresponding to a 44 ± 4% increase in HR. Peak HR occurred at the same time as peak levels of glucose and GLP-1 (26 ± 2, 31 ± 2, 30 ± 2 minutes; p&gt;0.23) and HR values were positively correlated with glucose, insulin and GLP-1 concentrations (r=0.44, r=0.41, r=0.56; p&lt;0.0001). Intervention with P reduced both ΔHR, insulin and GLP-1 levels, A reduced ΔHR, hyperglycemia and insulin levels, and V reduced ΔHR and peak GLP-1 values (ΔHR: A 18 ± 3, V 18 ± 2, and P 11 ± 2 vs. NT 27 ± 3 bpm; p&lt;0.001).
Conclusion: RYGB-patients with PH have postprandial HR increments suggestive of ED, indicating that PH and ED constitute a combined post-surgical complication. Insulin and GLP-1 are potential mediators driving the HR increments.

Disclosure
C. Øhrstrôm: None. D. Worm: None. U. Kielgast: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Sanofi. J.J. Holst: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. D.L. Hansen: None.
2076-P: Time Restricted Eating (TRE) Promotes Weight Loss, Alters Body Composition, and Improves Metabolic Parameters in Overweight Humans
Authors: CHOW LISA S. , MANOOGIAN EMILY , ALVEAR ALISON C. , WANG QI , PANDA SATCHIDANANDA , MASHEK DOUGLAS G. 
Published: June 2019

TRE, restriction of the eating window, reduces weight in animals and humans. We performed a randomized clinical trial examining the effect of TRE on body composition and glycemic measures in overweight humans without diabetes. We hypothesized that TRE will reduce weight and alter body composition compared with unrestricted feeding (non-TRE).
21 overweight subjects [18F/3M, mean(SE), age: 44.7 years (2.7), BMI:34.6 kg/m2(1.7) with a prolonged eating window:15.6 hours (0.2)] were randomized to either 12 weeks of TRE [n=11 (goal 8 hours)] or non-TRE [n=10]. All oral intake was logged using the myCircadianClock smart phone application to remotely monitor TRE adherence. Subjects also underwent: 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test, 2-week continuous glucose monitoring (Freestyle Libre), and 2-week activity tracking (Actigraph Link) pre and post intervention.
Compared with the non-TRE group [eating window 15.2 hours (0.3)] post-intervention, the TRE group [eating window 10.4 hours (0.6)] decreased weight [-3.6 kg(0.6) vs. -1.4 kg(0.7)], visceral fat [-260 g(110) vs. 38 g(56)], lean mass [-1450 g(389) vs. -95.5 g(351)] and triglycerides [-23.6%(6.8) vs. -0.57%(7.6)] (all p≤0.05). Relative to baseline, the TRE group decreased: weight, fasting glucose, fat mass, lean mass, visceral fat, and fasting triglyceride levels (all p&lt;0.05). This was not observed in the non-TRE group. TRE-related weight loss was associated with lower: fat mass [-4%(0.9)], visceral fat [-11%(4.0)], and lean mass [-3%(0.8)] relative to baseline (all p&lt;0.05). All TRE-related effects were not significant after adjusting for weight loss. Neither intervention significantly altered physical activity.
In overweight subjects, TRE reduced weight and improved metabolic parameters (triglycerides, fasting glucose). However, the TRE-related weight loss included both lean and fat mass loss. Further investigation into the translational aspects of TRE to treat obesity-related disorders is warranted.

Disclosure
L.S. Chow: Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. E. Manoogian: None. A.C. Alvear: None. Q. Wang: None. S. Panda: Other Relationship; Self; PenguinRandomHouse. D.G. Mashek: Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company.

Funding
University of Minnesota Healthy Foods Healthy Lives (17SFR-2YR50LC)
2084-P: Sustained Weight Loss in Men with Hypogonadism and Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) Receiving Long-Term Treatment with Injectable Testosterone Undecanoate (TU): Ten-Year Data from a Urological Registry Study
Authors: HAIDER AHMAD , HAIDER KARIM S. , SAAD FARID 
Published: June 2019

Background: Testosterone is inversely correlated with weight and waist circumference (WC).
Methods: Of 324 men with hypogonadism and T2DM in a registry, 257 (79.3%) were obese, 60 (18.5%) overweight and 7 (2.2%) had normal weight. 152 received TU 1000 mg/12 weeks (T-group), 172 opted against treatment (CTRL). Changes over time between groups were compared by mixed effects model for repeated measures with random effect for intercept and fixed effects for time, group and their interaction, and adjusted for age, weight, WC, fasting glucose, blood pressure, lipids and quality of life to account for baseline differences between the two groups.
Results: Mean age: 62.7±5.1, follow-up: mean: 7.9, median: 9 years. T-group: weight decreased by 21.4±0.5 kg at 10 years. CTRL: weight increased by 4.8±0.4 kg. Estimated adjusted difference between groups: 26.2 kg (p&lt;0.0001 for all). T-group: WC decreased by 12.8±0.4 cm at 10 years. CTRL: WC increased by 5.6±0.4 cm, difference between groups: 18.4 cm (p&lt;0.0001 for all). T-group: BMI decreased by 6.9±0.2 kg/m² at 10 years. CTRL: BMI increased by 1.5±0.1 kg/m², difference between groups: 8.4 kg/m² (p&lt;0.0001 for all). Weight loss was 18.8±0.4% in the T-group and weight gain 5.5±0.3% in CTRL, difference between groups: 24.3% (p&lt;0.0001 for all). T-group: waist:height ratio decreased by 0.07±0.00 at 10 years. CTRL: waist:height ratio increased by 0.03±0.00, difference between groups: 0.10 (p&lt;0.0001 for all). T-group: Visceral adiposity index (VAI) decreased by 2.5±0.2. CTRL: VAI increased by 2.5±0.2, difference between groups: 5.0 (p&lt;0.0001 for all). Since injections were administered in the office and documented, there was a 100% adherence to testosterone therapy.
Conclusions: Long-term testosterone therapy with TU in men with hypogonadism and T2DM sustainably improved anthropometric measures which worsened in untreated controls.

Disclosure
A. Haider: Research Support; Self; Bayer AG. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Bayer AG. K.S. Haider: Speaker's Bureau; Self; Bayer AG. F. Saad: Employee; Self; Bayer AG. Stock/Shareholder; Self; AbbVie Inc., Amgen Inc., Bayer AG.

Funding
Bayer AG
2090-P: Role of Thromboxane-Prostanoid Receptor in Obesity Related Insulin Resistance
Authors: THANGAVELU THIYAGARAJAN , VISWANATHAN SARASWATHI , DESOUZA CYRUS 
Published: June 2019

Background: Thromboxane-Prostanoid Receptor (TP-R) is implicated in several chronic inflammatory disorders. Our preclinical animal studies showed that TP-R plays a critical role in obesity linked Insulin Resistance (IR).
Aim: To determine the link between TP-R and obesity and/or obesity-associated inflammation/IR in human subjects.
Methods: We collected PBMCs from lean normal and obese IR subjects and analyzed the expression of various inflammatory genes including TP-R, Thromboxane A2 Synthase (TXA2S), TNFα, and MCP-1. We obtained subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies from obese subjects and analyzed the TP-R mRNA expression and its correlation with inflammatory cytokines mediating IR.
Results: TP-R mRNA expression is significantly increased in PBMCs of obese IR subjects compared to lean normal subjects (P&lt;0.04 by Wilcoxon rank-sum test). In addition, PBMC TP-R expression is positively correlated with the expression of TXA2S, a gene involved in thromboxane A2 synthesis (n=29, Spearman’s r=0.36, P=0.05). Moreover, TP-R expression is positively correlated with body weight, BMI and fat mass (Figure). In AT, TP-R expression is positively correlated with IL-8 expression (n=31, r=0.49, P&lt;0.005).
Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that TP-R expression is positively correlated with markers of obesity and/or IR and support our hypothesis that TP-R can be used as a biomarker or a therapeutic target for obesity related IR.

Disclosure
T. Thangavelu: None. S. Viswanathan: None. C. Desouza: Consultant; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi US.

Funding
National Institute of General Medical Sciences; Great Plains Institutional Developmental Award for Clinical and Translational Research