bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Variable Stress Induces Sex-Specific Alterations in Social Behavior and Neuropeptide Expression in the Mouse
Authors: Borrow Amanda P , Bales Natalie J , Stover Sally A , Handa Robert J 
Published: May 2018

AbstractChronic exposure to stressors impairs the function of multiple organ systems and has been implicated in increased disease risk. In the rodent, the chronic variable stress (CVS) paradigm has successfully modeled several stress-related illnesses. Despite striking disparities between men and women in the prevalence and etiology of disorders associated with chronic stress, most preclinical research examining chronic stressor exposure has focused on male subjects. One potential mediator of the consequences of CVS is oxytocin (OT), a known regulator of stress neurocircuitry and behavior. To ascertain the sex-specific effects of CVS in the C57BL/6 mouse on OT and the structurally similar neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP), the numbers of immunoreactive and mRNA-containing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) were determined using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively. In addition, the mice underwent a battery of behavioral tests to determine whether CVS affects social behaviors known to be regulated by OT and AVP. Six weeks of CVS increased sociability in the female mouse and decreased PVN OT immunoreactivity (ir) and AVP mRNA. In the male mice, CVS decreased PVN OT mRNA but had no effect on social behavior, AVP, or OT-ir. CVS also increased the soma volume for PVN OT neurons. In contrast, OT and AVP neurons in the SON were unaffected by CVS treatment. These findings demonstrate clear sex differences in the effects of CVS on neuropeptides in the mouse, suggest a pathway through which CVS alters sociability and stress-coping responses in females and reveals a vulnerability to CVS in the C57BL/6 mouse strain.
Norepinephrine and T4 Are Predictors of Fat Mass Gain in Humans With Cold-Induced Brown Adipose Tissue Activation
Authors: Begaye Brittany , Piaggi Paolo , Thearle Marie S , Haskie Kaitlyn , Walter Mary , Schlögl Mathias , Bonfiglio Susan , Krakoff Jonathan , Vinales Karyne L 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Context
In healthy adults with detectable cold-induced brown adipose tissue activation (CIBA), the relationships between sympathetic nervous system (SNS) or thyroid activity during energy balance (EBL) with CIBA and body composition change are undetermined.

Objective
To investigate the relationships between CIBA and thermoneutral catecholamines and thyroid hormones measured during EBL and to determine if CIBA, catecholamines, or thyroid hormones predict body composition changes.

Design, Setting, Participants, and Interventions
Twelve healthy volunteers (seven male and five female) with positive CIBA [&gt;2 standardized uptake value (g/mL)] had 24-hour energy expenditure (24hEE) assessed during EBL via whole-room indirect calorimetry while residing on a clinical research unit. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans were performed after exposure to 16°C for 2 hours to quantify CIBA.

Main Outcome Measures
CIBA, 24hEE during EBL, and thermoneutrality with concomitant measurement of urinary catecholamines and plasma free T3 and free T4. Body composition at baseline and 6 months by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Results
Lower urinary norepinephrine and free T4 were associated with higher CIBA (r = −0.65, P = 0.03; and r = −0.75, P &lt; 0.01, respectively), but CIBA was not associated with 24hEE at thermoneutrality (P = 0.77). Lower CIBA (β = −3.5 kg/standardized uptake value; P &lt; 0.01) predicted fat mass gain, whereas higher urinary norepinephrine and free T4 predicted future fat mass gain at 6 months (β = 3.0 kg per twofold difference in norepinephrine, P = 0.03; and β = 1.2 kg per 0.1-ng/dL difference in free T4, P = 0.03, respectively).

Conclusion
Lower SNS and free thyroid measurements at baseline indicate a greater capacity for CIBA, which may be predictive against fat mass gain.
Remembering Nishu: Spatiality and Belonging in the Missouri River Bottomlands
Authors: Murray Wendi Field , Kroupa Brad KuuNUx TeeRIt 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The late nineteenth and twentieth centuries witnessed profound transformations in the organization of North Dakota’s Native American communities. The end of the fur trade, depleting timber resources, and the passage of the Dawes Act in 1887 led to the eventual fissioning of the coalescent community of Like-A-Fishhook Village. Despite their co-residence at the site for almost three decades, the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara people reestablished ethnically distinct villages in the bottomlands of the Missouri River within the Fort Berthold Reservation. Most of the Arikara population settled on allotments in the Nishu area until it was inundated by the Garrison Dam in the early 1950s. Through interviews with Arikara elders, this collaborative project documents the lived experience of Nishu, now under the waters of Lake Sakakawea and visually inaccessible to their descendants. It investigates the role of spatiality and temporality in community construction—specifically, how the persistence of Arikara memory and tradition empowered residents to navigate changes wrought by the assimilative policies of the U.S government. This research revealed that Arikara memories of these submerged lands embody a dialectic of pervasive nostalgia about living there and profound trauma about being forced to leave. Through this dialectic, it elucidates how time, movement, and place are complicit in residents’ sense of belonging, and discusses the inherent challenges in (re)constructing a community’s memory of “erased” heritage.
Defining Responsibility: Printers, Politics, and the Law in Early Republican Mexico City
Authors: Zeltsman Corinna 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This article explores how printers and their collaborators shaped the implementation and interpretation of freedom of the press laws in early republican Mexico City. Far from passive reproducers of texts written by elites, printers and other behind-the-scenes actors facilitated republican politics by navigating legal categories such as responsibility and authorship that were defined by liberal law yet under debate and unevenly enforced. Focusing on the production, dissemination, and fallout over a controversial 1840 promonarchist pamphlet written by the Yucatecan senator José María Gutiérrez Estrada, the article uncovers a trio of collaborators, especially the young “printer citizen” Ignacio Cumplido, who undermined official efforts to consolidate state authority over political speech and deployed high-minded liberal principles as political strategy. By shifting focus from the pamphlet's well-reasoned arguments to its places of production, reception, and regulation, the article provides insight into how freedom of the press was implemented, manipulated, and debated on the ground.
The Power and Ethics of Vernacular Modernism: The Misicuni Dam Project in Cochabamba, Bolivia, 1944–2017
Authors: Hines Sarah 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This article traces the Misicuni dam project, which promised to solve water scarcity in the Central Valley of Cochabamba, Bolivia. First proposed in the 1940s, the project captured the popular imagination in the 1960s and 1970s, broke ground in the 1990s, and opened in 2017. The decisive impulse for the Misicuni dam project came from a broad democratic alliance of Cochabambinos that pressured the Bolivian state, international development banks, and contractors. This alternative history of vernacular modernism, or cross-class efforts to promote, participate in, and democratize modernist development, moves beyond the existing literature that assumes that outside political, economic, and technical elites impose modernist development projects like dams on communities from above. I argue that Cochabambinos' continued enchantment with the Misicuni dam project owed to the belief that the project's realization would fulfill the 1952 Bolivian Revolution's promise of a water-rich modernity without conflicts and competition over water.
Britannia, the Individual, and the Public Sphere: Thomson to Coleridge
Authors: Richardson John 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In the eighteenth century Britannia became a vehicle for poets and other writers to reflect on the difficult place of the individual in the emerging public sphere. Writers of the first half of the century characteristically imagined the goddess in a domestic political sphere, persuading her “children” to exercise greater patriotism. She sways public opinion to effect improvement. Alone among writers of this period, James Thomson intuitively understood that no single voice had authority in the new politics and that all interventions were contingent. His 1729 Britannia ends with the goddess rushing off to Parliament and the powerless poet left behind in a bleak, coastal setting. Later in the century the importance of Britannia faded, but the patterns established in earlier texts continued. Anna Seward’s 1781Monody on Major Andrè retains some features of the tradition, but rather than move toward hope, in the manner of most earlier texts, it ends with Seward’s melancholy recognition of her own weakness. Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s 1798 “Fears in Solitude,” which also retains some features of the tradition, is a sustained reflection on the individual’s limited influence in the public sphere.
Leopardi Local and Global: Italian Society, European Modernity, and Poetry’s “Natural Duty”
Authors: Luzzi Joseph 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The dialogue between antimodernist and Romantic elements in the work of the Italian poet Giacomo Leopardi fueled his thinking on the crucial issue of italianità, or “Italian identity.” Leopardi wanted to protect what was unique and enduring in Italian culture, especially its ancient Roman literary heritage, yet he understood that his divided, chaotic, stagnant country needed renewal and change, a recurring subject in his early patriotic odes. His ideas on Italy in the Discorso sopra lo stato presente dei costumi degl’italiani (Discourse on the Present State of the Customs of the Italians, ca. 1824) and in the “Palinodia al marchese Gino Capponi” (“Recantation for Marchese Gino Capponi,” 1835) are intertwined with his powerful defense of the social function of poetry. Leopardi exploits the aesthetic tensions resulting from the historical rift between ancient and modern literary concerns by brilliantly applying them to the contentious role of an isolated, politically fragmented Italy in an interdependent, internationalist world.
Value and Abstraction in Thomas Hardy
Authors: Parker Ben 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe production of abstract value—not limited to the transformation of labor under the exigencies of capitalism but extending to modes of signification undermined by abstract equivalence—plays an unprecedented yet overlooked role in the major novels of Thomas Hardy: unprecedented because the realist novel has been previously theorized in terms of an expressive self-production thwarted by social alienation or the usurpation of individual agency; overlooked because Hardy criticism has focused on work as a protected category of meaning creation and social continuity. Abstract value is, however, an empty quantification of labor’s duration and the enforcement of its equivalence; it is not an extension of self into world. Across his novelistic career Hardy revises the tragic weight given in his early fiction to binding material attachments, so the later novels are, by contrast, tragedies of abstract equivalence and separation. In the face of a regime of capitalist abstraction and its relentless downward mobility, Hardy upholds not the continuity or intimacy of work but the less certain affiliations of precarious and uprooted surplus populations.
Generalizations, overgeneralizations and intercultural communication: The stereotype of the Greek nation at commemorative ceremonies in schools.
Authors: Benincasa Luciana 
Published: May 2018

This paper has a double aim: (a) to approach a stereotype of the nation as overgeneralization and obstacle to intercultural communication and (b) to suggest ways to start to “escape” from stereotypical thinking. The first aim is pursued through a comparison between two conceptualizations of the level of “programming” of the human mind: (a) Hofstede’s model of the “software” of the human mind and (b) a stereotype of the Greek nation widely used in schools, as it is presented in the literature. Both constitute theories of the patterns of thinking, feeling and potential acting among the members of nation. The first (scientific) theory is explicitly articulated on three levels: individual, group and human nature. The stereotype of the nation may be viewed as a folk theory. Meant to serve the management of everyday life, it does not have to be explicitly formulated or satisfy the requirements of a scientific theory. The school stereotype was subject to thematic analysis. The comparison suggests that this national stereotype tends to abolish the lines that, In Hofstede’s schema, keep the levels of mental programming clearly separate. As a result, the stereotype constitutes an overgeneralization. As such, it is viewed as an obstacle to successful intercultural communication. Thus, I argue for the need of critical self-examination as the means of acquiring awareness of our stereotypes. To this purpose, a few “techniques” and a brief overview of relevant literature.
Thai nursing students' experiences of caring for patients at the end of life: a phenomenological study
Authors: Matchim Yaowarat , Raetong Parinya 
Published: May 2018

Aim: To describe Thai nursing students' experiences of providing end-of-life care (EoLC). Methods: Data were collected via in-depth interviews with 21 nursing students and were analysed using Van Manen's method. Findings: Eight themes emerged based on Van Manen's four lived worlds: feeling excited and worried when receiving an assigned case; feeling disappointed with the health-care team's provision of psychosocial support for patients at the end-of-life and their families; being in a time of uncertainty; recognising that EoLC is a time for gaining merit; knowing that a peaceful place and privacy are needed for promoting a peaceful death; knowing that the real-life classroom is around the patient's bedside; feeling lonely and needing help and support; and creating relationships with patients and families as a nurse. Conclusions: To promote nursing students' positive clinical experiences in providing EoLC, enhancing staff's competency and closing the theory–practice gap regarding palliative care are necessary objectives.
Eco-Design: Effects of Thickness and Time in Service for Wood-Based Boards on Formaldehyde Emission
Authors: Cinar Hamza , Erdogdu Mutlu 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of board thicknesses and time in service on formaldehyde emission for different wood-based boards sampled from standard particleboard (PB) and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). The test samples were subjected to formaldehyde emission by multi-RAE multiple gas analyzer at a temperature of 20°C and at 65 percent relative humidity for a period of 3 days (Treatment 1 [T1]) and 6 months (Treatment 2 [T2]) after production in accordance with European Committee for Standardization (CEN) EN 13986 and Turkish Standards Institute (TS) EN 717-1. PB with a thickness of 18 mm yielded the highest value of formaldehyde emission (1.1078 ppm for T1; 0.5089 ppm for T2), while 18-mm MDF gave the lowest emission (0.2311 and 0.1378 ppm). After 6 months of production, the reduction was 54 percent for PB and 40 percent for MDF. A significant increase was detected with respect to time in service for all board types, the highest values of formaldehyde emission (1.2900 and 0.5800 ppm) were found in 18-mm PBs that were treated for 3 hours, while the lowest values (0.2433 and 0.1600 ppm) were obtained in the samples of 18-mm MDF that were treated for 1 hour. Accordingly, after 6 months, the reduction in formaldehyde emission was 55 percent for PB and 34 percent for MDF. All values were found above the limits of E1 (≤0.10 ppm, EN 717-1). In conclusion, thickness, time in service, and type of wood-based boards significantly affect formaldehyde emission.
Effect of Adhesive Content and Modification Method on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Eucalyptus Veneer–Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate Film Composites
Authors: Chen Zhenghao , Wang Cuicui , Cao Yang , Zhang Shuangbao , Song Wei 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Formaldehyde-based resin and petroleum-based plastic are often used as an adhesive in plywood manufacturing, which has an adverse effect on people's health and the global environment. We have investigated the plywoodlike composite with wood veneer (WV) and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate film (PHBF) as a novel formaldehyde-free and environmentally friendly composite (WV-PHBF). The composite was prepared with three veneers, and the PHBF placed between adjacent veneers varied from 22.5 to 112.5 g/m2. The composite was hot pressed at 170°C for 70 s/mm under a pressure of 1.0 MPa. Furthermore, the WV-PHBF with an adhesive dosage at 67.5 g/m2 was modified with three modification methods: silane coupling agent (KH-550), alkaline solution (NaOH), and polydiphenylmethane diisocyanate (p-MDI). Results showed the following: (1) under the untreated condition, a composite with more than 67.5 g/m2 adhesive will meet the Chinese National Standard (GB/T) 9846-2015 of bonding and bending strength requirements, and 90.0 g/m2 was the best; (2) the KH-550 and p-MDI treatment had a positive effect on WV-PHBF, but NaOH mainly had an adverse effect; (3) the physical–mechanical properties of the composite with 67.5 g/m2 adhesive content being processed by 1 percent by weight (wt%) KH-550 or 2 wt% p-MDI was better than WV-PHBF with 90 g/m2 adhesive content, especially in bonding strength; (4) statistical analysis shows that 1.0 wt% KH-550 significantly improved the bonding strength properties of WV-PHBF, and water-resistance properties were significantly improved by 2.0 wt% of p-MDI also; and (5) morphological observation shows that KH-550 and p-MDI treatments increase the interfacial compatibility between WV and PHBF of the composites.
Genetic Screening Test to Detect Translocations in Acute Leukemias by Use of Targeted Locus Amplification
Authors: Alimohamed Mohamed Z , Johansson Lennart F , de Boer Eddy N , Splinter Erik , Klous Petra , Yilmaz Mehmet , Bosga Anneke , van Min Max , Mulder André B , Vellenga Edo , Sinke Richard J , Sijmons Rolf H , van den Berg Eva , Sikkema-Raddatz Birgit 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Over 500 translocations have been identified in acute leukemia. To detect them, most diagnostic laboratories use karyotyping, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and reverse transcription PCR. Targeted locus amplification (TLA), a technique using next-generation sequencing, now allows detection of the translocation partner of a specific gene, regardless of its chromosomal origin. We present a TLA multiplex assay as a potential first-tier screening test for detecting translocations in leukemia diagnostics.

METHODS
The panel includes 17 genes involved in many translocations present in acute leukemias. Procedures were optimized by using a training set of cell line dilutions and 17 leukemia patient bone marrow samples and validated by using a test set of cell line dilutions and a further 19 patient bone marrow samples. Per gene, we determined if its region was involved in a translocation and, if so, the translocation partner. To balance sensitivity and specificity, we introduced a gray zone showing indeterminate translocation calls needing confirmation. We benchmarked our method against results from the 3 standard diagnostic tests.

RESULTS
In patient samples passing QC, we achieved a concordance with benchmarking tests of 81% in the training set and 100% in the test set, after confirmation of 4 and nullification of 3 gray zone calls (in total). In cell line dilutions, we detected translocations in 10% aberrant cells at several genetic loci.

CONCLUSIONS
Multiplex TLA shows promising results as an acute leukemia screening test. It can detect cryptic and other translocations in selected genes. Further optimization may make this assay suitable for diagnostic use.
Investigation of secondary school students’ cognitive structure about the concept of atom through the drawing technique<p>Ortaokul öğrencilerinin atom kavramına ilişikin bilişsel yapılarının çizim tekniği ile incelenmesi
Authors: Eryılmaz Muştu Özlem , Ucer Sare 
Published: May 2018

In the current study, the purpose is to determine the secondary school students’ cognitive structure related to the concept of atom by using the drawing technique. The study was conducted with the participation of 90 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grade students in 2016-2017 school year. The students were asked two open-ended questions to illustrate the concept of atom in their minds and to explain where they have learned the information expressed in their drawings about the atom so that the atom models in their minds could be elicited. The students’ responses to these questions were categorized by means of qualitative analysis and frequencies were calculated for them. At the end of the study, it was determined whether the atom models drawn by the students are false or acceptable. It was seen that the students rarely illustrated nucleus and electrons in their drawings and they usually drew spheres. Moreover, the students stated that they learned this information mostly from different textbooks or the Internet. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetÇocuklar, etraflarında olan olaylara karşı aşırı meraklıdırlar ve kavramlara kendileri kişisel anlamlar yüklemektedir. Öğrencilerin kavramları anlayabilmeleri için kavramların zihinlerine doğru bir şekilde kodlanması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada; ortaokul öğrencilerinin atom kavramı ile ilgili bilişsel yapılarının çizim tekniği ile belirlemesi amaçlanmıştır. 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılı bahar döneminde gerçekleştirilen çalışma; 5., 6., 7. ve 8. sınıflarında öğrenim görmekte olan toplam 90 ortaokul öğrencisiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada öğrencilerin zihinlerindeki atom modellerini belirlemek amacıyla atom kavramı ile ilgili bir çizim yapmaları ve bu çizdikleri şekle ait bilgiyi nereden öğrendiklerini ifade edebilmeleri için iki adet açık uçlu soru sorulmuştur. Öğrencilerin verdikleri cevaplar nitel analiz yöntemiyle kategorilere ayrılmış ve frekans değerleri elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin çizdikleri atom modellerinin yanlış veya kabul edilebilir seviye olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin çizimlerinde nadiren çekirdek ve elektronlara yer verdiği genellikle küre şeklinde çizim yaptıkları görülmektedir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin bu bilgilere genellikle farklı ders kitaplarından veya internetten öğrendiklerini ifade ettikleri tespit edilmiştir.