bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weed control efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) spray in replanting oil palm plantation areas
Authors: Che Ruzlan Kamalul Adham , Bakar Shahrul Azman bin , Che Manan Che Ahmad Hafiz , Mohd Noor Muhammad Khairul Anuar , Abd Latif Mohd Razman B. , Zainal Abidin Cik Mohd Rizuan , Jusoh Mashitah , Ahmad Hamdani Muhammad Saiful 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Efficient chemical weed management considers precise application of herbicides, maximizing herbicide retention and absorption, reducing the impact of abiotic factors, and mitigating off-target movement in order to optimize herbicide efficacy. Hence, this study assessed the employability and cost-efficiency of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for pre-planting application and post-emergence selective grass weed control infesting legume cover crops (LCCs) in immature oil palm (Elaeis quineensis Jacq.) plantation. Field experiments were conducted in 2020 and 2021 at a research center and an oil palm replanting area in Jerantut, Pahang, Malaysia. Droplet deposition and distribution analyses revealed that the pressure at 0.25 MPa yielded better spraying coverage and increased droplet counts compared to 0.15 MPa. For pre-planting application, both UAV and mist blower resulted in total weed control. Meanwhile for selective grass control in the LCCs, conventional knapsack sprayer (CKS) application provided slightly better weed control than the UAV over the 12 weeks observation. However, cost-efficiency analysis revealed that UAV spraying yielded economically favorable for areas over 3,000 hectares, with potential savings ranging from 4% to 28%. Furthermore, UAV spraying demonstrated superior operational efficiency and reduced working hours by 37%, water consumption by 91%, and human labor expenses by 81% compared to both conventional methods. These findings underscore the potential of UAV-based spraying for large-scale weed control in oil palm plantations and highlight its efficiency, comparable effectiveness, and cost-saving benefits.
“Salty Drift” of Argo Floats Affects the Gridded Ocean Salinity Products
Authors: Liu Chao , Liang Xinfeng , Ponte Rui M. , Chambers Don P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSalinity is an essential variable for characterizing and understanding the state of the ocean and its role in the climate system. Gridded ocean salinity products, heavily reliant on Argo float measurements since the early 2000s, are widely used in oceanographic and climate research. However, a concerning issue of instrument drift leading to spurious salinity increases (“salty drift”) has been identified in a significant number of Argo floats since 2015. This study investigates the potential consequences of this “salty drift” issue on various gridded salinity products. We compare a suite of these products and evaluate their consistency, particularly from 2015 to 2019. Our analysis reveals two major issues with the gridded salinity products after 2015: a sudden increase in global mean salinity and elevated inconsistencies between gridded salinity products. In 2015–2019, the North Indian and North Atlantic Oceans emerged as regions displaying particularly large disagreements between gridded products compared to the prior period, 2010–2014. These findings highlight the substantial impact of the “salty drift” on the reliability of the gridded salinity products. They also underline the critical need for the oceanography community to address these issues to ensure the validity of future ocean and climate studies that utilize gridded salinity products.
A Database for Simultaneous Observations of the Earth's Magnetosheath by Cluster and MMS Between 2017 and 2021
Authors: Munteanu Costel , Teodorescu Eliza , Echim Marius , Dumitru Daniel , Voitcu Gabriel , Teodorescu Maximilian , Negrea Cătălin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper describes a catalog of simultaneous observations of the Earth's magnetosheath by ESA's Cluster and NASA's MMS missions. The catalog is built from a visual inspection of summary plots provided by the two missions complemented by an analysis of high‐resolution magnetic field data. The catalog includes 117 events when Cluster 4 and MMS 4 crossed simultaneously the magnetosheath between January–April, 2017–2021. The dynamical and turbulent features of the magnetosheath are strongly influenced by θBn, the angle between the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the shock normal direction. To facilitate such investigations, we also determine the bow shock geometry for each event based on two different approaches: (a) a minimum variance analysis of in‐situ magnetic field measurements, and (b) a geometrical approach which considers a bow shock model parameterized by OMNI data. A description of spacecraft trajectory during each event is also provided. Additional data describe the relative distances between Cluster 4 and MMS 4, a classification of each event as either quasi‐parallel or quasi‐perpendicular, and the distribution of events per magnetospheric flank. The time intervals for the Cluster ‐ MMS conjunctions are included in the catalog, as well as all associated figures and tables discussed in this paper are made available through an independent online data repository, and can be freely downloaded and used by any interested researcher.
Nocturnal Sporadic Cusp‐Type Layer (Esc) Resulting From Anomalous Excess Ionization Over the SAMA Region During the Extreme Magnetic Storm on 11 May 2024
Authors: Resende L. C. A. , Zhu Y. , Santos A. M. , Chagas R. A. J. , Denardini C. M. , Arras C. , Da Silva L. A. , Nogueira P. A. B. , Chen S. S. , Andrioli V. F. , Moro J. , Costa J. R. , Li H. , Wang C. , Liu Z. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDigisonde data showed a peculiar behavior in the nighttime lower ionosphere over Cachoeira Paulista (CXP, 22.7°S, 45°W, dip ∼35°), a low‐latitude station located inside the South American Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA) during the main phase of the extreme magnetic storm on 11 May 2024. The E region appeared in observational data at high altitudes after sunset, which is unexpected. In sequence, it performed an unusual descending movement due to the disturbed electric field. The extra ionization responsible for forming the nocturnal E layer is due to the precipitation (EPP) of low energic (<30 keV) particles. Moreover, a diurnal cusp‐type Es layer (Esc) appeared simultaneously, which has never been reported in the literature at such hours. Thus, the results further suggest that the EPP may have caused an oscillation in the thermosphere, forming the Esc usually seen in the daytime. Therefore, this study shows the different mechanisms acting together during this magnetic storm, creating a daytime ionosphere after sunset over the SAMA region, as confirmed by observational data and simulations.
Identifying genetic targets in clinical subtypes of Parkinson’s disease for optimizing pharmacological treatment strategies
Authors: Kong Dewen , Li Cao , Ma LingYan , Du Lida , Jiang Nan , Zhao Xiaoyue , Zhang Sen , Zhao Zhigang , Fang Lianhua , Du Guanhua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The heterogeneity of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been recognized in clinical, with patients categorized into distinct subsets based on motor phenotype, such as tremor-dominant PD (TD), postural instability and gait difficulty-dominant PD (PIGD) and mixed PD (Mix). Despite this categorization, the underlying mechanisms of this heterogeneity remain poorly understood, and there is no personalized effective treatment for each PD subtype. To address this, a rat model for PD subtypes was established by unilateral stereotaxic injection of 6-OHDA, followed by cluster analysis of behavioral data. The serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) and uric acid (UA) levels as well as alterations in brain autonomic activity in rats were consistent with clinical patients, and metabolomics results showed that more than 70% of the metabolites in the serum of different subtypes of PD rats and clinical patients appeared to be consistently altered. Further transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq has elucidated that the development of PD subtypes is associated with altered gene expression in neurotransmitter, neuronal damage in the central or peripheral nervous system, and lipid metabolism. In addition, based on the subtype-specific differentially expressed genes, 25 potential drug candidates were identified. Notably, the Alox15 inhibitor baicalein showed a greater efficacy on Mix rats, highlighting the possibility of selecting targeted treatments for well-defined individuals.
New insights into the role of the CHI3L2 protein in invasive ductal breast carcinoma
Authors: Rusak Agnieszka , Kątnik Ewa , Górnicki Tomasz , Schmuttermaier Christina , Kujawa Krzysztof , Piotrowska Aleksandra , Ratajczak-Wielgomas Katarzyna , Kmiecik Alicja , Wojnar Andrzej , Dzięgiel Piotr , Kzhyshkowska Julia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChitinase-like proteins have multiple biological functions that promote tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Expression of CHI3L2, which is similar in structure to CHI3L1, is detected in glioma cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in glioma and breast cancer. However, its exact role remains unclear. We analyzed the expression of CHI3L2 in 74 invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC) tumors, breast cancer and macrophages cell cultures using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot and PCR methods. Clinicopathologic data were included in the analysis. The results obtained show that CHI3L2 expression decreases with increasing degree of tumor grade and negative status of estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR). Furthermore, CHI3L2 is significantly and positively correlated with phosphorylation of STAT-3 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, but negatively correlated with macrophage infiltration. CHI3L2 is expressed both in the cytoplasm of cancer cells and in macrophages and may regulate STAT-3 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in breast cancer cell lines. Analysis of the clinicopathologic data revealed that CHI3L2 levels had no effect on patient survival. CHI3L2 expression may be specific for cancer cells in IDC and involved in cross-talk with the tumor microenvironment. Our study has shown that IDC cancer cells express the CHI3L2 protein, possibly indicating a novel function of this protein.
Three-year changes in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-T and total mortality in older adults
Authors: Dallmeier Dhayana , Braisch Johanna , Denkinger Michael , Koenig Wolfgang , Rothenbacher Dietrich 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-T (hs-cTnT) is associated with mortality in older adults. However, little is known about the implications of changes over time. We investigated hs-cTnT 3-year change and its association with subsequent mortality in the Activity and Function in the Elderly Study. Participants with baseline and follow-up hs-cTnT < 5 ng/L built the reference group (G1 = 156). Five groups were defined among those with an increment over time: Undetectable at baseline: follow-up < 14 ng/L (G2 = 295), follow-up ≥ 14 ng/L (G3 = 24). Baseline 5 to <14 ng/L: follow-up < 14 ng/L (G4 = 101), follow-up ≥ 14 ng/L (G5 = 96). G6 included baseline and follow-up > 14 ng/L (n = 74). Cox-proportional hazards models evaluated the association with mortality adjusting for age, sex, education, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, number of medications, hs-CRP, and NT-proBNP. Among 745 participants (median age 75.9 years, 58.9% male) we observed 98 deaths (median follow-up 4.8 years). G1 had the lowest mortality rate (MR) (5.2 per 1000 person-years). The highest MR were observed by follow-up ≥ 14 ng/L: G3: 95.4 and G6: 100.4 per 1000 person-years, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 5.22 [95% CI 1.46, 18.65] and 3.40 [95% CI 1.02, 11.34], respectively. Hs-cTnT trajectories could help to identify older adults with a high mortality risk even after further adjustment including hs-CRP and NT-proBNP.
An effective robot selection and recharge scheduling approach for improving robotic networks performance
Authors: ElSayyad Shimaa E. , Saleh Ahmed I. , Ali Hesham A. , Saraya M. S. , Rabie Asmaa H. , Abdelsalam Mohamed M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWith the ability of servers to remotely control and manage a mobile robot, mobile robots are becoming more widespread as a form of remote communication and human-robot interaction. Controlling these robots, however, can be challenging because of their power consumption, delays, or the challenge of selecting the right robot for a certain task. This paper introduces a novel methodology for enhancing the efficacy of a mobile robotic network. The key two contributions of our suggested methodology are: I: A recommended strategy that eliminates the unwieldy robots before selecting the ideal robot to satisfy the task. II: A suggested procedure that uses a fuzzy algorithm to schedule the robots that need to be recharged. Since multiple robots may need to be recharged at once, this process aims to manage and control the recharging of robots in order to avoid conflicts or crowding. The suggested approach aims to preserve the charging capacity, physical resources (e.g. Hardware components), and battery life of the robots by loading the application onto a remote server node instead of individual robots. Furthermore, our solution makes use of fog servers to speed up data transfers between smart devices and the cloud, it is also used to move processing from remote cloud servers closer to the robots, improving on-site access to location-based services and real-time interaction. Simulation results showed that, our method achieved a 2.4% improvement in average accuracy and a 2.2% enhancement in average power usage over the most recent methods in the same comparable settings.
No differences between remote and laboratory-based testing of cardiac interoceptive accuracy using the phase adjustment task
Authors: Spooner Ria , Bird Jonathan M. , Clemente Rhea , Izagirre Nerea Irigoras , Fueyo Elisa Fernandez , Watling Dawn , Plans David , Brewer Rebecca , Bird Geoffrey , Murphy Jennifer 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an increased interest in remote testing methods for quantifying individual differences in interoception, the perception of the body’s internal state. Hampering the adoption of remote methods are concerns as to the quality of data obtained remotely. Using data from several studies, we sought to compare the performance of individuals who completed the Phase Adjustment Task—a new measure of cardiac interoceptive accuracy that can be administered via a smartphone application—supervised in a laboratory against those who completed the task remotely. Across a total sample of 205 individuals (119 remote and 86 laboratory), we observed no significant differences in task performance between the two groups. These results held when matching groups on demographic variables (e.g., age) and considering only individuals who had successfully completed a screener task. Overall, these data attest to the suitability of the Phase Adjustment Task for remote testing, providing an opportunity to collect larger and more diverse samples for future interoception research.
UV LED disinfection as a novel treatment for common salmonid pathogens
Authors: Rauch Kyle D. , Bennett Jessica L. , Stoddart Amina K. , Gagnon Graham A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAeromonas salmonicida and Yersinia ruckeri are common pathogenic bacteria that impact salmonid aquaculture. Although vaccinations are available against both organisms, large-scale vaccination efforts can be expensive, cumbersome, and are not always reliable. Alternatively, these pathogens have been effectively inactivated using UV radiation from mercury-based systems. These systems are energy intensive and fragile which currently limits their use to closed and semi-closed production systems. UV light emitting diodes (UV LEDs) have recently emerged as a novel alternative to traditional mercury-based treatment. UV LEDs have durable housing, a relatively low energy draw, can be powered by a battery source and are adaptable to challenging environments. This study examined the effectiveness of three UV LED wavelengths for disinfection of A. salmonicida and Y. ruckeri in pure culture and resuspended in a wastewater matrix. All tested UV LEDs were effective in disinfecting both organisms. 267 and 279 nm wavelengths outperformed 255 nm disinfection in both test matrices. Particulate matter from wastewater reduced the upper limit of treatment for A. salmonicida but results still indicated that all wavelengths were effective for disinfection in a challenging matrix. This study represents the first use of UV LEDs for disinfection of A. salmonicida and Y. ruckeri and provides impact to aquaculture producers looking to implement novel technologies for disease control.
4-Furanylvinylquinoline derivative as a new scaffold for the design of oxidative stress initiator and glucose transporter inhibitor drugs
Authors: Kuczak Michał , Cieślik Wioleta , Musioł Robert , Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz Anna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the present study, a detailed analysis of the effect of a substitution at the C4 position of the quinoline ring by styryl or furanylvinyl substituents on the structure-antitumour activity relationship was conducted. After analysing a library of derivatives from the styrylquinoline and furanylvinylquinoline groups, we selected the most active (IC50 below 100 nM) derivative 13, which contained the strongly electron-withdrawing nitro group in the furan substituent. The mechanism of action of this compound was studied on cell lines that differed in their p53 protein status. For this derivative, both cell cycle arrest (in G2/M phase in both HCT 116 cell lines and S phase for U-251 cell line) and the induction of apoptosis (up to 66% for U-251 cell line) were revealed. These studies were then confirmed by other methods at the gene and protein levels. Interestingly, we observed differences in the mechanism of action depending on the presence and mutation of the p53 protein, thus confirming its key role in cellular processes. Incubation with derivative 13 resulted in the induction of oxidative stress and triggered a cascade of cellular defence proteins that failed in the face of such an active compound. In addition, the results showed an inhibition of the GLUT-1 glucose transporter, which is extremely important in the context of anti-cancer activity.
Privacy preserving large language models: ChatGPT case study based vision and framework
Authors: Ullah Imdad , Hassan Najm , Gill Sukhpal Singh , Suleiman Basem , Ahanger Tariq Ahamed , Shah Zawar , Qadir Junaid , Kanhere Salil S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools based on Large Language Models (LLMs) use billions of parameters to extensively analyse large datasets and extract critical information such as context, specific details, identifying information, use this information in the training process, and generate responses for the requested queries. The extracted data also contain sensitive information, seriously threatening user privacy and reluctance to use such tools. This article proposes the conceptual model called PrivChatGPT, a privacy‐preserving model for LLMs consisting of two main components, that is, preserving user privacy during the data curation/pre‐processing and preserving private context and the private training process for large‐scale data. To demonstrate the applicability of PrivChatGPT, it is shown how a private mechanism could be integrated into the existing model for training LLMs to protect user privacy; specifically, differential privacy and private training using Reinforcement Learning (RL) were employed. The privacy level probabilities are associated with the document contents, including the private contextual information, and with metadata, which is used to evaluate the disclosure probability loss for an individual's private information. The privacy loss is measured and the measure of uncertainty or randomness is evaluated using entropy once differential privacy is applied. It recursively evaluates the level of privacy guarantees and the uncertainty of public databases and resources during each update when new information is added for training purposes. To critically evaluate the use of differential privacy for private LLMs, other mechanisms were hypothetically compared such as Blockchain, private information retrieval, randomisation, obfuscation, anonymisation, and the use of Tor for various performance measures such as the model performance and accuracy, computational complexity, privacy vs. utility, training latency, vulnerability to attacks, and resource consumption. It is concluded that differential privacy, randomisation, and obfuscation can impact the training models' utility and performance; conversely, using Tor, Blockchain, and Private Information Retrieval (PIR) may introduce additional computational complexity and high training latency. It is believed that the proposed model could be used as a benchmark for privacy‐preserving LLMs for generative AI tools.
HRRPGraphNet: Make HRRPs to be graphs for efficient target recognition
Authors: Chen Lingfeng , Sun Xiao , Pan Zhiliang , Liu Qi , Wang Zehao , Su Xiaolong , Liu Zhen , Hu Panhe 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHigh Resolution Range Profiles (HRRPs) have become a key area of focus in the domain of Radar Automatic Target Recognition (RATR). Despite the success of deep learning based HRRP recognition, these methods needs a large amount of training samples to generate good performance, which could be a severe challenge under non‐cooperative circumstances. Currently, deep learning based models treat HRRPs as sequences, which may lead to ignorance of the internal relationship of range cells. This letter proposes HRRPGraphNet, a novel graph‐theoretic approach, whose primary innovation is the use of the graph‐theory of HRRP which models the spatial relationships among range cells through a range cell amplitude‐based node vector and a range‐relative adjacency matrix, enabling efficient extraction of both local and global features in noneuclidean space. Experiments on the aircraft electromagnetic simulation dataset confirmed HRRPGraphNet's superior accuracy and robustness compared with existing methods, particularly in limited training sample condition. This underscores the potential of graph‐driven innovations in enhancing HRRP‐based RATR, offering a significant advancement over sequence‐based methods.