bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraining the Variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation During the Holocene
Authors: Lippold Jörg , Pöppelmeier Frerk , Süfke Finn , Gutjahr Marcus , Goepfert Tyler J. , Blaser Patrick , Friedrich Oliver , Link Jasmin M. , Wacker Lukas , Rheinberger Stefan , Jaccard Samuel L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere is a converging body of evidence supporting a measurable slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) as climate warms and Northern Hemisphere ice sheets inexorably shrink. Within this context, we assess the variability of the AMOC during the Holocene based on a marine sediment core retrieved from the deep northwest Atlantic, which sensitively recorded large‐scale deglacial transitions in deep water circulation. While there is a diffuse notion of Holocene variability in Labrador and Nordic Seas overturning, we report a largely invariable deep water circulation for the last ~11,000 years, even during the meltwater pulse associated with the 8.2‐ka event. Sensitivity tests along with high‐resolution 231Pa/230Th data constrain the duration and the magnitude of possible Holocene AMOC variations. The generally constant baseline during the Holocene suggests attenuated natural variability of the large‐scale AMOC on submillennial timescales and calls for compensating effects involving the upstream components of North Atlantic Deep Water.
An Investigation of Flow Shear and Diamagnetic Drift Effects on Magnetic Reconnection at Saturn's Dawnside Magnetopause
Authors: Sawyer R. P. , Fuselier S. A. , Mukherjee J. , Petrinec S. M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAt Saturn, solar wind driving of the magnetosphere is predicted to be reduced due to the extreme rotationally driven interior. As a result, the rotationally driven plasma corotates with the planet, possibly out to the magnetopause. Modeling suggests that this corotation should set up conditions that are unfavorable for the onset of magnetic reconnection on the dawnside magnetopause due to the generation of a significant flow shear. The flow shear model being tested makes use of idealized steady state models and a dominant east‐west interplanetary magnetic field orientation with a slight northward component. When the flow shear is larger than the Alfvèn speed, the model indicates that reconnection is suppressed. In this study, we employ observations from Cassini, when the interplanetary magnetic field has a northward component, to test this flow shear suppression model and whether reconnection is suppressed by diamagnetic drifts. Observations from the electron spectrometer on the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer suite of instruments show that reconnection does occur at the dayside magnetopause of Saturn, even in locations where modeling suggests that conditions are unfavorable for its onset. The inconsistency between modeling and observations may be caused by the conditions and assumptions within the model itself. Furthermore, the occurrence of reconnection on the dawnside magnetopause in general may hint at additional complexities in the global structure of Saturn's magnetosphere.
Ionospheric Interhemispheric Asymmetry Induced by Planetary Wave Under Solar Minimum Condition
Authors: Qin Yusong , Gu Sheng‐Yang , Dang Tong , Dou Xiankang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe westward quasi‐6‐day planetary wave with zonal wave number 1 (Q6DW) is important in the Earth's atmospheric coupling. The International Global Navigation Satellite System Service total electron content (TEC) maps show that the Q6DW‐related ionospheric perturbations exhibit clear interhemispheric asymmetry, which do not always agree with the interhemispheric asymmetry feature of the background TEC. The National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Electrodynamic General Circulation Model is then used to investigate the reasons for planetary wave‐induced interhemispheric asymmetry by imposing Q6DW forcing at the model lower boundary at vernal equinox under solar minimum condition. The interhemispheric asymmetry features of the ionospheric responses to Q6DW are well captured by our model simulations. For example, the southern branch of the Q6DW perturbation in F region is ~26% larger than that in the Northern Hemisphere at 30°E, while the background Model TEC is~4.7% stronger in the Northern Hemisphere. We found that the vertical plasma transportation induced by Q6DW perturbations in the neutral wind fields in F region show the same asymmetric features with TEC, which leads to corresponding ionospheric perturbations by changing the local recombination effect. Our further simulations show that the vertical plasma drifts induced by Q6DW through E × B process can also cause interhemispheric asymmetry in Model TEC. It is also found that the zonal component of Q6DW perturbations contributes more to the asymmetry than the meridional component through both neutral wind direct transportation effects and E region wind dynamo effects. Moreover, the ionospheric asymmetry of the Q6DW‐related oscillations also exhibit clear longitudinal variabilities.
Anatomy of Salinity Anomalies Associated With the Positive Indian Ocean Dipole
Authors: Kido Shoichiro , Tozuka Tomoki , Han Weiqing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMechanisms of salinity anomalies associated with the positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) are investigated through a series of sensitivity experiments and an online budget analysis using a regional ocean model. Special emphasis is placed on the contribution from the rectified effects due to high‐frequency variability, which was not quantitatively discussed in previous studies. The results from sensitivity experiments show that positive sea surface salinity (SSS) anomalies in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean are primarily caused by reduction in precipitation and partly by enhanced evaporation due to increased wind speed, while negative SSS anomalies in the central‐eastern equatorial Indian Ocean are generated by zonal advection anomalies induced by anomalous wind stress, consistent with previous studies. Completely new results are that the modulation of nonlinear salinity advection associated with mesoscale eddies also plays an important role in determining the spatial pattern of SSS anomalies, especially in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean. On the other hand, subsurface salinity anomalies are almost entirely caused by wind stress effects mediated by ocean dynamical processes. Further decomposition of advective anomalies suggests that they are mainly explained by the pIOD‐related current anomalies governed by equatorial wave dynamics. However, a vertical shift of nonlinear freshening due to high‐frequency variability also substantially contributes to the generation of positive subsurface salinity anomalies in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. Our results show that large‐scale oceanic changes in response to the pIOD‐related atmospheric anomalies are the key drivers of the observed salinity anomalies, while some nonlinear effects also seem to be at work.
Seasonal Variability of the Southern Tip of the Oxygen Minimum Zone in the Eastern South Pacific (30°‐38°S): A Modeling Study
Authors: Pizarro‐Koch Matias , Pizarro Oscar , Dewitte Boris , Montes Ivonne , Ramos Marcel , Paulmier Aurélien , Garçon Véronique 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe investigate the seasonal variability of the southern tip (30°–38°S) of the eastern South Pacific oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) based on a high horizontal resolution (1/12°) regional coupled physical‐biogeochemical model simulation. The simulation is validated by available in situ observations and the OMZ seasonal variability is documented. The model OMZ, bounded by the contour of 45 μM, occupies a large volume (4.5x104 km3) during the beginning of austral winter and a minimum (3.5x104 km3) at the end of spring, just 1 and 2 months after the southward transport of the Peru‐Chile Undercurrent (PCUC) is maximum and minimum, respectively. We showed that the PCUC significantly impacts the alongshore advection of dissolved oxygen (DO) modulating the OMZ seasonal variability. However, zonal transport of DO by meridionally alternating zonal jets and mesoscale eddy fluxes play also a major role in the seasonal and spatial variability of the OMZ. Consistently, a DO budget analysis reveals a significant contribution of advection terms to the rate of change of DO and the prominence of mesoscale variability within the seasonal cycle of these terms. Biogeochemical processes and horizontal and vertical mixing, associated with subgrid scale processes, play only a secondary role in the OMZ seasonal cycle. Overall, our study illustrates the interplay of mean and (mesoscale) eddy‐induced transports of DO in shaping the OMZ and its seasonal cycle off Central Chile.
The Deflection Angle of Surface Ocean Currents From the Wind Direction
Authors: Bressan A. , Constantin A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWind stress drives the upper ocean circulation in nonequatorial regions by means of an interplay with the vertical turbulent friction and the Coriolis force, generating horizontal wind drift currents which spiral and decay with depth. Classical Ekman theory—applied almost universally in oceanography—predicts that the angle between the vectors of the surface current and surface wind is 45°, if the coefficient of vertical turbulent mixing is constant. However, observations show that the deflection angle is usually close to 30° in arctic regions and larger than 45° in some low‐latitude areas, because the vertical turbulent mixing varies with depth. In contrast to Ekman's classical solution, the solutions that are available for depth‐dependent eddy viscosity are quite involved and, as in data‐driven studies, it is difficult to sort out spurious correlations that obscure the underlying structure. We propose a perturbative approach, providing a formula for the deviation of the deflection angle from the 45° reference value and discussing its implications.
Targeting cell signaling in allergic asthma
Authors: Athari Seyyed Shamsadin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAsthma is chronic inflammation of the airways characterized by airway hyper-responsiveness, wheezing, cough, and dyspnea. Asthma affects >350 million people worldwide. The Th2 immune response is a major contributor to the pathophysiology of asthma. Targeted therapy modulating cell signaling pathways can be a powerful strategy to design new drugs to treat asthma. The potential molecular pathways that can be targeted include IL-4-IL-13-JAK-STAT-MAP kinases, adiponectin-iNOS-NF-κB, PGD2-CRTH2, IFNs-RIG, Wnt/β-catenin-FAM13A, FOXC1-miR-PI3K/AKT, JNK-Gal-7, Nrf2-ROS, Foxp3-RORγt, CysLTR, AMP, Fas-FasL, PTHrP/PPARγ, PAI-1, FcɛRI-LAT-SLP-76, Tim-3-Gal-9, TLRs-MyD88, PAR2, and Keap1/Nrf2/ARE. Therapeutic drugs can be designed to target one or more of these pathways to treat asthma.
Delineating and validating higher-order dimensions of psychopathology in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study
Authors: Michelini Giorgia , Barch Deanna M. , Tian Yuan , Watson David , Klein Daniel N. , Kotov Roman 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHierarchical dimensional systems of psychopathology promise more informative descriptions for understanding risk and predicting outcome than traditional diagnostic systems, but it is unclear how many major dimensions they should include. We delineated the hierarchy of childhood and adult psychopathology and validated it against clinically relevant measures. Participants were 9987 9- and 10-year-old children and their parents from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Factor analyses of items from the Child Behavior Checklist and Adult Self-Report were run to delineate hierarchies of dimensions. We examined the familial aggregation of the psychopathology dimensions, and the ability of different factor solutions to account for risk factors, real-world functioning, cognitive functioning, and physical and mental health service utilization. A hierarchical structure with a general psychopathology (‘p’) factor at the apex and five specific factors (internalizing, somatoform, detachment, neurodevelopmental, and externalizing) emerged in children. Five similar dimensions emerged also in the parents. Child and parent p-factors correlated highly (r = 0.61, p < 0.001), and smaller but significant correlations emerged for convergent dimensions between parents and children after controlling for p-factors (r = 0.09−0.21, p < 0.001). A model with child p-factor alone explained mental health service utilization (R2 = 0.23, p < 0.001), but up to five dimensions provided incremental validity to account for developmental risk and current functioning in children (R2 = 0.03−0.19, p < 0.001). In this first investigation comprehensively mapping the psychopathology hierarchy in children and adults, we delineated a hierarchy of higher-order dimensions associated with a range of clinically relevant validators. These findings hold important implications for psychiatric nosology and future research in this sample.
Depression and suicide risk prediction models using blood-derived multi-omics data
Authors: Bhak Youngjune , Jeong Hyoung-oh , Cho Yun Sung , Jeon Sungwon , Cho Juok , Gim Jeong-An , Jeon Yeonsu , Blazyte Asta , Park Seung Gu , Kim Hak-Min , Shin Eun-Seok , Paik Jong-Woo , Lee Hae-Woo , Kang Wooyoung , Kim Aram , Kim Yumi , Kim Byung Chul , Ham Byung-Joo , Bhak Jong , Lee Semin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMore than 300 million people worldwide experience depression; annually, ~800,000 people die by suicide. Unfortunately, conventional interview-based diagnosis is insufficient to accurately predict a psychiatric status. We developed machine learning models to predict depression and suicide risk using blood methylome and transcriptome data from 56 suicide attempters (SAs), 39 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 87 healthy controls. Our random forest classifiers showed accuracies of 92.6% in distinguishing SAs from MDD patients, 87.3% in distinguishing MDD patients from controls, and 86.7% in distinguishing SAs from controls. We also developed regression models for predicting psychiatric scales with R2 values of 0.961 and 0.943 for Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression–17 and Scale for Suicide Ideation, respectively. Multi-omics data were used to construct psychiatric status prediction models for improved mental health treatment.
CD24: a marker of granulosa cell subpopulation and a mediator of ovulation
Authors: Dong Jun-peng , Dai Zhi-hui , Jiang Zhong-xin , He Yi , Wang Liang , Liao Qiu-ying , Sun Ning-xia , Wang Yi-ning , Sun Shu-han , Lin Wei , Li Wen , Yang Fu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGranulosa cells (GCs) play a critical role in driving the formation of ovarian follicles and building the cumulus-oocyte complex surrounding the ovum. We are particularly interested in assessing oocyte quality by examining the detailed gene expression profiles of human cumulus single cells. Using single-cell RNAseq techniques, we extensively investigated the single-cell transcriptomes of the cumulus GC populations from two women with normal ovarian function. This allowed us to elucidate the endogenous heterogeneity of GCs by uncovering the hidden GC subpopulation. The subsequent validation results suggest that CD24(+) GCs are essential for triggering ovulation. Treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) significantly increases the expression of CD24 in GCs. CD24 in cultured human GCs is associated with hCG-induced upregulation of prostaglandin synthase (ARK1C1, PTGS2, PTGES, and PLA2G4A) and prostaglandin transporter (SLCO2A1 and ABCC4) expression, through supporting the EGFR-ERK1/2 pathway. In addition, it was observed that the fraction of CD24(+) cumulus GCs decreases in PCOS patients compared to that of controls. Altogether, the results support the finding that CD24 is an important mediator of ovulation and that it may also be used for therapeutic target of ovulatory disorders.
Loss of TIMP3 by promoter methylation of Sp1 binding site promotes oral cancer metastasis
Authors: Su Chun-Wen , Chang Yu-Chao , Chien Ming-Hsien , Hsieh Yi-Hsien , Chen Mu-Kuan , Lin Chiao-Wen , Yang Shun-Fa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) is the only member of the TIMP family that binds to the extracellular matrix and suppresses cancer cell growth, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion. However, whether the abnormal expression and promoter methylation of TIMP3 facilitates oral cancer metastasis remain unclear. In this study, the DNA methylation levels of TIMP3 CpG islands were assessed through pyrosequencing. Artificial modulation of TIMP3 was performed to explore the role of TIMP3 in tumor metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that the suppression of TIMP3 transcription by DNA methylation involves the inhibition of the binding of the transcription factor Sp1 to the TIMP3 promoter as well as the upregulation of DNMT1 and DNMT3B. Functional analyses revealed that TIMP3 overexpression reduced migration and invasion abilities in oral cancer cells and inhibited lymph node metastasis in vivo. Moreover, TIMP3 regulated epithelial–mesenchymal transition by increasing the expression of the epithelial markers and reducing the expression of the mesenchymal markers. In conclusion, our findings suggested that the suppression of TIMP3 by DNA methylation contributes to oral cancer metastasis.
Fe azaphthalocyanine unimolecular layers (Fe AzULs) on carbon nanotubes for realizing highly active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic electrodes
Authors: Abe Hiroya , Hirai Yutaro , Ikeda Susumu , Matsuo Yasutaka , Matsuyama Haruyuki , Nakamura Jun , Matsue Tomokazu , Yabu Hiroshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA new class of Pt-free catalysts was designed that included molecular iron phthalocyanine (FePc) derivatives, namely, iron azaphthalocyanine (FeAzPc) unimolecular layers (Fe AzULs) adsorbed on oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes (oxMWCNTs). FeAzPcs were dissolved in organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and catalytic electrodes modified with molecularly adsorbed FeAzPcs were successfully prepared. The optimized composition of the catalytic electrodes was determined, and the electrodes exhibited superior activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and better durability than conventional FePc catalytic electrodes and commercial Pt/C due to the electron-withdrawing properties of the pyridinic nitrogen in FeAzPcs. The catalytic electrodes that were molecularly modified with FeAzPcs have higher activities than those composed of FeAzPc crystals and oxMWCNTs. To the best of our knowledge, among all of the conventional catalysts based on modified MWCNTs and oxMWCNTs, this catalyst exhibits the highest activity. Unlike other Pt-free catalytic electrodes, the Fe AzUL catalytic electrodes can be prepared by low-cost processing without pyrolysis and are therefore promising catalytic electrode materials for applications, such as polymer electrolyte fuel cells and metal–air batteries.
Room temperature giant magnetostriction in single-crystal nickel nanowires
Authors: Pateras Anastasios , Harder Ross , Manna Sohini , Kiefer Boris , Sandberg Richard L. , Trugman Stuart , Kim Jong Woo , de la Venta Jose , Fullerton Eric E. , Shpyrko Oleg G. , Fohtung Edwin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Magnetostriction is the emergence of a mechanical deformation induced by an external magnetic field. The conversion of magnetic energy into mechanical energy via magnetostriction at the nanoscale is the basis of many electromechanical systems such as sensors, transducers, actuators, and energy harvesters. However, cryogenic temperatures and large magnetic fields are often required to drive the magnetostriction in such systems, rendering this approach energetically inefficient and impractical for room-temperature device applications. Here, we report the experimental observation of giant magnetostriction in single-crystal nickel nanowires at room temperature. We determined the average values of the magnetostrictive constants of a Ni nanowire from the shifts of the measured diffraction patterns using the 002 and 111 Bragg reflections. At an applied magnetic field of 600 Oe, the magnetostrictive constants have values of λ100 = −0.161% and λ111 = −0.067%, two orders of magnitude larger than those in bulk nickel. Using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (BCDI), we obtained the three-dimensional strain distribution inside the Ni nanowire, revealing nucleation of local strain fields at two different values of the external magnetic field. Our analysis indicates that the enhancement of the magnetostriction coefficients is mainly due to the increases in the shape, surface-induced, and stress-induced anisotropies, which facilitate magnetization along the nanowire axis and increase the total magnetoelastic energy of the system.
Afternoon urine osmolality is equivalent to 24 h for hydration assessment in healthy children
Authors: Suh HyunGyu , Summers LynnDee G. , Seal Adam D. , Colburn Abigail T. , Mauromoustakos Andy , Perrier Erica T. , Bottin Jeanne H. , Kavouras Stavros A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background/Objectives
While daily hydration is best assessed in 24-h urine sample, spot sample is often used by health care professionals and researchers due to its practicality. However, urine output is subject to circadian variation, with urine being more concentrated in the morning. It has been demonstrated that afternoon spot urine samples are most likely to provide equivalent urine concentration to 24-h urine samples in adults. The aim of the present study was to examine whether urine osmolality (UOsm) assessed from a spot urine sample in specific time-windows was equivalent to 24-h UOsm in free-living healthy children.

Subjects/Methods
Among 541 healthy children (age: 3–13 years, female: 45%, 77% non-Hispanic white, BMI:17.7 ± 4.0 kg m−2), UOsm at specific time-windows [morning (0600–1159), early afternoon (1200–1559), late afternoon (1600–1959), evening (2000–2359), overnight (2400–0559), and first morning] was compared with UOsm from the corresponding pooled 24-h urine sample using an equivalence test.

Results
Late afternoon (1600–1959) spot urine sample UOsm value was equivalent to the 24-h UOsm value in children (P < 0.05; mean difference: 62 mmol kg−1; 95% CI: 45–78 mmol kg−1). The overall diagnostic ability of urine osmolality assessed at late afternoon (1600–1959) to diagnose elevated urine osmolality on the 24-h sample was good for both cutoffs of 800 mmol kg−1 [area under the curve (AUC): 87.4%; sensitivity: 72.6%; specificity: 90.5%; threshold: 814 mmol kg−1] and 500 mmol kg−1 (AUC: 83.5%; sensitivity: 75.0%; specificity: 80.0%; threshold: 633 mmol kg−1).

Conclusion
These data suggest that in free-living healthy children, 24-h urine concentration may be approximated from a late afternoon spot urine sample. This data will have practical implication for health care professionals and researchers.
A unified framework for analysis of individual-based models in ecology and beyond
Authors: Cornell Stephen J. , Suprunenko Yevhen F. , Finkelshtein Dmitri , Somervuo Panu , Ovaskainen Otso 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIndividual-based models, ‘IBMs’, describe naturally the dynamics of interacting organisms or social or financial agents. They are considered too complex for mathematical analysis, but computer simulations of them cannot give the general insights required. Here, we resolve this problem with a general mathematical framework for IBMs containing interactions of an unlimited level of complexity, and derive equations that reliably approximate the effects of space and stochasticity. We provide software, specified in an accessible and intuitive graphical way, so any researcher can obtain analytical and simulation results for any particular IBM without algebraic manipulation. We illustrate the framework with examples from movement ecology, conservation biology, and evolutionary ecology. This framework will provide unprecedented insights into a hitherto intractable panoply of complex models across many scientific fields.