bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatments for subacute cough in primary care: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Speich Benjamin , Thomer Anja , Aghlmandi Soheila , Ewald Hannah , Zeller Andreas , Hemkens Lars G 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundSubacute cough following a non-specific viral infection lasting 3–8 weeks is common. However, despite many treatment options there are no systematic reviews evaluating these.AimTo provide a systematic overview of treatment options and outcomes evaluated in randomised clinical trials (RCTs).Design and settingSystematic review and meta-analyses assessing the overall effects of any treatment for subacute cough.MethodThe authors systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (last search March 2017) for RCTs in adult patients with subacute cough. The authors considered trials evaluating any outcome of any drug or non-drug treatments, apart from traditional Chinese and Asian medicines. They combined treatment effects on cough-related outcomes in random effects meta-analyses.ResultsSix eligible RCTs including 724 patients were identified. These assessed montelukast, salbutamol plus ipratropium bromide, gelatine, fluticasone propionate, budesonide, and nociception opioid 1 receptor agonist and codeine. Five studies reported effects on various cough severity scores at various timepoints. No treatment option was associated with a clear benefit on cough recovery or other patient-relevant outcomes in any of the studies or in meta-analyses for cough outcomes at 14 days and 28 days. Reported adverse events were rather mild and reported for 14% of patients across all treatments.ConclusionEvidence on treatment options for subacute cough is weak. There is no treatment showing clear patient-relevant benefits in clinical trials.
L'archéologie française à l'étranger : redéfinition ou déclin
Authors: Cleuziou Serge 
Published: September 2018

Nous publions ici la liste des missions archéologiques françaises opérant actuellement à l'étranger, liste qui comprend les activités des trois dernières années. Ces missions ne travaillent plus toutes sur le terrain, mais continuent à être financées par la Sous-direction des sciences sociales et humaines du Ministère des relations extérieures pour des activités d'étude et de publication. Nous indiquons ces éléments dans la mesure du possible. Nous avons tenté par la suite de donner une idée de la répartition des activités et des crédits sur ces trois années.
Cette liste a été établie par Nathalie Desse-Berset et le Service de documentation du Centre de recherches archéologique de Valbonne. Tableaux et commentaires sont de Serge Cleuziou.
The Double Dust Envelopes of R Coronae Borealis Stars
Authors: Montiel Edward J. , Clayton Geoffrey C. , Sugerman B. E. K. , Evans A. , Garcia-Hernández D. A. , Kameswara Rao N. , Matsuura M. , Tisserand P. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The study of extended, cold dust envelopes surrounding R Coronae Borealis (RCB) stars began with their discovery by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite. RCB stars are carbon-rich supergiants characterized by their extreme hydrogen deficiency and their irregular and spectacular declines in brightness (up to 9 mag). We have analyzed new and archival Spitzer Space Telescope and Herschel Space Observatory data of the envelopes of seven RCB stars to examine the morphology and investigate the origin of these dusty shells. Herschel, in particular, has revealed the first-ever bow shock associated with an RCB star with its observations of SU Tauri. These data have allowed the assembly of the most comprehensive spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these stars with multiwavelength data from the ultraviolet to the submillimeter. Radiative transfer modeling of the SEDs implies that the RCB stars in this sample are surrounded by an inner warm (up to 1200 K) and an outer cold (up to 200 K) envelope. The outer shells are suggested to contain up to 10−3
M
⊙ of dust and have existed for up to 105 years depending on the expansion rate of the dust. This age limit indicates that these structures have most likely been formed during the RCB phase.
The SPLASH and Chandra COSMOS Legacy Survey: The Cross-power between Near-infrared and X-Ray Background Fluctuations
Authors: Li Yanxia , Cappelluti Nico , Arendt Richard G. , Hasinger Günther , Kashlinsky Alexander , Helgason Kari 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We study the source-subtracted near-infrared and X-ray background fluctuations of the COSMOS field using data from the Spitzer SPLASH program (∼1272 hr) and Chandra COSMOS Legacy Survey (4.6 Ms). The new auto-power spectra of the cosmic infrared and X-ray background fluctuations reach maximum angular scales of ∼3000″ and ∼5000″, respectively. We measure the cross-power spectra between each infrared and X-ray band and calculate the mean power above 20″. We find that the soft X-ray band is correlated with 3.6 and 4.5 μm at ∼4σ significance level. The significance between hard X-ray and the 3.6 μm (4.5 μm) band is ∼2.2σ (∼3.8σ). The combined infrared (3.6 + 4.5 μm) data are correlated with the X-ray data in soft ([0.5–2] keV), hard ([2–7] keV), and broad ([0.5–7] keV) bands at ∼5.6σ, ∼4.4σ, and ∼6.6σ levels, respectively. We compare the new measurements with existing models for the contributions from known populations at z < 7, which are not subtracted. The model predictions are consistent with the measurements, but we cannot rule out contributions from other components, such as Direct Collapse Black Holes (DCBH). However, the stacked cross-power spectra, combining other available data, show excess fluctuations about an order of magnitude on average at ∼4σ confidence at scales within ∼300″. By studying the X-ray SED of the cross-power signal, assuming no significant variation from the infrared, we find that its shape is consistent with DCBHs.
Impact of the Galactic Disk and Large Magellanic Cloud on the Trajectories of Hypervelocity Stars Ejected from the Galactic Center
Authors: Kenyon Scott J. , Bromley Benjamin C. , Brown Warren R. , Geller Margaret J. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We consider how the gravity of the Galactic disk and the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) modifies the radial motions of hypervelocity stars (HVSs) ejected from the Galactic center (GC). For typical HVSs ejected toward low (high) Galactic latitudes, the disk bends trajectories by up to 30° (3°–10°). For many lines of sight through the Galaxy, the LMC produces similar and sometimes larger deflections. Bound HVSs suffer larger deflections than unbound HVSs. Gravitational focusing by the LMC also generates an overdensity of a factor of two along the line of sight toward the LMC. With large enough samples, observations can detect the non-radial orbits and the overdensity of HVSs toward the LMC. For any Galactic potential model, the tangential velocity in the Galactic rest frame provides an excellent way to detect unbound and nearly bound HVSs within 10 kpc of the Sun. Similarly, the radial velocity in the rest frame isolates unbound HVSs beyond 10–15 kpc from the Sun. Among samples of unbound HVSs, measurements of the radial and tangential velocities serve to distinguish GC ejections from other types of high-velocity stars.
Contrast Sensitivity After Wavefront-Guided and Wavefront-Optimized PRK and LASIK for Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Ryan Denise S. , Sia Rose K. , Rabin Jeff , Rivers Bruce A. , Stutzman Richard D. , Pasternak Joseph F. , Eaddy Jennifer B. , Logan Lorie A. , Bower Kraig S. 
Published: September 2018

PURPOSE:
To compare contrast sensitivity among participants undergoing wavefront-guided or wavefront-optimized photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or LASIK for the treatment of myopia or myopic astigmatism 12 months after surgery.

METHODS:
In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, 215 participants with myopia ranging from −0.50 to −7.25 diopters (D) and less than −3.50 D of manifest astigmatism electing to undergo either LASIK or PRK were randomized to receive wavefront-guided or wavefront-optimized treatment. Corrected Super Vision Test (Precision Vision, La Salle, IL) high contrast and small letter contrast sensitivity, uncorrected postoperative contrast sensitivity function, and uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity were measured preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

There was a significant difference within each of the four groups over time when measuring high contrast visual acuity (
P
< .001) and small letter contrast sensitivity (
P
< .001), with the most significant decrease occurring 1 month postoperatively. However, there were no significant differences when comparing the four groups for high contrast sensitivity (
P
= .22) or small letter contrast sensitivity (
P
= .06). The area under the logarithm of contrast sensitivity function did not differ significantly over time (
P
= .09) or between groups (
P
= .16). A pairwise comparison of preoperative to 12-month CDVA showed a significant improvement in all groups (
P
< .017). The change in CDVA was also significantly different between groups as determined by one-way analysis of variance (
P
= .003).

CONCLUSIONS:
Wavefront-guided and wavefront-optimized PRK and LASIK procedures maintained high contrast, small letter contrast sensitivity, and contrast sensitivity function 12 months postoperatively. Although the recovery period for visual performance was longer for PRK versus LASIK, there was no significant difference in treatment type or treatment profile at 12 months postoperatively.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(9):590–596.]
Rate of Unplanned Vitrectomies in Femtosecond Laser–Assisted Cataract Surgery Compared to Conventional Phacoemulsification
Authors: Song Christian , Baharozian Connor J. , Hatch Kathryn M. , Grassett Graham C. , Talamo Jonathan H. 
Published: September 2018

PURPOSE:
To assess the rate of unplanned vitrectomies with femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) compared to conventional phacoemulsification at a single, high-volume, multi-surgeon ambulatory surgical center.

METHODS:
Retrospective, comparative study of phacoemulsification cases performed in a community-based ambulatory surgical center. A chart review of 2,480 consecutive FLACS procedures performed by 30 surgeons and 36,865 consecutive conventional phacoemulsification surgeries performed by 47 surgeons was conducted. The rate of unplanned vitrectomies was evaluated. In eyes with unplanned vitrectomy, the rates of posterior capsule tear, anterior capsule tear, and zonular dehiscence were analyzed. The unplanned vitrectomy rates between early and late FLACS cases were compared using thresholds of greater than 10, 20, and 50 cases.

RESULTS:

There were 230 (0.62%) and 16 (0.65%) unplanned vitrectomies in the conventional phacoemulsification and FLACS groups, respectively (
P
= .89). Of the cases requiring unplanned vitrectomy, posterior capsule tear, anterior capsule tear, and zonular dehiscence rates (conventional phacoemulsification vs FLACS) were 70.9% versus 56.3%, 8.3% versus 12.5%, and 20.9% versus 31.3%, respectively (
P
= .35). The difference in unplanned vitrectomy rates between early and late cases did not reach statistical significance in any threshold group.

CONCLUSIONS:
FLACS had a rate of unplanned vitrectomy comparable to conventional phacoemulsification. There was no statistically significant difference in unplanned vitrectomy rates between early and late FLACS cases suggesting a short learning curve.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(9):610–614.]
Bilateral Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Keratitis After Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Liu Hsin-Yu , Chu Hsiao-Sang , Chen Wei-Li , Hu Fung-Rong , Wang I-Jong 
Published: September 2018

PURPOSE:
To report a case of bilateral non-tuberculous mycobacterial keratitis after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) that was successfully treated with oral and topical fortified antibiotics.

METHODS:
Case report and literature review.

RESULTS:

An otherwise healthy 21-year-old woman presented with culture-proven bilateral
Mycobacterium abscessus
keratitis 8 days after undergoing SMILE, showing multiple white stromal infiltrates in the interface in both eyes. Progressive, diffuse flap edema followed by pocket abscess, exudation in the anterior chamber, granulation tissue formation in the pocket, intrastromal neovascularization, and eventually partial resolution of corneal opacity were noted after topical and oral antibiotic treatment for 6 months. Her corrected distance visual acuity was 20/32 and 20/50 in the right and left eyes, respectively, 12 months after initial presentation.

CONCLUSIONS:
This is the first report of successful medical management of bilateral non-tuberculous mycobacterial keratitis after SMILE. The manifestations are different from and even more difficult to treat than those of keratitis after LASIK.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(9):633–636.]
Red Fox Ancestry and Connectivity Assessments Reveal Minimal Fur Farm Introgression in Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Cross Patrick R. , Sacks Benjamin N. , Luikart Gordon , Schwartz Michael K. , Van Etten Keith W. , Crabtree Robert L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRocky Mountain red foxes Vulpes vulpes macroura potentially encounter other red fox Vulpes vulpes lineages at lower elevations, which may include nonindigenous red foxes derived from fur farms. Introgression from nonindigenous red foxes could have negative evolutionary consequences for the rare Rocky Mountain red fox subspecies. Red foxes at high elevations in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem exhibit lighter coat colors than those at lower elevations, potentially indicating that they represent the indigenous subspecies and that gene flow across the elevational gradient is restricted. We collected tissue samples across a 1,750-m elevation range and examined mitochondrial DNA sequences and nuclear DNA microsatellite genotypes to assess the ancestry and genetic population structure of red foxes in the northern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. We also used reference samples from fur farm red foxes and indigenous red foxes of the western United States to assess the extent of nonindigenous introgression across the ecosystem. We found little overlap in the elevational distribution of maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA haplotypes: above 1,600 m, we only found indigenous Rocky Mountain haplotypes (n = 4), whereas below 1,600 m, we found haplotypes not indigenous to the Rocky Mountains (n = 5) that were associated with fur farms or indigenous to the Great Plains. In contrast, biparentally inherited microsatellite variation showed little population structure across the elevational gradient. Despite this evidence of nuclear gene flow across the elevational gradient, we found little fur farm introgression in the microsatellite genotypes. It is possible that long-standing nuclear (but apparently not mitochondrial) gene flow between Rocky Mountain red foxes and indigenous red foxes on the Great Plains explained the low nuclear differentiation of these populations. Importantly, our results suggested that high elevations of the northern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem remained free of significant fur farm introgression. Mitonuclear discordance could reflect sex-biased dispersal, which we hypothesize could be the effect of elevational differences in reproductive phenology.
Argentine Tango (ca. 1890s–Present)
Authors: Savigliano Marta Elena 
Published: September 2018

Tango often evokes images of men and women caught in a dangerous dance, where obscure desires (forbidden liaisons, betrayal, revenge, jealousy) become spectacularly stylised. Depictions of tangos in theatre and narrative cinema, tango choreographies conceived for the stage, tango portrayals and metaphors in advertisement and literary fiction, and to some extent tango lyrics have contributed to this worldwide well-established cliché.
To Argentines and Uruguayans, and specially to the rioplatenses (inhabitants of the harbour cities of Buenos Aires and Montevideo), tango is a modernist, urban cultural complex that expresses a worldview of conflicting national dislocations, tense racial and ethnic miscegenations, and class struggles, as well as gender and sexual tensions.
Fischinger, Oskar (1900–1967)
Authors: Leskosky Richard J. 
Published: September 2018

Oskar Fischinger (b. 22 June 1900, Gelnhausen, Germany; d. 31 January, 1967, Los Angeles, US) was one of the most influential German abstract experimental animators and creators of visual music. As a youth he studied draughtsmanship and engineering. In 1922, he invented a machine that photographed sequential slices of wax blocks, producing an abstract film in a relatively short time. In Munich, he continued his experiments in creating visual equivalents to orchestral music while making animated cartoons and multi-projector light shows. In Berlin, he did special effects for Fritz Lang’s Frau im Mond [Woman in the Moon] (1929), helped develop the three colour Gasparcolor process, and made stop-motion commercials. In 1936, Fischinger immigrated to the United States. In 1937 he composed the abstract short An Optical Poem to Liszt’s ‘Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2’ for MGM. He worked nine months on the ‘Toccata and Fugue’ segment of Disney’s Fantasia (1940), but none of his original art appears in the film. He continued making abstract expressionist visual music films until 1947, culminating in his masterwork Motion Painting No. 1. Lack of funding subsequently restricted him to painting; around this time he invented a machine to generate artificial sounds. In 1955 he patented the ‘lumigraph’, which enabled its operator to create silent moving colour compositions. Fischinger influenced a host of avant-garde animators, including Norman McLaren, Jordan Belson, and Len Lye, as well as composer John Cage.
Gladstone, William Ewart (1809–1898)
Authors: Cubbon Alexandra Gerena 
Published: September 2018

William Gladstone was a British politician who served as prime minister four times during his career, his first premiership lasting from 1868 until 1874. He was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford, from which he graduated in 1831.
Gladstone began his political career in Parliament in 1832 as a High Tory, but he became a member of the Liberal Party in 1859 after being appointed chancellor of the exchequer under Lord Palmerston. His chancellorship resulted in such legislation as the Exchequer and Audit Act of 1866. During the 1860s and 1870s Gladstone’s domestic policies advocated ‘civic individuality’, while his foreign policy was anti-imperialist and favourable to Irish Home Rule. His views on empire stood in stark contrast to those of his political rival, Conservative Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, who supported imperial expansion in the Middle East and Central Asia. Gladstone famously denounced the Ottoman Empire’s repression of the Bulgarian April uprising in the 1876 pamphlet Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East.
Popular Front
Authors: Guédon Cécile 
Published: September 2018

An alliance of left-wing movements in France, the Popular Front (Front Populaire) won the May 1936 elections, leading to the first French government headed by a socialist prime minister, Léon Blum (1872–1950), from 5 June 1936 to 21 June 1937. After the anti-parliamentarian riots of 6 February 1934, which violently opposed fascist leagues to leftist organisations, the three main left-wing parties, Radical-Socialists, the Section française de l’internationale ouvrière (SFIO, the French Section of the Workers’ International) and the Parti communiste français (PCF, French Communist Party), joined forces, giving way in 1935 to one unified group to counter the rise of fascism in France.
Manto, Saadat Hasan ‏
وسعادت حسن منٹ ‪(1912–1955)
Authors: Asaduddin M. 
Published: September 2018

Saadat Hasan Manto is one of the foremost writers of the Indian subcontinent in Urdu, and, by common consent, the most accomplished practitioner of the short story form in South Asia. He wrote short stories, sketches, portraits, essays, screen plays, seven collections of radio plays, and a novel.
Born into a typical middle-class Muslim family of Samrala, Punjab, to a conservative, domineering father and a gentle mother, he showed no interest in studies at school. Luckily he chanced upon a mentor, Abdul Bari Alig, a dilettante writer and journalist, who introduced him to English, Russian, and French writers—Oscar Wilde, Chekhov, Pushkin, Maupassant, Victor Hugo, and others.
Campbell, Roy (1901–1957)
Authors: Voss Tony 
Published: September 2018

Schooled in South Africa, in 1919 Campbell went to Oxford, but never entered the university. After marriage to Mary Garman in 1922, and the success of his first major work, he returned briefly to Natal, to edit the literary magazine Voorslag, but thereafter lived most of his life in France, Spain, and Portugal, apart from army service in Africa and residence in England during the Second World War.
The Flaming Terrapin (1924), an epic manifesto, established the essentials of Campbell’s poetic style: exuberant imagery, traditional versification, idiosyncratic intensity, and self-projection (‘The man clear-cut, against the last horizon’). The persona is usually a romantic figure from an imagined pre-industrial world. Successive disappointments (the short life of Voorslag and his marriage threatened by adultery) released hilarious satire: The Wayzgoose (1930) is a lampoon of the pretensions of settler culture; The Georgiad (1931) suggests that, like Thomas Pringle (1789–1834) in his clash with the Cape Governor Somerset, Campbell suffered and baulked at the hauteur and moral indifference of the English aristocracy.
Bouabré, Frédéric Bruly (1923–2014)
Authors: Vincent Cédric 
Published: September 2018

Frédéric Bruly Bouabré is one of the best-known contemporary African artists. His drawings first gained international exposure in 1989 when exhibited in the groundbreaking show Magiciens de la Terre (Beaubourg-La Villette, Paris). Since then he has participated in a number of major international exhibitions: Africa Now (1991), Trade Routes-2nd Johannesburg Biennale (1997), Global Conceptualism (1999), Documenta 11 (2002), Africa Remix (2004–7), Biennale de Venise (2013). His artwork succeeds in challenging the gap between supporters of outsider art and those of conceptual art.
Born in the early 1920s into an Ivory Coast farming culture, Frédéric Bruly Bouabré served in the French Navy, worked for the police department in Dakar, Senegal, and held various clerical positions in the colonial administration. In 1948 he had a mystical vision that inspired him to start his own religion, the Order of the Persecuted. He was mainly known by ethnologists as a prophet before his prolific writing and drawing caught the attention of French curator André Magnin.
Filla, Emil (1882–1953)
Authors: Moseman Eleanor 
Published: September 2018

Emil Filla (b. 4 April 1882 in Chropyně in Moravia; d. 6 October 1953 in Prague) is regarded as one of the main leaders of Czech Cubism in early twentieth-century Prague. Best known for paintings that interpret Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in a Czech context, Filla also produced accomplished sculptures, drawings, and prints. His early career was inaugurated by exhibiting with the group Osma (The Eight) (active 1907–8), of which he was a founding member. In 1909 he joined the Mánes Society and became co-editor of its journal Volné Směry (Free Directions) (ed. 1909–11). Filla was a founding member and leading figure of Skupina výtvarných umělců (the Group of Fine Artists) (active 1911–14) and assumed editorship of the group’s journal Umělecký Měsíčník (published 1911–14). From 1914 to 1920 Filla resided in the Netherlands, where he was active in anti-war politics. In 1920 Filla returned to Prague and resumed work with the Mánes Society. He collaborated with Piet Mondrian and Theo Van Doesburg on the first issue of De Stijl in 1917. After 1920 he left behind the analytic and synthetic cubist aesthetic for which he is best known and turned to figural themes. He was briefly influenced by Surrealism in the 1930s as a result of his friendship with Czech Surrealist and Devětsil member Jindřich Štyrský.