bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thirty‐day mortality after emergency surgery for obstructing colon cancer: survey and dedicated score from the French Surgical Association
Authors: Manceau G. , Mege D. , Bridoux V. , Lakkis Z. , Venara A. , Voron T. , De Angelis N. , Ouaissi M. , Sielezneff I. , Karoui M. ,   the AFC (French Surgical Association) Working Group
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimThe aim was to define risk factors for postoperative mortality in patients undergoing emergency surgery for obstructing colon cancer (OCC) and to propose a dedicated score.MethodFrom 2000 to 2015, 2325 patients were treated for OCC in French surgical centres by members of the French National Surgical Association. A multivariate analysis was performed for variables with P value ≤ 0.20 in the univariate analysis for 30‐day mortality. Predictive performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsA total of 1983 patients were included. Thirty‐day postoperative mortality was 7%. Multivariate analysis found five significant independent risk factors: age ≥ 75 (P = 0.013), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score ≥ III (P = 0.027), pulmonary comorbidity (P = 0.0002), right‐sided cancer (P = 0.047) and haemodynamic failure (P < 0.0001). The odds ratio for risk of postoperative death was 3.42 with one factor, 5.80 with two factors, 15.73 with three factors, 29.23 with four factors and 77.25 with five factors. The discriminating capacity in predicting 30‐day postoperative mortality was 0.80.ConclusionThirty‐day postoperative mortality after emergency surgery for OCC is correlated with age, ASA score, pulmonary comorbidity, site of tumour and haemodynamic failure, with a specific score ranging from 0 to 5.
Cue Combinatorics in Memory Retrieval for Anaphora
Authors: Parker Dan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMany studies have shown that memory retrieval for real‐time language processing relies on a cue‐based access mechanism, which allows the cues available at the retrieval site to directly access the target representation in memory. An open question is how different types of cues are combined at retrieval to create a single retrieval probe (“cue combinatorics”). This study addresses this question by testing whether retrieval for antecedent‐reflexive dependencies combines cues in a linear (i.e., additive) or nonlinear (i.e., multiplicative) fashion. Results from computational simulations and a reading time experiment show that target items that match all the cues of the reflexive are favored more than target items that mismatch these cues, and that different degrees of mismatches slow reading times in comparable amounts. This profile is consistent with the predictions of a nonlinear cue combination and provides evidence against models in which all cues combine in a linear fashion. A follow‐up set of simulations shows that a nonlinear rule also captures previous demonstrations of interference from nontarget items during retrieval for reflexive licensing. Taken together, these results shed new light on how different types of cues combine at the retrieval site and reveal how the method of cue combination impacts the accessibility of linguistic information in memory.
The interstitial variant of granuloma annulare: Clinicopathologic study of 69 cases with a comparison with conventional granuloma annulare
Authors: Ronen Shira , Rothschild Matan , Suster Saul 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThe full‐blown lesion of granuloma annulare (GA) is characterized by necrobiotic granulomas with palisading of histiocytes and stromal mucin deposition. Cases in which the granulomatous features are not fully developed have been described as the “interstitial” variant; however, there is no good definition regarding their criteria for diagnosis.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 97 cases of GA.ResultsCases of interstitial GA (69) were paucicellular with scant to no mucin, with only a few scattered mononuclear cells but lacking well‐formed granulomas with multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemical study showed that the cells in conventional cases of GA stained strongly positive for CD68 and CD163, whereas the small mononuclear cells in interstitial GA were strongly positive only for CD163.ConclusionsInterstitial GA differs from the classical GA in several respects, including morphology and immunophenotype. Use of antibodies to CD163 may be helpful for distinguishing the interstitial variant from other conditions. Recognition of the interstitial variant is of importance to explain the presence of lesions that clinically are suspicious for GA but histologically do not resemble the conventional form of the disease.
How Precious Are Scarce Products? An Experimental Study on a Turn‐and‐Earn Allocation Mechanism
Authors: Chen Yefen , Zhao Xiaobo , Zhu Wanshan , Xie Jinxing 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, we conduct laboratory experiments to analyze a turn‐and‐earn allocation mechanism by which a single supplier allocates scarce products to two identical retailers. Under this mechanism, the supplier uses past sales to dynamically allocate scarce capacity among downstream retailers. The experimental data show that retailers strategically and systematically order more than predicted by standard theory. We find that the psychological scarcity effect is an important phenomenon. Using cognitive hierarchy theory, we develop a behavioral model to consider the scarcity effect, which causes retailers to place additional value on the allocations in a supply‐shortfall period. Using structural estimation, we show that retailers perceive scarce products as being more precious than the standard theory predicts, and exhibit an average of 2.7 reasoning steps during strategic interactions. Moreover, the retailers exhibit social rejoice preference. They are more likely to make myopic decisions when the degree of scarcity is relatively low. Comparing with the proportional allocation mechanisms by an additional experiment, we find that the turn‐and‐earn mechanism is more beneficial to the supplier but less to the retailers.
The Impact of Timing and Bundling Flexibility on Affect‐Based Service Package Design
Authors: Dixon Michael J. , Thompson Gary M. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTPast research has provided evidence that customers’ affective responses to service packages, or bundles, include aspects related to the content of the bundle and the timing of bundle elements, or events. Service design efforts that attempt to maximize these affective responses may be inhibited by the degree to which an event is flexible across time and across contextual fit. This article uses numerical simulation of an artificial problem to test hypotheses about the impact of timing flexibility and contextual‐fit flexibility on affect‐based design efforts and provides insight about how differing levels of flexibility constrain or enable designers’ ability to create bundles and schedules that adhere to behavioral‐based design attributes such as the peak, end, trend, and spread effects. Our findings suggest that different kinds of flexibility enable affect‐based schedules in different manners, and managers should consider the impact that flexibility will have on successful affect‐based scheduling efforts.
The echocardiographic assessment of the right ventricle in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia compared with athletes and matched controls
Authors: Boczar Kevin E. , Alqarawi Wael , Green Martin S. , Redpath Calum , Burwash Ian G. , Dwivedi Girish 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThere are discrepancies in the quantitative echocardiographic criteria for the right ventricle (RV) between the revised task force criteria (TFC) for Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia (ARVC/D) and the guidelines for RV assessment endorsed by American Society of Echocardiography (ASE). Importantly, these criteria do not take into account potential adaptation of the RV to exercise. The goal of this study was to compare the revised TFC quantitative echocardiographic parameters in patients with ARVC/D, athletes and matched controls.MethodsEchocardiographic parameters of the RV were retrospectively collected in patients who fulfilled the TFC for ARVC/D, an age‐ matched, sex‐matched, and body surface area‐matched control population, and athletes (defined as individuals who exercised for more than 7 hours per week). Patients with structural heart disease were excluded in the control and athlete groups.ResultsTwenty patients with ARVC/D, 11 athletes and 20 matched controls were included. There was no significant difference between ARVC/D patients and athletes with the exception of the parasternal long axis right ventricular outflow tract diameter. All parameters were significantly different between ARVC/D patients and the control group. Furthermore, when subjects were categorized into meeting 1 major revised TFC/abnormal ASE criteria or not, only ASE criteria were able to differentiate ARVC/D from control population. Both were unable to differentiate ARVC/D from athletes.ConclusionsRight ventricle quantitative echocardiographic criteria in the revised TFC are not specific for ARVC/D. Care should be taken in applying these criteria in athletes.
A 7000‐year history of changing plant trait composition in an Amazonian landscape; the role of humans and climate
Authors: van der Sande Masha T. , Gosling William , Correa‐Metrio Alexander , Prado‐Junior Jamir , Poorter Lourens , Oliveira Rafael S. , Mazzei Lucas , Bush Mark B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTropical forests are shifting in species and trait composition, but the main underlying causes remain unclear because of the short temporal scales of most studies. Here, we develop a novel approach by linking functional trait data with 7000 years of forest dynamics from a fossil pollen record of Lake Sauce in the Peruvian Amazon. We evaluate how climate and human disturbances affect community trait composition. We found weak relationships between environmental conditions and traits at the taxon level, but strong effects for community‐mean traits. Overall, community‐mean traits were more responsive to human disturbances than to climate change; human‐induced erosion increased the dominance of dense‐wooded, non‐zoochorous species with compound leaves, and human‐induced fire increased the dominance of tall, zoochorous taxa with large seeds and simple leaves. This information can help to enhance our understanding of forest responses to past environmental changes, and improve predictions of future changes in tropical forest composition.
How hormones may modulate human skin pigmentation in melasma: An in vitro perspective
Authors: Cario Muriel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMelasma is a common acquired hyperpigmentary disorder occurring primarily in photo‐exposed areas and mainly affecting women of childbearing age. To decipher the role of sex hormones in melasma, this viewpoint reviews the effects of sex hormones on cutaneous cells cultured in monolayers, in coculture, in 3D models and explants in the presence or the absence of UV. The data show that sex steroid hormones, especially oestrogen, can modulate in vitro pigmentation by stimulating melanocytes and keratinocyte pro‐pigmentary factors, but not via fibroblast or mast cell activation. In vitro data suggest that oestrogen acts on endothelial cell count, which may in turn increase endothelin‐1 concentrations. However, data on explants revealed that sex steroid even at doses observed during pregnancy cannot induce melanogenesis alone nor melanosome transfer but that it acts in synergy with UVB. In conclusion, we hypothesize that in predisposed persons, sex steroid hormones initiate hyperpigmentation in melasma by amplifying the effects of UV on melanogenesis via direct effects on melanocytes or indirect effects via keratinocytes and on the transfer of melanosomes. They also help to sustain hyperpigmentation by increasing the number of blood vessels and, in turn, the level of endothelin‐1.
Novel analytical model for fatigue cumulative damage estimation under random loading
Authors: Guedes Rui Miranda 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA newly nonlinear cumulative damage model associated with the S‐N curve, which preserves the compatibility conditions established for S‐N plane, was proposed and assessed by Eskandari and Kim in 2015. The model requires one exponent, in addition to the S‐N curve, to calculate the residual strength. A methodology is established to determine analytically the lower bound value of the exponent. However, this value proved to be too low for a quasi‐isotropic glass‐fibre laminate, based on published residual strength data. Further on, good predictions are obtained for ascending and descending ordered block spectrum. Yet it failed at fully random spectrum. The model was modified by imposing a very small decrease on model exponent towards the lower bound value, each time an increase in peak stress occurs. This modified model has been found to give good agreement with fatigue experimental data at different spectrum loads.
Elevated HSP90 associates with expression of HIF‐1α and p‐AKT and is predictive of poor prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Feng Juan , Xie Guiyuan , Zhan Yuting , Lu Junmi , Xu Lina , Fan Songqing , Wang Weiyuan 
Published: March 2019

AimsHSP90, as a molecular chaperone, has numerous substrate proteins, including HIF‐1α and p‐AKT, but the relationships among HSP90, HIF‐1α and p‐AKT have not been investigated in NPC. We examined and analysed the correlation between expression of HSP90, HIF‐1α and p‐AKT and clinicopathological features of NPC.MethodsWe collected 445 cases of NPC and 54 cases of non‐cancerous nasopharyngeal epithelia tissues, detected expression of HSP90, HIF‐1α and p‐AKT proteins in these tissues by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe results indicated that overexpression of HSP90, HIF‐1α and p‐AKT in NPC was significantly higher than that in non‐cancerous nasopharyngeal epithelia (P < 0.05). The overexpression of HIF‐1α in primary NPC was significantly lower than that in matched lymph node metastatic NPC (P = 0.024) or recurrent NPC (P = 0.039). The overexpression of HSP90 (P < 0.001) and HIF‐1α (P = 0.031) was evidently higher in late stage NPC. NPC patients with lymph node metastasis (LNM) had a higher overexpression rate of HSP90 (P < 0.001) than those without LNM. Increased HSP90 expression was positively associated with HIF‐1α expression (r = 0.367, P < 0.001) and p‐AKT (r = 0.142, P = 0.003) expression in NPC. Furthermore, HIF‐1α was also related to p‐AKT expression (r = 0.114, P = 0.017). The overall survival rate for NPC patients with up‐regulated HSP90 was significantly lower than those with down‐regulated HSP90 (P < 0.001), as was found with raised HIF‐1α (P = 0.036) and increased p‐AKT (P = 0.044). Multivariate Cox regression analysis further identified that HSP90 and HIF‐1α were independent poor prognostic factors for NPC.ConclusionsTaken together, elevated HSP90 was associated with expression of HIF‐1α and p‐AKT in NPC. Furthermore, high expression of HSP90 and HIF‐1α could be used as a novel independent poor prognostic biomarker for patients with NPC.
Individual condition, but not fledging phenology, carries over to affect post‐fledging survival in a Neotropical migratory songbird
Authors: Evans Dean R. , Hobson Keith A. , Kusack Jackson W. , Cadman Michael D. , Falconer C. Myles , Mitchell Greg W. 
Published: March 2019

Migratory animals face severe time and energy constraints during their annual cycle. These constraints may be exacerbated in young animals by conditions experienced during development that can affect both phenotype and phenology. For young migratory songbirds, the period between fledging and autumn migration, the post‐fledging period, is believed to represent a time of intense selective pressure. However, there has yet to be a study that has assessed post‐fledging survival for the entirety of the post‐fledging period, probably due to the challenge of following juveniles as they move broadly across the landscape (tens to hundreds of kilometres). To overcome this challenge, we used an automated radiotelemetry array spanning 60 000 km2 in southern Ontario, Canada, and miniature digital radiotelemetry tags to track 216 juvenile Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica continuously from fledging to migration. We hypothesized that young that fledged in better condition and earlier in the breeding season would have higher survival relative to birds fledging in poorer condition, because they have more energy to deal with resource constraints, and that early‐fledging birds would depart on migration earlier than late‐fledging birds because there is probably a fixed period of time required post‐fledging to prepare for migration. We found that average cumulative apparent survival was 42% and that condition in the nest was a strong positive predictor of post‐fledging apparent survival. We also found that birds that fledged earlier in the season departed on migration earlier in the autumn relative to late‐fledging birds. Contrary to our prediction, average apparent survival was equal for early‐ and late‐fledging birds. Our results suggest that factors during development that promote better nestling condition are critical for predicting future apparent survival prior to migration. Differences in annual apparent survival between early‐ and late‐fledging songbirds, as commonly observed, may be driven by events occurring at later stages of the annual cycle.
Modelling the relationship between tensile strength and porosity in bioceramic scaffolds
Authors: Baino Francesco , Pons Enrico 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA model describing the relationship between tensile strength and total porosity in brittle open‐cell macroporous foams is developed and applied to silicate ceramic scaffolds produced by sponge replication and subsequent sinter‐crystallization. The tensile strength of the scaffolds decreased from 7.4 to 2.3 MPa as the total porosity increased from 0.40 to 0.79. The results of the model, which is based on the concepts of fracture mechanics, were in good agreement with the experimental data (R2 = 0.88), which supports the good predictive capability of the approach presented. In principle, this model could help biomaterials scientists not only to estimate the tensile strength of highly‐porous bioactive glass and ceramic scaffolds, which is often difficult to determine experimentally, but also to improve the rational design of porous bioceramics with customized properties.
Association between human leucocyte antigen alleles and risk of stroke in Iranian population
Authors: Sayad Arezou , Akbari Mohammad Taghi , Inoko Hidetoshi , Khazaei Mojtaba , Mehdizadeh Bijan , Taheri Mohammad , Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated associations between human leucocyte antigen (HLA) and some types of ischaemic stroke. In the present study, we genotyped HLA‐A,‐B and ‐DRB1 alleles in 140 Iranian patients with history of ischaemic stroke and 140 age‐/sex‐matched healthy subjects. No significant difference has been found in the distribution of HLA‐A and B alleles between cases and controls. The DRB1*16 allele was significantly over‐represented in patient group compared with control group (Adjusted p value = 0.048). Other HLA‐DRB1 alleles were not associated with stroke risk. The HLA‐B*35,B*52 genotype was significantly more prevalent among patients compared with controls (Adjusted p value = 0.03, OR [95% CI] = 9.3 [1.3, 407.2]). Several HLA haplotypes were associated with risk of stroke in the assessed population. The current study provides further evidences for participation of HLA in conferring risk of ischaemic stroke.
Clinical benefit of early treatment with bone‐modifying agents for preventing skeletal‐related events in patients with genitourinary cancer with bone metastasis: A multi‐institutional retrospective study
Authors: Owari Takuya , Miyake Makito , Nakai Yasushi , Hori Shunta , Tomizawa Mitsuru , Ichikawa Kazuki , Shimizu Takuto , Iida Kota , Samma Shoji , Iemura Yusuke , Momose Hitoshi , Omori Chihiro , Otani Takeshi , Kuwada Masaomi , Hirao Shuya , Oyama Nobuo , Nakagawa Yoshinori , Hayashi Yoshiki , Tanaka Nobumichi , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical benefit of bone‐modifying agents and identify the risk factors of skeletal‐related events in patients with genitourinary cancer with newly diagnosed bone metastasis.MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective study including a total of 650 patients with bone metastasis of the following cancer types: hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (n = 443), castration‐resistant prostate cancer (n = 50), renal cell carcinoma (n = 80) and urothelial carcinoma (n = 77). Clinical factors at the time of diagnosis of bone metastasis were analyzed. Early treatment with bone‐modifying agents was defined as follows: administration of bone‐modifying agents before the development of skeletal‐related events and within 6 months from the diagnosis of bone metastasis.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period (median 19.0 months, interquartile range 6.0–43.8 months), skeletal‐related events were reported in 88 (20%) patients with hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer, 17 (34%) patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer, 58 (73%) patients with renal cell carcinoma and 34 (44%) patients with urothelial carcinoma. Early treatment with bone‐modifying agents significantly prolonged the time to the first skeletal‐related event in castration‐resistant prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma, but not in hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer. Bone pain and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels were independent predictive risk factors of the first skeletal‐related event. The subgroup analysis showed that early treatment with bone‐modifying agents was associated with prolonged time to the first skeletal‐related events in patients with bone pain or elevated alkaline phosphatase levels.ConclusionsEarly treatment with bone‐modifying agents should be considered, especially for patients with bone pain and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels, to prevent skeletal‐related events in patients with genitourinary cancer with bone metastasis.
Robust reward–risk ratio portfolio optimization
Authors: Sehgal Ruchika , Mehra Aparna 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we propose robust portfolio optimization models for reward–risk ratios utilizing Omega, semi‐mean absolute deviation ratio, and weighted stable tail adjusted return ratio (STARR). We address the uncertainty in returns on assets by varying them in symmetric bounded intervals. The proposed robust reward–risk ratios preserve linearity in the resulting models, and hence are tractable. However, the robust models involve a sizably voluminous number of constraints, especially when the number of assets and scenarios is large. We employ the cutting plane algorithm to solve the proposed models in a much reduced time efficiently. We evaluate the performance of the robust reward–risk ratio models on the listed stocks of FTSE 100, Nikkei 225, S&P 500, and S&P BSE 500. The robust portfolio optimization models are found to outperform their conventional counterpart models in terms of statistics measured by the standard deviation, value at risk (VaR), conditional value at risk (CVaR), Sharpe ratio, and STARR ratio.