bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal intra‐abdominal bowel dilation in prediction of complex gastroschisis
Authors: Andrade W. S. , Brizot M. L. , Francisco R. P. V. , Tannuri A. C. , Syngelaki A. , Akolekar R. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate intra‐abdominal bowel dilation (IABD) in the prediction of complex gastroschisis.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 174 singleton pregnancies with isolated fetal gastroschisis, resulting in live birth and with available ultrasound images from visits at both 20–22 and 30–32 weeks' gestation. IABD was measured as the greatest transverse diameter of the most dilated intra‐abdominal bowel segment, by an operator blinded to postnatal outcome. The distribution of IABD measurements in those with complex and those with simple gastroschisis was determined and the best cut‐off value to predict complex gastroschisis was selected using receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curves. The area under the ROC curve (AUC), detection rate (DR), false‐positive rate (FPR), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were determined.ResultsThe study population included 39 (22.4%) cases of complex and 135 (77.6%) cases of simple gastroschisis. In the prediction of complex gastroschisis, the AUC at 20–22 weeks' gestation was 0.742 (95% CI, 0.628–0.856) and the respective value for 30–32 weeks was 0.820 (95% CI, 0.729–0.910). At the IABD cut‐off of 7 mm at 20–22 weeks, DR, FPR, PPV and NPV for complex gastroschisis were 61.5%, 6.7%, 72.7% and 89.4%, respectively, and at IABD cut‐off of 14 mm at 30–32 weeks, the respective values were 64.9%, 5.9%, 75.0% and 90.7%.ConclusionMeasurement of IABD at 20–22 or at 30–32 weeks' gestation is useful in the prediction of complex gastroschisis. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A five-year follow-up study of antioxidants, oxidative stress and polyunsaturated fatty acids in schizophrenia
Authors: Solberg Dag K. , Refsum Helge , Andreassen Ole A. , Bentsen Håvard 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:Oxidative stress and dysregulated antioxidant defence may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In the present study, we investigated changes in antioxidants and oxidative stress from an acute to a later stable phase. We hypothesised that the levels of oxidative markers are increased in schizophrenia compared with healthy controls; change from the acute to the stable phase; and are associated with the levels of membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and symptom severity.Methods:Fifty-five patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, assessed during an acute phase and 5 years later during a stable phase, and 51 healthy controls were included. We measured antioxidants (α-tocopherol, uric acid, albumin and bilirubin), markers of oxidative stress (F2-isoprostane and reactive oxygen metabolites) and membrane fatty acids. Antioxidants and oxidative stress markers were compared in schizophrenia versus healthy controls, adjusting for differences in sex, age and smoking, and changes over time. Associations between symptoms and PUFA were also investigated.Results:In the acute phase, α-tocopherol was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.001), while albumin was lower (p &lt; 0.001) compared with the stable phase. Changes in α-tocopherol were associated with PUFA levels in the acute phase. In the stable phase, schizophrenia patients had higher uric acid (p = 0.009) and lower bilirubin (p = 0.046) than healthy controls. CRP was higher in patients in the stable phase (p &lt; 0.001), and there was no significant change from the acute phase.Conclusion:The present findings of change in antioxidant levels in the acute versus stable phase of schizophrenia the present findings suggest that redox regulation is dynamic and changes during different phases of the disorder.
Impact of dietary protein intake and obesity on lean mass in middle-aged individuals after a 12-year follow-up: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES)
Authors: So Eunjin , Choi Seul Ki , Joung Hyojee 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe present study investigated the association between protein intake and lean mass according to obesity status over a 12-year period. Data on 4412 participants aged 40–69 years were obtained from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The usual dietary protein intake of these participants was assessed at baseline using a semi-quantitative FFQ. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis at baseline and after a 12-year follow-up. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the associations between lean mass after a 12-year follow-up and protein intake at baseline. After adjusting for covariates and lean mass at baseline, comparisons between the highest and lowest tertiles revealed that dietary protein intake was positively associated with lean mass in both men (β = 0·79, P = 0·001) and women (β = 0·28, P = 0·082) after the 12-year period; however, those differences were attenuated after additional adjustment for fat mass at baseline and were stronger in the normal-weight group (men, β = 0·85, P = 0·002; women, β = 0·97, P &lt; 0·001) but were not detected in the obese group. In the obese group, age (men, β = 4·08, P &lt; 0·001; women, β = 2·61, P &lt; 0·001) and regular physical activity (men, β = 0·88, P = 0·054; women, β = 0·76, P &lt; 0·001) were significantly associated with lean mass after 12 years of follow-up. The results of the present study showed that protein intake may contribute to the prevention of ageing-related lean mass loss; however, the impact of this intake may vary depending on obesity status. Therefore, the maintenance of a healthy body weight during ageing through enhanced protein intake is likely to confer health benefits.
On the Assurance Risks incident to Professional Military and Naval Lives; and the Rates of Extra Premiums which should be charged for such Risks
Authors: Smee A. H. , Ackland Thomas G. 
Published: June 2019

In assessing the risks to be provided against in the case of professional military and naval lives, consideration has to be given to the following distinct elements:(1) The risk of death at home stations, or the normal mortality.(2) The risk of death at foreign stations in time of peace, or the climate risk.(3) The risk of death in active military service in the constantly recurring “small wars.”(4) The risk of death in active military operations in “national wars.”(5) The liability, in time of peace, to foreign service.(6) The liability to active service in the field in “small wars.”(7) The liability to active service in the field in “national wars.”
A Comparison of the Various Methods of Grouping Whole-Life Assurances for Valuation
Authors: Fraser Duncan C. 
Published: June 2019

In making a valuation of the ordinary whole-life assurance contracts of a company according to the methods in general use at the present day, there are two separate sets of questions to be considered.In the first place, the basis of valuation has to be chosen; that is to say, we have to select the table of mortality and the rate of interest which are to be employed. The questions that arise in this connection are of great importance, and for their settlement we have the assistance of the powerful instrument devised by Mr. King—the Model Office and its Valuations by various Tables of Mortality and at various Rates of Interest.
The British Offices Life Tables, 1893. Memorandum on the Graduation of the Whole-Life Without-Profit Mortality Table—Male Lives
Authors: Hardy George Francis 
Published: June 2019

1. At the request of the Committee, I undertook to consider the graduation of the Whole-Life Without-Profit Experience, and I now have the pleasure to submit the result of my investigation.2. In the graduation of this experience, it has been borne in mind that the main practical purpose to which the table will be put will be the calculation of premiums, rather than the determination of reserves. It is most important, therefore, that the graduation should not under-estimate the mortality, and, consequently, the premiums.
On the method of Dr. Johannes Karup of valuing in groups endowment assurances, and Policies for the Whole of Life by Premiums limited in number
Authors: King George 
Published: June 2019

Tht method, according to Mr. Altenburger (J.I.A., xxxv, 332), was devised by Dr. Karup in 1878, and communicated by him to the Austrian Government in 1882, and to the Swiss Government in 1884; but, unless perhaps in Germany, of which I have no knowledge, it does not seem to have been published until comparatively recently, and no doubt it has been discovered independently by other actuaries. So far as I am aware, the first account of it in the English language is that given by the late Wm. D. Whiting, in 1894, in the Transactions of the Actuarial Society of America, vol. iii, p. 427. Mr. Whiting wrote at the suggestion of an unnamed member of the Council of the American Society, and he does not say to whom the authorship of the formula should be attributed. The first
reference in the Institute Journal is to be found in a letter of Mr. Julius Altenburger, in J.I.A., xxxiv, 152, and therefore the formula sometimes goes by his name, but he himself says that the name of Dr. Karup should be attached to it.In the present note, attention is directed mainly to Endowment Assurances, and Policies for the Whole of Life by Limited Payments; but the method is available for many other classes, and its very general applicability is elaborately worked out by Mr. Frederick Bell in his paper (J.I.A., xxxix, 17) read before the Institute, 19 December 1904. The principles of the method are therefore well known, but, in so far as they have yet been developed, there remains a certain amount of rigidity which it is the object of this note to remove. Elasticity may be introduced, which will render the formula more convenient under the presentday varying conditions of British companies.
On an Approximate Method of Valuation of Whole-Life Assurances, grouped according to attained ages with allowance for Selection on the basis of O[M] Mortality
Authors: Brown E. H. 
Published: June 2019

The presentation in November 1905, of three papers on “methods of valuation with allowance for selection” (J.I.A., vol. xl, pp. 1, 15, 42) might well be considered to have left room for no further word on the subject. Any attempt to produce a new method merely to achieve an equal degree of accuracy would undoubtedly be presumptuous, for Mr. King's method affords absolute accuracy, Mr. Diver follows with a microscopic error of £9 on a reserve of more than £3,000,000, and Mr. Ackland closes the series with a larger but still relatively insignificant error of £1,183 on a total reserve of upwards of £13,500,000. It is also shown that in both Messrs. Ackland's and Diver's methods, the error may be expected to be always less than ·01 per-cent.The practical application of all three methods involves, however, a departure from the familiar system of classifying whole-life assurances according to attained ages, with the loss of all the advantages attaching to that system. This will be viewed by many with regret, and was especially referred to by Mr. Lidstone and Mr. R. P. Hardy in the subsequent discussion. Their remarks, together with Mr. Ackland's cordial expression of goodwill to “other workers in this field” led me to consider the subject from the standpoint of a grouping according to attained ages without any sub-grouping according to duration.
American Railway Securities as Investments for Insurance Companies
Authors: Ansell Hubert 
Published: June 2019

In writing upon the subject of this paper, I met at the outset with a difficulty which, I am afraid, will tend to make the paper less interesting to some of you than I would like it to be. The difficulty I refer to is this—that a considerable proportion of such information as I have upon the subject, and that which occurs most readily to me, is what I may perhaps call “particular” information, that is information relating to particular investments; whereas the information which appears to me to be most suitable to give here is that of a more general character, relating, primarily, to the principles which should guide us in selecting investments.The first point to consider in connection with any railway the securities of which are under consideration for investment, is the value of the undertaking itself in relation to the amount of the issue of bonds or other security charged upon it. There are various ways of considering the value, the principal of which are:1. The cost of the undertaking.2. The probable cost of building another similar railway.3. The actual present value as evidenced by the revenue derived from it.As regards the first of these, it may be noted that this criterion of value is the least reliable of the three, but it is interesting not to overlook it, as it is in this respect that we find the greatest contrast between English and American railways. Whilst English, railways were built at very great expense, large sums being paid for land both in the country and in towns, and the actual work of construction being done upon the most expensive scale, American railways were, in early days, built very cheaply, the land being obtained without payment, and the railway construction being on an economical scale.
On the Principal Provisions of the Law of Bankruptcy in England, with References to Some Decisions of Interest to Life Insurance Companies
Authors: Carter N. J. 
Published: June 2019

It is with considerable diffidence that I submit this paper to the Institute seeing that there are many members who are far better qualified to deal with the subject.However, it was suggested that a paper of this character would be acceptable, and I have endeavoured to make it as complete as possible without transgressing reasonable limits of space.In the first place I have given a general account of the law of bankruptcy, following, in the main, the general arrangement of the subject adopted by Ringwood in “The Principles of Bankruptcy”, and I hope sufficiently full to make the paper useful to Students for Part IV of the examination syllabus. This has inevitably made it somewhat long and formal.
An investigation Into the Effects of Family and Personal History Upon the Rates of Mortality Experienced in Various Classes of Life Assurance Risks, with Special Reference to Tuberculosis
Authors: Rusher Edward A. , Kenchington Charles William 
Published: June 2019

An investigation into the effects of family and personal history upon assurance risks has long been desired by Actuaries, but hitherto in this country the material at their disposal has not been sufficient in volume to admit of analytical treatment. The only attempt the Institute as a body has made to deal with this subject is in the old Institute experience, which contains the records of 11,146 rated-up lives, in which all kinds of risks are combined without any attempt at classification.In the hope that this long-felt want might, to some extent, be met, an investigation was projected into the experience of a large number of lives assured in the Ordinary Branch of the Prudential Assurance Company whose family or personal history showed some marked peculiarity, by means of which they could be separated into more or less well-defined classes. The actual work of compiling the necessary data was commenced in 1903, and by the courteous permission and public-spirited action of the Directors we have now the pleasure of placing the main results of that investigation before the Institute. No claim is made in this Paper either to exhaustive analysis or to complete solution of the numerous and important problems that arise in practice, but it is thought that, at least, the results may form a useful aid to the Actuary in arriving at those conclusions which necessarily have to be formed—mainly from a priori reasoning—when risks come before him for adjudication.
Note on Leeches sent by Dr E. W. G. Masterman from Palestine
Authors: Harding W. A. 
Published: June 2019

These specimens were preserved in alcohol and contained in three bottles a, b and c.(a) contained 1 large and 47 small leeches “out of infested springs at Safed, Palestine.”(b) contained a leech “extracted from pharynx of an Arab of Jerusalem.”(c) contained a leech which had been removed, by means of laryngeal forceps, from the vocal cords of a young peasant in Jerusalem.
Questionnaire Sémantique de Québec (QueSQ). Développement, validation et normalisation
Authors: Monetta Laura , Légaré Annie , Macoir Joël , Wilson Maximiliano A. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe main objective of this study was to present the development, validation and normalization of the Quebec Semantic Questionnaire (QueSQ). The QueSQ is a 12-item questionnaire designed for the rapid screening of semantic disorders. Psycholinguistic parameters that can influence performance, such as the nature of semantic features and superordinate semantic categories, were taken into account during its development. Psychometric qualities of QueSQ were demonstrated during the validation process. QueSQ normative data were established on the basis of age and level of education, from a sample of 100 Franco-Quebecers aged 50 years and over.
Saint-Saëns's First String Quartet, Cyclic Form and the Aesthetics of Charm
Authors: Deruchie Andrew 
Published: June 2019

From the 1850s, Saint-Saëns regularly employed cyclic form: the practice of establishing large-scale relationships (especially in symphonies, chamber works, etc.) by reintroducing materials from earlier movements in later ones. Nonetheless, he became weary of such procedures following the Third Symphony (1886) for cultural-political reasons: Franck's most important cyclic works date from the 1880s, d'Indy declaredla forme cycliquea historically determined canon, and period writers considered cyclic form afranckistehallmark – all while Saint-Saëns's relationship with Franck's followers deteriorated.In this essay, I argue that Saint-Saëns's First String Quartet (1899) ‘misreads’ his rivals’ approaches to cyclic form as exemplified by d'Indy's Second Quartet of 1897 (in which a four-note cell suffuses most themes) and Franck's Quartet (in which themes from previous movements climactically accumulate in the final coda). Saint-Saëns's themes abound with miniscule motivic connections, which catch listeners’ ears but seem too fleeting and insubstantial to register as binding elements comparable to d'Indy's pellucid cell. Such relationships straddle the threshold of apprehensibility, and they produce a distinctive affective quality: where d'Indy fosters perceptions of genetic relationships, Saint-Saëns elicits a sensation of déjà entendu. The final coda similarly teases by reintroducing fragments from the slow introduction, encouraging anticipation of a Franck-like apotheosis. What follows is a mirage of one: timbres and textures of previous movements return, but incipient citations of themes dissolve. Where Franck delivers a full-blooded synthesis, Saint-Saëns follows through withtrompe l'oreille.Saint-Saëns's misreadings offranckistetechnique point to broader aesthetic conflicts. D'Indy enlisted cyclic form as a means to monumentality, which served the enseignement he esteemed as art's purpose. Déjà entendu andtrompe l'oreille, on the other hand, register as classicising attributes which diverge from d'Indy's didactic objectives and which Saint-Saëns grouped under the rubric of ‘charm’, a conduit to what he considered an ideologically neutral ‘aesthetic sense’.
ANOTHER LOOK AT THE SECOND INCOMPLETENESS THEOREM
Authors: VISSER ALBERT 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this article we study proofs of some general forms of the Second Incompleteness Theorem. These forms conform to the Feferman format, where the proof predicate is fixed and the representation of the set of axioms varies. We extend the Feferman framework in one important point: we allow the interpretation of number theory to vary.
Aperture coupled stacked patch thin film antenna for automotive radar at 77 GHz
Authors: Khan Osama , Meyer Johannes , Baur Klaus , Arafat Saeed , Waldschmidt Christian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA hybrid thin film multilayer antenna for automotive radar is presented in this work. A 2 × 8 aperture coupled stacked patch antenna array is realized on a single layer printed circuit board (PCB) using a novel thin film-based approach. Using a compact 180° phase difference power divider, inter-element spacing in a 2×2 sub-array is reduced. Measurement results show a 19% (67.9–82.5 GHz) impedance bandwidth and a wideband broadside radiation pattern, with a maximum gain of 15.4 dBi realized gain at 72 GHz. The presented antenna compares favorably with other multilayer PCB antennas in terms of performance, with the advantage of simpler manufacturing and robust design. The antenna can be employed in mid-range automotive radar applications.
Airscrews
Authors: Low Archibald K. 
Published: June 2019

The general name "airscrew" will be used throughout for the organ of propulsion of aircraft.When the airscrew is in front of the main lifting surfaces it is called a tractor, when behind them a propeller.When it turns clockwise, as seen by an observer standing in the blast (i.e., behind the aircraft) it is called right-handed and, when anti-clockwise, left-handed. Airscrews are thus classified as :— Propellers or Tractors. Right-handed or Left-handed.
Vertical Motion in Atmospheric Waves
Authors: Ley C.H. 
Published: June 2019

That vertical currents or components of air-motion having a velocity of several meters per second occasionally occur in the lowest tow kilometers of the atmosphere is an observed fact, but we are far as yet from compleate knowledge as to the conditions which produces such motionI suggest, however, that wave-motion proper, that is low-velocity, periodic oscillations of pressure or temperaturem whether transmitted from a distant source of disturbance, or occurring under the continuous interaction of two horizontal currents of air can be ruled from any list of hypothetical causes of important vertical motion.
Tensile Tests on Flexible Steel Cable and Cable Ends
Authors: Stewart James C. , Reeves L. 
Published: June 2019

The following table is the result of a series of tests carried out at East London College (University of London) on various methods of mounting flexible steel cables, in cable ends.The specimens were kindly supplied by Messrs. T. W. K. Clarke and Co.Cables Nos. 1 and 3 were fixed in the following manner. The ends were knotted and tinned, then inserted in sockets or cable ends, and solder run in.
The Longitudinal Stability of Aëroplane Gliders
Authors: Bryan G. H. , Williams W. E. 
Published: June 2019

During recent years, a considerable amour of work has been done in attempting to solv the problem of artificial flight, and in the mai this work has been very successful. One by on the difficulties which beset the problem have been overcome, and now apparently there : only one difficulty which stands between us an the solution of the problem—namely, the diffculty of balancing the machine. In the follow ing paper an attempt is made to further tb solution of this difficulty, by showing that it : capable of mathematical treatment.We have not attempted to deal exhaustivel with the question ; we have confined ourselve to the consideration of simple forms of glider and the chief object of the paper is to draw the attention of all interested in the problem artificial flight to the capabilities of this method.