bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Extracellular Zn2+ Concentration Surrounding Excited Neurons Is High Enough to Bind Amyloid‐β Revealed by a Nanowire Transistor
Authors: Anand Ankur , Chi Chih‐Hung , Banerjee Subhasree , Chou Ming‐Yi , Tseng Fan‐Gang , Pan Chien‐Yuan , Chen Yit‐Tsong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Zn2+ stored in the secretory vesicles of glutamatergic neurons is coreleased with glutamate upon stimulation, resulting in the elevation of extracellular Zn2+ concentration (). This elevation of regulates the neurotransmission and facilitates the fibrilization of amyloid‐β (Aβ). However, the exact surrounding neurons under (patho)physiological conditions is not clear and the connection between and the Aβ fibrilization remains obscure. Here, a silicon nanowire field‐effect transistor (SiNW‐FET) with the Zn2+‐sensitive fluorophore, FluoZin‐3 (FZ‐3), to quantify the in real time is modified. This FZ‐3/SiNW‐FET device has a dissociation constant of ≈12 × 10−9m against Zn2+. By placing a coverslip seeded with cultured embryonic cortical neurons atop an FZ‐3/SiNW‐FET, the elevated to ≈110 × 10−9m upon stimulation with α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA). Blockers against the AMPA receptor or exocytosis greatly suppress this elevation, indicating that the Zn2+ stored in the synaptic vesicles is the major source responsible for this elevation of . In addition, a SiNW‐FET modified with Aβ could bind Zn2+ with a dissociation constant of ≈633 × 10−9m and respond to the Zn2+ released from AMPA‐stimulated neurons. Therefore, the can reach a level high enough to bind Aβ and the Zn2+ homeostasis can be a therapeutic strategy to prevent neurodegeneration.
Direct Evidence of Lithium Ion Migration in Resistive Switching of Lithium Cobalt Oxide Nanobatteries
Authors: Nguyen Van Son , Mai Van Huy , Auban Senzier Pascale , Pasquier Claude , Wang Kang , Rozenberg Marcelo J. , Brun Nathalie , March Katia , Jomard François , Giapintzakis John , Mihailescu Cristian N. , Kyriakides Evripides , Nukala Pavan , Maroutian Thomas , Agnus Guillaume , Lecoeur Philippe , Matzen Silvia , Aubert Pascal , Franger Sylvain , Salot Raphaël , Albouy Pierre‐Antoine , Alamarguy David , Dkhil Brahim , Chrétien Pascal , Schneegans Olivier 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLithium cobalt oxide nanobatteries offer exciting prospects in the field of nonvolatile memories and neuromorphic circuits. However, the precise underlying resistive switching (RS) mechanism remains a matter of debate in two‐terminal cells. Herein, intriguing results, obtained by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) 3D imaging, clearly demonstrate that the RS mechanism corresponds to lithium migration toward the outside of the LixCoO2 layer. These observations are very well correlated with the observed insulator‐to‐metal transition of the oxide. Besides, smaller device area experimentally yields much faster switching kinetics, which is qualitatively well accounted for by a simple numerical simulation. Write/erase endurance is also highly improved with downscaling – much further than the present cycling life of usual lithium‐ion batteries. Hence very attractive possibilities can be envisaged for this class of materials in nanoelectronics.
Murder and the Law, 1752–1832
Authors: Tarlow Sarah , Battell Lowman Emma 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe legislative framework for the key period of our research is set by the period during which the Murder Act was in force. Its passage and provisions are considered here, as are the alternative ways of strengthening the death penalty which were not in the end written into law. The numbers affected by the Murder Act were nowhere very high, but there was considerable geographical and chronological variation in the frequency with which the provisions of the Act were enacted in full: broadly being more aggressively implemented in the London area and the east of the country than in the west and north. In the nineteenth century the popularity of hanging in chains in particular declined to almost nothing. The effects of the Murder Act are hard to assess. By the early 1830s the savagery of its provisions, and its failure to provide anything like the number of cadavers necessary for scientific work had made it sufficiently unpopular that it was repealed and replaced with legislations that arguably substituted poverty for criminality to meet the demands of anatomists.
Anatomisation and Dissection
Authors: Tarlow Sarah , Battell Lowman Emma 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe bodies of most of those executed under the Murder Act were sent for anatomical dissection by men of science. This blurred the line between scientific needs and judicial arrangements, and many medical men were unhappy about their co-option to the work of the executioner. This was especially so since short-drop hanging, the most commonly practised type of execution, often failed to kill criminals, so that their deaths often occurred on the dissection table rather than the scaffold. Procedures for the anatomisation and dissection of dead bodies varied geographically and took account of the multiple constituencies who wanted or needed access to them.
Folk Beliefs and Popular Tales
Authors: Tarlow Sarah , Battell Lowman Emma 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDespite their relatively small number, the bodies of executed criminals exercised an impressive hold over the imaginations of writers, artists and storytellers. This chapter considers the range of artistic and creative afterlives of criminal bodies. Some criminals and their ends were remembered in anonymous folk ballads or ghoulish stories; others featured in works of published literature or art. The theatre of execution that was so significant in the late medieval and early modern periods remains a popular subject of artistic reinterpretation, as a brief discussion of the film Braveheart confirms.
Conclusions: Ethics, Bullet Points and Other Ways of Telling
Authors: Tarlow Sarah , Battell Lowman Emma 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe bodies of the dead are often contentious sites for contemporary ethical decision making. A number of those ethical anxieties either have their roots in the deep past, or can usefully be examined in light of the history of how dead bodies have changed in meaning and value. The case of the soldiers ‘shot at dawn’ during the First World War for cowardice or desertion illuminates the way that both criminality and the meaning of a dead body can change after death. Finally this chapter draws out some of the main conclusions of the project, and reviews some of the possible interpretive frameworks within which the history of the criminal corpse during the period of the Murder Act might be understood.
Improved Prognosis and Low Failure Rate with Anticoagulation as First‐Line Therapy in Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Salim S. , Zarrouk M. , Elf J. , Gottsäter A. , Ekberg O. , Acosta S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundMonotherapy with anticoagulation has been considered as first‐line therapy in patients with mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT). The aim of this study was to evaluate outcome, prognostic factors, and failure rate of anticoagulation as monotherapy, and to identify when bowel resection was needed.MethodsRetrospective study of consecutive patients with MVT diagnosed between 2000 and 2015.ResultsThe overall incidence rate of MVT was 1.3/100,000 person‐years. Among 120 patients, seven died due to autopsy‐verified MVT without bowel resection and 15 underwent immediate bowel resection without prior anticoagulation therapy. The remaining 98 patients received anticoagulation monotherapy, whereof 83 (85%) were treated successfully. Fifteen patients failed on anticoagulation monotherapy, of whom seven underwent bowel resection and eight endovascular therapy. Endovascular therapy was followed by bowel resection in three patients. Two late bowel resections were performed due to intestinal stricture. The 30‐day mortality rate was 19.0% in the former (2000–2007) and 3.2% in the latter (2008–2015) part of the study period (p = 0.006). Age ≥75 years (OR 12.4, 95% CI [2.5–60.3]), management during the former as opposed to the latter time period (OR 8.4, 95% CI [1.3–54.7]), and renal insufficiency at admission (OR 8.0, 95% CI [1.2–51.6]) were independently associated with increased mortality in multivariable analysis.ConclusionsShort‐term prognosis in patients with MVT has improved. Contemporary data show that monotherapy with anticoagulation is an effective first choice in MVT patients.
Reduction by Pelvic External Fixator Followed by Innominate and Derotational Femoral Osteotomies for Late Presenting Bilateral Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Mikhail Teplenky , Waleed Mekki 
Published: May 2018

Introduction Bilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip is a challenging situation, closed and open reduction with or without pelvic and femoral osteotomies are all proposed. Methods We investigated the feasibility of closed ilizarov reduction combined with Salter and femoral osteotomy to provide stable concentric hips. Results We retrospectively reviewed 19 patients (38 hips). Tonnis Criteria, acetabular index and Center-edge angle were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Acetabular index changed significantly (P<0,001), 80% were excellent or good according to Mckay, 25% were Ia and 69% were IIa Severin's criteria with at least three years follow-up. Conclusion The midterm overall results are favorable for application of this technique.
Performance of the French version of the 4AT for screening the elderly for delirium in the emergency department
Authors: Gagné Anne-Julie , Voyer Philippe , Boucher Valérie , Nadeau Alexandra , Carmichael Pierre-Hugues , Pelletier Mathieu , Gouin Emilie , Berthelot Simon , Daoust Raoul , Wilchesky Machelle , Richard Hélène , Pelletier Isabelle , Ballard Stephanie , Laguë Antoine , Émond Marcel 
Published: May 2018

CLINICIAN’S CAPSULEWhat is known about the topic?Delirium is frequent in older inpatients but often goes undetected. A short tool, the 4 A’s Test (4AT), was created and validated for the detection of delirium.What did this study ask?This study compared the performance of the French version of the 4AT (4AT-F) with the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) for the screening of delirium.What did this study find?The 4AT-F was a fast and reliable screening tool for delirium in the emergency department (ED).Why does this study matter to clinicians?Because of its quick administration time, it allows for systematic screening of patients at risk of delirium and cognitive impairment.
Geomorphological and stratigraphic evidence along the northeastern U.S. margin for Laurentide glacial lake outburst floods during the MIS 2 deglaciation
Authors: Klotsko Shannon , Driscoll Neal 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBlock Island Sound (BIS), in southern New England, was occupied by a glacial meltwater lake (Lake BIS) during the MIS 2 deglaciation. New CHIRP seismic data, swath bathymetry, and legacy seismic profiles from BIS provide important insights and constraints on the morphologic evolution of a glaciated margin from the last glacial maximum to present. Interpretation of seismic data revealed four well-defined sediment units: acoustic basement, glaciolacustrine varved sediments, a lag deposit, and Holocene sediment. The morphology and architecture of the sedimentary units suggest that Lake BIS drained quickly, followed by the catastrophic drainage of glacial Lake Connecticut through BIS (Lake Connecticut occupied present-day Long Island Sound). The draining waters carved depressions ~100 m deep in the floor of BIS and the region between the lakes. The waters also carved Block Island Valley, which extends across the continental shelf. Continued existence of the depressions and valley suggests a rapid transgression over these water depths and limited sediment supply. Our results show the significant impact of glacial lake outburst floods, even during a sea level transgression, and may help explain morphology observed along other glaciated margins.
Quantifying the erosional impact of a continental-scale drainage capture in the Duero Basin, northwest Iberia
Authors: Antón Loreto , Muñoz-Martín Alfonso , De Vicente Gerardo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFormerly closed drainage basins provide exceptional settings for quantifying fluvial incision and landscape dissection at different time scales. Endorheic basins trap all the sediment eroded within the watershed, which allows estimates of post–basin opening erosion patterns. The Duero Basin was a former closed basin and is presently drained by the Duero River into the Atlantic Ocean. During the Cenozoic, the basin experienced a long endorheic period, marked by the formation of continental carbonates and evaporites. The retrogressive erosion of the Atlantic drainage coming from the Portuguese coast subsequently captured the internal drainage, and significant fluvial dissection occurred. Presently, the basin contains a relatively well-preserved sedimentary fill. Gridding and surface fitting in this paper provide the first attempt to reconstruct the surface of the top of the former endorheic sedimentary sequence to quantify the erosional impact of the basin opening. At least 2251±524 km3of sediment was removed from the formerly closed basin following the start of exorheism. This volume represents a mean basin-surface lowering of 65±13 m. Erosion estimates and landscape dissection patterns are consistent with geologic evidence of progressive establishment of an outward drainage system.
Soya proteinβ-conglycinin ameliorates fatty liver and obesity in diet-induced obese mice through the down-regulation of PPARγ
Authors: Li Dongyang , Ikaga Reina , Yamazaki Tomomi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDiets high in fat can result in obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The improvement of obesity and NAFLD is an important issue.β-Conglycinin, one of the soya proteins, is known to prevent hyperlipidaemia, obesity and NAFLD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects ofβ-conglycinin on the improvement of obesity and NAFLD in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and clarify the mechanism underlying these effects in liver and white adipose tissue (WAT). DIO male ddY mice were divided into six groups: HF, medium-fat (MF) and low-fat (LF) groups fed casein, and HF, MF and LF groups in all of which the casein was replaced byβ-conglycinin. A period of 5 weeks later, theβ-conglycinin-supplemented group resulted in lower body weight, relative weight of subcutaneous WAT, and hepatic TAG content (P=0·001). Furthermore,β-conglycinin suppressed the hepatic expression ofPparγ2in the HF dietary group, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and the target genes. The expressions of inflammation-related genes were significantly low in the epididymal and subcutaneous WAT from the mice fedβ-conglycinin compared with those fed casein in the HF dietary group. Moreover, the expressions ofPparγ1andPparγ2mRNA were suppressed in subcutaneous WAT in the HF dietary group but not in epididymal WAT. The concentrations of insulin and leptin were low in the serum of the mice fedβ-conglycinin. In conclusion,β-conglycinin effectively improved obesity and NAFLD in DIO mice, and it appears to be a promising dietary protein for the amelioration of NAFLD and obesity.
Milk and risk of colorectal, colon and rectal cancer in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) Cohort Study
Authors: Bakken Toril , Braaten Tonje , Olsen Anja , Hjartåker Anette , Lund Eiliv , Skeie Guri 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAccording to World Cancer Research Fund International/American Institute for Cancer Research, it is ‘probable’ that dairy products decrease the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, meta-analyses restricted to women have not shown associations between milk intake and risk of CRC. The aim of this study was to examine the association between milk intake and risk of CRC, colon cancer and rectal cancer among women. Data from 81 675 participants in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Cohort Study were included, and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to investigate milk intake using two different analytical approaches: one that included repeated measurements and one that included baseline measurements only (872 and 1084 CRC cases, respectively). A weak inverse association between milk intake and risk of colon cancer may be indicated both in repeated measurements analyses and in baseline data analyses. Hazard ratios (HR) for colon cancer of 0·80 (95 % CI 0·62, 1·03, Ptrend 0·07) and 0·81 (95 % CI 0·64, 1·01, Ptrend 0·03) and HR for rectal cancer of 0·97 (95 % CI 0·67, 1·42, Ptrend 0·92) and 0·71 (95 % CI 0·50, 1·01, Ptrend 0·03) were found when comparing the high with the no/seldom milk intake group in energy-adjusted multivariable models. Our study indicates that there may be a weak inverse association between milk intake and risk of colon cancer among women. The two analytical approaches yielded different results for rectal cancer and hence CRC. Our study indicates that the use of single or repeated measurements in analyses may influence the results.
The influence of juicing on the appearance of blueberry metabolites 2 h after consumption: a metabolite profiling approach
Authors: Langer Swen , Kennel Aileen , Lodge John K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe consumption of berries has been linked to decreased risk of degenerative disease. Berries are regularly processed into juices. It is largely unknown how the juicing process affects the bioavailability of metabolites. As metabolomics has shown to be a valuable nutritional tool to study global metabolite differences, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of juicing on the relative appearance of blueberry metabolites in humans using metabolomics. Nine healthy subjects consumed 250 g of fresh blueberries either as the whole fruit or after juicing, and provided blood and urine samples before and 2 h after intake in a cross-over design. Samples underwent metabolite profiling using LCMS, and data were mined with multivariate analysis. Overall, <12 % of all ions detected were significantly influenced by blueberry treatment (P<0·05). Partial least-squared discriminant analysis models of post-treatment samples revealed good discrimination. In urinary samples, whole blueberry treatment resulted in 108 ions that were significantly higher compared with juiced treatment (positive and negative mode combined), whereas only eight were significantly higher after juiced treatment. Examples of putative annotations included metabolites of ferulic and caffeic acids, several phenolic metabolites conjugated to sulphate, glycoside or glucuronide and fatty acyl derivatives, which were of higher intensity after whole blueberry treatment. In conclusion, consumption of whole blueberries resulted in a higher range of phenolic and other metabolites in plasma and urine samples 2 h after consumption. Both whole and juiced blueberries resulted in very similar metabolite profiles at 2 h, although this was the only time point measured.
ARE FARMERS SEARCHING FOR AN AFRICAN GREEN REVOLUTION? EXPLORING THE SOLUTION SPACE FOR AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION IN SOUTHERN MALI
Authors: OLLENBURGER MARY , CRANE TODD , DESCHEEMAEKER KATRIEN , GILLER KEN E. 
Published: May 2018

SUMMARYDevelopment actors, including the African Union, the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa and bilateral donors, promote a technology-driven sustainable intensification of agriculture as a way to feed a growing world population and reduce rural poverty. A broader view of smallholder agriculture in the context of rural livelihoods suggests that technological solutions alone are unlikely to meet these goals. Analysis of the solution space for agricultural interventions in a high potential area of southern Mali shows that intensification can lift most farm households out of extreme poverty and guarantee their food self-sufficiency. However, the most effective options do not fit the usual definition of sustainable intensification, increasing production per unit land while protecting the natural environment. Cropland expansion combined with the good yields seen in on-station experiments can nearly eliminate extreme poverty, while the biggest impact may come from taking advantage of peak seasonal prices for crops like groundnut. Other profitable alternatives can include meat production with small ruminants or sales of milk from cows. However, off-farm employment opportunities like gold mining outperform currently attainable agricultural options in terms of profitability. Options for rural households should fit within the households’ socio-ecological niches and respond to their priorities in order to be successful. Given the relatively low impact of (sustainable) intensification technologies alone, a rethinking of the role of agricultural research in development is needed in order to align interventions with farmer priorities and meet development goals.
Isolation, purification and identification of the active compound of turmeric and its potential application to control cucumber powdery mildew
Authors: Fu W. J. , Liu J. , Zhang M. , Li J. Q. , Hu J. F. , Xu L. R. , Dai G. H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCucumber powdery mildew is a destructive foliar disease caused by Podosphaera xanthii (formerly known as Sphaerotheca fuliginea) that substantially damages the yield and quality of crops. The control of this disease primarily involves the use of chemical pesticides that cause serious environmental problems. Currently, numerous studies have indicated that some plant extracts or products potentially have the ability to act as natural pesticides to control plant diseases. It has been reported that turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and its extract can be used in agriculture due to their insecticidal and fungicidal properties. However, the most effective fungicidal component of this plant is still unknown. In the current study, the crude extract of C. longa L. was found to have a fungicidal effect against P. xanthii. Afterwards, eight fractions (Fr.1–Fr.8) were gradually separated from the crude extract by column chromatography. Fraction 1 had the highest fungicidal effect against this pathogen among the eight fractions. The active compound, (+)-(S)-ar-turmerone, was separated from Fr 1 by semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography and identified based on its 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C NMR spectrum data. The EC50 value of (+)-(S)-ar-turmerone was found to be 28.7 µg/ml. The compound also proved to have a curative effect. This is the first study to report that the compound (+)-(S)-ar-turmerone has an effect on controlling this disease. These results provide a basis for developing a new phytochemical fungicide from C. longa L. extract.
Norms, not moral norms: The boundaries of morality do not matter
Authors: Davis Taylor , Kelly Daniel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe endorse Stanford's project, which calls attention to features of human psychology that exhibit a “puzzling combination of objective and subjective elements,” and that are central to cooperation. However, we disagree with his delineation of the explanatory target. What he calls “externalization or objectification” conflates two separate properties, neither of which can serve as the mark of the moral.
From objectivized morality to objective morality
Authors: Jebari Joseph , Huebner Bryce 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStanford holds that the externalization and objectivization of moral judgments are what sustain human cooperative lifeways. We reply that the central function of human moral psychology is to track and respond to the structural features of our social environment, and we argue that moral obligations are grounded in the relationship between individual agents and the stability of their social groups.