bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bottlenecks in the provision of antenatal care: rural settled and mobile pastoralist communities in Chad
Authors: Lechthaler Filippo , Abakar Mahamat Fayiz , Schelling Esther , Hattendorf Jan , Ouedraogo Boukari , Moto Daugla Doumagoum , Zinsstag Jakob 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo assess antenatal care (ANC) coverage and analyse constraining factors for service delivery to rural settled and mobile populations in two districts in Chad.MethodData from cross‐sectional household and health facility surveys in the two Chadian rural health districts were analysed. First, contact coverage of ANC services in the study area was estimated from household data as the proportion of women who visited health facilities to obtain ANC during their last pregnancy. Second, bottlenecks in the provision of this service were explored by calibrating a multiplicative model of ANC contact coverage to household and health facility data. The model allowed quantification of the magnitude by which coverage decreased as it progressed through the health system. Sensitivity analysis was applied to account for uncertainty around the estimated coverage factors.ResultsDirect estimates revealed that ANC contact coverage decreased as the number of required visits increased: 79% of rural settled mothers and 46% of mobile pastoralist mothers visited a health facility to obtain ANC at least once (ANC 1). Among mobile pastoralists, only 20% of pregnant women attended ANC at least three times compared to 63% of rural settled women. Availability, accessibility, affordability and acceptability contributed to reductions in service coverage in both populations. For mobile pastoralists, acceptability was clearly the most important factor. ANC 1 contact coverage resulting from the model is 50% for rural settled and 30% for mobile pastoralists.ConclusionAntenatal care coverage was low in rural districts of Chad, particularly for mobile pastoralists. Acceptability largely explained the prevailing difference between the two population groups.
Effect of coil orientation on motor‐evoked potentials in humans with tetraplegia
Authors: Jo Hang Jin , Di Lazzaro Vincenzo , Perez Monica A. 
Published: June 2018

Key points
Although corticospinal function changes following spinal cord injury (SCI), the extent to which we can activate the corticospinal tract after injury remains poorly understood.
To address this question, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation over the hand representation of the primary motor cortex to elicit motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs) using posterior–anterior and anterior–posterior induced currents in the brain and compared them with responses evoked using lateral–medial currents in participants with and without cervical incomplete SCI during small levels of index finger abduction.
We found prolonged MEP latencies in all coil orientations in SCI compared to control subjects. However, the latencies of MEPs elicited by posterior–anterior and anterior–posterior compared to lateral–medial stimulation were shorter in SCI compared to controls, particularly for MEPs elicited by anterior–posterior currents.
Our findings demonstrate for the first time that corticospinal responses elicited by different directions of the induced current in the brain are differentially affected after SCI.
AbstractThe corticospinal tract undergoes reorganization following spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the extent to which we can activate corticospinal neurons using non‐invasive stimulation after injury remains poorly understood. To address this question, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation over the hand representation of the primary motor cortex to elicit motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs) using posterior–anterior (PA) and anterior–posterior (AP) induced currents in the brain and compared them with the responses evoked by direct activation of corticospinal axons using lateral–medial (LM) currents. Testing was completed during small levels of index finger abduction in humans with and without (controls) cervical incomplete SCI. We found prolonged MEP latencies in individuals with SCI in all coil orientations compared to controls. However, latencies of MEPs elicited by PA and AP stimulation relative to those elicited by LM stimulation were shorter in SCI compared to control subjects. Notably, the largest difference between SCI and control subjects was present in MEPs elicited by AP currents. Using a novel controllable pulse parameter transcranial magnetic stimulation, we also found that MEPs elicited by AP currents with 30 μs compared to 60 and 120 μs pulse width had increased latency in controls but not in SCI subjects. Our findings demonstrate that differences between corticospinal responses elicited by AP and PA induced currents were not preserved in humans with tetraplegia and suggest that neural structures activated by AP currents change largely after the injury.
Draft Genome Sequence of Tuber borchii Vittad., a Whitish Edible Truffle
Authors: Murat Claude , Kuo Alan , Barry Kerrie W. , Clum Alicia , Dockter Rhyan B. , Fauchery Laure , Iotti Mirco , Kohler Annegret , LaButti Kurt , Lindquist Erika A. , Lipzen Anna , Morin Emmanuelle , Wang Mei , Grigoriev Igor V. , Zambonelli Alessandra , Martin Francis M. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

The ascomycete
Tuber borchii
(Pezizomycetes) is a whitish edible truffle that establishes ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with trees and shrubs. This fungus is ubiquitous in Europe and is also cultivated outside Europe. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
T. borchii
strain Tbo3840 (97.18 Mb in 969 scaffolds, with 12,346 predicted protein-coding genes).
High-Quality Draft Single-Cell Genome Sequence of the NS5 Marine Group from the Coastal Red Sea
Authors: Ngugi David K. , Stingl Ulrich 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
The uncultured NS5 marine group represents one of the most ubiquitous flavobacterial bacterioplankton associated with marine blooms in the pelagic ocean. Here, we present a single-cell genome sampled from coastal waters in the Red Sea that represents the first high-quality draft genome sequence within the NS5 lineage.
Characterization of the Microbiota of Oyster Larvae (Crassostrea virginica) and Tank Water from an Aquaculture System with High and Low Larval Survival Rates
Authors: Ramachandran Padmini , Reed Elizabeth , Commichaux Seth , Strain Errol , Depaola Angelo , Rikard Scott , Ottesen Andrea 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Aquaculture plays an increasingly important role in the growing demand for seafood. Hatchery production of oyster larvae is an integral component of oyster farming, providing single seed for off-bottom farming or larvae for setting on larger substrates for on-bottom farming. Larvae from certain tanks in an established aquaculture enterprise were dying from an unknown etiologic agent. A metagenomic approach was used to examine oyster larvae and water from larval tanks with high and low survival rates to evaluate the epidemiological efficacy of this approach.
Hypoxemic and hyperoxemic likelihood in pulse oximetry ranges: NICU observational study
Authors: Bachman Thomas E , Newth Christopher J L , Iyer Narayan P , Ross Patrick A , Khemani Robinder G 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveDescribe the likelihood of hypoxemia and hyperoxemia across ranges of oxygen saturation (SpO2), during mechanical ventilation with supplemental oxygenation.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingUniversity affiliated tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit.PatientsTwo groups of neonates based on postmenstrual age (PMA): <32 weeks (n=104) and >36 weeks (n=709).Main measuresHypoxemia was defined as a PaO2 <40 mm Hg, hyperoxemia as a PaO2 of >99 mm Hg and normoxemia as a PaO2 of 50–80 mm Hg. Twenty-five per cent was defined as marked likelihood of hypoxemia or hyperoxemia.ResultsFrom these infants, 18 034 SpO2–PaO2 pairs were evaluated of which 10% were preterm. The PMA (median and IQR) of the two groups were: 28 weeks (27–30) and 40 weeks (38–41). With SpO2 levels between 90% and 95%, the likelihoods of hypoxemia and hyperoxemia were low and balanced. With increasing levels of SpO2, the likelihood of hyperoxemia increased. It became marked in the preterm group when SpO2 was 99%–100% (95% CI 29% to 41%) and in the term group with SpO2 levels of 96%–98% (95% CI 29% to 32%). The likelihood of hypoxemia increased as SpO2 decreased. It became marked in both with SpO2 levels of 80%–85% (95% CI 20% to 31%, 24% to 28%, respectively).ConclusionsThe likelihood of a PaO2 <40 mm Hg is marked with SpO2 below 86%. The likelihood of a PaO2 >99 mm Hg is marked in term infants with SpO2 above 95% and above 98% in preterm infants. SpO2 levels between 90% and 95% are appropriate targets for term and preterm infants.
Fifth metatarsal stress fracture in elite male football players: an on-field analysis of plantar loading
Authors: Thomson Athol , Akenhead Richard , Whiteley Rodney , D'Hooghe Pieter , Van Alsenoy Ken , Bleakley Chris 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveEvaluate plantar loading during ‘on-field’ common football movements in players after fifth metatarsal (MT-5) stress fracture and compare with matched healthy players.MethodsFourteen elite male soccer players participated in the study conducted on a natural grass playing surface using firm ground football boots. Seven players who had suffered a primary stress fracture (MT-5 group) and seven matched healthy players (controls, CON) performed three common football movements while in-shoe plantar loading data were collected.ResultsLarge between-group differences exist for maximal vertical force normalised to bodyweight (Fmax) at the lateral toes (2-5) of the stance leg during a set-piece kick (MT-5: 0.2±0.06 bodyweight (BW), CON: 0.1±0.05 BW, effect size (ES) 1.4) and the curved run where the MT-5 group showed higher Fmaxwith very large effect size at the lateral forefoot of the injured (closest to curve) limb when running a curve to receive a pass (MT-5 injured−CON=0.01 BW, ES 1.5). Small between-group differences were evident during straight-line running. However, between-limb analysis of MT-5 group showed significant unloading of the lateral forefoot region of the involved foot.ConclusionsElite male football players who have returned to play after MT-5 stress fracture display significantly higher maximum plantar force at the lateral forefoot and lateral toes (2-5) compared with healthy matched control players during two football movements (kick and curved run) with the magnitude of these differences being very large. These findings may have important implications for manipulating regional load during rehabilitation or should a player report lateral forefoot prodromal symptoms.
Respectful care of human dignity: how is it perceived by patients and nurses?
Authors: Aydın Er Rahime , İncedere Aysel , Öztürk Selda 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveDignified care protects the patient’s rights and provides appropriate ethical care while improving the quality of nursing care. In this context, the opinions of nurses and patients who receive nursing care about dignified care are important. The aim of this study was to explore the opinions and experiences of Turkish patients and nurses about respectful care of human dignity.MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Turkey. Participants were inpatients at cardiology, neurology and neurosurgery clinics and nurses working in these clinics. The data for the study were collected from face-to-face interviews using questionnaires. The percentages of characteristics and preferences of the participants were calculated, and the results were analysed using statistical tests.ResultsA total of 150 patients and 78 nurses participated in the study. The patients stated that the protection of their rights was the most important factor for dignified nursing care. The nurses stated that being careful to not expose the patients’ body and being respectful of the patients’ privacy were important in dignified nursing care. The age of the patient, duration of the disease, number of hospitalisations and length of time the nurses had been working at the clinic caused significant changes in the factors considered important in dignified care.ConclusionsOur findings provide a perspective on dignified care in the Turkish healthcare setting. There were some differences between patients and nurses in the factors considered important for dignified care. The discussion with patients and nurses related to care and practices that protect or detract from human dignity can provide insights to ethics.
Increasing the SOFIA Secondary Mirror Mechanism’s Fast Steering Capability by Identification of a Structural Resonance and Its Subsequent Elimination Through Mass Re-Distribution
Authors: Lammen Yannick , Reinacher Andreas , Greiner Benjamin , Wagner Jörg , Krabbe Alfred 
Published: June 2018

The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) consists of a 2.7[Formula: see text]m infrared telescope integrated into a Boeing 747 SP. One of the most complex subsystems of the observatory is the secondary mirror assembly (SMA). This active steering mechanism is used for image stabilization and infrared chopping. Since its integration in 2002, the performance of the mechanism is limited by a structural resonance. Based on Finite Element (FE) simulations and experimental modal surveys, a ring shaped reaction mass was identified to be the causing element of this structural mode. Attenuating the resonance on the hardware level would result in a larger actuation bandwidth for faster chopping and image stabilization. Concentrating mass at the suspension points while keeping the inertia of the ring structure is expected to take strain energy out of the mode. An end-to-end simulation, including a FE model of the mechanism and a controller model was set up to predict the in-flight performance of this concept. A segmented ring made from tungsten and AlSiC (i.e. strong mass redistribution) mounted on the original suspension was selected for the design of a prototype. The prototype was manufactured and thoroughly tested on a full-scale mockup of the mechanism confirming the predicted performance. An actuation bandwidth improvement of 80% was achieved. The settling time for infrared chopping was reduced from 10 to 7[Formula: see text]ms providing about 3.3% higher efficiency for observations with 5[Formula: see text]Hz chopping.
Welcome Letter
Authors: Stumpf Simone , Nichols Jeffrey 
Published: June 2018

Welcome to this issue of the Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, which will focus on contributions from the research community Engineering Interactive Computing Systems (EICS). This diverse research community explores the methods, processes, techniques and tools that support specifying, designing, developing, deploying and verifying interactive systems. Building interactive systems is a multifaceted and challenging activity, involving a plethora of different actors and roles. This is particularly true in the domain of HCI, where we continuously push the edge of what is possible, where there is a crucial need for adequate processes, tools and methods to build reliable, useful and usable systems that help people cope with the ever-increasing complexity of work and life.
The contents of this issue on EICS is the sum of four separate rounds of submissions, evenly spaced from July 2017 through May 2018. In total, the rounds attracted a total of 81 submissions from Asia, Canada, Australia, Europe, Africa, and the United States. Promising submissions in a round that were not accepted were invited to resubmit to a subsequent round, and 6 of the papers appearing in this issue were accepted after at least one round of resubmission. In each round, papers were subject to a rigorous reviewing process where they were reviewed by two EICS senior editors, as well as external reviewers. At the conclusion of each round, a Virtual Committee meeting was held to discuss all of the papers and arrive at final decisions. Ultimately, 14 papers were accepted over all rounds.
This issue exists because of the dedicated volunteer effort of 20 senior editors who handled two to four papers each round, and 115 expert reviewers to ensure high quality and insightful reviews for all papers in all rounds. Reviewers and committee members were kept constant as much as possible for papers that were submitted to multiple rounds. Senior members of the editorial group also helped shepherd some papers, reflecting the deep commitment of this research community.
We are excited by the detailed and insightful work that resulted in this PACMHCI EICS issue and look forward to equally high quality submissions in subsequent submission cycles over the coming year. For those interested in this area, this group holds their next annual conference June 19-22, 2018 in Paris, France. That conference will provide many opportunities to share ideas with other researchers and practitioners from institutions around the world.
Task context determines whether common or separate inhibitory signals underlie the control of eye-hand movements
Authors: Jana Sumitash , Murthy Aditya 
Published: June 2018

Whereas inhibitory control of single effector movements has been widely studied, the control of coordinated eye-hand movements has received less attention. Nevertheless, previous studies have contradictorily suggested that either a common or separate signal/s is/are responsible for inhibition of coordinated eye-hand movements. In continuation of our previous study, we varied behavioral contexts and used a stochastic accumulation-to-threshold model, which predicts a scaling of the mean reaction time distribution with its variance, to study the inhibitory control of eye-hand movements. Participants performed eye-hand movements in different task conditions, and in each condition they had to redirect movements in a fraction of trials. Task contexts where the behavior could be best explained by a common initiation signal had similar error responses for eye and hand, despite having different mean reaction times, indicating a common inhibitory signal. In contrast, behavior that could be best explained by separate initiation signals had dissimilar error responses for eye and hand indicating separate inhibitory signals. These behavioral responses were further validated using electromyography and computational models having either a common or separate inhibitory control signal/s. Interestingly, in a particular context, whereas in majority trials a common initiation and inhibitory signal could explain the behavior, in a subset of trials separate initiation and inhibitory signals predicted the behavior better. This highlights the flexibility that exists in the brain and in effect reconciles the heterogeneous results reported by previous studies. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Prior studies have contradictorily suggested either a single or separate inhibitory signal/s underlying inhibition of coordinated eye-hand movements. With the use of different tasks, we observed that when eye-hand movements were initiated by a common signal, they were controlled by a common inhibitory signal. However, when the two effectors were initiated by separate signals, they were controlled by separate inhibitory signals. This highlights the flexible control of eye-hand movements and reconciles the heterogeneous results previously reported in the literature.
Anticonvulsant effect of dipropofol by enhancing native GABA currents in cortical neurons in mice
Authors: Zhang Jingliang , Chen Xiaoling , Kårbø Matti , Zhao Yi , An Long , Wang Rutao , Wang KeWei , Huang Zhuo 
Published: June 2018

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most common pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy disorder, remains a major unmet medical need. Propofol is used as a short-acting medication for general anesthesia and refractory status epilepticus with issues of decreased consciousness and memory loss. Dipropofol, a derivative of propofol, has been reported to exert antioxidative and antibacterial activities. Here we report that dipropofol exerted anticonvulsant activity in a mouse model of kainic acid-induced seizures. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings of brain slices from the medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) revealed that dipropofol hyperpolarized the resting membrane potential and reduced the number of action potential firings, resulting in suppression of cortical neuronal excitability. Furthermore, dipropofol activated native tonic GABAA currents of mEC layer II stellate neurons in a dose-dependent manner with an EC50 value of 9.3 ± 1.6 μM (mean ± SE). Taken together, our findings show that dipropofol activated GABAA currents and exerted anticonvulsant activities in mice, thus possessing developmental potential for new anticonvulsant therapy. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The anticonvulsant effect of dipropofol was shown in a mouse model of kainic acid-induced seizures. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings of brain slices showed suppression of cortical neuronal excitability by dipropofol. Dipropofol activated the native tonic GABAA currents in a dose-dependent manner.
Glutamate and GABA concentrations following mild traumatic brain injury: a pilot study
Authors: Yasen Alia L. , Smith Jolinda , Christie Anita D. 
Published: June 2018

Animal models of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) suggest that metabolic changes in the brain occur immediately after a mechanical injury to the head. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) can be used to determine relative concentrations of metabolites in vivo in the human brain. The purpose of this study was to determine concentrations of glutamate and GABA in the brain acutely after mTBI and throughout 2 mo of recovery. Concentrations of glutamate and GABA were obtained using 1H-MRS in nine individuals who had suffered an mTBI and nine control individuals in two brain regions of interest: the primary motor cortex (M1), and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and at three different time points postinjury: 72 h, 2 wk, and 2 mo postinjury. There were no differences between groups in concentrations of glutamate or GABA, or the ratio of glutamate to GABA, in M1. In the DLPFC, glutamate concentration was lower in the mTBI group compared with controls at 72 h postinjury (d = 1.02), and GABA concentration was lower in the mTBI group at 72 h and 2 wk postinjury (d = 0.81 and d = 1.21, respectively). The ratio of glutamate to GABA in the DLPFC was higher in the mTBI group at 2 wk postinjury (d = 1.63). These results suggest that changes in glutamate and GABA concentrations in the brain may be region-specific and may depend on the amount of time that has elapsed postinjury. NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine neurotransmitter concentrations in vivo at multiple time points throughout recovery from mild traumatic brain injury in humans.