bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of First Metatarsal Shortening on Forefoot Loading Pattern: A Finite Element Model Study
Authors: Xiang Geng , Jiaqi Shi , Wenming Chen , Ma Xin , Xu Wang , Chao Zhang , Li Chen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Backgrounds Shortening of the first metatarsal is common following hallux valgus correction procedure. However, it remains controversial whether post-operative complications such as transfer metatarsalgia can be simply attributed to excessive shortening of first metatarsal. This study investigated the relationship between first metatarsal shortening and forefoot loading pattern: The goal was to determine whether and to what extent the first metatarsal might be shortened effectively reducing the risks of complications.Methods A finite element model of the human foot simulating the push-off phase of the gait was established and validated by subject-specific plantar pressure data. Various levels of first metatarsal osteotomy were sequentially applied to the model, and model predictions in terms of pressure and force distributions under each foot rays are obtained.Results Results show that the plantar pressure of the first ray decreased with increasing shortening level; the pressure of the lateral rays continued to rise. However, when the shortening reaches 6 mm, the load ratio of the middle rays exceeds a critical threshold of 55%—this was considered risky. Under such circumstances, the loading ratio at the central rays could still be manipulated to normal if the distal end of the first metatarsal could be displaced in the dorsal-to-plantar direction by 3 mm.Conclusions During the first metatarsal osteotomy, a maximum of 6 mm of shortening length is considered to be within the safe range. Whenever a higher level of shortening is necessary, pushing down the distal metatarsal segment could be a compensatory procedure to maintain normal plantar force distributions.
Undiagnosed Hypertension and Associated Factors among Adult Dwellers in Hawela Tula Sub City, Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Wachamo Demelash , Markos Endrias , Geleta Dereje 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Introduction Hypertension is a common public health problem and often goes unnoticed and can lead to a stroke or heart attack. It contributes to the high burden of cardiovascular disease, premature mortality, reduced quality of life and high costs to the health care system, especially in low and middle-income countries. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and influencing factors with health-seeking behaviour.Method A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 390 randomly selected adults in Hawela Tulla Sub-city, Hawassa, southern Ethiopia from February to June, 2019. Data was collected by pre-tested questionnaires and physical measurements of weight, height and blood pressure were collected through standardized procedures adapted from WHO STEPS survey tools. Data entry and analyzed for descriptive and logistic regression models by SPSS v.23. The result declared as statistically significant at p < 0.05.Result The prevalence of the undiagnosed hypertension among the respondents was 12.3%. The male [AOR= 3.70, 95% CI:1.64-8.32] than female contributing. Family history of hypertension had [AOR 3.69, 95% CI: 1.31-10.34], being physical inactive [AOR 3.21, 95% CI: 1.50- 6.84], salty food consumer [AOR 3.67, 95% CI:1.26-10.64], BMI 25 Kg/m2 and above [AOR 3.06, 95% CI:1.41-6.65] and not seek health care for some early hypertensive symptoms without serious illness [AOR 4.58, 95% CI: 1.85-11.32] when compared to their counterparts, were found to be determinant factors for undiagnosed hypertension.Conclusions and Recommendation The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension found to be prevalent and calls for intervention. Health officials need to consider integrating the prevention and control of hypertension at the community level. The clinicians need to intervene on unhealthy lifestyles, by promoting healthy practices and health-seeking behavior to prevent undiagnosed hypertension.
Is Opium Use Associated with an Increased Risk of Lung Cancer? A Case-Control Study
Authors: Tahami Ahmad Naghibzadeh , Marzban Maryam , Feyzabadi Vahid Yazdi , Dabiri Shahryar , Mohseni Shokrollah , Rayeni Reza Abbasi , Fekri Mitra Samareh , Larizadeh Mohammad Hasan , karimpoor Behnaz , Khanjani Narges 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: In recent years, lung cancer (LC) incidence has increased in Iran. The use of opium and its derivatives (O&D) has increased as well. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the use of O&D and LC incidence.
Methods: In this case-control study conducted in Kerman, Iran; 140 patients with lung cancer and 284 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and place of residence were included. Data including O&D use, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and diet were collected using a structured questionnaire. The relation between the use of O&D and LC was evaluated using conditional logistic regression test.
Results: The use of opium was associated with an increased risk of LC (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 7.95, 95% CI: 3.78 -16.73). A significant dose-response relation between the use of opium and its derivatives was observed (low use AOR = 7.47, 95% CI: 2.33-23.98 and high use AOR = 11.57, 95% CI: 2.25-59.49). Also, there was a relation between starting to use O&D at lower ages and an increased risk of LC (AOR = 5.78, 95 % CI: 2.36 - 14.14).
Conclusion: The results of this study support that opium use could be considered as a strong risk factor for LC. Thus, it is highly suggested that tailored policies to be applied in order to reduce use of opium.
Outcomes of Patients with Initially Locally Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma who did not Benefit from Resection: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Garnier Jonathan , Ewald Jacques , Marchese Ugo , Gilabert Marine , Launay Simon , Moureau-Zabotto Laurence , Poizat Flora , Giovannini Marc , Delpero Jean-Robert , Turrini Olivier 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: There is no consensus about the optimal treatment for patients with unresectable non-metastatic locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (LAPA) after induction chemotherapy. Accordingly, the current study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients with LAPA who did not benefit from resection considering the treatment strategy.

Methods: Between 2010 and 2017, 234 patients underwent induction chemotherapy for non-metastatic LAPA that could not be treated with surgery. After oncologic restaging, continuous chemotherapy or chemoradiation (CRT) was decided for patients without metastatic disease. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine overall survival (OS), and the Wilcoxon test to compare survival curves. Multivariate analysis was performed using the stepwise logistic regression method.

Results: FOLFIRINOX was the most common induction regimen (168 patients, 72%), with a median of 6 chemotherapy cycles and resulted in higher OS, compared to gemcitabine (19 vs. 16 months, P =.03); however, no difference was observed after adjusting for age (≤75 years) and performance status score (0–1). At restaging, 187 patients (80%) had non-metastatic disease: CRT was administered to 126 patients (67%) while chemotherapy was continued in 61 (33%). Patients who received CRT had comparable characteristics to those who continued with chemotherapy, with similar OS; they also had longer recurrence-free survival (median 13.3 vs. 9.6 months, P <.01) and contrastingly, more frequently metastatic disease (hazard ratio=2.9, P <.01).

Conclusions: The median survival of patients who could not undergo surgery was 19 months. Hence, CRT should not be eliminated as a treatment option and may be useful as a part of optimized sequential chemotherapy to treat both local and metastatic disease.
Nomogram Model for Predicting Cause-Specific Mortality in Patients with Stage I Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Competing Risk Analysis
Authors: Li Jianjie , Zheng Qiwen , Zhao Xinghui , Zhao Jun , An Tongtong , Wu Meina , Wang Yuyan , Zhuo Minglei , Zhong Jia , Yang Xue , Jia Bo , Chen Hanxiao , Dong Zhi , Wang Jingjing , Zhai Xiaoyu , Chi Yujia , wang ziping 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The five-year cumulative incidence rate in patients diagnosed with stage I small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) who were instructed to undergo surgery was from 40% to 60%.The death competition influence the accuracy of the classical survival analyses.The aim of the study is to investigate the mortality of stage I small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients in the presence of competing risks according to a proportional hazards model, and to establish a competing risk nomogram to predict probabilities of both cause-specific death and death resulting from other causes. Methods: The study subjects were patients diagnosed with stage I SCLC according to ICD-O-3.First,the cumulative incidence functions (CIFs) of cause-specific death, as well as of death resulting from other causes, were calculated. Then, a proportional hazards model for the sub-distribution of competing risks and a monogram were constructed to evaluate the probability of mortality in stage I SCLC patients. Results: 1811 patients were included in this study. The five-year probabilities of death due to specific causes and other causes were 61.5% and 13.6%, respectively. Tumor size, extent of tumor, surgery, and radiotherapy were identified as the predictors of death resulting from specific causes in stage I SCLC. The results showed that surgery could effectively reduce the cancer-specific death, and the one-year cumulative incidence dropped from 34.5% to 11.2%.Like surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy improved the one-year survival rate. Conclusions: We constructed a predictive model for stage I SCLC using the data from the SEER database. The proportional sub-distribution models of competing risks revealed the predictors of death resulting from both specific causes and other causes. The competing risk nomogram that we built to predict the prognosis showed good reliability and could provide beneficial and individualized predictive information for stage I SCLC patients.
Plasmacytoma in patients with multiple myeloma: morphology and immunohistochemistry
Authors: Firsova Maiia , Mendeleeva Larisa , Valeri Savchenko , Kovrigina Alla , Solovev Maxim 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background. To study the histological structure and immunohistochemical (IHC) parameters of the plasmacytoma tumor substrate in patients with MM.
Methods. The study included 21 patients (10 men/11 women) aged 23 to 73 years old with a newly diagnosed MM complicated by plasmacytoma. Bone plasmacytoma was diagnosed in 14 patients, and extramedullary plasmacytoma was diagnosed in 7 patients. Plasmacytoma tissue specimens were examined using a LEICA DM4000B microscope. Anti-CD56, CD166, CXCR4, Ki-67, c-MYC antibody panels were used for the IHC study of plasmacytoma biopsy.
Results. When comparing the morphology of bone and extramedullary plasmacytoma, no significant differences were revealed, however, when the substrate of the extramedullary plasmacytoma was compared to the bone plasmacytoma substrate it was more often represented by tumor cells with immature morphology (57.1% vs. 28.6%). We founded a significant difference in the expression of CD166 in bone and extramedullary plasmacytoma. It was shown that the mean values ​​of the CD166 expression in bone plasmacytoma cells were significantly higher (p = 0.033) and amounted to 36.29 ± 7.61% versus 9.57 ± 8.46% in extramedullary plasmacytoma cells. We noticed that in the cells of the extramedullary plasmacytoma, there were higher values ​​in the Ki-67 index than observed in comparison to the cells of the bone plasmacytoma independent of the cells’morphology.
Conclusion. The mechanisms involved in the dissemination of tumor plasma cells are currently unexplored. Our study revealed significant differences in the IHC parameters of the tumor substrate from extramedullary and bone plasmacytoma. Thus, the expression of the CD166 in extramedullary plasmacytoma cells is almost 4 times lower than that in bone plasmacytoma cells, which may indicate the involvement of CD166 in the mechanisms of bone destruction. A high proliferative activity of extramedullary plasmacytoma cells was shown when compared to bone plasmacytoma cells.
Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer: potential biomarkers associated with tumor progression
Authors: Hosseinkhan Nazanin , Honardoost Maryam , Blighe Kevin , Moore C.B. Tara , Khamseh Mohammad Ebrahim 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Identification of stage-specific prognostic/predictive biomarkers could lead to the more efficient clinical management in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The main objective of this study was to characterize the stage-specific deregulations in gene and miRNA expression in PTC and also to identify potential prognostic biomarkers.Methods 495 RNASeq and 499 miRNASeq PTC samples (stage I-IV) as well as, respectively, 56 and 57 normal samples were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). DESeq2 was used to identify deregulation of genes and miRNAs between sequential stages of PTC. To identify the minority of patients who progress from stage I to higher stages, we additionally performed a clustering analysis focused on the stage I RNASeq data. Moreover a validation study was done on an independent PTC RNASeq study.Results Large amount of heterogeneity in gene expression patterns was observed in stage I PTC patients. LTF and PLA2R1 were identified as two promising biomarkers that exhibited down-regulation in a small subgroup of stage I (both in TCGA and in the validation data set) and in the majority of stage IV patients (in TCGA data set). hsa-miR-205, hsa-miR-509-2, hsa-miR-514-1 and hsa-miR-514-2 were also identified as up-regulated miRNAs in both PTC patients with stage I and stage III.Conclusion Common gene expression alterations in early and advanced stages of PTC, could be used for individualized risk stratification and personalized treatment approach.
Microbiome responses in a novel nematode defensive symbiosis
Authors: Dahan Dylan , Preston Gail M. , Sealey Jordan , King Kayla C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Bacteria adapted to live within animals can protect their hosts against harmful infections. Beyond antagonism with parasites, a ‘defensive’ bacterial symbiont could engage in additional interactions with other colonizing micro-organisms. A single bacterium might thus have cascading ecological impacts on the whole microbiome that are rarely investigated. Here, we assess the role of a symbiont as a driver of host-associated microbiota composition by using an experimentally-adapted bacterium with protective properties ( Enterococcus faecalis ) inside a nematode host model ( Caenorhabditis elegans ).Results An analysis of 16S rRNA data from C. elegans exposed to E. faecalis and subsequently reared in soil, reveal that E. faecalis presence and adaptation to host environment had minimal impact on microbiota diversity. In addition, the protective effects of E. faecalis against opportunistic Staphylococcus aureus pathogens were still maintained despite multi-species interactions within the microbiota.Conclusions Our results reveal the degree to which a novel, evolving symbiont can colonise and maintain its conferred phenotype (i.e., parasite-resistance) with minimal change to the host microbiome.
Level of self-care practice and associated factors among hypertensive patients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, south west Ethiopia
Authors: Abdulwahed anwar , Seid Anwar , Yimam Ebrahim 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Globally hypertension is a major public health problem and leading cause of mortality in developing countries. Self-care practice encourage hypertensive patients to have better quality of life by preventing complication and decrease health care expenditure. The aim of this study is to assess self-care practice and associated factors among hypertension patients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, south west Ethiopia.Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was employed on 322 adult hypertensive patients using simple random sampling procedure between March to May, 2016. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Adjusted odds ratio at 95% CI was considered to declare the independent effect of independents variables on the outcome.Result: In this study, the overall participants with the recommended level of self-care practice were found to be 44.7%. Being employed [AOR = 2.032, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: (1.162, 3.552), educational attainment (AOR = 3.730, 95% CI: (1.837, 7.576) and presence of comorbidity diseases (AOR = 0.502, 95% CI:0.2886, 0.8850) were factors significantly associated with self-care practice.Conclusion and recommendation: This study revealed levels of self-care practice were low among hypertensive patients. Occupation, educational status and comorbidity were factors significantly associated with self-care practice. Hypertensive patients with low socioeconomic status, no formal educational attainment and with co-morbidity needs special attention to improve their self-care practice.
A Computational Method for the Identification of Endolysins and Autolysins
Authors: Xu Lei , Liang Guangmin , Chen Baowen , Tan Xu , Xiang Huaikun , Liao Changrui 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Cell lytic enzyme is a kind of highly evolved protein, which can destroy
the cell structure and kill the bacteria. Compared with antibiotics, cell lytic enzyme will not cause
serious problem of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria. Thus, the study of cell wall lytic
enzymes aims at finding an efficient way for curing bacteria infectious. Compared with using
antibiotics, the problem of drug resistance becomes more serious. Therefore, it is a good choice for
curing bacterial infections by using cell lytic enzymes. Cell lytic enzyme includes endolysin and
autolysin and the difference between them is the purpose of the break of cell wall. The
identification of the type of cell lytic enzymes is meaningful for the study of cell wall enzymes.

Objective:
In this article, our motivation is to predict the type of cell lytic enzyme. Cell lytic
enzyme is helpful for killing bacteria, so it is meaningful for study the type of cell lytic enzyme.
However, it is time consuming to detect the type of cell lytic enzyme by experimental methods.
Thus, an efficient computational method for the type of cell lytic enzyme prediction is proposed in
our work.

Method:
We propose a computational method for the prediction of endolysin and autolysin. First,
a data set containing 27 endolysins and 41 autolysins is built. Then the protein is represented by
tripeptides composition. The features are selected with larger confidence degree. At last, the
classifier is trained by the labeled vectors based on support vector machine. The learned classifier is
used to predict the type of cell lytic enzyme.

Results:
Following the proposed method, the experimental results show that the overall accuracy
can attain 97.06%, when 44 features are selected. Compared with Ding's method, our method
improves the overall accuracy by nearly 4.5% ((97.06-92.9)/92.9%). The performance of our
proposed method is stable, when the selected feature number is from 40 to 70. The overall accuracy
of tripeptides optimal feature set is 94.12%, and the overall accuracy of Chou's amphiphilic
PseAAC method is 76.2%. The experimental results also demonstrate that the overall accuracy is
improved by nearly 18% when using the tripeptides optimal feature set.

Conclusion:
The paper proposed an efficient method for identifying endolysin and autolysin. In
this paper, support vector machine is used to predict the type of cell lytic enzyme. The experimental
results show that the overall accuracy of the proposed method is 94.12%, which is better than some
existing methods. In conclusion, the selected 44 features can improve the overall accuracy for
identification of the type of cell lytic enzyme. Support vector machine performs better than other
classifiers when using the selected feature set on the benchmark data set.
Influence of Ascorbic Acid on the Structure and Function of Alpha-2- macroglobulin: Investigations using Spectroscopic and Thermodynamic Techniques
Authors: Ali Syed Saqib , Zia Mohammad Khalid , Siddiqui Tooba , Ahsan Haseeb , Khan Fahim Halim 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Ascorbic acid is a classic dietary antioxidant which plays an important role
in the body of human beings. It is commonly found in various foods as well as taken as dietary
supplement.

Objective:
The plasma ascorbic acid concentration may range from low, as in chronic or acute
oxidative stress to high if delivered intravenously during cancer treatment. Sheep alpha-2-
macroglobulin (α2M), a human α2M homologue is a large tetrameric glycoprotein of 630 kDa with
antiproteinase activity, found in sheep’s blood.

Methods:
In the present study, the interaction of ascorbic acid with alpha-2-macroglobulin was
explored in the presence of visible light by utilizing various spectroscopic techniques and
isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC).

Results:
UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy suggests the formation of a complex between
ascorbic acid and α2M apparent by increased absorbance and decreased fluorescence. Secondary
structural changes in the α2M were investigated by CD and FT-IR spectroscopy. Our findings
suggest the induction of subtle conformational changes in α2M induced by ascorbic acid.
Thermodynamics signatures of ascorbic acid and α2M interaction indicate that the binding is an
enthalpy-driven process.

Conclusion:
It is possible that ascorbic acid binds and compromises antiproteinase activity of α2M
by inducing changes in the secondary structure of the protein.