bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twice-a-day training improves mitochondrial efficiency, but not mitochondrial biogenesis, compared with once-daily training
Authors: Ghiarone Thaysa , Andrade-Souza Victor A. , Learsi Sara K. , Tomazini Fabiano , Ataide-Silva Thays , Sansonio Andre , Fernandes Mariana P. , Saraiva Karina L. , Figueiredo Regina C.B.Q. , Tourneur Yves , Kuang Jujiao , Lima-Silva Adriano E. , Bishop David J. 
Published: June 2019

Exercise training performed with lowered muscle glycogen stores can amplify adaptations related to oxidative metabolism, but it is not known if this is affected by the “train-low” strategy used (i.e., once-daily versus twice-a-day training). Fifteen healthy men performed 3 wk of an endurance exercise (100-min) followed by a high-intensity interval exercise 2 (twice-a-day group, n = 8) or 14 h (once-daily group, n = 7) later; therefore, the second training session always started with low muscle glycogen in both groups. Mitochondrial efficiency (state 4 respiration) was improved only for the twice-a-day group (group × training interaction, P < 0.05). However, muscle citrate synthase activity, mitochondria, and lipid area in intermyofibrillar and subsarcolemmal regions, and PGC1α, PPARα, and electron transport chain relative protein abundance were not altered with training in either group ( P > 0.05). Markers of aerobic fitness (e.g., peak oxygen uptake) were increased, and plasma lactate, O2cost, and rating of perceived exertion during a 100-min exercise task were reduced in both groups, although the reduction in rating of perceived exertion was larger in the twice-a-day group (group × time × training interaction, P < 0.05). These findings suggest similar training adaptations with both training low approaches; however, improvements in mitochondrial efficiency and perceived effort seem to be more pronounced with twice-a-day training.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We assessed, for the first time, the differences between two “train-low” strategies (once-daily and twice-a-day) in terms of training-induced molecular, functional, and morphological adaptations. We found that both strategies had similar molecular and morphological adaptations; however, only the twice-a-day strategy increased mitochondrial efficiency and had a superior reduction in the rating of perceived exertion during a constant-load exercise compared with once-daily training. Our findings provide novel insights into skeletal muscle adaptations using the “train-low” strategy.
Effects of dynamic arm and leg exercise on muscle sympathetic nerve activity and vascular conductance in the inactive leg
Authors: Doherty Connor J. , King Trevor J. , Incognito Anthony V. , Lee Jordan B. , Shepherd Andrew D. , Cacoilo Joseph A. , Slysz Joshua T. , Burr Jamie F. , Millar Philip J. 
Published: June 2019

The influence of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) responses on local vascular conductance during exercise are not well established. Variations in exercise mode and active muscle mass can produce divergent MSNA responses. Therefore, we sought to examine the effects of small- versus large-muscle mass dynamic exercise on vascular conductance and MSNA responses in the inactive limb. Thirty-five participants completed two study visits in a randomized order. During visit 1, superficial femoral artery (SFA) blood flow (Doppler ultrasound) was assessed at rest and during steady-state rhythmic handgrip (RHG; 1:1 duty cycle, 40% maximal voluntary contraction), one-leg cycling (17 ± 3% peak power output), and concurrent exercise at the same intensities. During visit 2, MSNA (contralateral fibular nerve microneurography) was acquired successfully in 12/35 participants during the same exercise modes. SFA blood flow increased during RHG ( P < 0.0001) and concurrent exercise ( P = 0.03) but not cycling ( P = 0.91). SFA vascular conductance was unchanged during RHG ( P = 0.88) but reduced similarly during concurrent and cycling exercise (both P < 0.003). RHG increased MSNA burst frequency ( P = 0.04) without altering burst amplitude ( P = 0.69) or total MSNA ( P = 0.26). In contrast, cycling and concurrent exercise had no effects on MSNA burst frequency (both P ≥ 0.10) but increased burst amplitude (both P ≤ 0.001) and total MSNA (both P ≤ 0.007). Across all exercise modes, the changes in MSNA burst amplitude and SFA vascular conductance were correlated negatively ( r = −0.43, P = 0.02). In summary, the functional vascular consequences of alterations in sympathetic outflow to skeletal muscle are most closely associated with changes in MSNA burst amplitude, but not frequency, during low-intensity dynamic exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Low-intensity small- versus large-muscle mass exercise can elicit divergent effects on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). We examined the relationships between changes in MSNA (burst frequency and amplitude) and superficial femoral artery (SFA) vascular conductance during rhythmic handgrip, one-leg cycling, and concurrent exercise in the inactive leg. Only changes in MSNA burst amplitude were inversely associated with SFA vascular conductance responses. This result highlights the functional importance of measuring MSNA burst amplitude during exercise.
Decisões judiciais na saúde, um campo propício para a interferência de convicções pessoais de cada juiz: análise da jurisprudência de quatro tribunais de justiça
Authors: Zebulum José Carlos 
Published: June 2019

A partir da expansão do fenômeno da judicialização da saúde, os juízes vêm assumindo um importante papel na concretização do direito à saúde em nosso país. Nesse contexto, os magistrados de todas as instâncias do Poder Judiciário brasileiro passam a se defrontar com questões inusitadas inerentes à garantia efetiva do acesso aos serviços de saúde, o que suscitou, em alguns casos, diferentes posicionamentos e intensas discussões nos tribunais estaduais e federais brasileiros. Algumas questões de saúde pública levadas com frequência à apreciação dos juízes geram, de fato, intensas controvérsias, que não decorrem de uma simples oposição de interesses entre o poder público e o particular requerente, mas sim do fato de o magistrado, no momento de decidir, sofrer forte influência de seus próprios princípios morais, e nem sempre se sentir “confortável” em adotar a solução eventualmente apontada pela mera aplicação da lei. Trata-se de situações em que os juízes acabam decidindo mais em função de suas convicções pessoais, de sua sensibilidade, enquanto ser humano, à dor e ao sofrimento alheios, do que em função de seus conhecimentos técnico-jurídicos. O objetivo deste estudoé verificar como questões dessa natureza vêm sendo enfrentadas e decididas no âmbito de quatro tribunais estaduais de justiça do país.
Teorias da justiça e saúde pública
Authors: Michel Voltaire de Freitas , Deitos Marc Antoni 
Published: June 2019

Na primeira parte, este artigo procura identificar as principais soluções propostas pelas teorias da justiça contemporâneas para a distribuição de bens escassos. Na segunda parte do trabalho, busca-se aplicá-las a modelos ideais de sistemas de saúde pública. Em outras palavras, o trabalho investiga critérios de justiça distributiva no fornecimento de serviços de saúde (tratamentos ou medicamentos), por meio de prestações, pelo Estado, para qualquer indivíduo, independentemente de sua condição financeira ou da causa da doença (involuntária ou provocada). Esses dois elementos da delimitação não são absolutamente moralmente neutros, porém, para efeitos didáticos, estão isolados e são desconsiderados na discussão que se propõe. Conclui-se que, por detrás de opções fundamentais a respeito dos limites e da distribuição de serviços de saúde, encontra-se um critério de justiça perfeitamente identificável e, por vezes, inconciliável com outras opções. O problema do trabalho consiste na delimitação do que é o justo na prestação dos tratamentos a partir do ponto de vista de diferentes concepções de justiça. A metodologia empregada é descritiva do estado atual da discussão a respeito das teorias da justiça, seguida de uma aplicação dialética ao exame de modelos ideais de sistemas de saúde.
A regulação da formação graduada de profissionais de saúde na Argentina, Paraguai e Uruguai
Authors: Kölling Gabrielle , Steffens Isadora Da Silveira , Silva Jameson Vinícius Martins da 
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo é um dos resultados de um projeto de pesquisa que investiga a regulação das profissões de saúde no Mercosul. A formação em saúde é pauta de constantes discussões, especialmente no âmbito do Mercosul, pela falta de uniformidade tanto dentro do bloco regional como até mesmo dentro de cada Estado que o compõe. Nota-se que há um mosaico de legislações relativas à formação em saúde no âmbito dos países-membros, enquanto a discussão acerca da incorporação da Matriz Mínima encontra-se em diferentes estágios. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é mapear e analisar a formação graduada em saúde no Mercosul, especialmente a atual configuração jurídica, normativa e institucional de sua regulação, concentrando-se nos casos de Argentina, Paraguai e Uruguai. No que concerne à metodologia, o método de abordagem é o descritivo-analítico. As técnicas de pesquisa são a bibliográfica e a documental, além de resultados de pesquisa de campo. No que tange às considerações finais, observa-se que a integração da Matriz Mínima aos ordenamentos jurídicos dos países ora analisados ainda não foi concretizada. A excessiva autonomia das universidades e províncias na Argentina são um entrave à essa incorporação; no Uruguai, a centralização das funções na universidade pública e a baixa normatividade também dificultam uma homogeneização de regulação comum; por fim, no Paraguai, a regulação das questões de formação no nível da graduação é muito recente, portanto ainda há espaço para criação de regulações mais específicas.
Taxonomy, the Cinderella of science, hidden by its evolutionary stepsister
Authors: PADIAL JOSÉ M. , RIVA IGNACIO DE LA 
Published: June 2019

While taxonomy is being glorified during the Linnaean 300th anniversary (Anonymous 2007; Hopper 2007), we have observed a dangerous trend in phylogenetics: the placement of taxonomic discoveries in the appendices of science. Studies that aim to address biogeographical or evolutionary hypotheses using phylogenetic analyses have been confronted with the problem of how to proceed with the taxonomic discoveries that emerge during the analysis of the information (e. g. when discovering that a taxon that was thought to be monophyletic is instead paraphyletic). Authors of such studies may be forced by the editorial policy of high impact journals, either to ignore their own taxonomic results or to treat them marginally by including them in on-line appendices (e. g. Wiens et al. 2005; Heinicke et al. 2007). These cases are likely to be more and more common because of the increasing use of phylogenetics without classification purposes (Wheeler 2004; Franz 2005), together with the lack of complete taxonomic knowledge for most organisms (Dubois 2003a). This situation can lead to the production of “phantom taxonomies”: those that first appear in online appendices as downloadable documents, in which both the new taxonomy and the authors are difficult to track. This new term bears a strong resemblance to two other: "phantom nomina" as introduced by Vences et al. (1999) and "phantom references" (Dubois 1999). The term "phantom nomina" refers to new nomina “accidentally” published in amateur publications without proper descriptions and vouchers, while "phantom references" point to references that were quoted as "in press" or " in preparation" but were never published.
Self-Esteem and Coping Styles in Polish Youths with and Without Visual Impairments
Authors: Tołczyk Sylwia , Pisula Ewa 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare self-esteem and coping styles in youths with and without visual impairments (i.e., blindness or low vision) and to explore relationships between self-esteem and coping styles. Methods: The participants were students of secondary schools in Poland: 50 with visual impairments (23 females) and 50 typically sighted (21 females). Self-esteem and coping styles were measured with the following questionnaires: Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory, by O’Brien and Epstein, in Polish adaptation by Fecenec and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, by Endler and Parker, in Polish adaptation by Strelau, Jaworowska, Wrześniewski, and Szczepaniak. Results: There were no group differences in global self-esteem nor in the majority of self-esteem domains excepting moral self-approval, in which the group with visual impairments scored higher than did their sighted peers. Females with visual impairments reported lower self-esteem related to body appearance than control females and males with visual impairments. There were no group differences in coping styles. Moral self-approval and self-esteem in the domain of body functioning served as predictors of an avoidance coping style. Discussion: Self-esteem seems to be influenced by both gender and visual impairment. The absence of differences in global self-esteem between groups with and without visual disabilities may be a result of access to rehabilitation, professional support, and education in the group with visual impairment. Body appearance seems to be a particularly important aspect of self-esteem for females with visual impairments, who scored lower than the other groups. Implications for practitioners: The results show the need to provide specialized psychological support to females with visual impairments aimed at developing positive body image. Further studies on factors influencing self-esteem and coping styles among youths with visual impairments could enable practitioners to better understand how to support them in coping with everyday stress.
Home Telemedicine (CoYoT1 Clinic): A Novel Approach to Improve Psychosocial Outcomes in Young Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Bakhach Marwan , Reid Mark W. , Pyatak Elizabeth A. , Berget Cari , Cain Cindy , Thomas John “Fred” , Klingensmith Georgeanna J. , Raymond Jennifer K. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose To assess the impact of a home telemedicine clinic model (CoYoT1 Clinic) on psychosocial and behavioral outcomes designed for young adults (YAs) with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods YAs self-selected to participate in the CoYoT1 Clinic or serve as a usual care control. CoYoT1 Clinic visits consisted of an individual appointment with a provider and a group appointment with other YAs with T1D using home telemedicine. Psychosocial and behavioral functioning was assessed by 4 measures: Diabetes Distress Scale, Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Scale, Self-Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Adolescence Scale, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Results Forty-two patients participated in the CoYoT1 Clinic and 39 patients served as controls. CoYoT1 participants reported lower levels of distress ( P = .03), increased diabetes self-efficacy ( P = .01), and improved ability to communicate with others about diabetes ( P = .04) over the study period compared to controls. YA males in the control group reported increases in depressive symptoms ( P = .03) during the study period, but CoYoT1 participants showed no changes. Conclusion Group home telemedicine for YAs with T1D positively affects diabetes distress, self-efficacy, and diabetes-specific communication. These positive findings have the potential to also affect the YAs’ long-term diabetes outcomes. Further investigation of the model is needed.
How Much Should a Person Consume?
Authors: Guha Ramachandra 
Published: June 2019

Galbraith termed contemporary America as the ‘Affluent Society’ in which the single-minded pursuit of wealth led to the massive exploitation of resources and materials through the years. Contemporary India reflects the Western ethos while aggressively channelizing the natural resources of the countryside to meet the needs of the urban-industrial sector. From this biased resource-use arises the grave inequalities of consumption within the nation. This paper addresses the dynamics of consumption in the backdrop of the global socio-ecological movement with special reference to the Indian context. It captures the asymmetries in the patterns of consumption in an analytical framework. Based on the culture and styles of consumption, the Indian population can be divided into three classes: omnivores, ecosystem people and ecological refugees. Omnivores have the capability to draw upon the natural resources of the whole of India to maintain their lifestyles. Ecosystem people, rely on resources in their vicinity. Ecological refugees are those ecosystem people who have been displaced from their homes and live in slums. It is argued that the process of development in independent India is characterized by a basic asymmetry between the omnivores and the ecosystem people. While omnivores consume too much, ecosystem people may be consuming much too little. Some of the consequences of this process are: Concentration of decision making in the hands of omnivores. Use of state machinery for diverting natural resources for omnivore prosperity, e.g., through subsidies. Indifference of omnivores to environmental degradation caused by them and passing on their costs to society. Protests by the victims of development. Creation of ‘ecological refugees’ as a result of permanent displacement of ecosystem people. Three key ways to enhance the social power of ecological refugees and ecosystem people are: land reforms, literacy, and health care. These reforms would simultaneously force omnivores to internalize the costs of their profligate behaviour. A retreat of the rich from overconsumption is the necessary first step towards improving the lives of an increasing number of people. One solution for the inequality in fuel consumption comes from the Spanish economist, Juan Martinez-Alier, who suggests taxation of oil consumption in rich countries while subsidizing LPG or kerosene in poor countries. Thus, to allow the poor to ascend just one step up the hierarchies of resource consumption, what is required is a very moderate sacrifice by the rich. It echoes Gandhi's thoughts on environmental ethics: “World has enough for everybody's need, but not enough for everybody's greed.”
Measuring Retail Service Quality: An Empirical Assessment of the Instrument
Authors: Parikh Darshan 
Published: June 2019

Retailing in India is growing at the rate of about 18-20 per cent per annum. As part of its strategy to gradually open it up to foreign competition, the government is also in the process of increasing foreign direct investment in the retail sector. At the same time, the urban consumer is becoming more discerning and demanding as far as the lifestyle is concerned. Urban Indian household income and purchasing power are also on the rise. Under such circumstances, the success of organized retailing in India mainly depends on delivery of services through quality improvements. In service organizations, customer-perceived service quality is considered as one of the key determinants of business performance. So far, in the Indian context, there is a dearth of tested instruments which can measure customer-perceived service quality of a retail store. At the same time, instruments developed in other countries have not been tested for their applicability in the Indian retail industry. It is in this context that this paper reports on the application of Dabholkar, Thorpe and Rentz's (1996) retail service quality scale in measuring the gap between the customers' expectations and their perceptions about the service quality of retail stores in India. Statistical analyses were performed to test the dimensionality of service quality and to examine the reliability of the scale. Finally, the analysis of the gap scores was used to suggest relevant improvements in the retail store service quality. The results indicate the following: Although the instrument was found to be quite reliable, the gap scores did not merge into five dimensions of service quality as proposed by the scale developers; rather, the gap scores roughly merged into nine dimensions. The instrument and the five dimensions of service quality may need considerable restructuring. A few statements which showed considerable reliability problems should be restated or substituted by more relevant statements. The instrument may not be applicable to the retail sector in India without further restructuring. Further research is necessary to understand retail store service quality in India. The analysis of the gap scores indicates that the highest perceived service gap lies in the policies of the retail stores, particularly, parking facilities provided by them. Apart from this, all other statements also show a negative gap implying the need for considerable improvements in retail service quality. Therefore, as organized retailing develops in India, retail stores in India will have to improve the quality of their services significantly in order to compete successfully in the global marketplace.
Predictive Power of Financial Risk Factors: An Empirical Analysis of Default Companies
Authors: Jayadev M 
Published: June 2019

This paper provides empirical evidence on the significance of financial risk factors in predicting default companies. Traditionally, credit decision process is built on accounting ratios derived from financial statements of the borrower. Combining various ratios through application of multivariate statistical techniques and testing their predictive power has been popular in credit risk quantification. Altman's Z-score model is the most acceptable model in this category. In this paper, three forms of Z-score models are applied: The first equation is developed by surveying the internal credit rating models of the Indian banks and the ratios selected are: current ratio, debt-equity ratio, and operating margin. The second equation is similar to that of Altman's (1968) original equation with a slight modification: instead of debt-to-market value of equity, debt-to-book value of equity is considered. The other three ratios of the second equation are working capital to total assets, retained earnings to total assets, and earnings before interest and taxes to total assets. The third equation is called as Altman, Hartzell and Peck's ‘Emerging Market Score Model.’ Except the asset turnover ratio, all the ratios of the second equation are considered. In all the three equations, the coefficients are estimated by using the development sample of 112 companies. The dominant variables discriminating the default companies from non-default ones are: current ratio, debt-equity ratio, operating margin, working capital to total assets, earnings before interest and tax to total assets, net worth to debt, and asset-turnover ratio. The classification accuracy of the second and the third equations is 82 per cent while that of the first equation is only 57 per cent. It implies that the most widely used two ratios — current ratio and debt-equity ratio — are relatively poor in predicting the default companies. Similarly, the ROC accuracy ratio is the highest for Altman's equation whereas the variables considered in internal credit rating models of banks is having a relatively low accuracy ratio. To test the ability of the model in identifying the defaulting companies correctly, an unbiased diagnostic test of the model is conducted on two separate sets of defaulted firms. The results reveal the following : The Altman's model is capable of predicting default in most of the sample companies. The hold-out sample accuracy results show that the selected variables are capable of predicting default. The analysis shows that the financial risk factors being considered by banks in their internal rating models are not very effective in comparison to other two models in discriminating the firms into default and non-default categories. Banks can map the internal ratings with the Z-scores and scale this up to assign various credit ratings. By arriving at the coefficients on the basis of their own database, banks can develop Z-score calculators for various segments of borrowers.