bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Effects of Motivation Orientation on Ideational Flexibility: Key Role of Optimism
Authors: Li Yadan , Yang Yilong , Yang Junyi , Qi Senqing , Wang Xuewei , Han Keyang , Hu Weiping , Qiu Jiang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The present study investigated the relationships between motivation orientation (approach and avoidance motivations) and ideational flexibility and the potential effects of optimism on these associations in a large behavioral sample of 320 healthy young adults. As predicted, the approach motivation-ideational flexibility relationship and the avoidance motivation-ideational flexibility relationship were differentially affected by individual difference measures of dispositional optimism. More specifically, optimism significantly moderated the relationship between avoidance motivation and ideational flexibility, whereas it did not moderate the relationship between approach motivation and ideational flexibility. Detailed analysis revealed that avoidance motivation related positively to ideational flexibility, especially for people with low optimism. Furthermore, in an external validation analysis using data obtained from an independent sample of participants (replication cohort; n = 249), we showed that dispositional optimism can reliably affect the approach motivation-ideational flexibility relationship and the avoidance motivation-ideational flexibility relationship differentially. These findings help resolve the ongoing controversy surrounding the nature of the motivation orientation-creativity nexus and have potential implications for current practice and interventions.
Simultaneous Determination of Four Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Three Estrogen Steroid Hormones in Wastewater Samples by Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet and HPLC
Authors: Beldean-Galea Mihail Simion , Klein Romain , Coman Maria-Virginia 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and estrogen steroid hormones (estrogens) are pharmaceuticals intensively studied in environmental analysis due to their toxic effect on animal and human beings. Objective: Development of a simple, fast, and sensitive extraction method for the simultaneously analysis of four NSAIDs (ketoprofen, naproxen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac) and three estrogens (17ß-estradiol, 17α-ethynylestradiol, and estriol) from wastewater samples. Method: Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet followed by HPLC analysis with UV detection was developed. The influence of the main extraction parameters, e.g., the volume of extraction solvent and of disperser, the pH, and the ionic strength of sample were evaluated. Results: Good resolutions between the selected drugs were obtained using a reverse-phase column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile and water. This method provides good linearity (r &gt; 0.999) in a concentration range of 1–100 µg/mL, good intra- and inter-day precision (RSD &lt;7%) and low LOQs. The obtained enrichment factors were ranged between 162 and 180 for NSAIDs and between 118 and 185 for estrogens. The relative recoveries were situated &gt;80% for all analysed drugs, except estriol (59%) both in synthetic and real wastewater samples. Conclusions: The developed method has been successfully applied for the analysis of the selected drugs in wastewater samples collected from the influent of a wastewater treatment plant. Highlights: Four NSAIDs and three estrogens from wastewater samples were simultaneously extracted and analysed using only 10 mL of sample and 50 μL of extraction solvent.
Molecular function limits divergent protein evolution on planetary timescales
Authors: Konaté Mariam M , Plata Germán , Park Jimin , Usmanova Dinara R , Wang Harris , Vitkup Dennis 
Published: September 2019

Functional conservation is known to constrain protein evolution. Nevertheless, the long-term divergence patterns of proteins maintaining the same molecular function and the possible limits of this divergence have not been explored in detail. We investigate these fundamental questions by characterizing the divergence between ancient protein orthologs with conserved molecular function. Our results demonstrate that the decline of sequence and structural similarities between such orthologs significantly slows down after ~1–2 billion years of independent evolution. As a result, the sequence and structural similarities between ancient orthologs have not substantially decreased for the past billion years. The effective divergence limit (>25% sequence identity) is not primarily due to protein sites universally conserved in all linages. Instead, less than four amino acid types are accepted, on average, per site across orthologous protein sequences. Our analysis also reveals different divergence patterns for protein sites with experimentally determined small and large fitness effects of mutations.Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (<xref ref-type="decision-letter" rid="SA1">see decision letter</xref>).
13C values of glycolytic amino acids as indicators of carbohydrate utilization in carnivorous fish
Authors: Wang Yiming V. , Wan Alex H.L. , Krogdahl Åshild , Johnson Mark , Larsen Thomas 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundStable isotope analysis of single amino acids (AA) is usually applied in food web studies for tracing biosynthetic origins of AA carbon backbones and establishing trophic positions of consumers, but the method is also showing promise for characterizing quantity and quality of dietary lipids and carbohydrates.MethodsTo investigate whether changes in high- and low-digestible carbohydrates affectδ13C values of glycolytic AA, i.e., AA carbon backbones sourced from the glycolytic pathway, we compared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from a feeding experiment with and without dietary inclusion of the red macroalgaPalmaria palmata. The Control and experimental diets had similar relative proportions of macronutrients, but their ingredients differed; in the experimental treatment, 15%Palmariainclusion substituted proteins from fishmeal and carbohydrates from corn starch.ResultsWe found that13C values of the glycolytic AA were highly sensitive to substitution of corn starch withPalmaria. Theδ13C offsets of glycolytic AA between salmon and their diets were significantly greater in thePalmariainclusion than Control treatment. This greater offset can be attributed to the different utilization of high- vs. low-digestible carbohydrate sources, i.e., corn starch vs.Palmaria, in the two treatments, and metabolic routing of dietary lipids. In addition, similarδ13C values of essential AA between treatments indicate similar nutrient assimilation efficiency for all terrestrial (pea protein concentrate and wheat gluten meal) and marine (fishmeal and red alga) derived protein sources. These results show thatδ13CAAanalysis is a promising tool for improving our understanding of how carnivorous fish utilize macronutrient and route metabolic intermediates to tissue.
Soluble Signals and Remodeling in a Synthetic Gelatin‐Based Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche
Authors: Gilchrist Aidan E. , Lee Sunho , Hu Yuhang , Harley Brendan A. C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow within niches that provide microenvironmental signals in the form of biophysical cues, bound and diffusible biomolecules, and heterotypic cell–cell interactions that influence HSC fate decisions. This study seeks to inform the development of a synthetic culture platform that promotes ex vivo HSC expansion without exhaustion. A library of methacrylamide‐functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels is used to explore remodeling and crosstalk from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) on the expansion and quiescence of murine HSCs. The use of a degradable GelMA hydrogel enables MSC‐mediated remodeling, yielding dynamic shifts in the matrix environment over time. An initially low‐diffusivity hydrogel for co‐culture of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to MSCs facilitates maintenance of an early progenitor cell population over 7 days. Excitingly, this platform promotes retention of a quiescent HSC population compared to HSC monocultures. These studies reveal MSC‐density–dependent upregulation of MMP‐9 and changes in hydrogel mechanical properties (ΔE = 2.61 ± 0.72) suggesting MSC‐mediated matrix remodeling may contribute to a dynamic culture environment. Herein, a 3D hydrogel is reported for ex vivo HSC culture, in which HSC expansion and quiescence is sensitive to hydrogel properties, MSC co‐culture, and MSC‐mediated hydrogel remodeling.
Self‐Trapped Exciton to Dopant Energy Transfer in Rare Earth Doped Lead‐Free Double Perovskite
Authors: Li Shunran , Hu Qingsong , Luo Jiajun , Jin Tong , Liu Jing , Li Jinghui , Tan Zhifang , Han Yibo , Zheng Zhi , Zhai Tianyou , Song Haisheng , Gao Liang , Niu Guangda , Tang Jiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLow dimensional halide perovskites with self‐trapped excitons (STEs) emission have emerged as promising white light phosphors because of their ultrabroadband emission covering the entire visible spectrum from 400 to 800 nm. Such a broad emission from a single material can overcome emission color change and self‐absorption problems within multiple phosphors. However, the color rendering index (CRI) and correlated color temperature (CCT) as two essential parameters of white light quality can hardly be modulated in these perovskite materials. Here, rare earth ion Ho3+ is introduced into Cs2(Na,Ag)InCl6 for the first time, utilizing the hydrothermal method. Besides the strong warm white STEs emission, the as‐synthesized materials exhibit effective characteristic emission of Ho3+ in the visible region. Further, the mechanism of associated emission is explored and the existence of energy transfer from STEs to rare earth is first confirmed. A white light‐emitting diode (LED) prototype is also fabricated by employing the Ho3+ doped Cs2(Na,Ag)InCl6 as the color conversion material on a commercial 365 nm GaN LED chip, achieving an improved CRI from 70.3 to 75.4 compared to the pure Cs2(Na,Ag)InCl6. This result suggests a promising way to achieve high quality single phase all‐inorganic white phosphors and this mechanism has enormous potentials in other optoelectronic applications.
Highly Efficient Ultra‐Broadband Terahertz Modulation Using Bidirectional Switching of Liquid Crystals
Authors: Chen Xuequan , Li Kaidi , Zhang Rui , Gupta Swadesh Kumar , Srivastava Abhishek Kumar , Pickwell‐MacPherson Emma 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAccurately manipulating field strength and polarization state are essential in various terahertz applications. Such manipulations are based on the efficient modulation of the amplitude and phase of electromagnetic waves. However, there is a lack of such terahertz modulators with sufficient efficiency and bandwidth. Herein, the Brewster–critical angle is exploited for modulation by using a nematic liquid crystal. Unlike liquid crystal phase shifters that only give a narrowband phase delay via a one‐directional switch, the presented device modulates both the amplitude and phase across an ultra‐broadbandwidth via a bidirectional active switch. An average intensity modulation depth over 99.6% is achieved for 0.2–1.6 THz. Furthermore, highly accurate polarization conversion between linear and circular states is also realized for 0.4–1.8 THz, with the average degree of linear and circular polarizations as high as 0.994 and 0.998, respectively. The superior accuracy, bandwidth, and active control achieved provide great potential for multifunctional terahertz modulation.
Interface Effects on Epilayer Surface Density of States by Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory
Authors: Dascalu Matan , Levi Rachel , Cesura Federico , Diéguez Oswaldo , Goldfarb Ilan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSub‐nanometric Ni‐silicide films are self‐assembled by solid phase epitaxy of Ni on a vicinal Si(111) surface. The combination of in situ scanning tunneling microscopy and surface electron diffraction with ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy allows us to identify θ‐Ni2Si as the major constituent crystal phase at the overgrown surface. Then scanning tunneling spectroscopy is employed with ab initio electronic structure calculations, to identify the origins of the surface local density of states and use these as a fingerprint for in situ phase identification. The above approach enhances the chemical contrast capability of scanning tunneling microscopy, and offers a useful local probe with atomic resolution for in situ crystal phase identification of ultra‐thin surface structures.
Reliability and Validity of the Vicarious Trauma Organizational Readiness Guide (VT‐ORG)
Authors: Hallinan Sean , Shiyko Mariya P. , Volpe Robert , Molnar Beth E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Vicarious Trauma Organizational Readiness Guide (VT‐ORG) is an assessment of an organization's readiness to address vicarious trauma (VT), which is exposure to the traumatic experiences of people served. This study reports on the psychometric properties of the VT‐ORG. Employees of first responder agencies (e.g., law enforcement, fire, emergency services) and victim assistance agencies are at a high risk for vicarious traumatization, which can lead to PTSD, substance use, and suicidal ideation, among other negative impacts. Organizations that do not address VT may see such effects as employee turnover, reduced efficiency, and negative work environments. The VT‐ORG is an assessment tool designed to help organizations complete the first step of organizational change—conducting a needs assessment. Study participants were 3,018 employees across 13 first responder and victim assistance agencies who completed the 67‐item VT‐ORG and additional measures for evaluation of its validity and reliability. The VT‐ORG was found to have excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .98). A structural equation model demonstrated that the subscales of the VT‐ORG predicted criterion measures of turnover intention, compassion satisfaction, and organizational resilience, with an overall model fit of CFI = .99, RMSEA = .053. This study found the VT‐ORG to be a reliable and valid assessment of organizational responses to vicarious trauma.
I2‐Catalyzed Oxidative N−P Cross‐Coupling of Diarylphosphine Oxides and Sulfoximines
Authors: Tan Mingchao , Zheng Wenting , Yang Lu , Zhou Lihong , Zeng Qingle 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA new synthetic method for the synthesis of N‐phosphinyl sulfoximines that proceeds by an I2‐catalyzed oxidative N−P cross‐coupling reaction has been developed. N‐phosphinylated sulfoximines are synthesized from sulfoximines and diarylphosphine oxides using 10 mol% I2 as a catalyst, one equiv. H2O2 as a green oxidant and PEG400 as a greener solvent. Chirality of S‐methyl‐S‐phenylsulfoximine is retained in the coupling products (100% ee).
Primate microbial endocrinology: An uncharted frontier
Authors: Benavidez Kathryn M. , Iruri‐Tucker Alec , Steiniche Tessa , Wasserman Michael D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGut microbial communities communicate bidirectionally with the brain through endocrine, immune, and neural signaling, influencing the physiology and behavior of hosts. The emerging field of microbial endocrinology offers innovative perspectives and methods to analyze host‐microbe relationships with relevance to primate ecology, evolution, and conservation. Herein we briefly summarize key findings from microbial endocrinology and explore how applications of a similar framework could inform our understanding of primate stress and reproductive physiology and behavior. We conclude with three guiding hypotheses to further investigate endocrine signaling between gut microbes and the host: (a) host‐microbe communication systems promote microbe‐mediated stability, in which the microbes are using endocrine signaling from the host to maintain a functioning habitat for their own fitness, (b) host‐microbe communication systems promote host‐mediated stability, in which the host uses the endocrine system to monitor microbial communities and alter these communities to maintain stability, or (c) host‐microbe systems are simply the product of coincidental cross‐talk between the host and microbes due to similar molecules from shared ancestry. Utilizing theory and methodology for studying relationships between the microbiome, hormones, and behavior of wild primates is an uncharted frontier with many promising insights when applied to primatology.
Bifunctional Phosphine Ligand Enabled Gold‐Catalyzed Alkynamide Cycloisomerization: Access to Electron‐Rich 2‐Aminofurans and Their Diels–Alder Adducts
Authors: Li Xingguang , Ma Xu , Wang Zhixun , Liu Pei‐Nian , Zhang Liming 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBy using biphenyl‐2‐ylphosphines functionalized with a remote tertiary amino group as a ligand, readily available acetylenic amides are directly converted into 2‐aminofurans devoid of any electron‐withdrawing and hence deactivating/stabilizing substituents. These highly electron‐rich furans have rarely been prepared, let alone applied in synthesis, because of their high reactivities and low stabilities associated with the electron‐rich nature of the furan ring. In this work, these reactive furans smoothly undergo either in situ intermolecular Diels–Alder reactions to deliver highly functionalized/substituted aniline products or intramolecular ones to furnish carbazole‐4‐carboxylates in mostly good to excellent yields. This work offers general and expedient access to this class of little studies electron‐rich furans and should lead to exciting opportunities for their applications.
Hue‐ and Chromaticity‐Based Exploration of Surface Complexation‐Induced Tunable Emission from Non‐Luminescent Quantum Dots
Authors: Roy Shilaj , Pramanik Sabyasachi , Mandal Prasenjit , Manna Mihir , Bhandari Satyapriya 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHerein we report the use of a hue parameter of HSV (Hue, Saturation and Value) color space—in combination with chromaticity color coordinates—for exploring the complexation‐induced luminescence color changes, ranging from blue to green to yellow to white, from a non‐luminescent Fe‐doped ZnS quantum dot (QD). Importantly, the surface complexation reaction helped a presynthesized non‐luminescent Fe‐doped ZnS QD to glow with different luminescence colors (such as blue, cyan, green, greenish‐yellow, yellow) by virtue of the formation of various luminescent inorganic complexes (using different external organic ligands), while the simultaneous blue‐ and yellow‐emitting complex formation on the surface of non‐luminescent Fe‐doped ZnS QD led to the generation of white light emission, with a hue mean value of 85 and a chromaticity of (0.28,0.33). Furthermore, the surface complexation‐assisted incorporation of luminescence properties to a non‐luminescent QD not only overcomes their restricted luminescence‐based applications such as light‐emitting, biological and sensing applications but also bring newer avenues towards unravelling the surface chemistry between QDs and inorganic complexes and the advantage of having an inorganic complex with QD for their aforementioned useful applications.
Tailoring Coordination Polymers by Substituent Effect: A Bifunctional CoII‐Doped 1D‐Coordination Network with Electrochemical Water Oxidation and Nitroaromatics Sensing
Authors: Moi Rajib , Nath Karabi , Biradha Kumar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThree CdII coordination polymers (CPs) were synthesized with a tripodal ligand N,N‘,N‘ ‘‐tris(4‐pyridinylmethyl)‐1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxamide in combination with three different substituted isophthalic acids with general formulas {[Cd2(L)(NIP)2(H2O)2].4H2O}n, (CP‐1), {[Cd2(L)(AIP)2(H2O)2].4H2O}n, (CP‐2) and {[Cd(L)(BIP) (H2O)].4H2O}n, (CP‐3). The substituent groups on the co‐ligand had profound effect on the network topologies of the corresponding CPs as well as their properties. Out of the three, CP‐1 and 2 were found to form 3D networks whereas CP‐3 was a 1D linear chain with uncoordinated pyridyl sites. Due to its structural features CP‐3 was found to show interesting properties. The 1D CP containing uncoordinated pyridyl site exhibited an excellent ability for doping with CoII which in turn acts as an efficient water oxidation electrocatalyst with required overpotential of 380 mV for an anodic current density of 1 mA cm−2. The CP also exhibited luminescence‐based detection of nitroaromatics (LOD: 0.003 mm) without any significant interference in presence of other organic compounds.
Strategy for achieving standardized bone models
Authors: Hadida Mikhael , Marchat David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractReliably producing functional in vitro organ models, such as organ‐on‐chip systems, has the potential to considerably advance biology research, drug development time, and resource efficiency. However, despite the ongoing major progress in the field, three‐dimensional bone tissue models remain elusive. In this review, we specifically investigate the control of perfusion flow effects as the missing link between isolated culture systems and scientifically exploitable bone models and propose a roadmap toward this goal.
Rethinking enzyme kinetics: Designing and developing a biomolecular interactive tutorial (BIOMINT) learning tool for undergraduate students
Authors: Gu Jerry , Andreopoulos Stavroula , Jenkinson Jodie , Ng Derek P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEnzyme kinetics is the study of enzymatic catalytic rates in biochemical reactions. This topic is commonly taught to life science students in introductory biochemistry courses during their undergraduate education. Unlike most other biochemistry topics, which focus on visual structures of biomolecules and their processes, enzyme kinetics is explained primarily through abstract mathematical and two‐dimensional graphical plots. However, these abstract/symbolic representations often make it difficult for students to relate the kinetic parameters to the underlying molecular system that is being described. In this article, we present the design and development of a web‐based multimedia interactive learning tool, biomolecular interactive tutorials (BIOMINT) to help students better bridge the relationships between these abstract mathematical models and the molecular behaviors, interactions, and dynamics that produce kinetic phenomena. This learning tool can be accessed at https://bit.ly/biomint. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 48(1):74–79, 2020.
A guided‐inquiry investigation of bacterial membrane potential using flow cytometry for an undergraduate biochemistry laboratory course
Authors: White Rachel , Joyner P. Matthew 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFlow cytometry has become an important tool in the life sciences and medical fields, yet there are often few opportunities for undergraduate students to receive training with this type of instrumentation as part of life science curricula at many colleges and universities. We describe a straightforward laboratory exercise designed for a college‐level biochemistry course that uses flow cytometry to investigate changes in bacterial membrane potential and cell viability in response to various treatments. Anecdotally, we have noticed that many students often have difficulty understanding the concept of membrane potential and the essential role that it plays in cellular processes. Therefore, this exercise also provides a pedagogical tool for visualizing changes in cellular membrane potential as way to enhancing students' comprehension of this abstract concept. Students' understanding of flow cytometry and membrane potential was assessed using a preactivity and postactivity quiz; the results indicate that the students' understanding of these concepts significantly improved after they completed this laboratory exercise. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 48(1):61–66, 2020.