bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal placement of shear wall in multistorey buildings on sloping ground
Authors: Ghangare N. C. , Meshram S. S. , Wasalwar V. U. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
High-rise buildings most frequently use shear wall systems as one of their lateral load-resisting techniques. The great plane stiffness and strength of shear walls allow them to withstand significant horizontal loads and gravity stresses, making them particularly valuable in many structural engineering applications. The main objective of this research project is to identify the optimal position for shear walls in multistorey buildings with sloping terrain. A ten-story RCC building located in a zone IV seismically active location and slopes. An earthquake load is calculated using the comparable static technique with IS 1893 (PART–I):2016. The software utilized for these assessments was STAAD Pro V8i. An extensive investigation was carried out to examine several factors, including average displacement, period, story shear, story drift, reinforcement reduction, and G+10 story building on sloping terrain. Including shear walls has become indispensable in multistorey buildings to effectively withstand lateral forces. A comparison between the bare frame structure and the shear wall applied structure is shown.
Harnessing piezoelectric sensors for electricity generation from speed breaker
Authors: Girde A. A. , Farsole A. A. , Deshmukh H. P. , Umate M. P. , Rai N. A. , Lanjewar S. S. , Bhagat M. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The population of India is increasing drastically. In 2024, it has reached 140 crores, which leads to more energy consumption. The energy generated from conventional sources is limited and non-renewable. Also, due to urbanization, the energy demand is increased tremendously. So, there is a need to generate energy through renewable sources. One of the effective ways to generate renewable energy is by using piezoelectric cells. Piezoelectric cells are the cells that can generate electric charge through mechanical stress. The mechanical stress is generated on the roads, especially on the road breakers. This mechanical stress is created by vibrations of the vehicles on the speed breaker which will induce electrical energy. By installing piezoelectric cells beneath the speed breaker, the generated mechanical energy can be converted into electrical energy. The generated electricity can be utilized for street lighting, traffic signals, etc. It helps in generating clean and renewable energy from vehicular motion, leading to sustainable development.
Characterization of high-performance composite bricks fabricated from recycled HDPE/PS blends and brick powder
Authors: Moulai Arbi Youcef Seif Eddine , Bentahar Mohammed , Mahmoudi Noureddine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study explores the feasibility and benefits of utilizing plastic waste in the production of construction materials, specifically composite bricks. The escalating accumulation of plastic waste poses significant environmental challenges, which necessitates innovative approaches for recycling and re-utilization to mitigate pollution and reduce landfill use. Our research focuses on the synthesis of bricks by incorporating high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polystyrene (PS) with sand brick powder, utilizing a compatibilizer (SBS-g-MA) to enhance interfacial adhesion and mechanical integrity. The experimental methodology involved the preparation of composite materials through melt mixing, followed by molding to form brick specimens. These were analyzed for their mechanical properties, including tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation at break, as well as thermal properties such as degradation temperature and crystallization behavior. Results showed that the inclusion of sand brick powder significantly enhances the thermal stability of the composites, as evidenced by the higher degradation temperatures observed. Specifically, the degradation temperature increased from 300.59 °C in pure HDPE/PS blends to 420.39 °C in composites with 7% brick powder, suggesting the formation of a protective barrier against thermal decomposition. Moreover, mechanical testing revealed that composites with up to 7% brick powder exhibited improved tensile strength and Young’s modulus compared to pure polymer blends.
A new method to assess the performance of anti-scatter grids in x-ray projection imaging
Authors: Monnin P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose. This work proposes a new method to assess the performance of radiographic anti-scatter grids (ASGs) without the use of a narrow primary beam, which is difficult to achieve. Method. Three general purpose ASGs were evaluated, two marketed ASGs and a low frequency and high ratio prototype ASG with molybdenum lamellae. A range of high scatter x-ray beams were used in a standardized geometry, with energies ranging from 60 kV to 121 kV, for five beam sizes between 10 × 10 and 30 × 30 cm2. The scatter fraction (SF) of each beam was measured in the image plane with and without ASG using the lead beam stop method with an extrapolation function derived from the scatter point spread function (PSF). Results. The primary, scatter and total transmissions of the three ASGs measured for the different x-ray beams allowed the calculation of the grid factor, contrast improvement factor and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) as functions of the input SF. The results obtained for the three ASGs are consistent with those obtained with the standard narrow-beam method and data published in the literature, confirmed the prime importance of the ASG primary transmission and revealed important variations in ASG performance, especially as a function of the input SF and beam size. The break-even input SFs at which the imaging system efficiency was improved by the ASG ranged between 0.18 and 0.52 for the different ASGs and beam characteristics. Significance. The method is proposed as an alternative to current ASG characterization techniques.
Superdiffusive limits beyond the Marcus regime for deterministic fast-slow systems
Authors: Chevyrev Ilya , Korepanov Alexey , Melbourne Ian 
Published: November 2024

We consider deterministic fast-slow dynamical systems of the form
\[

x

k
+
1

(
n
)

=

x
k

(
n
)

+

n

−
1

A
(

x
k

(
n
)

)
+

n

−
1

/

α

B
(

x
k

(
n
)

)
v
(

y
k

)
,

y

k
+
1

=
T

y
k

,

x_{k+1}^{(n)} = x_k^{(n)} + n^{-1} A(x_k^{(n)}) + n^{-1/\alpha } B(x_k^{(n)}) v(y_k), \quad y_{k+1} = Ty_k,

\]
where

α
∈
(
1
,
2
)

\alpha \in (1,2)

and

x
k

(
n
)

∈

R

m

x_k^{(n)}\in \mathbb {R}^m

. Here,

T
T

is a slowly mixing nonuniformly hyperbolic dynamical system and the process

W
n

(
t
)
=

n

−
1

/

α

∑

k
=
1

[
n
t
]

v
(

y
k

)

W_n(t)=n^{-1/\alpha }\sum _{k=1}^{[nt]}v(y_k)

converges weakly to a

d
d

-dimensional

α
\alpha

-stable Lévy process

L
α

L_\alpha

.

We are interested in convergence of the

m
m

-dimensional process

X
n

(
t
)
=

x

[
n
t
]

(
n
)

X_n(t)= x_{[nt]}^{(n)}

to the solution of a stochastic differential equation (SDE)
\[

d
X
=
A
(
X
)

d
t
+
B
(
X
)

d

L
α

.

dX = A(X)\,dt + B(X)\, dL_\alpha .

\]
In the simplest cases considered in previous work, the limiting SDE has the Marcus interpretation. In particular, the SDE is Marcus if the noise coefficient

B
B

is exact or if the excursions for

W
n

W_n

converge to straight lines as

n
→
∞

n\to \infty

.

Outside these simplest situations, it turns out that typically the Marcus interpretation fails. We develop a general theory that does not rely on exactness or linearity of excursions. To achieve this, it is necessary to consider suitable spaces of “decorated” càdlàg paths and to interpret the limiting decorated SDE. In this way, we are able to cover more complicated examples such as billiards with flat cusps where the limiting SDE is typically non-Marcus for

m
≥
2

m\ge 2

.
Looking to the Past to Inform Future Simulations
Authors: Ostler Terry , Tan Kevin , Wu Chi-Fang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 reviews the history of simulations in social work at the University of Illinois Champaign–Urbana (UIUC). Viewed initially as a new modality of learning, master and bachelor of social work (MSW and BSW, respectively) students conducted realistic home visit assessments in a simulation house, followed by collaborative group discussions to reflect on their experiences and feelings. Doctoral (PhD) students increasingly came to take the lead in developing and implementing simulations in practice, policy, and research classes and conducted focus groups and surveys to assess student experiences. Over time, simulations became a way to deepen understanding and thought about social and racial justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion. The simulations contributed to class cohesion. Students and teachers alike became more alive to differences, experiences, and the pain of being human.
Financial and Fiscal Policies
Authors: Reddy Y V , Ray Partha , Chakraborty Pinaki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
What started as a sub-prime mortgage crisis in the US in 2007 snowballed into global recession soon after. It has turned itself into an economic crisis, if not a sociopolitical one. While the period covering 2014–19 was one of return to the growth trajectory, albeit of the new normal variety, there were various headwinds affecting growth—the US-China trade war, initial confusing signals of Brexit finally culminating in the UK’s exit from the European Union—to name a few. In 2020, the world witnessed the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic that culminated in a once-in-a-century type of human tragedy and a return to more aggressive fiscal and monetary stimuli. This book looks at the impact of the global crisis on fiscal positions and fiscal implications of the measures undertaken to deal with the situation. The authors explore cross-country experiences with special focus on the euro area economies and India. Analysing the issues relating to the interaction between monetary, fiscal, and financial policies, with emphasis on public debt management, sovereign debt restructuring, taxation, and regulation of the financial sector and sub-national finance, they present the emerging challenges. Recognizing the inter-linkages between monetary, financial, and fiscal policies against the backdrop of the global crisis, this book offers an understanding of possible institutional arrangements for the future.
The Crises and the Global Economy in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Reddy Y V , Ray Partha , Chakraborty Pinaki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a synoptic view of the economic developments of the tumultuous years since 2007 covering crises such as the global financial crisis, euro area crisis, and the pandemic. To begin with, the sub-period 2007–9 saw the emergence of the sub-prime crisis in the US residential mortgage market, leading to the global financial crisis, which finally culminated in the Great Recession of 2009 (when global GDP growth, as well as the growth of both advanced economies and emerging and developing economies (EMDEs), registered a contraction). Countries all across the world have undertaken simultaneously coordinated monetary and fiscal stimulus—more so the bigger countries in G20. Consequently, growth resurfaced during 2010 with a number of countries in developing Asia (led by China) emerging as growth poles. But this resurgence of growth was transitory, uneven, and fragile. And by the end of 2010, it was apparent that the euro area would be affected by a sovereign debt crisis. Admittedly, there are various dimensions of the euro area crisis transmitted through the cross-holding of sovereign debt of the affected countries (such as Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain; often referred to as GIIPS countries) by the banking sector of the core euro area economies (such as Germany, France, Belgium, or Austria) and erosion of confidence. Finally, apart from probing into the US-China Trade War and its ramifications, it looks into the economic implications of the pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war.
Sovereign Debt Restructuring
Authors: Reddy Y V , Ray Partha , Chakraborty Pinaki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A significant fallout of the global financial crisis is expansion of liquidity facilities for economies in distress, through bilateral currency swaps, multilateral arrangements between central banks, and through IMF. Based on available data and literature, this chapter argues that the prospects for establishing orderly sovereign debt-restructuring mechanisms are very limited. Efforts at enforcing good creditor conduct and good debtor conduct for debt restructuring are bound to fail as long as creditors and debtors are located in different jurisdictions and the governing law of dominant international financial centres favours creditors. Inevitably, these pose issues of fiscal solvency or sovereign debt sustainability and sovereign debt restructuring, all of which have features very distinct from individuals and corporate entities. The conduct of fiscal policy and its constituent part, management of public debt by national authorities in future, is likely to be influenced by developments with regards to liquidity facilities available and mechanisms for debt restructuring.
Sub-national Finance and Crisis
Authors: Reddy Y V , Ray Partha , Chakraborty Pinaki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A study of sub-national finance is made difficult by the fact that data is limited, and often either incomplete or outdated. Comparisons are also difficult due to the nature of data. This chapter notes the growing importance of sub-national finance and identifies the recent trends. This is followed by exploration of the effects of the global financial crisis and pandemic on sub-national finance. The policy responses to the impact of the crisis on sub-national finances are also mentioned. The emerging issues in this regard, along with a reference to recent experience, are also discussed in this chapter.
NivobotulinumtoxinA in the Treatment of Glabellar Lines With or Without Concurrent Treatment of Lateral Canthal Lines in Two Phase 3 Clinical Trials
Authors: Coleman William , Bertucci Vince , Humphrey Shannon , Kaufman-Janette Joely , Keaney Terrence , Pariser David , Solish Nowell , Wirta David , Weiss Robert A 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Botulinum neurotoxins in aesthetic medicine require reconstitution before administration, which may be inconvenient and present errors among injectors.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ready-to-use nivobotulinumtoxinA liquid formulation for the treatment of glabellar lines (GL) with or without treatment of lateral canthal lines (LCL).

Methods
Two multicenter, phase 3, double-blind, randomized trials enrolled participants with moderate-to-severe GL (Study 001) or moderate-to-severe GL + LCL (Study 005). Participants received double-blind nivobotulinumtoxinA (20 U) or placebo (Period 1) then ≤2 open-label nivobotulinumtoxinA GL treatments (Period 2) in Study 001 or double-blind nivobotulinumtoxinA 20 U (GL), nivobotulinumtoxinA 44 U (GL + LCL), or placebo (Period 1) then ≤2 double-blind injections of the same treatment (Period 2) in Study 005. The composite primary endpoint was the proportion of participants achieving a ≥2-grade improvement on a facial wrinkle scale at maximum frown on investigator and participant assessment; coprimary endpoints were investigator- and participant-assessed FWS “none or mild” ratings.

Results
At Day 30, significantly higher responder rates were observed for the composite primary endpoint with GL treatment alone (Study 001, 46.1%; Study 005, 45.1%) and GL + LCL (Study 005, 41.3%) vs placebo (0%; all P &lt; .001). Responder rates of “none or mild” by investigator and participant assessment, respectively, were significantly higher for GL treatment alone (Study 001, 77.2% and 65.0%; Study 005, 74.3% and 68.8%) and GL + LCL (Study 005, 74.0% and 61.2%) vs placebo (all P &lt; .001). Adverse events were similar between treatment groups and placebo.

Conclusions
Liquid nivobotulinumtoxinA was effective and well tolerated for treating moderate-to-severe GL alone or with LCL.

Level of Evidence: 1 (Therapeutic)
Gestational and early postnatal protein malnutrition disrupts neurodevelopment in rhesus macaques
Authors: Karpf Joshua A , Sullivan Elinor L , Roberts Victoria H J , Studholme Colin , Roberts Charles T , Kroenke Christopher D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Adequate nutrition during gestation is critical for fetal development, and deficits in protein are associated with neurological and behavioral impairments in offspring placing a significant burden on global health. Fetal and neonatal longitudinal magnetic resonance assessments of brain development spanning mid-gestation to 11 months of age were conducted in rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) (n = 22; 9 females) generated from an established nonhuman primate model of gestational protein reduction to ascertain the neurodevelopmental effects of reduced maternal protein intake. Structural abnormalities were identified in two reduced diet groups, in addition to age-dependent whole-brain volume deficits in the most severely reduced (50% vs. 33% reduction) protein cohort, primarily restricted to gray matter structures; i.e. cortical/subcortical gray matter and the cerebellum. Diffusion-weighted imaging revealed widespread postnatal reductions in white matter fractional anisotropy, concentrated in the corpus callosum for both reduced protein levels relative to control diet. Despite extensive neurodevelopmental alterations detectable by longitudinal imaging, early behavioral assessments conducted at 1 month revealed minor perturbations. These results highlight differential impacts of reduced maternal and infant protein intake on gray and white matter formation and organization, with potential implications for early motor development.
Efficacy and Safety of Switching to Daily Bictegravir Plus Lenacapavir From a Complex Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Regimen: A Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter Phase 2 Study (ARTISTRY-1)
Authors: Mounzer Karam , Slim Jihad , Ramgopal Moti , Hedgcock Malcolm , Bloch Mark , Santana Jorge , Mendes Ines , Guo Ying , Arora Priyanka , Montezuma-Rusca Jairo M , Sklar Peter , Baeten Jared M , Segal-Maurer Sorana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Complex antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens, such as those requiring multiple tablets, several doses per day, or both, can negatively affect quality of life and treatment adherence among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Methods
ARTISTRY-1 is a phase 2/3, operationally seamless, randomized, open-label, multicenter, active-controlled study (GS-US-621-6289; NCT05502341). Phase 2 of the study enrolled adults with plasma HIV-1 RNA &lt;50 copies/mL receiving a complex ART regimen for ≥6 months. Efficacy and safety outcomes were evaluated after a switch to bictegravir (BIC) (75-mg) + lenacapavir (LEN) (25- or 50-mg) regimens, compared with continuing on a complex ART regimen through 24 weeks.

Results
Overall, 128 participants were assigned randomly to begin BIC 75 mg + LEN 25 mg (n = 51) or BIC 75 mg + LEN 50 mg (n = 52) or continue on their complex ART regimen (n = 25). At week 24, HIV-1 RNA was ≥50 copies/mL in 0 of 51, 1 of 52 (1.9%), and 0 of 25 participants in the 3 groups, respectively. CD4 cell counts and percentages remained stable through week 24; the median change from baseline in CD4 cell count (interquartile range) was 18 (−39 to 70), −16 (−80 to 93), and 42 (−36 to 90) cells/µL, respectively. There were no study discontinuations due to a serious adverse event through week 24. Both BIC + LEN dosing regimens were well tolerated, with similar safety profiles observed between groups.

Conclusions
These data support the continued evaluation of the combination of BIC and LEN to optimize treatment in people with HIV and virologic suppression who are receiving complex ART regimens.
Multiple Displacement Amplification Facilitates SMRT Sequencing of Microscopic Animals and the Genome of the Gastrotrich Lepidodermella squamata (Dujardin 1841)
Authors: Roberts Nickellaus G , Gilmore Michael J , Struck Torsten H , Kocot Kevin M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Obtaining adequate DNA for long-read genome sequencing remains a roadblock to producing contiguous genomes from small-bodied organisms, hindering understanding of phylogenetic relationships and genome evolution. Multiple displacement amplification leverages Phi29 DNA polymerase to produce micrograms of DNA from picograms of input. However, multiple displacement amplification's inherent biases in amplification related to guanine and cytosine (GC) content, repeat content and chimera production are a problem for long-read genome assembly, which has been little investigated. We explored the utility of multiple displacement amplification for generating template DNA for High Fidelity (HiFi) sequencing directly from living cells of Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda) and Lepidodermella squamata (Gastrotricha) containing one order of magnitude less DNA than required for the PacBio Ultra-Low DNA Input Workflow. High Fidelity sequencing of libraries prepared from multiple displacement amplification products resulted in highly contiguous and complete genomes for both C. elegans (102 Mbp assembly; 336 contigs; N50 = 868 kbp; L50 = 39; BUSCO_nematoda_nucleotide: S:96.1%, D:2.8%) and L. squamata (122 Mbp assembly; 157 contigs; N50 = 3.9 Mbp; L50 = 13; BUSCO_metazoa_nucleotide: S:80.8%, D:2.8%). Coverage uniformity for reads from multiple displacement amplification DNA (Gini Index: 0.14, normalized mean across all 100 kbp blocks: 0.49) and reads from pooled nematode DNA (Gini Index: 0.16, normalized mean across all 100 kbp blocks: 0.49) proved similar. Using this approach, we sequenced the genome of the microscopic invertebrate L. squamata (Gastrotricha), the first of its phylum. Using the newly sequenced genome, we infer Gastrotricha's long-debated phylogenetic position as the sister taxon of Platyhelminthes and conduct a comparative analysis of the Hox cluster.