bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Look ahead mate selection schemes for multi-breed beef populations
Authors: Hayes B. , Shepherd R.K. , Newman S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLook ahead mate selection (LAMS) schemes have been proposed to improve longer-term genetic merit when both selection and crossbreeding are important. We investigate the performance of a LAMS scheme which includes both predicted progeny merit and predicted grandprogeny merit in a mate selection index (MSI). Simulation of a multi-breed beef population, with additive breeding values, direct and maternal breed effects and direct and maternal heterosis was used to compare response from the LAMS scheme to mate selection on progeny merit only (PROG), selection on estimated breeding value (EBV) followed by random mating (RAND) and a structured crossbreeding scheme (CROSS). An additional strategy, LAMS + CO, was similar to LAMS but included a negative weighting on the coancestry of selected animals in the MSI to reduce inbreeding. LAMS gave up to 3% greater response in generation eight than PROG, 4·5% greater response than RAND, and 15% greater response than CROSS. Results from LAMS + CO were very similar to LAMS but inbreeding was 11% less from LAMS + CO at generation eight. The advantage of LAMS and LAMS + CO over PROG in later generations was hypothesized to be the result of positive assortative mating and greater use of maternal effects. Evidence to support the hypothesis of assortative mating was a positive significant correlation of EBVs of mates (sires and dams) in LAMS and LAMS + CO but not in PROG. Strategies PROG, LAMS and LAMS + CO all created closed populations of animals with optimum composite breed proportions.
Injection of neonatal piglets with dexamethasone stimulates leptin mRNA expression and reduces the stress response in market weight pigs
Authors: Meadus W.J. , MacInnis R. , Aalhus J.L. , Cook N.J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNeonatal piglets were given three daily injections of dexamethasone at 1 mg/kg body weight to examine if their stress response and carcass fat distribution at a 120-kg market weight could be altered. The daily acute injections tended to increase the amount of muscle and adrenal leptin mRNA expression (P < 0·1) for 1 and 3 days after the end of the treatment but had no effect on the amount of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA. The treated animals had a 19% lower adult stress response to transport than the controls as measured by salivary cortisol levels. There was no significant change in the treated animals’ carcass and meat quality traits at market weight. However, a trend towards more marbling fat and carcass backfat were seen in the dexamethasone treated pigs at market weight.
On the crossing of intermediate unstable steady state solutions for thermal ignition in a sphere
Authors: Weber R. O. , Wake G. C. , Sidhu H. S. , Mercer G. N. , Gray B. F. , Derrick W. , Balakrishnan E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSteady state solutions for spontaneous thermal ignition in a unit sphere are considered. The multiplicity of unstable, intermediate, steady state, temperature profiles is calculated and shown for selected parameter values. The crossing of the temperature profiles corresponding to the unstable, intermediate, steady states is exhibited in a particular case and is proven in general using elementary ideas from analysis. Estimates of the location of crossing points are given.
Initiation of combustion waves in solids, and the effects of geometry
Authors: Brindley J. , Griffiths J. F. , McIntosh A. C. , Zhang J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn a recent paper Weber et al. [9] examined the propagation of combustion waves in a semi-infinite gaseous or solid medium. Whereas their main concern was the behaviour of waves once they had been initiated, we concentrate here on the initiation of such waves in a solid medium and have not examined in detail the steadiness or otherwise of the waves subsequent to their formation. The investigation includes calculations for finite systems. The results for a slab, cylinder and sphere are compared.Critical conditions for initiation of ignition by a power source are established. For a slab the energy input is spread uniformly over one boundary surface. In the case of cylindrical or spherical symmetry it originates from a cylindrical core or from a small, central sphere, respectively. The size of source and reactant body is important in the last two cases. With the exception of the initial temperature distribution, the equations investigated are similar in form to those of Weber et al. [5,9] and, as a prelude to the present study, with very simple adaptation, it has been possible to reproduce the results of the earlier work. We then go on to report the result of calculations for the initiation of ignition under different geometries with various initial and boundary conditions.
Numerical solution of an optimal control problem with variable time points in the objective function
Authors: Teo K. L. , Liu Y. , Lee W. R. , Jennings L. S. , Wang S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the numerical solution of a class of optimal control problems involving variable time points in their cost functions. The control enhancing transform is first used to convert the optimal control problem with variable time points into an equivalent optimal control problem with fixed multiple characteristic time (MCT). Using the control parametrization technique, the time horizon is partitioned into several subintervals. Let the partition points also be taken as decision variables. The control functions are approximated by piecewise constant or piecewise linear functions in accordance with these variable partition points. We thus obtain a finite dimensional optimization problem. The control parametrization enhancing control transform (CPET) is again used to convert approximate optimal control problems with variable partition points into equivalent standard optimal control problems with MCT, where the control functions are piecewise constant or piecewise linear functions with pre-fixed partition points. The transformed problems are essentially optimal parameter selection problems with MCT. The gradient formulae for the objective function as well as the constraint functions with respect to relevant decision variables are obtained. Numerical examples are solved using the proposed method.
Fourth order nonlinear evolution equations for gravity-capillary waves in the presence of a thin thermocline in deep water
Authors: Debsarma Suma , Das K.P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFor a three-dimensional gravity capillary wave packet in the presence of a thin thermocline in deep water two coupled nonlinear evolution equations correct to fourth order in wave steepness are obtained. Reducing these two equations to a single equation for oblique plane wave perturbation, the stability of a uniform gravity-capillary wave train is investigated. The stability and instability regions are identified. Expressions for the maximum growth rate of instability and the wavenumber at marginal stability are obtained. The results are shown graphically.
Denumerable state continuous time Markov decision processes with unbounded cost and transition rates under average criterion
Authors: Guo Xianping , Zhu Weiping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we consider denumerable state continuous time Markov decision processes with (possibly unbounded) transition and cost rates under average criterion. We present a set of conditions and prove the existence of both average cost optimal stationary policies and a solution of the average optimality equation under the conditions. The results in this paper are applied to an admission control queue model and controlled birth and death processes.
Certain theorems on bilinear and bilateral generating functions
Authors: Srivastava H. M. , Yeh Yeong-Nan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt is observed (among other things) that a theorem on bilinear and bilateral generating functions, which was given recently in the predecessor of this Journal, does not hold true as stated and proved earlier. Several possible remedies and generalizations, which indeed are relevant to the present investigation of various other results on bilinear and bilateral generating functions, are also considered.
Nonlinear evolution of singular disturbances to a tanh3y mixing layer
Authors: Saujani S. , Drozd J. , Mallier R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe consider the nonlinear evolution of a disturbance to a mixing layer, with the base profile given by u0(y) = tanh3y rather than the more usual tanh y, so that the first two derivatives of u0 vanish at y = 0. This flow admits three neutral modes, each of which is singular at the critical layer. Using a non-equilibrium nonlinear critical layer analysis, equations governing the evolution of the disturbance are derived and discussed. We find that the disturbance cannot exist on a linear basis, but that nonlinear effects inside the critical layer do permit the disturbance to exist. We also present results of a direct numerical simulation of this flow and briefly discuss the connection between the theory and the simulation.
Comprehensive evaluation of electron radiation dose using beryllium oxide dosimeters at breast radiotherapy
Authors: Şahin Serdar , Şahiner Eren , Göksel Fatih , Meriç Niyazi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroduction:In this study, the differences between calculated and measured dose values were then analysed to assess the performance, in terms of accuracy, of the tested treatment planning system (TPS) algorithms applied to calculate electron beam dose targeted and non-targeted the breast region.Materials and methods:The beryllium oxide (BeO) dosimeters placed on the female RANDO phantom were irradiated 12 MeV electron energy with medical linear accelerator and repeatedly read in the Risø thermoluminescence (TL)/optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) system via OSL method at least three times.Results:For electron treatment, one made quantitative comparisons of the dose distributions calculated by TPSs with those from the measurements by OSL at various points in the RANDO phantom.The mean dose measured from the dosimeters placed on the female RANDO phantom target left breast region was 160 cGy and non-target right breast region was 1·2 cGy. Analysis of Generalised Gaussian Pencil Beam (GGPB) and Electron Monte Carlo (eMC) algorithms for determined region mean point dose values, respectively, 174 and 164 cGy. Two algorithms for non-targeted region calculated same point dose values of 0·2 cGy.Conclusions:The results of this study showed that BeO dosimeters can be used with OSL method in radiotherapy applications and it is a very important tool for the determination of targeted/non-targeted absorbed dose.
Impacts of Observational Constraints Related to Sea Level on Estimates of Climate Sensitivity
Authors: Vega‐Westhoff Ben , Sriver Ryan L. , Hartin Corinne A. , Wong Tony E. , Keller Klaus 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReduced complexity climate models are useful tools for quantifying decision‐relevant uncertainties, given their flexibility, computational efficiency, and suitability for large‐ensemble frameworks necessary for statistical estimation using resampling techniques (e.g., Markov chain Monte Carlo). Here we document a new version of the simple, open‐source, global climate model Hector, coupled with a 1‐D diffusive heat and energy balance model (Diffusion Ocean Energy balance CLIMate model) and a sea level change module (Building blocks for Relevant Ice and Climate Knowledge) that also represents contributions from thermal expansion, glaciers and ice caps, and polar ice sheets. We apply a Bayesian calibration approach to quantify model uncertainties surrounding 39 model parameters with prescribed radiative forcing, using observational information from global surface temperature, thermal expansion, and other contributors to sea level change. We find the addition of thermal expansion as an observational constraint sharpens inference for the upper tail of posterior equilibrium climate sensitivity estimates (the 97.5 percentile is tightened from 7.1 to 6.6 K), while other contributors to sea level change play a lesser role. The thermal expansion constraint also has implications for probabilistic projections of global surface temperature (the 97.5 percentile for RCP8.5 2100 temperature decreases 0.3 K). Due to the model's parameterization of thermal expansion as an uncertain function of global ocean heat, we note a trade‐off between two ways of incorporating thermal expansion information: Ocean heat data provide a somewhat sharper equilibrium climate sensitivity estimate while thermal expansion data allow for constrained sea level projections.
Base Level and Lithologic Control of Drainage Reorganization in the Sierra de las Planchadas, NW Argentina
Authors: Seagren E. G. , Schoenbohm L. M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPlanform drainage reorganization in catchments is a common response to changes in boundary conditions. Rivers reorganize through two predominant mechanisms: discrete stream capture events and progressive divide migration. Using general geomorphic observations, flow azimuth analysis, χ anomalies, local headwater relief, and the normalized steepness index (ksn), we examine drainage reorganization, its potential controls, and the response timescales for drainages in the Sierra de las Planchadas, NW Argentina. We additionally expand on the comparison of trunk and tributary ksn values as a potential tool for recognizing drainage reorganization. We identify three significant patterns of reorganization: (1) the migration of the main drainage divide (MDD) toward the hinterland, (2) capture of longitudinal drainages by transverse reaches, and (3) shrinking foreland catchments that will result in changes to basin outlet spacing. We determine that the migration of the MDD is due to local base level differences between the major range‐bounding basins, while more local patterns, such as the capture of longitudinal drainages, are the result of the distribution of erosionally resistant lithologies. We additionally assess the response timescales required for topologic changes to the drainage network, such as divide migration; we conclude that, as suggested by modeling studies, they are longer than the timescale required for channel profile adjustment.
Appearance of vanD-positive Enterococcus faecium in a tertiary hospital in the Netherlands: prevalence of vanC and vanD in hospitalized patients
Authors: Flipse Jacky , von Wintersdorff Christian J. H. , van Niekerk Julius M. , Jamin Casper , van Tiel Frank H. , Hasman Henrik , van Alphen Lieke B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) can rapidly spread through hospitals. Therefore, our hospital employs a screening program whereby rectal swabs are screened for the presence of vanA and vanB, and only PCR-positive broths are cultured on VRE selection agar. Early November 2016, a clinical vanA-/vanB-negative VRE isolate was detected in a vanA/vanB-screening-negative patient, giving the possibility that an undetected VRE might be spreading within our hospital. Whole-genome-sequencing of the isolate showed that resistance was vanD-mediated and core genome multilocus sequence typing showed it was a rare type: ST17/CT154. To determine the prevalence of vanA/B/C/D-carrying enterococci, we designed a real-time PCR for vanC1/2/3 and vanD and screened rectal swabs from 360 patients. vanD was found in 27.8% of the patients, yet culture demonstrated only E. faecium from vanA-positive broths and E. gallinarum from vanC1-positive broths. No vanD-positive VRE were found, limiting the possibility of nosocomial spread of this VRE. Moreover, the high prevalence of non-VRE vanD in rectal swabs makes it unfeasible to include the vanD PCR in our VRE screening. However, having validated the vanC1/2/3 and vanD PCRs allows us to rapidly check future vanA/B-negative VRE for the presence of vanC and vanD genes.
Signature maps for automatic identification of prostate cancer from colorimetric analysis of H&E- and IHC-stained histopathological specimens
Authors: Leng Ethan , Henriksen Jonathan C. , Rizzardi Anthony E. , Jin Jin , Nam Jung Who , Brassuer Benjamin M. , Johnson Andrew D. , Reder Nicholas P. , Koopmeiners Joseph S. , Schmechel Stephen C. , Metzger Gregory J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is a major cause of cancer death among men. The histopathological examination of post-surgical prostate specimens and manual annotation of PCa not only allow for detailed assessment of disease characteristics and extent, but also supply the ground truth for developing of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems for PCa detection before definitive treatment. As manual cancer annotation is tedious and subjective, there have been a number of publications describing methods for automating the procedure via the analysis of digitized whole-slide images (WSIs). However, these studies have focused only on the analysis of WSIs stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), even though there is additional information that could be obtained from immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. In this work, we propose a framework for automating the annotation of PCa that is based on automated colorimetric analysis of both H&E and IHC WSIs stained with a triple-antibody cocktail against high-molecular weight cytokeratin (HMWCK), p63, and α-methylacyl CoA racemase (AMACR). The analysis outputs were then used to train a regression model to estimate the distribution of cancerous epithelium within slides. The approach yielded an AUC of 0.951, sensitivity of 87.1%, and specificity of 90.7% as compared to slide-level annotations, and generalized well to cancers of all grades.
MT1-MMP-dependent cell migration: proteolytic and non-proteolytic mechanisms
Authors: Gifford Valentina , Itoh Yoshifumi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is a type I transmembrane proteinase that belongs to the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. It is a potent modifier of cellular microenvironment and promotes cell migration and invasion of a wide variety of cell types both in physiological and pathological conditions. It promotes cell migration by degrading extracellular matrix on the cell surface and creates a migration path, by modifying cell adhesion property by shedding cell adhesion molecules to increase cell motility, and by altering cellular metabolism. Thus, MT1-MMP is a multifunctional cell motility enhancer. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of the proteolytic and non-proteolytic mechanism of MT1-MMP-dependent cell migration.
How to rescue misfolded SERT, DAT and NET: targeting conformational intermediates with atypical inhibitors and partial releasers
Authors: Bhat Shreyas , Newman Amy Hauck , Freissmuth Michael 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Point mutations in the coding sequence for solute carrier 6 (SLC6) family members result in clinically relevant disorders, which are often accounted for by a loss-of-function phenotype. In many instances, the mutated transporter is not delivered to the cell surface because it is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The underlying defect is improper folding of the transporter and is the case for many of the known dopamine transporter mutants. The monoamine transporters, i.e. the transporters for norepinephrine (NET/SLC6A2), dopamine (DAT/SLC6A3) and serotonin (SERT/SLC6A4), have a rich pharmacology; hence, their folding-deficient mutants lend themselves to explore the concept of pharmacological chaperoning. Pharmacochaperones are small molecules, which bind to folding intermediates with exquisite specificity and scaffold them to a folded state, which is exported from the ER and delivered to the cell surface. Pharmacochaperoning of mutant monoamine transporters, however, is not straightforward: ionic conditions within the ER are not conducive to binding of most typical monoamine transporter ligands. A collection of compounds exists, which are classified as atypical ligands because they trap monoamine transporters in unique conformational states. The atypical binding mode of some DAT inhibitors has been linked to their anti-addictive action. Here, we propose that atypical ligands and also compounds recently classified as partial releasers can serve as pharmacochaperones.
The Acquisition of Mandarin Tonal Processes by Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Tang Ping , Yuen Ivan , Xu Rattanasone Nan , Gao Liqun , Demuth Katherine 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Children with cochlear implants (CIs) face challenges in acquiring tonal languages, as CIs do not efficiently code pitch information. Mandarin is a tonal language with lexical tones and tonal processes such as neutral tone and tone sandhi, exhibiting contextually conditioned tonal realizations. Previous studies suggest that early implantation and long CI experience facilitate the acquisition of lexical tones by children with CIs. However, there is lack of acoustic evidence on children's tonal productions demonstrating that this is the case, and it is unclear whether and how children with CIs are able to acquire contextual tones. This study therefore examined the acoustic realization of both lexical tones and contextual tones as produced by children fitted with CIs, exploring the potential effects of age at implantation and length of CI experience on their acquisition of the Mandarin tonal system.

Method
Seventy-two Mandarin-learning preschoolers with CIs, varying in age at implantation (13–42 months) and length of CI experience (2–49 months), and 44 normal hearing 3-year-old controls were recruited. Tonal productions were elicited from both groups using picture-naming tasks and acoustically compared.

Results
Only the early implanted group (i.e., implanted before the age of 2 years) produced normal-like lexical tones and generally had contextual tones approximating those of the normal-hearing children. The other children, including those with longer CI experience, did not have typical tonal productions; their pitch patterns for lexical tones tended to be flatter, and contextual tone productions were unchanged across tonal contexts.

Conclusion
Children with CIs face challenges in acquiring Mandarin tones, but early implantation may help them to develop normal-like lexical tone categories, which further facilitates their implementation of contextual tones.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8038889
Alles gleichzeitig und trotzdem gut? (Teil
2)
Authors: Zoller Richard , Lange Kathrin , Nowak Miriam , Lauer Wolfgang 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDas gleichzeitige oder parallele Ausführen unterschiedlichster Aufgaben ist
gelebter Alltag im Tätigkeitsbereich der Intensiv- und Anästhesiepflege. Eine
Beobachtungsstudie hat die verschiedenen Tätigkeiten unter die Lupe genommen und
ausgewertet, um daraus Konsequenzen für den klinischen Alltag abzuleiten – damit
das Multitasking nicht zu folgenschweren Fehlern im Umgang mit Medizinprodukten
führt.
SAPF – eine seltene, aber schwere
Komplikation
Authors: Arrich Jasmin , Brunkhorst Frank M. 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungVon der Sepsis-assoziierten Purpura fulminans sind überwiegend Kinder zwischen
einem und drei Jahren und Jugendliche zwischen 16 und 18 Jahren betroffen. Eine
frühe Diagnose ist auch deswegen so wichtig, damit die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer
Amputation so gering wie möglich gehalten wird.
A Preliminary Study for Simple Physics Models of Coconut Tree
Authors: Rahmawati  , Rahmayanti HD , Amalia N , Viridi S , Abdullah M 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn investigation of how coconut palm tree withstands gale force winds has been performed. When observed carefully, the motion of the stalks and leaves affected the wind resistance. The stalks and leaves moved at random when intentioned wind blows. However, there is still no report on the physical modelling. This paper proposes a simple mathematical model to analyze the phenomenon. A simple tool was also designed to retrieve data usingVideo Tracker.The experiments were conducted on several types of springs. The model showed that the theoretical prediction accurately explained the phenomenon.