bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methylphenidate alters Akt‐mTOR signaling in rat pheochromocytoma cells
Authors: Schmitz Felipe , Chao Moses V. , Wyse Angela T.S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe exponential increase in methylphenidate (MPH) prescriptions in recent years has worried researchers about its misuse among individuals who do not meet the full diagnostic criteria for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) such as young children and students in search of cognitive improvement or for recreational reasons. The action of MPH is based mainly on inhibition of dopamine transporter, but the complete cellular effects are still unknown. Based upon prior studies, we attempted to determine whether the treatment with MPH (1μM) influences protein kinase B‐mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling pathways (Akt‐mTOR), including translation repressor protein (4E‐BP1) and mitogen activated protein kinase (S6K), in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12), a well characterized cellular model, in a long or short term. MPH effects on the Akt substrates [cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB), forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK‐3β)] were also evaluated. Whereas short term MPH treatment decreased the pAkt/Akt, pmTOR/mTOR and pS6K/S6K ratios, as well as pFoxO1 immunocontent in PC12 cells, long term treatment increased pAkt/Akt, pmTOR/mTOR and pGSK‐3β/GSK‐3β ratio. Phosphorylation levels of 4E‐BP1 were decreased at 15 and 30 min and increased at 1 and 6 h by MPH. pCREB/CREB ratio was decreased. This study shows that the Akt‐mTOR pathway, as well as other important Akt substrates which have been described as important regulators of protein synthesis, as well as being implicated in cellular survival, synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation, was affected by MPH in PC12 cells, representing an important step in exploring the MPH effects.
An Inclusive Ethical Design Perspective for a Flourishing Future with Artificial Intelligent Systems
Authors: GERDES Anne 
Published: December 2018

AbstractsThe article provides an inclusive outlook on artificial intelligence by introducing a three-legged design perspective that includes, but also moves beyond, ethical artificial systems design to stress the role of moral habituation of professionals and the general public. It is held that an inclusive ethical design perspective is essential for a flourishing future with artificial intelligence.
Wars and wonders: the inter-island information networks of Georg Everhard Rumphius
Authors: YOO GENIE 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHow did one man living on an island come to acquire information about the rest of the vast archipelago? This article traces the inter-island information networks of Georg Everhard Rumphius (1627–1702), an employee of the Dutch East India Company, who was able to explore the natural world of the wider archipelago without ever leaving the Moluccan island of Ambon. This article demonstrates the complexities of Rumphius's inter-island networks, as he collected information about plants and objects from islands near and far. Using his administrative, commercial and household networks, Rumphius was able to interact with local actors from across the social spectrum, whose own active collection, mediation and circulation of objects and information overlapped with imperial activities in the archipelago. This article examines Rumphius as both a collector and a mediator, who negotiated between multiple economies of exchange and translated information from different islands for his distant European readership. Such practices of localized translation demonstrate how knowledge produced on one island was the product of criss-crossing inter-island networks, as the information concerned underwent its own complicated processes of transmission and transformation within the archipelago before reaching its intended audience in Europe.
The ‘genie of the storm’: cyclonic reasoning and the spaces of weather observation in the southern Indian Ocean, 1851–1925
Authors: MAHONY MARTIN 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article engages with debates about the status and geographies of colonial science by arguing for the significance of meteorological knowledge making in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Mauritius. The article focuses on how tropical storms were imagined, theorized and anticipated by an isolated – but by no means peripheral – cast of meteorologists who positioned Mauritius as an important centre of calculation in an expanding infrastructure of maritime meteorology. Charles Meldrum in particular earned renown in the mid-nineteenth century for theoretical insights into cyclone behaviour and for achieving an unprecedented spatial reach in synoptic meteorology. But as the influx of weather data dried up towards the end of the century, attention turned to developing practices of ‘single-station forecasting’, by which cyclones might be foreseen and predicted not through extended observational networks, but by careful study of the behaviour of one set of instruments in one place. These practices created new moral economies of risk and responsibility, as well as a ‘poetry’, as one meteorologist described it, in the instrumental, sensory and imaginative engagement with a violent atmospheric environment. Colonial Indian Ocean ‘cyclonology’ offers an opportunity to reflect on how the physical, economic and cultural geographies of an island colony combined to produce spaces of weather observation defined by both connection and disconnection, the latter to be overcome not only by infrastructure, but also by the imagination.
Imperial vernacular: phytonymy, philology and disciplinarity in the Indo-Pacific, 1800–1900
Authors: BIL GEOFF 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis essay examines how Indo-Pacific indigenous plant names went from being viewed as instruments of botanical fieldwork, to being seen primarily as currency in anthropological studies. I trace this attitude to Alexander von Humboldt, who differentiated between indigenous phytonyms with merely local relevance to be used as philological data, and universally applicable Latin plant names. This way of using indigenous plant names underwrote a chauvinistic reading of cultural difference, and was therefore especially attractive to commentators lacking acquaintance with any indigenous language or culture. When New Zealand anthropologists embraced this role for Māori phytonyms in the 1890s, however, they did so possessed of a relatively in-depth understanding of Māori culture and the Māori language. This discussion has three primary aims: to illuminate nineteenth-century scholarly engagements with Indo-Pacific plant classifications, in contrast to a prevailing historiographical emphasis on European disregard for this subject; to analyse how indigenous phytonyms acted as ‘boundary objects’ interfacing between cultures and disciplines; and to illustrate the politics of scientific disciplinarity in a colonial context.
Synbiotic combination of prebiotic grape pomace extract and probioticLactobacillussp. reduced important intestinal inflammatory markers and in-depth signalling mediators in lipopolysaccharide-treated Caco-2 cells
Authors: Pistol Gina Cecilia , Marin Daniela Eliza , Dragomir Catalin , Taranu Ionelia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a major problem for public health, with an increased incidence and impact on life quality. The effect of pre- and probiotic combination has been less studied in IBD. Using genomic and proteomic array technologies, this study examined the efficacy of a new combination of natural alternatives: prebiotics (grape pomace extract, GP) and probiotics (lactobacilli mixture, Lb mix) on inflammation and intracellular signalling routes in a cellular model of inflammation. Caco-2 cells challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 4 h were treated with GP extract (50 μg/ml gallic acid equivalent) and Lb combination (3 × 108colony-forming units/ml total Lb) for 24 h. The profile expressions of forty key inflammatory markers and twenty-six signalling kinases were analysed. Other markers involved in inflammation were also investigated (NF-κB/RELA, Nrf2, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Cyp1A1, Cyp1B1); 57·5 and 60 % of investigated genes and proteins, respectively, were down-regulated by the synbiotic combination. Relevant cytokines and chemokines involved in response to microbial infection and inflammation were reduced under the level induced by LPS treatment and toward the unchallenged control. As expected, the reduction effect seems to imply mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB pathway. Most of the signalling molecules activated by LPS were decreased by GP extract and Lb mix. Our study indicates that the synbiotic combination of GP extract andLactobacillussp. mixture exerted anti-inflammatory properties, which are able to decrease the majority of inflammatory genes, their proteins and associated signalling markers. Due to protective role of GP compounds on lactobacilli probiotic, this synbiotic combination might serve as a promising adjunctive therapy in intestinal inflammations.
CULTIVATING A PROFESSIONAL POSE:
Authors: Jackson Brandon A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this article I investigate how a group of Black men in college worked together to learn and practice the professional pose—professional styles and behaviors meant to navigate professional settings. I argue that these behaviors were adopted to preempt any potential discriminatory acts and would ideally disassociate them from the negative labels associated with Black men. Specifically, I examine how leaders of the group Uplift and Progress (UP) prepared other members and recruits by teaching them how to present themselves as professional Black men who were familiar with White middle-class practices. To further encourage their success, group members sought out opportunities to practice these styles in public. By cultivating this professional pose, they were able to claim their place at a White institution and distance themselves from the unfavorable stereotypes of Black men. This strategy also bolstered their reputation on campus and would ideally prepare them for the predominantly White workplace.
Validation of the Network of Relationship Inventory in Female and	Male Adolescents
Authors: Ackermann Katharina , Martinelli Anne , Bernhard Anka , Ueno Kathrin , Freitag Christine M. , Büttner Gerhard , Schmiedek Florian , Schwenck Christina 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Friendships and their different qualities have been shown to be important for adolescents’ socio-emotional development and psychological adjustment. In empirical research on such friendship qualities, the Network of Relationship Inventory – Relationship Quality Version (NRI-RQV) is a widely used questionnaire. Here, we conduct an extensive validation of a German version of the NRI-RQV, investigating its factor structure, reliability, and concurrent validity, in a sample of N = 679 adolescents aged 13–18 years. Applying multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, we further test whether the factor structure of the friendship quality construct holds across groups of males and females. Results showed that a structure with nine correlated first-order factors fit the data well, indicating nine distinct friendship qualities in males and females. Measurement invariance testing suggested the same underlying friendship quality construct, albeit differences in mean scores per gender. As evidence for concurrent validity, closeness and discordant friendship qualities showed expected correlations with empathy and social problems, respectively, but not with aggressive behavior. Overall, results indicate good psychometric properties for the German version of the NRI-RQV as a measure of friendship qualities in both males and females.
Multiple Speed Assessments
Authors: Herde Christoph Nils , Lievens Filip 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. This paper presents Multiple Speed Assessments as an umbrella term to encompass a variety of approaches that include multiple (e.g., 20), short (e.g., 3 min), and often integrated interpersonal simulations to elicit overt behavior in a standardized way across participants. Multiple Speed Assessments can be used to get insight into the behavioral repertoire of a target person in situations sampled from a predefined target domain and their intraindividual variability across these situations. This paper outlines the characteristics and theoretical basis of Multiple Speed Assessments. We also discuss various already existing examples of Multiple Speed Assessments (Objective Structured Clinical Examinations, Multiple Mini-Interviews, and constructed response multimedia tests) and provide an overview of design variations. Finally, we present current research evidence and future research directions related to Multiple Speed Assessments. Although we present Multiple Speed Assessments in the context of personnel selection, it can also be used for assessment in the educational, personality, or clinical psychology field.
How Perceived Processing Fluency Influences the Illusion of Knowing	in Learning From TV Reports
Authors: Ryffel Fabian A. , Wirth Werner 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The present two-study work aims to contribute to an understanding of the causes and consequences of perceived processing fluency. Regarding its causes, the experimental studies ( N1 = 399; N2 = 337) found that features of television reports (e.g., footage used, background music) can heighten perceptions of processing fluency. Regarding its consequences, it was found that heightened perceived fluency biases metacognitive judgments. Specifically, considering perceived knowledge in relation to actual knowledge, recipients experiencing fluency have been found to overestimate their knowledge about the issue depicted in the experimental stimuli. The resulting illusion of knowing was particularly pronounced under conditions of low involvement, indicating that the so-called ease-of-processing heuristic underlies the effect.
Bioeconomy and SDGs: Does the Bioeconomy Support the Achievement of the SDGs?
Authors: Heimann Tobias 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper evaluates how bioeconomy activities, stated in the concepts of the European Union, Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development, and the German government, potentially affect the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The aim of the bioeconomy is to substitute the use of fossil resources by renewable resources, while the SDGs set targets for a holistic sustainable global development. A literature‐based influence analysis on empirical studies is employed to derive three bioeconomy scenarios (business as usual, bioeconomy, and sustainable bioeconomy) and to quantify their effects on the individual SDG targets. It is shown that the bioeconomy scenario has positive as well as negative effects on the SDG targets. While targets for cleaner industrial production are strongly supported, socioeconomic targets are subject to mixed effects and environmental targets significantly hurt. This paper outlines which SDGs need special attention when implementing a bioeconomy according to the above‐mentioned concepts. The results add to the debate on SDG trade‐offs and on the substitutability of SDG targets. Without regulations, policies, and investments ensuring sustainability, or in case the substitutability of SDG targets is not allowed, the bioeconomy concepts have the potential to jeopardize the achievement of several SDGs. In contrast, the sustainable bioeconomy scenario assumes strong sustainability measures that reveal the extensive potential of the bioeconomy to support the achievement of the SDGs.
Late Oligocene Tibetan Plateau Warming and Humidity: Evidence From a Sporopollen Record
Authors: Wu Fuli , Miao Yunfa , Meng Qingquan , Fang Xiaomin , Sun Jimin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDramatic warming in the late Oligocene occurred after 8 Ma, characterized by ocean warming and a collapse of the Antarctic ice sheet (the late Oligocene warming event [LOWE]); however, few terrestrial records have yet been employed to verify the LOWE and investigate its associated driving forces. The Nima Basin, located in the central Tibetan Plateau contains thick Oligocene sediments, allowing its ecological record to be used as verification of the LOWE. Here we used the reconstructed vegetation record from the Nima Basin in the 1,100‐m‐thick DZC section, aided with zircon U‐Pb dating of the interbedded tuffite layers. Two tuffite layers yielded ages of about 23.4 and 24.8 Ma; thus, the sedimentary age of the whole section is predicted to be 27.5–22.4 Ma. Sporopollen analysis revealed that the dominant taxa throughout the whole section were conifers (over 85%), including Piceapollis, Pinuspollenites, and Abietpollenites. One notable feature is that the broad‐leaved trees (e.g., Quercoidites and Meliaceoidites) increased obviously (averaging from 0.9% to 6.6%, max 41.2%) after 25.6 Ma. This change could be interpreted as a response to late Oligocene global warming, which changed the forest line and corresponding plant species composition. The mean average precipitation of 400–850 and 800–1,000 mm, respectively, inferred from the above vegetation types in the Nima Basin, both exceed the present 150 mm. This indicates that the south Asian monsoon had already developed in the Oligocene and that the LOW event accompanied the global warming.
Evaluation of Mumiyo Deposits From East Antarctica as Archives for the Late Quaternary Environmental and Climatic History
Authors: Berg S. , Melles M. , Hermichen W.‐D. , McClymont E. L. , Bentley M. J. , Hodgson D. A. , Kuhn G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMumiyo deposits form in the vicinity of snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea) nesting sites and consist of fossil stomach oil (mumiyo), guano, and minerogenic material. Here we evaluate mumiyo deposits from the inland mountain ranges of central Dronning Maud Land as high‐resolution archives for paleoenvironmental reconstructions in Antarctica. Investigation of internal structures and chemical composition shows that the lamination reflects progressive sedimentation, despite the irregular outer morphology of the deposits. Detailed radiocarbon analysis demonstrates that stratigraphies are intact: 14C ages become successively younger upwards in the deposits. Fatty acid and n‐alcohol composition was determined on samples from eight mumiyo deposits. Dominance of low molecular weight compounds (C14 to C18) points to a dietary signal; however, the relatively low proportions of unsaturated compounds compared to fresh stomach oils indicates some postdepositional degradation. We found marine diatoms in the mumiyo, which potentially provide a proxy for sea ice conditions in the foraging habitat of the petrels. Age ranges of the investigated deposits suggest occupation of the analyzed sites by snow petrels from 17 ka to >58 ka. Changes in deposition rates point to higher occupation frequency in Petermann Range from 46 to 42 ka compared to the late marine isotope stage 3 and the Last Glacial Maximum.
A Preliminary Risk Assessment of Geomagnetically Induced Currents over the Italian Territory
Authors: Tozzi R. , De Michelis P. , Coco I. , Giannattasio F. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGeomagnetically induced currents (GICs), occurring as a result of space weather events, represent a hazard for the secure and safe operation of electrical power grids and oil/gas pipelines. The most exposed countries are those at high latitudes where, in the past, the occurrence of intense GICs has seriously damaged part of their power networks. However, very powerful space weather events have resulted in intense GICs also at middle and low latitudes. The GIC index is a proxy of the geoelectric field, and it can be estimated straightforwardly from magnetic observatory data. In this work, the GIC index is computed to investigate the possible impact of space weather events on the Italian territory. We first calculate the GIC index using data from the magnetic observatories of Castello Tesino, Duronia, and Lampedusa, together covering the whole Italian latitudinal extension, and show its behavior during the 2015 St. Patrick's day storm. Then, we consider measurements from the two longest running Italian magnetic observatories, that is, Castello Tesino and L'Aquila, and estimate the GIC index over more than 20 years of observations. A preliminary characterization of the general risk to which the Italian power grid network is exposed is given. Results show that during periods of high magnetic activity, potentially detrimental GICs could flow through the power network, especially at the highest Italian latitudes that are characterized by a low conductivity lithosphere.
Dysfunctional autophagy induced by the pro-apoptotic natural compound climacostol in tumour cells
Authors: Zecchini Silvia , Proietti Serafini Francesca , Catalani Elisabetta , Giovarelli Matteo , Coazzoli Marco , Di Renzo Ilaria , De Palma Clara , Perrotta Cristiana , Clementi Emilio , Buonanno Federico , Ortenzi Claudio , Marcantoni Enrico , Taddei Anna Rita , Picchietti Simona , Fausto Anna Maria , Cervia Davide 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAutophagy occurs at a basal level in all eukaryotic cells and may support cell survival or activate death pathways. Due to its pathophysiologic significance, the autophagic machinery is a promising target for the development of multiple approaches for anti-neoplastic agents. We have recently described the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic mechanisms, targeting the tumour suppressor p53, of climacostol, a natural product of the ciliated protozoan Climacostomum virens. We report here on how climacostol regulates autophagy and the involvement of p53-dependent mechanisms. Using both in vitro and in vivo techniques, we show that climacostol potently and selectively impairs autophagy in multiple tumour cells that are committed to die by apoptosis. In particular, in B16-F10 mouse melanomas climacostol exerts a marked and sustained accumulation of autophagosomes as the result of dysfunctional autophagic degradation. We also provide mechanistic insights showing that climacostol affects autophagosome turnover via p53-AMPK axis, although the mTOR pathway unrelated to p53 levels plays a role. In particular, climacostol activated p53 inducing the upregulation of p53 protein levels in the nuclei through effects on p53 stability at translational level, as for instance the phosphorylation at Ser15 site. Noteworthy, AMPKα activation was the major responsible of climacostol-induced autophagy disruption in the absence of a key role regulating cell death, thus indicating that climacostol effects on autophagy and apoptosis are two separate events, which may act independently on life/death decisions of the cell. Since the activation of p53 system is at the molecular crossroad regulating both the anti-autophagic action of climacostol and its role in the apoptosis induction, it might be important to explore the dual targeting of autophagy and apoptosis with agents acting on p53 for the selective killing of tumours. These findings also suggest the efficacy of ciliate bioactive molecules to identify novel lead compounds in drug discovery and development.