bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping spatial variability of annual rainfall under different return periods in Turkey: The application of various distribution functions and model selection techniques
Authors: Tosunoglu Fatih , Gurbuz Faruk 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe objectives of the paper are to determine the best‐fitted probability distribution functions for annual rainfall in Turkey and to provide more accurate estimates of rainfall quantiles under different return periods. To achieve these aims, 10 popular and widely used probability distributions: gamma, generalized extreme value, Gumbel, normal, logistic, log‐logistic, two‐parameter log‐normal, three‐parameter log‐normal, Pearson type III and Weibull, are considered for modelling annual rainfall data covering the period 1975–2014 from 155 gauge stations uniformly distributed across Turkey. Unlike previous studies, the performances of the candidate probability distributions were evaluated by various model selection techniques: Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), Anderson–Darling (AD) criterion, the Cramér–von Mises test (CvM) and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (KS). According to the ranking‐based scoring evaluation, the gamma, log‐logistic, two‐parameter log‐normal, normal and Weibull distributions, which show the best fit for 78% of the data series, were mainly found to be the most suitable distributions. T year (25, 50 and 100) rainfall quantiles were then estimated using the best‐fitted distributions. Finally, the universal Kriging method, which is an effective interpolation method, was used to map the estimated rainfall quantiles.
Enteroids for Nutritional Studies
Authors: Yin Yue‐Bang , de Jonge Hugo R. , Wu Xin , Yin Yu‐Long 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNutritional studies are greatly hampered by a paucity of proper models. Previous studies on nutrition have employed conventional cell lines and animal models to gain a better understanding of the field. These models lack certain correlations with human physiological responses, which impede their applications in this field. Enteroids are cultured from intestinal stem cells and include enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, goblet cells, Paneth cells, and stem cells, which mimic hallmarks of in vivo epithelium and support long‐term culture without genetic or physiological changes. Enteroids have been used as models to study the effects of diet and nutrients on intestinal growth and development, ion and nutrient transport, secretory and absorption functions, the intestinal barrier, and location‐specific functions of the intestine. In this review, the existing models for nutritional studies are discussed and the importance of enteroids as a new model for nutritional studies is highlighted. Taken together, it is suggested that enteroids can serve as a potential model system to be exploited in nutritional studies.
Combined diffusion‐relaxometry MRI to identify dysfunction in the human placenta
Authors: Slator Paddy J. , Hutter Jana , Palombo Marco , Jackson Laurence H. , Ho Alison , Panagiotaki Eleftheria , Chappell Lucy C. , Rutherford Mary A. , Hajnal Joseph V. , Alexander Daniel C. 
Published: March 2019

PurposeA combined diffusion‐relaxometry MR acquisition and analysis pipeline for in vivo human placenta, which allows for exploration of coupling between and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements in a sub 10‐minute scan time.MethodsWe present a novel acquisition combining a diffusion prepared spin echo with subsequent gradient echoes. The placentas of 17 pregnant women were scanned in vivo, including both healthy controls and participants with various pregnancy complications. We estimate the joint ‐ADC spectra using an inverse Laplace transform.Results‐ADC spectra demonstrate clear quantitative separation between normal and dysfunctional placentas.ConclusionsCombined ‐diffusivity MRI is promising for assessing fetal and maternal health during pregnancy. The ‐ADC spectrum potentially provides additional information on tissue microstructure, compared to measuring these two contrasts separately. The presented method is immediately applicable to the study of other organs.
The placebo response in myasthenia gravis assessed by quantitative myasthenia gravis score: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Frisaldi Elisa , Shaibani Aziz , Vollert Jan , Ferrero Bruno , Carrino Roberta , Ibraheem Hayan Dhamer , Vase Lene , Benedetti Fabrizio 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis meta‐analysis investigates the placebo response in generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) trials by means of Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) scores.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Controlled Trial Register, and EMBASE were searched. QMG score, dropouts rate, adverse events (AEs), and AEs responsible for dropouts were examined, together with treatment moderators.ResultsThe magnitude of placebo response showed an effect size of 0.24, which was significantly lower than 0.67 of the drug response (P = 0.019). Furthermore, the forest plot revealed that, overall, active treatments showed a significantly higher impact on QMG scores than placebos.ConclusionsPlacebo and drug responses in MG trials are small and moderate, respectively. The lack of MG trials with a pure placebo arm or a no‐treatment control arm made it impossible to disentangle improvements due to the placebo psychological effect from other effects such as natural history and/or regression to the mean. Muscle Nerve 59:671–678, 2019
Applying spaced practice in the schools to teach math vocabulary
Authors: Petersen‐Brown Shawna , Lundberg Ashlee R. , Ray Jannine E. , Dela Paz Iwalani N. , Riss Carrington L. , Panahon Carlos J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSpaced practice, or the distribution of practice opportunities across time, is a well‐known and effective practice for improving retention. However, spaced practice is not effectively implemented in schools, perhapsl as a result of a lack of educationally relevant research in the area. We conducted an educationally relevant investigation of the spaced practice. Using a quasi‐experimental between‐subjects design, we taught 62 third‐ and fourth‐grade students eight math vocabulary words under two patterns of spaced practice (fixed interval and expanded interval) and massed practice. Results showed a benefit of spaced practice over massed practice, but no difference between fixed interval and expanded interval spaced practice. The findings suggest that spaced practice may be implemented to improve the retention of math vocabulary words; however, more research is needed to provide guidelines to support educators in implementing spaced practice in schools.
Fungal Extracellular Vesicles with a Focus on Proteomic Analysis
Authors: Bleackley Mark R. , Dawson Charlotte S. , Anderson Marilyn A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) perform crucial functions in cell–cell communication. The packaging of biomolecules into membrane‐enveloped vesicles prior to release into the extracellular environment provides a mechanism for coordinated delivery of multiple signals at high concentrations that is not achievable by classical secretion alone. Most of the understanding of the biosynthesis, composition, and function of EVs comes from mammalian systems. Investigation of fungal EVs, particularly those released by pathogenic yeast species, has revealed diverse cargo including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and small molecules. Fungal EVs are proposed to function in a variety of biological processes including virulence and cell wall homeostasis with a focus on host–pathogen interactions. EVs also carry signals between fungal cells allowing for a coordinated attack on a host during infection. Research on fungal EVs in still in its infancy. Here a review of the literature thus far with a focus on proteomic analysis is provided with respect to techniques, results, and prospects.
Refining a Pathogen's Genome to Know the Enemy Better for the Winning Battles
Authors: Mohammad Hazara Begum , Lee Seung‐Eun , Kim Min‐Sik 
Published: March 2019

AbstractClavibacter michiganensis, subsp. michiganens is a gram positive bacterial pathogen infecting tomato, resulting in the great losses of yield and quality worldwide. Despite its great impact on economics, we do not fully understand the virulence factors from its genome probably due to imperfect genome annotation. Peritore‐Galve et al. utilized proteogenomic approach to identify 26 novel protein‐coding regions, to extend 59 annotated open reading frames and to confirm protein expression for ≈70% of predicted gene models of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. New findings by the proteogenomics technique were further confirmed using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. To win battles with pathogens, it is advantageous to know about our enemies accurately which can be achieved by mass spectrometry‐based identifications of novel protein‐coding regions in genomes.
Role of package headspace on multilayer films subjected to high hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Al‐Ghamdi Saleh , Rasco Barbara , Tang Juming , Barbosa‐Cánovas Gustavo V. , Sablani Shyam S. 
Published: March 2019

The objective of this study was to systematically examine the effect of high‐pressure processing and package headspace on package integrity and properties. Working pressures were 400 and 600 MPa, and starting vessel temperatures were 30°C, 60°C, and 90°C. Coextruded and laminated multilayers packaging films were studied: film A: (PA/EVOH/PP) and film B: (PET‐AlOx‐OC/PA6/PP), respectively. The films were made into pouches (0.05 m × 0.10 m) and filled with 30‐mL water as a model food. Various headspace volumes (0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30‐cc air/mL H2O) were introduced into the packaging before processing. Imaging was used to quantify defects such as the formation of white spots on the package surface and delamination of film layers. The results showed that the headspace level and processing initial temperature had a greater effect than the operating pressure on visual defects. The package with 0% headspace did not show any physical damage to the tested films. Furthermore, thermal and mechanical analyses showed that the coextruded film A had better resistance to testing conditions than the laminated structure of film B. The X‐ray diffraction results showed that film B had more defects than film A that altered the crystalline structure. Visual observation revealed white spots and delamination in the inside layer (PP) in both films. The same processing conditions affected the oxygen and water vapour transmission rates of film B more than film A. This work provides a basic guideline to select the right headspace for a given type of packaged food whenever heat and pressure are used simultaneously.
Vibration and acceleration levels of multimodal container shipping physical environment
Authors: Böröcz Péter 
Published: March 2019

In global supply chains, multimodal transportation plays a dominant role in worldwide shipping. The rail, truck, and vessel combination is the most commonly used mode for non‐time sensitive shipments between continents. This study focused on measuring the transportation environment effects (vibration and acceleration levels) in 40‐foot ISO container shipments using multiple modes of transport, originating in Hungary and destined for Mexico, India, and China over several weeks. The study also measured multimodal shipping routes without vessel transportation to China over Trans‐Siberian and Trans‐Manchurian railway lines. The transshipments and handling events in container hubs and terminals were separately analyzed. The results show the comparison of vibration intensity (in PSD) of different route conditions between various continents, and the possibility of acceleration levels during transshipments and handling events. The measured data show that extreme acceleration levels in vertical direction (9.37 G) occur while containers are handled in a seaport, and in lateral (4.45 G) and longitudinal (5.55 G) directions while they are transshipped by truck to rail container terminals. The rail vibration levels in Russia and China showed a lower intensity in the frequency range of 1 to 15 Hz, and higher between 15 and 200 Hz than in Europe; the lowest vibration levels occurred when the containers traveled on the sea, and truck vibration levels were very similar to previous research and ISTA protocols.
Advancing the Sustainable Development Goals: Evidence from leading European banks
Authors: Avrampou Anna , Skouloudis Antonis , Iliopoulos George , Khan Nadeem 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe sustainable development goals (SDGs) reflect grand challenges that the global community needs to address in order to ensure economic welfare, environmental quality, social cohesion and prosperity for future generations. In this respect, the role of the banking sector, among other critical business entities and key stakeholders, is vital. The purpose of our paper is to examine how comprehensively the reported performance of banks aligns with the endorsement of SDGs. We employ the well‐established framework of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) performance indicators for a comparative assessment of the nonfinancial performance disclosed in the annual sustainability reports. Focusing on a small sample of leading European banks, we find an overall low contribution to SDGs. Furthermore, each bank's contribution remains particularly heterogeneous towards most individual SDG goals. Likewise, bank‐specific strategies drive the most extensively addressed SDGs, overlooking any critical importance of certain GRI indicators with multifaceted impact across several SDGs. The study sets forth managerial implications for improving effective reporting of SDG performance. It concludes with emerging opportunities for enhancing disclosure of SDGs contribution and highlights future research perspectives towards industry‐wide shared‐value appraisal under the scope of these pressing grand challenges.
Wide Identification of the Compounds in Licorice and Exploration of the Mechanism for Prostatitis Treatment by Combining UHPLC‐LTQ‐Orbitrap MS with Network Pharmacology
Authors: Li Xiuming , Liu Hui , Shao Yuanyang , Ma Guang , Song Dianbin , Xu Guojie , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLicorice has been used as an important herbal medicine for treating chronic diseases in Asian countries for thousands of years. In this study, UHPLC‐LTQ‐Orbitrap MS was used to widely identify the compounds of licorices from Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Gu) and G. inflata (Gi) species by the methods of untargeted and targeted metabolomics and systemically predicted the mechanism in treating prostatitis. As a result, 91 compounds were successfully identified and most compounds showed remarkable difference between Gu and Gi samples. Multivariate statistics further demonstrated that the Gu samples were significantly discriminated from the Gi samples in the content level of main compounds. Interestingly, we also found that those compounds had two main accumulation patterns in licorice. Network pharmacology analysis predicted that those compounds in licorice interacted with a wide of targets in body and interrupted prostatitis by 17 key targets. This study would be of significance to the study on quality control and development of licorice‐related products and offer a scientific basis for exploring the mechanism of treating prostatitis.
Evaluation of Major Product Distribution Using Experimental‐Theoretical Comparative Studies on Toluene and Ethylbenzene Ethylation over Catalysts Zeolite MCM‐22 and Modified MCM‐22
Authors: Thakkar Riddhi , Bandyopadhyay Rajib 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe activity of zeolite MCM‐22 and modified MCM‐22 catalyst were tested in the vapor phase alkylation of toluene and ethylbenzene by ethanol to investigate the influence of thermodynamic parameters, reaction temperature, and the molar ratio of toluene and ethylbenzene to ethanol. The reactions were evaluated with experimental and theoretical approaches. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, FE‐SEM, TGA, N2‐adsorption, and NH3 & Py‐TPD analyses. The superior catalytic performance of modified MCM‐22 was observed in ethylation of ethylbenzene and ethylation of toluene. The catalytic performance indicates that zeolite MCM‐22 retained shape selectivity resulting into para‐selectivity, while modified MCM‐22 possessed more mesopores and increased accessibility to the acid sites thereby increasing conversion of ethylbenzene.
Photodegradation Activity of Nitrogen‐rich Graphitic Carbon Nitride Intercalated ZnO\Mg‐Al Layered Double Hydroxide Ternary Nanocomposites on Methylene Blue Dye
Authors: Bhuvaneswari Kandasamy , Palanisamy Govindasamy , Pazhanivel Thangavelu , Maiyalagan Thandavarayan , Bharathi Ganapathi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHerein, we report the preparation and visible light‐triggered photocatalytic investigation of nitrogen‐rich graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanosheets intercalated ZnO\Mg−Al LDH (2D\2D) ternary nanocomposite. The ZnO nanoparticles, unique structured LDH, and g‐C3N4 are intercalated well by the hydrothermal treatment, showing a significant enhancement in the visible light absorption and corresponding photocatalytic activity. Formation of this new ternary nanocomposite was examined by using XRD, FE‐SEM, TEM, FTIR, EDX, Elemental mapping, XPS and UV‐Vis analysis. The ternary nanocomposite photocatalyst show remarkable performance towards the photodegradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye. The ternary nanocomposite exhibited considerable improvement in the photocatalytic activity and is attributed to the N‐ rich g‐C3N4 and even distribution of ZnO\Mg−Al LDH over the g‐C3N4 surface. This work offers a facile approach to prepare a novel visible light‐ response photocatalyst for photocatalytic dye degradation of organic pollutants.
Dehydration of 1,5‐Pentanediol over ZrO2‐ZnO Mixed Oxides
Authors: Beasley Charles , Gnanamani Muthu Kumaran , Martinelli Michela , Góra‐Marek Kinga , Hamano Kaichiro , Shafer Wilson D. , Wanninayake Namal , Kim Doo Young 
Published: March 2019

AbstractZn addition was found to affect both activity and selectivity of ZrO2 for dehydration of 1,5‐pentanediol. ZrO2 tends to produce more or less equimolar mixture of tetrahydropyran (THP) derivatives and 4‐penten‐1‐ol from 1,5‐pentanediol. The conversion of 1,5‐pentanediol on ZrO2 increases with increasing Zn content up to 30–50 mole percent; however, catalyst containing Zn beyond 50 mole percent had an adverse effect on both conversion of diol and the selectivity for unsaturated alcohol (i. e., 4‐penten‐1‐ol). XRD and Raman analysis infer that the presence of tetragonal ZrO2, the amorphous phase (ZrO2, ZrZnOx, ZnO), and hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO in the catalysts. The interplanar spacing of ZrO2 (111) and ZnO (100) planes for catalysts indicate that Zn incorporates into ZrO2 lattice and vice‐versa. Basicity assessed from CO2‐TPD and acidity from FTIR‐pyridine adsorption techniques indicate that both basicity and Lewis acid sites density increases with increasing Zn proportion on ZrO2 up to 50:50 molar ratios of Zn to Zr. An optimum Zn:Zr mole ratio is required to achieve higher density of oxygen vacant metal sites (i. e., Lewis acidity) and balanced acid‐base strength which improves the diol conversion.
Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Derived Materials: Emerging Catalysts for a Sulfate Radicals‐Based Advanced Oxidation Process in Water Purification
Authors: Wang Chaohai , Kim Jeonghun , Malgras Victor , Na Jongbeom , Lin Jianjian , You Jungmok , Zhang Ming , Li Jiansheng , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWith the ever‐growing environmental issues, sulfate radical (SO4•−)‐based advanced oxidation processes (SR‐AOPs) have been attracting widespread attention due to their high selectivity and oxidative potential in water purification. Among various methods generating SO4•−, employing heterogeneous catalysts for activation of peroxymonosulfate or persulfate has been demonstrated as an effective strategy. Therefore, the future advances of SR‐AOPs depend on the development of adequate catalysts with high activity and stability. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with large surface area, ultrahigh porosity, and diversity of material design have been extensively used in heterogeneous catalysts, and more recently, enormous effort has been made to utilize MOFs‐based materials for SR‐AOPs applications. In this work, the state‐of‐the‐art research on pristine MOFs, MOFs composites, and their derivatives, such as oxides, metal/carbon hybrids, and carbon materials for SR‐AOPs, is summarized. The mechanisms, including radical and nonradical pathways, are also detailed in the discussion. This work will hopefully promote the future development of MOFs‐based materials toward SR‐AOPs applications.
Thirty‐Five Years of the Gradual Release of Responsibility: Scaffolding Toward Complex and Responsive Teaching
Authors: Webb Sandra , Massey Dixie , Goggans Melinda , Flajole Kelly 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt has been more than 35 years since Pearson and Gallagher's landmark study on the gradual release of responsibility. How has this instructional practice endured the test of time? In this article, the authors revisit the history of the gradual release of responsibility, explore current practices and challenges for educators, and provide implications for contemporary classrooms.
Photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen in water using TiO2 and ZnO under artificial UV and solar irradiation
Authors: Tanveer Muhammad , Guyer Gokce Tezcanli , Abbas Ghulam 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe degradation of anti‐inflammatory and antipyretic drug (Ibuprofen; IBP) has been described in this study by using photocatalytic‐based advanced oxidation processes. The catalysts (TiO2 and ZnO) were activated by irradiation of artificial UV lamp and solar rays for the generation of highly oxidizing species which resulted in the degradation of IBP to intermediates and finally to carbon dioxide and water. In solar reactor, quartz and borosilicate tubes were installed for absorption of required ultraviolet rays and curved chrome plates were used to reflect and concentrate rays on the tubes containing feed mixture. The liquid chromatography, Total organic carbon (TOC), and Chemical oxygen demand (COD) tests were employed to determine the degradation rates and demineralization of solution samples. At catalyst dosing of 1–1.5 g/L, TiO2‐based experiments showed high degradation rate under acidic conditions. Similarly, for ZnO catalyst, 1 g/L dozing rate was found to be effective under neutral conditions (pH = 7.0). UV lamp‐based photocatalysis had higher degradation rate as compared to that of solar reactor. Moreover, better absorption of solar rays by quartz tubes resulted in higher degradation than that in borosilicate tubes. For UV lamp photocatalysis, the TOC and COD reduction was higher. With improved catalyst doping and better solar reactor design, solar‐based IBP degradation could be more promising than UV‐based catalysis.Practitioner points

TiO2 and ZnO were employed to generate oxidizing agents for comparative photocatalytic degradation.

Degradation rate of Ibuprofen with TiO2 was much higher compared to ZnO.

Quartz material was found more effective as radiation absorbing material than borosilicate glass for solar photo catalysis.

Influence of catalyst loading (TiO2 and ZnO) and pH conditions on degradation rate and mineralization of IBP was examined.

IBP is a carcinogenic and endocrine disrupting drug so its degradation in water can protect ecological and human life.