bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Phenazopyridine on Immediate Postoperative Voiding After Prolapse Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sierra Tania , Taylor Danielle L. , Leung Katherine , Hall Cynthia D. , Flynn Michael K. 
Published: April 2019

Objectives
The objective of our study was to determine if phenazopyridine reduces void trial (VT) failure rates after prolapse surgery.

Methods
A single-institution randomized controlled trial was conducted comparing a second dose of phenazopyridine 200 mg on postoperative day 1 versus no additional phenazopyridine in women undergoing prolapse surgery. All subjects (including controls) received 200 mg of phenazopyridine preoperatively for ureteral patency verification. The intervention group received a second dose of phenazopyridine 200 mg the morning of postoperative day 1. The primary outcome was assessed using a standardized VT. Secondary outcomes included pain, opioid usage, urinary tract infections, and prolonged or recurrent urinary retention. An intent-to-treat analysis was performed with a χ2 test to compare failure rates between the intervention and control groups.

Results
We enrolled 152 women, and 76 were randomized to each group. There was no difference in VT failures between the 2 groups—34% failed without phenazopyridine on postoperative day 1, and 42% failed with phenazopyridine on postoperative day 1 (P = 0.326). Subject characteristics were similar across both groups. Pain scores immediately before the VT were 3 out of 10 in both groups (P = 0.206), with no difference in opioid consumption (P = 0.750). There were no differences in the rate of urinary tract infections or prolonged or recurrent urinary retention between the groups (P = 0.304 and P = 0.745).

Conclusions
While previous studies suggested an improvement in immediate postoperative voiding with phenazopyridine, our randomized controlled trial does not support this.
Physical Impairment and Access to Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Haugen Christine E. , Agoons Dayawa , Chu Nadia M. , Liyanage Luckimini , Long Jane , Desai Niraj M. , Norman Silas P. , Brennan Daniel C. , Segev Dorry L. , McAdams-DeMarco Mara 
Published: April 2019

Background.
The short physical performance battery (SPPB) test is an objective measurement of lower extremity function (walk speed, balance, chair stands). SPPB impairment is associated with longer length of stay and increased mortality in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Furthermore, the SPPB test may represent an objective quantification of the “foot of the bed test” utilized by clinicians; therefore, impairment may translate with decreased access to KT.

Methods.
We studied 3255 participants (2009–2018) at 2 KT centers. SPPB impairment was defined as a score of ≤10. We estimated time to listing, waitlist mortality, and transplant rate by SPPB impairment status using Cox proportional hazards, competing risks, and Poisson regression.

Results.
The mean age was 54 years (SD = 14; range 18–89) and 54% had SPPB impairment. Impaired participants were less likely to be listed for KT (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.64-0.77, P < 0.001). Also, once listed, impaired candidates had a 1.6-fold increased risk of waitlist mortality (adjusted subhazard ratio: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.18-2.06, P = 0.002). Furthermore, impaired candidates were transplanted 16% less frequently (adjusted incidence rate ratio: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73-0.98, P = 0.02).

Conclusions.
SPPB impairment was highly prevalent in KT candidates. Impaired candidates had decreased chance of listing, increased risk of waitlist mortality, and decreased rate of KT. Identification of robust KT candidates and improvement in lower extremity function are potential ways to improve survival on the waitlist and access to KT.
Prognostic Value of “A” Waves in Patients With Guillain Barre Syndrome
Authors: Badry Reda 
Published: April 2019

Introduction:
The “A” wave is a compound action potential evoked consistently from a muscle by submaximal electric stimulation to the nerve. “A” waves were usually associated with the presence of conduction block and abounded in lower limbs more than in upper limbs. Guillain Barre syndrome is an autoimmune polyradiculoneuropathy that usually follows respiratory or gastrointestinal infections.

Purpose:
To study the prognostic value of “A” waves in patients with Guillain Barre syndrome with different recovery patterns.

Methods:
In this study, 50 patients with GuillainBarreSyndrome were enrolled. They were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of “A” waves in their neurophysiologic study at onset of illness. Strength of limb muscles of the involved patients was assessed at onset of the study and 6 weeks later (short-term clinical recovery) using the Medical Research Council Scale.

Results:
Patients with waves (29 patients: 58%) showed poorer short-term follow-up parameters than those without “A” waves (21 patients: 42%).

Conclusions:
Presence of “A” waves is usually associated with conduction block and marked degree of demyelination. “A” waves carry poor prognostic value in short-term follow-up parameters in patients with Guillain Barre syndrome.
Integrated K+channel and K+-Cl−cotransporter functions regulate fin proportionality in zebrafish
Authors: Lanni Jennifer S. , Peal David , Ekstrom Laura , Chen Haining , Stanclift Caroline , Bowen Margot , Mercado Adriana , Gamba Gerardo , Kahle Kristopher T. , Harris Matthew P. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe coordination of growth during development establishes proportionality within and among the different anatomic structures of organisms. Innate memory of this proportionality is preserved, as shown in the ability of regenerating structures to return to their original size. Although the regulation of this coordination is incompletely understood, mutant analyses of zebrafish with long-finned phenotypes have uncovered important roles for bioelectric signaling in modulating growth and size of the fins and barbs. To date, long-finned mutants identified are caused by hypermorphic mutations, leaving unresolved whether such signaling is required for normal development. We isolated a new zebrafish mutant,schleier, with proportional overgrowth phenotypes caused by a missense mutation and loss of function in the K+-Cl−cotransporter Kcc4a. Genetic depletion of Kcc4a in wild-type fish leads to a dose-dependent loss of growth restriction in fins and barbs, supporting a requirement for Kcc4a in regulation of proportion. Epistasis experiments suggest that Kcc4a and the two-pore potassium channel Kcnk5b both contribute to a common bioelectrical signaling response in the fin. These data suggest that an integrated bioelectric signaling pathway is required for the coordination of size and proportion during development.Graphical Abstract
Choice of Contact Points Modulates Sensorimotor Cortical Interactions for Dexterous Manipulation
Authors: Parikh Pranav J. , Fine Justin M. , Santello Marco 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTHumans are unique in their ability to perform dexterous object manipulation in a wide variety of scenarios. However, previous work has used a grasping context that predominantly elicits memory-based control of digit forces by constraining where the object should be grasped. For this ‘constrained’ grasping context, primary motor cortex (M1) is involved in storage and retrieval of digit forces used in previous manipulations. In contrast, when choice of digit contact points is allowed (‘unconstrained’ grasping), behavioral studies revealed that forces are adjusted, on a trial-to-trial basis, as a function of digit position. This suggests a role of online feedback that detects digit position, rather than memory, for force control. However, despite the ubiquitous nature of unconstrained hand-object interactions in activities of daily living, the underlying neural mechanisms are unknown. Using non-invasive brain stimulation and electroencephalography, we found the role of M1 to be sensitive to grasping condition. While confirming the role of M1 in storing and retrieving learned digit forces and position in ‘constrained’ grasping, we also found that M1 is involved in modulating digit forces to digit position in unconstrained grasping. Furthermore, we found that digit force modulation to position relies on sensorimotor integration mediated by primary sensory cortex (S1) and M1. This finding supports the notion of a greater contribution of somatosensory feedback of digit position in unconstrained grasping. We conclude that the relative contribution of memory and online feedback based on whether contact points are constrained or unconstrained modulates sensorimotor cortical interactions for dexterous manipulation.
The preparation of cyclopentadecanone and cyclopentadecanolide from Malania oleifera Chum oil
Authors: Liu Pin , Liu Xiongmin , Lai Fang , Ma Li , Li Weiguang , Huang Pinxian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe macrocyclic musks are of central importance in the fragrance industry. The preparation of cyclopentadecanone and cyclopentadecanolide from Malania oleifera Chum oil were investigated. Preparation method of cyclopentadecanone is three steps process: first fatty acid double bonds of Malania oleifera Chum oil are cut off by ozonolysis; second ozonides are converted into methyl esters by esterification; afterwards cyclopentadecanone was achieved from through acyloin condensation, reduction and separation with 38.5 % overall yield. The preparation coyfclopentadecanolide is two step process: first by ozonolysis triglycerides of ω-hydroxycarboxylic acids synthesized from malania oleifera chum oil by ozonolysis; and it were catalytically transformed to macrocyctic lactones, and a 63% yield of cyclopentadecanolide was obtained. The effect of different ester groups on cyclization of α,ω-difatty acid alkyl ester, and effect of catalysts on cyclization of ω-hydroxycarboxylic acid triglyceride were investigated.
The politics of development in Palau
Authors: Thomas Erin 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe Republic of Palau in the Micronesian region of the Pacific illuminates the complexities of how the political geography of development is shaped through diplomacy, defense and migration policy. The Compact of Free Association (COFA) between Palau and the US has been a topic of debate and for some resistance.Design/methodology/approachThrough discursive analysis of grey literature and post-development and political geography frameworks, this paper analyzes the way in which development, through unconventional pathways, is used to exert power by Palau’s largest donor, the US.FindingsThe donor–recipient, government-to-government framework fails to explore the ways in development is used as power through military operations, zonal capitalism, redefined citizenship and tourism as new aid modalities. These graduated sovereignties in Palau show that political geography is taking shape through new pathways of development, which has resulted in more actors, institutions and discourses.Originality/valueWith limited research on the region of Micronesia and particularly the politics of development, this paper contributes important analysis to the lead up to the COFA renewal negotiations between the US and Palau in 2024.
The strong, the weak and the meaningful
Authors: Patulny Roger , Ramia Gaby , Feng Zhuqin , Peterie Michelle , Marston Greg 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Governments increasingly promote employment through social networks (whether via formal job networks or informal personal networks). However, they rarely account for how weak-tie “bridging” networks and strong-tie “bonding” networks differentially affect employment outcomes. Given criticism that (usually weak-tie bridging-focussed) formal job networks are overly focussed on finding entry-level (i.e. any) jobs, it is imperative to understand the impact of strong and weak ties on securing work with good conditions, or of meaning to the worker. Such links are poorly understood in the present literature. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses national Australian survey data to assess whether support from close “friends” or distant “acquaintances” is associated with employment outcomes such as finding any work or “meaningful” work.

Findings
The results show that relatively distant ties (close acquaintances) and emotional support from friends are each associated with reduced chances of being an unemployed/discouraged worker. Stronger ties (close friends) are associated with better chances of a having a “meaningful” job.

Practical implications
More attention should be paid to tie strength dynamics and meaningful employment outcomes in the delivery of employment services. In particular, a role for active “close-tie brokers” in promoting networks should be investigated, instead of expecting/pushing the unemployed to rely on either extremely close or distant connections.

Originality/value
This is the first study to find a link between network type and meaningful work, which has important implications for the delivery of employment services.
Next generation engagement: Setting a research agenda for community engagement in Australia's infrastructure sector
Authors: Bice Sara , Neely Kate , Einfeld Colette 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe global infrastructure sector is thriving. But community opposition to major projects is also rising. Australian examples demonstrate the policy backflips, reputational pitfalls, and financial costs of project delays and cancellations. Failures to engage communities are surprising, given the widespread adoption of community engagement (CE) principles and the increasing professionalization of CE roles. If acceptance of the need for CE in infrastructure is more widespread than ever, why are we not seeing smoother project delivery, reduced protest, and cost savings? This paradox is the driving force behind the Next Generation Engagement project. This article offers a practitioners’ perspective to introduce the project and present key findings from its 12‐month pilot study aiming to establish a transdisciplinary, industry‐led research agenda for CE in Australia's infrastructure sector. The article contributes to our understanding of CE literature and research codesign. It maps out the top five priority themes for future research to support infrastructure selection, planning and delivery. The research agenda provides guidance for policy, and practice, offering consolidated, research‐based insights for policymakers and practitioners.
Phase I/II Pilot Study of Wilms' Tumor 1 Peptide‐Pulsed Dendritic Cell Vaccination Combined With Conventional Chemotherapy in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Ogasawara Masahiro , Miyashita Mamiko , Yamagishi Yuka , Ota Shuichi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe prognosis of metastatic or relapsed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains poor despite the introduction of immune checkpoint blockade agents. We aimed to investigate the safety and the feasibility of a vaccination with Wilms' tumor 1 peptide‐loaded dendritic cells (DCs) and OK‐432 adjuvant combined with conventional chemotherapy. Eleven eligible patients with metastatic or relapsed HNSCC were enrolled. No severe adverse events related to a vaccination were observed. Five patients had durable stable disease and six other patients had disease progression after DC vaccination. Median progression‐free survival and overall survival was 6.4 months and 12.1 months, respectively. DC vaccination augmented Wilms' tumor 1‐specific immunity which might be related to clinical outcome. These results indicate that DC‐based immunotherapy combined with a conventional chemotherapy is safe and feasible for patients in advanced stage of HNSCC.
Evaluating a 24‐year tuberculosis screening in first‐grade elementary schoolers in a low‐burden area
Authors: Trachanatzi E , Ladomenou F , Galanakis E 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimEarly diagnosis of tuberculosis infection can significantly contribute to the control of the disease. The aim of the present study was to describe the tuberculin skin test (TST) trends over a 24‐year period (1990–2013) and explore the value of universal tuberculosis screening in a low‐burden area.MethodsAll first graders that underwent TST during the 24‐year study period (1990–2013) on the island of Crete, Greece, were retrospectively included in the study.ResultsA total of 82 402 children (92.3% of Greek nationality; 51.0% male) underwent TST, of whom 335 (0.41%, 95% CI 0.37–0.46) were found to have positive TST while 0.27% of the study population had a TST between 5 and 9 mm. The tuberculin index declined significantly between 1990–1994 and 2010–2013 (0.67 vs 0.26; RR 2.73, 95% CI 1.82–4.09; p < 0.0001). Positive TST result was significantly higher in the immigrant than the native group (0.66% vs 0.24%; RR 3.76 95%, CI 2.89–4.84; p < 0.0001). In the last study years, 386 children (488 native; 153 immigrant) should be tested for one to be found TST positive.ConclusionOur findings question the massive tuberculin testing in low‐burden areas and point to selective screening of high‐risk groups.
The Resilient Organisation: A Meta‐Analysis of the Effect of Communication on Team Diversity and Team Performance
Authors: Bui Hong , Chau Vinh Sum , Degl'Innocenti Marta , Leone Ludovica , Vicentini Francesca 
Published: April 2019

The Input‐Process‐Output framework is adopted to examine the impact of diversity attributes (the input) on communication (the process) and their influence on performance (the output), to understand the internal group/team working mechanisms of organisational resilience. A meta‐analysis of 174 correlations from 35 empirical studies undertaken over 35 years (1982–2017) showed that members of a team who have different experiences are more likely to share information and communicate openly when they deal with a task that requires collaboration outside the team. This supports the view that organisations are more resilient by being more closely connected with the external environment. Differences in social categories tend to favour openness of communication, especially in the case of age diversity and race/ethnicity diversity. An increase in openness of communication is likely to enhance team performance, particularly for small and medium‐sized teams operating in manufacturing industries, while frequency of communication can be beneficial for both large and medium‐sized teams working in the high technology industry. The positive workings of these associations form the resilient organisation.
Efficacious dose of metformin for breast cancer therapy is determined by cation transporter expression in tumours
Authors: Cai Hao , Everett Ruth S. , Thakker Dhiren R. 
Published: April 2019

Background and PurposeIt has been extensively reported that the leading anti‐diabetic drug, metformin, exerts significant anticancer effects. This hydrophilic, cationic drug requires cation transporters for cellular entry where it activates its intracellular target, the AMPK signalling pathway. However, clinical results on metformin therapy (used at antidiabetic doses) for breast cancer are ambiguous. It is likely that the antidiabetic dose is inadequate in patients that have breast tumours with low cation transporter expression, resulting in non‐responsiveness to the drug. We postulate that cation transporter expression and metformin dose are key determinants in its antitumour efficacy in breast cancer.Experimental ApproachAntitumour efficacy of metformin was compared between low cation transporter‐expressing MCF‐7 breast tumours and MCF‐7 tumours overexpressing organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3‐MCF7). A dose–response relationship of metformin in combination with standard‐of‐care paclitaxel (for oestrogen receptor‐positive MCF‐7 breast tumours) or carboplatin (for triple‐negative MDA‐MB‐468 breast tumours) was investigated in xenograft mice.Key ResultsMetformin had greater efficacy against tumours with higher cation transporter expression, as observed in OCT3‐MCF7 versus MCF‐7 tumours and MDA‐MB‐468 versus MCF‐7 tumours. In MCF‐7 tumours, a threefold higher metformin dose was required to achieve intratumoural exposure that was comparable to exposure in MDA‐MB‐468 tumours and enhance antitumour efficacy of standard‐of‐care in MCF‐7 tumours versus MDA‐MB‐468 tumours. Antitumour efficacy correlated with intratumoural AMPK activation and metformin concentration.Conclusions and ImplicationsAn efficacious metformin dose for breast cancer varies among tumour subtypes based on cation transporter expression, which provides a useful guide for dose selection.
The thickness of labial bone affects the esthetics of immediate implant placement and provisionalization in the esthetic zone: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Xingmei , Zhou Tengfei , Zhou Nan , Man Yi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundA 1‐2 mm thick labial plate is generally advocated in immediate implant placement and provisionalization (IIPP). However, most of the human labial plates fail to meet this requirement.PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the effect of labial plate thickness on hard tissue, soft tissue, and esthetic outcomes in IIPP.Materials and MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, 40 patients received IIPP of 50 single‐crown implants in the anterior maxilla. Patients were categorized into three groups according to their presurgical thickness of labial bone: 0‐0.5, 0.5‐1, and ≥ 1 mm. CBCT, mucosa recession and the papilla index were used to analyze labial hard and soft tissue alterations with a 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsAt 1 year, OCI bone losses were 1.17 ± 0.73, 0.37 ± 0.39, 0.46 ± 0.35 mm; ICH bone losses were 2.23 ± 1.83, 0.74 ± 0.71, 0.72 ± 1.27 mm; TM recessions were 1.00 ± 0.51, −0.06 ± 0.37, −0.30 ± 0.88 mm; TL recessions were 0.61 ± 1.02, −0.18 ± 0.40, −0.26 ± 1.15 mm; TD recessions were 0.61 ± 1.02, −0.18 ± 0.40, −0.26 ± 1.15 mm; PIS scores were 1.63 ± 0.64, 2.20 ± 0.71, 2.71 ± 0.57 in group 0‐0.5, 0.5‐1 and ≥ 1 mm, respectively. No statistical significance was found between group 0.5‐1 and ≥ 1 mm in bone resorption, gingival recession, and papilla index. The bone resorption and gingival recession were significantly the highest in group 0‐0.5 mm at 6 months and 1 year.ConclusionsGroup 0.5‐1 mm had similar tissue dimensional alteration as group ≥1 mm, while group <0.5 mm suffered more massive bone resorption and gingival recession. Concerning the thickness of the labial plate, this study may suggest an expansion in the indication of IIPP.