bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
« Faire communauté »
Authors: Torre Angelo 
Published: May 2019

RésuméL’article aborde l’étude des procédures de généralisation à partir des conditions de production de sources dans la société d’Ancien Régime. L’imbrication des juridictions et une culture juridique de la possession donnent lieu à des transcriptions visant à la légitimation des pratiques des acteurs sociaux. Cette approche conduit à proposer une nouvelle interprétation de la confrérie du Saint-Esprit, une association à base territoriale et segmentaire qui gaspillait ses modestes revenus en nature en banquets traditionnels de la Pentecôte. Si on lit ces associations à l’échelle topographique et si on les met en relation avec la morphologie polycentrique et fragmentaire des villages, on s’aperçoit que ce type de confrérie était utilisé par des populations alpines du Piémont du XVIIIesiècle pour la « production de lieux ». À travers les pratiques de la charité et le langage du droit commun, les confréries du Saint-Esprit institutionnalisaient les relations entre proches et contrôlaient les relations sociales dans une région caractérisée par la migration saisonnière. Pour ses membres, la confrérie constituait le moyen de généraliser la singularité d’une organisation institutionnelle et sociale.
Analysis of influenza data generated by four epidemiological surveillance laboratories in Mexico, 2010–2016
Authors: Fernandes-Matano L. , Monroy-Muñoz I. E. , Bermúdez de León M. , Leal-Herrera Y. A. , Palomec-Nava I. D. , Ruíz-Pacheco J. A. , Escobedo-Guajardo B. L. , Marín-Budip C. , Santacruz-Tinoco C. E. , González-Ibarra J. , González-Bonilla C. R. , Muñoz-Medina J. E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe disease caused by the influenza virus is a global public health problem due to its high rates of morbidity and mortality. Thus, analysis of the information generated by epidemiological surveillance systems has vital importance for health decision making. A retrospective analysis was performed using data generated by the four molecular diagnostic laboratories of the Mexican Social Security Institute between 2010 and 2016. Demographics, influenza positivity, seasonality, treatment choices and vaccination status analyses were performed for the vaccine according to its composition for each season. In all cases, both the different influenza subtypes and different age groups were considered separately. The circulation of A/H1N1pdm09 (48.7%), influenza A/H3N2 (21.1%), influenza B (12.6%), influenza A not subtyped (11%) and influenza A/H1N1 (6.6%) exhibited well-defined annual seasonality between November and March, and there were significant increases in the number of cases every 2 years. An inadequate use of oseltamivir was determined in 38% of cases, and the vaccination status in general varied between 12.1 and 18.5% depending on the season. Our results provide current information about influenza in Mexico and demonstrate the need to update both operational case definitions and medical practice guidelines to reduce the inappropriate use of antibiotics and antivirals.
Peaks and arrowheads of vernacular reorganization
Authors: Denis Derek , Gardner Matt Hunt , Brook Marisa , Tagliamonte Sali A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA key component of Labov's (2001:411) socially motivated projection model of language change is the hypothesis that adolescents and preadolescents undergo a process of vernacular reorganization, which leads to a “seamless” progression of changes in progress. Between the ages of approximately five and 17, children and adolescents increase the “frequency, extent, scope, or specificity” of changes in progress along the community trajectory (Labov, 2007:346). Evidence of advancement via vernacular reorganization during this life stage has come from peaks in the apparent-time trajectory of a change around the age of 17 (e.g., Labov, 2001; Tagliamonte & D'Arcy, 2009). However, such peaks do not rule out the alternative explanations of retrograde change or age-grading. This paper presents both apparent timeandreal-time evidence for vernacular reorganization. We observe the arrowhead formation—a counterpart of the adolescent peak—for quotativebe likein a trend study of adolescents and young adults in Toronto, Canada. Our results rule out the alternative explanations for previously observed adolescent peaks.
Anterior myocardial infarction in a patient with isolated left ventricular non-compaction
Authors: Celik Ibrahim Etem , Kilic Alparslan , Karadeniz Muhammed 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe presented a 55-year-old male patient with isolated left ventricular non-compaction who was admitted to our emergency department for chest pain and exertional dyspnoea. He was hospitalised due to anterior myocardial infarction, and during his assessment, isolated left ventricular non-compaction was diagnosed.
Relapsing versus non relapsing course of schizophrenia: a cohort study in a community based mental health service
Authors: Di Michele Vittorio , Bolino Francesca , Mazza Monica , Roncone Rita , Casacchia Massimo 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYAim- We examined the effect of several clinical variables on the tendency to relapse and to require hospitalization in a cohort of patients, living in the community and followed up naturalistically for seven years.Method- Forty-six patients affected by schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, according to both DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria, were assessed by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Life Skills Profile (LSP). All patients consecutively enrolled, were assessed in a stable clinical phase of illness and treated as usual by their reference psychiatrist. Social and clinical outcome was assessed yearly for seven years after the study entry and analyzed with survival analysis.Results- Patients who did not relapse, were characterized by higher functioning, lower positive symptoms, higher ability in self-care and non-turbulence and higher IQ at their baseline clinical evaluation. These variables were entered in a Cox regression model to corroborate the predictive power on the relapsing course of illness. Only IQ and non-turbulence scores of LSP were entered in the equation (Wald method: p=0.007 and p=0.002 respectively).Conclusions- Several factors interact with the course of illness and influence the tendency to require hospitalization. In the present study we report that non-turbulence is a significant predictor of a non-relapsing course of illness. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of other mediating variables.Declaration of Interest: none.
Decision-Making as a Latent Construct and its Measurement Invariance in a Large Sample of Adolescent Cannabis Users
Authors: Pacheco-Colón Ileana , Hawes Samuel W. , Duperrouzel Jacqueline C. , Lopez-Quintero Catalina , Gonzalez Raul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective:Relative to the vast literature that employs measures of decision-making (DM), rigorous examination of their psychometric properties is sparse. This study aimed to determine whether three measures of DM assess the same construct, and to measure invariance of this construct across relevant covariates.Method:Participants were 372 adolescents at risk of escalation in cannabis use. DM was assessed via four indices from the Cups Task, Game of Dice Task (GDT), and Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). We used confirmatory factor analysis to assess unidimensionality of the DM construct, and moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA) to examine its measurement invariance.Results:The unidimensional model of DM demonstrated good fit. MNLFA results revealed that sex influenced mean DM scores, such that boys had lower risk-taking behaviors. There was evidence of differential item functioning (DIF), such that IQ and age moderated the IGT intercept and GDT factor loading, respectively. Significant effects were retained in the final model, which produced participant-specific DM factor scores. These scores showed moderate stability over time.Conclusions:Indices from three DM tasks loaded significantly onto a single factor, suggesting that these DM tasks assess a single underlying construct. We suggest that this construct represents the ability to make optimal choices that maximize rewards in the presence of risk. Our final DM factor accounts for DIF caused by covariates, making it comparable across adolescents with different characteristics. (JINS, 2019,25, 661–667)
Seismic and Geodetic Evidences of a Hydrothermal Source in the Md 4.0, 2017, Ischia Earthquake (Italy)
Authors: Calderoni Giovanna , Di Giovambattista Rita , Pezzo Giuseppe , Albano Matteo , Atzori Simone , Tolomei Cristiano , Ventura Guido 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeismic events characterize active hydrothermal and volcanic areas and may be due to magma/fluid migration, hydrothermal pressurization, gravitational instability, and local tectonics. On 21 August 2017, an Md 4.0 earthquake occurred at Ischia volcanic island (Italy), within an active hydrothermal system. We analyze seismic, Global Positioning System, and interferometric synthetic aperture radar data to shed light on the source mechanism of such an event. The low‐frequency content (2 Hz), the low stress drop (0.01 MPa), and a low S/P spectral ratio suggest the involvement of fluids in the source mechanism. The focal mechanism suggests a mixed shear‐tensile (opening) rupture with the P first arrivals showing up movements in the nearest stations. Geodetic data describe an E‐W elongated area of coseismic subsidence overlapping a WSW‐ENE fault bounding the hydrothermal reservoir at depth. The modeled deformation field is consistent with a two‐source model consisting of a WSW‐ESE striking, north dipping normal fault, and a closing subhorizontal crack. This closure immediately followed an initial opening related to a fluid pressurization event responsible for the earthquake. We show that moderate magnitude earthquakes in active hydrothermal areas may be associated with the pressurization/depressurization cycles of a hydrothermal reservoir due to self‐sealing processes and not to the arrival of new fluids from depth. Other events like that recorded at Ischia, which have affected the island in historical times, are not necessarily associated with ‘volcanic unrest’ episodes and imply the occurrence of fault‐valve mechanisms. Therefore, the dynamics of hydrothermal systems must be taken into account in the seismic hazard evaluation.
Drizzle and Turbulence Below Closed Cellular Marine Stratocumulus Clouds
Authors: Ghate Virendra P. , Cadeddu Maria P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDrizzle is ubiquitous in marine boundary layer stratocumulus clouds with much of it evaporating before reaching the surface. Ten days of observations made at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement's Eastern North Atlantic site during closed cellular stratocumulus cloud conditions are used to characterize drizzle below the cloud base and its impact on the boundary layer turbulence. Cloud and drizzle microphysical and macrophysical properties were retrieved by combining the data from vertically pointing Doppler cloud radar, ceilometer, and microwave radiometer. On average, the drizzle shafts were 28.14 km wide, with cloud base rain rate and modal diameter of 0.98 mm/day and 138.62 μm, respectively. The rain rate at the surface was negligible yielding an average diabatic cooling of −28.68 W/m2 in the subcloud layer. The liquid water path and turbulence within the boundary layer increased with an increase in the cloud top radiative cooling; however, none of these variables exhibited any relationship with cloud base rain rate. For a similar amount of radiative cooling at the cloud top, the average variance of vertical velocity in the subcloud layer was about 16% lower during strongly precipitating conditions as compared to lightly precipitating conditions. The reduction in the variance of vertical velocity due to drizzle evaporation was primarily confined to the upper half of the subcloud layer and was due to reduction in the strengths of the downdrafts. Collectively, our results show substantial impact of drizzle evaporation on turbulence below stratocumulus clouds, necessitating its accurate representation in the Earth system models.
Model‐Space Localization in Serial Ensemble Filters
Authors: Shlyaeva Anna , Whitaker Jeffrey S. , Snyder Chris 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEnsemble‐based data assimilation systems typically use covariance localization to dampen spurious correlations associated with sampling error while increasing the rank of the covariance estimate. Variational methods use model‐space localization, in which localization is applied to ensemble estimates of covariances between model variables and is based on distances between those variables, while ensemble filters apply observation‐space localization to estimates of model‐observation covariances, based on distances between model variables and observations. It has been shown that for nonlocal observations, such as satellite radiances, model‐space localization can be superior. This paper demonstrates a new method for performing model‐space localization in serial ensemble filters using the linearized observation operators (or Jacobians). Results of radiance‐only assimilation in a global forecast system show the benefit of using model‐space localization relative to observation‐space localization. The serial ensemble square root filter with vertical model‐space localization gives results similar to those of the Ensemble Variational system (without outer loops or extra balance constraints) while increasing the runtime compared to the filter with observation‐space localization by a factor between 2 and 8, depending on how sparse the Jacobian matrices are. The results are also similar to another approach to model‐space localization in ensemble filters: ensemble Kalman filter with modulated ensembles.
Soil Physical, Hydraulic, and Thermal Properties in Interior Alaska, USA: Implications for Hydrologic Response to Thawing Permafrost Conditions
Authors: Ebel Brian A. , Koch Joshua C. , Walvoord Michelle A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBoreal forest regions are a focal point for investigations of coupled water and biogeochemical fluxes in response to wildfire disturbances, climate warming, and permafrost thaw. Soil hydraulic, physical, and thermal property measurements for mineral soils in permafrost regions are limited, despite substantial influences on cryohydrogeologic model results. This work expands mineral soil property quantification in cold regions through soil characterization from the discontinuous permafrost zone of interior Alaska, USA. Values extend beyond the range of prior measurement magnitudes in analogous regions, highlighting the importance of this data set. Rocky and silty upland soil landscape classifications and wildfire disturbance provided guiding frameworks for the sampling and analysis for potential implications for the hydrologic response to thawing permafrost. Bulk density (ρb), soil organic matter, soil‐particle size distributions (sand, silt, and gravel fractions), and soil hydraulic properties of van Genuchten parameters alpha and N had moderate evidence of differences between silty and rocky classifications. Burned and unburned sites had only moderate evidence of differences for silt fraction. Field‐saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) was more variable at burned sites compared to unburned sites, which corresponded to observations of greater rooting depths at burned sites and observations of root paths in soil cores for Kfs measurement. Soil thermal properties suggested that gravel content may reduce the accuracy of commonly used estimation methods for thermal conductivity. This work provides soil parameter constraints necessary for hypothesis testing and site‐specific prediction with cryohydrogeologic models to examine controls on active layer and permafrost dynamics in upland boreal forests.
Implications of a Varying Observational Network for Accurately Estimating Recent Climate Trends
Authors: Singh Deepti 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGridded data sets that are widely used to characterize recent historical trends in regional and global climate are derived from a temporally varying and spatially inhomogeneous observational network. Lin and Huybers (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079709) demonstrate that such network variations underlying two widely used precipitation data sets have biased trends in mean and extreme rainfall over India. I highlight similar concerns raised by studies over other regions and discuss the implications for climate change research. Evaluating uncertainties arising from such nonclimatic factors requires access to underlying station data that is currently unavailable for several vulnerable regions but is critical for accurately characterizing recent climate change and evaluating climate models.
The Impact of Modified Fractional Cloud Condensate to Precipitation Conversion Parameter in Revised Simplified Arakawa‐Schubert Convection Parameterization Scheme on the Simulation of Indian Summer Monsoon and Its Forecast Application on an Extreme Rainfall Event Over Mumbai
Authors: Ganai Malay , Krishna R. P. M. , Tirkey Snehlata , Mukhopadhyay P. , Mahakur M. , Han Ji‐Young 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe impact of modified fractional conversion parameter (from cloud condensate to precipitation) in the revised simplified Arakawa‐Schubert (RSAS) convection scheme in Climate Forecast System version 2 on the simulation of Indian summer monsoon (ISM) is examined. While the default fractional conversion parameter is constant in RSAS, the modified parameter has the form of an exponential function of temperature above the freezing level, whereas below the freezing, level it is kept constant. The model simulation indicates RSAS with modified conversion parameter (RSAS_mod) shows a better fidelity in capturing the mean monsoon features over the ISM region. The spatial distribution of precipitation shows notable improvement over the ISM region. Most of the global general circulation models has a tendency to grossly overestimate (underestimate) the convective (large‐scale) rainfall over the ISM region, which has somewhat improved in RSAS_mod simulation. It is suggested that reduced rate of conversion of cloud condensate to convective precipitation above the freezing level leads to suppression of convective precipitation, which further increases the detrained moisture from the upper‐level, resulting enhancement in large‐scale precipitation. Further, improvement has been noted in outgoing longwave radiation, wind circulation, total cloud fraction, and dynamical and thermodynamical processes in RSAS_mod simulation. The modified conversion parameter helps in improving the feedback between moisture and convective processes through better lower tropospheric moistening. In addition to mean summer monsoon, the RSAS_mod indicates its potential in predicting an extreme rainfall event over Mumbai in high‐resolution global forecast system at T1534 horizontal resolution. However, its fidelity needs to be further tested for more number of heavy rainfall events.
Spatial and Diurnal Variations of Summer Hourly Rainfall Over Three Super City Clusters in Eastern China and Their Possible Link to the Urbanization
Authors: Fu Xinshu , Yang Xiu‐Qun , Sun Xuguang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThree super city clusters in eastern China, that is, Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei (BTH), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and Pearl River Delta (PRD), have been developed in recent decades. The spatial and diurnal variations of summer hourly rainfall over these city clusters and their possible link to the urbanization are investigated in this study, with the Climate Prediction Center Morphing technique (CMORPH) satellite precipitation estimates at high spatial‐temporal resolutions for 2004‐2009. Although the summer rainfall in eastern China is mainly characterized by large‐scale pattern, significant regional rainfall features over the three city clusters can be clearly observed, which are related to the clustered urbanization. Large hourly rainfall intensity is found over the city clusters or downwind from them. Those regions with large hourly rainfall intensity are named as the city cluster impacted regions (CCIRs), contrast to the surrounding mountainous regions where high frequency and large amount but low hourly intensity of rainfall occur. Location and geometry of each CCIR are unique because of the distinctive geography and structures among city clusters. The CCIR situates right over YRD, but it is shifted to the downwind region with an elongated shape for BTH and a circular shape for PRD. More heavy rain but less light rain occurs over the CCIRs than the surrounding regions. Diurnal variations of light rain amount and frequency can be influenced by both mountain and urbanization, and a diurnal cycle amplitude increase related to the urbanization is detected only over the CCIR of YRD where the terrains are mostly low and flat.
Whole-genome sequencing reveals novel tandem-duplication hotspots and a prognostic mutational signature in gastric cancer
Authors: Xing Rui , Zhou Yong , Yu Jun , Yu Yingyan , Nie Yongzhan , Luo Wen , Yang Chao , Xiong Teng , Wu William K. K. , Li Zhongwu , Bing Yang , Lin Shuye , Zhang Yaping , Hu Yingqi , Li Lin , Han Lijuan , Yang Chen , Huang Shaogang , Huang Suiping , Zhou Rui , Li Jing , Wu Kaichun , Fan Daiming , Tang Guangbo , Dou Jianhua , Zhu Zhenggang , Ji Jiafu , Fang Xiaodong , Lu Youyong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGenome-wide analysis of genomic signatures might reveal novel mechanisms for gastric cancer (GC) tumorigenesis. Here, we analysis structural variations (SVs) and mutational signatures via whole-genome sequencing of 168 GCs. Our data demonstrates diverse models of complex SVs operative in GC, which lead to high-level amplification of oncogenes. We find varying proportion of tandem-duplications (TDs) among individuals and identify 24 TD hotspots involving well-established cancer genes such as CCND1, ERBB2 and MYC. Specifically, we nominate a novel hotspot involving the super-enhancer of ZFP36L2 presents in approximately 10% GCs from different cohorts, the oncogenic role of which is further confirmed by experimental data. In addition, our data reveal a mutational signature, specifically occurring in noncoding region, significantly enriched in tumors with cadherin 1 mutations, and associated with poor prognoses. Collectively, our data suggest that TDs might serve as an important mechanism for cancer gene activation and provide a novel signature for stratification.
Four-fold increase in solar forcing on snow in western U.S. burned forests since 1999
Authors: Gleason Kelly E. , McConnell Joseph R. , Arienzo Monica M. , Chellman Nathan , Calvin Wendy M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractForest fires are increasing across the American West due to climate warming and fire suppression. Accelerated snow melt occurs in burned forests due to increased light transmission through the canopy and decreased snow albedo from deposition of light-absorbing impurities. Using satellite observations, we document up to an annual 9% growth in western forests burned since 1984, and 5 day earlier snow disappearance persisting for >10 years following fire. Here, we show that black carbon and burned woody debris darkens the snowpack and lowers snow albedo for 15 winters following fire, using measurements of snow collected from seven forested sites that burned between 2002 and 2016. We estimate a 372 to 443% increase in solar energy absorbed by snowpacks occurred beneath charred forests over the past two decades, with enhanced post-fire radiative forcing in 2018 causing earlier melt and snow disappearance in > 11% of forests in the western seasonal snow zone.