bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing accretion of ambient cloud material into the Taurus B211/B213 filament
Authors: Shimajiri Y. , André Ph. , Palmeirim P. , Arzoumanian D. , Bracco A. , Könyves V. , Ntormousi E. , Ladjelate B. 
Published: December 2018

Context. Herschelobservations have emphasized the role of molecular filaments in star formation. However, the origin and evolution of these filaments are not yet well understood, partly because of the lack of kinematic information.Aims.We confirm from a kinematic viewpoint that the Taurus B211/B213 filament is accreting background cloud material, and we investigate the potential influence of large-scale external effects on the formation of the filament.Methods.To examine whether the B211/B213 filament is accreting background gas because of its gravitational potential, we produced a toy accretion model and compared its predictions to the velocity patterns observed in12CO (1–0) and13CO (1–0). We also examined the spatial distributions of Hα,Planck857 GHz dust continuum, and HI emission to search for evidence of large-scale external effects.Results.We estimate that the depth of the Taurus cloud around the B211/B213 filament is ~0.3–0.7 pc under the assumption that the density of the gas is the same as the critical density of13CO (1–0). Compared to a linear extent of >10 pc in the plane of the sky, this suggests that the 3D morphology of the cloud surrounding the B211/B213 filament is sheet-like. Position–velocity (PV) diagrams observed in12CO (1–0) and13CO (1–0) perpendicular to the filament axis show that the emission from the gas surrounding B211/B213 is redshifted to the northeast of the filament and blueshifted to the southwest, and that the velocities of both components approach the velocity of the B211/B213 filament as the line of sight approaches the crest of the filament. ThePVdiagrams predicted by our accretion model are in good agreement with the observed12CO (1–0) and13CO (1–0)PVdiagrams, supporting the previously proposed scenario of mass accretion into the filament. Moreover, inspection of the spatial distribution of the HαandPlanck857 GHz emission in the Taurus–California–Perseus region on scales up to >200 pc suggests that the B211/B213 filament may have formed as a result of an expanding supershell generated by the Per OB2 association.Conclusions.Based on these results, we propose a scenario in which the B211/B213 filament was initially formed by large-scale compression of HI gas and is now growing in mass by gravitationally accreting molecular gas of the ambient cloud.
Laboratory spectroscopic study of isotopic thioformaldehyde, H2CS, and determination of its equilibrium structure
Authors: Müller Holger S. P. , Maeda Atsuko , Thorwirth Sven , Lewen Frank , Schlemmer Stephan , Medvedev Ivan R. , Winnewisser Manfred , De Lucia Frank C. , Herbst Eric 
Published: December 2018

Context.Thioformaldehyde is an abundant molecule in various regions of the interstellar medium. However, available laboratory data limit the accuracies of calculated transition frequencies in the submillimeter region, in particular for minor isotopic species.Aims.We aim to determine spectroscopic parameters of isotopologs of H2CS that are accurate enough for predictions well into the submillimeter region.Methods.We investigated the laboratory rotational spectra of numerous isotopic species in natural isotopic composition almost continuously between 110 and 377 GHz. Individual lines were studied for most species in two frequency regions between 566 and 930 GHz. Further data were obtained for the three most abundant species in the 1290−1390 GHz region.Results.New or improved spectroscopic parameters were determined for seven isotopic species. Quantum-chemical calculations were carried out to evaluate the differences between ground state and equilibrium rotational parameters to derive semi-empirical equilibrium structural parameters.Conclusions.The spectroscopic parameters are accurate enough for predictions well above 1 THz with the exception of H213C34S where the predictions should be reliable to around 700 GHz.
Convective blueshifts in the solar atmosphere
Authors: Stief F. , Löhner-Böttcher J. , Schmidt W. , Steinmetz T. , Holzwarth R. 
Published: December 2018

Context. Granular convective motions reach into the lower solar atmosphere, typically causing photospheric spectral lines to exhibit a differential line shift. This Doppler shift to shorter wavelengths is commonly known as convective blueshift.
Aims. Spectroscopic high-accuracy measurements provide us with a refined determination of the absolute convective blueshift and its atmospheric distribution from disk center to the solar limb.
Methods. We performed systematic observations of the quiet Sun with the Laser Absolute Reference Spectrograph (LARS) at the German Vacuum Tower Telescope. The solar disk was scanned along the meridian and the equator, from the disk center toward the limb. The solar spectrum around 6173 Å was calibrated with a laser frequency comb on an absolute wavelength scale with an accuracy of a few meters per second. We applied a bisector analysis on the spectral lines to reveal the changes of convective blueshift and line asymmetry at different heliocentric positions.
Results. Being a signature for convective motions, the bisector curve of Fe I 6173.3 Å describes a “C”-shape at disk center. When approaching the solar limb, the bisector transforms into a “\”-shape. The analysis of the time- and bisector-averaged line shifts yields three distinct results. Firstly, the center-to-limb variation of Doppler velocities measured with LARS reveals a significant discrepancy (up to 200 m s−1) to the full-disk Dopplergrams of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI). Secondly, we obtained a significant decrease of convective blueshift toward the solar limb. Thirdly, the line-of-sight effect of solar activity, including p-mode oscillations and supergranular flows, leads to a scatter of up to ±100 m s−1 at intermediate heliocentric positions.
Conclusions. The accurate observation of the absolute convective blueshift with LARS allows the identification of systematic discrepancy with Doppler velocities measured by HMI. The center-to-limb variation of HMI suffers from an additional blueshift for μ <  0.9 that is incompatible with our results. LARS measurements can be taken as a reference for the correction of systematic errors in the synoptic HMI Dopplergrams.
qpower2: A fast and accurate algorithm for the computation of exoplanet transit light curves with the power-2 limb-darkening law
Authors: Maxted P. F. L. , Gill S. 
Published: December 2018

Context. The power-2 law, Iλ( μ) = 1 − c(1−μα), accurately represents the limb-darkening profile for cool stars. It has been implemented in a few transit models to-date using numerical integration but there is as-yet no implementation of the power-2 law in analytic form that is generally available.
Aims. Our aim is to derive an analytic approximation that can be used to quickly and accurately calculate light curves of transiting exoplanets using the power-2 limb-darkening law.
Methods. An algorithm to implement the power-2 law is derived using a combination of an approximation to the required integral and a Taylor expansion of the power-2 law. The accuracy of stellar and planetary radii derived by fitting transit light curves with this approximation is tested using light curves computed by numerical integration of limb-darkening profiles from 3D stellar model atmospheres.
Results. Our algorithm (qpower2) is accurate to about 100 ppm for broad-band optical light curves of systems with a star-planet radius ratio p = 0.1. The implementation requires less than 40 lines of python code so can run extremely fast on graphical processing units (GPUs; ∼1 million models per second for the analysis of 1000 data points). Least-squares fits to simulated light curves show that the star and planet radius are recovered to better than 1% for p <  0.2.
Conclusions. The qpower2 algorithm can be used to efficiently and accurately analyse large numbers of high-precision transit light curves using Monte Carlo methods.
Augmented Reality und Virtual Reality im Operationssaal – Status Quo und Quo vadis
Authors: Sparwasser Peter , Schoeb Dominik , Miernik Arkadiusz , Borgmann Hendrik 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Virtual Reality (VR) ist die künstlich simulierte Umgebung, mit der eine Interaktion möglich ist. Die Augmented Reality (AR) hingegen überlagert reale und künstliche Informationen. Beide Verfahren sind im Klinikalltag bereits vielerorts integriert und werden zunehmend auch für den chirurgischen Sektor beworben. Welche Möglichkeiten die vielfältigen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten bieten, ist dabei vielen Ärzten unklar.
Ziel Erfassung der aktuellen und zukünftigen Verwendung von AR und VR im perioperativen Umfeld sowie die Veranschaulichung der zu erwartenden Verbesserungen und Probleme durch diese neuen Technologien.Methoden: Systematische Literaturrecherche der Medizinbibliothek PubMed mit Inklusion von Reviews, die Bezug nehmen auf das Thema AR und VR mit Fokus auf Artikel, die das perioperative Feld berühren. Schlagwörter waren: Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Telementoring, Telechirurgie („Telesurgery“). Zudem Durchführung einer Recherche innerhalb der Grauliteratur zur Analyse der Investitionsbereitschaft im Gesundheitswesen durch private Technologiekonzerne.
Resultate Zum Thema „Augmented Reality“ wurden 1222 Artikel bei 119 Reviews und zu „Virtual Reality“ 7766 Artikel bei 878 Reviews angezeigt. Die Anzahl der veröffentlichten Artikel ist dabei über die letzten Jahre hinweg stark zunehmend. 45 Artikel wurden eingeschlossen. Multiple AR- und VR-Geräte sind bereits im operativen Setting etabliert. Die nächsten vielversprechenden Anwendungsbereiche werden hier v. a. die intraoperative Überlagerung von bildgebenden Verfahren über AR-Geräte sowie das Telementoring und die vermehrte Anwendung im Bereich operativer bzw. anatomischer Ausbildung betreffen. Die zu erhoffenden Vorteile wie Senkung der Komplikationsrate, Kosteneinsparungen, flächendeckender Wissenszuwachs und Optimierung des chirurgischen Ergebnisses müssen erst in wissenschaftlichen Studien nachgewiesen werden. Aus der Recherche der Grauliteratur geht ein enormes finanzielles Bestreben der Technologiekonzerne in diesem Sektor hervor.
Schlussfolgerung AR und VR werden aufgrund ihres enormen Verbesserungspotenzials zunehmend in den perioperativen Sektor integriert. Dabei ist der Nutzen dieser Technologien für relevante Endpunkte weitestgehend unklar. Diese sollten in gut-designten klinischen Studien rigoros getestet werden. Ärzte sollten diese technische Revolution aktiv mitgestalten, um das enorme Potenzial von AR und VR zum Wohle ihrer Patienten auszuschöpfen.
The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials
Authors: Shahvazi Simin , Soltani Sepideh , Ahmadi Seyed , de Souza Russell , Salehi-Abargouei Amin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractVitamin D has received attention for its potential to disrupt cancer processes. However, its effect in the treatment of prostate cancer is controversial. This study aimed to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on patients with prostate cancer. In the present study, PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched up to September 2017 for trials that evaluated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on prostate specific antigen (PSA) response, mortality, and its possible side effects in participants with prostate cancer. The DerSimonian and Laird inverse-weighted random-effects model was used to pool the effect estimates. Twenty-two studies (16 before-after and 6 randomized controlled trials) were found and included in the meta-analysis. The analysis of controlled clinical trials revealed that PSA change from baseline [weighted mean difference (WMD)=–1.66 ng/ml, 95% CI: –0.69, 0.36, p=0.543)], PSA response proportion (RP=1.18, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.45, p=0.104) and mortality rate (risk ratio (RR)=1.05, 95% CI: 0.81–1.36; p=0.713) were not significantly different between vitamin D supplementation and placebo groups. Single arm trials revealed that vitamin D supplementation had a modest effect on PSA response proportion: 19% of those enrolled had at least a 50% reduction in PSA by the end of treatment (95% CI: 7% to 31%; p=0.002). Although before-after studies showed that vitamin D increases the PSA response proportion, it does not seem that patients with prostate cancer benefit from high dose vitamin D supplementation and it should not be recommended for the treatment.
Hypercortisolism in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study of 384 Newly Diagnosed Patients
Authors: Steffensen Charlotte , Dekkers Olaf , Lyhne Johanne , Pedersen Bodil , Rasmussen Finn , Rungby Jørgen , Poulsen Per , Jørgensen Jens 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCross-sectional studies in small and selected populations report a high prevalence of hypercortisolism in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), which could have therapeutic implications, if confirmed. We therefore estimated the prevalence of hypercortisolism in a large and unselected cohort of recently diagnosed T2D patients. Consecutive patients with recently diagnosed T2D first underwent an overnight dexamethasone (1 mg) suppression test (OD). Patients not suppressing serum cortisol ≤50 nmol/l proceeded with a 48-h low dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) and 24-h urinary free cortisol collection (UFC). Patients with elevated cortisol levels according to LDDST and/or UFC underwent imaging guided by plasma ACTH levels, and assessment of bone mineral density. A total of 384 T2D patients (232male/152 females) with a mean age of 60±10 years were included. Eighty-five (22%) patients suppressed incompletely to OD of whom 20 (5%) failed to suppress after LDDST and/or had elevated UFC (=hypercortisolism). Patients with hypercortisolism did not differ as regards age, BMI, HbA1c, T-score or blood pressure, but a higher proportion of them received antihypertensive treatment (100% vs. 64%, p=0.001). Imaging revealed adrenal adenoma(s) in 9 cases and a pituitary macroadenoma in 1 case. We found a 5% prevalence of hypercortisolism in unselected, recently diagnosed T2D, which was not associated with a persuasive cushingoid phenotype. The clinical implications are therefore uncertain.
Posttraumatic Headache
Authors: Dwyer Brigid 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPosttraumatic headaches are among the most challenging complaints after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). They are a debilitating problem experienced by patients after TBI of all severities. Up to 90% of mild TBI patients experience headache, particularly if female and with a premorbid history of primary headache. Tension headache has classically been the most common subtype, but in military populations migraine has dominated. Posttraumatic headache encompasses a spectrum of headache types that overlap heavily with common primary headache disorders, but also autonomic cephalgias as well as several secondary headache conditions. It is important to understand the evolution of postconcussion syndrome as a concept, and the challenges associated with diagnosing and treating multidomain drivers effectively. The first-line treatments for posttraumatic headache are typically the same as those used in nontraumatic headache, with additional considerations for cognitive side effects, posttraumatic epilepsy, and coexisting injuries resulting in neuropathic pain or medication overuse.
Bioabsorbable Steroid Eluting Stents in the Treatment of Recurrent Rathke's Cleft Cyst
Authors: Ference Elisabeth H. , Badran Karam W. , Kuan Edward C. , Bergsneider Marvin , Heaney Anthony P. , Wang Marilene B. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Objectives Bioabsorbable steroid eluting stents may prevent the stenosis of ostia after sinus surgery. We describe a technique utilizing this technology to prevent the reformation of Rathke's cleft cysts (RCC) after transnasal transsphenoidal surgical drainage.
Design This study is based on retrospective review.
Setting The research took place at Tertiary academic medical center.
Participants Patients who underwent endoscopic marsupialization of RCC with stent placement were participated in this study.
Main Outcome Measures Demographics, surgical history, outcomes, and complications were primary measures of this study.
Results Four patients underwent drainage of a recurrent RCC with subsequent stent placement. All patients consented to off-label use of the stent. The mean age of patients was 42 years old and the number of prior drainage procedures ranged from 1 to 3. The stent was placed directly into the opening of the cyst after drainage with no other tissue placed into the cyst cavity or opening. The stents are bioabsorbable and were not removed after surgery but were evaluated endoscopically at 2 and 6 weeks after surgery. The patients have been followed for a mean of 14 months after surgery with no evidence of recurrence on endoscopic exam or imaging. No patient had cerebrospinal fluid leak during or after the operation or permanent endocrinopathy.
Conclusion The use of a bioabsorbable steroid eluting stent had no unanticipated consequences and all drainage pathways of all the RCCs remain patent. The use of this technology may decrease recurrence rates in revision or complex cases where patients have extensive scarring of the operative field from prior drainage procedures. Further follow-up of the current cases and study in a larger cohort are warranted.
Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Review of Imaging, Patient Selection, and Management in the Endovascular Era. Part II: Patient Selection, Endovascular Thrombectomy, and Postprocedure Management
Authors: Kumar G G Sharath , Nagesh Chinmay 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAppropriate patient selection and expedient recanalization are the mainstay of modern management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Only a minority of patients (7–15%) of patients are eligible for endovascular therapy. Patient selection may be time based or perfusion based. Central to both paradigms is the selection of a patient with a small core, a significant penumbra that can be differentiated from areas of oligemia. A brief review of patient selection methods is presented. Endovascular thrombectomy techniques using stentrievers or aspiration catheters have now become the treatment of choice for AIS with large vessel occlusion. A range of devices, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, are available in the market for the neurointerventionist to choose. Techniques vary between devices and between operators, but standardization and protocolization are important within each center. Complications must be anticipated to be avoided. Once reperfusion is achieved, outcomes must be safeguarded with competent postprocedure management to prevent secondary brain injury. These aspects are reviewed in this article.
Diachronic and synchronic lexical interactions in the Italo-Balkan linguistic space
Authors: Altimari Francesco 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This contribution presents a case study in the intricate diachronic and synchronic interrelations between languages in the Italian and Balkan linguistic spaces. Words related to Latin lucanica (‘type of sausage’) are investigated and hypotheses on their pattern of diffusion are surveyed and discussed. Among other points, the contribution touches on the etymology of lucanica itself, the intermediation role of Byzantine Greek, the multiple outcomes of the word in the Romanian group, its present-day distribution in Italo-Romance and Arbëresh dialects.
Lexical-semantic analysis of the political language
Authors: Desideri Paola 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the studies on political language produced between 1960 and 1980. This is a very important period for research in this area, as it marks a significant development of lexical-semantic analysis concerning linguistic corpora, which are essential to the history of Europe. The speeches by the protagonists of the French Revolution, the totalitarian languages, the messages by last century parties and leaders, as well as the dictionaries and different political lexicon adopted by East and West Germany are notably the favoured subjects for semantic in-depth analysis, to understand the significant connotations and meaning effects.
Apparent temperature: demystifying the relation between quantum coherence, correlations, and heat flows
Authors: Latune C L , Sinayskiy I , Petruccione F 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Heat exchanges are the essence of Thermodynamics. In order to investigate non-equilibrium effects like quantum coherence and correlations in heat flows we introduce the concept of apparent temperature. Its definition is based on the expression of the heat flow between out-of-equilibrium quantum systems. Such apparent temperatures contain crucial information on the role and impact of correlations and coherence in heat exchanges. In particular, both behave as populations, affecting dramatically the population balance and therefore the apparent temperatures and the heat flows. We show how seminal results can be re-obtained, offering an interesting alternative point of view. We also present new predictions and suggest a simple experiment to test them. Our results show how quantum and non-equilibrium effects can be used advantageously, finding applications in quantum thermal machine designs and non-equilibrium thermodynamics but also in collective-effect phenomena.