bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microglial Heterogeneity in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Mass Cytometry Analysis
Authors: Fountain EM , Esparza TJ , Malkova O , Oh ST , Brody DL 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMicroglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, have been subject to intense scrutiny recently because of their implicated role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, as well as many other neurological conditions. However, little is known about the diversity of microglial phenotypes, apart from the clear recognition that the M1-M2 distinction is an oversimplification. We used mass cytometry, a high dimensional analog of flow cytometry involving mass spectrometry-based analyses of single cells bound with metal-tagged antibodies, to characterize the diversity of microglia isolated from the brains of 3xTg-AD mice at 12, 18, and 24 months of age. Antibodies to microglial surface antigens CD11b, CD11c, CD14, CD18, CD24, CD35, CD38, CD45, CD51, CD64, CD68, CD86, CD124, CD172a, CD200R, CD206, CD274, CD301, CX3CR1, F4-80, MERTK, MHC class II, Siglec F, and TLR4 as well as intracellular antigens Arginase-1, IL10, IL12p40, iNOS, NADPH Oxidase, TGF-beta, and TNF-alpha were conjugated to unique metal isotopes, and used for mass cytometry. Phenograph-based clustering of the resulting high dimensional datasets identified 28 cell clusters of widely varying sizes, including clearly discrete phenotypes as well as pseudo-continuous/fractal phenotypic diversity. Monte Carlo simulations involving random reshuffling of the datasets revealed very different and much more uniform clustering patterns. Furthermore, control analyses of mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells and brain microglia using the same markers revealed largely disjoint clusterings, indicating that these microglial clusters were not the result of peripheral blood contamination. Most of the microglial clusters were similar in samples from 3xTg-AD mice at all 3 ages, as well as from 12-month-old wild-type mice. The largest cluster expressed high levels of canonical microglial markers CD11b, CD11c, CD18, CD64, CD68, CD200R, CX3CR1, F4-80, NADPH oxidase, and TGF-beta but did not vary between experimental groups. However, 3 clusters did differ across experimental groups, one of which increased significantly with age in the 3xTg-AD mice as a fraction of the total microglial population. This cluster expressed high levels of CD18, CD38, CD45, CD86, and CD200R, but not other canonical markers. In summary, these mass cytometry-based analyses revealed previously uncharacterized microglial phenotypic heterogeneity in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. The specific roles of the putative subclasses of microglia, their relevance to human disease, and many other questions remain to be addressed.
Non-linear phenotypic variation uncovers the emergence of heterosis inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Vasseur François , Fouqueau Louise , Vienne Dominique de , Nidelet Thibault , Violle Cyrille , Weigel Detlef 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHeterosis describes the phenotypic superiority of hybrids over their parents in traits related to fitness. Understanding and predicting non-additive inheritance such as heterosis is crucial for evolutionary biology, as well as for plant and animal breeding. However, the physiological bases of heterosis remain debated. Moreover, empirical data in various species have shown that diverse genetic and molecular mechanisms are likely to explain heterosis, making it difficult to predict its emergence and amplitude from parental genotypes alone. In this study, we evaluated a model of physiological dominance proposed by Sewall Wright to explain the non-additive inheritance of metabolic fluxes at the cellular level. We used 450 hybrids derived from crosses among natural inbred accessions ofArabidopsis thalianato test Wright’s model for two fitness-related traits at the whole-plant level: growth rate and fruit number. We found that allometric relationships between traits constrain phenotypic variation in hybrids and inbreds to a similar extent. These allometric relationships behave predictably, in a non-linear manner, explaining up to 75% of heterosis amplitude, while genetic distance among parents at best explains 7%. Thus, our findings are consistent with Wright’s model of physiological dominance on plant performance, and suggest that the emergence of heterosis is an intrinsic property of non-linear relationships between traits. Furthermore, our study highlights the potential of a geometric approach of phenotypic relationships for predicting heterosis of two major components of crop productivity and yield.
Food safety assessment in India: modelling enablers
Authors: Shukla Seema , Singh Surya Prakash , Shankar Ravi 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The ever-widening competitive global markets demand food business to demonstrate safe food supplies across the world. The causes of food borne illness are complex to determine and require a careful evaluation of all stages of food supply chain and food safety practices. The purpose of this paper is to systematically investigate the factors responsible for the assessment of food supply chain and evaluation of food safety system in India.

Design/methodology/approach
The study utilizes a combination of qualitative and quantitative approach by exploring expert’s opinion systematically using a semi-structured interview followed by careful grouping of responses using the grounded theory approach to build the research theme. The prioritization of the critical factors is carried out using Pareto analysis. The methodological review was carried out to identify factors and categorize them based on their impact on hierarchical logical relationship using total interpretive structural modeling approach to determine the enablers.

Findings
This paper attempts to deliver an inimitable list of seven vital factors for the effective design of evaluation system for food safety practices. The study provides a careful insight on the issue pertaining to designing of assessment system including competence building for assessor and availability of well-defined technical protocol. The recommendation for developing a robust food safety inspection system by implementing stricter regulation, enhancing competence and design initiatives is provided.

Originality/value
The study provides a unique list of factors for the assessment of food safety practices and develops the relationship. Food safety assessment is an integral part of food safety study which is systematically explored and conceptualized in this paper. The study is carried out using the opinion of Indian experts.
Developing a causal model to evaluate the critical issues in reverse supply chain implementation
Authors: Chakraborty Kaustov , Mondal Sandeep , Mukherjee Kampan 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
Approximately, 800m tons of e-waste is generated per year in India. Reverse supply chain (RSC) is the probable strategy to cope up with the issue. Setting up a RSC process is not popular in the Indian sector. There are several factors that basically control the profitability of such kind of business. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to develop a causal model among the identified issues and sub-issues for setting up a RSC in an Indian semiconductor manufacturing industry and then evaluate the critical issues based on the causal relations.

Design/methodology/approach
Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method along fuzzy set theory is used to develop the causal framework among the identified strategical and tactical issues. According to the causal relations from DEMATEL, analytical network process is then used to identify the weights of the sub-issues.

Findings
The cause–effect interactions among the main issues show that legislations and regulations, market-related issues and organizational issue are the most significant strategic issues. Uncertainty in the acquisition time is the most significant tactical issue because it has a crucial impact on the quality and quantity of the used products. Based on the obtained causal relations of the main issues, it is identified that the reduction of waste, creation of new opportunity, market competition, cost reduction, change in technology and location, capacity and number of recovery facility are the major sub-issues in RSC implementation.

Practical implications
This study is conducted on the basis of the experts’ opinion from a semiconductor manufacturing industry, situated in the southern part of India. Therefore, this proves its practical implications.

Originality/value
The paper provides the detail illustration of the issues in the RSC process, and the prioritization of the issues based on the cause–effect relationships also provides some meaningful managerial insights.
Pathways to workplace innovation and career satisfaction in the public service
Authors: Wipulanusat Warit , Panuwatwanich Kriengsak , Stewart Rodney Anthony 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the influence of two climates for innovation constructs, namely, leadership and organisational culture, on workplace innovation and career satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachThis study used structural equation modelling to test the data from 3,125 engineering professionals in the Australian Public Service (APS).FindingsThe structural model indicated that leadership for innovation and ambidextrous culture for innovation influenced workplace innovation which, in turn, improved career satisfaction. Moreover, modelling revealed a significant relationship between ambidextrous culture for innovation and career satisfaction. This study also investigated mediation effects and revealed both simple and sequential mediation paths in the model. It was found that improving workplace innovation and career satisfaction through recognition of an engineer’s contribution to their agency would assist in retaining and advancing in-house engineering expertise.Practical implicationsThe structural model could be used to address current shortages of engineering professionals in the Commonwealth of Australia departments. The findings emphasise the importance of Commonwealth departments providing opportunities for their engineers to engage in creative and innovative projects which enhance their professional career.Originality/valueThis study fills the gap in the innovation literature by exploring the relationships through which socio-psychological factors affect workplace innovation and career satisfaction on the innovation process for engineering professionals in the APS.
Institutionalizing social impact investing: implications for Islamic finance
Authors: Kappen Jeffrey , Mitchell Matthew , Chawla Kavilash 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the institutionalization of screening and metrics in conventional finance and reflect upon the implications for Islamic finance.Design/methodology/approachThe study involves the analysis of archival data, interviews and fieldwork with current impact investors in North America and the European Union to trace the historical development of impact investing screening and metrics.FindingsFirst, the paper explores how conventional investors have applied positive and negative screens in the creation of their values/mission-based investment strategies. This is followed by a historical analysis of the development and implementation of impact metrics and regulatory frameworks that influenced the growth of conventional impact investing. The possible benefits of learning from these experiences for the Islamic finance industry are then considered. The paper concludes with an analysis of the potential value of mission/values-based investing for the economic development of the Middle East and North Africa region.Research limitations/implicationsThough not a comprehensive study of institutionalization, this study supports recent calls for more intentional use of capital for blended returns within Islamic markets. To support these initiatives, it provides scholars and practitioners with multiple recommended points of entry into this growing market.Originality/valueThere has been scant organizational research examining the development of best practices within the impact investment community and how these might be applied to other contexts such as Islamic finance.
George Washington: a revolutionary approach to leadership
Authors: Harris Todd C. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to examine George Washington’s approach to leadership through the lens of contemporary leadership theory and practice; and second, to help modern managers further reflect upon and develop their own leadership capabilities through a historiographic examination of Washington’s leadership traits and skills.

Design/methodology/approach
Combining three different academic disciplines, management, psychology and history, the author utilized a historiographic and interdisciplinary research methodology, conducting a detailed exploration of the life of George Washington through an examination of a wide range of original archival materials, books, journal articles and other sources.

Findings
The present analysis reveals that Washington demonstrated a variety of well-validated leadership competencies (e.g. emotional intelligence, resilience, integrity, etc.) that are largely consistent with leader-centered theoretical conceptions of leadership.

Originality/value
This is the first historiographic study of George Washington’s approach to leadership within the management literature. Additionally, through the development of a competency model, the study demonstrates how Washington employed tools and techniques from a host of modern leadership theories to achieve critically important results.
Silencing of C3G increases cardiomyocyte survival inhibition and apoptosis via regulation of p‐ERK1/2 and Bax
Authors: Yang Dongyan , Zhang Lei , Zhang Zhisheng , Hu Sulei , Fu Yanbo , Laukkanen Jari A. , Li Gang 
Published: August 2018

SummaryExperimental studies have shown that overexpression of Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (C3G) plays pro‐survival and anti‐apoptotic roles through molecule phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase1/2 (p‐ERK1/2) in cardiomyocytes. However, it is still unclear if silencing of C3G may increase cell survival inhibition and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, and whether C3G silence induced injuries are reduced by the overexpression of C3G through regulation of p‐ERK1/2 and pro‐apoptotic molecule Bax. In this study, the rat‐derived H9C2 cardiomyocytes were infected with C3G small hairpin RNA interference recombinant lentiviruses, which silenced the endogenous C3G expression in the cardiomyocytes. Then, contrary experiments were conducted using C3G overexpression. The cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed in the cardiomyocytes which were treated with or without hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Silencing of C3G leaded to significant increase in cell survival inhibition and apoptosis, combined with aggravated the injuries induced by H/R. Overexpression of C3G reduced the injuries induced by the silencing of C3G in the cardiomyocytes via regulation of p‐ERK1/2 and Bax. In conclusion, our results provide new experimental evidence that silencing of C3G can increase cell survival inhibition and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via regulation of p‐ERK1/2 and Bax.
Severe cutaneous eruptions following the topical use of preparations containing bufexamac: Is it time to reconsider its registration in Australia?
Authors: Harris Adam G , Saikal Samra L , Scurry Jim , Relic John , Nixon Rosemary L , Chee Paul 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite being a well‐recognised cause of allergic contact dermatitis with an embargo in many countries around the world, bufexamac is available over the counter in topical preparations in Australia. We present a series of patients who developed severe cutaneous eruptions after the topical application of bufexamac containing preparations to highlight the potential risks of this medication, as well as advocate for the reconsideration of its registration by the Therapeutic Goods Administration in Australia.
Post‐mortem general surgeon reflection on decision‐making: a mixed‐methods study of mortality audit data
Authors: Cattanach Daniel E. , Wysocki Arkadiusz P. , Ray‐Conde Therese , Nankivell Charles , Allen Jennifer , North John B. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundSurgical deaths in Australia require the treating surgeon to document the event via a standard report. A section of this report invites surgeons to reflect on changes to management they would initiate in retrospect. This study analyses these reflective statements and categorizes them in an effort to gain insight into reflective learning.MethodsThis audit‐based cross‐sectional study involves patients who died in‐hospital under the care of general surgeons in Queensland, Australia, between July 2007 and December 2016. Retrospective surgeon statements were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative methods.ResultsOf the 2575 surgeons, 459 (18%) indicated they would manage their patient differently in retrospect. Half of these statements (46%) concerned changes to an operative decision. Of this group, most of these concerned either the decision to operate or not (26%), what operation to perform (32%) or earlier timing of surgery (32%). Overall, one‐third of statements (29%) concerned retrospective changes to clinical decisions not related to operative management. Communication considerations, ceiling of care decisions and technical operative changes made up smaller proportions of statements.ConclusionThis mixed‐methods study has identified a minority of surgeons proffer retrospective management changes after their patient has died. Of those who do, decision‐making around operative management is the most common area of reflective consideration.
A Computational Model of Heat Loss and Water Condensation on the Gas‐Side of Blood Oxygenators
Authors: Gómez Bardón Ricardo , Dubini Gabriele , Pennati Giancarlo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractClinical observation of condensation at the gas flow exit of blood oxygenators is a recurrent event during cardiopulmonary bypass. These devices consist of a bundle of hollow fibers made of a microporous membrane that allows the exchange of O2 and CO2. The fibers carry a gas mixture inside (intraluminal flow), while blood flows externally around them (extraluminal flow). Although different studies described this effect in the past, the specific role of the different sections of the device requires further analysis, and the total condensation rate remains unquantified. In this study, a closer look is taken at the transition of gas between the oxygenation bundle and the external room air. A method is proposed to estimate the total condensate output, combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of thermal distribution and a simplified 1D model of water vapor saturation of gas. The influence of a number of different parameters is analyzed, regarding material properties, environmental conditions, and clinical use. Results show that condensation rate could vary in a 30‐fold range within reasonably small variations of the different variables considered.
Improved Generalized Predictive Control Algorithm for Blood Glucose Control of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Liu Wenping , Zhang Gangping , Yu Liling , Xu Binfeng , Jin Haoyu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractArtificial pancreas (AP) is an important treatment for patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). The control algorithm adopted in an AP system determines its reliability and accuracy. The generalized predictive control (GPC) is a representative adaptive control algorithm and has been widely applied to AP systems. However, we found that the traditional GPC controller does not work well for adolescents with T1D because of their high‐fluctuating blood glucose and high insulin resistance. Here, we propose an improved GPC algorithm with an adaptive reference glucose trajectory and an adaptive softening factor. The slopes of the reference trajectory and the value of softening factor are calculated real‐time on the basis of the blood glucose concentration (BGC) variations. In silico testing was done using the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved virtual patient software T1D mellitus. The BGC trace and density of 20 patient‐subjects (10 adults and 10 adolescents) were recorded. Results showed that the average BGC percentage within the target regions (70–180 mg/dL) of the tests with adaptive reference glucose trajectory and softening factor for adolescents (0.93 ± 0.07) was significantly higher than that of the traditional GPC algorithm tests (0.88 ± 0.11), suggesting that the control quality of the blood glucose of adolescents is significantly improved with our GPC algorithm. Therefore, our improved GPC controller is effective and should have a good applicability in AP systems.
Effects of dietary bamboo vinegar supplementation on performance, eggshell quality, ileal microflora composition, and intestinal villus morphology of laying hens in the late phase of production
Authors: Rattanawut Jessada , Pimpa Opart , Yamauchi Koh‐en 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of bamboo vinegar (BV) supplementation on performance, eggshell quality, ileal microflora, and villus morphology in aged laying hens. A total of 320 hens (70 weeks old) were divided into 4 dietary treatments with 10 replicates of 8 hens each. They were fed a basal diet supplemented withBVat 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, or 0.8% level until 86 weeks of age. The level ofBVin the diet had no effect on egg performance, feed intake, or feed efficiency (p > 0.10). Damaged egg rate decreased in the hens fed the 0.4% and 0.8%BVdiets during 79–86 weeks of age (p < 0.05). Eggshell thickness and eggshell strength were higher in the hens fed the 0.4% and 0.8%BVdiets at weeks 82 and 86 compared to the controls. In the ileal content, population ofEscherichia coliandSalmonellaspp. decreased with 0.4% and 0.8%BV(p < 0.05). Villus height and areas of duodenum were higher in the hens fed the 0.4% and 0.8%BVdiets (p < 0.05). The results indicate that a level of 0.4%BVin a layer's diet is sufficient for reducing pathogenic bacteria, stimulating intestinal functions and improving eggshell quality of laying hens in the late phase of production.