bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Widespread 18F-FDG Uptake in Osseous Tuberculosis Without Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Feng Yuan , Lan Xiaoli , Zhang Xiao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A 30-year-old man with a 5-month history of lumbar pain was hospitalized due to worsening pain and restricted mobility. CT and MRI scans indicated multiple vertebral destructions, prompting further assessment with 18F-FDG PET/CT. PET/CT imaging showed widespread and avid 18F-FDG uptake in the bones, mainly in the vertebrae. No other suspicious lesions were detected. Pathology subsequently confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This case illustrates 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging of osseous tuberculosis, characterized by widespread 18F-FDG accumulation without pulmonary tuberculosis.
Lymphoscintigraphy for the Evaluation of Primary Lymphedema
Authors: Delgado Bolton Roberto C. , Calapaquí Terán Adriana K. , Almeida Ludmila Santiago , Treglia Giorgio , Giammarile Francesco 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The diagnostic workup of primary lymphedema includes lymphoscintigraphy, a diagnostic test that provides objective data derived from the characteristics of the lymphatic flow and the lymphatic nodes. Several empirical scoring systems have been proposed with the aim of harmonizing the procedure. Here we comment the latest one, reflecting on the relevance of these tools to make possible multicenter research, based on intraobserver and interobserver reliability with the aim to, in the long run, improve patient outcomes.
Cancer Integrin Imaging With 68Ga-Trivehexin PET-CT in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Improves Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Emerson Ralph , Agrawal Kanhaiyalal , Singh Parneet , Patro P Sai Sradha , Kumar Navneet 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Locoregional nodal involvement by OSCC is commonly encountered. Current conventional and functional imaging modalities have limited diagnostic accuracy in nodal assessment, particularly in head and neck cancer. Thus, definitive management of head and neck malignancies customarily addresses the locoregional nodes along with the primary malignancy. However, OSCC, particularly tongue cancer, shows erratic lymphatic drainage and thus commonly requires extensive bilateral neck dissection, leading to significant morbidity. Cancer integrin imaging with 68Ga-trivehexin PET-CT can offer highly specific result and thus has the potential for effective tailored management.
Superiority of 68Ga-Trivehexin PET/CT Over 18F-FDG PET/CT in the Evaluation of Lymph Nodes in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Kömek Halil , Güzel Yunus , Kaplan İhsan , Yilmaz Ece Eşsiz , Can Canan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A patient with left upper quadrant breast cancer who had 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging underwent 68Ga-Trivehexin PET/CT. 68Ga-Trivehexin PET/CT showed higher radiotracer accumulation in the primary tumor, left internal mammary lymph nodes, and axillary lymph nodes compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT. However, Trivehexin uptake was not observed in FDG-positive lymph nodes in the mediastinum and left hilar region. Benign cytological findings were noted in the biopsy of the subcarinal lymph node. This case demonstrates that the use of 68Ga-Trivehexin PET/CT in suspicious lymph nodes in areas difficult to biopsy in breast cancer cases can contribute to accurate staging.
How I Do It: Simplified Transcystic Antegrade-only Robotic Common Bile Duct Exploration (RCBDE)
Authors: Porter Eleah D. , Carge Michael , O’Field Heather , Kelli Mohamed , Johnson Sarah E. , Vosburg Ralph Wesley , Santos Byron Fernando 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Data consistently supports a surgery-first approach to common bile duct (CBD) stones in patients with a gallbladder via laparoscopic CBD exploration (LCBDE). LCBDE has equivalent efficacy and decreased cost as compared with cholecystectomy plus endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). However, adoption has been low due to the technical limitations of laparoscopy. We describe a straightforward and highly reproducible robotic CBDE (RBCDE) technique.

Methods:
A cystic ductotomy is made after obtaining a critical view of safety. Through a 5 mm port, a wire-ready cholangiogram catheter is secured in the cystic duct and intraoperative cholangiogram performed. Based on stone burden, small versus large, either an antegrade balloon snowplow (push stones forward) or sphincteroplasty is performed over a wire under fluoroscopy. If concern persists for retained stones, choledochoscopy is performed.

Conclusions:
Our simplified antegrade-only RCBDE technique allows surgeons to consistently offer a surgery-first, single-stage approach to CBD stones in patients with a gallbladder.
Dysregulated Proteins in Plasma Distinguishing Syndromic from Non-syndromic Heritable Thoracic Aortic Disease
Authors: Seim Bjørn Edvard , Khan Yusuf , Holt Margrethe Flesvig , Ratajska Aleksandra , Michelsen Annika , Ringseth Monica Myklebust , Lundblad Runar , Halvorsen Bente , Krohg-Sørensen Kirsten , Osnes Liv T. N. , Aukrust Pål , Paus Benedicte , Kvitting John-Peder Escobar , Ueland Thor 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) are often found in younger individuals and approximately 20% may be associated with heritable thoracic aortic disease (HTAD). There are some data on genomic biomarkers reflecting inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling in HTAD. However, data that accurately reflect the corresponding protein changes are scarce. Our aim was to quantify proteins by using targeted proteomics in HTAD patients versus healthy controls (HC).METHODSPatients with Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS,n= 8), Marfan syndrome (MFS,n= 11), and Aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic 6 syndrome (AAT6,n= 7) were recruited. For comparison, blood samples were drawn from 16 healthy controls (HC). Plasma samples were analyzed by targeted proteome analysis of 276 proteins using immunoaffinity proteomics.RESULTSSeven proteins were elevated when comparing HTAD to HC, displaying two patterns: i) Oncostatin M (OSM) and Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) were significantly higher in both LDS and MFS, with comparable levels in AAT6, reflecting a generalized increase in HTAD. ii) increased levels of TNF Receptor Superfamily Member 9 (TNFRSF9), Granulysin (GNLY), Glycoprotein 1b-alpha (GP1BA), Vasorin (VASN) and CD5 were restricted to the LDS subgroup and correlated positively with Th17 and platelet counts.CONCLUSIONSThe general increase in OSM and PTX3 in HTAD may reflect early but common mechanisms related to vascular inflammation while the distinct increase in TNFRSF9, GNLY, VASN, GP1BA and CD5 in LDS patients, may reflect involvement of Th17 inflammatory response mechanisms in the progression of TAA.
Understanding the Dynamics of Biomass Deconstruction bythe Cellulolytic AnaerobeClostridium thermocellum
Authors: Yarbrough John M. , Stich Dominik G. , Hengge Neal N. , Xu Qi , Chung Daehwan , Ziegler Samantha J. , Huang Shu , Moraïs Sarah , Mizrahi Itzhak , Bayer Edward A. , Bomble Yannick J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractClostridium thermocellumis one of the most efficient microorganisms for the deconstruction of cellulosic biomass. To achieve this high level of cellulolytic activity,C. thermocellumuses large multienzyme complexes known as cellulosomes to break down complex polysaccharides, notably cellulose, found in plant cell walls. The attachment of bacterial cells to the nearby substrateviathe cellulosome has been hypothesized to be the reason for this high efficiency. The region lying between the cell and the substrate has shown great variation and dynamics that are affected by the growth stage of cells and the biomass used for growth. Here, we utilized both photoactivation localization microscopy (PALM) and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) in combination with Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) to study the distribution ofC. thermocellumcellulosomes at different stages of growth when actively growing on soluble and insoluble substrates, providing a clearer picture of the dynamics of cellulosome populations at the enzyme microbe substrate interface. This research demonstrates the promising application of novel optical methodologies in tandem with targeted mutations withinC. thermocellumto test the prevailing theories regarding the mechanisms of cellulosomes and their potential to shuttle onto the biomass for the attachment ofC. thermocellumto improve biomass deconstruction.
Beta burst characteristics and coupling within the sensorimotor cortical-subthalamic nucleus circuit in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Yao Pan , Abdi-Sargezeh Bahman , Sharma Abhinav , Liu Tao , Tan Huiling , Hahn Amelia , Starr Philip , Little Simon , Oswal Ashwini 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundBursts of exaggerated subthalamic nucleus (STN) beta activity contribute to clinical impairments in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Few studies have explored the characteristics and coupling of bursts across the sensorimotor cortical-STN circuit.ObjectiveWe sought to (1) establish the characteristics of sensorimotor cortical and STN bursts during naturalistic behaviours, and (2) determine the predictability of STN bursts from motor cortical recordings.MethodsWe analysed 1,478 hours of wirelessly streamed bilateral sensorimotor cortical and STN recordings from 5 PD patients.ResultsSTN bursts were longer than cortical bursts and had shorter inter-burst intervals. Long bursts (>200ms) in both structures displayed temporal overlap (>30%), with an estimated cortico-STN conduction delay of 8ms. Furthermore, approximately 27% of all STN bursts were preceded by a cortical burst.ConclusionCortical beta bursts tend to precede STN beta bursts, with short delays. However, subcortical mechanisms are also likely to contribute to STN burst initiation and propagation.
Heterogeneous endocrine cell composition defines human islet functional phenotypes
Authors: Evans-Molina Carmella , Pettway Yasminye D. , Saunders Diane C. , Sharp Seth A. , Bate Thomas SR. , Sun Han , Durai Heather , Mei Shaojun , Coldren Anastasia , Davis Corey , Reihsmann Conrad V. , Hopkirk Alexander L. , Taylor Jay , Bradley Amber , Aramandla Radhika , Poffenberger Greg , Eskaros Adel , Jenkins Regina , Shi Danni , Kang Hakmook , Rajesh Varsha , Thaman Swaraj , Feng Fan , Cartailler Jean-Philippe , Powers Alvin C. , Abraham Kristin , Gloyn Anna L. , Niland Joyce C. , Brissova Marcela 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYPhenotyping and genotyping initiatives within the Integrated Islet Distribution Program (IIDP), the largest source of human islets for research in the U.S., provide standardized assessment of islet preparations distributed to researchers, enabling the integration of multiple data types. Data from islets of the first 299 organ donors without diabetes, analyzed using this pipeline, highlights substantial heterogeneity in islet cell composition associated with hormone secretory traits, sex, reported race and ethnicity, genetically predicted ancestry, and genetic risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). While α and β cell composition influenced insulin and glucagon secretory traits, the abundance of δ cells showed the strongest association with insulin secretion and was also associated with the genetic risk score (GRS) for T2D. These findings have important implications for understanding mechanisms underlying diabetes heterogeneity and islet dysfunction and may provide insight into strategies for personalized medicine and β cell replacement therapy.
Targeted protein degradation via CAR endocytosis of antigen in T cells
Authors: Wang Youguang , Yin Na , Peng Min 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTargeted protein degradation (TPD) relies on molecules engaging host protein degradation machinery. Here, we developed a novel TPD platform based on antigen endocytosis and degradation by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. T cells expressing a CAR with TNFR1 as the antigen-binding domain (TNFR1T) were able to bind, endocytose, and degrade TNF in vitro. To enhance in vivo expansion and persistence of TNFR1T cells, BCOR and ZC3H12A were depleted, generating TNFR1TIFcells. In a human TNF transgenic mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis, a single infusion of TNFR1TIFcells sustainably reduced serum hTNF to near wild-type levels, leading to long-term disease remission. This approach extends CAR T cell targets from cells to extracellular proteins, enabling long-term degradation of inflammatory cytokines and durable remission in chronic inflammatory diseases.
The genome of a sea spider corroborates a shared Hox cluster motif in arthropods with reduced posterior tagma
Authors: Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Kulkarni Siddharth S. , Baranyi Christian , Fromm Bastian , Setton Emily V.W. , Sharma Prashant P. , Wanninger Andreas , Brenneis Georg 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundChelicerate evolution is contentiously debated, with recent studies challenging traditional phylogenetic hypotheses and scenarios of major evolutionary events, like terrestrialization. Sea spiders (Pycnogonida) represent the uncontested marine sister group of all other chelicerates, featuring a – likely plesiomorphic – indirect development mode. Accordingly, pycnogonids hold the potential to provide crucial insight into early chelicerate genome evolution and ancestral principles of chelicerate body patterning. Leveraging this potential, however, has hitherto been hampered by the lack of high-quality genomic resources for pycnogonids.ResultsWe employed long-read sequencing and proximity ligation data to assemble the first near chromosome-level sea spider genome forPycnogonum litorale, complemented by developmental transcriptomes and a high-fidelity Iso-Seq dataset. The assembly has a size of 471Mb in 57 pseudochromosomes, a repeat content of 61.05%, 15,497 predicted protein-coding genes, and is highly complete (95.8% BUSCO Arthropoda score, 95.7% of conserved microRNA families present). We identified a single, intact Hox gene cluster that lacksabdominal-A/Hox9, suggesting the loss of this Hox gene.ConclusionsOur high-quality genomic and transcriptomic resources establishP. litoraleas a key research organism for modern studies on chelicerate genome evolution, development, and phylogeny. The presence of a single Hox cluster in theP. litoralegenome further strengthens the inference that no whole-genome duplication occurred at the base of the chelicerate tree. The lack ofabdAsuggests that the combination ofabdAloss and posterior tagmata reduction is a common theme in arthropod evolution, as it is shared with other, distantly related arthropod taxa with a vestigial opisthosoma/abdomen.
Polytope: High-resolution epitope barcoding forin vivospatial fate-mapping
Authors: Postrach Daniel , Pritchard Colin E. J. , Frank Larissa , van Leeuwen Tom , Messal Hendrik A. , Krimpenfort Paul , van Rheenen Jacco , Rodewald Hans-Reimer 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTracing the fate of individual cells and their progeny remains a challenging task. While imaging-based fate-mapping provides spatial information, it generally lacks complexity due to limited label diversity, resulting in diminished capture of comprehensive lineages and fate maps. Here, we introduce ‘Polytope’, an epitope barcoding system capable of generating up to 512 unique color codes. Comprising nine epitope tag cassettes flanked by loxP sites, Polytope allows random excision via Cre recombinase, creating unique color codes detectable through multiplexed imaging. Using an engineered Polytope mouse, we traced the fate of hundreds of clones across tissuesin vivo, from embryonic development until adulthood. Together, Polytope enables high-resolution imaging-based fate-mapping through endogenous epitope barcoding, comprehensively capturing the spatial organization of complex clonal dynamicsin situ.One-Sentence SummaryPolytope is an imaging-based barcoding system to trace lineages at clonal and spatial resolution in living organisms using a diverse set of color-coded markers.
Semantic integration demands modulate large-scale network interactions in the brain
Authors: Nieberlein Laura , Martin Sandra , Williams Kathleen A. , Gussew Alexander , Cyriaks Sophia D. , Scheer Maximilian , Rampp Stefan , Prell Julian , Hartwigsen Gesa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe ability to integrate semantic information into the context of a sentence is essential for human communication. Several studies have shown that the predictability of a final keyword based on the sentence context influences semantic integration on the behavioral, neurophysiological, and neural level. However, the architecture of the underlying network interactions for semantic integration across the lifespan remains unclear.In this study, 32 healthy participants (30-75 years) performed an auditory cloze probability task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), requiring lexical decisions on the sentence’s final words. Semantic integration demands were implicitly modulated by presenting sentences with expected, unexpected, anomalous, or pseudoword endings. To elucidate network interactions supporting semantic integration, we combined univariate task-based fMRI analyses with seed-based connectivity and between-network connectivity analyses.Behavioral data revealed typical semantic integration effects, with increased integration demands being associated with longer response latencies and reduced accuracy. Univariate results demonstrated increased left frontal and temporal brain activity for sentences with higher integration demands. Between-network interactions highlighted the role of task-positive and default mode networks for sentence processing with increased semantic integration demands. Furthermore, increasing integration demands led to a higher number of behaviorally relevant network interactions, suggesting that the increased between-network coupling becomes more relevant for successful task performance as integration demands increase.Our findings elucidate the complex network interactions underlying semantic integration across the aging continuum. Stronger interactions between various task-positive and default mode networks correlated with more efficient processing of sentences with increased semantic integration demands. These results may inform future studies with healthy old and clinical populations.
TcCARP3 modulates compartmentalized cAMP signals involved in osmoregulation, infection of mammalian cells, and colonization of the triatomine vector in the human pathogenTrypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Carlson Joshua , Ahmed Milad , Hunter Riley , Hoque Syeda Farjana , Benoit Joshua B. , Chiurillo Miguel A. , Lander Noelia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTrypanosoma cruziis the causative agent of Chagas disease, a zoonotic infectious disease considered a leading cause of cardiomyopathy, disability, and premature death in the Americas. This parasite spends its life between a mammalian host and an arthropod vector, undergoing essential transitions among different developmental forms. HowT. cruzisenses microenvironmental changes that trigger cellular responses necessary for parasite survival has remained largely unknown. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a universal second messenger that has been shown to regulate key cellular processes in trypanosomes, in which cyclic AMP response proteins (CARPs) have been proposed to be modulators or effectors of a PKA-independent signaling pathway. In this study we aimed to investigate the role of TcCARP3 in cAMP signaling throughoutT. cruzilife cycle. Our results show that TcCARP3 shares a dual localization (flagellar tip and contractile vacuole complex) with adenylate cyclase 1 (TcAC1) in the main developmental stages of the parasite. We also found that TcCARP3 directly interacts with several TcACs, modulating the intracellular content of cAMP. Through generation ofTcCARP3knockout, addback, and overexpression cell lines we showed that modulation of gene expression affects the parasite’s ability to differentiate, respond to osmotic stress, invade mammalian cells and replicate within them, and colonize the hindgut of the triatomine vector. In addition, we identified several signaling proteins interacting with TcCARP3 in what we propose are cAMP signaling microdomains. Our results unveil a key role for TcCARP3 as modulator of cAMP signals necessary for parasite differentiation and survival throughoutT. cruzilife cycle.IMPORTANCECyclic AMP signaling pathways are poorly understood in the stercorarian parasiteTrypanosoma cruzi. Specifically, the mechanisms driving the activation of TcACs in response to microenvironmental stress are completely unknown. This study unveils the role of TcCARP3 in modulating the content of cAMP through the interaction with several TcACs and putative cAMP effectors inT. cruzi. Particularly, TcCARP3 interacts with TcAC1 in the main developmental stages of this parasite’s life cycle, where both proteins display a dual localization pattern. These results provide new evidence supporting the compartmentalization of cAMP signals in trypanosomes. Moreover, our data unequivocally demonstrates that TcCARP3 is required for key cellular processes for parasite survival, such as response to osmotic stress, host cell invasion, intracellular replication, and the ability to colonize the hindgut of the triatomine vector. In summary, we found that TcCARP3 is an adenylate cyclase regulator, necessary for the life cycle progression ofT. cruzi.
Regional heterogeneities of oligodendrocytes determine biased distribution pattern of Ranvier nodes along single axons in sound localization circuit
Authors: Egawa Ryo , Hiraga Kota , Matsui Ryosuke , Watanabe Dai , Kuba Hiroshi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDistribution of Ranvier nodes along myelinated axons is a critical determinant of conduction velocity, significantly influencing spike arrival timing and hence neural circuit function. The patterns of nodal distribution are not necessarily uniform but vary across brain regions and even along individual axons. Although various factors could contribute to these patterns, the complexity arising from multicellular interactions between oligodendrocytes and axons has left the underlying regulatory mechanisms unclear. In this study, we identified the factors contributing to the emergence of a biased nodal distribution pattern along single axons using the chick brainstem auditory circuit as a model, in which the distance between adjacent nodes (internodal length) varies along the axons of avian cochlear nucleus neurons in a region-dependent manner, thereby enabling precise binaural integration for sound localization. 3D morphometry revealed that these axons were almost fully myelinated by oligodendrocytes exhibiting distinct morphologies and cell densities across regions after hearing onset. The structure of axons did not affect internodal length. Inhibiting vesicular release from the axons did not affect internodal length and oligodendrocyte morphology, either, but caused unmyelinated segments on the axons by suppressing oligodendrogenesis near the presynaptic terminals. These results suggest that the regional heterogeneity in the intrinsic properties of oligodendrocytes determines the biased nodal distribution pattern in the sound localization circuit, while activity-dependent signaling supports the pattern by ensuring adequate oligodendrocyte density. Our findings highlight the importance of oligodendrocyte heterogeneity in fine-tuning neural circuit function.