bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Model of Sunspot Number with a Modified Logistic Function
Authors: Qin G. , Wu S.-S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Solar cycles are studied with the Version 2 monthly smoothed international sunspot number, the variations of which are found to be well represented by a modified logistic differential equation with four parameters: maximum cumulative sunspot number or total sunspot number x

m
, initial cumulative sunspot number x
0, maximum emergence rate r
0, and asymmetry α. A two-parameter function is obtained by taking α and r
0 as fixed values. In addition, it is found that x

m
and x
0 can be well determined at the start of a cycle. Therefore, a predictive model of sunspot number is established based on the two-parameter function. The prediction for cycles 4–23 shows that the solar maximum can be predicted with an average relative error of 8.8% and maximum relative error of 22% in cycle 15 at the start of solar cycles if solar minima are already known. The quasi-online method for determining the moment of solar minimum shows that we can obtain the solar minimum 14 months after the start of a cycle. Besides, our model can predict the cycle length with an average relative error of 9.5% and maximum relative error of 22% in cycle 4. Furthermore, we predict the variations in sunspot number of cycle 24 with the relative errors of the solar maximum and ascent time being 1.4% and 12%, respectively, and the predicted cycle length is 11.0 yr (95% confidence interval is 8.3–12.9 yr). A comparison to the observations of cycle 24 shows that our predictive model has good effectiveness.
Multi-TeV Emission from the Vela Pulsar
Authors: Harding Alice K. , Kalapotharakos Constantinos , Barnard Monica , Venter Christo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Pulsed emission from the Vela pulsar at energies above 3 TeV has recently been detected by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) Collaboration. We present a model for the broadband spectrum of Vela from infrared (IR) to beyond 10 TeV. Recent simulations of the global pulsar magnetosphere have shown that most of the particle acceleration occurs in the equatorial current sheet outside of the light cylinder and that the magnetic field structure is nearly force-free for younger pulsars. We adopt this picture to compute the radiation from both electron–positron pairs produced in polar cap cascades and from primary particles accelerated in the separatrix and current sheet. The synchrotron spectrum from pairs resonantly absorbing radio photons at relatively low altitude can account for the observed IR-optical emission. We set the parallel electric field in the current sheet to produce the Fermi GeV emission through curvature radiation, producing particles with energies of 30–60 TeV. These particles then produce very-high-energy emission up to around 30 TeV through inverse-Compton scattering of the IR-optical emission. We present model spectra and light curves that can match the IR-optical through GeV spectrum and make predictions for the multi-TeV emission.
The Primordial Solar Wind as a Sculptor of Terrestrial Planet Formation
Authors: Spalding Christopher 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Our solar system is almost entirely devoid of material interior to Mercury’s orbit, in sharp contrast to the multiple Earth masses of material commonly residing within the analogous region of extrasolar planetary systems. Recent work has suggested that Jupiter’s orbital migration early in the solar system’s history fragmented primordial planetary material within the inner solar system. However, the reason for the absence of subsequent planet formation within 0.4 au remains unsolved. Here, we show that leftover debris interior to Mercury’s current orbit was susceptible to outward migration driven by the early Solar wind, enhanced by the Sun’s primordial rapid rotation and strong magnetic field. The ram pressure arising from azimuthal motion of the Solar wind plasma transported ∼100 m-sized objects and smaller from 0.1 au out to the terrestrial planet-forming zone within the suspected ∼30–50 Myr timespan of the Earth’s formation. The mass of material within this size class typically exceeds Mercury, and can rival that of Earth. Consequently, the present-day region of terrestrial planets and the asteroid belt has been supplied by a large mass of material from the innermost, hot solar system, providing a potential explanation for the evidence of high-temperature alteration within some asteroids and the high iron content of Mercury.
The Radio-bright Accreting Millisecond X-Ray Pulsar IGR J17591-2342
Authors: Russell T. D. , Degenaar N. , Wijnands R. , Eijnden J. van den , Gusinskaia N. V. , Hessels J. W. T. , Miller-Jones J. C. A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
IGR J17591−2342 is a 527 Hz accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar that was discovered in outburst in 2018 August. In this Letter, we present quasi-simultaneous radio and X-ray monitoring of this source during the early part of the outburst. IGR J17591−2342 is highly absorbed in X-rays, with an equivalent hydrogen absorption along the line of sight,

, of ≈4.4 × 1022 cm−2, where the Galactic column density is expected to be ≈1–2 × 1022 cm−2. The high absorption suggests that the source is either relatively distant (>6 kpc), or that the X-ray emission is strongly absorbed by material local to the system. Radio emission detected by the Australia Telescope Compact Array shows that, for a given X-ray luminosity and for distances greater than 3 kpc, this source was exceptionally radio-loud when compared to other accreting neutron stars in outburst (L
X > 1033 erg s−1). For most reasonable distances, IGR J17591−2342 appeared as radio luminous as actively accreting, stellar-mass black hole X-ray binaries.
Systemic competitiveness of nuclear energy sources*
Authors: Usanov Vladimir 
Published: December 2018

Possibilities are analyzed for improving the commercial attractiveness of nuclear electricity generation in market conditions. A model is presented in which a financially integrated electricity generating system comprising several units of one technological type, rather than a single unit, is subject to an economic analysis. Issues have been considered involved in the calculation of the electricity cost in such systems and their construction. It has been shown that the calculated unit cost of the electricity generated in a financially integrated nuclear energy system with the number of units being more than one, provided it is financed by shareholders and creditors, can be lower as compared with the cost of the electricity generated by power units, not integrated economically, of the same capacity under the same investment conditions.The effect is achieved thanks to the short-term crediting component in the electricity cost the funds on which can be returned, at a time, for a smaller number of units (even for only one), as electricity is produced by all units in the system. The results of the calculations for nuclear energy sources and combined-cycle plants using the developed model make it possible to conclude that the switch from economic models of individual nuclear units to models of integrated energy systems can bring the calculated economic performance of nuclear power closer to (or better) the performance of fossil-fuel energy sources. If achieved, this may increase the commercial attractiveness of nuclear power and contribute to a growth in the public and private investments in nuclear power business.
Cauda Equina Syndrome Caused by Intervertebral Lumbar Disk Prolapse: Mid-Term Results of 22 Patients and Literature Review
Authors: Buchner Matthias , Schiltenwolf Marcus 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This retrospective study analyzes the mid-term results of 22 patients who underwent diskectomy following a diagnosis of cauda equina syndrome due to prolapsed intervertebral lumbar disks (mean follow-up: 3 years and 9 months). Postoperatively, 1 7 of 22 patients had complete urinary function recovery within the follow-up period, 4 patients had a persistent stress incontinence, and 1 patient, incontinent 4 years postoperatively, required catheterization. Thirteen of 1 7 patients had recovery of motor deficits, 1 4 of 21 of sensory deficits, and 13 of 15 patients regained perianal sensation. There was no statistically significant difference concerning the time between onset of symptoms and surgical decompression and subsequent outcome. Complete evaluation must include imaging and urodynamic investigations. After an accurate diagnosis and adequate operative treatment, postoperative results of cauda equina syndrome appear satisfactory.
G2A Protects Mice against Sepsis by Modulating Kupffer Cell Activation: Cooperativity with Adenosine Receptor 2b
Authors: Li Hong-Mei , Jang Ji Hye , Jung Jun-Sub , Shin Jiseon , Park Chul O. , Kim Yeon-Ja , Ahn Won-Gyun , Nam Ju-Suk , Hong Chang-Won , Lee Jongho , Jung Yu-Jin , Chen Jiang-Fan , Ravid Katya , Lee H. Thomas , Huh Won-Ki , Kabarowski Janusz H. , Song Dong-Keun 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
G2A is a GPCR abundantly expressed in immune cells. G2A−/− mice showed higher lethality, higher plasma cytokines, and an impaired bacterial clearance in response to a murine model of sepsis (cecal ligation and puncture), which were blocked by GdCl3, an inhibitor of Kupffer cells. Anti–IL-10 Ab reversed the impaired bacterial clearance in G2A−/− mice. Indomethacin effectively blocked both the increased i.p. IL-10 levels and the impaired bacterial clearance, indicating that disturbed PG system is the proximal cause of these phenomena. Stimulation with LPS/C5a induced an increase in Escherichia coli phagocytosis and intracellular cAMP levels in G2A+/+ peritoneal macrophages but not G2A−/− cells, which showed more PGE2/nitrite release and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Heterologous coexpression of G2A and adenosine receptor type 2b (A2bAR) induced a synergistic increase in cAMP signaling in a ligand-independent manner, with the evidence of physical interaction of G2A with A2bAR. BAY 60-6583, a specific agonist for A2bAR, increased intracellular cAMP levels in Kupffer cells from G2A+/+ but not from G2A−/− mice. Both G2A and A2bAR were required for antiseptic action of lysophosphatidylcholine. These results show inappropriate activation of G2A−/− Kupffer cells to septic insults due to an impaired cAMP signaling possibly by lack of interaction with A2bAR.
The mTORC1/4E-BP/eIF4E Axis Promotes Antibody Class Switching in B Lymphocytes
Authors: Chiu Honyin , Jackson Leandra V. , Oh Kwon Ik , Mai Annie , Ronai Ze’ev A. , Ruggero Davide , Fruman David A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
During an adaptive immune response, activated mature B cells give rise to Ab-secreting plasma cells to fight infection. B cells undergo Ab class switching to produce different classes of Abs with varying effector functions. The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is activated during this process, and disrupting mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) in B cells impairs class switching by a poorly understood mechanism. In particular, it is unclear which mTORC1 downstream substrates control this process. In this study, we used an in vitro murine model in which the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin, when added after a B cell has committed to divide, suppresses class switching while preserving proliferation. Investigation of mTORC1 substrates revealed a role for eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and eIF4E-binding proteins in class switching. Mechanistically, we show that genetic or pharmacological disruption of eIF4E binding to eIF4G reduced cap-dependent translation, which specifically affected the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase protein but not Aicda mRNA. This translational impairment decreased Ab class switching independently of proliferation. These results uncover a previously undescribed role for mTORC1 and the eIF4E-binding proteins/eIF4E axis in activation-induced cytidine deaminase protein expression and Ab class switching in mouse B cells, suggesting that cap-dependent translation regulates key steps in B cell differentiation.
TGF-β Upregulated Mitochondria Mass through the SMAD2/3→C/EBPβ→PRMT1 Signal Pathway in Primary Human Lung Fibroblasts
Authors: Sun Qingzhu , Fang Lei , Tang Xuemei , Lu Shemin , Tamm Michael , Stolz Daiana , Roth Michael 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Tissue remodeling of subepithelial mesenchymal cells is a major pathologic condition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Fibroblasts contribute to fibrotic events and inflammation in both airway diseases. Recent mechanistic studies established a link between mitochondrial dysfunction or aberrant biogenesis leading to tissue remodeling of the airway wall in asthma. Protein arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1) participated in airway wall remodeling in pulmonary inflammation. This study investigated the mechanism by which PRMT1 regulates mitochondrial mass in primary human airway wall fibroblasts. Fibroblasts from control or asthma patients were stimulated with TGF-β for up to 48 h, and the signaling pathways controlling PRMT1 expression and mitochondrial mass were analyzed. PRMT1 activity was suppressed by the pan-PRMT inhibitor AMI-1. The SMAD2/3 pathway was blocked by SB203580 and C/EBPβ by small interference RNA treatment. The data obtained from unstimulated cells showed a significantly higher basal expression of PRMT1 and mitochondrial markers in asthmatic compared with control fibroblasts. In all cells, TGF-β significantly increased the expression of PRMT1 through SMAD2/3 and C/EBPβ. Subsequently, PRMT1 upregulated the expression of the mitochondria regulators PGC-1α and heat shock protein 60. Both the inhibition of the SAMD2/3 pathway or PRMT1 attenuated TGF-β–induced mitochondrial mass and C/EBPβ and α-SMA expression. These findings suggest that the signaling sequence controlling mitochondria in primary human lung fibroblasts is as follows: TGF-β→SMAD2/3→C/EBPβ→PRMT1→PGC-1α. Therefore, PRMT1 and C/EBPβ present a novel therapeutic and diagnostic target for airway wall remodeling in chronic lung diseases.
The impact of mineral dust on cloud formation during the Saharan dust event in April 2014 over Europe
Authors: Weger Michael , Heinold Bernd , Engler Christa , Schumann Ulrich , Seifert Axel , Fößig Romy , Voigt Christiane , Baars Holger , Blahak Ulrich , Borrmann Stephan , Hoose Corinna , Kaufmann Stefan , Krämer Martina , Seifert Patric , Senf Fabian , Schneider Johannes , Tegen Ina 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. A regional modeling study on the impact of desert dust on cloud
formation is presented for a major Saharan dust outbreak over Europe from 2 to 5 April 2014. The dust event coincided with an extensive and dense
cirrus cloud layer, suggesting an influence of dust on atmospheric ice
nucleation. Using interactive simulation with the regional dust model
COSMO-MUSCAT, we investigate cloud and precipitation representation in the
model and test the sensitivity of cloud parameters to dust–cloud and
dust–radiation interactions of the simulated dust plume. We evaluate model
results with ground-based and spaceborne remote sensing measurements of aerosol and
cloud properties, as well as the in situ measurements obtained during the
ML-CIRRUS aircraft campaign. A run of the model with single-moment bulk
microphysics without online dust feedback considerably underestimated cirrus
cloud cover over Germany in the comparison with infrared satellite imagery.
This was also reflected in simulated upper-tropospheric ice water content
(IWC), which accounted for only 20 % of the observed values. The
interactive dust simulation with COSMO-MUSCAT, including a two-moment bulk
microphysics scheme and dust–cloud as well as dust–radiation feedback, in
contrast, led to significant improvements. The modeled cirrus cloud cover and
IWC were by at least a factor of 2 higher in the relevant altitudes
compared to the noninteractive model run. We attributed these improvements
mainly to enhanced deposition freezing in response to the high mineral dust
concentrations. This was corroborated further in a significant decrease in
ice particle radii towards more realistic values, compared to in situ
measurements from the ML-CIRRUS aircraft campaign. By testing different
empirical ice nucleation parameterizations, we further demonstrate that
remaining uncertainties in the ice-nucleating properties of mineral dust
affect the model performance at least as significantly as
including the online representation of the mineral dust distribution.
Dust–radiation interactions played a secondary role for cirrus cloud
formation, but contributed to a more realistic representation of
precipitation by suppressing moist convection in southern Germany. In
addition, a too-low specific humidity in the 7 to 10 km altitude range in
the boundary conditions was identified as one of the main reasons for misrepresentation
of cirrus clouds in this model study.
Parameterization of phytoplankton spectral absorption coefficients in the Baltic Sea: general, monthly and two-component variants of approximation formulas
Authors: Meler Justyna , Woźniak Sławomir B. , Stoń-Egiert Joanna , Woźniak Bogdan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. This paper presents
approximate formulas (empirical equations) for parameterizing the coefficient
of light absorption by phytoplankton aph(λ) in Baltic Sea
surface waters. Over a thousand absorption spectra (in the 350–750 nm
range), recorded during 9 years of research carried out in different months
of the year and in various regions of the southern and central Baltic, were
used to derive these parameterizations. The empirical material was
characterized by a wide range of variability: the total chlorophyll a
concentration (Tchl a) varied between 0.31 and 142 mg m−3, the
ratio of the sum of all accessory pigment concentrations to chlorophyll a
(∑Ci/Tchla) ranged between 0.21 and 1.5, and the
absorption coefficients aph(λ) at individual light
wavelengths varied over almost 3 orders of magnitude. Different versions of
the parameterization formulas were derived on the basis of these data: a
one-component parameterization in the “classic” form of a power function
with Tchl a as the only variable and a two-component formula – the
product of the power and exponential functions – with Tchl a and ∑Ci/Tchla as variables. We found distinct differences between
the general version of the one-component parameterization and its variants
derived for individual months of the year. In contrast to the general variant
of parameterization, the new two-component variant takes account of the
variability of pigment composition occurring throughout the year in Baltic
phytoplankton populations.
Principios inherentes a la mediación intercultural en la escuela
Authors: Chamseddine Habib Allah, Mohamed 
Published: December 2018

Las funciones del mediador o mediadora intercultural en el contexto escolar sigue siendo una tarea en proceso de construcción y que lamentablemente se vincula sistematicamente a la resolución de conflictos y a la interpretación linguistica obstaculizando así su consolidación como colectivo profesional. El objetivo principal es analizar la percepción de los docentes en educación infantil y primaria sobre las funciones de dicha figura profesional en la escuela. Para ello, se ha realizado entrevistas a docentes pertenecientes a centros educativos con mayor concentración de alumnado migrante. Los resultados revelan toda una bateria de actuaciones que rompen con la asociación simpista anteriormente mencionada.
A integração entre as habilidades de cantar e atuar e a autonomia criativa como requisitos básicos para a credibilidade cênica na performance do cantor lírico.
Authors: Guse Cristine Bello 
Published: December 2018

O conteúdo deste artigo faz parte da pesquisa de doutorado em música realizada pela autora e pretende assinalar que a credibilidade cênica na performance do cantor lírico se faz presente a partir da sua capacidade em integrar suas habilidades de cantar e atuar e em possuir autonomia criativa suficiente que lhe permita construir um senso de verdade cênica ao longo de sua performance. Traz-se uma breve revisão sobre reflexões a respeito do desenvolvimento cênico dos cantores líricos realizadas por três importantes diretores de ópera atuantes no século XX – Boris Goldovsky, Walter Felsenstein e Wesley Balk – como forma de argumentar este apontamento.
O PROCESSO DE FORMAÇÃO DE CANTADORES RÀMKÔKAMẼKRA/CANELA
Authors: Soares Ligia Raquel Rodrigues , Canela Ricardo Kutokre 
Published: December 2018

RESUMOEste texto apresenta o processo de formação e confirmação pública decantadores entre os povos Ràmkôkamẽkra/Canela da aldeia Escalvado,município de Fernando Falcão, no estado do Maranhão. Esses povos fazemparte do “coletivo” Timbira, povos Jê do Brasil Central. Enfatizamoscomo se constrói o corpo de um cantador e quais instrumentos e adornosestão associados a essa formação. Para isso o texto busca compreender aimportância dos rituais de formação masculina (Kêtuwajê, Pepjê e o Pepcahàc)a partir do idioma da corporalidade como dispositivo de fabricação para compreender a importância da figura do cantador como aquele quem auxilia no processo de re(produção) do universo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cantadores. Ràmkôkamẽkra/Canela. Timbira. Cantos.Amji kĩn.
Compreensão da função social da propriedade no Brasil colonial: repensando a evolução das ideias jurídicas a partir de Oakeshott
Authors: Tavares Costa Filho Venceslau , De Oliveira Alves Pedro 
Published: December 2018

A presente pesquisa objetiva verificar a hipótese de exigências prévias estatais acerca do cumprimento de algum tipo de função social da propriedade imóvel durante os primórdios do Brasil Colonial. Para isso, é necessário refletir questões atinentes à filosofia da história, em especial através das contribuições do historiador britânico Michael Oakeshott sobre passado histórico, eventos históricos e o conceito de mudança. Ao utilizar o método hipotético-dedutivo, se pretende apresentar hipóteses gerais baseadas em uma atitude retórica e oakeshottiana e confrontar com dados documentais extraídos da Plataforma “Sesmarias do Império Luso-Brasileiro”, buscando falsear a hipótese geral da pesquisa. Ao fim, as primeiras conclusões desta pesquisa possibilitarão uma reformulação das hipóteses gerais (no caso de terem sido falseadas diante dos dados históricos) ou uma contribuição teórica à discussão sobre a história da prática jurídica e das ideias jurídicas no Brasil Colonial.

Abstract
This research aims to verify the hypothesis of previous state requirements about the fulfillment of some type of social function of property during the early stages of Colonial Brazil. For this, it is necessary to reflect issues pertaining to the philosophy of history, especially through the contributions of the British historian Michael Oakeshott on historical past, historical events and the concept of change. Using the hypothetical-deductive method, it is intended to present general hypotheses based on a rhetorical and Oakeshottiana model and to confront with documentary data extracted from the Platform “Sesmarias do Império Luso-Brasileiro”, seeking to falsify the general hypothesis. In the end, the first conclusions of this research will make it possible to reformulate the general hypothesis (if they were falsified by historical data) or a theoretical contribution to the discussion about the history of legal practice and legal ideas in Colonial Brazil.