bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiR‐9 promotes multiple myeloma progression by regulating TRIM56/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Huang Guoqiang , Liu Xiaopeng , Zhao Xiaoying , Zhao Jing , Hao Jinxia , Ren Juan , Chen Ying 
Published: January 2019

AbstractmiR‐9 has been reported to play a pivotal role in multiple human cancers by acting as an oncogene or tumor suppressor. In this study, we explored the possible role and molecular mechanism of miR‐9 in multiple myeloma (MM). The miR‐9 expression was examined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay. Transfection with miR‐9‐mimics, miR‐9‐inhibitor, pcDNA‐TRIM56, or si‐TRIM56 into cells was used to change the expression levels of miR‐9 and TRIM56. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of TRIM56, p65, p‐p65, IκBα, and p‐IκBα. The potential target of miR‐9 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. The 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry were used to assess the abilities of cell proliferation and apoptosis. miR‐9 was upregulated in MM patients and cell lines, and miR‐9 overexpression promoted proliferation and repressed apoptosis in MM cell lines. TRIM56 was confirmed as a target of miR‐9. Moreover, TRIM56 reversed miR‐9‐mediated pro‐proliferation and anti‐apoptosis effect on MM cell lines. Furthermore, nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway was involved in miR‐9/TRIM56‐mediated regulation on MM cell lines. miR‐9 promoted the development and progression of MM by regulating TRIM56/NF‐κB pathway, thereby providing a potential microRNA‐based target for MM therapy.
Impact of baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate on inhospital outcomes of patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: A China acute myocardial infarction registry study
Authors: Jia Sida , Zhao Yanyan , Yang Jingang , Zhao Xueyan , Xu Haiyan , Gao Runlin , Wang Qingsheng , Li Junnong , Yuan Jinqing , Yang Yuejin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the relationship between inhospital outcomes and different estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) and determine an optimal eGFR cutoff value for predicting risk in patients with renal insufficiency (RI).BackgroundRI is a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the cutoff value of the eGFR is questionable.MethodsWe included 10,240 patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary PCI from January 2013 to January 2016 who participated in the China Acute Myocardial Infarction registry. RI was defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients were stratified into five eGFR groups to determine the optimal cutoff value: <30, 30–45, 45–60, 60–90, and > 90 mL/min/1.73 m2.ResultsOverall, 1,112 (10.9%) patients had eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients with eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2 had a significantly higher incidence of all‐cause death and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) than those with eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Occurrence trend test analysis revealed that the incidence of inhospital all‐cause death and MACCEs increased as the eGFR decreased. In logistic multivariate‐adjusted analysis, eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 was associated with a higher incidence of all‐cause death and MACCEs than eGFR >90 mL/min/1.73 m2.ConclusionsRI is common among patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI. A low eGFR is an indicator of worse inhospital prognosis. We suggest an eGFR cutoff value of 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 to predict inhospital deaths and MACCEs.
Cytotoxicity of Shear Exfoliated Pnictogen (As, Sb, Bi) Nanosheets
Authors: Chia Hui Ling , Latiff Naziah Mohamad , Gusmão Rui , Sofer Zdeněk , Pumera Martin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe experimental achievement of phosphorene, which exhibits superior electronic, physical, and optical properties has spurred recent interest in other Group 15 elemental 2D nanomaterials such as arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene. These unique and superior properties of the pnictogen nanosheets have spurred intensive research efforts and led to the discovery of their diversified potential applications; for instance, optical Kerr material, photonic devices, pnictogen‐decorated microfibers, high‐speed transistors, and flexible 2D electronics. Previous studies have mainly been dedicated to study the synthesis, properties, and applications of the heavy pnictogens nanosheets; however, the toxicological behaviour of these nanosheets has yet to be established. Herein, the cytotoxicity study of pnictogen nanosheets (As, Sb, and Bi) was conducted over 24 h of incubation with various concentrations of test materials and adenocarcinoma human lung epithelial A549 cells. After the treatment period, the remaining cell viabilities were obtained through absorbance measurements with WST‐8 and MTT assays. These findings demonstrate that the toxicity of pnictogen nanosheets decreases down Group 15, whereby arsenic nanosheets are considered to be the most toxic, whereas bismuth nanosheets induce low cytotoxicity. The findings of this study constitute an important initial step towards enhancing our understanding of the toxicological effects of pnictogen nanosheets in light of their prospective commercial applications.
Infrared Spectra of the HAnX and H2AnX2 Molecules (An=Th and U, X=Cl and Br) in Argon Matrices Supported by Electronic Structure Calculations
Authors: Li Lin , Stüker Tony , Andrews Lester , Beckers Helmut , Riedel Sebastian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUranium and thorium hydrides are known as functional groups for ligand stabilized complexes and as isolated molecules under matrix isolation conditions. Here, the new molecular products of the reactions of laser‐ablated U and Th atoms with HCl and with HBr, namely HUCl, HUBr and HThCl, HThBr, based on their mid and far infrared spectra in solid argon, are reported. The assignment of these species is based on the close agreement between observed and calculated vibrational frequencies. The H−U and U−35Cl stretching modes of HUCl were observed at 1404.6 and 323.8 cm−1, respectively. Using DCl instead to form DUCl gives absorption bands at 1003.1 and 314.7 cm−1. The corresponding bands of HThCl are 1483.8 (H−Th) and 1058.0 (D−Th), as well as 340.3 and 335.8 cm−1 (Th−35Cl), respectively. HUBr is observed at 1410.6 cm−1 and the BP86 computed shift from HUCl is 6.2 cm−1 in excellent agreement. The U−H stretching frequency increases from 1383.1 (HUF), 1404.6 (HUCl), 1410.6 (HUBr) to 1423.6 cm−1 (UH) as less electronic charge is removed from the U−H bond by the less electronegative substituent. These U−H stretching frequencies follow the Mayer bond orders calculated for the three HUX molecules. A similar trend is found for the Th counterparts. Additional absorptions are assigned to the H2AnX2 molecules (An=U, Th, X=Cl, Br) formed by the exothermic reaction of a second HX molecule with the above primary products.
Deactivation study of Ru‐Sn‐B/Al2O3 catalysts during selective hydrogenation of methyl oleate to fatty alcohol
Authors: Sánchez María A. , Vicerich María A. , Mazzieri Vanina A. , Gioria Esteban , Gutierrez Laura B. , Pieck Carlos L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this work, the deactivation of the Ru‐Sn‐B/Al2O3 catalyst prepared by the incipient wetness method in the selective hydrogenation reaction of methyl oleate to fatty alcohol was studied. There was a decrease in both the activity and selectivity of fatty alcohol during successive reaction experiments. The fresh and deactivated catalysts were evaluated by different techniques such as TPR, XPS, TGA, Raman, and FTIR to determine the deactivation causes. Lower Ru and Sn content were found in the deactivated catalyst due to the loss of the active material during hydrogenation reaction. As the metal loss was more important for Ru than for Sn, the Ru/Sn ratio was changed, leading to a decrease of the selectivity. Moreover, the analysis of the XPS peak by the deconvolution of Sn species suggests the more active (SnOx) species for selective hydrogenation are more affected than the less selective (SnOy). Coke deposition was not observed by Raman and FTIR.
Chloroform aerobic cometabolic biodegradation in a continuous‐flow reactor: Model calibration by means of the gauss‐newton method
Authors: Frascari Dario , Pinelli Davide , Ciavarelli Roberta , Nocentini Massimo , Zama Fabiana 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChlorinated solvents are toxic and poorly biodegradable pollutants frequently found in contaminated aquifers. Experimental data of chloroform (CF) aerobic cometabolic biodegradation in a sand column with butane as growth substrate were simulated with a system of non‐stationary second‐order partial differential equations with non‐linear kinetic terms. A MATLAB optimization code based on the Gauss‐Newton method and coupled with the Comsol Multiphysics finite elements solver was developed to calibrate the model. For each experimental phase, the best‐fit quality was evaluated by an innovative multi‐variable model adequacy test. The proposed code solved systems of up to 5 partial differential equations and optimized up to 6 unknown parameters, leading to statistically acceptable best‐fits. The optimization of the butane/oxygen pulsed feed led to an 82 % CF biodegradation and to a 0.27 gCF/gbutane transformation yield. When the substrate/pollutant ratio was minimized, the standard model of aerobic cometabolism initially tested required additional terms aimed at taking into account the depletion of reducing energy, in order to attain a statistically acceptable best‐fit. This is the first work in which a model of aerobic cometabolism taking into account reducing energy availability was applied to a continuous‐flow process. The proposed optimization code can be used for model calibration in a wide range of physical problems described by non‐stationary, non‐linear partial differential equations, a task that no commercial software can perform. The developed code is made available in the Supplementary Material.
Enhancement of low‐temperature lignite pyrolysis by recycled carbocoal for high‐quality tar in fixed‐bed reactor
Authors: Liu Tao , Guo Qingjie , Chang Guozhang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLignite could be converted to high value‐added char and tar through a pyrolysis process. To improve the tar yield as well as the quality of tar/char during a low temperature (550 °C) lignite pyrolysis (LT‐LP) process, the influence of mixing inexpensive and accessible recycled carbocoal with three kinds of lignite was investigated in a fixed‐bed reactor. The LT‐LP processes with and without recycled carbocoal were investigated using a TGA and were compared in detail. The results indicated that the addition of the recycled carbocoal into the three lignite optimized the light tar yield from 4.63, 3.33, and 2.09 g/g to 10.50, 6.10, and 5.01 g/g, and improved the gasification reactivity of the chars up to 2.88, 2.58, and 2.88 h−1, respectively. To identify the role of recycled carbocoal during the LT‐LP process, the obtained products, such as tar and char, were characterized by chromatography, thermal gravimetric analyzer, chromatograph‐mass spectrometer, elemental analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope. It was demonstrated that the existence of the recycled carbocoal could impede the self‐polymerization of small molecule hydrogen‐containing (SM‐HC) free radicals and cut down the reactions between SM‐HC and hydroxyl radicals at the weak‐bonds breaking zone (300–450 °C), thereby supplying sufficient free radical stabilizers for the tar intermediates at the molecular skeleton region (450–550 °C). The high‐valued tar and char were obtained. In summary, the employment of recycled carbocoal during the LT‐LP process could not only promote the economic benefit of LT‐LP products but also reduce the cost of lignite value‐added utilization.
Experimental and kinetics study on oxidation of three‐component in supercritical water
Authors: Zhang Jie , Lu Jinling , Chen Senlin , He Denghui , Huang Rui , Luo XingQi 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe supercritical water oxidation of a methanol, acetic acid, and phenol mixture was investigated in this study. The experimental design was accomplished by means of response surface methodology. 16 experimental runs were performed in a continuous tubular reactor. Quadratic polynomial equations with a satisfactory data fit and accuracy were established on the basis of the experimental results. The calculation results demonstrate the promotion behaviour of methanol, the inhibition behaviour of acetic acid, and the positive effect of phenol on the supercritical water oxidation of the ternary mixture. The interactive effect of the mechanism was characterized by means of the computational simulation with the mechanism‐based kinetic model. It seems that the positive influence of methanol was derived from the co‐oxidation effect of the methanol in the destruction of both acetic acid and phenol. The oxidation of acetic acid was restrained in the mixture system, which is attributed to the more favourable radical capture for phenol, and, thus, the overall disappearance kinetics was retarded with the addition of acetic acid. Finally, the co‐oxidation enhancement of both methanol and acetic acid related to phenol oxidation in supercritical water contributed to the positive effect of phenol on mixture oxidation efficiencies.
Prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia in patients with premature myocardial infarction
Authors: Cui Yuxia , Li Sufang , Zhang Feng , Song Junxian , Lee Chongyou , Wu Manyan , Chen Hong 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic cause of premature myocardial infarction (PMI). Early diagnosis of FH is critical for prognosis.HypothesisTo investigate the prevalence of FH among a cohort of Chinese patients with PMI using genetic testing, and to evaluate different diagnostic criteria.MethodsA total of 225 consecutive PMI patients were recruited. Low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein B (APOB), proprotein convertase subtilisin‐kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and low‐density lipoprotein receptor adaptor protein 1 (LDLRAP1) genes were detected by Sanger sequencing. FH was diagnosed using the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) criteria and modified DLCN criteria, respectively. The prevalence and clinical features of FH were analyzed.ResultsIn all PMI patients, pathogenic mutations of LDLR, APOB, PCSK9 and LDLRAP1 genes were found in 10 of 225 patients. Among all mutations, four mutations (LDLR c.129G>C, LDLR c.1867A>T, LDLRAP1 c.65G>C, and LDLRAP1 c.274G>A) were newly discovered. The prevalence of FH diagnosed by genetic testing was 4.4%. The prevalence of definite/probable FH diagnosed by DLCN and modified DLCN criteria reached 8.0% and 23.6%, respectively, and the mutation rates were 33.3% and 12.2%, respectively. The low‐density lipo‐protein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels in PMI patients with FH were far from goal attainment. Only one of the FH patients had LDL‐C <2.5 mmol/L, and none of them had LDL‐C <1.8 mmol/L.ConclusionsThe prevalence of FH among Chinese patients with PMI appeared relatively common. Underdiagnosis and undertreatment of FH are still a big problem, which should arouse a widespread concern.
Synthesis and Immunomodulatory Activity of Fluorine‐Containing Bisphosphonates
Authors: Mizuta Satoshi , Tagod Mohammed S. O. , Iwasaki Masashi , Nakamura Yoichi , Senju Hiroaki , Mukae Hiroshi , Morita Craig T. , Tanaka Yoshimasa 
Published: January 2019

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade using anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 or anti‐CTLA‐4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, many types of cancer do not respond and for those that do, only a minority of patients achieve durable remissions. Therefore, oncoimmunologists are working to develop adoptive cell therapies for non‐hematopoietic tumors by harnessing immune effector cells such as αβ T cells and γδ T cells. In contrast to conventional αβ T cells that recognize peptides in the context of MHC class I or II molecules, γδ T cells expressing Vγ2Vδ2 T cell receptors (also termed Vγ9Vδ2) are stimulated by isoprenoid metabolites (phosphoantigens) such as isopentenyl diphosphate in a butyrophilin‐3A1‐dependent manner. Vγ2Vδ2 T cells kill almost all types of tumor cells that have been treated with bisphosphonates. In this study, we synthesized a series of fluorine‐containing bisphosphonates based on current drugs and found that they stimulated Vγ2Vδ2 T cell killing of tumor cells. A fluorine‐containing prodrug analogue of zoledronate where phosphonate moieties were masked with pivaloyloxymethyl groups markedly enhanced Vγ2Vδ2 T‐cell‐mediated cytotoxicity, and also promoted the expansion of peripheral blood Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. These results demonstrate that a prodrug of a fluorine‐containing zoledronate analogue can sensitize tumor cells for killing as well as expand Vγ2Vδ2 T cells for adoptive cell therapy.
Atomic Layer Deposition of NiOOH/Ni(OH)2 on PIM‐1‐Based N‐Doped Carbon Nanofibers for Electrochemical Water Splitting in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Patil Bhushan , Satilmis Bekir , Khalily Mohammad Aref , Uyar Tamer 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPortable and flexible energy devices demand lightweight and highly efficient catalytic materials for use in energy devices. An efficient water splitting electrocatalyst is considered an ideal future energy source. Well‐aligned high‐surface‐area electrospun polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM‐1)‐based nitrogen‐doped carbon nanofibers were prepared as a free‐standing flexible electrode. A non‐noble‐metal catalyst NiOOH/Ni(OH)2 was precisely deposited over flexible free‐standing carbon nanofibers by using atomic layer deposition (ALD). The morphology, high surface area, nitrogen doping, and Ni states synergistically showed a low onset potential (ηHER=−40 and ηOER=290 mV vs. reversible hydrogen electrode), small overpotential at η10 [oxygen evolution reaction (OER)=390.5 mV and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)=−147 mV], excellent kinetics (Tafel slopes for OER=50 mV dec−1 and HER=41 mV dec−1), and high stability (>16 h) towards water splitting in an alkaline medium (0.1 m KOH). The performance was comparable with that of state‐of‐the‐art noble‐metal catalysts (e.g., Ir/C, Ru/C for OER, and Pt/C for HER). Post‐catalytic characterization with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy further proved the durability of the electrode. This study provides insight into the design of 1D‐aligned N‐doped PIM‐1 electrospun carbon nanofibers as a flexible and free‐standing NiOOH/Ni(OH)2 decorated electrode as a highly stable nanocatalyst for water splitting in an alkaline medium.
Regioselective Hydrogenation of Itaconic Acid to γ‐Isovalerolactone by Transition‐Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts
Authors: Gowda Ravikumar R. , Chen Eugene Y.‐X. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCurrent methods for hydrogenation of bio‐derived itaconic acid (IA) lead to a mixture of isomeric lactone products. Transition‐metal nanoparticles (TM‐NPs), in situ‐generated through thermolysis of TM(0) (Ru, Fe, W, Cr) carbonyls, in particular Ru‐NPs, were found to catalyze regioselective hydrogenation of IA by syngas (2 H2/CO) into γ‐isovalerolactone (GiVL) in approximately 70 % isolated yield. Key sustainability features of this new route include: a one‐pot direct transformation of bio‐renewable IA into value‐added GiVL selectively, use of inexpensive and renewable syngas in aqueous solution, and development of a supported recyclable NP catalyst system, Al2O3‐Ru‐NPs.
Nature‐inspired meta‐heuristic algorithms for solving the load balancing problem in the software‐defined network
Authors: Akbar Neghabi Ali , Jafari Navimipour Nima , Hosseinzadeh Mehdi , Rezaee Ali 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe growth of the networks has difficult network management. Recently, a concept called software‐defined network (SDN) has been proposed to address this issue, which makes network management more adaptable. Control and forwarding planes are separated in SDN. The control plane is a centralized logical controller that controls the network. The forwarding plane that consists of transfer devices is responsible for transmitting packets. Because the network resources are limited, optimizing the use of resources in the networks is an important issue. Load balancing improves the balanced distribution of loads across multiple resources in order to maximize the reliability and network resources efficiency. SDN controllers can create an optimal load balancing compared to traditional networks because they have a network global view. The load‐balancing problem can be solved using many different nature‐inspired meta‐heuristic techniques because it has the NP‐complete nature. Hence, for solving load balancing problem in SDN, nature‐inspired meta‐heuristic techniques are important methods. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is not a survey or systematic review on studying these matters. Accordingly, in the area of the load balancing in the SDN, this paper reviews systematically the nature‐inspired meta‐heuristic techniques. Also, this study demonstrates advantages and disadvantages regarded of the chosen nature‐inspired meta‐heuristic techniques and considers their algorithms metrics. Moreover, to apply better load balancing techniques in the future, the important challenges of these techniques have been investigated.
Oncocytic poorly differentiated (insular) thyroid carcinoma mimicking metastatic adenocarcinoma. A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Laforga Juan B. , Cortés Virginia A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe report the cytohistologic and immunohistochemical findings of an oncocytic variant of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma in a 76‐year old man with a prior history of prostatic adenocarcinoma. The man complained of a palpable nodule in the right thyroid lobe and cervical lymph node. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) in both cases yielded solid clusters of cells/insulae, microfollicles, and isolated atypical cells. Considering the patient's past history, an initial diagnosis of metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma was considered. However, immunohistochemical staining of liquid‐based cytology specimens (Thin‐Prep) showed diffuse positive results for TTF‐1 and thyroglobulin. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral neck dissection. Histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation showed a poorly differentiated oncocytic thyroid carcinoma with lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastases. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the immunocytochemical evaluation of this rare variant of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma using FNA and liquid based cytology.
The microbiota–gut–brain axis: A promising avenue to foster healthy developmental outcomes
Authors: Brett Bonnie E. , de Weerth Carolina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFostering healthy developmental growth in the first years of life is associated with numerous favorable cognitive, social, and economic outcomes. Funding and promoting research aimed at identifying potential targets for early intervention should be a top priority for lawmakers and funders. One promising avenue of research and potential early intervention is the microbiota–gut–brain axis. In this report, we briefly examine the role of the gut microbiota in human life, focusing on links with health, cognition, and behavior. We then discuss the development of the gut microbiota and the critical early window in which colonization occurs. Then, we review current nonnutritive means of influencing the gut microbiota in early life. Finally, we discuss the implications this work has for early intervention in low‐income communities and end with recommendations regarding further research and research funding priorities.