bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of maximum height of endemic woody seed plants in relation to environmental factors in China
Authors: Yu Ruoyun , Liu Hua , Huang Jihong , Lu Xinghui , Zang Runguo , Ma Keping , Guo Zhongjun , Ding Yi , Li Huan , Liu Yibo , Li Qian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe maximum height of plants is an important trait determining community structure and ecosystem function. However, the variation in maximum plant height along large‐scale environmental gradients is still largely unknown. Here, data of maximum height for 2796 endemic woody seed plant species and 23 environmental variables (climate, space, and soil) were collected in China. Distribution patterns of maximum plant height were detected, and the relative importance of different environmental variables to maximum plant height was also determined. The maximum height of 2439 Chinese endemic woody seed plant species was lower than 16 m. The number of endemic woody seed plant species decreased gradually with increasing maximum plant height. At the county level, the mean maximum plant height (MMPH) of endemic woody seed plant species had an increasing trend from northwest to southeast across China. The environmental factors explained 19% of the variance in MMPH, among which climate explained more variation in MMPH than did space and soil. The most important predictors of MMPH were mean temperature of the warmest quarter, annual mean temperature, temperature seasonality, and altitude. These results demonstrate that the maximum height of endemic woody seed plants across China strongly responds to temperature. Our findings provide the first study elucidating the patterns in maximum height of Chinese endemic woody seed plants and identifying the most influential environmental factors for the variation in this trait, which will contribute to the development of sounder theory on the macropatterns of plant distribution.
Health and broader community benefit of parkrun—An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Sharman Melanie J. , Nash Meredith , Cleland Verity 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIssue addressedparkrun is a free, weekly, timed, international mass community 5‐km walk/run event. Unlike other paid events, parkrun attracts populations harder to engage in physical activity (PA) (eg, women, those with overweight/obesity or illness/injury/disability). This exploratory qualitative study investigated the individual, social and environmental factors associated with parkrun's broad appeal in Australia.MethodsTasmanian parkrunners who completed a quantitative survey (2016) were purposively recruited for a 2017 interview study. Semistructured interviews focused on reasons for parkrun participation. Data saturation was achieved by the tenth interview. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsFour themes emerged: (a) participation facilitators and barriers; (b) PA gain and broader community benefit; (c) social connections/networks; and (d) organisational issues. Appealing characteristics of parkrun included strong social support, performance gain opportunities, socialising, inclusivity (eg, all ages/abilities), sense of community, positive atmosphere and accessibility (eg, no cost and convenience). Some participants reported that parkrun had stimulated gains in their total PA (not always limited to walking/running) and that parkrun may also result in other community benefits (eg, supporting local businesses, fee‐based running club/event participation and “parkrun tourism”). Most participants first attended parkrun because of encouragement from their social networks, and participants subsequently encouraged others to attend. Participants found parkrun events well organised, but identified some potential threats (eg, local politics).ConclusionsSocial factors appeared critical in driving initial and ongoing parkrun participation. parkrun may lead to wider community benefits beyond that gained through increased individual PA. These findings highlight the “success factors” driving parkrun participation and provide insights for other community‐based PA promotion activities.
Hydrological dynamics of prairie pothole wetlands: Dominant processes and landscape controls under contrasted conditions
Authors: Haque Aminul , Ali Genevieve , Badiou Pascal 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNumerous studies have examined the impact of prairie pothole wetlands on overall watershed dynamics. However, very few have looked at individual wetland dynamics across a continuum of alteration status using subdaily hydrometric data. Here, the importance of surface and subsurface water storage dynamics in the prairie pothole region was documented by (1) characterizing surface fill–spill dynamics in intact and consolidated wetlands; (2) quantifying water‐table fluctuations and the occurrence of overland flow downslope of fully drained wetlands; (3) assessing the relation (or lack thereof) between intact, consolidated or drained wetland hydrological behaviour, and stream dynamics; and (4) relating wetland hydrological behaviour to landscape characteristics. Focus was on southwestern Manitoba, Canada, where ten intact, three consolidated, seven fully drained wetlands, and a nearby creek were monitored over two years with differing antecedent storage conditions. Hourly hydrological time series were used to compute behavioural metrics reflective of year‐specific and season‐specific wetland dynamics. Behavioural metrics were then correlated to wetland physical characteristics to identify landscape controls on wetland hydrology. Predictably, more frequent spillage or overland flow was observed when antecedent storage was high. Consolidated wetlands had a high degree of water permanence and a greater frequency of fill–spill events than intact wetlands. Shallow and highly responsive water tables were present downslope of fully drained wetlands. Potential wetland–stream connectivity was also inferred via time‐series analysis, while some landscape characteristics (e.g., wetland surface, catchment area, and storage volume) strongly correlated with wetland behavioural metrics. The nonstationarity of dominant processes was, however, evident through the lack of consistent correlations across seasons. This, therefore, highlights the importance of combining multiyear high‐frequency hydrometric data and detailed landscape analyses in wetland hydrology studies.
Seasonal transition of hydrological processes in a slow‐moving landslide in a snowy region
Authors: Osawa Hikaru , Matsushi Yuki , Matsuura Sumio , Okamoto Takashi , Shibasaki Tatsuya , Hirashima Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA comprehensive understanding of seasonal hydrological dynamics is required to describe the influence of pore‐water pressure on the stability of landslides in snowy regions. This study reports on the results of continuous meteorological and hydrological observations over 2 years on a landslide body comprising Neogene sedimentary rocks in northern Japan, where a thick (3–5 m) seasonal snowpack covers the land surface. Monitoring of the volumetric water content in shallow unsaturated zones (<0.8 m depth) and pore‐water pressure in saturated bedrock at depths of 2.0 and 5.2 m revealed clear seasonality in hydrological responses to rainfall and meltwater supply. During snow‐free periods, both the shallow soil moisture and deep pore‐water pressure responded rapidly to intense rainwater infiltration. In contrast, during snowmelt, the deep pore pressure fluctuated in accordance with the daily cycle of meltwater input, without notable changes in shallow moisture conditions. During occasional foehn events that cause intense snow melting in midwinter, meltwater flows preferentially through the layered snowpack, converging to produce a localized water supply at the ground surface. This episodically triggers a significant rise in pore‐water pressure. The seasonal differences in hydrological responses were characterized by a set of newly proposed indices for the magnitude and quickness of increases in the pressure head near the sliding surface. Under snow‐covered conditions, the magnitude of the pressure increase tends to be suppressed, probably owing to a reduction in infiltration caused by a seasonal decrease in the permeability of surface soils, and effective pore‐water drainage through the highly conductive colluvial layer. Deep groundwater flow within bedrock remained in a steady upwelling state, enhanced by increasing moisture in shallow soils under snow cover, reflecting the convergence of subsurface water from surrounding hillslopes.
Revision as Dialogue: Exploring Question Posing in Writing Response
Authors: Pedersen Joelle 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAs a component of dialogic writing response, question posing is an essential strategy for crafting meaningful writing experiences. The author used qualitative content analysis to explore the question‐posing feedback provided by eight secondary English teacher candidates in response to literary essays by ninth graders. Findings indicate that despite a focus on dialogic writing processes in their Methods course, teacher candidates defaulted to skills‐based views of language use and policed student discourse in ways that aligned with the policy climate and their own experiences of schooling. Three different question types were identified: power‐concealing, power‐conserving, and power‐conferring. The author argues that the power‐conferring questions helped deepen students’ textual analysis and allowed for ownership over the writing process, resulting in meaningful revisions. The author concludes with an inquiry framework designed to help teachers interrogate how their assumptions about writing and students’ literate selves manifest in their writing feedback.
Detecting an induced subdivision of K4
Authors: Le Ngoc Khang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this article, we propose a polynomial‐time algorithm to test whether a given graph contains a subdivision of K4 as an induced subgraph. This continues the study of detecting an induced subdivision of H for some fixed graph H, which is still far from being complete. Our result answers a question by Chudnovsky et al. and Lévêque et al.
Initial excited‐state structural dynamics of uridine from resonance Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Sasidharanpillai Swaroop , Dempster Steve P. , Loppnow Glen R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe effect of the N1 ribose sugar on the initial excited‐state structural dynamics of uridine is explored with ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy. Excited‐state slopes and broadening parameters were obtained by simulating the resonance Raman excitation profiles and absorption spectrum using a self‐consistent, time‐dependent formalism. The initial excited‐state structural dynamics of uridine look similar to those of uracil, in terms of the distribution of percentage of reorganization energy along different modes, but there is an overall decrease in the excited‐state slopes along most of the modes in uridine compared with uracil. Only about 30% of the total initial reorganization energy in both uracil and uridine are oriented along the photochemically reactive coordinates. The results are also similar to those of thymine and thymidine, upon attachment of the sugar. These differences between thymine, thymidine, uracil and uridine are examined, and the possible effect on the resulting differences in photochemistry is discussed.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of the reaction of RO2 radicals with OH radicals: Dependence of the HO2 yield on the size of the alkyl group
Authors: Assaf Emmanuel , Schoemaecker Coralie , Vereecken Luc , Fittschen Christa 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe HO2 yield in the reaction of peroxy radicals with OH radicals has been determined experimentally at 50 Torr helium by measuring simultaneously OH and HO2 concentration time profiles, following the photolysis of XeF2 in the presence of different hydrocarbons and O2. The following yields have been obtained: = (0.90 ± 0.1), = (0.75 ± 0.15), = (0.41 ± 0.08), and = (0.15 ± 0.03). The clear decrease in HO2 yield with increasing size of the alkyl moiety can be explained by an increased stabilization of the trioxide adduct, ROOOH. This has been confirmed by ab initio and Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus master equation calculations. Extrapolation of the experimental results to atmospheric conditions shows that the stabilized adduct, ROOOH, is the nearly exclusive product of the reaction between OH radicals and peroxy radicals containing more than three C‐atoms. The fate and possible impact of these species is completely unexplored so far.
Ecosystem scale nitrification and watershed support of tidal creek productivity revealed using whole system isotope tracer labeling
Authors: Duernberger Kimberley A. , Tobias Craig R. , Mallin Michael A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTidal creeks are common coastal features of low‐slope continental margins that connect nitrogen (N)‐replete watersheds to N‐limited coastal oceans. We conducted a 3‐week whole tidal creek 15
tracer labeling experiment to quantify creek‐scale
inputs and transformations and to evaluate ecosystem dependence on watershed
delivery. Isotopic 15N enrichments of creek
were hundreds to thousands of per mil depending on tidal stage and watershed discharge. We detected tracer movement into microalgae, macrophytes, zooplankton, epifauna, water column ammonium, and bulk sediments throughout the tidal prism. Tracer enrichment of dissolved N2 was detected along the study reach and permitted estimation of denitrification at the whole‐system scale. All data were used to build a
isotope budget to quantify whole system nitrification and to calibrate a first order biota tracer model that yielded species‐specific turnover times and estimates of how much N demand was ultimately derived from the labeled creek 15
. Combining results from the
isotope budget and the biota tracer model supported the following conclusions: (1) Under base flow conditions, the watershed flux of
was small compared to the amount of
produced within the creek via nitrification; (2) Approximately half of all
inputs to the creek were attenuated within the creek principally by biological assimilation prior to downstream transport; (3) Biological uptake reduced watershed derived
loads by ∼ 50%, but the majority of their N requirement was generated within the creek.
Fermented Soybean Suppresses Visceral Fat Accumulation in Mice
Authors: Kushida Mamoru , Okouchi Ran , Iwagaki Yui , Asano Masaki , Du Ming Xuan , Yamamoto Kazushi , Tsuduki Tsuyoshi 
Published: June 2018

ScopeMice are fed a soybean diet before or after fermentation in the present work to allow direct comparison of the antiobesity effect of fermentation.MethodsC57BL6J mice were fed high‐fat diets containing boiled soybeans (prefermentation) or Natto (postfermentation) for 4 weeks. Prefermented cooked soybeans or Natto was added at levels of 2.5 and 5%, which are the amounts that can be ingested in a normal diet once and twice a day. In addition, mice gut microbiota from fecal samples were analyzed to explore the mechanisms of effects caused by fermentation.ResultsNatto intake significantly reduced visceral fat in a dose‐dependent manner, inhibited hypertrophy of adipocytes, improved carbohydrate metabolism, and reduced oxidative stress. These effects were seen in mice fed soybeans before fermentation, but were stronger in mice fed Natto. Therefore, soybean intake has beneficial effects and fermentation of soybeans enhances these effects. Natto was found to suppress fatty acid synthesis and promote fatty acid catabolism in the liver. These effects were also stronger with Natto compared with soybeans before fermentation. In addition, Natto had more potent beneficial effects on gut microbiota compared to soybeans.ConclusionsThese results suggest that Natto intake supports maintenance of health.
Two methods for reducing moving metal artifacts in cone‐beam CT
Authors: Hahn Andreas , Knaup Michael , Brehm Marcus , Sauppe Sebastian , Kachelrieß Marc 
Published: June 2018

PurposeIn image‐guided radiation therapy, fiducial markers or clips are often used to determine the position of the tumor. These markers lead to streak artifacts in cone‐beam CT (CBCT) scans. Standard inpainting‐based metal artifact reduction (MAR) methods fail to remove these artifacts in cases of large motion. We propose two methods to effectively reduce artifacts caused by moving metal inserts.MethodsThe first method (MMAR) utilizes a coarse metal segmentation in the image domain and a refined segmentation in the rawdata domain. After an initial reconstruction, metal is segmented and forward projected giving a coarse metal mask in the rawdata domain. Inside the coarse mask, metal is segmented by utilizing a 2D Sobel filter. Metal is removed by linear interpolation in the refined metal mask. The second method (MoCoMAR) utilizes a motion compensation (MoCo) algorithm [Med Phys. 2013;40:101913] that provides us with a motion‐free volume (3D) or with a time series of motion‐free volumes (4D). We then apply the normalized metal artifact reduction (NMAR) [Med Phys. 2010;37:5482–5493] to these MoCo volumes. Both methods were applied to three CBCT data sets of patients with metal inserts in the thorax or abdomen region and a 4D thorax simulation. The results were compared to volumes corrected by a standard MAR1 [Radiology. 1987;164:576–577].ResultsMMAR and MoCoMAR were able to remove all artifacts caused by moving metal inserts for the patients and the simulation. Both new methods outperformed the standard MAR1, which was only able to remove artifacts caused by metal inserts with little or no motion.ConclusionsIn this work, two new methods to remove artifacts caused by moving metal inserts are introduced. Both methods showed good results for a simulation and three patients. While the first method (MMAR) works without any prior knowledge, the second method (MoCoMAR) requires a respiratory signal for the MoCo step and is computationally more demanding and gives no benefit over MMAR, unless MoCo images are desired.
Post‐polymerization modification by nitroxide radical coupling
Authors: Coiai Serena , Passaglia Elisa , Cicogna Francesca 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPost‐polymerization modification is an attractive approach to extend applications and convert commodity plastics into products with new, desirable and tunable properties. Among the post‐polymerization modification methods, the nitroxide radical coupling (NRC) reaction has been shown to be a convenient and versatile way to graft specific functionalities onto polymer chains and to control the onset and yield of polymer crosslinking during peroxide‐initiated processes. The use of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) and its derivatives as controllers of scorch in crosslinking and as functionalizers in functionalization reactions is thoroughly described. Examples are also given of graft polymerization from macroalkoxyamines generated by NRC and grafting of nitroxides by irradiation processes. In addition, in this review we attempt to demonstrate the broad applications of the NRC reaction in the preparation of polymers with a multitude of functionalities and elaborate architectures. The examples discussed here concern the use of atom transfer and single electron transfer NRC reactions to design a variety of polymers with asymmetrical structure and the use of the radical crossover reaction, based on the alkoxyamine dynamic covalent bond, to generate reversible polymer structures and switchable functional polymers. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
To beat, or not to beat, that is question! The spectrum of ciliopathies
Authors: Kempeneers Céline , Chilvers Mark A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCilia are widely distributed throughout the human body, and have numerous roles in physiology, development, and disease. Ciliary ultrastructure is complex, consisting of nine parallel microtubules doublets, with or without motor dynein arms and a central pair of microtubules. Classification of cilia has evolved over time, and currently, four main classes are described: motile and non‐motile cilia with a “9 + 2” structure, and motile and non‐motile cilia with a “9 + 0” structure, which depend on the presence or absence of dynein arms and a central pair. Ciliopathies are inherited multisystem disorders of cilia, and may present with a varied spectrum of genotypes and phenotypes. Motor and sensory ciliopathies were historically considered as distinct dysfunctions of motile and non‐motile cilia, but recent data indicate that the classical features of motor and sensory cilia may overlap.
High prevalence of house dust mite sensitization in children with severe asthma living at high altitude in a tropical country
Authors: Duenas‐Meza Elida , Torres‐Duque Carlos A. , Correa‐Vera Eliana , Suárez Miguel , Vásquez Catalina , Jurado Jenny , del Socorro Medina María , Barón Oscar , Pareja‐Zabala María J. , Giraldo‐Cadavid Luis F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundSome studies, mainly in Europe, have shown a low level of sensitization to house dust mite (HDM) allergens at high altitude (HA). Differently, some others in tropical countries have shown a higher level. The aim of this study was to evaluate allergens sensitization, including HDM, in children with severe asthma (SA), residents at HA in a tropical middle‐income developing country.MethodsObservational, analytical, cross‐sectional study in children aged 6‐15 years old with SA at HA (2640 m). Skin prick tests (SPT), serum IgE, exhaled fraction of nitric oxide (FENO), spirometry, and asthma questionnaire (ACT) were performed. Associations were explored by Pearson or Spearman coefficients.ResultsWe included 61 children. Most patients were male (61.3%), median age: 10 years (Interquartile range [IQR]: 8‐12), median BMI: 17 kg/m2 (IQR: 16‐20); Median of positive SPT: 2 (IQR: 2‐3). At least one SPT was positive in 88.7% of patients and 87.9% were positive for at least one HDM. Serum IgE: 348 UI/mL (IQR: 154‐760) and FENO: 22 ppb (IQR: 9‐41). Prebronchodilator values were (% predicted): FVC: 109.7% (±15.5%), FEV1: 98.4% (±16.3); FEV1/FVC: 82% (±8%). SPT were inversely correlated with the FEV1/FVC (Rho: −0.34; 95% CI: −0.55 a −0.09; P = 0.008).ConclusionsThese children with SA living at HA in a tropical middle‐income developing country have a high prevalence of HDM sensitization. One explanation for this might be that tropical conditions, such as temperature and humidity, could modify the effect of the altitude on asthma.