bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant-level prediction of potato yield using machine learning and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral imagery
Authors: Tatsumi Kenichi , Usami Tamano 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study presents a new method for predicting the underground yield of potato at the plant level, using two key approaches: (1) identifying the critical variables for yield prediction based on plant height and vegetation index (VI) maps derived from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery; (2) evaluating the accuracy of predictions for fresh tuber weight (FTW), number of tubers (NMT), and fresh weight per tuber (FWT), using various machine learning (ML) algorithms. During the growing season of 2022, high-resolution red, green, and blue light and multispectral images were collected weekly using a UAV. In total, 648 variables, including first- and second-order statistical parameters, were extracted from the images. Five feature-selection algorithms were used to identify the key variables influencing the predictions of FTW, NMT, and FWT. Furthermore, ML models, including random forest (RF), ridge regression, and support vector machines, were employed to refine the variable sets for ensuring stable yield component predictions. The results highlighted the importance of considering first- and second-order statistical parameters derived from plant height and VI. Second-order statistics were crucial for predicting the FTW and FWT. The RF model demonstrated high prediction accuracy, with R2 values of 0.57, 0.45, and 0.49 for FTW, NMT, and FWT, respectively, using the best feature selection method. Thus, leveraging RGB and multispectral imagery data recorded that 1.5–2 months before harvest can significantly enhance yield predictions conducted using ML models. The proposed methodology can help farmers growing potatoes or other crops optimize cultivation and predict the yield.
Can American pressure change China?
Authors: Mazarr Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This essay explores the ongoing strategic debate in the U.S. regarding whether to increase pressure on China to change its behavior or governance. It critiques the “maximum pressure” strategy advocated by some analysts and former officials, which draws inspiration from the Cold War tactics used against the Soviet Union. The essay argues that such a strategy is unlikely to succeed and could lead to unintended consequences, including war. It highlights the historical inaccuracies in comparing the current U.S.-China rivalry to the Cold War, noting that the Soviet Union's collapse was not solely due to U.S. pressure but also internal systemic failures. The article concludes that a strategy focused on coercive pressure may trigger a dangerous backlash from China. It stresses the importance of managing the rivalry in a way that acknowledges the limits of American influence.
Mirroring Privacy Risks with Digital Twins: When Pieces of Personal Data Suddenly Fit Together
Authors: Bäumer Frederik Simon , Schultenkämper Sergej , Geierhos Michaela , Lee Yeong Su 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWith the proliferation of social media, more personal information is being shared online than ever before, raising significant privacy concerns. This paper presents a novel approach to identify and mitigate privacy risks by generating digital twins from social media data. We propose a comprehensive framework that includes data collection, processing, and analysis, with special attention to data standardization, pseudonymization, and the use of synthetic data to ensure privacy compliance. We apply and evaluate state-of-the-art techniques such as Large Language Models, Generative Adversarial Networks, and Vision-Language Models to generate synthetic but realistic social media data that support the construction of accurate and representative digital twins while ensuring strict privacy compliance. Our approach demonstrates the potential for digital twins to help identify and mitigate privacy risks associated with social media use. We discuss the value and feasibility of this concept and suggest that further refinement of the techniques and conditions involved is needed.
A comprehensive review on the current status of culture media for routine standardized isolation of Salmonella and Shigella spp. from contaminated food
Authors: Neyaz Leena A. , Alghamdi Hanan S. , Alghashmari Raghad M. , Alswat Shahad S. , Almaghrabi Reem O. , Bazaid Fahad S. , Albarakaty Fawziah M. , Elbanna Khaled , Abulreesh Hussein H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSalmonella spp. is an important foodborne pathogen and a leading cause of foodborne outbreaks worldwide. Shigella spp. is considered an important foodborne pathogen in low-income countries in Asia and Africa, where it is believed to be endemic in these regions. A broad range of selective plating and enrichment media have been formulated to detect and assess Salmonella and Shigella spp. during the outbreaks of food-related infections and regular food surveillance investigations. To date, culture media-based methods remain standard methods for the microbiological analysis of food and are approved by the World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). This review elaborates on current culture media, which are employed in culture-based standard methods for Salmonella and Shigella spp. isolation and detection from food samples. The specificity and regulatory acceptance of time-consuming conventional culturing methods make them ‘gold standard’ pathogen detection protocols. However, alternate strategies become necessary because of culture methods’ low sensitivity and inability to detect viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells. The recent approaches with improved detection efficiencies include molecular techniques (PCR), DNA hybridization, and chromogenic culture media. Similarly, the usage of nanoparticles and immunosensors is also rising for pathogen detection. The integration of novel and conventional approaches could enhance the reliability, and sensitivity of routine pathogen surveillance.
Predefined-time cooperative formation control of heterogeneous unmanned surface vehicle-unmanned aerial vehicle systems with uncertain dynamic estimation
Authors: Zhang Sijie , Cai Wei , Li Yongqi , Zhou Xingyu , Zhang Dianhao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis work addresses the distributed predefined-time cooperative formation of heterogeneous multiagent systems comprising unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with inherent dynamic uncertainties. By transforming the model coordinates, the underactuated heterogeneous USV-UAV systems can be converted into a fully actuated second-order multiagent framework. Subsequently, a predefined-time dynamic observer is designed to estimate the uncertain dynamics of each agent. Combining the backstepping method and the virtual leader model, a predefined-time distributed cooperative formation control based on uncertain dynamic estimation is designed for the heterogeneous USV-UAV systems. The convergence of the formation errors is rigorously demonstrated by constructing a suitable Lyapunov function under a predefined time framework. Ultimately, the two numerical cases in both the fixed and time-varying formation scenarios confirm the effectiveness of the constructed method.
Interweaving Jurisdictions: A Critical Examination of Legal Authority, Sentencing, and Deportation
Authors: Templeman Jessica 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe statutory authorities to remove and to review appeals of removal assigned in the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) exist in a complicated, interweaving relationship with the legal power to sentence held by judges of the criminal court. Judges do not retain the legal authority to decide on removal. Judges do, however, hold the jurisdiction to consider deportation at sentencing. The practice of judicial jurisdiction in turn has potentially significant effects for subsequent practices of jurisdiction under the IRPA, including where judges use their legal power to apply sentences protecting permanent residents from removal and/or losing their right of appeal. Despite these important jurisdictional connections, how judicial authority to consider deportation is enacted has not received scholarly examination. This paper draws from an analysis of case law and interviews to address this gap, tracing how judges practice their jurisdiction when sentencing permanent residents.
Implementation of a clinical research “One Signature Initiative” at a large academic medical center
Authors: Robison Elizabeth Elin , Moy Trina Lynn , Trigg Katelyn Leanna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A clinical research team’s goal is to support the implementation, conduct, and monitoring of research studies and corresponding protocols. There is a need to ensure that study teams have adequate resources and regulatory support to successfully adhere to regulations and good clinical research practices. Our team, the UC Davis Division of Infectious Diseases Research Unit (IDRU), sought to establish a One Signature Initiative program for all studies and protocols supported by the IDRU. The One Signature Initiative designates one point of contact from each ancillary team or department to sign delegation and training logs, who in turn is delegated to train their team. The goals of the One Signature Initiative were, and are still, to reduce task redundancy, lessen regulatory burden on research teams, and minimize audit findings. Since the implementation of the One Signature Initiative in 2023, acceptance has been favorable, and we have expanded its footprint by incorporating it into our standard operating procedures. This article discusses our experiences, and ancillary departments’ experiences, with the One Signature Initiative. Our experience is an example of how a One Signature Initiative can be developed that is efficient, effective, and well-accepted by clinical research stakeholders.
Corrupt Traditions and Traditions of Corruption: Caste, Colonialism, and Corruption in Late Nineteenth-Century India
Authors: Anushree Anubha 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article examines the corruption scandal that exploded in 1889 with the apprehension of Arthur Crawford and the dismissal of several Mamlatdars in colonial western India. Using Ian Hacking's concept of “making up people” and the “looping effect,” this article demonstrates the instability of categories such as corruption and suggests that the everyday life of empire was undergirded by the colonial construction of deviancy to normalize the exceptionality of foreign rule. Additionally, the Crawford-Mamlatdar corruption scandal undercut the imperial ideology of the modernizing state. The corruption network revealed the simultaneity of imperial bureaucratic rationality along with the traditional patronage structures based on indigenous sexual and filial (caste) ties. It was precisely the British investigation that also revealed the reality of the homosocial empire and its privileging of caste recruitments. The Indian challenge to the case brought together rural and urban groups signalling the ascendance of a nationalistic solidarity. The Indians queried the imperial claims of moral superiority. At the same time, they acknowledged “native vulnerabilities” towards corruption, confirming the British stereotype of Indians as inherently corrupt. These selective claims, indicative of the emergence of upper caste, urban, and bourgeois notion of public virtue, signified the iterative nature of the “looping effect.”
‘Here there be monsters’: Confronting the (post)coloniality of Britain’s borders
Authors: Tyerman Thom , van Isacker Travis 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article analyses the (post)colonial politics of UK bordering through the lens of monstrosity. Historicising contemporary bordering within colonial-era monsterisations of racialised people and their mobility, we identify four mechanisms through which migrants are constructed and policed as monsters today: animalisation, zombification, criminalisation, and barbarisation. We then examine how the state embodies monstrosity itself through border policies of deterrence and creating ‘hostile environments’. In addition to the instrumentalisation of horror, this entails extending the border’s reach domestically throughout everyday life and internationally through deportation and externalisation measures. We argue these developments embody a new form of state power, depicted as a headless, tentacled Leviathan. Doing so provides insights into monstrosity as a form of liberal statecraft, the local/global diffusion of bordering, the transnationalisation of sovereign power, and the racialisation of citizenship. It also raises important questions about the construction of border violence as a necessary and legitimate monstrosity in (post)colonial liberal societies, the everyday complicity of citizens, and the limits of efforts to humanise monsterised migrants or reform monstrous state institutions. Revealing how within liberal regimes of citizenship and humanitarianism values ‘there be monsters’, we argue, opens space for thinking about abolitionist alternatives in international politics.
To Bleed‐Off or Not to Bleed‐Off?
Authors: Boyet Auregan , De Simone Silvia , Vilarrasa Víctor 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBleed‐off and shut‐in of injection have been implemented in different Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) in an attempt to mitigate the induced seismicity at and after the injection stop. This article tackles the controversial discussion on the mitigation of the post‐injection induced seismicity through ending fluid injection by either a bleed‐off or a shut‐in. Both scenarios failed to mitigate the occurrence of large magnitude earthquake after stopping injection in numerous EGS. The two protocols are compared by using a seismological forecasting methodology coupled with a hydro‐mechanical model reproducing flow, poroelastic stress and fault failure in a domain including a discrete fault network based on Basel EGS (Switzerland, 2006). Unlike bleed‐off, shut‐in mitigates early post‐injection seismicity by smoothly reducing pressure, and consequently poroelastic stress changes in the modelled Basel EGS. Although post‐injection pore pressure diffusion eventually reaches distant faults and destabilizes them, seismicity is not initiated according to our simulation forecasting.
Climate and Substrate Stoichiometry Co‐Regulate Free‐Living Nitrogen Fixation at Regional and Global Scales
Authors: Dai Haixiao , Liu Zekang , Bahadur Ali , Zheng Mianhai , Wu Jihua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe traditional view holds that the global distribution of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in terrestrial ecosystems is primarily affected by climate, associating certain warm, wet low‐latitude regions with higher BNF rates. However, this view fails to explain the observation of the low free‐living BNF rates in these sites. Here, we conducted two field experiments and a global synthesis to assess the regulatory patterns of free‐living BNF at both regional and global scales. The field experiments showed that the regional distributions of litter free‐living BNF did not necessarily peak at warm and wet sites, due to co‐regulation by climate and substrate stoichiometry (especially carbon:(nitrogen:phosphorus)). Subsequently, the global synthesis demonstrated that these phenomena and co‐regulatory patterns persisted in free‐living BNF in litter and other substrates (e.g., soil) at global scale. Our findings highlight the important role of substrate stoichiometry in regulating the spatial distribution of free‐living BNF.
Dynamical Factors Heavily Modulate the Future Increase of Sub‐Daily Extreme Precipitation in the Alpine‐Mediterranean Region
Authors: Dallan Eleonora , Marra Francesco , Fosser Giorgia , Marani Marco , Borga Marco 
Published: November 2024

AbstractQuantifying the future probability of sub‐daily extreme precipitation in a changing climate is crucial for risk management, engineering, and insurance. Kilometer‐scale convection‐permitting climate models (CPMs) represent convective precipitation and complex terrain more realistically than other climate models, thereby enhancing the representation of sub‐daily extremes. This study employs a novel statistical approach to evaluate projected changes in extreme sub‐daily precipitation and provides a physical interpretation of their driving processes. It focuses on the complex‐topography area of northern Italy, where resides almost half of the Italian population and a significant portion of the Italian economy, with a rich diversity in industry, agriculture, tourism. We use precipitation data from a CPMs ensemble covering three periods: historical (1996–2005), near future (2041–2050), far future (2090–2099) under the RCP8.5 scenario. Sub‐daily to daily precipitation extremes with return periods up to 100 years are examined. We find a general intensification of extremes across all durations (from 1 to 24 hr), stronger at shorter durations and rarer probabilities. Spatial patterns vary with duration, with higher and significant increases emerging in mountainous areas in Eastern Alps and North Apennines. The detected changes cannot be explained by thermodynamics alone, highlighting the modulating role of the changes in atmospheric dynamics. These findings are crucial for enhancing risk management strategies and adapting to natural hazards in a warming climate. This approach may be exploited in larger scale analysis.
An Impact of Cobalt on Freshwater Phytoplankton in Warming Polar Regions?
Authors: Zhu Kechen , Krause Jana , Marín‐Arias Camila , Mestre Mireia , Höfer Juan , Browning Thomas J. , Achterberg Eric P. , Hopwood Mark J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPolar freshwater ecosystems are sensitive to climate change, facing increasing temperatures and its consequences such as glacier retreat. Phosphorus and/or fixed nitrogen are widely expected to limit primary production in most freshwater environments, however the role of micronutrients is largely un‐characterized. We measured dissolved nitrate and nitrite, phosphate, cobalt, iron, manganese and zinc in a selection of Greenland and Antarctic lakes, and report the first evaluation of cobalt regulating phytoplankton growth in these systems using bioassay incubations. Results showed cobalt potentially co‐limited phytoplankton in three of the eight sites tested. A time‐series of dissolved cobalt measured in Kobbefjord (southwest Greenland) runoff corroborated low cobalt availability during summer. This was in contrast to manganese and iron which remained at high concentrations throughout summer. We hypothesize that high manganese:cobalt and/or zinc:cobalt ratios in runoff, may impede cellular cobalt acquisition, meaning cobalt co‐limitation of primary production is plausible in many polar freshwater environments.
TerraWind: A Deep Learning‐Based Near‐Surface Winds Downscaling Model for Complex Terrain Region
Authors: Lian Jie , Huang Sirong , Shao Jiahao , Chen Peiyan , Tang Shengming , Lu Yi , Yu Hui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWind downscaling is crucial for refining coarse‐scale wind estimates, improving local‐scale predictions, and supporting various applications like risk assessment and planning. Dynamic downscaling models demand extensive computational resources and time, leading to a shift toward more efficient statistical downscaling, whereas it often overlooks inter‐variable and inter‐station spatial correlations. Addressing this, we propose TerraWind, a deep learning‐based downscaling method for complex terrain regions. TerraWind enhances accuracy by incorporating topographic factors and inter‐station linkages, capturing wind field interactions with terrain at multiple scales. Experimental results in Eastern China demonstrate that TerraWind reduces wind speed Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) by an average of 42.6 and 33.3, respectively, compared to three interpolation methods (bicubic, bilinear, and Inverse Distance Weighting). Furthermore, TerraWind achieves an average reduction of 35.3 in wind speed MAE and 25.6 in wind speed RMSE compared to four deep learning models (Wind‐Topo, DeepCAMS, RCM‐emulator, and Uformer).
Segmented Trapdoor Fault in Kita‐Ioto Caldera, Japan: Insights From Millimeter Tsunami Waves Captured by an Array Network of Ocean Bottom Pressure Gauges
Authors: Sandanbata Osamu , Saito Tatsuhiko 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSubmarine calderas with active magma supply have recently been identified as potential sources of volcanic tsunamis due to sudden meter‐scale uplift by trapdoor faulting, occurring every few years to a decade. These trapdoor uplifts are seismically recorded as non‐double‐couple earthquakes with magnitudes M > 5. Kita‐Ioto Caldera, a submarine caldera in the Izu‐Bonin arc, caused such earthquakes every 2–5 years. Our previous study (Sandanbata & Saito, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023jb027917) analyzed data from a single ocean bottom pressure (OBP) gauge in the Philippine Sea, confirming trapdoor uplifts during the earthquakes in 2008 and 2015. However, high temporal‐resolution data for the earthquakes in 2017 and 2019 were lost, preventing source mechanism investigation. To address this, we examine OBP data of the two recent earthquakes from the array network of Dense Oceanfloor Network system for Earthquakes and Tsunamis, deployed off the southwestern coast of Japan. Despite the poor signal‐to‐noise ratio in each record, we successfully detect clear tsunami signals associated with the earthquakes using a waveform stacking method, with sea‐surface wave amplitudes of only 1–2 mm. By analyzing the data, we propose source models that represent trapdoor uplifts in the submarine caldera and accurately reproduce the detected tsunami waveforms, confirming the recurrence of trapdoor uplifts. Notably, differences in the tsunami waveforms between the 2017 and 2019 earthquakes suggest that different segments of the intra‐caldera fault system were activated. This segmentation likely influences the recurrence characteristics of the inflation cycle in calderas, which would be a key to understanding the magma accumulation process and assessing the sizes and timings of future trapdoor uplifts.
High Pressure Melting Curve of Fe‐Si: Implication for the Thermal Properties in Mercury's Core
Authors: Ezenwa Innocent C. , Fei Yingwei , Hrubiak Rostislav , Kenney‐Benson Curtis 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe motion of liquid iron (Fe) alloy materials in the outer core drives the dynamo, which generates Mercury's magnetic field. The assessment of core models requires laboratory measurements of the melting temperature of Fe alloys at high pressure. Here, we experimentally determined the melting curve of Fe9wt%Si and Fe17wt%Si up to 17 GPa using in situ and ex situ measurements of intermetallic fast diffusion that serves as the melting criterion in a large‐volume press. Our determined melting slopes are comparable with previous studies up to about 17 GPa. However, when extrapolated, our melting slopes significantly deviate from previous studies at higher pressures. For Mercury's core with a model composition of Fe9wt%Si, the melting temperature‐depth profile determined in our study is lower by ∼150–250 K when compared with theoretical calculations. Using the new melting curve of Fe9wt%Si and the electrical resistivity values from a previous study of Fe8.5wt%Si, we estimate that the electronic thermal conductivity of liquid Fe9wt%Si is 30 Wm−1K−1 at the Mercury's CMB pressure of 5 GPa and 37 Wm−1K−1 at an assumed ICB of 21 GPa, corresponding to heat flux values of 23 mWm−2 and 32 mWm−2, respectively. These values provide new constraints on the core models.