bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions and pathways of resilience in Addis Ababa
Authors: Baron Nicole , Cherenet Zegeye 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
Resilience has recently attracted widespread interest in the field of urban planning and theory. However, the research that has been conducted on urban resilience in Africa has major theoretical and methodological gaps. This can lead to problems when designing and implementing resilience strategies there. Understanding African perspectives can be a way of tackling these. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the example of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, this paper analyses expert interviews based on a grounded theory approach. The goal is to explore locally specific perceptions of and pathways to urban resilience. By comparing these findings to those reported in the existing literature, differences and overlaps are identified.

Findings
This study provides evidence for the existence of locally specific perceptions of and pathways to urban resilience. Furthermore, it identifies urban development pathways such as complete urban makeover (tabula rasa) and complete negation of change (resistance).

Research limitations/implications
Because this study uses Addis Ababa as a singular case and expert interviews as method, it rather represents an initial attempt at exploring a new research field than claiming generalisability. Its quality and significance lie in its discursive approach and theory formation.

Practical implications
This exemplary study from Ethiopia demonstrates that a regionally specific understanding of urban resilience is valuable for the design and implementation of urban resilience strategies.

Originality/value
This study offers unique insights into urban resilience from an African perspective and into the manifestation of urban resilience in Addis Ababa.
Adaptive trajectory tracking controller design for a quadrotor UAV with payload variation
Authors: An Shuai , Yuan Suozhong , Li Huadong 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to enhance the quadrotor’s capability of short-distance delivery to satisfy the large demand for quadrotor, which is used for goods distribution in huge warehouses, under time-varying payload and external wind disturbance.

Design/methodology/approach
A trajectory tracking controller design based on the combination of an adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) method and the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) technique is proposed. Besides, an inner–outer loop control system structure is adopted.

Findings
Simulation results of different trajectory tracking verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed tracking control method under various conditions, including parameter uncertainty and external wind disturbance. The proposed control strategy ensures that quadrotor UAV is capable of tracking linear and spiral trajectory well whether it loads or unloads goods in the presence of the external wind disturbance.

Originality/value
The proposed method of designing a trajectory tracking controller is based on an integral ADRC and ASMC scheme so as to deal with the trajectory tracking problem for a quadrotor with payload variation.
Platform-based service innovation and system design: a literature review
Authors: Fu Wenhui , Wang Qiang , Zhao Xiande 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to systematically review the platform literature and synthesize the various topics of research into a common framework to reveal the relations between platform-based service innovation, system design and other platform-related factors.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative descriptive analysis led to an overview of the distribution of research focuses of the 187 sample articles identified by a well-established search strategy. A qualitative in-depth review was then used to clarify the detailed research topics and generate an overall conceptual model to link them, with a focus on platform-based service innovation and system design.FindingsIn total, 11 research topics of three research perspectives were identified and linked by a framework that accounts for the relationships between platform-based service innovation and system design and their influences on platform evolution. A small panel of industry experts validated the accuracy and utility of the proposed framework.Originality/valueThis paper provides an integrated framework for separately developed research perspectives and the topics investigated in the platform literature. Through the proposed framework, this paper helps to improve the knowledge on platform study and management, and lays a foundation for exploring the research opportunities in platform-based service innovation and system design.
Weeds, Pheasants and Wild Dogs: Resituating the Ecological Paradigm in Postindustrial Detroit
Authors: Draus Paul , Roddy Juliette 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Chicago School of urban sociology has been criticized for its over‐reliance on organic and ecological metaphors. We propose that a useful updated integration of urban sociology and ecology could be achieved with the aid of complementary concepts, such as patch dynamics and assemblage, from both fields. In this exploratory article, we draw on more than 50 qualitative interviews conducted with residents of three different Detroit neighborhoods, together with field observations, photographs and documentary evidence, to examine both actual and metaphorical references to the natural world. We consider allusions to ‘drug infestation’ as well as other references to territorialization processes and associations with plants and animals that emerged out of our interviews and interactions with neighborhood residents. In conclusion, we maintain that social science may have much to learn from contemporary ecological research, and that a resituated ecological paradigm would challenge and benefit contemporary urban research.
Impact of the National Emergency Access Target policy on emergency departments’ performance: A time‐trend analysis for New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory and Queensland
Authors: Forero Roberto , Man Nicola , McCarthy Sally , Richardson Drew , Mohsin Mohammed , Toloo Ghasem (Sam) , FitzGerald Gerry , Ngo Hanh , Mountain David , Fatovich Daniel , Celenza Antonio , Gibson Nick , Xu Fenglian , Nahidi Shizar , Hillman Ken 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of the Australian National Emergency Access Target (NEAT) policy introduced in 2012 on ED performance.MethodsA longitudinal cohort study of NEAT implementation using linked data, for 12 EDs across New South Wales (NSW), Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and Queensland (QLD) between 2008 and 2013. Segmented regression in a multi‐level model was used to analyse ED performance over time before and after NEAT introduction. The main outcomes measures were ED length of stay ≤4 h, access block, number of ED presentations, short‐stay admission (≤24 h), >24 h admissions, unplanned ED re‐attendances within 7 days and ‘left at own risk’ (including ‘did not wait for assessment’).ResultsTwo years after NEAT introduction, ED length of stay ≤4 h increased in NSW and QLD (odds ratio [OR] = 2.48 and 3.24; P < 0.001) and access block decreased (OR = 0.41 and 0.22; P < 0.001), but not in ACT (OR = 1.28; P > 0.05). ED presentations increased over time before and after NEAT introduction with a significant increase above the projected trend in NSW after NEAT (mean ratio = 1.07). Short‐stay admissions increased in QLD (OR = 2.60), ACT (OR = 1.68) and NSW (OR = 1.35). Unplanned ED re‐attendances did not change significantly. Those who left at their own risk decreased significantly in NSW and QLD (OR = 0.38 and 0.67).ConclusionED presentations continued to increase over time in all jurisdictions. NSW and QLD, but not ACT, showed significant improvements in time‐based measures. Significant increases in short‐stay admissions suggest a strategic change in ED process associated with NEAT implementation. Rates of unplanned ED re‐attendances and those leaving at their own risk showed no evidence for adverse effects from NEAT.
Employee performance, well‐being, and differential effects of human resource management subdimensions: Mutual gains or conflicting outcomes?
Authors: Ogbonnaya Chidiebere , Messersmith Jake 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe human resource management (HRM) literature supports the idea that coherent systems of HRM practices can induce attitudinal effects when perceived subjectively by employees. Recently, scholars have proposed that subdimensions of HRM systems exist and account for variance in outcomes. This study explores differential effects of three subdimensions of HRM systems (skill‐, motivation‐, and opportunity‐enhancing HRM practices) on employee innovative behaviours and well‐being. Our predictions are based on the mutual gains perspective, which specifies positive relationships between HRM practices and employee performance, and the conflicting outcomes perspective that links HRM practices to higher job demands and stress. Using data from the Finnish 2012 Practices of Working Life Survey, we find support for both the mutual gains and conflicting outcomes perspectives; however, we also show that the effects of the subsets of HRM practices are heterogeneous.
Stereotactic radiosurgery to surgical cavity post resection of brain metastases: Local recurrence and overall survival rates. A single‐centre experience
Authors: Higgins Martin J , Burke Orlaidh , Fitzpatrick David , Nugent Killian G , Skourou Christina , Dunne Mary , Javadpour Mohsen , Faul Clare 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionWe reviewed local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) post intracranial SRS to cavity post resection of brain metastases at one institution, and factors affecting LC.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of adjuvant SRS at one institution from 2013 to 2016. Patient records, treatment plans and diagnostic images were reviewed. Local failure was MRI defined. Categorical variables were analysed using chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests. Continuous variables were analysed using Mann–Whitney tests. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate survival times and the log‐rank test was used to compare differences in survival.ResultsForty‐seven patients with 48 cavities were treated with SRS post operatively. LC rate was 69%, and the distant intracranial failure rate was 47% for entirety of the follow‐up period. The 12‐month freedom from local recurrence (FFLR) was 77% (63–91%). Median OS (95% CI) was 22.7 (14.6–30.8) months. Patients with a single metastasis had longer FFLR (30.1 vs 14.4 months; P = 0.014). Median interval from surgery to SRS was 6.3 weeks. Patients with interval >7 weeks had increased local recurrence (LR) (62%) than <7 weeks (37%), P = 0.025. Patients with a margin < 2 mm were more likely to experience LR (48%) than those with margin equal to 2 mm (20%); this approached statistical significance (P = 0.063). The median follow‐up for all patients was 15.4 months (2–41).ConclusionsWe determined LC and OS post adjuvant SRS at our institution. Based on the findings of this retrospective review SRS should be given promptly post operatively with a 2 mm PTV margin.
Contrasting community composition of endospores and vegetative Firmicutes in a marine sediment suggests both endogenous and exogenous sources of endospore accumulation
Authors: Cupit Carina , Lomstein Bente Aagaard , Kjeldsen Kasper Urup 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBacterial endospores are highly abundant in marine sediments, but their taxonomic identity and ecology is largely unknown. We selectively extracted DNA from endospores and vegetative cells and sequenced 16S rRNA genes to characterize the composition of the endospore and vegetative Firmicutes communities in the sediment and water column of Aarhus Bay (Denmark). The endospore community in the sediment was dominated by the families Bacillaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Clostridiaceae and Ruminoccocaceae. These families were also represented in the vegetative community in the sediment and the endospore community in the water column. OTUs of high relative abundance in the endospore community were also represented in the vegetative Firmicutes community. Other OTUs were exclusively found in the endospore communities. This suggests that endospores accumulate in marine sediments due to passive deposition from the water column and sporulation of vegetative cells in the sediment. Some OTUs were detected in the endospore community of the water column and the vegetative community the sediment indicating that endospores deposited from the water column may germinate upon burial/deposition in the sediment. We provide novel insight into the composition of endospore communities in marine sediments and highlight their role in microbial dispersal and as a seed bank in subsurface sediments.
Long‐term carriage and rapid transmission of extended spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing E. coli within a flock of Mallards in the absence of antibiotic selection
Authors: Sandegren Linus , Stedt Johan , Lustig Ulrika , Bonnedahl Jonas , Andersson Dan I. , Järhult Josef D. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWild birds have been suggested as transmitters and reservoirs for antibiotic resistant bacteria. We performed an experimental study investigating carriage time and interindividual transmission of extended spectrum beta‐lactamase‐ (ESBL‐)producing Escherichia coli in Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) to assess if the birds carry the bacteria long enough to transfer them geographically during migration. Mallards were inoculated intraoesophageally with four different strains of ESBL‐producing E. coli and kept together in a flock. The ESBL‐strains belonged to sequence types previously shown to spread between birds and humans. Culturing from faecal samples showed presence of ESBL‐producing E. coli the entire 29 day experimental period. An extensive and rapid transmission of the different ESBL‐strains between individuals (including non‐inoculated controls) was observed. In necropsy samples, we detected ESBL‐strains in the cecum even in faeces‐negative birds, indicating that this part of the intestine could function as a reservoir of resistant bacteria. We demonstrate that birds can carry ESBL‐producing E. coli for long enough times to travel far during migration and the extensive interindividual transmission suggests spread between individuals in a dense bird population as a mechanism that allow persistence of resistant bacteria.
Give the machine a hand: A Boolean time‐based decision‐tree template for rapidly finding animal behaviours in multisensor data
Authors: Wilson Rory P. , Holton Mark D. , di Virgilio Agustina , Williams Hannah , Shepard Emily L. C. , Lambertucci Sergio , Quintana Flavio , Sala Juan E. , Balaji Bharathan , Lee Eun Sun , Srivastava Mani , Scantlebury D. Michael , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

The development of multisensor animal‐attached tags, recording data at high frequencies, has enormous potential in allowing us to define animal behaviour.

The high volumes of data, are pushing us towards machine‐learning as a powerful option for distilling out behaviours. However, with increasing parallel lines of data, systems become more likely to become processor limited and thereby take appreciable amounts of time to resolve behaviours.

We suggest a Boolean approach whereby critical changes in recorded parameters are used as sequential templates with defined flexibility (in both time and degree) to determine individual behavioural elements within a behavioural sequence that, together, makes up a single, defined behaviour.

We tested this approach, and compared it to a suite of other behavioural identification methods, on a number of behaviours from tag‐equipped animals; sheep grazing, penguins walking, cheetah stalking prey and condors thermalling.

Overall behaviour recognition using our new approach was better than most other methods due to; (1) its ability to deal with behavioural variation and (2) the speed with which the task was completed because extraneous data are avoided in the process.

We suggest that this approach is a promising way forward in an increasingly data‐rich environment and that workers sharing algorithms can provide a powerful library for the benefit of all involved in such work.
Clonal expansion of mitochondrial DNA deletions is a private mechanism of aging in long‐lived animals
Authors: Lakshmanan Lakshmi Narayanan , Yee Zhuangli , Ng Li Fang , Gunawan Rudiyanto , Halliwell Barry , Gruber Jan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDisruption of mitochondrial metabolism and loss of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity are widely considered as evolutionarily conserved (public) mechanisms of aging (López‐Otín et al., Cell, 153, 2013 and 1194). Human aging is associated with loss in skeletal muscle mass and function (Sarcopenia), contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Muscle aging is associated with loss of mtDNA integrity. In humans, clonally expanded mtDNA deletions colocalize with sites of fiber breakage and atrophy in skeletal muscle. mtDNA deletions may therefore play an important, possibly causal role in sarcopenia. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans also exhibits age‐dependent decline in mitochondrial function and a form of sarcopenia. However, it is unclear if mtDNA deletions play a role in C. elegans aging. Here, we report identification of 266 novel mtDNA deletions in aging nematodes. Analysis of the mtDNA mutation spectrum and quantification of mutation burden indicates that (a) mtDNA deletions in nematode are extremely rare, (b) there is no significant age‐dependent increase in mtDNA deletions, and (c) there is little evidence for clonal expansion driving mtDNA deletion dynamics. Thus, mtDNA deletions are unlikely to drive the age‐dependent functional decline commonly observed in C. elegans. Computational modeling of mtDNA dynamics in C. elegans indicates that the lifespan of short‐lived animals such as C. elegans is likely too short to allow for significant clonal expansion of mtDNA deletions. Together, these findings suggest that clonal expansion of mtDNA deletions is likely a private mechanism of aging predominantly relevant in long‐lived animals such as humans and rhesus monkey and possibly in rodents.
A Case–Control Study of Sonographic Maximum Ovarian Diameter as a Predictor of Ovarian Torsion in Emergency Department Females With Pelvic Pain
Authors: Budhram Gavin , Elia Tala , Dan Jeff , Schroeder Michele , Safain Golien , Schlech Walter , Friderici Jennifer , Knee Alex , Anthouard Magalie , Schoenfeld Elizabeth 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundColor and power Doppler ultrasound are commonly used in the evaluation of ovarian torsion but are unreliable. Because normal‐sized ovaries are unlikely to cause torsion, maximum ovarian diameter (MOD) could theoretically be used as a screening test in the ED. Identification of MOD values below which torsion is unlikely would be of benefit to providers interpreting radiology department or point‐of‐care pelvic ultrasound.ObjectivesThe objective was to determine if sonographic MOD can be used as a screening tool to rule out torsion in selected patients.MethodsVia a retrospective case–control study spanning a 14‐year period, we examined the ultrasound characteristics of patients with torsion and age‐matched controls, all presenting to the emergency department with lower abdominal pain and receiving a radiology department pelvic ultrasound for “rule‐out torsion.” Standardized data collection forms were utilized. Distributions of MOD were compared and sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios were calculated for multiple cutoffs.ResultsWe identified 92 cases of surgically confirmed ovarian torsion and selected 92 age‐matched controls. In postmenarchal patients the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio of 3‐ and 5‐cm MODs were 100% (96%–100%), 30% (20%–41%), 1.4 (1.3–1.7), and 0 and 91% (83%–97%), 92% (83%–97%), 11.2 (5.5–22.9), and 0.09 (0.04–0.19), respectively. The 5‐cm MOD, however, excluded an additional 52 of 84 (62%) postmenarchal patients.ConclusionsA threshold MOD of 5 cm on pelvic ultrasound may be useful to rule out ovarian torsion in postmenarchal females presenting with lower abdominal and pelvic pain.
Asthma diagnosis using integrated analysis of eosinophil microRNAs
Authors: Rodrigo‐Muñoz José M. , Cañas José A. , Sastre Beatriz , Rego Natalia , Greif Gonzalo , Rial Manuel , Mínguez Pablo , Mahíllo‐Fernández Ignacio , Fernández‐Nieto Mar , Mora Inés , Barranco Pilar , Quirce Santiago , Sastre Joaquín , del Pozo Victoria 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is a syndrome characterized by airway inflammation and obstruction. Due to its heterogeneity, the difficulties in asthma diagnosis and treatment make the discovery of new biomarkers a focus of research. So, we determined the differential miRNA expression of eosinophils between healthy and asthmatic patients and to establish a differentially expressed miRNA profile detectable in sera for use as biomarker.MethodsMicroRNAs from peripheral eosinophils from healthy and asthmatic subjects were isolated and analyzed by next‐generation sequencing and confirmed by quantitative PCR in 29 asthmatics and 10 healthy individuals. The levels of serum miRNAs were performed by quantitative PCR in 138 asthmatics and 39 healthy subjects. Regression analysis and Random Forest models were performed.ResultsWe found a set of miRNAs whose expression differs between eosinophils from asthmatics and healthy subjects. These miRNAs can classify asthmatics into two clusters that differed in the number of eosinophils and periostin concentration in serum. Some of these miRNAs were also confirmed in sera, as miR‐185‐5p which discriminates asthmatics from healthy subjects. Together with other two miRNAs, miR‐185‐5p allowed us to create a logistic regression model to discriminate better both conditions and a Random Forest model that can even sort the asthmatics into intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent, and severe persistent asthma.ConclusionOur data show that miRNAs profile in eosinophils can be used as asthma diagnosis biomarker in serum and that this profile is able to rank asthma severity.