bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderating factors influence the relative age effect in Australian cricket
Authors: Connor Jonathan D. , Renshaw Ian , Doma Kenji 
Published: May 2019

Background
The relative age effect is a commonly occurring phenomenon whereby there is a tendency for relatively older players to be over-represented during high level competitions. This effect is often seen to diminish as player’s age, however, there has been far less investigation on other potential moderating factors.

Method
This study investigated the impact of the relative age effect, and potential moderating factors, within the talent selection process of Australian cricket. Relative age distribution of 2,415 male and female junior and senior state level cricket players, who played in the Junior National Championships or State competition (senior level) between 2011 and 2015, were analysed.

Results
Players born in the first quartile of the cricket season were significantly over-represented in both male Under-15, Under-17, Under-19 and female Under-15 and Under-18 levels. However, there was no significant difference at the senior state level for either male or female cricketers. Further investigation of the relative age effect in the junior talent pathway revealed that male all-rounders, batters and pace bowlers, and female all-rounders and batters, born in first quartile were over-represented. Right-handed batters and bowlers were also influenced by the relative age effect at all Junior National levels, while left-handed batters and bowlers were only influenced at the Under-15 and Under-17 levels. These results highlight the impact relative age has on junior cricket talent pathways, including sex, age, handedness and primary skills. Only state level, and left-handedness at the Under-19 level, were unaffected by relative age.

Discussion
The findings of this study highlight the influence of relative age effects for both male and female junior cricket players. Interestingly, there may be an advantage to being left-handed that is more prevalent at the older (male Under-19; female Under-18) age levels.
Comprehensive transcriptional profiling of aging porcine liver
Authors: Chen Jianning , Zou Qin , Lv Daojun , Raza Muhammad Ali , Wang Xue , Chen Yan , Xi Xiaoyu , Li Peilin , Wen Anxiang , Zhu Li , Tang Guoqing , Li Mingzhou , Li Xuewei , Jiang Yanzhi 
Published: May 2019

Background
Aging is a major risk factor for the development of many diseases, and the liver, as the most important metabolic organ, is significantly affected by aging. It has been shown that the liver weight tends to increase in rodents and decrease in humans with age. Pigs have a genomic structure, with physiological as well as biochemical features that are similar to those of humans, and have therefore been used as a valuable model for studying human diseases. The molecular mechanisms of the liver aging of large mammals on a comprehensive transcriptional level remain poorly understood. The pig is an ideal model animal to clearly and fully understand the molecular mechanism underlying human liver aging.

Methods
In this study, four healthy female Yana pigs (an indigenous Chinese breed) were investigated: two young sows (180-days-old) and two old sows (8-years-old). High throughput RNA sequencing was performed to evaluate the expression profiles of messenger RNA, long non-coding RNAs, micro RNAs, and circular RNAs during the porcine liver aging process. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed to investigate the biological functions of age-related genes.

Results
A number of age-related genes were identified in the porcine liver. GO annotation showed that up-regulated genes were mainly related to immune response, while the down-regulated genes were mainly related to metabolism. Moreover, several lncRNAs and their target genes were also found to be differentially expressed during liver aging. In addition, the multi-group cooperative control relationships and constructed circRNA-miRNA co-expression networks were assessed during liver aging.

Conclusions
Numerous age-related genes were identified and circRNA-miRNA co-expression networks that are active during porcine liver aging were constructed. These findings contribute to the understanding of the transcriptional foundations of liver aging and also provide further references that clarify human liver aging at the molecular level.
Phytochemical Composition, Anti-nutrient Properties and Antioxidant Potentials of Raw Hibiscus sabdariffa Seeds
Authors: Chukwu Charles Nnanna , Ogunka-Nnoka Charity Uchechi , Akaninwor Joyce Oronne 
Published: May 2019

Aims: This study was aimed at ascertaining the phytochemical, anti-nutrient and antioxidant potentials of raw seeds of Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS).
Place and Duration of Study: Rivers and Anambra states, Nigeria, between January and April, 2017.
Methodology: Dried seeds of Hibiscus sabdariffa were gotten from Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau state, Nigeria. They were properly cleaned, sorted and ground into powder for analyses. Phytochemical constituents and anti-nutrients were quantified using a BUCK M910 Gas chromatography equipped with an on-column automatic flame ionization detector (GC-FID) under standard chromatographic conditions. Antioxidant vitamins A, C and E were determined using standard spectrophotometric methods, while in vitro enzymatic antioxidants were determined using standard protocols.
Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of the following in their order of abundance: ribalidine>epicatechin>oxalate>catechin>saponin>sapogenin>kaempferol>tannin> lunamarine>rutin>anthocyanin>phytate>spartein. The anti-nutrient levels in the seeds of HS were: alkaloids (47.00 µg/ml; 39.20%), saponins (14.62 µg/ml; 12.19%), oxalates (14.06 µg/ml; 11.72%), tannin (4.79 µg/ml; 3.99%) and phytates (0.55 µg/ml; 0.46%). Antioxidant vitamins detected were vitamin A (2.76 ± 0.26 mg/kg), vitamin C (2.60 ± 0.07 mg/kg) and vitamin E (5.06 ± 0.30 mg/kg). Some in vitro enzymatic antioxidants were Catalase (26.71 ± 3.68 µmol/ml), Peroxidase (13.29 ± 1.72 µmol/ml), Glutathione reductase (24.43 ± 0.78 µmol/ml) and Superoxide Dismutase (0.88 ± 0.05 unit enzyme).
Conclusion: Seeds of HS contain several phytochemicals which exist in great amounts, some of which may act as anti-nutrients that interfere with food absorption. Furthermore, HS seeds possess some antioxidant potentials which can be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
E-Cadherin as a Marker for Nodal Metastasis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Butt Saima Akram , Ali Anwar , Avesi Lubna , Khan Shoaib , Mustansir Tazeen , Mirza Talat 
Published: May 2019

Aim: Head and neck cancers, all over the world, contribute greatly to the number of deaths, despite the advancements in the therapeutic strategies. It is characterized by locoregional disease with a tendency for metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes. The pre-operative detection of lymph node metastasis is critical for the effective treatment of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore the objective of this study was to identify E-cadherin as a marker for prediction of lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi. 1 Year duration.
Methodology: Cross-sectional analysis of 54 subjects with HNSCC, who underwent neck dissections, was carried out. Expression of E-cadherin was evaluated using immunohistochemical analysis and traditional histological parameters, and correlation of E-Cadherin with histologically verified presence of regional metastases was determined. Data was subjected to descriptive statistics and chi-square using Spss v.16.0.
Results: 54 patients included 33 males (61.1%) and 21 females (38.9%) aged from 18 to 73 (mean 44.8±12.7). A statistically significant relationship between the Downregulation of E-cadherin and histologically verified presence of nodal metastasis was established. (p value= 0.01).
Conclusion: This study shows that low E-cadherin expression is useful for predicting lymph node metastases in cases of head and neck carcinoma.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN PENGGUNAAN KATA BANTU STRUKTURAL “的，得，地” PADA MAHASISWA ANGKATAN 2017
Authors: Angela Shielyn , Markali Alpin Gadman , Chun – I Kuo 
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesalahan, faktor penyebab kesalahan dan cara pandang mahasiswa Universitas Kristen Petra angkatan 2017 prodi Sastra Tionghoa terhadap cara pengajaran kata bantu struktural de(的), de(得) dan de(地). Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan tes dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan terbanyak yang dilakukan mahasiswa adalah kesalahan penggunaan kata bantu struktural de(得) dan de(地). Faktor penyebab mahasiswa melakukan kesalahan adalah: penggunaan kata bantu struktural yang rumit, faktor dalam diri mahasiswa, kurangnya latihan soal dan adanya pengaruh dari bahasa ibu. Selain itu dari hasil penelitian juga dapat diketahui cara pandang mahasiswa terhadap pengajaran kata bantu struktural de(的), de(得) dan de(地) yaitu: cara penjelasan pengajar yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pemahaman mahasiswa serta memperbanyak latihan soal dapat membuat mahasiswa tidak mudah melupakan materi yang baru diajarkan. Kesimpulannya adalah penggunaan kata bantu struktural de(得) dan de(地) adalah yang paling sulit, yang membuat mahasiswa banyak melakukan kesalahan dan di antara ketiga kata bantu struktural, kesalahan penambahan dan penghilangan kata bantu stuktural de(的) yang paling banyak dilakukan mahasiswa.
Highly efficient semi‐active oil damper with energy recovery system
Authors: Fukuda Ryusuke , Kurino Haruhiko 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a novel semi‐active oil damper developed to overcome the limitations of existing oil dampers by introducing a unique energy recovery system. The proposed device is equipped with an auxiliary oil tank outside its main cylinder, and solenoid valves control the oil flow between the main cylinder and the tank. Conventional oil dampers convert all the vibration energy to heat. However, the proposed device recovers the vibration energy as the strain energy of oil in the tank and reuses it at an optimum timing to enhance damper stroke. The proposed damper is expressed as a four‐element model consisting of a Maxwell model and a Voigt model in series. First, we describe the basic configuration of the device, and show how the energy recovery system works in accordance with the control algorithm. Second, we show the results of dynamic loading tests conducted on a full‐scale specimen and the results of simulation analyses using the four‐element model. Finally, we demonstrate the results of seismic response analyses using a high‐rise building model, and discuss the control effect in comparison with the results of existing oil dampers.
Contrasting Life History Traits in Monocarpic Versus Polycarpic Plants from a Molecular‐Evolutionary Point of View
Authors: Kiefer Christiane , Bergonzi Sara , Brand Luise , Wötzel Stefan , Koch Marcus A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Seed plants can be broadly divided into two groups according to their life history. Annual plants complete their life cycle including germination, vegetative growth, and finally reproduction within one year. Usually, annual plants flower once in their lifetime and are, therefore, referred to as monocarpic. Perennial plants alternate between vegetative and reproductive phases over several consecutive years and usually have the ability to flower multiple times throughout their lifetime and are, therefore, referred to as polycarpic. Shifts between these two life histories have occurred multiple times independently in higher plants. Each life history comes with its own set of typical morphological characters and differential expression of key genes involved in the regulation of juvenile phase, flowering, branching, or senescence shape molecular pathways into fitting with the respective life history.
Clonal Isolation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells on Nanofibrous Substrates Reveals an Advanced Subclone for Cardiomyocyte Differentiation
Authors: Yu Leqian , Li Junjun , Minami Itsunari , Qu Xiang , Miyagawa Shigeru , Fujimoto Nanae , Hasegawa Kouichi , Chen Yong , Sawa Yoshiki , Kotera Hidetoshi , Liu Li 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been widely used for various applications including disease modeling and regenerative medicine, among others. Recently, an increasing number of studies has focused on heterogeneity among hPSCs, which could affect cell quality and subsequent applications. In this study, a nanofibrous platform is developed for single human induced pluripotent stem cell isolation and culture. One type of single cell‐derived subclone is established and found to have a distinct morphology compared to other subclones. When used for differentiation toward cardiomyocytes, this type of subclone demonstrates higher differentiation efficiency, increased maturation, and stronger beating compared to those derived from the other subclones. The findings provide a convenient method for single‐cell isolation and culture, and demonstrate that variations in differentiation tendencies exist among subclones from the same cell line. This substrate adhesion‐based selection process could be used to obtain cell lines with improved differentiation efficiency toward cardiomyocytes and other cell types, which would be advantageous for studies in various fields.
How the Membranes Fuse: From Spontaneous to Induced
Authors: Lu Teng , Guo Hongxia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMembrane fusion not only involves many biologic phenomena such as neurotransmission, exo‐ and endocytosis, fertilization, membrane traffic, and viral infection, but also is relevant for many technological applications, that is, drug delivery. Therefore, unraveling the molecular mechanism of these important processes are both helpful to deepen the understanding of vital phenomena and instructive for the development of medical technology, for example, gene therapy. With the advances in computation power and algorithms, molecular simulation has become an invaluable tool to systematically investigate the entire membrane fusion process at the molecular level, in which not only the conformations and motions of lipid molecule but also the protein/DNA intermediates can easily be monitored. Nowadays, by these powerful methods, both the different pathways and the intermediate structures are discriminated, and the precise mechanisms and possible factors are explored. The present progress report reviews recent studies based on computational approaches with an aim to clarify the membrane fusion dynamics at a molecular level, which not only provides a useful starting point for a more thorough understanding about the membrane fusion process but also inspires developing promising applications such as drug or imaging‐agent delivery and gene therapy.
Achieving Long‐Term Operational Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells with a Stabilized Efficiency Exceeding 20% after 1000 h
Authors: Yang Tae‐Youl , Jeon Nam Joong , Shin Hee‐Won , Shin Seong Sik , Kim Young Yun , Seo Jangwon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) with mesoporous TiO2 (mp‐TiO2) as the electron transport material attain power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) above 22%; however, their poor long‐term stability is a critical issue that must be resolved for commercialization. Herein, it is demonstrated that the long‐term operational stability of mp‐TiO2 based PSCs with PCE over 20% is achieved by isolating devices from oxygen and humidity. This achievement attributes to systematic understanding of the critical role of oxygen in the degradation of PSCs. PSCs exhibit fast degradation under controlled oxygen atmosphere and illumination, which is accompanied by iodine migration into the hole transport material (HTM). A diffusion barrier at the HTM/perovskite interface or encapsulation on top of the devices improves the stability against oxygen under light soaking. Notably, a mp‐TiO2 based PSC with a solid encapsulation retains 20% efficiency after 1000 h of 1 sun (AM1.5G including UV) illumination in ambient air.
Cyclic Alkyne Approach to Heteroatom‐Containing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Scaffolds
Authors: Darzi Evan R. , Barber Joyann S. , Garg Neil K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe report a modular synthetic strategy for accessing heteroatom‐containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Our approach relies on the controlled generation of transient heterocyclic alkynes and arynes. The strained intermediates undergo in situ trapping with readily accessible oxadiazinones. Four sequential pericyclic reactions occur, namely two Diels–Alder/retro‐Diels–Alder sequences, which can be performed in a stepwise or one‐pot fashion to assemble four new carbon–carbon (C−C) bonds. These studies underscore how the use of heterocyclic strained intermediates can be harnessed for the preparation of new organic materials.
Regioselective Functionalization of Stable BN‐Modified Luminescent Tetraphenes for High‐Resolution Fingerprint Imaging
Authors: Huang Huanan , Zhou Ying , Wang Meng , Zhang Jianying , Cao Xiaohua , Wang Shitao , Cao Dapeng , Cui Chunming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA series of novel BN tetraphene derivatives have been prepared successfully for the first time via a post‐functionalization strategy. The optical and electronic properties of these derivatives could be tuned systematically by the incorporation of different substituents on the main skeleton. The functionalized BN‐containing luminogens have been explored for the detection of latent fingerprints (LFPs) on different substrates, including glass, aluminum foil, plastic, and ironware. This strategy provides great versatility in LFP imaging and good potential in elucidating the chemical information within LFPs, making the strategy valuable in forensic investigations.
A Selection Rule for Hydrofluoroether Electrolyte Cosolvent: Establishing a Linear Free‐Energy Relationship in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Su Chi‐Cheung , He Meinan , Amine Rachid , Amine Khalil 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHydrofluoroethers (HFEs) have been adopted widely as electrolyte cosolvents for battery systems because of their unique low solvating behavior. The electrolyte is currently utilized in lithium‐ion, lithium–sulfur, lithium–air, and sodium‐ion batteries. By evaluating the relative solvating power of different HFEs with distinct structural features, and considering the shuttle factor displayed by electrolytes that employ HFE cosolvents, we have established the quantitative structure–activity relationship between the organic structure and the electrochemical performance of the HFEs. Moreover, we have established the linear free‐energy relationship between the structural properties of the electrolyte cosolvents and the polysulfide shuttle effect in lithium–sulfur batteries. These findings provide valuable mechanistic insight into the polysulfide shuttle effect in lithium–sulfur batteries, and are instructive when it comes to selecting the most suitable HFE electrolyte cosolvent for different battery systems.
Expanding the Variety of Zirconium‐based Inorganic Building Units for Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Leubner Sebastian , Zhao Haishuang , Van Velthoven Niels , Henrion Mickaël , Reinsch Helge , De Vos Dirk E. , Kolb Ute , Stock Norbert 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwo new zirconium‐based metal–organic frameworks with the composition [Zr6O4(OH)4(OAc)6(BDC)3] (CAU‐26) and [Zr5O4(OH)4(OAc)4(BDC)2] (CAU‐27) are reported, which were synthesized from acetic acid, a rarely utilized but green and sustainable solvent (BDC2−: 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate). Structure determination aided by automated electron diffraction tomography revealed that CAU‐26 is composed of layers of well‐known {Zr6O8} clusters interconnected by terephthalate ions. In contrast CAU‐27 exhibits a three‐dimensional structure with a so far unknown type of one‐dimensional inorganic building unit (IBU), which can be rationalized as condensed polyhedron‐sharing chains of {Zr6O8} clusters. CAU‐26 occurs as an intermediate of the CAU‐27 synthesis and can be isolated easily, when reaction temperature and time are decreased. We were also able to synthesize two isoreticular derivatives of CAU‐27 with extended linker molecules by implementing 4,4′‐biphenyldicarboxylic acid (H2BPDC) and 5,5′‐dicarboxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine (H2BIPY). All materials show high thermal and chemical stability as well as permanent microporosity. The excellent stability of CAU‐27‐BIPY was exploited to synthesize a performant iridium‐supported heterogeneous MOF‐based catalyst for the direct C−H borylation of arenes.
A MOF@COF Composite with Enhanced Uptake through Interfacial Pore Generation
Authors: Garzón‐Tovar Luis , Pérez‐Carvajal Javier , Yazdi Amirali , Hernández‐Muñoz Jose , Tarazona Pedro , Imaz Inhar , Zamora Félix , Maspoch Daniel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHerein, we describe a new class of porous composites comprising metal–organic framework (MOF) crystals confined in single spherical matrices made of packed covalent‐organic framework (COF) nanocrystals. These MOF@COF composites are synthesized through a two‐step method of spray‐drying and subsequent amorphous (imine‐based polymer)‐to‐crystalline (imine‐based COF) transformation. This transformation around the MOF crystals generates micro‐ and mesopores at the MOF/COF interface that provide far superior porosity compared to that of the constituent MOF and COF components added together. We report that water sorption in these new pores occurs within the same pressure window as in the COF pores. Our new MOF@COF composites, with their additional pores at the MOF/COF interface, should have implications for the development of new composites.
Preparation of five‐membered bis(cyclic carbonate)s at atmospheric pressure for polyhydroxyurethane coatings
Authors: Dai Jingtao , Wu Zhijun , Tang Liuyang , Qu Jinqing 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTCyclic carbonates reacted with diamines or polyamines have been proposed as a greener and safer method to prepare free isocyanate polyurethane coatings. Here, five kinds of bis(cyclic carbonate)s (TDC: toluene bis(cyclic carbonate), MDC: 4,4′‐diphenylmethane bis(cyclic carbonate), IPDC: isophorone bis(cyclic carbonate), HMDC: 4,4′‐methylenebis(cyclohexyl cyclic carbonate), HDC: hexamethylene bis(cyclic carbonate)) were prepared by reacting glycerol carbonate with diisocyanate under atmospheric pressure. Their structures were verified by 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR. These difunctional cyclic carbonates were then reacted with several amines to prepare new polyhydroxyurethane (PHU) coatings, and the film properties were tested. It was found that PHUs based on aromatic and alicyclic structures including TDC, MDC, IPDC, and HMDC displayed high hardness but had poor flexibility and impact resistance, whereas PHUs based on aliphatic structures such as HDC exhibited good flexibility and impact resistance and low hardness. When the length of the alkyl groups in the amine curing agents increased, the impact resistance and flexibility of the PHUs increased, but their pencil hardness decreased. PHUs from TDC, MDC, and IPDC had excellent chemical resistance, but the PHUs from HMDC and HDC had less chemical resistance. Some films displayed excellent properties including 4H pencil hardness, 100 cm kg impact resistance, and excellent flexibility. Some PHUs exhibited good thermal stability, with T5% values all above 242°C. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47957.