bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical examination and non‐invasive screening tests in the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease in people with diabetes‐related foot ulceration
Authors: Vriens B. , D'Abate F. , Ozdemir B. A. , Fenner C. , Maynard W. , Budge J. , Carradice D. , Hinchliffe R. J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimPeripheral artery disease is common in people with diabetes‐related foot ulceration and is a risk factor for amputation. The best method for the detection or exclusion of peripheral artery disease is unknown. This study investigated the utility of clinical examination and non‐invasive bedside tests in screening for peripheral artery disease in diabetes‐related foot ulceration.MethodsSome 60 people presenting with new‐onset ulceration participated. Accuracy of pulses, ankle pressure, toe pressure, toe–brachial index (TBI), ankle–brachial pressure index (ABPI), pole test at ankle, transcutaneous oxygen pressure and distal tibial waveform on ultrasound were examined. The gold standard diagnostic test used was > 50% stenosis in any artery or monophasic flow distal to calcification in any ipsilateral vessel on duplex ultrasound.ResultsThe negative and positive likelihood ratios of pedal pulse assessment (0.75, 1.38) and the other clinical assessment tools were poor. The negative and positive likelihood ratios of ABPI (0.53, 1.69), transcutaneous oxygen pressure (1.10, 0.81) and ankle pressure (0.67, 2.25) were unsatisfactory. The lowest negative likelihood ratios were for tibial waveform assessment (0.15) and TBI (0.24). The highest positive likelihood ratios were for toe pressure (17.55) and pole test at the ankle (10.29) but the negative likelihood ratios were poor at 0.56 and 0.74.ConclusionsPulse assessment and ABPI have limited utility in the detection of peripheral artery disease in people with diabetes foot ulceration. TBI and distal tibial waveforms are useful for selecting those needing diagnostic testing.
Successful implementation of diabetes audits in Australia: the Australian National Diabetes Information Audit and Benchmarking (ANDIAB) initiative
Authors: Lee A. S. , Colagiuri S. , Flack J. R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimWe developed and implemented a national audit and benchmarking programme to describe the clinical status of people with diabetes attending specialist diabetes services in Australia.MethodsThe Australian National Diabetes Information Audit and Benchmarking (ANDIAB) initiative was established as a quality audit activity. De‐identified data on demographic, clinical, biochemical and outcome items were collected from specialist diabetes services across Australia to provide cross‐sectional data on people with diabetes attending specialist centres at least biennially during the years 1998 to 2011.ResultsIn total, 38 155 sets of data were collected over the eight ANDIAB audits. Each ANDIAB audit achieved its primary objective to collect, collate, analyse, audit and report clinical diabetes data in Australia. Each audit resulted in the production of a pooled data report, as well as individual site reports allowing comparison and benchmarking against other participating sites.ConclusionsThe ANDIAB initiative resulted in the largest cross‐sectional national de‐identified dataset describing the clinical status of people with diabetes attending specialist diabetes services in Australia. ANDIAB showed that people treated by specialist services had a high burden of diabetes complications. This quality audit activity provided a framework to guide planning of healthcare services.
Healthcare professionals' views of group structured education for people with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Winkley K. , Upsher R. , Keij S. M. , Chamley M. , Ismail K. , Forbes A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimTo determine healthcare professionals' (HCP) views of group structured education for people with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis was a qualitative study using semi‐structured interviews to ascertain primary care HCPs’ views and experiences of education for people with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes. A thematic framework method was applied to analyse the data. Participants were HCPs (N = 22) from 15 general practices in three south London boroughs.ResultsAll but one HCP viewed diabetes education favourably and all identified that low attendance was a problem. Three key themes emerged from the qualitative data: (1) benefits of diabetes education, including the group mode of delivery, improved patient interactions, saving HCPs’ time and improved patient outcomes; (2) factors limiting uptake of education, including patient‐level problems such as access and the appropriateness of the programme for certain groups, and difficulties communicating the benefits to patients and integration of education management plans into ongoing diabetes care; and (3) suggestions for improvement, including strategies to improve attendance at education with more localized and targeted marketing and enhanced programme content including follow‐up sessions and support for people with pre‐existing psychological issues.ConclusionsMost HCPs valued diabetes education and all highlighted the lack of provision for people with different levels of health literacy. Because there was wide variation in terms of the level of knowledge regarding the education on offer, future studies may want to focus on how to help HCPs encourage their patients to attend.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in older people: a brief statement of key principles of modern day management including the assessment of frailty. A national collaborative stakeholder initiative
Authors: Strain W. D. , Hope S. V. , Green A. , Kar P. , Valabhji J. , Sinclair A. J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRates of population ageing are unprecedented and this, combined with the progressive urbanization of lifestyles, has led to a dramatic shift in the epidemiology of diabetes towards old age, particularly to those aged 60–79 years. Both ageing and diabetes are recognized as important risk factors for the development of functional decline and disability. In addition, diabetes is associated with a high economic, social and health burden. Traditional macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes appear to account for less than half of the diabetes‐related disability observed in older people. Despite this, older adults are under‐represented in clinical trials. Guidelines from organizations such as the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, and the American Diabetes Association acknowledge the need for individualized care, but the glycaemic targets that are suggested to constitute good control [HbA1c 53–59 mmol/mol (7–7.5%)] are too tight for frail older individuals. We present a framework for the assessment of older adults and guidelines for the management of this population according to their frailty status, with the intention of reducing complications and improving quality of life for these people.
Personal Security and Electoral Demobilization: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Abdo‐Katsipis Carla B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis research examines the link between the encroachment upon personal security and political participation among women in Lebanon and Morocco. Analyses are performed on the Status of Women in the Middle East and North Africa Survey conducted by the International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) from August 2009 to June 2010. Results indicate a strong link between perceptions of personal security in both public and private spheres, and the propensity to vote. The results show that not feeling free to leave the home and experiencing regular sexual harassment in the public sphere curtail women's likelihood to vote. These findings have profound implications for shaping policies as they apply to women in the transitioning Middle East.
The importance of stream interstitial conditions for the early‐life‐stage development of the European nase (Chondrostoma nasus L.)
Authors: Duerregger Alexander , Pander Joachim , Palt Martin , Mueller Melanie , Nagel Christoffer , Geist Juergen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRheophilic cyprinid populations are in decline in many European rivers and have become target species of conservation and river restoration. This is especially true for the European nase (Chondrostoma nasus), a lithophilic species for which the early life stages pose the first bottlenecks in successful population development. In this study, egg dispersal at the substrate surface as well as within the stream interstitial was evaluated and the development of nase eggs was tested at three spawning grounds in the German Alpine Foreland. New incubation systems for cyprinid eggs as well as reference incubation boxes were developed. A significantly higher number of nase eggs (95.5%) were deposited within the stream interstitial compared to eggs sticking to the substrate surface (4.5%). Most eggs successfully developed within the stream interstitial, and hatched larvae moved deeper into the stream substrate. Higher fine sediment accumulation rates in incubation systems had a negative impact on hatching rates. Our results suggest that a permeable, well‐oxygenated stream interstitial at spawning grounds can greatly enhance hatching rates and successful development of nase, as previously found for other taxa such as salmonids. Furthermore, movements of hatched larvae into deeper layers of the stream interstitial underline its importance not only for egg development, but also as shelter for early life stages. Future conservation and restoration efforts should thus consider more intensively stream interstitial conditions on spawning grounds, including evaluating physical characteristics, fine sediment accumulation as well as bioindication with suitable incubation systems for cyprinids.
The single berberine bridge enzyme homolog of Physcomitrella patens is a cellobiose oxidase
Authors: Toplak Marina , Wiedemann Gertrud , Ulićević Jelena , Daniel Bastian , Hoernstein Sebastian N. W. , Kothe Jennifer , Niederhauser Johannes , Reski Ralf , Winkler Andreas , Macheroux Peter 
Published: April 2018

The berberine bridge enzyme from the California poppy Eschscholzia californica (EcBBE) catalyzes the oxidative cyclization of (S)‐reticuline to (S)‐scoulerine, that is, the formation of the berberine bridge in the biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. Interestingly, a large number of BBE‐like genes have been identified in plants that lack alkaloid biosynthesis. This finding raised the question of the primordial role of BBE in the plant kingdom, which prompted us to investigate the closest relative of EcBBE in Physcomitrella patens (PpBBE1), the most basal plant harboring a BBE‐like gene. Here, we report the biochemical, structural, and in vivo characterization of PpBBE1. Our studies revealed that PpBBE1 is structurally and biochemically very similar to EcBBE. In contrast to EcBBE, we found that PpBBE1 catalyzes the oxidation of the disaccharide cellobiose to the corresponding lactone, that is, PpBBE1 is a cellobiose oxidase. The enzymatic reaction mechanism was characterized by a structure‐guided mutagenesis approach that enabled us to assign a catalytic role to amino acid residues in the active site of PpBBE1. In vivo experiments revealed the highest level of PpBBE1 expression in chloronema, the earliest stage of the plant's life cycle, where carbon metabolism is strongly upregulated. It was also shown that the enzyme is secreted to the extracellular space, where it may be involved in later steps of cellulose degradation, thereby allowing the moss to make use of cellulose for energy production. Overall, our results suggest that the primordial role of BBE‐like enzymes in plants revolved around primary metabolic reactions in carbohydrate utilization.DatabaseStructural data are available in the PDB under the accession numbers 6EO4 and 6EO5.
Rutile R632 – A New Natural Reference Material for U‐Pb and Zr Determination
Authors: Axelsson Emelie , Pape Jonas , Berndt Jasper , Corfu Fernando , Mezger Klaus , Raith Michael M. 
Published: April 2018

A new natural rutile reference material is presented, suitable for U‐Pb dating and Zr‐in‐rutile thermometry by microbeam methods. U‐Pb dating of rutile R632 using laser ablation ICP‐MS with both magnetic sector field and quadrupole instruments as well as isotope dilution‐thermal ionisation mass spectrometry yielded a concordia age of 496 ± 2 Ma. The high U content (> 300 μg g−1) enabled measurement of high‐precision U‐Pb ages despite its young age. The sample was found to have a Zr content of 4294 ± 196 μg g−1, which makes it an excellent complementary reference material for Zr‐in‐rutile thermometry. Individual rutile grains have homogeneous compositions of a number of other trace elements including V, Cr, Fe, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta and W. This newly characterised material significantly expands the range of available rutile reference materials relevant for age and temperature determinations.
Isolation and identification of two major acylated anthocyanins from purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. cultivar Eshu No. 8) by UPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS and NMR
Authors: Zhang Jiu‐Liang , Luo Chun‐Li , Zhou Qing , Zhang Zi‐Cheng 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIn recent years, researches on the isolation and preparation of monomeric anthocyanins have intensified because of the requirements of quantitative and structure–bioactivity relationship analyses. However, simple and effective methods about the scale of monomeric anthocyanins from the natural purple sweet potato powder are rarely reported. In this study, high molecular weight acylated monomeric anthocyanins were isolated from purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. cultivar Eshu No. 8) via the combination of column chromatography and semi‐preparative HPLC technology and identified mainly by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS) and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Two major acylated anthocyanins were unambiguously determined as peonidin 3‐O‐(6‐O‐(E)‐caffeoyl‐(2‐O‐(6‐O‐p‐hydroxybenzoyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside)‐5‐O‐(β‐D‐glucopyranoside) and peonidin 3‐O‐(6‐O‐(E)‐caffeoyl‐(2‐O‐(6‐O‐(E)‐feruloyl)‐β‐D‐ glucopyranosyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside)‐5‐O‐(β‐D‐glucopyranoside). The results of this study may help promote the purification of high molecular weight acylated anthocyanins from purple sweet potato as well as from other plant materials in nature.
Comparison of structural, antioxidant and immuno‐stimulating activities of polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis in two different regions of China
Authors: Li Pan , Jiang Zhuo , Sun Tian , Wang Chao , Chen Yiyong , Yang Ziyin , Du Bing , Liu Chunyang 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIn this study, we compared the chemical structure, antioxidant and immuno‐stimulating activities of two polysaccharides, TPS–FJ and TPS–SC, extracted from Tremella fuciformis from two of the major cultivation regions of China. TPS–FJ and TPS–SC contained protein and high uronic acid. Average molecular weights of TPS–FJ and TPS–SC were 45 461 and 25 981 kDa, respectively. A triple‐helix conformation was exhibited by TPS–FJ but not by TPS–SC. TPS–FJ and TPS–SC contained same monosaccharides but in different ratios. Both the polysaccharides displayed characteristic polysaccharide bands in their Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectra, shown high water and oil holding capacity, and retained antioxidant potential after simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. TPS–FJ significantly (P < 0.05) stimulated the nitric oxide, tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 production of RAW 264.7 cells with higher reactions than those of TPS–SC in vitro. Thus, Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide can be used as a potential antioxidant and immunomodulatory ingredient in food industry.
Prostate‐specific antigen screening impacts on biochemical recurrence in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer
Authors: Hashimoto Takeshi , Ohori Makoto , Shimodaira Kenji , Kaburaki Naoto , Hirasawa Yosuke , Satake Naoya , Gondo Tatsuo , Nakagami Yoshihiro , Namiki Kazunori , Ohno Yoshio 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo clarify the impact of prostate‐specific antigen screening on surgical outcomes of prostate cancer.MethodsPatients who underwent radical prostatectomy were divided into two groups according to prostate‐specific antigen testing opportunity (group 1, prostate‐specific antigen screening; group 2, non‐prostate‐specific antigen screening). Perioperative clinical characteristics were compared using the Wilcoxon rank‐sum and χ2‐tests. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify independent predictors of postoperative biochemical recurrence‐free survival.ResultsIn total, 798 patients (63.2%) and 464 patients (36.8%) were categorized into groups 1 and 2, respectively. Group 2 patients were more likely to have a higher prostate‐specific antigen level and age at diagnosis and larger prostate volume. Clinical T stage, percentage of positive cores and pathological Gleason score did not differ between the groups. The 5‐year biochemical recurrence‐free survival rate was 83.9% for group 1 and 71.0% for group 2 (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, prostate‐specific antigen testing opportunity (hazard ratio 2.530; P < 0.001) was an independent predictive factor for biochemical recurrence after surgery, as well as pathological T stage, pathological Gleason score, positive surgical margin and lymphovascular invasion. Additional analyses showed that prostate‐specific antigen screening had a greater impact on biochemical recurrence in a younger patients, patients with a high prostate‐specific antigen level, large prostate volume and D'Amico high risk, and patients meeting the exclusion criteria of the Prostate Cancer Research International Active Surveillance study.ConclusionsDetection by screening results in favorable outcomes after surgery. Prostate‐specific antigen screening might contribute to reducing biochemical recurrence in patients with localized prostate cancer.
Thermally reduced rGO‐wrapped CoP/Co2P hybrid microflower as an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Kim Taek‐Seung , Song Hee Jo , Dar Mushtaq Ahmad , Shim Hyun‐Woo , Kim Dong‐Wan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCobalt phosphides (CoPx) are potential candidates for use as high‐efficiency hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalysts that can replace noble metals, such as Pt. Typically, CoPx can be synthesized by phosphidation with Co‐based precursors such as oxides or hydroxides. In this study, we propose a new strategy for synthesizing CoPx through the thermal reduction in cobalt phosphate (Co3(PO4)2). A reduced graphene oxide‐wrapped CoP/Co2P hybrid microflower was successfully synthesized by a facile coprecipitation method in a Co3(PO4)2 matrix, followed by a thermal reduction process. Co3(PO4)2 can be transformed to CoP/Co2P by treatment at 700°C for 1 hour, maintaining the original particle morphology with the assistance of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). In a 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution, the rGO‐CoP/Co2P microflower catalyzes the hydrogen evolution reaction with an overpotential of 156 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a Tafel slope of 53.8 mV dec−1, and good stability as observed through long‐term CV and chronoamperometry tests.
Psychosocial interventions for disruptive behaviour problems in children in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Burkey Matthew D. , Hosein Megan , Morton Isabella , Purgato Marianna , Adi Ahmad , Kurzrok Mark , Kohrt Brandon A. , Tol Wietse A. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundMost of the evidence for psychosocial interventions for disruptive behaviour problems comes from Western, high‐income countries. The transferability of this evidence to culturally diverse, low‐resource settings with few mental health specialists is unknown.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review with random‐effects meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials examining the effects of psychosocial interventions on reducing behaviour problems among children (under 18) living in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC).ResultsTwenty‐six randomized controlled trials (representing 28 psychosocial interventions), evaluating 4,441 subjects, met selection criteria. Fifteen (54%) prevention interventions targeted general or at‐risk populations, whereas 13 (46%) treatment interventions targeted children selected for elevated behaviour problems. Most interventions were delivered in group settings (96%) and half (50%) were administered by non‐specialist providers. The overall effect (standardized mean difference, SMD) of prevention studies was −0.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.41 to −0.09; I2: 78%) and of treatment studies was −0.56 (95% CI: −0.51 to −0.24; I2: 74%). Subgroup analyses demonstrated effectiveness for child‐focused (SMD: −0.35; 95% CI: −0.57 to −0.14) and behavioural parenting interventions (SMD: −0.43; 95% CI: −0.66 to −0.20), and that interventions were effective across age ranges.ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis supports the use of psychosocial interventions as a feasible and effective way to reduce disruptive behaviour problems among children in LMIC. Our study provides strong evidence for child‐focused and behavioural parenting interventions, interventions across age ranges and interventions delivered in groups. Additional research is needed on training and supervision of non‐specialists and on implementation of effective interventions in LMIC settings.
Why do children read more? The influence of reading ability on voluntary reading practices
Authors: van Bergen Elsje , Snowling Margaret J. , de Zeeuw Eveline L. , van Beijsterveldt Catharina E.M. , Dolan Conor V. , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundThis study investigates the causal relationships between reading and print exposure and investigates whether the amount children read outside school determines how well they read, or vice versa. Previous findings from behavioural studies suggest that reading predicts print exposure. Here, we use twin‐data and apply the behaviour‐genetic approach of direction of causality modelling, suggested by Heath et al. (), to investigate the causal relationships between these two traits.MethodPartial data were available for a large sample of twin children (N = 11,559) and 262 siblings, all enrolled in the Netherlands Twin Register. Children were assessed around 7.5 years of age. Mothers completed questionnaires reporting children's time spent on reading activities and reading ability. Additional information on reading ability was available through teacher ratings and performance on national reading tests. For siblings reading test, results were available.ResultsThe reading ability of the twins was comparable to that of the siblings and national norms, showing that twin findings can be generalized to the population. A measurement model was specified with two latent variables, Reading Ability and Print Exposure, which correlated .41. Heritability analyses showed that Reading Ability was highly heritable, while genetic and environmental influences were equally important for Print Exposure. We exploited the fact that the two constructs differ in genetic architecture and fitted direction of causality models. The results supported a causal relationship running from Reading Ability to Print Exposure.ConclusionsHow much and how well children read are moderately correlated. Individual differences in print exposure are less heritable than individual differences in reading ability. Importantly, the present results suggest that it is the children's reading ability that determines how much they choose to read, rather than vice versa.