bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peak torque, rate of torque development and average torque of isometric ankle and elbow contractions show excellent test–retest reliability
Authors: Simpson Daniel , Ehrensberger Monika , Nulty Christopher , Regan Joanne , Broderick Patrick , Blake Catherine , Monaghan Kenneth 
Published: October 2018

Background: Peak Torque (PT), Rate of Torque Development (RTD) and Average Torque (AT) over a single contraction assess the three components of muscle function during isometric contractions. Surprisingly, AT has never been reported or its reliability confirmed. Objectives: This study aims to establish protocol reliability for ankle dorsiflexion and elbow extension isometric muscle function (PT, RTD, AT) in healthy participants using the Biodex System 3 Dynamometer. Methods: Twelve participants (6 male, 6 female, mean age [Formula: see text] years) performed four maximal isometric contractions on two occasions. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Typical Error (TE) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) for PT, RTD and AT were reported. Results: The ICC for all strength parameters varied from 0.98–0.92. TE for ankle dorsiflexion PT was 1.38[Formula: see text]Nm, RTD 7.43[Formula: see text]Nm/s and AT 1.33[Formula: see text]Nm, CV varied from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. For elbow extension, TE was 3.36[Formula: see text]Nm for PT, 14.87[Formula: see text]Nm/s for RTD and 3.03[Formula: see text]Nm for AT, CV varied from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. Conclusion: Maximal isometric ankle dorsiflexion and elbow extension PT, RTD and AT can be evaluated with excellent reliability when following the described protocol. This testing procedure, including the application of AT, can be confidently applied in research, exercise or clinical settings.
Towards a More Resilient Delhi: Rapid Urbanization and Climate Change
Authors: Singh Jasdeep 
Published: October 2018

The discourse on resilient cities encapsulates various analogies, which are further constructed through the work of researchers in creation of several resilience assessment methodologies and toolkits. Despite the presence of numerous resilience assessment tools, there is an apparent lack of participation of residents of the global south within the assessment and iterative transformation processes. The situation, hence, is not truly represented through application of these tools in certain socio-political climates such as of India. Consistent economic growth of India has resulted in rapid urbanization of major cities. But, this has not been supplemented with proper planning, resulting in imbalances in all spheres of city infrastructure. Delhi, capital city of India, has been one of the worst hit cities. The hot seasons have caused thousands of fatalities in the past few years. An attempt is made to review the application of current resilience tools in Delhi against the backdrop of the sustainable development goals. In an attempt to improve the approach of these existing tools, an initial iteration is conducted, hinging on qualitative data obtained through surveying a sample population of the city and accessible quantitative metric data. Possible intervention scenarios are further suggested in view of aforementioned stressors and resilience scores. Research question: Where are the current resilience tools found lacking in the case of the global south, specifically in Delhi? How can the applicability of these tools be improved without compromising the deliverables yet ensuring an all-inclusive approach? Key findings: (1) The city is found lacking in adequate infrastructure facilities to its residents especially within the ambits of basic water and sanitation provision and healthcare services. (2) The city is relatively unprepared to face unforeseen events, both at the administrative and the grassroots levels. The lack of knowledge transfer and cooperation are largely evident.
Cerdulatinib Pharmacodynamics and Relationships to Tumor Response Following Oral Dosing in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory B-cell Malignancies
Authors: Coffey Greg P. , Feng Jiajia , Betz Andreas , Pandey Anjali , Birrell Matt , Leeds Janet M. , Der Kenneth , Kadri Sabah , Lu Pin , Segal Jeremy , Wang Y. Lynn , Michelson Glenn , Curnutte John T. , Conley Pamela B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurpose:Preclinical studies suggest SYK and JAK contribute to tumor-intrinsic and microenvironment-derived survival signals. The pharmacodynamics of cerdulatinib, a dual SYK/JAK inhibitor, and associations with tumor response were investigated.Patients and Methods:In a phase I dose-escalation study in adults with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies, cerdulatinib was administered orally to sequential dose-escalation cohorts using once-daily or twice-daily schedules. The study enrolled 8 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), 13 with follicular lymphoma, 16 with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and 6 with mantle cell lymphoma. Correlation of tumor response with pharmacodynamic markers was determined in patients with meaningful clinical responses.Results:Following cerdulatinib administration, complete SYK and JAK pathway inhibition was achieved in whole blood of patients at tolerated exposures. Target inhibition correlated with serum cerdulatinib concentration, and IC50 values against B-cell antigen receptor (BCR), IL2, IL4, and IL6 signaling pathways were 0.27 to 1.11 μmol/L, depending on the phosphorylation event. Significant correlations were observed between SYK and JAK pathway inhibition and tumor response. Serum inflammation markers were reduced by cerdulatinib, and several significantly correlated with tumor response. Diminished expression of CD69 and CD86 (B-cell activation markers), CD5 (negative regulator of BCR signaling), and enhanced expression of CXCR4 were observed in 2 patients with CLL, consistent with BCR and IL4 suppression and loss of proliferative capacity.Conclusions:Cerdulatinib potently and selectively inhibited SYK/JAK signaling at tolerated exposures in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies. The extent of target inhibition in whole-blood assays and suppression of inflammation correlated with tumor response. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID:NCT01994382).
Neo-Calvinism and Ethnic Churches in Multiethnic Contexts
Authors: Ong Andrew 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Despite neo-Calvinism’s thorny historic relationship with apartheid, this article retrieves from neo-Calvinism to contribute to the contemporary evangelical conversation about ethnic and multiethnic churches. Scholars of various disciplines have commonly accepted a link between neo-Calvinism and South Africa’s apartheid. Meanwhile, neo-Calvinists labor to sever this link, wishing to disentangle their tradition from apartheid’s evils, such as the enforcement of racially segregated churches. In reaction to the evils of such segregation, many contemporary Evangelicals have advocated for multiethnic churches that demographically reflect their ethnically diverse communities on the basis of Christian unity. This has implicitly and explicitly challenged the legitimacy of ethnic churches. This article contends that despite the link between neo-Calvinism and apartheid, and despite neo-Calvinist efforts to sever this link, neo-Calvinism offers good biblical and theological support for the establishment of ethnic churches in multiethnic contexts without at all denigrating multiethnic churches or falling into the evils of apartheid.
Reforming Melchizedek
Authors: Fisher Jeff 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This essay demonstrates the significant changes to the interpretation of passages in Hebrews about Melchizedek during the Reformation era. This comparison of the emphases in the medieval tradition with those of Protestant interpreters substantiates the gradual movement toward an increased interest in the literal-historical sense without entirely discarding a spiritual sense. It reveals continuity with explaining Melchizedek as a type of Christ and the diversity of explanations about Melchizedek’s identity, location, and purpose. And it establishes discontinuity with interpreters’ explanations for the way the author of Hebrews used Old Testament and about Melchizedek’s actions as a type of the Eucharist.
“His Death Manifested Its Power and Efficacy in Us”
Authors: van Driel Edwin Chr. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Even while Calvin affirms the reality of the resurrection of the flesh, Christ’s resurrection does only very limited work in Calvin’s theological imagination. It is only revelatory and applicatory of a transformative event that has previously occurred. For Calvin, the full measure of salvation is obtained in Christ’s death, not in his resurrection. Christ’s resurrection makes us aware of this salvific reality and allows us to be drawn into it, but it does not inaugurate a salvific transformation itself. Moreover, while Calvin holds that Christ’s resurrection is a guarantee and model for our resurrection, embodiment plays no role in his eschatological vision.
L'Uso Degli Inibitori Dell'Ureasi Batterica Nella Litiasi Da Infezione Studio Clinico Comparativo
Authors: Carmignani G. , Belgrano E. , Puppo P. , Repetto U. 
Published: October 2018

Dall'accertamento, ad opera soprattutto di Griffith e coll.(1,5) di un preciso rapporto causa-effetto tra infezione da germi produttori di ureasi e sviluppo di una calcolosi struvitica, è nata l'esigenza di sperimentare i farmaci inibitori dell'ureasi batterica nella terapia e nella prevenzione della cosidetta litiasi da infezione. Nel presente lavoro descriviamo la nostra esperienza clinica con l'uso sia dell'idrossiurea (HU),(6,7,8) che con l'acido acetoidrossamico (AHA)(8) su un gruppo di 45 pazienti con infezione da germi produttori di ureasi.
Cells of War: A Serious Game for Familiarizing Players With the Immune System
Authors: Konstantara Konstantina , Xinogalos Stelios 
Published: October 2018

Background. Health constitutes a major field in serious games because of the wide range of applications and the significant contribution to humans and society. The spectrum of games for health meets the needs for education, training, treatment, rehabilitation, research, well-being, prevention, motivation and others. Aim. Cells of War is a serious card game, aiming to familiarize the players with the complex functionalities of the immune system, inform on diseases coming from viruses, bacteria, parasites or fungi and explain how some daily habits may affect health. Method. This article analyzes all the design steps followed in order to integrate the learning content into the game mechanics and game-play. The offline card game was developed in the game engine Unity, making it possible to build executables for Windows, Linux and Mac OS X and distribute them to the users for the first pilot evaluation. The results of the pilot evaluation are presented along with useful feedback for the game. Results. Cells of War was evaluated by a wide range of people on different age groups, interests, gaming background, knowledge background and among them a few health specialists and educators. Overall the game achieved to transfer some knowledge, while the feedback will contribute to the improvement of the game. Conclusions. The pilot evaluation of Cells of War showed that the game is fun, well-designed and achieves to educate the players, although the participants suggested a few issues for improvement. Cells of War has to be used and evaluated by students and teachers in order to assess the game as an instructional tool in schools and evaluate its impact on learning the functionalities of the immune system.
Cutting the subconjunctival fragment of the XEN gel implant during needling procedure
Authors: Bustros Youssef , Chaudhary Ankita , Salinas Lauriane , Mansouri Kaweh 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: To describe the case and the follow-up of an inadvertently damaged XEN gel implant during needling procedure. Methods: Case report. Results: A 60-year-old African American patient underwent an uncomplicated combined phacoemulsification with the insertion of a XEN gel implant. Two months postoperatively, a needling procedure was required. During the needling procedure, a fragment of the XEN gel implant was inadvertently damaged. One month postoperatively, the intraocular pressure was still controlled and the bleb was functioning well. Conclusion: This case report reveals a previously unreported complication concerning XEN gel implant. It is important for the surgeon to pay attention during needling procedure, especially if there is a subconjunctival hemorrhage impairing the view, to defer the procedure until good visibility exists.
Effect of reinforced, targeted in-person education using the Jessa Atrial fibrillation Knowledge Questionnaire in patients with atrial fibrillation: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Desteghe Lien , Engelhard Lara , Vijgen Johan , Koopman Pieter , Dilling-Boer Dagmara , Schurmans Joris , Delesie Michiel , Dendale Paul , Heidbuchel Hein 
Published: October 2018

Background: The knowledge level of atrial fibrillation patients about their arrhythmia, its consequences and treatment is poor. The best strategy to provide education is unknown. Aim: To investigate the effect of reinforced targeted in-person education using the Jessa Atrial fibrillation Knowledge Questionnaire (JAKQ). Methods: Sixty-seven atrial fibrillation patients were randomized to standard care (including brochures) or targeted education. Follow-up visits were scheduled after one, three, six and 12 months. Targeted education during each visit focused on the knowledge gaps revealed by the JAKQ. Patients completed two questionnaires to assess their quality of life and symptom profile. Adherence to non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants was measured using electronic monitoring. Results: Sixty-two patients (31 education; 31 standard care) completed follow-up. Median baseline score on the JAKQ was similar in education (62.5%) and standard care group (56.3%; p=0.815). The intervention group scored significantly better over time (one month: 75.0%, 12 months: 87.5%; p<0.001) whereas there was no significant improvement in the control group (one month: 62.5%, 12 months: 62.5%; p=0.085). Providing targeted education after completion of the JAKQ required on average 6.9±4.6 min. Some improvements in quality of life, symptom burden and adherence were shown, without significant differences between the two groups ( p-values between 0.282 and 0.677). Conclusion: The JAKQ is an effective tool for providing individualized education. A first targeted educational session significantly improved patients’ knowledge level. Additional educational sessions maintained and strengthened this effect. A larger scale study is warranted to evaluate the impact on adherence and outcome measures.
Image Quality and Dose Reduction by Dual Source Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography: Protocol Comparison
Authors: Forte Ernesto , Monti Serena , Parente Chiara Anna , Beyer Lukas , De Rosa Roberto , Infante Teresa , Cavaliere Carlo , Cademartiri Filippo , Salvatore Marco , Stroszczynski Christian , Tedeschi Carlo 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: To compare image quality and radiation dose among different protocols in patients who underwent a 128-slice dual source computed tomography coronary angiography (DSCT-CTCA). Methods: Ninety patients were retrospectively grouped according to heart rate (HR): 26 patients (group A) with stable HR ≤60 bpm were acquired using high pitch spiral mode (FLASH); 48 patients (group B) with irregular HR ≤60 bpm or stable HR between 60 and 70 bpm using step and shoot mode; and 16 patients (group C) with irregular HR >60 bpm or stable HR ≥70 bpm by retrospective electrocardiogram pulsing acquisition. Signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) were measured for the main vascular structures. Moreover, the dose-length product and the effective dose were assessed. Results: Both SNR and CNR were higher in group A compared to group C (18.27 ± 0.32 vs 11.22 ± 0.50 and 16.75 ± 0.32 vs 10.17 ± 0.50; P = .001). The effective dose was lower in groups A and B (2.09 ± 1.27 mSv and 4.60 ± 2.78 mSv, respectively) compared to group C (9.61 ± 5.95 mSv) P < .0001. Conclusion: The correct selection of a low-dose, HR-matched CTCA scan protocol with a DSCT scanner provides substantial reduction of radiation exposure and better SNR and CNR.
Implementing the Proclamation of Stroke and Potentially Preventable Dementias
Authors: Hachinski Vladimir , Ganten Detlev , Lackland Daniel , Kreutz Reinhold , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Hacke Werner 
Published: October 2018

Brain health plays a central role in wellbeing and in the management of chronic diseases. Stroke and dementia pose the two greatest threats to brain health, but recent developments suggest the possibility that preventing stroke may also prevent some dementias: 1. A large population study showed a 32% decrease in the incidence of stroke and a concomitant 7% reduction in the incidence of dementia; 2. Treatment of atrial fibrillation resulted not only in stroke reduction, but a 48% decrease in dementia; 3. A hypothesis free analyses has shown that the first phase of Alzheimer disease involves vascular dysregulation, opening the door to new therapeutic approaches; 4. Cognitive impairment, often treatable and reversible, accompanies heart and kidney failure. These developments, combined with the knowledge that stroke, dementia and heart disease share the same major treatable risk factors, particularly hypertension, offers an opportunity for their joint prevention. This aspiration is expressed by a Proclamation of the World Stroke Organization on Stroke and Potentially Preventable Dementias and endorsed by the World Heart Federation, the World Hypertension League, Alzheimer Disease International and 18 other international, regional and national organizations as a call for action.
Efficacy of oral rifampicin in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Venkatesh Ramesh , Agarwal Manisha , Kantha Meha 
Published: October 2018

Objective: To evaluate the role of oral rifampicin in the management of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (duration >3 months) and treated with oral rifampicin 600 mg daily for a maximum period of 3 months was carried out. Baseline visual acuity, fundus fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography were recorded and the patients were followed up. Resolution of subretinal fluid and improvement in visual acuity were the main outcome measures. Recurrence of subretinal fluid was noted. Any adverse reaction to the drug was monitored. Results: Nine eyes of eight patients were included in the study. The average age of the patients was 41.90 years (range 32–52 years). Mean duration of symptoms was 16 months (range 3–60 months). Mean duration of follow-up was 10.11 months (range 3–33 months). Fluorescein angiography showed four eyes with subfoveal leaks and five eyes with diffuse retinal pigment epitheliopathy. Complete resolution of subretinal fluid was achieved in four of the nine eyes – two patients at the end of 1 month, one patient each at the end of 2 and 3 months, respectively. Visual acuity improvement was noted in four of the nine eyes. Three patients had one-line improvement and one patient had a two-line visual improvement. None of the patients had severe adverse events for which the drug had to be discontinued. None of the patients had recurrence of subretinal fluid after the discontinuation of the drug. Conclusion: Oral rifampicin could provide a useful, effective, and cost-effective alternative for treatment of patients with chronic central serous choroidopathy and evidence of healthier retinal pigment epithelium, those with focal leakage. It was not effective in eyes with diffuse retinal pigment epitheliopathy.
Development and validation of a survival staging system incorporating BNP in patients with light chain amyloidosis
Authors: Lilleness Brian , Ruberg Frederick L. , Mussinelli Roberta , Doros Gheorghe , Sanchorawala Vaishali 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis) is caused by misfolded light chains that form soluble toxic aggregates that deposit in tissues and organs, leading to organ dysfunction. The leading determinant of survival is cardiac involvement. Current staging systems use N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponins T and I (TnT and TnI) for prognostication, but many centers do not offer NT-proBNP. We sought to derive a new staging system using brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) that would correlate with the Mayo 2004 staging system and be predictive for survival in AL amyloidosis. Two cohorts of patients were created: a derivation cohort of 249 consecutive patients who had BNP, NT-proBNP, and TnI drawn simultaneously to create the staging system and a complementary cohort of 592 patients with 10 years of follow-up to determine survival. In the derivation cohort, we found that a BNP threshold of more than 81 pg/mL best associated with Mayo 2004 stage and also best identified cardiac involvement. Three stages were developed based on a BNP higher than 81 pg/mL and a TnI higher than 0.1 ng/mL and compared with Mayo 2004 with high concordance (κ = 0.854). In the complementary cohort, 25% of patients had stage I, 44% had stage II, 15% had stage III, and 16% had stage IIIb disease with a median survival not reached in stage I, 9.4 years in stage II, 4.3 years in stage III, and 1 year in stage IIIb. This new Boston University biomarker scoring system will allow centers without access to NT-proBNP the ability to appropriately stage patients with AL amyloidosis. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00898235.