bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction solutions of the first BKP equation
Authors: Chen Jing , Yu Jian-Ping , Ma Wen-Xiu , Sun Yong-Li , Khalique Chaudry Masood 
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we study the interaction solutions of the first BKP equation by using the Hirota direct method and taking long-wave limit. In order to obtain the interaction solutions, the multi-soliton solutions are firstly derived using the Hirota direct method, then the interaction solutions are successfully constructed by properly choosing appropriate parameters and taking long-wave limit on the soliton solutions. These parameters have great influences on the propagation directions, shapes as well as energy. Moreover, the dynamic properties of these obtained solutions are illustrated vividly by some graphs. The results in this work could be used to solve nonlinear problems in nonlinear optics and engineering field.
An Exploratory Study on Software-Defined Data Center Hard Disk Drives
Authors: Li Yin , Chen Xubin , Zheng Ning , Hao Jingpeng , Zhang Tong 
Published: May 2019

This article presents a design framework aiming to reduce mass data storage cost in data centers. Its underlying principle is simple: Assume one may noticeably reduce the HDD manufacturing cost by significantly (i.e., at least several orders of magnitude) relaxing raw HDD reliability, which ensures the eventual data storage integrity via low-cost system-level redundancy. This is called system-assisted HDD bit cost reduction. To better utilize both capacity and random IOPS of HDDs, it is desirable to mix data with complementary requirements on capacity and random IOPS in each HDD. Nevertheless, different capacity and random IOPS requirements may demand different raw HDD reliability vs. bit cost trade-offs and hence different forms of system-assisted bit cost reduction. This article presents a software-centric design framework to realize data-adaptive system-assisted bit cost reduction for data center HDDs. Implementation is solely handled by the filesystem and demands only minor change of the error correction coding (ECC) module inside HDDs. Hence, it is completely transparent to all the other components in the software stack (e.g., applications, OS kernel, and drivers) and keeps fundamental HDD design practice (e.g., firmware, media, head, and servo) intact. We carried out analysis and experiments to evaluate its implementation feasibility and effectiveness. We integrated the design techniques into
ext4
to further quantitatively measure its impact on system speed performance.
RNA Sequencing of the NCI-60: Integration into CellMiner and CellMiner CDB
Authors: Reinhold William C. , Varma Sudhir , Sunshine Margot , Elloumi Fathi , Ofori-Atta Kwabena , Lee Sunmin , Trepel Jane B. , Meltzer Paul S. , Doroshow James H. , Pommier Yves 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

CellMiner (http://discover.nci.nih.gov/cellminer) and CellMinerCDB (https://discover.nci.nih.gov/cellminercdb/) are web-based applications for mining publicly available genomic, molecular, and pharmacologic datasets of human cancer cell lines including the NCI-60, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer, Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal, NCI/DTP small cell lung cancer, and NCI Almanac cell line sets. Here, we introduce our RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data for the NCI-60 and their access and integration with the other databases. Correlation to transcript microarray expression levels for identical genes and identical cell lines across CellMinerCDB demonstrates the high quality of these new RNA-seq data. We provide composite and isoform transcript expression data and demonstrate diversity in isoform composition for individual cancer- and pharmacologically relevant genes, including HRAS, PTEN, EGFR, RAD51, ALKBH2, BRCA1, ERBB2, TP53, FGFR2, and CTNND1. We reveal cell-specific differences in the overall levels of isoforms and show their linkage to expression of RNA processing and splicing genes as well as resultant alterations in cancer and pharmacologic gene sets. Gene–drug pairings linked by pathways or functions show specific correlations to isoforms compared with composite gene expression, including ALKBH2-benzaldehyde, AKT3-vandetanib, BCR-imatinib, CDK1 and 20-palbociclib, CASP1-imexon, and FGFR3-pazopanib. Loss of MUC1 20 amino acid variable number tandem repeats, which is used to elicit immune response, and the presence of the androgen receptor AR-V4 and -V7 isoforms in all NCI-60 tissue of origin types demonstrate translational relevance. In summary, we introduce RNA-seq data to our CellMiner and CellMinerCDB web applications, allowing their exploration for both research and translational purposes.

Significance:
The current study provides RNA sequencing data for the NCI-60 cell lines made accessible through both CellMiner and CellMinerCDB and is an important pharmacogenomics resource for the field.
Overall Survival in Malignant Glioma Is Significantly Prolonged by Neurosurgical Delivery of Etoposide and Temozolomide from a Thermo-Responsive Biodegradable Paste
Authors: Smith Stuart J. , Tyler Betty M. , Gould Toby , Veal Gareth J. , Gorelick Noah , Rowlinson Jonathan , Serra Riccardo , Ritchie Alison , Berry Phillip , Otto Annette , Choi John , Skuli Nicolas , Estevez-Cebrero Maria , Shakesheff Kevin M. , Brem Henry , Grundy Richard G. , Rahman Ruman 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
High-grade glioma (HGG) treatment is limited by the inability of otherwise potentially efficacious drugs to penetrate the blood–brain barrier. We evaluate the unique intracavity delivery mode and translational potential of a blend of poly(DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid; PLGA) and poly(ethylene glycol; PEG) paste combining temozolomide and etoposide to treat surgically resected HGG.

Experimental Design:
To prolong stability of temozolomide prodrug, combined in vitro drug release was quantitatively assessed from low pH–based PLGA/PEG using advanced analytic methods. In vitro cytotoxicity was measured against a panel of HGG cell lines and patient-derived cultures using metabolic assays. In vivo safety and efficacy was evaluated using orthotopic 9L gliosarcoma allografts, previously utilized preclinically to develop Gliadel.

Results:
Combined etoposide and temozolomide in vitro release (22 and 7 days, respectively) was achieved from a lactic acid–based PLGA/PEG paste, used to enhance stability of temozolomide prodrug. HGG cells from central-enhanced regions were more sensitive to each compound relative to primary lines derived from the HGG-invasive margin. Both drugs retained cytotoxic capability upon release from PLGA/PEG. In vivo studies revealed a significant overall survival benefit in postsurgery 9L orthotopic gliosarcomas, treated with intracavity delivered PLGA/PEG/temozolomide/etoposide and enhanced with adjuvant radiotherapy. Long-term survivorship was observed in over half the animals with histologic confirmation of disease-free brain.

Conclusions:
The significant survival benefit of intracavity chemotherapy demonstrates clinical applicability of PLGA/PEG paste-mediated delivery of temozolomide and etoposide adjuvant to radiotherapy. PLGA/PEG paste offers a future platform for combination delivery of molecular targeted compounds.
Tumor Characteristics Associated with Benefit from Pembrolizumab in Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hu-Lieskovan Siwen , Lisberg Aaron , Zaretsky Jesse M. , Grogan Tristan R. , Rizvi Hira , Wells Daniel K. , Carroll James , Cummings Amy , Madrigal John , Jones Benjamin , Gukasyan Jacklin , Shintaku I. Peter , Slamon Dennis , Dubinett Steven , Goldman Jonathan W. , Elashoff David , Hellmann Matthew D. , Ribas Antoni , Garon Edward B. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Several biomarkers have been individually associated with response to PD-1 blockade, including PD-L1 and tumor mutational burden (TMB) in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and CD8 cells in melanoma. We sought to examine the relationship between these distinct variables with response to PD-1 blockade and long-term benefit.

Experimental Design:
We assessed the association between baseline tumor characteristics (TMB, PD-L1, CD4, and CD8) and clinical features and outcome in 38 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with pembrolizumab (median follow-up of 4.5 years, range 3.8–5.5 years).

Results:
PD-L1 expression and CD8 infiltration correlated with each other and each significantly associated with objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS). TMB was independent of PD-L1 and CD8 expression, and trended towards association with ORR and PFS. There was no association between CD4 infiltration and outcomes. Only PD-L1 expression was correlated with overall survival (OS). Among 5 patients with long-term survival &gt;3 years with no additional systemic therapy, PD-L1 expression was the only discriminating feature. The increased predictive value for PFS and OS of composite biomarker inclusive of PD-L1, CD8, CD4, and TMB was limited.

Conclusions:
In patients with NSCLC treated with PD-1 blockade with long-term follow up, TMB, PD-L1, and CD8 were each associated with benefit from PD-1 blockade. Pretreatment PD-L1 expression was correlated with T lymphocyte infiltration and OS, whereas models incorporating TMB and infiltrating CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes did not substantially add to the predictive value of PD-L1 alone for OS.
Insulinoma-Associated-1: From Neuroendocrine Tumor Marker to Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Chen Chiachen , Notkins Abner L. , Lan Michael S. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Insulinoma-associated-1 (IA-1 or INSM1) encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor, which was isolated from a human insulinoma subtraction library, with specific expression patterns, predominantly in developing neuroendocrine tissues and tumors. INSM1 is key in early pancreatic endocrine, sympatho-adrenal lineage, and pan-neurogenic precursor development. Insm1 gene ablation results in impairment of pancreatic β cells, catecholamine biosynthesis, and basal progenitor development during mammalian neocortex maturation. Recently, INSM1 has emerged as a superior, sensitive, and specific biomarker for neuroendocrine tumors. INSM1 regulates downstream target genes and exhibits extranuclear activities associated with multiple signaling pathways, including Sonic Hedgehog, PI3K/AKT, MEK/ERK1/2, ADK, p53, Wnt, histone acetylation, LSD1, cyclin D1, Ascl1, and N-myc. Novel strategies targeting INSM1-associated signaling pathways facilitate the suppression of neuroendocrine tumor growth. In addition, INSM1 promoter–driven reporter assay and/or suicide gene therapy are promising effective therapeutic approaches for targeted specific neuroendocrine tumor therapy. In this review, the current knowledge of the biological role of INSM1 as a neuroendocrine tumor biomarker is summarized, and novel strategies targeting multiple signaling pathways in the context of INSM1 expression in neuroendocrine tumors are further explored.

Implications:
Neuroendocrine transcription factor (INSM1) may serve as a neuroendocrine biomarker for the development of novel cancer therapeutics against neuroendocrine tumors.
A Retrospective Cohort Study on Patients with Lentigo Maligna Melanoma
Authors: Fröhlich Selina M. , Cazzaniga Simone , Kaufmann Lilian S. , Hunger Robert E. , Seyed Jafari S. Morteza 
Published: May 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> More epidemiological data about lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) are required to define follow-up guidelines. The study focused on recurrence, progression, and overall survival of LMM managed with primary wide local excision. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In a 23-year retrospective study (1994 to 2016), a cohort of patients with LMM was evaluated by collecting data about the tumor location, the Breslow depth, the presence of ulceration, and patients’ age and sex. Local recurrences, locoregional and distant metastases, and disease-free and overall survival were additionally assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, 150 cases (84 male, 66 female, mean age 71.3 ± 11.3 years) of single, localized, primary LMM with a mean follow-up of 6.6 ± 4.4 years were included. A total of 33 (22.2%) patients underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) during surgical excision. However, positive SLNB was detected in none of them. The multivariable Cox analysis indicated that age of diagnosis and male gender significantly influenced the overall survival, while a shorter disease-free survival could be correlated with a greater Breslow thickness. The metastatic potential turned out to be low, entailing 7 deaths in the context of the LMM. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Male gender, age over 70 at diagnosis, and a Breslow thickness greater than 0.75 mm were associated with a statistically significant decrease in overall disease-free survival in the current study. The results of the study confirm the favorable outcome of LMM. However, diagnosed patients should undertake regular follow-ups. The intensity of follow-up in these patients can be individualized based on the probability of recurrence/metastasis and overall survival. Furthermore, the study showed that SLNB might not be a necessary staging procedure in patients with LMM.
Fact or Fiction: Children’s Acquired Knowledge of Islam through Mothers’ Testimony
Authors: Summers Nicole Marie , Saffaf Falak 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOne way in which information about the unknown is socialized to children is through adult testimony. Sharing false testimony about others with children may foster inaccurate perceptions and may result in prejudicially based divisions amongst children. As part of a larger study, mothers were instructed to read and discuss an illustrated story about Arab-Muslim refugees from Syria with their 6- to 8-year-olds (n = 31). Parent-child discourse during two pages of this book was examined for how mothers used Islam as a talking point. Results indicated that only 50% of mothers and 13% of children shared accurate testimony about Islam. However, while 35% of children admitted uncertainty in their knowledge, only 3% of mothers admitted uncertainty. These results highlight the importance of parents sharing the confidence in their knowledge. If parents teach inaccurate information about other religions, it may create a greater divide between children of different religious backgrounds.
Turning Water into Wine
Authors: Orozco-Giraldo Consuelo , Harris Paul L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractYoung children judge that violations of ordinary, causal constraints are impossible. Yet children’s religious beliefs typically include the assumption that such violations can occur via divine agency in the form of miracles. We conducted two studies to examine this potential conflict. In Study 1, we invited 5- and 6-year-old Colombian children attending either a secular or a religious school to judge what is and is not possible. Children made their judgments either following a minimal prompt or following a reminder of God’s extraordinary powers. Irrespective of their education, and whether or not they had been reminded of God’s extraordinary powers, children systematically judged violations of ordinary, causal constraints to be impossible. In Study 2, we asked if more extensive reminders of God’s special powers would prompt religious children to say that the impossible can happen. Five- and 6-year-old Colombian children attending either a secular or a religious school were presented with narratives in which the protagonist desired an ordinarily impossible outcome. In half the stories, the protagonist prayed to God for the desired outcome. Irrespective of education and of whether the protagonist prayed, children systematically concluded that the desired outcome would not occur and justified that conclusion by reference to ordinary causal constraints. Nevertheless, in a minority of their replies children did assert that violations of ordinary causality are possible. Overall, irrespective of their religious education, young children judge that events rarely deviate from their natural course; only occasionally do they acknowledge exceptions.
Invisible Bodies
Authors: Li Lan A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis essay explores the ways in which Lu Gwei-djen (1904–91) served as a gatekeeper for interpreting medicine in China in the second half of the twentieth century. After retiring from science in 1956, Lu set out to write one of the first comprehensive English-language histories of medicine in China. Through a close study of Lu’s work notes and marginalia from later in her life, this essay examines how she carefully articulated the material characteristics of a “Chinese” medicine that gave rise to jingluo, or therapeutic paths often known as “meridians.” I argue that at the heart of this uneasy comparison was the difficult process of translating across multiple expressions of physiology. By placing Lu Gwei-djen at the center of a feminist intellectual history of medicine, this essay further shows how Lu’s translations were influenced by the social hierarchies in which she was embedded, including cultural, gender, and temporal dualities.
Sociology of a Regional Medicine
Authors: Abraham Leena 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe trajectories of the twentieth-century modernization of Ayurveda varied in different parts of India. This article, which is based on interviews with Ayurvedic practitioners from several social backgrounds and training modalities, analyzes the social dimensions of Ayurveda’s transformation in twentieth-century Kerala, South India. It argues that in the twentieth century Ayurvedic practitioners from two caste groups, Ezhavas and Brahmans, who belonged to established medical lineages were active in the institutionalization of a distinctive therapeutic tradition in the region that is now known as Kerala. Both groups devised new pedagogic, clinical, and manufacturing strategies to protect their family- and caste-based medical lineages and made good use of the new avenues offered by the modern state, modernized Ayurvedic education, and the market to reproduce, adapt, and consolidate their position in Ayurveda in the region. The concept of “inheritance capital” is used to explore the consolidation and reproduction of regional medical lineages and the associated social advantages over successive generations.
Avicenna against Mathematical Platonism
Authors: Zarepour Mohammad Saleh 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper I investigate Avicenna’s criticisms of the separateness of mathematical objects and of the view that they are principles for natural things. These two theses form the core of Plato’s view of mathematics; i.e., mathematical Platonism. Surprisingly, Avicenna does not consider his arguments against these theses as attacks on Plato. This is because his understanding of Plato’s philosophy of mathematics differs from both Plato’s original view and what Aristotle attributes to Plato.
The International Legal Framework for Belt and Road Energy Cooperation: Progress and Prospect
Authors: Shan Wenhua , Wang Peng 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article surveys the existing international legal framework governing China’s energy cooperation with the Belt and Road countries at multilateral, regional and bilateral levels. A satisfying international legal framework should manage to balance the legal certainty and political acceptability needed for energy cooperation. We argue that political acceptability was the primary goal driving the current energy legal framework, providing basic rules for energy cooperation. However, these rules did not sufficiently legalize and institutionalize the investment environment. China should endeavor to promote a comprehensive Belt and Road Energy Framework on the basis of intra-network diversification. By increasing the redundancy of the energy network infrastructure and allowing countries to import and export energy via multiple routes, China can contribute to the achievement of a more secure energy market.
North Asian Hydrocarbon Markets Regionalised
Authors: Belyi Andrei V. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article analyses the three main hydrocarbon markets in North Asia (oil, pipeline gas and liquified natural gas) and outlines their historical development and future potential with regard to China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It concludes that that the oil market may evolve towards a proper regional market even without strong support from the BRI. By contrast, the regional gas pipeline development remains embryonic, while China might be willing to intensify the development of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as opposed to pipeline gas. The long-term market trend indicates that capital-intensive infrastructure projects are not always necessary during an energy glut. Instead of pipeline investment, the BRI should focus on the emergence of a decentralised market for the supply of LNG.
Description of the larva of Simulium lobatoi Luna Dias, Hernandez, Maia-Herzog &amp; Shelley (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Brazil
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ LUIS MIGUEL , HAMADA NEUSA , Pepinelli Mateus , KIKUCHI REGINA MAYUMI 
Published: May 2019

Simulium lobatoi was described by Luna Dias et al. (2004) based on six biting females and 30 females and seven males, all reared, collected in the states of Mato Grosso and Goiás, Brazil. The larva was not described, and the authors stated that the adults and pupa of S. lobatoi were morphologically related to species within Hemicnetha Enderlein and Trichodagmia Enderlein. However, they refrained from assigning this species to any known subgenus of Neotropical Simuliidae.
Existence, Distribution, and Characteristics of STD Clinics in the United States, 2017
Authors: Meyerson Beth E. , Davis Alissa , Reno Hilary , Haderxhanaj Laura T. , Sayegh M. Aaron , Simmons Megan K. , Multani Gurprit , Naeyaert Lindsey , Meador Audra , Stoner Bradley P. 
Published: May 2019

Objectives: Studies of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics have been limited by the lack of a national list for representative sampling. We sought to establish the number, type, and distribution of STD clinics and describe selected community characteristics associated with them. Methods: We conducted a 2-phased, multilevel, online search from September 2014 through March 2015 and from May through October 2017 to identify STD clinics in all 50 US states and the District of Columbia. We obtained data on clinic name, address, contact information, and 340B funding status (which requires manufacturers to provide outpatient drugs at reduced prices). We classified clinics by type. We also obtained secondary county-level data to compare rates of chlamydia and HIV, teen births, uninsurance and unemployment, and high school graduation; ratios of primary care physician to population; health care costs; median household income; and percentage of population living in rural areas vs nonrural areas. We used t tests to examine mean differences in characteristics between counties with and without STD clinics. Results: We found 4079 STD clinics and classified them into 10 types; 2530 (62.0%) clinics were affiliated with a local health department. Of 3129 counties, 1098 (35.1%) did not have an STD clinic. Twelve states had an STD clinic in every county, and 34 states had ≥1 clinic per 100 000 population. Most STD clinics were located in areas of high chlamydia morbidity and where other surrogate needs were greatest; rural areas were underserved by STD clinics. Conclusions: This list may aid in more comprehensive national studies of clinic services, STD clinic adaptation to external policy changes (eg, in public financing or patient access policy), and long-term clinic survival, with special attention to clinic coverage in rural areas.