bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution, principles and recent trends in reconfigurable manufacturing system
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Kumar Goyal Kapil , Batra N.K. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In today’s era, the companies need to respond rapidly to the new product introduction, mix and demand changes to stay competitive. It has been very well accepted that traditional manufacturing systems are not suitable to offer an edge in such a competitive market. Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) appear to be a most promising mechanism for enabling the manufacturing sector to be more competitive and sustain itself in the tough global scenario. This manuscript attempts to survey the characteristics of RMS and evolution of research to improve the practical applicability of RMS. Further the recent trends of reconfigurable manufacturing system in the present context have also been discussed along with the future research directions.
A Comparative Investigation on D.I. Diesel by Using Different Blends of Diesel-Biodiesel-Additives: Performance and Emission Based Trade-off Analysis
Authors: Kumar panda Jibitesh , Sastry G.R.K. , Naresh Rai Ram 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Looking at the energy situations and global warming concerns, research on non-conventional and alternative fuel resources has ignited targeted to reduce emission and persistent dependence on conventional fuels for sectors like transportation, power generation and agriculture. The primary objective of this research is to design an alternative fuel having additive 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate of high cetane number and additive triacetin of low cetane number blended with palm kernel to analyse exhaust emission characteristics and engine performance. For the purpose, biodiesel made from palm kernel was added to pure diesel along with 20% (by volume) of two different additives (2-Ethylhexyl nitrate, triacetin). As compared with pure diesel, some of our fuel blends show better performance and have low emission which is much needed in the present scenario.
Genetic polymorphisms of the OLR1 and DGAT1 genes associated with milk components in Holstein Friesian dairy cattle under an intensive management in Central Java
Authors: Anggraeni Anneke 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor 1 (OLR1) gene serves to encode the binding vascular surface receptors and to degrade the oxidized low-density lipoprotein. In dairy cattle a nucleotide mutation at 3′UTR location of the OLR1 gene results in C allele of which related to higher milk fat content than A allele. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene has a K232A mutation of which K allele also associated with higher milk fat content against A allele. This study was aimed to study the association of variant genotypes of the OLR1 and DGAT1 genes on milk fat and other milk components in Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cattle. The target of this research was to obtain genotypes of the OLR1 and DGAT1 gene affecting highly to milk fat content and other milk components in domestic HF cattle. Animals observed were Holstein Friesian (HF) lactating cows for 53 heads kept intensively at one government dairy station at BBPTU Baturraden, Central Java. Base mutations at 3′UTR location of the OLR1 gene and at K232A mutation of the DGAT1 gene were identified by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism) techniques. Allele frequency of the base mutation of each gene was analyzed by PopGen 32 program. Milk components of fat, protein, solid non-fat (SNF) and lactose were generated from daily milk test for morning, afternoon and average of both. Study of the association of variant genotypes of the OLR1 and DGAT1 genes on individual milk component was analyzed by GLM considering the fixed effects of lactation period (1-3, 4-6), calving season (1-4 mo., and 5-8 mo.) and calving year (2011, 2012). Duncan Multiple Range Test was used to test significant differences of the averages among subclasses. The OLR1 gene resulted in A allele and C allele of whose the frequencies were respectively 0.457 and 0.543, while the DGAT1 gene resulted in A allele and K allele with the frequencies respectively 0.426 and 0.575. Variant genotypes of the OLR1 gene gave a significant different on milk fat production (P<0.05). Genetic polymorphism of the OLR1 gene had a significant effect on milk fat content in the noon, the highest was for CC genotype, followed by AC, and the lowest was AA, with the fat contents of CC and AC genotypes higher to AA one by 4.87% and 1.38% respectively. However variant genotypes of the OLR1 gene had no significant effect on other milk components (P>0.05). Similarly, variant genotypes of the DGAT1 gene consisting of genotype AK and genotype KK did not significantly affect on all of milk components. It was concluded that there was a fairly good control of the OLR1 gene to fat content in HF cows. The base mutation at the 3′UTR location of the OLR1 gene can be considered as an initial information in developing a genetic assisted selection (GAS) technique for milk fat content in domestic HF cows.
Effect of FSH dosage on the number and quality of Pesisir cattle embryos
Authors: Syaiful F L , Afriani T , Purwati E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of FSH supplementation on the resulting number and quality of super-ovulated Pesisir cattle embryos. This study aims investigates the effect of FSH supplementation on the resulting number and quality of super-ovulated Pesisir cattle embryos. After progesterone therapy fifteen Pesisir cattle were each given five injections of FSH followed by AI with Simmental semen. Embryos were flushed out on the sixth to eighth day after AI and counted and graded under a microscope. Cows given 16 ml and 12 ml of FSH produced the highest percentage of A quality embryos (22% and 20% respectively) while no high-quality embryos were collected from those given 14 ml FSH. 12 ml FSH treatment resulted in the highest number of B quality embryos (20%) while a14 ml dose produced less than 7%. One-third of the embryos resulting from 14 ml FSH were C grade but 12 and 16 ml dosages resulted in no embryos of this grade. The highest numbers of degraded embryos were found from cows given 12 ml (60%), while the lowest from cows given 14 ml (33.33%). The percentage of the recovered ovum that remained unfertilized from cows treated with 16 ml, 14 ml, and 12 ml were 33.3%, 66.7%, and 0% respectively. While 14ml dosages of FSH resulted in the highest number of embryos, the higher embryo from a 16 ml FSH suggests that this dosage will produce superior results.
Comparison of in vitro digestibility and rumen fluid characteristics between the tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) with elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum)
Authors: Jamarun Novirman , Pazla Roni , Zain Mardiati , Arief  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) and elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) on in vitro digestibility and rumen fluid characteristics. This research was carried out using a randomized block design with 3 treatments (the level of tithonia and elephant grass) and 5 replications. The following treatments were performed: T1 = 100% tithonia; T2 = 100% elephant grass; T3 = 50% tithonia + 50 % elephant grass. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA), and differences between the treatment means were tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The parameters measured were as follows: dry matter digestibility (DMD) (%), organic matter digestibility (OMD) (%), pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA) (mM) and NH3. The results revealed that DMD, OMD and VFA were significantly (P<0.01) increased by the 100 % tithonia (T1), pH were lowest (P<0.01) in T1. However, T1 and T3 non-significantly affected (P>0.05) NH3 Concentration. 100% tithonia resulted in the best in vitro digestibility and rumen fluid characteristics.
The effect of cocoa pod fermentation with mol of rumen content on fiber fraction component and in vitro digestibility
Authors: Nurhaita  , Definiati Neli , Ali Akbar Syahro , Santoso Urip 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the fiber fraction component and in-vitro digestibility of cocoa pod husk fermented by local microorganisms (MOL), namely the rumen contents. The research used completely randomized design with 5 treatments of 4 replications each. The dose of MOL to ferment pod cocoa was as follows A: 0 ml/kg of substrate, B: 3 ml/kg of substrate C: 6 ml/kg substrate, D: 9 ml/kg of substrate, and E: 12 ml/kg of substrate. The parameters measured were the fiber fraction component of fermented cocoa pod and in vitro digestibilities of dry matters and NDF. The results showed that the dose of MOL significantly (P<0.05) affected The NDF, ADF and hemicellulose contents, but it had no effect on cellulose and lignin contents (P>0.05). In vitro dry matters and NDF digestibilities were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the treatments. In conclusion, fermentation by MOL at a dosage of 12 ml/kg substrate reduced fiber fraction component and increased in–vitro digestibilities of dry matter and NDF.
Effect of addition garlic flour as feed additive in digesta viscosity, microflora, and intestinal characteristic of native chicken crossbred
Authors: Sjofjan O , Irfan H D , Halim M H , Hanitawati  , Teguh H 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The research purpose was to determine the garlic flour effect as the feed additive on digesta viscosity, microflora, and intestinal characteristic of broiler. The research method was used completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replicates. The materials used for this research were 300 unsex day old chicks with native chicken crossbreed strain with average body weight 40.11±9.13 g/head. The treatments used for research were dietary with T0 (basal feed), T1 (basal feed + 0.25% garlic flour), T2 (basal feed + 0.30% garlic flour), T3 (basal feed + 0.35% garlic flour), T4 (basal feed + 0.40% garlic flour). The parameters observed were digesta viscosity, intestinal characteristic bacteria (lactic acid bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella sp.), and (villus length, crypt depth, and villus surface). The data analysis was the analysis of variance (Anova) and continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that using the garlic flour effect as feed additive has significant difference (P<0.05) on viscosity digesta, intestinal characteristic (crypt depth and villus surface) (Salmonella sp.) and significantly different (P<0.01) (Lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli). The addition of 0.45% garlic flour gave the best effect on digesta viscosity, microflora, and intestinal characteristic of native chicken.
Influence of addition of chicken manure and tithonia on quality of liquid fertilliser made from organic waste
Authors: Zulkarnaini  , Syafrizal  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Indonesian’s waste production continues to grow as the population increases. Organic waste such as leaves and food waste generally decomposes and can be composted simply with the use of barrels and buckets. Effective Microorganism 4 bioactivator can accelerate this process. This research was conducted to discover if addition of Tithonia diversifolia and chicken manure could increase the nutrients from liquid fertilizer and solid compost. Complete randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications was used as follows: A = 100% organic waste (control), B = 60% waste + 28% tithonia + 12% manure, C = 60% waste + 32% tithonia + 8% manure and D = 60% waste + 36% tithonia + 4% manure. The results showed that the addition of manure and tithonia increased N, P and K in liquid fertilizer. The highest increase in N and P occurred with treatment D, and K with treatment C.
The effect of whippy cream adding on the quality of frozen soyghurt as symbiotic ice cream
Authors: Aritonang Salam N , Roza Elly , Rossi Evy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The presence of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in food is very important, as most of these LAB have beneficial effects in human body, so most LAB are generally potential as probiotics. This study aims to determine the quality of frozen soyghurt/synbiotic ice cream with the addition of whipping cream. Synbiotics is an ingredient and foods that contain both probiotics and prebiotics that beneficially affects the host by improving the survival and implantation of live microbial dietary supplement in the gastro intestinal tract. Prebiotics is a non-digestible food ingredient such as oligosaccharides substrates that match the enzymatic glycosidies hydrolase capacity of health promotion bacteria, that elicits the selective stimulation of growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of microbial genus/species in the gut microbiota that convers health benefits to the host. Soyghurt is one of the ingredients that includes synbiotics. This study began by making a synbiotic drink/soyghurt by inoculating Streptococcus thermophillus and probiotics isolated from okara is Lactobacillus plantarum SRCM 1 004 34 strain into a mixture of cow’s milk and soy milk containing prebiotic, and then freezing it so that it is expected to produce a healthy Synbiotic Ice cream. This research was conducted experimentally using Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment is the addition of whipping cream with Soyghurt with the ratio: A = Whipping cream:Soyghurt (10:90), B = Whippy cream:Soyghurt (20:80) C = Whippy cream:Soyghurt (30:70) and D = Whippy cream:Soyghurt (40:60). The variable was observed the quality of frozen soyghurt that consisted of protein and fat content, pH, Lactic Acid Bacteria count, overrun, melting point and sensoryc evaluation. The result of the research indicated that the adding of whipping cream in frozen soyghurt making was significantly increased fat content, pH, overrun, melting point, texture and decreased protein content, Lactic Acid Bacteria count and flavour of frozen soyghurt. The conclusion is the addition of whipping cream up to 40% (D) has produce frozen soyghurt with good quality yet.
The sustainability index of dairy cattle area in Padang Panjang City
Authors: Hellyward James , Suyitman  , Rachmat Arif 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the sustainability status of dairy cattle based livestock areas in Padang Panjang City West Sumatera from the five dimensions of sustainability (ecology, economics, socio-cultural, technological-infrastructure, and legal-institutional) and identifies key influential factors in the future development of the system. This research uses Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) method of analysis which results are expressed in the form of sustainability index. The result of the index of sustainability using approach Rapid Appraisal of Dairy Cattle Breeding System yielded the value of 55.09. Based on these values, the sustainability index of dairy cattle breeding system in Padang Panjang City is categorized as “quite sustainable”. An increase in the value of the sustainability index can be done by improving the 15 sensitive attributes of 45 attributes of the system’s sustainability assessment. Analysis of dependency between factors using prospective analysis resulted in 7 (seven) key factors influencing the development of dairy farming system. The key factors are: (1) milk price, (2) feeding capacity, (3) feed industry, (4) utilization of livestock waste, (5) job socialization, (6) development of cooperative, and (7) microfinance (bank/credit). In order to improve the sustainability status for the future (long term), the scenario that needs to be done is a progressive-optimistic scenario by making a thorough improvement on all the sensitive attributes in enhancing the status of the region.
The Best Preload of Bolted Joint Plate for Anti-resonance
Authors: Wu Songjian , Liu Wenguang , Wang Xiaoting 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Based on the problem of modal frequencies variation of bolted joint plate caused by the variation of bolt preloads, the purpose of this article is to propose a method of finding the best preload of bolted joint plate. Firstly, a modal analysis experimental system of bolted joint plates was set up. Subsequently, the modal frequency test of some bolted joint plates are completed. A method for designing the best preload of bolted joint plate was proposed in the end. Results indicate that the bolt preload has certain influence on modal frequency of bolted joint plate. The process of applying a preload to the bolt is regarded as the tightening of a bolt from loosen state to tighten state. As two loosen bolts are simultaneously tightened into tighten bolts, the modal frequencies is increased with a big magnitude. However, as one of loosen bolt is tightened to tighten bolt, but the other is unchanged, the modal frequencies is increased with a small magnitude. The sensitivity of first four modal frequencies of the jointed plate are different to the bolt preload. Therefore, working environment and working force of jointed plate must be considered in the dynamic design. Based on the experimental result, a best bolt preload design method of bolted joint plate in the dynamic design can be proposed.
Design and Developed of High Performance Rotary Head Module for Core Drill Rig
Authors: Sajjad Muhammad , Jung Dong Won 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Fossil fuel, especially oil, represents the engine of nowadays life. Oil companies work hard in order to extract it from subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs. The operations at which oil is being extracted from these reservoirs are referred to as drilling operations. Drilling operations are per-formed with the means of drilling rigs. However, due to the high demand for oil, drilling for oil becomes more challenging and oil companies are always looking for the most effective extraction methods and are they moving toward the precious control of the drilling operation for different type of requirement and conditions. This paper aimed for the manufacturing of High-performance Rotary Head module of Core Drill equipment which is used for geological purposes. The fallow target criteria will be going to achieve which includes the rotation speed, rotation torque, gripping force, and speed change at different stages. In our study we find out that the rotational speed of head is greater than 1200 rpm and maximum torque generated is greater than 160 kgf.m also the drill rod breaking power is equal or higher than 6 ton. After the complete study it is certain that the rotary head module will be used for future use.
Effect of working environment on C/C composite finger seal performance
Authors: Wang L N , Sun L C , Meng D H , Sun W , Qi L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
With the development of the technology, the working conditions, which include high temperature, assembly and working state, have important influence on the dynamic performance of finger seal. Therefore, it is necessary to consider above factors together when the finger seal performance is carried out. But so far, the finger seal performance under considering several factors together have not been investigated. Based on this, the material parameters, which are needed in the dynamic performance analysis process of C/C composite finger seal, are obtained by the tribology test of C/C composite. Then the equivalent dynamic model of finger seal based on distributed masses is established under considering the rotor incline, temperature, assembly and impact together. And the dynamic performance of finger seal is analyzed by the model. The results are shown that the above working states have complex influence on the finger seal performance. Meanwhile, the leakage performance of finger seal is compared with those of labyrinth seal in the bearing chamber working environment, and the advantage of finger seal is represented. The dynamic performance analysis of finger seal under considering complex working states is carried out, and the theory research system of finger seal is further improved.
Natural frequencies of a Timoshenko beam subjected to axial forces by the differential transform method
Authors: Bensabri Omar , Yu Jingjun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Rotating beams are extensively used in different mechanical and aeronautical installations. In this paper, a systematic approach is presented in order to solve the eigenvalues problem through the Timoshenko beam theory. The equations of motion are deduced by using the Hamiltonian approach. These equations are then solved by the differential transform method (DTM). The obtained numerical results using DTM are compared with the exact solution. Natural frequencies are determined, and the effects of the rotational speed and axial force on the natural frequencies are investigated. Results show high accuracy and efficiency of the differential transform method.
Bond characteristics of Al/Mg clad materials produced by vacuum roll bonding
Authors: Shu J F , Yamaguchi T K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The A1050/AZ31 clad materials were produced by vacuum roll bonding. The effects of rolling temperature and reduction rate on the interface of A1050/AZ31 clad materials were investigated, and the fracture behaviors of A1050/AZ31 interface were studied. A very thin intermetallic compound layer was formed at the A1050/AZ31 interface at rolling temperature of 350°C and reduction rate of 25%. Therefore the A1050/AZ31 interface mainly was ductile fracture, and the average tensile strength of A1050/AZ31 interface reached the maximum (43MPa). When the rolling temperature was 450°C and the reduction rate was 25%, the fracture occurred on the brittle intermetallic compound Al3Mg2 layer (thickness 7.68μm) and Al12Mg17 layer (thickness 1.95μm), mainly on Al3Mg2 layer, and the average tensile strength of A1050/AZ31 interface reached the minimum (0.61MPa).
Synthesis of N-doped TiO2 Nanoparticle by Solvothermal Method for Dye Treatment
Authors: Samangsri S , Chiarakorn S , Areerob T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (NT) was synthesized by solvothermal method. Titanium (IV) butoxide (TBOT) was used as a titanium source and diethyleneamine (DEA) was used as a nitrogen source. The DEA concentration was fixed at 5% mol. The effect of the synthesized temperatures was studied (150 °C to 200 °C). The characterization results showed that the XRD patterns of NT synthesized by solvothermal method exhibited only anatase structure of TiO2 at 25.56° (101), 37.76° (004), 48.04° (200), 48.18° (105), 54.06° (211), 55.24° (204), 62.76° (116), 69.04° (220), 70.32° (215) and 75.30° (303). The crystallite sizes of NT (13-14 nm) were smaller than that of TiO2 (22.39 nm) while the surface area of NT (31-47 m2g−1) was larger than that of TiO2 (6.42 m2g−1). This indicated that doping N on TiO2 had a significant effect on crystallite size and surface area of TiO2. The photocatalytic activities of NT were evaluated by decolorization of 10−5 M methylene blue (MB) under LED visible light irradiation. The result showed that the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 was significantly improved by N dopant with the efficiency of 90%. However, the synthesized temperatures had no significant effect on the physical properties and the photocatalytic reactivity of NT.