bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Oval Advancement Flap Design for Reconstruction of Pilonidal Sinus Defect
Authors: Arpaci Enver , Altun Serdar , Orhan Erkan , Eyuboglu Atilla , Ertas Nilgun Markal 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundsPilonidal sinus is a common chronic disease of the sacrococcygeal region. Although many surgical methods have been described for treating pilonidal sinus disease, controversy still exists as to the best surgical technique. The aim of this study is to present a new modified advancement flap technique named “omega flap” for the treatment of pilonidal sinus disease.Materials and methodsThis study included 18 patients with pilonidal sinus who were treated between March 2012 and August 2014. All cases underwent oval excision and omega advancement flap reconstruction. Defect size, postoperative complications, postoperative pain, painless sitting time, patient satisfaction and recurrence were evaluated retrospectively.ResultsAll patients were discharged on the first postoperative day. There was no flap necrosis. No recurrence and no major complication were observed during follow‐up period. The outcomes were also satisfactory regarding functionally and aesthetically, and the patients were satisfied with the results.ConclusionsPresented method has a different geometry than classical advancement flap methods. Our technique provides two‐layered repair with minimal tension and off‐midline closure for the reconstruction of pilonidal sinus defect. It is easily performed, reliable, associated with no recurrens and good aesthetic results.
The evolutionary impacts of conservation actions
Authors: Shefferson Richard P. , Mason Chase M. , Kellett Kimberly M. , Goolsby Eric W. , Coughlin Erin , Flynn R. Wes 
Published: April 2018

AbstractConservation management for environmental sustainability is now ubiquitous. The ecological effects of these actions are well‐intentioned and well‐known. Although conservation biologists and managers increasingly incorporate evolutionary considerations into management plans, the evolutionary consequences of management strategies have remained relatively unexplored and unconsidered. But what are the evolutionary consequences? Here, we advocate a new research agenda focused on identifying, predicting, and countering the evolutionary consequences of conservation management. We showcase the examples of park creation and invasive species management, and speculate further on five other major methods of management. Park creation may cause selection for altered dispersal and behavior that utilizes human foods and structures. Management of invasive species may favor the evolution of resistance to or tolerance of control methods. In these and other cases, evolution may cause deviations from the predicted consequences of management strategies optimized without considering evolution, particularly when management results in or coincides with major environmental change, if population size change strongly, or if life histories are short enough to allow more rapid evolution. We call for research focused on: (1) experimental predictions and tests of evolution under particular management strategies, (2) widespread monitoring of managed populations and communities, and (3) meta‐analysis and theoretical study aimed at simplifying the process of evolutionary prediction, particularly at systematizing a means of identifying traits likely to evolve due to likely existing genetic variance or high mutation rates. Ultimately, conservation biologists should incorporate evolutionary prediction into management planning to prevent the evolutionary domestication of the species that they are trying to protect.
Adherence to Emergency Public Health Measures for Bioevents: Review of US Studies
Authors: Gershon Robyn R. , Zhi Qi , Chin Alexander F. , Nwankwo Ezinne M. , Gargano Lisa M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe frequency of bioevents is increasing worldwide. In the United States, as elsewhere, control of contagion may require the cooperation of community members with emergency public health measures. The US general public is largely unfamiliar with these measures, and our understanding of factors that influence behaviors in this context is limited. The few previous reviews of research on this topic focused on non-US samples. For this review, we examined published research on the psychosocial influences of adherence in US sample populations. Of 153 articles identified, only 9 met the inclusion criteria. Adherence behaviors were categorized into 2 groups: self-protective behaviors (personal hygiene, social distancing, face mask use, seeking out health care advice, and vaccination) and protecting others (isolation, temperature screening, and quarantine). A lack of uniformity across studies regarding definitions and measures was noted. Only 5 of the 9 articles reported tests of association between adherence with emergency measures and psychosocial factors; perceived risk and perceived seriousness were found to be significantly associated with adherence or adherence intentions. Although it is well documented that psychosocial factors are important predictors of protective health behaviors in general, this has not been rigorously studied in the context of bioevents. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:528–535)
Predictors of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program Recommendation Disagreement
Authors: Bio Laura L. , Kruger Jenna F. , Lee Betty P. , Wood Matthew S. , Schwenk Hayden T. 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVETo identify predictors of disagreement with antimicrobial stewardship prospective audit and feedback recommendations (PAFR) at a free-standing children’s hospital.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study of audits performed during the antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) from March 30, 2015, to April 17, 2017.METHODSThe ASP included audits of antimicrobial use and communicated PAFR to the care team, with follow-up on adherence to recommendations. The primary outcome was disagreement with PAFR. Potential predictors for disagreement, including patient-level, antimicrobial, programmatic, and provider-level factors, were assessed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models.RESULTSIn total, 4,727 antimicrobial audits were performed during the study period; 1,323 PAFR (28%) and 187 recommendations (15%) were not followed due to disagreement. Providers were more likely to disagree with PAFR when the patient had a gastrointestinal infection (odds ratio [OR], 5.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.99–15.21), febrile neutropenia (OR, 6.14; 95% CI, 2.08–18.12), skin or soft-tissue infections (OR, 6.16; 95% CI, 1.92–19.77), or had been admitted for 31–90 days at the time of the audit (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.36–3.18). The longer the duration since the attending provider had been trained (ie, the more years of experience), the more likely they were to disagree with PAFR recommendations (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.04).CONCLUSIONSEvaluation of our program confirmed patient-level predictors of PAFR disagreement and identified additional programmatic and provider-level factors, including years of attending experience. Stewardship interventions focused on specific diagnoses and antimicrobials are unlikely to result in programmatic success unless these factors are also addressed.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2018;806–813
Reconnection in the Martian Magnetotail: Hall‐MHD With Embedded Particle‐in‐Cell Simulations
Authors: Ma Yingjuan , Russell Christopher T. , Toth Gabor , Chen Yuxi , Nagy Andrew F. , Harada Yuki , McFadden James , Halekas Jasper S. , Lillis Rob , Connerney John E. P. , Espley Jared , DiBraccio Gina A. , Markidis Stefano , Peng Ivy Bo , Fang Xiaohua , Jakosky Bruce M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission observations show clear evidence of the occurrence of the magnetic reconnection process in the Martian plasma tail. In this study, we use sophisticated numerical models to help us understand the effects of magnetic reconnection in the plasma tail. The numerical models used in this study are (a) a multispecies global Hall‐magnetohydrodynamic (HMHD) model and (b) a global HMHD model two‐way coupled to an embedded fully kinetic particle‐in‐cell code. Comparison with MAVEN observations clearly shows that the general interaction pattern is well reproduced by the global HMHD model. The coupled model takes advantage of both the efficiency of the MHD model and the ability to incorporate kinetic processes of the particle‐in‐cell model, making it feasible to conduct kinetic simulations for Mars under realistic solar wind conditions for the first time. Results from the coupled model show that the Martian magnetotail is highly dynamic due to magnetic reconnection, and the resulting Mars‐ward plasma flow velocities are significantly higher for the lighter ion fluid, which are quantitatively consistent with MAVEN observations. The HMHD with Embedded Particle‐in‐Cell model predicts that the ion loss rates are more variable but with similar mean values as compared with HMHD model results.
Sudden Sodium Layers: Their Appearance and Disappearance
Authors: Qiu Shican , Soon Willie , Xue Xianghui , Li Tao , Wang Wanyin , Jia Mingjiao , Ban Chao , Fang Xin , Tang Yihuan , Dou Xiankang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTemperature variation has been proposed to play an important role in the formation of the sporadic sodium layers (SSLs or NaS) in subtropic area, based on the observed significant correlation between SSLs and high temperatures. The icy‐dust particle, which could form in the extremely cold conditions and act as absorbers of sodium species, was proposed to be a possible candidate for the sodium reservoir of the SSLs. In this study, the University of Science and Technology of China temperature/wind lidar and the sodium fluorescence lidar at a subtropic station Hefei (31°N, 117°E), China, were used to observe sodium density, temperature, and wind profiles simultaneously throughout the SSL events. Based on the observations of two SSLs occurring on 12 and 13 May 2013, the possibility of an icy‐dust layer existing and acting as the sodium reservoir is tested for the first time in details. Both events experienced an extremely cold temperature (<150 K) several hours before the onset of SSLs, followed by a subsequently fast production of sodium atoms during a large temperature enhancement (>40 K). An empirical model including two main steps is then proposed: first, sodium species are collected by an icy‐dust reservoir and stored during the extremely cold phase; second, free sodium atoms could be released from the reservoir by a possible trigger. As a result, this kind of SSLs could possibly be regarded as a quasi‐continuous phenomenon caused and modulated by temperature variations with an icy‐dust model that can exhibit intermittent time variations related to the water vapor concentration.
The Inferred Formation of a Subice Platelet Layer Below the Multiyear Landfast Sea Ice in the Wandel Sea (NE Greenland) Induced by Meltwater Drainage
Authors: Kirillov S. , Dmitrenko I. , Rysgaard S. , Babb D. , Ehn J. , Bendtsen J. , Boone W. , Barber D. , Geilfus N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOceanographic and ice‐mass‐balance records are presented from two moorings deployed on landfast multiyear ice in the Wandel Sea (North Greenland) during June–August 2015. Here we show that the melting and drainage of >1 m of snow from June 14 to July 14 created a double‐diffusive vertical stratification which resulted in supercooling of water and enabled the formation of platelet crystals below the sea ice. Although the effect of supercooling, with temperatures up to 0.5°C below the freezing point, might be overestimated considerably in our records, this process led to the formation of ∼1.1–1.2 m‐thick subice platelet layer. While warm water temperatures lead to the complete loss of this layer at one mooring site, the layer persisted through summer and became incorporated into the congelation ice at the second site. The warm water that melted out the platelet layer can be ascribed to two different sources: (1) in situ heating from solar radiation resulting in a temperature increase up to 0.8°C in late July and (2) advection of warm surface water (with temperatures up to 3–4°C) from the ice‐free coastal regions in mid‐August. The combination of processes causing the seasonal growth of a platelet layer and either its subsequent ablation or incorporation into congelation ice is discussed with respect to the ice‐mass balance and stability of the landfast ice cover in the Wandel Sea. Furthermore, this study provides evidence for the formation of a platelet layer in the Arctic, a phenomenon that historically has only been observed in the Antarctic.
Summer Predictability Barrier of Indian Ocean Dipole Events and Corresponding Error Growth Dynamics
Authors: Liu Da , Duan Wansuo , Feng Rong , Tang Youmin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe effects of sea temperature errors in both tropical Pacific and Indian oceans on the predictability of positive Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) events are explored by using the GFDL CM2p1 coupled model. The results show that the positive IOD events tend to occur with a “winter predictability barrier” (WPB) and a “summer predictability barrier” (SPB). More is known about the WPB, while less is known about the SPB. This study focuses on the SPB. The results demonstrate that two types of initial errors are more likely to cause a significant SPB. One type is of large and negative sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the central‐eastern Pacific and a dipole mode‐structured subsurface sea temperature that has negative anomalies in the upper layers of the eastern equatorial Pacific and positive anomalies in the lower layers of the western equatorial Pacific; the other type shows a pattern almost opposite of the former type. By tracking evolutions of both types of initial errors, it is found that their Pacific Ocean (PO) component‐induced northwesterly wind in the east pole of IOD is significantly suppressed by the summer strongest climatological southeasterly and positive IOD‐induced southeasterly wind there, finally causing the considerable suppression of the loss of latent heat flux in the east pole and then favors the fastest growth of a positive SST error in this region during summer. Then a significant SPB for the IOD occurs.
Biased Wind Measurements in Estuarine Waters
Authors: Mariotti G. , Huang H. , Xue Z. , Li B. , Justic D. , Zang Z. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNear surface wind—conventionally measured 10 m above the ground, U10—is a fundamental variable for many processes acting in bays and estuaries. For practical reasons, wind in bays and estuaries is often measured at the land‐water interface, e.g., on docks, piers, and jetties. By analyzing time series of U10 from 15 stations in the Mississippi Delta, Louisiana, we show that wind measurements at the land‐water interface are biased and not representative of the wind over estuarine waters. Specifically, measurements at the land‐water interface underestimate the speed of winds blowing from land, because even short (<1 km) stretches of land with large bed roughness can significantly reduce U10. Wind measured next to large channels is biased not only in speed but also in direction, which tends to align with the channel axis. We suggest that very local (<1 km) variability in the boundary layer properties contributes to the large spatial variability of the measured estuarine wind field. Simple anisotropic corrections based on bed roughness should be applied to measurements made at the land‐water interface to estimate wind over adjacent estuarine waters. Alternatively, wind measured at offshore stations—even if located hundreds of km away—provide reliable estimates of estuarine wind. A more systematic use of wind measurements would likely increase the accuracy of estuarine numerical models and allow for more direct comparison between different estuarine systems.
Depletion of Nsd2-mediated histone H3K36 methylation impairs adipose tissue development and function
Authors: Zhuang Lenan , Jang Younghoon , Park Young-Kwon , Lee Ji-Eun , Jain Shalini , Froimchuk Eugene , Broun Aaron , Liu Chengyu , Gavrilova Oksana , Ge Kai 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe epigenetic mechanisms regulating adipose tissue development and function are poorly understood. In this study, we show that depletion of histone H3K36 methylation by H3.3K36M in preadipocytes inhibits adipogenesis by increasing H3K27me3 to prevent the induction of C/EBPα and other targets of the master adipogenic transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). Depleting H3K36 methyltransferase Nsd2, but not Nsd1 or Setd2, phenocopies the effects of H3.3K36M on adipogenesis and PPARγ target expression. Consistently, expression of H3.3K36M in progenitor cells impairs brown adipose tissue (BAT) and muscle development in mice. In contrast, depletion of histone H3K36 methylation by H3.3K36M in adipocytes in vivo does not affect adipose tissue weight, but leads to profound whitening of BAT and insulin resistance in white adipose tissue (WAT). These mice are resistant to high fat diet-induced WAT expansion and show severe lipodystrophy. Together, these results suggest a critical role of Nsd2-mediated H3K36 methylation in adipose tissue development and function.
Defining a conformational ensemble that directs activation of PPARγ
Authors: Chrisman Ian M. , Nemetchek Michelle D. , de Vera Ian Mitchelle S. , Shang Jinsai , Heidari Zahra , Long Yanan , Reyes-Caballero Hermes , Galindo-Murillo Rodrigo , Cheatham Thomas E. , Blayo Anne-Laure , Shin Youseung , Fuhrmann Jakob , Griffin Patrick R. , Kamenecka Theodore M. , Kojetin Douglas J. , Hughes Travis S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe nuclear receptor ligand-binding domain (LBD) is a highly dynamic entity. Crystal structures have defined multiple low-energy LBD structural conformations of the activation function-2 (AF-2) co-regulator-binding surface, yet it remains unclear how ligand binding influences the number and population of conformations within the AF-2 structural ensemble. Here, we present a nuclear receptor co-regulator-binding surface structural ensemble in solution, viewed through the lens of fluorine-19 (19F) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and molecular simulations, and the response of this ensemble to ligands, co-regulator peptides and heterodimerization. We correlate the composition of this ensemble with function in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) utilizing ligands of diverse efficacy in co-regulator recruitment. While the co-regulator surface of apo PPARγ and partial-agonist-bound PPARγ is characterized by multiple thermodynamically accessible conformations, the full and inverse-agonist-bound PPARγ co-regulator surface is restricted to a few conformations which favor coactivator or corepressor binding, respectively.
Air separation with graphene mediated by nanowindow-rim concerted motion
Authors: Vallejos-Burgos Fernando , Coudert François-Xavier , Kaneko Katsumi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNanoscale windows in graphene (nanowindows) have the ability to switch between open and closed states, allowing them to become selective, fast, and energy-efficient membranes for molecular separations. These special pores, or nanowindows, are not electrically neutral due to passivation of the carbon edges under ambient conditions, becoming flexible atomic frameworks with functional groups along their rims. Through computer simulations of oxygen, nitrogen, and argon permeation, here we reveal the remarkable nanowindow behavior at the atomic scale: flexible nanowindows have a thousand times higher permeability than conventional membranes and at least twice their selectivity for oxygen/nitrogen separation. Also, weakly interacting functional groups open or close the nanowindow with their thermal vibrations to selectively control permeation. This selective fast permeation of oxygen, nitrogen, and argon in very restricted nanowindows suggests alternatives for future air separation membranes.
Defect-enriched iron fluoride-oxide nanoporous thin films bifunctional catalyst for water splitting
Authors: Fan Xiujun , Liu Yuanyue , Chen Shuai , Shi Jianjian , Wang Juanjuan , Fan Ailing , Zan Wenyan , Li Sidian , Goddard William A. , Zhang Xian-Ming 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDeveloping cost-effective electrocatalysts operated in the same electrolyte for water splitting, including oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions, is important for clean energy technology and devices. Defects in electrocatalysts strongly influence their chemical properties and electronic structures, and can dramatically improve electrocatalytic performance. However, the development of defect-activated electrocatalyst with an efficient and stable water electrolysis activity in alkaline medium remains a challenge, and the understanding of catalytic origin is still limited. Here, we highlight defect-enriched bifunctional eletrocatalyst, namely, three-dimensional iron fluoride-oxide nanoporous films, fabricated by anodization/fluorination process. The heterogeneous films with high electrical conductivity possess embedded disorder phases in crystalline lattices, and contain numerous scattered defects, including interphase boundaries, stacking faults, oxygen vacancies, and dislocations on the surfaces/interface. The heterocatalysts efficiently catalyze water splitting in basic electrolyte with remarkable stability. Experimental studies and first-principle calculations suggest that the surface/edge defects contribute significantly to their high performance.
A self-destructive nanosweeper that captures and clears amyloid β-peptides
Authors: Luo Qiang , Lin Yao-Xin , Yang Pei-Pei , Wang Yi , Qi Guo-Bin , Qiao Zeng-Ying , Li Bing-Nan , Zhang Kuo , Zhang Jing-Ping , Wang Lei , Wang Hao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCerebral amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) accumulation resulting from an imbalance between Aβ production and clearance is one of the most important causes in the formation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In order to preserve the maintenance of Aβ homeostasis and have a notable AD therapy, achieving a method to clear up Aβ plaques becomes an emerging task. Herein, we describe a self-destructive nanosweeper based on multifunctional peptide-polymers that is capable of capturing and clearing Aβ for the effective treatment of AD. The nanosweeper recognize and bind Aβ via co-assembly through hydrogen bonding interactions. The Aβ-loaded nanosweeper enters cells and upregulates autophagy thus promoting the degradation of Aβ. As a result, the nanosweeper decreases the cytotoxicity of Aβ and rescues memory deficits of AD transgenic mice. We believe that this resourceful and synergistic approach has valuable potential as an AD treatment strategy.