bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary guidelines for the management of paediatric tracheostomy emergencies
Authors: Doherty C. , Neal R. , English C. , Cooke J. , Atkinson D. , Bates L. , Moore J. , Monks S. , Bowler M. , Bruce I. A. , Bateman N. , Wyatt M. , Russell J. , Perkins R. , McGrath B. A. ,   the Paediatric Working Party of the National Tracheostomy Safety Project
Published: July 2018

SummaryTemporary and permanent tracheostomies are required in children to manage actual or anticipated long‐term ventilatory support, to aid secretion management or to manage fixed upper airway obstruction. Tracheostomies may be required from the first few moments of life, with the majority performed in children < 4 years of age. Although similarities with adult tracheostomies are apparent, there are key differences when managing the routine and emergency care of children with tracheostomies. The National Tracheostomy Safety Project identified the need for structured guidelines to aid multidisciplinary clinical decision making during paediatric tracheostomy emergencies. These guidelines describe the development of a bespoke emergency management algorithm and supporting resources. Our aim is to reduce the frequency, nature and severity of paediatric tracheostomy emergencies through preparation and education of staff, parents, carers and patients.
The Urban Village, Agrarian Transformation, and Rentier Capitalism in Gurgaon, India
Authors: Cowan Thomas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGurgaon, India's “millennium city”, is today synonymous with India's embrace of global real estate capital and private sector‐led urban development. This paper asserts that Gurgaon's spectacular urbanisation has been fundamentally underpinned by an uneven process of land acquisition, exemption and agrarian transformation. Shifting away from dispossession‐centred analyses of contemporary urbanisation in India, this paper explores Gurgaon's “urban villages” to consider the uneven integration of agrarian classes into emerging urban real estate markets. Through an examination of differential experiences of land acquisition and agrarian social change among Gurgaon's landowning classes, the paper seeks to trace complex and nonlinear processes of agrarian transformation which make possible landscapes of global accumulation.
Infertility after abdominal trachelectomy
Authors: Egashira Katsuko , Hiasa Kana , Yokota Natsuko , Kawamura Teruhiko , Matsushita Tomoko , Okugawa Kaoru , Yahata Hideaki , Sonoda Kenzo , Kato Kiyoko 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionDespite numerous reports on pregnancy outcomes after trachelectomy, there are few descriptions of fertility treatment after trachelectomy. Moreover, little is known about the differences in fertility outcomes between various radical trachelectomy procedures. The purpose of this report was to clarify the infertility problems that occur in patients who have previously undergone an abdominal trachelectomy.Material and methodsWe retrospectively investigated the medical records of 37 patients who received fertility treatments or were evaluated for menstrual disorders after trachelectomies in our institution between 2012 and 2016.ResultsTwenty‐two of 37 patients had complications which affected fecundity. Six patients had cervical stenosis requiring surgical dilation, 4 had ovarian insufficiency, and 14 had Asherman’s syndrome.ConclusionsIn spite of efforts to preserve fertility, some patients have severe complications after trachelectomy, such as Asherman’s syndrome, resulting in infertility. Clinicians should pay careful attention to the status of the endometrial cavity after trachelectomy.
Psychological capital and self‐reported employee creativity: The moderating role of supervisor support and job characteristics
Authors: Cai Wenjing , Lysova Evgenia I. , Bossink Bart A. G. , Khapova Svetlana N. , Wang Weidong 
Published: July 2018

Although the positive effect of psychological capital (PsyCap) on employee performance is well documented, the conditions under which PsyCap exerts the most influence on creativity warrant further research. Complementing and extending prior studies, we theorize and examine how two critical contextual factors (supervisor support for creativity [SSC] and job characteristics) effectively activate PsyCap associated with self‐reported employee creativity. Drawing on an interactional perspective, we use trait activation theory to examine the moderating effects of SSC and job characteristics on the relationship between PsyCap and self‐reported employee creativity. Through rigorous hypotheses testing (N = 356 individuals from multiple industries in Chinese firms), our results demonstrate that both SSC and job characteristics positively moderate the PsyCap–creativity relationship. Additional analyses reveal that PsyCap is most effective at enhancing creativity when both SSC and job characteristics are high. Implications of these findings for theory, future research and practice are discussed.
Going where other methods cannot: A systematic mapping review of 25 years of qualitative research in Otolaryngology
Authors: Mather M.W. , Hamilton D. , Robalino S. , Rousseau N. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo map the use of qualitative methods within otolaryngology, providing examples and identifying gaps in the literature.DesignSystematic mapping review of journal‐based literature from 1990 to 2015 using Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and CENTRAL. Included studies were categorised according to clinical subspecialty, research aims and qualitative approach.ResultsOf 4,061 identified articles, 388 were deemed relevant to qualitative research in ENT. The number of qualitative publications has risen markedly over the last 25 years (r = 0.802), particularly since 2010. The most commonly used method was semi‐structured interviews 62.1% (241/388). Head and neck cancer (41.8% (162/388)) and otology (40.2% (156/388)) publish more qualitative research than rhinology (7.0% (27/388)) and laryngology (6.7% (26/388)).ConclusionsQualitative research in otolaryngology has increased over time, but laryngology and rhinology remain under‐represented. Most studies use interviews, underutilising the strengths of other qualitative methods. There is considerable scope for further application of qualitative methods in otolaryngology.
Emerging cellular functions of the lipid metabolizing enzyme 15‐Lipoxygenase‐1
Authors: Çolakoğlu Melis , Tunçer Sinem , Banerjee Sreeparna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic and linoleic acid through lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cyclooxygenases (COXs) leads to the production of bioactive lipids that are important both in the induction of acute inflammation and its resolution. Amongst the several isoforms of LOX that are expressed in mammals, 15‐LOX‐1 was shown to be important both in the context of inflammation, being expressed in cells of the immune system, and in epithelial cells where the enzyme has been shown to crosstalk with a number of important signalling pathways. This review looks into the latest developments in understanding the role of 15‐LOX‐1 in different disease states with emphasis on the emerging role of the enzyme in the tumour microenvironment as well as a newly re‐discovered form of cell death called ferroptosis. We also discuss future perspectives on the feasibility of use of this protein as a target for therapeutic interventions.
Critical role of inflammatory mast cell in fibrosis: Potential therapeutic effect of IL‐37
Authors: Conti P. , Caraffa Al. , Mastrangelo F. , Tettamanti L. , Ronconi G. , Frydas I. , Kritas S. K. , Theoharides T. C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundFibrosis involves the activation of inflammatory cells, leading to a decrease in physiological function of the affected organ or tissue.AimsTo update and synthesize relevant information concerning fibrosis into a new hypothesis to explain the pathogenesis of fibrosis and propose potential novel therapeutic approaches.Materials and MethodsLiterature was reviewed and relevant information is discussed in the context of the pathogenesis of fibrosis.ResultsA number of cytokines and their mRNA are involved in the circulatory system and in organs of patients with fibrotic tissues. The profibrotic cytokines are generated by several activated immune cells, including fibroblasts and mast cells (MCs), which are important for tissue inflammatory responses to different types of injury. MC‐derived TNF, IL‐1, and IL‐33 contribute crucially to the initiation of a cascade of the host defence mechanism(s), leading to the fibrosis process. Inhibition of TNF and inflammatory cytokines may slow the progression of fibrosis and improve the pathological status of the affected subject. IL‐37 is generated by various types of immune cells and is an IL‐1 family member protein. IL‐37 is not a receptor antagonist; it binds IL‐18 receptor alpha (IL‐18Rα) and delivers the inhibitory signal by using TIR8. It has been shown that IL‐37 can be protective in inflammation and injury, and inhibits both innate and adaptive immunity.DiscussionIL‐37 may be useful for suppression of inflammatory diseases induced by inhibiting MyD88‐dependent TLR signalling. In addition, IL‐37 downregulates NF‐κB induced by TLR2 or TLR4 through a mechanism dependent on IL‐18Rα.ConclusionThis review summarizes current knowledge on the role of MC in inflammation and tissue/organ fibrosis, with a focus on the therapeutic potential of IL‐37‐targeting cytokines.
Using niche conservatism information to prioritize hotspots of invasion by non‐native freshwater invertebrates in New Zealand
Authors: Torres Ursula , Godsoe William , Buckley Hannah L. , Parry Matthew , Lustig Audrey , Worner Susan P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimIdentifying suitable areas for invasive species establishment is of critical importance for their early detection and rapid eradication. However, our ability to detect suitable areas is impeded by the tendency of species to shift their niche postinvasion. In this study, we (a) investigate the frequency of niche shift within invasive freshwater invertebrates and (b) use niche conservatism information to prioritize potential hotspots of invasion for non‐native freshwater invertebrates in New Zealand.LocationGlobal occurrence data and predictions over New Zealand.MethodsWe characterized the native and invasive realized niche using occurrence data for 22 invasive freshwater invertebrates in relation to 27 derived climate variables. Using principal component analysis and species distribution models, we measured the degree of niche shift for each species and identified hotspots of invasion and niche conservatism described within biogeographic units in New Zealand.ResultsNiche shift was detected frequently among the invasive freshwater invertebrates studied here, where 90% showed a significant niche change. The characterization of the species niche enabled the identification of species whose management might be hampered because of their ability to colonize novel environments. Locations covering more than half of the land area of New Zealand were found to be climatically suitable for at least four and up to 11 species. Areas that were found to be climatically suitable for several species but were not identified as hotspots of niche conservatism could be considered less critical for surveillance and monitoring.Main conclusionsAquatic invertebrates show a high degree of niche shift. By combining climate suitability predictions and niche conservatism, we were able to prioritize invasion areas.
Diabetes prevalence among older people receiving care at home: associations with symptoms, health status and psychological well‐being
Authors: Davies T. T. , Graue M. , Igland J. , Tell G. S. , Birkeland K. I. , Peyrot M. , Haltbakk J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsTo determine the prevalence of diabetes among older people receiving care at home, and to explore differences in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, symptoms, health status, quality of life and psychological well‐being between diabetes categories defined as HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) and/or self‐report.MethodsA community‐based sample of 377 people receiving care at home in Western Norway participated in a cross‐sectional survey. Instruments included the MMSE‐NR, Symptom Check‐List, WHO Quality of Life‐BREF (WHOQOL‐BREF, global items), EuroQol EQ‐5D‐5L/EQ‐5D‐VAS and WHO‐Five Well‐Being Index (WHO‐5). Participants were grouped into four categories: no diabetes, self‐report only, HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) and self‐report, and HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) only.ResultsMedian age (IQR) was 86 (81–91) years and 34% of the sample were men. We identified 92 people (24%) with diabetes. Diabetes was more prevalent in men than women (34% vs. 20%, age‐adjusted P = 0.005). Among people with diabetes, 14% were unaware of their diagnosis. There were significant differences in symptoms between the diabetes categories, with more symptoms (abnormal thirst, polyuria, genital itching, nausea, excessive hunger, perspiring, cold hands/feet, daytime sleepiness) among the groups with elevated HbA1c. Significant differences in WHO‐5, WHOQOL‐BREF and EQ‐5D‐5L between diabetes categories were identified, with the poorest scores in the group with undiagnosed diabetes.ConclusionsA high percentage of people with diabetes receiving care at home are unaware of their diagnosis. Diabetes deserves increased case‐finding efforts and allocation of resources towards those receiving care at home to alleviate symptoms and the burden of inadequate diabetes care.
Lipid profile and long‐term outcome in premature myocardial infarction
Authors: Winter Max‐Paul , Wiesbauer Franz , Blessberger Hermann , Pavo Noemi , Sulzgruber Patrick , Huber Kurt , Wojta Johann , Distelmaier Klaus , Lang Irene M. , Goliasch Georg 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundPremature myocardial infarction (≤40 years) represents a rare disease with a distinct risk factor profile and a lipid phenotype that is characterized by a predominance of elevated triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins. So far high‐density and low‐density lipoproteins remain the primary targets for risk stratification and treatment evaluation in coronary artery disease, but this strategy might be insensitive in patients with premature myocardial infarction.AimAim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of different lipid fractions on long‐term cardiovascular outcome in patients with premature myocardial infarction.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 102 consecutive AMI survivors (≤40 years) in this prospective multicentre study and investigated the influence of the familial combined hypercholesterolaemia phenotype and a corresponding multimarker panel of different lipid fractions on cardiovascular outcome.ResultsTotal cholesterol, non‐HDL cholesterol, remnant cholesterol and Apo B lipoprotein were significantly higher in patients experiencing MACE as compared to those who did not. The familial combined hypercholesterolaemia phenotype was associated with an unfavourable cardiovascular outcome even after adjustment for potential cofounders (adjusted HR 3.04,95% CI, 1.26‐7.34, P = 0.013). Remnant cholesterol revealed the strongest association with MACE (adj.HR 1.94, 95%CI. 1.30‐2.99, P = 0.001). Interestingly LDL and HDL revealed no significant impact on cardiovascular outcome in this study cohort.ConclusionNon‐HDL and remnant cholesterol are strongly associated with an unfavourable outcome in patients with premature myocardial infarction and might be the preferred treatment target for lipid‐lowering therapy.
Microparticles as autoantigens in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mobarrez Fariborz , Svenungsson Elisabet , Pisetsky David S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of antibodies to components of the cell nucleus (antinuclear antibodies or ANAs) and the formation of immune complexes with nuclear antigens. These complexes can drive pathogenesis by depositing in the tissue to incite inflammation or induce cytokine production by cells of the innate immune system. While ANAs can bind to purified nuclear molecules, nuclear autoantigens in vivo most likely exist attached to other molecules or embedded in larger structures. Among these structures, microparticles (MPs) are membrane bound vesicles that are released from dead and dying cells by a blebbing process; MPs can also be released during activation of platelets. The presence of MPs in the blood or tissue culture media can be assayed by flow cytometry on the basis of light scattering as well as binding of marker antibodies to identify the cell of origin. As shown by biochemical analyses, MPs contain an ensemble of intracellular components including nuclear, cytoplasmic and membrane molecules. Because of the display of these molecules on the particle surface or in an otherwise accessible form, ANAs, including anti‐DNA, can bind to particles. Levels of MPs are increased in the blood of patients with SLE, with flow cytometry demonstrating the presence of IgG‐containing particles. In addition to forming immune complexes, MPs can directly stimulate immune responses. Together, these findings suggest an important role of particles in the pathogenesis of SLE and their utility as biomarkers.
SOX6 rs7117858 polymorphism is associated with osteoporosis and obesity‐related phenotypes
Authors: Correa‐Rodríguez María , Schmidt‐RioValle Jacqueline , Rueda‐Medina Blanca 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundSOX6 has been recently proposed as a pleiotropic gene for obesity and osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the rs7117858 genetic variant in SOX6 was associated with bone mass assessed by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and obesity‐related measures in a population of young adults.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in 550 unrelated healthy individuals of Caucasian ancestry (381 (69.3%) female and 169 (30.7%) male; mean age 20.46 ± 2.69). Bone mass was assessed through calcaneal QUS) parameter (BUA, dB/MHz). Obesity‐related traits including weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM) and fat‐free mass (FFM) were analysed.ResultsThe linear regression analysis revealed that the rs7117858 SNP was significantly associated with FFM after adjustments for covariables in the whole sample (P = 0.027, β (95% CI) = 0.053 (0.092, 1.516). In addition, a significant association with QUS measurement adjusted for confounding factors was found in females (P = 0.043, β (95% CI) = 0.104 (0.138. 8.384).ConclusionsWe demonstrate for the first time that SOX6 influence FFM and QUS trait in a population of young adults, suggesting the implication of this gene in obesity and osteoporosis‐related phenotypes during early adulthood.
Perampanel in routine clinical use in idiopathic generalized epilepsy: The 12‐month GENERAL study
Authors: Villanueva Vicente , Montoya Javier , Castillo Ascension , Mauri‐Llerda José Á. , Giner Pau , López‐González Francisco J. , Piera Anna , Villanueva‐Hernández Pedro , Bertol Vicente , Garcia‐Escrivá Alejandro , Garcia‐Peñas Juan J. , Garamendi Iñigo , Esteve‐Belloch Patricia , Baiges‐Octavio Juan J. , Miró Júlia , Falip Mercè , Garcés Mercedes , Gómez Asier , Gil‐López Francisco J. , Carreño Mar , Rodriguez‐Uranga Juan J. , Campos Dulce , Bonet Macarena , Querol Rosa , Molins Albert , Tortosa Diego , Salas‐Puig Javier 
Published: July 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo analyze the effectiveness and tolerability of perampanel across different seizure types in routine clinical care of patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE).MethodsThis multicenter, retrospective, 1‐year observational study collected data from patient records at 21 specialist epilepsy units in Spain. All patients who were aged ≥12 years, prescribed perampanel before December 2016, and had a confirmed diagnosis of IGE were included.ResultsThe population comprised 149 patients with IGE (60 with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, 51 generalized tonic–clonic seizures [GTCS] only, 21 juvenile absence epilepsy, 10 childhood absence epilepsy, 6 adulthood absence epilepsy, and one Jeavons syndrome). Mean age was 36 years. The retention rate at 12 months was 83% (124/149), and 4 mg was the most common dose. At 12 months, the seizure‐free rate was 59% for all seizures (88/149); 63% for GTCS (72/115), 65% for myoclonic seizures (31/48), and 51% for absence seizures (24/47). Seizure frequency was reduced significantly at 12 months relative to baseline for GTCS (78%), myoclonic (65%), and absence seizures (48%). Increase from baseline seizure frequency was seen in 5.2% of patients with GTCS seizures, 6.3% with myoclonic, and 4.3% with absence seizures. Perampanel was effective regardless of epilepsy syndrome, concomitant antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and prior AEDs, but retention and seizure freedom were significantly higher when used as early add‐on (after ≤2 prior AEDs) than late (≥3 prior AEDs). Adverse events were reported in 50% of patients over 12 months, mostly mild or moderate, and irritability (23%), somnolence (15%), and dizziness (14%) were most frequent.SignificanceIn routine clinical care of patients with IGE, perampanel improved seizure outcomes for GTCS, myoclonic seizures, and absence seizures, with few discontinuations due to adverse events. This is the first real‐world evidence with perampanel across different seizure types in IGE.
Photoluminescence and thermal expansion of zirconium vanadate
Authors: Baohe Yuan , Wensi Cao , Weishu Wang , Erjun Liang , Tao Cheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe optical property and phase transition of ZrV2O7 were investigated by temperature‐dependent X‐ray diffraction, photoluminescence (PL), and Raman spectra. It was found that the material exhibited PL emission in the visible region. The temperature‐dependent PL emission showed that the peak energy for emission (at red wavelength) presented a red shift from 10 to 80 K, and then a blue shift with the increase in temperature. The PL emission bands of ZrV2O7 shifted with change in temperature relating to its phase transition (80‐100 K), which could be confirmed by temperature‐dependent Raman spectra.
Spend as I say, not as I do: Children, families and household consumption in different socio‐economic contexts
Authors: Ribeiro Raquel B. , Fonseca Jaime R. S. , Soares Isabel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article aims at contributing to a body of work about children and families by exploring the importance of socio‐economic context and social capital for understanding the ways in which money is perceived, obtained and used by children. Alleged contrasts in terms of money management, consumption priorities and postponement of gratification, especially among middle and working classes, have already been debated. It seems thus relevant to investigate if these presumable contrasts apply to children and why. Do children from different socio‐economic contexts reveal the traits that have been attributed to their households? To this end, a mixed methods research project was developed involving 245 children attending different primary schools in Portugal—one private school targeted at upper class children and one state‐sponsored school located in a working‐class area. The results revealed significant differences by school and household typology.