bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for asthma among schoolchildren who participated in a case-control study in urban Uganda
Authors: Mpairwe Harriet , Namutebi Milly , Nkurunungi Gyaviira , Tumwesige Pius , Nambuya Irene , Mukasa Mike , Onen Caroline , Nnaluwooza Marble , Apule Barbara , Katongole Tonny , Oduru Gloria , Kahwa Joseph , Webb Emily L , Lubyayi Lawrence , Pearce Neil , Elliott Alison M 
Published: June 2019

AbstractData on asthma aetiology in Africa are scarce. We investigated the risk factors for asthma among schoolchildren (5-17years) in urban Uganda. We conducted a case-control study, enrolling 561 cases and 1,139 controls. Asthma was diagnosed by study clinicians.The main risk factors for asthma were tertiary education for fathers [adjusted OR (95% CI); 2.49 (1.89-3.29)] and mothers [2.14 (1.64-2.78)]; area of residence at birth, with children born in a small town or in the city having an increased asthma risk compared to schoolchildren born in rural areas [2.00 (1.49-2.68)] and [2.82 (1.85-4.30)], respectively; father’s and mother’s history of asthma; children’s own allergic conditions; atopy; and using gas/electricity for indoor cooking.Asthma was associated with a strong rural-town-city risk gradient, higher parental socio-economic status and urbanicity. This work provides the basis for future studies to identify specific environmental/lifestyle factors responsible for increasing asthma risk among children in urban areas in LMICs.
Assessing Root System Architecture of Wheat Seedlings Using A High-Throughput Root Phenotyping System
Authors: Adeleke E. , Millas R. , McNeal W. , Faris J , Taheri A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsRoot system architecture is a vital part of the plant that has been shown to vary between species and within species based on response to genotypic and/or environmental influences. The root traits of wheat seedlings is critical for the establishment and evidently linked to plant height and seed yield. However, plant breeders have not efficiently developed the role of RSA in wheat selection due to the difficulty of studying root traits.MethodsWe set up a root phenotyping platform to characterize RSA in 34 wheat accessions. The phenotyping pipeline consists of the germination paper-based moisture replacement system, image capture units, and root-image processing software. The 34 accessions from two different wheat ploidy levels (hexaploids and tetraploids), were characterized in ten replicates. A total of 19 root traits were quantified from the root architecture generated.ResultsThis pipeline allowed for rapid screening of 340 wheat seedlings within 10days. Also, at least one line from each ploidy (6x and 4x) showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in measured traits except in mean seminal count. Our result also showed strong correlation (0.8) between total root length, maximum depth and convex hull area.ConclusionsThis phenotyping pipeline has the advantage and capacity to increase screening potential at early stages of plant development leading to characterization of wheat seedling traits that can be further examined using QTL analysis in populations generated from the examined accessions.
Structural analysis of pathogenic missense mutations in GABRA2 and identification of a novel de novo variant in the desensitization gate
Authors: Sanchis-Juan Alba , Hasenahuer Marcia A , Baker James A , McTague Amy , Barwick Katy , Kurian Manju A , Duarte Sofia T ,   NIHR BioResource, Thornton Janet , Raymond F Lucy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCys-loop receptors are vital for controlling neuronal excitability in the brain and their dysfunction results in numerous neurological disorders. Recently, six de novo missense variants in GABRA2 gene, a member of this family, have been associated with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) and intellectual disability with seizures. Here, using whole-genome sequencing we identified a de novo missense variant in GABRA2 gene in a patient with EIEE and developmental delay. We perform protein structural analysis of the seven variants and show that all the mutations are in the transmembrane domain, either close to the desensitization gate, the activation gate or in inter-subunit interfaces. Further investigations demonstrated that the majority of pathogenic variants reported are at equivalent positions in other Cys-loop receptors, emphasizing the importance of these residues for the adequate function of the receptor. Also, a comparison of the distribution of the mutations in all the Cys-loop receptors showed that pathogenic variants are more common in the transmembrane helices, more specifically in the M2 helix, highlighting the importance of this segment. Our study expands the clinical spectrum of individuals with pathogenic missense mutations in GABRA2, defines the regions where pathogenic mutations are in the protein structure, and highlights the value of considering sequence, evolutionary, and structural information from other Cys-loop receptors as a strategy for variant interpretation of novel missense mutations in GABRA2.
On the expression of co-operative feeding behaviour in 3rd instar Drosophila melanogaster larvae!
Authors: Khodaei Lucas , Newman Tara , Lum Samantha , Ngo Henry , Maoloni Matthew , Long Tristan A.F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnder poor nutritional conditions, 3rd instar Drosophila melanogaster larvae will work collaboratively in feeding clusters to obtain resources that cannot be reached individually. To better understand the conditions that influence the expression of this behaviour we examined the frequencies, the size and the membership in vials of flies that were initially seeded with either 100 or 200 eggs each using flies from both a large, outbred population and a replicate population that was homozygous for the bw allele. Overall, more feeding clusters, containing more larval participants were observed in the higher density vials compared to the lower density vials, consistent with the idea that this social behaviour is a response to dwindling resources in the environment. The presence of the bw allele did not result in greater egg-to-adult mortality, nor did it result in lower participation in feeding clusters.
Mutual Regulation of Receptor-Like Kinase SIT1 and B'κ-PP2A Shapes the Early Response of Rice to Salt Stress
Authors: Zhao Ji-Long , Zhang Li-Qing , Liu Ning , Xu Shou-Ling , Yue Zhi-Liang , Zhang Lu-Lu , Deng Zhi-Ping , Burlingame Alma L. , Sun Da-Ye , Wang Zhi-Yong , Sun Ying , Zhang Sheng-Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe receptor-like kinase SIT1 acts as a sensor in rice (Oryza sativa) roots, relaying salt stress signals via elevated kinase activity to enhance salt sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate that Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunit B'κ constrains SIT1 activity under salt stress. B'κ-PP2A deactivates SIT1 directly by dephosphorylating the kinase at Thr515/516, a salt-induced phosphorylation site in the activation loop that is essential for SIT1 activity. B'κ overexpression suppresses the salt sensitivity of rice plants expressing high levels of SIT1, thereby contributing to salt tolerance. B'κ functions in a SIT1 kinase-dependent manner. During early salt stress, activated SIT1 phosphorylates B'κ; this not only enhances its binding with SIT1, it also promotes B'κ protein accumulation via Ser502 phosphorylation. Consequently, by blocking SIT1 phosphorylation, B'κ inhibits and fine-tunes SIT1 activity to balance plant growth and stress adaptation.
The research trends in recommender systems for e-learning
Authors: Zhong Jiemin , Xie Haoran , Wang Fu Lee 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
A recommendation algorithm is typically applied to speculate on users’ preferences based on their behavioral characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of recommendation systems by collecting related journal articles from the last five years (i.e. from 2014 to 2018). This paper aims to study the correlations between recommendation technologies and e-learning systems.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper reviews the relevant articles using five assessment aspects. A coding scheme was put forward that includes the following: the metrics for the e-learning system, the evaluation metrics for the recommendation algorithms, the recommendation filtering technology, the phases of the recommendation process and the learning outcomes of the system.

Findings
The research indicates that most e-learning systems will adopt the adaptive mechanism as a primary metric, and accuracy is a vital evaluation indicator for recommendation algorithms. In existing e-learning recommender systems, the most common recommendation filtering technology is hybrid filtering. The information collection phase is an important process recognized by most studies. Finally, the learning outcomes of the recommender system can be achieved through two key indicators: affections and correlations.

Originality/value
The recommendation technology works effectively in closing the gap between the information producer and the information consumer. This technology could help learners find the information they are interested in as well as send them a valuable message. The opportunities and challenges of the current study are discussed; the results of this study could provide a guideline for future research.
Electronic word-of-mouth generation and regulatory focus
Authors: Sohaib Muhammad , Akram Umair , Hui Peng , Rasool Hassan , Razzaq Zohaib , Kaleem Khan Muhammad 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) motivations of regulatory-focused customers with positive and negative consumption experiences.

Design/methodology/approach
An online survey is conducted in Beijing and Shanghai. A random sampling technique is used to collect data from 854 respondents. Two scenarios of eWOM communication – positive and negative consumption experiences – are randomly assigned to each respondent. This study employs the structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis techniques. However, it uses ordinary least squares and logistic regression to analyze 137 participants in the experimental study.

Findings
Promotion-focused customers that aim for self-enhancement and obtaining social benefits are motivated to spread positive eWOM on social networking sites. However, prevention-focused customers are driven by vengeance and anxiety, revealing higher intentions to post negative eWOM on review sites. eWOM generation is subject to gender, as promotion-focused male customers spread it more than both prevention-focused and promotion-focused female customers. Moreover, platform assistance (PA) has a significant positive impact upon regulatory-focused customers and eWOM (positive vs negative) relationships.

Practical implications
This study provides a deeper understanding of motivational factors of eWOM communication. Specifically, in case of product or service failure, negative consumption experiences drive prevention-focused customers to generate negative eWOM. Thus, using various tactics, marketers need to shift customers from focusing on prevention to focusing on promotion. For example, redeemable free coupons can shift customer attention and generate positive eWOM.

Originality/value
This study provides unique insights about eWOM motivation across genders. It examines regulatory focus, positive vs negative consumption experiences and moderation of PA.
Hungry for more: understanding young domestic travellers’ return for Penang street food
Authors: Yeap Jasmine A.L. , Ong Kim Sheinne Galzote , Yapp Emily H.T. , Ooi Say Keat 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the process that leads to the revisit intentions of young domestic travellers to Penang for its multi-ethnic street food based on the ABC model of attitudes and the theory of consumption values.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected online from 305 local Generation Y and Z travellers via a purposive sampling method and analysed using SmartPLS v.3.2.6.

Findings
Taste value had the most salient effect on attitude towards Penang street food followed by emotional value. The impact of attitude on the intention to revisit Penang for its street food is mediated by place attachment.

Practical implications
Apart from ensuring the authentic taste of multi-ethnic street food is preserved, campaigns crafted to boost street food tourism should communicate how eating street food can manifest in feelings of enjoyment, pleasure and excitement to the young travellers as well as highlight the identity of the place as an incomparable street food destination.

Originality/value
This study demonstrates that continuous revisits to a destination for street food is affective-driven with the significant role of place attachment as a mediator and the intangible force of emotional value (apart from taste value) influencing attitude towards street food.
Techniques of impedance matching for minimal PCB channel loss at 40 GBPS signal transmission
Authors: Yee Chang Fei , Mohamad Isa Muammar , Abdullah Al-Hadi Azremi , Md Arshad Mohd Khairuddin 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the negative impact of surface mount (SMT) pad and imperfect via structure such as stub, pad, non-functional pad (NFP) and anti-pad on the signal integrity at 40 Gbps transmission on printed circuit board (PCB) due to impedance mismatch or discontinuity. The optimized modeling of via and SMT structures is performed to achieve minimal impedance mismatch and insertion loss less than 10 dB for six-inch full path transmission line between transmitter and receiver on PCB at Nyquist frequency 20 GHz.

Design/methodology/approach
This work is split into two phases. The first phase involves optimization of via and SMT structures in three-dimensional electromagnetic (3DEM) simulation using Hyperlynx Via Wizard and Keysight EMPro software, respectively, followed by analysis of time domain reflectometry (TDR) and insertion loss (Sdd21). Whereas, in the second phase, full path hybrid mode simulation involving vias for signal layer transition, a 6-inch PCB channel and SMT pads is performed using Keysight ADS software to observe the TDR, Sdd21 and eye diagram at 40 Gbps transmission.

Findings
Imperfect via and SMT structures have a negative effect on signal reflection and attenuation. The optimized via and SMT minimizes the impedance mismatch by 81 per cent and insertion loss by 4.5 dB, ultimately enlarging the eye diagram opening to achieve minimal data loss at receiver with 40 Gbps transmission.

Originality/value
The results of original empirical research work on signal integrity analysis that optimizes the PCB channel design to achieve 40 Gbps signal transmission are presented in this study. It serves as a reference guide for high-speed PCB layout design.
Consideration of issues and solutions related to the coexistence of cultural properties and the real life of the neighborhood
Authors: Ishida Yuko , Kim Dowon , Konegawa Tatsuo , Fukagawa Ryoichi 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to organize the issues that arise during repair processes when the cultural heritage sites and the infrastructure of local residents are simultaneously damaged by disasters and to propose measures before disaster occurrence.

Design/methodology/approach
Issues to be considered regarding restoration processes are extracted based on details of damages and restoration work caused by disasters to the world heritage site “Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range” and the surrounding living facilities and hearings from government officials.

Findings
In order to develop a restoration method with little burden on cultural properties, it is important that related institutions collaborate before the occurrence of disasters and consider reconstruction methods with low environmental impact. The authors should increase the number of effective countermeasure options that prioritize harmony with nature and scenery preservation prior to disasters.

Research limitations/implications
Little is known about the best practice of reconstruction work at the cultural heritage sites.

Practical implications
The damages and restoration works which are described in this paper serve as a precedent of recovery works from future disaster occurrence.

Social implications
The damages and restoration works of Yokogaki-toge Pass, the issues extracted and the measures proposed which are presented in this paper would be helpful the people involved in cultural properties to think about better methods of restoration.

Originality/value
In the hearing investigation clarified that both the person in charge of cultural property and public facility management recognize importance learning from many effective countermeasure methods and previous cases to make a better recovery plan for future damage.
Balancing and stabilizing South Asia: challenges and opportunities for sustainable peace and stability
Authors: Khan Zafar 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to elaborate in a greater detail about how to manage and eventually help resolve outstanding issues, including the core issue of Kashmir between nuclear India and Pakistan. In doing so, this paper elaborates various innovative measures that could be applicable to South Asian nuclear environment that in turn could assist the South Asian nuclear leadership in understanding and managing the fragility of South Asian nuclear deterrence.

Design/methodology/approach
Innovatively, this research paper looks at the South Asian nuclear issues at three levels of analysis – understanding the prevailing dynamics of nuclear revolution and improved means of communications and promoting deterrence stability in South Asia. All three levels may be more needed than ever before in the wake of the arrival of nuclear weapons for a broader Southern Asian region.

Findings
This paper finds out that although nuclear weapons have become a reality in South Asia and these deadly weapons have prevented major wars between India and Pakistan, nuclear weapons have not prevented the crises between India and Pakistan. Therefore, both India and Pakistan have confronted a number of crises. The paper finds out that any serious crisis between India and Pakistan could further undermine the credibility of existing confidence-building measures and the same could escalate from military to nuclear level. Absent from immediate measures undertaken by the South Asian security leadership, nuclear weapons may not help prevent the war between India and Pakistan at the sub-conventional level, this paper finds out.

Originality/value
By explaining innovative measures at the three level of analysis, this papers adds to the existing literature in understanding the behavior of South Asian security leadership and how these measures could best bring positive results in preventing a major crisis that potentially bears the risk of escalation to nuclear level.
Identifying critical enablers for homeownership in Hong Kong
Authors: Jayantha Wadu Mesthrige , Oladinrin Olugbenga Timo 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive assessment of the influential factors that must be considered in an effort to enhance homeownership.Design/methodology/approachA list of 14 factors identified through the literature were assessed through a questionnaire survey with 502 useful responses. The data collected were analysed using mean item score (MIS), exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM).FindingsMIS analysis revealed “prioritizing lending towards first-time buyers”, “reforming planning process to allow building of more homes” and “introducing subsidies for all first-time buyers” as the most influential factors affecting homeownership. Using EFA, 3 key factors were generated from the 14 factors: subsidies and policy reforms; fiscal measures; and monetary measures. The SEM results show that all three factors have a significant positive effect on homeownership at different levels.Originality/valueThis paper empirically examines the enabling factors for homeownership in Hong Kong, revealing a clear effect of various group factors on homeownership. The paper proposes practical and policy recommendations to improve homeownership rate.
Retention of medical doctors and nurses in rural areas of Odisha state, India – a policy analysis
Authors: Behera Manas Ranjan , Prutipinyo Chardsumon , Sirichotiratana Nithat , Viwatwongkasem Chukiat 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Retention of medical doctors and nurses in remote and rural areas is a key issue in India. The purpose of this paper is to assess the relevant policies and provisions with respect to health care professionals, aiming to develop feasible retention strategies in rural areas of Odisha state of India.

Design/methodology/approach
The study employed documentary review and key informant interviews with policy elites (health planners, policy maker, researchers, etc.). The document review included published and unpublished reports, policy notifications and articles on human resources for health (HRH) in Odisha and similar settings. Throughout the study, the authors adapted World Health Organization’s framework to study policies relevant to HRH retention in rural areas. The adapted framework comprised of the four policy domains, education, regulation, financial incentives, professional and personal support, and 16 recommendations.

Findings
In Odisha, the district quota system for admission is not practiced; however, students from special tribal and caste (Scheduled Tribe and Scheduled Caste) communities, Socially and Educationally Backward Classes of citizens, and Persons with Disabilities have some allocated quota to study medicine and nursing. Medical education has a provision of community placement in rural hospitals. In government jobs, the newly recruited medical doctors serve a minimum of three years in rural areas. Doctors are given with location-based incentives to work in remote and difficult areas. The government has career development, deployment, and promotion avenues for doctors and nurses; however, these provisions are not implemented effectively.

Originality/value
The government could address the rural retention problems, as illustrated in the study and put in place the most effective policies and provisions toward recruitment, deployment and attraction of HRH in remote and rural areas. At the same time, implementation HRH strategies and activities must be rigorously monitored and evaluated effectively.
Self-reported Non-Specific Neck Pain (NSNP) is associated with presenteeism and biopsychosocial factors among office workers
Authors: Frutiger Martin , Taylor Tamasin , Borotkanics Robert James 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between self-reported non-specific neck pain (NSNP) with presenteeism and biopsychosocial factors in office workers.

Design/methodology/approach
This cross-sectional study was conducted on office workers (n=119) from four workplaces in Sydney, Australia. Data were collected using online questionnaires comprising the Neck Pain and Disability Scale, Neck Bournemouth Index and Stanford Presenteeism Scale 6. Psychosocial factors were explored given their etiological and maintenance roles in musculoskeletal disorders. A combination of linear, generalised linear and ordinal regression models were applied.

Findings
The study found that presenteeism was significantly associated with NSNP. Psychosocial factors such as concentration, emotional stress, anxiety, depression and outlook were found to be associated with increased NSNP.

Research limitations/implications
This research has implications as it expands understanding of the interplay between presenteeism and NSNP and psychosocial factors in the workplace.

Originality/value
The study identified the importance of organisations being able to identify when an office worker may be working while experiencing NSNP and how they may best support their employee’s recovery to prevent long-term disability and work productivity issues. These findings inform workplace policy formation by public health agencies.