bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(122) HUMAN FACTORS AFFECTING RECOVERY OF SPERM MOTILITY AFTER CRYOPRESERVATION: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Li M , Fan A , Hsieh T 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Although studies have suggested that sperm motility may play a role in predicting the success of assisted reproductive technology, current studies on factors affecting recovery of sperm motility after cryopreservation are largely limited to evaluating cryopreservation techniques.

Objective
We sought to evaluate human factors that affect the recovery of sperm motility after cryopreservation.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent sperm cryopreservation at our institution from September 2021 through January 2024. We measured pre- and post-thaw motility, and collected demographics, medical and surgical history, and pre-retrieval laboratory values from the electronic medical record. Student’s t-tests were used to compare continuous variables, and Pearson’s chi-squared tests were used for categorical variables. All analyses were conducted in R version 4.4.0, and p &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
A total of 184 patients underwent sperm cryopreservation. Among the cohort, the mean age was 30.4 (SD 9.07) with a mean BMI of 25.9 (SD 4.87). The mean sperm motility prior to freezing, after freezing, and percent recovery was 45.5% (SD 22.1), 23.7% (SD 13.8), and 53.9% (SD 24.5), respectively. Of the factors analyzed, increased age was associated with decrease sperm motility percent recovery (p = 0.005). Hormonal evaluation of the cohort showed 57 patients had luteinizing hormone values collected pre-retrieval, which was positively correlated with sperm motility recovery (p = 0.054). Estradiol, testosterone, prolactin, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels also did not significantly correlate with sperm motility recovery. Race, BMI, history of diabetes mellitus, alcohol use, tobacco use, cancer history, radiation or chemotherapy history, history of hypogonadism, or history of prior children did not affect sperm motility recovery.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that age is negatively correlated with recovery of sperm motility. These results may help guide physicians counseling patients if additional samples should be submitted for cryopreservation.

Disclosure
No.
An examination of sexual function & distress among sexual minority & heterosexual women seeking care at menopause and sexual health specialty clinics
Authors: Sobel Talia , Faubion Stephanie S , Vencill Jennifer A , Cole Kristin , Winham Stacey , Williams Courtney , Kling Juliana M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Sexual minority women (SMW) have worse mental and physical health outcomes compared to heterosexual women, but literature on sexual function in SMW compared to heterosexual women is lacking.

Aim
To evaluate sexual function and sexual distress in women across sexual orientations.

Method
Questionnaire data were analyzed for women aged 18 and older who presented to women’s health clinics at Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, Arizona, and Florida from 2016 to 2023. Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Female Sexual Distress Scale–Revised (FSDS-R) scores assessed sexual dysfunction (FSFI ≤ 26.55 and FSDS-R ≥ 11). Multivariable logistic models adjusted for confounding factors.

Outcomes
Our main outcome was female sexual dysfunction as defined by a composite of FSFI ≤ 26.55 and FSDS-R ≥ 11 to include both sexual function and sexual distress.

Results
Of 6241 sexually active women, 3% were SMW and 97% were heterosexual women. The majority were White (93%), with average age 51.6 years old. There was no significant difference in sexual dysfunction rates between heterosexual and SMW by combined endpoint on univariate or multivariable analysis. SMW had higher total FSDS scores (17 vs 15, P = 0.037), indicating more sexual distress.

Clinical Implications
Sexual health concerns may differ between SMW and heterosexual women emphasizing the need for inclusive, culturally competent care.

Strengths & Limitations
This study assessed the association of sexual orientation and sexual dysfunction by incorporating sexual functioning problems and sexual distress. Limitations include a small number of SMW and a predominantly White, married, employed, and educated study sample, limiting the generalizability of the findings.

Conclusion
Rates of sexual dysfunction were similar between mostly White SMW and heterosexual women presenting to tertiary care centers. SMW reported more sexual distress than heterosexual women. Evaluating these variables in larger, more diverse cohorts is a critical next step.
Mapping of functional erectogenic nerves on the rat prostate
Authors: Unal Selman , Mi Ruifa , Musicki Biljana , Hoke Ahmet , Burnett Arthur L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Preservation of erectogenic nerves during radical prostatectomy (RP) is hampered by limited understanding of their precise localization, due to their complex, intertwined paths, and the inherent individual variations across patients. Because erection utilizes a subset of cavernous nerves (CNs) that in response to sexual stimuli reveal phosphorylation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) on its stimulatory site Ser-1412, we hypothesized that delineation of nerves containing phosphorylated (P)-nNOS on Ser-1412 would establish the location of functional erectogenic nerves within the periprostatic region.

Aim
To identify the distribution and quantity of functional erection-relevant ([P-nNOS]-containing) nerves in the periprostatic area and discriminate them among the CNs distribution. We further evaluated whether functional communication exists between contralateral CNs.

Methods
Young adult male Sprague–Dawley rats underwent electrical stimulation of the CNs to induce penile erection via phosphorylation of nNOS on Ser-1412 (6 V for 2 min, n = 6). No stimulation group served as control (n = 6). The prostate and adjacent structures were collected and processed for whole-mount double-staining with TuJ1 antibody (a pan-axonal marker) and P-nNOS (n = 3 for stimulation, n = 3 for no stimulation), or total nNOS and P-nNOS (n = 3 for stimulation, n = 3 for no stimulation), followed by modified optical clearing and microscopic examination. Nerve quantification was done by systematic counting.

Outcomes
Location and quantification of functional erectogenic nerves.

Results
In the male rat, we obtained a map of P-nNOS-containing nerves in the periprostatic area, which are relevant for penile erection. Only 17.5% of all nerves, and only 28.4% of the total nNOS-containing nerves in the periprostatic region are functionally erectogenic nerves. Furthermore, there is no functional innervation between contralateral (stimulated and non-stimulated) CNs.

Clinical Implications
This basic science study is expected to provide a foundation for subsequent studies at the human level. Understanding the erection-relevant nerve distribution in the periprostatic area is expected to advance nerve-sparing RP at the human level to improve sexual function outcomes.

Strengths and Limitations
This is the first study to describe and quantitate a subset of functional erection-relevant (P-nNOS-containing) nerves in the periprostatic area. Our study differs from previous studies where nerves containing total nNOS were localized without specifying which nerves produce erection. However, because this study comprised a relatively small number of rats, further studies with a bigger sample size or other model animals are warranted.

Conclusion
Only a subset of nerve fibers in the periprostatic region represent functional erectogenic nerves, characterized by the expression of P-nNOS (Ser-1412).
Phloem: a missing link in understanding tree growth response in a changing environment
Authors: Gričar Jožica 
Published: December 2024

This article comments on:
Dusart N, Moulia B, Saudreau M, Serre C, Charrier G, Hartmann FP. 2024. Differential warming at crown scale impacts walnut primary growth onset and secondary growth rate. Journal of Experimental Botany 75, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae360
Overcoming weeds: breeding herbicide-resistant crops via directed evolution
Authors: Ma Liang , Guo Yan 
Published: December 2024

This article comments on:
Qian H, Shi H. 2024. Herbicide-resistant 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase variants identified via directed evolution. Journal of Experimental Botany 75, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae330
Set-Off Between Solvent Parties: Common Law
Authors: Derham Rory 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter tackles the notion of set-off between solvent parties under common law. Before the establishment of the first Statute of Set-off in 1729, there was no general right of set-off available to a defendant in a common law action when he or she was being sued by a solvent plaintiff. Before the Judicature Acts, the courts applied the principle that a set-off under the Statutes could only be pleaded in bar to the plaintiff’s action if the set-off was available at the commencement of the action. The chapter cites that set-off under the Statutes is commonly described as a procedural defence. It also discusses the general principles of common law abatement.
Practical and statistical aspects of subgroup analyses in surgical neuro-oncology: A comprehensive review from the PIONEER consortium
Authors: Gerritsen Jasper K W , Karschnia Philipp , Young Jacob S , van den Bent Martin J , Chang Susan M , Smith Timothy R , Nahed Brian V , Rincon-Torroella Jordina , Bettegowda Chetan , Sanai Nader , Krieg Sandro M , Maruyama Takashi , Schucht Philippe , Broekman Marike L D , Tonn Joerg-Christian , Wen Patrick Y , De Vleeschouwer Steven , Vincent Arnaud J P E , Hervey-Jumper Shawn , Berger Mitchel S , Mekary Rania A , Molinaro Annette M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Subgroup analyses are essential to generate new hypotheses or to estimate treatment effects in clinically meaningful subgroups of patients. They play an important role in taking the next step toward personalized surgical treatment for brain tumor patients. However, subgroup analyses must be used with consideration and care because they have significant potential risks. Although some recommendations are available on the pearls and pitfalls of these analyses, a comprehensive guide is lacking, especially one focused on surgical neuro-oncology patients. This paper, therefore, reviews and summarizes for the first time comprehensively the practical and statistical considerations that are critical to this field. First, we evaluate the considerations when choosing a study design for surgical neuro-oncology studies and examine those unique to this field. Second, we give an overview of the relevant aspects to interpret subgroup analyses adequately. Third, we discuss the practical and statistical elements necessary to appropriately design and use subgroup analyses. The paper aims to provide an in-depth and complete guide to better understand risk modeling and assist the reader with practical examples of designing, using, and interpreting subgroup analyses.
Designing a time-dependent therapeutic strategy using CDK4/6 inhibitors in an intracranial ATRT model
Authors: Martin Brice , Guadix Sergio W , Sathian Rekha , Laramee Madeline , Pandey Abhinav , Ray Ishani , Wang Amy , Davuluri Ramana , Thomas Craig J , Dahmane Nadia , Souweidane Mark 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Inhibitors targeting cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6), crucial for cell cycle regulation, have shown promise in early-stage studies for treating central nervous system (CNS) tumors. However, challenges such as limited CNS penetration, optimal treatment duration, and systemic side effects have impeded their clinical translation for pediatric brain tumors (PBTs).

Methods
We evaluated the potency of CDK4/6 inhibitors across various PBT cell lines, focusing particularly on palbociclib against atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) with cell viability assays and gene expression analysis. Additionally, we assessed the efficacy and safety of intrathecal (IT) delivery of palbociclib through neurotoxicity and pharmacokinetic studies, along with survival assessments in murine leptomeningeal ATRT models.

Results
Palbociclib showed the highest potency across various PBT cells, with extended treatments reducing growth inhibition 50 (GI50) values from the micromolar to nanomolar range. It suppressed critical cell cycle genes (CCNB1, CCNA2, CDK1) in BT16 ATRT cells. Neurotoxicity (GFAP, CD45, NeuN, Iba1) and pharmacokinetic assays confirmed IT route as a feasible and effective method for delivering palbociclib to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), avoiding systemic toxicity and enhancing drug concentration to the brain. Finally, metronomic IT delivery using an osmotic pump (OP, 48 mg/kg) increased survival in 2 murine leptomeningeal ATRT models, showcasing its potential as a novel therapy for leptomeningeal tumors.

Conclusions
Metronomic IT delivery of palbociclib enhances drug efficacy and safety, improves survival, and offers a promising treatment strategy for PBTs with CSF dissemination.
Rice Bran Extraction and Stabilization Methods for Nutrient and Phytochemical Biofortification, Nutraceutical Development, and Dietary Supplementation
Authors: Das Prajna Priyadarshini , Gul Mir Zahoor , Weber Annika M , Srivastava Rakesh K , Marathi Balram , Ryan Elizabeth P , Ghazi Irfan A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Rice is a global staple food crop for nearly half of the world's population. Rice bran along with the germ are essential components of whole-grain rice and have immense potential for enhancing human nutrition. Rice bran has a unique composition and distinct requirements for processing before it can be consumed by humans when compared with other cereal brans. The comprehensive overview and synthesis of rice bran processing include extending the shelf life for functional food product development and extraction of bioactive components. This narrative review highlights established and innovative stabilization approaches, including solvent extraction and enzymatic treatments, which are critical methods and technologies for wider rice bran availability. The nutrient and phytochemical profiles of rice bran may improve with new cultivar development and food-fortification strategies. The postharvest agricultural practices and processing techniques can reduce food waste while also supporting growers to produce novel pigmented cultivars that can enhance nutritional value for human health.
London Major Trauma System: a review of an organised trauma system and the challenges it faces
Authors: Edmunds Matthew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
London Major Trauma System (LMTS) was the first organised trauma system in the United Kingdom. It was created in 2010 in response to multiple reviews that suggested a large number of deaths from trauma may have been preventable.
LMTS has all the features of a modern organised trauma system, including regionalisation, integration of care, transfer services, trauma teams, and a world leading research service. Since its introduction the benefits on mortality, morbidity, and other key metrics have been widely demonstrated. Despite its success, LMTS still faces a number of challenges; most notably from the ageing population, but also in ensuring equity of improvements across the entirety of the trauma network and throughout the whole patient journey. The very nature of LMTS being an inclusive and organised trauma system will help it in facing these challenges.
What should you have in your little black bag? A letter to a young doctor
Authors: Schattner Ami 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Rather than looking at which instruments to put in the traditional physician’s black bag, the changing face of medicine suggests that some virtual assets assume prime importance. With a solid background of core knowledge and skills acquired through medical school but continuously developed and updated, several habitual attitudes are advocated—each aiming to address a different facet of concerns in today’s time-constrained, often impersonal, fast-changing, information-overloaded, and highly technological practice. They include humility, curiosity, “red flag” identification, and reflexive database consultation—each with myriad, diverse advantages.
On the Family Origins of Human Capital Formation: Evidence from Donor Children
Authors: Lundborg Petter , Plug Erik , Rasmussen Astrid Würtz 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We introduce a novel strategy to study the intergenerational transmission of human capital skills, net of genetic skill transfers. For this purpose, we use unique Danish data on children conceived through sperm and egg donation in in vitro fertilization treatments to estimate the relationship between child test scores and parental years of schooling. Because the assignment of donors is not selective, these parental schooling estimates allow for a causal nurture interpretation. Once we take account of genes, we find that only the education of mothers matters: the association between father’s education and child test scores (in reading and math) is insignificant and practically zero, whereas the association between mother’s education and child test scores (in reading, not in math) is significant and large, and as large as the association we estimate for mothers of non-donor children.
A multivariable prediction model to identify anti-CCP positive people in those with non-specific musculoskeletal symptoms in primary care
Authors: Siddle Heidi J , Wilson Michelle , Nam Jacqueline L , Garcia-Montoya Leticia , Duquenne Laurence , Mankia Kulveer , Emery Paul , Hensor Elizabeth M A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to develop a prediction model identifying people presenting to primary care with musculoskeletal symptoms likely to be anti-CCP positive and therefore at risk of developing RA.

Methods
Participants aged ≥16 years, with new-onset non-specific musculoskeletal symptoms and no history of clinical synovitis, completed a symptom questionnaire and had an anti-CCP test. Model development used LASSO-penalized logistic regression, performance was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and decision curve analysis, model over-fit was estimated using bootstrapping and cross-validation. Participants were followed-up at 12 months for RA or seronegative/undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis diagnosis.

Results
Analysis included 6879 participants; 203 (2.95%) of whom were anti-CCP positive. Eleven predictors were retained: male sex, first-degree relative with RA, ever smoked and joint pain in: back, neck, shoulders, wrists, hands/fingers, thumbs, knees, feet/toes. AUROC was 0.65 (95% CI 0.61, 0.69, optimism = 0.03). Using a 4% decision threshold, the model recommended an anti-CCP test in 1288 (18.7%) participants, 78 (6.1%) of whom were anti-CCP positive, compared with 125/5591 (2.2%) below the threshold. Net benefit was 0.0040 (0.0020 corrected). Forty-eight participants were diagnosed with inflammatory arthritis/RA within 12 months. Of those who were above the threshold and anti-CCP positive, 32.1% developed inflammatory arthritis/RA compared with 0.4% of those who were anti-CCP negative. Of those below the threshold, 0.3% were diagnosed with inflammatory arthritis/RA.

Conclusions
Targeted anti-CCP testing in primary care may aid earlier identification of people at risk of RA, prompting specialist referral to rheumatology for earlier diagnosis and initiation of disease-modifying therapy.
Novel photopeak-independent correction method for internal activity calculation of 99mTc: a simulation study
Authors: Mercado-Quintero Alfredo V , Torres-García Eugenio , Isaac-Olivé Keila , Torres-García Rocío , Aranda-Lara Liliana , Torres-Velázquez Hansel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a new method for correcting the contribution of scattered radiation to the measurement of 99mTc internal activity in nuclear medicine patients using gamma cameras. So, this study aims to derive scattering correction factors by Monte Carlo simulation for anterior and posterior count rates (${I}_{\mathrm{A}}$ and ${I}_{\mathrm{P}}$) in the conjugate view method, enabling more precise estimation of activity A(t) compared to traditional trapezoidal and triangular approximations. The new approach eliminates the need to use photopeak for determining the fraction of scattered photons. Our results showed differences of &lt;3% with respect to the real activity and 11% for the trapezoidal and triangular approaches.
Advances in MRI Research for First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Selective Review and NSFC-Funded Analysis
Authors: Yang Qi , Pan Xingchen , Yang Jun , Wang Ying , Tang Tingting , Guo Weisheng , Sun Ning 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypotheses
The causes of schizophrenia remain unclear, and research has been hindered by the lack of quantifiable standards. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is addressing these challenges, revealing critical neurobiological details and emphasizing its importance in both evaluation and treatment.

Study Design
First, we reviewed the progress of research on structural MRI (sMRI), functional MRI (fMRI), multimodal/multiomics analysis, artificial intelligence, and neuromodulation in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) over the past 5 years. Second, we summarize the current state of schizophrenia research funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) to facilitate academic exchange and cooperation both domestically and internationally.

Study Results
sMRI has identified early neurodevelopmental biomarkers in FES patients, and fMRI has highlighted functional abnormalities across disease stages. Multimodal/multiomics analysis has revealed complex brain–neurobiology interactions. Neuromodulation techniques, which directly modulate neural activity in specific brain regions, offer promising long-term benefits for stabilizing conditions and enhancing patients’ quality of life. NSFC-funded analysis shows China is increasing its funding for schizophrenia research, though funding distribution remains uneven. The research focus has shifted from a single perspective on brain structure and function to multichannel, multimodal comprehensive analysis methods. This progress has driven the integration of machine learning-driven multiomics research, aiming to construct disease classification models, explore disease mechanisms, and guide treatment from multidimensional and interdisciplinary perspectives.

Conclusions
MRI technology has provided new perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia, especially the neurobiological foundations of the disease. Support from the NSFC provides a scientific and financial basis for future research and treatment, heralding scientific discoveries and technological innovations in this field and bringing hope to schizophrenia patients.