bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural network prediction of friction coefficients of rosemary leaves
Authors: Nematollahi Mohammad Amin , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the current study, the static friction coefficient (SFC) and dynamic friction coefficient (DFC) of rosemary leaves were predicted. In this regard, a wavelet‐based neural network (WNN) was proposed as a tool for mapping of the inputs including moisture content (3.7–23 d. b.%), contact surface (aluminum, rubber, glass, galvanized steel, and plywood), and sliding velocity (1.25–16.5 cm/s) and output data (friction coefficients of rosemary leaves) which were obtained as a result of laboratory activities. Also, 80% and 20% of the total data set were used for training and testing the WNN, respectively, while the statistical parameters for test data set of the proposed NN (MAPE = 6.1310%, RMSE = 0.0468, R2 = 0.956) were compared with those obtained from conventional NNs, such as multilayer perceptron (MLP) (MAPE = 4.1787%, RMSE = 0.0248, R2 = 0.968) and radial basis function (RBF) (MAPE = 10.0311%, RMSE = 0.0591, R2 = 0.831). The results indicated that the accuracy of the MLP NN was slightly better than that of the proposed WNN; however, the learning time of WNN was much less than the MLP NN. The high capability of the proposed NN in the prediction of the SFC and DFC of the rosemary leaves was demonstrated by our findings.Practical applicationsData on the frictional characteristics of agricultural products may be useful for the design of specific processing equipment, and laboratory measurements may also provide some interesting results that can guide designers. This study deals with the static friction coefficient (SFC) and dynamic friction coefficient (DFC) prediction of rosemary leaves with a view of performing predictive tools useful in the design of postharvest equipment. Rosemary has been widely cultivated as an aromatic and medicinal plant. The extracted essential oil from rosemary has several applications due to its chemical composition with beneficial properties. The prediction of friction coefficients is performed by a wavelet‐based neural network (WNN). The proposed NN has a multiresolution nature that enables accurate modeling and also fast training. The results showed that the proposed NN is a powerful tool to predict the friction coefficients of rosemary leaves.
Correlation and principal component analysis of physical properties of tender coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in relation to the development of trimming machine
Authors: Pandiselvam R. , Manikantan M. R. , Subhashree N. , Mathew A. C. , Balasubramanian D. , Shameena Beegum P. P. , Ramesh S. V. , Niral V. , Ranjini T. N. , Hebbar K. B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe physical properties such as tender coconut size, weight, husk thickness, and husk moisture tender content play a vital role in the development of an efficient and ergonomic trimming machine. The important physical properties of tender coconuts of cultivars namely Kulasekaran Green Dwarf (KGD), Andaman Giant Tall (AGT), Ganga Bondam (GB), Malayan Orange Dwarf (MOD), and Chowghat Orange Dwarf (COD) were determined. The important properties including weight, diameter, height, husk thickness, husk moisture content, shell diameter, shell height, and shell thickness were high for nuts of AGT and low for COD nuts. The average bulk density, true density, and porosity of AGT were 332.47 kg·m−3, 1,196.67 kg·m−3, and 72.21%, respectively. The husk weight and volume of water of AGT were 87.77% and 12.39% high, respectively, compared with COD. In the correlation study, the coconut weight correlated positively (r = 0.791) with the diameter and vertical distance between the shell and the fruit base (r = 0.813). The principal component analysis suggested that the cultivars GB, KGD, and MOD have similar physical properties to COD and AGT. Thus, the present investigation documents crucial basic information to design an efficient and superior tender coconut trimming machine.Practical ApplicationsTransportation of intact tender coconut is difficult, and thus a manually trimmed tender coconut shape of a cylindrical side with a conical top has gained more importance among the domestic and international consumers owing to its fresh and natural taste and attractive shape. The high transportation cost of tender coconut, shortage of manpower to trim the tender coconut, and the high production cost to make the shape of the cylindrical side with a conical top have created an urgent need for the development of trimming machines. The physical properties of tender coconut and its correlation studies are very important for the designing and development of a trimming machine.
Phrenic nerve involvement and respiratory muscle weakness in patients with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease 1A
Authors: Spiesshoefer Jens , Henke Carolin , Kabitz Hans‐Joachim , Akova‐Oeztuerk Esra , Draeger Bianca , Herkenrath Simon , Randerath Winfried , Young Peter , Brix Tobias , Boentert Matthias 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDiaphragm weakness in Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease 1A (CMT1A) is usually associated with severe disease manifestation. This study comprehensively investigated phrenic nerve conductivity, inspiratory and expiratory muscle function in ambulatory CMT1A patients. Nineteen adults with CMT1A (13 females, 47 ± 12 years) underwent spiromanometry, diaphragm ultrasound, and magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves and the lower thoracic nerve roots, with recording of diaphragm compound muscle action potentials (dCMAP, n = 15), transdiaphragmatic and gastric pressures (twPdi and twPgas, n = 12). Diaphragm motor evoked potentials (dMEP, n = 15) were recorded following cortical magnetic stimulation. Patients had not been selected for respiratory complaints. Disease severity was assessed using the CMT Neuropathy Scale version 2 (CMT‐NSv2). Healthy control subjects were matched for age, sex, and body mass index. The following parameters were significantly lower in CMT1A patients than in controls (all P < .05): forced vital capacity (91 ± 16 vs 110 ± 15% predicted), maximum inspiratory pressure (68 ± 22 vs 88 ± 29 cmH2O), maximum expiratory pressure (91 ± 23 vs 123 ± 24 cmH2O), and peak cough flow (377 ± 135 vs 492 ± 130 L/min). In CMT1A patients, dMEP and dCMAP were delayed. Patients vs controls showed lower diaphragm excursion (5 ± 2 vs 8 ± 2 cm), diaphragm thickening ratio (DTR, 1.9 [1.6‐2.2] vs 2.5 [2.1‐3.1]), and twPdi (8 ± 6 vs 19 ± 7 cmH2O; all P < .05). DTR inversely correlated with the CMT‐NSv2 score (r = −.59, P = .02). There was no group difference in twPgas following abdominal muscle stimulation. Ambulatory CMT1A patients may show phrenic nerve involvement and reduced respiratory muscle strength. Respiratory muscle weakness can be attributed to diaphragm dysfunction alone. It relates to neurological impairment and likely reflects a disease continuum.
Association between socioeconomic status and small‐for‐gestational‐age in Japan: A single center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hayashi Ikuyo , Takakura Kenji , Yamaguchi Ken , Sumitomo Masahiro , Suzuki Maki , Sumitomo Aya , Minato Satomi , Nose Yoko , Nagai Narumi , Sakane Naoki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimSmall‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) status has negative health consequences in neonates and later life. Low socioeconomic status (SES) is a reported risk factor for adverse birth outcomes, such as SGA and preterm birth (PTB). The present study investigated whether maternal SES is associated with adverse outcomes in Japanese pregnant women.MethodsRetrospective data were collected for 1970 Japanese women with singleton pregnancies who delivered between January 2007 and December 2011 at a single center: low SES group (n = 197); and controls (n = 1773). Low SES was defined according to the criteria of the Japanese pregnant‐childbirth hospitalization support policy system.ResultsThe low SES group included a significantly higher proportion of young women, women with single marital status, greater parity, pre‐pregnancy smoking and a lack of regular employment (P < 0.001, respectively). The crude odds ratio (OR) for the association between low maternal SES and SGA was 1.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–2.82, P = 0.010). After adjustment for baseline maternal age, parity, body mass index, smoking and gestational weight gain, the adjusted OR for the association between low maternal SES and SGA was 1.92 (95% CI 1.17–3.17, P = 0.010). No significant association was found between maternal SES and PTB.ConclusionThe present results suggest that low maternal SES is associated with SGA births in the Japanese population. Mitigation of low maternal SES could be urgent public health to prevent disadvantage birth outcome.
Influence of maternal and placental factors on newborn body composition
Authors: Dissanayake Hasthi U , Anderson Lyndal , McMullan Rowena L , Caterson Ian D , Hyett Jon A , Phang Melinda , Raynes‐Greenow Camille , Polson Jaimie W , Skilton Michael R , Gordon Adrienne 
Published: August 2019

AimThe objective of this study was to assess whether maternal characteristics, placental size or histological chorioamnionitis was associated with newborn body composition. Furthermore, we sought to determine whether placental weight may mediate the association between maternal pre‐pregnancy weight and age with newborn body composition.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia. This study included 136 healthy, singleton, term‐born newborns. Recruitment was stratified by newborn body fat percentiles (gender and gestational adjusted). Body fat was assessed by air displacement plethysmography. Placental examination was conducted by an anatomical pathologist. Maternal (chorioamnionitis) and fetal (chorionic and umbilical vasculitis, funisitis) inflammatory responses were classified according to Redline criteria.ResultsMaternal pre‐pregnancy weight, parity, labour, placental weight and surface area were associated with newborn fat mass and fat‐free mass. Gestational diabetes and maternal age were associated with newborn fat mass but not fat‐free mass. There was no association between histological chorioamnionitis and newborn body composition; however, spontaneous onset of labour was strongly associated with the presence of histological chorioamnionitis. Only 25–31% of the association of maternal weight and age with newborn fat mass was mediated via the placenta.ConclusionsMaternal factors associated with newborn fat mass and fat‐free mass differed, indicating that different mechanisms control fat mass and fat‐free mass. Our mediation analysis suggests that placental weight partly mediates the association of maternal factors with newborn body composition. Histological chorioamnionitis was not associated with newborn body composition.
A phylogenomic perspective on diversity, hybridization and evolutionary affinities in the stickleback genusPungitius
Authors: Guo Baocheng , Fang Bohao , Shikano Takahito , Momigliano Paolo , Wang Cui , Kravchenko Alexandra , Merilä Juha 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHybridization and convergent evolution are phenomena of broad interest in evolutionary biology, but their occurrence poses challenges for reconstructing evolutionary affinities among affected taxa. Sticklebacks in the genusPungitiusare a case in point: evolutionary relationships and taxonomic validity of different species and populations in this circumpolarly distributed species complex remain contentious due to convergent evolution of traits regarded as diagnostic in their taxonomy, and possibly also due to frequent hybridization among taxa. To clarify the evolutionary relationships among differentPungitiusspecies and populations globally, as well as to study the prevalence and extent of introgression among recognized species, genomic data sets of both reference genome‐anchored single nucleotide polymorphisms and de novo assembled RAD‐tag loci were constructed with RAD‐seq data. Both data sets yielded topologically identical and well‐supported species trees. Incongruence between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA‐based trees was found and suggested possibly frequent hybridization and mitogenome capture during the evolution ofPungitiussticklebacks. Further analyses revealed evidence for frequent nuclear genetic introgression amongPungitiusspecies, although the estimated proportions of autosomal introgression were low. Apart from providing evidence for frequent hybridization, the results challenge earlier mitochondrial and morphology‐based hypotheses regarding the number of species and their affinities in this genus: at least seven extant species can be recognized on the basis of genetic data. The results also shed new light on the biogeographical history of thePungitius‐complex, including suggestion of several trans‐Arctic invasions of Europe from the Northern Pacific. The well‐resolved phylogeny should facilitate the utility of this genus as a model system for future comparative evolutionary studies.
Involvement of a PadR regulator PrhP on virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum by controlling detoxification of phenolic acids and type III secretion system
Authors: Zhang Yong , Zhang Weiqi , Han Liangliang , Li Jing , Shi Xiaojun , Hikichi Yasufumi , Ohnishi Kouhei 
Published: August 2019

SummaryRalstonia solanacearum can metabolize ferulic acid (FA) and salicylic acid (SA), two representative phenolic acids, to protect it from toxicity of phenolic acids. Here, we genetically demonstrated a novel phenolic acid decarboxylase regulator (PadR)‐like regulator PrhP as a positive regulator on detoxification of SA and FA in R. solanacearum. Although the ability to degrade SA and FA enhances the infection process of R. solanacearum toward host plants, PrhP greatly contributes to the infection process besides degradation of SA and FA. Our results from the growth assay, promoter activity assay, RNA‐seq and qRT‐PCR revealed that PrhP plays multiple roles in the virulence of R. solanacearum: (1) positively regulates expression of genes for degradation of SA and FA; (2) positively regulates expression of genes encoding type III secretion system (T3SS) and type III effectors both in vitro and in planta; (3) positively regulates expression of many virulence‐related genes, such as the flagella, type IV pili and cell wall degradation enzymes; and (4) is important for the extensive proliferation in planta. The T3SS is one of the essential pathogenicity determinants in many pathogenic bacteria, and PrhP positively regulates its expression mediated with the key regulator HrpB but through some novel pathway to HrpB in R. solanacearum. This is the first report on PadR regulators to regulate the T3SS and it could improve our understanding of the various biological functions of PadR regulators and the complex regulatory pathway on T3SS in R. solanacearum.
Telephone nurses’ use of a decision support system: An observational study
Authors: Holmström Inger K. , Gustafsson Susan , Wesström Josefin , Skoglund Karin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTelephone nurses give advice and support and make assessments based on verbal communication only. Web‐based decision support systems are often used to increase patient safety and make medically correct assessments. The aim of the present this study was to describe factors affecting the use of a decision support system and experiences with this system among telephone nurses in Swedish primary health care. Observations and semistructured interviews were conducted. Six registered nurses with at least 1 year of experience of telephone nursing participated. Field notes and interviews were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. The main findings of the present this study were factors that decrease the decision support system use or promote deviation from decision support system use, factors that are positive for decision support system use and the decision support system complicates the work. Underuse and deviations from decision support systems can be a safety risk, because decisions are based on too little information. Further research with observations of telephone nurses’ use of decision support systems is needed to develop both telephone nursing and decision support systems.
Polyploidy promotes species diversification of Allium through ecological shifts
Authors: Han Ting‐Shen , Zheng Quan‐Jing , Onstein Renske E. , Rojas‐Andrés Blanca M. , Hauenschild Frank , Muellner‐Riehl Alexandra N. , Xing Yao‐Wu 
Published: August 2019

Summary

Despite the role of polyploidy in multiple evolutionary processes, its impact on plant diversification remains controversial. An increased polyploid frequency may facilitate speciation through shifts in ecology, morphology or both. Here we used Allium to evaluate: (1) the relationship between intraspecific polyploid frequency and species diversification rate; and (2) whether this process is associated with habitat and/or trait shifts.

Using eight plastid and nuclear ribosomal markers, we built a phylogeny of 448 Allium species, representing 46% of the total. We quantified intraspecific ploidy diversity, heterogeneity in diversification rates and their relationship along the phylogeny using trait‐dependent diversification models. Finally, we evaluated the association between polyploidisation and habitat or trait shifts.

We detected high ploidy diversity in Allium and a polyploidy‐related diversification rate shift with a probability of 95% in East Asia. Allium lineages with high polyploid frequencies had higher species diversification rates than those of diploids or lineages with lower polyploid frequencies. Shifts in speciation rates were strongly correlated with habitat shifts linked to particular soil conditions; 81.7% of edaphic variation could be explained by polyploidisation.

Our study emphasises the role of intraspecific polyploid frequency combined with ecological drivers on Allium diversification, which may explain plant radiations more generally.
A copula‐based index for drought analysis in arid and semi‐arid regions of Iran
Authors: Bazrafshan Ommolbanin , Zamani Hossein , Shekari Marzieh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe copula functions are frequently used by researchers for modeling dependence structure among the correlated attributes in many areas. The copulas are widely used for the analysis of drought frequency, drought characteristics, drought coincidence risk, uncertainty, and drought forecasting. In this research, we have compared two indices of drought assessment, including SPI‐12 and copula‐based joint deficit index (JDI). In this regard, the drought characteristics, including the severity, duration, and drought frequency have been studied in 25 synoptic stations of Iran during the 1968–2014. The results showed that, unlike JDI, the SPI‐12 is not able to estimate the drought peak during the critical and extreme condition. Although JDI has identified a severe and extreme drought during the pervasive drought, the SPI‐12 estimated a normal condition. The results show that JDI accurately estimates the drought frequency, but the SPI‐12 provided an unexpected estimation is some stations. In addition, the MannKendal trend test for drought characteristics represents that JDI accurately estimates the expected trend (an increasing trend) whereas the SPI‐12 exhibits no significant trend in most stations. Finally, JDI provides a comprehensive assessment of drought for decision‐makers and natural managers.
Myasthenia gravis and specific immunotherapy: monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Cai Xiao‐Jun , Li Zai‐Wang , Xi Jian‐Ying , Song Hui‐Zhu , Liu Jue , Zhu Wen‐Hua , Guo Yi , Jiao Zheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMyasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired autoimmune disease affecting the postsynaptic membrane of neuromuscular junctions and characterized by antibody‐mediated T cell dependence and complement involvement. Cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., pyridostigmine bromide), glucocorticoids, and azathioprine are currently recommended as first‐line treatments for MG, though they have limitations, including potential toxicity and ineffectiveness in patients with refractory MG. In recent years, owing to an increasing understanding of MG pathogenesis the development and execution of clinical trials with novel biologics, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that have demonstrated higher safety and more specificity, provide new opportunities for the treatment of MG. In this article, we review recent advances in MG pathogenesis and the mAbs that have been used for target‐specific MG therapy.
Incretins in obesity and diabetes
Authors: Chia Chee W. , Egan Josephine M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIncretins are hormones secreted from enteroendocrine cells after nutrient intake that stimulate insulin secretion from β cells in a glucose‐dependent manner. Glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) are the only two known incretins. Dysregulation of incretin secretion and actions are noted in diseases such as obesity and diabetes. In this review, we first summarize our traditional understanding of the physiology of GIP and GLP‐1, and our current knowledge of the relationships between GIP and GLP‐1 and obesity and diabetes. Next, we present the results from major randomized controlled trials on the use of GLP‐1 receptor agonists for managing type 2 diabetes, and emerging data on treating obesity and prediabetes. We conclude with a glimpse of the future with possible complex interactions between nutrients, gut microbiota, the endocannabinoid system, and enteroendocrine cells.
Anti‐inflammatory effect of paeoniflorin combined with baicalin in oral inflammatory diseases
Authors: Yu Feiyan , Xu Na , Zhou Yu , Li Baoyin , Li Miao , Wang Qianqian , Yang Xi , Ge Xuejun , Zhang Fang , Ren Xiuyun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThere are challenges in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases of oral mucosa. Both paeoniflorin (PF) and baicalin (BAI) exert anti‐inflammatory effects, but the mechanism underlying their combined effects is still unclear. Here, we explored the anti‐inflammatory function of the PF‐BAI combination in the oral inflammatory response.Materials and MethodsThe CCK‐8 assay was used to determine the proliferative capacity of HOKs with PF and BAI. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent (ELISA), Western blotting, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and confocal immunofluorescence were performed to study the anti‐inflammatory effects of PF‐BAI in LPS‐stimulated human oral keratinocytes (HOKs). Immunohistochemistry and ELISA were performed to detect the levels of NF‐κB p65, IKKα and IL‐6, TNF‐α in OLP and healthy tissues.ResultsCompared to PF or BAI alone, the combination of PF‐BAI at 5 µg/ml downregulated secretion of inflammatory cytokines more effectively (p < .05). Combined PF‐BAI decreased NF‐κB p65 and IκBα protein phosphorylation, leading to reduce nuclear translocation of NF‐κB p65. Higher expression of TNF‐α, IL‐6, NF‐κB p65, and IKKα were observed in OLP than in HC tissues (p < .01).ConclusionThe optimal combination concentration of PF and BAI at 5 µg/ml may have a positive effect on the treatment of oral inflammatory diseases, providing a novel therapeutic approach.