bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ‘J’ Word
Authors: Vandenhole Wouter 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the controversial extra-territorial jurisdiction of human rights courts, arguing that human rights law should accept extraterritorial obligations. This argument relies on two submissions. First, reality indicates that states frequently engage in extraterritorial conduct, or take measures with extraterritorial effects, which can have a negative impact on human rights outside of these states’ borders. Second, human rights law must be able to reflect reality, that is to say, it must be able to engage with extra-territorial conduct or effects. The chapter then addresses the question of which rights-holders a State Party has obligations. It may be said that jurisdiction has rather been a spoiler of change than a game-changer in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)
Conceptions of State Jurisdiction in the Jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice and the Permanent Court of International Justice
Authors: Costelloe Daniel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter traces the manner in which the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) and the Jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) have understood and applied notions of state jurisdiction in response to a variety of legal issues in international dispute settlement. These have notably included the so-called ‘reserved domain’ of domestic jurisdiction, which certain states have invoked in an effort to challenge the jurisdiction of an international court or tribunal or the admissibility of claims. They have also included the foundational question, invariably associated with the PCIJ’s judgment in the case concerning the SS Lotus, whether a state must invoke a permissive rule before it may lawfully territorial adjudicatory jurisdiction. Finally, these issues have involved international legal limitations on the exercise of such jurisdiction in the context of state immunity.
Human Rights
Authors: Hannum Hurst 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on human rights in Asia and the Pacific. On the level of purely legal commitments, the great majority of Asian and Pacific states have ratified both of the two major UN human rights treaties, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is the most developed of the sub-regional organizations with respect to human rights, although that development has been fairly recent and, to date, relatively minimal. However, attempts to characterize or distinguish different approaches to human rights in Asia frequently include reference to a number of arguments put forward to justify Asian exceptionalism in this field. Perhaps the most widely asserted argument contends that ‘Asian values’ are different from the Western values that animate today’s international human rights norms.
International Humanitarian Law and International Criminal Law
Authors: Linton Suzannah 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter assesses the approaches of Asia-Pacific states to international humanitarian law (IHL) and international criminal law (ICL), within the context of the international legal framework. It first addresses influential approaches in the region, including how states present themselves in relation to IHL and ICL issues. Next, it considers how regional states engage with the issue of responsibility in international law, with an emphasis on IHL and ICL. The chapter then examines acceptance of these two bodies of law, arguing that there is no hostility to the basic norms of IHL, but a more unsettled approach to ICL. There is a definite chill in respect of aspects that potentially encroach on independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity, or that smack of Western neo-colonialism. These are of course subjectively evaluated by each state. In practical terms, this frostiness can be seen in the responses to external threats of accountability against political leaders, the exercise of universal jurisdiction, Security Council referrals to the International Criminal Court, Pillar Three of the R2P doctrine, the crime of aggression, and certain formulations of other international crimes (for example, war crimes in non-international armed conflict). However, even within these broad regional trends, there is no uniformity. There is decidedly no collective ‘Asia-Pacific approach’ that emerges from the present chapter.
International Environmental Law
Authors: Boer Ben 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter addresses the development and implementation of international and regional instruments and policies concerning the environment and natural resources across the sub-regions of the Asia-Pacific, in the context of the continuing debate on the need to promote ecological sustainability globally. Many of these instruments and policies began to shape national environmental law responses in the region from the 1970s. Two recent and highly significant instruments are the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the Sustainable Development Goals, both agreed in 2015. The chapter then examines the functions of the more important regional environmentally oriented institutions, together with their associated legal frameworks and soft law instruments, for each of the Asia-Pacific’s sub-regions. It also focuses on the increasing international, regional, and national trend of recognizing the links between environmental law and human rights, and specifically the promotion of the right to a safe, clean, healthy, and sustainable environment.
International Dispute Settlement
Authors: Owada Hisashi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter studies Asian participation in international dispute settlement, revealing three thematic characteristics of the region. The first is the diversity of state practice within Asia. Intersecting this sub-regional diversity is the diversity of approaches within any given state towards different areas of concern. Thus, participation in international dispute settlement varies not only according to sub-region, but also according to the area of law. The second characteristic is that Asian states on the whole are generally quite willing to substantively engage with international dispute resolution. Finally, notwithstanding the above, the third characteristic is that there remains in Asia a cautious hesitation towards open commitments to international dispute-resolution mechanisms. The most glaring omission is that of any regional dispute settlement body. Whereas Africa, Europe, and Latin America all have regional human rights courts and sub-regional courts of different varieties, only the Central Asian states participate in any standing regional court.
China
Authors: Zhaojie Li 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses international law in China. Although the teaching, research, and dissemination of international law have become part of China’s steady efforts to achieve its aspirations for national rejuvenation, early Chinese experience with international law still remains a key to understanding China’s present attitude towards international law. Indeed, the perennial concern with its status, security, and territorial integrity, as shaped by its historical legacies, still overshadows China’s legal behaviour in the conduct of its foreign relations. Today, with its rise to world great-power status, China is depicted as a stakeholder in the present international system. China has been playing a constructive role in international and regional issues and has made significant contributions to world peace and development. In the inquiry into China’s attitude towards international law, one area which China attempts to draw attention to is the importance of the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence.
South Korea
Authors: Lee Seokwoo , Lee Hee Eun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter evaluates international law in South Korea. The tumultuous experiences of the Korean nation in the twentieth century, within the context of international relations in Northeast Asia, has had a significant impact on South Korea’s attitude towards and practice of public international law. Joseon, as Korea was referred to in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, was confronted with public international law introduced by Western imperial states that challenged the existing ‘Sinocentric’ normative system. Eventually, the devolution of the Sinocentric order led to the demise of Joseon, despite appeals to state sovereignty under public international law in the face of Japanese imperialism. This inevitably set the stage for the creation of the modern South Korean state. South Korea today is an active participant in the international legal system, in large part due to its vibrant export-oriented economy, its status as an Asian middle power, as well as its emergence as a robust democracy.
The Philippines
Authors: Bagares Romel Regalado 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter assesses international law in the Philippines. The primary entry points of international law in Philippine jurisdiction are the Incorporation Clause and the Treaty Clause of the 1987 Charter. The chapter considers the paradoxical phenomenon of the supposedly dualist device of treaties opening a quasi-monist door to international legal obligations in the form of executive agreements that do not require the concurrence of the Senate but become binding on the Philippines by Executive imprimatur. Moreover, as quasi-monist devices, executive agreements function both as a sword, giving direct effect to international law—especially in the protection of rights—and as a shield, raising barriers to public or international accountability according to political considerations. The four other entry points for international law in Philippine practice include the direct effect by the Supreme Court’s rule-making powers, constitutionalization, statutory application, and international law in the State of Exception.
Migrant shoes and forced walking in children’s literature about refugees: Material testimony and embodied simulation
Authors: Arizpe Evelyn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIncreasing numbers of children’s books on the topic of refugees are appearing in publishers’ catalogues around the world, raising awareness of diverse contexts of forced migration and of the hardships faced by children and their families in this situation. Yet, few studies have analysed in depth how aesthetic and literary strategies work to engage readers with the refugee experience in these well-intentioned attempts. Drawing on a corpus of refugee texts which draw attention to the material, the corporeal and the symbolic aspects of shoes and forced walking, in this article, I look at materiality and mobility (or immobility) and analyse how text and image create three main points of connection between the narrative and the reader: appropriate footwear; physical discomfort/pain and what I have termed as ‘the chronotope of forced migration’. I discuss how calling attention to these connections is used as a strategy to create an ‘embodied simulation’ (Bergen 2016) which encourages readers to ‘walk in refugee shoes’ and adopt a more empathetic stance. Examining these strategies shows how it is possible to engender an understanding of the refugee situation through text and/or image in ways that allow a level of emotional engagement even when young readers have not experienced these circumstances directly. Understanding how these aesthetic and literacy strategies work can help to support the claims made for the role of children’s literature in fostering empathy as well as the pedagogical use of this literature by teachers and other professionals.
The chemical composition of HIP 34407/HIP 34426 and other twin-star comoving pairs
Authors: Ramírez I , Khanal S , Lichon S J , Chanamé J , Endl M , Meléndez J , Lambert D L 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We conducted a high-precision elemental abundance analysis of the twin-star comoving pair HIP 34407/HIP 34426. With mean error of 0.013 dex in the differential abundances (Δ[X/H]), a significant difference was found: HIP 34407 is more metal rich than HIP 34426. The elemental abundance differences correlate strongly with condensation temperature, with the lowest for the volatile elements like carbon around 0.05 ± 0.02 dex, and the highest up to about 0.22 ± 0.01 dex for the most refractory elements like aluminium. Dissimilar chemical composition for stars in twin-star comoving pairs is not uncommon, thus we compile previously published results like ours and look for correlations between abundance differences and stellar parameters, finding no significant trends with average effective temperature, surface gravity, iron abundance, or their differences. Instead, we found a weak correlation between the absolute value of abundance difference and the projected distance between the stars in each pair that appears to be more important for elements that have a low absolute abundance. If confirmed, this correlation could be an important observational constraint for binary star system formation scenarios.
Testing for directionality in the Planck polarization and lensing data
Authors: Ghrear Majd , Bunn Emory F , Contreras Dagoberto , Scott Douglas 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
In order to better analyse the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), which is dominated by emission from our Galaxy, we need tools that can detect residual foregrounds in cleaned CMB maps. Galactic foregrounds introduce statistical anisotropy and directionality to the polarization pseudo-vectors of the CMB, which can be investigated by using the $\mathcal {D}$ statistic of Bunn and Scott. This statistic is rapidly computable and capable of investigating a broad range of data products for directionality. We demonstrate the application of this statistic to detecting foregrounds in polarization maps by analysing the uncleaned Planck 2018 frequency maps. For the Planck 2018 CMB maps, we find no evidence for residual foreground contamination. In order to examine the sensitivity of the $\mathcal {D}$ statistic, we add a varying fraction of the polarized thermal dust and synchrotron foreground maps to the CMB maps and show the per cent-level foreground contamination that would be detected with 95 per cent confidence. We also demonstrate application of the $\mathcal {D}$ statistic to another data product by analysing the gradient of the minimum-variance CMB lensing potential map (i.e. the deflection angle) for directionality. We find no excess directionality in the lensing potential map when compared to the simulations provided by the Planck Collaboration.
A likely inclination dependence in the non-linear variability of quasi-periodic oscillations from black hole binaries
Authors: Arur K , Maccarone T J 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a systematic analysis of the effects of orbital inclination angle on the non-linear variability properties of type-B and type-C quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) from black hole binaries. We use the bicoherence, a measure of phase coupling at different Fourier frequencies for our analysis. We find that there is a likely inclination-dependent change in the non-linear properties of type-C QPOs as the source transitions from a hard intermediate state to a soft intermediate state. High inclination (edge-on) sources show a change from a ‘web’ to a ‘cross’ pattern, while the low inclination (face-on) sources show a change from a ‘web’ to a ‘hypotenuse’ pattern. We present a scenario of a moderate increase in the optical depth of the Comptonizing region as a possible explanation of these effects. The bicoherence of type-B QPOs do not exhibit any measurable inclination dependence.
A catalogue of stellar diameters and fluxes for mid-infrared interferometry★
Authors: Cruzalèbes P , Petrov R G , Robbe-Dubois S , Varga J , Burtscher L , Allouche F , Berio P , Hofmann K-H , Hron J , Jaffe W , Lagarde S , Lopez B , Matter A , Meilland A , Meisenheimer K , Millour F , Schertl D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present the Mid-infrared stellar Diameters and Fluxes compilation Catalogue (MDFC) dedicated to long-baseline interferometry at mid-infrared wavelengths (3–13 $\mu$m). It gathers data for half a million stars, i.e. nearly all the stars of the Hipparcos-Tycho catalogue whose spectral type is reported in the SIMBAD data base. We cross-match 26 data bases to provide basic information, binarity elements, angular diameter, magnitude and flux in the near and mid-infrared, as well as flags that allow us to identify the potential calibrators. The catalogue covers the entire sky with 465 857 stars, mainly dwarfs and giants from B to M spectral types closer than 18 kpc. The smallest reported values reach 0.16 $\mu$Jy in L and 0.1 $\mu$Jy in N for the flux, and 2 microarcsec for the angular diameter. We build four lists of calibrator candidates for the L and Nbands suitable with the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) sub- and main arrays using the MATISSE instrument. We identify 1621 candidates for L and 44 candidates for N with the Auxiliary Telescopes (ATs), 375 candidates for both bands with the ATs, and 259 candidates for both bands with the Unit Telescopes (UTs). Predominantly cool giants, these sources are small and bright enough to belong to the primary lists of calibrator candidates. In the near future, we plan to measure their angular diameter with 1 per cent accuracy.
How drag force evolves in global common envelope simulations
Authors: Chamandy Luke , Blackman Eric G , Frank Adam , Carroll-Nellenback Jonathan , Zou Yangyuxin , Tu Yisheng 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We compute the forces, torque, and rate of work on the companion-core binary due to drag in global simulations of common envelope (CE) evolution for three different companion masses. Our simulations help to delineate regimes when conventional analytic drag force approximations are applicable. During and just prior to the first periastron passage of the in-spiral phase, the drag force is reasonably approximated by conventional analytic theory and peaks at values proportional to the companion mass. Good agreement between global and local 3D ‘wind tunnel’ simulations, including similar net drag force and flow pattern, is obtained for comparable regions of parameter space. However, subsequent to the first periastron passage, the drag force is up to an order of magnitude smaller than theoretical predictions, quasi-steady, and depends only weakly on companion mass. The discrepancy is exacerbated for larger companion mass and when the inter-particle separation reduces to the Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton accretion radius, creating a turbulent thermalized region. Greater flow symmetry during this phase leads to near balance of opposing gravitational forces in front of and behind the companion, hence a small net drag. The reduced drag force at late times helps explain why companion-core separations necessary for envelope ejection are not reached by the end of limited duration CE simulations.
SDSS J0159 as an outlier in the MBH–σ space: further clues to support a central tidal disruption event?
Authors: Zhang Xue-Guang , Bao Min , Yuan QiRong 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
In this Letter, properties of black hole (BH) mass are well checked for the interesting object SDSS J0159, a changing-look active galactic nuclei and also a host galaxy of a tidal disruption event (TDE). Through spectral absorption features, the stellar velocity dispersion of SDSS J0159 can be well measured as $\sigma \sim 81~{\rm km\, s}^{-1}$, leading to SDSS J0159 being an apparent outlier in the MBH–σ space, because of the BH mass estimated through the MBH–σ relation about two magnitudes lower than the reported virial BH mass of about 108 M⊙. After considerations of contributions of stellar debris from the central TDE to broad line emission clouds, the overestimated virial BH mass could be well explained in SDSS J0159. Therefore, overestimated virial BH masses through broad-line properties in the MBH–σ space could be treated as interesting clues to support central TDEs.
You Will Never Walk Alone: Codispersal of JC Polyomavirus with Human Populations
Authors: Forni Diego , Cagliani Rachele , Clerici Mario , Pozzoli Uberto , Sironi Manuela 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is one of the most prevalent human viruses. Findings based on the geographic distribution of viral subtypes suggested that JCPyV codiverged with human populations. This view was however challenged by data reporting a much more recent origin and expansion of JCPyV. We collected information on ∼1,100 worldwide strains and we show that their geographic distribution roughly corresponds to major human migratory routes. Bayesian phylogeographic analysis inferred a Subsaharan origin for JCPyV, although with low posterior probability. High confidence inference at internal nodes provided strong support for a long-standing association between the virus and human populations. In line with these data, pairwise FST values for JCPyV and human mtDNA sampled from the same areas showed a positive and significant correlation. Likewise, very strong relationships were found when node ages in the JCPyV phylogeny were correlated with human population genetic distances (nuclear-marker based FST). Reconciliation analysis detected a significant cophylogenetic signal for the human population and JCPyV trees. Notably, JCPyV also traced some relatively recent migration events such as the expansion of people from the Philippines/Taiwan area into Remote Oceania, the gene flow between North-Eastern Siberian and Ainus, and the Koryak contribution to Circum-Arctic Americans. Finally, different molecular dating approaches dated the origin of JCPyV in a time frame that precedes human out-of-Africa migration. Thus, JCPyV infected early human populations and accompanied our species during worldwide dispersal. JCPyV typing can provide reliable geographic information and the virus most likely adapted to the genetic background of human populations.
Chromatin Assembly Factor 1 (CAF-1) facilitates the establishment of facultative heterochromatin during pluripotency exit
Authors: Cheng Liang , Zhang Xu , Wang Yan , Gan Haiyun , Xu Xiaowei , Lv Xiangdong , Hua Xu , Que Jianwen , Ordog Tamas , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Establishment and subsequent maintenance of distinct chromatin domains during embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation are crucial for lineage specification and cell fate determination. Here we show that the histone chaperone Chromatin Assembly Factor 1 (CAF-1), which is recruited to DNA replication forks through its interaction with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) for nucleosome assembly, participates in the establishment of H3K27me3-mediated silencing during differentiation. Deletion of CAF-1 p150 subunit impairs the silencing of many genes including Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog as well as the establishment of H3K27me3 at these gene promoters during ESC differentiation. Mutations of PCNA residues involved in recruiting CAF-1 to the chromatin also result in defects in differentiation in vitro and impair early embryonic development as p150 deletion. Together, these results reveal that the CAF-1-PCNA nucleosome assembly pathway plays an important role in the establishment of H3K27me3-mediated silencing during cell fate determination.