bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐stranded DNA structural diversity: TAGGGT from monomers to dimers to tetramer formation
Authors: Porter Jacob E. , Chapagain Prem , Fernandez‐Lima Francisco 
Published: December 2018

RationaleDNA quadruplex structures have emerged as novel drug targets due to their role in preventing abnormal gene transcription and maintaining telomere stability. Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry–Mass Spectrometry (TIMS–MS), combined with theoretical modeling, is a powerful tool for studying the kinetic intermediates of DNA complexes formed in solution and interrogated in the gas phase after desolvation.MethodsA TAGGGT ssDNA sequence was purchased and studied in 10 mM ammonium acetate using nanospray electrospray ionization (nESI)‐TIMS‐MS in positive and negative ion mode. Collisional cross section (CCS) profiles were measured using internal calibration (Tune Mix). Theoretical structures were proposed based on molecular dynamics, charge location and geometry optimization for the most intense IMS bands based on the number of TAGGGT units, adduct form and charge states.ResultsA distribution of monomeric, dimeric and tetrameric TAGGGT structures were formed in solution and separated in the gas phase based on their mobility and m/z value (e.g., [M + 2H]+2, [2M + 3H]+3, [M – 2H]−2, [2M – 3H]−3, [4M + 4H]+4, [4M + 3H + NH4]+4, [4M + 2H + 2NH4]+4 and [4M + H + 3NH4]+4). The high mobility resolution of the TIMS‐MS analyzer permitted the observation of multiple CCS bands per molecular ion form. Comparison with theoretical candidate structures suggests that monomeric TAGGGT species are stabilized by A‐T and G+‐G interactions, with the size of the conformer influenced by the proton location. In the case of the TAGGGT quadruplex, the protonated species displayed a broad CCS distribution, while six discrete conformers were stabilized by the presence of ammonium ions (n = 1–3).ConclusionsThis is the first observation of multiple conformations of TAGGGT complexes (n = 1, 2 and 4) in 10 mM ammonium acetate. Candidate structures with intramolecular interactions of the form of G+‐G and traditional A‐T base pairing agreed with the experimental trends. Our results demonstrate the structural diversity of TAGGGT monomers, dimers and tetramers in the gas phase beyond the previously reported solution structure, using 10 mM ammonium acetate to replicate biological conditions.
An image recognition system aimed at search activities using cyber search and rescue dogs
Authors: Arnold Solvi , Ohno Kazunori , Hamada Ryunosuke , Yamazaki Kimitoshi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDisaster response presents major challenges for robotics and computer vision alike. The Cyber‐Enhanced Canine Suit is a suit equipped with a camera, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and various other sensors, to be worn by search and rescue (SAR) dogs for the purpose of enhancing SAR dog operations. This paper presents an image recognition system for use in disaster scenarios and its integration with the Cyber‐Enhanced Canine Suit platform. The system’s intended use is to spot personal items of missing individuals or other visual clues in video streams from various disaster response platforms. The system facilitates quick learning of targets from limited data and makes providing that data quick and easy. It also provides backtrack recognition functionality, to rapidly find novel targets in the seen footage. We evaluated the recognition system on footage gathered in the field, obtaining promising results. Integrated with the Cyber‐Enhanced Canine Suit, the system can automatically plot detections of search targets onto a map display, to provide operators with a quick overview of what was seen where.
Vision techniques for on‐board detection, following, and mapping of moving targets
Authors: Štěpán Petr , Krajník Tomáš , Petrlík Matěj , Saska Martin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study presents computer vision modules of a multi‐unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system, which scored gold, silver, and bronze medals at the Mohamed Bin Zayed International Robotics Challenge 2017. This autonomous system, which was running completely on board and in real time, had to address two complex tasks in challenging outdoor conditions. In the first task, an autonomous UAV had to find, track, and land on a human‐driven car moving at 15 km/hr on a figure‐eight‐shaped track. During the second task, a group of three UAVs had to find small colored objects in a wide area, pick them up, and deliver them into a specified drop‐off zone. The computer vision modules presented here achieved computationally efficient detection, accurate localization, robust velocity estimation, and reliable future position prediction of both the colored objects and the car. These properties had to be achieved in adverse outdoor environments with changing light conditions. Lighting varied from intense direct sunlight with sharp shadows cast over the objects by the UAV itself, to reduced visibility caused by overcast to dust and sand in the air. The results presented in this paper demonstrate good performance of the modules both during testing, which took place in the harsh desert environment of the central area of United Arab Emirates, as well as during the contest, which took place at a racing complex in the urban, near‐sea location of Abu Dhabi. The stability and reliability of these modules contributed to the overall result of the contest, where our multi‐UAV system outperformed teams from world’s leading robotic laboratories in two challenging scenarios.
Who Gets to Read What? Tracking, Instructional Practices, and Text Complexity for Middle School Struggling Readers
Authors: Northrop Laura , Kelly Sean 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, the authors used the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998–99 to examine the instructional time allocation and instructional practices in eighth‐grade English language arts classes for struggling readers, as measured by track level. The authors also analyze the titles and text complexity of the last three books assigned to students. The authors found that track level continues to be a significant predictor of what happens instructionally in the classroom. Struggling readers placed in low‐track classes spent a larger portion of class time on skills and strategy instruction, completing worksheets, watching videos, and reading aloud than students in grade‐level classes. Students in high‐track classes spent more time on literature analysis, comprehension instruction, and group projects and were more frequently assigned homework than students in grade‐level classes. Although there was considerable overlap in the text complexity and the text titles of books assigned at each track level, students in low‐track classes read less challenging texts than students in grade‐level or above‐grade‐level classes. Regression models controlling for a variety of student, teacher, and school variables, including student achievement, show that these adjustments in class time allocation, instructional practices, and text complexity go above and beyond what would be expected based on student achievement alone.
Isomery‐Dependent Miscibility Enables High‐Performance All‐Small‐Molecule Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Hao , Fan Haijun , Xu Shengjie , Ye Long , Guo Yuan , Yi Yuanping , Ade Harald , Zhu Xiaozhang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNonfullerene polymer solar cells develop quickly. However, nonfullerene small‐molecule solar cells (NF‐SMSCs) still show relatively inferior performance, attributing to the lack of comprehensive understanding of the structure–performance relationship. To address this issue, two isomeric small‐molecule acceptors, NBDTP‐Fout and NBDTP‐Fin, with varied oxygen position in the benzodi(thienopyran) (BDTP) core are designed and synthesized. When blended with molecular donor BDT3TR‐SF, devices based on the two isomeric acceptors show disparate photovoltaic performance. Fabricated with an eco‐friendly processing solvent (tetrahydrofuran), the BDT3TR‐SF:NBDTP‐Fout blend delivers a high power conversion efficiency of 11.2%, ranked to the top values reported to date, while the BDT3TR‐SF:NBDTP‐Fin blend almost shows no photovoltaic response (0.02%). With detailed investigations on inherent optoelectronic processes as well as morphological evolution, this performance disparity is correlated to the interfacial tension of the two combinations and concludes that proper interfacial tension is a key factor for effective phase separation, optimal blend morphology, and superior performance, which can be achieved by the “isomerization” design on molecular acceptors. This work reveals the importance of modulating the materials miscibility by interfacial‐tension‐oriented molecular design, which provides a general guideline toward efficient NF‐SMSCs.
Fluvial and aquatic applications of Structure from Motion photogrammetry and unmanned aerial vehicle/drone technology
Authors: Carrivick Jonathan L. , Smith Mark W. 
Published: December 2018

Structure from motion (SfM) has seen rapid uptake recently in the fluvial and aquatic sciences. This uptake is not least due to the widespread availability of cheap unmanned aerial vehicles/drones, which help mitigate the challenging terrain and deliver efficient and reproducible and high‐accuracy images and topographical data. These data can have unprecedented spatio‐temporal coverage and includes measurements of fluvial and aquatic topography, hydraulics, geomorphology and habitat quality. SfM data also offer novel quantification of underwater archeology, structures and aquatic organisms. Studies are shifting from proof‐of‐concepts in topographic survey to genuine applications including grain‐size mapping, bathymetric surveys, geomorphological mapping, vegetation mapping, restoration monitoring, habitat classification, geomorphological change detection and sediment transport path delineation. Integrating point cloud analyses and orthophoto mosaics with digital elevation models has been shown to be effective in providing novel process understanding of fluvial and aquatic systems. Underwater and through‐water studies are beginning to overcome problems of accessibility, visibility and image distortion. Archival photographs and video (both above‐ and under‐water) are being reprocessed using a SfM workflow to generate three‐dimensional surfaces and objects from historical surveys, thereby extending the time period over which change can be detected. Recently, a SfM workflow has been developed to model free water surfaces with clear potential for future exploitation in hydraulics, sediment transport and river bed evolution studies. Future applications of SfM could seek to exploit the daily repeat coverage of high‐resolution satellite images but must be mindful of the necessary investment in this development versus the increasing availability and coverage of spaceborne light detection and ranging.This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Methods
Science of Water > Methods
Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
The DDX5/Dbp2 subfamily of DEAD‐box RNA helicases
Authors: Xing Zheng , Ma Wai Kit , Tran Elizabeth J. 
Published: December 2018

The mammalian DEAD‐box RNA helicase DDX5, its paralog DDX17, and their orthologs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster, namely Dbp2 and Rm62, define a subfamily of DEAD‐box proteins. Members from this subfamily share highly conserved protein sequences and cellular functions. They are involved in multiple steps of RNA metabolism including mRNA processing, microRNA processing, ribosome biogenesis, RNA decay, and regulation of long noncoding RNA activities. The DDX5/Dbp2 subfamily is also implicated in transcription regulation, cellular signaling pathways, and energy metabolism. One emerging theme underlying the diverse cellular functions is that the DDX5/Dbp2 subfamily of DEAD‐box helicases act as chaperones for complexes formed by RNA molecules and proteins (RNP) in vivo. This RNP chaperone activity governs the functions of various RNA species through their lifetime. Importantly, mammalian DDX5 and DDX17 are involved in cancer progression when overexpressed through alteration of transcription and signaling pathways, meaning that they are possible targets for cancer therapy.This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
Indirectly Free Actions, Libertarianism, and Resultant Moral Luck
Authors: Hartman Robert J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMartin Luther affirms his theological position by saying “Here I stand. I can do no other.” Supposing that Luther’s claim is true, he lacks alternative possibilities at the moment of choice. Even so, many libertarians have the intuition that he is morally responsible for his action. One way to make sense of this intuition is to assert that Luther’s action is indirectly free, because his action inherits its freedom and moral responsibility from earlier actions when he had alternative possibilities and those earlier directly free actions formed him into the kind of person who must refrain from recanting. Surprisingly, libertarians have not developed a full account of indirectly free actions. I provide a more developed account. First, I explain the metaphysical nature of indirectly free actions such as Luther’s. Second, I examine the kind of metaphysical and epistemic connections that must occur between past directly free actions and the indirectly free action. Third, I argue that an attractive way to understand the kind of derivative moral responsibility at issue involves affirming the existence of resultant moral luck.
A framework of blockchain-based secure and privacy-preserving E-government system
Authors: Elisa Noe , Yang Longzhi , Chao Fei , Cao Yi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractElectronic government (e-government) uses information and communication technologies to deliver public services to individuals and organisations effectively, efficiently and transparently. E-government is one of the most complex systems which needs to be distributed, secured and privacy-preserved, and the failure of these can be very costly both economically and socially. Most of the existing e-government systems such as websites and electronic identity management systems (eIDs) are centralized at duplicated servers and databases. A centralized management and validation system may suffer from a single point of failure and make the system a target to cyber attacks such as malware, denial of service attacks (DoS), and distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS). The blockchain technology enables the implementation of highly secure and privacy-preserving decentralized systems where transactions are not under the control of any third party organizations. Using the blockchain technology, exiting data and new data are stored in a sealed compartment of blocks (i.e., ledger) distributed across the network in a verifiable and immutable way. Information security and privacy are enhanced by the blockchain technology in which data are encrypted and distributed across the entire network. This paper proposes a framework of a decentralized e-government peer-to-peer (p2p) system using the blockchain technology, which can ensure both information security and privacy while simultaneously increasing the trust of the public sectors. In addition, a prototype of the proposed system is presented, with the support of a theoretical and qualitative analysis of the security and privacy implications of such system.
Crystallographic Orientation Relationship with Geometrically Necessary Dislocation Accumulation During High-Temperature Deformation in RR1000 Nickel-Based Superalloy
Authors: Birosca Soran 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In the current study, it is demonstrated that soft grains along 〈100〉 fiber provided a pure shear condition for easy dislocation movement leading to a relatively low dislocation density. The hard grains along the 〈111〉 fiber, however, were not favorably oriented for slip system activation and caused high dislocation accumulation. It is concluded that the average overall dislocation density does not provide a meaningful value, as it is largely dependent on the original material crystallographic texture, the numbers of hard and soft grains in the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) mapped area, and the grain size factor.
Erbliche Zystennierenerkrankungen: Autosomal-dominante und autosomal-rezessive polyzystische Nierenerkrankung (ADPKD und ARPKD)
Authors: Haumann Sophie , Burgmaier Kathrin , Bergmann Carsten , Müller Roman Ulrich , Liebau Max C. 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Zystische Nierenerkrankungen gehören zu den wichtigsten Ursachen eines terminalen Nierenversagens bei Kindern und Erwachsenen. Während die häufigere autosomal-dominante polyzystische Nierenerkrankung (ADPKD) meist erst im Erwachsenenalter klinisch manifest wird, ist die seltene autosomal-rezessive polyzystische Nierenerkrankung (ARPKD) eine oft schwerwiegende Erkrankung des frühen Kindesalters. Das zunehmende Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden genetischen Veränderungen und molekularer Krankheitsmechanismen hat in den vergangenen Jahren zur Etablierung erster Therapieansätze geführt.
Evidence-Based Neuroethics, Deep Brain Stimulation and Personality - Deflating, but not Bursting, the Bubble
Authors: Pugh Jonathan , Pycroft Laurie , Maslen Hannah , Aziz Tipu , Savulescu Julian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGilbert et al. have raised important questions about the empirical grounding of neuroethical analyses of the apparent phenomenon of Deep Brain Stimulation ‘causing’ personality changes. In this paper, we consider how to make neuroethical claims appropriately calibrated to existing evidence, and the role that philosophical neuroethics has to play in this enterprise of ‘evidence-based neuroethics’. In the first half of the paper, we begin by highlighting the challenges we face in investigating changes to PIAAAS following DBS, explaining how different trial designs may be of different degrees of utility, depending on how changes to PIAAAS following DBS are manifested. In particular, we suggest that the trial designs Gilbert et al. call for may not be able to tell us whether or not DBS directly causes changes to personality. However, we suggest that this is not the most significant question about this phenomenon; the most significant question is whether these changes should matter morally, however they are caused. We go on to suggest that neuroethical analyses of novel neuro-interventions should be carried out in accordance with the levels of evidence hierarchy outlined by the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM), and explain different ways in which neuroethical analyses of changes to PIAAAS can be evidence-based on this framework. In the second half of the paper, we explain how philosophical neuroethics can play an important role in contributing to mechanism-based reasoning about potential effects on PIAAAS following DBS, a form of evidence that is also incorporated into the CEBM levels of evidence hierarchy.
Combination High Flow Priapism With Low Flow Priapism: Case Report
Authors: Carvajal Alejandro , Benavides Johana Andrea 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Priapism is defined as a persistent penile erection lasting longer than 4 hours and unrelated to sexual activity. It is one of the most common emergencies treated by urologists. Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of various types of priapism have led to targeted management strategies according to type of priapism.

Aim
The aims of this article is report the case of a 24-year-old man who was presented in the emergency department with a combination of high flow priapism with low flow priapism.

Methods
This case report documents the case of a patient who presented in the emergency department with a high flow priapism that then became to a ischemic priapism.

Conclusion
Priapism is one of the most common emergencies treated by urologists. Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of various types of priapism have led to targeted management strategies as was shown in our case.
NEW RESULTS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF DISCOUNTED COMPOUND POISSON SUMS
Authors: Zhang Zhehao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper focuses on the distribution of Poisson sums of discounted claims over a finite or infinite time period. It gives two new results when claim amounts follow Mittag-Leffler distributions and two new results when claim amounts follow gamma distributions. Further, as Mittag-Leffler distribution is of heavy-tailed nature and its moments only exist for order strictly smaller than one, this distribution can be used for modelling insurance whose claim amounts are extremely large, that is, catastrophe insurance.
Co-existence of Rolandic and 3 Hz Spike-Wave Discharges on EEG in Children with Epilepsy
Authors: Datta Anita N. , Wallbank Laura , Wong Peter K. H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveBenign epilepsy of childhood with central temporal spikes (BECTS) and absence epilepsy are common epilepsy syndromes in children with similar age of onset and favorable prognosis. However, the co-existence of the electrocardiogram (EEG) findings of rolandic spike and 3 Hz generalized spike-wave (GSW) discharges is extremely rare, with few cases reported in the literature. Our objective was to characterize the EEG findings of these syndromes in children in our center and review the electro-clinical features.MethodsAll EEGs at BC Children’s Hospital are entered in a database, which include EEG findings and clinical data. Patients with both centro-temporal spikes and 3 Hz GSW discharges were identified from the database and clinical data were reviewed.ResultsAmong the 43,061 patients in the database from 1992 to 2017, 1426 with isolated rolandic discharges and 528 patients with isolated 3 Hz GSW discharges were identified, and 20 (0.05%) patients had both findings: 3/20 had BECTS, and subsequently developed childhood absence epilepsy and 17/20 had no seizures characteristic for BECTS. At follow-up, 17 (85%) were seizure-free, 1 (5%) had rare, and 2 (10%) had frequent seizures.ConclusionsThis is the largest reported group of patients to our knowledge with the co-existence of rolandic and 3 Hz GSW discharges on EEGs in one institution, not drug-induced. As the presence of both findings is extremely rare, distinct pathophysiological mechanisms are likely. The majority had excellent seizure control at follow-up, similar to what would be expected for each type of epilepsy alone.
EPISTEMOLOGICAL DISJUNCTIVISM: NEO-WITTGENSTEINIAN AND MODERATE NEO-MOOREAN
Authors: Stuchlik Joshua 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTDuncan Pritchard proposes a biscopic solution to the problem of radical skepticism, which consists in epistemological disjunctivism and a theory about the limits of rational evaluation inspired by Wittgenstein'sOn Certainty. According to the latter theory, we cannot have rationally grounded knowledge of the denials of radical skeptical hypotheses, a consequence that Pritchard finds attractive insofar as he thinks that claims to know the falsity of radical skeptical hypotheses are epistemically immodest. I argue that there is room for a neo-Moorean to dispute Pritchard's argument for the Wittgensteinian proposal and I raise some doubts about its underlying motivation. Finally, I put forward an alternative, which I call “moderate neo-Moorean epistemological disjunctivism.” While this theory contends that we possess rationally grounded anti-skeptical knowledge, it also allows for a degree of epistemic modesty, by conceding that perceptual knowledge never amounts to knowledge that is absolutely certain.