bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of animation video in surgical decision-making for treatment of early breast cancer in Indian women
Authors: Bothra Sapana , Mayilvaganan Sabaretnam , Mishra Prabhaker , Mishra Anjali , Agarwal Amit , Agarwal Gaurav 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Surgical decision-making in early breast cancer is difficult for the patient and also for the treating clinician, especially when the patient is not completely aware of the available options. Adjuncts such as animation video with case scenarios can be helpful in this regard. We used an animation video to help in decision-making and evaluated the effect of such adjunct in Indian women with early breast cancer. Materials and Methods: An animation video of running time of 4 min and 11 s was shown to forty patients with early breast cancer, who filled in a patient satisfaction multimedia questionnaire at the end of the animation. Results: Seventeen (42.5%) patients underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS) while the rest 23 (57.5%) patients underwent the mastectomy. All forty patients were satisfied with the animation video. The mean score of the utility of the video to improve understanding of the disorder, better organization of treatment, stimulated interest in the relations, and saved unnecessary discussion was 88.50, 88.50,88.3, and 90.3, respectively. Age and literacy status did not significantly affect the scores. Discussion: All the patients found the video useful and most patients made the decision on the first attempt. Patients' perspective about BCS is influenced by the fear of recurrence, fear of multiple surgeries, complications, and also the counseling provided by the surgeon. Conclusion: In this situation, such animation videos provide an unbiased view on the operative procedure and help in decision-making.
Numerical modeling and forecast of channel changes on the river Lena near city Yakutsk
Authors: Golovlyov Pavel , Kornilova Ekaterina , Krylenko Inna , Belikov Vitaly , Zavadskii Aleksandr , Fingert Eugeniya , Borisova Natalya , Morozova Elizaveta 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. STREAM_2D software package was applied to retrospective and predictive simulations of the Lena River near city Yakutsk hydraulic and channel changes during ice-free period. The modelling results indicate significant correspondence of simulated water discharges distribution and water levels with observed ones for the period 2001–2016. Model has captured main erosion and depositional zones observed in the 2009–2016 years. Combination of typical monthly average hydrographs of 1 %, 10 % and 50 % return intervals was used as an initial parameter for 10-year channel changes forecast. According to the simulation results, degradation of the Adamovskaya branch will be continued, which is the most negative impact for the Yakutsk city infrastructure maintenance. At the end of the forecast period the equal distribution between Adamovskaya and Buorylarskaya channels is possible, which is a positive trend from the point of view of the city water supply system.
The history of endourology in Canada
Authors: Beiko Darren , Honey R. John D'A. , Pace Kenneth T. , Denstedt John D. , Razvi Hassan , Hosking Denis H. , Norman Richard W. , Wilson James W.L. 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: After the introduction of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), ureteroscopy (URS), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), the subspecialty of endourology was born in the late 1970s. The purpose of this study was to report milestones in Canadian endourology, highlighting Canada’s contributions to the field.
Methods: A review of the literature was performed from the late 1970s to the present. The literature review included bibliographic and digital resources. Additionally, records and recollections by various individuals were used, including some directly involved.
Results: Endourology was born in Canada when SWL, URS, and PCNL emerged as minimally invasive treatment options for stones in the early to mid-1980s. According to our research, the first PCNL was performed at the University of Toronto in 1981. Dr. Joachim Burhenne, a Harvard-trained radiologist from Germany, first used extracorporeal SWL in Canada at the University of British Columbia (UBC) for the treatment of biliary stones. Treatment for urinary tract stones followed at UBC and Dalhousie University. The first worldwide use of the holmium laser for lithotripsy of urinary tract calculi took place at the University of Western Ontario. Other endourology milestones in Canada include the formation of the Canadian Endourology Group and the emergence of the Endourological Society-accredited fellowship programs at the University of Toronto and Western University in the 1990s. Canada hosted the 21st and 35th World Congress of Endourology and Shock Wave Lithotripsy annual meeting in Montreal and Vancouver, respectively.
Conclusions: Canadian urologists have led many advances in SWL, URS, and PCNL over the past four decades, and for a relatively small community have made significant contributions to the field. Through the training of the next generation of endourologists at Canadian institutions, the future of endourology in Canada is bright.
Efectos de una competición de fútbol basada en la Liga Brave sobre el fair play, las orientaciones de meta, el esfuerzo y la presión-tensión en escolares de educación primaria
Authors: Lis-Velado P. , Carriedo A. 
Published: August 2019

Se examinó la repercusión de la novedosa Liga Brave (2015) sobre las orientaciones de meta, el fair play, el esfuerzo, y la presión-tensión en 92 estudiantes de 2 colegios (grupo control: n = 45; grupo experimental: n = 47) con una media de edad de 10,38 años (DE =0,55). Durante 3 sesiones, el grupo control participó en una liga de fútbol sala tradicional, mientras que el grupo experimental participó en un sistema competitivo basado en el innovador formato de la Liga Brave (2015), donde las conductas de fair play determinan el orden en la clasificación. Se realizaron varias pruebas de contrastes de medias intra-sujetos, cuyos resultados reflejaron que el grupo experimental aumentó significativamente en la orientación a la tarea y en el esfuerzo percibido. Estos resultados sugieren que formatos competitivos como el que se propone podrían repercutir positivamente en la orientación a la tarea y en el esfuerzo durante las competiciones deportivas.
This research analyzed the Brave League (2015) effects on the goal orientation, the fair play, the effort and the pressure-tension on 92 pupils from two state schools (control group: n = 45 and experimental group: n = 47) with an age average of 10.38 years (SD = 0.55). The Intervention program was applied to both groups in 3 sessions of one hour; the control group created an indoor football league, whereas the experimental group continued to elaborate a competitive system based on the Brave League (2015) format, where the conducts of fair play establish the order in the classification. Several contrast tests were taken of the subject average, which results showed that the trial group increased the orientation towards the task) and the perceived effort. These results infer that the competitive formats like the proposed could affect positively the orientation towards the task and the effort throughout the sports competitions.
In Vivo Tumor Visualization through MRI Off‐On Switching of NaGdF4–CaCO3 Nanoconjugates
Authors: Yi Zhigao , Luo Zichao , Barth Nicole D. , Meng Xianfu , Liu Hong , Bu Wenbo , All Angelo , Vendrell Marc , Liu Xiaogang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe development of high‐performance contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently received considerable attention, as they hold great promise and potential as a powerful tool for cancer diagnosis. Despite substantial achievements, it remains challenging to develop nanostructure‐based biocompatible platforms that can generate on‐demand MRI signals with high signal‐to‐noise ratios and good tumor specificity. Here, the design and synthesis of a new class of nanoparticle‐based contrast agents comprising self‐assembled NaGdF4 and CaCO3 nanoconjugates is reported. In this design, the spatial confinement of the T1 source (Gd3+ ions) leads to an “OFF” MRI signal due to insufficient interaction between the protons and the crystal lattices. However, when immersed in the mildly acidic tumor microenvironment, the embedded CaCO3 nanoparticles generate CO2 bubbles and subsequently disconnect the nanoconjugate, thus resulting in an “ON” MRI signal. The in vivo performance of these nanoconjugates shows more than 60‐fold contrast enhancement in tumor visualization relative to the commercially used contrast agent Magnevist. This work presents a significant advance in the construction of smart MRI nanoprobes ideally suited for deep‐tissue imaging and target‐specific cancer diagnosis.
A Hybrid Solar Absorber–Electrocatalytic N‐Doped Carbon/Alloy/Semiconductor Electrode for Localized Photothermic Electrocatalysis
Authors: Meng Fan Lu , Yilmaz Gamze , Ding Tian Peng , Gao Minmin , Ho Ghim Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConverting and storing intermittent solar energy into stable chemical fuels of high efficiency depend crucially on harvesting excess energy beyond the conventional ultraviolet light spectrum. The means of applying highly efficient solar–thermal conversion on practical electricity‐driven water splitting could be a significant stride toward this goal, while some bottlenecks remain unresolved. Herein, photothermic electrocatalytic oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions are proposed, which bestow a distinctive exothermic activation and electrochemical reactivity in a reconstructed electrolyzer system, and which are poised for efficient renewable energy production. Attributed to the synergistic in situ coupling of the N‐doped carbon, metallic alloy and oxides, in view of their broadband light absorption, high electrochemical surface area, and efficient charge transfer attributes, the hybrid photothermal electrocatalytic electrode simultaneously satisfies efficient photon‐to‐heat conversion and augmented electrochemical catalytic activity. Finally, a system level design of an appropriate photothermally mediated electrolytic cell with close‐proximity light‐illumination window along with a low‐thermal‐emittance electrolyte separator that preserve an overall large localized thermal gradient and efficient mass transport is devised. Such a photothermally mediated electrocatalytic system presented here may open up new avenues for the development of solar–thermal energy utilization in other forms.
Site‐selective Oxidative Dearomatization of Phenols and Naphthols into ortho‐Quinols or Epoxy ortho‐Quinols using Oxone as the Source of Dimethyldioxirane
Authors: Cabrera‐Afonso María J. , Carreño M. Carmen , Urbano Antonio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA novel reactivity of dimethyldioxirane, generated in situ from Oxone and acetone, with substituted phenols and naphthols is reported. This methodology allowed the synthesis of ortho‐quinols or epoxy ortho‐quinols from a site‐selective oxidative dearomatization process, with good yields under very mild conditions. A short total synthesis of natural product lacinilene C methyl ether is also described using this process as the key step.magnified image
Hemilabile Ligands as Mechanosensitive Electrode Contacts for Molecular Electronics
Authors: Ferri Nicolò , Algethami Norah , Vezzoli Andrea , Sangtarash Sara , McLaughlin Maeve , Sadeghi Hatef , Lambert Colin J. , Nichols Richard J. , Higgins Simon J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSingle‐molecule junctions that are sensitive to compression or elongation are an emerging class of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). Although the molecule–electrode interface can be engineered to impart such functionality, most studies to date rely on poorly defined interactions. We focused on this issue by synthesizing molecular wires designed to have chemically defined hemilabile contacts based on (methylthio)thiophene moieties. We measured their conductance as a function of junction size and observed conductance changes of up to two orders of magnitude as junctions were compressed and stretched. Localised interactions between weakly coordinating thienyl sulfurs and the electrodes are responsible for the observed effect and allow reversible monodentate⇄bidentate contact transitions as the junction is modulated in size. We observed an up to ≈100‐fold sensitivity boost of the (methylthio)thiophene‐terminated molecular wire compared with its non‐hemilabile (methylthio)benzene counterpart and demonstrate a previously unexplored application of hemilabile ligands to molecular electronics.
Vinylidene Homologation of Boronic Esters and its Application to the Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of Machillene
Authors: Fordham James M. , Grayson Matthew N. , Aggarwal Varinder K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlkenyl boronic esters are important reagents in organic synthesis. Herein, we report that these valuable products can be accessed by the homologation of boronic esters with lithiated epoxysilanes. Aliphatic and electron‐rich aromatic boronic esters provided vinylidene boronic esters in moderate to high yields, while electron‐deficient aromatic and vinyl boronic esters were found to give the corresponding vinyl silane products. Through DFT calculations, this divergence in mechanistic pathway has been rationalized by considering the stabilization of negative charge in the C−Si and C−B bond breaking transition states. This vinylidene homologation was used in a short six‐step stereoselective synthesis of the proposed structure of machillene, however, synthetic and reported data were found to be inconsistent.
Bioinspired Core–Shell Nanoparticles for Hydrophobic Drug Delivery
Authors: Yang Guangze , Liu Yun , Wang Haofei , Wilson Russell , Hui Yue , Yu Lei , Wibowo David , Zhang Cheng , Whittaker Andrew K. , Middelberg Anton P. J. , Zhao Chun‐Xia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA large range of nanoparticles have been developed to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs. However, drug loading is usually less than 10 % or even 1 %. Now, core–shell nanoparticles are fabricated having exceptionally high drug loading up to 65 % (drug weight/the total weight of drug‐loaded nanoparticles) and high encapsulation efficiencies (>99 %) based on modular biomolecule templating. Bifunctional amphiphilic peptides are designed to not only stabilize hydrophobic drug nanoparticles but also induce biosilicification at the nanodrug particle surface thus forming drug‐core silica–shell nanocomposites. This platform technology is highly versatile for encapsulating various hydrophobic cargos. Furthermore, the high drug loading nanoparticles lead to better in vitro cytotoxic effects and in vivo suppression of tumor growth, highlighting the significance of using high drug‐loading nanoparticles.
2D Monoelemental Germanene Quantum Dots: Synthesis as Robust Photothermal Agents for Photonic Cancer Nanomedicine
Authors: Ouyang Jiang , Feng Chan , Ji Xiaoyuan , Li Li , Gutti Hemanth Kiran , Kim Na Yoon , Artzi Dolev , Xie Angel , Kong Na , Liu You‐Nian , Tearney Guillermo J. , Sui Xinbing , Tao Wei , Farokhzad Omid C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs a new family member of the emerging two‐dimensional (2D) monoelemental materials (Xenes), germanene has shown promising advantages over the prototypical 2D Xenes, such as black phosphorus (BP) and graphene. However, efficient manufacture of novel germanene nanostructures is still a challenge. Herein, a simple top‐down approach for the liquid‐exfoliation of ultra‐small germanene quantum dots (GeQDs) is presented. The prepared GeQDs possess an average lateral size of about 4.5 nm and thickness of about 2.2 nm. The functionalized GeQDs were demonstrated to be robust photothermal agents (PTAs) with outstanding photothermal conversion efficacy (higher than those of graphene and BPQDs), superior stability, and excellent biocompatibility. As a proof‐of‐principle, 2D GeQDs‐based PTAs were used in fluorescence/photoacoustic/photothermal‐imaging‐guided hyperpyrexia ablation of tumors. This work could expand the application of 2D germanene to the field of photonic cancer nanomedicine.
Thermolysis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles into Electron‐Rich Phosphorus‐Coordinated Noble Metal Single Atoms at Low Temperature
Authors: Zhou Peng , Li Ning , Chao Yuguang , Zhang Weiyu , Lv Fan , Wang Kai , Yang Wenxiu , Gao Peng , Guo Shaojun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNoble metal single atoms coordinated with highly electronegative atoms, especially N and O, often suffer from an electron‐deficient state or poor stability, greatly limiting their wide application in the field of catalysis. Herein we demonstrate a new PH3‐promoted strategy for the effective transformation of noble metal nanoparticles (MNPs, M=Ru, Rh, Pd) at a low temperature (400 °C) into a class of thermally stabilized phosphorus‐coordinated metal single atoms (MPSAs) on g‐C3N4 nanosheets via the strong Lewis acid–base interaction between PH3 and the noble metal. Experimental work along with theoretical simulations confirm that the obtained Pd single atoms supported on g‐C3N4 nanosheets exist in the form of PdP2 with a novel electron‐rich feature, conceptionally different from the well‐known single atoms with an electron‐deficient state. As a result of this new electronic property, PdP2‐loaded g‐C3N4 nanosheets exhibit 4 times higher photocatalytic H2 production activity than the state‐of‐art N‐coordinated PdSAs supported on g‐C3N4 nanosheets. This enhanced photocatalytic activity of phosphorus‐coordinated metal single atoms with an electron‐rich state was quite general, and also observed for other active noble metal single atom catalysts, such as Ru and Rh.
Study of gamma‐ray radiation effects on series of bisphthalonitrile resins: Thermomechanical, mechanical, and thermal properties
Authors: Dayo Abdul Qadeer , Zhang Li‐li , Wang Jun , Liu Wen‐bin , Kiran Sadia , Zegaoui Abdeldjalil , Ghouti Hamid Abdelhafid , Arse Yitagesu Bereket 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe bisphthalonitrile (PN) thermosets series (poly(Baph), poly(Bafph), and poly(Bzph)) were prepared and subjected to 100 and 500 kGy γ‐ray irradiation dose from cobalt‐60 (60Co) as a source. The main objective of this present study was to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation on the chemical structure, thermomechanical, mechanical, and thermal stabilities, which were studied by using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), dynamic mechanical analysis, bending test, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The PN resins characteristics bands, namely, nitrile, triazine ring, and phthalocyanine, were not affected on γ‐ray irradiation. However, remarkable changes were observed in the chemical structures of benzene, alkyl and CF3, which indeed slightly declined the thermal stabilities, thermomechanical and flexural properties. The decrease in properties could be ascribed to the scission of molecular chains and rupture of chemical bonds of PN resin as confirmed by the FTIR. The poly(Bafph) showed a maximum decline in the thermal stabilities and mechanical properties due to the existence of CF3in the polymer skeleton, which could not be crosslinked again once scission occurs under radiation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48313.
4,4′‐Methylenebis(2,6‐di‐t‐butylphenol) as filler in high‐damping chlorinated polyethylene composites
Authors: Fu Bohan , Jiang Sheng , Zhang Tonghua 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTDamping materials are widely used in the modern industry as a kind of material for reducing vibration. The high‐damping composites consisting of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) and 4,4′‐Methylenebis(2,6‐di‐t‐butylphenol) (AO‐4426) were successfully prepared in this work. The microstructural and mechanical properties of the CPE/AO‐4426 composites were systematically investigated by using SEM, DSC, FTIR, and DMA. From the SEM, most of hindered phenol was dissolved in the CPE matrix and formed a fine dispersion. The results of DSC and FTIR suggested that strong intermolecular interaction like the hydrogen bonding was formed between the AO‐4426 and CPE. It was found that with the increase of AO‐4426 content, a new transition appeared above the glass transition temperature of the CPE matrix, with higher glass transition temperature and higher tan δ value than the neat CPE. As expected, the hybrid displayed excellent performance and had exciting potential applications as a damping material. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48321.
Spontaneous helping behavior of autistic and non‐autistic (Pre‐)adolescents: A matter of motivation?
Authors: O'Connor Rachel A. G. , Stockmann Lex , Rieffe Carolien 
Published: July 2019

Young autistic people have a range of social difficulties, but it is not yet clear how these difficulties can be explained. In addition, emerging research is suggesting that autistic girls may differ from boys in terms of their social behaviors, but yet unknown is if they differ in terms of their pro‐social behavior, such as helping. The present study investigated spontaneous helping behavior using an in vivo paradigm and related this to participants' levels of social motivation (based on parent reports). Participants were 233 autistic and non‐autistic (pre‐)adolescents (M = 12.46 years, SD = 15.54 months). Our results demonstrated that autistic girls and boys have lower levels of social motivation compared to their non‐autistic peers, but social motivation was unrelated to helping behavior in both groups. Furthermore, when the experimenter needed help, the autistic boys and girls looked and smiled to the same extent as their peers of the same gender, but they actually helped significantly less than their non‐autistic peers. However, most autistic youngsters did help, highlighting the great individual differences in autistic individuals. We discuss the possibility that lower levels of helping behavior are due to difficulty initiating action in a social context, rather than lower social motivation. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1796–1804. © 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThis study examined the helping behavior of autistic boys and girls (aged 9–16). Many autistic young people did help, but compared to non‐autistic individuals, autistic people did not help as much. This study also showed that when people did/did not help, it was not related to their interest in social relationships. It is important to teach young autistic people when and how to help others, to support them making friends.