bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsettling Geography: Enacting the Politics of Indigenous Ontologies
Authors: Pickerill Jenny 
Published: December 2024

Indigenous ontologies are multiple, place-specific, fluid, irreducible, and complex. The recognition that multiple ontologies exist, overlap, and interact, should unsettle geographical disciplinary thought. Using the praxis of ‘unsettling’ this article examines how Indigenous ontologies critically challenge how relationalities, place, and knowledge production are often understood by geographers. Drawing on Black, Indigenous, Asian and Latinx geographical scholarship, it argues for different ways of ‘doing’ geography that enable the transformative practices of resisting colonising university institutions, working beyond critique to advance hopeful alternatives, promoting (and working through the complex implications of) self-determination, and advocating for multispecies justice.
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Tendon Rupture Following Delayed Fixation of Distal Radius Fracture
Authors: Ortega Liam , Druessel Logan M , Yim Jae , Reiman Brandon , Boothby Benjamin 
Published: December 2024

Case:
A 58-year-old woman underwent delayed fixation of an unstable distal radius fracture. At staged hardware removal, an isolated rupture of extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) was discovered and tenodesed to extensor carpi radialis longus acutely. The surgical intervention allowed her to return to gardening at 2 weeks after the hardware removal with preserved function and pain control at 13-month follow-up, respectively.

Conclusion:
We present a rare complication of isolated abrasive ECRB rupture with an intra-articular distal radius fracture treated with a late decision for surgery. Our surgical intervention resolved the patient's pain and preserved function in this case.
Postoperative Rigid Cervical Collar Causing a Marginal Mandibular Branch of Facial Nerve Palsy
Authors: Kaidi Austin C. , Sama Andrew A. 
Published: December 2024

Case:
We present a marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve palsy that occurred in a 55-year-old woman from external compression of a rigid cervical collar. This nerve palsy occurred after less than 24 hours of collar utilization and was treated conservatively with delayed recovery.

Conclusion:
A marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve palsy is a rare complication of cervical collar usage with only 1 other documented case in the literature. The resemblance of this palsy to a postoperative cerebrovascular accident makes it an important complication to consider when using a collar.
Intern insights: Career decisions, aspirations and perspectives from interns in a regional hospital setting
Authors: Hodge Emma , McDougall Jo , Greig Vanessa , Sandford Alan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
To identify the factors influencing the decision of interns to pursue prevocational training at a regional hospital, and gain insights into their career aspirations, expectations and concerns as they commence their internship.
Methods
The study involved retrospective analysis of welcome interviews with Postgraduate Year 1 (PGY1) interns during their first rotation at a regional hospital in Queensland, Australia in 2024. The main outcome measures included factors influencing the decision to complete internship at a regional hospital, career aspirations, expectations and concerns for internship.
Results
Interns primarily chose the regional hospital for its positive reputation of being a supportive environment, opportunities for broad generalist clinical experience, and comprised a smooth transition from local regionally based university sites. Career aspirations varied, with popular interests in rural generalism, general practice, emergency medicine, anaesthetics and paediatrics. Interns expected and received hands-on learning experiences, regular patient interaction and broad exposure to various clinical specialties, while concerns included managing workload and adapting to new hospital systems.
Conclusion
Addressing the workforce nurturing and pastoral care needs of interns is crucial for a supportive and fulfilling internship experience. Promoting pastoral care and learning opportunities, are potential points of difference that may imbue reputational growth and ultimately attract interns to regional hospitals and enhance retention, optimising the medical workforce in these areas.
Study on gas production characteristic of waste paper by microwave pyrolysis in silicon carbide reactor
Authors: Lin Xuebin , HUANG Yuanbo , ZHANG Xiaodong , HE Hongzhou 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

An investigation was conducted to analyze the influence of microwave power and the addition of coke on the pyrolysis of tissue paper for gas generation in a silicon carbide reactor. The study revealed that the primary components of syngas obtained through tissue paper microwave pyrolysis are predominantly CO and CO2, constituting approximately 80% of the total. CH4 and H2 make up 15–20% of the total. As microwave power increases, the main pyrolysis gas CO and CO2 is released at a higher temperature. With a microwave power range of 500W-800W and a tissue paper diameter of approximately 6mm, the highest gas production reaches 18.8wt% (130ml•g− 1) at 700W. Adding 10–20% coke can significantly increase the amount of pyrolysis gas produced from waste paper. Once the feedstock had a diameter of approximately 4mm, the gas yield rose initially and then declined when coke was added. The greatest amount of gas produced is 20.5wt% (149.3ml•g− 1) with 20% coke addition.
Spatiotemporal Variability of Cold Events Associated with Climate Change in Zhejiang Province
Authors: Xiao Jingjing , Ma Hao , Guo Fenfen , Ma Shangqian , Zhang Yuhui , Wang Zhihai , liu Zan , Li Zhengquan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Based on the daily minimum temperature data from 66 meteorological stations in Zhejiang Province from1971 to 2022, the absolute threshold for "cold days" was established as a daily minimum temperature of ≤ 4 ℃, and "cold events" and "extreme cold events" were defined accordingly. The spatiotemporal variation characteristics of cold events and extreme cold events in Zhejiang Province were analyzed under the background of climate change. The results indicated that the number of cold days in Zhejiang Province exhibited a significant decreasing trend from 1971 to 2022, with the most pronounced decline occurring in winter. Cold events in Zhejiang primarily occur during winter, accounting for nearly 70% of the annual total. The frequency of cold events throughout the year demonstrates a downward trend, primarily attributed to the decrease in the frequency of cold events in spring and autumn. The frequency of cold events in winter does not exhibit significant changes and reflects a slight upward trend. The low-value zones of extreme cold events in Zhejiang are located in the southwestern and southeastern coastal areas, while the high-value zones are predominantly found in the coastal regions of central and northern Zhejiang. Extreme cold events predominantly occur in winter (December, January, and February), and the likelihood of such events occurring in March and November is approximately once every century. The primary mode of effective cold accumulated temperature empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis for cold events is the province-wide consistent type, with a variance contribution of 89.4%. The second, third, and fourth modes are identified as the north-south inversion type, the near-triode type, and the northeast-southwest inversion type, respectively.
Preparation of ultramarine green pigments by recycling of the discarded molecular sieves for green vegetation spectral simulation
Authors: Zhou Haoyan , Zu Mei , Tang Xinxuan , Chang Yuanxi , Yang Hongrui , Lv Chenglong , Cheng Haifeng , Li Shiquan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Molecular sieves were widely used in the chemical industry, which caused a large number of inactivated molecular sieves to be discarded, resulting in a serious waste of resources and environmental pollution. Recently, recycling of discarded molecular sieves (DMS) has become a research hotspot. This study proposes an economical method using DMS to prepare green pigments mimicking foliage spectrum. The synthesized products were subjected to characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis-DRS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The analysis revealed that sulfur radicals can be effectively incorporated as chromophores within the β-cages that are formed during the recrystallization process of sodalite, these cages are highly conducive to accommodating the radicals, thereby providing a protective environment that shields them from external influences. By adjusting the mass ratio of Na2CO3/S, the visible reflectance spectrum of ultramarine pigments can be easily modified. In addition, camouflage coating based on ultramarine green can be used to simulate the spectral reflectance characteristics of green vegetation. The Spectral Angle Mapping (SAM) system was used to evaluate the simulation effect of the camouflage coating. At a threshold below 98.5%, the camouflage coating still be misidentified as leaves, this method can recycle massive solid waste resources and significantly reduce the preparation cost of imitation green vegetation camouflage pigments.
A tree-based exploration method: utilizing the topology of the map as the basis of goal selection
Authors: Abonyi-Tóth Barbara , Nagy Ákos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we present a novel method for autonomous robotic exploration using a car-like robot. The proposed method uses the frontiers in the map to build a tree representing the structure of the environment to aid the goal-selection method. An augmentation of the method is also proposed which is able to manage the loops present in the environment. In this case, the environment is represented with a graph structure. A generalization of exploration methods is introduced to simplify the theoretical comparison between exploration methods. Two experiments are described. The first shows, that the success of the Sensor-Based Random Tree method is highly dependent on the dimensions of the environment. In the second experiment, a frontier-based exploration method used with greedy goal selection, the Sensor-Based Random Tree method, and the two proposed exploration methods are compared in three simulated environments. The experiments show, that the proposed methods outperform the existing methods both in the time taken until full exploration and the distance traveled during the exploration. The proposed exploration method was also tested using a real-life robot in an office scenario.
Bovine Teeth as Substitutes for Human Teeth in Dental research: Ultrastructural and Radiographic Analysis
Authors: Ankily Mahmoud Al , Baz Safaa , Mahmoud Heba , Shamel Mohamed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Obtaining an alternative for human teeth in research remains challenging. The current study aimed to determine the validity of utilizing bovine teeth as a substitute for human teeth.
Materials and Methods
Sound human maxillary premolars and bovine permanent lower central incisors were obtained. The human and bovine teeth were divided into groups (n = 35) for scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis alongside energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and optical radiographic density.
Statistical analysis:
The data was statistically analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) along with a two-sample t-test, comparing the means of each two groups. The results were expressed as means ± standard deviations, and statistical significance was determined at an alpha of 0.05.
Results
SEM analysis of human and bovine samples in different hard tissues showed minor changes, mainly the human enamel had a smoother surface with distinct prism profiles, whereas the bovine dentin had larger and more widely separated dentinal tubules. EDX analysis revealed that the compositions of Ca and P, along with their Ca/P ratios in terms of enamel, dentin, and cementum, were comparable. For radiographic density, the findings revealed minor differences between human and bovine samples. No statistically significant differences among the studied groups were detected.
Conclusions
This study revealed minor variations in structure, chemical composition, and radiographic density between human and bovine hard tissues, but without statistical significance, supporting the utilization of bovine teeth as a substitute for that of humans in dental research.
Nitrogen Doping into Thin and Thick Coatings for Nano-structuring and Nano-texturing by Plasma Immersion Nitriding
Authors: Aizawa T. , Fukuda T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

A thin gold film, a poly-crystalline diamond (PCD) coating and a carbon-supersaturated thick SiC (Silicon Carbide) coating, were nitrogen-doped or N-doped by using the plasma immersion nitriding. The N-doped gold thin film was characterized by lattice straining up to 3–5% and by hardening to 300 HV via the massive nitrogen supersaturation (MNS). The N-doped PCD was nano-textured to have a fine acicular-texture array on the PCD surface via self-organization process. The massively carbon supersaturated (MCSed) SiC thick coating was N-doped and characterized by the enrichment of carbon-rich clusters along the 6H-structured SiC grain boundaries. The masking technique was employed to describe the difference in microstructures and electric resistivity between the N-doped and undoped MCSed SiC coatings. N-doping induced the reduction of SiC grain size as well as the increase of stacking faults in the SiC grains as well as carbon-rich clusters along the SiC grain boundaries. The electric resistivity was reduced to 1/2 to 1/3 by this N-doping. Various functions were accommodated to thin and thick coatings by the nitrogen doping via the plasma immersion nitriding.
Using simulation modelling to evaluate the relative efficacy of core area and corridor-based conservation designs for biodiversity conservation
Authors: Macdonald Ewan A. , Macdonald David W. , Cushman Sam A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

CONTEXT: The efficient and effective design of protected areas is a fundamental challenge in landscape ecology, focusing on how spatial patterns of habitat influence conservation outcomes. This has sparked debate about the relative importance of habitat area versus connectivity in maintaining populations across fragmented landscapes.
OBJECTIVES: We evaluate the relative importance of habitat area and connectivity by comparing counterfactual scenarios for landscape configuration on Borneo. We examine how habitat area and connectivity influence Sunda clouded leopard population size and genetic diversity across scenarios and dispersal abilities.
METHODS: We compared 28 landscape scenarios on Borneo, incorporating all plausible combinations of core areas and movement corridors. Using spatially explicit genetic simulations, we modelled clouded leopard population size and genetic diversity metrics across five dispersal thresholds to compare how area and connectivity influence conservation outcomes.
RESULTS: Our analysis reveals a strong, disproportionate relationship between landscape area and population size and genetic diversity. Even when accounting for landscape area, larger areas consistently provide superior conservation outcomes. Corridors showed minimal impact, becoming effective only at the highest dispersal thresholds. Habitat area emerged as the primary driver of conservation success, challenging assumptions about the importance of connectivity and highlighting the complex interactions between landscape configuration and species mobility.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings challenge paradigms in landscape ecology by demonstrating habitat area is more critical for biodiversity conservation than connectivity, especially where corridor lengths exceed species' dispersal abilities. Conservation strategies should therefore prioritise expanding core habitat areas, with corridor investments strategically targeted to highly mobile species.
Reflectance spectroscopy analysis of Si-doped β-Ga₂O₃ films grown by MOVPE: The influence of doping concentration and substrate conductivity
Authors: Chou Ta-Shun , Anooz Saud Bin , Galazka Zbigniew , Albrecht Martin , Fiedler Andreas , Popp Andreas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This study examines the feasibility of using in-situ reflectance measurement for Si-doped β-Ga2O3 films homoepitaxially grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy on substrates with varying conductivity (semi-insulating (Mg-doped) and conductive (Si-doped)). Interference oscillation patterns were observed in the wavelength region well below the band gap absorption, with the oscillation amplitudes showing a significant dependence on the doping concentrations of the grown films. Reflectance spectroscopy enables the estimation of growth rate and doping level based on the period and amplitude of the observed Fabry-Pérot oscillations, respectively. These oscillations occur due to the refractive index difference between the grown film and the substrate, which is influenced by doping in the homoepitaxy process and estimated by the Drude model.
The Frequency and Severity of Post-vaccination Reactions after Vaccination against COVID-19 in Sudanese Health Workers in Khartoum Governmental Hospitals, 2021
Authors: Awad Tasneem A. , Mahmoud Toga 
Published: December 2024

Background
COVID-19 has been ascribed to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the disease has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations varying from asymptomatic, minor flu-like symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia and death. Vaccinations against COVID-19 are counted to be of great significance to prevent and control COVID-19. This study aims to verify the actual frequency of vaccine reactions after vaccination against COVID-19 and their severity.

Materials and Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2021 in Three of Khartoum’s government hospitals. The study population included Sudanese health workers who received two doses of COVID-19 vaccinations. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 24.

Results
This study covered 200 participants, who received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, of them, 129 (64.5%) were female, with a mean age of 33.13 ± 5.860 (mean ± SD) years. The male mean age was 35.59 ± 7.996 years. Pain is the most common local reaction that occurs in participants with 73.0%. Unusual fatigue, fever, and headache showed the most systemic post-vaccination reactions that occurred among participants, with percentages of 56.5%, 43.0%, and 34.5%, respectively. There is an insignificant association between having a previous COVID-19 infection and developing local and systemic post-vaccination reactions. Also, comorbidities appeared to have an insignificant association with developing local or systemic post-vaccination reactions. Systemic post-vaccination reactions showed a significant association with participants need for post-vaccination medical care.

Conclusions
The majority of Sudanese health workers received AstraZeneca Company COVID-19 and showed local and systemic post-vaccination reactions that did not need medical care in most of them. Results provide assurance about the high level of safety of COVID-19 vaccines.
Evaluation of a Computer-Based Morphological Analysis Method for Free-Text Responses in the General Medicine In-Training Examination: Algorithm Validation Study
Authors: Yokokawa Daiki , Shikino Kiyoshi , Nishizaki Yuji , Fukui Sho , Tokuda Yasuharu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The General Medicine In-Training Examination (GM-ITE) tests clinical knowledge in a 2-year postgraduate residency program in Japan. In the academic year 2021, as a domain of medical safety, the GM-ITE included questions regarding the diagnosis from medical history and physical findings through video viewing and the skills in presenting a case. Examinees watched a video or audio recording of a patient examination and provided free-text responses. However, the human cost of scoring free-text answers may limit the implementation of GM-ITE. A simple morphological analysis and word-matching model, thus, can be used to score free-text responses.

Objective
This study aimed to compare human versus computer scoring of free-text responses and qualitatively evaluate the discrepancies between human- and machine-generated scores to assess the efficacy of machine scoring.

Methods
After obtaining consent for participation in the study, the authors used text data from residents who voluntarily answered the GM-ITE patient reproduction video-based questions involving simulated patients. The GM-ITE used video-based questions to simulate a patient’s consultation in the emergency room with a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism following a fracture. Residents provided statements for the case presentation. We obtained human-generated scores by collating the results of 2 independent scorers and machine-generated scores by converting the free-text responses into a word sequence through segmentation and morphological analysis and matching them with a prepared list of correct answers in 2022.

Results
Of the 104 responses collected—63 for postgraduate year 1 and 41 for postgraduate year 2—39 cases remained for final analysis after excluding invalid responses. The authors found discrepancies between human and machine scoring in 14 questions (7.2%); some were due to shortcomings in machine scoring that could be resolved by maintaining a list of correct words and dictionaries, whereas others were due to human error.

Conclusions
Machine scoring is comparable to human scoring. It requires a simple program and calibration but can potentially reduce the cost of scoring free-text responses.