bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell markers in hairy cell leukemia studied in cells from 51 patients
Authors: Jansen J , Schuit HR , Meijer CJ , van Nieuwkoop JA , Hijmans W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To determine the maturation arrest of the neoplastic cells of hairy- cell leukemia (HCL) and the spectrum of the surface markers on these cells, a series of 51 patients with this disease was studied. The cells of all but two of the patients showed monoclonal surface Ig with respect to light chains. In about one-third of the cases, only gamma heavy chain determinants were present on the cells; the majority carried multiple heavy chain determinants as documented by the application of different fluorochromes. Two patients each showed two different clones of cells, both of the same light chain type. In one of these two patients, two paraproteins were present in the serum. Intracytoplasmic Ig was found in only 4 of 39 cases, in all instances being IgM. All cases studied concerned cells with FclgG receptors; however, the density of this receptor varied. FcIgM receptors also showed a spectrum of density, with some cases showing very few FcIgM- positive cells. Receptors C3 were not observed on the hairy cells. Serum immunoglobulin levels were normal or increased. Paraproteins were found in the sera of 4 of 38 patients. These data suggest that HCL is a neoplasm of B lymphocytes. The neoplastic cells are probably arrested at a more mature stage than the cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The multiple isotypes on the cells indicate a block at the “switch” phase from the small micro-carrying lymphocyte to the larger Ig- producing lymphocyte or plasma cell.
In situ immunologic characterization of cellular constituents in lymph nodes and spleens involved by Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Poppema S , Bhan AK , Reinherz EL , Posner MR , Schlossman SF 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The cellular constituents in lymph nodes and spleens of patients with Hodgkin's disease were studied with a series of monoclonal antibodies directed against human thymocyte, peripheral T-cell, and la antigens. Utilizing both an immunoperoxidase technique on frozen tissue sections and indirect immunofluorescence on cell suspensions, wer found that a majority of lymphocytes were T cells, since they stained with anti-T1 and anti-T3 antibodies, which react with all peripheral T cells. In addition, most of these cells were reactive with anti-T4 antibody, which defines the helper/inducer T-cell population, whereas only a minority of cells stained with anti-T5 and anti-T8 antibodies, which are reactive with suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. Moreover, a large proportion of T cells expressed T10 antigen, which is found on activated T cells. A minority of the T cells also expressed la antigen(s), again suggesting that some of the T cells are activated. In contrast, the Reed-sternberg cells did not react with any of these anti- T-cell antibodies or with anti-IgM antiserum, but displayed strong membrane and cytoplasmic staining with anti-la antibody. Taken together, these findings suggest that Reed-Sternberg cells are not of T- cell lineage but may be derived from antigen-presenting reticulum cells in the thymus-dependent areas of lymphoid tissues; these cells are normally associated with T4+ cells.
Moderate dose methotrexate, vincristine, asparaginase, and dexamethasone for treatment of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Esterhay RJ Jr , Wiernik PH , Grove WR , Markus SD , Wesley MN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thirty-eight adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 24 previously untreated and 14 previously treated, were entered into a study in which sequential, moderate-dose methotrexate and asparaginase were added to vincristine and dexamethasone (MOAD) for remission induction therapy. Eighteen of 24 previously untreated patients (75%) and 11 of 4 previously treated patients (79%) achieved a complete remission (CR). Once in CR, patients were given remission continuation therapy, which included intravenous high-dose methotrexate that was used without prophylactic cranial irradiation and without intrathecal methotrexate because of its potential activity alone as prophylaxis against central nervous system (CNS) leukemia. The median duration of CR was 11.1 mo (range 0.7–55.9+) and median survival 17.0 mo (range 0.4- 55.9+) for the 24 previously untreated patients. The median duration of CR was 7.5 mo (range 1.9–55.3+) for the 14 previously treated patients. Only 2 of 24 previously untreated patients (8.3%) developed CNS leukemia at 3.3 and 42.7 mo from start of MOAD. None of the previously treated patients developed CNS leukemia as the initial site of relapse. MOAD is useful as induction therapy for previously untreated adults with ALL, as well as for previously treated patients, and is superior to other regimens that we have used for the treatment of adult ALL.
The diagnostic value of the fibrinogen/fibrin fragment E antigen assay in clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Zielinsky A , Hirsh J , Straumanis G , Carter CJ , Gent M , Sackett DL , Hull R , Kelton JG , Powers P , Turpie AG 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have evaluated the fibrinogen/fibrin fragment E antigen assay as a diagnostic test in patients with clinically suspected venous thrombosis by comparing the results of this assay with venography in 272 patients. The result of the fragment E antigen assay was elevated in 79 of 80 patients with positive venograms for recent venous thrombosis (sensitivity 99%) and within the normal range in 161 of 192 patients with normal venograms (specificity 84%). The fragment E assay was also evaluated in 130 medical and surgical controls without evidence of venous thrombosis by leg scanning and the test was found to be relatively nonspecific. However, in the patient group under study, a correct clinical diagnosis of no thrombosis, based on a normal fragment E result, was made in 161 of 162 cases (negative predictive value of 99%). Therefore, a normal test result effectively excludes a diagnosis of venous thrombosis in clinically symptomatic patients. The assay, as currently performed, is technically demanding and takes 24 hr to complete. Therefore, it will have to be simplified before it can be applied to clinical practice.
Subcellular localization of 111In in human and rabbit platelets
Authors: Baker JR , Butler KD , Eakins MN , Pay GF , White AM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to examine the subcellular distribution of 111In in 111In- oxine-labeled human and rabbit platelets, we employed a hypothetical grain technique of EM autoradiography analysis. The results indicate that in the rabbit 111In was concentrated within the platelet dense bodies, particularly when the platelets had been labeled in a plasma- free system. Under comparable conditions of labeling, human platelets appeared to accumulate almost all the radiolabel within the cytosol. Using inhibitors of 5-hydroxytrptamine (5-HT) uptake, i.e., cloimipramine, ouabain, sodium fluoride, p-chloromercuribenzoate, and reserpine, we were unable to demonstrate an active uptake process in either species. Both collagen and thrombin were able to cause dose- dependent release of radioactivity from the labeled rabbit platelets only. In the case of collagen, this mimicked endogenous 5-HT release and was inhibited by indomethacin. These results and their implications are discussed.
Erythropoiesis and lymphopoiesis in the chick yolk-sac-embryo chimeras: contribution of yolk sac and intraembryonic stem cells
Authors: Lassila O , Martin C , Toivanen P , Dieterlen-Lievre F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Lymphocyte development and ontogenetic changes in erythroid cells have been studied in chick-chick yolk-sac-embryo chimeras differing at the B locus antigens. Erythroid cells derived from the yolk sac or from the intraembryonic mesenchyme were demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence in the peripheral blood of these allogenic chimeras. At 7 days of incubation, yolk-sac-derived red cells represent a majority in the peripheral blood. From 9 days of incubation onwards, embryo-derived erythrocytes appear in increasing proportions, making up approximately 90% of the peripheral blood cells at 17–18 days of development. After hatching, no yolk-sac-derived erythrocytes are found in the peripheral blood. Such a change from the yolk-sac-derived cells into embryo-derived cells was not observed in the lymphocytes, as analyzed using specific anti-B and anti-la antisera for detection of thymus and bursa cells, respectively. Ia-like antigens were detected on bursa cells using a triple layer immunofluorescence system. These results obtained from the allogeneic chimeras indicate that the early chicken yolk sac produces only transiently erythroid stem cells, while intraembryonic stem cells are involved in the production of definitive erythrocytes as well as of lymphocytes, both of T and B cells.
Abnormal glucocorticoid receptors in acute leukemia cells
Authors: McCaffrey R , Lillquist A , Bell R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In normal tissues, 3H-triamcinolone acetonide (3H-TA) labeled glucocorticoid receptors can be resolved into 2 components by DEAE chromatography: peak I elutes at 0.04 M salt and peak II at 0.22 M salt. By glycerol gradient centrifugation, peak I is 3.5S and peak II is 8.5S. Peak I binds to DNA, while peak II does not. Blast cell 3H-TA- binding macromolecules in 27 of 62 cases of acute leukemia had DEAE binding characteristics identical to those of normal tissues; the remaining 35 cases were abnormal. In these cases there was either a single DEAE species eluting in the peak I area (30 cases) or multiple low-amplitude peaks eluting across the entire gradient (5 cases). The abnormal single peak material failed to bind to DNA in 5 cases (of 5 studied), whereas peak I material from 5 cases (of 5 studied), showing normal peak I-peak II ratios, bound normally to DNA. In 3 cases (of 3 studied), the abnormal single peak material had an S value of 2–2.5S, whereas in 5 cases with normal peak I-peak II ratios, the S values were 3.5S and 8.5S, respectively. We hypothesize that those leukemias with abnormal binder characteristics cannot respond to glucocorticoid therapy.
The presence of monoclonal cytoplasmic immunoglobulins in leukemic B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Han T , Ozer H , Bloom M , Sagawa K , Minowada J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It has generally been assumed that CLL B cells do not contain cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (Cylg), although these cells express surface membrane immunoglobulin (Smlg). The present study, in which Smlg and Cylg determinations were performed simultaneously using leukemia B cells from 20 patients with CLL, demonstrates that Cylg staining was detectable in each CLL cell population examined and that the intensity of cytoplasmic immunofluorescent staining in each instance was moderate to strong. Both Smlg and Cylg light chain determinations indicated monoclonality in all 20 cases. The heavy chain class of Smlg and Cylg in each CLL cell population was not uniformly comparable, however. The majority (15 cases) of CLL B cells contained mu heavy chain Cylg and mu and delta heavy chain Cylg was demonstrated in the remaining 6 cases. In contrast, the Smlg phenotypes appeared heterogeneous with both gamma and alpha chain determinants found associated with mu or mu and delta chains on the same leukemia cell populations. This apparent polyclonal Smlg staining pattern was most likely due to nonspecific adsorption of the patient's own serum Ig by Fc receptors on CLL B cells. It is concluded that the great majority of CLL B cells contain detectable Cylg and that Cylg determination is superior to Smlg phenotyping in documenting the monoclonality of CLL.
Assessment of red cell sodium transport in essential hypertension
Authors: Mahoney JR , Etkin NL , McSwigan JD , Eaton JW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abnormal erythrocyte Na+ transport has been reported in patients with essential hypertension and some first-degree relatives. The two major techniques now employed for estimating Na+ transport--Na+/Li+ countertransport and Na+/K+ cotransport--are rather intricate and time consuming. Furthermore, the precise nature of the transport processes being measured is not clear. We have developed a simpler, more direct technique based on measurement of 22Na+ accumulation by erythrocytes. 22Na+ uptake by red cells from patients with essential hypertension averages twice normal. Indeed, of 21 patients with essential hypertension, only 2 patients had values within the upper end of the normal range. In 12 patients with secondary hypertension and no family history of essential hypertension, erythrocyte 22Na+ accumulation was within normal limits. Control experiments indicate that our technique for estimating red cell 22Na+ uptake is highly reproducible and shows little day-to-day variation. This procedure for the assessment of erythrocyte Na+ transport should be useful in differential diagnosis and the presymptomatic identification of individuals genetically prone to essential hypertension.
The management of stage I--II Hodgkin's disease with irradiation alone or combined modality therapy: the Stanford experience
Authors: Hoppe RT , Coleman CN , Cox RS , Rosenberg SA , Kaplan HS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
At Stanford University, between 1968 and 1978, 230 patients with pathologic stage I--II Hodgkin's disease were treated on prospective clinical trials with either irradiation alone or irradiation followed by 6 cycles of adjuvant combination chemotherapy. The actuarial survival at 10 yr was 84% for patients in either treatment group. Freedom from relapse at 10 yr was 77% among patients treated with irradiation alone and 84% after treatment with combined modality therapy [p(Gehan) = 0.09]. Freedom from second relapse at 10 yr was 89% and 94%, respectively [p(Gehan) = 0.56]. Several prognostic factors were evaluated in order to identify patients at high risk for relapse or with poor ultimate survival after initial treatment with irradiation alone. Systemic symptoms, histologic subtype, age, and limited extranodal involvement (E-lesions) did not affect the prognosis of patients and failed to identify patients whose survival could be improved by the routine use of combined modality therapy. Patients with large mediastinal masses (mediastinal mass ratio greater than or equal to 1/3) had a significantly poorer freedom from relapse when treated with irradiation alone than when treated initially with combined modality therapy [45% versus 81% at 10 yr, p(Gehan) = 0.03). The 10-yr survival of these patients, however, was not significantly different (84% versus 74%). The implications of these observations on the management of patient with early stage Hodgkin's disease are discussed.
Phosphorylation of platelet actin-binding protein during platelet activation
Authors: Carroll RC , Gerrard JM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this study we have followed the 32P-labeling of actin-binding protein as a function of platelet activation. Utilizing polyacrylamide- sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis to resolve total platelet protein samples, we found 2--3-fold labeling increases in actin-binding protein 30--60 sec after thrombin stimulation. Somewhat larger increases were observed for 40,000 and 20,000 apparent molecular weight peptides. The actin-binding protein was identified on the gels by coelectrophoresis with purified actin-binding protein, its presence in cytoskeletal cores prepared by detergent extraction of activated 32P- labeled platelets, and by direct immunoprecipitation with antibodies against guinea pig vas deferens filamin (actin-binding protein). In addition, these cytoskeletal cores indicated that the 32P-labeled actin- binding protein was closely associated with the activated platelet's cytoskeleton. Following the 32P-labeling of actin-binding protein over an 8-min time course revealed that in aggregating platelet samples rapid dephosphorylation to almost initial levels occurred between 3 and 5 min. A similar curve was obtained for the 20,000 apparent molecular weight peptide. However, rapid dephosphorylation was not observed if platelet aggregation was prevented by chelating external calcium or by using thrombasthenic platelets lacking the aggregation response. Thus, cell-cell contact would seem to be crucial in initiating the rapid dephosphorylation response.
Identification of primary lysosomes in human megakaryocytes and platelets
Authors: Bentfeld-Barker ME , Bainton DF 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The presence of lysosomal enzymes in human platelets is well documented; the identity of the “lysosome,” however, has been the subject of some disagreement. In order to determine the time of appearance and subcellular localization of two lysosomal enzymes in megakaryocytes (MK) and platelets, we examined normal human bone marrow and blood by electron microscopy and cytochemistry. Acid phosphatase (AcPase) was present in the Golgi region in the youngest recognizable MK, as well as in those with a considerable degree of cytoplasmic maturation. Heavy reaction product was usually confined to one or two Golgi-associated cisternae and coated vesicles; other Golgi cisternae were sometimes lightly reactive. In mature MK, reaction product was limited to vesicles of variable size, but smaller than alpha-granules. Another lysosomal enzyme, arylsulfatase (AS), was localized in similar small vesicles in MK of all stages; it could not be demonstrated in the Golgi complex. Vesicles containing AS were also found in about 25% of platelet profiles, whereas vesicles containing AcPase were found in only about 15% of platelet profiles. The alpha-granules of all MK and platelets examined were negative for both enzymes. We conclude that the enzyme-containing vesicles in these cells constitute the lysosomes and that they are distinct from other platelet organelles. Since there was no evidence that they had participated in any digestive event, we believe that they are primary lysosomes, whose contents are secreted during platelet aggregation and the release reaction.
Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content of bone marrow cells in patients with plasma cell myeloma: clinical implications
Authors: Bunn PA Jr , Krasnow S , Makuch RW , Schlam ML , Schechter GP 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
DNA content analysis by flow cytometry was performed in 32 patients with plasma cell myeloma and 3 patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia to determine the biologic and potential clinical usefulness of this technique. Hyperdiploid tumor DNA content was found in 23 myeloma patients (72%) during the course of illness, including 16/28 at presentation, but in none of 3 patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. There was no significant association of aneuploidy in myeloma patients with age, sex, race, or M-protein class. Myeloma patients with aneuploid tumor cells were more likely to have advanced stage (p = 0.032) than patients with diploid plasma cells, and all patients with renal failure had aneuploid tumors. Pretreatment factors significantly associated with survival included stage (p = 0.01), serum creatinine (p = 0.003), and tumor DNA content (p = 0.005). Multivariate analysis using the Cox life table regression procedure indicated that the significant relation of tumor DNA content with survival remained after adjusting for stage (p less than 0.005). Myeloma patients with diploid tumors at diagnosis frequently had aneuploid plasma cells at the time of relapse, indicating a possible relationship of chromosomal alterations in the tumor to clinical drug resistance. We conclude that aneuploid tumor cells at the time of diagnosis of myeloma are of independent prognostic significance, and the development of aneuploidy is a frequent occurrence at clinical relapse, suggesting the change in DNA content are of biologic and clinical significance.
Leukemic-like membrane properties acquired by B lymphocytes when depleted of 185,000-dalton macromolecular insoluble cold globulin
Authors: Simmonds MA , Sobczak G , Hauptman SP 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes can be phenotypically identified by the presence of one or both of two proteins, 225,000-dalton macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (225-MICG) and 185,000-dalton MICG (185-MICG). T cells synthesize and insert into their plasma membrane 225-MICG, null cells 185-MICG, and B cells both 225 and 185- MICG. In contrast, the monoclonal B cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia are characterized by the presence of 225-MICG and the absence of 185-MICG. We have recently found it possible to chemically deplete 185-MICG from viable normal B cells by treating them with diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), thus making normal B cells phenotypically resemble leukemic cells. In the present report we determined whether certain peculiar properties of these leukemic cells would be associated with the normal B cells chemically depleted of 185- MICG. In normal B cells, SIg diffuses in the lipid bilayer to form clusters and caps under appropriate conditions, while in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells this does not occur. Normal B cells depleted of 185-MICG fail to undergo capping of SIg or surface MICG under appropriate conditions. Both DFP-treated B cells and CLL cells tend to rupture when smeared on a glass slide. Both CLL cells and DFP- treated B cells fail to secrete 225-MICG after it has been synthesized intracellularly. The relationship of these findings to the mechanisms of secretion and capping are discussed.
Effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on human platelets
Authors: Chesney CM , Pifer DD , Byers LW , Muirhead EE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of pure synthetic PAF (1–0-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphorylcholine) was studied in human platelets. PAF (0.2--2.0 micrograms/ml) produced a dose-dependent aggregation in human platelet- rich plasma (PRP) or platelet suspension obtained by gel-filtration (GFP). In addition, PAF (0.8 microgram/ml) induced secretion of 14C- serotonin (45% +/- 10%; mean +/- SD, n = 9) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) (12.89 +/- 3.81 micrograms/10(9) platelets; n = 9) in PRP. Similar results were obtained in GFP. Aggregation and release of 14C-serotonin and PF4 were inhibited by the metabolic inhibitors 2-deoxyglucose (16.7 mM) and antimycin-A (8.3 micrograms/ml), by the membrane-active drugs mepacrine (10 microM) and chlorpromazine (0.025 mM), by PGI2 (5.34 nM), which elevates intracellular c-AMP, by indomethacin (10 microM) or aspirin (100 microM). The ADP scavengers, creatine phosphate and creatine phosphokinase (CP/CPK), inhibited the second wave of aggregation but not secretion. These data suggest that the major effect of PAF on human platelets is mediated through the cyclo-oxygenase pathway and not through a third pathway.
Sideroblastic anemia with markedly increased free erythrocyte protoporphyrin without dermal photosensitivity
Authors: Romslo I , Brun A , Sandberg S , Bottomley SS , Hovding G , Talstad I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with idiopathic sideroblastic anemia and atypical clinical and biochemical findings is described. He had a greatly increased erythrocyte and plasma protoporphyrin, but normal urine and fecal porphyrins. The erythrocyte protoporphyrin had a fluorescence spectrum typical of free protoporphyrin, but caused no photosensitivity. Bone marrow metal chelatase activity was normal. There were no clinical signs of liver disease. The abnormal porphyrin metabolism in this patient is not known though a number of explanations are discussed.