bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Losing the battle: Perceived status loss and contemplated or attempted suicide in older adults
Authors: Dombrovski Alexandre Y. , Aslinger Elizabeth , Wright Aidan G.C. , Szanto Katalin 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveWhile loss of socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked to suicidal behavior, it is unclear whether this experience is merely a downstream effect of psychopathology (“downward drift”), a sign of hardship, or an independent psychological contributor to suicide risk. We examined the association between the subjective experience of status loss and suicidal behavior and ideation in old age, while accounting for potential confounders. We were also interested in whether status loss was associated with mere thoughts of suicide vs. suicidal behavior.MethodsFifty older (55+) depressed suicide attempters, 29 depressed suicide ideators with no history of attempted suicide, 38 nonsuicidal depressed participants, and 45 nonpsychiatric controls underwent detailed clinical characterization and reported their current and highest lifetime SES.ResultsSuicide attempters were more likely to report a decline in their SES compared to healthy controls and nonsuicidal depressed older adults, while not differing from suicide ideators. This difference was not explained by objective predictors of SES, including education, financial difficulties, and the presence of addiction. Interestingly, while the current SES of suicide attempters was much lower than that of comparison groups, their reported highest lifetime SES was just as high, despite the differences in education.ConclusionIn older adults, the experience of status loss is associated with contemplated and attempted suicide even after accounting for objective indicators of social status and psychopathology. It is possible that suicidal individuals retrospectively inflate their previous status, making their current standing appear even worse by comparison.
TNF alpha inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review
Authors: Ekert Justyna O. , Gould Rebecca L. , Reynolds Gemma , Howard Robert J. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha inhibitors (TNF‐αI) on Alzheimer's disease‐associated pathology.DesignA literature search of PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases for human and animal studies that evaluated the use of TNF‐αI was performed on 26 October 2016.ResultsThe main outcomes assessed were cognition and behaviour, reduction in brain tissue mass, presence of plaques and tangles, and synaptic function. Risk of bias was assessed regarding blinding, statistical model, outcome reporting, and other biases. Sixteen studies were included, 13 of which were animal studies and 3 of which were human. All animal studies found that treatment with TNF‐αI leads to an improvement in cognition and behaviour. None of the studies measured change in brain tissue mass. The majority of studies documented a beneficial effect in other areas, including the presence of plaques and tangles and synaptic function. The amount of data from human studies was limited. Two out of 3 studies concluded that TNF‐αI are beneficial in Alzheimer's disease patients, with one being an observational study and the latter being a small pilot study, with a high risk of bias.ConclusionIt was concluded that a large‐scale randomized controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of TNF‐αI on humans is warranted.
Diminution of context association memory structure in subjects with subjective cognitive decline
Authors: Fan Ling‐Yun , Lai Ya‐Mei , Chen Ta‐Fu , Hsu Yung‐Chin , Chen Pin‐Yu , Huang Kuo‐Zhou , Cheng Ting‐Wen , Tseng Wen‐Yi Isaac , Hua Mau‐Sun , Chen Ya‐Fang , Chiu Ming‐Jang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) progresses insidiously from the preclinical stage to dementia. While people with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) have normal cognitive performance, some may be in the preclinical stage of AD. Neurofibrillary tangles appear first in the transentorhinal cortex, followed by the entorhinal cortex in the clinically silent stage of AD. We expected the earliest changes in subjects with SCD to occur in medial temporal subfields other than the hippocampal proper. These selective structural changes would affect specific memory subcomponents. We used the Family Picture subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale‐III, which was modified to separately compute character, activity, and location subscores for episodic memory subcomponents. We recruited 43 subjects with SCD, 44 subjects with amnesic mild cognitive impairment, and 34 normal controls. MRI was used to assess cortical thickness, subcortical gray matter volume, and fractional anisotropy. The results demonstrated that SCD subjects showed significant cortical atrophy in their bilateral parahippocampus and perirhinal and the left entorhinal cortices but not in their hippocampal regions. SCD subjects also exhibited significantly decreased mean fractional anisotropy in their bilateral uncinate fasciculi. The diminution of cortical thickness over the mesial temporal subfields corresponded to brain areas with early tangle deposition, and early degradation of the uncinate fasciculus was in accordance with the retrogenesis hypothesis. The parahippocampus and perirhinal cortex contribute mainly to context association memory while the entorhinal cortex, along with the uncinate fasciculus, contributes to content‐related contextual memory. We proposed that context association and related memory structures are vulnerable in the SCD stage.
Anatomy‐guided joint tissue segmentation and topological correction for 6‐month infant brain MRI with risk of autism
Authors: Wang Li , Li Gang , Adeli Ehsan , Liu Mingxia , Wu Zhengwang , Meng Yu , Lin Weili , Shen Dinggang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTissue segmentation of infant brain MRIs with risk of autism is critically important for characterizing early brain development and identifying biomarkers. However, it is challenging due to low tissue contrast caused by inherent ongoing myelination and maturation. In particular, at around 6 months of age, the voxel intensities in both gray matter and white matter are within similar ranges, thus leading to the lowest image contrast in the first postnatal year. Previous studies typically employed intensity images and tentatively estimated tissue probabilities to train a sequence of classifiers for tissue segmentation. However, the important prior knowledge of brain anatomy is largely ignored during the segmentation. Consequently, the segmentation accuracy is still limited and topological errors frequently exist, which will significantly degrade the performance of subsequent analyses. Although topological errors could be partially handled by retrospective topological correction methods, their results may still be anatomically incorrect. To address these challenges, in this article, we propose an anatomy‐guided joint tissue segmentation and topological correction framework for isointense infant MRI. Particularly, we adopt a signed distance map with respect to the outer cortical surface as anatomical prior knowledge, and incorporate such prior information into the proposed framework to guide segmentation in ambiguous regions. Experimental results on the subjects acquired from National Database for Autism Research demonstrate the effectiveness to topological errors and also some levels of robustness to motion. Comparisons with the state‐of‐the‐art methods further demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method in terms of both segmentation accuracy and topological correctness.
Hydrograph separation using tracers and digital filters to quantify runoff components in a semi‐arid mesoscale catchment
Authors: Saraiva Okello Aline Maraci Lopes , Uhlenbrook Stefan , Jewitt Graham P.W. , Masih Ilyas , Riddell Edward Sebastian , Van der Zaag Pieter 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChemical hydrograph separation using electrical conductivity and digital filters is applied to quantify runoff components in the 1,640 km2 semi‐arid Kaap River catchment and its subcatchments in South Africa. A rich data set of weekly to monthly water quality data ranging from 1978 to 2012 (450 to 940 samples per site) was analysed at 4 sampling locations in the catchment. The data were routinely collected by South Africa's national Department of Water and Sanitation, using standard sampling procedures. Chemical hydrograph separation using electrical conductivity (EC) as a tracer was used as reference and a recursive digital filter was then calibrated for the catchment. Results of the two‐component hydrograph separation indicate the dominance of baseflow in the low flow regime, with a contribution of about 90% of total flow; however, during the wet season, baseflow accounts for 50% of total flow. The digital filter parameters were very sensitive and required calibration, using chemical hydrograph separation as a reference. Calibrated baseflow estimates ranged from 40% of total flow at the catchment outlet to 70% in the tributaries. The study demonstrates that routinely monitored water quality data, especially EC, can be used as a meaningful tracer, which could also aid in the calibration of a digital filter method and reduce uncertainty of estimated flow components. This information enhances our understanding of how baseflow is generated and contributed to streamflow throughout the year, which can aid in quantification of environmental flows, as well as to better parameterize hydrological models used for water resources planning and management. Baseflow estimates can also be useful for groundwater and water quality management.
Xanthohumol ameliorates 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin–induced cellular toxicity in cultured MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells
Authors: Suh Kwang Sik , Choi Eun Mi , Kim Hyun‐Sook , Park So Young , Chin Sang Ouk , Rhee Sang Youl , Pak Youngmi Kim , Choe Wonchae , Ha Joohun , Chon Suk 
Published: March 2018

Abstract2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental contaminant. Xanthohumol is a prenylated flavonoid found in hops (Humulus lupulus) and beer. The aim of the current study was to explore the role of xanthohumol in modulating the toxicity of TCDD in MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells. In cells treated with TCDD alone, intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, reactive oxygen species production, cardiolipin peroxidation, nitric oxide release and cytochrome P450 1A1 expression were significantly increased. TCDD treatment increased the mRNA levels of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 and nuclear factor kappa B, and significantly decreased the level of protein kinase B (AKT) in MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells. However, the presence of xanthohumol alleviated the pathological effects of TCDD. In addition, xanthohumol treatment significantly increased the expression of genes associated with osteoblast differentiation (alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin and osterix). We conclude that xanthohumol has a beneficial influence and may antagonize TCDD toxicity in osteoblastic cells.
Sarcopenia and Its Clinical Correlates in the General Population: The Rotterdam Study
Authors: Trajanoska Katerina , Schoufour Josje D , Darweesh Sirwan KL , Benz Elizabeth , Medina-Gomez Carolina , Alferink Louise JM , Lahousse Lies , Brusselle Guy , Stricker Bruno , Darwish Murad Sarwa , Zillikens M Carola , Uitterlinden Andre G , Ikram M Arfan , Franco Oscar H , Rivadeneira Fernando 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Sarcopenia, a complex multifactorial condition, is characterized by loss of muscle mass and function, which increases progressively with age. The existence of different definitions has contributed to the large variation in the prevalence estimates of sarcopenia. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia in the general population using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) proposed definition and compared baseline demographic and clinical characteristics between the nonsarcopenia, presarcopenia, and sarcopenia individuals, with particular emphasis on the overlap with osteoporosis and fracture risk. We studied 5911 subjects at a mean age of 69.2 years (55.8% female) with data on sarcopenia participating in the Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based cohort study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Presarcopenia was defined as having only low muscle mass, whereas sarcopenia was defined based on the presence of low muscle mass, plus either low muscle strength or low physical performance. The prevalence of presarcopenia and sarcopenia was 5.9% and 4.4%, respectively. Individuals with sarcopenia were older, more often males, smokers, with less optimal dietary intake, and more often disabled with lower physical activity. Although the prevalence of fractures was higher in individuals with low lean mass (presarcopenic [16.6%] and sarcopenic [23.5%]) compared with the no sarcopenic group (15.5%), the differences were not present after correcting for age and sex. There were no statistical differences in the prevalence of chronic diseases, with the exception of a higher prevalence of COPD in presarcopenic (29.1%) and sarcopenic (26.9%) individuals compared with nonsarcopenic (13.4%) individuals. Osteoporotic individuals with (odds ratio [OR] = 2.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41–4.45) and without sarcopenia (OR = 2.75, 95% CI 2.01–3.75) had similar elevated risk of nonvertebral fractures. The presence of sarcopenia appears to be independent of chronic diseases with the exception of COPD and more related to lifestyle factors and disabilities. Sarcopenic individuals in the general population are at no greater risk of fracture than what is determined by their low bone mineral density. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
FGF23 Neutralizing Antibody Partially Improves Bone Mineralization Defect of HMWFGF2 Isoforms in Transgenic Female Mice
Authors: Xiao Liping , Homer-Bouthiette Collin , Hurley Marja M 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Mice overexpressing high molecular weight FGF2 isoforms (HMWTg) in osteoblast lineage phenocopy human X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) and a Hyp murine model of XLH demonstrating increased FGF23/FGF receptor signaling and hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia. Because HMWFGF2 was upregulated in bones of Hyp mice and abnormal FGF23 signaling is important in XLH, HMWTg mice were used to examine the effect of the FGF23 neutralizing antibody (FGF23Ab). Eight-week-old female Vector control mice and HMWTg mice were treated with FGF23Ab or control IgG. A single injection of FGF23Ab rescued abnormal hypophosphatemia in HMWTg. The decreased type II sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporter (Npt2a) was rescued by FGF23Ab treatment. Inappropriately low serum 1,25(OH)2D in HMWTg mice was normalized by FGF23Ab treatment, which is accompanied by increased anabolic vitamin D hydroxylase Cyp27b1 and decreased catabolic vitamin D hydroxylase Cyp24 mRNA in kidney. Long-term treatment with FGF23Ab normalized femur length and significantly increased vertebrae BMD and BMC, and femur BMC in HMWTg mice compared to IgG-treated HMWTg mice. Micro–computed tomography (μCT) revealed increased cortical porosity and decreased cortical apparent density in the HMWTg-IgG group compared with the Vector-IgG group; however, FGF23Ab treatment rescued defective cortical mineralization, decreased porosity, and increased apparent density in HMWTg mice. Bone histomorphometry analysis showed FGF23Ab treatment decreased osteoid volume, increased intra-label thickness, mineralization apposition rate, and bone formation rate in HMWTg mice. FGF23Ab improved disorganized double labeling in femurs from HMWTg mice. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of tibia shafts showed FGF23Ab treatment normalized the osteocalcin (Ocn) mRNA expression in HMWTg mice, but further increased expression of SIBLING protein–related and pyrophosphate-related genes that are important in matrix mineralization, suggesting that HMWFGF2 modulates these genes independent of FGF23. We conclude that FGF23Ab partially rescued hypophosphatemic osteomalacia in HMWTg. However, long-term treatment with FGF23Ab further increased SIBLING protein–related genes and pyrophosphate-related genes in bone that could contribute to incomplete rescue of the mineralization defect. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
BD PhaSeal™ and particulate contamination
Authors: Smith Evonne Katherine , Sharma Rajinder , Stacey Sonya 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe closed system transfer device, BD PhaSeal™, is used to compound individual doses of cytotoxic medication in the Aseptic Production Unit (APU) of the Lady Cilento Children's Hospital (LCCH) Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The APU noted a large number of cytotoxic medications compounded using BD PhaSeal™ required remaking of the product due to visible particulate contamination. The small gray particulate contaminate was assumed to be rubber bung produced by ‘coring’ the rubber stopper of the drug vial when using the BD PhaSeal™ Protector P50 as part of the compounding process.AimThe aim of this study was to determine if substituting the BD PhaSeal™ Protector P50 with the BD PhaSeal™ Protector P55 reduced the level of particulate contamination in cytotoxic compounded products.MethodPhase 1 – baseline collection of contamination over 4 months. Phase 2 – substitute the Protector P50 with the P55 into the compounding process to compound a single medicine product, vincristine in sodium chloride 0.9% 50 mL bags for 2 weeks. Phase 3 – substitute the Protector P50 with the P55 into the compounding process of all cytotoxic medicines for 4 months.ResultsPhase 1 – 134 products were contaminated out of 2501 compounded products (5.3%). Phase 2 – one out of 75 vincristine products had particulate contamination (1.3%) using P55. Phase 3 – 28 contaminated products out of 3877 (0.72%) using P55.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that substituting BD PhaSeal™ Protector P50 with the Protector P55 reduced the incidence of particulate contamination of cytotoxic medicines from 5.3–0.72% of products. This provides significant resource and financial benefits.
Pregabalin‐induced parkinsonism 72 hours after iodinated contrast administration
Authors: Prado‐Mel Elena , Gil‐López Marìa , Navarro‐Corrales Maria del Carmen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundPregabalin is a drug which requires dose adjustment when renal clearance decreases below 60 mL/min.AimWe describe a case in which a 58‐year‐old woman, taking pregabalin for 3 years, developed symptoms of parkinsonism due to worsening of her kidney failure.Clinical detailsA 58‐year‐old woman developed symptoms of parkinsonism characterised by bradypsychia and drowsiness, inability to ambulate, stiffness in the extremities and loss of facial expression. Four days earlier the patient had undergone an abdominal computed axial tomography scan with iodinated contrast medium and her renal function had failed. Neurological exploration and image testing were performed with inconclusive results. Her treatment was revised and pregabalin was discontinued.OutcomesParkinsonian symptoms disappeared 10 days after the discontinuation of pregabalin.ConclusionsThis is the first reported case of pregabalin‐induced parkinsonism associated with acute renal failure or exacerbation of chronic renal failure. The monitoring of renal function in patients taking pregabalin is essential to prevent future similar adverse events.
Impact of pharmacist‐led education sessions on the knowledge and practice of calcium carbonate administration among Malaysian chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Rajah Retha , Eng May Fern , Tan Siao Yin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundCalcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the most used phosphate binder among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in Malaysian hospitals. Hence, it is crucial for patients to have adequate knowledge and practice of CaCO3 administration for effective phosphate‐lowering therapy. Patient education serves as a keystone in inducing positive changes in patients’ knowledge and practices.AimTo evaluate the impact of pharmacist‐led education sessions (PLES), an educational approach in improving patients’ knowledge and practices regarding CaCO3 administration.MethodA total of 57 CKD patients prescribed CaCO3 were enrolled in a prospective, cross‐sectional study at the nephrology unit of a public‐funded hospital in Penang, Malaysia. Their baseline knowledge and practices of CaCO3 administration were assessed using a validated questionnaire consisting of five questions in the knowledge and practice sections, respectively. A patient's total score of less than seven was considered unsatisfactory, and these patients were provided PLES by pharmacists experienced in kidney health. After an interval of 4 weeks, patients were reassessed with the same set of questions.ResultsThe median (interquartile range) knowledge and practice scores before PLES were 0 (0, 1) and 3 (3, 5), respectively, while the overall score was 4 (3, 5). A significant improvement was demonstrated after PLES in the knowledge score (3 (2, 4) (p < 0.001)), practice score (5 (5, 5) (p < 0.001)) and overall score (7 (6, 9) (p < 0.001)). All the questions assessing CKD patients’ knowledge and practices showed significant improvement after PLES.ConclusionPharmacist‐led education sessions have an impact on improving CKD patient's knowledge and practices regarding CaCO3 administration.
The Rametrix™ LITE Toolbox v1.0 for MATLAB®
Authors: Fisher Amanda K. , Carswell William F. , Athamneh Ahmad I.M. , Sullivan Meaghan C. , Robertson John L. , Bevan David R. , Senger Ryan S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo contribute to the growing interest in using Raman spectroscopy to analyze biological samples and provide chemometric analysis, we have developed a Raman Chemometrics (Rametrix™) Toolbox for use with MATLAB®. The LITE version of the Rametrix™ Toolbox is free to academic users through GitHub (https://github.com/SengerLab/RametrixLITEToolbox) and provides a graphical user interface for application of the following to Raman spectra: baseline correction with the Goldindec algorithm, vector or specific band normalization, principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), identification of wavenumber loadings for PCA and DAPC, and calculation of total canonical distance. Raman spectroscopy and analysis with the Rametrix™ LITE Toolbox were applied to generate calibration curves, monitor enzymatic reactions, and track Escherichia coli culture growth. Results were quantitatively consistent with traditional methods of analysis. Additionally, the ability to distinguish urine specimens from healthy individuals and from patients receiving treatment for chronic kidney disease through peritoneal dialysis was demonstrated using PCA and DAPC of Raman spectra, suggesting future applications to detect or monitor progression of the disease. Overall, the Rametrix™ LITE Toolbox provides a streamlined application of PCA and DAPC chemometric techniques, and total canonical distance offers an additional quantitative measure to interpret Raman spectra of biological samples.