bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geology datasets in North America, Greenland and surrounding areas for use with ice sheet models
Authors: Gowan Evan J. , Niu Lu , Knorr Gregor , Lohmann Gerrit 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The ice–substrate interface is an important boundary condition for ice sheet
modelling. The substrate affects the ice sheet by allowing sliding through
sediment deformation and accommodating the storage and drainage of subglacial
water. We present three datasets on a 1 : 5 000 000 scale with different
geological parameters for the region that was covered by the ice sheets in
North America, including Greenland and Iceland. The first dataset includes
the distribution of surficial sediments, which is separated into continuous,
discontinuous and predominantly rock categories. The second dataset includes
sediment grain size properties, which is divided into three classes: clay,
silt and sand, based on the dominant grain size of the fine fraction of the
glacial sediments. The third dataset is the generalized bedrock geology. We
demonstrate the utility of these datasets for governing ice sheet dynamics by
using an ice sheet model with a simulation that extends through the last
glacial cycle. In order to demonstrate the importance of the basal boundary
conditions for ice sheet modelling, we changed the shear friction angle to
account for a weaker substrate and found changes up to 40 % in ice
thickness compared to a reference run. Although incorporation of the ice–bed
boundary remains model dependent, our dataset provides an observational
baseline for improving a critical weakness in current ice sheet modelling
(https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.895889, Gowan et al., 2018b).
The effects on student retention by implementing contextualised, program-specific learning modules in an online student success course
Authors: McLeod Jaime J 
Published: March 2019

This practice report examines the results of inserting program-specific, contextualised modules and instructors into an online student success course in a two-year college environment. The results of multiple semesters of pre-contextualised instruction (Northern Hemisphere Spring and Fall 2015) and post-contextualisation instruction (Northern Hemisphere Fall 2016 and Spring 2017), showed an increase in next semester retention. Additionally, ten student success course instructors were interviewed to determine critical elements of the course. Instructors revealed that time management, stress management, and program-specific assignments were the most beneficial components of the course.
Subjective well-being among first-year university students: A two-wave prospective study in Flanders, Belgium
Authors: De Coninck David , Matthijs Koen , Luyten Patrick 
Published: March 2019

In the transition from secondary to tertiary education, first-year students experience stress due to the academic, cultural, and social environment they must adapt to. This may negatively impact their subjective well-being, which in turn may negatively influence academic performance and increase the probability of dropping out. We report findings from a two-wave online study involving first-year students enrolled in a sociology course at the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences at the University of Leuven (Belgium). Students completed self-report questionnaires on sociodemographic background, subjective well-being, parental relationship quality, and personality, at the start (Time 1) and end (Time 2) of the first semester. 194 students (35%) completed measures at both times. Results show that subjective well-being decreased from the beginning to the end of the first semester. Well-being at university was positively, and feelings of depression negatively, related to subjective well-being at Time 1 and Time 2. Female students reported lower well-being than male students at Time 2 but not Time 1. The quality of the mother–child, but not the father–child, relationship was positively related to subjective well-being at Time 1 and Time 2.
BRAF Mutation Status in Primary, Recurrent, and Metastatic Malignant Melanoma and Its Relation to Histopathological Parameters
Authors: Spathis Aris , Katoulis Alexander C , Damaskou Vasileia , Liakou Aikaterini I. , Kottaridi Christine , Leventakou Danai , Sgouros Dimitrios , Mamantopoulos Andreas , Rigopoulos Dimitrios , Karakitsos Petros , Panayiotides Ioannis G. 
Published: March 2019

Background: BRAF mutations are a common finding in malignant melanoma (MM). Nevertheless, apart from their significance as a therapeutic target in advanced melanoma, their prognostic value is still debated.Objective: To assess BRAF mutation status in primary, recurrent, or metastatic MM and its correlations with histopathological findings.Methods: We analyzed 203 samples from 178 consecutive patients: 129 primary cutaneous MM, 49 metastatic and recurrent MM of unknown primary site, and 25 cases of recurrences or metastases of primary MM. BRAF mutations in exon 15 were identified with real-time polymerase chain reaction and/or direct sequencing or pyrosequencing. Histopathological examination was performed according to standard procedures.Results: We observed a 42.1% prevalence of BRAF mutations at codon 600 among our patients, 84% of whom harbored the V600E mutation. Mutations showed a statistically significant increase in younger patients (P = 0.011), in ulcerated tumors (P = 0.020), and in tumors lacking solar elastosis in adjacent dermis (P = 0.008). Mutations were also more common in male patients, as well as in primary MMs of the torso, and in nonvisceral metastases, however without reaching statistical significance. Logistic regression analysis identified type and ulceration as the only significant predictors of BRAF mutation. The highest frequencies of mutated BRAF were identified in superficial spreading and nodular types, and the lowest in acral lentiginous and lentigo maligna types. In situ MM and primary dermal melanoma displayed intermediate frequencies.Conclusion: Frequency of mutated BRAF is type-related and correlated with ulceration, a known adverse prognostic factor.
Determination of two fluoroquinolones and their combinations with hyaluronan effect inin vitrocanine cartilage explants
Authors: Siengdee Puntita , Pradit Waranee , Chomdej Siriwadee , Nganvongpanit Korakot 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundPrevious studies reported the effect of enrofloxacin (Enro) and marbofloxacin (Mar) on cell death and alteration of the key genes involved in catabolic and anabolic processes and demonstrated the beneficial effects of hyaluronan (HA) combined with fluoroquinolones (FQs) on primary canine chondrocytes. This study further determines the effects of these treatments on canine cartilage explants in both normal and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)-stimulated conditions.MethodsWe examined sulfate glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) release, uronic acid (UA) content, and safranin-O staining, as well as the expression patterns of inflammatory, extracellular matrix (ECM) component and enzymes.ResultsEnro treatment alone effectively stimulated proteoglycan anabolism by increasing UA content and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in normal and pre-IL-1β-stimulated explant, whereas Mar showed opposite results. The combination of HA and FQs increased s-GAG release and UA content in normal explants in addition to effective down-regulated expression ofMMP3. HA reduced the adverse effects of Mar by enhancing UA and GAG contents in both normal and pre-IL-1β-explants. Moreover, HA effectively inducedHAS1andACANup-regulation and reducedMMP9, TNF, PTGS2,andNFKB1expression for a long term.DiscussionOur results suggest the direct effects of Enro and Mar may selectively stimulate the conditioned explants to express MMP-codinggenes and promote gene expression involved in matrix production, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cell degradation in different directions. HA successfully reduced the adverse effects of FQs by enhancing s-GAG and UA contents and down-regulated expression of MMPs.
Olive Oil‐Based Ultrafine Theranostic Photo Nanoemulsions: A Versatile Tumor Maneuvering Nanoplatform for Precise Controlled Drug Release in Tumor and Complete Tumor Eradication Mediated by Photo‐Chemotherapy
Authors: Rejinold N. Sanoj , Cherukula Kondareddy , Ha Jong Hoon , Park In‐Kyu , Kim Yeu‐Chun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) is an efficient approach to treat tumors. However, heterogeneous distribution of heat by PTT in the tumor region often results in tumor regrowth and metastasis. Integrating PTT with chemotherapy in a precisely controlled tumor maneuvering and drug‐releasing nanoconstruct will be an ideal strategy for higher therapeutic index. Herein, nanoemulsions (NEMSn) based on a highly biocompatible extra virgin olive oil are developed to encapsulate IR‐780 for PTT and near infrared fluorescence imaging as well as doxorubicin (DOX) for chemotherapy. NEMSn are further stabilized with Tween‐20 and hyaluronic acid to form an ultrafine theranostic photo nanoemulsions (UTPNEMSn) for combinatorial photo‐chemotherapy. Once injected into the system, UTPNEMS homes to the tumor region owing to passive targeting. Tumor accumulated UTPNEMSn readily destabilizes upon laser irradiation to release the DOX, thereby synergizing the therapeutic effects of DOX and PTT. In vivo studies demonstrate a complete tumor eradication without tumor recurrence or systemic toxicity, owing to their biocompatible formulation. By virtue of the olive oil based NEMSNs and precise controlled drug releasing properties collaborating with the synergistic therapeutic modalities, UTPNEMSn are able to provide a promising method for controlled drug delivery systems.
High‐Performance Relaxor Ferroelectric Materials for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Zhao Peiyao , Wang Hongxian , Wu Longwen , Chen Lingling , Cai Ziming , Li Longtu , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRelaxor ferroelectrics usually possess low remnant polarizations and slim hystereses, which can provide high saturated polarizations and superior energy conversion efficiencies, thus receiving increasing interest as energy storage materials with high discharge energy densities and fast discharge ability. In this study, a relaxor ferroelectric multilayer energy storage ceramic capacitor (MLESCC) based on 0.87BaTiO3‐0.13Bi(Zn2/3(Nb0.85Ta0.15)1/3)O3 (BT‐BZNT) with inexpensive Ag/Pd inner electrodes is prepared by the tape casting method. The MLESCC with two dielectric layers (layer thicknesses of 5 µm) sintered by a two‐step sintering method exhibits excellent energy storage properties with a record‐high discharge energy density of 10.12 J cm−3, a high energy efficiency of 89.4% achieved at an electric field of 104.7 MV m−1, a high temperature stability of the energy storage density (with minimal variation of <±5%), and energy efficiency (>90%) over a range of −75 to 150 °C at 40 MV m−1. These results suggest that the BT‐BZNT relaxor ferroelectric ceramic material can provide realistic solutions for high‐power energy storage capacitors.
Disordered, Large Interlayer Spacing, and Oxygen‐Rich Carbon Nanosheets for Potassium Ion Hybrid Capacitor
Authors: Chen Jiangtao , Yang Bingjun , Hou Hongjun , Li Hongxia , Liu Li , Zhang Li , Yan Xingbin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPotassium ion storage technology as a promising substitute for the well‐developed lithium ion storage technology is still at the infancy stage of development, and exploring suitable electrode materials is critical for its practical application. Here, the great feasibility of disordered, large interlayer spacing, and oxygen‐rich carbon nanosheets (CNSs) prepared by chemical vapor deposition for potassium ion storage applications is demonstrated. As an anode material, the CNSs exhibit outstanding rate capability as well as excellent cyclic stability. Taking advantage of this, a potassium ion hybrid capacitor (PIHC) is constructed by employing such CNSs as the battery‐type anode and activated carbon as the capacitor‐type cathode. The resulting device displays a high energy density of 149 Wh kg−1, an ultrahigh power output of 21 kW kg−1, as well as a long cycling life (80% capacity retention after 5000 cycles), which are all close to the state‐of‐the‐art values for PIHCs. This work promotes the development of high‐performance anode material for potassium ion storage devices, and the designed PIHC pushes the energy density and power density to a higher level.
Current status of postoperative infections after digestive surgery in Japan: The Japan Postoperative Infectious Complications Survey in 2015
Authors: Niitsuma Toru , Kusachi Shinya , Takesue Yoshio , Mikamo Hiroshige , Asai Koji , Watanabe Manabu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo survey postoperative infections (PI) after digestive surgery.MethodsThis survey, conducted by the Japan Society of Surgical Infection, included patients undergoing digestive surgery at 28 centers between September 2015 and March 2016. Data collected included patient background characteristics, type of surgery, contamination status, and type of PI, including surgical site infection (SSI), remote infection (RI), and antimicrobial‐resistant (AMR) bacterial infections and colonization.ResultsPostoperative infections occurred in 10.7% of 6582 patients who underwent digestive surgery (6.8% for endoscopic surgery and 18.7% for open surgery). SSI and RI, including respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, antibiotic‐associated diarrhea, drain infection, and catheter‐related bloodstream infection, occurred in 8.9% and 3.7% of patients, respectively. Among all PI, 13.2% were overlapping infections. The most common overlapping infections were incisional and organ/space SSI, which occurred in 4.2% of patients. AMR bacterial infections occurred in 1.2% of patients after digestive surgery and comprised 11.5% of all PI. Rate of AMR bacterial colonization after digestive surgery was only 0.3%.ConclusionPeriodic surveillance of PI, including AMR bacteria, is necessary for a detailed evaluation of nosocomial infections.
Accelerating chimeric antigen receptor therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: The development and challenges of chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Bair Steven M. , Porter David L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStudies of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have demonstrated the potential to produce deep remissions—and possibly cures—in some patients with heavily pretreated, high‐risk, relapsed, and refractory disease. Unfortunately, most clinical trials of CAR T cells in CLL report complete responses only in the minority of patients, although recent studies have begun to elucidate the factors most predictive of response. These studies have suggested strategies for optimizing CAR T‐cell fitness as well as the pre‐existing host immune response, approaches that will likely lead to improvements in the efficacy of CAR T cells in CLL. Treating patients earlier in the course of their disease or using combination therapies with CAR T cells may further enhance efficacy. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on CAR T cell therapy in CLL, discuss mechanisms of response and resistance, and describe challenges facing the field.
Knockout of ISCA1 causes early embryonic death in rats
Authors: Yang Xinlan , Lu Dan , Zhang Xu , Chen Wei , Gao Shan , Dong Wei , Ma Yuanwu , Zhang Lianfeng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundIron‐sulfur cluster assembly 1 (ISCA1) is an iron‐sulfur (Fe/S) carrier protein that accepts Fe/S from a scaffold protein and transfers it to target proteins including the mitochondrial Fe/S containing proteins. ISCA1 is also the newly identified causal gene for multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome (MMDS). However, our knowledge about the physiological function of ISCA1 in vivo is currently limited. In this study, we generated an ISCA1 knockout rat line and analyzed the embryo development.MethodsISCA1 knockout rats were generated by replacing the exon1 of ISCA1 gene with the mCherry‐Cre fusion gene using CRISPR‐Cas9 technology. The ISCA1 expression pattern was analyzed by fluorescence imaging using ISCA1 promotor driven Cre and mCherry expression. The embryonic morphology was examinated by microscope and mitochondrial proteins were tested by Western blot.ResultsAn ISCA1 knockout rat line was obtained, which expressed mCherry‐Cre fusion protein. Both of the fluorescence images from mCherry and Cre induced mCherry in a reporter rat strain, showing that ISCA1 expressed in most of the tissues in rats. The ISCA1 knockout resulted in abnormal development at 8.5 days, with a significant decrease of NDUFA9 protein and an increase of aconitase 2 (ACO2) in rat embryos.ConclusionDeletion of ISCA1 induced early death in rats. ISCA1 affected the expression of key proteins in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex, suggesting that ISCA1 has an important influence on the respiratory complex and energy metabolism.
Charge Reconfiguration in Isolated Quantum Dot Arrays
Authors: Bayer Johannes C. , Wagner Timo , Rugeramigabo Eddy P. , Haug Rolf J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA high level of tunability and control over arrays of quantum dots are key ingredients toward the goal of scalable‐based qubit architectures. Increasing array size simultaneously increases the parameter space and therefore the tuning complexity. The electron reconfiguration behavior of quantum dot arrays isolated from the electron reservoirs is studied experimentally. Isolating a quantum dot array from the reservoirs does not only enable a high degree of control over the tunnel couplings but at the same time drastically simplifies the stability diagrams for small numbers of electrons trapped in the array. Experimental results on double, triple, and quadruple quantum dot arrays are presented and complementary model calculations allow the identification of all transitions observed in the experiment. Highly tunable long‐range transitions are observed in isolated triple quantum dots and evidence of higher‐order cotunneling is found for the quadruple quantum dot array.
Fluorescence Probing of Active Lithium Distribution in Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Cheng Xiangyang , Xian Fang , Hu Zhenglin , Wang Chen , Du Xiaofan , Zhang Huanrui , Chen Shougang , Dong Shanmu , Cui Guanglei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites and the accumulation of byproducts are two severe concerns for lithium metal batteries, which leads to safety hazards and a low Coulombic efficiency. To investigate the deterioration of the cell, it is important to figure out the distribution of active Li species on the anode surface and distinguish Li dendrites from byproducts. However, it is still challenging to identify these issues by conventional visual observation methods. In this work, we introduce a novel fluorescent probing strategy using 9,10‐dimethylanthracene (DMA). By marking the cycled Li‐anode surface, the active Li distribution can be visualized by the fluorescence quenching of DMA reacting with active Li. The method demonstrates validity for electrolyte selection and predictive detection of uneven Li deposition on Li metal anodes. Furthermore, the location of dendrites can be clearly identified after destructive utilization of the anode, which will contribute to the development of failure‐analysis technology for Li metal batteries.
Transforming Ionene Polymers into Efficient Cathode Interlayers with Pendent Fullerenes
Authors: Liu Yao , Sheri Madhu , Cole Marcus D. , Yu Duk Man , Emrick Todd , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA new and highly efficient cathode interlayer material for organic photovoltaics (OPVs) was produced by integrating C60 fullerene monomers into ionene polymers. The power of these novel “C60‐ionenes” for interface modification enables the use of numerous high work‐function metals (e.g., silver, copper, and gold) as the cathode in efficient OPV devices. C60‐ionene boosted power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of solar cells, fabricated with silver cathodes, from 2.79 % to 10.51 % for devices with a fullerene acceptor in the active layer, and from 3.89 % to 11.04 % for devices with a non‐fullerene acceptor in the active layer, demonstrating the versatility of this interfacial layer. The introduction of fullerene moieties dramatically improved the conductivity of ionene polymers, affording devices with high efficiency by reducing charge accumulation at the cathode/active layer interface. The power of C60‐ionene to improve electron injection and extraction between metal electrodes and organic semiconductors highlights its promise to overcome energy barriers at the hard‐soft materials interface to the benefit of organic electronics.
A meso‐Tetraaryl‐21‐carbaporphyrin: Incorporation of a Cyclopentadiene Unit into a Porphyrin Architecture
Authors: Garbicz Mateusz , Latos‐Grażyński Lechosław 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIncorporation of a cyclopentadiene moiety into the meso‐tetraarylporphyrin framework, using 1,3‐bis(arylhydroxymethyl)ferrocene as a synthon, resulted in the rational synthesis of a meso‐tetraaryl‐21‐carbaporphyrin. The molecular design preserves all essential virtues of the original tetrapyrrolic architecture of meso‐tetraarylporphyrin, including the perfect match between the ionic radii of an inserted metal and the size of the macrocyclic (CNNN) core, and steric protection provided by thoughtfully chosen meso‐aryl substituents. Its protonation of the inner core reveal an adjustable (trigonal versus tetrahedral) geometry.
Mizellare Katalyse für Ruthenium(II)‐katalysierte C‐H‐Arylierung: Schwache Koordination ermöglicht C‐H‐Aktivierung in H2O
Authors: Yetra Santhivardhana Reddy , Rogge Torben , Warratz Svenja , Struwe Julia , Peng Wentao , Vana Philipp , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn mizellarer Katalyse wurden chemoselektive C‐H‐Arylierungen durch einen vielseitigen, wohl definierten Rutheniumkatalysator ermöglicht. Diese Strategie eröffnete einen praktischen Zugang zu C‐H‐arylierten Ferrocenen, toleriert eine Vielzahl an funktionellen Gruppen und ermöglicht eine breite Anwendung durch schwache Koordination. Die Nachhaltigkeit der C‐H‐Arylierung zeigt sich besonders in der herausragenden Atomökonomie und den Recyclingstudien. Detaillierte computerchemische Studien untermauern einen durch Thioketon assistierten leichtgängigen C‐H Aktivierungsschritt.
Shifting Oxygen Charge Towards Octahedral Metal: A Way to Promote Water Oxidation on Cobalt Spinel Oxides
Authors: Sun Shengnan , Sun Yuanmiao , Zhou Ye , Xi Shibo , Ren Xiao , Huang Bicheng , Liao Hanbin , Wang Luyuan Paul , Du Yonghua , Xu Zhichuan J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCobalt spinel oxides are a class of promising transition metal (TM) oxides for catalyzing oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Their catalytic activity depends on the electronic structure. In a spinel oxide lattice, each oxygen anion is shared amongst its four nearest transition metal cations, of which one is located within the tetrahedral interstices and the remaining three cations are in the octahedral interstices. This work uncovered the influence of oxygen anion charge distribution on the electronic structure of the redox‐active building block Co−O. The charge of oxygen anion tends to shift toward the octahedral‐occupied Co instead of tetrahedral‐occupied Co, which hence produces strong orbital interaction between octahedral Co and O. Thus, the OER activity can be promoted by pushing more Co into the octahedral site or shifting the oxygen charge towards the redox‐active metal center in CoO6 octahedra.