bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in patients with liver cirrhosis in Beijing
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhao Hong , Ji Shi-Bo , Xing Hui-Chun 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
The incidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae ) infection in patients with cirrhosis has been increasing over recent years, posing certain difficulties in clinical treatment.
AIM
To analyze the clinical features of patients with liver cirrhosis and identify the risk factors to help the early diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
METHODS
Clinical data and laboratory tests were collected from 72 patients with cirrhosis confirmed by secretion or blood culture of K. pneumoniae infection at Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, between May 2016 and October 2018. Data from hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis and K. pneumoniae infections, including age, sex, antimicrobial use, length of stay, site of infection, distribution of pathogenic bacteria, complications, invasive operations, laboratory indicators, treatment, and clinical regression, were extracted and retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data and biochemical values were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 52 men and 20 women, with an age range from 29 to 85 years and an average age of 57.7 ± 12.54, were analyzed. The incidence of hospital K. pneumoniae infection in patients with cirrhosis was approximately 19.44%. The most common the infection site was the bloodstream, followed by the respiratory tract, abdominal cavity, and biliary tract. Risk factors for infection were old age, long hospital stays, gastrointestinal bleeding, and low serum albumin levels, while prophylactic antibiotics were protective factors. The multivariate analysis suggested that other infections, chronic diseases, and invasive procedures were independent factors.
CONCLUSION
In clinical practice, the length of hospital stays should be shortened as much as possible, invasive operations should be reduced, antibiotics should be rationally used, and the patients’ liver function should be timely improved. This is of great significance for reducing the incidence of hospital infection.
Hypoxia upregulates hepatic angiopoietin-2 transcription to promote the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Jun-Ling , Yang Jie , Fang Rong-Fei , Sai Wen-Li , Yao Deng-Fu , Yao Min 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) level is related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. However, the dynamic expression and regulatory mechanism of Ang-2 remain unclear.
AIM
To investigate Ang-2 levels in chronic liver diseases and validate early monitoring value with a dynamic model in hepatocarcinogenesis.
METHODS
Sprague-Dawley rats in hepatocarcinogenesis were induced with diet 2-fluorenylacet-amide, and grouped based on liver histopathology by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Differently expressed genes or Ang-2 mRNA in livers were analyzed by whole-genome microarray. Ang-2 levels in chronic liver diseases were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS
Clinical observation reveled that the circulating levels of Ang-2 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in patients with chronic liver diseases were progressively increased from benign to HCC (P < 0.001). Dynamic model validated that the up-regulated Ang-2 in liver and blood was positively correlated with HIF-1α in hepatocarcinogenesis (P < 0.001). Mechanistically, Ang-2 was regulated by HIF-1α. When specific HIF-1α- microRNAs transfected into HCC cells, the cell proliferation significantly inhibited, HIF-1α and Ang-2 down-regulated, and also affected epithelial-mesenchymal transition via increasing E-cadherin to block cell invasion or migration with reducing of snail, twist and vimentin.
CONCLUSION
Hypoxia-induced Ang-2 up-regulating expression might serve as a sensitive early monitoring biomarker for hepatocarcinogenesis or HCC metastasis.
Multiple intrahepatic artery aneurysms during the treatment for IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis: A case report
Authors: Tamura Hotaka , Ozono Yoshinori , Uchida Keisuke , Uchiyama Naomi , Hatada Hiroshi , Ogawa Souichiro , Iwakiri Hisayoshi , Kawakami Hiroshi 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
The purpose of this case report is to describe a case of multiple intrahepatic artery aneurysms during treatment for IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC) and to provide information for daily practice.
CASE SUMMARY
A 64-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed with IgG4-SC five years prior and was receiving maintenance treatment with prednisolone 7.5-10 mg/day. She developed abdominal pain and a sudden onset of black stool and was admitted to our hospital. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US) revealed multiple intrahepatic artery aneurysms that developed during the treatment for IgG4-SC. Emergency transarterial embolization for multiple hepatic artery aneurysms was performed. Hepatic artery aneurysms disappeared on contrast-enhanced CT and US, the progression of anemia ceased, and the melena resolved. Thus, hemostasis was achieved.
CONCLUSION
Hepatic artery aneurysms should be considered poor prognostic complications of IgG4-SC.
Utilisation of charge transfer complexation reactions for the quantification of antifungal drug: Voriconazol in pure and dosage forms
Authors: A. El-Korashy Sabry , S. Amin Alaa , A. Gouda Ayman , Kh. Alshuwaili Mustafa , E. Ibrahim Hoyeda 
Published: November 2024

Voriconazole, a pivotal antifungal agent, has been analysed using two uncomplicated, sensitive, rapid, and validated spectrophotometric methods. These procedures rely on the formation of charge transfer complexes in methanol, employing alizarin red S and quinalizarin as chromogenic reagents, each exhibiting absorption maxima at 568 and 513 nm, respectively. The optimisation of reaction conditions was explored, encompassing the choice of solvent, reagent concentration, and reaction duration. Both alizarin red S and quinalizarin demonstrated excellent adherence to Beer's law over concentration ranges of 1.0-18 and 1.0-24 µg mL-1, respectively, with robust correlation coefficients (r2 ≥ 0.9993) and minimal relative standard deviations (RSD% ≤ 1.04). Additionally, calculations were conducted for molar absorptivity (1.1256×104 and 1.7624 ×104 L mol-1 cm-1), Sandell sensitivity (31.0 and 19.82 ng cm-2), detection and quantification limits (0.3 and 1.0 µg mL-1) for alizarin red S and quinalizarin, respectively. Both methods were effectively applied for the determination of voriconazole in dosage forms, and their validity was confirmed using the standard addition technique. The results obtained from these proposed procedures for pure and dosage forms closely matched those from previously reported methods.
KEY WORDS: Voriconazole, Spectrophotometry, Charge transfer complex, Dosage forms, Method validation.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(2), 189-200.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i2.1
Uncovering benzoquinone derivatives for redox flow batteries: DFT insights on reduction potentials and solvent effects
Authors: Abera Negesse Getachew , Diro Chaka Mesfin , Nigatu Gemechu Desalegn , Sakata Gurmesa Gamachis , Abebayehu Desta Mekonnen , Mustefa Mohammed Ahmed , Setarge Mekonnen Yedilfana 
Published: November 2024

Quinones possess high redox potential, making them suitable for organic redox-flow batteries. Their oxidation and discharge during charging involve two reversible electron transfer reactions. This study utilized density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional and 6-31G(d) basis set to calculate the first and second reduction potentials of benzoquinones (BQ). Various BQ derivatives were created by adding electron-donating substituents (-NHCH3, -NH2, -OCH3, -NHCOCH3, -OCOCH3). The universal solvation model (SMD) assessed solvent effects, while lithium salts, solvation-free energy, and HOMO-LUMO energies influenced reduction potentials. The -OCOCH₃-substituted BQ showed the highest first and second redox potentials at 2.81 V and 2.27 V, respectively. Adding boron trifluoride (BF3) salt increased these potentials to 3.99 V and 3.84 V. The electrochemical behavior of BQ and its derivatives was examined in three solvents: carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄), acetonitrile (ACN), and water (H₂O). The average reduction potentials in these solvents followed the trend CCl₄ < ACN < H₂O, with water being the most effective due to its hydrogen bonding and polarity. These findings highlight the significant impact of solvent characteristics on electrochemical processes.
KEYWORDs: Benzoquinone derivatives, DFT, Electron affinity, Reduction potential, Redox flow battery, Solvation-free energy, SMD solvation model
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(2), 381-396.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i2.15
Evaluation of the greenness profiles of indirect spectrophotometric methods for estimation of gemifloxacin mesylate in pure and dosage forms utilizing N-bromosuccinimide as a green reagent
Authors: Sh. Alenezi Samya , A. Gouda Ayman , El Sheikh Ragaa , El Sayed Ahmed , S. Mahmoud Moataz , F. Abdel Allem Ahmed , O. Babalghith Ahmad , MA Salem Osama 
Published: November 2024

A validated, sensitive, user-friendly, precise, and dependable spectrophotometric technique has been developed to accurately detect the concentration of gemifloxacin mesylate in pure and dosage forms. The methods utilize N-bromosuccinimide as an eco-friendly oxidizing agent in acidic circumstances. The residual N-bromosuccinimide is measured by subjecting it to a chemical reaction with preset amounts of dyes, amaranth, methylene blue, and indigocarmine and the absorbance is measured at λmax of 520, 664 and 610 nm, respectively. The analytical technique was implemented and validated by thoroughly examining and optimizing various factors that could potentially disrupt the reaction. Significant linear relationships, characterized by correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9993 to 0.9996, were observed under optimal conditions. These associations remained consistent throughout concentration ranges of 1.0-18, 1.0-14, and 1.0-20 µg/mL. The limits of detection (LOD) of 0.30, 0.29, and 0.30 µg/mL for amaranth, methylene blue, and indigocarmine methods, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the approaches' have been evaluated. No significant interference was observed with the usual pill excipients. In addition, the environmental impact of the suggested processes was assessed using three evaluation tools specifically designed to measure environmental friendliness: the Analytical Greenness Metric, the Green Analytical Procedure Index and Analytical Eco-Scale.
KEY WORDS: Gemifloxacin mesylate, N-bromosuccinimide, Spectrophotometry, Method validation, Dosage forms, Greenness assessment tools.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(2), 227-242.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i2.4
Levels of selected toxic heavy metals in the root of Rumex abyssinicus, a traditional medicinal plant, collected from two locations in the city of Addis Ababa
Authors: Mekuanint Yemariam , Gemechu Tura , Megersa Negussie 
Published: November 2024

In this study, the contents of selected heavy metals; Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni in the root of Rumex abyssinicus (RA) were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) after acid digestion. The digestion required 3:1 HNO3/HCl (v/v) for 3 h, with temperature of 300°C for complete digestion of 0.5 g RA roots using Kjeldahl apparatus. The levels of metals; Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni were 31.9, 7.76 and 4.73 mg kg-1, respectively, for the samples collected from Addis Ababa University, AAU, Science campus (RA-A samples), and 5.59 Zn, 103 Fe and 3.01 Ni, all in mg kg-1, were found in RA-W sample from Weregenu/Gerji area in AA. Validity of the optimized procedure was evaluated using spiked sample whose recovery varied from 89.8-95.1%. The findings confirmed that only Fe was higher than the tolerance limits. From the health risk perspective, the hazard quotient (HQ) value of Fe for both RA-A and RA-W samples exceeded 1, indicating potential health risks. The hazard index (HI) value suggested that consumption of the root of RA-A and RA-W samples could pose potential health risks over long-term consumption. This may signify the non-carcinogenic health risk associated with consuming RA plant, though continuous regulatory control may necessitate to ensure safety to the consumers.
KEYWORDS: Medicinal plant, Wet digestion, Rumex abyssinicus, Trace metals, Health risk assessment, Pearson correlation.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(2), 243-256.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i2.5
Lutte contre le tribalisme
Authors: Bubu Kangunza Papy , Makukila Kihosambuta Garry , Mulopo Pemba Herman 
Published: November 2024

La République Démocratique du Congo, 62ans après son indépendance en 1960 connait au cours de son processus historique beaucoup de difficultés pour son développement. Au nombre de celles-ci figurent la corruption, l’injustice, le tribalisme. Ces maux et tant d’autres encore constituent le lot des problèmes qui ont plongé l’Etat congolais dans l’incapacité d’assumer ses fonctions régaliennes remettant ainsi en cause le constitutionnalisme qui le fonde.
Dans l’exercice de l’Etat, le tribalisme est une bombe destructrice à la stabilité de l’Etat et du tissu socio-économique du pays. Dans ce sens qu’il ouvre la voie à des luttes incessantes et stériles qui étouffent aussi bien l’esprit, les énergies, la cohésion qui pourtant sont des éléments important pour le pays. A y regarder de près, il ne s’agit pas d’une simple pratique, mais plutôt d’une culture du nivellement par le bas érigée dans cette étude en théorie explicative de la quotidienneté vécue à travers la RDC.
Ainsi, la lutte contre le tribalisme est inévitable. Entant que chercheurs, nous ne pouvons pas garder silence au risque de trahir notre rôle à savoir : éclairer la société. Ce qui requiert un regard pointillé de tout intellectuel sur les questions importantes du fonctionnement de la République.
Reconstruction of Arrangements on the Role of the Financial Services Authority in Bank Health Supervision Post-Law on Development and Strengthening of the Financial
Authors: Kardinata Henes , Sihombing Jonker 
Published: November 2024

Aims: This study aims to analyze the reconstruction of the regulatory role of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in supervising bank health following Law Number 4 of 2023 on the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector.

Methods: Using a normative approach, this research examines relevant legislation, particularly Law Number 4 of 2023, and analyzes related legal cases. Through literature review and secondary data analysis, this study seeks to uncover the reconstructed regulatory role of the OJK in maintaining the health of banking institutions after the enactment of this law.

Results: The research findings indicate that Law Number 4 of 2023 strengthens the independence and authority of the OJK in overseeing bank health. This law reaffirms the OJK's authority to issue licenses, regulate financial aspects, conduct both direct and indirect supervision, impose sanctions, and protect banking consumers. Additionally, there are new powers, such as the institutional strengthening of the OJK, improving governance and public trust, and enhancing financial literacy and inclusion. An analysis of related legal cases shows that this regulatory reconstruction is necessary to enhance supervisory effectiveness and ensure that banking institutions comply with prudential principles. However, there are still considerable public complaints regarding banking services, indicating a need for improvements in the OJK's supervisory implementation. Therefore, further studies are required to comprehensively reconstruct the regulations so that the OJK's role can be maximized in maintaining financial sector stability and protecting public interests.
Exploring the Sustainability of Virtual Idols: Examining Their Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from a New Technology Perspective
Authors: Yin Lyu , Ki-Hong Kim , Kaixing Wang 
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study aims to explore the potential of virtual idols in promoting sustainable development, particularly their role in reducing resource consumption, preserving cultural diversity, and fostering sustainable innovation in the digital economy. It examines how virtual idols can drive the green transformation of the entertainment industry through the integration of technology and culture, enhance cultural exchange, and advance the global sustainable development agenda.

Method: This study employs literature review and case study methods. Through the analysis of academic monographs and online resources, it summarizes the classification and technological development of virtual idols, forming a comprehensive perspective. Representative virtual idols were selected for detailed case analysis. Through the practical applications of these virtual idols in performances and global interactions, their performance in promoting the achievement of sustainable development goals is analyzed.

Results and Discussion: Virtual idols, as an emerging digital cultural phenomenon, have rapidly risen and gained widespread attention globally. Through qualitative analysis, virtual idols demonstrate stronger environmental friendliness by reducing energy consumption and venue construction required for physical performances. Moreover, the global expansion of virtual idols not only promotes cross-cultural exchange and the dissemination of cultural diversity but also brings new cultural challenges, especially in terms of the risks of cultural appropriation and commercial pressures.

Originality/Value: This study systematically analyzes the potential of virtual idols in promoting sustainable development, especially their role in reducing resource consumption, preserving cultural diversity, and driving innovation in the digital economy. Unlike existing research that focuses on the cultural impact or economic benefits of virtual idols, this paper combines the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to comprehensively reveal the ecological value of virtual idols as a new form of entertainment through qualitative analysis. This study not only contributes a new perspective to the sustainable development of virtual idols but also provides theoretical support for the green transformation of the digital entertainment industry.
Designing a Critical Thinking-Based Finance Curriculum From SDGs Perspective
Authors: Yu Hsin-Chang , Zhang Ke 
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study aims to design teaching activities that integrate critical thinking on sustainable finance into finance courses. It aims to develop students' ability to incorporate sustainable finance into investment decisions and promote the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the power of finance.

Theoretical Framework: This study designs teaching activities based on Critical Thinking (CT) theory to stimulate students to express their views and opinions on various sustainable finance issues.

Method: This study invited a panel of five teachers from finance-related fields to review the curriculum.

Results and Discussion: The result of this study adopts a theoretical perspective of critical thinking and builds the concept of sustainable finance based on financial management, aiming to enhance university students' financial management skills and sustainable investment awareness. hence, financial education practitioners need to work together to educate future multinational financial talents in a way that suits their environment and the promotion of sustainable finance.

Research Implications: The findings of this study aim to cultivate students' critical thinking and design courses that integrate sustainable finance with subject units, encouraging teachers to explore ways to incorporate sustainable development concepts into their teaching.

Originality/Value: Encourage more teachers to design sustainability-related course content to promote the SDGs through education.
Effectiveness of Law Enforcement Against Online Gambling Practices in Indonesia in Supporting the Achievement of SDGs
Authors: Ahyani Hisam , Harahap Arifuddin Muda , Solehudin Ending , Adnan Nurul Ilyana Muhd , Mutmainah Naeli , Siripipatthanakul Supaprawat , Lousada Sérgio António Neves , Putra Haris Maiza , Novita Dwi 
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of law enforcement measures taken by the Indonesian government to combat online gambling and assess their contribution to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequality).

Theoretical Framework: The study is grounded in theories of law enforcement, digital governance, and SDG compliance, emphasizing the role of legal interventions in addressing social issues like online gambling and its impacts on societal equity and justice.

Method: A qualitative research approach was used, including documentation analysis, interviews with law enforcement agencies and affected communities, and data analysis of law enforcement outcomes. The study evaluates three main strategies: freezing gambling-related accounts, addressing illegal account trading, and restricting gambling-related top-up transactions.

Results and Discussion: The findings indicate that law enforcement measures have led to several notable successes, including the freezing of thousands of gambling accounts and curbing the sale of gambling accounts within communities. However, challenges in monitoring digital gambling activities and ensuring sustainable oversight persist. Digital space complexities hinder effective enforcement, suggesting the need for innovative solutions.

Research Implications: This study highlights the importance of adaptive law enforcement strategies and stricter regulations in the digital era. It suggests that new models, such as limiting access to gambling-related financial transactions, could enhance policy effectiveness in combating online gambling.

Originality/Value: This research contributes to the understanding of law enforcement practices in the context of online gambling in Indonesia. It proposes new enforcement approaches, offering valuable insights for policymakers and researchers seeking to align legal strategies with the SDGs.