bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibition Sensitizes Colorectal Cancer-Initiating Cells to Chemotherapy
Authors: Jarrar Awad , Lotti Fiorenza , DeVecchio Jennifer , Ferrandon Sylvain , Gantt Gerald , Mace Adam , Karagkounis Georgios , Orloff Matthew , Venere Monica , Hitomi Masahiro , Lathia Justin , Rich Jeremy N. , Kalady Matthew F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading killer in the U.S. with resistance to treatment as the largest hurdle to cure. Colorectal cancer-initiating cells (CICs) are a self-renewing tumor population that contribute to tumor relapse. Here, we report that patient-derived CICs display relative chemoresistance compared with differentiated progeny. In contrast, conventional cell lines failed model therapeutic resistance. CICs preferentially repaired chemotherapy-induced DNA breaks, prompting us to interrogate DNA damage pathways against which pharmacologic inhibitors have been developed. We found that CICs critically depended on the key single-strand break repair mediator, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), to survive treatment with standard-of-care chemotherapy. Small molecule PARP inhibitors (PARPi) sensitized CICs to chemotherapy and reduced chemotherapy-treated CIC viability, self-renewal, and DNA damage repair. Although PARPi monotherapy failed to kill CICs, combined PARPi therapy with chemotherapy attenuated tumor growth in vivo. Clinical significance of PARPi for CRC patients was supported by elevated PARP levels in colorectal tumors compared with normal colon, with further increases in metastases. Collectively, our results suggest that PARP inhibition serves as a point of fragility for CICs by augmenting therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy. Stem Cells 2019;37:42–53
Ovarian Carcinoma-Associated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Arise from Tissue-Specific Normal Stroma
Authors: Coffman Lan G. , Pearson Alexander T. , Frisbie Leonard G. , Freeman Zachary , Christie Elizabeth , Bowtell David D. , Buckanovich Ronald J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Carcinoma-associated mesenchymal stem cells (CA-MSCs) are critical stromal progenitor cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). We previously demonstrated that CA-MSCs differentially express bone morphogenetic protein family members, promote tumor cell growth, increase cancer “stemness,” and chemotherapy resistance. Here, we use RNA sequencing of normal omental MSCs and ovarian CA-MSCs to demonstrate global changes in CA-MSC gene expression. Using these expression profiles, we create a unique predictive algorithm to classify CA-MSCs. Our classifier accurately distinguishes normal omental, ovary, and bone marrow MSCs from ovarian cancer CA-MSCs. Suggesting broad applicability, the model correctly classifies pancreatic and endometrial cancer CA-MSCs and distinguishes cancer associated fibroblasts from CA-MSCs. Using this classifier, we definitively demonstrate ovarian CA-MSCs arise from tumor mediated reprograming of local tissue MSCs. Although cancer cells alone cannot induce a CA-MSC phenotype, the in vivo ovarian TME can reprogram omental or ovary MSCs to protumorigenic CA-MSCs (classifier score of &gt;0.96). In vitro studies suggest that both tumor secreted factors and hypoxia are critical to induce the CA-MSC phenotype. Interestingly, although the breast cancer TME can reprogram bone marrow MSCs into CA-MSCs, the ovarian TME cannot, demonstrating for the first time that tumor mediated CA-MSC conversion is tissue and cancer type dependent. Together these findings (a) provide a critical tool to define CA-MSCs and (b) highlight cancer cell influence on distinct normal tissues providing powerful insights into the mechanisms underlying cancer specific metastatic niche formation. Stem Cells 2019;37:257–269
Effects of Hydrology on Fish Diversity and Assemblage Structure in a Texan Coastal Plains River
Authors: Bower Luke M. , Keppeler Friedrich W. , Cunha Eduardo R. , Quintana Yasmin , Saenz David E. , Lopez‐Delgado Edwin O. , Bokhutlo Thethela , Arantes Caroline C. , Andrade Marcelo C. , Robertson Clinton R. , Mayes Kevin B. , Winemiller Kirk O. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHigh‐flow pulses affect river ecosystem dynamics in many important ways including by forming connections between the channel and oxbow lakes. This study assessed the influence of discharge on fish assemblage structure and diversity in the channel and oxbows of the Guadalupe River, Texas. Local assemblages of two oxbows and two channel sites were surveyed using standardized methods to test four hypotheses: (1) assemblage structure in oxbow lakes differs from those in the river channel, (2) α diversity decreases during extended periods of low discharge, (3) β diversity decreases during high discharge and increases during extended periods of low discharge, and (4) species turnover and assemblage nestedness decline during periods of high discharge. We found evidence to support the first three hypotheses. Unsurprisingly, lotic‐adapted fishes were observed more frequently in the river channel, whereas lentic‐adapted species generally were more common in the oxbow lakes. Species richness declined during periods of low discharge possibly due to harsher environmental conditions or stronger species interactions (e.g., predation). Discharge was inversely associated with both β diversity and species turnover, suggesting a stronger mass effect during high‐flow pulses, and stronger species sorting during low‐flow conditions. Contrary to our fourth hypothesis, assemblage nestedness increased during periods of high discharge. Finally, we also found evidence to support the hypothesis that species turnover decreased as discharge declined. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of flow pulses for maintaining fish diversity and assemblage structure in floodplain river systems. With additional research involving more sites and longer time series, it should be feasible to define and identify thresholds for flow regime changes that alter assemblage structure and species diversity.
Microstructural studies of composite Mughal period cannons of Daulatabad Fort, India, by electron backscattered diffraction and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Singh Manager Rajdeo 
Published: October 2018

Historical data on ancient Indian cannons have systematically been researched, but there is lack of archaeometallurgical studies on bimetallic cannons. This study revolves around 16th–17th century bimetallic Indian cannons: copper barrel with inner iron sleeve at an approximate ratio of 5:1. Scanning electron microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction techniques have been employed to know the changes in the microstructures of the metals used in making cannons. Energy dispersive spectrometry confirmed that the outer copper barrel, with 4.5 wt% tin, had inclusions of cupric oxide (Cu2O) and contained lead and sulfur. The inner sleeve, on the other hand, was primarily iron but contained fayalite (FeSiO4) and inclusions with silicon and phosphorous. Both inner (bloomery iron) and outer (copper) material had strong signatures of plastic deformation, and the cannons were stipulated to be forge welded. Deformation twinning in recrystallized iron grains of inner iron sleeve and near‐perfect extensive twinning in the inner copper barrel indicate exposures of the respective materials to such active usage. It is concluded from the deformed structures and from the presence of clear joints that the bimetallic cannons were made by a process of forge welding. This study brings actual manufacturing practices of bimetallic cannons in ancient India.
Vocal Cord Palsies Missed by Transcutaneous Laryngeal Ultrasound (TLUSG): Do They Experience Worse Outcomes?
Authors: Wong Kai‐Pun , Au Kin Pan , Lam Shi , Chang Yuk Kwan , Lang Brian Hung Hin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionTranscutaneous laryngeal ultrasound (TLUSG) is an innovative, non‐invasive tool in detecting post‐thyroidectomy vocal cord palsy (VCP). However, TLUSG failed to detect about 6–15% laryngoscopic examination (LE)‐confirmed VCP. It is unclear whether the outcome of patients with VCP missed by TLUSG [false negative (FN)] is different from those with VCP diagnosed by TLUSG [true positive (TP)]. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the clinical outcome and prognosis between patients with FN results and TP results.MethodsOver 46 months, all consecutive patients undergoing thyroidectomy or endocrine‐related neck procedure were recruited. They underwent pre‐operative and post‐operative voice assessments on symptoms, voice‐specific questionnaire [voice handicap index questionnaire (VHI‐30)], TLUSG and LE. For patients with post‐operative vocal cord palsy, reassessment LE would be arranged at second, fourth, sixth and twelfth months post‐operatively until VCP recovered.ResultsIn total, 1196 patients, including 74 post‐thyroidectomy VCP, were recruited. For those with assessable vocal cords (VC), 58 VCP were correctly diagnosed by TLUSG (TP) and 10 VCP were missed by TLUSG (FN). Sensitivity and specificity of detecting a VCP by TLUSG were 85.3% and 94.7%, respectively. VHI‐30 score was significantly increased after operation in TP group [31 (range − 6–105), p < 0.001] but not in FN group [20 (14–99), p = 0.089]. Comparing to TP group, VCP recovered earlier (69 vs. 125 days, p < 0.001) and less patients suffered from permanent VCP in patients with FN results. (34.5% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.027).ConclusionThe VCP missed by TLUSG had a milder course of disease. Early recovery of VC function and non‐permanent palsy were expected.
miR-137 Affects Vaginal Lubrication in Female Sexual Dysfunction by Targeting Aquaporin-2
Authors: Zhang Hepeng , Liu Tianjiao , Zhou Ziyun , Zhang Aixia , Zhu Yuan , Zhang Jing , Pan Lianjun , Ma Jiehua 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a common disease with serious potential hazards, but it has not received much attention. The pathogenesis of FSD is urgently needed for the diagnosis and treatment of FSD.

Aim
To investigate the role of microribonucleic acid (mRNA, miR)-137 in FSD.

Methods
Vaginal epithelium tissues from 15 women with lubrication disorder and 15 women with normal function were collected for this study. The expression level of miR-137 in lubrication disorder and normal function women were measured by microarray analysis and Real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR, qPCR). miR-137 was overexpressed in vaginal epithelial cells VK2/E6E7 by lentivirus infection. The cell water permeability was measured using the calcein-quenching method. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The potential target of miR-137 was predicted by bioinformatic analysis, then verified by luciferase reporter assays.

Main Outcome Measure
The expression level of miR-137 and aquaporin-2 (AQP2), cell water permeability, cell apoptosis, and luciferase reporter assays were examined.

Results
miR-137 was found to be highly expressed in vaginal epithelial tissues of women with lubrication disorder. Additionally, functional in vitro studies suggested that overexpression of miR-137 leads to a decrease in cell permeability. By combining target prediction and examination, we identified AQP2 as the direct mechanistic target of miR-137 that affected the water permeability of vaginal epithelial cells.

Conclusion
Our results point to a novel role for miR-137 and its downstream effector AQP2 in vaginal lubrication, which can be manipulated as therapeutic targets against lubrication disorder and its related disorders.
Acute effects of non-homogenised and homogenised vegetables added to rice-based meals on postprandial glycaemic responses and in vitro carbohydrate digestion
Authors: Zhu Ruixin , Liu Manman , Han Yue , Wang Linlin , Ye Ting , Lu Jiacan , Fan Zhihong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe addition of vegetable to carbohydrate-based meals was shown to contribute to glycaemic management. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of homogenisation on vegetables added to rice meals in terms of acute glycaemic responses (GR). In a randomised crossover trial, sixteen healthy volunteers completed thirteen test sessions, which included two sessions for glucose control, two for rice and nine for different vegetable-rice mixed meals: cooked pak choi and cooked rice (CP+R); cooked cauliflower and cooked rice (CC+R); cooked eggplant and cooked rice (CE+R); and their homogenised counterparts, both raw or cooked. Postprandial GR tests, in vitro carbohydrate digestion and chemical analyses were carried out for each test meal. Compared with pure rice, CE+R, CP+R and CC+R meals achieved significantly lower glycaemic indexes (GI) of 67, 71 and 73, whereas their homogenised counterparts failed to show significant difference with rice. The hydrolysis indexes (HI) of CE+R, CP+R and CC+R were 69·6, 83·8 and 80·6 % of the HI of the rice control. CE had the greatest effect on lowering the GI, the incremental area under the blood glucose curve from 0 to 120 min, the peak glucose value, the maximum amplitude of glucose excursion in 0–120 min (MAGE0–120), the HI and rapid available starch. Both in vitro and in vivo tests demonstrated that incorporating non-homogenised cooked vegetables into a rice meal could slow the carbohydrate digestion and improve postprandial GR. Texture properties of vegetable may play an important role in underlying glycaemic control mechanisms.
Tinnitus information online – does it ring true?
Authors: McKearney R M , MacKinnon R C , Smith M , Baker R 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess, using standardised tools, the quality and readability of online tinnitus information that patients are likely to access.MethodsA standardised review was conducted of websites relating to tinnitus and its management. Each website was scored using the DISCERN instrument and the Flesch Reading Ease scale.ResultsTwenty-seven unique websites were evaluated. The mean DISCERN score of the websites was 34.5 out of 80 (standard deviation = 11.2). This would be considered ‘fair’ in quality. Variability in DISCERN score between websites was high (range, 15–57: ‘poor’ to ‘very good’). Website readability was poor, with a mean Flesch Reading Ease score of 52.6 (standard deviation = 7.7); this would be considered ‘difficult’ to read.ConclusionIn general, the quality of tinnitus websites is fair and the readability is poor, with substantial variability in quality between websites. The Action on Hearing Loss and the British Tinnitus Association websites were identified as providing the highest quality information.
Neuromotor performance in infants before and after early open-heart surgery and risk factors for delayed development at 6 months of age
Authors: Campbell Miranda J. , Ziviani Jenny M. , Stocker Christian F. , Khan Asaduzzaman , Sakzewski Leanne 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundEarly identification of infants with CHD at heightened risk of developmental delays can inform surveillance priorities. This study investigated pre-operative and post-operative neuromotor performance in infants undergoing open-heart surgery, and their developmental status at 6 months of age, to identify risk factors and inform care pathways.MethodsInfants undergoing open-heart surgery before 4 months of age were recruited into a prospective cohort study. Neuromotor performance was assessed pre-operatively and post-operatively using the Test of Infant Motor Performance and Prechtl’s Assessment of General Movements. Development was assessed at 6 months of age using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire third edition. Pre-operative and post-operative General Movements performance was compared using McNemar’s test and test of infant motor performance z-scores using Wilcoxon’s signed rank test. Risk factors for delayed development at 6 months were explored using logistic regression.ResultsSixty infants were included in this study. In the 23 (38%) infants. A total of 60 infants were recruited. In the 23 (38%) infants assessed pre-operatively, there was no significant difference between pre- and post-operative performance on the GMs (p=0.63) or TIMP (p=0.28). At discharge, 15 (26%) infants presented with abnormal GMs, and the median TIMP z-score was −0.93 (IQR: −1.4 to −0.69). At 6 months, 28 (52.8%) infants presented with gross motor delay on the ASQ-3, significantly negatively associated with gestational age (p=0.03), length of hospital stay (p=0.04) and discharge TIMP score (p=0.01).ConclusionsPost-operative assessment using the GMs and TIMP may be useful to identify infants requiring individualised care and targeted developmental follow-up. Long-term developmental surveillance beyond 6 months of age is recommended.
Decisional control preferences of patients with advanced cancer receiving palliative care
Authors: Tricou Colombe , Yennu Sriram , Ruer Murielle , Bruera Eduardo , Filbet Marilène 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTObjective:Understanding patients' decisional control preferences (DCPs) is important to improving the quality of care and the satisfaction of patients who have advanced cancer with their care. In addition to passive decisional control (i.e., the patient prefers his/her doctor or family caregiver to make a decision on their behalf) and active decisional control (i.e., the patient decides alone), shared decisional control, where patients and caregivers decide together, could be more appropriate. The primary aim of our study was to describe the decision-making process and the DCPs of patients with advanced cancer receiving palliative care in France.Method:We conducted a prospective survey with advanced cancer patients referred to a palliative care team in an outpatient setting. We collected information about patients' demographic and clinical characteristics using the Decision Control Preference Scale, the Satisfaction with the Decisions and Care questionnaire, and the Understanding of Illness questionnaire.Results:A total of 200 patients were evaluable. The median age was 63.5 years and 53.5% female. The cancers most commonly represented were gastrointestinal and breast. A total of 72 patients (36.2%) preferred active decisional control, 52 (26.1%) preferred shared decisional control, and 75 (37.7%) preferred passive decisional control. Younger age (p = 0.003), higher education (p < 0.001), and employment status (p = 0.046) were found to be associated with active or shared DCPs. Some 82% of patients were satisfied with the decision-making process, 35% of whom expressed wishes that did not match the actual decision-making process. Only 23% of patients thought they could be cured of their illness, and 47% thought that their treatment would “get rid of ” their disease.Significance of Results:The decision-making processes are shared in the three models of DCPs in our cohort of French patients with advanced cancer. Further prospective studies are needed.
Beyond the 1984 Perspective: Narrow Focus on Modern Wildfire Trends Underestimates Future Risks to Water Security
Authors: Murphy Brendan P. , Yocom Larissa L. , Belmont Patrick 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe western United States remains well below historical wildfire activity, yet misconceptions abound in the public and news media that the area burning by wildfire each year in the American West is unprecedented. We submit that short‐term records of wildfire and a disproportionate focus on recent fire trends within high‐profile science stoke these misconceptions. Furthermore, we highlight serious risks to long‐term water security (encompassing water supply, storage, and quality) that have only recently been recognized and are underestimated as the result of skewed perspectives of wildfire. Compiling several data sets, we illustrate a comprehensive history of western wildfire, demonstrate that the majority of western settlement occurred during an artificially and anomalously low period of wildfire in the twentieth century, and discuss the troubling implications the misalignment of wildfire activity and human development may have for the long‐term projections of water security. A crucial first step toward realigning public perspectives will require scientists and journalists to present recent increases in wildfire area within the context and scale of longer‐term trends. Second, proper housing development and resource management will require an appreciation for the differing western ecosystems and the flexibility to adopt varied approaches. These actions are critical for realigning public understanding of both the direct and indirect risks associated with wildfire and ensuring adequate and appropriate measures are taken as we navigate a future of increasing fire in the West.
Diffusion Profiles Around Quartz Clasts as Indicators of the Thermal History of Pseudotachylytes
Authors: Dobson David P. , Thomas Richard W. , Mitchell Thomas M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPseudotachylytes are generated by the cooling and solidification of frictional melt produced along a fault surface during seismic slip. Pseudotachylytes can, therefore, provide important constraints on thermal histories of faults during coseismic slip: survivor clast mineralogies and quenched crystallite morphologies have previously been used to constrain the peak temperatures during slip. Here we show that silicon‐diffusion gradients are preserved around quartz survivor clasts and that these can be used to constrain the immediate cooling histories of pseudotachylytes after the cessation of slip. The variation of diffusion length with position in pseudotachylyte veins can be well reproduced by combining simple thermal history models with Arrhenius parameters for diffusion of appropriate magma compositions.
Global Cooling Contributed to the Establishment of a Modern‐Like East Asian Monsoon Climate by the Early Miocene
Authors: Zhang Ran , Zhang Zhongshi , Jiang Dabang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe establishment of a modern‐like monsoon climate in East Asia by the early Miocene was a complex process forced by several factors, and previous studies paid less attention to global cooling. Here we investigate this process using climate modeling by considering changes in topography and global cooling under the early Miocene boundary conditions. Using early Miocene paleogeography and an atmospheric CO2 concentration of 560 ppmv, our model results indicate that a nonzonal climate pattern has appeared in East China but that this climate exhibits weak precipitation and wind seasonality. Such seasonality strengthens as the concentration of atmospheric CO2 decreases from 560 to 420 ppmv and resembles the modern‐like condition after the growth of the Antarctic ice sheet. Although the development of East Asian topography can further strengthen this seasonality, our results indicate that global cooling is also pivotal for the establishment of a modern‐like monsoon climate in East Asia.
Improving the Reliability and Added Value of Dynamical Downscaling via Correction of Large‐Scale Errors: A Norwegian Perspective
Authors: Pontoppidan M. , Kolstad E.W. , Sobolowski S. , King M. P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHeavy precipitation and associated flooding are major concerns for western Norway under both present climate conditions and projected future scenarios. In winter, these events are mostly caused by North Atlantic low‐pressure systems. However, the storm track in this region is systematically biased in most global climate models. Further, these models are unable to capture the interactions between synoptic systems and the complex topography due to their coarse resolution, which contributes to poor representation of precipitation. In this study we employed a correction technique to remove the mean biases from multiple variables in a global Earth system model (Norwegian Earth System Model), and we subsequently dynamically downscaled a 38‐year period. The effect of the bias correction was a more realistic storm track and an improved precipitation distribution in southern Norway. Our results indicate that it is possible to enhance the reliability of regional climate simulations with positive implications for regional climate projections and climate change impact studies.