bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4146941: Sex Differences in Utilization and Outcomes of Peripheral Left Ventricular Assist Devices in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Associated Cardiogenic Shock in the United States
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Nso Nso , Gomez Valencia Javier , Ricciardi Mark , Arman Qamar , Kumar Nomesh 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Peripheral Left Ventricular Assist Devices (pLVAD) are used to achieve rapid ventricular unloading and improve systemic perfusion in myocardial infarction (MI) associated cardiogenic shock (CS). We aim to compare sex-based differences in utilization and outcomes of pLAVD use in ST elevation MI (STEMI) associated CS.

Methods:
Nationwide Readmissions Database (2016-2021) was used to identify STEMI-CS patients who underwent pLVAD placement. Mahalanobis Distance Matching within the Propensity Score Caliper was used to match males and females. Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) was utilized, and Pearson’s chi-squared test was applied to the PSM-2 matched cohorts to compare outcomes.

Results:
Among 27,664 hospitalizations of STEMI-CS patients undergoing pLVAD support, only one-fourths (N: 7,358; 27.2%) of the patients were females.

After propensity matching (N: 4,301 in each group), females had significantly higher mortality (52.1% vs. 46.8%, aOR:1.42 [95% CI: 1.29-1.55], p <0.001), pericardial complications (including hemopericardium, cardiac tamponade, pericarditis or any need for pericardiocentesis) (3% vs. 1.8%, aOR:1.50 [95%CI: 1.15-1.96], p <0.001) and blood transfusion requirement (17% vs. 14.4%, aOR:1.32 [95% CI:1.17-1.48 ], p <0.001).
From 2016-2021, mortality of STEMI-CS has remained unchanged (males: 37%; females: 40%) (p-trend > 0.05). However, a decline in pLVAD utilization was observed in both males (48% to 41.6%, p-trend <0.001) and females (39% to 32.8%, p-trend <0.001).
No significant difference was observed in 30-day, 90-day and 180-day readmission rates between the two groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion:
Females had higher mortality and complication in STEMI-CS requiring pLVAD utilization. Mortality of STEMI-CS has not changed significantly across the years; however, utilization of pLVAD has been decreasing.
Extending Voting Rights to Emigrants
Authors: Allen Nathan W. , Wellman Elizabeth Iams 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Since 1980, most states have granted voting rights to citizens living abroad. Although cross-national research focuses on when and where emigrant enfranchisement occurs, there has been little systematic attention to the variation in how enfranchisement occurs (for example, by constitutional amendment) and who extends these rights (international actors, for example). We argue that the variation in legal modalities and political actors is important for understanding why enfranchisement occurs and helps to account for the subsequent institutional inclusion—and exclusion—of emigrant voters. Using an original dataset which documents every extension of non-citizen voting rights (n = 153), we uncover variations in legal processes, regionally and over time. Although legislation is the most common enfranchisement pathway, judiciaries have become increasingly involved since 2000, particularly in Asian and African countries. Furthermore, emigrant enfranchisements involving constitutional reforms or plebiscites tend to be the most durable, whereas enfranchisements by international agreement are most prone to policy reversals.
Direction, Key Factors, and Pathways of Digitization Transformation in Chinese Teacher Education
Authors: Jing Zhang , Zhongbo Wu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To better promote the high-quality development of teacher education in China in the era of digital transformation, this study focuses on the digital transformation of teacher education in China. Through literature research and deductive analysis, the study is based on the context of the times and the current situation of teacher education in China, analyzing the direction, key factors, and pathways of digital transformation in Chinese teacher education. The research results are as follows: the specific direction of digital transformation in Chinese teacher education includes achieving autonomous infrastructure construction, human-machine collaborative production methods, the multifaceted interaction of value in operational models, and the manifestation of technological and humanistic aspects in organizational culture. The key to this transformation lies in establishing a teacher education ecosystem that encompasses technology adaptation, collaborative efforts of stakeholders, and security of services. Based on the above analysis, promoting the digital transformation of teacher education in China can be achieved through: Innovating theory to create a new discourse system for teacher education; Innovating methods to establish a new paradigm for high-quality teacher education development; Innovating practices to construct a human-centric model of teacher education. These approaches will help drive the digital transformation of teacher education in China forward.
Automated Operational Forecasting of Monsoon Low Pressure Systems
Authors: Suhas D. L. , Vishnu S. , Goyal Salil , Sarkar Sahadat , Mukhopadhyay Parthasarathi , Ullrich Paul A. , Boos William R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Monsoon low pressure systems (LPSs) are the dominant rain-bearing weather system of South Asia, often producing extreme precipitation and hydrological disasters in a region inhabited by nearly two billion people. Despite the importance of these storms, no operational system has automatically identified and tracked LPS in real time in numerical weather prediction model output; many commonly used vortex-tracking algorithms are ill suited for monsoon LPS because of the weak winds and cold cores of these systems. Here, we describe a new system that uses optimized algorithms to identify monsoon LPS in short- to medium-range forecasts from the U.S. Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) and a version of the deterministic Global Forecast System (GFS) adapted and used operationally by the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM). We also assess the historical performance of these models in forecasting South Asian monsoon LPS, comparing this with the performance of the Integrated Forecasting System of the ECMWF. We assess the accuracy of model predictions of LPS genesis, position, intensity, and precipitation rates for forecast lead times of 1–5 days, yielding quantitative information on model biases to guide operational forecasters and disaster managers. The system we introduce here could be extended to other low-latitude regions affected by dynamically weak, heavily precipitating atmospheric vortices that are often not included in tropical cyclone inventories.
Clinical Impact and Safety Profile of Intravenous Lacosamide Administration as Adjunctive Therapy for Neonatal Seizures
Authors: Cortes-Ledesma C. , Arias-Vivas E. , Ruiz-Ocaña de las Cuevas G. , Santana-Cabrera E. , Garcia-Ron A. 
Published: November 2024

The aim of this retrospective descriptive study was to evaluate the clinical impact and safety profile of lacosamide in neonates with symptomatic refractory seizures. Patients diagnosed with symptomatic refractory seizures who received lacosamide were included in the study. Follow-up assessments were conducted until 24 months of age, during which data on lacosamide dosage, duration of exposure, concurrent treatments, and potential side effects were collected. A total of eight patients were enrolled, with lacosamide administered as a third- or fourth-line treatment for symptomatic refractory seizures. Following loading dose, 62.5% of the patients achieved complete remission of seizure activity without recurrence. In the remaining cases, a reduction in seizure frequency was observed. No adverse effects attributable to lacosamide were reported. In conclusion, lacosamide may be effective in achieving seizure remission in newborns with symptomatic refractory seizures, and all patients demonstrate excellent tolerance. Brief exposure to lacosamide was sufficient, and no adverse effects were observed up to 24 months of age. However, randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm these findings.
Bacterial Superinfections in Critically Ill Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Al-Ali Anfal Y. , Salam Abdul , Almuslim Osama , Alayouny Maha , Alhabib Mohammed , AlQadheeb Nada 
Published: November 2024

Background There is a considerable gap in the current evidence concerning the prevalence of superinfections among critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Saudi Arabia. Objectives We sought to determine the prevalence of bacterial superinfections following the initiation of antibiotic therapy in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods A retrospective observational study that included patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for at least 24 hours and received empirical antibiotic therapy. The primary outcome was the rate of bacterial superinfections occurring at least 48 hours after the initiation of antibiotics. ICU-related outcomes and complications were compared between subgroups with and without superinfections and amongst the two most frequently used antibiotic regimens. Results A total of 230 patients were included in our study. Superinfections developed in 40 (17.4%) patients, with the median time from the first dose of antibiotic to the emergence of superinfection of 17.6 days (IQR 9.8-29.2). Patients with superinfections had longer median ICU stays [ 27.1 days(IQR 15.2-43.3) versus 7.1 days(IQR 3.8-11.8); P < 0.001], developed more complications [92.5% versus 52.6%; P < 0.001], and had higher ICU mortality [45.0% versus 22.1%; P = 0.0034] compared to patients without superinfections. The two most frequently prescribed antibiotic regimens were piperacillin/tazobactam plus levofloxacin (53.9%) and meropenem plus levofloxacin (19.7%). Although there was no significant difference in the rate of superinfections [15.3% versus 26.7%; P = 0.09] between the two groups, patients in the superinfections group who received piperacillin/tazobactam plus levofloxacin developed more complications [94.7% versus 91.7%; P < 0.001] and had a higher ICU mortality [57.9% versus 50%; P < 0.001]. Conclusion Superinfections occurred at a higher rate in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection post empirical antibiotics initiation. The use of piperacillin/tazobactam plus levofloxacin was associated with an increase in the rate of complications and higher ICU mortality. Larger multicenter studies are needed to confirm these results.
The Correlation Between Static and Dynamic Facial Asymmetry in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Wright Christopher , Benington Philip , Ju Xiangyang , Gillgrass Toby , Russell Craig , Ayoub Ashraf 
Published: November 2024

Objective Assess the relationship between static and dynamic facial asymmetry in unilateral cleft lip and palate during maximum smile. Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting Multidisciplinary dentofacial planning clinic. Participants Thirty-one surgically managed non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate patients between the ages of 13 to 17 years. Materials and Methods Dynamic three-dimensional (3D) facial images (four-dimensional [4D]) throughout the course of a maximum smile were captured using video stereophotogrammetry at a rate of 60 frames per second, which generated 180 3D images/expression. A generic facial mesh containing more than 7000 vertices was superimposed onto the 3D facial images to quantify and track facial asymmetry throughout the captured sequence. Partial ordinary Procrustes analysis was utilized to calculate an asymmetry score at the rest position, maximum smile, and at the point of maximum mathematical asymmetry. The relationships between the asymmetry at rest and the asymmetry at the point of maximum smile (static 3D), and the maximum mathematical asymmetry (dynamic 4D) were evaluated. Results Asymmetry scores were higher at maximum smile than at rest. Maximum mathematical asymmetry was observed in most cases during the relaxation phase. Static asymmetry at rest and maximum smile was strongly correlated with the maximum mathematical asymmetry ( r = 0.941, P < .001). Conclusions Static 3D asymmetry at both rest and maximum smile are strongly correlated with dynamic 4D facial asymmetry. The use of 4D imaging, combined with generic mesh conformation and dense correspondence analysis, provides a valid objective measure of facial asymmetry.
Accelerated versus conventional corneal collagen cross-linking for keratoconus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yeh Cyuan Yi , Chen Kuan Chieh , Chen Yen Ju , Cheng Sheng Fu 
Published: November 2024

Purpose To systematically compare the effectiveness of conventional corneal collagen cross-linking (CCXL) protocols and accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking (ACXL) protocols in cases with progressive keratoconus. Methods The Cochrane library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Outcomes were clinical results and changes in corneal properties. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate the clinical consequences. All outcomes were distributed by different follow-up durations (6 months, 12 months, and > 12 months). We also compared maximum keratometry (Kmax) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in subgroups, which were categorized by the discrepant impregnation time period of riboflavin. Results We included 14 RCTs that met the eligibility criteria in this meta-analysis. At the last follow-up, CCXL was superior in postoperative change in demarcation line (SMD: −1.573; 95% CI: −2.897 to −0.248) and in Kmax (SMD:0.302; 95% CI: 0.071 to 0.533), whereas ACXL provided a significantly lower reduction in central corneal thickness (SMD: 0.498; 95% CI: 0.125 to 0.871). No differences in the changes in uncorrected visual acuity, BCVA, manifest refraction spherical equivalent, corneal biomechanical properties, and the endothelial cell density were found among both groups. Conclusion CCXL was superior to ACXL in greater corneal flattening and deeper demarcation line, while ACXL seemed to cause less reduction in CCT and allow for earlier UDVA stability. To clearly define the comparative safety and clinical consequences of the different regimens of CXL, more RCTs are required.
Treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis with high dose PHMB (0.08%) monotherapy in clinical practice: A case series
Authors: Franch Antonella , Knutsson Karl Anders , Pedrotti Emilio , Fasolo Adriano , Bertuzzi Federico , Birattari Federica , Bonacci Erika , Leon Pia , Papa Vincenzo 
Published: November 2024

Objectives Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a rare sight-threatening infectious disease with no approved pharmacological treatments. Topical polihexanide 0.8 mg/ml (PHMB 0.08%) completed a pivotal clinical trial showing a medical cure rate of 84.9%. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PHMB 0.08%, given as monotherapy, in clinical practice. Methods consecutive cases of AK were included. Diagnosis was confirmed by in vivo confocal microscopy or PCR. Patients were treated with PHMB 0.08% as part of a name-based compassionate use program. Treatment delivery frequency and termination were as advised in the pivotal clinical trial. Medical cure was defined as clinical evidence of healed epithelium and absence of corneal inflammation lasting 3 months after discontinuing all treatments. Results twelve eyes of 11 contact lens wearers with AK of variable severity were evaluated. Eleven of 12 (91.7%) eyes achieved a medical cure with no surgery. One eye had a corneal perforation and required emergency therapeutic keratoplasty. The median time of treatment with PHMB 0.08% was 100 days (range 35–222). Seven eyes (58.3%) reached a final visual acuity of 20/50 Snellen or better. Two subject reported worsening of conjunctival hyperaemia during the intensive phase of the treatment. No other adverse drug reactions were observed. Conclusion topical treatment with PHMB 0.08% monotherapy successfully cured AK in 11 of 12 eyes when used in real-world clinical practice, thereby confirming that results observed in the clinical trial could be obtained in this setting.
“It tracks me!”: An analysis of apple watch nudging and user adoption mechanisms
Authors: Asimakopoulos Grigorios , Asimakopoulos Stavros , Spillers Frank 
Published: November 2024

Objective: The current study aims to understand how Apple Watch helped users maintain wellness routines during the COVID-19 lockdown period, where access to public gyms and spaces was curtailed. We explore the effectiveness of biofeedback engagement aspects of Apple Watch: goals, alerts and notifications, and sociability aspects of the device or social interaction with other users. Methods: We report the results of a 2-week digital diary study based in the United States with 10 adults with 6 months or longer exposure to Apple Watch, followed by online survey responses gathered from 330 additional users. Results: The study findings show how Apple Watch transforms notifications from distractions into positive wellness tools. Data suggests that personal context (custom goals and supported intent) combined with motivational nudges from alerts and notifications as well as contextually triggered nudges contribute to Apple Watch user adoption and satisfaction. Conclusion: This study highlights how Apple Watch transforms notifications from distractions into positive wellness tools; emphasizing the importance of balancing nudging with customization with user control. Sociability and privacy remain crucial, especially with biofeedback-enabled fitness trackers. We conclude that Apple Watch enhances user engagement by triggering context-relevant interactions, nudging users to achieve their goals through small, motivated behaviors.
Arthroscopic evaluation for posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow
Authors: Koso Riikka , Logli Anthony , Mirvish Asher , Baratz Mark 
Published: November 2024

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of three arthroscopic techniques for intraoperative assessment of posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI). Methods The study was performed using six fresh frozen cadaveric upper extremities. The three arthroscopic tests were the modified ulnohumeral drive through test, the annular drive through test, and proximal radioulnar joint instrumentation. Sequential soft tissue sectioning was performed to create four stages of instability: baseline, transection of the anterior half of the lateral collateral ligament complex (i.e., the radial collateral ligament), transection of the posterior half of the LCL complex (i.e., the lateral ulnar collateral ligament), and finally the release of the common extensor origin. Each test was repeated with the elbow at 90-degrees flexion in neutral rotation and at 45-degrees extension in full supination. Results Each test appropriately identified loss of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament. The modified ulnohumeral drive through test and the annular drive through test were most sensitive for loss of the radial collateral ligament. Elbow position did not affect test sensitivity. Conclusions Each of the tests identified PLRI with high sensitivity, regardless of elbow position. The ulnohumeral and annular ligament drive through tests were more sensitive for radial collateral ligament disruption.
In Whose Best Interests? Comparing Children’s Treatment in Immigration Court and in Child Protection Hearings in Minnesota: Similar Issues Without the Relevant Tools or Best Interests Standard
Authors: Schmidt Susan 
Published: November 2024

Executive Summary Federal immigration courts and state child welfare courts make decisions regarding certain similarly situated children in need of protection, but how does immigration court compare in its procedures for dealing with them? This article uses a comparative court observation approach to consider that question, by analyzing six months of observational data from the Fort Snelling Immigration Court juvenile docket, along with observations in Minnesota juvenile court child protection proceedings. Findings include the prioritization of federal government interests over children’s best interests, apparent in the US Government ensuring that an attorney represent its own interests before the immigration judge, while children must represent themselves if unable to find or afford an attorney. Furthermore, unrepresented children must navigate complex multi-agency procedures in order to seek the two most common forms of legal protection (Special Immigrant Juvenile Status, and asylum). Finally, the federal government fails to provide appropriate tools for responding to indicators of child welfare matters mentioned in immigration court, despite holding states to account for their handling of child maltreatment.
Need for Structured Pain Management Curriculum and Competency-Based Evaluation in GME: An Observational Study in One Internal Medicine Residency Program
Authors: Thangarasu Sudhagar , Renganathan Gowri , Soskin Barney , Ruck Lela , Prakash Vishakh , Unnikrishnan Sumedha , Goranti Jyothsna , Cobos Everardo 
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES One of the major contributing factors to the opioid crisis, marked by a surge in opioid prescriptions, includes inadequate adherence to guideline-based pain management practices, highlighting the need for a comprehensive curriculum during residency training. In this study, we aim to assess opioid exposure prevalence among hospitalized patients and examine potential associations between disease conditions, patient demographics, and opioid prescriptions during their hospital stay. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study at a southern California county teaching hospital, we analyzed the medical records of 2272 patients admitted to the IM resident inpatient teaching service for 1 year, from September 2017 through September 2018. RESULTS The study found that 44% of patients received opioid prescriptions during their hospital admission, with 23% receiving prescriptions at discharge and 45% having prior opioid exposure. Patients with prehospital opioid exposure had a 2-fold increased risk at discharge (Relative Risk: 2.51; P < .0001). The hypothesis that factors such as gender, certain medical conditions, and previous opioid use influenced opioid prescriptions during hospitalization is disproved. Instead, hospital admission itself was the significant contributing factor to receiving opioids during acute care and at discharge, irrespective of the source of pain. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study revealed that the primary determinant for opioid exposure during hospitalization is the inpatient admission itself rather than specific patient-related factors. The lack of a structured curriculum in residency training contributes to the default use of opioids for all pain types, highlighting the need for curricular reforms to focus on multimodal pain management principles.