bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nomenclatural notes in the Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae): miscellaneous
Authors: KARREMANS ADAM P. , AGUILAR-SANDÍ DIEGO , ARTAVIA-SOLÍS MIGUEL , CEDEÑO-FONSECA MARCO , CHINCHILLA ISLER F. , GIL-AMAYA KAREN , ROJAS-ALVARADO GUSTAVO , SOLANO-GUINDON NAOMI , VILLEGAS-MURILLO JORDÁN 
Published: June 2019

Nomenclatural amendments and notes are provided for taxa belonging to diverse genera within subtribe Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae) in order to comply with the International Code for algae, fungi, and plants. The proposed changes include new species, new names, new combinations, author citations, name spelling and synonymy. Brief notes are provided.
Reassessing the Effect of Cloud Type on Earth’s Energy Balance in the Age of Active Spaceborne Observations. Part I: Top of Atmosphere and Surface
Authors: L’Ecuyer Tristan S. , Hang Yun , Matus Alexander V. , Wang Zhien 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study revisits the classical problem of quantifying the radiative effects of unique cloud types in the era of spaceborne active observations. The radiative effects of nine cloud types, distinguished based on their vertical structure defined by CloudSat and CALIPSO observations, are assessed at both the top of the atmosphere and the surface. The contributions from single- and multilayered clouds are explicitly diagnosed. The global, annual mean net cloud radiative effect at the top of the atmosphere is found to be −17.1 ± 4.2 W m−2 owing to −44.2 ± 2 W m−2 of shortwave cooling and 27.1 ± 3.7 W m−2 of longwave heating. Leveraging explicit cloud base and vertical structure information, we further estimate the annual mean net cloud radiative effect at the surface to be −24.8 ± 8.7 W m−2 (−51.1 ± 7.8 W m−2 in the shortwave and 26.3 ± 3.8 W m−2 in the longwave). Multilayered clouds are found to exert the strongest influence on the top-of-atmosphere energy balance. However, a strong asymmetry in net cloud radiative cooling between the hemispheres (8.6 W m−2) is dominated by enhanced cooling from stratocumulus over the southern oceans. It is found that there is no corresponding asymmetry at the surface owing to enhanced longwave emission by southern ocean clouds in winter, which offsets a substantial fraction of their impact on solar absorption in summer. Thus the asymmetry in cloud radiative effects is entirely realized as an atmosphere heating imbalance between the hemispheres.
Droughts and Agriculture in the Semi-Arid Region of Maharashtra, Western India
Authors: Todmal Rahul S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the prevailing climate change scenario, to cope with drought, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of meteorological droughts in water-scarce regions to formulate judicial plans for the utilization of water resources. The present investigation, therefore, endeavored to assess the intensity and frequency of droughts over the five semiarid river basins in Maharashtra during the past (1980–2013) and future (2015–50). The study was carried out with the application of standardized precipitation index (SPI) methodology. The agricultural and satellite [normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)] data were analyzed to understand the effects of meteorological droughts. Although the study area experienced three severe rainfall droughts in 1985/86, 2002/03, and 2011/12, higher frequency of low-intensity droughts is observed, particularly after 2000. The estimation suggests occurrence of moderate, severe, and extreme droughts once in 6, 28, and 50 years, respectively. Among the selected basins, the Agrani, the Karha, and the Man are expected to experience intense droughts and hence require special attention in drought management. The study also highlights that El Niño events considerably retard the monsoon rainfall. However, the occurrence of the positive phase of the Indian Ocean dipole in the El Niño years reduces the intensity of droughts. As agricultural productivity and cropped areas heavily depend on the monsoon rainfall, the meteorological droughts result in agricultural droughts. Moreover, the future warming (by 1.02°C) over the study area is very likely to exacerbate the meteorological droughts (estimated to occur in the 2030s) and increase the agricultural water demand, further adding to an already difficult water management challenge in the study basins.
Health communication messaging about HPV vaccine in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Kelly-Hanku Angela , Newland Jamee , Aggleton Peter , Ase Sophie , Fiya Voletta , Aeno Herick , Vallely Lisa M , Mola Glen DL , Kaldor John M , Vallely Andrew J 
Published: June 2019

Objective: The type of health education messages that communities and individuals seek to have communicated about the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is important if vaccine programmes are to succeed, especially in settings such as Papua New Guinea (PNG), which have a high burden of cervical cancer, low health literacy and negative experiences of earlier vaccination programmes. This study sought to identify the health education messages that are viewed as most appropriate in such a context. Methodology: A qualitative study using gender-specific focus group discussions ( N = 21) and semi-structured interviews ( N = 82) was undertaken in three sites in PNG. Sites included both rural and urban locations in Milne Bay, Eastern Highlands and Western Highlands Provinces. Results: Two divergent discourses emerged. One group of participants, largely young people, felt communication messages should stress that HPV is a preventable sexually transmitted infection, which can cause cervical cancer. The other group, mainly members of the older population, believed that messaging should focus on the vaccine as a prevention strategy for cervical cancer. A small minority wanted both aspects of the vaccine discussed. Conclusion: Sensitivity needs to be taken when engaging with communities which have negative experiences of earlier infant immunisation programmes. Ensuring that the health communication needs and priorities of different sections of the populations are taken into account is key to the successful introduction and roll-out of HPV vaccination in this setting.
Cue Utilization Differentiates Performance in the Management of Interruptions
Authors: Falkland Emma C. , Wiggins Mark W. , Westbrook Johanna I. 
Published: June 2019

Objective To examine the role of cue utilization in the management of interruptions during a high workload, rail control simulation. Background High-risk, high-consequence environments are characterized by cognitively demanding, time-critical activities, in which operators are required to manage frequent interruptions under conditions of high workload. Interruptions are deleterious to performance as they impose excessive cognitive demand on limited working memory resources, thereby depleting residual resources for the primary task. Cue utilization may enable superior performance in managing interruptions through efficiencies gained by the application of implicit patterns stored in long-term memory. Method Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, 46 university students undertook an assessment of cue utilization and subsequently engaged in a high workload, simulated rail control task while managing multiple interruptive tasks. Experiment 2 replicated and extended Experiment 1, wherein 52 university students completed a measure of cue utilization and engaged in a high workload, simulated rail control task while managing multiple interruptions and breaks. Results The analyses revealed that participants who demonstrated a greater capacity for cue utilization also demonstrated a reduced loss of performance following interruptions. Conclusion The outcomes suggest a relationship between a greater capacity for cue utilization and superior performance in the management of interruptions in high workload conditions. Application Assessments of cue utilization may assist in the selection and training of operators in high-consequence, high-risk environments, to ensure efficient and accurate performance during the management of interruptions.
Mental health stigma among people of color: An examination of the impact of racial discrimination
Authors: Krill Williston Sarah , Martinez Jennifer H , Abdullah Tahirah 
Published: June 2019

Objective: The primary goal of this study was to examine the relations between racial discrimination experiences and different dimensions of mental health stigma among a diverse sample of people of color. Method: Participants were recruited through blast emails at a large public university and completed an online survey ( N = 205). Four linear regressions were completed predicting from recent racial discrimination experiences to (1) negative beliefs about mental health problems, (2) treatments, (3) treatment seeking and (4) anticipated stigma. Results: Results indicated that recent racial discrimination experiences contributed unique variance in anticipated stigma from loved ones, as well as negative beliefs about mental health problems. Conclusion and Implications for Practice: Racial discrimination contributes to increased anticipated stigma and negative beliefs about mental health problems. Addressing the impact of racial discrimination as it influences these dimensions of mental health stigma is important to promote recovery among people of color.
Endocannabinoid system imbalance in the postmortem prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia
Authors: Muguruza Carolina , Morentin Benito , Meana J Javier , Alexander Stephen PH , Callado Luis F 
Published: June 2019

Background: The endocannabinoid system – comprising cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoid ligands and their synthesis and inactivation enzymes – has been widely implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, little is known regarding the status of the different elements of the endocannabinoid system in the brain of schizophrenic patients. We have previously reported altered endocannabinoid levels in the postmortem brain of subjects with schizophrenia compared with matched controls. Aims: Our aim was to further examine the status of the main elements of the endocannabinoid system in the postmortem prefrontal cortex of the same cohort of subjects. Methods: Gene expression and function of the cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1) and the endocannabinoid degrading enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) have been assessed. Results: A significant decrease in CB1 mRNA levels in schizophrenia was found, without alteration of FAAH or MAGL mRNA expression. Moreover, positive correlations among mRNA expressions of the three genes studied were found in the prefrontal cortex of controls but not in schizophrenic subjects. No alteration was found in CB1 receptor mediated functional coupling to G-proteins, but a significant increase of FAAH activity was found in schizophrenic subjects compared with controls. 2-arachidonoylglycerol levels and MAGL activity were found to positively correlate in controls but not in schizophrenic subjects. Conclusions: The present findings reveal an imbalance in the expression and function of different elements of the endocannabinoid system in schizophrenia. This outcome highlights the relevance of the endocannabinoid system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and emphasises its elements as potential targets in the search for new therapeutic strategies.
Pre-cardiopulmonary bypass administration of dexmedetomidine decreases cardiac troponin I level following cardiac surgery with sevoflurane postconditioning
Authors: Zhou Hong-mei , Ling Xiao-yan , Ni Yun-jian , Wu Cheng , Zhu Zhi-peng 
Published: June 2019

Objective This study was performed to determine the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) administration on myocardial damage in cardiac surgery with sevoflurane postconditioning. Methods We retrospectively examined all cardiac valve replacement surgeries from 1 April 2016 to 30 April 2017. Eligible patients were divided into two groups based on whether DEX was infused. DEX infusion was permitted only between intubation and the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Sevoflurane was inhaled via the standard postconditioning procedure starting at aortic declamping. The cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level was measured at different time points. The postoperative outcomes and complications were also analyzed. Results One hundred patients were included in the study (DEX group, n = 53; non-DEX group, n = 47). Increased cTnI levels were significantly correlated with the New York Heart Association classification, CPB time, and DEX use. DEX use and the CPB time were potential independent factors contributing to changes in the cTnI level. The cTnI level at 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively was remarkably lower in the DEX than non-DEX group by 1.14, 7.83, and 5.86 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusions DEX decreased the cTnI level after CPB when sevoflurane postconditioning was used, especially at 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively.
Hidden blood loss and its possible risk factors in cervical open-door laminoplasty
Authors: Jiang Chao , Chen Tian-He , Chen Ze-Xin , Sun Ze-Ming , Zhang Hui , Wu Yao-Sen 
Published: June 2019

Objectives To evaluate hidden blood loss (HBL) and its possible risk factors among patients following expansive open-door laminoplasty (EOLP) for multilevel, cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of data from patients over 18 years of age who underwent posterior cervical EOLP (from C3-C6) in our department from January 2017 to July 2018. HBL was calculated by deducting the observed perioperative blood loss from the calculated total blood loss (TBL) based on the fall in haematocrit level. Results 45 patients (35 men and 10 women) were identified. Mean ± SD HBL was 337.2 ± 187.8 ml, which was 46.8% of the total perioperative blood loss (705.2 ± 269.6 ml). Twenty-three patients developed postoperative anaemia. Posterior cervical soft tissue was positively correlated with both TBL and hidden blood loss (HBL) and hypertension was positively correlated with TBL. Conclusions HBL following cervical EOLP was significant and should be recognised as a detrimental factor to patient safety during the perioperative period, especially in patients with thick posterior cervical soft tissue.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Young Female Athletes: Patellar Versus Hamstring Tendon Autografts
Authors: Salem Hytham S. , Varzhapetyan Vahe , Patel Nimit , Dodson Christopher C. , Tjoumakaris Fotios P. , Freedman Kevin B. 
Published: June 2019

Background:Female athletes are 2 to 8 times more prone to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture than males. Furthermore, reinjury to the ipsilateral or contralateral knee can occur in >20% of athletes. Female sex and younger age are known risk factors for graft failure. The optimal graft choice for young females remains unknown and poorly studied.Purpose/Hypothesis:The authors aimed to compare clinical outcomes in young females who underwent ACL reconstruction (ACLR) with bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) and quadrupled hamstring (HS) autografts. It was hypothesized that no significant differences in outcomes exist between graft choices.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Female patients aged 15 to 25 years who underwent primary ACLR with BTB or HS autograft were included for review. Patients were subdivided into 2 age groups: 15 to 20 years and 21 to 25 years. The occurrence of chondral, meniscal, or ligamentous injury to either knee was recorded for comparison.Results:A total of 256 females were included (BTB, n = 175; HS, n = 81). The majority of patients were between the ages of 15 and 20 years (BTB, 80%; HS, 77.8%). Overall, graft rupture occurred in 23 patients (9%) and contralateral ACL tear occurred in 18 (7%). Subgroup analysis showed that 75% of BTB and 100% of HS graft retears occurred in females aged 15 to 20 years. Within this age group, there was a significantly lower rate of graft ruptures in the BTB group (6.4%) as compared with the HS group (17.5%, P = .02). Allograft augmentation was used in 4 of the 11 HS grafts that retore. When allograft-augmented grafts were excluded, there was no significant difference in graft failure rate between graft choices. Fifteen patients in the BTB group (12%) as opposed to 1 in the HS group (2%) reported extreme difficulty or the inability to kneel on the front of the knee ( P = .04).Conclusion:In females aged 15 to 20 years undergoing ACLR, BTB autograft may lead to fewer graft ruptures than HS autograft. While this difference was not observed in females aged 21 to 25 years, a larger sample may be required to accept the null hypothesis in this age group. BTB autograft significantly increased the risk of kneeling pain as compared with HS regardless of age.
Breastfeeding Duration and Infant Sleep Location in a Cohort of Volunteer Breastfeeding Counselors
Authors: Bailey Cate , Tawia Susan , McGuire Elizabeth 
Published: June 2019

Background Debate about mother and infant bed sharing has been polarized between supporters of bed sharing and public health policies that attempt to mitigate the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Differences in group demographics may be an important aspect in co-sleeping acceptability. Research aims The first aim of this study was to investigate infant sleeping location in a dataset of mothers with strong breastfeeding outcomes. The second aim was to investigate the association between infant sleeping location and breastfeeding (exclusive breastfeeding to 6 months and total breastfeeding duration). Finally, we aimed to investigate predictors of breastfeeding duration. Methods Participants comprised 174 women who had applied to train as counselors with the Australian Breastfeeding Association. Data were compiled from a survey of the participants’ lactation histories, including questions related to the exclusivity and duration of breastfeeding, concerns about and problems encountered during breastfeeding, type of birth, medications during birth, demographics, and infant sleeping location. The study design was a cross-sectional, one-group survey design. Results A high proportion of participants in this study bed shared and room shared: At 0–1 month ( n = 58), 33% of participants bed-shared, which increased to 58% by 6–12 months ( n = 80). Infants who co-slept were more likely to be exclusively breastfed at 6 months (χ2 (2, n = 116) = 4.83, p = .03) and had longer breastfeeding duration ( t (62.61) = 3.81, p < .001). Conclusions Breastfeeding targets have been difficult to achieve globally, and innovative ideas are required to improve breastfeeding outcomes through public health messaging. There was a strong association in the current study between breastfeeding outcomes and degree of closeness of the infant to the mother at night. This finding should be brought into the discourse on breastfeeding and infant sleep arrangements, accompanied by evidence-based advice about safe sleeping and the promotion of breastfeeding.
A cost analysis comparing telepsychiatry to in-person psychiatric outreach and patient travel reimbursement in Northern Ontario communities
Authors: Serhal Eva , Lazor Tanya , Kurdyak Paul , Crawford Allison , de Oliveira Claire , Hancock-Howard Rebecca , Coyte Peter C 
Published: June 2019

Introduction Residents of Northern Ontario have limited access to local psychiatric care. To address this, three program models exist: (1) telepsychiatry; (2) psychiatrists traveling to underserved areas; and (3) reimbursing patients for travel to a psychiatrist. Evidence shows that telepsychiatry has comparable outcomes to in-person consultations. The objective of this study was to determine the cost difference between programs. Methods A cost-minimization analysis estimating cost per visit from a public healthcare payer economic costing perspective was conducted. Data on fixed and variable costs were obtained. Evidence-based assumptions were made where relevant. Base-case scenarios and a break-even analysis were completed, as well as deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses, to explore the effects of parameter variability on program costs. Results Costs per visit were lowest in telepsychiatry (CAD$360) followed by traveling physicians (CAD$558) and patient reimbursement (CAD$620). Among the 100,000 Monte Carlo simulations, results showed telepsychiatry was the least costly program in 71.2% of the simulations, while the reimbursement and outreach programs were least costly in 15.1% and 13.7% of simulations, respectively. The break-even analysis found telepsychiatry was the least costly program after an annual patient visit threshold of approximately 76 visits (compared to traveling psychiatrists) and 126 visits (compared to reimbursed patients). Discussion Our analyses support telepsychiatry as the least costly program. These results have important implications for program planning, including the prioritization of telepsychiatry, increased integration of telepsychiatry with other modalities of outreach psychiatry, and limiting use of the patient remuneration program to where medically necessary, to reduce overall cost.
Role of coronary angiography in patients with a non-diagnostic electrocardiogram following out of hospital cardiac arrest: Rationale and design of the multicentre randomized controlled COUPE trial
Authors: Viana-Tejedor Ana , Ariza-Solé Albert , Martínez-Sellés Manuel , Mena Manuel Jiménez , Vila Montserrat , García Cosme , García Acuña JM , Bañeras Jordi , García Rubira Juan C , Pérez Pablo J , Querol Carlos T , Pastor Gemma , Andrea Rut , Osorio Pablo L , Alonso Norberto , Martínez Cristina , Pérez Rodríguez María , Noriega Francisco J , Ferrera Carlos , Salinas Pablo , Gil Iván Núñez , Ortiz Antonio Fernández , Macaya Carlos 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The role of emergency coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) following cardiac arrest in patients without ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains unclear.

Aims:
We aim to assess whether emergency CAG and PCI, when indicated, will improve survival with good neurological outcome in post-OHCA patients without STEMI who remain comatose.

Methods:
COUPE is a prospective, multicentre and randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 166 survivors of OHCA without STEMI will be included. Potentially non-cardiac aetiology of the cardiac arrest will be ruled out prior to randomization. Randomization will be 1:1 for emergency (within 2 h) or deferred (performed before discharge) CAG. Both groups will receive routine care in the intensive cardiac care unit, including therapeutic hypothermia. The primary efficacy endpoint is a composite of in-hospital survival free of severe dependence, which will be evaluated using the Cerebral Performance Category Scale. The safety endpoint will be a composite of major adverse cardiac events including death, reinfarction, bleeding and ventricular arrhythmias.

Conclusions:
This study will assess the efficacy of an emergency CAG versus a deferred one in OHCA patients without STEMI in terms of survival and neurological impairment.