bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging provides evidence of glymphatic drainage from human brain to cervical lymph nodes
Authors: Eide Per Kristian , Vatnehol Svein Are Sirirud , Emblem Kyrre Eeg , Ringstad Geir 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPre-clinical research in rodents provides evidence that the central nervous system (CNS) has functional lymphatic vessels. In-vivo observations in humans, however, are not demonstrated. We here show data on CNS lymphatic drainage to cervical lymph nodes in-vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhanced with an intrathecal contrast agent as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tracer. Standardized MRI of the intracranial compartment and the neck were acquired before and up to 24–48 hours following intrathecal contrast agent administration in 19 individuals. Contrast enhancement was radiologically confirmed by signal changes in CSF nearby inferior frontal gyrus, brain parenchyma of inferior frontal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus and pons, and parenchyma of cervical lymph node, and with sagittal sinus and neck muscle serving as reference tissue for cranial and neck MRI acquisitions, respectively. Time series of changes in signal intensity shows that contrast enhancement within CSF precedes glymphatic enhancement and peaks at 4–6 hours following intrathecal injection. Cervical lymph node enhancement coincides in time with peak glymphatic enhancement, with peak after 24 hours. Our findings provide in-vivo evidence of CSF tracer drainage to cervical lymph nodes in humans. The time course of lymph node enhancement coincided with brain glymphatic enhancement rather than with CSF enhancement.
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is a candidate entry sorting mechanism for Bombyx mori cypovirus
Authors: Chen Fei , Zhu Liyuan , Zhang Yiling , Kumar Dhiraj , Cao Guangli , Hu Xiaolong , Liang Zi , Kuang Sulan , Xue Renyu , Gong Chengliang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBombyx mori cypovirus (BmCPV), a member of the Reoviridae, specifically infects silkworms and causes extensive economic losses to the sericulture industry. To date, the entry mechanism of BmCPV into cells is unclear. Here we used electron microscopy to study the route of entry of BmCPV into cells, and the results demonstrated that the entry of BmCPV into BmN cells was mediated by endocytosis. Blocking the entry pathway with four endocytosis inhibitors, including dansylcadaverine, chlorpromazine, genistein, and PP2, significantly decreased the infectivity of BmCPV. This indicates that BmCPV enters BmN cells via endocytosis, and that clathrin-mediated sorting is the predominant entry method. After the relative expression levels of clathrin heavy chain (clathrin, GenBank accession No. NM_001142971.1) and the adaptor protein complex-1 gamma subunit AP-1 (AP-1, GenBank accession No. JQ824201.1), which are involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, were inhibited by RNA interference or abolishing the functions of clathrin and AP-1 with their corresponding antibodies, the infectivity of BmCPV was reduced significantly, which suggests that clathrin-mediated endocytosis contributed to the entry of BmCPV into cells. Our findings suggest that the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway is a candidate for the development of therapeutics for silkworm cytoplasmic polyhedrosis.
Systematic realization of double-zero-index phononic crystals with hard inclusions
Authors: Hyun Jaeyub , Choi Wonjae , Wang Semyung , Park Choon-su , Kim Miso 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA systematic process is described to realize double-zero-index phononic crystals with Dirac-like points experimentally. This type of crystal normally has softer inclusion material than its surroundings medium, allowing mapping into a zero-index medium under certain conditions but also making experimental implementation difficult. On the other hand, realizing phononic crystals with hard inclusions can be experimentally more feasible, but the mapping conditions cannot be directly applied to hard-inclusion crystals such that mapping is not systematically guaranteed in these cases. Moreover, even if such crystals become realizable, there is a lack of a systematic design process which can be used to optimize or to redesign the crystals, which largely limits their potential applications. In this paper, we discover the essential conditions for realizing phononic crystals with hard inclusions and propose a methodology for the systematic design of these crystals using homogenization based on the effective medium theory. Using the proposed method, a double-zero-index phononic crystal with hard inclusions is optimized and experimentally realized for an underwater ultrasonic wave collimator.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Fetal Growth Vary during Sensitive Periods in Pregnancy
Authors: Workalemahu Tsegaselassie , Grantz Katherine L. , Grewal Jagteshwar , Zhang Cuilin , Louis Germaine M. Buck , Tekola-Ayele Fasil 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAberrant fetal growth is associated with morbidities and mortality during childhood and adult life. Although genetic and environmental factors are known to influence in utero growth, their relative contributions over pregnancy is unknown. We estimated, across gestation, the genetic heritability, contribution of shared environment, and genetic correlations of fetal growth measures (abdominal circumference (AC), humerus length (HL), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW)) in a prospective cohort of dichorionic twin gestations recruited through the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies. Structural equation models were fit at the end of first trimester, during mid-gestation, late second trimester, and third trimester of pregnancy. The contribution of fetal genetics on fetal size increased with gestational age, peaking in late second trimester (AC = 53%, HL = 57%, FL = 72%, EFW = 71%; p < 0.05). In contrast, shared environment explained most of phenotypic variations in fetal growth in the first trimester (AC = 50%, HL = 54%, FL = 47%, EFW = 54%; p < 0.05), suggesting that the first trimester presents an intervention opportunity for a more optimal early fetal growth. Genetic correlations between growth traits (range 0.34–1.00; p < 0.05) were strongest at the end of first trimester and declined with gestation, suggesting that different fetal growth measures are more likely to be influenced by the same genes in early pregnancy.
Naked Gold Nanoparticles and hot Electrons in Water
Authors: Ghandi Khashayar , Wang Furong , Landry Cody , Mostafavi Mehran 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe ionizing radiation in aqueous solutions of gold nanoparticles, stabilized by electrostatic non-covalent intermolecular forces and steric interactions, with antimicrobial compounds, are investigated with picosecond pulse radiolysis techniques. Upon pulse radiolysis of an aqueous solution containing very low concentrations of gold nanoparticles with naked surfaces available in water (not obstructed by chemical bonds), a change to Cerenkov spectrum over a large range of wavelengths are observed and pre-solvated electrons are captured by gold nanoparticles exclusively (not by ionic liquid surfactants used to stabilize the nanoparticles). The solvated electrons are also found to decay rapidly compared with the decay kinetics in water. These very fast reactions with electrons in water could provide an enhanced oxidizing zone around gold nanoparticles and this could be the reason for radio sensitizing behavior of gold nanoparticles in radiation therapy.
Biofabrication of in situ Self Assembled 3D Cell Cultures in a Weightlessness Environment Generated using Magnetic Levitation
Authors: Anil-Inevi Muge , Yaman Sena , Yildiz Ahu Arslan , Mese Gulistan , Yalcin-Ozuysal Ozden , Tekin H. Cumhur , Ozcivici Engin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMagnetic levitation though negative magnetophoresis is a novel technology to simulate weightlessness and has recently found applications in material and biological sciences. Yet little is known about the ability of the magnetic levitation system to facilitate biofabrication of in situ three dimensional (3D) cellular structures. Here, we optimized a magnetic levitation though negative magnetophoresis protocol appropriate for long term levitated cell culture and developed an in situ 3D cellular assembly model with controlled cluster size and cellular pattern under simulated weightlessness. The developed strategy outlines a potential basis for the study of weightlessness on 3D living structures and with the opportunity for real-time imaging that is not possible with current ground-based simulated weightlessness techniques. The low-cost technique presented here may offer a wide range of biomedical applications in several research fields, including mechanobiology, drug discovery and developmental biology.
Essential oil of Siparuna guianensis as an alternative tool for improved lepidopteran control and resistance management practices
Authors: Lourenço Adriano M. , Haddi Khalid , Ribeiro Bergman M. , Corrêia Roberto F. T. , Tomé Hudson V. V. , Santos-Amaya Oscar , Pereira Eliseu J. G. , Guedes Raul N. C. , Santos Gil R. , Oliveira Eugênio E. , Aguiar Raimundo W. S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough the cultivation of transgenic plants expressing toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) represents a successful pest management strategy, the rapid evolution of resistance to Bt plants in several lepidopteran pests has threatened the sustainability of this practice. By exhibiting a favorable safety profile and allowing integration with pest management initiatives, plant essential oils have become relevant pest control alternatives. Here, we assessed the potential of essential oils extracted from a Neotropical plant, Siparuna guianensis Aublet, for improving the control and resistance management of key lepidopteran pests (i.e., Spodoptera frugiperda and Anticarsia gemmatalis). The essential oil exhibited high toxicity against both lepidopteran pest species (including an S. frugiperda strain resistant to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab Bt toxins). This high insecticidal activity was associated with necrotic and apoptotic effects revealed by in vitro assays with lepidopteran (but not human) cell lines. Furthermore, deficits in reproduction (e.g., egg-laying deterrence and decreased egg viability), larval development (e.g., feeding inhibition) and locomotion (e.g., individual and grouped larvae walking activities) were recorded for lepidopterans sublethally exposed to the essential oil. Thus, by similarly and efficiently controlling lepidopteran strains susceptible and resistant to Bt toxins, the S. guianensis essential oil represents a promising management tool against key lepidopteran pests.
The association between MTHFR polymorphism and cervical cancer
Authors: Gong Jiao-Mei , Shen Yong , Shan Wan-Wan , He Yan-Xia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCervical cancer is an extremely prevalent disease worldwide. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the relationship between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms or methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) polymorphisms and cervical cancer. There were 372 women who performed genetic and folic acid assessments. For the MTHFR C677T, there was no significant difference in the distribution of C allele and T allele in the three groups. However, the mutant C allele of MTHFR A1298C was significantly higher in the cancer group than in the normal group. Similarly, the mutant G allele of MTRR A66G was also higher than the normal group. The serum folic acid levels were gradually decreased with the development of cervical lesions. Serum folate levels in 4–9 ng/ml and ≤4 ng/ml were both significantly associated with cervical cancer risk. However, the MTHFR C677T polymorphism was not associated with the risk of cervical cancer or CIN. In contrast, the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism could increase the risk of both cervical cancer and CIN. In addition, the MTRR A66G polymorphism was only associated with the risk of cervical cancer but not CIN.
Lineare IgA-Dermatose − interessanter Fall einer seltenen Erkrankung
Authors: Troyanova-Slavkova S. , Dumann K. , Esser M. , Kowalzick L. 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungBullöse Autoimmundermatosen sind seltene, aber wichtige Hauterkrankungen mit relativ hoher Morbidität und Mortalität. Bei der Unterteilung dieser Hauterkrankungen ist es von Bedeutung, ob eine subepidermale oder intraepidermale Blasenbildung besteht. Subepidermale, autoimmune, bullöse Erkrankungen der Haut und der Schleimhäute umfassen eine große Gruppe chronischer Erkrankungen. Diese beinhaltet u. a. bullöses Pemphigoid, Pemphigoid gestationis, Schleimhautpemphigoid, lineare IgA-Dermatose, Anti-p200-Pemphigoid und Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Bei diesen Erkrankungen werden Auto-Antikörper gegen strukturelle Bestandteile der Desmosomen, Hemidesmosomen und der Basalmembranzone gebildet, wodurch sich die Blasen bilden. Die lineare IgA-Dermatose ist eine sehr seltene, v. a. bei Kindern und jungen Erwachsenen auftretende Hauterkrankung. Sie ist durch lineare Ablagerung von IgA entlang der Basalmembran und dadurch bedingte Störung der dermo-epidermalen Verbindung gekennzeichnet. Die Erkrankung kann sowohl medikamentös als auch idiopathisch auftreten. Hier berichten wir über den Fall eines 56-jährigen Patienten mit seit ca. 2 Monaten bestehenden, stark juckenden, prallen Blasen am Rumpf und an den Extremitäten, die mit klarer Flüssigkeit gefüllt waren. Aufgrund mangelhafter Compliance erfolgte ambulant noch keine Behandlung. Histologisch wurde eine subepidermal autoimmun-blasenbildende Dermatose beschrieben. Die genaue Diagnose konnte nur dank der indirekten Immunfluoreszenz-Untersuchung gestellt werden.
Behandlung und Prognose der ältesten Alten mit kolorektalem Karzinom
Authors: Denz Axel , Kohl Valerie , Weber Klaus , Langheinrich Melanie , Schellerer Vera , Merkel Susanne , Grützmann Robert 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einführung Epidemiologische Berechnungen prognostizieren, dass der Anteil der älteren Menschen bei steigender durchschnittlicher Lebenserwartung und einer abnehmenden Zahl jüngerer Menschen in Deutschland zukünftig weiter zunehmen wird. Es wird hierbei auch zu einer Zunahme älterer und sehr alter Menschen mit einem kolorektalen Karzinom kommen. Daher werden Studien über sehr alte Patienten eine zunehmende Bedeutung erfahren.
Material und Methodik Es wurden die prospektiv erhobenen Daten von 141 Patienten ≥ 85 Jahren („die ältesten Alten“) mit kolorektalem Karzinom, die zwischen 1995 und 2014 an unserer Klinik behandelt wurden, retrospektiv untersucht. Verglichen wurden die Behandlung, Komplikationen und onkologische Prognose dieser Kohorte mit einer gleichaltrigen historischen Patientengruppe (n = 57), deren Behandlung zwischen 1978 und 1994 erfolgte, und eines weniger alten Kollektivs im Alter von 75 bis 84 Jahren, das zwischen 1995 und 2014 (n = 726) behandelt wurde.
Ergebnisse Die untersuchte Patientengruppe bestand aus 64 Männern und 77 Frauen. 88 Patienten hatten ein Kolonkarzinom, 53 Patienten ein Rektumkarzinom. Bei 127 Patienten wurde eine Tumorresektion vorgenommen, davon wurden 112 als R0 klassifiziert. Der Vergleich mit der gleichaltrigen historischen Gruppe (1978 – 1994) zeigte, dass die Anzahl der Patienten und der Tumorresektionen gestiegen war (74 vs. 90%, p = 0,003) und seltener synchrone Fernmetastasen diagnostiziert wurden (28 vs. 14%, p = 0,015). Die 5-Jahres-Lokalrezidivraten nach R0-Resektion sanken von 11,5 auf 1,4% (p = 0,027). Im Vergleich mit der weniger alten Patientengruppe (75 – 84 Jahre) gab es im untersuchten Kollektiv mehr weibliche Patienten (55 vs. 42,3%, p = 0,007), mehr Notfalleingriffe (9,8 vs. 22%, p < 0,001) und seltener eine neoadjuvante Radio-/Chemotherapie (3 vs. 11%, p = 0,003). Sowohl die Morbidität als auch die Mortalität war in der Gruppe der ältesten Alten höher. Das beobachtete Überleben war nach R0-Resektion und Ausschluss der postoperativ Verstorbenen im Vergleich zum weniger alten Kollektiv kürzer (2-Jahres-Rate 66,4%, 5-Jahres-Rate 32,9%), wohingegen das krebsbezogene Überleben gleich war (2-Jahres-Rate 93,1%, 5-Jahres-Rate 86,7%).
Schlussfolgerung Der Anteil der ältesten alten Patienten mit kolorektalem Karzinom wird in Zukunft weiter zunehmen. Diese Patienten haben erwartungsgemäß ein höheres Risiko für postoperative Komplikationen. Allerdings ist nach der Rekonvaleszenz das krebsbezogene Überleben nicht schlechter als bei den weniger alten Patienten.
Increasing Body Mass Index Predicts Rapid Decline in Renal Function: A 5 Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Ma Xiaojing , Zhang Chengyin , Su Hong , Gong Xiaojie , Kong Xianglei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhile obesity is a recognized risk factor for chronic kidney disease, it remains unclear whether change in body mass index (ΔBMI ) is independently associated with decline in renal function (evaluated by the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate, ΔeGFR) over time. Accordingly, to help clarify this we conducted a retrospective study to measure the association of ΔBMI with decline in renal function in Chinese adult population. A total of 4007 adults (aged 45.3±13.7 years, 68.6% male) without chronic kidney disease at baseline were enrolled between 2008 and 2013. Logistic regression models were applied to explore the relationships between baseline BMI and ΔBMI, and rapid decline in renal function (defined as the lowest quartile of ΔeGFR ). During 5 years of follow-up, the ΔBMI and ΔeGFR were 0.47±1.6 (kg/m2) and –3.0±8.8 (ml/min/1.73 m2), respectively. After adjusted for potential confounders, ΔBMI (per 1 kg/m2 increase) was independently associated with the rapid decline in renal function [with a fully adjusted OR of 1.12 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.20). By contrast, the baseline BMI was not associated with rapid decline in renal function [OR=1.05 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.13)]. The results were robust among 2948 hypertension-free and diabetes-free participants, the adjusted ORs of ΔBMI and baseline BMI were 1.14 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.23) and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.04) for rapid decline in renal function, respectively. The study revealed that increasing ΔBMI predicts rapid decline in renal function.
Palsy of the Contralateral Abducens Nerve after Aneurysm Surgery and Temporal Meningioma in the Presence of Petroclival Meningioma: A Case Report
Authors: Moreira Pedro , Souza Anderson , Teixeira Manoel , Figueiredo Eberval 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe sixth abducens nerve is subject to injury after rare complications of intracranial hypotension caused by procedures such as dural punctures and spinal surgeries. The purpose of this case report is to discuss the mechanism of nerve palsy in these situations. Therefore, we describe a case of onset of contralateral sixth cranial nerve palsy after intracranial aneurysm and temporal meningioma surgery. Moreover, in this case there is a singularity due to the presence of the petroclival meningioma that amplified the unfolding of the lesion.
Proper Choice of Vessels for Supermicrosurgery Training: An Experimental Animal study
Authors: Ha Yooseok , Song Seung , Kang Nak , Oh Sang-Ha 
Published: May 2018

Background Reconstruction using supermicrosurgery, a technique of microneurovascular anastomosis for smaller vessels (< 0.8 mm), has become popular. Experimental animal studies for supermicrosurgery training have been reported; however, there have been few studies performed according to vessel diameter and pedicle length. In this study, the external diameters of four vessels (femoral, superficial epigastric, axillary, and common thoracic) and pedicle length of two flaps (superficial epigastric and common thoracic–long thoracic) were measured.
Methods The inguinal and pectoral regions of Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 19) were dissected anatomically, and the external diameters of the four vessels were measured (right and left, artery and vein measured separately). After elevating the superficial epigastric and common thoracic–long thoracic flaps, the pedicle length of the flaps was also measured.
Results Among the 16 vessels examined, the external diameters of 11 and 5 vessels were above and below 0.8 mm, respectively. The external diameters of the superficial epigastric vessel and common thoracic vessel (both arteries and veins) were below 0.8 mm. The external diameters of the femoral and axillary vessels (veins) were above 0.8 mm. The length of the common thoracic–long thoracic pedicle was approximately10 mm longer than that of the superficial epigastric pedicle.
Conclusions The external diameters of the superficial epigastric vessel and common thoracic vessel are small enough for supermicrosurgery training. The pedicle lengths of both the superficial epigastric and common thoracic–long thoracic flaps are sufficient to perform free flap experiments. Supermicrosurgical free flaps using these two vessels and a study of the physiology and pharmacology of the flaps will likely be possible in the future.
Prävention einer ersten psychotischen Episode
Authors: Schultz J. , Wasserthal S. , Kloss C. , Schmidt S. , Ruhrmann S. , Hurlemann R. 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel: Psychotische Störungen gehören aufgrund ihres frühen Beginns und ihren langfristigen Konsequenzen zu den teuersten psychischen Erkrankungen in Europa. Prävention könnte die gesellschaftlichen Kosten und die immense Belastung für Patienten und Familien signifikant reduzieren. Neurobiologische Befunde deuten auf eine glutamaterge Dysfunktion und ein Redoxungleichgewicht in der Pathophysiologie der Schizophrenie. Wir vermuten, dass Interventionen, die auf soziale Funktionen und glutamaterge /oxidative Signalwege abzielen, die Übergangsraten signifikant reduzieren würden. Material und Methoden: Unsere Studie ist eine randomisierte, placebokontrollierte 18-monatige Studie (6-Monate Intervention; 12 Monate Nachuntersuchung) mit 200 Probanden, die ein klinisch erhöhtes Risiko für Psychosen haben. Wir werden in einem 2x2-faktoriellen Design die präventiven Effekte einer kognitiv-behavioralen und sozial-kognitiven Intervention (IPPI) mit einer pharmakologischen Intervention mit einem pro-glutamatergen, neuroprotektiven Medikament (N-Acetylcystein) vergleichen. Ergebnisse und klinische Relevanz: Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie sollen zu neuen, gut verträglichen präventiven Interventionen führen.
Verbesserung der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit von Patienten mit Schizophrenie durch transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation
Authors: Hasan A , Papazova I , Fallgatter A. J , Plewnia C , Schwippel T 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungKognitive Störungen sind ein Kernaspekt der Schizophrenie und beeinflussen das Langzeitergebnis der Behandlung, die Mortalität und die Lebensqualität der Patienten. Medikamentöse Behandlungsversuche erbrachten wenig zufriedenstellende Resultate, wohingegen das Training kognitiver Leistungen durchaus wirksam sein kann. Eine noch unzureichende Effektstärke und Generalisierbarkeit der Trainingserfolge sowie der hoher Zeitaufwand limitieren den generellen klinischen Einsatz. In einem innovativen Ansatz soll untersucht werden, ob eine Augmentation des kognitiven Trainings mit transkranieller Gleichstromstimulation (tDCS) den Effekt des Trainings und damit die klinische Anwendbarkeit verbessern kann. Mit der tDCS steht ein nebenwirkungsarmes Verfahren zur Verfügung, mit welchem der Aktivitätszustand des Gehirns polaritätsabhängig moduliert werden kann. Hierbei wird über zwei Elektroden schwacher Gleichstrom appliziert, welcher zur Veränderung des Ruhemembranpotenzials kortikaler Neurone führt und es ermöglicht dadurch die Erregbarkeit neuronaler Netzwerke gezielt zu modulieren. Die Kombination von Training und tDCS kann synergistisch zur Unterstützung adaptiver neuroplastischer Prozesse eingesetzt werden und möglicherweise die Effektivität eines kognitiven Trainings bei Patienten mit Schizophrenie verbessern. Dies könnte dazu beitragen die Erholung von Beeinträchtigungen kognitiver Funktionen bei an Schizophrenie erkrankten Menschen wirkungsvoll zu unterstützen und ihre Lebensqualität zu steigern.