bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of an oral function intervention for older Taiwanese people
Authors: Ting Chun‐Chan , Ko Edward Chengchuan , Chen Chih‐Chia , Chang Wen‐Yao , Tu Hsiao‐Pei , Chang Chin‐Shun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveOral function disorders occur often in older people with increasing age. Oral function disorders affect bodily function and self‐esteem, which are related to quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an oral function intervention programme on the oral function of older Taiwanese people.Materials and MethodsA one‐group pretest‐post‐test study design was used. A total of 529 older Taiwanese people (women, 68.2%; men, 31.8%; average age, 75.07 ± 5.95 years) participated in this study. The oral function intervention programme consisted of a brief oral health education programme and oral function exercises. The total test period was 8 months. The oral condition and function examination comprised two questionnaires (self‐reported symptoms of oral function disturbance and the Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index [GOHAI]) and three oral function assessments (Repetitive Saliva Swallowing Test [RSST], Oral Diadochokinesia Test [ODT] and Cheek Expanding Test [CET]).ResultsAfter the oral function intervention, the self‐reported symptoms on the oral function questionnaire and GOHAI showed significant improvement (P < 0.05). Additionally, RSST, ODT and CET showed differences between pretest and post‐test measurements (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe oral function intervention programme was effective in maintaining their feeding, swallowing and articulatory functions of older Taiwanese people. Significant improvements in self‐reported symptoms of oral function and GOHAI scores indicated that the oral function intervention programme might improve the QOL of older Taiwanese people.
Slow walking speed overlapped with low handgrip strength in chronic liver disease patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nagamatsu Ayu , Kawaguchi Takumi , Hirota Keisuke , Koya Shunji , Tomita Manabu , Hashida Ryuki , Kida Yohei , Narao Hayato , Manako Yuta , Tanaka Daisuke , Koga Noboru , Nakano Dan , Niizeki Takashi , Matsuse Hiroo , Torimura Takuji , Shiba Naoto 
Published: July 2019

AimWalking speed and grip strength are parameters of muscle function; however, evaluating walking speed is not always available in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate the impact of walking speed on the evaluation of muscle dysfunction in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsWe enrolled 107 consecutive CLD patients with HCC in this study (age 76 years [range 60–92 years]; female/male 39/68; body mass index 22.9 [range 20.0–25.3]; chronic hepatitis/liver cirrhosis 25/82). Muscle dysfunction was evaluated using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria (grip strength or walking speed) and the Japan Society of Hepatology criteria (grip strength). A correlation between walking speed and skeletal muscle index was evaluated. Independent factors for slow walking speed were evaluated using a logistic regression analysis.ResultsThere was no significant correlation between walking speed and skeletal muscle index (r = 0.14, P = 0.16). For both the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia and Japan Society of Hepatology criteria, 33.6% of all patients were classified as having muscle dysfunction. All patients with slow walking speed (4.7% of all patients) also showed low handgrip strength. The logistic regression analysis identified grip strength as an independent factor for slow walking speed (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.432–0.838; P = 0.008).ConclusionsNo difference was seen in the prevalence of muscle dysfunction between the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia and Japan Society of Hepatology criteria in CLD patients with HCC. Furthermore, all patients with slow walking speed also showed low handgrip strength. Thus, for the evaluation of muscle dysfunction, grip strength might be a suitable proxy for walking speed in CLD patients with HCC.
BAFF, IL‐4 and IL‐21 separably program germinal center‐like phenotype acquisition, BCL6 expression, proliferation and survival of CD40L‐activated B cells in vitro
Authors: Robinson Marcus J , Pitt Catherine , Brodie Erica J , Valk Anika M , O'Donnell Kristy , Nitschke Lars , Jones Sarah , Tarlinton David M 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA B cell culture system using BAFF, IL‐4 and IL‐21 was recently developed that generates B cells with phenotypic and functional characteristics of in vivo‐generated germinal center (GC) B cells. Here, we observe discrete influences of each exogenous signal on the expansion and differentiation of a CD40L‐activated B cell pool. IL‐4 was expressly necessary, but neither BAFF nor IL‐21 was required for B cell acquisition of the GC B cell phenotypes of peanut agglutinin binding and loss of CD38 and IgD expression. Both IL‐4 and IL‐21 enhanced cell cycle entry upon initial activation dose‐dependently, and did so additively. Importantly, while both cytokines acted in concert to increase overall BCL6 expression amounts, IL‐21 exposure uniquely caused a small proportion of cells to attain a higher level of BCL6 expression, reminiscent of in vivo GC B cells. In contrast, BAFF supported survival of a fraction of memory‐like B cells in extended cultures after removal of surrogate T cell‐help signals. Thus, by separably programming proliferation, survival and GC phenotype acquisition, IL‐4, BAFF and IL‐21 drive distinct components of activated B cell fate.
Missed opportunities for HIV testing persist despite a single educational intervention: how can we close this evidence‐practice gap?
Authors: King Katherine , Seah Jarrel , Cheng Allen , Whiting Sarah , Hoy Jennifer 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn Australia, one‐third of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses occur late, with an estimated 11% of people with HIV unaware of their diagnosis. Undiagnosed and untreated HIV infection increases morbidity in the HIV positive person and allows onward transmission of HIV.AimTo determine the rate of HIV testing in acute general medicine patients with HIV indicator conditions (IC) and evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention in improving testing rates.MethodsSingle‐centre, tertiary hospital, before‐after study of general medicine inpatients with IC for 12 weeks prior and 10 weeks post an educational intervention focusing on recommendations for HIV testing including IC. The REASON Cohort Discovery Tool was used to search for the IC using ICD‐10 codes and laboratory data. The presence of IC was estimated, and HIV testing rates before and after the intervention were compared. Regression analysis was utilised to identify characteristics associated with HIV testing.ResultsOf 1414 admissions in the baseline period and 946 in the post‐period, 161 (11.4%) and 132 (14.0%) had at least one IC present respectively. There were 18 (11.2%) HIV tests performed for admissions with IC in the pre‐period which increased to 27 (20.5%) (P = 0.028) in the post‐period. Younger patients were more likely to be tested and regression analysis identified the educational intervention (adjusted odds ratio) 2.2 (1.1, 4.4) to be significantly associated with testing.ConclusionsAlthough HIV testing rates for IC doubled following the intervention, they remained unacceptably low. The recently introduced electronic medical record presents opportunities to prompt HIV testing.
Correlates of current caregiving among siblings of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Lee Chung eun , Burke Meghan , Arnold Catherine K. , Owen Aleksa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAs individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) grow older, siblings are likely to become caregivers for their brothers and sisters with IDD. Thus, it is important to identify the correlates of sibling caregiving to facilitate transitions to caregiving roles.MethodThis study involved the secondary analysis of a national data set of 429 adult siblings of individuals with IDD.ResultsCurrent sibling caregiving was positively correlated with sibling relationship quality, sibling advocacy and future planning, maladaptive behaviours of individuals with IDD, and family size. Current sibling caregiving was negatively correlated with parent caregiving abilities and functional abilities of individuals with IDD. Further, among siblings who provided care, the level and nature of sibling caregiving were negatively correlated with parent caregiving abilities.ConclusionsThe results identify the correlates of current caregiving among siblings of individuals with IDD. More research is needed to understand current sibling caregiving.
Muscle wasting: A review of exercise, classical and non‐classical RAS axes
Authors: Winslow Mark A. , Hall Stephanie E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis review identifies how the classical/non‐classical renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) and exercise influence muscle wasting. The classical RAS axis enhances muscle loss through the interaction with NADPH oxidase (NOX), ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), protein synthesis and fibrosis pathways. The mainstream hypothesis identifies reactive oxygen species (ROS) as the key pathway in muscle, this review recognizes alternative pathways that lead to an increase in muscle wasting through the classical RAS axis. In addition, pathways in which the non‐classical RAS axis and exercise inhibit the classical RAS axis are also explored. The non‐classical RAS axis and exercise have a significant negative impact on ROS production and protein synthesis. The non‐classical RAS axis has been identified in this review to directly affect protein synthesis pathways not by altering the pre‐existing intracellular ROS level, further supporting the idea that muscle wasting caused by the classical RAS system is not entirely due to ROS production. Exercise has been identified to modify the RAS axes making it a therapeutic option.
Breathing life into climate change adaptation
Authors: Stadler Frank , Houghton Luke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe exploration of evolutionary biology and biological adaptation can inform society's adaptation to climate change, particularly the mechanisms that bring about adaptability, such as phenotypic plasticity, epigenetics, and horizontal gene transfer. Learning from unplanned autonomous biological adaptation may be considered undesirable and incompatible with human endeavor. However, it is argued that there is no need for agency, and planned adaptation is not necessarily preferable over autonomous adaptation. What matters is the efficacy of adaptive mechanisms and their capacity to increase societal resilience to current and future impacts. In addition, there is great scope for industrial ecology (IE) to contribute approaches to climate change adaptation that generate system models and baseline data to inform decision making. The problem of “uncertainty” was chosen as an example of a challenge that is shared by biological systems, IE, and climate change adaptation to show how biological adaptation might contribute solutions. Finally, the Coastal Climate Adaptation Decision Support tool was used to demonstrate how IE and biological adaptation approaches may be mainstreamed in climate change adaptation planning and practice. In conclusion, there is close conceptual alignment between evolutionary biology and IE. The integration of biological adaptation thinking can enrich IE, add new perspectives to climate change adaptation science, and support IE's engagement with climate change adaptation. There should be no major obstacles regarding the collaboration of industrial ecologists with the climate change adaptation community, but mainstreaming of biological adaptation solutions depends greatly on successful knowledge transfer and the engagement of open‐minded and informed adaptation stakeholders.
Seasonal decrease in thermogenesis and increase in vasoconstriction explain seasonal response to N6‐cyclohexyladenosine‐induced hibernation in the Arctic ground squirrel (Urocitellus parryii)
Authors: Frare Carla , Jenkins Mackenzie E. , McClure Kelsey M. , Drew Kelly L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHibernation is a seasonal phenomenon characterized by a drop in metabolic rate and body temperature. Adenosine A1 receptor agonists promote hibernation in different mammalian species, and the understanding of the mechanism inducing hibernation will inform clinical strategies to manipulate metabolic demand that are fundamental to conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and therapeutic hypothermia. Adenosine A1 receptor agonist‐induced hibernation in Arctic ground squirrels is regulated by an endogenous circannual (seasonal) rhythm. This study aims to identify the neuronal mechanism underlying the seasonal difference in response to the adenosine A1 receptor agonist. Arctic ground squirrels were implanted with body temperature transmitters and housed at constant ambient temperature (2°C) and light cycle (4L:20D). We administered CHA (N6‐cyclohexyladenosine), an adenosine A1 receptor agonist in euthermic‐summer phenotype and euthermic‐winter phenotype and used cFos and phenotypic immunoreactivity to identify cell groups affected by season and treatment. We observed lower core and subcutaneous temperature in winter animals and CHA produced a hibernation‐like response in winter, but not in summer. cFos‐ir was greater in the median preoptic nucleus and the raphe pallidus in summer after CHA. CHA administration also resulted in enhanced cFos‐ir in the nucleus tractus solitarius and decreased cFos‐ir in the tuberomammillary nucleus in both seasons. In winter, cFos‐ir was greater in the supraoptic nucleus and lower in the raphe pallidus than in summer. The seasonal decrease in the thermogenic response to CHA and the seasonal increase in vasoconstriction, assessed by subcutaneous temperature, reflect the endogenous seasonal modulation of the thermoregulatory systems necessary for CHA‐induced hibernation.Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14528.
image
Class formation and commodity chains in the making of regional monocultures: Agrarian reform from above and below in Mexico's henequen and cotton zones
Authors: Bair Jennifer 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper analyses the rise and fall of two regional monocultures in Mexico: the henequen zone in the southern state of Yucatán and the cotton‐growing area of La Laguna. Both regions experienced a dramatic expansion of commodity production between 1870 and 1910, but their key crops came to be cultivated under different labour regimes: debt peonage in the case of henequen and wage labour in the case of cotton. The process of class formation that unfolded in each region culminated in the 1930s in different kinds of crises. In Yucatán, a political struggle between hacienda owners and the federal government resulted in an agrarian reform “from above.” In La Laguna, class conflict between rural wageworkers and the landed bourgeoisie forced an agrarian reform “from below.” These previously distinct labour regimes converged in subsequent decades, however, as rural producers became de facto wageworkers on state‐organized and state‐administered production units known as collective ejidos. Ultimately, changes in the global markets for cotton and henequen, combined with the inability of the Mexican state to reconcile the political logic of agrarian clientelism with shifting commodity chain dynamics, resulted in the collapse of these regional monocultures in the late 20th century.
Homocysteine, folic acid, and vitamin B12 levels in patients on isotretinoin therapy for acne vulgaris: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Hyun Jung , Lee Seung Min , Lee Jong Suk , Lee Sung Yul , Chung Euy Hyun , Cho Moon Kyun , Lee Sang Hoon , Kim Jung Eun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundOral isotretinoin (Iso) is one of the most commonly used drugs for patients with moderate‐to‐severe acne; however, its use has been associated with several adverse effects. Some studies have suggested an association between Iso therapy and homocysteine (Hcy), folic acid, and vitamin B12 plasma levels.ObjectiveTo evaluate the changes in plasma Hcy, folic acid, and vitamin B12 levels during Iso therapy for acne using meta‐analytic methods.MethodsFive scientific databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, and Web of Science) were searched according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines up to December 2018. A review of 734 publications identified 10 studies that assessed plasma levels of Hcy, folic acid, and vitamin B12 during Iso therapy in acne patients.ResultsA total of 10 studies consisting of 592 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. Plasma Hcy levels were significantly increased after Iso therapy (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 2.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.78‐4.20, I2 = 86%), whereas folic acid levels were significantly decreased after Iso therapy (WMD: −1.03, 95% CI: −1.90 to −0.17, I2 = 89%).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis found that Iso therapy was associated with changes in plasma levels of Hcy and folic acid in acne patients. However, further evaluation in controlled studies is needed to verify these results.
Longer Repetition Time Proton MR Spectroscopy Shows Increasing Hippocampal and Parahippocampal Metabolite Concentrations with Aging
Authors: Sporn Leo , MacMillan Erin L. , Ge Ruiyang , Greenway Kyle , Vila‐Rodriguez Fidel , Laule Cornelia 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEPrevious magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies have concluded that hippocampal and parahippocampal metabolite concentrations remain stable during healthy adult aging. However, these studies used short repetition times (TR ≤ 2 seconds), which lead to incomplete longitudinal magnetization recovery, and thus, heavily T1‐weighted measurements. It is important to accurately characterize brain metabolites changes with age to enable appropriate interpretations of MRS findings in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. Our goal was to assess hippocampal brain metabolite concentrations in a large cohort of diversely aged healthy volunteers using a longer TR of 4 seconds.METHODSLeft hippocampal MR spectra were collected from 38 healthy volunteers at 3T. Absolute metabolite concentrations were determined for total N‐acetyl‐aspartate (tNAA), total creatine (tCr), total choline (tCho), glutamate and glutamine (Glx), and myoinositol (mI). Individual partial correlations between each metabolite with age were assessed using demographic information and voxel compartmentation as confounders.RESULTSHippocampal tNAA, tCr, tCho, and mI all increased with age (NAA: R2 = .17, P = .041; tCr: R2 = .45, P = .0002; tCho: R2 = .37, P = .001; mI: R2 = .44, P = .0003). There were no relationships between age and signal to noise ratio, linewidth, or scan date, indicating the correlations were not confounded by spectral quality. Furthermore, we did not observe a trend with age in the voxel tissue compartmentations.CONCLUSIONSWe observed increases in hippocampal/parahippocampal metabolite concentrations with age, a finding that is in contrast to previous literature. Our findings illustrate the importance of using a sufficiently long TR in MRS to avoid T1‐relaxation effects influencing the measurement of absolute metabolite concentrations.
Effects of bicuspid extractions and incisor retraction on upper airway of Asian adults and late adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Ng Jing Hao , Song Yi Lin , Yap Adrian U. J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to assess the effects of bicuspid extractions and incisor retraction on airway dimension, hyoid position and breathing of adults and late adolescents.MethodsThe review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Eight databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus were searched to August 2018. Minimum age of participants was 16 years. The intervention was dual‐arch bicuspid extractions with incisor retraction. Outcomes were airway dimension, hyoid position and breathing assessment.ResultsAll nine publications meeting inclusion criteria were from Asia. They were divided into three Asian subregions. All East Asian lateral cephalometric studies reported anteroposterior airway narrowing at the oropharynx and sometimes the hypopharynx. However, the narrowing was small, comparable to measurement errors, and highly variable. Two out of three East Asian computed tomography (CT) studies described reductions in airway dimensions. The single functional breathing study showed increased simulated flow resistance after incisor retraction in East Asians. South Asian studies had mixed findings, with some reporting significant airway narrowing. The single study from West Asia found no significant airway or hyoid changes.ConclusionsAirway response to bicuspid extractions and incisor retraction varied substantially when assessed with cephalometry. CT measurements present larger effect sizes and smaller variations, providing stronger evidence of airway narrowing. Orthodontic extractions for incisor retraction may be more frequently indicated in Asia, and East Asians seem particularly susceptible to airway narrowing and postero‐inferior hyoid movement with incisor retraction. Better designed CT studies are needed for confirmation due to small effect size and large variability.
Narrow Framing and Long‐Term Care Insurance
Authors: Gottlieb Daniel , Mitchell Olivia S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe propose a model of narrow framing in insurance and test it using data from a new module we designed and fielded in the Health and Retirement Study. We show that respondents subject to narrow framing are substantially less likely to buy long‐term care insurance than average. This effect is much larger than the effects of risk aversion or adverse selection, and it offers a new explanation for why people underinsure their later‐life care needs.
Capturing key sensory moments during biscuit consumption: Using TDS to evaluate several concurrent sensory modalities
Authors: Le Calvé Bénédicte , Saint‐Léger Christine , Gaudreau Nadine , Cayeux Isabelle 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn an industrial context focusing on fat reduction in biscuits, the temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) evaluation method was applied to six biscuits differing in fat level (full, 30% fat reduced, or 50% fat reduced) and fat quality (butter or margarine). A list of 10 attributes for texture, taste, and olfactive modalities was produced based on a previously undertaken sensory profile (data not shown). TDS curves, pairwise comparison curves, and sensory trajectories were valuable tools for identifying the main dominance differences according to fat levels. The 50% fat‐reduced products were clearly discriminated from full‐fat products. Inclusion of the three sensory modalities within the attribute list was anticipated as a complex task. Nevertheless, specific sensory phases were identified and key flavor dominances defined. Dynamic sensory profiling opens the door to the creation of tailor‐made flavor compositions that compensate for part of the identified olfactive and taste losses.Practical ApplicationsThis work highlights the added value of considering several sensory modalities: taste, olfaction, and texture, at the same time, into TDS study. The definition of specific sensory phases over the food consumption will guide products developers to create specific flavors or combinations of flavors and taste compounds to cover the sensory gap observed in fat, sugar, or salt reduction context.