bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust beam orientation optimization for intensity‐modulated proton therapy
Authors: Gu Wenbo , Neph Ryan , Ruan Dan , Zou Wei , Dong Lei , Sheng Ke 
Published: June 2019

PurposeDose conformality and robustness are equally important in intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT). Despite the obvious implication of beam orientation on both dosimetry and robustness, an automated, robust beam orientation optimization algorithm has not been incorporated due to the problem complexity and paramount computational challenge. In this study, we developed a novel IMPT framework that integrates robust beam orientation optimization (BOO) and robust fluence map optimization (FMO) in a unified framework.MethodsThe unified framework is formulated to include a dose fidelity term, a heterogeneity‐weighted group sparsity term, and a sensitivity regularization term. The L2, 1/2‐norm group sparsity is used to reduce the number of active beams from the initial 1162 evenly distributed noncoplanar candidate beams, to between two and four. A heterogeneity index, which evaluates the lateral tissue heterogeneity of a beam, is used to weigh the group sparsity term. With this index, beams more resilient to setup uncertainties are encouraged. There is a symbiotic relationship between the heterogeneity index and the sensitivity regularization; the integrated optimization framework further improves beam robustness against both range and setup uncertainties. This Sensitivity regularization and Heterogeneity weighting based BOO and FMO framework (SHBOO‐FMO) was tested on two skull‐base tumor (SBT) patients and two bilateral head‐and‐neck (H&N) patients. The conventional CTV‐based optimized plans (Conv) with SHBOO‐FMO beams (SHBOO‐Conv) and manual beams (MAN‐Conv) were compared to investigate the beam robustness of the proposed method. The dosimetry and robustness of SHBOO‐FMO plan were compared against the manual beam plan with CTV‐based voxel‐wise worst‐case scenario approach (MAN‐WC).ResultsWith SHBOO‐FMO method, the beams with superior range robustness over manual beams were selected while the setup robustness was maintained or improved. On average, the lowest [D95%, V95%, V100%] of CTV were increased from [93.85%, 91.06%, 70.64%] in MAN‐Conv plans, to [98.62%, 98.61%, 96.17%] in SHBOO‐Conv plans with range uncertainties. With setup uncertainties, the average lowest [D98%, D95%, V95%, V100%] of CTV were increased from [92.06%, 94.83%, 94.31%, 78.93%] in MAN‐Conv plans, to [93.54%, 96.61%, 97.01%, 91.98%] in SHBOO‐Conv plans. Compared with the MAN‐WC plans, the final SHBOO‐FMO plans achieved comparable plan robustness and better OAR sparing, with an average reduction of [Dmean, Dmax] of [6.31, 6.55] GyRBE for the SBT cases and [1.89, 5.08] GyRBE for the H&N cases from the MAN‐WC plans.ConclusionWe developed a novel method to integrate robust BOO and robust FMO into IMPT optimization for a unified solution of both BOO and FMO, generating plans with superior dosimetry and good robustness.
Dose‐averaged LET calculation for proton track segments using microdosimetric Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Bertolet A. , Baratto‐Roldán A. , Barbieri S. , Baiocco G. , Carabe A. , Cortés‐Giraldo M.A. 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThere is an increasing interest in calculating linear energy transfer (LET) distributions for proton therapy treatments in order to assess the influence of this quantity in biological terms. Microdosimetric Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are useful tools to calculate dose‐averaged LET, as this has been broadly proposed as the most adequate quantity to characterize these biological effects. However, a straightforward uniform sampling of the scoring site turns out to be computationally unaffordable. In contrast, some issues have been pointed out with the more efficient weighted sampling approach, frequently used in literature. Here, we address the issues associated with the latter method and propose adequate corrections to achieve reliable calculations of dose‐averaged LET values from microdosimetry.Methods and materialsProton track structures have been simulated with Geant4‐DNA considering two different approaches. One version employs a uniform sampling for placing the spherical site and is used as the reference. The other one uses a weighted sampling by considering the spatial distribution of transfer points. Some corrections are proposed for calculating a dose‐averaged LET comparable to the reference case. An additional MC approach is proposed to obtain the weighted mean of the energy imparted per electronic collision of the proton within the site, thefunction, related to the straggling distribution, as an intermediate step in the LET calculation.ResultsEnergy imparted per event distributions are different when employing either sampling methods, due to the different geometrical randomness. We have found an agreement below (0.15 ± 0.05) keV/μm in the worst case for uniform and weighted methods in dose‐averaged LET values when the weighted sampling results are corrected according to our proposal. Our analysis is restricted to spherical sites of 1 and 10 μm diameter and monoenergetic beams in the range from 2 to 90 MeV.ConclusionsThis work shows a reliable and computational‐efficient method to perform calculations of track segment dose‐averaged LET using MC simulations for proton therapy beams, including the necessary considerations for obtaining the straggling distribution characteristics. The validity of this approach remains as long as the stopping power of the proton can be considered as constant along its track within the site.
Simple sequence repeat analysis of new potato varieties developed in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Tillault Anne‐Sophie , Yevtushenko Dmytro P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe worldwide demand for potato production requires the constant development of new potato varieties with improved yield, quality, disease resistance, and abiotic tolerance. However, cultivar registration is preceded by a long process to morphologically and physiologically characterize the plants. Notably, this process can be expedited by DNA marker analysis. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), also known as microsatellites, are the most common reliable DNA markers used to discriminate between genotypes. In this study, 20 potato varieties, including five new genotypes developed in Alberta, Canada, were fingerprinted using 10 SSR markers selected for their high discriminatory power. Different SSRs were amplified from potato DNA using specific primers, and the DNA fragment sizes were analyzed by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two for the SSR marker STPoAc58 to six for STM0030 and STM0037 with an average of 4.4. In addition, a total of 77 unique patterns were observed for the 10 SSR markers. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.477 to 0.802 with an average of 0.675 per locus. In this study, STM0037, STM1016, and STM1104 were found to be the best SSR markers to detect genetic differences between potato varieties. A minimum of two markers was required to distinguish between all 20 genotypes. Most importantly, this highly informative molecular tool confirmed that the developed potato varieties were genetically different from their respective maternal lines and potentially constituted new cultivars.
Anger rumination mediates differences between fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls on mental health and quality of life
Authors: Toussaint Loren , Sirois Fuschia , Hirsch Jameson , Kohls Niko , Weber Annemarie , Schelling Joerg , Vajda Christian , Offenbäecher Martin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe present study examined differences between fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls on anger rumination, mental health and quality of life and tested anger rumination as a mediator of patient–control differences in mental health and quality of life. Participants were a propensity score‐matched sample of 58 fibromyalgia patients and 58 healthy controls. Participants completed measures of anger rumination, depression and anxiety and quality of life. Patients were higher than controls on all anger rumination scales and depression and anxiety and lower on quality of life. All anger rumination scales were related to poorer mental health and quality of life. Patient–control differences on mental health and quality of life were mediated by anger rumination. In multiple mediator models, the only subscale with unique mediating effects was anger memories. Anger rumination has potent associations with mental health and quality of life, and differences between patients and controls on mental health and quality of life are partially mediated by differences in anger rumination. Addressing tendencies to ruminate on anger experiences in the care of fibromyalgia patients may offer an important avenue to improved health and quality of life. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metacognitively oriented psychotherapy for schizotypal personality disorder: A two‐case series
Authors: Cheli Simone , Lysaker Paul H. , Dimaggio Giancarlo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSchizotypal personality disorder represents a broad range of maladaptive behaviour, which has been linked to both personality disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders; however, to date, little effort has been devoted to developing psychosocial treatment approaches to address it. In response, we conducted two case studies exploring the effects of two metacognitively oriented forms of psychotherapy: metacognitive interpersonal therapy and metacognitive reflection and insight therapy for patients with schizotypal personality disorder. We chose these two forms of therapy as they have been successfully delivered, respectively, to persons with other personality disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Both treatments consisted of weekly individual psychotherapy sessions over a period of 6 months. General symptoms were assessed during the first week of treatment, at treatment end and at 1 month following treatment using the Symptom Check List‐90—Revised, while schizotypal traits were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐5. Both patients completed all sessions, and there were no reports of any adverse outcomes. Both patients achieved reliable change in symptoms (ranging from 4.98 to 9.81) and a significant reduction in schizotypal features. Results provide preliminary evidence of the feasibility of metacognitively oriented interventions for schizotypal personality disorder. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of miR‐145‐5p‐Centered Competing Endogenous RNA Network in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Gao Wei , Zhang Yuliang , Niu Min , Bo Yunfeng , Li Huizheng , Xue Xuting , Lu Yan , Zheng Xiwang , Tang Yemei , Cui Jiajia , He Long , Thorne Rick F. , Wang Binquan , Wu Yongyan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study intends to investigate the transcriptional regulatory role of miR‐145‐5p in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). LSCC cell line TU‐177 is transfected with miR‐145‐5p mimics, generating miR‐145‐5p‐overexpression LSCC cells. Whole transcriptome microarrays are used to investigate the differentially expressed lncRNAs, circRNAs, mRNAs, and miRNAs. The target genes of miRNAs are predicted and performed functional annotation. Additionally, the circRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs that interact with miRNAs are predicted, and then the competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) are predicted. Microarray analysis identifies 26 miRNAs, 248 mRNAs, 1118 lncRNAs, and 382 circRNAs differentially expressed in miR‐145‐5p overexpressed LSCC cells. Overall, 675 target genes are identified for the differentially expressed miRNAs, which involved in cell adhesion associated gene ontology (GO) terms, and MAPK and FoxO signaling pathways. The up‐regulated mRNAs involved in the pathway of ABC transporters, while the down‐regulated mRNAs involved in pathway of olfactory transduction. Moreover, 149 ceRNAs are predicted, which are associated with apoptosis, Wnt pathway, and metabolic pathway. Furthermore, qPCR results confirm that miR‐145‐5p affects expression of lncRNAs, miRNAs, mRNAs, and circRNAs in LSCC cells. Collectively, miR‑145‑5p may be inhibits LSCC progression via ceRNA‐mediated pathways, such as WNT2B‐miR‐145‐5p‐NONHSAT127539.2, CASP10‐miR‐145‐5p‐NONHSAT127539.2, CASP10‐miR‐145‐5p‐circ_0003519, and TPO‐miR‐145‐5p‐circ_0003519.
Larval Zebrafish Proteome Regulation in Response to an Environmental Challenge
Authors: Langebeck‐Jensen Kasper , Shahar Or D. , Schuman Erin M. , Langer Julian D. , Ryu Soojin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAdaptation to the environment during development influences the life‐long survival of an animal. While brain‐wide proteomic changes are expected to underlie such experience‐driven physiological and behavioral flexibility, a comprehensive overview of the nature and extent of the proteomic regulation following an environmental challenge during development is currently lacking. In this study, the brain proteome of larval zebrafish is identified and it is determined how it is altered by an exposure to a natural and physical environmental challenge, namely prolonged exposure to strong water currents. A comprehensive larval zebrafish brain proteome is presented here. Furthermore, 57 proteins that are regulated by the exposure to an environmental challenge are identified, which cover multiple functions including neuronal plasticity, the stress response, axonal growth and guidance, spatial learning, and energy metabolism. These represent candidate proteins that may play crucial roles for the adaption to an environmental challenge during development.
Building a Collaborative Model of Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction and Pelvic Girdle Pain to Understand the Diverse Perspectives of Experts
Authors: Hodges Paul W. , Cholewicki Jacek , Popovich John M. , Lee Angela S. , Aminpour Payam , Gray Steven A. , Cibulka Michael T. , Cusi Mel , Degenhardt Brian F. , Fryer Gary , Gutke Annelie , Kennedy David J. , Laslett Mark , Lee Diane , Mens Jan , Patel Vikas V. , Prather Heidi , Sturesson Bengt , Stuge Brit , Vleeming Andry 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundPelvic girdle pain (PGP) and sacroiliac joint (SIJ) dysfunction/pain are considered frequent contributors to low back pain (LBP). Like other persistent pain conditions, PGP is increasingly recognized as a multifactorial problem involving biological, psychological, and social factors. Perspectives differ between experts and a diversity of treatments (with variable degrees of evidence) have been utilized.ObjectiveTo develop a collaborative model of PGP that represents the collective view of a group of experts. Specific goals were to analyze structure and composition of conceptual models contributed by participants, to aggregate them into a metamodel, to analyze the metamodel's composition, and to consider predicted efficacy of treatments.DesignTo develop a collaborative model of PGP, models were generated by invited individuals to represent their understanding of PGP using fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM). FCMs involved proposal of components related to causes, outcomes, and treatments for pain, disability, and quality of life, and their connections. Components were classified into thematic categories. Weighting of connections was summed for components to judge their relative importance. FCMs were aggregated into a metamodel for analysis of the collective opinion it represented and to evaluate expected efficacy of treatments.ResultsFrom 21 potential contributors, 14 (67%) agreed to participate (representing six disciplines and seven countries). Participants' models included a mean (SD) of 22 (5) components each. FCMs were refined to combine similar terms, leaving 89 components in 10 categories. Biomechanical factors were the most important in individual FCMs. The collective opinion from the metamodel predicted greatest efficacy for injection, exercise therapy, and surgery for pain relief.ConclusionsThe collaborative model of PGP showed a bias toward biomechanical factors. Most efficacious treatments predicted by the model have modest to no evidence from clinical trials, suggesting a mismatch between opinion and evidence. The model enables integration and communication of the collection of opinions on PGP.
Synthesis and In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Novel Naphthyridinone Derivatives
Authors: Sun Bin , Chen Jianwei , Ye Fei , Lu Yaojia , Xu Guiqing , Mao Longfei , Gao Yuan , Zhang Huawei , Wang Hong , Peng Lizeng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNaphthyridinone has been reported exhibiting strong antibacterial activity. Now, this study describes a series of novel hydrochloride salts of 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐1,6‐naphthyridin‐2‐(1H)‐one derivatives (10 a–10 l) as potential antibacterial agents and corresponding synthetic routes. The majority of analogues exhibit antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative bacteria (E. coli) and Gram‐positive bacteria (S. aureus). Several of them (10 a, 10 b, 10 h and 10 i) showed strongly antibacterial activity towards E. coli. Compound 10 l is also the first reported compound to exhibit quorum sensing inhibitory activity against C. violaceum ATCC 12472. The presence of quorum sensing inhibitory compound indicates its potential use in the treatment of bacterial infections.
2D NMR Studies of Bromotyrosine Alkaloid, Purpurealidin K from Marine Sponge Psammaplysilla purpurea
Authors: Tilvi Supriya , Majik Mahesh S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMarine sponges of the order Verongida and related organisms are the richest source of bioactive bromotyrosine alkaloids. Purpurealidin K (1) along with purealidin Q (2), aerophobin 2 (3) and aplysamine 2 (4) were isolated from methanol extract of marine sponge Psammaplysilla purpurea collected from Madapam, Tamil Nadu, India. The structure of natural product, purpurealidin K (1) was assigned by extensive 1H, 13C, DEPT, TOCSY, HSQC & HMBC NMR experiments and electrospray ionization‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight (ESI‐QTOF MS/MS) mass spectrometric measurements. For the first time, the complete set of spectroscopic data of compound (1) has been obtained. Moreover, compounds (2‐4) were identified by using various spectroscopic data and their comparison with literature reports. These bromotyrosine derived metabolites were evaluated against multiple drug resistance bacterial cells and against clinical pathogens, wherein purpurealidin K (1) displayed moderate activities against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Experimental Study of the Thermal Properties of Microencapsulated Palmitic Acid Composites with CuCO3 Shell as Thermal Energy Storage Materials
Authors: Pourmohamadian Hossein , Rahimi‐Nasrabadi Mehdi , Sobhani‐Nasab Ali , Sheikhzadeh Ghanbar Ali , Tabrizi Hassan Basirat 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA novel microencapsulated phase change material (PCM) with a Palmitic acid (PA) core and Copper (II) carbonate (CuCO3) shell was successfully fabricated through a self‐assembly method. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to determine the chemical compositions, crystalloid phase, microstructure and morphology of PA@CuCO3 microcapsules, respectively. The thermal properties and thermal stability of microcapsules were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The XRD and FT‐IR results indicated the presence of all of the characteristic peaks of PA and CuCO3 and proved that no chemical reaction had occurred between them. The SEM images showed a regular spherical morphology with rough surfaces for the PA@CuCO3 microcapsule with average diameters ranged from 1.5 to 2 μm, and the TEM image confirmed the PA core to have been well encapsulated by CuCO3. In the DSC analysis results, the microcapsules indicated similar phase change behaviors as those of pristine PA, and the typical samples were melted at 66.9 °C with a latent heat of 48.85 J/g and frozen at 55.7 °C with a latent heat of 43.29 J/g for a microencapsulation ratio of 43.92%. TGA analyses indicated that the thermal stability of the PA was further improved due to the protection of the PA core encapsulated by the CuCO3 shell.
Size‐controlled Cobalt Ferrite Nanocrystals: Magnetically separable Reusable Nanocatalysts for Selective Oxidation of Styrene
Authors: Jeyavani Vijayakrishnan , Pawar Sayali , Dadwal Arun , Joy Pattayil Alias , Mukherjee Shatabdi Porel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSuperparamagnetic cobalt ferrite (CFO) nanocrystals (NCs) with sizes ∼6 nm and ∼4 nm were synthesized using a facile solvothermal method using fatty acids, lauric acid and stearic acid, as the capping agents. The synthesized nanocrystals were well characterized by XRD, FT‐IR, XPS, SEM and TEM. The formation mechanism was explored and it was shown that the fatty acid was actually chemisorbed as a carboxylate onto the surface of CFO NCs. The experimental results specify that the size and size distribution of the CFO NCs were highly dependent on the length of fatty acid hydrophobic chain. Corresponding changes of the magnetic properties were investigated by measuring magnetization as a function of field and temperature, which suggest that the CFO NCs were superparamagnetic in nature. The catalytic properties for the oxidation of styrene in organic medium were examined by using the synthesized CFO NCs with sizes ∼6 nm and ∼4 nm. The synthesized CFO NCs, well dispersible in organic media, were demonstrated to be highly catalytically active, reached 100% conversion of styrene in 12 h with ∼77% and ∼82% selectivity for styrene oxide respectively. The magnetic CFO nanocatalysts were easily separated and recovered from the reaction medium by an external magnet, and reused for several cycles without losing catalytic selectivity for styrene oxide.
Efficient Access to 3, 4‐Diarylpyrroles through Selective Bromination and Subsequent Suzuki‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Liu Jianhui , Yu Yaqiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn efficient and practical synthesis of 3, 4‐disubstituted pyrrole was developed through bromination and the subsequent Suzuki‐coupling reaction. The bromination of pyrrole‐1‐dimethylsulfonamide occurred selectively on the two β‐positions to afford 3, 4‐dibromo‐N, N‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrrole‐1‐sulfonamide, from which symmetrical and unsymmetrical 3, 4‐diarylpyrroles were prepared through a stepwise Suzuki‐coupling reaction. This reaction is complementary to the existing methods and is well‐tolerable by a variety of functional groups. The bromination can readily be scaled‐up to gram‐scale synthesis without decreasing the yield. In addition, the other halogenations of pyrrole were also studied, and different chloroproducts were isolated.
Optimization of Synthesis Parameters for the Production of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramics via Wet Precipitation and Sol‐Gel Process
Authors: Tilkin Rémi G. , Mahy Julien G. , Régibeau Nicolas , Grandfils Christian , Lambert Stéphanie D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDuring the past few years, bioceramics, like hydroxyapatite and β‐tricalcium phosphate have been widely developed for bone reconstruction. These materials have to meet strict criteria regarding biocompatibility, degradability, and mechanical properties. This work has been focusing on the influence of synthesis parameters on the production of calcium phosphate mixes, called biphasic calcium phosphate. In this optic, powders obtained from two synthesis processes (i. e. wet precipitation and sol‐gel process) were produced. The influence of pH, Ca/P molar mixing ratio, and calcination temperature was studied. These new materials were characterized in terms of composition, thermal properties, and textural properties via X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and nitrogen adsorption‐desorption. Wet precipitation technique produces in situ mixes with different hydroxyapatite contents while the sol‐gel process ends up with ceramics contaminated by cytotoxic CaO. Wet precipitation has been demonstrated more successful to control in situ mixes with specific composition.