bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mid-term outcome of severe tricuspid regurgitation: are there any differences according to mechanism and severity?
Authors: Santoro Ciro , Marco del Castillo Alvaro , González-Gómez Ariana , Monteagudo Juan Manuel , Hinojar Rocio , Lorente Alvaro , Abellás María , Vieitez Jose Maria , Garcia Martìn Ana , Casas Rojo Eduardo , Ruíz Soledad , Barrios Vivencio , Luis Moya Jose , Jimenez-Nacher Jose Julio , Zamorano Gomez Jose Luis , Fernández-Golfín Covadonga 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Aims
Patients with significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) addressed according the new classification in torrential TR may have different prognosis compared with just severe TR patients. We sought to determine distribution and mechanism of consecutive severe TR patients, in accordance with aetiology and severity by applying the new proposed classification scheme and their long-term outcomes.

Methods and results
Between January and December 2013, 249 patients with significant TR referred to the cardiac imaging unit (mean age 79.9 ± 10.2 years; 29.8% female) were included. Patients were divided according to aetiology in six groups, and TR severity was reclassified into severe, massive, and torrential TR. The follow-up period was of 313 ± 103 days. When considering cardiovascular mortality, patients in the massive/torrential group showed the highest number of events (P < 0.007). Patients with TR due to pulmonary diseases had the worst prognosis according to different aetiology. Noteworthy, the best predictors for the combined endpoint [cardiovascular mortality and readmission admission for heart failure (HF)] were TR severity according to the new classification [hazard ratio (HR) 2.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–4.93] and clinical scores such as New York Heart Association classification and congestive status (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.28–2.49; HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.06–4.06, respectively).

Conclusion
Patients with massive/torrential TR and patients with comorbidities, especially pulmonary disease, were identified as populations at higher risk of death and readmission for HF. New classification scheme and clinical assessment may establish who may benefit the most of intensive therapeutic treatments and intervention on the tricuspid valve.
Comparison of Mobility Indices for Predicting Early Death in Older Patients With Cancer: The Physical Frailty in Elderly Cancer Cohort Study
Authors: Pamoukdjian Frederic , Aparicio Thomas , Zebachi Sonia , Zelek Laurent , Paillaud Elena , Canoui-Poitrine Florence 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
To assess and compare the ability of five mobility indices to predict 6-month mortality in older patients with cancer.

Methods
All consecutive ambulatory older patients with cancer referred for a geriatric assessment before a cancer treatment decision were included in a prospective two-center cohort study (Physical Frailty in Elderly Cancer) between 2013 and 2017. The mobility indices compared were the short physical performance battery, gait speed, hand grip strength, the one-leg stance balance test, and repeated falls. The primary endpoint was 6-month overall mortality. The adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) for each mobility index was estimated using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for sex, the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics, the body mass index, cancer site/extension, and the provision of supportive care alone. The models’ predictive performances were assessed in terms of Harrell’s C index, net reclassification improvement, and the standardized net benefit.

Results
A total of 603 patients included (mean age: 81.2 ± 6.1 years; women: 54%; metastatic cancer: 45%). In multivariate analyses, an impairment in any of the mobility indices (with the exception of repeated falls) was independently associated with 6-month mortality following a geriatric assessment; the adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI] ranged from 2.35 [1.34–4.13] for the one-leg stance balance (C index: 0.74) to 3.03 [1.93–4.76] for the short physical performance battery (C index: 0.77). For each mobility index, inclusion in the multivariate model improved significantly the latter’s prediction of 6-month mortality.

Conclusions
Among mobility tests, short physical performance battery had the best discriminative value for predicting 6-month mortality in older patients with cancer.
Integrating genomic resources to present full gene and putative promoter capture probe sets for bread wheat
Authors: Gardiner Laura-Jayne , Brabbs Thomas , Akhunov Alina , Jordan Katherine , Budak Hikmet , Richmond Todd , Singh Sukhwinder , Catchpole Leah , Akhunov Eduard , Hall Anthony 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Whole-genome shotgun resequencing of wheat is expensive because of its large, repetitive genome. Moreover, sequence data can fail to map uniquely to the reference genome, making it difficult to unambiguously assign variation. Resequencing using target capture enables sequencing of large numbers of individuals at high coverage to reliably identify variants associated with important agronomic traits. Previous studies have implemented complementary DNA/exon or gene-based probe sets in which the promoter and intron sequence is largely missing alongside newly characterized genes from the recent improved reference sequences.

Results
We present and validate 2 gold standard capture probe sets for hexaploid bread wheat, a gene and a putative promoter capture, which are designed using recently developed genome sequence and annotation resources. The captures can be combined or used independently. We demonstrate that the capture probe sets effectively enrich the high-confidence genes and putative promoter regions that were identified in the genome alongside a large proportion of the low-confidence genes and associated promoters. Finally, we demonstrate successful sample multiplexing that allows generation of adequate sequence coverage for single-nucleotide polymorphism calling while significantly reducing cost per sample for gene and putative promoter capture.

Conclusions
We show that a capture design employing an “island strategy” can enable analysis of the large gene/putative promoter space of wheat with only 2 × 160 Mbp probe sets. Furthermore, these assays extend the regions of the wheat genome that are amenable to analyses beyond its exome, providing tools for detailed characterization of these regulatory regions in large populations.
All that glitters is not gold: the returns of educational credentials at different stages of industrial and organizational evolution
Authors: Khessina Olga M , Jaffee Jonathan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA long stream of research has shown that the educational prestige of organizational members has a largely positive effect on organizational outcomes. We integrate the literatures on educational credentials, signaling theory, and industrial evolution to show that the benefits of educational prestige for firm survival may vary over different stages of industry development. When customers cannot evaluate the quality of a firm’s offerings directly, educational prestige signals that the firm can produce high-quality outputs. We predict that the signaling benefits of educational prestige will be highest during industry inception when evaluation uncertainty is highest. These benefits will diminish during the subsequent period of legitimation with decreasing evaluation uncertainty, but may increase again during the late-stage competition with increasing evaluation uncertainty. We extend this logic to new firms and firms with a new class of offerings. We find empirical support for our predictions from historical accounts and event-history analyses of all law firms in the Silicon Valley corporate legal market, 1928–1998.
The Effects of Epistasis and Pleiotropy on Genome-Wide Scans for Adaptive Outlier Loci
Authors: Jones Adam G , Arnold Stevan J , Bürger Reinhard 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWith the advent of next-generation sequencing approaches, the search for individual loci underlying local adaptation has become a major enterprise in evolutionary biology. One promising method to identify such loci is to examine genome-wide patterns of differentiation, using an FST-outlier approach. The effects of pleiotropy and epistasis on this approach are not yet known. Here, we model 2 populations of a sexually reproducing, diploid organism with 2 quantitative traits, one of which is involved in local adaptation. We consider genetic architectures with and without pleiotropy and epistasis. We also model neutral marker loci on an explicit genetic map as the 2 populations diverge and apply FST outlier approaches to determine the extent to which quantitative trait loci (QTL) are detectable. Our results show, under a wide range of conditions, that only a small number of QTL are typically responsible for most of the trait divergence between populations, even when inheritance is highly polygenic. We find that the loci making the largest contributions to trait divergence tend to be detectable outliers. These loci also make the largest contributions to within-population genetic variance. The addition of pleiotropy reduces the extent to which quantitative traits can evolve independently but does not reduce the efficacy of outlier scans. The addition of epistasis, however, reduces the mean FST values for causative QTL, making these loci more difficult, but not impossible, to detect in outlier scans.
The Mistaken Restriction of Strict Liability to Uncommon Activities
Authors: Shavell Steven 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCourts generally insist that two criteria be met before imposing strict liability rather than basing liability on the negligence rule. The first—that the injurer’s activity must be dangerous—is sensible because strict liability possesses general advantages over the negligence rule in controlling risk. But the second—that the activity must be uncommon—is ill-advised because it exempts all common activities from strict liability no matter how dangerous they are. Thus, the harm generated by the large swath of common dangerous activities—from hunting, to construction, to the transmission of natural gas—is inadequately regulated by tort law. After developing this theme and criticizing ostensible justifications for the uncommon activity requirement, the article addresses the question of how it arose. The answer is that its legal pedigree is problematic: it appears to have been invented by the authors of the first Restatement of Torts. The conclusion is that the uncommon activity requirement for the imposition of strict liability should be eliminated.
The Association Between Hysterectomy and Ovarian Cancer Risk: A Population-Based Record-Linkage Study
Authors: Dixon-Suen Suzanne C , Webb Penelope M , Wilson Louise F , Tuesley Karen , Stewart Louise M , Jordan Susan J 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Recent studies have called into question the long-held belief that hysterectomy without oophorectomy protects against ovarian cancer. This population-based longitudinal record-linkage study aimed to explore this relationship, overall and by age at hysterectomy, time period, surgery type, and indication for hysterectomy.

Methods
We followed the female adult Western Australian population (837 942 women) across a 27-year period using linked electoral, hospital, births, deaths, and cancer records. Surgery dates were determined from hospital records, and ovarian cancer diagnoses (n = 1640) were ascertained from cancer registry records. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between hysterectomy and ovarian cancer incidence.

Results
Hysterectomy without oophorectomy (n = 78 594) was not associated with risk of invasive ovarian cancer overall (HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.85 to 1.11) or with the most common serous subtype (HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.89 to 1.23). Estimates did not vary statistically significantly by age at procedure, time period, or surgical approach. However, among women with endometriosis (5.8%) or with fibroids (5.7%), hysterectomy was associated with substantially decreased ovarian cancer risk overall (HR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.24, and HR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.20 to 0.36, respectively) and across all subtypes.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that for most women, having a hysterectomy with ovarian conservation is not likely to substantially alter their risk of developing ovarian cancer. However, our results, if confirmed, suggest that ovarian cancer risk reduction could be considered as a possible benefit of hysterectomy when making decisions about surgical management of endometriosis or fibroids.
Clinical outcomes in ocular pythiosis patients treated with a combination therapy protocol in Thailand: A prospective study
Authors: Permpalung Nitipong , Worasilchai Navaporn , Manothummetha Kasama , Torvorapanit Pattama , Ratanawongphaibul Kitiya , Chuleerarux Nipat , Plongla Rongpong , Chindamporn Ariya 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOcular pythiosis is the second most common form of human pythiosis, and the rates of evisceration/enucleation in Thailand are 55–79%. This prospective study was conducted to evaluate treatment outcomes of the combination therapy protocol and the potential use of serum (1→3)-β-glucan (BG) and Pythium insidiosum-specific antibody (Pi-Ab) as an aid to diagnosis and monitoring of ocular pythiosis. Thirty patients were enrolled in the study and 14 (non-globe salvage) required evisceration/enucleation. The globe salvage group was significantly younger, and first ocular surgeries were performed significantly sooner than in the non-globe salvage group. Serum BG and Pi-Ab levels were similar among the 2 groups over time. In vitro susceptibility testing of antifungal agents revealed relatively high minimum inhibitory concentrations and lack of synergistic effect. Serum BG and Pi-Ab would not be useful in diagnosis and monitoring of ocular pythiosis. Until effective antimicrobial agents are discovered, ocular surgeries are still the mainstay therapy in Thailand.
The mass of the Milky Way from satellite dynamics
Authors: Callingham Thomas M , Cautun Marius , Deason Alis J , Frenk Carlos S , Wang Wenting , Gómez Facundo A , Grand Robert J J , Marinacci Federico , Pakmor Ruediger 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We present and apply a method to infer the mass of the Milky Way (MW) by comparing the dynamics of MW satellites to those of model satellites in the eagle cosmological hydrodynamics simulations. A distribution function (DF) for galactic satellites is constructed from eagle using specific angular momentum and specific energy, which are scaled so as to be independent of host halo mass. In this two-dimensional space, the orbital properties of satellite galaxies vary according to the host halo mass. The halo mass can be inferred by calculating the likelihood that the observed satellite population is drawn from this DF. Our method is robustly calibrated on mock eagle systems. We validate it by applying it to the completely independent suite of 30 auriga high-resolution simulations of MW-like galaxies: the method accurately recovers their true mass and associated uncertainties. We then apply it to 10 classical satellites of the MW with six-dimensional phase-space measurements, including updated proper motions from the Gaia satellite. The mass of the MW is estimated to be $M_{200}^{\rm {MW}}=1.17_{-0.15}^{+0.21}\times 10^{12}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ (68 per cent confidence limits). We combine our total mass estimate with recent mass estimates in the inner regions of the Galaxy to infer an inner dark matter (DM) mass fraction $M^\rm {DM}(\lt 20~\rm {kpc})/M^\rm {DM}_{200}=0.12$, which is typical of ${\sim }10^{12}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ lambda cold dark matter haloes in hydrodynamical galaxy formation simulations. Assuming a Navarro, Frenk and White (NFW) profile, this is equivalent to a halo concentration of $c_{200}^{\rm {MW}}=10.9^{+2.6}_{-2.0}$.
Pre-existing malignancies in renal transplant candidates—time to reconsider waiting times
Authors: Watschinger Bruno , Budde Klemens , Crespo Marta , Heemann Uwe , Hilbrands Luuk , Maggiore Umberto , Mariat Christophe , Oberbauer Rainer , Oniscu Gabriel C , Peruzzi Licia , Sorensen Søren S , Viklicky Ondrej , Abramowicz Daniel ,   ERA-EDTA DESCARTES Working Group
Published: February 2019

AbstractCurrent proposals for waiting times for a renal transplant after malignant disease may not be appropriate. New data on malignancies in end-stage renal disease and recent diagnostic and therapeutic options should lead us to reconsider our current practice.
Is It Cool to Be a Cop? Exploring the Differential Impact of Ferguson on Police Applicants
Authors: Rhodes Trisha N , Tyler David H 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecruitment of highly qualified applicants has been a defining characteristic of police reforms for decades. Research has explored why individuals become officers, yet it remains an empirical question whether the current US ‘legitimacy crisis’ has influenced citizen decisions to apply to policing. Many cities are reporting hiring and retention issues, yet it is unclear whether this is due to changes in citizen perceptions of police or something else entirely. As an initial test of this question, this paper explores changes in the number of applicants to one large urban police agency, the Dallas Police Department, in the months following the death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, using autoregressive integrated moving average time-series analysis. The paper determines if there was a differential impact in police applications across racial, ethnic, and gender groups. Findings showed stability in the number of applicants each month from each sub-group since 2010. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Knee Disarticulations Versus Transfemoral Amputations: Functional Outcomes
Authors: Polfer Elizabeth M. , Hoyt Benjamin W. , Bevevino Adam J. , Forsberg Jonathan A. , Potter Benjamin K. 
Published: February 2019

Objectives:
To determine whether there is a patient-reported functional difference between combat-related knee disarticulations (KDs) and transfemoral amputations (TFAs).

Setting:
Role 3 Military Trauma Centers.

Patients:
We identified and contacted all KDs and TFAs performed at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, and National Naval Medical Center from January 2003 until July 2012 to participate in a retrospective functional cohort analysis. Ten KD patients were available for study completion and were matched against 18 patients in the TFA group.

Intervention:
Knee disarticulation versus transfemoral amputation.

Main Outcome Measurements:
The following surveys were obtained from the participants—AAOS Lower Limb Outcome Questionnaire (LLQ), Tegner Activity Scale, SF-36, and Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaires (PEQs).

Results:
Ten KD patients agreed to participate in the study, and 18 TFA matched controls were interviewed. Patients were followed up at an average of 66 months (interquartile range 50–79 months) after injury. There were no significant differences with regard to the SF-36, PEQ, LLQ, and Tegner Activity Scale scores.

Conclusions:
We detected no functional differences measured on the PEQ, LLQ, SF-36, and Tegner Activity Scale scores between KDs and TFAs. In the absence of a proven functional difference, we advocate performing trauma-related amputations at the most distal level the osseous and soft tissue injuries permit.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Standardized Hospital-Based Care Programs Improve Geriatric Hip Fracture Outcomes: An Analysis of the ACS NSQIP Targeted Hip Fracture Series
Authors: Arshi Armin , Rezzadeh Kevin , Stavrakis Alexandra I. , Bukata Susan V. , Zeegen Erik N. 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
To determine relative complication rates and outcome measures in patients treated under a standardized hip fracture program (SHFP).

Methods:
The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was queried to identify patients who underwent operative fixation of femoral neck, intertrochanteric hip, and subtrochanteric hip fractures in 2016. Cohorts of patients who were and were not treated under a documented SHFP were identified. Relevant perioperative clinical and outcomes data were collected. Multivariate regression was used to assess risk-adjusted complication rates and outcomes for patients treated in SHFPs.

Results:
A total of 9360 hip fracture patients were identified of whom 5070 (54.2%) were treated under a documented SHFP. Median age was 84 years, and 69.9% of patients were women. Patients in an SHFP had a lower risk-adjusted incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis [odds ratio (OR) 0.48 (0.32–0.72), P < 0.001]. Rates of other medical and surgical complications and 30-day mortality were statistically comparable. Risk-adjusted evaluation showed that SHFP patients were less likely to be discharged to an inpatient facility versus home [OR 0.72 (0.63–0.81), P < 0.001] and had a lower 30-day readmission rate [OR 0.83 (0.71–0.97), P = 0.023]. Furthermore, the SHFP patients had higher rates of immediate postoperative weight-bearing as tolerated [OR 1.23 (1.10–1.37), P < 0.001], adherence to deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis at 28 days [OR 1.27 (1.16–1.38), P < 0.001], and initiation of bone protective medications [OR 1.79 (1.64–1.96), P < 0.001].

Conclusions:
Care in a modern hospital-based SHFP is associated with improved short-term outcome measures. Further development and widespread implementation of organized, multidisciplinary orthogeriatric hip fracture protocols is recommended.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III.
Increasing Light Exposure for the Prevention of Delirium
Authors: Groves Rachel L. 
Published: January 2019

Background
Delirium is a neurological disorder with correlations to increased hospital length of stays and higher morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in the growing elderly population, making prevention strategies key in improving patient outcomes and health care systems.

Objectives
Does increased exposure to light, by artificial or natural means, decrease the incidence of delirium?

Methods
A systematic review was conducted of 4 revered databases, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus, for articles related to key words “delirium” and “lighting” or “daylight” or “natural light” or “bright light” or “sunlight.” Results were narrowed to adult inpatients, defined as age older than 18 years. After limiting for quality of the study and content that addressed the objective, 7 articles were selected for review: 4 related to artificial means of light therapy and 3 consistent with increased exposure to natural light.

Results
Two studies examined the effects of bright light therapy and reported a decreased incidence of delirium. Two studies researched whether increased lighting via a lighting system with varying degrees of intensity throughout the day would prevent delirium, and neither reported a decrease in delirium. The remaining 3 studies focused on whether increased natural light via windows decreased the occurrence of delirium and uncovered no correlation.

Discussion
It is recommended that the study by Potharajaroen et al, which demonstrated significant findings for bright light therapy preventing delirium, be replicated as well as new pilot studies to enrich the growing body of research. Bright light therapy is a low-cost and easy-to-institute intervention that should be utilized on a case-to-case basis.