bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NMR‐based metabolomics and bioassays to study phytotoxic extracts and putative phytotoxins from Mediterranean plant species
Authors: Scognamiglio Monica , Graziani Vittoria , Tsafantakis Nikolaos , Esposito Assunta , Fiorentino Antonio , D'Abrosca Brigida 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionMediterranean plants are characterised by a high content of bioactive secondary metabolites that play important roles in plant–plant interactions as plant growth regulators and could be useful for the development of new eco‐friendly herbicides.ObjectiveAn NMR‐based metabolomics approach was reported to seek selective phytotoxic plant extracts and putative plant‐derived active molecules.MethodsPlant extracts derived from five Mediterranean donor species (Pistacia lentiscus, Bellis sylvestris, Phleum subulatum, Petrohrhagia saxifraga and Melilotus neapolitana) were used to treat the hydroponic cultures of three receiving plants (Triticum durum, Triticum ovatum and Avena fatua). Morphological analyses of the treated receiving plants were carried out. NMR‐based metabolomics was applied both to characterise the donor plant extracts and to study the effects of the treatments on the receiving plants.ResultsThis study allowed the identification of Melilotus neapolitana and Bellis sylvestris as phytotoxic plant and good candidates for further studies. Specifically, the NMR‐based metabolomics investigation showed that these species affect a specific set of metabolites (such as sugars, amino and organic acids) and therefore metabolic pathways [i.e. tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, amino acid metabolism, etc.] that are crucial for the plant growth and development.Moreover, it was possible to identify the metabolite(s) probably responsible for the phytotoxicity of the active extracts.ConclusionThe NMR‐based metabolomics approach employed in this study led to the identification of two phytotoxic plant extracts and their putative active principles. These new insights will be of paramount importance in the future to find plant derived molecules endowed with phytotoxic activities.
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 54)
Authors: Green Martin A. , Dunlop Ewan D. , Levi Dean H. , Hohl‐Ebinger Jochen , Yoshita Masahiro , Ho‐Baillie Anita W.Y. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractConsolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since January 2019 are reviewed.
The deamination mechanism of 5,6‐dihydrocytosine and 5,6‐dihydro‐5‐methylcytosine under typical bisulfite condition
Authors: Jin Lingxia , Shi Shengnan , Song Xiaoling , Zhao Caibin , Lu Jiufu , An Chen , Xu Pingping , Wang Zhengguo , Qin Gongwei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe discrimination of DNA methylation could make more complicated with the appearance of these minor bases. The conventional bisulfite sequencing faces with the tremendous challenge in the discrimination of DNA methylation. Therefore, the improved and modification bisulfite sequencing has been conducted to raise the reaction selectivity. The key mechanism for these bisulfite sequencing is the reaction of nucleic acids with HSO3− under acidic conditions. The C5═C6 bonds of 5‐methylcytosine (5‐MeCyt) and cytosine (Cyt) have been modified to improve the difference of activation free energies in bisulfite conditions. Because of this, the hydrolytic deamination of DHCytN3+ (paths A and B) and 5‐DHMeCytN3+ isomers (equatorial and axial conformers, paths C and D) has been explored in the presence of the HSO3− group. The activation free energies (ΔGs≠) of DHCytN3+ and 5‐DHMeCytN3+ equatorial conformer paths exhibit no obvious difference, which increases difficulties in differentiating cytosine from 5‐methylcytosine under bisulfite conditions. Meanwhile, the difference of ΔGs≠ between the 5‐DHMeCytN3+ axial conformer and DHCytN3+ is consistent with the experimental results, where the calculated deamination rate is lower for 5,6‐dihydro‐5‐methylcytosine than for 5,6‐dihydrocytosine. And by extrapolation, the differentiating Cyt from 5‐MeCyt may have a greater possibility by bisulfite treatment. These results have high expectations for the experimental scientists to explore new methods to avoid the formation of the 5‐DHMeCytN3+ equatorial conformer. Furthermore, the rate constant with Wigner tunneling correction for paths A, C, and D are in good agreement with uncorrected results.
Interplay between Short‐ and Long‐Ranged Forces Leading to the Formation of Ag Nanoparticle Superlattice
Authors: Lee Jaewon , Nakouzi Elias , Xiao Dongdong , Wu Zhigang , Song Miao , Ophus Colin , Chun Jaehun , Li Dongsheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNanoparticle (NP) superlattices have attracted increasing attention due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, key questions persist regarding the correlation between short‐ and long‐range driving forces for nanoparticle assembly and resultant capability to predict the transient and final superlattice structure. Here the self‐assembly of Ag NPs in aqueous solutions is investigated by employing in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy, combined with atomic force microscopy‐based force measurements, and theoretical calculations. Despite the NPs exhibiting instantaneous Brownian motion, it is found that the dynamic behavior of NPs is correlated with the van der Waals force, sometimes unexpectedly over relatively large particle separations. After the NPs assemble into clusters, a delicate balance between the hydration and van der Waals forces results in a distinct distribution of particle separation, which is ascribed to layers of hydrated ions adsorbed on the NP surface. The study demonstrates pivotal roles of the complicated correlation between interparticle forces; potentially enabling the control of particle separation, which is critical for tailoring the properties of NP superlattices.
Estimating density and detection of bobcats in fragmented midwestern landscapes using spatial capture–recapture data from camera traps
Authors: Jacques Christopher N. , Klaver Robert W. , Swearingen Tim C. , Davis Edward D. , Anderson Charles R. , Jenks Jonathan A. , Deperno Christopher S. , Bluett Robert D. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTCamera‐trapping data analyzed with spatially explicit capture–recapture (SCR) models can provide a rigorous method for estimating density of small populations of elusive carnivore species. We sought to develop and evaluate the efficacy of SCR models for estimating density of a presumed low‐density bobcat (Lynx rufus) population in fragmented landscapes of west‐central Illinois, USA. We analyzed camera‐trapping data from 49 camera stations in a 1,458‐km2 area deployed over a 77‐day period from 1 February to 18 April 2017. Mean operational time of cameras was 52 days (range = 32–67 days). We captured 23 uniquely identifiable bobcats 113 times and recaptured these same individuals 90 times; 15 of 23 (65.2%) individuals were recaptured at ≥2 camera traps. Total number of bobcat capture events was 139, of which 26 (18.7%) were discarded from analyses because of poor image quality or capture of only a part of an animal in photographs. Of 113 capture events used in analyses, 106 (93.8%) and 7 (6.2%) were classified as positive and tentative identifications, respectively; agreement on tentative identifications of bobcats was high (71.4%) among 3 observers. We photographed bobcats at 36 of 49 (73.5%) camera stations, of which 34 stations were used in analyses. We estimated bobcat density at 1.40 individuals (range = 1.00–2.02)/100 km 2. Our modeled bobcat density estimates are considerably below previously reported densities (30.5 individuals/100 km 2) within the state, and among the lowest yet recorded for the species. Nevertheless, use of remote cameras and SCR models was a viable technique for reliably estimating bobcat density across west‐central Illinois. Our research establishes ecological benchmarks for understanding potential effects of colonization, habitat fragmentation, and exploitation on future assessments of bobcat density using standardized methodologies that can be compared directly over time. Further application of SCR models that quantify specific costs of animal movements (i.e., least‐cost path models) while accounting for landscape connectivity has great utility and relevance for conservation and management of bobcat populations across fragmented Midwestern landscapes. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
An evaluation of population indices for northern bobwhite
Authors: Kubečka Bradley W. , Edwards John T. , LaCoste Lloyd M. , Rollins Dale , Hernández Fidel , Perotto‐Baldivieso Humberto L. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTNorthern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) populations are monitored using 2 general approaches—population indices and abundance estimators. Due to their convenient sampling designs, indices are commonly used by land managers and researchers to predict or estimate hunting‐season populations. We evaluated the efficacy of 4 bobwhite indices (spring cock [adult male] call‐counts, autumn covey call‐counts, roadside surveys, and helicopter surveys) to predict hunting‐season population size by relating them to abundance estimators (minimum known population [no. unique trapped individuals each year], mark–recapture, helicopter‐based distance sampling). Data were collected at the Rolling Plains Quail Research Ranch in Fisher County, Texas, USA, during 2009–2018. Spring cock call‐counts and autumn covey call‐counts were analyzed at 2 spatial scales: ranch scale (1,781 ha) and point scale (i.e., within the presumed radius of audibility of listening points; 600 m or 113 ha). Roadside and helicopter surveys were conducted at the ranch scale along 31‐ and 90‐km transects, respectively. At the ranch scale, mean spring cock call‐counts were a modest predictor of minimum known populations (r2 = 0.54) and good predictor of mark–recapture estimates (r2 = 0.80). At the point scale, the mean number of cocks heard was a poor predictor of densities surrounding points (r2 = 0.0003) as estimated by distance sampling. The mean number of coveys heard during autumn counts was a significant predictor of both minimum known populations (r2 = 0.88) and mark–recapture estimates (r2 = 0.85) at the ranch scale but was a weak predictor of densities immediately surrounding listening points (r2 = 0.22). Helicopter surveys during November (individuals/km) were a significant predictor of minimum known populations (r2 = 0.98) and mark–recapture (r2 = 0.93). Overall, roadside surveys (individuals/km) conducted during September was the best index for predicting minimum known populations (r2 = 0.99) and mark–recapture estimates (r2 = 0.97). Our results suggest the linear relationship between indices and autumn–winter populations for bobwhite are stronger when conducted closer in time to hunting season and at larger scales. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Population of the states in collisions of mixed‐state (1s21S,1s2s3S) B3+ and C4+ ion beams with He and H2 targets
Authors: Benis Emmanouil P. , Madesis Ioannis , Laoutaris Angelos , Nikolaou Sofoklis , Dubois Alain , Gorczyca Tom W. , Zouros Theo J. M. 
Published: June 2019

Auger KLn lines are observed in high‐resolution electron spectra obtained in collisions of mixed‐state (1s21S,1s2s3S) He‐like beams of 4 MeV B3+ with H2 and 6 MeV C4+ with He targets. Supporting atomic structure calculations show these lines to correspond to
doubly excited states, which can be readily populated by electron transfer to the
component of the mixed‐state beam. They thus provide indirect evidence for the existence of the corresponding
KLn quartet states, similarly produced, even though their weak Auger decay does not allow for their direct observation in the electron spectra. These KLn quartet states mostly decay in a cascade chain of strong radiative E1 transitions, eventually terminating at the
state, which is thus additionally enhanced. An upper limit on the
state population due to cascades is obtained by assuming a statistical production of KLn quartet to doublet states followed by a 100% cascade feeding of the
state. Our estimated upper limit is supported by our absolute cross section measurements and corresponding three‐electron atomic orbital close coupling calculations in progress. Results to date are presented and discussed.
Aerobic and Anaerobic Treatments for Aquaponic Sludge Reduction and Mineralisation
Authors: Delaide Boris , Monsees Hendrik , Gross Amit , Goddek Simon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecirculating aquaculture systems, as part of aquaponic units, are effective in producing aquatic animals with a minimal water consumption through effective treatment stages. Nevertheless, the concentrated sludge produced after the solid filtration stage, comprising organic matter and valuable nutrients, is most often discarded. One of the latest developments in aquaponic technology aims to reduce this potential negative environmental impact and to increase the nutrient recycling by treating the sludge on-site. For this purpose, microbial aerobic and anaerobic treatments, dealt with either individually or in a combined approach, provide very promising opportunities to simultaneously reduce the organic waste as well as to recover valuable nutrients such as phosphorus. Anaerobic sludge treatments additionally offer the possibility of energy production since a by-product of this process is biogas, i.e. mainly methane. By applying these additional treatment steps in aquaponic units, the water and nutrient recycling efficiency is improved and the dependency on external fertiliser can be reduced, thereby enhancing the sustainability of the system in terms of resource utilisation. Overall, this can pave the way for the economic improvement of aquaponic systems because costs for waste disposal and fertiliser acquisition are decreased.
Smarthoods: Aquaponics Integrated Microgrids
Authors: de Graaf Florijn , Goddek Simon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWith the pressure to transition towards a fully renewable energy system increasing, a new type of power system architecture is emerging: the microgrid. A microgrid integrates a multitude of decentralised renewable energy technologies using smart energy management systems, in order to efficiently balance the local production and consumption of renewable energy, resulting in a high degree of flexibility and resilience. Generally, the performance of a microgrid increases with the number of technologies present, although it remains difficult to create a fully autonomous microgrid within economic reason (de Graaf F, New strategies for smart integrated decentralised energy systems, 2018). In order to improve the self-sufficiency and flexibility of these microgrids, this research proposes integrating a neighbourhood microgrid with an urban agriculture facility that houses a decoupled multi-loop aquaponics facility. This new concept is called Smarthood, where all Food–Water–Energy flows are circularly connected. In doing so, the performance of the microgrid greatly improves, due to the high flexibility present within the thermal mass, pumps and lighting systems. As a result, it is possible to achieve 95.38% power and 100% heat self-sufficiency. This result is promising, as it could pave the way towards realising these fully circular, decentralised Food–Water–Energy systems.
Aquaponics for the Anthropocene: Towards a ‘Sustainability First’ Agenda
Authors: Gott James , Morgenstern Rolf , Turnšek Maja 
Published: June 2019

Abstract‘The Anthropocene’ has emerged as a unique moment in earth history where humanity recognises its devastating capacity to destabilise the planetary processes upon which it depends. Modern agriculture plays a central role in this problematic. Food production innovations are needed that exceed traditional paradigms of the Green Revolution whilst at the same time are able to acknowledge the complexity arising from the sustainability and food security issues that mark our times. Aquaponics is one technological innovation that promises to contribute much towards these imperatives. But this emergent field is in an early stage that is characterised by limited resources, market uncertainty, institutional resistance and high risks of failure—a developmental environment where hype prevails over demonstrated outcomes. Given this situation, the aquaponics research community potentially holds an important place in the development path of this technology. But the field needs to craft a coherent and viable vision for this technology that can move beyond misplaced techno-optimist accounts. Turning to sustainability science and STS research, we discuss the urgent need to develop what we call a ‘critical sustainability knowledge’ for aquaponics, giving pointers for possible ways forward, which include (1) expanding aquaponic research into an interdisciplinary research domain, (2) opening research up to participatory approaches in real-world contexts and (3) pursuing a solution-oriented approach for sustainability and food security outcomes.
Insight into Risks in Aquatic Animal Health in Aquaponics
Authors: Yavuzcan Yildiz Hijran , Radosavljevic Vladimir , Parisi Giuliana , Cvetkovikj Aleksandar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIncreased public interest in aquaponics necessitates a greater need to monitor fish health to minimize risk of infectious and non-infectious disease outbreaks which result from problematic biosecurity. Fish losses due to health and disease, as well as reporting of poor management practices and quality in produce, which could in a worst-case scenario affect human health, can lead to serious economic and reputational vulnerability for the aquaponics industry. The complexity of aquaponic systems prevents using many antimicrobial/antiparasitic agents or disinfectants to eradicate diseases or parasites. In this chapter, we provide an overview of potential hazards in terms of risks related to aquatic animal health and describe preventive approaches specific to aquaponic systems.
Food, Sustainability, and Science Literacy in One Package? Opportunities and Challenges in Using Aquaponics Among Young People at School, a Danish Perspective
Authors: Mikkelsen Bent Egberg , Bosire Collins Momanyi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe call for sustainable food production and consumption has led to an increased interest and new policy measures to support the circular economy and climate-smart farming practices. The merits of aquaponics and closed-loop nutrient cycling systems are increasingly being examined in terms of sustainable productivity in various settings including urban environments. Aquaponics also has the potential to be applied as a learning tool for people of all ages but especially for young people at school. This chapter studies the potential of aquaponics to teach food and science literacy and the use of the technology as an educational tool in primary school. The chapter draws on data from the Growing Blue & Green (GBG) program carried out in cooperation among Aalborg University, Copenhagen, municipal schools and their teachers and a private aquaponic enterprise. The chapter draws on three empirical studies including an exploratory study on the educational opportunities at school, a feasibility study carried out among teachers, as well as the educational Growing Blue & Green (eGBG) study, in which a digital-based regulation component was added. The conclusion is that low-cost versions of aquaponics have considerable potential for supportive learning in elementary school. Preliminary findings furthermore suggest that fitting the setup with easy-to-install intelligent sensors and devices offers the opportunity to provide learning about food, sustainability, and a basic understanding of the control and management of biological systems in one package.
Recirculating Aquaculture Technologies
Authors: Espinal Carlos A. , Matulić Daniel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecirculating aquaculture technology, which includes aquaponics, has been under development for the past 40 years from a combination of technologies derived from the wastewater treatment and aquaculture sectors. Until recently, recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) farms have been relatively small compared with other types of modern aquaculture production. The last two decades have seen a significant increase in the development of this technology, with increased market acceptance and scale. This chapter provides a brief overview of the history, water quality control processes, new developments and ongoing challenges of RAS.
Nutrient Cycling in Aquaponics Systems
Authors: Eck Mathilde , Körner Oliver , Jijakli M. Haïssam 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn aquaponics, nutrients originate mainly from the fish feed and water inputs in the system. A substantial part of the feed is ingested by the fish and either used for growth and metabolism or excreted as soluble and solid faeces, while the rest of any uneaten feed decays in the tanks. While the soluble excretions are readily available for the plants, the solid faeces need to be mineralised by microorganisms in order for its nutrient content to be available for plant uptake. It is thus more challenging to control the available nutrient concentrations in aquaponics than in hydroponics. Furthermore, many factors, amongst others pH, temperature and light intensity, influence the nutrient availability and plant uptake. Until today, most studies have focused on the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. However, to ensure good crop yields, it is necessary to provide the plants with sufficient levels of all key nutrients. It is therefore essential to better understand and control nutrient cycles in aquaponics.
Cultivating Public Readers: Citizens, Classes, and Types
Authors: Atkin Lara , Comyn Sarah , Fermanis Porscha , Garvey Nathan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers readers in the southern colonies, from various constructions of reader types to the class, gender, and racial composition of colonial reading publics. Locating the users of colonial public libraries within discourses that include sexuality, morality, citizenship, race, and class, the chapter looks at the ways in which public libraries contributed both to expanded understandings of the term ‘public’ and to the management of colonial class and race relations, thereby reflecting and redefining the boundaries of citizenship in emerging colonial polities.
Argon-seeded plasma exposure and oxidation performance of tungsten-chromium-yttrium smart alloys
Authors: Schmitz Janina , Litnovsky Andrey M. , Klein Felix , Tan Xiaoyue , Breuer Uwe , Rasinski Marcin , Ertmer Stephan , Kreter Arkadi , Gonzalez-Julian Jesus , Bram Martin , Coenen Jan Willem , Linsmeier Christian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTungsten-chromium-yttrium (WCrY) smart alloys are foreseen as the first wall material for future fusion devices such as Demonstration Power Plant (DEMO). While suppressing W oxidation during accidental conditions, they should behave like pure W during plasma operation due to preferential sputtering of the lighter alloying elements Cr, Y, and W enrichment of the surface. In this paper, the erosion performance of WCrY and W samples simultaneously exposed to deuterium (D) plasma with the addition of 1% of the projectile ions being argon (Ar) ions at an ion energy of 120 eV is compared. With reference to the previous experiments at 120 eV in pure D plasma, the erosion for both WCrY and W is enhanced by a factor of ~ 7. Adding Ar to the D plasma suppresses significant W enrichment previously found for pure D plasma. To investigate the impact of the plasma exposure onto the oxidation performance, plasma-exposed and non-exposed reference samples were oxidised in a dry atmosphere. Results show, on the one hand, that the oxidation suppression of WCrY in comparison to pure W is preserved during the plasma performance. On the other hand, it becomes evident that edge effects imposed by the geometry of the samples used in plasma experiments play a significant role for the oxidation behaviour.