bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tolerating and managing extreme speech on social media
Authors: Johnson Brett G. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
This study seeks to understand the opinions of internet users toward extreme speech on social media platforms and their willingness to censor such speech. The purpose of this paper is to examine how norms of freedom of expression are changing in an online communication environment dominated by these platforms.

Design/methodology/approach
Four focus groups were conducted in this study. Participants needed to use at least one social media platform daily. Groups were homogeneous in terms of race and gender: African-American females, African-American males, white females and white males.

Findings
Participants in general did not report a strong willingness to censor extreme speech on social media platforms. Rather, they expressed apathy and cynicism toward both their own and social media companies’ ability to combat extreme speech and make online discourse more positive. Female participants tended to value the overall health of public discourse and protection of more vulnerable social media users on social media platforms. African-American female participants called for platforms to recognize a special duty to protect minority users, whom they saw as responsible for the platforms’ success.

Research limitations/implications
Focus groups are useful for providing exploratory rather than generalizable data. However, by increasing the understanding of how individuals define extreme speech on social media, these data can reveal how individuals rhetorically shape the social media platforms and interpret their role in democratic discourse.

Originality/value
This research takes the rich field of studying tolerance toward extreme speech to new territory: the online realm where public discourse (and especially extreme discourse) is hosted more and more.
The dark side of news community forums: opinion manipulation trolls
Authors: Mihaylov Todor , Mihaylova Tsvetomila , Nakov Preslav , Màrquez Lluís , Georgiev Georgi D. , Koychev Ivan Kolev 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the dark side of news community forums: the proliferation of opinion manipulation trolls. In particular, it explores the idea that a user who is called a troll by several people is likely to be one. It further demonstrates the utility of this idea for detecting accused and paid opinion manipulation trolls and their comments as well as for predicting the credibility of comments in news community forums.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors are aiming to build a classifier to distinguish trolls vs regular users. Unfortunately, it is not easy to get reliable training data. The authors solve this issue pragmatically: the authors assume that a user who is called a troll by several people is likely to be such, which are called accused trolls. Based on this assumption and on leaked reports about actual paid opinion manipulation trolls, the authors build a classifier to distinguish trolls vs regular users.

Findings
The authors compare the profiles of paid trolls vs accused trolls vs non-trolls, and show that a classifier trained to distinguish accused trolls from non-trolls does quite well also at telling apart paid trolls from non-trolls.

Research limitations/implications
The troll detection works even for users with about 10 comments, but it achieves the best performance for users with a sizable number of comments in the forum, e.g. 100 or more. Yet, there is not such a limitation for troll comment detection.

Practical implications
The approach would help forum moderators in their work, by pointing them to the most suspicious users and comments. It would be also useful to investigative journalists who want to find paid opinion manipulation trolls.

Social implications
The authors can offer a better experience to online users by filtering out opinion manipulation trolls and their comments.

Originality/value
The authors propose a novel approach for finding paid opinion manipulation trolls and their posts.
The bidirectional mistrust
Authors: Björkman Annica , Salzmann-Erikson Martin 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore and describe online communication about the experiences and attitudes toward Swedish Healthcare Direct, a national telephone advice nursing (TAN) service.

Design/methodology/approach
A descriptive research design was adopted using a six-step netnographic method. Three Swedish forums were purposefully selected and data from the virtual discussions were collected.

Findings
Three themes emerged: expectancy and performativity of the nurses, absurdity in accessibility and the scrutinizing game. The most prominent finding was the scrutinizing game, which included aspects of bidirectional mistrust from both nurses and callers. Another salient finding was the attitudes that callers held toward nurses who used a technique interpreted as “passing the buck.”

Research limitations/implications
The use of a nethnographic method is novel in this area of research. Consequently, the body of knowledge has regarding telephone advise nursing service has significantly been broadened. A limitation in this study is that demographic data for the posters are not available.

Practical implications
Bidirectional distrust is an important issue that must be acknowledged by TAN services, since it might damage the service on a fundamental level. Healthcare providers, politicians, and researchers should account for the power and availability of virtual discussions when seeking consumers’ opinions and evaluating the quality of the care provided.

Originality/value
This analysis of the ongoing discussions that take place on the internet provides insight into callers’ perceptions of a national TAN service. The bidirectional mistrust found from both the nurses and the callers might be a threat to callers’ compliance with the advice given and their care-seeking behavior.
Manufacturing and mechanical characterization of square bar made of aluminium scraps through friction stir back extrusion process
Authors: Gelaw Mengistu , Ramulu Perumalla Janaki , Hailu Dagmawi , Desta Tariku 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to manufacture an aluminium square cross-sectional bar by using conventional lathe machine from aluminium scraps through friction stir back extrusion (FSBE) process and study the viability of the process to produce the square bar.

Design/methodology/approach
The important tasks involved in this work are as follows: designing and manufacturing the chamber and plunger components used for experimental work, experimentally studying the thermo-mechanical progression of FSBE process on adapted conventional lathe machine and analyzing the relation between controlled parameter (like rotational speed and consolidation time) and response parameter (like extrusion time, extrusion rate, grain structure and hardness).

Findings
Preliminary results show that increasing or decreasing rotational speeds results in defects. Cold crack and twisting defect were shown on square bar fabricated using low rotational speed, and hot crack defects were observed on surface of the bars produced by higher rotational speed. The manufactured square bars were tested using optical microscope and Vickers hardness tester. Microstructural studies reveal that initial grains of aluminium wire undergo significant refinement and result in equiaxed and recrystallized grains in the square bar fabricated through FSBE method. The hardness tests show almost even distribution of hardness in the specimen, but hardness was lower than parent aluminium; in comparison, uneven distribution of hardness was seen in parent aluminium.

Originality/value
FSBE process is the new method to produce the bars and rods with better mechanical properties. The ambition of this work is to convert the existing scrap materials to useful products. Based on the literature review, the work has planned to perform extrusion process with the minimum effort and limited sources. In this manner, the work is highly original and under scientific mandate.
Does inflation targeting matter for the behavior of inflation and output growth? Some regime-based evidence for Asian economies
Authors: Valera Harold Glenn A. , Holmes Mark J. , Hassan Gazi M. 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider whether or not the introduction of inflation targeting (IT) impacts on the mean-reversion properties of inflation and output growth.Design/methodology/approachFocusing on eight Asian countries of which four are inflation-targeters, the authors employ a two-state Markov-switching model which characterizes the behavior of inflation and output growth as regime-dependent based on periods of stationarity or non-stationarity.FindingsIn contrast to a literature that offers mixed findings, the authors find the presence of stationary inflation and output growth in one regime for all IT countries, except for South Korea which is characterized by stationary output growth in both regimes. In the cases of South Korea and Thailand, IT reduces the probability of inflation remaining in a non-stationary regime. IT increases the probability of South Korea remaining in a regime of low persistence output growth. While IT is important in understanding behavior, so are other considerations such as exchange rate volatility, as well as the Asian and global financial crises.Originality/valueIn contrast to other unit root tests of inflation and output growth, a novelty of the approach is that the authors obtain new insights in terms of two concepts of stationarity that allow for inflation and output growth to switch between stationary and non-stationary regimes (partial stationarity), or between stationary regimes of differing degrees of persistence (varied stationarity).
Value versus growth in PIIGS stock markets
Authors: Garcia Maria Teresa Medeiros , Oliveira Ricardo António Abreu 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to construct and evaluate value and growth portfolios in Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain, which are commonly known as the EU PIIGS, from 2003 to 2015. Previous research evidence suggests that stocks trading at a lower price relative to their fundamentals (value stocks) tend to outperform stocks that trade at higher prices (growth stocks) in the long run. Although this market anomaly has been studied immensely worldwide, especially for the US stock market, there is no clear evidence whether such an assertion is applicable in less-renowned countries.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper utilises Fama and Macbeth (1973) regressions and its model extensions.

Findings
This paper finds a significant value premium in these countries, which is compatible with previous studies conducted worldwide.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to examine this asset pricing anomaly in the PIIGS.
Technical change, variable elasticity of substitution and economic growth
Authors: Gamlath Sharmila , Lahiri Radhika 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the properties of the variable elasticity of substitution (VES) production function, and examine the dynamics of growth associated with it.Design/methodology/approachThe VES production function is incorporated into an otherwise standard Diamond overlapping generations model.FindingsDepending on parameter combinations, the economy can achieve a unique and stable steady state akin to that observed in the Solow-Swan model, reach a poverty trap or transition towards an upper bound of per capita capital stock. A special case of the VES production function is also consistent with unbounded growth.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is theoretical in nature. Further empirical analysis could shed deeper insights into the results presented in this study.Practical implicationsThe VES production function, when applied to the context of the Diamond model, can capture a variety of growth experiences observed in the empirical literature.Social implicationsIn the context of the Diamond model, a higher value of a particular parameter in the production function leads to greater intergenerational income and consumption inequality. Hence, the study provides a potential explanation for intergenerational inequalities observed in practice.Originality/valueThe study demonstrates the empirical value of the VES production function in explaining observed differences in factor shares, rewards and elasticities within and between countries over time.
The impact of FDI on Nigeria’s export performance: a sectoral analysis
Authors: Okechukwu Obiora G. , De Vita Glauco , Luo Yun 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the foreign direct investment (FDI)–exports relationship in Nigeria using disaggregated FDI and export data.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper applies the autoregressive distributed lag cointegration approach in examining the long-run relationship between FDI and exports.

Findings
The results suggest that aggregate FDI has a positive and statistically significant long-run impact on total exports. Once exports are disaggregated into oil and non-oil exports, the positive, cointegrating relationship holds only for oil exports. When disaggregated by sector, primary sector and manufacturing sector FDI have a positive and significant long-run relationship with both total exports and oil exports but service sector FDI does not appear to have any significant influence on Nigerian exports.

Originality/value
This is the first paper that employs both sectoral FDI and disaggregated export data to examine the FDI–exports nexus in Nigeria.
“Sometimes you don’t know how to move” cultural savviness and learning the ropes of bureaucracy
Authors: Lang Luciana 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
Recent works by organisational anthropologists have identified bureaucracy as a major challenge for unskilled workers in the global economy. Daily encounters with bureaucratic processes only enhance general feelings of inadequacy, frustration and insecurity experienced by social groups who have to rely on precarious work. However, a focus on people’s homespun strategies and on the role of the non-profit sector in helping them to navigate bureaucracy is still incipient. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The research, ethnographic in its approach, unveils some of these challenges by drawing on 29 interviews with migrant workers in a third sector organisation in Manchester, UK. It explores migrants’ work experiences and aspirations, and the strategies used to navigate the bureaucracy embedded in the organisation of their lives. Informed by the different roles the researcher performed at the centre and by the inter-disciplinary nature of the projects, the methodology includes interviews, participative observation, analysis of life story narratives and drawings, and participation in community workshops.

Findings
While acknowledging that bureaucracy can keep people in liminal spaces and enhance their sense of insecurity, this paper reveals how personal aspirations and the ability to make connections across different social networks provide the much needed drive that enables migrants to acquire language skills, a tool that helps them to learn the ropes of bureaucratic processes, become culturally savvy, and leave the stage of quasi-citizenship.

Originality/value
Responses highlight the significance of recent welfare reforms and reveal adaptive mechanisms to deal with resulting uncertainties, which include the use of a variety of social networks, learning hew digital and language skills, and seeking specialized knowledge found in organisations in the third sector. The study also questions the taken-for-granted rationality of bureaucracy, unveiling its messy and ambiguous logic.
Securities class action filings: 2017 year in review
Authors: Gould John , Grundfest Joseph , Aganin Alexander 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to provide an analysis of securities class action filings in 2017 along with related trends over time and a comprehensive current view of the securities class action landscape.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper details 2017 securities class actions and related trends by measures including the number and size of filings; market capitalization losses; litigation likelihood for US versus non-US exchange-listed companies; status and outcomes of filings (settled, dismissed, continuing); core versus merger and acquisition filings; individual versus institutional investors as lead plaintiffs; and concentration of class action activity by industry sector, stock exchange and court circuit.

Findings
The number of federal securities class action lawsuits filed in 2017 reached a record high for the second straight year. The jump was spurred by a sharp increase in lawsuits targeting mergers and acquisitions. The 412 securities class action filings in 2017 represented a more than 50 per cent increase from the previous record of 271 filings in 2016.

Originality/value
This paper details analysis by legal and industry experts.
Competition at home and foreign market entry timing
Authors: Powell K. Skylar 
Published: August 2018

PurposeResearch has identified inverted U-shaped relationships between domestic competitive position, often cast in terms of home-country market share or relative profitability, and speed of entry into a foreign market. However, in some industries, firms may be especially attentive and responsive to competition between firms in their local-home market (i.e. sub-national). Hence, this study aims to explore the effect of local-home market competitive intensity on the relationship between a firm’s overall competitive position and speed of entry into a foreign market.Design/methodology/approachData from 114 large US corporate law firms from 1992 through 2008 were used for Cox proportional-hazards regression models to estimate the moderating effect of local-home market competitive intensity on the relationship between relative profitability at the national level and speed of entry (i.e. hazard rate) into China.FindingsLess-dominant firms from highly competitive local-home markets entered China more quickly than less-dominant firms from less-competitive local-home markets. In addition, first-movers from highly competitive local-home markets tended to have more advantageous competitive profiles, as reflected in profitability, than first-movers from less-competitive local-home markets.Originality/valueThis research explores an important contingency in the relationship between a firm’s competitive position at home and timing of entry into a foreign market. Additionally, the results suggest that first-movers from less-competitive local-home markets may face immediate competition from better-positioned first-movers from more competitive locations within the same home market when they enter new markets.
Older people’s experiences of getting help from neighbours
Authors: Grime Janet Claire 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate older people’s views and experiences of getting help from neighbours in order to consider whether such help is situated within neighbourliness and the implications for social care policy which seeks to harness help from neighbours.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative study in which 15 older people from the North of England were interviewed to explore relationships with neighbours, managing day to day life and experiences of getting help from neighbours.

Findings
Relationships with helper neighbours were reciprocal, dynamic and preceded the start of getting help. The help offered was not negotiated but evolved in response to changes in circumstances and was commensurate with normative views of neighbourliness, i.e. reciprocated sociability and helpfulness but also respect for privacy. Respondents were reluctant to ask for help. Underpinning such reluctance were perceptions of imposing on neighbours, suggestive of anticipated asymmetry in the give-and-take of neighbourliness.

Social implications
Policy makers who see the help from neighbours as an output of household production and available as a source of informal care for older people must appreciate that whether help is offered or taken up is dependent on the development of a reciprocal relationship which itself depends on observing and respecting normative boundaries, such as in relation to help giving or receiving and due respect for privacy.

Originality/value
There has been little research into older people’s perspectives on getting help from neighbours despite diminishing public services and neighbours viewed as a potential source of care.
Royalty and Opposition to Blood Sports in Twentieth‐Century Britain: From Imperial Spoils to Wildlife Conservation?
Authors: TICHELAR MICHAEL 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between the British royal family, the growth of opposition to blood sports and the influence of wildlife conservation during the twentieth century. It explores the way in which public attitudes to the British monarchy in relation to hunting have changed over time, reflecting the growing strength of public opposition to blood sports in the twentieth century. It will argue that the royal family's patronage of the wildlife conservation movement from the 1960s provided a new justification for hunting in a post imperialist world by the preservation of endangered species in nature reserves, but that this had very little impact on the trend of public opinion. It will highlight the paradox that while members of the royal family increasingly used wildlife conservation as a scientific justification for hunting after 1950, in terms of the general trend of public opinion such arguments had little influence and tended to work against the interests of sport hunting.
Competency for Chinese Handwriting and Signature Examination
Authors: Li Chi‐keung 
Published: August 2018

AbstractChinese characters had their root some 4000 years ago and, with the growth in population, are used by over 1.3 billion people worldwide today; it is inevitable that document examiners would encounter cases involving the examination of Chinese handwriting regardless of their location. Although there are extensive studies on the examination of English handwriting in the literature, similar studies on Chinese handwriting are relatively limited. We are seeking to explore the obstacles and challenges for a document examiner who is unfamiliar with Chinese characters to apply the principles of identification and elimination of authorship described in the literature to examine Chinese handwriting, and how can these document examiners demonstrate their competency for conducting Chinese handwriting examination. This study provides a review of the literature, compares the methodology and key features in English and Chinese handwriting examination, and describes various workshops and proficiency testing programs organized to assist document examiners seeking development in Chinese handwriting and signature examination.
The effect of entry on R&D networks
Authors: Petrakis Emmanuel , Tsakas Nikolas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe investigate the effect of potential entry on the formation and stability of R&D networks considering farsighted firms. The presence of a potential entrant often alters the incentives of incumbents to collaborate. Incumbent firms may form an otherwise undesirable collaboration to deter entry of a new firm. Moreover, an incumbent may refrain from establishing an otherwise desirable collaboration, expecting to form a more profitable link with the entrant. Finally, potential entry may lead an inefficient incumbent to exit the market. Welfare analysis shows market and social incentives to be often misaligned. We propose a subsidy scheme that encourages welfare‐improving entry.