bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of self‐reporting reading of medicine's labels and the resources of information about medicines in general public in Malaysia
Authors: Dawood Omar T. , Hassali Mohamed A. , Saleem Fahad , Ibrahim Inas R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study was undertaken to assess the people's self‐reported reading of medicine labels and its associated factors and to assess the sources of information about medicines among general public. A cross‐sectional study was carried out among general public in the State of Penang, Malaysia. A total of 888 participants were conveniently selected and completed the survey. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to obtain the data from all the participants. Most of the participants (74.2%) reported that they have adequate information about medicines provided on their medicine labels. In addition, 86.9% of them reported that they read their medicine's label for the directions of usage and 84.3% for the dosage instruction. However, 42.1% of the participants do not read their medicine's label for the active ingredients, and 33% of them do not read their medicine's label for the safety information. In addition, 36.5% of the respondents did not read the label of medicine for the symptoms which can be used for. However, females, Malay respondents, and higher education level (college/university) were more likely to self‐reported the reading medicine's label. Females were more likely to read the labels of medicines compared with males (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.20‐2.13, P = .001). The reading of medicine labels was predicted by females, Malay respondents, and higher educated people. Health educational programs are needed to clarify label's information that can help in concept of patient safety.
Development of hybrid adsorbent for effective aqueous phase sorptive removal of copper
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Kim Sun‐Joon , Kim Kang‐Ho , Kurade Mayur B. , Lee Sang‐hun , Oh Sang‐Eun , Roh Hyun‐Seog , Jeon Byong‐Hun 
Published: March 2018

Alginate beads (ABs) immobilized with hydrous zirconium oxide (ZO) were used as a hybrid adsorbent (ZO@AB) for the effective removal of copper ions [Cu(II)] from aqueous phase. ZO@AB was characterized using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to confirm the impregnation of ABs with ZO and the adsorption of Cu(II) onto ZO@AB. The maximum equilibrium sorption capacity of ZO@AB for Cu(II) was 63.1 mg·g−1 at pH 5. The Cu(II) removal rate was high at the beginning of reaction, with >90% adsorption within 24 hours, and equilibrium was achieved within 48 hours. The adsorption of Cu(II) onto ZO@AB was well described by pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model (R2 > 0.99), and the monolayer nature of sorption was supported by the Langmuir model (R2 > 0.99). The sorption process was endothermic, favorable, and spontaneous in nature. Regarding the reusability of the adsorbent, its sorption capacity remained satisfactory (>90%) throughout the 5 consecutive cycles (regeneration in 0.1 mol·L−1 HCl). The stoichiometric ratio of released calcium ions [Ca(II)] to adsorbed copper ions [Cu(II)] was approximately 1:1, confirming that ion exchange was the main mechanism for removal of Cu(II) from aqueous phase. The developed adsorbent (ZO@AB) shows promise as a candidate for the effective and selective removal of Cu(II) from aqueous phase.
Co‐implantation of Er and Yb ions into single‐crystalline and nano‐crystalline diamond
Authors: Cajzl Jakub , Akhetova Banu , Nekvindová Pavla , Macková Anna , Malinský Petr , Oswald Jiří , Remeš Zdeněk , Varga Marián , Kromka Alexander 
Published: March 2018

The paper reports on the results of Er‐Yb and Er‐Al co‐implantation into commercial single‐crystalline diamonds as well as into nano‐crystalline diamond (NCD) thin films and their photoluminescence properties. The NCD thin films were deposited on fused silica glass by linear‐antenna microwave plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PE MWCVD). Er implantation was performed at an energy of 190 keV and fluences of 1 × 1015 and 5 × 1015 ions.cm−2 followed by Yb co‐implantation under the same conditions or Al co‐implantation at an energy of 40 keV and the same fluences. The concentration depth profiles of the elements and the degree of their crystal damage (structural ordering) were measured using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy/channelling, respectively. Structural changes were studied by Raman spectroscopy. All Er‐Yb doped samples revealed measurable photoluminescence at approximately 1.5 μm. A comparison with Er‐implanted samples showed that the Er‐Yb co‐implantation was beneficial for the photoluminescence at 1.5 μm in both substrates. Er‐doped NCD films revealed higher intensity of luminescence than Er‐doped single‐crystal diamond. This observation is attributed to the specific incorporation of Er into the diamond and at the grain boundaries.
Electrochemical characterization of PVA/SA nanofibers obtained by electrospinning processing
Authors: Covelo A. , Gómez K. K. , Corona‐Lira P. , Ramírez‐Reivich A. C. , Hernández M. 
Published: March 2018

Sodium alginate (SA), a linear polysaccharide which is present in different forms, is commonly used for tissue engineering. One of the main challenges of using SA in tissue engineering consists of the fabrication of nanoparticles/nanofibres for cell culture scaffolds. Because SA has been developed for medical purposes, it is necessary to measure, among others, the electrochemical properties because they provide information of biological activity related to metabolic behaviour. This work focuses on the measurement, interpretation, and characterization of electrochemical properties by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of SA electrospun fibres mixed with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) at different PVA/SA concentration ratios (3.5, 4, and 5 wt.%). To stabilize the PVA/SA systems, a calcium chloride solution was used for the cross‐linking process. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results show that PVA/SA nanofibres immersed in calcium chloride react instantly and the dielectric properties of the PVA/SA system change until the cross‐linking process is stabilized in time. The overall cross‐linking time depends on the PVA/SA ratio which means, the more SA concentration mixed in PVA solution, the shorter the cross‐linking time needed for a stabilization plateau. The 5 wt.%, PVA/SA gives not only the highest impedance values after cross‐linking treatment, but also the more constant and reproducible electrochemical features in time, in conjunction with a more homogeneous, compact and low porous nanofibre.
Surface and microstructural analyses of a Roman quadrans dating back to first century ad
Authors: de Ruggiero A.C. , Kaciulis S. , Mezzi A. , Montanari R. , Soltani P. , Varone A. 
Published: March 2018

The paper reports the results of the analyses performed on a Roman quadrans dating back to the first century ad, belonging to a group of more than 8.000 coins found in the bed of river Tiber during an archaeological research in 1987–1988.The quadrans was examined by means of X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Energy dispersion spectroscopy analytical results confirmed that the coin is made of pure copper. The compounds present in the patina have been identified through X‐ray diffraction. The spectrum is the overlapping of several peaks, and the results show that the patina substantially consists of malachite Cu2CO3(OH)2, cupric chloride CuCl2, and nantokite CuCl. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy only evidences nantokite because of the different analysis depths of the two techniques. This means that nantokite forms a thin outer layer in the concretion covering the quadrans.
Nano‐Nickel Aluminates: A Sustainable Nanocatalyst for Solvent‐Free Acetylation of Alcohols Phenols and Amines
Authors: Warkhade Swapnil K. , Chaurasiya Vayu , Rawat Megha , Gaikwad Gayatri S. , Zodape Sangesh P. , Pratap Umesh R. , Wankhade Atul V. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHexagonal normal spinels of nano‐nickel aluminate (NiAl2O4) have been successfully synthesized through a greener microwave assisted technique using urea as a base. The structure and morphology of synthesized nanomaterials were examined by Powder X‐ray Diffraction (PXRD), Field Gun Emissions‐Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG‐SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Infrared spectroscopic (IR) analysis, which show the polycrystalline asymmetrical nanoparticles ranging in between 10–100 nm with the higher surface area and thermal stability. Furthermore, to explore the potential of nano‐nickel aluminate, we used synthesized nanomaterials as a heterogeneous catalyst for the acetylation of alcohols, phenols and amines. Here, we have developed the greener, efficient, economical and recyclable protocol for acetylation reactions. The nano nickel aluminate shows the good catalytic efficiency for solvent free acetylation of amines, while it exhibits moderate catalytic efficiency in case of alcohols and phenols.
Copper‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Domino Synthesis of (Z)‐3‐Methyleneisoindolin‐1‐one
Authors: Hazarika Debojit , Phukan Prodeep 
Published: March 2018

AbstractStereoselective synthesis of (Z)‐3‐methyleneisoindolin‐1‐one has been achieved via intermolecular coupling of terminal alkynes and 2‐halobenzamide using a square pyramidal [Cu(DMAP)4I]I complex as catalyst within a short time. This cross coupling reaction features the use of unprotected 2‐halobenzamide to achieve excellent yield of corresponding isoindolin‐1‐ones with free NH group. The catalyst was also found to be equally active for N‐substituted 2‐halobenzamide, phenyl propiolic acids and silylated alkyne.
TiO2‐Graphene Nanocomposites for Effective Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine‐B Dye
Authors: Gunnagol Raghu M. , Rabinal Mohammad Hussain K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe hazardous Rhodamine‐B dye is photocatalytically degraded by anatase TiO2 and its graphene nanocomposites. These are prepared by a simple electrochemical anodic dissolution of pure titanium in graphene oxide solution, here particle size is tuned by current variation. The structural, morphological and optical properties of these composites are studied by X‐ ray diffraction, UV‐visible spectroscopy, field emission SEM, high resolution TEM and XPS. The photocatalytic activity of Rhodamine‐B in water is studied with visible and UV light irradiation. A significant degradation is observed with 1 wt% of reduced graphene oxide with TiO2 nanoparticles. The stability and reproducibility are tested by recycling the catalyst for more than five times. The results are interpreted in terms of energy band alignment of TiO2‐ graphene interface with respect to energy levels of Rhodamine‐B molecule through water redox potentials. The present work demonstrates that these composites are novel and cost effective in photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine‐B and hence are potential materials for environmental remedy.
Biodiesel Production from Recycled Grease Trap Waste: A Case Study in South Australia. Part 1: The Pre‐Treatment of High Free Fatty Acid Feedstock
Authors: Tran Nghiep N , McMurchie Edward J , Ngothai Yung 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGrease trap waste (GTW) often has a very high content of free fatty acids (FFA) which requires a pre‐treatment step before it can be converted to biodiesel via the transesterification reaction. In this study, the esterification reaction was performed to reduce the level of FFA in the GTW, utilizing ethanol as the reagent in the presence of the catalyst H2SO4. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to determine the optimal conditions for the esterification reaction through four process variables, these being: the molar ratio of ethanol to fats, oils, and grease (FOG), reaction time, reaction temperature, and catalyst loading. A set of 30 experiments were conducted in triplicate to study the interactive effects of the above variables on the reduction of the level of FFAs. An FFA% of 0.84% was obtained at the optimum conditions, which were 6:1 ethanol to FOG molar ratio, 3 hr reaction time, 750C reaction temperature, and 3 wt% H2SO4 loading per FOG weight.
Levels of neuroticism differentially predict individual scores in the depression and anxiety dimensions of the tripartite model: A multiwave longitudinal study
Authors: He Yini , Song Na , Xiao Jing , Cui Lixia , McWhinnie Chad M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe associations between neuroticism and depression and anxiety symptoms remain unclear possibly due to the lack of specificity and covariation among common symptoms. The current study hypothesized that neuroticism acts as a vulnerability factor for general distress (GD) and specific depression and anxiety symptoms. We investigated this hypothesis using the “tripartite model” (a well‐known dimensional model of anxiety and depression). A sample of 644 college students was recruited from Hunan, China. In the initial stage of this investigation, the students completed self‐assessment forms to measure their levels of neuroticism and frequency of daily hassles. The students also reported on their levels of GD and specific depression and anxiety symptoms. The same self‐assessment procedure was undertaken once a month for the next 6 months. The results of the hierarchical linear model suggest a significant interaction between neuroticism and the level of stress caused by exposure to increased levels of daily hassles, which can be used as a predictor of future levels of GD and specific anxiety symptoms. However, the same interaction was not a significant predictor of specific depression symptoms. The current findings suggest that neuroticism may be a risk factor for specific anxiety but not for specific depression symptoms in face of stress caused by daily hassles.
Iron Phosphate Coated Flexible Carbon Nanotube Fabric as a Multifunctional Cathode for Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ren Xiaolei , Turcheniuk Kostiantyn , Lewis Daniel , Fu Wenbin , Magasinski Alexandre , Schauer Mark W. , Yushin Gleb 
Published: March 2018

AbstractConventional slurry casted electrodes cannot stand high loads or be repeatedly flexed or bent without being fractured, which inhibits their use in flexible batteries. Carbon nanotube (CNT) fabric exhibits a paramount mechanical stability and, due to its porosity, can additionally accommodate an active material within its structure. While solution‐based protocols cannot achieve conformal coatings of active materials, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) gives a unique opportunity to control and vary the thickness and homogeneity of the coating. Herein, a conformal CVD coating of amorphous iron (III) phosphate (a‐FePO4, FP) on flexible CNT fabric and its ability to reversibly accommodate large radius Na ions is reported. The freestanding binder‐free CNT@FP electrodes exhibit high‐rate capabilities and exceptional cycle stabilities with 98% of retention of initial capacity after 100 cycles. Such electrodes additionally demonstrate high mechanical stability under high loads, remarkable bending characteristics, and modulus of toughness (12 MJ m−3) exceeding that of Al. The presented concept of flexible CNT@FePO4 electrodes with high load‐bearing characteristics opens new perspectives toward the formation of light‐weight, flexible, multifunctional Na‐ion battery electrodes based on abundant materials.
Directed Vertical Diffusion of Photovoltaic Active Layer Components into Porous ZnO‐Based Cathode Buffer Layers
Authors: Kang Jia‐Jhen , Yang Tsung‐Yu , Lan Yi‐Kang , Wu Wei‐Ru , Su Chun‐Jen , Weng Shih‐Chang , Yamada Norifumi L. , Su An‐Chung , Jeng U‐Ser 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCathode buffer layers (CBLs) can effectively further the efficiency of polymer solar cells (PSCs), after optimization of the active layer. Hidden between the active layer and cathode of the inverted PSC device configuration is the critical yet often unattended vertical diffusion of the active layer components across CBL. Here, a novel methodology of contrast variation with neutron and anomalous X‐ray reflectivity to map the multicomponent depth compositions of inverted PSCs, covering from the active layer surface down to the bottom of the ZnO‐based CBL, is developed. Uniquely revealed for a high‐performance model PSC are the often overlooked porosity distributions of the ZnO‐based CBL and the differential diffusions of the polymer PTB7‐Th and fullerene derivative PC71BM of the active layer into the CBL. Interface modification of the ZnO‐based CBL with fullerene derivative PCBEOH for size‐selective nanochannels can selectively improve the diffusion of PC71BM more than that of the polymer. The deeper penetration of PC71BM establishes a gradient distribution of fullerene derivatives over the ZnO/PCBE‐OH CBL, resulting in markedly improved electron mobility and device efficiency of the inverted PSC. The result suggests a new CBL design concept of progressive matching of the conduction bands.
Addition of N‐terminal pro‐B natriuretic peptide to soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1/placental growth factor ratio > 38 improves prediction of pre‐eclampsia requiring delivery within 1 week: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Sabriá E. , Lequerica‐Fernández P. , Lafuente-Ganuza P. , Eguia-Ángeles E. , Escudero A. I. , Martínez‐Morillo E. , Barceló C. , Álvarez F. V. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveShort‐term prediction of pre‐eclampsia (PE) using the soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1)/placental growth factor (PlGF) ratio is characterized by frequent false‐positive results. As such, no treatment can be recommended to test‐positive patients and multiple measurements are often required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of N‐terminal pro‐B natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), uric acid and the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio for prediction of delivery with PE within 1 week in singleton pregnancies with suspected PE and sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio > 38.MethodsThis was a longitudinal prospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies presenting at 24 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks of gestation with clinically suspected PE and sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio > 38, enrolled between January 2015 and June 2017. Multiple samples per patient were allowed but were restricted to one sample per gestational week. From 495 enrolled patients, 270 blood samples from 134 patients were ultimately analyzed. By using generalized estimating equations (GEE), the best‐fit model was selected for prediction of delivery with PE within 1 week. The predictive value of this model was then assessed using area under the paired‐ROC curve (AUC) analysis.ResultsThe best‐fit model included the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio, NT‐proBNP and the gestational week at the time of the measurement. This combined model was compared with the GEE model based on the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio and the gestational week at the time of the measurement (reduced model). The AUC for the combined model was 0.845 (95% CI, 0.787–0.896), which was significantly greater (P = 0.011) than that of the reduced model (0.786 (95% CI, 0.722–0.844)).ConclusionThe addition of NT‐proBNP assessment improves the short‐term prediction of delivery as a result of PE compared with sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio alone, when the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio is > 38. This finding should be considered in future research on the assessment of short‐term risk of delivery as a result of PE. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Emerging technologies, markets and commercialization of solid‐electrolytic hydrogen production
Authors: Badwal Sukhvinder P.S. , Giddey Sarbjit , Munnings Christopher 
Published: March 2018

Around 60 million tons of hydrogen are generated globally each year, 96% of which is produced from fossil fuels. Very little hydrogen is used as energy media; instead, it is most commonly used in nonenergy‐related applications, such as the production of ammonia, fertilizer, methanol and other chemicals, the petrochemical industry, and the hydrogenation of products. However, there is a clear global shift in the use of hydrogen, which is now rapidly developing as a renewable fuel for both stationary and transport applications. Hydrogen can be transported in compressed form at high pressures, in liquid form at –253°C, or more conveniently converted to liquid fuels for easy transportation from locations high in renewable‐energy intensity to areas scarce in renewable resources. In the last 5 years there has been a significant advancement in the scale of solid‐electrolyte demonstrations with a number of megawatt (MW) class products under operation for onsite hydrogen generation, power to gas networks, and storage at multiple sites. This manuscript, building on our previous WIRES publication, discusses the commercialization status of renewable hydrogen‐generation technologies, along with advances in research and development linked to electrolytic hydrogen generation, use, and transportation in the form of liquid fuels such as ammonia, methanol, or dimethyl ether.This article is categorized under:

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Systems and Infrastructure
The use of intelligent aggregator agents for advanced control of demand response
Authors: Medved Tomi , Artač Gašper , Gubina Andrej F. 
Published: March 2018

With the integration of distributed renewable energy sources (DRES) and active demand (e.g., units providing demand response, DR) in the distribution grid, the importance of monitoring the network conditions, managing the line congestions and observing the voltage levels is increasing. The distribution system operator (DSO) needs a mechanism, such as the traffic light system, to screen and approve the proposed operation schedules of the flexible active resources in the distribution grid. Their aggregated control will require the aggregators to employ advanced scheduling algorithms. The DR scheduling algorithms can be set to pursue various goals, for example, maximization of profit or cost reduction, grid support, or provision of the ancillary services. In the paper, we present a new DR scheduling approach suitable for the aggregation agent using approximate Q‐learning (AQL) algorithm scheduling. We present the AQL algorithm and the associated assumptions used in simulations on a real‐world low‐voltage (LV) grid model, comparing the AQL approach results to those of the economic scheduling and the energy scheduling approaches. Our assumption was that the AQL approach could outperform the energy or economic approaches as the AQL agent would be able to learn to avoid the scheduling penalties. The results of our research show that the aggregator agent using the economic approach shows the best economic performance, but causes the most schedule violations. The energy scheduling approach improves the network voltage profile but lowers the aggregator's profit. The AQL approach results in the agent's economic performance between the former two approaches with minimal schedule violations, confirming our research hypothesis.This article is categorized under:
Concentrating Solar Power > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Systems Economics > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Infrastructure > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Efficiency > Economics and Policy