bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 G>A polymorphism and susceptibility to type-2 diabetes
Authors: Du Fei , Yang Kang-Juan , Piao Lian-Shan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically investigate the correlation between the G>A polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PPARGC1A or PGC-1alpha) gene rs8192678 locus and the susceptibility to type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThe inclusion and exclusion criteria and retrieval strategies of original literatures were formulated. Then, subjects and free words “PPARGC1A”,”gene polymorphism”, and “T2DM” were retrieved from the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. Case-control studies on the G>A polymorphism of the PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 locus and susceptibility to T2DM were included for the meta-analysis.ResultsThe number of cases in the T2DM group and control group was 5,607 and 7,596, respectively. The meta-analysis revealed that the PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 locus G>A polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to T2DM. There are differences in each group of genetic models, of which three groups of genetic models are highly significant. In the allele model, OR=1.249, 95% CI: 1.099-1.419, and P=0.001. In the dominant inheritance model, OR=1.364, 95% CI: 1.152-1.614, and P=0.000. In the additive inheritance model, OR=0.828, 95% CI: 0.726-0.945, and P=0.005. And one group is significant, in the recessive inheritance model, OR=1.187, 95% CI: 1.021-1.381, and P=0.026.ConclusionIn Western Asian, South Asian, European and African populations, the A allele of the PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 locus may be one of the risk factors for T2DM.
Prostate cancer screening: guidelines review and laboratory issues
Authors: Filella Xavier , Albaladejo María Dolores , Allué Juan Antonio , Castaño Miguel Angel , Morell-Garcia Daniel , Ruiz Maria Àngels , Santamaría María , Torrejón María José , Giménez Nuria 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) remains as the most used biomarker in the detection of early prostate cancer (PCa). Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are produced to facilitate incorporation of evidence into clinical practice. This is particularly useful when PCa screening remains controversial and guidelines diverge among different medical institutions, although opportunistic screening is not recommended.

Methods
We performed a systematic review of guidelines about PCa screening using PSA. Guidelines published since 2008 were included in this study. The most updated version of these CPGs was used for the evaluation.

Results
Twenty-two guidelines were selected for review. In 59% of these guidelines, recommendations were graded according to level of evidence (n = 13), but only 18% of the guidelines provided clear algorithms (n = 4). Each CPG was assessed using a checklist of laboratory issues, including pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical factors. We found that laboratory medicine specialists participate in 9% of the guidelines reviewed (n = 2) and laboratory issues were frequently omitted. We remarked that information concerning the consequences of World Health Organization (WHO) standard in PSA testing was considered by only two of 22 CPGs evaluated in this study.

Conclusions
We concluded that the quality of PCa early detection guidelines could be improved properly considering the laboratory issues in their development.
Appropriate Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Regime for Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) In the Humid Tropics
Authors: Akpojotor E. , Olowe V.I.O. , Adejuyigbe C. , Adigbo S.O. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Two field trials were conducted on the Research Farm of the Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Nigeria during the late cropping seasons (Jun.–Nov.) of 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the agronomic performance of four recently released sunflower varieties (SAMSUN-1, SMASUN-2, SAMSUN-3 and SAMSUN-4) to three fertilizer regimes: Control, Split application of 30 kg N + 28 kg P2O5 at 21 days after sowing (DAS) and at anthesis and Single application of 60 kg N and 56 kg P2O5 at 21DAS. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design using a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement and replicated three times. Data were collected on phenology, plant height, seed yield and yield attributes, and quality. The varietal effect was only significant in 2015 for head weight, a number of achene per head and 100 achene weight. Application of N and P fertilizer either as split or single significantly (P ≤ 0.05; F-test) enhanced plant height at R5 and R9, 100 achene weight, achene weight per head and grain yield in both years. Single application resulted in significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher grain yield in 2014 than the split and control and was on par with a split. Significant variety × fertilizer regime was recorded for protein content in 2014 and 2015, and oil content in 2015. Therefore, a single application of N and P fertilizers at 21 WAS is recommended for adoption in the humid tropics to enhance seed and oil production of SAMSUN-3 and SAMSUN-4.
Ionisierende Strahlen – Dosisgrenzwerte: Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und Ethische Aspekte
Authors: Streffer Christian 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Wirkungen ionisierender Strahlen auf den Menschen und seine Organe sind bei mittleren und hoheren Strahlendosen gut bekannt. Vorgaben uber Dosisgrenzwerte betreffen allerdings vor allem den niedrigen Dosisbereich (<100 mSv). Zu den problematischsten Strahleneffekten zahlt die Krebs- Verursachung, fur die keine Dosis-Schwellenwerte angenommen werden. Bei niedrigen Strahlendosen lasst sich das Strahlenrisiko zudem nur sehr unsicher bestimmen. Schon seit langem ist allgemein anerkannt, dass bei der Festsetzung der Grenzwerte nicht nur wissenschaftliche, sondern auch ethische und gesellschaftliche Aspekte berucksichtigt werden mussen. Die klassischen Prinzipien im Strahlenschutz sind das Prinzip der Rechtfertigung, das der Optimierung und das der Dosis-Limitierung, die jeweils mit ethischen Gesichtspunkten verknupft sind. Ein wesentlicher ethischer Grundsatz lautet: „Do more good than harm.“ Weitere ethische Werte, die in diesem Kontext eine Rolle spielen, sind: die Autonomie und Wurde des Menschen, Benefizienz bzw Non- Malefizienz und Verteilungsgerechtigkeit. Die Bedeutung dieser Werte fur den Strahlenschutz wird dargestellt. Bei der Risikoabschatzung im niedrigen Dosisbereich wird dabei eine lineare Dosiswirkungsbeziehung ohne Schwellendosis unterstellt, die moglicherweise zu Uberschatzungen fuhrt. Das Vorsorge-Prinzip hat in diesem Zusammenhang erhebliche Bedeutung.
A new fourth power mean of two-term exponential sums
Authors: Li Chen , Xiao Wang 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to use analytic methods and properties of quartic Gauss sums to study a special fourth power mean of a two-term exponential sums modp, with p an odd prime, and prove interesting new identities. As an application of our results, we also obtain a sharp asymptotic formula for the fourth power mean.
Management of complications of first instance of hepatic trauma in a liver surgery unit: Portal vein ligation as a conservative therapeutic strategy
Authors: Rocca Aldo , Andolfi Enrico , Zamboli Anna Ginevra Immacolata , Surfaro Giuseppe , Tafuri Domenico , Costa Gianluca , Frezza Barbara , Scricciolo Marta , Amato Maurizio , Bianco Paolo , Brongo Sergio , Ceccarelli Graziano , Giuliani Antonio , Amato Bruno 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
According to the National Trauma Data Bank, the liver, after the spleen, is the first most injured organ in closed abdominal trauma.

Methods
From June 2010 to December 2015 we observed in our department of Hepato-biliary Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit of the A.O.R.N. A. Cardarelli of Naples 40 patients affected by hepatic trauma. In our retrospective study, we review our experience and propose portal vein ligation (PVL) as a first – line strategy for damage control surgery (DCS) in liver trauma.

Results
26/40 patients (65%) which received gauze-packing represented our study group. In 10 cases out of 26 patients (38,4%) the abdominal packing was enough to control the damage. In 7 cases (18,4%) we performed a liver resection. In 7 cases, after de-packing, we adopted PVL to achieve DCS. Trans Arterial Embolization was chosen in 6 patients. 2 of them were discharged 14 days later without performing any other procedure.
In 3 cases we had to perform a right epatectomy in second instance. Two hepatectomies were due to hemoperitoneum, and the other for coleperitoneum. Two patients were treated in first instance by only doing hemostasis on the bleeding site. We observed 6 patients in first instance. Five of them underwent surgery with hepatic resection and surgical hemostasis of the bleeding site. The other one underwent to conservative management. In summary we performed 15 hepatic resections, 8 of them were right hepatectomies, 1 left hepatectomy, 2 trisegmentectomies V-VI-VII. So in second instance we operated on 10 patients out of 34 (30%).

Conclusions
The improved knowledge of clinical physio-pathology and the improvement of diagnostic and instrumental techniques had a great impact on the prognosis of liver trauma. We think that a rigid diagnostic protocol should be applied as this allows timely pathological finding, and consists of three successive but perfectly integrated steps: 1) patient reception, in close collaboration with the resuscitator; 2) accurate but quick diagnostic framing 3) therapeutic decisional making. Selective portal vein ligation is a well-tolerated and safe manoeuvre, which could be effective, even if not definitive, in treating these subjects. That is why we believe that it can be a choice to keep in mind especially in post-depacking bleeding.
Photonic realization of erasure-based nonlocal measurements
Authors: Pan Wei-Wei , Xu Xiao-Ye , Cohen Eliahu , Wang Qin-Qin , Chen Zhe , Jan Munsif , Han Yong-Jian , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Relativity theory severely restricts the ability to perform nonlocal measurements in quantum mechanics. Studying such nonlocal schemes may thus reveal insights regarding the relations between these two fundamental theories. Therefore, for the last several decades, nonlocal measurements have stimulated considerable interest. However, the experimental implementation of nonlocal measurements imposes profound restrictions because the interaction Hamiltonian cannot contain, in general, nonlocal observables such as the product of local observables belonging to different particles at spacelike-separated regions. In this work, we experimentally realize a scheme for nonlocal measurements with the aid of probabilistic quantum erasure. We apply this scheme to the tasks of performing high-accuracy nonlocal measurements of the parity, as well as measurements in the Bell basis, which do not necessitate classical communication between the parties. Unlike other techniques, the nonlocal measurement outcomes are available locally (upon successful postselection). The state reconstructed via performing quantum tomography on the system after the nonlocal measurement indicates the success of the scheme in retrieving nonlocal information while erasing any local data previously acquired by the parties. This measurement scheme allows to realize any controlled-controlled-gate with any coupling strength. Hence, our results are expected to have conceptual and practical applications to quantum communication and quantum computation.
Mitigating the Impact of Forced Displacement and Refugee and Unauthorized Status on Youth
Authors: Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Wuermli Alice J. , Aber J. Lawrence 
Published: May 2019

An unprecedented half of the world’s 57 million out of school children live in conflict-affected countries, and 50% of children of primary-school-age are not attending school. In addition, the unauthorized status of many refugees and migrants worldwide is associated with experiences of social exclusion as access to employment and social services are often unavailable or constrained by host-country governments. Children and youth affected by unauthorized or refugee status are also often excluded from services to support healthy development and learning. This chapter presents a process-oriented developmental framework to guide the development and evaluation of interventions that can buffer the effects of social and political upheaval, displacement, and refugee and unauthorized status on children and youth's development. Rigorous evaluations, showing how programs mitigate the risks of displacement or refugee or unauthorized status, could yield great benefits for the fields of humanitarian aid and refugee and migration policy, making the relative dearth of such evidence even more stunning. This chapter reviews the existing literature from rigorous evaluations of interventions to address these issues, discusses the challenge of measurement of risk and protective factors in these contexts with particular sensitivity to cultural variation, as well as how to address cultural factors in the development and evaluation of interventions. The chapter concludes with specific methodological recommendations for a sound research agenda to further improve our understanding of risk and resilience in development of children and youth affected by war, displacement, and refugee or unauthorized status.
Binding of an X-Specific Condensin Correlates with a Reduction in Active Histone Modifications at Gene Regulatory Elements
Authors: Street Lena Annika , Morao Ana Karina , Winterkorn Lara Heermans , Jiao Chen-Yu , Albritton Sarah Elizabeth , Sadic Mohammed , Kramer Maxwell , Ercan Sevinç 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Condensins are evolutionarily conserved protein complexes that mediate chromosome compaction during cell division and have been implicated in gene regulation during interphase. Here, Street et al. analyzed the gene regulatory role of an X-specific...
Condensins are evolutionarily conserved protein complexes that are required for chromosome segregation during cell division and genome organization during interphase. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a specialized condensin, which forms the core of the dosage compensation complex (DCC), binds to and represses X chromosome transcription. Here, we analyzed DCC localization and the effect of DCC depletion on histone modifications, transcription factor binding, and gene expression using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and mRNA sequencing. Across the X, the DCC accumulates at accessible gene regulatory sites in active chromatin and not heterochromatin. The DCC is required for reducing the levels of activating histone modifications, including H3K4me3 and H3K27ac, but not repressive modification H3K9me3. In X-to-autosome fusion chromosomes, DCC spreading into the autosomal sequences locally reduces gene expression, thus establishing a direct link between DCC binding and repression. Together, our results indicate that DCC-mediated transcription repression is associated with a reduction in the activity of X chromosomal gene regulatory elements.
Early optic neuropathy during pegylated alfa 2-B interferon and ribavirin HCV treatment. A case report
Authors: Chis Bogdan Augustin , Nicula Cristina , Dumitrascu Dan 
Published: May 2019

Introduction. Hepatitis C viral infection (HCV) represents an important health problem worldwide. Natural evolution, with its complications, remains a high cause of mortality and morbidity. Interferon (IFN) treatment, along with ribavirin (RBV), was for several years the standard of care. However, many adverse effects have been described during this therapy. We report a very elusive case of optic neuropathy.
Case report. We report the case of a female patient, 50 years old, who underwent pegylated IFN alfa 2B and RBV treatment for viral hepatitis C with low grade fibrosis, in a period when she was not qualified for free oral therapy (with direct acting agents according regulations in this country at that time). After 10 weeks of treatment, she experienced blurred vision and an optic neuropathy was diagnosed, attributed to the HCV. The symptoms and eye fundus alterations (hemorrhage, exudates) remitted after discontinuation of therapy.
Conclusion. IFN treatment remains an option for viral hepatitis, but the adverse effects are to be considered. Optic neuropathy can occur during the former standard of care HCV therapy. Patients submitted to IFN plus RBV therapy should be monitored for ocular adverse effects.
THE EVALUATION OF TRIPLE, QUADRUPLE, AND LEVOFLOXACIN-BASED THERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AMONG DYSPEPTIC PATIENTS
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed , Arif Dunya , Mohammed Mohsin 
Published: May 2019

Background
The eradication rate for the first line therapy in H. pylori infection declined worldwide as a result of resistance development; however other therapies as quadruple and levofloxacin-based therapy are also used and have different eradication rate.
Objectives
To assess the response rate of H. pylori infection for different drug’s regimens (triple, quadruple, and levobased), and evaluate the effect of age, gender, body mass index and compliance of the patients on the regimens response rate.
Methods
A cross- sectional study, conducted in Kurdistan Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology (KCGH) in Sulaimani, from April 2018 –November 2018. The study Included 753 dyspeptic patients, H. pylori were positive in 430 (57.1%) patients. Demographic data, anthropometric measures, and clinical presentations were recorded for the participants. The participants were randomly treated with one of the standard H. pylori eradication regimens (triple, quadruple or levobased), they have been followed up for 45 days and rechecked for H. pylori.
Results
The mean age of the patients was 39.8± 15.6 years, and the mean Body Mass Index was 25.7± 6.1kg/m2, 182(42.3%) were male and 248 (57.7%) were female. The rates of responses were (84.4%, 89.4%, and 97.4%) for the triple, quadruple and levobased regimens respectively. The most adverse effects were dizziness and metallic taste recorded in 30.3% in the quadruple group. Statistically, a significant difference was found in the response rate among the triple, quadruple and levobased regimens (p= 0.033). There were no significant differences in the response rate among the three regimens group regarding age, gender, and body mass index. More than 95% in those who completed follow up were adherent to their regimens.
Conclusion
Triple and quadruple regimens are still effective for H. pylori eradication, but have more adverse effects than levobased regimens. Levobased regimen has highest eradication rate for H. pylori, better compliance, and least adverse effects.
RISK FACTORS OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME IN YOUNG AGED PEOPLE IN SULAIMANI
Authors: Fatah Husain , Babakr Burhan 
Published: May 2019

Background
Acute coronary syndrome is relatively rare in young aged people but it is a serious condition may cause many complications including sudden cardiac death.
Objectives
To assess the risk factors of ACS in those less than 45 years old.
Patients and Methods
This is a retrospective study that observed risk factor profiles of 40 cases of ACS who are younger than 45 years old and admitted to coronary care unit in Sulaimani.
Results
The mean age was 40.9 years old .Male to female ratio was4.7:1 and 75% of the cases were ST elevation myocardial infarction STEMI), the other 25% of the cases were non ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina (UA).The most associated risk factor was smoking, in which 55% of the cases were smokers while 40% of the cases were diabetics. There was hypercholesterolemia in 37% of the cases, and 32.5% of the cases had family history of ACS.
Conclusion
In this study we found that male sex, smoking, dyslipidemia, and presence of family history are the most associated risk factors for developing ACS in young aged groups.
A self-medicating scale and questionnaire based drug use survey and the effect of educational intervention among healthcare professional students
Authors: S. Radhika M. , S. Mayur S. , Bindra Kavleen Kaur , Hittalmani Sushmita G. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Due to an array of reasons like easy accessibility and awareness about the available drugs, self-medication has steeply increased the already existent drug misuse. As the health professional students are exposed to all the information of drugs, it would be worthwhile to survey if this knowledge is misused to self-medicate. The present study was aimed at determining the impact of educational intervention on the prevalent attitudes and pattern of self-medication among medical, dental and nursing students as they constitute a vulnerable group for such practices.Methods: A total of 360 health professional students participated in the study. A validated questionnaire and self-medication scale (SMS) were used for the survey, before and after the educational workshop.Results: Of the 360 students 70% were females. 93.89% reported practicing self-medication, which reduced to 78.63% after the educational workshops. Average number of self-medication encounters before the workshop was 4.03±0.30. Analgesics were most commonly used. The modified SMS scores were significantly reduced (p<0.0001) after interventional workshops indicating that the enhanced knowledge, increased the reluctance to self-medicate and make students think twice before self-medicating so as to reduce such harmful, casual drug use habits. Educational workshops statistically (p<0.0001) enhanced the participants knowledge of ADRs, OTC drugs, expiry date, package inserts etc. 77.78% nursing students were habituated to at least one drug which was significantly higher (χ2=20.45, p<0.0001) than that of medical and dental students taken together.Conclusions: Educational intervention reduces the evil of self-medication and enhances safe drug use habits among healthcare professional students.