bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of the Charlson comorbidity index with depression and mortality among the U.S. adults
Authors: Wang Ying-Zhao , Xue Chun , Ma Chao , Liu An-Bang 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundChronic comorbidities are often associated with higher risks of depression and mortality. This study aims to explore the relationships between the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and depression, and their combined effect on mortality.MethodsThis study made use of data gathered in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018, including a collective of 23,927 adult participants. According to CCI score distribution, CCI was categorized into three groups (T1 with CCI = 0; T2 with CCI = 1; T3 with CCI ≥ 2). In the CCI ≥ 2 group, patients may have two or more chronic diseases. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to explore the relationship between CCI and depression. The study utilized the Cox proportional hazards model to investigate the association between CCI, the combination of CCI and depression, and all-cause mortality.ResultsOur analysis revealed that after adjusting for potential confounders, a positive association was found between CCI and depression (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.29). Moreover, a greater CCI was found to be closely linked to higher mortality in individuals with depression (HR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.11, 1.18). Stratifying CCI into tertiles, higher tertiles of CCI (T2, T3 vs T1) also showed positive associations with depression and all-cause mortality. For patients with CCI ≥2 (T3) combined with depression, the risk of mortality was significantly elevated compared to those with CCI = 0 (T1) and non-depressed participants (HR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.60, 2.52).ConclusionThe study findings demonstrate a positive correlation between CCI and the risk of depression, along with an association with increased all-cause mortality among depression patients. Hence, it is important to prioritize the clinical care of patients with a high CCI (≥2) and depression in order to lower the chances of mortality.
Relationship between Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index with all-cause and CVD mortality in osteopenia and osteoporosis
Authors: Guo Tianting , Feng Haorong , Xiong Lijiao , Mo Jianwen , Zhang Xiaoan , Xie Junbin , Hu Hongkai 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis study investigated the relationship between Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and all-cause, cardiovascular (CVD) mortality, in individuals with osteopenia and osteoporosis.MethodsUsing NHANES data from 2005 to 2019, 6,824 participants diagnosed with osteopenia and osteoporosis were analyzed. Participants were categorized based on GNRI tertiles, and statistical methods like the fitted curves, Kaplan-Meier curves, cox regression, and subgroup analyses were employed.ResultsLower GNRI tertiles correlated with older age, male gender, and more comorbidities. Mortality rates differed significantly across GNRI tertiles over an average 7.9-year follow-up, with a notable inverse J-shaped association between GNRI and mortality. Adjusted HRs indicated a 1.6-2-fold increase in all-cause mortality for the lowest GNRI tertile, persisting across comprehensive adjustments. CVD mortality followed a similar trend.ConclusionsThis study illuminates a robust correlation between GNRI levels and mortality risks in osteopenia and osteoporosis. Its consistent dose-response relationship across all-cause, and CVD mortality underscores its pivotal role as a prognostic factor.
Combined empowerment, continuous appraisal, psychological and career counseling improve medical cadets' satisfaction and may potentially offset burnout during internship year. An 18-months successful experience in a tertiary medical center
Authors: Shoham Reut , Robinson Hanni , Yehiel Noy , Robinzon Vered , Nir Yael Frenkel , Segal Gad 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundFollowing graduation, Israeli medical cadets complete a 12-months training period in hospitals, having profound influence on their future career. Burnout, sense of personal and professional uncertainty and disorientation are already notable in this group. The aim of the current study was to assess the potential impact of empowerment, psychological and career counseling on the level of satisfaction and burnout of medicine cadets during their internship year in a tertiary medical center.MethodsIn a tertiary hospital's education authority, we offer constructed, personalized psychological and counseling services with continuous process of appraisal. During an 18-month period we followed their monthly feedback relating to satisfaction, learning experience and level of socialization. The study was designed as comparative research assessing cadets' satisfaction before, and after intervention as a surrogate marker for their burnout.ResultsComparison of measured parameters showed statistically significant improvement, with interns stationed in the surgical departments (n = 86) showing the highest degree of improvement: the extent of acquiring new knowledge and competencies (1 to 5 Likert) went from 2.2 ± 1.0 to 3.3 ± 1.42; p &lt; 0.005; experience from the absorption process into the department (LQR from 2.6 ± 1.2 to 3.5 ± 1.56; p &lt; 0.05), degree of motivation to recommend peers to apply for residency (LQR from 2.3 ± 1.0 to 3.1 ± 1.6; p = 0.05) and the experience of being accepted to the department by the staff nurses (LQR from 2.7 ± 1.3 to 3.5 ± 1.1; p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsA combined, ongoing process of appraisal, empowerment, psychological and career counseling seems promising in the relenting effort to improve cadets' satisfaction and hopefully withhold the burnout process of young physicians.
Nomogram model for screening the risk of frailty in older adult atrial fibrillation patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lin Hairong , Lin Mei , Xu Zhiying , Li Hong , Sun Dingce 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundFrailty is common in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, but the specific risk factors contributing to frailty need further investigation. There is an urgent need for a risk prediction model to identify individuals at high risk of frailty.Aims and objectivesThis cross-sectional study aims to explore the multiple risk factors of frailty in older adult patients with AF and then construct a nomogram model to predict frailty risk.MethodsWe recruited 337 hospitalized patients over the age of 60 (average age: 69, 53.1% male) with AF between November 2021 and August 2022. Data collected included patient demographics, disease characteristics, sleep patterns, mental health status, and frailty measures. We used LASSO and ordinal regression to identify independent risk factors. These factors were then incorporated into a nomogram model to predict frailty risk. The model’s performance was assessed using the concordance index (C-index) and calibration curves.ResultsAmong the AF patients, 23.1% were classified as frail and 52.2% as pre-frail. Six risk factors were identified: age, gender, history of coronary heart disease, number of chronic conditions, sleep disruption, and mental health status. The internal validation C-index was 0.821 (95% CI: 0.778–0.864; bias-corrected C-index: 0.795), and the external validation C-index was 0.819 (95% CI: 0.762–0.876; bias-corrected C-index: 0.819), demonstrating strong discriminative ability. Calibration charts for both internal and external validations closely matched the ideal curve, indicating robust predictive performance.ConclusionThe nomogram developed in this study is a promising and practical tool for assessing frailty risk in AF patients, aiding clinicians in identifying those at high risk.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study demonstrates the utility of a comprehensive predictive model based on frailty risk factors in AF patients, offering clinicians a practical tool for personalized risk assessment and management strategies.
Socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities increase the risk of type 2 diabetes: an analysis of NHS health check attendees in Birmingham
Authors: Au-Yeung Chung Him , Ellis David , Dallaway Alexander , Riley Jenny , Varney Justin , Howell-Jones Rebecca 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionBirmingham has a significantly higher type-II diabetes prevalence than the national average. This study aimed to investigate the association of socioeconomic deprivation and ethnicity on the risk of diabetes in Birmingham.MethodsData were included from 108,514 NHS Health Checks conducted in Birmingham between 2018 and 2023. Attributable fraction and multinomial logistic regression were used to estimate the number of events avoidable and the prevalence odds ratios (POR) of determinants respectively.ResultsAttributable fraction analysis estimated that 64% of diabetes and 44% of pre-diabetes cases could be attributed to socioeconomic deprivation. Specifically, if Asian attendees in the least deprived areas had the same risk as White individuals in the least deprived areas, there would have been 1,056 fewer cases of diabetes and 2,226 fewer cases of pre-diabetes. Diabetes was significantly associated with Asian ethnicity (POR = 5.43, p &lt; 0.001), Black ethnicity (POR = 3.15, p &lt; 0.001) and Mixed ethnicity (POR = 2.79, p &lt; 0.001). Pre-diabetes was also significantly associated with Asian ethnicity (POR = 3.06, p &lt; 0.001), Black ethnicity (POR = 2.70, p &lt; 0.001) and Mixed ethnicity (POR = 2.21, p &lt; 0.001). The interaction effects between ethnicity and deprivation posed a greater risk of diabetes, especially for Asian attendees in the first (POR = 9.34, p &lt; 0.001) and second (POR = 6.24, p &lt; 0.001) most deprived quintiles.DiscussionThe present findings demonstrate the association of ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation on the risk of diabetes and pre-diabetes. It underscores the necessity for targeted interventions and policies to address these inequalities.
Ecology meets reproductive medicine in HIV prevention: the case for geography-informed approaches for bacterial vaginosis in Africa
Authors: Passmore Jo-Ann S. , Ngcapu Sinaye , Gitome Serah , Kullin Brian R. , Welp Kirsten , Martin Darren P. , Potloane Disebo , Manhanzva Monalisa T. , Obimbo Moses M. , Gill Katherine , Fevre Mellissa Le , Happel Anna-Ursula , Jaspan Heather B. , Kasaro Margaret , Bukusi Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of reviewWomen in Africa bear the burden of the HIV epidemic, which has been associated with the high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in the region. However, little progress has been made in finding an effective cure for BV. Drawing on advances in microbiome-directed therapies for gastrointestinal disorders, similar live-biotherapeutic based approaches for BV treatment are being evaluated. Here, we summarize current knowledge regarding vaginal microbiota in BV, explore geographical differences in vaginal microbiota, and argue that novel BV therapeutics should be tailored specifically to meet the needs of African women.Recent findingsCervicovaginal microbiota dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus are optimal, although these are uncommon in African women. Besides socio-behavioural and environmental influences on the vaginal microbiota, host and microbial genetic traits should be considered, particularly those relating to glycogen metabolism. Novel microbiome-directed approaches being developed to treat BV should employ transfers of multiple microbial strains to ensure sustained colonization and BV cure.SummaryImproving the efficacy and durability of BV treatment with microbiome-directed therapies by appropriately accounting for host and microbial genetic factors, could potentially reduce the risk of HIV infection in African women.
Knowledge and perceptions of blood donors of the Western Cape Blood Services, South Africa, toward vaginal sample donation for biobanking
Authors: Claassen-Weitz Shantelle , Kullin Brian , du Toit Elloise , Gardner-Lubbe Sugnet , Passmore Jo-Ann S. , Jaspan Heather , Happel Anna-Ursula , Bellairs Greg , Hilton Caroline , Chicken Anika , Welp Kirsten , Livingstone Hannah , Brink Adrian 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionDepletion of Lactobacillus species and an overgrowth of anaerobes in the vaginal tract bacterial vaginosis (BV)], is associated with non-optimal reproductive health outcomes, and increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections (STIs). BV is currently treated with antibiotics, although these provide suboptimal cure levels and high recurrence rates. Vaginal microbiota transplantation (VMT), the transfer of vaginal fluid from healthy donors with an optimal vaginal microbiota to a recipient with BV, has been proposed as an alternative treatment strategy.MethodsHere, we investigated knowledge and perceptions of blood donors to the concept of an optimal vaginal microbiome and VMT via the Western Cape Blood Service (WCBS) clinics in Cape Town, South Africa, by a self-administered questionnaire.Results &amp; discussionAnalysis of responses from 106 eligible women showed that 86% (91/106) would consider donating samples. Responses significantly associated with willingness to donate vaginal samples included: (1) belief that helping others outweighs the inconvenience of donating vaginal sample (p = 1.093e−05) and (2) prior knowledge of the concept of a healthy vaginal microbiome (p = 0.001). Most potential donors (59/91; 65%) were willing to receive a VMT themselves if needed. Participants who were unwilling to donate vaginal samples (15/106; 14%) indicated that vaginal sample collection would be unpleasant and/or embarrassing. The benefits of a collaboration with WCBS for this project include the naturally altruistic nature of blood donors, the constant in-flow of donors to WCBS clinics, and the infrastructure and logistical aspects in place. Data from this observational study highlight factors affecting the willingness of blood donors to become vaginal sample donors.
Tea and other diet-related practices in relation to sleep health in midlife women from Mexico City: qualitative and quantitative findings
Authors: Zamora Astrid N. , Roberts Elizabeth F. S. , Sharp Lilian , Borra Catherine , Lee Jennifer , Téllez-Rojo Martha M. , Peterson Karen E. , Torres-Olascoaga Libni A. , Cantoral Alejandra , Jansen Erica C. 
Published: November 2024

PurposeLittle is known regarding women's lived experiences of how diet impacts sleep. Based on ethnographic interviews among working-class women from Mexico City, our primary aim was to identify themes related to diet and sleep among midlife women. Informed by qualitative analyses, a secondary aim was to examine associations between tea and sleep duration in a broader cohort.Materials and methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study that entailed in-depth ethnographic interviews about sleep and other behaviors, including diet, with a purposive sample of 30 women from the ELEMENT cohort. Ethnographer field notes and transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Guided by findings from the interviews demonstrating that tea consumption might be associated with sleep, we conducted post-hoc analyses of the relationship between tea and sleep duration using data from food frequency questionnaires and actigraphy, respectively, in the broader cohort (n = 406).ResultsThe mean (SD) age of the ethnographic sample was 50.0 (9.0) years. The top noted theme was the use of herbal tea (in Spanish infusion) to improve sleep; most women (29/30) discussed herbal teas, characterizing them as a “natural remedy” to facilitate sleep. The mean (SD) age of the broader sample (N = 406) was 48.4 (6.2) years. Post-hoc analyses revealed positive associations between tea without sugar (though not necessarily herbal tea) and sleep duration. We found that every serving of tea without sugar consumed was associated with an 18.0 min per night [β (SE) = 18.0 (7.8); p = 0.022] and a 13.4 min per night [β (SE) =13.4 (5.6); p = 0.017] increase in weekend and 7-day sleep duration, respectively.ConclusionsWithin a sample of 30 midlife women, dietary practices were described in relation to sleep, specifically the consumption of herbal teas to promote sleep.
Role of lymphadenectomy in advanced-stage ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ronsini Carlo , Pasanisi Francesca , Andreoli Giada , De Franciscis Pasquale , Cobellis Luigi , Vizzielli Giuseppe , Restaino Stefano , Romeo Paola , Palmara Vittorio , Cianci Stefano 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundEpithelial Ovarian Cancer is one of the most lethal cancers among gynecologic malignancies. The disease metastasizes mainly through the peritoneal spread in the abdomen and through the lymphatic system. Lymph node involvement is present in 48% up to 75% of cases of advanced-stage ovarian cancer (ASOC). In this context, the aim of our study is to analyze the current literature on the topic and to investigate survival outcomes in patients affected by advanced-stage ovarian cancer undergoing lymphadenectomy.MethodsFollowing the recommendations in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, we systematically searched the Pubmed and Scopus databases in June 2022 since the first publication. We made no limitations on the country. We included the studies containing disease-free survival (DFS) and Overall Survival (OS) data. Only comparative studies with a direct comparison between Lymphadenectomy and its avoidance were included for meta-analysis.Results18 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The overall OS, DFS, and RR were comparable in the studies. 26965 patients were enrolled in the meta-analysis. Patients were analyzed concerning OS and DFS. Meta-analysis highlighted statistically significant higher OS than the lymphadenectomy group (RR 1.31 [95% CI 1.16–1.48] p &lt; .00001), and no statistically different DFS RR 1.23 [95% CI 0.82–1.92] p = 0.25).ConclusionOur analysis showed a protective role of lymphadenectomy in advanced ovarian cancer, with a reduction in death risk.Systematic Review Registration:www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022341646, Identifier CRD42022341646.
Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy with TFDS in the treatment of urolithiasis
Authors: Gao Xiang , Han Peng , Zong Yiping , Wang Zijie , Zhang Wei , Lu Pei 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundAt present, there is no effective drug to remove residual stones. Total flavonoids of desmodium styracifolium (TFDS) is an innovative traditional Chinese medicine listed in 2022, which can be used to treat ureteral calculi. This study was to explore the effectiveness and economic value of TFDS in the treatment of residual stones after flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (FURL).MethodsA total of 161 patients who underwent unilateral ureteroscopic lithotripsy for urinary calculi by the same surgeon in our center from May 2022 to February 2024 were retrospectively included. According to the use of stone-removal drugs after operation, patients were divided into TFDS group and Control group. The residual stones showed by x-ray plain film when the double J tube was removed were compared between the two groups, and the economic benefits of TFDS were analyzed by cost-benefit analysis.ResultsThe data of 161 patients were collected, including 80 cases in TFDS group and 81 cases in Control group. The SFR rates at the endpoint of follow-up in TFDS group and Control group were 98.75% and 88.88%, respectively. In the subgroup analysis of post-operative residual stones, the stone clearance rate of TFDS was higher (47.62% vs. 18.18%). No obvious adverse events were reported in two groups. The cost/benefit ratio of TFDS was lower (20.43 vs. 32.57). Cost of TFDS was increased by ¥12.97 for each additional unit of total effective rate.ConclusionThe combination of dusting FURL and TFDS can effectively remove the urolithiasis when compared to only FURL, which showed highly economic benefits.
Heterogenous bioluminescence patterns, cell viability, and biofilm formation of Photobacterium leiognathi strains exposed to ground microplastics
Authors: De Jesus Rener , Iqbal Sameera , Mundra Sunil , AlKendi Ruwaya 
Published: November 2024

Microplastics (MPs) have been detected in various aquatic environments and negatively affect organisms, including marine luminous bacteria. This study investigated the differences in bioluminescence patterns, cell viability, and biofilm formation of Photobacterium leiognathi strains (LB01 and LB09) when exposed to various concentrations of ground microplastics (GMPs; 0.25%, 0.50%, 1%, or 2% [w/v] per mL) at 22°C or 30°C for 3.1 days (75 h) and 7 days. The strains exhibited heterogenous responses, including variable bioluminescence patterns, cell viability, and biofilm formation, due to the GMPs having effects such as hormesis and bioluminescence quenching. Moreover, the bioluminescence and cell viability differed between the two strains, possibly involving distinct cellular mechanisms, suggesting that GMPs affect factors that influence quorum sensing. Furthermore, the biofilm formation of LB01 and LB09 was observed following exposure to GMPs. Both strains showed increased biofilm formation at higher GMP concentrations (1% and 2%) after 3.1 days at 30°C and 22°C. However, in the 7-day experiment, LB01 significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased biofilms at 22°C, while LB09 significantly (p &lt; 0.05) produced biofilms at 30°C. These findings highlight the strain-specific responses of Phb. leiognathi to MP pollutants. Therefore, this study underscores the importance of evaluating MPs as environmental stressors on marine microorganisms and their role in the ecophysiological repercussions of plastic pollution in aquatic environments.
С НАДЕЖДОЙ НА ПРЕКРАСНУЮ НАУКУ БУДУЩЕГО: КАФЕДРЕ ЭТНОЛОГИИ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО ФАКУЛЬТЕТА МГУ ИМЕНИ М.В. ЛОМОНОСОВА - 80 ЛЕТ
Authors: Татьяна Дмитриевна Соловей 
Published: November 2024

Ключевой недостаток историографии этнологического образования в МГУ - фрагментарное внимание к контексту и внешним влияниям. В авторской гипотезе ключом к пониманию специфики этнологии как дисциплины и интеллектуального и социокультурного института оказывается отношение власти и науки, что предопределено решающей, конституирующей ролью русской власти, российского государства в формировании науки как системы. История этнографического образования в Московском университете рассматривается именно с этой наблюдательной позиции.
A key drawback of the historiography of ethnological education at MSU is the fragmentary attention to context and external influences. In the author’s hypothesis, the key to understanding the specifics of Ethnology as a discipline and intellectual and socio-cultural institution is the relationship between power and science, which is predetermined by the decisive, constitutive role of the Russian government, the Russian state in the formation of science as a system. The history of ethnographic education at Moscow University is considered from this observational position.
КИНОСЦЕНАРИЙ М. ГОРЬКОГО О ТРУДОВЫХ КОММУНАХ
Authors: Анастасия Геннадьевна Плотникова 
Published: November 2024

В статье на основе архивных документов освещается деятельность М. Горького по поддержке трудовых коммун для беспризорников и исследуется история его сценария ≪Преступники≫. В сценарии изображается процесс перевоспитания малолетних правонарушителей в коммунах ОГПУ. В разработке сценария, кроме Горького, принимали участие Г.Г. Ягода, М.С. Погребинский и воспитанники трудовых коммун. Фильм не был поставлен, но сценарий ≪Преступники≫ является важной частью творчества М. Горького.
The article based on archival documents and tells about M. Gorky’s work supporting of labor communities for street children and young criminals and explores the history of his scenario “Prestupniky”. The scenario depicts the process of re-education of juvenile offenders in the communes of the OGPU. In addition to Gorky, G.G. Yagoda, M.S. Pogrebinsky and pupils of labor communes took part in edition of the scenario. The film was not staged, but the scenario “Criminals” is an important part of the work of M. Gorky.