bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upper-Ocean Response to the Super Tropical Cyclone Phailin (2013) over the Freshwater Region of the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Qiu Yun , Han Weiqing , Lin Xinyu , West B. Jason , Li Yuanlong , Xing Wen , Zhang Xiaolin , Arulananthan K. , Guo Xiaogang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of salinity stratification on the upper-ocean response to a category 5 tropical cyclone, Phailin, that crossed the northern Bay of Bengal (BOB) from 8 to 13 October 2013. A drastic increase of up to 5.0 psu in sea surface salinity (SSS) was observed after Phailin’s passage, whereas a weak drop of below 0.5°C was observed in sea surface temperature (SST). Rightward biases were apparent in surface current and SSS but not evident in SST. Phailin-induced SST variations can be divided into the warming and cooling stages, corresponding to the existence of the thick barrier layer (BL) and temperature inversion before and erosion after Phailin’s passage, respectively. During the warming stage, SST increased due to strong entrainment of warmer water from the BL, which overcame the cooling induced by surface heat fluxes and horizontal advection. During the cooling stage, the entrainment and upwelling dominated the SST decrease. The preexistence of the BL, which reduced entrainment cooling by ~1.09°C day−1, significantly weakened the overall Phailin-induced SST cooling. The Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) experiments confirm the crucial roles of entrainment and upwelling in the Phailin-induced dramatic SSS increase and weak SST decrease. Analyses of upper-ocean stratification associated with 16 super TCs that occurred in the BOB during 1980–2015 show that intensifications of 13 TCs were associated with a thick isothermal layer, and 5 out of the 13 were associated with a thick BL. The calculation of TC intensity with and without considering subsurface temperature demonstrates the importance of large upper-ocean heat storage in TC growth.
Multicase Assessment of the Impacts of Horizontal and Vertical Grid Spacing, and Turbulence Closure Model, on Subkilometer-Scale Simulations of Atmospheric Bores during PECAN
Authors: Johnson Aaron , Wang Xuguang 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Four case studies from the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field experiment are used to investigate the impacts of horizontal and vertical resolution, and vertical mixing parameterization, on predictions of bore structure and upscale impacts of bores on their mesoscale environment. The reduction of environmental convective inhibition (CIN) created by the bore is particularly emphasized. Simulations are run with horizontal grid spacings ranging from 250 to 1000 m, as well as 50 m for one case study, different vertical level configurations, and different closure models for the vertical turbulent mixing at 250-m horizontal resolution. The 11 July case study was evaluated in greatest detail because it was the best observed case and has been the focus of a previous study. For this case, it is found that 250-m grid spacing improves upon 1-km grid spacing, LES configuration provides further improvement, and enhanced low-level vertical resolution also provides further improvement in terms of qualitative agreement between simulated and observed bore structure. Reducing LES grid spacing further to 50 m provided very little additional advantage. Only the LES experiments properly resolved the upscale influence of reduced low-level CIN. Expanding on the 11 July case study, three other cases from PECAN with diverse observed bore structures were also evaluated. Similar to the 11 July case, enhancing the horizontal and vertical grid spacings, and using the LES closure model for vertical turbulent mixing, all contributed to improved simulations of both the bores themselves and the larger-scale modification of CIN to varying degrees on different cases.
Risks inherent in the digital surveillance economy: A research agenda
Authors: Clarke Roger 
Published: March 2019

The digitisation of data about the world relevant to business has given rise to a new phase of digitalisation of business itself. The digitisation of data about people has linked with the notions of information society, surveillance society, surveillance state and surveillance capitalism, and given rise to what is referred to in this article as the digital surveillance economy. At the heart of this is a new form of business model that is predicated on the acquisition and consolidation of very large volumes of personal data, and its exploitation to target advertisements, manipulate consumer behaviour, and price goods and services at the highest level that each individual is willing to bear. In the words of the model’s architects, users are ‘bribed’ and ‘induced’ to make their data available at minimal cost to marketers. The digital surveillance economy harbours serious threats to the interests of individuals, societies and polities. That in turn creates risks for corporations. The new economic wave may prove to be a tsunami that swamps the social dimension and washes away the last five centuries’ individualism and humanism. Alternatively, institutional adaptation might occur, overcoming the worst of the negative impacts; or a breaking-point could be reached and consumers might rebel against corporate domination. A research agenda is proposed, to provide a framework within which alternative scenarios can be investigated.
Stakeholder Perspectives on the Biopsychosocial and Spiritual Realities of Living With ALS: Implications for Palliative Care Teams
Authors: Kukulka Klaudia , Washington Karla T. , Govindarajan Raghav , Mehr David R. 
Published: March 2019

Context: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an all-encompassing, life-limiting disease, resulting in the eventual paralysis of all voluntary muscles and concurrent loss of independence. As the disease advances, both patients and their family caregivers develop complex biological, psychological, and social needs, leading to increasing calls for the involvement of palliative care teams in the management of ALS. Objective: The purpose of this study was to generate a rich description of the realities of living with ALS, equipping palliative care teams with an in-depth understanding of the experiences and needs of patients with ALS and their family caregivers. Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods design, with quantitative data supplementing a larger body of qualitative data. Semi-structured interviews with 42 key stakeholders, including patients, family caregivers, and health-care providers, were analyzed for themes essential for effective understanding of ALS. Results: Identified themes were organized into 2 broad categories: (1) biopsychosocial needs of patients with ALS and family caregivers and (2) the impact of ALS on spiritual and emotional well-being. Quantitative data supported the recognized themes, particularly with regard to challenges associated with preserving independence, securing sufficient social support, and managing the emotional complexities of the disease. Conclusion: Study findings illustrate the intricacies of living with ALS and the importance of eliciting individualized values when caring for patients with ALS and their families. The complex biopsychosocial needs experienced by patients and family caregivers suggest numerous opportunities for meaningful palliative care involvement.
Novel Use of Capturex Device and Reliant Balloon for Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombectomy: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Ho Derek , Samarakoon Lasitha , Kai Tan Yih , Kum Steven , Lim Darryl 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Most common tumor extending into the inferior vena cava (IVC) are renal carcinomas, such extension have been noted in nearly one-fifth of tumors. Tumor thrombectomy improves the prognosis of patients including those with extension of tumor as far as supra hepatic vena cava. In contrast, if radical nephrectomy is performed as the sole procedure, the prognosis is reduced drastically. Case Presentation: We present a case of a 42-year-old male who presented to us with renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus extending to IVC. We performed a hybrid endovascular and open procedure using novel surgical techniques to obtain proximal vena caval control and to remove the tumor thrombus—Capturex filter which was placed endovascularly 1 cm above the thrombus via the right internal jugular vein and reliant balloon was placed above the capturex below the hepatic veins. At this position, when the reliant balloon was inflated, it acted as a retro hepatic IVC control. Following vascular control, we proceeded to tumor thrombectomy and radical nephrectomy using transperitoneal approach. Patient made an uneventful recovery and was subsequently referred for medical oncology service for consideration of targeted therapy. Detailed description of the procedure is followed by the discussion of the literature.
Knee Cartilage Defect Characteristics Vary among Symptomatic Recreational and Competitive Scholastic Athletes Eligible for Cartilage Restoration Surgery
Authors: Everhart Joshua S. , Boggs Zak , DiBartola Alex C. , Wright Brennan , Flanigan David C. 
Published: March 2019

Objective To determine whether there are differences by sport or competitive level in symptomatic knee cartilage defects among recreational, high school, or collegiate competitive athletes undergoing initial arthroscopic knee surgery who meet criteria for cartilage restoration surgery. Design Three hundred recreational ( n = 172) and high school or collegiate competitive athletes ( n = 128) younger than 40 years and body mass index (BMI) <35 kg/m2 (63% male, mean age 24.3 years, SD 7.1; mean BMI 25.7 kg/m2, SD 3.7) with Outerbridge grade 2 or higher symptomatic cartilage defects who underwent arthroscopic knee surgery were identified. The independent relationship between sporting activity or competitive level and cartilage defect location, size, severity, and symptom chronicity were assessed by multivariate regression analysis. Results Full-thickness defects were present in 24% of competitive athletes and 31% of recreational athletes ( P = 0.21). There was a trend toward an independent association with competitive level and high-grade (3 or 4) multicompartment disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.99, 95% confidence interval 0.84-18.8; P = 0.08) or isolated anterior compartment defects (aOR 2.00, 95% CI 0.86-4.62, P = 0.10) but not isolated medial or lateral defects. High-grade defect size was similar among recreational and competitive athletes ( P = 0.71). High-grade lateral defect prevalence differed by sport (running 24%, basketball 23%, soccer 18%, football 5%; P = 0.02) but not medial or anterior defect prevalence. Conclusions Among recreational and high school or collegiate competitive athletes with symptomatic cartilage defects who meet criteria for cartilage restoration, competitive athletes may have higher risk of high-grade anterior and multicompartment defects but no difference in defect size.
Percutaneous cystolitholapaxy: A safe and effective alternative to open stone surgery for the management of complex bladder stones in patients with no urethral access
Authors: Goldsmith Louise , Neal Naomi , Briggs James , Tapping Charles , Boardman Phil , Turney Ben , Reynard John 
Published: March 2019

Objectives: Bladder stone management in patients with reconstructed bladders drained by Mitrofanoff catheterizable channels, with no urethral access, generates multiple challenges. Trans-Mitrofanoff access limits the size of endoscopic stone fragmenting devices, risking prolonged procedures, incomplete stone clearance and damage to the continent conduit. Access through previous surgical access sites risks bowel injury. This case series reports outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous cystolitholapaxy (PCCL), using ultrasound-guided access and direct track closure, thereby limiting radiation exposure and avoiding suprapubic catheters (SPCs). Patients and methods: Seven PCCL procedures were performed in five patients with closed urethras. Average age 32 years, primary diagnoses: spina bifida, vertebrae, anus, trachea, esophagus, renal (VATER) syndrome, bladder exstrophy and traumatic brain injury. Four used Mitrofanoff stomas and one an SPC. Average largest stone was 18.57 mm (range 10–30 mm). Five procedures were for multiple stones (range 2–30 stones). Results: Each PCCL achieved complete stone clearance. Average operative time: 146 min (range 72–250 min). No intraoperative blood loss or bladder perforation. Postoperative median length of stay was 2 days. Conclusion: PCCL is a safe, minimally invasive alternative to open surgery for large and multiple bladder stones in individuals with complex lower urinary tract anatomy, specifically reconstructed bladders drained by Mitrofanoff catheterizable channels with no urethral access. Level of evidence: Level 4
Serial stab incision venous drainage technique for simple artery-only fingertip replantation
Authors: Kim Dong Hee , Yang Seongwook , Seo Kyu Bum , Kwak Sang Ho , Rhee Seung Joon , Ahn Tae Young , Lee Sang Hyun 
Published: March 2019

Purpose: Fingertip replantation is a challenging and technically demanding procedure. A variety of venous drainage techniques have been attempted for successful fingertip replantation. We present a new venous drainage technique, known as serial multifocal incision for fingertip replantation. Methods: Between 2006 and 2014, we performed 94 fingertip replantations without vein anastomosis. Eighty of the patients were male, and 14 were female, with an overall mean age of 42 years (range: 8–67 years). All patients suffered amputations distal to the distal phalanx joint (Ishikawa subzone I, II, or III). We performed only artery anastomosis. To relieve venous congestion, we incised the fingertip 2–3 mm using a number 11 scalpel blade and allowed the vein to drain naturally. We made small serial incisions every 2–3 days for 1 week. Results: The overall success rate for this procedure was 90%, with 85 surviving digits. Two patients with partial necrosis and nine patients with complete loss needed a second operation. Two patients received blood transfusions with an average of 1.5 units, but both had an accompanying injury at another site. No one complained of nail deformity or wound infection. Conclusions: Various external bleeding techniques have been reported to yield good results. The serial stab incision venous drainage technique is a modified fish-mouth external bleeding technique that overcomes the disadvantages of published methods. This technique is simple, allows for easy control of venous drainage, and reduces the need for blood transfusions compared to other venous drainage techniques that cause large amounts of bleeding. We propose a new method, the serial stab incision venous drainage technique, which is effective and associated with high rates of survival.
Arthroscopic Bankart repair following traumatic recurrent shoulder dislocation: A prospective review of 30 cases
Authors: Parmar RS , Kapoor Sanjeev , Sharma Bhanu 
Published: March 2019

Background: Literature on outcomes of arthroscopic Bankart repair at the intervening time intervals in traumatic recurrent dislocation of shoulder joint is limited. Study Design: Case series. Subjects and methods: A prospective review of 30 shoulders, aged 20–40 years with clinically and magnetic resonance imaging established findings that were treated with primary arthroscopic Bankart repair and followed up for a minimum of 2 years. Outcomes were evaluated using Rowe score and University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) scoring system. Results: The mean age was 26.40 years. All patients had definite trauma history. Average number of dislocation was 13.77 + 18.435 (range: 3–100). Time duration from first dislocation to surgery was an average of 4.80 + 3.576 years. The average size of the lesion was approximately 31% of the glenoid circumference. The number of suture anchors used for fixation did not correlate significantly with any of the scores. The mean Rowe and UCLA scores were 94.16 ± 9.7 and 33.83 ± 3.32, respectively, at final follow-up. The average duration of hospital stay was 7 days. Of the 30 patients, 2 (6.66%) had dislocation events post-operatively. Returns to pre-injury level were available for 27 (90%) of 30 patients. Multivariate analysis of independent Variables: age; side and number of dislocations, time to surgery, duration of surgery, size of lesion, number of anchors, and concurrent Hill–Sachs lesion, shown to have no significant relationship to outcomes. Conclusion: Arthroscopic Bankart repair is an effective and safe technique for treating anterior glenohumeral instability in patients with recurrent traumatic shoulder dislocation.
Venous thromboembolism after hospital discharge in pelvic and acetabular fracture patients treated operatively
Authors: Dwyer Emma P , Moed Berton R 
Published: March 2019

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to determine the rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after discharge from the hospital in patients treated operatively with a pelvic ring or acetabular fracture and to define the main time frame in which VTE occurs within the 90-day period after hospital discharge. Methods: California and Florida State Inpatient Databases from 2005 to 2009 were used to identify patients with clinically significant VTEs within 90 days of hospital discharge. ICD-9 diagnosis codes identified patients with a pelvic ring or acetabular fracture and a VTE. Procedure codes distinguished patients having surgical fracture treatment. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolus (PE) were included. Results: Overall, 13,589 patients had a pelvic ring or acetabular fracture and operative treatment. One hundred thirteen patients (0.83%) had a VTE within 90 days after hospital discharge: 0.51% had a DVT, 0.21% had a PE, and 0.12% had both. Twenty eight percent of DVTs and 23% of PEs occurred >35 days after discharge, being evenly distributed out to 90 days. Therefore, overall, <0.2% of patients developed a DVT and <0.1% were diagnosed with a PE (<0.01% fatal) >35 days after the index hospitalization. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of VTE events occur over 35 days after discharge; however, the overall risk is low with fatal PE being extremely low (<0.01%). Given the diminished VTE risk after 35 days, the decision to further extend antithrombotic drug therapy may be guided by patient-specific factors, such as prolonged immobility.
Secretory status of monoclonal immunoglobulin is related to the outcome of patients with myeloma: a retrospective study
Authors: Qin Xiao-Qi , An Gang , Li Zeng-Jun , Liu Lan-Ting , Xu Yan , Yang Lin-Hua , Ma Yan-Ping , Deng Shu-Hui , Sui Wei-Wei , Qin Yu , Feng Xiao-Yan , Zang Mei-Rong , Yang Wen-Juan , Zhang Yan-Ru , Yi Shu-Hua , Wang Ting-Yu , Lv Rui , Zou De-Hui , Zhao Yao-Zhong , Qiu Lu-Gui 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) with proteasome inhibitor (PI) bortezomib has significantly improved the survival of patients with MM. The 26S proteasome inhibitor targets the unfolded protein response (UPR) by inhibiting proteasome degradation of ubiquitinated paraprotein, subsequently leading to the lethal accumulation of paraprotein within the endoplasmic reticulum. According to secretory status of monoclonal immunoglobulin, newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) is divided into measurable and unmeasurable disease, which includes oligosecretory, nonsecretory, and nonproducer myeloma. The present study analyzed the clinical characteristics of 822 patients with NDMM who had either measurable or unmeasurable diseases and received bortezomib- or thalidomide-based therapies. Our results showed that the median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with MM was significantly longer in patients with measurable disease than those in oligosecretory, nonsecretory, and nonproducer MM (PFS: 27, 18, 19, and 2.0 months, respectively [P &lt; .001]; OS: 51, 30, 22, and 2.0 months, respectively [P &lt; .001]). Within the unmeasurable group, patients with nonproducer myeloma showed the shortest PFS and OS. Importantly, compared with thalidomide treatment, bortezomib significantly improved the PFS and OS of patients with MM with measurable disease (PFS: 25 and 33 months [P = .022], respectively; OS: 41 and 58 months [P &lt; .001], respectively), but not those with unmeasurable disease (PFS: 18 and 16 months [P = .617], respectively; OS: 22 and 27 months [P = .743], respectively). Our results indicate that bortezomib-based therapy performed no better than thalidomide-based treatment in patients with unmeasurable MM. The results need to be confirmed in other patient cohorts, preferably in the context of a prospective trial.
Effectiveness of a volunteer befriending programme for patients with schizophrenia: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Priebe Stefan , Chevalier Agnes , Hamborg Thomas , Golden Eoin , King Michael , Pistrang Nancy 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundBefriending by volunteers has the potential to reduce the frequent social isolation of patients with schizophrenia and thus improve health outcomes. However, trial-based evidence for its effectiveness is limited.AimsTo conduct a randomised controlled trial of befriending for patients with schizophrenia or related disorders.MethodPatients were randomised to a befriending programme for 1 year or to receive information about social activities only (trial registration: ISRCTN14021839). Outcomes were assessed masked to allocation at the end of the programme; at 12 months and at a 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome was daily time spent in activities (using the Time Use Survey (TUS)) with intention-to-treat analysis.ResultsA total of 124 patients were randomised (63 intervention, 61 active control) and 92 (74%) were followed up at 1 year. In the intervention group, 49 (78%) met a volunteer at least once and 31 (49%) had more than 12 meetings. At 1 year, mean TUS scores were more than three times higher in both groups with no significant difference between them (adjusted difference 8.9, 95% CI −40.7 to 58.5, P = 0.72). There were no significant differences in quality of life, symptoms or self-esteem. However, patients in the intervention group had significantly more social contacts than those in the control group at the end of the 12-month period. This difference held true at the follow-up 6 months later.ConclusionsAlthough no difference was found on the primary outcome, the findings suggest that befriending may have a lasting effect on increasing social contacts. It may be used more widely to reduce the social isolation of patients with schizophrenia.