bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evolvable Organic Electrochemical Transistor for Neuromorphic Applications
Authors: Gerasimov Jennifer Y. , Gabrielsson Roger , Forchheimer Robert , Stavrinidou Eleni , Simon Daniel T. , Berggren Magnus , Fabiano Simone 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn evolvable organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), operating in the hybrid accumulation–depletion mode is reported, which exhibits short‐term and long‐term memory functionalities. The transistor channel, formed by an electropolymerized conducting polymer, can be formed, modulated, and obliterated in situ and under operation. Enduring changes in channel conductance, analogous to long‐term potentiation and depression, are attained by electropolymerization and electrochemical overoxidation of the channel material, respectively. Transient changes in channel conductance, analogous to short‐term potentiation and depression, are accomplished by inducing nonequilibrium doping states within the transistor channel. By manipulating the input signal, the strength of the transistor response to a given stimulus can be modulated within a range that spans several orders of magnitude, producing behavior that is directly comparable to short‐ and long‐term neuroplasticity. The evolvable transistor is further incorporated into a simple circuit that mimics classical conditioning. It is forecasted that OECTs that can be physically and electronically modulated under operation will bring about a new paradigm of machine learning based on evolvable organic electronics.
Electron‐Beam‐Evaporated Nickel Oxide Hole Transport Layers for Perovskite‐Based Photovoltaics
Authors: Abzieher Tobias , Moghadamzadeh Somayeh , Schackmar Fabian , Eggers Helge , Sutterlüti Florian , Farooq Amjad , Kojda Danny , Habicht Klaus , Schmager Raphael , Mertens Adrian , Azmi Raheleh , Klohr Lukas , Schwenzer Jonas A. , Hetterich Michael , Lemmer Uli , Richards Bryce S. , Powalla Michael , Paetzold Ulrich W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHigh‐quality charge carrier transport materials are of key importance for stable and efficient perovskite‐based photovoltaics. This work reports on electron‐beam‐evaporated nickel oxide (NiOx) layers, resulting in stable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 18.5% when integrated into solar cells employing inkjet‐printed perovskite absorbers. By adding oxygen as a process gas and optimizing the layer thickness, transparent and efficient NiOx hole transport layers (HTLs) are fabricated, exhibiting an average absorptance of only 1%. The versatility of the material is demonstrated for different absorber compositions and deposition techniques. As another highlight of this work, all‐evaporated perovskite solar cells employing an inorganic NiOx HTL are presented, achieving stable PCEs of up to 15.4%. Along with good PCEs, devices with electron‐beam‐evaporated NiOx show improved stability under realistic operating conditions with negligible degradation after 40 h of maximum power point tracking at 75 °C. Additionally, a strong improvement in device stability under ultraviolet radiation is found if compared to conventional perovskite solar cell architectures employing other metal oxide charge transport layers (e.g., titanium dioxide). Finally, an all‐evaporated perovskite solar mini‐module with a NiOx HTL is presented, reaching a PCE of 12.4% on an active device area of 2.3 cm2.
2D Metal Organic Framework Nanosheet: A Universal Platform Promoting Highly Efficient Visible‐Light‐Induced Hydrogen Production
Authors: Ran Jingrun , Qu Jiangtao , Zhang Hongping , Wen Tian , Wang Hailong , Chen Shuangming , Song Li , Zhang Xuliang , Jing Liqiang , Zheng Rongkun , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: February 2019

Abstract2D metal organic frameworks (MOF) have received tremendous attention due to their organic–inorganic hybrid nature, large surface area, highly exposed active sites, and ultrathin thickness. However, the application of 2D MOF in light‐to‐hydrogen (H2) conversion is rarely reported. Here, a novel 2D MOF [Ni(phen)(oba)]n·0.5nH2O (phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline, oba = 4,4′‐oxybis(benzoate)) is for the first time employed as a general, high‐performance, and earth‐abundant platform to support CdS or Zn0.8Cd0.2S for achieving tremendously improved visible‐light‐induced H2‐production activity. Particularly, the CdS‐loaded 2D MOF exhibits an excellent H2‐production activity of 45 201 µmol h−1 g−1, even exceeding that of Pt‐loaded CdS by 185%. Advanced characterizations, e.g., synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption near edge structure, and theoretical calculations disclose that the interactive nature between 2D MOF and CdS, combined with the high surface area, abundant reactive centers, and favorable band structure of 2D MOFs, synergistically contribute to this distinguished photocatalytic performance. The work not only demonstrates that the earth‐abundant 2D MOF can serve as a versatile and effective platform supporting metal sulfides to boost their photocatalytic H2‐production performance without noble‐metal co‐catalysts, but also paves avenues to the design and synthesis of 2D‐MOF‐based heterostructures for catalysis and electronics applications.
A Desolvated Solid–Solid Interface for a High‐Capacitance Electric Double Layer
Authors: Wang Yu‐Zuo , Shan Xu‐Yi , Ma Li‐Po , Wang Jia‐Wei , Wang Da‐Wei , Peng Zhang‐Quan , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Li Feng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the electric double layer is essential for achieving efficient electrochemical energy storage technologies. A conventional solid–liquid electrode interface suffers from serious self‐discharge and a narrow voltage window, which makes the development of a solid–solid interface imperative. However, an in‐depth understanding of the electric double layer with a solid–solid interface is lacking. Here, a solid–solid interfacial electric double layer is proposed with excellent electrochemical performance. The solid layer is constructed by the electrochemical decomposition of lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate, which provides a desolvated environment for the establishment of a electric double layer. This makes a stronger interaction between the electrode surface and the ions. Based on this unique property, it is found that the solid–solid interfacial electric double layer has an increased capacitance, which suggests a way to develop high‐energy electrochemical capacitors.
Optimal coupling of waste and concentrated solar for the constant production of electricity over a year
Authors: de la Fuente Ester , Martín Mariano 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this article, a biogas‐based Brayton cycle is integrated with a concentrated solar power facility. The gas turbine hot flue gas and the molten salts are used to generate steam for the regenerative Rankine cycle. The process model is solved as a nonlinear optimization problem within a multiperiod scheme to decide on the contribution of the energy resources and the operating conditions of the facility to meet a certain demand of power over a year mitigating the absence of solar availability. The steam turbine is responsible for power production while the gas turbine works mainly as a combustion chamber. In the South of Spain, an excess of biogas is available during summer yielding a production cost of electricity of 0.17 €/kWh with an investment of 380 M€ for a production facility of 25 MW. This plant is not yet economic.
Epidemiology and trends of anaphylaxis in the United States, 2004‐2016
Authors: Chaaban Mohamad R. , Warren Zachary , Baillargeon Jacques G. , Baillargeon Gwen , Resto Vicente , Kuo Yong‐Fang 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundNo national study has examined the epidemiology of anaphylaxis after introduction of the codes of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10 CM). Our objective was to examine the trends in incidence and hospitalization rates in the United States utilizing ICD‐9 and ICD‐10 CM codes.MethodsWe used the Clinformatics database from 2004 to 2016. Our outcome measures included incidence of anaphylaxis and hospitalization trends. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the predictors of anaphylaxis and hospitalization.ResultsThere were a total of 462,906 anaphylaxis cases. The incidence increased from 153 in 2004 to 218 in 2016 (per 100,000). Women were 1.19 (95% confidence interval, 1.18‐1.20) times more likely to present with anaphylaxis. Medication‐induced anaphylaxis increased 15‐fold.ConclusionThis is the first population‐based study that included ICD‐10 CM codes to describe the epidemiology of anaphylaxis in the United States. ICD‐10 codes improved the accuracy of medication‐induced anaphylaxis, the most likely etiology to result in hospitalization.
Microwave ablation for the treatment of arterial epistaxis: “how I do it”
Authors: Lou Zheng‐Cai , Dong Yihan , Lou Zi‐Han 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundArterial epistaxis is commonly seen in the rhinology clinic and can have a significant impact on quality of life. Previous studies have explored various therapies to address epistaxis.MethodsPatients were treated in the outpatient clinic or operating room by microwave ablation (MWA) with a 2450‐MHz cooled‐shaft antenna to treat an epistaxis bleeding point.ResultsOf the 481 patients with arterial epistaxis, bleeding was controlled within 1 to 2 minutes and only 2 patients with recurrent bleeding required re‐ablation. The shape of the thermal lesion was elliptical and it was approximately 2 mm in length, 1 mm in width, and 0.5 to 1 mm in penetration depth. Of the 481 patients, 167 (34.7%) complained of minor nasal pain on the same day of ablation. No patients complained of nasal pain or obstruction during the follow‐up period. In addition, 139 (28.9%) patients showed a minor increase in rhinorrhea during the first postoperative week. Of the 481 patients, 469 (97.5%) were followed‐up at 6 months with no severe MWA‐related complications, such as septal perforation, synechiae formation, or orbit and brain complications.ConclusionMWA is a technically feasible alternative method for patients with arterial epistaxis.
Metal–Organic Frameworks with Target‐Specific Active Sites Switched by Photoresponsive Motifs: Efficient Adsorbents for Tailorable CO2 Capture
Authors: Jiang Yao , Tan Peng , Qi Shi‐Chao , Liu Xiao‐Qin , Yan Jia‐Hui , Fan Fan , Sun Lin‐Bing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhotoresponsive metal–organic frameworks (PMOFs) are of interest for tailorable CO2 adsorption. However, modulation of CO2 adsorption on PMOFs is based on steric hindrance or structural change owing to weak interactions between CO2 and active sites. It is challenging to fabricate PMOFs with strong but tailorable sites for CO2 adsorption. Now, the construction of PMOFs with target‐specific (strong) active sites is achieved by introducing tetraethylenepentamine into azobenzene‐functionalized MOFs for tailorable CO2 adsorption. Amines are specific active sites for CO2, contributing to capture CO2 selectively. Cis/trans isomerization of azobenzene motifs trigged by UV/Vis light adjusts the electrostatic potential of amines significantly, leading to exposure/shelter of amines and modulation of CO2 adsorption on strong active sites. This system enables us to design adsorption processes for CO2 capture from mixtures, which is impossible to realize by traditional PMOFs.
Primary Metabolites and Polyphenols in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars in China
Authors: Zhang Miao , Zheng Chang , Yang Mei , Zhou Qi , Li Wenlin , Liu Changsheng , Huang Fenghong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDefatted meals of 10 rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties were investigated for their total phenolic, phenolic acid (free, esterified, and insoluble‐bound forms), and tannin contents. The antioxidant capacities (AC) of methanol extracts from samples were assessed using the 2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•), Folin–Ciocalteu method and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and β‐carotene–linoleic acid tests. In the fraction of free phenolic acids, sinapic, caffeic, ferulic, syringic, gallic, and p‐coumaric acids were identified. In the fraction of esterified phenolic acids, sinapine, sinapoyl glucoside, and disinapoyl gentiobiose were identified. After basic hydrolysis, sinapic, ferulic, cinnamic, and 4‐hydroxybenzoic acids were identified, and sinapic acid (SA) constituted 98.3% to 99.6% of the total esterified phenolic acids. Eleven components (sinapic, protocatechuic, p‐coumaric, syringic, vanillic, gallic, caffeic, ferulic, salicylic, cinnamic, and 4‐hydroxybenzoic acids) in the fraction of insoluble‐bound phenolic acids were identified. The AC of the samples correlated with the total phenolic content. Overall, the total phenolics showed a better correlation with AC than the individual phenolic compounds. Moreover, SA, sinapoyl glucoside, and disinapoyl gentiobiose showed a highly significant and strong positive correlation with the AC of rapeseed meals, and the derivatives of cinnamic acid showed a higher correlation with AC than the derivatives of benzoic acid. The change in the canolol content in rapeseeds under microwave irradiation is discussed. The correlation of the canolol formed with SA and its derivatives is discussed.
Enhancement of Wear properties of a polyether ether ketone polymer by incorporation of carbon and glass fibers
Authors: Hamilton Stephanie , Muñoz‐Escalona Patricia 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTSome properties of polymers can be improved through the incorporation of carbon and glass fibers into the polymer matrix. In this research, the wear resistance of two polymer composites CF‐polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and GF‐PEEK were compared with the virgin PEEK. The wear resistance was assessed by Pin on Disk tests performed using a range of reinforced polymer pins tested against a steel disk. The influence of load, sliding velocity, counter‐surface hardness, and reinforcement concentration and type, on the specific wear rate was investigated. The materials were chosen to simulate the wear experienced between a polymeric anti‐extrusion ring and a steel sealing surface utilized within valves in the oil and gas industry. The average mass loss was recorded and an analysis of the variance (ANOVA) carried out to investigate the contribution of each parameter on specific wear rate. Results showed that weight percentage reinforcement and type of reinforcement material were primary contributors toward specific wear rate, with a contribution of ~70%. Secondary contributors were sliding speed (~14%) and load and steel hardness (~12%). Following the wear tests, residual stress measurements were conducted on polymer reinforced with carbon fiber. It was found that compressive residual stresses existed, and that their magnitude increased with increasing load. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47587.
Management of a highly unlikely native fish: The case of arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus from the Southern Alps
Authors: Tiberti Rocco , Splendiani Andrea 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

As a result of ancient introductions, some alien species are erroneously considered native. Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758) is hypothesized to have survived as a postglacial relic in the northern European Alps, although documented ancient introductions contradict its native status in a few mountain lakes from the southern Alps (Trentino Alto Adige, Italy). Regardless of its uncertain origin, its recent expansion across the southern Alps (introduced into >170, mainly originally fishless, high‐altitude lakes) was the result of management and alleged conservation actions.
The present study is a review of the origin of S. alpinus in the southern Alps, and of the appropriateness of management and conservation actions.
The autochthony of S. alpinus in this region is rejected by multiple lines of evidence and its presence is most likely the result of historical introductions. Only the origin of two populations occurring at lower altitude is uncertain, as they may be native.
Residual uncertainty makes it difficult to evaluate the conservation status and value of the Italian populations of S. alpinus, but it does not prevent the highlighting of several errors in the past and the present management of this species.
Past and present introductions have altered the original genetics of the ancient populations and have contributed to the invasion of montane aquatic habitats by modern domestic fish. Although it is now timely to consider the adverse ecological consequences of fish stocking, the many introductions of S. alpinus are associated with a misleading conservation rhetoric, providing ambiguous educational messages to people and relevant stakeholders, and probably diverting resources intended for biodiversity conservation.
A non‐intervention approach (i.e. not to stock or fish S. alpinus) would have been the wiser strategy to preserve ancient populations, their supposed conservation value, and their actual cultural value. Even now, this strategy is probably the best option, while planning definitive research.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Cyclic Borane‐Amidine Conjugated Molecules Formed by Direct 1,2‐Carboboration of Carbodiimides with 9‐Borafluorenes
Authors: Kashida Junki , Shoji Yoshiaki , Fukushima Takanori 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEfficient 1,2‐carboboration reactions to the C=N bond of carbodiimides with 9‐borafluorenes, which give rise to cyclic borane‐amidine conjugates with a seven‐membered BNC5 ring, are reported. The resulting cyclic borane‐amidine conjugates can be hydrolyzed into an acyclic bifunctional biaryl compound carrying both boronic acid and amidine groups, rendering the utility of the two‐step protocol for the synthesis of multi‐functionalized molecular systems with a potential as a supramolecular building block. Furthermore, the conjugated structure of the cyclic boron‐amidine compounds can be changed upon alkylation of the boron atom that increases the coordination number of boron. The combination of Lewis acid (borane) and conjugated base (amidine) provides rich structural diversity of heteroatom‐containing π‐conjugated systems.
A novel strategy to synthesize dual‐responsive polymeric nanocarriers for investigating the activity and stability of immobilized pectinase
Authors: Lei Lei , Liu Jiangtao , Ma Xiao , Yang Hong , Lei Zhongli 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA dual‐stimuli‐responsive support material for pectinase immobilization through ionic bonding was prepared. Specifically, polystyrene‐b‐polymethylacrylic (PS‐b‐PMAA), light‐ and pH‐sensitive polystyrene‐(5‐propargylether‐2‐nitrobenzyl bromoisobutyrate)‐b‐poly(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate‐b‐poly(polyethylene glycol methacrylate) (PS‐ONB‐PDEAEMA‐b‐PPEGMA) were synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization, click chemistry, and hydrolysis. The two parts could self‐assemble into the micelles in an aqueous solution. The micelles shrunk at a higher pH, and their size reduced under UV irradiation. The stimuli‐responsive properties of micelles were characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. It has been found that this support was able to adsorb 10 U/mL of immobilized pectinase (approximately 223 mg/g) at pH 5.0 and 60 °C for 60 Min. Meanwhile, the highest relative activity of immobilized pectinase was up to approximately 95% at pH 5.0 and 60 °C. The immobilized pectinase retained more than 50% of the initial activity after eight cycles. The relative activity of the pectinase immobilized on the supports without UV irradiation was approximately 3% lower than that after UV irradiation at 60 °C, indicating that tailoring of enzyme activity was achieved by changing environmental conditions. Apparently, the original enzymatic support material had a great application prospect on enzyme immobilization.
Overall cognitive profiles in patients with GLUT1 Deficiency Syndrome
Authors: De Giorgis Valentina , Masnada Silvia , Varesio Costanza , Chiappedi Matteo A. , Zanaboni Martina , Pasca Ludovica , Filippini Melissa , Macasaet Joyce A. , Valente Marialuisa , Ferraris Cinzia , Tagliabue Anna , Veggiotti Pierangelo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionGlucose Transporter Type I Deficiency Syndrome (GLUT1DS) classical symptoms are seizures, involuntary movements, and cognitive impairment but so far the literature has not devoted much attention to the last.MethodsIn our retrospective study involving 25 patients with established GLUT1DS diagnosis, we describe the cognitive impairment of these patients in detail and their response to the ketogenic diet in terms of cognitive improvement.ResultsWe outlined a specific cognitive profile where performance skills were more affected than verbal ones, with prominent deficiencies in visuospatial and visuomotor abilities. We demonstrated the efficacy of ketogenic diet (KD) on cognitive outcome, with particular improvement tin total and verbal IQ; we found that timing of KD introduction was inversely related to IQ outcome: the later the starting of KD, the lower the IQ, more notable nonverbal scale (verbal IQ correlation coefficient −0.634, p‐value = 0.015). We found a significant direct correlation between cognition and CSF/blood glucose ratio values: the higher the ratio, the better the cognitive improvement in response to diet (from T0–baseline evaluation to T1 on average 18 months after introduction of KD‐: TIQ correlation coefficient 0.592, p‐value = 0.26; VIQ correlation coefficient 0.555, p‐value = 0.039). Finally, we demonstrated that a longer duration of treatment is necessary to find an improvement in patients with “severely low ratio.”ConclusionOur results were consistent with the hypothesis that timing of the diet introduction is a predictive factor of cognitive outcome in these patients, confirming that earlier initiation of the diet may prevent the onset of all GLUT1DS symptoms: epilepsy, movement disorders, and cognitive impairment.
Role of postoperative radiotherapy in pT3N0 rectal cancer: A risk‐stratification system based on population analyses
Authors: Huang Yun‐xia , Lin Yan‐zong , Li Jin‐luan , Zhang Xue‐qing , Tang Li‐rui , Zhuang Qing‐yang , Lin Fei‐fei , Lin Xi‐jin , Wu Jun‐xin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe impact of adjuvant radiotherapy in pT3N0 rectal cancer is controversial. We aimed to determine the risk factors for cancer‐specific survival (CSS) among these patients and to develop a risk‐stratification system to identify which of these patients would benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy. In this review of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2010‐2014), we analyzed the data of pT3N0 rectal cancer patients who had not undergone neoadjuvant radiotherapy. Prognostic factors were identified using the Cox proportional hazards model, and risk scores were derived according to the β regression coefficient. A total of 1021 patients were identified from the database search. The overall 5‐year CSS was 86.31%. Multivariate analysis showed that age (P < 0.001), tumor differentiation (P = 0.044), number of nodes resected (P = 0.032), marital status (P = 0.005), and radiotherapy (P = 0.006) were independent prognostic factors for CSS. A risk‐stratification system composed of age, tumor differentiation, and number of nodes resected was generated. Low‐risk patients had better CSS than high‐risk patients (92.13% vs 72.55%, P < 0.001). The addition of radiotherapy to surgery doubled the CSS among the high‐risk patients (42.06% vs 91.26%, P = 0.001) but produced no survival benefit among the low‐risk patients (93.36% vs 96.38%, P = 0.182). Our risk‐stratification model based on age, tumor differentiation, and number of nodes resected predicted the outcomes of pT3N0 rectal cancer patients. This model could help identify patients who may benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy.