bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considerations for maximizing the adaptive potential of restored coral populations in the western Atlantic
Authors: Baums Iliana B. , Baker Andrew C. , Davies Sarah W. , Grottoli Andréa G. , Kenkel Carly D. , Kitchen Sheila A. , Kuffner Ilsa B. , LaJeunesse Todd C. , Matz Mikhail V. , Miller Margaret W. , Parkinson John E. , Shantz Andrew A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractActive coral restoration typically involves two interventions: crossing gametes to facilitate sexual larval propagation; and fragmenting, growing, and outplanting adult colonies to enhance asexual propagation. From an evolutionary perspective, the goal of these efforts is to establish self‐sustaining, sexually reproducing coral populations that have sufficient genetic and phenotypic variation to adapt to changing environments. Here, we provide concrete guidelines to help restoration practitioners meet this goal for most Caribbean species of interest. To enable the persistence of coral populations exposed to severe selection pressure from many stressors, a mixed provenance strategy is suggested: genetically unique colonies (genets) should be sourced both locally as well as from more distant, environmentally distinct sites. Sourcing three to four genets per reef along environmental gradients should be sufficient to capture a majority of intraspecies genetic diversity. It is best for practitioners to propagate genets with one or more phenotypic traits that are predicted to be valuable in the future, such as low partial mortality, high wound healing rate, high skeletal growth rate, bleaching resilience, infectious disease resilience, and high sexual reproductive output. Some effort should also be reserved for underperforming genets because colonies that grow poorly in nurseries sometimes thrive once returned to the reef and may harbor genetic variants with as yet unrecognized value. Outplants should be clustered in groups of four to six genets to enable successful fertilization upon maturation. Current evidence indicates that translocating genets among distant reefs is unlikely to be problematic from a population genetic perspective but will likely provide substantial adaptive benefits. Similarly, inbreeding depression is not a concern given that current practices only raise first‐generation offspring. Thus, proceeding with the proposed management strategies even in the absence of a detailed population genetic analysis of the focal species at sites targeted for restoration is the best course of action. These basic guidelines should help maximize the adaptive potential of reef‐building corals facing a rapidly changing environment.
The importance of simulation assumptions when evaluating detectability in population models
Authors: Monroe Adrian P. , Wann Gregory T. , Aldridge Cameron L. , Coates Peter S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPopulation monitoring is important for investigating a variety of ecological questions, and N‐mixture models are increasingly used to model population size (N) and trends (λ) while estimating detectability (p) from repeated counts within primary periods (when populations are closed to changes). Extending these models to dynamic processes with serial dependence across primary periods may relax the closure assumption, but simulations to evaluate models and inform effort (e.g., number of repeated counts) typically assume p is constant or random across sites and years. Thus, it is unknown how these models perform under scenarios where trends in p confound inferences on N and λ, and conclusions regarding effort may be overoptimistic. Here, we used global positioning system data from greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) to inform simulations of the detection process for lek counts of this species, and we created scenarios with and without linear annual trends in p. We then compared estimates of N and λ from hierarchical population models either fit with single maximum counts or with detectability estimated from repeated counts (dynamic N‐mixture models). We also explored using auxiliary data to correct counts for variation in detectability. Uncorrected count models consistently underestimated N by >50%, whereas N‐mixture models without auxiliary data underestimated N to a lesser degree due to unmodeled heterogeneity in p such as age. Nevertheless, estimates of λ from both types of models were unbiased and similar for scenarios without trends in p. When p declined systematically across years, uncorrected count models underestimated λ, whereas N‐mixture models estimated λ with little bias when all sites were counted repeatedly. Auxiliary data also reduced bias in parameter estimates. Evaluating population models using scenarios with systematic variation in p may better reveal potential biases and inform effort than simulations that assume p is constant or random. Dynamic N‐mixture models can distinguish between trends in p and N, but also require repeated counts within primary periods for accurate estimates. Auxiliary data may be useful when researchers lack repeated counts, wish to monitor more sites less intensively, or require unbiased estimates of N.
Carnivore space use shifts in response to seasonal resource availability
Authors: Svoboda Nathan J. , Belant Jerrold L. , Beyer Dean E. , Duquette Jared F. , Lederle Patrick E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEstimating spatial and temporal resource use and partitioning among carnivore species varies based on life history and is critical to understanding ecological relationships of sympatric carnivores and their prey. Temporal variation in food availability can have a substantial influence on distribution, foraging behavior, prey selection, and population dynamics of carnivores. We investigated shifts in space use of black bears (Ursus americanus), bobcats (Lynx rufus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and gray wolves (C. lupus) in response to seasonal availability of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns in Michigan,USA, May–August 2009–2011. We used generalized linear mixed models to identify whether probabilistic fawn space use resulted in shifts in carnivore space use from deer pre‐parturition (PPP, 1 May–24 May) to fawn limited mobility (LMP, 25 May–30 June) and social mobility (SMP, 1 July–31 August) periods. We developed a rule‐based algorithm to identify “clusters” of carnivoreGPSlocations and investigated carnivore clusters to identify fawn predation sites. Carnivores shifted space use among periods, but responses varied among species regarding fawn space use. Black bears selected against areas with greater fawn use duringLMPand selected areas with greater fawn use duringSMP. We suggest black bear space use was unrelated to fawn space use and reflected availability of vegetative forage. Bobcats selected areas with greater fawn use duringLMPandSMP. Coyotes were indifferent to areas where fawns occurred duringLMPbut selected against areas with greater fawn use duringSMP, likely foraging on alternative prey. Coyotes were spatially constrained by wolves, selecting against areas with greater wolf use duringLMPandSMP. Wolves selected against areas with greater fawn use duringLMPandSMPand selected areas near habitat edges and areas containing livestock carcasses. Carnivore responses to fawn white‐tailed deer distribution and vulnerability were congruent with life history strategies, resulting in space use shifts in response to temporarily abundant resources. Carnivores did not overall rely predominantly on fawns, likely shifting their space use to maximize intake of other seasonal resources. These events provide additional insight into life history strategies among co‐occurring species and dynamics of multi‐species predator–prey systems.
Palm community transects and soil properties in western Amazonia
Authors: Balslev Henrik , Kristiansen Søren M. , Muscarella Robert 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWestern Amazonia is a global biodiversity hotspot that encompasses extensive variation in geologic, climatic, and biotic features. Palms (Arecaceae) are among the most diverse and iconic groups of plants in the region with more than 150 species that exhibit extraordinary variation of geographical distributions, regional abundance patterns, and life history strategies and growth forms, and provide myriad ecosystem services. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary drivers that underpin palm distribution and abundance patterns may shed light on the evolution and ecology of the tropical forest biomes more generally. Edaphic conditions, in particular, are increasingly recognized as critical drivers of tropical plant diversity and distributions but data deficiencies inhibit our understanding of plant–soil relationships at broad scales, especially in the tropics. We present data from 546, 0.25‐ha (5 × 500 m) georeferenced transects located throughout western Amazonia where all individual palms were identified, counted, and assigned to a life‐history stage. Several environmental covariates were recorded along each transect and surface soil samples were collected from multiple points in N = 464 of transects. Altogether, the transects include 532,602 individuals belonging to 135 species. Variation among transects in terms of palm species richness and abundance is associated with major habitat types and soil properties. The soil properties including pH, acidity, all macronutrients for all samples, and texture, carbon, nitrogen, and micronutrients for some transects vary substantially across the study area, providing insight to broad‐scale variation of tropical surface soils. The data provided here will help advance our understanding of plant distributions and abundance patterns, and associations with soil conditions. No copyright restrictions are associated with this data set but please cite this paper if data are used for publication.
Initiation of ivabradine in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Chiu Michael H. , Howlett Jonathan G. , Sharma Nakul C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsIvabradine is a selective sinus node inhibitor indicated in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure on stable guideline‐recommended heart failure therapy including appropriate doses of beta‐blockers. The use in cardiogenic shock remains off label and has been considered a contraindication due to the theoretical risk of attenuating compensatory tachycardia. Tachycardia, especially in the context of inotropic therapy, may be deleterious, resulting in increased myocardial oxygen consumption and reduction in diastolic filling. As ivabradine does not have negative inotropic action, it may present a potential means to manage tachycardia in cardiogenic shock. We present a case series of four patients with cardiogenic shock started on ivabradine who were unable to tolerate beta‐blockers.Methods and resultsFive patients identified with cardiogenic shock defined as a severe reduction in cardiac index (<2.0 L/min/m2) and elevated filling pressures on inotropic therapy were started on ivabradine in patients with sinus tachycardia [heart rate (HR) >100] who were intolerant to beta‐blockers. Each patient had a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, echocardiogram, and coronary angiogram for determination of aetiology. Invasive haemodynamics via pulmonary artery catheterization were measured during initiation and titration of ivabradine (baseline, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after ivabradine administration) with continuous telemetry monitoring for any dysrhythmia or bradyarrhythmias. All patients tolerated ivabradine initiation, and at 24 h, an observed decrease in HR (106 ± 6.8 vs. 91.6 ± 6.4 b.p.m., P = 0.04), pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure (30.4 ± 4.8 vs. 24 ± 5.1 mmHg, P = 0.04), and right atrial pressure (16.8 ± 6.2 vs. 9 ± 4.3 mmHg, P = 0.0002). An improvement was observed in mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) (51 ± 8.8 vs. 64.8 ± 5.3%, P < 0.04), stroke volume (37.2 ± 7.6 vs. 49.2 ± 12.9 mL, P < 0.04), and right and left ventricular stroke work index (Table 1). No significant changes were observed with mean arterial pressure (73.4 ± 7.5 vs. 75.8 ± 5.0 mmHg, P = 0.81) and thermodilution‐derived cardiac index (1.7 ± 0.2 vs. 2.5 ± 0.7 L/min/m2, P = 0.58). Inotropic support was weaned successfully in three of five patients (88 ± 30 h) with subsequent titration of beta‐blocker therapy. Two patients improved clinically but ultimately required left ventricular assist device implantation. All patients were discharged alive from hospital at 17 ± 7.9 days following ivabradine initiation.ConclusionsIn our small non‐randomized series of patients in cardiogenic shock, ivabradine was safely used to reduce HR in patients previously intolerant of beta‐blockade. There are limited data surrounding the use of ivabradine in cardiogenic shock, and future studies should be undertaken to determine the optimal HR in humans with cardiogenic shock and whether systematic limitation of peak HR may improve outcomes.
Biogenic fabrication of iron nanoadsorbents from mixed waste biomass for aqueous phase removal of alizarin red S and tartrazine: Kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamic investigation
Authors: Gautam Pavan K. , Shivapriya Pingali M. , Banerjee Sushmita , Sahoo Amaresh K. , Samanta Sintu K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPresent work deals with the facile and ecologically viable production of iron nanoadsorbents by utilizing different waste plant biomass, orange peel, flower waste, and environmentally harmful Alligator weed. The as‐prepared nanoadsorbents were applied for the aqueous phase minimization of toxic dyes, alizarin red S and tartrazine. Different techniques, namely, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and magnetic properties measurement system, were applied to characterize the synthesized material. Impact of various experimental conditions like pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature on removal trend was examined. The acidic medium positively favored the process of sorption. Kinetic analysis revealed that the adsorption of both the dyes followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. Equilibrium sorption data were fitted better to Freundlich model as compared with Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities at 50°C were 42.58 and 68.78 mg g–1 for alizarin red S and tartrazine at pH 4.0 and 2.0, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters exhibited that the sorption of both the dyes onto nanoadsorbent was spontaneous and endothermic with increased randomness at the solid–liquid interface. Desorption experiment demonstrated that the regenerated adsorbent can be recycled efficiently up to three times. Overall, the prepared nanomaterials exhibit remarkable removal competency for both dyes tested like alizarin red S and tartrazine.
A simple parameter‐driven binary time series model
Authors: Lu Yang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe introduce a parameter‐driven, state‐space model for binary time series data. The model is based on a state process with a binomial‐beta dynamics, which has a Markov, endogenous switching regime representation. The model allows for recursive prediction and filtering formulas with extremely low computational cost, and hence avoids the use of computational intensive simulation‐based filtering algorithms. Case studies illustrate the advantage of our model over popular intensity‐based observation‐driven models, both in terms of fit and out‐of‐sample forecast.
Genome‐wide DNA methylation analysis of colorectal adenomas with and without recurrence reveals an association between cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine methylation and histological subtypes
Authors: Fiedler David , Hirsch Daniela , El Hajj Nady , Yang Howard H. , Hu Yue , Sticht Carsten , Nanda Indrajit , Belle Sebastian , Rueschoff Josef , Lee Maxwell P. , Ried Thomas , Haaf Thomas , Gaiser Timo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAberrant methylation of DNA is supposed to be a major and early driver of colonic adenoma development, which may result in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although gene methylation assays are used already for CRC screening, differential epigenetic alterations of recurring and nonrecurring colorectal adenomas have yet not been systematically investigated. Here, we collected a sample set of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded colorectal low‐grade adenomas (n = 72) consisting of primary adenomas without and with recurrence (n = 59), recurrent adenomas (n = 10), and normal mucosa specimens (n = 3). We aimed to unveil differentially methylated CpG positions (DMPs) across the methylome comparing not only primary adenomas without recurrence vs primary adenomas with recurrence but also primary adenomas vs recurrent adenomas using the Illumina Human Methylation 450K BeadChip array. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering exhibited a significant association of methylation patterns with histological adenoma subtypes. No significant DMPs were identified comparing primary adenomas with and without recurrence. Despite that, a total of 5094 DMPs (false discovery rate <0.05; fold change >10%) were identified in the comparisons of recurrent adenomas vs primary adenomas with recurrence (674; 98% hypermethylated), recurrent adenomas vs primary adenomas with and without recurrence (241; 99% hypermethylated) and colorectal adenomas vs normal mucosa (4179; 46% hypermethylated). DMPs in cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine (CpG) islands were frequently hypermethylated, whereas open sea‐ and shelf‐regions exhibited hypomethylation. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment of genes associated with the immune system, inflammatory processes, and cancer pathways. In conclusion, our methylation data could assist in establishing a more robust and reproducible histological adenoma classification, which is a prerequisite for improving surveillance guidelines.
Petrogenesis of Early Jurassic (ca. 181 Ma) dacitic–rhyolitic volcanic rocks in the Amdo ophiolite mélange, central Tibetan Plateau: Low‐pressure partial melts of Bangong–Nujiang Tethys oceanic crust?
Authors: Li Ming‐Jian , Zeng Yun‐Chuan , Xu Ji‐Feng , Huang Feng , Chen Qin 
Published: July 2019

The identification of oceanic‐crust–derived melts is critical to improving our understanding of oceanic lithosphere subduction in various geodynamic settings. However, low‐pressure melts derived from the oceanic crust can be misidentified because their compositions are often indistinguishable from those of typical arc‐related rocks. In this study, we report geochronological and geochemical data for the Amdo volcanic rocks in the central Tibetan Plateau. Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that they were generated in the Early Jurassic (ca. 181 Ma), simultaneous with spatially associated MORB‐like rocks of the Amdo ophiolite. The Amdo volcanic rocks are characterized by high SiO2 and Na2O concentrations, low MgO, K2O, and Fe2O3T concentrations, and low Mg# values. They are enriched in light rare earth and large‐ion lithophile elements, display negative Eu, Nb, and Ta anomalies, and yield low Sr (<360 ppm) and high Y (up to 57.6 ppm) concentrations with low Sr/Y ratios (<15.4). Whole‐rock Sr–Nd and zircon Hf isotopic compositions ((87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.7040–0.7058, εNd(t) = +3.9 to +6.8, and zircon εHf(t) = +13.9 to +17.9) are different from those of regional continental‐crust–derived granitoids but similar to those of contemporary MORB‐like rocks that occur in regional ophiolites. Furthermore, zircon from the Amdo volcanic rocks yields U/Yb ratios similar to those of oceanic zircon. These characteristics, combined with regional geological observations, indicate that the Amdo volcanic rocks are a component of the Amdo ophiolite mélange and represent low‐pressure partial melts of oceanic crust, generated during incipient northward subduction of the Bangong–Nujiang oceanic lithosphere beneath the Qiangtang terrane. Our study helps to constrain the history of the Bangong–Nujiang Ocean and provides a case study on the low‐pressure melting of oceanic crust.
Spontaneous remission of follicular lymphoma
Authors: Morigi Alice , Casadei Beatrice , Argnani Lisa , Cavo Michele , Zinzani Pier Luigi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFollicular lymphoma is an indolent B cells proliferative disorder that represents approximately 35% of all non‐Hodgkin lymphomas. Although spontaneous remission is uncommon in patients with low grade non‐Hodgkin lymphomas, some cases have been reported. We present a case of follicular lymphoma for which we have documented a spontaneous remission both with serial instrumental investigations and through histological biopsy of the bone marrow. The patient is still in remission after 2 years of follow‐up.The causes for a spontaneous remission are not known, and we can only hypothesize a possible reawakening of the host's immune response against the tumour.
The impact of out‐of‐pocket health expenditure on household impoverishment: Evidence from Morocco
Authors: Oudmane Meriem , Mourji Fouzi , Ezzrari Abdeljaouad 
Published: July 2019

SummaryHealth financing in Morocco relies mainly on out‐of‐pocket (OoP) payments. World Health Organization (WHO) has shown that these payments can expose households to catastrophic health expenditure (hereinafter CHE) and impoverish them. The study examines the financial burden of OoP health payments on Moroccan households. Two approaches—that developed by Wagstaff and Doeslear and the one advocated by WHO—are adopted to estimate the extent of CHE. These show that 1.77% of households incurred CHE at the 40% threshold for nonfood expenditure. At the 10% threshold for total consumption expenditure, 12.8% of households incurred CHE. We find that these OoP payments have made 1.11% of Moroccan households poorer. In analyzing the determinants of CHE, we estimated an ordered probit model. It appears that any of (a) hospitalization, (b) presence of an elderly person in the household, or (c) the level of poverty increases significantly the likelihood of health expenditure becoming catastrophic. On the other hand, we find that coverage by health insurance protects against CHE.
A comparative study on healthcare employee satisfaction between Japan and China
Authors: Gu Xiuzhu , Itoh Kenji 
Published: July 2019

SummaryObjectivesTo explore essential characteristics of healthcare employee satisfaction by comparing Japan and China in terms of job satisfaction model, satisfaction level, and the crucial factors predicting overall job satisfaction.MethodsA questionnaire was developed with 35 facet‐specific job‐related satisfaction and 10 general satisfaction items. The Japanese survey collected 474 responses (74% response rate). Two additional items were added in the Chinese survey and 429 responses were collected (69%).ResultsThe same five‐factor satisfaction model was acquired from both countries with an additional factor labelled “relationship with patients” for China. Applying these factors, a moderate satisfaction level was observed for all professional groups in China, whereas it varied in Japan. A moderate‐to‐high satisfaction was seen for physicians, a moderate level for pharmacists and technologists, and a low level for nurses. Japanese physicians were significantly more satisfied than Chinese physicians, whereas Japanese nurses were less satisfied than Chinese nurses. Both countries shared crucial predictors of overall job satisfaction that were reputation, growth and development, and work demands and workload. Additionally, financial rewards and relationship with patients were critically important for the Chinese.ConclusionsJapanese and Chinese healthcare employees shared the job satisfaction model with an extra factor for Chinese. Satisfaction levels were similar for pharmacists and technologists in the two countries, but largely different for physicians and nurses. Because crucial satisfaction factors differed, it is suggested that strategies to improve job satisfaction should be specific to culture and profession, eg, in Chinese hospitals, management should support more to employees especially physicians for dealing with conflicts and medical disputes with patients.