bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative analysis on the determinants of legitimacy ofsukuk
Authors: Ahmed Essia Ries , Islam Md Aminul , Alabdullah Tariq Tawfeeq Yousif , Amran Azlan Bin 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the influence of the determinants (pricing, type of structure,Shariahauditing,Shariahrisk andShariahdocumentation) and thesukuklegitimacy among Islamic financial institutions using a qualitative approach. The paper further explained the significance of the determinants on legitimacy, evaluated the relationship betweensukukcharacteristics andsukuklegitimacy and examined the moderating effect ofShariahSupervisory Board (SSB) on the relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a purposive sampling technique to select the target respondents required for the survey (semi-structured interview). This technique is applied by selecting members of SSBs among Islamic financial institutions. A total number of ten members are selected as the sample size for the study based on their experience and basic knowledge of Fiqh Al-Mua’malat and its application in Islamic financial institutions.FindingsThe findings revealed that the determinants have a significant impact on thesukuklegitimacy, meaning that there is a positive and significant relationship between the determinants and thesukuklegitimacy. In addition, this study indicates the empirical evidence of the moderating effect of SSB on the relationship between the determinants and thesukuklegitimacy.Practical implicationsThis study has added to the literature by examining the determinants ofsukuklegitimacy while evaluating the moderating effect of SSB on the relationship. Besides, this might add benefits to the numerous Islamic financial institutions relating to the amendment of its regulatory frameworks with the view to pushing thesukukmarket investors to move toward asset-backed structure. In addition, the SSB in central banks must also focus its attention regarding thesukuklegitimacy and its application among the various Islamic financial institutions.Originality/valueThis study has added a new discussion to the body of knowledge, i.e. examining thesukuklegitimacy and its relationship withsukukdeterminants; hence, an approach that is not widely discussed in the previous studies. Furthermore, conducting such research in the field of Islamic finance provides novelty in the literature among both emerging and developed economies including Malaysia. This is because to the best knowledge of the researchers, there was no empirical study (within the literature) that combined these variables and evaluated their empirical significance. Accordingly, this would enlighten the Islamic Ummah and propel the society’s intensity toward contributing to knowledge and might further provide clarification on the determinants and thesukuklegitimacy to prospective scholars, precisely on the moderating effect of SSB on the relationship between determinants and legitimacy ofsukuk.
Enhancing the role of Baitul Maal in giving Qardhul Hassan financing to the poor at the bottom of the economic pyramid
Authors: Wulandari Permata 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Baitul Maal wa Tamwil (BMT) is an Islamic microfinance institution created by combining the functionality of Baitul Maal and Baitul Tamwil in Indonesia. While Baitul Maal plays the role of an institution that collects funds from zakah, cash waqf, infaq and sadakah, Baitul Tamwil then distributes these funds in the form of Qardhul Hassan financing to the poor at the bottom of the economic pyramid (BOP). This study aims to explain the poverty alleviation effort by BMT regarding its role in providing Qardhul Hassan financing to the people at the BOP and provide practical suggestions to maximize the outreach performance of the BMT.

Design/methodology/approach
In this methodology, the study adopts the qualitative analysis of reviewing the literature and interviewing the BMT staff in Jakarta, Makassar and Nusa Tenggara Barat areas to present the views of the practitioners related to the role of Baitul Maal in giving Qardhul Hassan financing to the people at the BOP using appreciative intelligence framework.

Findings
The study finds that BMT in Indonesia needs several stage-specific structures and roles to be effective. In particular, there is a need to separate the function of Baitul Maal from Baitul Tamwil to enhance its role when giving Qardhul Hassan financing to the people at the BOP. The role of Baitul Maal in alleviating the poverty figure is also drawn in this study.

Originality/value
The findings of this study add to the literature on Baitul Maal by enabling researchers and practitioners to appreciate the role of Baitul Maal, and these findings also contribute towards enriching the knowledge in Baitul Maal and financing requirements of the poor at the BOP. This paper also contributes to the field of Islamic accounting which is currently getting prominent.
Comparative analysis of Shari’ah-compliant portfolios: evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Shaikh Salman Ahmed , Ismail Mohd Adib , Ismail Abdul Ghafar , Shahimi Shahida , Mohd. Shafiai Muhammad Hakimi 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
This study aims to comparatively analyze the performance of Islamic and conventional income and equity funds using various performance evaluation methods.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors comparatively analyze the performance of mutual funds using measures, such as tracking error, Sharpe ratio (1966), Treynor ratio (1965), M-square measure by Modigliani and Modigliani (1997) and information ratio. The authors also use market timing and selection measures, such as Treynor and Mazuy model (1966), Henriksson and Merton (1981) model and Fama’s decomposition approach (1973).

Findings
The authors find that Islamic equity funds are as much competitive as conventional equity funds. All Islamic equity funds have positive Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio and net selectivity measure. Islamic equity funds are slightly less risky in general. Islamic equity and income funds generally have positive Jensen's Alpha and a positive market timing ability. However, the authors find that Islamic income funds generally underperform the market due to less Shari’ah-compliant investment class assets in the market.

Practical implications
It will help the industry players to assess their strategic positioning with regard to the commercial competitiveness of Islamic investments.

Originality/value
The authors take considerably large sample of 60 funds in Pakistan as compared to previous studies and also cover recent period (2006-16). For income funds, the authors construct an original benchmark index based on price and dividend data and use that in performance assessment.
Same design, same response? Investigating natural designs in international logos
Authors: Torres Anna , César Machado Joana , Vacas de Carvalho Leonor , van de Velden Michel , Costa Patrício 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the commonalities and asymmetries between consumer responses to different types of natural designs across countries.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were gathered through a survey in three European countries ranking differently in what concerns Hofstede’s (1981) uncertainty avoidance dimension (UAD). Respondents can vary strongly in the way they interpret and use rating scales, exhibiting a variety of response styles. In the analysis of consumers’ preferences for logo design, this article apply constrained dual scaling (CDS) to account for response styles in categorical data.

Findings
Results demonstrate the broad appeal of natural logo designs, suggesting that design preferences are similar within countries with different cultural orientations. However, findings indicate that cultural dimensions influence how consumers respond to different types of natural logo designs. Indeed, the positive effects of organic designs are even more salient in countries with higher UAD. Thus, when managers prepare to launch their brands in countries that exhibit more discomfort with uncertainty, they should consider incorporating organic visual identity elements into their logos to achieve the maximum positive affect.

Originality/value
Companies invest extensive time, research and money in generating, promoting and modifying their logos. This paper provides important implications for international brand managers aiming to build a consistent and favorable brand image. From a methodological perspective, the results come from the analysis of clean data – that is, data after applying CDS, which increases the validity of the cross-country comparison.
Environmental sustainability of construction practices in informal settlements
Authors: Ndlangamandla Musawenkosi Gcinumuzi , Combrinck Carin 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Construction practices used in the development of self-help housing and upgrade of informal settlements are believed to have negative effects on the natural environment. The purpose of this paper is to examine this idea by conducting a study on purposely selected informal settlements located in Mbabane, Kingdom of Eswatini, to determine the environmental sustainability of construction practices used in these areas and to offer an approach that can mitigate the environmental degradation witnessed in informal settlements.

Design/methodology/approach
The study comprised of three major components – literature review, situational analysis and research output. A literature review informed the extent of the problem and served to identify categories of assessment. A situational analysis of construction practices in informal settlements was done through the use of a structured checklist tool. Pattern matching was used as an analysis to evaluate the environmental sustainability of the identified construction practices.

Findings
Empirical results indicate a lack of environmental sustainability in the identified construction practices used. The challenges identified included the wrong choice of building material, inefficiency in energy use, a threat to biodiversity, poor planning and a lack of construction control measures. The research output was a framework encouraging affordable, sustainable and regenerative construction practices believed to be a viable solution to the environmental challenges within informal settlements. It was concluded that current construction practices used within informal settlements lead to negative environmental effects.

Originality/value
The framework offered in this study is believed to mitigate the negative effects on the natural environment in informal settlements.
Mechanisms of U46619‐induced contraction in mouse intrarenal artery
Authors: Yan Hong , Zhang Meng‐Zhen , Wong Gordon , Liu Lin , Kwok Yat Sze (Shelia) , Kuang Su‐Juan , Yang Hui , Rao Fang , Li Xin , Mai Li‐Ping , Lin Qiu‐Xiong , Yang Min , Zhang Qian‐Huan , Deng Chun‐Yu 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThromboxane A2 (TXA2) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular complications, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The contraction of renal arterial rings in mice was measured by a Multi Myograph System. The intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was obtained by using a fluo‐4/AM dye and a confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results show that the U46619‐induced vasoconstriction of renal artery was completely blocked by a TXA2 receptor antagonist GR32191, significantly inhibited by a selective phospholipase C (PI‐PLC) inhibitor U73122 at 10 μmol/L and partially inhibited by a Phosphatidylcholine ‐ specific phospholipase C (PC‐PLC) inhibitor D609 at 50 μmol/L. Moreover, the U46619‐induced vasoconstriction was inhibited by a general protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor chelerythrine at 10 μmol/L, and a selective PKCδ inhibitor rottlerin at 10 μmol/L. In addition, the PKC‐induced vasoconstriction was partially inhibited by a Rho‐kinase inhibitor Y‐27632 at 10 μmol/L and was further completely inhibited together with a putative IP3 receptor antagonist and store‐operated Ca2+ (SOC) entry inhibitor 2‐APB at 100 μmol/L. On the other hand, U46619‐induced vasoconstriction was partially inhibited by L‐type calcium channel (Cav1.2) inhibitor nifedipine at 1 μmol/L and 2‐APB at 50 and 100 μmol/L. Last, U46619‐induced vasoconstriction was partially inhibited by a cell membrane Ca2+ activated C1− channel blocker 5‐Nitro‐2‐(3‐phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) at 50 and 100 μmol/L. Our results suggest that the U46619‐induced contraction of mouse intrarenal arteries is mediated by Cav1.2 and SOC channel, through the activation of thromboxane‐prostanoid receptors and its downstream signaling pathway.
Non‐IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity induced by multivitamins containing Tween‐80
Authors: Mi Yan‐Ni , Yan Ping‐Ping , Yu Rui‐Hong , Xiao Xue , Wang Jin , Cao Lei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMultivitamins have been widely used for years. Adverse reactions, especially hypersensitivity, to multivitamins are becoming noteworthy. However, the classification of hypersensitivity is confusing, and the trigger is unknown. Multivitamins consist of two vials labelled vial 1 containing Tween‐80 and vial 2. Multivitamins without Tween‐80 were used as a contrast. Behaviouristics, histamine, IgE, and blood pressure of beagle dogs and guinea‐pigs were investigated by observation, ELISA and sphygmomanometer, and degranulation and apoptotic of RBL‐2H3 cells were assayed by spectrophotometry and flow cytometry. The results showed that dogs suffered from multiorgan anaphylactoid symptoms, and dramatically decreased blood pressure, and high plasma concentrations of histamine after the first administration of multivitamins and multivitamins vial 1, which contains Tween‐80, compared to the control, multivitamins vial 2 or multivitamins without Tween‐80. In anaphylaxis assay, guinea‐pigs did not display any anaphylaxis symptoms and there were no changes in plasma histamine and IgE concentrations in the multivitamins and multivitamins vial 1 groups or in the multivitamins vial 2 and multivitamins without Tween‐80 groups except ovalbumin. Compared to the control, the release of β‐hexosaminidase and histamine, and the apoptosis of non‐antigen‐sensitized RBL‐2H3 cells significantly increased in the Tween‐80 and multivitamins and multivitamins vial 1 groups in a concentration‐dependent manner. However, there was no alteration in multivitamins vial 2 and multivitamins without Tween‐80 groups. The results indicate that the hypersensitivity induced by multivitamins may be anaphylactoid reaction, but not anaphylaxis. Multivitamin‐induced release of inflammatory factors is triggered by Tween‐80 through a non‐IgE‐mediated pathway.
State of Confusion: Economic Policy Uncertainty and International Trade and Investment
Authors: Kirchner Stephen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUncertainty about economic policy in Australia and the United States has increased episodically since the Global Financial Crisis. Existing research focuses on the effects on economic activity, employment and investment. I extend this work to examine the effect of policy uncertainty on global trade volumes, industrial production and cross‐border trade and investment for Australia and the United States. Australia's relative resilience to policy uncertainty shocks reflects a larger role for the exchange rate in intermediating foreign shocks and the absence of a recession in Australia during the sample period considered.
Do Rating Agencies Benefit from Providing Higher Ratings? Evidence from the Consequences of Municipal Bond Ratings Recalibration
Authors: BEATTY ANNE , GILLETTE JACQUELYN , PETACCHI REINING , WEBER JOSEPH 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWe ask whether credit rating agencies receive higher fees and gain greater market share when they provide more favorable ratings. To investigate this question, we use the 2010 rating scale recalibration by Moody's and Fitch, which increased ratings absent any underlying change in issuer credit quality. Consistent with prior research, we find that the recalibration allowed the clients of Moody's and Fitch to receive better ratings and lower yields. We add to this evidence by showing that the recalibration also led to larger fees and to increases in the market shares of Moody's and Fitch. These results are consistent with critics’ concerns about the effects of the issuer‐pay model on the credit ratings market.
Assessing dangerousness in policing
Authors: White Michael D. , Dario Lisa M. , Shjarback John A. 
Published: March 2019

Research SummaryA robust body of research findings has established that policing is a dangerous profession. Few scholars, however, have investigated the full picture of the hazards in policing, which includes deaths occurring in both felonious and nonfelonious circumstances. In this study, we examine nearly 50 years of all police officer line‐of‐duty deaths (1970–2016) using data from the Officer Down Memorial Page. We focus on long‐term trends in felonious and nonfelonious deaths annually, as well as on trends in incident‐level characteristics. We also employ interrupted time‐series analysis (ARIMA) to test the “war on cops” thesis post–Ferguson.Policy ImplicationsThe number of line‐of‐duty deaths has declined dramatically over the last five decades. Policing is a much safer profession now than it was 50 years ago. Despite a 75% drop in deaths, however, there has been remarkable stability in geographic‐, temporal‐, and incident‐level characteristics. Also, several notable changes over time reflect favorably on improved safety in policing, such as declines in deaths resulting from aircraft crashes and accidental gunfire. Other trends are troubling, though, such as the stability in deaths during auto pursuits and a two‐fold increase in deaths from vehicular assaults. Currently, the “war on cops” thesis is not supported by any evidence, and we apply the 50‐year lens in this study to provide important context for understanding recent trends in officer deaths.
Relation Between Oppositional/Conduct Behaviors and Executive Function Among Youth with Histories of Heavy Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Authors: Doyle Lauren R. , Glass Leila , Wozniak Jeffrey R. , Kable Julie A. , Riley Edward P. , Coles Claire D. , Sowell Elizabeth R. , Jones Kenneth Lyons , Mattson Sarah N. ,   the CIFASD
Published: March 2019

BackgroundYouth with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure have high rates of behavioral concerns and psychopathology, including increased oppositional and conduct behaviors. The relation between those concerns and executive function (EF) deficits is unknown. We investigated the association of oppositional and conduct behavior and EF in adolescents to inform targeted intervention.MethodsSubjects (N = 267) ages 10 to 17 years comprised 3 groups: alcohol‐exposed with oppositional/conduct behaviors (AE+), alcohol‐exposed without oppositional/conduct behaviors (AE−), and controls (CON). Group differences on direct neuropsychological (Delis‐Kaplan Executive Function System [D‐KEFS]) and indirect parent‐report (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function [BRIEF]) EF measures were tested with multivariate analysis of covariances, followed by univariate analysis of variances and pairwise comparisons. The contribution of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) within the AE groups was assessed in secondary analyses.ResultsOn the D‐KEFS, there was an omnibus main effect of group, with significant main effects on 3 of 6 variables (CON>AE+, AE−). Within the AE groups, ADHD did not alter the results. On the BRIEF, there was an omnibus significant main effect of group, with significant main effects on all scales (CON<AE−<AE+). Within the AE groups, the AE+ group had higher BRIEF scores (i.e., more difficulty) than the AE− group on 4 of 8 subscales when accounting for presence of ADHD.ConclusionsEF deficits in youth with histories of prenatal alcohol exposure were confirmed using direct and indirect measures. Oppositional/conduct behaviors related to EF deficits on indirect but not direct EF measures. Greater understanding of the contribution of concurrent psychopathology to long‐term outcomes for alcohol‐exposed youth requires further investigation.
Aberrant insular cortex connectivity in abstinent alcohol‐dependent rats is reversed by dopamine D3 receptor blockade
Authors: Scuppa Giulia , Tambalo Stefano , Pfarr Simone , Sommer Wolfgang H. , Bifone Angelo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA few studies have reported aberrant functional connectivity in alcoholic patients, but the specific neural circuits involved remain unknown. Moreover, it is unclear whether these alterations can be reversed upon treatment. Here, we used functional MRI to study resting state connectivity in rats following chronic intermittent exposure to ethanol. Further, we evaluated the effects of SB‐277011‐a, a selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist, known to decrease ethanol consumption. Alcohol‐dependent and control rats (N = 13/14 per group), 3 weeks into abstinence, were administered SB‐277011‐a or vehicle before fMRI sessions. Resting state connectivity networks were extracted by independent component analysis. A dual‐regression analysis was performed using independent component maps as spatial regressors, and the effects of alcohol history and treatment on connectivity were assessed. A history of alcohol dependence caused widespread reduction of the internal coherence of components. Weaker correlation was also found between the insula cortex (IC) and cingulate cortices, key constituents of the salience network. Similarly, reduced connectivity was observed between a component comprising the anterior insular cortex, together with the caudate putamen (CPu‐AntIns), and the posterior part of the IC. On the other hand, postdependent rats showed strengthened connectivity between salience and reward networks. In particular, higher connectivity was observed between insula and nucleus accumbens, between the ventral tegmental area and the cingulate cortex and between the VTA and CPu‐AntIns. Interestingly, aberrant connectivity in postdependent rats was partially restored by acute administration of SB‐277011‐a, which, conversely, had no significant effects in naïve rats.
Spatial dynamic analysis of productivity growth of agri‐food companies
Authors: Martínez‐Victoria MCarmen , Maté‐Sánchez‐Val Mariluz , Lansink Alfons Oude 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study analyzes the spatial dynamics in productivity growth and its components for a sample of agri‐food companies in Murcia (Spain) over the period 2005–2014. We find that productivity growth of a company is related to productivity growth of neighboring companies, in both the short and long term. The marginal effects of the different factors on productivity growth are stronger in the short run rather than in the long run. Land characteristics and economic territorial conditions have the largest marginal effect on productivity growth and its components. This study contributes to the existing literature by including spatial interactions in the analysis of productivity growth.