bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteolysis mediated by the membrane‐integrated ATP‐dependent protease FtsH has a unique nonlinear dependence on ATP hydrolysis rates
Authors: Yang Yiqing , Gunasekara Mihiravi , Muhammednazaar Shaima , Li Zhen , Hong Heedeok 
Published: April 2019

AbstractATPases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA+) proteases utilize ATP hydrolysis to actively unfold native or misfolded proteins and translocate them into a protease chamber for degradation. This basic mechanism yields diverse cellular consequences, including the removal of misfolded proteins, control of regulatory circuits, and remodeling of protein conformation. Among various bacterial AAA+ proteases, FtsH is only membrane‐integrated and plays a key role in membrane protein quality control. Previously, we have shown that FtsH has substantial unfoldase activity for degrading membrane proteins overcoming a dual energetic burden of substrate unfolding and membrane dislocation. Here, we asked how efficiently FtsH utilizes ATP hydrolysis to degrade membrane proteins. To answer this question, we measured degradation rates of the model membrane substrate GlpG at various ATP hydrolysis rates in the lipid bilayers. We find that the dependence of degradation rates on ATP hydrolysis rates is highly nonlinear: (i) FtsH cannot degrade GlpG until it reaches a threshold ATP hydrolysis rate; (ii) after exceeding the threshold, the degradation rates steeply increase and saturate at the ATP hydrolysis rates far below the maxima. During the steep increase, FtsH efficiently utilizes ATP hydrolysis for degradation, consuming only 40–60% of the total ATP cost measured at the maximal ATP hydrolysis rates. This behavior does not fundamentally change against water‐soluble substrates as well as upon addition of the macromolecular crowding agent Ficoll 70. The Hill analysis shows that the nonlinearity stems from coupling of three to five ATP hydrolysis events to degradation, which represents unique cooperativity compared to other AAA+ proteases including ClpXP, HslUV, Lon, and proteasomes.
A Kaluza–Klein Approach to Double and Exceptional Field Theory
Authors: Berman David S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe examine the challenge of viewing all the fields in supergravity as arising from a Kaluza–Klein like dimensional reduction of some higher‐dimensional theory. This gives rise to what is known as exceptional field theory or double field theory. A particular emphasis is placed on following the Kaluza–Klein intuition leading to the identification of charged states and a reinterpretation of the central charges. We further give a description of the novel extended geometry as a generalised phase space and the relationship to string and M‐theory theory and the notion of quantization.
Coloring Operads for Algebraic Field Theory
Authors: Bruinsma Simen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn these proceedings we summarize previous work where we formalize a general concept of algebraic field theories using operads. After giving a gentle reminder of algebraic quantum field theory, operads and their algebras, we construct field theory operads, whose algebras are exactly algebraic field theories. Specifically, they satisfy a suitable version of the Einstein causality axiom. From this construction we get adjunctions between different types of field theories, including adjunctions related to local‐to‐global extensions and the time‐slice axiom, and a quantization functor for linear field theories that is compatible with these structures. We also take first steps towards a derived linear quantization functor.
Rapid profiling of triglycerides in human breast milk using liquid extraction surface analysis Fourier transform mass spectrometry reveals new very long chain fatty acids and differences within individuals
Authors: Koulman Albert , Furse Samuel , Baumert Mark , Goldberg Gail , Bluck Les 
Published: April 2019

RationaleWe describe a novel method for preparing milk samples and profiling their triglyceride (TG) fractions. This method was used to explore how the TG profile of milk modulates as lactation progresses and how the TG profile differs between breasts.MethodsFresh milk was spotted onto Whatman filter paper and air‐dried. Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis coupled to Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (LESA‐MS) was adapted for molecular profiling. Collision‐Induced Dissociation (CID) was used to profile fatty acid residues.ResultsLESA‐MS produced the relative abundances of all isobaric TGs described and showed that mammary glands within one individual can produce a different profile of TGs. CID was used to uncover the configuration of isobaric triglycerides, indicating the relative amounts of the fatty acids contributing to that triglyceride's mass. This also indicated the presence of very long chain fatty acids (C26:0 and C26:1) that have not been reported before in human breast milk.ConclusionsWe conclude that spotting on paper and the use of LESA‐MS and CID on milk spots is not only a means for analysing milk in unprecedented detail for this preparation time, but is also amenable to conditions in which collecting and storing fresh milk samples for detailed profiling is prohibitively difficult.
An economic model of strategic entrepreneurship
Authors: Westgren Randall , Wuebker Robert 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryHow do new entrants create and capture value in established industries? Starting from the foundations of neoclassical economics, we model entrepreneurial entry and competition as occurring simultaneously in production technology space and product attribute space. Our model's central feature is to disaggregate entrepreneurial rents into four components: arbitrage, innovation, organization, and uncertainty‐bearing. This permits us to model the nature of value creation from a common analytical platform, and to measure value capture as a set of distinct rent streams available to multiple stakeholders over time.Managerial SummaryAlthough there is broad consensus that the essence of entrepreneurship is the creation and capture of new value, both scholars and practitioners have struggled to connect this basic exhortation to the entrepreneurial process. This paper argues that returns to entrepreneurial action can be generated through four main mechanisms: innovation, uncertainty‐bearing, new business models, or inter‐industry arbitrage—either uniquely, or in combination. Examining these mechanisms for value creation together reveals implications for how best to organize and manage the entrepreneurial process so that that returns to entrepreneurial action can be appropriated equitably.
Developing applications in large scale, dynamic fog computing: A case study
Authors: Giang Nam Ky , Lea Rodger , Leung Victor C.M. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryIn recent years, fog computing has emerged as a new distributed system model for a large class of applications that are data‐intensive or delay‐sensitive. By exploiting widely distributed computing infrastructure that is located closer to the network edge, communication cost and service response time can be significantly reduced. However, developing this class of applications is not straightforward and requires addressing three key challenges, ie, supporting the dynamic nature of the edge network, managing the context‐dependent characteristics of application logic, and dealing with the large scale of the system. In this paper, we present a case study in building fog computing applications using our open source platform Distributed Node‐RED (DNR). In particular, we show how applications can be decomposed and deployed to a geographically distributed infrastructure using DNR, and how existing software components can be adapted and reused to participate in fog applications. We present a lab‐based implementation of a fog application built using DNR that addresses the first two of the issues highlighted earlier. To validate that our approach also deals with large scale, we augment our live trial with a large scale simulation of the application model, conducted in Omnet++, which shows the scalability of the model and how it supports the dynamic nature of fog applications.
Cost‐effectiveness of five prenatal screening strategies for trisomies and other unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities: model‐based analysis
Authors: Le Bras A. , Salomon L. J. , Bussières L. , Malan V. , Elie C. , Mahallati H. , Ville Y. , Vekemans M. , Durand‐Zaleski I. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of five prenatal screening strategies for trisomies (13/18/21) and other unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities (UBCA), following the introduction of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) analysis.MethodsA model‐based cost‐effectiveness analysis was performed to estimate prevalence, safety, screening‐program costs and healthcare costs of five different prenatal screening strategies, using a virtual cohort of 652 653 pregnant women in France. Data were derived from the French Biomedicine Agency and published articles. Uncertainty was addressed using one‐way sensitivity analysis. The five strategies compared were: (i) cfDNA testing for women with a risk following first‐trimester screening of ≥ 1/250; (ii) cfDNA testing for women with a risk of ≥ 1/1000 (currently recommended); (iii) cfDNA testing in the general population (regardless of risk); (iv) invasive testing for women with a risk of ≥ 1/250 (historical strategy); and (v) invasive testing for women with a risk of ≥ 1/1000.ResultsIn our virtual population, at similar risk thresholds, cfDNA testing compared with invasive testing was cheaper but less effective. Compared with the historical strategy, cfDNA testing at the ≥ 1/1000 risk threshold was a more expensive strategy that detected 158 additional trisomies, but also 175 fewer other UBCA. Implementation of cfDNA testing in the general population would give an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of €9 166 689 per additional anomaly detected compared with the historical strategy.ConclusionExtending cfDNA to lower risk thresholds or even to all pregnancies would detect more trisomies, but at greater expense and with lower detection rate of other UBCA, compared with the historical strategy. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Neutrino masses in a two Higgs doublet model with a U(1) gauge symmetry
Authors: Camargo Daniel A. , Dias Alex G. , de Melo Téssio B. , Queiroz Farinaldo S. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
General Two Higgs Doublet Models (2HDM) are popular Standard Model extensions but feature flavor changing interactions and lack neutrino masses. We discuss a 2HDM where neutrino masses are generated via type I seesaw and propose an extension where neutrino masses are generated via a type II seesaw mechanism with flavor changing interactions being absent via the presence of a U(1) gauge symmetry. After considering a variety of bounds such as those rising from collider and electroweak precision we show that our proposal stands as a UV complete 2HDM with a dark photon where neutrino masses and flavor changing interactions are addressed. A possible dark matter realization is also discussed.
Home healthcare routing and scheduling of multiple nurses in a dynamic environment
Authors: Demirbilek Mustafa , Branke Juergen , Strauss Arne K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHuman resource planning in home healthcare is gaining importance day by day since companies in developed and developing countries face serious nurse and caregiver shortages. In the problem considered in this paper, the decision of patient assignment must be made immediately when the patient request arrives. Once patients have been accepted, they are serviced at the same days, times and by same nurse during their episode of care. The objective is to maximise the number of patient visits for a set of nurses during the planning horizon. We propose a new heuristic based on generating several scenarios which include current schedules of nurses, the new request under consideration, as well as randomly generated future requests to solve three decision problems: first, do we accept the patient? If so, which nurse services the patient? Finally, which days and times are weekly visits of the patient assigned to? We compare our approach with a greedy heuristic from the literature by considering some real-life aspects such as clustered service areas and skill requirements, and empirically demonstrate that it achieves significantly higher average daily visits and shorter travel times compared to the greedy method.
Detection of anxiety symptoms in persons with dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Goodarzi Zahra , Samii Leyla , Azeem Feeha , Sekhon Ramnik , Crites Stephanie , Pringsheim Tamara , Smith Eric E. , Ismail Zahinoor , Holroyd‐Leduc Jayna 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionAnxiety is a common symptom for those experiencing dementia and is associated with worse outcomes. The aim of the study was to examine which anxiety tools have been validated compared with a gold standard diagnostic criterion in persons with dementia.MethodsWe completed a systematic review of the literature, which was registered a priori with PROSPERO (CRD42016042123). Three databases were searched, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO, as well as the gray literature. Abstracts and full text were searched in duplicate for inclusion. Risk of bias was assessed in duplicate.ResultsWe identified 9626 citations from all sources after duplicates were removed. Many excluded studies used tools for anxiety, for which no diagnostic accuracy study was identified. Four articles were included in the final synthesis. Included articles had between 32 to 101 participants with mild to moderate dementia. The gold standard criteria focused on either generalized anxiety or all anxiety subtypes. The prevalence of anxiety was between 27.7% and 63.4%. Three tools were examined, the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, and the Rating Anxiety in Dementia (RAID) scale. Sensitivity varied but was the highest in the RAID at 90% and lowest in the self‐rated version of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (58%).DiscussionGiven how burdensome the symptoms of anxiety are to persons with dementia, valid tools are needed to help identify symptoms. We identified three validated tools, but further validation of these and other tools are needed. Practitioners should consider the use of tools with high sensitivity such as the RAID in persons with dementia.
Effectiveness of thoracic paravertebral and intercostal nerve blocks as a part of postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing open cholecystectomy under general anesthesia in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study, 2018
Authors: Jemal Bedru , Woldeyohanes Misrak , Shitemaw Tewoderos , Ayalew Nugusu , Awoke Zemedu , Abiy Sileshi 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
Postoperative pain after open cholecystectomy is associated with severe pain. Ineffective post-cholecystectomy pain management can cause shallow breathing, atelectasis, retention of secretion, and infection of respiratory system. This study asses’ analgesic effectiveness of thoracic paravertebral nerve block (TPVB) and intercostal nerve block (ICB) for open cholecystectomy postoperative pain management.

Methodology:
An institutional based prospective cohort study was conducted in selected hospitals. Using systematic random sampling technique, seventy-eight (78) patients that underwent open cholecystectomy under general anesthesia and fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected. Based on the responsible anesthetist's postoperative pain management plan, patients were divided into three groups. Patients who received TPVB at the end of surgery represent TPVB group and those patients that received ICB at the end of surgery grouped as ICB group. Patients who did not receive any regional block for postoperative pain management considered as the non-block group.

Result:
The postoperative NRS score at rest and on coughing were significantly lowered in TPVB and ICB group compared to non-block group with p value < 0.001. Time to first analgesic request was significantly longer in TPVB and ICB compared to non-block with p value < 0.001. The total analgesic consumption in the first 24 h was lower in TPVB and ICB.

Conclusion:
Both TPVB and ICB are effective analgesic techniques for open cholecystectomy with longer and potent postoperative analgesia. During coughing the thoracic paravertebral block recorded lesser pain score than intercostal block. Based on our study we recommend TPVB and ICB for post-operative analgesia for open cholecystectomy.

Highlights:
Sexual Dysfunction and Satisfaction in Kidney Transplant Patients
Authors: Mota Renato Lains , Fonseca Rita , Santos José Carlos , Covita Ana Mateus , Marques Nicole , Matias Patricia , Simões Hélder , Ramos Catarina , Machado Domingos , Cardoso Jorge 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction
10% of the world’s population suffers from chronic kidney disease. Kidney transplants provide an improvement in the quality of life of those patients. Sexual dysfunction is common after kidney transplantation, and its etiology is presumed to be multifactorial. It has a negative impact on sexual satisfaction and health-related quality-of-life. The integration of a new organ into the body can imply an adjustment of body image, which may eventually have a negative influence on intimacy and sexual behaviors.

Aim
To evaluate male sexual function, sexual satisfaction, and body image satisfaction among a convenience sample of patients who have had a kidney transplant.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study that included 460 patients, from a single healthcare center, who had undergone a kidney transplant procedure &gt;4 weeks ago. A total of 112 respondents (mean = 55.5 years, SD = 11.4) answered the questionnaires properly.

Main Outcome Measures
All recruited patients answered a self-reported sociodemographic questionnaire, in addition to the International Index of Erectile function, the New Scale of Sexual Satisfaction, the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the Body Image Scale.

Results
A correlation was found between sexual function and sexual satisfaction (r = 0.598, P &lt; .001, n = 112), as well as between body image satisfaction and sexual function (r = −0.193, P = .042, n = 112). The length of time after a kidney transplant (≤ or &gt;36 months) was not associated with a difference in sexual functioning or sexual satisfaction.

Clinical Implications
This study showed the obvious implications of sexual function on sexual satisfaction, which should alert healthcare professionals to the importance of identifying and managing sexual dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease, to optimize their global and sexual health satisfaction.

Strength & Limitations
This study identified a high prevalence of sexual dysfunction among kidney transplant recipients. This should reinforce the need for the medical community to evaluate the quality-of-life domains of patients with chronic disease. There is still a lack of information concerning any longitudinal evaluation of kidney transplant patients’ sexual function and the effects that this surgery has on sexuality.

Conclusions
This study corroborated the severe effects that kidney transplant patients often report regarding their sexuality. Among the patients who participated in the study, sexual function proved to be relevant in relation to sexual satisfaction.
Use of personal mobile devices to record patient data by Canadian emergency physicians and residents
Authors: Walker Kerry E. , Migneault David , Lindsay Heather C. , Abu-Laban Riyad B. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveUse of personal mobile devices to record patient data appears to be increasing, but remains poorly studied. We sought to determine the extent and reasons that Canadian emergency physicians (EPs) and emergency medicine residents use personal mobile devices to record patient data in the emergency department (ED).MethodsA national survey was distributed to Canadian EPs and residents between 27/02/17 and 23/03/17. This captured demographics, frequency, and purpose of personal mobile device use to record patient data in the ED. It also asked about obtaining consent, security of information, implications for patient care, and knowledge of relevant regulations.ResultsThe response rate was 23.1% (406 participants). A third (31.5%) reported using personal mobile devices to record patient data. Most (78.1%) did so more than once a month, and 7.0% did so every shift. Reasons cited included beliefs that using personal mobile devices to record patient data improves care by consultants (36.7%), expedites care (31.3%), and advances medical education (32.8%). Consent was rarely or never documented and a minority of participants (10.9%) indicated they did not obtain consent. More than half of participants (53.2%) reported being unaware of applicable regulations.ConclusionsThis is the first Canadian study on the use of personal mobile devices to record patient data in the ED. Our findings demonstrate current practice may risk privacy breaches. Personal mobile device use to record patient data in the ED is common and Canadian EPs and residents believe that this practice enhances patient care.
Playing to live: outcome evaluation of a community-based psychosocial expressive arts program for children during the Liberian Ebola epidemic
Authors: Decosimo C. A , Hanson J. , Quinn M. , Badu P. , Smith E. G. 
Published: April 2019

Background.This paper reviews the efficacy of a community psychosocial arts program focused on building mental health capacity within post-Ebola Liberia. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the outcome effects of two groups using pre- and post-treatment data. We hypothesized that there would be a difference in symptoms pre- and post-treatment, and the longer program would yield more significant results.Methods.There was a total of 870 child participants. Of 40 sites, 24 were selected for a 5-month treatment (TG1) while the remaining 16 sites received 3 months of treatment (TG2). Pairedttests and a mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyse pre- and post-psychological stress symptoms (PSS) for samples from both groups.Results.Separately, treatment group 1 (TG1) and treatment group 2's (TG2) pairedttest yielded significant results (p< 0.001) for the decrease of PSS. The mixed-model ANOVA found that there were significant differences in total pre- and post-test PSS and a significant difference in PSS means over time.Conclusions.Results indicated that there was a statistically significant decrease in reported symptoms in both treatment groups pre- to post-intervention and a significant difference in total symptoms over time. However, the findings do not indicate that the longer programming was statistically different compared to the shorter programming. The study presented had gaps in data, largely due to limits in research during the crisis. However, this paper provides a unique case study for challenges that can be faced for project evaluation in emergency settings.