bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Dates for Old Kilns: A Revised Radiocarbon Chronology of Stoneware Production for Angkorian Cambodia
Authors: Marriner Gary P , Grave Peter , Kealhofer Lisa , Stark Miriam T , Ea Darith , Chhay Rachna , Kaseka Phon , Suy Tan Boun 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon dates from recent excavations of a range of Angkorian Khmer (~9th–14th CE) stoneware kiln complexes provide a new and independent perspective on the timing and geography of Khmer ceramic production. These data demonstrate a clear two-phase sequence. The first, in the late 9th to late 12th centuries CE, marks a period of intensive production located both to the east of Angkor and to the south at Cheung Ek, south of Phnom Penh. A second shorter phase of production occurred in the late 13th to late 14th CE at more distant provincial settings following the collapse of the Angkorian state.
Timeline of changes in adaptive physiological responses, at the level of energy expenditure, with progressive weight loss
Authors: Nymo Siren , Coutinho Silvia R. , Torgersen Linn-Christin H. , Bomo Ola J. , Haugvaldstad Ingrid , Truby Helen , Kulseng Bård , Martins Catia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDiet-induced weight loss (WL) is associated with reduced resting and non-resting energy expenditure (EE), driven not only by changes in body composition but also potentially by adaptive thermogenesis (AT). When exactly this happens, during progressive WL, remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the timeline of changes in RMR and exercise-induced EE (EIEE), stemming from changes in body compositionv. the presence of AT, during WL with a very-low-energy diet (VLED). In all, thirty-one adults (eighteen men) with obesity (BMI: 37 (sem4·5) kg/m2; age: 43 (sem10) years) underwent 8 weeks of a VLED, followed by 4 weeks of weight maintenance. Body weight and composition, RMR, net EIEE (10, 25 and 50 W) and AT (for RMR (ATRMR) and EIEE (ATEIEE)) were measured at baseline, day 3 (2 (sem1) % WL), after 5 and 10 % WL and at weeks 9 (16 (sem2) %) and 13 (16 (sem1) %). RMR and fat mass were significantly reduced for the first time at 5 % WL (12 (sem8) d) (P<0·01 andP<0·001, respectively) and EIEE at 10 % WL (32 (sem8) d), for all levels of power (P<0·05), and sustained up to week 13. ATRMRwas transiently present at 10 % WL (−460 (sem690) kJ/d,P<0·01). A fall in RMR should be anticipated at ≥5 % WL and a reduction in EIEE at ≥10 % WL. Transient ATRMRcan be expected at 10 % WL. These physiological adaptations may make progressive WL difficult and will probably contribute to relapse.
Derivation and precision of mean field electrodynamics with mesoscale fluctuations
Authors: Zhou Hongzhe , Blackman Eric G. , Chamandy Luke 
Published: May 2018

Mean field electrodynamics (MFE) facilitates practical modelling of secular, large scale properties of astrophysical or laboratory systems with fluctuations. Practitioners commonly assume wide scale separation between mean and fluctuating quantities, to justify equality of ensemble and spatial or temporal averages. Often however, real systems do not exhibit such scale separation. This raises two questions: (I) What are the appropriate generalized equations of MFE in the presence of mesoscale fluctuations? (II) How precise are theoretical predictions from MFE? We address both by first deriving the equations of MFE for different types of averaging, along with mesoscale correction terms that depend on the ratio of averaging scale to variation scale of the mean. We then show that even if these terms are small, predictions of MFE can still have a significant precision error. This error has an intrinsic contribution from the dynamo input parameters and a filtering contribution from differences in the way observations and theory are projected through the measurement kernel. Minimizing the sum of these contributions can produce an optimal scale of averaging that makes the theory maximally precise. The precision error is important to quantify when comparing to observations because it quantifies the resolution of predictive power. We exemplify these principles for galactic dynamos, comment on broader implications, and identify possibilities for further work.
A proof of the matrix version of Baker's conjecture in Diophantine approximation
Authors: DAS TUSHAR , SIMMONS DAVID 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe prove that the matrix analogue of the Veronese curve is strongly extremal in the sense of Diophantine approximation, thereby resolving a question posed by Beresnevich, Kleinbock and Margulis (2015) in the affirmative.
Skin picking disorder: prevalence, correlates, and associations with quality of life in a large sample
Authors: Machado Myrela O. , Köhler Cristiano A. , Stubbs Brendon , Nunes-Neto Paulo R. , Koyanagi Ai , Quevedo João , Soares Jair C. , Hyphantis Thomas N. , Marazziti Donatella , Maes Michael , Stein Dan J. , Carvalho André F. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveEvidence suggests that skin picking disorder (SPD) could be a prevalent condition associated with comorbidity and psychosocial dysfunction. However, just a few studies have assessed the prevalence and correlates of SPD in samples from low- and middle-income countries. In addition, the impact of SPD on quality of life (QoL) dimension after multivariable adjustment to potential confounders remains unclear.MethodsData were obtained from a Brazilian anonymous Web-based research platform. Participants provided sociodemographic data and completed the modified Skin Picking–Stanford questionnaire, the Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised inventory (SCL-90R), early trauma inventory self report–short form, and the World Health Organization quality of life abbreviated scale (WHOQOL-Bref). Associations were adjusted to potential confounders through multivariable models.ResultsFor our survey, 7639 participants took part (71.3% females; age: 27.2±7.9 years). The prevalence of SPD was 3.4% (95% CI: 3.0–3.8%), with a female preponderance (P<0.001). In addition, SPD was associated with a positive screen for a major depressive episode, nicotine dependence, and alcohol dependence, as well as suicidal ideation. Physical and psychological QoL was significantly more impaired in participants with SPD compared to those without SPD, even after adjustment for comorbidity.ConclusionsIn this large sample, SPD was a prevalent condition associated with co-occurring depression, nicotine, and alcohol dependence. In addition, SPD was independently associated with impaired physical and psychological QoL. Public health efforts toward the early recognition and treatment of SPD are warranted.
Arctic Ocean Freshwater Content and Its Decadal Memory of Sea‐Level Pressure
Authors: Johnson Helen L. , Cornish Sam B. , Kostov Yavor , Beer Emma , Lique Camille 
Published: May 2018

AbstractArctic freshwater content (FWC) has increased significantly over the last two decades, with potential future implications for the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation downstream. We investigate the relationship between Arctic FWC and atmospheric circulation in the control run of a coupled climate model. Multiple linear lagged regression is used to extract the response of total Arctic FWC to a hypothetical step increase in the principal components of sea‐level pressure. The results demonstrate that the FWC adjusts on a decadal timescale, consistent with the idea that wind‐driven ocean dynamics and eddies determine the response of Arctic Ocean circulation and properties to a change in surface forcing, as suggested by idealized models and theory. Convolving the response of FWC to a change in sea‐level pressure with historical sea‐level pressure variations reveals that the recent observed increase in Arctic FWC is related to natural variations in sea‐level pressure.
Seasonal Nontectonic Loading Inferred From cGPS as a Potential Trigger for the M6.0 South Napa Earthquake
Authors: Kraner Meredith L. , Holt William E. , Borsa Adrian A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe analyze crustal strain corresponding to transient continuous Global Positioning System (cGPS) horizontal displacements in Northern California, detecting a seasonal positive dilatational strain and Coulomb stress transient in the South Napa region peaking just before the 24 August 2014 M6.0 South Napa earthquake. Using data from 2007 to 2014, we show that average dilatational strain within a 500‐km2 region encompassing South Napa and northern San Pablo Bay peaks in late summer at 76 ± 17 × 10−9, accompanied by a Coulomb stress change of 1.9 ± 0.8 kPa. The situation reverses in winter, with an average dilatational strain of −51 ± 17 × 10−9 and Coulomb stress change of −1.4 ± 0.8 kPa. Within a smaller 100‐km2 area centered on the South Napa rupture, peak values are considerably higher, including a summer Coulomb stress peak of 5.1 ± 1.6 kPa. We examine regional seismicity but see no statistically significant correlation with seasonal Coulomb stressing in the declustered earthquake catalog. Using western U.S. vertical cGPS displacements, we estimate that strain from hydrologic loading explains ≤10% of the observed long‐wavelength strain and only 2–3% of peak strains around the South Napa rupture. Thermoelastic crustal strain estimated from temperature gradients between the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento Valley reaches values as high as 15% of the observed strain, but the strain patterns are not spatially consistent. Vertical deformation within the Sonoma and Napa Valley subbasins inferred from interferometric synthetic aperture radar explains large horizontal motions at nearby cGPS stations and suggests that seasonal changes in groundwater may contribute to observed strain and stress transients.
Contrasting Groundwater and Streamflow Ages at the Maimai Watershed
Authors: Gabrielli C. P. , Morgenstern U. , Stewart M. K. , McDonnell J. J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the links between groundwater age, runoff generation processes, and their effects on stream water transit time (TT) is a major research challenge. Here we present new tritium age dating and hydrogeological characterization from 40 bedrock wells drilled at the intensively studied Maimai Experimental Watershed in New Zealand. We investigated the extent, dynamics, and age of the groundwater in a 4.5 ha headwater catchment over a 400 day period. In particular, we explored the controls of bedrock structure on aquifer dynamics, the aquifer flow domain and its influence on time‐varying stream water TT. We show that low permeability hillslope bedrock minimizes deep recharge, thereby regulating groundwater age, stream water MTT, and surface water‐groundwater interaction. Two distinct hydrologic units can represent catchment storage: shallow young soil storage and deep much older bedrock groundwater. Groundwater ages near discharge zones were up to 23 years compared to soil water ages that ranged between 0.1 and 0.5 years. This difference in age for the two main storages resulted in contrasting seasonal stream water TT response. During the 8 month wet season, stream water TT was young and stable while stream water TT in the slightly drier summer season was highly dynamic. These qualitative field observations are a process exemplar that support the Berghuijs and Kirchner (2017) quantitative descriptions of preferential release of young streamflow; and for the Maimai catchment, support the notion that most groundwater is exchanged only slowly with the surface and is therefore relatively old.
What Makes a First‐Magnitude Spring?: Global Sensitivity Analysis of a Speleogenesis Model to Gain Insight into Karst Network and Spring Genesis
Authors: Henson Wesley R. , de Rooij Rob , Graham Wendy 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOften, karstic conduit network geometry is unknown. This lack of knowledge represents a significant limitation when modeling flow and solute transport in karst systems. In this study, we apply Morris Method Global Sensitivity Analysis to a speleogenesis model to identify model input parameters, and combinations thereof, that most significantly influence evolution of karst conduit networks, development of first‐magnitude springs, and resulting flow and solute transport pulse responses. Based on an idealized model of the Silver Springshed in Central Florida USA, results showed that porous matrix hydraulic conductivity and parameters that govern connectivity of vertical and horizontal preferential flow paths (proto‐conduits) are the most influential parameters. In particular, a lower porous matrix conductivity is more likely to produce a first‐order magnitude spring. For the boundary conditions assumed in this application, conduits tend to develop in low topographic regions that drained nearby high regions. Morris ensemble realizations that generated first‐magnitude springs exhibit similar flow and solute transport pulse responses at the spring vent, despite differences in network configuration. However, distributed head fields are highly spatially variable, implying substantial spatial variability among solute flow paths and travel times from the land surface to the spring across realizations.
A Method for Objectively Integrating Soil Moisture Satellite Observations and Model Simulations Toward a Blended Drought Index
Authors: Yin Jifu , Zhan Xiwu , Hain Christopher R. , Liu Jicheng , Anderson Martha C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWith satellite soil moisture (SM) retrievals becoming widely and continuously available, we aim to develop a method to objectively integrate the drought indices into one that is more accurate and consistently reliable. The data sets used in this paper include the Noah land surface model‐based SM estimations, Atmosphere‐Land‐Exchange‐Inverse model‐based Evaporative Stress Index, and the satellite SM products from the Advanced Scatterometer, WindSat, Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity, and Soil Moisture Operational Product System. Using the Triple Collocation Error Model (TCEM) to quantify the uncertainties of these data, we developed an optically blended drought index (BDI_b) that objectively integrates drought estimations with the lowest TCEM‐derived root‐mean‐square‐errors in this paper. With respect to the reported drought records and the drought monitoring benchmarks including the U.S. Drought Monitor, the Palmer Drought Severity Index and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index products, the BDI_b was compared with the sample average blending drought index (BDI_s) and the RMSE‐weighted average blending drought indices (BDI_w). Relative to the BDI_s and the BDI_w, the BDI_b performs more consistently with the drought monitoring benchmarks. With respect to the official drought records, the developed BDI_b shows the best performance on tracking drought development in terms of time evolution and spatial patterns of 2010‐Russia, 2011‐USA, 2013‐New Zealand droughts and other reported agricultural drought occurrences over the 2009–2014 period. These results suggest that model simulations and remotely sensed observations of SM can be objectively translated into useful information for drought monitoring and early warning, in turn can reduce drought risk and impacts.
Balancing the Global Distribution of Phosphorus With a View Toward Sustainability and Equity
Authors: Filippelli Gabriel M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLimitations in the geological reserves of phosphate rock, the source of fertilizer phosphorus, are not currently considered in agricultural practices or global trade, a very short‐sighted approach considering that there is no “alternative fuel” for plant growth. Thus, it is important to understand the science of phosphorus‐crop growth dynamics as a function of grain type, plant uptake, climate, and past fertilizer phosphorus application history. Recent work on modeling these factors on the global scale (Kvakić et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GB005754) provides the first scientific backdrop for developing an understanding of fertilizer phosphorus balances and for informing forward‐looking practices and policies that regulate toward long‐term sustainability rather than short‐term profit.
REY‐Th‐U Dynamics in the Critical Zone: Combined Influence of Reactive Bedrock Accessory Minerals, Authigenic Phases, and Hydrological Sorting (Mule Hole Watershed, South India)
Authors: Braun Jean‐Jacques , Riotte Jean , Battacharya Shrema , Violette Aurélie , Oliva Priscia , Prunier Jonathan , Maréchal Jean‐Christophe , Ruiz Laurent , Audry Stéphane , Subramanian S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe sources of REY‐Th‐U and long‐term mass balance were assessed in the gneissic tropical forested Critical Zone Observatory of Mule Hole, India. The study relies on the characterization of the solid compartments (bedrock, soils, streambed and suspended sediments), on batch leaching experiments of the parent gneiss and on extractions of cation‐exchangeable and iron‐related pools of selected soil samples. The REY‐Th‐U primary reservoir is controlled by monazite, xenotime, thorite, allanite, bastnesite, titanite, apatite, and, to a lesser extent, by zircon. This accessory mineral assemblage was profoundly modified by episodes of metamorphism and hydrothermal activity. Allanite, bastnesite, titanite, and apatite are prone to break down at incipient weathering stage while monazite, xenotime and zircon are resistant minerals. On a long‐term basis, REY are roughly inert in the immature saprolite and depleted in the soil cover and are strongly redistributed among secondary phases. LREE and HREY are mainly controlled by poorly crystallized secondary iron oxides and oxyhydroxides, and, to a lesser extent, by secondary phosphates (e.g., rhabdophane). Th, inert in the saprolite, is controlled by well‐crystallized secondary iron oxides and oxyhydroxides and likely by secondary thorianite (ThO2). REY and Th are not easily mobilized during surface processes such as chelation by organic matter and uptake by plants. REY and Th are, by far, exported as suspended sediments associated with iron oxides. The U export by groundwater and suspended sediments dominates over those of streambed sediments and stream.
The Morphology of the 6‐Day Wave in Both the Neutral Atmosphere and F Region Ionosphere Under Solar Minimum Conditions
Authors: Gu Sheng‐Yang , Ruan Haibing , Yang Cheng‐Yun , Gan Quan , Dou Xiankang , Wang Ningning 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCombined Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED)/TIMED Doppler interferometer horizontal winds, Global Positioning System Total Electron Content maps, and Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate electron density profiles are utilized to study the westward zonal wavenumber 1 quasi‐6‐day planetary wave in both the neutral atmosphere and F region ionosphere under solar minimum conditions in 2009. It is found that the zonal (meridional) wind perturbations maximize (minimize) in the geographic equatorial mesosphere and lower thermosphere region and are in phase (out of phase) between hemispheres, which agrees well with both the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite/high‐resolution Doppler imager wind observations and (1, 1) Rossby normal mode. Analysis of the Total Electron Content maps and Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate electron density profiles shows that the F region ionosphere exhibits wave spectra and temporal variations that are consistent with those of the neutral atmosphere. Specifically, the 6‐day oscillation in electron density is the highest during 1200–1800 LT in the equatorial ionospheric anomaly region (~20° geomagnetic latitude), with a minimum amplitude at the equator, which agrees well with the F region fountain effect. At 300 km, the amplitude of the electron density oscillation reaches ~1.2 × 104 cm−3, which accounts for ~14% of the background value. In addition, the F2 layer electron peak density and peak height also exhibit corresponding oscillations with amplitudes of ~9 × 104 cm−3 and ~12 km, respectively. The current work provides clear evidence for F region ionospheric responses to planetary waves in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region.
Reconciling the Attribution of Changes in Streamflow Extremes From a Hydroclimate Perspective
Authors: Yuan Xing , Jiao Yang , Yang Dawen , Lei Huimin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWith increasing impacts of climate change and human interventions on the hydrological cycle, attributions of changes in streamflow and its extremes were widely carried out to provide guidelines for adaptation. However, most of them neglected either human‐induced climate or hydrological change. Here we propose a reconciled framework to attribute influences from anthropogenic and natural climate change, land cover change and human water withdrawal. A set of 45 years high‐resolution (0.01°) land surface hydrological simulations were conducted over a semiarid river basin in North China, forced by changing climate and/or land cover scenarios. There are discernible anthropogenic climate change fingerprints on the changes in annual mean streamflow and wet extremes (ratio of wet months), while land cover change and water withdrawal are more important for the change in dry extremes (ratio of dry months). The impact of human‐induced hydroclimate change on streamflow extremes could be underestimated by up to 21–59% or 12–43% based on hydrological or climate attribution alone, suggesting the necessity of the reconciled framework for distinguishing different anthropogenic factors.
Immortalized common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) hepatic progenitor cells possess bipotentiality in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Guo Zhenglong , Jing Renwei , Rao Quan , Zhang Ludi , Gao Yimeng , Liu Fengyong , Wang Xin , Hui Lijian , Yin HaiFang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCommon marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is emerging as a clinically relevant nonhuman primate model for various diseases, but is hindered by the availability of marmoset cell lines, which are critical for understanding the disease pathogenesis and drug/toxicological screening prior to animal testing. Here we describe the generation of immortalized marmoset hepatic progenitor cells (MHPCs) by lentivirus-mediated transfer of the simian virus 40 large T antigen gene in fetal liver polygonal cells. MHPCs proliferate indefinitely in vitro without chromosomal alteration and telomere shortening. These cells possess hepatic progenitor cell-specific gene expression profiles with potential to differentiate into both hepatocytic and cholangiocytic lineages in vitro and in vivo and also can be genetically modified. Importantly, injected MHPCs repopulated the injured liver of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (Fah)-deficient mice with hepatocyte-like cells. MHPCs also engraft as cholangiocytes into bile ducts of 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC)-induced bile ductular injured mice. MHPCs provide a tool to enable efficient derivation and genetic modification of both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes for use in disease modeling, tissue engineering, and drug screening.
Domaines d’utilisation des contre plaques
Authors: TRIKI Hiba , BEKRI Sana , SADOURI Imen , TAKTAK Najla , MANSOUR Lamia 
Published: May 2018

Quel que soit l’édentement, la prothèse partielle
amovible doit répondre aux principes de rigidité,
d’équilibre et de confort grâce à une conception
bien réfléchie des éléments constituants
le châssis.
Cependant, dans certaines situations cliniques,
cette conception se trouve modifiée pour mieux
gérer les impératifs esthétiques et fonctionnels
des patients.
Cet article présente les différentes formes
des contre plaques, leurs intérêts, impératifs
de conceptions et leurs inconvénients.