bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dosimetric effect of rotational setup errors in stereotactic radiosurgery with HyperArc for single and multiple brain metastases
Authors: Sagawa Tomohiro , Ohira Shingo , Ueda Yoshihiro , Akino Yuichi , Mizuno Hirokazu , Matsumoto Masao , Miyazaki Masayoshi , Koizumi Masahiko , Teshima Teruki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeIn stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with single‐isocentric treatments for brain metastases, rotational setup errors may cause considerable dosimetric effects. We assessed the dosimetric effects on HyperArc plans for single and multiple metastases.MethodsFor 29 patients (1–8 brain metastases), HyperArc plans with a prescription dose of 20–24 Gy for a dose that covers 95% (D95%) of the planning target volume (PTV) were retrospectively generated (Ref‐plan). Subsequently, the computed tomography (CT) used for the Ref‐plan and cone‐beam CT acquired during treatments (Rot‐CT) were registered. The HyperArc plans involving rotational setup errors (Rot‐plan) were generated by re‐calculating doses based on the Rot‐CT. The dosimetric parameters between the two plans were compared.ResultsThe dosimetric parameters [D99%, D95%, D1%, homogeneity index, and conformity index (CI)] for the single‐metastasis cases were comparable (P > 0.05), whereas the D95% for each PTV of the Rot‐plan decreased 10.8% on average, and the CI of the Rot‐plan was also significantly lower than that of the Ref‐plan (Ref‐plan vs Rot‐plan, 0.93 ± 0.02 vs 0.75 ± 0.14, P < 0.01) for the multiple‐metastases cases. In addition, for the multiple‐metastases cases, the Rot‐plan resulted in significantly higher V10Gy (P = 0.01), V12Gy (P = 0.02), V14Gy (P = 0.02), and V16Gy (P < 0.01) than those in the Ref‐plan.ConclusionThe rotational setup errors for multiple brain metastases cases caused non‐negligible underdosage for PTV and significant increases of V10Gy to V16Gy in SRS with HyperArc.
Sustained Long‐Term Efficacy of Motivational Counseling and Text Message Reminders on Daily Sitting Time in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Long‐Term Follow‐up of a Randomized, Parallel‐Group Trial
Authors: Thomsen Tanja , Aadahl Mette , Beyer Nina , Hetland Merete L. , Løppenthin Katrine B. , Midtgaard Julie , Christensen Robin , Nielsen Sabrina M. , Østergaard Mikkel , Jennum Poul , Esbensen Bente A. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the 18‐month postintervention efficacy following a 4‐month individually tailored behavioral intervention on daily sitting time in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsIn an observer‐blinded randomized trial, 150 RA patients were included. During 4 months, the intervention group (n = 75) received 3 motivational counseling sessions and tailored text messages aimed at increasing light‐intensity physical activity through reduction of sedentary behavior. The control group (n = 75) maintained their usual lifestyle. The primary outcome was change from baseline to 18 months postintervention in objectively measured daily sitting time (using ActivPAL). Secondary outcomes included changes in clinical patient‐reported outcomes and cardiometabolic biomarkers. A mixed‐effect repeated measures analysis of covariance model in the intent‐to‐treat population was applied.ResultsAt 22 months follow‐up from baseline, 12 participants were lost to follow‐up. Compared to baseline, sitting time in the intervention group decreased 1.10 hours/day, whereas it increased by 1.32 hours/day in the control group, a between‐group difference of –2.43 hours/day (95% confidence interval [95% CI] –2.99, –1.86; P < 0.0001) favoring the intervention group. For most secondary outcomes, between‐group differences favored the intervention: visual analog scale (VAS) pain –15.51 mm (95% CI –23.42, –7.60), VAS fatigue –12.30 mm (95% CI –20.71, –3.88), physical function –0.39 Health Assessment Questionnaire units (95% CI –0.53, –0.26), total cholesterol –0.86 mmoles/liter (95% CI –1.03, –0.68), triglycerides –0.26 mmoles/liter (95% CI –0.43, –0.09), and average glucose –1.15 mmoles/liter (95% CI –1.39, –0.91).ConclusionThe 4‐month postintervention results showed that patients in the intervention reduced their daily sitting time and improved patient‐reported outcomes and total cholesterol levels compared to the control group. Eighteen months after intervention, patients in the intervention group were still significantly less sedentary than controls. Findings suggest that a behavioral approach is beneficial for promoting long‐term physical activity and health in patients with RA.
Time to Lupus Low Disease Activity State in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort: Role of African American Ethnicity
Authors: Babaoğlu Hakan , Li Jessica , Goldman Daniel , Magder Laurence S. , Petri Michelle 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveLupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) is a potential treat‐to‐target goal in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study determined predictors of time to reach LLDAS in a longitudinal cohort.MethodsPatients were grouped according to LLDAS status at cohort entry. Those who did not satisfy LLDAS at cohort entry were analyzed prospectively. The Kaplan‐Meier approach was used to estimate the time to LLDAS. Cox regression was used to identify patient characteristics that were associated with time to LLDAS.ResultsThe probability of LLDAS attainment within 1 year was 52% for Caucasians, 36% for African Americans, and 33% for SLE patients with renal involvement. The median time to LLDAS was 1.1 years. In multivariable models, African American ethnicity, baseline prednisone >10 mg daily, hypocomplementemia, baseline damage, and baseline renal activity remained significant predictors of longer time to attain LLDAS, while disease duration <1 year and cutaneous activity were associated with earlier attainment.ConclusionLLDAS is potentially attainable in the majority of SLE patients. The time to LLDAS was found to be longer in African American patients with SLE. Characteristics of African American patients with SLE, such as renal activity and hypocomplementemia, were also independent predictors of slower attainment of LLDAS. These findings point to the need to include African American patients with SLE in both clinical and pharmaceutical research.
Technological Advances in Multiscale Analysis of Single Cells in Biomedicine
Authors: Loo Jacky Fong‐Chuen , Ho Ho Pui , Kong Siu Kai , Wang Tza‐Huei , Ho Yi‐Ping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSingle‐cell analysis has recently received significant attention in biomedicine. With the advances in super‐resolution microscopy, fluorescence labeling, and nanoscale biosensing, new information may be obtained for the design of cancer diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. The discovery of cellular heterogeneity further stresses the importance of single‐cell analysis to improve our understanding of disease mechanism and to develop new strategies for disease treatment. To this end, many studies are exploited at the single‐cell level for high throughput, highly parallel, and quantitative analysis. Technically, microfluidics are also designed to facilitate single‐cell isolation and enrichment for downstream detection and manipulation in a robust, sensitive, and automated manner. Further achievements are made possible by consolidating optically label‐free, electrical, and molecular sensing techniques. Moreover, these technologies are coupled with computing algorithms for high throughput and automated quantitative analysis with a short turnaround time. To reflect on how the technological developments have advanced single‐cell analysis, this mini‐review is aimed to offer readers an introduction to single‐cell analysis with a brief historical development and the recent progresses that have enabled multiscale analysis of single‐cells in the last decade. The challenges and future trends are also discussed with the view to inspire forthcoming technical developments.
Thermal Properties of the Binary‐Filler Hybrid Composites with Graphene and Copper Nanoparticles
Authors: Barani Zahra , Mohammadzadeh Amirmahdi , Geremew Adane , Huang Chun‐Yu , Coleman Devin , Mangolini Lorenzo , Kargar Fariborz , Balandin Alexander A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe thermal properties of epoxy‐based binary composites comprised of graphene and copper nanoparticles are reported. It is found that the “synergistic” filler effect, revealed as a strong enhancement of the thermal conductivity of composites with the size‐dissimilar fillers, has a well‐defined filler loading threshold. The thermal conductivity of composites with a moderate graphene concentration of fg = 15 wt% exhibits an abrupt increase as the loading of copper nanoparticles approaches fCu ≈ 40 wt%, followed by saturation. The effect is attributed to intercalation of spherical copper nanoparticles between the large graphene flakes, resulting in formation of the highly thermally conductive percolation network. In contrast, in composites with a high graphene concentration, fg = 40 wt%, the thermal conductivity increases linearly with addition of copper nanoparticles. A thermal conductivity of 13.5 ± 1.6 Wm−1K−1 is achieved in composites with binary fillers of fg = 40 wt% and fCu = 35 wt%. It has also been demonstrated that the thermal percolation can occur prior to electrical percolation even in composites with electrically conductive fillers. The obtained results shed light on the interaction between graphene fillers and copper nanoparticles in the composites and demonstrate potential of such hybrid epoxy composites for practical applications in thermal interface materials and adhesives.
Gram‐Negative Bacteria Targeting Mediated by Carbohydrate–Carbohydrate Interactions Induced by Surface‐Modified Nanoparticles
Authors: Capeletti Larissa Brentano , de Oliveira Jessica Fernanda Affonso , Loiola Lívia Mesquita Dias , Galdino Flávia Elisa , da Silva Santos Denys Ewerton , Soares Thereza Amélia , de Oliveira Freitas Raul , Cardoso Mateus Borba 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAntibiotic resistant pathogens are a modern threat to the human health. As a worldwide spreading problem, there is an urgency for new strategies to minimize antibiotic resistance, particularly the super‐resistant strains. Here, the efficient design of carbohydrate‐coated silica nanoparticles is reported which specifically target Gram‐negative bacteria cells. The system is functionalized with gluconamide moieties and demonstrates increased binding ability to the bacterial membrane, enabling controlled drug delivery onto the pathogen wall. In addition, the high stability of the nanoparticles in biological media and the lack of non‐specific protein adhesion are engendered by such functionalization, which also demonstrates low cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity prevention. Local interaction between nanoparticles and the bacterium membrane is experimentally accessed at the biomolecular level unveiling a short‐range chemical connection. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations depict the rapid penetration of gluconamide in the lipopolysaccharide region of the bacterial outer membrane, corroborating the experimental findings. Thus, this novel outer membrane‐targeting platform provides a new strategy to reduce drug intake and, hence, minimize bacterial resistance.
Atmosphere‐Induced Reversible Resistivity Changes in Ca/Y‐Doped Bismuth Iron Garnet Thin Films
Authors: Teurtrie Adrien , Popova Elena , Koita Ibrahim , Chikoidze Ekaterine , Keller Niels , Gloter Alexandre , Bocher Laura 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBismuth iron garnet Bi3Fe5O12 (BIG) is a multifunctional insulating oxide exhibiting remarkably the largest known Faraday rotation and linear magnetoelectric coupling. Enhancing the electrical conductivity in BIG while preserving its magnetic properties would further widen its range of potential applications in oxitronic devices. Here, a site‐selective codoping strategy in which Ca2+ and Y3+ substitute for Bi3+ is applied. The resulting p‐ and n‐type doped BIG films combine state‐of‐the‐art magneto‐optical properties and semiconducting behaviors above room temperature with rather low resistivity: 40 Ω cm at 450 K is achieved in an n‐type Y‐doped BIG; this is ten orders of magnitude lower than that of Y3Fe5O12. High‐resolution electron spectromicroscopy unveils the complete dopant solubility and the charge compensation mechanisms at the local scale in p‐ and n‐type systems. Oxygen vacancies as intrinsic donors play a key role in the conduction mechanisms of these doped BIG films. On the other hand, a self‐compensation of Ca2+ with oxygen vacancies tends to limit the conduction in p‐type Ca/Y‐doped BIG. These results highlight the possibility of integrating n‐type and p‐type doped BIG films in spintronic structures as well as their potential use in gas sensing applications.
Parity–Time Symmetry Synthetic Lasers: Physics and Devices
Authors: Qi Bingkun , Chen Hua‐Zhou , Ge Li , Berini Pierre , Ma Ren‐Min 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe invention of the laser has revolutionized modern science and engineering as well as our daily lives. Recently, a new class of lasers based on concepts borrowed from parity–time symmetry in quantum mechanics has emerged. Parity–time symmetry, initially applied to condensed matter systems, extends canonical quantum theory to non‐Hermitian quantum theory. The experimental exploration of parity–time symmetry in electronics is challenging; so by analogy, such concept is introduced in photonics where flexibility exists in realizing non‐Hermitian eigenstates involving optical gain and loss. Lasers intrinsically involve both gain and loss, which makes them the natural candidates to explore and exploit parity–time symmetry in photonics. Recent studies have demonstrated various novel laser devices based on parity–time symmetry, which show unique properties such as single mode lasing, chiral mode lasing, and exceptional point enhanced sensing. In this review, the fundamentals are introduced and recent advances in parity–time symmetric laser devices are discussed, furthermore an outlook on this emergent field is provided.
Role of Anisotropy and Refractive Index in Scattering and Whiteness Optimization
Authors: Jacucci Gianni , Bertolotti Jacopo , Vignolini Silvia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe ability to manipulate light–matter interaction to tailor the scattering properties of materials is crucial to many aspects of everyday life, from paints to lighting, and to many fundamental concepts in disordered photonics. Light transport and scattering in a granular disordered medium are dictated by the spatial distribution (structure factor) and the scattering properties (form factor and refractive index) of its building blocks. As yet, however, the importance of anisotropy in such systems has not been considered. Here, a systematic numerical survey that disentangles and quantifies the role of different kinds and degrees of anisotropy in scattering optimization is reported. It is shown that ensembles of uncorrelated, anisotropic particles with nematic ordering enables to increase by 20% the reflectance of low‐refractive index media (n = 1.55), using only three‐quarters of material compared to their isotropic counterpart. Additionally, these systems exhibit a whiteness comparable to conventionally used high‐refractive index media, e.g., TiO2 (n = 2.60). Therefore, the findings not only provide an understanding of the role of anisotropy in scattering optimization, but they also showcase a novel strategy to replace inorganic white enhancers with sustainable and biocompatible products made of biopolymers.
Employing Lactam Copolymerization Strategy to Effectively Achieve Pure Organic Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence in Amorphous State
Authors: Wang Disen , Yan Ziang , Shi Mingyu , Dai Jinghong , Chai Qiongjie , Gui Huiqiang , Zhang Yaopeng , Ma Xiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPure organic, amorphous room‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials have aroused great attention because of their easy preparation and wide applications. Herein, several metal‐free, amorphous, lactam phosphorescent copolymers are prepared. Copolymers ofN‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) andN‐vinylcaprolactam (NVCL) with small amounts of monomers exhibit diverse RTP emissions. The rigid polymer matrices of poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL) effectively help to inhibit nonradiative transition process of phosphors, which enhances the RTP emission. Furthermore, outstanding biocompatibility, low cost, and highly hydrophilic character make these PVP‐ and PNVCL‐based RTP copolymer materials potentially applicable in various fields.
Recovery rheology via rheo‐SANS: Application to step strains under out‐of‐equilibrium conditions
Authors: Lee Johnny C.‐W. , Porcar Lionel , Rogers Simon A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStress relaxation from a step strain test provides important information about constituent dynamics, but if a material has experienced a complex shear history, the underlying physics is not straightforward to access. We use recovery rheology and rheo‐small‐angle neutron scattering to probe the nonlinear dynamics of an entangled wormlike micelle solution by applying step strains after complex shear histories enforced by large‐amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) flow. We show that a universal relaxation modulus can be obtained from step strain tests with complex shear histories, as long as the modulus is defined in terms of the recoverable strain. The shear and normal stresses, as well as the alignment of micellar Kuhn segments, are shown to be positively correlated with the recoverable strain. We identify re‐entanglement of polymeric chains after cessation of LAOS and show that this process occurs over the same timescales as linear‐regime stress relaxation. This work, therefore, lays the foundation of how to accurately probe out‐of‐equilibrium rheology in a consistent manner.
The association between family members' migration and Epstein‐Barr virus antibody titers among people left behind in rural Fujian, China
Authors: Yazawa Aki , Inoue Yosuke , Cai Guoxi , Tu Raoping , Huang Meng , He Fei , Chen Jie , Yamamoto Taro , Watanabe Chiho 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesIn contrast to the health of migrants, which has been extensively studied, little attention has been paid to the health of adults left behind by family members who out‐migrated to other locations. This study was performed to investigate the association between being left behind and the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) antibody titer, which is an indicator of cellular immune functioning previously shown to be associated with psychological stress.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted in rural communities in Fujian, China, in 2015. Questionnaire data and dried blood spot samples were collected from 748 adults. A mixed effect regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association.ResultsResults indicated that the EBV antibody titers were higher among people who had been left behind compared with those who had not.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that, in rural Fujian, China, family separation following the out‐migration of family members is an important determinant of psychological stress.
“I can be a mum or a professional, but not both”: What women say about their experiences of juggling paid employment with motherhood
Authors: Coombe Jacqueline , Loxton Deb , Tooth Leigh , Byles Julie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPast research has identified the salience of the notion of “good motherhood” in countries such as Australia, where women are expected to invest significant time and energy, often through self‐sacrifice, to raise their children. We analysed free‐text comments provided in response to an open‐ended question from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) to examine whether the discourse of “good motherhood” played any role in how women articulate their experiences of juggling paid employment with motherhood. Eighty women from the cohort born 1973–78 were included, providing 223 comments. “Good motherhood” underpinned many of the accounts about combining motherhood with paid employment. Women reported life as stressful and hectic as they attempted to juggle the demands of childcare with paid employment and domestic chores. Although some identified “good motherhood” as an unachievable ideal, most were largely unable to disengage with this discourse. Broader social structures, such as inflexible working conditions, were found to reinforce and support this ideal, contributing to the strength of the discourse.
Nitrogen Dioxide Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cleavage of C(OH)–C Bonds of Secondary Alcohols to Produce Acids
Authors: Liu Mingyang , Zhang Zhanrong , Song Jinliang , Liu Shuaishuai , Liu Huizhen , Han Buxing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStable organic nitroxyl radicals are an important class of catalysts for oxidation reactions, but their wide applications are hindered by their steric hinderance, high cost, complex operation, and separation procedures. Herein, NO2 in DMSO is shown to effectively catalyze the aerobic oxidative cleavage of C(OH)−C bonds to form a carboxylic group, and NO2 was generated in situ by decomposition of nitrates. A diverse range of secondary alcohols were selectively converted into acids in excellent yields in this transition‐metal‐free system without any additives. Preliminary results also indicate its applicability to depolymerize recalcitrant macromolecular lignin. Detail studies revealed that NO2 from nitrates promoted the reaction, and NO2 served as hydrogen acceptor and radical initiator for the tandem oxidative reaction.
Facile preparation and properties of polyvinylidene fluoride dielectric nanocomposites via phase morphology control and incorporation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes conductive fillers
Authors: Chen Lin , Liu Hongcai , Bian Jun , Yan Lei , Guo Yi , Lin Hong , Lin Hailan , Ma Sude , Zhao Xinwei 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTA novel PVDF dielectric nanocomposite was achieved by controlling phase morphology and incorporating conductive fillers simultaneously, and the mechanical, thermal, dielectric properties of the resultant dielectric nanocomposites were investigated. Mechanical analysis showed that incorporation of modified MWCNTs (MWCNTs‐COOH) in the PVDF nanocomposites resulted in significant improvements on the tensile strength (Ts) and elasticity modulus (Em). When the filler content was 12 wt%, the Ts of MWCNTs‐COOH/PVDF could reach 64.6 MPa. XRD test showed that the addition of MWCNTs‐COOH and MWCNTs promoted the formation of β‐phase of PVDF. DMA analysis showed that the glass‐transition temperature of the PVDF nanocomposites slightly increases on loading of original MWCNTs and this effect was more pronounced on loading MWCNTs‐COOH. The dielectric property analysis showed that the original MWCNTs were more likely to form local conductive networks in the PVDF matrix, promoting the electron displacement polarization, and improving the dielectric constant. When the contents of MWCNTs was 12 wt%, the percolation threshold was obtained and the dielectric constant (ε′) reached 286, which was 36 times of pure PVDF. Our work provides a simple way to fabricate polymer blends with excellent dielectric performances, good mechanical properties as well as good processing capability but low cost. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48463.