bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of thyroid surgery volume and pathologic detection on risk of thyroid cancer: A geographical analysis in the Rhône‐Alpes region of France
Authors: Hafdi‐Nejjari Zakia , Abbas‐Chorfa Fatima , Decaussin‐Petrucci Myriam , Berger Nicole , Couray‐Targe Sandrine , Schott Anne‐Marie , Sturm Nathalie , Dumollard Jean Marc , Roux Jean Jacques , Beschet Isabelle , Colonna Marc , Delafosse Patricia , Lifante Jean Christophe , Borson‐Chazot Françoise , Sassolas Geneviève 
Published: August 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate the impact of the volume of thyroid surgery and pathologic detection on the risk of thyroid cancer.MethodsWe investigated the influence of the volume of thyroid surgery in a first study that included 23 384 thyroid surgeries and 5302 thyroid cancers collected between 2008 and 2013. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and thyroid intervention rates (STIRs) were used as indicators of cancer risk and surgery volume, respectively. The influence of pathologic detection, using the number of cuts per gram of tissue as the indicator, was studied in a second study that included 1257 thyroid specimens, collected in 2014.ResultsWe found departmental variations in SIRs and a significant effect of the STIR on the SIR (men, P = 0.0008; women, P < 0.0001). A 1/100 000 increase in the STIR resulted in a 3% and 1.3% increase in the SIR in men and women, respectively. This effect was greatest for microcancers and absent for tumours >4 cm. The risk of cancer diagnosis was significantly associated with the number of cuts per gram of tissue (OR 6.1, P < 0.001), and was greater for total thyroidectomy than for lobectomy (P = 0.014) and when FNA cytology had been preoperatively performed (P < 0.001). The prevalence of incidental microcancers was highest in the centres performing the highest number of cuts per gram.ConclusionsThe risk of thyroid cancer, particularly microcancer, is related to the volume of surgery and to the level of pathologist scrutiny. Both factors contribute to the increase in overdiagnosis. This further advocates for appropriate selection of patients for thyroid surgery.
Influence of a growth hormone transgene on the genetic architecture of growth‐related traits: A comparative analysis between transgenic and wild‐type coho salmon
Authors: Kodama Miyako , Naish Kerry A. , Devlin Robert H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGenetic engineering has been increasingly applied to many commercially important plant and animal species, generating phenotypic changes that are not observed in natural populations and creating genetic interactions that have not experienced natural selection. The degree to and way in which such human‐induced genetic variation interacts with the rest of the genome is currently largely unknown. Integrating such information into ecological and risk assessment frameworks is crucial to understand the potential effects of genetically modified organisms in natural environments. Here, we performed QTL mapping to investigate the genetic architecture of growth‐related traits in nontransgenic (NT) and growth hormone transgenic (T) coho salmon with large changes in growth and related physiology, with the aim of identifying how an inserted transgene might influence the opportunity for selection. These fish shared the same parental genetic background, thus allowing us to determine whether the same or different loci influence these traits within the two groups. The use of over 1,700 loci, derived from restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing, revealed that different genomic regions were linked with growth over time between the two groups. Additionally, the effect sizes of detected QTL appear to have been influenced by the transgene. Direct comparison of QTL between the T and NT fish during two size‐matched periods identified little overlap in their location. Taken together, the results showed that the transgene altered the genetic basis of growth‐related traits in this species. The study has important implications for effective conservation and management of wild populations experiencing introduction of transgenes. Evolutionary changes and their ecological consequences may occur at different rates and in different directions in NT versus T individuals in response to selection. Thus, assessments of phenotypic change, and hence ecological risk, should be determined periodically to evaluate whether initial estimates made with founder strains remain valid.
A material model to reproduce mixed‐mode fracture in concrete
Authors: Suárez Fernando , Gálvez Jaime , Cendón David 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a material model to reproduce crack propagation in cement‐based material specimens under mixed‐mode loading. Its numerical formulation is based on the cohesive crack model, proposed by Hillerborg, and extended for the mixed‐mode case. This model is inspired by former works by Gálvez et al but implemented for its use in a finite element code at a material level, that is to say, at an integration point level. Among its main features, the model is able to predict the crack orientation and can reproduce the fracture behaviour under mixed‐mode fracture loading. In addition, several experimental results found in the literature are properly reproduced by the model.
Frequency‐dependent fatigue and corrosion fatigue assessment of brazed AISI 304L/BNi‐2 joints in air and synthetic exhaust gas condensate
Authors: Schmiedt Anke , Lücker Lukas , Manka Matthias , Tillmann Wolfgang , Walther Frank 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSince brazed components are often cyclically loaded in corrosive environments, the corrosion fatigue behaviour of the joints has to be investigated. Fatigue tests of brazed AISI 304L/BNi‐2 joints, relevant for exhaust gas heat exchangers, were performed with specimens in the as‐received condition and after pre‐corrosion according to VDA 230‐214. Additionally, the superimposed corrosion fatigue loading in an exhaust gas condensate was realised using a corrosion cell. Corrosion‐induced and deformation‐induced microstructural changes were metallographically evaluated. The influence of the test frequency from 1 to 150 Hz on the cyclic deformation and damage behaviour was characterised. In a statistical analysis, the fatigue strength of 210 MPa at 2·107 cycles was determined for the as‐received condition with a 50% failure probability. The pre‐corrosion as well as the superimposed loading lead to a reduction of the fatigue strength down to 22%. A novel test strategy is suitable for precise fatigue and corrosion fatigue assessments.
Estimation of dry‐matter intake in lambs via field‐based NIR proximal sensing
Authors: Starks Patrick J. , Brown Michael A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDry‐matter intake (DMI) is difficult to measure. The potential of field‐based near‐infrared (NIR) proximal sensing as a means to quantify DMI is a logical extension of the findings of several researchers who demonstrated that benchtop NIR spectroscopy could be used to predict animal intake. Our objectives were to predict DMI from the relative feed value and the Relative Forage Quality equations and to compare these estimates to that measured in lambs. Proximally, sensed spectra of live forage were used to develop predictions of neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) and crude protein which were used as inputs to the DMI equations. These prediction equations accounted for 68%, 87%, 84% and 71% of the variation in their measured counterparts, and when used in the DMI equations, accounted for about 80% and 79%, respectively, of the variation of that calculated using laboratory‐measured values. However, neither the laboratory‐ nor proximally sensed estimates of DMI were correlated with that measured DMI in the lambs. Proximally sensed IVTD was incorporated into a sheep‐based intake model where from 7% to 36% of the variability in measured DMI, depending on breed, was explained. This improvement in estimated DMI suggests: 1) that DMI equations based only on forage nutritive values are unlikely to provide acceptable estimates, and 2) that proximally sensed forage nutritive values incorporated into a more comprehensive model, such as that described by Freer, et al. (1997, Agric Syst, 54, 77) may provide a timely grazing decision support system.
eDoctor: machine learning and the future of medicine
Authors: Handelman G. S. , Kok H. K. , Chandra R. V. , Razavi A. H. , Lee M. J. , Asadi H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMachine learning (ML) is a burgeoning field of medicine with huge resources being applied to fuse computer science and statistics to medical problems. Proponents of ML extol its ability to deal with large, complex and disparate data, often found within medicine and feel that ML is the future for biomedical research, personalized medicine, computer‐aided diagnosis to significantly advance global health care. However, the concepts of ML are unfamiliar to many medical professionals and there is untapped potential in the use of ML as a research tool. In this article, we provide an overview of the theory behind ML, explore the common ML algorithms used in medicine including their pitfalls and discuss the potential future of ML in medicine.
Complementary feeding practices among rural Bangladeshi mothers: Results from WASH Benefits study
Authors: Jannat Kaniz , Luby Stephen P. , Unicomb Leanne , Rahman Mahbubur , Winch Peter J. , Parvez Sarker M. , Das Kishor K. , Leontsini Elli , Ram Pavani K. , Stewart Christine P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInappropriate complementary feeding contributes to linear growth faltering in early childhood. Behaviour change interventions have been effective at improving practice, but few studies have investigated the effects of multicomponent integrated interventions. We conducted a cluster‐randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh in which geographic clusters were randomized into seven arms: water treatment (W), sanitation (S), handwashing (H), water, sanitation, and handwashing (WSH), improved nutrition with infant and young child feeding messages and lipid‐based nutrient supplementation for 6‐ to 24‐month olds (N), N+WSH, and control. The objective of this paper was to examine the independent and combined effects of interventions on indicators of complementary feeding. Approximately 1 and 2 years after initiation of the intervention, research assistants surveyed mothers about infant feeding practices. Complementary feeding was examined using the World Health Organization indicators of infant and young child feeding practices. We used Poisson regression models to estimate prevalence ratios and linear regression models for prevalence differences with clustered sandwich estimators to adjust for clustering. A total of 4,718 households from 720 clusters were surveyed at year 1 and 4,667 at year 2. The children in the nutrition arms had a higher prevalence of meeting the minimum dietary diversity score compared with controls (year 1: N: 66.4%; N+WSH: 65.0% vs. C:32.4%; year 2: N: 91.5%; N+WSH: 91.6% vs. C:77.7%). Children in the nutrition arms received diverse food earlier than the children in control arm. In addition, the average consumption of lipid‐based nutrient supplementation was >90% in each follow‐up. Nutrition‐specific interventions could be integrated with nutrition‐sensitive interventions such as WSH without compromising the uptake of the nutrition intervention.
Rapid drink challenge test for the clinical evaluation of patients with Achalasia
Authors: Marin Ingrid , Caballero Noemi , Guarner‐Argente Carlos , Serra Jordi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients with achalasia develop a well‐defined obstructive pattern of pressure in response to a rapid drink challenge test (RDC). Our aim was to determine if successful treatment of achalasia can revert the obstructive pattern of pressure in response to the RDC, and if this simple test could be useful in the follow‐up of patients with achalasia.MethodsIn 26 healthy controls and 103 patients with achalasia, pressure responses to a RDC were prospectively analysed using high resolution esophageal manometry in two consecutive protocols: (a) Development study: one RDC was performed in 20 healthy controls, 63 patients with nontreated achalasia, and 21 patients with previously treated achalasia; (b) Validation study: two RDC were performed before, and 8‐12 weeks after treatment, in 19 patients with nontreated, newly diagnosed achalasia.Key ResultsIn the development study no healthy control, 19% of patients with previously treated achalasia and 96% of patients with nontreated achalasia developed an obstructive pressure pattern during the RDC (P < 0.001). In the validation study, 100% of patients had an obstructive pressure pattern before treatment, that reverted to a nonobstructive pattern in 89% of patients after treatment (P < 0.001). The obstructive pressure pattern during the RDC correlated with clinical symptoms (Eckardt score > 3; P < 0.001), and with the height of the water column retained after the RDC, as assessed by impedance (P = 0.015).Conclusions & InferencesThe RDC may objectively assess treatment outcome in patients with achalasia, and can be recommended in the evaluation of achalasia.
Psychological burden of pediatric primary immunodeficiency
Authors: Kayan Ocakoglu Binay , Karaca Neslihan Edeer , Ocakoglu Fevzi Tuna , Erermis Serpil 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrimary immunodeficiency disorder (PID), being a chronic disorder, may increase the prevalence of psychopathologies, but there are few studies on the effect of disease‐related factors on psychopathology in this population. The aim of this study was therefore to assess and compare three groups: children with PID who receive i.v. immunoglobulin treatment; children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA); and healthy controls with respect to their mental health status.MethodsForty‐four children with PID, 32 children with JIA and 30 healthy controls, underwent psychiatric evaluation. The Childhood Depression Inventory and the screen for child anxiety‐related emotional disorders questionnaire were completed by the participants. The child behavior checklist was completed by the mothers of the participants. In addition, disease‐related factors were identified.ResultsThe frequency of mood disorders between the three groups differed. There was no difference between the PID and JIA groups with respect to the prevalence of mood disorders and other psychopathologies. The disease‐related factors were associated with the frequency of mood disorder in PID patients.ConclusionThe rate of psychopathology was similar in patients with PID and JIA and higher than the controls. Some of the disease‐related factors were associated with the frequency of mood disorders in the PID patients.
Does pictorial health information improve health behaviours and other outcomes? A systematic review protocol
Authors: Schubbe Danielle , Cohen Sarah , Yen Renata W , Muijsenbergh Maria VD , Scalia Peter , Saunders Catherine H , Durand Marie-Anne 
Published: August 2018

IntroductionMost health information is verbal or written, yet words alone may not be the most effective way to communicate health information. Lower health literacy is prevalent in the US and is linked to limited understanding of one’s medical condition and treatment. Pictures increase comprehension, recall, adherence and attention in health settings. This is called pictorial superiority. No systematic review has examined the impact of pictorial health information among patients and consumers, including those with lower health literacy.Methods and analysisThis systematic review and meta-analysis will assess the characteristics and effectiveness of pictorial health information on patient and consumer health behaviours and outcomes, as well as differentially among individuals of lower literacy/lower health literacy. We will conduct a systematic search across selected databases, as well as grey literature, from inception until June 2018. We will include randomised controlled trials in all languages with all types of participants that assess the effect of pictorial health information on patients’ and consumers’ health behaviours and outcomes. Two independent reviewers will conduct the primary screening of articles and data extraction for the selected articles with a third individual available to resolve conflicts. We will assess the quality of all included studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. We will combine all selected studies and do a test of heterogeneity. If there is sufficient homogeneity, we will pool studies into a meta-analysis. Independent of the heterogeneity of included studies, we will also conduct a narrative synthesis.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics approval is required. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018084743.
Empathy Training Through Symptom Burden Simulation
Authors: Addison Polly , Morley Cathy 
Published: August 2018

Background: Providing quality care to hospice and palliative care patients requires the ability to feel and demonstrate empathic behaviors. To acquire a heightened level of empathy, the learner needs to internalize a process of experiencing first-hand real-life symptom burdens common at end of life. Making this happen during new employee orientation is a challenge but with powerful outcomes. Objective: To increase empathy levels in hospice and palliative care staff within the agency. Methods: A mandatory class for all new employees and open sessions for existing employees in a hospice and palliative care setting. Subjecting participants to multiple disease process simulations. Results: All new employees participated in a symptom simulation workshop during their orientation. Conclusions: Ninety-eight percent of the new employees found their experience in the workshop to dramatically positively affect their empathy levels and consequently formulate compassionate responses to patient situations based on their experiences of feeling empathy during the training.
Staff experiences with strategic implementation of clinical health promotion: A nested qualitative study in the WHO-HPH Recognition Process RCT
Authors: Svane Jeff Kirk , Egerod Ingrid , Tønnesen Hanne 
Published: August 2018

Objectives: Health promotion is on the global agenda. The risks targeted include smoking, hazardous alcohol consumption, nutrition and insufficient physical activity. Implementation of clinical health promotion, however, remains a major challenge. While several processes, models and frameworks for strategic implementation exist, very few have been tested in randomized designs. Testing a strategic implementation process for clinical health promotion was only recently attempted via a randomized clinical trial on the World Health Organization Health Promotion Hospitals Recognition Process. The randomized clinical trial showed that the process improved central parts of implementation. To complement these findings, this nested qualitative study aimed to explore experiences and perceptions of staff and managers, who had completed the process, and generate hypotheses for improvements. Methods: We interviewed a purposeful sample of 45 key informants from four countries, who worked at clinical departments and had undertaken the World Health Organization Health Promotion Hospitals implementation process. The informants included 14 managers, 14 medical doctors, 13 nurses and 4 other clinical staff. Interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and an inductive approach to coding and categorization supported by QSR NVivo. Results: The informants’ experiences and perceptions centered around four global themes concerning (1) awareness, cultural re-orientation and integration; (2) learnings; (3) normalization and legitimacy and (4) a more evidence-based, structured and systematic approach to clinical health promotion. Informants were positive toward the implementation process, although it was sometimes challenging. The suggested improvements to increase acceptability related to the patient survey, time consumption, translation, tailoring to local circumstances and in-advance training. Conclusions: Managers and staff were positive toward the World Health Organization Health Promotion Hospitals process, which was perceived to bring about positive changes and learnings. The findings also suggest that the implementation process may be improved by minor adjustments to process elements and design. It is our recommendation to use the process in clinical departments to further implementation of clinical health promotion.
Navigating Systemic Therapy in Advanced Thyroid Carcinoma: From Standard of Care to Personalized Therapy and Beyond
Authors: Rao Sarika N , Cabanillas Maria E 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Thyroid cancer, with the exception of anaplastic thyroid cancer, typically has very favorable outcomes with the standard therapy. However, those that persist, recur, or metastasize are associated with a worse prognosis. Targeted therapy with kinase inhibitors has shown promise in advanced cases of thyroid cancer, and currently five drug regimens are approved for use in clinical practice in the treatment of differentiated, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid cancer, with more options in the pipeline. However, one of the greatest dilemmas is when and how to initiate one of these drugs, and this is discussed herein.
Dynamic stability of the actin ecosystem
Authors: Plastino Julie , Blanchoin Laurent 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
In cells, actin filaments continuously assemble and disassemble while maintaining an apparently constant network structure. This suggests a perfect balance between dynamic processes. Such behavior, operating far out of equilibrium by the hydrolysis of ATP, is called a dynamic steady state. This dynamic steady state confers a high degree of plasticity to cytoskeleton networks that allows them to adapt and optimize their architecture in response to external changes on short time-scales, thus permitting cells to adjust to their environment. In this Review, we summarize what is known about the cellular actin steady state, and what gaps remain in our understanding of this fundamental dynamic process that balances the different forms of actin organization in a cell. We focus on the minimal steps to achieve a steady state, discuss the potential feedback mechanisms at play to balance this steady state and conclude with an outlook on what is needed to fully understand its molecular nature.