bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body size and social status in medieval Alba (Cuneo), Italy
Authors: Weiss Nicole M. , Vercellotti Giuseppe , Boano Rosa , Girotti Marilena , Stout Sam D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesPrevious work by Vercellotti et al. in 2011 found significant status‐related differences in body size in males but not in females from the Italian bioarchaeological assemblage of San Michele di Trino (8th–14th centuries CE). The purpose of the present work is twofold: (a) to determine if status‐related body size differences could be observed in the nearby collection of San Lorenzo di Alba (7th–15th centuries CE) and (b) to add to the emerging narrative of medieval Italians.Materials and MethodsOsteometric data (maximum length for the humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, and fibula; bicondylar length of the femur, condylo‐malleolar length of the tibia, foot height, maximum vertebral heights, and basion‐bregma height) were collected for 50 (20 female, 30 male) individuals from Alba, and Monte Carlo analysis was used to assess differences in skeletal element size, skeletal height, living stature, and body mass across sex and status.ResultsSignificant differences were detected between high status and low status males in Alba for radial maximum length (p = 0.013), tibial maximum length (p = 0.011), tibial condylo‐malleolar length (p = 0.012), skeletal height estimated from condylo‐malleolar tibial length (p = 0.002), and stature estimated from condyle‐malleolar tibial length with the age component (p = 0.003). In contrast, no significant status‐based differences were observed between female subsamples (p > 0.05).DiscussionThe patterns of intrapopulation variation observed at Alba are similar but not as pronounced as those observed at Trino, suggesting that overall life conditions experienced by the two groups were comparable.
The blood pressure paradox in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Hong Lan , Cheng Xin , Lin Longting , Bivard Andrew , Ling Yifeng , Butcher Kenneth , Dong Qiang , Parsons Mark ,   on behalf of the INSPIRE Study Group
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo explore the association of poststroke baseline blood pressure with cerebral collateral flow and functional outcome in acute ischemic patients with large vessel occlusion/stenosis.MethodsPatients identified with large vessel occlusion/stenosis with baseline multimodal computed tomography, follow‐up imaging, and complete clinical profiles were included. A 90‐day modified Rankin Scale of 0–1 was defined as an excellent functional outcome. Cerebral collateral flow was quantified by the volume ratio of tissue within the delay time >3 seconds perfusion lesion with severely delayed contrast transit (delay time >3 seconds/delay time >6 seconds).ResultsThere were 306 patients included in this study. With every increase of 10 mmHg in baseline systolic blood pressure, the odds of achieving an excellent functional outcome decreased by 12% in multivariate analysis (odds ratio = 0.88, p = 0.048). Conversely, increased baseline blood pressure was associated with better collateral flow. In subgroup analysis of patients with major reperfusion, higher blood pressure was associated with decreased infarct growth and a better clinical outcome, and vice versa in patients without reperfusion.InterpretationHigher baseline blood pressure in acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion/stenosis was associated with better collateral flow. However, for patients without reperfusion, higher baseline blood pressure was associated with increased infarct growth, leading to an unfavorable clinical outcome. The relationship between blood pressure and outcomes is highly dependent on reperfusion, and active blood pressure–lowering treatment may be inappropriate in acute ischemic stroke patients prior to reperfusion treatment. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:331–339.
A Tetrasilicon Analogue of Bicyclo[1.1.0]but‐1(3)‐ene Containing a Si=Si Double Bond with an Inverted Geometry
Authors: Iwamoto Takeaki , Abe Takashi , Sugimoto Kunihisa , Hashizume Daisuke , Matsui Hiroshi , Kishi Ryohei , Nakano Masayoshi , Ishida Shintaro 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBicyclo[1.1.0]tetrasil‐1(3)‐ene 1, a tetrasilicon analogue of bicyclo[1.1.0]but‐1(3)‐ene that contains a formal double bond between bridgehead silicon atoms in an inverted geometry, was synthesized and isolated in the form of thermally stable orange crystals. The distance between the bridgehead Si atoms in 1 is much longer than those in typical Si=Si bonds, but still shorter than that of a previously reported pentasila[1.1.1]propellane. DFT calculations suggest that the bridgehead bond in 1 comprises a σ bond with an inverted geometry and a π bond. This notion is supported by the UV/Vis spectrum of 1, which exhibits several absorption bands in the UV/Vis region. While 1 is stable toward typical trapping agents for Si=Si double bonds, 1 reacts with carbon tetrachloride to furnish a hexachlorotetrasilane.
Acetonitrile Activation: An Effective Two‐Carbon Unit for Cyclization
Authors: Qin Qixue , Luo Xiao , Wei Jialiang , Zhu Yuchao , Wen Xiaojin , Song Song , Jiao Ning 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA novel activation of acetonitrile for the construction of cyclobutenones by [2+2] cyclization was developed. Acetonitrile is utilized for the first time as two‐carbon (C2) cyclization building block. The present protocol successfully inhibits the competitive cycloaddition with the C≡N bond of acetonitrile, but enables the in situ formation of an unsaturated carbon–carbon bond and the subsequent cycloaddition as a C2 unit. This chemistry features simple reaction conditions, high chemoselectivities, wide substrate scope, and offers a new and practical approach to cyclobutenones and cyclobuteneimines.
Preparation and application of zinc oxide/poly(m‐phenylene isophthalamide) hybrid ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Sun Zhimeng , Chen Hao , Ren Xiaojing , Zhang Zhongguo , Guo Lugang , Zhang Fengshan , Cheng Hongshun 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTA small molecular‐weight cut‐off (MWCO) of 6000 Da poly(m‐phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) embedded zinc oxide (ZnO) hybrid ultrafiltration (UF) membrane was synthesized via nonsolvent‐induced phase separation (NIPS). Tests of field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), capillary flow porometer (CPF), mechanical test, and pure water flux (PWF) for characterization of membranes were carried out. The EDX, FTIR, and TGA indicated the presence of ZnO in the polymer matrix. The hybrid membranes showed enhanced pore density, PWF by the presence of the particles. The contact angle and water flux of modified membrane with 0.03 wt % of nano‐ZnO were 47.7° and 52.58 L·m−2·h−1compared to 71.6° and 36.27 L·m−2·h−1respectively; Compared with the hydrophobic membrane, the PMIA membrane, with hydrophilicity, is supposed to exhibit good antifouling properties. Furthermore, the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the modified membranes were increased. Finally, the hybrid membrane was used in treating papermaking white wastewater and exhibited good separation and high water flux. The great properties of the ultrafiltration PMIA membranes indicate their potential for excellent performance in industrial applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47583.
Understanding ferroelectric performances of spin‐coated odd–odd nylon thin films
Authors: Tsutsumi Naoto , Kajimoto Nahoko , Kinashi Kenji , Sakai Wataru 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTFerroelectric properties of organic odd–odd nylon spin‐coated thin films are investigated. Nylon 11‐11, 9‐13, and 11‐13 are prepared by melt polymerization of the nylon salt consisting of the corresponding dicarboxylic acid and diamine. The obtained nylon is spin coated to obtain thin films with the thicknesses in the range of 85–108 nm. After spin coating, the sample films are subjected to several thermal history procedures, namely the films are either melt quenched or thermally annealed at various temperatures. The melt‐quenched films are in the γ crystal phase that is directly related to the ferroelectricity of the sample thin films. Enhanced ferroelectricity is measured for the sample films that are thermally annealed at 165 °C. The remanent polarization is significantly affected by the crystallite size. Ferroelectric switching of the thin films is studied by applying a sinusoidal voltage with the frequencies of 1, 10, 100, 1 k, and 10 kHz. The switching speed is evaluated from the full width at half‐maximum of the switching current. A switching speed of 4.7 × 103 s−1 (switching time of 210 μs) is measured for 1 kHz switching. The remanent polarization is strongly decreased by increasing the switching frequency, whereas the coercive field is increased. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47595.
ZnII Complexes for Bioimaging and Correlated Applications
Authors: Tian Xiaohe , Hussain Sajid , de Pace Cesare , Ruiz‐Pérez Lorena , Battaglia Giuseppe 
Published: February 2019

AbstractZinc is a biocompatible element that exists as the second most abundant transition metal ion and an indispensable trace element in the human body. Compared to traditional metal‐organic complexes systems, d10 metal ZnII complexes not only exhibit a large Stokes shift and good photon stability but also possess strong emission and low cytotoxicity with a relatively small molecular weight. The use of ZnII complexes has emerged in the last decade as a versatile and convenient tool for numerous biological applications, including bioimaging, molecular and protein recognition, as well as photodynamic therapy. Herein, we review recent developments involving ZnII metal complexes applied as specific subcellular compartment imaging probes and their correlated utilizations.
Die Eh da‐Initiative
Authors: Künast Christoph , Deubert Mark , Künast Robert , Trapp Matthias 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Eh da‐Initiative basiert auf dem Prinzip, dass es Flächen in Kulturlandschaften gibt, die eh da sind und das Potenzial zur ökologischen Aufwertung haben, ohne dass es zu nennenswerten Nutzungseinschränkungen kommt. Diese Flächen liegen in der offenen Landschaft, sie sind verkehrswegbegleitend, Zwickel in der Agrarlandschaft, Gemeinderasen und andere. Die Initiative verwendet geodatenbasierte Erfassungsmethoden, um Eh da‐Flächen zu detektieren und quantifizieren. Nach einer Geodatenanalyse in ausgewählten Landschaften umfassen Eh da‐Flächen mit 2–6 Prozent einen hohen Flächenanteil der Kommunen Deutschlands. Eh da‐Flächen sind meist schmal, longitudinal und durchziehen netzartig die Landschaft.Vor allem Insekten können durch gezieltes Management von Lebensräumen auf Eh da‐Flächen gefördert werden. Diese können Korridore darstellen und entsprechend auf kommunaler Ebene in Projekte zum Biodiversitätsschutz integriert oder auch für separate Projekte verwendet werden. Kommunikation ist ein Kernelement jeder lokalen Initiative, wobei nicht nur die ökologischen Förderoptionen, sondern auch die kritischen Punkte (gegebenenfalls Förderung von Agrarschädlingen und Unkräutern, Neophyten, pyrrolizidinhaltigen oder allergenen Pflanzen) angesprochen werden sollen.
Nachrichten des Verbandes Biologie, Biowissenschaften & Biomedizin in Deutschland
Authors: Rohden Fabian 
Published: February 2019

Wissenschaft & GesellschaftGenome Editing nach dem EuGH‐UrteilArbeitskreis BTA34. Fachdidaktik – TagungBundesdelegierten‐versammlungLandesverbändeNRW
Batatasenol, a Major Triterpenol from Sweet Potato Skins
Authors: Giner José‐Luis 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSweet potatoes (the tuber of Ipomoea batatas) are a major food crop globally. The sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) is a serious pest of this important crop. The triterpenol, boehmerol, has previously been found in the skin of the tuber where, as its acetate ester, it has been shown to signal oviposition by the weevil. A new triterpenol, batatasenol, was identified in two varieties of sweet potatoes, ‘Covington’ and ‘Purple Stokes’. In the ‘Covington’ variety, batatasenol was practically the only triterpenol present in the skins. In the ‘Purple Stokes’ variety, batatasenol was present along with boehmerol and several minor triterpenols. Based on the structures of the co‐occurring compounds, it is proposed that their biosynthesis involves an epoxysqualene cyclase which can carry out both all‐chair and B‐boat cyclizations.
Intravascular ultrasound of normal left main arteries: Insights for stent optimization and standardization
Authors: Chatterjee Arka , Leesar Massoud A. , Hillegass William B. 
Published: February 2019

Key Points

Left main (LM) lumen diameters >4 mm are the norm and diameter >4.5 mm is present in almost 50% of patients by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).
Normal LM minimum lumen area averages 14.1 mm2 for women and 16.2 mm2 for men, requiring an area stenosis of 57–63% for LM lesion to be hemodynamically significant using the prevailing criterion of 6 mm2 as a cut‐off for revascularization.
Incomplete LM visualization with IVUS is common (68%) without dedicated and specific LM IVUS techniques.
Radiation protection for the echocardiographers: “To each their own”
Authors: Pfeiffer Michael , Chambers Charles 
Published: February 2019

Key Points

This article illustrates the effectiveness of targeted radioprotective strategies for the interventional echocardiographer.
The reader should recognize the importance of engagement of all team members in the multifaceted process of radiation exposure mitigation.
Future efforts/studies should focus on the impact of team oriented training, lab design, and development of novel supplies and equipment to mitigate radiation exposure of all personnel in the cardiac catheterization lab, particularly during more complex interventional procedures.
Heparin, bivalirudin, or the best of both for STEMI interventions
Authors: Gilchrist Ian C. 
Published: February 2019

Key Points

Whether heparin, bivalirudin, or bivalirudin delivered on the background of prior heparin therapy, during primary PCI therapy is associated with a better outcome is difficult to ascertain from any one study.
Meta‐analysis of available trials suggests that the use of bivalirudin on top of prior heparin therapy may be associated with the lowest all‐cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events while preserving much of the access site bleeding reduction of bivalirudin alone.
There may be a role for initial therapy of STEMI with a broad‐spectrum anticoagulant such as heparin that is then focused to a more specific direct‐thrombin inhibitor (bivalirudin) in primary PCI.
A Phosphorus Analogue of p‐Quinodimethane with a Planar P4 Ring: A Metal‐Free Diphosphorus Source
Authors: Rottschäfer Dennis , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Kishi Ryohei , Nakano Masayoshi , Ghadwal Rajendra S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPara‐quinodimethane (pQDM) is a fundamental structural component in many π‐conjugated organic molecules and materials. The incorporation of phosphorus atom into π‐conjugated frameworks offers unique opportunities for controlling the properties of derived species. A phosphorus analogue of p‐quinodimethane (pQDM), (IPrC)2P4 [5, IPr=C{N(Ar)CH2}2; Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3] featuring a planar P4 ring, was readily accessible by KC8‐reduction of (IPrC)(PCl2)2 (2). Base‐mediated C−H functionalization of IPrCH2 (1) with PCl3 afforded 2. The formation of 5 was expected to occur through a dimerization of the transient 3H‐diphosphirene (IPrC)P2 (4), which was theoretically suggested to have an intermediate diradical character. Compound 5 underwent photo‐induced ring‐contraction reaction to form the singlet diradicaloid (IPrCP)2 VI and white phosphorus (P4). The formation of and VI and P4 suggested the formal diphosphorus (P2) elimination from 5. Indeed, photolysis of a mixture of 1,3‐cyclohexadiene (CHD) and 5 led to the formation of P2‐entrapped product (CHD)2P2 (6). The compound 5 represents the first organophosphorus species that functions as a P2 source.
Convenient Access to Chiral Cyclobutanes with Three Contiguous Stereocenters from Verbenone by Directed C(sp3)−H arylation
Authors: Schmitz Alexander J. , Ricke Alexander , Oschmann Michael , Verho Oscar 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis work demonstrates how a series of complex, chiral cyclobutane derivatives can be accessed in four steps from the terpene verbenone through the application of a directed C−H functionalization approach. The developed synthetic route involved an 8‐aminoquinoline‐directed C(sp3)−H arylation as the key step, and this reaction could be carried out with a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl iodides to furnish a variety of cyclobutane products with three contiguous stereocenters. Moreover, it was shown that the 8‐aminoquinoline auxiliary could be effectively removed from the cyclobutane derivatives using an ozonolysis‐based cleavage method.
Electrochemical Radical Borylation of Aryl Iodides
Authors: Hong Junting , Liu Qianyi , Li Feng , Bai Guangcan , Liu Guoquan , Li Man , Nayal Onkar S. , Fu Xuefeng , Mo Fanyang 
Published: February 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionHerein, we report the first electrochemical strategy for the borylation of aryl iodides via a radical pathway using current as a driving force. A mild reaction condition allows an assorted range of readily available aryl iodides to be proficiently converted into synthetically valuable arylboronic esters under transition metal catalyst‐free conditions. Moreover, this method also shows good functional group tolerance. Initial control mechanistic experiments reveal the formation of aryl radical as a key intermediate and the current plays an important role in the generation of radical intermediate.
On the memory attribution problem: A solution and case study using MPI
Authors: Gutiérrez Samuel K. , Arnold Dorian C. , Davis Kei , McCormick Patrick 
Published: February 2019

SummaryAs parallel applications running on large‐scale computing systems become increasingly memory constrained, the ability to attribute memory usage to the various components of the application is becoming increasingly important. We present the design and implementation of memnesia, a novel memory usage profiler for parallel and distributed message‐passing applications. Our approach captures both application– and message‐passing library–specific memory usage statistics from unmodified binaries dynamically linked to a message‐passing communication library. Using microbenchmarks and proxy applications, we evaluated our profiler across three Message Passing Interface (MPI) implementations and two hardware platforms. The results show that our approach and the corresponding implementation can accurately quantify memory resource usage as a function of time, scale, communication workload, and software or hardware system architecture, clearly distinguishing between application and MPI library memory usage at a per‐process level. With this new capability, we show that job size, communication workload, and hardware/software architecture influence peak runtime memory usage. In practice, this tool provides a potentially valuable source of information for application developers seeking to measure and optimize memory usage.
Vacuum‐UV and Low‐Energy Electron‐Induced DNA Strand Breaks – Influence of the DNA Sequence and Substrate
Authors: Vogel Stefanie , Ebel Kenny , Schürmann Robin M. , Heck Christian , Meiling Till , Milosavljevic Aleksandar R. , Giuliani Alexandre , Bald Ilko 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDNA is effectively damaged by radiation, which can on the one hand lead to cancer and is on the other hand directly exploited in the treatment of tumor tissue. DNA strand breaks are already induced by photons having an energy below the ionization energy of DNA. At high photon energies, most of the DNA strand breaks are induced by low‐energy secondary electrons. In the present study we quantified photon and electron induced DNA strand breaks in four different 12mer oligonucleotides. They are irradiated directly with 8.44 eV vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photons and 8.8 eV low energy electrons (LEE). By using Si instead of VUV transparent CaF2 as a substrate the VUV exposure leads to an additional release of LEEs, which have a maximum energy of 3.6 eV and can significantly enhance strand break cross sections. Atomic force microscopy is used to visualize strand breaks on DNA origami platforms and to determine absolute values for the strand break cross sections. Upon irradiation with 8.44 eV photons all the investigated sequences show very similar strand break cross sections in the range of 1.7–2.3×10−16 cm2. The strand break cross sections for LEE irradiation at 8.8 eV are one to two orders of magnitude larger than the ones for VUV photons, and a slight sequence dependence is observed. The sequence dependence is even more pronounced for LEEs with energies <3.6 eV. The present results help to assess DNA damage by photons and electrons close to the ionization threshold.
Enhanced Production of γ‐Valerolactone with an Internal Source of Hydrogen on Ca‐Modified TiO2 Supported Ru Catalysts
Authors: Wojciechowska Joanna , Jędrzejczyk Marcin , Grams Jacek , Keller Nicolas , Ruppert Agnieszka M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInvited for this month's cover are the groups from Lodz University of Technology (Poland) and from the University of Strasbourg (France). The image shows the interest of a fine light‐driven tuning of the ruthenium nanoparticle size on titania supports for designing highly active and selective catalysts for biomass valorization. The Full paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201801947.
Use of hidden Markov capture–recapture models to estimate abundance in the presence of uncertainty: Application to the estimation of prevalence of hybrids in animal populations
Authors: Santostasi Nina Luisa , Ciucci Paolo , Caniglia Romolo , Fabbri Elena , Molinari Luigi , Reggioni Willy , Gimenez Olivier 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEstimating the relative abundance (prevalence) of different population segments is a key step in addressing fundamental research questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation. The raw percentage of individuals in the sample (naive prevalence) is generally used for this purpose, but it is likely to be subject to two main sources of bias. First, the detectability of individuals is ignored; second, classification errors may occur due to some inherent limits of the diagnostic methods. We developed a hidden Markov (also known as multievent) capture–recapture model to estimate prevalence in free‐ranging populations accounting for imperfect detectability and uncertainty in individual's classification. We carried out a simulation study to compare naive and model‐based estimates of prevalence and assess the performance of our model under different sampling scenarios. We then illustrate our method with a real‐world case study of estimating the prevalence of wolf (Canis lupus) and dog (Canis lupus familiaris) hybrids in a wolf population in northern Italy. We showed that the prevalence of hybrids could be estimated while accounting for both detectability and classification uncertainty. Model‐based prevalence consistently had better performance than naive prevalence in the presence of differential detectability and assignment probability and was unbiased for sampling scenarios with high detectability. We also showed that ignoring detectability and uncertainty in the wolf case study would lead to underestimating the prevalence of hybrids. Our results underline the importance of a model‐based approach to obtain unbiased estimates of prevalence of different population segments. Our model can be adapted to any taxa, and it can be used to estimate absolute abundance and prevalence in a variety of cases involving imperfect detection and uncertainty in classification of individuals (e.g., sex ratio, proportion of breeders, and prevalence of infected individuals).