bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Operational Efficiency and Energy Saving Through the Implementation of Long Stroke Units in Field A: Mitigating High Failure Rates for Sustainable Deployment
Authors: Al Shukaili Ghosin , Al Kindi Said , Rady Haytham , Al Hatmi Fahad , Al Ajmi Ahmed , Al Riyami Yaqoob , Al Lawati Mehdi , Al Ghadani Adnan , Al Sawafi Mohammed , Al Matroushi Saif 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Field A, the largest cluster in Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), faced a significant challenge with a high overall artificial lift failure index, surpassing industry standards at 28% in 2020. The primary contributors to this index were beam pump (BP) wells. In response, a comprehensive workshop was conducted involving all stakeholders to address the issue of artificial lift failures. Field A's artificial lift fail-less strategy was formulated and implemented as a result of this workshop. A long stroke unit (LSU) was deployed in Field A as a result of the persistently high failure rates for conventional beam pump units (BP), which exceeded 32% in 2020. In an effort to mitigate these challenges, a series of successful trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of LSU, which led to the conversion of 70 conventional BP units to LSUs between 2020 and 2023.
The results obtained from the deployment of LSU in Field A showcased significantly improved run life, indicated by a reduction in failure index. This increase in reliability contributed to the avoidance of subsurface deferments due to less failures and tripping, resulting in estimated additional production of 320 bbl/d.
Additionally, LSUs reduced the number of well interventions, primarily due to fewer failures. It resulted in a substantial improvement in the life cycle of the wells, saving $2.94 million annually.
As a result of the deployment of LSUs, power savings were also achieved. In comparison to conventional BP units, LSU demonstrated a remarkable 40% reduction in power consumption, resulting in a significant decrease in carbon dioxide equivalent emissions by 4575 tCO2e since LSUs deployment.
This successful implementation not only addressed high failure rates but also enhanced system reliability, reduced corrective maintenance, lowered power consumption, and effectively reduced oil deferment. This abstract outlines these positive outcomes, the challenges faced during implementation, and strategies used to overcome them. Additionally, it presents a roadmap for deploying LSUs across Field ‘A, with plans for over 150 LSUs installation in the next five years. The study provides valuable insights for the oil and gas industry, showcasing the potential for wide adoption of LSUs to enhance performance in similar fields.
Innovative Approach in ESP Power Optimization for Large Field
Authors: Winarno M. B. , Eissa M. A. , Flores M. R. A. Ramos , Khalifah M. A. , Isichei O. L. , Malki S. S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) is very popular artificial lift method to produce at high production rate. However, ESP power consumption is costly and mandate proper optimization to operate at the optimal condition. ESP energy optimization directly improve operational efficiency and reduces lifting cost and greenhouse gas emission.
The ESP power optimization is challenging exercise and requires involvement from multiple organizations. The process has to go through excess of possible combinations of surface choke valve positions and pump speed until reaching an optimized setting. Optimization of ESP operations helps operators to meet production target while maximizing the efficiency of the pump operation. However, it cannot be achieved easily, especially where time and resources are scarce. An innovative approach capitalizing the digital-twin model and artificial intelligence technologies to optimize the ESP performance and adhering to the environmental challenges of reducing CO2 emission has been introduced to expedite the optimization process.
The new approach automatically utilizes ESP real time data, ESP installation data along with the well model to determine the ESP's optimal WHP and ESP frequency. The modelling will be automatically updated based on real time data and provide predictions of recommended operation frequency and optimum wellhead pressure, which is translated to choke size, to operate the ESP at BEP (Best Efficiency Point) and to maximize production rate and minimize power consumption. The optimization process has been implemented in the field resulting in a significant power consumption saving and CO2 emission reduction. Further gains are also expected from ESP performance, resulting in longer ESP run life and reduce number of workover cost.
This paper will share the ESP optimization journey using the advisory tool from obtaining the data, performing the calculations, providing the recommendations, and field implementation of these recommendations.
The best practices and lessons learnt were captured as a reference for future ESP power optimization advisory tool enhancement.
Numerical Method Implementation to Determine the Volumetric Expansion of Dielectric Oil Through the Motor and Protectors Configurations in ESP Systems
Authors: Escobar C. , Zuluaga J. , Muriel J. , Serrano J. , Muñoz J. , Hernandez M. 
Published: October 2024

Resume
This study provides an analysis of the functions of protector/seals in electric submersible pump (ESP) applications and explores how different configurations impact the calculation of the volumetric expansion of dielectric oil. A systematic procedure has been developed to assess this expansion, including evaluating the behavior of the oil through the seals and motor under real operational conditions. This procedure has been validated through an experimental approach, confirming the accuracy and reliability of the proposed calculation method.
The document also includes a thorough sensitivity analysis, examining how various parameters influence system performance. This analysis has led to the development of specific recommendations for the design and selection of seals, aimed at mitigating failures associated with thermal cycles in ESP systems. The recommendations derived from the study are intended to optimize equipment design, enhance operational efficiency, and extend the lifespan of the systems.
In conclusion, this work provides a methodological framework for calculating volumetric expansion in ESP systems and offers practical method based on detailed analysis and experimentation to address thermal challenges associated with these systems. The proposed recommendations have the potential to significantly reduce operational failures and improve the reliability of electric submersible pump systems in various industrial applications.
Topological classification of cycloadditions occurring on-surface and in the solid-state
Authors: Palma Carlos-Andres , Li Juan , Mirzanejad Amir , Dong Wen-Han , Liu Kun , Richter Marcus , Wang Xiao-Ye , Berger Reinhard , Du Shixuan , Auwärter Willi , Barth Johannes V. , Ma Ji , Müllen Klaus , Feng Xinliang , Sun Jiatao , Muechler Lukas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The study of cycloaddition mechanisms is central to the fabrication of extended sp2 carbon nanostructures such as spin-chains. Reaction modeling in this context has focused mostly on putative, energetically preferred, exothermic products with limited consideration for symmetry allowed or forbidden mechanistic effects. To classify and optimize allowed reaction mechanisms modern topological tools can be explored. Here, we introduce a scheme for classifying symmetry-forbidden reaction coordinates in Woodward-Hoffmann correlation diagrams. Topological classifiers grant access to the study of reaction pathways and correlation diagrams in the same footing, for the purpose of elucidating mechanisms and products of polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylide (PAMY) cycloadditions with pentacene–yielding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with an isoindole core in the solid-state and on surfaces, as characterized by mass spectrometry and scanning tunneling microscopy, respectively. By means of a tight-binding reaction model and density functional theory (DFT) we find topologically-allowed pathways for an endothermic reaction mechanism. Our work unveils topological classification as a crucial element of reaction modeling for nanographene engineering, and highlights its fundamental role in the design of cycloadditions in on-surface and solid-state chemical reactions, while underscoring that exothermic pathways can be topologically-forbidden.
A mystery solved: human high-frequency middle-ear motion
Authors: McHugh Christopher , Ravicz Michael , Secchia Paul , Graf Lukas , Cho Nam-Hyun , Nakajima Hideko 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The middle ear transforms sound from low-impedance external air to high-impedance cochlear fluid. However, the human stapes – the input to the cochlea – has been reported to have minimal or no motion above ~ 4 kHz. For decades, this lack of observed high-frequency stapes motion has been puzzling, as it is inconsistent with our ability to hear up to 20 kHz. In this study we address this mysterious discrepancy. Here, we succeed in measuring robust high-frequency stapes motion up to 20 kHz in fresh human cadaveric ears. Furthermore, when stapes motion is robust at high frequencies, these ears also show robust cochlear partition motion measured in situ. The ability to measure robust high-frequency stapes and cochlear motion represents an advancement in the field. To preserve high-frequency sound transmission, we modify surgical technique to prevent loosening of the ossicular chain. This implies that similar modifications in otologic surgery for patients may better preserve high-frequency hearing. The importance of this is that the ability to understand speech in noisy environments and sound localization requires high-frequency hearing.
Learning digital twin: case study on chatter suppression based on a time varying stability map
Authors: Zhou Zhibo , Walther Michael , Verl Alexander 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose:Chatter is a frequent problem during machining operations. It significantly influences the machining quality. A stability lobe diagram (SLD) can be utilized to avoid chatter. However, the generated SLD should be frequently modified because it is influenced by different time-varying factors, e.g., wear. In this work, we propose a new method for the generation of SLD considering its variation process.Methods:The SLD is generated by a learning digital twin (LDT). We first propose the structure of the LDT. Two algorithms based on concept drift are proposed to detect the drift of the physical machine. A new hybrid model structure is proposed and used to simulate the behavior of the physical machine. The modified SLD is then generated by the evaluation of the simulated behavior of the hybrid model.Results:The results show that the change in SLD can be correctly detected. The modification of the SLD also receives high accuracy.Conclusion:We conclude that the LDT can be utilized for the generation of SLD and remains high accuracy in the life time of the physical machine.
A Case Report: Iridociliary Melanocytoma Associated with Secondary Glaucoma
Authors: Sun Yi , Chen Yuanyuan , Zhu Jing , Guo Juan , Wang Zhanfeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Distinguishing between benign iridociliary melanocytoma and malignant melanoma presents a diagnostic challenge, particularly given the potential overlap in tumor growth patterns and clinical manifestations, especially when patients present with secondary glaucoma. Misdiagnosis may induce severe clinical consequences, including enucleation. Therefore, the judicious selection of biopsy or surgical techniques is crucial in both diagnosing and managing the condition.
Case presentation: A 44-year-old female presented with uncontrolled elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and a heavily pigmented iris lesion extending into the anterior chamber angle and adjacent ciliary body. Unexpectedly, standardized initial fine-needle aspiration biopsy yielded inconclusive results. Subsequent excisional surgery (partial iridocyclectomy and concurrent phacoemulsification) was performed to remove the tumor mass and treat cataract. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis as melanocytoma. Lens implantation followed upon normalization of IOP within 8 months. At the 2-year follow-up, the patient exhibited a satisfactory clinical outcome, with no tumor recurrence, achieving a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 and an intraocular pressure of 18.5 mmHg.
Conclusions
This case underscores the importance of obtaining adequate tumor specimens for accurate diagnosis via fine-needle aspiration biopsy in iris and ciliary body tumors. Additionally, for patients with secondary glaucoma, partial iridocyclectomy emerges as a promising intervention, addressing anterior chamber angle obstruction to alleviate intraocular pressure while facilitating histopathological diagnosis for subsequent management.
Environmentally relevant concentrations of butachlor inhibited the development of the green toad (Bufotes sitibundus) during the incubation period
Authors: Pesarakloo Alireza , Zarei Zahra , Mirkamali Sayed Jamal , Esmaeilbeigi Milad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Butachlor is one of the most widely used herbicides in agricultural areas throughout the world. Studies have measured the toxicity of butachlor in single life stages of amphibians, however, less attention has been paid to the impacts of this herbicide on various life stages. Therefore, we collected the eggs of the green toad Bufotes sitibundus from a clean environment with no history of pesticides. We then exposed the collected eggs to the environmentally relevant concentrations of butachlor and measured the growth, survival, and development of green toad during the incubation period. We also measured five different responses i.e., length at the beginning of metamorphosis (LBM), length at the formation of forelimb bud (LFF), length at the end of metamorphosis (LEM), weight at the beginning of metamorphosis (WBM), and weight at the end of metamorphosis (WEM) during the incubation period. The survival rate showed an indirect relationship with butachlor concentrations. The longest development duration was recorded for toads reared in the control (110 days), while the shortest duration (9 days) was observed in the highest butachlor concentration (i.e., 1.5 mg/L), with the highest mortality recorded in this treatment. with all the eggs being died at days 11 and 9 after the start of incubation. We found a significant difference between the survival of toads in butachlor treatments and the control group (P < 0.05). We observed a significant difference between treatments and the control group in LBM, LFF, LEM, and WEM (P < 0.05), except WBM (P > 0.05). Our findings highlight that butachlor at environmentally relevant concentrations inhibited the development of the green toad and mitigated the survival of eggs and larvae, resulting in the unsuccessful completion of the development before metamorphosis as a critical life stage.
Gender Disparities in Tobacco, Alcohol Consumption and Dietary Diversity Among Indian Adults (15-49): Insights from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) 2019-21
Authors: Yadav-Jagtap Priyanka , Saikia Nandita 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Understanding gender-specific health behaviors is crucial for assessing mortality risk factors. In India, the paucity of data has hindered research in this area. This study fills this gap by investigating gender differences in smoking, alcohol consumption, and diversified dietary habits among Indian adults. This study further explored the differences in gender-specific health behaviors among rural urban areas.
Methods
Using data from the National Family Health Surveys (NFHS-5) 2019-21, we analyzed individuals aged 15–49 years via bivariate and multivariate statistical techniques. We carried out binary logistic regression to assess the likelihood of engaging in these behaviors on the basis of gender and other socioeconomic factors.
Results
According to the NFHS-5 data, tobacco use is substantially greater among men (42.19%) than among women (6.5%), and alcohol consumption is also more prevalent among men (25.43%) than among women (1.87%). Men demonstrate greater dietary diversity, with 28.25% consuming diverse foods, whereas 23.6% of women do so. Gender dynamics remain consistent when differences by rural and urban residence are analyzed. However, rural men consume more alcohol and tobacco substances than their urban counterparts do (34.3% vs. 31.2%), whereas rural women have lower dietary diversity than urban women do (21.3% vs. 30.7%). Notably, the use of smokeless tobacco among women (5.53%) exceeds that of smokers (0.52%), with this difference being more pronounced in rural areas.
Conclusion
This study highlights significant gender disparities in health behaviors among Indian adults. Men are more likely to consume substances such as alcohol and tobacco (25.6 times higher, 95% CI: 24.29 26.12) but have better dietary diversity (1.34 times higher, 95% CI: 1.31 1.37) than women. Rural areas are disadvantaged in terms of a higher prevalence of consuming these substances, especially in men, and a lower percentage of people eat diverse diets, especially women, whereas urban areas present relative advantages. Targeted, gender-specific health interventions are needed, particularly in rural settings, to address these disparities and promote healthier lifestyles.
Development of a Patient-Centered Symptom-Reporting Application in Pharmacy Settings Utilizing a Hierarchical Patient-friendly Symptom List
Authors: Watanabe Seiya , Kizaki Hayato , Hori Satoko 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Effective symptom identification, a key responsibility for community pharmacists, require patients to describe their symptoms. However, current practices may be insufficient in capturing patient-reported symptoms comprehensively. This study aimed to develop an application integrating a hierarchical list of symptoms to facilitate symptom reporting by patients in pharmacy settings.
Methods:
Subjective symptom-related terms were extracted from the Patient-Friendly Term List version 23.0 of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA®). These terms were consolidated and organized into a hierarchical, user-friendly symptom list. An application incorporating this list was developed for pharmacy settings, featuring a symptom-selection interface and free-text input field for additional symptoms. Usability tests and semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants aged over 20 years. Interview transcripts were analyzed using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model to evaluate factors influencing the acceptance of technology.
Results:
In total, 795 terms, selected from the Patient-Friendly Term List, were organized into 40 site-specific subcategories and grouped into broader site categories. These terms were consolidated into 211 patient-friendly symptom terms, forming a hierarchical symptom list. The symptom-reporting application, including a free-text input option, was tested by five adults. Participants found the interface intuitive and easy to use, requiring minimal effort, and provided positive feedback regarding the potential utility of the application in pharmacy settings.
Conclusion:
The user-friendly application with a hierarchically structured symptom list and complementary free-text entry has potential benefits for improving the accuracy and efficiency of symptom reporting, thus enhancing communication between patients and pharmacists.
Abortion Legalization, Son Preference, and Intensified Sex Selection in Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Santosh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This paper investigates the causal relationship between Nepal's 2002 abortion legalization and sex-biased fertility decisions. Despite the ban on neonatal sex identification, strong son preferences may drive some couples to influence service providers for prenatal sex identification. Analyzing six rounds of DHS data, we find clear evidence of sex-biased abortions in Nepal. Couples without a son are more likely to influence the sex of subsequent children. Following abortion legalization, having a firstborn girl reduces the probability of a girl in the second birth by 2.5 percentage points. The effect grows with higher-order births: not having a son in the first two births reduces the likelihood of a girl in the third birth by 6–8 percentage points, while in the fourth birth, among women with three previous daughters, the likelihood decreases by 8–12 percentage points. There is substantial heterogeneity in the impacts of abortion legalization: sex selection rises significantly among women with at least a primary education and those from wealthier households. Additionally, sex selection is more prevalent in Hindu communities, particularly among Hill Brahmins and Chhetris than in other ethnic groups. These findings highlight the importance of accompanying changes in abortion legislation with population policies that incentivize couples to not engage in sex-selective abortions, ensuring that reproductive rights do not inadvertently reinforce existing gender inequalities.
JEL Codes: J11, J13
scE2EGAE: Enhancing Single-cell RNA-Seq Data Analysis through an End-to-End Cell-Graph-Learnable Graph Autoencoder with Differentiable Edge Sampling
Authors: Wang Shuo , Liu Yuanning , Zhang Hao , Liu Zhen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) technology reveals biological processes and molecular-level genomic information among individual cells. Numerous computational methods, including methods based on graph neural networks (GNNs), have been developed to enhance scRNA-Seq data analysis. However, existing GNNs-based methods usually construct fixed graphs by applying the k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm, which may result in information loss.
Methods: To address this problem, we propose scE2EGAE, which learns cell graphs during the training processes. Firstly, the scRNA-Seq data is fed into a deep count autoencoder (DCA). Secondly, the hidden representations of DCA are extracted and then used to generate cell-to-cell graph edges through a straight-through estimator based on top-k sampling and Gumbel-softmax. Finally, the generated cell-to-cell graph and scRNA-Seq data are fed into the GNNs-based downstream tasks. In this paper, we design a graph autoencoder which performs denoising on scRNA-Seq data as the downstream task.
Results: We evaluate scE2EGAE on eight public scRNA-Seq datasets and compare its performance with seven existing scRNA-Seq data denoising methods. In this paper, extensive experiments are conducted, encompassing: 1) the evaluation of denoising performance, with metrics including mean absolute error (MAE), Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), and cosine similarity (CS); 2) the assessment of clustering performance of the denoised results, utilizing adjusted rand index (ARI) and normalized mutual information (NMI); and 3) the evaluation of the cell trajectory inference performance of the denoised results, measured by the pseudo-temporal ordering score (POS). The results show that scE2EGAE outperforms most of the methods, proving that it can learn cell-to-cell graphs containing real information of cell-to-cell relationships.
Conclusions: In this paper, we validate the proposed scE2EGAE method through its application to the denoising task of scRNA-Seq data. This method demonstrates its capability to learn inter-cellular relationships and construct cell-to-cell graphs, thereby enhancing downstream analysis of scRNA-Seq data. Our approach can serve as an inspiration for future research on scRNA-Seq analysis methods based on GNNs, holding broad application prospects.