bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motorcycle helmets and cervical spine injuries: a 5-year experience at a Level 1 trauma center
Authors: Page Paul S. , Wei Zhikui , Brooks Nathaniel P. 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVEMotorcycle helmets have been shown to decrease the incidence and severity of traumatic brain injury due to motorcycle crashes. Despite this proven efficacy, some previous reports and speculation suggest that helmet use is associated with a higher likelihood of cervical spine injury (CSI). In this study, the authors examine 1061 cases of motorcycle crash victims who were treated during a 5-year period at a Level 1 trauma center to investigate the association of helmet use with the incidence and severity of CSI. The authors hypothesized that wearing a motorcycle helmet during a motorcycle crash is not associated with an increased risk of CSI and may provide some protective advantage to the wearer.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective review of all cases in which the patient had been involved in a motorcycle crash and was evaluated at a single Level 1 trauma center in Wisconsin between January 1, 2010, and January 1, 2015. Biometric, clinical, and imaging data were obtained from a trauma registry database. The patients were then divided into 2 distinct groups based on whether or not they were wearing helmets at the time of the accident. Baseline and functional characteristics were compared between the 2 groups. The Student t-test was used for continuous variables, and Pearson’s chi-square analysis was used for categorical variables.RESULTSIn total, 1061 patient charts were examined containing data on 738 unhelmeted (69.6%) and 323 helmeted (30.4%) motorcycle riders. On average, helmeted riders had a much lower Injury Severity Score (p < 0.001). Cervical spine injury occurred in 114 unhelmeted riders (15.4%) compared with only 24 helmeted riders (7.4%) (p < 0.001), with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.3 (95% CI 1.44–3.61, p = 0.0005). In the unhelmeted group, 10.8% of patients were found to have a cervical spine fracture compared with only 4.6% of patients in the helmeted group (p = 0.001). Additionally, ligamentous injury occurred more frequently in unhelmeted riders (1.9% vs 0.3%, p = 0.04). No difference was found in the occurrence of cervical strain, cord contusion, or nerve root injury (all p > 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study demonstrate a statistically significant lower likelihood of suffering a CSI among helmeted motorcyclists. Unhelmeted riders sustained a statistically significant higher number of vertebral fractures and ligamentous injuries. The study findings reported here confirm the authors’ hypothesis that helmet use does not increase the risk of developing a cervical spine fracture and may provide some protective advantage.
Sugar for sustenance: Nutrition studies in French colonial Morocc
Authors: Cornwell Graham H. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In interwar Morocco, French colonial policies aimed to transform the country into an export-oriented agricultural economy in which one-time small farmers became wage labourers on large-scale monoculture enterprises. But as a rapidly urbanising population lost its own means of food production, Protectorate efforts to alleviate 'colonial malnutrition' and low standards of living focused on the accessibility and affordability of sugar for the indigenous population. Sugar provided not just an economically and physiologically efficient calorie source, it also meshed with the French ethnographic constructions of the Moroccan diet. This article shows how French officials struggled to reconcile scientific ideas about Moroccans' biological needs with their foundational belief in Moroccan cultural difference.
Food, farming and universal health: The
Medical Testament
and the organic movement
Authors: Sayre Laura 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

The
Medical Testament
, a short pamphlet published by a group of English physicians in 1939, occupies a key place in the history of the organic movement. Widely cited by later advocates of organic farming, the document is today difficult to find and largely forgotten. Its arguments and its history bear close reading, however, particularly for the way they stitch together local and global evidence in favour of a specific view of human and ecological health. Highlighting the work of two career civil servants in British India - Robert McCarrison, a medical doctor and nutritionist, and Albert Howard, an agronomist and early champion of composting - the
Medical Testament
asserted the relevance of these men's work to the health of the inhabitants of Cheshire, and by extension to human health everywhere. The core claim of the
Medical Testament
- that human health was best secured by the consumption of fresh foods grown in well-managed soils - remains at once irrefutable and unprovable, a dream of universal health undercut by the disruptions of empire and industrialisation that helped bring that vision into perspective.
Corrigendum: Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin monotherapy for treating type 2 diabetes: systematic review and economic evaluation
Authors: Johnston Rhona , Uthman Olalekan , Cummins Ewen , Clar Christine , Royle Pamela , Colquitt Jill , Tan Bee Kang , Clegg Andrew , Shantikumar Saran , Court Rachel , O’Hare J Paul , McGrane David , Holt Tim , Waugh Norman 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Empagliflozin (Jardiance, Merck & Co., Darmstadt, Germany) has been replaced with empagliflozin (Jardiance, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim, Germany/Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA).
Sitagliptin (Januvia, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bracknell, UK) has been replaced with sitagliptin (Januvia, Merck Sharp & Dohme Limited, Kenilworth, NJ, USA).
La république d'Albanie et la question du Kosovo
Authors: Gjeloshaj Kolë , De Waele Jean-Michel 
Published: March 2018

Kolë Gjeloshaj & Jean-Michel de Waele, «La République d'Albanie et la question du Kosovo», pp 165-198.
La proclamation d'indépendance, au début des années quatre-vingt dix, de quatre des six Républiques qui constituaient la seconde Yougoslavie et de l'une de ses deux provinces autonomes, ainsi que la fin de l'isolement de la République d'Albanie, ont eu, entre autres conséquences, de donner une dimension nouvelle à «la question albanaise » et d'évoquer à nouveau la constitution de la mythique «Grande Albanie» regroupant l'ensemble des Albanais des Balkans. Dans ce cadre, l'analyse des relations entre la République d'Albanie (où vit la majorité des Albanais des Balkans) et les Albanais vivant en Yougoslavie (Monténégro et Kosovo) et en Macédoine, nous permet de définir la position de Tirana depuis la seconde guerre mondiale sur la question nationale, ainsi que la pertinance du concept de «Grande Albanie» du point de vue de Tirana. JMdW & KG
L'islam turc de la diaspora en Allemagne : les forces des communautés imaginées
Authors: Tietze Nikola 
Published: March 2018

Nikola Tietze, «L'Islam turc de la diaspora en Allemagne : les forces des communautés imaginaires», pp. 253-269
Le propos de cet article est de s'interroger sur les transformations du réfèrent fédérateur de la diaspora -c'est-à-dire du principe islamo-turc -à partir du point de vue du croyant individuel et en fonction de sa situation dans la société allemande. En partant d'une analyse des formes de religiosité musulmane observables parmi des jeunes adultes de la deuxième ou troisième génération de l'immigration turque, l'auteur montre dans un premier temps cette diversification des modes d'adhésion religieuse qui s'opère à l'intérieur de l'islam turc en Allemagne. Dans une deuxième partie, il est question des mémoires plurielles qui découlent de la pluralisation des formes de croire et de sentir une appartenance à la communauté des croyants. Lorsque les expressions musulmanes se diversifient et deviennent instables, les mémoires religieuses et celles de l'origine ne peuvent plus se fixer dans une seule forme communautaire capable de structurer la diaspora. Une multitude des communautés imaginaires émerge dans l'espace de l'islam turc en Allemagne et concurrencent les organisations traditionnelles de la diaspora qui dès lors ne peut de se décliner qu'au pluriel et dans le fluctuant. NT
Discovery of Three Self-lensing Binaries from Kepler
Authors: Kawahara Hajime , Masuda Kento , MacLeod Morgan , Latham David W. , Bieryla Allyson , Benomar Othman 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We report the discovery of three edge-on binaries with white dwarf (WD) companions that gravitationally magnify (instead of eclipsing) the light of their stellar primaries, as revealed by a systematic search for pulses with long periods in the Kepler photometry. We jointly model the self-lensing light curves and radial-velocity orbits to derive the WD masses, all of which are close to 0.6 solar masses. The orbital periods are long, ranging from 419 to 728 days, and the eccentricities are low, all less than 0.2. These characteristics are reminiscent of the orbits found for many blue stragglers in open clusters and the field, for which stable mass transfer due to Roche-lobe overflow from an evolving primary (now a WD) has been proposed as the formation mechanism. Because the actual masses for our three WD companions have been accurately determined, these self-lensing systems would provide excellent tests for models of interacting binaries.
Detection of Dust Condensations in the Orion Bar Photon-dominated Region
Authors: Qiu Keping , Xie Zeqiang , Zhang Qizhou 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We report Submillimeter Array dust continuum and molecular spectral line observations toward the Orion Bar photon-dominated region (PDR). The 1.2 mm continuum map reveals, for the first time, a total of nine compact (r < 0.01 pc) dust condensations located within a distance of ∼0.03 pc from the dissociation front of the PDR. Part of the dust condensations are also seen in spectral line emissions of CS (5–4) and H2CS (71,7–61,6), though the CS map also reveals dense gas further away from the dissociation front. We also detect compact emissions in H2CS (60,6–50,5), (62,4–52,3) and C34S, C33S (4–3) toward bright dust condensations. The line ratio of H2CS (60,6–50,5)/(62,4–52,3) suggests a temperature of 73 ± 58 K. A nonthermal velocity dispersion of ∼0.25–0.50 km s−1 is derived from the high spectral resolution C34S data and indicates a subsonic to transonic turbulence in the condensations. The masses of the condensations are estimated from the dust emission, and range from 0.03 to 0.3 M
⊙, all significantly lower than any critical mass that is required for self-gravity to play a crucial role. Thus the condensations are not gravitationally bound, and could not collapse to form stars. In cooperating with recent high-resolution observations of the compressed surface layers of the molecular cloud in the Bar, we speculate that the condensations are produced as a high-pressure wave induced by the expansion of the H ii region compresses and enters the cloud. A velocity gradient along a direction perpendicular to the major axis of the Bar is seen in H2CS (71,7–61,6), and is consistent with the scenario that the molecular gas behind the dissociation front is being compressed.
A Multi-instrument and Multi-wavelength High Angular Resolution Study of MWC 614: Quantum Heated Particles Inside the Disk Cavity*
Authors: Kluska Jacques , Kraus Stefan , Davies Claire L. , Harries Tim , Willson Matthew , Monnier John D. , Aarnio Alicia , Baron Fabien , Millan-Gabet Rafael , Brummelaar Theo Ten , Che Xiao , Hinkley Sasha , Preibisch Thomas , Sturmann Judit , Sturmann Laszlo , Touhami Yamina 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
High angular resolution observations of young stellar objects are required to study the inner astronomical units of protoplanetary disks in which the majority of planets form. As they evolve, gaps open up in the inner disk regions and the disks are fully dispersed within ∼10 Myr. MWC 614 is a pretransitional object with a ∼10 au radius gap. We present a set of high angular resolution observations of this object including SPHERE/ZIMPOL polarimetric and coronagraphic images in the visible, Keck/NIRC2 near-infrared (NIR) aperture masking observations, and Very Large Telescope Interferometer (AMBER, MIDI, and PIONIER) and Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CLASSIC and CLIMB) long-baseline interferometry at infrared wavelengths. We find that all the observations are compatible with an inclined disk (i ∼ 55° at a position angle of ∼20°–30°). The mid-infrared data set confirms that the disk inner rim is at 12.3 ± 0.4 au from the central star. We determined an upper mass limit of 0.34 M
⊙ for a companion inside the cavity. Within the cavity, the NIR emission, usually associated with the dust sublimation region, is unusually extended (∼10 au, 30 times larger than the theoretical sublimation radius) and indicates a high dust temperature (T ∼ 1800 K). As a possible result of companion-induced dust segregation, quantum heated dust grains could explain the extended NIR emission with this high temperature. Our observations confirm the peculiar state of this object where the inner disk has already been accreted onto the star, exposing small particles inside the cavity to direct stellar radiation.
Spectroscopic Measurements of the Ion Velocity Distribution at the Base of the Fast Solar Wind
Authors: Jeffrey Natasha L. S. , Hahn Michael , Savin Daniel W. , Fletcher Lyndsay 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In situ measurements of the fast solar wind reveal non-thermal distributions of electrons, protons, and minor ions extending from 0.3 au to the heliopause. The physical mechanisms responsible for these non-thermal properties and the location where these properties originate remain open questions. Here, we present spectroscopic evidence, from extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy, that the velocity distribution functions (VDFs) of minor ions are already non-Gaussian at the base of the fast solar wind in a coronal hole, at altitudes of <1.1 R
⊙. Analysis of Fe, Si, and Mg spectral lines reveals a peaked line-shape core and broad wings that can be characterized by a kappa VDF. A kappa distribution fit gives very small kappa indices off-limb of κ ≈ 1.9–2.5, indicating either (a) ion populations far from thermal equilibrium, (b) fluid motions such as non-Gaussian turbulent fluctuations or non-uniform wave motions, or (c) some combination of both. These observations provide important empirical constraints for the source region of the fast solar wind and for the theoretical models of the different acceleration, heating, and energy deposition processes therein. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the ion VDF in the fast solar wind has been probed so close to its source region. The findings are also a timely precursor to the upcoming 2018 launch of the Parker Solar Probe, which will provide the closest in situ measurements of the solar wind at approximately 0.04 au (8.5 solar radii).
On the Chemical Abundances of Miras in Clusters: V1 in the Metal-rich Globular NGC 5927*
Authors: D’Orazi V. , Magurno D. , Bono G. , Matsunaga N. , Braga V. F. , Elgueta S. S. , Fukue K. , Hamano S. , Inno L. , Kobayashi N. , Kondo S. , Monelli M. , Nonino M. , Przybilla N. , Sameshima H. , Saviane I. , Taniguchi D. , Thevenin F. , Urbaneja-Perez M. , Watase A. , Arai A. , Bergemann M. , Buonanno R. , Dall’Ora M. , Da Silva R. , Fabrizio M. , Ferraro I. , Fiorentino G. , Francois P. , Gilmozzi R. , Iannicola G. , Ikeda Y. , Jian M. , Kawakita H. , Kudritzki R. P. , Lemasle B. , Marengo M. , Marinoni S. , Martínez-Vázquez C. E. , Minniti D. , Neeley J. , Otsubo S. , Prieto J. L. , Proxauf B. , Romaniello M. , Sanna N. , Sneden C. , Takenaka K. , Tsujimoto T. , Valenti E. , Yasui C. , Yoshikawa T. , Zoccali M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We present the first spectroscopic abundance determination of iron, α-elements (Si, Ca, and Ti), and sodium for the Mira variable V1 in the metal-rich globular cluster NGC 5927. We use high-resolution (R ∼ 28,000), high signal-to-noise ratio (∼200) spectra collected with WINERED, a near-infrared (NIR) spectrograph covering simultaneously the wavelength range 0.91–1.35 μm. The effective temperature and the surface gravity at the pulsation phase of the spectroscopic observation were estimated using both optical (V) and NIR time-series photometric data. We found that the Mira is metal-rich ([Fe/H] = −0.55 ± 0.15) and moderately α-enhanced ([α/Fe] = 0.15 ± 0.01, σ = 0.2). These values agree quite well with the mean cluster abundances based on high-resolution optical spectra of several cluster red giants available in the literature ([Fe/H] = − 0.47 ± 0.06, [α/Fe] = + 0.24 ± 0.05). We also found a Na abundance of +0.35 ± 0.20 that is higher than the mean cluster abundance based on optical spectra (+0.18 ± 0.13). However, the lack of similar spectra for cluster red giants and that of corrections for departures from local thermodynamical equilibrium prevents us from establishing whether the difference is intrinsic or connected with multiple populations. These findings indicate a strong similarity between optical and NIR metallicity scales in spite of the difference in the experimental equipment, data analysis, and in the adopted spectroscopic diagnostics.
A Structural Nonparametric Reappraisal of the co 2 Emissions–Income Relationship
Authors: Azomahou Théophile T. , Goedhuys Micheline , Nguyen Van Phu 
Published: March 2018

À l’aide d’une modélisation non paramétrique structurelle, nous montrons que les émissions de co 2 augmentent clairement avec le revenu pour de faibles niveaux de revenus. Cette relation est décroissante bien que non significative pour des niveaux de revenu élevés. Nous observons également que les émissions de co 2 augmentent de manière monotone, mais à un taux décroissant, avec la consommation d’énergie. Classification JEL : C14, O13
Les missions d’aide à l’orientation des enseignants-chercheurs : principes organisateurs et effets d’un engagement situé au confluent d’un ajustement de logiques
Authors: Obajtek Sylvain 
Published: March 2018

Cet article s’intéresse aux missions d’aide et d’accompagnement à l’orientation des enseignants-chercheurs. Quel rapport entretiennent-ils à l’égard de ces missions, dans un contexte où les dispositions prises en matière d’orientation replacent l’étudiant et son parcours au cœur de la conception des systèmes de formation ? Comment s’engagent-ils dans cet espace de travail et participent-ils à le construire ? À partir d’une enquête de terrain menée auprès d’une population d’enseignants-chercheurs issue de trois universités de l’Académie de Lille, cette recherche propose d’aborder les représentations et pratiques de ces derniers et d’en approcher les principes organisateurs. Les résultats montrent notamment que l’engagement des enseignants-chercheurs se situe au confluent d’un ajustement de logiques, en tensions créatrices entre utilité sociale et développement professionnel.
Les pneumopathies enzootiques des veaux de boucherie. Rôle des salmonella
Authors: Martel Jean-Louis , Dannacher Guy , Guérin Evelyne 
Published: March 2018

The microbiological examination of 101 bovine lungs enabled to isolate 10 Salmonella.
The main motive, and frequently the single, for this laboratory examination is a respiratory disease with drug resistance on calves in rearing unit for beef production.
This non typical salmonella syndrom is not yet the outstanding picture of calf pathology in France but it is not an exception. Its danger for human and animal health must attract a great deal of attention.
La paramphistomose bovine en expansion dans l'ouest de la France
Authors: Fonteneau M. , Guilhon Jean 
Published: March 2018

La paramphistomose bovine est certainement en expansion en France, notamment en Vendée depuis les observations faites il y a environ 25 ans.
Si ces parasites sont considérés actuellement comme sans danger économique majeur, les lésions stomacales observées doivent inciter à des réserves et à une plus grande attention sur la nécessité du dépistage et à la destruction de ces parasites.
Existence en France de Paramphistomum daubneyi Dinnik 1962. (Trematoda : Paramphistomata)
Authors: Graber M. , Chauve Claude , Fonteneau M. , Guilhon  
Published: March 2018

The authors point out, for the first time, the presence of Paramphistomum daubneyi Dinnik, 1962 in the rumen of cattle originating from Loire and Maine-et-Loire departments (France). As Fasciola hepatica, the intermediate host is a lymnaeid snail, Lymnaea truncatula.
It seems that the very closely related species Paramphistomum microbothrium Fischœder, 1901 which develops exclusively in Bulinid snails occurs only in Corsica to the exclusion of french continental territory where Butinids are not indigeneous.
The pathological action of Paramphistomum daubneyi is discussed.
La responsabilité civile contractuelle du vétérinaire praticien
Authors: Clouet Marcel 
Published: March 2018

La responsabilité civile professionnelle du vétérinaire relève de l'obligation contractuelle définie aux articles 1137, 1147 et 1 150 du Code Civil.
Elle implique, pour le praticien, le recours aux moyens découlant des données actuelles de la science et propres à assurer des soins diligents, consciencieux et attentifs.
Dans les principaux domaines de l’activité professionnelle, ces moyens ont été définis.
La normalisation des actions en responsabilité civile est sous la dépendance de la formation continue des vétérinaires, du consentement éclairé des usagers et d’une assistance technique auprès des compagnies d’assurances.
Réactions sérologiques à l'égard de la brucellose bovine dans certains effectifs de mâles indemnes
Authors: Parez M. , Guérin Bernard 
Published: March 2018

A study was made on 68 bulls and 11 boars divided in 5 lots. The observed development of serological and positive reactions was of a vaccinal type, their intensity varied and, most of the time, their duration was proportional to their intensity.
A study on the origin of these brucellosis positive serological reactions, which have been observed on free and severely controlled males, helped reveal the dependence of these reactions to the use of some contaminated material or injected products with brucella abortus vaccine, when used.
Zébroïdes de cirque et chevaux zébrés
Authors: Rousseau M. 
Published: March 2018

Stripes of Horse are quite uncommon, except at limbs. The Author had studied them comparatively in Horses of paleolithical art and present, especially a russian one . Here, he studies the stripes of hybrids : 1° published ; 2° observed by himself. 1° Horse (domestical or Prjevalski) x Zebra (or disapeared Quagga). In the Museum, Paris : with foetal mortality 1808 ; successfully, 1879. Lord Morton (Darwin), 1847. Then, Gray, Mammalian Hybrids, 1971.
2° Arabian mare X Grevy's Zebra, two zebroids from «Cirque National Suisse Knie» at Rapperswill.
Hybrids do not seem to occur naturally, although different species of zebra cohabit. They are produced by man, like an artificial prolongation of Zoology.
Only female hybrids seem to be able to fecundity ; but no produce of zebroid had been found attested.
The Author wishes, in France, their scientific production, and converging survey by specialists of many different disciplines : Zootechny ; veterinarian tropical Medicine, Psychology, Genetics, Evolution, Paleonthology, Prehistory, History, Ethnology and Iconology (since Paleolithic).