bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi-site mechanism model for studying Pb and Cu retention from aqueous solutions by Fe-Mg-rich clays
Authors: Kypritidou Z. , Argyraki A. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe retention mechanisms of metal ions during interaction of clay with metal-rich aqueous solutions is usually investigated by sorption isotherms. Although classical isotherm models may provide sufficient information about the characteristics of the solid–liquid system, they do not distinguish among the various retention mechanisms. This study presents a methodological approach of combining batch experiment data and geochemical modelling for the characterization of the interaction of Mg-Fe-rich clay materials with monometallic solutions of Pb and Cu. For this purpose, a palygorskite clay (PCM), an Fe-smectite clay (SCM) and a natural palygorskite-Fe-smectite mixed clay (MCM) were assessed for their effectiveness as metal ion sorbents. The sorption capacity of the materials follows the order MCM > SCM > PCM and ranges between 27.6–52.1 mg g–1for Pb and 7.7–17.6 mg g–1for Cu. Based on the experimental results that allowed the speciation calculations, fitting of sorption isotherms and the investigation of relationships between protons, Mg and the metals studied we suggest that a combination of sorption mechanisms occurs during the interaction of clay materials with metal solutions. These involve surface complexation, ion exchange and precipitation of solid compounds onto the solid surface. A three-term isotherm model was employed to quantify the role of each of the above mechanisms in the overall retention process. The superior performance of mixed clay among the materials tested is attributed to the synergetic effect of exchange in the interlayer and specific sorption on the clay edges.
The occurrence of a titanium dioxide/silica white pigment on wooden Andean qeros: a cultural and chronological marker
Authors: Howe Ellen , Kaplan Emily , Newman Richard , Frantz James H. , Pearlstein Ellen , Levinson Judith , Madden Odile 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
A white pigment found on a sub-set of polychromed wooden Andean ritual drinking cups called qeros has been characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy as consisting principally of cristobalite (SiO2), anatase (TiO2), and α-quartz (SiO2). This unexpected assemblage of minerals is like that reportedly found in an exposed titanium ore body in southern Peru, an area once part of the Inka Empire. The ore is a close match in color and composition to the white pigment found on the qeros and offers a possible candidate for the geological source of this material. The temporal horizon for the use of this pigment appears to be ca. 1532–1570, correlating with what we refer to here as the Transitional Inka/Early Colonial period, although production of polychromed qeros may have begun before this time and certainly continued well into the eighteenth century or later. Not long after the arrival of the Spanish, this titanium dioxide/silica pigment was replaced by lead white, a result of Spanish influence. We suggest that white pigments on qeros offer material evidence for establishing a chronology for these ritual vessels and that the titanium dioxide/silica pigment on this group of qeros constitutes a previously unidentified, naturally occurring white pigment indigenous to the southern Andes, the first use of which probably dates to the Pre-Columbian period.
Technology Applications: Use of Digital Health Technology to Enable Drug Development
Authors: Liu Joyce F. , Lee Jung-min , Strock Ellie , Phillips Ruth , Mari Karine , Killiam Bill , Bonam Matthew , Milenkova Tsveta , Kohn Elise C. , Ivy S. Percy 
Published: June 2018

Purpose This pilot study developed and evaluated the feasibility, usability, and perceived satisfaction with an end-user mobile medical application and provider web portal. The two interfaces allowed for remote monitoring, provided daily guidance in the management of hypertension and diarrhea, and allowed for rapid management of adverse events during a clinical trial of olaparib and cediranib. Patients and Methods eCO (eCediranib/Olaparib) was designed for patient self-reported, real-time management of hypertension and diarrhea using remote monitoring. eCO links to a Bluetooth-enabled blood pressure (BP) monitor and transmits data to a secure provider web portal. eCO use was assessed for suitability, usability, and satisfaction after 4 weeks using a 17-item questionnaire. Metrics regarding patient-reported BP and diarrhea events were analyzed. Results Sixteen patients enrolled in the pilot. A total of 98.2% of expected BP values were reported: 94.2% via Bluetooth and 5.8% entered manually. Twelve patients experienced 21 BP events (systolic BP > 140 and/or diastolic BP > 90 mmHg on two consecutive readings); data from cycle 1 were comparable to the study database. Thirteen patients reported diarrhea (more than one stool per 24 hours over baseline) categorized as grade 1 or 2, which was comparable to the study database. Survey analysis showed that patients had statistically significant, positive responses to the use of the eCO application. Patients indicated eCO use made them feel more involved in their care and better connected to their health care team. The only aspect of the application that did not show a statistically significant positive response was the process of reporting diarrhea. Conclusion The eCO application was designed to assist in managing acute treatment-related events most often associated with treatment discontinuation, need for drug holidays, or dose interruption. Hypertension and diarrhea events reported via eCO allowed rapid provider response and a positive overall patient experience.
Minimally Invasive Real-Time Detection of Actionable Mutations in Patients With Metastatic Solid Tumors Using Fine-Needle and Liquid Biopsies
Authors: Aung Kyaw L. , Bedard Philippe L. , Yu Celeste , Boerner Scott L. , Zuzarte Philip C. , Ghai Sangeet , Berman Hal K. , Serra Stefano , Giesler Amanda , Ahmed Lailah , Joshua Anthony M. , Moore Malcolm J. , Oza Amit M. , Amir Eitan , McPherson John D. , Zhang Tong , Sukhai Mahadeo A. , Stockley Tracy L. , Kamel-Reid Suzanne , Siu Lillian L. , Hansen Aaron R. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose Fine-needle biopsy (FNB) and liquid biopsy are minimally invasive methods of tumor sampling that provide feasible means to assess tumor genotypes in real time. However, more data are needed to establish the strength of these methods by benchmarking against the current gold standard methods, core-needle biopsy (CNB) or surgical excision of the tumor. Patients and Methods Eligible patients with advanced solid tumors were prospectively recruited. We performed mutation profiling using matched tumor DNA obtained by CNB, FNB and liquid biopsy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight custom mass-spectrometry or targeted next-generation DNA sequencing. The actionability of detected mutations was determined using the OncoKB Web tool. Agreement between mutations detected in CNBs, FNBs, and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was examined. Results Forty-one patients underwent tumor biopsy. Thirty CNBs (73%) and 34 FNBs (83%) had sufficient tumor and DNA for mutation profiling. Median DNA yield from CNB and FNB were 775 ng (interquartile range, 240 to 347 4ng) and 649 ng (interquartile range, 180 to1350 ng), respectively. Of 29 CNB/FNB pairs available for comparison, actionable mutation results were concordant in 28 (96%). Six of nine actionable mutations (67%) that were found by CNB, FNB, or both were detectable in ctDNA. Two additional actionable mutations were found exclusively in ctDNA. Conclusion Optimally processed FNB and liquid biopsy can be used routinely for tumor mutation profiling to identify actionable mutations.
The Power of Rankings: Quantifying the Effect of Rankings on Online Consumer Search and Purchase Decisions
Authors: Ursu Raluca M. 
Published: June 2018

Online search intermediaries, such as Amazon or Expedia, use rankings (ordered lists) to present third-party sellers’ products to consumers. These rankings decrease consumer search costs and increase the probability of a match with a seller, ultimately increasing consumer welfare. Constructing relevant rankings requires understanding their causal effect on consumer choices. However, this is challenging because rankings are endogenous: consumers pay more attention to highly ranked products, and intermediaries rank the most relevant products at the top. In this paper, I use the first data set with experimental variation in the ranking from a field experiment at Expedia to make three contributions. First, I identify the causal effect of rankings and show that they affect what consumers search, but conditional on search, do not affect purchases. Second, I quantify the effect of rankings using a sequential search model and find an average position effect of $1.92, which is lower than literature estimates obtained without experimental variation. I also use model predictions, data patterns, and a feature of the data set (opaque offers) to show rankings lower search costs, instead of affecting consumer expectations or utility. Finally, I show a utility-based ranking built on this model’s estimates benefits consumers and the search intermediary. Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1072 .
Branch-and-Price for the Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows and Scheduled Lines
Authors: Ghilas Veaceslav , Cordeau Jean-François , Demir Emrah , Woensel Tom Van 
Published: June 2018

The Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows and Scheduled Lines (PDPTW-SL) consists of routing and scheduling a set of vehicles, by integrating them with scheduled public transportation lines, to serve a set of freight requests within their time windows. This paper presents an exact solution approach based on a branch-and-price algorithm. A path-based set partitioning formulation is used as the master problem, and a variant of the elementary shortest path problem with resource constraints is solved as the pricing problem. In addition, the proposed algorithm can also be used to solve the PDPTW with transfers (PDPTW-T) as a special case. Results of extensive computational experiments confirm the efficiency of the algorithm: it is able to solve small- and medium-size instances to optimality within reasonable execution time. More specifically, our algorithm solves the PDPTW-SL with up to 50 requests and the PDPTW-T with up to 40 requests on the considered instances. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0798 .
Evaluation of strategies for the treatment of type B and C pelvic fractures
Authors: Schmal H. , Froberg L. , S. Larsen M. , Südkamp N. P. , Pohlemann T. , Aghayev E. , Goodwin Burri K. 
Published: June 2018

Aims The best method of treating unstable pelvic fractures that involve the obturator ring is still a matter for debate. This study compared three methods of treatment: nonoperative, isolated posterior fixation and combined anteroposterior stabilization. Patients and Methods The study used data from the German Pelvic Trauma Registry and compared patients undergoing conservative management (n = 2394), surgical treatment (n = 1345) and transpubic surgery, including posterior stabilization (n = 730) with isolated posterior osteosynthesis (n = 405) in non-complex Type B and C fractures that only involved the obturator ring anteriorly. Calculated odds ratios were adjusted for potential confounders. Outcome criteria were intraoperative and general short-term complications, the incidence of nerve injuries, and mortality. Results Operative stabilization reduced mortality by 36% (odds ratio (OR) 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42 to 0.98) but the incidence of complications was twice as high (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.57 to 2.64). Mortality and the incidence of neurological deficits at discharge were no different after isolated posterior or combined anteroposterior fixation. However, the odds of both surgical (98%, OR 1.98, 95%CI 1.22 to 3.22) and general complications (43%, OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.00) were higher in the group with the more extensive surgery. Conclusion Operative stabilization is recommended for non-complex unstable pelvic fractures. The need for anterior fixation of obturator ring fractures should, however, be considered critically. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:973–83.
Highly crosslinked polyethylene wear rates and acetabular component orientation
Authors: Teeter M. G. , Lanting B. A. , Naudie D. D. , McCalden R. W. , Howard J. L. , MacDonald S. J. 
Published: June 2018

Aims The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the rate of wear between acetabular components positioned within and outside the ‘safe zones’ of anteversion and inclination angle. Patients and Methods We reviewed 100 hips in 94 patients who had undergone primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) at least ten years previously. Patients all had the same type of acetabular component with a bearing couple which consisted of a 28 mm cobalt-chromium head on a highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) liner. A supine radiostereometric analysis (RSA) examination was carried out which acquired anteroposterior (AP) and lateral paired images. Acetabular component anteversion and inclination angles were measured as well as total femoral head penetration, which was divided by the length of implantation to determine the rate of polyethylene wear. Results The mean anteversion angle was 19.4° (-15.2° to 48°, sd 11.4°), the mean inclination angle 43.4° (27.3° to 60.5°, sd 6.6°), and the mean wear rate 0.055 mm/year (sd 0.060). Exactly half of the hips were positioned inside the ‘safe zone’. There was no difference (median difference, 0.012 mm/year; p = 0.091) in the rate of wear between acetabular components located within or outside the ‘safe zone’. When compared to acetabular components located inside the ‘safe zone’, the wear rate was no different for acetabular components that only achieved the target anteversion angle (median difference, 0.012 mm/year; p = 0.138), target inclination angle (median difference, 0.013 mm/year; p = 0.354), or neither target (median difference, 0.012 mm/year; p = 0.322). Conclusion Placing the acetabular component within or outside the ‘safe zone’ did not alter the wear rate of HXLPE at long-term follow-up to a level that risked osteolysis. HXLPE appears to be a forgiving bearing material in terms of articular surface wear, but care must still be taken to position the acetabular component correctly so that the implant is stable. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:891-7.
Prevalence of isolated gastrocnemius tightness in patients with foot and ankle pathology
Authors: Malhotra K. , Chan O. , Cullen S. , Welck M. , Goldberg A. J. , Cullen N. , Singh D. 
Published: June 2018

Aims Gastrocnemius tightness predisposes to musculoskeletal pathology and may require surgical treatment. However, it is not clear what proportion of patients with foot and ankle pathology have clinically significant gastrocnemius tightness. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and degree of gastrocnemius tightness in a control group of patients with a group of patients with foot and ankle pathology. Patients and Methods This prospective, case-matched, observational study compared gastrocnemius tightness, as assessed by the lunge test, in a control group and a group with foot and ankle pathology. Gastrocnemius tightness was calculated as the difference in dorsiflexion of the ankle with the knee extended and flexed. Results A total of 291 controls were paired with 97 patients with foot and ankle pathology (FAP). The mean gastrocnemius tightness was 6.0° (sd 3.5) in controls and 8.0° (sd 5.7) in the FAP group (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed a mean gastrocnemius tightness of 10.3° (sd 6.0) in patients with forefoot pathology versus 6.9° (sd 5.3) in patients with other pathology (p = 0.008). A total of 12 patients (37.5%) with forefoot pathology had gastrocnemius tightness of > two standard deviations of the control group (> 13°). Conclusion Gastrocnemius tightness of > 13° may be considered abnormal. Most patients with foot and ankle pathology do not have abnormal degrees of gastrocnemius tightness compared with controls, but it is present in over a third of patients with forefoot pathology. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:945–52.
A randomized controlled trial of fixed- versus mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Abdel M. P. , Tibbo M. E. , Stuart M. J. , Trousdale R. T. , Hanssen A. D. , Pagnano M. W. 
Published: June 2018

AimsIt has been suggested that mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) might lead to better outcomes by accommodating some femorotibial rotational mismatch, thereby reducing contact stresses and polyethylene wear. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference between fixed- and mobile-bearing versions of a contemporary TKA with respect to durability, range of movement (ROM) and function, ten years postoperatively.Patients and MethodsA total of 240 patients who were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial (RCT) underwent a primary cemented TKA with one of three tibial components (all-polyethylene fixed-bearing, modular metal-backed fixed-bearing and mobile-bearing). Patients were reviewed at a median follow-up of ten years (IQR 9.2 to 10.4).ResultsThere was no difference in durability, as measured by survivorship free of revision for any reason, nor in mean maximal ROM at ten years (p = 0.8). There was also no difference in function, as measured by Knee Society (KS) function scores (p = 0.63) or the prevalence of patellar tilt (p = 0.12).ConclusionIn this clinical RCT, the mobile-bearing design of TKA was found to be reliable and durable, but did not provide better maximum knee flexion, function or durability ten years postoperatively compared with a posterior-stabilized, fixed-bearing design incorporating either an all-polyethylene or a modular-metal-backed tibial component. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:925–9.
Ceramic prosthesis surfaces induce an inflammatory cell response and fibrotic tissue changes
Authors: Bertrand J. , Delfosse D. , Mai V. , Awiszus F. , Harnisch K. , Lohmann C. H. 
Published: June 2018

Aims Early evidence has emerged suggesting that ceramic-on-ceramic articulations induce a different tissue reaction to ceramic-on-polyethylene and metal-on-metal bearings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the tissue reaction and cellular response to ceramic total hip arthroplasty (THA) materials in vitro, as well as the tissue reaction in capsular tissue after revision surgery of ceramic-on-ceramic THAs. Patients and Methods We investigated tissue collected at revision surgery from nine ceramic-on-ceramic articulations. we compared our findings with tissue obtained from five metal-on-metal THA revisions, four ceramic-on-polyethylene THAs, and four primary osteoarthritis synovial membranes. The latter were analyzed to assess the amount of tissue fibrosis that might have been present at the time of implantation to enable evaluation, in relation to implantation time, of any subsequent response in the tissues. Results There was a significant increase in tissue fibrosis with implantation time for all implant types tested. Interestingly, the tissue fibrosis in ceramic-on-ceramic THAs was significantly increased compared with metal-on-metal and ceramic-on-polyethylene. Additionally, we found ceramic wear particles in the periprosthetic tissue of ceramic implants. Fibroblasts responded with expression of cytokines when cultured on alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ) and zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) ceramic surfaces. This response was more pronounced on ATZ ceramics compared with ZTA ceramics. The same inflammatory response was observed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cultured on ZTA and ATZ. Conclusion Our findings therefore, corroborate the previous findings that ceramic-on-ceramic periprosthetic revision tissue is fibrous and offer an explanation for this observation. We detected a long-term inflammatory response of PBMCs and an inflammatory response of fibroblasts to ATZ and ZTA ceramic. These findings partially explain the fibrotic tissue change in periprosthetic tissue of ceramic-on-ceramic bearings. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:882–90.
Cardiac Troponin T Concentrations, Reversible Myocardial Ischemia, and Indices of Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients with Suspected Stable Angina Pectoris: a DOPPLER-CIP Substudy
Authors: Myhre Peder L , Omland Torbjørn , Sarvari Sebastian I , Ukkonen Heikki , Rademakers Frank , Engvall Jan E , Hagve Tor-Arne , Nagel Eike , Sicari Rosa , Zamorano Jose L , Monaghan Mark , D'hooge Jan , Edvardsen Thor ,   on behalf of the DOPPLER-CIP Study Group, Røsjø Helge 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Cardiac troponin T concentrations measured with high-sensitivity assays (hs-cTnT) provide important prognostic information for patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). However, whether hs-cTnT concentrations mainly reflect left ventricular (LV) remodeling or recurrent myocardial ischemia in this population is not known.

METHODS
We measured hs-cTnT concentrations in 619 subjects with suspected stable CAD in a prospectively designed multicenter study. We identified associations with indices of LV remodeling, as assessed by cardiac MRI and echocardiography, and evidence of myocardial ischemia diagnosed by single positron emission computed tomography.

RESULTS
Median hs-cTnT concentration was 7.8 ng/L (interquartile range, 4.8–11.6 ng/L), and 111 patients (18%) had hs-cTnT concentrations above the upper reference limit (&gt;14 ng/L). Patients with hs-cTnT &gt;14 ng/L had increased LV mass (144 ± 40 g vs 116 ± 34 g; P &lt; 0.001) and volume (179 ± 80 mL vs 158 ± 44 mL; P = 0.006), lower LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (59 ± 14 vs 62 ± 11; P = 0.006) and global longitudinal strain (14.1 ± 3.4% vs 16.9 ± 3.2%; P &lt; 0.001), and more reversible perfusion defects (P = 0.001) and reversible wall motion abnormalities (P = 0.008). Age (P = 0.009), estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.01), LV mass (P = 0.003), LVEF (P = 0.03), and evidence of reversible myocardial ischemia (P = 0.004 for perfusion defects and P = 0.02 for LV wall motion) were all associated with increasing hs-cTnT concentrations in multivariate analysis. We found analogous results when using the revised US upper reference limit of 19 ng/L.

CONCLUSIONS
hs-cTnT concentrations reflect both LV mass and reversible myocardial ischemia in patients with suspected stable CAD.
Avaliação do bem-estar subjetivo em adolescentes: Relações com sexo e faixa etária
Authors: Silva Doralúcia Gil da , Dell'Aglio Débora Dalbosco 
Published: June 2018

O estudo do bem-estar subjetivo com adolescentes justifica-se pela importância da identificação e promoção de aspectos positivos nesse período do desenvolvimento. O sexo e a faixa etária têm sido associados à variação da satisfação de vida e afetos positivos e negativos. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o nível de BES de adolescentes, a partir de um índice que engloba a avaliação de afetos positivos e negativos e a satisfação dos adolescentes com relação aos domínios específicos de suas vidas, observando a associação com sexo e faixa etária. Foram aplicadas a Escala Multidimensional de Satisfação de Vida e a Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos para Adolescentes em 426 estudantes (média de idade 14.91 anos; DP=1.65) de escolas públicas de Porto Alegre. Foram observadas médias mais altas entre os meninos nas dimensões satisfação com a família, autoeficácia e bem-estar. As meninas apresentaram maior satisfação com as amizades, maiores níveis de afetos negativos e menor satisfação com a vida. Tais dados indicam a necessidade de intervenções que promovam aspectos positivos entre as adolescentes.