bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Different External Beam Treatment Techniques to Deliver High-Dose Irradiation to Local Recurrent Rectal Carcinoma
Authors: Santoni Riccardo , Scoccianti Silvia , Galardi Alessandra , Nicolais Rebeca , Benassi Michaela , Russo Serenella , Bucciolini Marta 
Published: April 2018

Aims and background Treatment of local-regional recurrent rectal carcinoma is a challenging problem, and local control may be dose dependent; doses should probably exceed 60 Gy. Our aim was to verify the possibility to deliver 66 Gy to the target, but less than 35 Gy to the small bowel, comparing different 3D irradiation techniques, in a selected group of patients. Methods Five patients with local recurrent rectal carcinoma were selected as representative of different presentations of the disease. Gross tumor volume and clinical target volume were defined [by RS]. Tumors ranged between 182 and 540 cc, and small bowel volumes between 748 and 1050 cc. A three-field technique, coplanar multiple fields, noncoplanar fields and a proton beam were compared using dose volume histograms. A positive result was scored when ≥90% of the target received the prescribed dose with no more than 5% of the small bowel receiving more than 35 Gy. Doses were escalated in steps of 2 Gy from 60 to 66 Gy. Results The number of plans fitting the constraints were 7/19, 11/19, 18/19 for doses of 66 Gy, 64 Gy and 62 Gy, respectively. The stage of the tumor did not seem to correlate with the possibility to homogeneously cover the target with the prescribed dose. Conclusions Simple coplanar and complex coplanar techniques (up to six fields), positioning the patient in a prone position with dislocation of the bowel, seem to be the best solutions to treat almost all of the patients with doses of 64 Gy. Where higher doses are concerned, it is not possible to suggest a “standard” solution. More personalized techniques have to be tested to define the best option.
Sul Trattamento Del Carcinoma Della Mammella Inoperabile Con La Sola Radiumterapia
Authors: Fossati Franco 
Published: April 2018

The results obtained by radiumtherapy alone in 32 cases of inoperable mammary carcinoma (seen in the Radiological Department of the University in Milan from 1.1.1940 to 31.12.1952) are reported. The early results may be summarized as follows: diminution of the neoplastic bulk until the clinical disappearence; increased mobility of the neoplasm; size reduction and augmented mobility of the metastasized lymph nodes; reduction of cutaneous infiltration and nipple retraction; progression of the cutaneous ulceration. The late results may be summarized in 8 survival cases out of 24 ones followed for 3 years; and in 2 survival cases out of 11 ones followed for 5 years.
Comportamento della Lipasi Pancreatica in Presenza di 3-4-Benzopirene.: Nota III
Authors: Lado P. 
Published: April 2018

The behaviour of the pancreatic lipase (steapsin « Difco ») in presence of 3-4-benzpyrene has been studied: the carcinogenic substance is dissolved at different concentrations in two substrates, olive oil and tributyrin, which are hydrolyzed respectively at pH 8,5 and pH 6. The influence of the carcinogen on the development of lipolitic activity is also examined. No significant variations have been observed; and inhibiting tendency of the hydrocarbon on the lipolitic activity is demonstrated, as already remarked in other experiments.
PRIME OSSERVAZIONI SULL'AZIONE DEI LIEVITI NELLE LEUCEMIE
Authors: Protti Giocondo 
Published: April 2018

Leukemic myelocytes and lymphocytes can undergo « in vitro » severe alterations when kept in contact with some strains of yeasts The changes are briefly described. The intravenous treatment with such yeasts seems to benefit the course of the myeloid and lymphatic chronic leukemia. The present experiments may be related with the preceding studies of the Author on specific antagonism of some yeasts to cancer cells.
Contributo Allo Studio Della Disormonosi Delle Portatrici Di Ca. Dell'Utero: L'eliminazione Urinaria Del Pregnandiolo Dopo Carichi Con Progesterone Pre E Post Trattamento Chirurgico Ed Attinico.
Authors: Balassi Gian Piero 
Published: April 2018

Biochemical investigations on the hormonal condition of patients with genital carcinoma showed increatory alterations of quantitative type (folliculostimuating hpergonadotropism, nearly absolute lack of progestative activity) as well as qualitative excretory alterations, which are the expression of metabolism deviations. Pregnandiol elimination has been studied after progesterone administration in a patient with uterus carcinoma (portio, body); a significant deficiency of the metabolic mechanisms has been observed. Comparative researches before and after the treatment (surgery and radiotherapy) show that the observed deficiency is not depending upon the presence of the neoplastic forms.
Il Valore Della Radioterapia Nel Trattamento Dei Tumori Delle Ghiandole Salivari: (rendiconto clinico-statistico dei casi trattati dal 1928 al 1950)
Authors: Luzzatti Guido 
Published: April 2018

The discrepancy existing among radiotherapeutical results in the treatment of salivary glands tumours, and chiefly of mixed tumours of the parotid gland, suggested this study, based on a clinico-statistical survey of all cases of primary tumours radiologically treated from 1928 to 1951 at the Radiological Institute of the University and Cancer Institute of Milan. After a histological classification of the cases (64), anamnestic, clinical, histopathological, therapeutical and course data are tabulated in detail. As the therapeutical problem of the salivary glands tumours is necessarily connected with the surgical operation, the literature on that subject has been thoroughly reviewed and the opportunity of radicality in mixed parotid tumours discussed. But, as surgery proved to be insufficient in the treatment of these tumours, the emploiment of a complementary post-operative radiotherapy is suggested for malignant tumours and for benign mixed tumours as well. Only a clinical diagnosis is possible, being biopsy contraindicated. Basing on the experience derived from the considered cases, criteria are exposed which are of practical value for the treatment of tumours of the salivary glands: a) in operable parotid tumours, partial parotidectomy (enucleoresection or superficial lobectomy) followed in all cases by complementary radiotherapy. A radical operation with removal of the facial nerve and, eventually, radical removal of the neck lymphatics, will be taken into consideration only in case of histologically proved malignancy of the operatory specimen; b) in operable tumours localized to the other salivary glands, radical removal followed by post-operatory complementary radiotherapy in doses suited to the histological type; c) in clearly malignant inoperable tumours, roentgen- or curietherapy, which may occasionally determine remarkable regressions thus allowing a further radical operation.
Gli Adenolinfomi: Considerazioni istogenetiche
Authors: Servida Ernesto , Corbetta Serafino 
Published: April 2018

The Authors report 5 cases of Wartin's Tumor they happened to observe, and study them especially from the pathological and histopathogenetical point of view. The hypothesis is accepted of the disontogenetycal nature of such a tumor, and although in some instances the salivary origin is possible, in most cases the branchial origin il supported.
Attivita Progesteronica Pre-Ovulatoria E Sua Influenza Inibitrice Sul Ciclo Mestruale: Il valore del trattamento follicolostimolante e prolattina
Authors: Grattarola Renzo 
Published: April 2018

Referring to a previous paper, it is stated that in some cases a progestonal activity may subsist in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. This progestonal activity is supposed to inhibit the corpus luteum development of the actual cycle. In fact in these cases the basal body temperature is observed to be of irregular type and the endometrium shows a mixed folliculo-progestional picture. Vaginal smears do not show signs of an efficient luteinic activity. In such cases, the stimulating action of the LTH hormone, alone or associated with prolactin, does not modify the picture observed before treatment. A modification is obtained only by a previous gonadotropic stimulation in suitable doses and during the follicular phase. In cases in which the progestional activity is deficient and of short duration but the first phase of the cycle is not troubled by a persisting progestional activity, the highest secretory response is obtained by prolactin administered during the second half of the cycle (endometrial picture similar to that of initial pregnancy, vaginal smear with intense activity of the basophilic elements, prolongation of the secretory phase of the cycle). 2 out of 4 cases who underwent this treatment recovered even from sterility.
La Terapia Ormonale Del Carcinoma Avanzato Della Mammella. Valutazione Dell'Efficacia E Della Dose Terapeutica Mediante L'Indagine Citologica Vaginale
Authors: Grattarola R. , Di Pietro S. 
Published: April 2018

In 23 women (12 in menopause) with advanced mammary cancer, the vaginal cytological examination was performed during treatment with oestrogens and androgens. Therapy attained a regression of the neoplastic process when hormones were administered in such doses to maintain the presence of picnotic eosinophilic cells (with oestrogen therapy) or of intermediate cells with active nucleus (with androgen therapy). When higher doses were administered, the disappearance of normal epithelial elements (picnotic eosinophilic cells and active intermediate cells) was remarked in the vaginal smear, associated with a pronounced vaginal hypotrophy (occurrence of eosinophilic basal cells and of vacuolized anucleated cells). In these cases the neoplastic process resumed its evolution.
L'azione Promovente Dell'ormone Follicolare nel Duplice Meccanismo di Carcinogenesi Dell'utero e Vagina di Ratte
Authors: Picco A. , Somaglino W. , Cuzzupoli F. 
Published: April 2018

In order to study the promoting action of the follicular hormone on the genital system of the female, 48 rats were treated. After 2 previous endovaginal instillations of 0.30 per cent 3,4-benzpyrene, the rats have been divided into 4 groups: the first did not receive further treatment, the second received endovaginal instillations of 0.1 ml of folliculin (Estrene) every 3 days, the third received instillations of 0.1ml of croton oil in olive oil, the fourth 0.1 ml of a 5 per cent solution of croton oil in Estrene. The rats were sacrificed at time intervals, from a minimum of 20 days to a maximum of 250 days. The whole of the experiments showed that: a) benzpyrene in the employed dosis did not produce tumour occurrence in the genital organs of the rat. b) the association of benzpyrene (initiating factor) with croton oil in olive oil (promoting factor) induces only changes of hyperplastic and precarcinomatous type. c) folliculin, on the other hand, exerts a marked promoting action on cancer appearance. In fact, in animals treated with folliculin, a gradual transformation of the hyperplastic processes in precarcinomatous stages and in true epithelial tumours is observed, restricted to the vagina and the low portion of the uterine cervix; such transformation is directly related to the duration of the folliculin treatment, and the hormonal action is increased by croton oil association. In the upper portion of the cervix, in the horns, salpinx and ovary only alterations dependent on the specific and prolonged action of the follicular hormone are observed.
Conservative Treatment for T2-T4 Bladder Cancer with Primary Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Cruciani Giorgio , Dazzi Claudio , Montanari Francesco , Voce Salvatore , Salerno Vincenzo , Giannini Massimo , Emiliani Ermanno , Marangolo Maurizio 
Published: April 2018

Aims and Background After radical cystectomy, with or without pelvic radiotherapy, more than 50 % of patients affected by infiltrating bladder cancer died of distant metastases. Polychemotherapy yields 25 % complete remissions (CR) in patients with invasive transitional cell bladder carcinoma; although many concerns exist about the duration of such CR. This study was undertaken with the aim of evaluating the efficacy and safety of an integrated chemo-radio-therapeutic treatment, in order to broaden indications to a conservative surgical therapy. Methods Thirty-three consecutive patients with bladder urothelial cancer T2-T4, N0, M0, have been treated. Patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (rescue-M-VEC) consisted of methotrexate 30 mg/sqm plus folinic acid 15 mg after 24 h on days 1, 15, 22; vinblastine 3 mg/sqm on days 1, 15 and 22; epidoxorubicin 30 mg/sqm on day 1; cisplatin 70 mg/sqm on day 1. This cycle was repeated on day 29. After 2 cycles of rescue-M-VEC, patients underwent pelvic cobalt teletherapy 40 Gy combined with low dose cisplatin 25 mg/sqm/week. After restaging, responding patients underwent further radiation therapy (24 Gy) as booster consolidation. Results After 2 cycles of chemotherapy and pelvic radiotherapy 14/31 evaluable patients (45.2 %) achieved CR and 11/31 (35.4 %) partial remission, with an overall response rate of 80.6 % (25/31). With a median follow up of 21 months the actuarial survival rate at 24 months was equal to 79.8 %. Eleven radical cystectomies were performed, 6 of which at restaging in non responding patients and 5 during the follow up due to relapse. Of the 25 patients selected for bladder conservation, 12 (48 %) have not yet shown relapses. Three out of 31 (9.7 %) patients died of distant metastases. No severe toxicity has been observed: moreover no patient developed stomatitis after chemotherapy. Conclusions Our results seem encouraging but longer follow-up and further phase III studies need to be carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of conservative treatment in muscle infiltrating bladder cancer.
The Basement Membranes in Sarcomatoid Carcinomas. An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Guarino Marcello , Squillaci Salvatore , Reale Domenico , Micoli Giorgio 
Published: April 2018

Aims Eight sarcomatoid carcinomas from various anatomical locations were investigated by immunohistochemical staining to laminin, type IV collagen and heparan sulfate proteoglycan, to study the characteristics of basement membranes at the interface between carcinomatous and sarcomatous tissues. Methods Paraffin wax embedded tissue sections from representative tumor samples have been stained with specific antibodies, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Results In all cases several interruptions or discontinuities of the basement membrane staining pattern were seen. In 4 cases, larger defects or complete loss of staining was also noted. At these places, the boundaries between carcinomatous and sarcomatous tissue were often blurred. Conclusions Disruption and loss of basement membranes at interface between carcinomatous and sarcomatous tissues is a frequent finding in sarcomatoid carcinomas. These changes could be consistent with an epithelial origin of the sarcomatous component in these tumors by means of an epithelial-mesenchymal conversion mechanism.
Radioendocrine Therapy of Brain Tumors with the Long Acting Opioid Antagonist Naltrexone in Association with Radiotherapy
Authors: Lissoni Paolo , Meregalli Sofia , Fossati Vittorio , Barni Sandro , Tancini Gabriele , Barigozzi Pierluigi , Frigerio Franco 
Published: April 2018

Aims and Background Malignant gliomas remain untreatable as the different therapeutic combinations are generally only palliative. Recent experimental evidence suggests that endogenous opioid peptides are involved in brain tumor growth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect on survival of concomitant administration of the long-acting opioid antagonist naltrexone (NTX) in patients with malignant astrocytomas treated with radiotherapy (RT). Methods 21 patients with high grade malignant gliomas were randomized to receive RT alone or RT plus NTX. The dose of RT was 60 Gy. NTX was given orally at a dose of 100 mg every other day without interruption until disease progression. Results The objective tumor regression rate in patients treated with RT plus NTX was higher than that of those treated with RT alone but not significantly so. On the contrary, the percentage of survivals at 1 year was significantly higher in patients treated with RT plus NTX than in those treated with RT alone (5/10 vs 1/11, P < 0.05). NTX therapy was substantially well tolerated in most patients. Conclusions The finding of longer survival in brain tumor patients treated with RT plus NTX than in those who received RT alone suggests in vivo involvement of endogenous opioid peptides in regulating the growth of malignant astrocytomas.
Prevention by L-Carnitine of Interleukin-2-Related Cardiac Toxicity during Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Lissoni Paolo , Galli Maria Albina , Tancini Gabriele , Barni Sandro 
Published: April 2018

Aims and Background Cardiac toxicity has been observed during IL-2 cancer immunotherapy. Because of its trophic action on the myocardial tissue, the use of L-carnitine has been evaluated during IL-2 therapy in advanced cancer patients with clinically important cardiac diseases. Methods The study included 30 cancer patients, who were randomized to treatment with IL-2 alone or IL-2 plus L-carnitine (1000 mg/day orally). IL-2 was injected subcutaneously at a daily dose of 6 million IU for 5 days/week for 4-6 weeks. Results The percentage of cardiac complications was significantly lower in patients concomitantly treated with L-carnitine than those receiving IL-2 alone (0/15 vs 4/15; P < 0.05), whereas no difference was seen in mean creatine phosphokinase levels on study. Conclusions The results would suggest that L-carnitine may be used successfully to prevent cardiac complications during IL-2 immunotherapy in cancer patients with clinically relevant cardiac disorders. Since cardiac metabolism depends mainly on fatty acid oxidation, the stimulatory role of L-carnitine on fatty acid oxidation could explain at least in part its ability to prevent heart disturbances in response to IL-2 administration.
Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma of the Sinonasal Tract: A Clinicopathologic Study of 18 Cases
Authors: Urso Carmelo , Ninu Maria Benedetta , Franchi Alessandro , Paglierani Milena , Bondi Roberto 
Published: April 2018

Background Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) of the nose and paranasal sinuses is a relatively rare tumor. It commonly affects subjects exposed to wood or leather dust. Methods The authors present the clinicopathologic findings of 18 cases of sinonasal ITACs and review the proposed histologic classifications. Results All patients, except one, were males; mean age was 60 years (range, 41-79); in 9 cases an occupational exposure to wood or leather dust was found. Common presenting symptoms were epistaxis, nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea. Histologically, tumors were divided into four groups: well-differentiated (G1) ITACs = 3 cases; moderately differentiated (G2) ITACs = 8 cases; poorly differentiated (G3) ITACs = 2 cases; mucinous (M) ITACs = 5 cases. Immunocytochemically, 16/17 cases were positive for carcinoembryonal antigen, 1/17 for somatostatin, and 0/16 cases for gastrin. Conclusions Sinonasal ITACs are aggressive tumors, often diagnosed in a relatively advanced stage. Owing the close similarity of the microscopic aspects, a histologic classification of ITACs analogous to that of colonic adenocarcinomas is proposed.
Histological Evaluation of Thyroid Carcinomas: Reproducibility of the «Who» Classification
Authors: Fassina Ambrogio S. , Montesco Maria C. , Ninfo Vito , Denti Paolo , Masarotto Guido 
Published: April 2018

Aims and Backgrounds Thyroid carcinomas display several pathologic features, show different behavior and necessitate different treatment; thus correct classification is mandatory. Methods The kappa statistic was used as a measure of agreement in a panel of seven pathologists who reviewed 200 cases of thyroid tumors. Results Overall agreement was 83 % (k = 68). Good agreement was found for anaplastic (k = 0.85) and papillary carcinomas (k = 0.81); agreement for medullary carcinoma was acceptable (k = 0.80), suboptimal for other (k = 0.67), and poor for follicular carcinoma (k = 0.54). Conclusions Central pathology review of thyroid carcinomas is recommended when clinical and epidemiologic trials are planned.
Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas: Clinicopathologic Features and Survival
Authors: Sperti Cosimo , Bonadimani Bruno , Pasquali Claudio , Piccoli Antonio , Cappellazzo Francesco , Rugge Massimo , Pedrazzoli Sergio 
Published: April 2018

Aims and Background The prognosis after surgical resection for pancreatic cancer has not been clearly defined because conflicting results have been reported. Methods Fifty-five patients who underwent surgical resection for pancreatic carcinoma between 1970 and 1987 were retrospectively reviewed to determine factors influencing long-term survival. Results The actuarial 5-year survival rate for all 55 patients was 12.5 %. Type of operation, tumor stage, direct extension into adjacent organs, grading and lymph node involvement were found to significantly influence survival. Age, sex, tumor site, size, invasion into peripancreatic tissue, invasion of lymphatic vessels and small veins, perineural Infiltration, tumor necrosis, round cell infiltrate at the tumor margin, associated chronic pancreatitis, and atypia of pancreatic ductal epithelium demonstrated no predictive capacity. No 5-year survival was observed among the patients who underwent vascular resection. Three of 9 patients who underwent left-sided pancreatectomy for cancer of the tail of the pancreas survived more than 5 years. Multivariate analysis confirmed that lymph node involvement, moderate-poor histologic tumor differentiation, and treatment with total pancreatectomy were signicantly associated with a worse prognosis. Conclusions Lymph node status, grading of the tumor and type of operation have a significant impact on prognosis in resected pancreatic cancer.
Immunotherapy with Low-Dose Subcutaneous Interleukin-2 plus Beta-Interferon as a Second-Line Therapy for Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Barni Sandro , Lissoni Paolo , Ardizzola Antonio , Vigoré Luigi , Vezzo Roberto , Rescaldani Roberto , Tancini Gabriele 
Published: April 2018

Aims and Background Beta-interferon (β-IFN) has been proven to influence some IL-2-induced immune effects. On the basis of these experimental data, we evaluated the immunobiologic effects of an association between very low-dose IL-2 and β-IFN in advanced cancer patients. Methods The study was performed in 15 metastatic colon cancer patients, who progressed in response to a first-line chemotherapy with 5-FU plus folates. IL-2 was given subcutaneously at a daily dose of 3 million IU in the evening for 6 days/week for 4 weeks. β-IFN was injected subcutaneously at a dose of 3 million U/day for 7 days before the first IL-2 injection, then thrice/week until the end of IL-2 administration. In nonprogressed patients, a second cycle was given after a 14-day rest period. Results No objective tumor regression was seen. Stable disease was obtained only in 2/15 patients; the other 13 progressed. Toxicity was low in all cases. Natural killer cell and T-activated lymphocyte mean number significantly increased during the immunotherapy. Lymphocyte and eosinophil mean number also increased, without, however, significant differences. IL-2-induced suppressive events, consisting of an increase in T-suppressor cell number, and soluble IL-2 receptor levels were not blocked by β-IFN. Conclusions The study showed that the concomitant administration of β-IFN may determine an improvement in the immune performance in metastatic cancer patients treated with very low-dose IL-2, even though this biologic improvement does not seem to be associated to a control of tumor development. Further studies in patients with less advanced disease are needed to better define the impact of the immune improvement induced by low-dose IL-2 plus β-IFN on the clinical course of the neoplastic disease.