bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the interaction of very-large-scale motions in a neutral atmospheric boundary layer with a row of wind turbines
Authors: Önder Asim , Meyers Johan 
Published: March 2018

Recent experiments have revealed the existence of very long streamwise features, denoted as very-large-scale motions (VLSMs), in the thermally neutral atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) (Hutchins et al., Boundary-Layer Meteorol., vol. 145(2), 2012, pp. 273–306). The aim of our study is to elaborate the role of these large-scale anisotropic patterns in wind-energy harvesting with special emphasis on the organization of turbulent fields around wind turbines. To this end, we perform large-eddy simulation (LES) of a turbine row operating under neutral conditions. The ABL data are produced separately in a very long domain of $240\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$ is the ABL thickness, to ensure a realistic representation for very large scales of $O(10\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF})$. VLSMs are extracted from the LES database using a cutoff at streamwise wavelength $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{x}=5\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$, or $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{x}=50D$ in terms of turbine diameter. Reynolds averaging of low-pass filtered fields shows that the interaction of VLSMs and turbines produce very-long-wavelength motions in the wake region, which contain approximately $20\,\%$ of the resolved Reynolds shear stress, and $30\,\%$ of the resolved streamwise kinetic energy in the shear layers. To further elucidate these statistics, we conduct a geometrical analysis using conditional averaging based on large-scale low- and high-velocity events. The conditional eddies provide evidence for very long (${\sim}10\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$) and wide (${\sim}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$) streak–roller structures around the turbine row. Although all of these eddies share the same streak–roller topology, there are remarkable modifications in the morphology of the conditional eddies whose cores are located sideways to the turbines. In these cases, the turbine row pushes the whole low- or high-momentum streak aside, and prevails as a sharp boundary to the low–high-momentum streak pair. In this process, accompanying rollers remain relatively unaffected. This creates a two-way flux towards the turbine row. These observations provide some insights about the high lateral spreading observed in the large-scale Reynolds stress fields.
Resilience by structural entrenchment: Dynamics of single-layer and multiplex networks following sudden changes to tie costs
Authors: SMALDINO PAUL E. , D'SOUZA RAISSA M. , MAOZ ZEEV 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe examine a model of network formation in single-layer and multiplex networks in which individuals have positive incentives for social ties, closed triangles, and spillover edges. In particular, we investigate the influence of shocks to the network in which the cost of social ties changes after an initial equilibrium. We highlight the emergence ofstructural entrenchment: the retention of structural features, such as closed triangles and spillover edges, which are formed under historically different conditions from those currently driving network evolution. This work has broad implications for understanding path dependence in the structure and dynamics of single-layer and multiplex networks.
Remarkable differences in the presence of the acanthocephalan parasite Echinorhynchus truttae in brown trout (Salmo trutta) captured in two adjacent river basins in Galicia (NW Spain)
Authors: Couso-Pérez Seila , Cañizo-Outeiriño Antonio , Campo-Ramos Rainer , Ares-Mazás Elvira , Gómez-Couso Hipólito 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis is the first report on the presence of acanthocephalan parasiteEchinorhynchus truttaein brown trout (Salmo trutta) from Spain. A total of 343 fish were captured by local anglers from 19 rivers in the adjacent Tambre and Ulla watersheds in Galicia (north-western Spain). Macroscopic and microscopic analyses of the intestinal contents revealed the presence of adults and/or eggs ofE. truttaein 53 of the 123 trout from Tambre river basin (43.1%). By contrast, parasitic forms of this acanthocephalan were only observed in eight of the 220 fish from Ulla basin (3.6%), showing significant differences between the prevalences obtained in two adjacent watersheds (P&lt; 0.001, odds ratio 19.0). Prevalence was significantly higher in specimens &gt;3 years (length &gt;26.0 cm) than in younger specimens (P&lt; 0.05). The absence ofGammarus pulexin the region suggests that native gammarid species in Galicia (Echinogammarus lusitanicusandEchinogammarus beriyoni) may act as intermediate host in the life cycle ofE. truttae. Different prevalences ofE. truttaeindicate that the presence/abundance of the intermediate crustacean host may be different in the two river basins, probably as a consequence of various abiotic factors and anthropogenic activities.
The efficacy of daily snack replacement with oligofructose-enriched granola bars in overweight and obese adults: a 12-week randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pol Korrie , de Graaf Cees , Meyer Diederick , Mars Monica 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOligofructose is a prebiotic dietary fibre obtained from chicory root inulin. Oligofructose supplementation may affect satiety, food intake, body weight and/or body composition. The aim was to examine the efficacy of oligofructose-supplemented granola bars on the following weight management outcomes: satiety, energy intake, body weight and body composition in overweight or obese adults. In all, fifty-five adults with overweight or obesity (thirty-six females/nineteen males; age: 41 (sd12) years; 90·6 (sd11·8) kg; BMI: 29·4 (sd2·6) kg/m2) participated in a parallel, triple-blind, placebo-controlled intervention. A total of twenty-nine subjects replaced their snacks twice a day with an equienergetic granola bar supplemented with 8 g of oligofructose (OF-Bar). Subjects in the control group (n26) replaced their snack with a control granola bar without added oligofructose (Co-Bar). Satiety, 24-h energy intake, body weight and body composition (fat mass and waist circumference) were measured at baseline, weeks 6 and 12. In addition, weekly appetite and gastrointestinal side effects were measured. During the intervention, energy intake, body weight and fat mass remained similar in the Co-Bar and OF-Bar groups (allP>0·05). Both groups lost 0·3 (sd1·2) kg lean mass (P<0·01) and reduced their waist circumference with −2·2 (sd3·6) cm (P<0·0001) after 12 weeks. The OF-Bar group reported decreased hunger in later weeks of the intervention (P=0·04), less prospective food consumption (P=0·03) and less thirst (P=0·003). To conclude, replacing daily snacks for 12 weeks with oligofructose-supplemented granola bars does not differentially affect energy intake, body weight and body composition compared with a control bar. However, there was an indication that appetite was lower after oligofructose bar consumption.
Disparities in the management of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ayerbe Luis , Forgnone Ivo , Foguet-Boreu Quintí , González Esteban , Addo Juliet , Ayis Salma 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe high cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality reported for patients with psychiatric disorders may possibly be due to a poorer management of CV risk factors (CVRFs). However, these healthcare disparities remain poorly understood. In this paper, studies comparing the management of smoking, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia, in patients with and without depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar or personality disorder, were reviewed.MethodsProspective studies comparing rates of screening, diagnosis, treatment and control of CVRFs were searched in PubMed, Embase, PsychInfo, Scopus and Web of Science (inception to January 2017). The Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) criteria were used. Studies were assessed for quality. Wherever possible, meta-analyses were conducted to summarize the findings.ResultsTwenty studies, out of the 18 333 references initially identified, were included. Most studies were heterogeneous in design. Two areas permitted meta-analyses: the pooled odds ratio for quitting smoking for those with depression was 0.64 (0.49–0.80) p < 0.001; the pooled difference of glycated haemoglobin for patients with type 2 diabetes and depression was 0.18 (0.06–0.31) p = 0.005. Individual studies showed associations between: schizophrenia and lower probability of having smoking habit recorded; schizoid personality disorder and higher probability of remaining non-smokers after quitting; anxiety and poorer control of type I diabetes; depression, anxiety or schizophrenia and lower probability of having a diagnosis of hypertension; schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and lower use of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs.ConclusionsA proactive clinical management, together with further studies, are needed to reduce the CV morbidity and mortality of patients with psychiatric disorders.
Associations of anabolic-androgenic steroid use with other behavioral disorders: an analysis using directed acyclic graphs
Authors: Kanayama Gen , Pope Harrison G. , Hudson James I. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundAnabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use is known to be associated with other psychiatric disorders, such as body image disorders, conduct disorder/sociopathy, and other substance use disorders (SUD) – but the causal pathways among these conditions remain poorly delineated.MethodsWe created a directed acyclic graph to diagram hypothesized relationships among AAS use and dependence, body image disorder (BID), conduct disorder/sociopathy, and other SUD. Using proportional hazards models, we then assessed potentially causal relationships among these variables, using a dataset of 233 male weightlifters, of whom 102 had used AAS.ResultsBID and conduct disorder/sociopathy both strongly contributed to the development of AAS use, but did not appear to contribute further to the progression from AAS use to AAS dependence. Other SUD beginning prior to first AAS use – whether broadly defined or restricted only to opioids – failed to show an effect on AAS use or progression to AAS dependence. Conversely, AAS use contributed significantly to the subsequent first-time development of opioid use disorders but did not significantly increase the risk for first-time development of non-opioid SUD, taken as a whole.ConclusionsOur analysis suggests that AAS use and other SUD are mutually attributable to underlying conduct disorder/sociopathy. SUD do not appear to represent a ‘gateway’ to subsequent AAS use. AAS use may represent a gateway to subsequent opioid use disorder, but probably not to other SUD.
Parsing profiles of temperamental reactivity and differential routes to delay of gratification: A person-based approach
Authors: Suor Jennifer H. , Sturge-Apple Melissa L. , Jones-Gordils Hannah R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInformed by a developmental psychopathology perspective, the present study applied a person-based approach to examine whether associations between early sociocontextual experiences (e.g., socioeconomic factors and maternal discipline practices) and preschool-age children's delay of gratification vary across profiles of children's temperamental reactivity. In addition, the study examined the direct and mediating role of children's set shifting in associations with delay of gratification within each profile. The sample consisted of 160 socioeconomically and ethnically diverse mothers and their 5-year-old children drawn from a longitudinal study of mother–child relationships. Latent profile analyses identified three profiles of temperamental reactivity distinguished by sensitivity to reward and punishment and negative affectivity. Multigroup analysis revealed maternal sensitive discipline (observed during a parent–child compliance task) at age 3.5 predicted longer delay of gratification at age 5 in the punishment reactivity/negative affectivity group. Maternal inductive reasoning discipline at age 3.5 predicted longer delay in the low temperamental reactivity group. For children with the reward reactivity/negative affectivity profile, higher family income at age 3.5 predicted longer delay of gratification at age 5, which was mediated by children's set shifting. Findings underscore the utility of person-based approaches for delineating differential developmental routes toward children's delay of gratification.
Adolescent perspectives of the recreational ice hockey food environment and influences on eating behaviour revealed through photovoice
Authors: Caswell M Susan , Hanning Rhona M 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveUnhealthy dietary behaviours are prevalent among adolescents. This might relate, in part, to obesogenic environments, including recreation food facilities. The REFRESH Study (Recreation Environment and Food Research: Experiences from Hockey) aimed to explore, from the perspectives of adolescent ice hockey players and parents, broad social and physical environmental influences on adolescent food behaviours associated with hockey participation.DesignPlayers used photovoice to describe their food experiences in relation to ice hockey. The approach included photos, individual interviews and focus groups. Exemplar photographs were exhibited for stakeholders, including five parents who were interviewed. Interview and focus group transcripts were thematically analysed.SettingRecreational ice hockey environment, Ontario, Canada, 2015–16.SubjectsIce hockey players (n24) aged 11–15 years recruited from five leagues.ResultsDominant influences among players included: their perceived importance of nutrients (e.g. protein) or foods (e.g. chocolate milk) for performance and recovery; marketing and branding (e.g. the pro-hockey aura of Tim Horton’s®, Canada’s largest quick-service restaurant); social aspects of tournaments and team meals; and moral values around ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ food choices. Both players and parents perceived recreational facility food options as unhealthy and identified that travel and time constraints contributed to less healthy choices.ConclusionsResults indicate recreation facilities are only one of a range of environments that influence eating behaviours of adolescent ice hockey players. Players’ susceptibility to advertising/brand promotion and the value of healthy food choices for performance are findings that can inform policy and interventions to support healthy environments and behaviours.
Soil pH mediates the balance between stochastic and deterministic assembly of bacteria
Authors: Tripathi Binu M , Stegen James C , Kim Mincheol , Dong Ke , Adams Jonathan M , Lee Yoo Kyung 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Little is known about the factors affecting the relative influences of stochastic and deterministic processes that govern the assembly of microbial communities in successional soils. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of bacterial communities using six different successional soil datasets distributed across different regions. Different relationships between pH and successional age across these datasets allowed us to separate the influences of successional age (i.e., time) from soil pH. We found that extreme acidic or alkaline pH conditions lead to assembly of phylogenetically more clustered bacterial communities through deterministic processes, whereas pH conditions close to neutral lead to phylogenetically less clustered bacterial communities with more stochasticity. We suggest that the influence of pH, rather than successional age, is the main driving force in producing trends in phylogenetic assembly of bacteria, and that pH also influences the relative balance of stochastic and deterministic processes along successional soils. Given that pH had a much stronger association with community assembly than did successional age, we evaluated whether the inferred influence of pH was maintained when studying globally distributed samples collected without regard for successional age. This dataset confirmed the strong influence of pH, suggesting that the influence of soil pH on community assembly processes occurs globally. Extreme pH conditions likely exert more stringent limits on survival and fitness, imposing strong selective pressures through ecological and evolutionary time. Taken together, these findings suggest that the degree to which stochastic vs. deterministic processes shape soil bacterial community assembly is a consequence of soil pH rather than successional age.
Ischemic preconditioning attenuates ischemia/reperfusion-induced kidney injury by activating autophagy via the SGK1 signaling pathway
Authors: Xie Ying , Jiang Daofang , Xiao Jing , Fu Chensheng , Zhang Zhenxing , Ye Zhibin , Zhang Xiaoli 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIschemic preconditioning (IPC) has a strong renoprotective effect during renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury that is thought to relate to autophagy. However, the role of autophagy during IPC-afforded renoprotection and the precise mechanisms involved are unknown. In this study, an in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was established in which oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) was applied to renal cells for 15 h followed by reoxygenation under normal conditions for 30 min, 2 h or 6 h; transient OGD and subsequent reoxygenation were implemented before prolonged H/R injury to achieve hypoxic preconditioning (HPC). 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) was used to inhibit autophagy. In a renal I/R injury model, rats were subjected to 40 min of renal ischemia followed by 6 h, 12 h or 24 h of reperfusion. IPC was produced by four cycles of ischemia (8 min each) followed by 5 min of reperfusion prior to sustained ischemia. We found that IPC increased LC3II and Beclin-1 levels and decreased SQSTM/p62 and cleaved caspase-3 levels in a time-dependent manner during renal I/R injury, as well as increased the number of intracellular double-membrane vesicles in injured renal cells. IPC-induced renal protection was efficiently attenuated by pretreatment with 5 mM 3-MA. Pretreatment with IPC also dynamically affected the expression of SGK1/FOXO3a/HIF-1α signaling components. Moreover, knocking down SGK1 expression significantly downregulated phosphorylated-FOXO3a (p-FOXO3a)/FOXO3 and HIF-1α, suppressed LC3II and Beclin-1 levels, increased SQSTM/p62 and cleaved caspase-3 levels, and abolished the protective effect of IPC against I/R-induced renal damage. SGK1 overexpression efficiently increased p-FOXO3a/FOXO3 and HIF-1α levels, promoted the autophagy flux and enhanced the protective effect mediated by HPC. Furthermore, FOXO3a overexpression decreased HIF-1α protein levels, inhibited HIF-1α transcriptional activity and reduced the protective effect of IPC. Our study indicates that IPC can ameliorate renal I/R injury by promoting autophagy through the SGK1 pathway.
Sei-1 promotes double minute chromosomes formation through activation of the PI3K/Akt/BRCA1-Abraxas pathway and induces double-strand breaks in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts
Authors: Tian Xing , Liu Chang , Wang Xin , Wang Fei , Wang Liqun , Xu Lu , Ma Jinfa , Gao Yating , Bao Yantao , Wang Falin , Sun Luyao , Wei Junni , Lin Chuwen , Zhang He , Zhu Gang , Guan Xinyuan , Fu Songbin , Zhang Chunyu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSei-1 is a potential oncogene that plays an important role in promoting genomic instability. Double minute chromosomes (DMs) are hallmarks of gene amplification and contribute to tumorigenesis. Defects in the DNA double-strand break (DSB) repairing pathways can lead to gene amplification. To date, the mechanisms governing the formation of DMs induced by Sei-1 are not fully understood. We established DMs induced by Sei-1 in the NIH-3T3 cell line. RNA-sequencing was used to identify key characteristics of differentially expressed genes. Metaphase spreads were used to calculate DM numbers. Immunofluorescence was employed to detect γH2AX foci. Western blot and Akt pathway inhibition experiments were performed to reveal the role of the PI3K/Akt/BRCA1-Abraxas pathway in Sei-1-induced DMs. Luciferase reporter assay was employed to explore the regulatory mechanisms between Sei-1 and BRCA1. DM formation was associated with a deficiency in DSB repair. Based on this finding, activation of the PI3K/Akt/BRCA1-Abraxas pathway was found to increase the DM population with passage in vivo, and inhibition resulted in a reduction of DMs. Apart from this, it was shown for the first time that Sei-1 could directly regulate the expression of BRCA1. Our results suggest that the PI3K/Akt/BRCA1-Abraxas pathway is responsible for the formation of DMs induced by Sei-1.
Dioscin inhibits stem-cell-like properties and tumor growth of osteosarcoma through Akt/GSK3/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Weihai , Zhao Zhiqiang , Wang Yongqian , Li Wuguo , Su Qiao , Jia Qiang , Zhang Jiajun , Zhang Xuelin , Shen Jingnan , Yin Junqiang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOsteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. Many patients with osteosarcoma always develop drug resistance to current chemotherapy regimens, which induces a poor prognosis. And cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been reported to possess the properties to self-renew and maintain the phenotype of tumor, which may lead to clinical treatment failure. Thus, it is an urgent task to develop several potentially useful therapeutic agents, which could target CSCs in osteosarcoma. This study aims to clarify the in vitro and in vivo anti-osteosarcoma effects of dioscin, the primary component derived from Discorea nipponica Makino, and its molecular mechanism of action. In this study, all the ten human osteosarcoma cell lines were sensitive to dioscin treatment in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Dioscin inhibits proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest as well as apoptotic cell death in osteosarcoma cells. More importantly, oral administration of dioscin (60 mg/kg) showed significant therapeutic effect on osteosarcoma growth without obvious side effects in vivo. In addition, dioscin possesses the ability to suppress stem-cell-like phenotype of osteosarcoma cells. Mechanistically, dioscin inhibits osteosarcoma stem-cell-like properties and tumor growth through repression of Akt/GSK3/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, β-catenin expression in osteosarcoma patients was associated with clinical prognosis. Conclusively, the present study provides comprehensive evidence for the inhibition of dioscin on osteosarcoma stem-cell-like properties and tumor growth through repression of Akt/GSK3/β-catenin pathway, which suggests dioscin as a promising therapeutic regimen. And β-catenin may be a potential therapeutic target as well as a significant prognostic marker for osteosarcoma patients in clinic.