bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retracted: Targeting of SPP1 by microRNA‐340 inhibits gastric cancer cell epithelial–mesenchymal transition through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Song Su‐Zhen , Lin Sen , Liu Jia‐Ning , Zhang Ming‐Bao , Du Ya‐Ting , Zhang Dong‐Dong , Xu Wei‐Hua , Wang Hong‐Bo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is a common heterogeneous disease. The critical roles of microRNA‐340 (miR‐340) in the development and progression of GC were emphasized in accumulating studies. This study aims to examine the regulatory mechanism of miR‐340 in GC cellular processes. Initially, microarray technology was used to identify differentially expressed genes and regulatory miRs in GC. After that, the potential role of miR‐340 in GC was determined via ectopic expression, depletion, and reporter assay experiments. Expression of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), miR‐340, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related genes was measured. Moreover, to further explore the function of miR‐340 in vivo and in vitro, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and tumorigenic capacity were evaluated. SPP1 was a target gene of miR‐340 which could then mediate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by targeting SPP1 in GC. Furthermore, miR‐340 levels were reduced and SPP1 was enriched in GC tissues and cells, with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway being activated. Inhibitory effects of upregulated miR‐340 on SPP1 and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were confirmed in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of miR‐340 or the silencing of SPP1 inhibited GC cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT process, but promoted apoptosis of GC cells. Typically, targeting of SPP1 by miR‐340 may contribute to the inhibition of proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of GC cells via suppression of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Prognostic value of differentially methylated gene profiles in bladder cancer
Authors: Yang Zeyu , Liu Anwei , Xiong Qiao , Xue Yongping , Liu Fei , Zeng Shuxiong , Zhang Zhensheng , li Yunfei , Sun Yinghao , Xu Chuanliang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDNA methylation can regulate gene expression and is pivotal in the occurrence and development of bladder cancer. In this study, we analyzed whole‐genome DNA methylation on the basis of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas to select epigenetic biomarkers predictive of survival and further understand the molecular mechanisms underlying methylation patterns in bladder cancer. We identified 540 differentially methylated genes between tumor and normal tissues, including a number of independent prognostic factors based on univariate analysis. Genes (MIR6732, SOWAHC, SERPINI1, OR10W1, OR7G3, AIM1, and ZFAND5) were integrated to establish a risk model for prognostic assessment based on multivariate Cox analysis. The methylation of SOWAHC was negatively correlated with its messenger RNA expression, and together these were significantly correlated with prognosis. This study took advantage of high‐throughput data mining to provide new bioinformatics evidence and ideas for further study into the pathogenesis and prognosis of bladder cancer.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells‐derived conditioned medium protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation‐induced injury through Notch2/mTOR/autophagy signaling
Authors: Li Xianyu , Xie Xiaolin , Yu Zhui , Chen Yun , Qu Gaojing , Yu Han , Luo Bin , Lei Yifeng , Li Yinping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) can ameliorate ischemic injury of various tissues. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain to be clarified. In this study, we intend to investigate the effects of BMSC‐derived conditioned medium (BMSC‐CM) on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‐induced injury of H9c2 myocardial cells, and the potential mechanisms. Cell injury was determined through level of cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, total intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and cell apoptosis. Autophagic activity of cells was detected through levels of the autophagy‐associated proteins and autophagic flux. Results showed that BMSC‐CM alleviated H/R‐induced injury in H9c2 cells, as demonstrated by increased cell viability and Δψm, decreased ROS production, LDH release, and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the H/R treatment induced a decrease in autophagic activity and an increase in Notch2 signaling activation in H9c2 cells. In the presence of BMSC‐CM, the autophagic activity impaired by the H/R treatment was upregulated with decreased phosphorylation of mTOR, and the activation of Notch2 signaling was downregulated. These effects of BMSC‐CM could be replicated by Notch signaling inhibitor. In contrast, inhibitors of cell autophagy including chloroquine (CQ) and 3‐methyladenine, diminished the protective effects of BMSC‐CM. Taken together results, our study showed that BMSC‐CM could protect H9c2 cells from H/R‐induced injury potentially through regulating Notch2/mTOR/autophagy signaling. These findings may provide a novel insight into the mechanisms of BMSC‐CM in therapy of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury as well as other ischemic diseases.
Blockade of SDF‐1/CXCR4 reduces adhesion‐mediated chemoresistance of multiple myeloma cells via interacting with interleukin‐6
Authors: Liu Ying , Liang Hai‐Mei , Lv Yu‐Qi , Tang Shao‐Mei , Cheng Peng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResistance to chemotherapy represents a major cause for treatment failure in multiple myeloma (MM). Herein, this study was conducted to explore the effect of SDF‐1/CXCR4 and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in MM cell adhesion‐mediated chemoresistance. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect expressions of SDF‐1α and IL‐6 in MM patients and healthy controls. RPMI‐8226 cells and isolated bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were stimulated using recombinant SDF‐1α and IL‐6. Effect of cocultured BMSCs and RPMI‐8226 cells on chemosensitivity and apoptosis of RPMI‐8226 cells was analyzed. Effect of doxorubicin on the adhesion rate of RPMl‐8226 cells to BMSCs was analyzed by calcitonin test. Effect of SDF‐1α‐induced upregulation of IL‐6 on chemotherapeutic resistance and apoptosis of RPMI‐8226 cells in adhesion state was analyzed. Cell adhesion model was treated with recombinant protein SDF‐1α and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (P13K) inhibitor Wortmarmin. The levels of P13K and protein kinase B (AKT) and its phosphorylation as well as the expression of IL‐6 were analyzed. SDF‐1α was positively correlated with IL‐6. Recombinant human SDF‐1α increased IL‐6 expression and induced IL‐6 secretion in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner in BMSCs, which was inhibited by IL‐6 and SDF‐1α neutralizing antibodies. Coculture of MM cells with BMSCs increased the drug resistance and inhibited the apoptosis on MM cells. SDF‐1α‐induced IL‐6 upregulation mediates chemoresistance and apoptosis of RPMI‐8226 cells in adhesion state. SDF‐1α may up‐regulate the expression of IL‐6 by activating the P13K/AKT signaling pathway. SDF‐1/CXCR4 may up‐regulate the expression of IL‐6 through the activation of the P13K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby affecting the chemoresistance mediated by adhesion in MM cells.
The miR‐27a‐3p/USP25 axis participates in the pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage by inhibiting trophoblast migration and invasion
Authors: Ding Jinli , Cheng Yanxiang , Zhang Yi , Liao Shujie , Yin Tailang , Yang Jing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInsufficient invasion ability of trophoblasts might be associated with the development of recurrent miscarriage (RM). Ubiquitin‐specific protease 25 (USP25) can regulate the processes of invasion and migration in different types of cancer cells. However, the effect of USP25 on trophoblasts and its roles in the development of RM are unknown. In this study, we first analyzed the USP25 expression in placental villous tissues from RM patients, and then assessed the roles of USP25 in epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and migration of trophoblasts. Furthermore, bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay were used to explore the mechanism of microRNA on USP25 expression, and regulation of USP25 expression in trophoblasts was assessed following transfection with microRNA mimics or inhibitor. The results showed that the expression of USP25 in the placental villous tissues was downregulated in RM patients. Knockdown of USP25 suppressed the EMT process, the invasion and migration capability of trophoblast cells, while overexpression of USP25 exhibited opposite results. Mechanistically, miR‐27a‐3p could regulate USP25 expression by binding to the 3′‐untranslated region of USP25 in trophoblasts. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction results found the expression of miR‐27a‐3p were negatively related to USP25 in RM patients. MiR‐27a‐3p mimics inhibited but miR‐27a‐3p inhibitor enhanced the migration and invasion capability of trophoblasts. Furthermore, sh‐USP25 counteracted the promotion of invasion and migration mediated by the miR‐27a‐3p inhibitor. Taken together, these data indicate that USP25 downregulation by miR‐27a‐3p contributes to the EMT process, thereby inhibiting the migration and invasion of trophoblast cells, and these findings might provide potential biomarkers for RM.
A study on the protective effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide‐induced mucosal immunity against lung injury in a mouse acute respiratory distress syndrome model
Authors: Wang Guan , Liu Zong‐Jian , Liu Xuan , Liu Feng‐Ge , Li Yan , Weng Yi‐Bing , Zhou Jian‐Xin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study aims to determine the feasibility of using oligodeoxynucleotides with unmethylated cytosine‐guanine dinucleotide sequences (CpG ODN) as an immunity protection strategy for a mouse model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This is a prospective laboratory animal investigation. Twenty‐week‐old BALB/c mice in Animal research laboratory were randomized into groups. An ARDS model was induced in mice using lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). CpG ODN was intranasally and transrectally immunized before or after the 3rd and 7th days of establishing the ARDS model. Mice were euthanized on Day 7 after the second immunization. Then, retroorbital bleeding was carried out and the chest was rapidly opened to collect the trachea and tissues from both lungs for testing. CpG ODN significantly improved the pathologic impairment in mice lung, especially after the intranasal administration of 50 μg. This resulted in the least severe lung tissue injury. Furthermore, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and IL‐8 concentrations were lower, which was second to mice treated with the rectal administration of 20 µg CpG ODN. In contrast, the nasal and rectal administration of CpG ODN in BALB/c mice before LPS immunization did not appear to exhibit any significant protective effects. The intranasal administration of CpG ODN may be a potential treatment approach to ARDS. More studies are needed to further determine the protective mechanism of CpG ODN.
AIM2 promotes non‐small‐cell lung cancer cell growth through inflammasome‐dependent pathway
Authors: Zhang Minda , Jin Chenyu , Yang Yunjia , Wang Keke , Zhou Yunjiang , Zhou Yang , Wang Rui , Li Tao , Hu Rong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe human absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is considered as a DNA recognizer. AIM2 has been described as a tumor suppressor gene in the early years. But recent studies suggested that it functions as an oncogene in several cancers. However, its roles in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. Here we reported that AIM2 highly expressed in NSCLC cells and exhibited a tumor‐promoting property both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, AIM2 short hairpin RNA (shRNA)‐mediated suppression of cell proliferation was triggered by the accumulation of cells at the G2/M phase. Knockdown of AIM2 reduced the inflammasome formation, while overexpression of AIM2 or stimulation by poly(dA:dT) induced the inflammasome formation. Interestingly, blockade of the inflammasome by caspase‐1 inhibitor VX‐765 or ASC small interfering RNA (siRNA) abolished the effects brought by AIM2 shRNA and AIM2 plasmid. In summary, our results revealed that AIM2 functioned as an oncogene in NSCLC in an inflammasome‐dependent way.
A novel mouse model overexpressing Nocturnin results in decreased fat mass in male mice
Authors: Le Phuong T. , Bornstein Sheila A. , Motyl Katherine J. , Tian Li , Stubblefield Jeremy J. , Hong Hee‐Kyung , Takahashi Joseph S. , Green Carla B. , Rosen Clifford J. , Guntur Anyonya R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNocturnin (NOCT) belongs to the Mg2+ dependent Exonucleases, Endonucleases, Phosphatase (EEP) family of enzymes that exhibit various functions in vitro and in vivo. NOCT is known to function as a deadenylase, cleaving poly‐A tails from mRNA (messenger RNA) transcripts. Previously, we reported a role for NOCT in regulating bone marrow stromal cell differentiation through its interactions with PPARγ. In this study, we characterized the skeletal and adipose tissue phenotype when we globally overexpressed Noct in vivo. After 12 weeks of Noct overexpression, transgenic male mice had lower fat mass compared to controls, with no significant differences in the skeleton. Based on the presence of a mitochondrial target sequence in NOCT, we determined that mouse NOCT protein localizes to the mitochondria; subsequently, we found that NOCT overexpression led to a significant increase in the preadipocytes ability to utilize oxidative phosphorylation for ATP (adenosine triphosphate) generation. In summary, the effects of NOCT on adipocytes are likely through its novel role as a mediator of mitochondrial function.
Nutritional and metabolic derangements in Mediterranean cancer patients and survivors: the ECPC 2016 survey
Authors: Muscaritoli Maurizio , Molfino Alessio , Scala Ferdinando , Christoforidi Kalliopi , Manneh‐Vangramberen Isabelle , De Lorenzo Francesco 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of nutritional derangements in patients with cancer is high. This survey assessed patients' awareness of cancer‐related nutritional issues and evaluated how important they perceive the impact of nutrition on cancer and treatment to be.MethodsA structured questionnaire was developed to determine: presence of feeding problems, perception of nutrition importance, and perception of physicians' approach to nutrition. The European Cancer Patient Coalition disseminated the questionnaire to its members in 10 countries. The Mediterranean cluster (Italy, Spain, and Greece) was analysed separately to further determine specific patterns in answers.ResultsIn total, 907 respondents completed the questionnaire (68.8% female participants; 51.7% with cancer; 48.3% cancer survivors; 59.3% diagnosed with cancer ≤3 years ago; 46.2% receiving treatment for <1 year). Feeding problems during illness/therapy were experienced by 72.5% (628/867) of all respondents (Italian: 90.0%, 117/130), although up to 53.9% (467/867) reported that physicians did not check their feeding status. Overall, 69.6% (586/842) of respondents reported weight loss after cancer diagnosis (moderate to severe: 36.7%, 309/842). For Italian respondents, the percentages of overall weight loss and moderate‐to‐severe weight loss were 85.1% (109/128) and 70.3% (90/128), respectively. Only 35.0% (295/842) of all respondents reported having their weight measured regularly during treatment; 45.7% (385/842) believed their physician considered cancer‐related weight loss unimportant. Respondents [all: 56.9% (472/830); Italian: 73.0% (92/126); Spanish: 68.9% (42/61); Greek: 79.7% (47/59)] were unaware of supplements' negative effects during therapy or the need to inform their physician about these supplements [all: 43.6% (362/830); Italian: 55.6% (70/126); Spanish: 47.5% (29/61); Greek: 49.2% (29/59)]. The term ‘cachexia’ was generally unknown to respondents [all: 72.9% (603/827); Italian: 64.3% (81/126); Spanish: 68.9% (42/61); Greek: 47.5% (28/59)] and most respondents [all: 92.4% (764/827); Italian: 91.3% (115/126); Spanish: 91.8% (56/61); Greek: 86.4% (51/59)] received no cachexia‐related information.ConclusionsPatients reported differences in perspective between them and physicians on cancer‐related nutritional issues and the specific nutritional approaches available for cancer treatment. Increasing physician focus on nutrition during treatment, particularly among Italian physicians, and providing information on optimizing nutrition to patients are essential factors to improving patients' quality of life.
Aeration step method for kLa measurement under growth conditions in pneumatic bioreactors
Authors: Mestre Julia C , Cerri Marcel O , Esperança Mateus N , Pedrolli Danielle B , Badino Alberto C 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundDetermination of the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) plays an important role in the design and characterization of bioreactors. Among all methods available, few techniques are suitable for the determination of kLa in pneumatic bioreactors during the course of cultivations. The present work proposes a new aeration step method for kLa evaluation in pneumatic bioreactors during biological consumption of oxygen.ResultsThe aeration step method consisted in promoting step changes in the specific air flow rate (Φair) to change the dissolved oxygen concentration during cultivations, allowing the measurement of both overall oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) and specific oxygen uptake rate (QO2). These parameters were determined experimentally by employing two microorganisms, one a strict aerobe (Bacillus subtilis) and the other a facultative aerobe (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), for Φair values ranging from 2.0 to 5.0 vvm. For the purpose of comparison, kLa was also determined in experiments using water as the liquid phase, employing a dynamic gassing‐out method. The kLa values during the cultivations ranged from 0.0137 to 0.0545 s−1, while QO2 varied from 0.44 to 10.06 mol kg−1 h−1. The results obtained are shown to be reliable, exhibited excellent reproducibility and are in agreement with other values reported in the literature by different methodologies.ConclusionThe new aeration step method proved to be reliable as an alternative technique for the determination of kLa and QO2 during microbial cultivation in pneumatic bioreactors. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Cover Image, Volume 94, Issue 5
Authors: Zhang Jianguo , Li Mengla , Mao Hongli 
Published: April 2019

The cover image is based on the Research Article Cross‐linked enzyme aggregates of recombinant cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase for high‐purity β‐cyclodextrin production by Jianguo Zhang et al., DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5912.
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The relationship between habitat use and body shape in geckos
Authors: Kulyomina Yuliya , Moen Daniel S. , Irschick Duncan J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGeckos are a highly diverse group of lizards, with more than 1,700 species that exhibit a wide range of behaviors, ecologies, and sizes. However, no study has examined links between habitat use and body shape in pad‐bearing geckos. We set out to answer a basic question using a data set of pad‐bearing geckos (112 species, 103 pad‐bearing, 9 padless, 42 genera): Do geckos that occur in different habitats also differ in body shape? Overall, we found that body shape was surprisingly similar among our sample of pad‐bearing species, with the exception of the genusUroplatus, which was clearly distinct from other geckos due to its depressed body and long limbs. However, the padless geckos differed in body shape from the pad‐bearing geckos by having longer arms and legs and less rotund bodies. We found that about half of the pad‐bearing species primarily inhabit trees, with the other half, divided approximately equally among rocks, the ground, and mixed habitats. We found no significant links between habitat use and body shape, nor any propensity for larger species to occupy different habitats than smaller species. Padless species tend to inhabit rock and ground substrates. Our results indicate that pad‐bearing geckos have a relatively uniform body form, which contrasts with to their diversity in color, size, and behavior. Indeed, our data show that the general gecko body shape is suitable for a wide range of habitats, ranging from arboreal to terrestrial. This pattern is a departure from other ecomorphological studies and suggests that geckos may not easily fit into the mold of adaptive radiation, as suggested by prior studies.
Superfetation in the viviparous fish Heterandria formosa (Poeciliidae)
Authors: Guzmán‐Bárcenas María Guadalupe , Uribe Mari Carmen 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Heterandria formosa is a viviparous poeciliid native of the southeastern of United States of America. H. formosa exhibits unique reproductive features as: (a) production of extremely small eggs with scarce quantity of yolk (microlecithal eggs), (b) consequently, a high level of matrotrophy and development of a complex follicular placenta, (c) ovarian sperm storage that allows the continuous fertilization of oocytes and production of offspring and (d) development of high degree of superfetation. The degree of superfetation refers to the number of broods in different simultaneous stages of gestation. Morphological evidence of the degree of superfetation in H. formosa has not been documented. Therefore, and because of the general interest in the complex process of superfetation, the goal of this study is to morphologically define the degree of superfetation of H. formosa through two procedures: (a) histological analysis of entire ovaries in gestation and (b) dissection of visible embryos and the histological analysis of the remaining ovarian tissue. Results indicate that H. formosa can gestate up to seven broods at the same time.
Cruciate ligament injuries of the knee: A meta‐analysis of the diagnostic performance of 3D MRI
Authors: Shakoor Delaram , Guermazi Ali , Kijowski Richard , Fritz Jan , Roemer Frank W. , Jalali‐Farahani Sahar , Demehri Shadpour 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundDespite the advantages of 3D MRI in evaluation of cruciate ligament injuries, its use in clinical practice is still a matter of debate due to controversy regarding its diagnostic performance.PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of 3D MRI for detecting cruciate ligament injuries, using surgery or arthroscopy as the reference standard.Study TypeMeta‐analysis.PopulationPatients with knee pain.Field Strength/Sequence3D and 2D MRI.AssessmentFour databases were reviewed according to PRISMA guidelines.Statistical TestsPooled values of sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated using a random‐effects model. To investigate the effect of relevant covariates on the diagnostic performance of 3D MRI, sensitivity analysis was performed using meta‐regression to calculate relative DOR.ResultsOf 731 initially identified reports, 22 (1298 3D MRI examinations) met our criteria and were included. Pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity for 3D sequences were 91.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 87.4–94.2%) and 96.1% (95% CI: 93.8–97.6%), respectively. Fourteen studies also reported the results of 2D MRI, with pooled sensitivity of 90.6% (95% CI: 84.1–94.6%) and specificity of 97.1% (95% CI: 94.7–98.4%), which were not significantly different from 3D sequences. 3D MRI sequences performed using 3T scanners had significantly higher DOR compared with 3D sequences performed on 1.5T or lower scanners (relative DOR: 6.04, P = 0.01).Data Conclusion3D MRI is equivalent to 2D MRI in the diagnosis of cruciate ligament injuries. The use of 3T scanners improves the performance of 3D MRI for detecting cruciate ligament injuries.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1545–1560.