bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors in the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration: Which patient should be targeted with regenerative therapies?
Authors: Rustenburg Christine M. E. , Faraj Sayf S. A. , Ket Johannes C. F. , Emanuel Kaj S. , Smit Theodoor H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivePossible regenerative treatments for lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (DD) are rapidly emerging. There is consensus that the patient that would benefit most has early‐stage DD, with a predicted deterioration in the near future. To identify this patient, the aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors for progression of DD.Study designSystematic review.MethodsA systematic search was performed on studies evaluating one or more prognostic factor(s) in the progression of DD. The criteria for inclusion were (a) patients diagnosed with DD on MRI, (b) progression of DD at follow‐up, and (c) reporting of one or more prognostic factor(s) in progression of DD. Two authors independently assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. Due to heterogeneity in DD determinants and outcomes, only a best‐evidence synthesis could be conducted.ResultsThe search generated 3165 references, of which 16 studies met our inclusion criteria, involving 2.423 patients. Within these, a total of 23 clinical and environmental and 12 imaging factors were identified. There was strong evidence that disc herniation at baseline is associated with progression of DD at follow‐up. There is limited evidence that IL6 rs1800795 genotype G/C male was associated with no progression of DD. Some clinical or environmental factors such as BMI, occupation and smoking were not associated with progression.ConclusionsDisc herniation is strongly associated with the progression of DD. Surprisingly, there was strong evidence that smoking, occupation, and several other factors were not associated with the progression of DD. Only one genetic variant may have a protective effect on progression, otherwise there was conflicting or only limited evidence for most prognostic factors. Future research into these prognostic factors with conflicting and limited evidence is not only needed to determine which patients should be targeted by regenerative therapies, but will also contribute to spinal phenotyping.
Liquid chromatographic methods for separation, determination, and bioassay of enantiomers of etodolac: A review
Authors: Singh Manisha , Sethi Sonika , Bhushan Ravi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe control of enantiomeric purity and determination of individual enantiomeric drug molecules remains the subject of importance for clinical, analytical, and regulatory purposes and to facilitate an accurate evaluation of the risks posed by them to human health. A large number of pharmaceuticals are marketed and administered as racemates. Etodolac is among such nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Overall literature reports on its enantioseparation are scanty. Liquid chromatography (LC) methods of enantioseparation of (±)‐etodolac, including certain unconventional ones, are well covered and discussed in this paper. Methods of direct approach without using chiral columns or chiral thin‐layer chromatography plate and of indirect approach using certain chiral derivatizing agents such as (S)‐naproxen and (S)‐levofloxacin are described. Most interesting aspects include establishment of structure and molecular asymmetry of chemically different types of diastereomeric derivatives using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC–MS), 1H NMR spectroscopy and by drawing conformations in three dimensional views by using certain software. The methods provide chirality recognition even in the absence of pure enantiomers. Besides, recovery of pure enantiomers by detagging or via solubility difference of chiral inducing reagent and the analyte, without racemization at any stage, has been achieved. The limits of detection and quantification are much lower than the industry benchmarks.
Diets of native and introduced tree squirrels in Washington
Authors: Johnston Aaron N. , West Stephen D. , Vander Haegen W. Matthew 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTCompetition for food resources can be a primary mechanism for displacement of native species by introduced species. Investigation of dietary partitioning between potential competitors and spatiotemporal variability in food resources can reveal contested food items and intensity of competition. Introduced eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) have been implicated as competitors with western gray squirrels (S. griseus) and Douglas’ squirrels (Tamiasciurus douglasii), but little is known about interactions among these species. We collected foraging observations and fecal pellets of sympatric gray and Douglas’ squirrels trapped and radio‐tracked in western Washington, USA, from 2007 to 2012. We compared food resources consumed across species, seasons, and years to evaluate dietary overlap and the potential for competitive interactions. All squirrel species ate hypogeous fungi throughout all seasons; spores of several genera were present in 272 of 275 fecal samples and observed in all months. Rhizopogon, Geopora, and Melanogaster spp. occurred in most fecal pellets for all squirrels, but the diet of the Douglas’ squirrels had slightly lower richness of hypogeous fungi than gray squirrels. Although foraging observations suggest that eastern and western gray squirrels shared important dietary items such as acorns, strong differences in consumption of seeds of a common conifer may facilitate their coexistence. Our results suggest that dietary overlap among arboreal squirrels could lead to competitive interactions during periods of food scarcity, but subtle differences may be sufficient to permit long‐term coexistence. Tree squirrels in Washington would likely benefit from forest management practices that promote or sustain robust crops of hypogeous fungi. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Consequences of lake and river ice loss on cultural ecosystem services
Authors: Knoll Lesley B. , Sharma Sapna , Denfeld Blaize A. , Flaim Giovanna , Hori Yukari , Magnuson John J. , Straile Dietmar , Weyhenmeyer Gesa A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPeople extensively use lakes and rivers covered by seasonal ice. Although ice cover duration has been declining over the past 150 years for Northern Hemisphere freshwaters, we know relatively little about how ice loss directly affects humans. Here, we synthesize the cultural ecosystem services (i.e., services that provide intangible or nonmaterial benefits) and associated benefits supported by inland ice. We also provide, for the first time, empirical examples that give quantitative evidence for a winter warming effect on a wide range of ice‐related cultural ecosystem services and benefits. We show that in recent decades, warmer air temperatures delayed the opening date of winter ice roads and led to cancellations of spiritual ceremonies, outdoor ice skating races, and ice fishing tournaments. Additionally, our synthesis effort suggests unexploited data sets that allow for the use of integrative approaches to evaluate the interplay between inland ice loss and society.
Akkermansia muciniphila Exerts Lipid‐Lowering and Immunomodulatory Effects without Affecting Neointima Formation in Hyperlipidemic APOE*3‐Leiden.CETP Mice
Authors: Katiraei Saeed , de Vries Margreet R. , Costain Alice H. , Thiem Kathrin , Hoving Lisa R. , van Diepen Janna A. , Smits Hermelijn H. , Bouter Kristien E. , Rensen Patrick C. N. , Quax Paul H. A. , Nieuwdorp Max , Netea Mihai G. , de Vos Willem M. , Cani Patrice D. , Belzer Clara , van Dijk Ko Willems , Berbée Jimmy F. P. , van Harmelen Vanessa 
Published: August 2019

ScopeAkkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) is an intestinal commensal with anti‐inflammatory properties both in the intestine and other organs. The aim is to investigate the effects of oral administration of A. muciniphila on lipid metabolism, immunity, and cuff‐induced neointima formation in hyperlipidemic APOE*3‐Leiden (E3L).CETP mice.Methods and resultsHyperlipidemic male E3L.CETP mice are daily treated with 2 × 108 CFU A. muciniphila by oral gavage for 4 weeks and the effects are determined on plasma lipid levels, immune parameters, and cuff‐induced neointima formation and composition. A. muciniphila administration lowers body weight and plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides levels. A. muciniphila influences the immune cell composition in mesenteric lymph nodes, as evident from an increased total B cell population, while reducing the total T cell and neutrophil populations. Importantly, A. muciniphila reduces the expression of the activation markers MHCII on dendritic cells and CD86 on B cells. A. muciniphila also increases whole blood ex vivo lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated IL‐10 release. Finally, although treatment with A. muciniphila improves lipid metabolism and immunity, it does not affect neointima formation or composition.ConclusionsFour weeks of treatment with A. muciniphila exerts lipid‐lowering and immunomodulatory effects, which are insufficient to inhibit neointima formation in hyperlipidemic E3L.CETP mice.
Individual risk evaluation for local recurrence and distant metastasis in Ewing sarcoma: A multistate model
Authors: Bosma S. E. , Rueten‐Budde A. J. , Lancia C. , Ranft A. , Dirksen U. , Krol A. D. , Gelderblom H. , van de Sande M. A. J. , Dijkstra P. D. S. , Fiocco M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the effects of surgical margins, histological response, and radiotherapy on local recurrence (LR), distant metastasis (DM), and survival in Ewing sarcoma.ProcedureDisease evolution was retrospectively studied in 982 patients with Ewing sarcoma undergoing surgery after chemotherapy using a multistate model with initial state surgery, intermediate states LR, pulmonary metastasis (DMpulm), other DM ± LR (DMother), and final state death. Effect of risk factors was estimated using Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 7.6 years (95% CI, 7.2‐8.0). Risk factors for LR are pelvic location, HR 2.04 (1.10‐3.80), marginal/intralesional resection, HR 2.28 (1.25‐4.16), and radiotherapy, HR 0.52 (0.28‐0.95); for DMpulm the risk factors are <90% necrosis, HR 2.13 (1.13‐4.00), and previous pulmonary metastasis, HR 4.90 (2.28‐8.52); for DMother are 90% to 99% necrosis, HR 1.56 (1.09‐2.23), <90% necrosis, HR 2.66 (1.87‐3.79), previous bone/other metastasis, HR 3.08 (2.03‐4.70); and risk factors for death without LR/DM are pulmonary metastasis, HR 8.08 (4.01‐16.29), bone/other metastasis, HR 10.23 (4.90‐21.36), and <90% necrosis, HR 6.35 (3.18‐12.69). Early LR (0‐24 months) negatively influences survival, HR 3.79 (1.34‐10.76). Once DMpulm/DMother arise only previous bone/other metastasis remain prognostic for death, HR 1.74 (1.10‐2.75).ConclusionDisease extent and histological response are risk factors for progression to DM or death. Tumor site and surgical margins are risk factors for LR. If disease progression occurs, previous risk factors lose their relevance. In case of isolated LR, time to recurrence is important for decision‐making. Radiotherapy seems protective for LR especially in pelvic/axial. Low percentages of LR in extremity tumors and associated toxicity question the need for radiotherapy in extremity Ewing sarcoma.
The cytochrome P450 CYP389C16 contributes to the cross‐resistance between cyflumetofen and pyridaben in Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval)
Authors: Feng Kaiyang , Ou Shiyuan , Zhang Ping , Wen Xiang , Shi Li , Yang Yuwei , Hu Yuan , Zhang Yichao , Shen Guangmao , Xu Zhifeng , He Lin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcaricide resistance is a serious problem in spider mites. Cyflumetofen is a new complex II inhibitor, whereas pyridaben acts at complex I and has been used for decades. Although cross‐resistance between cyflumetofen and pyridaben has been observed in Tetranychus cinnabarinus, the specific mechanisms at play have not yet been investigated.RESULTSInvestigation into the cross‐resistance mechanisms identified five P450s, among which CYP389C16 was evaluated as the most likely candidate conferring cross‐resistance. Knockdown of CYP389C16 expression via RNA interference diminished the level of cross‐resistance in the cyflumetofen‐resistant strain. In addition, recombinant CYP389C16 (40 pmol) effectively metabolized 25.0 ± 0.7% of cyflumetofen, 39.7 ± 1.0% of pyridaben, and 69.3 ± 3.3% of AB‐1 (active de‐esterified metabolite of cyflumetofen) within 2 h. In addition, hydroxylation metabolite of AB‐1 was identified by HPLC‐MS/MS.CONCLUSIONSThe study reveals that overexpressed CYP389C16 is involved in the cross‐resistance between cyflumetofen and pyridaben in T. cinnabarinus. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Intelligent trajectory tracking of an aircraft in the presence of internal and external disturbances
Authors: Emami Seyyed Ali , Banazadeh Afshin 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis research deals with developing an intelligent trajectory tracking control approach for an aircraft in the presence of internal and external disturbances. Internal disturbances including actuators faults, unmodeled dynamics, and model uncertainties as well as the external disturbances such as wind turbulence significantly affect the performance of the common trajectory tracking control approaches. There are several fault‐tolerant control approaches in the literature to overcome the effects of specific actuator or sensor faults during the flight. However, trajectory tracking control of an air vehicle in the presence of unexpected faults and simultaneous presence of wind turbulence is still a challenging problem. In this paper, an intelligent neural network‐based model predictive control structure is proposed, where the prediction model is updated in each iteration based on a novel proposed online sequential multimodel structure. A hybrid offline‐online learning algorithm is adopted in the introduced online sequential multimodel structure to identify the time‐varying dynamics of the system. The proposed control structure can satisfactorily deal with unexpected actuator faults and structural damages as well as unmodeled dynamics and wind turbulence. The stability of the closed‐loop system is proved under some realistic assumptions. The simulation results demonstrate the high capability of the proposed approach for trajectory tracking control of a conventional aircraft in the simultaneous presence of system faults and external disturbances.
Dynamic Spirals of Nanoparticles in Light‐Responsive Polygonal Fields
Authors: Orlova Tetiana , Plamont Rémi , Depauw Alexis , Katsonis Nathalie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNanoparticles tend to aggregate once integrated into soft matter and consequently, self‐assembling nanoparticles into large‐scale, regular, well‐defined, and ultimately chiral patterns remains an ongoing challenge toward the design and realization of organized superstructures of nanoparticles. The patterns of nanoparticles that are reported in liquid crystals so far are all static, and this lack of responsiveness extends to assemblies of nanoparticles formed in topological singularities and other localized structures of anisotropic matter. Here, it is shown that gold nanoparticles form spiral superstructures in polygonal fields of cholesteric liquid crystals. Moreover, when the cholesteric liquid crystals incorporate molecular photoswitches in their composition, the pitch of the nanoparticulate spirals follows the light‐induced reorganization of the cholesteric liquid crystals. These experimental findings indicate that chiral liquid crystals can be used as chiral and dynamic templates for soft photonic nanomaterials. Controlling the geometry of these spirals of nanoparticles will ultimately allow modulating the plasmonic signature of hybrid and chiral systems.
To Be Higher and Stronger—Metal Oxide Electron Transport Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Yu , Li Xin , Lin Hong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOrganometallic mixed halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology with increasingly improved device efficiency exceeding 24%. Charge transport layers, especially electron transport layers (ETLs), are verified to play a vital role in device performance and stability. Recently, metal oxides (MOs) have been widely studied as ETLs for high‐performance PSCs due to their excellent electronic properties, superb versatility, and great stability. This Review briefly discusses the development of PSCs' architecture and outlines the requirements for MO ETLs. Additionally, recent progress of MO ETLs from preparation to optimization for efficient PSCs is systematically summarized and highlighted to associate the versatility of MO ETLs with the performance of devices. Finally, a summary and prospectives for the future development of MO ETLs toward practical application of high‐performance PSCs are drawn.
Spatiotemporally Tracking the Programmable Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Evolutions by a Robust Molecular Rotor
Authors: Tan Kaiyue , Chen Yingying , Ma Kang , Wang Qing , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Fuan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) represents an essential parameter of cellular activities, and even a minute MMP variation could significantly affect the biological functions of living organisms. Thus, convenient and accurate MMP detection is highly desirable since conventional MMP probes are always constrained by photobleaching, inconvenience, and irreversibility. Herein, a spatial‐dependent fluorescent molecular rotor Mito‐Cy is introduced for efficiently tracking the varied MMP status through its restricted intramolecular rotation in mitochondria and nucleus compartments. Based on a systematic investigation, the specifically lit up fluorescent Mito‐Cy enables us to explore different MMP situations by determining their varied distributions. Accordingly, Mito‐Cy concentrates in mitochondria under normal MMP status. Yet Mito‐Cy starts to migrate gradually from mitochondria to the nucleus in decreasing MMP status, as represented by the increasing distribution levels of fluorescent Mito‐Cy in the nucleus. Mito‐Cy exclusively accumulates in the nucleus at ultimate vanishing MMP status. The facile operation of Mito‐Cy, together with its high photostability and sensitivity, facilitates the monitoring of the reversible and programmable MMP evolutions in living cells. The Mito‐Cy‐involved logic control over MMP, e.g., AND and OR gates, indicates that the robust and versatile Mito‐Cy holds great potential for illuminating mitochondrial viscosity‐related bioprocesses.
Providing digital identity and academic attributes through European eID infrastructures: Results achieved, limitations, and future steps
Authors: Berbecaru Diana , Lioy Antonio , Cameroni Cesare 
Published: August 2019

SummaryElectronic identity is getting an increased importance nowadays since relentless digitalization and 24/7 connectivity continue to transform everyday life. To support the recognition of electronic identification cross‐border within the European Union, the European Commission (EC) released the eIDAS Regulation, which became effective on September 2018. To put eIDAS in practice, the EC has supported the definition of the technical specification; it provides a sample implementation; and it coordinates the eIDAS Network composed of eIDAS nodes of various countries. Each eIDAS node has a generic part required for the communication with the other nodes, and a specific part that each country has to modify independently according to its legal, operational, and technical requirements. Although this specific part is very important because it affects the node flexibility and the interaction with the other actors at the national level, it is less known in practice. We describe the adaptation of this specific part in Italy to perform authentication and provision of attributes through the STORK and STORK 2.0 infrastructures (the predecessors of eIDAS), based on our experience in the homonym projects. Significant effort is spent currently to build real services exploiting the eIDAS infrastructure, eg, the eID4U project proposes eIDAS node extension with new attributes required by some common academic services, such as student registration at a foreign university. We describe the support for these new attributes in the eIDAS nodes and the modification of the specific part of the Italian eIDAS node to allow attributes retrieval from different authorities.
Multiresolution clustering of dependent functional data with application to climate reconstruction
Authors: Abramowicz Konrad , Schelin Lina , Sjöstedt de Luna Sara , Strandberg Johan 
Published: August 2019

We propose a new nonparametric clustering method for dependent functional data, the double clustering bagging Voronoi method. It consists of two levels of clustering. Given a spatial lattice of points, a function is observed at each grid point. In the first‐level clustering, features of the functional data are clustered. The second‐level clustering takes dependence into account, by grouping local representatives, built from the resulting first‐level clusters, using a bagging Voronoi strategy. Depending on the distance measure used, features of the functions may be included in the second‐step clustering, making the method flexible and general. Combined with the clustering method, a multiresolution approach is proposed that searches for stable clusters at different spatial scales, aiming to capture latent structures. This provides a powerful and computationally efficient tool to cluster dependent functional data at different spatial scales, here illustrated by a simulation study. The introduced methodology is applied to varved lake sediment data, aiming to reconstruct winter climate regimes in northern Sweden at different time resolutions over the past 6,000 years.
Fatigue behavior of strain‐hardening cement‐based composites—From the single fiber level to real‐scale application
Authors: Mueller Steffen , Ranjbarian Majid , Mechtcherine Viktor 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStrain‐hardening cement‐based composites (SHCC) are a class of fiber‐reinforced cementitious materials, which exhibits large non‐elastic deformations and high strain capacity under tensile loading. Mix design, mechanical performance under quasi‐static and impact loading as well as durability properties of SHCC has been intensively investigated in the last two decades. Furthermore, a number of pilot and real applications in the practice of construction have been reported. However, there is still a considerable lack of knowledge regarding the behavior of material under cyclic loading. The paper at hand gives an overview of the authors work on the fatigue behavior of SHCC. Starting at the single fiber level, deterioration processes caused by different cyclic loading scenarios are presented and discussed. Next, the fatigue behavior of composite material is studied accompanied by morphological investigation of crack patterns and fracture surfaces. Finally, a practical application of SHCC in road construction is presented highlighting the advantages of using this high‐performance material.