bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic interactions support an inhibitory relationship between bone morphogenetic protein 2 and netrin 1 during semicircular canal formation
Authors: Hwang Chan Ho , Keller James , Renner Charles , Ohta Sho , Wu Doris K. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
The semicircular canals of the mammalian inner ear are derived from epithelial pouches in which epithelial cells in the central region of each pouch undergo resorption, leaving behind the region at the rim to form a tube-shaped canal. Lack of proliferation at the rim and/or over-clearing of epithelial cells in the center of the pouch can obliterate canal formation. Otic-specific knockout of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2) results in absence of all three semicircular canals; however, the common crus and ampullae housing the sensory tissue (crista) are intact. The lack of Bmp2 causes Ntn1 (which encodes netrin 1), which is required for canal resorption, to be ectopically expressed at the canal rim. Ectopic Ntn1 results in reduction of Dlx5 and Lmo4, which are required for rim formation. These phenotypes can be partially rescued by removing one allele of Ntn1 in the Bmp2 mutants, indicating that Bmp2 normally negatively regulates Ntn1 for canal formation. Additionally, non-resorption of the canal pouch in Ntn1−/− mutants is partially rescued by removing one allele of Bmp2. Thus, reciprocal inhibition between Bmp2 and netrin 1 is involved in canal formation of the vestibule.
Growth Firms and Relationship Finance: A Capital Structure Perspective
Authors: Inderst Roman , Vladimirov Vladimir 
Published: February 2019

We analyze how relationship finance, such as venture capital and relationship lending, affects growth firms’ capital structure choices. We show that relationship investors that obtain a strong bargaining position because of their privileged information about the firm optimally cash in on their dominance by pushing it to finance follow-up investments with equity. The firm underinvests if its owner refuses to accept the associated dilution. However, this problem is mitigated if the firm’s initial relationship financing involves high leverage or offers initial investors preferential treatment in liquidation. By contrast, if initial investors are unlikely to gain a dominant position, firms optimally lever up only in later rounds. Our implications for relationship and venture capital financing highlight that the degree of investor dominance is of key importance for growth firms’ capital structure decisions. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Learning in Cycles
Authors: Rockart Scott F. , Wilson Kristin 
Published: February 2019

Organizations face a key challenge in dynamic environments: the contexts in which experience is gained will not always match the contexts in which experience will be applied. This challenge has been investigated largely in terms of progressive environmental change, which increasingly invalidates learning from prior experience. A great deal of environmental dynamism, however, involves cycling through a limited set of environmental conditions that appear and then give way to other conditions, only to later reappear. We argue that cycles create some of the same problems for organizations as progressive change but also provide organizations an opportunity to reapply lessons as the cycle moves from phase to phase. We develop hypotheses about how cycles affect what organizations learn and how cyclical conditions affect how organizations learn. We test the resulting hypotheses in the highly cyclical context of construction lending by community banks using a panel of nearly 40 years of local real estate cycles. The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2018.1239 .
Hard-to-heal diabetic foot ulcers treated using negatively charged polystyrene microspheres: a prospective case series
Authors: Lázaro-Martínez José Luis , García-Álvarez Yolanda , Álvaro-Afonso Francisco Javier , García-Morales Esther , Sanz-Corbalán I , Molines-Barroso Raúl Juan 
Published: February 2019

Objective: To describe the outcomes of a new product based on negatively charged polystyrene microspheres (NCM) technology, in non-responding diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Methods: A clinical case series of patients with a hard-to-heal DFU treated with NCM were recruited between March and June 2017 in a specialised diabetic foot unit. DFUs were treated daily with NCM over four weeks, although the health professional could decide to continue NCM treatment in some patients. Cases were followed up for 12 weeks. Wollina score (granulation, colour and consistency tissue), wound area (cm2), percentage reduction and wound closure (%) were measured. Results: A total of 22 ulcers (19 patients) were included, of which three patients (five ulcers) were withdrawn due to adverse events: four infections and one necrosis. None were associated with the product. NCM treatment was completed in 17 ulcers (16 patients). The mean patient age was 61.53±9.57 years. At baseline, mean duration time of the DFU was 7.88±8.65 weeks, the median area was 5.35cm2, the interquartile range (IQR) was 1.45 to 4.65cm2 and positive probe-to-bone test (PTB+) was recorded at 29.4%. After four weeks of treatment, an increase in Wollina score (3.65±2.12 to 5.69±1.18; p=0.000), a 62.2% reduction of the ulcer area (5.35 cm2; IQR: 1.45 to 4.65cm2) to 3.33cm2 (IQR: 0.25 to 1.70cm2; p<0.001) and complete healing in 17.6% of ulcers was observed. The mean time of NCM treatment was 6.2±1.2 weeks. At 12 weeks, 100% achieved complete healing, including those ulcers with PTB+. Conclusion: After NCM use, a reactivation of the healing process in non-responding wounds was observed, having a significant improvement in Wollina score as well as reduction of the wounds. Complete healing was achieved in all ulcers at 12 weeks, including PTB+.
Biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in meticillin-resistant and meticillin-sensitiveStaphylococcus aureusisolated from burns
Authors: Mahmoudi Hassan , Pourhajibagher Maryam , Chiniforush Nasim , Soltanian Ali Reza , Alikhani Mohammad Yousef , Bahador Abbas 
Published: February 2019

Objective:To investigate the relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance patterns in meticillin-resistant and meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from burns.Methods:In a cross-sectional study, pus/wound swab samples were obtained from burns. Presence of Staphylococcus aureus was confirmed, and biofilm formation-related icaABCDR and eta, etb genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Biofilm formation assay was assessed using the microtiter plate method. Antibiotic resistance was performed using the disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration.Results:A total of 95 patients with burns were recruited. Of the 95 wounds swabbed, Staphylococcus aureus was identified in 50 (62.5%), and 47 (94%) isolates capable of producing biofilm. Biofilm production levels were classed as ‘strong’ (n=29; 58%), ‘moderate’ (n=11; 22%), ‘weak’ (n=7; 14%) and ‘non-biofilm forming’ (n=3; 6%). There was an almost even split between isolates identified as meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), n=24 (48%), and meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) n=26 (52%). The prevalence of the icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD and icaR genes among the studied isolates were 96%, 80%, 80%, 96% and 84%, respectively. The prevalence of eta and etb genes in isolates were 84% and 92%, respectively.Conclusion:Biofilm producing isolates of Staphylococcus aureus showed greater multidrug resistance than non-biofilm producers. In our study, a high rate of biofilm formation and antimicrobial drug resistance was seen. Our results highlight the alarming levels of antimicrobial resistance among MRSA strains and important data about the prevalence of eta and etb genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from burn patients in this study.
Treatment of diabetic foot wounds with acellular fish skin graft rich in omega-3: a prospective evaluation
Authors: Woodrow Tania , Chant Theresa , Chant Harvey 
Published: February 2019

Objective: To evaluate the potential benefit of an intact fish skin graft rich in omega-3 (Kerecis Omega3), in the management of postoperative diabetic foot wounds. Method: Prospective evaluation in eight patients with diabetes following forefoot surgery. The dressing was applied weekly for a period of six weeks in the diabetic foot clinic. At each visit the wound was photographed and independently measured using ImageJ software to calculate wound area. Secondary outcome measures were pain, infection, odour, discharge and irritation. Results: The wound area range was 0.94 to 29.55cm². In wounds of less than three months duration, regardless of size, the median percentage wound area reduction was over 84.9% at six weeks (n=6, range: 71.3 to 100%). There were two wounds over three months duration, in these the wound area reduction was <42% at six weeks (n=2, range: 41.2 to 41.1%). No patients developed infection or skin reactions. None reported odour, discharge or itching. Conclusion: Our initial results demonstrate that the trend towards healing is more marked in wounds less than three months duration. This would suggest that the fish skin graft has potential to decrease time to healing in this patient group when used early on in the healing process, perhaps as a routine adjunct to postoperative diabetic foot wound management. Conclusion: Postoperative diabetic foot wounds are difficult to heal. In this series, fish skin grafts show promise as an agent to accelerate wound healing. We suggest larger randomised trials to further evaluate its use in acute and chronic wounds.
Traumatized selves in Janice Galloway’s The Trick Is to Keep Breathing and A. L. Kennedy’s Night Geometry and the Garscadden Trains
Authors: Jelínková Ema 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the case of Scotland as a traumatized nation haunted by ghosts of the past. Scottish national identity has been profoundly influenced by the country’s loss of sovereignty in the 1707 Act of Union. As a result, the stateless nation deprived of agency built its literature on the foundations of idealized stories of its heroic past. It was not until the 1980s that Scottish literature started to tackle the collective trauma and gave rise to works focusing on the weak and the exploited rather than the brave. Janice Galloway and A. L. Kennedy both epitomize this new vein of literature of trauma and explore the links between national and individual experience and strategies for healing the trauma.
Animal transformation as a deserved punishment in archnarratives
Authors: Danišová Nikola 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The present study is devoted to the transformation of protagonists into animals in ancient narratives (myths, magical stories, legends, etc.) from various cultures and continents (Europe, Asia, America, Africa and Australia). The aim of this research is to determine in what situations and subject-motive combinations the main protagonist transforms into an animal as a part or consequence of his/her fair/well-deserved punishment. We will also attempt to conceptually grasp the archetypal meaning of the existential transformation into an animal, which is directly related to human thinking and (sacral and profane) way of life.
The silent world of Reinaldo Arenas’s novels
Authors: Waldnerová Jana 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The paper focuses on the life and poetics of Cuban writer Reinaldo Arenas, an important representative of Cuban gay literature, who, due to his sexual orientation and eventual opposition to the Revolution, was silenced by the Cuban government and exposed to continual threats. His novels, which depict the hardship of and discrimination against ordinary people and gay members of Cuban society (for example Old Rosa and Farewell to the Sea), reveal also signs of the deep trauma that the writer suffered and its impact on his writing.
”What punishments of God are not gifts?” The meaning of suffering in Tolkien’s life and work
Authors: Juričková Martina 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
J. R. R. Tolkien, as somebody who experienced a difficult early life as an orphan and then as a World War I soldier, endured enough trauma and suffering in his life for it to become a significant element in almost all of his fictional works. This paper explores Tolkien’s understanding of the effects of suffering in human life, which was shaped by his religious belief. He presents pain as an inevitable and essential part of the nature of the Fallen World; yet while it may seem at first as a form of punishment, if treated appropriately, it turns into a powerful means of achieving personal or societal salvation.
Photoluminescence and Cathodoluminescence of the Solid Cometary Substance
Authors: Simonia Irakli , Gucsik Arnold 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe have proposed that solar ultraviolet and corpuscular radiations may excite photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence of the solid cometary substance including mineral halos of comets. Main characteristics of such possible luminescence and physical mechanisms of these phenomena have considered. Results of the tentative identification of previously unknown cometary emissions and data of laboratory research of meteorites are presented. We have shown as well that cometary solid substance may demonstrate red luminescence - similar of red luminescence by the circumstellar dust. Some other aspects of the problem have also been considered.
A mathematical optimization framework for expansion draft decision making and analysis
Authors: Booth Kyle E. C. , Chan Timothy C. Y. , Shalaby Yusuf 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we present and analyze a mathematical programming approach to expansion draft optimization in the context of the 2017 NHL expansion draft involving the Vegas Golden Knights, noting that this approach can be generalized to future NHL expansions and to those in other sports leagues. In particular, we present a novel mathematical optimization approach, consisting of two models, to optimize expansion draft protection and selection decisions made by the various teams. We use this approach to investigate a number of expansion draft scenarios, including the impact of “collaboration” between existing teams, the trade-off between team performance and salary cap flexibility, as well as opportunities for Vegas to take advantage of side agreements in a “leverage” experiment. Finally, we compare the output of our approach to what actually happened in the expansion draft, noting both similarities and discrepancies between our solutions and the actual outcomes. Overall, we believe our framework serves as a promising foundation for future expansion draft research and decision-making in hockey and in other sports.
Phylogeny of Falconidae and phylogeography of Peregrine Falcons
Authors: Wink Michael 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We first examine how falcons can be integrated into avian tree of life. Then we go one step further and investigate the position of Peregrine Falcons in a comprehensive phylogeny of the falcons (genus Falco), which was reconstructed on the basis of DNA sequences. Whether the 19 subspecies of the Peregrine Falcon can be identified genetically is examined in the next step. Recently, the question of Peregrine Falcon’s genetics in Central Europe has become of wider interest. Which subspecies was present before the collapse of populations and which currently after various reintroduction projects? Evidence is provided, that Central Europe constitutes a (natural) hybrid zone between F. p. brookei from the Mediterranean and F. p. peregrinus of northern Europe.
Influence of the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) on the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) population in Germany
Authors: Lindner Martin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In Germany, the Eagle Owl is the only animal species that has a massive impact on the distribution and breeding success of the Peregrine Falcon. Both species compete for the same breeding sites on rocks. In addition, the Peregrine Falcon belongs to the prey spectrum of the Eagle Owl. The Eagle Owl always dominates at places where the two species meet. Since the 1980s, the Eagle Owl has taken over many of the rock face breeding sites of the Peregrine Falcon in Germany. This trend towards the taking-over of Peregrine Falcon nesting sites is ongoing in areas with rocks, as not all regions of Germany have yet been completely colonized by Eagle Owls. Since 1975, the Eagle Owl initially nested on buildings in rural areas, but it is now also colonizing urban areas. Eagle Owls are more and more frequently taking over Peregrine Falcon nest boxes on buildings. The currently growing Peregrine Falcon breeding population on buildings is expected to decline in coming years due to predation by the Eagle Owl, even though these owls do not breed very successfully on buildings and many old and young owls are killed. These statements apply to large parts of Germany. In other areas of Europe, the future usage of buildings as Eagle Owl breeding sites can be expected to have an impact on the Peregrine Falcon populations there. At least eight other Peregrine Falcon breeding sites on buildings and rocks have been taken over by Egyptian Geese (Alopochen aegyptiaca).
Nesting habitat selection of Peregrine Falcons (Falco p. peregrinus) in Eastern Germany – the state of knowledge
Authors: Kleinstäuber Gert , Kirmse Wolfgang , Langgemach Torsten 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
After the disappearance of the Peregrine Falcon during the DDT era, the re-colonization of Eastern Germany from 1981 was accompanied by colour-ringing of a high percentage of juveniles and systematic identification of these individuals on their later nest-sites. Before that period there were two geographically distinct subpopulations: tree-breeders in the north, and cliff-breeders in the south. We were able to restore the tree breeders’ tradition by imprinting nestlings at stick nests in forests. Today, besides cliff- and tree-breeders there are also nest-sites on buildings and lattice structures. The population is increasing including all nest-site types. Here, we analyse nesting habitat choice with respect to the natal habitat of birds. The exchange between the four nest-site types is limited. Habitat fidelity was high in birds fledged on cliffs (95%) and on buildings (81%). The sample size for lattice structures is still too low for deeper analyses. The fixation towards trees was stable only in 56% of birds, and higher for males than for females. The influx from other habitat types is very limited and hardly supports the tree breeders’ subpopulation. A growing number of tree-breeders go along with higher habitat fidelity which is stabilizing their sub-population.
A primer on natural product-based virtual screening
Authors: Koulouridi Eleni , Valli Marilia , Ntie-Kang Fidele , Bolzani Vanderlan da Silva 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Databases play an important role in various computational techniques, including virtual screening (VS) and molecular modeling in general. These collections of molecules can contain a large amount of information, making them suitable for several drug discovery applications. For example, vendor, bioactivity data or target type can be found when searching a database. The introduction of these data resources and their characteristics is used for the design of an experiment. The description of the construction of a database can also be a good advisor for the creation of a new one. There are free available databases and commercial virtual libraries of molecules. Furthermore, a computational chemist can find databases for a general purpose or a specific subset such as natural products (NPs). In this chapter, NP database resources are presented, along with some guidelines when preparing an NP database for drug discovery purposes.
Plant-derived medicines for neuropathies: a comprehensive review of clinical evidence
Authors: Ebrahimi Farnaz , Farzaei Mohammad Hosein , Bahramsoltani Roodabeh , Heydari Mojtaba , Naderinia Kiana , Rahimi Roja 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Neuropathy is defined as the damage to the peripheral or central nervous system accompanied by pain, numbness, or muscle weakness, which can be due to congenital diseases or environmental factors such as diabetes, trauma, or viral infections. As current treatments are not sufficiently able to control the disease, studies focusing on the identification and discovery of new therapeutic agents are necessary. Natural products have been used for a long time for the management of different neurological problems including neuropathies. The aim of the present study is to review the current clinical data on the beneficial effects of medicinal plants in neuropathy. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched with the keywords ‘neuropathy’ in the title/abstract and ‘plant’ or ‘extract’ or ‘herb’ in the whole text from inception until August 2017. From a total of 3679 papers, 22 studies were finally included. Medicinal plants were evaluated clinically in several types of neuropathy, including diabetic neuropathy, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, and HIV-associated neuropathy. Some studies reported the improvement in pain, nerve function, nerve conduction velocity, and quality of life. Cannabis sativa (hemp), Linum usitatissimum (linseed oil), capsaicin, and a polyherbal Japanese formulation called Goshajinkigan had the most evidence regarding their clinical efficacy. Other investigated herbal medicines in neuropathy, such as Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile), Curcuma longa (turmeric), and Citrullus colocynthis (colocynth), had only one clinical trial. Thus, future studies are necessary to confirm the safety and efficacy of such natural medicines as a complementary or alternative treatment for neuropathy.
ÇÖREK OTU BALI KULLANIMI İLE FONKSİYONEL SET TİPİ YOĞURT ÜRETİMİ
Authors: OKUR Özge Duygu , DAYIOĞLU Feyza Nur , DUMAN Merve , KÖTEN Pınar 
Published: February 2019

Bu çalışmada çörek otu balı
ilavesiz (kontrol, K ) ve farklı oranlarda (%2.5,%5%10,%15) çörek otu balı
ilaveli set tipi yoğurtların depolamanın 1, 7, 14 ve 28. günlerinde analizleri
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; fonksiyonel bir ürün elde edebilmek
için karakteristik özellikleri olan çörek otu balının yoğurdun duyusal, bazı
fizikokimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik özellikleri üzerine etkisini incelemektir.
Yoğurt üretiminde çörek otu balı kullanımının pH ve serum ayrılması değerleri
üzerindeki etkisi istatistiki olarak önemli saptanmıştır. Çörek otu balı
ilavesi Streptococcus thermophilus (Str. thermophilus) sayısını
etkilerken, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (Lb.
del. subsp. bulgaricus) sayısını önemli düzeyde
etkilememiştir. Hedonik değerlendirme
sonuçlarına göre depolamanın 1, 7. ve 14. günlerinde en yüksek beğeni alan
yoğurt örnekleri %10 ve %15 bal içeren set tipi yoğurt örnekleri olmuştur.