bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐organ kinetic modeling for Na[18F]F pre‐clinical total‐body PET studies
Authors: Benitez‐Aurioles Jose , Clegg Paul S. , Alcaide‐Corral Carlos J. , Wimberley Catriona , Tavares Adriana A. S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundTotal‐body positron emission tomography (PET), already well‐established in the pre‐clinical setting, makes it possible to study multi‐parameters in biological systems as a whole, rather than focusing on single tissues analysis. Simultaneous kinetic analysis of multiple organs poses some daunting new challenges.PurposeTo explore quantifying the pharmacokinetics of Na[18F]F in multiple dissimilar murine organs simultaneously in vivo with total‐body PET imaging using different compartmental models for each organ and a shared cardiovascular system.MethodsSix mice underwent a 60‐min total‐body PET scan following intravenous bolus injection of Na[18F]F. Compartmental models were constructed for each organ (heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and bone) using an image derived input function. Non‐linear least squares fitting of a model that connects the five organs to a shared cardiovascular system was used to analyze both the first 3 min of data and the full hour. Analysis was repeated 5000 times using different initial parameter values for each duration, permitting analysis of correlations between parameters.ResultsThe models give a good qualitative account of the activity curves irrespective of the duration of the data; however, the quality of the fits to 3 min of data (average is 2.72) was generally better. Comparison of perfusion values to literature values was possible for the liver and lungs with the former (liver, 0.540 ± 0.177 mL/ml/min) being well‐above expectations and the latter (lungs, 0.184 ± 0.413 mL/ml/min) in rough agreement. Correlations between microparameter values (especially affecting k2) caused very noticeable problems for data modeling from both the kidneys and the femur.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates an approach to performing kinetic modeling for multiple organs simultaneously with Na[18F]F. The observed correlations between microparameter values remain a challenge. Nonetheless, many microparameters can be estimated reliably with a quantitative analysis of perfusion being possible for some organs.
Giving the prostate the boost it needs: Spiral diffusion MRI using a high‐performance whole‐body gradient system for high b‐values at short echo times
Authors: Molendowska Malwina , Mueller Lars , Fasano Fabrizio , Jones Derek K. , Tax Chantal M. W. , Engel Maria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeTo address key issues of low SNR and image distortions in prostate diffusion MRI (dMRI) by means of using strong gradients, single‐shot spiral readouts and an expanded encoding model for image reconstruction.MethodsDiffusion‐weighted spin echo imaging with EPI and spiral readouts is performed on a whole‐body system equipped with strong gradients (up to 250 mT/m). An expanded encoding model including static off‐resonance, coil sensitivities, and magnetic field dynamics is employed for image reconstruction. The acquisitions are performed on a phantom and in vivo (one healthy volunteer and one patient with prostate cancer). The resulting images are compared to conventional dMRI EPI with navigator‐based image reconstruction and assessed in terms of their congruence, SNR, tissue contrast, and quantitative parameters.ResultsUsing the expanded encoding model, high‐quality images of the prostate gland are obtained across all b‐values (up to 3 ms/μm2), clearly outperforming the results obtained with conventional image reconstruction. Compared to EPI, spiral imaging provides an SNR gain up to 45% within the gland and even higher in the lesion. In addition, prostate dMRI with single‐shot spirals at submillimeter in‐plane resolution (0.85 mm) is accomplished.ConclusionThe combination of strong gradients and an expanded encoding model enables imaging of the prostate with unprecedented image quality. Replacing the commonly used EPI with spirals provides the inherent benefit of shorter echo times and superior readout efficiency and results in higher SNR, which is in particular relevant for considered applications.
Musculoskeletal mimics for lumbosacral radiculopathy. Part 1: Theoretical considerations
Authors: Chiodo Anthony E. , Jorgensen Shawn P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe diagnosis of lumbosacral radiculopathy includes the exclusion of common musculoskeletal conditions that can cause similar symptoms. Neurology and physiatry physicians use history taking and physical examination findings to develop a differential diagnosis. Appropriate diagnostic testing is then utilized to narrow down this differential diagnosis to determine a working hypothesis of the cause of a patient's symptoms, leading to a treatment plan. There are stark limitations of patient symptoms and physical examination findings in making the diagnosis of lumbosacral radiculopathy and added value of a combination of symptoms and signs to distinguish patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy from patients with mimic disorders. Diagnostic tests have variable strengths and limitations in helping to confirm this diagnosis, contrasting the high sensitivity and lower specificity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the high specificity but lower sensitivity of electromyography (EMG). Further complexity is added to the task of making a diagnosis and setting a treatment plan by the fact that these disorders are common and interact with each other; they are present concomitantly in up to 25% of patients presenting for electrodiagnostic evaluation. A companion paper will review common musculoskeletal mimics of lumbosacral radiculopathy and provide tools to anchor testing for those conditions to the traditional neurological evaluation of lumbosacral radiculopathy.
Stimulus‐induced rotary saturation imaging of visually evoked response: A pilot study
Authors: Capiglioni Milena , Beisteiner Roland , Cardoso Pedro Lima , Turco Federico , Jin Baudouin , Kiefer Claus , Robinson Simon Daniel , Federspiel Andrea , Trattnig Siegfried , Wiest Roland 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSpin‐lock (SL) pulses have been proposed to directly detect neuronal activity otherwise inaccessible through standard functional magnetic resonance imaging. However, the practical limits of this technique remain unexplored. Key challenges in SL‐based detection include ultra‐weak signal variations, sensitivity to magnetic field inhomogeneities, and potential contamination from blood oxygen level‐dependent effects, all of which hinder the reliable isolation of neuronal signals. This pilot study evaluates the performance of the stimulus‐induced rotary saturation (SIRS) technique to map visual stimulation response in the human cortex. A rotary echo spin‐lock (RESL) preparation followed by a 2D echo planar imaging readout was used to investigate 12 healthy subjects at rest and during continuous exposure to 8 Hz flickering light. The SL amplitude was fixed to the target neuroelectric oscillations at that frequency. The signal variance was used as contrast metric, and two alternative post‐processing pipelines (regression‐filtering‐rectification and normalized subtraction) were statistically evaluated. Higher variance in the SL signal was detected in four of the 12 subjects. Although group‐level analysis indicated activation in the occipital pole, analysis of variance revealed that this difference was not statistically significant, highlighting the need for comparable control measures and more robust preparations. Further optimization in sensitivity and robustness is required to noninvasively detect physiological neuroelectric activity in the human brain.
Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria: Clinical benefits for patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Zheng Jingxian , Wang Xiaojie , Yu Jiami , Hu Qiaoting , Zhan Zhouwei , Zhou Sijing , Xu Jingjie , Li Qifei , Song Chunhua , Wang Chang , Zhao Qingchuan , Xu Hongxia , Shi Hanping , Guo Zengqing ,   Investigation on Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers (INSCOC) Group
Published: November 2024

AbstractMalnutrition is a prevalent condition among patients with gastric cancer and is associated with poor survival outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in predicting survival among patients with gastric cancer. The multicenter retrospective cohort study (INSCOC study) included 1406 patients enrolled between December 2012 and April 2020, with follow‐up data collected until June 2023. Various indices for muscle evaluation, such as calf circumference (CC) and body weight–standardized hand grip strength (HGS/W), were used to diagnose malnutrition. Kaplan‐Meier curves were used to analyze the relationship between nutrition status, as defined by GLIM criteria, and survival outcomes in these patients. The analysis revealed that using CC or HGS/W as positive indicators of malnutrition effectively identified patients with survival‐related malnutrition. The incidence of malnutrition was 54.5%, with patients’ median overall survival times of 1169 days for stage I and 575 days for stage II cancer (P < 0.001). Malnutrition was identified as an independent risk factor for survival. Additionally, a nomogram developed through Cox regression analysis demonstrated precise predictive capability, incorporating factors such as tumor node metastasis staging, Karnofsky Performance Status Scale, direct bilirubin levels, and nutrition intervention. The study concludes that the GLIM criteria are effective in diagnosing malnutrition and predicting survival in patients with gastric cancer. Nutrition interventions significantly enhance survival outcomes, underscoring the importance of standardized nutrition treatments in improving patient prognosis.
One hundred‐year secular trends of overweight and obesity in China: effects of age, period, and cohort
Authors: Xie Jinchen , Nie Peng , Sun Mengzi , Chen Xinguang , Xu Tingling , Shi Zumin , Lu Chuntian , Wang Youfa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveObesity has become a major public health problem worldwide and particularly in China. This study examined the secular trend of overweight and obesity in China over the past 100 years.MethodsNationwide data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey and the Chinese General Social Survey were used. A generalized binary mixed‐effects model and a weighted quantile sum model were applied.ResultsFrom 1909 to 2021, the prevalence of overweight and obesity remained stable from 1909 to 1944, experienced a smooth increase from 1945 to 1959 followed by a decline between 1960 and 1974, continued to rise after 1975, and peaked in 2003. The prevalence of overweight (obesity) among Chinese adults increased by 2.68 (6.21) times, from 20.65% (3.10%) in 1993 to 55.33% (19.26%) in 2021, and cohorts born during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1960–1974) exhibited the lowest risk of overweight and obesity, associated with low protein intake and high physical activity. Cohorts born during the Reform and Opening‐Up period (1975–2003) showed a high risk of overweight and obesity related to favorable socioeconomic status and rapid urbanization. Persistent differences by sex and emerging differences by socioeconomic status in overweight and obesity prevalence were captured.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity trends in China have shown a distinctive increasing–decreasing–increasing pattern over the past 100 years. These patterns exhibit unique characteristics and are influenced by discernible social forces.
Machine learning‐based clustering identifies obesity subgroups with differential multi‐omics profiles and metabolic patterns
Authors: Anwar Mohammad Y. , Highland Heather , Buchanan Victoria Lynn , Graff Mariaelisa , Young Kristin , Taylor Kent D. , Tracy Russell P. , Durda Peter , Liu Yongmei , Johnson Craig W. , Aguet Francois , Ardlie Kristin G. , Gerszten Robert E. , Clish Clary B. , Lange Leslie A. , Ding Jingzhong , Goodarzi Mark O. , Chen Yii‐Der Ida , Peloso Gina M. , Guo Xiuqing , Stanislawski Maggie A. , Rotter Jerome I. , Rich Stephen S. , Justice Anne E. , Liu Ching‐ti , North Kari 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals living with obesity are differentially susceptible to cardiometabolic diseases. We hypothesized that an integrative multi‐omics approach might improve identification of subgroups of individuals with obesity who have distinct cardiometabolic disease patterns.MethodsWe performed machine learning‐based, integrative unsupervised clustering to identify proteomics‐ and metabolomics‐defined subpopulations of individuals living with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), leveraging data from 243 individuals in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort. Omics that contributed to the observed clusters were functionally characterized. We performed multivariate regression to assess whether the individuals in each cluster demonstrated differential patterns of cardiometabolic traits.ResultsWe identified two distinct clusters (iCluster1 and 2). iCluster2 had significantly higher average BMI values, fasting blood glucose, and inflammation. iCluster1 was associated with higher levels of total cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Pathways mediating cell growth, lipogenesis, and energy expenditures were positively associated with iCluster1. Inflammatory response and insulin resistance pathways were positively associated with iCluster2.ConclusionsAlthough the two identified clusters may represent progressive obesity‐related pathologic processes measured at different stages, other mechanisms in combination could also underpin the identified clusters given no significant age difference between the comparative groups. For instance, clusters may reflect differences in dietary/behavioral patterns or differential rates of metabolic damage.
Changes in anthropometry, adiposity, and inflammation in Black and White women engaged in intentional weight loss
Authors: Felix Ashley S. , Sinnott Jennifer A. , Caan Bette J. , Gillespie Shannon L. , Meade Caitlin E. , Strafford Katherine E. , Cosgrove Casey M. , Soma Loriana , Noria Sabrena , Bixel Kristin L. , Salani Ritu , Nagel Christa I. , Chambers Laura M. , Cohn David E. , Suarez Adrian A. , Paskett Electra D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe examined associations among changes in anthropometry, regional adiposity, and inflammatory markers in Black and White women participating in intentional weight loss.MethodsA total of 104 women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 self‐selected bariatric surgery (n = 66) or a diet and exercise program (n = 38). Anthropometric, dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry‐quantified regional adiposity, and inflammatory markers (C‐reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor α [TNF‐α], soluble TNF receptor I [sTNFRI], sTNFRII, interleukin [IL]‐6, and soluble IL‐1 receptor antagonist) were measured at baseline and 6 months.ResultsWeight, BMI, visceral adipose tissue, and regional (android and gynoid) adiposity declined in the bariatric surgery group. Among bariatric surgery participants, Black women experienced declines of lesser magnitude in terms of weight and BMI than White women, but changes in regional adiposity and visceral adipose tissue did not differ. In the bariatric surgery group, decreases in weight and BMI were associated with decreases in CRP and IL‐6 among White women, but not Black women. Decreases in weight, BMI, and android fat were associated with increases in TNF‐α, sTNFRI, and sTNFRII among Black women, but not White women.ConclusionsDecreases in anthropometry and adiposity were observed among Black and White bariatric surgery participants; however, associations among changes in adiposity, anthropometry, and inflammation differed by race.
Cardiometabolic characteristics of weight cycling: results from a mid‐South regional comprehensive health care system
Authors: Swartz Alison Z. , Wood Kathryn , Farber‐Eger Eric , Petty Alexander , Silver Heidi J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the unique clinical and cardiometabolic risk characteristics of weight‐cyclers and identify differences between weight‐cyclers and individuals with other weight‐change trajectories.MethodsA deidentified database of 1,428,204 Vanderbilt University Medical Center patients from 1997 to 2020 was included based on having ≥5 years of recorded weights. Patients with a history of malignant neoplasm, bariatric surgery, implausible BMI (e.g., <15 or >80 kg/m2), or missing documented height were excluded, yielding 83,261 participants categorized by weight trajectory, i.e., weight‐stable, weight‐gainer, weight‐loser, or weight‐cycler, based on criteria of ≥5% weight‐change thresholds. Additionally, quartiles of average successive weight variability were evaluated to determine the effect of absolute differences among successive weight values.ResultsOver half (55%) of participants were weight‐cyclers, 23% were weight‐gainers, 12% were weight‐losers, and 10% were weight‐stable over 5 years. Although baseline BMI did not differ among groups, weight‐cyclers were more likely to have lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher blood glucose and triglyceride levels and to have been prescribed antihypertensive, dyslipidemia, and/or antidiabetic therapies. They were also younger and more likely to be smokers. Participants with the greatest weight variability (i.e., highest quartile of average successive weight variability) had higher cardiometabolic risk scores.ConclusionsWeight cycling was highly prevalent but yielded no meaningful overall change in body weight after 5 years. These findings support a paradigm shift in weight management in individuals with overweight/obesity toward reducing cardiometabolic risk with or without weight loss.
Early changes in the gut microbiota are associated with weight outcomes over 2 years following metabolic and bariatric surgery
Authors: Steffen Kristine J. , Sorgen Alicia A. , Fodor Anthony A. , Carroll Ian M. , Crosby Ross D. , Mitchell James E. , Bond Dale S. , Heinberg Leslie J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveMetabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is associated with substantial, but variable, weight outcomes. The gut microbiome may be a factor in determining weight trajectory, but examination has been limited by a lack of longitudinal studies with robust microbiome sequencing. This study aimed to describe changes in the microbiome and associations with weight outcomes more than 2 years post surgery.MethodsData were collected at two Midwestern U.S. centers. Adults undergoing primary MBS were assessed before and 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery. BMI and metagenomic sequencing occurred at each assessment. A linear growth mixture model determined class structure for weight trajectory.ResultsA linear growth mixture model of participants (N = 124) revealed a two‐class structure; one class had greater sustained weight loss relative to the other. Greater genus‐level taxonomic changes in the microbiome composition at each time point were associated with being in the more favorable weight trajectory class, after controlling for surgery type. Higher Proteobacteria relative abundance at 1 month was predictive of percentage weight change at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months (p < 0.05 for all).ConclusionsGreater genus‐level taxonomic changes in the gut microbiota are associated with improved weight trajectory. Early changes in the gut microbiota may be an important indicator of MBS outcomes and durability.
Untying the knot: Unraveling genetic mechanisms behind black knot disease resistance in Prunus salicina (Japanese plum)
Authors: Shum Chloe , Najafabadi Mohsen , de Ronne Maxime , Torkamaneh Davoud , El Kayal Walid , Subramanian Jayasankar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLittle is known regarding the genes, compounds and physiological alternations that take place upon infection of black knot disease. This research aimed to unravel the genetic mechanism responsible for the resistance of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina L.) trees against black knot (Apiosporina morbosa Schwein.) using a Genome‐Wide Association Study. Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) was combined with a phenotyping system to analyze 200 genotypes of mixed origin. Population stratification identified four subpopulations, and the Fixed and Random Model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU) algorithm was used for this analysis. Nineteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with black knot disease resistance were discovered across five chromosomes. Linkage disequilibrium analysis identified 55 genes near these SNPs, with eight genes related to plant defense, immunity, and biotic stress response. One SNP mutation was found in the 5′ untranslated region of a gene regulating the first enzyme in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The results provide valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms behind BLACK KNOT disease resistance in Japanese plum and identifies potential markers for use in molecular breeding.
Achieving optimum balance between mechanical properties and gloss of acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylate resin through control of rubber particle size distribution
Authors: Yao Xinyu , Liu Mengen , Tang Qianyi , Zuo Yansheng , Liu Baijun , Zhang Mingyao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPreparation of acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylate (ASA) with high gloss and superior impact properties is still challenging. Here, we developed a new strategy for the preparation of ASA resins by a selective redox initiation method based on a semi‐continuous emulsion polymerization technique. A series of ASA core‐shell impact modifiers were firstly obtained by grafting styrene (St) and acrylonitrile (AN) onto poly(n‐butyl acrylate) (PBA) seeded latexes of different sizes. The ASA core‐shell impact modifier was then used to toughen the styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN). The synergistic effects between the single particle size of the rubber phase and different particle sizes were systematically investigated, and the mechanical properties of SAN‐toughened resins at various particle sizes of the rubber phase were analyzed. The results revealed that toughened SAN with small particle sizes possessed better gloss, and the impact strength of the doped small‐particle toughened SAN was much higher than that of the single particle size toughened SAN. The ASA graft powders synthesized from large particle PBA (particle size 316 nm) and small particle PBA (particle size 99 nm), respectively, were mixed at a 50/50 ratio and blended with SAN resin, a gloss level reaching 95, and an impact performance of 275 J/m values almost twice those of a single particle size toughened SAN.Highlights
Acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylate resins with an impact strength of 275 J/m and gloss of 95 were prepared.
The balance between mechanical properties and gloss of acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylate resin was obtained.
Polymerization was initiated at low temperature.