bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Probabilistic Hazard Mapping in the Long Valley Volcanic Region CA: Integrating Vent Opening Maps and Statistical Surrogates of Physical Models of Pyroclastic Density Currents
Authors: Rutarindwa Regis , Spiller Elaine T. , Bevilacqua Andrea , Bursik Marcus I. , Patra Abani K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIdeally, probabilistic hazard assessments combine available knowledge about physical mechanisms of the hazard, data on past hazards, and any precursor information. Systematically assessing the probability of rare, yet catastrophic hazards adds a layer of difficulty due to limited observation data. Via computer models, one can exercise potentially dangerous scenarios that may not have happened in the past but are probabilistically consistent with the aleatoric nature of previous volcanic behavior in the record. Traditional Monte Carlo‐based methods to calculate such hazard probabilities suffer from two issues: they are computationally expensive, and they are static. In light of new information, newly available data, signs of unrest, and new probabilistic analysis describing uncertainty about scenarios the Monte Carlo calculation would need to be redone under the same computational constraints. Here we present an alternative approach utilizing statistical emulators that provide an efficient way to overcome the computational bottleneck of typical Monte Carlo approaches. Moreover, this approach is independent of an aleatoric scenario model and yet can be applied rapidly to any scenario model making it dynamic. We present and apply this emulator‐based approach to create multiple probabilistic hazard maps for inundation of pyroclastic density currents in the Long Valley Volcanic Region. Further, we illustrate how this approach enables an exploration of the impact of epistemic uncertainties on these probabilistic hazard forecasts. Particularly, we focus on the uncertainty of vent opening models and how that uncertainty both aleatoric and epistemic impacts the resulting probabilistic hazard maps of pyroclastic density current inundation.
Interseismic Quiescence and Triggered Slip of Active Normal Faults of Kīlauea Volcano's South Flank During 2001–2018
Authors: Wang K. , MacArthur H. S. , Johanson I. , Montgomery‐Brown E. K. , Poland M. P. , Cannon E. C. , d'Alessio M. A. , Bürgmann R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe mobile south flank of Kīlauea Volcano hosts two normal fault systems, the Koa'e fault system (KFS) and the Hilina fault system (HFS). In historical time, at least three M>6.5 earthquakes have occurred on the basal detachment of the Kīlauea Volcano's south flank, with the most recent being the 4 May 2018 M6.9 earthquake. Here we analyze kinematic Global Positioning System data collected from 2001 to 2017 and interferometric synthetic aperture radar data before, during, and after the 2018 M6.9 earthquake to determine the crustal motion across the HFS and KFS faults. Our results indicate that the HFS faults did not significantly slip during the interseismic period from 2007 to 2011. Despite its substantial magnitude, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data show that the 2018 M6.9 earthquake triggered subcentimeter level slip along sections of the previously mapped HFS branches. Up to 20 cm of offset occurred on what appears to be a newly formed (or previously unknown) fault near the eastern end of the HFS. During the 3 months following the M6.9 earthquake, up to ~30 cm of slip occurred along the KFS, which helps accommodate rapid large‐scale subsidence of Kīlauea's summit region as large volumes of summit reservoir magma fed the lower East Rift Zone eruption. The HFS appears to activate only in concert with large earthquakes on the basal detachment. The KFS, on the other hand, moves both seismically during small local earthquakes and aseismically in response to nearby earthquakes and caldera subsidence.
Pyroxene 40Ar/39Ar Dating of Basalt and Applications to Large Igneous Provinces and Precambrian Stratigraphic Correlations
Authors: Zi Jian‐Wei , Haines Peter W. , Wang Xuan‐Ce , Jourdan Fred , Rasmussen Birger , Halverson Galen P. , Sheppard Stephen , Li Chao‐Feng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCorrelations within and between Precambrian basins are heavily reliant on precise dating of volcanic units (i.e., tuff beds and lava flows) in the absence of biostratigraphy. However, felsic tuffs and lavas are rare or absent in many basins, and direct age determinations of Precambrian basaltic lavas have proven to be challenging. In this paper, we report the first successful application of 40Ar/39Ar dating to pyroxene from a Neoproterozoic basalt unit, the Keene Basalt in the Officer Basin of central Australia. 40Ar/39Ar analyses of igneous pyroxene crystals yielded an age of 752 ± 4 Ma (mean squared weighted deviation = 0.69, p = 72%), which is underpinned by 40Ar/39Ar plagioclase age (753.04 ± 0.84 Ma) from the basalt. This age is significant because the Keene Basalt is one of the very few extrusive igneous rocks identified within the Neoproterozoic successions of central Australia and is potentially an important time marker for correlating the Neoproterozoic stratigraphy within, and beyond, the central Australian basins. Our geochronological and geochemical data show that the Keene Basalt, which is characterized by enriched elemental and Nd‐Pb isotopic signatures, is strikingly similar to, and coeval with, the 755 ± 3 Ma Mundine Well Dolerite in northwestern Australia. Here we suggest that both are part of the same large igneous province (~6.5 × 105 km2) related to breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia. This study demonstrates the potential of pyroxene 40Ar/39Ar geochronology to date ancient flood basalts and to provide pivotal time constraints for stratigraphic correlations of Precambrian basins.
Lithospheric SH Wave Velocity Structure Beneath the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau From Love Wave Tomography
Authors: Fu Yuanyuan V. , Li Lun , Xiao Zhuo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe northeastern (NE) Tibetan plateau has been a prime site to understand the dynamic processes responsible for the rise and lateral growth of the Tibetan plateau. Here we construct a high‐resolution lithospheric scale isotropic SH wave velocity model (down to the depth of 130 km) for the NE Tibetan plateau and its adjacent regions based on the measurements of fundamental‐mode Love wave dispersions (20–100 s) with seismic data recorded by ChinArray II and China Digital Seismic Array using two‐plane wave method. Prominent slow SH wave velocity (VSH) is observed in the midlower crust of the NE Tibetan plateau, specifically in the Qilian Orogenic Belt and the Songpan‐Ganzi Terrane regions, coincident with previously indicated significantly slow SV wave velocity (VSV), probably implying the existence of partial melts in the midlower crust. This low SH wave velocity anomaly could be traced down to the uppermost mantle, indicating a weak and warm lithosphere, which we interpret as a consequence of asthenosphere upwelling after lithospheric mantle removal in the NE Tibetan plateau. The asthenosphere upwelling and associated deep‐seated thermal buoyancy could explain the occurrence of partial melting in the mid‐lower crust and account for parts of high elevations in the NE Tibetan plateau. The western Qinling orogenic belt is characterized with a high velocity anomaly in most of lithosphere, which is inconsistent with the existence of channel flow within the lithosphere along the Qinling orogenic belt from the Tibetan plateau.
Tsunamigenic Potential of the Baiyun Slide Complex in the South China Sea
Authors: Li Linlin , Shi Fengyan , Ma Gangfeng , Qiu Qiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Baiyun slide complex contains geological evidence for some of the largest landslide ever discovered in the continental slopes of the South China Sea. High‐resolution seismic data suggest that a variety of landslides with varied scales have occurred repeatedly in this area. The largest landslide reconstructed from bathymetric and seismic data has an estimated spatial coverage of ~5,500 km2 and a conservative volume of ~1,035 km3. Here, using geomorphological and geotechnical data, we construct a series of probable landslide scenarios and assess their tsunamigenic capacity. By treating the slides as deformable mudflows, we simulate the dynamics of landslide movements. The simulated landslide motions match the geophysical observations interpreted in previous studies. Particularly, we are able to reproduce the spatial distribution of observed runout, including the distance, shape, and deposit thickness, for the most credible slide scenario. We investigate tsunami impacts generated by different slide scenarios and highlight the importance of initial water depth, sliding direction, and nearshore bathymetry. The worst‐case scenario is capable of producing basin‐wide tsunami, with maximum wave amplitudes reaching ~5 m near Hong Kong and Macau, 1–3 m in western Philippines, and at least 1 m along central Vietnam, southeast Hainan, and southern Taiwan. The most noticeable phenomenon we observed is that the southern Chinese coast is the hardest‐hit region in all the simulated scenarios regardless of the diverse slide features. We conclude that the persistence of high tsunami impact is caused by the unique bathymetric feature of the wide continental shelf in front of southern China.
Reevaluating the Canyon Hypothesis in a Biological Hotspot in the Western Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Hudson K. , Oliver M. J. , Bernard K. , Cimino M. A. , Fraser W. , Kohut J. , Statscewich H. , Winsor P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the Western Antarctic Peninsula, increased biological activity at many levels of the food web are spatially coherent with submarine canyons. One possible mechanism that links the presence of these canyons to increased biological productivity is through the local upwelling of nutrient‐rich modified Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (mUCDW) to the surface, which supports high phytoplankton stocks, krill, penguins, and whales. In the austral summer of 2015, we investigated this hypothesis by deploying three autonomous Slocum gliders over Palmer Deep Canyon, near Palmer Station, Antarctica. Although we observed the shallowing of mUCDW consistent with canyon‐driven isopycnal uplift, these deep waters did not penetrate the phytoplankton rich surface mixed layer. Waters below the mixed layer, however, were strongly coherent with bathymetry, suggesting the strong influence of the canyon. The decoupling of the surface mixed layer from the mUCDW suggests that local upwelling may not be the mechanism that supports the biological hotspot. New physical mechanisms that could support the biological hotspot at Palmer Deep Canyon are suggested.
Atmospheric Instability Dominates the Long‐Term Variation of Cloud Vertical Overlap Over the Southern Great Plains Site
Authors: Li Jiming , Jian Bida , Zhao Chuanfeng , Zhao Yuxin , Wang Jing , Huang Jianping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAccurate representation of cloud vertical overlap in climate models is particularly significant for predicting the total cloud fraction (TCF) and calculating radiative budget. It refers to the parameterization of overlap parameter—decorrelation length scale L—but the potential of dynamical factors in developing parameterization of L has still received far less attention. Using ground‐based radar observation over Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains site, here long‐term seasonal‐averaged L is retrieved and shows a very high anticorrelation with TCF from different data sets, indicating that TCF is sensitive to the way of cloud overlap. Therefore, combined with meteorological reanalysis data set, a robust multiple regression model between L and dynamical factors is built and exhibits smaller TCF bias compared with previous parameterization of L. Contribution calculation further verifies that atmospheric instability contributes 70% of L variation, indicating that it dominates the long‐term variation of L over Southern Great Plains site. This finding implies that dynamical factors should be taken into account in the parameterization of L.
Exposure to Light Elicits a Spectrum of Chemical Changes in Soil
Authors: Doane Timothy A. , Silva Lucas C.R. , Horwath William R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe significance of photochemically active solar radiation is well substantiated in Earth's air and water environments, but no broad connection has yet been ascertained between sunlight and the chemical properties of land surfaces. Since it is obvious that sunlight strikes Earth every day, an inquiry into this connection was made in a simple experiment with a diverse group of 20 soils. Light‐induced alteration of most of the major elements in soil was evident, including significant changes in dissolved organic carbon, inorganic nitrogen, pH, phosphorus availability and sorption capacity, and soluble and mineral forms of iron, manganese, aluminum, silicon, and calcium. In many instances the extent of these changes could be predicted from initial values. This broad response to light attests to the vivid photochemistry of soils and has both pedological and edaphological implications that reach beyond the surface. The phenomena reported here affirm the opportunity for novel inquiries into the chemistry of soils and land surfaces in general.
SIRT1-targeted miR-543 autophagy inhibition and epithelial–mesenchymal transition promotion in Helicobacter pylori CagA-associated gastric cancer
Authors: Shi Yanyan , Yang Ziwei , Zhang Ting , Shen Lijuan , Li Yuan , Ding Shigang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGastric cancer is an important cause of death worldwide with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) considered a leading and known risk factor for its development. More particularly and despite the underlying mechanisms not being very clear, studies have revealed that the H. pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) protein plays a key role in this process. In this study it was found that H. pylori increased the expression of miR-543 in human gastric cancer tissue when compared with H. pylori-negative gastric cancer tissue samples. In vitro experiments showed that increased expression of miR-543 induced by CagA is a strong promoter of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Conversely, a miR-543 inhibitor suppressed or reversed these effects. It was furthermore found that silencing miR-543 inhibited autophagy and led to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) under in vitro. The mechanisms by which miR-543 targets SIRT1 to downregulate autophagy was also described. The results suggest that in the progression of H. pylori-associated gastric cancer, CagA induces overexpression of miR-543, which subsequently targets SIRT1 to suppress autophagy. This may be followed by increased expression of EMT causing cell migration and invasion. Consequently, miR-543 might be considered a therapeutic target for H. pylori-associated gastric cancer.
Increase Trichomonas vaginalis detection based on urine routine analysis through a machine learning approach
Authors: Wang Hsin-Yao , Hung Chung-Chih , Chen Chun-Hsien , Lee Tzong-Yi , Huang Kai-Yao , Ning Hsiao-Chen , Lai Nan-Chang , Tsai Ming-Hsiu , Lu Li-Chuan , Tseng Yi-Ju , Lu Jang-Jih 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTrichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) detection remains an unsolved problem in using of automated instruments for urinalysis. The study proposes a machine learning (ML)-based strategy to increase the detection rate of T. vaginalis in urine. On the basis of urinalysis data from a teaching hospital during 2009–2013, individuals underwent at least one urinalysis test were included. Logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest, were used to select specimens with a high risk of T. vaginalis infection for confirmation through microscopic examinations. A total of 410,952 and 428,203 specimens from men and women were tested, of which 91 (0.02%) and 517 (0.12%) T. vaginalis-positive specimens were reported, respectively. The prediction models of T. vaginalis infection attained an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of more than 0.87 for women and 0.83 for men. The Lift values of the top 5% risky specimens were above eight. While the most risky vigintile was picked out by the models and confirmed by microscopic examination, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for T. vaginalis detection in men and women were USD$170.1 and USD$29.7, respectively. On the basis of urinalysis, the proposed strategy can significantly increase the detection rate of T. vaginalis in a cost-effective manner.
Modular and stackable power generators for efficient renewable power generation
Authors: Kails Kevin , Li Quan , Mueller Markus 
Published: August 2019

Stackable power generators enable very compact electric machines with high power density. How to identify an effective way of stacking is necessary and requires new knowledge for future guidance. In this study, both possibilities of stacking modules concentrically and axially are explored and compared. An axial flux generator based on the existing double claw pole design is used as a case study. The claw pole generator, which is modular and stackable, significantly benefits on‐site installation due to its flexible small modules that can be easily transported. This is particularly important to the installation of offshore wind turbines. Superconducting field windings are applied instead of copper in such power generators, which greatly increases their power density. In order to further increase their power density and reduce mass, the authors improved the modularity of 5 MW generators and stacked them in both ways. Results show that the power density versus mass as well as volume can be improved through stacking the modules both concentrically and axially, while the former approach is much more effective. Stacking two modules of 5 MW concentrically results in a 12.1 MW power generator with a more compact structure and higher power density than the original 10 MW generator.
Determination of electrical percolation threshold of carbon nanotube‐based epoxy nanocomposites and its experimental validation
Authors: Mohan Lekshmi , Kumar Polisetti Naveen , Karakkad Sunitha , Krishnan Sindhu Thiruthi 
Published: August 2019

The electrical conductivity of polymer nanocomposites plays a critical role in applications like aerospace and electromagnetic shielding. Electrical conductivity and other electromagnetic parameters of carbon nanotube (CNT)‐based epoxy nanocomposites are being analysed in this work for their suitability in electromagnetic shielding. Unfilled epoxy and CNT epoxy nanocomposite samples with various filler loadings are prepared. Impedance measurements are conducted over the frequency range of 20 Hz–10 MHz. Micromechanics model is used for the theoretical estimation of electrical conductivity of CNT‐based epoxy nanocomposites. Interface thickness in the conventional model is modified to avoid the overestimation of electrical conductivity. DC conductivity of nanocomposites determined experimentally is found to obey classical law of percolation theory and percolation threshold is determined to be 0.17 wt% which agrees well with theoretical value of 0.18 wt% obtained using modified micromechanics model. AC conductivity is found to obey universal dynamic response. Dipolar polarisation mechanism is prominent in the tested frequency range whose frequency of occurrence increases with CNT content due to a greater number of interfaces formed between CNT and epoxy. CNT epoxy nanocomposites are found to have negative permeability thus acting as absorbers in electromagnetic shielding.
Diamond‐shaped metasurface low‐profile wideband antenna
Authors: Shi Chenyun , Cui Jie , Renli Zhang , Han Yubing 
Published: August 2019

A low profile wideband metasurface (MTS) antenna based on periodically modulated diamond‐shaped patch is presented. The proposed antenna consists of diamond‐shaped MTS patches and a slotted antenna fed by a microstrip line, which excites both the quasi‐TM30 mode of MTS patches and a slot antenna mode to realise a wideband operation. Impedance bandwidth for −10 dB return loss achieves 49% of 5 GHz Wi‐Fi band (from 4.53 to 7.55 GHz). The proposed antenna maintains gain from 5 to 9.8 dB and its cross‐section dimension is 0.06λ 0.
MicroRNAs as Regulators and Biomarkers of Platelet Function and Activity in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Stojkovic Stefan , Nossent Anne Yaël , Haller Paul , Jäger Bernhard , Vargas Kris G. , Wojta Johann , Huber Kurt 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMicroribonucleic acids (miRs) are small, noncoding ribonucleic acids (RNAs), which play an important role in the regulation of platelet function and activity. Several studies proposed a mechanistic role of platelet-related miRs in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherothrombosis. Circulating, platelet-related miRs have been proposed as diagnostic, prognostic, as well as treatment response biomarkers in CAD and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In this review, we summarize recent studies on the role of platelet-related miRs in the regulation of platelet function and activity. Furthermore, we review the studies investigating the role of platelet-related miRs as biomarkers in patients with CAD and ACS.
Opioid Use Disorder during Antepartum and Postpartum Hospitalizations
Authors: Kern-Goldberger Adina R. , Huang Yongmei , Polin Melanie , Siddiq Zainab , Wright Jason D. , D'Alton Mary E. , Friedman Alexander M. 
Published: August 2019

Objective This study aimed to evaluate temporal trends in opioid use disorder (OUD) during antepartum and postpartum hospitalizations.
Study Design This repeated cross-sectional analysis analyzed data from the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample. Women aged 15 to 54 years admitted antepartum or postpartum were identified. The presence of OUD was determined based on a diagnosis of opioid abuse, opioid dependence, or opioid overdose. Temporal trends in OUD were evaluated using the Rao–Scott chi-square test. Temporal trends in opioid overdose were additionally evaluated.
Results An estimated 7,336,562 antepartum hospitalizations and 1,063,845 postpartum readmissions were included in this analysis. The presence of an OUD diagnosis during antepartum hospitalizations increased from 0.7% of patients in 1998 to 1999 to 2.9% in 2014 (p < 0.01) and during postpartum hospitalizations increased from 0.8% of patients in 1998 to 1999 to 2.1% of patients in 2014 (p < 0.01). Risk of overdose diagnoses increased significantly for both antepartum hospitalizations, from 22.7 per 100,000 hospitalizations in 1998 to 2000 to 70.3 per 100,000 hospitalizations in 2013 to 2014 (p < 0.001), and postpartum hospitalizations, from 18.8 per 100,000 hospitalizations in 1998 to 2000 to 65.2 per 100,000 hospitalizations in 2013 to 2014 (p = 0.02).
Discussion Risk of OUD diagnoses and overdoses increased over the study period for both antepartum and postpartum hospitalizations.