bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New beamforming and distributed space‐time coding with selection relaying over Nakagami‐m fading channels
Authors: Shirzadian Gilan Mahsa , Olfat Ali 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a decode‐and‐forward (DF) cooperative network under Nakagami‐m fading is considered. A threshold‐based selection relaying scheme is used to choose the relays for cooperation and the selected relays then employ distributed space‐time coding (DSTC) to retransmit their detected symbols to destination. When employing DSTC, due to decoding errors at DF relays, intersymbol interference (ISI) would be inevitable in these networks. A new beamforming (BF) method, named as bisector alignment, is proposed for mitigating ISI between symbols of DSTC scheme caused by erroneous detection of symbols at relay. It is demonstrated that this scheme by using a simple maximal ratio combining is more power efficient compared with other existing methods. A closed‐form expression for end‐to‐end bit error rate (BER) of the system is derived and the asymptotic behavior analysis of the system illustrates that the threshold‐based selection relaying scheme by employing proper thresholds derived in this paper achieves full diversity order (M + 1)m in a network with M relays and Nakagami shape parameter m. Moreover, we can observe an excellent agreement between analytical and simulation results and the proposed BF achieves more than 3‐dB power gain at BER of 10−3. Based on our results, it can be seen that our proposed scheme is robust to imperfect channel estimation and quantizations.
Public key encryption with conjunctive keyword search secure against keyword guessing attack from lattices
Authors: Mao Yaojun , Fu Xingbing , Guo Chen , Wu Guohua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPublic key encryption With keyword search (PEKS) enables a cloud server (CS) to get the search trapdoor to identify ciphertext containing the target keyword without decrypting the ciphertext or knowing the target keyword. With the advent of mobile cloud computing, PEKS has ushered in an era of new development opportunities and new challenges. In mobile cloud computing environment, the PEKS schemes demand strict bounded timing response and security. However, traditional PEKS schemes rely on heavy bilinear pairing computations, which causes a delay from the CS to the mobile terminal. Moreover, as computing power increases, PEKS is more vulnerable to suffer from an inherent insecurity known as inside keyword guessing attack, which leaks user data query information. To achieve a secure and efficient searchable encryption scheme in the mobile cloud computing environment, we put forward a lattice‐based searchable encryption scheme that supports conjunctive keyword search. Our scheme achieves higher computational efficiency and is resistant against quantum attacks compared with traditional PEKS schemes. To further enhance security and make our scheme secure against keyword guessing attack, we hide the decryption parameters by outsourcing part of the decryption process to a semitrusted third party called unusual keyword server, so that the CS cannot guess the exact keyword by performing consistency verification.
Molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs‐mediated cancer metastasis
Authors: Li Yajuan , Egranov Sergey D. , Yang Liuqing , Lin Chunru 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCancer metastasis is a multistep process that requires cancer cells to leave the primary site, survive in the blood stream, and finally colonize at a distant organ. It is the major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. The organ‐specific colonization requires close interaction and communication between cancer cells and host organs. Noncoding RNAs represent the majority of the transcriptome, with long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) making up a significant proportion. It has been suggested that lncRNAs play a key role in all stages of tumorigenesis and metastasis. This review will provide an overview of how lncRNAs are involved in cancer cell colonization in specific organ sites and the underlying mechanisms as well as therapeutic strategies.
Scholarly Advising and the Scholarship of Advising
Authors: Troxel Wendy G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUsing the “advising is teaching” framework, this chapter addresses the bases for the study of academic advising from both an approach to the work involved (“scholarly advising”) and as an area of inquiry (“scholarship of advising”). Emerging research trends and critical issues are explored, including implications for collaborative inquiry related to student success.
Microscopic investigations and pharmacognostic techniques used for the standardization of herbal drug Nigella sativa L.
Authors: Rashid Sofia , Zafar Muhammad , Ahmad Mushtaq , Lone Farooq Ahmad , Shaheen Shabnum , Sultana Shazia , Ashfaq Shomaila , Shinwari Muhammad Ibrar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA comprehensive account on standardization of herbal drug Nigella sativa L. (Tukhm‐e‐Kalonji) by using microscopic as well as pharmacognostic parameters. In the field of herbal medicines, the main issues are quality, purity, and effectiveness, as in many cases herbal drugs are knowingly or unknowingly substituted or adulterated with similar species or varieties. In herbal market the seeds of N. sativa are commonly adultered with seeds of Allium cepa L. intentionally or accidentally due to their similar morphology. In the present study, the microscopic characterization of herbal drug was done by morphological, palynological, and anatomical features. A great diversity was found in anatomical features of two species, as irregular epidermal cells, actinocytic stomata, and nonglandular trichomes were found in N. sativa while in A. cepa epidermal cells were rectangular in shape, stomata type was paracytic, and trichomes were absent. Pharmacognostic characterization was made by fluorescence analysis and physiochemical parameters. Physicochemical parameters like moisture content, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, and water insoluble ash were also evaluated. The above parameters, being reported to the first time for the studied plant species, and are significant towards establishing the microscopic and pharmacognostic standards for future identification and authentication of genuine herbal drug.Research highlights

Microscopic Investigations for the standardization of herbal drug Nigella sativa L. (Tukhm‐e‐Kalonji).
Pharmacognostic techniques are potentially significant for the standardization of herbal drug Nigella sativa in comparison with its adulterant.
Useful for preparation of standards for herbal pharmacopeia.
The effect of dental LED light‐curing unit photoactivation mode on 3D surface morphology of dental nanocomposites evaluated by two‐dimensional multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis
Authors: Ţălu Ştefan , Yadav Ram Pratap , Lainović Tijana , Méndez‐Albores Alia , Trejo Gabriel , Kukuruzović Dragan , Nezafat Negin Beryani , Shafiekhani Azizollah , Solaymani Shahram 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two photoactivation modes of dental LED light‐curing unit (LCUs) (conventional and “Soft Start” mode) on surface texture parameters of two dental resin‐based nanocomposites. LED LCUs were considered as standard light‐curing devices in contemporary dental practice. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was applied to investigate surface morphology on 90 × 90 μm2 scanning area through 2D multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis with computational algorithms basis. In order to compare 3D surface roughness at nanometer scale, singularity spectrum f[α] was used which characterize local scale properties of multifractal nature of samples. The results confirmed that larger spectrum width Δα (Δα = αmax − αmin) of f(α) is associated with non‐uniform surface morphology. Moreover, materials whose polymerization was photoactivated by the “soft start” polymerization mode, showed better quality of the surface microstructure with lower values of AFM surface texture parameters.
Significance of ileal and/or cecal wall thickening on abdominal computed tomography in a tropical country
Authors: Kumar Amit , Rana Surinder S , Nada Ritambhra , Kalra Naveen , Sharma Ravi K , Dutta Usha , Gupta Rajesh 
Published: October 2018

Background and AimClinical significance of ileocecal thickening on computed tomography (CT) is uncertain. We conducted this prospective study to determine the clinical relevance of ileal and/or cecal thickening on CT.MethodsAll patients with ileocecal thickening on CT were prospectively evaluated with ileocolonoscopy, biopsy, and other relevant investigations.ResultsFifty patients (29 males, mean age 36.8 ± 13.21 years) were studied. Thirty nine (78%) patients presented with abdominal pain. On CT, 46 (92%) had a thickened wall of terminal ileum, 25 (50%) cecum, and 21 (42%) of both cecum and ileum. The mean wall thickness of ileum and cecum on CT was 7.23 + 3.2 mm and 5.5 + 3.1 mm, respectively. Final diagnosis was tuberculosis in 24 (48%) patients, Crohn's disease (CD) in 10 (20%), and adenocarcinoma in 1 patient. Colonoscopy demonstrated abnormal findings in 41 patients (82% patients with mucosal ulcerations being most common (n = 20 (40%). Of 15 (30%) patients with ileocecal bowel wall thickening, 4 (8%) patients had normal colonoscopy and histopathology (incidental ileocecal wall thickening), and in the remaining 11 patients, histopathology showed non‐specific findings and these patients were asymptomatic without any specific treatment on last follow up ranging from 3 to 24 months. Involvement of cecum with ileocecal junction, ascending colon involvement, peri‐ileocecal stranding, and long‐segment stricture was significantly more common in patients with underlying disease as compared to nondiseased patients (P < 0.05).ConclusionA majority of patients with ileocecal wall thickening on CT have an underlying disease and should be further investigated by ileocolonoscopy and biopsy.
The noncervical lateral transverse foramina
Authors: Mizer Linda A. , Wahl Christina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe lateral vertebral foramen (LVF) is an osseous feature found in thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of some artiodactyls and perissodactyls. To learn more about the distribution and characteristics of the LVF, we examined museum specimens from the Smithsonian mammal collection and teaching specimens from the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. We identified five anatomically different types of LVF and noted their occurrence in 60 species. The LVF varies from a deep lateral groove at the cranial intervertebral notch, to as many as three distinct foramina located bilaterally in the caudal half of each vertebra. A nomenclature was developed to describe these five distinctly different LVF forms. The interspecific distribution of the LVF varies from examples such as the gazelle Gazella spekei, where the LVF occurs only in the thoracic region, to others such as the Siberian musk deer Moschus berezovski, where the LVF is predominant only in the lumbar region. Others, such as the Bos (cows), have large LVF along most of both the thoracic and lumbar regions of the vertebral column. Some did not have any form of LVF, such as the Giraffidae (giraffes) and Cetacea (whales). No LVF were found in 15 species representing nine families of the outgroup Carnivora, thus the LVF appears to be a characteristic specific to the artiodactyls and perissodactyls.
Spectroscopic detection of brain propylene glycol in neonates: Effects of different pharmaceutical formulations of phenobarbital
Authors: Pouwels Petra J.W. , van de Lagemaat Monique , van de Pol Laura A. , Witjes Bregje C.M. , Zonnenberg Inge A. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe first choice for treatment of neonatal convulsions is intravenous phenobarbital, which contains propylene glycol (PG) as a solvent. Although PG is generally considered safe, the dosage can exceed safety thresholds in neonates. High PG levels can cause lactic acidosis.Purpose/HypothesisTo investigate a relationship between brain PG concentration and medication administered to neonates, and to study if a correlation between spectroscopically detected PG and lactate was present.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationForty‐one neonates who underwent MRI/MRS.Field Strength/SequenceShort echo time single voxel MRS at 1.5T.AssessmentSpectra were quantified. Concentrations of PG were correlated with medication administered, because intravenously administered phenobarbital solutions contained 10, 25, or 50 mg phenobarbital per ml, all containing 350 mg PG per ml. The interval between medication and MRI/MRS was determined.Statistical TestsChi‐square test, Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test and Spearman correlation.ResultsEighteen neonates had brain PG >1 mM (median 3.4 mM, maximum 9.5 mM). All 18 neonates with high brain PG and 14 neonates with low brain PG (<1 mM) received phenobarbital as the only source of PG. Nine neonates did not receive any phenobarbital/PG‐containing medication. Neonates with high brain PG more often received 10 mg/ml phenobarbital, resulting in higher PG dose (high vs. low brain PG (median [interquartile range]: 1400 [595] vs. 350 [595] mg/kg, respectively, P < 0.01). In addition, the interval between the last phenobarbital dose and MRI was shorter in the high brain PG group (high vs. low brain PG: 16 [21] vs. 95 [83] hours, respectively, P < 0.001). Within neonates that received phenobarbital, there was no conclusive correlation between spectroscopically detected PG and lactate (Spearman's rho = 0.23, P = 0.10).Data ConclusionThese MRS findings may increase awareness of potentially toxic PG concentrations in the neonatal brain due to intravenous phenobarbital administration and its dependence on the phenobarbital formulation used.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1062–1068.
Effect of carob variety and roasting on the antioxidant capacity, and the phenolic and furanic contents of carob liquors
Authors: Rodríguez‐Solana Raquel , Salgado José M , Pérez‐Santín Efrén , Romano Anabela 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe production of the traditional carob liquor from Algarve (Portugal) depends on numerous factors such as carob processing, variety and maceration conditions. An experimental design with 36 runs was created to evaluate the effect of the roasting temperature, particle size, variety of carob and time of maceration on several parameters of carob liquors as gallic acid and total phenolic content, the furanic composition (furfural and 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural), browning index and in vitro antioxidant capacity.RESULTSThe results revealed that carob variety was the independent variable with the greatest effect on antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and gallic acid content. In particular, AIDA liquors presented the highest results, mainly those prepared with unroasted carob. Meanwhile, Galhosa and Mulata liquors showed the greatest concentrations when the carob pulp was roasted at 150 °C. The furanic composition and browning index were greatly influenced by the carob roasting degree.CONCLUSIONThe levels of the main toxic furanics present in carob liquors, furfural and 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural, suggest a safe consumption of these beverages even in samples of carobs with the maximum roasting degree. The smallest carob particle size favoured the highest phenolic extraction, while the longest maceration periods decreased the concentration of the toxic furanic compounds studied. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Rice malting optimization for the production of top‐fermented gluten‐free beer
Authors: Ceccaroni Dayana , Marconi Ombretta , Sileoni Valeria , Wray Edward , Perretti Giuseppe 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDA safe method to obtain gluten‐free beer led to the use of naturally gluten‐free grains, such as rice, but the specific malting program for rice is long and requires a large amount of water, and the resulting beer showed a flat flavour profile. In this study, an optimization of the malting and brewing procedure is proposed to overcome the aforementioned issues. Different steeping conditions and kilning temperatures are considered, and a top‐fermented beverage from rice malt is obtained for the first time.RESULTSThe malting procedure has been optimized by assessing the use of short‐time steeping as an alternate to long air rest to obtain sufficient moisture content in the green malt, saving water consumption. The malt obtained allowed a regular fermentation, as confirmed by the sensorial analysis, which did not reveal any off‐flavours. The use of a top‐fermenting yeast formed high content of higher alcohol and relatively low amount of esters.CONCLUSIONThis study confirms the potential of rice for the production of malt and beer. The optimized malting programme allowed water saving. The production of a top‐fermented rice malt beer was a successful attempt to introduce a new flavoured product for consumption by individuals affected by coeliac disease. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Diversity of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from pigs in a French slaughterhouse over 2 years
Authors: Raymond Pierre , Houard Emmanuelle , Denis Martine , Esnault Emilie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe pig is one of the main reservoirs of Yersinia enterocolitica strains pathogenic to humans. A description of the Y. enterocolitica population in this reservoir, and accurate discriminatory techniques for typing isolates are needed for prevention, outbreak investigation, and surveillance. This study investigates the genetic diversity of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica isolates obtained from pig tonsils in a French pig slaughterhouse in 2009 (S1) and 2010 (S2). The use of Pulsed‐Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and MLVA as typing techniques was also compared and evaluated. First, a total of 167 isolates (12 of biotype 3 recovered during S1, and 155 of biotype 4 recovered during S1 and S2) were typed by PFGE using the XbaI enzyme. MLVA was then tested on all the biotype 3 isolates in addition to 70 selected biotype 4 isolates recovered over the 2 years. PFGE generated two specific XbaI‐PFGE profiles for biotype 3 isolates. Nine XbaI profiles were obtained for biotype 4, with a higher diversity (ID = 0.599) than biotype 3 (ID = 0.167). Two out of the nine XbaI profiles were reported during both surveys and at different months. MLVA improved the differentiation between isolates; the index of diversity reached 0.621 and 0.958, respectively, for biotype 3 (three MLVA types) and biotype 4 (32 MLVA types). The MLVA types for biotype 4 differed over the two surveys, but some isolates with different MLVA types were genetically closely related. This study provides an initial evaluation of the genetic diversity of Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from pigs in France. We show that some PFGE profiles are maintained in the pig production sector, and, through MLVA, that part of the Y. enterocolitica population remained genetically close over the two years. MLVA proved its effectiveness as a tool for investigating pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from pigs.
Novel insights into in‐vivo diffusion tensor cardiovascular magnetic resonance using computational modelling and a histology‐based virtual microstructure
Authors: Rose Jan N. , Nielles‐Vallespin Sonia , Ferreira Pedro F. , Firmin David N. , Scott Andrew D. , Doorly Denis J. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeTo develop histology‐informed simulations of diffusion tensor cardiovascular magnetic resonance (DT‐CMR) for typical in‐vivo pulse sequences and determine their sensitivity to changes in extra‐cellular space (ECS) and other microstructural parameters.MethodsWe synthesised the DT‐CMR signal from Monte Carlo random walk simulations. The virtual tissue was based on porcine histology. The cells were thickened and then shrunk to modify ECS. We also created idealised geometries using cuboids in regular arrangement, matching the extra‐cellular volume fraction (ECV) of 16–40%. The simulated voxel size was 2.8 × 2.8 × 8.0 mm3 for pulse sequences covering short and long diffusion times: Stejskal–Tanner pulsed‐gradient spin echo, second‐order motion‐compensated spin echo, and stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM), with clinically available gradient strengths.ResultsThe primary diffusion tensor eigenvalue increases linearly with ECV at a similar rate for all simulated geometries. Mean diffusivity (MD) varies linearly, too, but is higher for the substrates with more uniformly distributed ECS. Fractional anisotropy (FA) for the histology‐based geometry is higher than the idealised geometry with low sensitivity to ECV, except for the long mixing time of the STEAM sequence. Varying the intra‐cellular diffusivity (DIC) results in large changes of MD and FA. Varying extra‐cellular diffusivity or using stronger gradients has minor effects on FA. Uncertainties of the primary eigenvector orientation are reduced using STEAM.ConclusionsWe found that the distribution of ECS has a measurable impact on DT‐CMR parameters. The observed sensitivity of MD and FA to ECV and DIC has potentially interesting applications for interpreting in‐vivo DT‐CMR parameters.