bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical, biochemical, and molecular overview of transaldolase deficiency and evaluation of the endocrine function: Update of 34 patients
Authors: Williams Monique , Valayannopoulos Vassili , Altassan Ruqaiah , Chung Wendy K. , Heijboer Annemieke C. , Keng Wei Teik , Lapatto Risto , McClean Patricia , Mulder Margot F. , Tylki‐Szymańska Anna , Walenkamp Marie‐Jose E. , Alfadhel Majid , Alakeel Hajar , Salomons Gajja S. , Eyaid Wafaa , Wamelink Mirjam M. C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundTransaldolase deficiency (TALDO‐D) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of the pentose phosphate pathway. Since its first description in 2001, several case reports have been published, but there has been no comprehensive overview of phenotype, genotype, and phenotype–genotype correlation.MethodsWe performed a retrospective questionnaire and literature study of clinical, biochemical, and molecular data of 34 patients from 25 families with proven TALDO‐D. In some patients, endocrine abnormalities have been found. To further evaluate these abnormalities, we performed biochemical investigations on blood of 14 patients.Results and conclusionsMost patients (n = 22) had an early‐onset presentation (prenatally or before 1 month of age); 12 patients had a late‐onset presentation (3 months to 9 years). Main presenting symptoms were intrauterine growth restriction, dysmorphic facial features, congenital heart disease, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hepato(spleno)megaly. An older sib of two affected patients was asymptomatic until the age of 9 years, and only after molecular diagnosis was hepatomegaly noted. In some patients, there was gonadal dysfunction with low levels of testosterone and secondary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) abnormalities later in life. This overview provides information that can be helpful for managing patients and counseling families regarding prognosis. Diagnostic guidelines, possible genotype–phenotype correlations, treatment options, and pathophysiological disease mechanisms are proposed.
Commemoration of Comparative Cardiac Anatomy of the Reptilia I‐IV
Authors: Jensen Bjarke 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOur understanding of the anatomy of hearts of ectothermic saurosids, or colloquially “reptiles”, was much advanced by the publication of the series of four papers under the heading of Comparative Cardiac Anatomy of the Reptilia in Journal of Morphology between 1971 and 1981. Here, I commemorate the papers, show how they moved our understanding forwards, and briefly describe the state‐of‐the‐art.
PEP uP (Enhanced Protein‐Energy Provision via the Enteral Route Feeding Protocol) in Surgical Patients—A Multicenter Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yeh D. Dante , Ortiz Luis Alfonso , Lee Jae Moo , Chan Jeffrey , McKenzie Katherine , Young Brian , Chetelat Lindsay , Collier Bryan , Benson Andrew , Heyland Daren K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Enhanced Protein‐Energy Provision via the Enteral Route Feeding Protocol (PEP uP) has been shown to be feasible, safe, and effective in delivering significantly more energy/protein, though it has not been well studied in surgical/trauma patients. We hypothesized that PEP uP will effectively increase energy/protein delivery to critically ill surgical/trauma patients.MethodsThis multicenter, prospective, randomized pilot study included adult patients admitted to surgical service who were expected to require mechanical ventilation for >24 hours and intensive care unit (ICU) care for >72 hours. Subjects were randomized to PEP uP or standard care. The PEP uP protocol includes initiation at goal rate, semi‐elemental formula, prophylactic prokinetic agents, 24‐hour volume‐based goals, and modular protein supplementation. The primary outcome was nutrition adequacy over the first 12 ICU days.ResultsThirty‐six subjects were enrolled. Slow recruitment resulted in early trial termination by the sponsor. There were no baseline differences between groups. PEP uP patients received more protein (106.8 ± 37.0 vs 78.5 ± 30.3 g/d, P = 0.02). Energy delivery was not significantly different (1400.0 ± 409.5 vs 1237.9 ± 459.1 kcal, P = 0.25). Vomiting was more common in the PEP uP patients (32% vs 12%, P = 0.03). PEP uP protocol violations included 2 patients (15.4%) not receiving pro‐motility medications, 3 (23.1%) not receiving volume‐based feeds as ordered, and 4 (30.8%) not receiving supplemental protein.ConclusionsIn surgical/trauma patients, PEPuP seemed to improve protein delivery but was difficult to implement successfully and may increase vomiting rates.
On‐site sampling of inorganic contamination on the metal surface and analysis with capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Xu Ning , Lin Haifeng , Uchiyama Katsumi , Lin Jin‐Ming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPipes are the primary structural elements used for transporting fluid in various industries. The most common damage mechanism is corrosion, which occurs in pipes surface of turbine. The corrosive compounds for pipes are inorganic ion (Na+, Cl−, NH4+, NO3−, etc.) and grinding oil. For rapid and quantitative detection of inorganic ions on site, more reliable and reproducible analytical methods are demanded. A highly efficient solid–liquid sampling collection system is introduced in this work. Papering on the sample surface, inorganic cations and anions were simultaneously collected and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis with indirect ultraviolet detection. As a result, five cations (Na+, K+, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+) and three anions (Cl−, NO3−, SO42−) were completely separated. The efficiency of the sampling and ability of capillary electrophoresis analysis were presented by the determination of trace‐level (mg/m2) contaminants. The recoveries of cations and anions on the paper from metal surface were between 86.6 and 107.2%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 12.85%.
Assessment of potential land degradation and recommendations for management in the south subtropical region, Southwest China
Authors: Han Wangya , Liu Guohua , Su Xukun , Wu Xing , Chen Li 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLand degradation is a global environmental problem that has received a great deal of attention. Moreover, the current methods used to evaluate land degradation concentrate mostly on point and management levels, while information at the regional scale is lacking. This study aimed to assess potential land degradation at a regional scale by adapting the Mediterranean desertification and land use approach for a subtropical region with a geographic information system (GIS), developing a degradation assessment model that recognizes environmentally sensitive areas and analyzing potential land degradation for natural and anthropogenic factors. The selected indicators included vegetation, soil, climate, and human pressure, and these four indicators contained 15 indices that were input by layers from GIS data. The results showed that 89.32% of the study area was affected by land degradation, with more than half of this region in the moderate risk class for land degradation. At the city scale, Nanning had the largest percentage of land in the critical class, followed by the cities of Chongzuo and Qinzhou. Climate and human pressure were the predominant indicators, with the highest mean scores of 1.46 and 1.45, respectively. This study offers significant information for decision makers evaluating potential land degradation. The goal of land management is to solve conflicts between humans and land, and management measures consider local conditions. The assessment model provides a basis for effective management measures and decision making for land degradation prevention. Developing this approach is significant in terms of extending degradation assessment to a larger scale.
n‐3 Fatty Acids Abrogate Dyslipidemia‐Induced Changes in Bile Acid Uptake, Synthesis, and Transport in Young and Aged Dyslipidemic Rats
Authors: Acharya Pooja , Talahalli Ramaprasad R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this study, the effect of n‐3 fatty acids (FA) [α‐linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] on the intestinal bile acid (BA) uptake, hepatic BA synthesis, and enterohepatic bile acid transporters (BAT) was assessed in young and aged dyslipidemic rats. Dyslipidemia was induced in young and aged rats by feeding a high‐fat (HF) diet. Experimental groups received diets containing canola oil (HF + CNO) and fish oil (HF + FO) as a source of ALA and EPA + DHA, respectively. After 60 days of feeding, intestinal BA uptake and expression of apical sodium‐dependent bile acid transporter (Asbt), organic solute transporter‐alpha/beta (Osta/b) messenger RNA (mRNA), and hepatic expression of Na+ taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (Ntcp), bile salt export pump (Bsep), cholesterol 7‐α hydroxylase A1 (Cyp7a1), Farnesoid X receptor (Fxr), small heterodimer partner‐1 (Shp), liver receptor homolog‐1 (Lrh‐1), and hepatic nuclear factor‐4 alpha (Hnf4a) mRNA were measured. Hepatic 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase activity and total BA in serum, liver, and feces were assessed. The dyslipidemic HF group had: (1) increased intestinal BA uptake and Asbt and Osta/b mRNA expression, (2) increased BA in serum, (3) decreased hepatic expression of Ntcp, Bsep, and Cyp7a1 mRNA, (4) increased activity of HMG‐CoA reductase, (5) increased hepatic expression of Fxr and Shp mRNA, (6) decreased hepatic expression of Lrh‐1 and Hnf4a mRNA, and (7) decreased BA in feces, when compared to control, HF + CNO, and HF + FO groups. Immunostaining revealed increased expression of intestinal Asbt and hepatic Ntcp protein in the HF group when compared to control, HF + CNO, and HF + FO groups. n‐3 FA abrogated dyslipidemia‐induced changes in the intestinal uptake, hepatic synthesis, and enterohepatic transporters of BA in both young and aged rats. EPA + DHA was more effective than ALA in modulating dyslipidemia‐induced changes.
Both Dietary Fatty Acids and Those Present in the Cecotrophs Contribute to the Distinctive Chemical Characteristics of New Zealand Rabbit Milk Fat
Authors: Betancourt López Claudia A. , Bernal Santos María G. , Vázquez Landaverde Pedro A. , Bauman Dale E. , Harvatine Kevin J. , Srigley Cynthia T. , Becerra Becerra Juan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe relationship between the fatty acid (FA) profile of cecotrophs and that of the milk fat was evaluated in nine multiparous New Zealand does during the first 12 days of lactation. Milk samples were obtained manually on days 6, 8, 10, and 12 postpartum and cecotrophs and feces were collected on days 7, 9, and 11 postpartum. The FA profiles of feed, milk, cecotrophs, and feces were determined using gas chromatography. The principal FA found in rabbits’ milk were 8:0, 10:0, 16:0, 18:1 cis‐9, and 18:2 n‐6. Bacteria‐derived FA found in the milk fat included branched FA from 14 to 16 carbons, and 18:1 trans. Two isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were also present, namely cis‐9,trans‐11 (0.09 ± 0.006 mol%) and trans‐10,cis‐12 (0.06 ± 0.01 mol%). The content of total FA in the cecotrophs was the 1.10 ± 0.08 mg/100 mg freeze‐dried sample, with 2.50 ± 0.83 mol% 18:1 trans‐11. Significant correlations between cecotroph and milk FA profiles were found for numerous FA, and those with correlation coefficients greater than 0.90 were 12:0, 14:0, 15:0, 16:0, 18:0, 18:1 trans‐6/8, 18:1 trans‐9, 18:1 cis‐9, 18:2 n‐6, 18:3 n‐3, 20:1 cis‐9, 20:2 n‐6, and 22:0. Cecum biohydrogenation processes were evident based on the greater content of saturated FA (p = 0.008) found (54.46 ± 4.37 mol%) in the cecotrophs relative to that in feces (43.08 ± 4.37 mol%). Under conditions of the present study, the milk FA profile was influenced by the FA profile of diet and the cecotrophs consumed by lactating does.
Coupled effect of substrate and light on assimilation and oxidation of regenerated nitrogen in the euphotic ocean
Authors: Xu Min Nina , Li Xiaolin , Shi Dalin , Zhang Yao , Dai Minhan , Huang Tao , Glibert Patricia M. , Kao Shuh‐Ji 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNitrogen (N), as a critical element for microbial metabolisms, recycles rapidly in the euphotic ocean. Oxidation by nitrifiers is a competing pathway for phytoplankton assimilation of regenerated N (NH4+ and urea). Sharing the overlapping substrates may result in competitive exclusion, thus, niche separation for the two assemblages. Both pathways are sensitive to light, but whether light intensity will intensify or alleviate such resource competition in the euphotic zone remains poorly explored in the field at the community level. By using 15N labeling techniques, paired kinetic responses of uptake and oxidation were conducted in single bottles under manipulated light intensities for both NH4+ and urea. We found light stimulated the maximum rate (Rm) and specific affinities (αU) of both NH4+ and urea uptake. In contrast, light effects were opposite for oxidation kinetics (Rm and αO). As irradiance increased, the rapid increase in αU and concomitant decrease in αO imply a distinctive competition advantage of photosynthetic organisms over oxidizers under substrate‐limited environments. The ratio of αU/αO for NH4+ ranged from 0.8 to 3089 (5.8–46,788 for urea) showing a distinct increasing pattern as ambient light increases, demonstrating that phytoplankton overwhelms nitrifiers throughout the oligotrophic euphotic zone, driving down concentrations and maintaining short turnover times of the two regenerated N substrates. Moreover, phytoplankton relied equally on NH4+ and urea; yet, nitrifiers preferred NH4+ to urea. In the nitrate‐depleted euphotic ocean, light acts as a crucial driver for utilization pathways of regenerated N and vertical niche separation.
Biases in lake water quality sampling and implications for macroscale research
Authors: Stanley Emily H. , Collins Sarah M. , Lottig Noah R. , Oliver Samantha K. , Webster Katherine E. , Cheruvelil Kendra S. , Soranno Patricia A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGrowth of macroscale limnological research has been accompanied by an increase in secondary datasets compiled from multiple sources. We examined patterns of data availability in LAGOS‐NE, a dataset derived from 87 sources, to identify biases in availability of lake water quality data and to consider how such biases might affect perceived patterns at a subcontinental scale. Of eight common water quality parameters, variables indicative of trophic state (Secchi, chlorophyll, and total P) were most abundant in terms of total observations, lakes sampled, and long‐term records, whereas carbon variables (true color and dissolved organic carbon) were scarcest. Most data were collected during summer from larger (≥ 20 ha) lakes over 1–3 yr. Approximately 80% of data for each variable is derived from ~ 20% of sampled lakes. Long‐term (≥ 20 yr) records were rare and spatially clustered. Data availability is linked to major management challenges (eutrophication and acid rain), citizen science, and a few programs that quantify C and N variables. Resampling exercises suggested that correcting for the surface area sampling bias did not substantially change statistical distributions of the eight variables. Further, estimating a lake's long‐term median Secchi, chlorophyll, and total P using average record lengths had high uncertainty, but modest increases in sample size to > 5 yr yielded estimates with manageable error. Although the specific nature of sampling biases may vary among regions, we expect that they are widespread. Thus, large integrated datasets can and should be used to identify tendencies in how lakes are studied and to address these biases as part broad‐scale limnological investigations.
High Burden of Subclinical Cardiovascular Target Organ Damage After Pediatric Liver Transplantation
Authors: Memaran Nima , Borchert‐Mörlins Bianca , Schmidt Bernhard M. W. , Sugianto Rizky I. , Wilke Hannes , Blöte Ricarda , Baumann Ulrich , Bauer Elena , von Wick Anika , Junge Norman , Leiskau Christoph , Pfister Eva D. , Thurn‐Valsassina Daniela , Richter Nicolas , Goldschmidt Imeke , Melk Anette 
Published: February 2019

Cardiovascular (CV) events account for 8%‐13% of deaths after liver transplantation (LT) in adulthood. Although CV risk factors (RFs) are present, little is known about the prevalence of subclinical CV target organ damage (TOD) in children after LT. The aim of this prospective observational study was to assess the prevalence of subclinical CV TOD in children after LT and to identify RFs contributing to CV damage as potential targets for clinical intervention. In this study, 104 children after LT (54% female, 46% male; aged 11.5 ± 3.8 years) underwent cross‐sectional assessment of subclinical TOD by carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Results were correlated with the presence of CV RFs (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, renal impairment, anemia, and microinflammation). Of the patients, 22% were exposed to 2 CV RFs, and 36% displayed 3 or more CV RFs. Pathological results for PWV, IMT, and LVMI were found in 21.9%, 57.0%, and 11.1% of patients, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.01) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; P = 0.03) were independently associated with PWV, eGFR (P = 0.005), and age at LT (P = 0.048) with IMT and body mass index with LVMI (P = 0.004). In conclusion, patients after pediatric LT carry a substantial burden of subclinical CV TOD. Identification of modifiable CV RFs opens opportunities for targeted intervention in order to reduce CV morbidity and mortality in the future.
Flaw‐Insensitive Hydrogels under Static and Cyclic Loads
Authors: Bai Ruobing , Yang Jiawei , Morelle Xavier P. , Suo Zhigang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNew applications of hydrogels draw growing attention to the development of tough hydrogels. Most tough hydrogels are designed through incorporating large energy dissipation from breaking sacrificial bonds. However, these hydrogels still fracture under prolonged cyclic loads with the presence of even small flaws. This paper presents a principle of flaw‐insensitive hydrogels under both static and cyclic loads. The design aligns the polymer chains in a hydrogel at the molecular level to deflect a crack. To demonstrate this principle, a hydrogel of polyacrylamide and polyvinyl alcohol is prepared with aligned crystalline domains. When the hydrogel is stretched in the direction of alignment, an initial flaw deflects, propagates along the loading direction, peels off the material, and leaves the hydrogel flawless again. The hydrogel is insensitive to pre‐existing flaws, even under more than ten thousand loading cycles. The critical degree of anisotropy to achieve crack deflection is quantified by experiments and fracture mechanics. The principle can be generalized to other hydrogel systems.
The Economic Impacts of Humpback Whale Depredation on Hatchery-Released Juvenile Pacific Salmon in Southeast Alaska
Authors: Chenoweth Ellen M. , Criddle Keith R. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine whether humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae depredation on hatchery-released juvenile salmon is affecting the economic productivity of hatcheries in Southeast Alaska. From 2010 to 2015, observers monitored five release sites in Chatham Strait, Alaska. Humpback whales were present at the release of 23 of 54 salmon cohorts (defined by release year, species, site, and release strategy). A linear regression model was used to determine whether humpback whale presence at a cohort release affected the proportion of that cohort that survived to harvest. The model included covariates related to management and environmental conditions. The lost fishing revenue for each cohort was determined using the model-predicted marine survival with and without humpback whales and the average commercial value of the adult salmon. Marine survival of Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch was significantly lower for cohorts with humpback whale depredation, resulting in an estimated US$1 million of lost revenue per year (95% confidence interval = $747,500–1,205,000) associated with whale depredation (23% of observed ex-vessel fishing revenue from these Coho Salmon cohorts). No significant effect was observed for depredation losses to releases of Chum Salmon O. keta or Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha, which tended to have low marine survival even in years of no observed whale depredation, possibly due to compensatory depredation from other sources. Despite Chum Salmon having the highest rates of whale depredation, there is no evidence to suggest that preventing humpback whale depredation alone would be sufficient to increase marine survival and fishing revenue for that species, although it may be necessary in concert with other measures.
Quantifying Nursery Habitat Function: Variation in Habitat Suitability Linked to Mortality and Growth for Juvenile Black Drum in a Hypersaline Estuary
Authors: Olsen Zachary 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The Black Drum Pogonias cromis population in the Upper Laguna Madre (ULM), Texas, USA, is known to exhibit regionally unique population dynamics and life history strategies in comparison with other populations. I examined regional variation in nursery habitat suitability for Black Drum on the Texas coast and further identified functionality of habitat variables in the ULM as it is related to the unique population dynamics observed in this bay system. Rank and relative importance of habitat variables for Black Drum in other regions of the Texas coast were found to differ from those for the ULM population. Furthermore, directionality of salinity and inlet distance differed in the ULM, indicating that increased recruitment in this system was tied to salinities greater than 40‰ and areas at the greatest distance from Gulf of Mexico inlets (i.e., Baffin Bay). Peak mortality and growth rates were found to occur at approximately the same mean salinity value (33‰), with decreases in both as salinity increased. Temperature and dissolved oxygen also exhibited quantifiable relationships with vital rates, although the salinity relationships were most striking. The relationship between growth, mortality, and CPUE suggested that observed recruitment of Black Drum in the ULM is a complex interaction between suitable habitat (hydrographic variables) and density dependence. The identification of regional variation in habitat relationships and the quantification of habitat functionality are crucial steps in interpreting population dynamics and formally incorporating such metrics into stock assessment. This movement from concept to quantification is key to making habitat protection and restoration a true priority in the fisheries management realm.