bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemodialysis without anticoagulation: Less clotting in conventional hemodialysis than in predilution hemodiafiltration
Authors: Krummel Thierry , Cellot Etienne , Thiery Alicia , De Geyer Géraldine , Keller Nicolas , Hannedouche Thierry 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionHemodialysis patients with contraindication to systemic anticoagulation require a heparin‐free hemodialysis technique. Among several alternatives to heparin, predilution hemodiafiltration (HDF) is often used, albeit without any confirmation of its effectiveness.MethodsPatients hospitalized in a nephrology ICU and hemodialysed for stage 5 CKD or AKI and with contraindication to systemic anticoagulation were randomized to either standard HD with a polysulfone membrane, or to predilution HDF with the same membrane. Coagulation activation was evaluated clinically by the need for premature termination and by the measurement of D‐dimers.FindingsTwo hundred dialysis sessions were performed in 155 patients. Survival curves showed better circuit survival in HD (P = 0.046). In HD, 12% of sessions were interrupted for coagulation versus 23% in predilution HDF (P = 0.04).DiscussionPredilution HDF was associated with more premature clotting than conventional HD without improvement in dialysis duration or performance epuration indices. When aiming for a 4‐hour duration session, conventional heparin‐free hemodialysis can be safely proposed in most patients with high bleeding risk.
Current status of countermeasures for infectious diseases and resistant microbes in the field of urology
Authors: Kitano Hiroyuki , Teishima Jun , Shigemura Katsumi , Ohge Hiroki , Fujisawa Masato , Matsubara Akio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA worldwide increase in antimicrobial‐resistant microbes due to the improper use of antimicrobial agents, along with a lack of progress in developing new antimicrobials, is becoming a societal problem. Although carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae, which are resistant to carbapenem antimicrobials, first appeared in 1993, treatment options remain limited. Mechanisms behind antimicrobial resistance involve changes to microbial outer membranes, drug efflux pump abnormalities, β‐lactamase production and the creation of biofilms around cell bodies. Genetic information related to these forms of antimicrobial resistance exists on chromosomes and plasmids, and when located on the latter can easily be transmitted to other strains, no matter the species, which creates a risk of antimicrobial resistance spreading exceptionally rapidly. To prevent the spread of antimicrobial resistance, the World Health Organization in 2015 published an action plan on antimicrobial resistance, based on which World Health Organization member countries have laid out specific policies and targets. Urinary tract infections are a type of healthcare‐associated infection, and the sexually transmitted disease pathogen, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, has been included in a list of microbes that pose a risk to human health published by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Urologists face numerous problems when attempting to use antimicrobials properly, which is one method of dealing with antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, this article describes the current state of resistant microbes associated with urinary tract infections and countermeasures for antimicrobial resistance, including new antimicrobials.
Can policy deviance reduce poverty? A critical analysis of self‐return migration in Cameroon
Authors: Balgah Roland Azibo , Kimengsi Jude Ndzifon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe general focus of policy is to achieve pre‐designed goals considered by policy‐makers to be of interest to societies or targeted groups. Policy research has, therefore, witnessed a significant tilt towards improving scientific knowledge and understanding policy enactment processes, and the extent to which they achieve desired goals. Policy deviance – the tendency for members of society to ignore or disrespect laid‐down policy guidelines – has often been considered a crucial determinant for poor policy outcomes. However, the benefits of policy deviance, and the conditions under which societal groups register such benefits currently account for only a negligible number of studies. This article reduces this existing knowledge gap by examining the nexus between policy deviance and poverty reduction, based on a case study of deviant migrant households who relocated to settle around the Lake Nyos area in Cameroon. The empirical analysis through a livelihoods lens revealed a positive relationship between deviance and poverty reduction. The conclusion suggests that not all policy deviance situations lead to negative outcomes. It emphasises the need for a constant analysis of the policy outcome nexus, as opposed to the assumption that deviance leads to negative outcomes. Further research is needed to ground this contention.
Design of carbonated r‐MgO‐PC binder system: Effect of r‐MgO replacement level and water‐to‐binder ratio
Authors: Zhang Runxiao , Panesar Daman K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of reactive MgO (r‐MgO) replacement levels and water‐to‐binder (w/b) ratios on the compressive strength, carbonation front, and pore structure of mortars with r‐MgO and Portland cement (r‐MgO‐PC) as binder. The experimental results reveal that an increase in the w/b ratio decreases the carbonation degree for mortars with 20% r‐MgO, but increases the carbonation degree for mortars with 60% r‐MgO. The r‐MgO replacement level together with the w/b ratio and carbonation degree impacts the type and quantity of the carbonation products, namely Mg‐calcite, nesquehonite and the hydrated amorphous Mg carbonate, which affects the pore structure and compressive strength of the matrix. The maximum strength for mortars with 20% r‐MgO occurs at the lowest w/b ratio (0.45), while the maximum strength for mortars with 60% r‐MgO occurs at the intermediate w/b ratio (0.65). A design of r‐MgO replacement level, w/b ratio in conjunction with the drying and carbonation curing regimes is needed for further advancement and application r‐MgO‐PC system.
Liquid and amorphous states of boron subarsenide
Authors: Durandurdu Murat 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAb initio molecular dynamics simulations are executed to probe the short‐range order and the electrical features of the liquid and amorphous boron subarsenide (B12As2). A drastic volume swelling of ~40% is witnessed for the liquid state, relative to the crystal. The density of the melt is found to be close to that of liquid boron. As the temperature applied is gradually decreased, the volume progressively decreases and a glass‐transition zone at around 1400 K is observed. About 14% volume expansion is perceived for the amorphous phase. Due to the drastic density (volume) difference between the liquid and amorphous forms, their atomic structure is found to be different from each other. In the liquid phase at 2500 K, the mean coordination number (CN) of B and As atoms is 4.4 and 2.5, correspondingly. During the solidification process, both average CNs steadily increase and reach values of 5.5 (B‐atom) and 4.14 (As‐atom) at 300 K. The pentagonal pyramid‐like motifs barely survive at 2500 K but during the quenching process they develop progressively and some of which lead to the formation of B12 clusters. In the amorphous state, the chain‐like and A7‐like As‐As clusters are observed. Nonetheless, the noncrystalline state is proposed to be partially similar to the crystalline structure. The liquid state shows a metallic character while the amorphous form presents a semiconducting nature having an energy band gap much smaller than that of the crystalline phase.
Spotting the pests of tomorrow—Sampling designs for detection of species associations with woody plants
Authors: Eschen René , De Groot Maarten , Glavendekić Milka , Lacković Nikola , Matosević Dinka , Morales‐Rodriguez Carmen , O Hanlon Richard , Oskay Funda , Papazova Irena , Prospero Simone , Franić Iva 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimEarly warning against potentially harmful organisms of woody plant species can be achieved by sampling sentinel plants in exporting countries. However, it is unclear where sentinel plants can best be located, and how many samples are required and when and how often sampling optimally should take place for the adequate assessment of the biodiversity associated with the target plant species. We aimed to review spatial and temporal factors affecting associate biodiversity of single woody plant species and to develop guidance for the design of global biodiversity sampling studies.LocationWorldwide.TaxonInsects and Fungi.MethodsLiterature about factors affecting the diversity of insects and fungi in association with single plant species on global, regional, local and different temporal scales was reviewed. Case studies of insect and fungal diversity, primarily collected on single plant species, and the cost of collecting and analysing samples from locations around the world were analysed.ResultsThe review of the literature illustrated various factors affecting diversity, and the case studies allowed quantification of the relative impact of some spatial, temporal and financial aspects on captured biodiversity and, thus, illustrate the need to consider all possible factors that may affect the result of the sampling when deciding on a sampling design.Main conclusionsOur study illustrates the factors that should be considered when deciding on the location and timing of sampling for sentinel plants, which is important because of the trade‐off between the number of samples and sampling locations needed to detect many of the species which may be potential pests, and the cost of (repeated) sampling in many locations. Decisions about the sampling design must be based on the objective of the sampling, but our recommendations apply irrespective of the targeted plant species or country.
The Experience and Motivations of Midwives of Color in Minnesota: Nothing for Us Without Us
Authors: Almanza Jennifer , Karbeah J'Mag , Kozhimannil Katy B. , Hardeman Rachel 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionRacial disparities in birth outcomes originate with a confluence of factors including social determinants of health, toxic stress, structural racism, and barriers to engaging, high‐quality perinatal care. Historically and currently, midwives are disproportionately white, and attention to the racial and ethnic diversity of midwives is an increasing focus in birth equity efforts. This qualitative study helps fill the gap in literature by assessing the perspectives and motivations of midwives of color.
MethodsBuilding on concepts from critical race theory, semistructured interviews (30‐90 minutes long) were used to elicit an authentic voice from midwives of color, who primarily identified as African American. Participants (N = 7) were midwives who were affiliated with an African American‐owned birth center in north Minneapolis, Minnesota. Participants represented an estimated 58% of all midwives of color in the state of Minnesota. Emergent themes were identified using a grounded theory, inductive approach. Three rounds of coding were conducted, and key themes were identified and analyzed.ResultsThree primary themes emerged as motivations for midwives of color: 1) offering racially concordant care to the community, 2) racial justice as a primary motivation in their work, and 3) providing physically and emotionally safe care. Racially concordant care was identified both as a motivating factor and as a way of providing physically and emotionally safe care.DiscussionFindings suggest that midwives of color maintain a critical analysis of and commitment to eliminating racial perinatal inequities. Their motivation to provide racially concordant care elicits an urgency in current efforts to recruit and train more midwives of color, recognizing the current lack of racial and ethnic diversity in the field. Understanding how to support the work of equity‐minded midwives of color may help to improve access to racially concordant health care providers and care that better meets the unique needs of African American individuals.
Amniotic epithelial cells damage by oxidative stress in cases of diffuse chorioamniotic hemosiderosis
Authors: Iizuka Takashi , Ono Masanori , Masumoto Sakiko , Mitani Yusuke , Yamazaki Rena , Fujiwara Hiroshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe amniotic membrane plays an important role in the physiological maintenance and protection of the embryo. Indeed, dysfunction of the amniotic membrane is thought to have an adverse effect on the continuation of pregnancy. In this report, we examined the pathological changes in the amniotic epithelium in three cases of diffuse chorioamniotic hemosiderosis (DCH) and investigated the cause of necrosis of the amniotic epithelial cells and its relationship with oligohydramnios. Diffuse chorioamniotic hemosiderosis was confirmed in all three cases. More extensive amniotic epithelial necrosis led to more severe hemosiderosis. Immunostaining for 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative stress, was positive in the amniotic epithelial cells. We speculate that oxidative DNA damage of the amniotic epithelium occurs by decomposition products of blood cells in cases accompanying subchorionic hematomas and pathological DCH. Furthermore, disorder of the amniotic epithelium may disrupt the balance of the amniotic fluid volume and cause oligohydramnios.
What to look for during constant observations: Expert consensus and a tool for observations recording
Authors: Chu Simon , Lambert Katie , Baker Alison 
Published: August 2019

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Supportive observations is the practice of closely monitoring patients who are acutely unwell in order to keep them safe.

There are no formal guidelines for nursing staff on what to observe during observations.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

A consensus of expert opinion suggests that the clinically meaningful behaviours in supportive observations focus on six factors: agitation, self‐harm and suicide, violence, negative influence, disengagement and positive behaviour.

What are the implications for practice?

These aspects of patient presentation should be a part of the decision‐making discussions about observations. The Mersey Care Supportive Observations Recording Tool that emerged from this consensus may assist with recording the relevant information.

AbstractIntroductionSupportive observations are common in mental health care but there are no guidelines on best practice or what should be documented in observations records.AimTo develop expert consensus on the important aspects of patient presentation that inform clinical decision‐making about observations and to develop a recording tool from this consensus.MethodA Delphi methodology was used to consult an expert panel of mental health clinicians and academics to agree on what aspects of patient presentation during constant observations are important in informing clinical decisions. Thematic analysis was applied to the agreed item set to extract common aspects of presentation and behaviour.ResultsThe panel considered 118 individual items across three rounds of consultation and agreed that 51 items were important to clinical decisions about observations. Thematic analysis found six man themes: agitation, self‐harm and suicide, violence, negative influence, disengagement and positive behaviour. Subthemes were used to create the MerseyCare Supportive Observations Recording Tool (MSORT).DiscussionThese data represent the first expert consensus on the aspects of patient presentation that are important to clinical decisions.Implications for practiceConsensus items should be recorded in observations records and be considered in decision‐making about observations. The MSORT may aid observations recording.
Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells in periodontal regeneration: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Novello Solen , Debouche Alexandre , Philippe Marie , Naudet Florian , Jeanne Sylvie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the potential efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in periodontal regeneration in humans on the following main outcomes: clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), and gingival recession (GR).BackgroundThe clinical application of stem cells in periodontal regeneration has begun in recent years, but clinical practices are not yet standardized and no recommendations are available at this time.MethodsElectronic database searches and hand searches were conducted. All types of studies, case series, and case reports were qualitatively described. Double‐blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating MSCs in periodontal regeneration were included in a meta‐analysis if they compared administration of MSCs vs application of stem cell‐free therapy in the control group, in healthy patients with periodontal defects, with a minimum of three mo of follow‐up.ResultsFifteen reports were included in qualitative analysis, involving 123 patients and 158 periodontal defects. Only two small RCTs at high risk of bias, with a total of 59 patients and 70 periodontal defects, were included in the meta‐analysis. A small but significant difference between test and control groups was found for CAL at three mo (−0.90 mm, 95% CI [−1.51; −0.29]), but not for PD and GR.ConclusionLow‐quality evidence suggests that MSC‐based therapy may have a small impact on periodontal regeneration. However, due to the monocentric character, the small sample size, and potential heterogeneity across the two included RCTs, these results must not be considered as definitive. High‐quality RCTs are needed before any clinical use of MSCs in periodontal regeneration.
Diagnostic features, treatment, and outcome of dogs with inflammatory protein‐losing enteropathy
Authors: Salavati Schmitz Silke , Gow Adam , Bommer Nick , Morrison Linda , Mellanby Richard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundProtein‐losing enteropathy (PLE) because of chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) in dogs is often treated with a combination of glucocorticoids and second‐line immunosuppressant (SLI). This combined approach might not be necessary in all dogs.Hypothesis/objectivesTo describe diagnostic features and outcomes of dogs with PLE treated with glucocorticoids alone (group P) or with glucocorticoids and SLI (group S).AnimalsThirty‐one dogs with PLE.Material and methodsRetrospective analysis of signalment data from diagnostic procedures, treatment, and outcome of dogs with CIE/PLE (from 2015 to 2017), using the hospital's digital case database. Dogs with hypoalbuminemia and CIE were included. Because of a stepwise treatment algorithm, dogs were allocated to group P or S. Time to serum albumin concentrations ≥20 g/L and survival data were collected. Dogs were additionally categorized by their albumin and cobalamin serum concentrations. Multivariate and univariate analysis as well as Pearson's correlation and Kaplan‐Maier survival analysis were performed.ResultsSeventeen dogs were included in group P and 14 in group S. World Small Animal Veterinary Association score of the duodenum was different between groups (P = .05), but none of the other examined data. Median time until serum albumin reached >20 g/L was 13 days. Median survival time after start of treatment was 85 days (range, 13‐463 days) in group P and 166 days (range, 8‐390 days) in group S.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceNo routine diagnostic test was predictive of clinical response, treatment group, or outcome. Glucocorticoid treatment alone can be appropriate in dogs with PLE.
Videofluoroscopic swallow study features of lower esophageal sphincter achalasia‐like syndrome in dogs
Authors: Grobman Megan E. , Schachtel James , Gyawali C. Prakash , Lever Teresa E. , Reinero Carol R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundMegaesophagus (ME) carries a poor long‐term prognosis in dogs. In people, lower esophageal sphincter (LES) disorders causing functional obstruction are rare causes of ME that may respond to targeted treatment. Functional LES disorders are reported rarely in dogs because of challenges in diagnostic methodologies.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo identify dogs with videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) features of LES achalasia‐like syndrome (LES‐AS). We hypothesized that dogs with LES‐AS could be distinguished from normal dogs using standardized VFSS criteria.AnimalsDogs with LES‐AS by VFSS (n = 19), healthy normal dogs (n = 20).MethodsRetrospective study. One‐hundred thirty dogs presented to the University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center (MU‐VHC) between April 2015 and December 2017 for a free‐feeding VFSS; 20 healthy dogs were included as controls. Swallow studies were evaluated for failure of the LES to relax during pharyngeal swallow (LES‐AS). Affected dogs subsequently were evaluated using standardized criteria to identify metrics important for identifying and characterizing dogs with LES‐AS.ResultsNineteen dogs with LES‐AS were identified out of 130 VFSS. Megaesophagus was present in 14 of 19 (73.7%) dogs with LES‐AS. A baseline esophageal fluid‐line and “bird beak” were present in 68.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 47.5%‐89.3%) and 63.2% (95% CI, 41.5%‐84.8%) of affected dogs, respectively. The esophagus was graded as acontractile (8/19), hypomotile (8/19), or hypermotile (3/19).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDogs with LES‐AS may successfully be identified by VFSS using a free‐feeding protocol. These data are of critical clinical importance because a subpopulation of dogs with functional LES obstruction may be candidates for targeted intervention.
Combined interventional procedure and cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in a dog with cor triatriatum dexter, patent foramen ovale, and pulmonary stenosis
Authors: Marchesotti Federica , Rondelli Vincenzo , Pesaresi Marco , Nicoli Stefano , Vezzosi Tommaso , Auriemma Edoardo , Lanzillo Guido , Cuccio Andrea , Khouri Toufic , Dejong Annette , Domenech Oriol 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA 2‐year‐old American Pit Bull dog was presented for surgical evaluation of imperforate cor triatriatum dexter (CTD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO). Echocardiography identified an imperforate CTD associated with a right‐to‐left shunting PFO and valvular pulmonary stenosis. A 2‐step interventional and surgical approach was used. Initially, a pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty was performed, and subsequently the dog underwent a surgical correction of the atrial anomaly under cardiopulmonary bypass.