bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energetic Electron Injections Deep Into the Inner Magnetosphere: A Result of the Subauroral Polarization Stream (SAPS) Potential Drop
Authors: Lejosne Solène , Kunduri B. S. R. , Mozer F. S. , Turner D. L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIt has been reported that the dynamics of energetic (tens to hundreds of keV) electrons and ions is inconsistent with the theoretical picture in which the large‐scale electric field is a superposition of corotation and convection electric fields. Combining one year of measurements by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network, DMSP F‐18, and the Van Allen Probes, we show that subauroral polarization streams (SAPSs) are observed when energetic electrons have penetrated below L = 4. Outside the plasmasphere in the premidnight region, potential energy is subtracted from the total energy of ions and added to the total energy of electrons during SAPS onset. This potential energy is converted into radial motion as the energetic particles drift around Earth and leave the SAPS azimuthal sector. As a result, energetic electrons are injected deeper than energetic ions when SAPSs are included in the large‐scale electric field picture, in line with observations.
Seagrass Impact on Sediment Exchange Between Tidal Flats and Salt Marsh, and The Sediment Budget of Shallow Bays
Authors: Donatelli Carmine , Ganju Neil Kamal , Fagherazzi Sergio , Leonardi Nicoletta 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSeagrasses are marine flowering plants that strongly impact their physical and biological surroundings and are therefore frequently referred to as ecological engineers. The effect of seagrasses on coastal bay resilience and sediment transport dynamics is understudied. Here we use six historical maps of seagrass distribution in Barnegat Bay, USA, to investigate the role of these vegetated surfaces on the sediment storage capacity of shallow bays. Analyses are carried out by means of the Coupled‐Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Wave‐Sediment Transport (COAWST) numerical modeling framework. Results show that a decline in the extent of seagrass meadows reduces the sediment mass potentially stored within bay systems. The presence of seagrass reduces shear stress values across the entire bay, including unvegetated areas, and promotes sediment deposition on tidal flats. On the other hand, the presence of seagrasses decreases suspended sediment concentrations, which in turn reduces the delivery of sediment to marsh platforms. Results highlight the relevance of seagrasses for the long‐term survival of coastal ecosystems, and the complex dynamics regulating the interaction between subtidal and intertidal landscapes.
Moisture Supply From the Western Ghats Forests to Water Deficit East Coast of India
Authors: Paul Supantha , Ghosh Subimal , Rajendran K. , Murtugudde Raghu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe mountainous western coast of India, known as the Western Ghats, is considered to be a biodiversity hot spot, but it is under a constant threat due to human activities. The region is characterized by high orographic monsoon precipitation resulting in dense vegetation cover. Feedback of such a dense vegetation on the southwest monsoon rainfall is not yet explored. Here we perform regional climate simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting model and find that evapotranspiration from the vegetation of Western Ghats contributes 25–40% of the southwest monsoon rainfall over the water‐deficit state of Tamil Nadu. This contribution reaches 50% during deficit monsoon years or dry spells within a season. Our findings suggest that recent deforestation in this area will affect not only the biodiversity of the region but also the water availability over Peninsular India, which is already impacted by water scarcity.
Collisional Heating of Interstellar Helium Flux at 1 AU
Authors: Gruntman Mike 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBecause of relative motion of the local interstellar medium (LISM) with respect to the Sun, the interstellar wind, interstellar neutral helium atoms enter the heliosphere. Instruments on the Ulysses and Interstellar Boundary Explorer spacecraft measured directional dependencies of intensities, or sky maps, of helium atoms and determined the interstellar wind velocity vector and temperature. The article focuses on heretofore unaccounted for heating of inflowing interstellar helium by elastic collisions with the solar wind ions and its effect on the LISM temperature obtained from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer‐type measurement. The calculations show that inferred LISM temperatures appear 175–270 K hotter than the actual interstellar gas due to collisions.
Deoxyribozyme-nanosponges for improved photothermal therapy by overcoming thermoresistance
Authors: Jin Yi , Liang Linna , Sun Xiaojing , Yu Guangshun , Chen Shizhu , Shi Shutang , Liu Huifang , Li Zhenhua , Ge Kun , Liu Dandan , Yang Xinjian , Zhang Jinchao 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Thermoresistance shields cancer cells from damage by hyperthermia, decreasing the efficacy of photothermal therapy. Therefore, the design of photothermal therapeutic systems that avoid inducing thermoresistance is highly desirable for precision medicine. Herein, by simply assembling a cationic polymer and a long single strand of DNA encoded with multivalent deoxyribozyme (or DNAzyme) sequences, we have developed a sponge-like nanoplatform for highly efficient photothermal therapy that uses DNAzymes to overcome thermal resistance. The multivalent customized DNAzymes can catalytically cleave HSP70 mRNAs and downregulate the expression of their proteins, which protect MCF-7 cells from damage by hyperthermia. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the capability of this therapeutic platform to sensitize MCF-7 cells to heat by inhibiting the overexpression of HSP70. In addition, the nanoplatform can act as an efficient multimode imaging agent to trace its accumulation in tumor tissue.
Giant energy density and high efficiency achieved in bismuth ferrite-based film capacitors via domain engineering
Authors: Pan Hao , Ma Jing , Ma Ji , Zhang Qinghua , Liu Xiaozhi , Guan Bo , Gu Lin , Zhang Xin , Zhang Yu-Jun , Li Liangliang , Shen Yang , Lin Yuan-Hua , Nan Ce-Wen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDeveloping high-performance film dielectrics for capacitive energy storage has been a great challenge for modern electrical devices. Despite good results obtained in lead titanate-based dielectrics, lead-free alternatives are strongly desirable due to environmental concerns. Here we demonstrate that giant energy densities of ~70 J cm−3, together with high efficiency as well as excellent cycling and thermal stability, can be achieved in lead-free bismuth ferrite-strontium titanate solid-solution films through domain engineering. It is revealed that the incorporation of strontium titanate transforms the ferroelectric micro-domains of bismuth ferrite into highly-dynamic polar nano-regions, resulting in a ferroelectric to relaxor-ferroelectric transition with concurrently improved energy density and efficiency. Additionally, the introduction of strontium titanate greatly improves the electrical insulation and breakdown strength of the films by suppressing the formation of oxygen vacancies. This work opens up a feasible and propagable route, i.e., domain engineering, to systematically develop new lead-free dielectrics for energy storage.
Supramolecular Kandinsky circles with high antibacterial activity
Authors: Wang Heng , Qian Xiaomin , Wang Kun , Su Ma , Haoyang Wei-Wei , Jiang Xin , Brzozowski Robert , Wang Ming , Gao Xiang , Li Yiming , Xu Bingqian , Eswara Prahathees , Hao Xin-Qi , Gong Weitao , Hou Jun-Li , Cai Jianfeng , Li Xiaopeng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNested concentric structures widely exist in nature and designed systems with circles, polygons, polyhedra, and spheres sharing the same center or axis. It still remains challenging to construct discrete nested architecture at (supra)molecular level. Herein, three generations (G2−G4) of giant nested supramolecules, or Kandinsky circles, have been designed and assembled with molecular weight 17,964, 27,713 and 38,352 Da, respectively. In the ligand preparation, consecutive condensation between precursors with primary amines and pyrylium salts is applied to modularize the synthesis. These discrete nested supramolecules are prone to assemble into tubular nanostructures through hierarchical self-assembly. Furthermore, nested supramolecules display high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive pathogen methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and negligible toxicity to eukaryotic cells, while the corresponding ligands do not show potent antimicrobial activity.
Author Correction: A mechanistic framework for auxin dependent Arabidopsis root hair elongation to low external phosphate
Authors: Bhosale Rahul , Giri Jitender , Pandey Bipin K. , Giehl Ricardo F. H. , Hartmann Anja , Traini Richard , Truskina Jekaterina , Leftley Nicola , Hanlon Meredith , Swarup Kamal , Rashed Afaf , Voß Ute , Alonso Jose , Stepanova Anna , Yun Jeonga , Ljung Karin , Brown Kathleen M. , Lynch Jonathan P. , Dolan Liam , Vernoux Teva , Bishopp Anthony , Wells Darren , von Wirén Nicolaus , Bennett Malcolm J. , Swarup Ranjan 
Published: May 2018

The original version of this Article omitted the following from the Acknowledgements: ‘We also thank DBT-CREST BT/HRD/03/01/2002.’ This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Publisher Correction: Control of laser plasma accelerated electrons for light sources
Authors: André T. , Andriyash I. A. , Loulergue A. , Labat M. , Roussel E. , Ghaith A. , Khojoyan M. , Thaury C. , Valléau M. , Briquez F. , Marteau F. , Tavakoli K. , N’Gotta P. , Dietrich Y. , Lambert G. , Malka V. , Benabderrahmane C. , Vétéran J. , Chapuis L. , El Ajjouri T. , Sebdaoui M. , Hubert N. , Marcouillé O. , Berteaud P. , Leclercq N. , El Ajjouri M. , Rommeluère P. , Bouvet F. , Duval J. -P. , Kitegi C. , Blache F. , Mahieu B. , Corde S. , Gautier J. , Ta Phuoc K. , Goddet J. P. , Lestrade A. , Herbeaux C. , Évain C. , Szwaj C. , Bielawski S. , Tafzi A. , Rousseau P. , Smartsev S. , Polack F. , Dennetière D. , Bourassin-Bouchet C. , De Oliveira C. , Couprie M. -E. 
Published: May 2018

The original version of this Article contained an error in the last sentence of the first paragraph of the Introduction and incorrectly read ‘A proper electron beam control is one of the main challenges towards the Graal of developing a compact alternative of X-ray free-electron lasers by coupling LWFA gigaelectron-volts per centimetre acceleration gradient with undulators in the amplification regime in equation 11, nx(n-β) x β: n the two times and beta the two times should be bold since they are vectorsin Eq. 12, β should be bold as well.’ The correct version is ‘A proper electron beam control is one of the main challenges towards the Graal of developing a compact alternative of X-ray free-electron lasers by coupling LWFA gigaelectron-volts per centimetre acceleration gradient with undulators in the amplification regime.’This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Evaluation of fronto-striatal networks during cognitive control in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia and the effect of antipsychotic medication
Authors: Cadena Elyse J. , White David M. , Kraguljac Nina V. , Reid Meredith A. , Lahti Adrienne C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTo understand the mechanism of cognitive control dysfunction in schizophrenia, it is critical to characterize brain function without the confounding effect of medication. It is also important to establish the extent to which antipsychotic medication restores brain function and whether those changes are related to psychosis improvement. Twenty-two patients with schizophrenia, initially unmedicated and after a 6-week course of risperidone, and 20 healthy controls (HC) studied twice, 6 weeks apart, performed an fMRI task. We examined group and longitudinal differences in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), striatum, and midbrain functional activity during performance of a Stroop color task as well as activity patterns associated with improvement in psychosis symptoms. Unmedicated patients showed reduced functional activity in the ACC, striatum, and midbrain compared to HC. Post hoc contrasts from significant group-by-time interactions indicated that, in patients, drug administration was associated with both activity increases and decreases. In unmedicated patients, greater baseline functional activity in the striatum and midbrain predicted subsequent better treatment response. Greater changes in functional activity in ACC and ventral putamen over the course of 6 weeks positively correlated with better treatment response. Unmedicated patients show reduced activity in brain networks pivotal for cognitive control and medication is associated with functional changes in these regions. These results suggest a mechanism by which antipsychotic medication has a beneficial effect on cognition. Our results also support the notion that treatment response is determined by a combination of the baseline pattern of brain function and by the pharmacological modulation of these regions.
Observation of negative differential resistance in mesoscopic graphene oxide devices
Authors: Rathi Servin , Lee Inyeal , Kang Moonshik , Lim Dongsuk , Lee Yoontae , Yamacli Serhan , Joh Han-Ik , Kim Seongsu , Kim Sang-Woo , Yun Sun Jin , Choi Sukwon , Kim Gil-Ho 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe fractions of various functional groups in graphene oxide (GO) are directly related to its electrical and chemical properties and can be controlled by various reduction methods like thermal, chemical and optical. However, a method with sufficient controllability to regulate the reduction process has been missing. In this work, a hybrid method of thermal and joule heating processes is demonstrated where a progressive control of the ratio of various functional groups can be achieved in a localized area. With this precise control of carbon-oxygen ratio, negative differential resistance (NDR) is observed in the current-voltage characteristics of a two-terminal device in the ambient environment due to charge-activated electrochemical reactions at the GO surface. This experimental observation correlates with the optical and chemical characterizations. This NDR behavior offers new opportunities for the fabrication and application of such novel electronic devices in a wide range of devices applications including switches and oscillators.
High light-quality OLEDs with a wet-processed single emissive layer
Authors: Singh Meenu , Jou Jwo-Huei , Sahoo Snehasis , S. S. Sujith , He Zhe-Kai , Krucaite Gintare , Grigalevicius Saulius , Wang Ching-Wu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHigh light-quality and low color temperature are crucial to justify a comfortable healthy illumination. Wet-process enables electronic devices cost-effective fabrication feasibility. We present herein low color temperature, blue-emission hazards free organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) with very-high light-quality indices, that with a single emissive layer spin-coated with multiple blackbody-radiation complementary dyes, namely deep-red, yellow, green and sky-blue. Specifically, an OLED with a 1,854 K color temperature showed a color rendering index (CRI) of 90 and a spectrum resemblance index (SRI) of 88, whose melatonin suppression sensitivity is only 3% relative to a reference blue light of 480 nm. Its maximum retina permissible exposure limit is 3,454 seconds at 100 lx, 11, 10 and 6 times longer and safer than the counterparts of compact fluorescent lamp (5,920 K), light emitting diode (5,500 K) and OLED (5,000 K). By incorporating a co-host, tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine (TCTA), the resulting OLED showed a current efficiency of 24.9 cd/A and an external quantum efficiency of 24.5% at 100 cd/m2. It exhibited ultra-high light quality with a CRI of 93 and an SRI of 92. These prove blue-hazard free, high quality and healthy OLED to be fabrication feasible via the easy-to-apply wet-processed single emissive layer with multiple emitters.
Impaired neural pathway in gastric muscles of patients with diabetes
Authors: Min Yang Won , Ko Eun-Ju , Lee Ji-Yeon , Rhee Poong-Lyul 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTo explore the pathogenic mechanism of diabetic gastropathy, we investigated differences in response to electrical field stimulation (EFS) of gastric muscles from diabetic and non-diabetic (control) patients. Gastric specimens were obtained from 34 patients and 45 controls who underwent gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. Using organ bath techniques, we examined peak and nadir values of contraction under EFS. To examine responses to purinergic and nitrergic inhibition without cholinergic innervation, atropine, MRS2500, and N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) were added sequentially to the organ bath. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was used to confirm that the responses to EFS were mediated via neural stimulation. In the absence of pharmacological agents, peak contraction amplitude was greater in non-diabetic controls compared to diabetics only in the distal longitudinal gastric muscles. However, the nadir was greater in controls than in patients in both proximal and distal gastric circular muscles. Addition of MRS2500 could not decrease the nadir in both controls and patients, both in the proximal and distal stomach. However, L-NNA completely reversed the relaxation. TTX had no further effect on nadir. In conclusion, impaired inhibitory nitrergic neural pathway in both proximal and distal stomach and impaired excitatory cholinergic neural pathway in the distal stomach may contribute to the pathogenic mechanism underlying diabetic gastropathy.
Next Generation Sequencing of urine exfoliated cells: an approach of prostate cancer microRNAs research
Authors: Guelfi Gabriella , Cochetti Giovanni , Stefanetti Valentina , Zampini Danilo , Diverio Silvana , Boni Andrea , Mearini Ettore 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThere is emerging evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) dysregulation is involved in the genesis and the progression of Prostate Cancer (PCa), thus potentially increasing their use in urological clinical practice. This is the first pilot study which utilizes Illumina Deep Sequencing to examine the entire miRNAs spectrum existent in urine exfoliated prostate cells (UEPCs) of PCa patients. A total of 11 male patients with histological diagnosis of PCa were enrolled in the present study. First-catch urine (30 mL) was collected following a prostate massage. Total RNA was extracted from urine and sequenced using an HiSeq2500 System (Illumina). QPCR assay was used to validate the highest NGS results in PCA patients and in age-matched, caucasian men. Remarkably, PCA let-7 family was down-regulated (P < 0.01), compared to the controls. The results of our study support the notion of a relatively high diagnostic value of miRNA family for PCa detection, especially in the let-7 family. The present research confirmed the potential use of miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers in the diagnosis of PCa, potentially reducing the invasiveness of actual clinical strategy.
Controlling Indomethacin Release through Vapor-Phase Deposited Hydrogel Films by Adjusting the Cross-linker Density
Authors: Christian Paul , Tumphart Stephan , Ehmann Heike M. A. , Riegler Hans , Coclite Anna Maria , Werzer Oliver 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVapor-phase deposited polymer coatings are applied on thin indomethacin films to modify the drug release. Hydrogel-forming co-polymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were prepared directly on top of solution cast indomethacin thin films by initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD). This technique allows for solvent-free processing under mild conditions, thus minimizing a potential impact on the pharmaceutical. The drug release behavior, among other properties, was evaluated for polymers of different compositions and at different temperatures. The data show that the release kinetics can be tuned by several orders of magnitude as the cross-linker fraction is varied in the polymer coating. While uncoated indomethacin films were fully released within an hour, polymer coatings showed gradual liberation over several hours to days. Additional insight is gained from evaluating the experimental dissolution data in the framework of diffusive transport. The results of this study show that the iCVD technique has some promises for pharmaceutical technology, potentially allowing for tailored release behavior also for other drug systems.
Model-based and Model-free Machine Learning Techniques for Diagnostic Prediction and Classification of Clinical Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Gao Chao , Sun Hanbo , Wang Tuo , Tang Ming , Bohnen Nicolaas I. , Müller Martijn L. T. M. , Herman Talia , Giladi Nir , Kalinin Alexandr , Spino Cathie , Dauer William , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. , Dinov Ivo D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this study, we apply a multidisciplinary approach to investigate falls in PD patients using clinical, demographic and neuroimaging data from two independent initiatives (University of Michigan and Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center). Using machine learning techniques, we construct predictive models to discriminate fallers and non-fallers. Through controlled feature selection, we identified the most salient predictors of patient falls including gait speed, Hoehn and Yahr stage, postural instability and gait difficulty-related measurements. The model-based and model-free analytical methods we employed included logistic regression, random forests, support vector machines, and XGboost. The reliability of the forecasts was assessed by internal statistical (5-fold) cross validation as well as by external out-of-bag validation. Four specific challenges were addressed in the study: Challenge 1, develop a protocol for harmonizing and aggregating complex, multisource, and multi-site Parkinson’s disease data; Challenge 2, identify salient predictive features associated with specific clinical traits, e.g., patient falls; Challenge 3, forecast patient falls and evaluate the classification performance; and Challenge 4, predict tremor dominance (TD) vs. posture instability and gait difficulty (PIGD). Our findings suggest that, compared to other approaches, model-free machine learning based techniques provide a more reliable clinical outcome forecasting of falls in Parkinson’s patients, for example, with a classification accuracy of about 70–80%.
Overexpression of Cx43 in cells of the myocardial scar: Correction of post-infarct arrhythmias through heterotypic cell-cell coupling
Authors: Roell Wilhelm , Klein Alexandra M. , Breitbach Martin , Becker Torsten S. , Parikh Ashish , Lee Jane , Zimmermann Katrin , Reining Shaun , Gabris Beth , Ottersbach Annika , Doran Robert , Engelbrecht Britta , Schiffer Miriam , Kimura Kenichi , Freitag Patricia , Carls Esther , Geisen Caroline , Duerr Georg D. , Sasse Philipp , Welz Armin , Pfeifer Alexander , Salama Guy , Kotlikoff Michael , Fleischmann Bernd K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVentricular tachycardia (VT) is the most common and potentially lethal complication following myocardial infarction (MI). Biological correction of the conduction inhomogeneity that underlies re-entry could be a major advance in infarction therapy. As minimal increases in conduction of infarcted tissue markedly influence VT susceptibility, we reasoned that enhanced propagation of the electrical signal between non-excitable cells within a resolving infarct might comprise a simple means to decrease post-infarction arrhythmia risk. We therefore tested lentivirus-mediated delivery of the gap-junction protein Connexin 43 (Cx43) into acute myocardial lesions. Cx43 was expressed in (myo)fibroblasts and CD45+ cells within the scar and provided prominent and long lasting arrhythmia protection in vivo. Optical mapping of Cx43 injected hearts revealed enhanced conduction velocity within the scar, indicating Cx43-mediated electrical coupling between myocytes and (myo)fibroblasts. Thus, Cx43 gene therapy, by direct in vivo transduction of non-cardiomyocytes, comprises a simple and clinically applicable biological therapy that markedly reduces post-infarction VT.