bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Pericarditis and Cancer Risk: A Matched Cohort Study Using Linked UK Primary and Secondary Care Data
Authors: Søgaard Kirstine Kobberøe , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Smeeth Liam , Bhaskaran Krishnan 
Published: September 2018

Background
We aimed to examine whether acute pericarditis is an indicator of undetected cancer and identify patient‐level factors associated with high cancer risk among patients presenting with pericarditis.

Methods and Results

A population‐based matched cohort study was conducted using primary care data from the
UK
Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to Hospital Episode Statistics. Patients with acute pericarditis (n=6530) were matched to a comparison cohort (n=26 111) on age, sex, calendar time, and general practice. We estimated cumulative cancer incidences, and calculated hazard ratios using Cox regression. Effect modification by patients' characteristics and lifestyle factors was examined, and we fitted a parsimonious model to evaluate absolute excess risk of later cancer among pericarditis patients by key patient‐level factors. We identified 728 and 1379 incidents of cancer among pericarditis patients and the comparison cohort (median follow‐up, 2.8 and 3.5 years). Pericarditis was associated with an elevated subsequent risk of any cancer (hazard ratio=3.03; 95% confidence interval, 2.74–3.36). The association was particularly pronounced 0 to 3 months after pericarditis (hazard ratio=23.56; 95% confidence interval, 18.00–30.83), but a more‐modest association remained thereafter (hazard ratio=1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.48–2.57 after 3–12 months, and hazard ratio=1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–1.62 after >12 month). Older individuals hospitalized with pericarditis and with combinations of obesity and smoking were at the highest excess risk of having a cancer diagnosis 3 to 12 months later, reaching 4.8%.

Conclusions
Occult cancers may be going undiagnosed during the acute episode of pericarditis. Patients presenting with pericarditis and combinations of older age, obesity, smoking, and a need for hospitalization might warrant targeted investigations for cancer.
Variants at the
APOE/C1/C2/C4
Locus Modulate Cholesterol Efflux Capacity Independently of High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors: Low‐Kam Cécile , Rhainds David , Lo Ken Sin , Barhdadi Amina , Boulé Marie , Alem Sonia , Pedneault‐Gagnon Valérie , Rhéaume Eric , Dubé Marie‐Pierre , Busseuil David , Hegele Robert A. , Lettre Guillaume , Tardif Jean‐Claude 
Published: September 2018

Background

Macrophage cholesterol efflux to high‐density lipoproteins (
HDLs
) is the first step of reverse cholesterol transport. The cholesterol efflux capacity (
CEC
) of
HDL
particles is a protective risk factor for coronary artery disease independent of
HDL
cholesterol levels. Using a genome‐wide association study approach, we aimed to identify pathways that regulate
CEC
in humans.

Methods and Results

We measured
CEC
in 5293 French Canadians. We tested the genetic association between 4
CEC
measures and genotypes at >9 million common autosomal
DNA
sequence variants. These analyses yielded 10 genome‐wide significant signals (
P
<6.25×10
−9
) representing 7 loci. Five of these loci harbor genes with important roles in lipid biology (

CETP

,

LIPC

,

LPL

,

APOA
1/C3/A4/A5

,

and
APOE

/C1/C2/C4
). Except for the

APOE
/C1/C2/C4

variant (
rs141622900
,
P

nonadjusted

=1.0×10
−11
;
P

adjusted

=8.8×10
−9
), the association signals disappear when correcting for
HDL
cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The additional 2 significant signals were near the

PPP
1
CB
/
PLB
1

and

RBFOX
3/
ENPP
7

genes. In secondary analyses, we considered candidate functional variants for 58 genes implicated in
HDL
biology, as well as 239 variants associated with blood lipid levels and/or coronary artery disease risk by
genome‐wide association study
. These analyses identified 27 significant
CEC
associations, implicating 5 additional loci (

GCKR

,

LIPG

,

PLTP

,

PPARA

, and

TRIB
1

).

Conclusions

Our
genome‐wide association study
identified common genetic variation at the

APOE
/C1/C2/C4

locus as a major determinant of
CEC
that acts largely independently of
HDL
cholesterol. We predict that
HDL
‐based therapies aiming at increasing
CEC
will be modulated by changes in the expression of apolipoproteins in this gene cluster.
Revenue Farming Reconsidered: Tenurial Rights and Tenurial Duties in Early Modern India, ca. 1556-1818
Authors: Sheth Sudev 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe meaning of land revenue farming in Indian history has eluded consensus. Some view it as an administrative aberration indicating weak state control, while others see it as a strategy for consolidating authority. This essay traces the historical development ofiqṭāʻandijārah, two Perso-Arabic terms frequently translated from the sources as ‘revenue farming estate’. I then suggest that existing perspectives do not capture the broader structure and significance of various entitlements to land revenue. Instead, I suggest that entitlements be schematized according to how regularized the right was, whether it was permanent, and how duty-bound the right holder was. In this formulation, revenue farm refers to a complex of rights and duties secured by contract in which a sovereign transferred the temporary exploitation of a holding for rent in advance. It was one of four tenurial complexes under which entitlements fell, the others being estates from bureaucratic assignment, hereditary occupation or possession by grant/gift, and tributary or chieftaincy.
Fluid Histories: Swamps, Law and the Company-State in Colonial Bengal
Authors: Bhattacharyya Debjani 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe movement of the Hughli River in 1804-5 resulted in the deposition of alluvion along Calcutta’s river banks which unfolded as an ownership crisis for the East India Company. The Company responded by developing new legal categories and administrative language to manage these newly formed lands and thereby fashioning itself as a public agent of Calcutta’s land and landed property. Focusing on specific legal aspects of colonial hydrology that arose in the making of property in these amphibious spaces, the article argues that the soaking ecology of Bengal became a site for productive law-making by creating open-ended possibilities for taking land. It demonstrates how the Company used this new land formation to gradually institute a legal architecture regulating alluvion and dereliction and subsequently subjecting these soaking ecologies to an intricate documentary regime with the aim of disciplining the existing landed property relations in Calcutta. Documenting the haphazard extension and enactment of these new legal doctrines in a mobile landscape illuminates a particular history of the colonial regime of property and the Company-State’s early articulations of a particular type of quasi-eminent domain as a manner of taking land. Pushing a new direction in legal geography, the piece shows how the legal arena became a productive site for geographical knowledge production and legal experimentation in the colony.
The Problem of Property: Local Histories and Political-Economic Categories in British India
Authors: Chakrabarti Upal 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis essay considers—as an integrated space of discursive practices—disputes over proprietary titles in an obscure locality, debates over the authentic “Indian” proprietary form in British India, and a conceptual recasting of political-economic categories in Britain, over the first half of the nineteenth century. It argues that “property” was produced by this space as a marker of political power/sovereignty, its “indigenous/Indian” form being construed as a field of dispersed, contested, and plural rights. Positing this conceptualization of property as immanent in governance and political economy, this essay questions the dominant historiographic consensus that indigenous social forces aborted all attempts of the Company’s government to introduce a coherent property regime.
Property and Its Rule (in Late Indo-Islamicate and Early Colonial) South Asia: What’s in a Name?
Authors: Chaudhry Faisal 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article sets out a framework for understanding two key issues in the history of early modern and modern South Asia. First, it addresses the vexed question of the generalizability of the “Western” concept of property to Indo-Islamicate land systems. Rather than beginning from the idea of ‘Islamic property law/relations’ it proposes that we reconstruct concepts relating to the control of the earth’s material substrate in terms of four modes of idiomizing land in the Islamicate tradition. In light of how the latter reconstruction suggests that (Indo-)Islamicate modes of idiomization focused on the produce of land more than land itself, the article then turns to a second issue. This concerns the similarities and differences between the deontic cultures of rights and responsibilities that characterized early modern polities (both in Mughal India and England) and nineteenth-century ones (like metropolitan Britain’s and that emerging from the East India Company’s so-called rule of property in the subcontinent).
Sovereignty, Property and Land Development: The East India Company in Madras
Authors: Raman Bhavani 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFrom the late eighteenth century struggles over untitled and unassessed land in Madras became completely entangled with the East India Company’s efforts to craft its sovereign powers. These lands could not be leached of their social meanings and use and instead, competing ideas of ownership incarnated sovereignty as eviction and the Company as a pre-eminent land developer.
Vigilance Tasks: Unpleasant, Mentally Demanding, and Stressful Even When Time Flies
Authors: Dillard Michael B. , Warm Joel S. , Funke Gregory J. , Nelson W. Todd , Finomore Victor S. , McClernon Christopher K. , Eggemeier F. Thomas , Tripp Lloyd D. , Funke Matthew E. 
Published: September 2018

Objective: To determine whether perceived time progression (PTP) moderates participants’ negative reactions to vigilance tasks. Background: Vigilance tasks are rated by participants to be unenjoyable and as having high levels of workload and stress. Based on the adage, “You are having fun when time flies,” we tested the possibility that accelerating PTP might reduce these negative experiences. Method: Two studies were performed, involving a long 30-min and a short 12-min vigil. We manipulated participants’ PTP by creating a mismatch between their expectations about how long they would perform the task and the actual time that they were engaged. Results: PTP was significantly faster for participants who were led to expect that the vigilance task would last longer than it did relative to those led to expect that task duration would be shorter than it actually was and for controls for whom task duration was equal to the expected duration. However, accelerating PTP had no effect in either experiment on undesirable reactions to the vigilance tasks. Participants uniformly rated both tasks as unenjoyable, as having a high level of workload, and as stressful. Apparently, vigilance isn’t fun even when time flies. Conclusion: Our findings greatly underscore the depth to which negative subjective reactions are embedded in the nature of vigilance tasks and therefore that these tasks can have potentially serious costs to participants in terms of health, safety, and productivity. Application: These costs must be considered at the operational level.
Displacements of the pipe system caused by a transient phenomenon using the dynamic forces measured in the laboratory
Authors: Malesińska Agnieszka , Rogulski Mariusz , Puntorieri Pierfabrizio , Barbaro Giuseppe , Kowalska Beata 
Published: September 2018

Background: When transporting liquids, in particularly over long distances, dynamic forces in the system can present a risk. The larger the system size, and the greater the pressure, the more harmful the impact is of such forces. Water is transported in this way for domestic, industrial, and fire-fighting purposes. One of the impulses of dynamic force application may be the transition of the pressure wave in the water hammer. Methods: In this paper, the results of measured dynamic forces and associated displacements recorded on the model caused by transient flow conditions are presented. For measured forces, the displacements of the pipe were also calculated by using the oscillation motion equations. Force measurements and displacement analyses were carried out in laboratory on the model of a simple fire protection system equipped with three nozzles. Results and Conclusions: The measurement results and calculations were used to calibrate a mathematical model created using MATLAB software.
Reasonable Accommodation to Mental Health Disabilities at Work: Legal Constructs and Practical Applications
Authors: Kaufmann Caroline L. 
Published: September 2018

Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 requires employers to make reasonable accommodations to workers with physical and mental health disabilities. The linking of physical and mental illnesses under a common mandate confuses many employers and their legal advisors. Mental illnesses usually manifest themselves through behavior, and the accommodations required involve adjustments in scheduling, supervision, and interpersonal relationships on the job. This paper presents case studies in reasonable accommodation to workers with schizophrenia. The most common accommodation is flexible scheduling to allow for psychiatric treatment during work hours. Second most common is adaptations of the interpersonal environment to protect the worker's privacy and reduce stress. Cases of successful and unsuccessful outcomes to the accommodation process indicate that some functional limitations cannot be accommodated. For an accommodation to be reasonable, it must meet the needs of the employer as well as the worker. While not all persons with mental health disabilities meet qualifications for jobs in the competitive labor force, many function well with minimal adjustments from an employer.
The Sensitivity of Impact Estimates to Data Sources Used: Analysis From an Access to Postsecondary Education Experiment
Authors: Ford Reuben , Grékou Douwêrê , Kwakye Isaac , Hui Taylor Shek-wai 
Published: September 2018

Background: This article reports on the Future to Discover Project—a Canadian randomized controlled trial of two high school interventions—where data on key postsecondary enrollment outcomes were collected for two phases. During the initial phase, outcomes were recorded from administrative data and follow-up surveys. During the later phase, data came from administrative records only. Objectives: The article provides analyses that are informative about the consequences of a change from administrative-only data to survey-only data (and vice versa) for the estimation of impacts. Results: The change from administrative-only to survey-only data tended to produce apparent drops in postsecondary enrollment rates that varied by subgroup and education outcome. Nonetheless, levels and significance of impact with respect to postsecondary enrollment remained relatively stable. Conclusions: The findings of the article provide evidence that estimating education program impacts in the context of a randomized experiment can be relatively robust to the data sources chosen. They suggest that internal validity and conclusions for policy need not be affected by changing data sources even when the change produces marked changes in levels of the outcome of interest observed.
Exploring the impact of brain cancer on people and their participation
Authors: Hammill Kathrine , Stewart Catherine G , Kosic Natasha , Bellamy Lauren , Irvine Hannah , Hutley Dawn , Arblaster Karen 
Published: September 2018

Introduction Brain cancer diagnoses are rising, and the prognosis is commonly life-limiting. Brain cancer symptoms and the side effects of treatment are imposing and harmful. Little is known about the effect of these symptoms and treatments on occupational participation or about the role that occupational therapy can play for people with brain cancer. Methods Sixteen participants with brain cancer were purposively recruited from a single site. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Interviews were analysed thematically. Results Three overarching themes were identified: (a) ‘there’s a lot of things that I can’t do anymore’: adverse effects of tumour and treatments; (b) ‘you adjust with adversity’: accepting altered occupational participation levels; (c) occupational therapy: ‘why is she here?’ Conclusions Findings highlight a connection between brain cancer symptoms, treatment side effects and occupational participation. A disconnect was found between occupational therapy services and occupational needs. Further research could explore whether realigning occupational therapy services to address the concerns identified in this study leads to enhanced occupational participation through the journey of brain cancer.
A prospective pilot study of the effect on catecholamines of mindfulness training vs pharmacological prophylaxis in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse headache
Authors: Grazzi Licia , Raggi Alberto , D’Amico Domenico , Sansone Emanuela , Leonardi Matilde , Andrasik Frank , Gucciardi Antonina , Guido Davide , D’Andrea Giovanni 
Published: September 2018

Aim To address whether, in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse headache, mindfulness-based treatment is associated with changes in plasma levels of catecholamines and elusive amines that are similar to those observed in patients undergoing pharmacological prophylaxis. Methods In this non-randomized, clinic-based effectiveness study, patients aged 18–65, with a history of chronic migraine ≥ 10 years and overuse of triptans or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ≥ 5 years, were enrolled. Upon completion of a structured withdrawal program, patients received either pharmacological prophylaxis or six weekly sessions of mindfulness-based treatment and were followed for 12 months. Daily headache diaries were used to record headache frequency and medication intake; catecholamines (noradrenaline, epinephrine and dopamine) and levels of elusive amines were assayed from poor platelet plasma. Results Complete follow-up data were available for 15 patients in the pharmacological prophylaxis-group (14 females, average age 44.1) and 14 in the mindfulness treatment-group (all females, average age 46.4), and all variables were comparable between groups at baseline. At 12 months, significant improvement ( p < .001) was found in the pharmacological prophylaxis group for headache frequency and medication intake (by 51% and 48.7%, respectively), noradrenaline, epinephrine and dopamine (by 98.7%, 120.8% and 501.9%, respectively); patients in the mindfulness treatment-group performed similarly. For elusive amines, no longitudinal changes were found. Conclusions The similar improvement trends observed in the two groups of patients further support the utility of mindfulness-based treatment in migraine care, and reinforce the hypothesis that alteration and normalization of tyrosine metabolism are implicated in migraine chronification and in remission of chronic migraine.
Comparison between methadone and buprenorphine within the QUAD protocol for perioperative analgesia in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Shah Meera , Yates David , Hunt James , Murrell Jo 
Published: September 2018

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic efficacy of methadone vs buprenorphine within the QUAD protocol for anaesthesia in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Methods One hundred and twenty cats were recruited to an assessor-blinded, randomised clinical trial. Cats received either methadone (5  mg/m2) or buprenorphine (180 µg/m2) combined with ketamine, midazolam and medetomidine intramuscularly. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Atipamezole was administered at extubation. Pain was assessed using the feline Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-F), a dynamic interactive visual analogue scale (DIVAS) and mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT). Sedation, pain, heart rate and respiratory rate were measured prior to QUAD administration, before intubation, and 2, 4, 6 and 8 h post-QUAD administration. If indicated by the CMPS-F, rescue analgesia was provided with 0.5 mg/kg of methadone administered intramuscularly. Meloxicam was administered after the last assessment. Differences in pain scores between groups were compared using a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA and requirement for rescue analgesia was compared using a χ2 test. Results Cats administered methadone had lower CMPS-F scores over time ( P = 0.04). Eighteen of 60 cats required rescue analgesia in the methadone group vs 29/60 in the buprenorphine group ( P = 0.028). All cats that received rescue analgesia required it within 6 h post-QUAD administration. There were no differences between groups in MNT or pain measured using the DIVAS. Conclusions and relevance Methadone produced clinically superior postoperative analgesia for the first 8 h after neutering than buprenorphine when used within the QUAD protocol.
What the doctor doesn’t know: Discarded patient knowledge of older adults with multimorbidity
Authors: Joensson Alexandra B Ryborg , Guassora Ann Dorrit , Freil Morten , Reventlow Susanne 
Published: September 2018

Objectives Adherence to treatment has proven to require the involvement of patients in treatment and care planning. This process involves incorporating patient knowledge, or knowledge about the patients’ everyday life, into the clinical encounter. This article explores the disclosure practices of such knowledge from older adults with multimorbidity. Methods This was an 18-month qualitative study among 14 older adults with multimorbidity living in Denmark. A thematic analysis was applied, focusing on perceptions of patient knowledge and disclosure practices among the participating patients. Results Older adults with multimorbidity have various reasons for not disclosing personal knowledge. The results present three different domains of what we termed discarded patient knowledge: (1) knowledge that had no direct biomedical relevance from participants’ perspective; (2) knowledge considered too private; and (3) knowledge assumed to position one as inferior. Discussion The participants made judgments on what they believed was welcome in the clinical encounter, framing their knowledge within the purview of biomedicine. Participants’ disclosure practices showed that personal knowledge is sometimes not recognized as important for health and care by participants themselves. Knowledge that could have influenced practitioners’ understanding of the problem and provided different solutions, is argued to be discarded patient knowledge.