bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Статья А. П. Сумарокова «О несогласии» в апрельской книжке журнала «Трудолюбивая Пчела»: текст и контекст
Authors: Растягаев Андрей Викторович , Сложеникина Юлия Владимировна 
Published: December 2018

<p>В статье исследуется семантическое ядро апрельского номера журнала «Трудолюбивая Пчела» — эссе А. П. Сумарокова «О несогласии». Актуальность проблемы исследования определяется тем, что журнал в целом и каждая помесячная его книжка в отдельности практически не попадают в сферу исследовательского внимания историков литературы и журналистики. Предложенная методология исследования основана на принципе синергии нескольких направлений современной филологической науки: истории русской литературы XVIII в., истории отечественной журналистики, истории русского литературного языка. Данный подход к анализу, интерпретации и пониманию журнального метатекста призван воссоздать целостную картину взаимодействия авторской интенции и читательского восприятия.</p><p>В статье исследуется смысл заглавия «О несогласии» как сильной позиции текста, реализующей интенцию автора на диалог с читателем-современником. Предпринимается попытка восстановления культурного контекста данного словоупотребления в произведениях Феофана Прокоповича, Петра I, В. К. Тредиаковского и М. В. Ломоносова. Слово «несогласие» в письменных текстах XVIII в. актуализировалось в различных значениях. Однако только у Сумарокова оно вынесено в заглавие и помимо коммуникативной выполняет еще и смыслообразующую функцию.</p><p>Анализ композиции риторического сюжета эссе Сумарокова выявил основной принцип его построения — следование «простоте естества». Заявленный во вступлении тезис об истинных причинах несогласия между людьми — «несходство сердец» — объяснительно аргументируется тремя примерами различной тематики: любовной, имущественной и бытовой. Далее авторская мысль следует от простого к сложному и переходит на уровень обобщения в контексте всемирной истории. Ряд риторических вопросов автора в заключительной части статьи провоцирует читателя дать собственную этическую оценку поднятой в тексте проблеме.</p><p>Интерпретация поэтологического сюжета статьи последовательно воссоздает ее древнеримский и позднеантичный культурные контексты, также выявляет рецепцию традиции раннего английского Просвещения.</p><p>Исследование текста и контекста одной статьи апрельской книжки журнала позволяет сделать вывод о том, что журнал Сумарокова — не только новая эпоха в развитии российской журналистики, но и новое слово в поэтике и герменевтике, которые в середине XVIII в. усилиями авторов «Трудолюбивой Пчелы» приходят на смену риторике.</p>
Проектный подход в решении проблем прекаризации занятости современной молодежи
Authors: Федорова Наталья Васильевна , Коврижкина Мария Михайловна 
Published: December 2018

<p>В статье анализируется проблема временной занятости (прекаризации) молодежи России, которая распространилась сегодня на рынке труда. При этом молодежь не рассматривается как единое поколение, в ее составе есть различные поколенческие группы. Выделяются следующие категории работающей молодежи: стабильно занятые, успешные фрилансеры, работающие низкооплачиваемые молодые специалисты и прекаризованная группа молодежи. Заработков молодежи, относящейся к последней группе, хватает на выживание, но не более того. Молодежь этой категории не может сменить профессию или место жительства, она недостаточно грамотна с правовой точки зрения, чтобы найти работу и заключить хороший контракт. Выживание ей обеспечивают родители или более успешные родственники.</p><p>Главная особенность этой группы — восприятие рынка труда как безусловно враждебного к ним. В отличие от молодых людей с низким доходом прошлого, современные представители низшей прекаризованной группы молодежи менее склонны к асоциальному поведению, проявляя низкую политическую и криминальную активность.</p><p>Прекаризацию молодежи как явление можно связать с развитием острых поколенческих конфликтов, действующих в трех социальных плоскостях: в системе образования (между преподавателями и обучающимися), на рынке труда (между работодателями и молодыми специалистами) и в среде самой молодежи (внутриролевой конфликт).</p><p>Общей рекомендацией может стать не только выработка профессиональных компетенций в рамках образовательного процесса, но и проведение мероприятий со стороны работодателей. Это касается разработки системы поиска перспективных выпускников и организация стажировок. Успешной показывает себя практика взаимодействия работодателей с учебными заведениями для целевой подготовки будущих сотрудников.</p><p>В целом прекаризация молодежи может быть расценена как негативное явление современного рынка труда. Негативное влияние ее может быть снижено за счет трансформации образовательного процесса в учебных заведениях и более тесной работы с будущими работодателями. Такое взаимодействие усиливается через деятельность профессиональных и бизнес-сообществ по созданию и корректировке профессиональных стандартов и развитию у молодых специалистов надпрофессиональных компетенций, что в конечном счете позволит преодолеть прекаризацию занятости молодежи.</p>
İkinci basamak hastanede perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi deneyimlerimiz
Authors: ŞENLİKÇİ Abdullah , KUZU Ufuk Barış , DEDE Fatma , YÜCE Kerime 
Published: December 2018

Giriş ve Amaç: Perkütan
endoskopik gastrostomi, herhangi bir nedenle oral yoldan beslenemeyen ve gastrointestinal
sistemi sağlam olan hastalarda enteral beslenmenin sağlandığı en güvenli
gastrostomi çeşididir. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız 2. basamak hastanemizdeki perkütan
endoskopik gastrostomi takılma endikasyonlarını, işlem sonrası erken ve geç
dönem komplikasyonlarını ve takipleri ile ilgili verileri sunmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bitlis
Devlet Hastanesi endoskopi ünitesinde Eylül 2016-Ekim 2017 tarihleri arasında
perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi tüpü takılan hastalar retrospektif olarak
incelendi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya
26 olgu dahil edildi. Olguların yaş ortalaması 64,23 (18-101) idi. Olguların
13'ü erkek ve 13'ü kadın idi. Olguların 11'ine (%42,3) serebrovasküler
hastalık, 5'ine (%19,23) demans, 3'üne (%11,53) amyotrofik lateral skleroz, 1'ine
(%3,84) nöro-Behçet, 1'ine (%3,84) hidrosefali, 1'ine (%3,84) akromegali, 1'ine
(%3,84) elektrik yanığı, 1'ine (%3,84) Erb-Duchanne Musküler distrofisi, 1'ine (%3,84)
serebral palsi ve 1'ine (%3,84) epidural kanama nedeniyle perkütan endoskopik
gastrostomi yapıldı. Olguların ortalama takip süresi 137,65 (4-388) gündür. 2 (%11,53)
olguda erken dönem komplikasyon gözlendi. Bir olguda batın içi serbest hava ve
bir olguda da üst gastrointestinal sistem kanaması gözlendi, ek olarak bir
hastamızda, uyumsuzluk nedeniyle perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi kanülünü
çekerek çıkardığı gözlendi. İşleme bağlı mortalite gözlenmemiştir. 1 aylık
mortalite oranımız %3,8 ve 3 aylık mortalite oranımız ise %26,9'dur. Sonuç: Perkütan
endoskopik gastrostomi enteral beslenme amacıyla yapılan gastrostominin en
güvenilir yoludur. 2. basamak hastanelerde de güvenle uygulanabilir.
Kolorektal Kanserde Endoskopik Özelliklerler Tümör Patolojisini ve Tümör Evresini Predikte Edebilir mi?
Authors: AKPINAR Muhammet Yener , UZMAN Metin , GÖKTAŞ Zeynep , ŞİMŞEK Gülçin Güler , KAHRAMANOĞLU AKSOY Evrim , SAPMAZ Ferdane , NAZLIGÜL Yaşar 
Published: December 2018

Giriş ve Amaç: Kolorektal kanserli hastalarımızın demografik
özelliklerini ve tanı anındaki endoskopik özelliklerinin kolorektal kanserin
patolojik özellikleri ile olan ilişkisini incelemeyi hedefledik.&nbsp;Gereç ve Yöntem: Hastanemiz Endoskopi Ünitesinde Ocak 2010-Ekim 2017
tarihleri arasında kolonoskopi esnasında kolorektal kanser ön tanısı ile
biyopsi alınan ve patolojileri kolorektal kanser gelen hastalar çalışmaya dahil
edildi. Tümöre bağlı lüminal obstrüksiyon, tümörün makroskopik özellikleri gibi
endoskopik özellikler ve kolorektal kanserin patolojik özellikleri retrospektif
olarak incelendi.&nbsp;&nbsp;Bulgular: Çalışmamıza 168 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların en
sık başvuru şikayeti kabızlık olup kolonda kanserin en sık izlendiği yer
sigmoid kolondu. Hematokezya sol kolon yerleşimli kanserlerde diğer
bölgelerdekine göre anlamlı olarak daha sık izlendi (p=0.02). Cinsiyetler
arasında başvuru şekli, kanser lokalizasyonu ve endoskopik obstrüksiyon
farklılık göstermedi. Endoskopik obstrüksiyonu olan hastalarda kolorektal
kanserin kötü diferansiasyonu anlamlı olarak daha fazlaydı (p=0.015).&nbsp;Sonuç: Endoskopun geçemeyeceği şekilde lüminal obstrüksiyonu
olan hastaların yakından izlenmeleri, ameliyatlarının geciktirilmeden yapılması
ve ameliyat sonrası daha kısa aralıklarla takibi bu hastaların sağkalımları üzerine
etkili olabilir.
Endoskopik transpapiller safra kesesi drenajı: Tek merkez deneyimi
Authors: KAPLAN Mustafa , ÖDEMİŞ Bülent , DİŞİBEYAZ Selçuk , PARLAK Erkan , ÖZTAŞ Erkin , GÖKBULUT Volkan , COŞKUN Orhan 
Published: December 2018

Giriş
ve Amaç: Bu çalışmada
komorbit durumların eşlik ettiği sistik kanal veya safra kesesi ilişkili
hastalıklarda ERCP ile transpapiller safra kesesi drenajının teknik ve klinik
başarısını ve komplikasyonlarını araştırdık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma 2011-2017 yılları arasında koledok
taşı, kolanjit veya Mirizzi sendromu nedeniyle endoskopik retrograd kolanjiopankreotografi
endikasyonu zaten konulan ve eşlik eden akut kolesistiti olan toplam 19 hasta ile
yapıldı. Endikasyona göre koledok taşları ve sistik kanal taşları çıkarıldıktan
veya koledoğa stent yerleştirildikten sonra tüm hastalarda nazosistik dren veya
pigtail stent ile transpapiller safra kesesi drenajı sağlandı. Transpapiller
safra kesesi drenajının teknik ve klinik başarısı ve işlemin komplikasyonları
değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Hastaların 15’inde (%79) en az bir komorbid hastalık vardı.
10 hastada sistik kanalda taş izlendi. Sistik kanalında taş olan tüm hastalara
balon ile lavaj, 3 hastaya basket ve mekanik litotripsi ve bir hastaya da
sistik kanal girişine balon dilatasyonu uygulandı. Transpapiller safra kesesi
drenajı 8 hastada 7F nazosistik dren, 6 hastada 7F nazobiliyer drenden yapılma
stent, 3 hastada 7F double pigtail stent ve 2 hastada 10F double pigtail stent
ile sağlandı. Çalışmada transpapiller safra kesesi drenajının teknik başarısı
%100 ve klinik başarısı %89 olarak bulundu. İşleme bağlı ölüm dahil herhangi
bir komplikasyon görülmedi. Sonuç: Komorbit durumların eşlik ettiği safra
kesesi veya sistik kanal ile ilişkili hastalıklarda endoskopik retrograd kolanjiopankreotografi
ile transpapiller safra kesesi drenajı başarılı ve komplikasyonu az bir
yöntemdir.
Prediction of difficult cholecystectomy, a study of 100 cases
Authors: Tudu Debananda , Mishra Bana Bihari 
Published: December 2018

Background: Cholelithiasis is a common problem in day to day surgical practice, which has a prevalence of 10-15%. The prevalence is more here in this part of the country as this is a pocket of sickle cell disease region. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard procedure for gall stone diseases. Out of many complications one of the most important complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy is bile duct injury particularly in difficult cases. Difficulties arise during creation of pneumoperitonium, releasing adhesion, identifying anatomy, anatomical variations and during extraction of gall bladder.Methods: A prospective study was carried out at VSS institute of Medical Science and Research, Burla, Sambalpur, a tertiary referral centre and a teaching hospital in the western Odisha. One hundred patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis were taken up for the study after due clearance from the institutional ethical committee. They were evaluated for risk factors such as-age of the patient, sex of the patient, previous abdominal surgery, number of previous attacks, total WBC count, gall bladder wall thickness and pericholecystic collection on ultrasonography.Results: Previous abdominal surgery, duration since acute attack, number of previous attacks, ultrasonography findings of increased wall thickness, stone impaction at neck and pericholecystic collection, increased total WBC count are associated with difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Conclusions: The predictors for difficult cholecystectomy will make the surgeon extra cautious during the procedure so as to minimize the complications.
Regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+) in lupus nephritis
Authors: Mohd Kamil Mohd Khairul , Mohd Rozita , Abdul Cader Rizna , Ithnin Azlin , Mohd Shah Shamsul Azhar 
Published: December 2018

Background: Systemic lupus erythromatosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with 20–65% of patients developing lupus nephritis (LN). Studies have reported 10% of LN patients will end up with end stage renal disease and their mortality rate is higher compared to patients without LN. Abnormality of regulatory T cells (Tregs) level is thought to be a potential factor for this LN development. The aim of study was to evaluate the percentage of Tregs in LN patients.Methods: This was a comparative cross sectional study involving LN patients and age and gender matched controls with a 2:1 ratio. The patients were grouped into active and inactive LN based on their lupus activity index; complement levels, ANA, dsDNA antibodies, ESR, SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI2K) score and also urine PCI (uPCI>0.05 for active group). Disease history, demographic data, routine blood test, peripheral blood for differentials count were taken and recorded. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained with CD4, CD25 and Foxp3 antibodies and percentage of Tregs was analysed using BD fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) cytometer. We compared demographic and laboratory parameters between healthy controls and LN patients as well as active and inactive LN patients.Results: A total of 34 LN patients (32 females, 2 males) were recruited. Their mean age and disease duration were 37.97±11.14 years and 110.95±65.07 months respectively. Thirteen matched controls with mean age 35.23±7.89 years were enrolled. There was no demographic difference between 2 groups of LN patients. Tregs were significantly lower in active LN compared to inactive LN and healthy control (0.44±0.37% vs. 1.89±0.46% vs. 3.12±0.56% of the CD4+, P<0.001). C3 and C4 complement fragments were significantly reduced in patients with active disease (C3; 50.92±28.43 vs. 76.31±25.63, P=0.011) and (C4; 11.17±8.41 vs. 16.70±6.50 P=0.044). Proteinuria was significantly higher while serum albumin levels were significantly lower in active patients compared to inactive patients and healthy control (urine PCI; 0.25(0.15-0.3) vs. 0.03(0.01-0.05) vs. 0.01, P<0.001) and (albumin; 29.89±6.87 vs. 36.87±3.58 vs. 40.62±1.89mmol/L, P<0.001). We found positive inversely correlation between Tregs with SLEDAI2K (r = -0.572, P=0.011) and proteinuria (r = -0.451, P=0.007).Conclusions: Tregs, C3 and C4 complements, and albumin were significantly lower while proteinuria was significantly higher in active LN. There was positive inversely correlation between the percentage of Tregs with SLEDAI2K score and proteinuria.
Patient education in management of diabetes with medical comorbidities: an interventional study in South-eastern India
Authors: Devarapalli Pradeep , Mehdiratta Nikita , Mamillapalli Supriya , Akella Sruthi 
Published: December 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> These days the effective management of diabetes has boundless challenges. Patient involvement is paramount for the successful care of diabetes. The aim of the study was to control medication adherence by providing patient education to the diabetic patients and also evaluating their drug-use, comorbidities, lifestyles and knowledge about diabetes and its management.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Total 240 diabetic patients of above 18 years of age with comorbidities were included in the study, in which 128 of study group and 112 of control group. Patient's comorbidities, drug-use and also knowledge level about diabetes was also assessed using a questionnaire. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among the enrolled patients type-1 diabetes patients were 12 (5%) and 228 (95%) were type-2. Most of the patients about 25% were from age group of 40-50 years. The major number of patients has comorbidities of Systemic and coronary artery disease. Later the post counselling of test group, the mean score was 9.860±0.21 which is significant compared to pre-counselling 7.769±0.201 (p&lt;0.001).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The present study revealed that the patients were unaware of the basic concept related to diabetes mellitus. For better control of hyperglycaemia, there is a need for advancement of policies regard of disease education.</p>
Assessment of efficacy of CT scan and diagnostic nasal endoscopy in chronic atrophic rhinitis cases
Authors: Parameshwar Keshanagari , Goud Katakam Pampapathi 
Published: December 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disorder leads to inflammation of nose and paranasal air sinuses. CRS affects quality of life of affected people, its diagnosis and management of is still a major challenge for the ENT specialists. CT scan and diagnostic nasal endoscopy of nose and paranasal sinuses plays an important role in the management of CRS.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total 42 cases with clinically diagnosed chronic rhinosinusitis between age group 2<sup>nd</sup> -6<sup>th</sup> decade were considered. All the participants underwent a systemic diagnostic nasal endoscopy and CT scan of nose and paranasal air sinuses before surgery. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Nasal blockage/obstruction (95.2%), headache/facial pain (90.4%), nasal discharge (85.7%), sneezing (76.1%) are commonest symptoms. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy noted to be a sensitive investigation tool for the sphenoethmoid recess, hiatus semilunaris and frontal recess. The sensitivity of above parameters is 100%, 94.8% and 95.1% respectively whereas, specificity is 83.2%, 79.5% and 94.8%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Diagnostic nasal endoscopy findings and CT scan findings correlated very well with the operative findings. In few cases DNE could not visualize all the parameters due to anatomical deviations. But CT scan is a specific diagnostic tool which depicted all the parameters except maxillary sinus and its bony shell in very few cases.</p>
An unusual differential of neck swelling: left apical hernia
Authors: Pandit Ankush 
Published: December 2018

<p class="abstract">Pulmonary herniation is a protrusion of the lung beyond the usual boundaries of the thoracic cavity, which is caused by increased intrathoracic pressures coupled with thoracic wall defects. Most lung hernias are asymptomatic, but when symptomatic they present as a bulging, crepitant mass protruding through the chest wall. A computed tomographic scan is usually diagnostic, and a small subset of patients requires surgery to correct the defect. In my report there is a 49 year old male patient with cystic swelling in the left side of the neck which increases on coughing, along with a small nodular midline swelling which moves on deglutation. Probable diagnosis of thyroid swelling with laryngocele as a differential was made. FNAC of nodular swelling was suggestive of nodular colloid goitre. CECT neck implied solitary thyroid nodule. The patient was taken for surgery to remove the thyroid nodule but surprisingly left apical lung hernia was diagnosed along with the thyroid nodule. Apical lung hernias are more common in males than in females (2:1) and more common on the right side than on left (6:1). However this patient had herniation on the left side which is quite rare. Usually asymptomatic, surgical treatment is rarely warranted unless it undergoes incarceration. Apical lung hernia though a rare entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a neck swelling.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Management of communited patellar fracture with combined Tension Band Wiring Technique and Encirclage
Authors: Desai Tarun V. , Moradiya Niravkumar P. 
Published: December 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was to evaluate functional results of combined encirclage wiring and tension band fixation in comminuted patellar fractures.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective study of 15 patients treated with this method. All fractures described herein were classified as 45-C3 (based on Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification) and were fixed with encirclage wire and tension band wire proximally looped through the quadriceps tendon and distally through the patellar ligament in a figure-of-eight configuration. Knee function was evaluated using the Rasmussen scores at final follow-up.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 13 patients gained up to 90 degrees of active flexion at the end of the first week. 4 patients had 10–15 degrees of extensor lag at the end of the first week which improved after vigorous physiotherapy and none of them had any residual extensor lag at the subsequent follow-up. Two patients developed superficial infection. All fractures united at the end of 12 weeks. One patient underwent a second surgery; due to implant related complications. Malunion or non-union was not noted in any of the cases. The average Rasmussen scores was 27.9 out of 30 (range, 27–29).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The tension band technique combined with cable encirclage for treatment of communited fractures of patella is a simple and technically less demanding operative technique producing a rigid fixation, stable osteosynthesis and minimal injury to the tendon. It can be done with easily available implants. </p>
Validation and reliability study of a ventilator usability assessment tool
Authors: Paykari A. , Mazloumi A. , Halvani G. H. , Ghaneh S. , Mashayekhi Musa 
Published: December 2018

Background: Usability is an index to assess a product from the viewpoint of users satisfaction, efficiency and productivity improvement. The main attributes of usability that are derived from the human factors are and used in usability design of the interfaces Include: compatibility, consistency, flexibility, minimal action, perceptual limitation, usefulness, learnability, ease of use, minimal memory load, user guidance, satisfaction and errors. The main aim of this study was to assess the usability of interface design tool for a ventilator utilized in the hospitals of Arak city, Iran; and study its validation and reliability.
Methods and Materials
After constructing the initial questionnaire from the standard sources, specific techniques to determine the validity, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used for the validity and reliability study. The study procedure was: determining the scope and dimensions of the questions, drafting questionnaire, assigning members of the expert panel, study, questionnaire data acquisition and analysis methods, determining acceptance criteria of the questions and the content validity and reliability index.
Results
Final tool was a 42-items questionnaire. The content validity index (CVI) of questionnaire was 0.86. The results showed that the total Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.89 as an acceptable value for the reliability of questionnaire.
Conclusion
After the final questionnaire design and the appropriate validity and reliability of it, adopting this tool to assess the usability of breathing apparatus (ventilator) is recommended. With usability assessment of such vital instruments, quality improvement, higher efficiency and productivity as well as errors reduction and good design user interface will be achieved.
Keywords: usability, ventilator, evaluation questionnaire, content validity, reliability