bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Turkic-Mongolic Lexical Relationship in View of the Leipzig–Jakarta List
Authors: Erdal Marcel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The controversy around the question of whether the so-called “Altaic” language groups are genetically related has again flared up during the recent years, with some scholars pointing at verbal morphology as the most promising base for “proving” such a relationship. However, much of the data quoted in this connection is controversial, and many of the actual parallels are clearly due to borrowing between the two language groups.
While it is a fact that Turkic and Mongolic varieties have undergone processes of phonic, morphological and syntactic convergence throughout their documented history, the issue of original “relationship” can best be approached on the basis of lexical data. The present paper is an attempt at an objective review of the lexical parallels between Turkic and Mongolic in the realm of basic vocabulary, as defined in terms of the Leipzig-Jakarta List. The result shows that the proportion of even potentially shared vocabulary items between the two language groups is too insignificant to justify the postulation of any genetic connection.
The Khitan Names of the Five Capitals
Authors: Róna-Tas András 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper surveys the Khitan names of the so-called “Five Capitals” of the Liao empire (907–1125). In this connection, the lexemes denoting the compass points (north, south, east, west) and related expressions of orientation (right, left, centre) are examined in the light of the information supplied by the relevant historical context and the extant corpus of Khitan Small Script texts. In addition, the dynastic name of the Liao empire is also discussed. The discussion reveals several previously unobserved details of linguistic, philological, historical, and cultural interest, and allows the Khitan system of orientation to be placed in the general context of comparative Mongolic studies.
A Sketch of the Earliest Mongolic Language: the Brāhmī Bugut and Khüis Tolgoi Inscriptions
Authors: Vovin Alexander 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The present article deals with the earliest known sources on a Mongolic language discovered in 2014 by the international team Dieter Maue (Germany), Mehmet Ölmez (Turkey), Étienne de La Vaissière and Alexander Vovin (both France) on two inscriptions. The importance of this discovery is three-fold: first, it gives us a glimpse of the earliest Mongolic language, predating by more than six hundred years the hitherto known earliest monument in a Mongolic language; second, in spite of the fact that the language of the inscriptions is somewhat close to Middle Mongolian, it provides the evidence of certain features that were previously only suggested for reconstructed forms of Mongolic; and finally, it significantly changes our general understanding of the mediaeval ethnolinguistic history of Central Asia.
Evaluation of AMSR-E Thin Ice Thickness Algorithm from a Mooring-Based Observation: How Can the Satellite Observe a Sea Ice Field with Nonuniform Thickness Distribution?
Authors: Kashiwase Haruhiko , Ohshima Kay I. , Fukamachi Yasushi , Nihashi Sohey , Tamura Takeshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe quantification of sea ice production in coastal polynyas is a key issue to understand the global climate system. In this study, we directly compared Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E) data with the sea ice thickness distribution obtained from a mooring observation during the winter of 2003 off Sakhalin in the Sea of Okhotsk to evaluate the algorithm for estimation of sea ice thickness in coastal polynyas. By using thermal ice thickness as a target physical quantity, we found that the obtained relationship between the polarization ratio (PR) and ice thickness can provide an appropriate AMSR-E algorithm to estimate thin ice thickness, irrespective of the uniform or nonuniform ice thickness field. The relationship between the PR value and thermal ice thickness is likewise consistent with the local PR–thickness relationship that is observed at individual ice floes. This is because both the PR value and thermal ice thickness are more sensitive to thinner ice. Furthermore, we evaluated the method for detection of active frazil in a coastal polynya by comparing with the mooring data, and subsequently modified it to classify the coastal polynya into three thin ice types, namely, active frazil, thin solid ice, and mixed ice (mixture of active frazil and thin solid ice). The improved algorithm successfully represents the thermal ice thickness even for a relatively small-scale polynya off Sakhalin and is expected to be useful for better quantification of sea ice production in the global ocean owing to its high versatility.
Classification of Attentional Tunneling Through Behavioral Indices
Authors: Kortschot Sean W. , Jamieson Greg A. 
Published: July 2019

Objective The objective of this study was to develop a machine learning classifier to infer attentional tunneling through behavioral indices. This research serves as a proof of concept for a method for inferring operator state to trigger adaptations to user interfaces. Background Adaptive user interfaces adapt their information content or configuration to changes in operating context. Operator attentional states represent a promising class of triggers for these adaptations. Behavioral indices may be a viable alternative to physiological correlates for triggering interface adaptations based on attentional state. Method A visual search task sought to induce attentional tunneling in participants. We analyzed user interaction under tunnel and non-tunnel conditions to determine whether the paradigm was successful. We then examined the performance trade-offs stemming from attentional tunnels. Finally, we developed a machine learning classifier to identify patterns of interaction characteristics associated with attentional tunnels. Results The experimental paradigm successfully induced attentional tunnels. Attentional tunnels were shown to improve performance when information appeared within them, but to hinder performance when it appeared outside. Participants were found to be more tunneled in their second tunnel trial relative to their first. Our classifier achieved a classification accuracy similar to comparable studies (area under curve = 0.74). Conclusion Behavioral indices can be used to infer attentional tunneling. There is a performance trade-off from attentional tunneling, suggesting the opportunity for adaptive systems. Application This research applies to adaptive automation aimed at managing operator attention in information-dense work domains.
Relationship of relevant factors to P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 ratio in critically ill patients
Authors: He Huaiwu , Long Yun , Liu Dawei , Tang Bo , Ince Can 
Published: July 2019

Objective This study investigated the factors related to the ratio of the venoarterial carbon dioxide tension difference [P(v-a)CO2] to the arteriovenous oxygen content difference [C(a-v)O2] (hereafter termed “Ratio”). Methods We retrospectively studied 1294 pairs of arterial and central venous blood gas measurements in 352 critically ill patients. A high Ratio was defined as > 1.68 based on published literature. Measurements were divided into four groups: Group I [P(v-a)CO2 ≤ 6 mmHg/central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) < 70%], Group II [P(v-a)CO2 ≤ 6 mmHg/ScvO2 ≥ 70%], Group III [P(v-a)CO2 > 6 mmHg/ScvO2 ≥ 70%], and Group IV [P(v-a)CO2 > 6 mmHg/ScvO2 < 70%]. Results The Ratio’s strongest correlation was with P(v-a)CO2 when compared with ScvO2 and hemoglobin in all data. The P(v-a)CO2 and ScvO2 were significantly higher and the hemoglobin and arterial oxygen saturation were significantly lower in the high Ratio measurements (>1.68) than low Ratio measurements (≤1.68). The P(v-a)CO2 was best for predicting a high Ratio. A P(v-a)CO2 threshold of 7 mmHg was associated with a sensitivity of 41.77% and specificity of 90.62% for predicting a high Ratio. Conclusions A high P(v-a)CO2 is the most relevant contributor to a high Ratio among all related factors in critically ill patients.
Experiences of older people with dementia: Homecare enablement to support transitions in daily life at home
Authors: Chung Pat 
Published: July 2019

Introduction The majority of people with dementia live at home. Homecare enablement services are considered an important short-term intervention, using a person-centred approach. Little is known about people with dementia’s perspectives of the services. This study aimed to explore the users’ experiences. Method Following ethical approval, participants who had recently used homecare enablement services were invited to participate in two semi-structured interviews through homecare enablement services’ teams within a local authority. Interviews focused on people with dementia’s narratives of the impact of homecare enablement services on their daily functioning. Overall findings were taken back to the participants at the follow-up interviews for member checking. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and analysed using grounded theory. Findings Sixteen participants with dementia and eight carers took part. Three key themes were revealed: the meaning of enablement in later life; homecare enablement services as instrumental to support transitions in daily life; and enablement through activity engagement in everyday life. Conclusion The scope of homecare enablement services is evolving to meet the requirements of the Care Act of 2014 and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines. Services’ improvements and redesign must consider the viewpoints of people with dementia.
Asymptomatic Versus Symptomatic Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in Children
Authors: Gondi Keerthi T. , Chen Kevin S. , Gratton Sean M. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a rare neurologic condition characterized by elevated intracranial pressure with normal cerebrospinal fluid analysis and neuroimaging. A subset of pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients are coincidentally found to have papilledema and elevated intracranial pressure without symptoms (eg, headache, visual blurring, tinnitus). This study aims to investigate the features of asymptomatic pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Methods: Retrospective case-control study of patients aged 0 to 18 years who received idiopathic intracranial hypertension diagnosis from 2005 to 2016. Subjects were included if they met established diagnostic criteria for idiopathic intracranial hypertension diagnosis. Subjects were classified as symptomatic if they presented with 1 symptom related to elevated intracranial pressure, and asymptomatic if no symptoms were present. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the 2 groups. Results: 12 (22.6%) of 53 pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension subjects were asymptomatic. Compared to symptomatic idiopathic intracranial hypertension, asymptomatic idiopathic intracranial hypertension had younger age of onset, lower initial opening pressure on lumbar puncture, lower optic nerve edema grades bilaterally, lower likelihood of globe flattening on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and smaller required dose of acetazolamide for resolution of papilledema (all P < .05). Conclusion: Asymptomatic idiopathic intracranial hypertension is common among pediatric patients with papilledema and is an important disease entity that requires special clinical management. It may exist as a milder version of idiopathic intracranial hypertension that occurs in younger children, or as a precursor state that later evolves into symptomatic disease.
Accuracy of Antiretroviral Prescribing in a Community Teaching Hospital: A Medication Use Evaluation
Authors: Lines Jacob , Lewis Paul 
Published: July 2019

Background: Medication errors account for nearly 250 000 deaths in the United States annually, with approximately 60% of errors occurring during transitions of care. Previous studies demonstrated that almost 80% of participants with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have experienced a medication error related to their antiretroviral therapy (ART). Objective: This retrospective chart review examines propensity and type of ART-related errors and further seeks to identify risk factors associated with higher error rates. Methods: Participants were identified as hospitalized adults ≥18 years old with preexisting HIV diagnosis receiving home ART from July 2015 to June 2017. Medication error categories included delays in therapy, dosing errors, scheduling conflicts, and miscellaneous errors. Logistic regression was used to examine risk factors for medication errors. Results: Mean age was 49 years, 76.5% were men, and 72.1% used hospital-supplied medication. For the primary outcome, 60.3% (41/68) of participants had at least 1 error, with 31.3% attributed to delays in therapy. Logistic regression demonstrated multiple tablet regimens (odds ratio [OR]: 3.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-9.48, P = .019) and serum creatinine (SCr) ≥1.5 mg/dL (OR: 8.87, 95% CI: 1.07-73.45, P = .043) were predictive for risk of medication errors. Regimens with significant drug–drug interactions (eg, cobicistat-containing regimens) were not significantly associated with increased risk of medication errors. Conclusions and Relevance: ART-related medication error rates remain prevalent and exceeded 60%. Independent risk factors for medication errors include use of multiple tablet regimens and SCr ≥1.5 mg/dL.
Design and analysis of a clinical trial using previous trials as historical control
Authors: Schoenfeld David Alan , Finkelstein Dianne M , Macklin Eric , Zach Neta , Ennist David L , Taylor Albert A , Atassi Nazem ,   The Pooled Resource Open-Access ALS Clinical Trials Consortium
Published: July 2019

Background/Aims For single arm trials, a treatment is evaluated by comparing an outcome estimate to historically reported outcome estimates. Such a historically controlled trial is often analyzed as if the estimates from previous trials were known without variation and there is no trial-to-trial variation in their estimands. We develop a test of treatment efficacy and sample size calculation for historically controlled trials that considers these sources of variation. Methods We fit a Bayesian hierarchical model, providing a sample from the posterior predictive distribution of the outcome estimand of a new trial, which, along with the standard error of the estimate, can be used to calculate the probability that the estimate exceeds a threshold. We then calculate criteria for statistical significance as a function of the standard error of the new trial and calculate sample size as a function of difference to be detected. We apply these methods to clinical trials for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using data from the placebo groups of 16 trials. Results We find that when attempting to detect the small to moderate effect sizes usually assumed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical trials, historically controlled trials would require a greater total number of patients than concurrently controlled trials, and only when an effect size is extraordinarily large is a historically controlled trial a reasonable alternative. We also show that utilizing patient level data for the prognostic covariates can reduce the sample size required for a historically controlled trial. Conclusion This article quantifies when historically controlled trials would not provide any sample size advantage, despite dispensing with a control group.
Creation of an institutional semi-independent data monitoring committee
Authors: Tannock Lisa R , Barton-Baxter Marietta , Stoops William W 
Published: July 2019

Background A major goal of the National Institutes of Health’s Clinical and Translational Science Award program is to facilitate clinical research and enhance the transition of basic to clinical research. As such, a number of Clinical and Translational Science Award centers have developed services to facilitate the conduct of clinical research, including support with fulfilling regulatory requirements. Methods The University of Kentucky sought to establish an institutional semi-independent monitoring committee to provide oversight for clinical research studies per National Institutes of Health requirements and recommendations. Our semi-independent monitoring committee was initiated in 2010. Results Since the inception of our semi-independent monitoring committee we have restructured its operations and protocols to improve efficiency. This article discusses our experiences with semi-independent monitoring committee creation and growth. Conclusion This article summarizes our experience in creating and maturing an institutional data monitoring committee.
Rheumatoid Meningitis: Clinical Characteristics, Diagnostic Evaluation, and Treatment
Authors: Parsons Angela M. , Aslam Fawad , Grill Marie F. , Aksamit Allen J. , Goodman Brent P. 
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Due to the potential for high mortality and neurologic complications of rheumatoid meningitis (RM), awaiting biopsy confirmation may delay vital treatment intervention. Our aim was to describe the clinical presentations of RM in our population and determine whether meningeal biopsy impacted diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Methods: A retrospective chart review was completed for patients at Mayo Clinic with a diagnosis of RM within the last 28 years. Those with identified alternative inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic causes of pachymeningitis or leptomeningitis were excluded. Results: Fourteen patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria were identified. All patients were positive for rheumatoid factor or cyclic citrullinated peptide. All patients had magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities characterized by pachymeningeal and/or leptomeningeal enhancement. Of the 10 patients who underwent biopsy, nonspecific findings were seen in 74%. All patients except one were treated with corticosteroids with subsequent symptomatic improvement. Radiographic improvement or resolution was seen in 10 (83%) of 12. Patients improved with corticosteroid treatment, including those who were diagnosed with RM on clinical basis without undergoing a biopsy as well. Conclusions: This retrospective review displays the myriad of clinical presentations of RM. It also suggests that with appropriate exclusion of infectious, neoplastic, and other autoimmune etiologies, biopsy may not be necessary to initiate treatment.
Patients with oral submucous fibrosis who visit dental hospitals have nonspecific chief complaints
Authors: Gadbail Amol Ramchandra , Dande Ravi , Sarode Sachin C , Gondivkar Shailesh , Belekar Lalita , Mankar-Gadbail Mugdha , Sarode Gargi S , Patil Shankargouda , Yuwanati Monal 
Published: July 2019

Background: The first consultation with a health-care professional is crucial to make the correct diagnosis particularly with respect to narrating the symptoms encountered by the patient. Yet, currently, no information is available concerning the primary symptoms documented by patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Materials and Methods: A total of 158 OSF patients visiting outdoor patient departments (OSF-OPDs) and 104 pan shop customers (PSCs) were investigated. OSF-OPD cases and relevant PSCs cases were investigated to discover the chief complaints (CCs) leading to dental visits. Detailed demographic data, patient histories concerning relevant habits (with duration), and socioeconomic status were recorded. OSF cases were graded based on the degree of mouth opening. Results: Out of 158 OSF-OPD patients, only 43 (26.58%) reported relevant disease symptoms of OSF: in stage III, 28.57%, or stage IV, 38.09%. One hundred and sixteen patients (73.41%) reported CCs unrelated to OSF, and all of these cases were diagnosed with an early stage of OSF (stage I: 47.05% and stage II: 22.5%). Out of the total 104 PSCs, 66 PSCs have had prior dental consultations, but only five (4.80%) individuals had visited a health-care professional due to OSF-related CCs. Conclusion: A significant number of CCs made by OSF patients were unrelated to their disease signs and symptoms. There is a lack of awareness of OSF symptoms by pan chewers, thus hindering early detection.
From the Finnish Experience to the Chinese Path: Review and Reflections on Chinese Research on Finnish Education
Authors: Cai Yuzhuo , Zuo Bing 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this article is (1) to provide a critical analysis of the Finnish experience of education reforms based on published Chinese research on Finnish education and (2) to discuss how such experience can serve as a model as China embarks on its own path toward educational reform. Design/Approach/Methods: This article is based on an analysis of the research on Finnish education contained in the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database from 2000 to 2017. Findings: The analysis shows that although the various aspects of Finnish education have been extensively studied in China, the content of prior studies has generally been similar and is insufficiently in depth. In particular, current research (1) lacks effective exploration of the successful experience of Finnish education reform and (2) devotes insufficient attention to the social culture perspective and core concepts that serve as the basis of education in Finland. Originality/Value: This article extends the authors’ recent review of Chinese research on Finnish education and places special emphasis on the discussions regarding how China can learn from Finland’s experience with educational reform. It also identifies gaps in the current research in the field and calls for a change in the future research agenda from examining the successful elements of Finnish education to focusing on how the experience of Finnish education is relevant to reforms in China.
The Learning Sciences in China: Historical Development and Future Trends
Authors: Zhao Jian , Yang Xiaozhe 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: This study charts the developmental history of the learning sciences (LS) in China and analyzes the direction of its future development. Design/Approach/Methods: An extensive literature review is presented to compile notable events in the development of LS in China over different periods. The findings are then systematically sorted and interpreted. Findings: This study maps the LS developmental process across three main periods: prescientific, psychological paradigm, and initial scientific paradigm. China has achieved certain initial developments in LS and has formed collaborative bodies to conduct sustained and in-depth learning research. However, the field remains at a preliminary developmental stage in China. Overall, there is still no sound mechanism for the production of new knowledge, and contributions bearing distinctive Chinese characteristics remain insufficient. Originality/Value: This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the development of LS in China. It proposes four main areas for future growth: forming a stable academic community, developing appropriate curriculum and teaching materials, creating an effective mechanism within the discipline for knowledge production, and establishing a local system of discourse for the discipline.