bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of genetic polymorphisms in serotonin transporter and catechol‐O‐methyltransferase on temporomandibular disorders and anxiety in adolescents
Authors: Brancher João Armando , Spada Paula Porto , Meger Michelle Nascimento , Fatturri Aluhe Lopes , Dalledone Mariana , de Paiva Bertoli Fernanda Mara , Deeley Kathleen , Scariot Rafaela , Vieira Alexandre Rezende , Küchler Erika Calvano , de Souza Juliana Feltrin 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundTemporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a multifactorial condition involving environmental, psychological and genetic factors.ObjectiveThe aim of this case‐control study was to evaluate the influence of genetic polymorphisms in 5HTT and COMT on TMD and anxiety in adolescents.MethodsTMD was diagnosed and classified according to the RDC/TMD criteria. For case group, the following TMD categories were used: myofascial pain, disc displacement, arthralgia and painful TMD (myofascial and arthralgia). Anxiety levels were assessed according to the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory. Genomic DNA was extracted, and genetic polymorphisms were genotyped by TaqMan chemistry and endpoint analysis. Logistic multivariate regression was used to analyse the associations between TMD types and genotypes, anxiety level and genotypes, using an adjusted odds ratio (ORa; CI 95%) that considered the gender.ResultsIn 5HTT, the rs1042173 was associated with painful TMD (arthralgia and myofascial pain) (ORc = 1.97; CI 95%: 1.02‐3.77; P = 0.04). Polymorphisms in COMT rs4818 were significantly associated with myofascial pain (ORc = 2.15; CI 95%: 1.08‐4.29; P = 0.02) and were borderline for painful TMD (ORc = 1.85; CI 95%: 0.97‐3.51; P = 0.06) and disc displacement (ORc = 2.42; CI 95%: 1.00‐5.87; P = 0.05). The rs6269 was borderline for myofascial pain (ORc = 1.82; CI 95%: 0.92‐3.59; P = 0.08) and disc displacement (ORc = 2.38; CI 95% 0.95‐5.97; P = 0.06) and also was associated with anxiety (ORa = 2.34; CI 95% 1.04‐5.25; P = 0.03).ConclusionPolymorphisms in 5HTT and COMT are associated with TMD in adolescents. Moreover, polymorphism in COMT is associated with anxiety in adolescents.
Leucine alone or in combination with glutamic acid, but not with arginine, increases biceps femoris muscle and alters muscle AA transport and concentrations in fattening pigs
Authors: Hu Chengjun , Li Fengna , Duan Yehui , Kong Xiangfeng , Yan Yingli , Deng Jinping , Tan Chengquan , Wu Guoyao , Yin Yulong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractForty‐eight Duroc × Large White × Landrace pigs with an average initial body weight of 77.09 ± 1.37 kg were used to investigate the effects of combination of leucine (Leu) with arginine (Arg) or glutamic acid (Glu) on muscle growth, free amino acid profiles, expression levels of amino acid transporters and growth‐related genes in skeletal muscle. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment groups (12 pigs/group, castrated male:female = 1:1). The pigs in the control group were fed a basal diet (13% Crude Protein), and those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1.00% Leu (L group), 1.00% Leu + 1.00% Arg (LA group) or 1.00% Leu + 1.00% Glu (LG group). The experiment lasted for 60 days. Results showed an increase (p < 0.05) in biceps femoris (BF) muscle weight in the L group and LG group relative to the basal diet group. In longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle, Lys, taurine and total essential amino acid concentration increased in the LG group relative to the basal diet group (p < 0.05). In LG group, Glu and carnosine concentrations increased (p < 0.05) in the BF muscle, when compared to the basal diet group. The Leu and Lys concentrations of BF muscle were lower in the LA group than that in the L group (p < 0.05). A positive association was found between BF muscle weight and Leu concentration (p < 0.05). The LG group presented higher (p < 0.05) mRNA levels of ASCT2, LAT1, PAT2, SANT2 and TAT1 in LD muscle than those in the basal diet group. The mRNA levels of PAT2 and MyoD in BF muscle were upregulated (p < 0.05) in the LG group, compared with those in the basal diet group. In conclusion, Leu alone or in combination with Glu is benefit for biceps femoris muscle growth in fattening pig.
Gut‐focused hypnotherapy for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Evidence‐base, practical aspects, and the Manchester Protocol
Authors: Vasant Dipesh H. , Whorwell Peter J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite their high prevalence and advances in the field of neurogastroenterology, there remain few effective treatment options for functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). It is recognized that approximately 25% of sufferers will have symptoms refractory to existing therapies, causing significant adverse effects on quality of life and increased healthcare utilization and morbidity. Gut‐focused hypnotherapy, when delivered by trained therapists, has been shown to be highly effective in severe refractory FGIDs. However, hypnotherapy continues to be surrounded by much misunderstanding and skepticism.PurposeThe purpose of this review is to provide a contemporary overview of the principles of gut‐focused hypnotherapy, its effects on gut‐brain interactions, and the evidence‐base for its efficacy in severe FGIDs. As supplementary material, we have included a hypnotherapy protocol, providing the reader with an insight into the practical aspects of delivery, and as a guide, an example of a script of a gut‐focused hypnotherapy session.
Bone fill following secondary alveolar bone grafting for children with cleft of the alveolus in New Zealand
Authors: Fowler Peter V. , Al‐Ani Azza H. , Thompson John M. D. 
Published: February 2019

Structured AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the amount of bone fill post‐secondary alveolar bone grafting for children with cleft in New Zealand.Settings and Sample PopulationRetrospective analysis of post‐operative intra‐oral periapical and upper anterior occlusal radiographs of 45 grafted sites where all grafting was undertaken within the New Zealand public hospital service.Materials and MethodsA modified Kindelan Index and a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to assess the amount of bone fill using intra‐oral radiographs by 4 orthodontists experienced in cleft care and who were blind to the patient's identity. Fourteen duplicated radiographs were randomly selected and added to the sample for reliability assessment.ResultsThe Kindelan Index rated 37.8% Grade 1 (Good), 31.1% rated Grade 2 (Satisfactory), 22.2% rated Grade 3 (Unsatisfactory) and 8.9% Grade 4 (Failure), a combined unsatisfactory/failure rate of 31.1%. The average VAS score was 50 mm ± 24 mm, and there was a strong relationship between Kindelan and VAS assessments.Those patients aged 10‐11 years had significantly better outcomes using both assessments compared to those aged <10 and >11. The VAS assessment found that higher caseload surgeons had better outcomes, although the difference was of borderline statistical significance (mean VAS 56 mm vs 44 mm P = 0.07).ConclusionsContemporary secondary alveolar bone grafting bone fill outcomes in New Zealand are poor when compared to contemporary international studies. These findings indicate a review of secondary bone grafting is required to improve outcomes for New Zealand children with cleft.
Nursing curriculum through a social justice lens: An upstream approach
Authors: Reichlin Rachel , Peltier Mat , Raether Erin , Polonsky Sara 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article describes a one‐day seminar rooted in critical interactionism for nursing students in a diverse urban setting in the United States. The authors are registered nurses and members of Nurses for Social Justice (NSJ)—a loose network of nurses and nursing students committed to societal change. Informed by the history of NSJ and larger social justice movements, the authors intentionally incorporate their personal experiences and offer an example of how nursing education can improve health at the micro and macro levels. The seminar starts with introductions and creating a safe space for authentic engagement. Students are guided to connect with their own journey to nursing and the experiences that have shaped their identities, including being oppressed and privileged. The lack of diversity within the nursing workforce and various nursing roles along the continuum of care are discussed. Case‐based scenarios are presented where students explore leveraging their power and privilege to effectively partner with individuals and communities. In closing, lessons learned are shared through a group activity that uses the ecologic model. Recommendations are made to equip nursing students with tools to better understand their role in the broader context of health.
Phototherapy‐induced elevation of serum level of melanoma inhibitory activity
Authors: Datz Elisabeth , Zeman Florian , Koller Michael , Szeimies Rolf‐Markus , Berneburg Mark , Landthaler Michael , Bosserhoff Anja K. , Karrer Sigrid 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundPhototherapy is a frequently used treatment modality for a variety of dermatologic diseases. UV radiation has different effects on the skin, for example increased production and release of cytokines and other proteins, and is involved in the initiation and progression of skin cancer. Objective of this clinical trial was to investigate potential systemic effects of UV phototherapy on cytokine profiles in blood.MethodsIn a prospective, mono‐centric, one‐armed study, the serum levels of the melanoma tumour marker “melanoma inhibitory activity” (MIA), Il‐1α, Il‐4, Il‐6, Il‐10, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ of 115 patients with different skin diseases were compared before and 24‐48 hours as well as 2‐4 weeks after the first phototherapy with PUVA (psoralen and ultraviolet A), UVA or UVB, or both. Data were analysed using linear mixed models.ResultsEstimated marginal means of MIA levels were 6.05 ng/mL (95%‐CI: 5.37‐6.72, range: 2.83‐14.49) before the first treatment, which had significantly increased to 6.79 ng/mL 2‐4 weeks after the first phototherapy (CI 95%: 6.12‐7.47, range: 3.09‐15.45; P = 0.0042). MIA levels 2‐4 weeks after the first phototherapy were significantly higher than 24‐48 hours after the first phototherapy (P = 0.0083). 2‐4 weeks after the first treatment, TNF‐α levels had decreased significantly (P = 0.033) more in patients with psoriasis who had responded well to phototherapy than in patients unresponsive to treatment. Serum levels of the other cytokines had not changed significantly.ConclusionsShort‐term phototherapy significantly increased the serum levels of the melanoma tumour marker MIA. The potential clinical relevance of these findings (ie an increased risk of melanoma) is unclear and should be further investigated.
Protein arrangement factor: a new photosynthetic parameter characterizing the organization of thylakoid membrane proteins
Authors: Konert Grzegorz , Steinbach Gabor , Canonico Myriam , Kaňa Radek 
Published: February 2019

A proper spatial distribution of photosynthetic pigment‐protein complexes – PPCs (photosystems, light‐harvesting antennas) is crucial for photosynthesis. In plants, photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII) are heterogeneously distributed between granal and stromal thylakoids. Here we have described similar heterogeneity in the PSI, PSII and phycobilisomes (PBSs) distribution in cyanobacteria thylakoids into microdomains by applying a new image processing method suitable for the Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 strain with yellow fluorescent protein‐tagged PSI. The new image processing method is able to analyze the fluorescence ratios of PPCs on a single‐cell level, pixel per pixel. Each cell pixel is plotted in CIE1931 color space by forming a pixel‐color distribution of the cell. The most common position in CIE1931 is then defined as protein arrangement (PA) factor with xy coordinates. The PA‐factor represents the most abundant fluorescence ratio of PSI/PSII/PBS, the ‘mode color’ of studied cell. We proved that a shift of the PA‐factor from the center of the cell‐pixel distribution (the ‘median’ cell color) is an indicator of the presence of special subcellular microdomain(s) with a unique PSI/PSII/PBS fluorescence ratio in comparison to other parts of the cell. Furthermore, during a 6‐h high‐light (HL) treatment, ‘median’ and ‘mode’ color (PA‐factor) of the cell changed similarly on the population level, indicating that such microdomains with unique PSI/PSII/PBS fluorescence were not formed during HL (i.e. fluorescence changed equally in the whole cell). However, the PA‐factor was very sensitive in characterizing the fluorescence ratios of PSI/PSII/PBS in cyanobacterial cells during HL by depicting a 4‐phase acclimation to HL, and their physiological interpretation has been discussed.
Management practices and SME performance
Authors: Forth John , Bryson Alex 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe examine the association between management practices and SME performance in Britain over the period 2011–2015, using a unique dataset which links survey data on management practices with firm performance data from the UK's official business register. We find that SMEs are less likely to use formal management practices than larger firms. However, such practices appear to have demonstrable benefits for those SMEs who use them, being positively associated with firm survival, growth and productivity. Our results add further weight to policy initiatives which seek to encourage SMEs to improve their management skills and capabilities.
Electrophysiology equipment for reliable study of kHz electrical stimulation
Authors: FallahRad Mohamad , Zannou Adantchede Louis , Khadka Niranjan , Prescott Steven A. , Ratté Stéphanie , Zhang Tianhe , Esteller Rosana , Hershey Brad , Bikson Marom 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCharacterizing the cellular targets of kHz (1–10 kHz) electrical stimulation remains a pressing topic in neuromodulation because expanding interest in clinical application of kHz stimulation has surpassed mechanistic understanding. The presumed cellular targets of brain stimulation do not respond to kHz frequencies according to conventional electrophysiology theory. Specifically, the low‐pass characteristics of cell membranes are predicted to render kHz stimulation inert, especially given the use of limited‐duty‐cycle biphasic pulses. Precisely because kHz frequencies are considered supra‐physiological, conventional instruments designed for neurophysiological studies such as stimulators, amplifiers and recording microelectrodes do not operate reliably at these high rates. Moreover, for pulsed waveforms, the signal frequency content is well above the pulse repetition rate. Thus, the very tools used to characterize the effects of kHz electrical stimulation may themselves be confounding factors. We illustrate custom equipment design that supports reliable electrophysiological recording during kHz‐rate stimulation. Given the increased importance of kHz stimulation in clinical domains and compelling possibilities that mechanisms of actions may reflect yet undiscovered neurophysiological phenomena, attention to suitable performance of electrophysiological equipment is pivotal.
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All mixed up: Pb isotopic constraints on the transit of sands through the Mississippi-Missouri River drainage basin, North America
Authors: Blowick Aoife , Haughton Peter , Tyrrell Shane , Holbrook John , Chew David , Shannon Patrick 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPb isotope data from over 2400 detrital K-feldspars in >50 modern sands sampled across the Mississippi-Missouri River drainage basin of North America have been collected in order to construct the first basin-wide provenance model using geochemical signals in a framework, rather than an accessory, mineral. This study represents a critical initial step in understanding the long-term routing of framework sand grains through the Mississippi-Missouri River drainage basin.Four unique Pb isotopic groups, otherwise petrographically and geochemically indistinguishable, are identifiable. Source comparisons reveal two groups corresponding to the Archean Superior and Wyoming terranes to the north of the catchment. The remaining two Pb groups represent a mixture of Appalachian, Grenville and older Granite-Rhyolite, and Yavapai-Mazatzal sourced-grains in the east of the catchment, with noteworthy input from Cenozoic volcanic rocks along the western fringe of the catchment to tributaries west of the Mississippi River, confirming prior assertions of zircon recycling in the lower drainage basin.Tracing suites of Pb isotopic groups provide a detailed map of previously undocumented tributary mixing and reveals the importance of long-lived, naturally formed impoundments in the Upper Mississippi River, which locally sequester and release sand. Tentative proportioning of sediment contributions to the terminus of the Mississippi River from individual tributaries produces similar results to recent U-Pb zircon models, boding well for the use of framework grain based modeling of sediment fluxes.The study is the largest application of Pb-in-K-feldspar fingerprinting to date and advocates its potential as a new and necessary tool for constraining relative source contributions to sinks—which will have wide applicability—especially if combined with provenance information from detrital grains of varying resilience, within large drainage systems.
Gut microbiome meta-analysis reveals dysbiosis is independent of body mass index in predicting risk of obesity-associated CRC
Authors: Greathouse K Leigh , White James Robert , Padgett R Noah , Perrotta Brittany G , Jenkins Gregory D , Chia Nicholas , Chen Jun 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveObesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), accounting for more than 14% of CRC incidence. Microbial dysbiosis and chronic inflammation are common characteristics in both obesity and CRC. Human and murine studies, together, demonstrate the significant impact of the microbiome in governing energy metabolism and CRC development; yet, little is understood about the contribution of the microbiome to development of obesity-associated CRC as compared to individuals who are not obese.DesignIn this study, we conducted a meta-analysis using five publicly available stool and tissue-based 16S rRNA and whole genome sequencing (WGS) data sets of CRC microbiome studies. High-resolution analysis was employed for 16S rRNA data, which allowed us to achieve species-level information to compare with WGS. ResultsCharacterisation of the confounders between studies, 16S rRNA variable region and sequencing method did not reveal any significant effect on alpha diversity in CRC prediction. Both 16S rRNA and WGS were equally variable in their ability to predict CRC. Results from diversity analysis confirmed lower diversity in obese individuals without CRC; however, no universal differences were found in diversity between obese and non-obese individuals with CRC. When examining taxonomic differences, the probability of being classified as CRC did not change significantly in obese individuals for all taxa tested. However, random forest classification was able to distinguish CRC and non-CRC stool when body mass index was added to the model.ConclusionOverall, microbial dysbiosis was not a significant factor in explaining the higher risk of colon cancer among individuals with obesity.
Socioeconomic inequality in functional deficiencies and chronic diseases among older Indian adults: a sex-stratified cross-sectional decomposition analysis
Authors: Singh Lucky , Goel Richa , Rai Rajesh Kumar , Singh Prashant Kumar 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesOlder adults with adverse socioeconomic conditions suffer disproportionately from a poor quality of life. Stratified by sex, income-related inequalities have been decomposed for functional deficiencies and chronic diseases among older adults, and the degree to which social and demographic factors contribute to these inequalities was identified in this study.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsData used for this study were retrieved from the WHO Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health Wave 1. A total of 3753 individuals (men: 1979, and women: 1774) aged ≥60 years were found eligible for the analysis.MeasuresInstrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) deficiency and presence of chronic diseases.MethodThe decomposition method proposed by Adam Wagstaff and his colleagues was used. The method allows estimating how determinants of health contribute proportionally to inequality in a health variable.ResultsCompared with men, women were disproportionately affected by both functional deficiencies and chronic diseases. The relative contribution of sociodemographic factors to IADL deficiency was highest among those with poor economic status (38.5%), followed by those who were illiterate (22.5%), which collated to 61% of the total explained inequalities. Similarly, for chronic diseases, about 93% of the relative contribution was shared by those with poor economic status (42.3%), rural residence (30.5%) and illiteracy (20.3%). Significant difference in predictors was evident between men and women in IADL deficiency and chronic illness.ConclusionPro-poor intervention strategies could be designed to address functional deficiencies and chronic diseases, with special attention to women.
Minimum income for healthy living and frailty in adults over 65 years old in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Watts Paul Nicholas , Blane David , Netuveli Gopalakrishnan 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo test whether minimum income for healthy living of a person aged 65 years or older (MIHL65) is associated with frailty in older adults.Design and settingSecondary analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a multiwave prospective cohort study in England, UK.ParticipantsA subset (n=1342) of English Longitudinal Study of Ageing participants, who at wave 1 in 2002 were aged 65 years or older, without any limiting long-standing illnesses, and who had the information required to calculate MIHL65in 2002, 2004 and 2006 and two measures of frailty in 2008.Main outcome measuresFrailty defined using Fried’s phenotype criteria and Rockwood’s Index of deficits.ResultsThe odds of frailty in 2008 were significantly higher for participants living below MIHL65in 2002, both on Fried’s phenotype criteria (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.57 to 4.19) and Rockwood’s Index (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.74 to 4.60). These associations remained after adjustment for age and gender for both Fried’s phenotype (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.90) and Rockwood’s Index (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.38 to 3.35). Compared with those whose income during 2002–2006 was always above MIHL65, the odds of frailty in 2008 for those below MIHL65were two-to-three times higher, with a tendency for the ORs to increase in line with the length of time spent below MIHL65(ORs (95% CIs) were: Fried’s phenotype, below MIHL65once: 2.02 (1.23 to 3.34); twice: 2.52 (1.37 to 4.62); thrice: 3.53 (1.65 to 7.55). Rockwood’s Index: once: 2.34 (1.41 to 3.86); twice: 3.06 (1.64 to 5.71); thrice: 2.56 (1.22 to 5.34)). These associations remained after adjustment for age and gender on Rockwood’s Index, but not Fried’s phenotype.ConclusionsThese results provide some support for the idea that frailty at older ages is associated with not having sufficient income to lead a healthy life.