bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social isolation and loneliness as risk factors for myocardial infarction, stroke and mortality: UK Biobank cohort study of 479 054 men and women
Authors: Hakulinen Christian , Pulkki-Råback Laura , Virtanen Marianna , Jokela Markus , Kivimäki Mika , Elovainio Marko 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo examine whether social isolation and loneliness (1) predict acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke among those with no history of AMI or stroke, (2) are related to mortality risk among those with a history of AMI or stroke, and (3) the extent to which these associations are explained by known risk factors or pre-existing chronic conditions.MethodsParticipants were 479 054 individuals from the UK Biobank. The exposures were self-reported social isolation and loneliness. AMI, stroke and mortality were the outcomes.ResultsOver 7.1 years, 5731 had first AMI, and 3471 had first stroke. In model adjusted for demographics, social isolation was associated with higher risk of AMI (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.3 to –1.55) and stroke (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.54). When adjusted for all the other risk factors, the HR for AMI was attenuated by 84% to 1.07 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.16) and the HR for stroke was attenuated by 83% to 1.06 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.19). Loneliness was associated with higher risk of AMI before (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.64) but attenuated considerably with adjustments (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.17). This was also the case for stroke (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.55 before and HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.19 after adjustments). Social isolation, but not loneliness, was associated with increased mortality in participants with a history of AMI (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.51) or stroke (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.61) in the fully adjusted model.ConclusionsIsolated and lonely persons are at increased risk of AMI and stroke, and, among those with a history of AMI or stroke, increased risk of death. Most of this risk was explained by conventional risk factors.
How should medical schools prepare medical students for leading the NHS?
Authors: Oke Simisola Elizabeth 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundGood medical leadership is vital for the delivery of high-quality patient care; however, medical education in the UK has failed to adequately reflect this. While traditional training programmes focus predominantly on preparing students to be good clinicians, they fail to prepare students to be equally good leaders.AimsPrepared for, and subsequently winning, the FMLM Medical Student Essay Prize, this paper looks to offer practical recommendations for the design of an undergraduate curriculum that will help prepare students for leading the National Health Service (NHS).MethodsUsing the four core behaviours outlined in The Leadership and Management Standards for Medical Professionals and the Medical Leadership Competency Framework, this paper derives four themes and four practical methods that can be used to integrate leadership into the undergraduate medicine programme.ResultsThere are four key themes of leadership that must be addressed within a medical leadership programme: self, team, system and responsibility. In line with these themes, four recommendations were designed: (1) self- introduce self-reflection portfolios supplemented by goal-setting exercises. (2) Team—supplement clinical placements with leadership placements which offer opportunities to shadow NHS leaders. Additionally, extend ‘Objective Structured Clinical Examinations’ to include leadership assessment stations for appraising student leadership progress. (3) Design an e-learning tool that addresses wider strategic and political issues affecting the health service. (4) Responsibility—offer service improvement projects and service auditing opportunities during placements.ConclusionThese recommendations offer medical schools realistic ways to integrate medical leadership into the curriculum, thus helping them prepare students to lead the NHS.
Gender differences in the factors predicting initial engagement at cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Galdas Paul Michael , Harrison Alexander Stephen , Doherty Patrick 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo determine whether there are gender differences in the factors that predict attendance at the initial cardiac rehabilitation baseline assessment (CR engagement) after referral.MethodsUsing data from the National Audit of Cardiac Rehabilitation, we analysed data on 95 638 patients referred to CR following a cardiovascular diagnosis/treatment between 2013 and 2016. Eighteen factors that have been shown in previous research to be important predictors of CR participation were investigated and grouped into four categories: sociodemographic factors, cardiac risk factors, patient medical status and service-level factors. Logistic binary regression models were built for male patients and female patients, assessing the likelihood for CR engagement. Each included predictors such as age, number of comorbidities and social deprivation score.ResultsThere were no important differences in the factors that predict the likelihood of CR engagement in men and women. Seven factors associated with a reduced probability of CR engagement, and eight factors associated with increased probability, were identified. Fourteen of the 15 factors identified as predicting the likelihood for engagement/non-engagement were the same for both men and women. Increasing age, being South Asian or non-white ethnicity (other than Black) and being single were all associated with a reduced likelihood of attending an initial CR baseline assessment in both men and women. Male patients with diabetes were 11% less likely to engage with CR; however, there was no significant association in women. Results showed that the overwhelmingly important determinant of CR engagement observed in both men and women was receiving an invitation to attend an assessment session (OR 4.223 men/4.033women; p<0.05).ConclusionsConsideration of gender differences in predictors of CR uptake should probably be more nuanced and informed by the stage of the patient care pathway.
SPLASH: semi-empirical prediction of landslide-generated displacement wave run-up heights
Authors: Oppikofer Thierry , Hermanns Reginald L. , Roberts Nicholas J. , Böhme Martina 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Displacement waves (or tsunamis) generated by sub-aerial landslides cause damage along shorelines over long distances, making run-up assessment a crucial component of landslide risk analysis. Although site-specific modelling provides important insight into the behaviour of potential waves, more general approaches using limited input parameters are necessary for preliminary assessments. We use a catalogue of landslide-generated displacement waves to develop semi-empirical relationships linking displacement wave run-up (
R
in metres) to distance from landslide impact (
x
in kilometres) and to landslide volume (
V
in millions of cubic metres). For individual events, run-up decreases with distance according to power laws. Consideration of ten events demonstrates that run-up increases with landslide volume, also according to a power law. Combining these relationships gives the SPLASH equation:
R
=
a

V
b

x
c

, with best-fitted parameters
a
= 18.093,
b
= 0.57110 and
c
= −0.74189. The 95% prediction interval between the calculated and measured run-up values is 2.58, meaning that 5% of the measured run-up heights exceed the predicted value by a factor of 2.58 or more. This relatively large error is explained by local amplifications of wave height and run-up. Comparisons with other displacement wave models show that the SPLASH equation is a valuable tool for the first-stage preliminary hazard and risk assessment for unstable rock slopes above water bodies.
Evidence for surface sediment remobilization by earthquakes in the Nankai forearc region from sedimentary records
Authors: Okutsu Natsumi , Ashi Juichiro , Yamaguchi Asuka , Irino Tomohisa , Ikehara Ken , Kanamatsu Toshiya , Suganuma Yusuke , Murayama Masafumi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Submarine landslides triggered by earthquakes can generate turbidity currents. Recently, several studies have reported that the remobilization of surface sediment triggered by earthquakes can also generate turbidity currents. Such sedimentary processes may be influenced by sediment characteristics, seafloor morphology and seismic motions. Here, we verify surface sediment remobilization using sedimentary records from the Nankai forearc region, SW Japan. We collected multi-core and piston core samples from a small confined basin, mainly composed of silty clay or very fine sand. Radiocaesium measurements of the multi-core show consistently high values in the upper 17 cm and low values below this depth. Rapid sediment deposition after 1950 is assumed, and the most likely cause is the 2004 off the Kii Peninsula earthquake. Based on calculations using bathymetric maps and palaeocurrent data, settlement of the upper 17 cm can be explained by redeposition of the surface (
c.
1 cm) slope sediment around the basin. Muddy turbidites are also identified in the piston core. The gap in radiocarbon age observed around 2.0 m bsf (metres below seafloor) implies similar sedimentary processes. Our study represents the first examination of surficial remobilization from sedimentary cores in the Nankai forearc region.
Assessment of the effect of mass-transport deposits on fault propagation in Penobscot area, offshore Nova Scotia
Authors: Omeru Tuviere , Bankole Samson I. , Jolly Byami A. , Seyi Obafemi S. , Omojola Joses B. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) seismic data and well logs from the Penobscot area, located within the Scotian Basin offshore Nova Scotia, are used to assess the role of mass-transport deposits (MTDs) on fault propagation. Four MTDs characterized by chaotic seismic facies were mapped, with the earliest hosted by the Late Cretaceous–Recent Dawson Canyon Formation and latest three hosted by the Banquereau Formation. Two types of faults were also mapped. R-faults are regional faults that cut across all the interpreted MTDs in the study area, while P-faults are polygonal faults that cut across MTDs 2 and 3 but tip out at the basal surfaces of MTDs 4 and 2. Representative seismic profiles and isochron maps of the MTDs and throw–depth (
T–z
) and throw–distance (
T–x
) plots allows us to distinguish the families and propagation history of the faults. Our results show that fault propagation is not affected by the presence or thickness variation of MTDs, and is also unaffected by lithological contrast in the Penobscot area of the Nova Scotian Shelf.
TagFree Activity Identification with RFIDs
Authors: Fan Xiaoyi , Gong Wei , Liu Jiangchuan 
Published: March 2018

Human activity identification plays a critical role in many Internet-of-Things applications, which is typically achieved through attaching tracking devices, e.g., RFID tags, to human bodies. The attachment can be inconvenient and considered intrusive. A tag-free solution instead deploys stationary tags as references, and analyzes the backscattered signals that could be affected by human activities in close proximity. The information offered by today's RFID tags however are quite limited, and the typical raw data (RSSI and phase angles) are not necessarily good indicators of human activities (being either insensitive or unreliable as revealed by our realworld experiments). As such, existing tag-based activity identification solutions are far from being satisfactory, not to mention tag-free. It is also well known that the accuracy of the readings can be noticeably affected by multipath, which unfortunately is inevitable in an indoor environment and is complicated with multiple reference tags.
In this paper, we however argue that multipath indeed brings rich information that can be explored to identify fine-grained human activities. Our experiments suggest that both the backscattered signal power and angle are correlated with human activities, impacting multiple paths with different levels. We present TagFree, the first RFID-based device-free activity identification system by analyzing the multipath signals. Different from conventional solutions that directly rely on the unreliable raw data, TagFree gathers massive angle information as spectrum frames from multiple tags, and preprocesses them to extract key features. It then analyzes their patterns through a deep learning framework. Our TagFree is readily deployable using off-the-shelf RFID devices and a prototype has been implemented using a commercial Impinj reader. Our extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our TagFree on activity identification in multipath-rich environments.
Exome Sequencing of Plasma DNA Portrays the Mutation Landscape of Colorectal Cancer and Discovers Mutated VEGFR2 Receptors as Modulators of Antiangiogenic Therapies
Authors: Toledo Rodrigo A. , Garralda Elena , Mitsi Maria , Pons Tirso , Monsech Jorge , Vega Estela , Otero Álvaro , Albarran Maria I. , Baños Natalia , Durán Yolanda , Bonilla Victoria , Sarno Francesca , Camacho-Artacho Marta , Sanchez-Perez Tania , Perea Sofia , Álvarez Rafael , De Martino Alba , Lietha Daniel , Blanco-Aparicio Carmen , Cubillo Antonio , Domínguez Orlando , Martínez-Torrecuadrada Jorge L. , Hidalgo Manuel 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Despite the wide use of antiangiogenic drugs in the clinical setting, predictive biomarkers of response to these drugs are still unknown.
Experimental Design: We applied whole-exome sequencing of matched germline and basal plasma cell-free DNA samples (WES-cfDNA) on a RAS/BRAF/PIK3CA wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer patient with primary resistance to standard treatment regimens, including inhibitors to the VEGF:VEGFR2 pathway. We performed extensive functional experiments, including ectopic expression of VEGFR2 mutants in different cell lines, kinase and drug sensitivity assays, and cell- and patient-derived xenografts.
Results: WES-cfDNA yielded a 77% concordance rate with tumor exome sequencing and enabled the identification of the KDR/VEGFR2 L840F clonal, somatic mutation as the cause of therapy refractoriness in our patient. In addition, we found that 1% to 3% of samples from cancer sequencing projects harbor KDR somatic mutations located in protein residues frequently mutated in other cancer-relevant kinases, such as EGFR, ABL1, and ALK. Our in vitro and in vivo functional assays confirmed that L840F causes strong resistance to antiangiogenic drugs, whereas the KDR hot-spot mutant R1032Q confers sensitivity to strong VEGFR2 inhibitors. Moreover, we showed that the D717V, G800D, G800R, L840F, G843D, S925F, R1022Q, R1032Q, and S1100F VEGFR2 mutants promote tumor growth in mice.
Conclusions: Our study supports WES-cfDNA as a powerful platform for portraying the somatic mutation landscape of cancer and discovery of new resistance mechanisms to cancer therapies. Importantly, we discovered that VEGFR2 is somatically mutated across tumor types and that VEGFR2 mutants can be oncogenic and control sensitivity/resistance to antiangiogenic drugs. Clin Cancer Res; 24(15); 3550–9. ©2018 AACR.
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and PD-L1 Expression in Pre- and Posttreatment Breast Cancers in the SWOG S0800 Phase II Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Trial
Authors: Pelekanou Vasiliki , Barlow William E. , Nahleh Zeina A. , Wasserman Brad , Lo Ying-Chun , von Wahlde Marie-Kristin , Hayes Daniel , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Gralow Julie , Tripathy Debu , Porter Peggy , Szekely Borbala , Hatzis Christos , Rimm David L. , Pusztai Lajos 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Our aim was to examine the association of pretreatment tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) count and PD-L1 levels with pathologic complete response (pCR) and assess immune marker changes following treatment in tumor specimens from the S0800 clinical trial, which randomized patients to bevacizumab + nab-paclitaxel, followed by doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC) versus two control arms without bevacizumab (varying sequence of AC and nab-paclitaxel). TILs were assessed in 124 pre- and 62 posttreatment tissues (including 59 pairs). PD-L1 was assessed in 120 pre- and 43 posttreatment tissues (including 39 pairs) using the 22C3 antibody. Baseline and treatment-induced immune changes were correlated with pCR and survival using estrogen receptor (ER) and treatment-adjusted logistic and Cox regressions, respectively. At baseline, the mean TIL count was 17.4% (17% had zero TILs, 9% had ≥50% TILs). Posttreatment, mean TIL count decreased to 11% (5% had no TILs, 2% had &gt;50% TILs). In paired samples, the mean TIL change was 15% decrease. Baseline PD-L1 was detected in 43% of cases (n = 5 in tumor cells, n = 29 stroma, n = 18 tumor + stroma). Posttreatment, PD-L1 expression was not significantly lower (33%). Higher baseline TIL count and PD-L1 positivity rate were associated with higher pCR rate even after adjustment for treatment and ER status (P = 0.018). There was no association between TIL counts, PD-L1 expression, and survival due to few events. In conclusion, TIL counts, but not PD-L1 expression, decreased significantly after treatment. Continued PD-L1 expression in some residual cancers raises the possibility that adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy could improve survival in this patient population. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(6); 1324–31. ©2018 AACR.
Convective Organization in Evolving Large-Scale Forcing Represented by a Highly Truncated Numerical Archetype
Authors: Yano Jun-Ichi , Moncrieff Mitchell W. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Considered as a prognostic generalization of mass-flux-based convection parameterization, the highly truncated nonhydrostatic anelastic model with segmentally constant approximation (NAM–SCA) is tested with time-evolving large-scale forcing. The 20-day GATE Phase III period is taken as a major data source. The main advantage of the NAM–SCA parameterization is consistency with subgrid-scale dynamics as represented by the nonhydrostatic anelastic formulation. The approach explicitly generates important dynamical structures of convection (e.g., mesoscale circulations, cold pools) spontaneously without further tuning or treatment as additional subcomponents. As with other convection parameterizations, the numerical simulation of the precipitation rate, the apparent heat source, and the apparent moisture sink is straightforward and reasonably insensitive to the numerical procedures. However, convective momentum transport by organized convection turns out to be difficult even with NAM–SCA, especially for the inherently three-dimensional shear-parallel systems. Modifications of NAM–SCA regarding the large-scale forcing formulation improves the mesoscale momentum transport. Simulation of the full 120-day TOGA COARE period demonstrates the performance of NAM–SCA in different meteorological conditions and its capacity to operate over a longer time period.
Towards ICT-enabled Land Administration System in India: A Case Study of Haryana
Authors: Navreet  , Kaur Ravneet , Bhatia Anshul 
Published: March 2018

Agriculture constitutes as the largest livelihood provider in India. Land governance is thus very important. Strategically, interventions by the state through policies and programmes at all levels of government are required for improved land governance. In order to address the complexity of land-related problems, government has introduced e-governance practices in land administration. Government of India has introduced National Land Records Modernisation Programme in order to computerise land records and registration. The State Government in Haryana has implemented the Haryana Land Registration Information System. It is complete integrated workflow automation system of land record. The services to citizens are provided through public services delivery centres ‘e-Disha’. An attempt has been made in this article to assess the implementation of governance reforms through information and communications technology in land sector in the state of Haryana.
Coping, resilience and posttraumatic growth among Eritrean female refugees living in Norwegian asylum reception centres: A qualitative study
Authors: Abraham Ruth , Lien Lars , Hanssen Ingrid 
Published: March 2018

Background: The links between migration and health are well documented. Being a refugee exacerbates migrants’ vulnerability through trauma and loss. The aim of this study is to identify sources of resilience, coping and posttraumatic growth in female Eritrean refugees living in Norwegian asylum reception centres. Method: The study had a qualitative, descriptive and explorative design with two focus group interviews and 10 individual in-depth interviews. Participants included 18 female Eritrean refugees aged 18–60, who had obtained refugee status and were still living in an asylum reception centre. A content-focused hermeneutic analytic approach was used. Results: Interviewees described the challenges of pre-flight and flight trauma, conditions at the refugee centre, communication difficulties and the ‘endless’ waiting for transfer to a municipality. To cope, they found it helpful to focus on the future and to think positively. Fellowship with and support from fellow Eritrean refugees were essential as they became a proxy family and provided a strong ethnic identity. Their religious belief also helped them cope and gave them hope for the future. Discussion: The interviewees in this study perceived their psychological problems as a normal reaction to what they had been through. Religious belief was an important resilience factor, as was social support, especially from peers. Conclusion: The interviewees’ coping was based on the realization of their psychological reactions being normal while doing their utmost to focus on their aims and hopes for the future.
Reducing Surgical Revisions in Intracranial Complications of Pediatric Acute Sinusitis
Authors: Gitomer Sarah A. , Zhang Wei , Marquez Lucila , Chandy Binoy M. 
Published: March 2018

Objective(1) To describe the demographics and clinical course of children with intracranial complications of sinusitis. (2) To elucidate factors that predict revision surgery in this population, such as type of initial surgery.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care academic children's hospital.Subjects and MethodsA 15‐year retrospective review identified 71 patients with intracranial complications of acute sinusitis. Primary outcome was need for revision surgery. Secondary outcomes were readmission, length of hospitalization, and long‐term complications.ResultsThis study is the largest to date examining this disease process. Overall, 69 (97%) patients had surgery; 33 (46%) required revision surgery. Half of the patients with frontal sinus opacification underwent frontal sinus surgery at presentation (endoscopic, trephination, or cranialization). There was no difference in revision surgery between patients who had frontal sinus surgery and those who did not. Patients with frontal sinus surgery did not have a higher rate of complications or chronic sinusitis (P >. 05). Subdural abscess was associated with multiple surgical procedures (odds ratio, 20.0; P <. 01). Thirty‐four patients (49%) required neurosurgery. These patients had a longer length of stay (odds ratio, 11.0; P <. 01) and a higher readmission rate (P =. 02). During the mean 92‐month follow‐up, 22 patients (33%) had long‐term complications, and there was 1 death (1.4%).ConclusionAlmost half of this cohort required multiple surgical procedures. In particular, patients with subdural abscess had significantly higher rates of revision surgery. Type of frontal sinus surgery was not correlated with need for revision surgery and was not associated with an increased rate of complications.