bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemoroit Tedavisinde Lastik Band Ligasyon Sonuçlarımız
Authors: ÇAY Ferhat , KANAT Burhan Hakan , GİRGİN Mustafa 
Published: February 2018

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı Ocak
2015 – Ocak 2016 tarihleri arasında kliniğimizde hemoroit şikayeti nedeniyle
Lastik Band Ligasyon (LBL) yöntemi uygulanan hastaları retrospektif olarak
taramaktır. Materiyal Metot: Geriye dönük
olarak Ocak 2015 – Ocak 2016 tarihleri arasında kliniğimizde hemoroid şikayeti
nedeniyle LBL uygulanan hastaların kayıtları incelendi. Verileri eksik olan
veya tam olarak kayıtlarına ulaşılamayan hastalar çalışmaya alınmadı. Bulgular: Polikliniğimizde 25
hastaya lastik band ligasyonu uygulandı. İki hastanın verilerine tam
ulaşılamadığı için çalışma 23 hasta üzerinden yapıldı. Hastalardan 10’ u kadın, 13’ ü erkekti. Yaş ortalaması
33,4 (18-67) idi. LBL semptomatik 2. ve 3. derece hemoroidal hastalığı olan ve
cerrahi dışı yöntemlerle tedavi olmak isteyen hastalara uygulandı. 15 hastada
grade 2, 8 hastamızda grade 3 hemoroit pakesine işlem yapıldı. 16 hastada ( %
69) kanama, 6 hastada (% 14) prolapsus,
8 hastada (% 53) dışkılama zorluğu, 14 hastada (% 61 ) ağrı ve 11 hastada da (%
49) kaşıntı şikayetleri vardı. LBL uyguladığımız hastalarımızdan 1 olguda ağrı
ve 1 olguda da minimal kanama gözlendi.

Sonuç: Sonuç olarak LBL
yönteminin güvenli, etkili, kolay uygulanabilen bir yöntem olması ve ayaktan
tedavi protokolü olduğu için hemoroitin cerrahi dışı tedavilerinden en sık
kullanılan tedavi yöntemidir. Fakat bu yöntemin uygulanma sonrasında düşen hemoroit
pakesinin mikroskopik tetkikinin yapılamaması bir dezavantaj olarak görülebilir.
Perlindungan Privasi dan Data Pribadi Konsumen Daring Pada Online Marketplace System
Authors: Indriyani Masitoh 
Published: February 2018

Online marketplace system merupakan satu diantara bentuk perkembangan aktifitas e-commerce. Online marketplace system menyediakan sarana aktifitas belanja secara daring dimana memuat berbagai layanan untuk mempermudah konsumen daring (e-consumer). Disisi lain, layanan yang mempermudah tersebut terdapat memberikan potensi ancaman bagi konsumen daring terutama terkait dengan data pribadi dan privasi konsumen daring tersebut. Penelitian ini membahas tentang perlindungan data pribadi dan privasi e-consumer pada online marketplace system dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif (legal research). Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Statute Approach, Conceptual Approach, Case Approach serta Comparative Approach. Hasil dari penelitian ini tampak bahwa perkembangan e-commerce di Indonesia telah berjalan sedemikian pesat, setidaknya Negara mendorong lahirnya start up baru yang dapat memanfaatkan pelbagai program, salah satunya adaalah “1000 technopreuner” serta ada program-program lainnya. Namun, hal tersebut tidak akan berjalan efektif tanpa adanya perlindungan hukum yang memadai, khususnya terkait hak privasi dari konsumen. Di dalam regulasi nasional saat ini terdapat UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang ITE, PP Nomor 28 tahun 2012 tentang Penyelenggaraan Sistem dan Transaksi Elektronik. Dengan dua regulasi hukum tersebut Kemenkominfo dapat melakukan pendaftaran dan pendataan bagi pelaku usaha e-commerce melalui serangkaian proses profiling dan report databased agar konsumen terhindar dari penipuan yang dilakukan oknum yang tidak bertanggungjawab Kata kunci: perlindungan hukum, data pribadi, privasi, e-commerce, online marketplace system
Trend Analysis of the Value Added Tax in Nepal
Authors: Sutihar Deo Narayan 
Published: February 2018

<p>Value added tax (VAT) is the recent one of the sales tax family. This article tries to estimate the share of VAT in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), total tax revenue and indirect tax revenue. Besides, it also estimates the growth rate of VAT. This comprises 2.80 percent and 16.01 percent share of GDP in fiscal year 2000/01 and 2014/15 respectively. It also ranges from 30.69 percent to 37.63 percent share of tax revenue. Likewise, its share ranges from39.94 percent to 50.05 percent. The regression equation has been used to estimate annual growth rate of VAT. The estimate of the annual growth rate of VAT is found to be Rs.6.63billion. From this result, it is obvious that VAT has been increased by Rs. 6.63 billion annually during study period of the fifteen years. The coefficient of determination (R2) shows 87.76% of the total variation in VAT is explained by the variation in time variable. Similarly, the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) exhibits that 86.82% of the total variance in VAT is explained by the variance in time variable. The calculated value of F-distribution is found to be 93.204, which is greater than critical value of F i.e. F0.05 (1,13)=4.67. It is significant at 5% level, which exhibits the best fitted regression line. From the statistical analysis, the value of autocorrelation is found to be 0.54 and its d-statistic is also found, which is significant at 5 percent level. Thus, the analysis justifies that there is a positive autocorrelation among error terms. To remove the autocorrelation, the transformation data have been used. But, the value of autocorrelation is not found corrected which needs by incorporating other important explanatory variables to further research.</p><p> <strong><em>Economic Literature</em></strong><em>, </em>Vol. XIII August 2016, page 1-8</p><p> </p>
Impact of Remittance on Household Income, Consumption and Poverty Reduction of Nepal
Authors: Bam Nirajan , Thagurathi Rajesh Kumar , Neupane Deepak 
Published: February 2018

<p>The study aims to identify the impact of remittance income on household per capita income, consumption, poverty headcount ratio and poverty gap by using simple linear and log linear regression model furthermore it focused on to identify the gap of income and consumption level of upper and poor quintile population and compare the income and consumption level of different development region of Nepal by using data of Nepal living standard survey III.It was found that,remittance income has statistically significant positive impact on household per capita income and consumption.There is significant negative relationship between remittance income and proportion of poor quintile population and significant positive relationship between remittance income and richest quintile population. It indicates that due to remittance income lower quintile population was decreased significantly and richest quintile population was increased significantly. Furthermore there is inverse relationship between remittance and poverty head count ratio and poverty gap, which indicates increment on average per capita remittance income reduce the poverty headcount ratio and poverty gap.</p><p> <strong><em>Economic Literature</em></strong><em>, </em>Vol. XIII August 2016, page 1-8</p><p> </p>
Household Economies of Chepang People in Chitwan
Authors: Sharma Ganesh , Aryal Badri 
Published: February 2018

<p>This study attempts to characterize a typical Chepang community in Chitwan district with reference to their economy at household level based on the study conducted in Lothar Village Development Committee. Chepang are considered to be one of the highly marginalized communities in Nepal having traditional subsistence based small economies. Their houses are small with mud floor, stone walls and straw roofs. One third of the Chepang households do not have toilets. They rear small number of mixed livestocks in a house eg. Cattle, buffaloes, poultry, goat and pig. They do not have household amenities like freeze, telephone, television, computer, motorcar and motorbike; but have mobile phones. More than ninty percent of Chepang go to jungle to collect one or the other types of edibles like githavyakur, wild fruits, and chiuri.Ninty five percent of Chepang people do not have bank account, thus rely on their friends and relatives for borrowing in household needs for money. Chi-square test reveals highly significant association between size of landholding and food sufficiency months, level of education and annual income, purpose of taking loan and sources of loan; as well as estimated annual income and account holding in bank.</p><p><em> </em><strong><em>Economic Literature</em></strong><em>, </em>Vol. XIII August 2016, page 39-45</p>
The Impact of Customer Retention Strategies in the Nepalese GSM Mobile Service Providers: A Case of Pokhara City
Authors: Bir J.B.R. Subarna 
Published: February 2018

<p>The cellular industry of Nepal has grown by many folds with the influx of more mobile network providers in the market creating a hyper competition among themselves. Retaining the existing customers rather than just focusing on the regular market expansion is, therefore, becominginevitable for them to sustain. In this realm, this research carried out with the core objective of identifying and assessing the impact of customer retention strategies adopted by GSM Cellular Network companies, primarily Ncell &amp; Nepal Telecom within the locality of Pokhara, taking a sample of 192 network users as respondents within a survey based research design framework, surfaced some important findings. Five out of the six customer retention strategies so identified: Service quality, customer care services, price, loyalty enhancement programs and communications showed an association with the type of network customer use except for other service facilities which showed no association with the network types. Very few of users from Pokhara were thinking to switch over to other networks. Internet proved to be the most effective marketing strategies than other media. Service Quality and loyalty enhancement programs were found to be the most preferred customer retention strategies by the users of both networks.</p><p> <strong><em>Economic Literature</em></strong><em>, </em>Vol. XIII August 2016, page 1-8</p>
Money Supply Determinants in Nepal: A Macro Analysis
Authors: Tiwari Saraswoti 
Published: February 2018

<p>This paper analyzes the major money supply determinants in Nepal in the past 10 years from FY 2004/05 - FY 20014/15. In this study monetary base is determined by two explanatory variables (i.e. NFA and NDC) and are called the 'proximate' determinants of the base money. Among the explanatory variables, the net foreign asset (NFA) is found as better determinant than net domestic assets (NDA) in Nepalese economy. For the analysis of determinants of money multiplier (MM), the three explanatory variables i.e., reserve to total deposits ratio (r), time deposits to demand deposits ratio (t) and currency to demand deposits ratio (c) have been used. The model applied in this study shows that explanatory variable of time deposits to demand deposits ratio is the best determinant of money multiplier. The reserve money (RM) is analyzed as the best determinant of money supply, net foreign assets (NFA) is the major determinant of reserve money and time deposits to demand deposits ratio is the significant determinant of money multiplier.</p><p> <strong><em>Economic Literature</em></strong><em>, </em>Vol. XIII August 2016, page 55-60</p>
Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Calcium Hydroxide and 2% Chlorhexidine as Medicaments
Authors: Tripathi Rupan , Gautam Vanita , Pahwa V. K. , Agrhari Vikas , Batra Manu , Kumar Hemant 
Published: February 2018

INTRODUCTION: The use of intracanal medicaments help in elimination of bacteria that remain even after cleaning and shaping. This study isdone to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament against E.faecalis.MATERIAL & METHODS: Sixty extracted single-rooted human teeth were prepared with standard method. After contaminating the canals with E. Faecalis and incubated for seven days, the samples were divided into four groups (n=15). Normal saline was used as control group. The teeth in each group were treated with normal saline, calcium hydroxide and 2% chlorhexidine gel. Microbial samples were obtained from the dentinal shavings of root and colony forming units (CFU) of E.faecalis were recorded after 24hrs, 72hrs and 7 days.RESULTS: To determine the significance of the differences between the different groups, ANOVA(Analysis of variance) and Tukeys Honestly significant Difference (HSD) Post hoc test were performed. Mean CFU of calcium hydroxide group and 2% chlorhexidine group was statistically significantly different from CFU of all other groups (p<0.01).CONCLUSION: Mean CFU of calcium hydroxide was found to increase at 24 hrs and decreases at 72 hrs and 7 days.The antimicrobial efficacy 2% chlorhexidine gel was better than calcium hydroxide paste.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2017)Vol.05 No.02 Issue 16, Page: 8-11
Occupational Overuse Syndrome and its Severities in Software Professionals of Rupandehi District, Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Indra , Sharma Shanta 
Published: February 2018

INTRODUCTION: Prevalence of occupational overuse syndrome (OOS) is not new in computer professionals. Occupational overuse syndromes are diseases of the modern era and rank first among the health problems in the frequency with which they affect the quality of life. As the IT has been developed in a rapid way the different health problems are emerging in the same way which is of great concern. Some are caused by occupational exposures, and are marked with direct professional relation, or the action of harmful effects in the workplace.MATERIAL & METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted in software professionals of Rupandehi district, Nepal. Data was collected as per pretested structured Performa from 270 respondents randomly and analyzed by using SPSS, MS-excel and Chi-square test to determine associations between categorical variables.RESULTS: The results of the study showed that majority of respondents belonged to 20-30 years of age, 74.4 per cent of respondents were male and 25.6 per cent were female, major occupational overuse syndrome was headache, back pain and neck pain. Majority of respondent's (56.3%) working duration was 3-6 years and increased health problems are observed with increase in work duration.CONCLUSION: The present study concluded that majority of respondents had health problems and the major occupational overuse syndromes were headache, back pains, neck pain. Study also concludes that there is a relation between working duration and health problems, and the problems increase as the duration at work increases.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences, Vol. 5, No, 2, 2017, Page: 26-30
Irréformable Russie
Authors: Gousseïnov Rifat 
Published: February 2018

Analysing the Gorbachev / Yeltsin era, the author addresses a fundamental question : why is it that in Russia liberalising social and economic reforms always fail ? There are several answers to this question :
1 . The reformer(s) fail to take into account the hopes and aspirations of the people themselves.
2. They have no faith in society's creative ability. Hopeless dreamers and ardent idealists, they have, generation after generation (Peter the Great, Catherine the Great, Alexander II, Lenin, Gorbachev, Yeltsin / Gaidar) either been unaware of, or chosen to ignore, their people. They have posed as saviours, deserving, as they saw it, of the people's eternal gratitude. The frequently catastrophic results of their reforms force them (or their successor) to throw the reform movement violently into reverse.
3. In terms of the State's presence in the daily lives of its citizens, Russia belongs more to Asia than to Europe. This is a State that has grown too big, owns vast tracts of land, has huge industrial interests, and innovates in many areas. Its leaders very quickly realised that as the free market developed, so their power would wither away.
4. The Russian mentality (its values and behaviours) is imbued with the collecti- vist, "solidarity" ethic, as shown by the results of a study carried out in Novosibirsk in 1997. The Orthodox Church and its anti-free market stance is a further problem. As a result, the author is highly sceptical as to the prospects for the emergence of a market economy and democracy in Russia. "In our country", he pessimistically concludes, "the market economy is the end, and the means of achieving this end is to make people suffer."
Survival Analysis and Associated Factors in THAI Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis under the PD-First Policy
Authors: Changsirikulchai Siribha , Sriprach Suwannee , Thokanit Nintita Sripaiboonkij , Janma Jirayut , Chuengsaman Piyatida , Sirivongs Dhavee 
Published: February 2018

Background The peritoneal dialysis First (PD-First) policy means that PD is the first modality of dialysis chosen for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), as put forth by the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) scheme. It was initiated in Thailand in 2008. Our aim is to analyze patient survival, technique survival, and associated factors. Methods Data of PD patients from January 2008 to November 2016 were studied. We calculated patient and technique survival rates (censored for death and kidney transplantation). Factors associated with survival were analyzed by the Cox proportional hazard model. Patient and technique survival rates between 2008 – 2012 and 2013 – 2016 were compared. Results Our study included 11,477 patients. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age at initiation of PD was 54.0 (14.4) years. The level of education in 85.2% of cases was illiterate or primary school. A total of 60.9% of patients developed ESRD secondary to diabetes. The 1- to 5-year patient survival rates were 82.6, 71.8, 64.0, 58.5, and 54.0%, respectively. The first-year technique survival rate was 94.8%. The patient and technique survival rates during 2013 – 2016 were better than those seen during 2008 – 2012. Factors associated with lower patient survival rates were: female gender, increased age at start of PD, coverage with civil servant medical benefit scheme, low educational levels, and a history of diabetes. Conclusion Most patients had diabetes and low educational levels as seen in the outcomes in the previous literature. These factors impacted the survival of patients under the PD-First policy.
Prevalence-Based Targets Underestimate Home Dialysis Program Activity and Requirements for Growth
Authors: Bevilacqua Micheli U. , Er Lee , Copland Michael A. , Singh R. Suneet , Jamal Abeed , Dunne Órla Marie , Brumby Catherine , Levin Adeera 
Published: February 2018

Background Many renal programs have targets to increase home dialysis prevalence. Data from a large Canadian home dialysis pro gram were analyzed to determine if home dialysis prevalence accurately reflects program activity and whether prevalence-based assessments adequately reflect the work required for program growth. Methods Data from home dialysis programs in British Columbia, Canada, were analyzed from 2005 to 2015. Prevalence data were com pared to dialysis activity data including intakes and exits to describe program turnover. Using current attrition rates, recruitment rates needed to increase home dialysis prevalence proportions were identified. Results We analyzed 7,746 patient-years of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 1,362 patient-years of home hemodialysis (HHD). The proportion of patients on home dialysis increased by 3.34% over the ten years examined, while the number of prevalent home dialysis patients increased 2.65% per year and the number of patients receiving home dialysis at any time in the year increased 4.04% per year. For every 1 patient net home dialysis growth, 13.6 new patients were recruited. Patient turnover included higher rates of transplantation in home dialysis than facility-based HD. Overall, the proportion dialyzing at home increased from 29.3 to 32.6%. Conclusions There is high patient turnover in home dialysis such that program prevalence is an incomplete marker of total program activity. This turnover includes high rates of transplantation, which is a desirable interaction that affects home dialysis prevalence. The shortcomings of this commonly used metric are important for renal programs to consider, and better understanding of the activities that support home dialysis and the complex trajectories that home dialysis patients follow is needed
An Ultra-short Period Rocky Super-Earth with a Secondary Eclipse and a Neptune-like Companion around K2-141
Authors: Malavolta Luca , Mayo Andrew W. , Louden Tom , Rajpaul Vinesh M. , Bonomo Aldo S. , Buchhave Lars A. , Kreidberg Laura , Kristiansen Martti H. , Lopez-Morales Mercedes , Mortier Annelies , Vanderburg Andrew , Coffinet Adrien , Ehrenreich David , Lovis Christophe , Bouchy Francois , Charbonneau David , Ciardi David R. , Cameron Andrew Collier , Cosentino Rosario , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Damasso Mario , Dressing Courtney D. , Dumusque Xavier , Everett Mark E. , Figueira Pedro , Fiorenzano Aldo F. M. , Gonzales Erica J. , Haywood Raphaëlle D. , Harutyunyan Avet , Hirsch Lea , Howell Steve B. , Johnson John Asher , Latham David W. , Lopez Eric , Mayor Michel , Micela Giusi , Molinari Emilio , Nascimbeni Valerio , Pepe Francesco , Phillips David F. , Piotto Giampaolo , Rice Ken , Sasselov Dimitar , Ségransan Damien , Sozzetti Alessandro , Udry Stéphane , Watson Chris 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Ultra-short period (USP) planets are a class of low-mass planets with periods shorter than one day. Their origin is still unknown, with photo-evaporation of mini-Neptunes and in situ formation being the most credited hypotheses. Formation scenarios differ radically in the predicted composition of USP planets, and it is therefore extremely important to increase the still limited sample of USP planets with precise and accurate mass and density measurements. We report here the characterization of a USP planet with a period of 0.28 days around K2-141 (EPIC 246393474), and the validation of an outer planet with a period of 7.7 days in a grazing transit configuration. We derived the radii of the planets from the K2 light curve and used high-precision radial velocities gathered with the HARPS-N spectrograph for mass measurements. For K2-141b, we thus inferred a radius of 1.51 ± 0.05 R

and a mass of 5.08 ± 0.41 M

, consistent with a rocky composition and lack of a thick atmosphere. K2-141c is likely a Neptune-like planet, although due to the grazing transits and the non-detection in the RV data set, we were not able to put a strong constraint on its density. We also report the detection of secondary eclipses and phase curve variations for K2-141b. The phase variation can be modeled either by a planet with a geometric albedo of 0.30 ± 0.06 in the Kepler bandpass, or by thermal emission from the surface of the planet at ∼3000 K. Only follow-up observations at longer wavelengths will allow us to distinguish between these two scenarios.
The Magnetic Effect on Dynamical Tide in Rapidly Rotating Astronomical Objects
Authors: Wei Xing 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
By numerically solving the equations of rotating magnetohydrodynamics, we study the magnetic effect on dynamical tide. We find that a magnetic field has a significant impact not only on the flow structure, i.e., the internal shear layers in a rotating flow can be destroyed in the presence of a moderate or stronger magnetic field (in the sense that the Alfvén velocity is at least of the order of 0.1 of the surface rotational velocity), but also on the dispersion relation of waves excited by tidal force such that the range of tidal resonance is broadened by a magnetic field. A major result is that the total tidal dissipation scales as a square of the field strength, which can be used to estimate the strength of the internal magnetic field in the astronomical object of a binary system. Moreover, with a moderate or stronger field, the ratio of magnetic dissipation to viscous dissipation is almost inversely proportional to the magnetic Prandtl number (i.e., the ratio of viscosity to magnetic diffusivity); thus, in the astrophysical situation at a small magnetic Prandtl number magnetic dissipation dominates over viscous dissipation with a moderate or stronger field.