bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception of domestic risks among carers for dependent older persons
Authors: Monfort Emmanuel , Gandit Marc , Poulet Caroline , Quillion‐Dupré Lisa , Boudin Bertrand , Couturier Pascal 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundDespite growing interest for home care, little evidence exists on the perception of domestic risk among carers for dependent older persons. This study aims to characterize the risks to which carers of aging dependent individuals are exposed, and to determine whether these risk dimensions are predictive for effective support, for burden, and for psychological distress.MethodsSeventy care partners were questioned about the risk situations identified at the homes of the old people they care for, about the burden they felt in their role, and about their feelings of psychological distress. Securing was evaluated by means of sensibility measures, and overprotection was evaluated by means of specificity measures.ResultsRisk rates were high for loneliness of the old people, wandering, burns, and unsatisfactory health monitoring. There was very little overlap between identification of the risks and implementation of solutions by the caregiver, except for the risks that involved heat. The distinction between accurate securing and overprotection is especially important, because the burden of care partners was linked to uncontrolled domestic risks.ConclusionTypologies of reactions to risk, characterized by a signal detection approach, could contribute to a better understanding of the situations experienced by care partners, especially situations of neglect and of overprotection.
Spatio‐temporal expression dynamics differ between homologues of flowering time genes in the allopolyploid Brassica napus
Authors: Jones D. Marc , Wells Rachel , Pullen Nick , Trick Martin , Irwin Judith A. , Morris Richard J. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPolyploidy is a recurrent feature of eukaryotic evolution and has been linked to increases in complexity, adaptive radiation and speciation. Within angiosperms such events have occurred repeatedly in many plant lineages. Here we investigate the retention and spatio‐temporal expression dynamics of duplicated genes predicted to regulate the floral transition in Brassica napus (oilseed rape, OSR). We show that flowering time genes are preferentially retained relative to other genes in the OSR genome. Using a transcriptome time series in two tissues (leaf and shoot apex) across development we show that 67% of these retained flowering time genes are expressed. Furthermore, between 64% (leaf) and 74% (shoot apex) of the retained gene homologues show diverged expression patterns relative to each other across development, suggesting neo‐ or subfunctionalization. A case study of homologues of the shoot meristem identity gene TFL1 reveals differences in cis‐regulatory elements that could explain this divergence. Such differences in the expression dynamics of duplicated genes highlight the challenges involved in translating gene regulatory networks from diploid model systems to more complex polyploid crop species.
A positive‐charged patch and stabilized hydrophobic core are essential for avirulence function of AvrPib in the rice blast fungus
Authors: Zhang Xin , He Dan , Zhao Yanxiang , Cheng Xilan , Zhao Wensheng , Taylor Ian A. , Yang Jun , Liu Junfeng , Peng You‐Liang 
Published: July 2018

SummaryFungal avirulence effectors, a key weapon utilized by pathogens to promote their infection, are recognized by immune receptors to boost host R gene‐mediated resistance. Many avirulence effectors share sparse sequence homology to proteins with known functions, and their molecular and biochemical functions together with the evolutionary relationship among different members remain largely unknown. Here, the crystal structure of AvrPib, an avirulence effector from Magnaporthe oryzae, was determined and showed a high degree of similarity to the M. oryzae Avrs and ToxB (MAX) effectors. Compared with other MAX effectors, AvrPib has a distinct positive‐charge patch formed by five positive‐charged residues (K29, K30, R50, K52 and K70) on the surface. These five key residues were essential to avirulence function of AvrPib and affected its nuclear localization into host cells. Moreover, residues V39 and V58, which locate in the hydrophobic core of the structure, cause loss of function of AvrPib by single‐point mutation in natural isolates. In comparison with the wild‐type AvrPib, the V39A or V58A mutations resulted in a partial or entire loss of secondary structure elements. Taken together, our results suggest that differences in the surface charge distribution of avirulence proteins could be one of the major bases for the variation in effector–receptor specificity, and that destabilization of the hydrophobic core is one of the major mechanisms employed by AvrPib for the fungus to evade recognition by resistance factors in the host cell.
Comparison of Enterprise Point‐of‐Care and Nova Biomedical Critical Care Xpress analyzers for determination of arterialpH, blood gas, and electrolyte values in canine and equine blood
Authors: Elmeshreghi Taher N. , Grubb Tamara L. , Greene Stephen A. , Ragle Claude A. , Wardrop Jane A. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundPoint‐of‐care analyzers can provide a rapid turnaround time for critical blood test results. Agreement between the Enterprise Point‐of‐Care (EPOC) and bench‐top laboratory analyzers is important to determine the clinical reliability of theEPOC.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was (1) to evaluate the precision (repeatability) of blood gas values measured by theEPOCand (2) to determine the level of agreement between theEPOCand Nova Critical Care Express (NovaCCX) for the assessment of arterialpH, blood gases, and electrolyte variables in canine and equine blood.MethodsArterial blood samples from dogs were analyzed on theEPOCand NovaCCXanalyzers to determine precision and agreement ofpH, PaCO2, PaO2, andHCT. The same analytes plus Na+, K−, and Cl−were analyzed for agreement using equine blood. Statistical analyses included assessment of precision using the coefficient of variation (CV%), and agreement using the Deming regression, Pearson correlation, and Bland‐Altman plots.ResultsBoth analyzers provided precise results ofpH, PaCO2, PaO2,andHCT, meetingCV% quality requirement values. In both species, Deming regression results were acceptable and correlation values were above 0.93 for arterialpHand blood gases, but lower for sodium and chloride. Bland‐Altman plots demonstrated varying degrees of bias, but good agreement between the 2 analyzers was seen when arterial blood gases and electrolytes were measured, except for PaCO2and Cl−.ConclusionTheEPOCanalyzer provides consistent, reliable results for canine arterial blood gas values and for equine arterial blood gas and electrolyte values. Cl−results could be acceptable with the application of a correction factor, but the PaCO2results were more variable.
Variations in death notification of nursing home residents to Australian Coroners
Authors: Ibrahim Joseph Elias , Kipsaina Chebiwot , Martin Cathy , Ranson David Leo , Bugeja Lyndal 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo examine the impact of changes to the reporting requirements in coronial legislation on the nature and frequency of nursing home resident deaths reported to Coroners.DesignNational retrospective study of a population cohort of nursing home resident deaths.SettingAccredited Australian nursing homes between July 2000 and June 2013.ParticipantsResidents who died in nursing homes accredited by the Aged Care Standards and Accreditation Agency reported to Coroners.Main outcome measuresWe explored three death-reporting models in the nursing home setting: comprehensive model, selective ‘mechanism of death’ model and selective ‘age of death’ model. These models were examined by manner of death subgroups: natural, falls-related and other external causes using the outcome measure of deaths notified to the Coroner per 1000 residents. We used an interrupted time series analysis using generalised linear regression with a negative binomial probability distribution and a log link function.ResultsThe comprehensive model showed the proportion of reportable deaths due to natural causes far exceeded those from falls and other external cause. In contrast, the selective notification models reduced the total number of reportable deaths. Similarly, the selective ‘age of death’ model showed a decline in the reportable external cause deaths.ConclusionsVariation in the causes, locations and ages of persons whose deaths are legally required to be notified to Coroners impacts the frequency and nature of deaths of nursing home residents investigated by Coroners. This demonstrates that legislation needs to be carefully framed and applied to ensure that the prevention mandate of Coroners in Australia is to be achieved.
Recovery after unilateral knee replacement due to severe osteoarthritis and progression in the contralateral knee: a randomised clinical trial comparing daily 2000 IU versus 800 IU vitamin D
Authors: Bischoff-Ferrari Heike A , Orav E John , Egli Andreas , Dawson-Hughes Bess , Fischer Karina , Staehelin Hannes B , Rizzoli Rene , Hodler Juerg , von Eckardstein Arnold , Freystaetter Gregor , Meyer Ursina , Guggi Thomas , Burckhardt Peter , Schietzel Simeon , Chocano-Bedoya Patricia , Theiler Robert , Willett Walter C , Felson David 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo test whether daily high-dose vitamin D improves recovery after unilateral total knee replacement.MethodsData come from a 24-month randomised, double-blind clinical trial. Adults aged 60 and older undergoing unilateral joint replacement due to severe knee osteoarthritis were 6–8 weeks after surgery randomly assigned to receive daily high-dose (2000 IU) or standard-dose (800 IU) vitamin D3. The primary endpoints were symptoms (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index pain and function scores) assessed at baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months in both knees, and the rate of falls over 24 months. The secondary outcomes were sit-to-stand performance, gait speed, physical activity and radiographic progression in the contralateral knee.ResultsWe recruited 273 participants, 137 were randomised to receive 2000 IU and 136 were randomised to receive 800 IU vitamin D per day. 2000 IU vitamin D increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels to 45.6 ng/mL and 800 IU vitamin D to 37.1 ng/mL at month 24 (p<0.0001). While symptoms improved significantly in the operated knee and remained stable in the contralateral knee over time, none of the primary or secondary endpoints differed by treatment group over time. The rate of falls over 24 months was 1.05 with 2000 IU and 1.07 with 800 IU (p=0.84). 30.5% of participants in the 2000 IU and 31.3% of participants in the 800 IU group had radiographic progression in the contralateral knee over 24 months (p=0.88).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a 24-month treatment with daily 2000 IU vitamin D did not show greater benefits or harm than a daily standard dose of 800 IU among older adults undergoing unilateral total knee replacement.
Parathyroid immunohistochemistry in a 12-year-old mixed-breed dog with parathyroid adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kaiser Anna-Maria , Kempker Lena , Neiger Reto 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA 12-year-old, female, spayed, mixed-breed dog with acute lethargy, anorexia and weakness and markedly elevated total and ionised calcium concentration showed an enlarged left cranial parathyroid gland on ultrasonography of the ventral neck. Despite preoperative therapy with furosemide and calcitonin, there was no decline of plasma ionised calcium concentration. The dog deteriorated rapidly and was euthanased two days after initial presentation. Postmortem histopathology revealed parathyroid tissue with characteristics of malignancy as local and vascular invasion. Immunohistochemistry showed parathyroid hormone positive staining of these cells. Unusual clinical presentation and histopathological characteristics are discussed.
On an alternative, implicit renormalization procedure for the Casimir energy
Authors: Dubikovsky A. I. , Silaev P. K. 
Published: July 2018

We propose a procedure for the renormalization of Casimir energy that is based on the implicit versions of standard steps of renormalization procedure — regularization, subtraction and removing the regularization. The proposed procedure is based on the calculation of a set of convergent sums, which are related to the original divergent sum for the non-renormalized Casimir energy. Then, we construct a linear equation system that connects this set of convergent sums with the renormalized Casimir energy, which is a solution to this system of equations. This procedure slightly reduces the indeterminacy that arises in the standard procedure when we choose the particular regularization and the explicit form of the counterterm. The proposed procedure can be applied not only to systems with the explicit transcendental equation for the spectrum but also to systems with the spectrum that can be obtained only numerically. However, to perform the proposed procedure, we need a parameter of the system that satisfies two conditions: (i) we can obtain explicit analytical expressions (as a function of our parameter) for coefficients for all divergent and unphysical terms in divergent sum for Casimir energy; (ii) infinite value of this parameter should be the “natural” renormalization point, i.e. Casimir energy must tend to zero when parameter tends to infinity.
Is Chronic Exposure to Low-Dose Organochlorine Pesticides a New Risk Factor of T-cell Immunosenescence?
Authors: Ryu Dong-Hee , Yu Hee Tae , Kim Se-A , Lee Yu-Mi , Hong Seon-Hui , Yoon Young-Ran , Kim Dae-Jung , Kim Hyeon-Chang , Moon Hyo-Bang , Shin Eui-Cheol , Lee Duk-Hee 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background: T-cell immunosenescence, a hallmark of an aging immune system, is potentially linked to the risk of developing cancer and other aging-related diseases. Chronic infection by cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been widely studied as a risk factor for T-cell immunosenescence, but the role of persistent chemicals has never been examined. As a typical example of persistent chemicals, we evaluated whether organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are related to T-cell immunosenescence in the general population.
Methods: Serum concentrations of β-hexachlorocyclohexane, p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, and trans-nonachlor were measured in 95 Korean adults ages 30 to 64 years. T-cell immunosenescence was assessed by the frequencies of CD8+CD57+, CD8+CD28−, CD4+CD57+, and CD4+CD28− T lymphocytes in 20 mL of fresh peripheral blood.
Results: The senescence of CD8+ T lymphocytes was the most consistently associated with OCPs. For quartiles of measurements of OCPs, adjusted mean percentages of CD8+CD57+ and CD8+CD28− T lymphocytes in the CD8+ T lymphocyte population were 23.9, 27.6, 31.0, and 38.7 (Ptrend &lt; 0.01) and 25.6, 27.3, 28.0, and 35.5 (Ptrend = 0.02), respectively. When we compared the strength of the associations among OCPs, CMV IgG titer, and age, OCPs showed the strongest association with markers of immunosenescence. Importantly, the association between OCPs and immunosenescence markers was more prominent among participants without known risk factors, such as a young age or low CMV immunoglobulin G titer.
Conclusions: Chronic exposure to low-dose OCPs may be a new risk factor for T-cell immunosenescence.
Impact: T-cell immunosenescence may be one possible mechanism linking low-dose OCPs and many chronic diseases. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(10); 1159–67. ©2018 AACR.
Detection and Genotyping of HPV DNA in a Group of Unvaccinated Young Women from Colombia: Baseline Measures Prior to Future Monitoring Program
Authors: Puerto Devi , Reyes Viviana , Lozano Cristina , Buitrago Lina , Garcia Diego , Murillo Raúl H. , Muñoz Nubia , Hernandez Gustavo A. , Sanchez Laura , Wiesner Carolina , Combita Alba L. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In 2012, Colombia launched human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program for girls ages 9 to 12, and in 2013, the target age was expanded to 9 to 17 years. Monitoring the changes of HPV infection prevalence among young women has been proposed as an endpoint for early assessment of HPV vaccination programs. However, the data on HPV prevalence in young ages are very limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV infection and the distribution of genotypes in a group of nonvaccinated women ages 18 to 25 years old in three Colombian cities as baseline for the monitoring of the HPV national vaccination program. A total of 1,782 sexually active women were included. Cervical smear samples were collected to perform the Pap smear and HPV DNA detection using a Linear Array HPV assay. Of the 1,782 specimens analyzed, 60.3% were positive for any HPV type; 42.2% were positive for high-risk HPV (HR-HVP) types, and 44.4% for low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) types. Multiple and single infections were identified in 37.1% and 23.2% of samples, respectively. HR-HPV types -16, -52, and -51 were the most predominant with proportions of 11.3%, 7.92%, and 7.9%, correspondingly. The prevalence for HR-HPV 16/18 was 14.4%. HR-HPV prevalence in women with abnormal cytology (75.16%) was higher than in women with normal cytology (38.6%). In conclusion, a high prevalence of HR-HPV was observed among younger women. This HPV type-specific prevalence baseline may be used to monitor postvaccination longitudinal changes and to determine its impact on HPV-related disease incidence in Colombia population. Cancer Prev Res; 11(9); 581–92. ©2018 AACR.
High Growth Rate of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in CDKN2A-p16-Leiden Mutation Carriers
Authors: Ibrahim Isaura S. , Wasser Martin N. , Wu Yinghui , Inderson Akin , de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel Wouter H. , Morreau Hans , Hes Frederik J. , Veenendaal Roeland A. , Putter Hein , Feshtali Shirin , van Mil Anneke M. , Gruis Nelleke A. , Tollenaar Rob A. , Bergman Wilma , Bonsing Bert A. , Vasen Hans F.A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
CDKN2A-p16-Leiden mutation carriers have a 20% to 25% risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Better understanding of the natural course of PDAC might allow the surveillance protocol to be improved. The aims of the study were to evaluate the role of cystic precursor lesions in the development of PDAC and to assess the growth rate. In 2000, a surveillance program was initiated, consisting of annual MRI in carriers of a CDKN2A-p16-Leiden mutation. The study cohort included 204 (42% male) patients. Cystic precursor lesions were found in 52 (25%) of 204 mutation carriers. Five (9.7%) of 52 mutation carriers with cystic lesions and 8 (7.0%) of 114 mutation carriers without cystic lesions developed PDAC (P = 0.56). Three of 6 patients with a cystic lesion of ≥10 mm developed PDAC. The median size of all incident PDAC detected between 9 and 12 months since the previous normal MRI was 15 mm, suggesting an annual growth rate of about 15 mm/year. In conclusion, our findings show that patients with and without a cystic lesions have a similar risk of PDAC. However, cystic precursor lesions between 10 and 20 mm increase the risk of PDAC substantially. In view of the large size of the screen-detected tumors, a shorter interval of screening might be recommended for all patients. Cancer Prev Res; 11(9); 551–6. ©2018 AACR.
RORγt-Expressing Tregs Drive the Growth of Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer by Controlling IL6 in Dendritic Cells
Authors: Rizzo Angelamaria , Di Giovangiulio Martina , Stolfi Carmine , Franzè Eleonora , Fehling Hans-Joerg , Carsetti Rita , Giorda Ezio , Colantoni Alfredo , Ortenzi Angela , Rugge Massimo , Mescoli Claudia , Monteleone Giovanni , Fantini Massimo C. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Chronic inflammation drives colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) coexpressing the Th17-related transcription factor RORγt accumulate in the lamina propria of IBD patients, where they are thought to represent an intermediate stage of development toward a Th17 proinflammatory phenotype. However, the role of these cells in CAC is unknown. RORγt+FoxP3+ cells were investigated in human samples of CAC, and their phenotypic stability and function were investigated in an azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium model of CAC using Treg fate-mapping reporter and Treg-specific RORγt conditional knockout mice. Tumor development and the intratumoral inflammatory milieu were characterized in these mice. The functional role of CTLA-4 expressed by Tregs and FoxO3 in dendritic cells (DC) was studied in vitro and in vivo by siRNA-silencing experiments. RORγt expression identified a phenotypically stable population of tumor-infiltrating Tregs in humans and mice. Conditional RORγt knockout mice showed reduced tumor incidence, and dysplastic cells exhibited low Ki67 expression and STAT3 activation. Tumor-infiltrating DCs produced less IL6, a cytokine that triggers STAT3-dependent proliferative signals in neoplastic cells. RORγt-deficient Tregs isolated from tumors overexpressed CTLA-4 and induced DCs to have elevated expression of the transcription factor FoxO3, thus reducing IL6 expression. Finally, in vivo silencing of FoxO3 obtained by siRNA microinjection in the tumors of RORγt-deficient mice restored IL6 expression and tumor growth. These data demonstrate that RORγt expressed by tumor-infiltrating Tregs sustains tumor growth by leaving IL6 expression in DCs unchecked. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(9); 1082–92. ©2018 AACR.
Severe Solute Depletion in Patients with Hyponatremia Due to Diuretics Despite Biochemical Pictures Similar Than Those Observed in the Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone
Authors: Musch Wim , Decaux Guy 
Published: July 2018

<b><i>Background/AIMS:</i></b> Hyponatremia secondary to distal diuretics intake could have a biochemical picture similar to the one observed in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). In these patients, water retention is considered to be the main causal factor and solute depletion a secondary one. <b><i>Methods.</i></b> We compared the level of cation (Na + K) depletion and water balance in patients with high or low uric acid levels (&#x3c; 4 mg/dL or 238 µmol/L) or with high or low (&#x3c; 30 mg/dL or 5 mmol/L) urea levels. Data were collected from 15 consecutive patients treated in a similar way by a daily infusion of 2 L isotonic saline with potassium chloride until SNa reached at least 132 mmol/L. The same procedure was performed in 6 patients with hyponatremia due to salt depletion not related to diuretic intake. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Hyponatremia, associated with low or high uric acid level is mainly due to severe cation depletion (around 600 mmol) and not due to water retention, since body weight did not change significantly (SNa 122 ± 2.0 mEq/L). If patients were classified according to serum urea levels those with higher urea levels (≥30 mg/dL) presented with a mild increase in BW (0.84 ± 0.37 kg). In patients with salt depletion and hyponatremia not related to diuretic intake, we observe as expected an increase in BW (1.5 ± 0.3 kg) and similar cation retention with the treatment. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> We therefore suggest that diuretic induced hyponatremia with an SIADH-like biochemical profile, should be treated mainly by solute ­repletion.