bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bletilla striata promotes the healing of enterocutaneous fistula
Authors: Zhou Hong , Jin Yan , Gu Chen , Chen Yigang , Xia Jiazeng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) has long been difficult to treat in clinical settings. The current approaches, including surgery, antibiotics, and nutritional support, cannot achieve satisfactory outcomes.

Patient concerns:
A 54-year-old man presented with intermittent discharge of purulent material from the fistula of an umbilical incision post colon surgery. His symptoms did not improve after receipt of antibiotic and surgical treatment.

Diagnosis:
The patient's symptoms, radiographic findings, and pathological examination led to a diagnosis of ECF.

Interventions:
Sterilized Bletilla striata was injected into the fistula once every 3 days for a total of 6 doses.

Outcomes:
The ECF completely healed, and the patient was symptom-free after 1 month.

Lessons:
The patient's pronounced improvement and the merit of this easy-to-perform low-cost method suggest that Bletilla striata may be used by surgeons for the treatment of chronic abdominal wall fistulas.
Factors related to home discharge in malnourished community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Anada Satoshi , Matsumoto Takuya , Nakano Masaru , Yamada Satoru 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Patients who become malnourished during hospitalization because of illness or treatment often receive intervention from a nutrition support team (NST). The NST intervention not only enhances the nutritional status but also decreases medical expenses and catheter-related complications. However, the impact of the NST intervention on the home discharge of hospitalized community-dwelling older adults remains unclear. Hence, this study aims to investigate factors related to home discharge in malnourished community-dwelling older adults.
In this retrospective longitudinal cohort study, examined 191 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years (108 males; mean age: 80.9 ± 7.8 years) who received the NST intervention. All participants were categorized into two groups based on whether they were home discharged or not (home discharge group and non-home discharge group). We performed intergroup comparisons using serum albumin (Alb) as an index of the nutritional status and functional independence measure (FIM: motor and cognitive items) as an index of activities of daily living (ADL). Furthermore, we constructed a prognostic model of home discharge using the logistic regression analysis.
The home discharge group had 94 participants, with a home discharge rate of 50.8%. Baseline body mass index (BMI), motor-FIM score, and cognitive-FIM score were significantly higher in the home discharge group compared with the non-home discharge group (P = .002, P < .001, P < .001, respectively). In the home discharge group, BMI declined significantly, Alb elevated significantly, and both motor-FIM and cognitive-FIM score enhanced significantly by the completion of the NST intervention (P < .001, P < .001, P < .001, P = .005, respectively). The adjusted logistic regression analysis extracted the baseline BMI (odds ratio [OR], 1.146; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.034–1.270), baseline motor-FIM score (OR, 1.070; 95% CI: 1.036–1.105), and extent of change in the motor-FIM score (OR, 1.061; 95% CI: 1.026–1.098) as independent factors that predict home discharge.
This study highlights the significance of higher baseline BMI, higher baseline ADL level, ADL enhancements, and improvements in the nutritional status by the NST intervention in malnourished community-dwelling older adults considering home discharge.
Traditional Chinese exercise (TCE) on pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Zheng Wenjiang , Li Meichen , Hong Yu , Xie Fuqi , Yan Qian , Peng Zijing , Huang Huiting , Liao Huili , Liu Xiaohong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has the characteristics of high incidence, mortality, disability rate, and heavy economic burden. Symptomatic measures such as anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic are widely used in the treatment of COPD, and pulmonary rehabilitation has not been fully utilized. It is reported that up to 10 different kinds of Traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) are often used for treating stable COPD. There are many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews that have evaluated the efficacy of various TCEs for COPD. However, most of these studies were designed in comparison with conventional western medicine or health education. There are rarely studies to compare different TCEs head to head. Therefore, there remains uncertainty regarding the comparative efficacy among different TCEs. Thus, we plan to conduct a systematic review and Network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the efficacy among 5 different TCEs and rank their benefits relative to each other. It is hoped that the findings of this study will facilitate the management and application of TCEs in the treatment of COPD.

Methods:
A systematic and comprehensive literature search will be performed from inception to April 2019 in both English and Chinese databases, involving Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, and Chongqing VIP information. RCTs related to TCE in the treatment of COPD will be included. Quality of included trials will be assessed according to the risk of bias tool of Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0. The GRADE approach will be used to rate the certainty of the evidence of estimates derived from NMA. Data analysis will be conducted by using STATA 14.0.

Results:
This systematic review and NMA aims to summarize the direct and indirect evidence for different kinds of TCEs and to rank these TCEs. The findings of this NMA will be reported according to the PRISMA-NMA statement. The results of the NMA will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal once completed.

Conclusion:
Using NMA, this study will provide an evidence profile which will be helpful to inform the selection of TCE for treating patients with COPD. The results will inform clinicians, bridge the evidence gaps, and identify promising TCE for future trials.

PROSPERO registration number:
PROSPERO CRD 42019132970.
A comparison of the prognosis of papillary and clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Deng Jun , Li Lei , Xia Haimei , Guo Ju , Wu Xin , Yang Xiaorong , Hong Yanyan , Chen Qingke , Hu Jieping 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective:
To compare the prognosis of papillary and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in order to determine the optimal follow-up and therapy for patients with RCC.

Methods:
A systematic search of Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases was conducted for articles published through July 30, 2018, reporting on a comparison of the prognosis of papillary RCC and clear cell RCC using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines.

Results:
Of 1896 studies, 11 were considered for the evidence synthesis. A total of 35,832 patients were included. Of these patients, 6907 patients were diagnosed with papillary renal cell carcinoma, and 28,925 patients were diagnosed with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The prognosis of papillary RCC was better than that of clear cell RCC (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45 to 0.56; P < .001; I
2 = 91.9%). A subgroup analysis indicated that papillary RCC was associated with better outcomes (HR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.50–1.16), and a trend toward a higher risk of mortality was observed in patients with metastatic RCC presenting with papillary histology, but the difference was not statistically significant (HR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.71–1.76, P = .085). Pooled data suggested a lack of a significant difference between papillary RCC (p-RCC) type 1 and clear cell RCC (cc-RCC) (HR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.12–0.73, P = .085). The pooled HR for the prognosis of p-RCC type 2 compared to cc-RCC was 1.69 (95% CI 0.93–3.08; P = .032).

Conclusion:
Papillary RCC is associated with better outcomes than clear cell RCC in patients without metastases, but not in patients with metastases. Optimal follow-up or therapy for patients with RCC should be assigned according to the tumor stage and subtype.
Association between ladybird homeobox 1 gene polymorphisms and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Jiang Hua , Yang Qinghua , Liu Yang , Guan Yewen , Zhan Xinli , Xiao Zengming , Wei Qingjun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Ladybird Homeobox 1 (LBX1) gene has been implicated in the etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The association between LBX1 gene polymorphisms and AIS has been investigated in several studies. However, these findings have yield contradictory results rather than conclusive evidence.
This study is to provide a meta-analysis of the published case-control studies on the association between LBX1 gene polymorphisms and AIS in Asian and Caucasian populations.
This meta-analysis conformed to the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. We conducted a literature research on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library until February 10, 2018. We included all case-control or cohort studies about association between LBX1 gene polymorphisms and AIS. The Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies-of Interventions and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme were used to evaluate the risk of bias and study quality. We assessed the strength of association by pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in all genetic models under a fixed-effect model or random-effect model. We further performed subgroup analysis by ethnicity and sex. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also undertaken.
A total of 10 studies (11,411 cases and 26,609 controls) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed a statistically significant association between LBX1 gene polymorphisms and AIS (for rs11190870, T vs C, OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.48–1.61, P < .00001; for rs625039, G vs A, OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.38–1.62; P < .00001; for rs678741, G vs A, OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.63–0.86; P < .0001; for rs11598564, G vs A, OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.31–1.51; P < .0001). For stratified analyses by ethnicity and sex, robust significant associations were detected in Asian and Caucasian populations, and in women and men under all genetic models.
T allele of rs11190870 and G alleles of rs625039 and rs11598564 represent risk factors for AIS, but G allele of rs678741 may play a protective role in the occurrence of AIS. Further research is needed to confirm this finding and to understand its implications.
An ocular myasthenia gravis attack after oral pyrantel pamoate
Authors: Shen Chaolan , Li Min , Zhao Xin , Cui Lin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction that can be triggered by anticholinergic agents.

Patient concerns:
We present a 4-year-old female patient who was admitted to the outpatient clinic. She complained of drooped eyelids, which first appeared 2 days after taking a 200 mg dose of pyrantel pamoate. Past medical history is negative.

Diagnoses and treatment:
She was hospitalized with a diagnosis of ocular type MG, and pyridostigmine (40 mg/day) treatment was started.

Outcomes:
The patient recovered, and subsequently, the treatment dose was tapered.

Conclusion:
Pyrantel is an antihelminthic that acts as an agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) of nematodes and exerts its therapeutic effects by depolarizing their muscle membranes. Consequently, there may be an association between pyrantel pamoate and MG.
Early onset Peutz–Jeghers syndrome, the importance of appropriate diagnosis and follow-up
Authors: Mărginean Cristina Oana , Meliţ Lorena Elena , Patraulea Florin , Iunius Simu , Mărginean Maria Oana 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is currently defined as an inherited condition, also called a familial hamartomatous polyposis syndrome, characterized by the association between pigmented mucocutaneous lesions and hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the small bowel.

Patient concerns:
We present the case of a 7-year-old male patients, diagnosed at the age of 3 years with PJS due to a surgical intervention for acute abdominal pain that revealed a rectal polyp associated with hyperpigmented maculae on the lips and oral mucosa. His family history revealed the same condition in his mother, who was diagnosed much later, at the age of 25 years.

Diagnoses:
The upper and lower digestive endoscopy revealed multiple polyps of different sizes within the stomach, and 2 polyps at 5 cm from the anal orifice. The barium enterography revealed 3 polyps within the ileum.

Interventions:
We administered blood transfusions and both recto-anal polyps were surgically removed.

Outcomes:
The outcome was favorable and the patient was discharged with the recommendations for clinical assessment at least every 6 months, annual laboratory tests, but also follow-up of the detected polyps and screening by upper digestive endoscopy, barium enterography and colonoscopy every 2 years.

Lessons:
Early onset of PJS presenting with polys is quite rare since they require time for their development manifesting usually after the first decade of life. Close monitoring is essential for PJS in order to prevent potential complications and early detect the development of related malignancies.
Predicting factors of lateral neck lymph node metastases in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
Authors: Wu Xin , Li Binglu , Zheng Chaoji , He Xiaodong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has increased dramatically in recent years. Compared with central lymph node metastases, lateral neck lymph node (LNLN) metastases in patients with PTMC were less studied. The aim of the present study is to analyze the predicting factors associated with LNLN metastases in patients with PTMC.
A total of 3514 patients underwent thyroid surgery at our hospital from January 2017 to December 2017, and 936 patients with PTMC were selected and assessed retrospectively. They were further divided into 2 groups based on whether LNLN metastases existed or not. The relationship between LNLN metastases and clinicopathologic features of PTMC was analyzed.
LNLN metastases were confirmed in 126 patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses found 5 independent factors associated with LNLN metastases. They were tumor size (≥0.7 cm) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.960, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.227–3.131; P = .005], multifocality (OR = 2.254, 95% CI 1.398–3.634; P = .001), tumor location (upper portion) (OR = 6.312, 95% CI 3.853–10.340; P < .001), thyroid cancer family history (OR = 7.727, 95% CI 2.227–26.818; P = .001), and central lymph node metastases (OR = 11.810, 95% CI 6.547–21.302; P < .001).
The findings of our study indicated that LNLN metastases were not rare in patients with PTMC, and tumor size (≥0.7 cm), multifocality, tumor location (upper portion), thyroid cancer family history, and central lymph node metastases were independent factors for LNLN metastases. In order to perform individualized management, LNLN should be meticulously evaluated when these features are detected.
Pulmonary tuberculosis mimicking radiation pneumonitis in a patient with neck malignancy
Authors: Bae Kyungsoo , Jeon Kyung Nyeo , Choi Hoon Sik , Song Dae Hyun , Kim Ho Cheol 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Primary or reactivation pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is frequent in immunocompromised patients such as those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, chronic renal failure, poorly controlled diabetes, and hematologic malignancy. Immune system of patients with solid-organ cancer can be also altered by malignancy itself or chemotherapy. However, information on the effect of radiation on patient's immunity is scarce. Herein, we present a case of pulmonary TB occurring in a radiation field that mimics focal radiation pneumonitis in a patient who has received curative chemoradiation therapy for neck malignancy. We also performed literature review to understand the impact of radiation therapy on patients’ immunity.

Patient concern:
A 56-year-old male patient visited our hospital with a palpable mass in the right supraclavicular fossa which was later confirmed as metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. After completion of concurrent chemoradiation therapy, a focal consolidation was developed in the right upper lobe apex where radiation was applied. The patient did not have any symptoms or signs of infectious disease.

Diagnosis:
Pulmonary TB was diagnosed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and culture of sputum.

Intervention:
Anti-TB medication was started.

Outcome:
The patient was tolerable to anti-TB medication and the size of TB lesion gradually decreased.

Lesson:
A suspicion of pulmonary TB should be given to patients with new infiltrates in radiation port due to impact of radiation therapy on local infection barriers and patients’ immune system.
Hysteresis in the selective synchronization of brain activity to musical rhythm
Authors: Lenc Tomas , Keller Peter E. , Varlet Manuel , Nozaradan Sylvie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhen listening to musical rhythm, people tend to spontaneously perceive and move along with a periodic pulse-like meter. Moreover, perception and entrainment to the meter show remarkable stability in the face of dynamically changing rhythmic structure of music, even when acoustic cues to meter frequencies are degraded in the rhythmic input. Here we show that this perceptual phenomenon is supported by a selective synchronization of endogenous brain activity to the perceived meter, and that this neural synchronization is significantly shaped by recent context, especially when the incoming input becomes increasingly ambiguous. We recorded the EEG while non-musician and musician participants listened to nonrepeating rhythmic sequences where acoustic cues to meter frequencies either gradually decreased (from regular to ambiguous) or increased (from ambiguous to regular). We observed that neural activity selectively synchronized to the perceived meter persisted longer when the sequence gradually changed from regular to ambiguous compared to the opposite, thus demonstrating hysteresis in the neural processing of a dynamically changing rhythmic stimulus. This dependence on recent context was weaker in the neural responses of musicians, who also showed greater ability to tap along with a regular meter irrespective of stimulus ambiguity, thus reflecting greater stability relative to current and recent stimulus in musicians. Together, these asymmetric context effects demonstrate how the relative contribution of incoming and prior signals is continuously weighted to shape neural selection of functionally-relevant features and guide perceptual organization of dynamic input.Significance statementWhen listening to musical rhythm, people tend to spontaneously perceive and move along with a periodic pulse-like meter. Moreover, perception and entrainment to the meter seem to show remarkable stability in the face of dynamically changing rhythmic structure of music. Here we show that this is supported by a selective synchronization of brain activity at meter frequencies. This selective neural synchronization persists longer when a nonrepeating sequence gradually transforms from a regular to an ambiguous rhythm compared to the opposite. This asymmetric context effect suggests that the brain processes rhythm based on a flexible combination of sensory and endogenous information. Such continuously updated neural emphasis on meter periodicities might therefore guide robust perceptual organization of a dynamic rhythmic input.
Theory of Minds: Managing mental state inferences in working memory is associated with the dorsomedial subsystem of the default network and social integration
Authors: Meyer Meghan L. , Collier Eleanor 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe often interact with multiple people at a time and consider their various points-of-view to facilitate smooth social interaction. Yet, how our brains track multiple mental states at once, and whether skill in this domain links to navigating real-world social interactions, remains underspecified. To fill this gap, we developed a novel social working memory paradigm in which participants manage two- or four-people’s mental states in working memory, as well as control trials in which they alphabetize two- or four-people’s names in working memory. In Study 1, we found that the dorsomedial subsystem of the default network shows relative increases in activity with more mental states managed in working memory. In contrast, this subsystem shows relative decreases in activity with more non-mental state information (the number of names alphabetized) managed in working memory. In Study 2, only individual differences in managing mental states in working memory, specifically on trials that posed the greatest mental state load to working memory, correlated with social network integration. Collectively, these findings add further support to the hypothesis that social working memory relies on partially distinct brain systems and may be a key ingredient to success in a social world.
iPSC-Derived Ovarian Tissue Restores Ovarian Function in Subfertile Mice and After Gonadotoxic Chemotherapy
Authors: Elias K.M. , Ng N.W. , Dam K.U. , Milne A. , Disler E.R. , Gockley A. , Holub N. , Church G.M. , Ginsburg E.S. , Anchan R.M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMany reproductive age women with cancer who receive chemotherapy are exposed to gonadotoxic agents and risk diminished ovarian reserve, sterility, and premature menopause. Previously, we reported the derivation of steroidogenic ovarian cells from induced pluripotent and embryonic stem cells. Derived cells not only produced reproductive hormones, but also displayed markers of ovarian tissue and primordial gametes. Here, we describe that human follicular fluid (HFF), when added to our stem cell differentiation system, enhances the steroidogenic potential of differentiating stem cells and increases the subpopulation of cells that express the ovarian and germ cell markers GJA1 and ZP1, respectively. More importantly, using an in vivo model of chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian insufficiency in subfertile nude mice, we demonstrate that orthotopic implantation of these derived cells restores ovarian hormone synthesis and produces functional stem cell-derived oocytes. Additionally, these cells also ameliorate subfertility in nude mice, as demonstrated by the delivery of multiple litters of healthy pups from stem cell-derived oocytes. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that stem cell-derived steroidogenic ovarian tissue could be used to promote neo-gametogenesis and treat the endocrinologic and reproductive sequelae of premature ovarian insufficiency.One Sentence SummaryWe show that orthotopic injection of sorted, differentiated iPSCs in ovaries of subfertile mice restores reproductive hormone synthesis and fertility.