bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative biophotonic imaging systems for image-guided interventions
Authors: Sajedi Salar , Sabet Hamid , Choi Hak Soo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Biophotonic imaging has revolutionized the operation room by providing surgeons intraoperative image-guidance to diagnose tumors more efficiently and to resect tumors with real-time image navigation. Among many medical imaging modalities, near-infrared (NIR) light is ideal for image-guided surgery because it penetrates relatively deeply into living tissue, while nuclear imaging provides quantitative and unlimited depth information. It is therefore ideal to develop an integrated imaging system by combining NIR fluorescence and gamma-positron imaging to provide surgeons with highly sensitive and quantitative detection of diseases, such as cancer, in real-time without changing the look of the surgical field. The focus of this review is to provide recent progress in intraoperative biophotonic imaging systems, NIR fluorescence imaging and intraoperative nuclear imaging devices, and their future perspectives for image-guided interventions.
Magnetic hot-spot generation at optical frequencies: from plasmonic metamolecules to all-dielectric nanoclusters
Authors: Calandrini Eugenio , Cerea Andrea , De Angelis Francesco , Zaccaria Remo Proietti , Toma Andrea 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The weakness of magnetic effects at optical frequencies is directly related to the lack of symmetry between electric and magnetic charges. Natural materials cease to exhibit appreciable magnetic phenomena at rather low frequencies and become unemployable for practical applications in optics. For this reason, historically important efforts were spent in the development of artificial materials. The first evidence in this direction was provided by split-ring resonators in the microwave range. However, the efficient scaling of these devices towards the optical frequencies has been prevented by the strong ohmic losses suffered by circulating currents. With all of these considerations, artificial optical magnetism has become an active topic of research, and particular attention has been devoted to tailor plasmonic metamolecules generating magnetic hot spots. Several routes have been proposed in these directions, leading, for example, to plasmon hybridization in 3D complex structures or Fano-like magnetic resonances. Concurrently, with the aim of electromagnetic manipulation at the nanoscale and in order to overcome the critical issue of heat dissipation, alternative strategies have been introduced and investigated. All-dielectric nanoparticles made of high-index semiconducting materials have been proposed, as they can support both magnetic and electric Mie resonances. Aside from their important role in fundamental physics, magnetic resonances also provide a new degree of freedom for nanostructured systems, which can trigger unconventional nanophotonic processes, such as nonlinear effects or electromagnetic field localization for enhanced spectroscopy and optical trapping.
Animacy Distinctions Arise from Iterated Learning
Authors: Vihman Virve-Anneli , Nelson Diane , Kirby Simon 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Linguistic animacy reflects a particular construal of biological distinctions encountered in the world, passed through cultural and cognitive filters. This study explores the process by which our construal of animacy becomes encoded in the grammars of human languages. We ran an iterated learning experiment investigating the effect of animacy on language transmission. Participants engaged in a simple artificial language learning task in which they were asked to learn which affix was assigned to each noun in the language. Though initially random, the language each participant produced at test became the language that the subsequent participant in a chain was trained on. Results of the experiment were analysed in terms of learnability, measured through the accuracy of responses, and structure, using an entropy measure. We found that the learnability of languages increased over generations, as expected, but entropy did not decrease. Languages did not become formally simpler over time. Instead, structure emerged through a reorganisation of noun classes around animacy-based categories. The use of semantic animacy distinctions allowed languages to retain morphological complexity while becoming more learnable. Our study shows that grammatical reflexes of animacy distinctions can arise out of learning alone, and that structuring grammar based on animacy can make languages more learnable.
Minimal Sartre: Diagonalization and Pure Reflection
Authors: Bova John 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThese remarks take up the reflexive problematics of Being and Nothingness and related texts from a metalogical perspective. A mutually illuminating translation is posited between, on the one hand, Sartre’s theory of pure reflection, the linchpin of the works of Sartre’s early period and the site of their greatest difficulties, and, on the other hand, the quasi-formalism of diagonalization, the engine of the classical theorems of Cantor, Godel, Tarski, Turing, etc. Surprisingly, the dialectic of mathematical logic from its inception through the discovery of the diagonal theorems can be recognized as a particularly clear instance of the drama of reflection according to Sartre, especially in the positing and overcoming of its proper valueideal, viz. the synthesis of consistency and completeness. Conversely, this translation solves a number of systematic problems about pure reflection’s relations to accessory reflection, phenomenological reflection, pre-reflective self-consciousness, conversion, and value. Negative foundations, the metaphysical position emerging from this translation between existential philosophy and metalogic, concurs by different paths with Badiou’s Being and Event in rejecting both ontotheological foundationalisms and constructivist antifoundationalisms.
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques for the characterisation of organic materials in works of art
Authors: Sutherland Ken 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe power of GC/MS to resolve, characterise and quantify complex mixtures of organic compounds with high sensitivity has made it an indispensable analytical tool to address detailed questions about the chemical constituents of works of art. This paper provides an overview of the technique and its particular suitability to material studies of art and historical artefacts, and reviews its diverse research applications concerning the organic composition of artists’ and conservation materials. Options with regard to sample preparation by chemical derivatisation, pyrolysis techniques, and methods for the analysis of volatile organic compounds are discussed, as well as various approaches to the treatment and interpretation of data. The greatest value is gained from GC/MS when it is used as a complementary technique, informed by and in synergy with other methods of analysis.
Nach dem Helsinki Gipfel – trübe Aussichten für eine Verbesserung der russisch-amerikanischen Beziehungen
Authors: Adomeit Hannes 
Published: December 2018

Kurzfassung
Am 18. Juli 2018 fand in Helsinki ein Gipfeltreffen zwischen Präsident Donald Trump und dem russischen Präsidenten Vladimir Putin statt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung geht der Frage nach, ob die Idee des amerikanischen Präsidenten, mit Hilfe von Charme und Überredungskünsten im Vieraugengespräch mit dem Kreml-Chef einen Durchbruch oder zumindest eine merkliche Verbesserung im russisch-amerikanischen Verhältnis zu erzielen, von Erfolg gekrönt war. Sie kommt zum Ergebnis, dass das Treffen nicht nur zu keinem Neustart und dem Beginn einer möglichen Bereinigung der Beziehungen beigetragen hat, sondern eher zu ihrer Verschlechterung. Die Gründe dafür lägen einerseits im Fehlen eines kohärenten Ansatzes Washingtons in der Politik gegenüber Moskau und andererseits an der Intransigenz der russischen Regierung, die den amerikanischen Präsidenten eher als Instrument zur Einschränkung der Handlungsfähigkeit der USA ansieht, denn als kompetenten Verhandlungspartner, mit dem eine Lösung der angehäuften Probleme in einer für beide Seiten akzeptablen Weise erfolgen könnte.
Unemployment, Psychological Trauma, Militancy and Boko Haram Conflict in Nigeria
Authors: Terwase Joyce Mcivir , Terwase Isaac Terungwa , Puldu Gloria Samdi , Abdul-Talib Asmat-Nizam 
Published: December 2018

<p>The issue of unemployment has bedeviled the development of many countries especially when the youths who are trained in various skills of human endeavor find it difficult in getting job opportunities. This research work has focused on the impact of unemployment with specific attention to Nigeria. The country over the years from 2009 to date witnessed a series of attacks by the Boko Haram terrorist group whose membership mostly are the youths. The main objective of this research is to examine the impact of unemployment as it causes psychological trauma, frustration and aggression thereby resulting to a state of insecurity. The work made use of qualitative research design through the conduct of interviews. The work also made use of other sources such as journal publications and internet sources. The findings drawn from this research reveal that some of the youths who engage in terrorist attacks against the Nigerian state are unemployed while some could be due to poverty and illiteracy. The issues raised could cause psychological trauma to the victims especially those whose relatives lost their lives as well as those who are internally displaced. The work, therefore, recommends a new public policy framework as a strategy in resolving the conflict in order to sustain peace and security of the country. </p>
Action of Thioglycosides of 1,2,4-Triazoles and Imidazoles on the Oxidative Stress and Glycosidases in Mice with Molecular Docking
Authors: Balbaa Mahmoud , Awad Doaa , Elaal Ahmad Abd , Mahsoub Shimaa , Moharram Mayssaa , Sadek Omayma , Rezki Nadjet , Aouad Mohamed Reda , Badawy Mohamed El-Taher Ibrahim , El Ashry El Sayed Helmy 
Published: December 2018

Background:,2,3-Triazoles and imidazoles are important five-membered heterocyclic scaffolds due to their extensive biological activities. These products have been an area of growing interest to many researchers around the world because of their enormous pharmaceutical scope.Methods:The in vivo and in vitro enzyme inhibition of some thioglycosides encompassing 1,2,4- triazole N1, N2, and N3 and/or imidazole moieties N4, N5, and N6. The effect on the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) was investigated as well as their effect on α-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase. Molecular docking studies were carried out to investigate the mode of the binding interaction of the compounds with α- glucosidase and β -glucuronidase. In addition, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) investigation was applied to find out the correlation between toxicity and physicochemical properties.Results:The decrease of the antioxidant status was revealed by the in vivo effect of the tested compounds. Furthermore, the in vivo and in vitro inhibitory effects of the tested compounds were clearly pronounced on α-glucosidase, but not β-glucuronidase. The IC50 and Ki values revealed that the thioglycoside - based 1,2,4-triazole N3 possesses a high inhibitory action. In addition, the in vitro studies demonstrated that the whole tested 1,2,4-triazole are potent inhibitors with a Ki magnitude of 10-6 and exhibited a competitive type inhibition. On the other hand, the thioglycosides - based imidazole ring showed an antioxidant activity and exerted a slight in vivo stimulation of α-glucosidase and β- glucuronidase. Molecular docking proved that the compounds exhibited binding affinity with the active sites of α -glucosidase and β-glucuronidase (docking score ranged from -2.320 to -4.370 kcal/mol). Furthermore, QSAR study revealed that the HBD and RB were found to have an overall significant correlation with the toxicity.Conclusion:These data suggest that the inhibition of α-glucosidase is accompanied by an oxidative stress action.
Post Traumatic Diffuse Neurofibroma in the Foot: An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Nasser Ahmed Abdul Hadi , Al-Saad Sara , Awad Rashad Khamis , Alkhalifa Fahad 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Neurofibromas are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors that present as solitary or multiple lesions. They can present alone or as part of the disease process called neurofibromatosis type 1. The etiology behind solitary neurofibromas is still poorly understood, however, trauma has been proposed to be a possible cause.

Methods:
We present a rare case of a 23-year-old male, without any known medical history, who fell and injured his left foot 3 years prior to presentation. He was treated conservatively at that time and presented to Bahrain Defence Force hospital complaining of a progressive painless swelling in his left forefoot post trauma.

Results:
The patient underwent imaging studies, which misdiagnosed the lesion as a possible lymphangioma, haemangioma, or a chronic inflammatory swelling. An excisional biopsy was taken, and the pathology specimen proved the lesion to be a diffuse neurofibroma.

Conclusion:
Trauma may possibly be a predisposing factor behind the development of solitary diffuse neurofibromas in patients that are not known to have neurofibromatosis. Further studies should be conducted to prove whether or not trauma is a predisposing factor for the development of solitary neurofibromas.
Model Pendayagunaan Energi Geotermal Entalpi Rendah (Direct-Use) di Jawa Barat
Authors: Mulyana Cukup , Luthfi Numan , Hi Saad Aswad 
Published: December 2018

Jawa Barat memiliki potensi energi geothermal dalam jumlah yang besar. Akan tetapi pemanfaatannya terbatas untuk sumber geothermal dengan entalpi tinggi yaitu untuk penghasil tenaga listrik. Sedangkan pemanfaatan potensi energi geothermal dengan entalpi rendah yang dikenal dengan sebutan direct use masih belum dilakukan. Jika energi terbuang ini diberdayakan akan meningkatkan pembangun perekonomian dan kesejahteraan masyarakt di wilayah Jawa Barat. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pendataan sumber energi geothermal berentalpi rendah yang berada di Jawa Barat, selanjutnya pendataan potensi pertanian, perkebunan dan industry yang bisa dikorelasikan dengan energi geothermal berentalpi rendah. Selanjutnya dibuat peta potensi geothermal dan pemanfaatannya di propinsi Jawa Barat. Selanjutnya hasil pemetaan tersebut digunakan untuk membuat model pendayaguanaan entalpi rendah di Jawa Barat yang mengintegrasikan peran akademisi, peneliti, masyarakat, pemerintah daerah, pemerintah pusat, dan pelaku usaha sebagai pemilik modal dalam sebuah networking yang sinergis. Pengaplikasian model pendayagunaan energi geothermal memjanjika banyak keuntungan yaitu: meningkatkan ketahanan melalui pemanfaatan energi terbarukan, keuntungan kelestarian lingkungan, dan keuntungan atas social, politik dan ekonomi masyarakat di Jawa Barat.
PENGARUH PELATIHAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSLUSIF TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN MENYUSUI KELOMPOK PENDUKUNG ASI DI DESA MEKARGALIH DAN CIPACING KECAMATAN JATINANGOR KABUPATEN SUMEDANG
Authors: Astuti Sri , Susanti Ari Indra , Judistiani Tina Dewi 
Published: December 2018

Survei kesehatan (Riskesdas) tahun 2010 melaporkan bahwa ibu yang melakukan pemberian ASI eksklusif hanya sekitar 15,3% di Indonesia. Pada tahun 2013, ibu yang melakukan pemberian ASI eksklusif sebesar 25,4% di wilayah Jawa Barat. Angka ini semakin menurun terutama di tingkat kecamatan. Hal ini berperan dalam peningkatan prevalensi gizi buruk pada anak-anak di bawah usia 6 bulan yang akhirnya akan berdampak pada peningkatan angka kematian anak. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan pemberian ASI Eksklusif terhadap pengetahuan menyusui Kelompok Pendukung ASI (KP-ASI) yang dilaksanakan di Desa Mekargalih dan Cipacing, Kecamatan Jatinangor kabupaten Sumedang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimental pretest posttest design yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2014. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan tehnik purposive sampling sebanyak 100 responden dari Desa Mekargalih dan Desa Cipacing. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dengan memberikan kuesioner kepada responden sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pelatihan dan pembentukan KP-ASI. Untuk menganalisis pengaruh (hubungan) pelatihan pemberian ASI Eksklusif terhadap pengetahuan menyusui KP-ASI digunakan analisis T-Test dan Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian didapatkan pengetahuan tentang pemberian ASI pada kelompok pendukung ASI di kedua desa sebelum dan setelah pelatihan terbanyak kurang, dan menunjukkan pengaruh yang bermakna pelatihan pemberian ASI Eksklusif terhadap pengetahuan menyusui KP- ASI (p<0.05). Pembentukan dan pelatihan KP-ASI dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan menyusui KP-ASI sehingga mendorong para ibu untuk melakukan pemberian ASI Eksklusif.Kata kunci: ASI eksklusif, pengetahuan, KP-ASI
Metode Pembelajaran Preceptorship Dibandingkan Dengan Konvensional Terhadap Keterampilan Pemeriksaan Kehamilan Mahasiswi Kebidanan
Authors: Susanti Ari Indra , Wirakusumah Firman , Garna Herry 
Published: December 2018

Salah satu kompetensi utama bidan dalam kurikulum D-III Kebidanan Tahun 2011 yaitu bidan sebagai care provider yang mampu memberikan asuhan kebidanan secara efektif, aman, dan bermutu tinggi bagi perempuan dalam siklus reproduksinya secara komprehensif. Untuk mencapai kompetensi tersebut, maka metode pembelajaran konvensional perlu dikembangkan menjadi metode pembelajaran preceptorship. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengukur perbedaan metode pembelajaran preceptorship dengan konvensional terhadap keterampilan pemeriksaan kehamilan mahasiswi kebidanan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimental design dengan rancangan non randomized control group pretest postest design dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 108 mahasiswi kebidanan di Prodi Kebidanan FK Unpad dan Poltekkes TNI AU Ciumbeleuit. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Desember 2013 sampai dengan Februari 2014. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik total sampling. Analisis uji beda menggunakan uji Z Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna keterampilan pemeriksaan kehamilan antara metode preceptorship dengan konvensional (p<0.005). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode pembelajaran preceptorship yang dilakukan di lahan praktik dapat meningkatkan keterampilan mahasiswa kebidanan.Kata Kunci: Keterampilan, konvensional, metode preceptorship
Penerapan Interprofessional Education (IPE) pada Kelas Ibu Balita oleh Mahasiswa Tenaga Kesehatan untuk Meningkatkan Sikap Ibu terhadap Kesehatan Balita di Kota Cimahi
Authors: Susanti Dyeri , Wulandari Hesti , Juaeriah Ryka , Dewi Sari Puspa 
Published: December 2018

Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA) merupakan salah satu prioritas utama pembangunan kesehatan di Indonesia. Pemantauan tumbuh kembang dan pencegahan penyakit pada balita merupakan aspek penting dalam meningkatkan kesehatan balita. Pelayanan kesehatan di Indonesia saat ini masih dilakukan oleh profesi tunggal, sedangkan World Health Organization (WHO) merekomendasikan pelayanan kesehatan dengan praktik kolaborasi. Bekal tentang kolaborasi dapat diterapkan sejak tahap pendidikan melalui Interprofessional Education (IPE). IPE terjadi ketika dua atau lebihprofesi belajardengan, dari dan tentang satu sama lain untuk meningkatkan kerjasama dan hasil kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan sikap ibu tentang kesehatan balita setelah penerapan IPE pada Kelas Ibu Balita. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan metode observasional menggunakan rancangan one group pre-post test design. Sampel penelitianadalah ibu rumah tangga sebanyak 120 orang yang memiliki Balita usia 24-59 bulan, dan mahasiswa dari Program Studi Kebidanan, Keperawatan, Gizi, dan Kesehatan Lingkungan yang berjumlah 48 orang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Desember 2016-Januari 2017 selama 7 minggu di RW 04, 11, 13 dan 15 wilayah kerja Puskesmas Leuwigajah. Analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Paired t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan sikap ibu terhadap kesehatan balita sebelum dan sesudah diberikan penyuluhan, dengan nilai rata-rata pretest -0,02 menjadi 2,46 nilai rata-rata posttest. Simpulan pada penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran IPE dalam bentuk kuliah umum, diskusi, dan praktik lapangan di komunitas pada Kelas Ibu Balita oleh mahasiswa tenaga kesehatan dapat meningkatkan sikap ibu terhadap kesehatan balita.Kata Kunci: Interprofessional Education, Kesehatan Balita, Sikap Ibu Balita
Employees’ Career Transition and Growth: A Study of Women-Owned Micro Businesses in Balogun Market, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Obunike Chinazor Lady-Franca 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The study aims at investigating the effect of voluntary career transition on women-owned micro business growth. The independent variable ‘voluntary career transition’ is used as a single construct while the dependent variable ‘business growth’ is decomposed as a multi-construct of sales, employees and assets growth. The population of the study comprises 384 persons, while the sample size used is 250 micro businesses owned by women, who are formal employees of organisations. Average distribution is used to select the number of questionnaires that were distributed by the ten lines of business selected for the study. The study employs self-constructed questionnaire items to measure the independent, while an adopted questionnaire is used for firm growth. Frequencies and descriptive statistics are used to analyse the data collected from 104 questionnaire respondents, while the regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses. The findings indicate that voluntary career transition has a very high positive effect on the employment creation, a high positive effect on the sales growth and a very low positive effect on the asset growth of the business under study. The study, therefore, concludes that although carrier transition from paid employment to micro-businesses might be a difficult carrier choice and unattractive decision, for most women, it has been proven to be a contributing factor that affects the growth of women micro business. The study, therefore, suggests that organisational management and policymakers should encourage intrapreneurs and micro businesses.
How Do Parents Use Mental State Language During Narration To Their 2- and 4-Year-Old Children?
Authors: Jakubowska Joanna , Szpak Marta , Białecka-Pikul Marta 
Published: December 2018

AbstractParents influence the development of children’s social understanding by using mental state terms that denote concepts which children are about to develop (Taumoepeau & Ruffman, 2006, 2008) or via the usage of contrastive and/or causal mental state talk (Peterson & Slaughter, 2003). The present longitudinal study examined parent-child dyads and assessed parental mental state talk (MST) during picture-book narration. Seventy-four parents told their children a story twice, when the children were 2 and 4 years old. The same wordless picture book was used to elicit the narration at each time point. Two criteria were used to classify MST: type of utterance (affective, perceptual, or cognitive) and complexity of utterance (simple or clarifying). Parental MST was more frequent in narrations to 4-yearolds than to 2-year-olds. Parents directed more complex MST to 4-year-old children than to 2-year-olds. Affective references were most common at both time points, while cognitive utterances hardly occurred. Nevertheless, growing trends were observed in all types of MST. The results suggest that parents match their MST to the children’s level of social understanding development.