bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open Resection versus Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for the Treatment of Pediatric Insular Epilepsy
Authors: Hale Andrew T , Sen Sonali , Haider Ali S , Perkins Freedom F , Clarke Dave F , Lee Mark R , Tomycz Luke D 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Various studies suggest that the insular cortex may play an underappreciated role in pediatric frontotemporal/parietal epilepsy. Here, we report on the postsurgical outcomes in 26 pediatric patients with confirmed insular involvement by depth electrode monitoring.

OBJECTIVE
To describe one of the largest series of pediatric patients with medically refractory epilepsy undergoing laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) or surgical resection of at least some portion of the insular cortex.

METHODS
Pediatric patients in whom invasive insular sampling confirmed insular involvement and who subsequently underwent a second stage surgery (LITT or open resection) were included. Complications and Engel Class outcomes at least 1 yr postsurgery were compiled as well as pathology results in the open surgical cases.

RESULTS
The average age in our cohort was 10.3 yr, 58% were male, and the average length of follow-up was 2.43 ± 0.20 (SEM) yr. A total of 14 patients underwent LITT, whereas 12 patients underwent open resection. Complications in patients undergoing either LITT or open resection were mostly minimal and generally transient. Forty-three percent of patients who underwent LITT were Engel Class I, compared to 50% of patients who underwent open insular resection.

CONCLUSION
Both surgical resection and LITT are valid management options in the treatment of medically refractory insular/opercular epilepsy in children. Although LITT may be a less invasive alternative to craniotomy, further studies are needed to determine its noninferiority in terms of complication rates and seizure freedom, especially in cases of cortical dysplasia that may involve extensive regions of the brain.
Modern Japanese Buddhist Philosophy
Authors: Kopf Gereon 
Published: February 2019

Recent years have seen an increased presence of Japanese Buddhist philosophy in the world of Anglophone scholarship. In 2013 the first issue of the Journal of Japanese Philosophy (SUNY Press) appeared, in 2015 the first issue of the Journal of Buddhist Philosophy (SUNY Press) was released, and in 2016 the first issue of the European Journal of Japanese Philosophy (Chisokudō Publications) was published. Japanese Buddhist philosophy emerges and exists at the intersection of Buddhist and Japanese philosophy. The history of the term “Buddhist philosophy” in Japan commences with the encounter between the Japanese and Euro-American intellectual traditions during the Meiji period (1868–1912). As is well known, Nishi Amane 西周 (b. 1829–d. 1897) coined the Japanese word for “philosophy”: tetsugaku哲学. He utilized this concept to refer to European and American philosophy and to distinguish these traditions from the works of the Japanese traditions, including Japanese Buddhism, which he classified as “thought” (shisō思想). Today’s understanding of “philosophy” has somewhat shifted. Rein Raud suggests that “[w]hat matters” for philosophers . . . is “interpretations, their quality, their productivity for further thought.” “Buddhist philosophy,” Dale Wright proposes, “is that form of reflection [the effort to ‘understand how things in the broadest possible sense of the term hang together’] as practiced by participants who are Buddhists”; that is, “philosophy practiced by those who regard themselves as Buddhist.” By the same token, Inoue Enryō 井上円了 (b. 1858–d. 1919) asserted with the very title of his 1893 work Buddhist Philosophy (Bukkyō tetsugaku仏教哲学) that there is Buddhist philosophy in Japan, premodern, modern, and contemporary. This bibliographic essay includes Anglophone texts in the Japanese Buddhist tradition published after the Meiji restoration (1868 ce). The titles are divided into four categories: (1) Translations, (2) Collections, (3) English-Language Works, and (4) Crossover Works. Unfortunately, a lot of brilliant philosophy produced in Japan is only accessible in the Japanese language. Recent years have seen exciting trends and stimulating ideas in the field of Japanese Buddhist philosophy. The disaster of 3/11, for example, has even given rise to the category of “post-Fukushima” philosophy. The purpose of this bibliographical essay is thus twofold. It is the hope of the editors that this bibliography will help raise the awareness of the wealth and significance of the Japanese Buddhist traditions. At the same time, this essay on modern and contemporary Japanese Buddhist philosophy is designed to encourage scholars to generate more translations in this field.
Open societies before market economies: Historical analysis
Authors: van Bavel Bas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt is often assumed that the market economy and the open society reinforce each other and have risen together. Even those who are more skeptical about their long-run compatibility will usually agree that the rise of the two was part of a process of modernization, starting in early modern England and unfolding in the modern West. This article builds on the latest historical research to reject this assumption. It shows that several market economies existed much earlier in history. These were all preceded by social movements generating a more open society. In each of these cases, the functioning of the market economy slowly eroded social and, next, political openness, and later shriveled itself again. This endogenous, cycle-like process, in which the interaction of the market economy and the open society developed from positive to negative, may also be seen in modern cases, including the present USA.
Is Predicted Data a Viable Alternative to Real Data?
Authors: Fujii Tomoki , van der Weide Roy 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt is costly to collect the household- and individual-level data that underlie official estimates of poverty and health. For this reason, developing countries often do not have the budget to update estimates of poverty and health regularly, even though these estimates are most needed there. One way to reduce the financial burden is to substitute some of the real data with predicted data by means of double sampling, where the expensive outcome variable is collected for a subsample and its predictors for all. This study finds that double sampling yields only modest reductions in financial costs when imposing a statistical precision constraint in a wide range of realistic empirical settings. There are circumstances in which the gains can be more substantial, but these denote the exception rather than the rule. The recommendation is to rely on real data whenever there is a need for new data and to use prediction estimators to leverage existing data.
Reasonable Academic Accommodation Implementation in Clinical Nursing Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Horkey Erin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

AIM
A scoping review was conducted to answer the question: What is known from existing literature about how reasonable academic accommodations have been implemented within clinical nursing education for prelicensure nursing students with physical disabilities?

BACKGROUND
An increased number of students with disabilities are entering nursing education. Many students with disabilities require accommodations to be successful; however, most nursing programs lack a developed framework for accommodation, and many nurse faculty lack knowledge on how to accommodate. These barriers can hinder student success.

METHOD
Arskey and O’Malley’s 2005 framework was used to explore the nursing literature.

RESULTS
Four themes emerged from the literature: collaboration, evolving accommodation practices, previously used accommodations, and poorly understood implementation.

CONCLUSION
Current nursing research fails to adequately address clinical accommodations for nursing students with physical disabilities. Further research into how accommodations are used in nursing clinical education and how faculty can successfully accommodate students is needed.
Exploring Grit Among Black Prelicensure Nursing Students
Authors: Young-Brice Amber , Dreifuerst Kristina Thomas 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Unequal representation of black nurses in the workforce continues to plague the nursing profession. Preconceptions and understandings of the discipline are underpinned by the dominant white racial makeup, which may challenge ethnically diverse nursing students’ perceptions of their ability for success. The need for a diverse nursing workforce includes the challenge of enticing minority students into and successfully through prelicensure programs. This study of attributes of grit in the lived experiences of black nursing students revealed evidence including consistent efforts and perseverance to reach goals in the participants’ stories.
The Relationship Between Board Certification and Disciplinary Actions Against Board-Eligible Family Physicians
Authors: Peabody Michael R. , Young Aaron , Peterson Lars E. , O’Neill Thomas R. , Pei Xiaomei , Arnhart Katie , Chaudhry Humayun J. , Puffer James C. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
Lack of specialty board certification has been reported as a significant physician-level predictor of receiving a disciplinary action from a state medical board. This study investigated the association between family physicians receiving a disciplinary action from a state medical board and certification by the American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM).

Method
Three datasets were merged and a series of logistic regressions were conducted examining the relationship between certification status and disciplinary actions when adjusting for covariates. Data were available from 1976 to 2017. Predictor variables were gender, age, medical training degree type, medical school location, and the severity of the action.

Results
Of the family physicians in this sample, 95% (114,454/120,443) had never received any disciplinary action. Having ever been certified was associated with a reduced likelihood of ever receiving an action (odds ratio [OR] = 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30, 0.40; P < .001), and having held a prior but not current certification at the time of the action was associated with an increase in receiving the most severe type of action (OR = 3.71; 95% CI = 2.24, 6.13; P < .001).

Conclusions
Disciplinary actions are uncommon events. Family physicians who had ever been ABFM certified were less likely to receive an action. The most severe actions were associated with decreased odds of being board certified at the time of the action. Receiving the most severe action type increased the likelihood of physicians holding a prior but not current certification.
The Sagittal Thoracic Modifier Component of the Lenke Classification System in Moderate and Severe Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: El-Fiky Tarek , Elsagheer Hesham , Darwish Mohamed , Essmat Hesham , Kamal Raafat , Hasan Ahmed , Shoukry Fahmy , Allam Yasser 
Published: February 2019

Study Design:
A prospective radiographic study.

Summary of Background Data:
As the importance of the spinal sagittal profile becomes increasingly evident, there is a need to ensure that the measuring methods used to evaluate thoracic kyphosis (TK) are both accurate and reproducible.

Objective:
The purpose of the following study was to determine the intraobserver and interobserver variability of measurements of the sagittal profile in moderate and severe thoracic scoliosis.

Methods:
Five experienced Faculty Spine surgeons independently reviewed thirty standing long 30-inch cassette lateral radiographs of preoperative moderate and severe curves ≥50 degrees of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients on 2 different occasions. The parameters measured were the vertebral endplate clarity and measurability of the sagittal angle from D5 to D12 and categories of thoracic sagittal modifier. κ statistics and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were used for analysis.

Results:
The interobserver percentage of agreement for the Sagittal modifier was 58% in both trials. The mean κ coefficient value was only moderate 0.43 (range, 0.14–0.66) for both trials. The number of the vertebral endplates that were difficult to identify was 201 of 300 measurements (67%). There was a predominance of difficulty to identify vertebral endplate clarity in all curve types.

Conclusions:
The results of this study yielded poor to moderate interobserver reliability of the thoracic sagittal profile component of the Lenke classification system in moderate and severe AIS. This was attributed to the difficulty in identification of the vertebral endplates. The current standard lateral radiographs routinely used in AIS patients have inherent difficulties and limitations to visualize, identify, and analyze the thoracic endplates in moderate and severe curves.
Quality of Life and Persistent Symptoms After Uncomplicated Acute Diverticulitis
Authors: van Dijk Stefan T. , Daniels Lidewine , de Korte Niels , Stockmann Hein B. , Vrouenraets Bart C. , J. Consten Esther C. , B. van der Hoeven Joost A. , Faneyte Ian F. , W. Dijkgraaf Marcel G. , Boermeester Marja A. 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND:
Although acute diverticulitis and its recurrence are well studied, little is known about the period after these attacks have passed. Many patients appear to be affected by persistent symptoms that impair quality of life. The few published studies on this topic are mostly limited by the lack of CT confirmation of the acute diverticulitis diagnosis, low numbers of patients, or cross-sectional design.

OBJECTIVE:
This study longitudinally evaluated quality of life and symptoms after antibiotic or observational treatment of uncomplicated acute diverticulitis.

DESIGN:
This was an observational study of randomized clinical trial data.

SETTINGS:
This study was conducted at a single tertiary care center.

PATIENTS:
Patients with CT-proven, primary, left-sided, uncomplicated acute diverticulitis were randomly assigned to observational or antibiotic treatment.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Quality of life was assessed using questionnaires (EuroQol 5D, Short Form-36, and Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index) at baseline and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after random assignment. Patients were considered to have persistent symptoms when specific quality-of-life scores at the 12- and 24-month follow-ups were among the lowest 16% of scores measured in a healthy reference group.

RESULTS:
A total of 528 patients were included. No difference was detected between the observational and antibiotic groups in any quality-of-life score during follow-up. Overall, 32.2% to 38.2% of patients had persistent symptoms after 1 or 2 years, depending on which questionnaire (sub)score was assessed. Risk factors for persistent symptoms based on to the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life index GI symptoms score included a mean pain score ≥3.75 (OR = 2.77 (95% CI, 1.60–4.80)) during the first 10 days of disease and prolonged (≥28 d) time to recovery (OR = 2.25 (95% CI, 1.31–3.88)). Flatulence, rumblings, bloating, fullness, and many stools were the top 5 complaints at the 12- and 24-month follow-ups.

LIMITATIONS:
The study was limited by possible selection bias of patients included in a randomized controlled trial.

CONCLUSIONS:
More than one third of patients experience persistent symptoms after an episode of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. Long-term quality of life is comparable after initial antibiotic or observational treatment. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A916.
Short-term Outcomes of Transanal Hemorrhoidal Dearterialization With Mucopexy Versus Vessel-Sealing Device Hemorrhoidectomy for Grade III to IV Hemorrhoids: A Prospective Randomized Multicenter Trial
Authors: Trenti Loris , Biondo Sebastiano , Kreisler Moreno Esther , Sanchez-Garcia Jose L. , Espin-Basany Eloy , Landaluce-Olavarria Aitor , Bermejo-Marcos Elena , Garcia-Martinez Maria T. , Alías Jiménez David , Jimenez Fernando , Alonso Adolfo , Manso Maria B. 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND:
Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization with mucopexy and vessel-sealing device hemorrhoidectomy seem to reduce postoperative pain compared with classic excisional hemorrhoidectomy, but whether one of them is superior remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE:
We compared transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization with mucopexy and vessel-sealing device hemorrhoidectomy.

DESIGN:
This was a multicenter, randomized controlled trial.

SETTING:
The study was conducted at 6 Spanish centers.

PATIENTS:
Patients aged ≥18 years with grade III to IV hemorrhoids were included.

INTERVENTIONS:
Patients were randomly assigned to transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization with mucopexy (n = 39) or vessel-sealing device hemorrhoidectomy (n = 41).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Primary outcome was the mean postoperative number of days in which patients needed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Secondary outcomes were postoperative pain, 30-day morbidity, patient satisfaction, Vaizey score, hemorrhoid symptoms score, return to work, and quality of life.

RESULTS:
More patients were still taking analgesia in the vessel-sealing device hemorrhoidectomy group during the second postoperative week compared with the transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization with mucopexy group (87.8% vs 53.8%; p = 0.002). For the transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization with mucopexy group, analgesia consumption continued until day 10.1 (mean; SD = 7.22 d), whereas in the vessel-sealing device hemorrhoidectomy group it continued until day 15.2 (mean; SD = 8.70 d; p = 0.006). The mean daily average pain was similar during the first (p = 0.900) and second postoperative weeks (p = 0.265). Mean operative time was higher for the transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization with mucopexy group versus the vessel-sealing device hemorrhoidectomy group (45 min; range, 40–60 vs 20 min; range, 15–41 min; p < 0.001). Postoperative complications rate, use of laxatives, patient satisfaction, Vaizey score, hemorrhoids symptoms score, return to work, and quality of life at 1 month after surgery were similar between groups.

LIMITATIONS:
The main limitation of this study was that the 2 groups did not contain equal numbers of grade III and IV hemorrhoids.

CONCLUSIONS:
Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization with mucopexy is associated with a shorter need for postoperative analgesia compared with vessel-sealing device hemorrhoidectomy. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A915.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:
clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02654249.
Determination of Endogenous Concentrations of Uracil and Dihydrouracil in Dried Saliva Spots by LC-MS/MS: Method Development, Validation, and Clinical Application
Authors: Antunes Marina Venzon , Raymundo Suziane , Cezimbra da Silva Anne Caroline , Muller Victoria Vendramini , Vicente Neto Olavo José , Schwartsmann Gilberto , Linden Rafael 
Published: February 2019

Background:
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for the measurement of uracil (U) and dihydrouracil (UH2) concentrations in dried saliva spots (DSSs), for the evaluation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme activity.

Results:
Nine 18-mm diameter DSS discs were extracted with acetate:isopropyl alcohol (85:15, vol/vol) and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The assay was linear in the range of 10–1000 ng·mL−1, with accuracy between 89% and 112% and precision between 5.7% and 13%. The metabolic ratio [UH2]/[U] was stable in DSS for up to 9 days at 45°C. Concentrations of U and UH2, as well as the metabolic ratio, were highly concordant between matrices. Using a metabolic ratio classification cutoff of 1.16 for the identification of slow DPD metabolizers, 98.7% concordance was achieved between SS and saliva.

Conclusions:
DSS samples could be a useful alternative for DPD activity screening, particularly in locations with limited access to highly equipped laboratories.
Exercise Testing and Exercise Rehabilitation for Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Keteyian Steven J. , Ehrman Jonathan K. , Fuller Brittany , Pack Quinn R. 
Published: February 2019

Introduction and Purpose:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia associated with an increasing prevalence with advancing age. It is associated with dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and increased risk for clinical events, especially stroke and heart failure. This article provides a concise review of exercise testing and rehabilitation in patients with persistent or permanent AF.

Clinical Considerations:
The first goal in the treatment of AF is to reduce symptoms (eg, palpitations) and a fast ventricular rate. The second goal is to reduce the risk of a stroke. Exercise testing and rehabilitation may be useful once these goals are achieved. However, there are no large, randomized exercise training trials involving patients with AF, and what data are available comes from single-site trials, secondary analyses, and observational studies.

Exercise Testing and Training:
There are no specific indications for performing a graded exercise test in patients with AF; however, such testing may be used to screen for myocardial ischemia or evaluate chronotropic response during exertion. Among patients with AF, exercise capacity is 15% to 20% lower and peak heart rate is higher than in patients in sinus rhythm. Exercise rehabilitation improves exercise capacity, likely improves quality of life, and may improve symptoms associated with AF. Whole-body aerobic exercise is recommended.

Summary:
Atrial fibrillation is a common cardiac condition and in these patients, exercise rehabilitation favorably improves exercise capacity. However, prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to better define the effects of exercise training on safety; quality of life; clinical outcomes; and central, autonomic, and peripheral adaptations.
Health care staff responses to disinvestment—A systematic search and qualitative thematic synthesis
Authors: Mitchell Deb , Bowles Kelly-Ann , O'Brien Lisa , Bardoel Anne , Haines Terry 
Published: February 2019

Background
Health care services must deliver high-quality, evidence-based care that represents sound value. Disinvestment is the process of withdrawing resources from any existing health care practices that deliver low gain for their cost and reallocating these toward practices that are more effective, efficient, and cost-effective, thus benefiting patients and the community.

Purpose
This is the first review to examine the responses of health care staff to disinvestment and investigate the factors that increase the likelihood of these staff accepting disinvestment or reallocation of resources from the health services they provide.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search of five electronic databases using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) framework. A critical appraisal process of the quality of the included studies was performed by two authors. We undertook a thematic synthesis of the qualitative data to develop an overarching narrative.

Results
Twelve studies were identified for synthesis and all found that the disinvestment process was challenging and controversial for those health care staff involved. Negative staff reactions to disinvestment identified were anxiety, disempowerment, distrust, and feelings of being dismissed and disrespected. Engagement with disinvestment was observed when staff were invited to participate in a process they considered transparent and in the best interests of the community.

Practice Recommendations
Health care staff have a strong professional identity associated with autonomy in their decision making in the provision of health care services. Disinvestment from a service that health care staff can usually choose to provide threatens this identity. Engaging clinical champions to lead change, using rigorous patient outcome data, and transparent decision-making processes may assist health care staff to embrace a new identity as innovators and accept disinvestment in low-value health care.