bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MLTL Multi-type: A Typed Logic for Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Hariharan Gokul , Kempa Brian , Wongpiromsarn Tichakorn , Jones Phillip , Rozier Kristin 
Published: November 2024

Modern cyber-physical systems-of-systems (CPSoS) operate in complex systems-of-systems that must seamlessly work together to control safety- or mission-critical functions. Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) and Mission-time Linear Temporal logic (MLTL) intuitively express CPSoS requirements for automated system verification and validation. However, both LTL and MLTL presume that all signals populating the variables in a formula are sampled over the same rate and type (e.g., time or distance), and agree on a standard “time” step. Formal verification of cyber-physical systems-of-systems needs validate-able requirements expressed over (sub-)system signals of different types, such as signals sampled at different timescales, distances, or levels of abstraction, expressed in the same formula. Previous works developed more expressive logics to account for types (e.g., timescales) by sacrificing the intuitive simplicity of LTL. However, a legible direct one-to-one correspondence between a verbal and formal specification will ease validation, reduce bugs, increase productivity, and linearize the workflow from a project’s conception to actualization. Validation includes both transparency for human interpretation, and tractability for automated reasoning, as CPSoS often run on resource-limited embedded systems. To address these challenges, we introduced Mission-time Linear Temporal Logic Multi-type (Hariharan et al., Numerical Software Verification Workshop, 2022), a logic building on MLTL. MLTLM enables writing formal requirements over finite input signals (e.g., sensor signals and local computations) of different types, while maintaining the same simplicity as LTL and MLTL. Furthermore, MLTLM maintains a direct correspondence between a verbal requirement and its corresponding formal specification. Additionally, reasoning a formal specification in the intended type (e.g., hourly for an hourly rate, and per second for a seconds rate) will use significantly less memory in resource-constrained hardware. This article extends the previous work with (1) many illustrated examples on types (e.g., time and space) expressed in the same specification, (2) proofs omitted for space in the workshop version, (3) proofs of succinctness of MLTLM compared to MLTL, and (4) a minimal translation to MLTL of optimal length.
Molluscicidal Activity of Extracts and Fractions From Hagenia abyssinica, Rosa abyssinica, and Cucumis ficifolius Against Biomphalaria and Bulinus Snails
Authors: Basha Hirut , Debella Asfaw , Endale Milkyas , Debebe Eyob , Mathewos Meharu , Biftu Tesfaye , Mamo Hassen 
Published: November 2024

Background: Schistosomiasis continues to be a major public health concern in Ethiopia. Eliminating the intermediate host snails is an effective and cost‐efficient strategy for preventing and controlling schistosomiasis transmission. However, chemical molluscicides have limitations due to their toxicity to nontarget aquatic organisms, environmental concerns, and the development of resistance. Plant‐based molluscicides are biodegradable, less toxic, safe, and cost‐effective.Objective: This study is aimed at evaluating the molluscicidal activity of Hagenia abyssinica flowers, Rosa abyssinica fruits, and Cucumis ficifolius roots against Biomphalaria and Bulinus species.Methods: Adult Biomphalaria and Bulinus species were subjected to varying concentrations of aqueous and 70% ethanol extracts and solvent partitions from H. abyssinica, R. abyssinica, and C. ficifolius for 24, 48, and 72 h. The investigation involved conducting a phytochemical analysis using standard screening methods. Female mice were subjected to an acute oral toxicity test using a 70% ethanol extract of H. abyssinica, R. abyssinica, and C. ficifolius. The mortality data were then determined using GraphPad Prism 9 software.Results: Aqueous and 70% ethanol extracts of R. abyssinica and C. ficifolius did not exhibit molluscicidal activities against Biomphalaria and Bulinus species. However, aqueous, 70% ethanol, and chloroform extracts of H. abyssinica showed significant molluscicidal activities against Biomphalaria species with 24‐h LC50 values of 39.05, 11.93, and 5.52 mg/L, respectively. Similarly, the LC50 values of the same extracts against Bulinus species after 24 h of exposure were 40.08, 12.23, and 6.13 mg/L, respectively. The plant extract’s LD50 for acute toxicity against mice was found to be over 2000 mg/kg of body weight.Conclusion: H. abyssinica demonstrated potent molluscicidal activity, making it a potential candidate for application. Further isolation of active ingredients and field trials are necessary to determine the optimal conditions for its use in snail control.
Antitumor Activity and Biomarker Analysis for TROP2 Antibody–Drug Conjugate Datopotamab Deruxtecan in Patient-Derived Breast Cancer Xenograft Models
Authors: Meric-Bernstam Funda , Yuca Erkan , Evans Kurt W. , Zhao Ming , Maejima Takanori , Karibe Tsuyoshi , Raso Maria Gabriela , Tang Ximing , Zheng Xiaofeng , Rizvi Yasmeen Qamar , Akcakanat Argun , Scott Stephen M. , Wang Bailiang , Byers Lauren A. , Tripathy Debu , Okajima Daisuke , Damodaran Senthil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) is a humanized anti–trophoblast cell-surface antigen-2 (TROP2) IgG1 mAb linked to a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor payload (DXd). Dato-DXd has already shown antitumor activity in breast cancer; however, the determinants of response, including the importance of TROP2 expression, remain unclear. We tested the activity of Dato-DXd in a panel of breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (BCX) varying in TROP2 expression.

Experimental Design:
The antitumor activity of Dato-DXd and isotype-control-DXd (IgG-DXd) was assessed against 11 BCXs varying in TROP2 expression, 10 representing tumors postneoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pharmacodynamic effects were assessed at 24 and 72 hours. The effects of TROP2 expression on Dato-DXd activity was assessed in vitro and in vivo using viral overexpression in BCX-derived cell lines.

Results:
Models differed in their sensitivity to both Dato-DXd and IgG-DXd. Dato-DXd (10 mg/kg) led to objective response in 4 (36%) models and statistically significant prolongation of event-free survival in 8 (73%) models, whereas IgG-DXd (10 mg/kg) led to response in 1 (9%) and prolonged event-free survival in 3 (27%) models. TROP2 RNA and protein were significantly higher in Dato-DXd–sensitive models. In isogenic cell lines derived from Dato-DXd–resistant BCXs, overexpression of TROP2 conferred Dato-DXd antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Dato-DXd increased γH2AX and phospho-KAP1 in the two Dato-DXd–sensitive BCXs but not in a Dato-DXd–resistant BCX. In Dato-DXd–sensitive models, antitumor activity was enhanced in combination with a PARP inhibitor, olaparib.

Conclusions:
Dato-DXd is active in breast cancer models. Dato-DXd has TROP2-dependent and -independent mediators of activity; however, high TROP2 expression enhances Dato-DXd antitumor activity.
STAT5 Activation Enhances Adoptive Therapy Combined with Peptide Vaccination by Preventing PD-1 Inhibition
Authors: Fan Aaron E. , Sultan Hussein , Kumai Takumi , Fesenkova Valentyna I. , Wu Juan , Klement John D. , Bernstock Joshua D. , Friedman Gregory K. , Celis Esteban 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using retrovirally transduced T cells represents a promising strategy for enhancing antitumor responses. When used with TriVax, a peptide vaccination strategy, this approach synergistically expands antigen-specific cell populations. STAT5 plays a vital role as a transcription factor in regulating T-cell proliferation and their differentiation into effector and memory T cells. We aimed to explore the combination therapy using CD8 T cells engineered to express constitutively active STAT5 (CA-STAT5) with vaccines. CD8 T cells were transduced with a retrovirus (RV) encoding the mouse gp100 T-cell receptor (TCR). In certain treatment groups, cells were also co-transduced with RV encoding CA-STAT5. We assessed transduction efficiency and functional activity through flow cytometry and various functional assays. B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were treated with ACT using RV-transduced CD8 T cells and subsequently vaccinated with TriVax. We demonstrate that TriVax selectively enhanced the expansion of ACT cell populations bearing gp100-specific TCRs. T cells engineered to express CA-STAT5 showed not only increased expansion and polyfunctionality but also reduced PD-1 expression, leading to decreased cellular exhaustion. In a B16F10 melanoma mouse model, our approach yielded a potent antitumor effect, with CA-STAT5 further amplifying this response. We found that CA-STAT5 improved antitumor activities, in part, by attenuating the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory pathway. These findings indicate that TCR-transduced CD8 T cells can undergo antigen-dependent expansion when exposed to TriVax. Additionally, the expression of CA-STAT5 enhances T-cell proliferation and persistence, partly by promoting resistance to PD-1/PD-L1–mediated inhibition in antitumor T cells.
Nuclear Focal Adhesion Kinase Protects against Cisplatin Stress in Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Ojalill Marjaana , Boyer Antonia , Chen Xiao Lei , Tahon Elise , Thivolle Lioux Gaëtan , Xia Marvin , Abbas Maryam , Soylu Halime Meryem , Flieder Douglas B. , Connolly Denise C. , Molinolo Alfredo A. , McHale Michael T. , Stupack Dwayne G. , Schlaepfer David D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Tumor chemotherapy resistance arises frequently and limits high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patient survival. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is an intracellular protein–tyrosine kinase encoded by PTK2, a gene that is often gained in HGSOC. Canonically, FAK functions at the cell periphery. However, FAK also transits to the nucleus to modulate gene expression. We find that FAK is tyrosine-phosphorylated and nuclear-localized in tumors of patients with HGSOC surviving neoadjuvant platinum–paclitaxel chemotherapy and that FAK nuclear accumulation occurs upon subcytotoxic cisplatin exposure to ovarian tumor cells in vitro. FAK nuclear localization sequence (NLS) mutational inactivation resulted in tumor cell sensitization to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo relative to wild-type FAK-reconstituted ovarian tumor cells. Cisplatin cytotoxicity was associated with elevated ERK MAPK activation in FAK NLS− cells, cisplatin-stimulated ERK activation was also enhanced upon loss of FAK activity or expression, and cisplatin-stimulated cell death was prevented by an inhibitor of ERK signaling. MAPK phosphastase-1 (MKP1) negatively regulates ERK signaling, and cisplatin-induced MKP1 levels were significantly elevated in wild-type FAK compared with FAK NLS− ovarian tumor cells. Notably, small-molecule MKP1 inhibition enhanced both cisplatin-stimulated ERK phosphorylation and ovarian tumor cell death. Together, our results show that FAK expression, activity, and nuclear localization limit cisplatin cytotoxicity in part by regulating MKP1 levels and preventing noncanonical ERK/MAPK activation.

Significance:
FAK inhibitors are in combinatorial clinical testing with agents that prevent Ras–Raf–MAPK pathway activation in various cancers. This study suggests that nuclear FAK limits ERK/MAPK activation in supporting HGSOC cell survival to cisplatin stress. Overall, it is likely that targets of FAK-mediated survival signaling may be tumor type– and context-dependent.
DPABI harmonization: A toolbox for harmonizing multi-site brain imaging for big-data era
Authors: Wang Yu-Wei , Wang Han-Lin , Yan Chao-Gan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Pooling multi-site datasets is the dominant trend to expand sample sizes in neuroimaging field, thereby enhancing statistical power and reproducibility of research findings. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity derived from aggregating data from various imaging sites obstructs efficient inferences. Our recent study thoroughly assessed methods for harmonizing multi-site resting-state fMRI images, accelerating progress and providing initial application instructions. Despite this advancement, the removal of such site effects generally necessitates a certain level of programming expertise. In our effort to streamline the harmonization of site effects using advanced methodologies, we are pleased to introduce the DPABI Harmonization module. This versatile tool, allowing agnostic to specific analysis methods, integrates a range of techniques, including the state-of-the-art Subsampling Maximum-mean-distance Algorithms (SMA, recommended), ComBat/CovBat, linear models, and invariant conditional variational auto-encoder (ICVAE). It equips neuroscientists with an easy-to-use and transparent harmonization workflow, ensuring the feasibility of post-hoc analysis for multi-site studies.
Solar Market Frictions: The Role of Platforms and Policies
Authors: Dorsey Jackson 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper estimates a structural model of the solar photovoltaic (PV) installation market using detailed data from an online platform. The model incorporates households' solar installation choices and sellers' strategic bidding. Counterfactual simulations evaluate how equilibrium outcomes respond to changes in market structure and government subsidies, yielding two main results: (1) an increase from one to five bids through the platform reduces gross installation prices by $4,000 (15.5%), and (2) the U.S. Solar Investment Tax Credit increases total surplus on the platform by $1.35 per dollar of subsidy expenditure by mitigating market power and reducing pollution externalities.
Improving Workers' Performance in Small Firms: A Randomized Experiment on Goal Setting in Ghana
Authors: Cettolin Elena , Cole Kym , Dalton Patricio S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We report the results of a cost-effective intervention to improve workers' performance in small cassava processing firms in Ghana. We train workers to track their daily output and then randomly assign a sub-sample to set daily production goals. Achieving or missing a goal does not carry monetary consequences. Goal setting increases workers' output by 16%, their productivity by 8% and the average product of labor in firms by 13%. Goal setting is particularly effective for piece-rate workers, increasing their output by 32% and productivity by 24%. While not conclusive, evidence suggests that goals serve as a self-regulation device.
Truth in Sentencing, Incentives and Recidivism
Authors: Macdonald David C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Parole was eliminated for many US offenders by Truth-in-Sentencing (TIS) laws in the 1990s. I exploit the introduction of TIS in Arizona to explore its impact on offenders before, during, and after incarceration. TIS Offenders were assigned significantly shorter sentences, largely eliminating the intended increase in punishment. These offenders reduced their rehabilitative effort while incarcerated, with rule infractions increasing by 22% and education enrollment falling by 24%. Finally, TIS offenders became 23% more likely to return to prison for a new conviction. I argue these effects were driven by TIS removing parole incentives, given that time served remained largely unchanged.
Exploitative Contracting in a Life Cycle Savings Model
Authors: Sulka Tomasz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper analyses the interaction between a present-biased saver and profit-maximising financial providers. Using a tractable theoretical model, I find that a naïve present-biased agent selects an ‘ineffciently cheap’ (low-yield, low-fee) contract when the income effect of an interest rate change is sufficiently strong, and an ‘inefficiently expensive’ (high-yield, high-fee) contract otherwise. Subsequently, I embed the contract choice in a calibrated life-cycle model. Given the extent of present bias, exploitative contracting reduces the naïve agent's pension wealth by 8%, lowering expected annual consumption in retirement by 3%. The associated loss of consumer welfare corresponds to 0:23% of annual consumption.
The Effect of Franchise No-Poaching Restrictions on Worker Earnings
Authors: Callaci Brian , Gibson Matthew , Pinto Sérgio , Steinbaum Marshall , Walsh Matt 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We evaluate the nationwide impact of the Washington State Attorney General's 2018-20 enforcement campaign against no-poach clauses in franchising contracts, which prohibited worker movement across locations within a chain. Implementing a staggered difference-in-differences research design using Burning Glass Technologies job vacancies and Glassdoor salary reports from numerous industries, we estimate a 6% increase in posted annual earnings from the job vacancy data and a 4% increase in worker-reported earnings.
The Impact of Fear on Police Behavior and Public Safety
Authors: Cho Sungwoo , Gonçalves Felipe , Weisburst Emily 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We examine how changes in the salience of workplace risk affect police behavior and public safety. Specifically, we investigate cases of police officer deaths while on duty. Officers respond to a peer death by decreasing arrest activity for one to two months, consistent with heightened fear. Reductions are largest for low-level arrests and are more pronounced in smaller cities. Crime does not increase on average during this period, nor do we observe crime spikes in cities with larger or longer arrest declines. While shocks to perceived fatality risk generate substantial enforcement responses, officer fear is unlikely to harm public safety.
How Does a Dry General Circulation Model Represent Atmospheric Blocking?
Authors: Deshmukh Vinita , Rivière Gwendal , Fromang Sébastien , Saint-Lu Marion 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
While dry dynamics has been a key framework for understanding blocking events, recent studies have highlighted the significant role of moist processes in blocking life cycles. However, it remains unclear whether moist processes introduce unique characteristics in the blocking life cycle that cannot be captured by dry dynamics or whether they are a source of extra energy for synoptic eddies that are needed to form realistic blocking circulations. Our approach to address the above squestion is to perform a long-term simulation of a dry general circulation model (GCM) with synoptic eddy energy and mean flow characteristics close to the winter climatology of ERA5 reanalysis. Blocking frequencies are found to be reduced by about one-third in the model compared to ERA5 using a blocking detection based on potential vorticity (PV). This moderate underestimation of blocking frequency in the dry model is due to rarer favorable conditions to initiate a blocking anticyclone. The model needs episodes of weaker eastward flows than in ERA5 to compensate for the weaker westward expansion of the blocking anticyclone associated with the smaller divergent winds. The main characteristics of the blocks (intensity, size, duration) are similar in the two datasets despite some slight structural differences: ERA5 blocks are more Ω shaped, and blocks in the dry model are more dipole shaped. Even though the origins of the air parcels forming a blocking anticyclone are very different in the two datasets, the dry model compensates for its less efficient transport of low-PV air from low levels by transporting more efficiently low-PV air from lower latitudes at upper levels.
Effect of Northeast Pacific Wind on the Improvement of El Niño Prediction in a Climate Model
Authors: Huang Jing , Wang Xin , Song Zhenya , Chen Sheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The role of the northeast Pacific wind in the dynamics of El Niño has been proposed in previous theoretical studies. However, the actual effect of northeast Pacific wind on improving El Niño prediction remains unclear, and the mechanisms through which northeast Pacific improves El Niño predictions are not fully understood. In this study, we investigate the role of northeast Pacific wind in improving El Niño prediction. By utilizing CESM that assimilates the northeast Pacific wind, the model improves prediction skills of ENSO indices at a lead time of 6–12 months, with a correlation three times higher than the predictions without nudged northeast Pacific wind. Nudging northeast Pacific wind in the model enhances the prediction of central Pacific (CP) El Niño, thus leading to approximately 30% increase in the hit ratio of correct prediction of El Niño. However, the model overestimates CP El Niño predictions when the nudged northeast Pacific wind is incorporated. The mechanisms for the improvement of northeast Pacific wind in El Niño predictions are investigated. In spring, El Niño development is attributed to the wind–evaporation–SST (WES) feedback and oceanic downwelling induced by subtropical westerly wind stress. In contrast, during summer, El Niño development is dominated by the summer deep convection (SDC) response. During subsequent summer–autumn, anomalous surface latent heat flux related to wind speed and net shortwave radiation associated with the low cloud–SST feedback contribute to El Niño development. These processes are more favorable for CP El Niño development. This study implies that accurately simulating air–sea coupling associated with northeast Pacific wind may be an effective approach in improving El Niño prediction.
Can a 12-km GFS Model Simulate the Observed Relationship between Cloud Optical Properties and Extreme Rainfall of Indian Summer Monsoon?
Authors: Goswami Tanmoy , Mukhopadhyay Parthasarathi , Krishna R. Phani Murali , Rajeevan M. , Chowdhuri Subharthi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation in different parts of the world is well documented and a cause for concern in terms of global climate change. Although clouds are the only source of precipitation, there is a lack of knowledge about the type of clouds involved in extreme precipitation events. Satellite- and ground-based observations show that over the central Indian region (19°–26°N, 75°–85°E), about 60% of the extreme precipitation comes from deep convective clouds (DCCs), which have a cloud-top pressure (CTP) of less than 440 hPa and a cloud optical thickness (COT) of over 23. It was also observed that cloud liquid water (CLW) and COT show the highest correlation with extreme precipitation. Furthermore, CLW and COT show the highest contrast between extreme and nonextreme precipitation events. Simulations by a 12-km Global Forecast System (GFS, spectral) model show that the model underestimates the extreme precipitation threshold with increased forecast lead time. The simulation of associated cloud optical parameters is also poor at all lead times in different parts of India. The model also fails to capture the observed relationship between the frequency of extreme precipitation and deep convective clouds without showing any correlation between them at all lead times. This is possibly because the model simulates the observed vertical structure of the apparent heat source poorly at all lead times which leads to poor simulation of the observed relationship between cloud optical properties and extreme rainfall.

Significance Statement
The occurrence of extreme rainfall events is on the rise across the globe, and India is no exception. Clouds are the only source of rainfall; however, there is a lack of understanding about what type of clouds is causing them. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the relationship between cloud, convection, and extreme rainfall events during the Indian summer monsoon months. Furthermore, it is also important to investigate the skill of the current-generation global models to simulate them. This study highlights how cloud optical properties, convection, and extreme rainfall events are related to each other and also finds that a 12-km GFS model simulates these observed relationships poorly at all lead times leading to the poor simulation of extreme rainfall events.