bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gold Nanoparticles Cause Radiosensitization in 4T1 Cells by Inhibiting DNA Double Strand Break Repair: Single Cell Comparisons of DSB Formation and γH2AX Expression
Authors: Atkinson Jake , Chopin Joshua , Bezak Eva , Le Hien , Kempson Ivan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMetal nanoparticles sensitize cancers to radiotherapy however their mechanisms of action are complex. The conceptual inspiration arose from theories of physical dose deposition however various chemical and biological factors have also been identified. Interpretation of data has been limited by challenges in measuring true DNA damage compared to DNA damage repair factors. Here, we applied a new assay, STRIDE, for the first time to measure DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in 4T1 cells as a model of triple negative breast cancer exposed to gold nanoparticles and radiation, and compared this to the common γH2AX assay for DSB repair. The STRIDE assay showed no increase in DSB detection 15 mins after irradiation for cells containing nanoparticles compared to cells without. Gold nanoparticles led to prolonged detection of DSBs after irradiation and delayed the DSB repair. The data show no evidence of increased radiation dose deposition with nanoparticles, but rather enhanced radiobiological effects resulting from nanoparticles which includes disruption of the recruitment of essential DDR machinery, thereby impairing DNA repair processes.
Radiation and DNA Origami Nanotechnology: Probing Structural Integrity at the Nanoscale
Authors: Ameixa João , Sala Leo , Kocišek Jaroslav , Bald Ilko 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDNA nanotechnology has emerged as a groundbreaking field, using DNA as a scaffold to create nanostructures with customizable properties. These DNA nanostructures hold potential across various domains, from biomedicine to studying ionizing radiation‐matter interactions at the nanoscale. This review explores how the various types of radiation, covering a spectrum from electrons and photons at sub‐excitation energies to ion beams with high‐linear energy transfer influence the structural integrity of DNA origami nanostructures. We discuss both direct effects and those mediated by secondary species like low‐energy electrons (LEEs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further we discuss the possibilities for applying radiation in modulating and controlling structural changes. Based on experimental insights, we identify current challenges in characterizing the responses of DNA nanostructures to radiation and outline further areas for investigation. This review not only clarifies the complex dynamics between ionizing radiation and DNA origami but also suggests new strategies for designing DNA nanostructures optimized for applications exposed to various qualities of ionizing radiation and their resulting byproducts.
Impacting Non‐Covalent Interactions through Vibrational Strong Coupling
Authors: Maiti Sourav , Maheswar Kothapalli Gnana , Nagarajan Kalaivanan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLight‐matter strong coupling, especially Vibrational Strong Coupling (VSC), has become a significant research focus due to its potential to alter materials’ inherent physical and chemical properties. Remarkably, VSC operates even in the absence of light, harnessing subtle quantum fluctuations to influence material characteristics. Vibro‐polaritonic states, which are half photonic and half material, are introduced in the molecular/material energy ladder under VSC conditions. Although the underlying mechanism remains elusive, it is proposed that these hybrid states may modify chemical reactivity and other properties by altering factors such as polarity, polarizability, and Van der Waals interactions. This evolving field, vibro‐polaritonic chemistry, holds vast potential for deeper exploration, particularly within molecular sciences. This Review examines VSC's observed effects on non‐bonding interactions, including hydrogen bonding and π‐π interactions, typically governed by dispersive forces.
Quantification of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Release in Primary Ventricular Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Afsar Md Nure Alam , Akter Mahmuda , Ko Christopher Y. , Sequeira Vasco , Olgar Yusuf , Johnson Christopher N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the heart, ion channels generate electrical currents that signal muscle contraction through changes in intracellular calcium concentration, i.e., [Ca2+]. The cardiac ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) is the predominant ion channel responsible for increasing intracellular [Ca2+] by releasing Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Timely Ca2+ release is necessary for appropriate cardiac function, and dysfunction can cause or contribute to life‐threatening diseases such as arrhythmia. Quantification of SR‐Ca2+ release in the form of sparks and waves can provide valuable insight into RyR2 opening, and factors that influence or regulate channel function. Here, we provide a series of protocols that outline processes for (1) obtaining high‐quality isolated cardiomyocytes, (2) preparing samples for experimentally investigating factors that influence RyR2 function, and (3) data acquisition and analysis. Notably, our protocols leverage the potency of the recently developed myosin ATPase inhibitor, Mavacamten. This affords the opportunity to characterize the effects of small molecules or reconstituted proteins/enzymes on RyR2‐Ca2+ release events across a range of [Ca2+]. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Cardiomyocyte isolation from mouseBasic Protocol 2: Preparation of cardiomyocytes for Ca2+ imagingBasic Protocol 3: Confocal microscopy and quantitative Ca2+ analysis using SparkMaster 2
Evolution and relevance of research on Environmental, Social, and Governance factors
Authors: Estevez‐Mendoza Carlos , Infante Juan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the wake of a compelling societal shift and the subsequent widespread response across multiple industries, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors have emerged as a pivotal subject in scholarly literature. To gauge the significance of these contributions and facilitate objective exploration in future research, we employ bibliometric techniques. Thus, we identify the relevant authors and journals, and depict the evolution in the themes and pillars of the intellectual framework underpinning the topic. Our analysis covers 594 articles from 2007 to 2022, divided into two distinct periods. In the first period, the pillars are centered on contextualizing theories, the impact in terms of financial‐related performance, and the ethical implications within the domain of corporate social responsibility. In the subsequent period, there is a notable progression towards reinforcing theoretical foundations. The pillars shift towards more practical implications, focusing on challenges associated with investing based on ESG criteria, guiding stakeholders in adapting to this paradigm, and addressing risks tied to its implementation. Financial performance, disclosure in reporting, and socially responsible investments remain crucial matters, and the analysis of the environmental issues outnumber social, and governance ones in both periods. We discuss the potential implications and further lines of research.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation and Deuteration of Unsaturated C−N Bonds to Amines with Vacancy‐Rich Cu3P Nanowires as Catalysts in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Fang Zhiyong , Ding Yunxuan , Yuan Song , Wang Linqin , Wang Mei , Li Fusheng , Wu Xiujuan , Sun Licheng , Zhang Peili 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRenewable energy driven electrochemically hydrogenation of unsaturated C−N bonds with water as a hydrogen source provides an eco‐friendly route for amine production. However, the potential commercial applications of this strategy were limited by the lack of relevant extended research. Here we demonstrate an efficient electrochemical hydrogenation system for the formation of amines from nitriles by a vacancy‐rich copper phosphide catalyst. The catalytic system achieves a yield of 99 % and a Faraday efficiency of 99 % for the hydrogenation of benzonitrile. Mechanism study shows that benzonitrile is spontaneously adsorbed on the electrode surface and the electrogenerated active adsorbed hydrogen is the key reactive intermediate for hydrogenation. Theoretical calculation results show that vacancy‐induced active sites chemisorb the N atom, thus accelerating C≡N bond activation for hydrogenation. Encouragingly, good yields of amines (≥99 %) are obtained when benzonitrile is replaced by a series of aromatic nitriles, heterocyclic nitriles, aliphatic nitriles, and imines. These results show the general applicability of this method for the synthesis of various amines.
Asymmetric Charge Distribution in Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters for Boosted CO2 Reduction Catalysis
Authors: Du Yuanxin , Wang Pei , Fang Yi , Zhu Manzhou 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecently, atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) have been widely applied in CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), achieving exciting activity and selectivity and revealing structure‐performance correlation. However, at present, the efficiency of CO2RR is still unsatisfactory and cannot meet the requirements of practical applications. One of the main reasons is the difficulty in CO2 activation due to the chemical inertness of CO2. Constructing symmetry‐breaking active sites is regarded as an effective strategy to promote CO2 activation by modulating electronic and geometric structure of CO2 molecule. In addition, in the subsequent CO2RR process, asymmetric charge distributed sites can break the charge balance in adjacent adsorbed C1 intermediates and suppress electrostatic repulsion between dipoles, benefiting for C−C coupling to generate C2+ products. Although compared to single atoms, metal nanoparticles, and inorganic materials the research on the construction of asymmetric catalytic sites in metal NCs is in a newly‐developing stage, the precision, adjustability and diversity of metal NCs structure provide many possibilities to build asymmetric sites. This review summarizes several strategies of construction asymmetric charge distribution in metal NCs for boosting CO2RR, concludes the mechanism investigation paradigm of NCs‐based catalysts, and proposes the challenges and opportunities of NCs catalysis.
Inter‐ and Intraspecific Competition in Invasive Lactuca serriola and Co‐Occurring Weedy Plant Species
Authors: Woo Sohyun , Kim Tae‐Min , Kim Yousuk , Jeong Seorin , Kim Eunsuk 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWhile invasive success of alien plant species is often attributed to their superior competitive abilities, it is also suggested that competitive ability depends on the target species of competition and resource availability. In addition, it remains unclear whether invaders and co‐occurring plants in the introduced area exhibit distinctive inter‐ and intraspecific competitive intensities. This study aimed to evaluate the competitive ability of a successful invader, Lactuca serriola, through a combination of field surveys and a growth chamber experiment. First, we assessed biodiversity and the biomass of co‐occurring plants in both L. serriola‐invaded and uninvaded plots across nine sites in South Korea. Subsequently, a pairwise competition experiment was conducted between L. serriola and three weedy plant species commonly found in the invaded plots, Chenopodium album, Erigeron canadensis, and Oenothera biennis, under differential nutrient levels. Diversity indices of plant communities and the biomass of most co‐occurring plants showed no significant difference between invaded and uninvaded plots. L. serriola and testing weedy plants exhibited mutually negative effects on biomass when grown together in the same pot, with the intensity of interspecific competition being comparable across nutrient treatments. Notably, intraspecific competition of L. serriola was weaker than testing weedy plants, particularly manifest in the high‐nutrient treatment. The results of both field and growth‐chamber studies demonstrated that L. serriola was not a particularly strong competitor compared to its neighboring weedy plants. Its successful invasion can be partially attributed to its weak intraspecific competition intensity, which potentially facilitate successful establishment with high density.
Patterns and drivers of cottonwood mortality in the middle Rio Grande, New Mexico, USA
Authors: Varani Hannah , Margolis Ellis Q. , Muldavin Esteban H. , Pockman William T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRiparian ecosystems are some of the most valuable and vulnerable on the planet. Riparian tree mortality is increasing in the western United States, where altered streamflows are combining with warming climate. Between 2011 and 2013, one third of an extensive stand of Populus deltoides var. wislizeni (Rio Grande cottonwood) died along the middle Rio Grande on the Pueblo of Santa Ana in New Mexico. Mortality coincided with a severe drought that followed a decade of decreasing streamflow, but it was heterogeneous, with adjacent patches of dead and live trees. The goal of this research was to determine the drivers of mortality to provide insights into future risks of die‐off and potential management interventions. We compared tree age, competition, tree‐ring widths, sediment particle size and climate influences between live and dead forest patches in a nested plot design. Live and dead trees had similar age, stand density and particle sizes of shallow sediments. Tree‐ring widths had the highest correlations with July–September streamflow (1932–2013). All trees had declining ring growth since 1992, coinciding with declining late summer streamflow. An accelerated decline in growth began in 2002, corresponding to recent warmer droughts. Trees that died had lower ring growth 3 years prior to death and in the mid‐1900s. Dead trees also had coarser deep sediments 2.4–3.7 m below ground, suggesting that reduced water holding capacity was an important factor for mortality. Water management to increase streamflow during the late summer, especially during times of extended drought, could reduce mortality risk in the face of projected increasingly warm droughts.
Numerical Simulation Study of the Effect of Vegetation Cover on the Flow Characteristics of an Open Channel
Authors: Zhang Shengtang , Zhao Wenhao , Lan Yufen , Zhang Jingzhou 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTVegetation in rivers has a significant influence on flow characteristics. A numerical simulation was conducted to study the impact of different vegetation coverage on the flow characteristics in open channels, using ANSYS Fluent for a three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics analysis. The results showed that as vegetation coverage increased, the water resistance effect was enhanced. In experiments with the same vegetation coverage, the group with more vegetation exhibited a more significant flow resistance effect. Additionally, as vegetation coverage increased, the turbulent kinetic energy also increased, with a range of 35.7%–82.5%. In experiments with the same vegetation coverage, the group with more vegetation had higher turbulent kinetic energy, with an increase ranging from 39.8% to 69.8%.
Modification of the Spin Transition Properties in Hetero‐Anionic Iron(II)‐Triazole Complexes
Authors: Kilic Maximilian Seydi , Merchant Isabel Mae , Elliott Erika , Pawlak Justus , Brehme Jules , Sander Arthur , Suzuki Taisei , Shiga Takuya , Nihei Masayuki , Renz Franz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe phenomenon which is called spin crossover is known to occur in some coordination compounds with an octahedral ligand field and electron configurations from 3d4 to 3d7. Thereby, a reversible transition between spin states (high spin and low spin state) is possible, through several external stimuli. Iron(II) triazole complexes exhibit this phenomenon at a wide range of temperatures depending on the ligands and anions used. For this reason, they are often considered for several possible practical applications. It is also possible to combine ligands or anions to modify the transition temperature. The latter of which was rarely discussed in the past. In this study we synthesized a series of iron(II)‐4‐Aminotriazole complexes, with different ratios of chloride‐ and tetrafluoroborate‐anions, of the formula [Fe(Atrz)3]Cl2−X(BF4)X. We show that the combination of these anions leads to transition temperatures between those of their corresponding pure anion complexes. We furthermore present that a simple modification of the synthesis leads to a possible easy way of fine‐tuning transitions temperatures.
Advances in Combined Asymmetric Catalysis of Transition Metal/Phase Transfer Catalysts
Authors: Dong Yi‐Fan , Wang Si‐Ru , Han Zhi‐Yong , Wu Xiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhase‐transfer catalysts (PTCs) are chemical agents that facilitate the transfer of molecules or ions between different reaction phases, thereby accelerating heterogeneous reaction processes. Transition metal catalysts are renowned for their versatility in breaking inert chemical bonds and forming new carbon‐carbon bonds. Over the past two decades, integrating metal catalysts with phase‐transfer catalysts has emerged as a highly valuable and adaptable strategy in modern organic synthesis. This combined catalytic approach highlights the enhanced synthetic capabilities and demonstrates the benefits of merging these two catalytic systems. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in asymmetric catalysis that utilize the synergy between metal and phase‐transfer catalysts, focusing on their role in the rapid and efficient synthesis of complex organic molecules with precise stereochemistry.
Optimization of aloe vera‐sodium alginate composite coating using L16 orthogonal design for extension of shelf life of mushroom
Authors: Fatima Sumaiya , Kumar Vivek , Bhadauria Geeta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhite button mushrooms are highly nutritive, rich in various macro and micro nutrients, however, have a short shelf life with weight loss (WL), enzymatic browning, and loss in firmness as the major quality defects. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of aloe vera‐sodium alginate (AV‐SA) composite coating on the quality attributes of mushroom. The development of coating formulations containing 2% sodium alginate along with varying concentration of aloe vera gel 20%–80% and storage time 4–16 days was planned using a 2‐factor 4‐level orthogonal array (L16) design of Taguchi technique. The influence of both the process parameters on the WL, total soluble solids (TSS), respiration rate (RR), browning index (BI), firmness, electrolyte leakage rate (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid (AA), total phenolic content (TPC), enzymes activity (polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase), and yeast and mold count (YMC) were evaluated and the optimized level of parameters was determined on the basis of the highest S/N ratios of the responses. The results indicated that 60% AV‐SA composite coating could extend the shelf life of white button mushrooms for up to 8 days with retarded loss in weight, firmness, AA, and TPC and reduced increase in TSS, BI, EL, MDA with controlled enzymatic activity, RR, and YMC.
Lactic Acid Bacteria Surface Proteins in the Mechanisms of Cell Adhesion and Immunoregulation
Authors: Meng Ziheng , Huang Xianqing , Qiao Mingwu , Song Lianjun , Liu Yufei , Hai Dan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study delves into the role of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) surface proteins in cell adhesion and immunoregulation. Using fluorescence microscopy, we observed distinct adhesion patterns on various cell types. LAB surface proteins demonstrated concentration‐dependent inhibition of Salmonella adhesion, with LAB69 exhibiting potent antagonistic effects. Genetic expression analysis revealed nuanced responses in key genes (MD2, TLR4, IL‐10, MUC3, MIF) across different cell types, highlighting the diverse immunomodulatory effects of LAB surface proteins. Modulation of pro‐inflammatory (TNF‐α) and anti‐inflammatory (IL‐10) cytokines further emphasized the complex interplay. In conclusion, this study underscores the pivotal role of LAB surface proteins in mediating cell adhesion and immunoregulation, providing a foundation for isolating specific immunomodulatory molecules within LAB surface proteins for potential applications in microbial ecological agents.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Role of Healthy and Unhealthy Dietary Patterns—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Vahedi Fard Mohammad , Mohammadhasani Kimia , Dehnavi Zahra , Khorasanchi Zahra 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and irreversible disease affecting many people worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that diet and lifestyle play a vital role in COPD progression. We aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the effect of healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns on preventing and treating COPD. For this reason, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched. Based on our findings, it appears that adhering to a healthy dietary pattern rich in vegetables, legumes, fruit, nuts, and whole grains may have advantageous impacts on preventing and treating COPD while following an unhealthy dietary pattern rich in red and processed meat, saturated fats, sweets, and sugary drinks affect COPD negatively. Adhering to Mediterranean, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), Prudent, Ketogenic, and High‐protein diet may be related to a lower risk of COPD and improved pulmonary function. Conversely, Western and Ramadan Intermittent Fasting diets may elevate the prevalence of COPD. Proposing a nutritious diet that enhances pulmonary function could potentially be an effective approach to preventing and managing COPD. A comprehensive knowledge of the relationship between dietary factors and COPD can provide healthcare professionals with properly supported approaches to advise patients and empower individuals to make informed lifestyle decisions that are beneficial to improve their pulmonary health.
A Comparative Analysis of Butter, Ghee, and Margarine and Its Implications for Healthier Fat and Oil Group Choices: SWOT Analysis
Authors: Mohammadi‐Nasrabadi F. , Rashidimehr A. , Khoshtinat Kh. , Alhouei B. , Massomian A. , Rashidian M. , Esfarjani F. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aims to comparatively analyze butter, ghee, and margarine fatty acid profiles and their implications for healthier fat and oil group choices. In this cross‐sectional study, 60 samples from best‐selling brands of butter, ghee, and margarine were randomly selected from five food chain stores in Tehran, Iran. Then, all the samples were coded, packed in cool conditions, and sent to the laboratory to determine the fatty acid profiles by using gas chromatography (GC). Based on the authors' experiences and the available literature, a policy dialogue session was held with stakeholders about oil and fat challenges, followed by a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis. The mean ± SE of total fatty acids in butter, ghee, and margarine was 94.07 ± 0.17, 94.49 ± 0.61, and 99.00 ± 0.18; total saturated fatty acid (TSFA) 66.69 ± 0.39, 64.26 ± 0.63, and 40.36 ± 0.87; trans fatty acid (TFA) 2.43 ± 0.09, 3.60 ± 0.29, and 0.83 ± 0.15 g/100 gfat, respectively. The predominant TFAs in butter and ghee were vaccenic acid (animal source) (2.06 ± 0.07 and 2.41 ± 0.17), while in margarine, it was elaidic acid (plant‐based source) (0.32 ± 0.12 g/100 gfat), respectively. Also, the SWOT findings showed being TFAs in the acceptable range (as the main strength), mismanagement (Weakness), reducing taxes based on lower TFA content (Opportunity), and sanctions (as the main Threat) were the most important criteria affecting fat choices in the Iranian food basket. The results of the study found that butter, ghee, and margarine contain relatively low levels of TFAs; however, butter and ghee were rich in beneficial fatty acids, which have been shown to have health‐protective properties. Policymakers can implicate the proposed strategies and opportunities from the SWOT analysis for healthier fat and oil choices to promote public health.