bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of anesthesia-related complications in brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Gruenheid Michaela , Aarnes Turi K. , McLoughlin Mary A. , Simpson Elaine M. , Mathys Dimitria A. , Mollenkopf Dixie F. , Wittum Thomas E. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether brachycephalic dogs were at greater risk of anesthesia-related complications than nonbrachycephalic dogs and identify other risk factors for such complications.
DESIGN Retrospective cohort study.
ANIMALS 223 client-owned brachycephalic dogs undergoing general anesthesia for routine surgery or diagnostic imaging during 2012 and 223 nonbrachycephalic client-owned dogs matched by surgical procedure and other characteristics.
PROCEDURES Data were obtained from the medical records regarding dog signalment, clinical signs, anesthetic variables, surgery characteristics, and complications noted during or following anesthesia (prior to discharge from the hospital). Risk of complications was compared between brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs, controlling for other factors.
RESULTS Perianesthetic (intra-anesthetic and postanesthetic) complications were recorded for 49.1% (n = 219) of all 446 dogs (49.8% [111/223] of brachycephalic and 48.4% [108/223] of nonbrachycephalic dogs), and postanesthetic complications were recorded for 8.7% (39/446; 13.9% [31/223] of brachycephalic and 3.6% [8/223] of nonbrachycephalic dogs). Factors associated with a higher perianesthetic complication rate included brachycephalic status and longer (vs shorter) duration of anesthesia; the risk of perianesthetic complications decreased with increasing body weight and with orthopedic or radiologic procedures (vs soft tissue procedures). Factors associated with a higher postanesthetic complication rate included brachycephalic status, increasing American Society of Anesthesiologists status, use of ketamine plus a benzodiazepine (vs propofol with or without lidocaine) for anesthetic induction, and invasive (vs noninvasive) procedures.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Controlling for other factors, brachycephalic dogs undergoing routine surgery or imaging were at higher risk of peri- and postanesthetic complications than nonbrachycephalic dogs. Careful monitoring is recommended for brachycephalic dogs in the perianesthetic period.
Investigation and characterization of Brucella canis infections in pet-quality dogs and associated human exposures during a 2007–2016 outbreak in Michigan
Authors: Johnson Cheri A. , Carter Todd D. , Dunn John R. , Baer Susan R. , Schalow Michele M. , Bellay Yvonne M. , Guerra Marta A. , Frank Nancy A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate Brucella canis seropositivity rates for purebred dogs being bred by noncommercial breeders, describe epidemiological findings in infected commercial dog-production facilities, and characterize B canis infection in pet dogs and the risk to human health.
DESIGN Retrospective descriptive study.
SAMPLE 2,799 canine specimens submitted to the Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for B canis testing and records of B canis reports provided to the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development from 2007 through 2016.
PROCEDURES Results of B canis laboratory tests and epidemiological findings for reported cases of B canis were reviewed and summarized. Federal and state public health officials were interviewed regarding human B canis infection. State veterinarians were interviewed regarding canine brucellosis reporting and control procedures.
RESULTS Estimated B canis seropositivity was 0.4% among purebred Michigan dogs owned by noncommercial breeders. Infection was confirmed in dogs from 17 commercial dog-production facilities, 3 shelters, and 1 rescue agency. Estimated infection prevalence in production facilities ranged from 2 of 22 (9%) to 5 of 6 (83%). Transfer of infected dogs involved 22 Michigan counties and 11 states. Seven of 20 privately owned infected dogs had diskospondylitis; I also had uveitis. Fifty-three veterinary hospital or diagnostic laboratory personnel had inadvertent exposure to the pathogen. Brucella canis was isolated from 1 commercial production facility owner.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE B canis was uncommon in purebred dogs being bred by noncommercial breeders but endemic in Michigan commercial facilities producing dogs destined to become household pets. Infected pet dogs caused human B canis exposure, and several pet dogs had debilitating disease not associated with the reproductive system.
Comparison of complication rates following elective arthroscopy performed as inpatient versus outpatient surgery in horses
Authors: Secor Erica J. , Gutierrez-Nibeyro Santiago D. , Clark-Price Stuart C. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report complication rates following elective arthroscopy in horses and determine whether postoperative complication rates are higher for outpatient procedures, compared with inpatient procedures.
DESIGN Retrospective cohort study.
ANIMALS 357 client-owned horses that had undergone 366 elective arthroscopic procedures between January 2008 and February 2015.
PROCEDURES Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected included signalment, travel time to the hospital, clinical signs, joints treated, lesions diagnosed, medications administered, anesthesia and surgery times, details of the procedure (including closure method and surgeons involved), and hospitalization status (inpatient or outpatient). Inpatients were horses that remained hospitalized overnight, and outpatients were horses that were discharged in the afternoon of the day of surgery. The collected data were analyzed along with follow-up information to identify factors associated with postoperative complications and potentially associated with hospitalization status.
RESULTS Data were collected on 366 elective arthroscopic procedures (outpatient, n = 168 [46%]; inpatient, 198 [54%]). Complications that occurred included bandage sores, catheter problems, colic, diarrhea, postoperative discomfort, esophageal impaction, fever, incisional drainage, postanesthetic myopathy, persistent synovitis, persistent lameness, septic arthritis, and osteochondral fragments not removed during the original surgery. None of these complications were associated with hospitalization status (outpatient vs inpatient). However, Standardbreds were overrepresented in the outpatient group, and anesthesia and surgery times were longer for the inpatient group.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that outpatient elective arthroscopy in healthy horses could be performed safely and without a higher risk of complications, com pared with similar procedures performed on an inpatient basis.
The Instrumental and Ideological Politicisation of Senior Positions in Poland’s Civil Service and its Selected Consequences
Authors: Mazur Stanisław , Możdżeń Michał , Oramus Marek 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The article focuses on the problem of the civil service’s dependence on its political superiors in Poland in 1996–2017. It aims to analyse the motivations of politicians responsible for civil service reforms and to assess the impact of these reforms on the effectiveness of the corps’ functioning. The authors conceptualise the problem of politicisation of the civil service by referring to the theory of politicisation adding an extra dimension of political ideas and institutions as an important factor of change in Poland’s public administration system. The article describes the stages of civil service reform in Poland over the last twenty years, taking into account the political context, the most important postulated changes and the associated controversies with reference to the concepts outlined in the theoretical part. The study also comprises a relevant literature review based on a number of sources, including the reports published by the Head of the Civil Service in Poland, international databases (including Quality of Government) and specialist reports with a particular emphasis on research devoted to Central Europe. The findings paint a multi-layered and nuanced picture of the evolution of the Polish civil service and its strong associations with the issue of the so-called “unfinished transformation”. In addition the article confirms that both the instrumentalisation of institutions by the “camp” of political opportunists and their formal, radical reconstruction by the “ideological contrarians” resulting in the centralisation of power around the ruling parties have had a negative effect on the quality of civil service functioning in Poland.
Public Administration Reform in Czechia after 2000 – Ambitious Strategies and Modest Results ?
Authors: Špaček David 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The chapter summarizes and discusses the main topics, developments and issues of Czech administrative reform, based on desk research, secondary literature on developments of administrative reform in the country and input obtained through mapping and analyzing ESF / ESIF support and interviews with employees of central bodies that are responsible for the coordination and evaluation of the use of ESF / ESIF support. It is based on findings prepared within the project European Public Administration Country Knowledge (EUPACK) that focused on researching dynamics of public administration in EU member states and the contribution of external support to improving public administration quality. The research indicates that partial results have been accomplished particularly in the following areas: openness and transparency, quality management implementation (by municipalities and regions) and e-government. Civil-service legislation has been consolidated rather recently, yet has changed various times, and this undermines every effort to evaluate its effects. A national PA evaluation system is being developed by the Ministry of the Interior but focuses (similarly to PA strategies and related operational programmes) on input indicators. This raises questions about possibilities to evaluate actual quality in PA and results of projects implemented within PA reforms.
Implementing a Government-Wide Unified and Transparent Salary System in Slovenia
Authors: Virant Gregor , Rakar Iztok 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
A major reform of the public sector salary system took place between 2003 and 2008, where public administration was included as one of the sub-sectors in a broader scheme, covering also the health care and social care sectors, the education sector and other parts of the public sector. The reform was extremely complex, and its development consisted of several phases. The reform resulted in a completely new salary system for the public sector. There are several tangible benefits of the reform; however, there are deficiencies, too, and some of them were amplified by measures inspired by the financial crisis. In our opinion, the changes should be focused on eliminating or drastically reducing de facto automatic promotion to higher salary grades, introducing more flexibility into the system without putting at risk its coherence and ensuring the budget for variable (performance-related) pay. Additionally, but with due caution, the option should also be considered and discussed to enable the government to classify certain positions in salary ranks higher than defined in the collective agreement, as a response to the situation on the labour market.
Trust in the Local Administration: A Comparative Study between Capitals and Non-Capital Cities in Europe
Authors: de Vries Michiel S , Sobis Iwona 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Often a distinction is made between interpersonal and institutional trust, as the former is defined in terms of encapsulated interests, that is the idea that somebody will take your interests into account. Scholars have argued that this cannot be applied to institutions and that generalized institutional trust is therefore not a meaningful concept. This article disputes this reasoning by distinguishing this kind of trust in the governance of capital cities from such trust in non-capital cities. It argues that it can be doubted especially for the local administration in capital cities that they predominantly have the interests of their residents in mind when making decisions. The resulting hypothesis that residents of capital cities have less trust in their local administration than residents of non-capital cities is tested and confirmed through a secondary analysis of Urban Audit data. The analysis shows a significant effect in the predicted direction, which remains strong when controlling for the satisfaction with public issues, the respective region, and poverty of the respondent. The conclusion is that citizens in municipalities do know whether or not local institutions have their interests in mind when making decisions, which makes institutional trust equally meaningful a concept as interpersonal trust.
Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy with Concomitant Mitral Regurgitation Treated with a Septal Myectomy and MV Repair: A Case Report
Authors: Mitevska Irena , Srbinovska Elizabeta , Bosevski Marijan , Jovev Sasko , Dzemali Omer 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Case presentation

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common and very heterogeneous genetic cardiac disease with a different clinical presentation and prognosis. The overall prevalence of the disease is estimated between 0.05-0.2% of the population. Left ventricular outflow obstruction at rest is present in about 20% of patients. Most of the patients have a normal life expectancy, however high risk patients might develop heart failure, atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
We present the case of 47-year-old Caucasian man who was hospitalized at our clinic with a history of chest pain and shortness of breath on physical activity in the last six months, which caused significant limitations of his life quality. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy was diagnosed in 2011, when the patient was put on therapy with beta blocker. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed normal systolic function, presence of systolic anterior mitral valve motion (SAM) with moderate mitral regurgitation (MR). There was a significant concentric left ventricular hypertrophy predominantly located in the ventricular septum. The intraventricular gradient at rest was 77.8 mmHg. MRI of the heart confirmed significant LV hypertrophy with regions of fibrosis at the septum. The patient shortness of breath worsened progressively in the last month (NYHA III) despite optimized medical treatment with maximal beta blocker dose. Surgical approach with septal myectomy was performed with mitral valve repair. There were no operative complications, with excellent postoperative recovery and complete symptoms resolution. Control Doppler echocardiograms revealed LVOT rest gradient reduction to 34 mmHg. The good operative results were still present 9 months after the intervention.
Our case confirmed that septal myectomy with MV repair is an excellent treatment approach in young patient with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mitral valve involvement refractory to medical treatment.
Cultural Events as a Method for Creating a New Future for Museums
Authors: Jaremen Daria E. , Rapacz Andrzej 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the situation of insufficient subsidies for the substantive activities of museums, primarily the ones funded by the local governments, as well as low attendance of visitors, not really interested in the traditional offer of such institutions, there is an urgent need to extend it with additional elements corresponding to the expectations of a contemporary client. The observation of the thriving museums in Poland and worldwide indicates that cultural events represent such an attractive component which expands the museum offer. The article presents an attempt of explaining the role of cultural events in developing a museum product based on the analysis of a specific case of the Municipal Museum Gerhart Hauptmann’s House in Jelenia Góra-Jagniątków.
Analisis Pengaruh PDRB, Tingkat Pengangguran, dan IPM Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Authors: Andhykha Ridho , Handayani Herniwati Retno , Woyanti Nenik 
Published: July 2018

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Tingginya tingkat kemiskinan di Jawa Tengah menunjukkan proses pembangunan ekonomi yang belum bisa meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat secara merata. Dengan demikian, diperlukan adanya analisis untuk mengetahui factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemiskinan dalam rangka mengatasi kemiskinan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), Tingkat Kemiskinan, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) yang mempengaruhi kemiskinan pada 35 Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dari tahun 2011 hingga 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan data cross-section terdiri dari 35 Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dan data time-series yaitu tahun 2011-2015. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam dalam mengestimasi model regresi data panel yaitu <em>Fixed Effect Model (FEM)</em> atau disebut juga <em>Least Square Dummy Variable</em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel laju pertumbuhan PDRB berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan. IPM berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan. Sedangkan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan.</p><p> </p><p>Kata kunci: Kemiskinan, Laju Pertumbuhan PDRB, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM), <em>Fixed Effect Model</em>.</p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><em>The high level of poverty in Central Java shows unreliable development that still cannot increase prosperity equally. Hence, analysis is required to identify several factor that affect. This research’s purpose is to identify Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP), Unemployment Level, Human Development Index (HDI) that affect the poverty level of the poverty level of 35 Districts/Cities of Central Java Province from 2011 until 2016.</em><em> </em><em>This research uses secondary data containing 35 Districts/Cities of Central Java on cross section data and 2011 until 2016 on time series data. The analytical method of this research is Fixed Effect Model (FEM) or Least Square Dummy Variable (LSDV). The results of this research show that Growth of GDRP gives positive and significant effect for poverty level. HDI give negative and significant effect for poverty level. On the other side, Unemployment Level give positive and significant effect for poverty level.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Keyword: Poverty, Growth of GDRP, Human Development Index (HDI), Unemployment, Fixed Effect Model.</em></p>
Khổng tử dạy Kinh Thi và những bài học gợi ý cho dạy học ngữ văn hiện nay
Authors: Tuan Anh Duong , Phuong Tran Hoai 
Published: July 2018

Kinh Thi is one of the five classic books of Confucianism which was even considered "a textbook" of the whole society, learned and popularized by scholars at some times. Kinh Thi through the teachings of Confucius was scatteringly written in many ancient books in which, there were lots of teachings of great cultural and educational value becoming classics. This article focuses on some of the typical teachings that guide the teaching of Literature in Vietnam highschools. Basically, it reaffirms the sustainability of the methods that Confucius mentioned before.
Keywords
Kinh Thi, Confucius, teaching Literature
1. Tư Mã Thiên (nhà Hán): Sử kí, Trung Hoa thư cục, 1959 ( 司馬遷: 史記, 中華書局, 1959)2. Trương Yến Anh chú thích (2006): Luận ngữ, Trung Hoa thư cục (张燕婴 译注: 论语——中华经典藏书 , 中华书局 , 2006)3. Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo (2014), Tài liệu tập huấn dạy học và kiểm tra, đánh giá kết quả học tập theo định hướng phát triển năng lực của học sinh, NXB GDVN4. Lê Lưu Oanh, Phạm Đăng Dư (2008), Lí luận văn học, NXB ĐHSP Hà Nội5. Nguyễn Hồng Vân dịch (2011), Các phương pháp dạy học hiệu quả, NXB GDVN
Defensa preventiva de la democracia: la posición del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Solar Cayón José Ignacio 
Published: July 2018

Las libertades de expresión y de asociación son esenciales para garantizar la apertura del sistema democrático, pero también pueden ser utilizadas para minar sus fundamentos. Por esta razón, el Consejo de Europa decidió establecerun sistema capaz de defenderse frente a posibles amenazasantidemocráticas. Y este espíritu quedó reflejado en el Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos. El Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, a la hora de evaluar si un determinado programa político puede tomar parte en el proceso democrático, ha establecido una doble exigencia: que los medios utilizados sean pacíficos y que el proyecto político propugnado sea democrático. Por tanto, puede excluirse legítimamente la defensa democrática de un proyecto antidemocrático. En virtud de ello, el Tribunal ha formulado en Refah Partisi v. Turkey una doctrina de la defensa preventiva de la democracia que suscita complejas y delicadas cuestiones.
Liberales y comunitaristas: el dilema acerca de la fundamentación de los derechos
Authors: Castro Blanco Elías 
Published: July 2018

El desarrollo de esta iniciativa tiene como propósito cimentar con argumentos y categorías propias de la filosofía política, la génesis, estructura y desarrollo de los derechos humanos a partir de dos tradiciones que han ocupado buena parte de las reflexiones en el debate actual: liberales (Rawls y Habermas) y comunitaristas (Taylor y MacIntyre). Si bien existe una gran cantidad de información en torno a estas versiones encontradas, la mayoría de autores que teorizan acerca de los derechos humanos ponen el acento en la normatividad existente a nivel nacional e internacional ratificado por los países en un momento dado, pero pocos se preocupan por su fundamentación. En este orden de ideas, se pretende contraponer estas dos grandes tradiciones que ocupan en buena medida las reflexionesactuales en el ámbito académico.
Peningkatan Kandungan Protein Mi Instan dari Substitusi Tepung Jagung dengan Tepung Kacang Hijau
Authors: Canti Meda , Anggrahini Sri , Triwitono Priyanto 
Published: July 2018

The efforts to diversify food products can be done by substitution of wheat flour with corn flour on instant noodle. Protein content of corn flour is low, so it is added with mungbean flour. The aim of this research was to increase protein content of instant noodle by substitution of corn flour with addition of 0-20% mungbean flour and to evaluate the physical, sensory and chemical properties of instant noodles. This study was preceded by a reduction phytate content on mungbean flour with boiling and soaking. Ratio of wheat flour and corn flour as control of 8:2. The addition of mungbean flour of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Instant noodles were analyzed for physical, sensory and chemical properties. The result show that boiling treatment of mungbean decreased the phytate content higher than soaking treatment. Rehydration capacity, expansion ratio, flavor, elasticity of instant noodles with added of soaked mungbean flour of 5-20% and boiled mungbean flour of 5-10% same as control instant noodles. Instant noodle with added of soaked mungbean flour of 20% was able to increase protein content 1.38 fold with protein content 13.14% db, while with added of boiled mungbean flour of 10% was able to increase protein content 1.13 fold with protein content 10.82% db. Keywords : instant noodle; wheat flour; corn; mung bean; protein