bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Musical auditory processing, cognition, and psychopathology in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Gao Lucy , Tang Sunny X. , Yi James J. , McDonald‐McGinn Donna M. , Zackai Elaine H. , Emanuel Beverly S. , Gur Ruben C. , Calkins Monica E. , Gur Raquel E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with impairment in multiple domains of cognition and risk for several psychiatric disorders. Musical auditory processing is highly heritable, and is impaired in individuals with schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders, but has never been studied in 22q11DS, notwithstanding anecdotal evidence of its sparing. We aimed to characterize musical auditory processing in 22q11DS and explore potential relationships with other cognitive domains, musical engagement, and psychiatric disorders. The Distorted Tunes Task and Global Musical Sophistication Index were used to assess pitch discrimination and general musical engagement in 58 individuals with 22q11DS aged 8–29 years. Psychopathology was assessed with sections from the modified Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School‐Age Children and the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes. The Penn computerized neurocognitive battery (CNB) examined four domains of cognition (executive functioning, episodic memory, complex cognition, and social cognition). Significant musical auditory processing impairment and reduced musical engagement were found in individuals with 22q11DS. However, deficits in musical auditory processing were not associated with reduced musical engagement. After covarying for age and sex, episodic memory and overall CNB performance accuracy were significantly related to performance in musical auditory processing. There were no relationships between musical auditory processing and presence of any psychiatric diagnoses. Individuals with 22q11DS experience significant deficits in musical auditory processing and reduced musical engagement. Pitch discrimination is associated with overall cognitive ability, but appears to be largely independent of psychiatric illness.
Engineering Photon Delocalization in a Rabi Dimer with a Dissipative Bath
Authors: Zheng Fulu , Zhang Yuyu , Wang Lu , Wei Yadong , Zhao Yang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA Rabi dimer is used to model a recently reported circuit quantum electrodynamics system composed of two coupled transmission‐line resonators with each being coupled to one qubit. In this study, a phonon bath is adopted to mimic the multimode micromechanical resonators and is coupled to the qubits in the Rabi dimer. The dynamical behavior of the composite system is studied by the Dirac–Frenkel time‐dependent variational principle combined with the multiple Davydov D2 ansätze. Initially, all the photons are pumped into the left resonator, and the two qubits are in the down state coupled with the phonon vacuum. In the strong qubit–photon coupling regime, the photon dynamics can be engineered by tuning the qubit–bath coupling strength α and photon delocalization is achieved by increasing α. In the absence of dissipation, photons are localized in the initial resonator. Nevertheless, with moderate qubit–bath coupling, photons are delocalized with quasiequilibration of the photon population in two resonators at long times. In this case, high‐frequency bath modes are activated by interacting with depolarized qubits. For strong dissipation, photon delocalization is achieved via frequent photon‐hopping within two resonators and the qubits are suppressed in their initial down state.
Compatibilization of PLA/PBAT blends by using Epoxy‐POSS
Authors: Kilic Nilay T. , Can Buse N. , Kodal Mehmet , Ozkoc Guralp 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTPoly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) blends were compatibilized using epoxidized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (Epoxy‐POSS). Three different Epoxy‐POSS types were utilized having mono‐, tri‐, and multi‐epoxides per POSS cage. In order to understand the localization of Epoxy‐POSS types, wetting coefficients were calculated from surface energy measurements. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it was observed that Epoxy‐POSS types mostly located at the interface of PLA/PBAT phases. The compatibilization of PLA and PBAT was shown through the decrease in dispersed particles size and the shifts in glass transition temperatures of phases. Mechanical properties of PLA/PBAT improved in the presence of Epoxy‐POSS types. The Izod impact strength and elongation in tensile test values were maximized when 0.5% monoepoxy‐POSS was used as compatibilizer. The reactions between Epoxy‐POSS and polymers were monitored by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and rheology. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47217.
Selective Separation of Isomeric Dicarboxylic Acid by the Preferable Crystallization of Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Yang Pengfei , Gong Ming , Ye Yunxi , Li Yongsheng , Zhuang Qixin , Gu Jinlou 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSimple and effective separation of isomeric organic molecules is an important but challenging task. Herein, we successfully developed a selective crystallization strategy to separate the mixtures of isomeric dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) for the first time. The target DCAs could be preferably combined with crystallization inducer of Zr4+ ions to form a pre‐designed metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) crystal structure whereas the entry of non‐target isomeric DACs into the MOFs lattice could be exclusively inhibited. Several isomeric pairs were exemplified to verify the extensibility and validity of the developed strategy.
Human neonatal stem cell‐derived skin substitute improves healing of severe burn wounds in a rat model
Authors: Mahmood Ruhma , Mehmood Azra , Choudhery Mahmood S. , Awan Sana Javaid , Khan Shaheen N. , Riazuddin Sheikh 
Published: November 2018

AbstractConventional approaches can repair minor skin injuries; however, severe burn injuries require innovative approaches for efficient and better wound repair. Recent studies indicate that stem cell‐based regenerative therapies can restore severe damaged skin both structurally and functionally. The current study aims to evaluate the wound healing potential of skin substitute derived from human neonatal stem cells (hNSCs) using a severe burn injury rat model. Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from placenta (a source of neonatal stem cells) by explant culture method. After characterization, AECs and umbilical cord‐MSCs were differentiated into keratinocyte and fibroblasts, respectively. Morphological changes, and expression of corresponding keratinocyte and fibroblast specific markers were used to verify differentiation into respective lineage. A skin substitute was developed by mixing hNSCs‐derived skin cells (hNSCs‐SCs) in plasma for transplantation in a rat model of severe burn injury. Results indicated that placenta‐derived AECs and MSCs were efficiently differentiated into skin cells, that is, keratinocytes and fibroblasts, respectively, as indicated by morphological changes, immunostaining, and polymerase chain reaction analysis. Further, transplantation of hNSCs‐SCs seeded in plasma significantly improved basic skin architecture, re‐epithelization rate, and wound healing concurrent with reduced apoptosis. In conclusion, neonatal stem cell‐derived skin substitute efficiently improved severe burn wounds in a rat model of burn injury. Unique properties of placenta‐derived stem cells make them superlative candidates for the development of “off‐the‐shelf” artificial skin substitutes for future use.
Effect of xanthan gum on dough properties and bread qualities made from whole wheat flour
Authors: Tebben Lauren , Li Yonghui 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground and objectivesThis study aimed to determine the effect of xanthan gum on whole wheat dough and bread, especially dough rheological properties, gluten structures, loaf volume, and bread texture and staling.FindingsXanthan gum increased the water absorption and mixing time for whole wheat dough as determined by mixograph. Xanthan gum altered dough rheology as evaluated through the Kieffer extensibility test, Chen–Hoseney stickiness test, and compression test employed for extensional viscosity calculation. Gluten secondary structure was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. Changes to glutenin and gliadin extractability were measured by RP‐HPLC. Specific loaf volume increased from 3.74 to 4.38 cm3/g. Crumb hardness of fresh bread decreased more than twofold by xanthan inclusion. Hardness after 48 hr of bread storage was also lower than the control, but the rate of hardness increase was not reduced. Moisture loss over 48 hr decreased for 0.6% and 1.0% xanthan gum. DSC revealed that xanthan gum decreased amylose–lipid complexation, but did not affect amylopectin retrogradation.ConclusionsXanthan gum altered the rheological properties of whole wheat dough, increased whole wheat bread volume, and decreased the hardness of both fresh and stored bread. Future research could examine the effect of xanthan gum in combination with other crumb softeners and antistaling agents, in order to achieve both an increase in loaf volume and a decrease in staling for whole wheat bread.Significance and noveltyThis study may help improve the sensory appeal of whole wheat bread and ultimately increase whole grain consumption.
Understanding and Optimizing the Performance of Cu‐FER for The Direct CH4 to CH3OH Conversion
Authors: Pappas Dimitrios K. , Borfecchia Elisa , Dyballa Michael , Lomachenko Kirill A. , Martini Andrea , Berlier Gloria , Arstad Bjørnar , Lamberti Carlo , Bordiga Silvia , Olsbye Unni , Svelle Stian , Beato Pablo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCu‐exchanged zeolites with the Ferrierite topology were investigated in the direct CH4 to CH3OH conversion. Samples with a systematic compositional variation in terms of Na/Al and Cu/Al ratios where synthesized by liquid ion exchange. The presence of Na is observed to be beneficial for the Cu exchange and thereby higher Cu loadings were achieved. The overall performance of Cu‐FER samples depends on Cu loading as well as the conditions of the reaction. Elevated O2 activation temperature as well as long CH4 loading times are proven to enhance the CH3OH yield of the Cu‐FER sample with Cu/Al=0.2. In addition, the productivity depends on the Cu/Al ratio, at low values the sample is almost inactive indicating a Cu threshold that needs to be surpassed. We employed X‐ray absorption and IR of adsorbed CO spectroscopies in order to rationalize the performance as well as the effect of Cu/Al ratio. From the in situ spectroscopies we ultimately establish structure‐activity relationships between the reducibility of Cu species and the CH3OH yield.
Trends in low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol blood values between 2012 and 2017 suggest sluggish adoption of the recent 2013 treatment guidelines
Authors: Superko H. Robert , Williams Paul T. , Dansinger Michael , Schaefer Ernst 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundOver a 14‐year period, age‐adjusted high total cholesterol (≥240 mg/dL) in the United States declined from 18.3% in 1999 to 2000 to 11.0% in 2013 to 2014, coinciding with the 2001 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (ATP)‐III guidelines that endorsed low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol blood value goals. Statin treatment recommendations were revised by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) in November 2013 to a “risk‐based prescription” approach that did not utilize blood cholesterol values. This increased dosage and expanded the statin‐eligible population by an estimated 12.8 million US adults. These changes should further lower total and LDL cholesterol concentrations nationally.MethodsWe examined data from 507 752 patients nationally aged ≥16 years whose fasting bloods were sent to Boston Heart Diagnostics for direct LDL‐cholesterol measurements. Between 2012 and 2017, age‐adjusted concentrations were examined by analysis of covariance and LDL‐cholesterol ≥160 mg/dL by logistic regression.ResultsContrary to expectations, age‐adjusted mean LDL‐cholesterol concentrations (±SE, mg/dL) increased significantly (P < 10−16) in men (2012:113.8 ± 0.3; 2013:115.3 ± 0.2; 2014:114.7 ± 0.2; 2015:116.0 ± 0.2; 2016:117.6 ± 0.2; and 2017:117.1 ± 0.2 mg/dL) and women (2012:119.5 ± 0.3; 2013:120.7 ± 0.2; 2014:119.8 ± 0.02; 2015:120.8 ± 0.2; 2016:122.7 ± 0.1; and 2017:123.8 ± 0.2 mg/dL). The percentage with LDL‐cholesterol ≥160 mg/dL also increased significantly (P < 10−9) in men and women. Similar results were obtained for ages 40 to 75 years olds (corresponding to ACC/AHA guidelines).ConclusionThese results provide additional evidence that declining blood LDL‐cholesterol levels observed following the ATP‐III recommendations, did not further decline (actually increased) following the 2013 ACC/AHA recommendations.
A Fluorescent Silver(I) Carbene Complex with Anticancer Properties: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Studies
Authors: Fabbrini Maria Giulia , Cirri Damiano , Pratesi Alessandro , Ciofi Lorenzo , Marzo Tiziano , Guerri Annalisa , Nistri Silvia , Dell'Accio Alfonso , Gamberi Tania , Severi Mirko , Bencini Andrea , Messori Luigi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe silver(I)N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex bis(1‐(anthracen‐9‐ylmethyl)‐3‐ethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) silver chloride ([Ag(EIA)2]Cl), bearing two anthracenyl fluorescent probes, has been synthesized and characterized. [Ag(EIA)2]Cl is stable in organic solvents and under physiological conditions, and shows potent cytotoxic effects in vitro toward human SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The interactions of [Ag(EIA)2]Cl with a few model biological targets have been studied as well as its ability to be internalized in cells. The in vitro anticancer activity is apparently related to the level of drug internalization. Notably, [Ag(EIA)2]Cl does not react with a few model proteins, but is capable of binding the C‐terminal dodecapeptide of thioredoxin reductase hTrxR(488–499) and to strongly inhibit the activity of this enzyme. Binding occurs through an unconventional process leading to covalent binding of one or two carbene ligands to the C‐terminal dodecapeptide with concomitant release of the silver cation. To the best of our knowledge, this mode of interaction is reported here for the first time for Ag(NHC)2complexes.
Differential use of medical versus surgical androgen deprivation therapy for patients with metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Borno Hala T. , Lichtensztajn Daphne Y. , Gomez Scarlett L. , Palmer Nynikka R. , Ryan Charles J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundSurgical and medical androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) strategies are comparable in their ability to suppress serum testosterone levels as treatment in patients with metastatic prostate cancer but differ with regard to cost and impact on quality of life. Medical ADT is associated with better long‐term quality of life due to the flexibility of possible therapy interruption but comes with a higher cumulative cost. In the current study, the authors examined whether surgical ADT (ie, bilateral orchiectomy) was used differentially by race/ethnicity and other social factors.MethodsThe authors identified patients with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis through the California Cancer Registry. The association between race/ethnicity and receipt of surgical ADT was modeled using multivariable Firth logistic regression adjusting for age, Gleason score, prostate‐specific antigen level, clinical tumor and lymph node classification, neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), insurance, marital status, comorbidities, initial treatment (radiotherapy, chemotherapy), location of care, rural/urban area of residence, and year of diagnosis.ResultsThe authors examined a total of 10,675 patients with metastatic prostate cancer, 11.4% of whom were non‐Hispanic black, 8.4% of whom were Asian/Pacific Islander, 18.5% of whom were Hispanic/Latino, and 60.5% of whom were non‐Hispanic white. In the multivariable model, patients found to be more likely to receive surgical ADT were Hispanic/Latino (odds ratio [OR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.01‐1.72), were from a low neighborhood SES (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.34‐2.89) or rural area (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.15‐1.92), and had Medicaid/public insurance (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.58‐3.10). Patients with military/Veterans Affairs insurance were significantly less likely to receive surgical ADT compared with patients with private insurance (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.13‐0.88).ConclusionsRace/ethnicity, neighborhood SES, and insurance status appear to be significantly associated with receipt of surgical ADT. Future research will need to characterize other differences in initial treatments among men with advanced prostate cancer based on race/ethnicity and aim to better understand what factors drive the association between surgical ADT among men of Hispanic origin or those from areas with low neighborhood SES.
Review of instrumental inter‐agreement study of spectral and colorimetric data of commercial multiangle spectrophotometers
Authors: Perales Esther , Micó‐Vicent Bàrbara , Huraibat Khalil , Martínez‐Verdú Francisco M. , Dietz Christian , Yamanoi Yuta 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSeveral different instruments have been introduced into the market to obtain good color characterization for different measurement configurations. These commercial instruments have different optical and working configurations, however, the measurement data provided by each instrument should be similar to have good consistency when comparing them to each other measuring the same sample material. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to apply an inter‐model agreement study of spectral and colorimetric data of three instruments (CM‐M6, BYK‐mac‐I, and MA98). Two different statistical tests were applied following ASTM recommendations. In general, the measurement geometries close to the specular direction and the flop direction showed greater deviations. In addition, the partial color differences calculated for the comparison of MA98 versus CM‐M6 were larger than the BYK‐mac‐i versus CM‐M6 comparison. Finally, it can be concluded that most of the measurement geometries were statistically significantly different from each other which means that these differences were due to systematic or bias errors and not exclusively to random errors.
Thermodynamic, transport, and optical properties of dense silver plasma calculated using the GreeKuP code
Authors: Knyazev D.V. , Levashov P.R. 
Published: November 2018

The transport and optical properties of a dense silver plasma are calculated using our parallel GreeKuP code. The code uses the results of Vienna ab initio simulation package (VASP) as input information and is based upon the Kubo–Greenwood formula. The calculation is performed at the normal density 10.5 g/cm3 and 3 kK ≤ T ≤ 20 kK. Under these conditions, the results are strongly influenced by the presence of the d‐electrons in silver: the real part of dynamic electrical conductivity has a non‐Drude shape, the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity is non‐monotonic, and the Wiedemann–Franz law is violated.
pouC Regulates Expression of bmp4 During Atrioventricular Canal Formation in Zebrafish
Authors: Bhakta Minoti , Padanad Mahesh S. , Harris John P. , Lubczyk Christina , Amatruda James F. , Munshi Nikhil V. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundMany human gene mutations have been linked to congenital heart disease (CHD), yet CHD remains a major health issue worldwide due in part to an incomplete understanding of the molecular basis for cardiac malformation.ResultsHere we identify the orthologous mouse Pou6f1 and zebrafish pouC as POU homeodomain transcription factors enriched in the developing heart. We find that pouC is a multi‐functional transcriptional regulator containing separable activation, repression, protein–protein interaction, and DNA binding domains. Using zebrafish heart development as a model system, we demonstrate that pouC knockdown impairs cardiac morphogenesis and affects cardiovascular function. We also find that levels of pouC expression must be fine‐tuned to enable proper heart formation. At the cellular level, we demonstrate that pouC knockdown disrupts atrioventricular canal (AVC) cardiomyocyte maintenance, although chamber myocyte specification remains intact. Mechanistically, we show that pouC binds a bmp4 intronic regulatory element to mediate transcriptional activation.ConclusionsTaken together, our study establishes pouC as a novel transcriptional input into the regulatory hierarchy that drives AVC morphogenesis in zebrafish. We anticipate that these findings will inform future efforts to explore functional conservation in mammals and potential association with atrioventricular septal defects in humans. Developmental Dynamics 248:173‐188, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Environmental filtering of avian communities along a rural‐to‐urban gradient in Greater Washington, D.C., USA
Authors: Evans Brian S. , Reitsma Robert , Hurlbert Allen H. , Marra Peter P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe composition of avian communities in human‐dominated habitats is thought to be determined by the interaction between species‐specific traits and environmental characteristics. Traits such as dietary habits and habitat specialization influence the vulnerability of species to land use change. As species are excluded from anthropogenic environments, local species pools are differentially sorted from the regional species pool. This sorting process, environmental filtering, is characterized by a decline in the functional diversity of local biotic communities and may result in a loss of regional biodiversity as landscapes are urbanized. Environmental filtering due to urbanization is hypothesized due to an ecosystem stress gradient, which describes a decrease in species richness or abundance with increasing urban intensity. Conflicting patterns of species richness and species abundances have limited our ability to determine whether urban environments filter avian communities. To evaluate the hypothesis that environmental filtering is occurring, we analyzed avian point count data collected along a rural‐to‐urban gradient in metropolitan Washington, D.C. We examined predictions that species richness, functional diversity, and the total and relative abundances of some life history guilds exhibit the pattern expected under the ecosystem stress‐gradient hypothesis. Species richness and functional diversity declined monotonically with increasing impervious surface. Life history guilds, representing species’ diet, foraging, nest, and migration habits, exhibited differential rates of decline across the rural‐to‐urban gradient, resulting in marked shifts in the composition of communities. Our results support the hypothesis that urbanization filters bird communities as a function of avian traits and provide further evidence of trait‐level responses to urban environments.