bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent defensive reactivity during extensive avoidance training as a potential mechanism for the perpetuation of safety behaviors
Authors: Franke Joscha , Melzig Christiane A. , Benke Christoph 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSafety behaviors are core features of anxiety-related disorders, specifically involving behaviors that do not completely terminate aversive situations, but rather prevent the risk of the occurrence of the expected aversive outcome (US). This study aimed to examine the dynamics of defensive reactivity associated with safety behaviors, both before and after their execution, and to investigate changes in these reactions following extensive training. Twenty-four healthy participants underwent a US-avoidance task as an experimental analog to model safety behavior, requiring a button press to avoid the US without terminating the associated warning cue (CS). Two CS+ were used, with one being devalued during a devaluation procedure to assess the formation of avoidance habits. Defensive reactivity was assessed using fear-potentiated startle (FPS) and skin conductance responses (SCR). Participants showed pronounced defensive reactivity to both CS + vs. CS- before the avoidance action, which decreased upon the opportunity to avoid the US. Contrarily, after the avoidance action, a re-emergence of defensive responses was observed as indicated by FPS and increased SCR. Only one participant showed signs of avoidance habit formation. The findings reveal a re-emergence of defensive reactivity following safety behaviors challenging the prevailing belief that relief is the primary sustaining factor of safety behavior.
A student trained convolutional neural network competing with a commercial AI software and experts in organ at risk segmentation
Authors: Bürkle Sophia L. , Kuhn Dejan , Fechter Tobias , Radicioni Gianluca , Hartong Nanna , Freitag Martin T. , Qiu Xuefeng , Karagiannis Efstratios , Grosu Anca-Ligia , Baltas Dimos , Zamboglou Constantinos , Spohn Simon K. B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis retrospective, multi-centered study aimed to improve high-quality radiation treatment (RT) planning workflows by training and testing a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to perform auto segmentations of organs at risk (OAR) for prostate cancer (PCa) patients, specifically the bladder and rectum. The objective of this project was to develop a clinically applicable and robust artificial intelligence (AI) system to assist radiation oncologists in OAR segmentation. The CNN was trained using manual contours in CT-datasets from diagnostic 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CTs by a student, then validated (n = 30, PET/CTs) and tested (n = 16, planning CTs). Further segmentations were generated by a commercial artificial intelligence (cAI) software. The ground truth were manual contours from expert radiation oncologists. The performance was evaluated using the Dice-Sørensen Coefficient (DSC), visual analysis and a Turing test. The CNN yielded excellent results in both cohorts and OARs with a DSCmedian > 0.87, the cAI resulted in a DSC > 0.78. In the visual assessment, 67% (bladder) and 75% (rectum) of the segmentations were rated as acceptable for treatment planning. With a misclassification rate of 45.5% (bladder) and 51.1% (rectum), the CNN passed the Turing test. The metrics, visual assessment and the Turing test confirmed the clinical applicability and therefore the support in clinical routine.
Enhancing the properties of high-density oil well cement with Qusaiba kaolinite
Authors: Ahmed Abdulmalek , Mahmoud Ahmed Abdulhamid , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Al Shehri Dhafer , Ayranci Korhan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHigh-density cement slurries used in oil well cementing often face challenges such as particle settling, poor rheological properties, permeability, and compressive strength degradation, which can compromise zonal isolation and well integrity. This study focuses on using kaolinite, a clay mineral, as an additive due to its potential to improve the performance of high-density cement by modifying key properties. Several concentrations of kaolinite were examined to evaluate their influence on several cement properties such as rheology, thickening time, permeability, porosity, and compressive strength. Additionally, it assesses the impact of kaolinite on cement sheath solids settling using both conventional methods and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results revealed that an optimal concentration of 1% kaolinite by weight of cement (BWOC) significantly reduced particle settling by 74.4%, enhanced compressive strength by 13%, and lowered permeability and porosity by 74% and 7%, respectively. Additionally, kaolinite improved rheological properties by an 8.4% reduction in plastic viscosity, a 19.4% increase in yield point, and a 30% increase in gel strength. Kaolinite also acted as a retarder, increasing thickening time. These improvements contribute to better cement sheath integrity and wellbore stability, highlighting kaolinite’s potential as an effective additive for high-density cement.
Parameter-coupled state space models based on quasi-Gaussian fuzzy approximation
Authors: Wang Yizhi , Ma Fengyuan , Tian Xiaomin , Chen Weina , Zhang Yang , Ge Shanshan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe accuracy of a fuzzy system’s approximation is closely tied to the performance of fuzzy control systems design, while this system’s interpretability depends on the description of a mechanical model using human language. This research introduces a quasi-Gaussian membership function characterized by a pair of parameters to achieve the sensitivity of a triangular membership function along with the interpretability of Gaussian membership functions. Consequently, a two-dimensional (2-D) quasi-Gaussian membership function is derived, and a method for establishing quasi-Gaussian fuzzy systems (QGFS) using a rectangular grid is proposed. After validating the approximation properties using the sine function for the one-dimensional (1-D) and 2-D QGFS, the systems are applied to approximate the depyrogenation tunnel, a significant piece of equipment in the pharmaceutical industry with various mechanical designs. Validation results indicate that the 1-D and 2-D QGFS can achieve an approximation error varying within a ± 5% range. Meanwhile, the 1-D and 2-D QGFSs are applied to mechanical models of the depyrogenation tunnel with satisfactory final approximation results. Lastly, the 2-D QGFS is capable of demonstrating an excellent description of models with coupled parameters.
Multiple ASC-dependent inflammasomes drive differential pro-inflammatory cytokine production in a mouse model of tendinopathy
Authors: Peñín-Franch Alejandro , Hurtado-Navarro Laura , García-Vidal José Antonio , Escolar-Reina Pilar , Medina-Mirapeix Francesc , Pelegrin Pablo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that regulate the bioactive production of IL-1β and IL-18, being implicated in the inflammatory response of different diseases. The inflammasome formed by the cytosolic sensor NLRP3 is highly promiscuous, as it could be activated by different pathogen- and sterile-signals. However, few models have studied the implication of NLRP3 in tissue damage-induced inflammation, particularly the implication of NLRP3 in tendinopathies. Here, we aimed to investigate the implication of NLRP3 in a mouse model of tendinopathy by collagenase degradation of the extracellular matrix in the Achilles’ mice tendon. We found that NLRP3 was involved in the production of IL-1β, but another ASC-dependent inflammasome was required to produce IL-18 during sterile tissue damage. Our study suggests that in the immune response to extracellular matrix degradation different inflammasomes, probably expressed in different cell compartments, were able to differentially control IL-1β and IL-18 production in vivo. These results suggest the potential use of therapies targeting ASC as beneficial in the treatment of tendinopathies.
Modelling of blast furnace ironmaking process based on digital twin
Authors: Xu Yonghong , Yang Chunjie , Liu Zhe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe blast furnace ironmaking process is a crucial step in the steel industry. Effectively modelling the blast furnaces is significant in ensuring smooth operation and accelerating the digitalisation transformation of blast furnaces. The authors focus on the mechanism modelling of the blast furnace operation process, using a digital twin model development platform to simulate the main reaction processes inside the blast furnaces. Under on‐site production conditions, Si, Mn and Ti contents of molten iron and the corresponding indicators for model accuracy are calculated. For Si, Mn, and Ti content, the Root Mean Square Error values are 0.0678, 0.0108 and 0.0093 for dataset 1, while 0.0933, 0.0120 and 0.0111 for dataset 2, respectively, indicating that the model has a small simulation error and high accuracy. By comparing the simulation results with accurate laboratory results, the model is validated to have satisfactory simulation reliability and compensates for the existing shortcomings in the blast furnace mechanism modelling field.
Compact circularly polarized metasurface antenna based on characteristic mode analysis
Authors: Wang Qing , Lei Xiaopeng , Han Xiaohai , Ge Zhiwei , Lei Zhenya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article introduces a novel, single‐layer, low‐profile, circularly polarized metasurface antenna. Through characteristic mode analysis, the optimization of a 33 rectangular metasurface structure was performed. Two orthogonal modes were selected as the operating modes, and improvements to the metasurface structure were made to achieve a 90 phase difference between these modes. The adoption of a coplanar waveguide structure enables the excitation of the metasurface, facilitating circularly polarized radiation performance for the two selected modes. The antenna's dimensions are 40 mm 40 mm 3 mm (0.67 0.67 0.05 ), featuring a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 27.8% (4.49–5.94 GHz). The 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is 14.2% (5.25–6.05 GHz), with a maximum gain of 7.26 dBi.
Map construction algorithm based on dense point cloud
Authors: Liu Chengjie , Li Xuemei , Lv Shangsong , Liu Bin , Li Min 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn order to address the issue of the difficulty in constructing maps from sensor‐acquired point clouds, a map construction algorithm is proposed for the effective conversion from sparse point clouds to dense point clouds. First, it constructs a dense point cloud map in real‐time using colour and depth information of keyframes. Then, it generates an accurate point cloud map by voxel filtering and coordinate conversion. Finally, the point cloud map is converted into an octree map using OctoMap. This article uses the TUM dataset for simulation analysis to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The results demonstrate that the algorithm can construct dense point cloud maps with high positioning accuracy in sparse point cloud scenarios. The algorithm improves the positioning accuracy by more than 15% under the fr1_xyz, fr1_room, fr1_desk2, fr1_desk1, fr2_desk and fr3_str_tex_near sequences, compared to ORB‐SLAM2, ORB‐SLAM3 and GX ORB‐SLAM2 algorithm
Speed control and maximum efficiency operation of three‐phase squirrel cage induction motors supplied by modified Γ−Z$\Gamma - Z$ impedance source inverter
Authors: Yazdani Sajjad , Rajaei Amirhossein , Rahideh Akbar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA three‐phase squirrel cage induction motor (IM) drive system supplied by a new modified structure of impedance source inverter ( ISI) is proposed. The two main goals are speed (torque) control, and efficiency improvement. The modified ISI has the ability to boost the input voltage. This improves the operation range of the system particularly for limited DC‐link voltage conditions. A first order integral‐terminal sliding mode (ITSM) controller is designed incorporating the motor and inverter dynamic model equations. The maximum efficiency strategy based on Lagrange's theorem is achieved by optimizing the motor input power (input energy) as the objective function under the constant load torque. The maximum efficiency strategy using energy saving is suitable for electric drive system applications. Also, the control method is resilient to any change in motor parameters and unmodulated system dynamics. Furthermore, its output control error can be eliminated in a limited interval. Finally, a prototype of the system using a 1.5 kW three‐phase squirrel cage IM is provided and several tests are conducted. The experimental results show the efficacy of the proposed method.
Constraints on the accretion properties of quasi-periodic erupters from GRMHD simulations
Authors: Chashkina A. , Bromberg O. , Levinson A. , Nakar E. 
Published: October 2024

Context. Some apparently quiescent supermassive black holes (BHs) at centers of galaxies show quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) in the X-ray band, the nature of which is still unknown. A possible origin for the eruptions is an accretion disk. However, the properties of such disks are restricted by the timescales of recurrence and the duration of the flares.
Aims. In this work, we test the possibility that the temporal properties of known QPEs can be explained by accretion from a compact accretion disk with an outer radius rout ∼ 40rg, and we focus on a particular object, GSN 069.
Methods. We ran several 3D general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations with the H-AMR code of thin and thick disks and studied how the initial disk parameters such as thickness, magnetic field configuration, magnetization, and Kerr parameter affect the observational properties of QPEs.
Results. We show that accretion onto a slowly rotating BH through a small, moderately thin accretion disk with an initially low plasma β can explain the observed time between outbursts and the lack of evidence for a variable jet emission. In order to form such a disk, the accreting matter should have a low net angular momentum. A potential source for such low angular momentum matter with a quasi-periodic feeding mechanism might be a tight binary of wind-launching stars. Apart from their primary application, our results can also be useful for general studies of systems with small accretion disks, in which evolution occurs very rapidly so that the disks cannot be considered stationary. For such systems, it is important to understand how the initial conditions affect the results.
Characterisation of the stellar wind in Cyg X-1 via modelling of colour-colour diagrams
Authors: Lai E. V. , De Marco B. , Cavecchi Y. , El Mellah I. , Cinus M. , Diez C. M. , Grinberg V. , Zdziarski A. A. , Uttley P. , Bachetti M. , José J. , Sala G. , Różańska A. , Wilms J. 
Published: October 2024

Context. Cygnus X-1 (Cyg X-1) is a high-mass X-ray binary where accretion onto the black hole (BH) is mediated by the stellar wind from the blue supergiant companion star HDE 226868. Due to its inclination, the system is a perfect laboratory to study the not yet well-understood stellar wind structure. In fact, depending on the position of the BH along the orbit, X-ray observations can probe different layers of the stellar wind. Deeper wind layers can be investigated at superior conjunction (i.e. null orbital phases).
Aims. We aim to characterise the stellar wind in the Cyg X-1/HDE 226868 system, analysing one passage at superior conjunction covered by XMM-Newton during the ‘Cyg X-1 Hard state Observations of a Complete Binary Orbit in X-rays’ (CHOCBOX) campaign.
Methods. To analyse the properties of the stellar wind, we computed colour-colour diagrams. Since X-ray absorption is energy-dependent, colour indices provide information on the parameters of the stellar wind, such as the column density, NH, w, and the covering factor, fc. We fitted colour-colour diagrams with models that include both a continuum and a stellar wind component. We used the kernel density estimation method to infer the unknown probability distribution of the data points in the colour-colour diagram, and selected the model corresponding to the highest likelihood. In order to study the temporal evolution of the wind around superior conjunction, we extracted and fitted time-resolved colour-colour diagrams.
Results. We found that the model that best describes the shape of the colour-colour diagram of Cyg X-1 at superior conjunction requires the wind to be partially ionised. The shape of the colour-colour diagram strongly varies during the analysed observation, due to concurrent changes of the mean NH, w and the fc of the wind. Our results suggest the existence of a linear scaling between the rapid variability amplitude of NH, w (on timescales between 10 s and 11 ks) and its long-term variations (on timescales > 11 ks). Using the inferred best-fit values, we estimated the stellar mass loss rate to be ∼7 × 10−6 M⊙ yr−1 and the clumps to have a characteristic mass of ∼1017 g.
Reliabilität und Validität isokinetischer und isometrischer
Krafttests: ein systematisches Review
Authors: Knauer Miriam , Schroeder Jan 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Isometrische Krafttestungen sind häufig einfacher in der
Anwendung, aber isokinetischen Krafttestresultaten wird eine bessere
Übertragbarkeit auf die Trainingsgestaltung zugeschrieben. Diese
Übersichtsarbeit hat das Ziel, eventuelle Testgüteunterschiede im Sinne von
Validität und Reliabilität bei isometrischer und isokinetischer Krafttestung
herauszuarbeiten.
Material und Methoden Im Januar 2024 wurde die Datenbank PubMed nach
Studien durchsucht, die statistische Kennwerte für die Validität und
Reproduzierbarkeit isokinetischer und isometrischer Krafttestgeräte für gesunde
Erwachsene analysierten. Ausgeschlossen wurden Arbeiten zu speziellen
handgehaltenen Dynamometern oder Veröffentlichungen die älter als 30 Jahren
waren.
Ergebnisse 13 Studien entsprachen den Auswahlkriterien. Isometrische
Maximalkraftmessung erzielten tendenziell höhere
Kurzzeit-Reliabilitätskoeffizienten (ICC: 0,87–0,96) im Vergleich zu
isokinetischen Tests (ICC:0,69–0,99). Die absolute Reproduzierbarkeit war
vergleichbar für Isometrie (CV: 6,9–9,4%, SEM: 4,5–11,0%) und Isokinetik (CV:
2,3–12,4%, SEM: 4,8–14,0%). Die Validität wurde für beide Verfahrensweisen
bestätigt, Validitätskoeffizienten variierten aber stark in Abhängigkeit vom
gewählten Außenkriterium (EMG r>0,9; 5–10-RM r>0,8; Muskelquerschnitt
r>0,7; spezielle isokinetische Vergleichstests r>0,5).
Schlussfolgerungen Bei bestätigter Validität für beide Verfahren
verdeutlicht die aktuelle Evidenzlage, dass Unterschiede in der
Reproduzierbarkeit zwischen Isometrie und Isokinetik vernachlässigbar klein
sind. Zukünftige Forschung sollte sich auf für die Praxis relevante
Nebengütekriterien wie die Zugänglichkeit von populationsspezifischen
Orientierungswerten und die Zeitökonomie bei der Datenerhebung konzentrieren.
Glasgow-Blatchford and Rockall score utility in predicting findings on video capsule endoscopy in patients admitted with overt small bowel bleeding
Authors: Ballester Raquel , O'Connell James , Costigan Conor , Sengupta Shreyashee , Manoharan Thilagaraj , Martinez Monserrat , Mc Namara Deirdre 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGlasgow-Blachford (GBS) and Rockall scores are recognized tools to prioritize patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Their utility in predicting findings on capsule endoscopy (CE) in patients with overt small bowel bleeding (OSBB) remains unclear. The aim was to assess use of these scores in predicting relevant findings on CE and outcome among patients with suspected OSBB.A retrospective analysis was performed from January 2019 to June 2022. Clinical parameters and scores were collected at presentation and at 24 hours. Univariate analysis used simple logistic regression, chi-squared test or Mann-Whitney as needed. ROC analysis was performed selecting the optimal cut-off point maximized by the Youden index.Seventy-nine patients were included, 62% of whom had relevant findings. The predictor showing the highest discrimination ability was the initial GBS (area under the curve [AUC] 0.625; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49–0.76). The optimal cut-off point was at least 4, with sensitivity 98%, specificity 30%, and accuracy 72%. Multivariable regression analysis showed inpatient status on CE (odds ratio [OR] 117.27; 95% CI 11.32–4492.93; P = 0.001), shorter time to CE (OR 1.02; CI 1.01–1.04; P = 0.018), higher initial GBS (OR 1.22; CI 1.06–1.43; P = 0.009), and higher GBS within 24 hours (OR 1.19; CI 1.04–1.37; P = 0.013) were predictive factors for relevant findings on CE, with a model AUC 0.802, sensitivity 91.8%, and specificity 63.3%.GBS and Rockall scores were useful in predicting relevant findings on CE in this cohort of patients with suspected OSBB. In patients with GBS 5 or higher, early CE during the same admission is warranted.
Digital peroral pancreatoscopy to determine surgery for patients who have intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas with mural nodules
Authors: Koshita Shinsuke , Noda Yutaka , Kanno Yoshihide , Ogawa Takahisa , Kusunose Hiroaki , Sakai Toshitaka , Yonamine Keisuke , Miyamoto Kazuaki , Kozakai Fumisato , Okano Haruka , Matsuoka Yuto , Hosokawa Kento , Sumiya Hidehito , Oikawa Masaya , Tsuchiya Takashi , Sawai Takashi , Ito Kei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Because more than a few patients have intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas (IPMNs) with mural nodules (MNs) that are benign, clinical plans should be determined by using histocytological specimens especially, for patients with high risk for surgery or with a small MN.
Patients and methods This study included 27 patients to evaluate the efficacy of peroral pancreatoscopy using a SpyGlass DS system (POPS-DS) for patients with MN-positive IPMN, mainly focusing on the ability of POPS-DS to detect malignancy.
Results Biopsy specimens obtained under POPS-DS guidance could be used for histological evaluation of all patients with MNs in the main pancreatic duct and 67% of the patients with MNs in the branch ducts, whereas fluid specimens collected during POPS-DS could be used for histocytological evaluation for all patients. For the 13 patients who underwent surgery just after POPS-DS, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of POPS-DS to detect malignancy were 89%, 100%, and 92%, respectively. For the 12 patients who underwent surveillance without surgery, the cumulative 3-year progression rates for nine benign IPMNs and three malignant ones determined using POPS-DS were 0% and 100%, respectively. However, the sensitivity of POPS to detect IPMN epithelium in the resection margin was 20%. Only one patient developed procedure-related pancreatitis (mild).
Conclusions POPS-DS could be used to accurately detect malignancy in patients with MN-positive IPMN. Therefore, histocytological evaluation using POPS-DS can contribute to selection of patients for whom surgery would be appropriate.