bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Cumulative Effects of Harvesting on Aspen Regeneration through Fuzzy Logic Suitability Mapping
Authors: Sealey Landon L. , Amichev Beyhan Y. , Van Rees Ken C.J. 
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas
Multivariate statistics and fuzzy logic analysis were used to assess aspen regeneration.
Vegetation indices were the dominant factors in determining regeneration suitability.
Vegetation indices were significantly higher in high suitability areas.
Skidder traffic was significantly lower on high regeneration suitability land.
The percentage of slash coverage was significantly lower on high suitability land.
Vigorous aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) regeneration immediately following a harvesting event is important to ensuring the continued health and productivity of the future forest. This study aimed to examine the potential of using unoccupied aerial vehicle, multispectral remote sensing, and GIS mapping techniques to develop a comprehensive approach for predicting aspen regeneration success at the harvest block scale. Three winter harvested blocks were studied at Duck Mountain Provincial Park in east‐central Saskatchewan, Canada. Ten regeneration predictor variables (number of skidder passes, percentage slash coverage, topographic wetness index, slope, aspect, slope position, and four vegetation indices: green normalized vegetation index [GNDVI], normalized red‐edge index [NDRE], simple RED to NIR ratio [SR], and chlorophyll index green [CIG]) were determined for 168 measurement plots 1 yr after harvest. Principal component analysis, principal component regression, fuzzy logic analysis, and GIS mapping techniques, were combined for the first time in this study to determine cumulative effects on aspen regeneration. On average, low suitability areas had significantly more skidder traffic (34 passes) compared to below average (17), above average (10), and high (7) suitability areas. Low suitability areas also had significantly more slash coverage (13.1%) compared to below average (8.49%) or high suitability land (7.18%). High suitability areas had significantly higher GNDVI, NDRE, SR, and CIG indices, compared to low and below average suitability land. Not only does this method of analysis help to assess how a combination of factors may influence aspen regeneration, it can also act as a decision support system tool for industry, or government, to improve aspen regeneration assessments.
Leaching of Five Pesticides of Contrasting Mobility through Frozen and Unfrozen Soil
Authors: Holten Roger , Larsbo Mats , Jarvis Nicholas , Stenrød Marianne , Almvik Marit , Eklo Ole Martin 
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas
Significantly more pesticides leached from frozen than from unfrozen soil columns.
Rapid breakthrough of pesticides indicated preferential flow in frozen soil.
A strong negative correlation between Kf and leaching was observed.
The effect of sorption properties is weaker in the presence of macropore flow.
Macropore flow may be less important for highly mobile or highly sorbed pesticides.
Field and laboratory studies show increased leaching of pesticides through macropores in frozen soil. Fast macropore flow has been shown to reduce the influence of pesticide properties on leaching, but data on these processes are scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of soil freezing and thawing on transport of pesticides with a range of soil sorption coefficients (Kf). To do this we conducted a soil column study to quantify the transport of bromide and five pesticides (2‐methyl‐4‐chlorophenoxyacetic acid, clomazone, boscalid, propiconazole, and diflufenican). Intact topsoil and subsoil columns from two agricultural soils (silt and loam) in southeastern Norway were used in this experiment, and pesticides were applied to the soil surface in all columns. Half the columns were then frozen (−3°C), and the other half were left unfrozen (4°C). Columns were subjected to repeated irrigation events where 25 mm of rainwater was applied during 5 h at each event. Irrigations were followed by 14‐d periods of freezing or refrigeration. Percolate was collected and analyzed for pesticides and bromide. Pesticide leaching was up to five orders of magnitude larger from frozen than unfrozen columns. Early breakthrough (<<1 pore volume) of high concentrations was observed for pesticides in frozen columns, indicating that leaching was dominated by preferential flow. The rank order in pesticide leaching observed in this study corresponded to the rank order of mean Kf values for the pesticides, and the results suggest that sorption plays a role in determining leaching losses even in frozen soil.
Water source quality in Ahenema Kokoben, Ghana
Authors: Salifu Amadu , Essandoh Helen M. K. , Traore Afsatou Ndama , Potgieter Natasha 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Regular monitoring of microbial quality of water used for drinking is an important aspect of public health. Microbiological quality, using a novel microbial water quality test kit – Compartment Bag Test (CBT; AguaGenX, LLC, Chapel Hill, NC, USA), and physical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, temperature and electrical conductivity) of 94 different water sources used by communities in the Ahenema Kokoben area of Ghana for drinking were tested. Using the WHO drinking water quality risk categories for the presence of Escherichia coli indicator bacteria, only 56% (53/94) of the water sources were safe for drinking, while 29% (27/94) of the water sources were classified as high risk and unsafe for human purposes. Some of the physical parameters were also higher than guideline values and could have been a contributing factor to poor water quality. Overall, the CBT proved to be a reliable alternative to traditional and laboratory-dependent microbial drinking water quality tests which can be easily used by water authorities to make sure that water is safe to drink.
US flood insurance at 50 years: is the public–private partnership working?
Authors: Grigg Neil S. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In the United States, the national framework to address flood risk is the 50-year-old National Flood Insurance Program where the government bears the risk and private insurers handle customer policies. The program bundles insurance with flood mapping, floodplain management, and mitigation in the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Despite financial shortfalls and political controversy, evidence shows that public support is sufficient to continue and reform the program. Originally intended to transfer risk from taxpayers to insurance, the program recently required a taxpayer bailout after major hurricane-induced flood losses. Affordability of premiums is a major financial concern, even while premiums are forecast to rise. The flood mapping program is key to risk assessment, but it needs much improvement. The risk pool depends on compliance with floodplain resilience controls, which work better in riverine environments than in coastal zones. There is evidence of increased private sector interest in offering flood insurance. Politics raise questions about whether the needed reforms will succeed, but promising initiatives are to base premiums on risk, emphasize improvements in flood mapping, increase the involvement of private insurers in flood insurance, and increase responsibility of the state and local governments in flood risk resilience.
Water purification in a solar reactor incorporating TiO2 coated mesh structures
Authors: El-Kalliny Amer S. , Rivandi Alireza H. , Uzun Sibel , Ruud van Ommen J. , Nugteren Henk W. , Rietveld Luuk C. , Appel Peter W. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The rate of photocatalytic oxidation of contaminants in drinking water using an immobilized catalyst can be increased by properly designing the catalyst structure. By creating a solar reactor in which meshes coated with TiO2 were stacked, we demonstrated that degradation of humic acids with four superimposed stainless steel meshes was up to 3.4 times faster than in a single plate flat-bed reactor. Incorporation of TiO2 coated mesh structures resulted in a high specific photocatalytically active surface area with sufficient light penetration in the reactor, while the coated area for one mesh was 0.77 m2 per m2 projected area. This brought the photocatalytic efficiency of such reactors closer to that of dispersed-phase reactors, but without the complex separation of the very fine TiO2 particles from the treated water.
Ensemble Visual Content Based Search and Retrieval for Natural Scene Images
Authors: Singh Pushpendra , Hrisheekesha P.N. , Singh Vinai K. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is one of the fields for information retrieval
where similar images are retrieved from database based on the various image descriptive parameters. The
image descriptor vector is used by machine learning based systems to store, learn and template matching.
These feature descriptor vectors locally or globally demonstrate the visual content present in an image using
texture, colour, shape, and other information.

Objective:
The main vision of this paper is to categorize and evaluate those algorithms, which were proposed
in the interval of last 10 years. In addition, experiment is performed using a hybrid content descriptors
methodology that helps to gain the significant results as compared with state-of-art algorithms.

Methods:
In past, several algorithms were proposed to fetch the variety of contents from an image based on
which the image is retrieved from database. But, the precision and recall for the gained results using single content
descriptor is not significant. The proposed system architecture uses the hybrid ensemble feature set for image
matching. The hybrid parameters include globally and locally defined feature extraction methodologies.

Results:
The hybrid methodology decreases the error rate and improves the precision and recall for large
natural scene images dataset having more than 20 classes. The overall combination will provide almost 97%
accurate results which is better than the existing literature results.

Conclusion:
In conclusion the experimentation result suggests that the use of the local feature extraction
mechanism is better when compared with the global feature extraction methodology.
Influence of Al, Ta Doped ZnO Seed Layer on the Structure, Morphology and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanorods
Authors: Mageswari S. , Palanivel Balan 
Published: March 2019

Background:Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most attractive II-VI semiconductor oxide material, because of its direct wide band gap (3.37 eV) and large binding energy (60 meV). Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a promising semiconductor due to its optimised optical properties. Among semiconductor nanostructures, the vertically aligned one-dimensional ZnO nanorods are very important for nano device application.Methods:Vertically aligned ZnO nanorod arrays were grown on ZnO, aluminum doped ZnO (ZnO:Al), tantalum doped ZnO (ZnO:Ta) and aluminum and tantalum co-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al,Ta) seed layer by hydrothermal method.Results:The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) investigation indicated the presence of hexagonal phase for the both seed layers and nanorods. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of ZnO and doped ZnO seed layer thin-films show spherical shaped nanograins organized into wave like morphology. The optical absorption spectra revealed shift in absorption edge towards the shorter wavelength (blue shifted) for ZnO nanorods grown on ZnO:Al, ZnO:Ta and ZnO:Al,Ta seed layer compared to ZnO nanorods grown on ZnO seed layer.Conclusion:The increase in band gap value for the ZnO nanorods grown on doped ZnO seed layers due to the decrease in crystallite size and lattice constant as evidenced from XRD analysis. The unique property of Al, Ta doped ZnO can be used to fabricate nano-optoelectronic devices and photovoltaic devices, due to their improved optical properties.
Student’s Research Activity
Authors: Tymochko Nataliya 
Published: March 2019

Breakthrough technologies and fast development in the informational basis in medicine put on finding different sources for well-timed reception of necessary information in order to keep pace with achievements in medicine (journals, conferences, and webinars). Such demand can be often met only after individual studying, researching necessary information. Each student must be proficient in methods of research activity. In higher educational institutions of Ukraine students are taught to approach search and usage of scientific and practical research projects methodologically in their training.
Objective. To teach students formulate hypotheses, collect and evaluate critical data for problem solving, writing of a research project.
Model of Teacher’s Readiness for Educational Work with Students at Higher Education Institution
Authors: Vyshyvanyuk Vira , Skrobach Nadiya , Shapoval Oksana , Petryna Vitalii , Solomchak Dmytro 
Published: March 2019

The importance and prospects for developing a model of teacher’s readiness for educational work with students at higher education institutions are determined by social factors such as: firstly, the educational influence of both the teacher and educational institution on the formation of the student’s personality, his/her initiative, creative approach to the organization of the teaching and educational process; secondly, the use of collective forms of educational activity where pedagogical education and the students’ independent activity are organically combined; thirdly, the development and improvement of the teacher’s educational activity, especially its organizational and communicative components.
The developed model of teacher’s readiness for educational work is a system subordinated to certain tasks of methodological work which simultaneously allows teacher to successfully increase his/her readiness for educational work at the particular higher education institution.
The model itself is a specific form of reflection, which contains information about the object. A characteristic feature of such models is their simplicity in comparison with the original or real-life situation which is modelled.
Camouflage treatment for skeletal Class III patient with facial asymmetry using customized bracket based on CAD/CAM virtual orthodontic system:
Authors: Sha Ha Na , Lim Sun Young , Kwon Sun Mi , Cha Jung-Yul 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
When considering camouflage orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion with skeletal facial asymmetry, it is crucial to preserve the favorable compensated posterior occlusion. Once the inclination of the compensated occlusion is changed during orthodontic treatment, unstable occlusion, such as crossbite or scissor bite may occur. A 23-year-old female patient had anterior spacing with Class III malocclusion and a mandibular asymmetry. A nonsurgical approach was adopted. The treatment objectives were to establish a Class I molar relationship with compensated inclination of the posterior dentition and to correct the midline deviation. To achieve these goals, the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) orthodontic system plus customized brackets was applied, and miniscrews were used to distalize the left mandibular dentition for midline correction. The results suggested that the CAD/CAM-based customized brackets can be efficiently used in camouflage treatment to achieve a correct final occlusion.
The Effect of Liquid Meal Replacements on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight/Obese Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Noronha Jarvis C. , Nishi Stephanie K. , Braunstein Catherine R. , Khan Tauseef A. , Blanco Mejia Sonia , Kendall Cyril W.C. , Kahleová Hana , Rahelić Dario , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Leiter Lawrence A. , Sievenpiper John L. 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVE
The evidence for liquid meal replacements in diabetes has not been summarized. Our objective was to synthesize the evidence of the effect of liquid meal replacements on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data sources included MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library through 10 December 2018. We included randomized trials of ≥2 weeks assessing the effect of liquid meal replacements in weight loss diets compared with traditional weight loss diets on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data and assessed risk of bias. Data were pooled using the inverse variance method. The overall certainty of the evidence was evaluated using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation).

RESULTS
Nine trial comparisons (N = 961 [median follow-up 24 weeks]) met eligibility criteria. Mean differences were for body weight −2.37 kg (95% CI −3.30 to −1.44), BMI −0.87 kg/m2 (−1.31 to −0.42), body fat −1.66% (−2.17 to −1.15), waist circumference −2.24 cm (−3.72 to −0.77), HbA1c −0.43% (−0.66 to −0.19) (−4.7 mmol/mol [−7.2 to −2.1]), fasting glucose −0.63 mmol/L (−0.99 to −0.27), fasting insulin −11.83 pmol/L (−23.11 to −0.54), systolic blood pressure −4.97mmHg (−7.32 to −2.62), and diastolic blood pressure −1.98 mmHg (−3.05 to −0.91). There was no effect on blood lipids. The overall certainty of the evidence was low to moderate owing to imprecision and/or inconsistency.

CONCLUSIONS
Liquid meal replacements in weight loss diets lead to modest reductions in body weight, BMI, and systolic blood pressure, and reductions of marginal clinical significance in body fat, waist circumference, HbA1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and diastolic blood pressure. More high-quality trials are needed to improve the certainty in our estimates.
Computing Tire Component Durability via Critical Plane Analysis
Authors: Mars William V. , Wei Yintao , Hao Wang , Bauman Mark A. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Tire developers are responsible for designing against the possibility of crack development in each of the various components of a tire. The task requires knowledge of the fatigue behavior of each compound in the tire, as well as adequate accounting for the multiaxial stresses carried by tire materials. The analysis is illustrated here using the Endurica CL fatigue solver for the case of a 1200R20 TBR tire operating at 837 kPa under loads ranging from 66 to 170% of rated load. The fatigue behavior of the tire's materials is described from a fracture mechanical viewpoint, with care taken to specify each of the several phenomena (crack growth rate, crack precursor size, strain crystallization, fatigue threshold) that govern. The analysis of crack development is made by considering how many cycles are required to grow cracks of various potential orientations at each element of the model. The most critical plane is then identified as the plane with the shortest fatigue life. We consider each component of the tire and show that where cracks develop from precursors intrinsic to the rubber compound (sidewall, tread grooves, innerliner) the critical plane analysis provides a comprehensive view of the failure mechanics. For cases where a crack develops near a stress singularity (i.e., belt-edge separation), the critical plane analysis remains advantageous for design guidance, particularly relative to analysis approaches based upon scalar invariant theories (i.e., strain energy density) that neglect to account for crack closure effects.
A Húsvét Homiletikuma
Authors: FEKETE Károly 
Published: March 2019

The Homiletics of Easter.
The death of Jesus was the sacrifice of the obedient and loving Son until death. Good Friday and Easter are inseparable. The cross and the resurrection together make Jesus the Christ and the Saviour. The sacrifice of the cross is linked to the open tomb of our Lord. And this interconnection can invite us to rejoice. If I understand the significance of Easter, I can also believe in its reality. The resurrection must not only be taught, but also believed. Otherwise, my creed of the resurrection is sacrificium intellectus (the victim of reason), an empty, arbitrary, and contradictory statement. The triple benefit of the resurrection of Christ is referred to in the 45th question–answer of the Heidelberg Catechism as the three time planes: the past, the present, and the future showing the threefold consolation of the resurrection. The first time plane recalls the memorable past, the first Easter, when the Prince of Life came out of the tomb of Joseph Arimathia. The second time plane points to the present. Christ has overcome the power of death to learn to walk in new life right now. Everything that must happen to us must be under the power of the living Jesus Christ. The third time plane is the Future: Christ overcame the power of death, so there will be a resurrection for us. God brought life to triumph with the resurrection of Christ. His resurrection is the keystone of the glorious resurrection that will come upon Christ`s return. The Resurrection of Jesus Christ is a guarantee of the renewal of the whole created world. The relationship between the present world and the “new heavens and new earth” (2 Peter 3,13) is characterized by continuity and discontinuity at the same time: we are waiting for the ultimate salvation that we have already “tasted” and which will be quite different from what we can think or imagine.
Effect of orally administered melatonin on intraocular pressure of ophthalmologically normal dogs
Authors: Visser Hannah E. , Dees D. Dustin , Millichamp Nicholas J. , Vallone Lucien V. , Scott Erin M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of orally administered melatonin on the intraocular pressure (IOP) of ophthalmologically normal dogs.

ANIMALS
20 ophthalmologically normal dogs (40 eyes).

PROCEDURES
In a randomized crossover study, each dog received a 7-day regimen of melatonin (0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) and a placebo (150 mg of lactose powder in a capsule, PO, q 12 h), with a 7-day washout period between treatment regimens. Rebound tonometry was used to measure the IOP in both eyes of each dog 5 times at 2-hour intervals on days 0 (before administration of the first dose), 2, 4, and 7 (after administration of the last dose) of each treatment period. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the effects of treatment, day, and IOP measurement time within day on IOP.

RESULTS
Intraocular pressure was not significantly associated with treatment but was associated with day and the interaction between day and IOP measurement time within day. The mean ± SD IOP was 14.26 ± 2.95 and 14.34 ± 2.69 mm Hg for the melatonin and placebo regimens, respectively. Within each treatment period, the mean IOP tended to decrease from day 0 to 7 as well as within each day, which was attributed to the dogs becoming acclimated to the study protocol and natural diurnal variations in IOP.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results indicated that oral administration of melatonin (0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg, q 12 h for 7 d) did not significantly affect the IOP of ophthalmologically normal dogs.