bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enter Vladimir Teliakovsky
Authors: Meisner Nadine 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chapter 10 records the arrival of Teliakovsky as the new director. Championing the new artistic ideas that were flourishing in Moscow, he wanted to bring these to sclerotic St Petersburg where the flop of Petipa’s last big ballet, The Magic Mirror, epitomized just how out of touch Petipa was. Teliakovsky saw Petipa as finished, ‘a squeezed lemon’, and set about pushing him out. The reforms in theatre design, as represented by Konstantin Korovin and Alexander Golovin, meant there was revolution inside the theatres, just as there was revolution outside on the streets, with the march on the Winter Palace in 1905. The political fervour spread to elements in the ballet company, who wanted more control and the return of Petipa. But he was too old; the chapter concludes with his death in 1910 and the many tributes to him.
Introduction
Authors: Colombo Matteo , Irvine Liz , Stapleton Mog 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Andy Clark is a leading philosopher and cognitive scientist. His work has been wide-ranging and inspiring. The extended mind hypothesis, the power of parallel distributed processing, the role of language in opening up novel paths for thinking, the flexible interface between biological minds and artificial technologies, the significance of representation in explanations of intelligent behaviour, the promise of the predictive processing framework to unify the cognitive sciences: these are just some of the ideas illuminated by Clark’s work that have sparked intense debate across the sciences of mind and brain. This introduction puts into focus some of the major motifs running through Clark’s work and outlines the content and structure of the volume.
The Elusive Extended Mind
Authors: Adams Fred 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
For nearly twenty years Andy Clark has been the chief architect and proponent of the thesis of extended mind. But it is only the cognitive processes in the mind that extend, according to Clark (not consciousness itself). However, when it comes to saying what a cognitive process is such that one can determine whether it does or does not extend, Clark is less forthcoming. He has offered a Dennettian “cognition is as cognition does.” He has offered that cognition is “what supports intelligent behavior.” In some cases he comes very close to asserting that we don’t really need to say what cognition is. This chapter explains why this all matters and why the failure to be more forthcoming makes the extended mind an elusive entity.
Breaking the Waves
Authors: Wheeler Michael 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Andy Clark is the foremost architect of the extended cognition hypothesis (ExC), according to which the machinery of mind extends beyond the skull and skin. Advocates of ExC divide into several camps, the most prominent being the first-wave (parity-based) theorists and the second-wave (complementarity-based) theorists. These two groups are routinely at loggerheads. Given this, it is an intriguing fact that Clark’s work has been appealed to by both sides. By exploring Clark’s own treatment of the relationship between parity and complementarity, this chapter argues that neither of these phenomena can ground a compelling case for extended cognition, and neither can their simple conjunction. Against Clark, it argues that a better argument for extended cognition relies on the concept of a mark of the cognitive. This argument does not fit comfortably into either first-wave or second-wave ExC, although it is perhaps most naturally seen as a development of the former.
When Is a Mind Extended?
Authors: Kirsh David 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores four conditions for operationalizing the concept of cognitive extension. (1) Temporal tightness of the coupling—interaction between inner and outer processes must be fast, tight, and fluid, interacting at the speed of thought. (2) External mind parts must be transparent extensions of ourselves like glasses or prosthetic limbs that are psychologically absorbed into the subject’s body sense. We act through these parts or processes rather than on them. (3) Cognitive extensions are “owned”; they are not independent functioning units that could be a source of cognition themselves; inner processes confer cognitive status on the outer. (4) Extended parts or processes interact bidirectionally; causation is reciprocal, though controlled from the biological side. The chapter concludes that extension does exist. Through interaction we create an extended cognitive envelope. The parts of this envelope are episodic processes enacting external thinking rather than being an enduring assemblage of parts. To make the final leap to durable mind parts—external assemblages that are parts of a person even when not in use—requires reasoning of the sort lawyers and judges do best, not scientists.
The Archaeology of the Extended Mind
Authors: Sterelny Kim 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Our great ape cousins, and very likely the last common ancestor of the human and pan lineage, depend very largely on their own intrinsic capacities not just for material resources but also for their informational resources. Chimps and bonobos are capable of social learning, and very likely, in their foraging and their communicative practices, they do learn from their parents and peers. But everything they learn socially they could probably learn by themselves, by individual exploration learning. Their lives do not depend on social learning. And while they may learn about their physical and social environment from others, they do not learn how to learn. Humans are very different: for us, social learning is essential rather than optional. As a consequence, our cognitive capacities are amplified by our social environment, by our material technology, and by our capacities to learn cognitive skills, not just physical skills, from our social peers. This chapter charts the deep history of these changes and their archaeological signature.
Beyond the Desert Landscape
Authors: Friston Karl J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
To what extent is predictive processing enactivist? This overview of predictive processing and active inference offers an account of embodied exchange with the world that associates neuronal processing with inferring the causes of our sensations. Crucially, one of the most important causes of the sensorium is our own behaviour, which—perhaps counterintuitively—has to be inferred. The agenda—in active inference—is to link formal (mathematical) descriptions of dynamical systems to a description of active perception in terms of beliefs and goals. In short, it tries to understand why and how we gather evidence for our own existence. There are several approaches to this sort of formulation. This chapter compares and contrasts a Helmholtzian or Kantian (bottom-up) approach—via perception—with the sort of (top-down) approaches offered by the statistical physics of self-organisation in sentient systems.
How Radical Is Predictive Processing?
Authors: Orlandi Nico , Lee Geoff 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses Andy Clark’s recent explorations of Bayesian perceptual models and predictive processing. In the first part, the chapter discusses the predictive processing (PP) framework, explicating its relationship with hierarchical Bayesian models in theories of perception. In the second part, it examines the relationship between perception and action in the PP model. The overarching goal is twofold: first, to get clearer on the picture of mental activity that Clark is presenting, including what exactly is represented at the levels of the perception/action hierarchy, and the nature of the information processing it postulates; second, although the framework presented by Clark certainly has interesting novel features, some of his glosses on it are misleading. In particular, Clark’s interpretation of predictive processing as essentially a top-down, expectation-driven process, on which perception is aptly thought of as “controlled hallucination,” exaggerates the contrast with the traditional picture of perception as bottom-up and stimulus-driven. Additionally, despite the rhetoric, Clark’s PP model substantially preserves the traditional distinction between perception and action.
Curating and Re-Curating the American Wars in Vietnam and Iraq
Authors: Sylvester Christine 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Who is an authority on the American wars in Vietnam and Iraq? The Pentagon? Leading politicians? Allies? Academic specialists? The media? American soldiers? Vietnamese and Iraqis? Protesters? Families of war dead? Curators of war exhibitions? War novelists? This book considers locations of war knowledge that are often overlooked by scholars in the social sciences and also by civilians who have an interest in understanding these wars. It takes readers to a permanent exhibition of war at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History, to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial and its traveling facsimile, to Section 60 of the Arlington National Cemetery where military killed in Iraq are buried, and to well-regarded novels and memoirs about these wars. Across vastly different sites of war knowledge, the book considers whose war appears where, how it is curated, and whether some sites re-curate commonplace understandings of these wars by highlighting experiences war experts can neglect.
The Smithsonian Curates America’s Wars in Vietnam and Iraq
Authors: Sylvester Christine 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the evolution of the Smithsonian museums, including failed attempts to establish a national war museum, before focusing on one exhibition at its National Museum of American History. The Price of Freedom: Americans at War is a permanent display of objects related to every war Americans fought from colonial times to the 2003 war in Iraq. At issue is how that exhibition depicts the American wars in Vietnam and Iraq. Ten years before Price of Freedom opened, the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum planned an exhibition on the American bombing of Hiroshima that collapsed from controversy over whose war and which victims should be shown. The Price of Freedom cautiously focuses only on the American side of each war. The Vietnam rooms offer impressive American technologies while rooms dedicated to the American war in Iraq are remarkably absent of objects and seem barely curated.
The Enterprisers
Authors: Fedyukin Igor 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Enterprisers traces the emergence of “modern” school in Russia during the reigns of Peter I and his immediate successors, up to the accession of Catherine II. The efforts to “educate” Russia represent a trademark of Peter I’s reign and reformist program, and innovations in schooling in Russia in the eighteenth century have traditionally been presented as a top-down, state-driven process. As with many other facets of the emerging early modern state, the Petrine-era school usually appears as the product of the practical needs of the tsar’s new “regular” army, which demanded skilled technical personnel. It is also commonly taken to be the personal creation of Peter I, who singlehandedly designed it and forced it on an unwilling population. Contrary to this received wisdom, The Enterprisers argues that schools were instead invented and built by “administrative entrepreneurs”—or projecteurs, as they were also called in that era—who sought to achieve diverse career goals, promoted their own pet ideas, advanced their claims for expertise, and competed for status and resources. As the in-depth study of some of the most notable episodes in the history of educational innovation and school-related “projecting” in Russia in the first half of the eighteenth century demonstrates, the creation of “modern” schools took place insofar as it enabled such enterprisers to pursue their agendas. The individual projects these enterprisers proposed and implemented served as building blocks for the edifice of the “well-regulated” state on the threshold of the modern era.
Animals as Persons
Authors: Rowlands Mark 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Far from being contrary to common sense, the idea that some nonhuman animals can be persons conforms to a certain prominent strand in common sense. Three conceptions of personhood are distinguished: legal, moral, and metaphysical. The subject of this book is the metaphysical sense of person. Four essential conditions of metaphysical personhood are identified: consciousness, cognition, self-awareness, and other-awareness. These conditions are advanced as individually necessary and collectively sufficient for an individual to qualify as a person. A person is an individual that is conscious, in the sense that there is something it is like to be that individual; it is a cognitive agent capable of engaging in reasoning; it is aware of itself; and it is aware of others precisely as other persons.
The Ghost of Clever Hans
Authors: Rowlands Mark 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
According to the problem of other animal minds, claims to know anything about the minds of animals suffer from serious problems of justification. These problems parallel the problem of other human minds. Inferentialist approaches argue that the justification lies in the appropriate form of inference. These approaches are inadequate for a variety of reasons. Direct perception approaches claim our access to the minds of animals is, in some cases, perceptual. A novel form of the direct perception account is defended. This is based on three ideas: (a) a distinction between seeing and seeing that, (b) a distinction between formal and functional descriptions of behavior, and (c) the idea that functional descriptions of behavior are (often) disguised psychological descriptions. If we wish to have any useful descriptions of animal behavior, we must accept that we can often see their mental states.
Beyond the Looking Glass
Authors: Rowlands Mark 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Standard ways of thinking about self-awareness in animals—the mirror test and the debate over metacognition—assume self-awareness must take an intentional form, where a bodily or psychological facet of an individual is taken as an intentional object of a mental act of that same individual. There are several reasons for supposing that this intentional model of self-awareness is inadequate. These include Wittgenstein’s analysis of the idea of knowing one is in pain, Shoemaker’s arguments that much self-awareness is immune to error through misidentification, and Perry’s argument for the non-eliminability of an indexical component of self-awareness. These cases show that, in self-awareness, what one is aware of is often not independent of the act of awareness, and this is something that cannot be accommodated by the intentional model.
In Different Times and Places
Authors: Rowlands Mark 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The idea of pre-intentional self-awareness is extended to incorporate awareness of one’s mental states or acts and of the “lived” body. The temporal parameters of pre-intentional self-awareness are also extended by way of a detailed consideration of episodic memory in animals. Whether animals are capable of such memory is controversial, due to our inability to determine whether they represent past episodes in the right way. Even if animals cannot episodically remember, they still have pre-intentional awareness of themselves through time. This pre-intentional awareness of the self through time consists in a sense of familiarity, which is explained in parallel with perception: in terms of a generated series of anticipations in which the person who remembers is implicated.
In Three Minds
Authors: Stade Cory , Gamble Clive 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Within cognitive archaeology, the Paleolithic mind is portrayed as rational, experiential, and anthropological. This chapter argues that the use of experiential and anthropological perspectives has the potential to enrich archaeological interpretations of early hominin cognition through the use of emotional and relational aspects. Wynn’s evolutionary cognitive archaeology is extended by using affective and material standpoints to explore the spaces between minds. The chapter emphasizes the importance of the work of Thomas Wynn to the development of the discipline and offers avenues to incorporate social, emotional, and relational aspects of mind in the study of early cognition—for example, the involvement of theory of mind when considering stone knapping, and the cultural transmission of early stone tool industries such as the Lomekwian. In a case study of the Middle Paleolithic site of Bruniquel Cave, the three approaches to the Paleolithic mind are explored, as well as their distinct interpretations.
Challenging Hegemony, Competing for the Truth
Authors: Togman Richard 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chapter 6 focuses on the rebirth of the Malthusian concept of overpopulation and the translation of fears over hunger, poverty, and environmental destruction to the problem of population. Moreover, delving into how alternative theories arose to challenge the dominant modernization discourse championed by national security and development agencies of Western states, this chapter explores the subjugated discourses espoused by actors including the nascent environmental movement, the Soviet Union, the Vatican, and the Black Panthers. This chapter shows how it is the subjective threat perception, married to the dominant discursive frame the actor adopts, that results in the creation of natalist attitudes and policy. Significantly, the wishes of individuals themselves are systematically ignored when actors come to narrate the meaning of fertility for the collective, which due to the very conceptualization of the problem at hand most often results in the failure of policy to have the desired effects.
Babies Will Save Us
Authors: Togman Richard 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chapter 9 examines the transnationalization of the neo-mercantilist discourse among developed world states. Tracing its origins to developments in France and the Soviet Union, this chapter explores how current government attitudes across the developed world came to be, as over two-thirds of all developed world states are now trying to grow their populations through manipulating fertility. This is the first major deconstruction of modern attitudes on population growth among developed world states that fully accounts for the rise and spread of such dramatically isomorphic policies across such dissimilar states while simultaneously accounting for the generalized failure of such policies to result in the desired objective. This chapter updates the natalist history of the developed world and explains how such a diverse array of governments, policymakers, academics, and the general public have come to seek the salvation of their nations in the wombs of their people.
Family Sacrifices
Authors: Jeung Russell M. , Fong Seanan S. , Kim Helen Jin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Family Sacrifices provides a comprehensive, sociological portrait of Chinese Americans’ most cherished values, practices, and ethics, ultimately illuminating why this ethnic group is the most nonreligious (52%) in the United States. Though unaffiliated, Chinese Americans adhere to the moral system of familism, a transpacific lived tradition rooted in Chinese Popular Religion and Confucianism, which prioritizes family above other commitments. Hybridizing their Chinese and American sensibilities, Chinese Americans employ familism as the primary narrative for constructing meaning, identity, and belonging. Research on the religiously unaffiliated in the U.S. focuses on nonbelief and nonbelonging. Yet the spiritual and ethical systems of China place more emphasis on ritual and virtue. To address this gap in understanding non-Western moral systems, Family Sacrifices employs the new theoretical concept of liyi, translated as “ritual propriety and righteous relations.” Reappropriated from its original Chinese usage, liyi is a needed breakthrough for understanding Chinese religiosity and the emergence of religious “nones” in the United States. Family Sacrifices is the first book based on national survey data on Asian American religious practices and a seminal text on the fastest-growing racial group in the United States. At the intersection of Asian American studies, sociology of religion, and religious studies, it is a much needed text for anyone working with Chinese Americans and the unaffiliated.
Transmission
Authors: Jeung Russell M. , Fong Seanan S. , Kim Helen Jin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chapter 3 investigates the educational and class-based differences in how Chinese American households transmit the liyi dimensions of Chinese Popular Religion and Confucianism. Working-class households tend to pass down the practices of Chinese Popular Religion based on fate, luck, and qi, whereas professional households tend to affirm Confucian thought to match their rational, scientific worldviews. Nearly all respondents’ parents practiced elements of Chinese Popular Religion, most notably venerating ancestors, adhering to fengshui principles of qi, and celebrating Lunar New Year. For working-class families, these practices included belief in supernatural realities and the efficacy of practices to bring about well-being and good fortune. Chinese American professional families saw these rituals as secular customs and maintained them for different reasons: to instill family responsibility through ancestor veneration, maintain good energy via fengshui, and celebrate their heritage through Lunar New Year.
Conclusion
Authors: Jeung Russell M. , Fong Seanan S. , Kim Helen Jin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The conclusion provides a summary of the book chapters, including the genealogy, transmission, translation, and yi and li of Chinese American familism. The conclusion discusses the theoretical implications of employing a liyi framework to understand Chinese Americans and Asian Americans in relation to religious, ethnic, gendered, and sexual identities, as well as mental health and political organizing. The authors explore the implications for employing the theory of liyi in current debates about the category of religion as well as the study of religious “nones,” especially among American millennials. Future directions are discussed.
Moral Development, Moral Identity, and Prosocial Behavior
Authors: Gibbs John C. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on some of the variables accounting for individual differences in the likelihood of prosocial behavior. “Prosocial behavior” can range from a particular intervention to a lifetime dedicated to just and good causes. Highly prosocial individuals (moral exemplars) tend to be morally mature and highly empathic but field-independent (Moral Type B, internal locus of control, high self-efficacy) persons who perceive morality as central to their sense of self (high moral identity). Moral identity can join the main primary (affective and cognitive) sources of moral motivation. Finally, to take effective sustained action, even highly prosocial individuals need grit or ego strength, defined in terms of affect-regulating follow-through skills. Distinguishing features of genuine (versus spurious) moral exemplars are considered at the end of the chapter.