bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early sonographic manifestation of fetal congenital lobar emphysema
Authors: Khatib Nizar , Beloosesky Ron , Ginsberg Yuval , Lea Bentur , Michal Gur , Weiner Zeev , Bronshtein Moshe 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAdvanced fetal sonographic equipment has contributed to the increase in prenatal diagnosis of congenital thoracic malformations. Among these anomalies is congenital lobar emphysema (CLE), a rare congenital anomaly characterized by over distention and overexpansion of the involved fetal pulmonary lobe. Several studies addressed the prenatal diagnosis of CLE in mid second or early third trimester. The early prenatal diagnosis and the outcome of a case of CLE are reported in this study.
Differential regulation of IgA+ B cells in vitro by stromal cells from distinctive anatomical compartments
Authors: Cen Selena Y , Moreau Joshua M , Furlonger Caren , Berger Alexandra , Paige Christopher J 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
B cell development is regulated by stromal cells (SCs) that form a supportive microenvironment. These SCs along with other cell types produce cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules that guide B cell commitment and differentiation. BM, spleen (Sp), and the gut lamina propria (LP) constitute distinctive anatomical compartments that support B cell differentiation. In order to characterize and compare the signals necessary to generate IgA+ B cells, we developed an in vitro system to co-culture gut LP, BM, or Sp-derived SCs with B lineage cells. Using this co-culture system, we found that gut LP SCs promote IgA+ B cell accumulation through the production of soluble stimulatory factors. In contrast to gut LP SCs, BM and splenic SCs were found to impair IgA+ B cell accumulation in vitro. Taken together, these observations provide new insights into how SCs derived from different anatomical locations shape IgA+ B cell responses.
Intra‐ and interreader reproducibility of PI‐RADSv2: A multireader study
Authors: Smith Clayton P. , Harmon Stephanie A. , Barrett Tristan , Bittencourt Leonardo K. , Law Yan Mee , Shebel Haytham , An Julie Y. , Czarniecki Marcin , Mehralivand Sherif , Coskun Mehmet , Wood Bradford J. , Pinto Peter A. , Shih Joanna H. , Choyke Peter L. , Turkbey Baris 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI‐RADSv2) has been in use since 2015; while interreader reproducibility has been studied, there has been a paucity of studies investigating the intrareader reproducibility of PI‐RADSv2.PurposeTo evaluate both intra‐ and interreader reproducibility of PI‐RADSv2 in the assessment of intraprostatic lesions using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI).Study TypeRetrospective.Population/SubjectsIn all, 102 consecutive biopsy‐naïve patients who underwent prostate MRI and subsequent MR/transrectal ultrasonography (MR/TRUS)‐guided biopsy.Field Strength/SequencesProstate mpMRI at 3T using endorectal with phased array surface coils (TW MRI, DW MRI with ADC maps and b2000 DW MRI, DCE MRI).AssessmentPreviously detected and biopsied lesions were scored by four readers from four different institutions using PI‐RADSv2. Readers scored lesions during two readout rounds with a 4‐week washout period.Statistical TestsKappa (κ) statistics and specific agreement (Po) were calculated to quantify intra‐ and interreader reproducibility of PI‐RADSv2 scoring. Lesion measurement agreement was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsOverall intrareader reproducibility was moderate to substantial (κ = 0.43–0.67, Po = 0.60–0.77), while overall interreader reproducibility was poor to moderate (κ = 0.24, Po = 46). Readers with more experience showed greater interreader reproducibility than readers with intermediate experience in the whole prostate (P = 0.026) and peripheral zone (P = 0.002). Sequence‐specific interreader agreement for all readers was similar to the overall PI‐RADSv2 score, with κ = 0.24, 0.24, and 0.23 and Po = 0.47, 0.44, and 0.54 in T2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE), respectively. Overall intrareader and interreader ICC for lesion measurement was 0.82 and 0.71, respectively.Data ConclusionPI‐RADSv2 provides moderate intrareader reproducibility, poor interreader reproducibility, and moderate interreader lesion measurement reproducibility. These findings suggest a need for more standardized reader training in prostate MRI.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2
The interaction of circRNAs and RNA binding proteins: An important part of circRNA maintenance and function
Authors: Zang Jiankun , Lu Dan , Xu Anding 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe widespread expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is regarded as a feature of gene expression in highly diverged eukaryotes. Recent studies have shown that circRNAs can act as a miRNA sponge to repress miRNA function, participate in splicing of target genes, translate genes into protein and interact with RNA binding proteins (RBPs). RBPs are a broad class of proteins involved in gene transcription and translation, and interaction with RBPs is considered an important part of circRNA function, which can serve as an essential element underlying the functions of circRNAs, including genesis, translation, transcriptional regulation of target genes, and extracellular transport. In this mini‐review, we attempt to explore in detail the relationship between circRNAs and RBPs, and the interactions between the two factors. The goal of this review is to investigate the emerging studies of RBPs and circRNAs to better understand how their interaction alters cellular function.
What are the lessons from nature for doing well and doing good in different environments? A hybrid perspective of microfinance and slow money
Authors: Jayashankar Priyanka , Ashta Arvind , Rasmussen Mark 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTen criteria derived from the evolutionary theory allow the comparison of the characteristics of hybrid organizations in India and the United States. The resulting taxonomy enables us to extrapolate management lessons based on our theory building initiative. We contribute to hybrid theory by discussing how hybrid organizations mirror nature. We extend our theoretical framework to social enterprise theory and naturological theory. Finally, we recommend strategies for hybrid organizations to enhance their resilience and balance different priorities.
The inclusive business model revisited: An “extended resource‐based theory” (re)definition built on the investigation of three diversified inclusive enterprises in France
Authors: Ranjatoelina Jérémy Tantely 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe inclusive business model concerns organizations whose strategic intent is to include in their value creation predominantly people who are being wasted by the dominant practices of actors on the market due to a presumption of negative performance. Inclusive business models have been initially defined by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The “extended resource‐based theory” proposes a new typology of resources, which includes the “wasted” resource notion. The strategic intent is being seen as a main component of the business model and plays an interface role. Inclusive enterprises predominantly employ people who are excluded from the workplace. The suggested definition of the inclusive business model is extended to any form of organization fighting against social exclusion and it specifies that the included vulnerable people must be the majority among the human resources. Through the “extended resource‐based theory” prism, inclusive organizations have both alternative perception and intention toward wasted human resources and inclusive business models realize this alternative intent. This renewed view of the inclusive business model could facilitate its appropriation and application by both practitioners and researchers, and both in developed and in developing countries.
Discrimination of cancerous and healthy colon tissues: A new laser‐based method
Authors: Gündoğdu Yasemin , Alptekin Hüsnü , Karabağlı Pınar , Şahin Mustafa , Kilic Hamdi Ş. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundFemtosecond (fs) Laser Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (fs‐LIMS) on colon tissues are described and investigated using ionization/fragmentation processes in details to present a new application in this study. Linear Time of Flight (L‐TOF) mass analyzer was utilized to investigate paraffin‐embedded human tissue in this study. The effect of fs laser intensity on the spectral characteristics was investigated and interpreted due to mass spectra obtained using 800 nm wavelength with 90 fs pulses at 1 kHz repetition rate.ObjectivesMass spectra of tissues were recorded from L‐TOF system and then analyzed by performing a statistical approach called Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The fs‐LIMS method applied is proposed as a new and pioneering technology to analyze tissues using L‐TOF system, as a human free fast and reliable intra‐operative cancer diagnosis method for guiding surgeon to clean the edges of cancerous tissues to be applied during the surgical operation, for pathological examinations. Fs‐LIMS provides some unique diagnosis opportunities to investigate biochemical characteristics of cancerous tissues leading to obtain sensitive, fast, and reliable results. The analysis of tissue is based on distribution of molecular ion (m/z) peaks in low mass region (<m/z 100) in mass spectra. Fs‐LIMS provides a great data for identification of tissues (healthy and cancerous) in details. The effect of laser pulse was investigated in this study and also different types of lasers are utilized for various investigations from surgery to spectroscopy.MethodsThe experimental setup mainly consists of an ultrafast (90 fs) laser system, a mass spectrometer, laser‐tissue interaction/ablation chamber, data collection, and analysis system with windows based fast digital‐storage oscilloscope, statistical application codes which have been developed by our group for analyses running under MATLAB software.ResultsParaffin embedded colon tissues have been distinguished from each other with statistical approaches using fs‐LIMS based data as an alternative to histological and pathological examinations.ConclusionThe fs‐LIMS method provides a powerful novel approach to identify and analyze tissues. This promising method provides a fast and reliable (free of human mistakes) diagnosis and guidance for pathologists, surgeons, and patients during surgical operations, as well as increase the significance of mass spectrometric tissue analysis methods, especially with those capability of molecular identification of tissues. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pridopidine, a clinic‐ready compound, reduces 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine‐induced dyskinesia in Parkinsonian macaques
Authors: Johnston Tom H. , Geva Michal , Steiner Lilach , Orbach Aric , Papapetropoulos Spyros , Savola Juha‐Matti , Reynolds Ian J. , Ravenscroft Paula , Hill Michael , Fox Susan H. , Brotchie Jonathan M. , Laufer Ralph , Hayden Michael R. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundPridopidine, in development for Huntington's disease, may modulate aberrantl‐dopa‐induced effects includingl‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia (LID).ObjectiveThis study investigated whether pridopidine could reduce LID in the MPTP macaque model of Parkinson's disease and characterized the observed behavioral effects in terms of receptor occupancy.MethodsThe pharmacokinetic profile and effects of pridopidine (15‐30 mg/kg) on parkinsonism, dyskinesia, and quality of on‐time, in combination withl‐dopa, were assessed in MPTP macaques with LID. Pridopidine receptor occupancy was estimated using known in vitro binding affinities to σ1and dopamine D2receptors, in vivo PET imaging, and pharmacokinetic profiling across different species.ResultsPridopidine produced a dose‐dependent reduction in dyskinesia (up to 71%, 30 mg/kg) and decreased the duration of on‐time with disabling dyskinesia evoked byl‐dopa by 37% (20 mg/kg) and 60% (30 mg/kg). Pridopidine did not compromise the anti‐parkinsonian benefit ofl‐dopa. Plasma exposures following the ineffective dose (15 mg/kg) were associated with full σ1occupancy (>80%), suggesting that σ1engagement alone is unlikely to account for the antidyskinetic benefits of pridopidine. Exposures following effective doses (20‐30 mg/kg), while providing full σ1occupancy, provide only modest dopamine D2occupancy (<40%). However, effective pridopidine doses clearly engage a range of receptors (including adrenergic‐α2C, dopamine‐D3, and serotoninergic‐5‐HT1Asites) to a higher degree than D2and might contribute to the antidyskinetic actions.ConclusionsIn MPTP macaques, pridopidine produced a significant decrease in LID without compromising the antiparkinsonian benefit ofl‐dopa. Although the actions of pridopidine were associated with full σ1occupancy, effective exposures are more likely associated with occupancy of additional, non‐sigma receptors. This complex pharmacology may underlie the effectiveness of pridopidine against LID. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Abnormality in Maternal Dietary Calcium Intake During Pregnancy and Lactation Promotes Body Weight Gain by Affecting the Gut Microbiota in Mouse Offspring
Authors: Li Ping , Tang Tiantian , Chang Xuelian , Fan Xiuqin , Chen Xiaoyu , Wang Rui , Fan Chaonan , Qi Kemin 
Published: December 2018

ScopeTo investigate the effects of calcium status in early life on adult body weight and the underlying mechanisms involved in gut microbiota and related lipid metabolism.Methods and resultsThree to four‐week‐old C57BL/6J female mice were fed diets with normal, insufficient, and excessive calcium respectively throughout pregnancy and lactation. The weaning male pups were fed with a high‐fat diet for 16 weeks, with a normal‐fat diet to the normal calcium group as control. The offspring fecal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA high‐throughput sequencing, and mRNA expressions of genes were determined by the real‐time RT‐PCR. Maternal insufficient or excessive calcium intake exacerbated offspring obesity, with expressional changes in the Fasn, Acc1, LPL, Fiaf, and PPAR‐α genes in the liver or fat. The dysbiosis in gut microbiota in obese offspring was exacerbated by maternal imbalanced calcium intake, with increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes in calcium insufficiency, and decreased Verrucomicrobia in calcium excess. Several genera, including Bacteroides, were reduced, and Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillus were increased by maternal insufficient or excessive calcium intake.ConclusionImbalance in maternal calcium intake promotes body weight gain in offspring, which may be mediated by calcium's modulation on the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism.
A compact and high gain substrate integrated horn array antenna system
Authors: Ramadurgakar Ameya , Song Heather H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a novel compact, lightweight and high gain array antennae system is demonstrated which is based on substrate integrated dielectric filled waveguide concepts. It is a planar design which can be easily fabricated with a common two‐layer substrate. The overall goal was to have a high gain so that this array antenna could be potentially used in autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle systems for collision avoidance. An initial model was designed, simulated and fabricated and, upon evaluation, was further modified to achieve a higher performance specification. Additionally, the design can be easily and inexpensively fabricated using standard substrates with a rapid prototyping platform. A two element array resulted in a simulated gain of 9.6 dB with a radiation pattern which had a maximum lobe between a broadside and an end‐fire. This was with a low loss substrate such as Rogers RT duroid 5880. For the design, a low dissipation factor material is preferable as it minimizes losses and also increases compactness of the entire antenna array.
Size‐adaptable “Trellis” structure for tailored MRI coil arrays
Authors: Zhang Bei , Brown Ryan , Cloos Martijn , Lattanzi Riccardo , Sodickson Daniel , Wiggins Graham 
Published: December 2018

PurposeWe present a novel, geometrically adjustable, receive coil array whose diameter can be tailored to the subject in order to maximize sensitivity for a range of body sizes.Theory and MethodsA key mechanical feature of the size‐adaptable receive array is its trellis structure that was motivated by similar structures found in gardening and fencing. Our implementation is a cylindrical trellis that features encircling, diagonally interleaved slats, which are linked together at intersecting points. The ensemble allows expansion or contraction to be controlled with the angle between the slats. This mechanical frame provides a base for radiofrequency coils wherein approximately constant overlap, and therefore coupling between adjacent elements, is maintained when the trellis is expanded or contracted. We demonstrate 2 trellis coil concepts for imaging lower extremity at 3T: a single‐row 8‐channel array built on a trellis support structure and a multirow 24‐channel array in which the coil elements themselves form the trellis structure.ResultsWe show that the adjustable trellis array can accommodate a range of subject sizes with robust signal‐to‐noise ratio, loading, and coupling.ConclusionThe trellis coil concept enables an array of surface coils to expand and contract with negligible effect on tuning, matching, and decoupling. This allows an encircling array to conform closely to anatomy of various sizes, which provides significant gains in signal‐to‐noise ratio.
The mechanics of urethral closure, incontinence and midurethral sling repair. Part 2 further experimental validation (1993‐2003)
Authors: Petros Peter , Abendstein Burghard 
Published: December 2018

InPart 1, The original 1990 science behind the MUS, the hypothesized closure mechanisms, and the prototype MUS itself were presented. The next phase of MUS development began in 1990 in collaboration with the late Ulf Ulmsten. It had two arms

Further development of the prototype MUS.
Further anatomical, imaging, urodynamic studies to validate the role of PUL in the closure mechanisms.
A second series of prototype MUS operations performed under LA/sedation resulted in a permanently implanted polypropylene sling and the MUS as is known today. The tape was elevated until no urine leaked on coughing. This demonstrated that the artificial PUL neoligament needed to be at a specific length to work. Anatomical, EMG and video ultrasound, and X‐ray studies confirmed three directional muscles contracted pubourethral (PUL) and uterosacral (USL) ligaments. The contribution of the horseshoe shaped rhabdosphincter (RS) to continence was directly tested with pressure measurements under live surgery conditions. It was concluded that the RS was responsible for pressure generation but not continence. Continence was a consequence of intraurethral resistance to flow created by the distal and proximal urethral closure mechanisms, both governed ultimately by the Law of Poiseuille.ConclusionsThe key element in curing USI is creation of a competent PUL using the collagenous neoligament surgical principle described in Part 1. This creates a firm insertion point for the three directional muscle forces, restoring their contractile strength and closure.
Quantifying cardiac‐induced brain tissue expansion using DENSE
Authors: Adams Ayodeji L. , Kuijf Hugo J. , Viergever Max A. , Luijten Peter R. , Zwanenburg Jaco J.M. 
Published: December 2018

Brain tissue undergoes viscoelastic deformation and volumetric strain as it expands over the cardiac cycle due to blood volume changes within the underlying microvasculature. Volumetric strain measurements may therefore provide insights into small vessel function and tissue viscoelastic properties. Displacement encoding via stimulated echoes (DENSE) is an MRI technique that can quantify the submillimetre displacements associated with brain tissue motion. Despite previous studies reporting brain tissue displacements using DENSE and other MRI techniques, a complete picture of brain tissue volumetric strain over the cardiac cycle has not yet been obtained. To address this need we implemented 3D cine‐DENSE at 7 T and 3 T to investigate the feasibility of measuring cardiac‐induced volumetric strain as a marker for small vessel blood volume changes. Volumetric strain over the entire cardiac cycle was computed for the whole brain and for grey and white matter tissue separately in six healthy human subjects. Signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) measurements were used to determine the voxel‐wise volumetric strain noise. Mean peak whole brain volumetric strain at 7 T (mean ± SD) was (4.5 ± 1.0) × 10−4 (corresponding to a volume expansion of 0.48 ± 0.1 mL), which is in agreement with literature values for cerebrospinal fluid that is displaced into the spinal canal to maintain a stable intracranial pressure. The peak volumetric strain ratio of grey to white matter was 4.4 ± 2.8, reflecting blood volume and tissue stiffness differences between these tissue types. The mean peak volumetric strains of grey and white matter tissue were found to be significantly different (p < 0.001). The mean SNR at 7 T and 3 T of the DENSE measurements was 22.0 ± 7.3 and 7.0 ± 2.8 respectively, which currently limits a voxel‐wise strain analysis at both field strengths. We demonstrate that tissue specific quantification of volumetric strain is feasible with DENSE. This metric holds potential for studying blood volume pulsations in the ageing brain in healthy and diseased states.
A new algorithm for the shortest‐path problem
Authors: Elmasry Amr , Shokry Ahmed 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this article we propose a new single‐source shortest‐path algorithm that achieves the same O(n · m) time bound as the Bellman‐Ford‐Moore algorithm but outperforms it and other state‐of‐the‐art algorithms in many cases in practice. Our claims are supported by experimental evidence.
Second‐order cone programming formulation of discontinuous deformation analysis
Authors: Meng Jingjing , Cao Ping , Huang Jinsong , Lin Hang , Chen Yu , Cao Rihong 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIn classic discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), artificial springs must be employed to enforce the contact condition through the open‐close iteration. However, improper stiffness parameters might cause numerical problems. The main goal of this paper is to propose a new framework of DDA using second‐order cone programming. The complementarity relationship at contacts can be formulated directly; thus, artificial springs are avoided. Stemming from the equations of momentum conservation of each block, the governing equations of DDA can be cast as convex optimization problems. The basic variables in the formulations can be either block displacements or contact forces. The derived optimization problems can be reformulated into a standard second‐order cone programming program, which can be solved using standard efficient optimization solvers. The proposed approach is validated by a series of numerical examples.