bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Research of Big Data Analysis Platform of Oil & Gas Production
Authors: Ruidong Zhao , Chunming Xiong , Junfeng Shi , Yufeng Zhang , Yi Peng , Shiwen Chen , Feng Deng , Xishun Zhang , Xin Zhang , Chengyan Sun , Guojing Miao , Lihong Xu , Xianfeng Wei 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
With the construction of intelligent oil field, profound change is being brought by internet of things and big data, resulting in innovative development and management by information collection, distributed computing and data mining and other technologies. However, it is a great challenge for us that how to combine big data analysis technique with conventional oil & gas production to serve petroleum industry better. Because of complexity and unknown of oil & gas production, present production problems can not be real-time solved by conventional plans. Big data method is introduced for these problems. Big data analysis platform of oil & gas production is established initially, realizing the functions of data handling, diagnosis, prediction, early warning, and multivariate visualization analysis. Well condition can be predicted by model identification of time series of well load, current, pressure, liquid level, rate and other parameters. Visual problems of multi-parameter sensitivity analysis can be solved by dimensionality reduction method. Based on big data clustering analysis, oil wells in a block can be bulk evaluated. Big data analysis platform of oil & gas production platform is still improving. Based on multi dimension and source data, through statistical analysis, model identification, clustering analysis and visualization, intelligent diagnose, prediction, optimization decision and evaluation of oil & gas production will be finished, realizing the transform from operation model to data model. Finally, a new method will be provided for increasing production, declining energy consumption and saving cost.
Reduced Downtime in Subsea Operations through Use of Predictions of Underwater Visibility for ROVs - Science and Application
Authors: Larcombe P. , Garvey M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Many aspects of subsea installation and inspection operations involve Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) and a human pilot viewing live video feeds. Work may be inhibited when the visibility is reduced through increased turbidity. This work aimed to understand and quantify the drivers of ROV visibility at a site (depth 240-280 m), in the Browse Basin, offshore Western Australia and develop techniques to allow prediction of underwater visibility ranges more generally. Using a range of measurements and evidence-based analysis, the work has developed a reliable and useable method of predicting underwater visibility ranges at various heights above the seabed. This technique requires appropriate measurements and understanding of sedimentary processes.
The First Successful Deployment of Downhole Oil-Water Separation Technology in South China Sea: Lessons Learned and Way Ahead
Authors: Li Feng , Li Xiaoping , Zou Xinbo , Duan Zheng , Liao Tian , Lu Xiaonan , Ren Yang 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The operator of an offshore oilfield located in South China Sea, has been researching for efficient methods to tackle the production constraints from the increasing produced water amount and maximize oil recovery. An ESP assisted downhole oil and water separation system, known as SubSep system, was designed and successfully installed in year 2014. During the operations, the system achieved designed separation performance but went offline due to heavy sand problem. This paper concentrates on sharing the experience of complete cycle of system design, deployment, operation and post-job investigations, and discussing the lessons learned and future improvements for downhole oil and water separation technology.
The downhole oil and water separation system features in two independent ESP to operate simultaneously: the lower ESP feeds well fluid into multistage hydrocyclone where oil is separated from water, and enters upper ESP to lift to ground, while water is injected to injection layer. Installed in year 2014, the system is the first successful deployment of downhole oil and water separation technology in South China Sea area. The system has totally operated 480 days, during which various operation methodologies were experimented and outcomes analyzed. In normal operation the separated water collected from sample line in water injection zone showed 99ppm oil, and 75% of water was reduced to ground, which signaled the significant success in water and oil separation. The system went offline when surface water rate increased abnormally and injected water with high oil concentration. Further investigation of pulled system showed clear evidence of abrasions from sand and quarts. Future improvement pathways were identified as applying multiple sand control methods, simplifying completion strings, enhancing chemical injection programs and implementing surface experiments.
This paper shares the experience of a complete cycle of design, deployment, operation, and post-job investigations of a downhole oil and water separation system, and provide reference for future improvements and optimizations
Reliability of Formation Cuttings as an Aid in Defining Minerology to Reduce Subsurface Uncertainties
Authors: Shah Sahriza Salwani Md , Ali M. Taufiq M. , Rashid Syamsina 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In the current climate, of oil price slump, native sampling and data acquisition are deemed uneconomical as oil and gas companies adopt cost rationalization to sustain business models. Exploration and development data which were previously overlooked are now being sought to gain critical. Cuttings, collected during drilling, can provide overburden and reservoir mineralogical data for better understanding of formations as well as a detailed evaluation of seal integrity for a consideration as a potential CO2 storage sites.
Through reservoir zonation and well correlation, drill cuttings were selected from respective target zones. Depending on the sample condition, necessary preparations were carried out prior to mineralogical analysis on this cutting samples. Sample age and improper preservation significantly impacted sample condition and some had to be discarded during the screening process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was carried out on selected samples which yielded semi-qualitative mineralogical data (+/- 5%). The drill cuttings mineralogy data were then cross checked with rock chips from available conventional core and well logs to observe variances and consistency.
Samples from four wells in the S field were analyzed to establish the mineralogical data. Variance of mineralogical content was observed between cuttings and rock chip samples, however mineral proportion are comparable, particularly in clay minerals, plagioclase, siderite and pyrite. Similar type of clay minerals were observed in both ditch cutting samples and core chip samples, where the total clay amount in Seal A is higher than in Seal B. Both types of samples have high contents of illite, and mixed layer (illite dominated) and minimal content of the swelling clay, smectite. Overall, results indicated similar mineralogical composition across S field cap rock in seal A and seal B intervals.
The study demonstrates the reliability of the ditch cutting samples, with proper selection and preparation, providing more extensive coverage and availability of mineralogical description over extended zones. The mineralogical information is useful for the analysts to discern the facies types and distribution, hence reducing the uncertainties.
Preliminary Design Analysis of Deepwater Production Risers
Authors: Dev Arun 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Steel Catenary Risers (SCRs) and Hybrid Risers (HRs) are the most common production riser systems used in deepwater. These concepts are field proven. SCRs and Steel Lazy Wave Risers (SLWRs), a specific configuration of SCR, have been widely used in Gulf of Mexico (GoM). HRs have also recently gained popularity in West of Africa, as the concept proves to be advantageous in harsh environments. This paper addresses the global structural response of various production risers attached to a Semi-submersible in GoM. The stress analysis was conducted based on the fundamental thoughts of SCR and HR. Thus, 26 different models of risers (HRs, SCRs, and SLWRs) were analyzed to investigate the impacts of the various critical considerations on the riser structure. Details of riser modeling, environmental data, and vessel particulars are described. A primary vortex induced vibration analysis was also conducted to assess the systems further. The studies stated above were evaluated using a dynamic analysis software, Orcaflex. An initial cost calculation was also done for a holistic approach for selection of riser. Finally, the results obtained from the analyses were assessed. The key findings and conclusions were described. As such, a suitable riser was determined.
DeepStar A Global Offshore Technology Development Programme: Programme Summary
Authors: Gomes J. V. , Shamshy S. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
DeepStar is an operator funded Research & Development collaboration between oil companies, vendors, regulators and academic/research institutes which started in 1991. This paper outlines DeepStar's new strategies and summarizes its organization, operation, and direction. Included in this paper are additional detail on the major historical accomplishments as well as current CORE research projects and additional Satellite projects activities. With DeepStar membership including over eight international oil and gas companies and a number of service companies that supply technologies and services to those operators. Our operators’ development focus on all of the world's deepwater and ultra-deepwater basins, it is well positioned to ensure members are focused on the right technical challenges and leveraged to produce meaningful and value-creation results.
Optimizing Automatic History Matching for Field Application Using Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Sanghyun L. , Stephen K. D. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
History matching is a commonly used process that integrates a static model with dynamic data to obtain an accurate tool for predicting reservoir performance. Automatic History Matching (AHM) assisted by computers helps engineers control a large number of parameters efficiently to minimize a misfit compared to the traditional trial and error approach. However, effort is necessary to optimize the process of AHM to reduce simulation running time.
Stochastic algorithms such as the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) can be combined with the least squares single objective function to explore the parameter space. Parameterization and realization methods are employed to enhance the effectiveness of history matching. In this field study history matching was conducted while identifying the feasibility of each method. A number of realisations of various properties such as porosity, net to gross, relative permeability, horizontal and vertical permeability, and aquifer size were selected for controlling throughout the AHM. The optimized process is discussed to provide guidelines.
We found that stochastic algorithms are efficient at handling a large number of control parameters in heterogeneous reservoirs to improve the match. It was observed that GA was able to update a large number of control parameters. However, GA is a costly algorithm that requires more computing time. The realization and parameterization methods improved the accuracy of a full-field application although errors remained in predictions of the bottomhole pressure.
While simple relatively homogenous fields may be manually history matched, more complex fields require a good parameterization scheme. In addition we observed that selecting too many parameters makes the problem difficult to solve while selecting too few leads to false convergence.
In this study, we observed that the PSO had a shorter convergence time compared to the GA, Using the GA as a follow up method helped find better results. Overall this study can be used as a guideline in selecting an appropriate history matching method.
Oilfield Microbiology: Molecular Microbiology Techniques Used During a Biocide Evaluation
Authors: Bennet Douglas , Hoffmann Heike 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Biocide chemicals are an essential control in the oil and gas industry. From drinking water to hydrocarbon production streams, it is necessary to use the correct chemical, at the correct dose to prevent uncontrolled microbiological activity. The objective of this review is to discuss an example of a biocide evaluation that tested seven (7) different biocide chemicals (from the same chemical vendor) against planktonic and sessile microbial populations by both traditional and molecular microbiological monitoring techniques.
The methods used in the biocide evaluation were in accordance to internationally recognised standards; NACE TM0194-2014 ‘Field Monitoring of Bacterial Growth in Oil and Gas Systems’ and NACE TM0212-2012 ‘Detection, Testing, and Evaluation of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion on Internal Surfaces of Pipelines’. The procedure stated that 7 biocides at 2 concentrations (500ppm and 1000ppm of product) were to be tested against bacterial populations (planktonic and sessile), in relation to appropriate water chemistry and microbial consortia. The microbiological techniques used to determine the biocide efficacy were; traditional Most Probable Number (MPN) bacterial enumeration of; Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB), General Heterotrophic Bacteria (GHB) and Acid-Producing General Heterotrophic Bacteria (APGHB), Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) with pre-selected primers for SRB, Sulphate Reducing Archaea (SRA), and lastly, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS).
The results from the microbiological techniques allowed for an evaluation by ranking each biocide chemical in comparison to the total test group of chemicals, against untreated controls. Performance was based on the reduction of microbiological populations from the untreated control populations and greater microbiological community detail was achieved through interpretation of the molecular techniques data.
The inclusion of molecular microbiological monitoring techniques to biocide evaluations is a novel approach to understanding the direct impact of biocide chemicals in greater detail. In turn, this approach will provide knowledge and valuable information for chemical addition optimisation and cost saving.
Application of Innovative High Density High-Performance Water-Based Drilling Fluid Technology in the Efficient Development and Production of Ultra-Deep Complicated Formations in the Tian Mountain Front Block in China
Authors: Long Li , Da Yin , Lei Li , Zihang Yan , Chao Huang , Cha Ma , Yuping Yang , Xiao Liu 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Tarim Basin is the biggest oil and gas bearing basin in China. The ultra-deep formations in the Tian Mountain Front Block in North Border of Tarim Basin is characterized by ultra-high temperature, high pressure, ultra-thick composite salt-gypsum formations, and high collapse stress formations are widely distributed, so it will bring great challenge to drilling operation.
To solve significant non-productive time (NPT) and low rate of penetration (ROP) encountered in dealing with borehole instability, stuck pipe, and high pressured brine influx in the process of drilling operation in salt-gypsum formations, high-density oil-based drilling fluids have been successfully run to drill more than 70 wells in the past three years. Oil-based drilling fluid system has excellent comprehensive properties, and it could solve the contradiction between safety drilling of ultra-deep wells and formation complexity.
But a great number of oily cuttings are generated in the process of drilling operation. These oily cuttings contain a large number of harmful substances, such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, surfactants, and so on, which are toxic and difficult to be biodegradable, so the discharge of oily cuttings into the environment without any treatment will lead to serious contamination of soil and ground water.
An innovative high density water-based mud (WBM) is formulated. The results show that the high performance mud can provide good rheology and fluid stability under HTHP conditions, withstand high solids loading and deliver a high tolerance to brine or salt contamination, so the high-performance drilling fluid is recommended to drill the gypsum-salt formations and the reservoirs with natural fractures and inter-bedded shale.
Above all, this high-performance WBM (HPWBM) is a type of nontoxic drilling fluids. The discharge of new fluid system or obtained cuttings into the environment without any treatment could meet the discharge standard.
As a result, HPWBM technology can provide a powerful technical support for achieving safety and high quality drilling in this Block. This paper presents field data to illustrate the application of this technology and evaluate the potential technical and economic benefits that it might provide to petroleum development and production in Tarim Basin.
Optimal Fire and Gas Detectors Testing for Thailand E&P Business
Authors: Panomrit Agkarat 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Generally, the inspection, testing and maintenance of fire and gas detectors uses the statement specified in NFPA (American Code) as a starting point. That codes and standard may cite to various sets of relevant standard with the ultimate, open clause to be rely on "Local Law and Regulation" or "Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).
Thailand has no exception – The relevant Thai Law and Regulation based mainly on that NFPA which prescribed the inspection, testing and maintenance mostlty on "Time-Based Principle" (e.g. this initiating device type shall be visual inspected every 6 months) and with exceptional clause to provide more flexibility, if adjustment needed with approval from Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) (e.g. unless otherwise permitted by, or …. By Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ), table 14.3.1 shall be applied).
Those mentioned requirement looks easy to understand, to do and to manage in the light of law-like statement, but the key question popped up that, doing so is only the one way out to deal with during this oil price downturn?
In our perspective, it's not. Then, we have to find other way out to cope with, especially when number of fire and gas detectors keep on increasing according to the increment in number of remote wellhead platforms and facilities.
Numerical Modeling of Biopolymer Flooding in High-Temperature High-Salinity Carbonate Cores
Authors: Al-Shalabi Emad W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPolymer flooding is a well-established commercially available chemical technique for enhancing oil recovery. This technique is mainly used in sandstones with a limited application in carbonates due to the harsh reservoir conditions of high temperature and high salinity. This paper numerically investigates the effect of Schizophyllan biopolymer on oil recovery from carbonate cores. The effect of biopolymer on oil recovery was predicted by running several synthetic 1D simulations using measured reservoir rock and fluid data. Biopolymer flow behavior was modeled through considering adsorption, viscosity, density, salinity, non-Newtonian, inaccessible pore volume, permeability reduction, and degradation effects. The simulation runs were performed in both secondary and tertiary modes of injection. The study also includes a description of polymer screening, rheological properties measurement, and design to tailor high temperature and high salinity carbonate reservoirs.The results show that the investigated biopolymer improves oil recovery in both secondary and tertiary modes of injection compared to conventional formation waterflooding. Moreover, the overall oil recovery of both secondary and tertiary polymer floodings are almost comparable after 6 pore volumes of injection. Nevertheless, the application of polymer flooding in the secondary mode is more preferable due to boosting the oil production rate at an earlier time. Also, an optimum polymer concentration of 800 ppm is recommended for achieving a minimum total relative mobility of oil and water phases. The findings of this work are supported by fractional flow and mobility ratio analyses to highlight the improvement in volumetric sweep efficiency as a result of using the investigated biopolymer. This study highlights the advantages of using Schizophyllan biopolymer on oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs with high temperature and high salinity conditions. The biopolymer improves mobility ratio by mainly decreasing water effective permeability and increasing water viscosity. The study at the laboratory-scale is considered as a basis for field-scale predictions.
Deriving Directional Wave Spectra from Ship Motions
Authors: Milne I. A. , Zed M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The ability to derive the directional wave spectra directly from the motions of a floating facility can be of significant value to offshore industry, particularly for sites where reliable observations are not available. This study employs new full-scale measurements of the dynamic motions of an operating drillship to evaluate the performance a parametric model to estimate the directional wave spectra at a swell dominated region. The drillship was dynamically positioned and operated at a constant draft which reduces the inherent uncertainties in the model. The model was applied to a range of interesting wave states, including multi-modal swells and the results were compared with estimates obtained independently from a numerical hindcast. It was found that generally favourable estimates of the wave spectral properties could be obtained at the site, particularly the mean wave direction and peak spectral period. The study, therefore, provides encouraging support for the use of drillships to acquire valuable metocean data for the offshore industry.
Chemical Treatment of Toxic Produced Water from Offshore Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery Applications for Overboard Discharge
Authors: Zakwan M. , Sahak M. , Aris M. Shiraz , Ariff Idzham F. M. , Saadon Shazleen , Muhammad M. Fadhli , Radi N. M. , Daud N. M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The injection of chemicals in a chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) program is expected to impose technical and economic challenges in produced water management especially for offshore installations. The breakthrough of injection chemicals into the surface facilities process lineup, through the water phase, have been tested to be toxic and the typical overboard discharge option will have to be substituted with a much more complex and expensive reinjection scheme if a solution to treat the discharge water is not found. A study to find a chemical treatment solution capable of degrading the toxic components in CEOR produced water was carried out and upscaled towards a pilot implementation for an offshore Malaysian field. The advanced oxidation process (AOP) technique was evaluated as it showed promising capabilities for the intended application. The governing degradation mechanism in the AOP stems from the release of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), with the aid of UV radiation, which oxidizes organic components in the injected chemicals to detoxify the outlet stream of the surface facilities process. The results from the experiments showed promising degradation potential where complete degradation of the toxic chemicals was achieved. Specific degradation rates of the chemicals at fixed rates of UV radiation were obtained in this study and used with the electrical energy per order (EE/O) upscaling correlation to size a treatment system for the intended pilot implementation. Compared to other established chemical degradation applications, the upscaling EEO value of 17.9 kWh/1000 USgal/order can be considered to be within reasonable range.