bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The vaccinaTion & Hpv Knowledge (THinK) questionnaire: a reliability and validity study on a sample of women living in Sicily (southern-Italy)
Authors: Matranga Domenica , Lumia Cristina , Guarneri Rossella , Arculeo Vincenza Maria , Noto Marcello , Pivetti Alessia , Serra Gregorio , Guarneri Maria Francesca , Spera Antonio 
Published: May 2019

Objective
The aim of this study was to introduce the VaccinaTion & Hpv Knowledge (THinK) questionnaire to assess knowledge about human papillomavirus (HPV) and attitude to HPV-vaccination. Its reliability and validity was demonstrated in a sample of women living in Sicily (southern Italy).

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of 220 women at the “Paolo Giaccone” University Hospital in Palermo (Sicily), aged 18–61. Data were analyzed through Cronbach’s alpha and exploratory factor analysis, followed by a structural equation model with measurement component. The two-level data structure was explicitly considered.

Results
Three dimensions were found: “knowledge of HPV infection (kHPV), “Attitude to be vaccinated against HPV (aHPV)” and “Knowledge about vaccines (KV)” (97% overall explained variance). Internal consistency was good for the whole questionnaire (0.82) and the first dimension (0.88) and acceptable for the second (0.78) and the third dimension (0.73). 23% of women showed no or little knowledge of HPV and 44.3% of women had no or little knowledge about HPV induced lesions.

Discussion
The use of a validated questionnaire may serve as a useful measure to assess general knowledge about HPV and attitude towards vaccination against HPV in the primary prevention setting.
Water permeability/impermeability in seeds of 15 species of Caragana (Fabaceae)
Authors: Chen Dali , Zhang Rui , Baskin Carol C. , Hu Xiaowen 
Published: May 2019

Majority legumes in the temperate and arctic zones have water-impermeable seeds (physical dormancy, PY). However, various authors have reported that seeds of some Caragana species are water-permeable and thus non-dormant. We (1) tested seeds of 15 species of Caragana matured in the same site in 2014, 2016 and/or 2017 for presence of PY, (2) determined if dry storage decreased or increased the percentage of seeds with PY and (3) located the site on the seed coat of 11 species where water enters the seed. Sixty-three percent and 45% of the seeds of C. roborovskyi had PY in 2016 and 2017, respectively, but only 0–14% of the seeds of the other 14 species had PY. The palisade layer in the seed coat of water impermeable seeds had no cracks in it, whereas cracks were present in the palisade layer of water-permeable seeds. Year of collection and dry storage had significant effects on imbibition of two species (C. acanthophylla and C. roborovskyi). In two (C. acanthophylla and C. roborovskyi) of the 11 species tested, the hilum was the site of water entry into seeds (control seeds, not any dormant broken treatments), but for the other nine species tested water entered through all parts of the seed coat.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Selected Natural Products on Microorganisms Isolated from Throat of Patients with Throat Infection
Authors: Omoya F. O. , Omole T. E. , Falese O. A. , Ajayi K. O. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Natural products have been used in traditional medicines for treatment of infections due to the antimicrobial activity they exhibit. This study therefore evaluates the efficacy of honey, ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) extracts on microorganisms isolated from throat of patients with throat infection.
Methods: The antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of honey, ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) extracts was investigated against microorganisms isolated from throats of infected patients at the ENT Department of State Specialist Hospital, Akure, using agar disc diffusion and agar well diffusion technique respectively.
Results: Bacteria isolated from patients with throat infection were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis while the fungal isolates were Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. The antibacterial and antifungal assay results showed that all bacterial isolates were inhibited by honey, garlic and ginger extract. Honey, ginger and garlic showed highest inhibition against P. mirabilis (19.01±0.31 mm), P. aeruginosa (20.20±0.42 mm) and S. aureus (23.00±0.01 mm) respectively also, antifungal assay results showed that all the extracts had antifungal effect on the fungal isolates. The combination of equal concentrations of honey plus garlic showed the highest inhibitory effect on all the test bacteria followed by honey plus ginger then garlic plus ginger while the combination of honey plus garlic had the highest inhibitory effect on Candida albicans (21.63±0.02 mm) but garlic plus ginger combination showed the highest inhibitory effect on Candida tropicalis (21.68±0.04 mm).
Conclusion: The result of this study therefore showed that the bacteria and fungi isolated from throat of patients with throats infection demonstrated sensitivity towards the tested samples of honey, garlic and ginger and hence, can serve as effective therapeutic agents in the treatment of throat infections.
The Effects of Mindfulness Training on Wisdom in Elementary School Teachers
Authors: Boulware Jean Ngoc , Huskey Brenda , Mangelsdorf Heather Harden , Nusbaum Howard C. 
Published: May 2019

Aims: School teachers have hundreds of spontaneous interactions with students each hour, requiring frequent decision-making. Often these interactions require social understanding and emotional self-regulation, two constructs often identified with wisdom and mindfulness. Increasing mindfulness could aid wiser management of classroom demands. The present study evaluated effects of an online mindfulness course on measured wisdom in a sample of public elementary school teachers.
Study Design: This study used a pretest posttest design using data collected immediately before taking the online mindfulness course and after completion of the course. End of the school year follow-up data was analyzed for all teachers.
Place and Duration of Study: Participants were enrolled from multiple cities across the United States including Boston, Columbus, Chicago, Milwaukee, Seattle, and San Diego between June 2014 and June 2015. Data were collected online and analyzed at the University of Chicago.
Methodology: Public elementary school teachers (n = 12) were assigned to a mindfulness training or a matched wait-list condition (11 female, 1 male; age range 26 – 57 years). Teachers had a range of teaching experiences from 1 to 36 years (median =18 years) and taught grades K-4 at schools with 30% - 50% Caucasian students with 40%-60% students receiving free and reduced-price lunches. We used standardized measures for mindfulness, wisdom, emotion regulation, compassion, theory of mind, state/trait anxiety, stress, burnout, and efficacy.
Results: Online mindfulness training produced a significant increase in mindful awareness and changes in cognitive wisdom implying increased understanding of inter/intrapersonal concerns. There was a significant increase in mindful attention in those who completed both pre- and post-class online evaluations (n = 10) solicited by Mindful Schools (t (9) = 2.738, p = .02) from 54.3 to 59.9 following training (ΔM= 5.6, SD = 6.5). Wisdom, measured with Ardelt’s Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (n =12), demonstrated a significant change increase in the cognitive dimension of wisdom (t(11) = 2.39, p =.03) with a non-significant increase in the affective dimension (t(11) =1.38, p =.19) and a non-significant reduction in the reflective dimension of wisdom (t(11) =.96, p = .35) following mindfulness training.
Conclusion: Online mindfulness training may help develop wise decision making as a skill for teachers to aid classroom management and social problem solving.
Adaptive Monte Carlo Integration
Authors: Huber Mark 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Markov chain Monte Carlo uses a Markov chain to generate samples approximately drawn from a target distribution. There are several well‐known techniques such as Metropolis–Hastings for building a Markov chain whose limiting distribution equals the target distribution. In Adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo, the Markov chain used changes slightly from step to step, learning from the states of the chain already visited in order to make the process converge more rapidly to its limiting distribution. While the resulting process will not be strictly Markovian, as long as the adaptation obeys certain rules, the process will still converge to the target distribution. With a well‐chosen adaptation, this convergence can be much faster than a basic Markov chain approach.
Dutch Book
Authors: Vineberg Susan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA Dutch Book is a series of bets that collectively guarantee a loss to one side, regardless of the outcome of the individual bets. Dutch Books have been invoked to defend a variety of constraints on degrees of belief and to ground the subjective interpretation of probability. The article describes how Dutch Books have been so used, and identifies the central presuppositions involved. The use of Dutch Books in supporting additional probabilistic norms, including Bayesian Conditionalization principles, is also discussed.
Causal Graph Models for Predictive and Prescriptive Analytics
Authors: Cox Louis A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCausal graph models such as causal Bayesian networks and influence diagrams are highly useful for describing how the probability distributions of some variables depend on the values of others; predicting the values of as‐yet unobserved variables from the values of observed ones; forecasting how changes in current controllable actions, decisions, or policies will change the probabilities of future outcomes; prescribing what choices to take to maximize expected utility; and evaluating the effects of past policies and interventions. Algorithms for learning such models from data are increasingly widely available. This article reviews the main concepts, applications, and methods of causal graph modeling and analysis and discusses various meanings for “cause.”
Illness‐Death Model
Authors: Touraine Célia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe illness‐death model is a simple multistate model that has been widely used in medical applications. It is useful to describe situations where individuals are in an initial state “health” and will experience a terminal event, corresponding to the absorbing state “death,” that may or may not be preceded by an intermediate event, corresponding to the transient state “illness.” We first describe this model, focusing on its most common form: the irreversible Markov illness‐death model. Then, we review some estimation methods and R packages depending on whether the underlying process is observed in continuous time or in discrete time regarding entry into the illness state. Finally, we address the issues of reversibility and relaxation of the Markov assumption.
Particle Filtering
Authors: Johansen Adam M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Particle filtering is a (sequential) Monte Carlo technique for simulation‐based inference in intractable general state space hidden Markov models for which such inference is not analytically tractable. It is an approach to characterize the distribution of an indirectly observed Markov chain as observations become available, which involves simulating the evolution of a system of particles, which can be used to approximate estimators of interest.
General Micromagnetic Theory and Applications
Authors: Kronmüller Helmut 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objective of this contribution is to review the principles of the continuum theory of micromagnetism and to show its applications to the main static and dynamic problems of ferromagnetic materials. Micromagnetism as a continuum theory closes the gap between quantum theory, dealing with atomic scales, and the Maxwell theory, dealing with macroscopic dimensions. Micromagnetism therefore corresponds to the tool to deal with nano‐ and microscales. Micromagnetism has become an indispensible theory for a fundamental understanding of magnetic domain configurations, magnetization processes, and the interaction between magnetization and microstructures. After Landau–Lifshitz's wall calculations in 1935 and Brown's publication of the so‐called Brown's micromagnetic equations in 1940/41, micromagnetism became the standard method to analyze the basic magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials in the range of nano‐ and microscales.The following review gives a brief presentation of the different energy terms involved in the magnetic Gibbs free energy and a derivation of the micromagnetic equilibrium conditions and of the effective field. Some characteristic applications illustrate the effectiveness of micromagnetism in the case of domain walls, nucleation problems, interaction with microstructures, domain patterns, and the dynamics of magnetization processes.This contribution also gives a definition of the different exchange lengths related to dipolar fields, magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy, magnetostatic energy of external fields, and the magnetoelastic coupling energy.Whereas only a few cases exist where analytical solutions of the highly nonlinear micromagnetic equations are available, the progress in computational micromagnetism allowed the numerical solution of many open problems treated in the contributions by Miltat et al., Schrefl et al., and D. Goll in theHandbook of Magnetism and Advanced Magnetic Materialsed. by Kronmüller and Parkin Kronmüller and Parkin (2007).
Relationships Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health Status in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: DeQuattro Kimberly , Trupin Laura , Li Jing , Katz Patricia P. , Murphy Louise B. , Yelin Edward H. , Rush Stephanie , Lanata Cristina , Criswell Lindsey A. , Dall'Era Maria , Yazdany Jinoos 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poor adult health and immune dysregulation. The impact of ACEs on patients with autoimmune disease is unknown. The present study was undertaken to compare the prevalence of ACEs in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to a population‐based survey estimate and to investigate relationships between ACEs and SLE outcomes.MethodsData derived from the California Lupus Epidemiology Study (CLUES), a sample of adult patients with SLE. Participants completed a 10‐item ACE questionnaire covering 3 domains (abuse, neglect, household challenges). We estimated ACE prevalence in 269 CLUES participants compared to geographically matched respondents from the 2015 California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), which was standardized to CLUES participant characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity). We examined associations of patient‐reported and physician‐assessed health status measures with overall ACE levels and domains using multivariable linear regression, controlling for sociodemographics, nephritis, and juvenile‐onset SLE.ResultsAlthough specific domains varied, overall ACE levels were similar for CLUES and BRFSS respondents. Among SLE patients, 63.2% had ≥1 ACE, and 19.3% had ≥4. ACEs were more prevalent in those who were older, women, Latino or African American, and without college degrees, but not in those with lupus nephritis. In adjusted models, higher ACE levels and ACE domains were associated with worse patient‐reported SLE activity, depression, and health status but were not significantly associated with physician‐assessed SLE activity, damage, or severity.ConclusionGiven the association between ACE levels and important patient‐reported outcomes in SLE, our study reinforces the need for prevention of ACEs in childhood and for clinical interventions to promote resilience among adults who have experienced ACEs.
Patient‐Reported Barriers at School for Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Chomistek Kelsey , Johnson Nicole , Stevenson Rebeka , Luca Nadia , Miettunen Paivi , Benseler Susanne M. , Veeramreddy Dwaraka , Schmeling Heinrike 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify patient‐reported school barriers and their associated impact in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsA cross‐sectional observational study of children aged 8 to 17, diagnosed with JIA, and followed in the rheumatology clinic/Alberta Children's Hospital was performed. Demographics, diagnosis, and disease course were obtained from health records. A questionnaire was administered to the child to assess the barriers experienced by JIA patients at school. The questionnaire collected information about school attendance/performance, impact of JIA symptoms (eg, pain and fatigue), physical challenges and accommodations, communication, participation and peers, and school support. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.ResultsA total of 98 children with JIA were recruited into the study. The median age of participants was 13 years (interquartile range 11‐15). The JIA subtypes in this cohort reflected the normal JIA distribution. Physical challenges at school (eg, gym, writing, and sitting for long periods of time) were reported by 42.1% of patients. Accommodations (eg, modified gym, accommodation letter, and computer access) were used by 23% of patients. The inability to participate in activities in class or outside with their peers occurred for 32.2% of patients and in gym for 40.7% of patients. Social concerns included embarrassment from talking about their illness, worry regarding being treated differently, and being told they were fabricating their illness.ConclusionChildren with JIA experienced barriers at school, especially physical challenges, with a need for accommodations in a proportion of children. Decreased participation and increased social anxiety were additional key barriers.
Tissue Beads: Tissue‐Specific Extracellular Matrix Microbeads to Potentiate Reprogrammed Cell‐Based Therapy
Authors: Lee Jung Seung , Roh Yoon Ho , Choi Yi Sun , Jin Yoonhee , Jeon Eun Je , Bong Ki Wan , Cho Seung‐Woo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMicrobeads have been utilized as efficient cell culture carriers and injectable scaffolds for cell transplantation. However, various polymers currently used to generate microbeads have limited applicability due to loss of biological functions and tissue‐specific effects. Here, a tissue bead platform is reported that can provide a tissue‐specific microenvironment to facilitate cell culture and potentiate cell therapy. Using a flow‐focusing microfluidic device, uniform‐sized tissue microbeads are fabricated with extracellular matrix (ECM) from various decellularized tissues. The tissue microbeads are tested for tissue‐specific encapsulation of induced hepatic (iHep), induced cardiac (iCar), and induced myogenic (iMyo) cells, which are directly reprogrammed from mouse primary fibroblasts. Tissue‐specific microbeads significantly enhanced the viability, lineage‐specific maturation, and functionality of each type of reprogrammed cell, as compared to functionality when using conventional microbeads from a single ECM component (collagen). Finally, tissue microbeads are confirmed to mediate the successful in vivo engraftment of reprogrammed cells (iHep and iMyo) after transplantation, potentiating cell therapy and promoting functional tissue regeneration in tissue defective animal models. The study suggests that the use of a decellularized tissue matrix combined with a microfluidic technique can be employed to produce tissue‐specific ECM microbeads with increased versatility and efficacy for reprogrammed cell‐based therapy.
A Hypoxia‐Responsive Albumin‐Based Nanosystem for Deep Tumor Penetration and Excellent Therapeutic Efficacy
Authors: Yang Guangbao , Phua Soo Zeng Fiona , Lim Wei Qi , Zhang Rui , Feng Liangzhu , Liu Guofeng , Wu Hongwei , Bindra Anivind Kaur , Jana Deblin , Liu Zhuang , Zhao Yanli 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUncontrolled cancer cell proliferation, insufficient blood flow, and inadequate endogenous oxygen lead to hypoxia in tumor tissues. Herein, a unique type of hypoxia‐responsive human serum albumin (HSA)‐based nanosystem (HCHOA) is reported, prepared by cross‐linking the hypoxia‐sensitive azobenzene group between photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6)‐conjugated HSA (HC) and oxaliplatin prodrug‐conjugated HSA (HO). The HCHOA nanosystem is stable under normal oxygen partial pressure with a size of 100–150 nm. When exposed to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, the nanosystem can quickly dissociate into ultrasmall HC and HO therapeutic nanoparticles with a diameter smaller than 10 nm, significantly enabling their enhanced intratumoral penetration. After the dissociation, the quenched fluorescence of Ce6 in the produced HC nanoparticles can be recovered for bioimaging. At the same time, the production of singlet oxygen is increased because of the enhancement in the photoactivity of the photosensitizer. On account of these improvements, combined photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy is realized to display superior antitumor efficacy in vivo. Based on this simple strategy, it is possible to achieve the dissociation of hypoxic‐responsive nanosystem to enhance the tumor penetration and therapeutic effect.
A Macrophage–Magnesium Hybrid Biomotor: Fabrication and Characterization
Authors: Zhang Fangyu , Mundaca‐Uribe Rodolfo , Gong Hua , Esteban‐Fernández de Ávila Berta , Beltrán‐Gastélum Mara , Karshalev Emil , Nourhani Amir , Tong Yao , Nguyen Bryan , Gallot Mathieu , Zhang Yue , Zhang Liangfang , Wang Joseph 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMagnesium (Mg)‐based micromotors are combined with live macrophage (MΦ) cells to create a unique MΦ–Mg biohybrid motor system. The resulting biomotors possess rapid propulsion ability stemming from the Mg micromotors and the biological functions provided by the live MΦ cell. To prepare the biohybrid motors, Mg microparticles coated with titanium dioxide and poly(l‐lysine) (PLL) layers are incubated with live MΦs at low temperature. The formation of such biohybrid motors depends on the relative size of the MΦs and Mg particles, with the MΦ swallowing up Mg particles smaller than 5 µm. The experimental results and numerical simulations demonstrate that the motion of MΦ–Mg motors is determined by the size of the Mg micromotor core and the position of the MΦ during the attachment process. The MΦ–Mg motors also perform biological functions related to free MΦs such as endotoxin neutralization. Cell membrane staining and toxin neutralization studies confirm that the MΦs maintain their viability and functionality (e.g., endotoxin neutralization) after binding to the Mg micromotors. This new MΦ–Mg motor design can be expanded to different types of living cells to fulfill diverse biological tasks.
Direct Alkenylation of 2‐Methylquinolines with Aldehydes through Synergistic Catalysis of 1,3‐Dimethylbarbituric Acid and HOAc
Authors: Liang En , Wang Junqi , Wu Yinrong , Huang Liangbin , Yao Xingang , Tang Xiaodong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn efficient and practical direct alkenylation of 2‐methylquinolines with aldehydes has been achieved through a novel synergistic organocatalysis. The HOAc‐ activated 2‐methylquiolines undergo a Michael addition to 1,3‐dimethylbarbituric acid‐activated aldehydes, followed by a retro‐Michael addition to release 1,3‐dimethylbarbituric acid and the target products. The transformation produced various 2‐alkenylquinolines with good to excellent yields and featured mild reaction conditions, atom‐ and step‐economy, good functional group tolerance, and operational simplicity.magnified image