bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sublethal effects from endosulfan on parasitization by the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi and specificity of nervous pathways involved
Authors: Delpuech Jean‐Marie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundEndosulfan is a semi‐permanent pollutant that can be transported long distances through the atmosphere. Although phased out in many countries, it is still used in some highly populated areas and thus greatly contributes to environmental pollution. It can impact non‐target species such as Leptopilina boulardi, a hymenopteran parasitoid that is beneficial because it controls the populations of its host. Only one L. boulardi egg can successfully develop in its host, a Drosophila larva. Consequently, parasitoid females generally lay only one egg per host, except when they are infected by a virus (LbFV) that triggers superparasitization behavior (laying more than one egg per host). The effects of an LC20 of endosulfan on the parasitization behavior of two L. boulardi strains, one infected by LbFV and the other not, were evaluated.ResultsEndosulfan decreased the number of host larvae parasitized by both strains (decreased rate of parasitization) but had no impact on the number of eggs laid per host (i.e., the rate of superparasitization) irrespective of whether the strain was infected by LbFV or not.ConclusionsRecent research has shown that the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos induced superparasitization in parasitoid females. Both endosulfan and chlorpyrifos are neurotoxic and induce nervous system hyperstimulation. The fact that endosulfan does not trigger superparasitization, whereas chlorpyrifos does suggests that this effect is due to the specific pathway impacted by chlorpyrifos, the cholinergic nervous pathway. The consequences of these results in the context of awareness of environmental pollution by pesticides are discussed. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
RNA interference of muscle actin and ATP synthase beta increases mortality of the phytoplasma vector Euscelidius variegatus
Authors: Abbà Simona , Galetto Luciana , Ripamonti Matteo , Rossi Marika , Marzachì Cristina 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDRNA interference (RNAi) techniques have emerged as powerful tools to develop novel management strategies for the control of insect pests. The leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus is a natural vector of chrysanthemum yellows phytoplasma and a laboratory vector of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma. Phytoplasmas are insect‐borne bacterial plant pathogens that cause economically relevant crop losses worldwide.RESULTSIn this study, we demonstrated that microinjection of muscle actin and ATP synthase β double‐stranded (ds)RNAs into adult insects caused an exponential reduction in the expression of both genes, which began within 72 h of dsRNA administration and lasted for 14 days, leading to almost complete silencing of the target genes. Such silencing effects on muscle actin expression appeared to be both time‐ and dose‐dependent. Our results also showed that the knockdown of both genes caused a significant decrease in survival rates in comparison with green fluorescent protein (GFP) dsRNA‐injected control insects.CONCLUSIONThe effectiveness of RNAi‐based gene silencing in E. variegatus guarantees the availability of a powerful reverse genetic tool for the functional annotation of its genes and the identification of those potentially involved in the interaction with phytoplasmas. In addition, this study demonstrated that muscle actin and ATP synthase β may represent candidate genes for RNAi‐based control of E. variegatus. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
General Nondestructive Passivation by 4‐Fluoroaniline for Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Performance and Stability
Authors: Zhao Shenghe , Xie Jiangsheng , Cheng Guanghui , Xiang Yuren , Zhu Houyu , Guo Wenyue , Wang Han , Qin Minchao , Lu Xinhui , Qu Junle , Wang Jiannong , Xu Jianbin , Yan Keyou 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHybrid perovskite thin films are prone to producing surface vacancies during the film formation, which degrade the stability and photovoltaic performance. Passivation via post‐treatment can heal these defects, but present methods are slightly destructive to the bulk of 3D perovskite due to the solvent effect, which hinders fabrication reproducibility. Herein, nondestructive surface/interface passivation using 4‐fluoroaniline (FAL) is established. FAL is not only an effective antisolvent candidate for surface modification, but also a large dipole molecule (2.84 Debye) with directional field for charge separation. Density functional theory calculation reveals that the nondestructive properties are attributed to both the conjugated amine in aromatic ring and the para‐fluoro‐substituent. A hot vapor assisted colloidal process is employed for the post‐treatment. The molecular passivation yields an ultrathin protection layer with a hydrophobic fluoro‐substituent tail and thus enhances the stability and optoelectronic properties. FAL post‐treated perovskite solar cell (PSC) delivers a 20.48% power conversion efficiency under ambient conditions. Micro‐photoluminescence reveals that passivation activates the dark defective state at the surface and interface, delivering the impact picture of boundary on the local carriers. This work demonstrates a generic nondestructive chemical approach for improving the performance and stability of PSCs.
Hybrid Architectures of Heterogeneous Carbon Nanotube Composite Microstructures Enable Multiaxial Strain Perception with High Sensitivity and Ultrabroad Sensing Range
Authors: Sun Kahyun , Ko Hangil , Park Hyun‐Ha , Seong Minho , Lee Sang‐Hyeon , Yi Hoon , Park Hyung Wook , Kim Tae‐il , Pang Changhyun , Jeong Hoon Eui 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLow‐dimensional nanomaterials are widely adopted as active sensing elements for electronic skins. When the nanomaterials are integrated with microscale architectures, the performance of the electronic skin is significantly altered. Here, it is shown that a high‐performance flexible and stretchable electronic skin can be produced by incorporating a piezoresistive carbon nanotube composite into a hierarchical topography of micropillar–wrinkle hybrid architectures that mimic wrinkles and folds in human skin. Owing to the unique hierarchical topography of the hybrid architectures, the hybrid electronic skin exhibits versatile and superior sensing performance, which includes multiaxial force detection (normal, bending, and tensile stresses), remarkable sensitivity (20.9 kPa−1, 17.7 mm−1, and gauge factor of 707 each for normal, bending, and tensile stresses), ultrabroad sensing range (normal stress = 0–270 kPa, bending radius of curvature = 1–6.5 mm, and tensile strain = 0–50%), sensing tunability, fast response time (24 ms), and high durability (>10 000 cycles). Measurements of spatial distributions of diverse mechanical stimuli are also demonstrated with the multipixel electronic skin. The stress–strain behavior of the hybrid structure is investigated by finite element analysis to elucidate the underlying principle of the superior sensing performance of the electronic skin.
Carbon Nanodots as Feedstock for a Uniform Hematite‐Graphene Nanocomposite
Authors: Strauss Volker , Anderson Mackenzie , Wang Chenxiang , Borenstein Arie , Kaner Richard B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHigh degrees of dispersion are a prerequisite for functional composite materials for applications in electronics such as sensors, charge and data storage, and catalysis. The use of small precursor materials can be a decisive factor in achieving a high degree of dispersion. In this study, carbon nanodots are used to fabricate a homogeneous, finely dispersed Fe2O3‐graphene composite aerogel in a one‐step conversion process from a precursor mixture. The laser‐assisted conversion of small size carbon nanodots enables a uniform distribution of 6.5 nm Fe2O3 nanoparticles during the formation of a highly conductive carbon matrix. Structural and electrochemical characterization shows that the features of both material entities are maintained and successfully integrated. The presence of Fe2O3 nanoparticles has a positive effect on the active surface area of the carbon aerogel and thus on the capacitance of the material. This is demonstrated by testing the performance of the composite in supercapacitors. Faradaic reactions are exploited in an aqueous electrolyte through the high accessible surface of the incorporated small Fe2O3 nanoparticles boosting the specific capacitance of the 3D turbostratic graphene network significantly.
Photocatalysis and Photoelectrocatalysis Methods of Nitrogen Reduction for Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Ithisuphalap Kemakorn , Zhang Hanguang , Guo Lin , Yang Qingui , Yang Haipeng , Wu Gang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAmmonia (NH3) is one of the essential chemicals as a fertilizer and as a starting reagent for various chemicals with a production expectation of 200 million tonnes for 2018. With the development of renewable energy technologies such as hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen also has emerged as an innovative clean energy source. Ammonia is a suitable hydrogen fuel carrier since a molecule of ammonia can carry up to three atoms of hydrogen. Recently, photochemical synthesis via nitrogen reduction has gained considerable attention as a sustainable method for the production of ammonia. The performance of the photoreduction of nitrogen lies in the developments of the photocatalysts and photoelectrocatalysts. Therefore, it is essential to understand the fundamentals of nitrogen reduction processes along with apprehending the challenges that limit the progress of catalysts. In this review, the basic understanding of photoreduction of nitrogen is highlighted, emphasizing on the challenges and effective methods to control defects, structures, and morphologies of materials for the catalyst development. The methods for ammonia detection and uncertainties in calculating the efficiency of the photochemical process are also addressed.
Container‐based cluster orchestration systems: A taxonomy and future directions
Authors: Rodriguez Maria A. , Buyya Rajkumar 
Published: November 2018

SummaryContainers, enabling lightweight environment and performance isolation, fast and flexible deployment, and fine‐grained resource sharing, have gained popularity in better application management and deployment in addition to hardware virtualization. They are being widely used by organizations to deploy their increasingly diverse workloads derived from modern‐day applications such as web services, big data, and internet of things in either proprietary clusters or private and public cloud data centers. This has led to the emergence of container orchestration platforms, which are designed to manage the deployment of containerized applications in large‐scale clusters. These systems are capable of running hundreds of thousands of jobs across thousands of machines. To do so efficiently, they must address several important challenges including scalability, fault tolerance and availability, efficient resource utilization, and request throughput maximization among others. This paper studies these management systems and proposes a taxonomy that identifies different mechanisms that can be used to meet the aforementioned challenges. The proposed classification is then applied to various state‐of‐the‐art systems leading to the identification of open research challenges and gaps in the literature intended as future directions for researchers.
Caspary's fungi from Baltic amber: historic specimens and new evidence
Authors: Kettunen Elina , Sadowski Eva‐Maria , Seyfullah Leyla J. , Dörfelt Heinrich , Rikkinen Jouko , Schmidt Alexander R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAmber is a valuable source of Mesozoic and Cenozoic fossil fungi. The earliest amber‐preserved fungi were described in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries from Eocene Baltic amber. In 1907, Richard Klebs summarized the legacy of Robert Caspary based on his specimens, research notes and publications. This treatise contains descriptions and illustrations of 13 morphologies of fossil fungi which have not been investigated since. We managed to locate six of Caspary's amber specimens and imaged and re‐investigated the fossil fungi within. We provide amended descriptions of these six specimens, select new specimens from historic and recent collections which are probably conspecific with five fossils that appear to have been lost, and finally also describe and evaluate five newly found fossil fungi from Baltic amber. The fungi belong to the phylum Ascomycota (Subkingdom Dikarya). Only two of Caspary's fungi can be confidently assigned to modern genera,Metacapnodium(Metacapnodiaceae) andCalicium(Caliciaceae). The new combinationCalicium succini(Caspary) Rikkinen & A. R. Schmidt is made. The fossils originally placed inAcremonium,Cetraria,Gonatobotrys,Ramularia,StilbumandTorulacannot be assigned to these genera, and should not be used as minimum age constrains for the respective lineages.
Tragfähigkeit von Kehlnahtverbindungen normal‐ und höherfester Stähle
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Spiegler Jennifer 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDie Anforderung immer schlankerer und filigraner Konstruktionen mit hohen Beanspruchungen führen konsequenterweise zum Einsatz von höherfesten Stählen. Maßgebend für den Einsatz höherfester Stähle sind neben Fragen der Stabilität und für Brücken u. ä. Ermüdung in erster Linie die Anschluss‐ und Verbindungsmöglichkeiten. Im Zuge vorheriger Forschungsvorhaben konnte bereits ein an höherfeste Stähle angepasstes Bemessungsmodell nach Rasche für Kehlnähte gleicher Grundwerkstoffe entwickelt werden. Offen war dabei das Vorgehen für Mischverbindungen, wenn also höherfeste Stähle wie S690 an normalfeste Stähle (z. B. S355) angeschlossen werden. Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens war daher, die Anwendbarkeit des bereits angepassten Bemessungsmodells für Kehlnähte aus normal‐ und höherfesten Baustählen zu überprüfen und ggf. zu erweitern. Dies soll zur Verbesserung der normativen Tragfähigkeit von Kehlnahtverbindungen bei Mischverbindungen in den Stahlbaunormen herangezogen werden und als Normenvorschlag in die Weiterentwicklung der europäischen Norm eingehen.
Aufgeschweißte Flach‐ und Vierkantschienen von Kranbahnträgern
Authors: Euler Mathias , Kuhlmann Ulrike 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDie Radlasten von Brückenlaufkranen werden über Kranschienen in die unterstützenden Kranbahnträger eingeleitet. Für viele Anwendungen ist es ausreichend, Flach‐ oder Vierkantstäbe als Kranschienen zu verwenden und auf den Kranbahnträgern mit in Trägerlängsrichtung durchgehenden Doppelkehlnähten zu befestigen. Mit der Einführung der europäischen Stahlbaunormen (Eurocode 3) im Jahr 2010 hat sich die ansetzbare Ermüdungsfestigkeit der Konstruktionsdetails mit Radlasteinleitung, zu denen die Schienenschweißnähte zählen, erheblich reduziert. Es wird ein Bemessungsvorschlag vorgestellt, der sich erstmals auf realitätsnahe Ermüdungsversuche an Schienenschweißnähten abstützen kann und eine wirtschaftlichere Dimensionierung hinsichtlich Ermüdung gestattet.
Neue Lösungen zur energetischen Ertüchtigung von Gebäudehüllen in Stahlleichtbauweise
Authors: Kuhnhenne Markus , Brieden Matthias , Ungermann Dieter , Wiegand Alexander 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDer vorliegende Beitrag thematisiert ausgewählte Ergebnisse, die innerhalb des FOSTA‐Forschungsprojekts „Bauen im Bestand – Lösungen für Dach und Fassade in Stahlleichtbauweise” erarbeiten worden sind. Das Projekt hat Möglichkeiten untersucht, bestehende Dach‐ und Fassadensysteme in Stahlleicht‐ und massiver Bauweise mit Bausystemen des Stahlleichtbaus energetisch zu ertüchtigen. Als Ertüchtigungsmaßnahmen wurden dabei Stahl‐Sandwichelemente und modulare Stahlleichtbaukonstruktionen, die beispielsweise aus Stahltragprofilen, Wärmedämmung und Stahlfeinblechprofilen bestehen, berücksichtigt. Neben hygrothermisch‐bauphysikalischen Untersuchungen wurden auch statisch‐mechanische Bewertungen der energetisch optimierten Bausysteme durchgeführt.Innerhalb des Beitrags werden Erkenntnisse erläutert und diskutiert, die als Ergänzung zu den bereits in [1] veröffentlichten zu verstehen sind und die die Bandbreite des Forschungsprojekts repräsentieren. Neben numerischen und experimentellen Untersuchungsergebnissen aus dem Bereich Bauphysik werden auch Fragestellungen vorgestellt und Lösungen aufgezeigt, die das Tragverhalten und die baukonstruktive Ausbildung sowohl der Ertüchtigungs‐ als auch der ertüchtigten Bauteile betreffen. Abschließend werden die auf Ebene der Einzelbauteile erzielten Ergebnisse im Kontext des Gesamtgebäudes beleuchtet und auf diesem Niveau hinsichtlich ihrer Effektivität bewertet.
Application of damage theory to structures made from high‐strength steels
Authors: Feldmann Markus , Schaffrath Simon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn Memoriam of Prof. Dr. Bernt JohanssonIt is a general question as to whether the established rules for predicting ultimate resistance under global tension can also be applied to structures made from HSS, i.e. up to fy = 960 MPa. Apart from the welding issue, for the base material, this question refers to several items, e.g. the plastic flow curve, the yield stress level, the yield ratio, the upper‐shelf ductility and strainability and the lower‐shelf toughness. It reveals that predicting the ductile fracture of steel components can only be an approximation, and neither allows for a deeper understanding of the real ductile crack development up to ultimate load nor leads to a realistic extrapolation if high‐strength steels are used. The research work presented in this paper therefore suggests an innovative extension of the FEM analysis by implementing appropriate GTN ductile damage approaches. After a short introduction to the principles of this methodology, possibilities for its use in structural steel research and design as well as further insights into the structural behaviour of steel components, especially HSS up to S960, are presented – insights that are not possible by traditional testing or simulation.
Innovative high‐strength steel construction using mixed connections
Authors: Spiegler Jennifer , Kuhlmann Ulrike 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn Memoriam of Prof. Dr. Bernt JohanssonIn addition to the common mild steels, nowadays, high‐performance steels with good weldability and high ductility are available for the construction industry. By using steels with higher resistance and better weight of material ratios, savings can be achieved, especially in the case of heavy structures such as bridges, long‐span roofs and high‐rise buildings. However, for the particular situation of joining high‐strength steel (HSS) by fillet welds, in many cases the rules in the design codes such as EN 1993‐1‐8 [1] are inadequate because recent rules and safety margins have traditionally been developed for standard steels and then transferred to high‐strength steels.
Design of high‐strength steel reinforced concrete columns – a Eurocode 4 approach
Authors: Chiew Sing‐Ping , Cai Yan‐Qing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn Memoriam of Prof. Dr. Bernt JohanssonThe current design codes for steel reinforced concrete (SRC) columns are, in general, only applicable to normal‐strength materials. In Eurocode 4, concrete grades C20/25 to C50/60 and steel grades S235 to S460 are allowed to be used in composite columns, whereas it is possible to use higher‐strength concrete (up to C90/105) in Eurocode 2 and S690 steel in Eurocode 3. In this paper, an analytical method is proposed to predict the ultimate strength of SRC columns, taking into account the effect of strain compatibility and lateral confinement. A finite element model is developed to analyse the behaviour of SRC columns under axial loading using ABAQUS. The parametric studies are conducted by varying the diameter, spacing and volumetric ratio of the lateral reinforcement and the column length. It was found that the full plastic method given in EC4 overestimated the strength of SRC columns with high‐strength steel. Nevertheless, the proposed method can predict the strength of SRC columns with concrete strengths up to 90 N/mm2 and steel strengths up to 690 N/mm2.
Model selection for wild turkey hunter success rates using small‐area estimation methods
Authors: Sheriff Steven L. , Sun Dongchu , He Zhuoqiong , Vangilder Larry D. , Isabelle Jason L. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTWildlife management agencies conduct hunter surveys to obtain information useful for making management decisions. Often these surveys are designed to collect data, such as hunter success rates, with reliable precision at statewide or regional scales. However, at finer spatial resolutions, such as at the county level, sample sizes are often small, making estimates either impossible to calculate or unreliable using traditional statistical procedures. We used Bayesian hierarchical modeling methods to overcome this small‐area estimation problem for the 1996 Missouri, USA, spring wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) hunter survey. We explored 8 potential models based on 3 general hypothesized models. These families of general models included a binomial‐beta‐gamma model, 5 variations of spatial dependency models with and without covariates, and 2 variations of models with covariates but without accounting for spatial dependency. We used Bayes factors to select among models. We selected a conditional autoregressive binomial logistic linear mixed model as the most appropriate and used the posterior predictive distributions from this model to assess its fit. This small‐area estimation model provided precise hunter success‐rate estimates at the county level even though this hunter survey was designed to provide reliable estimates at the regional‐scale. This approach provides estimates at smaller scales than are possible using traditional statistical analyses, allowing managers to identify when small‐scale management decisions are warranted. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Quality of life assessment in patients with HNF1A-MODY and GCK-MODY
Authors: Szopa Magdalena , Matejko Bartlomiej , Ucieklak Damian , Uchman Agata , Hohendorff Jerzy , Mrozińska Sandra , Głodzik Wojciech , Zapała Barbara , Płatek Teresa , Solecka Iwona , Sani Cyrus M , Małecki Maciej T. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Aim
The impact of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) on quality of life (QoL) has never been examined. We assessed disease impact on QoL among patients with HNF1A-MODY and GCK mutation carrier status.

Methods
The study included 80 patients with HNF1A-MODY and 89 GCK gene mutation carriers. We also examined 128 type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients for comparison. Diabetes-specific QoL was assessed using the Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life questionnaire.

Results
HNF1A-MODY and GCK-MODY groups had similar mean age (41.7 vs. 38.0 years, respectively) and BMI (24.1 vs. 24.3 kg/m2), whereas T1DM patients were on average younger (34.2 years) with similar BMI (25.0 kg/m2). Less than a third of GCK mutation carriers were on pharmacotherapy (n = 20, 31%), while the majority of HNF1A mutation carriers used oral drugs or insulin (n = 66, 82.5%). While current QoL was similar across the three groups (p = 0.66), two other major indices—the impact of diabetes on QoL and the average weighted impact (AWI)—differed among them (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). The impact of diabetes on patient QoL and AWI observed in both MODY groups was smaller than in T1DM. Etiological diagnosis of diabetes and a diagnosis of retinopathy were the only independent factors influencing the impact of diabetes on QoL and AWI in regression analysis. In HNF1A-MODY, all three major indices of QoL were more heavily influenced for patients on insulin in comparison to other treatment sub-groups.

Conclusion
MODY has a smaller negative impact on QoL compared to T1DM. Mode of treatment further stratifies QoL decline for HNF1A-MODY subjects.