bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Functional Bionanocomposites Using Cyanobacterial Polysaccharides
Authors: Okajima Maiko K. , Sornkamnerd Saranyoo , Kaneko Tatsuo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCyanobacteria are regarded as very eco‐friendly microreactors for the production of various biomolecules such as polysaccharides by fixing not only carbon but also nitrogen in water. Cyanobacterial polysaccharides having various functional groups such as hydroxyls, carboxyls, sulfates, etc. have the ability to interact with metals or inorganics, to create bionanocomposites. Sacran, a supergiant cyanobacterial anionic polysaccharide extracted from the extracellular matrix of Aphanothece sacrum which is mass‐cultivated in freshwater, is mainly used to create functional bionanocomposites. Gel‐type bionanocomposites of sacran with various metal cations are formed and showed photoresponsive functions. Metal recovery is performed from the sacran bionanocomposite gels. Sacran chains are complexed with multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to give viscose dispersion from which MWCNT bionanocomposites can be collected by electrophoresis. The MWCNT/sacran dispersion retains the capability of adsorbing various metal ions to form hardened hydrogel beads. Finally, natural inorganic sepiolite can be used for sacran bionanocomposites which show an efficient neodymium ion adsorption ability. Thus, cyanobacterial polysaccharides are useful for preparing eco‐friendly and functional bionanocomposites with various hard materials.
Modeling space‐time correlations of velocity fluctuations in wind farms
Authors: Lukassen Laura J. , Stevens Richard J. A. M. , Meneveau Charles , Wilczek Michael 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAn analytical model for the streamwise velocity space‐time correlations in turbulent flows is derived and applied to the special case of velocity fluctuations in large wind farms. The model is based on the Kraichnan‐Tennekes random sweeping hypothesis, capturing the decorrelation in time while including a mean wind velocity in the streamwise direction. In the resulting model, the streamwise velocity space‐time correlation is expressed as a convolution of the pure space correlation with an analytical temporal decorrelation kernel. Hence, the spatiotemporal structure of velocity fluctuations in wind farms can be derived from the spatial correlations only. We then explore the applicability of the model to predict spatiotemporal correlations in turbulent flows in wind farms. Comparisons of the model with data from a large eddy simulation of flow in a large, spatially periodic wind farm are performed, where needed model parameters such as spatial and temporal integral scales and spatial correlations are determined from the large eddy simulation. Good agreement is obtained between the model and large eddy simulation data showing that spatial data may be used to model the full spatiotemporal structure of fluctuations in wind farms.
Design considerations for estimating survival rates with standing age structures
Authors: Taylor Rebecca L. , Udevitz Mark S. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTSurvival rate estimates are critical to understanding the dynamics and status of a population, and they are often inferred from samples of the population's age structure. A recently developed method uses time series of standing age‐structure data with information about population growth rate or fecundity to provide explicit maximum likelihood estimators of age‐specific survival rates, without assuming population stability or stationarity. We explored properties of these estimators and determined sample size requirements for the estimators to achieve desired levels of precision, limit bias, and limit the probability a rate will be inestimable or its estimate inadmissible (>1). We show that estimating combined rates for adjacent age classes is an effective method of overcoming sensitivity to sampling noise in situations where collecting a larger sample of data is not feasible. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
On the optimal regularity of plate equations with randomized time‐dependent coefficients
Authors: Lu Xiaojun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFor plate equations with randomized coefficients, the joint influence from the principal operator, stochastic processes and oscillating coefficients, is of prime concern in the discussion of regularity of the solutions. We will apply the sophisticated techniques from stochastic partial differential equations and microlocal analysis to explore the upper bound of loss of regularity. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the optimality of the estimates, appropriate counter‐examples with periodic coefficients will be constructed to show the lower bound of loss of regularity by the application of harmonic analysis and instability arguments.
Altmetric Versus Bibliometric Perspective Regarding Publication Impact and Force
Authors: Powell Arfon G. M. T. , Bevan Victoria , Brown Chris , Lewis Wyn G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundBibliometric and Altmetric analyses highlight key publications, which have been considered to be the most influential in their field. The hypothesis was that highly cited articles would correlate positively with levels of evidence and Altmetric scores (AS) and rank.MethodsSurgery as a search term was entered into Thomson Reuter’s Web of Science database to identify all English‐language full articles. The 100 most cited articles were analysed by topic, journal, author, year, institution, and AS.ResultsBy bibliometric criteria, eligible articles numbered 286,122 and the median (range) citation number was 574 (446–5746). The most cited article (Dindo et al.) classified surgical complications by severity score (5746 citations). Annals of Surgery published most articles and received most citations (26,457). The country and year with most publications were the USA (n = 50) and 1999 (n = 11). By Altmetric criteria, the article with the highest AS was by Bigelow et al. (AS = 53, hypothermia’s role in cardiac surgery); Annals of Surgery published most articles, and the country and year with most publications were USA (n = 4) and 2007 (n = 3). Level‐1‐evidence articles numbered 13, but no correlation was found between evidence level and citation number (SCC 0.094, p = 0.352) or AS (SCC = 0.149, p = 0.244). Median AS was 0 (0–53), and in articles published after the year 2000, AS was associated with citation number (r = 0.461, p = 0.001) and citation rate index (r = 0.455, p = 0.002). AS was not associated with journal impact factor (r = 0.160, p = 0.118).ConclusionBibliometric and Altmetric analyses provide important but different perspectives regarding article impact, which are unrelated to evidence level.
Promises and pitfalls of untargeted metabolomics
Authors: Gertsman Ilya , Barshop Bruce A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMetabolomics is one of the newer omics fields, and has enabled researchers to complement genomic and protein level analysis of disease with both semi‐quantitative and quantitative metabolite levels, which are the chemical mediators that constitute a given phenotype. Over more than a decade, methodologies have advanced for both targeted (quantification of specific analytes) as well as untargeted metabolomics (biomarker discovery and global metabolite profiling). Untargeted metabolomics is especially useful when there is no a priori metabolic hypothesis. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) has been the preferred choice for untargeted metabolomics, given the versatility in metabolite coverage and sensitivity of these instruments. Resolving and profiling many hundreds to thousands of metabolites with varying chemical properties in a biological sample presents unique challenges, or pitfalls. In this review, we address the various obstacles and corrective measures available in four major aspects associated with an untargeted metabolomics experiment: (1) experimental design, (2) pre‐analytical (sample collection and preparation), (3) analytical (chromatography and detection), and (4) post‐analytical (data processing).
Exploring the natural variation for reproductive thermotolerance in wild tomato species
Authors: Driedonks Nicky , Wolters-Arts Mieke , Huber Heidrun , de Boer Gert-Jan , Vriezen Wim , Mariani Celestina , Rieu Ivo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractClimate change has become a serious threat for crop productivity worldwide. The increased frequency of heat waves strongly affects reproductive success and thus yield for many crop species, implying that breeding for thermotolerant cultivars is critical for food security. Insight into the genetic architecture of reproductive heat tolerance contributes to our fundamental understanding of the stress sensitivity of this process and at the same time may have applied value. In the case of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), germplasm screenings for thermotolerance have often used yield as the main measured trait. However, due to the complex nature of yield and the relatively narrow genetic variation present in the cultivated germplasm screened, there has been limited progress in understanding the genetic basis of reproductive heat tolerance. Extending the screening to wild accessions of related species that cover a range of climatic conditions might be an effective approach to find novel, more tolerant genetic resources. The purpose of this study was to provide insight into the sensitivity of individual reproductive key traits (i.e. the number of pollen per flower, pollen viability and style protrusion) to heat-wave like long-term mild heat (LTMH), and determine the extent to which genetic variation exists for these traits among wild tomato species. We found that these traits were highly variable among the screened accessions. Although no overall thermotolerant species were identified, severalS. pimpinellifoliumindividuals outperformed the best performing cultivar in terms of pollen viability under LTMH. Furthermore, we reveal that there has been local adaptation of reproductive heat tolerance, as accessions from lower elevations and higher annual temperature are more likely to show high pollen viability under LTMH.
A Bundled Approach to Decrease the Rate of Primary Bloodstream Infections Related to Peripheral Intravenous Catheters
Authors: Duncan Mary , Warden Patricia , Bernatchez Stéphanie F. , Morse Dan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background: Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVs) have been considered as having lower risk of infection than central lines. However, research is limited regarding numbers of primary bloodstream infections related to peripheral lines and prevention of peripheral line-associated bloodstream infections (PLABSI).
Methods: Our aim was to create and monitor compliance with a new PIV maintenance bundle using disinfecting caps and tips and to assess whether this bundle would lead to a decrease in PLABSI rates. Weekly audits were conducted to measure compliance with both the new PIV bundle and our existing central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) bundle. We also audited the disconnection method used for intravenous line tubing (peripheral and central lines) before and during the study intervention period.
Results: A compliance rate of close to 90% with the use of the disinfecting caps and tips was attained. Using a PLABSI bundle successfully decreased primary bloodstream infections due to PIVs (from 0.57 infections per 1000 patient-days preintervention to 0.11 infections per 1000 patient-days; p &lt; 0.001). We confirmed that improving care for PIVs would decrease primary bloodstream infections associated with these devices.
Conclusions: Using a PIV maintenance bundle including disinfecting caps and tips can effectively lower the rate of primary bloodstream infections attributable to PIV lines.
Sustained Reduction and Prevention of Neonatal and Pediatric Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection Following a Nurse-Driven Quality Improvement Initiative in a Pediatric Facility
Authors: Savage Tracie , Hodge Darci E. , Pickard Kary , Myers Pam , Powell Kristen , Cayce Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Hospitals devote significant resources developing protocols to minimize the incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), a source of increased patient morbidity and health care costs; however, few of these protocols, especially centralized protocols, are reported in the literature. This study characterizes the development and effectiveness of a pediatric hospital's centralized CLABSI prevention bundle.
Design and Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective interrupted time series to quantify the effectiveness of the prevention bundle that was developed and implemented by nursing leadership in infection control, and both the neonatal and pediatric intensive care units between 2006 and 2014. The study period was subdivided into pre-, peri-, post-, and second peri-intervention periods based on the implementation status of the bundle. Segmented linear regression was used to model and compare the CLABSI rates for each intervention period overall as well as the 5 individual hospital units.
Results: The hospital's modeled CLABSI rate during the preintervention period was 3.80 out of 1000 line days and was significantly reduced to 0.45 (P &lt; 0.001). Clear decreases in unit CLABSI rates were observed and all units were below corresponding National Healthcare Safety Network CLABSI rates after the study.
Conclusions: The centralized CLABSI prevention bundle reduced and sustained low CLABSI rates overall and within each hospital unit demonstrating the success of the bundle.
Practice Implications: A centralized CLABSI prevention bundle can universalize central line care, simplify infection control, and improve quality of care to help sustain low CLABSI rates throughout the hospital.
Application of optimal control law to laser guided bomb
Authors: Mouada Takieddine , Pavic Milos V. , Pavkovic Bojan M. , Zivkovic Sasa Z. , Misljen Mirko S. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe paper presents a laser guided bomb guidance law based on the linear quadratic differential game theory, where a case of two perpendicular planes with two state variables in each plane has been considered. The Kalman filtering method has been used for noise removal from the measured signals and for estimation of the missing state variable values needed for the optimal guidance law. Optimisation has been conducted with respect to minimisation of the performance index. Comparative analysis of different guidance laws is done. A statistical analysis is performed to obtain the terminal miss distance in dependence on total flight time.
The Development and Evaluation of Online Smoking Cessation Services: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Keane Lewis , Anderson Caroline , Perez Donna , Freeman Becky 
Published: March 2018

Introduction:The use of quitlines for smoking cessation has contracted, with service providers adapting through the development of comprehensive interactive online smoking cessation services. The primary aim of this review is to investigate the continuum of online cessation services, innovations in design and service components, measures used in formative, process and outcome evaluations, as well as evidence of effectiveness.Methods:This review includes the peer-reviewed literature, scholarly articles and the grey literature material. Databases searched included: PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS and the Cochrane Collaboration.Results/findings:56 academic journal articles and the 5 grey literature reports met the inclusion criteria for this review. Developmental stages of online/combination services included: static websites, tailored feedback, email and text services, interactive components, social media, pharmacological offers; as well as social and professional support mechanisms. Innovations in online smoking cessation include: chat rooms, new recruitment strategies, mobile apps, service tailoring and messaging support groups. Online cessation services were significantly cheaper and more popular than quitlines; however, abstinence rates appear higher amongst quitline users.Conclusions:Three likely catalysts for the shift from quitlines to online services are the rapid development of technology, increased internet access and the general movement of the goods and services sector to digital channels. The challenge for online cessation service providers is to leverage their comparative cost advantage and develop strategies that keep pace, engage users and increase service effectiveness.Implications:Our paper synthesises a wide-range of the literature that evaluates the effectiveness and scope of online smoking cessation programs. Through applying this literature to the stages of evaluation framework, we also provide one of the first detailed roadmaps towards developing comprehensive evaluation methodology for online smoking cessation services.
Phylogenetic analysis of eyeworm (Oxyspirura petrowi) in northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) based on the nuclear 18S rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 gene (COX1)
Authors: Kalyanasundaram Aravindan , Blanchard Kendall R. , Henry Cassandra , Brym Matthew Z. , Kendall Ronald J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOxyspirura petrowiis a heteroxenous nematode found in northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) of the Rolling Plains ecoregion of Texas. Despite its impact on this popular gamebird, genetic level studies onO. petrowiremain relatively unexplored. To accomplish this, we chose the previously studied nuclear rDNA 18S region as well as the mitochondrial COX1 gene region ofO. petrowito investigate phylogenetic relations betweenO. petrowiand other nematode species. In this study, we generate primers using multiple alignment and universal nematode primers to obtain a near-complete 18S and partial COX1 sequence ofO. petrowi, respectively. Phylogenetic trees forO. petrowi’s 18S and COX1 gene regions were constructed using the Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony method. A comparative analysis was done based on the nuclear and mitochondrial region similarities betweenO. petrowiand other nematode species that infect both humans and animals. Results revealed a close relation to the zoonotic eyewormThelazia callipaedaas well as a close relation with filarial super family (Filarioidea) such as the human eyewormLoa loaandDirofilaria repenseyeworm of dog and carnivores.
The “Governor’s Residency” at Tel ‘Eton, The United Monarchy, and the Impact of the Old-House Effect on Large-Scale Archaeological Reconstructions
Authors: Faust Avraham , Sapir Yair 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe “governor’s residency” at Tel ‘Eton was destroyed in the late 8th century BCE in an Assyrian military campaign. While the numerous finds enable a detailed reconstruction of life on the eve of the destruction, this elite house was cleaned continuously, and since no floor raisings were identified, little was known of the building’s period of use. Radiocarbon (14C) samples taken from within a foundation deposit and from the floor make-up, however, indicate that the earliest phase of the residency was built in the late 11th–10th century BCE. This has bearings on the date in which social complexity evolved in Judah, on the debate regarding the historicity of the kingdom of David and Solomon, and it also provides the earliest date for the use of ashlar stones in Judah. Finally, the long life of the “governor’s residency” exemplifies a little addressed phenomenon—the old-house effect—in which buildings and settlements existed for a few centuries, but only left significant remains from their last phase. The earlier phases are hardly represented in the finds, barely studied, and rarely published. We suggest that the old-house effect influences archaeological interpretations world-wide, and is also responsible for recent attempts to down-date social complexity in Judah.
THE REPUBLICAN PARTY AND THE LONG, HOT SUMMER OF 1967 IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: McLAY MARK 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDuring the summer of 1967, the United States experienced a series of race riots across the nation's cities as largely black neighbourhoods rebelled against the conditions in which they were living. The crisis reached its apogee in July when the worst riots since the American Civil War struck Detroit. In this atmosphere, legislators were faced with a stark choice of punishing rioters with stricter crime measures or alleviating living conditions with substantial federal spending. Despite being a minority in Congress, elected Republicans found themselves holding the balance of power in choosing whether the federal government would enforce law and order or pursue social justice for ghetto residents. While those Republicans who pursued ‘order’ have been given prominence in historiographical narratives, such politicians only represent one side of the Republican response. Indeed, moderate and progressive Republicans rallied to save Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson's War on Poverty and a host of urban spending initiatives that had appeared politically doomed. These actions reveal that scholars have overestimated Republican conservatism during the 1960s. Nonetheless, the rioting left a long-term legacy that enabled ‘order’ eventually to triumph over ‘justice’ in the following five decades.
Who discovered the emperor penguin? A historical survey from James Cook to Robert F. Scott
Authors: Rosove Michael H. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is an iconic Antarctic species. George Robert Gray attributed the first description to Johann Reinhold Forster during James Cook's voyage of 1772–1775, attribution that persists to this day. Gray therefore honoured Forster in the emperor's scientific name—but he was almost certainly mistaken. Thaddeus von Bellingshausen in 1820 was probably the true first observer. Charles Wilkes in 1840 was next. James Clark Ross in 1841 made important observations and brought specimens home to the British Museum. Edward Wilson and others, in 1902–1903 and 1911 on the two expeditions of Robert F. Scott, discovered and investigated the first breeding colony, substantially advancing knowledge about this remarkable creature.
Long-term effects of stimulant treatment on ADHD symptoms, social–emotional functioning, and cognition
Authors: Schweren Lizanne , Hoekstra Pieter , van Lieshout Marloes , Oosterlaan Jaap , Lambregts-Rommelse Nanda , Buitelaar Jan , Franke Barbara , Hartman Catharina 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundMethodological and ethical constraints have hampered studies into long-term lasting outcomes of stimulant treatment in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Lasting effects may be beneficial (i.e. improved functioning even when treatment is temporarily ceased) or detrimental (i.e. worse functioning while off medication), but both hypotheses currently lack empirical support. Here we investigate whether stimulant treatment history predicts long-term development of ADHD symptoms, social–emotional functioning or cognition, measured after medication wash-out.MethodsADHD symptoms, social–emotional functioning and cognitive test performance were measured twice, 6 years apart, in two ADHD groups (stimulant-treated versus not stimulant-treated between baseline and follow-up). Groups were closely matched on baseline clinical and demographic variables (n = 148, 58% male, age = 11.1). A matched healthy control group was included for reference.ResultsAll but two outcome measures (emotional problems and prosocial behaviour) improved between baseline and follow-up. Improvement over time in the stimulant-treated group did not differ from improvement in the not stimulant-treated group on any outcome measure.ConclusionsStimulant treatment is not associated with the long-term developmental course of ADHD symptoms, social–emotional functioning, motor control, timing or verbal working memory. Adolescence is characterised by clinical improvement regardless of stimulant treatment during that time. These findings are an important source to inform the scientific and public debate.