bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential impacts of vaccination on wildlife disease spread during epizootic and enzootic phases
Authors: Newton Erica J. , Pond Bruce A. , Tinline Rowland R. , Middel Kevin , Bélanger Denise , Rees Erin E. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Dissemination of oral vaccine baits is a cost‐effective method to contain and control infectious wildlife diseases. The effectiveness of vaccine barriers in slowing or halting disease spread depends on host ecology and landscape variability. However, it is not clear the extent to which the success of vaccine barriers to manage disease may change from an epizootic to an enzootic phase of a disease invasion, nor is it apparent if this depends on the quality and configuration of host habitats.

We explore these questions using the raccoon variant rabies virus (RRV) as a model system. This zoonotic disease of high concern has been enzootic in eastern North America for decades, pushing into new areas and re‐emerging in previously controlled zones.

We use a spatially explicit individual‐based model to assess how levels of oral vaccination and habitat fragmentation affect RRV spread across vaccine barriers during epizootic and enzootic phases. We use space‐time characteristics of infection chains (individual‐to‐individual transmission of RRV) to compare simulated outcomes.

Results indicate that vaccine barriers have the strongest impact on the control of RRV during the epizootic phase. Counterproductively, mid‐levels of immunisation during an enzootic phase lead to more rabies‐induced mortalities than lower or higher vaccination levels. Infection chains spread faster during the epizootic phase. Landscape effects on chain characteristics were more subtle than effects of invasion phase and vaccination.

Synthesis and applications. A spatially explicit individual‐based modelling approach to examine mechanisms of raccoon variant rabies virus spread during epizootic and enzootic phases provides insights into efficacy of wildlife disease vaccination efforts. Our results demonstrate the importance of detecting and controlling outbreaks before they become enzootic. We discuss the implications for moving vaccine barriers to push back and decrease the size of enzootic areas.
Probiotic monocultures in fermented goat milk beverages – sensory quality of final product
Authors: Mituniewicz–Małek Anna , Zielińska Dorota , Ziarno Małgorzata 
Published: January 2019

The aim of our study was to conduct a selection of the monocultures capable of providing the most attractive sensory features of the final product. Four fermented goat's milk beverages were produced with probiotic monocultures containing Lactobacillus (Lb. acidophilus La‐5, Lb. rhamnosus K3 and Lb. plantarum O20) and Bifidobacterium (Bif. animalis subsp. lactisBB‐12). A sensory analysis and microbiological assessment of fermented goat's milk beverages were made at the beginning of the study and after 3, 7, 10 and 14 days of refrigerated storage (5 ± 1 °C). We found that samples including monocultures Lb. plantarum O20 and Bif. animalis subsp. lactisBB‐12 were differentiated from other goat's milk beverages.
Yield and Water Productivity of Winter Wheat under Various Irrigation Capacities
Authors: Araya A. , Prasad P.V.V. , Gowda P.H. , Kisekka I. , Foster A.J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator model validated in a prior study for winter wheat was used to simulate yield, aboveground crop biomass (BM), transpiration (T), and evapotranspiration under four irrigation capacities (ICs) (0, 1.7, 2.5, and 5 mm/day) with two nitrogen (N) application rates (N1, 94 kg N/ha; N2, 160 kg N/ha) to (1) understand the performance of winter wheat under different ICs and (2) develop crop water production function under various ICs and N rates. Evaluation was based on yield, aboveground crop BM, transpiration productivity (TP), crop water productivity (WP), and irrigation WP (IWP). Simulation results showed winter wheat yield increased with increase in N application rate and IC. However, the rate of yield increase gradually reduced with additional irrigation beyond 2.5 mm/day. A 5 mm/day IC required a total of 190 mm irrigation and produced a 5%–16% yield advantage over 2.5 mm/day. This indicates it is possible to reduce groundwater use for wheat by 50% incurring only 5%–16% yield loss relative to 5 mm/day. The TP and IWP for grain were slightly higher under IC of 1.7 mm/day (15.2–16.1 kg/ha/mm and 0.98–1.6 kg/m3) when compared to 5 mm/day (14.7–15.5 kg/ha/mm and 0.6–1.06 kg/m3), respectively. Since TP and IWPs are relatively higher under lower ICs, winter wheat could be a suitable crop under lower ICs in the region. Relationship between yield–T and yield–ET was linear with a slope of 15–16 and 9.5–10 kg/ha/mm, respectively. Editor's note: This paper is part of the featured series on Optimizing Ogallala Aquifer Water Use to Sustain Food Systems. See the February 2019 issue for the introduction and background to the series.
Relationships between vegetation and seed bank in sand pits: Effects of different restoration approaches and successional age
Authors: Horáčková Martina , Řehounková Klára , Prach Karel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractQuestionsOur study examined the relationships between the seed bank and above‐ground vegetation in spontaneously revegetated and forestry‐reclaimed sand pits. We asked the following questions: (a) What is the composition of the seed bank and above‐ground vegetation? (b) How do they develop over the course of succession within the two different restoration approaches? (c) What is the representation of target and undesirable species in the seed bank and above‐ground vegetation? and (d) Could the seed bank serve as the source for target vegetation restoration?LocationTřeboň Basin, Czech Republic.MethodsThree successional stages and two types of restoration approaches were considered. Bray–Curtis similarity was used for describing the similarity between above‐ground vegetation and the seed bank. Representation of target (dry sandy grassland), desirable (woodland, wetland, mesic grassland) and undesirable (synanthropic) species was assessed.ResultsThe type of restoration approach exhibited stronger effects on the above‐ground vegetation than on the seed bank. The similarity between the seed bank and above‐ground vegetation decreased during succession. Undesirable species formed the dominant species group in the seed bank regardless of successional stage and the type of restoration approach. Target species were represented especially in the above‐ground vegetation of young successional stages. Only half of the number of target species appeared in the seed bank in comparison to above‐ground vegetation and their number further rapidly decreased in older stages of succession.ConclusionsThe result showed that the seed bank of sand pits could be considered as a potential resource mainly for synanthropic species, but it cannot serve as the only source for the eventual restoration of the target vegetation of an open sandy dry grassland after potential clearing, once it becomes overgrown by forest. Consequently, maintaining young successional stages is desirable if we wish to support species typical of dry sandy grassland.
Nomogram for predicting the likelihood of postoperative surgical complications in patients treated with partial nephrectomy: a prospective multicentre observational study (the RECORd 2 project)
Authors: Mari Andrea , Campi Riccardo , Schiavina Riccardo , Amparore Daniele , Antonelli Alessandro , Artibani Walter , Barale Maurizio , Bertini Roberto , Borghesi Marco , Bove Pierluigi , Brunocilla Eugenio , Capitanio Umberto , Da Pozzo Luigi , Daja Julian , Gontero Paolo , Larcher Alessandro , Li Marzi Vincenzo , Longo Nicola , Mirone Vincenzo , Montanari Emanuele , Pisano Francesca , Porpiglia Francesco , Simeone Claudio , Siracusano Salvatore , Tellini Riccardo , Trombetta Carlo , Volpe Alessandro , Ficarra Vincenzo , Carini Marco , Minervini Andrea ,   Collaborators
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo identify meaningful predictors and to develop a nomogram of postoperative surgical complications in patients treated with partial nephrectomy (PN).Patients and MethodsWe prospectively evaluated 4308 consecutive patients who had surgical treatment for renal tumours, between 2013 and 2016, at 26 Italian urological centres (RECORd 2 project). A multivariable logistic regression for surgical complications was performed. A nomogram was created from the multivariable model. Internal validation processes were performed using bootstrapping with 1000 repetitions.ResultsOverall, 2584 patients who underwent PN were evaluated for the final analyses. The median (interquartile [IQR]) American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score was 2 (2–3). In all, 72.4% of patients had clinical T1a (cT1a) stage tumours. The median (IQR) Preoperative Aspects and Dimensions Used for an Anatomical (PADUA) score was 7 (6–8). Overall, 34.3%, 27.7%, 38% of patients underwent open PN (OPN), laparoscopic PN (LPN), and robot‐assisted PN (RAPN). Overall and major postoperative surgical complications were recorded in 10.2% and 2.5% of patients, respectively. At multivariable analysis, age, ASA score, cT2 vs cT1a stage, PADUA score, preoperative anaemia, OPN and LPN vs RAPN, were significant predictive factors of postoperative surgical complications. We used these variables to construct a nomogram for predicting the risk of postoperative surgical complications. At decision curve analysis, the nomogram led to superior outcomes for any decision associated with a threshold probability of >5%.ConclusionSeveral clinical predictors have been associated with postoperative surgical complications after PN. We used this information to develop and internally validate a nomogram to predict such risk.
Cattle affect regeneration of the palm species Attalea princeps in a Bolivian forest–savanna mosaic
Authors: Hordijk Iris , Meijer Fabian , Nissen Esther , Boorsma Tjalle , Poorter Lourens 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAttalea princeps is an important palm species that shapes the forest–savanna mosaic in Beni, Bolivia, as it dominates the two principal forest landscape elements (forest islands and gallery forest), and provides a vital microhabitat, food, and nesting source for numerous plant and animal species. The forest–savanna mosaic is used for extensive grazing, and the palm population is declining on the forest islands due to a low regeneration rate, which threatens the maintenance of this landscape. We therefore examined the (a)biotic factors that influence the population structure of Attalea in the centers and edges of forest islands and gallery forests. Ninety‐one 0.1‐ha plots were established, and 500 palm adults and 3,700 juveniles were measured for their size, health condition, and fire damage. For each plot, habitat characteristics, such as landscape position, grazing pressure, and soil conditions, were measured. Attalea population density was significantly lower on the forest islands than in the gallery forests, especially in the juvenile life stage. A structural equation model showed that juvenile density is positively related to the health condition of juveniles and amount of fruits present, where the amount of fruits is positively affected by the condition of adults. Juvenile density is negatively influenced by grazing, affecting the health condition of the juvenile, as well as organic matter and phosphate availability in the soil. Therefore, it is recommended to decrease the grazing pressure by decreasing livestock densities, fencing off vulnerable forest islands, or by rotating cattle.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Methylisothiazolinone allergic contact dermatitis: Assessment of relapses in 139 patients after avoidance advice
Authors: Bouschon Pauline , Waton Julie , Pereira Bruno , Schmutz Jean‐Luc , Le Bouëdec Marie‐Christine F. , D'Incan Michel 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundMethylisothiazolinone (MI) is a preservative that is responsible for an epidemic of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Few studies have been published on the prognosis of patients with MI‐induced ACD.ObjectivesTo evaluate relapses of MI‐induced ACD and difficulties in avoiding MI in patients who had received avoidance advice.MethodsA retrospective study of patients with MI‐induced ACD diagnosed in two specialized dermato‐allergology units between 2010 and 2015 was performed. The median follow‐up was 3 years.ResultsRelapses were observed in 64% of 139 included patients, and were severe in 18%. Rinse‐off cosmetics were responsible for the largest proportion of relapses (27%). The median time to relapse was 5 months. Sixty‐nine per cent of relapses were on the hands, and 29% were on the face. Risk factors for relapsing were hand eczema and a personal history of atopy. The main difficulties encountered in the avoidance strategy were hidden sources of MI, the lack of labelling on industrial products, the complexity of cosmetic labelling, and remembering the name of the allergen.ConclusionMI‐induced ACD has a poor prognosis. Its high rate of relapse is mainly attributable to the difficulties of avoidance. Management needs to be improved. Specialized follow‐up in the year following diagnosis is essential to educate patients.
Effect of structured self‐monitoring of blood glucose, with and without additional TeleCare support, on overall glycaemic control in non‐insulin treated Type 2 diabetes: the SMBG Study, a 12‐month randomized controlled trial
Authors: Parsons S. N. , Luzio S. D. , Harvey J. N. , Bain S. C. , Cheung W. Y. , Watkins A. , Owens D. R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo examine the impact of structured self‐monitoring of blood glucose, with or without TeleCare support, on glycaemic control in people with sub‐optimally controlled Type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe conducted a 12‐month, multicentre, randomized controlled trial in people with established (>1 year) Type 2 diabetes not on insulin therapy, with sub‐optimal glycaemic control [HbA1c ≥58 to ≤119 mmol/mol (≥7.5% to ≤13%)]. A total of 446 participants were randomized to a control group (n =151) receiving usual diabetes care, a group using structured self‐monitoring of blood glucose alone (n =147) or a group using structured self‐monitoring of blood glucose with additional monthly ‘TeleCare’ support (n =148). The primary outcome was HbA1c at 12 months.ResultsA total of 323 participants (72%) completed the study; 116 (77%) in the control group, 99 (67%) in the self‐monitoring of blood glucose alone group and 108 (73%) in the self‐monitoring of blood glucose plus TeleCare group. Compared to baseline, the mean HbA1c was lower in all groups at 12 months, with reductions of 3.3 mmol/mol (95% CI –5.71 to –0.78) or 0.3% (95% CI –0.52 to –0.07; P=0.01) in the control group, 11.4 mmol/mol (95% CI –14.11 to –8.76) or 1.1% (–1.29 to –0.81; P<0.0001) in the group using self‐monitoring of blood glucose alone and 12.8 mmol/mol (95% CI –15.34 to –10.31) or 1.2% (95% CI –1.40 to ‐0.94; P<0.0001) in the group using self‐monitoring of blood glucose plus TeleCare. This represents a reduction in HbA1c of 8.9 mmol/mol (95% CI –11.97 to –5.84) or 0.8% (95% CI –1.10 to ‐0.54; P≤0.0001) with structured self‐monitoring of blood glucose compared to the control group. Participants with lower baseline HbA1c, shorter duration of diabetes and higher educational achievement were more likely to achieve HbA1c ≤53 mmol/mol (7.0%).ConclusionsStructured self‐monitoring of blood glucose provides clinical and statistical improvements in glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetes. No additional benefit, over and above the use of structured self‐monitoring of blood glucose, was observed in glycaemic control with the addition of once‐monthly TeleCare support.(Clinical trial registration no.: ISRCTN21390608)
Tropisetron via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor suppresses tumor necrosis factor‐α‐mediated cell responses of human keratinocytes
Authors: Stegemann Agatha , Böhm Markus 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTropisetron is a serotonin receptor (5‐HT‐R)‐modulating agent and approved as an antiemetic for patients undergoing chemotherapy. In the gut, it acts via specific serotonin receptors, 5‐HT3‐R, to elicit its beneficial effects against nausea. We investigated whether tropisetron can affect inflammatory cell responses of human primary epidermal keratinocytes (NHK) which are key cells in the regulation of skin homoeostasis. Tropisetron significantly and dose‐dependently suppressed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α‐mediated mRNA expression and protein secretion of interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐8 in these cells. This effect of tropisetron was independent of p65/NF‐κB as shown by various NF‐κB signal transduction read‐outs. Importantly, the anti‐inflammatory tropisetron effect on NHK was neither mediated by 5‐HT3‐R nor 5‐HT4‐R since these receptors were absent in NHK. In contrast, NHK expressed α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAchR) which previously were found to bind tropisetron. The α7nAchR antagonist α‐bungarotoxin neutralized, whereas AR‐R17779, a specific α7nAchR agonist, mimicked the suppressive effect of tropisetron on TNF‐α‐mediated IL‐6 and IL‐8 expression in NHK. Our findings suggest that tropisetron and probably other α7nAchR‐activating agents could be useful for the future therapy of inflammatory skin diseases.
NOX1/NADPH oxidase regulates the expression of multidrug resistance‐associated protein 1 and maintains intracellular glutathione levels
Authors: Wen Xiaopeng , Iwata Kazumi , Ikuta Keiko , Zhang Xueqing , Zhu Kai , Ibi Masakazu , Matsumoto Misaki , Asaoka Nozomi , Liu Junjie , Katsuyama Masato , Yabe‐Nishimura Chihiro 
Published: January 2019

The involvement of superoxide‐generating NADPH oxidase (NOX) in the cytotoxic effects of cigarette smoke extracts has been documented. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and NOX isoform involved have not been fully clarified. Among the different NADPH oxidase isoforms identified so far, NOX1 and NOX4 were found to be expressed in rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes. When H9c2 cells were exposed to acrolein or methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), major toxic components of cigarette smoke extracts, a dose‐dependent decline in cell viability was observed. Unexpectedly, disruption of Nox1 as well as Nox4 significantly exacerbated cytotoxicity induced by acrolein or MVK. Compared with Nox4‐disrupted cells, Nox1‐disrupted cells were more vulnerable to acrolein and MVK at lower concentrations. Disruption of Nox1 markedly attenuated the levels of total and reduced glutathione (GSH) in H9c2 clones. Reduction in the cystine level in the culture medium to deplete intracellular GSH significantly exacerbated acrolein or MVK‐induced cytotoxicity. Nox1 disruption neither attenuated the level of glutamate–cystine antiporter protein nor the activity of glutamate–cysteine ligase, both rate‐limiting factors for GSH synthesis. On the other hand, increased expression of multidrug resistance‐associated protein 1 (MRP1), which mediates glutathione efflux, was demonstrated in Nox1‐disrupted cells. The augmented toxicity of acrolein and MVK in these cells was partially but significantly blunted in the presence of an MRP1 inhibitor, reversan. Taken together, these results show that NOX1/NADPH oxidase regulates the expression of MRP1 to maintain intracellular GSH levels in cardiomyocytes and protect against cytotoxic components of cigarette smoke extracts. A novel crosstalk between NOX1 and MRP1 was demonstrated in this study.
URBAN MODERNITY AND THE POLITICS OF HEIMAT: GABRIELE TERGIT'S KÄSEBIER EROBERT DEN KURFÜRSTENDAMM
Authors: Boa Elizabeth 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThis essay explores an irony running through Gabriele Tergit's Berlin novel Käsebier erobert den Kurfürstendamm (1931): Heimat kitsch serves as a marketing brand for property speculation that is destroying Heimat in the sense of homes and familiar city localities. The novel conveys different ways of feeling at home in a great city, whether at work, or in cafés, parks, and streets full of personal memories and cultural associations. The politics of Heimat is a major theme as Jewish citizens increasingly face threats of exclusion from the German Heimat. Instead of domestic confinement as in traditional Heimat discourse, economic and educational emancipation gave women in the Weimar Republic access to civil society, but new tensions in the emotional economy of relations between the sexes and across generations bring new anxieties as well as new freedoms.
ADRIENNE THOMAS UND VERA BRITTAIN: ‘WALKING THE DEAD’
Authors: Zitzlsperger Ulrike 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTAdrienne Thomas and Vera Brittain both contributed to the body of anti‐war literature during the interwar period that was dominated by male writers. A comparison of Thomas's novel Die Katrin wird Soldat (1930) and Brittain's Testament of Youth (1933) highlights that, over time, their perception of ‘Heimat’ becomes increasingly differentiated. Work in the hospitals alienated both authors from the institutions that shaped society (‘Gesellschaft’) in Germany and England and from women active at the ‘home front’. Instead, wartime suffering as part of their own generation engenders a sense of community (‘Gemeinschaft’) with the soldiers that works across borders.
ELISABETH LANDAU'S NOVEL DER HOLZWEG (1918): A GERMAN‐JEWISH GENDERED DISCUSSION OF HEIMAT
Authors: Weiss‐Sussex Godela 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTElisabeth Landau's novel Der Holzweg discusses her German‐Jewish protagonists’ attitudes to their estranged homeland in the climate of anti‐Semitism in the last months of the First World War. With reference to contemporary theoretical writing, two main notions of Heimat, held by the novel's main characters, Karl and Elise, can be identified. Landau pits Karl's heroic but desperate clinging to his German homeland against the female protagonist Elise's clear‐sighted argument for turning away from a nation that excludes its Jewish citizens and for building a new life elsewhere. Building on the concepts of motherhood and motherliness, and investing her heroine with a life‐giving femininity and ‘nomadic’ subjectivity, Landau describes the ‘female’ perspective as the one showing the way into the future. An analysis of contemporary reviews of the novel shows how critics, who were not willing to concede the struggle for the acceptance of German Jews as equal citizens, ensured through misogynistic attacks that the novel and the criticism of the Heimat concept it carries were denied the readership it deserved.