bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by capillary electrochromatography by using capillary columns packed with polycyclic‐aromatic‐hydrocarbon‐specific particles
Authors: Wu Jiabei , Sun Jiannan , Cheng Heyong , Liu Jinhua , Wang Yuanchao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAs a result of their carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic properties, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are considered as priority pollutants by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environment draws extensive attention in the analytical community. The diversity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in terms of chemical structures and properties leads to the requirement for highly efficient separation technologies. This study describes the usage of polycyclic‐aromatic‐hydrocarbon‐specific particles as a stationary phase for the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by capillary electrochromatography. A comparison of the separations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons performed on capillary columns packed with polycyclic‐aromatic‐hydrocarbon‐specific particles and C18 silica microspheres indicated that polycyclic‐aromatic‐hydrocarbon‐specific particles showed a wider distribution and larger gap in chromatographic retention factor (0.6–41.8) toward polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons than C18 (2.0–14.2). As a result, resolutions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on columns packed with polycyclic‐aromatic‐hydrocarbon‐specific particles (1.2–9.9) were significantly superior over those on C18‐packed capillary columns (0.5–6.3). A mobile phase of 20 mM Tris (pH 8.5)/acetonitrile (15:85 v/v) was optimized for the rapid separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at a pressurized flow rate of 0.2 mL min−1 under an applied voltage of –16 kV. Limits of detection of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were obtained in the range 0.020–0.89 mg L−1 with good precisions (intracolumn reproducibilities of 0.2–1.9% for retention time, 1.4–4.2% for peak height and 1.4–4.4% for peak area, and intracolumn reproducibilities of 2.6–4.2% for retention time, 3.4–7.2% for peak height and 6.9–9.7% for peak area). The proposed method was employed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons analysis in fresh water with good recovery (87.6–112.4%), where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in all water samples were present at levels below the detection limits.
Failure to detect amphetamine‐induced dopamine release in the cortex with [11C]FLB 457 positron emission tomography (PET): Methodological considerations
Authors: Gertler Joshua , Tollefson Savannah , Jordan Rehima , Himes Michael L. , Mason N. Scott , Frankle W. Gordon , Narendran Rajesh 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStudies in nonhuman primates and humans have demonstrated that amphetamine‐induced dopamine release in the cortex can be measured with [11C]FLB 457 and PET imaging. This technique has been successfully used in recent clinical studies to show decreased dopamine transmission in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia and alcohol dependence. Here, we present data from a cohort of twelve healthy controls in whom an oral amphetamine challenge (0.5 mg kg−1) did not lead to a significant reduction in [11C]FLB 457 BPND (i.e., binding potential relative to non‐displaceable uptake). Two factors that likely contributed to the inability to displace [11C]FLB 457 BPND in this cohort relative to successful cohorts are: (a) the acquisition of the baseline and post‐amphetamine scans on different days as opposed to the same day and (b) the initiation of the post‐amphetamine [11C]FLB 457 scan at ∼5 hours as opposed to ∼3 hours following oral amphetamine. Furthermore, we show [11C]FLB 457 reproducibility data from a legacy dataset to support greater variability in cortical BPND when the test and retest scans are acquired on different days as compared to the same day. These results highlight the methodological challenges that continue to plague the field with respect to imaging dopamine release in the cortex.
Debye mass in de Sitter space
Authors: Popov Fedor K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe calculate the one-loop contributions to the polarization operator for scalar quantum electrodynamics in different external electromagnetic and gravitational fields. In the case of gravity, de Sitter space and its different patches were considered. It is shown that the Debye mass appears only in the case of alpha-vacuum in the Expanding Poincare Patch. It can be shown either by direct computations or by using analytical and causal properties of the de Sitter space. Also, the case of constant electric field is considered and the Debye mass is calculated.
Preliminary Report of Percutaneous Cholecystostomy as Diagnosis and Treatment of Biliary Tract Trauma
Authors: Cazauran Jean‐Baptiste , Muller Arnaud , Hengy Baptiste , Valette Pierre‐Jean , Gruner Laurent , Monneuse Olivier 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundBiliary leak following severe blunt liver injuries is a complex problem becoming more frequent with improvements in non‐operative management. Standard treatment requires main bile duct drainage usually performed by endoscopic sphincterotomy and stent placement. We report our experience with cholecystostomy as a first minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic approach.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with post‐traumatic biliary leak between 2006 and 2015. In the first period (2006–2010), biliary fistula was managed using perihepatic drainage and endoscopic, percutaneous or surgical main bile duct drainage. After 2010, cholecystostomy as an initial minimally invasive approach was performed.ResultsOf 341 patients with blunt liver injury, 18 had a post‐traumatic biliary leak. Ten patients received standard treatment and eight patients underwent cholecystostomy. The cholecystostomy (62.5%) and the standard treatment (80%) groups presented similar success rates as the first biliary drainage procedure (p = 0.41). Cholecystostomy presented no severe complications and resulted, when successful, in a bile flow rate inversion between the perihepatic drains and the gallbladder drain within a median [IQR] 4 days [1–7]. The median time for bile leak resolution was 26 days in the cholecystostomy group and 39 days in the standard treatment group (p = 0.09). No significant difference was found considering median duration of hospital stay (54 and 74 days, respectively, p = 0.37) or resuscitation stay (17.5 and 19.5 days, p = 0.59).ConclusionCholecystostomy in non‐operative management of biliary fistula after blunt liver injury could be an effective, simple and safe first‐line procedure in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of post‐traumatic biliary tract injuries.
Surgeon‐Performed Ultrasound in Diagnosing Acute Cholecystitis and Appendicitis
Authors: Gustafsson Camilla , Lindelius Anna , Törngren Staffan , Järnbert‐Pettersson Hans , Sondén Anders 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe use of ultrasound (US) outside the radiology department has increased the last decades, but large studies assessing the quality of bedside US are still lacking. This study evaluates surgeon‐performed US (SPUS) and radiologist‐performed US (RPUS) with respect to biliary disease and appendicitis.MethodsBetween October 2011 and November 2012, 300 adult patients, with a referral for an abdominal US, were prospectively enrolled in the study and examined by a radiologist as well as a surgeon. The surgeons had undergone a 4‐week‐long US education. US findings of the surgeon and of the radiologist were compared to final diagnosis, set by an independent external observer going through each patient’s chart.ResultsAmong 183 patients with suspected biliary disease, 74 had gallstones and 21 had acute cholecystitis. SPUS and RPUS diagnosed gallstones with a sensitivity of 87.1 versus 97.3%. Specificity was 96.0 versus 98.9%, and the accuracy 92.3 versus 98.2%. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for acute cholecystitis by SPUS and RPUS were: 60.0 versus 80.0%, 98.6 versus 97.8% and 93.9 versus 95.6%, respectively. Among 58 patients with suspected appendicitis, 15 had the disease. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for appendicitis by SPUS and RPUS were: 53.3 versus 73.3%, 89.7 versus 93.3% and 77.3 versus 86.7%, respectively.ConclusionSPUS is reliable in diagnosing gallstones. Diagnosing cholecystitis and appendicitis with US is more challenging for both surgeons and radiologists.Trial registration numberThe study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov. Registration number: NCT02469935.
Different Asian Monsoon Rainfall Responses to Idealized Orography Sensitivity Experiments in the HadGEM3-GA6 and FGOALS-FAMIL Global Climate Models
Authors: Wong Kai Chi , Liu Senfeng , Turner Andrew G. , Schiemann Reinhard K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRecent work has shown the dominance of the Himalaya in supporting the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), perhaps by surface sensible heating along its southern slope and by mechanical blocking acting to separate moist tropical flow from drier midlatitude air. Previous studies have also shown that Indian summer rainfall is largely unaffected in sensitivity experiments that remove only the Tibetan Plateau. However, given the large biases in simulating the monsoon in CMIP5 models, such results may be model dependent. This study investigates the impact of orographic forcing from the Tibetan Plateau, Himalaya and Iranian Plateau on the ISM and East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) in the UK Met Office’s HadGEM3-GA6 and China’s Institute of Atmospheric Physics FGOALS-FAMIL global climate models. The models chosen feature oppositesigned biases in their simulation of the ISM rainfall and circulation climatology.The changes to ISM and EASM circulation across the sensitivity experiments are similar in both models and consistent with previous studies. However, considerable differences exist in the rainfall responses over India and China, and in the detailed aspects such as onset and retreat dates. In particular, the models show opposing changes in Indian monsoon rainfall when the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau orography are removed. Our results show that a multi-model approach, as suggested in the forthcoming Global Monsoon Model Intercomparison Project (GMMIP) associated with CMIP6, is needed to clarify the impact of orographic forcing on the Asian monsoon and to fully understand the implications of model systematic error.
Further-Adjusted Long-Term Temperature Series in China Based on MASH
Authors: Li Zhen , Yan Zhongwei , Cao Lijuan , Jones Phil D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA set of homogenized monthly mean surface air temperature (SAT) series at 32 stations in China back to the 19th century had previously been developed based on the RHtest method by Cao et al., but some inhomogeneities remained in the dataset. The present study produces a further-adjusted and updated dataset based on the Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization (MASH) method. The MASH procedure detects 33 monthly temperature records as erroneous outliers and 152 meaningful break points in the monthly SAT series since 1924 at 28 stations. The inhomogeneous parts are then adjusted relative to the latest homogeneous part of the series. The new data show significant warming trends during 1924–2016 at all the stations, ranging from 0.48 to 3.57°C (100 yr)−1, with a regional mean trend of 1.65°C (100 yr)−1; whereas, the previous results ranged from a slight cooling at two stations to considerable warming, up to 4.5°C (100 yr)−1. It is suggested that the further-adjusted data are a better representation of the large-scale pattern of climate change in the region for the past century. The new data are available online at https://doi.org/www.dx.doi.org/10.11922/sciencedb.516.
Early experience outcome of a reinforced Bioscaffold in inguinal hernia repair: A case series
Authors: Ferzoco Stephen J. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Chronic Postoperative Inguinal Pain (CPIP) represents one of the most frequent and dreaded causes of inguinal hernia complications. We evaluated the role of a novel Reinforced BioScaffold (RBS) in inguinal hernia repair to help reduce the incidence of CPIP.

Methods:
Data from thirty-one consecutive patients who had an inguinal hernia repaired using OviTex RBS was collected. All hernias were repaired using an open Lichtenstein technique with the RBS sutured in place using prolene suture.

Results:
There were no reported recurrences during the postoperative period. Similarly there were no postoperative complications (seromas or hematomas) that required surgical intervention and no reported surgical site infections (SSI) during the 30 days postoperatively. There was no reported incidence of Chronic Postoperative Inguinal Pain (CPIP). Finally, no RBS required explantation for infection, chronic pain, meshoma or any other reason.

Conclusion:
No patients reported any postoperative pain that was disabling or lasted beyond three months. No patients required a narcotic pain medications refill. RBS represent a novel hernia mesh that may minimize the inflammatory response seen in synthetic hernia mesh patients and thus may lead to less postoperative pain. To confirm these results, as well as evaluate the effect of RBS on late-onset CPIP, a larger prospective series should be studied with longer follow-up.

Highlights:
Development of novel polymorphic microsatellite markers in the invasive plant shortawn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.)
Authors: Zhao Ning , Yan Yanyan , Liu Weitang , Wang Jinxin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractShortawn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.) is an invasive and highly troublesome weed species originating from North America that has become widespread across China. Since its proliferation seriously threatens crop production worldwide, understanding its genetic diversity is critical for developing a forecasting system for integrated pest management plans. To accelerate the application of molecular markers in A. aequalis, this study aimed to develop a set of expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers using previous high-throughput sequencing data. In this study, a total of 1411 SSR loci were identified from 95,479 unigenes. Tri-nucleotide repeat motifs were the most abundant type with a frequency of 66.27%, followed by di- (24.95%) and tetra-nucleotide (8.78%). Among the loci, 584 primer pairs were successfully designed for marker development. Subsequently, a subset of 36 primer pairs was randomly selected and synthesized, of which 12 (33.33%) pairs successfully revealed abundant allelic polymorphism. Additionally, to investigate their utility, the genotypes of 160 individuals from 20 natural populations representing diverse wild genotypes of A. aequalis were analysed by using these 12 polymorphic markers. These novel SSR markers developed here are reliable and useful for genetic analysis on this invasive plant and will greatly enrich its genetic resource.
Future Changes of the Monsoon Trough: Sensitivity to Sea Surface Temperature Gradient and Implications for Tropical Cyclone Activity
Authors: Wang Chao , Wu Liguang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMost tropical cyclones (TCs) in the western North Pacific basin form, intensify, and move in the monsoon trough (MT), and its future changes have significant implications for TC activity. In this study, future changes in MT and its possible impacts on TC activity are investigated by using outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and a downscaling system. The reliability of CMIP5 models is first examined by using their historical runs. Based on the constructed ensemble of 17 models with relatively high skill, the MT is found to intensify and extend eastward in the warming scenarios. This is also true for the ensemble mean of all of 36 available models. However, considerable intermodel uncertainty exists in the projection, which is related to the diversity in the projected sea surface temperature (SST) gradient over the equatorial North Pacific. The diversity in the SST pattern can generate different configurations of large‐scale circulations, and thus acts as an important source of uncertainty in projecting the TC activity in warming scenarios. The impacts of the MT change on TC activity are further explored by using a downscaling system. It is found that the intensification and eastward migration of the MT tend to shift TC formation locations eastward, increase TC influences in subtropical Asia, and decrease TC influences in south Asia. In addition, TCs intensify by a rate of 8.3% and 26.2% in terms of lifetime peak intensity and intense TC number for 1 K SST warming over the western North Pacific.
Statistical Classification of Self‐Organized Snow Surfaces
Authors: Kochanski K. , Anderson R. S. , Tucker G. E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWind‐swept snow self‐organizes into bedforms. These bedforms affect local and global energy fluxes but have not been incorporated into Earth system models because the conditions governing their development are not well understood. To address this difficulty, we created statistical classifiers, drawn from 736 hr of time‐lapse footage in the Colorado Front Range, that predict bedform presence as a function of wind speed and time since snowfall. These classifiers provide the first quantitative predictions of bedform and sastrugi presence in varying weather conditions. We find that the likelihood that a snow surface is covered by bedforms increases with time since snowfall and with wind speed and that the likelihood that a surface is covered by sastrugi increases with time and with the highest wind speeds. Our observations will be useful to Earth system modelers and represent a new step toward understanding self‐organized processes that ornament 8% of the surface of the planet.
A Link Between CMIP5 Phytoplankton Phenology and Sea Ice in the Atlantic Southern Ocean
Authors: Hague Mark , Vichi Marcello 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEarth system models from the Climate Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) are strongly biased in Southern Ocean phytoplankton phenology, especially in the marginal ice zone. In this study we describe the mechanisms driving CMIP5 models to misrepresent seasonal primary production in the Atlantic marginal ice zone during late winter. We link subsurface light availability during this period to simulated early growth, arguing that a combination of ice cover and deep winter mixing prevent biomass accumulation in the real ocean, while in models this combination of factors is not present. Furthermore, we find a statistically significant correlation across the model ensemble between vertical stratification and the location of the ice edge; whereby the more equatorward the ice edge is, the closer to the surface stratification occurs. We argue that models may be grouped according to how strongly they express two major controls on their phenology, namely, the location of the ice edge and the degree of stratification present in the water column in late winter. We find that models with small biases in just one of these controls (but large biases in the other) are able to simulate bloom initiation close to observations, while models with significant biases in both controls initiate growth 2–4 months early.
Enceladus Auroral Hiss Emissions During Cassini's Grand Finale
Authors: Sulaiman A. H. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Averkamp T. F. , Ye S.‐Y. , Menietti J. D. , Farrell W. M. , Gurnett D. A. , Persoon A. M. , Dougherty M. K. , Hunt G. J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCassini's Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) instrument detected intense auroral hiss emissions during one of its perikrone passes of the Grand Finale orbits. The emissions were detected when Cassini traversed a flux tube connected to Enceladus' orbit (L‐shell = 4) and at a time when both the spacecraft and the icy moon were in similar longitudes. Previous observations of auroral hiss related to Enceladus were made only during close flybys and here we present the first observation of such emissions close to Saturn. Further, ray‐tracing analysis shows the source location at a latitude of 63°, in excellent agreement with earlier UVIS observations of Enceladus' auroral footprint by Pryor et al. (2011, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09928). The detection has been afforded exclusively by the Grand Finale phase, which enabled sampling of Enceladus' high‐latitude flux tube near Saturn. This result provides new insight into the spatial extent of the electrodynamic interaction between Saturn and Enceladus.
The Search for Activity on Dione and Tethys WithCassiniVIMS and UVIS
Authors: Buratti B. J. , Hansen C. J. , Hendrix A. R. , Esposito L. W. , Mosher J. A. , Brown R. H. , Clark R. N. , Baines K. H. , Nicholson P. D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDuring theCassinimission the Saturnian moons Dione and Tethys showed intriguing and multiple clues suggesting residual geologic activity that might be detectable as an atmosphere, plume, or even heat signature. These clues included an atmospheric aura around Dione, injection of particles into Saturn's magnetosphere, mysterious red streaks on Tethys, and possible cryovolcanic features on Dione. A concerted effort that was strengthened in the latter stages of the mission included the acquisition of stellar occulations by the Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) of both Dione and Tethys and high solar phase observations of Dione by the Visible Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) to detect forward scattering from grains in a plume. Analysis of these observations shows no evidence for even a low level of activity on either moon. In addition, infrared images at 2.65 μm obtained throughout the mission were scrutinized for the reappearance of an atmosphere‐like aura, with negative results.