bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From caused-motion to spatial configuration
Authors: Liu Meichun , Chang Juiching 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study re-examines Mandarin Placement verbs from a lexical-constructional perspective and redefines the class with semantic-to-syntactic properties pertaining to lexicalization patterns in Mandarin. It aims to show that Placement verbs lexicalize a cognitively salient causal chain that extends from an agentive motion to locational change and to resultant spatial configuration. The event chain serves as the conceptual basis for linking motion-triggered events and states that are syntactically distinct in profiling the three contingent stages: caused to move → caused to be → spatially grounded. Although English Placement verbs (put, hang, etc.) are typically taken to be exemplars of the caused-motion construction, this study shows that Placement verbs may be distinguished syntactically and semantically from pure Caused-Motion verbs and posture-based Spatial Configuration verbs. While the three classes of verbs may be viewed as demonstrating respectively the individuated stages of the proposed event chain, Placement verbs are the only class that encompasses all three event types in their meanings and are associated with a wide range of semantically compatible constructions. The three stages are discussed with graphical representations and collocational distinctions. Further sub-classifications of the Mandarin Placement verbs are provided with different semantic profiles for each subclass. Crucial to the analysis is the fact that location-profiled uses of Placement verbs outnumber path-profiled uses in Mandarin, indicating a categorical shift from motional to locational predication. By teasing out the language-specific and class-specific lexicalization patterns that are collo-constructionally definable, the study demonstrates the usefulness of a lexical-constructional approach in fine-tuning verbal semantic distinctions for cross-linguistic and cross-categorial comparisons.
Causality, comitativity, contrastivity, and selfhood
Authors: Tsai Wei-Tien Dylan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
When people talk about reflexives, they often think of two arguments in an anaphoric or coargumental relationship. This paper sets out to show that reflexive adverbials also participate in such kind of relationship, but with a far greater range of interpretative possibilities closely associated with their syntactic distributions. The syntax-semantics correspondence strictly observes an inner-outer dichotomy of adverbials observed across languages, i.e., inner Self expresses comitativity, whereas outer Self express causality. Our finding thus lends a substantial support to the cartographic approach advocated by Rizzi (1997) and Cinque (1999). It is also argued that this behavior can be accommodated by a general theory of reflexivity along the line of Reinhart & Reuland (1993), given that a contrastive focus is introduced in accordance with the phase edges (Chomsky 2000, 2001). The “selfhood” can then be understood in a new light, not only in terms of the general theory of syntax-semantics mapping, but also in terms of the “topography” of adverbials, which is by and large determined by their morphological makeups in particular languages.
System repairing strategy at interface
Authors: Pan Victor Junnan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Wh-words in Chinese are ambiguous in specific contexts. In actual conversational situations, when speakers put different combinations of stress with intonation on sentences, the relevant wh-words are no longer ambiguous. The encoded prosodic forms can be analyzed as phonological features in the feature bundles associated with a given lexical item in the Lexical Array. Since these prosodic features have semantic effects on the output of the computational system at the Conceptual-Intentional interface, they satisfy Legibility conditions and therefore, they do not violate the Inclusiveness condition. Prosodic marking is only activated as a last resort in cases where semantic ambiguity arises, which can be viewed as a system repairing strategy at interfaces in the sense of Reinhart (2006).
The acquisition of nominal structure, word order and referentiality in Chinese
Authors: Lee Thomas Hun-Tak , Wu Zhuang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The mapping between nominal structure, word order and referentiality in Mandarin Chinese is examined from an acquisition perspective. Two aspects of the syntax-semantics interface are investigated based on early naturalistic data and experiments with preschool children: the Subject Specificity Constraint, which prohibits non-specific individual-denoting numeral phrases in subject position, and the referential difference between two types of noun phrases containing a modifier: inner modifier nominals (IMN) and outer modifier nominals (OWN) . Our findings reveal adult-like distribution of nominal types and an early sensitivity to the Subject Specificity Constraint. Given the poverty of the stimulus, the semantic difference between the two types of modified nominals, reflected in interactions with stress and focus, appears to be a late acquired interface property in child grammar.
Usage based language change and exemplar representations in Beijing Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Tao Liang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This study offers support to usage-based studies to promote the importance of everyday language use in language development and grammaticalization. Specifically, the study presents a new construction in Beijing Mandarin Chinese that currently co-occurs with its original form, both in spoken language and written texts. The change is another instance of phono-syntactic conspiracy (Tao 2002, 2006, 2009). It starts from phonological reduction and ends in a syntactic change of a highly frequently used rhetorical question 不是…吗: ‘Isn’t it the case that….’ However, the process differs from previous findings (Bybee 2010) in that the grammaticalization process involves usage frequency as well as cognitive, cultural and social factors. The findings further support the view that language and grammar are fostered and conditioned through human communication.
Some interactional functions of Yinwei-clauses in Mandarin Chinese conversation
Authors: Li Xiaoting , Luo Jie 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Yinwei ‘because’ is a causal conjunction or preposition indicating a causal relation between two clauses, NPs and other discourse units in Mandarin Chinese. Building on the previous research, this study examines how yinwei is used by conversational participants to organize talk and accomplish interactional tasks in Mandarin conversation. Adopting the methodologies of conversation analysis and interactional linguistics, this study examines 11 hours of everyday Mandarin conversational data, and explores the interactional functions of yinwei-clauses. An examination of the data shows that yinwei-clauses have a variety of interactional functions in everyday Mandarin conversation. Two particular interactional functions of yinwei-clauses are accounts for a speaker’s prior action such as disagreement and strong assertion, and parentheticals providing background information related to the ongoing talk.
Genericity and sentences with an AP state complement in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Ren Fei 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the semantic and pragmatic constraints on the generic/episodic interpretation of Chinese sentences containing a state complement (SC) realized by an adjectival phrase (AP). It argues that the generic interpretation of such sentences is a result of the interaction of the semantics of the verb or verb phrase before 得 de (V/VP-得), the AP complement after 得 de, and pragmatic knowledge. A sentence with an AP state complement will be interpreted as generic when the V/VP-得 in the sentence expresses repeatable or sum events, and when it is determined, given one’s pragmatic knowledge and the semantics of the AP complement, that the property or state expressed by the AP can apply to a relevant event or individual in all events expressed by V/VP-得 in general.
The classification of Chinese time expressions from Systemic Functional Linguistics Perspectives
Authors: Tsung Linda , Zhang Lubei 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Time expressions are one of the fundamental concepts of human cognition and communication and thus have been the major concern in many linguistics, applied and developmental psycholinguistic studies (e.g. Klein & Li 2009; Li & Bowerman 1998; Shirai, Slobin, & Weist 1998). A study of time expressions in Modern Chinese (Mandarin) was conducted to explore the common patterns, system networks and realizations from a Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) perspective. The results indicated that (1) time expressions can be classified as extent or location; definite or indefinite, (2) within extent a distinction can be made between duration and frequency; within location there are subcategories of Absolute and Relative; of Rest and Motion (3) the forms used to realize these time elements of time are nominal groups, adverbs and pre-verbal phrases, though not all subcategories of temporal elements are realized by all these forms.
Being a Kam in China
Authors: Wang Wei , Jiang Lisong , He Meishu 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In light of the growing interest in investigating the ethnic minority Kam people in China, this paper offers a sociolinguistic analysis to explore how Kam people’s identity is represented and negotiated in spoken narratives with outside researchers. Drawing on sociolinguistic approaches to identity analysis (Bucholtz and Hall 2005; De Fina et al. 2006; Blommaert 2005) and membership categorisation analysis (Sacks 1972a & b, 1992; Baker 2004; Fitzgerald and Housley 2015), this paper explores the relationships between Kam people’s sense of membership in their ethnic community and social practices that define this sense of membership. It focuses on the self-representation of a former Kam village head in a remote village in Southern China, Guizhou Province, and explores his way of conceptualizing being a Kam with a view to examining the relationship between his representation of the ethnic identity and the sociocultural impacts on this identity construction process.
Specialised corpora for Chinese language education in Singapore
Authors: Goh Hock Huan , Lin Jinzhan , Zhao Chunsheng 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Corpus linguistics is crucial to language education, but many corpora do not pay enough attention to curriculum and pedagogical needs. To address this issue and in view of Singapore’s unique language environment, the Singapore Centre for Chinese Language built two specialised corpora for Chinese language education in Singapore, which comprise a Written Corpus and a Spoken Corpus. The Written Corpus provides information on Chinese characters, vocabulary words and sentence structures used in written materials daily; while the Spoken Corpus provides guidelines for attainable spoken proficiency of primary school students at different academic levels. With these corpora, curriculum developers can design syllabi with greater precision on the language content and address the learning gap for Chinese language proficiency. As for teachers, an online resource platform developed based on the Written Corpus provides them with authentic materials and practical applications (such as the text grading module) as reliable tools and resources for lesson preparation and learning assessment.
Interpreters caught up in an ideological tug-of-war?
Authors: Gu Chonglong 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The interpreter-mediated Premier-Meets-the-Press Conferences are an institutional(ized) discursive event in China,
permitting the Chinese premier to answer a range of potentially challenging and face-threatening questions from journalists.
Arguably, this dynamic and interactive setting can be profitably conceptualized using Bakhtin’s notion of dialogized
heteroglossia. As additional subjective actors in the triadic communication process, the government-affiliated interpreters are
caught up in an ideological tug-of-war between the government and (foreign) journalists. That is, there is often a centripetal
force pulling toward Beijing’s official positions and stances (the central, unitary and authoritative) and simultaneously a
centrifugal force exerted by (foreign) journalists who pose sensitive and adversarial questions (toward the heteroglossic and
peripheral away from the center). Manual CDA on 20 years’ corpus data illustrates the interpreters’ tendency to align with the
government’s official positions, soften the journalists’ questions and (re)construct a more desirable image for Beijing.
Performance of cochlear implant patients while using bimodal stimulation and FM system
Authors: Maksoud Nassar Adel Abdel , Hamdy Elkabarity Rasha , Taha Abdel Rahman Tayseer , Abdullah Mohammed Rasha 
Published: April 2019

Objectives:
To study the effectiveness of bimodal stimulation coupled to FM system on the speech discrimination in noise, temporal discrimination and temporal resolution in patients with unilateral cochlear implant.

Method:
A total number of 28 subjects were examined in this study, they were divided into group I (19 subjects) with pre-lingual hearing loss and group II (9 subjects) with post-lingual hearing loss. Both groups had a residual hearing in the non-implanted ear that permits benefit from amplification. Full history taking, Questionnaire, Aided warble tone response, Arabic monosyllabic word test in quiet and in presence of background noise, Pitch discrimination test, Pitch pattern sequence test and Auditory fusion test-subtest 3.

Results:
There is significant statistical difference in CI patients' performance in most of tests while using bimodal stimulation with FM system coupled to CI than with bimodal stimulation alone or CI alone condition.

Conclusions:
It is recommended to use hearing aid in non-implanted ear in order to improve speech discrimination in noise, temporal discrimination and temporal resolution abilities.
Fresnel’s equations in statics and quasistatics
Authors: Skaar Johannes 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Fresnel’s equations describe the reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves at an interface between two media. It turns out that these equations can be used in quasistatics and even statics, for example to straightforwardly calculate magnetic forces between a permanent magnet and a bulk medium. This leads to a generalization of the classical image method.
Outcomes From a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial of Weight Loss Strategies for African American Adolescents With Obesity
Authors: Naar Sylvie , Ellis Deborah , Idalski Carcone April , Jacques-Tiura Angela J , Cunningham Phillippe , Templin Thomas , Hartlieb Kathryn Brogan , Jen K-L Cathy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundMinority adolescents are at highest risk for obesity and extreme obesity; yet, there are few clinical trials targeting African American adolescents with obesity.PurposeThe purpose of the study was to develop an adaptive family-based behavioral obesity treatment for African American adolescents using a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) design.MethodsFit Families was a SMART where 181 African American adolescents (67% female) aged 12–17 were first randomized to office-based versus home-based behavioral skills treatment delivered from a Motivational Interviewing foundation. After 3 months, nonresponders to first phase treatment were rerandomized to continued home-based behavioral skills treatment or contingency management with voucher-based reinforcement for adolescent weight loss and for caregiver adherence to the program. All interventions were delivered by community health workers. The primary outcome was treatment retention and percent overweight.ResultsAll adolescents reduced percent overweight by −3.20%; there were no significant differences in percent overweight based on treatment sequence. Adolescents receiving home-based delivery in Phase 1 and contingency management in Phase 2 completed significantly more sessions than those receiving office-based treatment and continued skills without CM (M = 8.03, SD = 3.24 and M = 6.62, SD = 2.95, respectively). The effect of contingency management was strongest among older and those with lower baseline confidence. Younger adolescents experienced greater weight reductions when receiving continued skills (−4.90% compared with −.02%).ConclusionsBehavioral skills training can be successfully delivered to African American adolescents with obesity and their caregivers by community health workers when using a home-based service model with incentives. More potent interventions are needed to increase reductions in percent overweight and may need to be developmentally tailored for younger and older adolescents.
Detection of fecal bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in drinking water collected from three First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Mi Ruidong , Patidar Rakesh , Farenhorst Annemieke , Cai Zhangbin , Sepehri Shadi , Khafipour Ehsan , Kumar Ayush 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
This study analyzed the microbiological quality of drinking and source water from three First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada that vary with respect to the source, storage and distribution of drinking water. Community A relies on an aquifer and Community B on a lake as source water to their water treatment plants. Community C does not have a water treatment plant and uses well water. Quantification of free residual chlorine and fecal bacterial (E. coli and coliforms), as well as detection of antibiotic resistance genes (sul, ampC, tet(A), mecA, vanA, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaOXA-1, blaCYM-2, blaKPC, blaOXA-48, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaGES and blaIMP) was carried out. While water treatment plants were found to be working properly, as post-treatment water did not contain E. coli or coliforms, once water entered the distribution system, a decline in the chlorine concentration with a concomitant increase in bacterial counts was observed. In particular, water samples from cisterns not only contained high number of E. coli and coliforms, but were also found to contain antibiotic resistance genes. This work shows that proper maintenance of the distribution and storage systems in First Nations communities is essential in order to provide access to clean and safe drinking water.
The rpf/DSF signalling system of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia positively regulates biofilm formation, production of virulence-associated factors and β-lactamase induction
Authors: Alcaraz Eliana , García Carlos , Friedman Laura , de Rossi Beatriz Passerini 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen. S. maltophilia quorum-sensing system is mediated by the diffusible signal factor (DSF), which synthesis depends on rpfF. It has been reported that rpfF disruption in S. maltophilia K279a leads to a loss of DSF synthesis, reduced levels of extracellular protease, swarming motility and virulence in the Galleria mellonella model. The aim of this work was to attain a deeper knowledge of the role of the rpf/DSF signalling system in S. maltophilia biofilm formation, phenotypic traits associated with biofilm development and virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility. To this end, comparative studies were conducted on S. maltophilia K279a and K279arpfF. The results presented here put in evidence the positive role of DSF in bacterial growth, biofilm formation, swimming and twitching motilities, DNAse, lipases and siderophores production as well as resistance to oxidative stress. Interestingly, DSF seems to be essential for the development of the spatially organised structure seen in mature biofilms. Therefore, DSF from S. maltophlia K279a positively regulates biofilm formation and virulence. Furthermore, DSF is necessary for the induction of L1 and L2 β-lactamase production in K279a. This is the first evidence of the role of the rpf/DSF signalling system in S. maltophilia β-lactam resistance.
Aspergillus niger citrate exporter revealed by comparison of two alternative citrate producing conditions
Authors: Odoni Dorett I , Vazquez-Vilar Marta , van Gaal Merlijn P , Schonewille Tom , Martins dos Santos Vitor A P , Tamayo-Ramos Juan Antonio , Suarez-Diez Maria , Schaap Peter J 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Currently, there is no consensus regarding the mechanism underlying Aspergillus niger citrate biosynthesis and secretion. We hypothesise that depending on the experimental setup, extracellular citrate accumulation can have fundamentally different underlying transcriptomic landscapes. We show that varying the amount and type of supplement of an arginine auxotrophic A. niger strain results in transcriptional down-regulation of citrate metabolising enzymes in the condition in which more citrate is accumulated extracellularly. This contrasts with the transcriptional adaptations when increased citrate production is triggered by iron limitation. By combining gene expression data obtained from these two very distinct experimental setups with hidden Markov models and transporter homology approaches, we were able to compile a shortlist of the most likely citrate transporter candidates. Two candidates (An17g01710 and An09g06720m.01) were heterologously expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and one of the resultant mutants showed the ability to secrete citrate. Our findings provide steps in untangling the complex interplay of different mechanisms underlying A. niger citrate accumulation, and we demonstrate how a comparative transcriptomics approach complemented with further bioinformatics analyses can be used to pinpoint a fungal citrate exporter.
Foreword and Introduction to This Issue on Contemporary Safety Topics in Animal Research
Authors: Bradfield John , Meyer Esmeralda , Norton John N 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Institutions with animal care and use programs are obligated to provide for the health and well-being of the animals, but are equally obligated to provide for safety of individuals associated with the program. The topics in this issue of the ILAR Journal, in association with those within the complimentary issue of the Journal of Applied Biosafety, provide a variety of contemporary occupational health and safety considerations in today’s animal research programs. Each article addresses key or emerging occupational health and safety topics in institutional animal care and use programs, where the status of the topic, contemporary challenges, and future directions are provided.
Envisioning health equity for American Indian/Alaska Natives: a unique HIT opportunity
Authors: Cullen Theresa , Flowers Jan , Sequist Thomas D , Hays Howard , Biondich Paul , Laing Maia Z 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The Indian Health Service provides care to remote and under-resourced communities in the United States. American Indian/Alaska Native patients have some of the highest morbidity and mortality among any ethnic group in the United States. Starting in the 1980s, the IHS implemented the Resource and Patient Management System health information technology (HIT) platform to improve efficiency and quality to address these disparities. The IHS is currently assessing the Resource and Patient Management System to ensure that changing health information needs are met. HIT assessments have traditionally focused on cost, reimbursement opportunities, infrastructure, required or desired functionality, and the ability to meet provider needs. Little information exists on frameworks that assess HIT legacy systems to determine solutions for an integrated rural healthcare system whose end goal is health equity. This search for a next-generation HIT solution for a historically underserved population presents a unique opportunity to envision and redefine HIT that supports health equity as its core mission.