bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obtaining complex‐shaped oxide ceramic composites via ionotropic gelation
Authors: Almeida Renato S. M. , Pereira Tamires F. S. , Tushtev Kamen , Rezwan Kurosch 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this communication, we present a new processing method for obtaining oxide ceramic composites based on the ionotropic gelation technique. Nextel 610 fiber fabrics were infiltrated by an alumina‐zirconia suspension with a total solid content of 50 vol% and alginate as the binder. Subsequently, the suspension was slowly cross‐linked by adding Al3+ cations and transferred to a gel state. The gelled fabric layers could be easily cut, stacked and shaped, as well as joined to other ceramic materials and composites. Furthermore, the fiber content could be adjusted by pressing the layers together. In summary, the composites produced with this technique presented a very good fiber bundle infiltration, matrix with fine porosity and excellent mechanical properties. Nextel 610/alumina‐zirconia composites sintered at 1200°C for 1 hour showed bending strength of 306 MPa, interlaminar shear strength of 9.8 MPa and nominal fracture toughness of 13.6 MPa m0.5.
Synthesis, densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties of samarium hexaboride ceramic
Authors: Feng Lun , Fahrenholtz William G. , Hilmas Gregory E. , Hor Yew S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSamarium hexaboride (SmB6) powders were synthesized by boro/carbothermal reduction of Sm2O3 with B4C. Nominally pure SmB6 powder had a mean particle size of about 400 nm and an oxygen content of 0.12 wt%. SmBO3 formed as an intermediate phase during the synthesis. The synthesized powder was hot pressed at 1950°C to produce SmB6 ceramics with relative densities >99.6% and a mean grain size of 4.4 μm. Vickers’ hardness was 20.1 ± 0.7 GPa. Young's modulus measured by bending and ultrasonic methods was 271 and 244 GPa, respectively. The flexure strength was 253 ± 79 MPa and fracture toughness was 2.1 ± 0.1 MPa m1/2. These are the first reported results of the microstructure and bulk mechanical behavior of SmB6 ceramics.
Self‐reported oral health predicts tooth loss after five and ten years in a population‐based study
Authors: Meisel Peter , Holtfreter Birte , Völzke Henry , Kocher Thomas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo assess the suitability of self‐reported oral health status to predict 5‐ and 10‐year tooth loss without involvement of any clinical measures.Materials and MethodsWithin the population Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP), 2,776 subjects with 5‐year follow‐up data and 2,016 subjects with 10‐year follow‐up examination data were studied. Self‐rated oral health was assessed at baseline and related to 5‐ and 10‐year tooth loss. Odds ratios and probability of loss were estimated.ResultsFive‐ and 10‐year tooth loss was significantly associated with baseline self‐rated oral health. The predictive value of oral health ratings for tooth loss was comparable to that of the CDC/AAP case definition or caries and periodontitis diagnostics. In regression analyses including age, sex, smoking, education, income, and further items collected from questionnaires, odds ratios for dichotomous tooth loss associated with rating of oral health as poor were 3.04 (95% CI: 2.43–3.82) and 2.80 (2.11–3.71) after 5 and 10 years, respectively. Prediction with cut‐off probability at 0.25 resulted in sensitivity 85.8% and specificity 44.2% for 5 years, and that with cut‐off probability at 0.40 resulted in sensitivity 83.5% and specificity 46.5% for 10 years.ConclusionSelf‐reported oral health provides reliable predictions of tooth loss comparable to those assessed by clinical diagnostics.
Biologically guided flap stability: the role of flap thickness including periosteum retention on the performance of the coronally advanced flap–A double‐blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Clementini Marco , Discepoli Nicola , Danesi Carlotta , de Sanctis Massimo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the possible benefit on wound healing and flap stability of periosteum inclusion, comparing a “split–full–split” thickness flap elevation versus a “split” thickness approach performed during CAF for the treatment of isolated‐type gingival recessions in the upper jaw.Material and MethodsForty patients were randomized, 20 were treated with “split–full–split” (test group) and 20 with a “split” approach (control group). Analysed parameters at 1 year were CRC, percentage of recession coverage (RC), keratinized tissue (KT) gain and patient‐related outcome measurements.ResultsAfter 12 months, CRC was 80% in the test group and 35% in the control group. Percentages of RC and KT gain were higher in the test group, and a significant association between CRC and the thickness of the flap after elevation was found. Patient‐related outcomes measurements were better for the test group.ConclusionsFlap thickness preservation and the presence of the periosteum in part of the flap may play a fundamental role in obtaining CRC.
Verification of Kumamoto Declaration 2013 and Glycemic Targets for Elderly Patients with Diabetes in Japan for prevention of diabetic complications: A retrospective longitudinal study using outpatient clinical data
Authors: Nakanishi Shuhei , Hirukawa Hidenori , Shimoda Masashi , Tatsumi Fuminori , Kohara Kenji , Obata Atsushi , Kimura Tomohiko , Okauchi Seizo , Kinoshita Tomoe , Sanada Junpei , Fushimi Yoshiro , Nishioka Momoyo , Mizoguchi Akiko , Mune Tomoatsu , Kaku Kohei , Kaneto Hideaki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe present study examined the association between the onset of micro‐ and macroangiopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) described in the Evidence‐based Practice Guideline for the Treatment for Diabetes in Japan 2013 or those indicated in the Japan Diabetes Society and the Japan Geriatrics Society Joint Committee on Improving Care for Elderly Patients with Diabetes.Materials and MethodsPatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who visited the outpatient clinic at Kawasaki Medical School Hospital between 2000 and 2016 and received follow up for >2 years were eligible for the present study. Two datasets, comprising 2,424 or 3,316 patients without micro‐ or macroangiopathy at the start of follow up, were used, respectively. The Cox model was used in two categories of patients, younger and elderly, with the dividing line set at the age of 65 years.ResultsFor the prevention of microangiopathy, in all patients, there was found to be no advantage in controlling HbA1c at a level of <6.0% based on the categories in the Evidence‐based Practice Guideline for the Treatment for Diabetes in Japan 2013, and there was found to be a disadvantage in maintaining HbA1c ≥8.5% based on the categories in the Japan Diabetes Society and the Japan Geriatrics Society Joint Committee on Improving Care for Elderly Patients with Diabetes guideline. For the prevention of macroangiopathy in younger patients, there seemed to be an advantage in maintaining HbA1c within the range of 6.0–6.9% and <7.0% based on the Evidence‐based Practice Guideline for the Treatment for Diabetes in Japan 2013 and the Japan Diabetes Society and the Japan Geriatrics Society Joint Committee on Improving Care for Elderly Patients with Diabetes, respectively.ConclusionsIn all type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, average HbA1c should be maintained <7.0% to prevent microangiopathy. However, in elderly patients, no optimal target for preventing macroangiopathy was found, in contrast to the younger patients in the present study.
Safety and tolerability of empagliflozin in East Asian patients with type 2 diabetes: Pooled analysis of phase I–III clinical trials
Authors: Yabe Daisuke , Yasui Atsutaka , Ji Linong , Lee Moon‐Kyu , Ma Ronald Ching Wan , Chang Tien‐Jyun , Okamura Tomoo , Zeller Cordula , Kaspers Stefan , Lee Jisoo , Kohler Sven , Seino Yutaka 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe investigated the safety and tolerability of empagliflozin (EMPA) in East Asian patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsData were pooled from participants with type 2 diabetes evenly randomized to a placebo, EMPA 10 mg or EMPA 25 mg in 15 phase I–III trials. Adverse events (AEs) were analyzed in the subgroup of trial participants from East Asian countries/regions.ResultsIn total, 709, 724 and 708 East Asian trial participants with type 2 diabetes received a placebo, EMPA 10 mg and EMPA 25 mg, respectively; total exposure was 953, 1,072, and 1,033 patient‐years in these groups, respectively. The EMPA and placebo groups had similar incidences of severe AEs, serious AEs and AEs leading to discontinuation. Incidences of hypoglycemia differed according to anti‐diabetes medication used at baseline. Higher rates of events consistent with genital infection were observed with EMPA (EMPA 1.5–1.7/100, placebo 0.2/100 patient‐years). Rates of AEs consistent with volume depletion were comparable among treatment groups (0.8–1.4/100 patient‐years), but in trial participants aged ≥65 years, the rate was greater with EMPA 25 mg (EMPA 25 mg 3.5/100, placebo 2.0/100 patient‐years). Incidences of events consistent with urinary tract infection, thromboembolic events, renal events, hepatic AEs, diabetic ketoacidosis, fractures and lower limb amputation were similar between EMPA and the placebo.ConclusionsIn the present pooled analysis, EMPA was well tolerated in East Asian type 2 diabetes patients based on >2,100 patient‐years’ exposure, consistent with results from the overall analysis population.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes: A rational drug development
Authors: Ahrén Bo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractToday, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists are established glucose‐lowering drugs used in the management of type 2 diabetes. Their development emerged from the understanding that a combined islet dysfunction comprising of impaired insulin secretion and exaggerated glucagon secretion is the key defect of hyperglycemia. GLP‐1 was shown to target these defects, and after the discovery that dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inactivates native GLP‐1, several different dipeptidyl peptidase‐4‐resistant GLP‐1 receptor agonists have been developed. They are administered subcutaneously, but show differences in molecular structure, molecular size and pharmacokinetics, the latter allowing twice‐daily, once‐daily or once‐weekly administration. They have been shown to be efficient in reducing both glycated hemoglobin and bodyweight, and to be safe and highly tolerable. Cardiovascular outcomes trials have shown them to be neutral or beneficial. GLP‐1 receptor agonists are positioned as add‐ons to metformin alone or in combination with oral agents in the clinical paradigm. They are also efficient when combined with insulin, and fixed dose combinations with long‐acting insulin have been developed. Recent development includes a very long administration schedule and oral availability. The research from the first demonstration of the antidiabetic action of GLP‐1 in the early 1990s to the enormously accumulated data today represents a successful and rational development, which has been characterized by focused perseverance to establish this therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes.
Ecological sorting and character displacement contribute to the structure of communities ofClarkiaspecies
Authors: Eisen Katherine E. , Geber Monica A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite long‐standing interest in the evolutionary ecology of plants that share pollinators, few studies have explored how these interactions may affect communities during both community assembly (ecological sorting) and through ongoing,in situevolution (character displacement), and how the effects of these interactions may change with community context. To determine if communities display patterns consistent with ecological sorting, we assessed the frequency of co‐occurrence of four species ofClarkiain the southern Sierra foothills (Kern County,CA,USA). To investigate potential character displacement, we measured pollination‐related traits on plants grown in a greenhouse common garden from seed collected in communities with one, two or fourClarkiaspecies. Among the four species ofClarkiain this region, the two species that are often found in multi‐species communities also co‐occur with one another more frequently than expected under a null model. This pattern is consistent with ecological sorting, although further investigation is needed to determine the role of pollinators in shaping community assembly. Patterns of trait variation in a common garden suggest that these two species have diverged in floral traits and converged in flowering time where they co‐occur, which is consistent with character displacement. Trait variation across community types also suggests that the process and outcome of character displacement may vary with community context. Because community context appears to affect both the direction and magnitude of character displacement, change in more species‐rich communities may not be predictable from patterns of change in simpler communities.
Cytochemical Localization of Polyphenol Oxidase Activity in K2‐Bodies of Saprolegnia ferax Secondary Zoospores
Authors: Lehnen Larry P. , Powell Martha J. , Letcher Peter M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractZoospores of the oomycete Saprolegnia ferax release adhesive material from K‐bodies at the onset of attachment to substrates. To understand more fully how K‐bodies function in adhesion, enzyme activity was investigated cytochemically in secondary zoospores. Presence of catalase, a marker enzyme for microbodies, was explored in the diaminobenzidine (DAB) reaction. Although pH 9.2 DAB‐staining characteristic of catalase activity was detected in the granular matrix regions of K‐bodies, reaction controls indicated that the reaction was due to oxidative enzyme activity other than catalase. Because polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is another metal‐containing enzyme capable of oxidizing DAB, activity of this enzyme was tested with a more specific substrate, dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). In the DOPA procedure, reaction product was exclusively localized within K‐bodies, indicating the presence of PPO. Results with three methods of reaction controls (elimination of substrate, addition of a PPO enzyme inhibitor, and heat‐inactivation of enzymes) all supported the presence of PPO in K‐bodies. This study highlights potential roles for K‐body PPO in stabilization of adhesion bodies by: cross‐linking matrix phenolic proteins or glycoproteins as K‐bodies discharge adhesives onto substrates, or polymerizing phenolics protective against microbial attacks of the adhesion pad.
Redescription of a Hymenostome Ciliate, Tetrahymena setosa (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Notes on its Molecular Phylogeny
Authors: Pan Mengmeng , Wang Yurui , Yin Haiwei , Pan Xuyue , Mu Weijie , Al‐Rasheid Khaled A. S. , Fan Xinpeng , Pan Xuming 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn recent years, Tetrahymena species have been used as model organisms for research in a wide range of fields, highlighting the need for a fuller understanding of the taxonomy of this group. It is in this context that this paper uses living observation and silver staining methods to investigate the morphology and infraciliature of one Tetrahymena species, T. setosa (Schewiakoff 1892 Verh. Naturh. Med. Ver. Heidelb., 4:544) McCoy (1975) Acta Protozool., 14:253; the senior subjective synonym of T. setifera Holz and Corliss (1956) J. Protozool., 3:112; isolated from a freshwater pond in Harbin, north‐eastern China. This organism can be distinguished from other described Tetrahymena species mainly by its single caudal cilium, which is about twice the length of the somatic ciliature. While the Harbin isolate appears similar to the population described by Holz and Corliss (1956) J. Protozool., 3:112, an improved diagnosis for T. setosa is given based on the previous descriptions and the Harbin population. In summary, this species can be recognized mainly by the combination of the following characters: body in vivo approximately 40 μm × 25 μm, 21–26 somatic kineties, one to four contractile vacuole pores associated with meridians 6–11 and a single caudal cilium. The small subunit ribosomal (SSU) rRNA gene and the cox1 gene sequences of Harbin population are also characterized in order to corroborate that the isolated species branches in phylogenetic trees as a T. setosa species. The phylogenetic analysis also indicated that sequences of populations of Tetrahymena species should be published with detailed morphological identifications.
A fast curtain‐removal method for 3D FIB‐SEM images of heterogeneous minerals
Authors: LIU S. , SUN L. , GAO J. , LI K. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscope (FIB‐SEM) system plays a crucial role in the research of shale reservoirs. It enables visualise nano‐scale pores and helps characterise unconventional reservoirs. In this system, FIB removes a thin layer and SEM generates a high‐resolution grey‐scale image of this fresh surface. By iteratively using FIB and SEM, we can create a series of 2D images. Through stacking these images, a 3D model of a rock sample is generated.However, curtain noise of varying intensity often appears in FIB‐SEM data. Its presence can cause a severe effect on estimation of rock properties, such as porosity and permeability, and lead to incorrect interpretation of the FIB‐SEM image. Because curtain noise can be falsely identified as needle‐shaped pore throats based on grey‐scale image segmentation. Thus it is imperative to decrease curtain noise before segmentation in order to obtain a better understanding of a rock sample. In this paper, we propose a novel approach considering mineral density to decrease curtain noise and compare its results with several conventional used methods.Lay descriptionThe focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscope (FIB‐SEM) system plays a crucial role in the research of shale reservoirs. It enables visualise nano‐scale pores and helps characterise unconventional reservoirs. In this system, FIB removes a thin layer and SEM generates a high‐resolution grey‐scale image of this fresh surface. By iteratively using FIB and SEM, we can create a series of 2D images. Through stacking these images, a 3D model of a rock sample is generated.However, curtain noise of varying intensity often appears in FIB‐SEM data. Its presence can cause a severe effect on estimation of rock properties, such as porosity and permeability, and lead to incorrect interpretation of the FIB‐SEM image. Because curtain noise can be falsely identified as needle‐shaped pore throats based on grey‐scale image segmentation. Thus it is imperative to decrease curtain noise before segmentation in order to obtain a better understanding of a rock sample. In this paper, we propose a novel approach considering mineral density to decrease curtain noise and compare its results with several conventional used methods.
What's Race Got to Do With It? Racial Socialization's Contribution to Black Adolescent Coping
Authors: Anderson Riana Elyse , Jones Shawn , Anyiwo Nkemka , McKenny Monique , Gaylord‐Harden Noni 
Published: August 2018

While youth generally experience stressors from developmental milestones, Black youth also face racialized stressors. Racial socialization has been found to help Black youth cope with racialized stressors, but research has yet to show its contribution to coping beyond general socialization practices. This study examines how racial socialization contributes beyond that of general coping socialization to coping behaviors. Fifty‐eight third–eighth‐grade (Mage = 11.3, SD = 1.54) youth reported general coping socialization and racial socialization practices and coping behaviors. Results indicate that for engagement coping, racial socialization messages contributed significantly to parent‐provided engaged socialization strategies. Implications are considered for the ways in which Black youth experience stress and require culturally specific practices for successful coping with frequently encountered stressors.
School Wellness Committees Are Associated With Lower Body Mass Index Z‐Scores and Improved Dietary Intakes in US Children: The Healthy Communities Study
Authors: Au Lauren E. , Crawford Patricia B. , Woodward‐Lopez Gail , Gurzo Klara , Kao Janice , Webb Karen L. , Ritchie Lorrene D. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDOur objective was to examine the association between school wellness committees and implementation of nutrition wellness policies and children's weight status and obesity‐related dietary outcomes.METHODSA cross‐sectional study was conducted of 4790 children aged 4‐15 years recruited from 130 communities in the Healthy Communities Study. Multilevel statistical models assessed associations between school wellness policies and anthropometric (body mass index z‐score [BMIz]) and nutrition measures, adjusting for child and community‐level covariates.RESULTSChildren had lower BMI z‐scores (−0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.19, −0.03) and ate breakfast more frequently (0.14 days/week, 95% CI: 0.02‐0.25) if attending a school with a wellness committee that met once or more in the past year compared to attending a school with a wellness committee that did not meet/did not exist. Children had lower added sugar (p < .0001), lower energy‐dense foods (p = .0004), lower sugar intake from sugar‐sweetened beverages (p = .0002), and lower dairy consumption (p = .001) if attending a school with similar or stronger implementation of the nutrition components of the school wellness policies compared to other schools in the district.CONCLUSIONSA more active wellness committee was associated with lower BMI z‐scores in US schoolchildren. Active school engagement in wellness policy implementation appears to play a positive role in efforts to reduce childhood obesity.
Variation in Nutritional Quality of School Lunches With Implementation of National School Lunch Program Guidelines
Authors: Joyce Jillian M. , Rosenkranz Richard R. , Rosenkranz Sara K. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool lunches must meet National School Lunch Program (NSLP) requirements to receive reimbursement. In this study, we sought to determine whether there are significant differences in nutrient content and nutritional quality between 2 menus meeting NSLP requirements.METHODSA cross‐sectional content analysis compared 6 weeks of a typical school lunch menu (TM) from an actual school district to a best practice school lunch menu (BPM) created by a registered dietitian based on Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) best practices and Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) healthy meal pattern recommendations. Daily nutrient content was determined using nutrient analysis software. Nutritional quality was computed using Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2010.RESULTSFor nutrients required for analysis, the BPM was lower in calories, saturated fat, and sodium and higher in protein, carbohydrate, and fiber (ps < .01). For other nutrients of concern, the BPM was higher in vitamin A, vitamin D, phosphorus, and magnesium (ps < .01). The BPM had higher HEI scores for nutritional quality (p < .001).CONCLUSIONSResults indicate the possibility for significant variation in nutritional quality of NSLP‐qualifying lunches. Using CACFP best practices and DGA recommendations may significantly impact school lunch dietary quality.