bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial Shocks on Cooperative Multiplex Networks with Varying Degrees of Noise
Authors: Burghardt Keith , Maoz Zeev 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn many cooperative networks, such as alliance and trade networks, abrupt and intense changes to the state of the system (which we call “shocks”), can substantially change the network. We examine how such shocks affect multiplex networks via an agent-based model, in which agents add, drop, or change ties to increase their utility. At a certain time-point, some agents are “shocked” by changing (increasing or decreasing) the cost associated with tie-formation or tie-maintenance. Our model makes several improvements to previous models, including (a) only a fraction of nodes are shocked to simulate small wars or scattered tariff increases or decreases and (b) agents can make both utility-maximizing decisions and randomly rewire ties to explore the utility landscape. Interestingly, we find that randomly rewiring ties increases the utility of agents, for reasons similar to simulated annealing in physics. Furthermore, we create a novel metric to determine how networks change after a shock and find that the size of a shock and noise significantly changes the network, but only when agents’ incentives for tie-formation are sufficiently high. Together, these results suggest that adding more realism to cooperation network models can give nuanced understanding to network shocks.
The Siberian wood frog survives for months underwater without oxygen
Authors: Berman Daniil I. , Bulakhova Nina A. , Meshcheryakova Ekaterina N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFew of the amphibian species that occur in the Subarctic and in mountains are adapted to low sub-zero temperatures; most of these species overwinter underwater. It is believed that the distribution of the species that overwinter underwater can be limited by the low oxygen levels in waterbodies covered with ice. We show that the colonisation of the coldest areas of Northern Asia (to 71°N) by the Siberian wood frog (Rana amurensis) was facilitated by a unique adaptation, the ability to survive extreme hypoxia — and probably anoxia — in waterbodies during overwintering. The oxygen content in the overwintering waterbodies that we have studied in different parts of the range of this species fell to 0.2–0.7 mg/L without causing any large-scale mortality among the frogs. In laboratory experiments the R. amurensis survived for up to 97 days in hermetically sealed containers with water that contained less than 0.2 mg/L oxygen at temperatures of 2–3 °C, retaining the ability to respond to external stimuli. An earlier study of a broad range of frog species has shown that very few of them can survive even brief (up to 5–7 days) exposure to oxygen-free water. The revealed adaptation to prolonged extreme hypoxia is the first known case of this kind among amphibians overwintering in water.
High-density SNP-based QTL mapping and candidate gene screening for yield-related blade length and width in Saccharina japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyta)
Authors: Wang Xiuliang , Chen Zhihang , Li Qiuying , Zhang Jie , Liu Shun , Duan Delin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSaccharina japonica is one of the most important marine crops in China, Japan and Korea. Candidate genes associated with blade length and blade width have not yet been reported. Here, based on SLAF-seq, the 7627 resulting SNP loci were selected for genetic linkage mapping to 31 linkage groups with an average spacing of 0.69 cM, and QTL analyses were performed to map the blade length and blade width phenotypes of S. japonica. In total, 12 QTLs contributing to blade length and 10 to width were detected. Some QTL intervals were detected for both blade length and width. Additive alleles for increasing blade length and width in S. japonica came from both parents. After the QTL interval regions were comparatively mapped to the current reference genome of S. japonica (MEHQ00000000), 14 Tic20 (translocon on the inner envelope membrane of chloroplast) genes and three peptidase genes were identified. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the transcription levels of four Tic20 genes were different not only in the two parent sporophytes but also at different cultivation times within one parent. The SNP markers closely associated with blade length and width could be used to improve the selection efficiency of S. japonica breeding.
Typ-2-Diabetes im Alter
Authors: Müller-Wieland Dirk 
Published: September 2018

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIm Alter wird die Prognose des Typ-2-Diabetes nicht so sehr durch die Qualität der Stoffwechseleinstellung bestimmt, sondern vielmehr durch die verbleibende Lebenszeit und vor allem durch die Funktionalität des Patienten. Wichtig ist es daher, Komorbiditäten zu berücksichtigen und kurzfristige Komplikationen (z. B. eine Hypoglykämie) strikt zu vermeiden. Die Diabetestherapie sollte primär die persönli-chen Lebensziele des Patienten im Fokus haben, seine Lebensqualität sowie den Erhalt der funktionellen Unabhängigkeit.
MetS Risk Score: A Clear Scoring Model to Predict a 3-Year Risk for Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Zou Tian-Tian , Zhou Yu-Jie , Zhou Xiao-Dong , Liu Wen-Yue , Van Poucke Sven , Wu Wen-Jun , Zheng Ji-Na , Gu Xue-Mei , Zhang Dong-Chu , Zheng Ming-Hua , Pan Xiao-Yan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough several risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been reported, there are few clinical scores that predict its incidence. Therefore, we created and validated a risk score for prediction of 3-year risk for MetS. Three-year follow-up data of 4395 initially MetS-free subjects, enrolled for an annual physical examination from Wenzhou Medical Center were analyzed. Subjects at enrollment were randomly divided into the training and the validation cohort. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed for model development. The selected variables were assigned an integer or half-integer risk score proportional to the estimated coefficient from the logistic model. Risk scores were tested in a validation cohort. The predictive performance of the model was tested by computing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Four independent predictors were chosen to construct the MetS risk score, including BMI (HR=1.906, 95% CI: 1.040–1.155), FPG (HR=1.507, 95% CI: 1.305–1.741), DBP (HR=1.061, 95% CI: 1.002–1.031), HDL-C (HR=0.539, 95% CI: 0.303–0.959). The model was created as –1.5 to 4 points, which demonstrated a considerable discrimination both in the training cohort (AUROC=0.674) and validation cohort (AUROC=0.690). Comparison of the observed with the estimated incidence of MetS revealed satisfactory precision. We developed and validated the MetS risk score with 4 risk factors to predict 3-year risk of MetS, useful for assessing the individual risk for MetS in medical practice.
Recent Applications of α-Carbonyl Sulfoxonium Ylides in Rhodium- and Iridium-Catalyzed C–H Functionalizations
Authors: Cheng Jiang , Wu Xiaopeng , Sun Song , Yu Jin-Tao 
Published: September 2018

Sulfoxonium ylides are a special type of sulfur ylides that serve as new C1 or C2 synthons recently developed for use in C–H functionalization to access acylmethylated or cyclized compounds through the formation of metal carbene species. Many excellent works have reported the syntheses of various useful skeletons from these versatile synthons. These developments have not previously been completely investigated or reviewed. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the use of α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides in C–H functionalizations, including ortho-C–H acylmethylation reactions and ortho-C–H activation/cyclization reactions.
Table of Contents
1	Introduction2
Ortho-C–H Acylmethylation Reactions3
Ortho-C–H Activation/Cyclization Reactions3.1
Ortho-C–H Activation/Cyclization of Anilines and Enamines3.2
Ortho-C–H Activation/Cyclization of Azobenzenes3.3
Ortho-C–H Activation/Cyclization of N-Methoxybenzamide3.4
Ortho-C–H Activation/Cyclization of Imines3.5
Ortho-C–H Activation/Cyclization of N-Azoloimines3.6
Ortho-C–H Activation/Cyclization of Benzoylacetonitriles3.7
Ortho-C–H Activation/Cyclization of Benzoyl Sulfoxonium Ylides4	Conclusion
Genetic screen identifies adaptive aneuploidy as a key mediator of ER stress resistance in yeast
Authors: Beaupere Carine , Dinatto Leticia , Wasko Brian M. , Chen Rosalyn B. , VanValkenburg Lauren , Kiflezghi Michael G. , Lee Mitchell B. , Promislow Daniel E. L. , Dang Weiwei , Kaeberlein Matt , Labunskyy Vyacheslav M. 
Published: September 2018

Significance
In eukaryotes, about one-third of all proteins are folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). When protein folding demand exceeds capacity of the ER, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated to counteract ER stress. However, the mechanisms of adaptation to ER stress are not restricted to the UPR. Here, we report that gain of chromosome II in yeast allows adaptation of cells to protein misfolding. We narrowed down the effect of chromosome II duplication to three genes, which promote ER stress resistance independently of the UPR. Overexpression of these genes was sufficient to protect cells from ER stress and led to the elimination of aneuploidy. Thus, aneuploidy can serve as an important genome adaptation protecting cells against ER stress.
Sinking deltas: trapped in a dual lock-in of technology and institutions
Authors: Seijger Chris , Ellen Gerald Jan , Janssen Stephanie , Verheijen Esther , Erkens Gilles 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
In delta areas, flood protection structures and large-scale land reclamation are preferential water management strategies to cultivate soft delta soils. Over the past decades, river embankments, upstream dams, land reclamation, and groundwater use have intensified, and increasingly contribute to subsidence. In addition, the influence of institutions implementing these strategies has strengthened as they have acquired technical skills, knowledge, and vast financial resources. Sinking deltas are therefore trapped in a dual lock-in as dominating technology and institutions act as constraints to moving into a more long-term sustainable direction. Nine factors for the lock-in are introduced and illustrated for delta regions in Asia, Europe, and the US. To gain a better understanding of what researchers and practitioners can do to address the dual lock-in, a practical case is presented of Gouda, a Dutch subsiding city in search of more sustainable strategies and institutions. The paper ends with three steps to change the configuration of a dual lock-in: (1) getting to know the lock-in; (2) temporarily bypassing it; and (3) constituting a new, more sustainable lock-in. These steps should be further investigated in action-oriented research programmes with local experts, and targeted to policy processes and human behaviour in the sinking deltas.
Innovation paradoxes: a review and typology of explanations
Authors: Fragkandreas Thanos 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
The concept of innovation paradoxes refers to a family of anomalous observations demonstrating that relatively high or outstanding innovation efforts lead to either insignificant or undesirable outcomes. While researchers have long been busy studying the nature and causes of innovation paradoxes, they have yet to assess the fruits of their research efforts. This paper addresses this neglect, in particular by identifying and reviewing the literature of two innovation paradoxes – the European innovation paradox and the Swedish innovation paradox. The findings show that research on both paradoxes has proceeded along similar lines, leading to the development of a working explanatory typology of innovation paradoxes. The paper ends with a discussion of key observations, findings and suggestions.
A joint central limit theorem for the sum-of-digits function, and asymptotic divisibility of Catalan-like sequences
Authors: Drmota Michael , Krattenthaler Christian 
Published: September 2018

We prove a central limit theorem for the joint distribution of

s
q

(

A
j

n
)

s_q(A_jn)

,

1
≤
j
≤
d

1\le j \le d

, where

s
q

s_q

denotes the sum-of-digits function in base

q
q

and the

A
j

A_j

’s are positive integers relatively prime to

q
q

. We do this in fact within the framework of quasi-additive functions. As an application, we show that most elements of “Catalan-like” sequences—by which we mean integer sequences defined by products/quotients of factorials—are divisible by any given positive integer.
Intraseason Waning of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness
Authors: Ray G Thomas , Lewis Ned , Klein Nicola P , Daley Matthew F , Wang Shirley V , Kulldorff Martin , Fireman Bruce 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
In the United States, it is recommended that healthcare providers offer influenza vaccination by October, if possible. However, if the vaccine’s effectiveness soon begins to wane, the optimal time for vaccination may be somewhat later. We examined whether the effectiveness of influenza vaccine wanes during the influenza season with increasing time since vaccination.

Methods
We identified persons who were vaccinated with inactivated influenza vaccine from 1 September 2010 to 31 March 2017 and who were subsequently tested for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by a polymerase chain reaction test. Test-confirmed influenza was the primary outcome and days-since-vaccination was the predictor of interest in conditional logistic regression. Models were adjusted for age and conditioned on calendar day and geographic area. RSV was used as a negative-control outcome.

Results
Compared with persons vaccinated 14 to 41 days prior to being tested, persons vaccinated 42 to 69 days prior to being tested had 1.32 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 1.55) times the odds of testing positive for any influenza. The odds ratio (OR) increased linearly by approximately 16% for each additional 28 days since vaccination. The OR was 2.06 (95% CI, 1.69 to 2.51) for persons vaccinated 154 or more days prior to being tested. No evidence of waning was found for RSV.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine wanes during the course of a single season. These results may lead to reconsideration of the optimal timing of seasonal influenza vaccination.
Motherhood as Identity: African Refugee Single Mothers Working the Intersections
Authors: Grant Julian , Guerin Pauline B 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We explored the strategies that refugee single mothers used to manage socio-emotional, physical and economic challenges of raising children during resettlement in a Western country. Ethnographic case studies of 10 families and 12 focus groups were conducted. Bourdieu’s theory of social relations informed the primary analysis. Intersectionality was adopted as a secondary analysis, attending to the agency and empowerment experienced by the participants. Motherhood was identified as a key gendered capability important for the development of capital. Within motherhood, five core themes were identified, including ‘loneliness and sadness’, ‘not enough money’, ‘racism’, ‘struggle for education’ and ‘striving to connect’. Findings suggest the importance of a feminism that legitimizes motherhood as identity with attendant intersections of race, class and gender. Further, the theoretical link between motherhood as a capability and development of capital suggests that investment in structural resources could improve capability and outcomes for refugee mothers and children.
Supratotal Resection of Residual Clival Chordoma With Combined Endoscopic Endonasal and Contralateral Transmaxillary Approaches: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Lavigne Philippe , Wang Eric W , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The optimal treatment for skull base chordomas is gross total resection followed by radiotherapy and not radiation of partially resected tumors. Supratotal resection, defined as removal beyond all involved bone and dura, is ideal but difficult to achieve.
In this video, we present the case of a 37-yr-old man with new onset of progressive cranial nerve sixth palsy and a skull base lesion compatible with clival chordoma. He underwent partial surgical resection at an outside institution via transcranial approach, with significant tumor residual at the clivus, dorsum sella, posterior clinoids, and petrous apex, extensive dural invasion, and intradural extension with attachment to the basilar artery and its long perforating branches.
Supratotal surgical resection was achieved using an endoscopic endonasal transclival approach, ipsilateral transpteryoid approach to the foramen lacerum for carotid artery mobilization, bilateral interdural transcavernous approach with posterior clinoidectomies, and con-tralateral transmaxillary approach to the petrous apex. Reconstruction was performed in a multilayer fashion with fascia lata and fat grafts, extended nasoseptal flap, a lumbar drainage for 3 d. No cerebrospinal fluid leak occurred, and the abducens nerve palsy significantly improved at 3-mo follow-up. Proton therapy is planned.
Recent advances in endoscopic endonasal surgery allow for very high rates of complete and even supratotal resection despite the challenging location. A long learning curve to acquire the technical skills and complex surgical anatomy is required to decrease complication rates and achieve maximal resection in chordomas. Reoperations are more challenging and risky; therefore, first attempt should have curative intent.
The patient signed informed consent including the use of photographic and video material for educational or academic purposes
Determinants of under-5 mortality in Burkina Faso
Authors: Bado Aristide Romaric , Susuman A Sathiya 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
The aim of this article is to determine the factors associated with under-5 mortality and their evolution from 1993 to 2010 and to analyse the contributors of socioeconomic inequalities in mortality of children under-5 years during the same period.

Data and methods
The data used in this study were derived from the four rounds of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in Burkina Faso in 1993, 1998 and 2010. Concentration measurement, logistics regression and Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition method were used to analyse data.

Results
Multivariate analysis revealed that being the first child (odds ratio = 1.8 for 1993, 1.7 for 1998, 1.2 for 2003 and 1.3 for 2010) or a twin (odds ratio = 4.5 for 1993, 2.8 for 1998, 2.7 for 2003 and 4.8 for 2010) were also significantly associated with the probability of dying. The variable (parity) was the main contributor to the part of the inequality due to differences in group characteristics and that would be due to the fact that women from poor households have greater parity compared to those from rich households.

Conclusion
For a reduction in mortality and inequalities related to mortality, the implementation of actions in favour of poor households and promotion of family planning programmes for birth spacing will be required.
Seizure Identification by Critical Care Providers Using Quantitative Electroencephalography
Authors: Lalgudi Ganesan Saptharishi , Stewart Craig P. , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Sharma Rohit , Guerguerian Anne-Marie , Hutchison James S. , Hahn Cecil D. 
Published: September 2018

Objectives:
To compare the performance of critical care providers with that of electroencephalography experts in identifying seizures using quantitative electroencephalography display tools.

Design:
Diagnostic accuracy comparison among healthcare provider groups.

Setting:
Multispecialty quaternary children’s hospital in Canada.

Subjects:
ICU fellows, ICU nurses, neurophysiologists, and electroencephalography technologists.

Intervention:
Two-hour standardized one-on-one training, followed by a supervised individual review of 27 continuous electroencephalography recordings with the task of identifying individual seizures on eight-channel amplitude-integrated electroencephalography and color density spectral array displays.

Measurements and Main Results:
Each participant reviewed 27 continuous electroencephalograms comprising 487 hours of recording containing a total of 553 seizures. Performance for seizure identification was compared among groups using a nested model analysis with adjustment for interparticipant variability within groups and collinearity among recordings. Using amplitude-integrated electroencephalography, sensitivity for seizure identification was comparable among ICU fellows (83.8%), ICU nurses (73.1%), and neurophysiologists (81.5%) but lower among electroencephalographic technologists (66.7%) (p = 0.003). Using color density spectral array, sensitivity was comparable among ICU fellows (82.4%), ICU nurses (88.2%), neurophysiologists (83.3%), and electroencephalographic technologists (73.3%) (p = 0.09). Daily false-positive rates were also comparable among ICU fellows (2.8 for amplitude-integrated electroencephalography, 7.7 for color density spectral array), ICU nurses (4.2, 7.1), neurophysiologists (1.2, 1.5), and electroencephalographic technologists (0, 0) (p = 0.41 for amplitude-integrated electroencephalography; p = 0.13 for color density spectral array). However, performance varied greatly across individual electroencephalogram recordings. Professional background generally played a greater role in determining performance than individual skill or electroencephalogram recording characteristics.

Conclusions:
Following standardized training, critical care providers and electroencephalography experts displayed similar performance for identifying individual seizures using both amplitude-integrated electroencephalography and color density spectral array displays. Although these quantitative electroencephalographic trends show promise as a tool for bedside seizure screening by critical care providers, these findings require confirmation in a real-world ICU environment and in daily clinical use.
Development of a Boston Treatment Program for Youth at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: Center for Early Detection, Assessment, and Response to Risk (CEDAR)
Authors: Friedman-Yakoobian Michelle S. , West Michelle L. , Woodberry Kristen A. , O’Donovan Keira E. , Zimmet Suzannah V. , Gnong-Granato Andréa , Giuliano Anthony J. , Guyer Margaret E. , Rodenhiser-Hill Janine , Keshavan Matcheri S. , Seidman Larry J. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Over the past two decades, increasing attention has been given to the importance of early intervention for psychosis. This article describes the development of the Center for Early Detection, Assessment and Response to Risk (CEDAR), which focuses on early identification and treatment of youth at clinical high risk for psychosis. There are relatively few models in the United States for such programs, and we present our developmental story, focusing mainly on the CEDAR Clinic, as a case study of how such a program can develop. We describe the rationale, infrastructure, and services provided at the CEDAR Clinic, and present some descriptive data from the CEDAR Clinic through 2016. A case example is provided to illustrate treatment at CEDAR. We hope that the cultural history of our program’s development is informative for clinicians and policy makers as one model of how to build an early intervention service. We believe that this article is timely in view of the growing momentum in the United States for developing programs for intervening as early as possible for youth at clinical high risk for psychosis.