bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Neutrophil Elastase Induces MUC5AC Overexpression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Through miR-146a
Authors: Yan Danqing , Ye Yu , Zhang Jian , Zhao Junmei , Yu Jieqing , Luo Qing 
Published: August 2019

Background The pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is not yet clear. microRNAs are widely involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes, of which microRNA-146a (miR-146a) plays an important role in innate immunity, inflammatory response, and other pathophysiological processes. Mucins (MUCs) are important components of secreted mucus, of which MUC5AC is the major MUC secreted in the normal airway. Objective This study was performed to examine human neutrophil elastase (HNE)-induced MUC5AC overexpression in CRS via miR-146a. Methods miR-146a, HNE, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and MUC5AC expression in the sinonasal mucosa were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). EGFR, phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR), and MUC5AC expression were determined in primary cultures of human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs). We examined the expression of miR-146a, MUC5AC, EGFR, and pEGFR by transfecting HNECs with miR-146a mimics and negative control (NC). Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were used to validate EGFR as an hsa-miR-146a target gene. Results miR-146a was significantly downregulated, and HNE, EGFR, and MUC5AC were upregulated in CRS patients both with and without nasal polyps. In the in vitro cell experiment, MUC5AC was significantly downregulated after use of an EGFR-specific inhibitor (AG1478). Upon addition of miR-146a inhibitor, miR-146a was downregulated, while MUC5AC was upregulated. MUC5AC was suppressed in normal primary HNECs by miR-146a mimic and pEGFR was downregulated. The results of dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that the luciferase activities were markedly inhibited in the pGL3-EGFR-3′ UTR+miR-146a mimic group compared with the pGL3+ miR-146a mimic group, suggesting that EGFR is a target gene for miR-146a. Conclusion In HNE-induced CRS, miR-146a downregulates the expression of MUC5AC by inhibiting the activation of EGFR, and EGFR is a target gene of miR-146a.
Positive association between baseline brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity and the risk of new-onset diabetes in hypertensive patients
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , He Panpan , Li Youbao , Zhang Yan , Li Jianping , Liang Min , Wang Guobao , Tang Genfu , Song Yun , Wang Binyan , Liu Chengzhang , Liu Lishun , Cui Yimin , Wang Xiaobin , Huo Yong , Xu Xiping , Qin Xianhui 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background
There is no clearly defined temporal relationship between arterial stiffness and diabetes. We aimed to investigate the prospective association between baseline brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and the risk of new-onset diabetes during follow-up, and examined whether there were effect modifiers, in hypertensive patients.

Methods
We included 2429 hypertensive patients with all the pertinent data but without diabetes at the baseline, who were part of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT), a randomized, double-blind, actively controlled trial conducted in 32 communities in Anhui and Jiangsu provinces in China. The primary outcome was new-onset diabetes, defined as physician-diagnosed diabetes or use of glucose-lowering drugs during follow-up, or fasting glucose (FG) ≥ 126.0 mg/dL at the exit visit.

Results
During a median follow-up duration of 4.5 years, 287 (11.8%) participants developed diabetes. There was a significant positive association between baseline baPWV and the risk of new-onset diabetes (per SD increment; OR, 1.33; 95% CI 1.13, 1.56). Consistently, when baPWV was assessed as quartiles, a significantly higher risk of new-onset diabetes was found in participants in quartiles 2–4 (≥ 15.9 m/s; OR, 1.80; 95% CI 1.22, 2.65) compared with those in quartile 1 (< 15.9 m/s). The positive association was consistent in participants with (per SD increment; OR, 1.29; 95% CI 1.06, 1.56) or without (per SD increment; OR, 1.40; 95% CI 1.15, 1.71) impaired fasting glucose (IFG, FG ≥ 100.8 and < 126.0 mg/dL, P-interaction = 0.486).

Conclusions
In this sample of hypertensive patients, we found a significant positive association between baseline baPWV and the risk of new-onset diabetes.
Clinical trial registration Trial registration: NCT00794885 (clinicaltrials.gov). Retrospectively registered November 20, 2008
Differential nanoscale organisation of LFA-1 modulates T-cell migration
Authors: Shannon Michael J. , Pineau Judith , Griffié Juliette , Aaron Jesse , Peel Tamlyn , Williamson David J. , Zamoyska Rose , Cope Andrew P. , Cornish Georgina H. , Owen Dylan M. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Effector T-cells rely on integrins to drive adhesion and migration to facilitate their immune function. The heterodimeric transmembrane integrin LFA-1 (αLβ2 integrin) regulates adhesion and migration of effector T-cells through linkage of the extracellular matrix with the intracellular actin treadmill machinery. Here, we quantified the velocity and direction of F-actin flow in migrating T-cells alongside single-molecule localisation of transmembrane and intracellular LFA-1. Results showed that actin retrograde flow positively correlated and immobile actin negatively correlated with T-cell velocity. Plasma membrane-localised LFA-1 forms unique nano-clustering patterns in the leading edge, compared to the mid-focal zone, of migrating T-cells. Deleting the cytosolic phosphatase PTPN22, loss-of-function mutations of which have been linked to autoimmune disease, increased T-cell velocity, and leading-edge co-clustering of pY397 FAK, pY416 Src family kinases and LFA-1. These data suggest that differential nanoclustering patterns of LFA-1 in migrating T-cells may instruct intracellular signalling. Our data presents a paradigm where T-cells modulate the nanoscale organisation of adhesion and signalling molecules to fine tune their migration speed, with implications for the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Acute Skeletal Muscle Recovery after Exercise
Authors: DÁTTILO MURILO , ANTUNES HANNA KAREN MOREIRA , GALBES NADINE MARQUES NUNES , MÔNICO-NETO MARCOS , DE SÁ SOUZA HELTON , DOS SANTOS QUARESMA MARCUS VINÍCIUS LÚCIO , LEE KIL SUN , UGRINOWITSCH CARLOS , TUFIK SERGIO , DE MELLO MARCO TÚLIO 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Sleep is considered essential for muscle recovery, mainly due to its effect on hormone secretion. Total sleep deprivation or restriction is known to alter not only blood hormones but also cytokines that might be related to skeletal muscle recovery. This study aimed to evaluate whether total sleep deprivation after eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (EEIMD) modifies the profiles of blood hormones and cytokines.

Methods
In two separate conditions, with a crossover and randomized model, 10 men (age, 24.5 ± 2.9 yr; body mass index, 22.7 ± 2.3 kg·m−2) performed a unilateral EEIMD protocol that comprised 240 eccentric contractions of the knee extensor muscles using an isokinetic dynamometer. In one condition, a “muscle damage” protocol was followed by 48 h of total sleep deprivation and 12 h of normal sleep (DEPRIVATION). In the other condition, the same muscle damage protocol was conducted, followed by three nights of regular sleep (SLEEP). Isometric muscle voluntary contraction tests and blood samples were collected serially throughout the protocol and analyzed for creatine kinase, free and total testosterone, IGF-1, cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, receptor antagonist of IL-1 and IL-10.

Results
Muscle voluntary contraction and serum creatine kinase increased equally over the study period in both conditions. From the cytokines evaluated, only IL-6 increased in DEPRIVATION. No differences were detected in testosterone levels between conditions, but IGF-1, cortisol, and cortisol/total testosterone ratio were higher in DEPRIVATION.

Conclusions
Total sleep deprivation after EEIMD does not delay muscle strength recovery but modifies inflammatory and hormonal responses.
Quantitative assessment of variation in CBCT image technical parameters related to CBCT detector lateral-offset position
Authors: Santaella Gustavo Machado , Rosalen Pedro Luiz , Queiroz Polyane Mazucatto , Haiter-Neto Francisco , Wenzel Ann , Spin-Neto Rubens 
Published: August 2019

Objectives: To assess the effect of CBCT detector position (aligned/lateral-offset) on image technical parameters (mean voxel value - MVV, standard deviation of voxel value (SDVV) distribution), comparing peripheral regions of interest (ROIs) to the central ROI in CBCT volumes. Methods: 40 CBCT volumes of a wax phantom were acquired in six units with aligned and/or lateral-offset detectors: Cranex 3Dx (CRA), Ortophos SL (ORT), Picasso Trio (PIC), Promax 3D Mid (PRO), Scanora 3D (SCA), and X1. Four image-acquisition protocols used an aligned detector, and four a lateral-offset detector. In each volume, 13 ROIs (12 peripheral and 1 central) were evaluated. MVV and SDVV of the peripheral ROI were compared to those of the central ROI in the volume. MVVD (the difference in percentage, between the MVV of a peripheral and the central ROI) was calculated. Results: For aligned-detectors, MVV increased (ORT and PRO) or decreased (CRA and X1) in the ROIs farther from the centre. For lateral-offset detectors, ROIs farther from the centre showed increased MVV. SDVV for most aligned detectors was lower, the nearer the ROI was to the centre. For lateral-offset detectors, it was lower for the peripheral ROIs, except with PIC. Range for MVVD was −32.8% to 22.8% for units with aligned detectors, and −20.7% to 69.5% for lateral-offset detectors. Conclusion: Lateral-offset detectors to acquire CBCT images significantly change SDVV distribution within the field-of-view, and lead to MVVD with increased range, compared to aligned detectors. This must be taken in consideration in the clinic, if voxel-value dependent measurements are to be performed.
Draft genome assembly and transcriptome sequencing of the golden algae Hydrurus foetidus (Chrysophyceae)
Authors: Bråte Jon , Fuss Janina , Jakobsen Kjetill S. , Klaveness Dag 
Published: August 2019

Hydrurus foetidus is a freshwater chrysophyte alga. It thrives in cold rivers in polar and high alpine regions. It has several morphological traits reminiscent of single-celled eukaryotes, but can also form macroscopic thalli. Despite its ability to produce polyunsaturated fatty acids, its life under cold conditions and its variable morphology, very little is known about its genome and transcriptome. Here, we present an extensive set of next-generation sequencing data, including genomic short reads from Illumina sequencing and long reads from Nanopore sequencing, as well as full length cDNAs from PacBio IsoSeq sequencing and a small RNA dataset (smaller than 200 bp) sequenced with Illumina. The genome sequences were combined to produce an assembly consisting of 5069 contigs, with a total assembly size of 171 Mb and a 77% BUSCO completeness. The new data generated here may contribute to a better understanding of the evolution and ecological roles of chrysophyte algae, as well as to resolve the branching patterns at a larger phylogenetic scale.
Resolving outbreak dynamics using approximate Bayesian computation for stochastic birth–death models
Authors: Lintusaari Jarno , Blomstedt Paul , Rose Brittany , Sivula Tuomas , Gutmann Michael U. , Kaski Samuel , Corander Jukka 
Published: August 2019

Earlier research has suggested that approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) makes it possible to fit simulator-based intractable birth–death models to investigate communicable disease outbreak dynamics with accuracy comparable to that of exact Bayesian methods. However, recent findings have indicated that key parameters, such as the reproductive number R, may remain poorly identifiable with these models. Here we show that this identifiability issue can be resolved by taking into account disease-specific characteristics of the transmission process in closer detail. Using tuberculosis (TB) in the San Francisco Bay area as a case study, we consider a model that generates genotype data from a mixture of three stochastic processes, each with its own distinct dynamics and clear epidemiological interpretation. We show that our model allows for accurate posterior inferences about outbreak dynamics from aggregated annual case data with genotype information. As a byproduct of the inference, the model provides an estimate of the infectious population size at the time the data were collected. The acquired estimate is approximately two orders of magnitude smaller than assumed in earlier related studies, and it is much better aligned with epidemiological knowledge about active TB prevalence. Similarly, the reproductive number R related to the primary underlying transmission process is estimated to be nearly three times larger than previous estimates, which has a substantial impact on the interpretation of the fitted outbreak model.
Educational activity of students as a key element of the educational process in a higher educational institution
Authors: Черниковская Марина , Chernikovskaya Marina 
Published: August 2019

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the organization of educational activity in a higher educational institution. It is prepared on the basis of monitoring results of students of higher educational institutions in Penza. More than 410 students from 6 regional universities took part in the monitoring.
Elements of educational activity of students, such as participation in the educational process, building relationships in the university, independent work of students are considered.
The main problems of students in the organization of the educational process, the features of the activity of students in training classes, during the passing of tests and examinations are revealed. The psychological atmosphere in higher education institutions in which students are trained, the level of building relationships in the student environment is analyzed. The answers to many questions on the educational activities of students are answered.
Based on the results of the study, recommendations were developed to improve the effectiveness of student learning activities.
Um olhar estrangeiro para a escola brasileira Carl Ernest Zeuner desenhando quadros murais (Revista do Ensino/RS, 1963-1969)
Authors: Camara Bastos Maria Helena 
Published: August 2019

Carl Ernest Zeuner nasceu em Zwickau, nas proximidades da fronteira alemã com a República Tcheca, em 13 de agosto de 1895. Em 1922 veio para o Brasil, radicando-se em Porto Alegre/RS. Foi pintor, desenhista e ilustrador, atuando na Livraria e Editora Globo. Na década de 1960, colaborou com a Revista do Ensino/RS (1951-1978) desenhando uma série de quadros murais. O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar os suplementos didáticos ou quadros murais, também denominados “Material Didático para as Classes do Curso Primário”. Abordando os quadros murais como expressão da liturgia do universo escolar e educacional de um determinado período da escola brasileira e rio-grandense, a partir da ideia que expressam uma linguagem feita de imagens, o estudo toma como objeto de análise os quadros pintados por Zeuner, em número de 61, no período de 1963 a 1969.
New long-term action insulin formulations obtained using polycations for heparin neutralization
Authors: Kamiński Kamil , Kaczor-Kamińska Marta , Irska Izabela , Popiołek Iwona , Szczubiałka Krzysztof , Nowakowska Maria 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Phenomena that occur between an insulin and four different positively charged polymers (protamine, cationic dextran, chitosan, and poliallylamine derivatives) were studied by dynamic light scattering and fluorescence measurements (using fluorescein-labeled polymers). These processes were compared to the reaction of polycations with heparin that is responsible for the neutralization of anticoagulant activity in blood stream.The nature of polycations interaction with heparin is electrostatic, while the interaction with insulin is more complicated.We observed that the presence of zinc atoms (and its complexing by nitrogen from macromolecules) is critical for insulin suspensions formation and stability. The differences between the nature of these two reactions were revealed. The highly immunogenic action of protamine present in long-acting insulin products makes it reasonable to develop similar systems based on the nonprotein polycations.
A 5.7 mW, UWB LNA for Wireless Applications Using Noise Canceling Technique in 90 nm CMOS
Authors: Singh Vikram , Arya Sandeep Kumar , Kumar Manoj 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA 3–12 GHz ultra-wideband (UWB) low noise amplifier (LNA) is proposed in this paper. The first stage common-gate (CG), common-source (CS) noise canceling approach is used to achieve low noise-figure (NF). CG configuration at the input stage provides wideband input-matching. The noise of CG transistor is cancelled by systematically added two parallel CS transistors, whose outputs are cascoded in second stage. In order to achieve flat power gain (S21) response, a series peaking inductor is used in the second stage. The proposed LNA is designed in 90 nm CMOS process with chip-layout area of 0.467 mm2 and in comparison to the existing LNAs, it consumes a low power of 5.7 mW from a 1 V supply. The achieved input-reflection coefficient (S11) is <−7.5 dB, output-reflection coefficient (S22) is <−7.6 dB with NF < 5.8 dB for 3–12 GHz UWB and third-order intercept point (IIP3) of −19 dBm. It achieves high and flat S21 of 20.84 ± 0.28 dB over 4.2–10 GHz, with NF ranging from 2.6–3.6 dB.
Two critical books in the history of loess investigation: ‘Charakteristik der Felsarten’ by Karl Caesar von Leonhard and ‘Principles of Geology’ by Charles Lyell
Authors: Hambach Ulrich , Smalley Ian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe two critical books, launching the study and appreciation of loess, were ‘Charakteristik der Felsarten’(CdF) by Karl Caesar von Leonhard, published in Heidelberg by Joseph Engelmann, in 1823-4, and ‘Principles of Geology’(PoG) by Charles Lyell, published in London by John Murray in 1830-3. Each of these books was published in three volumes and in each case the third volume contained a short piece on loess (about 2-4 pages).These two books are essentially the foundations of loess scholarship. In CdF Loess [Loefs] was first properly defined and described; section 89 in vol. 3 provided a short study of the nature and occurrence of loess, with a focus on the Rhine valley. In PoG there was a short section on loess in the Rhine valley; this was in vol.3 and represents the major dissemination of loess awareness around the world.A copy of PoG3 (Principles of Geologyvol. 3) reached Charles Darwin on the Beagle in Valparaiso in 1834; worldwide distribution.Lyell and von Leonhard met in Heidelberg in 1832. Von Leonhard and Heinrich Georg Bronn (1800-1862) showed Lyell the local loess. These observations provided the basis for the loess section in PoG3. Lyell acknowledged the influence of his hosts when he added a list of loess scholars to PoG; by the 5thedition in 1837 the list comprised H.G. Bronn, Karl Caesar von Leonhard (1779-1862), Ami Boue (1794-1881), Voltz, Johann Jakob Noeggerath (1788-1877), J. Steininger, P. Merian, Rozet, C.F.H. von Meyer (1801-1869), Samuel Hibbert (1782-1848) and Leonard Horner (1785-1864); a useful list of loess pioneers. The loess is a type of ground that has only recently been established, and it seems, the peculiarity of the Rhine region, and of a very general but inconsistent spread.” H.G. Bronn 1830
Potential influence of meteorological variables on forest fire risk in Serbia during the period 2000-2017
Authors: Tošić I. , Mladjan D. , Gavrilov M. B. , Živanović S. , Radaković M. G. , Putniković S. , Petrović P. , Mistridželović I. Krstić , Marković S. B. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
To examine potential relationships between meteorological variables and forest fires in Serbia, daily temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and wind speed data for 15 meteorological stations across Serbia were used to construct fire indices. The daily values of the Ångström and Nesterov indices were calculated for the period 2000–2017. A high number of forest fires occurred in 2007 and 2012 in Serbia, during a period of extremely high air temperatures in 2007, followed by the longest heat wave and the worst drought in 2012.
In order to identify the ideal weather conditions for fire break outs, different combinations of input variables, e.g., meteorological variables (mean temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and wind speed), fire danger indices or a combination of both, for the Belgrade area during the period 1986–2017, were tested. It was found that using relative humidity or precipitation as a predictor only generates a satisfactory model for forecasting of number of forest fires.
Controlling factors on the geochemistry of Al-Shuaiba and Al-Mejarma coastal lagoons, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Basaham Ali S. , Ghandour Ibrahim M. , Haredy Rabea 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Geochemical and mineralogical analyses of bottom sediments collected from Al-Shuaiba (SHL) and Al-Mejarma (MJL) coastal lagoons, Red Sea were carried out. Mineralogically, the sediments consist mainly of carbonate minerals particularly aragonite, high and low Mg-calcite and traces of dolomite admixed with non-carbonate minerals including quartz, k-feldspars, plagioclase and traces of amphiboles, mica and clay minerals. The spatial distribution of major and trace elements at the bottom of the lagoons indicates two groups of elements. The first, less significant, is of terrigenous origin concentrates mainly in the shoreward direction. This group includes the silicates (Al2O3-Fe2O3-SiO2), Feldspars (K2O-Rb-Ba) and heavy minerals (V-Cr-Zr, TiO2-Y-Nb) related elements. The second most dominant group is the carbonate related elements (CaO-Sr) that concentrates in the seaward direction. The two lagoons are not affected by urbanization or anthropogenic impact, and hence the siliciclastic elements are related to the terrigenous influx mainly by aeolian transportation. The carbonate related elements are mainly of biogenic origin related to calcareous skeletal remains. The elemental distribution in the bottom sediments of the MJL is more homogeneous than those in the SHL reflecting the bottom conditions that are mainly controlled by lagoon morphology, hydrodynamic and the water circulation between the lagoon and the sea. Geochemical data show no obvious enrichment of Al-normalized redox-sensitive trace elements V and Cr suggesting that there is no variation in the bottom redox conditions in contrast with other previous studies. The information in this work is an important tool for biogeochemical and biological research projects in the Red Sea coastal lagoons.