bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncologic reconstruction of the proximal humerus with a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty megaprosthesis
Authors: Grosel Timothy W. , Plummer Darren R. , Mayerson Joel L. , Scharschmidt Thomas J. , Barlow Jonathan D. 
Published: August 2018

Background and PurposeBoth malignant and benign tumors of the proximal humerus may necessitate resection of a substantial portion of the proximal humerus, making reconstruction options challenging. While hemiarthroplasty has been a classic treatment, reverse total shoulder replacement may provide better pain relief and function for these patients.MethodsWe utilize a two‐surgeon approach for these challenging cases. The orthopedic oncologist resects the tumor. A shoulder‐trained surgeon implants the reverse shoulder replacement. Modern implants, with large glenospheres and modular components, can allow reliable, straightforward reconstructions for these patients. We prefer 6 weeks of postoperative immobilization to decrease the risk of instability.ResultsWe have completed 13 reverse total shoulder replacements for oncologic shoulder resections, with acceptable clinical outcomes and no complications to date.ConclusionReverse total shoulder replacement with long‐stem, modular components can reliably and reproducibly reconstruct the shoulder in patients with oncologic resections of the proximal humerus.
Broadcast supplemental feeding and northern bobwhite demographics in Texas
Authors: McLaughlin John W. , Wiley Derek S. , Dabbert C. Brad , Terhune Theron M. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTNorthern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) abundance is declining. Food limitations have been hypothesized to exacerbate the boom and bust cycle exhibited by bobwhites, with supplemental feeding advocated as a way to mitigate this annual variability in demographics. A new technique (i.e., broadcast feeding) has exhibited positive effects on the seasonal survival of bobwhites. To ensure the safe adoption of any management practice, replication is necessary. We employed a randomized, crossover experimental design to evaluate the effect of 3 different supplemental feed rates (full [69.1 kg/km], half [34.6 kg/km], control [no feed]) on bobwhite survival and used the known‐fate data type to assess the fate of radio‐marked individuals within the Rolling Plains of Texas, USA. We assessed temporal (biological vs. calendar season) and treatment‐level (feed vs. control) effects on survival. Our top temporal model included an interaction between year and calendar season as the most parsimonious model. Survival was lowest during winter. The most parsimonious treatment‐level model included an interaction between feed and winter, plus the additive effect of snow depth. The application of the full and half feed treatments had positive effects on survival during winter compared to control units in both years, across all pastures. Our data indicated there was no difference between the full and half feed rates. Snow accumulation had a negative effect on survival in both years. Broadcast feeding improved winter survival rates and subsequently, the number of females available entering the breeding season. Broadcast feeding serves as an additional management tool for wildlife managers within a strategic management program to benefit bobwhite survival during periods of physiological stress. We recommend the continued use of this management technique in regions where similar range and weather conditions exist to further evaluate its effectiveness. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Synthesis, kinetics, and mechanism of bromophenols by N‐bromophthalimide in aqueous acetic acid
Authors: Anjaiah Birla , Prameela Kethavath , Srinivas Pabba , Rajanna Kamatala Chinna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe kinetics and mechanism of bromination of phenol and its substituents, viz. 4‐chlorophenol, 4‐bromophenol, 4‐methylphenol, and 4‐methoxyphenol by N‐bromophthalimide (NBP) in the presence of mercuric acetate in the temperature range of 303–318 K in aqueous acetic acid medium have been investigated. The reaction follows first‐order dependence on [NBP] and fractional order dependence of rate on [Phenol]. The activation parameters have been evaluated, and based on the observed kinetic results the probable mechanism has been proposed. Observed kinetic features and Hammett's reaction constant (ρ) suggests that bromination occurs through electrophilic substitution of bromonium ion (Br+) into the aromatic ring in the transition state. Large negative entropy of activation values probably suggests the rigid nature of transition state.
Increased ammonia emissions from synthetic fertilizers and land degradation associated with reduction in arable land area in China
Authors: Ouyang Wei , Lian Zhongmin , Hao Xin , Gu Xiang , Hao Fanghua , Lin Chunye , Zhou Feng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFor a long time, there has been an excessive use of synthetic fertilizers applied to the decreasing area of arable land to help meet the increasing food demand, which causes NH3 volatilization and land degradation. In this study, we conducted a nationwide inventory of NH3 emissions from synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in China from 1991 to 2013. We estimated that NH3 emissions increased from 3.20 to 5.21 Tg NH3 yr−1. Because of the different agricultural practices, fertilizer use schedules, and ambient temperature, monthly NH3 emissions have varied greatly. NH3 emissions during the spring and summer accounted for approximately 83% of the national total in 1991, 1998, 2005, and 2013. Similarly, the spatial distribution of NH3 emissions exhibited large heterogeneity in 1991, 1998, 2005, and 2013. High emissions occurred in the eastern and central provinces and eastern Sichuan. Based on NH3 emissions in Chinese counties for 1991–1998, 1999–2005, and 2006–2013, the Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to compute the changing trends in NH3 emissions and fertilization rates. The results showed that the NH3 emissions from the major grain‐producing regions increased, whereas those from the eastern provinces, which experienced rapid economic development, decreased. In addition, fertilizer amount, arable land area, grain yield, and primary industry have been shown to be largely correlated to NH3 emissions based on principal component analysis. Therefore, the results of this study have significant implications for improving the efficient use of fertilizers and preventing soil and/or land degradation.
Polarization‐to‐Phase Coupling at a Structured Surface for Plasmonic Structured Illumination Microscopy
Authors: Zhang Chonglei , Du Luping , Xin Ziqiang , Si Guangyuan , Yang Aiping , Lei Ting , Lin Jiao , Yuan Xiaocong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPolarization–phase interaction on the nanoscale is the cause of many unique effects that are absent or weak in traditional optics. These effects enable various applications in physics, nano‐optics, and material science. Here, by making use of a properly designed metasurface, polarization‐to‐phase coupling in a structured surface is investigated. The wavefront of a surface plasmon polariton (SPP), emitted from the metasurface, can be tuned continuously and linearly by changing the incident polarization along the longitudinal line at the Poincaré sphere. This type of phase modulation with polarization enables dynamic control of the wavefront. This is very different from other methods that achieve phase modulation through nano‐structures, which offer little room for tuning after the structure has been completed. As a demonstration of application, a plasmonic structured illumination microscope is achieved, where the near‐field standing‐wave of the SPP is controlled dynamically through the incident polarization. This improves both reliability and stability substantially. Metasurfaces are powerful tools to modulate the wavefront of an electromagnetic field. In combination with structured illumination microscopy (SIM) (the “Meta‐SIM”), this allows more degrees of freedom and should accelerate the progress of SIM technology.
Ring‐Banded Spherulitic Crystals of Poly(3‐butylthiophene) via Controlled Solvent Evaporation
Authors: Armas Jeremy A. , Reynolds Karina J. , Marsh Zachary M. , Stefik Morgan , Scott Gregory E. , Zhang Shanju 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe preparation of ring‐banded spherulites in poly(3‐butylthiophene) via controlled solvent evaporation of solution‐cast films is reported. The spherulites display unusual concentric ring‐banded structures under both polarized and unpolarized lights. The size of the ring‐banded spherulites is 300 ± 100 µm in diameter and the periodicity of the bands is 15 ± 2 µm. The periodic bands of the spherulite consist of alternating ridge and valley surface patterns and the crystalline lamellae in the bands are more or less parallel to the radial growth direction of the spherulites. Local lamellar bending and branching are observed analogous to that of classical non‐conjugated polymers. A possible diffusion‐induced rhythmic growth mechanism is proposed to interpret the formation of periodic banding of the spherulite.
Evidence for the role of FMR1 gray zone alleles as a risk factor for parkinsonism in females
Authors: Loesch Danuta Z. , Tassone Flora , Mellick George D. , Horne Malcolm , Rubio Justin P. , Bui Minh Q. , Francis David , Storey Elsdon 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and Objective There is convincing evidence that small CGG expansion (41‐54 repeats): FMR1 “gray zone” alleles (GZ) contribute to the risk of parkinsonism in males, but there is insufficient corresponding data in females. This study intends to fill this gap.Methods We screened whole‐blood–derived DNA from a cohort of 601 females diagnosed with idiopathic PD, and from dry Guthrie blood spots from a local sample of 1,005 female newborns (population controls), for the size of the FMR1 CGG repeat using a PCR technique.Results We found a significant excess (8.2%) of GZ carriers compared with 5.2% in the control sample, with a P value of 0.009 for the difference in proportions.Conclusion FMR1 gray zone alleles are a significant risk factor for parkinsonism in females. These population data and occasional reports of FXTAS‐like or parkinsonian manifestations in carriers suggest possible mechanisms whereby the effects of these alleles synergize with the existing pathologies underpinning parkinsonism. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Young‐onset multiple system atrophy: Clinical and pathological features
Authors: Batla Amit , De Pablo‐Fernandez Eduardo , Erro Roberto , Reich Martin , Calandra‐Buonaura Giovanna , Barbosa Pedro , Balint Bettina , Ling Helen , Islam Saiful , Cortelli Pietro , Volkmann Jens , Quinn Niall , Holton Janice L. , Warner Thomas T. , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: The onset of multiple system atrophy (MSA) before age 40 years is referred to as “young‐onset MSA.” We identified clinical and pathological characteristics that might help with its early diagnosis and distinction from young‐onset Parkinson's disease and late‐onset MSA.Methods: We reviewed the available clinical and pathological features in cases that fulfilled consensus criteria for diagnosis of probable MSA or had autopsy confirmed MSA with an onset before age 40 years and compared the clinical features with 16 autopsy confirmed cases with young‐onset Parkinson's disease and a large published series of late‐onset MSA from the European MSA Study Group.Results: We identified 22 patients with young‐onset MSA, 8 of whom had available pathology. The mean age of onset was 36.7 years (standard deviation 2.3). Levodopa‐induced dyskinesia was more common, whereas myoclonus and pyramidal signs were less common in young‐onset Parkinson's disease when compared with young‐onset MSA. Dystonia, levodopa responsiveness, levodopa‐induced dyskinesia, and pyramidal signs were more common (P < .05) when compared with the data in late‐onset MSA. On postmortem analysis, the minimal‐change pathological variant was more common in young‐onset MSA (n = 2) than late‐onset MSA (P = .045), with a mean survival of 11.1 ± 3.2 years (range 5.5‐14.6) in pathologically confirmed cases of young‐onset MSA.Conclusion: This study has identified useful differences that may improve diagnostic accuracy, help us understand the pathological basis, and assist clinicians with the early diagnosis of young‐onset MSA. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Morin Exerts Anti‐Arthritic Effects by Attenuating Synovial Angiogenesis via Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor‐γ
Authors: Yue Mengfan , Zeng Ni , Xia Yufeng , Wei Zhifeng , Dai Yue 
Published: August 2018

ScopeMorin, a flavonoid occurring in many dietary plants, can reduce the number of synovial blood vessels and ameliorate collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. Herein, its underlying mechanisms in view of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ) pathway are addressed.Methods and resultsIn vitro, wound‐healing and transwell assays are conducted to explore the effect of morin on HUVECs migration. Morin inhibits HUVECs migration and tube formation induced by VEGF, which is reversed by PPARγ antagonist GW9662 or siPPARγ. Molecular docking and competitive binding assays show that morin could bind to PPARγ. Morin increases the expression of PDK4 and CD36 in a PPARγ‐dependent manner and increases the luciferase activity in cells transfected with PPARγ plasmid, which indicates that morin could activate PPARγ after binding. In addition, morin increases the expression of PTEN, a target gene of PPARγ that suppresses angiogenesis and inhibits PI3K/Akt signaling. The effects of morin on the PTEN‐PI3K/Akt pathway are diminished by GW9662 and siPPARγ. In vivo studies show that morin ameliorates rat CIA, reduces synovial angiogenesis, and upregulates the expression of PTEN in the synovium, which is almost completely abolished by GW9662.ConclusionsMorin is a potential agonist of PPARγ, which attenuates synovial angiogenesis and arthritis via the PPARγ‐PTEN‐PI3K/Akt pathway.
Prostate lesion delineation from multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging based on locality alignment discriminant analysis
Authors: Lin Mingquan , Chen Weifu , Zhao Mingbo , Gibson Eli , Bastian‐Jordan Matthew , Cool Derek W. , Kassam Zahra , Liang Huageng , Chow Tommy W.S. , Ward Aaron D. , Chiu Bernard 
Published: August 2018

PurposeMultiparametric MRI (mpMRI) has shown promise in the detection and localization of prostate cancer foci. Although techniques have been previously introduced to delineate lesions from mpMRI, these techniques were evaluated in datasets with T2 maps available. The generation of T2 map is not included in the clinical prostate mpMRI consensus guidelines; the acquisition of which requires repeated T2‐weighted (T2W) scans and would significantly lengthen the scan time currently required for the clinically recommended acquisition protocol, which includes T2W, diffusion‐weighted (DW), and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) imaging. The goal of this study is to develop and evaluate an algorithm that provides pixel‐accurate lesion delineation from images acquired based on the clinical protocol.MethodsTwenty‐five pixel‐based features were extracted from the T2‐weighted (T2W), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) images. The pixel‐wise classification was performed on the reduced space generated by locality alignment discriminant analysis (LADA), a version of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) localized to patches in the feature space. Postprocessing procedures, including the removal of isolated points identified and filling of holes inside detected regions, were performed to improve delineation accuracy. The segmentation result was evaluated against the lesions manually delineated by four expert observers according to the Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) detection guideline.ResultsThe LADA‐based classifier (60 ± 11%) achieved a higher sensitivity than the LDA‐based classifier (51 ± 10%), thereby demonstrating, for the first time, that higher classification performance was attained on the reduced space generated by LADA than by LDA. Further sensitivity improvement (75 ± 14%) was obtained after postprocessing, approaching the sensitivities attained by previous mpMRI lesion delineation studies in which nonclinical T2 maps were available.ConclusionThe proposed algorithm delineated lesions accurately and efficiently from images acquired following the clinical protocol. The development of this framework may potentially accelerate the clinical uses of mpMRI in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment planning.
An exploration of the experiences of rheumatology nurses counselling patients on methotrexate therapy
Authors: Robinson Sandra M. , Ryan Sarah , Adams Nicola , Hassell Andrew , Walker David 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesMethotrexate is commonly used to treat patients with inflammatory arthritis. A key role of a rheumatology nurse is to educate patients on how to take this drug safely prior to the commencement of treatment. The objective of the present study was to explore the experiences of rheumatology nurses conducting this role, focusing on the content of the consultation and training received to perform the role.MethodsA qualitative phenomenological approach was used. Six semi‐structured interviews were performed with nurses from two hospitals who regularly counsel patients prior to starting methotrexate. The interviews were thematically analysed by two researchers and themes extracted.ResultsFour main themes were identified: (a) using written information to structure the content of the consultation; (b) patients have different information needs; (c) time pressures; and (d) training and evolution of practice. All participants described a lack of confidence when they first started counselling patients commencing methotrexate, with a wide variation in training. Participants reported that patients required different information depending on whether they were commencing this agent on its own or in combination with other drugs. All participants experienced some time pressure.ConclusionsParticipants reported that the majority of the consultation focused on conveying information, with little opportunity for patient interaction and questions. We suggest that there is a clear need for further exploration of these consultations, to identify possible training needs. Participants also used standard written information to guide both the structure and content of the consultation limiting patients’; opportunities to ask questions.
Molecular and immunohistochemical analysis of the urethra of female rats after induced trauma and intravenous therapy with muscle derived stem cells
Authors: Bilhar Andreisa P.M. , Bortolini Maria A.T. , Sé Alexandre B. , Feitosa Suellen M. , Salerno Gisela R.F. , Zanoteli Edmar , Simões Manuel J. , Castro Rodrigo A. 
Published: August 2018

AimsTo identify the urethral migration of muscle derived stem cells (MDSCs) after intravenous (IV) injection in rats that underwent vaginal distension (VD) and to analyze the effects of MDSC in the urethra of rats after trauma in regards to: (1) mRNA expression of collagens, Vegf, Ngf, Ki67, Myh11, and Myh2; (2) expression of smooth and striated muscle proteins.MethodsMDSCs expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) were injected into the tail vein of rats 3 days after VD. The location of GFP cells was verified at 2 h and at 7 days following IV injection. Urethras of three groups were analyzed: Control, Trauma 7D, and MDSC 7D. Real‐time RT‐qPCR and immunohistochemistry were performed.ResultsMDSCs were identified only after 2 h of the procedure in the urethra. Myh11 gene was overexpressed in the Trauma group in relation to Control. Ki67 gene expression was increased in the MDSC group relative to Trauma and Control. Col1a1 and Col3a1 genes expression were increased in the MDSC group relative to Control. Ngf mRNA level was decreased in the MDSC group in relation to Trauma. Protein expression of Mhy11, Myh2, and Desmin were increased in the MDSC group in relation to Trauma and decreased in the Trauma in relation to Control.ConclusionMDSCs migrated early to the traumatized urethra, but did not integrate into the tissue. MDSC alters the expression of genes related to cell proliferation, neural growth factor and extracellular matrix and the expression of smooth and striated muscle proteins in the traumatized rat urethra.
Breast cancer in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Johnson Rebecca H. , Anders Carey K. , Litton Jennifer K. , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Bleyer Archie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer of adolescents and young adult (AYA) women aged 15 to 39 years, accounting for 5.6% of all invasive breast cancer in women. In comparison with older women, AYAs are more likely to have familial cancer predisposition genes, larger breast tumors, unfavorable biological characteristics, distant metastatic disease at diagnosis, and adverse outcome. Endocrine therapy and some chemotherapy recommendations differ between young and older women. AYAs require coordinated multidisciplinary care, treatment regimens that minimize late effects such as premature menopause and osteoporosis, and proactive management of psychological and sexual health during and after cancer treatment.
Parent perspectives on oncology team communication regarding neurocognitive impacts of cancer therapy and school reentry
Authors: Ruble Kathy , Paré‐Blagoev Juliana , Cooper Stacy , Martin Allison , Jacobson Lisa A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundNeurocognitive deficits are common after childhood cancer and impact academic performance. Parents need to be knowledgeable of long‐term complications impacting school and the resources necessary to support educational achievement. The oncology team plays an important role in preparing parents for the challenges of returning to school after treatment.MethodsAn online survey developed by parents and stakeholders was used to assess parent experiences and preferences associated with oncology team support around neurocognitive deficits and school transition. Recruitment included social media sites, foundation contacts, and clinic/event flyers. Topics included information content, timing, and frequency of information; and utility or perceived value of information. Inclusion criteria included respondent identifying as a parent (caregiver) of child treated for cancer who has returned to school.ResultsSurveys from 203 parents were completed representing diverse geographic locations. Nearly half (48%) did not recall receiving information about neurocognitive deficits. The most frequently reported time to receive this information was at diagnosis, but parents reported a need for conversations throughout the cancer trajectory, especially at transition to survivorship and school reentry. In addition, half of the parents (51%) felt inadequately prepared for the return to school. Information about neuropsychological testing, resources for learning difficulties, educational terms, and legal rights related to school services were the topics most inadequately provided.ConclusionsParents feel inadequately prepared by their oncology team for their child's return to school. Research is needed to identify effective oncology team approaches to fill the gaps in knowledge around school reentry after cancer treatment.