bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of the Same Reaction Monitored over Nine Orders of Magnitude in Concentration: When Are Unique Subensemble and Single‐Turnover Reactivity Displayed?
Authors: Easter Quinn T. , Blum Suzanne A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEssentially no information is known about the behavior of individual molecular catalysts under reaction conditions. This is a result of the averaging inherent to traditional analytical techniques. Herein, a combined fluorescence microscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy study reveals that unique (that is, non‐ensemble averaged) distributions and time‐variable kinetics from molecular ruthenium catalysts within growing polynorbornene occur and are detectable between 10−9 m and 10−6 m of substrate, surprisingly just 1000‐fold less concentrated than a typical laboratory bench‐scale reaction. The kinetic states governing single‐turnover events are determinable by overlay of the signal arising from individual monomer insertion reactions with that from polymer growth from neighboring catalysts.
Cyclopentene Annulations of Alkene Radical Cations with Vinyl Diazo Species Using Photocatalysis
Authors: Sarabia Francisco J. , Li Qiankun , Ferreira Eric M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA direct (3+2) cycloaddition between alkenes and vinyl diazo reagents using either Cr or Ru photocatalysis is described. The intermediacy of a radical cation species enables a nucleophilic interception by vinyl diazo compounds, a departure from their traditional electrophilic behavior. A variety of cyclopentenes are synthesized using this method, and experimental insights implicate a direct cycloaddition instead of a cyclopropanation/rearrangement process.
Alkali Metal Species in the Reversible Activation of H2
Authors: Xu Maotong , Jupp Andrew R. , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Stephan Douglas W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMP(tBu)2 (M=Li, Na, K), KH and KN(SiMe3)2 are shown to activate HD reversibly. In the case of MP(tBu)2 this leads to isotopic scrambling and the formation of H2, D2, H(D)P(tBu)2 and MH(D) in C6D6. In toluene, KP(tBu)2 reacts with H2 but also leads to isotopic scrambling into the methyl groups of the solvent toluene. DFT calculations reveal that these systems effect H2 activation via cooperative interactions with the Lewis acidic alkali metal and the basic phosphorus, carbanion, or hydride centres, mimicking frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) behaviour.
Discrete Car‐Following Model and its Feedback Control Scheme
Authors: Zhu Wen‐Xing , Zhang Li‐Dong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we discretize continuous car‐following model into a difference equation. With the use of discrete control theory, the discrete car‐following model was linearized and the impulse transfer function was obtained. Based on the definition of traffic jam, one Lemma was proposed to judge system stability and two theorems were given to judge the non‐jam conditions for controlled and uncontrolled systems. Moreover, the feedback gain was designed for a controlled system. Numerical simulations were conducted to show the validity of the discrete car‐following model and control scheme. The results are in agreement with the theoretical results.
Upregulated IQUB promotes cell proliferation and migration via activating Akt/GSK3β/β‐catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer
Authors: Li Kai , Ma Yan‐bin , Zhang Zun , Tian Yi‐hao , Xu Xiao‐long , He Yan‐qi , Xu Liu , Gao Yang , Pan Wen‐ting , Song Wen‐jing , He Xin , Wei Lei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBreast cancer was the highest incidence of tumor in women, which seriously threaten women's health. Our previous study found that the expression of IQUB (IQ motif and ubiquitin domain containing) was significantly increased in the development of breast cancer by transcriptome sequencing. However, there were no studies on the mechanism of IQUB in tumorigenesis. Further study showed that IQUB expression was significantly increased in breast cancer, which had a significantly positive correlation with pathological differentiation of breast cancer by tissue microarray analysis. Furthermore, we also discovered that IQUB overexpression could obviously promote the proliferation and migration of MCF‐7 cells and increase the proportion of MCF‐7 cells in S and G2/M phase in vitro study, while knockdown of IQUB caused inhibition of cell proliferation and migration in MDA‐MB‐231 cells and increased the proportion of MDA‐MB‐231 cells in G1 phase. Furthermore, IQUB overexpression or knockdown combined with treatment of Licl or MG‐132 showed that IQUB activated Akt to promote GSK3β phosphorylation, which in turn activated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. Taken together, these results indicated that upregulated IQUB promoted breast cancer cell proliferation and migration via activating Akt/GSK3β/β‐catenin signaling pathway, which played an important part in the tumorigenesis and development of breast cancer.
Correlation between negative expression of pepsinogen C and a series of phenotypic markers of gastric cancer in different gastric diseases
Authors: Jiang Jingyi , Shen Shixuan , Dong Nannan , Liu Jingwei , Xu Qian , Sun Liping , Yuan Yuan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGastric tumorigenesis is a multistep process initiated by chronic superficial gastritis (SG), followed by atrophic gastritis (AG), then intestinal metaplasia (IM), and finally by dysplasia and adenocarcinoma according to the Correa model. Pepsinogen C (PGC) decreases gradually during progression of cancer, which makes PGC an ideal negative marker for GC. To explore the correlation between PGC and other positive tumor markers in different gastric diseases, we observed the expression of PGC, MG7‐Ag, MMP9, NM23, Ki‐67, and E‐cadherin by immunohistochemistry, quantitative RT‐PCR, and immunoblot analysis. Our results showed that in SG, PGC was highly expressed while malignant phenotype markers were rarely expressed. In contrast with SG, malignant phenotype markers were highly expressed while the positive rate of PGC reached only 1.44% in GC. So there was no coexpression of PGC and malignant phenotype markers in SG or GC tissues. Only in the AG group, which is well‐known to be gastric precancerous disease, coexpression of PGC and malignant phenotype markers was detected. Our results suggested that the expression of PGC in AG was negatively correlated with that of MG7‐Ag and MMP9. Of all AG, those with low expression of PGC and high expression of MG7‐Ag and MMP9 may possess a greater potential of malignant transformation. Combined detection of negative marker PGC and positive markers MG7‐Ag and MMP9 could be used as a potential follow‐up panel for monitoring dynamical progression of AG and improving the detection efficiency of high‐risk individuals of gastric cancer, and then taking necessary interventions on the target population.
Streptococcus pneumoniae, an unusual cause of early‐onset neonatal sepsis and necrotizing pneumonia
Authors: Apilánez Urquiola Miren Alicia , Sardón Prado Olaia , Korta Murua Javier , Corcuera Elosegui Paula , Cortajarena Miguel Ángel 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageVertically transmitted sepsis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae has a low incidence, and vaginal colonization among pregnant women is exceptional. Necrotizing pneumonia is uncommon in immunocompetent term neonates, and the prognosis is uncertain. At present, systematic screening does not seem warranted in pregnant women. Therefore, aggressive treatment of neonates remains the best treatment.
Enhancement of Carbon Oxides Hydrogenation on Iron‐Based Nanoparticles by In‐Situ Water Removal
Authors: Bordet Alexis , Asensio Juan Manuel , Soulantica Katerina , Chaudret Bruno 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe carbidization of Fe(0) nanoparticles (NPs) under syngas (CO/H2) produces crystalline Fe2.2C iron carbide NPs (ICNPs) displaying excellent hyperthermia properties, however, this transformation is significantly delayed by the concomitant water formation. Consequently, very long carbidization times (∼140 h) are needed to obtain ICNPs with high specific absorption rate. In this paper, we show that the rate of the carbidization process can be greatly enhanced by the in‐situ removal of water using activated molecular sieves. As a result, ICNPs displaying very high heating power were obtained after only 40 h. Using this strategy, CO was successfully replaced by CO2 as a carbon source in the carbidization process, resulting in the efficient conversion of Fe(0) NPs to ICNPs at relatively low temperature (230 °C). Without water removal, carbidization did not occur under these conditions, and the Fe(0) NPs were clearly oxidized. In addition, this approach was successfully applied to displace the equilibrium of CO2 hydrogenation and accelerate the rate of the magnetically induced hydrogenation of CO2 on ICNPs. Interestingly, the in‐situ water removal had also a strong influence on the product distribution and especially the chain growth process, leading to a higher selectivity towards the formation of C3H8 (∼11 %).
Group cognitive–behavioural treatment with long‐term follow‐up and targeting self‐identity for hoarding disorder: An open trial
Authors: O'Connor Kieron , Bodryzlova Yuliya , Audet Jean‐Sébastien , Koszegi Natalia , Bergeron Karine , Guitard Annik 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundGroup cognitive–behavioural therapy (G‐CBT) for hoarding disorder (HD) may be an intervention of choice, considering its efficacy, low costs, and impact on comorbid anxiety and depression. But although G‐CBT and modifications of G‐CBT have been applied, none has assessed G‐CBT efficacy at follow‐up. In the current open‐label pilot study, we tested the efficacy of G‐CBT at posttreatment and 6‐month follow‐up and whether the inclusion of targeted reasoning and self‐identity components added to G‐CBT efficacy.MethodsParticipants (n = 16) with the HD according to the DSM‐5 criteria without major comorbid conditions and not requiring immediate medical intervention were retained. The intervention included a 20‐week G‐CBT with the inclusion of modules on reasoning and self‐identity.ResultsVery large/large effect sizes, depending on the outcome measure, were observed at posttreatment. Also, HD severity decreased from posttreatment to 6‐month follow‐up. All participants showed reliable change from pretreatment to follow‐up.ConclusionsThe results emphasize the efficacy of G‐CBT with additional targeted reasoning and self‐components.
Deceptive ecological status of urban streams and rivers—evidence from diatom indices
Authors: Szczepocka Ewelina , Nowicka‐Krawczyk Paulina , Kruk Andrzej 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUrbanization directly affects the ecological status of streams and rivers: Their beds and drainage basins are often heavily transformed and their habitat conditions disturbed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the extent of human impact in streams in the city of Łódź, Central Poland (~700,000 inhabitants), by pattern recognition analysis of benthic diatom assemblage samples using a Kohonen artificial neural network, principal component analysis, and indicator species analysis. The study also determined the ecological status of the streams using five diatom indices: Multimetric Diatom Index, Specific Pollution Sensitivity Index, Generic Diatom Index, Biological Diatom Index, and Trophic Diatom Index. The samples demonstrated considerable variation in ecological status. Examples of poor and bad ecological status were observed, clearly resulting from strong human pressure; however, good status and moderate status were also recorded, both at natural sites and, unexpectedly, those which were severely transformed, whose beds were covered with concrete and which were located downstream from combined sewer overflows. Such sites demonstrated high water conductivity of up to 1440 μS/cm, but this was accompanied by other more favorable conditions: The water flowed from upstream stretches enclosed in downtown underground canals with a fast current, low water temperature, and high average concentration of dissolved oxygen (approximately 10 mg/dm3). These conditions had a mitigating effect, shaping the diatom assemblages to a specific form with the highest species richness and the highest number of indicator taxa observed in the study. In summary, the hydromorphological transformation of streambeds may result in seemingly good ecological status at heavily degraded sites. Therefore, conclusions based on diatom‐based biomonitoring of urban streams and rivers should be drawn with caution.
Assessing Civic and Intercultural Competency in Higher Education: The ETS HEIghten® Approach
Authors: Liu Ou Lydia , Roohr Katrina Crotts , Rios Joseph A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEconomic globalization and interdisciplinary advancements have increased the demand for college graduates to possess transferable skills that would allow them to contribute effectively to the modern workforce. In particular, transferable competencies such as civic competency and intercultural competency are critical for colleges to prepare responsible citizens and productive workers. Despite the recognized importance, the choice and quality of assessment for such competencies have been fairly limited due to the challenges in defining such complex, multidimensional constructs and identifying item types that can adequately assess them. In this report, we describe the principles we followed to operationalize definitions for civic competency and intercultural competency and the process we followed to design assessments for these 2 competencies. Findings from a large‐scale pilot test are reported. Results showed that these multidimensional constructs can be adequately assessed and that there is room for students to improve in these areas. Implications for higher education institutions on how to promote these critical competencies are discussed.
Dynamic controller assignment problem in software‐defined networks
Authors: Zhang Bang , Wang Xingwei , Huang Min 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn large‐scale software‐defined networks, multiple controllers need to be deployed in order to guarantee network reliability and scalability in a cooperative way, where the assignment of multiple controllers and switches is very significant and usually consists of static controller assignment and dynamic controller assignment. However, static mapping among controllers and switches is not adequately efficient and realistic due to the dynamic network traffic load. To this end, this paper pays attention to and solves the dynamic controller assignment problem. We propose an adaptive controller assignment scheme for multiple controllers, and it can dynamically adjust the number of active controllers and the mapping relationship among controllers and switches by three algorithms. (1) When some controllers are overloaded, that is, the load ratio of controllers reaches a certain level, other controllers are activated to share the load of these controllers. (2) When some controllers are lightly loaded, these controllers are deactivated to reduce the control traffic overhead and improve controller utilization. (3) To further improve network performance, the load among controllers is balanced after reassignment. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive controller assignment scheme has better performance than others in terms of flow setup time, control traffic overhead, and controller load balance, comprehensively.
Effect of active lipid‐based coating incorporated with nanoclay and orange peel essential oil on physicochemical properties of Citrus sinensis
Authors: Nasirifar Seyedeh Zahra , Maghsoudlou Yahya , Oliyaei Najme 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the different lipid‐based coating on the physicochemical properties and shelf life of blood orange. In this study, four different carnauba wax coatings formula were used: carnauba wax, carnauba wax incorporated with orange peel essential oil (OPEO) (1%), carnauba wax with montmorillonite nanoclay (MMT) (2%), and carnauba wax combination by OPEO (0.5%) and MMT (1%). Physicochemical properties (total phenol content, antioxidant activity, °Brix, titratable acidity, vitamin C, color, firmness, and pH) of fruits were determined throughout the storage. According to the results, carnauba wax with MMT was better than the other treatments. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in carnauba wax coating containing MMT and total phenol and DDPH gained 733.00 ± 1.204 (mg gallic acid/100 g) and 78.327 ± 0/364%, respectively, at 100th day. Blood orange coated by carnauba wax with MMT had the least of deformation and dissolved solid and the highest acidity rather than other treatments. Moreover, time storage and coating had significant effect on vitamin C content in which maximum and minimum amount was observed in wax coating incorporated by MMT and combination with MMT and OPEO treatments, respectively. Fruits coating with MMT showed better brightness.
Presurgical language fMRI: Technical practices in epilepsy surgical planning
Authors: Benjamin Christopher F. A. , Dhingra Isha , Li Alexa X. , Blumenfeld Hal , Alkawadri Rafeed , Bickel Stephan , Helmstaedter Christoph , Meletti Stefano , Bronen Richard A. , Warfield Simon K. , Peters Jurriaan M. , Reutens David , Połczyńska Monika M. , Hirsch Lawrence J. , Spencer Dennis D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLittle is known about how language functional MRI (fMRI) is executed in clinical practice in spite of its widespread use. Here we comprehensively documented its execution in surgical planning in epilepsy. A questionnaire focusing on cognitive design, image acquisition, analysis and interpretation, and practical considerations was developed. Individuals responsible for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting clinical language fMRI data at 63 epilepsy surgical programs responded. The central finding was of marked heterogeneity in all aspects of fMRI. Most programs use multiple tasks, with a fifth routinely using 2, 3, 4, or 5 tasks with a modal run duration of 5 min. Variants of over 15 protocols are in routine use with forms of noun–verb generation, verbal fluency, and semantic decision‐making used most often. Nearly all aspects of data acquisition and analysis vary markedly. Neither of the two best‐validated protocols was used by more than 10% of respondents. Preprocessing steps are broadly consistent across sites, language‐related blood flow is most often identified using general linear modeling (76% of respondents), and statistical thresholding typically varies by patient (79%). The software SPM is most often used. fMRI programs inconsistently include input from experts with all required skills (imaging, cognitive assessment, MR physics, statistical analysis, and brain–behavior relationships). These data highlight marked gaps between the evidence supporting fMRI and its clinical application. Teams performing language fMRI may benefit from evaluating practice with reference to the best‐validated protocols to date and ensuring individuals trained in all aspects of fMRI are involved to optimize patient care.
Neural correlates of gender congruence in audiovisual commercials for gender‐targeted products: An fMRI study
Authors: Casado‐Aranda Luis‐Alberto , Van der Laan Laura Nynke , Sánchez‐Fernández Juan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article explores neural and self‐report responses to gender congruence in product‐voice combinations in commercials. An fMRI study was carried out in which participants (n = 30) were presented with gender‐targeted pictures of characteristic male or female products accompanied by either gender congruent or incongruent voices. The findings show that attitudes are more positive toward commercials with gender congruent than with gender incongruent product‐voice combinations. fMRI analyses revealed that primary visual brain areas, namely calcarine and cuneus, responded stronger to congruent than incongruent combinations suggesting that participants enhanced their endogenous attention toward congruent commercials. Incongruent combinations, by contrast, elicited stronger activation in areas related to the perception of conflicts in information processing and error monitoring, such as the supramarginal, inferior parietal gyri and superior, and middle temporal gyri. Interestingly, increased activation in the posterior cingulate cortex (an area related to value encoding) predicted more positive attitudes toward congruent commercials. Together, these results advance our understanding of the neural correlates of processing congruent and incongruent audiovisual stimuli. These findings may advice advertising professionals in designing successful campaigns of everyday products, namely by making use of congruent instead of incongruent product‐voice combinations.
White matter microstructure in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Phillipou Andrea , Carruthers Sean P. , Di Biase Maria A. , Zalesky Andrew , Abel Larry A. , Castle David J. , Gurvich Caroline , Rossell Susan L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe neurobiological underpinnings of anorexia nervosa (AN) are unclear. White matter deficits have been described in the illness, but findings are inconsistent between studies. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in white matter microstructure in AN using diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI). It was hypothesised that people with AN, relative to a healthy control (HC) group, would show decreased functional anisotropy (FA) and increased mean diffusivity (MD) in the fornix and superior longitudinal fasciculus, consistent with previous literature. Analyses were conducted on 23 females with AN and 26 age‐ and gender‐matched HCs using tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS). The results revealed widespread FA decreases and MD increases in the AN group. Our hypothesis was largely supported, although FA differences were not specifically found in the fornix. The findings suggest extensive differences in white matter structure in AN, which may contribute to AN pathophysiology.
Simulating saturation‐excess surface run‐off in a semi‐distributed hydrological model
Authors: Hughes Denis Arthur , Mazibuko Sbongiseni 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe level of complexity, and the number of parameters, to include in a hydrological model is a relatively contentious issue in hydrological modelling. However, it can be argued that explicitly representing important run‐off generation processes can improve the practical value of a model's outputs. This paper explores the benefits of including a new function into an existing semi‐distributed hydrological model (the Pitman model) that is widely used in the sub‐Saharan Africa region. The new function was designed to represent saturation‐excess surface run‐off processes at subcatchment scales and was motivated by the evidence of dambo (low topography riparian areas) type features in many sub‐Saharan river basins. The results for uncertainty versions of the model, with and without the new function, were compared for 25 catchments, which were divided up into those where evidence of dambos exists and those where there is no such evidence. The results suggest that the new function certainly improves the model results for the catchments where dambos exist, but not in situations where saturation‐excess surface run‐off is not expected to occur. The overall conclusion is therefore that the addition of the new function is justified.
Interaction of 4‐Oxo‐4H‐pyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazin‐1‐ides with Grignard Reagents
Authors: Ivanov Sergey M. , Shestopalov Anatoliy M. 
Published: July 2018

Reactions of magnesium 3‐tert‐butyl‐8‐R‐4‐oxo‐4H‐pyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazin‐1‐ides (R = CN, CO2Et) with AlkMgBr led to nucleophilic additions to either side chain or triazine core, with selectivity being dependent on the nature of substituents, as well as on the solvents used. Previously inaccessible C8‐functionalized and C4‐functionalized pyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazines and 3‐tert‐butyl‐3‐ethyl‐4‐oxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazine were synthesized, and their reactivity and spectral data discussed.