bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination and Treatment of Disorders of Primary Haemostasis
Authors: Weippert-Kretschmer M. , Kretschmer V. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPerioperative bleeding complications due to disorders of primary haemostasis are often underestimated. Routine determination of primary haemostasis is still problematic. The in vivo bleeding time (BT) shows low sensitivity and high variability. In this contribution the results and experiences with the IVBT having been obtained in various studies and during 10 years of routine use are reported. Patients and Methods: Blood donors before and after ASA ingestion, patients with thrombocytopenia as well as congenital and acquired platelet function disorders. Monitoring of desmopressin efficacy. IVBT with Thrombostat 4000 (tests with CaCl2 = TST-CaCl2 and ADP = TST-ADP) and PFA-100 (test cartridges with epinephrine = PFA-EPI and ADP = PFA-ADP). Results and Conclusions: IVBT becomes abnormal with platelet counts <100,000/μl. With platelet counts <50,000/μl the results are mostly outside the methodical range. IVBT proved clearly superior to BT in von Willebrand syndrome (vWS). All 16 patients with vWS were detected by PFA-EPI, whereas with BT 7 of 10 patients with moderate and 1 of 6 patients with mild forms of vWS were spotted. The majority of acquired and congenital platelet function disorders with relevant bleeding tendency were detectable by IVBT. Sometimes diagnostic problems arose in case of storage pool defect. Four to 12 h after ingestion of a single dose of 100 mg ASA the TST-CaCl2 became abnormal in all cases, the PFA-EPI only in 80%. However, the ASA sensitivity of TST-CaCl2 proved even too high when looking for perioperative bleeding complications in an urological study. Therefore, the lower ASS sensitivity of the PFA-100 seems to be rather advantageous for the estimation of a real bleeding risk. The good efficacy of desmopressin in the majority of cases with mild thrombocytopenia, congenital and acquired platelet function disorders and even ASS-induced platelet dysfunction could be proven by means of the IVBT. Thus IVBT may help to increase the reliability of the therapy. However, the IVBT with the PFA-100 is not yet fully developed. Nevertheless, routine use can be recommended when special methodical guidelines are followed.
Usability Assessment of Secure Messaging for Clinical Document Sharing between Health Care Providers and Patients
Authors: Jahn Michelle , Porter Brian , Patel Himalaya , Zillich Alan , Simon Steven , Russ Alissa 
Published: June 2018

Background Web-based patient portals feature secure messaging systems that enable health care providers and patients to communicate information. However, little is known about the usability of these systems for clinical document sharing.
Objective This article evaluates the usability of a secure messaging system for providers and patients in terms of its ability to support sharing of electronic clinical documents.
Methods We conducted usability testing with providers and patients in a human–computer interaction laboratory at a Midwestern U.S. hospital. Providers sent a medication list document to a fictitious patient via secure messaging. Separately, patients retrieved the clinical document from a secure message and returned it to a fictitious provider. We collected use errors, task completion, task time, and satisfaction.
Results Twenty-nine individuals participated: 19 providers (6 physicians, 6 registered nurses, and 7 pharmacists) and 10 patients. Among providers, 11 (58%) attached and sent the clinical document via secure messaging without requiring assistance, in a median (range) of 4.5 (1.8–12.7) minutes. No patients completed tasks without moderator assistance. Patients accessed the secure messaging system within 3.6 (1.2–15.0) minutes; retrieved the clinical document within 0.8 (0.5–5.7) minutes; and sent the attached clinical document in 6.3 (1.5–18.1) minutes. Although median satisfaction ratings were high, with 5.8 for providers and 6.0 for patients (scale, 0–7), we identified 36 different use errors. Physicians and pharmacists requested additional features to support care coordination via health information technology, while nurses requested features to support efficiency for their tasks.
Conclusion This study examined the usability of clinical document sharing, a key feature of many secure messaging systems. Our results highlight similarities and differences between provider and patient end-user groups, which can inform secure messaging design to improve learnability and efficiency. The observations suggest recommendations for improving the technical aspects of secure messaging for clinical document sharing.
Dissecting the neurofunctional bases of intentional action
Authors: Zapparoli Laura , Seghezzi Silvia , Scifo Paola , Zerbi Alberto , Banfi Giuseppe , Tettamanti Marco , Paulesu Eraldo 
Published: June 2018

Significance
We provide evidence that our intentions can be fragmented in various components subserved by partially dissociable neural circuits. We found that the decision of what to do, when to do it, and whether to do it depends on separable systems that go beyond the mesial prefrontal wall of previous proposals, involving cortical and subcortical brain regions in a component-specific manner. In addition, we found that deciding whether to act or not requires strong interhemispheric interactions of the frontal lobes. This explicit evidence of dissociable neural foundations of intentional actions will guide the exploration of brain disorders of specific components of intentionality.
SLIDE – a web-based tool for interactive visualization of large-scale – omics data
Authors: Ghosh Soumita , Datta Abhik , Tan Kaisen , Choi Hyungwon 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Summary
Data visualization is often regarded as a post hoc step for verifying statistically significant results in the analysis of high-throughput datasets. This common practice leaves a large amount of raw data behind, from which more information can be extracted. However, existing solutions do not provide capabilities to explore large-scale raw datasets using biologically sensible queries, nor do they allow user interaction based real-time customization of graphics. To address these drawbacks, we have designed an open-source, web-based tool called Systems-Level Interactive Data Exploration, or SLIDE to visualize large-scale -omics data interactively. SLIDE’s interface makes it easier for scientists to explore quantitative expression data in multiple resolutions in a single screen.

Availability and implementation
SLIDE is publicly available under BSD license both as an online version as well as a stand-alone version at https://github.com/soumitag/SLIDE.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
pyseer: a comprehensive tool for microbial pangenome-wide association studies
Authors: Lees John A , Galardini Marco , Bentley Stephen D , Weiser Jeffrey N , Corander Jukka 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Summary
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in microbes have different challenges to GWAS in eukaryotes. These have been addressed by a number of different methods. pyseer brings these techniques together in one package tailored to microbial GWAS, allows greater flexibility of the input data used, and adds new methods to interpret the association results.

Availability and implementation
pyseer is written in python and is freely available at https://github.com/mgalardini/pyseer, or can be installed through pip. Documentation and a tutorial are available at http://pyseer.readthedocs.io.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Adapting a health equity tool to meet professional needs (Québec, Canada)
Authors: Anne Guichard , Émilie Tardieu , Kareen Nour , Ginette Lafontaine , Valéry Ridde 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
While numerous tools are available to better incorporate equity into population health actions, they are limited mainly by their lack of adaptation to professional practices and organizational realities. A study was conducted in Québec to identify and understand, from the perspective of future users, conditions that would facilitate use of a tool (Reflex-ISS) targeted at supporting collaborative action to improve consideration of social inequalities in health (SIH) within population health actions. Concept mapping and focus groups were implemented as complementary methods for investigating the conditions. Significant results that emerged were strong participant interest in the tool and the need for resources to better take SIH into account. The conditions for use that were identified referred to the tool itself (user-friendliness and literacy) and to resources for appropriating the tool, competency development, as well as the role and responsibilities of organizations and policies in promoting use of the tool in daily activities and more fundamentally in acting against SIH in general. Models for organizational innovation give an idea of the dimensions that need to be considered to strengthen the integration of equity into organizations and to support the changes in practice that result from using the tool. They provide a reminder that a health equity tool cannot be the cornerstone of an organizational strategy to fight against SIH; rather, it must be incorporated as part of a systemic strategy of professional and organizational development.
Benthic biodiversity on old platforms, young wind farms, and rocky reefs
Authors: Coolen Joop W P , van der Weide Babeth , Cuperus Joël , Blomberg Maxime , Van Moorsel Godfried W N M , Faasse Marco A , Bos Oscar G , Degraer Steven , Lindeboom Han J 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The introduction of artificial hard substrates in an area dominated by a sandy seabed increases habitat available to epifouling organisms. To investigate this, samples were taken on old offshore oil and gas platforms, and data were compared with data of a young wind farm and a natural reef. Depth, sampling date, abundance of Mytilus edulis, Psammechinus miliaris, Metridium dianthus, and the presence of Tubulariidae and substrate (rock or steel) all correlated with species richness. Multivariate analysis showed a large overlap in communities on steel and rock and between the wind farm and platforms. The community changed over a gradient from deep rocks to shallow steel substrate, but no strong community differentiation was observed. Deep steel was more similar to natural rocks than shallow steel. When an artificial reef is intended to be colonized by communities similar to those on a natural reef, its structure should resemble a natural reef as much as possible.
How fishing intensity affects the spatial and trophic ecology of two gull species breeding in sympatry
Authors: Matos Diana M , Ramos Jaime A , Calado Joana G , Ceia Filipe R , Hey Jessica , Paiva Vitor H 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Fisheries produce large quantities of discards, an important resource for scavenging seabirds. However, a policy reform banning discards, which is soon to be implemented within the EU, will impose a food shortage upon scavengers, and it is still largely unknown how scavengers will behave. We studied the diet (hard remains), trophic (stable isotope analysis), and foraging (individual tracking) ecology of two gull species breeding in sympatry: Audouin’s gull Larus audouinii (AG) and yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis (YLG), in South Portugal, under normal fishery activity (NFA; work days) and low fishery activity (LFA; weekends), over two consecutive years. We established a pattern of dietary, spatial, and temporal segregation between the two gull species. Under LFA, yellow-legged gulls reduced their time spent at-sea, thus foraging more in alternative habitats (e.g. refuse dumps) and widening their isotopic niche (i.e. generalist behaviour). Contrastingly, Audouin’s gull had a narrower trophic niche (i.e. specialist behaviour), foraging exclusively at-sea, reducing the amount of demersal fish and increasing the amount of pelagic fish in their diet. Under NFA, both species foraged mostly at-sea, feeding almost exclusively on fish, with increased consumption of demersal species (i.e. fishery discards). In general, yellow-legged gull had a broader trophic niche (i.e. generalist behaviour) when compared with the narrower isotopic niche of Audouin’s gull (i.e. specialist behaviour). Overall, both gull species relied heavily on fishery discards. However, there was visible dietary, spatial, and temporal segregation between the two species, associated with their dietary and habitat preferences that could be attributed to the availability of anthropogenic resources, such as fishery discards.
Error analysis of non inf-sup stable discretizations of the time-dependent Navier–Stokes equations with local projection stabilization
Authors: de Frutos Javier , García-Archilla Bosco , John Volker , Novo Julia 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This paper studies non inf-sup stable finite element approximations to the evolutionary Navier–Stokes equations. Several local projection stabilization (LPS) methods corresponding to different stabilization terms are analyzed, thereby separately studying the effects of the different stabilization terms. Error estimates are derived in which the constants are independent of inverse powers of the viscosity. For one of the methods, using velocity and pressure finite elements of degree $l$, it will be proved that the velocity error in $L^\infty (0,T;L^2(\varOmega ))$ decays with rate $l+1/2$ in the case that $\nu \le h$, with $\nu$ being the dimensionless viscosity and $h$ being the mesh width. In the analysis of another method it was observed that the convective term can be bounded in an optimal way with the LPS stabilization of the pressure gradient. Numerical studies confirm the analytical results.
Smashing the strict hierarchy: three cases of clinical decision support malfunctions involving carvedilol
Authors: Wright Adam , Wright Aileen P , Aaron Skye , Sittig Dean F 
Published: June 2018

AbstractClinical vocabularies allow for standard representation of clinical concepts, and can also contain knowledge structures, such as hierarchy, that facilitate the creation of maintainable and accurate clinical decision support (CDS). A key architectural feature of clinical hierarchies is how they handle parent-child relationships — specifically whether hierarchies are strict hierarchies (allowing a single parent per concept) or polyhierarchies (allowing multiple parents per concept). These structures handle subsumption relationships (ie, ancestor and descendant relationships) differently. In this paper, we describe three real-world malfunctions of clinical decision support related to incorrect assumptions about subsumption checking for β-blocker, specifically carvedilol, a non-selective β-blocker that also has α-blocker activity. We recommend that 1) CDS implementers should learn about the limitations of terminologies, hierarchies, and classification, 2) CDS implementers should thoroughly test CDS, with a focus on special or unusual cases, 3) CDS implementers should monitor feedback from users, and 4) electronic health record (EHR) and clinical content developers should offer and support polyhierarchical clinical terminologies, especially for medications.
Development of an algorithm to link electronic health record prescriptions with pharmacy dispense claims
Authors: Hoopes Megan , Angier Heather , Raynor Lewis A , Suchocki Andrew , Muench John , Marino Miguel , Rivera Pedro , Huguet Nathalie 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Objective
Medication adherence is an important aspect of chronic disease management. Electronic health record (EHR) data are often not linked to dispensing data, limiting clinicians’ understanding of which of their patients fill their medications, and how to tailor care appropriately. We aimed to develop an algorithm to link EHR prescribing to claims-based dispensing data and use the results to quantify how often patients with diabetes filled prescribed chronic disease medications.

Materials and Methods
We developed an algorithm linking EHR prescribing data (RxNorm terminology) to claims-based dispensing data (NDC terminology), within sample of adult (19-64) community health center (CHC) patients with diabetes from a network of CHCs across 12 states. We demonstrate an application of the method by calculating dispense rates for a set of commonly prescribed diabetes and cardio-protective medications. To further inform clinical care, we computed adjusted odds ratios of dispense by patient-, encounter-, and clinic-level characteristics.

Results
Seventy-six percent of cardio-protective medication prescriptions and 74% of diabetes medications were linked to a dispensing record. Age, income, ethnicity, insurance, assigned primary care provider, comorbidity, time on EHR, and clinic size were significantly associated with odds of dispensing.

Discussion
EHR prescriptions and pharmacy dispense data can be linked at the record level across different terminologies. Dispensing rates in this low-income population with diabetes were similar to other populations.

Conclusion
Record linkage resulted in the finding that CHC patients with diabetes largely had their chronic disease medications dispensed. Understanding factors associated with dispensing rates highlight barriers and opportunities for optimal disease management.
Crowdfunding, Efficiency, and Inequality
Authors: Grüner Hans Peter , Siemroth Christoph 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We show how decentralized individual investments can efficiently allocate capital to innovating firms via equity crowdfunding. We develop a model where consumers have privately known consumption preferences and may act as investors. Consumers identify worthwhile investments based on their own preferences and invest in firms whose product they like. In the presence of aggregate demand uncertainty, an efficient capital allocation is achieved if all groups of consumers have enough liquidity to invest. If some groups of consumers cannot invest, capital flows reflect preferences of liquid investors but not future demand. Comparing with traditional financing forms, crowdfunding in the absence of liquidity constraints can be superior unless traditional financiers are fully competitive and perfectly informed.
Waiting time distributions of solar and stellar flares: Poisson process or with memory?
Authors: Li C , Zhong S J , Xu Z G , He H , Yan Y , Chen P F , Fang C 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We present the waiting time statistics of solar flares observed during the solar cycle 23 and of stellar flares produced by a solar-type star (KIC 11551430). The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test is applied to examine the reliability of Poisson hypothesis for the flare production. Different degrees of departure from a Poisson process have been found, depending on the flare intensities and levels of star activities. We then fit the waiting time distributions with both the non-stationary Poisson function and the Weibull function. It is evident that a certain amount of memory is present during the period of high solar activities, consistent with the result of Telloni et al. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the occurrence of relatively ‘weak’ flares are persistently correlated, while the production of ‘super flares’ is closer to a stochastic process statistically.
Angular momentum and local gravitational instability in galaxy discs: does Q correlate with j or M ?
Authors: Romeo Alessandro B , Mogotsi Keoikantse Moses 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
We introduce a new diagnostic for exploring the link between angular momentum and local gravitational instability in galaxy discs. Our diagnostic incorporates the latest developments in disc instability research, is fully consistent with approximations that are widely used for measuring the stellar specific angular momentum, j⋆ = J⋆/M⋆, and is also very simple. We show that such a disc instability diagnostic hardly correlates with j⋆ or M⋆, and is remarkably constant across spiral galaxies of any given type (Sa–Sd), stellar mass ($M_{\star }=10^{9.5}\mbox{--}10^{11.5}\, \mbox{M}_{\odot }$), and velocity dispersion anisotropy (σ$z$⋆/σR⋆ = 0–1). The fact that M⋆ is tightly correlated with star formation rate, molecular gas mass (Mmol), metallicity (12 + log O/H), and other fundamental galaxy properties thus implies that nearby star-forming spirals self-regulate to a quasi-universal disc stability level. This not only proves the existence of the self-regulation process postulated by several star formation models, but also raises important caveats.
Liquorice, Liddle, Bartter or Gitelman—how to differentiate?
Authors: Wan Elizabeth , Unwin Robert J , Walsh Stephen B 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Hypokalaemia with alkalosis can suggest excess aldosterone. Aldosterone stimulates the collecting duct mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) to upregulate the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and stimulate electrogenic sodium reabsorption, with secretion of potassium and protons. Gitelman, Bartter and Liddle syndrome, and liquorice ingestion all cause hypokalaemic alkalosis. This mini-review outlines the pathophysiology of these conditions as well as how to differentiate them.
Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
Authors: Bergmann Emilie 
Published: June 2018

Celebrated in her own time as the “Tenth Muse” and, in the 20th century, as “first feminist” of the Americas, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (b. 1648–d. 1695) was a brilliant poet, nun, and self-taught intellectual. Generations of Mexican schoolchildren have memorized her satirical ballad “Hombres necios que acusáis/a la mujer sin razón . . .” (You foolish men who cast all blame on women), and her portrait appears on the 200-peso note. And yet, despite her current status as an icon of Mexican culture, the first edition of her complete works was not published until 1951, three centuries after her birth. While some scholars attribute the centuries of neglect to the rejection of baroque literary style, it was not until the second wave of feminism in the 1970s that her writing began to receive rigorous scholarly attention. Because there is so little documentation of the poet’s life, and Sor Juana scholarship began in earnest only in the past half-century, debates continue regarding her biography, not always resolved by discoveries of new documents in the 20th century. It is impossible to establish a chronology for most of Sor Juana’s works, except those written for specific occasions, such as the Neptuno alegórico (1680), the villancicos (song sets for religious festivals), and the polemical Respuesta a sor Filotea (1691), a rhetorical tour de force in defense of her pursuit of knowledge and of the education of women. Other major works are her long philosophical poem, Primero sueño (First Dream, c. 1685); her love poetry and satirical verse; and the Loa (introduction) to the auto sacramental (allegorical religious play) El divino Narciso (1690) dramatizing the violence of the Spanish conquest and religious conversion of the indigenous population of Mexico. Sor Juana’s works are available online in scanned first editions and digitized texts.