bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quarrelling
Authors: Tadié Alexis 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapters looks at satire in the context of quarrelling. While a number of satires originate in quarrels, they can also become interventions in ongoing disputes, to the point of ending them. This chapter does not attempt to provide a historical overview of the numerous quarrels in which satires were involved, nor does it examine the infinite variety of satirical texts involved in quarrels: lampoons, libels, etc. Rather, this chapter attempts to delineate the intersections between satires and quarrels, looking in particular at the ways in which quarrels develop in satirical contexts. It further examines, through the consideration of two case studies, the quarrel between the Ancients and the Moderns and Pope’s Dunciad, the intricate links between both, showing how satires, in particular of the Menippean tradition, sometimes rely on the structure of quarrels to develop sophisticated instances of ironical discourses.
Satire as Event
Authors: McTague John 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on three ‘practical satires’: the impersonation of the mountebank Alexander Bendo by John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester (1676); the prediction of the death of the astrologer John Partridge by Jonathan Swift, writing under the soubriquet Isaac Bickerstaff (1708); and Alexander Pope’s administration of an emetic draught to the bookseller Edmund Curll (1716). These satires are ‘practical’ in that they involve real or imagined events, performances, or encounters between real people. Being species of practical joke that require a denouement or punch line, one might expect such satires to be relatively short-lived. However, this chapter argues that the key element in all three cases is an interest in continuation, drawing out victims’ punishments and keeping them suspended before an enthusiastically participatory readership, imagined and otherwise.
The Practice of Parody
Authors: Taylor David Francis 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter takes the trials of William Hone in 1817 as a useful late-period vantage point from which to look back across a century and more of parodic practice and play, and also as a prism through which to address and properly historicize some of the key theoretical questions that pertain to eighteenth-century parody. Its first section considers how the period understood the imperatives of parody and so, perforce, parody’s relationship to satire. Its second section then broaches the matter of the class politics of parodic practice and suggests the extent to which parody was—and is still—inextricably tied to questions of cultural capital and proprietorship.
Self-portraiture
Authors: Curran Louise 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the image of women looking at themselves and being observed by others in a significant body of satirical writing by women writers in the 1730s, 1740s, and 1750s. Though Jonathan Swift famously observed that satire ‘is a sort of Glass, wherein Beholders do generally discover every body’s Face but their Own’, these women did the opposite, often unflinchingly so, producing humane reflections on their personal appearances, and on their selves. Self-knowledge through conversation, either with oneself or with others, is a motif of eighteenth-century moral philosophy, and this kind of introspection is replicated throughout satirical verse, particularly that by women. Conversation takes place through the medium of the interlocutor in verse epistles; as answers to previous poems; through voicing the characters of different people; as the voice of the poet within the poem; and as translation and imitation.
Satire to Sentiment
Authors: Festa Lynn 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter addresses both the incursion of satiric strains into the sentimental novel and the sentimentalization of satiric objects, focusing on the capacity of each mode to grapple with broader historical currents (burgeoning commerce, urbanization, imperial expansion, and the blossoming discourses of humanitarianism and human rights). The author argues that mixture of satiric and sentimental modes exposes the tensions between the ideals exalted in the texts (both satiric and sentimental) and the material facts that novelistic realism emphasizes, while the shifts in register between satire and sentimentality mark out the difficulty of creating substantial change—correcting vice and fostering virtue—in an increasingly complex political, social, and economic world.
Satire in the Age of the French Revolution
Authors: Mee Jon 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The idea of a British ‘debate’ on the French Revolution inadequately describes the culture wars of the 1790s, where satire remained a key weapon. Scurrilous works such as Charles Pigott’s Jockey Club (1792) harnessed libellous newspaper innuendo to republican politics. Many who agreed with its politics blanched at its method, but attacks on the royal family and William Pitt abounded, especially in the crisis year of 1795. Prosecutions for libel rose sharply in the decade, but it was an inefficient instrument of repression. Pensions were tried on Peter Pindar and James Gillray, but the policing of culture was also conducted in a series of verse satires that followed William Gifford’s Baviad (1791). Ideological agreement did not stop conservative satirists having their own squabbles about method, especially when it came to questions of ‘personality’. William Boscawen’s Progress of Satire (1798), for instance, suggested that satire in its rough Juvenalian mode might have become inappropriate to modern manners, but any downgrading of satire as a genre scarcely brought a diminution in practice.
Augustan Romantics
Authors: Scott Matthew 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the influence and persistence of the Augustan tradition upon Romanticism. The role of Horace as an occasionally rather vexed model for both movements is used as a lens to view their complex interrelations. It begins with an account of the role of Horatian satire in framing the Romantic critique of imperialism, before moving on to discuss the Romantic pastoral tradition and its debt to Augustanism. The essay ends with an account of the satirical tradition in the Romantic period, focusing in particular on the writers in the Shelley circle and finding, in the later work of Lord Byron, the quintessential Romantic Augustan.
Out of Somerset
Authors: Steedman Carolyn 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter disputes the notion that city satire is exclusively a metropolitan—London—form of writing, arguing that it was also a cultural form, a disposition, a way of thinking, available to all manner of late eighteenth-century people including the two working-class, provincial writers considered here. Two workers—a domestic servant and a stocking maker—raise questions about the uses of satire in class analysis and about satire’s audiences and satire’s users. The chapter is also an argument with the many eighteenth-century commentators who told historians that they should have no doings with satire.
The Double Personality of Lucianic Satire from Dryden to Fielding
Authors: McDowell Nicholas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers the importance of Lucianic satire as a model for Dryden, Swift, Fielding, and other writers between 1650 and 1760 in the light of what has been called Lucian’s ‘double personality’ in early modern Europe: for some he was an erudite, witty, and moral satirist of hypocrisy; for others, a dangerously irreligious scoffer and sceptic who brought Christian morality into doubt. By the later seventeenth century, he was more usually regarded as both these things—as well as an exemplary prose stylist—and his scepticism was no small part of his appeal as a satirist. However, the rise of deism at the end of the seventeenth century and its association with subversive religious satire encouraged a perception of Lucianic wit as a weapon of the deists, and this association was not merely impressionistic: the first English Works of Lucian (1710–11) included among its contributors several prominent deists.
Fable and Allegory
Authors: Wright Gillian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Between the late seventeenth and the early eighteenth centuries, fable—already a well-established didactic mode, often directed towards children—came increasingly to be used for satirical purposes. The work of three important writers—Aphra Behn, John Dryden, and Anne Finch—illustrates both the range and the particularity of fables during this period. While, collectively, these poets’ work differs greatly in terms of form, style, and appropriative methods, all three were strong royalists (later Jacobites) whose fables were devised to serve broadly pro-Stuart ends. This chapter investigates why fable rose to prominence during the fraught years before and after the 1688 Revolution, and how its literary properties were differentially exploited by Behn, Dryden, and Finch (given the varying political and publishing circumstances in which each was working). It also considers the reasons for the decline of the satirical fable in the mid-eighteenth century.
Burlesque and Travesty
Authors: Latimer Bonnie 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers three important satirical subgenres used by Alexander Pope during the early years of his career: the mock-essay, the dramatic satire, and the mock-heroic poem. It covers his writing from Guardian 40 (1713) to Peri Bathous (1727), published the year before his first mature satire, The Dunciad (1728), when Pope’s satires unite in their use of burlesque and in attacking vain pretenders to knowledge. The works examined are both morally corrective and gleefully scurrilous, featuring (to borrow Émile Audra’s phrase) badinage gracieux and slapstick, equally implicated in high culture neoclassicism and gross travesty. Taken as a body, Pope’s early satires use the comic force of burlesque to mount an attack on false pride in knowledge—before proceeding further, however, it is worth pausing on that term, burlesque.
Dramatic Satire
Authors: Ballaster Ros 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The conservatism of satire calls for a return to lost virtues, whether aesthetic, social, or political. At the beginning of the century, under the influence of George Buckingham’s meta-theatrical satire, The Rehearsal (1671), virtue is restored in stage satire through acts of public humiliation, mockery, and punishment. By the end of the century, with the rise of sentimental comedy, lost virtues come to be represented as hidden dimensions of character to be retrieved through stimulating a sentimental response on the part of both protagonists and audience. This chapter characterizes stage satire in three stages. First, one of metonymy (1715–38): here, individual parts stand for depictions of systemic vice. Second, one of mimicry (1739–70): sentimental comedy becomes the vehicle for a satire of manners, fashion, and celebrity. And finally, one of metaphor (1771–1800): local political and aesthetic instances of vice were played out as matters of global concern.
Larval distribution of the ocean sunfishes Ranzania laevis and Masturus lanceolatus (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) in the Sargasso Sea subtropical convergence zone
Authors: HELLENBRECHT L M , FREESE M , POHLMANN J-D , WESTERBERG H , BLANCKE T , HANEL R 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Sunfishes or Molidae are a rarely encountered family within the teleost order Tetraodontiformes and most details of their reproductive biology including times and places of spawning and their larval ecology are rather unclear. Spawning of two species of Molidae was suggested in the Sargasso Sea before, yet comprehensive data on larval distribution from this area or elsewhere have never been published. Here we report on the abundance and size distribution of 383 sharptail mola (Masturus lanceolatus) and slender sunfish (Ranzania laevis) larvae, present novel information on their larval growth and development and test correlations with prevailing hydrographic data. Only 18 mostly larger Masturus larvae were caught evenly distributed over the study area and with no obvious hydrographic preferences. We conclude that there was no active spawning of M. lanceolatus in the area during the time of the cruise. In contrast, Ranzania larvae were caught primarily inside and south of a thermal frontal zone with increasing abundances toward warmer surface layers in the southeast of the study area. Due to the consistent presence of young Ranzania, it can be assumed that spawning activity was ongoing throughout the month of April, 2015. Our findings confirm the Sargasso Sea as a spawning area for R. laevis.
Influence of prior antibiotic use on risk of rheumatoid arthritis: case control study in general practice
Authors: Armstrong David , Dregan Alex , Ashworth Mark , White Patrick , McGee Chris , de Lusignan Simon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that prior antibiotics influences the risk of developing RA.MethodsA case–control study was conducted over 15 years using the UK’s Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre database. The frequency and type of antibiotic prescription for patients who subsequently developed RA were compared with antibiotic prescriptions in a control group of patients who remained free of RA. Cases, defined as patients with a new diagnosis of RA made between 2006 and 2018, were matched with up to four RA-free controls on practice, age, gender and date of diagnosis. Exposure was measured by the number and type of prescriptions for antibiotics prior to the RA diagnosis or to the index date in controls.ResultsA total of 8482 patients with a new diagnosis of RA between 2006 and 2018 were compared with 22 661 controls. There was a higher likelihood of an RA diagnosis after antibiotic prescriptions within 1 year, 5 years and ever with a strong dose–response. Patients receiving &gt;10 antibiotics in a 5 year period were more than twice as likely to receive an RA diagnosis as controls [adjusted odds ratio 2.65 (CI 2.40, 2.93)].ConclusionExposure to antibiotics prior to the diagnosis was a significant risk factor for RA. This could reflect an immunological response to a compromised microbiome. Alternatively, patients with pre-symptomatic or early undiagnosed RA may have been more likely to present to their general practitioner with infections due to an unrecognized effect of RA.
The evolving treatment landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Schiattone Luana , Ghia Paolo , Scarfò Lydia 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
This review provides guidance in the rapidly changing scenario of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treatment. New studies as well as updates of other seminal ones have been recently presented and are likely to change the management of patients with CLL in everyday clinical practice.

Recent findings
Kinase inhibitors (e.g. ibrutinib and idelalisib) have transformed the treatment paradigm in CLL in both front-line and relapsed/refractory patients. Longer follow-up data are now available supporting the safety of ibrutinib and the continuous administration required per current label. Novel studies show the superiority of the drug alone or in combination with monoclonal antibodies compared with standard chemoimmunotherapy. The combination of venetoclax and obinutuzumab (treatment-naïve, only in United States) or rituximab (relapsed/refractory) has granted approval from the regulatory authorities in United States and Europe, based on phase 3 randomized studies. These novel chemo-free combinations allow for fixed-duration treatment and undetectable minimal residual disease. Novel targeted strategies including second and third generation BTK and PI3K inhibitors are currently under investigation and promise to further improve the CLL treatment armamentarium. The chimeric-antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are coming to the stage with promising efficacy and new challenges.

Summary
A bright chemo-free era for CLL patients is just around the corner. A deep knowledge of currently available evidences is key to tailor treatment choice and optimize long-term tolerability and disease control. Fixed-duration combinations are investigated to allow treatment holidays and avoid the emergence of resistant clones under the selective pressure of continuous treatment.
Recent progress in haploidentical transplantation: is this the optimal choice for alternative donor transplantation?
Authors: Watanabe Mizuki , Kanda Junya 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
This article is intended to review recent trends and improvements in haploidentical transplantation to understand its current status and future direction.

Recent findings
The noninferiority of haploidentical donors compared with other donor sources, including HLA-matched related or unrelated donors, has been demonstrated in patients with various hematological diseases. The development of graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) prophylaxis using posttransplant cyclophosphamide has effectively reduced transplant-related mortality caused by GVHD, graft rejection, and other related complications. Novel GVHD prophylactic methods and other supportive strategies are under intense investigation to reduce the risk of infections and retain graft-versus-leukemia/lymphoma effects after transplantation.

Summary
Recent progress in haploidentical stem cell transplantation has broadened the availability of donor sources for patients with hematological diseases. It is important to compare and examine the impact of donor sources on transplant outcomes to achieve a better understanding about the appropriate donor choice for each patient.
Hepatic artery reconstruction in living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Balci Deniz , Ahn Chul-Soo 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
Arterial reconstruction in living donor liver transplantation is a technically complex and challenging procedure, requiring expertise handling multiple factors associated with successful outcomes. This review describes and discusses the current methods of arterial reconstruction in living donor liver transplantation.

Recent findings
Arterial reconstruction in living donor liver transplantation requires multiple modifications of standard anastomosis techniques, including familiarity with alternative methods of arterial reconstruction including technical variants of anastomoses. We herein describe how these methods are employed in microsurgical techniques, the newer alternatives as well as decision-making on graft-recipient vessel matching and its complications.

Summary
This review provides comprehensive discussion of surgical techniques for arterial reconstruction in living donor liver transplant recipients.
Postoperative Recurrent Gout Flares
Authors: Zhuo Yeye , Cai Xiaorui , Hou Zhiduo , Zhu Zhiwei , Cai De 
Published: September 2019

Objectives
To investigate the morbidity, clinical characteristics, and risk factors for postoperative recurrent gout flares (PRGFs).

Methods
This cross-sectional study included all surgical patients at 2 academic institutions between 2010 and 2018. Data including demographics, prior history of gout, clinical variables, medications, and the occurrence of PRGFs were abstracted from medical records. Forward stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis was used in the statistical analyses.

Results
Among the 518 (0.5% [518/114,760]) surgical patients with a prior diagnosis of gout, 474 had sufficient documentation for analysis. Of these, 191 (40.3%) had experienced a PRGF. Most PRGFs (54.4%) were polyarticular gout; 79.6% had a pretreatment pain score of PRGFs ≥7, and 59.2% required combination pharmacologic therapy. The mean (SD) serum urate (SU) level decreased postoperatively (500.33 [122.77] vs. 380.15 [118.35] μmol/L; p = 0.000), with an average decrease of 125.86 μmol/L. The decrease in the postsurgical SU level was greater in patients who received postoperative total parenteral nutrition (PTPN) than in those who did not (p = 0.009), and it was correlated with the duration of PTPN (r = 0.156, p = 0.031). Factors independently associated with PRGFs were decrease in the postsurgical SU level by ≥126 μmol/L, previous flares involving the ankle, failure to take prophylactic colchicine therapy, and abdominal surgery.

Conclusions
Recurrent gout flares often occur postoperatively and are severe. For high-risk patients, especially those undergoing abdominal surgeries, timely monitoring of postsurgical SU level, colchicine prophylaxis, and avoiding the overuse of PTPN may help prevent PRGFs.
Understanding and eliminating the detrimental effect of endogenous thiamine auxotrophy on metabolism of the oleaginous yeastYarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Walker Caleb , Ryu Seunghyun , Giannone Richard J. , Garcia Sergio , Trinh Cong T. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThiamine is an essential vitamin that functions as a cofactor for key enzymes in carbon and energy metabolism for all living cells. While most plants, fungi and bacteria can synthesize thiaminede novo, the oleaginous yeast,Yarrowia lipolytica, cannot. In this study, we used proteomics together with physiological characterization to understand key metabolic processes influenced and regulated by thiamine availability and identified the genetic basis of thiamine auxotrophy inY. lipolytica. Specifically, we found thiamine depletion results in decreased protein abundance of the lipid biosynthesis pathways and energy metabolism (i.e., ATP synthase), attributing to the negligible growth and poor sugar assimilation observed in our study. Using comparative genomics, we identified the missing gene scTHI13, encoding the 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase for thede novothiamine synthesis inY. lipolytica,and discovered an exceptional promoter, P3, that exhibits strong activation or tight repression by low and high thiamine concentrations, respectively. Capitalizing on the strength of our thiamine-regulated promoter (P3) to express the missing gene, we engineered the first thiamine-prototrophicY. lipolyticareported to date. By comparing this engineered strain to the wildtype, we unveiled the tight relationship linking thiamine availability to lipid biosynthesis and demonstrated enhanced lipid production with thiamine supplementation in the engineered thiamine-prototrophicY. lipolytica.IMPORTANCEThiamine plays a crucial role as an essential cofactor for enzymes in carbon and energy metabolism of all living cells. Thiamine deficiency has detrimental consequences on cellular health.Yarrowia lipolytica, a non-conventional oleaginous yeast with broad biotechnological applications, is a native thiamine auxotroph, whose effects on cellular metabolism are not well understood. Therefore,Y. lipolyticais an ideal eukaryotic host to study thiamine metabolism, especially as mammalian cells are also thiamine-auxotrophic and thiamine deficiency is implicated in several human diseases. This study elucidates the fundamentals of thiamine deficiency on cellular metabolism ofY. lipolyticaand identifies genes and novel thiamine-regulated elements that eliminate thiamine auxotrophy inY. lipolytica. Furthermore, discovery of thiamine-regulated elements enables development of thiamine biosensors with useful applications in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering.