bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protesting Racial Hierarchy: Testing a Social Dominance Theory Model of Collective Action among White Americans
Authors: Stewart Andrew L. , Tran Julia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMartin Luther King Jr. advocated for psychologists to educate White Americans about the reality of racism and racist violence in the United States in order to enlist White Americans to protest in support of the Civil Rights Movement. While most research on collective action focuses on in‐group identity, recent research suggests that social dominancy theory's focus on ideology and intergroup behavior may be more relevant to explain collective action participation among dominant group members. We used latent variable modeling with two samples of White Americans (N = 265 for Study 1; N = 383 for Study 2) to test a social dominance theory (SDT) model of collective action. After observing suppression results in Study 1 centering on the measurement of symbolic racism, Study 2 results supported the importance of social dominance orientation, rejecting racist beliefs, and expressing anger at Black's social disadvantage in understanding White American's collective action willingness to reduce racial inequality. Discussion focuses on White American support for hierarchy‐attenuating social policy and advocacy and the utility of SDT in understanding hierarchy‐attenuation.
Summing Up: Did Social Psychology Answer Dr. King's Call?
Authors: Pettigrew Thomas F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDr. King's 1967 speech was delivered at a tense time for both American race relations and social psychology. Race riots were widespread, the Civil Rights Movement was splintering, the Vietnam War was raging, and social psychology was engaged in a “crisis of relevance.” King listed a series of issues for the social sciences to address. Did we answer his call? Aided by a new, racially more diverse cohort's contributions, social psychology did answer some of King's points. Overall, however, a review suggests at best a mixed response. But of equal importance, the social sciences have failed to communicate our findings to the American public.
Rural Status, Suicide Ideation, and Telemental Health: Risk Assessment in a Clinical Sample
Authors: Tarlow Kevin R. , Johnson Tina A. , McCord Carly E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals living in rural areas die by suicide at higher rates than those living in metropolitan areas. Telemental health interventions provide rural residing individuals with access to needed care. Identifying telemental health clients at risk for suicide is an important task for clinicians and policymakers. This study evaluated to what degree rural status and other demographic variables predicted suicide ideation in clients seeking services at a telemental health clinic.MethodsStudy participants included 457 low‐income clients residing in the medically underserved, geographically diverse Brazos Valley region of Texas. Clients completed the patient health questionnaire during their initial counseling appointment, which assessed depression severity and suicide ideation in the 2 weeks prior to assessment.ResultsSuicide ideation was common among telemental health clients, with approximately 40% of clients in all demographic groups reporting some recent thoughts of suicide. Rates of suicide ideation did not significantly differ by geographic designation (ie, rural/metropolitan status), gender, or race/ethnicity. However, depression was a strong predictor of recent suicide ideation.ConclusionsTelemental health programs can effectively connect clinicians with rural residing clients who are otherwise isolated from health care services. However, clinicians working in high‐need, historically underserved areas should be prepared to encounter a high prevalence of suicide ideation and depression. In these regions, clinical and diagnostic features may be better indicators of suicide ideation than demographic variables.
Perceptions of Religious Discrimination Among U.S. Scientists
Authors: Scheitle Christopher P. , Ecklund Elaine Howard 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAcademic scientists in the United States are relatively nonreligious, at least compared to the general population, and some evidence suggests that the professional culture of academic science may foster perceptions of discrimination among scientists who are religious. We examine perceptions of religious discrimination among biologists and physicists in the United States. The analysis shows that Protestant, Muslim, and adherents of “other” traditions report higher rates of religious discrimination in both biology and physics relative to those who do not identify with a religion. Jewish and Catholic adherents report higher rates of discrimination in biology but not in physics. Most of the religious identity effects among biologists are not explained away by measures of beliefs, practices, or professional and demographic characteristics. On the other hand, religious identity differences in perceptions of religious discrimination among physicists are mediated by measures of religious practice. On the whole, these findings suggest that religious identity itself is more stigmatized in biology than in physics. Results have implications for how university professors—and academic scientists in particular—relate to the broader public.
Bringing Up Nones: Intergenerational Influences and Cohort Trends
Authors: Bengtson Vern L. , Hayward R. David , Zuckerman Phil , Silverstein Merril 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRecent polls show that an increasing number of young adults profess no religious affiliation. Prior research has suggested several explanations for this, among them older ages at marriage, higher education rates, reaction against the priest/pedophile scandal, and political backlash against the religious right, as well as the traditional explanation of youthful rebellion against religious parents. In this article, we propose another theory: intergenerational transmission, an increase in the number of parents and grandparents who have been explicitly socializing their children to a nonreligious worldview. We use a mixed methods approach with data from the 34‐year Longitudinal Study of Generations to examine parents’ and grandparents’ influence on youth over several decades. The rate of nonreligious young persons in our sample tripled between 1971 and 2005. Though this undoubtedly reflects broader cohort trends, we can trace a significant portion of this growth to family intergenerational continuity brought about by explicitly nonreligious socialization by parents as well as grandparents. Qualitative data provide insight into processes of nonreligious influence over generations, seen in three types: multigenerational socialization of humanism, of atheism, and of the unintended socialization of “religious rebels” from highly religious parents.
Urethral mobility and Point Aa of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP‐Q) system before and after midurethral sling operation
Authors: Chung Ho Seok , Kim Sun‐Ouck , Kwon Dongdeuk 
Published: June 2018

Objective: The aim of the present study was to verify the usefulness of Point Aa as a substitute marker of the Q‐tip angle and urethral mobility before and after midurethral sling operation for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women.
Methods: In this study, 118 women presenting with SUI who underwent the tension‐free vaginal tape obturator (TVTO) procedure were prospectively examined and followed‐up for ≥6 months after operation. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to assess the degree of correlation between Point Aa of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system and Q‐tip angles before and after midurethral sling surgery.
Results: There were significant postoperative changes in Point Aa (from –0.4 ± 1.9 to –2.7 ± 0.6; P = .001) and Q‐tip angle (from 58.7 ± 19.4 to 15.4 ± 17.5 degrees; P =.001) compared with preoperative values. A fair correlation between Point Aa position and straining Q‐tip angle was found before (r = 0.45, P = .05) and after (r = 0.49, P = .04) the procedure, with no significant difference in values before and after the procedure (P = .62).
Conclusions: The results of the present study show fair correlation between the Point Aa position and straining Q‐tip angle before and after midurethral sling surgery. Point Aa could be used as an indicator of urethral mobility after the TVTO procedure in women with SUI.
How much is enough? Effects of technical and biological replication on metabarcoding dietary analysis
Authors: Mata Vanessa A. , Rebelo Hugo , Amorim Francisco , McCracken Gary F. , Jarman Simon , Beja Pedro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDNA metabarcoding is increasingly used in dietary studies to estimate diversity, composition and frequency of occurrence of prey items. However, few studies have assessed how technical and biological replication affect the accuracy of diet estimates. This study addresses these issues using the European free‐tailed bat Tadarida teniotis, involving high‐throughput sequencing of a small fragment of the COI gene in 15 separate faecal pellets and a 15‐pellet pool per each of 20 bats. We investigated how diet descriptors were affected by variability among (a) individuals, (b) pellets of each individual and (c) PCRs of each pellet. In addition, we investigated the impact of (d) analysing separate pellets vs. pellet pools. We found that diet diversity estimates increased steadily with the number of pellets analysed per individual, with seven pellets required to detect ~80% of prey species. Most variation in diet composition was associated with differences among individual bats, followed by pellets per individual and PCRs per pellet. The accuracy of frequency of occurrence estimates increased with the number of pellets analysed per bat, with the highest error rates recorded for prey consumed infrequently by many individuals. Pools provided poor estimates of diet diversity and frequency of occurrence, which were comparable to analysing a single pellet per individual, and consistently missed the less common prey items. Overall, our results stress that maximizing biological replication is critical in dietary metabarcoding studies and emphasize that analysing several samples per individual rather than pooled samples produce more accurate results.
Cryptic Aspergillus from clinical samples in the USA and description of a new species in section Flavipedes
Authors: Siqueira João P. Z. , Wiederhold Nathan , Gené Josepa , García Dania , Almeida Margarete T. G. , Guarro Josep 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn the last few decades there has been an emergence of cryptic Aspergillus as agents of human infections due to the increase in immunocompromised population and to the improvement of identification tools.MethodsContinuing our study on Aspergillus isolates from clinical origin deposited in a mycological reference centre in the United States, we selected 37 isolates belonging to less common sections of the genus, to study their species diversity and detect cryptic species by using a polyphasic approach.ResultsFrom this set of isolates, a total of 16 species were identified; the most frequent being A. calidoustus (48.6%, section Usti), A. terreus (13.5%, section Terrei), and A. nidulans (5.7%, section Nidulantes). The remaining isolates corresponded to 13 species of rare or cryptic Aspergillus, i.e. A. europaeus (section Cremei); A. iizukae, A. micronesiensis, A. spelaeus (section Flavipedes); A. pachycristatus, A. quadrilineatus, A. spinulosporus, A. unguis (section Nidulantes); A. alabamensis, A. carneus, A. hortai (section Terrei), A. granulosus (section Usti); and the new species A. suttoniae (section Flavipedes), which is described here.ConclusionsCorrect identification of cryptic species is crucial to reveal new potential pathogens, to gather accurate epidemiological data and to choose an appropriate treatment.
Measuring beverage consumption in US children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Grummon A. H. , Sokol R. L. , Hecht C. A. , Patel A. I. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBeverage consumption habits are associated with weight outcomes for children and adolescents. Many studies have examined youth's beverage consumption, but little is known about what methods are commonly used to assess youth beverage consumption and whether these strategies are valid and reliable. This study aimed to systematically review articles assessing beverage consumption among children and adolescents. We searched PubMed and Scopus for English‐language articles published between February 2007 and February 2017 that measured and reported on American youth's (ages 2–18 years) beverage consumption. Searches yielded 17,165 articles, of which 589 articles describing 615 measures were extracted. We examined the types of assessment methods used, characteristics of these methods (e.g. validity, reliability, and literacy level), characteristics of study samples, and beverages assessed. The most common assessment methods were questionnaires/screeners (used by 65.4% of articles) and recalls (24.4%). About three‐quarters of articles did not address validity (70.5%) or reliability (79.5%) of any measures used. Study populations were diverse: 54.7% of articles included low‐income children, and 90.2% included non‐White children. The most commonly assessed beverage category was sugar‐sweetened beverages. Findings suggest that improved measurement techniques and reporting are both needed to track progress towards a goal of ensuring all youth have healthy beverage consumption.
Immunoexpression of SOX‐2 in oral leukoplakia
Authors: Luiz Suelen Teixeira , Modolo Filipe , Mozzer Izabela , dos Santos Emanuela Carla , Nagashima Seigo , Camargo Martins Ana Paula , de Azevedo Marina Luise Viola , Azevedo Alanis Luciana Reis , Hardy Ana Maria Trindade Grégio , de Moraes Rafaela Scariot , Aguiar Maria Cássia Ferreira , Ignácio Sérgio Aparecido , Jham Bruno Correia , Noronha Lucia , Johann Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study was conducted to correlate and compare the immunoexpression of sex‐determining region Y‐box 2 (SOX‐2) in oral leukoplakia (OL) lesions with that in normal buccal mucosa (control).Materials and MethodsIn this observational study, OL with low‐risk (n = 34) and high‐risk (n = 33) dysplasia and control samples (n = 25) were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for SOX‐2. In the epithelium, SOX‐2 positive and negative cells, as well as semiautomatic segmentation of the immunopositive nuclear area were counted. Statistical tests included chi‐square, one‐way analysis of variance, Tukey, and Games‐Howell. The level of significance was 5%.ResultsGroups with OL lesions (low and high‐risk) showed higher mean numbers of SOX‐2 positive cells (63.47 ± 25.70 and 68.18 ± 21.17) compared to the control group (45.85 ± 27.38) (p = 0.00). Groups with OL lesions (low and high‐risk) exhibited higher mean positive nuclear area (0.24 ± 0.47 and 1.09 ± 2.06) compared to the control group (0.00 ± 0.01) (p = 0.01).ConclusionOral leukoplakia lesions showed a higher expression of SOX‐2, suggesting its contribution to the pathogenesis of OL.
Development of molecular linkage maps in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) using sequence‐related amplified polymorphism markers
Authors: Li Aixian , Qin Zhen , Hou Fuyun , Dong Shunxu , Wang Qingmei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSweet potato is an important food crop with high starch content. It is a hexaploid species, for which the chromosomes have not yet been well characterized. In this study, we used 856 SRAP primer pairs to analyse the 240 individuals from a mapping population, which were derived from a hybrid F1 generation of ‘Luoxushu 8’ (female) and ‘Zhengshu 20’ (male). Genetic linkage maps of the two parents were constructed. In the female parent (‘Luoxushu 8’), the linkage map consisted of 1391 markers, and the length of the linkage map was estimated to be 10,188.4 cM with an average distance of 7.17 cM between markers. In the male parent (‘Zhengshu 20’), the final linkage map consisted of 1,112 markers, and the estimated length of the map was 9,165.17 cM with an average distance of 8.40 cM between markers. Our results provide a basis for the detailed characterization of sweet potato chromosome sequences and the development of related molecular markers.
QTL mapping for heading date, leaf area and chlorophyll content under cold and drought stress in two related recombinant inbred line populations (Japonica rice) and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Luomiao , Wang Jiangxu , Lei Lei , Wang Jingguo , Junaid Subhani Muhammad , Liu Hualong , Sun Jian , Zheng Hongliang , Zhao Hongwei , Zou Detang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRice is highly susceptible to drought and cold. The goal of this study was to identify the QTLs affecting the rice heading date (HD), leaf area (LA) and chlorophyll content (CC) under cold and drought stress. A total of twenty‐nine and thirty‐eight additive QTLs were detected from two crosses of ‘Dongnong422’/‘Kongyu131’ and ‘Xiaobaijingzi’/‘Kongyu131’, respectively. qHD1‐7‐1, qHD1‐7‐2, qHD1‐2‐1, qLA1‐7‐1, qLA1‐6‐3 and qCC1‐7‐1 show adaptive effects under cold treatment, while qHD2‐2‐3, qHD2‐2‐2, qLA2‐7‐3 and qCC2‐5‐1 were important for explaining the genetic mechanism during drought tolerance. Additionally, nine and five additive × environment interaction QTLs were detected for two RILs, respectively. RIL26 and RIL73 were two lines that are associated with cold and drought for HD. 339 QTLs related to HD, CC and LA of rice from database and our research were projected onto the genetic map. Nine cloned genes and nineteen homologous candidate genes related to HD, CC, cold tolerance and drought tolerance were mapped by meta‐analysis. These results lay the foundation for the fine mapping of QTLs related to HD, LA and CC for marker‐assisted selection.
Gating control and K+ uptake by the KAT1 K+ channel leaveraged through membrane anchoring of the trafficking protein SYP121
Authors: Lefoulon Cécile , Waghmare Sakharam , Karnik Rucha , Blatt Michael R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVesicle traffic is tightly coordinated with ion transport for plant cell expansion through physical interactions between subsets of vesicle‐trafficking (so‐called SNARE) proteins and plasma membrane Kv channels, including the archetypal inward‐rectifying K+ channel, KAT1 of Arabidopsis. Ion channels open and close rapidly over milliseconds, whereas vesicle fusion events require many seconds. Binding has been mapped to conserved motifs of both the Kv channels and the SNAREs, but knowledge of the temporal kinetics of their interactions, especially as it might relate to channel gating and its coordination with vesicle fusion remains unclear. Here, we report that the SNARE SYP121 promotes KAT1 gating through a persistent interaction that alters the stability of the channel, both in its open and closed states. We show, too, that SYP121 action on the channel open state requires SNARE anchoring in the plasma membrane. Our findings indicate that SNARE binding confers a conformational bias that encompasses the microscopic kinetics of channel gating, with leverage applied through the SNARE anchor in favour of the open channel.
Rational Solutions of the Painlevé‐III Equation
Authors: Bothner Thomas , Miller Peter D. , Sheng Yue 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAll of the six Painlevé equations except the first have families of rational solutions, which are frequently important in applications. The third Painlevé equation in generic form depends on two parameters m and n, and it has rational solutions if and only if at least one of the parameters is an integer. We use known algebraic representations of the solutions to study numerically how the distributions of poles and zeros behave as increases and how the patterns vary with . This study suggests that it is reasonable to consider the rational solutions in the limit of large with being an auxiliary parameter. To analyze the rational solutions in this limit, algebraic techniques need to be supplemented by analytical ones, and the main new contribution of this paper is to develop a Riemann–Hilbert representation of the rational solutions of Painlevé‐III that is amenable to asymptotic analysis. Assuming further that m is a half‐integer, we derive from the Riemann–Hilbert representation a finite dimensional Hankel system for the rational solution in which appears as an explicit parameter.
Numerical Bifurcation and Spectral Stability of Wavetrains in Bidirectional Whitham Models
Authors: Claassen Kyle M. , Johnson Mathew A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe consider several different bidirectional Whitham equations that have recently appeared in the literature. Each of these models combines the full two‐way dispersion relation from the incompressible Euler equations with a canonical shallow water nonlinearity, providing nonlocal model equations that may be expected to exhibit some of the interesting high‐frequency phenomena present in the Euler equations that standard “long‐wave” theories fail to capture. Of particular interest here is the existence and stability of periodic traveling wave solutions in such models. Using numerical bifurcation techniques, we construct global bifurcation diagrams for each system and compare the global structure of branches, together with the possibility of bifurcation branches terminating in a “highest” singular (peaked/cusped) wave. We also numerically approximate the stability spectrum along these bifurcation branches and compare the stability predictions of these models. Our results confirm a number of analytical results concerning the stability of asymptotically small waves in these models and provide new insights into the existence and stability of large amplitude waves.
Validation of body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis in children according to the degree of obesity
Authors: Seo Young‐Gyun , Kim Jae Hyun , Kim YoonMyung , Lim Hyunjung , Ju Young‐Su , Kang Min Jae , Lee Kwanseop , Lee Hye‐Ja , Jang Han Byul , Park Sang Ick , Park Kyung Hee 
Published: June 2018

This study aimed to validate body composition analysis using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) against dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in children with obesity and to compare agreement between BIA and DXA according to their degree of obesity. Three hundred and sixteen children aged 6‐17 years participated in the Intervention for Childhood and Adolescents Obesity via Activity and Nutrition study. We divided participants by body mass index (BMI) percentile (group 1: mild to moderate obesity; group 2: severe obesity) and compared body composition variables, eg, percentage of body fat (%BF), fat mass (FM), and fat‐free mass (FFM) using BIA and DXA. The %BF and FM of BIA were significantly lower (−1.8% and −0.8 kg, respectively), and the FFM of BIA was significantly higher (1.4 kg) than those of DXA. There were significant negative relationships between the absolute value of differences from BIA and DXA and BMI z‐scores in %BF, FM, and FFM (regression coefficient [β]: −1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.81 to −0.97; β: −0.34, 95%CI: −0.61 to −0.06; β: −0.73, 95%CI: −1.03 to −0.44, respectively). The gap of body compositions between BIA and DXA decreased as participants became more obese, and the differences of FM in boys with severe obesity and the differences of %BF and FFM in girls with severe obesity were much less than those in children with mild to moderate obesity. In conclusion, the agreement between DXA and BIA was better for children with severe obesity than for children with mild to moderate obesity.