bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and opportunities in evaluating programmes incorporating human-centred design: lessons learnt from the evaluation of Adolescents 360
Authors: Doyle Aoife M. , Mulhern Emma , Rosen James , Appleford Gabrielle , Atchison Christina , Bottomley Christian , Hargreaves James R. , Weinberger Michelle 
Published: May 2019

Adolescents 360 (A360) is a four-year initiative (2016–2020) to increase 15-19-year-old girls’ use of modern contraception in Nigeria, Ethiopia and Tanzania. The innovative A360 approach is led by human-centred design (HCD), combined with social marketing, developmental neuroscience, public health, sociocultural anthropology and youth engagement ‘lenses’, and aims to create context-specific, youth-driven solutions that respond to the needs of adolescent girls. The A360 external evaluation includes a process evaluation, quasi-experimental outcome evaluation, and a cost-effectiveness study. We reflect on evaluation opportunities and challenges associated with measuring the application and impact of this novel HCD-led design approach. For the process evaluation, participant observations were key to capturing the depth of the fast-paced, highly-iterative HCD process, and to understand decision-making within the design process. The evaluation team had to be flexible and align closely with the work plan of the implementers. The HCD process meant that key information such as intervention components, settings, and eligible populations were unclear and changed over outcome evaluation and cost-effectiveness protocol development. This resulted in a more time-consuming and resource-intensive study design process. As much time and resources went into the creation of a new design approach, separating one-off “creation” costs versus those costs associated with actually implementing the programme was challenging. Opportunities included the potential to inform programmatic decision-making in real-time to ensure that interventions adequately met the contextualized needs in targeted areas. Robust evaluation of interventions designed using HCD, a promising and increasingly popular approach, is warranted yet challenging. Future HCD-based initiatives should consider a phased evaluation, focusing initially on programme theory refinement and process evaluation, and then, when the intervention program details are clearer, following with outcome evaluation and cost-effectiveness analysis. A phased approach would delay the availability of evaluation findings but would allow for a more appropriate and tailored evaluation design.
The hypercultural universe of Chen Tianzhuo
Authors: Poelzl Petra 
Published: May 2019

Chen Tianzhuo’s theatre performances, video installations and sculptures are infused with the iconographic vocabulary of divinities, ceremonies and rituals of a variety of cultures. His puzzling and immersive installations, surroundings and creatures question belief systems in the Post-Internet Era, mingling Buddhist cosmology and the visual language of corporate identities with the ecstasy of club nights at Berlin’s Berghain. The artist creates experiential spaces that are equipped with creatures that seem to be in a constant state of transformation, a state of in-betweenness.
Chen Tianzhuo is a master of sampling and his oeuvre is often labelled as queer, especially in a western context. As stated by scholars (Zhao, Engebretsen) when discussing the term queer in the context of China, this needs to be done in the complex and dynamic political and cultural context of the country. Chen Tianzhuo’s work discusses non-heteronormativity throughout the country’s history and how it has shaped what it means today, in the age of the Internet. Byung-Chul Han and his writings on hyperculturality seem to be an appropriate approach when reviewing Chen Tianzhuo’s oeuvre. Han claims that through forms of new media (particularly the Internet), the exchange of information and forms of expression are exponentially dispersed. He sees hyperculturality as the dissolving of previously defined cultural boundaries; celebrating the newfound freedom with which interconnected works can be passed through an unlimited network.
This article aims to investigate Chen Tianzhuo’s artistic practice, focusing on his stage performances An Atpyical Brain Damage and Ishvara, and zoom into the hypercultural universe he opens up to create queer, hybrid and often godlike figures and surroundings.
A Disarmament Program for Witches: The Prospective Politics of Antiwitchcraft, Postwarcraft, and Rebrandcraft in Sierra Leone
Authors: Anderson Samuel Mark 
Published: May 2019

Descending on the capital city of Freetown a decade after Sierra Leone’s civil war, members of the Sierra Leone Indigenous Traditional Healers Union (SLITHU) unearthed countless “witch guns,” apprehended dozens of malevolent witches, and endeavored to rehabilitate culprits as productive citizen herbalists. The organization’s leader, President Field Marshal Alhaji Dr. Sulaiman Kabba, described these operations as a “disarmament program” for witches, discursively echoing postwar disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration programs previously imposed by the United Nations. Moreover, he dubbed SLITHU’s interventions “a rebranding effort,” appropriating pervasive marketing rhetorics. This article follows Kabba’s example by successively examining the disarmament campaign through the discourses of antiwitchcraft, postwarcraft, and rebrandcraft. A common logic underlying all three discourses hinges on a spectacular politics by prospection, exposing aspirations for social transformation but displacing the labor of change from leaders to their putative clients. The illusory effects of witch-finding, postwar reintegration, and rebranding epitomize models of contemporary neoliberal governance built on an unstable foundation of trust rather than material investment, leaving them vulnerable to devastating collapse.
Abstrakt
We dɛn bin de ɛnta di kapital siti Fritɔng tɛn ia afta di Salon sivul wa, memba dɛm na di Sierra Leone Indigenous Traditional Healers Union (SLITHU) pul wich gɔn dɛm, siz dɔzin pan dɛn wikɛd man wich dɛm ɛn tray fɔ cheng dɛm fɔ bi bɛtɛ sitizin ɛn abalist dɛm. Di ɔganayzeshɔn in lida, Prɛsidɛnt Fil Mashal Alhaji Dɔkta Sulaiman Kabba, diskrayb di ɔpreshɔn dɛm as “disamamɛnt program” fɔ wich dɛm. Dis in spich fala poswa disamamɛnt dimobilayzeshɔn ɛn rintigreshɔn program dɛm we di Yunaytɛd Nɛshɔn bin ɔblaj bifo. Fɔ ad pan dis, i bin kɔl SLITHU in intavɛnshɔn wan “ribrandin ɛfɔt” we i dɔn tek langwej frɔm global makitin. Dis atikul gɛt fɔ fala Kabba in kampen bay we ɔf pwel wich bisnɛs ɛn poswa biznɛs ɛn ribrand biznɛs wan-wan. Wan kɔmɔn lɔgic fɔseka ɔl tri diskɔshon ɛng pan spɛktakyula politiks fɔ fɛn prɔspɛkts ɛn so ɛkpos pipul dɛn aspireshɔn fɔ soshial transfɔmeshɔn yet disples di lebɔ fɔ cheng frɔm lida dɛm to dɛn wan dɛm we dipɛnd pan dɛm. Di fɔls ɛfɛkt dɛm fɔ fɛn wich, postwa rintigreshɔn ɛn ribrandin kin pruv modɛl dɛm fɔ kɔntɛmporari niolibral gɔvmɛnt bisnɛs we bil pan fawndeshɔn ɔf trɔst rada dan matirial invɛstmɛnt ɛn we de lɛf dɛm vɔnɔrebul to kolaps.
Investigation of eucalypt and pine wood acid-soluble lignin by Py-GC-MS
Authors: Brumano Gabriel Castro , Colodette Jorge Luiz , Fernandes Sérgio A. , Barbosa Bianca Moreira , Borges Gomes Fernando José 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Klason method is adequate for quantifying lignin in softwood (SWD) but is less so for hardwood (HWD). The latter contains a fraction of acid-soluble lignin (ASL) that is not measurable under the conditions prevailing in the Klason method and that must be quantified by other means. This study aimed at investigating the composition of ASL obtained from eucalypt and pine woods by using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). About 2.7% and 0.9% ASL by dry wood weight were measured in the acid filtrate of eucalypt and pine, respectively, by the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) UM 250 method. The acid filtrate was lyophilized and processed by Py-GC-MS, allowing identification of 26 primary pyrolysis products, with 2% and 52% relative molar abundance coming from lignin and carbohydrates, respectively, for eucalypt and 24 primary pyrolysis products, with 1% and 54% relative molar abundance from lignin and carbohydrates, respectively, for pine. The main products derived from lignin were phenol, 4-methylphenol, guaiacol, 4-methylcatechol, syringol, acetosyringone and vanillin. It was concluded that measurements of ASL remain a requirement for accurate eucalypt and pine wood lignin quantification because lignin derivatives remain in the acid filtrate from the Klason lignin quantification method. Corrections for carbohydrate-derived compounds are not necessary, despite their predominance in the filtrate, because these derivatives do not interfere with ultraviolet (UV) absorption.
Differences between hygroscopicity limit and cell wall saturation investigated by LF-NMR on Southern pine (Pinus spp.)
Authors: Li Jingyu , Ma Erni , Yang Tiantian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) was used to clarify the difference between the fiber saturation point (FSP) of Southern pine (Pinus spp.) determined at the hygroscopicity limit (HL) vs. cell wall saturation (CWS). The HL samples were conditioned at 100% relative humidity (RH) while the CWS samples were fully saturated with distilled water. Cell wall water was found to increase by around 10% in the CWS state. A possible explanation may be that the cell wall was further swollen under liquid saturation. The increase in water content located in the cell wall was determined using freezing-point depression. About 11% of the moisture content (MC) was found in cell wall nanopores with sizes ranging from 1.73 nm to 13.80 nm. The discrepancy between the HL and CWS values of the samples was attributed to freezable water in the nanopores of the matrix components and inter-microfibrils. In the drying process, wood shrinkage was further evaluated in the MC region corresponding to the discrepancy, where the tangential and radial dimensions changed slightly.
Quantitative approximation by Stancu-Durrmeyer-Choquet-Šipoš operators
Authors: Gal Sorin G. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper we present general quantitative estimates in terms of the modulus of continuity and of a K-functional, in approximation by the generalized multivariate Stancu-Durrmeyer-Choquet-Šipoš operators

M

n
,

Γ

n
,
x

(
β
,
γ
)

$\begin{array}{}
M_{n, \Gamma_{n, x}}^{(\beta, \gamma)}
\end{array}
$

, with 0 ≤ β ≤ γ, written in terms of Choquet and Šipoš integrals with respect to a family of monotone and submodular set functions, Γ
n, x
, on the standard d-dimensional simplex. If d = 1 and the Choquet integrals are taken with respect to some concrete possibility measures, the estimate in terms of the modulus of continuity is detailed. Examples improving the estimates given by the classical operators also are presented.
Relative topological properties of hyperspaces
Authors: Díaz-Reyes Jesús , Martínez-Ruiz Iván , Ramírez-Páramo Alejandro 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we present the joint study of two main branches of topology, relative properties and hyperspaces, with the aim of giving an answer to Problem 3 in [Arhangeľskii, A. V.: A generic theorem in the theory of cardinal invariants of topological spaces, Comment. Math. Univ. Carolin. 36 (1995), 305–325].
Study on the Mechanical Damage Characteristics of Asphalt Concrete in the Spring Thawing Environment
Authors: Chen Xing , Guo Xuedong , Sun Mingzhi , Guo Wei , Dai Wenting 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Moisture damage under freeze-thaw cycles is one of several serious pavement distresses faced by the majority of transportation agencies. This phenomenon triggers several pavement distresses, thus necessitating pavement maintenance and rehabilitation, which costs the country billions of dollars. In this article, a freeze-soak-scour cycle test was designed to simulate the special environment of the spring thawing season, and the evolution of mechanical properties of the asphalt concrete (AC-16) was studied. Moreover, the influence of freezing, soaking, and scouring (i.e., three separate factors on the mechanical properties of AC-16) were discussed based on the gray relational degree theory. The results illustrated that the freeze factor had a more significant impact on the damage process of AC-16 compared with the soak and scour factor. Finally, the freeze-soak-scour damage model of AC-16 was established and the damage speed and damage degree of AC was quantified based on the logistic judgment model. The model parameter Amax has been used to evaluate the damage degree of the mechanical performance of the AC-16, and model parameter x0.5 has been used to evaluate the damage speed of the mechanical performance of the AC-16.
Sustainable Development with Microsurfacing: A Review
Authors: Bhargava Nishant , Siddagangaiah Anjan Kumar , Ryntathiang Teiborlang Lyngdoh 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In recent times, sustainable development has been the primary focus of research and development in the pavement industry. In this respect, microsurfacing was viewed as sustainable pavement preservation and has emerged as a cost-effective pavement maintenance alternative for enhancing performance, increasing service life, and ensuring safety with minimal environmental impact. In this review, the impact of microsurfacing application on the economic, social, and environmental components were explored from the published literature. Studies show that with microsurfacing application, there was a 31 % savings in cost as compared with conventional hot-mix asphalt. Furthermore, a brief economic analysis was carried out, which confirmed microsurfacing as one of the most cost-effective preventative treatment with minimum equivalent uniform annual cost. However, the economic benefits of microsurfacing were dependent upon distress type and intensity, pavement age, climatic conditions, and traffic volume. In addition, the social benefits included enhanced skid resistance, reduced hydroplaning, better riding quality, and pleasing aesthetic appearance. Moreover, the main environmental benefits of microsurfacing, as reported by various researchers, included low energy consumption, reduced greenhouse gas emission, conservation of natural resources, and reduction in tire-pavement noise. Review also reported the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats of microsurfacing application. Even with certain weakness and probable challenges, application of microsurfacing showed enormous potential for further improvement. Incorporation of recycled or waste materials, compaction prior to opening for traffic, and project-related specifications are some areas for further research. However, certain challenges, like insufficient fund allocation, implementation or performance issues, and production variability, had to be mitigated for smooth and rapid development. Thus, with encouraging results and a promising future, microsurfacing had excelled in both technological and sustainability aspects.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Effects on Memory Consolidation: Timing Matters
Authors: Vorobiova Alicia Nunez , Pozdniakov Ivan , Feurra Matteo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising tool for modulation of learning and memory, allowing to transiently change cortical excitability of specific brain regions with physiological and behavioral outcomes. A detailed exploration of factors that can moderate tDCS effects on episodic long-term memory (LTM) is of high interest due to the clinical potential for patients with traumatic or pathological memory deficits and with cognitive impairments. This commentary discusses findings by Marián et al. (2018) recently published inCortexwithin a broad context of brain stimulation in memory research.
CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL ESSENCE OF IRONY IN MODERN PHILOSOPHY
Authors: Geiko S. M. 
Published: May 2019

The author of article researches the cultural and historical essence of irony in the modern
philosophy. The role of irrational searches of philosophical discourse of modernism in the process
of «irony» term explication is argumented. The possibility of «irony» therapeutical function
execution in post modernistic style of philosophical research is proved.
THE PHENOMENON OF AESTHETICAL ANTROPLOGY IN KONTEST OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN POETIC CINEMA
Authors: Pichenikova S. G. 
Published: May 2019

Becoming of modern philosophical space takes a place in the aspect of interdiscipline approach. As a result of co-operating of philosophy with many humanities, new directions of modern philosophical idea appear. Aesthetical anthropology is one of concepts of modern scientific knowledge which presents the theories of new type. In the structure of the poetic cinema aesthetical anthropology will be realized foremost in an author idea, and also by interpretation of cultural sense initiator through the prism of spectator. A question of development of the cinema art in the context of aesthetical anthropology, is actual and from a
practical side represent «plural» and «many» approaches, in relation to the problems of self - development and self-knowledge of a man.
PHILOSOPHICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF AESTETICS IN POST-CLASSICAL EPOCH
Authors: Skalska Dariia M. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose. To understand the dynamics of aesthetic conception as representative of the main directions of philosophical anthropology, identifying their contribution to the development of aesthetics and expand its research field. The condition of the study of the problem is the evolutionary process of adequateness, authenticity and alternativeness in determination of both the phenomenon of "aesthetic" and its role in philosophical and anthropological convention. Methodology. Both the measurements of aesthetic as a unique, peculiar, specific and aesthetic dimensions of philosophical anthropology /systems of philisophy/ have in sight the necessity to solve the same problem - the identification of new methodological basis. Theoretical results. The experience of theoretical researches of contemporary domestic and foreign philosophical and aesthetic schools іs generalized. The content of phenomenological and existential breakthrough in modern age of aesthetics іs revealed. The essence of "anthropological turn" in European philosophy of 20th century as philosophical paradigm of the modern age and its impact on development of aesthetic theories of post-classical period was investigated. Conclusion. Philosophical and anthropological studies have amounted the "methodological synthesis" that appeared as the theoretical principles of the understanding of aesthetics due to its polystylistics.
COURAGE AND FEAR IN THE CONTEXT OF OPPOSITION OF HUMAN ACTIVITY AND INACTIVITY: EXISTENTIAL ASPECT
Authors: Snitko Dmytro Yu. 
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the article is to analyse fear and courage in the history of philosophy in the context of opposition of human activity and inactivity that may lead to a profound understanding of the essence, causes and existential aspects of human activity and inactivity. The implementation of the objective assumes the solution of the following tasks: analysis of philosophical interpretation of fear and courage; investigation of the relationship of fear and courage with active and passive forms of human being; revelation of existential dialectic of human activity and inactivity through the opposition of fear and courage. Methodology. The application of phenomenological approach and other methods of existential philosophy enabled to discover the importance of fear and courage for human existence. Significant contribution to the importance of the investigation of the fear-courage opposition in the context of human activity and inactivity was made by M. Heidegger who pointed to the main modes of human being - «authentic» and «inauthentic» in the context of human activity and passivity. The application of hermeneutic method made possible the reconstruction of the reflection of fear-courage opposition in the history of philosophy. Scientific novelty. For the first time the analysis of the fear-courage opposition in the context of human activity and inactivity was carried out. Due to the analysis the fundamental existential character of the fear and courage opposition and its essential relationship with active and passive forms of human being were justified. Conclusions. In the course of this research it was found out that fear is closely connected with passive modes of human being. If classical philosophy placed emphasis on courage and associated fear with human mind and conscious decision, non-classical philosophy of the XIX century and existentialism focused on existential and ontological character of fear, its fundamental meaning. These aspects of fear and courage (relation with the mind and ontological character) do not contradict each other, but represent different dimensions of human being – freedom and loneliness in the world. Thus, the opposition of fear and courage has ontological and existential aspects, dialectical character and is closely connected with active and passive modes of human being.
CIVILIZATIONAL AND HISTORICAL ANTHROPOLOGY ASPECTS OF THE «GREEK MIRACLE»
Authors: Spartak Sh. Aytov  
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the work is to study the impact of geographical, social and cultural context, mentality characteristics of historical process of society on the origin and characteristics of the development of intellectual achievement, namely philosophy and science. The purpose of the article is to understand natural, historical, cultural, social and psychological aspects that led to the genesis of cognitive development peculiarities of ancient Greek philosophy of scientific knowledge. Methodology. Methodology of the work contains such cognitive approaches as systematic and structural ones, source study and post-positivist concepts, the theory of local civilizations. Theoretical basis and results: the novelty of this work is in studying the diverse factors that determined the emergence and dynamics of ancient Greek philosophical thought and science as a whole system of interrelated elements. The influence on the genesis of philosophy and science of ancient Hellas, its geographical conditions and geopolitical situation as well as the cultural dialogue with surrounding civilizations, the reception of historical and cultural experience of the previous Hellenic civilization, historical process and mentality of ancient Greeks have been analyzed. Conclusions: the whole cluster of the above mentioned factors had a profound and multi-directional influence on the formation and development of Greek philosophy and science. In addition, each of the factors influenced the original intellectual achievements of Greeks. In particular, the influence of natural factors realized in the formation of skills in the mentality of ancient Greeks has become a prerequisite for philosophizing and scientific knowledge. Geo-political, social and cultural factors have contributed to the geographical expansion of ancient Greeks and their information acquisition about the world. Through the dialogue with other eastern and Mediterranean cultures Greeks mastered intellectually rich and meaningful experience of a number of great civilizations. The precursor forms of intellectual activity have played a significant role in the genesis of ancient Greek philosophy and science. Synergy interaction of these factors has led to rapid development of philosophy and science of ancient Hellas.