bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a satellite formaldehyde – in situ hybrid estimate for organic aerosol abundance
Authors: Liao Jin , Hanisco Thomas F. , Wolfe Glenn M. , St. Clair Jason , Jimenez Jose L. , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Nault Benjamin A. , Fried Alan , Marais Eloise A. , Gonzalez Abad Gonzalo , Chance Kelly , Jethva Hiren T. , Ryerson Thomas B. , Warneke Carsten , Wisthaler Armin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Organic aerosol (OA) is one of the main components of the global particulate
burden and intimately links natural and anthropogenic emissions with air
quality and climate. It is challenging to accurately represent OA in global
models. Direct quantification of global OA abundance is not possible with
current remote sensing technology; however, it may be possible to exploit
correlations of OA with remotely observable quantities to infer OA
spatiotemporal distributions. In particular, formaldehyde (HCHO) and OA share
common sources via both primary emissions and secondary production from
oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here, we examine OA–HCHO
correlations using data from summertime airborne campaigns investigating
biogenic (NASA SEAC4RS and DC3), biomass burning (NASA SEAC4RS), and
anthropogenic conditions (NOAA CalNex and NASA KORUS-AQ). In situ OA
correlates well with HCHO (r=0.59–0.97), and the slope and intercept
of this relationship depend on the chemical regime. For biogenic and
anthropogenic regions, the OA–HCHO slopes are higher in low NOx
conditions, because HCHO yields are lower and aerosol yields are likely
higher. The OA–HCHO slope of wildfires is over 9 times higher than that for
biogenic and anthropogenic sources. The OA–HCHO slope is higher for highly
polluted anthropogenic sources (e.g., KORUS-AQ) than less polluted (e.g.,
CalNex) anthropogenic sources. Near-surface OAs over the continental US are
estimated by combining the observed in situ relationships with HCHO column
retrievals from NASA's Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). HCHO vertical
profiles used in OA estimates are from climatology a priori profiles in the
OMI HCHO retrieval or output of specific period from a newer version of
GEOS-Chem. Our OA estimates compare well with US EPA IMPROVE data obtained
over summer months (e.g., slope =0.60–0.62, r=0.56 for August 2013),
with correlation performance comparable to intensively validated GEOS-Chem
(e.g., slope =0.57, r=0.56) with IMPROVE OA and superior to the
satellite-derived total aerosol extinction (r=0.41) with IMPROVE OA. This
indicates that OA estimates are not very sensitive to these HCHO vertical
profiles and that a priori profiles from OMI HCHO retrieval have a similar
performance to that of the newer model version in estimating OA. Improving
the detection limit of satellite HCHO and expanding in situ airborne HCHO and
OA coverage in future missions will improve the quality and spatiotemporal
coverage of our OA estimates, potentially enabling constraints on global OA
distribution.
Evaluating models' response of tropical low clouds to SST forcings using CALIPSO observations
Authors: Cesana Grégory , Del Genio Anthony D. , Ackerman Andrew S. , Kelley Maxwell , Elsaesser Gregory , Fridlind Ann M. , Cheng Ye , Yao Mao-Sung 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Recent studies have shown that, in response to a surface warming,
the marine tropical low-cloud cover (LCC) as observed by passive-sensor
satellites substantially decreases, therefore generating a smaller negative
value of the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) cloud radiative effect (CRE). Here we
study the LCC and CRE interannual changes in response to sea surface
temperature (SST) forcings in the GISS model E2 climate model, a
developmental version of the GISS model E3 climate model, and in 12 other
climate models, as a function of their ability to represent the vertical
structure of the cloud response to SST change against 10 years of CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared
Pathfinder Satellite Observations) observations.
The more realistic models (those that satisfy the observational
constraint) capture the observed interannual LCC change quite well
(ΔLCC/ΔSST=-3.49±1.01 % K−1 vs.
ΔLCC/ΔSSTobs=-3.59±0.28 % K−1) while the
others largely underestimate it (ΔLCC/ΔSST=-1.32±1.28 % K−1). Consequently, the more realistic models simulate more
positive shortwave (SW) feedback (ΔCRE/ΔSST=2.60±1.13 W m−2 K−1)
than the less realistic models (ΔCRE/ΔSST=0.87±2.63 W m−2 K−1), in better agreement with the
observations (ΔCRE/ΔSSTobs=3±0.26 W m−2 K−1),
although slightly underestimated. The ability of the models to
represent moist processes within the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and produce
persistent stratocumulus (Sc) decks appears crucial to replicating the observed
relationship between clouds, radiation and surface temperature. This
relationship is different depending on the type of low clouds in the
observations. Over stratocumulus regions, cloud-top height increases slightly
with SST, accompanied by a large decrease in cloud fraction, whereas over
trade cumulus (Cu) regions, cloud fraction decreases everywhere, to a smaller
extent.
SURFACE AND ADHESION PROPERTIES STUDY OF PROPHYLACTIC LUBRICANTS BORDER LAYERS ON METALLIC SURFACE
Authors: Kondrasheva Natalia K. , Zyryanova Olga V. , V. Kireeva Elizaveta V. 
Published: March 2019

This study is aimed the developing the special petroleum products, namely, preventive lubricants (PL) used in the field of solid minerals transportation. The surface and adhesion characteristics of the prophylactic compositions developed earlier on the basis of thermodestructive and thermocatalytic processes products of oil refining are investigated. It is set that the prophylactic agents contain the far of surface active substances, such as resins, pyrobitumens and other polyaromatic hydrocarbon compounds: in the heavy gas-oil of the catalytic cracking their content is above 45.96 %, in an easy gas-oil – 15.07 %, that results in the improvement of viscosity-temperature properties of products and promotes their oiling ability. The basic amount of compounds with high superficial activity is contained in heavy fractions of oil, and in the process of processing concentrated in a petroleum residue - petroleum tar that was used as depression addition in mixtures of prophylactic agents. For protecting of metallic surfaces of mountain transport from a direct contact with the transported material in the conditions of the lowered temperatures it is recommended to apply composition of the catalytic cracking mixtures with content of petroleum tar from 2 to 5%. <span style="opacity: 0;"> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </span>
Evaluation of the Effect of Ethephon in Postharvest Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
Authors: Devi Urmi Rani , Begum Ayesha , Yeasmin Nilufa 
Published: March 2019

Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of applying ethephon on postharvest tomato.
Study Design: Completely Randomized Design (CRD).
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Applied Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Food Processing and Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology of Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh. It was conducted for a period of six months from 1st January, 2018 to 30th June, 2018.
Methodology: TSS (Total Soluble Solid) was determined by using hand refractometer, proximate composition by standard AOAC method, vitamin C and β-carotene by UV-spectrophotometric method, sodium and potassium by flame photometric method, titratable acidity, calcium and magnesium by titremetric method. To compare differences in control and treated group, significant difference was considered at the level of P<0.05.
Results: Ethephon treated tomatoes ripen quickly with attractive surface color and had shorter shelf life than non-treated tomatoes (control). Physico-chemical properties including total soluble solid and titratable acidity increased significantly (P<0.05) in treated group (4.66±0.57°B; 0.32±0.01% respectively) than control (3.33±0.57°B; 0.28±0.01% respectively). Moisture content also significantly (P<0.05) increased in ethephon treated tomato (94.15±0.27g/100g) than non-treated (85.54±0.23g/100g). But significantly lower amount of carbohydrate, ash, crude fiber were observed in artificially ripened tomato by ethephon (2.5±0.45g/100g; 0.51±0.02g/100g; 0.82±0.03g/100g respectively) than naturally ripened (3.7±0.26g/100g; 0.59±0.01g/100g; 0.90±0.01g/100g respectively). Apparently protein and fat content were found insignificantly less amount in artificially ripened tomato by ethephon. The significant lowest concentration of vitamin C and β-carotene were observed in ethephon ripened tomato (16.65±0.01mg/100g; 413.33±1.15μg/100g respectively). Mineral contents of ethephon treated tomato (Na 3.65±0.47mg/100g; K 199±1.00mg/100g; Ca 4.75±0.07mg/100g; Mg 8.57±0.19mg/100g) found significantly (P<0.05) fewer amounts than control tomato (Na 3.96±0.01mg/100g; K 213.67±0.57 mg/100g; Ca 5.57±0.15mg/100g; Mg 9.96±0.04mg/100g).
Conclusion: Application of ethephon on postharvest tomato hastens ripening time and physico-chemical properties but reduces shelf life and nutritive value of tomato.
The Role of Serum Alpha-Amylase and Glycogen Synthase in the Anti-Diabetic Potential of Terminalia catappa Aqueous Leaf Extract in Diabetic Wistar Rats
Authors: Ben Ezekiel E. , Asuquo Asuquo E. , Owu D. U. 
Published: March 2019

Background: The endocrinal abnormalities in diabetes mellitus as one of the numerous metabolic disorders is associated with derangement in exocrine functions of the pancreas and ultimately influences blood glucose regulation.
Aim: The study was aimed at assessing the role of alpha-amylase and glycogen synthase in anti-diabetic potential of Terminalia catappa in diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: Thirty five (35) Wistar rats were assigned to 5 groups of 7 animals each. Group 1 served as the control administered distilled water at 5ml/kg bodyweight and group 2 was a non diabetic group given orally, 130/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa. Groups 3, 4 and 5 received a single dose of 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan solution intraperitoneally to induce diabetes and rats with blood glucose levels ≥200mg/dl after 72 hours were considered diabetic. This was followed by oral administration of 5ml/kg bodyweight of distilled water, 130mg/kg body weight of Terminalia catappa leaf extract orally and subcutaneous administration of insulin, 0.75U/kg body weight to groups 3 (diabetic), 4(diabetic + extract) and 5 (diabetic + insulin) respectively.
Results: The results showed significant (P<.05) increase in serum level of alpha-amylase and glycogen synthase in both non-diabetic extract treated and diabetic groups when compared to control. But these enzymes significantly (P<.05) reduced in diabetic extract and insulin treated groups when compared to the diabetic group.
Conclusion: Therefore the hypoglycaemic potential of Terminalia catappa leaf extract could be attributed to its ability to reduce alpha-amylase level while lowered glycogen synthase might be secondary to reduction in blood glucose.
Comparative Profiling of Solvent-mediated Phytochemical Expressions in Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Tissues via FTIR Spectroscopy and Colorimetric Assays
Authors: Tella Josephine Oluwagbemisola , Oseni Saheed Oluwasina 
Published: March 2019

Objective: The beneficial role of extraction solvents is often ignored, yet very important in enhancing the therapeutic potential of plant extracts. This study was carried out to comparatively characterize and profile the bioactive phytochemical compounds expressed in different solvent-fractions of Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts using both colorimetric phytochemical screening assays and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
Methods: Qualitative colorimetric assays were carried out on different solvent-fractions of leaf tissue extracts from both plants to determine the comparative expression profiles of bioactive phytochemical compounds with medicinal importance such as alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phlobatannins, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and reducing sugars. FTIR spectroscopy was used to characterize, and profile the presence of these compounds based on functional groups such as alcohols (O-H), saturated hydrocarbons (C-H), aliphatic fluoro (C-F), bromo (C-Br) and chloro (C-Cl) compounds, organic sulfates (S=O), esters, ethers, carboxylic acids (C-O), aromatic amines, methane nitriles (C-N), ketones, aldehydes, quinones (C=O), sulfur compounds (C=S), primary and secondary amines (N-H) with bioactive properties in the different solvent-fractions.
Results: Data were generated for methanol, n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, n-butanol and aqueous solvent-fractions of Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts. We have generated solvent-mediated phytochemical expression profiles for leaf tissue extracts of both plants based on the phytochemistry of their secondary metabolites. The methanolic solvent-fraction expressed the most phytochemicals in both plants.
Conclusion: This study has revitalized the importance of extraction solvents in optimizing phytochemical bioavailability in plant tissues. This may be responsible for variation in medicinal and biological activities reported in prior studies.
Tuning Oxygen Vacancies in Ultrathin TiO2 Nanosheets to Boost Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation up to 700 nm
Authors: Zhao Yunxuan , Zhao Yufei , Shi Run , Wang Bin , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Wu Li‐Zhu , Tung Chen‐Ho , Zhang Tierui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDinitrogen reduction to ammonia using transition metal catalysts is central to both the chemical industry and the Earth's nitrogen cycle. In the Haber–Bosch process, a metallic iron catalyst and high temperatures (400 °C) and pressures (200 atm) are necessary to activate and cleave NN bonds, motivating the search for alternative catalysts that can transform N2 to NH3 under far milder reaction conditions. Here, the successful hydrothermal synthesis of ultrathin TiO2 nanosheets with an abundance of oxygen vacancies and intrinsic compressive strain, achieved through a facile copper‐doping strategy, is reported. These defect‐rich ultrathin anatase nanosheets exhibit remarkable and stable performance for photocatalytic reduction of N2 to NH3 in water, exhibiting photoactivity up to 700 nm. The oxygen vacancies and strain effect allow strong chemisorption and activation of molecular N2 and water, resulting in unusually high rates of NH3 evolution under visible‐light irradiation. Therefore, this study offers a promising and sustainable route for the fixation of atmospheric N2 using solar energy.
A Novel Hybrid‐Layered Organic Phototransistor Enables Efficient Intermolecular Charge Transfer and Carrier Transport for Ultrasensitive Photodetection
Authors: Gao Yuanhong , Yi Ya , Wang Xinwei , Meng Hong , Lei Dangyuan , Yu Xue‐Feng , Chu Paul K. , Li Jia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe interfacial charge effect is crucial for high‐sensitivity organic phototransistors (OPTs), but conventional layered and hybrid OPTs have a trade‐off in balancing the separation, transport, and recombination of photogenerated charges, consequently impacting the device performance. Herein, a novel hybrid‐layered phototransistor (HL‐OPT) is reported with significantly improved photodetection performance, which takes advantages of both the charge‐trapping effect (CTE) and efficient carrier transport. The HL‐OPT consisting of 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (C8‐BTBT) as conduction channel, C8‐BTBT:[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) bulk heterojunction as photoactive layer, and sandwiched MoO3 interlayer as a charge‐transport interlayer exhibits outstanding photodetection characteristics such as a photosensitivity (Ilight/Idark) of 2.9 × 106, photoresponsivity (R) of 8.6 × 103 A W−1, detectivity (D*) of 3.4 × 1014 Jones, and external quantum efficiency of 3 × 106% under weak light illumination of 32 µW cm−2. The mechanism and strategy described here provide new insights into the design and optimization of high‐performance OPTs spanning the ultraviolet and near infrared (NIR) range as well as fundamental issues pertaining to the electronic and photonic properties of the devices.
Large‐Area Low‐Cost Dielectric Perfect Absorber by One‐Step Sputtering
Authors: Wang Shaowei , Chen Feiliang , Ji Ruonan , Hou Mingming , Yi Fei , Zheng Weibo , Zhang Tao , Lu Wei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPerfect absorbers with extremely high absorption are of crucial importance for many applications such as harvesting solar energy and eliminating stray light. A key point for their applications is ultralow photon escaping rate (PER) with easy fabrication process, which enables to maximize energy utilization or minimize the influence of stray light. An ultrathin perfect absorber (total thickness of 226 nm) is reported in this work with dielectric plasmonic nanocomposite (titanium nitride (TiN) embedded in aluminum nitride (AlN)) and antireflective coating (ARC). It can be fabricated by low‐cost one‐step sputtering approach in a very large area (200 × 200 mm2 for demonstration) on almost any substrates, including flexible polyethylene‐terephthalate. The average PER is only 0.4% in the whole visible range of 400–750 nm. As an example, the absorber is used in a laser scanning confocal microscope to eliminate the strong laser stray light and enhance the signal‐to‐noise ratio, which improves the clarity and contrast of imaging remarkably. It can not only match the requirement of harvesting solar energy, but also is suitable for stray light elimination of weak signal detection instruments, etc.
Mechanistic Insights and Rational Design of a Versatile Surface with Cells/Bacteria Recognition Capability via Orientated Fusion Peptides
Authors: Wang Lin , Chen Junjian , Zeng Xiangze , Cheung Peter Pak‐Hang , Zheng Xiaoyan , Xie Liangxu , Shi Xuetao , Ren Li , Huang Xuhui , Wang Yingjun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHospital‐acquired infection causes many deaths worldwide and calls for the urgent need for antibacterial biomaterials used in clinic that can selectively kill harmful bacteria. The present study rationally designs fusion peptides capable of undergoing 2D self‐assembly on the poly(methyl methacrylate) surface to form a smart surface, which can maintain a desirable orientation via electrostatic interactions. The in vitro assay shows that the smart surface can recognize bacteria to exert antibacterial activity and is nontoxic toward mouse bone mesenchymal stem cells. Excitingly, the smart surface can distinguish different bacterial strains. This selective feature, from being broad‐spectrum to being highly selective against S. aureus, can be altered by varying the number of amino acids in the recognition sequences. By all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations, it is also found that the recognition sequence in the peptide is critical for the selectivity toward specific bacterial strains, in which a less accessible surface area for the bacteria in the antimicrobial peptide sequence is responsible for such selectivity. Finally, the smart surface can inhibit S. aureus infection in vivo with much more rapid tissue‐healing compared to the control.
Biomass‐Derived 3D Carbon Aerogel with Carbon Shell‐Confined Binary Metallic Nanoparticles in CNTs as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Microfluidic Direct Ethylene Glycol Fuel Cells
Authors: Raj kumar T. , Gnana kumar G. , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFlexible and 3D carbon aerogels (CAs) composed of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with carbon shell‐confined binary palladium–nickel (Pdx–Niy) nanocatalysts on carbon fibers (Pdx–Niy/NSCNT/CA) have been developed through a facile chemical vapor deposition method. The 3D porous carbon network and the synergistic effect of carbon shell‐confined bimetal nanoparticles of rationally constructed aerogels facilitate enhanced electrocatalytic and antipoisoning activities toward ethylene glycol (EG) oxidation reaction compared to the commercial Pt/C catalyst. With the 3D morphological features and direct growth of Pd–Ni bimetallic nanoparticles encapsulated CNTs on carbon fibers, the Pd52–Ni48/NSCNT/CA delivers a maximum microfluidic direct ethylene glycol fuel cell (µDEGFC) power density and durability of, respectively, 62.8 mW cm−2 and 60 h. The superior performance observed, with Pd52–Ni48/NSCNT/CA amongst the catalysts reported in the literature, opens an exciting research avenue towards powering next‐generation, portable electronics.
2D Layered Double Hydroxides for Oxygen Evolution Reaction: From Fundamental Design to Application
Authors: Lv Lin , Yang Zhaoxi , Chen Kun , Wang Chundong , Xiong Yujie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has aroused extensive interest from materials scientists in the past decade by virtue of its great significance in the energy storage/conversion systems such as water splitting, rechargeable metal–air batteries, carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction, and fuel cells. Among all the materials capable of catalyzing OER, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) stand out as one of the most effective electrocatalysts owing to their compositional and structural flexibility as well as the tenability and the simplicity of their preparation process. For this reason, numerous efforts have been dedicated to adjusting the structure, forming the well‐defined morphology, and developing the preparation methods of LDHs to promote their electrocatalytic performance. In this article, recent advances in the rational design of LDH‐based electrocatalysts toward OER are summarized. Specifically, various tactics for the synthetic methods, as well as structural and composition regulations of LDHs, are further highlighted, followed by a discussion on the influential factors for OER performance. Finally, the remaining challenges to investigate and improve the catalyzing ability of LDH electrocatalysts are stated to indicate possible future development of LDHs.
Integration of transcriptional and mutational data simplifies the stratification of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Maura Francesco , Agnelli Luca , Leongamornlert Daniel , Bolli Niccolò , Chan Wing C. , Dodero Anna , Carniti Cristiana , Heavican Tayla B. , Pellegrinelli Alessio , Pruneri Giancarlo , Butler Adam , Bhosle Shriram G. , Chiappella Annalisa , Di Rocco Alice , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Zaja Francesco , Piva Roberto , Inghirami Giorgio , Wang Wenyi , Palomero Teresa , Iqbal Javeed , Neri Antonino , Campbell Peter J. , Corradini Paolo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe histological diagnosis of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) can represent a challenge, particularly in the case of closely related entities such as angioimmunoblastic T‐lymphoma (AITL), PTCL‐not otherwise specified (PTCL‐NOS), and ALK‐negative anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma (ALCL). Although gene expression profiling and next generations sequencing have been proven to define specific features recurrently associated with distinct entities, genomic‐based stratifications have not yet led to definitive diagnostic criteria and/or entered into the routine clinical practice. Herein, to improve the current molecular classification between AITL and PTCL‐NOS, we analyzed the transcriptional profiles from 503 PTCLs stratified according to their molecular configuration and integrated them with genomic data of recurrently mutated genes (RHOA
G17V, TET2, IDH2
R172, and DNMT3A) in 53 cases (39 AITLs and 14 PTCL‐NOSs) included in the series. Our analysis unraveled that the mutational status of RHOA
G17V, TET2, and DNMT3A poorly correlated, individually, with peculiar transcriptional fingerprints. Conversely, in IDH2
R172 samples a strong transcriptional signature was identified that could act as a surrogate for mutational status. The integrated analysis of clinical, mutational, and molecular data led to a simplified 19‐gene signature that retains high accuracy in differentiating the main nodal PTCL entities. The expression levels of those genes were confirmed in an independent cohort profiled by RNA‐sequencing.