bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The depth of the facial nerve in the mastoid bone
Authors: Kumar B. Y. Praveen , Chandrashekhar K. T. , Veena Pani M. K. , K. C. Sunil , S. Anand Kumar , . Thanzeemunisa , Leivang Vanlalhriati 
Published: March 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The hallmark of the temporal bone is variation. Various important structures like the facial nerve run in the temporal bone at various depths which can be injured during mastoidectomy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Twenty wet cadaveric temporal bones were dissected. A cortical mastoidectomy was performed followed by a canal wall down mastoidectomy and the depth of the vertical segment of the facial nerve in the mastoid was determined. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean depth of the second genu was 13.82 mm. The mean depth of the stylomastoid foramen was 12.75 mm and the mean distance from the annulus at 6’0 clock to the stylomastoid foramen was 10.22 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is significant variation in the average depth of the facial nerve in the mastoid. </p>
Investigation of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata and M. longifolia (L.) L. subsp. typhoides (Briq.) Harley Decoction and Infusion
Authors: Özer Züleyha 
Published: March 2018

In present study, we report phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of decoction
and infusion of Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata
and M. longifolia (L.) L. subsp. typhoides (Briq.) Harley. The quantitative
amounts of the phenolic contents were determined by LC-MS/MS. The main compounds and amounts of M. spicata were
determined as follow for decoction; caffeic acid, quercetagetin-3,6-dimethylether
and penduletin (4126.6; 2141.5; 1472.7 mg/kg dried herba, respectively), for infusion;
fumaric acid, t-ferulic acid and caffeic acid (4220.1; 1148.7; 1064.1 mg/kg dried herba,
respectively). While phenolic
compounds in M. longifolia decoction were
presented as follow; rosmarinic acid, luteolin and
quercetagetin-3,6-dimethylether (1570.7; 460.9; 420.2 mg/kg dried herba, respectively), for
infusion; rosmarinic acid, luteolin and fumaric acid (620.9; 518.2; 489.8 mg/kg dried herba,
respectively). Also the antioxidant activities were determined based on three methods:
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, β-carotene
linoleic acid assays and cupric (Cu2+) ion reducing power
assay (CUPRAC). For all the activity assays, infusion and decoction
of the samples showed good activity.
Pulsos y probabilidad de ocurrencia de inundación de la laguna de Fúquene
Authors: Jimenez-Sanchez Juan David , Villamizar-Martin Jimmy , Zamudio-Huertas Eduardo 
Published: March 2018

Se evalúan en este trabajo los registros diarios de los niveles de agua que se obtienen de la estación limnimétrica Chalet Norte con código 2401720 ubicada en la Laguna de Fúquene y operada por la CAR (Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca). El periodo de análisis fue desde el año 1996 hasta Abril de 2017, con el fin de hallar los pulsos de inundación ajustados a los niveles de agua según diferentes categorías de amenaza de inundación de la Laguna. Además se incluye el régimen temporal mensual de las diferentes categorías de amenaza de inundación, se determinaron los años y meses más lluviosos. Se analizó la probabilidad de ocurrencia de cuantos días continuos puede igualar o exceder el nivel de referencia para las diferentes categorías de amenaza. Con la información anterior se analizó la importancia de proporcionar factores de seguridad y de prevención en las obras ingenieriles de la Laguna de Fúquene, y las cuencas aledañas con áreas de afectación y zonas perimetrales, que se ven afectadas por el cambio de nivel de la Laguna.
Beyond the MDG water target to universal water coverage in Ghana: the key transformative shifts required
Authors: Monney Isaac , Antwi-Agyei Prince 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Ghana achieved its Millennium Development Goal (MDG) water target about a decade before the 2015 deadline. However, as the world shifts focus to achieving sustainable universal water coverage, there is the need for redoubled efforts to keep up this feat. This paper examines the success drivers and the major transformative shifts required to sustain efforts in Ghana's water sector. The findings indicate that the successes chalked in Ghana's water sector have been largely fuelled by strong donor support and a well organised institutional and policy framework. About 90% of funding for the sector has been contributed by donors and creditors while actual government expenditure remains below 0.5% of GDP. The country has a strong policy and institutional framework guiding developments in the water sector. Nevertheless, the dwindling donor support, poor cost recovery mechanisms in the sector, ineffective strategies for ensuring human right to water, unbridled pollution of freshwater resources, poor borehole construction, and poor environmental sanitation across the country threaten to unwind the progress made in the sector. Without a paradigm shift, these could potentially derail efforts at achieving and sustaining universal water coverage. The paper discusses how these issues can be addressed to ensure universal access to potable water in the country.
Three-dimensional modeling of steady-state flow in lake bank filtration – Brazil
Authors: Rocha Silvia Fernandes , Marques Eduardo Antonio Gomes 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Lake bank filtration (LBF) is an alternative technique of water catchment. LBF has been used by several countries for more than 100 years as pre-treatment for water supply and hydrogeological characterization studies. LBF studies are still recent and essentially focus on water quality with little or no hydrogeological approach. The benefits obtained through this technique were the reason for the implementation of a pilot project on LBF on the lake banks of the ‘lake’ at the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) in the city of Viçosa (MG), southeastern Brazil. Several hydrogeological studies were carried out in this research. In this article, we highlight the study by means of three-dimensional modeling of steady-state flow to learn the characteristics of the aquifer and its interaction with the ‘lake’. The three-dimensional numerical model of steady-state flow was elaborated for interpretative and predictive purposes. The results demonstrated the potential of the LBF system and how it can be used as an alternative for the UFV campus. The exposed scenario can help groundwater management in the study area.
Improve the biodegradability of post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater with ozone: conversion of phenols and N-heterocyclic compounds
Authors: Yang Libin , Si Buchun , Martins Marcio Arêdes , Watson Jamison , Chu Huaqiang , Zhang Yuanhui , Tan Xiaobo , Zhou Xuefei , Zhang Yalei 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction is a promising technology to convert wet biomass into bio-oil. However, post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) is also produced during the process. This wastewater contains a high concentration of organic compounds, including phenols and N-heterocyclic compounds which are two main inhibitors for biological treatment. Thus, proper treatment is required. In this work, ozone was used to convert phenols and N-heterocyclic compounds with a dosage range of 0–4.64 mg O3/mL PHWW. After ozone treatment, the phenols were fully converted, and acids were produced. However, N-heterocyclic compounds were found to have a low conversion rate (21.7%). The kinetic analysis for the degradation of phenols and N-heterocyclic compounds showed that the substitute played an important role in determining the priority of ozone reactions. The OH moiety in the ring compounds (phenols and pyridinol) may form hydroxyl radical, which lead to an efficient reaction. A substantial improved biodegradability of PHWW was observed after ozone treatment. The ratio of BOD5/COD was increased by about 32.36%, and reached a maximum of 0.41. The improved biodegradability of PHWW was justified by the conversion of phenols and N-heterocyclic compounds.
Rheology and friction loss of raw and digested sewage sludge with high TSS concentrations: a case study
Authors: Füreder K. , Svardal K. , Krampe J. , Kroiss H. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
High total suspended solids (TSS) digestion of municipal sewage sludge reduces the required space and volume for digestion plants. However, an important consequence of high TSS is the major influence on sludge rheology. The present case study investigates the rheology of sludge from a 130 m3 high solids digestion pilot plant at Vienna's main wastewater treatment plant (4 M PE120). Raw sludge ranged from 6 to 8% TSS and digested sludge from 3.2 to 4.6%. TSS show an exponential impact on rheological parameters. Increasing raw sludge TSS from 6 to 8% at least doubles the shear stress and increases friction loss by a factor of three. However, under real operating conditions simulated at the pilot plant, there are additional impact factors. The mixing ratio between waste activated and primary sludge influences raw sludge rheology, while solids retention time and loss on ignition affects digested sludge rheology. Nevertheless, friction loss calculations based on a simple power law relationship between shear rate and shear stress proved to be applicable and sufficiently accurate for both raw and digested sludge with high TSS. Altogether, this case study underlines the relevance of comprehensive rheological considerations, measurements and calculations when designing high TSS sludge digestion.
Carboxylate-functionalized sugarcane bagasse as an effective and renewable adsorbent to remove methylene blue
Authors: Wang Su-nv , Li Ping , Gu Jing-jing , Liang Hao , Wu Jin-hua 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This study prepared a carboxylate-functionalized sugarcane bagasse (CF-SCB) from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) via a simple and low-toxicity chemical modification to enhance its capacity for adsorbing methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The success of chemical modification was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the pore area and porosity, and zeta potential measurement analysis. The adsorption capacity of CF-SCB was investigated at different pHs, ionic strengths, temperatures, contact times and initial dye concentrations. Equilibrium data were best described by the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of CF-SCB (296.74 mg g−1) was greatly improved compared with SCB (77.16 mg g−1) at 30 °C. The thermodynamic study indicated that MB adsorption onto CF-SCB was a spontaneous, endothermic and entropy increased process. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order mode, and the adsorption mechanism was based on electrostatic interactions. The reusability study showed that CF-SCB had reasonably good reuse potential. All the results suggested that CF-SCB has high potential to be used as an effective and renewable adsorbent for MB removal from wastewater.
HARMONISASI DAN SINKRONISASI PENGATURAN KELEMBAGAAN SERTIFIKASI HALAL TERKAIT PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN MUSLIM INDONESIA
Authors: Suparto Susilowati , D Djanuardi , Yuanitasari Deviana , Suwandono Agus 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIndonesia is a country with a majority Muslim population is responsible for the comfort and certainty to consume halal products. Halal assurance of any product in Indonesia has been delegated by the State to LPOM MUI. In a further development based on Law No. 33 2014 On Halal Product Guarantee, that the authority for the implementation of halal certification in Indonesia is conducted by BPJPH. The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the arrangement of the halal certification management organization in Indonesia associated with the Act No. 33 of 2014 On Halal Product Guarantee and to determine and analyze how should halal certification management organization modelsby BPJPH. The results of this study, the first in the halal certification management organization held by BPJPH, but the Act of JPH provide 3 years for the establishment of BPJPH in accordance with the Act of JPH, as a result until now the halal certification management organization is still held by LPPOM MUI, which both models of BPJH in the management of halal certification under the Act of JPH still involve collaboration with other agencies and institutions.IntisariIndonesia merupakan negara yang mayoritas penduduknya beragama Islam bertanggung jawab terhadap kenyamanan dan kepastian untuk mengkonsumsi produk yang halal. Jaminan atas kehalalan setiap produk yang ada di Indonesia selama ini di delegasikan oleh Negara kepada LPOM MUI. Dalam perkembangan selanjutnya berdasarkan UU No. 33 Tahun 2014 Tentang Jaminan Produk Halal, bahwa kewenangan untuk penyelenggaraan sertifikasi halal di Indonesia dilaksanakan oleh BPJPH. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaturan kelembagaan penyelenggaraan sertifikasi halal di Indonesia dikaitkan dengan UU No. 33 Tahun 2014 Tentang Jaminan Produk Halal dan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimakah sebaiknya model kelembagaan penyelenggaran sertifikasi halal oleh BPJPH. Hasil dari penelitian ini, yang pertama dalam penyelenggaraan kelembagaan sertifikasi halal dipegang oleh BPJPH, namun UU JPH memberikan waktu 3 tahun untuk berdirinya BPJPH yang sesuai dengan UU JPH, sehingga sampai saat ini kelembagaan penyelenggaraan sertifikasi halal masih dipegang oleh LPPOM MUI, yang kedua model BPJH dalam penyelenggaraan sertifikasi halal berdasarkan UU JPH tetap melibatkan kerjasama dengan instansi dan lembaga terkait.
Potensi TIK dalam Meningkatkan Daya Tampung LPTK bagi Guru dalam Jabatan di Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Sabon Simon Sili 
Published: March 2018

The goals of this study are: 1) to identify various kinds of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) which are currently used by teacherâ€™s colleges (TC) in lecturingprocess, and 2) to identify any other kinds of ICTâ€™s which can be used by TC. This study is aÂ case study conducted in South Sulawesi. The data collecting method is Focus Group DiscussionÂ (FGD) with the stakeholders of the academic qualification upgrading of the in-service-teachers.Study findings are: 1) the currently ICT used by TC are computer/laptop, LCD/in-focus and alsoÂ internet technology. The use this kinds of ICT is only as supplement, just for smoothing theÂ lecturing process. The use of this kinds of ICT is not yet for increasing the capacity of TC;Â 2) among the various kinds of ICT which are potential to increase the capacity of TC areÂ television and radio. Besides that, the lecturing materials saved in the form of cassette/CD/VCD/DVD will be very useful for increasing the capacity of TC.Â ABSTRAKÂ Tujuan studi ini dimaksudkan untuk:Â 1) mengidentifikasi berbagai jenis Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) yang saat ini dimanfaatkan LPTK dalam perkuliahan dan 2) mengidentifikasi berbagai jenis TIK lainnya yang berpotensi dapat dimanfaatkan LPTK. Studi ini merupakan suatu studi kasus yang dilakukan di Sulawesi Selatan. Pengumpulan data studi ini menggunakan metode Focus Group Discussion(FGD) dengan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan dalam peningkatan kualifikasi akademik guru dalam jabatan. Temuan studi adalah: 1) jenis jenis TIK yang digunakan oleh LPTK saat ini antara lain komputer/laptop, LCDatau in-focus dan juga pemanfaatan teknologi internet. Pada umumnya jenis TIK yang digunakan ini hanya sebagai pelengkap atau suplemen saja, yaitu memperlancar perkuliahan. Pemanfaatan jenis TIK ini belum dapat meningkatkan daya tampung LPTK; 2) dari berbagai jenis TIK yang berpotensi meningkatkan daya tampung LPTK bagi guru dalam jabatan yaitu televisi dan radio. Selain itu, materi kuliah yang disimpan dalam bentuk kaset/CD/VCD/DVD akan sangat bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan daya tampung LPTK.
Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Sejarah SMA Berbasis Pendidikan Karakter di Solo Raya
Authors: Agung S. Leo 
Published: March 2018

This exploratory study aims to: 1) determine objectives, materials, methods, mediaÂ and evaluation of history teaching in senior secondary schools; 2) identify factors that supportÂ and inhibit history teaching in senior secondary schools; 3) exploit the understanding of historyÂ teachers of senior secondary schools on history teaching models; and 4) establish a model forÂ character education based-history learning. Research subjects are history teachers of seniorÂ secondary schools in Solo Raya. Data were collected using observation, interviews, documentÂ analysis, questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion techniques, and analyzed using the methodÂ of qualitative interactive model. The results showed that: 1) purpose of history teaching inculcateÂ the spirit of nationalism, love of nation and homeland; materials in accordance with the ContentÂ Standards; lecture methods varies, power point media, film and Liquid Crystal Display, while the evaluation is still tend to focus on cognitive aspects; 2) supporting factor of history teachingÂ is the development of innovative learning models, while the inhibiting factors are the lackÂ number of BSE book and discrimination on the subjects; 3) majority of history teachers ofÂ senior secondary schools have understood the learning models, and 4) completion of the Critical,Â Creative, Chain and Character model (KKBB).Â ABSTRAKPenelitian eksploratif ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui tujuan, materi, metode, media, dan evaluasi pembelajaran Sejarah di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA); 2) mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor pendukung dan penghambat pembelajaran Sejarah di SMA; 3) mengeksploitasi pemahaman guru-guru Sejarah di SMA terhadap model-model pembelajaran Sejarah; dan 4) menyusun model Pembelajaran Sejarah Berbasis Pendidikan Karakter. Subjek penelitian adalah guru-guru Sejarah SMA Solo Raya. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, analisis dokumen, angket dan Focus Group Discussion. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis kualitatif model interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa: 1) tujuan pembelajaran Sejarah menanamkan semangat kebangsaan, cinta bangsa dan tanah air; materiÂ sesuai dengan Standar Isi; metode ceramah bervariasi, media power point, film dan Liquid Crystal Display, sedangkan evaluasinya masih banyak pada aspek kognitif; 2) Faktor pendukung pembelajaran Sejarah, yaitu adanya model-model pembelajaran inovatif, faktor penghambatnya buku BSE yang minim, dan adanya diskriminatif mata pelajaran; 3) sebagian besar guru-guru SMA telah memahami model-model pembelajaran; dan 4) tersusunnya model Kritis, Kreatif, Berantai dan Berkarakter (KKBB).
ECD Indicators and Nutritional Status of Grade R Children: An Interest to Social Workers
Authors: Ronaasen Jessica Elizabeth , Steenkamp Liana , Wilson Teresa Margaret , Venter Danie , Elkonin Diane 
Published: March 2018

Provision of early childhood development (ECD) stimulation and adequate nutrition should be a priority for social workers who monitor ECD programmes. The objective of this study was to assess and describe ECD indicators in the context of the nutritional status of preschool children in an underprivileged community of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was selected using a quantitative approach. The study population consisted of children older than 60Â months, and in GradeÂ R classes. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to determine associations between the nutritional status and ECD indicators. Children in the sample (nÂ =Â 105) had a mean height-for-age z-score (HAZ) of âˆ’0.68 (SDÂ =Â 0.91), with 11 children of the sample classified as stunted or short for their age. The assessments of the ECD indicators revealed that 30Â per cent of the participantsâ€™ ability levels in the domains of social-emotional development, physical-motor development and cognitive development did not meet age-appropriate requirements. Stunted children performed worse across all domains, particularly in terms of physical-motor development being significantly (pÂ <Â 0.05) poorer than children with normal height for their age.
Нужен ли учащейся молодежи Калмыкии калмыцкий язык (по материалам социологических исследований 2015 и 2017 гг.)
Authors: Namrueva Liudmila V. 
Published: March 2018

Одним из языков в России, который имеет некоторую опасность исчезновения, является калмыцкий язык — язык титульного этноса Республики Калмыкия. Социологические исследования показывают, что активных носителей языка становится все меньше. Язык из разряда реального этнодифференцирующего признака становится символическим признаком народа. Калмыцкий язык в качестве средства коммуникации в молодежной среде используется достаточно редко, особенно вне дома (на работе, учебе, в общественных местах). В 2015 и 2017 г. автор проводила социологические исследования, анализирующие позицию учащихся и студентов Калмыкии (репрезентативная выборка) по проблемам языкового, а также в целом этнокультурного образования. В статье представлены результаты исследований и проведено сопоставление данных как по ответам молодежи калмыцкой национальности, так и по калмыкам и русским учащимся.Установлен низкий уровень коммуникации на калмыцком языке среди калмыцкой молодежи. Только 43% билингвальны (владеют русским и калмыцким языками) в 2015 г., 46% — в 2017 г. Ее основными причинами названы собственно не владение калмыцким языком, а также отсутствие языковой среды на калмыцком языке.Потребность в изучении национального языка в республике актуальна: только 4% опрошенных школьников и студентов считают, что калмыцкий язык им не нужен, тогда как 52,5% выбрали бы стандартное, 20% — углубленное, 18% — общее знакомство с калмыцким языком. В 2017 г. показатели этой потребности были существенно снижены, однако, в причинах автор видит смену учебных заведений в выборке.Значительно выраженной является установка школьников и студентов на изучение иностранного языка (прежде всего — английского). Заметно меньше интерес молодежь проявляет к традиционным курсам по истории региона, истории народа, а также на изучение национальной культуры. Тем не менее приобщение к национальной культуре для молодежи интересно, но не в образовательной форме, а в форме практического освоения в ходе посещения театров, концертов, в туристических походах и пр.