bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Sustainable Approach for Palladium and Phosphane‐Free Sonogashira Type Cross‐Coupling of 2‐Chloroquinoline with Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Khalifa Zebabanu , Patel Amit B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn efficient and cost‐effective Cu (I) mediated protocol for the C(sp2)–C(sp) cross‐coupling of 3‐chalcone‐2‐chloroquinoline with terminal alkynes has been disclosed by optimizing a wide range of catalysts, ligands, base, and solvents. This approach conveniently assembles various alkynylated hybrids with excellent to moderate yields. Appropriate functional group tolerance and significant mechanistic pathway with mild reaction conditions well‐justified this synthetic transformation more sustainable towards the greener exploration.
Process Intensification and Reaction Kinetics for Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxymethyl Furfural Using DICAT‐1 Solid Acid Catalyst in a Batch Reactor
Authors: Vasishta Ayush , Pawar Hitesh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract5‐HMF is a potential platform multifaceted molecule for various industrial applications and can be produced from biomass‐based hexose sugars. In the present study, the indigenously prepared catalyst DICAT‐1 (an acronym derived from DBT‐ICT Center for Energy Biosciences Catalyst #1) has been explored for fructose dehydration, using isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as a green and low boiling point (LBP) organic solvent. The exploration of heterogeneous DICAT‐1 adds specific advantages for 5‐HMF synthesis in terms of high yield, conversion, selectivity, catalyst separation, recycle, reuse, and so forth. Different variants of DICAT‐1, such as DICAT‐1A, DICAT‐1B, DICAT‐1C, and DICAT‐1D, having variable surface acidity were tested for fructose dehydration in the presence of IPA. Of the tested variants, DICAT‐1C provides good yield and selectivity of 5‐HMF. Thus, further process optimization study was conducted to obtain maximum yield, conversion, and selectivity using DICAT‐1C. The intensified process provides maximum 78% yield of 5‐HMF with 83% fructose conversion and 94% selectivity. The catalyst recyclability study showed the consistency in 5‐HMF yield, conversion, and selectivity for five consecutive recycle runs. The study of reaction kinetics showed the first‐order kinetics with an activation energy of 13.16 kJ/mole by using DICAT‐1C catalyst. Thus, the use of easily recyclable and robust catalyst provides an efficient route for production of 5‐HMF in presence of green solvent.
One‐Pot Synthesis of [(l‐GluA)‐b‐(PCL)]‐Based Diblock Copolymer and Solvent‐Assisted Multifaceted Capsules as Potential Cargo Payload for Nanomedicines
Authors: Pawar Chander Amgoth , Bura Raju , Luo David Xu , Mohan Murali , Rokkala Divya , Rani Rampilla Sudha , Bhagyalaxmi Gundeti , Mannam Krishna Veni , Krupanidhi Z T Anitha , Malavath Tirupathi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study shows that the synthesis of di‐BCP between amino acid l‐glutamic acid (l‐GluA) and hydrophobic polycaprolactone (PCL) leads to multifunctional and multifaceted capsule formation with different dispersion solvents. Successful synthesis of [(l‐GluA)‐b‐(PCL)] was confirmed by using FTIR and 1H NMR characterizations. For morphological studies, synthesized di‐BCP of [(l‐GluA)‐b‐(PCL)] was dispersed in four different solvents such as acetone, DMSO, IPA, and ethanol and was used for sample preparation for SEM imaging. Interestingly, smooth‐surfaced NPs (defined as type I NPs), rough‐surfaced NPs (type II NPs), porous NPs (type III NPs), and football‐type deep excavation having NPs (defined as type IV NPs). Furthermore, these NPs were characterized through BET, AFM, and DLS for particle size and ζ potential of NPs. LC for types III and IV NPs was calculated to be 1.96% ± 0.01% and 1.92% ± 0.01%, respectively. EE of types III and IV NPs was calculated to be 91% ± 1.5% and 94% ± 1.2%. We used K562 (leukemia blood cancer) and HEK293 (embryonic kidney) cells for in vitro studies. DOX@[(l‐GluA)‐b‐(PCL)] nanoformulation related to types III and IV NPs shows significant early apoptosis that is, 29.17%, which is a remarkable programmed cell death for these porous nanoparticles.
Advanced Li–S Battery Configuration Featuring Sulfur‐Coated Separator and Interwoven rGO/CNT Fabric Current Collector
Authors: Chiu Kuan‐Cheng , Bhat Asif Latief , Yang Ching‐Kuan , Chung Sheng‐Heng , Tumilty Niall , Su Yu‐Sheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe development of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) marks a crucial milestone in advancing energy storage solutions essential for sustainable energy transitions. With high theoretical specific capacity, cost‐effectiveness, and reduced ecological footprint, LSBs promise to enhance electric vehicle ranges, extend portable electronics' operational times, and stabilize grids integrated with renewable energy. However, challenges like complex processing, electrode instability, and poor cycling stability hinder their commercialization. This study introduces a novel battery design that addresses these issues by coating sulfur directly onto the separator instead of the current collector, demonstrating that active sulfur can be effectively utilized without being incorporated into the electrode structure. Using an interwoven substrate made from carbon nanotube (CNT) fabric adorned with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), this setup enhances manufacturing scalability, supports optimal sulfur utilization, and improves battery performance. The rGO decoration provides multiple highly conductive polysulfide trapping sites, enhancing active material reutilization, while the flexibility and mechanical strength of CNT fabric contribute to electrode integrity. This combination boosts electrical conductivity and polysulfide‐capturing capability, effectively managing migrating sulfur species during charge–discharge cycles and mitigating sulfur loss and polysulfide shuttling. The results demonstrate superior cycling stability and efficiency, highlighting the potential of this approach in advancing LSB technology.
Development of Stable and Intensified Mixing Processes for the Precise and Scalable Production of Uniform Drug Delivery Nanocarriers
Authors: Cao Meng , Zeng Yunfeng , Liu Xianglin , Liu Yue , Chen Cheng , Guo Lingxi , Zheng Haiping , Shen Haixia , Yao Yongzhong , Zhang Jing , Yu Ziyi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNanocarriers show great promise in drug delivery but face challenges in stability, uniformity, and morphology control. This work introduces an enhanced mixing process to overcome these obstacles, specifically aiming to produce consistently sized poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with anti‐tumor drugs. By innovatively integrating a pulsation dampener into the microfluidic channels of a continuous flow preparation system, the flow stability of piston pumps is improved nearly tenfold. Consequently, large‐scale production of uniformly sized nanoparticles with customizable dimensions is achieved through nanoprecipitation. Furthermore, incorporating terminal double‐bond‐functionalized poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐maleimide (PLGA‐PEG‐Mal) enables these nanoparticles to act as nano‐crosslinkers. This facilitates in situ crosslinking with thiolated hyaluronic acid via a spontaneous thiol‐ene coupling reaction under physiological conditions, allowing for minimally invasive drug administration and significantly enhancing localized drug retention. The material's degradability in the presence of endogenous enzymes ensures controlled drug release, as demonstrated with the anti‐tumor drug doxorubicin (DOX). Validation in a murine breast cancer model shows reduced toxicity and a substantial reduction in tumor weight compared to the free DOX group. These findings confirm the approach's effectiveness for breast cancer treatment and pave the way for innovative solutions in nanomedicine, providing a practical microfluidic mixing system for the design and large‐scale production of nanomedicines.
Optimization of Microwave‐Assisted Extraction of Curcuma zedoaria Rhizome: A Comparative Study of Castor Oil and Sesame Oil
Authors: Monton Chaowalit , Suksaeree Jirapornchai 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCurcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe is a curcuminoid‐rich plant with potential applications in cosmetic products. This study aimed to optimize the microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) conditions for C. zedoaria rhizomes using castor oil and sesame oil as solvents. A full factorial design was employed, investigating microwave power levels of 600 and 800 W, and microwave times of 30 and 90 s. The results showed that microwave time significantly affected extraction yield, and individual and total curcuminoid content while microwave power did not. The optimal conditions for maximizing extraction yield and total curcuminoid content were 600 W for 90 s with castor oil, and 600 W for 80 s with sesame oil. Stability testing revealed that curcuminoids were more stable in castor oil than in sesame oil when stored at 4°C, 30°C/75% relative humidity (RH), and 40°C/75% RH over 3 months. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MAE is an effective method for extracting curcuminoids from C. zedoaria, with castor oil showing superior preservation of curcuminoid content. These findings suggest that castor oil could be a preferable solvent for the extraction and stabilization of curcuminoids in C. zedoaria for cosmetic applications.
Energieaktivierte Stahllösungen für klimapositive Gebäude
Authors: Reger Vitali , Mehrtens Peter , Kuhnhenne Markus , Döring Bernd , Blanke Tobias , Pfeiffer Felix , Hachul Helmut , Müller Bastian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMit dem Forschungsgesamtprojekt „Energieaktivierte Stahllösungen für klimapositive Gebäude“ werden neue Lösungen mit hohem Innovationscharakter und erheblichem Potenzial im Sinne der Energiewende entwickelt, untersucht und bewertet. Ziel ist die weitere Verbreitung und Anwendung des Werkstoffs Stahl im Gebäudebereich als Beitrag zur Energie‐ und Wärmewende und zur Steigerung der Nachhaltigkeit im Bauwesen. Um die umfangreiche Zielsetzung des Projekts zu strukturieren, wurde das Gesamtvorhaben in vier Teilprojekte gegliedert. In den ersten drei Teilprojekten werden zunächst unterschiedliche Themenfelder adressiert, die sich unter dem Hauptthema „Energieaktivierte Stahllösungen für klimapositive Gebäude“ einordnen. Diese Themen werden wissenschaftlich untersucht, optimiert und anhand realer Demonstratoren bewertet. Im vierten Teilprojekt werden die erarbeiteten Einzellösungen für die Energiegewinnung aus dem Erdreich und der Umgebung, der Optimierung der Gebäudehülle, technischen Lösungen zur Energiespeicherung sowie der Energieübergabe an den Raum in einem virtuellen Gebäudedemonstrator zusammengeführt. In dieser virtuellen Umgebung können die Komponenten zur Energiegewinnung (Geothermie, Solarthermie, Photovoltaik) in Kombination mit den Energieumwandlungs‐ und ‐übergabekomponenten getestet und bewertet werden. Am Ende des Projekts soll aufgezeigt werden, wie das Ziel eines klimapositiven Gebäudes durch den gezielten Einsatz von Stahllösungen erreicht werden kann.
Mattensteg – Instandsetzung und Verschiebung einer 150‐jährigen Fachwerkbrücke
Authors: Huber Marc , Reinhard Silja 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBeim bestehenden Mattensteg – einer ca. 150‐jährigen genieteten Stahl‐Fachwerkbrücke – wurde bei den Zustandsaufnahmen 2005 festgestellt, dass die Brückenplatte aus Ortbeton in einem schadhaften Zustand ist. Aufgrund der Beurteilung und der bisherigen Nutzungsdauer wurde entschieden, die Brücke umfassend instand zu setzen. Im gleichen Zeitraum plante das AWEL (Amt für Abfall, Wasser, Energie und Luft des Kantons Zürich), das Platzspitzwehr zu erneuern. Der Zugang für Unterhaltsarbeiten am Wehr erfolgte in den vergangenen Jahren durch den Platzspitz, da der Mattensteg nicht mit schweren Fahrzeugen befahren werden kann. Dies ist jedoch für den Park mit seinen geschützten Platanen unbefriedigend. Für die Bauarbeiten und für zukünftige Unterhaltsarbeiten wurde daher entschieden, am Standort des Mattenstegs eine neue Dienstbrücke zu erstellen. Da der bestehende Mattensteg jedoch im Inventar schützenswerter Bauten ist, soll die bestehende alte Fachwerkbrücke erhalten, ca. 80 m flussaufwärts verschoben und instand gesetzt werden. Die Verstärkungen wurden analog zur bestehenden Konstruktion genietet. Aufgrund des denkmalgeschützten Objekts wurden die neuen Widerlager in Anlehnung an den Originalzustand und mit Treppenstufen gestaltet. Der Steg ist dadurch nicht mehr für Fahrradfahrer, Rollstuhlfahrer oder Unterhaltsfahrzeuge zugänglich. Die Baukosten für den Verschub, den Bau der neuen Widerlager und Pfeiler sowie die Instandsetzung der Brücke betragen 2,5 Mio. Schweizer Franken.
Models2Code: Autonomous model‐based generation to expedite the engineering process
Authors: Paniagua Cristina , Caso Fernando Labra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInsufficient resources and high costs are hindering industrial development, potentially impeding adaptation to market demands. Overcoming this challenge necessitates advancements in software engineering techniques to streamline processes and meet industrial requirements. Crucially, automating manual tasks and enhancing interoperability between engineering stages can yield efficiency gains. This paper presents a model‐based system engineering approach aimed at automating the transition from design to implementation, incorporating autonomous generation and validation features. Implemented as plugins and utilizing model transformation techniques, this solution targets reducing engineering time and facilitating the adoption of new technologies. Developed, implemented, and tested within the Arrowhead framework, the approach is followed by a discussion on its benefits and limitations.
Thermal transportation of radiative cathode nanotube‐based nanofluid on a stretching/shrinking wedge with varying magnetism and heat source
Authors: Pattnaik P. K. , Usman  , Panda Subhajit , Ghaffari Abuzar , Muhammad Taseer 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe complex heat transfer processes occurring in a magnetized water‐based hybrid nanofluid flowing past a stretching or shrinking wedge are investigated in this work. The research highlights the significant influence of the wedge angle on fluid flow patterns and temperature gradients, emphasizing how larger angles cause changes in pressure, flow separation, and temperature profiles. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of radiation effects near surfaces, where increased radiation often leads to cooling due to thermal energy emission. The findings have implications in industries such as aerospace, electronics, thermal management, and groundwater resources management where precise temperature control is critical for safe and efficient operations. The numerical method applied to solve the governing equations in the study is the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta technique with shooting technique. This method efficiently solves the boundary value problem by converting it into a system of first‐order initial value problems. Then shooting technique is used to solve the system, starting with an adequate initial guess. The study's results are presented in tabular and graphical forms, providing valuable insights into the complex fluid dynamics and thermal behavior in the given setting, enabling more informed decision‐making and optimization in relevant engineering applications. Increased radiation frequently results in a cooling effect owing to thermal energy output. Heat sinks/heat sources are crucial in temperature regulation and are effective in lowering temperatures via processes. We also emphasize the importance of radiation impacts near surfaces, where increased radiation frequently leads to cooling owing to thermal energy emission. The numerical values of skin friction and Nusselt number for various parameters in the cases of shrinking and stretching provide crucial insights into the heat transmission and frictional properties of the system under examination. These quantitative results contribute to a better understanding of the complex fluid dynamics and thermal behavior in the given setting, emphasizing the significance of the research findings.
Ambassador Animals Do Not Have a Clear Effect on Visitor Conservation Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Exotic Pets at a Zoo Exhibit
Authors: Kirsch Daniel G. , MacPherson Anna C. , Meyers Caterina N. , Bowser Sarah L. , Kross Sara M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThere is relatively little work examining visitor outcomes of ambassador animal programs, such as whether these programs are educationally effective or unintentionally promote exotic pet ownership. We designed a two‐way factorial experiment to test whether ambassador animals enhanced or detracted from the educational outcomes of a zoo exhibit. We surveyed 312 visitors at the Oakland Zoo at a static exhibit focused on the illegal wildlife trade. Participants were surveyed either before or after visiting the exhibit, with or without a trainer presenting either an ambassador ball python (Python regius) or yellow‐naped Amazon parrot (Amazona auropalliata). The survey assessed attitudes toward conservation, knowledge of conservation behavior, and the suitability of various species, including the ambassador species, as pets. We used an ANOVA to examine 299 complete surveys for differences between experimental groups' mean responses. There were no significant differences in conservation attitudes. Subjects demonstrated more knowledge of conservation behavior after leaving the exhibit, regardless of whether or not an animal was present. While the exhibit reduced favorable attitudes toward parrots as pets, ambassador animal presence neither positively nor negatively impacted on this effect. Participants who viewed a python were more likely to indicate that they viewed a python as a good pet. However, the sample expressed overall negative attitudes toward exotic pet ownership. This study suggests that ambassadors neither enhanced learning nor unintentionally promoted exotic pets. Further research is needed to understand the role of interpretive messaging when using ambassadors in an educational context.
Einbettung der Untersuchung
Authors: Staub Sabina 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel erfolgt eine Einbettung der Untersuchung. Da der Datenkorpus aus der Kindergartenstudie stammt, werden die darin untersuchten Fragestellungen genannt, Hinweisen zur Stichprobe gemacht und die Durchführung der videobasierten Unterrichtsbeobachtungen und der leitfadengestützten Interviews dargestellt. Das Verhältnis zwischen der Kindergartenstudie und der vorliegenden Untersuchung wird als Sekundäranalyse bezeichnet. Es werden daher die damit verbundenen Chancen und Grenzen diskutiert. Im Anschluss erfolgt eine Darlegung der Forschungslogik der qualitativ-rekonstruktiven Sozialforschung sowie die Bestimmung von Gütekriterien. Das Kapitel schließt mit einer Zusammenfassung der Einbettung.
Methodisches Vorgehen
Authors: Staub Sabina 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel erfolgt eine Beschreibung des konkreten Vorgehens der Untersuchung entlang der dokumentarischen Methode zur Interpretation von videogestützten Unterrichtsbeobachtungen und leitfadengestützten Interviews. Dazu werden die einzelnen Arbeitsschritte sowohl für die dokumentarische Video- als auch für die Interviewinterpretation detailliert erläutert. In Bezug auf die Videointerpretation wird eine Erweiterung des methodischen Vorgehens zur Rekonstruktion von Anerkennungsverhältnissen dargelegt. Um die Vorgehensweise nachvollziehbar zu machen, werden konkrete Beispiele aus der Untersuchung herangezogen.
The Type 1 Diabetes T Cell Receptor and B Cell Receptor Repository in the AIRR Data Commons: a practical guide for access, use and contributions through the Type 1 Diabetes AIRR Consortium
Authors: Hanna Stephanie J. , Bonami Rachel H. , Corrie Brian , Westley Monica , Posgai Amanda L. , Luning Prak Eline T. , Breden Felix , Michels Aaron W. , Brusko Todd M. ,   Type 1 Diabetes AIRR Consortium, Baschal Erin , Cerosaletti Karen , Corrie Lorissa , Gomez-Tourino Iria , Higdon Lauren , Kent Sally C. , Linsley Peter , Nakayama Maki , Neller Kira , Ruff William E. , Teyton Luc 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHuman molecular genetics has brought incredible insights into the variants that confer risk for the development of tissue-specific autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes. The hallmark cell-mediated immune destruction that is characteristic of type 1 diabetes is closely linked with risk conferred by the HLA class II gene locus, in combination with a broad array of additional candidate genes influencing islet-resident beta cells within the pancreas, as well as function, phenotype and trafficking of immune cells to tissues. In addition to the well-studied germline SNP variants, there are critical contributions conferred by T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) genes that undergo somatic recombination to yield the Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire (AIRR) responsible for autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. We therefore created the T1D TCR/BCR Repository (The Type 1 Diabetes T Cell Receptor and B Cell Receptor Repository) to study these highly variable and dynamic gene rearrangements. In addition to processed TCR and BCR sequences, the T1D TCR/BCR Repository includes detailed metadata (e.g. participant demographics, disease-associated parameters and tissue type). We introduce the Type 1 Diabetes AIRR Consortium goals and outline methods to use and deposit data to this comprehensive repository. Our ultimate goal is to facilitate research community access to rich, carefully annotated immune AIRR datasets to enable new scientific inquiry and insight into the natural history and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.
Graphical Abstract
Spectral distances on RCD spaces
Authors: Honda Shouhei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe provide relationships between the spectral convergences in Bérard–Besson–Gallot sense, in Kasue–Kumura sense and the measured Gromov–Hausdorff convergence, for compact finite dimensional $${{\,\textrm{RCD}\,}}$$

RCD

spaces. As an independent interest, a canonical (spectral) approximation map between such spaces constructed by given spectral data is obtained.
Subclinical variability in visual function modulates visual dependence - independent of age
Authors: Fathi Amir Saman , Green David Andrew 
Published: October 2024

AbstractParadoxically visual dependence is reported to increase with age, contributing to falls risk, whereas visual function typically declines. This study assesses the relationship between age, objective and subjective measures of visual function and visual dependence, in healthy young and older adults. Forty-four healthy Young (YA; n = 32; 18 males, aged 26.2 ± 5.3 yrs.) and Older (OA; n = 12; 3 males, aged 62.4 ± 6.7 yrs.) adults were assessed for objective (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, depth perception, and lower peripheral vision), and subjective visual function (VFQ-25) along with motion sickness susceptibility. Subjective Visual Vertical (SVV) and induced nausea and vection were assessed using the Rod and Disc Test (RDT). Groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U, whilst determinants of SVV variability were evaluated using Multiple regression modelling. Visual acuity (p < 0.01) and contrast sensitivity (p = 0.04) were lower in OA. Visual dependence (SVV tilt errors) was not associated with ageing (p = 0.46). YA experienced greater RDT-induced vection (p = 0.03). Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity accounted for modest proportions of variance in SVV tilt errors (VA; R2 = 0.14, F(1,42) = 8.00, p < 0.01; β = 6.37) and (CS; R2 = 0.06, F(1,42) = 3.93, p = 0.05; β = −4.97), respectively. Our findings suggest that subclinical differences in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity contribute to SVV tilt error variability, among both healthy young and older adults. Further studies are needed to define the inter-relationship between age-related visual function, non-visual factors (including vestibular and somatosensory fidelity, activity levels, fear of falling and cognitive function) and visual dependence.