bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organizational governance of activation policy: Transparency as an organizational ideal in a Swedish welfare agency
Authors: Hollertz Katarina , Jacobsson Kerstin , Seing Ida 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Swedish Social Insurance Agency (Försäkringskassan– SSIA) and its frontline staff have a key role in the implementation of activation policy. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted at local offices, this article investigates how the transparency ideal, as an integral part of the organizational governance of the activation policy, is negotiated and enacted in the everyday life of a welfare bureaucracy. The analysis shows the central role that the transparency ideal plays in the alignment of frontline staff with the normative regime of the agency. While the transparency ideal is central to the internal organizational life of the SSIA, the analysis shows how transparency is much less salient in relation to clients and other relations with the outside world.
Does individualized employment support deliver what is promised? Findings from three European cities
Authors: Rice Deborah , Fuertes Vanesa , Monticelli Lara 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSince the inception of the European Employment Strategy in 1997, individualized employment support has been a key priority of the European Union and its Member States. Nevertheless, empirical research on the delivery of individualized services for the unemployed is still underdeveloped. In this article, we explore how local employment agencies in three European cities tailor counselling and services to jobseekers’ individual needs. We find that limited service budgets and underdeveloped organizational interfaces with social service providers tend to constrain the substantive individualization of services in practice, which works in the disfavour of vulnerable jobseekers. Individualized counselling is more widespread, at least for selected target groups. However, organizational capacities for offering individualized problem assessment and advice vary considerably across “worlds of individualization” in Europe.
Improved utilization of waist‐to‐height ratio in cardiometabolic risk counselling in children: Application of DMAIC strategy
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Lteif Aida , Creo Ana , Iqbal Anoop Mohamed , Pittock Siobhan , Tebben Peter J. , Hansen Janet , Heyrman Mary , Spee Rebecca , Scanlan‐Hanson Lori , Kumar Seema 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesWaist circumference (WC) and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) are superior surrogate markers of central obesity than body mass index. However, WC is not measured routinely in paediatric clinics. The objective of this study was to implement measurement of WC during routine assessment of children in an ambulatory outpatient clinic setting and subsequent dissemination of cardiometabolic risk counselling in children with central obesity (defined as WHtR ≥0.5).MethodProspective cohort of patients aged 6 to 20 years. Study period was divided into three phases: baseline (3 months), process improvement (2 months), and implementation (6 months). Define‐Measure‐Analyse‐Improve‐Control (DMAIC) strategy was applied. Measurement of WC was implemented as a component of the physical examination in patients. Outcome measures were (1) improvement in frequency of WC measurement and (2) utilization of WHtR in cardiometabolic risk counselling.ResultsWaist circumference was not measured in any patient during baseline phase (n = 551). During process improvement phase, of the total 347 patients, WC was measured in 35% vs target of 30%. In the implementation phase, WC was measured in 37% patients (365 out of 964). Of these 365 patients, 175 (48%) had elevated WHtR, and 73% of them (n = 128) were counselled about their increased cardiometabolic risk.ConclusionsApplication of an evidence‐based DMAIC protocol led to significant improvement in assessment for central obesity in an ambulatory clinic practice and appropriate counselling regarding cardiometabolic risk reduction in children and adolescents with central obesity over an 8‐month period. Meticulous planning and execution, frequent reinforcement, and integrating feedback from the involved multi‐disciplinary team were important factors in successful implementation of this quality improvement project.
Color assessment of freeze‐dried mushrooms using Photoshop and optimization with genetic algorithm
Authors: Tarafdar Ayon , Shahi Navin Chandra , Singh Anupama 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn image analysis and optimization technique exploiting Photoshop software coupled with genetic algorithm (GA) for a food processing application has been explored. Color characteristics (L*, a*, b*, change in color, hue, and chroma) for freeze‐dried mushrooms were determined. Mathematical models for predicting color characteristics of dried mushrooms with change in processing conditions were obtained using second order polynomials. Freeze‐drying (FD) conditions were optimized by an evolutionary algorithm. Results indicated that the temperature of primary and secondary drying cycles during FD have a significant impact on color. The search for optimum process conditions manifesting minimum color variation in the dried product as compared with fresh mushroom samples was done. Optimized response for color change and chroma were obtained as 4.58 and 9.78, respectively, after a 10 h drying cycle. The models developed can be used to determine the drying time for desired product color and processing conditions of FD.Practical applicationsConsumer preference for color is often a concern for food processing industries. Color detection of food materials in bulk needs to be performed rapidly and at low costs, which cannot be easily achieved using sophisticated color detection devices. The use of image acquisition system coupled with imaging software and modeling and optimization tools could provide a simple solution for the identification of superior food products based on image analysis.
Effects of chitosan edible coatings enriched with sumac on the quality and the shelf life of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) fillets
Authors: Fadıloğlu Eylem Ezgi , Emir Çoban Özlem 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEffects of chitosan coating combined with sumac on the quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets stored in refrigerated condition (4°C) for 12 days were evaluated. The treatments in this study were—T1, control; T2, chitosan: 2% w/v; T3, chitosan: 2% w/v and sumac: 1% w/v; and T4, chitosan: 2% w/v and sumac: 2% w/v. The shelf life of the samples were determined periodically using physicochemical (pH, peroxide value [PV], thiobarbituric acid [TBA], and total volatile basic nitrogen [TVB‐N]), microbiological (total viable counts [TVCs] and psychrotrophic bacteria), and sensory analyzes. During the storage period, T3 and T4 groups showed lower pH, PV, TBA, and TVB‐N values than T1 and T2 groups. The sensory results are in line with chemical and microbiological results. Treatment with 2% chitosan + 1% sumac and 2% chitosan + 2% sumac increased the shelf life of rainbow trout fillets by 6 days as compared to the control samples.Practical applicationsTo avoid the adverse effects of chemical preservatives and to answer natural and reliable product demands of the consumers, plant extracts and edible coatings are applied to increase the shelf life and to prevent the spoilage of fresh fish. The results of this study reported the efficacy of chitosan edible coating combined with sumac as a new natural preservative for improving the shelf life of rainbow trout fillets. The findings revealed that sumac extract combined with chitosan coating can be an alternative method to extend the shelf life, to preserve the quality and safety of fish, as a result of their good antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
Clinical and histopathological features of immunoglobulin G4‐associated autoimmune hepatitis in children
Authors: Aydemir Yusuf , Akcoren Zuhal , Demir Hulya , Saltik Temizel Inci Nur , Ozen Hasan , Yuce Aysel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground and AimWe aimed to examine the frequency and the characteristics of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)‐associated autoimmune hepatitis among pediatric patients with autoimmune hepatitis.MethodsImmunostaining for IgG and IgG4 was performed in liver biopsies of 40 pediatric patients with autoimmune hepatitis. The patients with more than 10 IgG4‐positive plasma cells/high‐power field were defined as IgG4‐associated autoimmune hepatitis. Clinic, laboratory, and histopathological results were compared between groups.ResultsAmong the 40 pediatric patients, 34 patients were type 1 and 6 patients were type 2 autoimmune hepatitis. Six patients (15%), four of the type 1 and two of the type 2 autoimmune hepatitis patients, were diagnosed with IgG4‐associated autoimmune hepatitis. Clinical, laboratory, and histopathological data were initially similar in both forms. There was a positive correlation between IgG4‐positive plasma cell count and degree of portal (r: 0.406, P: 0.009) and lobular inflammation (r: 0.37, P: 0.019), grade of interface hepatitis (r: 0.33, P: 0.03), and fibrosis (r: 0.318, P: 0.046). Time required for normalization of liver transaminases and serum IgG level was significantly shorter in IgG4‐associated autoimmune hepatitis (3.3 ± 0.5 vs 6.6 ± 3.5 for alanine aminotransferase, 3.7 ± 0.8 vs 6.7 ± 1.2 for aspartate aminotransferase, 4.3 ± 1.2 vs 7.1 ± 2.7 for gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase, and 7.2 ± 3.1 vs 12.8 ± 4.5 for IgG).ConclusionsImmunoglobulin G4‐associated autoimmune hepatitis can be found in pediatric age group and also in type 2 autoimmune hepatitis patients. As steroid response may be better in IgG4‐associated autoimmune hepatitis, biopsy specimens should be evaluated for this entity at diagnosis.
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid attenuates colitis‐associated colon cancer by inhibiting nuclear factor kappaB signaling
Authors: Kim Young Hoon , Kim Jee Hyun , Kim Byeong Gwan , Lee Kook Lae , Kim Ji Won , Koh Seong‐Joon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground and AimInflammatory bowel diseases is associated with an increased risk for the development of colorectal cancer. However, the mechanism of immune signaling pathways linked to colitis‐associated cancer (CAC) has not been fully elucidated. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) exhibits anti‐inflammatory and anti‐cancer activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of TUDCA in the pathogenesis of CAC.MethodsColitis‐associated cancer was induced in mice using azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate administration, and TUDCA's effect on tumor development was evaluated. HCT 116 and COLO 205 were treated with TUDCA or vehicle and then stimulated with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Expression of interleukin (IL)‐8 was determined by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and IκBα phosphorylation and degradation was evaluated by immunoblot assay. The DNA‐binding activity of NF‐κB was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Cell viability assay and real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction of bcl‐xL, MCL1, c‐FLIP‐L, and VEGF were performed.ResultsTauroursodeoxycholic acid significantly attenuated the development of CAC in mice. Exposure to TUDCA resulted in extensive epithelial apoptosis and reduced levels of phospho‐IκB kinase in the colon. In HCT 116 cells stimulated with TNF‐α, TUDCA significantly inhibited IL‐8 and IL‐1α expression and suppressed TNF‐α‐induced IκBα phosphorylation/degradation and DNA‐binding activity of NF‐κB. Furthermore, in both HCT 116 and COLO 205 cells, TUDCA reduced cell viability and downregulated the expression of bcl‐xL, MCL1, c‐FLIP‐L, and VEGF.ConclusionThese results demonstrated that TUDCA suppresses NF‐κB signaling and ameliorates colitis‐associated tumorigenesis, suggesting that TUDCA could be a potential treatment for CAC.
Efficacy of a Mediterranean diet supplemented with fatty fish in ameliorating inflammation in paediatric asthma: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Papamichael M. M. , Katsardis Ch. , Lambert K. , Tsoukalas D. , Koutsilieris M. , Erbas B. , Itsiopoulos C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundChildhood asthma is the most common respiratory disorder worldwide, being associated with increased morbidity and a decreased quality of life. Omega‐3 fatty acids have anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulating properties; however, their efficacy in asthma is controversial. The present study aimed to examine the efficacy of a Mediterranean diet supplemented with a high omega‐3 ‘fatty’ fish intake in Greek asthmatic children.MethodsA single‐centred, 6‐month, parallel randomised controlled trial compared the consumption of a Mediterranean diet supplemented with two meals of 150 g of cooked fatty fish weekly (intervention) with the usual diet (control) with respect to pulmonary function in children (aged 5–12 years) with mild asthma. Pulmonary function was assessed using spirometry and bronchial inflammation by fractional exhaled nitric oxide analysis.ResultsSixty‐four children (52% male, 48% female) successfully completed the trial. Fatty fish intake increased in the intervention group from 17 g day−1 at baseline to 46 g day−1 at 6 months (P < 0.001). In the unadjusted analysis, the effect of the intervention was of borderline significance (P = 0.06, β = −11.93; 95% confidence interval = −24.32 to 0.46). However, after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index and regular physical activity, a significant effect was observed (P = 0.04, β = −14.15 ppb; 95% confidence interval = −27.39 to −0.91). No difference was observed for spirometry, asthma control and quality of life scores.ConclusionsA Mediterranean diet supplemented with two fatty fish meals per week might be a potential strategy for reducing airway inflammation in childhood asthma. Future robust clinical trials are warranted to replicate and corroborate these findings.
Towards a better understanding of AQP4′s role in astrocytic process extension
Authors: Tham Daniel Kai Long , Moukhles Hakima 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAt the blood–brain–barrier (BBB), blood vessels are surrounded by the endfoot structures formed by astroglial cells. The latter are themselves part of a larger syncytial network of astrocytes connected to each other via a complex web of processes. The water‐permeable channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) is expressed at high concentrations at these endfeet, held in place by the dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC), a collection of proteins that act as a bridge linking AQP4 to the laminin‐containing basal lamina found in between the blood vessels and the astrocytic endfeet. Although AQP4, supported by the DGC, has well‐established roles in facilitating certain neurological processes, and in mediating the removal of excess water from the brain in certain disease states, relatively few studies have looked at the importance of these components in the regulation of the extension of the processes that are so characteristic of astrocytes. In this Editorial Highlight, we discuss an article by Sato et al., published in this issue of the Journal of Neurochemistry, which attempts to address this question.
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Morphometric, anatomic and radiographic study of the scapula in the white‐footed tamarin (Saguinus leucopus): report of scapular cartilage and one variation in cranial (superior) transverse scapular ligament
Authors: Vélez‐García Juan Fernando , Monroy‐Cendales María José , Castañeda‐Herrera Fabian Enrique 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe white‐footed tamarin (Saguinus leucopus) is an endangered endemic primate of Colombia, mainly due to the deforestation of its habitat and illegal trade, which generates a high incidence of these animals in wildlife care centres. Musculoskeletal system disorders in S. leucopus are one of the most common diseases and therefore the aim of this study was to contribute to the morphologic studies with a morphometric, anatomic and radiographic description of the scapula in this species to provide a basis for medical interventions, surgical approaches, radiologic diagnoses and comparative functions of this bone. Gross dissections of each scapular region were made in eight specimens without a diagnosis of osteomuscular disease. These specimens died from natural cases in the wildlife care centres of the Corporación Autónoma Regional de Caldas (CORPORCALDAS); after necropsy their carcasses were fixed with 10% formaldehyde, 5% mineral oil and 1% phenic acid in these centres over the course of at least 1 week. X‐rays of the scapula were taken in the small animal clinic of the Universidad del Tolima, and morphometric data of the scapulae were obtained with a digital calliper. The scapula of the white‐footed tamarin was a flat triangular bone with a deep scapular notch in its cranial margin, where there was a cranial transverse scapular ligament that was absent in two specimens. The coracoid process was highly developed, medially covering the humeral joint. The dorsal margin was covered by the scapular cartilage, which was highly developed in the caudal angle. In the dorsal fourth of the caudal margin, there was a surface from which the m. teres major originated. The lateral surface had a scapular spine with a long hamatus process of the acromion until the lateral part of the humeral joint. The infraspinatus fossa was wider than the supraspinous fossa. On the costal surface, the subscapular fossa was formed by three subscapular lines and one subscapular ridge, the latter helping to form the surface for the m. teres major. In the two radiographic views, caudocranial to the scapula and dorsoventral to the thorax, the scapular spine, acromion, coracoid process, scapular incisura, supraglenoid tubercle, caudal margin, subscapular ridge, and the joints with the clavicle and the humerus could be observed. The scapula of the white‐footed tamarin presented bony reliefs that share characteristics with other primates but also with domestic mammals due to its quadrupedal locomotion, which allowed us to correlate its morphologic adaptation with its quadrupedal arboreal displacement.
Siegfried Kracauer's Differentiating Approach to Friendship
Authors: Blatterer Harry 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSiegfried Kracauer's essays Über die Freundschaft (‘On Friendship’) and Gedanken über Freundschaft (‘Thoughts on Friendship’) exemplify a conceptually differentiating approach to friendship. This article aims at highlighting the explanatory yield of such an approach in contrast to a prevalent conflation of personal relationship types in research today. Kracauer's work is a call from the past to take seriously the semantic nuances of friendship in the present in order to better reflect lived experience in a sociologically plausible manner. I begin by identifying the practice of semantic conflation and its methodological problems. A brief description of the publication background of the friendship essays and their embeddedness in Kracauer's anxiety about the modern subject precedes a selective exposition. To conclude, I offer a summary reflection on the contemporary significance of Kracauer's approach with reference to social media friends and political friendship.
The effect of orthodontic separator and short‐term fixed orthodontic appliance on inflammatory mediators and somatosensory function
Authors: Sampaio Fernanda A. , Sampaio Claudine R. A. , Cunha Carolina O. , Costa Yuri M. , Alencar Phillipe N. B. , Bonjardim Leonardo R. , Garib Daniela , Garlet Gustavo P. , Eliav Eli , Conti Paulo C. R. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundAlthough inflammation can alter cytokines release and nerve function, it is not yet fully established if orthodontic‐induced inflammation can cause significant extraoral trigeminal somatosensory alterations and release of inflammatory chemical mediators.ObjectiveThe primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of orthodontic separator and short‐term fixed orthodontic appliance on the extraoral trigeminal somatosensory function and concentrations of cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).MethodsTwenty‐two female patients were evaluated as follow: baseline, 24 hour‐after elastomeric separator (‐aES), 24 hour‐ and 1 month‐after bonding brackets (‐aBB) at both arches. The outcome variables were as follows: self‐reported pain (Visual Analog Scale), QSTs (current perception threshold‐CPT, cold detection threshold‐CDT, warm detection threshold‐WDT, mechanical detection threshold‐MDT, mechanical suprathreshold‐MST and wind‐up ratio‐WUR. All QSTs were performed at infra‐orbital and mental nerve entry zone at patient`s dominant side. In addition, GCF samples in order to assess cytokines profile (IL‐1β,IL‐8,IL‐6 and TNF‐α) were collected. ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc analyses were performed (a = 5%).ResultsPatients reported higher pain intensity 24 hour‐aBB compared to baseline and 24 hour‐aES (P < 0.050). Patients were less sensitive to pin‐prick pain (MST) at 24 hour‐aBB and 1 month‐aBB compared to baseline (P < 0.006). Significant increases in IL‐6 levels were observed 24 hour‐aBB (P < 0.001). Multiple comparison analysis showed significant increase in IL‐1β levels (P < 0.001) and TNF‐α (P < 0.001) 1 month‐aBB compared to baseline.ConclusionElastomeric separators only induced mild pain and were not able to significantly increase proinflammatory cytokines level in the GCF. In addition, orthodontic fixed appliance may induce only minor somatosensory changes at extraoral trigeminal locations.
In vitro evaluation of essential oils for potential antibacterial effects against Xylella fastidiosa
Authors: Santiago Mariana Brentini , Moraes Thaís da Silva , Massuco Jaqueline Estétele , Silva Larissa Oliveira , Lucarini Rodrigo , da Silva Danielle Fernandes , Vieira Tatiana Manzini , Crotti Antônio Eduardo Miller , Martins Carlos Henrique Gomes 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe main pathogen underlying citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), a citrus fruit disease, is Xylella fastidiosa, a Gram‐negative s‐shaped bacterium that blocks water and nutrient circulation. Discovering new pesticides to combat CVC have become a challenge. Research into essential oils (EOs) is crucial because these substances can be potentially useful in pest control. This study aims to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), to investigate biofilm inhibition capacities through MBIC50 analysis, and to evaluate synergistic effects with streptomycin of 17 EOs against X. fastidiosa. This study also analyses the chemical profiles of the EOs that provided the best antibacterial activity results. The MIC values of the EOs ranged from 125 to 1,000 µg/ml. Analysis of the MICB50 values of the sandalwood and patchouli EOs revealed biofilm inhibitory activity. No synergistic effects were evident for streptomycin combined with the sandalwood or patchouli EOs: ΣFIC was 1.25 and 1.5, respectively, which denoted indifference. We detected α‐gurjunene (27.6%), patchouli alcohol (21.6%), α‐bulsene (17.3%) and α‐patchoulene (6.3%) as the major patchouli EO constituents. On the basis of our results, the sandalwood and patchouli EOs present antibacterial action and are promising natural sources for the development of new pesticides against X. fastidiosa.