bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of mRNAs and lncRNAs in the uterus of polytocous and monotocous Small Tail Han sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: La Yongfu , Tang Jishun , He Xiaoyun , Di Ran , Wang Xiangyu , Liu Qiuyue , Zhang Liping , Zhang Xiaosheng , Zhang Jinlong , Hu Wenping , Chu Mingxing 
Published: May 2019

Background
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate endometrial secretion and uterine volume. However, there is little research on the role of lncRNAs in the uterus of Small Tail Han sheep (FecB++). Herein, RNA-seq was used to comparatively analyze gene expression profiles of uterine tissue between polytocous and monotocous sheep (FecB++) in follicular and luteal phases.

Methods
To identify lncRNA and mRNA expressed in the uterus, the expression of lncRNA and mRNA in the uterus of Small Tail Han sheep (FecB++) from the polytocous group (n = 6) and the monotocous group (n = 6) using RNA-sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Identification of differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were performed between the two groups and two phases . Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses were performed to analyze the biological functions and pathways for the differentially expressed mRNAs. LncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed to further analyses the function of related genes.

Results
In the follicular phase, 473 lncRNAs and 166 mRNAs were differentially expressed in polytocous and monotocous sheep; in the luteal phase, 967 lncRNAs and 505 mRNAs were differentially expressed in polytocous and monotocous sheep. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed lncRNAs and their target genes are mainly involved in ovarian steroidogenesis, retinol metabolism, the oxytocin signaling pathway, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and the Foxo signaling pathway. Key lncRNAs may regulate reproduction by regulating genes involved in these signaling pathways and biological processes. Specifically, UGT1A1, LHB, TGFB1, TAB1, and RHOA, which are targeted by MSTRG.134747, MSTRG.82376, MSTRG.134749, MSTRG.134751, and MSTRG.134746, may play key regulatory roles. These results offer insight into molecular mechanisms underlying sheep prolificacy.
Feedback of Domestic Employers on the Household Servicing Competency of Kasambahays in Zamboanga Del Norte
Authors: Mansanadez Evangeline , Aranda Charo 
Published: May 2019

A healthy, safe and peaceful home where love and understanding abode is always the aim of every Filipino family. This survey aimed to determine the feedback of domestic employers on the skill and competence of their Kasambahay along household servicing tasks such as cleaning, caring for the children, cooking, marketing and doing the laundry; the use and maintenance of household materials and equipment; practice of occupational health and safety standards and relation towards employers and with others. A translated questionnaire-checklist was administered to 422 domestic employers in the 25 municipalities and 2 cities in the province of Zamboanga del Norte. Findings led to the conclusion that the domestic employers find their Kasambahay to be skilled in household servicing tasks such as cleaning, caring for the children, cooking, marketing, and doing the laundry, competent on the use and maintenance of household materials and equipment and in practicing occupational health and safety standards. The domestic employers rated the attitude of their Kasambahay as satisfactory in the way the latter relate with others.
The Extent of Implementation of Ra 9211 and P.D. 1619 on Public Secondary Schools in Tampilisan, Zamboanga Del Norte
Authors: Mansanadez Evangeline 
Published: May 2019

Protection against the harmful effect of liquor and cigarette is a government thrust to maintain a healthy living. This study aimed to determine the compliance on the restriction of liquor and cigarette sale to minors within school radius in any schools in Tampilisan, Zamboanga Del Norte. It employed a descriptive survey method of research using a questionnaire to gather data; employing Chi-square test in finding the difference on the perception of respondents; utilizing the 244 PNP personnel, barangay officials, and community people. This study answered the questions on the extent of compliance on the restriction of liquor and cigarette sale to minors and tested the hypothesized difference on the perception of respondents. Findings led to the conclusion that the extent of compliance on the sale of liquor to minors is to a small extent while on cigarettes is to a moderate extent. Pearson Chi-square test indicated that there is a highly significant difference on the perception of the three groups of respondents on the extent of compliance on the sale of liquor to minors based on barangay ordinance and a significant difference based on school policies. On the sale of cigarettes, there exists a highly significant difference in their perception. Thus, a concerned community that aimed for the betterment of the youth for today and the incoming generations produces a peaceful, sound, and a healthy environment.
Assessing the Alternative Livelihood Options for Climate Change Vulnerable Coastal Fishing Villages in Kerala, India
Authors: Salim Shyam S. , Joseph Lina , James Harsha Elizabeth , Shinu A. M. , Athira N. R. , Smitha R. X. 
Published: May 2019

Fisheries and allied sectors provide means of livelihood to millions of people around the world. In India more than 14.5 million individuals depend on fisheries for their livelihood, with Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Kerala being the main three marine fish producing states of the country. The social and economic contribution of fisheries as a sector cannot be ignored or go unnoticed. Similarly the impact of climate change on fisheries and its resultant impact on the livelihood of fisheries dependent communities cannot be ignored. To address these pertinent issues, we first need to understand the impact of climate change on fisheries and the need of alternative livelihood options from the perspective of the direct stakeholders i.e. fishermen. This study is an endeavour to look at the need of Alternative livelihood options (ALOs) because of climate change among the coastal communities in Poonthura and Elamkunnapuzha villages of Thiruvananthapuram and Ernakulum respectively. Among the 222 marine fishing villages of Kerala, Poonthura and Elamkunnapuzha are the major fishing villages from the South West hotspot locales of India. The examination investigated different socioeconomic aspects, for example, fishing activity, basic household data, economic as well as historic and cultural dependence on fishing, employment and occupational structure, income distribution and assets, physical capital, financial capital, social capital, and exposure and awareness of the fishermen families to climate change by interviewing 1259 fishermen from Poonthura and Elamkunnapuzha. The study conducted in the most climate change vulnerable marine hotspots of Kerala (Elamkunnapuzha and Poonthura) explains the problems and prospects of the inhabitants in the sector and the importance of Alternative Livelihood Options (ALOs) in climate change adaptation.
Socio-economic Dynamics of Farmers and Economics of Certified Seed Production of Paddy in Karimnagar District, Telangana
Authors: Pal Govind , Bhaskar K. Udaya , Kumar S. P. Jeevan , Sripathy K. V. , Ramesh K. V. , Agarwal D. K. 
Published: May 2019

Paddy plays a vital role in the national food security and principal food crop cultivated throughout the Telangana state providing food for its population, fodder to the cattle and employment to the rural masses. The present study was based on primary data in Karimnagar district of Telangana during the agricultural year 2014-15. Analysis of data shows that majority of seed farmers belongs to small category (1-2 ha) followed by semi-medium (2-4 ha) and marginal (< 1 ha) category. The overall average land holding size of paddy seed farmers was 2.04 ha followed by grain farmers (1.27 ha) and district average (1.03 ha). Study area was dominated by paddy, cotton and maize with a cropping intensity of 159. Net irrigated area of paddy grain producer, certified seed producer and district average was 71.00, 90.60 and 73.95% respectively. Non-availability of labour was the most important constraints hindering adoption of paddy seed production technology. The seed production area is dominated by variety BPT- 5204 which covers 31.57% area under paddy seed production. Current study illustrates a ratio of 32:68 towards fixed and variable costs in paddy certified seed production with a total cost of Rs. 57315 per hectare and the gross and net returns were Rs. 83150 and Rs. 25835 per hectare respectively. The total cost of cultivation in paddy seed production was around 13.63% higher than grain production while, gross return was about 28.42% higher in seed production. Consequently, net return from seed production of paddy was 80.56% higher than grain production. Hence, production of certified seed has resulted in a win-win situation for the farmers with higher yield and increased returns. Higher yield and profitability associated with certified seed production can be effectively popularized among farmers, results in increased certified seed production. Farmers can be promoted in this endeavour by providing required quantity of foundation seed along with technical guidance.
Biomass compensation: Behind the diversity gradients of tidepool fishes
Authors: Arakaki Seiji , Tokeshi Mutsunori 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSpecies richness is unevenly distributed on the Earth, with biodiversity gradients of various spatial scales supposedly being affected by abiotic as well as biotic factors including community traits such as body size spectra and relative abundance patterns. To explore large‐scale spatial variation in species diversity and their processes, tidepool fish communities were investigated through an intensive field work conducted on 55 shore sites in south‐western Japan. Multiple ecological measures were taken into account to assess changes in local community structures with changes in the number of species. Biomass (total fish wet weight) per unit area showed no systematic change with latitude, while taxa richness and number of individuals tended to increase toward lower latitudes. In addition, median fish body weight scaled positively with latitude, which was more conspicuous in Blenniidae than in Gobiidae. The latitudinal gradient of diversity in tidepool fish assemblages appears to be characterized by partitioning of total biomass that tends to stay constant across latitudes, suggesting the phenomenon of “biomass compensation” whereby body size and abundance/diversity change in opposite directions with latitude. Our study highlights that biomass compensation can be part of processes involved in generating gradients of species richness even without an apparent energy/resource gradient.
Ethical Consumption
Authors: Smart Barry 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA genealogy of ethical consumption and consideration of the respects in which consumption has been problematized is revealing of the increasing significance being accorded to the need to live differently, in particular to consume ethically. Ethical consumption means consuming responsibly. It denotes the purchase and use of products and services that have been ethically produced, that is, without detriment to the rights, interests, and welfare or well‐being of (1) people involved in the production, distribution, and exchange of goods and services; (2) nonhuman animals; and (3) the sustainability of the environment.
Medicalization
Authors: Dew Kevin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMedicalization describes a process in which medicine increasingly dominates our lives. A number of strategies facilitate medicalization, including the designation of more conditions as medical problems, the development of increasingly sophisticated screening procedures, diagnostic inflation, shifting diagnostic thresholds, and the developments of proto‐illnesses and personalized medicine. Increasing technological capacities from genetic and communication technologies provide further opportunities for the expansion of medicine. These changes can mark everyone as having a physiological risk of developing disease and so potentially a target of preventive medications. Pharmaceuticals are being used to combat what have previously been viewed as normal biological processes of deterioration, and are used to enhance functioning beyond the normal.
Atheism
Authors: Michel Patrick 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
An atheist is one who does not believe in the existence of God or who denies God's existence. The difficulty of defining atheism results from the whole range of nuances that the concept appears to subsume. Whether it results from active denial or whether it derives from a real or supposed vacuum, whether it is therefore “positive” or “negative,” atheism is fundamentally conceived as unbelief. But this only renders the problem more complex: How can one devise a history or a sociology of the “negative”? If atheism, placed as it is under the sign of privacy, is nothing more than the other side of belief, only the latter can be a positive concept. Atheism is thus an integral part of a system organized around a central reference to a religion which exhausts the concept of belief. Ultimately, any sociology of atheism is a sociology of religion.
Digital
Authors: Goode Luke 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

In the early twenty‐first century, digital technologies became increasingly pervasive but also infrastructural. Now deeply embedded in the workings of contemporary society, they are implicated in various social transformations, from micro to macro levels. This entry highlights five layers of digital transformation. First, it considers technologies of
selfhood
reshaping norms of self‐expression and identity formation and disrupting the spatiotemporal contours of everyday life. Second, it considers the transformation of social
connections
(and fissures) in the digital age, from new forms of political activism and antagonism to communicative shifts within bonds of friendship and intimacy. Third, it considers new forms of nonhuman
agency
, from algorithms to robots. Next, it discusses digital
environments
, from self‐contained virtual realities to the digital augmentations of physical – including urban and domestic – space. Finally, it acknowledges issues of digital
power
raised by these shifts: new concentrations of economic and social power exercised by digital corporations lead to controversies surrounding governance and future directions for digital capitalism.
O
gburn,
W
illiam
F.
(1886–1959)
Authors: Volti Rudi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

William F. Ogburn was an American sociologist who over his five‐decade academic career wrote on a variety of topics. He is best known for the concept of cultural lag, which was formulated in his book
Social Change with Respect to Culture and Original Nature
. This entry discusses Ogburn's approach to sociology and sociological methodology, with particular attention paid to the concept of cultural lag and the criticisms to which it has been subjected.
Public Realm
Authors: Hutter Mark 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Taking issue with the view of cities as disorganized and anomic, there are areas of the city such as the downtown or central business districts where strangers interact without incident governed by underlying rules of interaction in the public realm and the urban world of strangers. Tolerance and anonymity are essential to the preservation of social order among strangers.
Public spaces, especially plazas and parks, promote the overall well‐being of the citizenry, civic involvement, and patterns of community and city identification. Cities have seen the gradual disappearance of public venues because of people's withdrawal into the perceived sanctity of their own homes and communities, economic forces that usurp public spaces for their own economic benefit, and the symbolic economy that seeks to transform parks and plazas through privatization and conversion into exclusionary sites.
Enhanced gravity particle classifier: Experiments with 3D printed device and computational fluid dynamics simulations
Authors: Pukkella Arjun Kumar , Vysyaraju Raviraju , Subramanian Sivakumar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCentrifugal force developed in a fluid flow through closed spiral channel produces enhanced gravity environment to facilitate particle classification. The novel design is inspired by open channel spiral concentrators that are used in mineral processing industries. The concept is initially validated through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Preferential movement of coarser particles, which experience greater centrifugal force, to the outer periphery was observed. These predictions are validated by conducting experiments on a 3D printed spiral classifier. The CFD simulations compared well with observed experimental separation function. The model was further used to conduct parametric study of various design and operational parameters. Simulations reveal that the cut‐size could change from 8 μm to 260 μm depending on the splitter position. The novel device will allow a direct and online control of cut size/density when suitably enhanced with required mechanisms.
Platelet function tests predict bleeding in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and thrombocytopenia
Authors: Just Vinholt Pernille , Højrup Knudsen Gustav , Sperling Signe , Frederiksen Henrik , Nielsen Christian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBleeding is frequent among patients with thrombocytopenia. We studied whether in vitro platelet function predicts future bleeding in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and thrombocytopenia. Adult AML patients with platelet count <5.0 × 1010/L were included. Detailed bleeding history and blood samples were collected at inclusion and every 7 days. We analyzed hematology and coagulation parameters. With flow cytometry we evaluated platelet activation (activated GPIIb/IIIa, P‐selectin, and CD63 expression), and platelet aggregation. Agonists were thrombin‐receptor activating peptide (TRAP) and collagen‐related peptide (CRP‐XL). During 18 months, sixty participants were enrolled and followed for a total of 114 weeks. Bleeding occurred in 52 weeks, and was not associated with clinical, hematology or coagulation parameters. Predictors of bleeding were assessed using multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for platelet count, sex, and age. Bleeding history and receiver operating curves were compared using c‐index. Reduced TRAP‐induced platelet aggregation had Odds ratio 3.00 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38‐6.60). Reduced CRP‐XL‐induced platelet aggregation had Odds ratio 4.00 (95%‐CI 1.70‐9.20) for bleeding. Overall, C‐index was 0.71 for the models including platelet aggregation results, 0.72 for activated GPIIb/IIIa‐positive platelets after stimulation with TRAP, 0.68 for percent P‐selectin positive platelets with TRAP and 0.63 for the platelet count. Among patients receiving no platelet transfusion, C‐index was 0.83–0.91 for bleeding; highest for models using platelet aggregation. Change in platelet aggregation did not correlate with the number of platelet concentrates administered. In conclusion, platelet aggregation and platelet activation results predict bleeding better than platelet count alone, among AML patients with thrombocytopenia.
Aggressive T‐cell lymphomas: 2019 updates on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management
Authors: Zain Jasmine M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionAggressive T‐cell lymphomas continue to have a poor prognosis. There are over 27 different subtypes of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) and we are now beginning to understand the differences between the various subtypes beyond histologic variations.Molecular pathogenesis of various subtypes of PTCLGene expression profiling can help in diagnosis and prognostication of various subtypes including PTCL‐nos and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. In addition, mutational analysis is now being incorporated in clinical trials of novel agents to evaluate various biomarkers of response to allow better therapeutic choices for patients.Targeted therapiesThere are many targeted agents currently in various stages of clinical trials for PTCL that take advantage of the differential expression of specific proteins or receptors in PTCL tumors. The most promising is the CD30 directed antibody drug conjugate brentuximab vedotin. This has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the upfront treatment of CD30 expressing PTCLs in combination with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone chemotherapy. Other notable targets are CD25, CCR4 tag, PI3kinase inhibitors, and JAK/STAT inhibitors. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors are promising for ALK expressing tumors.ImmunotherapiesThe use of checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of PTCL is still controversial. The most promising results have been seen in cases of extranodal natural killer cell/T‐cell lymphomas and cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas. For all other subtypes, immune checkpoint inhibitors should be used with extreme caution and only in the context of a clinical trial. Allogeneic stem cell transplant continues to be the curative therapy for most aggressive subtypes of PTCL.
Incontinentia pigmenti in adults
Authors: Scheuerle Angela E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIncontinentia Pigmenti (IP; MIM 308300) is an X‐linked dominant genodermatosis caused by pathogenic variant in IKBKG. The phenotype in adults is poorly described compared to that in children. Questionnaire survey of 99 affected women showed an age at diagnosis from newborn to 41 years, with 53 diagnosed by 6 months of age and 30 as adults. Stage I, II, and III lesions persisted in 16%, 17%, and 71%, respectively, of those who had ever had them. IP is allelic to two forms of ectodermal dysplasia. Many survey respondents reported hypohidrosis and/or heat intolerance and most had Stage IV findings. This suggests that “Stage IV” may be congenitally dysplastic skin that becomes more noticeable with maturity. Fifty‐one had dentures or implants with 26 having more invasive jaw or dental surgery. Half had wiry or uncombable hair. Seventy‐three reported abnormal nails with 27 having long‐term problems. Cataracts and retinal detachment were the reported causes of vision loss. Four had microphthalmia. Respondents without genetic confirmation of IP volunteered information suggesting more involved phenotype or possibly misassigned diagnosis. Ascertainment bias likely accounts for the low prevalence of neurocognitive problems in the respondents.
Quantum Tunneling Mediated Interfacial Synthesis of a Benzofuran Derivative
Authors: Paintner Tobias , Björk Jonas , Du Ping , Klyatskaya Svetlana , Paszkiewicz Mateusz , Hellwig Raphael , Uphoff Martin , Öner Murat A. , Cuniberto Edoardo , Deimel Peter S. , Zhang Yi‐Qi , Palma Carlos‐Andres , Allegretti Francesco , Ruben Mario , Barth Johannes V. , Klappenberger Florian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReaction pathways involving quantum tunneling of protons are fundamental to chemistry and biology. They are responsible for essential aspects of interstellar synthesis, the degradation and isomerization of compounds, enzymatic activity, and protein dynamics. On‐surface conditions have been demonstrated to open alternative routes for organic synthesis, often with intricate transformations not accessible in solution. Here, we investigate a hydroalkoxylation reaction of a molecular species adsorbed on a Ag(111) surface by scanning tunneling microscopy complemented by X‐ray electron spectroscopy and density functional theory. The closure of the furan ring proceeds at low temperature (down to 150 K) and without detectable side reactions. We unravel a proton‐tunneling‐mediated pathway theoretically and confirm experimentally its dominant contribution through the kinetic isotope effect with the deuterated derivative.