bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Formation of Binary Star Cluster in Our Galaxy from Fractal Stellar Distribution
Authors: Darma R , Arifyanto M I , Kouwenhoven M B N 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Observations showed that there are star clusters in paired condition, called as binary star cluster. Some statistical studies attempted to identify the existence of binary and multiple clusters in our Galaxy and Magellanic Clouds. MIStiX survey also found that most of embedded younger star clusters (a few Myr) have clumpy structures, indicating star distribution in young clusters cannot be simply described as spherical shape. This structure can be the key-factor of the formation of primordial binary cluster in our Galaxy. In this work, we simulate the formation of binary star cluster from fractal distribution in isolated condition and under Galactic tidal field for 50 Myr. This aims to investigate the most probable condition to let the highly formation of binary star cluster in our Galaxy and the role of Galactic tidal field in that formation. We find that the clumpier structure of star cluster, the number of binary/multiple cluster will increase, and the same condition also occurs for the warmer condition or higher αvir
(the kinetic to potential energy ratio). But this number will decrease at larger time due to the merger processes between the star clusters. By these arguments, we conclude that the most probable condition of star cluster to let the highly formation of binary star cluster is the one with highly sub structured and warm condition. For such condition of star cluster, the fraction of binary/multiple in our Galaxy is 0.87 ± 0.06 at time 20 Myr and decreases to be 0.63 ± 0.09 at time 50 Myr, with reduction 0.24 ± 0.08. As comparison, this reduction is only 0.07 ± 0.05 for the same condition in isolated. The higher deflation shows that the Galactic tidal field has important role in the formation of binary star cluster, as well as the initial mass of star cluster. And we suggest the discovery of multiple clusters in this work is interesting to learn more deeply in the future work.
Photoionization modelling of the Wolf-Rayet planetary nebulae IC 4663 based on multiwavelength observations
Authors: Puspitaningrum E , Malasan H L 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Observations of the central star planetary nebulae (CSPN) IC 4663 revealed its spectral features similar to WN sequence of massive Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars. Because CSPN IC 4663 spectrum is dominated by broad He II and N V emission lines, it is classified as [WN3] spectral type. The similarity on the central stars composition of O(He) and IC 4663 provides evidence for evolutionary sequence [WN] → O(He). Evolution of CSPN IC 4663 followed evolution low-mass star, but experienced born-again scenario when it enters white dwarf phase. So it goes back to Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) phase. To investigate central star properties, the nebula and its evolutionary status, we constructed the spectral energy distribution (SED) model by using photoionization code CLOUDY based on data set from optic to far-IR wavelength (∼3 – 100 μm) and include the Postdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) stellar model atmosphere. The comparison between the nebular abundances from photoionization model result and AGB model gives initial 3M
⊙ star with Z = 0.02. The nebula ionized mass derived from the photoionization model also consistent with the prediction from AGB model.
Recurrent neural networks for hydrodynamic imaging using a 2D-sensitive artificial lateral line
Authors: Wolf Ben J , Warmelink Steven , van Netten Sietse M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The lateral line is a mechanosensory organ found in fish and amphibians that allows them to sense and act on their near-field hydrodynamic environment. We present a 2D-sensitive artificial lateral line (ALL) comprising eight all-optical flow sensors, which we use to measure hydrodynamic velocity profiles along the sensor array in response to a moving object in its vicinity. We then use the measured velocity profiles to reconstruct the object’s location, via two types of neural networks: feed-forward and recurrent. Several implementations of feed-forward neural networks for ALL source localisation exist, while recurrent neural networks may be more appropriate for this task. The performance of a recurrent neural network (the long short-term memory, LSTM) is compared to that of a feed-forward neural network (the online-sequential extreme learning machine, OS-ELM) via localizing a 6 cm sphere moving at 13 cm s−1. Results show that, in a 62 cm

9.5 cm area of interest, the LSTM outperforms the OS-ELM with an average localisation error of 0.72 cm compared to 4.27 cm, respectively. Furthermore, the recurrent network is relatively less affected by noise, indicating that recurrent connections can be beneficial for hydrodynamic object localisation.
European warm-season temperature and hydroclimate since 850 CE
Authors: Ljungqvist Fredrik Charpentier , Seim Andrea , Krusic Paul J , González-Rouco Jesús Fidel , Werner Johannes P , Cook Edward R , Zorita Eduardo , Luterbacher Jürg , Xoplaki Elena , Destouni Georgia , García-Bustamante Elena , Aguilar Camilo Andrés Melo , Seftigen Kristina , Wang Jianglin , Gagen Mary H , Esper Jan , Solomina Olga , Fleitmann Dominik , Büntgen Ulf 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The long-term relationship between temperature and hydroclimate has remained uncertain due to the short length of instrumental measurements and inconsistent results from climate model simulations. This lack of understanding is particularly critical with regard to projected drought and flood risks. Here we assess warm-season co-variability patterns between temperature and hydroclimate over Europe back to 850 CE using instrumental measurements, tree-ring based reconstructions, and climate model simulations. We find that the temperature–hydroclimate relationship in both the instrumental and reconstructed data turns more positive at lower frequencies, but less so in model simulations, with a dipole emerging between positive (warm and wet) and negative (warm and dry) associations in northern and southern Europe, respectively. Compared to instrumental data, models reveal a more negative co-variability across all timescales, while reconstructions exhibit a more positive co-variability. Despite the observed differences in the temperature–hydroclimate co-variability patterns in instrumental, reconstructed and model simulated data, we find that all data types share relatively similar phase-relationships between temperature and hydroclimate, indicating the common influence of external forcing. The co-variability between temperature and soil moisture in the model simulations is overestimated, implying a possible overestimation of temperature-driven future drought risks.
The evolution, propagation, and spread of flash drought in the Central United States during 2012
Authors: Basara Jeffrey B , Christian Jordan I , Wakefield Ryann A , Otkin Jason A , Hunt Eric H , Brown David P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
During 2012, flash drought developed and subsequently expanded across large areas of the Central United States (US) with severe impacts to overall water resources and warm-season agricultural production. Recent efforts have yielded a methodology to detect and quantify flash drought occurrence and rate of intensification from climatological datasets via the standardized evaporative stress ratio (SESR). This study utilizes the North American Regional Reanalysis and applied the SESR methodology to quantify the spatial and temporal development and expansion of flash drought conditions during 2012. Critical results include the identification of the flash drought epicenter and subsequent spread of flash drought conditions radially outward with varying rates of intensification. Further, a comparison of the SESR analyses with surface-atmosphere coupling metrics demonstrated that a hostile environment developed across the region, which limited the formation of deep atmospheric convection, exacerbated evaporative stress, and perpetuated flash drought development and enhanced its radial spread across the Central US.
Translating solitons 𝐶¹-asymptotic to two half-hyperplanes
Authors: Gama Eddygledson 
Published: June 2019

We prove that the hyperplanes parallel to

e

n
+
1

\mathbf {e}_{n+1}

are the unique examples of translating solitons

C
1

−

C^1-

asymptotic to two half-hyperplanes outside a vertical cylinder in

R

n
+
1

\mathbb {R}^{n+1}

. This result generalizes a previous result due to F. Martín and the author.
Dormancy and endosperm presence influence the ex situ conservation potential in central European calcareous grassland plants
Authors: Tausch Simone , Leipold Martin , Reisch Christoph , Poschlod Peter 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The preservation of plant species under ex situ conditions in seed banks strongly depends on seed longevity. However, detailed knowledge on this seed ecological aspect is limited and comparative studies from central European habitats are scarce. Therefore, we investigated the seed longevity of 39 calcareous grassland species in order to assess the prospects of ex situ storage of seeds originating from a single, strongly threatened habitat. Seed longevity (p50) was determined by artificially ageing the seeds under rapid ageing conditions (45 °C and 60 % eRH (equilibrium relative humidity)), testing for germination and calculating survival curves. We consulted seed and germination traits that are expected to be related to seed longevity. P50 values strongly varied within calcareous grassland species. The p50 values ranged between 3.4 and 282.2 days. We discovered significantly positive effects of physical dormancy and endosperm absence on p50. Physiological dormancy was associated to comparatively short longevity. These relationships remained significant when accounting for phylogenetic effects. Seed mass, seed shape, and seed coat thickness were not associated with longevity. We therefore recommend more frequent viability assessments of stored endospermic, non-physically and physiologically dormant seeds.
Life history and age-dependent mortality processes in tropical reptiles
Authors: Cayuela Hugo , Akani Godfrey C , Hema Emmanuel M , Eniang Edem A , Amadi Nioking , Ajong Stephanie N , Dendi Daniele , Petrozzi Fabio , Luiselli Luca 
Published: June 2019

AbstractActuarial senescence appears to be a common process, and senescence patterns are highly variable across the tree of life. To date, studies on animal senescence have largely focused on model species, such as as fruit flies, humans and a few other endotherms. In contrast, our knowledge about ageing remains fragmentary in ectotherm vertebrates, such as reptiles. Here, we examined life history and age-dependent mortality patterns in three tropical tortoises (Kinixys erosa, Kinixys homeana and Kinixys nogueyi) and snakes (Bitis gabonica, Bitis nasicornis and Causus maculatus). Our study revealed that tortoises of the genus Kinixys had a higher survival and a lower recruitment than snakes of the genera Bitis and Causus, indicating a slower life history. Furthermore, we confirmed that survival decreased more slowly with age in tortoises than in snakes. In addition, we highlighted contrasting patterns of age-dependent mortality among the three genera. In Kinixys, the relationship between mortality rate and age was positive and linear, suggesting gradual senescence over tortoise lifetime. In contrast, the relationship between mortality rate and age was negative and sharp in Bitis and Causus, possibly owing to a ‘negative senescence’. Our study is one of the few to have examined and compared the demography and age-dependent mortality patterns of tropical reptiles. Among other things, our results suggest that although negative senescence has never been reported in endotherm vertebrates, it could be a common phenomenon in ectotherms.
Chanzyme TRPM7 protects against cardiovascular inflammation and fibrosis
Authors: Rios Francisco J , Zou Zhi-Guo , Harvey Adam P , Harvey Katie Y , Nosalski Ryszard , Anyfanti Panagiota , Camargo Livia L , Lacchini Silvia , Ryazanov Alexey G , Ryazanova Lillia , McGrath Sarah , Guzik Tomasz J , Goodyear Carl S , Montezano Augusto C , Touyz Rhian M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Aims
Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 7 (TRPM7) cation channel is a chanzyme (channel + kinase) that influences cellular Mg2+ homeostasis and vascular signalling. However, the pathophysiological significance of TRPM7 in the cardiovascular system is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of this chanzyme in the cardiovascular system focusing on inflammation and fibrosis.

Methods and results
TRPM7-deficient mice with deletion of the kinase domain (TRPM7+/Δkinase) were studied and molecular mechanisms investigated in TRPM7+/Δkinase bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and co-culture systems with cardiac fibroblasts. TRPM7-deficient mice had significant cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and inflammation. Cardiac collagen and fibronectin content, expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (SMAD3, TGFβ) and cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12, tumour necrosis factor-α] and phosphorylation of the pro-inflammatory signalling molecule Stat1, were increased in TRPM7+/Δkinase mice. These processes were associated with infiltration of inflammatory cells (F4/80+CD206+ cardiac macrophages) and increased galectin-3 expression. Cardiac [Mg2+]i, but not [Ca2+]i, was reduced in TRPM7+/Δkinase mice. Calpain, a downstream TRPM7 target, was upregulated (increased expression and activation) in TRPM7+/Δkinase hearts. Vascular functional and inflammatory responses, assessed in vivo by intra-vital microscopy, demonstrated impaired neutrophil rolling, increased neutrophil: endothelial attachment and transmigration of leucocytes in TRPM7+/Δkinase mice. TRPM7+/Δkinase BMDMs had increased levels of galectin-3, IL-10, and IL-6. In co-culture systems, TRPM7+/Δkinase macrophages increased expression of fibronectin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and TGFβ in cardiac fibroblasts from wild-type mice, effects ameliorated by MgCl2 treatment.

Conclusions
We identify a novel anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic role for TRPM7 and suggest that its protective effects are mediated, in part, through Mg2+-sensitive processes.
Scientometric analysis of the term 'microbiota' in research publications (1999–2017): a second youth of a century-old concept
Authors: Baudoin Lesya , Sapinho David , Maddi Abdelghani , Miotti Luis 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Great progress in microbiota research during last decades resulted in a growing corpus of publications mentioning the term ‘microbiota’. Specifically, the human microbiota increasingly recognised nowadays as one of the most important health challenges is becoming an emerging research front. By examining over 28 000 microbiota-related papers from the Web of Science database, our study aims to characterise the evolution of publication patterns in this field between 1999 and 2017. The corpus is first analysed in terms of breakdown by journal subject categories, then an additional insight in the structuring of the microbiota research into different topics is provided by means of topic modelling. Our results demonstrate that over time (i) a substantial increase in the publications number is accompanied by a broad diversification of associated journal subject categories; (ii) the research focus moved outside from its primary research field showing successive shifts from dentistry and ecologically centred areas, through agri-food applied topics, towards the most recent clinical applications. The trends in thematic structure of the field presented from a historical perspective suggest that the current systemic approach to host–microbiota relationship inherited from the ecological background of the concept of microbiota has opened up a number of new research directions and perspectives.
Role of Research Educator in sequential course-based undergraduate research experience program
Authors: Light Caitlin , Fegley Megan , Stamp Nancy 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIn our First-Year Research Immersion (FRI) program, students take a sequence of three CUREs (course-based undergraduate research experiences). Each Research Educator (Research Assistant Professor, aka RE) oversees the day-to-day work of about 30 first-year and 25 second-year students in a dedicated research-training lab. Instead of the typical work-load division for faculty between their teaching responsibilities (typically lecture) and research programs, REs combine these two responsibilities into one endeavour that better engages and teaches beginning students intending to major in science or engineering. Although more challenging for REs, their work in FRI expands their professional development substantially. Examples from the microbiology research track (specifically, Microbial Biofilms in Human Health) illustrate both the challenges and rewards for the REs.
Spectral Limitations of Quadrature Rules and Generalized Spherical Designs
Authors: Steinerberger Stefan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We study manifolds $M$ equipped with a quadrature rule $$\begin{equation} \int_{M}{\phi(x)\,\mathrm{d}x} \simeq \sum_{i=1}^{n}{a_i \phi(x_i)}.\end{equation*}$$We show that $n$-point quadrature rules with nonnegative weights on a compact $d$-dimensional manifold cannot integrate more than at most the 1st $c_{d}n + o(n)$ Laplacian eigenfunctions exactly. The constants $c_d$ are explicitly computed and $c_2 = 4$. The result is new even on $\mathbb{S}^2$ where it generalizes results on spherical designs.
Beyond the Grid: Engineering, Institutions and Finance
Authors: Harris Laurence 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa existing, reliable supplies of electricity are inadequate to meet actual demand from those connected to the grid and potential effective demand from those without grid access. If strategies for generation, transmission and distribution systems, were unchanged the potential growth of demand accompanying economic growth and desired increases in living standards would be constrained by worsening shortages. This paper outlines the major tasks electrification strategies in Africa face and focuses on aspects of financing them. It proposes that a holistic analytical perspective, the Financial Systems Framework, is valuable for identifying and addressing distinct but linked problems in financing African electrification strategies.
Effect of tannin-containing hays on enteric methane emissions and nitrogen partitioning in beef cattle1
Authors: Stewart Elizabeth K , Beauchemin Karen A , Dai Xin , MacAdam Jennifer W , Christensen Rachael G , Villalba Juan J 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine whether feeding tannin-containing hays to heifers and mature beef cows influences enteric methane (CH4) emissions and nitrogen (N) excretion relative to feeding traditional legume and grass hays. Fifteen mature beef cows (Exp. 1) and 9 yearling heifers (Exp. 2) were each randomly assigned to treatment groups in an incomplete bock design with 2 periods and 6 types of hays with 3 hays fed each period (n = 5 cows and 3 heifers per treatment). Groups were fed tannin-containing [birdsfoot trefoil (BFT), sainfoin (SAN), small burnet (SML)] or non-tannin-containing [alfalfa (ALF), cicer milkvetch (CMV), meadow bromegrass (MB)] hays. Each period consisted of 14 d of adjustment followed by 5 d of sample collection. Nine cows and 9 heifers were selected for the measurement of enteric CH4 emissions (sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas technique), and excretion of feces and urine, while dry matter intake (DMI) was measured for all animals. The concentration of condensed tannins in SAN and BFT was 2.5 ± 0.50% and 0.6 ± 0.09% of dry matter (DM), respectively, while SML contained hydrolyzable tannins (4.5 ± 0.55% of DM). Cows and heifers fed tannin-containing hays excreted less urinary urea N (g/d; P &lt; 0.001) and showed lower concentrations of blood urea N (mg/dL; P &lt; 0.001) than animals fed ALF or CMV, indicating that tannins led to a shift in route of N excretion from urine to feces. Additionally, cows fed either BFT or CMV showed the greatest percentage of retained N (P &lt; 0.001). Enteric CH4 yield (g/kg of DMI) from heifers (P = 0.089) was greatest for MB, while daily CH4 production (g/d) from heifers (P = 0.054) was least for SML. However, digestibility of crude protein was reduced for cows (P &lt; 0.001) and heifers (P &lt; 0.001) consuming SML. The results suggest that tannin-containing hays have the potential to reduce urinary urea N excretion, increase N retention, and reduce enteric CH4 emissions from beef cattle. The non-bloating tannin-free legume CMV may also reduce environmental impacts relative to ALF and MB hays by reducing N excretion in urine and increasing N retention.
Post Kampala
Authors: Hartig Annegret 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Since the Kampala Amendments filled the placeholder in the Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) with a comprehensive definition of the crime of aggression, States Parties have felt encouraged to implement the so-called ‘crime of crimes’ into domestic law. This article gives an overview of how these early implementers defined the crime of aggression and designed provisions on domestic jurisdiction. The fast track approach to domestic implementation would have been to copy the definition contained in Article 8bis of the ICC Statute and extend the existing jurisdictional regime applicable to other international crimes. Instead, states often opted for a (slightly) modified definition and occasionally decided to deviate from the jurisdictional provisions applicable to other core crimes.
Why Allianz v West Tankers Still Applies under the Brussels Regulation (Recast): An Analysis of Nori Holdings v Bank Otkritie [2018] EWHC 1343 (Comm)
Authors: Lee Serena , Phua Myron 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article analyses Nori Holdings v Bank Otkritie [2018] EWHC 1343 (Comm)—the only English decision hitherto holding that EU law’s prohibition on anti-suit injunctions based on arbitration agreements established in Allianz v West Tankers survives the Brussels Regulation (recast). We argue that Males J’s rejection of AG Wathelet’s hypothesis in his Gazprom opinion to the effect that the Regulation (recast) has overruled West Tankers is largely persuasive. At the same time, we also identify two problematic aspects of the judgment. Namely, we contend that the High Court was arguably wrong (i) to interpret AG Wathelet as envisaging that a case would ‘move in and out’ of the Regulation and (ii) to interpret Gazprom as holding that Member State courts are permitted to enforce all arbitral ‘anti-suit’ awards, including those enjoining a party from litigating in another EU Member State.
Statistical analysis about the God’s traits in Quran
Authors: Liu Junqi , Mahmoudi Mohammad Reza , Abasalizadeh Ali 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The fact about the way God has described himself or how Muslims regard God’s traits is a significant point because that is the path to know the truth about God in his own words, and the verification of Muslims understanding of God through their thoughts and behaviors in accordance with Quran can be studied. In Islamic mysticism, the names and traits of God are categorized into two groups: beauty and divine glory. Although there have been widespread studies in regard to God’s traits, casting a statistical view on these traits can help with the understanding of God, because it would ease the recognition of the way God has introduced himself or envisages traits he most used for himself which in its turn will enlighten the path a Muslim should take. Therefore, with regard to statistics in this work, we would like to study the idea that which group of God’s traits (beauty or divine grace) is more repeated or what the proportion of the two is, and also what difference there is between the Meccan and Medinan suras in the description of God.