bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peer teachers as ultrasound instructors? – a systematic literature review of peer teaching concepts in undergraduate ultrasound education
Authors: Winter Lone , Neubauer Ricarda , Weimer Johannes , Dietrich Christoph F. , Wittek Agnes , Schiestl Lina , Marinova Milka , Schäfer Valentin Sebastian , Strizek Brigitte , Recker Florian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
As ultrasound is one of the most utilized imaging procedures in clinical practice in Germany, its integration into undergraduate medical education is imperative. Thereby, the limited availability of qualified instructors is a major challenge. Peer tutors, who are trained to instruct their peers collaboratively, could resolve staff constraints. This systematic review explores the literature on peer teaching in undergraduate ultrasound education, aiming to provide an overview of methodologies, outcomes, and peer teacher training concepts.

Methods
Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature review was conducted on the subject of peer teaching in undergraduate ultrasound education. Using PubMed and Google Scholar as databases, studies in English or German involving training concepts for peer teachers in undergraduate ultrasound education, published up to November 21, 2023, were included. Data extraction of original studies followed the PICOS schema with special respect to didactic concepts of peer tutor training programs and the effectiveness of peer teachers compared to faculty instructors. A modified version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of included studies.

Results
Finally, the search resulted in 20 relevant original studies, including 16 studies exploring peer teacher training concepts. Predominantly, peer teachers studied in their 4th year of medical school and on average one year further compared to their students. Peer teacher training was integrated into curricula by course-based concepts (93.8%) and internships (50.0%). Didactic modalities varied, encompassing laboratory rotations including the scanning of patients, the scanning of fellow students, lectures, and didactic training. The median training duration was about ten days. Of six comparative studies, five found peer-assisted learning to be comparably effective and one even better than faculty-led courses.

Conclusion
Despite the growing amount of literature underlining the effectiveness and wide application of peer teaching in ultrasound education, training concepts stay heterogenous without a standardized system for training and qualifying peer teachers. Developing comprehensive guidelines for peer tutor education could increase acceptance and recognition of peer-assisted learning and ensure minimum training standards.
Natural language processing data services for healthcare providers
Authors: Au Yeung Joshua , Shek Anthony , Searle Thomas , Kraljevic Zeljko , Dinu Vlad , Ratas Mart , Al-Agil Mohammad , Foy Aleksandra , Rafferty Barbara , Oliynyk Vitaliy , Teo James T. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Embedding machine learning workflows into real-world hospital environments is essential to ensure model alignment with clinical workflows and real-world data. Many non-healthcare industries undergoing digital transformation have already developed data labelling and data quality management services as a vertically integrated business process.

Recent Findings
In this paper, we describe our experiences developing and implementing a first-of-its-kind clinical NLP (natural language processing) service in the National Health Service, United Kingdom using parallel harmonised platforms. We report on our work developing clinical NLP resources and implementation framework to distil expert clinical knowledge into our NLP models. To date, we have amassed over 26,086 annotations spanning 556 SNOMED CT concepts working with secondary care specialties.

Summary
Our integrated language modelling service has delivered numerous clinical and operational use-cases using named entity recognition (NER). Such services improve efficiency of healthcare delivery and drive downstream data-driven technologies. We believe it will only be a matter of time before NLP services become an integral part of healthcare providers.
Improving medication safety for intensive care patients transitioning to a hospital ward: development of a theory-informed intervention package
Authors: Bourne Richard S. , Jeffries Mark , Jennings Jennifer K. , Ashcroft Darren M. , Norman Paul 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Care of critically ill patients is complex, requiring effective collaboration co-ordination and communication across care teams and professions. Medicines are a fundamental component of the acute interventions intensive care unit (ICU) patients receive, requiring frequent review and optimisation according to patient needs. ICU patients recovering to transfer to a hospital ward are at risk of medication transition errors, contributing to poorer patient and health-system outcomes. We aimed to develop of a theory-informed intervention package to improve medication safety for ICU patients transferring to a hospital ward.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study comprising two UK face-to-face focus group meetings in April and May 2022. There were ten participants in each meeting (7-8 healthcare professionals and 2-3 patient and public representatives). Each meeting had four foci: (i) What needs to change (intervention targets)? (ii) What are the core intervention components? (iii) What will the intervention components change and how (mechanisms of action), and what key outcomes will the changes impact on? (iv) What are the barriers and facilitators to intervention delivery? A background to the problem and previous intervention development work was provided. Meetings were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Iterative analyses, informed by the Behaviour Change Wheel framework, were conducted to provide a behavioural diagnosis, identify key behaviour change techniques and outline the mechanisms of action through which the intervention might impact on key outcome.

Results
We identified what needs to change to improve medication safety for UK ICU patients on this care transition. A theory-informed intervention package was developed, based on seven core intervention components (e.g., medication review (targeted), task organisation and prioritisation). For each intervention component the mechanism of action, targeted change, and key outcomes were identified (e.g., medication review (targeted); action planning; decreases problematic polypharmacy; decreased preventable adverse drug events). Barriers and facilitators to intervention component delivery were described.

Conclusions
We developed a theory-informed core intervention package to address the limitations in medication safety for ICU patients transferring to a hospital ward. Understanding what needs to change, and the accompanying facilitators provides a basis for intervention feasibility testing and refinement prior to future evaluation of effectiveness.
Urinary metabolomics provide insights into coronary artery disease in individuals with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Antikainen Anni A. , Mutter Stefan , Harjutsalo Valma , Thorn Lena M. , Groop Per-Henrik , Sandholm Niina ,   the FinnDiane Study Group
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Type 1 diabetes increases the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). High-throughput metabolomics may be utilized to identify metabolites associated with disease, thus, providing insight into disease pathophysiology, and serving as predictive markers in clinical practice. Urine is less tightly regulated than blood, and therefore, may enable earlier discovery of disease-associated markers. We studied urine metabolomics in relation to incident CAD in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Methods
We prospectively studied CAD in 2501 adults with type 1 diabetes from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study. 209 participants experienced incident CAD within the 10-year follow-up. We analyzed the baseline urine samples with a high-throughput targeted urine metabolomics platform, which yielded 54 metabolites. With the data, we performed metabolome-wide survival analyses, correlation network analyses, and metabolomic state profiling for prediction of incident CAD.

Results
Urinary 3-hydroxyisobutyrate was associated with decreased 10-year incident CAD, which according to the network analysis, likely reflects younger age and improved kidney function. Urinary xanthosine was associated with 10-year incident CAD. In the network analysis, xanthosine correlated with baseline urinary allantoin, which is a marker of oxidative stress. In addition, urinary trans-aconitate and 4-deoxythreonate were associated with decreased 5-year incident CAD. Metabolomic state profiling supported the usage of CAD-associated urinary metabolites to improve prediction accuracy, especially during shorter follow-up. Furthermore, urinary trans-aconitate and 4-deoxythreonate were associated with decreased 5-year incident CAD. The network analysis further suggested glomerular filtration rate to influence the urinary metabolome differently between individuals with and without future CAD.

Conclusions
We have performed the first high-throughput urinary metabolomics analysis on CAD in individuals with type 1 diabetes and found xanthosine, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, trans-aconitate, and 4-deoxythreonate to be associated with incident CAD. In addition, metabolomic state profiling improved prediction of incident CAD.

Graphical abstract
The timing and spatial distribution of mother–offspring interactions in an obligate hider
Authors: Baur Sophie , Stehr Ferdinand P. , Hewison A. J. Mark , Morellet Nicolas , Ranc Nathan , König Andreas , Menzel Annette , Peters Wibke 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Parental care is indispensable for the survival and development of dependent offspring, often requiring a delicate balance of time and energy allocation towards offspring by parents. Among ungulates employing a hider strategy, deciding when and where to provide care while also maintaining a sufficient distance to not reveal the offspring´s hiding place is likely crucial in determining their fate.

Methods
In this study, we analyzed the timing and spatial distribution of mother–offspring interactions in roe deer females (Capreolus capreolus L.). We fitted roe deer mothers and their neonates with GPS-collars combined with a proximity sensor in south Germany to address the spatial and temporal distribution of mother-fawn interactions during the first two months of the fawns’ lives.

Results
We observed variations in the distance between mother and fawn, which initially increased over the first month and then decreased as the fawns grew older. The timing of mother-fawn contacts was strongly linked with the circadian rhythm of the mother, aligning closely with their typical bimodal activity peaks at dawn and dusk. Furthermore, we observed differences in habitat use between mother and offspring, reflecting the mother's requirements for food and protection (e.g. greater use of forests, higher distances to roads), as well as the fawn's priority requirement for protection (e.g. higher use of unmown grassland). We documented variations over time, highlighting how these requirements changed as the fawn ages. Interestingly, during the initial two weeks, most of the contacts occurred in habitats that were particularly favored by mothers. However, as the fawns aged, contacts occurred increasingly often in habitats that were routinely used by fawns.

Conclusions
Understanding the timing, frequency, and spatial distribution of mother–offspring interactions provides valuable insights into the care strategies of hider ungulates. The observation that mothers leave their fawns in agricultural fields during the first few weeks of life has strong implications for wildlife management, as this behavior constitutes a kind of evolutionary trap under current agricultural practices and mowing regimes. Whether females can adjust their maternal care tactics to these novel selection pressures in human-altered landscapes is likely key to predicting the population dynamics of this obligate hider.
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Virtually Delivered Exercise and Stress Management Program to Improve Physical Performance of Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Survivors
Authors: Ma David D. , Liu Zhixin , Au Kimberley , Tran Mei , Artuz Crisbel M. , Greenwood Matthew , Bilmon Ian , Kliman David 
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE
Because of advances in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), meeting the long-term health needs of increasing numbers of HCT survivors remains challenging. This multicenter trial aimed to assess the short- and long-term effects of an exercise and mindfulness intervention delivered by telehealth.

METHODS
One hundred thirty-nine participants >6 months post-HCT were randomly assigned 1:1 to a 6-week personalized exercise and mindfulness training with three motivation sessions at 3-6 months via an online meeting platform or usual care. Physical and quality-of-life (QOL) assessments were conducted online for 12 months. The primary end point was the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) at 3 months.

RESULTS

The median time post-HCT was 21 months (range, 7-67 months). Improvement in mean difference of 6-MWT was found in the intervention group compared with control (intention-to-treat) at 3 months (51.4 m [95% CI, 27.3 to 75.5];
P
< .001; effect size [ES], 0.52) and was maintained at 12 months (59.3 m,
P
= .003; ES, 0.60). Sustained improvements in mean difference for sit-to-stand (STS) at 3 and 12 months were seen. There were no significant changes in hand grip strength or QOL outcomes between groups. A significant difference in serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) concentration was observed between the intervention and control groups in the exploratory study. No intervention adverse events were found.

CONCLUSION
The supervised multimodal telehealth intervention provided clinically meaningful and durable improvement of physical capacity in HCT survivors. This home-based program has the potential to provide an unmet need for HCT survivors. Similar programs may benefit survivors of other cancers, organ transplants, and chronic disorders.
On Prospecting
Authors: Reeves-Evison Theo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In its narrow sense, prospecting is defined as the search for mineral deposits with a view to exploit them for financial gain. In the last few decades, this definition has been expanded to include bioprospecting, in which genetic resources are transformed into proprietary knowledge, frequently at the expense of communities who have cultivated this knowledge over generations. Prospecting is therefore inescapably extractive, but insofar as it involves a gamble on the profitability of a resource in the future, it is also inherently speculative. Taking recent discussions of the “extractive view” as its starting point, this article focuses on the role of visual culture in prospecting. It investigates how the search for resources generates a visual culture of prospecting and a visual culture about prospecting, whether through aerial views of resource frontiers, spectacular images that attract venture capital, or “specimen views” that isolate objects of economic interest. Tracing a path from the nineteenth-century survey photographs of Timothy O’Sullivan to contemporary work by the likes of Edith Morales and the group On-Trade-Off, it demonstrates how artists repurpose and diversify the visual culture of prospecting, documenting the forces at play in the struggle over lithium extraction or investigating the methods by which genetic raw materials are turned into patentable commodities.
Rethinking Plant Power
Authors: Palmer James 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Bioenergy derived from plants is typically defined by its capacity to act as a sustainable substitute for fossil fuels. Yet plants might also help us to rethink the very purpose of energy in the Anthropocene, with implications for prevailing attitudes toward growth, productivity, waste, and even pleasure. Drawing on resource and vegetal geographies, the energy humanities, and posthumanist accounts of capitalist production, this provocation begins by highlighting the shared reliance of bioenergy and fossil energy on the work that plants do while photosynthesizing and growing. Recognizing bioenergy as dependent on vegetal labor, rather than as a free gift of nature, serves to foreground the inherent contestability of plants’ use as energy feedstocks. By attending closely to the temporalities and rhythms of vegetal labor, the article argues that we might work with plants not just to restructure incumbent energy systems but also to reshape underlying energy cultures. A closer attunement to plants, the article concludes, could enable society to imagine and embrace new habits of energy consumption. Such habits would reify not continuous expansion or growth, nor even sustainability, but rather the patient anticipation of more transient episodes of deliberate squander and excess.
A Planetary Battery
Authors: Turnbull Thomas Max 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article explores the trials and tribulations of various attempts to store energy from a broad historical and geographical perspective. It focuses on recent developments in and around Berlin but it extends into the deep past and distant stars. Taking in a wide-ranging sequence of historical events, it argues that certain dreams about unparalleled control over Earth’s energy flows are unraveling. What if, rather than clinging to the vestiges of fossil-fueled existence or maintaining 24-7 lifestyles with banks of lithium-ion batteries, some decided to welcome the cycles and periodicities of the Sun back into their lives? It asks what we can learn from focusing on energy storage as a distinct point of exploitation, and what form resistance to new regimes of energy storage would take.
“Spurned Growths”
Authors: Cole Hannah Rachel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The biologist Merlin Sheldrake has named the tendency for humans to privilege plants to the exclusion of fungi “plant-centrism.” Connecting Sheldrake’s claim to critiques of the Caribbean plantation system, this article argues that plant-centrism is inherent in plantation logic. While cash crops depend on fungal processes and networks, fungi are rarely acknowledged except where they lead to disease. They constitute a subterranean underside to plant production and, by extension, the plantation system. Working against plant-centrism, this article examines representations of fungi in Alejo Carpentier’s The Kingdom of This World. Rather than overdetermining fungi as signs of decline, disease, and corruption, the article argues that the novel’s decomposers materialize antiplantation sentiment even as they underlie plantation grounds. Ultimately it suggests using fungi to reassess the novel’s scenes of ruination, recognizing that decomposition is a condition of possibility for new growth.
Vertebral Bone Quality Score as a Predictor of Subsequent Fractures After Cement Augmentation for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture
Authors: Yeh Yu-Cheng , Chen Mu-Ze , Hu Yung-Hsueh , Chiu Ping-Yeh , Kao Fu-Cheng , Hsieh Ming-Kai , Yu Chia-Wei , Tsai Tsung-Ting , Niu Chi-Chien , Chen Lih-Huei , Chen Wen-Jer , Lai Po-Liang 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) T-scores have been shown to predict fragility fractures in population-based studies. Recently, a novel MRI-based vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score has been proposed, showing better predictability for fragility fractures compared with DXA T-scores. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between VBQ scores and DXA T-scores and to determine the impact of VBQ scores on the risk of subsequent fragility fractures after cement augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).

METHODS:
Between January and December 2018, 251 consecutive patients who received cement augmentation for OVCF were included in the study. VBQ scores were calculated using noncontrast T1-weighted MRI. Correlations between VBQ and T-scores were assessed. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence or absence of subsequent fragility fractures after cement augmentation: (1) no Subsequent fracture group and (2) subsequent fracture group. Comparisons between the groups were conducted, and risk factors of subsequent fractures were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS:
Of the patients, 42 (16.7%) experienced subsequent fractures after cement augmentation. The VBQ score showed moderate correlations with the T-score of the hip (r = −0.523, P < .001) and the T-score of the lumbar spine (r = −0.383, P < .001). The subsequent fracture group had a significantly higher VBQ score (4.02 ± 0.56 vs 3.52 ± 0.62, P < .001) and a worse T-score of hip (−3.06 ± 1.28 vs −2.42 ± 0.98, P = .004). In the multivariable analysis, the VBQ score was the only independent predictor of subsequent fractures with 2.799 odds ratio (1.342 to 5.841, P = .006).

CONCLUSION:
In patients who received cement augmentation for OVCF, the VBQ score is significantly correlated with the DXA T-score and may be a more reliable predictor of subsequent fragility fractures.
A Simple Approach for Measuring Higher-Order Arrow-Pratt Coefficients of Risk Aversion
Authors: Deck Cary , Huang Rachel J. , Tzeng Larry Y. , Zhao Lin 
Published: November 2024

Although the importance of the second-order Arrow-Pratt coefficients of risk aversion is well established, the importance of higher-order risk attitudes has only recently begun to be recognized. In this paper, we introduce a nonparametric approach to directly measure higher-order Arrow-Pratt coefficients of risk aversion in an expected utility framework using choices between compound lotteries and show how it can be easily implemented in behavioral studies. Specifically, we provide a theoretical basis for using risk apportionment to reveal the intensity of higher-order risk attitudes, and then draw upon our theoretical results to develop a simple, systematic, and generalizable procedure for eliciting higher-order Arrow-Pratt coefficients. We demonstrate our approach in a laboratory experiment and find that the modal second-order, third-order, and fourth-order Arrow-Pratt coefficients are positive and small. Further, we find that degrees of risk aversion are positively correlated across orders. Additionally, we discuss alternative implementations of our procedure. This paper was accepted by Peng Sun, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: R. J. Huang acknowledges financial support from the National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan [Grants MOST 110-2410-H-008 -017 -MY3]. R. J. Huang and L. Y. Tzeng gratefully acknowledge financial support from E.SUN Bank. L. Zhao acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72125003 and 72131003]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.02300 .
Natural science arguments before (constitutional) courts in the Federal Republic of Germany, France and Costa Rica
Authors: Ban-Forgacs Nora 
Published: November 2024

The main thesis of the paper is that in restricting fundamental (public) health rights, the scientific reasoning should play a new, central role in the assessment of the conflict and the restrictiveness of fundamental rights (de lege ferenda). In this article we argue through some specific examples from the Federal Republic of Germany, France and Costa Rica, that the jurisprudence of European and many overseas constitutional courts (or courts of appeal) is infiltrated by scientific reasoning.