bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European Economic and Environmental Constitutionalism as Driver for UN and WTO Sustainable Development Reforms
Authors: Petersmann Ernst-Ulrich 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Introduction recalls why the progressive transformation of European economic integration law into European community and constitutional law remains the most successful example for using regional law and jurisprudence for promoting also global community law. Section II explains why the increasing authoritarian and neoliberal rejection of “transnational constitutionalism” (like judicial protection of transnational rule-of-law) undermines collective protection of global public goods demanded by citizens. Section III describes how Europe’s multilevel democratic constitutionalism continues to enable the European Union to exercise leadership for UN and WTO legal reforms such as compulsory WTO arbitration and international emission trading systems aimed at mitigating climate change by reducing carbon emissions. Section IV uses the examples of competing internet regulations in China, Europe, and the United States, and of international criminal law (like the arrest warrant of the International Criminal Court against Russian President Putin), for explaining the limits of constitutional and institutional restraints on UN and WTO governance.
Russian Crimes Against Humanity in Ukraine
Authors: Beres Louis René 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ongoing Russian crimes against humanity in Ukraine are overwhelming and intersecting. Defined at the Charter of the International Military Tribunal (Aug. 8, 1945, Art. 6(c), 59 Stat. 1544, 1547, 82 U.N.T.S. 279, 288), these crimes underscore the continuing futility of “Westphalian” international law. Nonetheless, for the foreseeable future, realpolitik will remain the tangible geo-strategic context for operational international law, and new ways will still be needed to reconcile core normative obligations with particular state practice. In the final analysis, there can be no narrowly technical solutions to aggression and genocide, only functional legal mechanisms based on planetary interdependence and human “oneness.” To prevent future crimes against humanity of the sort being brought about by Vladimir Putin, our continuously fragile system of international law will need to be based more openly upon immutable connections between macrocosm (world legal order) and microcosm (individual human being).
Guilty Consciences and Making Good
Authors: Neff Stephen C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The law of reparation has the curious feature of requiring automatic and unilateral action on the part of wrongdoers, without regard to whether there is a claim for redress by the victim party. This contribution points out historical and conceptual roots of this idea. Early traces are found in ancient Greece, in the philosophy of Plato. In medieval Europe, the penitential system of the Catholic Church placed a heavy stress on the unilateral duty of restitution by wrongdoers, notably in the areas of usury and of the waging of unjust wars. These ideas were substantially adopted by the pioneer writers on international law in the seventeenth century, Francisco Suárez and Hugo Grotius. In state practice, there is evidence of a general duty of reparation in the peace-treaty practice of states in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A number of these treaties made specific provision for monetary payments for identified past actions. Modern doctrine on the subject came first from August Heffter. The principal writer on the subject was the Italian scholar and judge Dionisio Anzilotti, with Hans Kelsen as a dissenter. Anzilotti’s views have been substantially adopted by the World Court, as well as by the International Law Commission in its Articles on State Responsibility of 2001.
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
Authors: Reinisch August , Tropper Johannes 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The 2022/2023 jurisprudence of ICSID tribunals and ad hoc committees addressed among others the jurisdictional issues of the notions of “investment” and “investor” under Article 25 ICSID Convention, consent to jurisdiction via domestic legislation, the so-called intra-EU objection to jurisdiction, the interplay between corruption and the admissibility of claims, and narrow dispute settlement clauses. Prominent procedural issues concerned the dismissal of claims manifestly without legal merit and provisional measures related to domestic proceedings. On the merits, 2022 and 2023 cases primarily dealt with expropriation, fair and equitable treatment, and the scope of the umbrella clause. On quantum, some tribunals addressed the appropriate standard of compensation in cases involving non-expropriation claims and the discounted cash flow method for calculating damages in great detail. Annulment committees addressed the limited grounds for annulling awards under the ICSID Convention emphasizing that the annulment procedure was no appeals procedure.
International Criminal Court (ICC)
Authors: Alexander Knoops Geert-Jan , Desevedavy Alexandre 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The International Criminal Court (ICC) encountered a notable surge in activities from 2022 to 2023, with multiple cases advancing to trial and new investigations initiated. This overview explores key themes in the Court’s jurisprudence and activities, focusing on cooperation, case consolidation, and procedural rule interpretation. Fair trial issues, detention reviews, and defense team rights were addressed. Additionally, it delves into three investigations, including the probe into Ukraine. The summary examines the intensive activity within the ICC during 2022–2023, highlighting specific cases like Abd-Al-Rahman (Sudan), Yekatom and Ngaïssona and Said (Central African Republic), Ongwen and Kony (Uganda), Al Hassan (Mali), and updates on the Gicheru, Blé Goudé, and Ntaganda cases. Each case’s legal proceedings, decisions, and developments are detailed. It also explores investigations by the Office of the Prosecutor in the Republic of the Philippines, Venezuela, and Ukraine, discussing legal proceedings, challenges, and ICC decisions. Notably, the Ukraine situation and arrest warrants for alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity are addressed, along with debates on establishing a special tribunal and challenges related to the crime of aggression.
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
Authors: Teles Patrícia Galvão , Antunes João Gil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) is the oldest inter-governmental organization dedicated to the peaceful settlement of international disputes. The PCA currently administers over two hundred cases involving such subjects as inter-state territorial and maritime boundaries, the interpretation and application of international treaties, inter-governmental organizations, international environmental law, human rights, foreign investment, and international commercial transactions. In 2022, the arbitral tribunal in PCA Case No. 2019-28 in the matter of an arbitration before an arbitral tribunal constituted under Annex VII to the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea between Ukraine and the Russian Federation in respect of a Dispute concerning the Detention of Ukrainian Naval Vessels and Servicemen rendered the award in which it addressed the jurisdictional objections raised by the Russian Federation. In this award, the arbitral tribunal dealt with relevant issues of international, including in the field of the law of the sea, in a very geopolitical sensitive context.
Eurasian Economic Union Court (EAEU Court)
Authors: Mikhaliova Tatsiana , Douhan Alena 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article presents an overview of the legal grounds of forming and functioning of the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union. The author discusses challenges, progressive or less successful results of its activity during the first nine years, which form the full cadence of the first Court’s composition, paying attention to the peculiarities of the competence and significance of the practice of the Court within the Eurasian region—the Eurasian Economic Union and its member states. An overview of the recent legal maxims is made for the selected case law of the Court in 2023, which develops main features of the Eurasian law.
European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)
Authors: O’Leary Síofra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The period 2022–2023 was a very challenging but productive one for the European Court of Human Rights. The invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation dominated the landscape, leading to changes in the political and legal borders of the Council of Europe and rendering the Court’s work to uphold and protect human rights all the more indispensable. This contribution looks at sixteen Grand Chamber judgments handed down during the reference period. The relevant cases cover a wide variety of subject matter, including judicial reforms alleged to undermine judicial independence, sanctions on broadcasters in pursuit of media pluralism, procedures required in relation to requests for repatriation by nationals, and hate speech on social media. It also sheds light on four new advisory opinions adopted under Protocol No. 16 to the Convention. Moreover, the overview seeks to demonstrate how the impact case-processing strategy is working in practice, with a significant number of important Chamber judgments delivered throughout the reference period, some of which are also briefly presented.
Hybrid Tribunals
Authors: Williams Sarah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This contribution considers the practice of several hybrid tribunals—those tribunals with a mix of international and national law and personnel—in the period 1 January 2022 to 31 July 2023. The tribunals examined are: Extraordinary African Chambers (EAC); Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL); Residual Mechanism for the Special Court for Sierra Leone (RSCSL); Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC); Kosovo Specialist Chambers (KSC); and the Special Criminal Court in the Central African Republic. Several of these hybrid tribunals entered a residual phase during the period under consideration, while others commenced the judicial phase and issued their first trial and appellate judgments. Reparations remains an important issue for several institutions. Evident is the impact of a lack of sustainable funding and uncertain political support from key actors, in particular the host government. Despite these limits, the model remains a suggested option for other emerging contexts.
Which Scoring System Best Predicts Long-term Survival in Patients with Spinal Metastasis in the Era of Targeted Systemic Treatment? A Comparative Study of Eight Prognostic Models
Authors: Kang Dong-Ho , Park Jin-Sung , Kang Minwook , Jung Kyunghun , Lee Chong-Suh , Park Se-Jun 
Published: November 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective observational study.

Objective.
To evaluate the accuracy of eight scoring systems, including the Tomita, modified Tokuhashi, modified Bauer, Rades, Oswestry Spinal Risk index (OSRI), Lei, New England Spinal Metastasis Score, and Skeletal Oncology Research Group (SORG) nomogram, for predicting long-term survival of patients with spinal metastasis.

Summary of Background Data.
Predicting the prognosis of spinal metastasis is vital for surgical decisions, yet the effectiveness of existing scoring systems in identifying long-term survival remains unclear.

Methods.
456 cases were finally included. Prognostic scores were compared with survival outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed for the entire cohort and across three distinct time periods to evaluate the area under the curve (AUC) for 1-year and 2-year survival, alongside Harrell’s C-statistic.

Results.
The mean patient age was 58.9 years, and the median survival time was 8.6 months. For the entire cohort, the SORG nomogram, OSRI, and modified Tokuhashi scores yielded Harrell’s C-index values of 0.64, 0.63, and 0.62, respectively. For 1-year survival prediction, the SORG nomogram, OSRI, and modified Tokuhashi score demonstrated moderate discriminative power, with AUC values of 0.72, 0.71, and 0.70, respectively. Similarly, for 2-year survival prediction, the modified Tokuhashi score, SORG nomogram, and OSRI also revealed moderate discriminative power, with AUC values of 0.73, 0.72, and 0.70, respectively. For patients who underwent surgery in the most recent period, OSRI demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy for 1-year survival, with a Harrell’s C-index of 0.63 and an AUC of 0.68, and 2-year survival, with a Harrell’s C-index of 0.63 and an AUC of 0.64.

Conclusion.
Most scoring systems exhibited low discriminative power, with only the SORG nomogram, OSRI, and modified Tokuhashi scores demonstrating moderate power for predicting long-term survival. In the most recent period, the OSRI demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy for both 1-year and 2-year survival.
Histopathologic Perspective of Nail Lichen Planus: A 10-year Case Series From a Tertiary Care Center in South India
Authors: Fernandez Ashrita Laura , Bukelo Maria Frances , Bhat Pernaje Ishwara , Kalegowda Inchara Yeliur 
Published: November 2024

Abstract:
Nail involvement is seen in 10% of lichen planus patients, with a subset developing severe destruction of the nail matrix. Nail biopsy is a complex procedure usually done when nails are the only site of involvement. The pathology of nail lichen planus (NLP) has been the subject of very few studies. Most studies refer to the major and minor histopathologic criteria proposed by Hanno et al. This study aims to characterize the histopathologic features of NLP. Twenty five patients of NLP with nail biopsies, diagnosed in the last 10 years were included in the study. Lichen planus was suspected in all patients, and the alternative diagnosis was psoriasis/onychomycosis and melanoma. On histopathology, the common features included acanthosis (88%), lichenoid lymphocytic inflammation (96%), and hypergranulosis (72%). Detachment of epithelium from the subepithelium, a hitherto unreported feature, was noted in 60% of cases. Less common features were lymphocytic exocytosis (48%), melanophages (40%), basal vacuolar alteration (24%), apoptotic keratinocytes (28%), fraying of the nail plate (24%), and spongiosis (20%). Understanding the common and less common histopathologic features and their correlation with clinical findings is essential to diagnose NLP accurately rather than stressing histologic criteria as major/minor, which may lead to the underdiagnosis of cases.
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy with Instillation for Periprosthetic Infection after Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: O’Connor Madeline J. , Huffman Kristin N. , Ho Kelly , Marzouk Sammer , Casas Fuentes Rolando J. , Zhang Kenneth L. , Melnick Bradley A. , Sparks Payton J. , Harris Raiven , Bartler Angelica V. , Collinsworth Ashley , Griffin Leah , Galiano Robert D. 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Periprosthetic infection after breast reconstruction is not uncommon and can result in loss of the implant pocket and negative patient outcomes. Management of these infections typically involves removal of the prosthesis, treatment with antibiotics, and delayed reconstruction upon infection resolution. The impact of adjunctive use of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell (NPWTi-d) on breast pocket salvage rates, time to implant reinsertion, and related outcomes was examined.

Methods:
A systematic literature search using PubMed, Cochrane, OVID, Scopus, and Embase was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles written in English and published between January 2004 and April 2023 that examined NPWTi-d use in the breast pocket with a history of periprosthetic infection after breast reconstruction.

Results:
Of the 1703 publications, 6 studies met inclusion criteria, representing 115 patients and 122 breasts. The overall breast pocket salvage rate with NPWTi-d across studies was approximately 92%. In the 6 studies that included prosthesis type and radiation history, overall salvage rates were 97.8% (45 of 46) for pockets containing implants and 93.8% (15 of 16) for pockets containing tissue expanders. Salvage rates were 85.7% (12 of 14) and 91.7% (53 of 58) for irradiated and nonirradiated breasts, respectively. Mean time to implant reinsertion ranged from 2.3 to 10.3 days.

Conclusions:
In this review, antibiotic therapy along with adjunctive use of NPWTi-d for periprosthetic infections after breast reconstructions was associated with high rates of breast pocket salvage and reduced time to implant reinsertion. Larger prospective and randomized trials are needed to better understand and optimize the effectiveness of NPWTi-d in this population.
Novel, Low-cost Ear Elevation Splint for Auricular Construction
Authors: Chwa Emily S. , Baltrusch Breanna , Claussen Erin , Allison Sophia , Shah Nikhil D. , Yamada Akira 
Published: November 2024

Summary:
Modern approaches to autogenous auricular reconstruction involve a multistage approach where ear elevation is an independent procedure. The goal is to project the reconstructed ear at an anatomically accurate and symmetric auriculocephalic angle, but postoperative scar contraction may adversely affect the long-term outcomes. An ear elevation splint was developed to provide rigid support for the auricle during the acute healing period to promote lasting elevation. The splint is low cost, made from commonly used orthotic materials, and can be conveniently customized for each patient in less than 15 minutes.
Spotlight on Amniotic Membrane Extract Eye Drops: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Kilian Raphael , Bonacci Erika , Donner Ruth , Lammer Jan , Rizzo Clara , Crincoli Emanuele , De Ruvo Valentino , Schmidinger Gerald , Pedrotti Emilio , Marchini Giorgio 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
To review the literature focusing on the effectiveness of amniotic membrane extract eye drops (AMEDs) in the treatment of ocular surface diseases.

Methods:
PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases were searched until March 4, 2024. Overall, we identified 1,121 studies, 26 of which were selected for a full-text review. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed for clinical improvements, time to resolution of corneal staining, adverse events, and preparation methods. Strength of clinical data was graded according to the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine.

Results:
Overall, AMED compounds were used in 296 eyes of 205 patients. Fifty-nine percent of eyes were treated for dry eye disease, 23% for an epithelial defect, and the rest (18%) for other corneal wound healing disorders. Three main types of eye drops preparation were described, that is, lyophilized, homogenized, and fresh AMED. Although the methods of outcome reporting were heterogeneous, all included studies showed various grades of improvement in both signs and symptoms. The overall incidence of ocular side effects was 2.3%.

Conclusions:
Despite the suboptimal quality of evidence, overall, the available literature suggests that AMED is a valuable tool in the treatment of ocular surface disorders.
The radiosensitivity of niraparib tosylate to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is stronger under hypoxia and higher-pressure conditions
Authors: Wang Hongmin , Zhang Fuxia , Zhao Yingying , Wang Yongtao , Xin Chao , Cui Yuzhong 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Radiotherapy is an effective method for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treatment show reduced effectiveness in long-term due to reduced sensitivity of cancer cells to radiotherapy. Niraparib tosylate, a poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor may enhance the radiosensitivity of these cells. Hence, the present study was aimed to study the effects of niraparib tosylate on ESCC proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle along with radiosensitivity enhancement efficiency.

Materials and methods:
ESCC cell lines, KYSE-30 were subjected to niraparib tosylate or irradiation treatments or combination of both. CCK8 and colony formation assays were performed to monitor cell growth status. Cell cycle and apoptosis level were investigated through flow cytometry. The expressions of targeted genes were detected at protein levels by western blot. Besides, xenografts were successfully established in immunocompromised mice. Student’s t-test was used to compare data and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Treatment with niraparib tosylate showed G2/M cycle arrest and apoptosis in KYSE-30 cells and the rate was observed to be more significant with combination therapy. These effects were further strengthened when cells were cultured under hypoxia and high atmospheric pressure. An enhanced susceptibility to radiotherapy was observed with niraparib tosylate combination. The homologous recombination related regulator, Rad51, showed remarkable upregulation in cancer cells exposed to combination of drug-radiation treatment. The tumor burden was also relieved in xenograft mouse models with combination of drug-radiation treatment, indicating the potential of niraparib tosylate use clinical cancer therapy.

Conclusion:
From the results, a novel function of niraparib tosylate can be established, impairing DNA damage repair efficiency to increase the susceptibility of ESCC to radiotherapy, resulting in cell apoptosis and G2/M cycle arrest in vitro and in vivo.
Collaborative care models in adult congenital heart disease transplant
Authors: Kearney Katherine , McDonald Michael , Roche Lucy 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
While multidisciplinary collaboration is a tenant of quality heart failure care and critical to the success of transplant programs, this essay challenges the temptation to shoehorn adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients into preexisting processes and paradigms. We explore the development of more relevant models, purposefully designed to improve ACHD transplant volumes and outcomes.

Recent findings
Globally, the rapid acceleration of ACHD patients living with and dying from HF stands in stark contrast to their access to transplant. Inferior early outcomes after ACHD transplant remain an undeniable barrier. And yet while all large registry datasets attest to this statistic, a few centers have achieved results comparable to those in acquired heart disease. This despite increases in both ACHD candidate complexity and referrals for Fontan Circulatory Failure. Perhaps something in their approach to care delivery is key?.

Summary
Alone, neither ACHD nor transplant programs can provide optimal management of HF in ACHD. A siloed approach is similarly inadequate. Building new ACHD-HF-Transplant teams, centered on the patient and supplemented by ad hoc expert partnerships, is an exciting approach that can improve outcomes, create a high-quality training environment, and in our experience, is a truly rewarding way of working together.