bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation and acute ischaemic stroke: design and baseline data of the prospective multicentre Berlin Atrial Fibrillation Registry
Authors: Haeusler Karl Georg , Tütüncü Serdar , Kunze Claudia , Schurig Johannes , Malsch Carolin , Harder Janek , Wiedmann Silke , Dimitrijeski Boris , Ebinger Martin , Hagemann Georg , Hamilton Frank , Honermann Martin , Jungehulsing Gerhard Jan , Kauert Andreas , Koennecke Hans-Christian , Leithner Christoph , Mackert Bruno-Marcel , Masuhr Florian , Nabavi Darius , Rocco Andrea , Schmehl Ingo , Schmitz Bettina , Sparenberg Paul , Stingele Robert , von Brevern Michael , Völzke Enrico , Dietzel Joanna , Heuschmann Peter U , Endres Matthias 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Aims
The Berlin Atrial Fibrillation Registry was designed to analyse oral anticoagulation (OAC) prescription in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and acute ischaemic stroke.

Methods and results
This investigator-initiated prospective multicentre registry enrolled patients at all 16 stroke units located in Berlin, Germany. The ongoing telephone follow-up is conducted centrally and will cover 5 years per patient. Within 2014 and 2016, 1080 patients gave written informed consent and 1048 patients were available for analysis. Median age was 77 years [interquartile range (IQR) 72–83], 503 (48%) patients were female, and 254 (24%) had a transient ischaemic attack (TIA). Overall, 470 (62%) out of 757 patients with known AF and a (pre-stroke) CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 1 were anticoagulated at the time of stroke. At hospital discharge, 847 (81.3%) of 1042 patients were anticoagulated. Thereof 710 (68.1%) received a non-vitamin K-dependent oral anticoagulant (NOAC) and 137 (13.1%) a vitamin K antagonist (VKA). Pre-stroke intake of a NOAC [odds ratio (OR) 15.6 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI 1.97–122)] or VKA [OR 0.04 (95% CI 0.02–0.09)], an index TIA [OR 0.56 (95% CI 0.34–0.94)] rather than stroke, heart failure [OR 0.49 (95% CI 0.26–0.93)], and endovascular thrombectomy at hospital admission [OR 12.9 (95% CI 1.59–104)] were associated with NOAC prescription at discharge. Patients’ age or AF type had no impact on OAC or NOAC use, respectively.

Conclusion
About 60% of all registry patients with known AF received OAC at the time of stroke or TIA. At hospital discharge, more than 80% of AF patients were anticoagulated and about 80% of those were prescribed a NOAC.
Linking biosynthetic and chemical space to accelerate microbial secondary metabolite discovery
Authors: Soldatou Sylvia , Eldjarn Grimur Hjorleifsson , Huerta-Uribe Alejandro , Rogers Simon , Duncan Katherine R 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Secondary metabolites can be viewed as a chemical language, facilitating communication between microorganisms. From an ecological point of view, this metabolite exchange is in constant flux due to evolutionary and environmental pressures. From a biomedical perspective, the chemistry is unsurpassed for its antibiotic properties. Genome sequencing of microorganisms has revealed a large reservoir of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs); however, linking these to the secondary metabolites they encode is currently a major bottleneck to chemical discovery. This linking of genes to metabolites with experimental validation will aid the elicitation of silent or cryptic (not expressed under normal laboratory conditions) BGCs. As a result, this will accelerate chemical dereplication, our understanding of gene transcription and provide a comprehensive resource for synthetic biology. This will ultimately provide an improved understanding of both the biosynthetic and chemical space. In recent years, integrating these complex metabolomic and genomic data sets has been achieved using a spectrum of manual and automated approaches. In this review, we cover examples of these approaches, while addressing current challenges and future directions in linking these data sets.
Technology, war and the state: past, present and future
Authors: Chin Warren 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
War made the state, and the state made war, but does this statement hold true today? Will it apply in the future? The consensus is that the absence of major war within the western world, post 1945, did cause the war–state relationship to change, but each became significantly less important to the other. This article argues that the relationship was closer and deeper than has been assumed. It proposes that the peculiar strategic conditions created by the nuclear age caused states to wage a ritualistic style of war, in which demonstration rather than the physical application of violence became increasingly important. Within this setting, the state drove the process of technological innovation in defence to its limits in an effort to demonstrate its military superiority. This massive peacetime investment in defence technology exerted a huge impact on the character of war, which led to new strategic forms. However, most importantly, the diffusion of military technology also affected the wider economy and society, leading to a form of internal power transition within states. The author speculates on how these elemental forces will play out in the future, what will happen to war and the state, and whether we will reach a point where war leads to the unmaking of the state.
Meat intake and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in two large US prospective cohorts of women and men
Authors: Ma Yanan , Yang Wanshui , Li Tricia , Liu Yue , Simon Tracey G , Sui Jing , Wu Kana , Giovannucci Edward L , Chan Andrew T , Zhang Xuehong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological evidence on the associations between meat intake and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was limited and inconsistent.MethodsWe prospectively examined the association between consumption of meats and meat mutagens with HCC risk using data from the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for known liver-cancer risk factors.ResultsDuring up to 32 years of follow-up, we documented 163 incident HCC cases. The HRs of HCC for the highest vs the lowest tertile intake levels were 1.84 (95% CI: 1.16–2.92, Ptrend = 0.04) for processed red meats and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.40–0.91, Ptrend = 0.02) for total white meats. There was a null association between unprocessed red meats and HCC risk (HR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.68–1.63, Ptrend = 0.85). We found both poultry (HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.40–0.90, Ptrend = 0.01) and fish (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.47–1.05, Ptrend = 0.10) were inversely associated with HCC risk. The HR for HCC risk was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.61–1.02) when 1 standard deviation of processed red meats was substituted with an equivalent amount of poultry or fish intake. We also found a suggestive positive association of intake of meat-derived mutagenicity or heterocyclic amines with risk of HCC.ConclusionsProcessed red meat intake might be associated with higher, whereas poultry or possibly fish intake might be associated with lower, risk of HCC. Replacing processed red meat with poultry or fish might be associated with reduced HCC risk.
Studying Parkinson’s disease using Caenorhabditis elegans models in microfluidic devices
Authors: Youssef Khaled , Tandon Anurag , Rezai Pouya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons (DNs) in the substantia nigra and the widespread accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) protein, leading to motor impairments and eventual cognitive dysfunction. In-vitro cell cultures and in-vivo animal models have provided the opportunity to investigate the PD pathological hallmarks and identify different therapeutic compounds. However, PD pathogenesis and causes are still not well understood, and effective inhibitory drugs for PD are yet to be discovered. Biologically simple but pathologically relevant disease models and advanced screening technologies are needed to reveal the mechanisms underpinning protein aggregation and PD progression. For instance, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) offers many advantages for fundamental PD neurobehavioral studies including a simple, well-mapped, and accessible neuronal system, genetic homology to humans, body transparency and amenability to genetic manipulation. Several transgenic worm strains that exhibit multiple PD-related phenotypes have been developed to perform neuronal and behavioral assays and drug screening. However, in conventional worm-based assays, the commonly used techniques are equipment-intensive, slow and low in throughput. Over the past two decades, microfluidics technology has contributed significantly to automation and control of C. elegans assays. In this review, we focus on C. elegans PD models and the recent advancements in microfluidic platforms used for manipulation, handling and neurobehavioral screening of these models. Moreover, we highlight the potential of C. elegans to elucidate the in-vivo mechanisms of neuron-to-neuron protein transfer that may underlie spreading Lewy pathology in PD, and its suitability for in-vitro studies. Given the advantages of C. elegans and microfluidics technology, their integration has the potential to facilitate the investigation of disease pathology and discovery of potential chemical leads for PD.
Uterine and vaginal bacterial community diversity prior to artificial insemination between pregnant and nonpregnant postpartum cows1
Authors: Ault Taylor B , Clemmons Brooke A , Reese Sydney T , Dantas Felipe G , Franco Gessica A , Smith Tim P L , Edwards J Lannett , Myer Phillip R , Pohler Ky G 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The present study evaluated the bovine vaginal and uterine bacterial community diversity and its relationship to fertility. Postpartum beef cows (n = 68) were synchronized beginning on day −21 and ending with timed artificial insemination (TAI) on day 0. Pregnancy was diagnosed 30 d after TAI. Uterine and vaginal flushes were collected on day −21, −9, and −2 for bacterial DNA extraction to sequence the V1 to V3 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Results indicated a decrease in the number of bacterial species over time in the uterus of resulting pregnant and nonpregnant beef cows (P < 0.0001). Principal coordinate analyses (PCoA) depicted clustering of samples, indicating closely related bacterial communities, by day in the uterus and vagina (P < 0.0001). At day −2, uterine samples from nonpregnant and pregnant animals clustered separately (P < 0.0001), with nonpregnant animal samples clustering tightly together. Overall, the current study suggests the shift in the reproductive bacterial communities’ diversity and phylogenetic relationship leading up to the time of breeding may contribute to successful pregnancy establishment.
Primary non-urothelial squamous cell carcinoma masquerading as a perforated gastric ulcer: a case report
Authors: Kaczynski Rachel E , Fegely Daniel , Nier Matthew , Valentin-Capeles Neysa , Battista Jackie 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We present an 84-year-old female patient with a very rare form of primary non-urothelial squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder, found incidentally during emergency exploratory laparotomy for a perforated pre-pyloric gastric ulcer. The bladder tumor was positive for CK5/6, CK903, and thrombomodulin biomarkers, as well as for high-risk HPV (16, 18, and 31). Based on a literature review of non-urothelial bladder cancers, specifically non-bilharzial squamous cell carcinoma, we believe our patient had a very rare form of primary non-urothelial squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. The presence of these tumor markers and the lack of clinical evidence to suggest another primary origin, such as anus, rectum, cervix, or uterus, support this conclusion. This case provides an interesting example of a very rare incidental finding during an emergent procedure.
Surgical strategy of urachal remnants in children
Authors: Tatekawa Yukihiro 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A urachus is a vestigial tubular structure that connects the urinary bladder to the allantois during early embryonic development. Urachal remnants are classified as patent urachus, urachal sinus, urachal cyst, and urachal diverticulum. Ten patients with urachal remnants underwent surgery at our institution between 2015 and 2019. Six patients had a urachal sinus, and four had a urachal diverticulum. Two patients with urachal sinus underwent excision of the urachal remnant, from the umbilicus to the urinary bladder, using an umbilical approach. The other four patients with urachal sinus underwent laparoscopic surgery with excision of the urachal remnant, from the umbilicus to the urinary bladder. All patients with urachal diverticulum underwent open excision of the diverticulum through a Pfannenstiel incision. Pathologic examination of all urachal remnants showed no evidence of neoplasm and complete excision. All patients had an uneventful postoperative course and are doing well.
Measurement accuracy and uncertainty in plant biomechanics
Authors: Nelson Nathanael , Stubbs Christopher J , Larson Ryan , Cook Douglas D 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAll scientific measurements are affected to some degree by both systematic and random errors. The quantification of these errors supports correct interpretation of data, thus supporting scientific progress. Absence of information regarding reliability and accuracy can slow scientific progress, and can lead to a reproducibility crisis. Here we consider both measurement theory and plant biomechanics literature. Drawing from measurement theory literature, we review techniques for assessing both the accuracy and uncertainty of a measurement process. In our survey of plant biomechanics literature, we found that direct assessment of measurement accuracy and uncertainty is not yet common. The advantages and disadvantages of efforts to quantify measurement accuracy and uncertainty are discussed. We conclude with recommended best practices for improving the scientific rigor in plant biomechanics through attention to the issues of measurement accuracy and uncertainty.
Mechanical properties and structure–function trade-offs in secondary xylem of young roots and stems
Authors: Plavcová Lenka , Gallenmüller Friederike , Morris Hugh , Khatamirad Mohammad , Jansen Steven , Speck Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBending and torsional properties of young roots and stems were measured in nine woody angiosperms. The variation in mechanical parameters was correlated to wood anatomical traits and analysed with respect to the other two competing functions of xylem (namely storage and hydraulics). Compared with stems, roots exhibited five times greater flexibility in bending and two times greater flexibility in torsion. Lower values of structural bending and structural torsional moduli (Estr and Gstr, respectively) of roots compared with stems were associated with the presence of thicker bark and a greater size of xylem cells. Across species, Estr and Gstr were correlated with wood density, which was mainly driven by the wall thickness to lumen area ratio of fibres. Higher fractions of parenchyma did not translate directly into a lower wood density and reduced mechanical stiffness in spite of parenchyma cells having thinner, and in some cases less lignified, cell walls than fibres. The presence of wide, partially non-lignified rays contributed to low values of Estr and Gstr in Clematis vitalba. Overall, our results demonstrate that higher demands for mechanical stability in self-supporting stems put a major constraint on xylem structure, whereas root xylem can be designed with a greater emphasis on both storage and hydraulic functions.
An Updated List of Principles of Change That Work
Authors: McAleavey Andrew A. , Xiao Henry , Bernecker Samantha L. , Brunet Hannah , Morrison Nicholas R. , Stein Mickey , Jeong Youn Soo , Castonguay Louis G. , Constantino Michael J. , Beutler Larry E. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter presents a list of empirically based principles of therapeutic change that was revised from the one published in this book’s previous volume. The chapter describes the ways in which the original list was modified, and how an extensive review of scientific literature led to the identification of 38 principles clustered into 5 categories: client prognostic principles, treatment/provider moderating principles, client process principles, therapy relationship principles, and therapist intervention principles. This chapter concludes with two appendices. The first is a glossary of terms featured in the list of principles. The second is a list of references that provided empirical support for each principle retained in the list.
Principles of Therapeutic Change in Treating Depression with an Integrative Application of the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy
Authors: Vivian Dina 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes how the author would implement each of the empirically based principles of change identified in Chapter 2, as they specific related to the three cases of depression presented in Chapter 3. The chapter begins with the author’s initial reaction to the list of principles, as well as to the task of describing their implementation in her day-to-day clinical work. Also included in the chapter are the author’s case formulation and treatment for each case, which serve as the general context for the author’s detailed explanation of why and how she would apply the principles in ways that are best attuned to the needs of particular clients. The chapter ends with the description of the author’s thoughts and experience about writing this chapter.
An Evaluation of a Novel Medical Device Versus Standard Interventions in the Treatment of Tension Pneumothorax in a Swine Model (Sus scrofa)
Authors: Sheldon Rowan R , Do Woo S , Forte Dominic M , Weiss Jessica B , Derickson Michael J , Eckert Matthew J , Martin Matthew J 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionTension pneumothorax is a common cause of preventable death in trauma. Needle decompression is the traditional first-line intervention but has high failure rates. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness and expedience of needle thoracostomy, surgical tube thoracostomy, and Reactor™ thoracostomy – a novel spring-loaded trocar insertion device.Materials and MethodsYorkshire swine underwent controlled thoracic insufflation to create tension pneumothorax physiology for device comparison. Additional experiments were performed by increasing insufflation pressures to achieve pulseless electrical activity. Intervention was randomized to needle thoracostomy (14 gauge), tube thoracostomy (32Fr), or Reactor™ thoracostomy (36Fr). Air leak was simulated throughout intervention with 40–80 mL/kg/min insufflation. Intrathoracic pressure monitoring and hemodynamic parameters were obtained at 1 and 5 minutes.ResultsTension physiology and tension-induced pulseless electrical activity were created in all iterations. Needle thoracostomy (n = 28) was faster at 7.04 ± 3.04 seconds than both Reactor thoracostomy (n = 32), 11.63 ± 5.30 (p < 0.05) and tube thoracostomy (n = 32), 27.06 ± 10.73 (p < 0.01); however, Reactor™ thoracostomy was faster than tube thoracostomy (p < 0.001). Physiological decompression was achieved in all patients treated with Reactor™ and tube thoracostomy, but only 14% of needle thoracostomy. Cardiac recovery to complete physiologic baseline occurred in only 21% (6/28) of those treated with needle thoracostomy whereas Reactor™ or tube thoracostomy demonstrated 88% (28/32) and 94% (30/32) response rates. When combined, needle thoracostomy successfully treated tension pneumothorax in only 4% (1/28) of subjects as compared to 88% (28/32) with Reactor™ thoracostomy and 94% (30/32) with tube thoracostomy (p < 0.01).ConclusionsNeedle thoracostomy provides a rapid intervention for tension pneumothorax, but is associated with unacceptably high failure rates. Reactor™ thoracostomy was effective, expedient, and may provide a useful and technically simpler first-line treatment for tension pneumothorax or tension-induced pulseless electrical activity.
J-PAS: forecasts on interacting dark energy from baryon acoustic oscillations and redshift-space distortions
Authors: Costa A A , Marcondes R J F , Landim R G , Abdalla E , Abramo L R , Xavier H S , Orsi A A , Devi N Chandrachani , Cenarro A J , Cristóbal-Hornillos D , Dupke R A , Ederoclite A , Marín-Franch A , Oliveira C M , Vázquez Ramió H , Taylor K , Varela J 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
We estimate the constraining power of Javalambre-Physics of the Accelerated Universe Astrophysical Survey (J-PAS) for parameters of an interacting dark energy (DE) cosmology. The survey is expected to map several millions of luminous red galaxies, emission line galaxies, and quasars in an area of thousands of square degrees in the northern sky with precise photometric redshift measurements. Forecasts for the DESI and Euclid surveys are also evaluated and compared to J-PAS. Using the Fisher matrix approach, we find that J-PAS can place constraints on the interaction parameter comparable to those from DESI, with an absolute uncertainty of about 0.02, when the interaction term is proportional to the dark matter energy density, and almost as good, of about 0.01, when the interaction is proportional to the DE density. For the equation of state of DE, the constraints from J-PAS are slightly better in the two cases (uncertainties 0.04–0.05 against 0.05–0.07 around the fiducial value −1). Both surveys stay behind Euclid but follow it closely, imposing comparable constraints in all specific cases considered.
Quantifying the AGN-driven outflows in ULIRGs (QUADROS) IV: HST/STIS spectroscopy of the sub-kpc warm outflow in F14394+5332
Authors: Tadhunter C , Holden L , Ramos Almeida C , Batcheldor D 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Considerable uncertainties remain about the nature of warm, AGN-driven outflows and their impact on the evolution of galaxies. This is because the outflows are often unresolved in ground-based observations. As part of a project to study the AGN outflows in some of the most rapidly evolving galaxies in the local Universe, here we present Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) observations of F14394+5332E that resolve the sub-kpc warm outflow for the first time in an ultra-luminous infrared galaxy. The observations reveal a compact, high-ionization outflow region (rmax ∼ 0.9 kpc) set in a more extensive (rmax ∼ 1.4 kpc) halo that is kinematically quiescent and has a lower ionization state. A large line width (600 &lt; FWHM &lt; 1500 km s−1) is measured throughout the outflow region, and the outflowing gas shows a steep velocity gradient with radius, with the magnitude of the blueshifted velocities increasing from ∼500 to 1800 km s−1 from the inner to the outer part of the outflow. We interpret the observations in terms of the local acceleration, and hydrodynamic destruction, of dense clouds as they are swept up in a hot, low-density wind driven by the AGN. We discuss the implications for measuring the mass outflow rates and kinetic powers for the AGN-driven outflows in such objects.