bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NAD+ Cofactor Regeneration by TMB‐Mediated Horseradish‐Peroxidase‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Li Yunzhe , Wang Zhen‐Gang , Li Huanrong , Ding Baoquan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has attracted substantial interest in the enzymatic chemical transformations. In this work, we report the use of a traditional horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/H2O2 system for the catalytic transformation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) into NAD+, in the presence of a common HRP substrate, 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), as an electron mediator. The effect of H2O2, HRP or TMB concentration on the oxidization rate of NADH was systematically investigated. The results show that a small amount of HRP and TMB resulted in high efficient oxidization of NADH into NAD+, through the switching between the oxidized and reduced states of TMB. The enzymatic system also exhibited pH‐dependent catalytic properties, so that a XOR logic gate was constructed with H2O2 and H+ as the gate inputs, and the generated TMB charge transfer complex as the output signals. The addition of glucose dehydrogenase (GDH)/glucose allows the cycling between the NADH and NAD+ and the coupled activation of HRP and GDH. This work provides a strategy for efficient regeneration of the NAD+ cofactor and enzyme‐driven transformations.
Mesoporous Titania‐Alumina Mixed Oxide: A Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzimidazoles, Benzothiazoles and Benzoxazoles
Authors: Bahrami Kiumars , Bakhtiarian Mohsen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMesoporous titania‐alumina mixed oxide (MTAMO) was synthesized by sol‐gel pathway using sodium dodecyl sulfate as a structure directing agent and successfully employed as a highly efficient nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 2‐substituted benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, and benzoxazoles using 30% H2O2 as a green oxidant. The described methodology offers the benefits of operational simplicity, excellent yields, short reaction times and mild conditions. The catalyst characterized by various techniques like Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) and N2 adsorption‐desorption.
Effective Preparation of One‐Dimensional Boron‐Nitride‐ Nanotube‐Supported Nanosheet Hierarchical Structures and Their Optical/Adsorption Properties
Authors: Wang Jilin , Ji Yuchun , Gu Yunle , Liao Hejie , Yang Liuzhong , Long Fei , Zhou Bing , Wang Weimin , Fu Zhengyi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA novel boron nitride nanotube‐supported nano‐sheets one‐dimensional hierarchical structures (BNNT‐BNNS) were efficiently prepared via a ball milling assisting chemical vapor deposition method. X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), Raman, field scanning electron microscopy (FSEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to characterize the as‐synthesized samples. The samples presented a length of more than 20 μm and wide diameter ranges from 20 nm to 600 nm. Abundant nano‐sheets grew in random directions and intertwined closely on the surface of the one‐dimensional structures. Every nano‐sheet was transparent and demonstrated a thickness of less than 10 nm with irregular size and shape. Ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) and photoluminescence (PL) results indicated that the band gap was 5.71 eV and the maximum fluorescence emission peak was located at 368 nm. In addition, it was worth noting that the BNNT‐BNNS hierarchical structures also presented excellent adsorption property for methylene blue (MB). When the adsorption time was 5 min, MB could be removed by 75.2% from water solution. The adsorption rate could increase to 97.3% when the adsorption time was 115 min. Finally, the possible chemical reactions and the corresponding catalytic cracking growth mechanism of the special hierarchical structures also were investigated carefully.
A DFT Study on the One‐Electron Reduction/Oxidation of Biologically Relevant Pteridine Derivatives
Authors: Reibnegger Gilbert 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPteridine derivatives occur ubiquitously in living systems. The biological functions of these nitrogen‐rich heterocyclic compounds remain partly unknown. The most intensively studied role is that of tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactor for the monooxygenases hydroxylating the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. In these and other reactions pteridine derivatives act as redox catalysts; therefore, their redox behavior is of particular interest. Using density functional theory, one‐electron reduction/oxidation processes involving relevant pteridine derivatives in aqueous solution are studied. For pterins and lumazines, the results reproduce very satisfactorily the experimentally known increasing reductive strength in the order aromatic, dihydro and tetrahydro compound. The influence of simple substituents at different molecular sites is studied. Results on quinoid dihydropterins not only confirm earlier experimental conclusions regarding the structure of these quite instable compounds, they also provide a theoretical rationale why quinoid dihydrobiopterin may have evolved as intermediate in the cofactor role of tetrahydrobiopterin.
A Potentiometric Study of the Briggs‐Rauscher Oscillatory Reaction in a Solution of Ionic Surfactants and Tetrabutylammonium Hydrogensulphate
Authors: Pribus Marek , Trnková Libuše , Grančičová Oľga , Olexová Anna 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe concentration effect of ionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulphate, N‐hexadecyl‐N,N,N‐trimethylammonium hydrogensulphate, 3‐(N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐myristylammonio)propanesulfonate) and tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulphate was investigated on the Briggs‐Rauscher (BR) oscillatory reaction in a stirred batch reactor at 25 ± 0.1 °C in both the absence and presence of an ionic surfactant. In the presence of the anionic surfactant, the induction period (IP) and the oscillation period (OP) increase markedly, and the amplitude of oscillations decreases with increasing concentration of sodium dodecyl sulphate. These effects have been observed when the concentration of surfactant is much higher than its critical micelle concentration. Another effect on IP and OP has been observed in the presence of cationic and zwitterionic surfactants. A decrease in IP leads to its extinction at a certain concentration and at the same time, chemical oscillations divide into two series of chemical oscillations. TBAH does not have a major influence on IP and OP of the BR oscillatory reaction. The observed effects are explained in terms of micellar catalysis or inhibition in different extents of individual reactants solubilisation respectively.
Hybrid Architectures based on 2D MXenes and Low‐Dimensional Inorganic Nanostructures: Methods, Synergies, and Energy‐Related Applications
Authors: Liu Yi‐Tao , Zhu Xiao‐Dong , Pan Long 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBeing conductive and flexible, MXenes, including transition metal carbides and nitrides, are expected to compete with, or even outperform graphene as 2D substrates serving in versatile applications. On the other hand, the extraordinary electrochemical activities of MXenes make them promising candidates as electrode materials in rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors, or as electrocatalysts in water splitting. However, MXenes are inclined to self‐restack due to hydrogen bonding or van der Waals interactions, which may lead to substantial loss of electroactive area as well as inaccessibility of ions and electrolytes. In this sense, hybridizing 2D MXenes and low‐dimensional inorganic nanostructures in elaborately designed architectures is of utmost significance, and provides a chance to integrate their unique properties in a complementary way. As such, this review is dedicated to highlighting recent progress in this regime, putting emphasis on the methods, structural and functional synergies, and energy‐related applications. Moreover, the present challenges and the future development directions are also discussed in depth.
A Novel Mobile Phone Text Messaging Platform Improves Collection of Patient-Reported Post-operative Pain and Opioid Use Following Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Premkumar Ajay , Lovecchio Francis C. , Stepan Jeffrey G. , Kahlenberg Cynthia A. , Blevins Jason L. , Albert Todd J. , Cross Michael B. 
Published: October 2018

Background Prospective collection of patient-reported opioid consumption and pain levels post-surgically may hold value in highlighting solutions related to the opioid crisis. Traditional methods for collecting patient-reported outcomes after surgery, such as paper surveys, often have poor response rates, and electronic messaging may offer more convenience and therefore yield more robust data. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a novel mobile phone short message service (SMS) platform would lead to better patient response rates to surveys on pain and opioid use than data-collection tools. Methods An SMS text messaging platform was created and implemented between September 2017 and May 2018 at an orthopedic specialty hospital. The purpose was to collect reports on opioid consumption and pain levels twice a day for 6 weeks post-surgery from patients who had undergone total hip or knee arthroplasty or a single-level lumbar microdiscectomy or decompression spine surgery. Patients who responded to fewer than 50% of the text messages were excluded. Results Our mobile phone text messaging platform was used by 183 patients, demonstrating a significantly higher response rate (96.1%) than our institution's post-operative email registry capture, as well as the majority of published response rates for post-operative outcomes captured through electronic and traditional data-collection systems. Response rate remained consistently high among the various surgeons and across patients, regardless of age. Conclusions This application of a widely available technology can improve the measurement of post-operative patient-reported outcomes. Such data can in turn be used in the development of strategies to reduce post-operative opioid use. The adoption of novel technologies at a patient level will play a key role in combating the opioid epidemic.
Effects of gain-loss frames on advantageous inequality aversion
Authors: Boun My Kene , Lampach Nicolas , Lefebvre Mathieu , Magnani Jacopo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper studies individuals’ preference for reducing advantageous inequality in the distribution of gains and losses. Combining the inequality aversion model of Fehr and Schmidt (Q J Econ 114(3):817–868, 1999) with loss aversion à la Kahneman and Tversky (Econom J Econom Soc:263–291, 1979), we predict the relative dislike for advantageous inequality is lower when outcomes are framed as losses than when outcomes are framed as gains. We test this prediction using data from two modified dictator game experiments. Consistent with the model, we find that the amount of payoff that subjects are willing to sacrifice to increase the net payoff of others and reduce advantageous inequality is smaller under a loss frame than under a gain frame. The results also show that women are more inequality averse than men in both gains and losses.
The best form of defence – the benefits of red teaming
Authors: Mansfield-Devine Steve 
Published: October 2018

One of the best ways to understand how well your defences would withstand a cyber-attack is, in fact, to come under attack. Nothing exposes your weaknesses better than having them revealed by skilled hackers. That's the idea behind penetration testing. However, if you have systems or information assets you know are especially valuable, you might want to consider ramping things up a notch and engage in red teaming exercises, as Gemma Moore, a director at Cyberis, explains in this interview. One of the best ways to understand how well your defences would withstand a cyber-attack is, in fact, to come under attack. Nothing exposes your weaknesses better than having them revealed by skilled hackers. That's the idea behind penetration testing. However, if you have systems or information assets you know are especially valuable, you might want to consider ramping things up a notch and engage in red teaming exercises, as Gemma Moore explains in this interview.
THE LAW-MAKING EFFECTS OF THE FAO DEEP-SEA FISHERIES GUIDELINES
Authors: Korseberg Lene 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe second half of the twentieth century saw major improvements in the legal regime for fisheries management. This notwithstanding, the deep seas remain largely unregulated under international law, until recently only being covered by the general environmental and management provisions found in UNCLOS. In light of this regulatory gap, this article evaluates the potential law-making effects, if any, of the FAO Deep-Sea Fisheries Guidelines, a voluntary instrument designed to provide States with a regulatory framework for the management of their deep-sea fisheries. It considers how the Guidelines may inform, interpret and influence the content of the general high-sea obligations in UNCLOS. Despite the vagueness and generality of those provisions, some indication of their substantive content has been given in recent decisions, particularly the South China Sea Arbitration. By assessing their compatibility, and their level of acceptance by the international community, this article argues that the FAO Deep-Sea Guidelines are beginning to have a law-making effect by providing an authoritative interpretation of the general high-sea obligations found in UNCLOS relating to deep-sea fisheries.
JUSTICIABILITY
Authors: Mance Lord 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article explores traditional conceptions of non-justiciability in British Courts in honour of Francis Mann. It highlights the move by domestic courts away from traditional ‘no-go’ areas towards a more nuanced and balanced understanding of the respective roles and competences of the executive and the judiciary; and sees this as a not unfavourable development in an era when domestic recourse is often the only practicable means by which an individual, as opposed to a State, may obtain redress for alleged misconduct on the international plane.
Single-stage helical rim reconstruction using a post-auricular bipedicled flap
Authors: Lin D J , Lewis C J , Alrawi M 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundMiddle-third helical rim defects may arise from trauma or oncological resection, and pose a challenging reconstructive problem. Reconstructing defects larger than 2 cm using traditional methods commits patients to the inconvenience of staged procedures.MethodThis paper describes a single-stage helical rim reconstruction technique using a post-auricular bipedicled flap and ipsilateral conchal cartilage graft for delayed middle-third helical rim reconstruction.ResultsTwo examples of this technique used in post-trauma and oncological reconstruction cases are presented, with pre- and post-operative photographs provided for demonstration.ConclusionContralateral graft harvest and staged operations for helical rim reconstruction are associated with donor site morbidity and the inconvenience of multiple operations to achieve the desired reconstructive outcome. Our single-stage helical rim reconstruction technique was well tolerated by patients, and showed satisfactory aesthetic results in terms of size and symmetry.
The democratic deficit on salient issues: immigration and healthcare in the states
Authors: Hare Christopher , Monogan James E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe update past work on the democratic deficit, defined as incongruence between majority public preference and public policy in the American states. We reconsider public opinion and state policy on seven issues related to immigration and health questions. Using original data from the 2014 Cooperative Congressional Election Survey as well as new data on state policy and other predictors, we show that these seven issues have distinct qualities from Lax and Phillips’s larger basket of 39 policy questions in different issue areas. From 2008 to 2014, the democratic deficit on these issues diminished somewhat in the presence of a heightened level of issue salience.
Emerging trends: APIs for speech and machine translation and more
Authors: CHURCH KENNETH WARD 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLots of companies are offering lots of APIs. Reviews are not always as constructive as they could be. Some reviews encourage unproductive work on checkbox features that no one wants. It makes no sense to do the wrong thing badly. Constructive reviews should help focus priorities on what matters. Users care more about a great box opening experience than small improvements in word error rate and BLEU, popular metrics for speech and translation. In 15 minutes or less, can we teach potential users something new (and fun) that does something useful, such as how to translate PowerPoint between English and Chinese, preserving many of the features that are important to PowerPoint such as graphics and animations? See Appendix for the solution.
MUSED: A multimedia multi-document dataset for topic segmentation
Authors: MOTA PEDRO , ESKENAZI MAXINE , COHEUR LUÍSA 
Published: October 2018

AbstractResearch on topic segmentation has recently focused on segmenting documents by taking advantage of documents covering the same topics. In order to properly evaluate such approaches, a dataset of related documents is needed. However, existing datasets are limited in the number of related documents per domain. In addition, most of the available datasets do not consider documents from different media sources (PowerPoints, videos, etc.), which pose specific challenges to segmentation. We fill this gap with the MUltimedia SEgmentation Dataset (MUSED), a collection of documents manually segmented, from different media sources, in seven different domains, with an average of twenty related documents per domain. In this paper, we describe the process of building MUSED. A multi-annotator study is carried out to determine if it is possible to observe agreement among human judges and characterize their disagreement patterns. In addition, we use MUSED to compare the state-of-the-art topic segmentation techniques, including the ones that take advantage of related documents. Moreover, we study the impact of having documents from different media sources in the dataset. To the best of our knowledge, MUSED is the first dataset that allows a straightforward evaluation of both single- and multiple-documents topic segmentation techniques, as well as to study how these behave in the presence of documents from different media sources. Results show that some techniques are, indeed, sensitive to different media sources, and also that current multi-document segmentation models do not outperform previous models, pointing to a research line that needs to be boosted.
The Ratification of CEDAW and the Liberalization of Abortion Laws
Authors: Hunt Kate , Gruszczynski Mike 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDo international treaties lead to cross-national increases in women's rights? In contrast to Asal, Brown, and Figueroa's (2008) suggestion that the Convention to Eliminate All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) is not an important factor in explaining the liberalization of abortion rights polices, this article argues that the treaty contributes to increases in abortion rights when the terms of ratification are disaggregated. Previous excursions into this question have only considered whether a state has ratified the treaty, which is problematic from both a methodological and theoretical standpoint given that many states ratified with conditions, while only six states did not ratify at all. Additionally, some states ratified the Optional Protocol and some have not. We demonstrate that the disaggregation of levels of treaty ratification is associated with increases in women's rights in a model replicating that of Asal, Brown, and Figueroa. Further, we extend our knowledge of the dynamics of treaty ratification through the use of structural equations to more fully model how political, cultural, and economic factors, as well as exogenous international pressures, interact to produce changes in women's rights around the world.
Viewing Agricultural Water Management Through a Systems Analysis Lens
Authors: Zhu Tingju , Ringler Claudia , Rosegrant Mark W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAppropriate agricultural water management (AWM) is crucial not only for alleviating water scarcity but also for food and nutrition security and healthy ecosystems. The multidimensional nature of AWM and inherently complex feedbacks between its components necessitate a systems approach. This paper proposes six dimensions of AWM and illustrates the importance of a systems approach using six separate, but linked, classical AWM topics. By emphasizing the whole picture of AWM and interactions among its subsystems at multiple levels, a systems approach offers the opportunity to holistically scrutinize the pros and cons of proposed AWM interventions beyond their direct effects at the locus that a single‐dimensional approach foretells.
Capturing 50 Years of Postseismic Mantle Flow at Nankai Subduction Zone
Authors: Johnson Kaj M. , Tebo Douglas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe combine Global Positioning System, leveling, and tide gauge records of vertical motion in southwest Japan spanning postseismic deformation following the 1944 M8.1 Tonankai and 1946 M8.4 Nankai earthquakes. Continuous tide gauge records from 1950 to 2015 are combined with leveling data recorded from 1947 to 1980 and Global Positioning System data beginning in 2003 to estimate the spatiotemporal evolution of the vertical velocity field. The combined field shows postseismic subsidence centered approximately 250 km inland from the trench that steadily decreases in rate from 1947 until about 1995. Postseismic uplift is observed in a 50‐km‐wide belt along the southeast coastline that rapidly decays and reverses to subsidence by the mid‐1960s. Both afterslip and viscoelastic mantle flow mechanisms are required to explain the 50‐year postseismic deformation transient. We develop a 2‐D postseismic deformation model consisting of a linear Maxwell viscoelastic mantle and an elastic subducting slab and overriding plate. Rate‐strengthening afterslip on the subduction interface between 20‐ and 45‐km depth and viscoelastic mantle flow relax imposed coseismic stress. Mantle flow with material relaxation time of 8–15 years (viscosity of order 1019 Pa s) is required to fit the data. The inland postseismic subsidence signal is diagnostic of postseismic flow in the mantle wedge. Models with rate‐strengthening afterslip in an elastic half‐space without mantle flow do not produce inland subsidence. The coastal postseismic uplift is largely driven by afterslip. We conclude that vertical deformation data in southwest Japan unambiguously capture 50 years of postseismic mantle flow.