bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐assembled poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether‐grafted gelatin nanogels for efficient delivery of curcumin in cancer treatment
Authors: Tran Diem‐Huong Nguyen , Nguyen Thi Hiep , Vo Thanh Nguyet Nguyen , Pham Linh Phuong Tran , Vo Do Minh Hoang , Nguyen Cuu Khoa , Bach Long Giang , Nguyen Dai Hai 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTCurcumin (CUR) is a natural active ingredient that attracted much attention for its chemotherapeutic activity against tumors without causing toxicity in healthy cells. However, it has certain limitations for being used in chemotherapy such as low aqueous solubility and hydrolytic instability in the physiological environment. In this study, self‐assembled poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether‐grafted gelatin (Gel‐mPEG) nanogels were fabricated as delivery systems to improve the applicability of CUR in cancer treatment. CUR‐loaded Gel‐mPEG nanogels exhibited desired size range, relatively colloidal stability, and provided enhanced CUR stability in aqueous solutions. Especially, they showed significant high CUR loading capacity and better anticancer activity than free CUR as compared to previously reported CUR‐loaded nanogels according to the best of our knowledge. Moreover, the in vitro release of CUR from the nanogels was controlled and prolonged up to 96 h. These results demonstrated that Gel‐mPEG nanogels are the promising modality for the efficient delivery of CUR in cancer treatment. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47544.
The Use of Anatomical Dissection Videos in Medical Education
Authors: Greene Sarah J. 
Published: January 2019

Dissection videos are commonly utilized in gross anatomy courses; however, the actual usage of such videos, as well as the academic impact of student use of these videos, is largely unknown. Understanding how dissection videos impact learning is important in making curricular decisions. In this study, 22 dissection videos were created to review structures identified in laboratory sessions throughout the Organ Systems 1 (OS1), 2 (OS2), and 3 (OS3) courses. Dissection videos were provided to 201 first‐year medical students, and viewing data were recorded. Demographic data for age and gender identity were also collected from students. Overall, there was a significant decrease in total views (P = 0.001), the number of students who pressed play (P < 0.001), and the number of students who viewed ≥ 90% of the total length of videos (P < 0.001) from OS1 to OS3. The total adjusted time spent viewing videos was not significantly different between individual OS courses. There were some instances where significant differences existed in examination performance between those who did and did not view videos, and by time spent viewing videos. There were no significant differences in time spent viewing videos by gender. Together these data suggest that students may utilize dissection videos more at the beginning of a dissection course, although they remain an important resource throughout the year for a subset of students.
A 20‐year study of suicide death in a statewide autism population
Authors: Kirby Anne V. , Bakian Amanda V. , Zhang Yue , Bilder Deborah A. , Keeshin Brooks R. , Coon Hilary 
Published: January 2019

Scientific SummaryGrowing concern about suicide risk among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) necessitates population‐based research to determine rates in representative samples and to inform appropriate prevention efforts. This study used existing surveillance data in Utah to determine incidence of suicide among individuals with ASD over a 20‐year period, and to characterize those who died. Between 1998 and 2017, 49 individuals with ASD died by suicide. Suicide cumulative incidence rates did not significantly differ between 1998 and 2012 across the ASD and non‐ASD populations. Between 2013 and 2017, the cumulative incidence of suicide in the ASD population was 0.17%, which was significantly higher than in the non‐ASD population (0.11%; P < 0.05). During this period, this difference was driven by suicide among females with ASD; suicide risk in females with ASD was over three times higher than in females without ASD (relative risk (RR): 3.42; P < 0.01). Among the individuals with ASD who died by suicide, average age at death and manner of death did not differ significantly between males and females. Ages at death by suicide ranged from 14 to 70 years (M[SD] = 32.41[15.98]). Individuals with ASD were significantly less likely to use firearms as a method of suicide (adjusted odds ratio: 0.33; P < 0.001). Study results expand understanding of suicide risk in ASD and point to the need for additional population‐based research into suicide attempts and ideation, as well as exploration of additional risk factors. Findings also suggest a need for further study of female suicide risk in ASD. Autism Research 2019, 12: 658–666. © 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThis study examined suicide risk among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Utah over a 20‐year period. Risk of suicide death in individuals with ASD was found to have increased over time and to be greater than in individuals without ASD between 2013 and 2017. Females with ASD were over three times as likely to die from suicide as females without ASD. Young people with ASD were at over twice the risk of suicide than young people without ASD. Individuals with ASD were less likely than others to die from firearm‐related suicides.
Simultaneous determination of spinosad, temephos, and piperonyl butoxide in animal‐derived foods using LC–MS/MS
Authors: Zheng Weijia , Choi Jeong‐Min , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Yoo Kyung‐Hee , Park Da‐Hee , Kim Seong‐Kwan , Kang Young‐Sun , Hacımüftüoğlu Ahmet , Wang Jing , Shim Jae‐Han , Shin Ho‐Chul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPesticides, which are used as plant protection products, can enter the food chain, and exposure to these xenobiotics can cause a wide array of health problems in humans. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to develop an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of residual spinosad (sum of spinosyn A and D), temephos and piperonyl butoxide in porcine muscle, egg, milk, eel, flatfish and shrimp (sampling period: February to June 2018) using liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The target analytes were extracted with a combination of acidified acetonitrile and ethyl acetate and subsequently purified with original QuEChERS kits (composed of magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride) as well as n‐hexane. All analytes were separated on a reversed‐phase analytical column using a mobile phase of (A) 0.1% formic acid containing 10 mm ammonium formate in distilled water and (B) methanol. Good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.980) was achieved over the tested concentration range (3.5–35 μg/kg for spinosyn A; 1.5–15 μg/kg for spinosyn D; 5–50 μg/kg for temephos and piperonyl butoxide) in matrix‐matched standard calibrations. Fortified samples at three spiking levels yielded recoveries in the range of 71–105% with relative standard deviations ≤9.2%. The applicability of the method was evaluated via evaluating samples collected from a large wholesale market located in Seoul, and none of the samples contained any of the target analytes. In conclusion, the current approach is simple, efficient and reliable and can successfully determine the residual levels of spinosad, temephos and piperonyl butoxide in complex animal‐derived food products.
Luxury products for the circular economy? A case study of Bang & Olufsen
Authors: Bundgaard Anja Marie , Huulgaard Rikke Dorothea 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper examines whether luxury products can support a circular economy. This is done through a literature review of luxury products and the links to circular economy, as well as a case study of Bang & Olufsen (B&O).The literature review revealed links between some of the core characteristics of luxury products and the circular economy. This included aspects such as the high quality, durability, service schemes, extended warranties, and large aftermarkets.The case study supports the links between the inner circles in the circular economy (maintenance, repair, and reuse) and some of the core characteristics of luxury products. B&O produces products with a long lifespan, has extended warranties, repair and service schemes, spare part availability for 8 years, an aftermarket, and leasing schemes. B&O also does reconditioning of components for its repair loop, conducts dismantling tests, marks plastic parts, and has a negative list that excludes certain hazardous components.
The Behaviours and Perceptions of Paediatricians in Malta Relating to Child Protection Work: National and International Implications of a Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Borg Kevin , Barlow Jane 
Published: January 2019

Health professionals fulfil an essential role within the multiagency response to safeguarding concerns. This study explored the experiences, attitudes and perceptions of paediatricians relating to child protection (CP) work. A mixed‐methods approach was adopted, using the explanatory sequential design. The quantitative strand involved a population survey of paediatricians (N = 56). Data were analysed and used to inform a subsequent qualitative strand. Both strands indicated that CP work was perceived as complex, emotive and stressful. Paediatricians perceived themselves to be working within an unstructured system. Despite most reporting to have assessed CP cases, 77.4 per cent (n = 41) had never received training. The majority reported that response pathways and reporting procedures were unclear and that they were not involved in tasks beyond identification. These factors contributed to a lack of confidence and ambivalence towards CP, particularly child sexual abuse. Participants felt reassured by having a designated consultant, however, this role also enabled them to offload responsibility. Overall, CP work was not being fully owned. This study suggests that the lack of mandatory and statutory guidance results in significantly suboptimal practice. Investment in structured training and support systems is recommended to engage professionals. Designated professionals should complement, rather than minimise, the role and responsibility of other professionals.‘This study explored the experiences, attitudes and perceptions of paediatricians relating to child protection work’Key Practitioner Messages

Child protection is the responsibility of every professional working with children.
Developing child protection systems requires a strong national commitment reflected in legislation and statutory guidance in order to ensure that they are standardised, robust and sustainable.
Engaging professionals in child protection work is essential and calls for structured training programmes, support systems and provisions in law that protect against legal liability.
Designated professionals in child protection are essential, however, their role should complement, rather than minimise, the role and responsibility of other professionals.
Child sexual abuse requires specialist input.
Synthetic and Crystallographic Insight into Exploiting sp2 Hybridization in the Development of α‐l‐Fucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Coyle Travis , Wu Liang , Debowski Aleksandra W. , Davies Gideon J. , Stubbs Keith A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe sugar fucose plays a myriad of roles in biological recognition. Enzymes hydrolyzing fucose from glycoconjugates, α‐l‐fucosidases, are important targets for inhibitor and probe development. Here we describe the synthesis and evaluation of novel α‐l‐fucosidase inhibitors, with X‐ray crystallographic analysis using an α‐l‐fucosidase from Bacteroides thetaiotamicron helping to lay a foundation for future development of inhibitors for this important enzyme class.
Structure‐Based Specific Detection and Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidases and Their Applications in Central Nervous System Diseases
Authors: Shi Riri , Wu Qiong , Xin Chenqi , Yu Houzhi , Lim Kah‐Leong , Li Xin , Shi Zhenxiong , Zhang Cheng‐Wu , Qian Linghui , Li Lin , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMonoamine oxidases (MAOs) are the enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamines, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, which serve as key neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS). MAOs play important roles in maintaining the homeostasis of monoamines, and the aberrant expression or activation of MAOs underlies the pathogenesis of monoamine neurotransmitter disorders, including neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Clearly, detecting and inhibiting the activities of MAOs is of great value for the diagnosis and therapeutics of these diseases. Accordingly, many specific detection probes and inhibitors have been developed and substantially contributed to basic and clinical studies of these diseases. In this review, progress in the detecting and inhibiting of MAOs and their applications in mechanism exploration and treatment of neurotransmitter‐related disorders is summarized. Notably, how the detection probes and inhibitors of MAOs were developed has been specifically addressed. It is hoped that this review will benefit the design of more effective and sensitive probes and inhibitors for MAOs, and eventually the treatment of monoamine neurotransmitter disorders.
Facile Construction of Defect‐rich Rhenium Disulfide/Graphite Carbon Nitride Heterojunction via Electrostatic Assembly for Fast Charge Separation and Photoactivity Enhancement
Authors: Li Haiping , Liang Zhiwei , Deng Quanhua , Hu Ms. Tingxia , Du Na , Hou Wanguo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGraphite carbon nitride (CN) is one of the most researched visible light photocatalysts, but it still cannot be used practically because of its low photoactivity resulting mainly from rapid photogenerated charge recombination. To accelerate charge separation, CN was herein electrostatically assembled with ReS2, a two‐dimensional semiconductor to construct heterojunction for the first time. The electrostatic and coordination interactions between CN and defect‐rich ReS2 make them close contact to form heterojunctions. The ReS2/CN heterojunction exhibits higher photocatalytic performance in pollutant degradation owing to faster generation of reactive oxygen species than CN, as well as increased visible and near‐infrared light absorption because of strong photoabsorption of defect‐rich ReS2. The accelerated reactive oxygen species generation for the heterojunction arises from accelerated charge separation, especially fast transfer of holes from CN to ReS2 in assistance of interfacial electric field and great valance‐band edge difference. This work provides a novel CN‐based heterojunction for photoactivity improvement and illustrates significance of electrostatic attraction in fabricating heterojunctions.
An Unusual Valence State: Trivalent Europium in Intermetallic Eu2Ir3Al9
Authors: Stegemann Frank , Block Theresa , Klenner Steffen , Janka Oliver 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEu2Ir3Al9, synthesized from the elements in tantalum tubes, is one of the rare examples for trivalent europium in the field of intermetallic compounds. The compound crystallizes in the Y2Co3Ga9‐type structure (space group Cmcm), with lattice parameters fitting in between the isostructural samarium and gadolinium compounds. In the crystal structure, the Eu atoms form Al3‐triangle‐centered honeycomb layers and exhibit a coordination number of 17 in the shape of a fivefold‐capped hexagonal prism (Eu@Ir6Al6+Al5). Magnetic measurements indicate an overall low susceptibility, in line with van Vleck paramagnetism caused by the Eu3+ cations. Fits of the susceptibility yield a coupling constant of λ=290(10) K and an effective magnetic moment of μeff=4.56(1) μB, in line with a slight hybridization of the 7F0 and 7F1 state. 151Eu Mössbauer spectroscopic investigations unambiguously prove the presence of solely Eu3+ in the bulk material.
Sensitized Photochemical CO2 Reduction by Hetero‐Pacman Compounds Linking a ReI Tricarbonyl with a Porphyrin Unit
Authors: Lang Philipp , Pfrunder Michael , Quach Gina , Braun‐Cula Beatrice , Moore Evan G. , Schwalbe Matthias 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe hetero‐Pacman architecture places two different metal coordination sites in close proximity, which can support efficient energy and/or electron transfer and allow for cooperative activation of small molecules. Here, the synthesis of dyads consisting of a porphyrin unit as photosensitizer and a rhenium unit as catalytically active site, which are held together by the rigid xanthene backbone, is presented. Mononuclear [(NN)Re(CO)3(Cl)] complexes for CO2 reduction in which NN represents a bidentate diimine ligand (e.g., bipyridine or phenanthroline) lack light absorption in the visible region, resulting in poor photocatalysis upon illumination with visible light. To improve their visible‐light absorption, we have focused on the incorporation of a strongly absorbing free base or zinc porphyrin unit. Resulting photocatalytic experiments showed a strong dependence of the catalytic performance on both the type of photosensitizer and the excitation wavelengths. Most notably, the intramolecular hetero‐Pacman system containing a zinc porphyrin unit showed much better catalytic activity in the visible region (excitation wavelengths >450 nm) than the free base porphyrin version or the corresponding mononuclear rhenium compound or an intermolecular system comprised of a 1:1 mixture of the mononuclear analogues.
Freestanding Carbon Nanotube Film for Flexible Straplike Lithium/Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ding Xiaoyu , Pan Zhenghui , Liu Na , Li Linge , Wang Xianshu , Xu Guoguang , Yang Jie , Yang Jin , Yu Nengsheng , Liu Meinan , Li Wanfei , Zhang Yuegang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFlexible lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries are promising to meet the emerging power demand for flexible electronic devices. The key challenge for a flexible Li/S battery is to design a cathode with excellent electrochemical performance and mechanical flexibility. In this work, a flexible strap‐like Li/S battery based on a S@carbon nanotube/Pt@carbon nanotube hybrid film cathode was designed. It delivers a specific capacity of 1145 mAh g−1 at the first cycle and retains a specific capacity of 822 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. Moreover, the flexible Li/S battery retains stabile specific capacity and Coulombic efficiency even under severe bending conditions. As a demonstration of practical applications, an LED array is shown stably powered by the flexible Li/S battery under flattened and bent states. We also use the strap‐like flexible Li/S battery as a real strap for a watch, which at the same time provides a reliable power supply to the watch.
A Convenient Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of (E)‐3‐Benzylidenechroman‐4‐ones
Authors: Wang Wei‐Feng , Peng Jin‐Bao , Qi Xinxin , Ying Jun , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA convenient palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation reaction for the efficient synthesis of (E)‐3‐benzylidenechroman‐4‐ones has been developed. Using TFBen as a solid CO source, a range of substituted (E)‐3‐benzylidenechroman‐4‐ones were prepared in moderate to good yields with 2‐iodophenols and allyl chlorides as the substrates. Additionally, substituted quinolin‐4(1H)‐ones can also be obtained with 2‐iodoaniline as the starting material.
Room Temperature Ferromagnetism Enhanced in Al‐Doped ZnO by Pulsed Magnetic Field Processing
Authors: Yu Zhongrui , Tariq Muhammad , Li Wenxian , Hu Yemin , Zhu Mingyuan , Jin Hongming , Li Ying , Liao Hanlin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAl‐doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductor with hexagonal wurtzite structure is synthesized by hydrothermal method under 4 T (Tesla) pulsed magnetic field. High‐pulsed magnetic field processing promotes the substitution proportion of Al for Zn sites in ZnO lattice, which the processed sample performs better room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM). The improvement of RTFM in Al‐doped ZnO is mainly on account of induced F centers in ZnO lattice by increased oxygen vacancies.
Band Gap Engineering of Mg Doped ZnO Nanorods Prepared by a Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Senol Sevim D. , Boyraz Cihat , Ozugurlu Ersin , Gungor Ali , Arda Lutfi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe effect of band gap on the structure, magnetic, and optical properties of Zn1−xMgxO nanorods synthesized by hydrothermal method using varying x‐values from 0.00 to 0.05 with 0.01 step increment is studied. The structural phases of Zn1−xMgxO samples are determined by X‐ray diffraction tool. The Rietveld analysis is performed for the selected Zn0.95Mg0.05O sample and all samples’ phases are found as single phase. The concentration‐dependent of lattice parameters, cell volumes, microstrain, and dislocation density, locality of the atoms and their displacement, and bond length in Zn1‐xMgxO structures are detailed. Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) measurements are performed and analyzed through concentration dependence of the g‐factor and the line‐widths of pike to pike (ΔHPP) of ESR spectra. A ferromagnetic behavior of the Zn0.95Mg0.05O nanorods is observed. The optical band gaps (Eg) of Zn1‐xMgxO nanorods are obtained by the data taken from Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–VIS) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. It is found that the Eg‐values increased with increasing amount of Mg elements in the structure.
Solid‐Waste‐Derived Carbon Dioxide‐Capturing Materials
Authors: Wang Junya , Yang Ying , Jia Qingming , Shi Yuzhen , Guan Qingqing , Yang Na , Ning Ping , Wang Qiang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSolid sorbents are considered to be promising materials for carbon dioxide capture. In recent years, many studies have focused on the use of solid waste as carbon dioxide sorbents. The use of waste resources as carbon dioxide sorbents not only leads to the development of relatively low‐cost materials, but also eliminates waste simultaneously. Different types of waste materials from biomass, industrial waste, household waste, and so forth were used as carbon dioxide sorbents with sufficient carbon dioxide capture capacities. Herein, progress on the development of carbon dioxide sorbents produced from waste materials is reviewed and covers key factors, such as the type of waste, preparation method, further modification method, carbon dioxide sorption performance, and kinetics studies. In addition, a new research direction for further study is proposed. It is hoped that this critical review will not merely sum up the major research directions in this field, but also provide significant suggestions for future work.