bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostitution
Authors: Daniel-Hughes Carly 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis chapter shows how slavery informed the social realities of and rhetoric about prostitution and prostitutes, which informed the negative representation of female prostitutes in early Christian sources. Following Paul’s rhetoric, many Christians used sexual virtue to legitimatize themselves and bolster their triumphalist claims over others in the Roman Empire. To this end, they employed the degraded and debased female prostitute as a powerful symbolic figure as that which stood outside communal boundaries or as a threat that could undermine boundaries from within. In so doing, they marginalized prostitutes and enslaved persons, who could not, by virtue of their enslavement, sustain the sexual ethics that early Christians were promoting. The chapter concludes with debates about contemporary sex workers, arguing that it is critical for feminist historians to resist the rhetoric of the early Christian texts, which obscure the presence of prostitutes (and vulnerable slaves) in ancient Christ-believing communities.
“She Did That!”
Authors: Smith Shanell T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Women in the ancient world have been presented by biblical writers and understood by later interpreters as either “good” or “bad” depending on how well they followed patriarchal rule. Women who claimed their own autonomy and made decisions that benefited themselves or their loved ones, despite patriarchal hegemony, were viewed as “stepping out of their place.” However, this claiming of full personhood, of rejecting or resisting male superiority should be understood as female agency. This article examines, reimagines, and celebrates female agency in New Testament texts from a womanist perspective and encourages contemporary interpreters to do the same.
Same-Sex Relations
Authors: Dunning Benjamin H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the issue of same-sex relations and the New Testament. It begins by surveying sexual protocols in the Roman world and situating the topic in broader biblical context. It then analyzes Romans 1:18–32, focusing especially on different scholarly approaches to this vexed and difficult text. Through a critical engagement with the work of Kyle Harper, the chapter attempts to surface and consolidate a set of interrelated interpretive issues that, so it argues, must necessarily attend any exegesis of Romans 1:18–32 that seeks to interpret the text within the larger history of sexuality. These include (1) the negotiation of continuity and difference; (2) the question of Paul’s silences; (3) the role of Judaism; and 4) the problem of the active partner.
Queer Theory
Authors: Moore Stephen D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Since the 1990s, queer theory has been immensely influential in the humanities, and, to a lesser extent, in the social sciences, seeping into discipline after discipline, even disciplines as well insulated as biblical studies. Queer theory is most commonly understood to be the poststructuralist analysis of sex and sexuality, heterosexuality as well as homosexuality. But as queer theory developed, it frequently decoupled from sex and sexuality, its expanded object of analysis becoming normality as such, in its manifold manifestations. This essay begins with a detailed account of the origins of queer theory: its “precursors,” its “exemplars,” and its relations to queer activism. The essay then charts the queer turn in biblical studies, especially New Testament studies, which also began in the 1990s, and traces such work down to the present, commenting both appreciatively and critically on the various paths it has taken. The final section of the essay brings the tale of extrabiblical queer theory fully up to date and reflects on the largely untapped potential for biblical studies of its more recent developments.
Jewish Women’s Life and Practice in the World of the New Testament
Authors: Ilan Tal 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The women of the New Testament were Jewish women, and for historians of the period their mention and status in the New Testament constitutes the missing link between the way women are portrayed in the Hebrew Bible and their changed status in rabbinic literature (Mishnah and Talmud). In this chapter, I examine how they fit into the Jewish concepts of womanhood. I examine various recognized categories that are relevant for gender research such as patriarchy, public and private space, law, politics, and religion. In each case I show how these affected Jewish women, and how the picture that emerges from the New Testament fits these categories.
Adaptation in an Uncertain World—Detection and Attribution of Climate Change Trends and Extreme Possibilities
Authors: Li Xiyue , Yohe Gary 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter offers results from an artificial simulation exercise that was designed to answer three fundamental questions that lie at the heart of anticipatory adaptation. First, how can confidence in projected vulnerabilities and impacts be greater than the confidence in attributing what has heretofore been observed? Second, are there characteristics of recent historical data series that do or do not portend our achieving high confidence in attribution to climate change in support of framing adaptation decisions in an uncertain future? And finally, what can analysis of confidence in attribution tell us about ranges of “not-implausible” extreme futures vis-à-vis projections based at least implicitly on an assumption that the climate system is static? An extension of the IPCC method of assessing our confidence in attribution to anthropogenic sources of detected warming presents an answer to the first question. It is also possible to identify characteristics that support an affirmative answer to the second. Finally, this chapter offer some insight into the significance of our attribution methodology in informing attempts to frame considerations of potential extremes and how to respond.
LGBT Rights in the Former Soviet Union
Authors: Wilkinson Cai 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines how LGBT politics have evolved in Russia, Kyrgyzstan, and other countries of the former Soviet Union since 1991. Using the concept of visibility as an analytical lens, it charts the changing experiences of LGBT people and public attitudes toward homosexuality and gender identity through three distinct phases: first from erasure to invisibility in the 1990s and early 2000s, then increasing in visibility in the 2000s with the emergence of the region’s second wave of LGBT activism, and finally the current state of hypervisibility as state-sponsored political homophobia has intensified. For each stage, the main features of the configuration of a post-Soviet “regime of visibility” are outlined, charting the parallel development of activism and resistance and their interactions. The chapter concludes by considering the geotemporalities of post-Soviet LGBT politics and the insights that this region offers for both practices and understandings of global LGBT activism.
Translational Controls in Pain
Authors: Loerch Sarah , De La Peña June Bryan , Song Jane , Pancrazio Joseph J. , Price Theodore J. , Campbell Zachary T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Pain is an unpleasant but essential sensation. On a cellular level, pain typically originates in sensory neurons called nociceptors. They undergo rapid increases in cap-dependent translation in response to noxious stimuli. The specificity of translational controls in nociceptors is governed by regulatory factors and mRNAs that collaborate to ensure precise temporal and spatial regulation of protein synthesis. Multiple signaling pathways bridge extracellular cues to nascent translation, including the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the integrated stress response (ISR). The torrent of information on both mechanisms and targets of translational controls in nociceptive circuits supports an enticing corollary. Targeted inhibition of aberrant translation in the cells responsible for the genesis of pain signals in the periphery affords a new strategy to prevent or reverse chronic pain states. We describe the implications of emerging insights into translational controls predominantly in the peripheral nervous system on the search for safer and more specific pain therapeutics.
School Vouchers and Student Rights
Authors: Mead Julie F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
When the Court in Tinker v. Des Moines famously declared that students do not “shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate,” everyone understood that the gate was the entrance to a public school, funded by state tax dollars and operated by state officials. No one on the Court had yet contemplated what might happen to those students’ rights if the gate accessed a private school and public funds were used to buy that entry. Publicly funded subsidies for private education have evolved considerably since the Court heard Tinker and now parents in many states may use public funds to choose the school for their child via voucher programs, tax credit scholarship programs, and education savings accounts. But what impact does such a choice have on the rights students typically enjoy in schools? This chapter explores that question and explains that even though voucher and voucher-like programs like tax credit scholarship programs and education savings accounts are publicly funded, the rights afforded to children when they enroll in a private school through such a program do not mirror those enjoyed in public school settings. In fact, when parents exercise a voucher, they effectively trade constitutional protections for contractual obligations. That trade has significant impacts on the claims that may be brought should concern arise over issues related to students’ rights to freedom of speech, freedom of religion, or due process.
Charles Beitz, Political Theory and International Relations
Authors: Bertoldi Nancy 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Charles Beitz’s Political Theory and International Relations (PTIR) played a pioneering role for contemporary international political theory by bringing together two domains of inquiry that had proceeded largely independently from each other in the twentieth century. This chapter will assess PTIR’s contributions to international political theory and explore its continuing relevance for debates on sovereignty, human rights, and globalization in a plural world. After reviewing the ways in which PTIR shaped the evolution of both international relations theory and political theory by questioning the central assumptions of international anarchy and political autonomy and by establishing cosmopolitanism as the dominant mode of analysis for international political theory with its groundbreaking argument for a global difference principle, the chapter will conclude by identifying several productive tensions in Beitz’s work that can further enrich contemporary discussions of global justice.
Europe in the Iron Age
Authors: Haselgrove Colin , Rebay-Salisbury Katharina , Wells Peter S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter introduces the regional framework within which the archaeology of Iron Age Europe is presented in Chapters 4–17 of the book, and examines some key aspects of climate, environment, and population during the period. It outlines the main features of European physical geography—including landscapes, mountain ranges, river systems, and coastlines—discussing their roles as barriers to and facilitators of human connectivity during the Iron Age. Topography, soil types, and natural resources all had a major impact on subsistence practices and lifeways across the continent; climate changes presented specific challenges to the people at the end of the Bronze Age and in several phases during the Iron Age. Biological anthropology informs us about Iron Age health and nutrition, while isotope and DNA analyses of human remains are increasingly shedding new light on individual mobility and population histories through the period.
Stimulation
Authors: Buchtel Henry A. , Berlucchi Giovanni 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The history of brain mapping using stimulation is long and nonlinear. It started with very imprecise stimulation of the brain using electrical discharges in the early 1800s. With better control of the electrical sources and more precise application of the stimuli, the real mapping of brain functions began in the 1870s, starting with the easily observed effects of activation of neurons in the motor cortex. Work since then has shown that the cerebral mantle is highly specialized and, more interesting, that experience and practice can cause significant alterations of the organization of neurons in the cortex and subcortical structures. New techniques to alter neuronal activity are being developed each year and will certainly increase our understanding of how the brain is organized and how it can be modified.
Irish Cursing and the Art of Magic, 1750–2018*
Authors: Waters Thomas 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Fairies, leprechauns, banshees, witches, holy wells and rural remedies. Historic Ireland is famous for its superstitions, magic and ‘alternative beliefs’. Yet we should not ignore what was once the most widespread Irish magic of all: cursing. A righteous occult attack, a dark prayer for terrible pains to blight evildoers, cursing was unnervingly common from ancient times until the mid-twentieth century. This article explores its neglected modern history, since the late 1700s, by carefully scrutinizing the Irish style of cursing, relating it to wider social and economic conditions, and making comparisons with maledictions elsewhere. Irish imprecations can be analysed using familiar academic categories such as belief, ritual, symbolism, tradition and discourse. However, by repurposing an older way of thinking about magic, I argue that historic Irish cursing is best understood as an art, because it required knowledge, practice, wit, skill and composure. Intimidating, cathartic and virtuoso: cursing mingled gruesome yet poetic phrases with ostentatious rites, in the name of supernatural justice. It had many applications but was particularly valuable to Ireland’s marginalized people, fighting over food, religion, politics, land and family loyalties. Cursing rapidly faded from the mid-twentieth century and, unlike other forms of occultism, was not revived by the post 1970s ‘New Age’ movement. Its unusual history underlines three wider points: (i) magic can usefully thrive in modern societies, figuring in the most vital areas of life; (ii) different types of magic have distinct chronologies; (iii) the most psychologically powerful forms of magic are subtle arts that deserve our (begrudging) respect.
Phylogeny and revision of the Oriental leafhopper genus Amritodus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerini)
Authors: Xue Qingquan , Zhang Yalin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The phylogeny of the Oriental leafhopper genus Amritodus is reconstructed, for the first time, based on 47 discrete morphological characters and DNA sequence data from one nuclear and two mitochondrial genes. The phylogenetic results show that Amritodus is not monophyletic, and its concept is narrowed here to include four species: Amritodus atkinsoni, Amritodus brevis, Amritodus brevistylus and Amritodus saeedi. The phylogenetic results support establishment of a new genus, Paramritodus gen. nov., with three new species,Paramritodus triangulus sp. nov. (type species), Paramritodus introflexus sp. nov., Paramritodus spatiosus sp. nov. and three species previously included in Amritodus: Paramritodus pistacious comb. nov., Paramritodus flavocapitatus comb. nov. and Paramritodus podocarpus comb. nov. In addition, Amritodus flavoscutatus is transferred from Amritodus to Hyalinocerus as Hyalinocerus flavoscutatus comb. nov. Keys to species of Amritodus and Paramritodus are provided.
Modifiable and nonmodifiable factors associated with patient satisfaction in spine surgery and other orthopaedic subspecialties: A retrospective survey analysis
Authors: Steinmetz Leah , Vasquez-Montes Dennis , Johnson Bradley C. , Buckland Aaron J. , Goldstein Jeffrey A. , Bendo John A. , Errico Thomas J. , Fischer Charla R. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
The Press Ganey (PG) satisfaction survey is the most common measure to assess ambulatory patient satisfaction. Understanding how factors affecting spine patient satisfaction compare with other orthopedic subspecialties may allow for interventions to increase satisfaction. This study aimed to determine if patient satisfaction predictors differ between spine and nonspine orthopaedic subspecialties.

Methods:
PG surveys from 2013-2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Correlation analysis was performed between each survey question, and overall experience as measured by Likelihood of Recommending the provider (LTR) and Provider Rating (PR). Regression modeling was utilized to identify differences between ambulatory patients in spine and other nonspine orthopaedic subspecialties.

Results:
Overall, 16,175 orthopaedic patient surveys were analyzed, of which 1,400 surveys were from spine patients. The mean age for respondents was 55.4 yr, and 41.2% were female. Poor ratings were predicted by higher education level in both groups. Female physicians (PR OR=1.320 P=0.07, LTR OR=1.529 P=0.04) and a high school education (PR OR=1.488 P=0.05, LTR OR=1.968 P=0.01) were significant predictors of satisfaction in nonspine orthopaedic subspecialties, but not in spine patients. Provider communication, staff communication, concordant ethnicity, and age bias were predictors for PR (Spine R2=0.735, Orthopedics R2=0.665) and LTR (Spine R2:0.642, Orthopedics R2=0.599) in both groups. Provider communication was the strongest independent predictor of high satisfaction for spine (PR R2=0.728, LTR R2=0.627) and nonspine orthopaedic patients (R2=0.662, R2=0.583) followed by staff communication, ethnicity, and age.

Conclusions:
Satisfaction for both spine and nonspine orthopaedic patients is driven by provider communication, followed by staff communication, ethnicity, and age.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Femoral-side revision using dual-mobility components for failed hip resurfacing: A retrospective case series
Authors: Abdelazim Haytham , Gemeah Mostafa , Diab Ramy Ahmed 
Published: October 2019

Background:
The aim of this study was to report clinical outcomes and complications of femoral-side revision using dual-mobility components for failed hip resurfacing.

Methods:
Eighteen consecutive patients underwent revision of failed hip resurfacing for the femoral side using dual mobility components with acetabular component retention. The mean follow-up period was 18 mo.

Results:
The modified Harris Hip score, visual analog scale, and Short-Form (SF)-12 scores had all improved significantly (P<0.01, P<0.05 and P<0.05, respectively) with no evidence of loosening, dislocations, or any other complications.

Conclusions:
Femoral-side revision only using dual-mobility liners in failed hip resurfacing appears to be a simple, safe technique with high success.
Prevalence of isolated nocturnal hypertension according to 2018 European Society of Cardiology and European Society of Hypertension office blood pressure categories
Authors: Salazar Martin R. , Espeche Walter G. , Balbín Eduardo , Leiva Sisnieguez Carlos E. , Minetto Julián , Leiva Sisnieguez Betty C. , Maciel Pablo M. , Stavile Rodolfo N. , Carbajal Horacio A. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
To estimate the prevalence of isolated nocturnal hypertension (INH) and its relationships with office blood pressure (BP) categories defined by 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines.

Methods:
We conducted a prospective cohort study in consecutive patients referred to perform an ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) for diagnosis or therapeutic purposes. Office BP measurements and ABPM were performed in the same visit. The cohort was divided according to office BP in optimal, normal, high-normal and hypertension. The prevalence and adjusted risk for combined daytime and nocturnal hypertension and INH were estimated for each category.

Results:
We evaluated 1344 individuals, 59.3% women (51 ± 14 years old) and 40.7% men (52 ± 15 years old). 61.5% of the individuals had nocturnal hypertension, 12.9% INH and 48.7% combined daytime and nocturnal hypertension. Prevalence of combined daytime and nocturnal hypertension increased through office BP categories (P < 0.001). Conversely, prevalence of INH was lower in individuals with hypertension than in normotensives (7.4 vs. 17.2%, P < 0.001) and similar between nonhypertensive office BP categories, 16.6, 15 and 19.4% for optimal, normal and high-normal BP, respectively (P < 0.399). In individuals with office BP values less than 140/90 mmHg, the prevalence of masked hypertension phenotypes were 8.6, 17.2 and 30.2% for daytime, INH and combined daytime and nocturnal hypertension, respectively. Adjusted risk for combined daytime and nocturnal hypertension increased significantly through office BP categories; conversely, the risk for INH was similar in all nonhypertensive office BP categories.

Conclusion:
Nocturnal hypertension was the more prevalent phenotype of masked hypertension and more than one-third of the individuals with nocturnal hypertension had INH. The risk for INH was not related to nonhypertensive office BP categories.
Lack of a significant legacy effect of baseline blood pressure ‘treatment naivety’ on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial
Authors: Ho Chau L.B. , Breslin Monique , Chowdhury Enayet K. , Doust Jenny , Reid Christopher M. , Davis Barry R. , Simpson Lara M. , Nelson Mark R. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
To investigate legacy effects at 14-year follow-up of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in ‘treatment-naive’ or ‘previous treatment’ groups based on blood pressure (BP)-lowering treatment status at baseline.

Methods:
A post-hoc observational study of the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. We excluded participants with a previous history of CVD events. Cox proportional hazard model and 95% confidence interval were used to estimate the effects of treatment naive on mortality outcomes. Moreover, a subgroup analysis by estimated 10-year Framingham risk score was performed.

Results:
In multivariable models adjusting for baseline and in-trial characteristics (BP values and number of BP medications as time-dependent variables), there was no statistically significant difference in 5 and 14-year all-cause mortality with a hazard ratio of 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.80–1.09) and hazard ratio 0.95 (0.88–1.03) and in 5 and 14-year CVD mortality hazard ratio 0.94 (0.72–1.23) and hazard ratio 0.93 (0.80–1.08). In subgroup by absolute CVD risk, no heterogeneity of the association between treatment naive and short-term or long-term all-cause or CVD mortality were found. All comparisons are between the treatment-naive and previous treatment groups.

Conclusion:
Physicians are concerned about ‘legacy effects’ of not treating individuals with a BP of 140 mmHg or over and low absolute risk. When treatment intensification was taken into consideration in the primary prevention population in this study, no adverse legacy effect as a result of baseline BP ‘treatment naivety’ was evident in 14 years of follow-up. The nonsignificant associations were consistent across the CVD risk subgroups. However, the results may be biased due to unobserved residual confounding and therefore should be interpreted with caution.