bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimates of vital rates and predictions of population dynamics change along a long‐term monitoring program
Authors: Vincenzi Simone , Jesenšek Dušan , Crivelli Alain J. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTDespite the widespread recognition of the importance of monitoring, only a few studies have explored how estimates of vital rates and predictions of population dynamics change with additional data collected along the monitoring program. We investigate how estimates of survival and individual growth, along with predictions about future population size, change with additional years of monitoring and data collected, using as a model system freshwater populations of marble (Salmo marmoratus), rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and brown trout (Salmo truttaL.) living in Western Slovenian streams. Fish were sampled twice a year between 2004 and 2015. We found that in 3 out of 4 populations, a few years of data (3 or 4 sampling occasions, between 300 and 500 tagged individuals for survival, 100–200 for growth) provided the same estimates of average survival and growth as those obtained with data from more than 15 sampling occasions, while the estimation of the range of survival (i.e., the difference, over all sampling occasions considered, between maximum and minimum survival estimated in a sampling occasion) required more sampling occasions (up to 22 for marble trout), with little reduction of uncertainty around the point estimates. Predictions of mean density and variation in density over time did not change with more data collected after the first 5 years (i.e., 10 sampling occasions) and overall were within 10% of the observed mean and variation in density over the whole monitoring program.
Early Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Changes in Patients With Meniscal Tear and Osteoarthritis: Eighteen‐Month Data From a Randomized Controlled Trial of Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy Versus Physical Therapy
Authors: Collins Jamie E. , Losina Elena , Marx Robert G. , Guermazi Ali , Jarraya Mohamed , Jones Morgan H. , Levy Bruce A. , Mandl Lisa A. , Martin Scott D. , Wright Rick W. , Spindler Kurt P. , Katz Jeffrey N. ,   the MeTeOR Investigator Group
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThe present study was undertaken to evaluate changes in knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings over the course of 18 months in subjects with osteoarthritic change and meniscal tear treated with arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) or nonoperatively with physical therapy (PT).MethodsWe used 18‐month follow‐up data from the Meniscal Tear in Osteoarthritis Research Trial. MRI results were read with reference to the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score. We focused on 18‐month change in bone marrow lesions (BMLs), cartilage thickness, cartilage surface area, osteophyte size, effusion‐synovitis, and Hoffa‐synovitis. We used multinomial logistic regression to assess associations between MRI‐based changes in each feature and treatment type.ResultsA total of 351 subjects were randomized, and 225 had both baseline and 18‐month MRI results. In both treatment groups, patients experienced substantial changes in several MRI‐based markers. In 60% of the APM group, versus 33% of the PT group, cartilage surface area damage advanced in ≥2 subregions (adjusted odds ratio 4.2 [95% confidence interval 2.0–9.0). Patients who underwent APM also had greater advancement in scores for osteophytes and effusion‐synovitis. We did not find significant associations between treatment type and change in cartilage thickness, BMLs, or Hoffa‐synovitis.ConclusionThis cohort of patients with meniscal tear and osteoarthritis showed marked advancement in MRI‐based features over 18 months. Patients treated with APM showed more advancement in some features compared to those treated nonoperatively. The clinical relevance of these early findings is unknown and requires further study.
Low‐Invasive Cell Injection based on Rotational Microrobot
Authors: Lu Haojian , Yang Yuanyuan , Lin Xudong , Shi Peng , Shen Yajing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe advancement of cell injections has created a need for accurate, efficient, and low‐invasive injections. However, the conventional approaches to reduce cell damage during penetration, mainly optimization of micropipette tips and vision‐based automatic injections, have almost reached the limit. Here, described are the design and implementation of a robotic‐aided rotatory microinjection system to reduce cell deformation and penetration force during the injection. The homocentric rotation technology integrates an ultraprecise manipulation system with multiple degrees of freedom, which tremendously diminishes the damage to the cell. Through systematic tests on zebrafish embryo microinjection, compared with traditional straightforward cell injection techniques, the rotary cell injection approach is able to reduce the penetration deformation and force of the specimen up to 30%. This work breaks the performance limit of current microinjection techniques, and paves a new way for the development of low‐invasive cell injection systems. It is envisioned that this rotary microrobot system can excavate enormous applications in the field of biomedicine, such as artificial fertilization and gene therapy.
High‐Performance Solution‐Processed Organo‐Metal Halide Perovskite Unipolar Resistive Memory Devices in a Cross‐Bar Array Structure
Authors: Kang Keehoon , Ahn Heebeom , Song Younggul , Lee Woocheol , Kim Junwoo , Kim Youngrok , Yoo Daekyoung , Lee Takhee 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResistive random access memories can potentially open a niche area in memory technology applications by combining the advantages of the long endurance of dynamic random‐access memory and the long retention time of flash memories. Recently, resistive memory devices based on organo‐metal halide perovskite materials have demonstrated outstanding memory properties, such as a low‐voltage operation and a high ON/OFF ratio; such properties are essential requirements for low power consumption in developing practical memory devices. In this study, a nonhalide lead source is employed to deposit perovskite films via a simple single‐step spin‐coating method for fabricating unipolar resistive memory devices in a cross‐bar array architecture. These unipolar perovskite memory devices achieve a high ON/OFF ratio up to 108 with a relatively low operation voltage, a large endurance, and long retention times. The high‐yield device fabrication based on the solution‐process demonstrated here will be a step toward achieving low‐cost and high‐density practical perovskite memory devices.
Processing Halide Perovskite Materials with Semiconductor Technology
Authors: Cheng Chuantong , Zhu Cheng , Huang Beiju , Zhang Huan , Zhang Hengjie , Chen Run , Pei Weihua , Chen Qi , Chen Hongda 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSemiconductor technologies make major contributions to scientific and technological improvements, enabling high‐performance and low‐cost devices, chips, and systems. Photolithography technologies are at the heart of semiconductor technologies and are indispensable in fabricating microstructures and nanostructures. It is obvious that a new emerging material can play a greater role in economic development if it can be processed with photolithography technologies. Halide perovskites have received an enormous amount of attention, as they are useful in photonic and optoelectronic applications due to their strong optical absorption, tunable direct bandgap, and long electron–hole diffusion length. However, photolithography technologies cannot be utilized to fabricate semiconductor devices based on halide perovskite materials because water, a solvent for all halide perovskite materials, is used in the fabrication process. Here, the process compatibility between halide perovskite materials and semiconductor technology is realized with the help of parylene, a kind of polymer. A photodetector based on MAPbI3 and a memristor based on CsPbBr3 fabricated with photolithography technologies are both demonstrated successfully for the first time. This study not only paves the way toward the fabrication of halide perovskite devices with semiconductor technologies but also provides a powerful tool for the in‐depth study of halide perovskite materials.
Digital Inkjet Printing of High‐Efficiency Large‐Area Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Corzo Daniel , Almasabi Khulud , Bihar Eloise , Macphee Sky , Rosas‐Villalva Diego , Gasparini Nicola , Inal Sahika , Baran Derya 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNovel emerging materials for organic solar cells, such as nonfullerene acceptors, are paving the way for commercialization of organic photovoltaics. Their utilization in unconventional applications, such as conformable and disposable electronics, has turned the focus to inkjet printing as a fabrication method with advantages including low material usage, rapid digital design changes, and high resolution. In this work, the fabrication of efficient nonfullerene acceptor devices through inkjet printing for organic photovoltaic applications is reported for the first time. The engineering of printable poly‐3‐hexylthiophene:rhodanine‐benzothiadiazole‐coupled indacenodithiophene (P3HT:O‐IDTBR) inks is centered on tuning the rheological properties for proper droplet ejection and the selection of solvents, including hydrocarbons, that meet solubility and volatility requirements to avoid common inkjet printing complications like nozzle clogging. The optimization of printing parameters including drop spacing and deposition temperatures results in homogeneous P3HT:O‐IDTBR films with device efficiencies of up to 6.47% for small lab‐scale devices (0.1 cm2), comparable with that of spin‐coating or blade‐coating. A 2 cm2 inkjet‐printed device is also shown to achieve a remarkable efficiency of 6%. To demonstrate their potential usage in customized applications, large‐area devices are fabricated in the shape of a marine turtle with 4.76% efficiency, showcasing the versatility of the inkjet‐printing process for efficient organic photovoltaics.
Condensing Enzymes from Pseudoalteromonadaceae for Prodiginine Synthesis
Authors: Brass Hannah U. C. , Klein Andreas S. , Nyholt Silke , Classen Thomas , Pietruszka Jörg 
Published: April 2019

AbstractProdiginines are natural products that are produced by various microorganisms. As the biological activity of prodiginines varies depending on their structure, prodiginine derivatives are of interest. In order to extend the prodiginine structural diversity, new condensing enzyme homologs of PigC were analysed. The condensing enzyme PigC from S. marcescens catalyses the last step in prodiginine biosynthesis and accepts not only its natural substrate, but also synthetically produced monopyrroles. Still, the substrate spectrum of PigC is partially limited. In order to enable the biocatalytic production of new prodiginine derivatives, PigC homologs supplementing the substrate spectra of PigC are of interest. Two condensing enzymes homologs from two tambjamine producing Pseudoalteromonadaceae strains were analysed towards their catalytic ability to produce the structurally related prodiginines. Besides the investigation of their substrate spectrum and enzyme kinetic data, a preparative scale biocatalysis approach for the production of prodiginine derivatives was established, comparing different condensing enzymes.magnified image
High‐Performance Partially Printed Hybrid CMOS Inverters Based on Indium‐Zinc‐Oxide and Chirality Enriched Carbon Nanotube Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Luo Manman , Xie Huafei , Wei Miaomiao , Liang Kun , Shao Shuangshuang , Zhao Jianwen , Gao Tianqi , Mo Lixin , Chen Yuan , Chen Shujhih , Lee Chiayu , Cui Zheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractComplementary metal–oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) inverters with low power consumption and high noise immunity are essential for realizing practical applications of printed logic gates and circuits. However, the performance of existing printed CMOS inverters is still unsatisfactory because p‐type and n‐type transistors do not match well. This work demonstrates novel low‐voltage and high‐performance CMOS inverters using partially printed thin‐film transistors (TFTs) on 50 nm HfO2/Si substrates based on n‐type indium zinc oxides (IZOs) and p‐type chirality enriched (9,8) semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The high‐k dielectric materials grown using atomic layer deposition and (9,8) SWCNTs with relatively large band gaps help to match the characteristics of p‐type and n‐type transistors—the IZO and SWCNT TFTs exhibit similar mobility on/off ratio, small hysteresis, and low sub‐threshold swing at low operating voltages. The hybrid CMOS inverters demonstrate excellent performance with the highest voltage gain up to 45, the largest noise margin of 83% at 1/2 Vdd, and the lowest static power consumption of 0.4 µW at Vdd of 2 V among recently reported printed CMOS inverters under relatively low annealing temperatures (300 °C). The strategies demonstrated here can be considered as general approaches to realize a new generation of high‐performance printed logic gates and circuits.
Favorable Mixing Thermodynamics in Ternary Polymer Blends for Realizing High Efficiency Plastic Solar Cells
Authors: Gasparini Nicola , Kahmann Simon , Salvador Michael , Perea Jose Dario , Sperlich Andreas , Baumann Andreas , Li Ning , Rechberger Stefanie , Spiecker Erdmann , Dyakonov Vladimir , Portale Giuseppe , Loi Maria A. , Brabec Christoph J. , Ameri Tayebeh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTernary blends with broad spectral absorption have the potential to increase charge generation in organic solar cells but feature additional complexity due to limited intermixing and electronic mismatch. Here, a model system comprising the polymers poly[5,5‐bis(2‐butyloctyl)‐(2,2‐bithiophene)‐4,4‐dicarboxylate‐alt‐5,5‐2,2‐bithiophene] (PDCBT) and PTB7‐Th and PC70BM as an electron accepting unit is presented. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the ternary system clearly surpasses the performance of either of the binary systems. The photophysics is governed by a fast energy transfer process from PDCBT to PTB7‐Th, followed by electron transfer at the PTB7‐Th:fullerene interface. The morphological motif in the ternary blend is characterized by polymer fibers. Based on a combination of photophysical analysis, GIWAXS measurements and calculation of the intermolecular parameter, the latter indicating a very favorable molecular affinity between PDCBT and PTB7‐Th, it is proposed that an efficient charge generation mechanism is possible because PTB7‐Th predominantly orients around PDCBT filaments, allowing energy to be effectively relayed from PDCBT to PTB7‐Th. Fullerene can be replaced by a nonfullerene acceptor without sacrifices in charge generation, achieving a PCE above 11%. These results support the idea that thermodynamic mixing and energetics of the polymer–polymer interface are critical design parameter for realizing highly efficient ternary solar cells with variable electron acceptors.
Experiences of children with trisomy 18 referred to pediatric palliative care services on two continents
Authors: Mullin Jonathan , Wolfe Joanne , Bluebond‐Langner Myra , Craig Finella 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChildren with trisomy 18 that survive beyond the neonatal period have multiple congenital anomalies, neurodevelopmental disability, and high mortality rates. The experience of children with trisomy 18 who receive pediatric palliative care services is largely unknown. We conducted a retrospective review of children with trisomy 18 receiving pediatric palliative care services at both Boston Children's Hospital, USA and Great Ormond Street Hospital, UK from January 1, 2004 to January 1, 2015. Fifty‐eight children with trisomy 18 were referred to pediatric palliative care, 38 in the United Kingdom, 20 in the United States. Median age at referral was 19 days (2–89) in the United Kingdom, and 25 days (1–463) in the United States. Median length of time being followed by pediatric palliative care was 32 days (1–1,637) in the United Kingdom and 67 days (3–2,442) in the United States. The only significant difference in the two cohorts (p = .001) was in likelihood of receiving cardiac surgical intervention—37% in the United States, 0% the United Kingdom. Children with trisomy 18 receive pediatric palliative care services, with variable age at referral and for a variable length of time. Further research is needed to understand the experience of children with trisomy 18 and their families receiving pediatric palliative care services.
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Sp3/Sp2γ‐ and δ‐C‐H Functionalization of Aryl Amines using 5‐Methylisoxazole‐3‐Carboxamide as Directing Group
Authors: Singh Prabhakar , Dalal Arup , Babu Srinivasarao Arulananda 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA dual objective‐based study comprising exploration of 5‐methylisoxazole‐3‐carboxamide (MICA) as a directing group (DG) for the Pd(II)‐catalyzed sp3/sp2 γ‐ and δ‐C−H activation/functionalization of aryl amines and assembling of various MICA motifs are reported. The Pd(II)‐catalyzed MICA‐aided γ‐C(sp3)‐H arylation/acetoxylation of ortho‐toluidines gave various 2‐aminodiphenylmethanes and 2‐aminobenzyl acetates, respectively. The Pd(II)‐catalyzed MICA‐aided γ‐C(sp2)‐H arylation/acetoxylation of benzylamines gave the corresponding arylated/acetoxylated products. Furthermore, the Pd(II)‐catalyzed MICA‐aided δ‐C(sp2)‐H amidation/alkenylation of phenethylamines were also explored. Representative control reactions were done to assess the relative effectiveness of MICA for the γ‐C(sp3)‐H arylation and MICA is a removable DG. Apart from the usage of MICA as a DG for the sp2/sp3 C−H functionalization of aryl amines, indirectly this process has led to the construction of a library of MICA motifs. This is an added advantage to note as the MICA‐based motifs are valuable small molecules in medicinal chemistry.
Preparation of dispersible nanosilica surface‐capped by hexamethyl disilazane via anin situsurface‐modification method and investigation of its effects on the mechanical properties of styrene–butadiene/butadiene rubber
Authors: Zhang Chunhua , Tang Yuan , Tian Qingfeng , Xie Ximing , Xu Lin , Li Xiaohong , Ding Tao 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTSilica has been established as one of the most promising materials in green tires. The filler–rubber interactions can increase the comprehensive performance of rubber composites. In this study, sodium silicate was used as the silicon source and hexamethyl disilazane (HMDS; molecular formula: C6H19NSi2) was used as a modifier to synthesize dispersible silica (DNS) via anin situsurface‐modification method. The effects of the HMDS‐capped silica on the properties of rubber–matrix composites made of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) and high‐cis‐polybutadiene rubber (BR9000 or BR) were investigated with Zeosil 1165MP (Z1165‐MP; a commercial highly dispersible silica produced by Rhodia for the production of green tires in the rubber industry) as a reference. The results show that the SBR–BR–DNS composite was before the SBR–BR–Z1165‐MP composite in increasing the tear strength and elongation at break and reducing the compression heat buildup. On the basis of the resulting properties, the reinforcing behaviors in the rubber–matrix composites were analyzed. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47763.
Unscented Kalman filter for continuous‐time nonlinear fractional‐order systems with process and measurement noises
Authors: Gao Zhe , Liu Yunting , Yang Chao , Chen Xiaojiao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study proposes the design of unscented Kalman filter for a continuous‐time nonlinear fractional‐order system involving the process noise and the measurement noise. The nonlinear fractional‐order system is discretized to get the difference equation. According to the unscented transformation, the design method of unscented Kalman filter for a continuous‐time nonlinear fractional‐order system is provided. Compared with the extended Kalman filter, the proposed method can obtain a more accurate estimation effect. For fractional‐order systems containing non‐differentiable nonlinear functions, the method proposed in this paper is still effective. The unknown parameters are also discussed by the augmented vector method to achieve the state estimation and parameter identification. Finally, two examples are offered to verify the effectiveness of the proposed unscented Kalman filter for nonlinear fractional‐order systems.
Development of a novel, high‐throughput screening tool for efficient perfusion‐based cell culture process development
Authors: Gagliardi Thomas M. , Chelikani Rahul , Yang Yang , Tuozzolo Gioia , Yuan Hang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPerfusion technology has been successfully used for the commercial production of biotherapeutics, in particular unstable recombinant proteins, for more than a decade. However, there has been a general lack of high‐throughput cell culture tools specifically for perfusion‐based cell culture processes. Here, we have developed a high‐throughput cell retention operation for use with the ambr® 15 bioreactor system. Experiments were run in both 24 and 48 reactor configurations for comparing perfusion mimic models, media development, and clone screening. Employing offline centrifugation for cell retention and a variable volume model developed with MATLAB computational software, the established screening model has demonstrated cell culture performance, productivity, and product quality were comparable to bench scale bioreactors. The automated, single use, high‐throughput perfusion mimic is a powerful tool that enables us to have rapid and efficient process development of perfusion‐based cell culture processes.
Using adaptive magnetic resonance image‐guided radiation therapy for treatment of inoperable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Rudra Soumon , Jiang Naomi , Rosenberg Stephen A. , Olsen Jeffrey R. , Roach Michael C. , Wan Leping , Portelance Lorraine , Mellon Eric A. , Bruynzeel Anna , Lagerwaard Frank , Bassetti Michael F. , Parikh Parag J. , Lee Percy P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdaptive magnetic resonance imaging‐guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) can escalate dose to tumors while minimizing dose to normal tissue. We evaluated outcomes of inoperable pancreatic cancer patients treated using MRgRT with and without dose escalation.MethodsWe reviewed 44 patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer treated with MRgRT. Treatments included conventional fractionation, hypofractionation, and stereotactic body radiation therapy. Patients were stratified into high‐dose (biologically effective dose [BED10] >70) and standard‐dose groups (BED10 ≤70). Overall survival (OS), freedom from local failure (FFLF) and freedom from distant failure (FFDF) were evaluated using Kaplan‐Meier method. Cox regression was performed to identify predictors of OS. Acute gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity was assessed for 6 weeks after completion of RT.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 17 months. High‐dose patients (n = 24, 55%) had statistically significant improvement in 2‐year OS (49% vs 30%, P = 0.03) and trended towards significance for 2‐year FFLF (77% vs 57%, P = 0.15) compared to standard‐dose patients (n = 20, 45%). FFDF at 18 months in high‐dose vs standard‐dose groups was 24% vs 48%, respectively (P = 0.92). High‐dose radiation (HR: 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21‐0.94; P = 0.03) and duration of induction chemotherapy (HR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.72‐0.98; P = 0.03) were significantly correlated with OS on univariate analysis but neither factor was independently predictive on multivariate analysis. Grade 3+ GI toxicity occurred in three patients in the standard‐dose group and did not occur in the high‐dose group.ConclusionsPatients treated with dose‐escalated MRgRT demonstrated improved OS. Prospective evaluation of high‐dose RT regimens with standardized treatment parameters in inoperable pancreatic cancer patients is warranted.