bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re‐treatment with radium‐223: 2‐year follow‐up from an international, open‐label, phase 1/2 study in patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases
Authors: Sartor Oliver , Heinrich Daniel , Mariados Neil , Méndez Vidal Maria José , Keizman Daniel , Thellenberg Karlsson Camilla , Peer Avivit , Procopio Giuseppe , Frank Stephen J. , Pulkkanen Kalevi , Rosenbaum Eli , Severi Stefano , Trigo José , Trandafir Lucia , Wagner Volker , Li Rui , Nordquist Luke T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundRadium‐223 dichloride (radium‐223) is approved for patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), symptomatic bone metastases, and no visceral disease using a dosing regimen of 6 injections (55 kBq/kg intravenously; 1 injection every 4 weeks). Early results from international, open‐label, phase 1/2 study NCT01934790 showed that re‐treatment with radium‐223 was well tolerated with favorable effects on disease progression. Here we report safety and efficacy findings from 2‐year follow‐up of the radium‐223 re‐treatment study.MethodsPatients with CRPC and bone metastases who completed 6 initial radium‐223 injections with no disease progression in bone and later progressed were eligible for radium‐223 re‐treatment (up to 6 additional radium‐223 injections), provided that hematologic parameters were adequate and chemotherapy had not been administered after the initial course of radium‐223. Concomitant cytotoxic agents were not allowed during re‐treatment but were allowed at the investigator's discretion during follow‐up; other concomitant agents for prostate cancer (including abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide) were allowed at investigator's discretion. The primary objective was safety. Exploratory objectives included time to radiographic bone progression, radiographic progression‐free survival (rPFS), time to total alkaline phosphatase (tALP), and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) progression, overall survival (OS), time to first symptomatic skeletal event (SSE), and SSE‐free survival, all calculated from re‐treatment start. Evaluation of safety and exploratory efficacy objectives included active 2‐year follow‐up. Safety results from active follow‐up and updated efficacy are reported.ResultsOverall, 44 patients were re‐treated with radium‐223; 29 (66%) completed all 6 injections, and 34 (77%) entered 2‐year active follow‐up, during which no new safety concerns and no serious drug‐related adverse events were noted. rPFS events (progression or death) occurred in 19 (43%) of 44 patients; median rPFS was 9.9 months. Radiographic bone progression occurred in 5 (11%) of 44 patients. Median OS was 24.4 months. Median times to first SSE and SSE‐free survival were 16.7 and 12.8 months, respectively. Median time to tALP progression was not reached; median time to PSA progression was 2.2 months.ConclusionsRe‐treatment with radium‐223 in this selected patient population was well tolerated, led to minimal hematologic toxicity, and provided continued disease control in bone at 2‐year follow‐up.
Effect of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions on the potency of ß‐alanine analogs of G‐protein coupled glucagon receptor inhibitors
Authors: Venugopal Pushyaraga P. , Das Bratin K. , Soorya E. , Chakraborty Debashree 
Published: August 2019

AbstractG‐protein coupled glucagon receptors (GCGRs) play an important role in glucose homeostasis and pathophysiology of Type‐II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The allosteric pocket located at the trans‐membrane domain of GCGR consists of hydrophobic (TM5) and hydrophilic (TM7) units. Hydrophobic interactions with the amino acid residues present at TM5, found to facilitate the favorable orientation of antagonist at GCGR allosteric pocket. A statistically robust and highly predictive 3D‐QSAR model was developed using 58 β‐alanine based GCGR antagonists with significant variation in structure and potency profile. The correlation coefficient (R2) and cross‐validation coefficient (Q2) of the developed model were found to be 0.9981 and 0.8253, respectively at the PLS factor of 8. The analysis of the favorable and unfavorable contribution of different structural features on the glucagon receptor antagonists was done by 3D‐QSAR contour plots. Hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions are found to be main dominating non‐bonding interactions in docking studies. Presence of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) in the polar part and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) in the hydrophobic part of antagonists leads to favorable protein‐ligand interactions. Molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area (MM/GBSA) calculations showed that van der Waals and nonpolar solvation energy terms are crucial components for thermodynamically stable binding of the inhibitors. The binding free energy of highly potent compound was found to be −63.475 kcal/mol; whereas the least active compound exhibited binding energy of −41.097 kcal/mol. Further, five 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation (MD) simulations were done to confirm the stability of the inhibitor‐receptor complex. Outcomes of the present study can serve as the basis for designing improved GCGR antagonists.
Screening barrier plants to reduce crop attack by sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius)
Authors: Dada Taiwo E , Liu Jian , Johnson Anne C , Rehman Mudassir , Gurr Geoff M 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius) attacks stems and storage roots of sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas, and is a major pest of this globally significant crop. To minimize the immigration of weevils into sweet potato fields from nearby donor habitat, we assessed scope for a barrier plant approach. Here, we report a novel, two‐stage, multiple choice olfactometer method to screen candidate barrier plant species and a field study of the effects of shortlisted barrier plants of weevil movement and plant damage.RESULTSInitial work established that a combination of sweet potato foliage and storage root was significantly more attractive to adult C. formicarius than either tissue alone in the distal chamber of choice arms. Among 15 candidate barrier plant species in intermediate chambers in arms, spring onion, oregano, chilli, basil, sweetcorn, fennel, lime mint and lemongrass significantly reduced passage of C. formicarius. Of these, sweetcorn and lime mint significantly reduced the numbers of oviposition holes in sweet potato storage roots. A field study showed that basil and chives were effective barrier plants for reducing weevil damage to sweet potato storage roots.CONCLUSIONOur method has utility for screening additional candidate plants, and suggests that weevil dispersal and subsequent oviposition are affected by passage through some plants, suggesting scope for barrier plants to contribute to the management of this major pest. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Phosphorus mononitride: A difficult case for theory
Authors: Kupka Teobald , Leszczyńska Małgorzata , Ejsmont Krzysztof , Mnich Adrianna , Broda Małgorzata , Thangavel Karthick , Kaminský Jakub 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPhosphorus nitride (PN) is the simplest molecule formed solely by phosphorus and nitrogen. It represents an interesting model for materials, where phosphorus is directly attached to nitrogen. Nevertheless, both theoretical and experimental studies often provide an incomplete picture on the structural, electronic, and spectral properties of PN. Theoretical predictions often suffer from insufficient level of theory, incomplete basis set, or from neglecting several effects, for example, zero‐point vibrational correction (ZPVC). Therefore, we performed an extensive benchmark study on structural, electronic, and spectral properties of PN at the Hartree‐Fock, density functional theory (DFT), or even the coupled‐cluster levels. We paid special attention to the basis set effect. We tested three variants of Dunning's aug‐cc‐pVXZ basis sets with the size from double‐ζ to sextuple‐ζ, as well as Jensen's aug‐pc‐n, aug‐pcJ‐n, and aug‐pcSseg‐n basis sets, where n = 1‐4. Obtained energetics, PN distance, dipole moment, vibrational frequencies, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters were extrapolated to the complete basis set limit (CBS) using three‐ or two‐parameter formulas. The31P NMR shieldings estimated with the aug‐cc‐pVXZ and aug‐cc‐pV(X + d)Z basis sets strongly depend on the basis set size providing scattered convergence patterns toward CBS. The Hartree‐Fock self‐consistent field (HF‐SCF) NMR parameters evinced similar behavior as the coupled‐cluster data. The only smooth convergence was achieved using the aug‐cc‐pCVXZ basis sets that include core‐valence effects. The KT3 functional underestimated the phosphorus CBS shieldings by about 12 ppm compared to coupled cluster with singles and doubles (CCSD) (T). Nevertheless, KT3 unambiguously surpasses the HF‐SCF and CCSD levels that provide31P shieldings that are lower by about 150 ppm and 24 ppm compared to CCSD(T). The convergence of nitrogen shieldings was regular for all basis set hierarchies and all theoretical methods. Relativistic and vibrational effects on selected properties were also discussed.
Adaptive diagnosis and compensation for hypersonic flight vehicle with multisensor faults
Authors: Chen Fuyang , Gong Jingxiu , Li Yuqing 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis study proposes an improved adaptive fault diagnosis and compensation scheme for multisensor faults of hypersonic flight vehicles (HFVs). The faults are detected and isolated through a series of sensor output residuals and thresholds that consider observation error and disturbances. Via an adaptive augmented observer, the faults are estimated accurately and a time‐varying disturbance is handled by an additional differential part. Sensor faults are compensated on the basis of estimation results, and disturbances are considered in the fault‐tolerant control (FTC) design, thereby improving the tracking accuracy of the altitude and velocity and robustness with respect to external disturbances for HFVs. The stability of diagnosis and FTC is analyzed by Lyapunov theory. Numerical simulation results explain the validity of the proposed diagnosis and compensation methods.
Sequentially Site‐Specific Delivery of Apoptotic Protein and Tumor‐Suppressor Gene for Combination Cancer Therapy
Authors: Chen Xiaojie , Zhu Qiuwen , Xu Xiao , Shen Shiyang , Zhang Ying , Mo Ran 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNanocarrier‐mediated codelivery of multiple anticancer drugs is a potential strategy for enhanced efficacy of combination cancer treatment by unifying differential pharmacokinetic properties and maintaining an optimal ratio of drug cargoes. However, a programmable codelivery system is highly desired to deliver different therapeutics to their specific sites of action to pursue maximized combinational effect. Herein a liposome‐based nanoassembly (p53/C‐rNC/L‐FA) is developed for intracellular site‐specific delivery of an apoptotic protein cytochrome c (CytoC) and a plasmid DNA encoding tumor‐suppressing p53 protein (p53 DNA). p53/C‐rNC/L‐FA consists of an acid‐activated fusogenic liposomal membrane shell modified with folic acid (L‐FA) and a DNA/protein complex core assembled by the p53 DNA, protamine and CytoC‐encapsulated redox‐responsive nanocapsule (C‐rNC). Intratumoral and intraendosomal acidities promote membrane fusion between liposome and biomembrane, resulting in release of the encapsulated p53/C‐rNC complex into the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic reduction causes degradation of C‐rNC with release of CytoC that induces tumor cell apoptosis. The p53 DNA is transported into the nucleus by the aid of the cationic protamine and thus generates expression of the p53 protein that enhances apoptosis combined with CytoC. p53/C‐rNC/L‐FA is demonstrated to significantly induce tumor cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth in the orthotopic breast tumor mouse model.
Size‐Dependent Phase Transformation of Noble Metal Nanomaterials
Authors: Saleem Faisal , Cui Xiaoya , Zhang Zhicheng , Liu Zhongqiang , Dong Jichen , Chen Bo , Chen Ye , Cheng Hongfei , Zhang Xiao , Ding Feng , Zhang Hua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs an important aspect of crystal phase engineering, controlled crystal phase transformation of noble metal nanomaterials has emerged as an effective strategy to explore novel crystal phases of nanomaterials. In particular, it is of significant importance to observe the transformation pathway and reveal the transformation mechanism in situ. Here, the phase transformation behavior of face‐centered cubic (fcc) Au nanoparticles (fcc‐AuNPs), adhering to the surface of 4H nanodomains in 4H/fcc Au nanorods, referred to as 4H‐AuNDs, during in situ transmission electron microscopy imaging is systematically studied. It is found that the phase transformation is dependent on the ratio of the size of the monocrystalline nanoparticle (NP) to the diameter of 4H‐AuND. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation and theoretical modeling are used to explain the experimental results, giving a size‐dependent phase transformation diagram which provides a general guidance to predict the phase transformation pathway between fcc and 4H Au nanomaterials. Impressively, this method is general, which is used to study the phase transformation of other metal NPs, such as Pd, Ag, and PtPdAg, adhering to 4H‐AuNDs. The work opens an avenue for selective phase engineering of nanomaterials which may possess unique physicochemical properties and promising applications.
Rheological characterization of self‐compacting concrete: New recommendation
Authors: Benaicha Mouhcine , Belcaid Aicha , Alaoui Adil H. , Jalbaud Olivier , Burtschell Yves 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe most commonly used test to characterize the fluidity of self‐compacting concretes (SCC) is the Abrams cone spreading. However, this later, according to many scientific studies, contains some defects depending on the operator and the analysis of the found results. Further, the use of a concrete rheometer on building site is a very complex operation. In this regard, our laboratory has developed another practical, simple, and economical test able to measure, on building site, the plastic viscosity and the yield stress of the SCC. This is a “V‐Funnel coupled to a horizontal Plexiglas channel” test. The experimental results of our study show that the proposed tool can replace the LCPC‐box test, the concrete rheometer and other empirical tests recommended by the European standards.
Recent Advances in Facile Liquid Phase Epoxidation of Light Olefins over Heterogeneous Molybdenum Catalysts
Authors: Yan Wenjuan , Liu Mengyuan , Wang Jinyao , Shen Jian , Zhang Shuxia , Xu Xiaoqiang , Wang Shuaishuai , Ding Jie , Jin Xin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMolybdenum complexes are versatile and efficient for liquid phase olefin epoxidation reactions. Rational design of catalysts is critical to achieve high atom efficiency during epoxidation processes. Although liquid phase epoxidation has been a popular topic for decades, three key issues, (a) rational control of morphology of molybdenum nanoparticles, (b) manipulating metal‐support interaction and (c) altering electronic configuration at molybdenum center remains unsolved in this area. Therefore, in this paper, we have critically revised recent research progress on heterogeneous molybdenum catalysts for facile liquid phase olefin epoxidation in terms of catalyst synthesis, surface characterization, catalytic performance and structure‐function relationship. Furthermore, plausible reaction mechanisms will be systematically discussed with the aim to provide insights into fundamental understanding on novel epoxidation chemistry.
Experimental assessment of capacities for cumulative culture: Review and evaluation of methods
Authors: Caldwell Christine A. , Atkinson Mark , Blakey Kirsten H. , Dunstone Juliet , Kean Donna , Mackintosh Gemma , Renner Elizabeth , Wilks Charlotte E. H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the current literature, there are few experimental tests of capacities for cumulative cultural evolution in nonhuman species. There are even fewer examples of such tests in young children. This limited evidence is noteworthy given widespread interest in the apparent distinctiveness of human cumulative culture, and the potentially significant theoretical implications of identifying related capacities in nonhumans or very young children. We evaluate experimental methods upon which claims of capacities for cumulative culture, or lack thereof, have been based. Although some of the established methods (those simulating generational succession) have the potential to identify positive evidence that fulfills widely accepted definitions of cumulative culture, the implementation of these methods entails significant logistical challenges. This is particularly true for testing populations that are difficult to access in large numbers, or those not amenable to experimental control. This presents problems for generating evidence that would be sufficient to support claims of capacities for cumulative culture, and these problems are magnified for establishing convincing negative evidence. We discuss alternative approaches to assessing capacities for cumulative culture, which circumvent logistical problems associated with experimental designs involving chains of learners. By inferring the outcome of repeated transmission from the input–output response patterns of individual subjects, sample size requirements can be massively reduced. Such methods could facilitate comparisons between populations, for example, different species, or children of a range of ages. We also detail limitations and challenges of this alternative approach, and discuss potential avenues for future research.This article is categorized under:
Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition
Cognitive Biology > Cognitive Development
Psychology > Comparative Psychology
Geometry and BMS Lie algebras of spatially isotropic homogeneous spacetimes
Authors: Figueroa-O’Farrill José , Grassie Ross , Prohazka Stefan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSimply-connected homogeneous spacetimes for kinematical and aristotelian Lie algebras (with space isotropy) have recently been classified in all dimensions. In this paper, we continue the study of these “maximally symmetric” spacetimes by investigating their local geometry. For each such spacetime and relative to exponential coordinates, we calculate the (infinitesimal) action of the kinematical symmetries, paying particular attention to the action of the boosts, showing in almost all cases that they act with generic non-compact orbits. We also calculate the soldering form, the associated vielbein and any invariant aristotelian, galilean or carrollian structures. The (conformal) symmetries of the galilean and carrollian structures we determine are typically infinite-dimensional and reminiscent of BMS Lie algebras. We also determine the space of invariant affine connections on each homogeneous spacetime and work out their torsion and curvature.
The Association Between Internet Gaming Disorder and Impulsivity: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Şalvarlı Şerife İnci , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResearch examining Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has increased substantially over the past decade. One of the risk factors for IGD includes poor impulse control. The present study comprises the first ever systematic review of studies examining the relationship between IGD and impusivity utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was conducted via EBSCO (which included the following academic databases: Academic Search Complete, PsycARTICLES, and PsycINFO), PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library. The inclusion criteria were (i) publication date between 2000 and 2019, (ii) being an empirical study that collected primary data, (iii) written in English and Turkish languages (the two languages spoken by the authors), (iv) published in a scholarly peer-reviewed journal, and (v) conducted an objective assessment of both IGD and impulsivity. Following these procedures, 33 eligible empirical studies remained for evaluation in the present review comprising 18,128 participants in total. Results demonstrated that despite many methodological weaknesses, 32 studies reported a positive association between impulsivity and IGD. Possible explanations for this consistent finding appear to indicate that altered neurobiological structures detected in participants with impulsivity may explain some of the relationships between impulsivity and internet gaming disorder.
Powerful Substances Because of Powerless Powers
Authors: KUYKENDALL DAVIS 
Published: August 2019

AbstractI argue that the debate between proponents of substance causation and proponents of causation by powers, as to whether substances or their powers are causes, hinges on whether or not powers (as properties) are self-exemplifying or non-self-exemplifying properties. Substance causation is committed to powers being non-self-exemplifying properties while causation by powers is committed to powers being self-exemplifying properties. I then argue that powers are non-self-exemplifying properties, in support of substance causation.
Coping With a Mass Casualty: Insights into a Hospital’s Emergency Response and Adaptations After the Formosa Fun Coast Dust Explosion
Authors: Chuang Sheuwen , Woods David D. , Ting Hsien-Wei , Cook Richard I. , Hsu Jiin-Chyr 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:The study provides a comprehensive insight into how an initial receiving hospital without adequate capacity adapted to coping with a mass casualty incident after the Formosa Fun Coast Dust Explosion (FFCDE).Methods:Data collection was via in-depth interviews with 11 key participants. This was combined with information from medical records of FFCDE patients and admission logs from the emergency department (ED) to build a detailed timeline of patients flow and ED workload changes. Process tracing analysis focused on how the ED and other units adapted to coping with the difficulties created by the patient surge.Results:The hospital treated 30 victims with 36.3% average total body surface area burn for over 5 hours alongside 35 non-FFCDE patients. Overwhelming demand resulted in the saturation of ED space and intensive care unit beds, exhaustion of critical materials, and near-saturation of clinicians. The hospital reconfigured human and physical resources differently from conventional drills. Graphical timelines illustrate anticipatory or reactive adaptations. The hospital’s ability to adapt was based on anticipation during uncertainty and coordination across roles and units to keep pace with varying demands.Conclusion:Adapting to beyond-surge capacity incident is essential to effective disaster response. Building organizational support for effective adaptation is critical for disaster planning.