bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Worlds of last-resort safety nets? A proposed typology of minimum income schemes in Europe
Authors: Natili Marcello 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTOver the past twenty years, minimum income schemes (MIS) have undergone major transformations in their functions and role. From mainly residual instruments that aimed to guarantee minimum income support and to prevent extreme marginality, in most countries they now have an ambiguous function of providing income support and favouring social and labour market inclusion. Against this background, this article provides an analytical grid that allows describing the different features of last-resort safety nets across Europe, building on the definition of key main dimensions of variation of MISs in Europe – generosity, eligibility and conditionality requirements, institutional configuration, active inclusion profiles. Then, it introduces a new typology of MIS in Europe, building on a new dataset with data on expenditures and coverage collected from National Statistical Offices.
The Effect of Temperature on Structural and optical properties of Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Kareem Jassem Esraa , Mustafa Abdul Majeed Aseel , Mossa Umran Nibras 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Manganse Oxide nanoparticles from different phase have been prepared by simple chemical method with different temperature. The cubic MnO nanoparticles synthesis from 600°C and transformation to tetragonal MnO2nanopaticles and transformation at 800°C to cubic Mn2O3 nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction and FTIR and UV-Visible have been investigated and crystallite size was calculated using Debye-Scherers equation and it is found to be around (23.4-25.66)nm
DOA-estimation methods with superresolution comparison depending on directivity factor of directive elements of conformal and planar antenna arrays on azimuth-elevation planes
Authors: Aalmuttar Atheer Y.O. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Direction finding is widely spread and highly researching area. There are lots of methods to estimate spatial positions of radio sources. It is well known that maximum likelihood estimation method gives the highest accuracy and is capable of reaching Cramer-Rao bound. The main task of the paper is to research of direction-of-arrival estimation methods with super resolution such as MUSIC, Capon etc. Also the methods are not researched deeply for 2D (azimuth and elevation planes) scenarios via conformal and planar antenna arrays with directive elements. The root mean square error (RMSE) rate of estimates by the methods with super resolution such as MUSIC, Capon etc. in azimuth-evaluation cases are calculated via simulation depending on directivity ratio of elements as well as the probability of resolution and spatial spectrum bias. Additionally, the values are estimated in various noise environments and for various geometries of antenna arrays. Some features of functioning MUSIC direction-finding method for azimuth and elevation estimation as a part of the conformal and planar with directive elements are determined. One of the most dangerous features is false peaks which prevent exact spatial coordinate estimation and the processing speed of each method under consideration.
Effect of the Applied Pressure on the Essential Characteristics of Sodium Starch Glycolate Tablets
Authors: Mousa Al-Ibraheemi Zahraa A. , Basim Mahdi Ali , Taip F. S. , Anuar M. S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Immediate onset of action in a lot of cases is extensively used than ordinary therapy, however; produce tablets with acceptable features as tensile strength, suitable with acceptable industrial limits, reduced ordered unit segregation tendency, and rapidly or appropriate disintegration time, is a classic problem. Use disintegrant is considered one of corner stone to achieve pharmaceutical tablets that meet requirements of recommended tablet formulation in the markets. Sodium Starch Glycolate as an elastic material (super disintegrant) is the component of compacted tablets by direct compression in current work. Uniaxial compaction process was implemented by utilizing a universal testing machine. The tablets were compacted under applied load ranging from 75 to 375 MPa. A 13 mm diameter cylindrical die was used to characterize the compression behaviour of the 1.0 ± 0.01 g of material. Number of the evidences from this study is, the tabletted powder characteristics and the volume-pressure measurements relationship were investigated. The recommended tablet formulations were evaluated by using elastic relaxation, indirect tensile strength, friability, and disintegration tests.
Applying load higher than 150 Mpa produces compacts with a longer disintegration time, low elastic relaxation, in addition to tensile strength and friability percentage identical to recommended tablets formulation in the markets.
Synthesis of a Novel 4,4’-[1,4-phenylenebis(1,3,4-thiadiazole-5,2-diyl)] bis(azaneylylidene) bis(methaneylylidene) diphenol and Determination of Its pharmacological and antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Saeed Ban M.S. , Al-jadaan Shaker A.N. , Abbas Basil A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Cytotoxic activity, median lethal dose (LD50) and the biological activity of new Schiff base compound was determined at 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/ml against four types of bacteria i.e. Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Slmonella sp. and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 2,5,4,5 mg/ml for Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Slmonella sp. respectively. Median lethal dose (LD50) and cytotoxic activity were also investigated. The results showed that this compound did not affect the red blood until the concentration reach 100mg/ml or above. The LD50 for the compound is 0.28278 gm/kg bw.
Water Desalination Using a New Humidification-Dehumidification (HDH) Technology
Authors: Fares Mohamad N. , Al-Mayyahi Mohammad A. , Rida Mustafa M. , Najim Saleh E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The high global population rate has driven the demand for fresh water to increase rapidly. However, the scarcity of fresh water is creating an escalating pressure on the global community to find other alternative water resources such as wastewater reuse and desalination. Desalination is an effective technique for providing fresh water supply. However, most of current desalination technologies consume large amount of energy. Hence, the cost of fresh water produced is strongly depends on the cost of energy used in the desalination processes. For this purpose, a new water desalination system has been developed through theintegration of a thermal pump system, wetting technology and dehumidification. Power consumption in water desalination has been reduced by controlling water and air flow rates in the new system. The results showed that 1.71 kg/h of fresh water could be produced using only 0.726 kWh which is an important achievement in reducing the energy consumed in the water desalination in small capacity units.
Motivational efficacy of lasers on marrow haemopoetic cells
Authors: Ali Kasim O. H. , Ihsan  , Rostum F. , Al-Idani Mohammed S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Lasers has been proved to increase tissue oxygenation, activate marrow progenitor cells, expanse the microcirculation, accelerate the restoration of functions, stimulate adaptation ability and stabilization of the hormonal status. The semisolid tissue present in the epiphysis of the bone where it’s structure is spongy or cancellous is bone marrow and it formed about 4% of body weight, the marrow is composed of hemopoietic cells, however, the structure of the marrow is of both cellular and non – cellular components. The hemopoietic stem cells are responsible of producing white blood cells, red corpuscles, platelets in addition to the fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts, the current study aimed to detect the effects of lasers on the bone marrow. Twenty four adult New Zealand male rabbits were used in the study, they were divided into two groups with twelve rabbits each; the first group was treated with He-Ne laser for ten days. the second group was treated with diode laser for ten days. Three rabbits from each group underwent bone marrow aspiration to detect the marrow status assessed by special laboratory investigation at the days “1, 7, 14 & 21 “using “18-ga “gauge needle introduced to the marrow cavity through a small hall done in the trochanteric fossa. Samples collected from animals of different groups examined haematollogically using Wright’s stain. Results of the hematological examinations revealed that low level laser application stimulates the bone marrow and induce the infiltration of the tissues with high numbers of blood cells which were formed by increase mitosis and haemopoiesis to great levels. Conclusions can be done that the irradiation of the marrow with the lasers regardless it’s kind was very efficient to make the marrow of the adult rabbits which tend to be yellow in nature motivated and restore it’s capability of producing of the hemopoietic stem cells and mature blood cells
Dressing of superconducting qubits by their interaction with a low frequency photon reservoir
Authors: Gainutdinov R Kh , Nabieva L J , Garifullin A I , Mutygullina A A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Dressing of states of superconducting qubits by their interaction with low frequency photons is investigated. We show that the derivative of the self-energy function of a qubits state at its eigenenergy is equal to the total probability to find the system in the virtual states where the reservoir degrees of freedom manifest themselves explicitly. This parameter determines the strongness of the qubit-reservoir interaction. The results of calculations of the self-energy function show that contributions to the dressed states of qubits can be very significant.
Fundamentals of the theory of self-injection locking of multi-frequency laser diode to high-Q optical microresonator
Authors: Galiev R. R. , Kondratiev N. M. , Lobanov V. E. , Bilenko I. A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this work we present a theoretical model describing a phenomenon of self-injection locking of multi-frequency laser to high-Q optical microresonator. Such process allows high-power single-frequency emission with sub-kHz linewidth from the compact multi-frequency diode laser. Elaborated theory takes into account fast optical feedback due to the Rayleigh scattering, mode competition effect and Bogatov asymmetric mode interaction.
Nanoscale probing a glass transition temperature of heterogeneous azo-polymers using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Skvortsova T A , Chernykh E A , Saparina S V , Bikmeeva K R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Azo-polymer materials found diverse applications in many interdisciplinary areas, including frequency conversion, surface relief grating and others. In such devices, stratified polymer systems are often used, in which each layer ranges from 5 nm to 100 nm in thickness. One of the key characteristics of the polymer is the glass transition temperature Tg, which indicates the thermal stability of polymer, depending on its thickness and environment. The method for determining Tg that used in this work is based on recording the dependence of the oscillation phase of an atomic-force microscope probe on the sample temperature. To study the possibility of determining the local Tg, a cross section of a multilayer polymer system, polyethylene/polyamide with the layer thicknesses of 50-100 nm, is used. Tg is measured by a change in the phase of oscillation of the cantilever, which is caused by the loss of energy of the cantilever due to the change in Gibbs energy of the polymer during the thermal expansion. It was possible to measure the local temperature within the glass transition points of the sample and for chemical identification methods used different areas of enhanced optical microscopy (nano - Raman and nano-IR).
BLANT—fast graphlet sampling tool
Authors: Maharaj Sridevi , Tracy Brennan , Hayes Wayne B 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Summary
BLAST creates local sequence alignments by first building a database of small k-letter sub-sequences called k-mers. Identical k-mers from different regions provide ‘seeds’ for longer local alignments. This seed-and-extend heuristic makes BLAST extremely fast and has led to its almost exclusive use despite the existence of more accurate, but slower, algorithms. In this paper, we introduce the Basic Local Alignment for Networks Tool (BLANT). BLANT is the analog of BLAST, but for networks: given an input graph, it samples small, induced, k-node sub-graphs called k-graphlets. Graphlets have been used to classify networks, quantify structure, align networks both locally and globally, identify topology-function relationships and build taxonomic trees without the use of sequences. Given an input network, BLANT produces millions of graphlet samples in seconds—orders of magnitude faster than existing methods. BLANT offers sampled graphlets in various forms: distributions of graphlets or their orbits; graphlet degree or graphlet orbit degree vectors, the latter being compatible with ORCA; or an index to be used as the basis for seed-and-extend local alignments. We demonstrate BLANT’s usefelness by using its indexing mode to find functional similarity between yeast and human PPI networks.

Availability and implementation
BLANT is written in C and is available at https://github.com/waynebhayes/BLANT/releases.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Carbon monoxide released by CORM-A1 prevents yeast cell death via autophagy stimulation
Authors: Figueiredo-Pereira Cláudia , Menezes Regina , Ferreira Sofia , Santos Cláudia N , Vieira Helena L A 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Autophagy is an autodigestive process, promoting cytoprotection by the elimination of dysfunctional organelles, misfolded proteins and toxic aggregates. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenous gasotransmitter that under low concentrations prevents cell death and inflammation. For the first time, the role of autophagy in CO-mediated cytoprotection against oxidative stress was evaluated in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The boron-based CO-releasing molecule, CORM-A1, was used to deliver CO. CORM-A1 partially prevented oxidative stress-induced cell death in yeast. Likewise, CORM-A1 activated autophagy under basal physiological conditions, which were assessed by autophagic flux and the expression of mCherry-Atg8 or GFP-Atg8. Inhibition of autophagy by knocking out key autophagic genes in yeast (ATG8 or ATG11) blocked CORM-A1 cytoprotective effect, indicating the critical role of autophagy in CO-induced cytoprotection. The CO-mediated cytoprotection via autophagy induction observed in yeast was validated in primary cultures of astrocytes, a well-characterized model for CO's cytoprotective functions. As in yeast, CORM-A1 prevented oxidative stress-induced cell death in an autophagy-dependent manner in astrocytes. Overall, our data support the cytoprotective action of CO against oxidative stress. CO promotes cytoprotection in yeast via autophagy, opening new possibilities for the study of molecular mechanisms of CO's biological functions using this powerful eukaryotic model.
A Three-Sample Test for Introgression
Authors: Hahn Matthew W , Hibbins Mark S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Many methods exist for detecting introgression between nonsister species, but the most commonly used require either a single sequence from four or more taxa or multiple sequences from each of three taxa. Here, we present a test for introgression that uses only a single sequence from three taxa. This test, denoted D3, uses similar logic as the standard D-test for introgression, but by using pairwise distances instead of site patterns it is able to detect the same signal of introgression with fewer species. We use simulations to show that D3 has statistical power almost equal to D, demonstrating its use on a data set of wild bananas (Musa). The new test is easy to apply and easy to interpret, and should find wide use among currently available data sets.
Comparison of machine perfusion versus cold storage in kidney transplant recipients from expanded criteria donors: a cohort-based study
Authors: Foucher Yohann , Fournier Marie-Cécile , Legendre Christophe , Morelon Emmanuel , Buron Fanny , Girerd Sophie , Ladrière Marc , Mourad Georges , Garrigue Valérie , Glotz Denis , Lefaucheur Carmen , Cassuto Elisabeth , Albano Laetitia , Giral Magali , Dantal Jacques ,   for the DIVAT Consortium, Hériot Lyon E , Badet Lionel , Maria Brunet F B , Cahen Rémi , Daoud Sameh , Fournie Coralie , Grégoire Arnaud , Koenig Alice , Charlène Lévi E M , Pouteil-Noble Claire , Rimmelé Thomas , Thaunat Olivier , Sylvie Delmas V G , Le Quintrec Moglie , Pernin Vincent , Serre Jean-Emmanuel , Eschwege Pascal , Luc Frimat S G , Jacques Hubert M L , Laurain Emmanuelle , Leblanc Louis , Lecoanet Pierre , Lemelle Jean-Louis , Blancho Gilles , Branchereau Julien , Cantarovich Diego , Agnès Chapelet J D , Deltombe Clément , Figueres Lucile , Claire Garandeau M G , Gourraud-Vercel Caroline , Hourmant Maryvonne , Karam Georges , Kerleau Clarisse , Meurette Aurélie , Ville Simon , Kandell Christine , Moreau Anne , Renaudin Karine , Cesbron Anne , Delbos Florent , Walencik Alexandre , Devis Anne , Laeticia Albano E C , Amrouche Lucile , Anglicheau Dany , Aubert Olivier , Lynda Bererhi C L , Loupy Alexandre , Martinez Frank , Sberro-Soussan Rébecca , Scemla Anne , Tinel Claire , Zuber Julien 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundMost studies comparing the efficacy of hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) versus static cold storage (SCS) are based on short-term outcomes. We aimed to better evaluate the mid-term impact of HMP in patients receiving expanded criteria donor (ECD) kidneys.MethodsThe analyses were based on the French Données Informatisées et VAlidées en Transplantation (DIVAT) observational cohort. Patients aged ≥45 years transplanted for the first or second times from an ECD donor since 2010 were studied. Our study reported the graft and/or patient survivals and the incidence of acute rejection episode. The Cox models and the Kaplan–Meier estimators, weighted on the propensity score, were used to study the times-to-events.ResultsAmong the 2019 included patients, 1073 were in the SCS group versus 946 in the HMP group. The mean life expectancy with functioning graft was 5.7 years [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.4–6.1] for the HMP cohort followed-up for 8 years post-transplantation versus 6.0 years (95% CI 5.7–6.2) for the SCS group. These mid-term results were comparable in the patients receiving grafts from donors aged ≥70 years and in the transplantations with cold ischaemia time ≥18 h.ConclusionsOur study challenges the utility of using HMP to improve mid-term patient and graft survival. Nevertheless, the improvement of the short-term outcomes is indisputable. It is necessary to continue technological innovations to obtain long-term results.
Diagnosis of CO2 dynamics and fluxes in global coastal oceans
Authors: Cao Zhimian , Yang Wei , Zhao Yangyang , Guo Xianghui , Yin Zhiqiang , Du Chuanjun , Zhao Huade , Dai Minhan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGlobal coastal oceans as a whole represent an important carbon sink but, due to high spatial–temporal variability, a mechanistic conceptualization of the coastal carbon cycle is still under development, hindering the modelling and inclusion of coastal carbon in Earth System Models. Although temperature is considered an important control of sea surface pCO2, we show that the latitudinal distribution of global coastal surface pCO2 does not match that of temperature, and its inter-seasonal changes are substantially regulated by non-thermal factors such as water mass mixing and net primary production. These processes operate in both ocean-dominated and river-dominated margins, with carbon and nutrients sourced from the open ocean and land, respectively. These can be conceptualized by a semi-analytical framework that assesses the consumption of dissolved inorganic carbon relative to nutrients, to determine how a coastal system is a CO2 source or sink. The framework also finds utility in accounting for additional nutrients in organic forms and testing hypotheses such as using Redfield stoichiometry, and is therefore an essential step toward comprehensively understanding and modelling the role of the coastal ocean in the global carbon cycle.
Learners and Luddites in the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Martinelli Susan M. , Isaak Robert S. , Schell Randall M. , Mitchell John D. , McEvoy Matthew D. , Chen Fei 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Anesthesiologists are both teachers and learners and alternate between these roles throughout their careers. However, few anesthesiologists have formal training in the methodologies and theories of education. Many anesthesiology educators often teach as they were taught and may not be taking advantage of current evidence in education to guide and optimize the way they teach and learn. This review describes the most up-to-date evidence in education for teaching knowledge, procedural skills, and professionalism. Methods such as active learning, spaced learning, interleaving, retrieval practice, e-learning, experiential learning, and the use of cognitive aids will be described. We made an effort to illustrate the best available evidence supporting educational practices while recognizing the inherent challenges in medical education research. Similar to implementing evidence in clinical practice in an attempt to improve patient outcomes, implementing an evidence-based approach to anesthesiology education may improve learning outcomes.
Outcomes of Sympathetic Blocks in the Management of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: Cheng Jianguo , Salmasi Vafi , You Jing , Grille Michael , Yang Dongsheng , Mascha Edward J. , Cheng Olivia T. , Zhao Feng , Rosenquist Richard W. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Sympathetic dysfunction may be present in complex regional pain syndrome, and sympathetic blocks are routinely performed in practice. To investigate the therapeutic and predictive values of sympathetic blocks, the authors test the hypotheses that sympathetic blocks provide analgesic effects that may be associated with the temperature differences between the two extremities before and after the blocks and that the effects of sympathetic blocks may predict the success (defined as achieving more than 50% pain reduction) of spinal cord stimulation trials.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective study of 318 patients who underwent sympathetic blocks in a major academic center (2009 to 2016) to assess the association between pain reduction and preprocedure temperature difference between the involved and contralateral limbs. The primary outcome was pain improvement by more than 50%, and the secondary outcome was duration of more than 50% pain reduction per patient report. The authors assessed the association between pain reduction and the success rate of spinal cord stimulation trials.

Results
Among the 318 patients, 255 were diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome and others with various sympathetically related disorders. Successful pain reduction (more than 50%) was observed in 155 patients with complex regional pain syndrome (155 of 255, 61%). The majority of patients (132 of 155, 85%) experienced more than 50% pain relief for 1 to 4 weeks or longer. The degree and duration of pain relief were not associated with preprocedure temperature parameters with estimated odds ratio of 1.03 (97.5% CI, 0.95–1.11) or 1.01 (97.5% CI, 0.96–1.06) for one degree decrease (P = 0.459 or 0.809). There was no difference in the success rate of spinal cord stimulation trials between patients with or without more than 50% pain relief after sympathetic blocks (35 of 40, 88% vs. 26 of 29, 90%, P > 0.990).

Conclusions
The authors conclude that sympathetic blocks may be therapeutic in patients with complex regional pain syndrome regardless of preprocedure limb temperatures. The effects of sympathetic blocks do not predict the success of spinal cord stimulation.