bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
87Sr/86Sr record from the Lower Cretaceous pelagic Maiolica limestone (Central Apennines, Italy) and its offset from the global seawater reference curve
Authors: Belza* J. , Alvarez W. , Vanhaecke F. , Claeys P. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
This study provides a composite record of 87Sr/86Sr, δ18O, and δ13C for three sections in the Tethyan Lower Cretaceous Maiolica formation, a pelagic limestone from the Umbria-Marche Apennines of Italy, carefully tied to a magnetostratigraphically and biostratigraphically calibrated time scale. Although the 87Sr/86Sr record accurately follows the trend of the global marine 87Sr/86Sr reference curve, individual Sr isotope ratio values are relatively high for their inferred stratigraphic position, with all 87Sr/86Sr ratios yielding a fairly uniform +0.00007 to +0.0001 discrepancy. This offset likely results from incorporation of excess 87Sr through isotopic reequilibration with interstitial pore waters during progressive lithification of the calcareous ooze. Although the process occurs principally through dissolution-reprecipitation, buffering the contemporaneous seawater Sr isotopic signature, diffusive communication with the overlying water column and porous sediments will compete with the dissolution-precipitation process, homogenizing pore-fluid concentrations and isotope ratios throughout the sediment column. Because the secular trend in 87Sr/86Sr throughout the Maiolica time frame is one of constant increase before rebounding to lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the Barremian, the ratios of the Maiolica carbonates are systematically displaced from that of the seawater in which they were deposited toward more radiogenic (higher 87Sr/86Sr) values. In addition, the carbon and oxygen isotope record of the Maiolica limestone allows identification of the mid-Valanginian Weissert event, characterized by a positive excursion in the δ13C and the δ18O records. Furthermore, the Weissert event correlates with a positive spike (+0.0001) in 87Sr/86Sr. Both the Sr and O isotopic peak signals predate the maximum peak in the δ13C excursion. This is likely a diagenetic artifact and may support the hypothesis of diffusive communication during lithification of the calcareous ooze.
The role of structural inheritance in the evolution of fold-and-thrust belts: Insights from the Umbria-Marche Apennines, Italy
Authors: Tavarnelli* Enrico , Scisciani Vittorio , Patruno Stefano , Calamita Fernando , Pace Paolo , Iacopini David 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The Umbria-Marche Apennine range, part of the Northern Apennines of Italy, is a classic example of a fold-and-thrust belt developed at the expense of a formerly rifted, passive continental margin that experienced various degrees of postorogenic extension and/or collapse. This setting comprises the outer zones of the Northern Apennines, a collisional orogen, and their adjacent Adriatic foreland domain, where the effects of superposed deformations are mild to very mild, making it possible to recognize and separate structures produced at different times and to correctly establish their relative chronology and time-space relationships. In this paper, we integrated subsurface data (seismic reflection profiles and well logs) and surface structural field evidence with the aim to reconstruct and refine the structural evolution of these two provinces, the Umbria-Marche Apennine range and adjacent Adriatic foreland, which were subject to repeated pulses of alternating extension and compression. The main outcome of this investigation is that the tectonic evolution of the study area may be effectively described in terms of a deformation history characterized by structural inheritance, where structures emanating from the basement and developed during the pre-orogenic rifting stage were effective in controlling stress localization along faults affecting younger sedimentary cover rocks during the subsequent orogenic and postorogenic events.
Positive Ir anomaly at 6.19 m, Massignano, Italy: Most likely not from the Chesapeake Bay impact
Authors: Glass* B.P. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Two late Eocene impact spherule layers are known: the North America microtektite layer (from the Chesapeake Bay crater) and the slightly older clinopyroxene (cpx) spherule layer (from Popigai crater). Positive Ir anomalies occur at 5.61 m and 6.19 m above the base of a late Eocene section at Massignano, Italy. The age difference between the two anomalies is ~65 ± 20 k.y. The older Ir anomaly at 5.61 m appears to be associated with the cpx spherule layer. Although no impact spherules or shocked-mineral grains have been found associated with the upper Ir anomaly at 6.19 m, it has been proposed that it may be from the Chesapeake Bay impact. Comparison with other distal ejecta layers suggests that microtektites, but not shocked-mineral grains, from the Chesapeake Bay crater could have been thrown as far as Massignano. However, their absence neither supports nor disproves the hypothesis that the Ir anomaly at 6.19 m is from the Chesapeake Bay impact. On the other hand, the North American microtektite layer is not associated with an Ir anomaly. Furthermore, the average age difference between the cpx spherule layer and the North American microtektite layer appears to be ~18 ± 11 k.y., which is nearly one quarter the age difference between the two Ir anomalies at Massignano. This indicates that the Ir anomaly at 6.19 m is too young to be from the Chesapeake Bay impact, and thus is most likely not from the Chesapeake Bay impact.
Implications for central Italy paleoclimate from 95,000 yr B.P. until the early Holocene as evident from Frasassi Cave speleothems
Authors: Kudielka Gerhard , Bar-Matthews Miryam , Gilmour Mabs , Ayalon Avner , Koeberl Christian , Montanari* Alessandro 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
In this study, we present a composite δ18O and δ13C record obtained from four speleothems from the Grotta Grande del Vento Cave, located within the Frasassi karst system, northeastern Apennines of central Italy. The ages were determined by U-series analysis, employing thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), and the composite isotopic profile covers most of the time period from ca. 95,000 yr B.P. until ca. 10,000 yr B.P., including the last part of marine isotope stage (MIS) 5, most of the last glacial (MIS 4–2), and the earliest Holocene (MIS 1), with a hiatus lasting from ca. 65,000 to ca. 55,000 yr B.P. We compared this record with other speleothem records from the Eastern Mediterranean, with caves from western Portugal, with two marine records from the Eastern Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea, and with the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) ice-core record. The Frasassi speleothem record provides further insight for a wider regional understanding of the paleoclimate record through the discrepancies and similarities between the northeastern Apennines of central Italy and the Western, Eastern, and northeastern Mediterranean regions.
The time interval between ca. 86,000 and 83,000 yr B.P. shows low δ18O values in the Western and Eastern Mediterranean speleothems and the marine records. This period coincides with sapropel (S3) and is associated with increased hydrological activity and warming. On the other hand, Frasassi speleothem δ18O data do not show a similar low trend, suggesting that increased hydrological activity either did not reach the Frasassi region and/or the region received rainfall from other sources and/or the proportion of winter-summer rainfall was different.
Another interval in which different conditions prevailed in the Frasassi region is during the transition from MIS 5 to glacial MIS 4, from ca. 83,000 to 65,000 yr B.P., when Frasassi speleothem δ18O values decreased, whereas all other records show a clear increase in δ18O. Comparison with the NGRIP record suggests that Northern Hemisphere temperature changes are reflected in Frasassi speleothem δ18O fluctuations during this interval.
A major pronounced isotopic event associated with warming and pluvial conditions during the last glacial evident in the entire Mediterranean region between ca. 54,500 and 52,500 yr B.P. is recorded also in the Frasassi speleothem isotopic profile. This event is followed by a transition from wet and warm climatic conditions to cold conditions. The end of the last glacial is associated with climate instability, evident mainly from the very large oscillations in the Frasassi δ13C record. The transition from the last glacial to early Holocene is characterized by a decreasing trend in δ18O and a sharp increase in δ13C values.
Last Glacial Maximum giant sand dunes on the island of Vis, Croatia
Authors: Wacha* Lara , Montanari* Alessandro , Lomax* Johanna , Fiebig* Markus , Lüthgens* Christopher , Korbar* Tvrtko , Koeberl* Christian 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
An ~10-m-thick sequence of Quaternary eolian sands from the island of Vis (Croatia) was investigated with the aim to unravel and understand their origin, characteristics, and age. The sand deposit is situated in a karstic depression in the eastern part of the island at an altitude of ~100 m above sea level (a.s.l.), and it is composed of a subhorizontally laminated unit at the bottom underlying a cross-bedded unit. The sand is very well sorted and fine grained and composed predominantly of carbonate lithic fragments, which most likely originated from the Dinaric karst region. The siliciclastic component of these sands reflects a more complex lithological source, including older sedimentary (e.g., flysch successions in the area, as well as older Quaternary deposits), magmatic, and metamorphic rocks probably originating from the Inner Dinarides, which were eroded and comminuted by glacial and periglacial activity during the last glacial period, and transported toward the Adriatic foreland by major rivers such as the Cetina and Neretva. Grain size and shape characteristics of the sands as well as their sedimentary structure indicate their eolian origin. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating was applied to determine the depositional age of the sediment. The obtained ages can be correlated to the Last Glacial Maximum (oxygen isotope stage [OIS] 2), implying that during the peak of that glaciation, the central Adriatic basin was dry land, a vast plain exposed to eolian deflation.
The Manitoba Personalized Lifestyle Research (TMPLR) study protocol: a multicentre bidirectional observational cohort study with administrative health record linkage investigating the interactions between lifestyle and health in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Mackay Dylan , Mollard Rebecca C , Granger Matthew , Bruce Sharon , Blewett Heather , Carlberg Jared , Duhamel Todd , Eck Peter , Faucher Patrick , Hamm Naomi C , Khafipour Ehsan , Lix Lisa , McMillan Diana , Myrie Semone , Ravandi Amir , Tangri Navdeep , Azad Meghan , Jones Peter JH 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionLifestyle factors, such as diet, physical activity and sleep, are associated with the development of many chronic diseases. The objective of The Manitoba Personalized Lifestyle Research study is to understand how these lifestyle factors interact with each other and with other factors, such as an individual’s genetics and gut microbiome, to influence health.MethodsAn observational study of adults, with extensive phenotyping by objective health and lifestyle assessments, and retrospective assessment of early life experiences, with retrospective and prospective utilisation of secondary data from administrative health records.Study populationA planned non-random convenience sample of 840 Manitobans aged 30–46 recruited from the general population, stratified by sex (equal men and women), body mass index (BMI; 60% of participants with a BMI>25 kg/m2) and geography (25% from rural areas). These stratifications were selected based on Manitoba demographics.MeasurementsLifestyle factors assessed will include dietary pattern, physical activity, cardiovascular fitness, and sleep. Factors such as medical history, socioeconomic status, alcohol and tobacco consumption, cognition, stress, anxiety, and early life experiences will also be documented. A maternal survey will be performed. Body composition and bone density will be measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and augmentation index will be measured on two consecutive days. Chronic disease risk biomarkers will be measured in blood and urine samples. DNA will be extracted for genetic analysis. A faecal sample will be collected for microbiome analysis. Participants may provide their Manitoba personal health information number to link their study data with administrative health records.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from the University of Manitoba Health Research Ethics Board (protocol # HS18951; 05/01/2016). Data analysis, release of results and publication of manuscripts are scheduled to start in early 2019. Additional information atwww.TMPLR.ca.Trial registration numberNCT03674957; Pre-results.
Physical activity and cognitive changes in younger women after breast cancer treatment
Authors: Arneil Melissa , Anderson Debra , Alexander Kimberly , McCarthy Alexandra 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesStudies indicate women aged 25–49 years previously treated for cancer report cognitive alterations. Good evidence indicates physical activity can be beneficial after cancer and might additionally benefit cognitive function. This short report presents data from a substudy of the Younger Women’s Wellness after Cancer Program (YWWACP), which explored cognitive alterations and investigated potential associations between physical activity and cognitive function in participants in the YWWACP. The primary aim of this substudy was to determine in younger women previously treated for breast cancer (1) whether subjectively reported cognitive function changed over time and (2) if physical activity is associated with subjectively reported cognitive function, and if time had an impact on this.MethodsAll participants had completed breast cancer treatment. Data were collected at baseline (n=41) and at 12 weeks. Measures assessed demographics, self-reported physical activity, cognitive function, sleep quality, stress, anxiety and depression using validated and reliable, subjectively reported instruments.ResultsCognitive function and physical activity scores increased across the time points, with cognitive function revealing a statistically significant increase over time (p=0.004). Statistical testing revealed that physical activity was not correlated with cognitive function and that change in physical activity was not correlated with change in cognitive function.ConclusionThese data provide early evidence that cognitive function and physical activity improved over time in this sample. However, interpretations of a correlation between physical activity and cognitive function should be made with caution, and future research would benefit from larger samples.
Hospital performance and clinical leadership: new evidence from Iran
Authors: Kakemam Edris , Goodall Amanda H 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThere is growing interest in the potential need for clinical involvement in leadership and management of hospitals. Most studies of clinical leadership use US and European data. This paper contributes the first evidence for the country of Iran. It examines three different forms of hospital system: public, private and social security organisation, and these include teaching and non-teaching hospitals. This study adds to a small but growing literature that examines the possible value of ‘expert’ clinical leaders.MethodThis study uses data from 72 general hospitals in the city of Tehran. The data were collected for years 2015 and 2016. Data Envelopment Analysis is used to assess hospital performance. Hospitals’ chief operating officers are divided into two groups:clinicians, the majority of whom are physicians (doctors), andnon-medically trained managers.FindingsThe average performance scores for hospitals with clinical managers and non-clinically trained managers are equal to 96.68±5.50 and 89.78±7.20, respectively (p<0.001). Performance is thus higher under clinical managers. Outcome differences are observed in each of the three types of ownership and in teaching and non-teaching hospitals. The advantage in performance-score varies, when comparing the clinically led institutions and managerially led institutions, by between 5 and 10 points on a 0–100 scale. These differences remain after regression-equation adjustment for other influences.Practical implicationsSuccession planning and targeted leadership development is made more efficient with greater awareness about the kinds of leaders and managers that enhance organisational performance.
BFKL equation in the next-to-leading order: solution at large impact parameters
Authors: Contreras Carlos , Levin Eugene , Meneses Rodrigo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we show (1) that the NLO corrections do not change the power-like decrease of the scattering amplitude at large impact parameter ($$b^2 \,>\,r^2 \exp ( 2{\bar{\alpha }}_S\eta (1 + 4 {\bar{\alpha }}_S) )$$b2>r2exp(2α¯Sη(1+4α¯S)), whererdenotes the size of scattering dipole and$$\eta = \ln (1/x_{Bj} )$$η=ln(1/xBj)for DIS), and, therefore, they do not resolve the inconsistency with unitarity; and (2) they lead to an oscillating behaviour of the scattering amplitude at largeb, in direct contradiction with the unitarity constraints. However, from the more practical point of view, the NLO estimates give a faster decrease of the scattering amplitude as a function ofb, and could be very useful for description of the experimental data. It turns out, that in a limited range ofb, the NLO corrections generates the fast decrease of the scattering amplitude withb, which can be parameterized as$$N\, \propto \,\exp ( -\,\mu \,b )$$N∝exp(-μb)with$$\mu \, \propto \,1/r$$μ∝1/rin accord with the numerical estimates in Cepila et al. (Phys Rev D 99(5):051502,10.1103/PhysRevD.99.051502,arXiv:1812.02548[hep-ph], 2019).
ANALYSIS OF THE CO-MOVEMENT BETWEEN LOCAL GOVERNMENT DEBT RISK AND BANK RISK IN CHINA
Authors: ZHENG CHANGJUN , HUANG SIWEI , QIAN NINGYU 
Published: October 2019

We characterize the debt risk and bank risk of local governments in China with a dynamic factor model that decomposes 31 provincial data of China into country, regional, and idiosyncratic components. The result shows the presence of co-movement between local government debt risk and bank risk. The country, regional, and province factors explain 62%, 16%, and 22% of local government debt risk, respectively, and 28%, 8%, and 64% of commercial bank risk, respectively. Sub-sample analysis reveals that the country factor has become less volatile and its importance typically increases across all provinces after the reform of local government debt financing pattern (e.g., the introduction of Document No. 43).
Symplectic deformations of Floer homology and non-contractible periodic orbits in twisted disc bundles
Authors: Gong Wenmin 
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we establish the existence of periodic orbits belonging to any [Formula: see text]-atoroidal free homotopy class for Hamiltonian systems in the twisted disc bundle, provided that the compactly supported time-dependent Hamiltonian function is sufficiently large over the zero section and the magnitude of the weakly exact [Formula: see text]-form [Formula: see text] admitting a primitive with at most linear growth on the universal cover is sufficiently small. The proof relies on showing the invariance of Floer homology under symplectic deformations and on the computation of Floer homology for the cotangent bundle endowed with its canonical symplectic form. As a consequence, we also prove that, for any non-trivial atoroidal free homotopy class and any positive finite interval, if the magnitude of a magnetic field admitting a primitive with at most linear growth on the universal cover is sufficiently small, the twisted geodesic flow associated to the magnetic field has a periodic orbit on almost every energy level in the given interval whose projection to the underlying manifold represents the given free homotopy class. This application is carried out by showing the finiteness of the restricted Biran–Polterovich–Salamon capacity.
Approximation of the power functions of Roy’s largest root test under general spiked alternatives
Authors: Hou Zhiqiang , Liu Yan , Bai Zhidong , Hu Jiang 
Published: October 2019

Roy’s largest root is a common test statistic in multivariate analysis, statistical signal processing and related fields. According to Anderson [An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis, 3rd edn. (Wiley, New York, 2003)], it is numerically known that compared with the other three tests of linear hypotheses, Roy’s largest root test has the highest power under rank-one alternatives. Therefore, it is important to study the asymptotic distribution of the largest root under rank-one alternatives to obtain an estimation of the power. To the best of our knowledge, no one had solved the problem until Johnstone and Nadler [Roy’s largest root test under rank-one alternatives, Biometrika 104(1) (2017) 181–193] presented a tractable approximation of the distribution of Roy’s largest root test where the alternative is of rank one and the variance of the noise tends to zero. It is natural to ask how Roy’s largest root test performs under other alternatives, for example, rank-finite alternatives. Therefore, we are more interested in the power estimates of Roy’s largest root test under wider alternatives, namely, whether its power is still higher than that of the other three tests of linear hypotheses. In fact, the distribution of the largest root under rank-finite alternatives can be characterized as the distribution of the largest sample eigenvalue among several spiked models. In this paper, we employ the asymptotic results of the spiked eigenvalues derived by Bai and Yao [Central limit theorems for eigenvalues in a spiked population model, Ann. Inst. Henri. Poincarè Probab. Statist. 44(3) (2008) 447–474; On sample eigenvalues in a generalized spiked population model, J. Multivar. Anal. 106 (2012) 167–177] and Wang and Yao [Extreme eigenvalues of large-dimensional spiked Fisher matrices with application, Ann. Statist. 45 (2017) 415–460] to obtain the approximate power of Roy’s largest root test under a high-dimensional setting; more importantly, our results are distribution-free and applicable to cases involving rank-finite alternatives.
CLOTHO: directed test generation for weakly consistent database systems
Authors: Rahmani Kia , Nagar Kartik , Delaware Benjamin , Jagannathan Suresh 
Published: October 2019

Relational database applications are notoriously difficult to test and debug. Concurrent execution of database transactions may violate complex structural invariants that constraint how changes to the contents of one (shared) table affect the contents of another. Simplifying the underlying concurrency model is one way to ameliorate the difficulty of understanding how concurrent accesses and updates can affect database state with respect to these sophisticated properties. Enforcing serializable execution of all transactions achieves this simplification, but it comes at a significant price in performance, especially at scale, where database state is often replicated to improve latency and availability.To address these challenges, this paper presents a novel testing framework for detecting serializability violations in (SQL) database-backed Java applications executing on weakly-consistent storage systems. We manifest our approach in a tool, CLOTHO, that combines a static analyzer and model checker to generate abstract executions, discover serializability violations in these executions, and translate them back into concrete test inputs suitable for deployment in a test environment. To the best of our knowledge, CLOTHO, is the first automated test generation facility for identifying serializability anomalies of Java applications intended to operate in geo-replicated distributed environments. An experimental evaluation on a set of industry-standard benchmarks demonstrates the utility of our approach.