bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Algae: 11
Authors: Prud'homme van Reine Willem F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt is recommended that the listed type of the genus Chlamydomonas be changed from C. pulvinus to C. reinhardtii and that the name Cylindrotheca be conserved against Ceratoneis. It is also recommended that the name Sargassum vulgare not be conserved with a conserved type. The Committee's view on the size of the current ICBN and its method of publication is discussed.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Fossil Plants: 7
Authors: Herendeen Patrick S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe following eight generic names are recommended for conservation: Caytonia against Laconiella, Cupressinocladus against Libocedrites, Cyclostigma Haught. ex Heer against Cyclostigma Hochst. ex Endl., Danaeopsis Heer ex Schimp. against Marantoidea and Danaeopsis C. Presl, Eusphenopteris Gothan ex Simson‐Scharold against Eusphenopteris Kidst., Lepidophloios with that spelling, Pterophyllum with a conserved type, and Schizoneura against Convallarites. The following three species names are also recommended for conservation: Podocarpium podocarpum (A. Braun) Herend. against Podocarpium podocarpum (DC.) Y.C. Yang & P.H. Huang, Schizoneura paradoxa against Convallarites erecta, and Taeniopteris marantacea with a conserved type. The following four generic names are not recommended for conservation: Angarocarpus with a conserved type, Ephedrites with a conserved type, Genitzia with a conserved type, and Tungussocarpus (nom. illeg.). Two published proposals for conservation of generic names are still under consideration (Pleuromeia with that spelling and Sphenozamites with a conserved type).
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Algae: 13
Authors: Prud'homme van Reine Willem F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe following two proposals for modification of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature that relate particularly to algae are recommended for acceptance: Rec. 8B Prop. A (Taxon Prop. 138), Art. 9 Prop. H (219), and the following two are not recommended for acceptance: Art. 13 Prop. B (165), Art. 36 Prop. B (170). The Committee was undecided on Art. 45 Prop. A (150). In addition the Committee did not recommended acceptance of Gen. Prop. Prop. A (016). The Committee also recommended that the ICBN continues to be published in its entirely as a printed book (cf. Art. 14 Prop. G–I (098–100)).
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Fossil Plants: 8
Authors: Herendeen Patrick S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe following three sets of proposals for modification of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature that relate particularly to fossil plants are recommended for acceptance: Gen. Prop. Prop. C, Art. 1 Prop. A & B (Taxon Prop. 101–103), Art. 9 Prop. H (219), and Art. 38 Prop. A (192), and the following three sets are not recommended for acceptance: Art. 1 Prop. C & D (175–176), Art. 8 Prop. B, Art. 9 Prop. U, & Art. 38 Prop. C (135–137), and Art. 38 Prop. B (193). In addition the Committee considered a number of proposals of general impact and recommended acceptance of Art. 29 Prop. A–C, Art. 30 Prop. A–B, Art. 31 Prop. A–B, Rec. 29A Prop. A–B, & Rec. 30A Prop. A–B (203–213), the proposals on electronic publication, and Div. III Prop. B–C (199–200), but the Committee was undecided on the associated proposals Div. III Prop. D–E (201–202). Although not directly affecting names of fossil plants, the Committee also discussed Art. 36 Prop. A–E (115, 170, 186–188) on the language requirements for the validation of names of new taxa. The members had a positive view of the experience of the restrictive language requirement of either English or Latin for names of fossil plants and would not wish to see a return to allowing any language for validating diagnoses or descriptions.
Apoptotic effects of cigarette smoke extracts on mouse embryonic stem cells via oxidative stress
Authors: Kim Cho‐Won , Go Ryeo‐Eun , Hwang Kyung‐A. , Jeung Eui‐Bae , Choi Seong‐Jin , Choi Kyung‐Chul 
Published: February 2019

AbstarctPrevious studies have reported that cigarette smoke and cigarette smoke extract (CSE) have negative effects on embryonic development. However, no studies have investigated the mechanism through which CSE affects the cellular signaling pathway leading to apoptosis and oxidative stress in embryonic cells, or how the two pathways are cross‐linked. Thus, we studied the effects of CSE on apoptosis and oxidative stress in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Specifically, we measured changes in cell viability in response to CSEs (3R4F and two domestic cigarettes CSE 1 and 2) using a water soluble tetrazolium (WST) assay and a neutral red uptake (NRU) assay, which revealed that cell viability decreased in a concentration‐dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 was decreased and that of p21 and p27 was increased by CSE. Additionally, the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TUNEL)‐stained cells was increased by CSE, while the levels of Bax and Caspase‐3 increased and Bcl‐2 decreased. Moreover, a 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF‐DA) assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐Glo H2O2 assay confirmed that ROS were generated in response to CSE and that they were associated with up‐regulated Keaf‐1 and CHOP. Overall, the results revealed that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) inhibited cell proliferation by regulating cell cycle‐related protein expression and increased oxidative stress by regulating the expression of Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap‐1) and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), resulting in apoptosis in mESCs.
20,000 years of societal vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in southwest Asia
Authors: Jones Matthew D. , Abu‐Jaber Nizar , AlShdaifat Ahmad , Baird Douglas , Cook Benjamin I. , Cuthbert Mark O. , Dean Jonathan R. , Djamali Morteza , Eastwood Warren , Fleitmann Dominik , Haywood Alan , Kwiecien Ola , Larsen Joshua , Maher Lisa A. , Metcalfe Sarah E. , Parker Adrian , Petrie Cameron A. , Primmer Nick , Richter Tobias , Roberts Neil , Roe Joe , Tindall Julia C. , Ünal‐İmer Ezgi , Weeks Lloyd 
Published: February 2019

The Fertile Crescent, its hilly flanks and surrounding drylands has been a critical region for studying how climate has influenced societal change, and this review focuses on the region over the last 20,000 years. The complex social, economic, and environmental landscapes in the region today are not new phenomena and understanding their interactions requires a nuanced, multidisciplinary understanding of the past. This review builds on a history of collaboration between the social and natural palaeoscience disciplines. We provide a multidisciplinary, multiscalar perspective on the relevance of past climate, environmental, and archaeological research in assessing present day vulnerabilities and risks for the populations of southwest Asia. We discuss the complexity of palaeoclimatic data interpretation, particularly in relation to hydrology, and provide an overview of key time periods of palaeoclimatic interest. We discuss the critical role that vegetation plays in the human–climate–environment nexus and discuss the implications of the available palaeoclimate and archaeological data, and their interpretation, for palaeonarratives of the region, both climatically and socially. We also provide an overview of how modelling can improve our understanding of past climate impacts and associated change in risk to societies. We conclude by looking to future work, and identify themes of “scale” and “seasonality” as still requiring further focus. We suggest that by appreciating a given locale's place in the regional hydroscape, be it an archaeological site or palaeoenvironmental archive, more robust links to climate can be made where appropriate and interpretations drawn will demand the resolution of factors acting across multiple scales.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Aqueous cadmium removal with ferrate: Influencing factors, removal mechanism, and effect of coexisting ions
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Zhang Ru , Li Haining , Li Mei , Wang Yonglei , Zhao Qian , Wang Ning 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe aim of the work was to evaluate the potential of potassium ferrate (K2FeO4, Fe(VI)) removing Cd(II) from aqueous solution and to primarily investigate the mechanism. Batch experiments were carried out to evaluate the influence of various factors including dosage of K2FeO4, solution pH, the initial concentration of Cd(II), and coexisting ions. The results showed that increasing dosage of K2FeO4 benefited the removal of Cd(II) with the efficiency up to 98.97%. The enhanced removal occurring at higher pH could be attributed to less self‐decomposition of K2FeO4 under alkaline conditions. The maximum specific removal capacity was 80 mg/(g K2FeO4) under certain conditions. Surface properties of the Cd(II)‐containing precipitations were characterized, and the results showed that the weakly crystalline ferrihydrite derived from self‐decomposition of Fe(VI) benefited the adsorption capacity, and Cd(II) was removed via the adsorption of the hydrolysate nanoparticles. Moreover, the coexisting ions were found weakening the removal efficiency of Cd(II) due to the restricted activity of K2FeO4 and competition for adsorption sites of hydrolysate. The interaction between the hydrolyzed products and the adsorbed Cd(II) was also weaken by compressing the thickness of the electric double layer because of the presence of coexisting ions.Practitioner points

Removing Cd(II) from aqueous solution as high as 98.97%.

Removal efficiencies of Fe(VI) relied on chemical dose, pH and contaminant concentration.

Co‐exiting ions weaken the removal efficiency, such as Ca2+ and SO42‐ as well as ionic strength.
Ergonomics in handheld and robot-assisted camera control: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wijsman Paul J. M. , Molenaar Lennert , van‘t Hullenaar Cas D. P. , van Vugt Bas S. T. , Bleeker Wim A. , Draaisma Werner A. , Broeders Ivo A. M. J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic surgery potentially increases the physical burden to operating theater personnel and can cause physical discomfort. This study aims to evaluate if a robotic camera holder (AutoLap™ system) can improve ergonomics for the surgeon and the camera assistant during laparoscopic procedures.

Methods
A total of thirty cases were included and randomized (15 AutoLap™, 15 control). Five types of surgery were included: right hemicolectomy, fundoplication, sigmoid resection, rectopexy, and low anterior resection. The posture of the surgeon and assistant was photographed during predefined steps of the procedure. MATLAB was used to calculate angles relevant for the RULA score. The RULA score is a validated method to evaluate body posture, force and repetition of the upper extremities. Two investigators assessed the RULA score independently. Three subjective questionnaires (SMEQ, NASA TLX, and LED) were used to assess mental and physical discomfort.

Results
No differences in patient characteristics were observed. Sixteen fundoplications, seven right hemicolectomies, five sigmoid resections, one rectopexy, and one low anterior resection were included. The mean RULA score of the surgeon was comparable in both groups, 2.58 (AutoLap™) versus 2.72 (control). The mean RULA score of the assistant was significantly different in both groups, with 2.55 (AutoLap™) versus 3.70 (control) (p = 0.001). The inter-observer variability (ICC) was excellent with 0.93 (surgeon) and 0.97 (assistant). The questionnaires showed a significant difference in physical discomfort for the assistant. The LED and SMEQ score were significantly lower in the robotic group. The NASA TLX demonstrated a significant reduction in scores in all domains when using robotics with the exception of the mental domain.

Conclusion
Use of the AutoLap™ system shows improvement in ergonomics and posture of the first assistant, and ergonomics of the surgeon are not affected. Furthermore, the subjective work load is significantly reduced by using a robotic camera holder.

Trial registration number
NCT0339960, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT03339960?term=autolap&rank=5.
An Exome-Seq Based Tool for Mapping and Selection of Candidate Genes in Maize Deletion Mutants
Authors: Jia Shangang , Morton Kyla , Zhang Chi , Holding David 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Despite the large number of genomic and transcriptomic resources in maize, there is still much to learn about the function of genes in developmental and biochemical processes. Some maize mutants that were generated by gamma-irradiation showed clear segregation for the kernel phenotypes in B73 × Mo17 F2 ears. To better understand the functional genomics of kernel development, we developed a mapping and gene identification pipeline, bulked segregant exome sequencing (BSEx-seq), to map mutants with kernel phenotypes including opaque endosperm and reduced kernel size. BSEx-seq generates and compares the sequence of the exon fraction from mutant and normal plant F2 DNA pools. The comparison can derive mapping peaks, identify deletions within the mapping peak, and suggest candidate genes within the deleted regions. We then used the public kernel-specific expression data to narrow down the list of candidate genes/mutations and identified deletions ranging from several kb to more than 1 Mb. A full deletion allele of the Opaque-2 gene was identified in mutant 531, which occurs within a ∼200-kb deletion. Opaque mutant 1486 has a 6248-bp deletion in the mapping interval containing two candidate genes encoding RNA-directed DNA methylation 4 (RdDM4) and AMP-binding protein, respectively. This study demonstrates the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of BSEx-seq for causal mutation mapping and candidate gene selection, providing a new option in mapping-by-sequencing for maize functional genomics studies.
Role of DAPK1 in neuronal cell death, survival and diseases in the nervous system
Authors: Sulaiman Alsaadi Maryam 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDAPK (death‐associated protein kinase) is a calcium/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) regulated serine/threonine kinase. Structurally, it assumes a multi‐domain structure and participates in various apoptotic systems which imply that it may interact with a wide range of intracellular components to exert its action. DAPK plays vital roles in pro‐apoptotic, apoptotic and autophagic pathways. In addition, it plays important roles in many diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia and epilepsy. Although a novel protein, DAPK's various cellular signal transduction pathways proves that it can be a target for a potential future therapeutic effects. Specific role of DAPK in the development and maintenance of the nervous system needs to be further investigated as it is involved in neurodegeneration, traumatic brain injury and neuronal development or recovery from injury. This review summarizes DAPK signaling pathways in autophagy, apoptosis, and stresses the important role it might play in the nervous system.
The Sign Theory of Language and the form-meaning interface / La Théorie du langage basée sur le signe et l’interface forme-sens
Authors: Newmeyer Frederick J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article examines a key feature of Denis Bouchard's Sign Theory of Language, namely theSubstantive Hypothesis(SH), the idea that “the most explanatory linguistic theory is one that minimizes the elements (ideally to zero) that do not have an external motivation in the prior properties of the perceptual and conceptual substances of language”. The article argues that the strongest form of the SH is challenged by two widespread classes of phenomena: morphosyntactic generalizations that are not sign-based, and non-sign-based external pressures on grammars. It concludes with some speculative remarks on why, to a significant degree, grammatical patterning is not sign-based.
Multi-point Monin–Obukhov similarity in the convective atmospheric surface layer using matched asymptotic expansions
Authors: Tong Chenning , Ding Mengjie 
Published: February 2019

The multi-point Monin–Obukhov similarity (MMO) was recently proposed (Tong & Nguyen, J. Atmos. Sci., vol. 72, 2015, pp. 4337–4348) to address the issue of incomplete similarity in the framework of the original Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST). MMO hypothesizes the following: (1) The surface-layer turbulence, defined to consist of eddies that are entirely inside the surface layer, has complete similarity, which however can only be represented by multi-point statistics, requiring a horizontal characteristic length scale (absent in MOST). (2) The Obukhov length $L$ is also the characteristic horizontal length scale; therefore, all surface-layer multi-point statistics, non-dimensionalized using the surface-layer parameters, depend only on the height and separations between the points, non-dimensionalized using $L$. However, similar to MOST, MMO was also proposed as a hypothesis based on phenomenology. In this work we derive MMO analytically for the case of the horizontal Fourier transforms of the velocity and potential temperature fluctuations, which are equivalent to the two-point horizontal differences of these variables, using the spectral forms of the Navier–Stokes and the potential temperature equations. We show that, for the large-scale motions (wavenumber $k<1/z$) in a convective surface layer, the solution is uniformly valid with respect to $z$ (i.e. as $z$ decreases from $z>-L$ to $z<-L$), where $z$ is the height from the surface. However, for $z<-L$ the solution is not uniformly valid with respective to $k$ as it increases from $k<-1/L$ to $k>-1/L$, resulting in a singular perturbation problem, which we analyse using the method of matched asymptotic expansions. We show that (1) $-L$ is the characteristic horizontal length scale, and (2) the Fourier transforms satisfy MMO with the non-dimensional wavenumber $-kL$ as the independent similarity variable. Two scaling ranges, the convective range and the dynamic range, discovered for $z\ll -L$ in Tong & Nguyen (2015) are obtained. We derive the leading-order spectral scaling exponents for the two scaling ranges and the corrections to the scaling ranges for finite ratios of the length scales. The analysis also reveals the dominant dynamics in each scaling range. The analytical derivations of the characteristic horizontal length scale ($L$) and the validity of MMO for the case of two-point horizontal separations provide strong support to MMO for general multi-point velocity and temperature differences.
Source counts and confusion at 72–231 MHz in the MWA GLEAM survey
Authors: Franzen T. M. O. , Vernstrom T. , Jackson C. A. , Hurley-Walker N. , Ekers R. D. , Heald G. , Seymour N. , White S. V. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array survey is a radio continuum survey at 72–231 MHz of the whole sky south of declination +30º, carried out with the Murchison Widefield Array. In this paper, we derive source counts from the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison data at 200, 154, 118, and 88 MHz, to a flux density limit of 50, 80, 120, and 290 mJy respectively, correcting for ionospheric smearing, incompleteness and source blending. These counts are more accurate than other counts in the literature at similar frequencies as a result of the large area of sky covered and this survey’s sensitivity to extended emission missed by other surveys. At S154 MHz > 0.5 Jy, there is no evidence of flattening in the average spectral index (α ≈ −0.8 where S ∝ vα) towards the lower frequencies. We demonstrate that the Square Kilometre Array Design Study model by Wilman et al. significantly underpredicts the observed 154-MHz GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison counts, particularly at the bright end. Using deeper Low-Frequency Array counts and the Square Kilometre Array Design Study model, we find that sidelobe confusion dominates the thermal noise and classical confusion at v ≳ 100 MHz due to both the limited CLEANing depth and the undeconvolved sources outside the field-of-view. We show that we can approach the theoretical noise limit using a more efficient and automated CLEAN algorithm.
Non-destructive detection and classification of in-shell insect-infested almonds based on multispectral imaging technology
Authors: Yu J. , Ren S. , Liu C. , Wei B. , Zhang L. , Younas S. , Zheng L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe feasibility of non-destructive detection and classification of in-shell insect-infested almonds was examined by using multispectral imaging (MSI) technology combined with chemometrics. Differentiation of reflectance spectral data between intact and insect-infested almonds was attempted by using analytical approaches based on principal component analysis and support vector machines, classification accuracy rates as high as 99.1% in the calibration set and 97.5% in the prediction set were achieved. Meanwhile, the in-shell almonds were categorized into three classes (intact, slightly infested and severely infested) based on the degree of damage caused by insect infestation and were characterized quantitatively by the analysis of shell/kernel weight ratio. A three-class model for the identification of intact, slightly infested and severely infested almonds yielded acceptable classification performance (95.6% accuracy in the calibration set and 93.3% in the prediction set). These results revealed that MSI technology combined with chemometrics may be a promising approach for the non-destructive detection of hidden insect damage in almonds and could be used for industrial applications.
A Simple Method to Solve the Instantaneous Kinematics of the 5-RUR Parallel Manipulator
Authors: Gallardo-Alvarado Jaime , Abedinnasab Mohammad H. , Islam Md. Nazrul 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn this work a simple method to solve the kinematics of the 5-R$\underbar{P}$UR parallel manipulator is introduced. Dealing with the displacement analysis, the kinematic constraint equations required to address the forward–inverse displacement analysis are established according to linear combinations of two vectors attached to the moving platform. Then, besides the solution of the inverse displacement analysis two strategies are proposed in order to solve the forward position analysis. Finally, the input–output equations of velocity and acceleration are systematically obtained by resorting to reciprocal-screw theory. Numerical examples are provided with the purpose to illustrate the proposed method. Furthermore, the numerical results obtained by means of screw theory are confirmed with the aid of commercially available software.