bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward scalable perovskite‐based multijunction solar modules
Authors: Jaysankar Manoj , Paetel Stefan , Ahlswede Erik , Paetzold Ulrich W. , Aernouts Tom , Gehlhaar Robert , Poortmans Jef 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPerovskite‐based multijunction solar cells can potentially overcome the power conversion efficiency (PCE) limits of established solar cell technologies. The technology combines high‐efficiency perovskite top solar cells with crystalline silicon (c‐Si) and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) single‐junction solar cells enabling a more efficient harnessing of solar energy. In this work, we present high‐efficiency and scalable perovskite‐CIGS and perovskite‐Si multijunction solar modules in a four‐terminal configuration. We design the multijunction solar modules for minimal optical losses through careful optical engineering. In addition to optimized light coupling, the solar modules are fabricated in a scalable device design. Starting from lab‐scale cells of 0.13 cm2, we scale up the multijunction devices by two orders of magnitude to 16 cm2 and investigate the various losses affecting the PCE of large‐area multijunction solar modules, thus providing valuable insights into scalability of the technology. The champion perovskite‐CIGS and perovskite‐Si multijunction solar modules exhibit higher PCE than the stand‐alone devices on sizes up 16 cm2, paving the way for high‐effiency perovskite‐based multijunction photovoltaics. This work brings to forth relevant upscaling aspects of perovskite‐based multijunction solar cell technology, which is a key milestone in the road to commercial feasibility of the perovskite‐based multijunction solar cell technology.
Efficacy of chitosan‐coated paper incorporated with vanillin and ethylene adsorbents on the control of anthracnose and the quality of Nam Dok Mai mango fruit
Authors: Jaimun Ratchadaporn , Sangsuwan Jurmkwan 
Published: June 2019

Mango fruit is perishable and susceptible to anthracnose. Active‐coated paper is proposed as potential packaging for commercial application in wrapping mango fruit to control anthracnose and delay the ripening process of fruit. The surface of white standard bleached paper was coated using a vanillin‐chitosan coating solution containing varying amounts of zeolite or activated carbon at 0% (vanillin paper), 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4%, w/v of ethylene absorbers. The first objective was to study the effect of absorber types and their amounts on ethylene removal. After that, the coating formulation that provided the highest ethylene removal was selected to wrap commercial Nam Dok Mai mango fruit to study the quality changes. The efficacy of active‐coated paper on the severity index of anthracnose disease, change in physicochemical properties, and sensory acceptability during storage (13°C, 90% relative humidity (RH) for 30 days) were investigated. It was found that vanillin‐chitosan coated paper containing 0.2% (w/v) of zeolite (zeolite paper) exhibited the highest capacity of ethylene adsorption. Zeolite paper could delay the disease incidence of wrapped mango fruit and provided the lowest severity index of anthracnose disease throughout storage. Moreover, changes in physicochemical qualities (weight loss, firmness, titratable acidity, total soluble solid, and color) of mango fruits wrapped in zeolite paper was quite low, compared with those wrapped with vanillin and uncoated papers. In addition, mango wrapped by zeolite paper had the highest sensory acceptance score. The results suggest that zeolite paper can efficiently be applied as wrapping to extend the postharvest life of mango fruit.
Vaporization and thermodynamics of ceramics in the Y2O3‐ZrO2‐HfO2 system
Authors: Kablov Eugene N. , Stolyarova Valentina L. , Vorozhtcov Viktor A. , Lopatin Sergey I. , Karachevtsev Fedor N. 
Published: June 2019

RationaleThe Y2O3‐ZrO2‐HfO2 system is a promising base for a wide range of high‐temperature materials including ultra‐high‐temperature ceramics. At high temperatures of synthesis and application of these ceramics the components may vaporize selectively, leading to changes in chemical composition and exploitation properties of the materials. Therefore, study of the vaporization processes of ceramics based on the Y2O3‐ZrO2‐HfO2 system is of great importance. The thermodynamic properties of the Y2O3‐ZrO2‐HfO2 system obtained in the present study can be used for the prediction and modeling of the physicochemical properties of ultra‐high‐temperature ceramics.MethodsThe present study was carried out by the high‐temperature Knudsen effusion mass spectrometric method using the MS‐1301 mass spectrometer, which was designed to study the physicochemical properties of non‐volatile compounds. Vapor species effusing from the tungsten twin effusion cell, which was used for vaporization of the samples under study, were ionized by electron ionization with an ionization energy of 30 eV.ResultsThe gaseous phase over the samples of the Y2O3‐ZrO2‐HfO2 system was shown to consist of the YO, ZrO, ZrO2, HfO and O vapor species at a temperature of 2660 K. The YO, ZrO, ZrO2, HfO and O partial vapor pressures were obtained in a wide concentration range by the complete isothermal vaporization method, which allowed determination of the activities of Y2O3, ZrO2 and HfO2, Gibbs energies of mixing and excess Gibbs energies of the Y2O3‐ZrO2‐HfO2 system at 2660 K.ConclusionsNegative deviations from the ideal behavior were shown in the solid solutions of the Y2O3‐ZrO2‐HfO2 system at 2660 K. The excess Gibbs energies found in the present study were approximated using the Redlich‐Kister representation. The possibility of application of the Kohler method to estimate the excess Gibbs energies of the Y2O3‐ZrO2‐HfO2 system was considered.
Toward coherence in curriculum, instruction, and assessment: A review of learning progression literature
Authors: Jin Hui , Mikeska Jamie N. , Hokayem Hayat , Mavronikolas Elia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo evaluate the recent advances in learning progression (LP) research and identify future research directions, we reviewed LP literature from 2006 to 2018. Through a systematic search of Web of Science databases and key journals, we located 130 LP articles published between 2006 and 2018. Among these articles, we reviewed 86 studies. The review was framed around three types of coherence that LPs can provide in a system of curriculum, instruction, and assessment: developmental, vertical, and horizontal coherence. Developmental coherence refers to the idea that LPs, as cognitive models, should describe development in students from intuitive thinking to scientific thinking. It provides a foundation for building the horizontal coherence (the alignment among curriculum, instruction, and assessment) and the vertical coherence (the linkage between classroom and large‐scale assessments). The results of our review suggest significant advances in enhancing the developmental coherence. More specifically, existing LPs have captured the mechanisms of knowledge development and integrated knowledge and practice in different ways. Regarding the horizontal coherence, while the methodology for the development and validation of LPs has been established, limited attention has been given to LP‐based interventions and teachers’ understanding and use of LPs. Only one study explored LP's role in building vertical coherence. The review reveals a great need for future research (a) to develop LPs for scientific reasoning that cut across multiple science topics and disciplines, (b) to use LPs in instructional interventions, teacher education, and professional development, and (c) to use LPs to link classroom assessments with large‐scale assessments.
The associations between alexithymia, non‐suicidal self‐injury, and risky drinking: The moderating roles of experiential avoidance and biological sex
Authors: Greene Danyelle , Hasking Penelope , Boyes Mark 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlexithymia and experiential avoidance are personality traits regularly identified as correlates of behaviours that serve an emotion regulatory function, including, non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and risky drinking. In the current study, we examined whether the relationships between alexithymia, NSSI, and risky drinking are moderated by experiential avoidance and sex. A sample of 778 university students (77.1% female, Mage = 22.27, SD = 6.71) completed online questionnaires. For men, a combination of high levels of externally orientated thinking and experiential avoidance was associated with NSSI. Conversely, for women, a combination of high levels of externally orientated thinking but low levels of experiential avoidance was associated with risky drinking. Findings suggest that associations between alexithymia and experiential avoidance with NSSI and risky drinking may differ between men and women.
Self‐Assembly Toolbox of Tailored Supramolecular Architectures Based on an Amphiphilic Protein Library
Authors: Schreiber Andreas , Stühn Lara G. , Huber Matthias C. , Geissinger Süreyya E. , Rao Ashit , Schiller Stefan M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe molecular structuring of complex architectures and the enclosure of space are essential requirements for technical and living systems. Self‐assembly of supramolecular structures with desired shape, size, and stability remains challenging since it requires precise regulation of physicochemical and conformational properties of the components. Here a general platform for controlled self‐assembly of tailored amphiphilic elastin‐like proteins into desired supramolecular protein assemblies ranging from spherical coacervates over molecularly defined twisted fibers to stable unilamellar vesicles is introduced. The described assembly protocols efficiently yield protein membrane–based compartments (PMBC) with adjustable size, stability, and net surface charge. PMBCs demonstrate membrane fusion and phase separation behavior and are able to encapsulate structurally and chemically diverse cargo molecules ranging from small molecules to naturally folded proteins. The ability to engineer tailored supramolecular architectures with defined fusion behavior, tunable properties, and encapsulated cargo paves the road for novel drug delivery systems, the design of artificial cells, and confined catalytic nanofactories.
Surface Micro‐ and Nanoengineering: Applications of Layer‐by‐Layer Technology as a Versatile Tool to Control Cellular Behavior
Authors: Sousa Maria P. , Arab‐Tehrany Elmira , Cleymand Franck , Mano João F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) cues have been widely investigated for their impact on cellular behavior. Among mechanics, physics, chemistry, and topography, different ECM properties have been discovered as important parameters to modulate cell functions, activating mechanotransduction pathways that can influence gene expression, proliferation or even differentiation. Particularly, ECM topography has been gaining more and more interest based on the evidence that these physical cues can tailor cell behavior. Here, an overview of bottom‐up and top‐down approaches reported to produce materials capable of mimicking the ECM topography and being applied for biomedical purposes is provided. Moreover, the increasing motivation of using the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) technique to reproduce these topographical cues is highlighted. LbL assembly is a versatile methodology used to coat materials with a nanoscale fidelity to the geometry of the template or to produce multilayer thin films composed of polymers, proteins, colloids, or even cells. Different geometries, sizes, or shapes on surface topography can imply different behaviors: effects on the cell adhesion, proliferation, morphology, alignment, migration, gene expression, and even differentiation are considered. Finally, the importance of LbL assembly to produce defined topographical cues on materials is discussed, highlighting the potential of micro‐ and nanoengineered materials to modulate cell function and fate.
Coupled Biphase (1T‐2H)‐MoSe2 on Mold Spore Carbon for Advanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Deng Shengjue , Ai Changzhi , Luo Mi , Liu Bo , Zhang Yan , Li Yahao , Lin Shiwei , Pan Guoxiang , Xiong Qinqin , Liu Qi , Wang Xiuli , Xia Xinhui , Tu Jiangping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPerformance breakthrough of MoSe2‐based hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts largely relies on sophisticated phase modulation and judicious innovation on conductive matrix/support. In this work the controllable synthesis of phosphate ion (PO43−) intercalation induced‐MoSe2 (P‐MoSe2) nanosheets on N‐doped mold spore carbon (N‐MSC) forming P‐MoSe2/N‐MSC composite electrocatalysts is realized. Impressively, a novel conductive N‐MSC matrix is constructed by a facile mold fermentation method. Furthermore, the phase of MoSe2 can be modulated by a simple phosphorization strategy to realize the conversion from 2H‐MoSe2 to 1T‐MoSe2 to produce biphase‐coexisted (1T‐2H)‐MoSe2 by PO43‐ intercalation (namely, P‐MoSe2), confirmed by synchrotron radiation technology and spherical aberration‐corrected TEM (SACTEM). Notably, higher conductivity, lower bandgap and adsorption energy of H+ are verified for the P‐MoSe2/N‐MSC with the help of density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Benefiting from these unique advantages, the P‐MoSe2/N‐MSC composites show superior HER performance with a low Tafel slope (≈51 mV dec‐1) and overpotential (≈126 mV at 10 mA cm‐1) and excellent electrochemical stability, better than 2H‐MoSe2/N‐MSC and MoSe2/carbon nanosphere (MoSe2/CNS) counterparts. This work demonstrates a new kind of carbon material via biological cultivation, and simultaneously unravels the phase transformation mechanism of MoSe2 by PO43‐ intercalation.
Nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lin Shuibin , Wang Xiang‐Yang , Zhu Guizhi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe past few decades have witnessed the booming field of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer therapeutic vaccines, either alone or in combination with other immunotherapies such as adoptive cell therapy or immune checkpoint blockade therapy, are an attractive class of cancer immunotherapeutics. However, cancer vaccines have thus far shown suboptimal efficacy in the clinic. Nanomedicines offer unique opportunities to improve the efficacy of these vaccines. A variety of nanoplatforms have been investigated to deliver molecular or cellular or subcellular vaccines to target lymphoid tissues and cells, thereby promoting the potency and durability of anti‐tumor immunity while reducing adverse side effects. In this article, we reviewed the key parameters and features of nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy; we highlighted recent advances in the development of cancer nanovaccines based on synthetic nanocarriers, biogenic nanocarriers, as well as semi‐biogenic nanocarriers; and we summarized newly emerging types of nanovaccines, such as those based on stimulator of interferon genes agonists, cancer neoantigens, mRNA vaccines, as well as artificial antigen‐presenting cells.This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Seeking coherence between ‘mobile learning’ applications and the everyday lives of medical residents
Authors: Ramos Diana , Grad Roland , Saroyan Alenoush , Nugus Peter 
Published: June 2019

Introduction The role of technology in health professions education has received increased research attention. Research has examined the interaction between humans and technology, focusing on the mutual influence between people and technology. Little attention has been given to the role of motivation and incentives in how learning technologies are used in relation to daily activities. This research aims to understand the relationship between medical-learning technology and its users. Methods A mixed-method case study of a new medical-learning mobile application (app) for family medicine residents was undertaken at a Canadian university hospital. The Information Assessment Method is a custom-made app to help residents prepare for the College of Family Physicians of Canada licensing examination. Residents’ use of the app was tracked over a 7-month period and individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with users. Data were thematically analyzed and correlated with app use data. Results Factors identified as shaping residents’ mobile app use for learning, included: efficiency, mobility and resonance with life context; credibility of information retrieved; and relevance of content. Most influential was stage of residency. Second-year residents were more selective and strategic than first-year residents in their app use. Discussion An emphasis on coherence between self-directed learning and externally dictated learning provides a framework for understanding the relationship between users and mobile-learning technology. This framework can guide the design, implementation and evaluation of learning interventions for healthcare professionals and learners.
Bacillus cereusinfection in neonates and the absence of evidence for the role of banked human milk: Case reports and literature review
Authors: Lewin Antoine , Quach Caroline , Rigourd Virginie , Picaud Jean-Charles , Perreault Thérèse , Frange Pierre , Domingo Marc-Christian , Lalancette Cindy , Delage Gilles , Germain Marc 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground:Banked human milk (BHM) has inherent infectious risks, even when pasteurized. Because of the ubiquity ofBacillus cereusin the environment and its ability to resist the Holder pasteurization process, there is a concern that BHM might lead to severeB. cereusinfections.Objective:We reviewed observed and published cases to determine the potential causal role of BHM as the source of these infections.Methods:Two infants in the province of Québec (Canada) developed aB. cereusneonatal infection, and both had received BHM. We conducted bacteriological studies to compare clinical isolates and those found in these cases.Results:After extended culture of BHM retention lots,B. cereuswas found to have been involved in batches related to the first case. However, molecular typing showed that the strain was different from the clinical isolate, therefore excluding BHM as the source of contamination. In the second case, aBrevibacillusspp was isolated, a species distinct from the clinical isolate.Conclusion:Based on these cases and others reported in the literature, a causal link betweenB. cereuscontaminated BHM and preterm neonatal infection has never been documented. Therefore, the risk that BHM can cause this infection remains theoretical. Given the widespread presence ofB. cereusin the hospital environment and its capacity to resist standard cleaning procedures, it seems likely that airborne or direct or indirect contact are the main sources of most, if not all, cases of severeB. cereusneonatal infections, even in babies exposed to BHM.
Some Examples of Three-Dimensional Effects in Boundary Layer Flow
Authors: Wilkinson J. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe three-dimensional boundary layer flow defined by the external irrotational velocity components U = x (ξ), V = αη, where α is a small positive parameter, is investigated with the aid of the boundary layer equations of Howarth. When X(ξ) = ξm a solution exact to the first power in α is found. A Pohlhausen method is then developed for any function x (ξ) and applied to the cases in which x (ξ) = ξm and x (ξ)=i-ξ.
Symmetrical Buckling of Right-Angled Isosceles Triangular Plates
Authors: Wittrick W. H. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe problem considered is that of the buckling of a right-angled isosceles triangular plate subjected to shear along the two perpendicular edges together with uniform compression in all directions. Four combinations of boundary conditions are considered, and the buckle is assumed to be symmetrical about the bisector of the right angle. In each case it is shown that, if the plate is subjected to shear only, the critical stress is changed considerably upon reversal of the shear. The larger value occurs when the shear is tending to decrease the right angle. Because of this fact, the interaction curve, giving critical combinations of compression and shear, is unsymmetrical and the critical compressive stress can be appreciably increased by the application of a suitable amount of shear.
The Frequency of Failures within a Group of Similar Structures
Authors: Chilver A. H. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryAn attempt is made to assess the rate at which failures occur within a group of similar structures, or structural components, when each structure is subjected to the same set of applied loads. The structures are similar in every respect except for small inherent differences in strength from one structure to another. On infrequent occasions the applied loads may be so intense as to destroy the weaker members of the group. For the problem in which the structural strengths are distributed within the group in a “normal” fashion, and when the frequency of severe loads diminishes exponentially, it is found that the rate at which failures occur within the group of structures is governed by two simple non-dimensional parameters. Numerical values of these parameters are studied more fully.
Supersonic Bangs
Authors: Sambasiva Rao P. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn this paper a non-linear theory of the supersonic bangs from an accelerating body is worked out, using an extension of Whitham’s method. The strength of the bow shock is determined, and it is shown that the effect of acceleration on the pressure rise is appreciable at large distances from the nose for Mach numbers near unity. The results are compared with those of linear theory; the estimate for the pressure rise is found to be about a half of the linear value. The results also include an expression for the curvature of an attached shock at the nose, and a formula for the decay of a shock after it is detached from a decelerating body.
Links between iron supply from Asian dust and marine productivity in the Japan Sea since four million years ago
Authors: Zhai Lina , Wan Shiming , Tada Ryuji , Zhao Debo , Shi Xuefa , Yin Xuebo , Tan Yang , Li Anchun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAeolian dust input exerts significant influence on oceanic biogeochemical cycles and further potentially controls atmospheric CO2 concentrations. However, the possible link between long-term aeolian dust supply and primary productivity in the western North Pacific remains poorly understood. Here, we present a comprehensive study of major and trace elements and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations of sediments from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1430 in the southern Japan Sea, in order to reconstruct oceanic palaeoproductivity evolution and test its possible link to Asian dust input since 4 Ma. Palaeoproductivity proxies indicate remarkable increases in productivity at ∼3–2 Ma followed by high-frequency oscillations in productivity since 1.2 Ma. We suggest that higher dust-derived iron supply from Central Asia at 3–2 Ma, which was likely driven by the growth of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, could account for enhanced primary productivity and export production in the Japan Sea. Such increased oceanic palaeoproductivity could enhance organic carbon burial, which might contribute to the decrease in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and provide a positive feedback to the global cooling. However, the Tsushima Warm Current (TSWC) intrusion via the southern Tsushima Strait, which was controlled by glacioeustatic sea level changes, has been the principal cause of the rapid changes in primary productivity and benthic redox condition since 1.2 Ma, regardless of continuously increased Asian dust input.