bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Groundwater hydrogeochemistry in permafrost regions
Authors: Cochand Marion , Molson John , Lemieux Jean‐Michel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis review paper provides a summary of the current state of knowledge regarding groundwater hydrogeochemistry in permafrost regions and presents expected impacts of permafrost degradation on groundwater quality. Using published case studies, the most practical monitoring approaches are reviewed, possible monitoring issues are highlighted, and links between groundwater chemistry signatures and associated flow systems in northern climates are identified. Hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in permafrost regions depend on the same reactions as in nonpermafrost regions, but in acting as a confining layer, permafrost can affect groundwater chemistry by restricting recharge and limiting exchange of energy and mass between the ground surface, surface water and groundwater. Rock (mineral)–water interactions can also increase due to longer residence times. The impacts of climate change on groundwater quality in permafrost regions are thought to be linked to the loss of this confining layer. Various studies have reported significant modifications in shallow and deep groundwater contributions to surface water, marked by a decrease in dissolved organic carbon and an increase in total dissolved solids in stream water linked to declining permafrost coverage. Future studies related to hydrogeology in permafrost areas should include better in situ hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater to assess its potential for future use as the climate warms.
Radium isotope fingerprinting of permafrost ‐ applications to thawing and intra‐permafrost processes
Authors: Weinstein Yishai , Rotem Dotan , Kooi Henk , Yechieli Yoseph , Sültenfuß Jurgen , Kiro Yael , Harlavan Yehudit , Feldman Mor , Christiansen Hanne H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPermafrost in circum‐polar regions has been recently undergoing thawing, with severe environmental consequences, including the release of greenhouse gases and amplification of global warming. Although highly important, direct methods of tracking thawing hardly exist. In a research study conducted at Adventdalen, Svalbard, we identified a permafrost radioisotope fingerprint, and show that it can be used to track thawing. Ratios of long‐ to the shorter‐lived radium isotopes are higher in ground ice than in active layer water, which we attribute to the permafrost closed system and possibly to the long residence time of ground ice in the permafrost. Also, daughter–parent 224Ra/228Ra ratios are lower in permafrost than in the active layer. These fingerprints were also identified in a local stream, confirming the applicability of this tool to tracing thawed permafrost in periglacial watersheds. A combination of radium isotope ratios and 3H allowed the identification of recent intra‐permafrost segregation processes. The permafrost radium fingerprint should be applicable to other permafrost areas, which could assist in regional quantification of the extent of permafrost thawing and carbon emissions to the atmosphere.
Preparation of an Electrochemical Sensor Based on Surface Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Modified Electrode and its Application in Detection of Nitrocellulose
Authors: Meng Xiangjun , Yang Yan , Xiao Zhenggang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn order to develop a novel method for the detection of nitrocellulose (NC), an electrochemical sensor based on silica surface molecularly imprinted polymers (SiO2/MIPs) modified electrode was prepared to detect NC. In addition, SiO2 non‐imprinted polymers‐based (SiO2/NIPs) sensor was prepared as a control. The response characteristic of SiO2/MIPs‐based sensor to NC was studied with [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− as a probe molecule. The SiO2/MIPs‐based sensor have an optimized current responsiveness to NC when it was prepared at temperature of 50 °C and 1 : 3 proportion of methacrylic acid to ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate. The current response of SiO2/MIPs‐based sensor is the most significant under the NC solution of 4.0 mg mL−1, incubation period of 1 min and [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− electrolyte of 5 mM. The SiO2/MIPs‐based sensor had the greatest response capacity for NC among the several analogues, which indicates that the SiO2/MIPs‐based sensor has a good specificity to NC. Furthermore, the SiO2/MIPs‐based sensor exhibited an excellent reproducibility in repeated measurements. Results show the prepared SiO2/MIPs‐based sensor can be a potential candidate for the detection of NC in the security checking and hazard control.
Health professionals’ and researchers’ opinions on conducting clinical deprescribing trials
Authors: Clough Alexander J. , Hilmer Sarah N. , Kouladjian‐O'Donnell Lisa , Naismith Sharon L. , Gnjidic Danijela 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhile clinical deprescribing trials are increasingly being performed, there is no guidance on the optimum conduction of such studies. The aim of this survey was to explore the perspectives, attitudes, interests, barriers, and enablers of conducting clinical deprescribing trials among health professionals and researchers. An anonymous survey was developed, reviewed, and piloted by all investigators and informed by consultation with experts, as well as current deprescribing guidelines. The questions were formulated around current clinical trial frameworks and incorporated identified enablers and barriers of performing deprescribing studies. The survey was sent to members of Australian and international deprescribing, pharmacological, and pharmacy organizations, and other researchers published in deprescribing. A total of 96 respondents completed the survey (92.3% completion rate). Respondents indicated the main deprescribing trial rationale is to generate evidence to optimize patient‐centered outcomes (79.2%). Common barriers identified included the time and effort required (18.2%), and apprehension of health professionals involved in trials (17.1%). Studies are enabled by positive attitudes toward deprescribing of treating prescribers (24.4%) and patients (20.9%). Classical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were deemed the most appropriate methodology (93.2%). Sixty percent of participants indicated a good clinical practice framework is required to guide the conduct of deprescribing trials. There were no significant differences in responses based on previous experience in conducting clinical deprescribing trials. In conclusion, clinical deprescribing trials should be conducted to investigate whether deprescribing medications improves patient care. A future deprescribing trial framework should use classical RCTs as a model, ensure participant safety, and target patient‐centered outcomes.
Migration and health in China: Linking sending and host societies
Authors: Wang Senhu , Hu Yang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChina's large‐scale internal migration has stimulated ongoing debates about consequences of geographical mobility for population health. Although existing research predominantly focused on migrants' health in host societies, the complex relationship between migration and health throughout the full migratory cycle remains understudied. Analysing data from 2010 China General Social Survey (N = 1,660), we investigate variations in migrants' physical and mental health across four distinct migratory stages—intended, temporary, permanent, and return migration. Supporting the “healthy migrant” and “salmon” hypotheses, we found that intended migrants have better health than rural residents with no migration intention, and migrants have better health than return migrants. The health disparity between nonmigrants and migrants is largely explained by selective demographic and socio‐economic traits, but not health behaviours. Rural‐to‐urban migration is associated with adverse health outcomes, particularly among permanent migrants. The findings suggest potential health risks associated with rural‐to‐urban migration and migrant assimilation in urban China.
Nanofiber‐Reinforced Silver Nanowires Network as a Robust, Ultrathin, and Conformable Epidermal Electrode for Ambulatory Monitoring of Physiological Signals
Authors: Liu Lu , Li Hua Yang , Fan You Jun , Chen Yang Hui , Kuang Shuang Yang , Li Ze Bin , Wang Zhong Lin , Zhu Guang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExtremely soft and thin electrodes with high skin conformability have potential applications in wearable devices for personal healthcare. Here, a submicrometer thick, highly robust, and conformable nanonetwork epidermal electrode (NEE) is reported. Electrospinning of polyamide nanofibers and electrospraying of silver nanowires are simultaneously performed to form a homogeneously convoluted network in a nonwoven way. For a 125 nm thick NEE, a low sheet resistance of ≈4 Ω sq−1 with an optical transmittance of ≈82% is achieved. Due to the nanofiber‐based scaffold that undertakes most of the stress during deformation, the electric resistance of the NEE shows very little variation; less than 1.2% after 50 000 bending cycles. The NEE can form a fully conformal contact to human skin without additional adhesives, and the NEE shows a contact impedance that is over 50% lower than what is found in commercial gel electrodes. Due to conformal contact even under deformation, the NEE proves to be a stable, robust, and comfortable approach for measuring electrocardiogram signals, especially when a subject is in motion. These features make the NEE promising for use in the ambulatory measurement of physiological signals for healthcare applications.
Recent Advances Utilized in the Recycling of Homogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Shende Vaishali S. , Saptal Vitthal B. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHomogeneous catalysts often show high activity and selectivity towards the various chemical transformations. Most of the transition metal‐based active catalysts are expensive, rare, and have strict regulations for their use in pharmaceutical products. Hence, there is a requirement to develop suitable technologies for the practical separation and recycling of metal complex catalysts along with the sustainability of the process. This review focuses on the recent techniques used for the catalyst separation, their recovery, and recyclability of the homogeneous form of catalysts based on their economic compatibility and industrial applications. Various homogeneous catalysts have been reviewed on the basis of their support or media, active centres and recyclability aspects of the catalysts. This review gives brief insights into the varied examples of different recycling techniques utilized in the past 6–7 years.
Efficient production of xylitol by the integration of multiple copies of xylose reductase gene and the deletion of Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway-associated genes to enhance NADPH regeneration in Escherichia coli
Authors: Yuan Xinsong , Wang Jiping , Lin Jianping , Yang Lirong , Wu Mianbin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Cofactor supply is a rate-limiting step in the bioconversion of xylose to xylitol. Strain WZ04 was first constructed by a novel simultaneous deletion–insertion strategy, replacing ptsG, xylAB and ptsF in wild-type Escherichia coli W3110 with three mutated xylose reductase genes (xr) from Neurospora crassa. Then, the pfkA, pfkB, pgi and/or sthA genes were deleted and replaced by xr to investigate the influence of carbon flux toward the pentose phosphate pathway and/or transhydrogenase activity on NADPH generation. The deletion of pfkA/pfkB significantly improved NADPH supply, but minimally influenced cell growth. The effects of insertion position and copy number of xr were examined by a quantitative real-time PCR and a shake-flask fermentation experiment. In a fed-batch fermentation experiment with a 15-L bioreactor, strain WZ51 produced 131.6 g L−1 xylitol from hemicellulosic hydrolysate (xylitol productivity: 2.09 g L−1 h−1). This study provided a potential approach for industrial-scale production of xylitol from hemicellulosic hydrolysate.
Life After SIRI—Where Next?
Authors: Scott E Marian , Naysmith Philip , Cook Gordon 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon (14C) dating is routinely used, yet occasionally, issues still arise surrounding laboratory offsets, and unexpected and unexplained variability. Quality assurance and quality control have long been recognized as important in addressing the two issues of comparability (or bias, accuracy) and uncertainty or variability (or precision) of measurements both within and between laboratories (Long and Kalin 1990). The 14C community and the wider user communities have supported interlaboratory comparisons as one of several strands to ensure the quality of measurements (Scott et al. 2018). The nature of the intercomparisons has evolved as the laboratory characteristics have changed s. The next intercomparison is currently being planned to take place in 2019–2020. The focus of our work in designing intercomparisons is to (1) assist laboratories by contributing to their QA/QC processes, (2) supplement and enhance our suite of reference materials that are available to laboratories, (3) provide consensus 14C values with associated (small) uncertainties for performance checking, and (4) provide estimates of laboratory offsets and error multipliers which can inform subsequent modeling and laboratory improvements.
Appreciating language conventions: thirteen-month-old Chinese infants understand that word generalization is shared practice
Authors: LIU Siying , SUN Renji 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLanguage is conventional because word meanings are shared among different people. The present study examined Chinese infants’ understanding of the language convention that different people should generalize words in the same way. Thirteen-month-old Mandarin-speaking Chinese infants repeatedly viewed a speaker providing a novel label for a target object in the presence of a distractor object. Next, the objects changed colour and infants viewed the same speaker and a new speaker providing the label for either the different coloured target or distractor. They were also asked by both speakers to locate the correct referent of the label. Results revealed that infants expected both speakers to generalize the label to objects that belonged to the target category. This is the first evidence demonstrating that Chinese infants perceive word generalization as a form of shared convention.
L’Amérique des Lumières et la hiérarchie des races
Authors: Sebastiani Silvia 
Published: April 2019

RésuméDans les années 1780, la querelle du Nouveau Monde est marquée par l’émergence des voix créoles, dont la prise en considération redessine la matrice intellectuelle, politique et économique de la pensée moderne de la race au sein de l’espace atlantique. On s’appuie sur l’étude de la florissante entreprise commerciale écossaise, l’Encyclopaedia Britannica, dont les différentes éditions permettent de suivre les évolutions de l’article « America ». On analyse les logiques qui ont conduit les éditeurs à abandonner la référence philosophique et épistémologique aux Lumières écossaises de William Robertson, au profit de l’histoire antiquaire proposée par Francisco Xavier Clavijero, ex-jésuite créole, exilé dans les États pontificaux. La nouvelle cartographie des savoirs qui sous-tend l’entreprise conduit à une classification raciale, qui associe Écriture et histoire providentielle.
EL CONCEPTO DE XOCHIYAOYOTL EN EL MUNDO PREHISPÁNICO SEGÚN LAS RELACIONES DE CHIMALPAHIN CUAUHTLEHUANITZIN
Authors: Alicino Laura 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLa guerra florida es considerada un conflicto en el cual se enfrentaron, durante muchos años, la Triple Alianza Azteca y los reinos del valle tlaxcalteco-poblano. Por mucho tiempo la xochiyaoyotl se ha estudiado como una guerra ritual, prolongada en el tiempo y basada en un recíproco acuerdo. Según las teorías críticas que avaloran esta tesis, el fin de la xochiyaoyotl era obtener las víctimas cuyo sacrificio proveía la alimentación de los dioses. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas del siglo XX, gracias al descubrimiento y a la traducción de nuevos documentos relativos a la historia prehispánica, el concepto ritual y religioso de la xochiyaoyotl ha empezado a cuestionarse. La fuente que otorga más detalles sobre la xochiyaoyotl es la obra del cronista chalca Domingo Chimalpahin. Este testimonio da evidencia de enfrentamientos llamados xochiyaoyotl precedentes al reinado de Motecuhzoma Ilhuicamina, en que estuvieron involucrados primeramente chalcas y tlacochcalcas y, después, los mexicas. A través del análisis del testimonio de Chimalpahin este estudio busca matizar las teorías acerca de la finalidad puramente ritual de la xochiyaoyotl, avanzando como hipótesis que los mexicas se adueñaron del concepto de xochiyaoyotl, desarrollándolo conforme a las nuevas necesidades políticas sobrevenidas.
Effect of Ultra-Small Chitosan Nanoparticles Doped with Brimonidine on the Ultra-Structure of the Trabecular Meshwork of Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Barwal Indu , Kumar Rahul , Dada Tanuj , Yadav Subhash Chandra 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBrimonidine, an anti-glaucoma medicine, acts as an adrenergic agonist which decreases the synthesis of aqueous humour and increases the amount of drainage through Schlemm's canal and trabecular meshwork, but shows dose-dependent (0.2% solution thrice daily) toxicity. To reduce the side effects and improve the efficacy, brimonidine was nanoencapsulated on ultra-small-sized chitosan nanoparticles (nanobrimonidine) (28 ± 4 nm) with 39% encapsulation efficiency, monodispersity, freeze–thawing capability, storage stability, and 2% drug loading capacity. This nanocomplex showed burst, half, and complete release at 0.5, 45, and 100 h, respectively. Nanobrimonidine did not show anyin vitrotoxicity and was taken up by caveolae-mediated endocytosis. The nanobrimonidine-treated trabeculectomy tissue of glaucoma patients showed better dilation of the trabecular meshwork under the electron microscope. This is direct evidence for better bioavailability of nanobrimonidine after topical administration. Thus, the developed nanobrimonidine has the potential to improve the efficacy, reduce dosage and frequency, and improve delivery to the anterior chamber of the eye.
A survey on the current clinical application and practice of helical tomotherapy in mainland China
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Dai Jianrong , Qiu Tinglin , Zhang Ye , Shi Jufang , Hu Zhihui , Chen Bo , Gao Ting , Wang Luhua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAim:To assess helical tomotherapy (TOMO) current clinical application and practice in mainland China.Materials and methods:Data were collected for all TOMO units clinically operational in mainland China by 30 April 2016, including (a) the distribution of installation and staffing levels; (b) types of cancers treated; (c) utilisation efficiency; (d) quality assurance; (e) maintenance; (f) optional features; and (g) satisfaction levels. The data were collected as a census and analysed qualitatively and quantitatively.Results:As of 30 April 2016, 23 TOMO units were used clinically by 22 hospitals in mainland China. In the same period, 22,558 cancer patients were treated. For TOMO units with more than a year of clinical utilisation, a median of 378 cases were treated annually per machine. The median daily operation was 10·5 hours, and treatment headcount was 38·3 patients. The median service outage rate was 2·6%, and the most common cause was malfunction of the multi-leaf collimator. In terms of overall satisfaction levels, 3 hospitals were very satisfied, 16 were satisfied and 3 considered their satisfaction level as average.Findings:The overall operation of TOMO is good, but there are some problems due to running at full capacity, lack of clinical efficacy research and insufficient quality assurance regulations.
Azimuthal Variation in the Io Plasma Torus Observed by the Hisaki Satellite From 2013 to 2016
Authors: Tsuchiya F. , Arakawa R. , Misawa H. , Kagitani M. , Koga R. , Suzuki F. , Hikida R. , Yoshioka K. , Steffl A. , Bagenal F. , Delamere P. , Kimura T. , Kasaba Y. , Murakami G. , Yoshikawa I. , Yamazaki A. , Yoneda M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the Jovian magnetosphere, sulfur and oxygen ions supplied by the satellite Io are distributed in the so‐called Io plasma torus. The plasma torus is located in the inner area of the magnetosphere and the plasma in the torus corotates with the planet. The density and the temperature of the plasma in the torus have significant azimuthal variations. In this study, data from three‐year observations obtained by the Hisaki satellite, from December 2013 to August 2016, were used to investigate statistically the azimuthal variations and to find out whether the variations were influenced by the increase in neutral particles from Io. The azimuthal variation was obtained from a time series of sulfur ion line ratios, which were sensitive to the electron temperature and the sulfur ion mixing ratio S3+/S+. The major characteristics of the azimuthal variation in the plasma parameters were consistent with the dual hot electron model, proposed to explain previous observations. On the other hand, the Hisaki data showed that the peak System III longitude in the S3+/S+ ratio was located not only around 0°–90°, as in previous observations, but also around 180°–270°. The rotation period, the System IV periodicity, was sometimes close to the Jovian rotation period. Persistent input of energy to electrons in a limited longitude range of the torus is associated with the shortening of the System IV period.
FBX8 degrades GSTP1 through ubiquitination to suppress colorectal cancer progression
Authors: FeiFei Wang , HongHai Xu , YongRong Yan , PingXiang Wu , JianHua Wu , XiaoHui Zhu , JiaoYing Li , JingBo Sun , Kun Zhou , XiaoLi Ren , Lu Qi , XiaoLiang Lan , ZhiQiang Cheng , Na Tang , WenTing Liao , YanQing Ding , Li Liang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractF-box only protein 8 (FBX8), as a critical component of the SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligases, has been associated with several malignancies through interacting with a member of proteins. However, the substrates of FBX8 for destruction in the progression of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) need to be explored. Here, we show that loss of FBX8 accelerates chemical-induced colon tumorigenesis. FBX8 directly targets GSTP1 for ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation in CRC. GSTP1 promotes the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of CRC cells. Furthermore, GSTP1 is upregulated in CRC tissue samples and predicts poor prognosis of CRC patients. The inactivation of FBX8 negatively correlated with increased levels and stability of GSTP1 in clinical CRC tissues and FBX8 knockout transgenic mice. These findings identify a novel ubiquitination pathway as FBX8-GSTP1 axis that regulates the progression of CRC, which might be a potential prognostic biomarker for CRC patients.