bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verteilungsstudien mit 14C-Diazepam (Valium) am trächtigen und laktierenden Kaninchen
Authors: Preil P. , Meißner J. 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
14C-markiertes Diazepam wird trächtigen Kaninchen in einmaliger Dosis, säugenden Kaninchen in wiederholten Dosen intravenös appliziert. Zu variierten Zeiten nach der Injektion im Bereich von 10—120 Minuten bei den graviden und 8 Stunden bei den säugenden Tieren wird das Radioaktivitätsverteilungsmuster im Muttertier, in den Feten bzw. in den Jungtieren ermittelt. Auf Grund des metabolischen Verhaltens des Pharmakons kann bei den so festgelegten Versuchszeitabläufen die aufgefundene Radioaktivität noch dem Wirkstoff selbst oder wirksamen Metaboliten zugeschrieben werden.Die Substanz wird schnell im mütterlichen Organismus verteilt und bevorzugt über die Leber ausgeschieden. Eine beträchtliche 14C-Anreicherung gegenüber dem Blutspiegel findet sich während des gesamten Versuchszeitraumes in dem für die Diazepamanwendung besonders bedeutsamen Hirn. In den Radioaktivitätsverteilungsmustern finden sich Hinweise für eine Organotropie des Diazepams zum Ovar. Auch eine schnelle Plazentapassage ist nachzuweisen. Die im Blut und in den Organen der Feten ermittelten 14C-Konzentrationen liegen aber allgemein niedriger als in den mütterlichen Organen. So beträgt die 14C-Konzentration im fetalen Gehirn etwa ⅓ der des mütterlichen Gehirns. Infolge der mammoglandulären Passage werden im saugenden Jungtier maximal halb so hohe 14C-Konzentrationen wie bei der Mutter erreicht.
Diagnosis of Superior Vena Caval Obstruction without Syndrome
Authors: Kehr M. D. , Petrovich Z. , Krishnamurthy G. T. , Blahd W. H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTen patients with known malignant intra-thoracic tumors and no evidence of superior vena cava syndrome were evaluated by means of scintillation camera superior venacavograms. Four of the ten patients proved to have unsuspected involvement of the superior vena cava or its tributaries. The scintillation camera superior venacavogram provides a quick, safe, and accurate method of evaluating the patency of the SVC and its tributaries. We suggest that it should be routinely performed on all patients prior to beginning radiation therapy for malignant intra-thoracic tumors.
Verteilungsstudie mit 57Co-, 51Cr-, 111In- und 99mTc-Bleomycin in Mäusen mit einem soliden Ehrlich-Karzinom
Authors: Hale T. , Zimmermann M. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungAnhand der Verteilungsstudie von 57Co-, 51Cr-, 111In-und 99mTc-Bleomycin an 282 Mäusen mit einem soliden Ehrlich-Karzinom ist 57Co-Bleomycin am besten zur allgemeinen Tumorszintigraphie geeignet. Die Beobachtung über einen nahezu linearen 111In-Einbau in das Tumorgewebe (8—48 Std. post in-jektionem) stellt möglicherweise ein Hilfsmittel zur Objektivierung histologischer Differenzen und therapeutischer Maßnahmen im malignen Gewebe dar.
Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in patients with cat-scratch disease
Authors: Piswanger-Soelkner C. , Lipp R. W. , Daxböck F. , Schnedl W. J. , Hoier S. , Reisinger E. C. , Krause R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAim: Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy images various neoplastic, granulomatous, and auto-immun diseases. Cat-scratch disease in an infectious granulomatous disease usually affecting the lymphnodes. It is not known whether cat-scratch disease provides positive somatostatin receptor scintigrams. Patients, methods: Twelve patients with lymphadenitis and suspected cat-scratch disease were investigated by immunofluorescence antibody testing and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. Suppurated lymphnodes were extracted or drained and Bartonella henselae specific PCR was then performed. Results: Eleven of 12 patients showed IgG antibodies against B. henselea. SRS showed positive scintigraphic results in 6 of 11 patients with CSD. B. henselae DNA was detected in tissue of lymphnodes from 4 of 5 patients with lymphnode extraction or lymphnode drainage. SRS demonstrated positive scintigrams in all patients with a positive PCR. In one patient with suspected CSD SRS was negative as well as antibody testing. Conclusion: Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy correlated with positive Bartonella henselae specific PCR tests and positive Bartonella henselae specific antibody tests in patients with CSD.
Therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma with iodine-131-lipiodol
Authors: Rabe C. , Pauleit D. , Reichmann K. , Menzel C. , Grünwald F. , Strunk H. , Biersack H.-J. , Palmedo H. , Risse J. H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAim: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of iodine- 131-lipiodol (131I-lipiodol) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in German long term patients and comparison with medically treated controls. Patients, Methods: 38 courses of intra-arterial 131I-lipiodol therapy with a total activity up to 6.7 GBq were performed in 18 patients with HCC (6 with portal vein thrombosis). Liver and tumour volume and lipiodol deposition were measured by computed tomography and 131I activity by scintigraphy. Therapeutic efficacy was determined by tumour volume change and matched-pairs analysis in comparison to medically (i.e. tamoxifen or medical support) treated patients. Results: Tumour volume decreased in 20/32 index nodules (63%) after the first course. Repeated therapy frequently resulted in further tumour reduction. Overall response to treatment was partial in 11 nodules, minor response in 4 nodules, and disease was stable in 12 and progressive in 5. Significant response was associated with pretherapeutic nodule volume up to 150 ml (diameter of 6.6 cm). Survival rate after 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 36 months was 78, 61, 50, 39, 17, and 6%. Matched-pairs analysis of survival revealed 131I-lipiodol to be superior to medical treatment. The most important side effect was a pancreatitis-like syndrome whereas overall tolerance was good. Conclusion: The long term results confirm that HCC therapy with 131I-lipiodol is effective and probably superior to medical treatment. Tumour nodules of up to 6 cm diameter are well suited for this therapy even in the presence of portal vein thrombosis.
Neurocognition and PET
Authors: Mottaghy F. M. , Schmidt D. , Müller H.-W. , Krause B. J. , Hautzel H. 
Published: March 2018

Summary:
Aim: In cognitive neuroscience regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) imaging with positron-emission-tomography (PET) is a powerful tool to characterize different aspects of cognitive processes by using different data analysis approaches. By use of an n-back verbal working memory task (varied from 0- to 3-back) we present cognitive subtraction analysis as basic strategy as well as parametric and covariance analyses and discuss the results. Methods: Correlation analyses were performed using the individual performance rate as an external covariate, computing inter-regional correlations, and as network analysis applying structural equation modelling to evaluate the effective connectivity between the involved brain regions. Results: Subtraction analyses revealed a fronto-parietal neuronal network also including the anterior cingulate cortex and the cerebellum. With higher memory load the parametric analysis evidenced linear rCBF increases in prefrontal, pre-motor and inferior parietal areas including the precuneus as well as in the anterior cingulate cortex. The rCBF correlation with the individual performance as external covariate depicted negative correlations in bilateral prefrontal and inferior parietal regions, in the precuneus and the anterior cingulate cortex. The network analysis demonstrated mainly occipito-frontally directed interactions which were predominantly left-hemispheric. Additionally, strong linkages were found between extrastriate and parietal regions as well as within the parietal cortex. Conclusion: The data analysis approaches presented here contribute to an extended and more elaborated understanding of cognitive processes and their different sub-aspects.
18F-FDG PET: early postoperative period of oro-maxillo-facial flaps
Authors: Schultes G. , Wolf G. , Yamashita Y. , Sorantin E. , Kärcher H. , Aigner R. M. 
Published: March 2018

Summary:
Aim: We addressed the feasibility of FDG-PET to differentiate between viability and non-viability in the immediate postoperative assessment of flaps (autologous microvascular anastomosed pedicled flaps) in oro-maxillo-facial surgery. Methods: 3-7 days after surgery, FDG-PET was done in 38 patients who had received flaps for reconstruction of the mandible after partial resection. The studies were done on a dedicated full ring PET-scanner (ECAT EXACT HR+, Siemens/CTI). Acquisition started between 60 and 80 min post injection. The findings of the soft tissue component of the flaps were grouped using a three point scale: (I) no defect, (II) small defects, (III) one large defect. The results of PET were compared with the clinical course for at least 3 months. Results: “No defect” on the FDG-PET study identified viability of the flap and predicted normal clinical follow-up (22/38 patients). “Small defects” visualized areas of decreased perfusion and decreased glucose metabolism indicating risk of non-viability (13/38 patients); adapting the postsurgical management led to delayed but uncomplicated healing of the flaps in these patients. “One large defect” demonstrated early necrosis of the flap (3/38 patients). After removal and replacement of this necrotic portion of the flap the second FDG-PET scan of these 3 patients demonstrated the uncomplicated post-operative healing. Conclusion: FDG-PET facilitated the assessment of viability and non viability of flaps in the immediate postsurgical period, and demonstrated the usefulness of FDG-PET for postoperative care and prognosis.
Reduction of the LVEF measured with gSPECT after 1-3 hours after physical exercise in CAD
Authors: Stefaniak B. , Poniatowicz-Frasunek E. , Tarkowska A. , Cholewinski W. 
Published: March 2018

Summary:Aim: It has been shown that exercise may lead to the myocardial stunning with reduction of LVEF, persisting for some time despite recovery of perfusion. The aim of this study was to check whether the post-stress decrease of LVEF lasts as long as 3 h after exercise. Patients, methods: The study was performed in 46 patients with CAD and in 10 normals (NMS). All patients underwent myocardial gSPECT after 99mTc-tetrofosmin injection at rest and during stress with 2-day protocol. SPECT was started 1h after tracer injection at rest (R) and twice: 1h (S1) and 3hs (S3) after injection at stress. LVEF was calculated by the method of Germano et al. Results: All LVEF values were significantly lower in CAD patients than in the control group. In NMS mean LVEF was at rest similar to those obtained 1 h and 3 h after stress injection (59.0 ± 4.1, 60.0 ± 5.9, 58.0 ± 4.6, respectively; p >0.05). A post-exercise decrease of LVEF was observed in 2 normal patients both at S1 and at S3. In CAD group LVEF values were lower at S1 than at R (50.8 ± 13.6 versus 49.3 ± 12.8; p <0.05) and at S3 were lower than at S1 (49.3 ± 12.8 versus 46.0 ± 12.2;p <0.001). A significant decrease of LVEF was found in 18/46 patients 1 h post stress and in 36/46 3 h post stress. In patients with reversible perfusion decrease, a significant correlation was found between post-exercise deterioration of perfusion and post-exercise LVEF reduction both at S1 (r = 0.744; p <0.02) and at S3 (r = 0.734; p <0.02). Stress induced decrease in LVEF correlated also with severity of perfusion abnormalities. Conclusions: In the majority of patients with CAD physical stress applied for diagnostic purposes results in an impairment of the LV function. A decrease of the LVEF is observed 1 h after exercise, but it increases in frequency and grows stronger during the next 2 h. The post-stress LVEF reduction is related to the severity of perfusion abnormalities. Patients with CAD who underwent diagnostic stress test should remain under observation during several hours after termination of exercise.
Procedure guidelines for dynamic renal scintigraphy
Authors: Moser E. , Zajic T. 
Published: March 2018

Summary:This procedure guideline describes the procedures for dynamic renal scintigraphy with 99mTc-MAG3, 123I-hippuran and 99mTc-DTPA. Common clinical applications as well as a detailed description of the procedure are given. It also includes explanations and hints concerning the analysis, evaluation, interpretation, and presentation of the findings.
Spectrometric assessment of thyroid depth within the radioiodine test
Authors: Bormuth F.-J. , Schroth H.-J. , Braun S. , Zimny M. , Rink T. 
Published: March 2018

Summary:Aim of this study is the validation of a simple method for evaluating the depth of the target volume within the radioiodine test by analyzing the emitted iodine-131 energy spectrum. Patients, methods: In a total of 250 patients (102 with a solitary autonomous nodule, 66 with multifocal autonomy, 29 with disseminated autonomy, 46 with Graves’ disease, 6 for reducing goiter volume and 1 with only partly resectable papillary thyroid carcinoma), simultaneous uptake measurements in the Compton scatter (210 ±110 keV) and photopeak (364–45/+55 keV) windows were performed over one minute 24 hours after application of the 3 MBq test dose, with subsequent calculation of the respective count ratios. Measurements with a water-filled plastic neck phantom were carried out to perceive the relationship between these quotients and the average source depth and to get a calibration curve for calculating the depth of the target volume in the 250 patients for comparison with the sonographic reference data. Another calibration curve was obtained by evaluating the results of 125 randomly selected patient measurements to calculate the source depth in the other half of the group. Results: The phantom measurements revealed a highly significant correlation (r = 0,99) between the count ratios and the source depth. Using these calibration data, a good relationship (r = 0,81, average deviation 6 mm corresponding to 22%) between the spectrometric and the sonographic depths was obtained. When using the calibration curve resulting from the 125 patient measurements, the average deviation in the other half of the group was only 3 mm (12%). There was no difference between the disease groups. Conclusion: The described method allows an easy to use depth correction of the uptake measurements providing good results.
PET with 18F-DOPA in the imaging of parathyroid adenoma in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Lange-Nolde A. , Zajic T. , Slawik M. , Reincke M. , Moser E. , Hoegerle S. , Brink I. 
Published: March 2018

Summary:Preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas (PA) can shorten operation time and improve curative rate; it becomes especially important in minimally invasive surgical techniques. Aim of this study was to investigate whether positron emission tomography (PET) with 3-,4-dihydroxy- 6-18F-fluorophenylalanine (18F-DOPA), which showed very promising results in other neuroendocrine tumours, also helps to localize PA. Patients, methods: Eight patients with proven primary hyperparathyroidism were studied preoperatively with PET. Seven also underwent scintigraphy with 99mTc-MIBI and ultrasonography of the neck. All patients were operated and the histological finding was used as a gold standard. Results: All eight patients had a histologically proven PA. None of the PA showed any detectable uptake of 18F-DOPA. However, ultrasonography detected 5/7 PA, scintigraphy detected 3/7 PA. Conclusion: These results suggest that PET with 18F-DOPA is not useful in the detection of PA in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Lithium as an adjunct to radioiodine therapy in Graves’ disease for prolonging the intrathyroidal effective half-life of radioiodine
Authors: Künstner H. , Nabavi E. , Eberlein U. , Groth P. , Schümichen C. , Dunkelmann S. 
Published: March 2018

Summary:Aim: Evaluation of intrathyroidal kinetics of radioiodine with and without lithium as adjunct with respect to the increase in radiation dose delivered to the thyroid. Patients, methods: 267 patients in three groups were included in the study. Group I with 227 patients served as control group, Group II with 21 patients and Group III with 19 patients were distinguished by an intrathyroidal half-life of radioiodine below 3.5 days in the diagnostic test. Patients in Group III received 885 mg lithium carbonate a day for 2 weeks as adjunct to radioiodine therapy. Both diagnostic and therapeutic radioiodine kinetics were followed up by at least 10 uptake measurements within a minimum of 48 h. Kinetics of radioiodine were defined mathematically as balance of the thyroidal iodine intake and excretion by a twocompartment model. Results: Under therapy the maximum uptake of radioiodine was reduced by nearly 10% in all groups, in Group I, the effective half-life as well as the product of maximum uptake x effective half-life as an equivalent of radiation dose independent of thyroid volume was lowered in the same magnitude. In Group II, the energy- dose equivalent remained constant under therapy. With adjunct lithium in Group III, the effective half-life was prolonged significantly by factor 1.61 ± 0.49 and the volume- independent energy-dose equivalent by factor 1.39 ± 0.37. No severe side effects of lithium were observed. Conclusion: Using lithium as adjunct to radioiodine therapy increases the radiation dose delivered to the thyroid by 39% on average and nearly 30% of radioiodine activity can be saved in these patients. Lithium is recommended in patients with very short effective half-life in the diagnostic test in order to reduce the activity required and whole-body radiation dose.
Biological dosimetry after yttrium-90 citrate colloid radiosynoviorthesis
Authors: Voth M. , Lengsfeld P. , Stephan G. , Schmid E. , Klett R. 
Published: March 2018

Summary:Radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) with the β-particle-emitting nuclide yttrium-90 is an established concept for the treatment of persistent synovitis of the knee joint. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological radiation effect on the basis of a characteristic radiation parameter. Patients, methods: After RSO procedures with yttrium-90 citrate colloid and subsequent immobilisation of the knee, blood specimens of 10 patients were collected immediately before RSO and 11 to 13 days after the intervention. The yield of dicentric chromosomes in the lymphocytes was determined exclusively in metaphases of the first cell cycle in vitro. In addition, activity leakage was measured by wholebody bremsstrahlung-scintigraphy. Results: No statistically significant increase in the number of dicentric chromosomes (26 before treatment and 34 after treatment) in 20 192 cells analyzed from the 20 blood samples could be found as a result of RSO. However, the analysis of at least 1000 cells per blood sample demonstrates a tendency for a biological radiation effect in the blood of patients on the basis of this characteristic radiation parameter. Two of the 10 RSO patients had undergone a second RSO using yttrium- 90 citrate, whereby one patient displayed activity transport out of the knee joint, amounting to 6 MBq. Only for him a radiation effect (about 130 mGy per single RSO) could be calculated by biological dosimetry. Conclusion: Since in general, based on the analysis of dicentric chromosomes in at least 1000 lymphocytes per individual, detection limits for groups of persons after long-term exposures to low-LET radiation of 50-100 mGy are possible, we assume that RSO with yttrium-90 should be associated with a low whole-body radiation exposure.
Early changes of thyroid hormone concentrations after 131I therapy in Graves’ patients pretreated or not with methimazole
Authors: Zaletel K. , Gaberšček S. , Fidler V. , Hojker S. , Pirnat E. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAim: Despite extensive use of 131I therapy for Graves’ hyperthyroidism the treatment regimen with 131I and antithyroid drugs remain under discussion. In our prospective clinical study we followed acute thyroid hormone changes after 131I in patients not pretreated with methimazole (MMI) and in patients with different MMI pretreatment regimens. Patients, methods: 187 patients were treated with fixed activity of 550 or 740 MBq of 131I. First group (71 patients) received 131I alone. In the second group (57 patients) MMI was stopped seven days before 131I. The third group (59 patients) received MMI until 131I application. Initial free triiodothyronin and free thyroxin were measured in the second group 7 and 2 days before 131I therapy and in all three groups on the day of 131I application as well as 2, 5, 12, and 30 days afterwards. Absorbed dose was measured in each patient. Results: In the non-pretreated group 131I application was followed by a significant decrease of fT4 in 5 days and of fT3 in 2 days, higher reduction was detected in patients with higher baseline values. In MMI pretreated patients significant but clinically irrelevant increase of both thyroid hormones was detected with maximum value 7 days after discontinuation in the second group and 5 days after discontinuation in the third group. Additionally, in patients of the third group absorbed dose of 131I was significantly lower relative to other two groups. We found no correlation between absorbed dose of 131I and thyroid hormone changes. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that 131I application alone does not result in exacerbation of hyperthyroidism and therefore it may be considered as safe. Additionally, MMI withdrawal causes significant but clinically irrelevant elevation of thyroid hormones.
Assessment of endocrine disorders of the hypothalamicpituitary axis by nuclear medicine techniques
Authors: Jockenhövel F. , Theissen P. , Dietlein M. , Krone W. , Schicha H. , Schmidt M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe following article reviews nuclear medicine techniques which can be used for assessment of endocrine disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. For planar and SPECT imaging somatostatin-receptor- and dopamine- D2-receptor-scintigraphy are the most widely distributed techniques. These nuclear medicine techniques may be indicated in selected cases to answer differential diagnostic problems. They can be helpful to search for presence and localization of receptor positive tissue. Furthermore they can detect metastasis in the rare cases of a pituitary carcinoma. Scintigraphy with Gallium-67 is suitable for further diagnostic evaluation in suspected hypophysitis. Other SPECT radiopharmaca do not have relevant clinical significance. F-18-FDG as PET radiopharmacon is not ideal because obvious pituitary adenomas could not be visualized. Other PET radiopharmaca including C-11-methionine, C-11-tyrosine, F-18-fluoroethylspiperone, C-11-methylspiperone, and C-11-raclopride are available in specialized centers only. Overall indications for nuclear medicine in studies for the assessment of endocrine disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis are rare. Original studies often report only about a small number of patients. According to the authors’ opinion the relevance of nuclear medicine in studies of clinically important endocrinologic fields, e. g. localization of small ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas, tumor localization in ectopic ACTH syndrome, localization of recurrent pituitary tissue, assessment of small incidentalomas, can not be definitely given yet.
Orbitale Komplikationen von Nasennebenhöhlenentzündungen im Kindesalter
Authors: Sterker Ina , Dietz Andreas , Müller Heidrun 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungWährend die akute Otitis media zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen des Kindesalters gehört, ist die bakterielle Sinusitis bei Kindern und Jugendlichen deutlich seltener, jedoch eine ernste Erkrankung, die bei inadäquater Therapie zu lebensbedrohlichen Komplikationen führen kann. Für dieses Krankheitsbild gilt, dass die genaue Kenntnis der Pathogenese Voraussetzung für eine effektive Behandlung ist.Neben der Wiederherstellung der Sekretdrainage und Belüftung aller Nasennebenhöhlen ist die Auswahl des Antibiotikums von entscheidender Bedeutung. Dem Keimspektrum und der Resistenzentwicklung gehört größte Aufmerksamkeit. Sowohl aerobe als auch anaerobe Erreger und Pilze müssen in die Betrachtung einbezogen werden.