bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing ferromagnetic order in few-fermion correlated spin-flip dynamics
Authors: Koutentakis G M , Mistakidis S I , Schmelcher P 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We unravel the dynamical stability of a fully polarized one-dimensional ultracold few-fermion spin-1/2 gas subjected to inhomogeneous driving of the itinerant spins. Despite the unstable character of the total spin-polarization the existence of an interaction regime is demonstrated where the spin-correlations lead to almost maximally aligned spins throughout the dynamics. The resulting ferromagnetic order emerges from the build up of superpositions of states of maximal total spin. They comprise a decaying spin-polarization and a dynamical evolution towards an almost completely unpolarized NOON-like state. Via single-shot simulations we demonstrate that our theoretical predictions can be detected in state-of-the-art ultracold experiments.
Particle and salinity sensing for the marine environment via deep learning using a Raspberry Pi
Authors: Grant-Jacob James A , Xie Yunhui , Mackay Benita S , Praeger Matthew , McDonnell Michael D T , Heath Daniel J , Loxham Matthew , Eason Robert W , Mills Ben 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The identification of mixtures of particles in a solution via analysis of scattered light can be a complex task, due to the multiple scattering effects between different sizes and types of particles. Deep learning offers the capability for solving complex problems without the need for a physical understanding of the underlying system, and hence offers an elegant solution. Here, we demonstrate the application of convolutional neural networks for the identification of the concentration of microparticles (silicon dioxide and melamine resin) and the solution salinity, directly from the scattered light. The measurements were carried out in real-time using a Raspberry Pi, light source, camera, and neural network computation, hence demonstrating a portable and low-cost environmental marine sensor.
Open Agile text mining for bioinformatics: the PubAnnotation ecosystem
Authors: Kim Jin-Dong , Wang Yue , Fujiwara Toyofumi , Okuda Shujiro , Callahan Tiffany J , Cohen K Bretonnel 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Most currently available text mining tools share two characteristics that make them less than optimal for use by biomedical researchers: they require extensive specialist skills in natural language processing and they were built on the assumption that they should optimize global performance metrics on representative datasets. This is a problem because most end-users are not natural language processing specialists and because biomedical researchers often care less about global metrics like F-measure or representative datasets than they do about more granular metrics such as precision and recall on their own specialized datasets. Thus, there are fundamental mismatches between the assumptions of much text mining work and the preferences of potential end-users.

Results
This article introduces the concept of Agile text mining, and presents the PubAnnotation ecosystem as an example implementation. The system approaches the problems from two perspectives: it allows the reformulation of text mining by biomedical researchers from the task of assembling a complete system to the task of retrieving warehoused annotations, and it makes it possible to do very targeted customization of the pre-existing system to address specific end-user requirements. Two use cases are presented: assisted curation of the GlycoEpitope database, and assessing coverage in the literature of pre-eclampsia-associated genes.

Availability and implementation
The three tools that make up the ecosystem, PubAnnotation, PubDictionaries and TextAE are publicly available as web services, and also as open source projects. The dictionaries and the annotation datasets associated with the use cases are all publicly available through PubDictionaries and PubAnnotation, respectively.
Revisiting the Breath of Life Theory
Authors: Blackstock Cindy 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhilst theorists in physics have been striving for a ‘theory of everything’ to explain the interconnections of matter across time and space (Hawking, 2006), western social theories are largely segmented and situated within a limited scope of time and space with little attention to the multiple dimensions of reality that western physics and indigenous knowledge have already validated (Blackstock, 2009a,b). Ten years ago, I developed the Breath of Life theory (Blackstock, 2011) to provoke a conversation about Indigenous ontological approaches that place human experience in an interconnected web of reality across time, space and dimensions of reality. The overall goal was to engage other theorists into the communal building of a ‘theory of everything’ to inform social sciences and to highlight the richness of Indigenous ontology and epistemology. This article revisits the Breath of Life theory and argues that a greater emphasis on equity within and between the relational worldview principles (Cross, 2007) would be a useful modification.
FA08.05: LOSS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS IN FOLLOW UP IN PALLIATIVELY STENTED ESOPHAGEAL CANCER PATIENTS PREDICTS WORSE OUTCOME
Authors: Järvinen Tommi , Ilonen Ilkka , Räsänen Jari 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Advanced esophageal cancer often causes malignant obstruction, which is widely treated with palliative insertion of a self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS). The purpose of this study was to assess, in patients who had received SEMS for palliation of malignant obstruction caused by advanced esophageal cancer, the prognostic significance of loss of muscle mass during follow up.

Methods
118 patients were included. 58 (49,2%) patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 52 (44,1%) adenocarcinoma and 8 (6,7%) other histology. Two sets of abdominal CT scans of EC patients who had a stent inserted for palliation of malignant obstruction between 2005 and 2013 were analyzed (N = 118). First scan was taken at stent insertion. Median time difference between scans was 92 days. The cross-sectional total muscle area (TMA) at the level of L3 was assessed and skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated by dividing the TMA with the square of the patients height in cm. Follow up lasted until death for all of the 118 patients.

Results
Median overall survival (OS) was 188 days (IQR: 124–255 days). Median amount of weight loss during follow up was 10 kg's (IQR: 8 -16.5 kg's). Median percentual loss of SMI was 11.6% (IQR: 1.1–19.5%). Loss of more than the median amount of %SMI correlated with worse OS (187 vs. 242 days, P = 0.018), as seen in Figure 1.

Conclusion
In the setting of palliatively SEMS-treated esophageal cancer, the amount of skeletal muscle lost during follow up correlates with worse prognosis.

Disclosure
All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
PS01.169: RADICAL ESOPHAGECTOMY COMBINED WITH RESECTION OF INVADED DESCENDING AORTA FOR T4 BARRETT’S ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Authors: Yajima Satoshi , Shimada Hideaki , Suzuki Takashi , Nanami Tatsuki , Oshima Yoko , Shiratori Fumiaki 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Esophageal cancer invading the descending aorta is a frequent subset of locally advanced unresectable esophageal cancer. Radical resection combined with removal of the descending aorta may be the only possible surgical approach for such tumors.

Methods
[Case report] A 58-year-old man who complained of dysphagia was referred to our hospital. Esophagogastroscopy showed the presence of long-segment Barrett's esophagus 19 cm from the incisors and a type 2 tumor 29–38cm from the incisors. Computed tomography revealed that the metastatic lymph node had markedly invaded the descending aorta and showed left adrenal gland metastasis. This patient was diagnosed with Stage IV lower thoracic Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma. The patient was treated with two courses of cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil. After the chemotherapy, the main tumor, left adrenal gland metastasis and lymph node metastasis had not responded. We judged that R0 surgery was available for excision of the aorta because the distant metastasis was only left adrenal metastasis and there was no emergence of a new lesion.

Results
[Surgery] First we operated the neck and abdomen simultaneously in the supine position. Superior mediastinal dissection and esophageal transection were performed by mediastinoscope-assisted transhiatal esophagectomy technique. Removal of the left adrenal gland and abdominal esophageal transection were performed. The position of the patient was converted to the left lateral position. With left thoracotomy, the descending aorta was taped above and below the lesion. With ACT 200 or more by heparin administration, PCPC was provided. Transfer descending aorta was replaced with artificial blood vessel. After neutralization by protamine sulfate, the thoracic esophagus was safely removed. The artificial blood vessel was covered with omentum and indwelling thoracic drain was performed. Finally, an esophagocutaneous fistula was built in the anterior chest. The operation time was 14h38min, and the blood loss was 1730g with 2970ml blood transfusion. The patient stayed in the ICU for seven days and discharge was 22 days post-operative. Histopathological diagnosis is adenocarcinoma of Barrett's esophagus, 80 × 30mm, por>tub2, pT4b (aorta).

Conclusion
Bilateral thoracotomy is necessary in radical surgery for aortic infiltrating thoracic esophageal cancer, but surgical stress is excessive. A mediastinoscope-assisted transhiatal esophagectomy approach is a minimally invasive option to avoid bilateral thoracotomy.

Disclosure
All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
PS02.248: ASSESSMENT OF BODY COMPOSITION AND SARCOPENIA IN PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL CANCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Boshier Piers R , Heneghan Rachel , Markar Sheraz R , Baracos Vickie E , Low Donald E 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
There has recently been increased interest in the assessment of body composition in patients with esophageal cancer for the purpose of nutritional evaluation and prognostication. This systematic review and meta-analysis intends to summarize and critically evaluate the current literature concerning the assessment of body composition in patients with esophageal cancer and to assess its potential implication upon early and late outcomes.

Methods
A systematic literature search (up to August-2017) was conducted for studies describing the assessment of body composition in patients with esophageal and gastroesophageal junctional cancer. Meta-analysis of postoperative outcomes including long-term survival was performed using random effects models.

Results
C Twenty-nine studies reported the assessment of body composition in 3193 patients. Methods used to assess body composition in patients with esophageal cancer included: computerized tomography (n = 18 studies); bioelectrical impedance analysis (n = 10), and; dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (n = 1). Significant variability was observed in regard to study design and the criteria used to define individual parameters of body composition. Sarcopenic patients had a higher incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (7 studies, OR 2.03, 95%-CI 1.32 to 3.11, P = 0.001) after esophagectomy. Meta-analysis of six studies presenting long-term outcomes after esophagectomy identified significantly worse survival in patients who were sarcopenic (HR 1.70, 95%-CI 1.33 to 2.17, P < 0.0001; Figure 1).

Conclusion
The assessment of body composition has the potential to become a clinically useful tool that could support decision-making in patients with esophageal cancer. Current evidence is however weakened by inconsistencies in methods of assessing and reporting body composition in this patient group.

Disclosure
All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Association between place of delivery for pregnant mothers and neonatal mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chaka Eshetu E , Mekurie Mulugeta , Abdurahman Ahmed Abdulahi , Parsaeian Mahboubeh , Majdzadeh Reza 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Neonatal mortality is a major health problem mainly in the developing countries and its reduction was remain stagnant during the era of Millennium Development Goal. Current global health policies emphasize institutional deliveries as a pathway to achieving reductions in neonatal mortality in developing countries. There are inconsistent conclusions of evidence about this fact, mainly in developing countries. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the association between health facility delivery and neonatal mortality.

Methods
We systematically searched EMBASE, PubMed, ISI Web of Science and Scopus through 18 March 2018 and then updated on 14 February 2019. I2 test statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Publication bias was checked using a funnel plot and meta-bias test. Random-effects model was used to determine the pooled effect size.

Results
Nineteen articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) indicated that health facility delivery was significantly associated with the odds of neonatal mortality (OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.58). This significant inverse association was consistently found regardless of study design, geographical region and quality of the study. There is evidence of publication bias with high heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 84.5%).

Conclusion
The odds of neonatal mortality were much likely lower among those delivered at a health facility than those delivery at home. Therefore, encouraging delivery in a health facility and minimizing any barrier to health facility are important. Further longitudinal studies based on larger, more representative samples are therefore needed to further assess the underlying relationships.
Wavenumber explicit convergence analysis for finite element discretizations of general wave propagation problems
Authors: Chaumont-Frelet T , Nicaise S 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe analyse the convergence of finite element discretizations of time-harmonic wave propagation problems. We propose a general methodology to derive stability conditions and error estimates that are explicit with respect to the wavenumber $k$. This methodology is formally based on an expansion of the solution in powers of $k$, which permits to split the solution into a regular, but oscillating part, and another component that is rough, but behaves nicely when the wavenumber increases. The method is developed in its full generality and is illustrated by three particular cases: the elastodynamic system, the convected Helmholtz equation and the acoustic Helmholtz equation in homogeneous and heterogeneous media. Numerical experiments are provided, which confirm that the stability conditions and error estimates are sharp.
Sharp Constant in Third-order Hardy–Sobolev–Maz’ya Inequality in the Half Space of Dimension Seven
Authors: Hong Qing 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the sharp constant in higher-order Hardy–Sobolev–Maz’ya inequalities in the half space $\mathbb{R}^{n}_{+}$. These inequalities were recently established by Lu and Yang [26]. We prove that, in the case of dimension seven, the sharp constant in the third-order Hardy–Sobolev–Maz’ya inequality coincides with the sharp third-order Sobolev constant. This provides an analogue of the corresponding results of Benguria, Frank, and Loss [3] and Lu and Yang [26], in which the sharp constant in the first-order inequality in dimension three and the sharp constant in the second-order inequality in dimension five are addressed respectively.
Immunogenicity and Safety of a Sabin Strain–Based Inactivated Polio Vaccine: A Phase 3 Clinical Trial
Authors: Hu Yuemei , Wang Jianfeng , Zeng Gang , Chu Kai , Jiang Deyu , Zhu Fengdong , Ying Zhifang , Chen Lei , Li Changgui , Zhu Fengcai , Yin Weidong 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
The Sabin strain–based inactivated polio vaccine (sIPV) plays a vital role in eradicating poliomyelitis in developing countries.

Methods
The study was designed as a randomized, controlled, double-blinded, noninferiority trial. A total of 1200 healthy infants aged 60–90 days were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive 3 doses of either sIPV (the experimental arm) or IPV (the control arm) at days 0, 30, and 60. Immunogenicity and safety outcomes were assessed using the per-protocol and safety populations, respectively.

Results
A total of 553 and 562 participants in the sIPV and IPV groups, respectively, were included in the per-protocol population. Seroconversion rates in the sIPV and IPV groups were 98.0% and 94.1%, respectively, for type 1 poliovirus (P < .01); 94.8% and 84.0%, respectively, for type 2 (P < .01); and 98.9% and 97.7%, respectively, for type 3 (P = .11). A total of 599 and 600 participants in the sIPV and IPV groups, respectively, were included in the safety population. Fever was the most common adverse event, occurring in 61.6% and 49.8% of participants in the experimental and control arms, respectively (P < .01).

Conclusions
The sIPV demonstrated an immunogenicity profile noninferior to that of the conventional IPV and had a good safety profile.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03526978.
Integrating the Ecosystem Services Paradigm into Environmental Law: A Mechanism to Protect Mangrove Ecosystems?
Authors: Bell-James Justine 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The ecosystem services paradigm is a widely recognised concept in ecology and environmental management, but one that is not uniformly incorporated into environmental law. This article argues that the integration of this paradigm into law can assist with protection of critical environmental resources, using mangrove ecosystems as an example. This article commences with a defence of the ecosystem services paradigm, followed by a discussion of the ecosystem services provided by mangroves. It argues that a comprehensive analysis of existing laws is a necessary first step towards legal reform, and to this end, it proposes a rubric for assessment of laws and legal frameworks. This rubric is applied to laws in Queensland, Australia, as a case study. It concludes by identifying major deficiencies in the recognition of mangrove ecosystem services in existing laws, and calling for reform in this area.
Estimating the Age of Forensically Useful Blowfly, Sarconesia chlorogaster (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Using Larval Length and Weight
Authors: Lecheta Melise Cristine , Moura Mauricio Osvaldo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDetermining the age of an insect collected in a corpse is a key element to estimate the minimum postmortem interval in forensic entomology. Along with models of accumulated degree-hours, the estimation of the age based on larval weight and length is among the most common methods for this purpose. Sarconesia chlorogaster (Wiedemann, 1830), along with other Calliphoridae, is an important species in forensics in South America. However, studies analyzing the weight and length of S. chlorogaster larvae during development have not yet been done. In this work, we develop growth models based on the weight and length of larvae in different temperatures and provide formulas that can be used to estimate the age of the larvae based on the weight and length for each temperature. Larvae were reared at six temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35°C), and the measurements of larval length and weight were taken during all development until they stopped feeding. For the measurements, we attempted to use methodologies that can be easily replicated and do not require equipment that could be of difficult access. The results of this work come to complement and improve the use of S. chlorogaster in forensic applications.
Mass calibration of the CODEX cluster sample using SPIDERS spectroscopy – I. The richness–mass relation
Authors: Capasso R , Mohr J J , Saro A , Biviano A , Clerc N , Finoguenov A , Grandis S , Collins C , Erfanianfar G , Damsted S , Kirkpatrick C , Kukkola A 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We use galaxy dynamical information to calibrate the richness–mass scaling relation of a sample of 428 galaxy clusters that are members of the CODEX sample with redshifts up to z ∼ 0.7. These clusters were X-ray selected using the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) and then cross-matched to associated systems in the redMaPPer (the red sequence Matched-filter Probabilistic Percolation) catalogue from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The spectroscopic sample we analyse was obtained in the SPIDERS program and contains ∼7800 red member galaxies. Adopting NFW mass and galaxy density profiles and a broad range of orbital anisotropy profiles, we use the Jeans equation to calculate halo masses. Modelling the scaling relation as $\lambda \propto \text{A}_{\lambda } {M_{\text{200c}}}^{\text{B}_{\lambda }} ({1+z})^{\gamma _{\lambda }}$, we find the parameter constraints $\text{A}_{\lambda }=38.6^{+3.1}_{-4.1}\pm 3.9$, $\text{B}_{\lambda }=0.99^{+0.06}_{-0.07}\pm 0.04$, and $\gamma _{\lambda }=-1.13^{+0.32}_{-0.34}\pm 0.49$, where we present systematic uncertainties as a second component. We find good agreement with previously published mass trends with the exception of those from stacked weak lensing analyses. We note that although the lensing analyses failed to account for the Eddington bias, this is not enough to explain the differences. We suggest that differences in the levels of contamination between pure redMaPPer and RASS + redMaPPer samples could well contribute to these differences. The redshift trend we measure is more negative than but statistically consistent with previous results. We suggest that our measured redshift trend reflects a change in the cluster galaxy red sequence (RS) fraction with redshift, noting that the trend we measure is consistent with but somewhat stronger than an independently measured redshift trend in the RS fraction. We also examine the impact of a plausible model of correlated scatter in X-ray luminosity and optical richness, showing it has negligible impact on our results.
PeSHN1 regulates water-use efficiency and drought tolerance by modulating wax biosynthesis in poplar
Authors: Meng Sen , Cao Yang , Li Huiguang , Bian Zhan , Wang Dongli , Lian Conglong , Yin Weilun , Xia Xinli 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Wax, a hydrophobic structure that provides an effective waterproof barrier to the leaves, is an important drought adaptation trait for preventing water loss. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying wax biosynthesis in trees. Here, PeSHN1, an AP2/ethylene response factor transcription factor, was isolated from a fast-growing poplar Populus × euramericana cv. ‘Neva’ clone. To study the potential biological functions of PeSHN1, transgenic 84K poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) plants overexpressing PeSHN1 were generated. PeSHN1 overexpression resulted in decreased transpiration, increased water-use efficiency (WUE) and increased drought tolerance. The transgenic poplar plants exhibited increased wax accumulation and altered wax composition, mainly because of a substantial increase in long-chain (>C30) fatty acids, aldehydes and alkanes. Gene expression analyses revealed that many genes involved in wax biosynthesis were induced in the PeSHN1 overexpression plants. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR assays and dual luciferase assays revealed that at least one of those genes, LACS2, is likely targeted by PeSHN1. Moreover, the PeSHN1 overexpression plants maintained higher photosynthetic activity and accumulated more biomass under drought stress conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that PeSHN1 regulates both WUE and drought tolerance in poplar by modulating wax biosynthesis and that altered PeSHN1 expression could represent a novel approach (altering the wax trait on leaf surfaces to increase WUE) for breeding drought-tolerant plants.