bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arterial stiffness in people with Type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Hvelplund Kristiansen M. , Banghøj A. M. , Laugesen E. , Tarnow L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimsTo examine whether people with Type 2 diabetes with concurrent obstructive sleep apnoea have increased arterial stiffness as compared with people with Type 2 diabetes without obstructive sleep apnoea.MethodsIn a study with a case–control design, 40 people with Type 2 diabetes and treatment‐naïve moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea (Apnoea‐Hypopnoea Index ≥15) and a control group of 31 people with Type 2 diabetes without obstructive sleep apnoea (Apnoea‐Hypopnoea Index <5) were examined. Obstructive sleep apnoea status was evaluated using the ApneaLink®+ home‐monitoring device (Resmed Inc., San Diego, CA, USA), providing the Apnoea‐Hypopnoea Index scores. Arterial stiffness was assessed according to carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity using the Sphygmocor device and the oscillometric Mobil‐O‐Graph® (I.E.M. GmbH, Stolberg, Germany).ResultsCarotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity was not significantly different between participants with Type 2 diabetes with obstructive sleep apnoea and those without obstructive sleep apnoea (10.7±2.2 m/s vs 10.3±2.1 m/s; P=0.513), whereas oscillometric pulse wave velocity was significantly higher in participants with Type 2 diabetes with obstructive sleep apnoea than in those without obstructive sleep apnoea (9.5±1.0 m/s vs 8.6±1.4 m/s; P=0.002). In multiple regression analysis, age (P=0.002), gender (men; P=0.018) and HbA1c (P=0.027) were associated with carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity, and systolic blood pressure (P=0.004) and age (P<0.001) were associated with oscillometric pulse wave velocity. After adjustment, presence of obstructive sleep apnoea was not independently associated with pulse wave velocity whether assessed by tonometry or oscillometry.ConclusionIn conclusion, the present study did not find an age‐ and blood pressure‐independent association between moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea and arterial stiffness in non‐sleepy people with Type 2 diabetes. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT02482584)
Efficacy and safety of MK‐1293 insulin glargine compared with originator insulin glargine (Lantus) in type 2 diabetes: A randomized, open‐label clinical trial
Authors: Hollander Priscilla A. , Carofano Wendy L. , Lam Raymond L.H. , Golm Gregory T. , Eldor Roy , Crutchlow Michael F. , Marcos Michael C. , Rendell Marc S. , Home Philip D. , Gallwitz Baptist , Rosenstock Julio 
Published: May 2018

AimTo compare the efficacy and safety of MK‐1293 insulin glargine (Mk‐Gla) and Lantus (Sa‐Gla) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and methodsThis Phase 3, randomized, active‐controlled, open‐label, 24‐week clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02059187) enrolled 531 participants with T2DM (HbA1c ≤11.0%) either eligible for or currently taking basal insulin (≥10 U/day). Participants were randomized 1:1 to once‐daily Mk‐Gla (n = 263) or Sa‐Gla (n = 263). Titration of insulin was guided by a fasting plasma glucose (FPG)‐based dosing algorithm. The primary efficacy objective was to demonstrate the non‐inferiority of change from baseline in HbA1c (margin of 0.40% [4.4 mmol/mol]) with Mk‐Gla versus Sa‐Gla after 24 weeks. The primary safety objective was anti‐insulin antibody development after 24 weeks.ResultsFor Mk‐Gla and Sa‐Gla, the least squares (LS) mean HbA1c change from baseline (95% CI) was −1.28 (−1.41, −1.15)% (−14.0 [−15.4, −12.6] mmol/mol) and −1.30 (−1.43, −1.18)% (−14.2 [−15.6, −12.8] mmol/mol). The LS mean HbA1c difference (Mk‐Gla minus Sa‐Gla) was 0.03 (−0.12, 0.18)% (0.3 [−1.4, 1.9] mmol/mol), meeting non‐inferiority and equivalence (secondary objective) criteria. Insulin doses, FPG, and seven‐point plasma glucose profiles were similar between groups. Safety and tolerability, including anti‐insulin antibody responses, hypoglycaemia, adverse events and body weight, were similar between insulins. The efficacy and safety of Mk‐Gla and Sa‐Gla were similar both in participants who were insulin‐treated or insulin‐naïve at baseline.ConclusionsMk‐Gla and Sa‐Gla demonstrated similar efficacy and safety over 24 weeks of treatment in people with T2DM.
First detection of Diaporthe eucommiae causing leaf black blight disease on Cyclocarya paliurus
Authors: Jiang D. , He H. , Peng X. , Tao Z. , Xiao T. , Wang H. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryDuring the vegetation period (March to October) of 2013 and 2014, an outbreak of leaf black blight was observed on Cyclocarya paliurus plants in three plantations in Chengbu County, Hunan Province, China. A Diaporthe species was consistently isolated from the diseased leaflets or rachides. Based on the morphological characteristics of colony appearance, shape of conidia and conidiomata as well as sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), the fungus was identified as Diaporthe eucommiae. Pathogenicity test showed that D. eucommiae isolates caused the symptoms originally observed on those of naturally infected plants, and the pathogenic isolates were successfully re‐isolated from inoculated leaflets, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. This is the first report of D. eucommiae causing leaf black blight on C. paliurus. Laboratory screening indicated that the D. eucommiae isolates were highly sensitive to thiophanate‐methyl, chlorothalonil and iprodione, suggesting that practical use of these three fungicides has high potentials to control the leaf black blight on C. paliurus.
Ecosystem‐based forecasts of recruitment in two menhaden species
Authors: Deyle Ethan , Schueller Amy M , Ye Hao , Pao Gerald M , Sugihara George 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGulf (Brevoortia patronus, Clupeidae) and Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus, Clupeidae) support large fisheries that have shown substantial variability over several decades, in part, due to dependence on annual recruitment. Nevertheless, traditional stock–recruitment relationships lack predictive power for these stocks. Current management of Atlantic menhaden explicitly treats recruitment as a random process. However, traditional methods for understanding recruitment variability carry the very specific hypothesis that the effect of adult biomass on subsequent recruitment occurs independently of other ecosystem factors such as food availability and predation. Here, we evaluate the predictability of menhaden recruitment using a model‐free approach that is not restricted by these strong assumptions. We find that menhaden recruitment is predictable, but only when allowing for interdependence of stock with other ecological factors. Moreover, while the analysis confirms the presence of environmental effects, the environment alone does not readily account for the complexity of menhaden recruitment dynamics. The findings set the stage for revisiting recruitment prediction in management and serve as an instructive example in the ongoing debate about how to best treat and understand recruitment variability across species and fisheries.
Prospective plasma efavirenz concentration assessment in Chinese HIV‐infected adults enrolled in a large multicentre study
Authors: Guo F , Cheng X , Hsieh E , Du X , Fu Q , Peng W , Li Y , Song X , Routy J‐P , Li T 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesFew studies have explored the optimal dosing for efavirenz in individuals from China. We investigated plasma efavirenz concentrations and their association with efficacy and tolerance of efavirenz 600 mg daily in Chinese HIV‐infected adults.MethodsAn analysis was performed using plasma samples from 455 patients enrolled in a prospective multicentre trial in China. A total of 1198 plasma samples collected at weeks 4, 24 and 48 following antiretroviral therapy initiation were analysed. The mid‐dose interval efavirenz concentrations (C12) were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography.ResultsThe median efavirenz concentration (interquartile range) steadily increased over time from 3.02 (2.28–4.23) to 3.71 (2.91–4.91) mg/L from week 4 to 48 (P < 0.001). The proportion of patients withC12> 4.0 mg/L also rose from 28.0% to 34.2% and 43.8%, measured at 4, 24 and 48 weeks, respectively (P < 0.001). Five patients had efavirenz concentrations < 1.0 mg/L at week 4, 24 or 48. In the multivariable regression analysis, lower body weight and non‐Han ethnicities were associated with higher efavirenz concentrations over time. At each time‐point, patients with a body weight < 60 kg had significantly higher efavirenzC12compared with those with body weight ≥ 60 kg (P < 0.05).ConclusionsEfavirenz concentrations increased steadily over 48 weeks, and a substantial proportion of participants had efavirenzC12above the upper limit of the proposed therapeutic window, especially those with low body weight (< 60 kg). Based upon these findings, a dosage reduction of efavirenz to 400 mg daily may warrant consideration in this population, especially for those with lower body weight.
Diagnostic accuracy of new and old cognitive screening tools for HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders
Authors: Trunfio M , Vai D , Montrucchio C , Alcantarini C , Livelli A , Tettoni MC , Orofino G , Audagnotto S , Imperiale D , Bonora S , Di Perri G , Calcagno A 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesConsidering the similarities between HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and neurodegenerative dementias and the frequency of executive dysfunctions among HIV‐positive patients, we evaluated the accuracy of the Frontal Assessment Battery and Clock‐Drawing Test together with the Three Questions Test and International HIV Dementia Scale to screen for HAND.MethodsA cross‐sectional monocentric study was conducted from 2010 to 2017. The index tests were represented by the four screening tools; the reference standard was represented by a comprehensive neurocognitive battery used to investigate 10 cognitive domains. Patients were screened by a trained infectious diseases physician and those showing International HIV Dementia Scale scores ≤ 10 and/or complaining of neurocognitive symptoms were then evaluated by a trained neuropsychologist.ResultsA total of 650 patients were screened and 281 received the full neurocognitive evaluation. HAND was diagnosed in 140 individuals. The sensitivity, specificity, correct classification rate and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were, respectively, as follows: Frontal Assessment Battery, 40.7%, 95.1%, 68.3% and 0.81; International HIV Dementia Scale, 74.4%, 56.8%, 65.4% and 0.73; Clock‐Drawing Test, 30.9%, 73.4%, 53.8% and 0.56; and Three Questions Test, 37.3%, 54.1% and 45.7%. Raising the Frontal Assessment Battery's cut‐off to ≤ 16 improved its sensitivity, specificity and correct classification rate to 78.0%, 63.9% and 70.8%, respectively.ConclusionsWe observed poor screening performances of the Three Questions and Clock‐Drawing Tests. While the International HIV Dementia Scale showed a poor specificity, the Frontal Assessment Battery showed the highest correct classification rate and a promising performance at different exploratory cut‐offs.
US Newspapers’ Portrayals of Home Invasion Crime
Authors: BYRON REGINALD A. , MOLIDOR WILLIAM S. , CANTU ANDREW 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article presents the first known analysis of US newspaper portrayals of ‘home invasion’ crime by quantitatively investigating over 1,000 cases of home invasion drawn from 15 geographically spread city newspapers. In line with the concept of moral panic, descriptive statistics suggest a recent marked increase in the usage of the term ‘home invasion’ among newspapers. Additionally, regression analyses predicting levels of coverage suggest that a market‐driven model of news production, invoking a fearful worst‐case scenario, prevails. Victim or suspect fatalities, the number of victims or suspects, and the type of weapon reported, all generally predict the word count of initial articles and the likelihood of a follow‐up article. Analyses also partially support the hierarchy of victimisation hypothesis. We conclude by cautioning that citizens and legislators should consider these findings when calling for new legislation and appeal to criminologists to produce comprehensive empirical analyses on home invasion crime.
Do Immigrants Catch‐up with the Natives in Terms of Earnings? Evidence from Individual Level Data of Canada
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Rayaneh , Ahmad Nisar , Naveed Amjad 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article analyses differences in dynamic transitions into and out of any of the five hourly wage quintiles and quintile zero (unemployed and non‐employed people) between immigrants and natives for the period 1993‐2004. Using Longitudinal Level data from Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) for men aged 25 to 55, we investigate how unobserved heterogeneity factors and initial conditions may affect individuals’ propensity to stay in or leave any of the wage quintiles. We also consider a dynamic multinomial logit model with the random effects approach. Empirical results show that state dependence exists in all hourly wage quintiles. Moreover, education, experience, marital status, immigrant minority status, and age at immigration are significant factors determining hourly wage differentials between immigrants and natives.
Multidisciplinary team meetings appear to be effective in inflammatory bowel disease management: an audit of process and outcomes
Authors: Ferman Mutaz , Lim Amanda H. , Hossain Monowar , Siow Glenn W. , Andrews Jane M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundMultidisciplinary team meetings (MDTM) have proven efficacy in cancer management. Whilst widely implemented in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) care, their value is yet to be investigated. We reviewed the performance of MDTM for IBD patients.MethodsRetrospective review of MDTM from March 2013 to July 2016. Each patient’s first MDTM was considered. Data collected included: report production and location, disease factors, recommendation(s), implementation and barriers to implementation. The MDTM process was considered successful when at least top‐level recommendations were implemented within 6 months.ResultsMDTM attendance included an IBD gastroenterologist, surgeons, a radiologist, nurses, dieticians, psychologists and clinical trial staff. Initial MDTM encounters of 166 patients were reviewed: 86 females, mean age 40 years, 140 (84.3%) with Crohn disease and mean disease duration of 10.8 years (interquartile range 15 years). Electronic reports were filed for all patients, with hard copies in 84%. In 151 of 166 episodes, all (n = 127) or top‐line (n = 24) recommendations were implemented, although there was a delay beyond 6 months in 5. Of 146 patients with a successful MDTM, 85 (58.2%) were in clinical remission at last review (median follow up: 27 months). Amongst patients with unsuccessful MDTM (n = 13), only two (15.4%) were in clinical remission at follow up. Barriers to implementation included patients declining recommendations and loss to follow up.ConclusionThe majority of MDTM encounters were successful from both a process and clinical outcome perspective. System opportunities to improve the process include ensuring that 100% of reports are available and addressing implementation delays. Patient factors that require addressing include improved engagement and understanding reasons for declining recommendations.
Diagnostic value of nailfold videocapillaroscopy in systemic sclerosis secondary pulmonary arterial hypertension: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Xia Zhongbin , Wang Guiping , Xiao Huashi , Guo Shanshan , Liu Ying , Meng Fanru , Liu Dan , Li Guoqing , Zong Liang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundMicrovascular changes play a decisive role in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and occur early in the course of the disease. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) represents one of the main clinical expressions of the vascular changes in SSc, and the abnormal changes, especially capillary density and capillary width, are detectable at nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC).AimsTo investigate the differences in capillary nailfold changes in SSc patients with and without PAH and to estimate the early diagnostic value of NVC in SSc secondary PAH (SSc‐PAH).MethodsA comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE and PUBMED was performed to identify published studies without language restrictions. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated. The pooled specificity, sensitivity, positive likelihood rate, negative likelihood rate, diagnostic odds ratio, area under the curve and Q value were found using Meta‐Disc version 1.4 software packages. Finally, seven studies were included in this meta‐analysis.ResultsThe meta‐analysis demonstrated that the diagnostic odds ratio, area under the curve and Q value were 5.84 (95% confidence interval: 1.95–17.54), 0.79 and 0.72 respectively. It indicated that the microvascular changes detected at NVC were significant in SSc‐PAH and especially showed significantly lower capillary density and higher capillary width.ConclusionThe NVC may be a valuable tool for the early diagnosis of SSc‐PAH. It can detect the early microvascular changes associated with the risk of PAH and has a significant role in the early prediction of SSc‐PAH.
Assistants in nursing working with mental health consumers in the emergency department
Authors: Gerace Adam , Muir‐Cochrane Eimear , O'Kane Deb , Couzner Leah , Palmer Christine , Thornton Karleen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNursing students, regardless of setting, require skills in working with people with mental health issues. One way to provide students with learning opportunities within the context of limited undergraduate mental health content and lack of mental health placements is through employment as assistants in nursing (AIN). The purpose of the study was to investigate the use of AINs employed in an emergency department in South Australia to supervise (continuous observation) mental health consumers on inpatient treatment orders. Twenty‐four participants took part in the study, with AINs (n = 8, all studying in an undergraduate nursing programme), nurse managers (n = 5), and nurses (n = 11) participating in semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Themes focused on (i) the AIN role, their practice, boundaries or restrictions of their role, and the image consumers have of AINs; (ii) learning through experience, where the AIN role was a practical opportunity to learn and apply knowledge obtained through university studies; and (iii) support, which focused on how AINs worked with nursing staff as part of the healthcare team. Overall, participants believed that AINs played an important role in the ED in supervising consumers on involuntary mental health treatment orders, where their unique role was seen to facilitate more positive consumer experiences. The AIN role is one way for nursing students to develop skills in working with people with mental health issues.
Benthic ctenophores (Platyctenida: Coeloplanidae) in South Florida: predator–prey interactions
Authors: Glynn Peter W. , Coffman Brian , Primov Karim D. , Moorhead Shannon G. , Vanderwoude Jeongran , Barrales Rachel N. , Williams Megan K. , Roemer Robert P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe primary goal of this study was to demonstrate, from field observations and laboratory experiments, some key trophic roles of benthic ctenophores as predators and prey in subtropical communities. We examined individuals of two benthic platyctenid species: Coeloplana waltoni, a minute epibiont on octocorals in exposed, open‐water settings; and Vallicula multiformis, an associate of calm‐water biofouling communities and floating Sargassum spp. Laboratory observations of individuals of both ctenophore species revealed frequent capture and ingestion of diverse zooplankton taxa, especially crustaceans. Laboratory predation trials demonstrated the capture of dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) eggs and larvae by both ctenophore species. Dolphinfish eggs and larvae larger than individuals of C. waltoni were captured but not ingested during 2‐h trial periods. These prey items were sometimes purloined and ingested by polyps of the ctenophore's octocoral host. Ingestion of dolphinfish eggs and larvae by individuals of C. waltoni was observed, however, after longer periods of exposure to prey. In predation trials, dolphinfish eggs and larvae were both captured and ingested by larger individuals of the ctenophore species V. multiformis. Field and laboratory observations revealed diverse invertebrate and fish taxa that prey on both ctenophore species. In the laboratory, the mean daily per capita consumption of individuals of C. waltoni by a pomacanthid fish ranged 0.5–2.8 individuals, and ranged 2.6–3.6 individuals for predation by an ovulid mollusc. Field population densities of these predators ranged 0.1–0.7 individuals per m2 for the pomacanthid, and 0.2–1.1 individuals per m2 for the mollusc. Laboratory feeding observations demonstrated frequent consumption of individuals of V. multiformis by a sea anemone, and by three species of brachyuran crabs. Field observations revealed eight fishes that probably feed incidentally on individuals of V. multiformis. These findings add to the limited knowledge base of predator–prey dynamics in both C. waltoni and V. multiformis.
Temperature‐dependent tensile strength model for 2D woven fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites
Authors: Deng Yong , Li Weiguo , Wang Xiaorong , Kou Haibo , Zhang Xuyao , Shao Jiaxing , Li Ying , Zhang Xianhe , Ma Jianzuo , Tao Yong , Chen Liming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a temperature‐dependent model for predicting the tensile strength of 2D woven fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites. The model takes into account the combined effects of temperature, temperature‐dependent residual thermal stress, temperature‐dependent matrix strength, and fibers strength on the tensile strength of composites. To verify the model, the tensile strengths of 2D woven fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites available are predicted at different temperatures. The model predictions agree well with the experimental data. This work could provide a practical technical means for predicting the temperature‐dependent tensile strength of 2D woven fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites and uncovering the dominated mechanisms leading to the change of tensile strength and their evolution with temperature.
The protective scale of the Armidilo‐S: The importance of forensic and clinical outcomes
Authors: Lindsay William R , Steptoe Lesley R , Haut Fabian , Miller Sandra , Macer Jane , McVicker Ronnie 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundThe Armidilo has two scales—the risk scale and the protective scale. Research has been confined to the risk scale which appears to predict future incidents with medium to large effect sizes. There have been no publications on the use of the protective scale.MethodsThe Armidilo was completed on four individuals with IDD who were either moving on from their placement or whose placement was in jeopardy because of new information or altered policies in the organization. The Armidilo was completed in the usual fashion.ResultsRisk and protective results show that for each individual, recommendations could be made that ensured the best outcome. For two participants, restrictive placements were avoided because of the data on protective factors.ConclsionsThe protective scale can be a powerful support for the clinician's case in offenders with IDD. The protective scale should be completed routinely for clinical evaluation.