bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Stems for Morbid Obesity in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Schultz Blake J. , DeBaun Malcolm R. , Huddleston James I. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMorbidly obese patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty have worse functional outcomes and implant survival, and increased revision rates compared with nonobese patients. In addition to increased medical comorbidities and difficult exposure, increased stress on the tibial implant and altered kinematics of knee motion contribute to aseptic loosening and medial collapse. Increased implant fixation, including use of a stemmed tibial implant, may be a way to help avoid these complications. While there is limited data on tibial stems in the morbidly obese patients specifically, cemented stemmed tibial implants should be strongly considered in these patients, especially if bone quality is poor. The initial increased cost of a stemmed implant can be justified in this high-risk patient population to minimize the risk of costly revisions related to compromised tibia component fixation.
Gender Influences Gait Asymmetry following Bicruciate-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Hennessy David , Arauz Paul , Klemt Christian , An Shuai , Kwon Young-Min 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis is an experimental study. Gender has been reported to influence outcomes in patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, the influence of gender on three-dimensional (3D) in vivo kinematics during gait remains unclear. This study aimed to determine if 3D gait kinematics, including 3D knee translations and rotations, differed in men and women following bicruciate-retaining (BCR) TKA. Twenty-nine well-functioning unilateral BCR TKA patients (14 males and 15 females) underwent evaluation of both knees during level walking on a treadmill at a self-selected speed using a dual fluoroscopic imaging system. Interlimb comparisons of in vivo 6 degree-of-freedom kinematics were compared between male and female patients. Differences of pre- and postoperative Knee Society scores (KSSs) were compared between the groups. Both groups were matched regarding age and body mass index. Both male and female patients demonstrated improvement in their postoperative KSSs. Statistically significant differences were observed with respect to spatiotemporal anterior–posterior interlimb translations (p < 0.05). Although females presented more femoral posterior translation in the operative knee than the nonoperative knee during most of the stance phases (2.8 vs. −1.6 mm), males exhibited less femoral translation in the operative knee than the nonoperative knee (2.3 vs. −1.8 mm), when interlimb differences were detected during stance phase. Results demonstrated that there are 3D motion asymmetries of the knee in both male and female unilateral BCR TKA patients during gait with anterior–posterior interlimb asymmetries significantly greater in female than male participants. This suggests that gender may influence the in vivo knee kinematics in BCR TKA patients during gait.
Comparison of Bone Healing in Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy between the Use of Allograft Bone Chips with Autologous Bone Marrow and the Use of Allograft Bone Chips Alone for Gap Filling
Authors: Kim Hee-June , Seo Il , Shin Ji-Yeon , Lee Kang San , Park Kyeong-Hyeon , Kyung Hee-Soo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate whether the use of allograft bone chips mixed with autologous bone marrow (BM) in the high tibial osteotomy (HTO) gap could improve the radiological and clinical results of HTO. This study analyzed 36 patients who underwent HTO with locking plate (mean age: 58.0 years). Allograft bone chips mixed with autologous BM aspirated from anterior superior iliac spine were used in 19 patients (group A) and allograft chips only were used in 17 patients (group B). The radiological and clinical results between two groups were compared during examination at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery. Clinical evaluations involving the Hospital for Special Surgery score, Knee Society knee score, and function score were performed at each assessment point. The osteotomy filling and osteoconductivity using the modified van Hemert's score were compared in each period. The clinical results were not different between the groups at all assessment points. Osteotomy filling was higher at 6 weeks and 3 months in group A than in group B (p = 0.004 and 0.005, respectively). Osteoconductivity was higher at 6 weeks and 3 months in the most medial ¼ zone in group A than in group B (p = 0.025 and 0.031, respectively). Our data shows it is beneficial to mix the allograft bone chips mixed with autologous BM after open-wedge HTO.
Reliability of 3-m Backward Walk Test in Patients with Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Unver Bayram , Sevik Kevser , Yarar Haci Ahmet , Unver Fatma , Karatosun Vasfi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe 3-m backward walk test (3MBWT) is used to evaluate neuromuscular control, proprioception, protective reflexes, fall risk, and balance. The aim of the present study was to determine the test–retest reliability of the 3MBWT in patients with primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Twenty-eight patients with primary TKA, operated by the same surgeon, were included in this study. Patients performed trials for 3MBWT twice on the same day. Between the first and second trials, patients waited for an hour on sitting position to prevent fatigue. The 3MBWT showed an excellent test–retest reliability in this study. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for 3MBWT was 0.97. The standard error of measurement and smallest real difference at the 95% confidence level for 3MBWT were 1.06 and 2.94, respectively. The 3MBWT has an excellent test–retest reliability in patients with primary TKA. It is an effective and reliable tool for measuring dynamic balance and participant falls. As a clinical test, the 3MBWT is easy to score, requires little space, has no cost, needs no special equipment, and can be applied in a short time as part of the routine medical examination.
Tuberculosis in the borderlands: migrants, microbes and more-than-human borders
Authors: Chuengsatiansup Komatra , Limsawart Wirun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has been a widely recognized threat since the TB epidemic was declared a global emergency in the 1990s. The epidemic is particularly critical in the borderlands where humans and microbes move across geographic borders. In this article, we explore the contingency of human-microbe relations in Thailand-Myanmar borderlands. Initially constituted by the colonial encounters, the Siam–Burma border’s continuing existence was constantly enacted, negotiated, and co-produced through the entangled interplay of various actors, microbes and pharmaceuticals included. We examine how global forms such as biomedical science, epidemiological practices, and public health interventions were actualized in an attempt to control MDR-TB in this borderland. While disease surveillance and control were seemingly hindered by the permeability of the border and geographic mobility of migrants, the potency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to lie dormant in human bodies for long periods of time without symptoms posed an additional challenge to epidemiological attempts to segregate the healthy from the contaminated. Combining ethnographic materials from Umphang District, Tak Province at the western border of Thailand with national policy analysis, natural history, and microbiological insights, we reveal how the indeterminacy of borders and complex microbe-human entanglements necessitate changes in the prevailing biocontainment model of infectious disease control. We propose that disease surveillance and response need to transcend the rigid geographic notion of space and include a more flexible topological conception of spatiality that embraces the fluidity of pharmaceuticals, microbes, and human relations. This reinvention of the spatial approach in epidemic control begins by attending more closely to the entanglement of human-microbe relations in the more-than-human borders.
Social alliances improve rank and fitness in convention-based societies
Authors: Strauss Eli D. , Holekamp Kay E. 
Published: March 2019

Significance
What forces produce and maintain social inequality, and why do society members tolerate this inequality? The “One Percent” clearly benefit from having high status, but low-status individuals have strong incentive to challenge the established pecking order and try to improve their position. This conundrum is particularly striking in the societies of many primates and spotted hyenas, where females who are born to low-status mothers rarely manage to improve their position. Here we find that females who are strongly allied with their group-mates are more likely to improve their status, and that upward social mobility is often achieved with support from their closest allies. This suggests that, much like some animals compete physically for status, these species compete through social alliances.
Optimizing schools’ start time and bus routes
Authors: Bertsimas Dimitris , Delarue Arthur , Martin Sebastien 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Spreading start times allows school districts to reduce transportation costs by reusing buses between schools. However, assigning each school a time involves both estimating the impact on transportation costs and reconciling additional competing objectives. These challenges force many school districts to make myopic decisions, leading to an expensive and inequitable status quo. For instance, most American teenagers start school before 8:00 AM, despite evidence of significant associated health issues. We propose an algorithm to jointly solve the school bus routing and bell time selection problems. Our application in Boston led to $5 million in yearly savings (maintaining service quality despite a 50-bus fleet reduction) and to the unanimous approval of the first school start time reform in 30 years.
Students of color show health advantages when they attend schools that emphasize the value of diversity
Authors: Levine Cynthia S. , Markus Hazel Rose , Austin Makeda K. , Chen Edith , Miller Gregory E. 
Published: March 2019

Significance
The United States is increasingly diverse, especially among youth. At the same time, racial and ethnic gaps persist in many domains, including risk for cardiovascular disease. Here, we use a diverse sample of adolescents in a mostly urban setting to show that when schools emphasize the value of diversity, students of color are healthier. Thus, schools’ climates around diversity may have a role to play in reducing health disparities.
Incentivizing hospital infection control
Authors: Drohan Sarah E. , Levin Simon A. , Grenfell Bryan T. , Laxminarayan Ramanan 
Published: March 2019

Significance
As populations age and hospitalization becomes more common, healthcare-associated infections, including many caused by drug-resistant pathogens, are increasing in importance. Because healthcare facilities share patients, healthcare-associated pathogens spread easily between facilities. Each institution, therefore, has an incentive to free ride on the infection control efforts of other institutions. A feasible policy is to compensate hospitals for infection control. Here we explore the effect of different forms of subsidies on hospitals’ infection control. Under a limited budget, we find that the most effective subsidy is a dollar-for-dollar matching subsidy. Additionally, we show that a subsidy should be preferentially given to hospitals with lower transmission rates. Economic incentives strongly influence hospital behavior and understanding these is a useful complement to epidemiological analysis alone.
Taurine transporter (TauT) deficiency impairs ammonia detoxification in mouse liver
Authors: Qvartskhava Natalia , Jin Cheng Jun , Buschmann Tobias , Albrecht Ute , Bode Johannes Georg , Monhasery Niloufar , Oenarto Jessica , Bidmon Hans Jürgen , Görg Boris , Häussinger Dieter 
Published: March 2019

SignificanceTaurine transporter deficiency in mice results in hyperammonemia and reduced glutamine formation in hepatic scavenger cells due to an impaired ammonia transport at 3 months of age and a tyrosine nitration-dependent inactivation of glutamine synthetase in 12-month-old mice. The data suggest that down-regulation of the ammonia transporter RhBG can be rate limiting for the synthesis of glutamine in mouse liver.
Language teaching and learning as a transdisciplinary endeavour
Authors: Liddicoat Anthony J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Language teaching and learning is commonly considered as a research discipline that resides within the field of
‘applied linguistics’, at least in the way the field is conceptualized by English-speaking academia. However, if we consider
language teaching and learning as practice, this fit is not as neat as it at first might appear. Teaching, learning and using an
additional language is complex and multifaceted; it involves languages, cultures, learning, communication, identities, etc., which
in turn are situated academically within a host of disciplines. Research in language teaching and learning is therefore
transdisciplinary in the sense that multiple disciplines can provide different lenses through which to understand the same
phenomena and to build new understandings of the object of interest. Moreover, as a field in which languages and cultures are
inherently brought into contact, language teaching and learning is also at an intersection between disciplines that are
conceptualized and developed differently in different languages and academic traditions. For example, ‘language teaching’ as a
disciplinary area does not map well onto its French translation equivalent ‘didactique des langues’. These
interactions across academic traditions therefore represent an often-unacknowledged form of transdisciplinarity. This contribution
will examine how language teaching and learning can be informed by a transdisciplinary perspective in both these senses. In
particular, it will focus on the idea of language learning from an intercultural perspective to examine how multiple disciplines
and different disciplinary traditions contribute to shaping understanding of the field; it will also consider some of the
challenges of bringing multiple disciplines to bear on this understanding.
Extracellular vesicles derived from natural killer cells use multiple cytotoxic proteins and killing mechanisms to target cancer cells
Authors: Wu Chun‐Hua , Li Jingbo , Li Li , Sun Jianping , Fabbri Muller , Wayne Alan S. , Seeger Robert C. , Jong Ambrose Y. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted membrane vesicles, which play complex physiological and pathological functions in intercellular communication. Recently, we isolated natural killer (NK) cell‐derived EVs (NK‐EVs) from ex vivo expansion of NK cell cultures. The isolated NK‐EVs contained cytotoxic proteins and several activated caspases, and they induced apoptosis in target cells. In this report, the protein levels of cytotoxic proteins from NK‐EV isolates were analysed by ELISA. The mean values of perforin (PFN, 550 ng/mL), granzyme A (GzmA, 185 ng/mL), granzyme B (GzmB, 23.4 ng/mL), granulysin (GNLY, 56 ng/mL), and FasL (2.5 ng/mL) were obtained from >60 isolations using dot plots. The correlation between cytotoxicity and cytotoxic protein levels was examined by linear regression. PFN, GzmA, GzmB, GNLY all had a positive, moderate correlation with cytotoxicity, suggesting that there is not a single cytotoxic protein dominantly involved in killing and that all of these proteins may contribute to cytotoxicity. To further explore the possible killing mechanisms, cells were treated with NK‐EVs, proteins extracted and lysates assessed by Western blotting. The levels of Gzm A substrates, SET and HMG2, were diminished in targeted cells, indicating that GzmA may induce a caspase‐independent death pathway. Also, cytochrome C was released from mitochondria, a central hallmark of caspase‐dependent death pathways. In addition, several ER‐associated proteins were altered, suggesting that NK‐EVs may induce ER stress resulting in cell death. Our results indicate that multiple killing mechanisms are activated by NK‐derived EVs, including caspase‐independent and ‐dependent cell death pathways, which can mediate cytotoxicity against cancer cells.Abbreviations: NK: natural killer cells; aNK: activated NK cells; EV: extracellular vesicles; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia; FBS: foetal bovine serum. GzmA: granzyme A; GzmB: granzyme B; GNLY: granulysin; PFN: perforin
STUDIES OF THE Vi (γ2c) SUBGROUP OF γ-GLOBULIN
Authors: Yount William J. , Kunkel Henry G. , Litwin Stephen D. 
Published: March 2019

The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. 125, No. 1, January 1, 1967, page 180, Fig. 1.
Owing to a printing error Fig. 1 was oriented incorrectly on the page. The position of the above figure is correct, and it should replace the figure on page 180. The legend and text are correct as originally printed.
Air moisture signals in a stable oxygen isotope chronology of dwarf shrubs from the central Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wernicke Jakob , Stark Georg , Wang Lily , Grießinger Jussi , Bräuning Achim 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsAnnually resolved biological climate proxies beyond the altitudinal and latitudinal distribution limit of trees are rare. In such regions, several studies have demonstrated that annual growth rings of dwarf shrubs are suitable proxies for palaeoclimatic investigations. In High Asia, the pioneer work of Liang et al. (Liang E, Lu X, Ren P, Li X, Zhu L, Eckstein D, 2012. Annual increments of juniper dwarf shrubs above the tree line on the central Tibetan Plateau: a useful climatic proxy. Annals of Botany109: 721–728) confirmed the suitability of shrub growth-ring chronologies for palaeoclimatic research. This study presents the first sensitivity study of an annually resolved δ18O time series inferred from Wilson juniper (Juniperus pingii var. wilsonii) from the northern shoreline of lake Nam Co (Tibetan Plateau).MethodsBased on five individual dwarf shrub discs, a statistically reliable δ18O chronology covering the period 1957–2009 was achieved (expressed population signal = 0.80). Spearman’s correlation analysis between the δ18O chronology and climate variables from different sources was applied. In a first step, the suitability of various climate data was evaluated.Key ResultsExaminations of climate–proxy relationships revealed significant negative correlations between the δ18O shrub chronology and summer season moisture variability of the previous and current year. In particular, relative humidity of the previous and current vegetation period significantly determined the proxy variability (ρ = −0.48, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the δ18O variability of the developed shrub chronology significantly coincided with a nearby tree-ring δ18O chronology of the same genus (r = 0.62, P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe δ18O shrub chronology reliably recorded humidity variations in the Nam Co region. The chronology was significantly correlated with a nearby moisture-sensitive tree-ring δ18O chronology, indicating a common climate signal in the two chronologies. This climate signal was likely determined by moisture variations of the Asian summer monsoon. Local climate effects were superimposed on the supra-regional climate signature of the monsoon circulation. Opposing δ18O values between the two chronologies were interpreted as plant-physiological differences during isotopic fractionation processes.
Maturational Changes in Human Dorsal and Ventral Visual Networks
Authors: Ciesielski Kristina T R , Stern Moriah E , Diamond Adele , Khan Sheraz , Busa Evelina A , Goldsmith Timothy E , van der Kouwe Andre , Fischl Bruce , Rosen Bruce R 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDevelopmental neuroimaging studies report the emergence of increasingly diverse cognitive functions as closely entangled with a rise-fall modulation of cortical thickness (CTh), structural cortical and white-matter connectivity, and a time-course for the experience-dependent selective elimination of the overproduced synapses. We examine which of two visual processing networks, the dorsal (DVN; prefrontal, parietal nodes) or ventral (VVN; frontal-temporal, fusiform nodes) matures first, thus leading the neuro-cognitive developmental trajectory. Three age-dependent measures are reported: (i) the CTh at network nodes; (ii) the matrix of intra-network structural connectivity (edges); and (iii) the proficiency in network-related neuropsychological tests. Typically developing children (age ~6 years), adolescents (~11 years), and adults (~21 years) were tested using multiple-acquisition structural T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychology. MRI images reconstructed into a gray/white/pial matter boundary model were used for CTh evaluation. No significant group differences in CTh and in the matrix of edges were found for DVN (except for the left prefrontal), but a significantly thicker cortex in children for VVN with reduced prefrontal ventral-fusiform connectivity and with an abundance of connections in adolescents. The higher performance in children on tests related to DVN corroborates the age-dependent MRI structural connectivity findings. The current findings are consistent with an earlier maturational course of DVN.
Can we nudge farmers into saving water? Evidence from a randomised experiment
Authors: Chabé-Ferret Sylvain , Le Coent Philippe , Reynaud Arnaud , Subervie Julie , Lepercq Daniel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe test whether social comparison nudges can promote water-saving behaviour among farmers as a complement to traditional CAP measures. We conducted a randomised controlled trial among 200 farmers equipped with irrigation smart meters in South-West France. Treated farmers received weekly information on individual and group water consumption over four months. Our results rule out medium to large effect-sizes of the nudge. Moreover, they suggest that the nudge was effective at reducing the consumption of those who irrigate the most, although it appears to have reduced the proportion of those who do not consume water at all.