bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image‐guided cranial irradiation‐induced ablation of dentate gyrus neurogenesis impairs extinction of recent morphine reward memories
Authors: Rivera Phillip D. , Simmons Steven J. , Reynolds Ryan P. , Just Alanna L. , Birnbaum Shari G. , Eisch Amelia J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDentate gyrus adult neurogenesis is implicated in the formation of hippocampal‐dependent contextual associations. However, the role of adult neurogenesis during reward‐based context‐dependent paradigms—such as conditioned place preference (CPP)—is understudied. Therefore, we used image‐guided, hippocampal‐targeted X‐ray irradiation (IG‐IR) and morphine CPP to explore whether dentate gyrus adult neurogenesis plays a role in reward memories created in adult C57BL/6J male mice. In addition, as adult neurogenesis appears to participate to a greater extent in retrieval and extinction of recent (<48 hr posttraining) versus remote (>1 week posttraining) memories, we specifically examined the role of adult neurogenesis in reward‐associated contextual memories probed at recent and remote timepoints. Six weeks post‐IG‐IR or Sham treatment, mice underwent morphine CPP. Using separate groups, retrieval of recent and remote reward memories was found to be similar between IG‐IR and Sham treatments. Interestingly, IG‐IR mice showed impaired extinction—or increased persistence—of the morphine‐associated reward memory when it was probed 24‐hr (recent) but not 3‐weeks (remote) postconditioning relative to Sham mice. Taken together, these data show that hippocampal‐directed irradiation and the associated decrease in dentate gyrus adult neurogenesis affect the persistence of recently—but not remotely—probed reward memory. These data indicate a novel role for adult neurogenesis in reward‐based memories and particularly the extinction rate of these memories. Consideration of this work may lead to better understanding of extinction‐based behavioral interventions for psychiatric conditions characterized by dysregulated reward processing.
Overlap between hippocampal pre‐encoding and encoding patterns supports episodic memory
Authors: Sadeh Talya , Chen Janice , Goshen‐Gottstein Yonatan , Moscovitch Morris 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt is well‐established that whether the information will be remembered or not depends on the extent to which the learning context is reinstated during post‐encoding rest and/or at retrieval. It has yet to be determined, however, if the fundamental importance of contextual reinstatement to memory extends to periods of spontaneous neurocognitive activity prior to learning. We thus asked whether memory performance can be predicted by the extent to which spontaneous pre‐encoding neural patterns resemble patterns elicited during encoding. Individuals studied and retrieved lists of words while undergoing fMRI‐scanning. Multivoxel hippocampal patterns during resting periods prior to encoding resembled hippocampal patterns at encoding most strongly for items that were subsequently remembered. Furthermore, across subjects, the magnitude of similarity correlated with a behavioral measure of episodic recall. The results indicate that the neural context before learning is an important determinant of memory.
Economic precariousness: A new channel in the housing market cycle
Authors: Arestis Philip , Gonzalez‐Martinez Ana Rosa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDemographic and institutional elements, as important drivers of the housing market, should not be neglected because it is not only financial and monetary elements that matter in the case of the housing market. In this context, one relationship, which still remains unclear, is the relationship between the housing and the labour markets. Some research has been undertaken to support the hypothesis that high rates of homeownership lead to high unemployment via increases in the reservation wage. However, further research is needed to address the possible implications of the institutional settings of the labour market in the dynamics of the housing market. The aim of this paper is to bring some light on the link between both markets. In particular, this contribution explains how the housing cycle could be “amplified” via a new channel, that is, economic precariousness, which is closely related to job insecurity. Subsequently, we provide evidence in the case of five developed economies, Ireland, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States, over the period 1985–2013.
Evaluation of the mechanisms and effects of Mg–Ag–Y alloy on the tumor growth and metastasis of the MG63 osteosarcoma cell line
Authors: Dai Yilong , Tang Yifu , Xu Xuemei , Luo Zhongwei , Zhang Yu , Li Zhaohui , Lin Zhangyuan , Zhao Shushan , Zeng Min , Sun Buhua , Cheng Liang , Zhu Jianxi , Xiong Zeng , Long Haitao , Zhu Yong , Yu Kun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOsteosarcoma is a malignant primary bone tumor, which often associates with pulmonary metastasis. The radical surgery of osteosarcoma often requires internal orthopedic implants. Therefore, implants with antitumor properties should be developed. Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys possess great potential as orthopedic materials, given their biodegradable properties, superior osteogenesis performance, and antitumor features. However, problems arise with their uncontrolled degradation rates and their unknown antitumor mechanisms. In our study, when compared with pure Mg, the rare element silver alloyed with yttrium (Ag–Y) could extremely enhance the corrosion resistance of these elements, giving the Ex–Mg–1Ag–1Y alloy better anticorrosion rates. Here, we implanted the Ex–Mg–1Ag–1Y alloy and pure Mg and Ti alloy in vivo around tumors in nude mice (BALB/c). Notably, the local tumor weight in Mg alloy and pure Mg groups were much smaller than that in Ti alloy group in 36 days after surgery (6.59 ± 0.70, 6.76 ± 0.62, and 8.54 ± 0.56 g), while the general scores of lung metastasis in Mg alloy and pure Mg groups were also lower than Ti alloy group (64.50 ± 7.64, 62.73 ± 7.84, and 87.60 ± 9.43). Therefore, the Mg and Ex–Mg–1Ag–1Y alloy, both demonstrated resisting effects against local tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis, which could be performed by changing the extracellular acidosis microenvironment, elevating the Mg concentration, suppressing C–X–C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) levels, and increasing prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis. Our work revealed that the Ex–Mg–1Ag–1Y alloy may be a promising orthopedic implant for treating osteosarcoma due to its better corrosion resistance and antitumor attributes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B:2537–2548, 2019.
Cost-Effectiveness of Osteoporosis Screening Using Biomechanical Computed Tomography for Patients With a Previous Abdominal CT
Authors: Pisu Maria , Kopperdahl David L , Lewis Cora E , Saag Kenneth G , Keaveny Tony M 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Osteoporosis screening rates by DXA are low (9.5% women, 1.7% men) in the US Medicare population aged 65 years and older. Addressing this care gap, we estimated the benefits of a validated osteoporosis diagnostic test suitable for patients age 65 years and older with an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan taken for any indication but without a recent DXA. Our analysis assessed a hypothetical cohort of 1000 such patients in a given year, and followed them for 5 years. Separately for each sex, we used Markov modeling to compare two mutually exclusive scenarios: (i) utilizing the CT scans, perform one-time “biomechanical computed tomography” (BCT) analysis to identify high-risk patients on the basis of both femoral strength and hip BMD T-scores; (ii) ignore the CT scan, and rely instead on usual care, consisting of future annual DXA screening at typical Medicare rates. For patients with findings indicative of osteoporosis, 50% underwent 2 years of treatment with alendronate. We found that BCT provided greater clinical benefit at lower cost for both sexes than usual care. In our base case, compared to usual care, BCT prevented hip fractures over a 5-year window (3.1 per 1000 women; 1.9 per 1000 men) and increased quality-adjusted life years (2.95 per 1000 women; 1.48 per 1000 men). Efficacy and savings increased further for higher-risk patient pools, greater treatment adherence, and longer treatment duration. When the sensitivity and specificity of BCT were set to those for DXA, the prevented hip fractures versus usual care remained high (2.7 per 1000 women; 1.5 per 1000 men), indicating the importance of high screening rates on clinical efficacy. Therefore, for patients with a previously taken abdominal CT and without a recent DXA, osteoporosis screening using biomechanical computed tomography may be a cost-effective alternative to current usual care. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Osteogenic Dkk1 Mediates Glucocorticoid-Induced but Not Arthritis-Induced Bone Loss
Authors: Colditz Juliane , Thiele Sylvia , Baschant Ulrike , Garbe Annette I , Niehrs Christof , Hofbauer Lorenz C , Rauner Martina 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) is a negative regulator of bone formation and bone mass and is deregulated in bone loss induced by arthritis and glucocorticoid (GC) exposure. However, the role of Dkk1 in these pathological processes is still unknown. Here, we used conditional Dkk1 knock-out mice to determine the role of Dkk1 produced by osteolineage cells in the development of arthritis and GC-induced bone loss. Osteoprogenitor (Osx-Cre)- and osteocyte (Dmp1-Cre)-specific knock-out mice and their Cre-negative controls were subjected to two arthritis models, K/BxN and antigen-induced arthritis. Disease induction and progression were assessed. GC-induced bone loss was induced in 25-week-old female mice by implanting prednisolone (7.5 mg) slow-release pellets for 4 weeks. Dkk1fl/fl;Osx-Cre mice subjected to K/BxN arthritis showed mildly reduced disease severity with reduced infiltration of neutrophils and T cells into affected joints and reduced bone erosions compared with Cre-negative controls. Osteocyte-specific Dkk1 deletion did not affect disease severity or local bone erosions. However, systemic bone loss at the spine was less severe in both mouse lines. In contrast to arthritis, both lines were protected from GC-induced bone loss. Although the Cre-negative controls lost about 26% and 31% bone volume potentially caused by decreased bone formation, Cre-positive mice did not exhibit such alterations. Dkk-1 deficiency in osteolineage cells protects against GC-induced bone loss, whereas it had only minor effects in arthritis. Therefore, Dkk1 may be a promising therapeutic target especially for bone diseases in which inhibition of bone formation represents the predominant mechanism. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Involvement of PI3K/Akt pathway in the protective effect of hesperidin against a chemically induced liver cancer in rats
Authors: Mo’men Yomna S. , Hussein Rasha M. , Kandeil Mohamed A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHesperidin is a flavanone glycoside that is found in the Citrus species and showed antioxidant, hepatoprotective as well as anticancer activity. This study investigated the effect of hesperidin on the PI3K/Akt pathway as a possible mechanism for its protective effect against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Adult Wistar rats were divided into Control group (received drug vehicle); DEN group (received 100 mg/L of DEN solution for 8 weeks), and hesperidin + DEN group (received 200 mg/kg body weight of hesperidin/day orally for 16 weeks + DEN solution as DEN group). Our findings showed that the administration of hesperidin significantly decreased the elevation in liver function enzymes, serum AFP level, and oxidative stress markers. Moreover, hesperidin administration suppressed DEN‐induced upregulation of PI3K, Akt, CDK‐2 protein expression, and preserved the integrity of the liver tissues from HCC formation. In conclusion, the hepatoprotective activity of hesperidin is mediated via its antioxidation and downregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
PPAR‐γ: Its ligand and its regulation by microRNAs
Authors: Seiri Parvaneh , Abi Abbas , Soukhtanloo Mohammad 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily. PPARs are categorized into three subtypes, PPARα, β/δ, and γ, encoded by different genes, expressed in diverse tissues and participate in various biological functions and can be activated by their metabolic derivatives in the body or dietary fatty acids. The PPAR‐γ also takes parts in the regulation of energy balance, lipoprotein metabolism, insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory signaling. It has been implicated in the pathology of numerous diseases including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cancers. Among various cellular and molecular targets that are able to regulate PPAR‐γ and its underlying pathways, microRNAs (miRNAs) appeared as important regulators. Given that the deregulation of these molecules via targeting PPAR‐γ could affect initiation and progression of various diseases, identification of miRNAs that affects PPAR‐γ could contribute to the better understanding of roles of PPAR‐γ in various biological and pathological conditions. Here, we have summarized the function and various ligands of PPAR‐γ and have highlighted various miRNAs involved in the regulation of PPAR‐γ.
The skewed frequency of B‐cell subpopulation CD19+CD24hiCD38hi cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is correlated with the elevated serum sCD40L in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Wang Huiming , Liu Changxuan , Chen Wenli , Ding Guohua 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCD19+CD24hiCD38hi cells play an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis. CD40 signaling is involved in regulating the induction and function of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi cells. Changes in B‐cell subpopulations and CD19+CD24hiCD38hi cells have been observed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Whether changes in the B‐cell subpopulation are related to the aberrant CD40 signaling in SLE patients remains unclear. In this study, we examined changes in the levels of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi cells and CD19+CD24hiCD38low cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the serum level of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) in 30 patients with SLE. Through routine biochemical assays and flow cytometry assay, we found that (1) the CD19+CD24hiCD38hi cell subset was upregulated in SLE patients compared to that in healthy controls (HCs) (P < 0.05); (2) the CD19+CD24hiCD38low cell subset was downregulated in SLE patients compared with that in HCs; and (3) CD38 expression was positively correlated with SLE manifestations and the serum sCD40L level (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the relative level of Bregs is significantly higher in SLE patients than in HCs and is positively correlated with disease activity and sCD40L level.
Hepatoprotective effects of phosphatidylserine liposomes on carbon tetrachloride‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Yousefi‐Manesh Hasan , Shirooie Samira , Partoazar Alireza , Nikoui Vahid , Estakhri Mohammad Reza Abdollahzadeh , Bakhtiarian Azam 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt has been proposed carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication due to the production of free radicals and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) overload results hepatotoxicity. Phosphatidylserine (PS) has shown antioxidant activity in numerous studies. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effects of PS liposomes treatment against the CCl4‐induced hepatotoxicity in a rat model. Male Wistar rats were treated with PS (10 mg/kg, oral) or phosphatidylcholine liposomes (PC) (10 mg/kg, oral) for 3 days before CCl4 (2 ml/kg; ip once on the third day) injection. The serum level of ALT, AST, and ALP were measured. Also, antioxidant assays were performed. Administration of PS with CCl4 significantly inhibited alterations in the serum levels of AST, ALP (**P < 0.01), and ALT (***P < 0.001) compared with control group. Furthermore, measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels indicated that PS significantly reduced reactive oxygen species. The results of the present study showed the hepatoprotective effects of PS against CCl4‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Determination of hemolysis index thresholds for biochemical tests on Siemens Advia 2400 chemistry analyzer
Authors: Du Zhenhua , Liu JiQin , Zhang Hua , Bao BuHe , Zhao RuiQi , Jin Ying 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundIn vitro hemolysis is still the most common source of pre‐analytical nonconformities. This study aimed to investigate the hemolytic effects on commonly used biochemical tests as well as to determine the hemolysis index (HI) thresholds on Siemens Advia 2400 chemistry analyzer.MethodsPeripheral blood samples were collected from forty healthy volunteers. Hemolysis was achieved using syringes. Five hemolysis levels were produced including the no hemolysis group, slight hemolysis group, mild hemolysis group, moderate hemolysis group, and heavy hemolysis group. We then used the bias from baseline (no hemolysis) and HI to construct regression functions. The HI corresponding to the bias limits was considered as HI thresholds. We chose the total allowable error (TAE) as the bias limit.ResultsOf the twenty‐eight analytes, ten analytes had clinical significance. Creatine kinase‐MB, creatine kinase, potassium, aspartate aminotransferase, and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase were all positively affected; the corresponding HI threshold was 45.2, 99.96, 4.07, 10.16, and 7.94, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase was also positively interfered, but we failed to calculate the HI threshold. Total bile acid, uric acid, and sodium were all negatively affected, and the HI threshold was 42.23, 500 and 501.8, respectively. Glucose was also negatively interfered, but it failed to achieve the HI threshold.ConclusionsWhen the HI value was higher than its threshold, the corresponding analyte was considered inappropriate for reporting. The implementation of the assay‐specific HI thresholds could provide an accurate method to identify analytes interfered by hemolysis, which would improve clinical interpretations and further boost laboratory quality by reducing errors associated with hemolysis.
Distribution of serum neuron‐specific enolase and the establishment of a population reference interval in healthy adults
Authors: Liu Qian , Fan Jilong , Xu Aiguo , Yao Li , Li Yan , Wang Wenjun , Liang Wei , Yang Fumeng 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundNeuron‐specific enolase (NSE) is an important tumor marker in the serum of patients with lung cancer. Elevated serum NSE levels are also associated with many other diseases. However, there is no unified population reference interval for serum NSE. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of serum NSE in healthy Chinese adults aged 20‐79 years and to establish its reference interval in Chinese population.MethodsA total of 10 575 healthy subjects were in line with the requirements of this study. The concentration of serum NSE was detected by a fully automated Cobas e602 analyzer with matching reagents. The population reference interval for serum NSE was established using the unilateral 95th percentile (P95) according to standard guidelines.ResultsThe distributions of serum NSE were not significantly different between males and females (P > 0.05) and also did not differ by age (P > 0.05). Therefore, the population reference interval for serum NSE was established as upper limit 25.4 ng/mL (90% confidence interval: 24.5‐26.2 ng/mL).ConclusionsWe established the first population reference interval for serum NSE in a large healthy Chinese adult cohort, which was higher than that recommended by Roche Diagnostics GmbH. This new reference interval is more practical and applicable in Chinese adults.
Empathy and social closeness toward refugees from Syria: The mediating role of cultural intelligence
Authors: Pawlicka Paulina , Kazmierczak Maria , Jagiello‐Rusilowski Adam 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe predictors of social closeness toward refugees are rarely examined. In this study (N = 337), higher cultural intelligence (CQ) and higher empathy were defined as predictors of higher social closeness (lower social distance [the Social Distance Scale] and warmer feelings [the Feeling Thermometer]) toward refugees from Syria. This is the target group of prejudice and intensive coverage in the European mass media. The obtained results indicated that other‐oriented empathy (empathic concern and perspective taking) and the motivational CQ predicted higher social closeness and warmer feelings toward refugees from Syria. Empathic personal distress predicted lower social closeness and colder feelings toward this group. Motivational CQ consistently served as the mediator of the relationship between empathy dimensions and social closeness toward Syrian refugees. Our findings reveal the previously unexplored correlations between empathy dimensions and cultural intelligence factors, including the mediational effects in predicting social closeness toward Syrian refugees.
High throughput circRNAs sequencing profile of follicle fluid exosomes of polycystic ovary syndrome patients
Authors: Wang Li‐ping , Peng Xiao‐yu , Lv Xiao‐qin , Liu Lin , Li Xue‐li , He Xiao , Lv Fang , Pan Yu , Wang Li , Liu Kai‐feng , Zhang Xiao‐mei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent reproductive disorders in women worldwide. Despite rigorous research, the exact molecular mechanism that governs PCOS pathogenesis remains unclear. To investigate the potential roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs), this study sequenced ribosomal RNA‐depleted total RNA from exosomes of follicle fluids obtained from PCOS patients using non‐PCOS samples as controls. Bioinformatic analysis identified 167 upregulated and 245 downregulated circRNAs from a total of 16,771 detected candidates. Functional analysis suggests that pathways related to bacterial infection, associated chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress could be targeted by the differential circRNAs in PCOS patients. The obtained sequencing results were further validated by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and a circRNA–microRNA interaction network was constructed. The obtained results provide a valuable addition to the published studies on the mechanism of PCOS pathogenesis by revealing a wide variety of new circRNAs, miRNA, and gene targets that merit further investigation.