bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Softening the hierarchy: the role of student agency in building learning organisations
Authors: Hill Stephanie 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the role of student agency in building learning organisations (LOs) based on a case study of a student learning community (SLC) model that incorporates learning-centred dialogue between students and teachers.Design/methodology/approachThe case study adopted a multi-phase design involving multiple perspectives. Data were collected using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews following student and teacher involvement in two classroom events and subsequent dialogic encounters.FindingsKey insights emerged demonstrating the value of the SLC model in creating conditions that support LOs by enabling pedagogical spaces where students and teachers learn together, as well as the need for this model to encompass marginal voices and negotiate alternative approaches to accountability.Research limitations/implicationsThis small-scale case study was based on a purposive sample of 10 teachers and 14 students from a single school setting in England. Therefore, there are limitations in generalising results to other contexts. Furthermore, the use of self-report measures to examine this case limits analysis of the case study conditions.Practical implicationsThe investigation provides insight into the implementation of this model through a consideration of teacher–student relationships, guidelines for dialogic encounters, training in student-led lessons and observations, as well as factors concerning the inclusivity and authenticity of this approach.Originality/valueGrowing interest in student agency emphasises the importance of further investigation into initiatives aiming to develop meaningful student involvement. This paper provides new perspectives on the insights generated by the SLC model in order to support the development of student agency models in other schools.
Skill India initiative – implications for the hospitality sector in India
Authors: Munjal Sandeep , Tiwari Shweta 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to the Indian government’s “skill India” initiative, the scale of the task, progress to-date, the rationale for the theme issue question and the approach taken by the theme editors, their writing team and the wider stakeholders who contributed their insights to analysis and the generation of recommendations.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper draws on prior research related to the skilled labour challenge and explores issues identified by hospitality industry leaders and other key stakeholders. The skill India initiative led by the central government aims to resolve the skills gap, and this paper establishes the context of the theme issue by presenting a macro-view of the labour supply deficiency that the sector faces and the impact the initiative has made to-date.

Findings
The paper profiles the approach adopted by the theme authors and their writing team in relation to the strategic question.

Practical implications
The theme issue draws extensively from the experiences of industry, training partners and government agencies and institutions, and it reflects their varied perspectives. The research has implications for all stakeholders as they work to find solutions to key issues and challenges around the effective implementation of the skill India mission.

Originality/value
This research identifies some of the issues that are affecting the impact and success of the skill India initiative, and it provides recommendations for government, NGOs, training partners and industry to improve the outcomes of the programmes on offer.
It is not just about paying your dues: Impact of generational cohort on active and passive union participation
Authors: Smith Christopher , Duxbury Linda , Halinski Michael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe lack of a validated measure of active–passive union participation and a dearth of research into the relationship between generational cohort and union participation challenge union leaders to develop policies and practices to facilitate union renewal. We address these issues by (a) developing a multidimensional measure of union participation that captures both active and passive components, (b) using structural equation modelling to validate the measure within a nomological framework, and (c) investigating the impact of generational cohort on all paths in our framework. Data from members of a large American union confirm that generational cohort influences how union members participate in their union. The two‐factor measure developed in this study facilitates research into antecedents and outcomes of passive and active union participation. Our findings should also prove useful to unions seeking to increase participation within their membership, academics researching unions and generational cohort, and human resource practitioners operating in unionised environments.
Effects of Controlled Relative Humidity Storage on Moisture Sorption and Amylopectin Retrogradation in Gelatinized Starch Lyophiles
Authors: Johnson Kathryn A. , Mauer Lisa J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWater plays a significant role in the gelatinization and retrogradation (crystallization) of starch. Amylopectin crystalline regions can adopt several hydrated polymorphic forms; however, reports differ on the migration of water during retrogradation. The objectives of this study were to determine the moisture sorption patterns of gelatinized starch lyophiles during retrogradation in controlled relative humidity (RH) environments and document the amylopectin polymorph(s) formed. Starches from different botanical sources containing A‐type and B‐type amylopectin polymorphs were studied. Suspensions of starch were heated and then frozen and freeze‐dried to make primarily amorphous matrices. Moisture sorption profiles of the dried samples were collected from 5% RH to 95% RH at 25 °C. To capture the retrogradation event, sample masses were also monitored at constant RHs over time (95%, 92.5%, and 90% RH). Powder X‐ray diffraction was used to document the physical state of the samples, including the amylopectin polymorph formed upon retrogradation, and differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine glass transition temperatures (Tgs). In all lyophiles, water was first absorbed (mass gain), and if a critical water content was reached (at ≥92.5%RH), sample Tgs dropped below room temperature and concurrent retrogradation and water expulsion (mass loss) occurred, regardless of starch botanical source and whether A‐ or B‐type polymorphs were formed. Overall, retrogradation and water expulsion increased as storage RH increased. These results offer further knowledge into the role of water in amylopectin retrogradation and the relationship among starch type, environmental RH, moisture sorption prior to retrogradation, and water redistribution during retrogradation.Practical ApplicationStarch gelatinization and retrogradation require molecular mobility, which is facilitated by water. Limited retrogradation occurred in lyophiles in the glassy state (90% RH, 25 °C), but increasing the storage RH (to ≥92.5% RH) resulted in increasing amylopectin retrogradation (note: many baked products have water activities in this range). Regardless of starch type (botanical source and amylose content), when the storage RH was high enough, the starch lyophiles first absorbed water, which depressed the Tg below the storage temperature, and then exhibited concomitant retrogradation and water expulsion. The water expelled during amylopectin retrogradation was not (fully) retained in the amorphous starch fraction, which is why samples lost weight. Water leaving the starch matrix during retrogradation could pose challenges for quality, texture, and shelf‐life of starch‐based products.
The influence of sex and estrous cyclicity on cocaine and remifentanil demand in rats
Authors: Lacy Ryan T. , Austin Bridget P. , Strickland Justin C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe application of behavioral economic demand theory in addiction science has proved useful for evaluating individual characteristics underlying abuse liability. Two factors that have received comparably little attention within this literature are sex and gonadal hormones. We determined cocaine and remifentanil demand in male and female rats using a within‐session procedure. Cocaine and remifentanil demand were evaluated for 15 consecutive days using a balanced, crossover design that randomized drug order. This design allowed for the evaluation of temporal and exposure effects on two independent dimensions of demand, unconstrained demand (Q0) and demand elasticity (α). Estrous cyclicity was tracked to determine the contribution of phase to demand. No overall sex differences were observed. Increased unconstrained demand for cocaine and remifentanil was observed in females during periods in which estrogen was high (eg, estrus phase). Unconstrained remifentanil demand escalated over the 15‐day testing period, but escalation was not observed for cocaine or for demand elasticity. A significant exposure effect was also observed in which greater prior remifentanil intake increased unconstrained cocaine demand and reduced cocaine demand elasticity. These effects were directionally specific as no significant effects of prior cocaine exposure were observed on remifentanil demand measures. These data suggest that unconstrained demand and demand elasticity do not differ between male and female subjects; however, that unconstrained demand is associated with estrous cyclicity. These findings also suggest that opioid exposure enhances subsequent demand for psychomotor stimulants, which may be important when considering recent increases in nonmedical prescription opioid use in the United States.
Neuroimmune and epigenetic involvement in adolescent binge ethanol‐induced loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons: Restoration with voluntary exercise
Authors: Vetreno Ryan P. , Bohnsack John Peyton , Kusumo Handojo , Liu Wen , Pandey Subhash C. , Crews Fulton T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBinge drinking and alcohol abuse are common during adolescence and cause lasting pathology. Preclinical rodent studies using the adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE; 5.0 g/kg, i.g., 2‐day on/2‐day off from postnatal day [P]25 to P55) model of human adolescent binge drinking report decreased basal forebrain cholinergic (ie, ChAT+) neurons that persist into adulthood (ie, P56‐P220). Recent studies link AIE‐induced neuroimmune activation to cholinergic pathology, but the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to the persistent loss of basal forebrain ChAT+ neurons are unknown. We report here that the AIE‐induced loss of cholinergic neuron markers (ie, ChAT, TrkA, and p75NTR), cholinergic neuron shrinkage, and increased expression of the neuroimmune marker pNF‐κB p65 are restored by exercise exposure from P56 to P95 after AIE. Our data reveal that persistently reduced expression of cholinergic neuron markers following AIE is because of the loss of the cholinergic neuron phenotype most likely through an epigenetic mechanism involving DNA methylation and histone 3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2). Adolescent intermittent ethanol caused a persistent increase in adult H3K9me2 and DNA methylation at promoter regions of Chat and H3K9me2 of Trka, which was restored by wheel running. Exercise also restored the AIE‐induced reversal learning deficits on the Morris water maze. Together, these data suggest that AIE‐induced adult neuroimmune signaling and cognitive deficits are linked to suppression of Chat and Trka gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms that can be restored by exercise. Exercise restoration of the persistent AIE‐induced phenotypic loss of cholinergic neurons via epigenetic modifications is novel mechanism of neuroplasticity.
Analysis of 15q11.2 CNVs in an Indian population with schizophrenia
Authors: Saxena Sonal , Kkani Poornima , Ramasubramanian Chellamuthu , Kumar Srinivasan Ganesh , Monisha Raghav , Prasad Rao Gundugurti , Mohan Kommu Naga 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCopy number variants (CNVs) of 15q11.2 yielded conflicting reports on their association with schizophrenia (SZ), indicating the need for replication studies. Because there are no 15q11.2 CNV studies on Indian patients, we began by testing 307 SZ patients and 359 age‐ and sex‐matched controls from South India. Using an improved multiplex ligation probe amplification, six deletions were found in patients and three in controls (p = 0.31), whereas one duplication was found in patients and three in controls (p = 0.63). Analysis of families of two patients and two controls with deletions indicated that the mutations were de novo. In conclusion, there seems to be no significant difference in the frequencies of 15q11.2 CNVs among the controls and patients studied here. Future studies involving a larger number of controls and patients are expected to provide better clarity on the relationship between 15q11.2 CNVs and SZ patients from India.
Most impactful predictors for hyperoxaemia in exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease managed by Emergency Medical Services and Emergency Department
Authors: Lim Beng Leong , Cheah Si Oon , Goh Hsin Kai , Lee Francis Chun Yue , Ng Yih Yng , Guo Wen Jia , Ong Marcus Eng Hock 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionHyperoxemia in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) leads to adverse outcomes. It remains prevalent in the pre‐hospital Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and Emergency Department (ED).ObjectiveTo determine the key predictors for hyperoxemia in AECOPD in EMS and ED.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of AECOPD patients in EMS and two EDs. Hyperoxemia was defined as PaO2 > 65 mm Hg (corresponds to SpO2 > 92%). We determined apriori candidate factors in Patient, Organization and Staff domains. Primary outcomes were the key predictors for hyperoxemia. Secondary outcomes were in‐hospital mortality and mechanical ventilation rates in hyperoxemic versus non‐hyperoxemic groups. We generated a logistic regression model for each domain. We reported the adjusted odds ratios (AORs), 95% CIs and p values. We selected the output factors using AOR ≥2.0 and ≥2.5 for modifiable and non‐modifiable factors, respectively. These selected factors were fed into a final model with eventual factors selected based on: threshold AORs as stated above and/or 95% CIs including these AORs.ResultsThree hundred and twenty‐six patients were analysed; 60.7% had hyperoxemia. We found three eventual modifiable factors; first, ED SpO2 > 95% [AOR 2.62 (95% CIs: 1.61‐4.33); P < 0.001], EMS non‐rebreathing mask [AOR 2.01 (95% CIs: 1.06‐3.97); P = 0.04]; and ED nasal cannula [AOR 1.69 (95% CIs: 1.05‐2.72); P = 0.03]. Secondary outcomes did not differ between groups.ConclusionWe identified three key modifiable predictors. We intend to conduct an interventional study using them to reduce hyperoxemia rate in AECOPD.
Context matters: Characteristics of solitary versus social cannabis use
Authors: Spinella Toni C. , Stewart Sherry H. , Barrett Sean P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsGiven the increase in cannabis availability and use in North America, identification of risk factors for cannabis use and dependence is paramount. One factor that may be associated with various cannabis‐related adverse outcomes is the context in which it is used. This secondary analysis study sought to examine the extent to which the social context of cannabis use is related to patterns of use and associated harms.Design and MethodsOne hundred and eighty‐eight adult cannabis users were community‐recruited in Halifax, Canada. Participants took part in a face‐to‐face structured interview where they provided information about the social context of their most recent cannabis‐using occasion and about their patterns of, and motives for, cannabis use.ResultsCompared to individuals reporting their most recent cannabis‐using occasion as social, solitary users (n = 55) were significantly more likely to screen positive for psychosis, endorse more symptoms of cannabis abuse/dependence, report using cannabis to cope, and use cannabis on more days within the previous 30 days. On the other hand, social users were significantly more likely to report using alcohol in addition to cannabis during their most recent cannabis‐using occasion (all P < 0.05).Discussion and ConclusionsResults suggest that solitary cannabis use may be associated with specific motives for use and future adverse consequences. Findings from this study serve as a guide for future investigations which could ultimately inform public policy and the development of targeted harm‐reduction strategies.
Lost in authoritarian development: Have global climate deals and the aid community sacrificed the Vietnamese highland population?
Authors: Bruun Ole 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMotivationGlobal climate agreements and associated funding mechanisms tend to ignore the knowledge and experience accumulated in conventional aid interventions over several decades. The consequences are particularly pronounced in authoritarian regimes, where marginal population groups may be subjected to technocratic development plans in the name of global climate goals and social safeguards are difficult to monitor.PurposeThe article examines the implications of climate‐related interventions for ethnic minority communities in the highlands of Vietnam, as they are caught in the conflicting development logics between the international donor community, vowing to defend their interests, and the Vietnamese government administration.ApproachThe study builds on a comprehensive household survey on REDD+ activities and livelihoods in two districts (three communes) in upland Lao Cai province in northern Vietnam. The survey was supplemented with in‐depth interviews with villagers, extensive talks with governments (People's Committees) at provincial, district and commune level, and various observations and interviews across the province.FindingsThe study finds that embeddedness is of key importance. However well‐intended climate‐related interventions may be, they cannot alter crucial conditions of social organization and governance. In the highlands of Vietnam, climate‐related funding tends to be aligned with a long series of government programmes for their transformation and the assimilation of ethnic minorities that have continued since 1975. Despite the international focus on “social safeguards”, ethnic minority people lose access to forest resources while most are trapped in poverty. The findings add to a growing literature that is critical of REDD+.Policy implicationsCurrent economic growth priorities have negative social and cultural impacts of such magnitude that they go beyond acceptable trade‐offs, and also threaten the very objective of climate‐mitigation projects. Both the basic safeguard instruments (a rights‐based approach, the Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) process, and a broad range of stakeholder engagements) and the global standards enshrined in the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure (VGGT) are in practice set aside by the authoritarian state. This tends to be commonly available knowledge, and it would seem that international donors observing the mandate of global climate deals have become insensitive to rights. In order to secure continued backing to global climate‐related funding mechanisms, however, improved monitoring is urgently needed.
Efficient sampling for geostatistical surveys
Authors: Wadoux Alexandre M.J.‐C. , Marchant Benjamin P. , Lark Richard M. 
Published: February 2019

A geostatistical survey for soil requires rational choices regarding the sampling strategy. If the variogram of the property of interest is known then it is possible to optimize the sampling scheme such that an objective function related to the survey error is minimized. However, the variogram is rarely known prior to sampling. Instead it must be approximated by using either a variogram estimated from a reconnaissance survey or a variogram estimated for the same soil property in similar conditions. For this reason, spatial coverage schemes are often preferred, because they rely on the simple dispersion of sampling units as uniformly as possible, and are similar to those produced by minimizing the kriging variance. If extra sampling locations are added close to those in a spatial coverage scheme then the scheme might be broadly similar to one produced by minimizing the total error (i.e. kriging variance plus the prediction error due to uncertainty in the covariance parameters). We consider the relative merits of these different sampling approaches by comparing their mean total error for different specified random functions. Our results showed the considerable benefit of adding close‐pairs to a spatial coverage scheme, and that optimizing with respect to the total error generally gave a small further advantage. When we consider the example of sampling for geostatistical survey of clay content of the soil, an optimized scheme based on the average of previously reported clay variograms was fairly robust compared to the spatial coverage plus close‐pairs scheme. We conclude that the direct optimization of spatial surveys was only rarely worthwhile. For most cases, it is best to apply a spatial coverage scheme with a proportion of additional sampling locations to provide some closely spaced pairs. Furthermore, our results indicated that the number of observations required for an effective geostatistical survey depend on the variogram parameters.Highlights
We compared spatial coverage and spatial coverage plus a subset of 10% from the total sample as close‐pairs.
The objective function encompasses variogram uncertainty and prediction error variance.
Spatial coverage schemes always performed poorly because of the lack of information at short distances.
Using a scheme in which 10% of the sampling units are taken at short distances is a robust strategy.
Reconciling ecogeographical rules: rainfall and temperature predict global colour variation in the largest bird radiation
Authors: Delhey Kaspar , Dale James , Valcu Mihai , Kempenaers Bart 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEcogeographical rules that associate climate with organismal form and function can reveal patterns of climatic adaptation. Two rules link animal coloration with climate: Gloger's rule (darker coloration where wet and warm), and Bogert's rule (darker coloration where cold). Whereas Gloger's rule was proposed for endotherms, and Bogert's rule for ectotherms, both rules may apply more broadly, despite their seemingly opposing effects. Here, we test this contradiction on a global scale across passerine birds. Consistent with Gloger's rule, birds were darker in wetter areas and, following Bogert's rule, lighter where warm, although birds became lighter again at very low temperatures. Rainfall and temperature had antagonistic or additive effects depending on their pattern of covariation, and this predicted whether birds followed the rules. We integrate both rules into a general framework to explain heterogeneity in climatic effects on coloration, which has implications to understand patterns of diversification, climatic adaptation and climate change impacts.