bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation is associated with lower incidence of heart failure and death
Authors: Modin Daniel , Claggett Brian , Gislason Gunnar , Hansen Morten Lock , Worck Rene , Johannessen Arne , Hansen Jim , Svendsen Jesper Hastrup , Pallisgaard Jannik L , Schou Morten , Køber Lars , Solomon Scott D , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Biering-Sørensen Tor 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Aims
Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (CAF) improves symptoms, but whether CAF improves outcome is less clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CAF is associated with improved outcome in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with previous direct current (DC) cardioversion.

Methods and results
We performed a nationwide cohort study including all patients who underwent their 1st direct current cardioversion for AF in the period 2003–15 (N = 25 439). End points were all-cause death, cardiovascular death, stroke/thromboembolism, and incident heart failure (HF). Catheter ablation for AF was treated as a time-varying covariate and the association with outcome was assessed using Cox regression. We also constructed a propensity-matched cohort and assessed the association between CAF and outcome. Median follow-up was 5.3 years (inter-quartile range 3.0–8.7 years). A total of 3509 patients (13.8%) underwent CAF during the study period. Following adjustment for age, gender, comorbidities, medications, educational level, household income, and CHA2DS2VASc score, CAF was associated with reduced risks of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and incident HF [all-cause death: hazard ratio (HR) 0.69, P &lt; 0.001; cardiovascular death: HR 0.68, P = 0.003; incident HF: HR 0.76, P = 0.011]. Catheter ablation for AF was not associated with a reduced risk of stroke/thromboembolism. These results were replicated in a propensity-matched cohort.

Conclusion
In AF patients with a prior DC cardioversion, CAF was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death. This may be due to a reduced risk of HF.
Real-time coseismic deformations from adaptively tight integration of high-rate GNSS and strong motion records
Authors: Zang Jianfei , Xu Caijun , Chen Guanxu , Wen Qiang , Fan Shijie 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARYIn traditional tight integration of high-rate GNSS and strong motion sensors, an appropriate process variance is crucial for obtaining accurate broad-band coseismic deformations. In this paper, instead of using a subjectively empirical value, we present an approach for determining the process variance adaptively based on the adaptive Kalman filter for real-time use. The performance of the approach was validated by the colocated stations collected during the 2010 Mw 7.2 earthquake in El-Mayor, 2016 Mw 7.8 earthquake in New Zealand and 2016 Mw 6.5 earthquake in central Italy. The results show that this method complements the advantages of GNSS and strong motion accelerometers and can provide more accurate coseismic waveforms especially during the strong shaking period, due to the ability of the method to adjust the process variance in real time according to the actual status of the station. In addition, this method is also free from the influence of the baseline shift. Testing of the new method for the integration of strong motion and multi-GNSS indicates that multi-GNSS has an obvious improvement in the precision while single GPS has a poor observation condition.
Effects of age and size on spawning and egg production in gag and scamp grouper off the southeastern United States
Authors: Gamboa-Salazar Keilin R , Wyanski David M , Bubley Walter J , Klibansky Nikolai 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Stock assessments historically have used age- and size-independent methods to estimate reproductive output in marine fishes. Recent assessments have used total egg production (TEP), often assuming an invariant spawning frequency (SF) for all females. However, spawning parameters vary with age and size, which invalidates this assumption. This study investigated the age- and size-dependence of female spawning fraction, duration, and frequency in two economically valuable species, gag (Mycteroperca microlepis) and scamp (Mycteroperca phenax), in Atlantic waters off the southeastern United States, with the ultimate objective of quantifying the effect of these dependencies on TEP estimates. Spawning parameters had moderate-to-strong dome-shaped relationships with age and size (r2 = 0.63–0.94), peaking at intermediate ages and sizes. As larger, older females approach sexual transition, they may increase their lifetime reproductive success by shifting energy resources away from female reproductive investment (i.e. eggs) towards investment that will promote future male reproductive success (i.e. gonad transformation). The estimate of TEP based on age-dependent SF was 38% lower for gag and 41% lower for scamp than the estimate based on age-independent (AI) SF; therefore, the AI method overestimates stock productivity. Incorporating age- and size-based reproductive data into assessments can lead to more reliable stock productivity estimates and potentially improved management.
Differences in Duration and Degree of Cytomegalovirus DNAemia Observed With Two Standardized Quantitative Nucleic Acid Tests and Implications for Clinical Care
Authors: Meesing Atibordee , Germer Jeffrey J , Yao Joseph D , Gartner Michelle L , Digmann Benjamin J , Razonable Raymund R 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) viral loads overall were 0.29 log IU/mL higher with cobas CMV for use on the cobas 6800/8800 System (cobas CMV) compared with Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan CMV Test (CAP/CTM CMV). Cytomegalovirus DNAemia was detected 11.5 days earlier by cobas CMV, whereas clearance was delayed by 12.8 days. Cytomegalovirus remained detectable by cobas CMV in 44.2% of patients at the time of viral clearance as determined by CAP/CTM CMV. Undetectable viral load by cobas CMV at end of treatment was associated with reduced risk for retreatment (odds ratio, 0.26; 95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.99; P = .05).The use of different quantitative cytomegalovirus nucleic acid tests may affect direct patient care as a result of significant differences in reporting the degree of CMV DNAemia and the time to first detection and clearance of CMV DNAemia.
Securing High Levels of Business Compliance with Environmental Laws: What Works and What to Avoid
Authors: Kellett Peter 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This regulatory reflection considers an elusive question: how to secure high levels of business compliance with environmental laws? It examines, at a time of great uncertainty and challenge for environmental law and policy, what forms of regulatory intervention appear to have worked and some that have clearly failed with a view to drawing lessons. Some fresh evidence is presented on specific environmental interventions which the Environment Agency for England has found appear to work and on some which do not appear to work. It is suggested that despite its many shortcomings well-designed and enforced environmental regulation when aligned to the market delivers huge benefits to society.
Combined petrophysics and 3D seismic attributes to predict shale reservoirs favourable areas
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Gulan , Cao Junxing , Zhang Jianjun , Yu Gang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo achieve the economic and effective development of shale gas, it is not only necessary to determine favourable geological areas but also to pay more attention to favourable engineering areas. Geologically favourable areas are measured on their total organic carbon (TOC) content, thickness of high-quality shale and fractures, and favourable engineering areas are assessed on brittleness and fractures, but in most cases fractures occur in both geological and engineering favourable areas. The Zhao104 well is located in the Sichuan Basin in China, in the Longmaxi (LMX) Formation, and has an abundant shale gas content based on drilling and well log interpretation. It is necessary to clarify the distribution of shale gas favourable areas in this area, which plays a vital role in determining horizontal wells. In this paper, petrophysics and three-dimensional seismic attributes are used to predict the favourable shale reservoir area. Based on the petro-physical model, the most sensitive elastic parameters of the TOC content and brittleness are determined, a relationship model of the sensitive elastic parameters with TOC content and brittleness is created from logs and pre-stack inversion is used to characterize the shale brittleness, TOC content and thickness of high-quality shale. Different scale seismic fracture attributes are used to predict the strength and direction of fractures. The field data show that combined petrogeophysics and 3D seismic attributes can effectively predict a favourable shale reservoir area, reducing the need for exploration and development risks.
Clinical impact of baseline renal function on safety and early discontinuation of adjuvant capecitabine plus oxaliplatin in elderly patients with resected colon cancer: a multicenter post-marketing surveillance study
Authors: Yamazaki Kentaro , Matsumoto Shigemi , Imamura Chiyo K , Yamagiwa Chiemi , Shimizu Ayaka , Yoshino Takayuki 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Adjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) is a standard treatment for resected colon cancer; however, in patients with moderate renal impairment, the incidence of CAPOX-related adverse events (AEs) and the rate of early discontinuation are higher than in patients with no or mild renal impairment. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the impact of baseline renal function on the safety and discontinuation of adjuvant CAPOX therapy started with the standard dose of capecitabine in elderly patients with colon cancer.

Methods
Data from patients aged ≥65 years old who received CAPOX at the standard starting dose as adjuvant therapy for stage II/III colon cancer were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups based on their renal function: CLcr-H (patients with a creatinine clearance [CLcr] ≥50 ml/min) and CLcr-L (CLcr <50 ml/min), and AEs and discontinuations were assessed.

Results
Overall, 189 patients were assessed (CLcr-H group = 137 and CLcr-L group = 52). No patients experienced grade 4 AEs. The incidence of grade 3 CAPOX-related AEs was higher in the CLcr-L group (42.3%) than in the CLcr-H group (31.3%). The proportion of patients who discontinued treatment within four cycles due to AEs was also higher in the CLcr-L group (21.1%) than in the CLcr-H group (2.9%). Multivariate analysis identified that CLcr <50 ml/min was the only significant risk factor for CAPOX therapy discontinuation due to AEs (P = 0.0008).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that the tolerability of adjuvant CAPOX therapy was decreased in elderly patients with impaired renal function.

Clinical trial registration
University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry number UMIN000016446.
IRES-mediated cap-independent translation, a path leading to hidden proteome
Authors: Yang Yun , Wang Zefeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMost eukaryotic mRNAs are translated in a cap-dependent fashion; however, under stress conditions, the cap-independent translation driven by internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) can serve as an alternative mechanism for protein production. Many IRESs have been discovered from viral or cellular mRNAs to promote ribosome assembly and initiate translation by recruiting different trans-acting factors. Although the mechanisms of translation initiation driven by viral IRESs are relatively well understood, the existence of cellular IRESs is still under debate due to the limitations of translation reporter systems used to assay IRES activities. A recent screen identified &gt; 1000 putative IRESs from viral and human mRNAs, expanding the scope and mechanism for cap-independent translation. Additionally, a large number of circular RNAs lacking free ends were identified in eukaryotic cells, many of which are found to be translated through IRESs. These findings suggest that IRESs may play a previously unappreciated role in driving translation of the new type of mRNA, implying a hidden proteome produced from cap-independent translation.
Availability of Logging Residues and Likelihood of Their Utilization for Electricity Production in the US South
Authors: Pokharel Raju , Grala Robert K , Latta Gregory S , Grebner Donald L , Grado Stephen C , Poudel Jagdish 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study estimated quantities of logging residues that can physically be recovered from harvest sites and utilized for electricity production in the US South. Because of a small number of mills utilizing logging residues, this study determined their willingness to utilize additional logging residues to produce electricity as a function of woody residue utilization characteristics of a mill and mill management’s attitudes toward factors limiting utilization of this feedstock. Approximately 98 percent of logging residues occur within a 35-mile hauling distance from mills. Although almost all physically available logging residues could be recovered with a relatively short hauling distance, a mail survey indicated that only 4 percent of mills utilized this feedstock. Willingness to utilize additional logging residues to produce electricity by mill management was positively associated with the quantity of woody residues already used and anticipated equipment upgrades to facilitate electricity production, whereas it was negatively related with the quantity of generated mill residues. Mill management that considered a lack of storage space an important limitation was less likely to utilize additional logging residues. Increased utilization of logging residues for electricity production will be contingent on the implementation of bioenergy favorable policies and availability of technical and financial assistance to mills.
The fulcrum wavelength of young stellar objects - the case of LRLL 31
Authors: Bryan Geoffrey R , Maddison Sarah T , Liffman Kurt 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A small subset of young stellar objects (YSOs) exhibit “see-saw” temporal variations in their mid-infrared SED; as the flux short-ward of a fulcrum wavelength (λf) increases the flux long-wards of this wavelength decreases (and vice-versa) over timescales of weeks to years. While previous studies have shown that an opaque, axisymmetric occulter of variable height can cause this behaviour in the SED of these objects, the conditions under which a single λf occurs have not previously been determined, nor the factors determining its value. Using radiative transfer modelling, we conduct a parametric study of the exemplar of this class, LRLL 31 to explore this phenomenon, and confirm that the cause of this flux variation is likely due to the change in height of the optically thick inner rim of the accretion disc at the dust sublimation radius, or some other phenomenon which results in a similar appearance. We also determine that a fulcrum wavelength only occurs for high inclinations, where the line of sight intersects the accretion disc. Accepting that the disc of LRLL 31 is highly inclined, the inner rim radius, radial and vertical density profiles are independently varied to gauge what effect this had on λf and its position relative to the silicate feature near $10 \rm {\mu m}$. While λf is a function of each of these parameters, it is found to be most strongly dependent on the vertical density exponent β. All other factors being held constant, only for flatter discs (β < 1.2) did we find a λf beyond the silicate feature.
The host galaxies of double compact objects across cosmic time
Authors: Toffano Mattia , Mapelli Michela , Giacobbo Nicola , Artale M Celeste , Ghirlanda Giancarlo 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We explore the host galaxies of compact-object binaries (black hole–black hole binaries, BHBs; neutron star–black hole binaries, NSBHs; double–neutron stars; DNSs) across cosmic time, by means of population-synthesis simulations combined with the Illustris cosmological simulation. At high redshift (z ≳ 4), the host galaxies of BHBs, NSBHs, and DNSs are very similar and are predominantly low-mass galaxies (stellar mass M < 1011 M⊙). If z ≳ 4, most compact objects form and merge in the same galaxy, with a short delay time. At low redshift (z ≤ 2), the host galaxy populations of DNSs differ significantly from the host galaxies of both BHBs and NSBHs. DNSs merging at low redshift tend to form and merge in the same galaxy, with relatively short delay time. The stellar mass of DNS hosts peaks around ∼1010–1011 M⊙. In contrast, BHBs and NSBHs merging at low redshift tend to form in rather small galaxies at high redshift and then to merge in larger galaxies with long delay times. This difference between DNSs and black hole binaries is a consequence of their profoundly different metallicity dependence.
HD 42659: the only known roAp star in a spectroscopic binary observed with B photometry, TESS, and SALT
Authors: Holdsworth Daniel L , Saio Hideyuki , Kurtz Donald W 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a multi-instrument analysis of the rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) star HD 42659. We have obtained B photometric data for this star and use these data, in conjunction with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observations, to analyse the high-frequency pulsation in detail. We find a triplet that is split by the rotation frequency of the star (νrot = 0.3756 d−1; Prot = 2.66 d) and present both distorted dipole and distorted quadrupole mode models. We show that the pulsation frequency, 150.9898 d−1 (Ppuls = 9.54 min), is greater than the acoustic cut-off frequency. We utilize 27 high-resolution ($R\simeq 65\, 000$), high signal-to-noise ratio (∼120) spectra to provide new orbital parameters for this, the only known roAp star to be in a short-period binary (Porb = 93.266 d). We find the system to be more eccentric than previously thought, with e = 0.317, and suggest the companion is a mid-F to early-K star. We find no significant trend in the average pulsation mode amplitude with time, as measured by TESS, implying that the companion does not have an effect on the pulsation in this roAp star. We suggest further photometric observations of this star, and further studies to find more roAp stars in close binaries to characterize how binarity may affect the detection of roAp pulsations.
Evolution of lithium in the Milky Way halo, discs, and bulge
Authors: Grisoni V , Matteucci F , Romano D , Fu X 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this work, we study the Galactic evolution of lithium by means of chemical evolution models in the light of the most recent spectroscopic data from Galactic stellar surveys. We consider detailed chemical evolution models for the Milky Way halo, discs, and bulge, and we compare our model predictions with the most recent spectroscopic data for these different Galactic components. In particular, we focus on the decrease of lithium at high metallicity observed by the AMBRE Project, the Gaia-ESO Survey, and other spectroscopic surveys, which still remains unexplained by theoretical models. We analyse the various lithium producers and confirm that novae are the main source of lithium in the Galaxy, in agreement with other previous studies. Moreover, we show that, by assuming that the fraction of binary systems giving rise to novae is lower at higher metallicity, we can suggest a novel explanation to the lithium decline at super-solar metallicities: the aforementioned assumption is based on independent constraints on the nova system birth rate, which have been recently proposed in the literature. As regards the thick disc, it is less lithium enhanced due to the shorter time-scale of formation and higher star formation efficiency with respect to the thin disc; therefore, we have a faster evolution and the ‘reverse knee’ in the A(Li) versus [Fe/H] relation is shifted towards higher metallicities. Finally, we present our predictions about lithium evolution in the Galactic bulge, which, however, still need further data to be confirmed or disproved.
Translational recoding: canonical translation mechanisms reinterpreted
Authors: Rodnina Marina V , Korniy Natalia , Klimova Mariia , Karki Prajwal , Peng Bee-Zen , Senyushkina Tamara , Belardinelli Riccardo , Maracci Cristina , Wohlgemuth Ingo , Samatova Ekaterina , Peske Frank 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
During canonical translation, the ribosome moves along an mRNA from the start to the stop codon in exact steps of one codon at a time. The collinearity of the mRNA and the protein sequence is essential for the quality of the cellular proteome. Spontaneous errors in decoding or translocation are rare and result in a deficient protein. However, dedicated recoding signals in the mRNA can reprogram the ribosome to read the message in alternative ways. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of three types of recoding events: stop-codon readthrough, –1 ribosome frameshifting and translational bypassing. Recoding events provide insights into alternative modes of ribosome dynamics that are potentially applicable to other non-canonical modes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation.
Calciprotein particle inhibition explains magnesium-mediated protection against vascular calcification
Authors: ter Braake Anique D , Eelderink Coby , Zeper Lara W , Pasch Andreas , Bakker Stephan J L , de Borst Martin H , Hoenderop Joost G J , de Baaij Jeroen H F 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Phosphate (Pi) toxicity is a strong determinant of vascular calcification development in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Magnesium (Mg2+) may improve cardiovascular risk via vascular calcification. The mechanism by which Mg2+ counteracts vascular calcification remains incompletely described. Here we investigated the effects of Mg2+ on Pi and secondary crystalline calciprotein particles (CPP2)-induced calcification and crystal maturation.

Methods
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were treated with high Pi or CPP2 and supplemented with Mg2+ to study cellular calcification. The effect of Mg2+ on CPP maturation, morphology and composition was studied by medium absorbance, electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. To translate our findings to CKD patients, the effects of Mg2+ on calcification propensity (T50) were measured in sera from CKD patients and healthy controls.

Results
Mg2+ supplementation prevented Pi-induced calcification in VSMCs. Mg2+ dose-dependently delayed the maturation of primary CPP1 to CPP2 in vitro. Mg2+ did not prevent calcification and associated gene and protein expression when added to already formed CPP2. Confirmatory experiments in human serum demonstrated that the addition of 0.2 mmol/L Mg2+ increased T50 from healthy controls by 51 ± 15 min (P &lt; 0.05) and CKD patients by 44 ± 13 min (P &lt; 0.05). Each further 0.2 mmol/L addition of Mg2+ led to further increases in both groups.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that crystalline CPP2 mediates Pi-induced calcification in VSMCs. In vitro, Mg2+ delays crystalline CPP2 formation and thereby prevents Pi-induced calcification.