bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La notion de contrôle social
Authors: Lenoir Rémi 
Published: March 2018

Si la notion de « contrôle social » désigne le contrôle que toute société exerce sur elle-même pour maintenir son ordre, ce truisme ne participe-t-il pas d'une « mythologie » savante qui n'a pas été sans effet dans le milieu des travailleurs sociaux au cours des années Soixante-dix ? Cette notion s'est diffusée dans cet univers par la lecture directe et surtout indirecte de l'œuvre de Michel Foucault, notamment de Surveiller et Punir. On ne peut comprendre les raisons de ce succès qu'en rappelant les propriétés sociales et familiales des travailleurs sociaux qui commencent à exercer à cette époque.
Décentralisation et transformation du travail social
Authors: Aballéa François 
Published: March 2018

Analyser l'impact de la décentralisation, c'est à-dire d'un changement de pouvoir et de légitimité, sur le travail social est quelque chose de difficile parce que trois phénomènes de nature distincte combinent leurs effets pour produire les transformations que l'on observe aujourd'hui : la décentralisation proprement dite, la recomposition du champ de l'action sociale sous l'effet de la crise et les mutations du milieu professionnel à travers la promotion, notamment, de « l'intervention sociale » (au lieu et place du travail social). Néanmoins, il paraît possible d'essayer de mettre en lumière l'incidence de la décentralisation en la matière. Celle-ci a exacerbé les logiques institutionnelles au sein du champ de l'action sociale (au détriment des logiques professionnelles). Elle a provoqué une transformation des règles et des valeurs du champ en plaçant en position hégémonique un acteur, le Conseil général, qui y était en grande partie extérieur. Elle a affecté le processus de professionnalisation des travailleurs sociaux et leur identité, limitant leur autonomie, générant une concurrence au niveau de l'expertise, manifestant chez les décideurs une incompréhension de l'éthique, affectant l'image du métier. Reste à savoir s'il s'agit là d'une période transitoire liée à l'inexpérience du Conseil général et à sa volonté d'affirmer ses prérogatives nouvelles ou d'une reconception d'ensemble de l'action sociale et, sous couvert d'une réorganisation du travail social, d'une redéfinition de ses missions et de sa place.
S'informer
Authors: Pinto Louis 
Published: March 2018

Une étude quantitative auprès d'abonnés d'une revue consumériste a été réalisée pour savoir comment s'acquiert la compétence spécifique qui permet de faire face aux aspects juridiques des « pépins » jalonnant la vie quotidienne (quatre domaines : logement, fiscalité, consommation, travail). Parmi les répondants dominent des membres de professions supérieures et moyennes dotés de certaines propriétés (âge élevé, résidence provinciale ou rurale, capital scolaire relativement faible). Leur besoin de savoir semble refléter le décalage entre le volume du patrimoine à préserver et l'étendue des ressources informatives permettant d'en assurer la jouissance sans problème. Au lieu d'envisager, comme trop souvent, la question de l'information comme un problème neutre de connaissance et de communication, il conviendrait de mieux comprendre le rapport différentiel au droit, et donc, à l'information (dont la réponse au questionnaire est évidemment un bon indice) : on pourrait opposer les techniques de protection des uns aux techniques d'insensibilisation des autres.
Extensive Thrombus and Brain Microabscesses After Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Chao Grace Faith , Hirji Sameer , Shikora Scott 
Published: March 2018

Sleeve gastrectomy is a relatively newer bariatric surgical procedure and has become the most common of all bariatric surgeries performed. Complication rates reported with sleeve gastrectomies are relatively low and are generally due to staple line leaks, hemorrhage, or sleeve stricture. Portal vein thrombosis is an uncommon but potentially dangerous complication. We present a case of a 21-year-old woman who developed thrombosis of the portal, splenic, and right common iliac veins that then resulted in multifocal brain abscesses from presumed Fusobacterium septic emboli following an uncomplicated laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.
Development and validation of a simple and rapid UPLC method for the in-vitro estimation of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in lipid-based formulations
Authors: El-Kayal Maha Osama , Sayed Maha Nasr , Mortada Nahed Dawood , Elkheshen Seham 
Published: March 2018

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a catechin found in green tea that has potential health benefits, such as anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. A rapid and sensitive Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatographic (UPLC) method was developed and validated for the estimation of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in lipid-based formulation. The UPLC method was conducted on C18 analytical column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm particle size). The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of acetic acid (1%, v:v; pH = 3), acetonitrile and water at volume ratio of 13:15:72 delivered at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The diode array detector (DAD) acquisition wavelength was set at wavelengths 210 and 280 nm. Caffeine was used as internal standard. The tested validation parameters, i.e., selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and sensitivity (Limit of detection and limit of quantification) were determined at both wavelengths. Results revealed that caffeine and EGCG peaks were eluted at retention times of 0.55 and 0.85 minutes, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 10-60 μg/mL, with coefficients of determination (r2) of 0.9993 and 0.9998 nm at 210 and 280 nm, respectively. All the validation parameters were found within the acceptable range. The proposed method was successfully applied for the quantitation of EGCG in lipid-based formulation and statistical analysis with a reported method showed no significant difference at p < 0.05. Therefore, the proposed analytical method for EGCG can be considered as a rapid, selective and accurate analytical method that can be used for the quantitative analysis of EGCG.
Gênero e acesso ao crédito rural na Associação Municipal Mulher Flor do Campo em Pernambuco
Authors: Sousa Gerlúcio Moura Bezerra de , Almeida Maria Das Graças Andrade Ataíde de , Leitão Maria Do Rosário de Fátima Andrade 
Published: March 2018

O artigo analisa o acesso ao crédito rural, por mulheres vinculadas à Associação Municipal de Desenvolvimento Produtivo das Mulheres Trabalhadoras Rurais e Artesãs Rurais de Santa Cruz da Baixa Verde-PE. A inclusão destas mulheres no Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar – Pronaf, foi analisado a partir das categorias teóricas relações de gênero e divisão sexual do trabalho. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, na qual a entrevista semiestruturada constituiu-se em principal instrumento de coleta de dados. A análise foi fundamentada em pressupostos teóricos metodológicos da Análise do Discurso (AD) elaboradas por Foucault e Dijk. Os resultados evidenciaram que, apesar dos avanços no que se refere ao acesso destas mulheres ao crédito do Pronaf, ele é operacionalizado, a partir do diálogo e das contribuições realizadas pelos respectivos companheiros. Desse modo, mantêm-se a hierarquização de poder no processo de gerenciamento destes recursos econômicos, mas elas galgaram espaços culturais, políticos e de tomada de decisão.
Neoclassical Diffusion of Radiation‐Belt Electrons Across Very Low L‐Shells
Authors: Cunningham Gregory S. , Loridan Vivien , Ripoll Jean‐François , Schulz Michael 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn the presence of drift‐shell splitting intrinsic to the International Geomagnetic Reference Field magnetic field model, pitch angle scattering from Coulomb collisions experienced by radiation‐belt electrons in the upper atmosphere and ionosphere produces extra radial diffusion, a form of neoclassical diffusion. The strength of the neoclassical radial diffusion at L < 1.2 exceeds that expected there from radial‐diffusion mechanisms traditionally considered and decreases with increasing L‐shell. In this work we construct a numerical model for this coupled (radial and pitch angle) collisional diffusion process and apply it to simulate raw count‐rate data observed aboard the Gemini spacecraft for several years after the 1962 Starfish nuclear detonation. The data show apparent lifetimes 10–100 times as long as would have been expected from collisional pitch angle diffusion and Coulomb drag alone. Our model reproduces apparent lifetimes for >0.5‐MeV electrons in the region 1.14 < L < 1.26 to within a factor of 2 (comparable to the uncertainty quoted for the observations). We conclude that neoclassical radial diffusion (resulting from drift‐shell splitting intrinsic to International Geomagnetic Reference Field's azimuthal asymmetries) mitigates the decay expected from collisional pitch angle diffusion and inelastic energy loss alone and thus contributes importantly to the long apparent lifetimes observed at these low L‐shells.
Externally Driven Onset of Localized Magnetic Reconnection and Disruption in a Magnetotail Configuration
Authors: Pritchett P. L. , Lu San 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe response of a magnetotail equilibrium containing dipole magnetic field and plasma sheet regions to the imposition of a longitudinally limited, high‐latitude driving electric field is investigated using 3‐D particle‐in‐cell simulations. The initial response involves a reduction in the equatorial Bz field that is then followed by the development of a dawn‐dusk asymmetric thin current sheet relative to the meridian plane of the driving field. Continued driving leads to the onset of localized reconnection and the emergence of magnetic flux ropes. The cross‐tail extent of the reconnection expands but remains limited to ∼30di, where di is the ion inertia length. A later stage involves disruption of the plasma sheet earthward of the initial X‐line with the formation of multiple field‐aligned currents connecting to the earthward boundary and strong local energization of the ions (4 times thermal) and electrons (10 times thermal). These results demonstrate the ability of a high‐latitude disturbance that may be connected to dayside flow channels to initiate localized magnetic reconnection and disruption in the magnetotail.
The Responses of Ozone Density to Solar Activity in the Mesopause Region and the Mutual Relationship Based on SABER Measurements During 2002–2016
Authors: Tang Chaoli , Wu Bo , Wei Yuanyuan , Qing Chun , Dai Congming , Li Jianyu , Wei Heli 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper is aimed to investigate the mutual relationship between ozone‐density at cold‐point mesopause (O3‐CPM) and solar activity globally using Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) measurements and the 10.7 cm‐solar‐radio‐flux (F10.7) data set. For this purpose, the global latitude regions are divided into 16 latitude bins. The global changes of O3‐CPM are presented in mesopause region during 2002–2016. SABER has documented dramatic variability in O3‐CPM on time scale of the 11‐year solar cycle. The observed changes in the global O3‐CPM correlate well with the changes in solar activity during 2002–2016 with correlation coefficient of 0.92, and the global solar response of O3‐CPM is (20.18 ± 2.24)%/100 solar flux units in mesopause. Then, the latitudinal distribution of O3‐CPM and its solar cycle dependence are presented for 16 latitude bins. The latitudinal correlation analysis shows that the O3‐CPM is significantly correlated to the solar cycle at or above the 95% confidence level for each latitude bin from 84°S to 70°N, and the correlation coefficients are remarkably higher in the southern hemisphere than for corresponding latitudes in the northern hemisphere. The latitudinal distribution of O3‐CPM takes on a W shape on a global scale, and the distribution of solar response of O3‐CPM is seen in a strong south‐north asymmetry between the two hemispheres. The solar response of O3‐CPM in latitudinal distribution decreases gradually from the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere, and the standard deviation of solar response increases gradually from the equator to the pole in each hemisphere.
Crustal Footprint of the Hainan Plume Beneath Southeast China
Authors: Liu Hao , Chen Fei , Leng Wei , Zhang Haijiang , Xu Yigang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlthough global and regional seismic tomography results have revealed the presence of a mantle plume beneath Hainan Island, there is little evidence for a hotspot track associated with the Hainan plume. Here a joint inversion of satellite gravity measurements and seismic surface wave dispersion data was performed, and the results show that a linear corridor of high seismic velocity anomalies beneath the crust is located northeast of Hainan Island beneath the Southeast China. Geodynamic modeling further demonstrates that this corridor could have been formed by the interactions between a mantle plume and the continental lithosphere with a weak lower crust. Volcanic age distributions of sporadic oceanic island basalts suggest that this track was likely formed since the late Cretaceous, which helps to constrain the averaged plate velocity of the South China Block, relative to the Hainan plume, to be ~1.8 cm/year to the northeast since 80 Ma. Our result provides a novel explanation for the crustal thickness variations, related Vs anomalies, and observed oceanic island basalts in this area. It also provides an independent way for constraining plate motion history of the continental lithosphere.
Direct Modeling of the Mechanical Strain Influence on Coda Wave Interferometry
Authors: Azzola J. , Schmittbuhl J. , Zigone D. , Magnenet V. , Masson F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCoda waves interferometry (CWI) aims at tracking small changes in solid materials like rocks where elastic waves are diffusing and so intensively sampling the medium, making the technique more sensitive than those relying on direct wave arrivals. Its application to ambient seismic noise correlation, referred to as ambient noise interferometry, has found a large range of applications over the past years like for reservoir monitoring or regional fault evolution. Physically, the changes in phases observed are typically interpreted as small variations of seismic velocities. However, this interpretation is questionable. The goal of the present work is to show from a direct numerical modeling that deformation signal also exists in CWI measurements which might provide new outcomes for the technique. For this purpose, we model seismic wave propagation within a diffusive medium using a spectral element approach (SPECFEM2D) during an elastic deformation of the medium. The mechanical behavior is obtained from a finite element approach (Code_Aster) keeping the mesh grid of the sample constant during the whole procedure to limit numerical artifacts. CWI of the late wave arrivals in the synthetic seismograms is performed using both a stretching technique in the time domain and a frequency cross‐correlation method. Both show that CWI is sensitive to the heterogeneity of the elastic deformation field in addition to the isotropic volumetric deformation and independently of nonlinear acoustoelastic effects. Implications for strain monitoring of reservoirs are discussed.
Sensitivity of a Simulated Squall Line During Southern China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment to Parameterization of Microphysics
Authors: Qian Qifeng , Lin Yanluan , Luo Yali , Zhao Xi , Zhao Zongci , Luo Yong , Liu Xi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA squall line on 22 May 2014 during the Southern China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment period is simulated with four bulk microphysical parameterizations (BMPs) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Although most BMPs are able to capture the basic features of the squall line, the movement, morphology, and especially the length of the simulated squall lines differ significantly among BMPs. Morrison scheme tends to simulate a slower moving squall line with a weaker cold pool and better trailing stratiform cloud and precipitation due to the smaller snow fall speed and faster generation of snow particles than other schemes. Assuming hail or graupel in different schemes could result in different melting profiles of rimed‐ice particles, with hail melted substantially below the 0°C isotherm and contributing to the cold pool production significantly in WRF double‐moment six‐class microphysics scheme because of its use of larger fall speed for hail. Although ice‐phase particles simulated differ significantly among BMPs, it is rain evaporation that dominates the cold pool generation and maintenance of the squall line in this case. Stronger rain evaporation generally contributes to stronger cold pools and thus faster movement and longer simulated squall lines. Failure of the Stony Brook University‐YLin scheme in capturing the squall line was identified to be related to the turnoff of rain evaporation once environmental relative humidity is larger than 90%. With modifications of rain evaporation calculation and saturation adjustment method, the scheme is able to simulate this squall line reasonably well.
Possible ENSO Influences on the Northwestern Tibetan Plateau Revealed by Annually Resolved Ice Core Records
Authors: Yang Xiaoxin , Yao Tandong , Deji  , Zhao Huabiao , Xu Baiqing 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTwo annually resolved ice core records, one drilled on Mutztagata (7,000 m above sea level) on the western slope (dated 1952–2002) and the other drilled on Kuokuosele (5,600 m above sea level) on the southwestern slope (dated 1900–2010) of the Pamir Plateau of the northwestern Tibetan Plateau (TP), were selected to study possible El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences on the northwestern TP. δ18O at KKSL was more enriched, though both records varied in phase. Eight of the 10 noticeably strong El Niño events since 1955 corresponded to δ18O depletions in both ice core records, which were followed by δ18O enrichment. Atmospheric circulation indices, including water vapor flux and divergence, had a coincidence of a positive Indian Ocean Dipole mode with El Niño events, which contributed to the northward transport of southerly flows from the western Indian Ocean; its convergence with midlatitude wind flows at high levels depleted δ18O levels. The meridional shift in the Asian‐Pacific subtropical high induced by latent heat release due to precipitation in the northwestern Pacific was found to play an important role in initiating convergence. A statistical analysis confirmed the significant correlations in δ18O with the ENSO index and tropical and subtropical summer monsoon circulations. We noted that the dominant circulation pattern over the northwestern TP was characterized by a midlatitude flow regime that had a teleconnection with tropical sea surface temperatures. Therefore, ENSO is one of a variety of influences on ice core δ18O on the TP.
Is Black Carbon an Unimportant Ice‐Nucleating Particle in Mixed‐Phase Clouds?
Authors: Vergara‐Temprado Jesús , Holden Mark A. , Orton Thomas R. , O'Sullivan Daniel , Umo Nsikanabasi S. , Browse Jo , Reddington Carly , Baeza‐Romero María Teresa , Jones Jenny M. , Lea‐Langton Amanda , Williams Alan , Carslaw Ken S. , Murray Benjamin J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that black carbon (BC) influences mixed‐phase clouds by acting as an ice‐nucleating particle (INP). However, the literature data for ice nucleation by BC immersed in supercooled water are extremely varied, with some studies reporting that BC is very effective at nucleating ice, whereas others report no ice‐nucleating ability. Here we present new experimental results for immersion mode ice nucleation by BC from two contrasting fuels (n‐decane and eugenol). We observe no significant heterogeneous nucleation by either sample. Using a global aerosol model, we quantify the maximum relative importance of BC for ice nucleation when compared with K‐feldspar and marine organic aerosol acting as INP. Based on the upper limit from our laboratory data, we show that BC contributes at least several orders of magnitude less INP than feldspar and marine organic aerosol. Representations of its atmospheric ice‐nucleating ability based on older laboratory data produce unrealistic results when compared against ambient observations of INP. Since BC is a complex material, it cannot be unambiguously ruled out as an important INP species in all locations at all times. Therefore, we use our model to estimate a range of values for the density of active sites that BC particles must have to be relevant for ice nucleation in the atmosphere. The estimated values will guide future work on BC, defining the required sensitivity of future experimental studies.
Comparison of Two Satellite‐Based Evapotranspiration Models of the Nagqu River Basin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zou Mijun , Zhong Lei , Ma Yaoming , Hu Yuanyuan , Huang Ziyu , Xu Kepiao , Feng Lu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) is one of the major uncertain components of the energy and water cycle and was derived for the Nagqu River Basin based on remote sensing data and atmospheric surface layer observations under cloudless conditions. Two process‐based models were used to determine the ET: a Priestley‐Taylor (PT)‐based model and a topographical enhanced surface energy balance system (TESEBS) model. Improved broadband albedo, downward shortwave radiation flux, and reconstructed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were coupled into the TESEBS model and PT‐based model to estimate the actual ET. The atmospheric surface layer meteorological data, SPOT Vegetation (VGT) data, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data were used as inputs for 10‐day ET calculations. The model‐estimated results were compared with ground truths calculated via the combinatory method. The results indicated that the ET determined by both models well fit the actual ET, with correlation coefficients (R) of 0.88 and 0.82, respectively. However, the TESEBS model showed a better performance than the PT model, with a lower mean bias error (−0.02 mm/hr) and lower root–mean‐square error (0.08 mm/hr). Although the PT model is computationally simple and requires few parameters, the strong weighting of the NDVI may lead to some overestimations, especially during the growing season.