bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidating Unique Synergic Enhancement Effect for H2O2 Production in Crystalline Carbon Nitride with Cyanamide‐Defect and Heptazine‐Triazine Junction
Authors: Shi Changxuan , Pan Ronglan , Yuan Jili , Liu Chengbin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCyanamide‐defect and heptazine/triazine (H/T) junction in g‐C3N4 (CN) have commonly been considered as an effective strategy for solar‐driven artificial H2O2 photosynthesis. However, their synergistic effect is still ambiguous regarding how to manipulate free electrons to effectively participate in the O2 reduction to H2O2. Herein, through the alkali‐salt‐assist‐thermal polymerization approach, a series of g‐C3N4 samples with cyanamide‐defect, and H/T junction aredeveloped. Subsequently, it is demonstrated that the appropriate ratio of cyanamide defect and H/T junction in crystalline CN can respectively facilitate the formation of free electrons at the shorter and longer lifetime scales due to their different strength driving forces. These electrons at the different lifetime scales can synergically and effectively participate in the direct 2e− and stepwise radical process for efficient H2O2 production. Eventually, it can elucidate that the optimal photocatalyst, owing to its crystalline structure with the proper ratio of H/T junction and cyanamide defect, achieved a remarkable H2O2 yield of 60.03 mmol h−1 g−1 with a quantum efficiency of 43.7% at 420 nm and a solar‐to‐chemical‐conversion efficiency of 2.55% under AM 1.5G irradiation. This work will open a bright avenue for the design of organic photocatalysts to manipulate charge carriers effectively engaging in the surface reaction.
Triangulating Computational and Qualitative Methods to Measure Scientific Uncertainty
Authors: Rosenberg Joshua M. , Bhidya Hadi , Pritchard Cody 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter outlines steps to analyze a complex construct of interest to science education researchers in a very commonly used digital media platform, YouTube, particularly popular science education-related videos. The construct of interest is uncertainty—established as important but challenging for teachers and researchers alike to recognize and understand as many definitions and operationalizations of uncertainty as it relates to learning science exist. To study uncertainty, transcripts of videos are created using Python and the Python packages pytube and Whisper, and a two-step triangulation approach that combines a computational (a dictionary-based text analysis) and qualitative approach. In the text analysis step, transcripts of videos are searched for key uncertainty-related terms using the statistical software R. Next, qualitative coding of the transcripts is carried out, with the output from the first step as a support for the task of developing an initial set of codes for the types of uncertainty present in the science education videos.The proposed chapter contributes to the book by providing a practical guide for researchers interested in studying complex constructs using an approach that merges some of the benefits of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Python and R code are provided to support researchers to replicate and draw on the analysis carried out.
Future Directions
Authors: Krist Christina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In many ways, it is a fool’s errand to attempt to write a “future directions” chapter given the rapid pace at which AI is developing. Case in point: when we began writing this book, ChatGPT did not exist, and now, less than a year later, the conversation about the role of generative AI in education has taken up significant space in both formal and informal conversations. We have no doubt that technological advances are going to continue at a rapid pace. So, in light of this, rather than predict or project future applications of machine learning or AI more broadly in science education (see Zhai’s (2023) concluding chapter if you are looking for these types of insights), we would like to offer our perspective on our responsibilities and obligations as we continue to engage with the methodological advances in the field.
EU and Russian Hegemonic Power Over Time: From a Common Neighbourhood Policy Towards Differentiation
Authors: Burmester Isabell 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter synthesises the diachronic comparison of the EU and Russia’s use of hegemonic power mechanisms (coercion, prescription, and co-optation) over time in Moldova and Armenia. It highlights how these mechanisms evolved and became more interlinked for the EU, while Russia developed them separately. The EU increasingly utilised conditionality and sanctions, linking these to the promotion of “European values” and food safety rules. As EU-Russia relations grew more contentious, Russia’s co-optation activities became more confrontational, emphasising the Othering of the EU. The analysis reveals that Russia’s use of coercion was closer to the ideal type, characterised by unilateral threats or punishments reacting to Western orientations in neighbourhood countries. The EU’s coercion, focused on rewards, demanded democratic and institutional reforms. In prescription, the EU’s approach, through extensive legislative approximation and regulatory obligations, was more coherent compared to Russia’s Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) standards, which emulated EU norms but retained a product-focused safety approach.
Fossiler Erdgasausstieg
Authors: Präger Fabian 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Die Nutzung von fossilem Erdgas wird oft als klimafreundliche Alternative zu Kohle und Öl dargestellt, ist jedoch aufgrund seiner hohen Treibhausgasemissionen und langfristigen Klimarisiken nicht mit den Zielen der Energiewende vereinbar. Die Erzählung von Erdgas als „Brückentechnologie“ legitimiert eine nicht zukunftsfähige Infrastruktur, die zu Lock-in-Effekten und erheblichen wirtschaftlichen Risiken wie Asset-Stranding führt. Eine kritische Analyse zeigt, dass Methan nicht dekarbonisiert werden kann und fossiles Erdgas daher keine Rolle in einem emissionsfreien Energiesystem spielen sollte. Stattdessen sind Maßnahmen für einen geplanten Erdgasausstieg erforderlich, um die Einhaltung des Pariser Abkommens zu gewährleisten und Investitionen in nachhaltige Energieinfrastrukturen zu fördern. Klare regulatorische Vorgaben, progressive CO2-Preise und der Ausbau Erneuerbarer Energien sind essenziell, um den Übergang zu einem 100%-Erneuerbaren-Energiesystem zu beschleunigen.
Nonuniform Exponential Dichotomy on the Half-Line via Evolution Semigroups
Authors: Lupa Nicolae , Popescu Liviu H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We establish a sufficient condition for the existence of a nonuniform exponential dichotomy of an evolution family on the half-line in terms of evolution semigroups. Such endeavour is not at all of a formal type and our proof is new even in the particular case of uniform exponential dichotomy.
Translators of the Mean Curvature Flow in the Special Linear Group $$\textrm{SL}(2,\mathbb {R})$$
Authors: López Rafael , Munteanu Marian Ioan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Translators in the special linear group

$$\textrm{SL}(2,\mathbb {R})$$

SL
(
2
,
R
)

are surfaces whose mean curvature H and unit normal vector N satisfy

$$H=\langle N,X\rangle $$

H
=
⟨
N
,
X
⟩

, where X is a fixed Killing vector field. In this paper we study and classify those translators that are invariant by a one-parameter group of isometries. By the Iwasawa decomposition, there are three types of such groups. The dimension of the Killing vector fields is 4 and an exhaustive discussion is done for each one of the Killing vector fields and each of the invariant surfaces. In some cases, explicit parametrizations of translators are obtained.
Geschlossene/minimal-invasive Repositionstechniken an der oberen und unteren Extremität in der Kindertraumatologie
Authors: Ziebarth Kai , Slongo Theddy 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung

Behandlungsziel
Stabile Reposition einer Fraktur in eine tolerable Stellung. Verhinderung einer erneuten Abkippung der Fraktur. Vermeidung von invasiven Operationen respektive Minimierung der Verwendung von Fremdmaterial.

Indikationen
Frakturen des Kindes an der oberen und unteren Extremität.

Kontraindikationen
Gelenkfrakturen. Trümmerfrakturen. Offene Frakturen.

Technik
Korrekte Analgesie/Narkose, um die Intervention für das Kind so angenehm wie möglich durchzuführen. Je nach Lokalisation und Frakturmuster ist eine indirekte Reposition durch die Ruhigstellung, z. B. Blount-Schlinge bei einer suprakondylären Humerusfraktur, oder eine direkte manuelle Reposition der Fraktur mit anschließender Gipsruhigstellung notwendig. Unterstützend können zur Retention perkutane Kirschner-Drähte/Schrauben oder ein externer Fixateur verwendet werden.

Weiterbehandlung
Im Anschluss an jede Reposition mit Gipsruhigstellung ohne weitere Fixation sollte eine Stellungskontrolle 5 bis 7 Tage nach Manipulation durchgeführt werden. Je nach Stellungsverhältnissen ergibt sich dann das weitere Procedere. Wurde eine Osteosynthese durchgeführt, ist keine Stellungskontrolle notwendig, sondern lediglich die Konsolidationskontrolle 3 bis 6 Wochen (altersabhängig) postoperativ.

Ergebnisse
Durch geschickte Repositionen und meist minimal-invasive Verfahren, können in der Kindertraumatologie viele Frakturen geschlossen oder sogar ohne eine Osteosynthese behandelt werden.
Pneumokokken-Impfung bei Personen ab 60 Jahren: Zusammenhänge zwischen Impfintention, Wissen und psychologischen Gründen für die Impfentscheidung
Authors: Nordmann Hannah , Uthoff Sarah Anna Katharina , Zinkevich Anna , Iwen Julia , Biedermann Marc , Ansmann Lena 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung
Weltweit stellen Pneumokokken die häufigste Ursache für Morbidität und Mortalität bei Infektionen der unteren Atemwege dar. Trotz Empfehlungen der Ständigen Impfkommission (STIKO) bleibt die Impfquote gegen Pneumokokken bei über 60-Jährigen in Deutschland niedrig. Daher wurden für diese Gruppe die Zusammenhänge zwischen psychologischen Gründen des (Nicht‑)Impfens, Wissen über Pneumokokken, Alter und Geschlecht, früheren Impfentscheidungen und der Pneumokokken-Impfintention untersucht.

Methoden
Die Analyse basiert auf Daten der Studie „ALtersspezifische Impfinanspruchnahme VErbessern“, bei der 2022 1117 Patient:innen ab 60 Jahren befragt wurden. Neben der deskriptiven Auswertung der Querschnittsdaten wurde eine Spearman-Korrelationsanalyse durchgeführt. Zudem wurden in einer linearen Regressionsanalyse prädiktive Variablen identifiziert.

Ergebnisse
Vertrauen in die Sicherheit von Impfungen (β = 0,514, p < 0,001) und eine Influenza-Impfung (β = 0,153, p < 0,001) in der letzten Saison sind die stärksten Prädiktoren für die Pneumokokken-Impfintention. Zudem zeigt die Einschätzung des von einer Pneumokokken-Infektion ausgehenden Risikos (β = 0,086, p = 0,002) einen signifikanten positiven Zusammenhang zur Impfintention. Die durchgeführte Regressionsanalyse konnte 48,8 % der Varianz der Impfintention erklären (R2 = 0,488).

Diskussion
Vertrauen und Risikowahrnehmung scheinen entscheidende Faktoren für die Impfentscheidung zu sein. Maßnahmen, die diese Aspekte adressieren, könnten die Impfintention erhöhen. Eine gleichzeitige Impfung gegen Influenza und Pneumokokken könnte sinnvoll sein, da das Erhalten einer Influenza-Impfung in der letzten Saison einen positiven Effekt auf die Pneumokokken-Impfintention zeigte.
Effective cross-section of a timber beam exposed to natural fires
Authors: Huč Sabina , Hozjan Tomaž , Pečenko Robert 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
According to the Eurocode standards, advanced numerical models or the reduced cross-section method can be used to determine the mechanical resistance of timber structures under fire conditions. The method assumes a rectangular effective cross-section with full strength and stiffness and the cross-section of effective thickness without strength and stiffness after fire exposure. The effective thickness is the sum of the charring thickness and the zero-strength layer thickness, which are specified in the standards only for standard fire exposure. In the present paper, the analyses are combined with the reduced cross-section method and numerical fire, hygro-thermal and mechanical models to determine the charring thickness, zero-strength layer thickness and effective thickness of a simply supported timber beam under bending exposed to different natural fires. The results show that the three thicknesses increase with fire duration until the end values are reached at which the timber beam can withstand a prescribed natural fire. The end values for the charring thickness are between 18.2 mm and 72.1 mm, for the zero-strength layer thickness between 14.9 mm and 27.4 mm and for the effective thickness between 39.9 mm and 89.9 mm. The results also show that the end values of the charring thickness and the effective thickness depend on the maximum gas temperature. The end values of the zero-strength layer thickness depend on the linear cooling rate. Simple linear equations are proposed to account for these dependencies. Piecewise linear equations are also proposed to describe the temporal development of the three thicknesses.
Targeted serum proteomics of longitudinal samples from newly diagnosed youth with type 1 diabetes affirms markers of disease
Authors: Moulder Robert , Hirvonen M. Karoliina , Välikangas Tommi , Suomi Tomi , Overbergh Lut , Peakman Mark , Brunak Søren , Mathieu Chantal , Knip Mikael , Elo Laura L. , Lahesmaa Riitta ,   on behalf of the INNODIA consortium
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis
While investigating markers for declining beta cell function in type 1 diabetes, we previously demonstrated 11 statistically significant protein associations with fasting C-peptide/glucose ratios in longitudinal serum samples from newly diagnosed (ND) individuals (n=86; 228 samples in total) participating in the INNODIA (Innovative approaches to understanding and arresting type 1 diabetes) study. Furthermore, comparison with protein measurements from age- and sex-matched autoantibody-negative unaffected family members (UFMs, n=194) revealed differences in the serum levels of 13 target proteins. To further evaluate these findings, we analysed longitudinal serum drawn during the first year after diagnosis from a new group of ND individuals subsequently enrolled in the study, together with samples from additional UFMs.

Methods
To validate the previously reported statistically significant protein associations with type 1 diabetes progression, selected reaction monitoring (SRM) MS analyses were carried out. Sera from individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes under the age of 18 years (n=146) were collected within 6 weeks of diagnosis and at 3, 6 and 12 months after diagnosis (560 samples in total). The resulting SRM data were compared with fasting C-peptide/glucose measurements, which were used as a proxy for beta cell function. The protein data were further compared with cross-sectional SRM measurements from age- and sex-matched UFMs (n=272).

Results
Our results confirmed the presence of significant (p<0.05) inverse associations between fasting C-peptide/glucose ratios and peptides from apolipoprotein B-100, apolipoprotein M and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) in ND individuals. Additionally, we observed consistent differences in the levels of ten of the 13 targeted proteins between individuals with type 1 diabetes and UFMs. These proteins included GPX3, transthyretin, prothrombin, apolipoprotein C1 and afamin.

Conclusions/interpretation
The validated results reflect the landscape of biological changes accompanying type 1 diabetes. For example, the association of the targeted apolipoproteins with fasting C-peptide/glucose ratios in the first year after diagnosis is likely to relate to lipid abnormalities observed in individuals with type 1 diabetes, and reiterates the connection of apolipoproteins with the underlying changes accompanying the disease. Further research is needed to explore the clinical value and relevance of these targets.

Graphical Abstract
Wire cutting as a viable substitute for machining standardized V-notches for Charpy specimens
Authors: Spanu Florencia , Cantero Mariano , Lorusso Hernán , Simoncelli Alejandro , Migliorino Diego , Martínez Krahmer Daniel , Sánchez Egea Antonio J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In engineering, selecting the right material is crucial, with toughness being a key property. The Charpy impact test is essential for assessing a material’s ability to absorb energy during sudden loads, aiding in material selection, temperature behavior analysis, and heat treatment effects. Modern manufacturing technologies address materials with poor machinability, such as those in metalworking. Fabricating standardized Charpy specimens requires machining notches. While traditional milling methods are standard, there is growing interest in alternative processes like electro-discharge machining, which can replace milling without significantly affecting mechanical properties. This study evaluates the feasibility of wire electrical discharge machining with a conventional wire as an alternative to the standardized machining method for creating notches in Charpy specimens. The results show that for brass and AISI 1045 steel, no significant differences in resilience were observed between processes. However, the resilience of the aluminum specimens tested by Charpy with the WEDM notch was 28% lower than that of the machined specimens. This work demonstrates the potential of wire electrical discharge machining for manufacturing V-notches in Charpy specimens across a broad range of materials while preserving the sensitivity of the standard test. These findings highlight valuable insights for its application in various industries where impact toughness assessment is critical.
The effect of the combination therapy with chlorophyllin, a glutathione transferase P1-1 inhibitor, and docetaxel on triple-negative breast cancer invasion and metastasis in vivo/in vitro
Authors: Burus Ayse , Ozcan Mehmet , Canpinar Hande , Bozdemir Ozlem , Zeybek Naciye Dilara , Bayazit Yasemin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The expression of glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) enzyme increases in cancer cells, leading to anticancer drug resistance. The antioxidant chlorophyllin has an inhibitory effect on GSTP1. In this study, we investigated the effect of chlorophyllin and its combined administration with the chemotherapeutic agent docetaxel on metastatic processes. For this purpose, both the 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer cell line and metastatic animal model were used. The MTT, flow cytometry, and wound healing assays were used to investigate cell viability, cell cycle, and cell migration, respectively. Total gelatinase activity, GST activity, and glutathione levels in cell and liver tissue lysates measured by colorimetric methods. Micrometastases were evaluated histochemically in liver tissue sections. As a result, the coadministration of chlorophyllin and docetaxel significantly inhibited cell migration in vitro. There was a significant decrease in the total gelatinase activity in vivo. We found that only combined treatment reduced the micrometastatic lesions in the liver tissues, though this reduction was not statistically significant. In conclusion, the coadministration of chlorophyllin and docetaxel may have a potential role in controlling metastatic processes by suppressing cell migration, gelatinase activity, and micrometastasis formation in triple-negative breast cancers.

Graphical Abstract
Integrating the lactulose-mannitol test for intestinal permeability with untargeted metabolomics for drug monitoring through dual liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Hildebrand Felina , Cukaci Cemre , Schoeny Harald , Baumgartinger Christoph , Stelzer Bruno , Spedicato Matteo , Frey Tobias , Catani Martina , Schmetterer Klaus , Frey Richard , Koellensperger Gunda 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, we developed a customized high-resolution mass spectrometry metabolomics workflow integrating the dual sugar test employing lactulose and mannitol as test probes for intestinal permeability assessment with untargeted screening of small molecules. Urine samples were collected from patients with major depression and healthy controls as part of a clinical study at the psychiatric department. Using a dual injection/dual chromatography setup, the test probes were quantified by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in a targeted assay, while drugs and their metabolites were profiled in an untargeted manner by reversed-phase separation. Rigorous method development and validation allowed for selective separation of sugar isomers and consequently accurate quantification of lactulose and mannitol in urine. Internal standardization with compound specific stable isotope-labeled standards enabled excellent analytical figures of merit such as high recoveries, precision (< 5%), and working range (5 orders of magnitude). Within one analytical run, intestinal permeability was assessed together with drugs and their metabolites, allowing to screen for confounding drugs and patient compliance to the therapeutic scheme.

Graphical Abstract
Optimization of irrigation on walnut through the IRRIFRAME water balance model
Authors: Perulli Giulio Demetrio , Baldi Elena , Toselli Moreno , Gentile Salvatore Luca , Solimando Domenico , Anconelli Stefano , Perez Pastor Alejandro , Boini Alexandra , Corelli Grappadelli Luca , Manfrini Luigi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In recent years, reduced summer precipitation frequencies related to climate change have raised the probability of water scarcity, even in the Po Valley of Italy, thus requiring an optimization of the irrigation management for walnut cultivation which has become very present in the area. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, during four consecutive seasons (2018–2021), the physiological (stem water potential Ψw, leaf photosynthesis A and stomatal conductance gs), yield (nut weight, shelled yield, kernel colour) and water use efficiency (WUE) responses of walnut trees to different irrigation levels (100% ETc, 75% ETc, and 50% ETc) in order to obtain an improved water balance model, fit for walnut production under Emilia Romagna conditions. Water supply in 100% ETc (CTRL) was managed according to the IRRIFRAME water balance model. CTRL trees generally showed higher stem Ψw at midday, than those irrigated at 75% (DI75) and 50% ETc (DI50). Less sensitivity was found for gs and A, than for Ψw, to the different water regimes: in fact, differences among treatments occurred only in the first two years, when yield was reduced by 50% ETc irrigation, compared to 100% and 75% ETc. No differences were registered for shelled yield and kernel colour during the experimental period. On the contrary, irrigation treatments affected WUE in all the seasons, with CTRL being the less efficient treatment, followed by DI75 and DI50.