bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roraregulates activated T helper cells during inflammation
Authors: Haim-Vilmovsky Liora , Henriksson Johan , Walker Jennifer A , Miao Zhichao , Natan Eviatar , Kar Gozde , Clare Simon , Barlow Jillian L , Charidemou Evelina , Mamanova Lira , Chen Xi , Proserpio Valentina , Pramanik Jhuma , Woodhouse Steven , Protasio Anna V , Efremova Mirjana , Griffin Julian L. , Berriman Matt , Dougan Gordon , Fisher Jasmin , Marioni John C , McKenzie Andrew NJ , Teichmann Sarah A 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe transcription factorRorahas been shown to be important for the development of ILC2 and the regulation of ILC3, macrophages and Treg cells. Here we investigate the role ofRoraacross CD4+ T cells, bothin vitroas well as in the context of severalin vivotype 2 infection models. We dissect the function ofRorausing overexpression and a CD4-conditionalRora-knockout mouse, as well as a RORA-reporter mouse. We establish the importance ofRorain CD4+ T cells for controlling lung inflammation induced byNippostrongylus brasiliensisinfection, and have measured the effect on downstream genes using RNA-seq. Using a systematic stimulation screen of CD4+ T cells, coupled with RNA-seq, we identify upstream regulators ofRora, most importantly IL-33 and CCL7. Our data suggest thatRorais a negative regulator of the immune system, possibly through several downstream pathways, and is under control of the local microenvironment.
A Willow Sex Chromosome Reveals Convergent Evolution of Complex Palindromic Repeats
Authors: Zhou Ran , Macaya-Sanz David , Carlson Craig H. , Schmutz Jeremy , Jenkins Jerry W. , Kudrna David , Sharma Aditi , Sandor Laura , Shu Shengqiang , Barry Kerrie , Tuskan Gerald A. , Ma Tao , Liu Jianquan , Olson Matthew , Smart Lawrence B. , DiFazio Stephen P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundSex chromosomes in a wide variety of species share common characteristics, including the presence of suppressed recombination surrounding sex determination loci. They have arisen independently in numerous lineages, providing a conclusive example of convergent evolution. Mammalian sex chromosomes contain multiple palindromic repeats across the non-recombining region that facilitate sequence conservation through gene conversion, and contain genes that are crucial for sexual reproduction. Plant sex chromosomes are less well understood, and in particular it is not clear how coding sequence conservation is maintained in the absence of homologous recombination.ResultsHere we present the first evidence of large palindromic structures in a plant sex chromosome, based on a highly contiguous assembly of the W chromosome of the dioecious shrubSalix purpurea. Two consecutive palindromes span over a region of 200 kb, with conspicuous 20 kb stretches of highly conserved sequences among the four arms. The closely-related speciesS. suchowensisalso has two copies of a portion of the palindrome arm and provides strong evidence for gene conversion. Four genes in the palindrome are homologous to genes in the SDR of the closely-related genusPopulus, which is located on a different chromosome. These genes show distinct, floral-biased expression patterns compared to paralogous copies on autosomes.ConclusionThe presence of palindromic structures in sex chromosomes of mammals and plants highlights the intrinsic importance of these features in adaptive evolution in the absence of recombination. Convergent evolution is driving both the independent establishment of sex chromosomes as well as their fine-scale sequence structure.
Restriction Enzyme Based Enriched L1Hs sequencing (REBELseq)
Authors: Reiner Benjamin C. , Doyle Glenn A. , Weller Andrew E. , Levinson Rachel N. , Namoglu Esin , Pigeon Alicia , Arauco-Shapiro Gabriella , Dávila Perea Emilie , Weickert Cyndi Shannon , Turecki Gustavo , Mash Deborah C. , Crist Richard C. , Berrettini Wade H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLong interspersed element-1 retrotransposons (LINE-1 or L1) are ~6 kb mobile DNA elements implicated in the origins of many Mendelian and complex diseases. The actively retrotransposing L1s are mostly limited to the L1 human specific Ta subfamily. In this manuscript, we present REBELseq as a method for the construction of differentially amplified next-generation sequencing libraries and bioinformatic identification of Ta subfamily long interspersed element-1 human specific elements. REBELseq was performed on DNA isolated from NeuN+ neuronal nuclei from postmortem brain samples of 177 individuals and empirically-driven bioinformatic and experimental cutoffs were established. REBELseq reliably identified both known and novel Ta subfamily L1 insertions distributed throughout the genome. Differences in the proportion of individuals possessing a given reference or non-reference retrotransposon insertion were identified. We conclude that REBELseq is an unbiased, whole genome approach to the amplification and detection of Ta subfamily L1 retrotransposons.
p75NTR and DR6 regulate distinct phases of axon degeneration demarcated by spheroid rupture
Authors: Yong Yu , Gamage Kanchana , Cheng Irene , Barford Kelly , Spano Anthony , Winckler Bettina , Deppmann Christopher 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe regressive events associated with trophic deprivation are critical for sculpting a functional nervous system. After nerve growth factor withdrawal, sympathetic axons maintain their structural integrity for roughly 18 hours (latent phase) followed by a rapid and near unison disassembly of axons over the next 3 hours (catastrophic phase). Here we examine the molecular basis by which axons transition from latent to catastrophic phases of degeneration following trophic withdrawal. Prior to catastrophic degeneration, we observed an increase in intra-axonal calcium. This calcium flux is accompanied by p75 neurotrophic factor receptor (NTR)-Rho-actin dependent expansion of calcium rich axonal spheroids that eventually rupture, releasing their contents to the extracellular space. Conditioned media derived from degenerating axons is capable of hastening transition into the catastrophic phase of degeneration. We also found that death receptor 6 (DR6) but not p75NTR is required for transition into the catastrophic phase in response to conditioned media but not for the intra-axonal calcium flux, spheroid formation, or rupture that occurs toward the end of latency. Our results support the existence of an inter-axonal degenerative signal that promotes catastrophic degeneration among trophically deprived axons.
Quantitative proximity proteomics resolves the epithelial apical-lateral border and uncovers a vertebrate marginal zone defined by the polarity protein Pals1
Authors: Tan Benedict , Peng Suat , Sandin Sara , Gunaratne Jayantha , Hunziker Walter , Ludwig Alexander 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEpithelial apico-basal polarity is established through the asymmetric cortical distribution of the Par, Crumbs and Scribble polarity modules. Apical (Par and Crumbs) and basolateral (Scribble) polarity modules overlap at the apical-lateral border, which, in mammals, is defined by the apical junctional complex (AJC). The AJC is composed of tight junctions (TJ) and adherens junctions (AJ) and plays fundamental roles in epithelial morphogenesis and plasticity. However, the molecular composition and precise sub-junctional organization of the AJC and its associated polarity regulators are still not well defined. Here we used the peroxidase APEX2 for quantitative proximity proteomics (QPP) and electron microscopy (EM) imaging to generate a nanometer-scale spatio-molecular map of the apical-lateral border in fully polarized MDCK-II cells. Using Par3 and Pals1 as surrogates for QPP we present a spatially resolved network of ∼800 junction-associated proteins. The network dissects TJ and AJ components and provides strong evidence that TJ are composed of distinct apical and basal subdomains. Moreover, we find that Pals1 and its binding partners PatJ, Lin7c and Crumbs3 define a hitherto unidentified membrane compartment apical of TJ, which we coin the vertebrate marginal zone (VMZ). The VMZ is physically associated with HOMER scaffolding proteins, regulators of apical exocytosis, and membrane-proximal HIPPO pathway proteins. Taken together our work defines the spatial and molecular organization of the apical-lateral border in fully polarized mammalian epithelial cells, reveals an intriguing molecular and spatial conservation of invertebrate and vertebrate cell polarity protein domains, and provides a comprehensive resource of potentially novel regulators of cell polarity and the mammalian AJC.
RSVdb: A comprehensive database of transcriptome RNA structure
Authors: Yu Haopeng , Zhang Yi , Sun Qing , Gao Huijie , Tao Shiheng 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTRNA fulfills a crucial regulatory role in cells by folding into a complex RNA structure. To date, a chemical compound, dimethyl sulfate (DMS), has been developed to effectively probe the RNA structure at the transcriptome level. We proposed a database, RSVdb (https://taolab.nwafu.edu.cn/rsvdb/), for the browsing and visualization of transcriptome RNA structures. RSVdb, including 626,225 RNAs with validated DMS reactivity from 178 samples in 8 species, supports four main functions: information retrieval, research overview, structure prediction, and resource download. Users can search for species, studies, transcripts and genes of interest; browse the quality control of sequencing data and statistical charts of RNA structure information; preview and perform online prediction of RNA structures in silico and under DMS restraint of different experimental treatments; and download RNA structure data for species and studies. Together, RSVdb provides a reference for RNA structure and will support future research on the function of RNA structure at the transcriptome level.
Household food waste management: socio-ecological dimensions
Authors: Aitsidou Vasiliki , Michailidis Anastasios , Partalidou Maria , Iakovidou Olga 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to estimate respondents’ socio-ecological consciousness (SEC) (knowledge, perceptions, behaviour, habits and feelings) concerning household food waste (HFW) and to identify factors that influence attitude concerning HFW.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected through a questionnaire survey addressing to 279 residents in Western Macedonia, Greece. A principal component analysis was primarily applied to provide a manageable set of variables relevant to SEC. These variables were analyzed according to their positive/negative influence in SEC through descriptive statistics. Independent samples t-test analysis was employed to examine factors that influence HFW.

Findings
Results show that SEC is formed by three main activities: knowledge, perception and attitude. The survey reveals an inconsistency between existing knowledge and problematic perceptions, while the attitude includes neither harmful nor harmless HFW-related activities. A significant finding is that respondents’ age affects food rejection in different consumption stages in a household.

Research limitations/implications
Reliance on self-reported data for HFW that concerns a Greek case study does not allow a generalization of results.

Practical implications
The authors suggest a campaign plan for local bodies. The aim is to enhance respondents’ perceptual abilities and attitude concerning HFW. In order to raise awareness of students and individuals/households, related campaigns could be implemented by educational institutions and other policymakers.

Originality/value
The survey provides information for HFW, a topic not widely examined in Greece, and it is analyzed for the first time on the basis of SEC theory.
Moving towards a healthier assortment in secondary and vocational school food environments
Authors: van Kleef Ellen , Meeuwsen Tanja , Rigterink Jetteke , Van Trijp Hans 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
In many countries, schools move toward healthier canteen assortments by limiting the supply of unhealthy foods. The question arises whether this gives any undesirable side effects with students (e.g. compensation in purchases from school to outside retailers, reactance) and how to handle these so that operating school canteens remains financially viable. The purpose of this paper is to identify perspectives toward healthy school food assortments held by vocational education students and professionals within secondary and vocational schools with responsibility for school food policy (e.g. school canteen workers, teachers, school directors) in the Netherlands.

Design/methodology/approach
Four focus groups were conducted with students at a vocational school (n=25 in total). A semi-structured interview guide was used to conduct discussions. The interview guide also included three school canteen scenario’s (A: 100 percent healthy food, B: 50 percent healthy/50 percent unhealthy foods and C: 100 percent unhealthy food) and a set of nine intervention strategies. A brief survey included questions on the same three scenario’s and nine intervention strategies. A web-based survey was conducted among 68 professionals responsible for school food policy and included their evaluation of the same canteen scenarios and interventions. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Content analysis was done on the qualitative data.

Findings
School food professionals were highly supportive of Scenario A (100 percent healthy food), as this formed a better fit with their policies and was believed to stronger encourage healthy eating. They did worry about financial feasibility given lower affordability and student reluctance to accept the assortment. Students were less in favor of Scenario A. Students discussed getting value for money and remaining freedom to make unhealthy choices. The authors discuss implications for policy makers who aim to implement measures to improve young people’s eating habits.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature on creating healthier school food environments. This study uniquely examines a healthier school canteen from a viability perspective, including the views of students as primary customers. Given the need to progressively increase the number of foods complying to dietary guidelines in canteen assortments, this study provides insights into how and why assortment changes best can be implemented.
The impact of human age on the amount of absorbed energy from mobile phone
Authors: Jovanovic Dejan B. , Stankovic Vladimir , Cvetkovic Nenad N. , Krstic Dejan , Vuckovic Dragan 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of human age on the distribution of electric field and absorbed energy that originates from a mobile phone.

Design/methodology/approach
This research was performed for frequencies of 900, 1800 and 2100 MHz, which are used in a mobile communication system. To obtain the most accurate results, 3 D realistic model of the child’s head has been created whereby the dimensions of this model correspond to the dimensions of a seven-year-old child. Distribution of the electric field and specific absorption rate (SAR) through the child’s head was obtained by numerical analysis based on the finite integration technique.

Findings
The results discover that amount of absorbed energy is greater in the surface layers of the child’s head model when the electromagnetic (EM) characteristics of tissues are adjusted for the child. This deviation corresponds to different EM characteristics of biological tissues and organs of an adult person compared to a child.

Research limitations/implications
The study deals with penetrated electrical field and absorbed EM field energy. There is space for further studies of other EM field effects (e.g. thermal effects).

Practical implications
The analysis of obtained results leads to idea that mobile phones and devices aimed for children using should be modified to provide SAR values inside prescribed standards.

Social implications
The obtained results are foundation for future research on influence of EM fields of mobile devices on human health.

Originality/value
The proposed procedure offers the model for accurate estimation and quality analysis of SAR and EM field distribution inside child head tissue.
Are hospital managers ready for value-based healthcare?
Authors: Walsh Aidan P. , Harrington Denis , Hines Peter 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Hospital organisations are currently experiencing significant challenges that have encouraged a move towards a value-based approach to health care. However, such a transition requires understanding the underlying competencies required to enable such a focus. This paper aims to undertake a systematic review of the available literature on managerial competencies in hospitals and considers these in a value-based health-care context.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic literature review was conducted to identify research studies that describe the characteristics of management competence in hospital environments.

Findings
Categories and sub-categories of management competence in hospitals were identified and considered in a value-based health-care context.

Research limitations/implications
The systematic literature review identifies a need for further research regarding managerial competencies of managers of hospitals. Competencies for managing in a value-based health-care model also require deeper investigation.

Practical implications
The categories of management competence provide guidance to organisations transitioning towards value-based health care in terms of identifying and developing management competencies. Hospitals should consider the development of a competency model that includes broader categories of competencies than purely clinical or professional competencies.

Originality/value
This study builds upon and advances previous reviews of management competence in hospitals, and the competency categories presented can be used as a basis to identify management competency requirements in hospitals.
Managing performance through employee attributes: implications for employee engagement
Authors: Lappalainen Pia , Saunila Minna , Ukko Juhani , Rantala Tero , Rantanen Hannu 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the connection between performance management and employee engagement. More specifically, the authors address shortcomings in prior literature where employee performance has been controlled narrowly as cognitive task accomplishment. Accumulating evidence shows, however, that such performance-mediating factors as employee engagement constitute critical antecedents of employee and organizational performance. They can most effectively be influenced by attending sensitively to employees’ individual differences, which are ultimately driven by motifs and dispositions.

Design/methodology/approach
The study takes a quantitative approach to exploring predictors of employee engagement. The analysis is based on a sample of 503 online survey respondents from knowledge-intensive organizations.

Findings
The results indicate that employee engagement is driven more by employees’ inherent attributes than environmental factors. The analysis refuted the connection between engagement and social orientation, self-regulation and conscientiousness. Instead, the factors associating with employee engagement were analytical thinking, extroversion, systems thinking, assertiveness and leadership.

Practical implications
In this paper, the authors put forth a novel conceptual model of performance management, introducing new and evidence-based foci for effective people management that expand task performance to contextual performance and supplement quantifying approaches to performance control with the qualifying methodology.

Originality/value
Departing from the previously dominating frameworks of performance management that focused on task performance, this work extends to contextual performance and considers also employees’ psychological traits.
Effect of Si content on the cracking behavior of selective laser melted Al7050
Authors: Qi Ting , Zhu Haihong , Zeng Xiaoyan , Yin Jie 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
It is a crucial issue to eliminate cracks for selective laser melting (SLM) 7xxx series aluminum alloy. This paper aims to study the effect of silicon content on the cracking behavior and the mechanism of eliminating crack of SLMed Al7050 alloy.

Design/methodology/approach
Six different silicon contents were added to the Al7050 powder. The crack density and crack count measuring from optical micrographs were utilized to judge the cracking susceptibility. The low melting phases analyzing from Jmatpro and the microstructure observing by EPMA and SEM were used to discuss the mechanism of eliminating the crack.

Findings
The cracking susceptibility of SLMed Al7050 alloy decreases with the increase of adding silicon content. When adding silicon, two new low-melting phases appeared: Mg2Si and Al5Cu2Mg8Si6. These low-melting phases offer much liquid feeding along the grain boundary and decrease the cracking susceptibility. Moreover, the grains are obviously refined after adding silicon. The fine grain can increase the total surface area of the grain boundary, which can reinforce the matrix and decrease the cracking susceptibility. High silicon content results in more low-melting phases and fine grains, which decreases the cracking susceptibility.

Originality/value
The investigation results can help to obtain crack-free SLMed Al7050 parts and deep knowledge on eliminating cracking mechanism of high-strength aluminum alloy fabricated by SLM.
Class and ambition in the status attainment process: A Spanish replication
Authors: Haller William , Portes Alejandro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere are two principal theoretical schools that seek to explain status outcomes in early adulthood: those focusing on intergenerational transmission of class privilege and those emphasizing individual characteristics, particularly ambition. The first may be called the structuralist school and the second the psycho‐social school, following the Wisconsin Model of Status Attainment. A second structuralist perspective, Segmented Assimilation, highlights transmission of socio‐economic status across immigrant generations, but emphasizes the positive role of co‐ethnic resources for upward mobility and preventing downward assimilation. We examine these alternative predictions using a large longitudinal sample of youths in Spain that includes both children of native parentage and children of immigrants. Spain possesses characteristics that make it uniquely suitable to examine these predictions. Results show that both family socio‐economic status and ambition, measured by adolescent educational aspirations and expectations, play important roles in educational and occupational attainment, but the influence of family status persists even after controlling for ambition. The influence of co‐ethnic nationalities disappears after these controls, except among Chinese and Filipino youths, a result consistent with segmented assimilation. Predictive models of status attainment yield identical results for children of immigrants and children of natives, indicating that in Spain, they have become part of a common youth universe. Theoretical and practical implications of the analysis are discussed.