bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and practices in functional behavior assessments completed by school psychologists
Authors: Johnson Austin H. , Goldberg Taryn S. , Hinant Rachel L. , Couch Lauren K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFunctional Behavior Assessments (FBAs) utilize direct and indirect methods to collect data on student behavior to generate a functional hypothesis and drive intervention development. School psychologists are trained to conduct FBAs and use them regularly in schools. However, no evidence exists describing the specific practices used by school psychologists when they conduct FBAs. In this study, 199 respondents completed a web‐based survey developed using expert review and cognitive pretesting. Most respondents reported their gender as female (87%), were between 30 and 39 years old (50%), and practiced at the Specialist level (57%). Respondents reported receiving training in FBA across multiple sources and utilizing multi‐method data collection methods when conducting FBAs. A large amount of variability was observed in the specific instruments used by school psychologists, with a substantial proportion using forms that were not standardized or pre‐constructed. Implications for current practitioners, trainers, and researchers are described.
Fraction interventions for struggling elementary math learners: A review of the literature
Authors: Roesslein Rachel I. , Codding Robin S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUnderstanding fractions has been a pervasively difficult skill for struggling math learners, yet it is essential for success in secondary level mathematics skills. The present systematic review examined the evidence base of fraction interventions for elementary level students identified as struggling math learners. Twelve studies met inclusion criteria and were reviewed for (a) instructional focus (b) instructional components, and (c) effectiveness of the intervention on fraction performance. The majority of studies had a primary instructional focus on conceptual knowledge of fraction learning. Results of the study also indicated that all interventions included multiple evidence‐based instructional components (e.g., concrete and visual representations, range and sequence of examples, etc.). These multicomponent interventions improved performance on a variety of proximal fraction outcome measures. Intervention effects were mixed for generalized outcome measures and minimal for distal outcome measures. Limitations, implications for practice, and future research directions are discussed.
A systematic review of school‐based interventions and their outcomes for youth exposed to traumatic events
Authors: Yohannan Justina , Carlson John S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractYouth exposed to traumatic events are at higher risk for negative developmental outcomes, including low academic performance, poor social skills, and mental health concerns. To best address these risks, school‐based intervention services, and trauma‐informed practices can be provided. The goal of this study was to systematically review the intervention research conducted on school‐based trauma interventions, with specific attention to examine intervention effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability across studies. It was found that feasibility and acceptability are not frequently examined, though the data available showed that Enhancing Resiliency Amongst Students Experiencing‐Stress (ERASE‐Stress) and school‐based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) had high rates of fidelity; and school‐based CBT had high levels of acceptability. The review also examined demographic variables and found that U. S.‐based research reported racially/ethnically diverse samples, and most samples were from low‐income populations. Most studies examined youth exposed to war‐ and terror‐related traumas or natural disaster‐related traumas. Additionally, this review provides future directions for research and reveals the need for further research on intervention feasibility and acceptability. A brief description of practice recommendations based on prior research has also been included. It also exposes the need for studies that examine various student demographic variables that are currently not examined and consistency in rating scale use in school‐based trauma intervention research.
Children’s attributions about teachers’ intentions
Authors: Samson Jennifer E. , Wehby Joseph H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHostile attribution bias (HAB) has been shown to predict aggressive behavior, especially toward peers. The current study examined whether HAB is also related to conflict with teachers, an important predictor of academic and social success in school‐aged children. A total of 282 second to fourth grade boys in 74 classrooms completed a self‐report measure of HAB toward teachers, while their teachers assessed conflict in the teacher–student relationship. Results supported the presence of a positive relationship between HAB toward teachers and conflict with teachers. These findings suggest that HAB toward teachers may be an indicator of difficulties and, pending further research, a potential avenue for intervention to improve teacher–student relationships.
Pilot evaluation of the Whole Inclusive School Empowerment (WISE) project in kindergartens in Hong Kong: A mixed method approach
Authors: Leung Cynthia , Leung Janet , Leung Shirley , Karnilowicz Wally 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis pilot study used a quasiexperimental design to evaluate the Whole Inclusive School Empowerment (WISE) project providing educational psychology services to kindergartens to support students with diverse learning needs. There were eight intervention kindergartens that received WISE educational psychology services and eight control kindergartens without the service. The intervention kindergartens were provided with a 0.125 educational psychologist and 0.7 teacher coordinator. In January and June 2017, teachers in intervention and control kindergartens completed questionnaires assessing student behavior, school readiness, and their own teaching efficacy. Focus group sessions involving teachers and school principals were conducted in July 2017. The results indicated a greater improvement in prosocial behavior and school readiness in intervention kindergartens compared with control kindergartens. Teachers and principals reported that they were better equipped in supporting diverse learning needs. The results provided initial evidence supporting the effectiveness of educational psychology services for kindergartens in improving student outcomes.
Benefits for coteachers of students with disabilities: Do contextual factors matter?
Authors: Stefanidis Abraham , King‐Sears Margaret E. , Brawand Anne 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDrawing on Bandura’s social learning and social cognitive theory, we empirically investigate contextual factors that may influence perceived benefits of coteaching for teachers. Special and general education coteachers have reported that necessary contextual factors for them to be effective include: sufficient coplanning time, relationship quality, and parity. In this study, 147 special and general education coteachers from suburban and rural schools across the United States responded to theCo‐teacher Questionnaireto determine what contributes to their perceived benefits of coteaching students with disabilities. Hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that coplanning (β = 0.22;p ≤ 0.01) and relationship quality (β = 0.30;p ≤ 0.01) positively influenced the coteachers’ perceived benefits of coteaching (Cohen’sf2 = 0.47), whereas parity was not corroborated to have a significant impact. These not previously empirically studied relationships inform the field by clarifying the importance of the contextual factors for coteachers. Implications for the practitioners and researchers are offered.
ArabidopsisMATE45 antagonizes local abscisic acid signaling to mediate development and abiotic stress responses
Authors: Kovinich Nik , Wang Yiqun , Adegboye Janet , Chanoca Alexandra A. , Otegui Marisa S. , Durkin Paige , Grotewold Erich 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAnthocyanins provide ideal visual markers for the identification of mutations that disrupt molecular responses to abiotic stress. We screenedArabidopsismutants ofABC(ATP‐Binding Cassette) andMATE(Multidrug And Toxic compound Extrusion) transporter genes under nutritional stress and identified four genes (ABCG25,ABCG9,ABCG5,andMATE45) required for normal anthocyanin pigmentation.ABCG25was previously demonstrated to encode a vascular‐localized cellular exporter of abscisic acid (ABA). Our results show thatMATE45encodes an aerial meristem‐ and a vascular‐localized transporter associated with thetrans‐Golgi, and that it plays an important role in controlling the levels and distribution ofABAin growing aerial meristems and non‐meristematic tissues.MATE45 promoter‐GUSreporter fusions revealed the activity localized to the leaf and influorescence meristems and the vasculature. Loss‐of‐functionmate45mutants exhibited accelerated rates of aerial organ initiation suggesting at least partial functional conservation with the maize orthologbige1. Theaba2‐1mutant, which is deficient inABAbiosynthesis, exhibited a number of phenotypes that were rescued in themate45‐1 aba2‐1double mutant.mate45exhibited enhanced the seed dormancy, and germination was hypersensitive toABA. Enhanced frequency of leaf primordia growth inmate45seedlings grown in nutrient imbalance stress wasABA‐dependent. TheABAsignaling reporter constructpRD29B::GUSrevealed elevated levels ofABAsignaling in the true leaf primordia ofmate45seedlings grown under nutritional stress, and gradually reduced signaling in surrounding cotyledon and hypocotyl tissues concomitant with reduced expressions ofABCG25. Our results suggest a role ofMATE45 in reducing meristematicABAand in maintainingABAdistribution in adjacent non‐meristematic tissues.
Amphiphilic fluorous random copolymer self‐assembly for encapsulation of a fluorinated agrochemical
Authors: Ko Jeong Hoon , Bhattacharya Arvind , Terashima Takaya , Sawamoto Mitsuo , Maynard Heather D. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAmphiphilic self‐folding random copolymers exhibit different solution behaviors depending on the identity of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic units. Herein, it is demonstrated that changing the hydrophilic unit from poly(ethylene glycol) to the sugar trehalose causes increased discrepancy in the polarity difference with a fluorinated hydrophobic segment and changes the aggregation state of the polymer in water. The PEG‐fluorinated and trehalose/PEG‐fluorinated amphiphilic random copolymers were the most efficient at encapsulating a fluorinated agrochemical. The small‐molecule agrochemical exerts a strong influence on the self‐assembly of the polymers, demonstrating that fluorous interactions result in not only intramolecular self‐folding behavior but also intermolecular polymer association to form well‐defined nanoparticles. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 352–359
Influence of carboxylated and phosphonated single‐walled carbon nanotubes on the transport properties of sulfonated poly(styrene‐isobutylene‐styrene) membranes
Authors: Ruiz‐Colón Eduardo , Pérez‐Pérez Maritza , Suleiman David 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThis study discusses the effect of carboxylated (COOH) and phosphonated (PO3H2) single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on the transport properties of sulfonated poly(styrene‐isobutylene‐styrene) (SO3H SIBS) as polymer nanocomposite membranes (PNMs) for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) and chemical and biological protective clothing (CBPC) applications. The properties were determined as a function of sulfonation level of SIBS, SWCNTs functionalization and loading. A comprehensive materials characterization study was performed to understand the interactions between the nanofillers and the functionalized polymer matrix, and to determine the effect of their incorporation on the resulting nanostructure of the PNMs. Results indicate that the sulfonation level is the variable that dictates nanofiller dispersion, mechanical properties, water absorption capabilities, morphology, and oxidative stability of SO3H SIBS. Meanwhile, the nanofiller loading and functionalization influenced the transport properties. The nanofillers reduced methanol permeation. PO3H2 SWCNTs increased the proton conductivity but at a high sulfonation level (i.e., 90 mol %), the ionic interconnectivity caused a more complex morphology decreasing the transport of protons. Optimal selectivity in transport properties were found with a sulfonation level of 61 mol % and a PO3H2 SWCNTs loading of 1.0 wt. % for DMFC and 0.5 wt. % for CBPC due to changes in morphology and the unique transport mechanism of permeants through the PNMs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2475–2495
Crosslinked colloids with cyclopropenium cations
Authors: Brucks Spencer D. , Steinman Noam Y. , Starr Rachel L. , Domb Abraham J. , Campos Luis M. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTChemical crosslinkers are commonly used to stabilize both natural and synthetic macromolecules, while providing opportunities to install functionality and modulate polymer architecture. Here, we introduce the aromatic cyclopropenium cation as a tri‐functional crosslinker of secondary amine‐containing polymers. The one‐step crosslinking reaction is rapid and requires no subsequent purification. When dispersed in aqueous media, the crosslinked polymers form spherical nanoparticles with highly positive charge that is maintained even in alkaline conditions. This synthetic strategy will enable the incorporation of cyclopropenium into a wide variety of macromolecules. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2641–2645
Development of a phenanthrodithiophene‐difluorobenzoxadiazole copolymer exhibiting high open‐circuit voltage in organic solar cells
Authors: Mori Hiroki , Takahashi Ryosuke , Nishihara Yasushi 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTA phenanthrodithiophene (PDT)‐difluorobenzoxadiazole (DFBO) copolymer, P‐PDT‐DFBO, was synthesized and characterized. Replacing a thiadiazole with an oxadiazole ring gives the synthesized polymer a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) about 0.1 V lower, and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels lower than those of its benzothiadiazole (BT) counterpart, due to the more electron‐deficient oxadiazole. Furthermore, since oxadiazole has a larger dipole moment than BT, P‐PDT‐DFBO exhibits greater aggregation strength than previously reported for P‐PDT‐DFBT. The low‐lying HOMO level of P‐PDT‐DFBO gave about 0.1 V higher open‐circuit voltage (Voc), yielding over 0.9 V in a fabricated solar cell. From grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction analysis, P‐PDT‐DFBO formed a favorable face‐on orientation in both neat and blended films, indicating that the incorporation of an oxadiazole moiety can enhance Voc without any orientation change in the solid state. However, a P‐PDT‐DFBO‐based cell exhibited significantly lower Jsc and FF, and thus less power conversion efficiency, not >4.43%, due to its lower hole mobility than P‐PDT‐DFBT. One possible reason for poor performance may be the low crystallinity of P‐PDT‐DFBO in blended film. This may be caused by its strong aggregation tendency, leading to fast crystallization into a semiamorphous structure or to interference with the construction of long‐range ordered structure. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2646–2655
Direct through anionic, cationic, and radical active species: Terminal carbon–halogen bond for “controlled”/living polymerizations of styrene
Authors: Satoh Kotaro , Mori Yuya , Kamigaito Masami 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIn this work, we examined the synthesis of novel block (co)polymers by mechanistic transformation through anionic, cationic, and radical living polymerizations using terminal carbon–halogen bond as the dormant species. First, the direct halogenation of growing species in the living anionic polymerization of styrene was examined with CCl4 to form a carbon–halogen terminal, which can be employed as the dormant species for either living cationic or radical polymerization. The mechanistic transformation was then performed from living anionic polymerization into living cationic or radical polymerization using the obtained polymers as the macroinitiator with the SnCl4/n‐Bu4NCl or RuCp*Cl(PPh3)/Et3N initiating system, respectively. Finally, the combination of all the polymerizations allowed the synthesis block copolymers including unprecedented gradient block copolymers composed of styrene and p‐methylstyrene. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 465–473
On the morphological behavior of ABC miktoarm stars containing poly(cis 1,4‐isoprene), poly(styrene), and poly(2‐vinylpyridine)
Authors: Chernyy Sergey , Mahalik Jyoti P. , Kumar Rajeev , Kirkensgaard Jacob Judas Kain , Arras Matthias M. L. , Kim Hyeyoung , Schulte Lars , Ndoni Sokol , Smith Gregory S. , Mortensen Kell , Sumpter Bobby G. , Russell Thomas P. , Almdal Kristoffer 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTFundamental understanding of microphase separation in ABC miktoarm copolymers is vital to access a plethora of nonconventional morphologies. Miktoarm stars based on poly(cis 1,4‐isoprene) (I), poly(styrene) (S), and poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (V) are model systems, which allow systematic studies of the effects of composition, chemical microstructure, and temperature on the thermodynamics of microphase separation. Eleven ISV‐x (I:S:V = 1:1:x, v:v:v) miktoarm copolymers were synthesized by anionic polymerization affording well‐defined copolymers with a variable V arm. Equilibrium bulk morphologies of all samples, as evidenced by small‐angle X‐ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and self‐consistent field theory, showed a systematic transition from lamellae (x ≈ 0–0.2) to [8.8.4] tiling (x ≈ 0.6–0.9) to cylinders in undulating lamellae (x ≈ 2–4) and, finally, to hexagonally packed core–shell cylinders (x ≈ 5–8). Chemical microstructure of the I arm [poly(cis 1,4‐isoprene)] versus poly(3,4‐isoprene) is shown to play important role in affecting morphological behavior. To reconcile differences between ISV‐x star morphologies reported in the literature and those reported herein, even for the same composition, effects of the microstructure of I arm on the Flory–Huggins parameter between I and V arms were taken into account in a qualitative manner. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1491–1504
Thermal, mechanical, and topographical evaluation of nonstoichiometric α‐cyclodextrin/poly(ε‐caprolactone) pseudorotaxane nucleated poly(ε‐caprolactone) composite films
Authors: Narayanan Ganesh , Caydamli Yavuz , Tekinalp Halil , Matai Ishita , Boy Ramiz , Chung Ching‐Chang , Shen Jialong , Gupta Bhupender S. , Tonelli Alan E. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThree pseudorotaxanes (PpR) comprised of poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) with varying stoichiometric ratios were synthesized and characterized. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses provided conclusive evidence for complexation between the guest PCL and host α‐CD. The as‐synthesized and characterized PpRs were used at 10 and 20% concentrations as nucleants to promote the bulk PCL crystallization in composite films. Both WAXD and TGA provided evidence for intact PpR structures in the composite films. Isothermal differential scanning calorimetric (I‐DSC) analyses, performed at various crystallization temperatures demonstrated significant differences in the crystallization patterns among the composite films. In addition, I‐DSC analyses showed higher Avrami constant values (n) in the PpR‐nucleated composite PCL films (n ~ 3), indicating 3‐dimensional crystal growth. In the case of neat PCL films, however, lower n values indicated crystal growth in 1‐dimensions or 2‐dimensions. Moreover, atomic force microscopic analyses showed large crests and pits in PpR‐nucleated PCL composites, with irregular morphologies leading to higher surface roughness. To the contrary, the crests and pits were much smaller in the neat PCL films, resulting in lower surface roughness values. Finally, mechanical testing revealed higher tensile strength for PpR‐nucleated PCL composites films, demonstrating larger load bearing capabilities. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1529–1537
Advancing the computational methodology of rigid rod and semiflexible polymer systems: A new solution to the wormlike chain model with rod‐coil copolymer calculations
Authors: Hannon Adam F. , Joseph Kline R. , DeLongchamp Dean 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTA wormlike chain model for rod type blocks in a rod‐coil diblock copolymer is implemented in the self‐consistent field theory (SCFT) formalism. A pseudo‐spectral method is used to solve for the single‐chain partition function of this copolymer system. Orientation degrees of freedom are discretized using Lebedev sphere rules such that orientation integrations are carried out through a Lebedev quadrature, an approach not used previously in tandem with the pseudo‐spectral method. Phase behavior in the rigid‐rod limit as a function of rod segment volume fraction, Flory–Huggins interaction parameter
χ, degree of polymerization
N, and rod contour length ratio
β are examined in detail in one and two dimensions. Examples extending to three dimensions are included. Semiflexible behavior via the rod bending rigidity
κ is explored. An approximation is used for rigid‐rods that do not need spherical harmonics leading to increased speed in finding equilibrium morphologies. The results show that standing vertical structures may be more easily produced with rigid‐rod blocks compared to coil‐coil lamellae, an important feature in nanolithographic applications. Suggestions are made for using the model in future molecular orientation studies where the model can be used with inverse search methods to measure the values of the model parameters for the real systems. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 29–39
Glass transition broadening via nanofiller‐contiguous polymer network in aromatic thermosetting copolyester nanocomposites
Authors: Bakir Mete , Meyer Jacob L. , Sutrisno Andre , Economy James , Jasiuk Iwona 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe glass transition is a genuine imprint of temperature‐dependent structural relaxation dynamics of backbone chains in amorphous polymers, which can also reflect features of chemical transformations induced in macromolecular architectures. Optimization of thermophysical properties of polymer nanocomposites beyond the state of the art is contingent on strong interfacial bonding between nanofiller particles and host polymer matrix chains that accordingly modifies glass transition characteristics. Contemporary polymer nanocomposite configurations have demonstrated only marginal glass transition temperature shifts utilizing conventional polymer matrix and functionalized nanofiller combinations. We present nanofiller‐contiguous polymer network with aromatic thermosetting copolyester nanocomposites in which carbon nanofillers covalently conjugate with cure advancing crosslinked backbone chains through functional end‐groups of constituent precursor oligomers upon an in situ polymerization reaction. Via thoroughly transformed backbone chain configuration, the polymer nanocomposites demonstrate unprecedented glass transition peak broadening by about 100 °C along with significant temperature upshift of around 80 °C. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1595–1603