bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Old Testament Editor of the First Published Greek New Testament: Johannes Oecolampadius (1482–1531)
Authors: Fisher Jeff 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Following its publication in March 1516, Erasmus’s Novum Instrumentum became one of the most significant texts for the Reformation. A less explored element of the development of this first published Greek New Testament is the role of the Old Testament editor, Johannes Oecolampadius (1482–1531). This study focuses on the contributions of Oecolampadius with particular attention given to the Annotations on Romans. By looking through the lens of the remarks in the Novum Instrumentum regarding the Hebrew language and the Old Testament, and comparing them with the lectures by Martin Luther on Romans that he finished with the use of this newly available resource, the influence Oecolampadius had on Luther before his famous action in October 1517 becomes more apparent. Notably, then we can see the resulting influence of Luther on Oecolampadius to embrace the newly forming evangelical teaching and eventually become the leading reformer in Basel.
Helping “our Canadian brothers”: Early Recollect Missiology as an Experiment in Christian Community, 1615–1629
Authors: Fast Anicka 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Existing histories of the brief Franciscan Recollect mission to New France (1615–1629) tend either to overstate the assimilatory character of the Recollect missionary vision or to overlook their comprehensively political vision. Through a close re-reading of early Recollect sources, I excavate a missionary vision for cohabitation between indigenous people and French settlers that, while assimilationist in some ways, also reflected deeply a conviction of human equality, a nascent understanding of the church as a political alternative to empire, and a willingness to learn from and adapt to indigenous cultures. The Recollects’ vision was shaped at every stage by their specifically Franciscan practice of poverty. This poverty predisposed them to critique mercantile interests in the colony, shaped their appreciation of indigenous traveling companions, and made them more prone to recognize Christian equality across cultures.
New Perspective on the Establishing of Confession in Early Modern Transylvania. Context and Theological Profile of the Formula Pii Consensus 1572 as Heterodox Reception of the Wittenberg Theology
Authors: Wien Ulrich A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper presents a mainly theological analysis of the Formula Pii Consensus of 1572 (furthermore FPC) and – in the light of its historical context – aims to investigate the way in which Wittenberg theology was modified in Transylvania. The reception of the Confessio Augustana (CA) was imposed by Prince István Báthory. In regard to the larger historical context in Transylvania and the development of the Holy Roman Empire, a reconsideration of the FPC arises. Despite largely accepting the contents of the CA 1530 (invariata), superintendent Lukas Unglerus (1526–1600) left the door open for all options of contemporary protestant Eucharistic theology. Because of the Melanchthonian background of his ministers the superintendent chose a wording to allow for tendencies orientated towards Calvinism and for keeping the yet prevalent confessional indetermination. Thus, he covered up what – according to contemporary standards in the Holy Roman Empire – would have been called heterodox.
Efficient Routing Strategies of N × N RM-OXC Using C Band Based on T-FBG and OC
Authors: Singh Manpreet , Rani Aruna , Dewra Sanjeev 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
A novel architecture of N×N reconfigurable multiwavelength optical cross-connect based on tunable fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and optical circulator is proposed. The effect of cross talk in dense wavelength division multiplexing system with 0.8-nm channel spacing at 9×10 Gbps is also evaluated. Optical signal to noise ratio achieved is 40.95 dB at input transmission power of −10 dBm with acceptable bit error rate, i.e. 1.16×10−10at −30 dB FBG cross talk in the presence of fiber nonlinearities. It is found that signal is transmitted to a distance of 50 km without optical amplifier.
Chronic pelvic pain – pain catastrophizing, pelvic pain and quality of life
Authors: Sewell Megan , Churilov Leonid , Mooney Samantha , Ma Tony , Maher Peter , Grover Sonia R. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background and aims
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) impacts significantly on the lives of women. Negative coping responses such as pain catastrophizing are thought to be significant in predicting both pain severity and outcome. The combined effect of the individual’s response to pain and its severity on their quality of life (QoL) has not been well studied in women with CPP. Aims were to determine the prevalence of pain catastrophizing in women with CPP and to examine the associations between pain catastrophizing and levels of dysmenorrhea, non-cyclical pelvic pain, dyspareunia, dysuria, dyschezia and QoL.

Methods
A cross-sectional study including women aged 18–50 years, referred to a tertiary gynecology outpatients department at an Australian women’s hospital in 2015. Participants completed questionnaires including: pain catastrophizing scale (PCS); pelvic pain levels in the prior 3 months; and the World Health Organisation Quality of life – Bref Questionnaire (WHOQoL-Bref). Statistical analysis was performed using STATA (StataCorp, USA Version13).

Results
Participants (n = 115) had a median age of 29.0 [interquartile range (IQR): 23.0–38.0] years. The Pain catastrophizing score revealed that 60/113 [95% confidence interval (CI): 48.6, 71.2] of participants had a clinically relevant total score ≥30. There were statistically significant positive correlations between pain catastrophizing scores and pelvic pain levels in all five pain categories studied, dysmenorrhea (ρ = 0.37, p = 0.0001), non-cyclical pelvic pain (ρ = 0.46, p<0.0001), dyspareunia (ρ = 0.32, p = 0.0008), dysuria (ρ = 0.32, p = 0.0005) and dyschezia (ρ = 0.38, p = 0.0012). Participants who reported maximal pain levels (5/5) had significantly higher median pain catastrophizing scores when compared to those who reported no pain (0/5) in all categories. Overall QoL was considered as “good” in 71/113 (95% CI: 60.1, 81.0) participants and “poor” in 42/113 (95% CI: 32.0, 53.0) participants. Comparison to Australian female norms revealed significantly lower QoL scores in the physical domain, across all ages, and in psychological domain for those aged <30 and 30–40 years. There was a significant association between increased catastrophizing scores and reduced odds of good QoL. An increase in PCS by one point is associated with a 6.3% decrease in the odds of good QoL [odds ratio (OR) per one-point increase: 0.94 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.98), p = 0.008].

Conclusions
Pain catastrophizing is prevalent at clinically relevant levels in women with CPP across all domains. It is associated with higher pain levels and decreased QoL.

Implications
There is potential for further studies to investigate the predictive nature of pain catastrophizing and management targeting catastrophizing to improve outcomes in women with CPP.
Synthesis, crystal structure and photoluminescence of Re(I)2(μ-4,4′-bipyridine)(8-quinolinolato)2(CO)6
Authors: Vogler Arnd , Bodensteiner Michael 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The binuclear complex Re(I)2(μ-4,4′-bipyridine)(8-quinolinolato)2(CO)6 has been prepared and characterized including the crystal structure. This complex shows, dependent on the conditions, three emissions, which originate from the quinolinolate IL excited state (fluorescence and phosphorescence) and from a Re(I) to 4,4′-bipyridine MLCT state (phosphorescence).
Signal Transfer in Passive Dendrites with Nonuniform Membrane Conductance
Authors: London Michael , Meunier Claude , Segev Idan 
Published: April 2018

In recent years it became clear that dendrites possess a host of ion channels that may be distributed nonuniformly over their membrane surface. In cortical pyramids, for example, it was demonstrated that the resting membrane conductance Gm(x) is higher (the membrane is “leakier”) at distal dendritic regions than at more proximal sites. How does this spatial nonuniformity in Gm(x) affect the input–output function of the neuron? The present study aims at providing basic insights into this question. To this end, we have analytically studied the fundamental effects of membrane non-uniformity in passive cable structures.Keeping the total membrane conductance over a given modeled structure fixed (i.e., a constant number of passive ion channels), the classical case of cables with uniform membrane conductance is contrasted with various nonuniform cases with the following general conclusions. (1) For cylindrical cables with “sealed ends,” monotonic increase in Gm(x) improves voltage transfer from the input location to the soma. The steeper the Gm(x), the larger the improvement. (2) This effect is further enhanced when the stimulation is distal and consists of a synaptic input rather than a current source. (3) Any nonuniformity in Gm(x) decreases the electrotonic length, L, of the cylinder. (4) The system time constant τ0is larger in the nonuniform case than in the corresponding uniform case. (5) When voltage transients relax with τ0, the dendritic tree is not isopotential in the nonuniform case, at variance with the uniform case. The effect of membrane nonuniformity on signal transfer in reconstructed dendritic trees and on the I/f relation of the neuron is also considered, and experimental methods for assessing membrane nonuniformity in dendrites are discussed.
Cortical Involvement in the Induction, But Not Expression, of Thalamic Plasticity
Authors: Parker Jayson L. , Dostrovsky Jonathan O. 
Published: April 2018

The present study examined the role of the somatosensory cortex in the plasticity of thalamic sensory maps. Thalamic plasticity was induced by the disruption of hindlimb input by unilateral destruction of nucleus gracilis. Unilateral somatosensory cortex lesions were performed either on the same day as or a week after the removal of hindlimb input. Multiple electrode penetrations enabled us to measure the volume of somatosensory thalamus devoted to hindlimb, forepaw, and shoulder body regions.Cortical lesions alone did not change the volume of the shoulder, forepaw, or hindlimb representations in the thalamus relative to controls. However, these lesions blocked the increase in shoulder representation resulting from the nucleus gracilis lesion. In contrast, if thalamic reorganization caused by removal of hindlimb input was allowed to occur, subsequent somatosensory cortex lesions 1 week later did not prevent reorganization. Thus, an intact somatosensory cortex is necessary for the occurrence of sensory map reorganization at the thalamic level (induction) in response to nucleus gracilis lesions, but not for the maintenance of such changes once they are present (expression).
Specificity of Projections from Wide-Field and Local Motion-Processing Regions within the Middle Temporal Visual Area of the Owl Monkey
Authors: Berezovskii Vladimir K. , Born Richard T. 
Published: April 2018

The middle temporal visual area (MT) of the owl monkey is anatomically organized with respect to both preferred direction of motion and different types of center–surround interaction. The latter organization consists of clusters of neurons whose receptive fields have antagonistic surrounds that render them unresponsive to wide-field motion (local motion columns) interdigitated with groups of neurons whose receptive fields have additive surrounds and thus respond best to wide-field motion (wide-field motion columns).To learn whether the information in these regions remained segregated further along the visual pathways, we made injections of retrograde tracers into two visual areas to which MT projects [the medial superior temporal area (MST) and fundus of the superior temporal sulcus (FST)] and then labeled the wide-field and local organization using 2-deoxyglucose. In complementary experiments, we injected anterograde tracers into regions of MT that we had mapped using microelectrode recordings.Injections into both dorsal FST and ventral MST labeled clusters of cell bodies in MT that were concentrated within wide-field motion columns, whereas injections into dorsal MST labeled neurons predominantly within local motion columns. Results from the anterograde tracer experiments corroborated these findings. The high degree of specificity in the connections reinforces a model of functional organization for wide-field versus local motion processing within MT. Our data support the previously reported division of FST into separate dorsal and ventral areas, and they also suggest that MST of the owl monkey is, like MST of the macaque, functionally organized with respect to local versus wide-field motion processing.
Activation of Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Induces Long-Term Depression of Synaptic Transmission in the Rat Amygdala
Authors: Lin Hui-Ching , Wang Su-Jane , Luo Ming-Zen , Gean Po-Wu 
Published: April 2018

An animal model most sensitive for measuring anticipatory anxiety is fear conditioning, which is expressed by an enduring increase in synaptic strength in the amygdala. A converse view predicts that agents that induce long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic efficacy in the amygdala may be useful in the amelioration of stress disorders. In the present study, we show that activation of group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR II) by (2S,3S,4S)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl) glycine (l-ccg) induces an LTD in the basolateral amygdala neurons. The effect was concentration-dependent with a maximal inhibition of ∼30%. The induction ofl-CCG LTD required concurrent synaptic activity, required presynaptic but not postsynaptic Ca2+increases, and was independent of NMDA receptors.l-CCG LTD was associated with an increase in the ratio of paired-pulse facilitation and was not occluded by low-frequency stimulation-induced LTD, suggesting that these two forms of LTD did not share a common underlying mechanism.After eliciting LTD withl-CCG, application of isoproterenol increased the synaptic responses back to its original baseline, demonstrating that chemically depressed synapses could be potentiated by another chemical. A selective PKA inhibitor, KT 5720, by its own caused a depression of synaptic transmission and blockedl-CCG LTD, presumably by mimicking and thereby occluding any further depression. Together, these results suggest thatl-CCG LTD is induced by presynaptically mGluR II-mediated inhibition of Ca2+-sensitive adenylyl cyclase, resulting in a decrease in cAMP formation and PKA activation, which leads to a long-lasting decrease in transmitter release.
Substance P Abolishes the Facilitatory Effect of ATP on Spontaneous Glycine Release in Neurons of the Trigeminal Nucleus Pars Caudalis
Authors: Wang Zhi-Ming , Katsurabayashi Shutaro , Rhee Jeong-Seop , Brodwick Malcolm , Akaike Norio 
Published: April 2018

Glycine release was facilitated by the activation of presynaptic ATP receptors (P2X-type) in a preparation of dissociated trigeminal nucleus pars caudalis neurons in which the native synaptic boutons were preserved. The action of ATP was completely blocked by substance P (SP) without alteration of the miniature IPSC (mIPSC) amplitude distribution. SP itself had no effect on mIPSC frequency or amplitude. The inhibitory effect of SP on ATP action was blocked by CP99994, indicating that the SP receptors are of the neurokinin-1 type. The ATP-induced facilitation of the mIPSC frequency was unaffected by Cd2+. Moreover, SP did not inhibit the increase in mIPSC frequency induced high K+application, suggesting that SP did not modulate voltage-dependent calcium channels or subsequent steps in the release process.KT5720 and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate did not block SP action, indicating that neither the cAMP–protein kinase A nor the protein kinase C pathway mediates the SP effects. However, in the presence ofN-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulphonamide (W-7), SP was no longer able to inhibit the ATP-induced stimulation of mIPSC frequency. 1-[N,O-bis(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-l-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazine also suppressed the SP action, suggesting that SP modulates P2Xreceptors via a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-mediated pathway. In conventional whole-cell mode, the presence of W-7 in the patch pipette did not affect the SP inhibitory action. Thus, SP is not likely to be generating its modulation through the production of a retrograde signal (involving calmodulin) from the postsynaptic cell to the presynaptic boutons.These results are the first demonstration of the modulation of one presynaptic receptor by another. Because SP inhibits the ATP stimulation of glycine release, SP may play a significant role in hyperalgesia or chronic pain.
Adaptive Axonal Remodeling in the Midbrain Auditory Space Map
Authors: DeBello William M. , Feldman Daniel E. , Knudsen Eric I. 
Published: April 2018

The auditory space map in the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICX) of barn owls is highly plastic, especially during early life. When juvenile owls are reared with prismatic spectacles (prisms) that displace the visual field laterally, the auditory spatial tuning of neurons in the ICX adjusts adaptively to match the visual displacement. In the present study, we show that this functional plasticity is accompanied by axonal remodeling.The ICX receives auditory input from the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) via topographic axonal projections. We used the anterograde tracer biocytin to study experience-dependent changes in the spatial pattern of axons projecting from the ICC to the ICX. The projection fields in normal adults were sparser and more restricted than those in normal juveniles. The projection fields in prism-reared adults were denser and broader than those in normal adults and contained substantially more bouton-laden axons that were appropriately positioned in the ICX to convey adaptive auditory spatial information. Quantitative comparison of results from juvenile and prism-reared owls indicated that prism experience led to topographically appropriate axonal sprouting and synaptogenesis. We conclude that this elaboration of axons represents the formation of an adaptive neuronal circuit.The density of axons and boutons in the normal projection zone was preserved in prism-reared owls. The coexistence of two different circuits encoding alternative maps of space may underlie the ability of prism-reared owls to readapt to normal conditions as adults.
Anxiolytic and Anti-Stress Effects of Brain Prolactin: Improved Efficacy of Antisense Targeting of the Prolactin Receptor by Molecular Modeling
Authors: Torner Luz , Toschi Nicola , Pohlinger Agnes , Landgraf Rainer , Neumann Inga D. 
Published: April 2018

We provide the first evidence that prolactin is a neuromodulator of behavioral and neuroendocrine stress coping in the rat. In virgin female and male rats, intracerebral infusion of ovine prolactin (oPRL) into the lateral cerebral ventricle (intracerebroventricular) exerted an anxiolytic effect on the elevated plus-maze in a dose-dependent manner (0.1 and 1.0 μg/5 μl;p< 0.01). In contrast, downregulation of the expression of the long form of brain prolactin receptors by chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) (osmotic minipump, 0.5 μg · 0.5 μl−1 · hr−1; 5 d) increased anxiety-related behavior on the plus-maze compared with mixed bases-treated and vehicle-treated rats (p< 0.01), again demonstrating an anxiolytic effect of PRL acting at brain level. Furthermore, in jugular vein-catheterized female rats, the stress-induced increase of corticotropin secretion was decreased after chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of oPRL (osmotic minipump, 1.0 μg · 0.5 μl−1 · hr−1;p< 0.05) and, in contrast, was further elevated by antisense targeting of the brain prolactin receptors (p< 0.01). This provides evidence for a receptor-mediated attenuation of the responsiveness of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by prolactin. The antisense ODN sequence was selected on the basis of secondary structure molecular modeling of the target mRNA to improve antisense ODN–mRNA hybridization. Receptor autoradiography confirmed the expected improvement in the efficacy of downregulation of prolactin receptor expression [empirically designed antisense, 30%;p> 0.05, not significant; adjustment of target position after mRNA modeling, 72%;p< 0.05). Taken together, prolactin acting at brain level has to be considered as a novel regulator of both emotionality and HPA axis reactivity.
Control of Serotonergic Function in Medial Prefrontal Cortex by Serotonin-2A Receptors through a Glutamate-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Martı́n-Ruiz Raúl , Puig M. Victoria , Celada Pau , Shapiro David A. , Roth Bryan L. , Mengod Guadalupe , Artigas Francesc 
Published: April 2018

We examined thein vivoeffects of the hallucinogen 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DOI). DOI suppressed the firing rate of 7 of 12 dorsal raphe (DR) serotonergic (5-HT) neurons and partially inhibited the rest (ED50= 20 μg/kg, i.v.), an effect reversed by M100907 (5-HT2Aantagonist) and picrotoxinin (GABAAantagonist). DOI (1 mg/kg, s.c.) reduced the 5-HT release in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to 33 ± 8% of baseline, an effect also antagonized by M100907. However, the local application of DOI in the mPFC increased 5-HT release (164 ± 6% at 100 μm), an effect antagonized by tetrodotoxin, M100907, and BAY × 3702 (5-HT1Aagonist) but not by SB 242084 (5-HT2Cantagonist). The 5-HT increase was also reversed by NBQX (AMPA–KA antagonist) and 1S,3S-ACPD (mGluR 2/3 agonist) but not by MK-801 (NMDA antagonist). AMPA mimicked the 5-HT elevation produced by DOI. Likewise, the electrical–chemical stimulation of thalamocortical afferents and the local inhibition of glutamate uptake increased the 5-HT release through AMPA receptors. DOI application in mPFC increased the firing rate of a subgroup of 5-HT neurons (5 of 10), indicating an enhanced output of pyramidal neurons. Dual-label fluorescence confocal microscopic studies demonstrated colocalization of 5-HT1Aand 5-HT2Areceptors on individual cortical pyramidal neurons.Thus, DOI reduces the activity of ascending 5-HT neurons through a DR-based action and enhances serotonergic and glutamatergic transmission in mPFC through 5-HT2Aand AMPA receptors. Because pyramidal neurons coexpress 5-HT1Aand 5-HT2Areceptors, DOI disrupts the balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs and leads to an increased activity that may mediate its hallucinogenic action.