bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional responses of the hippocampus to hyperexcitability depend on directed, neuron‐specific KCNQ2 K+ channel plasticity
Authors: Carver Chase M. , Hastings Shayne D. , Cook Mileah E. , Shapiro Mark S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractM‐type (KCNQ2/3) K+ channels play dominant roles in regulation of active and passive neuronal discharge properties such as resting membrane potential, spike‐frequency adaptation, and hyper‐excitatory states. However, plasticity of M‐channel expression and function in nongenetic forms of epileptogenesis are still not well understood. Using transgenic mice with an EGFP reporter to detect expression maps of KCNQ2 mRNA, we assayed hyperexcitability‐induced alterations in KCNQ2 transcription across subregions of the hippocampus. Pilocarpine and pentylenetetrazol chemoconvulsant models of seizure induction were used, and brain tissue examined 48 hr later. We observed increases in KCNQ2 mRNA in CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons after chemoconvulsant‐induced hyperexcitability at 48 hr, but no significant change was observed in dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells. Using chromogenic in situ hybridization assays, changes to KCNQ3 transcription were not detected after hyper‐excitation challenge, but the results for KCNQ2 paralleled those using the KCNQ2‐mRNA reporter mice. In mice 7 days after pilocarpine challenge, levels of KCNQ2 mRNA were similar in all regions to those from control mice. In brain‐slice electrophysiology recordings, CA1 pyramidal neurons demonstrated increased M‐current amplitudes 48 hr after hyperexcitability; however, there were no significant changes to DG granule cell M‐current amplitude. Traumatic brain injury induced significantly greater KCNQ2 expression in the hippocampal hemisphere that was ipsilateral to the trauma. In vivo, after a secondary challenge with subconvulsant dose of pentylenetetrazole, control mice were susceptible to tonic–clonic seizures, whereas mice administered the M‐channel opener retigabine were protected from such seizures. This study demonstrates that increased excitatory activity promotes KCNQ2 upregulation in the hippocampus in a cell‐type specific manner. Such novel ion channel expressional plasticity may serve as a compensatory mechanism after a hyperexcitable event, at least in the short term. The upregulation described could be potentially leveraged in anticonvulsant enhancement of KCNQ2 channels as therapeutic target for preventing onset of epileptogenic seizures.
SUITABILITY OF SHALLOW GROUNDWATER FOR IRRIGATION: THE CASE OF THE WONJI SHOA SUGAR ESTATE (ETHIOPIA)
Authors: Dinka Megersa Olumana , Tadesse Kassahun Birhanu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated the possibility of conjunctive use (CU) of shallow groundwater (SGW) and surface water for irrigation at the Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate (WSSE) (Ethiopia). Irrigation suitability was investigated by taking 46 SGW samples from piezometers and hand‐dug wells. Many physicochemical parameters (Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+, K+, CO3−, SO42−, HCO3−, Cl−, TH, EC, TDS and pH) and other indices (MAR (magnesium adsorption ratio), SSP (soluble sodium percentage), SAR (sodium absorption ratio), RSC (residual sodium carbonate), KR (Kelly's ratio) and permeability index (PI)) were analysed following standard procedures. The salinity and infiltration problems of SGW were found to be none to moderate with no chloride and boron ion toxicity. The sodium ion toxicity problems are slight to moderate. The SGW is generally categorized under C3S1 (high salinity and low sodium hazard). However, a high value of SSP and RSC indicates a high possibility of occurrence of infiltration problems when using SGW. Hence, CU of SGW and surface water must be practised to minimize the potential problems of infiltration and salinization and their associated difficulties in soil and sugar cane productivity. Therefore, during CU planning, optimum irrigation scheduling that considers the in situ use of groundwater table must be practised. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discriminating polymorph distributions in pharmaceutical tablets using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy
Authors: Sarri Barbara , Canonge Rafaël , Audier Xavier , Lavastre Valérie , Pénarier Géraldine , Alie Jean , Rigneault Hervé 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging is used to probe active pharmaceutical ingredient exhibiting polymorphism within compact tablets. We show that few SRS images performed at selected wavenumbers allow to access both active pharmaceutical ingredients polymorphs and excipients from which molecular mapping is retrieved over millimetre‐size areas. We exemplified the approach using SRS images acquired at five wavenumbers to map clopidogrel and amibegron polymorphs embedded into excipients (polyethylene glycol, corn starch, and mannitol tablets). Our study demonstrates that SRS imaging can be used as a novel fast molecular mapping technique for pharmaceutical tablets characterization.
Effect of Benzheterazoles on the Micellar Behavior of Sodium Dodecylsulfate in Dimethylsulfoxide: A Conductometric and Spectroscopic Approach
Authors: Chauhan Suvarcha , Manglam Anand Kumar , Kumari Santosh , Kaundal Pooja , Sundaresan Chittor N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this article, we report intermolecular interactions in terms of the effect of benzfused heterocyclic compounds, i.e., 2‐thioureidobenzimidazole and 2‐thioureidobenzoxazole (0.00, 0.01, and 0.05 mol kg−1), on the micellization behavior of sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) (1–52 mmol kg−1) in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) at different temperatures (293.15–313.15 K) through conductometric and spectroscopic investigations. The variation of specific conductance with SDS concentration has been utilized to estimate the critical micelle concentration (
CMC). The above‐performed techniques infer that the presence of additives results in a decrease in the CMC values. Various standard thermodynamic parameters such as free energy change (), enthalpy change (), and entropy change () of micellization have been determined using the temperature dependence of CMC. The above calculated parameters and also UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy have been used to obtain information regarding the various interactions between the compounds and surfactant aggregates. In addition, an attempt has also been made to examine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the heterocompounds, which indicates the effectiveness of these compounds against fungus growth at a particular concentration. These synthetic heterocyclic compounds find increasing applications in material science, medicinal chemistry, and biochemistry due to their antifungal and antioxidant properties.
Knowledge combination and sustainability of the Eyre Peninsula's fishing industry in Australia
Authors: Quartey Samuel Howard , Wells Sam 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper develops a knowledge combination view on sustainable industries by investigating the Eyre Peninsula's fishing industry in Australia. Although the notion of knowledge combination has received great attention, it is less researched at the industry level. Researchers examining knowledge combination have paid less attention to sustainable industries, which this paper seeks to address. After examining the Eyre Peninsula's fishing industry by interviewing 54 different individual actors representing a wide range of sectors within the industry, this study uncovers the following seven distinctive bundles of knowledge that when combined can underpin the sustainability of the industry: sustainability, industrial, intergenerational, institutional, collective, scientific, and technological knowledge. The findings also reveal that different integrating mechanisms supported the combination and integration of the bundles of knowledge towards the sustainability of the Eyre Peninsula's fishing industry. The findings further suggest that the combination of these knowledge explains current improvements in environmental, economic, and social sustainable practices within the industry. The primary contribution of this paper is to introduce and develop a knowledge combination view on sustainable industries and also add to the literature on knowledge‐based view of sustainability. The theoretical, managerial, and research implications of these findings are discussed.
Structured Light from Lasers
Authors: Forbes Andrew 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStructured light is derived from the ability to tailor light, usually referring to the spatial control of its amplitude, phase, and polarization. Although a venerable topic that dates back to the very first laser designs, structuring light at the source has seen an explosion in activity over the past decade, fuelled by a modern toolkit that exploits the versatility of diffractive structures, liquid crystals, metasurfaces/metamaterials, and exotic laser geometries, as well as a myriad of applications that range from imaging, microscopy, and laser material processing to optical communication. Here, the recent progress in creating and controlling structured light is reviewed, with particular emphasis on structuring light at the source: structured light lasers. The various design approaches, including pump shaping, cavity geometries, and the use of custom intracavity optical elements, implemented in a variety of lasers from microchip solutions to high‐power fibers are covered in a tutorial style. The history and latest developments in the field are reviewed, elucidating the various structured light patterns that have been created from lasers, including orbital angular momentum and vector states of light. Finally, the present challenges and limitations are highlighted, along with comments on likely future trends.
FTIR Studies on PMMA‐LiNO3 Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Patil Vilas S. , Vithya K. , Premalatha M. , Sundaresan B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFlexible and free standing solid polymer electrolytes are prepared using solution casting technique comprising PMMA and LiNO3. The properties of the polymer system are further improved by adding nanofillers to the polymer matrix. Hence in the present work, the nanofiller Al2O3 is added to PMMA‐LiNO3 network. The increase in amorphous nature of the polymer with increase in LiNO3 and Al2O3 is revealed by XRD. The interaction of LiNO3 and Al2O3 with the polymer PMMA is analyzed by FTIR.
Effect of Cu Doping on Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Sol–Gel Method
Authors: Kumbhar Deepak , Kumbhar Sarita , Salunke Govind , Nalawade Rekha , Nalawade Avinash 
Published: October 2019

AbstractZnO has large exciton binding energy (60 meV) and wide direct band gap (3.37 eV). It is a promising base materials for optoelectronics applications. To optimize its optical properties, Cu doped ZnO is synthesized by low cost sol–gel method and analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV–vis spectroscopy. The XRD analysis reveals that the samples are polycrystalline with hexagonal wurtzite structure. It also indicates that there is no impurity peaks present in prepared samples and shows that the samples are stoichiometric. SEM images of Cu doping exhibit a slight variation in grain size. In addition, the absorption spectrum of pure and Cu doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are studied and Tauc plots show band gap narrowing effect on Cu doping concentration to use it as advance material in diiferent devices.
Study of Interaction between Human Hemoglobin and Antitubercular Isoniazid Drug with Its Detection
Authors: Patil Shilpa R. , Mahanwar Sunanda T. , Gunjal Datta B. , Wakshe Saubai B. , Anbhule Prashant V. , Kolekar Govind B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe high intake of antitubercular isonicotinyl hydrazide (INH) is hazardous to human body. Hence, there is a need for its detection. For this reason, we study interaction between human hemoglobin (HHb) and INH by applying fluorescence and UV–vis spectroscopic techniques. Fluorimetric as well as UV–vis results showed the formation of complex between HHb and INH. The proposed HHb‐based fluorescence method was applied directly for the determination of INH in pharmaceutical sample.
In Vitro Study of Ethyl‐4‐(3,4.5‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐2,7,7‐trimethyl‐5‐oxo1,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylate and Bovine Serum Albumin Using Multi‐Spectroscopic Techniques and Molecular Docking
Authors: Kumbhar Sunil D. , Gore Anil H. , Choudhari Prafulla B. , Barooah Nilotpal , Anbhule Prashant V. , Sonavane Yogesh S. , Kolekar Govind B. , Bodake Anita J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe binding of quinolone derivative ethyl‐4‐(3,4.5‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐2,7,7‐trimethyl‐5‐oxo1,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylate (ETMTMHQC) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) is investigated by various spectroscopic methods and molecular docking analysis. The fluorescence quenching spectroscopic results show that ETMTMHQC bind to the protein BSA. The binding constant value is found to be 5.2 × 10−6 K (mol dm3). The thermodynamic parameter of the system shows increase in temperature with gradual decrease in Stern–Volmer quenching constant thereby indicating static quenching mode. Negative entropy and positive enthalpy indicate the hydrogen bonding interaction. The (r) distance between BSA and ETMTMHQC obtained from fluorescence resonance energy transfer is found to be 7.0 nm. The UV–visible spectra reveal the increase in absorbance on formation of BSA–ETMTMHQC complex. The CD spectral study indicates reduction of α‐helical structure in BSA and small changes in the tertiary structure of the protein. ETMTMHQC interacts strongly with BSA, and small changes in protein morphology are advised by molecular docking results. Moreover, docking results show that ETMTMHQC binds to BSA at ASN390 residue.
Synthesis and Characterization of Pb‐Doped MnS Thin Films
Authors: Sonavane D. K. , Jare S. K. , Shaikh M. A. , Suryawanshi R. V. , Kathare R. V. , Bulakhe R. N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPure and Pb‐doped MnS thin films are prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method onto glass substrates at 60 °C temperature. The films are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, and optical absorption spectroscopy. The particle size of the crystalline is determined from the XRD patterns using Scherrer formula and is 47 nm for MnS thin films. The particle size shows a change in the case of the Pb‐doped film. The optical band gap of MnS thin film is found to be 3.1 eV, which decreases on doping with Pb. SEM graphs of doping of Pb in MnS confirmed the formation of spherical superstructure and indicate that the Pb2+ is successfully substituted into the MnS host structure of the Mn2+ site.
Durable Self‐Cleaning Superhydrophobic Coating of SiO2–Cyanoacrylate Adhesive via Facile Dip Coat Technique
Authors: Sutar Rajaram S. , Latthe Sanjay S. , Bhosale A. K. , Xing Ruimin , Liu Shanhu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe hydrophobic silica nanoparticles have been widely used in the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces. In this study, we prepared superhydrophobic coating using hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles by facile dip coat technique. After that, a layer of cyanoacrylate adhesive was applied to improve the durability of the superhydrophobic coating. Finally, the coating was annealed at 200 °C for 10 min. A water drop on prepared superhydrophobic coating showed contact angle ≈173° and sliding angle ≈1°. The prepared superhydrophobic coating revealed self‐cleaning behavior for more than 2 years. This approach can be useful for fabrication of superhydrophobic coating for practical industrial application including solar panel, windows glass, vehicle glass and fabrics, and so on.
Preparation of Sodium Silicate–Based Aerogels Using a Two‐Step Sol–Gel Process and Ambient Pressure Drying
Authors: Bangi Uzma K. H. , Pandit Shivani S. , Bagal Dhanashri B. , Park Hyung‐Ho 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe experimental result on the preparation of sodium silicate–based aerogels using a two‐step sol–gel process and ambient pressure drying is presented. The silica aerogels are prepared by following the procedure, namely, gel preparation, shaking of the gel in water and methanol, silylation/washing of the gel, and finally drying of the silylated gel at ambient pressure. The influence of various sol–gel and preparation parameters such as wt% of silica (2–6 wt%), NH4F:HCl molar ratios (0–0.5), and aging periods (0 to 24 h) on the physical and textural properties of the aerogels is studied. The physical properties such as bulk density, thermal conductivity, optical transmission, as well as the textural properties using BET analysis are studied. It is observed that the silica aerogels prepared using 3 wt% of silica, NH4F:HCl molar ratio of 0.333, and 3‐h aging period have low density ≈0.11 g cc–1, low thermal conductivity ≈0.12 W mK–1, as well as larger BJH (desorption) and BET surface areas of around 900 and 590 m2 g–1, respectively. The as‐synthesized aerogels have reduced processing period of 36 h and posses larger surface area. The as‐synthesized aerogels can be applied for thermal insulation purpose.
Dielectric Studies of Lanthanum‐Doped BaNd2Ti3O10
Authors: Abhange Parshuram B. , Kokare Shrikant R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe low dielectric loss, high dielectric constant, high quality factor are the most desirable characteristics of the microwave dielectric materials. Many researchers are paying their attention to synthesize non‐lead based perovskite ceramic, due to the hazardous nature of lead based ceramics. Here, the BaNd2−xLaxTi3O10 (for x = 0.02 and 0.04) material is synthesized by choosing the solid state reaction method, which is easy and of low cost. The synthesized material is then taken for characterization to study its dielectric properties.
Sulfated Tin Oxide: An Immensely Potent and Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Kagne Raju , Niwadange Sandeep , Kalalawe Virbhadra , Gutte Raoji , Munde Dashrath 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this research, a new strategy for synthesis of benzimidazoles via condensing o‐phenylenediamine and substituted aldehydes by adopting prepared sulfated tin oxide as solid heterogenous catalyst in water ethanol system (1:1‐v/v) at reflux condition has been developed. The solid sulfated tin oxide is synthesized and confirmed by XRD, EDS map, SEM images, and FTIR. The reaction is optimized for different solvents and loading of catalyst. The yields of all benzimidazole derivatives are observed in the range of 80–94%. All the synthesized benzimidazoles are analyzed by spectral data. The use of ecologically benign catalyst sulfated tin oxide, solvent system, ample substrate scope with good atom economy, environmental affordability, and easy work up makes this protocol green.
Studies on Dielectric Properties of ADP Crystals
Authors: Bharati B. , Devendrappa Mahalesh , Pushapajali G. M. , Sannakki Basavaraja 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAmmonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4HPO4, ADP) is an excellent inorganic nonlinear optical material with different device applications. The present work is based on the pure ADP crystals that is successfully grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. The grown crystals are subjected to various characterizations like XRD, and dielectric studies. The crystalline nature and tetragonal structure of the grown crystals having lattice parameters are observed by powder X‐ray diffraction analysis. The dielectric properties such as dielectric constant and dielectric loss for the crystals at different areas are studied as a function of frequency in the range 50 kHz to 5 MHz at room temperature. It is found that the dielectric permittivity decreased exponentially at lower frequency region up to 1 kHz and then the dielectric permittivity remains constant at higher frequency region as the frequency increased. It is observed that as area of ADP crystal increases the dielectric constant increases and for area of 42 mm2 the dielectric constant value is high among all the different areas of ADP crystals.
Near‐field analysis of discrete bowtie plasmonic nanoantennas
Authors: Moreno Camilo , Méndez‐Lozoya Javier , González Gabriel , González Francisco J. , Boreman Glenn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA discrete antenna is a discretized version of a traditional antenna design which enhances the antenna properties (such as field intensity, multi‐band, compact size, and low sidelobe levels) of its traditional counterpart. In this work, a classical bowtie antenna is discretized using circular elements of different sizes. Numerical simulations and near‐field optical scanning microscopy are performed on classical and discrete bowtie antennas in the infrared. Simulations show that discrete antennas have an increased bandwidth and an increased number of electric‐field hotspots and near‐field measurements confirm the increment of hotspots. These characteristics make discrete antennas potentially useful in applications where an extended region of localized electric field enhancements is of interest.
Preparation of graphene/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite hydrogel films with enhanced electrical and mechanical properties
Authors: Alam Ashraful , Moussa Mahmoud 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElectrically conductive and robust composite hydrogel films are the increasing demand for compact and portable energy storage systems and biosensor. We herein present a simple route for electrically conductive and strong graphene/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite hydrogel films by a casting method using processable graphene sheets. Both pure PVA and graphene/PVA composite hydrogel films were characterized by various techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), electrical, and mechanical measurements. High‐quality, processable graphene sheets effectively enhanced the composite's electrical conductivity; a percolation threshold was achieved at 4.6 vol% of graphene mass loading. At 10 wt% nanomaterials loading, Young's modulus, and tensile strength improved by 369% and 930%, respectively, compared with neat PVA hydrogel films. The significant reinforcement found in composite films containing water attributed to strong interface between water, high‐quality graphene sheets, and PVA polymer chains. As supercapacitor electrodes, composite hydrogel film delivered a gravimetric capacitance of 9.5 F/g. This work provides a new approach for fabricating electrically conductive hydrogel films using nonconducting polymer for supercapacitor.