bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconnecting mothers and children after violence (RECOVER): a feasibility study protocol of child–parent psychotherapy in Australia
Authors: Hooker Leesa , Toone Emma , Raykar Vibhay , Humphreys Cathy , Morris Anita , Westrupp Elizabeth , Taft Angela 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionIntimate partner violence detrimentally affects the social and emotional well-being of children and mothers. These two populations are impacted both individually and within the context of their relationship with one another. Child mental health, maternal mental health and the mother–child relationship may be impaired as a consequence. Early intervention to prevent or arrest impaired mother–child attachment and child development is needed. Dyadic or relational mental health interventions that include mothers with their children, such as child–parent psychotherapy, are effective in improving the mental health of both children and mothers and also strengthening their relationship. While child–parent psychotherapy has been trialled overseas in several populations, Australian research on relational interventions for children and women recovering from violence is limited. This study aims to assess the acceptability and feasibility of implementing child–parent psychotherapy in Australian families.Methods and analysisUsing a mixed methods, prepost design this feasibility study will examine the acceptability of the intervention to women with preschool aged children (3–5 years, n=15 dyads) and providers, and identify process issues including recruitment, retention and barriers to implementation and sustainability. In addition, intervention efficacy will be assessed using maternal and child health outcomes and functioning, and mother–child attachment measures. Young children’s mental health needs are underserviced in Australia. More research is needed to fully understand parenting in the context of intimate partner violence and what works to help women and children recover. If the intervention is found to be feasible, findings will inform future trials and expansion of child–parent psychotherapy in Australia.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval obtained from clinical sites and the La Trobe University Human Research Ethics Committee (ID: HEC17-108). Results will be disseminated through conference proceedings and academic publications.
Suitability of the German version of the Manchester Triage System to redirect emergency department patients to general practitioner care: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Slagman Anna , Greiner Felix , Searle Julia , Harriss Linton , Thompson Fintan , Frick Johann , Bolanaki Myrto , Lindner Tobias , Möckel Martin 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate the suitability of the German version of the Manchester Triage System (MTS) as a potential tool to redirect emergency department (ED) patients to general practitioner care. Such tools are currently being discussed in the context of reorganisation of emergency care in Germany.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingSingle centre University Hospital Emergency Department.ParticipantsAdult, non-surgical ED patients.ExposureA non-urgent triage category was defined as a green or blue triage category according to the German version of the MTS.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSurrogate parameters for short-term risk (admission rate, diagnoses, length of hospital stay, admission to the intensive care unit, in-hospital and 30-day mortality) and long-term risk (1-year mortality).ResultsA total of 1122 people presenting to the ED participated in the study. Of these, 31.9% (n=358) received a non-urgent triage category and 68.1% (n=764) were urgent. Compared with non-urgent ED presentations, those with an urgent triage category were older (median age 60 vs 56 years, p=0.001), were more likely to require hospital admission (47.8% vs 29.6%) and had higher in-hospital mortality (1.6% vs 0.8%). There was no significant difference observed between non-urgent and urgent triage categories for 30-day mortality (1.2% [n=4] vs 2.2% [n=15]; p=0.285) or for 1-year mortality (7.9% [n=26] vs 10.5% [n=72]; p=0.190). Urgency was not a significant predictor of 1-year mortality in univariate (HR=1.35; 95% CI 0.87 to 2.12; p=0.185) and multivariate regression analyses (HR=1.20; 95% CI 0.77 to 1.89; p=0.420).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest the German MTS is unsuitable to safely identify patients for redirection to non-ED based GP care.Trial registration numberU1111-1119-7564; Post-results
Validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in Eritrean refugees living in Ethiopia
Authors: Getnet Berhanie , Alem Atalay 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundDepression is among the top mental health problems with a major contribution to the global burden of disease. This study aimed at identifying the latent factor structure and construct validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale.Participants and settingA cross-sectional survey of 562 adults aged 18 years and above who were randomly selected from the Eritrean refugee community living in the Mai-Aini refugee camp, Ethiopia.MeasuresThe CES-D Scale, Primary Care PTSD (PC-PTSD) screener, premigration and postmigration living difficulties checklist, Oslo Social Support Scale (OSS-3), Sense of Coherence Scale (SoC-13), Coping Style Scale and fast alcohol screening test (FAST) were administered concurrently. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to test prespecified factor structures of CES-D.ResultFirst-order two factors with second-order common factor structure of CES-D (correlated error terms) yielded the best fit to the data (Comparative Fit Index =0.975; root mean square error of approximation=0.040 [90% CI 0.032 to 0.047]). The 16 items defining depressive affect were internally consistent (Cronbach’s α=0.932) and internal consistency of the 4 items defining positive affect was relatively weak (Cronbach’s α=0.703). These two latent factors have a weaker standardised covariance estimate of 33% (24% for women and 40% for men), demonstrating evidence of discriminant validity. CES-D is significantly associated with measures of adversities, specifically, premigration living difficulties (r=0.545, p<0.001) and postmigration living difficulties (r=0.47, p<0.001), PC-PTSD (r=0.538, p<0.001), FAST (r=0.197, p<0.001) and emotion-oriented coping (r=0.096, p˂0.05) providing evidence of its convergent validity. It also demonstrated inverse association with measures of resilience factors, specifically, SoC-13 (r=−0.597, p<0.001) and OSS-3 (r=−0.319, p<0.001). The two correlated factors model of CES-D demonstrated configural, metric, scalar, error variance and structural covariance invariances (p>0.05) for both men and women.ConclusionsUnlike previous findings among Eritreans living in USA, second-order two factors structure of CES-D best fitted the data for Eritrean refugees living in Ethiopia; this implies that it is important to address culture for the assessment and intervention of depression.
B Part of It School Leaver protocol: an observational repeat cross-sectional study to assess the impact of a meningococcal serogroup B (4CMenB) vaccine programme on carriage ofNeisseria meningitidis
Authors: Marshall Helen S , McMillan Mark , Koehler Ann , Lawrence Andrew , MacLennan Jenny , Maiden Martin , Ramsay Mary , Ladhani Shamez N , Trotter Caroline , Borrow Ray , Finn Adam , Sullivan Thomas , Richmond Peter , Kahler Charlene , Whelan Jane , Vadivelu Kumaran 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionInvasive meningococcal disease is uncommon but associated with a high-case fatality rate. Carriage prevalence of the causative bacteria,Neisseria meningitidis, is high in adolescents. A large (n=34 500) cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) to assess the impact of a meningococcal B (MenB) vaccine on meningococcal carriage was implemented in the state of South Australia (SA) for year 10, 11 and 12 senior school students in 2017–2018. This study will assess the impact of MenB vaccine (4CMenB) on carriage prevalence in school leavers in SA, 1 and 2 years after implementation of the cluster RCT in adolescents. Measuring the impact of population programmes on carriage can assist in informing future meningococcal immunisation programmes such as targeted age groups and use of catch-up campaigns.Methods and analysisThis repeat cross-sectional study will assess carriage prevalence in 2018 and 2019. All school leavers who attended year 12 in any school in SA in 2018 or 2019 will be invited to participate in this study. An oropharyngeal swab will be taken from each participating student and a risk factor questionnaire completed by the student following informed consent. Students will attend clinics at SA universities, technical colleges, and metropolitan, rural and remote government council clinics. Confirmed vaccination history will allow a comparison in carriage prevalence between vaccinated and unvaccinated school leavers. A sample size of 4096 students per year will provide 80% power to detect a 20% difference in carriage prevalence of disease-causing meningococci (defined as genogroup A, B, C, W, X or Y) between years.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Women’s and Children’s Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee. Results will be published in international peer review journals and presented at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT03419533; Pre-results
Preoperative frailty and its association with postsurgical pain in an older patient cohort
Authors: Esses Gary Joseph , Liu Xiaoyu , Lin Hung-Mo , Khelemsky Yury , Deiner Stacie 
Published: May 2019

Background and objectivesChronic postsurgical pain in patients over 65 negatively impacts recovery, quality of life and physical functioning. In the community setting, chronic pain has been shown to be related to frailty, a syndrome more commonly seen in older adults and characterized by limited physiologic reserve and ability to withstand stressors. While frailty is an important preoperative risk factor for poor surgical outcomes in older adults, the relationship between frailty and postsurgical pain in this population has not been investigated. We hypothesized that preoperative frailty would be associated with greater odds of postsurgical chronic pain.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of 116 patients older than 65 years old who underwent major elective non-cardiac surgery. Patients were assessed for frailty within 30 days prior to surgery using the FRAIL Scale assessment and pain was evaluated before surgery and at 3 months after surgery using the Geriatric Pain Measure.ResultsAfter adjusting for baseline characteristics, we found that frail patients were almost five times more likely to have intrusive postsurgical pain compared with patients who were not frail (OR 4.73, 95% CI 1.24 to 18.09). Intrusive preoperative pain and spine surgery were also associated with increased postsurgical pain (OR 10.13, 95% CI 2.81 to 36.57 and OR 4.02, 95% CI 1.22 to 13.17, respectively).ConclusionAlthough future studies are needed to establish a causal relationship between preoperative frailty and postsurgical pain, our findings suggest that older patients should have preoperative frailty assessments and frail older adults may need additional resources to improve postsurgical pain outcomes.Trial registration numberNCT02650687
Irritable bowel syndrome is underdiagnosed and ineffectively managed among endurance athletes
Authors: Killian Lauren A. , Lee Soo-Yeun 
Published: May 2019

Lower gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common among endurance athletes and can impair performance. Symptom characteristics are similar to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). No previous research has examined IBS diagnosis (medically or by diagnostic criteria) within this population. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of IBS among endurance athletes and examine their GI symptom management strategies. A previously validated, online questionnaire assessed IBS diagnosis, the meeting of IBS diagnostic criteria (Rome III or Manning), general GI symptoms, and symptom mitigation strategies of endurance athletes. The questionnaire was distributed to United States athletes completing a marathon, ultra-marathon, half-distance triathlon, or full-distance triathlon. Medically diagnosed IBS was reported by 2.8% of endurance athletes. The total prevalence of IBS (n = 430) was 9.8% (medical diagnosis and Rome III). Athletes with IBS experienced more frequent symptoms during exercise as well as at rest; however, only 47.6% had consulted a medical professional. Over 56% of athletes experienced at least 1 symptom sometimes, often, or always during training and competition and 18.6% had symptoms that sometimes or often interrupted/prevented training. Almost half (45.8%) of athletes and 80.0% of athletes with IBS reported trying nutritional modifications to help ease symptoms while 20.6% and 52.4% used over-the-counter medications, respectively. Novelty Most endurance athletes who suffer from IBS are undiagnosed, while even more experience GI symptoms but do not fit diagnostic criteria. Despite using various symptom management methods, endurance athletes are still experiencing symptoms and could potentially benefit from current IBS-mitigating strategies.
The Philosophy that Guides our Science?
Authors: Stafford Tom 
Published: May 2019

I come before you in this forum as the Jester in the Court of the Philosopher Kings.
Keeping in mind the medieval commensuration of the term ?fool" with ?jester" and you will have a closer appreciation of the self-deprecating point I seek to make in this sense. I am but a lay reader of the literature of philosophy. However much I appreciate it, enthuse over it, or embrace it as the principle upon which my science is grounded, all the same, I am a simple journeyman, to borrow from Eric Clapton's similar self-deprecation, when it comes to the field of philosophy.
Intracellular Delivery of an Antibody Targeting Gasdermin-B Reduces HER2 Breast Cancer Aggressiveness
Authors: Molina-Crespo Ángela , Cadete Ana , Sarrio David , Gámez-Chiachio Manuel , Martinez Lidia , Chao Kinlin , Olivera Ana , Gonella Andrea , Díaz Eva , Palacios José , Dhal Pradeep K. , Besev Magnus , Rodríguez-Serrano Macarena , García Bermejo María Laura , Triviño Juan Carlos , Cano Amparo , García-Fuentes Marcos , Herzberg Osnat , Torres Dolores , Alonso Maria José , Moreno-Bueno Gema 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Gasdermin B (GSDMB) overexpression/amplification occurs in about 60% of HER2 breast cancers, where it promotes cell migration, resistance to anti-HER2 therapies, and poor clinical outcome. Thus, we tackle GSDMB cytoplasmic overexpression as a new therapeutic target in HER2 breast cancers.

Experimental Design:
We have developed a new targeted nanomedicine based on hyaluronic acid–biocompatible nanocapsules, which allow the intracellular delivery of a specific anti-GSDMB antibody into HER2 breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo.

Results:
Using different models of HER2 breast cancer cells, we show that anti-GSDMB antibody loaded to nanocapsules has significant and specific effects on GSDMB-overexpressing cancer cells' behavior in ways such as (i) lowering the in vitro cell migration induced by GSDMB; (ii) enhancing the sensitivity to trastuzumab; (iii) reducing tumor growth by increasing apoptotic rate in orthotopic breast cancer xenografts; and (iv) diminishing lung metastasis in MDA-MB-231-HER2 cells in vivo. Moreover, at a mechanistic level, we have shown that AbGB increases GSDMB binding to sulfatides and consequently decreases migratory cell behavior and may upregulate the potential intrinsic procell death activity of GSDMB.

Conclusions:
Our findings portray the first evidence of the effectiveness and specificity of an antibody-based nanomedicine that targets an intracellular oncoprotein. We have proved that intracellular-delivered anti-GSDMB reduces diverse protumor GSDMB functions (migration, metastasis, and resistance to therapy) in an efficient and specific way, thus providing a new targeted therapeutic strategy in aggressive HER2 cancers with poor prognosis.
Impact of Leadless Pacemaker Therapy on Cardiac and Atrioventricular Valve Function Through 12 Months of Follow-Up
Authors: Beurskens Niek E.G. , Tjong Fleur V.Y. , de Bruin-Bon Rianne H.A. , Dasselaar Kosse J. , Kuijt Wichert J. , Wilde Arthur A.M. , Knops Reinoud E. 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Endocardial pacemaker leads and right ventricular (RV) pacing are well-known causes of tricuspid valve, mitral valve, and cardiac dysfunction. Lead-related adverse consequences can potentially be mitigated by leadless pacemaker (LP) therapy by eliminating the presence of a transvalvular lead. This study assessed the impact of LP placement on cardiac and valvular structure and function.

Methods:
Echocardiographic studies before and 12±1 months after LP implantation were performed between January 2013 and May 2018 at our center and compared with age- and sex-matched controls of dual-chamber transvenous pacemaker recipients.

Results:

A total of 53 patients receiving an LP were included, of whom 28 were implanted with a Nanostim and 25 with a Micra LP device. Tricuspid valve regurgitation was graded as being more severe in 23 (43%) patients at 12±1 months compared with baseline (
P
<0.001). Compared with an apical position, an RV septal position of the LP was associated with increased tricuspid valve incompetence (odds ratio, 5.20;
P
=0.03). An increase in mitral valve regurgitation was observed in 38% of patients (
P
=0.006). LP implantation resulted in a reduction of RV function, according to a lower tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (
P
=0.003) and RV tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity (
P
=0.02), and a higher RV Tei index (
P
=0.04). LP implantation was further associated with a reduction of left ventricular ejection fraction (
P
=0.03) and elevated left ventricular Tei index (
P
=0.003). The changes in tricuspid valve regurgitation in the LP group were similar to the changes in the dual-chamber transvenous pacemaker control group (43% versus 38%, respectively;
P
=0.39).

Conclusions:
LP therapy is associated with an increase in tricuspid valve dysfunction through 12 months of follow-up; yet it was comparable to dual-chamber transvenous pacemaker systems. Furthermore, LP therapy seems to adversely impact mitral valve and biventricular function.
Prevalence of
RNF213
p.R4810K Variant in Early-Onset Stroke With Intracranial Arterial Stenosis
Authors: Kamimura Teppei , Okazaki Shuhei , Morimoto Takaaki , Kobayashi Hatasu , Harada Kouji , Tomita Tsutomu , Higashiyama Aya , Yoshimoto Takeshi , Takahashi Jun C. , Nakagawara Jyoji , Koga Masatoshi , Toyoda Kazunori , Maruyama Hirofumi , Koizumi Akio , Ihara Masafumi 
Published: May 2019

Background and Purpose—

The ring finger protein 213 gene (
RNF213
) is a susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease and large-artery ischemic stroke in East Asia. We examined the prevalence and correlates of the
RNF213
p.R4810K variant in patients with early-onset ischemic stroke in a Japanese single-center cohort.

Methods—
We analyzed 70 early-onset stroke patients with intracranial arterial stenosis who developed a noncardioembolic stroke or transient ischemic attack from 20 to 60 years of age. Patients with moyamoya disease were excluded.

Results—

The
RNF213
p.R4810K variant was found in 17 patients (24%), and more often in women than men (38% versus 16%, odds ratio 3.3; 95% CI, 1.1–10.2,
P
=0.04). The variant was identified in 35% of patients with stenosis in the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery or the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery (odds ratio, 25.0; 95% CI, 1.4–438;
P
<0.01) but in only one patient (9%) with intracranial posterior circulation stenosis. Conventional atherosclerotic risk factors did not differ between variant carriers and noncarriers.

Conclusions—

The
RNF213
p.R4810K variant is common in early-onset ischemic stroke with anterior circulation stenosis in Japan. Further investigation of the
RNF213
gene will provide new insights into pathogenetic mechanisms of early-onset stroke.
Considerations of Ethical Aspects of Control Strategies of Unowned Free-Roaming Dog Populations and the No-Kill Policy in Italy
Authors: Natoli E. , Cariola G. , Dall’Oglio G. , Valsecchi P. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The management of free-roaming dog populations is an important matter both for the local administrations that have to manage this problem and for the defenders of the animals’ rights. This review’s first objective is to analyse the legal status of the free-roaming dogs in some European countries. A second purpose of this work is to ask questions and to consider the ethical aspects of the already-existing strategies to control free-roaming dog populations. Italian Law no. 281, which was enacted in 1991, was intended to solve the problem of free-roaming dogs in Italy; at the same time, apparently in contradiction with this objective, the law called for a no-kill policy to be enforced throughout the whole national territory. Thus, for a dog that has no chances of adoption, the ethical debate has moved to the question of whether a “life imprisonment” is better than the “capital punishment”. In terms of ethical aspects of control strategies of free-roaming dog populations, we believe that the Italian national law, and its regional applications, are more functional than the other laws of Westernized countries, with the appropriate measures suggested and with a more accurate control on their application.
Stylogaster Macquart, 1835 (Diptera: Conopidae) from Northeastern Brazil: new records and two new species
Authors: ROCHA LEONARDO SILVESTRE GOMES , DE MELLO-PATIU CÁTIA ANTUNES 
Published: May 2019

Of the 69 Neotropical species of Stylogaster, only one record was previously known from Northeastern Brazil (from Bahia state in 1985—S. brasilia Camras & Parrillo). Several specimens from this region housed at the MNRJ collection were studied, mostly from Bahia, Ceará and Pernambuco states. Two new records were obtained: S. macrura Lopes, 1938, previously known from São Paulo state (Southeastern Brazil), and S. souzai Monteiro, 1960, from Amapá and Pará (Northern Brazil). Descriptions of two new species, S. hugoi sp. nov. and S. planitarsis sp. nov. are presented, as well as that of the previously unknown female of S. souzai. Illustrations and geographic distribution of the species are also provided.
Microscale Warming due to Poor Ventilation at Surface Observation Stations
Authors: Sugawara Hirofumi , Kondo Junsei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractScreen-level air temperature measurements at surface observation stations are influenced by local-site-scale factors. These local influences may affect global-scale climate change studies. This study investigated the influence of surface obstacles on air temperature measurements at the screen level at climate observation stations in Japan. Screen-level air temperature was measured simultaneously at two neighboring sites (<100 m apart) that differed in terms of their openness. Daytime air temperature was 0°–1°C higher at the narrower site, and theoretical analysis revealed that this warming was caused by poor ventilation. At night, poor ventilation at the narrower site caused the air temperature to be 0°–0.2°C lower, which was demonstrated experimentally and by theoretical analysis. The range of temperature changes due to site narrowing shown in this study is not negligible in climate change studies. Guidelines for site maintenance and metadata recoding were consequently proposed in terms of site openness.