bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant Chemotherapy Seemed Not to Have Survival Benefit in Rectal Cancer Patients with ypTis-2N0 After Preoperative Radiotherapy and Surgery from a Population-Based Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Hu Xiang , Li Ya-Qi , Li Qing-Guo , Ma Yan-Lei , Peng Jun-Jie , Cai San-Jun 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Adjuvant chemotherapy is currently offered routinely, as standard, after radical resection for patients with rectal cancer receiving neo-adjuvant chemoradiation. However, the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with ypTis-2N0M0 has not been documented to the same extent, and the survival benefit remained controversial. The purpose of this work was to determine the role of chemotherapy in patients with ypTis-2N0M0 classification.

Materials and Methods
Data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (n = 4,217). A propensity score model was utilized to balance baseline covariates.

Results
Of the 4,217 included patients, 335 with ypTis-2N0M0 did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. There were comparable cancer-specific survivals (CSS) between those undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy or not (log-rank test = 0.136, p = .712) in the overall sample. After propensity score matching, the cancer-specific survival did not differ between the chemotherapy and observation groups (log-rank test = 0.089, p = .765). Additionally, the Cox model did not demonstrate adjuvant chemotherapy as the prognostic factor, with hazard ratio = 0.95 (95% confidence interval 0.69–1.32) for CSS. Furthermore, the 10-year cumulative CSS was 78.7% and 79.4% between the chemotherapy and observation groups, indicating no significance, and no impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival was observed in different subgroups stratified by T stage, histological grade, histology, lymph nodes, and tumor size.

Conclusion
Patients with ypTis-2N0 rectal cancer did not benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy after preoperative radiology and radical surgery in this cohort study. These results provided new insight into the routine use of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with rectal cancer with completed neo-adjuvant radiotherapy and curative surgery.
Thesaurus Theoriis Circa Gravitatis et Cetera
Authors: Serpa Nilo 
Published: April 2018

<p><em>Thesaurus Theoriis Circa Gravitatis et Cetera</em> is a compilation subdivided into two chapters, containing the complete research developed during author's post-doctoral period at the Brazilian Center of Physics Research - CBPF, Rio de Janeiro (2016 - 2017). From the heated discussions that took place in a climate of intense knowledge exchange, additions were made to the original text, making it more translucent to the readers.</p><p>In the first chapter, the lecture notes related to the Summer Formative Activities -- 2017 were meant to compile the main ideas on gauge field theory and modern cosmology, showing the recent contributions of the author in these areas, especially in classical thermodynamics, supergravity and quantum gravity. Although the author has conducted the work without wishing to exhaust the issues in question, this synthesis provides some essential formal aspects for further studies, with relevant and updated references, as well as indications of classical readings. Special attention was given to author's application of Lyra's geometry, because of its growing importance in quantum cosmology, and to the so-called &lt;&lt;paleogravity&gt;&gt;, a model of supergravity developed by the author with the purpose to offer a classical representation for supergravity that could be made compatible with the quantum theory of spacetime also developed by himself. Also in general cosmology, the emphasis was on inhomogeneous models because of the debate that they open on the validity of the standard model. In this sense, the author presented his perturbative formalism of weak gravitational lensing by defining an inhomogeneous cosmological refractive index within a Lemaître-Tolman universe. Lastly, some remarks on Stephani cosmology were organized in order to expose the most significant features of this approach. During the reading, it shall be possible to observe some title marks indicating items of interest, as well as small side texts with outgivings of renowned authors.</p><p>In the second chapter, the author expanded the discussion about the quantization of spacetime, previously opened, deepening his phenomenological analysis at the surroundings of supermassive bodies with the aid of the formalism of Green's functions. This approach also opens the way for a broader and dialectical debate on quantum gravity and supergravity, seeking to rescue a physical discourse and not merely the math exercise which has been predominant in some research groups.</p><p>The author is immensely grateful to the colleagues and external participants for the contributions and affection with which he was received and from which a community of collaborative studies was formed on the most important topics in modern physics. Special thanks goes to our esteemed Professor Helayël, to whom the author directs his highest respects and wishes for a long and brilliant future.</p>
Health Care Utilization and Expenditures of Homeless Family Members Before and After Emergency Housing
Authors: Clark Robin E. , Weinreb Linda , Flahive Julie M. , Seifert Robert W. 
Published: April 2018

Objectives. To describe longitudinal health service utilization and expenditures for homeless family members before and after entering an emergency shelter. Methods. We linked Massachusetts emergency housing assistance data with Medicaid claims between July 2008 and June 2015, constructing episodes of health care 12 months before and 12 months after families entered a shelter. We modeled emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and expenditures over the 24-month period separately for children and adults. Results. Emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and expenditures rose steadily before shelter entry and declined gradually afterward, ending, in most cases, near the starting point. Infants, pregnant women, and individuals with depression, anxiety, or substance use disorder had significantly higher rates of all outcomes. Many children’s emergency department visits were potentially preventable. Conclusions. Increased service utilization and expenditures begin months before families become homeless and are potentially preventable with early intervention. Infants are at greater risk. Public Health Implications. Early identification and intervention to prevent homeless episodes, focusing on family members with behavioral health disorders, who are pregnant, or who have young children, may save money and improve family health.
Islamophobia, Health, and Public Health: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Samari Goleen , Alcalá Héctor E. , Sharif Mienah Zulfacar 
Published: April 2018

Background. In 2017, a “Muslim ban” on immigrants to the United States was coupled with a continued rise in Islamophobia and hate crimes toward Muslims. Islamophobia undermines health equity, yet delineating the effects of Islamophobia globally is challenging as it affects a myriad of groups (geographically, racially, and socially). Additionally, stereotypes equate all Muslims with populations from the Middle East and South Asia. To date, health research pays insufficient attention to Islamophobia, Muslims, and those racialized to be Muslim.Objectives. This literature review advances our understanding of racism and health by examining the racialization of religion, by specifically examining Islamophobia as a form of discrimination.Search Methods. Per PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a search in October 2017 using PubMed–MEDLINE and a combination of terms. We identified additional articles using other search engines. For inclusion, articles needed to include a descriptor of discrimination, contain an identifier of Muslim or Muslim-like identity (i.e., groups commonly perceived as Muslim, including Arabs, Middle Easterners, North Africans, and South Asians), include a health outcome, be in English, and be published between 1990 and 2017.Selection Criteria. We identified 111 unique peer-reviewed articles. We excluded articles that did not meet the following criteria: (1) examined Islamophobia, discrimination, or racism among a Muslim or Muslim-like population; (2) included a health outcome or discussion of health disparities; and (3) was conducted in North America, Europe, Australia, or New Zealand. This yielded 53 articles.Results. The majority of studies (n = 34; 64%) were quantitative. The remaining studies were qualitative (n = 7; 13%), mixed methods (n = 2; 4%), or reviews (n = 10; 19%). Most studies were based in the United States (n = 31; 58%). Nearly half of the reviewed studies examined mental health (n = 24; 45%), and one fourth examined physical health or health behaviors (n = 13; 25%). Others focused on both physical and mental health (n = 10; 19%) or health care seeking (n = 7; 13%). Studies showed associations between Islamophobia and poor mental health, suboptimal health behaviors, and unfavorable health care–seeking behaviors.Conclusions. This study elucidates the associations between Islamophobia, health, and socioecological determinants of health. Future studies should examine the intersectional nature of Islamophobia and include validated measures, representative samples, subgroup analyses, and comparison groups. More methodologically rigorous studies of Islamophobia and health are needed.Public Health Implications. Addressing the discrimination-related poor health that Muslims and racialized Muslim-like subgroups experience is central to the goals of health equity and assurance of the fundamental right to health.
Adjusting Suicide Rates in a Military Population: Methods to Determine the Appropriate Standard Population
Authors: Watkins Eren Youmans , Spiess Anita , Abdul-Rahman Ihsan , Hill Christopher , Gibson Nkechinyere , Nichols Jerrica , McLeod Vanessa , Johnson Latoya , Mitchell Trevor , Pecko Joseph Anton , Cox Kenneth 
Published: April 2018

The choice of the standard population is important when calculating adjusted rates for a military population: results can influence policies and funding allocations for programs and initiatives for suicide prevention.We describe the methodological considerations and decision-making process used in choosing a standard population for adjusting rates to compare suicide among US Army soldiers and the general US population. We examined 5 different standard populations, using the direct method to adjust annual suicide rates for the Army and the US population, 2004 to 2015, for age and for age and sex.The pattern of the Army and US population age- and sex-adjusted rates remained consistent with crude rates when adjusted to any of the Army standard population distributions. Using an Army distribution as the standard population produces suicide rates consistent with routine messaging about suicide trends among Army soldiers.
Restoration of External Rotation Following Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty without Latissimus Dorsi Transfer
Authors: Berglund Derek D. , Rosas Samuel , Triplet Jacob J. , Kurowicki Jennifer , Horn Brandon , Levy Jonathan C. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Latissimus dorsi transfers have been considered necessary to restore active external rotation following reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an RSA system that lateralizes the center of rotation in restoring active external rotation without a latissimus dorsi transfer in patients with a preoperative external rotation deficit (external rotation of <0°).

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who had undergone RSA with a lateralized center of rotation without a latissimus dorsi transfer. All patients had had a preoperative external rotation deficit (active external rotation of <0°), and all were followed for a minimum of 2 years. Patients were stratified into 2 groups on the basis of the preoperative diagnosis: (1) those with a combined loss of active elevation and external rotation as a result of rotator cuff tear arthropathy (CLEER group) and (2) those with a combined loss of active elevation and external rotation as a result of other posttraumatic etiologies (non-CLEER group). The mean improvement of external rotation was analyzed. Subgroup analysis was performed on the basis of the Goutallier classification, glenosphere lateralization, and total prosthetic lateralization.

Results:
Thirty-three patients (24 in the CLEER group and 9 in the non-CLEER group) met the inclusion criteria. The average follow-up was 43.4 months (range, 24 to 77 months). External rotation improved significantly in both the CLEER group (from −21° preoperatively to 28° postoperatively; p < 0.001) and the non-CLEER group (from −19° preoperatively to 26° postoperatively; p = 0.001). Goutallier classification, glenosphere lateralization, and total prosthetic lateralization were not correlated with the degree of improvement of external rotation in either group (p > 0.05 for all).

Conclusions:
RSA with a lateralized center of rotation can effectively restore external rotation without the use of a latissimus dorsi transfer in patients with a preoperative external rotation deficit as a result of rotator cuff arthropathy or other posttraumatic etiologies.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Weed Species Richness and Density following Repeated Use of Glyphosate in Four Fields in North Carolina
Authors: Jordan David L. , York Alan C. 
Published: April 2018

Core Ideas
Long‐term use of glyphosate can reduce weed species richness.
Long‐term use of glyphosate can select for resistant biotypes.
Impact of continuous use of glyphosate depends on weed species.
Comparing Methods for Measuring Water Retention of Peat Near Permanent Wilting Point
Authors: Bechtold Michel , Dettmann Ullrich , Wöhl Lena , Durner Wolfgang , Piayda Arndt , Tiemeyer Bärbel 
Published: April 2018

Core Ideas
Properties of peat and mineral soils are very different.
Laboratory methods for hydraulic properties often tested only for mineral soils.
Shrinkage and hydrophobicity of peat may cause inaccuracies.
Pressure plate apparatus provides reliable data despite shrinkage.
Observed long‐lasting repellency effects prohibit protocols based on previously dried samples.
Peat soils shrink and become very hydrophobic when dried. Both properties may cause inaccuracies when applying laboratory methods for soil hydraulic properties that have been developed and tested for mineral soils. This study aimed to compare different methods for the determination of the water retention of peat soils near permanent wilting point (pF 3.5 to 4.2). Three common methods were tested: two pressure apparatus (ceramic plate [Soilmoisture] vs. membrane [Eijkelkamp]) and a dew‐point potentiameter (WP4C, Decagon Devices, Inc.), which is based on the equilibrium of soil water potential with air humidity. We used both field‐moist peat samples and samples that had been rewetted after oven‐drying. We found that there was no systematic difference between the two pressure apparatus. Low moisture variability among replicates and dew‐point potentiameter measurements that indicated a drainage to pF 4.2 support the use of pressure apparatus for the determination of water retention near permanent wilting point. Despite a rewetting time of 2 wk including periodic mixing, rewetted oven‐dried samples showed lower soil moistures at pF 3.5 and 4.2 than field‐moist ones. This severe and long‐lasting hysteresis effect was strongest for less decomposed peat samples. Thus, field‐moist samples should be used. This makes the classical dew‐point potentiameter measurement protocol, which is based on defined water additions to oven‐dried samples, unsuitable for peat samples.
Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics beneath Impervious Surfaces
Authors: Majidzadeh Hamed , Lockaby B. Graeme , Price Robert , Governo Robin 
Published: April 2018

Core Ideas
Carbon loss from soil beneath impervious surfaces would not exceed 1.92 Pg globally.
Net nitrogen mineralization rates beneath impervious surfaces were primarily related to nitrification.
Temporally, nitrate accumulation was evident beneath impervious surfaces.
Soil microbial biomass carbon was the key factor affecting soil carbon beneath the concrete slabs.
Soil carbon beneath homes was positively related to soil volumetric water content.
Soil sealing by impervious surfaces is a major disturbance caused by urbanization and has been shown to reduce soil carbon and nitrogen significantly. However, the degree to which these changes are driven by the initial disturbance (i.e., top soil removal) or post‐construction processes is not clear. A controlled field study consisting of three treatments including concrete slab (SLB), home with crawl space (CRW), and control (CNT) was conducted to monitor changes in soil properties immediately after sealing and over a 15‐mo time frame. At depth 10 to 20 cm (first layer beneath the concrete slab) soil carbon decreased by 30.4% (±3.4%) from 2.3 (±0.4) kg m–2 at Month 0 to 1.57 (±0.36) kg m–2 at the end of experiment with a rate of 0.04 (±0.01) kg m–2 per month (p = 0.001, F1,7 = 9.27). At this depth soil, carbon and nitrogen fluctuated seasonally at CRW and CNT plots. At depth 20 to 30 cm, the soil carbon beneath the CRW (1.14 ± 0.21 kg m–2) was higher than that beneath the SLB (0.93 ± 0.23 kg m–2, p = 0.01, F2,23 = 5.26), suggesting that partially permeable impervious surfaces such as CRW can support limited inputs of carbon and organic matter. In addition to carbon and nitrogen, temporal changes of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen mineralization rates were also monitored. Nitrogen mineralization rates also decreased below impervious surfaces as evidenced by zero net ammonium production rate. However, a significant increase in mineralization rates was observed in warm periods of the year beneath SLB treatments.
The origin and risks associated with loose deposits in a drinking water distribution system
Authors: Mussared Amanda , Fabris Rolando , Vreeburg Jan , Jelbart Jenny , Drikas Mary 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Sediment accumulates in distribution systems over time, and can potentially result in dirty water events. The primary origin of these particles in most networks has not been examined. Controlled sediment resuspension (flushing) events were performed at 10 sites in a drinking water distribution system and repeated six months later to observe redeposition. Different patterns of sediment deposition observed are suspected to be related to particle origin. A large proportion of pipe sediment resuspended during the first flushing event was composed of iron, most likely arising from corrosion of distribution system infrastructure. This sediment appears to play a role in sheltering microbial cells from secondary disinfection. In this study, a source of particles was identified that may provide an alternate explanation for the presence of iron deposits in systems not dominated by iron pipework.
Functional Neuroimaging Biomarkers in Migraine: Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Russo Antonio , Silvestro Marcello , Tessitore Alessandro , Tedeschi Gioacchino 
Published: April 2018

Background:
In current migraine clinical practice, conventional neuroimaging examinations
are often sought to exclude possible causes of secondary headaches or migraineassociated
disorders. Contrariwise, although advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
has improved tremendously our understanding of human brain processes in migraine patients,
to the state of the art they have not superseded the conventional neuroimaging techniques in
the migraine clinical setting.

Methods:
A comprehensive review was conducted of PubMed citations by entering the
keyword “marker” and/or “biomarker” combined with “migraine” and/or “headache”. Other
keywords included “imaging” or “neuroimaging”, “structural” or “functional”. The only restriction
was English-language publication. The abstracts of all articles meeting these criteria
were reviewed, and the full text was retrieved and examined for relevant references.

Results:
Several authors tried to identify imaging biomarkers able to identify different migraine
phenotypes or, even better, to follow-up the same migraine patients during the course
of the disease, to predict the evolution into more severe phenotypes and, finally, the response
to specific treatment.

Conclusion:
The identification of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic advanced neuroimaging
biomarkers in the migraine clinical setting, in order to approach to patients in a more
and more rational and “tailored” way, is extremely intriguing and futuristic. Unfortunately,
reliable and robust neuroimaging biomarkers are still lacking for migraine, probably due to
both not completely understood pathogenesis and clinical and neuroimaging heterogeneity.
Although further longitudinal advanced neuroimaging studies, aimed to identify effective
neuroimaging biomarkers, are needed, this review aims to collect the main and most recent
works on this topic.
The Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Lipid Profiles Among Patients with Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Sharifi Nasrin , Tabrizi Reza , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Mirhosseini Naghmeh , Lankarani Kamran B. , Akbari Maryam , Chamani Maryam , Kolahdooz Fariba , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: April 2018

Background and objective: Oxidative stress and inflammation are key parameters in developing metabolic
disorders. Hence, antioxidant intake might be an appropriate approach. Several studies have evaluated the
effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on lipid profile among patients with metabolic diseases,
though findings are controversial. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the
effects of CoQ10 supplementation on lipid profile in patients with metabolic disorders.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases until July 2017.
Prospective clinical trials were selected assessing the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on different biomarkers.
Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of studies, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias of
included studies. A fixed- or random-effects model was used to pool the data, which expressed as a standardized
mean difference with 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity was measured using a Q-test and with I2 statistics.

Results:
A total of twenty-one controlled trials (514 patients and 525 controls) were included. The meta-analysis
indicated a significant reduction in serum triglycerides levels (SMD -0.28; 95% CI, -0.56, -0.005). CoQ10 supplementation
also decreased total-cholesterol (SMD -0.07; 95% CI, -0.45, 0.31), increased LDL- (SMD 0.04;
95% CI, -0.27, 0.36), and HDL-cholesterol levels (SMD 0.10; 95% CI, -0.32, 0.51), not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
CoQ10 supplementation may significantly reduce serum triglycerides levels, and help to improve
lipid profiles in patients with metabolic disorders. Additional prospective studies are recommended using higher
supplementation doses and longer intervention period.