bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Expiratory Muscle Strength Training on Swallowing and Cough Functions in Patients With Neurological Diseases
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Wang Zhi , Fang Qi , Li Huiling , Zhang Lulu , Liu Xueyun 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this review was to evaluate and summarize the results of published studies exploring the effects of expiratory muscle strength training on swallowing and cough functions in patients with neurological diseases.

Data Sources
The study used Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library as data sources.

Review Methods
Randomized controlled trials or pretest/posttest studies of adults with neurological diseases were included. The data included basic population characteristics, penetration-aspiration scores, peak expiratory flow rate, cough volume acceleration, and maximum expiratory pressure.

Results
Ten studies were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with the control groups, expiratory muscle strength training in patients with neurological diseases significantly reduced the penetration-aspiration scores (risk ratio = −0.94, 95% confidence interval = 1.27 to −0.61, P < 0.01) but did not increase the voluntary cough peak expiratory flow rate (risk ratio = 0.57, 95% confidence interval = 0.62 to 1.77, P = 0.35), cough volume acceleration (risk ratio = 33.87, 95% confidence interval = 57.11 to 124.85, P = 0.47), or maximum expiratory pressure (risk ratio = 14.78, 95% confidence interval = 16.98 to 46.54, P = 0.36).

Conclusions
Expiratory muscle strength training might improve swallowing function in patients with neurological diseases. However, conclusive evidence supporting the use of this approach in isolation for improving cough function is unavailable. Additional multicenter, randomized clinical trials performed using reliable and valid cough function outcome measures are required to explore the effects of expiratory muscle strength training on cough function.
The Probable Reasons for Dorsal Hump Problems following Let-Down/Push-Down Rhinoplasty and Solution Proposals
Authors: Tuncel Umut , Aydogdu Oguzhan 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Nasal hump relapse and its probable reasons or mechanisms have been less discussed after dorsal preservation rhinoplasty. In this article, the authors would like to share their experiences and offer solutions regarding this subject.

Methods:
Five hundred twenty patients who underwent primary rhinoplasty between the years 2015 and 2017 were included in the study. The push-down method was used for noses with a hump less than 4 mm and the let-down procedure was performed for others. Hump height was measured from profile photographs. The cases were evaluated in terms of nasal dorsal problems and their probable mechanisms.

Results:
Five hundred twenty patients, 448 with a straight nose and 72 with a deviated nose, were enrolled in this study. Mean follow-up was 13 months (range, 9 to 16 months). Visible dorsal hump recurrence was observed in 63 patients, and they appeared at 1 to 4 months postoperatively. Forty-one of these had a dorsal hump more than 4 mm preoperatively. Hump recurrence was not more than 2 mm in 34 patients, and they did not wish to have any revision intervention because of cosmetic satisfaction. In 11 cases, the height of the hump recurrence was 2 to 3 mm. These patients were treated with only minimal rasping. The remaining 18 patients had a hump recurrence with a height of 3 to 4 mm. They underwent secondary surgery using let-down rhinoplasty.

Conclusion:
The authors recommend subperichondrial/subperiosteal dissection, subdorsal excision of cartilaginous and bony septum, scoring the resting upper part of the septum just below the keystone area, and performing lateral keystone dissection and preferring let-down procedure for kyphotic noses to prevent hump relapse after dorsal preservation rhinoplasty.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Bioinspired self-healing, superliquiphobic and self-cleaning hydrogel-coated surfaces with high durability
Authors: Multanen Victor , Bhushan Bharat 
Published: June 2019

Bioinspired self-healing materials are being developed with intrinsic or extrinsic mechanisms. Some materials heal by an external stimulus, such as heat, UV light, pH, electric field and humidity. Hydrogels are among the commonly used materials, which can self-heal by application of an external stimulus. In this study, a self-healing polyacrylamide hydrogel was selected which is known to swell when exposed to water and heal. Silica nanoparticles were added to the hydrogel and a fluorosilane overcoat was used to produce a superliquiphobic surface with a low tilt angle and self-cleaning properties. A fused titania coating on the glass substrate was used to promote adhesion to hydrogel coatings. Hydrogel-based coatings exhibited the ability to repel water and oil, anti-icing properties down to −60°C, self-cleaning, the ability to maintain superliquiphobicity in hot environments up to about 95°C and high wear resistance. The hydrogel-based coating also demonstrated self-healing capability after hydration of a scratched surface.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology (part 2)’.
Water droplet dynamics on bioinspired conical surfaces
Authors: Schriner Charles T. , Bhushan Bharat 
Published: June 2019

Cacti use the Laplace pressure gradient due to conical geometry as a mechanism for collecting water from fog. Bioinspired surfaces using conical geometry can be developed for water collection from fog for human consumption. A systematic study is presented which investigates the dynamics of water droplets on a bioinspired conical surface. A series of experiments was conducted where a known volume of droplets was deposited on the cone. This was followed by an investigation into droplet dynamics where the droplets are deposited from fog and the volume is unknown. This includes a study on the macroscopic level as well as the microscopic level. The main parameters that were varied for these tests were the tip angle and the cone orientation. The droplet movement observed was compared relatively. Based on captured videos of droplet movement, distance travelled and velocities were measured. The Laplace pressure gradient, gravity and droplet coalescence were found to be the mechanisms of droplet movement on a conical surface. The findings of this study should be of interest in designing bioinspired surfaces with high water collection.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology (part 2)’.
A versatile microfluidic device for highly inclined thin illumination microscopy in the mossPhyscomitrella patens
Authors: Elena Kozgunova , Goshima Gohta 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHigh-resolution microscopy is a valuable tool to study cellular processes, such as signalling, membrane trafficking, or cytoskeleton remodelling. Several techniques of inclined illumination microscopy allow imaging at near single molecular level; however, the application of these methods to plant cells is limited, due to thick cell walls and necessity to excise a part of the tissue for sample preparation. In this study, we developed simple, easy-to-use microfluidic device for highly inclined and laminated optical sheet (HILO) microscopy using a model plantPhyscomitrella patens. We demonstrated that microfluidic device can be used to culture living cells and enables high-resolution HILO imaging of microtubules without perturbing their dynamics. In addition, our microdevice enables the supply and robust washout of compounds during HILO microscopy imaging, for example to perform microtubule regrowth assay. Furthermore, we tested long-term (48 h) HILO imaging using a microdevice and visualised the developmental changes in the microtubule dynamics during tissue regeneration. The microfluidic device designed in this study provides a novel tool to conduct long-term HILO microscopy and washout assays using plant cells.
Morphology does not covary with predicted behavioural correlations of the domestication syndrome in dogs
Authors: Wheat Christina Hansen , van der Bijl Wouter , Wheat Christopher West 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDomesticated animals display suites of altered morphological, behavioural and physiological traits compared to their wild ancestors, a phenomenon known as the domestication syndrome (DS). Because these alterations are observed to co-occur across a wide range of present day domesticates, the traits within the DS are assumed to covary within species and a single developmental mechanism has been hypothesized to cause the observed co-occurrence. However, due to the lack of formal testing it is currently not well-resolved if the traits within DS actually covary. Here we test the hypothesis that the presence of the classic morphological domestication traits white pigmentation, floppy ears and curly tails predict the strength of behavioural correlations in support of the DS in 78 dog breeds. Contrary to the expectations of covariation among DS traits, we found that morphological traits did not covary among themselves, nor did they predict the strength of behavioural correlations among dog breeds. Further, the number of morphological traits in a breed did not predict the strength of behavioural correlations. Our results thus contrast with the hypothesis that the DS arises due to a shared underlying mechanism, but more importantly, questions if the morphological traits embedded in the DS are actual domestication traits or post-domestication improvement traits. For dogs, it seems highly likely that strong selection for breed specific morphological traits only happened recently in relation to breed formation. Present day dogs therefore have limited bearing of the initial selection pressures applied during domestication and we should reevaluate our expectations of the DS accordingly.
Largely distinct networks mediate perceptually-relevant auditory and visual speech representations
Authors: Keitel Anne , Gross Joachim , Kayser Christoph 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVisual speech is an integral part of communication, but it remains unclear whether information carried by lip movements is represented in the same brain regions that mediate acoustic speech comprehension. Our ability to understand acoustic speech seems independent from that to understand visual speech, yet neuroimaging studies suggest that the neural representations largely overlap. Addressing this discrepancy, we tested where the brain represents acoustically and visually conveyed word identities in a full-brain MEG study. Our analyses dissociate cerebral representations that merely reflect the physical stimulus from those that also predict comprehension, and suggest that these overlap only in specific temporal and frontal regions. Moreover, representations predictive of auditory and visual comprehension converge only in angular and inferior frontal regions. These results provide a neural explanation for the behavioural dissociation of acoustic and visual speech comprehension and suggest that cerebral representations encoding word identities may be more modality-specific than often upheld.
MetaPhat: Detecting and decomposing multivariate associations from univariate genome-wide association statistics
Authors: Lin Jake , Tabassum Rubina , Ripatti Samuli , Pirinen Matti 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundMultivariate testing tools that integrate multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become important as the number of phenotypes gathered from study cohorts and biobanks has increased. While these tools have been shown to boost statistical power considerably over univariate tests, an important remaining challenge is to interpret which traits are driving the multivariate association and which traits are just passengers with minor contributions to the genotype-phenotypes association statistic.ResultsWe introduce MetaPhat, a novel bioinformatics tool to conduct GWAS of multivariate and correlated traits using univariate summary results and to decompose multivariate associations into sets of central traits based on intuitive trace plots that visualize Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and P-value statistics of multivariate association models. We validate MetaPhat with Global Lipids Genetics Consortium GWAS results, and we apply MetaPhat to univariate GWAS results for 21 heritable and correlated polyunsaturated lipid species from 2,045 Finnish samples, detecting 7 independent loci associated with a cluster of lipid species. In most cases, we are able to decompose these multivariate associations to only 3-5 central traits out of all 21 traits included in the analyses. We release MetaPhat as an open source tool written in Python with built-in support for multi-processing, quality control, clumping and intuitive visualizations using the R software.ConclusionsMetaPhat efficiently decomposes associations between multivariate phenotypes and genetic variants into smaller sets of central traits and improves the interpretation and specificity of genome-phenome associations.MetaPhat is available under the MIT license at: https://sourceforge.net/projects/meta-pheno-association-tracer
Untapped microbial composition along a horizontal oxygen gradient in a Costa Rican volcanic influenced acid rock drainage system
Authors: Arce-Rodríguez Alejandro , Puente-Sánchez Fernando , Avendaño Roberto , Libby Eduardo , Mora-Amador Raúl , Rojas-Jimenez Keilor , Pieper Dietmar H. , Chavarría Max 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBased on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, here we report the shift in the microbial community structure along a horizontal oxygen gradient (0.40-6.06 mg L−1) in a volcanic influenced acid rock drainage (VARD) environment, known as San Cayetano (Cartago, Costa Rica; pH =2.94-3.06, sulfate ~0.87-1.19 g L−1, iron ~35-61 mg L−1). This VARD is dominated by microorganisms involved in the geochemical cycling of iron, sulfur and nitrogen; however, the identity of the species changes with the oxygen gradient along the river course. The anoxic spring of San Cayetano is dominated by a putative anaerobic sulfate-reducing Deltaproteobacterium as well as sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (such asAcidithiobacillusorSulfobacillus), which favor the process of dissolution of sulfide minerals and oxidation of H2S. In oxic conditions, aerobic iron-oxidizers (Leptospirillum, Acidithrix, Ferritrophicum, Ferrovum) and heterotrophic bacteria (Burkholderiaceae Betaproteobacterium,Trichococcus, Acidocella) were identified among others. Thermoplasmatales archaea closely related to environmental phylotypes found in other ARD/AMD niches were also found throughout the entire ecosystem. This work describes the changes in bacterial diversity, and possible metabolic activities occurring along a horizontal oxygen gradient in a volcanic influenced acid rock drainage system.
Neurally-constrained modeling of human gaze strategies in a change blindness task
Authors: Jagatap Akshay , Jain Hritik , Purokayastha Simran , Sridharan Devarajan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVisual attention enables us to engage selectively with the most important events in the world around us. Yet, sometimes, we fail to notice salient events. “Change blindness” – the surprising inability to detect and identify salient changes that occur in flashing visual images – enables measuring such failures in a laboratory setting. We discovered that human participants (n=39) varied widely (by two-fold) in their ability to detect changes when tested on a laboratory change blindness task. To understand the reasons for these differences in change detection abilities, we characterized eye-movement patterns and gaze strategies as participants scanned these images. Surprisingly, we found no systematic differences between scan paths, fixation maps or saccade patterns between participants who were successful at detecting changes, versus those who were not. Yet, two low-level gaze metrics – the mean fixation duration and the variance of saccade amplitudes – systematically predicted change detection success. To explain the mechanism by which these gaze metrics could influence performance, we developed a neurally constrained model, based on the Bayesian framework of sequential probability ratio testing (SPRT), which simulated gaze strategies of successful and unsuccessful observers. The model’s ability to detect changes varied systematically with mean fixation duration and saccade amplitude variance, closely mimicking observations in the human data. Moreover, the model’s success rates correlated robustly with human observers’ success rates, across images. Our model explains putative human attention mechanisms during change blindness tasks and provides key insights into effective strategies for shifting gaze and attention for artificial agents navigating dynamic, crowded environments.Author SummaryOur brain has the remarkable capacity to pay attention, selectively, to the most important events in the world around us. Yet, sometimes, we fail spectacularly to notice even the most salient events. We tested this phenomenon in the laboratory with a change-blindness experiment, by having participants freely scan and detect changes across discontinuous image pairs. Participants varied widely in their ability to detect these changes. Surprisingly, their success correlated with differences in low-level gaze metrics. A Bayesian model of eye movements, which incorporated neural constraints on stimulus encoding, could explain the reason for these differences, and closely mimicked human performance in this change blindness task. The model’s gaze strategies provide relevant insights for artificial, neuromorphic agents navigating dynamic, crowded environments.
In-field detection and quantification of Septoria tritici blotch in diverse wheat germplasm using spectral-temporal features
Authors: Anderegg Jonas , Hund Andreas , Karisto Petteri , Mikaberidze Alexey 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHyperspectral remote sensing holds the potential to detect and quantify crop diseases in a rapid and non-invasive manner. Such tools could greatly benefit resistance breeding, but their adoption is hampered by i) a lack of specificity to disease-related effects and ii) insufficient robustness to variation in reflectance caused by genotypic diversity and varying environmental conditions, which are fundamental elements of resistance breeding.We hypothesized that relying exclusively on temporal changes in canopy reflectance during pathogenesis may allow to specifically detect and quantify crop diseases whilst minimizing the confounding effects of genotype and environment. To test this hypothesis, we collected time-resolved canopy hyperspectral reflectance data for 18 diverse genotypes on infected and disease-free plots and engineered spectral-temporal features representing this hypothesis.Our results confirm the lack of specificity and robustness of disease assessments based on reflectance spectra at individual time points. We show that changes in spectral reflectance over time are indicative of the presence and severity of septoria tritici blotch (STB) infections. Furthermore, the proposed time-integrated approach facilitated the delineation of disease from physiological senescence, which is pivotal for efficient selection of STB-resistant material under field conditions. A validation of models based on spectral-temporal features on a diverse panel of >300 wheat genotypes offered evidence for the robustness of the proposed method. This study demonstrates the potential of time-resolved canopy reflectance measurements for robust assessments of foliar diseases in the context of resistance breeding.
α-Actinin-1 promotes activity of the L-type Ca2+Channel CaV1.2
Authors: Turner Matthew , Anderson David E. , Nieves-Cintron Madeline , Bartels Peter , Coleman Andrea M. , Henderson Peter B. , Man Kwun Nok Mimi , Yarov-Yarovoy Vladimir , Bers Donald M. , Navedo Manuel F. , Horne Mary C. , Ames James B. , Hell Johannes W. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe L-type Ca2+channel CaV1.2 governs gene expression, cardiac contraction, and neuronal activity. Binding of α-actinin to the IQ motif of CaV1.2 supports its surface localization and postsynaptic targeting in neurons. We report a bi-functional mechanism that restricts CaV1.2 activity to its target sites. We solved separate NMR structures of the IQ motif (residues 1646-1664) bound to α-actinin-1 and to apo-calmodulin (apoCaM). The CaV1.2 K1647A and Y1649A mutations, which impair α-actinin-1 but not apoCaM binding, but not the F1658A and K1662E mutations, which impair apoCaM but not α-actinin-1 binding, decreased single channel open probability, gating charge movement, and its coupling to channel opening. Thus, α-actinin recruits CaV1.2 to defined surface regions and simultaneously boosts its open probability so that CaV1.2 is mostly active when appropriately localized.
Role of enhanced glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity in inflammation in PTSD: Insights from a computational model for circadian-neuroendocrine-immune interactions
Authors: Somvanshi Pramod R. , Mellon Synthia H. , Yehuda Rachel , Flory Janine D. , Bierer Linda , Makotkine Iouri , Marmar Charles , Jett Marti , Doyle Francis J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough glucocorticoid resistance contributes to increased inflammation, individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit increased glucocorticoid receptor (GR) sensitivity along with increased inflammation. It is not clear how inflammation co-exists with a hyper-responsive hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA axis). To understand this better, we developed and analyzed an integrated mathematical model for the HPA axis and the immune system. We performed mathematical simulations for a dexamethasone suppression test and IC50-dexamethasone for cytokine suppression, by varying model parameters. The model analysis suggests that increasing the steepness of the dose response curve for GR activity may reduce anti-inflammatory effects of GRs at the ambient glucocorticoid levels thereby increasing pro-inflammatory response. The adaptive response of pro-inflammatory cytokine mediated stimulatory effects on the HPA-axis is reduced due to dominance of the GR-mediated negative feedback on the HPA-axis. To verify these hypotheses we analyzed the clinical data on neuro-endocrine variables and cytokines obtained from war-zone veterans with and without PTSD. We observed significant group differences for cortisol and ACTH suppression tests, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL6, hs-CRP, promoter methylation of GR gene and IC50-Dex for lysozyme suppression. Causal inference modelling revealed significant associations between cortisol suppression and post-dex cortisol decline, promoter methylation of NR3C1-1F, IC50-Dex and pro-inflammatory cytokines. We noted significant mediation effects of NR3C1-1F promoter methylation on inflammatory cytokines through changes in GR sensitivity. Our findings suggest that increased GR sensitivity may contribute to increased inflammation, therefore, interventions to restore GR sensitivity may normalize inflammation in PTSD.