bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mixed displacement method to avoid shear locking in problems in elasticity
Authors: Vinod Kumar Mitruka Tarun Kumar Mitruka , Bischoff Manfred 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe mixed displacement (MD) method was initially developed to mitigate geometrical locking effects in beams, plates, and shells with the intention of having intrinsically locking‐free characteristics while using equal‐order interpolation for all degrees of freedom. In other words, it is an unlocking scheme that works independent of the element shape, polynomial order, and discretization scheme. It includes additional degrees of freedom that adhere to a carefully designed differential relation that can be interpreted as a kinematic law, incorporated in a mixed sense. Certain constraints are to be enforced on these additional degrees of freedom to obtain a well‐posed system of equations. In this work, the MD method is extended for problems in solid mechanics. We present the underlying variational formulation, followed by its application to 2D solid elements. Additionally, we showcase an idea to enforce the additional constraints in a general sense. Various numerical examples, within the framework of the finite element method and isogeometric analysis, are outlined to demonstrate the performance of the MD method in the geometrically linear and geometrically nonlinear cases.
Utilizing physics‐augmented neural networks to predict the material behavior according to Yeoh's law
Authors: Maurer Lukas , Eisenträger Sascha , Kalina Karl , Juhre Daniel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article discusses physics‐augmented neural network approaches in the field of hyperelastic material modeling. Physical conditions such as objectivity, material symmetry, or a stress– and energy‐free reference configuration are considered in the construction of the neural networks. In addition, a new approach for stress normalization is proposed. The neural network is used to learn the behavior of Yeoh's constitutive model with sparse data. Finally, the trained networks are incorporated into a three‐dimensional finite element framework and compared with the classical material model in terms of accuracy. The paper demonstrates the ability of physics‐augmented neural networks to model hyperelastic materials using a small amount of data that could be generated by experiments. Compared to the classical constitutive laws of Yeoh's model, our trained material showed no material instabilities that could occur due to poorly chosen material parameters.
Compatibilization of Post‐Consumer Recycled Polypropylene/Polyethylene Binary Blends
Authors: Tal Adir , Naveh Naum 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis work investigates the compatibilization of post‐consumer recycled binary blends of polypropylene/polyethylene (PP/PE), with either high‐density PE (HDPE) or linear low‐density PE (LLDPE). Ethylene‐octene elastomer copolymers from the olefin block copolymers (OBC) family, Dow's INFUSE 9107 and INFUSE 9507, were used as compatibilizers at 4, 6, and 8 wt%. Two different recycled PP/PE blends were used: a 50/50 by weight PP/HDPE white blend (0 W), and a black blend (0B) comprising 85/15 PP/LLDPE by weight. The mechanical properties, thermal properties, and morphology of these injection‐moldable blends indicate that compatibilization took place. Elongation at break and tensile impact strength increased with compatibilizer content, especially with INFUSE 9107. For instance, the impact strength of 0 W increased almost three‐fold with 8 wt% OBC, while that of 0B was doubled with 6 wt% OBC. The tensile strain at break increased up to six‐fold with 8 wt% OBC, reaching 360% and 180% for the white and black blends, respectively. Elastic Moduli decrease to some extent, but remain within the range of applicability of PP‐based compounds. The melt flow index (MFI) values, above 20 g/10 min for 0 W and 7–8 g/10 min for 0B, allow for injection molding of these blends. Moreover, a two‐phased morphology became less apparent, the improved compatibility being driven by the lower interfacial surface energy of the blend and more efficient stress transfer between the phases. INFUSE 9107 achieved better impact strength and elongation results, mainly in the white blends, and this is explained by the better compatibility, its localization at the interface, and the lower crystallinity of the compatibilized blend.
Socioeconomic Factors Associated With Participation in Postmortem Tissue Donation in Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumors
Authors: Kabat Judith M. , Boland Lauren K. , Williams Melissa , Michelson Ian , Lenzen Alicia , Plant‐Fox Ashley S. , Wadhwani Nitin , Waanders Angela J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe gift of postmortem tissue donation is critical to pediatric central nervous system (CNS) research. As a “Center of Excellence” for the Gift from a Child Program, our institution has a well‐established postmortem tissue donation program. Our objective was to determine if differences exist between patients who participated in and those that declined research‐based autopsy.ProcedureWe performed a single‐institution retrospective chart review of pediatric patients with CNS malignancies who died from their disease between January 1, 2021 and December 31, 2022. Individual clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic data were assessed. Population‐level data were estimated using Zip Code Tabulation Areas. Descriptive statistics were used to compare categorical data.ResultsAmong the 23 patient families approached during the study time frame, 8/23 (35%) consented to participation. In the consented (C) versus declined (D) group, there was a higher percentage of White, non‐Hispanic/Latino patients by self‐reported race (C: 88% vs. D: 55%), and no patients who identified as Asian or Hispanic/Latino (C: 0% and 0% vs. D: 13% and 27%). Of all patients approached, two required interpreters (9%), and both families declined participation. The rate of private insurance was higher in the consented group (C: 75% vs. D: 47%) compared to Medicaid as primary insurance in the declined group (C: 13% vs. D: 53%). ConclusionsFuture research should aim to understand and improve identified disparities to ensure research advancements benefit all children with CNS malignancies. One area we plan to address is improved communication with non‐English‐speaking families by partnering with our interpreter services.
Improvement of mechanical performance via interfacial strengthening of carbon fiber‐epoxy reinforced hybrid laminate by incorporation of functionalized graphene nanoplatelet interphase
Authors: Bilgi Cahit , Pektürk Hatice Yakut , Demir Bilge 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study is an attempt to develop high‐quality hybrid composites via functionalization (for homogeneous distribution) of the graphene nanoplatelets (FGNP) and then doping to carbon fiber reinforced especial aviation epoxy matrix (Araldite LY5052) via vacuum bagging molding (VBM). The utilized materials were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, tensile, impact, hardness tests, and fracture mode analysis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results revealed a 92% (502.5 MPa) and 85% (490 MPa) improvement in tensile strength values by doping the 1 and 1.5 wt% FGNPs, respectively. There was an improvement in impact strength with the addition of FGNP; a 28% (3.23 J/mm2) increase was achieved in the nanocomposite with 1 wt% FGNP added, and there was a decrease again in the nanocomposite with 1.5 wt% FGNP added. However, it was still 12% (2.83 J/mm2) better than the neat composite. In addition, the results of examining the fractured surface structures of the impact and tensile test specimens were compatible with these results. It reveals a significant separation of fiber‐matrix bonds with 1.5 wt% FGNP contribution. While tensile and impact strengths peak at 1 wt% FGNP value and decrease afterward, hardness values increase in parallel with the increase in FGNPs.Highlights
Composites were developed by functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (FGNP).
The fiber‐matrix interface was strengthened with FGNP interphase.
A 92% tensile strength increase was achieved with 1 wt% FGNP additives.
28% in impact strength and 55% in hardness increase by 1 wt% FGNP.
The morphology confirmed that the FGNP interphase filled the interface.
Effectiveness of the Additional Risk Minimisation Measures for Valproate Among Healthcare Professionals and Patients: A Cross‐Sectional Survey in Six European Countries
Authors: Colas Sandrine , Nishikawa Tiffany , Dresco Isabelle , Kaplan Sigal , Marinier Karine , Lachacinski Aude , Kürzinger Marie‐Laure , Toussi Massoud 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeTo assess the impact of the 2018 European additional risk minimisation measures (aRMMs) regarding the use of valproate in women of childbearing potential (WCBP) and during pregnancy.MethodsA cross‐sectional, non‐interventional survey conducted in six European countries among 1982 healthcare professionals (HCPs) (July–October 2020) and 779 WCBP treated with valproate for epilepsy, bipolar disorder or other indications (August 2020–February 2021). HCPs were prescribing physicians (neurologists, psychiatrists, paediatricians and GPs), gynaecologists and pharmacists. Prespecified criteria were defined for success in the dimensions of awareness, knowledge and behaviour (correct answers to ≥ 80% of questions at individual level) and overall success (≥ 90%/80% successful HCPs/patients respectively, in the behaviour dimension and one of the two other dimensions).ResultsHCPs and patients did not meet the success criteria either overall or in any dimension. Highest success rates were in the behaviour dimension for gynaecologists (71.7%), pharmacists (49.7%) and patients (51.2%), and in the awareness dimension for prescribing physicians (23.6%). HCPs reported being unfamiliar with some educational materials and lacked knowledge of detailed prescribing conditions for valproate and the need for contraception regardless of sexual activity. More than 50% of patients were aware of the relevant patient materials and knew about the teratogenic risks of valproate.ConclusionSelf‐reported levels of awareness, knowledge and behaviour varied considerably by HCP type and among patient respondents. Further investigation is needed into why certain measures of the pregnancy prevention programme are not well known and followed, to improve their effectiveness. This will be addressed in a qualitative study which will be based on interviews with HCPs and patients.
Development and Validation of Claims‐Based Algorithms for Conjunctivitis and Keratitis
Authors: Chomistek Andrea K. , Franklin Jessica M. , Sobel Rachel E. , Marcus Andrea F. , Sinnott Sarah‐Jo , Ezzy Stephen M. , Gately Robert V. , Green Jeannette , Howell Ashley , Sultan Ihtisham , Akpek Esen K. , Wang Florence T. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundOcular surface disorders have been reported among patients with various medical conditions, including atopic dermatitis (AD). Nonetheless, validated algorithms to identify conjunctivitis and keratitis in claims data are lacking.ObjectiveDevelop validated, claims‐based algorithms for conjunctivitis and keratitis among patients with AD using medical records.MethodsPatients with AD were identified in a claims database between March 2017 and November 2019. Among these patients, candidate algorithms were developed that included diagnosis codes for conjunctivitis or keratitis, alone and in combination with ophthalmic treatments. Among patients who met ≥ 1 candidate algorithms, a subset was randomly selected for medical record review. Additionally, records from a random sample of patients with AD were reviewed to assess sensitivity. Overall, 341 records were sought and 262 adjudicated by an expert ophthalmologist. The positive predictive value (PPV) of each algorithm was calculated and compared to a pre‐specified threshold of ≥ 70%.ResultsFor conjunctivitis, the final algorithm was ≥ 1 conjunctivitis diagnosis (PPV = 81%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 73%–87%). For keratitis, the final algorithm combined the following 2 candidate algorithms: ≥ 1 keratitis diagnosis and ≥ 1 dispensing of a topical antibiotic or antibiotic–steroid combination (PPV = 91%); and ≥ 1 keratitis diagnosis and ≥ 1 dispensing of an ophthalmic corticosteroid, topical immune‐modulator, or topical NSAID (PPV = 68%) for an overall PPV of 80% (95% CI: 55%–93%).ConclusionThe first claims‐based algorithms to identify conjunctivitis and keratitis among AD patients were developed and validated. They are available for use in future studies, particularly to better understand conjunctivitis and keratitis occurrence among patients with AD.
Creating a Risk Score for Prolonged Length of Stay Following Pediatric Lung Transplants
Authors: DiLeo Michael , Thapar Ruhi , Montgomery Ashley , Patadia Siddhi , Melicoff Ernestina , Rana Abbas 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPediatric lung transplant (LT) outcomes correlate with prolonged length of stay (pLOS), yet a paucity of research exists predicting pLOS in this population. We aim to identify factors associated with pLOS following pediatric LT, and to create a risk score identifying individual patients at increased risk of pLOS.MethodsUsing the OPTN database, we analyzed 733 pediatric patients who received an LT between January 2000‐July 2022. We used LASSO regularization to identify factors predicting pLOS. A risk score was calculated using odds ratios for each variable in the model.ResultsLASSO was run on 51 factors and identified 13 to be included in the model. The variables with the highest negative impact on LOS were recipient ethnicity (Asian, Native American, Pacific Islanders, or Mixed Race) (OR = 3.187), recipient requiring life support (OR = 2.354), and recipient age 2–10 years old (OR = 2.203). In contrast, low cold ischemia time (OR = 0.562), time on waitlist 21–60 days (OR = 0.284), and diagnosis of primary pulmonary hypertension (OR = 0.307) had protective effects on LOS. Using the risk score, we stratified patients into three equal groups: low (mean LOS = 20.60 days), medium (mean LOS = 22.53 days), and high risk (mean LOS = 36.72 days) of pLOS. The c‐statistic for the model was 0.7931 and 0.7757 for the risk score.ConclusionsUsing this model and risk score, physicians and healthcare systems could identify patients at risk of pLOS and could intervene on preventable variables before transplantation.
Effects of dopamine β‐hydroxylase inhibition in pressure overload‐induced right ventricular failure
Authors: Andersen Stine , Axelsen Julie Sørensen , Nielsen‐Kudsk Anders H. , Schwab Janne , Jensen Caroline D. , Ringgaard Steffen , Andersen Asger , Smal Rowan , Llucià‐Valldeperas Aida , Handoko de Man Frances , Igreja Bruno , Pires Nuno 
Published: November 2024

AbstractActivation of the sympathetic nervous system is observed in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. This study investigates whether inhibiting the conversion of dopamine into noradrenaline by dopamine β‐hydroxylase (DβH) inhibition with BIA 21‐5337 improved right ventricular (RV) function or remodeling in pressure overload‐induced RV failure. RV failure was induced in male Wistar rats by pulmonary trunk banding (PTB). Two weeks after the procedure, PTB rats were randomized to vehicle (n = 8) or BIA 21‐5337 (n = 11) treatment. An additional PTB group treated with ivabradine (n = 11) was included to control for the potential heart rate‐reducing effects of BIA 21‐5337. A sham group (n = 6) received vehicle treatment. After 5 weeks of treatment, RV function was assessed by echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and invasive pressure–volume measurements before rats were euthanized. RV myocardium was analyzed to evaluate RV remodeling. PTB caused a fourfold increase in RV afterload which led to RV dysfunction, remodeling, and failure. Treatment with BIA 21‐5337 reduced adrenal gland DβH activity and 24‐h urinary noradrenaline levels confirming relevant physiological response to the treatment. At end‐of‐study, there were no differences in RV function or RV remodeling between BIA 21‐5337 and vehicle‐treated rats. In conclusion, treatment with BIA 21‐5337 did not have any beneficial—nor adverse—effects on the development of RV failure after PTB despite reduced adrenal gland DβH activity.
Robust Adaptive Extremum Seeking Control Without Persistence of Excitation: Theory to Experiment
Authors: Garg Tushar , Basu Roy Sayan , Vamvoudakis Kyriakos G. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, we develop a novel adaptive extremum‐seeking control (AdESC) algorithm with robustness guarantees and without persistence of excitation (PE). Specifically, this builds on a proportional‐integral (PI)‐like parameter estimator. A zeroth‐order optimization framework is used, where the optimizer/agent can only query the numerical value of the cost function at the current coordinate given an unmodeled bounded disturbance. Since parameter estimation plays a decisive role in the stability and convergence properties of AdESC algorithm, it is also well established in the existing literature that to ensure parameter convergence a stringent PE condition is required. Here, we eliminate the need for a stringent PE condition by utilizing a novel set of weighted integral filter dynamics, while ensuring sufficient richness using a milder condition, called initial excitation (IE). Moreover, to validate the robustness guarantees towards unmodeled bounded disturbance, a detailed Lyapunov function based analysis is performed to establish the closed‐loop stability and convergence in the form of uniform ultimate boundedness (UUB). Furthermore, an experimental study using a unicycle wheeled mobile robot (WMR) is carried out as a proof‐of‐concept considering disturbance and disturbance‐free scenarios.
“They're Like Slash”: Multimodality and Embodied Agency in Students' Critical Engagements with Texts
Authors: Aragón María José , Corella Meghan , Lang Nora W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite recent calls to more fully incorporate multimodal perspectives into literacies research, there is still limited scholarship examining how students critically engage in reading activities by drawing on embodied practices. Racially and linguistically minoritized students are particularly disadvantaged by dominant logocentric and developmentalist approaches, which privilege oral and written discourse and often position these students as less capable of performing complex literacy practices. Drawing from three independent ethnographic studies, our multimodal interactional analysis examines how students of a range of ages and raciolinguistic backgrounds use embodied actions and other semiotic resources to agentively navigate text, task, and ideological constraints in activities involving reading and analyzing texts. Our analysis demonstrates the crucial role of students' embodied practices in expanding upon and challenging the constraints of literacy activities, focusing particularly on how students leveraged epistemic stance‐taking, embodied affective responses, and embodied forms of argumentation to negotiate and co‐construct meaning. Through a focus on embodied agency, this paper presents and applies an interactional perspective on the embodied nature of literacy activities; shows how students' creative mobilizations of embodied and other semiotic resources contribute to their critical readings of texts; and offers pedagogical and methodological implications for ways educators and researchers can attend to the intricacies of students' embodied sense‐making in literacy activities.
Regulating Optoelectronic and Thermoelectric Properties of Organic Semiconductors by Heavy Atom Effects
Authors: He Hao , Zhong Ziting , Fan Peng , Zhao Wenchao , Yuan Dafei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHeavy atom effects can be used to enhance intermolecular interaction, regulate quinoidal resonance properties, increase bandwidths, and tune diradical characters, which have significant impacts on organic optoelectronic devices, such as organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), etc. Meanwhile, the introduction of heavy atoms is shown to promote charge transfer, enhance air stability, and improve device performances in the field of organic thermoelectrics (OTEs). Thus, heavy atom effects are receiving more and more attention. However, regulating heavy atoms in organic semiconductors is still meeting great challenges. For example, heavy atoms will lead to solubility and stability issues (tellurium substitution) and lack of versatile design strategy and effective synthetic methods to be incorporated into organic semiconductors, which limit their application in electronic devices. Therefore, this work timely summarizes the unique functionalities of heavy atom effects, and up‐to‐date progress in organic electronics including OFETs, OPVs, OLEDs, and OTEs, while the structure‐performance relationships between molecular designs and electronic devices are clearly elucidated. Furthermore, this review systematically analyzes the remaining challenges in regulating heavy atoms within organic semiconductors, and design strategies toward efficient and stable organic semiconductors by the introduction of novel heavy atoms regulation are proposed.
Phage Display Against 2D Metal–Organic Nanosheets as a New Route to Highly Selective Biomolecular Recognition Surfaces
Authors: Wood Amelia C. , Johnson Edwin C. , Prasad Ram R. R. , Sullivan Mark V. , Turner Nicholas W. , Armes Steven P. , Staniland Sarah S. , Foster Jonathan A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPeptides are important biomarkers for various diseases, however distinguishing specific amino‐acid sequences using artificial receptors remains a major challenge in biomedical sensing. This study introduces a new approach for creating highly selective recognition surfaces using phage display biopanning against metal–organic nanosheets (MONs). Three MONs (ZIF‐7, ZIF‐7‐NH2, and Hf‐BTB‐NH2) are added to a solution containing every possible combination of seven‐residue peptides attached to bacteriophage hosts. The highest affinity peptides for each MON are isolated through successive bio‐panning rounds. Comparison of the surface properties of the MONs and high‐affinity peptides provide useful insights into the relative importance of electrostatic, hydrophobic, and co‐ordination bonding interactions in each system, aiding the design of future MONs. Coating of the Hf‐BTB‐NH2 MONs onto a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) produced a five‐fold higher signal for phage with the on‐target peptide sequence compared to those with generic sequences. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies produce a 4600‐fold higher equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) for on‐target sequences and are comparable to those of antibodies (KD = 4 x 10−10 m). It is anticipated that insights from the biopanning approach, combined with the highly tunable nature of MONs, will lead to a new generation of highly selective recognition surfaces for use in biomedical sensors.
Did Karl Marx party in 1891? The effect of SPD's Erfurt program on Karl Marx's citations
Authors: Magness Phillip W. , Makovi Michael 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD) is often proposed as a pre‐Soviet popularizer of Marxist economic theories due to its electoral successes in Germany in the decades before World War I. Using the synthetic control method, we examine whether German‐language print references to Karl Marx responded to the SPD's adoption of the Marx‐inspired Erfurt Program of 1891. In doing so, we account for the near‐simultaneous repeal of anti‐socialist censorship laws in Germany. Evidence of a boost to Marx's citations from the Erfurt Program is modest, and cannot be distinguished from the effect of the censorship repeal on all socialist writers. These results suggest that the SPD's role in popularizing Marx was minor compared to later events such as the Russian Revolution of 1917.