bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation of RANKL and OPG Levels with Bone Resorption in Patients with Acromegaly and Prolactinoma
Authors: Ozer Firuzan , Dagdelen Selcuk , Erbas Tomris 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of hyperprolactinemia and high levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on bone resorption and their relation with receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in patients with prolactinoma and acromegaly. Thirty-one patients with acromegaly, 28 patients with prolactinoma, and 33 healthy individuals were included in the study. Serum concentrations of RANKL, OPG, bone alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP), osteocalcin (OC), C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and urine deoxypyridinoline (DPD) levels were detected and bone mineral density (BMD) was measured. Groups were not statistically different from each other with regard to serum levels of RANKL and OPG. The RANKL/OPG ratio was higher in the prolactinoma group than in the control group (p=0.046). A positive correlation between OPG and increasing age was detected in both the prolactinoma and control groups (r=0.524, p=0.004 and r=0.380, p=0.029, respectively). An inverse correlation was observed between IGF-I and OPG after excluding age in the prolactinoma group (r=–0.412, p=0.046). OC and bone ALP were negatively associated with RANKL in the acromegaly group (r=–0.384, p=0.036 and r=–0.528, p=0.003, respectively). There was an inverse correlation between OPG and BMD at the femoral neck in the acromegaly group (r=–0.422, p=0.02). The effect of IGF-I on bone remodeling may be partly mediated by RANKL and OPG. The RANKL/OPG ratio plays an important role in prolactinoma. A positive correlation of OPG with age and an inverse correlation with IGF-I favor the compensatory response of OPG against bone loss in the aging skeleton.
Psychopharmakaverordnungen mit potentiell freiheitseinschränkender Wirkung – eine Auswertung von Pflegebegutachtungsdaten des MDK Bayern
Authors: Ezzat Nadja , Müller-Barna Peter , Krüger Cornelia , Randzio Ottilie 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Freiheitseinschränkende Maßnahmen in der Pflege in Form von mechanischen Fixierungen konnten in den letzten Jahren deutlich reduziert werden. Nun rückt die Verbreitung von Psychopharmaka mit sedierender und damit potentiell freiheitseinschränkender Wirkung in den Fokus. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es daher, die Verordnungshäufigkeit von Psychopharmaka und die Einflussfaktoren bei pflegebedürftigen Menschen zu beschreiben.
Methodik Am „Annual World Elder Abuse Awareness Day“ wurde im Rahmen der Pflegebegutachtung durch den Medizinischen Dienst der Krankenversicherung in Bayern eine Stichtagsanalyse durchgeführt, um die Verbreitung von Psychopharmaka in Abhängigkeit pflegerelevanter Aspekte betrachten zu können. Zudem wurden die Medikamente gemäß der Priscus-Liste bezüglich ihrer (Un-)Geeignetheit für ältere Menschen eingestuft.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt konnten Daten von 706 Versicherten analysiert werden. 43% dieser Versicherten haben mindestens ein Psychopharmakon als Regelmedikation erhalten, 22% mindestens ein potentiell sedierendes Medikament. Entsprechend der Priscus-Liste wurden 16% der verordneten Regelmedikamente als potentiell ungeeignet identifiziert. Signifikante Zusammenhänge konnten zwischen der Verordnung von Psychopharmaka und dem Untersuchungsort, der Pflegestufe, der Diagnosen und der eingeschränkten Alltagskompetenz gezeigt werden.
Schlussfolgerung Die vorliegende Arbeit unterstützt die Ergebnisse aus der Literatur und verdeutlicht die Diskrepanz zwischen der von Expertenseite angemahnten Zurückhaltung einerseits und der Verbreitung der Psychopharmaka andererseits. Wünschenswert sind weitere Untersuchungen zur Verordnungsqualität auf Patientenebene unter Einbeziehung der individuellen Umstände.
Influence of Organ Extracts on Blood Clotting Factors
Authors: Fantl P , Ward H. A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBrain and lung suspensions incubated with blood or serum produce sera which are deficient in factor IX and factor VII.Suspensions prepared from acetone-dehydrated brain are effective substitutes for free phospholipids in the formation of blood thromboplastin.The fraction which inactivates the clotting factors is connected with a readily sedimentable portion of the brain suspension.It is heat stable, and destroyed by ethanol-ether extraction.The extracted lipid is inactive.
Hydrolysis of Tosylarginine Methyl Ester by Russell’s Viper Venom
Authors: Wagner Robert H. , Farrell Robert A. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryRussell’s viper venom (RVV) is capable of hydrolyzing TAME slowly. It is readily adsorbed by glass from weak solutions. The pH optimum for the hydrolysis was 8.7 to 9.0. Under the conditions specified, Km was found to be 1.05 × 10–2 M and Vmax was 0.62 μM per min. per mg RVV. On a weight basis, RVV has a greater clot-accelerating activity than trypsin but less TAME hydrolyzing activity. It is suggested that there is a correlation between the clot-accelerating action of RVV and the hydrolysis of specific arginyl peptide bonds.
Prothrombin Utilization Following Addition of Platelet Cofactor I Concentrates to Hemophilic Plasma
Authors: Frederic Johnson J , Mammen Eberhard F. , Seegers Walter H. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryProthrombin is utilized in hemophilia B blood when a platelet cofactor I concentrate is added. It is not well utilized when the same preparation is added to hemophilia B plasma, hemophilia A plasma, or hemophilia A blood. Platelet factor 3 concentrates did not promote prothrombin utilization. Mixtures of platelet cofactor I and platelet factor 3 (threone) give prothrombin utilization under all conditions tested in hemophilia A and B.
Bildgebung: elektrische EEG-Quellenanalyse
Authors: Carboni Margherita , Toscano Gianpaolo , Seeck Margitta 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungQuellenanalyse auf der Basis von Skalp-EEG, idealerweise von hochauflösendem EEG, hat sich etabliert als ein bildgebendes Medium, welches bestehende Verfahren ergänzt. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Techniken kann EEG-basierte Bildgebung die Quelle der neuronalen Aktivität millisekundengenau zu diesem Zeitpunkt abbilden, d.h es handelt sich nicht um indirekte Korrelate der elektrischen Aktivität wie Blutfluss oder Glucosekonsum. Prospektive Studien konnten zeigen, dass Quellenanalyse in einer Mehrheit der Patienten, die sich einer epilepsiechirugischen Therapie unterzogen, den Fokus korrekt im strukturellen MRI des Patienten lokalisiert. Bis dato konnte dies in mehreren Hundert Patienten gezeigt werden: die Wahrscheinlichkeit, nach einer resektiven Intervention anfallsfrei zu sein, ist 10 x höher wenn die elektrische Quelle zusammen mit der strukturellen Anomalie reseziert wurde als wenn dies nicht der Fall war. Studien in operierten Patienten und/oder mit intrakraniellem EEG konnten zeigen, dass es eine hohe Konkordanz zwischen der errechneten Quelle und dem intrakraniellem Fokus gibt. Weitere Anwendungen finden sich in der Lokalisierung von vitalem Kortex mithilfe von evozierten Potenzialen. Insgesamt ist die EEG-basierte Bildgebung relativ einfach zu akquirieren, kann auch bei Kindern und anderen Personen mit begrenzter Kollaboration durchgeführt werden, kann mit fMRI kombiniert werden und ist, vergleichen mit anderen Bildgebungsverfahren, relativ billig. Mögliche zukünftige Anwendungen betreffen die Ermittelung von epileptogener Aktivität bei vermeindlich normalem EEG und Netzwerkanalysen sowie die Netzwerk-Dysfunktionen in anderen neurologischen und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen.
Metapopulation stability in branching river networks
Authors: Terui Akira , Ishiyama Nobuo , Urabe Hirokazu , Ono Satoru , Finlay Jacques C. , Nakamura Futoshi 
Published: June 2018

SignificanceMetapopulation stability is a critical ecological property. Although ecosystem size has been considered as a fundamental driver of metapopulation stability, current theories developed in simplified landscapes may not be appropriate for complex branching ecosystems, such as rivers. Here, we show that a scale-independent characteristic of fractal river networks, branching complexity (measured as branching probability), stabilizes watershed metapopulations. We theoretically revealed that a strong association between branching complexity and metapopulation stability is a consequence of purely probabilistic processes. Furthermore, the stabilizing effect of branching complexity was consistently observed in metapopulations of four ecologically distinct riverine fishes. Hence, branching complexity may be a ubiquitous agent of metapopulation stability in branching ecosystems. The loss of such complexity may undermine resilience of metapopulations.
Ancient genomes from North Africa evidence prehistoric migrations to the Maghreb from both the Levant and Europe
Authors: Fregel Rosa , Méndez Fernando L. , Bokbot Youssef , Martín-Socas Dimas , Camalich-Massieu María D. , Santana Jonathan , Morales Jacob , Ávila-Arcos María C. , Underhill Peter A. , Shapiro Beth , Wojcik Genevieve , Rasmussen Morten , Soares André E. R. , Kapp Joshua , Sockell Alexandra , Rodríguez-Santos Francisco J. , Mikdad Abdeslam , Trujillo-Mederos Aioze , Bustamante Carlos D. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
The acquisition of agricultural techniques during the so-called Neolithic revolution has been one of the major steps forward in human history. Using next-generation sequencing and ancient-DNA techniques, we directly test whether Neolithization in North Africa occurred through the transmission of ideas or by demic diffusion. We show that Early Neolithic Moroccans are composed of an endemic Maghrebi element still retained in present-day North African populations, resembling the genetic component observed in Later Stone Age communities from Morocco. However, Late Neolithic individuals from North Africa are admixed, with a North African and a European component. Our results support the idea that the Neolithization of North Africa involved both the development of Epipaleolithic communities and the migration of people from Europe.
Empirical evidence for stability of the 405-kiloyear Jupiter–Venus eccentricity cycle over hundreds of millions of years
Authors: Kent Dennis V. , Olsen Paul E. , Rasmussen Cornelia , Lepre Christopher , Mundil Roland , Irmis Randall B. , Gehrels George E. , Giesler Dominique , Geissman John W. , Parker William G. 
Published: June 2018

SignificanceRhythmic climate cycles of various assumed frequencies recorded in sedimentary archives are increasingly used to construct a continuous geologic timescale. However, the age range of valid theoretical orbital solutions is limited to only the past 50 million years. New U–Pb zircon dates from the Chinle Formation tied using magnetostratigraphy to the Newark–Hartford astrochronostratigraphic polarity timescale provide empirical confirmation that the unimodal 405-kiloyear orbital eccentricity cycle reliably paces Earth’s climate back to at least 215 million years ago, well back in the Late Triassic Period.
Data‐driven quantification of the effect of wind on athletics performance
Authors: Moinat M. , Fabius O. , Emanuel K. S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSo far, the relationship between wind and athletics performance has been studied mainly for 100 m sprint, based on simulation of biomechanical models, requiring several assumptions. In this study, this relationship is quantified empirically for all five horizontal jump and sprint events where wind is measured, with freely available competition results. After systematic scraping several elite and sub‐elite results sites, the obtained results (n = 150,169) were filtered and matched to athletes. A quadratic mixed effects model with athlete and season as random effects was applied to express the influence of wind velocity on performance in each event. Whether this effect differs with performance level was investigated by applying the model on subgroups based on performance level. In the fitted quadratic model, the linear coefficients were significant (p < .001) for all events; the quadratic coefficients were significant for all events (p < .001) except long jump (p = .138). A 2.0 m s−1 tail wind provides an average advantage of 0.125, 0.140 and 0.146−s for the 100, 200 and 100/110 m hurdles, respectively, and an advantage of 0.058 and 0.102 m for long jump and triple jump, respectively. Performance level had a significant effect on the wind influence only for 100 m (p < .001). Amateur athletes (∼13 s) benefit 69% more from a 2.0 m s−1 tail wind than elite athletes (∼10 s). Practical formulas are presented for each event. These can easily be used correct results for wind speed, allowing better talent scouting and championship selection. This study demonstrates the efficacy of answering scientific questions empirically, through freely available data.
Effects of Prevulcanization Time of Natural Rubber on Kenaf Filled Natural Rubber Foam
Authors: Abdul Karim A F , Ismail H , Mohamad Ariff Z 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of prevulcanization time of natural rubber latex (NRL) on properties of kenaf filled natural rubber latex foam (NRLF). The prevulcanization time of NRL was set at 24 hours. The tensile properties, compression set and morphological properties of kenaf filled NRLF after 24 hours of prevulcanization time were compared with samples without prevulcanized. The tensile strength and modulus at 100% elongation (M100) of prevulcanized samples was higher but lower in elongation at break as compared with without prevulcanized samples. The results from thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the thermal stability of prevulcanized samples was higher than without prevulcanized samples. The prevulcanized samples found to have higher elasticity compared with without prevulcanized samples based compression set test. The morpholgy of both samples were also compared using scanning electron microscope (SEM). From the micrograph of SEM, it was found that prevulcanized kenaf filled NRLF samples show better interfacial bonding compared with kenaf filled NRLF without prevulcanized. This proved that prevulcanized natural rubber latex enhanced the properties of kenaf filled NRLF.
Variation of Ground-Level Ozone Concentration in Urbanized Area in Malaysia
Authors: Mohamed Noor N , Mohamad Hasim N I , Yusof S Y 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The study focused on ground level ozone concentration in 3 selected urbanized areas in Malaysia that are Shah Alam, Ipoh, and Malacca. The main objective of this study is to determine the correlation between the ozone concentration, air pollutant and meteorological parameters. First, the surface ozone concentration was characterised to observe the variation of ozone concentration in the studied areas. The diurnal variation of ozone in all selected urbanized area is characterized by low concentration during early morning and late night and high concentration during day time. The average ozone concentrations are below the limit (0.1 ppm) of Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guideline permissible level, however high hourly concentration were recorded during the day especially at 1.00 p.m. to 4.00 p.m. The correlation coefficient between ozone and the various meteorological parameters were weak except for certain pollutantssuch as NO2, NOx and CO.
Upper mantle anisotropy and deformation beneath the major thrust-and-fold belts of Zagros and Alborz and the Iranian Plateau
Authors: Sadeghi-Bagherabadi Amir , Sobouti Farhad , Ghods Abdolreza , Motaghi Khalil , Talebian Morteza , Chen Ling , Jiang Mingming , Ai Yinshuang , He Yumei 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARY
We present new SKS splitting measurements obtained from a temporary seismic broad-band network in western Iran across the Arabia–Eurasia collision zone. The average delay time over the entire network was found to be 1.27 ± 0.27 s. In the Zagros where the lithosphere attains its greatest thickness, the fast-axes are predominantly subparallel to the trend of the mountain ranges, suggesting a lithospheric origin of the anisotropy caused by transpressional deformation. In contrast in the Alborz, the fast-axes become subparallel to the absolute plate motion vectors and we propose that anisotropy is mainly controlled by the direction of the asthenospheric flow field. The central Iran region shows a more complex pattern of anisotropy that could be the result of variable and small-scale deformation fields in the crust and the shallow sublithospheric mantle.
Dependence of the Density of States on the Probability Distribution for Discrete Random Schrödinger Operators
Authors: Hislop Peter D , Marx Christoph A 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We prove that the density of states measure (DOSm) for random Schrödinger operators on $\mathbb{Z}^d$ is weak-$^{\ast }$ Hölder-continuous in the probability measure. The framework we develop is general enough to extend to a wide range of discrete, random operators, including the Anderson model on the Bethe lattice, as well as random Schrödinger operators on the strip. An immediate application of our main result provides quantitive continuity estimates for the disorder dependence of the DOSm and the integrated density of states (IDS) in the weak disorder regime. These results hold for a general compactly supported single-site probability measure, without any further assumptions. The few previously available results for the disorder dependence of the IDS valid for dimensions $d \geqslant 2$ assumed absolute continuity of the single-site measure and thus excluded the Bernoulli–Anderson model. As a further application of our main result, we establish quantitative continuity results for the Lyapunov exponent of random Schrödinger operators for $d=1$ in the probability measure with respect to the weak-$^{\ast }$ topology.
A Prognostic Gene Signature Expressed in Primary Cutaneous Melanoma: Synergism With Conventional Staging
Authors: Brunner Georg , Heinecke Achim , Falk Thomas M , Ertas Beyhan , Blödorn-Schlicht Norbert , Schulze Hans-Joachim , Suter Ludwig , Atzpodien Jens , Berking Carola 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Current clinico-pathological American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging of primary cutaneous melanoma is limited in its ability to determine clinical outcome, and complementary biomarkers are not available for routine prognostic assessment. We therefore adapted a gene signature, previously identified in fresh-frozen (FF) melanomas and adjacent stroma, to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) melanomas. The aim was to develop a gene expression profiling (GEP) score to define patient survival probability at the time of first diagnosis.

Methods
Expression of 11 FF melanoma signature genes was quantified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in an FFPE melanoma training cohort (n = 125), corresponding to the combined FF melanoma training and validation cohorts. The resulting GEP score was validated technically and clinically in an independent FFPE melanoma cohort (n = 211). All statistical tests were two-sided.

Results
We identified a prognostic eight-gene signature in the tumor area (tumor and adjacent tissue) of AJCC stage I–III melanomas. A signature-based GEP score correlated with melanoma-specific survival (MSS; Kaplan-Meier analysis: P &lt; .0001) was independent of tumor stage (multivariable regression analysis: P = .0032) and stroma content (&lt;5%–90%) and complemented conventional AJCC staging (receiver operating characteristic curve analysis: area under the curve = 0.91). In the clinical validation cohort, the GEP score remained statistically significant (P = .0131) in a multivariable analysis accounting for conventional staging. The GEP score was technically robust (reproducibility: 93%; n = 84) and clinically useful, as a binary as well as a continuous score, in predicting stage-specific patient MSS.

Conclusions
The GEP score is a clinically significant prognostic tool, contributes additional information regarding the MSS of melanoma patients, and complements conventional staging.
Cessation Clauses, Uncertain Futures and Wellbeing among Rwandan Urban Refugees in Cameroon
Authors: Yotebieng Kelly A , Syvertsen Jennifer L , Kum Awah Paschal 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOver half of the world’s displaced persons live in urban areas of developing countries. As they settle into countries with already strained health services, urban refugees face a unique set of challenges related to accessing social and mental health services. Humanitarian policy can inadvertently exacerbate these problems. This article discusses the intersection of humanitarian policy and physical and mental wellbeing among the Rwandan urban-refugee community facing uncertain futures in Yaoundé, Cameroon, as the result of a Cessation Clause. This analysis drew from participant observation, focus groups and unstructured interviews with 30 Rwandan refugee households in Yaoundé, Cameroon, over 11 months in May–August 2016, May–August 2017 and February–June 2018. The theme of uncertain futures stemming from humanitarian policy changes as a source of anxiety about the future organically emerged from the Rwandan research participants. Our analysis highlights the need to review the impacts that global humanitarian policies have on refugees’ wellbeing and the ways in which it can erode hope.
Exploring the fate of mRNA in aging seeds: protection, destruction, or slow decay?
Authors: Fleming Margaret B , Patterson Eric L , Reeves Patrick A , Richards Christopher M , Gaines Todd A , Walters Christina 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Seeds exist in the vulnerable state of being unable to repair the chemical degradation all organisms suffer, which slowly ages seeds and eventually results in death. Proposed seed aging mechanisms involve all classes of biological molecules, and degradation of total RNA has been detected contemporaneously with viability loss in dry-stored seeds. To identify changes specific to mRNA, we examined the soybean (Glycine max) seed transcriptome, using new, whole-molecule sequencing technology. We detected strong evidence of transcript fragmentation in 23-year-old, compared with 2-year-old, seeds. Transcripts were broken non-specifically, and greater fragmentation occurred in longer transcripts, consistent with the proposed mechanism of molecular fission by free radical attack at random bases. Seeds died despite high integrity of short transcripts, indicating that functions encoded by short transcripts are not sufficient to maintain viability. This study provides an approach to probe the asymptomatic phase of seed aging, namely by quantifying transcript degradation as a function of storage time.