bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hashimoto's thyroiditis with elevated serum IgG4 concentrations is not equivalent to IgG4 Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: Yu Yang , Yu Nan , Lu Guizhi , Li Ting , Zhang Yang , Zhang Jing , Gao Ying , Gao Yanming , Guo Xiaohui 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundHashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) with serum IgG4 concentrations greater than 135 mg/dL can be diagnosed as elevated serum IgG4 HT. HT can also be classified into IgG4 HT and non‐IgG4 HT based on an immunohistochemistry analysis of IgG4. The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between elevated serum IgG4 HT and IgG4 HT.MethodBoth thyroid tissues and serum samples stored before pathological examination from 93 patients with HT were collected. The serum levels of IgG, IgG4, TgAb IgG, TgAb IgG4, TPOAb IgG and TPOAb IgG4 were measured by ELISAs. The expression levels of IgG4, IgG and TGF‐β1 in thyroid tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.ResultsPatients with HT were divided into two groups: elevated serum IgG4 HT (n = 12) and nonelevated serum IgG4 HT (n = 81). Hypothyroidism was found in 5 of 12 cases (41.7%) in the elevated serum IgG4 HT group and 10 of 81 cases (12.3%) in the nonelevated serum IgG4 HT group (P = .023). Serologically, there were no significant differences in the levels of TgAb IgG, TPOAb IgG, TgAb IgG4 and TPOAb IgG4 between the two groups, and the expression of TGF‐β1 in thyroid tissues was not significantly different between the groups. Most importantly, the frequency of patients who satisfied the criteria for IgG4 HT diagnosis was comparable (25% vs 20.9%, P = .756).ConclusionsThe measurement of serum IgG4 allows the identification of patients with HT closely associated with hypothyroidism. However, our study demonstrated that elevated serum IgG4 HT is not equivalent to IgG4 HT.
Public Art for an Inclusive City: Producers and Publics on the Social Potentials and Problems of Flagship Vis‐à‐Vis Community Art
Authors: ZEBRACKI MARTIN , DE BEKKER DIRK 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article engages with socio‐spatial theory on the “trialectic” between the physical, social, and spatial to examine the roles and uses of flagship vis‐à‐vis community art as experienced by both producers and publics. It presents a comparative case study on the Hieronymus Bosch Statue, a flagship artwork, and The Four Seasons, a community artwork, in the Dutch mid‐sized city of Den Bosch. This study critically juxtaposes everyday experiences of producers and publics with regard to the city's self‐declared long‐term ambition to move towards a socially inclusive cultural policy. Insights are drawn from a mixed‐method approach involving: discourse analysis of policy documents; in situ observations; questionnaires amongst publics; and in‐depth interviews with a key cultural policymaker, a landscape architect, an artist, representatives of a neighborhood committee, and residents. The article identifies common grounds and differences between and among “common sense” in (hegemonic) policy discourse, and everyday experiences, regarding the potentials and problems of social engagement with flagship vis‐à‐vis community art. In addition to examining these public art types, the article concludes with a discussion of the field of tension between urban public art's “mere aesthetics” and its “deeper matters” of engendering social inclusion. This study can be of use for both scholars and practitioners concerned with citizen participation in urban arts and cultural contexts more widely.
Putting the Public in Public Art: An Ethnographic Approach to Two Temporary Art Installations
Authors: RADICE MARTHA 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTemporary public art installations are an increasingly common sight in industrialized cities. This reflects local government and civic organizations’ interest in the potential social and economic benefits of art, as well as artists and curators’ interest in engaging “the public.” Yet little systematic social‐scientific attention is paid to the ways that public art, once installed, affects its site, and the ways that people interact with it. How can these artworks be understood as “public”? What kinds of urban publics do they produce? Approaching these questions as an urban anthropologist, I analyze ethnographic material from two pieces. One of these pieces was Kim Morgan's 2006 work Time Transit, a mixed‐media installation on an operational city bus in Regina, Saskatchewan, which invited passengers to co‐produce the art via text messages. The other piece was Situated Cinema–created by Tom Evans, Craig Rodmore, and Will Vachon in 2012–a demountable micro‐cinema that moved to different sites in Winnipeg, Manitoba, projecting short experimental films about cities. Analysis of the 3,960 text messages sent during Time Transit and interviews and observations conducted at Situated Cinema shows that each installation intervened in the socio‐spatial dialectic of its sites in original and sometimes unanticipated ways. Moreover, each produced and mediated public dialogue in a distinct sense and to different degrees. I conclude by reflecting on what an ethnographic approach can reveal about the publicness of public art—and what it might leave out.
Avoiding game‐tree pathology in 2‐player adversarial search
Authors: Zuckerman Inon , Wilson Brandon , Nau Dana S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAdversarial search, or game‐tree search, is a technique for analyzing an adversarial game to determine what moves a player should make in order to win a game. Until recently, lookahead pathology (in which deeper game‐tree search results in worse play) has been thought to be quite rare. We provide an analysis that shows that every game should have some sections that are locally pathological, assuming that both players can potentially win the game.We also modify the minimax algorithm to recognize local pathologies in arbitrary games and cut off search accordingly (shallower search is more effective than deeper search when local pathologies occur). We show experimentally that our modified search procedure avoids local pathologies and consequently provides improved performance, in terms of decision accuracy, when compared with the minimax algorithm. In addition, we provide an experimental evaluation on the African game of Kalah, which shows the improved performances of our suggested error‐minimizing minimax algorithm when there is a large degree of pathology.
Cognitive agents and machine learning by example: Representation with conceptual graphs
Authors: Gkiokas Alexandros , Cristea Alexandra I. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAs machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence progress, more complex tasks can be addressed, quite often by cascading or combining existing models and technologies, known as the bottom‐up design. Some of those tasks are addressed by agents, which attempt to simulate or emulate higher cognitive abilities that cover a broad range of functions; hence, those agents are named cognitive agents. We formulate, implement, and evaluate such a cognitive agent, which combines learning by example with ML. The mechanisms, algorithms, and theories to be merged when training a cognitive agent to read and learn how to represent knowledge have not, to the best of our knowledge, been defined by the current state‐of‐the‐art research. The task of learning to represent knowledge is known as semantic parsing, and we demonstrate that it is an ability that may be attained by cognitive agents using ML, and the knowledge acquired can be represented by using conceptual graphs. By doing so, we create a cognitive agent that simulates properties of “learning by example,” while performing semantic parsing with good accuracy. Due to the unique and unconventional design of this agent, we first present the model and then gauge its performance, showcasing its strengths and weaknesses.
Multimodality, interactivity, and crowdsourcing for document transcription
Authors: Granell Emilio , Romero Verónica , Martínez‐Hinarejos Carlos D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractKnowledge mining from documents usually use document engineering techniques that allow the user to access the information contained in documents of interest. In this framework, transcription may provide efficient access to the contents of handwritten documents. Manual transcription is a time‐consuming task that can be sped up by using different mechanisms. A first possibility is employing state‐of‐the‐art handwritten text recognition systems to obtain an initial draft transcription that can be manually amended. A second option is employing crowdsourcing to obtain a massive but not error‐free draft transcription. In this case, when collaborators employ mobile devices, speech dictation can be used as a transcription source, and speech and handwritten text recognition can be fused to provide a better draft transcription, which can be amended with even less effort. A final option is using interactive assistive frameworks, where the automatic system that provides the draft transcription and the transcriber cooperate to generate the final transcription. The novel contributions presented in this work include the study of the data fusion on a multimodal crowdsourcing framework and its integration with an interactive system. The use of the proposed solutions reduces the required transcription effort and optimizes the overall performance and usability, allowing for a better transcription process.
High mobility group box transcription factor 1 (HBP1) from Lampetra japonica affects cell cycle regulation
Authors: Song Xiaoping , Gao Xingxing , Lu Jiali , Liang Hongfang , Su Peng , Li Qingwei , Pang Yue 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHigh mobility group (HMG) box‐containing protein 1 (HBP1) is a member of the HMG family of chromosomal proteins. Previous studies have shown that human HBP1 exhibits tumor‐suppressor activity. Here, we identified a homologue of HBP1, L‐hbp1, in Lampetra japonica. The L‐hbp1 gene shared high sequence similarity with its homologues in jawed vertebrates, as shown by bioinformatics analyses. L‐hbp1 contains a 1,584‐bp open reading frame that encodes 527 amino acids. A pAdenox‐L‐HBP1 plasmid was constructed and transfected successfully in Raji cells, as revealed by real‐time PCR. The overexpression of L‐HBP1 reduced cell growth rates, inhibited G1 phase progression, decreased cyclin D1 and c‐Myc protein expression, and increased p53 protein expression. Western blot and immunohistochemical assays showed that L‐HBP1 was primarily distributed in the heart, kidney, gill and liver of lamprey. Cell cycle analysis revealed that decreased L‐HBP1 expression in HBP1 morpholino oligonucleotide‐transfected lamprey cells resulted in a decreased fraction of cells in the G1 phase and corresponding increases in the S and G2/M phases. Additionally, treatment of lamprey cardiac cells with pharmacological inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase released the cells from G1 arrest. Together, these results indicated that HBP1 expression in lamprey was correlated with the onset of mitotic arrest in these cells, which have implications for cell cycle regulation.
The coevolution of juvenile play–fighting and adult competition
Authors: Cenni Camilla , Fawcett Tim W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlthough play–fighting is widespread among juvenile mammals, its adaptive significance remains unclear. It has been proposed that play is beneficial for developing skills to improve success in adult contests (motor‐training hypothesis), but the links between juvenile play–fighting and adult aggression are complex and not well understood. In this theoretical study, we investigate the coevolution between juvenile play–fighting and adult aggression using evolutionary computer simulations. We consider a simple life history with two sequential stages: a juvenile phase in which individuals play–fight with other juveniles to develop their fighting skills; and an adult phase in which individuals engage in potentially aggressive contests over access to resources and ultimately mating opportunities, leading to reproductive success. The simulations track genetic evolution in key traits affecting adult contests, such as the level of aggression, as well as juvenile investment in play–fighting, capturing the coevolutionary feedbacks between juvenile and adult decisions. We find that coevolution leads to one of two outcomes: a high‐play, high‐aggression situation with highly aggressive adult contests preceded by a prolonged period of juvenile play–fighting to improve fighting ability, or a low‐play, low‐aggression situation in which adult contests are resolved without fighting and there is minimal investment in play–fighting before individuals mature. Which of these outcomes is favoured depends on the mortality costs and on the type of societal structure: societies with strong reproductive skew, favouring monopolization of resources, show high levels of adult aggression and high investment in juvenile play–fighting, whereas societies with low reproductive skew have both low adult aggression and low levels of play–fighting. A review of empirical evidence, particularly in the primate genus Macaca, highlights some limitations of our model and suggests that other, complementary functional explanations are needed to account for the full range of competitive and cooperative forms of play–fighting. Our study illustrates the power of evolutionary simulations to shed light on the long‐standing puzzle of animal play.
Multi‐agent modelling and simulation of graph‐based predator–prey dynamic systems: A BDI approach
Authors: Bădică Amelia , Bădică Costin , Ivanović Mirjana , Dănciulescu Daniela 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe propose a new framework based on Belief‐Desire‐Intention multi‐agent systems for the macroscopic modelling and simulation of continuous dynamic systems. The main idea is to break down the target system model into a collection of autonomous and loosely coupled interacting components endowed with clean message‐based interfaces and local intelligence. Each component is then mapped to a Belief‐Desire‐Intention agent that captures its state as a set of logical facts and its behavioural patterns as a set of plans. The system model can be described as a multi‐agent programme that is specified using the state‐of‐the‐art Jason agent‐oriented programming language. The approach is evaluated by considering a generalized graph‐based model of predator–prey systems. Our approach supports the configuration of the multi‐agent model with various differential equations integration methods, as required by the specific problem.
Family and Child Outcomes 2 Years After a Transition to Parenthood Intervention
Authors: Jones Damon E. , Feinberg Mark E. , Hostetler Michelle L. , Roettger Michael E. , Paul Ian M. , Ehrenthal Deborah B. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of Family Foundations, a transition‐to‐parenting intervention, on parent and child outcomes 2 years after birth.BackgroundCouples transitioning to parenthood face many stressors and challenges that are not typically addressed through commonly available childbirth preparatory classes. The Family Foundations program was designed for couples expecting their first child and addresses family stressors related to coparenting, parenting, and mental health.MethodThe recruited sample of 399 couples expecting their first child were randomly assigned to intervention or control conditions. Data were obtained through home observation and parent surveys before and after intervention.ResultsIntent‐to‐treat analyses indicated effects on several targeted domains including coparenting, parenting, and relationship quality, as well as on child sleep habits and internalizing behavior problems at 2 years of age. Effects for several outcomes were larger for those couples at greater risk based on pretest‐observed negative dyadic communication styles.ConclusionLonger‐term impact found here on parent and child outcomes provides new evidence of the effectiveness of this program for first‐time parents.ImplicationsPrograms directed toward broader issues related to aspects of coparenting, parenting, and mental health have the potential to have longer‐term positive impact on the couples and the developing child.
Mapping Aquifer Systems with Airborne Electromagnetics in the Central Valley of California
Authors: Knight Rosemary , Smith Ryan , Asch Ted , Abraham Jared , Cannia Jim , Viezzoli Andrea , Fogg Graham 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe passage of the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act in California has highlighted a need for cost‐effective ways to acquire the data used in building conceptual models of the aquifer systems in the Central Valley of California. One approach would be the regional implementation of the airborne electromagnetic (AEM) method. We acquired 104 line‐kilometers of data in the Tulare Irrigation District, in the Central Valley, to determine the depth of investigation (DOI) of the AEM method, given the abundance of electrically conductive clays, and to assess the usefulness of the method for mapping the hydrostratigraphy. The data were high quality providing, through inversion of the data, models displaying the variation in electrical resistivity to a depth of approximately 500 m. In order to transform the resistivity models to interpreted sections displaying lithology, we established the relationship between resistivity and lithology using collocated lithology logs (from drillers' logs) and AEM data. We modeled the AEM response and employed a bootstrapping approach to solve for the range of values in the resistivity model corresponding to sand and gravel, mixed coarse and fine, and clay in the unsaturated and saturated regions. The comparison between the resulting interpretation and an existing cross section demonstrates that AEM can be an effective method for mapping the large‐scale hydrostratigraphy of aquifer systems in the Central Valley. The methods employed and developed in this study have widespread application in the use of the AEM method for groundwater management in similar geologic settings.
TEXTS ON THE MOVE: TEXTUALITY AND HISTORICITY REVISITED
Authors: ASDAL KRISTIN , JORDHEIM HELGE 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe last time texts were brought onto the general theoretical and methodological agenda of the human and social sciences, they were reintroduced into history in terms of an indefinite set of indefinitely complex contexts, which gave every text a specific date and location in a network of other texts and events. A couple of decades later, however, a more prominent feature of texts seems to be that they are permanently on the move: they circulate, have effects on other things, change and transform realities, and are at the same time themselves translated and modified. In the literature exploring the textuality of history, these dimensions have been under‐theorized and often ignored. To meet this challenge, we need to develop concepts and approaches that enable us to place the mobility of texts as well as their mobilizing force at the center of our current historical concerns. In this article we will explore what the consequences of this move could be, and what resources are already at hand in different scholarly traditions. Exploring the entanglements between actor‐network theory (ANT in the version of Bruno Latour), on the one hand, and literary criticism, linguistics, and book history, on the other, enables us to focus on how texts move and how they move others. We will proceed in this essay by identifying three decisive moments in twentieth‐ and twenty‐first‐century textual scholarship, often conceptualized as “turns,” which are linked to the works of three path‐breaking authors and which at the same time represent three different stages or forms of textuality: the linguistic turn (Saussure), the turn to writing (Derrida), and the turn to print (Eisenstein). Our discussions of these three moments and forms of textuality aim at uncovering how they also represent seminal moments in Bruno Latour's development of the theoretical and methodological complex now referred to as ANT.
Thermoluminscence characteristics and dosimetric parameters of Nd+3 doped alkali borosilicate glass
Authors: Soliman Hala A. , Salama Elsayed 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlkali‐borosilicate glass samples doped with 0.04‐0.7 mol % of neodymium oxide (20SiO2‐(50‐x) H3BO3‐20Na2CO3‐10ZnO‐xNd2O3) have been prepared by the melt quenching method. Thermoluminescence (TL) properties such as: dose–response, thermal fading, minimum detectable dose, and reproducibility of the gamma irradiated samples were investigated. Kinetic and trapping parameters such as trap depth, kinetic order, and frequency factor were studied by using the glow curve shape, initial rise and computerized glow curve de‐convolution (GCDC) methods. Among the studied concentrations, the obtained results showed that alkali‐borosilicate glass doped with 0.15 mol % neodymium oxide is the most sensitive one. This glass composition has a good linear TL gamma dose–response over a wide dose range of 0.5‐1000 Gy, as well as low fading and excellent reproducibility. These obtained features recommend the new prepared glass for many radiation detection applications.
Quantification of NETs‐associated markers by flow cytometry and serum assays in patients with thrombosis and sepsis
Authors: Lee K. H. , Cavanaugh L. , Leung H. , Yan F. , Ahmadi Z. , Chong B. H. , Passam F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of extracellular fibres produced from neutrophil DNA with a pathogenic role in infection, thrombosis and other conditions. Reliable assays for measuring NETs are desirable as novel treatments targeting NETs are being explored for the treatment of these conditions. We compare a whole blood flow cytometry method with serum assays to measure NETs‐associated markers in patients with sepsis and thrombosis.MethodsPatients with deep venous thrombosis (n = 25), sepsis (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 23) were included in the study. Neutrophil surface NETs markers were determined by flow cytometry on whole blood samples by gating of neutrophils stained for surface citrullinated histone (H3cit) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Serum double‐stranded (ds) DNA, MPO, myeloid‐related protein, nucleosomes, DNAse, elastase, human high‐mobility group box 1 and MPO‐DNA complexes were quantified as circulating markers of NETs.ResultsNeutrophil NETs markers by flow cytometry and serum NETs markers were significantly higher in patients with thrombosis and sepsis compared with healthy controls. Neutrophil NETs markers significantly correlated with the serum marker dsDNA.ConclusionFlow cytometry detection of neutrophil NETs markers is feasible in whole blood and correlates with serum markers of NETs. We propose the flow cytometry detection of MPO/H3cit positive neutrophils and serum dsDNA as simple methods to quantify cellular and extracellular NET markers in patients with thrombosis and sepsis.