bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Preservation of Extemporaneous Diluted Simple Syrup Vehicles for Pediatrics
Authors: Santoveña-Estévez Ana , Suárez-González Javier , Vera Martín , González-Martín Cristina , Soriano Mabel , Fariña José B. 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVES Extemporaneous or magistral formulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients using traditional compounding techniques is a common practice when no commercial form is available for pediatrics. For this vulnerable group of patients, the formulation must be prepared with the minimum quantity and lowest proportion of excipients approved for pediatrics, avoiding the use of preservatives. Often the vehicles used for these preparations are dilutions of simple syrup with water. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial preservation in simple syrup diluted with aqua conservans (conserved water), without propylene glycol or with a reduced proportion of parabens.
METHODS The European Pharmacopoeia test of efficacy of antimicrobial preservation was applied to 5 trial vehicles prepared with simple syrup diluted with water.
RESULTS Simple syrup is stable during 14 days. Vehicles prepared with simple syrup diluted with purified water did not meet the microbiological quality criteria, but when they are diluted with water that incorporates propylene glycol and parabens (aqua conservans), then they meet the criteria. In addition, if the water is prepared with parabens and without propylene glycol, the criteria for the dilution are met. Nevertheless, if the dilution is done with water prepared with an insufficient proportion of parabens to act as preservatives, the dilution does not meet the pharmacopoeia microbiological criteria.
CONCLUSIONS Dilution of simple syrup (50:50 v/v) to prepare a vehicle for extemporaneous or magistral preparation is microbiologically safe when water with methylparaben and propylparaben is used in a proportion of 0.08% and 0.02% (w/w), respectively, avoiding the use of propylene glycol as a solvent and thus its toxic effects in pediatrics.
Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling Exercise in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Pilutti Lara A. , Edwards Thomas , Motl Robert W. , Sebastião Emerson 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background:
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling is an advanced rehabilitation modality that involves systematic mild electrical stimulation of focal muscle groups to produce leg cycling movement against an adjustable work rate. The present study reports on the efficacy of an assessor-blinded, pilot randomized controlled trial of supervised FES cycling exercise in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) on secondary trial outcomes, including cognition, fatigue, pain, and health-related quality of life.

Methods:
Eleven adult participants with MS were randomized to receive FES cycling exercise (n = 6) or passive leg cycling (n = 5) for 24 weeks. Cognitive processing speed was assessed using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test. Symptoms of fatigue and pain were assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale, the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, and the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Physical and psychological health-related quality of life were assessed using the 29-item Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale.

Results:
Eight participants (four, FES; four, passive leg cycling) completed the intervention and outcome assessments. The FES cycling exercise resulted in moderate-to-large improvements in cognitive processing speed (d = 0.53), fatigue severity (d = −0.92), fatigue impact (d = −0.45 to −0.68), and pain symptoms (d = −0.67). The effect of the intervention on cognitive performance resulted in a clinically meaningful change, based on established criteria.

Conclusions:
We provide preliminary evidence for the benefits of FES cycling exercise on cognition and symptoms of fatigue and pain. Appropriately powered randomized controlled trials of FES cycling exercise are necessary to determine its efficacy for people with MS.
The activities of factory «Prowodnik» in Riga and its employees – graduates of the Riga Polytechnicum / Riga Polytechnic Institute
Authors: Zigmunde Alīda , Šapovalovs Oļegs 
Published: November 2018

The article gives an overview of the activities of rubber, gutta-percha and telegraph factory «Prowodnik» in Riga, founded in 1888. Before the First World War, the factory was one of the four largest rubber factories in the world. During the First World War, in 1915, the factory was evacuated to Moscow, in 1918, it was expropriated. In 1921, the shareholders decided to re-establish «Prowodnik» in its old premises in Riga, but the economic situation had changed. For some years it operated as a woodworking factory (1925–1935), but it never reached the boom it had experienced at the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. At the end of the 1930s the factory was liquidated. The alumni of the Riga Polytechnicum (RP) and Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) who had given significant input in its achievements have been identified by the authors of this article.
Recognition and treatment of mood dysregulation in adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Noel Jason 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMood dysregulation is a common feature in the psychopathology of people with intellectual disability (ID) and co-occurring behavioral/psychiatric disorders. It can present with a host of dangerous behaviors, including aggression, self-injury, and property damage. There are special techniques that are used to assess these behaviors in people with ID, that can eventually inform an appropriate approach to pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment. Two case studies are presented that illustrate the elements in the assessment and treatment of mood dysregulation in ID.
Pharmacologic management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of major neurocognitive disorder
Authors: Mathys Monica 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) occur in approximately 80% of patients who receive a diagnosis of major neurocognitive disorder. Nonpharmacologic strategies are the first-line treatment for BPSD. However, psychotropic medications are often necessary when nonpharmacologic methods are not effective in treating symptoms that are distressing or are causing behaviors that are dangerous to the patient or the patient's caregivers. The article provides a review of evidence-based recommendations for the use of antipsychotics, cognitive enhancers, and serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of BPSD. Different pharmacologic approaches are demonstrated through 2 patient cases in which nonpharmacologic management was not effective. The severity of BPSD must be weighed against the risks and benefits of pharmacologic intervention in order to implement an optimal medication regimen.
Clozapine-induced myocarditis: Two case reports and review of clinical presentation and recognition
Authors: Sackey Bryan K. , Moore Troy A. , Cupples Nicole L. , Gutierrez Cynthia A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Myocarditis is a potentially fatal cardiac disease marked by inflammation of the heart muscle. With a noted black-box warning, rates of clozapine-induced myocarditis are reportedly as high as 3%. Since the first case of clozapine-induced myocarditis was documented in 1994, more than 250 cases have been described in literature with an approximate 33% case-fatality rate. We report 2 cases of patients with primary psychotic disorders treated with clozapine, who developed signs and symptoms of myocarditis. The first was a 35-year-old white male patient with a primary diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder (bipolar type) who was initiated on clozapine after nonresponse to several therapies. On day 26, the patient was admitted to the emergency department for chest pain presenting with eosinophilia and notable elevations in several biomarkers, including troponin and C-reactive protein. The second patient was a 45-year-old black male who was initiated on clozapine for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. On day 13, the patient reported cardiac-related concerns (tachycardia) and flu-like symptoms resulting in hospitalization. Similarly, this patient demonstrated elevated biomarkers (troponin and creatine kinase). Both patients experienced resolution of symptoms after discontinuation of clozapine. Clozapine was not rechallenged for either patient. Review of literature further elucidates the relationship between clozapine and myocarditis, including potential risk factors, pathophysiology, and symptom presentation. Due to the potentially fatal nature of this condition, clinical vigilance and awareness is warranted upon initiation of clozapine through monitoring of symptoms along with cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers as indicated.
Clozapine-induced myocarditis in an adolescent male with DiGeorge Syndrome
Authors: Ruhe Ann Marie , Qureshi Imran , Procaccini David 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
DiGeorge Syndrome (22q11.2 deletion syndrome) is a chromosomal disorder associated with both congenital heart malformations and schizophrenia, which is often treatment-resistant and may warrant treatment with clozapine. Clozapine-induced myocarditis (CIM) is a rare complication of clozapine therapy, with a reported incidence ranging from 0.015% to 3%. Fulminant CIM has a nonspecific presentation in both adult and pediatric populations and a mortality rate approaching 50%. Few cases of pediatric CIM have been documented in the literature. This report highlights a case of CIM in an adolescent male with DiGeorge Syndrome whose clinical course was characterized by a subtle, nonspecific presentation and resolution with supportive care.
The Parkinson's progression markers initiative (PPMI) – establishing a PD biomarker cohort
Authors: Marek Kenneth , Chowdhury Sohini , Siderowf Andrew , Lasch Shirley , Coffey Christopher S. , Caspell‐Garcia Chelsea , Simuni Tanya , Jennings Danna , Tanner Caroline M. , Trojanowski John Q. , Shaw Leslie M. , Seibyl John , Schuff Norbert , Singleton Andrew , Kieburtz Karl , Toga Arthur W. , Mollenhauer Brit , Galasko Doug , Chahine Lana M. , Weintraub Daniel , Foroud Tatiana , Tosun‐Turgut Duygu , Poston Kathleen , Arnedo Vanessa , Frasier Mark , Sherer Todd ,   the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) is an observational, international study designed to establish biomarker‐defined cohorts and identify clinical, imaging, genetic, and biospecimen Parkinson's disease (PD) progression markers to accelerate disease‐modifying therapeutic trials.MethodsA total of 423 untreated PD, 196 Healthy Control (HC) and 64 SWEDD (scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit) subjects were enrolled at 24 sites. To enroll PD subjects as early as possible following diagnosis, subjects were eligible with only asymmetric bradykinesia or tremor plus a dopamine transporter (DAT) binding deficit on SPECT imaging. Acquisition of data was standardized as detailed at www.ppmi-info.org.ResultsApproximately 9% of enrolled subjects had a single PD sign at baseline. DAT imaging excluded 16% of potential PD subjects with SWEDD. The total MDS‐UPDRS for PD was 32.4 compared to 4.6 for HC and 28.2 for SWEDD. On average, PD subjects demonstrated 45% and 68% reduction in mean striatal and contralateral putamen Specific Binding Ratios (SBR), respectively. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was acquired from >97% of all subjects. CSF (PD/HC/SWEDD pg/mL) α‐synuclein (1845/2204/2141) was reduced in PD vs HC or SWEDD (P < 0.03). Similarly, t‐tau (45/53) and p‐tau (16/18) were reduced in PD versus HC (P < 0.01),InterpretationPPMI has detailed the biomarker signature for an early PD cohort defined by clinical features and imaging biomarkers. This strategy provides the framework to establish biomarker cohorts and to define longitudinal progression biomarkers to support future PD treatment trials.
Direct Reductive Amination of Carbonyl Compounds with H2 Using Heterogeneous Catalysts in Continuous Flow as an Alternative to N‐Alkylation with Alkyl Halides
Authors: Laroche Benjamin , Ishitani Haruro , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA general continuous‐flow procedure for direct reductive amination of secondary and primary amines with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes as well as ketones is reported. The use of hydrogen gas and commercially available Pt/C as a heterogeneous catalyst is a key. In addition to exhibiting an excellent functional group tolerance, this method allows the fast formation of C−N bonds without production of any hazardous chemical waste. Applications to the synthesis of key intermediates toward active pharmaceutical ingredients (Donepezil and Arformoterol/Tamsulosin) are also described.magnified image
Iodine‐Optimized Interface for Inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cell to Attain High Stabilized Efficiency Exceeding 14%
Authors: Zhang Jingru , Jin Zhiwen , Liang Lei , Wang Haoran , Bai Dongliang , Bian Hui , Wang Kang , Wang Qian , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecently, inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite is attracting ever‐increasing attention for its outstanding optoelectronic properties and ambient phase stability. Here, an efficient CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cell (PSC) is developed by: 1) using a dimension‐grading heterojunction based on a quantum dots (QDs)/bulk film structure, and 2) post‐treatment of the CsPbI2Br QDs/film with organic iodine salt to form an ultrathin iodine‐ion–enriched perovskite layer on the top of the perovskite film. It is found that the above procedures generate proper band edge bending for improved carrier collection, resulting in effectively decreased recombination loss and improved hole extraction efficiency. Meanwhile, the organic capping layer from the iodine salt also surrounds the QDs and tunes the surface chemistry for further improved charge transport at the interface. As a result, the champion device achieves long‐term stabilized power conversion efficiency beyond 14%.
Neural basis of induced phantom limb pain relief
Authors: Kikkert Sanne , Mezue Melvin , O'Shea Jacinta , Henderson Slater David , Johansen‐Berg Heidi , Tracey Irene , Makin Tamar R. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivePhantom limb pain (PLP) is notoriously difficult to treat, partly due to an incomplete understanding of PLP‐related disease mechanisms. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is used to modulate plasticity in various neuropathological diseases, including chronic pain. Although NIBS can alleviate neuropathic pain (including PLP), both disease and treatment mechanisms remain tenuous. Insight into the mechanisms underlying both PLP and NIBS‐induced PLP relief is needed for future implementation of such treatment and generalization to related conditions.MethodsWe used a within‐participants, double‐blind, and sham‐controlled design to alleviate PLP via task‐concurrent NIBS over the primary sensorimotor missing hand cortex (S1/M1). To specifically influence missing hand signal processing, amputees performed phantom hand movements during anodal transcranial direct current stimulation. Brain activity was monitored using neuroimaging during and after NIBS. PLP ratings were obtained throughout the week after stimulation.ResultsA single session of intervention NIBS significantly relieved PLP, with effects lasting at least 1 week. PLP relief associated with reduced activity in the S1/M1 missing hand cortex after stimulation. Critically, PLP relief and reduced S1/M1 activity correlated with preceding activity changes during stimulation in the mid‐ and posterior insula and secondary somatosensory cortex (S2).InterpretationThe observed correlation between PLP relief and decreased S1/M1 activity confirms our previous findings linking PLP with increased S1/M1 activity. Our results further highlight the driving role of the mid‐ and posterior insula, as well as S2, in modulating PLP. Lastly, our novel PLP intervention using task‐concurrent NIBS opens new avenues for developing treatment for PLP and related pain conditions. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:59–73.
Synthesis of silane‐modified polyphosphate esters and its application in transparent flame‐retardant coatings
Authors: Tian Caiyun , Wang Congying , Ren Xiaoni , Hong Ling 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTPolyphosphate ester (PPAE) made from poly(phosphoric acid), pentaerythritol, and 1,3‐butylene glycol has been synthesized. The PPAE reacted with dimethyldichlorosilane (DMDCS) to improve its thermal stability and flame retardancy. Four silane‐modified polyphosphate esters (SiPPAEs) were obtained. FTIR, 31P NMR, and 29Si NMR results showed that the SiCl bond of DMDCS could react with the COH and POH bonds of PPAE, producing SiOC and POSi bond in SiPPAEs. Different transparent coatings were obtained by mixing the PPAE and SiPPAEs with amino resin. The results of TGA showed that the stability of SiPPAEs was higher than that of PPAE. With the increase of silane content, the thermal stability of the coating increased. As the silane content increased within a certain range, the fire resistance and expansion coefficient increased. But too high silane content had adverse effects on the expansion and reduced the overall insulation effect. The digital photos and SEM/EDX microphotographs of coatings after combustion showed that silica segments could enriched in the surface to form a hard protective layer to prevent further degradation of the char layer. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47199.
Gold nanoparticle conjugated poly(p‐phenylene‐β‐cyclodextrin)‐graft‐poly(ethylene glycol) for theranostic applications
Authors: Barlas F.B. , Celikbas E. , Arslan M. , Timur S. , Yagci Y. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTFluorescent conjugated polymers gained interest in the last decades for both imaging and targeting tumor cells for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In the light of this objective conjugated poly(p‐phenylene) possessing β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) units in the main chain and poly(ethylene glycol) side chains is used as an imaging and therapeutic agent to target U87 and Vero cells. Additionally, imaging quality and therapy efficiency of the bare graft copolymer and its gold nanoparticle (AuNP) conjugated form were investigated and compared. It is observed that β‐CD is effective not only for the imaging of the tumor cells, but also as a radiotherapy agent. Conjugation of the polymer with the AuNPs provides significant improvement in the therapeutic efficiency. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47250.
Nanoindentation analysis of 3D printed poly(lactic acid)‐based composites reinforced with graphene and multiwall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Batakliev Todor , Georgiev Vladimir , Ivanov Evgeni , Kotsilkova Rumiana , Di Maio Rosa , Silvestre Clara , Cimmino Sossio 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTInfluences of different nanocomposite loadings in poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix on resulting hardness and elasticity were examined in nanoindentation experiments. The following study was focused on the nanomechanical properties of PLA reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by using Berkovich type pyramidal nanoindenter. A masterbatch strategy was developed to disperse GNP and MWCNT into PLA by melt blending. Young's modulus and nanohardness of as‐prepared nanocomposites were characterized as a function of the graphene and carbon nanotubes loading. The nanoindentation analysis reveals that these carbon nanofillers improve the mechanical stability of the nanocomposites GNP/PLA, MWCNT/PLA, and GNP/MWCNT/PLA. That improvement of mechanical properties strongly depends on the fillers content. It was found that the best mechanical performance was achieved for the compound having 6 wt % graphene and 6 wt % MWCNTs in the PLA matrix. The received values for nanohardness and Young's modulus are among the highest reported for PLA‐based nanocomposites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47260.
Fabrication of hollow and porous polystyrene fibrous membranes by electrospinning combined with freeze‐drying for oil removal from water
Authors: Tang Yufei , Liu Zhaowei , Zhao Kang 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTA novel method was proposed to fabricate hollow and surface porous polystyrene (PS) fibrous membranes for the removal of oil from water. Spinning solutions were prepared by using camphene and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as pore‐forming agents, and hollow PS fibers with 100–400 nm pores on the surface were fabricated by electrospinning and freeze‐drying. The distribution and volatilization of camphene and TEOS, as well as the drying behavior of solvents in high relative humidity, were important factors in forming the porous structure of PS fibers. The specific surface area of obtained PS fibrous membranes was twice that of conventional electrospun PS fibrous membranes and displayed superhydrophobic properties. Moreover, the large adsorption storage space was formed due to the hollow structure and porous surface of PS fibers. The maximum oil adsorption capacity of the porous PS fibrous membrane was 105.4 g g−1, and was larger than that of the conventional PS fibrous membrane after repeated five times, thus making it a promising tool for oil spill cleanups. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47262.
Catalytic Deuterium Evolution and H/D Exchange in DNA
Authors: Dorčák Vlastimil , Paleček Emil 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecently, it has been shown that DNA catalyzes the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at mercury‐containing electrodes, which provide voltammetric and chronopotentiometric stripping (CPS) peaks
, allowing label‐free DNA determination at very low concentrations. Here, we compared DNA catalytic HER in H2O with catalytic deuterium evolution reaction (DER) in D2O. We show that in D2O single‐stranded (ss) and double‐stranded (ds) DNAs produced CPS peaks
due to DER. Compared to peaks
obtained in H2O, peaks
were smaller and appeared at more negative potentials. Under conditions where dsDNA did not produce any peak
in D2O, this DNA produced in H2O peak
. These results suggested a lack of accessible bases in the D2O surface‐attached dsDNA. This might be attributed to the greater stability of deuterated dsDNA, better resisting the electric field effects at the negatively charged interface. The process of protonation of deuterated ssDNA was very fast in contrast to that of dsDNA, which was much slower and could be followed by CPS in a time range of tens of minutes.
Insights into the Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Mechanism on Two‐Dimensional Transition‐Metal Carbonitrides (MXene)
Authors: Huang Bin , Zhou Naigen , Chen Xingzhu , Ong Wee‐Jun , Li Neng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDeveloping highly active, non‐noble‐metal H2‐evolution catalysts is appealing yet still remains a great challenge in the field of electrocatalytic and photocatalytic H2 production. In this work, high quality transition‐metal carbonitrides M3CN (MXene) are investigated using well‐defined density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The structural configurations, H‐adsorption free energy (ΔGH) and charge transfer for bare, surface‐terminated and transition‐metal (TM)‐modified M3CNO2 are systematically studied. The calculated results indicate that all bare transition metal carbonitrides exhibit strong binding between H atom and catalysts. In addition, only Ti3CNO2 and Nb3CNO2 have the potential to be HER active catalysts based on the ΔGH results. In an attempt to overcome poor HER activity limitations, we apply O as well as OH mixed groups and TMs modification on the Ti3CNO2 surface for tuning HER activity, and a significant improvement of HER activity is observed. Overall, this work presents in‐depth investigations for transition‐metal carbonitrides (MXene) and opens up new designs for robust metal carbonitrides as noble‐metal‐free cocatalysts for highly efficient and low‐cost MXene‐based nanocomposites for water splitting applications.