bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POLÍTICA AGRARIA Y ESTRATEGIA DE DESARROLLO CUBANAS. RETOS PARA EL COOPERATIVISMO
Authors: García Pedraza Lienny , García Ruiz Jaime , Donéstevez Sánchez Grizel 
Published: December 2018

El cooperativismo en Cuba se vio potenciado a partir del triunfo de la Revolución el 1 de enero de 1959. A pesar de que el país adoptó la vía de la estatalización como vía de socialización socialista. Apostó por la unidad y cooperación del movimiento campesino cubano para la producción y la prestación de servicios. Por tanto el problema agrario fue siempre parte de la estrategia de desarrollo de Cuba. Los años recorridos por el cooperativismo agrario y la ampliación del cooperativismo a nuevas esferas de la producción y los servicios; complejizan el escenario actual y plantea nuevos retos. Esto último pone a la luz la necesidad de mirar el devenir del cooperativismo en Cuba y las políticas que han favorecido o dificultado su desarrollo; sin olvidar la importancia de la participación de los sujetos en la formulación de las mismas. Por ese motivo el presente trabajo pretende caracterizar las acciones del Estado cubano en la potenciación del cooperativismo e identificar sus principales retos en materia de Políticas Públicas. Lo anterior fue posible a partir de una revisión bibliográfica amplia y un análisis de documentos (Leyes, Decretos) que permiten validar el análisis bibliográfico realizado e identificar los retos para el cooperativismo en el nuevo contexto de actualización del modelo de desarrollo del país.
The effects of oxidative stress on the development of atherosclerosis
Authors: Khosravi Mohsen , Poursaleh Adeleh , Ghasempour Ghasem , Farhad Shaikhnia , Najafi Mohammad 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) known widely world wide. Several hypothesizes are suggested to be involved in the narrowing of arteries during process of atherogenesis. The oxidative modification hypothesis is related to oxidative and anti-oxidative imbalance and is the most investigated. The aim of this study was to review the role of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis. Furthermore, it describes the roles of oxidative/anti-oxidative enzymes and compounds in the macromolecular and lipoprotein modifications and in triggering inflammatory events. The reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are the most important endogenous sources produced by non-enzymatic and enzymatic [myeloperoxidase (MPO), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADH) oxidase and lipoxygenase (LO)] reactions that may be balanced with anti-oxidative compounds [glutathione (GSH), polyphenols and vitamins] and enzymes [glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), peroxiredoxins (Prdx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and paraoxonase (PON)]. However, the oxidative and anti-oxidative imbalance causes the involvement of cellular proliferation and migration signaling pathways and macrophage polarization leads to the formation of atherogenic plaques. On the other hand, the immune occurrences and the changes in extra cellular matrix remodeling can develop atherosclerosis process.
Menthol Stereoisomers Exhibit Different Effects on α4β2 nAChR Upregulation and Dopamine Neuron Spontaneous Firing
Authors: Henderson Brandon J. , Grant Stephen , Wong Betty K. , Shahoei Rezvan , Huard Stephanie M. , Saladi Shyam S. M. , Tajkhorshid Emad , Dougherty Dennis A. , Lester Henry A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMenthol contributes to poor cessation rates among smokers, in part because menthol enhances nicotine reward and reinforcement. Mentholated tobacco products contain (−)-menthol and (+)-menthol, in varying proportions. We examined these two menthol stereoisomers for their ability to upregulate α4β2 nAChRs and to alter dopamine neuron firing frequency using long-term, low-dose (≤500 nm) exposure that is pharmacologically relevant to smoking. We found that (−)-menthol upregulates α4β2 nAChRs while (+)-menthol does not. We also found that (−)-menthol decreases dopamine neuron baseline firing and dopamine neuron excitability, while (+)-menthol exhibits no effect. We then examined both stereoisomers for their ability to inhibit α4β2 nAChR function at higher concentrations (>10 µm) using theXenopusoocyte expression system. To probe for the potential binding site of menthol, we conducted flooding simulations and site-directed mutagenesis. We found that menthol likely binds to the 9´ position on the TM2 (transmembrane M2) helix. We found that menthol inhibition is dependent on the end-to-end distance of the side chain at the 9´ residue. Additionally, we have found that (−)-menthol is only modestly (∼25%) more potent than (+)-menthol at inhibiting wild-type α4β2 nAChRs and a series of L9´ mutant nAChRs. These data reveal that menthol exhibits a stereoselective effect on nAChRs and that the stereochemical effect is much greater for long-term, submicromolar exposure in mice than for acute, higher-level exposure. We hypothesize that of the two menthol stereoisomers, only (−)-menthol plays a role in enhancing nicotine reward through nAChRs on dopamine neurons.
El estilo neomedieval veneciano en la historia de la arquitectura chilena (1906-1916)
Authors: Morán José Alberto Moráis 
Published: December 2018

Este trabajo analiza la aplicación del término estilístico neomedieval veneciano a ciertos edificios construidos por los arquitectos Ettore Petri, Arnado Barison y Renato Schiavon, en Valparaíso y Viña del Mar (Chile), durante los años 1906 y 1916. Se valora el carácter ambiguo de este concepto asumido por la historiografía, defendiendo la imposibilidad de considerar sus construcciones como meras evocaciones positivistas de la arquitectura medieval de Venecia. Al contrario, se describe un fenómeno más complejo y rico, basado en el uso de modelos edilicios de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, contrayendo una visión idealizada de la Edad Media, a partir del conocimiento de los diseños y textos de John Ruskin y Camillo Boito y la inspiración en construcciones medievales fuertemente restauradas. *** O estilo veneziano neo-medieval na história da arquitetura chilena (1906-1916) ***Este artigo analisa a aplicação do termo estilístico neomedieval veneziano a certos edifícios construídos pelos arquitetos Ettore Petri, Arnado Barison e Renato Schiavon, em Valparaíso e Viña del Mar (Chile), nos anos de 1906 e 1916. O caráter ambíguo deste conceito, assumido pela historiografia, é investigado, defendendo a impossibilidade de considerar suas construções como meros evocações positivistas da arquitetura medieval de Veneza. Pelo contrário, é descrito um fenômeno mais complexo e rico, baseado no uso de modelos de construção do final do século XIX e início do século XX. Este fenômeno foi concebido numa visão idealizada da Idade Média, baseada no conhecimento dos desenhos e textos de John Ruskin e Camillo Boito e a inspiração em construções medievais fortemente restauradas.Palavras-chave: neomedieval; gótico veneziano; palácio; Petri; Barison; Schiavon.
KONTEKSTUALITAS AYAT-AYAT HUKUM WAKAF DI INDONESIA
Authors: Hasanah Neneng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWaqf is a form of worship by separating some of our belongings to be used as common property, for the benefit of Muslims or people in general. In order to make waqf’s benefits more applicable and accessible for all, the management must be maximally monitored. With innovative management and intensive supervision, waqf is expected to become productive and empower the mauquf ‘alaih (waqf eligible receiver) and make them independent economically, health and education. With the library research method and content analysis on the interpretation of related al-Quran verses, none explicitly mentions the word waqf. But the Islamic scholars have agreed that infaq and shadaqah jariyah is the essence of waqf. Waqf are long-lasting infaq and shadaqah jariyah, as long as the asset is still used then the reward still flows to `wakif even though he has passed away.Keywords:waqf, productive waqf, Indonesian Waqf Board AbstrakWakaf merupakan satu bentuk ibadah dengan cara memisahkan sebagian harta benda yang kita miliki untuk dijadikan harta milik umum, yang akan diambil manfaatnya bagi kepentingan umat islam atau manusia pada umumnya. Agar keberadaan wakaf dan hasil­nya dapat dirasakan oleh semua lapisan masyarakat, maka pengelolaan dan pengawasannya harus diberdayakan dan diawasi secara maksimal. Dengan cara-cara pengelolaan yang bersifat inovatif dan pengawasan/ monitoring secara intensif yang kemudian wakaf tersebut menjadi produktif sehingga berdaya guna dan menjadikan para mauquf ‘alaih menjadi mandiri secara ekonomi, kesehatan dan pendidikannya. Dengan metode library research dan content analysis terhadap penafsiran beberapa ayat Al-Quran yang terkait, tidak satupun secara eksplisit menyebutkan kata wakaf. Tetapi para ulama fiqih sudah sepakat bahwa infaq dan shadaqah jariyah yang dimaksud intinya adalah wakaf, karena wakaf adalah infaq dan shadaqah jariyah yang bertahan lama, selama harta tersebut masih digunakan maka pahalanya tetap mengalir kepada`si wakif sekalipun ia sudah meninggal dunia.Kata Kunci:wakaf, wakaf produktif, Badan Wakaf Indonesia
Prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout en residentes de especialidades médicas
Authors: Jácome Sandra Jimena , Villaquiran-Hurtado Andrés Felipe , García Claudia Patricia , Duque Iván Leonardo 
Published: December 2018

Introducción: La alta carga de actividades académico asistenciales durante la residencia de medicina, pueden generar un estado de desgaste de tipo ocupacional por causa del estrés psicológico y emocional. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout en residentes de especialidades médicas de una universidad pública en el departamento del Cauca- Colombia. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, realizado en 40 estudiantes de residencia médica, en quienes se estableció la presencia de agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y realización personal, dominios evaluados por el Test Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey, instrumento que evalúa la prevalencia de síndrome de Burnout. Resultados: En una población de residentes de medicina compuesta por hombres en un 55%, se encontró que la razón de prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout fue del 0,9 y estuvo presente en el 47,5% de los participantes, El 42,5% presentaban cansancio emocional, el 55% presentaron baja despersonalización y solo la mitad reportaron estar en un alto nivel de realización personal, Discusión: La presencia de altos niveles de agotamiento emocional tiene un valor decisorio para la presencia del síndrome de Burnout en la población de residentes médicos similar a lo reportado en diferentes estudios en médicos y especialistas. Conclusiones: Existe una alta prevalencia de síndrome de Burnout en residentes de medicina con mayor compromiso en el sexo femenino y la edad menor de 35 años.Como citar este artículo: Jácome SJ, Villaquiran-Hurtado A, García CP, Duque IL. Prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout en residentes de especialidades médicas. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(1): e543. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i1.543
Acute coronary syndrome in young patients: clinical features and risk factors
Authors: Ponomarenko I. V. , Sukmanova I. A. , Elykomov V. A. 
Published: December 2018

Aim. To study the clinical features and risk factors (RF) associated with the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in young patients.Material and methods. The study included 474 patients with ACS. Depending on age, patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of 299 patients of young age (25-44 years), the comparison group consisted of 175 patients of mean and old age (45-74 years). Clinical and anamnestic data, parameters of general clinical and biochemical tests, electrocardiography, echocardiography and coronary angiography were determined in all patients, and polymorphisms in FII G20210-A, FV G1691-A, MTHFR C677-T genes were determined in 116 patients. The control group consisted of 53 healthy volunteers.Results. ACS in patients <45 years old is most common in men. The number of women with ACS increases as elder patient is. The incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and unstable angina, ST-elevated MI and non ST-segment elevation MI, Q-wave and non-Q-wave MI had no differences between patients of the younger and older age groups. In younger patients, anterior localization of myocardial infarction was more common, in mean and old patients — posterior. Complications of MI in young patients were less common than in the comparison group. In patients of mean and old ages, acute coronary event was preceded by a clinic of angina, in young patients most often it was the debut of coronary artery disease. It was revealed that single-vessel coronary lesion is more characteristic for young patients, for the elderly patients — two-vessel and multi-vessel. Pathology of the anterior descending coronary artery prevailed in both groups of patients. Most patients in both groups underwent myocardial revascularization. MI as a result of coronary artery thrombosis happened more often in young patients. The most significant RF associated with the ACS development were: increased total cholesterol and low density lipoproteins, decreased high density lipoproteins, increased body mass index, smoking, polymorphism of MTHFR-homozygote, hereditary tainted with smoking, aggravation in combination with F5-homozygote, hereditary tainted in combination with MTHFR-homozygote, hereditary tainted in combination with smoking and MTHFR homozygote.Conclusion. We identified clinical features and RF, mostly associated with the development of ACS in patients <45 years of age. The results can serve as additional indicators showed the risk of ACS development.
Dynamics of magnesemia levels, structural-functional heart parameters and arrhythmia syndrome features in patients with myocardial infarction and undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia against the background of drug correction with magnesium
Authors: Miroshnichenko E. P. , Ushakov A. V. 
Published: December 2018

Aim.To assess the relationship of serum magnesium levels with the structural-functional heart parameters and the arrhythmic syndrome features in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) against the background of drug correction with magnesium.Material and methods.The study included 112 patients with Q-wave MI. Group I (n=22) consisted of patients with MI and UCTD, who, in addition to the standard basic therapy, from 1st day of IM took the magnesium drug. Group II (n=30) — patients with MI and UCTD who received only basic therapy. Group III (n=60) — patients with MI without UCTD who received standard basic therapy. The control group (n=32) — patients without cardiovascular pathology and without UCTD. For assessment we used clinical and phenotypic examinations, echocardiography and daily monitoring of the electrocardiogram, determination of serum magnesium level in the course of MI.Results.We observed a decrease in serum magnesium level in patients with MI in all study groups on the 1st day of MI. Moreover, this tendency persisted for 28 days in the II and III groups. In the first group of patients against the background of the medical correction, an increase in the magnesium level was observed by the 28th day of MI. MI patients with UCTD revealed a more pronounced increase of left ventricular cavity dimensions, a decrease in its pumping ability. We also noted a tendency to a less pronounced increase in the left ventricular mass index compared with the group of patients with MI without UCTD. In addition, the development of MI in patients with UCTD compared with patients without UCTD is characterized by a higher frequency of paroxysmal supraventricular rhythm disturbances and paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. Magnesium addition to MI treatment in patients with UCTD reduces the frequency of supraventricular arrhythmias.Conclusion.In patients with MI, which occur on the background of UCTD, the initially existing hypomagnesaemia is associated with the development of a disadaptive version of the post-infarction cardiac remodeling. Magnesium use in patients with MI and UCTD helps to reduce the severity of hypomagnesaemia and the frequency of supraventricular cardiac rhythm disorders.
A Phase II Study of S-1 and Paclitaxel Combination Therapy as a First-Line Treatment in Elderly Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yoshimura Akihiro , Chihara Yusuke , Date Koji , Tamiya Nobuyo , Takemura Yoshizumi , Imabayashi Tatsuya , Kaneko Yoshiko , Yamada Tadaaki , Ueda Mikio , Arimoto Taichiro , Uchino Junji , Iwasaki Yoshinobu , Takayama Koichi 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Lessons Learned
Coadministration of S-1 and paclitaxel in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer showed favorable efficacy. Coadministration of S-1 and paclitaxel in elderly patients with advanced non-small lung cancer showed tolerable toxicity.

Background
Although monotherapy with cytotoxic agents including docetaxel or vinorelbine are recommended for elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the outcome is not satisfactory. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of S-1 and paclitaxel (PTX) as a first-line cotreatment in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC.

Methods
Oral S-1 was administered on days 1–14 every 3 weeks at 80, 100, and 120 mg per day for patients with body surface area &lt; 1.25 m2, 1.25–1.5 m2, and &gt; 1.5 m2, respectively. PTX was administered at 80 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8. The primary endpoint was response rate, and secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety.

Results
Seventeen patients were enrolled with response and disease control rates of 47.1% and 88.2%, respectively. Median PFS and OS were 5.6 and 35.0 months, respectively. Hematological grade 3 or 4 toxicities included leukopenia (55.8%), neutropenia (52.9%), febrile neutropenia (11.8%), and anemia (11.8%). Nonhematological grade 3 toxicities included stomatitis (23.5%), diarrhea (5.9%), and interstitial lung disease (5.9%), and grade 5 toxicities included interstitial lung disease (5.9%).

Conclusion
This S-1 and PTX cotherapy dose and schedule showed satisfactory efficacy with mild toxicities in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC.
Strong Girls, Strong Women
Authors: Starr Rochelle 
Published: December 2018

Young Indigenous Women’s Circle of Leadership (YIWCL) is a Cree Immersion Program for young women between the ages of 10-16 and is housed within the Faculty of Education, at the University of Alberta. The intention of this program is to support the survival of Indigenous language, identity and traditional teachings by providing young women with access to language, traditions, ceremonies, and land.
I am Mountain
Authors: Moore Sarah Jane 
Published: December 2018

The story of kunanyi, a mountain in Tasmania, Australia that has great significance for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples described in poetry, story and painting. Hearing words and stories from First Nations perspectives in Tasmania has inspired me to compose and share a song that embodies the creative spirit of the trees, the moon and the stars and sings of the creatures and ancestral spirits that live alongside the mountain. The mountain’s story song shares moments that begin on the mountain, travel down the river and carry meaning into the sea.
Modeling of Situation Response Time in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network
Authors: AKINYEDE Raphael 
Published: December 2018

<p class="Text"><strong>—<em> </em></strong>In Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs), wireless-equipped vehicles form a network spontaneously while traveling along the road. The direct wireless transmission from vehicle to vehicle makes it possible for them to communicate even where there is no telecommunication infrastructure; this emerging new technology provide ubiquitous connectivity to vehicular nodes while on the move, The main idea is to provide ubiquitous connectivity to vehicular nodes while on the move, and to create efficient vehicle-to-vehicle communications that enable the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). This is achieved by allowing nodes within certain ranges to connect with each other in order to exchange information. Since accident happens in split seconds, to avoid communication inefficiency, there is need for this information to get to the intended vehicle on time. To solve this problem, this work models each vehicle in a chain of others and how it responds to the traffic around it using Microscopic (also known as car-following) method for modeling traffic flow; driver- to-driver and driver-to-road interactions within a traffic stream and the interaction between a driver and another driver on road were considered. The essence of this modeling is to determine the minimum response time required for a vehicle in VANET to respond and communicate situations on the road. A simulated scenario was carried out for two vehicles, a leading vehicle and following vehicle. The result shows that with an average of 32 meters apart with average difference in velocity of 1.23m/s, a minimum of 0.9secs is required for efficient situation response communication to ensue between them.</p>
The New Age Of Cybersecurity Privacy, Criminal Procedure And Cyber Corporate Ethics
Authors: Morrow Paul J. 
Published: December 2018

This paper reviews cybersecurity and the new criminal procedure standards of searches and seizures based on the perspectives of probable cause in the digital age involving cell phones. Also, this paper examines the civil corporate policy perspectives involving data breaches as the topic relates to the consumer using social media and provides guidance for executives to enact proper and responsible corporate policies navigating the new cybersecurity landscape in the post - Carpenter vs. U.S. era.
Reading this paper is worth your time because: (1) you will learn the new cybercrimes legal standards involved with cyber-privacy and the criminal process which is necessary to develop director competencies; (2) you will gain knowledge which is the key to proposing ethical systems within the corporation required by law; (3) moving forward, we are at a critical point in America and good guidance is vitally important.