bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic hydroxyapatite as potential polymeric nanocarrier for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ain Quratul , Zeeshan Mahira , Khan Salman , Ali Hussain 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology with much higher prevalence in world's population. RA is initially associated with inflammation of joints and cartilages that ultimately leads to their destruction thus requiring a therapeutic intervention. The available conventional therapeutic strategies for RA are not satisfactory because of the associated side effects such as toxicity, delayed action, and dependence. Therefore, a carrier system is required that should deliver the drug to the target site with minimal side effects. In this connection, nanocarrier systems are of prime importance because of the associated benefits such as their nano‐scaled size, targeted drug delivery, and reduced toxicity that can improve the patient's compliance. Moreover, in the past few decades, nano‐particulate‐based drug delivery approaches that have been investigated for the treatment of RA include ceramics, polymers, and hydrogels. Among these nanocarrier systems, ceramics like hydroxyapatite have gathered striking attention due to their bioactive, biocompatible, and bio‐conductive characteristics. Nano‐sized hydroxyapatite (HA) permeates the bone tissues and serves as a source of calcium phosphates required for bone repairing that are damaged during disease process. The aim of this review article is to highlight the potential use of HA as nanocarrier for anti‐rheumatic drugs as well its possible effect on bone remodeling.
Cytokine-Induced and Stretch-Induced Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Production by Enthesis Cells Could Favor Abnormal Ossification in Spondyloarthritis
Authors: El Jamal Alaeddine , Briolay Anne , Mebarek Saida , Le Goff Benoit , Blanchard Frédéric , Magne David , Brizuela Leyre , Bougault Carole 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a common rheumatic disease characterized by enthesis inflammation (enthesitis) and ectopic ossification (enthesophytes). The current pathogenesis model suggests that inflammation and mechanical stress are both strongly involved in SpA pathophysiology. We have previously observed that the levels of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a bone anabolic molecule, were particularly high in SpA patients' serum compared to healthy donors. Therefore, we wondered how this deregulation was related to SpA molecular mechanisms. Mouse primary osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and tenocytes were used as cell culture models. The sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) gene expression and S1P secretion were significantly enhanced by cyclic stretch in osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Further, TNF-α and IL-17, cytokines implicated in enthesitis, increased Sphk1 mRNA in chondrocytes in an additive manner when combined to stretch. The immunochemistry on mouse ankles showed that sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) was localized in some chondrocytes; the addition of a pro-inflammatory cocktail augmented Sphk1 expression in cultured ankles. Subsequently, fingolimod was used to block S1P metabolism in cell cultures. It inhibited S1P receptors (S1PRs) signaling and SK1 and SK2 activity in both osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Fingolimod also reduced S1PR-induced activation by SpA patients' synovial fluid (SF), demonstrating that the stimulation of chondrocytes by SFs from SpA patients involves S1P. In addition, when the osteogenic culture medium was supplemented with fingolimod, alkaline phosphatase activity, matrix mineralization, and bone formation markers were significantly reduced in osteoblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes. Osteogenic differentiation was accompanied by an increase in S1prs mRNA, especially S1P1/3, but their contribution to S1P-impact on mineralization seemed limited. Our results suggest that S1P might be overproduced in SpA enthesis in response to cytokines and mechanical stress, most likely by chondrocytes. Moreover, S1P could locally favor the abnormal ossification of the enthesis; therefore, blocking the S1P metabolic pathway could be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of SpA. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Promise Initiative: Promoting a trauma‐informed police response to sexual assault in a mid‐size Southern community
Authors: Lathan Emma , Langhinrichsen‐Rohling Jennifer , Duncan Jessica , Stefurak James “Tres” 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsA mixed‐methods study details a multidisciplinary team's efforts to assess and transform police response to sexual assault in a mid‐size community.MethodA police department‐wide survey (n = 331) determined baseline levels of officer exposure to trauma‐informed training, rape myth acceptance, and awareness of community and nationwide sexual assault movements to understand officer attitudes towards factors influencing sexual assault investigations. These data, in conjunction with SAMHSA's (2012) trauma‐informed assumptions, were leveraged to develop and adopt trauma‐informed policies that would enhance the police department's response to sexual assault.ResultsAt baseline, few officers reported receiving trauma‐informed interviewing training (21.8%) or having knowledge of local SAK, #MeToo, or #TimesUp movements (10.0%, 7.2%, 3.9%, respectively). Chi‐square analyses suggested officer knowledge of community SAK movement, personal investment in learning about sexual assault, and understanding of trauma were higher in officers with versus without training; of concern, officers with more sexual assaults on their caseload were more likely to endorse rape myths. Training understanding was related to lower rape myth acceptance.ConclusionsPolicy changes, including adding trauma‐informed training to the Police Academy, were implemented by the MDT to promote a system‐wide trauma‐informed approach to sexual assault and ensure community safety.
The mediating effect of perceived social support on the relationship between mindfulness and burnout in special education teachers
Authors: Sun Jin , Wang Xian , Wang Yongli , Du Xiaoxin , Zhang Changxin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the mediating effect of perceived social support on the relationship between mindfulness and burnout in Chinese special education teachers. Three hundred and seven teachers completed the Five‐Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Multi‐dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Scale, and Teacher Burnout Inventory. The results showed that burnout was negatively correlated with mindfulness and perceived social support, while perceived social support was positively correlated with mindfulness. Moreover, perceived social support partially mediated the effect of mindfulness on special education teachers' burnout. These results suggest that the use of mindfulness combined with perceived social support may be beneficial for preventing and mitigating burnout among special education teachers.
Theoretical considerations in determining allometric growth within instars of crustaceans, with special reference to Americamysis bahia
Authors: Scarfe A. David , Steele Craig W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAllometry in crustaceans is typically considered growth over several instars primarily because crustaceans are presumed to grow only during ecdysis (discontinuous growth). Using theoretical distributions of the sizes of two morphometric variables over several instars, four theoretical instar allometry models are postulated: continuous allometry (indiscrete and discrete); discontinuous allometry (indiscrete and discrete); mixed allometry (simple or complex); and two‐rate continuous allometry. The estimates of proportions of allometry within the instars are determined using Y = f(X) and X = f(Y) for variables X and Y. The amount of allometry in each variable is estimated using the mean ± standard deviation on the independent variable. Application of these theoretical instar allometry models using carapace and abdomen sizes in six instars indicates Americamysis bahia experiences two‐rate continuous allometry, rather than “traditional” discontinuous allometry, with 85% or more of total growth occurring in the intermolt phase, and with the abdomen accounting for about 60% of the expansion.
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Imaging in Differentiation Borderline From Malignant Ovarian Epithelial Tumors: Correlation With Histological Cell Proliferation and Vessel Characteristics
Authors: Song Xiao‐li , Wang Lifang , Ren Honghong , Wei Rong , Ren Jia‐Liang , Niu Jinliang 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe differentiation of borderline from malignant ovarian epithelial tumors (OETs) is difficult based on morphologic characteristics. Diffusion and perfusion information from intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) might be useful for this distinction.PurposeTo investigate the potential of IVIM‐DWI in discriminating borderline from malignant OETs by correlating with cell proliferation and microvessel density (MVD).Study TypeProspective.SubjectsSixty‐six patients with OETs (22 borderline, BOETs; 44 malignant, MOETs) underwent IVIM‐DWI before surgery.Field Strength3.0T IVIM‐DWI sequence with 12 b‐values (0–1000 sec/mm2).AssessmentApparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and IVIM‐DWI parameters (diffusion coefficient [D], microvascular volume fraction [f], and pseudodiffusion coefficient [D*]) were measured. Cell proliferation and MVD was determined by immunohistochemical staining of Ki‐67 and CD‐31, respectively.Statistical TestsMann–Whitney U‐test; two‐sample t‐test; intraclass correlation coefficient; Bland–Altman analysis; receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves; and Spearman correlation.ResultsADC and D in BOETs was significantly higher than those in MOETs (P < 0.001), while f in BOETs was significantly lower than those in MOETs (P < 0.001). No significant difference was found in D* between borderline and malignancies (P = 0.324). In the differential diagnosis of borderline from malignant OETs; D demonstrated the highest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.951, while ADC and f had a lower AUC of 0.921 and 0.847, respectively. The ADC and D was negatively correlated with cell proliferation (r = –0.682, r = –0.694, respectively, P < 0.001), while f was positively correlated with MVD of the OETs (r = 0.558, P < 0.001).Data ConclusionIVIM‐DWI may be a useful tool for differentiating BOETs from MOETs. D and f could be image biomarkers to reflect histopathological characteristics of cell proliferation and MVD in OETs.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy Stage: 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:928–935.
Breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma, a systematic review and in‐depth evaluation of the current understanding
Authors: Ebner Peggy J. , Liu Alice , Gould Daniel J. , Patel Ketan M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBreast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA‐ALCL) is a T‐cell neoplasm that arises in the capsule around breast implants. While an association with implants has been proposed, no causal link has been identified and the pathophysiology and natural history of BIA‐ALCL remain unknown. A literature review of 391 articles was performed to assess the current understanding of BIA‐ALCL and to provide a balanced and unbiased view of the current controversy surrounding the disease.
Videolaparoscopic microwave ablation in patients with HCC at a European high‐volume center: Results of 815 procedures
Authors: Cillo Umberto , Bertacco Alessandra , Fasolo Elisa , Carandina Riccardo , Vitale Alessandro , Zanus Giacomo , Gringeri Enrico , D'Amico Francesco , Bassi Domenico , Neri Daniele , Dadduzio Vincenzo , Farinati Fabio , Aliberti Camillo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground: Videolaparoscopic (VL) microwave ablation (MWA) is not included in most of the international guidelines as a therapeutic option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aim of this study was to assess the safety of VL MWA in patients with HCC for whom resection or percutaneous ablation is unsuitable.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on a prospective database of patients with HCC treated with VL MWA at our institution from 2009 to 2016. Patient demographics, operational characteristics, and complications were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to identify safety profile, overall survival and recurrence rate.Results: A total of 815 VL MWA were performed in 674 patients with a mean age of 64 years. Patients had a mean Model for End‐stage Liver Disease score of 10 (±3); 32.8% were Child B, 44.1% Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer B‐C. Perioperative mortality was 0.4%. Overall morbidity was 30.8%, with Dindo‐Clavien complications ≥3 in 2%. The median length of stay was 2 days. In 43.1% VL MWA was the first‐line therapy. Overall 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates were 81.9%, 54.9%, and 35.9%.Conclusions: The present is the largest series of VL ablation and the bigger number of patients with HCC treated with MW reported nowadays. It confirms the safety of a minimally invasive procedure for patients with HCC when resection or percutaneous ablation is not feasible.
Dexmedetomidine protects against lung injury induced by limb ischemia‐reperfusion via the TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Xue Bin‐Bin , Chen Bai‐Hui , Tang Ya‐Ning , Weng Cheng‐Wei , Lin Li‐Na 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDexmedetomidine (DEX) can protect the lung from ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The aims of this study were to determine whether DEX attenuates lung injury following lower extremity I/R and to investigate the related toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. Twenty‐eight SD rats were divided into four groups (n = 7): Sham, I/R, I/R + DEX (25 μg/kg prior to ischemia), and I/R + DEX + Atip (250 μg/kg atipamezole before DEX treatment). Lower extremity I/R was induced by left femoral artery clamping for 3 hours and followed by 2 hours reperfusion. Quantitative alveolar damage and the wet/dry (W/D) ratio were calculated. Interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the lung were measured. The TLR4 and MyD88 mRNA expression levels were measured by RT‐PCR, nuclear factor (NF)‐κB, and phosphorylated NF‐κB by western blot, respectively. Quantitative alveolar damage, W/D ratio, MPO, BALF and serum IL‐1, IL‐6, and TNF‐α, and TLR4, MyD88, NF‐κB, and p‐NF‐κB expression significantly increased in the I/R group relative to the Sham group. DEX preconditioning significantly reduced lung edema, and histological injury relative to the I/R group. Serum and BALF IL‐1, IL‐6, and TNF‐α levels, MPO activity and TLR4, MyD88, NF‐κB, and p‐NF‐κB expression were also significantly reduced in the I/R + DEX group compared with the I/R group. Atipamezole partially reversed all the aforementioned effects. DEX preconditioning protects the lungs against lower extremity I/R injury via α2‐adrenoceptor‐dependent and α2‐adrenoceptor‐independent mechanisms. It also suppresses the TLR4 pathway and reduces inflammation.
Saharan dust deposition initiates successional patterns among marine microbes in the Western Atlantic
Authors: Borchardt Trace , Fisher Kelsey V. , Ebling Alina M. , Westrich Jason R. , Xian Peng , Holmes Christopher D. , Landing William M. , Lipp Erin K. , Wetz Michael S. , Ottesen Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDeposition of aerosolized desert dust can affect marine microbial community structure and function through pulsed addition of limiting micro‐ and macronutrients. However, few studies have captured responses to dust deposition in situ following trans‐oceanic transport. We conducted a 26‐d time series evaluating biogeochemical and microbial community response to Saharan dust deposition in surface waters in the subtropical western Atlantic (Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, U.S.A.). Following periods of elevated atmospheric dust concentrations, particulate and dissolved iron concentrations increased in surface waters. Autotrophic picoeukaryote abundance increased rapidly, followed by increases in the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and Synechococcus. Concomitant to cell count changes, we observed successional shifts in bacterial community composition. The relative abundances of Prochlorococcus and Pelagibacter declined with dust arrival, while relative abundance of heterotrophic bacteria increased, beginning with Vibrionales and followed sequentially by Chrysophyceae, Rhodobacteriaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae. Finally, a peak in Synechococcus cyanobacteria was observed. These results provide new insight into microbial community succession in response to Saharan dust deposition, their association with temporal dynamics in surface water dissolved and particulate iron concentrations, and a potential role for bioprocessing of dust particles in shaping marine microbial responses to deposition events.
Lamin A/C deficiency in CD4+ T‐cells enhances regulatory T‐cells and prevents inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Toribio‐Fernández Raquel , Herrero‐Fernandez Beatriz , Zorita Virginia , López Juan A , Vázquez Jesús , Criado Gabriel , Pablos Jose L , Collas Philippe , Sánchez‐Madrid Francisco , Andrés Vicente , Gonzalez‐Granado Jose M 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe mechanisms by which lamin A/C in CD4+ T‐cells control intestinal homeostasis and can cause inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are unknown. Here, we explore lamin A/C in a mouse model of IBD. Adoptive transfer to Rag1−/− mice of Lmna−/− CD4+ T‐cells, which have enhanced regulatory T‐cells (Treg) differentiation and function, induced less severe IBD than wild‐type T‐cells. Lamin A/C deficiency in CD4+ T‐cells enhanced transcription of the Treg master regulator FOXP3, thus promoting Treg differentiation, and reduced Th1 polarization, due to epigenetic changes in the Th1 master regulator T‐bet. In mesenteric lymph nodes, retinoic acid (RA) released by CD103+ dendritic cells downregulated lamin A/C in CD4+ T‐cells, enhancing Treg differentiation. However, non‐RA‐producing CD103− dendritic cells predominated in peripheral lymph nodes, facilitating lamin A/C expression in CD4+ T‐cells and therefore Th1 differentiation. Our findings establish lamin A/C as a key regulator of Th differentiation in physiological conditions and show it as a potential immune‐regulatory target in IBD. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the mechanical and thermal responses of glass fiber‐reinforced epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Thipperudrappa Sridhar , Ullal Kini Achutha , Hiremath Anupama 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe present article investigates the effect of incorporation of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in varied weight percentages into glass fiber‐reinforced (GFR) epoxy composites through the evaluation of mechanical properties such as flexure strength, impact strength, and ultimate tensile strength of the composite. Thermo‐gravimetric analysis for the fabricated composites has been taken up to evaluate the effect of ZnO nanoparticle on the thermal stability of the composite. The ZnO nanoparticle is loaded in different weight percentages ranging from 1 to 5 wt% and is dispersed uniformly in the epoxy resin through ultrasonication method. The required GFR epoxy‐ZnO nanocomposites are fabricated through hand layup technique and cured through vacuum bagging method. The analysis of the obtained result indicate that ZnO has a negative impact on the mechanical properties such as flexure and tensile strengths, while it had a positive impact on the impact strength of the GFR epoxy‐ZnO nanocomposites. These results indicate that ZnO has a greater affinity with the epoxy resin, which results in increase in matrix‐dominated properties. The presence of ZnO nanoparticles result in the reduction of active sites for bond formation between the matrix and the glass fibers which tends to reduce the fiber‐dominated properties such as tensile and flexure strength. The thermal responses of GFR epoxy‐ZnO nanocomposites increased up to 2 wt% addition of ZnO nanoparticles, while at 5 wt% there was a reduction in the thermal response of the nanocomposite due to an increased steric hindrance.
Endocytosis behaviours of nanoparticles with helically decorated ligands
Authors: Guan Zhou , Wang Liquan , Lin Jiaping , Xue Jiaxiao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this work, the receptor‐mediated endocytosis of nanoparticles with helically decorated ligands was investigated by performing coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations. The results showed that a helical distribution of ligands can generate a unique spinning stage during endocytosis in which the nanoparticle is internalized with precession. This precession behaviour is primarily caused by a lateral torque acting on the nanoparticle. Compared with nanoparticles that present uniformly distributed ligands, nanoparticles with helically decorated ligands present an enhanced endocytosis capacity. Additionally, a longer spin duration and larger precessional angle were obtained by decreasing the helical period of the ligands. Increasing the aspect ratio of the nanoparticles strengthens their capacity to take the spinning endocytosis pathway. The present study not only reveals the mechanism underlying a new endocytosis pathway of nanoparticles with helically structured surfaces but also provides valuable theoretical information for the design of novel drug delivery systems that primarily occur via cellular uptake. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Pore structure and properties of poly(ether ether ketone) hollow fiber membranes: influence of solvent‐induced crystallization during extraction
Authors: Huang Tingjian , Chen Gong , He Zhongchen , Xu Jianjun , Liu Pengqing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPoly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) hollow fiber membranes were prepared by a thermally induced phase separation method with polyetherimide as diluent, and N‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), dichloromethane and a composite extractant composed of NMP, ethanolamine and water as extractant. The effects of the different solvents induced crystallization on the pore structure during extraction and the properties of the PEEK hollow fiber membranes were investigated in detail. The crystallization behaviors of the membranes were characterized by DSC and XRD. The effect of the extractants on the microscopic morphologies, pore structures, water fluxes and mechanical properties of the membranes were investigated. The results showed that the extraction ability of the composite extractant was the most significant, followed by NMP and dichloromethane. The crystallinity of the hollow fiber was 39.0% before extraction and was elevated to 39.2% after the extraction with NMP, 46.6% with dichloromethane and 46.7% with the composite extractant, which shows that dichloromethane and the composite extractant have strong ability to induce the crystallization of PEEK. The inner and outer surfaces of the membranes obtained after extraction by the composite extractant had the largest pore size and the highest surface porosity. The most probable pore diameter of the membranes obtained after extraction by NMP, dichloromethane and the composite extractant was 23.26 nm, 24.43 nm and 24.43 nm, respectively, which indicated that solvent‐induced crystallization was beneficial for the formation of larger pores. The pure water flux of the PEEK membrane prepared by the composite extractant was the largest, but the tensile strength was the lowest. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry