bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The coevolution of lifespan and reversible plasticity
Authors: Ratikainen Irja I. , Kokko Hanna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractReversible phenotypic plasticity, the ability to change one’s phenotype repeatedly throughout life, can be selected for in environments that do not stay constant throughout an individual’s lifetime. It might also mitigate senescence, as the mismatch between the environment and a non-plastic individual’s traits is likely to increase as time passes. To understand why reversible plasticity may covary with lifespan, studies tend to assume unidirectional causality: plasticity evolves under suitable rates of environmental variation with respect to life history. Here we show that if lifespan also evolves in response to plasticity, then long life is not merely a context that sets the stage for lifelong plasticity. Instead, the causality is bidirectional because plasticity itself can select for longevity. Highly autocorrelated environmental fluctuations predict low investment in reversible plasticity and a phenotype that is poorly matched to the environment at older ages. Such environments select for high reproductive effort and short lifespans.
Error corrected spin-state readout in a nanodiamond
Authors: Holzgrafe Jeffrey , Beitner Jan , Kara Dhiren , Knowles Helena S. , Atatüre Mete 
Published: February 2019

AbstractQuantum state readout is a key component of quantum technologies, including applications in sensing, computation, and secure communication. Readout fidelity can be enhanced by repeating readouts. However, the number of repeated readouts is limited by measurement backaction, which changes the quantum state that is measured. This detrimental effect can be overcome by storing the quantum state in an ancilla qubit, chosen to be robust against measurement backaction and to allow error correction. Here, we protect the electronic-spin state of a diamond nitrogen-vacancy center from measurement backaction using a robust multilevel 14N nuclear-spin memory and perform repetitive readout, as demonstrated in previous work on bulk diamond devices. We achieve additional protection using error correction based on the quantum logic of coherent feedback to reverse measurement backaction. The repetitive spin readout scheme provides a 13-fold enhancement of readout fidelity over conventional readout and the error correction a 2-fold improvement in the signal. These experiments demonstrate full quantum control of a nitrogen-vacancy center electronic-spin coupled to its host 14N nuclear spin inside a ~25 nm nanodiamond, creating a sensitive and biologically compatible platform for nanoscale quantum sensing. Our error-corrected repetitive readout scheme is particularly useful for quadrupolar nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in the low magnetic field regime where conventional repetitive readout suffers from strong measurement backaction. More broadly, methods for correcting longitudinal (bit-flip) errors described here could be used to improve quantum algorithms that require non-volatile local memory, such as correlation spectroscopy measurements for high resolution sensing.
The catalytic activity and secretion of zebrafish RNases are essential for their in vivo function in motor neurons and vasculature
Authors: Ferguson Ross , Holloway Daniel E. , Chandrasekhar Anand , Acharya K. Ravi , Subramanian Vasanta 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAngiogenin (hANG), a member of the Ribonuclease A superfamily has angiogenic, neurotrophic and neuroprotective activities. Mutations in hANG have been found in patients with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The zebrafish (Danio rerio)rnasel-1,2and 3 are orthologues ofhANGand of these only Rnasel-1 and Rnasel-2 have been shown to be angiogenic. Herein we show that NCI-65828, a potent and specific small molecule inhibitor of hANG inhibits Rnasel-1 to a similar extent. Treatment of early zebrafish embryos with NCI-65828, or with terrein, a fungal metabolite which prevents the secretion of hANG, resulted in spinal neuron aberrations as well defects in trunk vasculature. Our detailed expression analysis and inhibitor studies suggest that Rnasel-1 plays important roles in neuronal migration and pathfinding as well as in angiogenesis in zebrafish. Our studies suggest the usefulness of the zebrafish as a model to dissect the molecular consequences of the ANG ALS variants.
Direct atomic identification of cation migration induced gradual cubic-to-hexagonal phase transition in Ge2Sb2Te5
Authors: Zheng Yonghui , Wang Yong , Xin Tianjiao , Cheng Yan , Huang Rong , Liu Pan , Luo Min , Zhang Zaoli , Lv Shilong , Song Zhitang , Feng Songlin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGeTe-Sb2Te3 pseudobinary system, especially Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy, is the most desirable material to be commercialized in phase change random access memory. Directly resolving the local atomic arrangement of Ge2Sb2Te5 during intermediate steps is an effective method to understand its transition mechanism from face-centered-cubic to hexagonal phases. In this study, we provide insights into the atomic arrangement variation during face-centered-cubic to hexagonal transition process in Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy by using advanced atomic resolution energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Induced by thermal annealing, randomly distributed germanium and antimony atoms would migrate to the specific (111) layer in different behaviors, and antimony atoms migrate earlier than germanium atoms during the phase transition process, gradually forming intermediate structures similar to hexagonal lattice. With the migration completed, the obtained stable hexagonal structure has a partially ordered stacking sequence described as below: -Te-Sbx/Gey-Te-Gex/Sby-Te-Gex/Sby-Te-Sbx/Gey-Te- (x > y), which is directly related to the migration process. The current visual fragments suggest a gradual transition mechanism, and guide the performance optimization of Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy.
Plasma lipidomic profiling in murine mutants of Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome reveals differential changes in pro- and anti-atherosclerotic lipids
Authors: Ma Jing , Wang Raoxu , Lam Sin Man , Zhang Chang , Shui Guanghou , Li Wei 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of lipid-rich plaques in the arterial wall. Its pathogenesis is very complicated and has not yet been fully elucidated. It is known that dyslipidemia is a major factor in atherosclerosis. Several different Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) mutant mice have been shown either anti-atherosclerotic or atherogenic phenotypes, which may be mainly attributed to corresponding lipid perturbation. To explore the effects of different HPS proteins on lipid metabolism and plasma lipid composition, we analyzed the plasma lipid profiles of three HPS mutant mice, pa (Hps9−/−), ru (Hps6−/−), ep (Hps1−/−), and wild-type (WT) mice. In pa and ru mice, some pro-atherosclerotic lipids, e.g. ceramide (Cer) and diacylglycerol (DAG), were down-regulated whereas triacylglycerol (TAG) containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6) fatty acyl was up-regulated when compared with WT mice. Several pro-atherosclerotic lipids including phosphatidic acid (PA), lysophosphatidylserine (LPS), sphingomyelin (SM), and cholesterol (Cho) were up-regulated in ep mice compared with WT mice. The lipid droplets in hepatocytes showed corresponding changes in these mutants. Our data suggest that the pa mutant resembles the ru mutant in its anti-atherosclerotic effects, but the ep mutant has an atherogenic effect. Our findings may provide clues to explain why different HPS mutant mice exhibit distinct anti-atherosclerotic or atherogenic effects after being exposed to high-cholesterol diets.
Optimal placement of grounding small resistance in neutral point for restraining voltage fluctuation in power grid caused by geomagnetic storm
Authors: Yang Pei‐Hong , Li Ya , Liu Lian‐Guang , Dong Xiao‐Ling , Zhang Jian‐Jun 
Published: February 2019

The reactive loss generated from the geomagnetically induced current (GIC) flowing through transformers has a characteristic of simultaneity in the whole power grid, which will result in a lack of reactive power, bring about voltage fluctuation and even threaten the safe operation of power grid. To solve the voltage fluctuation problem generated by GIC, this study presents a solution to restrain the voltage fluctuation by placing grounding small resistances in transformer neutral points. Aimed at minimising the voltage offset and the configuration budget and taking account into the limit of resistance value, the generator's reactive power output and the constraint of adjustable‐ratio of transformers, a multiple‐objective optimisation strategy known as NSDEA based on the elitist non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm combined with the differential evolution algorithm is proposed in this study, whose feasibility has been demonstrated by applying it in the placement schemes of 750/330 kV Gansu Provincial power grid and the 750 kV UHV power grid of northwest region in China. Results indicate that the optimal configuration scheme can effectively restrain the voltage fluctuation caused by GIC with the voltage offset reduced obviously, thus helps to improve the resistance strength of the large‐scale power grid to the risk of geomagnetic storm.
Multiwavelength study of the G345.5+1.5 region
Authors: Figueira M. , López-Calderón C. , Bronfman L. , Zavagno A. , Hervías-Caimapo C. , Duronea N. , Nyman L.-Å. 
Published: February 2019

Context. The star formation process requires the dust and gas present in the Milky Way to self-assemble into dense reservoirs of neutral material where the new generation of stars will emerge. Star-forming regions are usually studied in the context of Galactic surveys, but dedicated observations are sometimes needed when the study reaches beyond the survey area.
Aims. A better understanding of the star formation process in the Galaxy can be obtained by studying several regions. This allows increasing the sample of objects (clumps, cores, and stars) for further statistical works and deeper follow-up studies. Here, we studied the G345.5+1.5 region, which is located slightly above the Galactic plane, to understand its star formation properties.
Methods. We combined Large Apex BOlometer CAmera (LABOCA) and 12CO(4−3) transition line (NANTEN2) observations complemented with the Hi-GAL and Spitzer-GLIMPSE surveys to study the star formation toward this region. We used the Clumpfind algorithm to extract the clumps from the 870 μm and 12CO(4−3) data. Radio emission at 36 cm was used to estimate the number of H II regions and to remove the contamination from the free–free emission at 870 μm. We employed color–color diagrams and spectral energy distribution (SED) slopes to distinguish between prestellar and protostellar clumps. We studied the boundedness of the clumps through the virial parameter. Finally, we estimated the star formation efficiency (SFE) and star formation rate (SFR) of the region and used the Schmidt–Kennicutt diagram to compare its ability to form stars with other regions of the Galactic plane.
Results. Of the 13 radio sources that we found using the MGPS-2 catalog, 7 are found to be associated with H II regions corresponding to late-B or early-O stars. We found 45 870 μm clumps with diameters between 0.4 and 1.2 pc and masses between 43 M⊙ and 3923 M⊙, and 107 12CO clumps with diameters between 0.4 and 1.3 pc and masses between 28 M⊙ and 9433 M⊙. More than 50% of the clumps are protostellar and bounded and are able to host (massive) star formation. High SFR and SFR density (ΣSFR) values are associated with the region, with an SFE of a few percent.
Conclusions. With submillimeter, CO transition, and short-wavelength infrared observations, our study reveals a population of massive stars, protostellar and bound starless clumps, toward G345.5+1.5. This region is therefore actively forming stars, and its location in the starburst quadrant of the Schmidt–Kennicutt diagram is comparable to other star-forming regions found within the Galactic plane.
Could a Titanium Ulnar Shortening Plate Trigger a Metal Allergy? A Case Report
Authors: Dmochowski Jakub M. , Royal Jeremy T. , Lourie Gary M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background With the growing use of metallic implants, increased research has focused on metal hypersensitivity. The purpose of this case report is to describe a patient with a suspected metal allergy to a titanium plate and to review the literature behind this controversial topic.
Case Description A 45-year-old woman underwent ulnar shortening osteotomy for ulnocarpal abutment. One year later, the patient continued to have chronic pain at the site of the implant, with negative work-up for infection, hardware loosening, or failure. During hardware removal, intraoperative findings revealed titanium particle wear in the surrounding tissues, and subsequent allergy testing revealed a new diagnosis of nickel allergy. Following hardware removal, the patient had complete resolution of her symptoms at 3 months without any recurrence after 12 months from the date of surgery.
Discussion Metals are the most common cause of allergic contact dermatitis. With the increased use of metallic implants, it is no surprise that metal implant allergies have become a cause for concern. While there are multiple tests to try and diagnose a metal implant allergy, there is no gold standard, and results are often difficult to interpret. Physicians need to be cognizant of metal allergies with there often vague symptoms as we continue to search for more reliable and affordable testing.
Clinical Relevance Metal implant allergies can be difficult to diagnose. It is often a diagnosis of exclusion but requires a heightened sense of awareness in the face of a negative work-up with persistent symptoms.
6 Hazardous Reagents in Continuous-Flow Chemistry
Authors: Hicklin R. W. , Strom A. E. , Styduhar E. D. , Jamison T. F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractContinuous-flow technology enables the use of hazardous reagents and the safe handling of hazardous intermediates. This chapter focuses on the application of continuous-flow techniques in reactions involving reactive organometallic reagents, hazardous nitrogen- and halogen-based reagents, oxidants, and toxic low-molecular-weight reagents.
Perception metaphors
Authors: O'Meara Carolyn , Speed Laura J. , San Roque Lila , Majid Asifa 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Our bodily experiences play an important role in the way that we think and speak. Abstract language is, however, difficult to reconcile with this body-centred view, unless we appreciate the role metaphors play. To explore the role of the senses across semantic domains, we focus on perception metaphors, and examine their realisation across diverse languages, methods, and approaches. To what extent do mappings in perception metaphor adhere to predictions based on our biological propensities; and to what extent is there space for cross-linguistic and cross-cultural variation? We find that while some metaphors have widespread commonality, there is more diversity attested than should be comfortable for universalist accounts.
Why do we understand music as moving?
Authors: Julich-Warpakowski Nina 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Although musical structure is commonly perceived as moving, its motivation remains a debated issue. Conceptual Metaphor Theory approaches assume that musical motion is motivated by conceptual metaphors like time is motion and change is motion. The current study aims to investigate whether these conceptual metaphors successfully describe musical motion. For the analysis, a corpus of 10,000 words taken from the genre of music criticism (academic musicology journals and newspaper concert reviews of classical music) was compiled and exhaustively analysed with respect to metaphorical expressions. The results suggest that whereas many motion expressions for music seem to be motivated by time is motion as well as change is motion, a number of instances may instead present cases of fictive motion.
Going global and sounding local
Authors: Diskin Chloé , Levey Stephen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe chart the incursion of quotativebe likeinto Dublin English, drawing comparisons with similar developments in urban Canadian English as well as with diachronic benchmarks representing vernacular Irish English. Quantitative analysis reveals thatbe likeis the lead variant in the quotative system used by young Dubliners and is advancing along a similar, though not identical, cline of grammaticalization to that found in urban Canadian English. We use the resultant information about the Dublin English quotative system as a baseline to assess the extent to which this system has been acquired by Polish-born L2 speakers of English differentiated in terms of target language proficiency. Comparison of the L2 quotative system with the L1 Dublin English benchmark reveals that not all L1 usage constraints are faithfully replicated by L2 speakers, indicating that the acquisition of the relevant constraints is incomplete, even in the case of advanced learners.
Variation in wh-expressions asking for a reason
Authors: Endo Yoshio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper, I will discuss some types of variation in wh-expressions asking for reasons such aswhy,what…forandhow comewith special attention to their base-generated positions in the framework of the cartography of syntactic structures. I will first discusswhyandwhat…forto illustrate variation in the base-generated position of wh-expressions asking for reasons. I will next explore a new dimension in the cartography of syntactic structures by discussing some variation in the use ofhow comeand the complementizerthatamong speakers.
Monitoring ADP/ATP ratio in yeast cells using the fluorescent-protein reporter PercevalHR
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Thi Mai , Ishiwata-Kimata Yuki , Kimata Yukio 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
PercevalHR (Perceval High Resolution) is an artificially designed fluorescent protein, which changes its excitation spectrum based on the ADP/ATP ratio of the environment. Here we demonstrated that PercevalHR can be used for monitoring energy status of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, which are affected by diauxic shift and mitochondria inhibition, in a non-invasive and non-destructive manner.
Hyperbolic distance and membership of conformal maps in the Hardy space
Authors: Karafyllia Christina 
Published: February 2019

Let

ψ
\psi

be a conformal map of the unit disk

D

\mathbb {D}

onto an unbounded domain, and, for

α
>
0

\alpha >0

, let

F
α

=

{

z
∈

D

:

|

ψ

(
z
)

|

=
α

}

{F_\alpha }=\left \{ {z \in \mathbb {D}:\left | {\psi \left ( z \right )} \right | = \alpha } \right \}

. If

H
p

(

D

)

{H^p}\left ( \mathbb {D} \right )

denotes the classical Hardy space and

d

D

(

0
,

F
α

)

d_\mathbb {D} {\left ( {0,{F_\alpha }} \right )}

denotes the hyperbolic distance between

0
0

and

F
α

F_\alpha

in

D

\mathbb {D}

, we prove that

ψ
\psi

belongs to

H
p

(

D

)

{H^p}\left ( \mathbb {D} \right )

if and only if
\[

∫
0

+
∞

α

p
−
1

e

−

d

D

(

0
,

F
α

)

d
α

>
+
∞
.

\int _0^{ + \infty } {{\alpha ^{p - 1}}{e^{ - {d_{\mathbb {D}}}\left ( {0,{F_\alpha }} \right )}}d\alpha } > + \infty .

\]
This result answers a question posed by P. Poggi-Corradini.
On the bilinear Hilbert transform along two polynomials
Authors: Dong Dong 
Published: February 2019

We prove that the bilinear Hilbert transform along two polynomials

B

P
,
Q

(
f
,
g
)
(
x
)
=

∫

R

f
(
x
−
P
(
t
)
)
g
(
x
−
Q
(
t
)
)

d
t

t

B_{P,Q}(f,g)(x)=\int _{\mathbb {R}}f(x-P(t))g(x-Q(t))\frac {dt}{t}

is bounded from

L
p

×

L
q

L^p \times L^q

to

L
r

L^r

for a large range of

(
p
,
q
,
r
)

(p,q,r)

, as long as the polynomials

P
P

and

Q
Q

have distinct leading and trailing degrees. The same boundedness property holds for the corresponding bilinear maximal function
\[

M

P
,
Q

(
f
,
g
)
(
x
)
=

sup

ϵ
>
0

1

2
ϵ

∫

−
ϵ

ϵ

|

f
(
x
−
P
(
t
)
)
g
(
x
−
Q
(
t
)
)

|

d
t
.

\mathcal {M}_{P,Q}(f,g)(x)=\sup _{\epsilon >0}\frac {1}{2\epsilon }\int _{-\epsilon }^{\epsilon } |f(x-P(t))g(x-Q(t))|dt.

\]
Local asymptotics for orthonormal polynomials in the interior of the support via universality
Authors: Lubinsky D. 
Published: February 2019

We establish local pointwise asymptotics for orthonormal polynomials inside the support of the measure using universality limits. For example, if a measure

μ
\mu

has compact support, is regular in the sense of Stahl, Totik, and Ullmann, and in some subinterval

I
I

,

μ
\mu

is absolutely continuous and

μ

′

\mu ^{\prime }

is positive and continuous, we prove that for

y

j
n

y_{jn}

in a compact subset of

I

o

I^{o}

with

p

n

′

(

y

j
n

)

=
0

p_{n}^{\prime }\left ( y_{jn}\right ) =0

, we have

lim

n
→
∞

p

n

(

y

j
n

+

z

n
ω

(

y

j
n

)

)

p

n

(

y

j
n

)

=
cos
⁡
π
z

\begin{equation*} \lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }\frac {p_{n}\left ( y_{jn}+\frac {z}{n\omega \left ( y_{jn}\right ) }\right ) }{p_{n}\left ( y_{jn}\right ) }=\cos \pi z \end{equation*}

uniformly in

y

j
n

y_{jn}

and for

z
z

in compact subsets of the plane. Here

ω
\omega

is the equilibrium density for the support of

μ
\mu

.
A Culturally Informed Systematic Review of Mental Health Disparities Among Adult Indigenous Men and Women of the USA: What is known?
Authors: Ka’apu Kristi , Burnette Catherine E 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Related to a broader context of historical oppression, Indigenous peoples of the USA are overburdened with the mental health challenges that social workers tend to treat, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, suicide and substance use disorders (SUD). The purpose of this systematic review is to use the Framework of Historical Oppression, Resilience and Transcendence (FHORT) to identify empirical research on risk and protective factors related to mental health and SUD amongst these populations. This systematic review includes peer-reviewed quantitative and qualitative research articles from 1980 to 2017 focusing on the mental health of US Indigenous adults. A total of thirty-eight peer-reviewed empirical articles met inclusion criteria. Results reveal adults within Indigenous populations are at a high risk for mental health outcomes, including PTSD, depression, suicide, SUD and comorbidity across these outcomes. Underlying risk factors across outcomes included historical oppression and loss, family problems and SUD. Protective factors tended to include family and social support and engagement with tribal cultural activities. Significant variability was identified based on gender and geographic regions. Given that protective factors tended to include cultural, familial and community tenets, holistic approaches are the most promising programmes for social workers to work towards.