bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polysilsesquioxane Open Hollow Spheres for Heavy Metal Ions Adsorption
Authors: Yang Ye , Xiong Yuzhu , Dong Fuping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHollow microspheres with open windows on the shells have shown significant potential in adsorption, catalysis, and drug delivery fields, owing to their low density, large interior volume, high specific surface area, and abundant availability of adsorption sites. However, creating open hollow spheres with structurally stable and entirely organic‐functionalized surfaces remains a challenge. Herein, we fabricated polysilsesquioxane open hollow spheres using trialkoxysilane containing mercaptopropyl groups under vigorous stirring, employing polystyrene microspheres as a template. Various reaction parameters were explored, revealing stirring speed as the key factor influencing the morphology and openness of the microspheres. By examining the morphology of intermediate products at different reaction times, we proposed a step‐growth mechanism for microsphere formation. The resulting materials exhibited high adsorption capacity and selectivity towards Hg2+ and Pb2+, attributed to the presence of thiol groups and the open‐hollow structure. Our approach provides a robust method for producing open hollow materials with functionalized surfaces, offering potential applications in the adsorption field.
Highly Efficient Aggregation‐induced Electrochemiluminescence Performance of Covalent Organic Frameworks with Electron‐rich Conjugated Structures
Authors: Hou Shili , Liu Guangyan , Gao Haonan , Li Huagui , Liang Xilin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSince aggregation‐induced electrochemiluminescence (AIECL) luminophore overcomes the restriction of aggregation‐caused quenching in solid luminescent materials, AIECL luminophore has become a promising material in the field of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) engineering. However, the lack of ECL emitters with high AIECL performance limits its wide application. Herein, imine‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with C4 symmetrical tetraphenyl ethylene and C2 symmetrical five‐membered heteroaromatic monomers are designed as ECL emitter in aqueous media. Significantly, the ECL intensity of COFs with terthienyl units (TTA‐TAPE) is 206 times that of COFs with furan units in the presence of tri‐n‐propylamine (TPrA), which is the result of enhancing ECL signals by increasing the thiophene units and π‐π conjugation of COFs. Furthermore, the ECL mechanism of these COFs is vested in the bandgap model. Thus, the study provides a strategy for designing highly efficient ECL‐active COFs emitters with excellent AIECL efficiency.
Adsorption and Thermal Evolution of the Carbonyl‐functionalized Ionic Liquid [5‐oxo‐C6C1Im][NTf2] on Pt(111): A Combined IRAS, STM, and DFT Study
Authors: Bühlmeyer Hanna , Knörr Lukas , Steffen Julien , Eschenbacher Roman , Hauner Jonas , Görling Andreas , Libuda Jörg 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe coating of heterogeneous catalysts with ionic liquids enables precise tuning of catalytic activity and selectivity. Recently, the fundamentals of solid catalysts with ionic liquid layers have been extensively studied. So far, investigations have focused on simple ILs without specialized functional groups. In our current work, we aim to involve functionalized ILs to take advantage of the interactions between these functional groups, the catalyst, and the reactants. In this study, we investigated the interaction, and thermal stability of the carbonyl‐functionalized IL [5‐oxo‐C6C1Im][NTf2] on Pt(111) by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. In addition, we performed density functional theory calculations to support our interpretation. At 200 K and low coverage, the carbonyl group of the [5‐oxo‐C6C1Im]+ cation is oriented parallel to the Pt(111) surface. With increasing coverage, the alkyl chain detaches from the surface and orients towards the vacuum. The [NTf2]− anion adsorbs parallel to the surface via the oxygen atoms of the SO2 groups. At higher coverage, at least one of the SO2 groups completely detaches from the surface. Upon heating to 250 K, we observe decomposition and partial desorption of [5‐oxo‐C6C1Im][NTf2], with further decomposition and desorption occurring between 350 and 400 K.
Brønsted‐Acid Catalyzed Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiroisoindolinones from Enamides
Authors: Halaczkiewicz Miro , Maraj Arianit , Riedel Mareike , Donner Leon , Kelm Harald , Manolikakes Georg 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA highly stereoselective Brønsted‐acid catalyzed synthesis of densely substituted spiroisoindolinones from enamides and 3‐hydroxy‐isoindolinones is described. With simple Brønsted‐acids, such as para‐toluene sulfonic acid, spiroisoindolinones with three contiguous stereogenic centers are formed in high yields (up to 97 %) and diastereoselectivities (up to >98 : <2 : 0 : 0 dr) under mild reaction conditions. With the use of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst, a diastereo‐ and enantioselective synthesis of the corresponding spiroisoindolinones was achieved. Mechanistic investigations indicate a step‐wise mechanism via an initial addition of the enamide to an electrophilic N‐acylimine species followed by an intramolecular aza‐Friedel‐Crafts reaction. Addition of a strong Lewis acid can be used to facilitate the second step for less reactive substrates.
Hierarchical Porous Rod‐Like In2S3/In2O3 Structures for Trimethylamine Detection
Authors: Meng Dan , Pan Yubo , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yue , He Chun , Tao Kai , Li Size , San Xiaoguang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTrimethylamine (TMA), a volatile gas possessing a strong, pungent odor, is widely recognized as an indicator for evaluating fish freshness. Despite the importance of TMA detection, the development of sensors that simultaneously possess high sensitivity, fast response kinetics, selectivity, and low‐temperature operation remains a challenge. To address this issue, this work presents a novel gas‐sensing material composed of porous, rod‐like In2S3/ In2O3 structures, synthesized via an in‐situ sulfurization process. By precisely modulating the sulfurization state of In2O3 through the adjustment of thioacetamide concentrations, the material's structural and compositional properties were optimized for enhanced sensing performance. Experimental results demonstrate that sulfur incorporation significantly improves sensor capabilities, owing to the synergistic effects of the In2S3/ In2O3 heterojunction, the enhanced adsorption capacity for oxygen molecules, and the distinctive one‐dimensional and porous architecture. Notably, the sensor with an S/In molar ratio of 1/3 exhibited exceptional TMA detection at 150 °C, with the highest response values (2.17 for 0.1 ppm and 8.17 for 10 ppm), rapid response/recovery times, excellent selectivity, and a low detection limit of 0.05 ppm. Moreover, the sensor demonstrated outstanding reproducibility and long‐term stability, highlighting its potential for practical applications in seafood freshness monitoring.
Tissue Cadherin 17 (CDH17): An Important Prognostic Determinant of Colorectal Cancer Using Digital Image Analysis
Authors: Ng Lui , Yu Wing Shan , Aung Nilar Myat , Leung Pauline , Luk John Moon , Wong Dennis Anthony , Sun Stella , Foo Dominic Chi‐Chung 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is a commonly diagnosed malignancy with significant mortality rates worldwide. The identification of robust prognostic biomarkers for prediction of survival outcomes and recurrence can aid disease management and improve patients' quality of living.AimThis study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of cadherin 17 (CDH17) tissue expression in CRC patients by utilizing a standardized automated immunohistochemistry (IHC) platform integrated with a digitalized scoring system.Methods and ResultsIHC was conducted to assess CDH17 expression on tumor tissues obtained from 150 retrospective CRC cases. A computer‐assisted imaging analysis was performed to quantify CDH17 tissue expression using an IHC scoring algorithm known as the Membrane (M) Score. The relationship between CDH17 M Score and clinicopathological factors such as TNM staging, distant metastasis, and recurrence status was analyzed. The prognostic value of CDH17 M Score was determined by Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression analysis for overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS). Comparison of M Score and pathologist visual scoring was made to assess the validity of software‐derived IHC scoring. CDH17 expression, as measured by M Score, was found to be significantly increased in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, and its expression is associated with advanced staging and distant metastasis (normal vs. tumor, p = 0.0011; Stages IV vs. I–III, p < 0.0162; with vs. without metastasis, p = 0.0026; Mann–Whitney U test). Prognostic analysis revealed that high CDH17 M Score was associated with poor OS and RFS (OS, p = 0.0118; RFS, p = 0.0021; log‐rank test). Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis identified that CDH17 M Score was an independent prognostic predictor for OS (HR = 2.296, 95% CI = 1.154–4.968, p = 0.0240) and RFS (HR = 2.489, 95% CI = 1.062–6.494, p = 0.0447).ConclusionIncreased CDH17 M Score was associated with advanced tumor staging and poor survival outcomes using an automated IHC system integrated with a digital image analysis software, highlighting CDH17 could serve as an independent prognostic marker for CRC patients.
Selective Electrocatalytic Production of Formic Acid from Plastic Waste Using a Nickel Metal–Organic Framework Constructed from a Biomass‐Derived Ligand
Authors: Das Satarupa , Zhang Ting , Clarkson Guy J. , Walker Marc , Qian Xufang , Long Xia , Zhao Yixin , Walton Richard I. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA novel nickel‐based metal organic framework (MOF) [Ni(FDC)(CH3OH)1.5(H2O)0.5](H2O)0.35 (UOW‐6) utilizing biomass‐derived 2,5‐furan dicarboxylate (FDC) as a ligand is reported as an electrocatalyst for anodic ethylene glycol (EG) oxidation with cathodic hydrogen evolution. The MOF structure was analyzed using single crystal X‐ray‐diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermodiffractometry, to establish its structure and verify phase purity. The material was dropcast on carbon fiber paper as a catalyst, and by using a three‐electrode system, UOW‐6 requires only 1.47 V to attain a current density of 50 mA cm−2. During oxidation of the EG, UOW‐6 shows unprecedented selectivity towards formic acid with a Faradaic efficiency of 94 % and remarkable stability over 20 days. The combination of electrochemical measurements and in situ Raman confirmed in situ formed NiOOH at the surface of UOW‐6 as the catalytically active sites for EG oxidation. This work not only presents a pioneering application of FDC‐based MOFs for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) upcycling but also underscores the potential of electrocatalysis in advancing sustainable plastic valorization strategies.
Temperature niche and body size condition phenological responses of moths to urbanization in a subtropical city
Authors: Belitz Michael W. , Sawyer Asia , Hendrick Lillian , Guralnick Robert P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUrbanization in temperate climates often advances the beginning and peak of biological events due to multiple factors, especially urban heat islands. However, the effect of urbanization on insect phenology remains understudied in more tropical areas, where temperature may be a weaker phenological cue. We surveyed moths across an urban gradient in a subtropical city weekly for a year to test how impervious surface and canopy cover impact phenology at the caterpillar and adult life stages. For macro‐moths, we also examine how these effects vary with life history traits. When pooling all individuals, we found no effect of urbanization proxy variables on timing of caterpillar or adult phenology. At the species‐specific level, we found timing of peak adult macro‐moths is influenced by canopy cover, which also interacts with two traits: temperature niche and body size. Cold‐adapted species delay timing of peak abundance in more shaded sites, while warm‐adapted species were not affected. Smaller species, associated with lower dispersal ability, were more phenologically sensitive to canopy cover than larger bodied species. These results highlight the importance of canopy cover within cities and its interaction with species' traits in mediating impact of urbanization on moth phenology in subtropical systems.
Cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in patients with milder and severe forms of sickle cell disease and thalassemia
Authors: Afzali‐Hashemi Liza , Baas Koen P. A. , Schrantee Anouk , Nur Erfan , Vu Chau , Choi Soyoung , Suriany Silvie , Wood John C. , Nederveen Aart J. , Biemond Bart J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSilent cerebral infarcts (SCIs) are present in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia, but the pathophysiology of SCIs is not fully understood. Previous studies mainly focused on cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in patients with severe SCD (HbSS/HbSβ°) but not in milder forms of SCD (HbSC/HbSβ+) and thalassemia despite the high prevalence of SCIs in these patients. In this work, we studied the cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism, and SCI lesion load in 75 severe and 26 mild adult SCD patients, 18 thalassemia patients (as anemic comparison group), and 30 healthy controls before and after a vasodilatory challenge with acetazolamide. Cerebral blood flow was significantly higher in patients with severe SCD and thalassemia compared to patients with mild SCD and controls (p < 0.05). Conversely, oxygen extraction fraction and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) were significantly lower in patients with severe SCD and thalassemia compared to other groups (p < 0.01). In contrast, no difference in SCI volumes was found between mild and severe SCD and thalassemia patients. After acetazolamide administration, oxygen delivery increased less in severe SCD and thalassemia patients compared to other groups (p < 0.01) and CMRO2 decreased only in severe SCD patients (p < 0.01). Given the reduced CMRO2 values in severe SCD and thalassemia patients, we conclude that reduced cerebral oxygen consumption in these patient groups is mostly related to anemia. Our data suggest that the pathophysiology of SCIs in patients with milder forms of SCD might be more related to prior episodes of anemia or other sickle cell‐related factors.
Effect of Interface Bonding on Optimizing the Heat Transfer in Substrate Board With an Array of Heat Sources
Authors: Varma Y. Aditya , Nelson N. Rino , Venkateshan S. P. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEffective heat distribution in electronic circuitry is essential to improve the performance and life of electronic components such as chips. This study presents a numerical analysis of heat transfer on a substrate board populated with an array of discrete heat sources, assumed to be placed in a horizontal air channel for forced convection cooling. The analysis of electronic packages is performed, taking into consideration the effect of thermal contact conductance (TCC) between the heat source (chip) and the substrate board. The dependence of the temperature distribution on the Reynolds number of air at the inlet and the heating power from the heat source is investigated for inlet velocities ranging from 0.6 to 1.4 m/s and observed to be significant. Temperature and heat transfer coefficient are observed to systematically increase with the increase in the heat dissipation from the heat source. Two configurations—inline and staggered—are analyzed, with the staggered configuration showing superior cooling performance. This improvement is attributed to the fact that staggered arrangements expose fewer heat sources to pre‐heated air before it exits the system. Additionally, the location of the heat source reaching the highest temperature is found to be highly dependent on the TCC of the bonding material between the heat source and the substrate. A hybrid optimization strategy is employed, by combining Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) for optimizing the location of heat sources. ANN is used for predicting the temperature distribution, subsequently followed by GA to minimize the maximum temperature attained by the heat generating source by varying other control variables like TCC thickness, inlet velocity, and heat generation. The thickness of the bonding layer is varied from 0.225 to 0.271 mm and the heat generation is varied from 1000 to 2000 W/m2. Among them, TCC is observed to be an important parameter controlling the optimum location of heat generating sources. The results obtained from the proposed hybrid optimization strategy are compared with the simulation results and observed to be reasonably close.
Genetic machinery which accompanies metaplasticity operates differentially in experimental model of autism
Authors: Benli Esra Tufan , Babur Ercan , Dursun Nurcan , Saray Hatice , Barutçu Özlem , Süer Cem 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe present study investigated metaplasticity‐related mRNA expressions in valproic acid (VPA)‐rats, focusing on the PI3K/AKT pathway. Wistar dams were treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of 600 mg/kg VPA or saline on embryonic day E12.5 or an equal volume of saline solution. Three behavioral tests were conducted on these males' offspring: grid‐walking test, negative geotaxis test, and three‐chamber social interaction test. Metaplasticity was induced in 60‐day‐old male progeny by giving high‐frequency stimulation for 5 minutes following low‐frequency stimulation to the perforant pathway. For the baseline stimulation protocol (n = 6), stimulation was delivered to the dentate gyrus at the previously determined stimulation intensity (0.33 Hz 0.175 msec 30 s) for 75 min. The percent change of slope of field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) and amplitude of population spike were calculated 55–60 min after induction protocol. The mRNA levels of PI3K, PTEN, AKT, GSK‐3β, and MAPT were measured in the hippocampus by using quantitative rt‐PCR. We found that offspring of VPA‐treated rats showed significantly impaired sensorimotor coordination, decreased sociability, impaired preference for social novelty, and reduced input–output curve of fEPSP slope, compared to control animals. Despite a similar metaplastic response, mRNA levels of genes of interest were similar but considerably down‐regulated after induction in offspring of VPA‐treated dams. Our study provides evidence that the induced expression of autism‐related genes has evolved to enable an adaptation mechanism during metaplastic control of long‐term potentiation.
Evaluation of face validity and core concepts of a novel knowledge scale for inherited heart disease: A pilot study
Authors: Christian Susan , Dzwiniel Tara , Baker Amy , Biesecker Barbara , Borle Kennedy , Mostafavi Roya , Slamon Jillian , Wand Hannah , Yeates Laura 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe rising demand for genetic counseling has prompted the implementation of various innovative service delivery models, such as patient webinars, videos, chatbots, and the integration of genetic testing into mainstream healthcare. To ensure patients receive adequate information for informed decision‐making, validated measures to assess these models are essential but currently limited in the setting of inherited heart disease. We aimed to develop and initiate validation of a cardiac knowledge scale, as part of the Multidimensional Model of Informed Choice measure, to assess whether patients (probands and family members) with inherited cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias, and aortopathies are provided with sufficient knowledge to make informed decisions about genetic testing. Content expert genetic counselors identified eight core concepts addressed during genetic counseling sessions; from these, eight true/false knowledge questions were created. Questions were reviewed by 22 international cardiac genetics counselors with additional changes made. Initial validation steps of the knowledge scale were conducted at two sites: the Edmonton Medical Genetic Clinic, University of Alberta Hospital in Edmonton, Canada, and the Genetic Heart Disease Clinic, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Sydney, Australia. Face validity was evaluated through nine patient interviews, resulting in minor revisions to four questions and major revisions to one question. An additional five patient interviews were conducted to evaluate the revised questions. The core concepts addressed in each question were further evaluated in the context of patient decision‐making about genetic testing. All participants described the eight concepts as either helpful or essential in their decision‐making process. The cardiac knowledge scale is a promising measure created to evaluate the informed choice of patients and their families affected by an inherited heart condition. The next step of validation includes trialing the cardiac knowledge scale with a real‐world sample of patients deciding about genetic testing for inherited heart disease.
Current practice in the management of paediatric autoimmune liver disease in Europe
Authors: Cananzi Mara , Jørgensen Marianne Hørby , Buescher Gustav , De Bruyne Ruth , Samyn Marianne ,   ESPGHAN Hepatology Interest Group and the ERN RARE‐LIVER Autoimmune Hepatitis Working Group
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivePaediatric autoimmune liver disease (pAILD) is a rare condition with serious health implications. Notwithstanding treatment advancements, areas of uncertainty and knowledge gaps still exist. We here investigated the real‐life approach to pAILD management in Europe.MethodsA survey was distributed to members of the European Rare Liver Disease Reference Network (ERN RARE‐LIVER) and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Hepatology Interest Group. Information was gathered regarding clinical activity, medications used, and access to paediatric drug formulations at each site.ResultsThirty‐six centres from 22 European countries responded to the survey. The majority are exclusively paediatric units (86%). Among participants, 80% follow <50 children with pAILD, of which 25%–50% are <10 years old in 44% of centres. All centres use predniso(lo)ne as first‐line therapy, alone (15/36) or with azathioprine (21/36). Azathioprine and mycophenolate are the preferred second‐line options in centres using first‐line steroid monotherapy (11/15) or combined steroid‐azathioprine (19/21), respectively. Tacrolimus is used as third‐line agent in 15/36 centres. Proactive measurement of drug metabolites and target levels vary widely among centres. Paediatric predniso(lo)ne formulations are commercially available in 7/22 European countries, azathioprine in 3, mycophenolate in 14, tacrolimus in 15 and ursodeoxycholic acid in 14. When paediatric formulations are unavailable, children are treated with magisterial preparations or ‘solid’ formulations (crushed or intact).ConclusionsTreatment of pAILD in Europe varies widely in terms of medications used and treatment monitoring. Availability of paediatric drug formulations across Europe is limited. Collaborative initiatives are needed to define evidence‐based strategies for management of pAILD and to promote an equal, age‐appropriate treatment for affected children.