bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparing and Presenting a Poster
Authors: Torigoe Sharon E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA poster is one method of informing the world about results from a research project. Whether serving as an aid for a presentation or standing alone, it should provide information about a project. Both substantive and stylistic qualities should contribute to effectively communicating one's conclusions. This article gives general guidelines and suggestions for poster content, layout, and design to assist in preparing an effective poster. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Radiation Safety and Measurement
Authors: Meisenhelder Jill , Bursik Steve 
Published: April 2018

AbstractScientific knowledge has been considerably advanced by the use of biochemical molecules which incorporate radioisotopes at specific sites. This unit provides an overview of the use of radioisotopes in the biochemical laboratory. It begins with a discussion of the principles of radioactivity in order to provide the reader/user with knowledge on which to base a common sense approach to the safe use of isotopes. The characteristics of isotopes most commonly used in a biochemical laboratory are then detailed, as well as the safety precautions and monitoring methods peculiar to each one. Detection and imaging methods used in experimental analysis are reviewed. Finally, an outline of an orderly, proper response to a spill of radioactive material is presented. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Modeling Quantum Kinetics in Ion Traps: State‐changing Collisions for OH+() Ions with He as a Buffer Gas
Authors: González‐Sánchez L. , Wester R. , Gianturco F.A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe present quantum scattering calculations for rotational state‐changing cross sections and rates, up to about 50 K of ion translational temperatures, for the OH+ molecular ion in collision with He atoms as the buffer gas in the trap. The results are obtained both by using the correct spin‐rotation coupling of angular momenta and also within a recoupling scheme that treats the molecular target as a pseudo‐(
) state, and then compares our findings with similar data for the OH−(
) molecular partner under the same conditions. This comparison intends to link the cation behaviour to the one found earlier for the molecular anion. The full calculations including the spin‐rotation angular momenta coupling effects have been recently reported (L. González‐Sánchez and R. Wester and F.A. Gianturco, Mol.Phys.2018, DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1442597) with the aim of extracting specific propensity rules controlling the size of the cross sections. The present study is instead directed to modelling trap cooling dynamics by further obtaining the solutions of the corresponding kinetics equations under different trap schemes so that, using the presently computed rates can allow us to indicate specific optimal conditions for the experimental setup of the collisional rotational cooling in an ion trap for the system under study.
The Evolution of Growth, Crystal Orientation, and Grain Boundaries Disorientation Distribution in Gold Thin Films
Authors: Parajuli Prakash , Mendoza‐Cruz Rubén , Santiago Ulises , Ponce Arturo , Yacamán Miguel José 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHerein, the growth and annealing effect of gold thin films are systematically studied by using an automated crystal orientation mapping (ACOM–TEM) technique. The crystallographic redistribution and structural changes in grain and boundaries due to recrystallization and grain kinetic processes are followed and described. The as‐grown films show a dominant <111> texture followed by <110>, <100>, <112>, <102>, and <212> orientations; having a noticeable reorientation of the grains after annealing along the <111> direction parallel to the electron beam, as well as the expected grain size enlargement. Moreover, the random high angle grain boundaries observed in as‐grown film transform towards low coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries after annealing. The consequences of recrystallization and grain kinetic processes, primarily grain rotation and coupled grain boundary migration on the evolution of the film structural properties are discussed based on the experimental results.
A novel leader election algorithm based on resources for ring networks
Authors: Biswas Tarun , Bhardwaj Rajat , Ray Anjan Kumar , Kuila Pratyay 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe leader node in a distributed computing system is responsible to establish coordination among all other nodes that are situated apart geographically. Selection of a suitable leader is one of the major and challenging problems. In this paper, a novel leader election algorithm is proposed based on resources of each node in a ring network. All the nodes compute resource strength values by considering available resources like CPU, memory capacity, and residual energy. A node with the highest resource strength over the network is elected as the leader. The proposed algorithm has also considered sudden failure of the nodes particularly when it is the leader node. Moreover, addition of new nodes is also considered. The proposed algorithm shows improvement on message complexity over the network and resource‐based priority generation, which helps in efficient election of the leader. To validate, the proposed algorithm is extensively simulated as well as real‐life hardware experiment is also done. In the experiment, 2 cases are considered with different weight of the resources, and consequent effects are shown. The results are also compared with the existing algorithms, and it is observed that the proposed work comparably performs better that the existing related algorithms.
Stable routing protocol based on fuzzy logic system in vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Marzak Bouchra , El Moumni Soufiane , Benlahmar Elhabib , Ait‐Mlouk Addi , Talea Mohamed 
Published: April 2018

SummaryVehicular ad‐hoc networks have several roles in alert messages dissemination between vehicles in danger, the most important role is to provide helpful information for drivers (eg, road traffic state). But, some performance improvements are frequently needed in terms of routing. Hence, several clustering approaches have been proposed to optimize the network services. These approaches are based on increasing data delivery, reducing data congestion, and dividing the traffic into clusters. However, a stable clustering algorithm is always required in order to ensure the data dissemination in a dense, mobile, or a large‐scale environment. Therefore, in this paper, we have proposed a stable routing protocol based on the fuzzy logic system, which can deliver alert messages with minimum delay and improve the stability of clusters structure by generating only a small number of clusters in the network. In this work, the fuzzy logic system has been used to create the clusters and select a cluster head for each cluster. We have used the network simulator (NS2) to generate the results. As a result, we could reduce the cluster head changes and increase the cluster member lifetime compared with recent approaches.
Performance analysis on DPSK modulation using symbol repetition and interleaving
Authors: Han Sungmin , Lee Jaeseok , Kwon Taesoo , Choi Ji‐Woong 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIt is well known that the differential phase shift keying (DPSK) transmission does not require a reference phase and reduces the computational complexity and power consumption of the receiver at the cost of the transmission reliability. To improve the reliability of transmission under such scenario, we use a symbol repetition scheme to the DPSK modulation, such as the IEEE 802.15.6 wireless body area network and the ITU‐T G.9903. However, the message symbol repetition with interleaving in conventional manner as in coherent modulation schemes may degrade the receiver performance because of the noise characteristic of the differential demodulation structure. In this work, we analyze the performance of repeated DPSK system with and without the interleaver and demonstrate which scenario is suitable for each modulation order. We propose a proper transmission setting, which achieves noticeable performance improvement at the receiver as well as enhances the energy efficiency of the communication system. Since it can be implemented with very small modification to existing systems, our results are highly applicable with negligible modification of the hardware structure and thus enable substantially low‐cost implementation in future communication systems including wireless body area network internet of things applications.
The emergence of top‐down, sensory prediction during learning in infancy: A comparison of full‐term and preterm infants
Authors: Boldin Alex M. , Geiger Romin , Emberson Lauren L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPrematurity alters developmental trajectories in preterm infants even in the absence of medical complications. Here, we use fNIRS and learning tasks to probe the nature of the developmental differences between preterm and full‐term born infants. Our recent work has found that prematurity disrupts the ability to engage in top‐down sensory prediction after learning. We now examine the neural changes during the learning that precede prediction. In full‐terms, we found modulation of all cortical regions examined during learning (temporal, frontal, and occipital). By contrast, preterm infants had no evidence of neural changes in the occipital lobe selectively. This is striking as the learning task leads to the emergence of visual prediction. Moreover, the shape of individual infants’ occipital lobe trajectories (regardless of prematurity) predicts subsequent visual prediction abilities. These results suggest that modulation of sensory cortices during learning is closely related to the emergence of top‐down signals and further indicates that developmental differences in premature infants may be associated with deficits in top‐down processing.
Privacy‐aware face detection using biological signals in camera images
Authors: Kitajima Toshihiro , Murakami Edwardo Arata Y. , Yoshimoto Shunsuke , Kuroda Yoshihiro , Oshiro Osamu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPeople sensing occurs everywhere, in the Internet of Things (IoT). Cameras are being increasingly used because they provide inexpensive and effective sensing devices. However, the camera acquires the information that identifies an individual, there is a problem that the privacy of the person is invaded. Furthermore, since home appliances are increasingly being connected to the Internet via the IoT, it has become possible for user images to leak out unintentionally. With these concerns in mind, we propose a face detection method that protects user privacy by using intentionally blurred images. In this method, the presence of a human being is determined by dividing an image into several regions and then calculating the heart rate detected in each region. In our performance evaluation, the proposed method showed dominant performance results when compared with an existing face detection method, and was confirmed to be an effective method for detecting faces in both normal and blurred images. We confirmed the influence of the performance in the proposed method when changing the sharpness of the images. The proposed method also showed high accuracy position detection performance results. Furthermore, we confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method in near‐infrared images and distorted images.
Fog and live fuel moisture in coastal California shrublands
Authors: Emery Nathan C. , D'Antonio Carla M. , Still Christopher J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAcross Mediterranean‐type climate regions, seasonal drought desiccates plants, facilitating ignition and the spread of wildfires. Along the California coast, summertime fog has the potential to ameliorate drought conditions and thus reduce plant flammability during a critical time of elevated fire risk. This study investigated the uptake of dry season fog and how it affects live fuel moisture (LFM) in six dominant shrub species from chaparral and sage scrub plant associations. Fog water uptake was evaluated using stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen at several field sites in Santa Barbara County, California. Clear evidence of fog water uptake was identified only in Baccharis pilularis, from the sage scrub association. To determine the effects of fog on LFM, meteorological variables and indices including fog deposition were combined into principal components and the scores regressed against the LFM loss rate during the summer drought. Fog deposition slowed rates of LFM loss for all three sage scrub species tested, but it did not affect the chaparral species. Fog is a more regular occurrence in the sage scrub association, and thus, it is likely that fog ameliorates drought for species that experience consistent fog during the summer months. In coastal California, summer fog can be essential to plant water relations and reduce LFM loss rates during the summer drought. Understanding these effects is important in the context of changing climate in southern California and fire‐prone regions around the world.
Formation of litter crusts and its multifunctional ecological effects in a desert ecosystem
Authors: Jia Chao , Liu Yu , He Honghua , Miao Hai‐tao , Huang Ze , Zheng Jiyong , Han Fengpeng , Wu Gao‐Lin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDesertification is one of the major issues in global environmental change, and it is of great concern to scientists and policy‐makers in the world. Litter crusts can be of great importance for the restoration and management of desert ecosystems. The formation of litter crusts and its ecological effects on desert surface microhabitats were studied in a wind–water erosion crisscross desert region. It was found that litter crusts, especially the four‐year litter crusts, exhibited a better soil storage capacity and temperature regulating ability when compared to the bare land, biocrusts, and two‐year litter crusts; the four‐year litter crusts significantly increased soil total porosity, soil water storage, and soil organic carbon content, but reduced soil bulk density. Furthermore, species richness, coverage, and plant height of seedlings in litter crusts were significantly greater than those in bare land and biocrusts. Although the bare land had the greatest total number of seedlings, the survival rate of seedlings was lowest there. Our findings revealed that litter crusts had significantly positive effects on soil moisture, soil temperature, soil physicochemical properties, and seedling establishment. The multifunctional ecological effects of litter crusts are more positive than lichen‐ and moss‐dominated biocrusts in desert ecosystems.
Social attribution in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Oldershaw Anna , DeJong Hannah , Hambrook David , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPeople with anorexia nervosa (AN) report socioemotional difficulties; however, measurement has been criticised for lacking ecological validity and the state or trait nature of difficulties remains unclear. Participants (n = 122) were recruited across 3 groups: people who are currently ill with AN (n = 40); people who recovered (RecAN, n = 18); healthy‐control participants (n = 64). Participants completed clinical questionnaires and the Social Attribution Task. The Social Attribution Task involves describing an animation of moving shapes, scored for number of propositions offered, accuracy, and social relevance. Groups were compared cross‐sectionally. Those with current AN were assessed prepsychological and postpsychological treatments.People with AN provided fewer propositions than other groups and fewer salient social attributions than healthy‐control participants. Those who recovered scored intermediately and not significantly different from either group. Following treatment, people with AN demonstrated (nonsignificant) improvements, and no significance between group differences were observed. Findings suggest difficulties for people with AN in providing spontaneous social narrative and in identifying social salience.
Review of atrazine sampling by polar organic chemical integrative samplers and Chemcatcher
Authors: Booij Kees , Chen Sunmao 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

A key success factor for the performance of passive samplers is the proper calibration of sampling rates. Sampling rates for a wide range of polar organic compounds are available for Chemcatchers and polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS), but the mechanistic models that are needed to understand the effects of exposure conditions on sampling rates need improvement. Literature data on atrazine sampling rates by these samplers were reviewed with the aim of assessing what can be learned from literature reports of this well-studied compound and identifying knowledge gaps related to the effects of flow and temperature. The flow dependency of sampling rates could be described by a mass transfer resistance model with 1 (POCIS) or 2 (Chemcatcher) adjustable parameters. Literature data were insufficient to evaluate the temperature effect on the sampling rates. An evaluation of reported sampler configurations showed that standardization of sampler design can be improved: for POCIS with respect to surface area and sorbent mass, and for Chemcatcher with respect to housing design. Several reports on atrazine sampling could not be used because the experimental setups were insufficiently described with respect to flow conditions. Recommendations are made for standardization of sampler layout and documentation of flow conditions in calibration studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1786–1798. © 2018 SETAC
Real World Compromises: Policy and Practice Impacts of Kindergarten Entry Assessment‐Related Validity and Reliability Challenges
Authors: Ackerman Debra J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractKindergarten entry assessments (KEAs) have increasingly been incorporated into state education policies over the past 5 years, with much of this interest stemming from Race to the Top—Early Learning Challenge (RTT‐ELC) awards, Enhanced Assessment Grants, and nationwide efforts to develop common K–12 state learning standards. Drawing on information included in RTT‐ELC annual progress reports, published research, and a variety of other KEA‐relevant documents, in this report, I share the results of case studies of 7 recently implemented state KEAs. The focus of this inquiry was the assessment‐ and teacher‐related validity and reliability challenges that contributed to adjustments to the content of these measures, the policies regarding when they are to be administered, and the training and technical support provided to teachers who are tasked with the role of KEA assessor and data interpreter. Although these 7 KEAs differ, the results of the study suggest that they experienced common validity and reliability issues and subsequent policy and practice revisions. These findings also suggest the value of iterative research as a means for highlighting these issues and informing the policies and practices that can impact KEA validity and reliability.
Effects of moisture content and heating condition on pyrolysis and combustion properties of structural fuels
Authors: Hedayati Faraz , Yang Wenxu , Zhou Aixi 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe objective of this research was to measure the pyrolysis and combustion properties of selected structural fuels as a function of fuel moisture content (MC) levels under various external heating conditions. The pyrolysis properties were measured by using the thermogravimetric analysis technique at 3 MC levels (5%, 10%, and 15%) and 3 heating rates (5, 15, and 25K/min.). The combustion properties were measured by using a cone calorimeter at the same MC levels and 3 heat flux levels (20, 30, and 50 kW/m2). In addition, density and thermal conductivity as a function of MC levels were also measured. Statistical analysis was performed over the experimental data by using a 95% confidence interval. Most materials had significant increase in density when the MC levels increased, while the increase was more significant for natural woods than engineered woods. No statistically significant changes in thermal conductivity were observed for most materials. The pyrolysis properties were affected by both the MC and heating rate levels. Both MC and heat flux levels affected the combustion properties.
Prognostic value of chromosomal imbalances, gene mutations, and BAP1 expression in uveal melanoma
Authors: Patrone Serena , Maric Irena , Rutigliani Mariangela , Lanza Francesco , Puntoni Matteo , Banelli Barbara , Rancati Silvia , Angelini Giovanna , Amaro Adriana , Ligorio Paolo , Defferrari Carlotta , Castagnetta Mauro , Bandelloni Roberto , Mosci Carlo , DeCensi Andrea , Romani Massimo , Pfeffer Ulrich , Viaggi Silvia , Coviello Domenico A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUveal melanoma (UM) exhibits recurring chromosomal abnormalities and gene driver mutations, which are related to tumor evolution/progression. Almost half of the patients with UM develop distant metastases, predominantly to the liver, and so far there are no effective adjuvant therapies. An accurate UM genetic profile could assess the individual patient's metastatic risk, and provide the basis to determine an individualized targeted therapeutic strategy for each UM patient. To investigate the presence of specific chromosomal and gene alterations, BAP1 protein expression, and their relationship with distant progression free survival (DPFS), we analyzed tumor samples from 63 UM patients (40 men and 23 women, with a median age of 64 years), who underwent eye enucleation by a single cancer ophthalmologist from December 2005 to June 2016. UM samples were screened for the presence of losses/gains in chromosomes 1p, 3, 6p, and 8q, and for mutations in GNAQ, GNA11, BAP1, SF3B1, and EIF1AX. BAP1 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of monosomy 3, 8q gain, and loss of BAP1 protein were significantly associated to DPFS, while BAP1 gene mutation was not, mainly due to the presence of metastatic UM cases with negative BAP1 IHC and no BAP1 mutation detected by Sanger sequencing. Loss of BAP1 protein expression and monosomy 3 represent the strongest predictors of metastases, and may have important implications for implementation of patient surveillance, properly designed clinical trials enrollment, and adjuvant therapy.