bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of wireless temperature measurement induction heating system using magnetic properties of au‐coated ferromagnetic implant with low Curie temperature
Authors: Aki Fumitaka , Loi Tonthat , Saito Hajime , Yoshimura Noboru , Mitobe Kazutaka 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we aim to build wireless temperature measurement induction heating system for hyperthermia using “Au‐coated Ferromagnetic Implant with Low Curie Temperature (Au‐FILCT)”. Using this system we clarified the distance‐dependent characteristic of voltage used for detecting temperature in heating process of Au‐FILCT under high‐frequency magnetic field applied. The tumor temperature is measurable utilizing the property in which the magnetism of Au‐FILCT changes depending on its temperature. We measured the voltage and temperature of Au‐FILCT, while placed at distances of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 cm from the top surface of the drive coil. We confirmed that the Au‐FILCT was heated above the treatable temperature of 45°C within 145.0 s up to the distance of 3.0 cm and the accuracy of voltage was improved with the S/N ratio 18.3 dB at 3.0 cm. In addition, the correlation of the voltage with either the temperature or distance was high. All the contribution ratios of their approximate expressions were above 0.97. We propose a method of estimating the temperature from the voltage measured even if the distance to the Au‐FILCT is unknown, assuming the core body temperature is stable at about 37°C.
Bounding reproductive rates in state‐space models for animal population dynamics
Authors: Sköld Martin , Knape Jonas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTime‐series models applied in the study of animal population dynamics commonly assume linearity on the log‐scale, leading to log‐normally distributed rates of increase. While this is often computationally convenient, in particular when performing statistical inference in the presence of observation error, it may lead to unrealistic predictions for animals with a limited reproduction. We introduce a model that includes an explicit bound on the reproductive rate of an individual, and apply this to a population time series of ungulates in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Due to observational error, the year‐to‐year increases in animal counts occasionally exceeded the maximal reproductive rate of the animals. In such cases, the traditional unbounded model showed a tendency of overfitting data, leading to unrealistic predictions of the underlying population increase. An observed increase above the maximal reproductive rate also provides empirical confirmation that observation error exists. The model with an explicit bound was able to utilize this in order to separate observational error from population process noise, which the traditional unbounded model was unable to do. We conclude that enforcing a strict upper bound on the reproductive rate of an animal population model may lead to more realistic statistical inference than commonly applied log‐linear models when an explicit bound on reproductive rate is known. We further conclude that introducing a bound on reproduction can greatly assist in separating observational error and population process noise for slow life histories, or more generally, when the rate of sampling is high compared to reproductive rates.
What drives interaction strengths in complex food webs? A test with feeding rates of a generalist stream predator
Authors: Preston Daniel L. , Henderson Jeremy S. , Falke Landon P. , Segui Leah M. , Layden Tamara J. , Novak Mark 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDescribing the mechanisms that drive variation in species interaction strengths is central to understanding, predicting, and managing community dynamics. Multiple factors have been linked to trophic interaction strength variation, including species densities, species traits, and abiotic factors. Yet most empirical tests of the relative roles of multiple mechanisms that drive variation have been limited to simplified experiments that may diverge from the dynamics of natural food webs. Here, we used a field‐based observational approach to quantify the roles of prey density, predator density, predator‐prey body‐mass ratios, prey identity, and abiotic factors in driving variation in feeding rates of reticulate sculpin (Cottus perplexus). We combined data on over 6,000 predator‐prey observations with prey identification time functions to estimate 289 prey‐specific feeding rates at nine stream sites in Oregon. Feeding rates on 57 prey types showed an approximately log‐normal distribution, with few strong and many weak interactions. Model selection indicated that prey density, followed by prey identity, were the two most important predictors of prey‐specific sculpin feeding rates. Feeding rates showed a positive relationship with prey taxon densities that was inconsistent with predator saturation predicted by current functional response models. Feeding rates also exhibited four orders‐of‐magnitude in variation across prey taxonomic orders, with the lowest feeding rates observed on prey with significant anti‐predator defenses. Body‐mass ratios were the third most important predictor variable, showing a hump‐shaped relationship with the highest feeding rates at intermediate ratios. Sculpin density was negatively correlated with feeding rates, consistent with the presence of intraspecific predator interference. Our results highlight how multiple co‐occurring drivers shape trophic interactions in nature and underscore ways in which simplified experiments or reliance on scaling laws alone may lead to biased inferences about the structure and dynamics of species‐rich food webs.
Opening the black box of implementation feedback: An analysis of reloading strategies in EU water governance
Authors: van Eerd Marjolein C.J. , Dieperink Carel , Wiering Mark A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThroughout the legal and practical implementation of the European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD), subnational implementing agents experience how this policy works in practice. The feedback, or reloading, of these experiences is an important contribution to create resilient EU water governance and to further elaborate the flexible requirements of this framework directive. However, a gap exists concerning our knowledge on the strategies that implementing actors use to mobilize experiential knowledge. Our objective is therefore to understand the reloading of implementation experiences in the WFD's policy process, by studying the conditions that affect strategic mobilization behavior of implementing agents. We build upon existing studies to explore which mobilization strategies are used in WFD reloading cases, and assess which conditions contribute to the identified strategic agency choices. The main finding of this study is that the mobilizing agents often use a smart combination of framing, coalition‐building, venue shopping and timing strategies for reloading implementation experiences as policy‐relevant knowledge. The choice of such combinations is affected by agency and institutional structure‐related conditions, that is, a mobilizing agent's interests, resources and capacities plus the existing EU water governance network contribute to strategic mobilization behavior. Our study is a first exploration of the topic. We therefore conclude this paper with some suggestions for further research.
A hybrid pressure‐based solver for nonideal single‐phase fluid flows at all speeds
Authors: Kraposhin Matvey V. , Banholzer Matthias , Pfitzner Michael , Marchevsky Ilia K. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThis paper describes the implementation of a numerical solver that is capable of simulating compressible flows of nonideal single‐phase fluids. The proposed method can be applied to arbitrary equations of state and is suitable for all Mach numbers. The pressure‐based solver uses the operator‐splitting technique and is based on the PISO/SIMPLE algorithm: the density, velocity, and temperature fields are predicted by solving the linearized versions of the balance equations using the convective fluxes from the previous iteration or time step. The overall mass continuity is ensured by solving the pressure equation derived from the continuity equation, the momentum equation, and the equation of state. Nonphysical oscillations of the numerical solution near discontinuities are damped using the Kurganov‐Tadmor/Kurganov‐Noelle‐Petrova (KT/KNP) scheme for convective fluxes. The solver was validated using different test cases, where analytical and/or numerical solutions are present or can be derived: (1) A convergent‐divergent nozzle with three different operating conditions; (2) the Riemann problem for the Peng‐Robinson equation of state; (3) the Riemann problem for the covolume equation of state; (4) the development of a laminar velocity profile in a circular pipe (also known as Poiseuille flow); (5) a laminar flow over a circular cylinder; (6) a subsonic flow over a backward‐facing step at low Reynolds numbers; (7) a transonic flow over the RAE 2822 airfoil; and (8) a supersonic flow around a blunt cylinder‐flare model. The spatial approximation order of the scheme is second order. The mesh convergence of the numerical solution was achieved for all cases. The accuracy order for highly compressible flows with discontinuities is close to first order and, for incompressible viscous flows, it is close to second order. The proposed solver is named rhoPimpleCentralFoam and is implemented in the open‐source CFD library OpenFOAM®. For high speed flows, it shows a similar behavior as the KT/KNP schemes (implemented as rhoCentralFoam‐solver, Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 2010), and for flows with small Mach numbers, it behaves like solvers that are based on the PISO/SIMPLE algorithm.
Land cover controls on depression‐focused recharge on the Oak Ridges Moraine, southern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Greenwood Wes J. , Buttle James M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) is a key hydrogeologic feature in southern Ontario. Previous research has emphasized the importance of depression‐focused recharge (DFR) for the timing and location of water recharge to the ORM's aquifers. However, the significance of DFR has not been empirically demonstrated, and the ORM's permeable surficial deposits imply that rainfall and snowmelt will largely recharge vertically rather than move laterally to topographic depressions. The exception may be during winter and spring, when concrete soil frost limits infiltration and encourages overland flow. The potential for DFR was examined for closed depressions under forest and agricultural land covers with similar soils and surficial geology. Air temperatures, precipitation, snow depth and water equivalent, soil water contents, soil freezing, and depression surface‐water levels were monitored during the winter and spring of 2012–2013 and 2013–2014. Recharge (R) was estimated at the crest and base of each depression using a 1‐dimensional water balance approach and surface‐applied Br− tracing. Both forest and agricultural land covers experienced soil freezing; however, forest soils did not develop concrete frost. Conversely, agricultural fields saw concrete frost, overland flow, episodic ponding, and subsequent drainage of rain‐on‐snow and snowmelt inputs in open depressions. Recharge at the base of open depressions exceeded that in surrounding areas by an order of magnitude, suggesting that DFR is a significant hydrologic process during winter and spring under agricultural land cover on the ORM. Closed topographic depressions under agricultural land cover on the ORM crest may serve as critical recharge “hot spots” during winter and spring, and the ability of the unsaturated zone beneath these depressions to modify the chemistry of recharging water deserves further attention.
Gold(I)‐Catalysis for the Synthesis of Terpenoids: From Intramolecular Cascades to Intermolecular Cycloadditions
Authors: Mayans Joan Guillem , Armengol‐Relats Helena , Calleja Pilar , Echavarren Antonio M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGold(I)‐catalyzed cycloisomerizations of 1,n‐enynes proceed through electrophilic intermediates that can be trapped intra‐ or intermolecularly by a variety of hetero‐ and carbon nucleophiles to form complex skeletons in a single step. This review covers the efforts of our group towards the development of new reactions that have been successfully applied in the total synthesis of several natural terpenoids and related carbocyclic structures, as well as for the ready access to challenging linear acenes.
The association of the placental CASPASE‐3 gene polymorphisms and preeclampsia susceptibility and in‐silico analysis
Authors: Teimoori Batool , Yazdi Atefeh , Rezaei Mahnaz , Mohammadpour‐Gharehbagh Abbas , Jahantigh Danial , Salimi Saeedeh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPreeclampsia is a pathologic complication of pregnancy, associated with increased apoptosis in the cytotrophoblasts as the main cause of this disorder. Caspase‐3 is a key apoptosis‐related enzyme that both mitochondrial and death receptor apoptotic pathways can activate. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of placental CASP‐3 rs4647602 and rs4647610 polymorphisms on PE susceptibility. The placentas of 106 PE women and 115 normotensive pregnant women were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted from the placenta. For genotyping of CASP‐3 rs4647602 and rs4647610 polymorphisms, polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) was used. The frequencies of placental CASP‐3rs4647602CA and rs4647610GA genotypes were higher in PE women; however, the differences were not statistically different (P = 0.36 and P = 0.13, respectively). In addition, the frequencies of CA‐GA combined genotypes and A‐A haplotype were higher in PE women compared to the control women; however, the differences were marginally non‐significant (P = 0.051 and P = 0.08, respectively). In‐silico analysis revealed new enhancer and silencer motifs for mutant alleles of CASP‐3rs4647602 and rs4647610 polymorphisms. In conclusion, placental CASP‐3rs4647602 and rs4647610 polymorphisms were not associated with PE. Further studies with higher sample size are necessary to confirm or refute these findings.
Retracted: Long non‐coding RNA GAS5 aggravates hypoxia injury in PC‐12 cells via down‐regulating miR‐124
Authors: Hu Xiaoli , Liu Juan , Zhao Gang , Zheng Jiaping , Qin Xia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOne important feature of cerebral ischemia is hypoxia injury in nerve cells. Growth arrest‐specific transcript 5 (GAS5) is widely reported as a tumor suppressor gene; however, the investigations about its role in cerebrovascular disease are relatively rare. This study was aimed to explore the impact of GAS5 on hypoxia response in nervous cells. PC‐12 cells were incubated under anoxic condition to induce hypoxia injury. Regulatory effects of GAS5 on miR‐124 and miR‐124 on ICAM‐1 expression were assessed by qRT‐PCR and/or Western blot. Targeting effect of miR‐124 on ICAM‐1 3′‐untranslated regions (UTR) was evaluated through dual luciferase activity assay. The potential regulatory mechanism on hypoxia injury in PC‐12 cells was assessed by detecting key elements of NF‐κB and Notch signaling pathways using Western blot. GAS5 ectopic expression accentuated hypoxia injury in PC‐12 cells. miR‐124 expression was negatively regulated by GAS5 expression. Cells with overexpressions of GAS5 and miR‐124 alleviated hypoxia injury as in compassion with cells only with GAS5 overexpression. ICAM‐1 expression was negatively regulated by miR‐124 expression. ICAM‐1 was a functional target of miR‐124. ICAM‐1 overexpression aggravated hypoxia injury, but inversely, ICAM‐1 silence diminished hypoxia damage. Besides, ICAM‐1 expression was negatively related with activation of NF‐κB and Notch pathways. GAS5‐miR‐124‐ICAM‐1 axis could regulate hypoxia injury in PC‐12 cells. GAS5 might aggravate hypoxia injury via down‐regulating miR‐124, then up‐regulating ICAM‐1, and further enhancing activations of NF‐κB and Notch pathways.
Bisphenol A (BPA) binding on full‐length architectures of estrogen receptor
Authors: Liu Yaquan , Qu Kaili , Hai Ying , Zhao Chunyan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPrevious research has shown that the major toxicity mechanism for many environment chemicals is binding with estrogen receptor (ER) and blocking endogenous estrogen access, including bisphenol A (BPA). However, the molecular level understanding the global consequence of BPA binding on the full‐length architectures of ER is largely unknown, which is a necessary stage to evaluate estrogen‐like toxicity of BPA. In the present work, the consequence of BPA on full‐length architectures of ER was firstly modeled based on molecular dynamics, focusing on the cross communication between multi‐domains including ligand binding domain (LBD) and DNA binding domain (DBD). The study proved consequence of BPA upon full‐length ER structure was dependent on long‐range communications between multiple protein domains. The allosteric effects occurring in LBD units could alter dimerization formation through a crucial change in residue‐residue connections, which resulted in relaxation of DBD. It indicated BPA could present consequence on the full‐size receptor, not only on the separate domains, but also on the cross communication among LBD, DBD, and DNA molecules. It might provide detailed insight into the knowledge about the structural characteristics of ER and its role in gene regulation, which eventually helped us evaluate the estrogen‐like toxicity upon BPA binding with full‐length ER.
MicroRNA expression in cervical cancer: Novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers
Authors: Gao Chundi , Zhou Chao , Zhuang Jing , Liu Lijuan , Liu Cun , Li Huayao , Liu Gongxi , Wei Junyu , Sun Changgang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGrowing evidence has shown that a large number of miRNAs are abnormally expressed in cervical cancer (CC) tissues and play irreplaceable roles in tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. This study aimed to identify new biomarkers and pivotal genes associated with CC prognosis through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. At first, the data of gene expression microarray (GSE30656) was downloaded from GEO database and differential miRNAs were obtained. Additionally, 4 miRNAs associated with the survival time of patients with CC were screened through TCGA differential data analysis, Kaplan‐Meier, and Landmark analysis. Among them, the low expression of miR‐188 and high expression of miR‐223 correlated with the short survival of CC patients, while the down‐regulation of miR‐99a and miR‐125b was closely related to the 5‐year survival rate of patients. Then, based on the correspondence between the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CC from the TCGA data and the 4 miRNAs target genes, 58 target genes were screened to perform the analysis of function enrichment and the visualization of protein‐protein interaction (PPI) networks. The seven pivotal genes of the PPI network as the target genes of four miRNAs related to prognosis, they were directly or indirectly involved in the development of CC. In this study, based on high‐throughput data mining, differentially expressed miRNAs and related target genes were analyzed to provide an effective bioinformatics basis for further understanding of the pathogenesis and prognosis of CC. And the results may be a promising biomarker for the early screening of high‐risk populations and early diagnosis of cervical cancer.
Influence of selenite and selenate on growth, leaf physiology and antioxidant defense system in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Sharma Sucheta 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSelenium (Se) induced oxidative stress as well as synthesis of non‐specific selenoproteins has been attributed to its toxicity in plants. Selenium toxicity can affect growth, chlorophyll and protein synthesis and crop yield. This study reveals the effects of different sources (sodium selenite and sodium selenate) and levels (2 and 4 mg Se kg−1 soil) of Se on its uptake, leaf physiology, antioxidant defense system, isoenzymic patterns and mitochondrial activity in wheat cultivar PBW621 at tillering and ear‐initiation stages.RESULTSHigher Se accumulation in leaves of wheat plants was observed in selenate than control and selenite treatments. Selenium tolerance index, chlorophyll, photosynthetic efficiency, mitochondrial reduction test, electron transport system activity, lipid peroxidation, proline and glutathione in Se‐treated wheat plants decreased significantly as compared to control. Significant increase in hydrogen peroxide and activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase in leaves was due to the presence of Se‐induced oxidative stress in wheat plants.CONCLUSIONWheat cultivar PBW621 could adapt to applied selenite concentrations by developing antioxidant defense system but selenate treated plants could exhibit toxicity tolerance up to 2 mg kg−1 and died at high concentrations due to damage to tissue development and function. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Dynamic changes in polyphenol compounds, antioxidant activity, and PAL gene expression in different tissues of buckwheat during germination
Authors: Ling Ajing , Li Xiaoping , Hu Xinzhong , Ma Zhen , Wu Kunming , Zhang Huiwen , Hao Meng , Wei Sifan 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThere is a growing interest in buckwheat germination regarding the improvement of its health benefits. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of germination on polyphenol compounds, antioxidant activity, and phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) gene expression in different tissues (cotyledon, hypocotyl, and radicle) of buckwheat sprouts during germination for 12 days, as well as to investigate their interactions.RESULTSTotal polyphenol and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, main polyphenol components, and PAL gene expression significantly increased during germination. On day 12, the rutin content in cotyledons was elevated to 88.6 g kg−1, which was 7.7‐times and 39.4‐times compared to those in buckwheat seeds and radicles, respectively. Meanwhile, chlorogenic acid in hypocotyls reached 7.84 g kg−1, which was 36.3‐fold higher than those in radicles. However, the PAL gene showed the highest expression in radicles.CONCLUSIONPresent results showed that polyphenol compounds mainly accumulated in cotyledons and hypocotyls. There was a negative correlation between polyphenol compounds and PAL gene expression. The discrepancy suggested that polyphenol compounds might experience transportation within buckwheat sprouts. The study could provide useful information for further application of buckwheat in functional foods, and revelation of the correlation between bioactive components and related gene expressions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry