bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hamster Circadian Rhythm System Includes Nuclei of the Subcortical Visual Shell
Authors: Marchant Elliott G. , Morin L. P. 
Published: April 2018

The clock regulating mammalian circadian rhythmicity resides in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The intergeniculate leaflet, a major component of the subcortical visual system, has been shown to be essential for certain aspects of circadian rhythm regulation. We now report that midbrain visual nuclei afferent to the intergeniculate leaflet are also components of the hamster circadian rhythm system.Loss of connections between the intergeniculate leaflet and visual midbrain or neurotoxic lesions of pretectum or deep superior colliculus (but not of the superficial superior colliculus) blocked phase shifts of the circadian activity rhythm in response to a benzodiazepine injection during the subjective day. Such damage did not disturb phase response to a novel wheel stimulus. The amount of wheel running or open field locomotion were equivalent in lesioned and control groups after benzodiazepine treatment. Electrical stimulation of the deep superior colliculus, without its own effect on circadian rhythm phase, greatly attenuated light-induced phase shifts. Such stimulation was associated with increased FOS protein immunoreactivity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The results show that the circadian rhythm system includes the visual midbrain and distinguishes between mechanisms necessary for phase response to benzodiazepine and those for phase response to locomotion in a novel wheel. The results also refute the idea that benzodiazepine-induced phase shifts are the consequence of induced locomotion. Finally, the data provide the first indication that the visual midbrain can modulate circadian rhythm response to light. A variety of environmental stimuli may gain access to the circadian clock mechanism through subcortical nuclei projecting to the intergeniculate leaflet and, via the final common path of the geniculohypothalamic tract, from the leaflet to the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
Cytochrome c Release and Caspase Activation in Traumatic Axonal Injury
Authors: Büki András , Okonkwo David O. , Wang Kevin K. W. , Povlishock John T. 
Published: April 2018

Axonal injury is a feature of traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributing to both morbidity and mortality. The traumatic axon injury (TAI) results from focal perturbations of the axolemma, allowing for calcium influx triggering local intraaxonal cytoskeletal and mitochondrial damage. This mitochondrial damage has been posited to cause local bioenergetic failure, leading to axonal failure and disconnection; however, this mitochondrial damage may also lead to the release of cytochrome c (cyto-c), which then activates caspases with significant adverse intraaxonal consequences. In the current communication, we examine this possibility.Rats were subjected to TBI, perfused with aldehydes at 15–360 min after injury, and processed for light microscopic (LM) and electron microscopic (EM) single-labeling immunohistochemistry to detect extramitochondrially localized cytochrome c (cyto-c) and the signature protein of caspase-3 activation (120 kDa breakdown product of α-spectrin) in TAI. Combinations of double-labeling fluorescent immunohistochemistry (D-FIHC) were also used to demonstrate colocalization of calpain activation with cyto-c release and caspase-3-induction.In foci of TAI qualitative–quantitative LM demonstrated a parallel, significant increase in cyto-c release and caspase-3 activation over time after injury. EM analysis demonstrated that cyto-c and caspase-3 immunoreactivity were associated with mitochondrial swelling–disruption in sites of TAI. Furthermore, D-IFHC revealed a colocalization of calpain activation, cyto-c release, and caspase-3 induction in these foci, which also revealed progressive TAI.The results demonstrate that cyto-c and caspase-3 participate in the terminal processes of TAI. This suggests that those factors that play a role in the apoptosis in the neuronal soma are also major contributors to the demise of the axonal appendage.
Serial Analysis of Gene Expression Identifies Metallothionein-II as Major Neuroprotective Gene in Mouse Focal Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Trendelenburg George , Prass Konstantin , Priller Josef , Kapinya Krisztian , Polley Andreas , Muselmann Claudia , Ruscher Karsten , Kannbley Ute , Schmitt Armin O. , Castell Stefanie , Wiegand Frank , Meisel Andreas , Rosenthal André , Dirnagl Ulrich 
Published: April 2018

We applied serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) to study differentially expressed genes in mouse brain 14 hr after the induction of focal cerebral ischemia. Analysis of >60,000 transcripts revealed 83 upregulated and 94 downregulated transcripts (more than or equal to eightfold). Reproducibility was demonstrated by performing SAGE in duplicate on the same starting material. Metallothionein-II (MT-II) was the most significantly upregulated transcript in the ischemic hemisphere. MT-I and MT-II are assumed to be induced by metals, glucocorticoids, and inflammatory signals in a coordinated manner, yet their function remains elusive. Upregulation of both MT-I and MT-II was confirmed by Northern blotting. MT-I and MT-II mRNA expression increased as early as 2 hr after 2 hr of transient ischemia, with a maximum after 16 hr. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed MT-I/-II upregulation in the ischemic hemisphere, whereas double labeling demonstrated the colocalization of MT with markers for astrocytes as well as for monocytes/macrophages. MT-I- and MT-II-deficient mice developed approximately threefold larger infarcts than wild-type mice and a significantly worse neurological outcome.For the first time we make available a comprehensive data set on brain ischemic gene expression and underscore the important protective role of metallothioneins in ischemic damage of the brain. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of SAGE to screen functionally relevant genes and the power of knock-out models in linking function to expression data generated by high throughput techniques.
Relations between Brain Pathology and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Zhang Xia , Cui Shu-Sen , Wallace Amy E. , Hannesson Darren K. , Schmued Larry C. , Saucier Deborah M. , Honer William G. , Corcoran Michael E. 
Published: April 2018

Temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common type of epilepsy in adult humans, is characterized clinically by the progressive development of spontaneous recurrent seizures of temporal lobe origin and pathologically by hippocampal neuronal loss and mossy fiber sprouting. In this study, we sought to test the prominent hypothesis that neuronal loss and mossy fiber sprouting play a critical role in the genesis and progression of temporal lobe epilepsy.Rats receiving a single kainic acid injection experienced a single sustained episode of epileptic status with massive neuronal loss and mossy fiber sprouting, whereas rats receiving triple kainic acid injections experienced two priming episodes and one sustained episode of epileptic status with no detectable neuronal loss and mossy fiber sprouting. Early in the process of chronic seizure development, primed rats that failed to show detectable neuronal loss and mossy fiber sprouting exhibited a starting date and a frequency of spontaneous recurrent seizures similar to those of nonprimed rats that showed massive neuronal loss and mossy fiber sprouting. However, nonprimed rats displayed significantly prolonged episodes of spontaneous recurrent seizures over the whole process of chronic seizure development and more frequent severe seizures later in the process. Similar results were observed in both Fischer-344 and Wistar rats as well as in the rat pilocarpine preparation of temporal lobe epilepsy.These results fail to reveal a relation between neuronal loss–mossy fiber sprouting and the genesis of temporal lobe epilepsy but suggest that neuronal loss, mossy fiber sprouting, or both contribute to the intensification of chronic seizures.
Acts of Improvement
Authors: Wujastyk Dagmar 
Published: April 2018

In Sanskrit medical literature, rasāyana is defined as one of eight subject areas of medicine. The proclaimed aim of rasāyana therapies is to preserve or promote health and well-being, but also to prolong life, to halt degeneration caused by aging, to rejuvenate and to improve cognitive function. The term “rasāyana” describes the therapies that together constitute this branch of medicine; the methodology and regimen of treatment; and the medicinal substances and formulations used in these therapies.
In Indian alchemical literature, the Sanskrit term “rasāyana” is predominantly used to describe the final stages of alchemical operations, i.e. all that is involved in the taking of elixirs for attaining a state of spiritual liberation in a living body. Rasāyana in this sense describes a series of related processes, including the preparation of the elixir; the preparation of the practitioner; the intake of the elixir and finally, the process of transformation the practitioner undergoes after intake of the elixir.
In my paper, I present examples of rasāyana sections from a selection of medical and alchemical treatises to explore their connections and divergences. I also discuss how the connections between medical and alchemical rasāyana sections reflect the development of iatrochemistry in alchemical literature.
Assistive Technology in Pre-Service Rehabilitation Counselor Education: A New Approach to Team Collaboration
Authors: Connor Annemarie , Kuo Hung-Jen , Leahy Michael J. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose: Recognizing a perceived lack of assistive technology/adaptive equipment (AT/AE) competence on the part of counselors and educators (Kuo, 2013), this article provides an overview of assistive technology concepts and accreditation standards, and introduces a training model intended to improve rehabilitation counselor readiness to address client AT/AE needs.Method: Drawing on the extant literature, professional scopes of practice, and interdisciplinary clinical experience, the authors conceptualize AT/AE service delivery along a biopsychosocial continuum.Results: The resultant model of AT/AE team collaboration can be taught by counselor educators and understood by students without specialty certification or preexisting knowledge of AT. The model spans the continuum of care from medical to psychosocial, details the roles of rehabilitation disciplines, and offers a pedagogical tool for infusing AT concepts across the curriculum.Conclusion: Ultimately, this article advocates for increased rehabilitation counselor engagement and entry-level competence in addressing the psychosocial aspects of AT/AE. Future research should be conducted to validate the constructs of this model.
MICROTOPOGRAFIA E COMPACTAÇÃO DO SOLO EM TRILHAS GEOTURÍSTICAS NO LITORAL DO PARQUE NACIONAL DA SERRA DA BOCAINA – ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Rangel Luana de Almeida , Guerra Antonio José Teixeira 
Published: April 2018

Em áreas tropicais úmidas, a erosão hídrica é a grande responsável pela perda de solo. A análise da microtopografia e da compactação dos solos permite inferir áreas que estão sofrendo com processos erosivos. A atividade geoturística, pode ser uma forma de conservação do ambiente natural. Porém, a utilização de trilhas geoturísticas pode acarretar impactos quando não há planejamento e manejo adequados para sua implementação e utilização. A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o impacto da utilização de duas trilhas localizadas no litoral do Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina (PNSB), município de Paraty (RJ). Para isso, foram analisados quatro pontos em duas trilhas no PNSB, sendo realizados monitoramento da microtopografia do solo através do método de pontes de erosão e a avaliação da compactação através da penetrometria. Além disso, foram observados alguns impactos visuais ao longo das trilhas. Constatou-se que o leito da trilha está sofrendo com o efeito do pisoteio, principalmente em P2 onde a resistência à penetração foi de 29,07 kgf/cm², e com a remoção de sedimentos pela erosão hídrica, principalmente em PE 1, onde a área erodida foi de aproximadamente 0,37m². Há necessidade de readequar o traçado em alguns pontos das trilhas (como em PE 4, onde já existe um atalho criado pelos visitantes), bem como, incorporar matéria orgânica e revegetar as bordas trilha, principalmente no talude superior de PE 2 onde ocorreu movimento de massa.
Production of Durable High Strength Flowable Mortar Reinforced With Hybrid Fibers
Authors: Dawood Eethar Thanon , Ramli Mahyuddin 
Published: April 2018

This study deals with the production of durable high strength flowable mortar (HSFM). Firstly, the optimum percentage of silica fume was determined due to Pozzolanic Activity Index (P.A.I) test. Secondly, the selected mortar reinforced by different percentages of steel fibers or hybrid fibers of steel fibers , palm fibers and synthetic fibers (Barchip) to prepare HSFM mixes. Such mixes were tested in compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, static modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, toughness indices determination, and impact load for all the mixes. Lastly, the effects of seawater exposure on the properties of HSFM have been observed. The results show that the use of 10% silica fume as a partial replacement of cement indicate the best P.A.I. On the other hand, the hybridizations of such fibers enhance the performance of HSFM mixes. In addition, the hybrid fibers reduce the permeability of HSFM leading to significance improvement against seawater exposure.
Nitrate removal from aquaculture effluents using woodchip bioreactors improved by adding sulfur granules and crushed seashells
Authors: von Ahnen Mathis , Pedersen Per Bovbjerg , Dalsgaard Johanne 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This study examined the effects on nitrate removal when adding sulfur granules and crushed seashells to a woodchip bioreactor treating aquaculture effluents. Using a central composite design, the two components were added at three levels (0.000, 0.125 and 0.250 m3/m3 bioreactor volume) to 13 laboratory-scale woodchip bioreactors, and a response surface method was applied to find and model the optimal mixture ratios with respect to reactor performance. Adding 0.125 m3/m3 sulfur granules improved the total N removal rate from 3.27 ± 0.38 to 8.12 ± 0.49 g N/m3/d compared to pure woodchips. Furthermore, the inclusion of crushed seashells together with sulfur granules helped to maintain the pH above 7.4 and prevent a production (i.e., release) of nitrite. According to the modeled response surfaces, a sulfur granule:crushed seashell:woodchip mixture ratio containing about 0.2 m3 sulfur granules and 0.1 m3 crushed seashells per m3 reactor volume would give the best results with respect to high N removal and minimal nitrite release. In conclusion, the study showed that N removal in woodchip bioreactors may be improved by adding sulfur granules and seashells, contributing to the optimization of woodchip performance in treating aquaculture effluents.
MESTRADOS PROFISSIONAIS NA ÁREA DE EDUCAÇÃO E ENSINO
Authors: Sousa Clarilza Prado , Placco Vera Souza 
Published: April 2018

O texto procura discutir dois dos desafios que programas de Mestrado Profissional (MP) enfrentam atualmente, para constituir uma identidade funcional que os distinga dos mestrados acadêmicos e mantenham a qualidade acadêmica desejável.Partimos do pressuposto que os MP têm um compromisso com um impacto mais preciso em relação à educação básica, respondendo à sua realidade e demandas, e que sua proposição deve estar alinhada com os resultados de uma política voltada para a melhoria da qualidade do ensino. Assim, procura-se contribuir para o delineamento das necessidades e compromisso educacional que um MP deve atender. O primeiro desafio destes MP diz respeito à interpretação que têm feito das necessidades do contexto educacional para definir suas propostas. O segundo diz respeito às possibilidades de como formar o professor. Considerando os fundamentos consolidados da área de formação, é possível ultrapassar as disputas entre comunidades epistêmicas, propondo uma formação completa e complexa do profissional da educação.
Educação do campo e oralidade: contribuições dos contos populares nas escolas do campo
Authors: Gonçalves Rodrigues Alves Clarice , Lopes Sérgio Luis , Mendoza Héctor José Garcia 
Published: April 2018

RESUMO A educação do campo tem suas peculiaridades, exigindo que o educador que atua nesta modalidade de ensino execute práticas pedagógicas que relacionem conteúdos disciplinares com o cotidiano dos educandos, que provoque questionamentos sobre o mundo do trabalho, sobre suas interações com a sociedade, sobre sua percepção de si e do meio circundante. O presente artigo pretende analisar as contribuições da oralidade na educação do campo. As análises surgiram dos resultados projeto de ensino, pesquisa e extensão “Conte Comigo”, executados entre 2013 e 2015, no Instituto Federal de Roraima- Campus Novo Paraíso (IFRR-CNP) e nas escolas na zona rural dos municípios de Caracaraí e Rorainópolis, ambos localizados no sul do estado de Roraima. palavras-chave: Educação do campo. Oralidade. Mediação cultural. Contos populares. Leitura. ABTRACT Educational in rural areas has its own peculiarities, which require the educator who works in this kind of teaching to execute pedagogical practices that relate disciplinary content with the daily lives of students, leading questions about the world of work, on their interactions with society, on their perception of themselves and on the surrounding environment. This article aims to analyze the contributions of orality in education in rural areas. The analysis emerged from the results of an educational project research called "Tell Me", carried between 2013 and 2015, in the Federal Institute of Roraima- Campus New Paradise (IFRR-CNP) and schools in rural areas of the municipalities of Caracaraí and Rorainópolis, both located in the souther area of the state of Roraima. Keywords: Educational in rural areas. Orality. Cultural mediation. Popular Stories. Reading. RESUMEN La educación en el campo tiene sus peculiaridades, exigiendo que el educador que actúa en esta forma de enseño tenga practicas pedagógicas que relacionen los asuntos disciplinares con el cotidiano de los alunos exigiendo que el educador que actúa en esta forma de enseñanza tenga practicas pedagógicas que relacionen los asuntos disciplinares con el cotidiano de los alumnos, que provoquen cuestionamientos sobre el mundo del trabajo,sobre sus interacciones con la sociedad, sobre su percepción de si mismo y del medio que lo circunda. El presente artículo pretende analizar las contribuciones de la oralidad en la educación en el campo. Los análisis surgieronde los resultados de un)proyecto de enseñanza, pesquisa y extensión “ Cuente Conmigo”, realizados entre 2013 y 2015, en el Instituto Federal de Roraima – Campus Novo Paraíso (IFRR- CNP) y en las escuelas de la zona rural de las municipalidades de Caracaí y Rorainópolis, ambas localizadas en el sur del estado de Roraima. Palabras-clave: Educación en el campo. Oralidad. Mediación cultural. Cuentos populares. Lectura. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22169/revint.v12i26.1128
A escola como um espaço de democratização do acesso às TIC - uma perspectiva educomunicativa
Authors: Vieira Wanessa Matos , Sartori Ademilde Silveira 
Published: April 2018

RESUMO
O objetivo do presente artigo é perceber como a democratização do acesso às TIC nas escolas propicia a construção da ciberdemocracia. Em um mundo no qual o acesso à tecnologia praticamente se tornou sinônimo de participação efetiva na sociedade, é de fundamental importância que a escola leve a tecnologia para mais perto de seu aluno e se torne um espaço de democratização do acesso às TIC. Sendo assim, a escola se apresenta como um ambiente capaz de fazer imergir tais tecnologias a serviço da ciberdemocracia e de incentivo à participação dos alunos na Esfera Pública. Ao se utilizar de diferentes mídias que colaboram para a criação de um ambiente comunicativo, as TIC têm um papel fundamental na sociedade da informação, e por meio de programas, leis, ou planos de incentivo ao acesso democrático como o PROINFO/MEC (2007), a escola deve proporcionar um ambiente em que as TIC estejam à disposição do aluno. Baseado nestes preceitos, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar o tema da democratização do acesso fazendo interface com os conceitos da Educomunicação. A pesquisa bibliográfica realizada para o presente artigo traz autores como Lévy (1999; 2003), Castells (2003), Sartori (2010; 2015), Soares (2011) entre outros que corroboram com o objetivo da pesquisa.
Educação e tecnologia: o uso do filme como fator de educação filosófica
Authors: Reina Alessandro , Balduino Horn Geraldo 
Published: April 2018

RESUMO O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a utilização do filme como um recurso tecnológico, com forte potencialidade voltada a aprendizagem da filosofia, servindo tanto como educação do pensamento quanto um elemento de formação cultural. Aborda primeiramente a utilização do filme como um recurso tecnológico e sua utilização em sala de aula voltada a aprendizagem da filosofia e, posteriormente como fator de educação do pensamento e de formação cultural por meio da prática cineclubista. Tanto o uso do filme em sala de aula quanto por meio dos cineclubes, converte-se como um instrumento pedagógico importante, tendo em vista a construção de um itinerário de formação filosófico, social e cultural por meio do cinema. Palavras Chaves: Filmes; Filosofia; Cinema; Cineclubes; Educação. ABSTRACT The following paper aims to discuss the use of movies as a technological resource. Such resource has great potential for learning philosophy, serving for reasoning and as an element of cultural formation. It deals first with the use of movies as a technological resource and its use in the classroom as a learning philosophy tool, later as reasoning practice and cultural formation by setting movie clubs. The use of movies in the classroom and movie clubs become an important pedagogical tool when it comes to the construction of a way of philosophical, social and cultural formation through motion pictures. Keywords: Movies; Philosophy; Motion pictures; Movie clubs; Education. RESUMEN l presente artículo tiene como objetivo discutir la utilización de la película como un recurso tecnológico, con fuerte potencialidad orientada al aprendizaje de la filosofía, sirviendo tanto como educación del pensamiento como un elemento de formación cultural. En primer lugar se refiere al uso de la película como un recurso tecnológico y su utilización en el aula orientada al aprendizaje de la filosofía y, posteriormente, como factor de educación del pensamiento y de formación cultural a través de la práctica cineclubista. Tanto el uso de la película en el aula como por medio de los cineclubes, se convierte en un instrumento pedagógico importante, con vistas a la construcción de un itinerario de formación filosófico, social y cultural por medio del cine. Palabras Clave: Películas; Filosofía; Cine; Cineclubes; Educación. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22169/revint.v12i27.1322
SINTESIS KARBOKSIMETIL SELULOSA (CMC) DARI SELULOSA KULIT DURIAN (Durio zibethinus)
Authors: Safitri Dini , Rahim Erwin Abdul , Prismawiryanti Prismawiryanti , Sikanna Rismawati 
Published: April 2018

The investigation about of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) of Durian peel (Durio zibethinus) cellulose has been done. The research aim is to determine the best ratio of sodium mono-chloroacetate toward cellulose and is to determine the reaction time in the synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose of durian peel in order to obtain the highest substitution degree. The applied of ratio variations and reaction time were 5:5, 6:5, 7:5, 8:5, 9:5 grams and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, respectively. The result showed that the best ratio of sodium mono-chloroacetate toward cellulose was 7:5 gram with yields and the substitution degree of 39.39% and 1.17, respectively. The best time reaction was found at 4 hours with yields and the substitution degree of 39.77 % and 1.2, respectively. Keywords: Durian peel, carboxymethyl cellulose, substitution degree.