bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Min(max)imization of horizontal and vertical displacements of a fibre‐reinforced magneto‐elastic cantilever rod
Authors: Khurshudyan Asatur Zh. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this brief note we suggest a procedure for extremization of horizontal and vertical displacements of a nonlinear fibre‐reinforced magneto‐elastic rod subjected to an oblique magnetic field and a concentrated load applied at the rod end‐point. The control parameter is the angle formed by the magnetic field and the rod axis. The governing equation is nonlinear in both the unknown function and in the control parameter. The exact (implicit) solution of the governing equation is obtained. Moreover, we apply the Bubnov‐Galerkin procedure and the Newton‐Raphson iterative method to obtain an approximate solution to the problem. Numerical analysis of the approximate solution allows to study the influence of the magnetic field and concentrated force on the rod displacement field.
Cognitive Assessment of Surgeons During Surgical Procedures: Influence of Time and Intraoperative Complications
Authors: Beneduzzi Juliana , Herbella Fernando A. M. , Schlottmann Francisco , Patti Marco G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionSurgeon’s performance may be influenced by several factors that may affect skills and judgement, which ultimately represents surgeon´s cognition. Cognition refers to all forms of knowing and awareness, such as perceiving, conceiving, remembering, reasoning, judging, imagining, and problem solving. This report aims to evaluate the effect of operative time and operative complications on surgeon´s cognition.MethodsForty‐six surgeons (mean age 31 years, 78% males) assigned to an operation expected to last for at least 2 h, volunteered for the study. All participants underwent 3 cognitive tests at the beginning of the operation and hourly, until the end of the procedure: (a) concentration (serial sevens, counting down from 100 by sevens); (b) visual (fast counting, counting the number of circles with the same color among a series of circles); and (c) motor (trail making, connecting a set of numbered dots). Intraoperative complications were recorded.ResultsThe visual test had a stable behavior along time. Concentration and motor tests tend to be performed faster. Intraoperative complications occurred in 5 (11%) cases (3 hemorrhage and 2 organ injuries). Performance time was stable for concentration and motor tests but visual test tends to be performed faster in cases with an intraoperative complication.ConclusionOur results showed that (1) time does not jeopardize surgeons’ cognition, but rather surgeons learned to perform the tests faster, and (2) complications do not decrease surgeons’ cognition.
Scapular Body Fracture in the Athlete: A Systematic Review
Authors: Neral Mithun , Knapik Derrick M. , Wetzel Robert J. , Salata Michael J. , Voos James E. 
Published: August 2018

Background Scapular body fractures generally occur as a result of high-energy, direct trauma to the shoulder sustained in automobile accidents. While such mechanisms have been well described, little is known about scapular body fractures sustained during sporting activities. Questions/Purposes We sought to systematically review the literature on scapular body fracture sustained during sporting activity, recording rates and mechanisms of injury, management strategies, and return-to-sport times. Methods Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we performed a systematic review of studies conducted between 1985 and 2017. Inclusion criteria were studies examining scapular body fractures sustained during sporting activity, fracture management, and patient outcomes. Exclusion criteria were studies on non-sporting-related fractures and those not reporting fracture management or patient outcomes. Results Nine studies encompassing ten cases of scapular body fracture sustained during sporting activity were identified, with acute trauma responsible for 70% of fractures. No patient sustained any associated injuries. Fractures were treated conservatively in 90% of cases, with no reported complications. Mean overall time to return to sport was 2.5 months, while no significant difference in return to sport was appreciated in athletes with acute versus fatigue fractures. Conclusion Scapular body fractures in athletes occur primarily from muscle contraction against a resisted force in the upper extremity during contact sports. Unlike non-sporting fractures, these fractures usually involve low-energy mechanisms without associated injury and conservative treatment is usually successful.
The Psychometric Properties of the Online Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (OGSAS)
Authors: Kalkan Bilal , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOver the last decade, many psychometric instruments have been developed that assess various online problematic behaviors. Despite the many scales assessing gambling disorder (and its equivalents), no instrument assessing the consequences of problematic online gambling currently exists. In order to assess the symptoms and consequences of online gambling disorder, the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS) was modified and its psychometric properties were assessed using exploratory factor analysis. The data were collected from 326 undergraduate and graduate students from a large public Midwestern university in the USA. Results suggest that the newly developed Online Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (OGSAS) is reliable and valid as regards assessing the symptoms of online gambling disorder.
Paleoweathering and Paleoclimatic Reconstructions using Neoproterozoic Paleosol in the Eastern Margin of the Pranhita-Godavari Basin, India
Authors: Sharma Vijay , Pati Pitambar , Dora M. L. , Patel Narendra K. , Dash Chinmay , Alam Parvej , Verma Aditya K. , Gupta Ankit 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
A thin, weakly-developed palaeosol horizon within the Neoproterozoic Sullavai sandstone in the eastern margin of the Pranhita-Godavari basin was studied. Field observations, thin-section studies and geochemical analyses of the palaeosol horizon were carried out to reconstruct the palaeo-weathering and palaeoclimatic conditions. The palaeosol developed on sandstone parent rock. Morphological features of this palaeosol are not distinct, perhaps due to very ancient nature as well as thin occurrence. A few of which that can be mentioned include weakly developed peds and calcareous nodules of size &lt;1 cm - .2 cm. The lower part of the profile preserves incipient parent rocklamination. Major micromorphological features of this palaeosol include weakly-developed sub-angular blocky structure and redoximorphic features showing redox enrichment and redox depletion of Fe oxides and oxyhydroxides. XRD analysis of the palaeosol reveals the presence of glauconite and illite, suggesting deposition of sediments under shallow marine conditions, and prevalence of cold climate, respectively. This is also supported from Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA)and presence of illite. Further, Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW), Clayeness, and Salinization data of the palaeosol clearly suggests an environment where chemical weathering was feeble and cold (11-14°C) palaeo-temperature. XRF results show abundance of K, Ca and Mg which suggest the area was poorly drained along with cooler palaeoclimate during the late Neoproterozoic. Al2O3 concentration at the middle of the soil profile suggests weakly-developed B-horizon, however it is hardly observed in the field. Parent material, cold climate and less time of exposure only resulted in the formation of a thin and weakly-developed soil profile. This ancient soil may represent an unconformity at the basin boundary suggesting a local regression and exposure of the fluvio-marine deposits along the basin boundary. It further needs detailed such studies at various spatio-temporal basinal scales.
Prediabetes and diabetes accelerate cognitive decline and predict microvascular lesions: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Marseglia Anna , Fratiglioni Laura , Kalpouzos Grégoria , Wang Rui , Bäckman Lars , Xu Weili 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe impact of prediabetes and diabetes on cognitive decline and the potential underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated whether prediabetes and diabetes accelerate cognitive decline and brain aging, and the initial pathological changes linked to microvascular processes.MethodsNine‐year longitudinal data from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care‐Kungsholmen (n = 2746, age ≥60 years) and the magnetic resonance imaging subsample (n = 455) were used. Cognitive function was assessed with Mini‐Mental State Examination. Brain magnetic resonance imaging markers included total brain tissue, white matter, gray matter, white matter hyperintensities, and hippocampal volumes.ResultsCompared with diabetes‐free status, prediabetes and diabetes were independently associated with accelerated cognitive decline. Prediabetes was cross‐sectionally associated with smaller total brain tissue volume (P < .01), particularly smaller white matter volume. Diabetes was associated with larger white matter hyperintensities volume. Longitudinally, diabetes was associated with faster white matter hyperintensities accumulation. No associations between prediabetes or diabetes and hippocampal volume were found.DiscussionDiabetes and prediabetes accelerate cognitive decline and might predict microvascular lesions among dementia‐free older adults.
PRICING OF CYBER INSURANCE CONTRACTS IN A NETWORK MODEL
Authors: Fahrenwaldt Matthias A. , Weber Stefan , Weske Kerstin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe develop a novel approach for pricing cyber insurance contracts. The considered cyber threats, such as viruses and worms, diffuse in a structured data network. The spread of the cyber infection is modeled by an interacting Markov chain. Conditional on the underlying infection, the occurrence and size of claims are described by a marked point process. We introduce and analyze a new polynomial approximation of claims together with a mean-field approach that allows to compute aggregate expected losses and prices of cyber insurance. Numerical case studies demonstrate the impact of the network topology and indicate that higher order approximations are indispensable for the analysis of non-linear claims.
Les incidents liés à la composition de la cour ou du tribunal dans le procès international
Authors: SAVADOGO LOUIS 
Published: August 2018

RésuméLe thème de la présente étude en droit interne comme en droit international, se relie au procès dont l’aspect le plus élémentaire réside dans l’indépendance et l’impartialité du juge ou de l’arbitre. De telles qualités peuvent être affectées par des “situations spéciales” empêchant le membre de la cour ou du tribunal de participer au jugement d’une affaire déterminée. Il en résulte deux types d’incidents: la “récusation” et “l’abstention,” mécanismes du droit interne transposés — non sans réticences — dans le droit du contentieux international. Faut-il ajouter qu’il n’existe pas d’unité d’objectif des procédures étudiées. Elles peuvent avoir pour but de garantir l’impartialité du procès (déport ou récusation du membre de l’organe juridictionnel) ou de mettre en cause la possibilité même de mener un débat judicaire (“retrait” spontané de l’arbitre ou refus de siéger à l’instigation de l’État qui l’a constitué). Notre étude examine ces objections au travers des textes de base et de la pratique des juridictions internationales.
Self Help Plus: study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial of guided self-help with South Sudanese refugee women in Uganda
Authors: Brown F. L. , Carswell K. , Augustinavicius J. , Adaku A. , Leku M. R. , White R. G. , Ventevogel P. , Kogan C. S. , García-Moreno C. , Bryant R. A. , Musci R. J. , van Ommeren M. , Tol W. A. 
Published: August 2018

Background.Exposure to armed conflict and forced displacement constitute significant risks for mental health. Existing evidence-based psychological interventions have limitations for scaling-up in low-resource humanitarian settings. The WHO has developed a guided self-help intervention, Self Help Plus (SH+), which is brief, implemented by non-specialists, and designed to be delivered to people with and without specific mental disorders. This paper outlines the study protocol for an evaluation of the SH+ intervention in northern Uganda, with South Sudanese refugee women.Methods.A two-arm, single-blind cluster-randomised controlled trial will be conducted in 14 villages in Rhino Camp refugee settlement, with at least 588 women experiencing psychological distress. Villages will be randomly assigned to receive either SH+ with enhanced usual care (EUC), or EUC alone. SH+ is a five-session guided self-help intervention delivered in workshops with audio-recorded materials and accompanying pictorial guide. The primary outcome is reduction in overall psychological distress over time, with 3 months post-treatment as the primary end-point. Secondary outcomes are self-defined psychosocial concerns, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, hazardous alcohol use, feelings of anger, interethnic relations, psychological flexibility, functional impairment and subjective wellbeing. Psychological flexibility is a hypothesised mediator, and past trauma history and intervention attendance will be explored as potential moderators.Discussion.This trial will provide important information on the effectiveness of a scalable, guided self-help intervention for improving psychological health and wellbeing among people affected by adversity.Trial Registration:ISRCTN50148022; registered 13/03/2017.
Emerging outbreaks associated with conflict and failing healthcare systems in the Middle East
Authors: Raad Issam I. , Chaftari Anne-Marie , Dib Rita Wilson , Graviss Edward A. , Hachem Ray 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe escalating conflicts in the Middle East have been associated with the rapid collapse of the existing healthcare systems in affected countries. As millions of refugees flee their countries, they become vulnerable and exposed to communicable diseases that easily grow into epidemic crises. Here, we describe infectious disease epidemics that have been associated with conflicts in the Middle East, including cholera, poliomyelitis, measles, cutaneous leishmaniasis, and diphtheria, that call for appropriate preventive measures. Local ongoing wars and failing healthcare systems have resulted in regional and global health threats that warrant international medical interventions.
NAVIGATING NETWORKS: PERSONAL CORRESPONDENCE AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN SOUTHERN SONG CHINA, 1127–1279
Authors: Lin Zoe Shan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractForging and using personal networks were and still are common in the Chinese government. Scholars often connect officials’ networking to corruption and factionalism. This article, however, offers a different perspective, through an examination of how Southern Song local officials used personal connections to facilitate their official businesses. I argue that local officials operated networks as an informal means of dealing with governmental affairs outside the normative administrative system. This informal means enabled more efficient political communication that bypassed regular procedures. It also provided local officials with more effective negotiations, especially when defending the interest of their jurisdictions against other agents of the state. Furthermore, the article demonstrates that using connections for governmental affairs, in turn, consolidated and expanded officials’ networks. Altogether, the article depicts a political world in which the interest of “the public” intertwined with that of the “the private,” and the official and non-official means of governing were fused.
Reading and writing the scientific voyage: FitzRoy, Darwin and John Clunies Ross
Authors: ANDERSON KATHARINE 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn unpublished satirical work, writtenc.1848–1854, provides fresh insight into the most famous scientific voyage of the nineteenth century. John Clunies Ross, settler of Cocos-Keeling – which HMSBeaglevisited in April 1836 – felt that Robert FitzRoy and Charles Darwin had ‘depreciated’ the atoll on which he and his family had settled a decade earlier. Producing a mock ‘supplement’ to a new edition of FitzRoy'sNarrative, Ross criticized their science and their casual appropriation of local knowledge. Ross's virtually unknown work is intriguing not only for its glimpse of theBeaglevoyage, but also as a self-portrait of an imperial scientific reader. An experienced merchant seaman and trader–entrepreneur with decades of experience in the region, Ross had a very different perspective from that of FitzRoy or Darwin. Yet he shared many of their assumptions about the importance of natural knowledge, embracing it as part of his own imperial projects. Showing the global reach of print culture, he used editing and revision as satirical weapons, insisting on his right to participate as both reader and author in scientific debate.
Mobilizing Market Power: Jurisdictional Expansion as Economic Statecraft
Authors: Kalyanpur Nikhil , Newman Abraham L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStates with large markets routinely compete with one another to shield domestic regulatory policies from global pressure, export their rules to other jurisdictions, and provide their firms with competitive advantages. Most arguments about market power tend to operationalize the concept in economic terms. In this paper, we argue that a state's ability to leverage or block these adjustment pressures is not only conditioned by their relative economic position but also by the political institutions that govern their markets. Specifically, we expect that where a state chooses to draw jurisdictional boundaries over markets directly shapes its global influence. When a state expands its jurisdiction, harmonizing rules across otherwise distinct subnational or national markets, for example, it can curtail a rival's authority. We test the theory by assessing how changes in internal governance within the European Union altered firm behavior in response to US extraterritorial pressure. Empirically, we examine foreign firm delisting decisions from US stock markets after the adoption of the Sarbanes–Oxley accounting legislation. The act, which included an exogenous compliance shock, follows the harmonization of stock market governance across various European jurisdictions. Econometric analysis of firm-level data illustrates that EU-based companies, which benefited from jurisdictional expansion, were substantially more likely to leave the American market and avoid adjustment pressures. Our findings contribute to debates on the role of political institutions in economic statecraft and suggest the conditions under which future regulatory conflicts will arise between status quo and rising economic powers.
Sexuality, Political Polarization, and Survey Reports of Religious Nonaffiliation
Authors: Brenner Philip S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSurvey estimates of the religiously unaffiliated in the United States—between 20% and 25%—make this group one of the largest “religious” categories in the country. Recent research argues that political polarization pushes political liberals and moderates to report no religious affiliation to distance themselves from religious conservatives. One key point of polarization behind this phenomenon is sexuality-focused politics, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) rights and discrimination. The current research uses a split-ballot survey experiment to investigate sexuality-focused political polarization as a cause of the reports of religious nonaffiliation. A sample of 2,238 respondents, stratified by sexual orientation (half LGBQ, half straight), completed a brief web survey starting with two randomly ordered series of questions on religion and sexuality. Findings suggest that sexuality-focused political polarization is not likely to be a primary cause of survey respondents’ claims of religious nonaffiliation.
The first attempts in Mexico and Central America to address the phenomenon of missing and disappeared migrants
Authors: Citroni Gabriella 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe phenomenon of missing migrants, including victims of enforced disappearance, presents exceptional challenges due to its specific features and transnational scope. This article analyzes the case of missing and disappeared migrants in Mexico and illustrates the obstacles faced by their families, mostly residing in Central America, in their efforts to establish the fate and whereabouts of their loved ones and to obtain justice and redress. The article describes the process which led to the establishment of three mechanisms – a Forensic Commission, an Investigative Unit on Crimes against Migrants and an External Mechanism of Support for Search and Investigation – that aim at providing innovative responses and tackling the transnational dimension of the issue. The first significant achievements are presented, along with the remaining pitfalls.
Prenatal exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of Canadian Arctic contaminants decreases male reproductive function in an aging rat model
Authors: Maurice C. , Kaczmarczyk M. , Côté N. , Tremblay Y. , Kimmins S. , Bailey J. L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractElevated levels of organochlorines (OC) have been reported in Inuit populations in the Arctic. We hypothesized that prenatal exposure to a Canadian Arctic OC mixture adversely affects male reproductive function and health with age. Sprague–Dawley female rats (F0) were gavaged with an environmentally relevant concentration of an Arctic OC mixture or corn oil (Control) during mating with untreated males until parturition (F1 litters). After postnatal day (PND) 90, the weights of the OC F1 males differed dramatically relative to Controls (P<0.05;n=10) and they exhibited respiratory distress. Except for possible thinning of the alveolar barrier, histological observation of the lungs revealed no apparent pathology to explain the respiratory distress. At PND 365, OC F1 males had reduced relative reproductive organ weights and lower sperm quality than Controls (P<0.05). At PND 90, OC F1 males were subfertile (P<0.05), but were infertile at PND 365. In conclusion, environmentally relevant prenatal OC exposure reduced reproductive function and health in aging male rats, providing new insight into the effects of early-life exposures to these contaminants.
Extension of the crRNA enhances Cpf1 gene editing in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Park Hyo Min , Liu Hui , Wu Joann , Chong Anthony , Mackley Vanessa , Fellmann Christof , Rao Anirudh , Jiang Fuguo , Chu Hunghao , Murthy Niren , Lee Kunwoo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEngineering of the Cpf1 crRNA has the potential to enhance its gene editing efficiency and non-viral delivery to cells. Here, we demonstrate that extending the length of its crRNA at the 5′ end can enhance the gene editing efficiency of Cpf1 both in cells and in vivo. Extending the 5′ end of the crRNA enhances the gene editing efficiency of the Cpf1 RNP to induce non-homologous end-joining and homology-directed repair using electroporation in cells. Additionally, chemical modifications on the extended 5′ end of the crRNA result in enhanced serum stability. Also, extending the 5′ end of the crRNA by 59 nucleotides increases the delivery efficiency of Cpf1 RNP in cells and in vivo cationic delivery vehicles including polymer nanoparticle. Thus, 5′ extension and chemical modification of the Cpf1 crRNA is an effective method for enhancing the gene editing efficiency of Cpf1 and its delivery in vivo.