bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production and Validation of Non-Planar Electroplated 3D Printed Circuit Boards
Authors: Simonson Kevin , Valdes Alexander , Narvaez Diana , Newell Brittany 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Multi-material 3D Printing is an emerging technology that allows users to create more complex and more functional products using multiple filament options. Many methods and systems are currently used to accomplish a multi-material print and the machines capable of this process have improved significantly in recent years. Electroplating is a process that allows for thin layers of metal to be deposited onto conductive substrates. It is achieved through an electrical-chemical reaction where an anode of a sacrificial material is charged alongside a cathode of the desired object to be plated while they are both submerged in an electrolytic solution. Passing a current through the solution for an extended period of time allows for ions of the sacrificial anode to attach to the cathode and form a uniform layer. Combining these two manufacturing processes allows for the creation of non-planar, electrically conductive traces, or Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). For this work samples were printed on a Lulzbot Pro Dual Extruder model with a traditional Polylactic Acid (PLA) filament and an electrically conductive PLA filament in an orientation that allowed smooth, continuous traces to be manufactured. The specimens were then submerged as the cathode in a copper-sulfate electroplating solution alongside a specified amount of copper proportionate to the surface area that was coated for a set duration to produce a copper layer on the traces. A frequency response analysis (FRA) was performed with the electroplated sample. Using this FRA data, the resonant frequency was quantified to show where and how strongly the frequency-based impedance affects the circuit’s performance. In conjunction with FRA, a Wheatstone Bridge was constructed in accordance with IEEE Std118-1978 to measure the resistance of the trace to characterize the resistivity of the material. These values were compared with results from standard copper. using statistical methods.
Modelling of Dielectric Elastomer Multiactuator Networks As Cooperative Systems
Authors: Jiao Chen , Tripathi Ashwani Sharan , Marschner Uwe , Richter Andreas , Henke Ernst-Friedrich Markus 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Collaborative multi-actuator systems represent a promising avenue for the development of visionary applications such as robotics, medical appliances, and advanced user interfaces. Among various technologies, Dielectric Elastomer (DE) transducers exhibit synergistic properties conducive to cooperative systems. The same material can fulfill different tasks, such as actuation, sensing, or energy harvesting. Combining multiple DE actuators and DE switches can enable similar soft structures to implement basic logic and storage functions. In this paper, we present a mathematical model for a DE transducer network capable of complex actuation tasks. Drawing from our research on DE sensors and actuators, we have developed a model that integrates DE components to simulate multi-actuator networks. Multiple DE switches are interconnected through logic unit designs to achieve complex electro-mechanical behaviors. We predict the multiple outputs of a single input pulse voltage for a highly integrated inverter system through simulation. It opens more possibilities in the application field of cooperative multi-actuator systems.
Expanded geographic distribution for two
Legionella pneumophila
sequence types of clinical concern
Authors: Hamlin Jennafer A. P. , Kozak-Muiznieks Natalia A. , Mercante Jeffrey W. , Rishishwar Lavanya , Norris Emily T. , Gaines Anna B. , Ishaq Maliha K. , Winchell Jonas M. , Willby Melisa J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Legionella pneumophila
serogroup 1 sequence types (ST) 213 and 222, a single-locus variant of ST213, were first detected in the early 1990s in the Midwest United States (U.S.) and the late 1990s in the Northeast U.S. and Canada. Since 1992, these STs have increasingly been implicated in community-acquired sporadic and outbreak-associated Legionnaires’ disease (LD) cases. We were interested in understanding the change in LD frequency due to these STs and identifying genetic features that differentiate these STs from one another. For the geographic area examined here (Mountain West to Northeast) and over the study period (1992–2020), ST213/222-associated LD cases identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention increased by 0.15 cases per year, with ST213/222-associated LD cases concentrated in four states: Michigan (26%), New York (18%), Minnesota (16%), and Ohio (10%). Additionally, between 2002 and 2021, ST222 caused at least five LD outbreaks in the U.S.; no known outbreaks due to ST213 occurred in the U.S. during this time. We compared the genomes of 230 ST213/222 isolates and found that the mean of the average nucleotide identity (ANI) within each ST was high (99.92% for ST222 and 99.92% for ST213), with a minimum between ST ANI of 99.50% and a maximum of 99.87%, indicating low genetic diversity within and between these STs. While genomic features were identified (e.g., plasmids and CRISPR-Cas systems), no association explained the increasing geographic distribution and prevalence of ST213 and ST222. Yet, we provide evidence of the expanded geographical distribution of ST213 and ST222 in the U.S.

IMPORTANCE

Since the 1990s, cases of Legionnaires’ disease (LD) attributed to a pair of closely related
Legionella pneumophila
variants, ST213 and ST222, have increased in the U.S. Furthermore, between 2002 and 2021, ST222 caused at least five outbreaks of LD in the U.S., while ST213 has not been linked to any U.S. outbreak. We wanted to understand how the rate of LD cases attributed to these variants has changed over time and compare the genetic features of the two variants. Between 1992 and 2020, we determined an increase of 0.15 LD cases ascribed to ST213/222 per year in the geographic region studied. Our research shows that these STs are spreading within the U.S., yet most of the cases occurred in four states: Michigan, New York, Minnesota, and Ohio. Additionally, we found little genetic diversity within and between these STs nor could specific genetic features explain their geographic spread.
Rapid and sensitive detection of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
using nested multi-enzyme isothermal rapid amplification in a single reaction
Authors: Chang Yingchao , Zhang Mi , Liu Gaowen , Wu Xinlin , Yan Qiaolu , Yang Cuixian , Liu Li , Feng Yue , Xia Xueshan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem, and there is an urgent need for rapid, sensitive, and easy-to-use diagnostic technologies to improve TB diagnosis. In this study, we developed the nested multi-enzyme isothermal rapid amplification (nestMIRA) assay for TB. We designed several pairs of primers and probes targeting the IS6110 sequence of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb) and performed combinatorial testing to optimize the performance of the TB nestMIRA assay. The reaction can be performed at a constant temperature of approximately 40°C and completed within 30 minutes in the same tube without opening the central cap. There has been no cross-reactivity with common
non-tuberculous mycobacteria
(NTB) and respiratory pathogens. The TB nestMIRA assay has a minimum detection limit of 5 copies/μL for H37Rv genomic DNA and a limit of quantification of 100 CFU/ml. To test the diagnostic performance of the TB nestMIRA assay, we conducted a 163-person clinical cohort study using comprehensive reference standards as the gold standard for clinical diagnosis. Our study showed that TB nestMIRA performed slightly better than GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) (85.27% vs. 82.17%) and significantly better than culture (55.81%) and acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear (38.76%). The TB nestMIRA assay offers speed, specificity, sensitivity, and convenience. We believe that it has the potential to be a rapid alternative for TB diagnosis, particularly in resource-limited settings.

IMPORTANCE

In this study, we have successfully developed a method called nested multi-enzyme isothermal rapid amplification (nestMIRA) for the detection of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb). This method involves a two-step thermostatic amplification process in the same tube and can be read using fluorescence and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assays. It is known to be rapid, specific, and highly sensitive. Our method has shown promising results in the detection of clinical specimens, and we believe that it can be a valuable tool for the rapid detection of Mtb in a clinical setting.
Device-measured vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA) and major adverse cardiovascular events: evidence of sex differences
Authors: Stamatakis Emmanuel , Ahmadi Matthew , Biswas Raaj Kishore , del Pozo Cruz Borja , Thøgersen-Ntoumani Cecilie , Murphy Marie H , Sabag Angelo , Lear Scott , Chow Clara , Gill Jason M R , Hamer Mark 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundVigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA) refers to brief bouts of intense physical activity embedded into daily life.ObjectiveTo examine sex differences in the dose–response association of VILPA with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and its subtypes.MethodsUsing multivariable-adjusted cubic splines, we examined the associations of daily VILPA duration with overall MACE and its subtypes (incident myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke) among non-exercisers (individuals self-reporting no leisure-time exercise and no more than one recreational walk per week) in the UK Biobank. We also undertook analogous analyses for vigorous physical activity among exercisers (individuals self-reporting participation in leisure-time exercise and/or recreational walking more than once a week).ResultsAmong 13 018 women and 9350 men, there were 331 and 488 all MACE, respectively, over a 7.9-year follow-up. In women, daily VILPA duration exhibited a near-linear dose–response association with all MACE, myocardial infarction and heart failure. In men, dose-reponse curves were less clear with less evidence of statistical signifigance. Compared with women with no VILPA, women’s median daily VILPA duration of 3.4 min was associated with hazard ratios (HRs; 95% confidence intervals) of 0.55 (0.41 to 0.75) for all MACE and 0.33 (0.18 to 0.59) for heart failure. Women’s minimum doses of 1.2–1.6 min of VILPA per day were associated with HRs of 0.70 (0.58 to 0.86) for all MACE, 0.67 (0.50 to 0.91) for myocardial infarction, and 0.60 (0.45 to 0.81) for heart failure. The equivalent analyses in UK Biobank’s accelerometry sub-study exercisers suggested no appreciable sex differences in dose–response.ConclusionsAmong non-exercising women, small amounts of VILPA were associated with a substantially lower risk of all MACE, myocardial infarction and heart failure. VILPA may be a promising physical activity target for cardiovascular disease prevention, particularly in women unable or not willing to engage in formal exercise.
Low physical fitness indicates future injury, mental health, menstrual cycle disruptions, and burnout in female emergency service personnel and healthcare providers
Authors: Edwards Chris M. , Puranda Jessica L. , Miller Émilie , MacDonald Meaghan L. , Aboudlal Mohamed , Adamo Kristi B. 
Published: October 2024

Musculoskeletal injury (MSKi), depression, anxiety, and burnout place a considerable burden on emergency services personnel and healthcare providers (HCP). Physical fitness is related to both mental and physical health in these populations, but females in these are hugely underrepresented in this literature. As female representation in first-responder and HCP roles increases, the need for female-specific research is needed. This study examines physical fitness as a short-term indicator of future reproductive health, MSKi, and mental health for females employed as first-responders or HCP. Thirteen first-responders and 29 HCP completed an initial health and demographics questionnaire, a comprehensive physical assessment (e.g., bone mineral density, muscular strength, muscular endurance, muscular power, flexibility, and aerobic capacity), and a health questionnaire 6–7 months after the physical testing. We found that (i) bone mineral density, relative upper body strength, and lower body power were related to sustaining future MSKi, (ii) better lower body endurance and flexibility were related to future menstrual cycle disruptions, and (iii) low bone mineral density was related to future self-reported burnout and Patient Health Questionnaire score ≥ 10. Physical fitness characteristics can be helpful indicators of future MSKi risk, menstrual cycle disruptions, and mental health status in females employed in arduous occupations.
Non-parametric reconstruction of the fine structure constant with galaxy clusters
Authors: Ferreira Marcelo , Holanda Rodrigo F. L. , Gonzalez Javier E. , Colaço L. R. , Nunes Rafael C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTesting possible variations in fundamental constants of nature is a crucial endeavor in observational cosmology. This paper investigates potential cosmological variations in the fine structure constant ($$\alpha $$
α
) through a non-parametric approach, using galaxy cluster observations as the primary cosmological probe. We employ two methodologies based on galaxy cluster gas mass fraction measurements derived from X-ray and Sunyaev–Zeldovich observations, along with luminosity distances from type Ia supernovae. We also explore how different values of the Hubble constant ($$H_0$$

H
0

) impact the variation of $$\alpha $$
α
across cosmic history. When using the Planck satellite’s $$H_0$$

H
0

observations, a constant $$\alpha $$
α
is ruled out at approximately the 3$$\sigma $$
σ
confidence level for $$z \lesssim 0.5$$

z
≲
0.5

. Conversely, employing local estimates of $$H_0$$

H
0

restores agreement with a constant $$\alpha $$
α
.
The Effect of Electromagnetic Interference Produced by Smartphones Using 5G Network on Patients With Permanent Pacemakers (EMS5G‐PPM Study)
Authors: Wisaratapong Treechada , Pechaksorn Nutthapong , Liabsuetrakul Tippawan , Lohawijarn Watchara 
Published: October 2024

Background: The safety of new‐generation mobile phones using 5G networks in patients with modern‐generation pacemakers has not been studied.Objectives: This study aimed to compare the risk of electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by a new‐generation mobile phone with 5G networks when positioned at the pacemaker pocket or the contralateral ear and assess the incidence of EMI with telemetry interrogation in patients with permanent pacemakers.Methods: We enrolled 489 patients with pacemakers from three different manufacturers. The pacemaker mode was programmed for overdrive pacing and sensing mode if an intrinsic rhythm was present. A smartphone (Samsung S21 + 5G) was placed directly over the pulse generator and right ear. The phone was tested under standby mode, 5G internet connection, and incoming and outgoing calls for each location. Real‐time electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring and patient symptoms were recorded to determine the occurrence of EMI. The possibility of EMI with interrogation telemetry was also investigated.Results: A total of 4824 tests were performed on 489 patients. Most pacemakers were dual‐chamber (82%) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐compatible systems (83%). EMI was not detected with both mobile phone positions. Interference with telemetry was demonstrated in 11.5% of patients. Almost all incidences of interference (98.2%) occurred during incoming calls. Single‐chamber pacemakers, non‐MRI‐compatible systems, older pulse generators, older leads, and unipolar settings were significantly related to a higher incidence of interference with interrogation telemetry.Conclusions: The risk of EMI between modern smartphones with 5G networks and pacemakers is low. Nevertheless, interference with the interrogation telemetry may still occur.
Gender Differences in Amplitude of Low‐Frequency Fluctuation Alterations in Healthy Volunteers by Acupuncture on Left “LI 15”: A Resting‐State fMRI Study
Authors: Li Guoyan , Jing Yinghua , Ren Jing , Cui Song , Yu Ding 
Published: October 2024

Objectives: This study is aimed at evaluating gender differences in neural activity change response to the acupuncture on left Jianyu (LI 15) in healthy volunteers.Methods: Forty healthy volunteers (20 males and 20 females) received 20‐min acupuncture on left LI 15 and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans before and after acupuncture. Amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in the 0.01–0.08 Hz range were determined for both scans. Paired t‐tests were performed on ALFF between two scans separately for the male and female groups to identify neural changes related to acupuncture.Results: After acupuncture, males showed significantly increased ALFF in the left cerebellum and right angular gyrus but decreased ALFF in the left precentral gyrus, left inferior occipital gyrus, and right fusiform gyrus. However, the ALFF change in females is almost negligible.Conclusions: Brain functional activity in response to acupuncture on left LI 15 is noticeably different between males and females. This is preliminary evidence that gender may be an important factor for optimal clinically personalized acupuncture therapy for poststroke shoulder pain in the future.
Association Between Dietary Fiber and the Severity of Depression Symptoms
Authors: Yang Yi , Shi Lubo , Zeng Shihan , Chen Chuyan 
Published: October 2024

Aim: Our study is aimed at exploring the correlation between consumption of dietary fiber and the severity of depression symptoms.Methods: This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning from 2007 to 2018, employing a cross‐sectional design. The relationship between the severity of depression symptoms and intake of total cereals, vegetables, and fruits dietary fiber was assessed using both univariate and multivariate linear/logistic regression analyses. Stratified analyses were conducted based on hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cancer or malignancy, and cardiovascular disease.Results: This study included 28,852 participants who were classified into 21,696 with nondepression symptoms, 4614 with mild depression symptoms, 1583 with moderate depression symptoms, 684 with moderately severe depression symptoms, and 275 with severe depression symptoms. After adjusting all confounding factors, we observed a negative correlation between total dietary fiber and depression symptoms (beta = −0.004, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: −0.006, −0.002). Taking nondepression symptoms as a reference, total dietary fiber was found to have an inverse association with moderate (OR = 0.976, 95% CI: 0.962–0.991), moderately severe (OR = 0.963, 95% CI: 0.938–0.990), and severe depression symptoms (OR = 0.960, 95% CI: 0.921–1.001; marginal significance), respectively.Conclusion: The intakes of total dietary fibers might be related to moderate/moderately severe/severe depression symptoms, and a negative association was shown between total dietary fiber intakes and the risk of depression symptoms.
CAR-Macrophage Therapy Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Wang Jiawan , Du Heng , Xie Wanrun , Bi Jinmiao , Zhang Hao , Liu Xu , Wang Yuhan , Zhang Shaolong , Lei Anhua , He Chuting , Yuan Hailong , Zhang Jiahe , Li Yujing , Xu Pengfei , Liu Siqi , Zhou Yanan , Shen Jianghua , Wu Jingdong , Cai Yihong , Yang Chaofan , Li Zeya , Liang Yingxin , Zhao Yang , Zhang Jin , Song Moshi 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
Given the growing acknowledgment of the detrimental effects of excessive myocardial fibrosis on pathological remodeling after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R), targeting the modulation of myocardial fibrosis may offer protective and therapeutic advantages. However, effective clinical interventions and therapies that target myocardial fibrosis remain limited. As a promising chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapy, whether CAR macrophages (CAR-Ms) can be used to treat I/R remains unclear.

METHODS:
The expression of FAP (fibroblast activation protein) was studied in mouse hearts after I/R. FAP CAR-Ms were generated to target FAP-expressing cardiac fibroblasts in mouse hearts after I/R. The phagocytosis activity of FAP CAR-Ms was tested in vitro. The efficacy and safety of FAP CAR-Ms in treating I/R were evaluated in vivo.

RESULTS:
FAP was significantly upregulated in activated cardiac fibroblasts as early as 3 days after I/R. Upon demonstrating their ability to engulf FAP-overexpressing fibroblasts, we intravenously administered FAP CAR-Ms to mice at 3 days after I/R and found that FAP CAR-Ms significantly improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial fibrosis in mice after I/R. No toxicities associated with FAP CAR-Ms were detected in the heart or other organs at 2 weeks after I/R. Finally, we found that FAP CAR-Ms conferred long-term cardioprotection against I/R.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our proof-of-concept study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of FAP CAR-Ms in alleviating myocardial I/R and potentially opens new avenues for the treatment of a range of heart diseases that include a fibrotic phenotype.
Cost-Effectiveness of Salt Substitution and Antihypertensive Drug Treatment in Chinese Prehypertensive Adults
Authors: Sun Zhijia , Zhang Haijun , Ding Yinqi , Yu Canqing , Sun Dianjianyi , Pang Yuanjie , Pei Pei , Yang Ling , Chen Yiping , Du Huaidong , Hu Weijie , Avery Daniel , Chen Junshi , Chen Zhengming , Li Liming , Lv Jun ,   on behalf of the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group†
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
Recent guidelines recommend antihypertensive drug treatment for prehypertensive individuals with blood pressure between 130/80 and 139/89 mm Hg. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of 3 interventions in Chinese prehypertensive adults: salt substitution, antihypertensive drug treatment, and their combination.

METHODS:
We developed a Markov cohort model to estimate cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, costs, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) over a lifetime. Data from the China Kadoorie Biobank informed the simulation. Costs and utilities were drawn from published sources. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of salt substitution alone, antihypertensive drug treatment alone, and a combination of the 2, focusing on the overall prehypertensive population, those at high CVD risk, and different starting ages (40, 50, 60, and 70 years). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated per QALY gained.

RESULTS:
Salt substitution at age 40 years is the only cost-effective strategy for prehypertensive individuals, with an ICER of $6413.62/QALY. For those at high CVD risk, the combination intervention starting at age 40 years is most cost-effective, with an ICER of $2913.30/QALY. Interventions initiated at younger ages yielded greater CVD reductions and lower ICERs. For example, a combined intervention at age 40 years reduces CVD events by 5.3% with an ICER of $2913.30/QALY, compared with 4.9% and $32 635.33/QALY at age 70 years. These results were consistent across sensitivity analyses.

CONCLUSIONS:
In China, replacing usual salt with a salt substitute is more cost-effective than treating prehypertensive individuals over the age of 40 years with antihypertensive drugs. Furthermore, starting intervention at a younger age in prehypertensive adults can result in even greater cost savings.