bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling shale spontaneous water intake using semi‐analytical and numerical approaches
Authors: Mohammadmoradi Peyman , Kantzas Apostolos 
Published: November 2018

AbstractShale matrix water intake during hydraulic fracturing is considered undesirable due to the high volume of unrestrained water loss; however, it is also rewarding because it can reduce the possibility of groundwater contamination. The water intake also plays a dual role in changing the shale production performance; water imbibition into matrix pores can dramatically reduce the effective permeability and, at the same time, might enhance hydrocarbon production by creating adsorption‐induced micro‐fractures. Quantifying the formation intake capacity and its breadth is the key to optimizing fracturing operation, flowback, and production strategy. This work entails complementary semi‐analytical and numerical analyses and investigates the effects of basic rock and fluid properties, wettability heterogeneity, and pore space connectivity on the shale imbibition characteristics. We consider a semi‐analytical formulation of the spontaneous water imbibition, together with model results and validations, and try to provide a framework to link the capillary imbibition capacity/rate to lab‐scale observations. The core‐scale measurements provide input for a sensitivity study on the matrix imbibition capacity in six shale plays in North America. The results suggest that rock permeability, hydraulic tortuosity, and initial and residual hydrocarbon saturations are among the most influential factors on the spontaneous water intake during shut‐in periods. Direct quasi‐static simulations are then conducted through a submicron tomography image of the Eagle Ford shale, and two‐phase pore‐level fluid occupancies are reconstructed during spontaneous and forced imbibition processes. According to the numerical results, the presence of continuous organic matter laminae can lower the destructive effects of water imbibition on the hydrocarbon permeability.
CFD simulation of flashing jet applied to area classification
Authors: de Oliveira Talles Caio Linhares , Pereira Neto Antônio Tavernard , Alves José Jailson Nicácio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIndustrially flammable gases are stored and transported in the form of pressurized liquid. The occurrence of leaks from pressurized flammable liquids in vessels or pipes may cause a two‐phase release, containing a mixture of liquid droplets and vapour of flammable substances. This phenomenon, called flashing, occurs when a superheated liquid comes into a lower pressure environment. The study and understanding of this type of release are of fundamental importance for the hazardous area classification that is addressed by the IEC 60079‐10‐1 standard, which recommends the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the calculation of a hazardous area. This work uses CFD to predict the hazardous area extent and volume that resulted from the complex two‐phase release, which had not been addressed previously in other literature. The influence of wind and release conditions on the area classification is analyzed. The CFD results agree with the available experimental data. A new parameter as a function of the volume and extent of the jet is proposed for hazardous area classification.
Associations of ideal cardiovascular health with GlycA, a novel inflammatory marker: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Benson Eve‐Marie A. , Tibuakuu Martin , Zhao Di , Akinkuolie Akintunde O. , Otvos James D. , Duprez Daniel A. , Jacobs David R. , Mora Samia , Michos Erin D. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundUnhealthy lifestyles and inflammation contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD). GlycA is a novel biomarker of systemic inflammation representing post‐translational glycosylation of acute phase reactants and associated with increased clinical CVD risk.HypothesisWe hypothesized that ideal cardiovascular health (CVH), as assessed by (higher) Life's Simple 7 (LS7) scores, would be associated with lower GlycA levels among individuals free of CVD in a multiethnic community‐based population.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of 6479 Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants [53% women; mean age 62 ± 10 years] with GlycA levels measured at baseline by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The LS7 metrics (smoking, physical activity, diet, body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose) were each scored as ideal (2), moderate (1), or poor (0). Total scores were summed and categorized as optimal (12‐14), average (8‐11), and inadequate (0‐7). Linear regression assessed percent difference in GlycA by LS7 scores, after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, education, income, family history of CVD, and other inflammatory biomarkers.ResultsGlycA levels were 403.4 ± 63.1, 374.4 ± 59.2, and 350.3 ± 56.2 micromoles per liter (μmol/L) for inadequate, average, and optimal CVH, respectively (P‐trend <0.001). After multivariable adjustment, GlycA remained independently and inversely associated with CVH categories, with a lower mean GlycA level of 5 μmol/L (95% confidence interval 4.5‐5.8) for each one unit increment in LS7 score.ConclusionsAmong this group of ethnically diverse individuals without CVD, suboptimal CVH is associated with higher GlycA levels, independent of traditional inflammatory biomarkers. Strategies aimed at improving CVH might reduce GlycA, which could be a marker of reduced risk of future CVD events.
Accuracy of diagnosing mantle cell lymphoma and identifying its variants on fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Foshat Michelle , Stewart John , Khoury Joseph D. , Staerkel Gregg A. , Caraway Nancy P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B‐cell lymphoma portending an aggressive clinical course; the blastoid and pleomorphic morphological variants have an even worse prognosis. In addition, patients with classic morphology and a high proliferation index (HPI), also have reduced survival. Although variants have been defined, to the authors’ knowledge the ability to detect these subtypes by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has not been described.MethodsMCL cases diagnosed by lymph node FNAB with concurrent core needle biopsy were reviewed from 146 patients, accounting for 172 specimen pairs. FNAB and core needle biopsy diagnoses were compared to determine concordance rates. Flow cytometric immunophenotype and Ki‐67 rates were evaluated.ResultsThe classic subtype was diagnosed in 58% of cases (99 of 172 pairs) and variant morphology was diagnosed in 42% of cases (73 of 172 pairs) by histology. Twenty‐nine patients presented with variant morphology whereas 28 underwent transformation. A nontraditional immunophenotype including loss of CD5 or FMC‐7 and expression of CD23 and CD10 was found in 44% of variants (29 of 66 variants) and 19% of classic subtypes (18 of 94 classic subtypes) (P = .0008). Ki‐67 rates averaged from 56% to 76% for blastoid and pleomorphic cases, 53% to 55% for MCL‐HPI cases, and 17% to 19% for classic cases. The sensitivity and specificity to detect MCL variants by FNAB were 74% and 93%, respectively.ConclusionsThe accuracy of diagnosing MCL is high when adequate samples for cytomorphology and flow cytometry are obtained. Subtyping variants by cytomorphology alone has challenges, but overall demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity. The performance of Ki‐67 on cytology specimens is useful for detecting MCL with HPI.
Preventing phishing attacks using text and image watermarking
Authors: Hajiali Mahdi , Amirmazlaghani Maryam , Kordestani Hossain 
Published: November 2018

SummaryPhishing is a form of identity theft used to illegally gather personal and financial information by providing fake web pages designed to mimic the website of a legitimate business. In this paper, we propose a novel anti‐phishing approach based on using imperceptible watermarking and monitoring the HTTP requests. In the server‐side, a URL dependent watermark is generated and embedded in the elements of the web page, which are logo image and HTML/CSS files. In the client side, to authenticate the website and check its safety, the watermark is regenerated and compared with the extracted watermarks from the elements of the webpage. Security analysis of the proposed method demonstrates its robustness against some common attacks. The proposed method performs fully automatically and without user interaction. It can be simply implemented and used for all kinds of websites, either secured or not secured with SSL protocol.
Butanediol Conversion to Gamma‐Hydroxybutyrate Markedly Reduced by the Alcohol Dehydrogenase Blocker Fomepizole
Authors: Liakoni Evangelia , Gugelmann Hallam , Dempsey Delia A. , Wiegand Timothy J. , Havel Christopher , Jacob Peyton , Benowitz Neal L. 
Published: November 2018

1,4‐Butanediol (BDO)—used as solvent and abused for its euphoric effects—is converted to gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. This double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study with six healthy volunteers is the first to date investigating the role of the ADH inhibitor fomepizole (4‐methylpyrazole (4MP)) in moderating this conversion in humans. Participants received on two different days either intravenous placebo or 15 mg/kg 4MP followed by oral administration of 25 mg/kg BDO. Pretreatment with 4MP resulted in significantly higher BDO maximal plasma concentration (P = 0.001) and area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC; P = 0.028), confirming that ADH is the primary pathway for the conversion of BDO to GHB in humans. With 4MP, the mean arterial pressure was significantly lower at 105 minutes compared to baseline (P = 0.003), indicating that blood pressure lowering, observed not with a temporal relationship to 4MP administration but after the maximum BDO concentration was reached, may be an intrinsic effect of BDO.
Early treatment ofClassIIImalocclusion with facemask therapy
Authors: Menéndez‐Díaz Iván , Muriel Juan , Cobo Juan L. , Álvarez Covadonga , Cobo Teresa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe facemask is a widely used device in the treatment of Class III malocclusion and is intended to anteriorly displace the superior maxilla or stimulate its growth in that direction. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatment using orthopedic maxillary expansion with facemask therapy in patients with Class III malocclusion. Sixty‐four patients, with a mean age of 8.14 ± 1.18 years at the start of treatment and a mean age of 9.78 ± 1.19 years at the end, were treated using orthopedic maxillary expansion and associated facemask therapy. The patients were evaluated using lateral head teleradiography before and after treatment, and the differences were analyzed. In addition, binary logistic regression was used as a model for predicting successful treatment. When comparing the changes achieved by treatment, statistically significant favorable changes were found at the skeletal level. Furthermore, an improvement in the airways at all levels was detected. Orthopedic maxillary expansion associated with facemask therapy has proven effective in treating early skeletal Class III malocclusion.
Alcohol Synthesis from CO2, H2, and Olefins over Alkali‐Promoted Au Catalysts—A Catalytic and In situ FTIR Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Heyl Denise , Kreyenschulte Carsten , Kondratenko Vita A. , Bentrup Ursula , Kondratenko Evgenii V. , Brückner Angelika 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAu/TiO2 and Au/SiO2 catalysts containing 2 wt % Au and different amounts of K or Cs were tested for alcohol synthesis from CO2, H2, and C2H4/C3H6. 1‐Propanol or 1‐butanol/isobutanol were obtained in the presence of C2H4 or C3H6. Higher yields of the corresponding alcohols were obtained over TiO2‐based catalysts in comparison with their SiO2‐based counterparts. This is caused by an enhanced ability of the TiO2‐based catalysts for CO2 activation, as concluded from in situ fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and temporal analysis of products (TAP) studies. The synthesized carbonate and formate species adsorbed on the support do not hamper CO2 conversion into CO and the hydroformylation reaction. The transformation of Auδ+ to active Au0 sites proceeds during an activation procedure. As reflected by CO adsorption and scanning transmission electron microscopy, the accessible Au0 sites are influenced by the amount of alkali dopants and the support. FTIR data and TAP tests reveal a very weak interaction of C2H4 with the catalyst, suggesting its quick reaction with CO and H2 after activation on Au0 sites to form propanol and propane.
Evolution of Reactions of a Fluoride Shuttle Battery at the Surfaces of BiF3 Microclusters Studied by In Situ Raman Microscopy
Authors: Yamanaka Toshiro , Okazaki Ken‐ichi , Abe Takeshi , Nishio Koji , Ogumi Zempachi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFluoride shuttle batteries (FSBs), which utilize defluorination of metal fluorides and fluorination of the resultant metals, are expected to have high energy densities. In situ Raman microscopy was conducted during FSB reactions of a nearly‐2D cluster of orthorhombic BiF3 microparticles partly embedded in a gold‐plated film (o‐BiF3/gold). At a high overpotential, defluorination of the surface of an o‐BiF3 particle (or cluster) was almost completed within approximately 120 s. At a low over potential, defluorination proceeded from the contours of the cluster that was in contact with the gold to the center of the cluster, suggesting that the rate‐limiting process was electronic diffusion. Conversely, fluorination proceeded uniformly at the surface of the cluster to form BiF3 with a cubic structure (c‐BiF3). The results will lead to the establishment of a strategy for efficient use of active materials with low electronic and ionic conductivities.
Recent Progress in the Design and Synthesis of Nitrides for Mesoscopic and Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kang Jin Soo , Kang Jiho , Sung Yung‐Eun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWith growing concerns about global warming and the energy crisis, a variety of photovoltaic devices have attracted worldwide attention as alternative energy sources. Among them, organic–inorganic hybrid photovoltaics, typically mesoscopic and perovskite solar cells, are promising, owing to their potential for low‐cost energy production, which mainly comes from unlimited combinations of materials optimized for each step of solar energy conversion. However, the commercialization of organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells is hampered by costly electrocatalysts or hole‐transport materials. Currently, state‐of‐the‐art dye‐ or quantum‐dot‐sensitized solar cells and perovskite solar cells necessitate noble metals and high‐price polymeric materials. In an attempt to resolve this issue, various kinds of metal compounds have been investigated, and nitrides have been actively reported to possess a number of favorable properties for the aforementioned purpose, such as excellent electrical conductivity and superb electrocatalytic performance. Herein, the use of nitrides as cost‐effective electrocatalysts or hole‐transport materials in organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells is reviewed. Nitrides with a variety of morphologies and scales are discussed, together with the synergistic effect in the case of diverse composites. In addition, prospects and challenges for applying nitride materials are briefly suggested.
Boosting Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Activity with Ni‐Doped MoS2/Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid Aerogel
Authors: Lin Chong , Gao Zhengfei , Jin Jian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHighly active, durable, and cost‐effective non‐precious‐metal‐based electrocatalysts are urgently needed to improve the sluggish hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in an alkaline environment. Herein, a lyophilization/thermolysis method is successfully applied to prepare Ni‐doped MoS2 (Ni‐MoS2)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) hybrid aerogels. The MoS2 aerogel possesses a higher density of exposed active sites than its corresponding bulk material. Inheriting from GO its abundant functional groups during pyrolysis, the RGO aerogel can uniformly disperse MoS2 and simultaneously maintain excellent conductivity. The incorporation of Ni atoms can accelerate the cleavage of the HO−H bond and enhance the adsorption and desorption of intermediate OH−. Owing to the synergistic effect of the compositional and structural advantages of aerogels, the Ni‐MoS2/RGO hybrid aerogel delivers highly promoted HER kinetics in alkaline media. As a result, an optimal η10 (overpotential at 10 mA cm−2) of 168 mV in 1 m KOH is obtained, which is superior to the non‐doped MoS2/RGO hybrid aerogel (225 mV) and MoS2 aerogel (263 mV), letting alone bulk MoS2 (448 mV). Moreover, the η60 (overpotential at 60 mA cm−2) is maintained at 262 mV after chronopotentiometry tests at a constant current density of 10 mA cm−2 for 24 h, indicating an exceptionally stability of the HER catalyst.
CD123 expression levels in 846 acute leukemia patients based on standardized immunophenotyping
Authors: Bras Anne E. , de Haas Valerie , van Stigt Arthur , Jongen‐Lavrencic Mojca , Beverloo H. Berna , te Marvelde Jeroen G. , Zwaan C. Michel , van Dongen Jacques J.M. , Leusen Jeanette H.W. , van der Velden Vincent H.J. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundWhile it is known that CD123 is normally strongly expressed on plasmacytoid dendritic cells and completely absent on nucleated red blood cells, detailed information regarding CD123 expression in acute leukemia is scarce and, if available, hard to compare due to different methodologies.MethodsCD123 expression was evaluated using standardized EuroFlow immunophenotyping in 139 pediatric AML, 316 adult AML, 193 pediatric BCP‐ALL, 69 adult BCP‐ALL, 101 pediatric T‐ALL, and 28 adult T‐ALL patients. Paired diagnosis‐relapse samples were available for 57 AML and 19 BCP‐ALL patients. Leukemic stem cell (LSC) data was available for 32 pediatric AML patients. CD123 expression was evaluated based on mean fluorescence intensity, median fluorescence intensity, and percentage CD123 positive cells.ResultsEuroFlow panels were stable over time and between laboratories. CD123 was expressed in the majority of AML and BCP‐ALL patients, but absent in most T‐ALL patients. Within AML, CD123 expression was lower in erythroid/megakaryocytic leukemia, higher in NPM1 mutated and FLT3‐ITD mutated leukemia, and comparable between LSC and leukemic blasts. Within BCP‐ALL, CD123 expression was higher in patients with (high) hyperdiploid karyotypes and the BCR‐ABL fusion gene. Interestingly, CD123 expression was increased in BCP‐ALL relapses while highly variable in AML relapses (compared to CD123 expression at diagnosis).ConclusionsAuthors evaluated CD123 expression in a large cohort of acute leukemia patients, based on standardized and reproducible methodology. Our results may facilitate stratification of patients most likely to respond to CD123 targeted therapies and serve as reference for CD123 expression (in health and disease). © 2018 The Authors. Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Clinical Cytometry Society.
A class of periodic trend models for seasonal time series
Authors: Proietti Tommaso , Marczak Martyna , Mazzi Gianluigi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTrend and seasonality are the most prominent features of economic time series that are observed at the subannual frequency. Modeling these components serves a variety of analytical purposes, including seasonal adjustment and forecasting. In this paper we introduce unobserved components models for which both the trend and seasonal components arise from systematically sampling a multivariate transition equation, according to which each season evolves as a random walk with a drift. By modeling the disturbance covariance matrix we can encompass traditional models for seasonal time series, like the basic structural model, and can formulate more elaborate ones, dealing with season specific features, such as seasonal heterogeneity and correlation, along with the different role of the nonstationary cycles defined at the fundamental and the harmonic frequencies in determining the shape of the seasonal pattern.
Real‐time inflation forecast combination for time‐varying coefficient models
Authors: Zhang Bo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe use real‐time macroeconomic variables and combination forecasts with both time‐varying weights and equal weights to forecast inflation in the USA. The combination forecasts compare three sets of commonly used time‐varying coefficient autoregressive models: Gaussian distributed errors, errors with stochastic volatility, and errors with moving average stochastic volatility. Both point forecasts and density forecasts suggest that models combined by equal weights do not produce worse forecasts than those with time‐varying weights. We also find that variable selection, the allowance of time‐varying lag length choice, and the stochastic volatility specification significantly improve forecast performance over standard benchmarks. Finally, when compared with the Survey of Professional Forecasters, the results of the best combination model are found to be highly competitive during the 2007/08 financial crisis.
A new human delayed‐matching‐to‐place test in a virtual environment reverse‐translated from the rodent watermaze paradigm: Characterization of performance measures and sex differences
Authors: Buckley Matthew G. , Bast Tobias 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWatermaze tests of place learning and memory in rodents and corresponding reverse‐translated human paradigms in real or virtual environments are key tools to study hippocampal function. In common variants, the animal or human participant has to find a hidden goal that remains in the same place over many trials, allowing for incremental learning of the place with reference to distal cues surrounding the circular, featureless maze. Although the hippocampus is involved in incremental place learning, rodent studies have shown that the delayed‐matching‐to‐place (DMP) watermaze test is a more sensitive assay of hippocampal function. On the DMP test, the goal location changes every four trials, requiring the rapid updating of place memory. Here, we developed a virtual DMP test reverse‐translated from the rat watermaze DMP paradigm. In two replications, participants showed 1‐trial place learning, evidenced by marked latency and path length savings between Trials 1 and 2 to the same goal location, and by search preference for the vicinity of the goal when Trial 2 was run as probe trial (during which the goal was removed). The performance was remarkably similar to rats' performance on the watermaze DMP test. In both replications, male participants showed greater savings and search preferences compared to female participants. Male participants also showed better mental rotation performance, although mental rotation scores did not consistently correlate with DMP performance measures, pointing to distinct neurocognitive mechanisms. The remarkable similarity between rodent and human DMP performance suggests similar underlying neuro‐psychological mechanisms, including hippocampus dependence. The new virtual DMP test may, therefore, provide a sensitive tool to probe human hippocampal function.