bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dynamic Explanation for the Ruptures of Repeating Earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield
Authors: Wen Jian , Chen Xiaofei , Xu Jiankuan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAnalyzing the relative source time functions (STFs) of repeating earthquakes (REs) at Parkfield and their spectra indicates that there are two groups of REs. One group of REs (G1) displays simple relative STFs and smooth spectra, whereas the other group (G2) displays complex relative STFs and spectra with obviousholes. We use the boundary integral equation method with different configurations of parameters to simulate the spontaneous dynamic ruptures and fit the observed characteristics. Finally, we find that the differences in the observed characteristics are due to the different configurations of the dynamic parameters. Earthquakes in G1 are self‐arresting ruptures, and earthquakes in G2 are runaway ruptures. Moreover, holes in the spectra of G2 are caused by the dynamic rupture propagation, and the frequency of the holes is a function of the radius of the circular fault, the angle between the station azimuth and the rupture propagation, and the rupture velocity.
Statistical Analysis of SAR Arc Detachment From the Main Oval Based on 11‐Year, All‐Sky Imaging Observation at Athabasca, Canada
Authors: Takagi Yuki , Shiokawa Kazuo , Otsuka Yuichi , Connors Martin , Schofield Ian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe report the first statistical analysis of stable auroral red (SAR) arc detachments from the main auroral oval, using 630‐nm all‐sky cooled‐Charge Coupled Device images obtained at Athabasca (magnetic latitude = 61.7°N), Canada. SAR arc detachments from the main oval can be an important way of monitoring the characteristics of ring current particle injection in the inner magnetosphere. We analyzed all‐sky images obtained for 11 years from 2006 to 2016 and found 163 SAR arc detachment events. The SAR arc detachments tend to occur in the premidnight sector, indicating the ring current ion drift to the dusk sector. The SAR arc detachments also tend to occur at the beginning of the substorm recovery phase, suggesting that the SAR arcs detach from the main oval as the main auroral oval returns to higher latitudes. The equatorward velocities of detached SAR arcs are from −100 m/s (poleward) to +200 m/s (equatorward), corresponding to magnetospheric electric fields from −1 to +2 mV/m.
A role for genes in the ‘caregiver stress process’?
Authors: Wolf Douglas A. , Middleton Frank A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe stress that accompanies caring for one’s parent, and the contribution of that stress to adverse physical and mental-health outcomes, is extensively studied and widely acknowledged. Yet there has been almost no attempt to incorporate the well-documented role of genetic variation in psychological distress into research on caregiving. We use phenotypic data from a large, population-based sample linked to extensive genotype data to develop a polygenic risk score (PRS) for depression, and test for both direct and interactive effects of the PRS in a multilevel repeat-measures model of caregiver-related stress. We distinguish three groups: potential caregivers (those with a living parent who does not need care), noncaregivers (those who do not provide care to their parent that needs care), and caregivers. We also obtain separate estimates according to the gender of both the parent and child. We found that a parent’s need for care, and the child’s provision of care, are associated with depression in some but not all cases; in contrast the PRS was significantly associated with the risk for increased depressive symptoms (with P ≤ 0.01) in all cases. These findings support an additive genetic contribution to the diathesis-stress model of depression in the context of caregiving.
Lon protease inactivation in Drosophila causes unfolded protein stress and inhibition of mitochondrial translation
Authors: Pareek Gautam , Thomas Ruth E. , Vincow Evelyn S. , Morris David R. , Pallanck Leo J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction is a frequent participant in common diseases and a principal suspect in aging. To combat mitochondrial dysfunction, eukaryotes have evolved a large repertoire of quality control mechanisms. One such mechanism involves the selective degradation of damaged or misfolded mitochondrial proteins by mitochondrial resident proteases, including proteases of the ATPase Associated with diverse cellular Activities (AAA+) family. The importance of the AAA+ family of mitochondrial proteases is exemplified by the fact that mutations that impair their functions cause a variety of human diseases, yet our knowledge of the cellular responses to their inactivation is limited. To address this matter, we created and characterized flies with complete or partial inactivation of the Drosophila matrix-localized AAA+ protease Lon. We found that a Lon null allele confers early larval lethality and that severely reducing Lon expression using RNAi results in shortened lifespan, locomotor impairment, and respiratory defects specific to respiratory chain complexes that contain mitochondrially encoded subunits. The respiratory chain defects of Lon knockdown (LonKD) flies appeared to result from severely reduced translation of mitochondrially encoded genes. This translational defect was not a consequence of reduced mitochondrial transcription, as evidenced by the fact that mitochondrial transcripts were elevated in abundance in LonKD flies. Rather, the translational defect of LonKD flies appeared to be derived from sequestration of mitochondrially encoded transcripts in highly dense ribonucleoparticles. The translational defect of LonKD flies was also accompanied by a substantial increase in unfolded mitochondrial proteins. Together, our findings suggest that the accumulation of unfolded mitochondrial proteins triggers a stress response that culminates in the inhibition of mitochondrial translation. Our work provides a foundation to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Extremely rapid isotropic irradiation of nanoparticles with ions generated in situ by a nuclear reaction
Authors: Havlik Jan , Petrakova Vladimira , Kucka Jan , Raabova Helena , Panek Dalibor , Stepan Vaclav , Zlamalova Cilova Zuzana , Reineck Philipp , Stursa Jan , Kucera Jan , Hruby Martin , Cigler Petr 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEnergetic ions represent an important tool for the creation of controlled structural defects in solid nanomaterials. However, the current preparative irradiation techniques in accelerators show significant limitations in scaling-up, because only very thin layers of nanoparticles can be efficiently and homogeneously irradiated. Here, we show an easily scalable method for rapid irradiation of nanomaterials by light ions formed homogeneously in situ by a nuclear reaction. The target nanoparticles are embedded in B2O3 and placed in a neutron flux. Neutrons captured by 10B generate an isotropic flux of energetic α particles and 7Li+ ions that uniformly irradiates the surrounding nanoparticles. We produced 70 g of fluorescent nanodiamonds in an approximately 30-minute irradiation session, as well as fluorescent silicon carbide nanoparticles. Our method thus increased current preparative yields by a factor of 102–103. We envision that our technique will increase the production of ion-irradiated nanoparticles, facilitating their use in various applications.
Deacetylation of serine hydroxymethyl-transferase 2 by SIRT3 promotes colorectal carcinogenesis
Authors: Wei Zhen , Song Jinglue , Wang Guanghui , Cui Ximao , Zheng Jun , Tang Yunlan , Chen Xinyuan , Li Jixi , Cui Long , Liu Chen-Ying , Yu Wei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe conversion of serine and glycine that is accomplished by serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) in mitochondria is significantly upregulated in various cancers to support cancer cell proliferation. In this study, we observed that SHMT2 is acetylated at K95 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. SIRT3, the major deacetylase in mitochondria, is responsible for SHMT2 deacetylation. SHMT2-K95-Ac disrupts its functional tetramer structure and inhibits its enzymatic activity. SHMT2-K95-Ac also promotes its degradation via the K63-ubiquitin–lysosome pathway in a glucose-dependent manner. TRIM21 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for SHMT2. SHMT2-K95-Ac decreases CRC cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo through attenuation of serine consumption and reduction in NADPH levels. Finally, SHMT2-K95-Ac is significantly decreased in human CRC samples and is inversely associated with increased SIRT3 expression, which is correlated with poorer postoperative overall survival. Our study reveals the unknown mechanism of SHMT2 regulation by acetylation which is involved in colorectal carcinogenesis.
Distinct patterns of brain activity mediate perceptual and motor and autonomic responses to noxious stimuli
Authors: Tiemann Laura , Hohn Vanessa D. , Ta Dinh Son , May Elisabeth S. , Nickel Moritz M. , Gross Joachim , Ploner Markus 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPain is a complex phenomenon involving perceptual, motor, and autonomic responses, but how the brain translates noxious stimuli into these different dimensions of pain is unclear. Here, we assessed perceptual, motor, and autonomic responses to brief noxious heat stimuli and recorded brain activity using electroencephalography (EEG) in humans. Multilevel mediation analysis reveals that each pain dimension is subserved by a distinct pattern of EEG responses and, conversely, that each EEG response differentially contributes to the different dimensions of pain. In particular, the translation of noxious stimuli into autonomic and motor responses involved the earliest N1 wave, whereas pain perception was mediated by later N2 and P2 waves. Gamma oscillations mediated motor responses rather than pain perception. These findings represent progress towards a mechanistic understanding of the brain processes translating noxious stimuli into pain and suggest that perceptual, motor, and autonomic dimensions of pain are partially independent rather than serial processes.
High-energy-density dual-ion battery for stationary storage of electricity using concentrated potassium fluorosulfonylimide
Authors: Kravchyk Kostiantyn V. , Bhauriyal Preeti , Piveteau Laura , Guntlin Christoph P. , Pathak Biswarup , Kovalenko Maksym V. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGraphite dual-ion batteries represent a potential battery concept for large-scale stationary storage of electricity, especially when constructed free of lithium and other chemical elements with limited natural reserves. Owing to their non-rocking-chair operation mechanism, however, the practical deployment of graphite dual-ion batteries is inherently limited by the need for large quantities of electrolyte solutions as reservoirs of all ions that are needed for complete charge and discharge of the electrodes. Thus far, lithium-free graphite dual-ion batteries have employed moderately concentrated electrolyte solutions (0.3–1 M), resulting in rather low cell-level energy densities of 20–70 Wh kg−1. In this work, we present a lithium-free graphite dual-ion battery utilizing a highly concentrated electrolyte solution of 5 M potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide in alkyl carbonates. The resultant battery offers an energy density of 207 Wh kg−1, along with a high energy efficiency of 89% and an average discharge voltage of 4.7 V.
The gut microbiota in infants of obese mothers increases inflammation and susceptibility to NAFLD
Authors: Soderborg Taylor K. , Clark Sarah E. , Mulligan Christopher E. , Janssen Rachel C. , Babcock Lyndsey , Ir Diana , Young Bridget , Krebs Nancy , Lemas Dominick J. , Johnson Linda K. , Weir Tiffany , Lenz Laurel L. , Frank Daniel N. , Hernandez Teri L. , Kuhn Kristine A. , D’Alessandro Angelo , Barbour Linda A. , El Kasmi Karim C. , Friedman Jacob E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMaternal obesity is associated with increased risk for offspring obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the causal drivers of this association are unclear. Early colonization of the infant gut by microbes plays a critical role in establishing immunity and metabolic function. Here, we compare germ-free mice colonized with stool microbes (MB) from 2-week-old infants born to obese (Inf-ObMB) or normal-weight (Inf-NWMB) mothers. Inf-ObMB-colonized mice demonstrate increased hepatic gene expression for endoplasmic reticulum stress and innate immunity together with histological signs of periportal inflammation, a histological pattern more commonly reported in pediatric cases of NAFLD. Inf-ObMB mice show increased intestinal permeability, reduced macrophage phagocytosis, and dampened cytokine production suggestive of impaired macrophage function. Furthermore, exposure to a Western-style diet in Inf-ObMB mice promotes excess weight gain and accelerates NAFLD. Overall, these results provide functional evidence supporting a causative role of maternal obesity-associated infant dysbiosis in childhood obesity and NAFLD.
Mass spectrometry and Monte Carlo method mapping of nanoparticle ligand shell morphology
Authors: Luo Zhi , Zhao Yanfei , Darwish Tamim , Wang Yue , Hou Jing , Stellacci Francesco 
Published: October 2018

AbstractJanus, patchy, stripe-like, or random arrangements of molecules within the ligand shell of nanoparticles affect many properties. Among all existing ligand shell morphology characterization methods, the one based on mass spectroscopy is arguably the simplest. Its greatest limitation is that the results are qualitative. Here, we use a tailor-made Monte Carlo type program that fits the whole MALDI spectrum and generates a 3D model of the ligand shell. Quantitative description of the ligand shell in terms of nearest neighbor distribution and characteristic length scale can be readily extracted by the model, and are compared with the results of other characterization methods. A parameter related to the intermolecular interaction is extracted when this method is combined with NMR. This approach could become the routine method to characterize the ligand shell morphology of many nanoparticles and we provide an open access program to facilitate its use.
Designing soft materials with interfacial instabilities in liquid films
Authors: Marthelot J. , Strong E. F. , Reis P. M. , Brun P.-T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNatural soft materials harness hierarchy and structures at all scales to build function. Adapting this paradigm to our technological needs, from mechanical, phononic and photonic metamaterials to functional surfaces prompts the development of new fabrication pathways with improved scalability, design flexibility and robustness. Here we show that the inherent periodicity of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability in thin polymeric liquid films can be harnessed to spontaneously fabricate structured materials. The fluidic instability yields pendant drops lattices, which become solid upon curing of the polymer, thereby permanently sculpting the interface of the material. We solve the inverse design problem, taming the instability, so that the structures we form can be tailored, over a range of sizes spanning over two decades. This all-in-one methodology could potentially be extended down to the scales where continuum mechanics breaks down, while remaining scalable.
All-optical nonequilibrium pathway to stabilising magnetic Weyl semimetals in pyrochlore iridates
Authors: Topp Gabriel E. , Tancogne-Dejean Nicolas , Kemper Alexander F. , Rubio Angel , Sentef Michael A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNonequilibrium many-body dynamics is becoming a central topic in condensed matter physics. Floquet topological states were suggested to emerge in photodressed bands under periodic laser driving. Here we propose a viable nonequilibrium route without requiring coherent Floquet states to reach the elusive magnetic Weyl semimetallic phase in pyrochlore iridates by ultrafast modification of the effective electron-electron interaction with short laser pulses. Combining ab initio calculations for a time-dependent self-consistent light-reduced Hubbard U and nonequilibrium magnetism simulations for quantum quenches, we find dynamically modified magnetic order giving rise to transiently emerging Weyl cones that can be probed by time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Our work offers a unique and realistic pathway for nonequilibrium materials engineering beyond Floquet physics to create and sustain Weyl semimetals. This may lead to ultrafast, tens-of-femtoseconds switching protocols for light-engineered Berry curvature in combination with ultrafast magnetism.
The transcription factor Foxp1 preserves integrity of an active Foxp3 locus in extrathymic Treg cells
Authors: Ghosh Sayantani , Roy-Chowdhuri Sinchita , Kang Keunsoo , Im Sin-Hyeog , Rudra Dipayan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRegulatory T (Treg) cells, which are broadly classified as thymically derived (tTreg) or extrathymically induced (iTreg), suppress immune responses and display stringent dependence to the transcription factor Foxp3. However precise understanding of molecular events that promote and preserve Foxp3 expression in Treg cells is still evolving. Here we show that Foxp1, a forkhead transcription factor and a sibling family member of Foxp3, is essential for sustaining optimal expression of Foxp3 specifically in iTreg cells. Deletion of Foxp1 renders iTreg cells to gradually lose Foxp3, resulting in dramatically reduced Nrp1−Helios− iTreg compartment as well as augmented intestinal inflammation in aged mice. Our finding underscores a mechanistic module in which evolutionarily related transcription factors establish a molecular program to ensure efficient immune homeostasis. Furthermore, it provides a novel target that can be potentially modulated to exclusively reinforce iTreg stability keeping their thymic counterpart unperturbed.
Pathogen Identification Direct From Polymicrobial Specimens Using Membrane Glycolipids
Authors: Fondrie William E. , Liang Tao , Oyler Benjamin L. , Leung Lisa M. , Ernst Robert K. , Strickland Dudley K. , Goodlett David R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWith the increased prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, the use of colistin and other last-line antimicrobials is being revisited clinically. As a result, there has been an emergence of colistin-resistant bacterial species, including Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The rapid identification of such pathogens is vitally important for the effective treatment of patients. We previously demonstrated that mass spectrometry of bacterial glycolipids has the capacity to identify and detect colistin resistance in a variety of bacterial species. In this study, we present a machine learning paradigm that is capable of identifying A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae and their colistin-resistant forms using a manually curated dataset of lipid mass spectra from 48 additional Gram-positive and -negative organisms. We demonstrate that these classifiers detect A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae in isolate and polymicrobial specimens, establishing a framework to translate glycolipid mass spectra into pathogen identifications.
3-D spatial floating display using multi-wavelength integral photography
Authors: Fan Zhencheng , Xia Yan , Liao Hongen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThree-dimensional (3-D) autostereoscopic display with dedicated multiple spatial information under corresponding illumination is critical, especially for anti-counterfeiting, entertainment, etc. In this paper, we propose a 3-D spatial floating display using multi-wavelength integral photography (IP). Using dedicated inkjet printer and refraction-based IP algorithm, a complex two-dimensional (2-D) elemental image array (EIA) can be printed for both fluorescent and normal 3-D autostereoscopic display. With a micro-convex lens array (MLA) and a medium attached on the EIA, normal 3-D images are reconstructed under visible light, while fluorescent 3-D images can be reconstructed under ultraviolet (UV) light. Moreover, to provide comfortable 3-D images with multiple information in space, a feasible 3-D spatial floating display system is also proposed considering the spatial position of the observer with less UV radiation. The proposed method takes the wavelength of 3-D display into consideration to provide spatial multi-information, and can be applied for media, entertainment, etc. Experimental results verified the availability of the proposed method.
Neural dynamics of verbal working memory in auditory description naming
Authors: Kambara Toshimune , Brown Erik C. , Silverstein Brian H. , Nakai Yasuo , Asano Eishi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAuditory naming is suggested to require verbal working memory (WM) operations in addition to speech sound perception during the sentence listening period and semantic/syntactic processing during the subsequent judgement period. We attempted to dissect cortical activations attributable to verbal WM from those otherwise involved in answering auditory sentence questions. We studied 19 patients who underwent electrocorticography recordings and measured high-gamma activity during auditory naming and WM tasks. In the auditory naming task, inferior-precentral high-gamma activity was augmented during sentence listening, and the magnitude of augmentation was independently correlated to that during the WM task maintenance period as well as patient age. High-gamma augmentation during the WM task scanning period accounted for high-gamma variance during the naming task judgement period in some of the left frontal association neocortex regions (most significantly in the middle-frontal, less in the inferior-frontal, and least in the orbitofrontal gyrus). Inferior-frontal high-gamma augmentation was left-hemispheric dominant during naming task judgement but rather symmetric during WM scanning. Left orbitofrontal high-gamma augmentation was evident only during the naming task judgement period but minimal during the WM task scanning period. The inferior-precentral regions may exert WM maintenance during sentence listening, and such maintenance function may be gradually strengthened as the brain matures. The left frontal association neocortex may have a dorsal-to-ventral gradient in functional roles during naming task judgement. Namely, left middle-frontal activation may be well-attributable to WM scanning function, whereas left orbitofrontal activation may be attributable less to WM scanning but more largely to syntactic/semantic processing.
Large scale structure-function mappings of the human subcortex
Authors: Keuken Max C. , van Maanen Leendert , Boswijk Michiel , Forstmann Birte U. , Steyvers Mark 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCurrently little is known about structure-function mappings in the human subcortex. Here we present a large-scale automated meta-analysis on the literature to understand the structure-function mapping in the human subcortex. The results provide converging evidence into unique large scale structure-function mappings of the human subcortex based on their functional and anatomical similarity.