bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of entrustable professional activities reference cards to support the implementation of Competence by Design in emergency medicine
Authors: Stoneham Emily J. , Witt Lara , Paterson Quinten S. , Martin Lynsey J. , Thoma Brent 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTWe designed two practical, user-friendly, low-cost, aesthetically pleasing resources, with the goal of introducing residents and observers to a new Competence by Design assessment system based on entrustable professional activities. They included a set of rotation- and stage-specific entrustable professional activities reference cards for bedside use by residents and observers and a curriculum board to organize the entrustable professional activities reference cards by stages of training based on our program's curriculum map. A survey of 14 emergency medicine residents evaluated the utilization and helpfulness of these resources. They had a positive impact on our program's transition to Competence by Design and could be successfully incorporated into other residency programs to support the introduction of entrustable professional activities-based Competence by Design assessment systems.
General public perceptions and motivations to adopt children from out-of-home care in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Luu Betty , Wright Amy Conley , Randle Melanie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent reforms in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, prioritise adoption over long-term foster care. While previous research has examined motivation to foster, less is known about the interest by the general public in adoption from out-of-home care. A general sample of the NSW public (N = 1030) completed an online survey about adoption practices and their willingness to consider adopting from out-of-home care, with background questions on perceived social support and life satisfaction. Barriers to pursuing adoption were identified, including concerns about the characteristics of the child related to their experiences of care and personal impacts including financial costs. Availability of post-adoption supports was viewed positively as increasing interest in adoption. General Linear Model univariate analyses identified that likelihood of considering adoption was primarily predicted by younger age, knowing someone who had been adopted as a child, actively practicing religion, living in the city rather than a regional area and higher life satisfaction. Customised marketing campaigns can target people more likely to consider adoption, with messages that resonate with their social and psychological characteristics. There is also a need for policy changes to ensure adequate provision of post-adoption support.
Changes in Psychiatric Emergency Room Visits Following the Boston Marathon Bombing
Authors: Frank Amber , Noy Gaddy , Chow Clifton , Leff H. Stephen 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:This study reviews patient encounters at a Boston-area community hospital Psychiatric Emergency Services (PES) following the Boston Marathon bombings, with the goal of describing the impact of terrorist attacks on PES encounters.Methods:All PES encounters for 2 months preceding and 2 months following the bombing were identified in the electronic medical record. Demographics, current and past psychiatric problems, and trauma history were assessed for all records. Encounters seen post-bombing were compared with those before the bombing.Results:Demographics, current and past psychiatric problems, and trauma history were not significantly different before versus after the bombing; 36 of 440 (8.2%) post-bombing encounters directly mentioned the bombings. New-onset posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms caused by the bombing occurred in only 4 encounters (0.9%).Conclusions:PES encounters after a terrorist event are likely to mirror those seen before a terrorist event, with only a minority of encounters presenting for new PTSD or acute stress disorder.
Turbulent shear-layer mixing: initial conditions, and direct-numerical and large-eddy simulations
Authors: Sharan Nek , Matheou Georgios , Dimotakis Paul E. 
Published: August 2019

Aspects of turbulent shear-layer mixing are investigated over a range of shear-layer Reynolds numbers, $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}}=\unicode[STIX]{x0394}U\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$, based on the shear-layer free-stream velocity difference, $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}U$, and mixing-zone thickness, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$, to probe the role of initial conditions in mixing stages and the evolution of the scalar-field probability density function (p.d.f.) and variance. Scalar transport is calculated for unity Schmidt numbers, approximating gas-phase diffusion. The study is based on direct-numerical simulation (DNS) and large-eddy simulation (LES), comparing different subgrid-scale (SGS) models for incompressible, uniform-density, temporally evolving forced shear-layer flows. Moderate-Reynolds-number DNS results help assess and validate LES SGS models in terms of scalar-spectrum and mixing estimates, as well as other metrics, to $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}}\lesssim 3.3\times 10^{4}$. High-Reynolds-number LES investigations to $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}}\lesssim 5\times 10^{5}$ help identify flow parameters and conditions that influence the evolution of scalar variance and p.d.f., e.g. marching versus non-marching. Initial conditions that generate shear flows with different mixing behaviour elucidate flow characteristics in each flow regime and identify elements that induce p.d.f. transition and scalar-variance behaviour. P.d.f. transition is found to be largely insensitive to local flow parameters, such as $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}}$, or a previously proposed vortex-pairing parameter based on downstream distance, or other equivalent criteria. The present study also allows a quantitative comparison of LES SGS models in moderate- and high-$Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}}$ forced shear-layer flows.
Pseudocoordination with posture verbs in Mainland Scandinavian: A grammaticalized progressive construction?
Authors: Lødrup Helge 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPseudocoordination with posture verbs in Mainland Scandinavian (e.g. the NorwegianHan sitter og arbeider‘he sits and works’) is traditionally considered a grammaticalized progressive construction. The posture verb is said to have a bleached meaning, and to have the grammatical status of an auxiliary or a light verb. In recent years, some researchers have expressed doubt about this view. In this article, I argue that the traditional arguments for grammaticalization do not hold. However, I also give new evidence for early grammaticalization. Posture verbs can to some extent be used as light verbs in sentences such asKebab må sittes og nytes‘kebab must sit.passand enjoy.pass’, which have never been discussed in connection with grammaticalization. Finally, I argue that pseudocoordination with posture verbs should not be seen as progressive, but rather as a locational (or situative) construction.
I am a total failure: associations between beliefs and anxiety and depression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease with poor mental quality of life
Authors: Bennebroek Evertsz’ Floor , Sprangers Mirjam A.G. , de Vries Laura M. , Sanderman Robbert , Stokkers Pieter C.F. , Verdam Mathilde G.E. , Burger Huibert , Bockting Claudi L.H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground:According to cognitive behavioural theory, cognitive factors (i.e. underlying general dysfunctional beliefs and (situation) specific illness beliefs) are theorized to lead to outcomes like anxiety and depression. In clinical practice, general dysfunctional beliefs are generally not tackled directly in short-term-therapy.Aims:The goal of the present study was to investigate the associations of general versus specific illness beliefs on anxiety and depressive symptoms and psychiatric disorders among a subgroup of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with poor mental quality of life (QoL).Method:This study concerns cross-sectional data, collected at baseline from a randomized clinical trial. One hundred and eighteen patients, recruited at four Dutch hospitals, with poor QoL (score ≤23 on the mental health subscale of the Short-Form 36-item Health-Survey; SF-36) were included. General dysfunctional beliefs were measured by the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), specific illness beliefs by the Illness Perceptions Questionnaire-Revised (IPQ-R), anxiety and depressive symptoms by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and psychiatric disorders by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I Disorders (SCID-I).Results:Univariate analyses showed associations between the level of anxiety and/or depression and general dysfunctional beliefs and four specific illness beliefs (consequences, personal control, emotional representations and treatment control). Among patients with IBD with psychiatric disorders, only the DAS was significantly associated with anxiety and depression (DAS added to IPQ-R and IPQ-R added to DAS).Conclusions:Psychological interventions may have to target general dysfunctional beliefs of patients with IBD with co-morbid psychiatric disorders to be effective. These patients with IBD are especially in need of psychological treatment.
Aromatherapy improves nausea, pain, and mood for patients receiving pediatric palliative care symptom-based consults: A pilot design trial
Authors: Weaver Meaghann S. , Robinson Jacob , Wichman Christopher 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe role of aromatherapy in supportive symptom management for pediatric patients receiving palliative care has been underexplored. This pilot study aimed to measure the impact of aromatherapy using validated child-reported nausea, pain, and mood scales 5 minutes and 60 minutes after aromatherapy exposure.MethodsThe 3 intervention arms included use of a symptom-specific aromatherapy sachet scent involving deep breathing. The parallel default control arm (for those children with medical exclusion criteria to aromatherapy) included use of a visual imagery picture envelope and deep breathing. Symptom burden was sequentially assessed at 5 and 60 minutes using the Baxter Retching Faces scale for nausea, the Wong-Baker FACES scale for pain, and the Children's Anxiety and Pain Scale (CAPS) for anxious mood. Ninety children or adolescents (mean age 9.4 years) at a free-standing children's hospital in the United States were included in each arm (total n = 180).ResultsAt 5 minutes, there was a mean improvement of 3/10 (standard deviation [SD] 2.21) on the nausea scale; 2.6/10 (SD 1.83) on the pain scale; and 1.6/5 (SD 0.93) on the mood scale for the aromatherapy cohort (p< 0.0001). Symptom burden remained improved at 60 minutes post-intervention (<0.0001). Visual imagery with deep breathing improved self-reports of symptoms but was not as consistently sustained at 60 minutes.Significance of resultsAromatherapy represents an implementable supportive care intervention for pediatric patients receiving palliative care consults for symptom burden. The high number of children disqualified from the aromatherapy arm because of pulmonary or allergy indications warrants further attention to outcomes for additional breathing-based integrative modalities.
Improving Medium‐Range Forecasts of Rain‐on‐Snow Events in Prealpine Areas
Authors: Fehlmann Michael , Gascón Estíbaliz , Rohrer Mario , Schwarb Manfred , Stoffel Markus 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRain‐on‐snow (RoS) events have caused severe floods in mountainous catchments in the recent past. Challenges in forecasting such events are uncertainties in meteorological input variables, the accurate estimation of snow cover and deficits in process understanding during runoff formation. Here, we evaluate the potential of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Integrated Forecasting System (ECMWF IFS) to forecast RoS disposition (i.e., minimum rainfall amounts, initial snow cover, and meltwater contribution) several days ahead. We thereby evaluate forecasts of rain and snowfall with disdrometer observations and show that ensemble‐based forecasts have larger potential than the high‐resolution forecast of ECMWF IFS. Then, we use ECMWF IFS weather forecasts as input to a conceptual hydrological model, which is calibrated using estimates of snow‐covered area (SCA), snow water equivalent (SWE), and discharge observations. We show that the forecast skill of this model chain is reasonably high with respect to SCA and SWE, even several days ahead. However, a number of RoS events are missed in the forecast, mainly due to an underestimation of rainfall amounts. These misses can be reduced by lowering the rainfall amount threshold for the forecast as compared to the analysis, being accompanied by only a moderate increase in false alarm rates. In contrast, the forecast of RoS disposition is found to be less sensitive to thresholds of initial snow cover and meltwater contribution. We conclude that valuable disposition warnings for RoS events can be issued several days ahead, and we illustrate this idea with a case study.
A Geophysical Model Function for S‐Band Reflectometry of Ocean Surface Winds in Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Zhang Han , Garrison James L. , Wijekularatne Rozaine , Warnecke James 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOcean surface wind remote sensing using reflectometry measurements from S‐band (2.3 GHz) digital communication satellite transmissions is demonstrated in tropical cyclones. Twelve days of airborne data were collected during the 2014 Atlantic hurricane season. An empirical model function, relating the sensed ocean surface mean square slope to wind speed, was first developed by fitting mean square slope estimates to comparison wind speed data from the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer on the same aircraft and wind direction data from the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting model. This model function was then applied for wind speed retrievals using an independent set of reflectometry measurements and validated against four data sources: Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer, the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting model, dropsondes, and flight‐level winds. Good agreement between these retrievals and comparison data was found, with a root‐mean square error between 4.9 and 6.6 m/s and a bias between −1.4 and −0.2 m/s for wind speeds up to 50 m/s.
Observation of Rapid Seabed Erosion Near Closure Depth During a Storm Period at Hujeong Beach, South Korea
Authors: Do Jong Dae , Jin Jae‐Youll , Jeong Weon Mu , Chang Yeon S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe report extraordinary seabed erosion that occurred at a depth of ~8.3 m at Hujeong Beach, South Korea. The seabed was eroded for 0.7 m during a ~2.3‐day period under storm conditions. The maximum significant wave height was ~3.8 m, which was unexpected considering the traditional closure depth concept. Four storm events were recorded within 36 day of the experimental period, but the severe erosion only occurred during the first storm. The erosion started when the nearbed flow velocity rapidly increased to reach its maximum at 0.27 m/s, and it continued until this velocity remained at its maximum. Additional factors responsible for the unanticipated erosion process were the current and wave skewness. The erosion was facilitated when the current direction was actively changing and the magnitude of positive skewness increased during the storm period. These factors are likely to have intensified the nearbed flow turbulence and bed shear stress.
Four‐Spacecraft Measurements of the Shape and Dimensionality of Magnetic Structures in the Near‐Earth Plasma Environment
Authors: Fadanelli S. , Lavraud B. , Califano F. , Jacquey C. , Vernisse Y. , Kacem I. , Penou E. , Gershman D. J. , Dorelli J. , Pollock C. , Giles B. L. , Avanov L. A. , Burch J. , Chandler M. O. , Coffey V. N. , Eastwood J. P. , Ergun R. , Farrugia C. J. , Fuselier S. A. , Genot V. N. , Grigorenko E. , Hasegawa H. , Khotyaintsev Y. , Le Contel O. , Marchaudon A. , Moore T. E. , Nakamura R. , Paterson W. R. , Phan T. , Rager A. C. , Russell C. T. , Saito Y. , Sauvaud J.‐A. , Schiff C. , Smith S. E. , Toledo Redondo S. , Torbert R. B. , Wang S. , Yokota S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present a new method for determining the main relevant features of the local magnetic field configuration, based entirely on the knowledge of the magnetic field gradient four‐spacecraft measurements. The method, named “magnetic configuration analysis” (MCA), estimates the spatial scales on which the magnetic field varies locally. While it directly derives from the well‐known magnetic directional derivative and magnetic rotational analysis procedures (Shi et al., 2005, htpps://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022454; Shen et al., 2007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011584), MCA was specifically designed to address the actual magnetic field geometry. By applying MCA to multispacecraft data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) satellites, we perform both case and statistical analyses of local magnetic field shape and dimensionality at very high cadence and small scales. We apply this technique to different near‐Earth environments and define a classification scheme for the type of configuration observed. While our case studies allow us to benchmark the method with those used in past works, our statistical analysis unveils the typical shape of magnetic configurations and their statistical distributions. We show that small‐scale magnetic configurations are generally elongated, displaying forms of cigar and blade shapes, but occasionally being planar in shape like thin pancakes (mostly inside current sheets). Magnetic configurations, however, rarely show isotropy in their magnetic variance. The planar nature of magnetic configurations and, most importantly, their scale lengths strongly depend on the plasma β parameter. Finally, the most invariant direction is statistically aligned with the electric current, reminiscent of the importance of electromagnetic forces in shaping the local magnetic configuration.
Deletion of OSBPL2 in auditory cells increases cholesterol biosynthesis and drives reactive oxygen species production by inhibiting AMPK activity
Authors: Wang Hongshun , Lin Changsong , Yao Jun , Shi Hairong , Zhang Cui , Wei Qinjun , Lu Yajie , Chen Zhibin , Xing Guangqian , Cao Xin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOxysterol-binding protein like 2 (OSBPL2) was identified as a novel causal gene for autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss. However, the pathogenesis of OSBPL2 deficits in ADNSHL was still unclear. The function of OSBPL2 as a lipid-sensing regulator in multiple cellular processes suggested that OSBPL2 might play an important role in the regulation of cholesterol-homeostasis, which was essential for inner ear. In this study the potential roles of OSBPL2 in cholesterol biosynthesis and ROS production were investigated in Osbpl2-KO OC1 cells and osbpl2b-KO zebrafish. RNA-seq-based analysis suggested that OSBPL2 was implicated in cholesterol biosynthesis and AMPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, Osbpl2/osbpl2b-KO resulted in a reduction of AMPK activity and up-regulation of Srebp2/srebp2, Hmgcr/hmgcr and Hmgcs1/hmgcs1, key genes in the sterol biosynthetic pathway and associated with AMPK signaling. In addition, OSBPL2 was also found to interact with ATIC, key activator of AMPK. The levels of total cholesterol and ROS in OC1 cells or zebrafish inner ear were both increased in Osbpl2/osbpl2b-KO mutants and the mitochondrial damage was detected in Osbpl2-KO OC1 cells. This study uncovered the regulatory roles of OSBPL2 in cellular cholesterol biosynthesis and ROS production. These founds might contribute to the deep understanding of the pathogenesis of OSBPL2 mutation in ADNSHL.
Genome-wide systematic identification of methyltransferase recognition and modification patterns
Authors: Jensen Torbjørn Ølshøj , Tellgren-Roth Christian , Redl Stephanie , Maury Jérôme , Jacobsen Simo Abdessamad Baallal , Pedersen Lasse Ebdrup , Nielsen Alex Toftgaard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGenome-wide analysis of DNA methylation patterns using single molecule real-time DNA sequencing has boosted the number of publicly available methylomes. However, there is a lack of tools coupling methylation patterns and the corresponding methyltransferase genes. Here we demonstrate a high-throughput method for coupling methyltransferases with their respective motifs, using automated cloning and analysing the methyltransferases in vectors carrying a strain-specific cassette containing all potential target sites. To validate the method, we analyse the genomes of the thermophile Moorella thermoacetica and the mesophile Acetobacterium woodii, two acetogenic bacteria having substantially modified genomes with 12 methylation motifs and a total of 23 methyltransferase genes. Using our method, we characterize the 23 methyltransferases, assign motifs to the respective enzymes and verify activity for 11 of the 12 motifs.
Mitogenic and progenitor gene programmes in single pilocytic astrocytoma cells
Authors: Reitman Zachary J. , Paolella Brenton R. , Bergthold Guillaume , Pelton Kristine , Becker Sarah , Jones Robert , Sinai Claire E. , Malkin Hayley , Huang Ying , Grimmet Leslie , Herbert Zachary T. , Sun Yu , Weatherbee Jessica L. , Alberta John A. , Daley John F. , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Condurat Alexandra L. , Qian Kenin , Khadka Prasidda , Segal Rosalind A. , Haas-Kogan Daphne , Filbin Mariella G. , Suva Mario L. , Regev Aviv , Stiles Charles D. , Kieran Mark W. , Goumnerova Liliana , Ligon Keith L. , Shalek Alex K. , Bandopadhayay Pratiti , Beroukhim Rameen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPilocytic astrocytoma (PA), the most common childhood brain tumor, is a low-grade glioma with a single driver BRAF rearrangement. Here, we perform scRNAseq in six PAs using methods that enabled detection of the rearrangement. When compared to higher-grade gliomas, a strikingly higher proportion of the PA cancer cells exhibit a differentiated, astrocyte-like phenotype. A smaller proportion of cells exhibit a progenitor-like phenotype with evidence of proliferation. These express a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) programme that was absent from higher-grade gliomas. Immune cells, especially microglia, comprise 40% of all cells in the PAs and account for differences in bulk expression profiles between tumor locations and subtypes. These data indicate that MAPK signaling is restricted to relatively undifferentiated cancer cells in PA, with implications for investigational therapies directed at this pathway.
Directly transforming copper (I) oxide bulk into isolated single-atom copper sites catalyst through gas-transport approach
Authors: Yang Zhengkun , Chen Bingxu , Chen Wenxing , Qu Yunteng , Zhou Fangyao , Zhao Changming , Xu Qian , Zhang Qinghua , Duan Xuezhi , Wu Yuen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSingle-atom metal catalysts have sparked tremendous attention, but direct transformation of cheap and easily obtainable bulk metal oxide into single atoms is still a great challenge. Here we report a facile and versatile gas-transport strategy to synthesize isolated single-atom copper sites (Cu ISAS/NC) catalyst at gram levels. Commercial copper (I) oxide powder is sublimated as mobile vapor at nearly melting temperature (1500 K) and subsequently can be trapped and reduced by the defect-rich nitrogen-doped carbon (NC), forming the isolated copper sites catalyst. Strikingly, this thermally stable Cu ISAS/NC, which is obtained above 1270 K, delivers excellent oxygen reduction performance possessing a recorded half-wave potential of 0.92 V vs RHE among other Cu-based electrocatalysts. By varying metal oxide precursors, we demonstrate the universal synthesis of different metal single atoms anchored on NC materials (M ISAS/NC, where M refers to Mo and Sn). This strategy is readily scalable and the as-prepared sintering-resistant M ISAS/NC catalysts hold great potential in high-temperature applications.