bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O Tratamento desigual de animais por espécie e prática nos Estados Unidos: um dilema moral e legal.
Authors: FRASCH Pamela D. 
Published: January 2019

<p>Todo estado nos Estados Unidos da América tem uma complexa<br />rede de leis protegendo, pelo menos, alguns animais de</p><p>crueldades e negligências. Embora alguns advogados concordem<br />que essas leis não dêem direitos legais a animais, da forma<br />como direitos são deWnidos pelo Direito Americano, elas proporcionam<br />a principal (e em alguns casos a única) proteção legal<br />disponível neste País.</p>
Dez liçoes que a nossa experiência constitucional pode nos ensiar a respeito do quebra-cabeça dos direitos dos animais: O trabalho de Steven M. Wise
Authors: TRIBE Laurence H. 
Published: January 2019

Eu tenho duas reações básicas quando leio o maravilhoso livro<br /> de Steven ou o ouço falar A primeira é compartilhar sua <br />afronta ao grotesco modo com que as culturas humanas trataram<br /> e tratando os animais seres que não nasceram <br />humanos, mas que muitas vezes parecem ser tão inteligentes,<br />tão amáveis e não menos capazes de sentir dor e angústia.
Códigos Morais e os Animais
Authors: DIAS Edna Cardozo 
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo é constituído de excertos do ivro ATutela<br />jurídica dos animais publicado no ano de 2000 de autoria de Edna<br />Cardozo Dias. Aqui será abordado, de maneira mais criteriosa e<br />objetiva a visão que parte signicativa das doutrinas religiosas<br />mais infuentes da nossa sociedade em todos os tempos desde as<br />mais antigas como Budismo, Cristianismo até as mais atuais como o<br />Espiritismo, tem em relação à questão dos animais não-humanos e, a<br />partir disso desenvolver uma análise dos reflexos que tais ideologias <br />legaram à atual situação dos animais não pertencentes à nossa<br />espécie.
Bem-estar animal ou libertação animal? Uma anáilse crítica da argumentação antibem-estarista de Gary Francione
Authors: NACONECY Carlos 
Published: January 2019

Não devemos ajudar nenhum porco que esteja sofrendo<br />diante de nós, a menos que essa ajuda esteja relacionada à abolição<br />da escravidão dos porcos. Os porcos devem, assim, abrir mão de<br />seus interesses mais vitais e imediatos a bem da causa da abolição.<br />Tampouco devemos melhorar as instalações de criação animal, na<br />medida em que isso retardaria a abolição da pecuária. Aliás, por que<br />não usar gaiolas mais sujas e apertadas a fim de acelerar a libertação das galinhas. Por essa razão a China onde a legislação bemestarista <br />é insignificante e está mais próxima de abolir a escravidão animal do<br />que outros países. Reformas bem-estaristas são mais prejudiciais aos<br />animais do que reforma nenhuma. Apenas os movimentos que lutam<br />pelo fim da exploração são benéficos aos animais. Querer promover o<br />bem-estar dos frangos implica estar concordando implicitamente com<br />o uso deles como comida. É correto aumentar o bem-estar de uma<br />pessoa, mas não devemos tentar aumentar o bem-estar de uma vaca.<br />O presente artigo, apresentado no 12th Vegan Festival International,<br />ataca, reproduzindo a argumentação de David Sztybel principalmente,<br />esses e outros resultados do raciocínio antibem-estarista de Gary<br />Francione.
A ATUAÇÃO DA NOVA DEFENSORIA PÚBLICA NA DEFESA DOS ANIMAIS
Authors: NOGUEIRA Vânia Márcia Damasceno 
Published: January 2019

Este Trabalho apresenta a nova Defensoria Pública após a edição da Lei Complementar n. 132/09 e da Constituição Federal de 1988, com um novo perfil institucional na defesa dos direitos fundamentais, inclusive dos direitos ambientais e consequentemente dos animais não-humanos. A instituição vista através de uma neo hermenêutica da hipossuficiência, para acompanhar a elasticidade de atuação do órgão, em defesa de toda forma de vida em situação de vulnerabilidade.
CÃES DOMESTICADOS E OS BENEFÍCIOS DA INTERAÇÃO
Authors: RIBEIRO Alessandra Ferreira de Araújo 
Published: January 2019

A domesticação do animal não humano foi o resultado do exercício do poder decorrente do antropocentrismo. Nesse contexto se deu a domesticação dos cães que atualmente se encontram inseridos no espaço mais íntimo do ser humano. Porém, posteriormente, descobriu-se que essa interação com eles etabelecida, fundada na emoção, traz benefícios para ambos e enseja o conceito de guarda responsável, garantindo-lhes direitos mínimos em consequência do dever ético imposto ao ser humano.
Obesity‐induced MBD2_v2 expression promotes tumor‐initiating triple‐negative breast cancer stem cells
Authors: Teslow Emily A. , Mitrea Cristina , Bao Bin , Mohammad Ramzi M. , Polin Lisa A. , Dyson Greg , Purrington Kristen S. , Bollig‐Fischer Aliccia 
Published: January 2019

Obesity is a risk factor for triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) incidence and poor outcomes, but the underlying molecular biology remains unknown. We previously identified in TNBC cell cultures that expression of epigenetic reader methyl‐CpG‐binding domain protein 2 (MBD2), specifically the alternative mRNA splicing variant MBD variant 2 (MBD2_v2), is dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is crucial for maintenance and expansion of cancer stem cell‐like cells (CSCs). Because obesity is coupled with inflammation and ROS, we hypothesized that obesity can fuel an increase in MBD2_v2 expression to promote the tumor‐initiating CSC phenotype in TNBC cells in vivo. Analysis of TNBC patient datasets revealed associations between high tumor MBD2_v2 expression and high relapse rates and high body mass index (BMI). Stable gene knockdown/overexpression methods were applied to TNBC cell lines to elucidate that MBD2_v2 expression is governed by ROS‐dependent expression of serine‐ and arginine‐rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2). We employed a diet‐induced obesity (DIO) mouse model that mimics human obesity to investigate whether obesity causes increased MBD2_v2 expression and increased tumor initiation capacity in inoculated TNBC cell lines. MBD2_v2 and SRSF2 levels were increased in TNBC cell line‐derived tumors that formed more frequently in DIO mice relative to tumors in lean control mice. Stable MBD2_v2 overexpression increased the CSC fraction in culture and increased TNBC cell line tumor initiation capacity in vivo. SRSF2 knockdown resulted in decreased MBD2_v2 expression, decreased CSCs in TNBC cell cultures, and hindered tumor formation in vivo. This report describes evidence to support the conclusion that MBD2_v2 expression is induced by obesity and drives TNBC cell tumorigenicity, and thus provides molecular insights into support of the epidemiological evidence that obesity is a risk factor for TNBC. The majority of TNBC patients are obese and rising obesity rates threaten to further increase the burden of obesity‐linked cancers, which reinforces the relevance of this report.
Dearomative [4+2] Cycloaddition of Oxindole‐Embedded ortho‐Quinone Methides with 2,5‐Dialkylfurans
Authors: Shen Yao‐Bin , Li Shuai‐Shuai , Liu Xicheng , Yu Liping , Liu Qing , Xiao Jian 
Published: January 2019

Abstract2,5‐Dialkylfurans were facilely converted to pharmaceutically significant spiro[chroman‐4,3′‐oxindole] scaffolds via an organocatalytic dearomative [4+2] cycloaddition with oxindole‐embedded ortho‐quinone methides. This method featured mild reaction conditions, simple operation, good yields, and excellent diastereoselectivities.magnified image
Vestibular dysfunction is a manifestation of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Willaert Annelore , Van Eynde Charlotte , Verhaert Nicolas , Desloovere Christian , Vander Poorten Vincent , Devriendt Koenraad , Swillen Ann , Hens Greet 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the second most common cause of developmental delay after Down syndrome. Impaired cognitive development is highly prevalent, but also motor abnormalities such as hypotonia and delays in achieving motor milestones are described. Instability is frequently detected in children, adolescents, and adults and is mostly attributed to their limited motor performance. Until now, vestibular function has not been investigated in these patients, despite the growing evidence that they often have inner ear malformations. The aim of this prospective study was to identify the presence and character of vestibular dysfunction in 22q11.2DS. We investigated 23 subjects with proven 22q11.2DS, older than the age of 12. We performed caloric testing and pendular rotation chair tests with videonystagmography, cervical vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential (c‐VEMP)‐testing, and posturography. Additional otoscopy and audiometry were performed on all subjects. We found a unilateral caloric hypofunction in 55% of patients, a certain absent c‐VEMP response in 15% of ears, an inconclusive c‐VEMP response in 33% of ears, and abnormal posturography in 68% of patients, of whom 42% displayed a typical vestibular pattern. Remarkably, 90% revealed uni‐ or bilateral weak caloric responses, independent of caloric symmetry. Vestibular dysfunction is frequent in subjects with 22q11.2DS. This knowledge should be taken into account when assessing motor performance in these patients. Additional larger studies are needed to determine whether this dysfunction implicates a therapeutic potential.
Informativeness of dental morphology in ancestry estimation in African Americans
Authors: Gross Jessica M. , Edgar Heather J. H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesOur objective is to assess the informativeness of dental morphology in estimating biogeographic ancestry in African Americans.Materials and methodsThe data are 62 dental morphological traits scored as nondichotomized and dichotomized in 797 individuals, 992,601 SNPs from 271 individuals, and 645 STRs from 177 individuals. Each dataset consists of Africans, Europeans, and African Americans. For each dataset, we summed Fisher Information (FI), then used STRUCTURE to estimate ancestry.ResultsTotal FI was highest for SNPs, followed by STRs, nondichotomized dental traits, and dichotomized dental traits. For both genetic datasets, Africans and Europeans fell into two distinctive clusters with low 90% credible regions for individual ancestry estimates. In African Americans, membership in the African cluster was 76.4% and 80.4% for SNPs and STRs, respectively. For the dental data, all Africans and Europeans had appreciable membership in both clusters and comparatively high 90% credible regions for individual ancestry estimates. Nonetheless, African Americans had consistently higher membership in the same cluster in which Africans had high membership. African American membership in this cluster was significantly higher for the nondichotomized form than for the dichotomized.Discussion and conclusionsFI potentially provides a useful gauge of the effectiveness of dental and genetic data for ancestry estimation. The comparatively high FI of nondichotomized dental traits suggests data in this form may be better suited for studies of admixture than dichotomized data. Because of high error in individual ancestry estimates, dental morphological data may be unable to distinguish differences in ancestry among individuals within admixed populations.
Levels of training in critical care echocardiography in adults. Recommendations from the College of Intensive Care Medicine Ultrasound Special Interest Group
Authors: Nanjayya Vinodh B. , Orde Sam , Hilton Andrew , Yang Yang , Costello Cartan , Evans John , Nalos Marek , Yastrebov Konstantin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCritical care echocardiography (CCE) is commonly performed in many intensive care units across Australia and New Zealand (ANZ). The scope of practice ranges from Basic CCE through to Advanced CCE and includes the use of transthoracic echocardiography and transoesophageal echocardiography. Many training and qualification pathways exist with no standardisation of education goals. This document defines different levels of CCE expertise and recommends minimum training standards for each level of adult CCE in ANZ. Guidelines committee of College of Intensive Care Medicine's Ultrasound Special Interest Group held multiple face to face meetings, organised teleconferences, conducted a survey of the Fellows of the college and reviewed the international CCE training pathways prior to writing these guidelines.
SLC13A3 variants cause acute reversible leukoencephalopathy and α‐ketoglutarate accumulation
Authors: Dewulf Joseph P. , Wiame Elsa , Dorboz Imen , Elmaleh‐Bergès Monique , Imbard Apolline , Dumitriu Dana , Rak Malgorzata , Bourillon Agnès , Helaers Raphaël , Malla Alisha , Renaldo Florence , Boespflug‐Tanguy Odile , Vincent Marie‐Françoise , Benoist Jean‐François , Wevers Ron A. , Schlessinger Avner , Van Schaftingen Emile , Nassogne Marie‐Cécile , Schiff Manuel 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveSLC13A3 encodes the plasma membrane Na+/dicarboxylate cotransporter 3, which imports inside the cell 4 to 6 carbon dicarboxylates as well as N‐acetylaspartate (NAA). SLC13A3 is mainly expressed in kidney, in astrocytes, and in the choroid plexus. We describe two unrelated patients presenting with acute, reversible (and recurrent in one) neurological deterioration during a febrile illness. Both patients exhibited a reversible leukoencephalopathy and a urinary excretion of α‐ketoglutarate (αKG) that was markedly increased and persisted over time. In one patient, increased concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid NAA and dicarboxylates (including αKG) were observed. Extensive workup was unsuccessful, and a genetic cause was suspected.MethodsWhole exome sequencing (WES) was performed. Our teams were connected through GeneMatcher.ResultsWES analysis revealed variants in SLC13A3. A homozygous missense mutation (p.Ala254Asp) was found in the first patient. The second patient was heterozygous for another missense mutation (p.Gly548Ser) and an intronic mutation affecting splicing as demonstrated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction performed in muscle tissue (c.1016 + 3A > G). Mutations and segregation were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Functional studies performed on HEK293T cells transiently transfected with wild‐type and mutant SLC13A3 indicated that the missense mutations caused a marked reduction in the capacity to transport αKG, succinate, and NAA.InterpretationSLC13A3 deficiency causes acute and reversible leukoencephalopathy with marked accumulation of αKG. Urine organic acids (especially αKG and NAA) and SLC13A3 mutations should be screened in patients presenting with unexplained reversible leukoencephalopathy, for which SLC13A3 deficiency is a novel differential diagnosis. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:385–395.
A proliferation‐inducing ligand–mediated anti‐inflammatory response of astrocytes in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Baert Laurie , Benkhoucha Mahdia , Popa Natalia , Ahmed Mashal C. , Manfroi Benoit , Boutonnat Jean , Sturm Nathalie , Raguenez Gilda , Tessier Marine , Casez Olivier , Marignier Romain , Ahmadi Mitra , Broisat Alexis , Ghezzi Catherine , Rivat Cyril , Sonrier Corinne , Hahne Michael , Baeten Dominique , Vives Romain R. , Lortat‐Jacob Hugues , Marche Patrice N. , Schneider Pascal , Lassmann Hans P. , Boucraut Jose , Lalive Patrice H. , Huard Bertrand 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveThe two related tumor necrosis factor members a proliferation‐inducing ligand (APRIL) and B‐cell activation factor (BAFF) are currently targeted in autoimmune diseases as B‐cell regulators. In multiple sclerosis (MS), combined APRIL/BAFF blockade led to unexpected exacerbated inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) of patients. Here, we investigate the role of the APRIL/BAFF axis in the CNS.MethodsAPRIL expression was analyzed in MS lesions by immunohistochemistry. The in vivo role of APRIL was assessed in the murine MS model, experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). Functional in vitro studies were performed with human and mouse astrocytes.ResultsAPRIL was expressed in lesions from EAE. In its absence, the disease was worst. Lesions from MS patients also showed APRIL expression upon infiltration of macrophages. Notably, all the APRIL secreted by these macrophages specifically targeted astrocytes. The upregulation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, sometimes bearing chondroitin sulfate of type E sugar moieties, binding APRIL, in reactive astrocytes explained the latter selectivity. Astrocytes responded to APRIL by producing a sufficient amount of IL‐10 to dampen antigen‐specific T‐cell proliferation and pathogenic cytokine secretion. Finally, an intraspinal delivery of recombinant APRIL before disease onset, shortly reduced EAE symptoms. Repeated intravenous injections of recombinant APRIL before and even at disease onset also had an effect.InterpretationOur data show that APRIL mediates an anti‐inflammatory response from astrocytes in MS lesions. This protective activity is not shared with BAFF. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:406–420.
A Multicatalytic Approach to the Hydroaminomethylation of α‐Olefins
Authors: Hanna Steven , Holder Jeffrey C. , Hartwig John F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe report an approach to conducting the hydroaminomethylation of diverse α‐olefins with a wide range of alkyl, aryl, and heteroarylamines at relatively low temperatures (70–80 °C) and pressures (1.0–3.4 bar) of synthesis gas. This approach is based on simultaneously using two distinct catalysts that are mutually compatible. The hydroformylation step is catalyzed by a rhodium diphosphine complex, and the reductive amination step, which is conducted as a transfer hydrogenation with aqueous, buffered sodium formate as the reducing agent, is catalyzed by a cyclometallated iridium complex. By adjusting the ratio of CO to H2, we conducted the reaction at one atmosphere of gas with little change in yield. A diverse array of olefins and amines, including hetreroarylamines that do not react under more conventional conditions with a single catalyst, underwent hydroaminomethylation with this new system, and the pharmaceutical ibutilide was prepared in higher yield and under milder conditions than with a single catalyst.
Heterostructures Composed of N‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes Encapsulating Cobalt and β‐Mo2C Nanoparticles as Bifunctional Electrodes for Water Splitting
Authors: Ouyang Ting , Ye Ya‐Qian , Wu Chun‐Yan , Xiao Kang , Liu Zhao‐Qing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHerein, we demonstrate the use of heterostructures comprised of Co/β‐Mo2C@N‐CNT hybrids for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline electrolyte. The Co can not only create a well‐defined heterointerface with β‐Mo2C but also overcomes the poor OER activity of β‐Mo2C, thus leading to enhanced electrocatalytic activity for HER and OER. DFT calculations further proved that cooperation between the N‐CNTs, Co, and β‐Mo2C results in lower energy barriers of intermediates and thus greatly enhances the HER and OER performance. This study not only provides a simple strategy for the construction of heterostructures with nonprecious metals, but also provides in‐depth insight into the HER and OER mechanism in alkaline solution.
Alfa fiber/polypropylene composites: Influence of fiber extraction method and chemical treatments
Authors: Labidi Khaled , Cao Zhi , Zrida Montassar , Murphy Alan , Hamzaoui Ahmed Hichem , Devine Declan M. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTAlfa fiber/polypropylene composites were manufactured using twin‐screw extrusion. Fibers were extracted using alkaline and steam explosion methods. Three chemical treatments were also applied to the alkaline‐extracted fibers: stearic acid (SA), and potassium permanganate dissolved in water (KW) and in acetone (KA). Finally, thermal annealing was applied to the composites. The results indicate that composites with steam‐exploded fibers had a significantly higher melt flow index than composites with alkaline‐extracted fibers. Moreover, the incorporation of fibers into the matrix increased the Young's modulus, where the optimum results were obtained utilizing the alkaline‐extracted fibers. Both extraction methods also significantly decreased the water uptake, especially the steam explosion. The three chemical treatments increased the melt flow index and conversely decreased the tensile strength and Young's modulus. In addition, KW treatment decreased the water uptake. Finally, thermal annealing increased the tensile strength and Young's modulus of composites with SA‐treated fibers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47392.
Preparation and performance of poly(ethylene oxide)‐based composite solid electrolyte for all solid‐state lithium batteries
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Wang Xianyou , Shao Dingsheng , Liu Lei , Yang Li 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTPoly(ethylene oxide)‐based solid electrolyte is attractive for using in all solid‐state lithium batteries. However, the polymer has a certain degree of crystallization, which is adverse to the conduction of lithium ions. In order to overcome this drawback, a flexible composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) containing TiO2 nanoparticles is elaborately designed and synthesized by tape casting method. The effects of different molar ratios of EO: Li and mass fraction of TiO2 on the physical and electrochemical performances are carefully studied. The results show the CPE10 having 10 wt % TiO2 has the lowest degree of crystallinity of 9.04%, the lowest activation energy of 8.63 × 10−5 eV mol−1. Besides, the CPE10 shows a lower polarization and higher decomposition voltage. Thus, prepared all solid‐state battery LiFePO4/CPE10/Li shows a high initial capacity of 160 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, 134 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C and higher capacity retention of 93.2% after 50 cycles at 0.5 C (1 C = 170 mAh g−1). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47498.
Study on functional microcapsules containing catalysts for controlling the curing time and temperature of epoxy resin
Authors: Ha Jin Uk , Hwang Ye Jin , Jeoung Sun Kyoung , Lee Pyoung‐Chan , Kim Soo Young , Park Joo Kyung , Kim Jung Teag , Yeom Ji Hyun 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, functional microcapsules (FMs) were designed for controlling the curing time and temperature of epoxy through modifications to thermally expandable microcapsules. The FMs were prepared with a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons and N,N‐dimethylbenzylamine in the core, and acrylonitrile (AN)—methyl methacrylate copolymer or AN–methacrylate copolymer were used for the shell. Since the FMs were intentionally designed to have thermally vulnerable polymeric shells, the catalyst in the core could be released at the designated temperature. Therefore, FMs do not activate in epoxy at room temperature; rather, the FMs only become functional when the epoxy is cured under a heated atmosphere. Released catalyst at the higher temperature was confirmed by pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and optical microscopy. This study shows that the results will depend on the different compositions of liquid hydrocarbons and catalyst. Particle size of the capsules was changed with different ratio of catalyst and liquid hydrocarbon at the core and type of polymeric shell. Differential scanning calorimetry and rheometer results showed that higher catalyst loading resulted lower in crystalline and shear thickening temperature, respectively. Adhesion strength of epoxy containing FMs was analyzed by lap shear strength in order to detect the void effect due to released gas from the FM. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47499.