bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical and Trait Analyses Reveal a Silicon‐Carbon Trade‐Off in the Epidermis of Sedges
Authors: de Tombeur Félix , Plouzeau Lucas , Shaw Jeremy , Hodson Martin J. , Ranathunge Kosala , Kotula Joanna , Hayes Patrick E. , Tremblay Maëva , Coq Sylvain , Stein Mathias , Nakamura Ryosuke , Wright Ian J. , Lambers Hans , Violle Cyrille , Clode Peta L. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent years, the detection of numerous negative correlations between silicon (Si) and carbon (C)‐based compounds in plants has suggested trade‐offs between different stress resistance and/or mechanical support strategies. However, nearly all studies have involved whole‐leaf analysis, and it is unclear how the trade‐off operates mechanistically, at the cellular level. Here we combined leaf trait measurements and microscopic analyses (electron microscopy with elemental X‐ray mapping and X‐ray microtomography) of 17 species from a high‐Si family: Cyperaceae. Accumulation of Si was strongly negatively correlated with C‐based compounds, particularly tannins. Our microscopical investigations showed that the accumulation of phenolics and deposition of silica were mutually exclusive in the outer epidermal cell walls. This trade‐off was independent of that between the construction of tough, sclerenchyma‐rich leaves and growth potential (the leaf economics spectrum). We also identified a strong negative correlation between Si and accumulation of epicuticular waxes. Previous whole leaf analyses were, in effect, hiding the locations of the trade‐off between Si and C‐based compounds in plants. The epidermal location of this trade‐off and the specific involvement of tannins and waxes suggest the existence of different strategies to resist environmental stresses. Our study provides key insights into plant Si utilization and highlights the multidimensionality of plant stress resistance strategies.
Depressive symptoms spillover between romantic partners partially explained by anxious attachment
Authors: Morgan Preston C. , Durtschi Jared A. , King Salena 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDepressive symptoms can spillover between romantic partners. From an attachment lens, depressive symptoms passing from one partner to another may be more frequent in the context of anxious attachment. Using 1179 German couples who remained together across 4 years (five waves) from the Panel Analysis on Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics, analyses tested the extent anxious attachment moderated the initial level of depressive symptom spillover between partners' depressive symptom trajectories. Results revealed that men's and women's higher initial depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with changes in their partners' depressive symptom trajectories. However, the current study found that women's anxious attachment was associated with the link between men's initial depressive symptoms and the trajectory of women's depressive symptoms. Specifically, women who were more anxiously attached had a small, but greater risk of experiencing increased depressive symptom spillover across a four‐year period when their male partners had higher initial depressive symptoms. Together, this suggests depressive symptom spillover did occur among a general population of German couples, but primarily in the context of more anxiously attached women. Future research should examine the role attachment plays in the depressive symptom spillover among couples.
“Where you stand depends on where you sit”: The politics of petroleum pricing in Ghana's election cycle
Authors: Yeboah‐Assiamah Emmanuel , Kundi Shadrach Baa‐Naa , Asamoah Kwame 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study examines how fuel pricing in Ghana has been used as a political tool to win votes and the government's role in this process. Applying Mile's Law, it explores post‐truth theory through content analysis of secondary data and interviews with energy experts. The findings indicate that political parties gain significant political leverage by promising lower fuel prices during campaigns but fail to deliver once in office. The government's influence on fuel pricing is minimal, largely due to factors beyond its control. To stabilize fuel prices, the study recommends improving fiscal and economic performance to combat currency instability and educating the public on the factors influencing fuel pricing to prevent misinformation.Related ArticlesAsiegbu, Martin F., Okey Marcellus Ikeanyibe, Pius Otu Abang, Okwudili Chukwuma Nwosu, and Chuka Eugene Ugwu. 2024. “Natural Resource Fund Governance and the Institutionalization of Rent Seeking in Nigeria's Oil Sector.” Politics & Policy 52(1): 169–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12579.Ayanoore, Ishmael, and Sam Hickey. 2022. “Reframing the Politics of Natural Resource Governance in Africa: Insights from the Local Content Legislation Process in Ghana.” Politics & Policy 50(1): 119–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12449.Kuyini Mohammed, Abdulai. 2013. “Civic Engagement in Public Policy Making: Fad or Reality in Ghana?” Politics & Policy 41(1): 117–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12003.
Privacy‐preserving federated data access and federated learning: Improved data sharing and AI model development in transfusion medicine
Authors: Li Na , Lewin Antoine , Ning Shuoyan , Waito Marianne , Zeller Michelle P. , Tinmouth Alan , Shih Andrew W. ,   The Canadian Transfusion Trials Group
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundHealth data comprise data from different aspects of healthcare including administrative, digital health, and research‐oriented data. Together, health data contribute to and inform healthcare operations, patient care, and research. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare requires understanding these data infrastructures and addressing challenges such as data availability, privacy, and governance. Federated learning (FL), a decentralized AI training approach, addresses these challenges by allowing models to learn from diverse datasets without data leaving its source, thus ensuring privacy and security are maintained. This report introduces FL and discusses its potential in transfusion medicine and blood supply chain management.Methods and DiscussionFL can offer significant benefits in transfusion medicine by enhancing predictive analytics, personalized medicine, and operational efficiency. Predictive models trained on diverse datasets by FL can improve accuracy in forecasting blood transfusion demands. Personalized treatment plans can be refined by aggregating patient data from multiple institutions using FL, reducing adverse reactions and improving outcomes. Operational efficiency can also be achieved through precise demand forecasting and optimized logistics. Despite its advantages, FL faces challenges such as data standardization, governance, and bias. Harmonizing diverse data sources and ensuring fair, unbiased models require advanced analytical solutions. Robust IT infrastructure and specialized expertise are needed for successful FL implementation.ConclusionFL represents a transformative approach to AI development in healthcare, particularly in transfusion medicine. By leveraging diverse datasets while maintaining data privacy, FL has the potential to enhance predictions, support personalized treatments, and optimize resource management, ultimately improving patient care and healthcare efficiency.
Long‐term orientation and outward foreign direct investment: Evidence from Chinese listed firms
Authors: Cheng Bowen , Dong Baomin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThere is growing interest in comprehending how cultural traits affect firms' behaviour. In this paper, we examine the effect of managerial long‐term orientation (LTO), an intrinsic cultural trait, on the firms' foreign direct investment (FDI) decisions. Our empirical analysis indicates that the LTO plays a positive role in firms' FDI decisions and the results remain robust when subjected to a variety of robustness tests. To address potential endogeneity concerns, we employ the CEOs' early‐life disaster experience as an instrumental variable. Further examination reveals that financing costs act as a mechanism through which the LTO influences firms' FDI. Finally, heterogeneity analysis indicates that the positive effect of LTO on OFDI is more pronounced for greenfield relative to brownfield FDI, for small‐size firms relative to large‐size firms and for private firms relative to state‐owned firms.
Rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XDR lineage derived from recombination between XBB and BA.2.86 subvariants circulating in Brazil in late 2023
Authors: Arantes Ighor , Ito Kimihito , Gomes Marcelo , Carvalho Felipe Cotrim de , Ferreira de Almeida Walquiria Aparecida , Khouri Ricardo , Miyajima Fabio , Wallau Gabriel Luz , Naveca Felipe Gomes , Pereira Elisa Cavalcante ,   COVID-19 Fiocruz Genomic Surveillance Network, Mendonça Siqueira Marilda , Resende Paola Cristina , Bello Gonzalo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Recombination plays a crucial role in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2. The Omicron XBB* recombinant lineages are a noteworthy example, as they have been the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant worldwide in the first half of 2023. Since November 2023, a new recombinant lineage between Omicron subvariants XBB and BA.2.86, designated XDR, has been detected mainly in Brazil. In this study, we reconstructed the spatiotemporal dynamics and estimated the absolute and relative transmissibility of the XDR lineage. The XDR lineage displayed a recombination breakpoint in the ORF1a-coding region, and the most closely related sequences to the 5′ and 3′ ends of the recombinant correspond to JD.1.1 and JN.1.1 lineages, respectively. The first XDR sequences were detected in November 2023 in the Northeastern Brazilian region, and their prevalence rapidly surged from <1% to 25% by February 2024. The Bayesian phylogeographic analysis supports that the XDR lineage likely emerged in the Northeastern Brazilian region around late October 2023 and rapidly disseminated within and outside Brazilian borders from mid-November onward. The median effective reproductive number of the XDR lineage in Brazil during the initial expansion phase was estimated to be around 1.5, and the average relative instantaneous reproduction numbers of XDR and JN* lineages were estimated to be 1.37 and 1.29 higher than that of co-circulating XBB* lineages. In summary, these findings support that the recombinant lineage XDR arose in the Northeastern Brazilian region in October 2023, shortly after the first detection of JN.1 sequences in the country. In Brazil, the XDR lineage exhibited a higher transmissibility level than its parental XBB.* lineages and is spreading at a rate similar to or slightly faster than the JN.1* lineages.

IMPORTANCE
This study highlights the emergence and rapid dissemination of the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 XDR lineage, derived from the Omicron lineages JD.1.1 and JN.1.1. The XDR lineage exhibited equivalent transmissibility to its JN.1* parental lineages and quickly spread across Brazil in late 2023. The findings underscore the critical role of real-time genomic surveillance in detecting novel variants with higher transmission potential. By utilizing phylogenetic and epidemiological methods, this research provides important insights into the molecular dynamics of XDR, which could inform public health responses and vaccine composition updates. The study’s significance lies in its ability to document the impact of recombination on viral evolution, offering valuable information to the field of virology and pandemic preparedness.
Management of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease: a scoping review with advice on initial management
Authors: Beni Rebecca , Hussain Sabba A , Monsell Fergal , Gelfer Yael 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundLegg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a developmental disorder causing avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children, with long-term consequences that can extend into adulthood. Early diagnosis and management in primary care are crucial but challenging.AimThis review aims to provide a concise overview of the presentation, differential diagnosis and management of LCPD, offering practical guidance for primary healthcare professionals.MethodRecent literature and expert opinions were reviewed to summarise the epidemiology, diagnosis and current management of LCPD.ResultsLCPD commonly presents as a painless limp in children aged between 2 and 14 years, with the diagnosis based on the clinical features and radiographic abnormalities. Management is individualised and includes non-operative care to surgery, which attempts to correct anatomical abnormalities and therefore delay the onset of osteoarthritis. The review highlights the importance of primary care in early detection, appropriate referral and interim management.ConclusionLCPD is a rare condition that can lead to long-term disability, affecting a child's physical, mental and social development, often presenting as a painless limp. Diagnosis typically involves plain radiographs, with MRI or hip joint arthrography providing additional details for management, which may include both non-surgical (eg, physiotherapy) and surgical options. Early recognition by primary care providers is crucial for timely referral to orthopaedic services, along with interim support through physiotherapy, pain management and access to mental health and educational resources.
Machine learning approaches to injury risk prediction in sport: a scoping review with evidence synthesis
Authors: Leckey Christopher , van Dyk Nicol , Doherty Cailbhe , Lawlor Aonghus , Delahunt Eamonn 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThis study reviewed the current state of machine learning (ML) research for the prediction of sports-related injuries. It aimed to chart the various approaches used and assess their efficacy, considering factors such as data heterogeneity, model specificity and contextual factors when developing predictive models.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesPubMed, EMBASE, SportDiscus and IEEEXplore.ResultsIn total, 1241 studies were identified, 58 full texts were screened, and 38 relevant studies were reviewed and charted. Football (soccer) was the most commonly investigated sport. Area under the curve (AUC) was the most common means of model evaluation; it was reported in 71% of studies. In 60% of studies, tree-based solutions provided the highest statistical predictive performance. Random Forest and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were found to provide the highest performance for injury risk prediction. Logistic regression outperformed ML methods in 4 out of 12 studies. Three studies reported model performance of AUC>0.9, yet the clinical relevance is questionable.ConclusionsA variety of different ML models have been applied to the prediction of sports-related injuries. While several studies report strong predictive performance, their clinical utility can be limited, with wide prediction windows or broad definitions of injury. The efficacy of ML is hampered by small datasets and numerous methodological heterogeneities (cohort sizes, definition of injury and dependent variables), which were common across the reviewed studies.
Exploring the use of ChatGPT-4o in enhancing career development counseling for medical students: a study protocol
Authors: Tang Haitao , Wang Jinsong , Liu Qiang , Bao Ji , Zeng Wen 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe advent of pre-trained generative transformers, exemplified by ChatGPT, has significantly impacted medical education, catalysing a wealth of research focused on enhancing educational methodologies. Despite this, the application of ChatGPT in the specific area of career planning for medical students remains relatively unexplored. This study seeks to rigorously evaluate the potential of ChatGPT-4o in facilitating the career planning of medical students, comparing its effectiveness with that of traditional human educators. It also aims to identify optimal strategies for integrating ChatGPT-4o with human educators to maximise support in career planning for medical students.MethodsAdopting a mixed-methods approach, this research combines qualitative insights from interviews with quantitative data from questionnaires. The research is bifurcated into two primary segments: first, evaluating the proficiency of ChatGPT-4o in aiding medical students’ career planning, and second, identifying effective collaborative practices between ChatGPT-4o and human educators.DiscussionThe study focuses on assessing ChatGPT-4o’s utility in career planning for medical students and determining how it can be best used within medical education by both educators and students. The aim is to augment the career planning consultation process, thereby enhancing the efficiency and quality of human educators’ contributions. This includes exploring how ChatGPT-4o can supplement traditional teaching methods, providing a more robust and comprehensive support system for career planning in medical education.
Methods of detection of adverse events in critical care: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Gorman Jay , Kung Janice Y , Rewa Oleksa , Widder Sandy , Slemko Jocelyn 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionAdverse events, defined as unintended patient harm contributed to by healthcare, continue to increase morbidity, mortality and cost. Critically ill patients are at high risk of adverse events; however, the optimal approach to detection in this setting is unknown. Numerous approaches have been used, including voluntary reporting, chart reviews and trigger tools. The objective of this systematic review is to gain insight into the capacity of individual methods to detect adverse events in the intensive care unit (ICU), to inform implementation, and to facilitate quality improvement.Methods and analysisOvid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were searched on 2 October 2023 for randomised controlled trials and observational studies evaluating the implementation or ongoing use of one or more systems of detection of adverse events in ICUs (neonatal to adult). Outcomes will include the total number of adverse events identified by detection method per 100 patient days (primary outcome), categories of adverse events, associated harm and whether detection informed quality improvement. A risk of bias assessment will be performed. The results will provide insight into each method’s capacity to detect adverse events in addition to their associated severity.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was not required as patient data will not be collected. A manuscript will be submitted to a peer-reviewed scientific journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024466584.
Value-based healthcare from a military health system perspective: a systematic review
Authors: van der Wal Henk , Duijnkerke Damon , Engel Maarten F M , Hoencamp Rigo , Hazelzet Jan Antonius 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of value-based healthcare (VBHC) strategies and/or components within military medicine. For this purpose, the extent to which VBHC has been applied within a military health system (MHS), with emphasis on military trauma care was assessed.DesignThis systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, Web of Science CC and the Cochrane CRCT databases were searched from 1946 to present for VBHC strategies and/or components and military settings, including associated keywords.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included observational and trial studies focused on the presence of VBHC components and/or system, and the presence of acute/trauma operational care or definitive postoperational care regarding combat injured service members. The included articles were classified into injury-related and system-level studies.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers used standardised methods to search, screen and code included studies. For quality assessment, the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool version 2018 was used.ResultsA total of 3241 publications were screened, and 18 were included for data extraction. 15 studies focused on (military) medical trauma-related conditions (injury groups), and 3 studies focused on an MHS approach. Four articles contained the two VBHC components (‘creating an integrated practice unit’ and ‘measuring outcomes and costs for every patient’) considered the basis for successful implementation. The ‘outcomes and costs’ and ‘patient-centred care’ components were most prevalent as respectively mentioned in 17 and 8 included studies.ConclusionThe systematic review showed the application of VBHC components in military medicine, although use of standard VBHC terminology is not consistently applied. This study suggests that implementing VBHC as a concept in military healthcare, could enhance benchmarking to provide insight in health outcomes (both clinically and patient-reported), and overall quality of care.
Health economics of virtual versus face-to-face glaucoma clinics: a time-driven activity-based costing study
Authors: Shah Vishal , Jackson Timothy L , Edwards Rhiannon Tudor , Attlee Joel , Kailani Obeda 
Published: November 2024

Background/AimsStaffing represents the most significant cost to the National Health Service, and ophthalmology is its largest outpatient specialty. Value-based healthcare (VBH) focuses on care processes. Innovative models include a shift towards ‘virtual’ glaucoma services. We used VBH costing methodology to quantify personnel costs of virtual and face-to-face (F2F) glaucoma clinics.MethodsVirtual and F2F clinics were process-mapped to produce step-by-step pathways of patients in each setting. Real-world timings were then audited, and time-driven activity-based costing was used to calculate the personnel cost-per-patient for both settings.ResultsData were captured from 24 consecutive virtual glaucoma patients and 42 consecutive patients across two F2F clinics. The capacity cost rates in £/min were £0.24 for technicians and £1.16 for consultants. The average time taken to acquire clinical data in the virtual pathway was 39 min per patient (95% CI 36 to 43, range 27–61) with 14 min (95% CI 13 to 14, range 12–20) for their remote consultant review. The estimated personnel costs associated with a single virtual glaucoma clinic visit totalled £25.60 (95% CI £23.72 to £33.52). The average time taken to be seen in the F2F clinic was 50 min (95% CI 42 to 59 min, range 12–123 min) with a personnel cost of £31.08 (95% CI £19.70-£42.43).ConclusionStaff costs associated with visits to the consultant-delivered virtual and F2F glaucoma clinics were similar (p value=0.14), supporting virtual clinics to provide service capacity. The main limitations were that our study involved a single site, small sample size and did not consider the severity of glaucoma.