bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of splitter plate on reducing local scour around bridge pier
Authors: Wu Peng , Balachandar Ram , Ramamurthy Amruthur 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLocal scour around bridge piers has been shown to be the most common reason for bridge failures. The use of splitter plates to modify the flow field around the pier has the potential to reduce the maximum scour depth. To test the effect of the splitter plate, the present study was conducted by using plates of various lengths (1 ≤ L/D ≤ 2). Here, D is the diameter of the pier, and L is the length of the splitter plate. The splitter plate was located both in the front and at the rear of the pier. The results show that for a constant splitter plate height, the plate with a length of 1.33D located in front of the pier has the greatest impact in reducing maximum scour. Results also showed that with increasing height of the splitter plate located in front of the pier, the maximum scour depth as well as the scoured area decreased correspondingly. In the range of test variables used in this study, the back splitter plate located with or without a gap between the pier and the plate showed limited impact on reducing the maximum scour around the pier. However, a significant change of dune height was observed in the back of the pier.
Amorphous Iron(III)‐Borate Nanolattices as Multifunctional Electrodes for Self‐Driven Overall Water Splitting and Rechargeable Zinc–Air Battery
Authors: Zhao Weinan , Xu Tao , Li Tao , Wang Yuankun , Liu Hui , Feng Jianze , Ding Shujiang , Li Zhongtao , Wu Mingbo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHighly stable and low‐cost electrocatalysts with multi‐electrocatalytic activities are in high demand for developing advanced energy conversion devices. Herein, a unique trifunctional amorphous iron‐borate electrode is developed, which is capable of boosting hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution, and oxygen reduction reactions simultaneously. The amorphous iron borate can self‐assemble into well‐defined nanolattices on electrode surface through a facile hydrothermal process, which possess more active sites and charge transfer pathways. As a result, the asymmetry overall water‐splitting cell that adopts the amorphous electrodes as anode and cathode can be driven at 1.56 V with the current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is lowest in state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. Moreover, the water‐splitting devices can be powered by a two‐series‐connected amorphous electrode–based zinc–air battery with high stability and Faradic efficiency (96.3%). The result can offer a potential and promising alternative way to develop metal‐borate electrode for multifunctional applications.
Potential immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of walnut Juglans regia vegetable oil against lead‐mediated hepatic damage and their interaction with lipase activity in rats
Authors: Soussi Ahlem , Gargouri Manel , El Feki Abdelfattah 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEnvironmental pollutants, particularly lead, pose a serious threat to human and animal health that causes disturbances of several functions, including hepatotoxicity. Therefore, the search for a new treatment that could safely and effectively block or reverse liver injuries remains a challenge. This study was carried out to investigate the protective efficacy of Juglans regia vegetable oil (JRVO) against the hepatotoxicity induced by lead. To achieve this aim, adults male rats were treated for 10 days with Pb (0.344 g/kg bw) associated or not with JRVO (0.9 g/kg bw). The rats intoxicated by lead exhibited oxidative stress determined by TBARS, protein carbonyls, liver tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), caspase‐3, and antioxidant status: SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH. Administration of lead increased the levels of plasma hepatic markers (AST, ALT, LDH) and bilirubin, the lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL‐Ch, LDL‐Ch levels, TBARS, NOx, and PCO), the plasmatic lipase activity and the inflammatory markers, while the plasmatic ALP decreased. Coadministration of JRVO restored all the hepatic markers, the lipid profiles and the antioxidants to near‐normal values and lowered the plasmatic lipase activity as well as the elevated thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Hepatic histological studies confirmed the beneficial role of JRVO through the amelioration of all biochemical parameters. Our results suggest that Juglans regia vegetable oil contains promising substances to counteract the lead intoxication and may be efficient in the prevention of hepatotoxicity complications.
Introduction
Authors: Crane Jennifer 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter positions Child Protection in England within long histories of child protection, childhood, and family. Situating this book as a history of modern Britain, it also discusses how the voluntary organisations studied relate to broader historiographical examinations of voluntary action and public participation in the post-war period. This introduction also explores the theoretical underpinning of this book in terms of thinking around expertise, experience, and emotion; complex and shifting constructs which have nonetheless become significant—and visible—in late twentieth-century Britain.
The Battered Child Syndrome: Parents and Children as Objects of Medical Study
Authors: Crane Jennifer 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
‘The Battered Child Syndrome’ explores the re-emergence of public and political concerns about child protection in the post-war period, and the role of medical communities in constructing this. It assesses the work of paediatric radiologists in Britain and America, who worked in the 1940s and 1950s to use x-ray technology to ‘make visible’ the healing injuries of children. In England, the NSPCC drew on this work to conduct early studies about the ‘battered child syndrome’. The chapter demonstrates that much of this work examined children and parents as objects of study. Nonetheless, early concerns about the emotions of children and parents were present, and this foreshadowed the development of experiential movements traced by the rest of this book.
Collective Action by Parents and Complicating Family Life
Authors: Crane Jennifer 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter explores how groups of parents formed collective action groups, of various forms, looking to contest child protection policy and practice in the late twentieth century. Such activism first emerged in the late 1960s, initially in the form of peer support groups for parents who had harmed, or felt at risk of harming, their children. In the 1980s, multiple groups developed to support parents who had been falsely accused of abuse. These spaces of activism complicated visions of family life and also made public the emotional toil of interacting with statutory agencies around child protection. As such, and for the first time, parents acted collectively to critique professional intervention, constructing a visible, public, and powerful notion of experiential and familial expertise. Parents also demanded that social workers, lawyers, and clinicians themselves discussed their own experiences and emotions, looking to blur the lines between the personal and the professional.
Conclusion
Authors: Crane Jennifer 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The conclusion discusses the key findings of this book. It argues that understandings of child protection have developed rapidly over the late twentieth century. This process has not only been driven by media, public policy, and research, as previous analyses have emphasised, but also by children, concerned parents, and survivors. These groups have acted in conflict and collaboration with media, social policy, and medicine, challenging long-standing professionals to display and perform experiential and emotional expertise. The conclusion traces the extent to which this forging of experience and emotion as expert, and the place of the voluntary sector in this process, has historical precedents, and argues that these phenomena were distinct to, and are revealing of, the specific contexts of Britain in the post-1960s moment. The conclusion finally explores the contemporary relevance of this work, notably in terms of making visible the politicisation of child protection and the fragility of child protection concerns.
Modelling heterogeneity in detection probabilities in land and aerial abundance surveys in humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)
Authors: Dudgeon Christine L. , Dunlop Rebecca A. , Noad Michael J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe effective management and conservation of animal populations relies on statistically‐sound and replicable surveys to obtain estimates of abundance and assess trends. Surveys of cetaceans, such as humpback whalesMegaptera novaeangliae, are difficult to conduct and are particularly affected by bias in detection probability. For example, the probability of detection of whales from land decreases substantially with increased distance from the platform. This distance effect is also true for aerial surveys, combined with the problem that animals are unavailable for detection (underwater) whilst in the field of view. We present a novel approach that combines corrected double‐platform land surveys with corrected aerial surveys to obtain a robust estimate ofg(0), the probability of detection on the survey line, for aerial surveys of migrating humpback whales. Several sources of heterogeneity in detection probabilities were identified within the land and aerial surveys (including group composition, bearing of first sighting, number of groups being tracked simultaneously and cloud cover). After including these into our estimate ofĝ(0), we found that only 29% of available whales are being detected on the survey line (ĝ(0) = 0.288), which is a considerably smaller estimate than many available for humpback whales using other methods. Incorporating heterogeneity into the population surveys shows that we are likely to be underestimating the population size of whales on the east coast of Australia. The implications of this result for their conservation and management in light of increased whale‐human conflict is discussed.
Myocarditis and Early Markers of Cardiac Response Associated with Scorpion Stings in Children
Authors: Gökay Sinem S. , Kendir Özlem T. , Güllü Utku U. , Nalbant Tuğçe , Ekinci Faruk , Matyar Selçuk , Ünal İlker , Erdem Sevcan , Yildizdaş Riza D. , Yilmaz Hayri L. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction A clinical course ranging from mild local findings to life-threatening systemic findings may occur after scorpion stings. The purpose of this study was to identify priority markers indicating scorpion sting–related cardiac involvement. Methods Our study was performed between July 2014, and September 2015 in the Çukurova University medical faculty pediatric emergency department, in Adana, Turkey. Patients admitted with scorpion sting–related cardiac involvement and a control group consisting of patients with no scorpion sting–related cardiac involvement were included in the study. Troponin I at time of presentation and at 6 and 24 h, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), ejection fraction as determined by echocardiography at 24 h, and peak and end of T wave (Tp-e) and Tp-e/QTc ratios with echocardiography at 24 h were evaluated. Results A patient group consisting of 7 cases of scorpion envenomation–related myocarditis and a control group of 30 cases of scorpion intoxication without myocarditis findings were enrolled. Statistically significantly high glucose, white blood cell values, creatine kinase MB, troponin I, and NTproBNP values were identified in the scorpion sting–related myocarditis group ( P<0.05). Ejection fractions determined by echocardiography at time of presentation were significantly lower in the patients with myocarditis compared with the control group ( P<0.05). A statistically significant difference was identified between Tp-e/corrected QT interval (QTc) ratios investigated in DI and V2 derivations in patient and control group echocardiograms ( P<0.05). Conclusions We think that use can be made of NTproBNP in addition to echocardiography and troponin I in the early diagnosis of scorpion sting–related myocarditis and that Tp-e and Tp-e/QTc ratios identified via echocardiography can be used as early markers; however, further studies with larger numbers are needed to confirm this.
Generic behavior of a measure-preserving transformation
Authors: ETEDADIALIABADI MAHMOOD 
Published: September 2018

Del Junco–Lemańczyk [Generic spectral properties of measure-preserving maps and applications. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 115 (3) (1992)] showed that a generic measure-preserving transformation satisfies certain orthogonality conditions. More precisely, there is a dense $G_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}}$ subset of measure preserving transformations such that, for every $T\in G$ and $k(1),k(2),\ldots ,k(l)\in \mathbb{Z}^{+}$, $k^{\prime }(1),k^{\prime }(2),\ldots ,k^{\prime }(l^{\prime })\in \mathbb{Z}^{+}$, the convolutions $$\begin{eqnarray}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{T^{k(1)}}\ast \cdots \ast \unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{T^{k(l)}}\quad \text{and}\quad \unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{T^{k^{\prime }(1)}}\ast \cdots \ast \unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{T^{k^{\prime }(l^{\prime })}},\end{eqnarray}$$ where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{T^{k}}$ is the maximal spectral type of $T^{k}$, are mutually singular, provided that $(k(1),k(2),\ldots ,k(l))$ is not a rearrangement of $(k^{\prime }(1),k^{\prime }(2),\ldots ,k^{\prime }(l^{\prime }))$. We will introduce analogous orthogonality conditions for continuous unitary representations of the group of all measurable functions with values in the circle, $L^{0}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D707},\mathbb{T})$, which we denote by the DL-condition. We connect the DL-condition with a result of Solecki [Unitary representations of the groups of measurable and continuous functions with values in the circle. J. Funct. Anal., 267 (2014), pp. 3105–3124] which identifies continuous unitary representations of $L^{0}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D707},\mathbb{T})$ with a collection of measures $\{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}}\}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$ runs over all increasing finite sequence of non-zero integers. In particular, we show that the ‘probabilistic’ DL-condition translates to ‘deterministic’ orthogonality conditions on the measures $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}}$. As a corollary, we show that the same orthogonality conditions as in the result by Del Junco–Lemańczyk hold for a generic unitary operator on a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space.
Buoyancy effects on large-scale motions in convective atmospheric boundary layers: implications for modulation of near-wall processes
Authors: Salesky S. T. , Anderson W. 
Published: September 2018

A number of recent studies have demonstrated the existence of so-called large- and very-large-scale motions (LSM, VLSM) that occur in the logarithmic region of inertia-dominated wall-bounded turbulent flows. These regions exhibit significant streamwise coherence, and have been shown to modulate the amplitude and frequency of small-scale inner-layer fluctuations in smooth-wall turbulent boundary layers. In contrast, the extent to which analogous modulation occurs in inertia-dominated flows subjected to convective thermal stratification (low Richardson number) and Coriolis forcing (low Rossby number), has not been considered. And yet, these parameter values encompass a wide range of important environmental flows. In this article, we present evidence of amplitude modulation (AM) phenomena in the unstably stratified (i.e. convective) atmospheric boundary layer, and link changes in AM to changes in the topology of coherent structures with increasing instability. We perform a suite of large eddy simulations spanning weakly ($-z_{i}/L=3.1$) to highly convective ($-z_{i}/L=1082$) conditions (where $-z_{i}/L$ is the bulk stability parameter formed from the boundary-layer depth $z_{i}$ and the Obukhov length $L$) to investigate how AM is affected by buoyancy. Results demonstrate that as unstable stratification increases, the inclination angle of surface layer structures (as determined from the two-point correlation of streamwise velocity) increases from $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}\approx 15^{\circ }$ for weakly convective conditions to nearly vertical for highly convective conditions. As $-z_{i}/L$ increases, LSMs in the streamwise velocity field transition from long, linear updrafts (or horizontal convective rolls) to open cellular patterns, analogous to turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection. These changes in the instantaneous velocity field are accompanied by a shift in the outer peak in the streamwise and vertical velocity spectra to smaller dimensionless wavelengths until the energy is concentrated at a single peak. The decoupling procedure proposed by Mathis et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 628, 2009a, pp. 311–337) is used to investigate the extent to which amplitude modulation of small-scale turbulence occurs due to large-scale streamwise and vertical velocity fluctuations. As the spatial attributes of flow structures change from streamwise to vertically dominated, modulation by the large-scale streamwise velocity decreases monotonically. However, the modulating influence of the large-scale vertical velocity remains significant across the stability range considered. We report, finally, that amplitude modulation correlations are insensitive to the computational mesh resolution for flows forced by shear, buoyancy and Coriolis accelerations.
EAT, PRAY, REGULATE: THE INDONESIAN ULAMA COUNCIL AND THE MANAGEMENT OF ISLAMIC AFFAIRS
Authors: Fenwick Stewart 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIndonesia's national ulama council, the Majelis Ulama Indonesia, or MUI, has successfully transformed itself during the reform era reversing its earlier relationship with government. It is the MUI that now sets the agenda on appropriate ways to recognize, protect, and promote the majority faith. However it does not operate entirely separate to the state, indeed, there are numerous points of contact and mutual dependence between this group of Islamic scholars and state agencies.This article offers two case studies on religious freedom demonstrating different aspects of the MUI's self-appointed role of national mufti. The first case study demonstrates how the MUI has taken control of the high ground of religious doctrine. Through its response to blasphemy cases and deviant Muslim activities the MUI defines appropriate, orthodox Muslim conduct. The second case study deals with the revised regime of halal food certification. Here the state has sought to bring the MUI back into its embrace, partly as a result of corruption scandals. In doing so, however, Islam continues to be further entrenched in state law and regulation.Indonesian Islam was said to be deconfessionalized, reflecting the nature of the former authoritarian and bureaucratic state's engagement with various Islamic institutions. The changing role of the MUI demonstrates that the state and law are becoming increasingly confessionalized. This change has significant implications for Indonesia's democratic constitutional framework, evident in what these cases say about the enjoyment of the fundamental right of citizenship.
A room with a view in English nuisance law: exploring modernisation hidden within the ‘textbook tradition’
Authors: Pontin Ben 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe paper critically examines the consensus among tort scholars that an injured view can never be actionable in nuisance. The consensus, it is argued, is based on a problematic understanding of the permanence of early modern nuisance authority, and a neglect of modernisation in the definition of actionable injury in the nineteenth century, in response to industrialisation, urbanisation and, crucially, suburbanisation. David Sugarman's ‘textbook tradition’ provides a valuable disciplinary explanation for the mismatch between scholarly portrayals of doctrine and authoritative judicial formulations in decided cases.
Fatty acids composition as an indicator of food intake inMerluccius hubbsilarvae
Authors: Temperoni Brenda , Massa Agueda , Viñas María Delia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFatty acids (FA) analysis is a well-established approach for qualitatively studying feeding preferences. In the Argentinean Continental Shelf, Argentine hakeMerluccius hubbsisupports the major demersal finfish fishery. The Patagonian stock of the species spawns and nurses in austral summer in the north Patagonian shelf (NPS, 43°–45°30′S). Previous studies about larval feeding in the NPS have solely focused on gut contents, indicating selectivity upon calanoid copepods. Hence, our main objective was to apply the FA approach to confirm and/or broadenM. hubbsilarval food selection. Hake larvae and copepod FA profiles overlapped significantly, dominated by the saturated FA 16:0, the monounsaturated FAs 18:1n-9 and 22:1n-9, and the polyunsaturated FA 22:6n-3. Moreover, identified markers typical of bacteria (15:0, 17:0) and dinoflagellates (18:4n-3, 22:6n-3) suggest a microbial input at the base of the NPS food web, with the latter probably acting as an intermediate step between bacteria and hake larvae. Possible direct predation upon protozoans by larvae is postulated, broadening the known trophic spectrum derived from classical diet analyses. The FA approach allowed us to clarify feeding preferences in the NPS, with data being relevant in the context of hake recruitment studies.
Epidemiology and associated risk factors of giardiasis in a peri-urban setting in New South Wales Australia
Authors: Zajaczkowski P. , Mazumdar S. , Conaty S. , Ellis J. T. , Fletcher-Lartey S. M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGiardiasis is one of the most important non-viral causes of human diarrhoea. Yet, little is known about the epidemiology of giardiasis in the context of developed countries such as Australia and there is a limited information about local sources of exposure to inform prevention strategies in New South Wales. This study aimed to (1) describe the epidemiology of giardiasis and (2) identify potential modifiable risk factors associated with giardiasis that are unique to south-western Sydney, Australia. A 1:2 matched case-control study of 190 confirmed giardiasis cases notified to the South-Western Local Health District Public Health Unit from January to December 2016 was employed to investigate the risk factors for giardiasis. Two groups of controls were selected to increase response rate; Pertussis cases and neighbourhood (NBH) controls. A matched analysis was carried out for both control groups separately. Variables with a significant odds ratio (OR) in the univariate analysis were placed into a multivariable regression for each matched group, respectively. In the regression model with the NBH controls, age and sex were controlled as potential confounders. Identified risk factors included being under 5 years of age (aOR = 7.08; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.02–49.36), having a household member diagnosed with a gastrointestinal illness (aOR = 15.89; 95% CI 1.53–164.60) and having contact with farm animals, domestic animals or wildlife (aOR = 3.03; 95% CI 1.08–8.54). Cases that travelled overseas were at increased risk of infection (aOR = 19.89; 95% CI 2.00–197.37) when compared with Pertussis cases. This study provides an update on the epidemiology and associated risk factors of a neglected tropical disease, which can inform enhanced surveillance and prevention strategies in the developed metropolitan areas.