bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annual River Runoff Variations and Trends for the Andes Cordillera
Authors: Mernild Sebastian H. , Liston Glen E. , Hiemstra Christopher A. , Yde Jacob C. , Casassa Gino 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We analyzed modeled river runoff variations west of the Andes Cordillera’s continental divide for 1979/80–2013/14 (35 years). Our foci were annual runoff conditions, runoff origins (rain, snowmelt, and glacier ice), and runoff spatiotemporal variability. Low and high runoff conditions were defined as occurrences that fall outside the 10th (low values) and 90th (high values) percentile values of the period of record. SnowModel and HydroFlow modeling tools were used at 4-km horizontal grid increments and 3-h time intervals. NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) datasets were used as atmospheric forcing. This modeling system includes evaporation and sublimation from snow-covered surfaces, but it does not take into account evapotranspiration from bare and vegetation-covered soils and from river and lake surfaces. In general for the Andes Cordillera, the simulated runoff decreased before 1997 and increased afterward. This could be due to a model precipitation artifact in the MERRA forcing. If so, this artifact would influence the number of years with low runoff values, which decreased over time, while the number of high runoff values increased over time. For latitudes south of ~40°S, both the greatest decrease in the number of low runoff values and the greatest increase in high runoff values occurred. High runoff values averaged 84% and 58% higher than low values for nonglacierized and glacierized catchments, respectively. Furthermore, for glacierized catchments, 61% and 62% of the runoff originated from rain-derived runoff during low and high runoff extreme years, respectively; 28% and 30% from snowmelt-derived runoff; and 11% and 8% from glacier-ice-melt-derived runoff. As the results could be MERRA dependent, more work with other precipitation forcings and/or in situ measurements is needed to assess whether these are real runoff behaviors or artifacts.
Observed Transport Variations in the Maluku Channel of the Indonesian Seas Associated with Western Boundary Current Changes
Authors: Yuan Dongliang , Li Xiang , Wang Zheng , Li Yao , Wang Jing , Yang Ya , Hu Xiaoyue , Tan Shuwen , Zhou Hui , Wardana Adhitya Kusuma , Surinati Dewi , Purwandana Adi , Azis Ismail Mochamad Furqon , Avianto Praditya , Dirhamsyah Dirham , Arifin Zainal , Storch Jin-Song von 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Maluku Channel is a major opening of the eastern Indonesian Seas to the western Pacific Ocean, the upper-ocean currents of which have rarely been observed historically. During December 2012–November 2016, long time series of the upper Maluku Channel transport are measured successfully for the first time using subsurface oceanic moorings. The measurements show significant intraseasonal-to-interannual variability of over 14 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) in the upper 300 m or so, with a mean transport of 1.04–1.31 Sv northward and a significant southward interannual change of over 3.5 Sv in the spring of 2014. Coincident with the interannual transport change is the Mindanao Current, choked at the entrance of the Indonesian Seas, which is significantly different from its climatological retroflection in fall–winter. A high-resolution numerical simulation suggests that the variations of the Maluku Channel currents are associated with the shifting of the Mindanao Current retroflection. It is suggested that the shifting of the Mindanao Current outside the Sulawesi Sea in the spring of 2014 elevates the sea level at the entrance of the Indonesian Seas, which drives the anomalous transport through the Maluku Channel. The results suggest the importance of the western boundary current nonlinearity in driving the transport variability of the Indonesian Throughflow.
Observations of Wind Forcing Effects on Estuary Length and Salinity Flux in a River-Dominated, Microtidal Estuary, Mobile Bay, Alabama
Authors: Coogan Jeffrey , Dzwonkowski Brian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUsing long-term records (~11 years) of salinity and 390 days of ADCP data, aspects of the estuary length and salinity flux were evaluated in Mobile Bay under a range of river discharge, tidal, and wind conditions. The temporal variability in the salinity structure was represented by the estuary length and showed a relationship of with respect to river forcing, similar to values reported in San Francisco Bay and Delaware Bay. Local wind forcing was observed to play a role in modifying this relationship, in which estuary length responded asymmetrically to along-channel winds with up-estuary winds, reducing the estuary length. To further explore potential salinity transport changes associated with the wind, a 1D salinity flux was calculated using the ADCP and salinity profile data. River discharge was the main forcing condition driving seasonal changes in salinity flux. At shorter time scales, the wind became a dominant forcing condition and drove large changes in the salinity flux during low-discharge periods. At all discharge levels, down-estuary wind conditions enhanced the shear and subtidal exchange. During up-estuary wind conditions, the two-layer flow was inhibited and reduced the exchange. These results indicate that in a shallow microtidal system, wind can play a large role in modifying the estuary length on scales comparable to the spring–neap changes observed in other systems.
Statistical Tropical Cyclone Wind Radii Prediction Using Climatology and Persistence: Updates for the Western North Pacific
Authors: Knaff John A. , Sampson Charles R. , Musgrave Kate D. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This note describes an updated tropical cyclone vortex climatology for the western North Pacific version of the operational wind radii climatology and persistence (i.e., CLIPER) model. The update addresses known shortcomings of the existing formulation, namely, that the wind radii used to develop the original model were too small and symmetric. The underlying formulation of the CLIPER model has not changed, but the larger and more realistic vortex climatology produces improved forecast biases. Other applications that make use of the vortex climatology and CLIPER model forecasts should also benefit from the bias improvements.
The Plication Technique to Enhance the Endoscopic Approach to Zenker's Diverticulum
Authors: Ching Harry H. , Kahane Jacob B. , Reeve Nathaniel H. , Wang Robert C. 
Published: July 2018

Endoscopic stapler approaches to Zenker's diverticulum often yield a persistent diverticulum and recurrent dysphagia up to 20%. A novel technique to reduce the postoperative diverticulum is described. Eight consecutive patients with Zenker's diverticulum who underwent endoscopic stapler diverticulotomy had adjunctive endoscopic plication of the diverticulum wall to functionally reduce the residual diverticulum size. On postoperative esophagram, there was no visible diverticulum in 4 of 7 patients (57%). The remaining 3 patients had a reduction in common wall of 76%, 50%, and 40% with a mean postoperative size of 1.0 cm. All patients had resolution or significant improvement in dysphagia. There were no complications or recurrences at a mean follow‐up of 6.3 months. As an adjunct to endoscopic treatment of Zenker's diverticulum, the plication technique can reduce diverticulum size. Further studies will determine if the plication technique affects long‐term recurrence of endoscopic stapler approaches.
Evaluation of reproducibility in MRI quantitative volumetric assessment and its role in the prediction of overall survival and progression-free survival in glioblastoma
Authors: Blomstergren Adam , Rydelius Anna , Abul-Kasim Kasim , Lätt Jimmy , Sundgren Pia C , Bengzon Johan 
Published: July 2018

Background Residual tumor volume (RTV) and extent of resection (EOR) have previously been shown to affect survival in glioblastoma (GB) patients. Quantitative radiological assessment (QRA) of these factors could potentially affect clinical decision-making in the postoperative period. Purpose The first aim was to evaluate the reproducibility of different volume estimation methods of RTV and EOR by comparing QRA with subjective visual estimation and with objective volume estimations. The second aim was to clarify whether QRA of RTV and EOR would provide accuracy in predicting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in GB patients. Material and Methods Seventy GB patients were studied retrospectively. Reproducibility of QRA was compared to conventional visual analysis. Intra-rater agreement between two repeated measurements of 25 patients was calculated. QRA for RTV and EOR was made for the entire study population. Survival analysis was performed by multivariate cox-regression analysis. Results QRA of RTV and EOR gave superior intra-rater agreement compared to subjective evaluation. Multivariate survival analysis showed prognostic significance on 18 months PFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.44, P = 0.003) and OS (HR = 0.42, P = 0.012) at RTV < 1.6 mL and with EOR > 96% on PFS (HR = 2.152, P = 0.005) but not on OS (HR = 1.92, P = 0.053). Conclusion QRA of tumor volumes is more robust compared to standard evaluation methods. Since EOR and RTV are correlated to the prognosis in GB, quantitative analysis of tumor volumes could aid decision-making and patient management postoperatively.
Chronic heart failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: prevalence, clinical features, and relevance
Authors: Zhang Zichuan , Wang Peize , Guo Fei , Liu Xinmin , Luo Taiyang , Guan Yang , Chen Hui , Wang Zhanhong , Zhao L , Ma Xiaohai , Lv Qiang , Zhang Yin , Kang Junping , Liu Tong , Liu Xiaohui , Dong Jian-Zeng , Bai Rong 
Published: July 2018

Objective This study was performed to assess the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) in patients with symptomatic congestive heart failure (CHF) and compare the clinical features with those of patients without NAFL. Methods In total, 102 patients with CHF were divided into NAFL and non-NAFL groups according to their hepatic ultrasonography findings. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance examination. Follow-up was performed for major cardiovascular events (MACE) and readmission due to heart failure at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the index hospitalization. Results NAFL was detected in 37 of 102 patients (36.27%). Compared with the non-NAFL group, patients with NAFL were younger, had a higher body mass index and left ventricular (LV) mass index, and had more severe fibrosis. MACE and readmission occurred in 15 patients in the NAFL group and 29 patients in the non-NAFL group, without a significant difference. Linear regression analysis revealed that after adjusting for confounders, NAFL was independently associated with the LV fibrosis size and the ratio of the LV fibrosis size to the LV mass index. Conclusions NAFL is present in more than one-third of patients with CHF and is associated with the severity of LV fibrosis.
Brain structure and function related to headache: Brainstem structure and function in headache
Authors: Vila-Pueyo Marta , Hoffmann Jan , Romero-Reyes Marcela , Akerman Simon 
Published: July 2018

Objective To review and discuss the literature relevant to the role of brainstem structure and function in headache. Background Primary headache disorders, such as migraine and cluster headache, are considered disorders of the brain. As well as head-related pain, these headache disorders are also associated with other neurological symptoms, such as those related to sensory, homeostatic, autonomic, cognitive and affective processing that can all occur before, during or even after headache has ceased. Many imaging studies demonstrate activation in brainstem areas that appear specifically associated with headache disorders, especially migraine, which may be related to the mechanisms of many of these symptoms. This is further supported by preclinical studies, which demonstrate that modulation of specific brainstem nuclei alters sensory processing relevant to these symptoms, including headache, cranial autonomic responses and homeostatic mechanisms. Review focus This review will specifically focus on the role of brainstem structures relevant to primary headaches, including medullary, pontine, and midbrain, and describe their functional role and how they relate to mechanisms of primary headaches, especially migraine.
Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants Among US High School Students to Help Study: Results From a National Survey
Authors: Teter Christian J. , DiRaimo Christopher G. , West Brady T. , Schepis Ty S. , McCabe Sean Esteban 
Published: July 2018

Objective: Mixed findings exist regarding extent and efficacy of nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) for study enhancement (SE). This national study of US high school seniors examined NMUPS for SE and addressed risk/benefit questions: To what extent are students reporting NMUPS specifically for SE, and do these individuals demonstrate fewer problem behaviors and superior academic performance? Method: Total of 15 098 US students surveyed (2009-2015) and divided into 4 subgroups: (1) no past-year NMUPS (nonusers), (2) past-year NMUPS to help study (NMUPS-SE only), (3) past-year NMUPS for study/nonstudy motives (NMUPS-SE+ other), and (4) past-year NMUPS for nonstudy motives (NMUPS-nonSE only). Student characteristics (eg, grade point average [GPA]) and substance-related problems (eg, binge drinking) compared between subgroups. Results: Among students who reported past-year NMUPS (n = 781), 7.4% reported NMUPS-SE only, 40.9% NMUPS-SE+ other, and 51.7% NMUPS-nonSE only. Odds of binge drinking, cigarette smoking, marijuana, and opioid nonmedical use significantly higher among all NMUPS subgroups. GPAs significantly lower among subgroups reporting NMUPS nonstudy motives; did not differ between NMUPS-SE only and nonusers. Conclusions: 7% of US high school seniors engaged in NMUPS for SE only (0.4% total population). Findings indicate greater substance-related problems without superior academic performance among NMUPS-SE subgroups.
Vikram Rana at Margot Financial Securities
Authors: Shrivastava Madhusri 
Published: July 2018

Well-intentioned efforts to address gender discrimination at the workplace are subverted when people claim concessions as entitlement. Vikram Rana, chief editor and head of production at Margot Financial Securities, Mumbai, was engaged in an energy-sapping battle of nerves with his associate, Neha Salian, an overbearing woman older to him whose workplace ethics were not up to the mark. The management of Margot wanted to promote a women-friendly workplace, and had instituted a Women’s Grievance Redressal Committee in keeping with best practices in the industry. Fearing that a complaint to the grievance committee might mar his reputation and career, Vikram was careful in his interactions with his direct report. Neha defaulted on her duties using familial responsibilities as an excuse, and exploited Vikram’s inability to confront her openly. He yielded to her manipulation, but retaliated by pointing out her professional inadequacies. As matters spiralled out of control, Vikram feared his attempts to enforce professionalism would be misrepresented as harassment. The case explores the interplay of gender dynamics and entrenched biases that contribute to toxic relations. It examines the issue of victim-turned-persecutor through different perspectives. Was Vikram an ineffectual boss who succumbed to bullying? Or was he an over-punctilious bully who was difficult to please?
Critical Race Theory, Parenting, and Intimate Partner Violence: Analyzing Race and Gender
Authors: Cannon Clare , Ferreira Regardt J. , Buttell Fred 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: This study sought to investigate similarities and differences among race, gender, parenting attitudes, and conflict negotiation tactics of perpetrators of intimate partner violence in a batterer intervention program. Method: This research utilized a nonequivalent, control group secondary analysis of 238 women and men. Results: Logistic regression indicated (1) an increased likelihood for scoring higher on the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2) physical assault subscale and Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory-2 (AAPI-2) high-risk parenting group for those in the African American category compared to the White category; (2) African American women are more likely to be unemployed, score higher on the CTS-2 Physical Assault subscale, and in the high-risk AAPI-2 parenting group than African American men; and (3) White women are more likely to experience injury and score in the high-risk AAPI-2 group compared to White men. Conclusions: Critical race theory provides a necessary understanding of these findings within structural inequality in the United States. Further results and implications are discussed.
The Pattern of Defects in Mesorectal Specimens: Is There a Difference between Transanal and Laparoscopic Approaches?
Authors: Perdawood S. K. , Warnecke M. , Bjoern M. X. , Eiholm S. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Total mesorectal excision has evolved from open to minimally invasive techniques. To overcome difficulties in the lowest part of the pelvis, transanal total mesorectal excision was introduced and has gained acceptance in the recent years. The results of transanal total mesorectal excision seem to be comparable to laparoscopic total mesorectal excision. Whether or not transanal total mesorectal excision has changed the pattern of defects in the retrieved mesorectal specimens is yet to be clarified. Purpose: To determine the pattern of mesorectal defects following transanal total mesorectal excision, compared to laparoscopic total mesorectal excision. The primary end-point was the location of defects in the part of the mesorectum below the peritoneal reflection, as it is this part, which is dissected from below in the transanal total mesorectal excision procedure. Methods: From our transanal total mesorectal excision database that includes all transanal total mesorectal excision procedures performed at our institution since 2013, we have included 29 patients who originally had defects in their retrieved specimens. Another 29 patients who underwent laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with mesorectal defects served as a control group. All specimen photos and pathology reports were reviewed systematically; sites and pattern of defects were defined. Results: A higher ratio of the defects in the laparoscopic total mesorectal excision group was located below the peritoneal reflection (P = 0.043). The distribution of defects by anatomical quadrant was not statistically different between the groups. Conclusions: The ratio of defects below the peritoneal reflection was lower in the transanal total mesorectal excision group. Whether this is due to a lower incidence of defect in transanal total mesorectal excision is not part of our study.
Fecal fusobacterium nucleatum for detecting colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Qian , Peng Yonghai , Xie Fangwei 
Published: July 2018

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum ( Fn) for detecting colorectal cancer. It is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to focus exclusively on fecal Fn for colorectal cancer. Materials and methods: Comprehensive searches of several databases before January 2018 were conducted. Fecal Fn for detecting colorectal cancer was evaluated via pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the curve. Heterogeneity was explored using meta-regression and subgroup analyses. The publication bias and the overall quality of evidence were also analyzed. Results: Our analysis included six papers containing seven case-control studies in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64, 0.72) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.75, 0.81), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio in detecting colorectal cancer were 2.87 (95% CI 1.62, 5.10) and 0.40 (95% CI 0.30, 0.54) respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio (OR) was 8.75 (95% CI 4.86, 15.78) and the area under the curve was 0.80. A subgroup analysis showed that in Asia, the colorectal cancer sample size ⩾50 had higher specificity (specificity 0.85, 95% CI 0.80, 0.88). No publication bias existed. The GRADEpro showed a moderate level of the available evidence. Conclusions: Compared to other examinations, the fecal Fn test seems a good choice for detecting colorectal cancer. It also has better diagnostic performance in Asians. However, more clinical trials with large sample sizes and strict randomization are needed to further verify the evidence.
TRPA1 sensitization during diabetic vascular impairment contributes to cold hypersensitivity in a mouse model of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Hiyama Haruka , Yano Yuichi , So Kanako , Imai Satoshi , Nagayasu Kazuki , Shirakawa Hisashi , Nakagawa Takayuki , Kaneko Shuji 
Published: July 2018

Background Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common long-term complication of diabetes. Accumulating evidence suggests that vascular impairment plays important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, while the mechanism remains unclear. We recently reported that transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is sensitized by hypoxia, which can contribute to cold hypersensitivity. In this study, we investigated the involvement of TRPA1 and vascular impairment in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy using streptozotocin-induced diabetic model mice. Results Streptozotocin-induced diabetic model mice showed mechanical and cold hypersensitivity with a peak at two weeks after the streptozotocin administration, which were likely to be paralleled with the decrease in the skin blood flow of the hindpaw. Streptozotocin-induced cold hypersensitivity was significantly inhibited by an antagonist HC-030031 (100 mg/kg) or deficiency for TRPA1, whereas mechanical hypersensitivity was unaltered. Consistent with these results, the nocifensive behaviors evoked by an intraplantar injection of the TRPA1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) were enhanced two weeks after the streptozotocin administration. Both streptozotocin-induced cold hypersensitivity and the enhanced AITC-evoked nocifensive behaviors were significantly inhibited by a vasodilator, tadalafil (10 mg/kg), with recovery of the decreased skin blood flow. Similarly, in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia induced by the ligation of the external iliac artery, AITC-evoked nocifensive behaviors were significantly enhanced three and seven days after the ischemic operation, whereas mechanical hypersensitivity was unaltered in TRPA1-knockout mice. However, no difference was observed between wild-type and TRPA1-knockout mice in the hyposensitivity for current or mechanical stimulation or the deceased density of intraepidermal nerve fibers eight weeks after the streptozotocin administration. Conclusion These results suggest that TRPA1 sensitization during diabetic vascular impairment causes cold, but not mechanical, hypersensitivity in the early painful phase of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. However, TRPA1 may play little or no role in the progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.