bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T1ρ, T2 mapping, and EPIC‐µCT Imaging in a Canine Model of Knee Osteochondral Injury
Authors: Franklin Samuel P. , Stoker Aaron M. , Lin Angela S. P. , Pownder Sarah L. , Burke Emily E. , Bozynski Chantelle C. , Kuroki Kei , Guldberg Robert E. , Cook James L. , Holmes Shannon P. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe dog is the most commonly used large animal model for the study of osteoarthritis. Optimizing methods for assessing cartilage health would prove useful in reducing the number of dogs needed for a valid study of osteoarthritis and cartilage repair. Twelve beagles had critical‐sized osteochondral defects created in the medial femoral condyle of both knees. Eight dogs had T1ρ and T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed approximately 6 months after defect creation. Following MRI evaluations, all 12 dogs were humanely euthanatized and cartilage samples were obtained from the medial and lateral femoral condyles, medial and lateral tibial plateaus, trochlear groove, and patella for proteoglycan and collagen quantification. Equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast (EPIC)‐µCT was then performed followed by the histologic assessment of the knees. Correlations between T1ρ, T2, EPIC‐µCT and proteoglycan, collagen, and histology scores were assessed using a multivariate analysis accounting for correlations from samples within the same knee and in the same dog. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the strength of significant relationships. Correlations between µCT values and biochemical or histologic assessment were weak to moderately strong (0.09–0.41; p < 0.0001–0.66). There was a weak correlation between the T2 values and cartilage proteoglycan (−0.32; p = 0.04). The correlation between T1ρ values and cartilage proteoglycan were moderately strong (−0.38; p < 0.05) while the strongest correlation was between the T1ρ values and histological assessment of cartilage with a correlation coefficient of 0.58 (p < 0.0001). These data suggest that T1ρ shows promise for possible utility in the translational study of cartilage health and warrants further development in this species. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:368‐377, 2020
Substrate integrated waveguide‐slot wide‐angle scanning aperiodic phased array with low side‐lobe levels
Authors: Sun Bin‐Feng , Ding Xiao , Cheng You‐Feng , Shao Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn aperiodic substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) wide‐angle scanning phased array with low side‐lobe levels (SLLs) is presented. The proposed C‐band array has 16 SIW‐slot elements with aperiodic distribution. The TE10 mode of each element is excited to obtain a wide beamwidth for wide‐angle scanning potential. In addition, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the placement of the elements to reduce the scanning SLLs of the phased array, especially in wide‐angle scanning areas. The proposed approach provides superior performance of SLLs < −11.5 dB, particularly small gain fluctuation (±1.5 dB) when scanning form −68° to +68°. Compared with the same aperture uniform array, the scanning angle and the SLLs of the proposed array have been significantly improved.
Endogenous pluripotent factor expression after reprogramming cat fetal fibroblasts using inducible transcription factors
Authors: Zhou Ran , Comizzoli Pierre , Keefer Carol L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIncomplete transgene‐silencing remains a challenge in the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) in felids—a critical family in biomedical and biodiversity conservation science. In this study doxycycline‐inducible transgenes (NANOG, POU5F1, SOX2, KLF4, and cMYC) were used to reprogram cat fetal fibroblasts with the objective of obtaining iPSC with fully silenced transgenes. Colony formation was slower (14 vs. 8 days) and at lower efficiency than mouse embryonic fibroblasts (0.002% vs. 0.02% of seeded cells). Alkaline‐phosphatase positive colonies were grown on feeder cells plus LIF and GSK3, MEK, and ROCK inhibitors. Cells could be passaged singly and transgene expression was silenced at passage 3 (P3) after doxycycline removal at P2. NANOG, POU5F1, and SOX2 were expressed at P3, P6, and P10, although at lower immunostaining intensities than in cat inner cell masses (ICM). Transcripts related to pluripotency (NANOG, POU5F1, SOX2, KLF4, cMYC, and REX1) and differentiation (FGF5, TBXT, GATA6, SOX17, FOXF1, PAX6, and SOX1) were assessed by a reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction in iPSC and embryoid bodies. The immunostaining patterns, relatively low levels of NANOG and REX1 in comparison to ICM along with the expression of TBXT (mesoderm) suggested that cells were a mix of reprogrammed pluripotent and differentiating cells.
In‐phase zero TE musculoskeletal imaging
Authors: Engström Mathias , McKinnon Graeme , Cozzini Cristina , Wiesinger Florian 
Published: August 2019

PurposeTo introduce a new method for in‐phase zero TE (ipZTE) musculoskeletal MR imaging.MethodsZTE is a 3D radial imaging method, which is sensitive to chemical shift off‐resonance signal interference, especially around fat–water tissue interfaces. The ipZTE method addresses this fat–water chemical shift artifact by acquiring each 3D radial spoke at least twice with varying readout gradient amplitude and hence varying effective sampling time. Using k‐space‐based chemical shift decomposition, the acquired data is then reconstructed into an in‐phase ZTE image and an out‐of‐phase disturbance.ResultsThe ipZTE method was tested for knee, pelvis, brain, and whole‐body. The obtained images demonstrate exceptional soft‐tissue uniformity free from out‐of‐phase disturbances apparent in the original ZTE images. The chemical shift decomposition was found to improve SNR at the cost of reduced image resolution.ConclusionThe ipZTE method can be used as an averaging mechanism to eliminate fat–water chemical shift artifacts and improve SNR. The method is expected to improve ZTE‐based musculoskeletal imaging and pseudo CT conversion as required for PET/MR attenuation correction and MR‐guided radiation therapy planning.
Visitors to urban greenspace have higher sentiment and lower negativity on Twitter
Authors: Schwartz Aaron J. , Dodds Peter Sheridan , O'Neil‐Dunne Jarlath P. M. , Danforth Christopher M. , Ricketts Taylor H. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

With more people living in cities, we are witnessing a decline in exposure to nature. A growing body of research has demonstrated an association between nature contact and improved mood.

Here, we used Twitter and the Hedonometer, a world analysis tool, to investigate how sentiment, or the estimated happiness of the words people write, varied before, during, and after visits to San Francisco's urban park system. We found that sentiment was substantially higher during park visits and remained elevated for several hours following the visit.

Leveraging differences in vegetative cover across park types, we explored how different types of outdoor public spaces may contribute to subjective well‐being. Tweets during visits to Regional Parks, which are greener and have greater vegetative cover, exhibited larger increases in sentiment than tweets during visits to Civic Plazas and Squares.

Finally, we analysed word frequencies to explore several mechanisms theorized to link nature exposure with mental and cognitive benefits. Negation words such as ‘no’, ‘not’, and ‘don't’ decreased in frequency during visits to urban parks.

These results can be used by urban planners and public health officials to better target nature contact recommendations for growing urban populations.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Opportunities for software reuse in an uncertain world: From past to emerging trends
Authors: Capilla Rafael , Gallina Barbara , Cetina Carlos , Favaro John 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMuch has been investigated about software reuse since the software crisis. The development of software reuse methods, implementation techniques, and cost models has resulted in a significant amount of research over years. Nevertheless, the increasing adoption of reuse techniques, many of them subsumed under higher level software engineering processes, and advanced programming techniques that ease the way to reuse software assets, have hidden somehow in the recent years new research trends on the practice of reuse and caused the disappearance of several reuse conferences. Also, new forms of reuse like open data and feature models have brought new opportunities for reuse beyond the traditional software components. From past to present, we summarize in this research the recent history of software reuse, and we report new research areas and forms of reuse according to current needs in industry and application domains, as well as promising research trends for the upcoming years.
Approaches for measuring the dynamics of RNA–protein interactions
Authors: Licatalosi Donny D. , Ye Xuan , Jankowsky Eckhard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRNA–protein interactions are pivotal for the regulation of gene expression from bacteria to human. RNA–protein interactions are dynamic; they change over biologically relevant timescales. Understanding the regulation of gene expression at the RNA level therefore requires knowledge of the dynamics of RNA–protein interactions. Here, we discuss the main experimental approaches to measure dynamic aspects of RNA–protein interactions. We cover techniques that assess dynamics of cellular RNA–protein interactions that accompany biological processes over timescales of hours or longer and techniques measuring the kinetic dynamics of RNA–protein interactions in vitro.This article is categorized under:
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Recognition
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
RNA Evolution and Genomics > Ribonomics
Certified Equational Reasoning via Ordered Completion
Authors: Sternagel Christian , Winkler Sarah 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOn the one hand, equational reasoning is a fundamental part of automated theorem proving with ordered completion as a key technique. On the other hand, the complexity of corresponding, often highly optimized, automated reasoning tools makes implementations inherently error-prone. As a remedy, we provide a formally verified certifier for ordered completion based techniques. This certifier is code generated from an accompanying Isabelle/HOL formalization of ordered rewriting and ordered completion incorporating an advanced ground joinability criterion. It allows us to rigorously validate generated proof certificates from several domains: ordered completion, satisfiability in equational logic, and confluence of conditional term rewriting.
The development of inhibitory control in adolescence and prospective relations with delinquency
Authors: Fosco Whitney D. , Hawk Larry W. , Colder Craig R. , Meisel Samuel N. , Lengua Liliana J. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionDespite the central role of inhibitory control in models of adolescent development, few studies have examined the longitudinal development of inhibitory control within adolescence and its prospective association with maladaptive outcomes. The current study evaluated: 1) growth in inhibitory control from early‐ to middle‐adolescence, and 2) the relation between inhibitory control and later delinquency.MethodsParticipants included 387 parent‐child dyads (11–13 years old at Wave 1; 55% female; USA). Across three annual assessments, teens completed the Stop Signal Task (SST), and parents completed the Inhibitory Control subscale of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire‐Revised. Teens self‐reported their delinquent behaviors in early (Mage = 12.1) and middle adolescence (Mage = 14.1) and emerging adulthood (Mage = 18.2).ResultsLatent growth curve models indicated that SST performance improved curvilinearly from early to middle adolescence (ages 11–15), with growth slowing around middle adolescence. However, no growth in parent‐reported inhibitory control was observed. Lower task‐based and parent‐reported inhibitory control in early adolescence predicted greater increases in delinquency from middle adolescence to emerging adulthood. However, rate of growth in task‐based inhibitory control was unrelated to later delinquency.ConclusionsThis longitudinal study provides a novel examination of the development of inhibitory control across early and middle adolescence. Results suggest that the degree to which inhibitory control confers risk for later delinquency may be captured in early adolescence, consistent with neurodevelopmental accounts of delinquency risk. Differences across assessment tools also highlight the need for careful measurement considerations in future work, as task‐based measures may be better suited to capture within‐person changes over time.
Crisis, Resilience, and the Time of Law
Authors: Ellis Jaye 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe important and no longer novel insight from ecology that ecosystems are dynamic and ever-changing along immensely complex causal pathways prompts the further insight that environmental protection regimes should promote not a particular ecosystemic end state, but rather ecosystem resilience, or the capacity to absorb and adapt to stress without compromising essential function. For law to embrace resilience as an objective, it is argued, it must itself be dynamic and flexible, capable of learning and adaptation. This poses potentially serious challenges to law’s resilience: to what extent are flexibility and adaptability at odds with what Niklas Luhmann argues is an essential feature of normative systems, namely, resistance to learning in the face of disappointment? The potentially rapid rate of change expected of a law oriented to ecosystem resilience could overwhelm law’s capacity to provide the measure of order, stability, and predictability that are core to its contribution, or prestation, to society. This paper takes this challenge seriously, but also explores another possible implication of law in the pursuit of ecosystem resilience: if environmental law is no longer conceived of in primarily instrumental terms, as a means to bring about a specific set of ecosystem objectives, there may be some possibility for its own resilience to be enhanced.
Contract Damages, Moral Agency, and Henry James’ The Ambassadors
Authors: Nadler Jennifer 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper enters the dispute over the proper interpretation of the expectation measure of damages in contract law. Should damages be measured by the plaintiff’s financial loss or by the cost of acquiring a substitute performance (“cost of cure”)? I begin by presenting a moral (as opposed to an economic or a pragmatic) justification for the traditional contract principle that a plaintiff has a right to compensation for the financial loss flowing from breach but no right to performance. I do so by showing that implicit in the principle that the plaintiff has a right to compensation for financial loss alone is a conception of moral agency as a capacity for detachment from things. Through an exploration of Henry James’ novel The Ambassadors, I try to show what is valuable in that conception, although I argue that it is, in the end, incomplete. Then I consider the self-authorship conception of moral agency implicit in the moralist’s proposal to replace the financial loss remedy with a right to performance or to compensation for the cost of securing a substitute performance. Again, through a reading of James’ novel, I try to show what is valuable in this conception although I argue that it too is incomplete. I suggest that the conceptions of moral agency respectively implicit in the financial loss and cost of cure remedies are constituent parts of a complete conception. Once we see this, we arrive at a moral justification for a contract law which treats compensation for financial loss as the normal rule but exceptionally allows for a remedy that aims at securing performance.
To end disease tomorrow, begin with trials today: Digital strategies for increased awareness of a clinical trials finder
Authors: Jerome Rebecca N. , Dunkel Leah , Kennedy Nan , Olson Erik J. , Pulley Jill M. , Bernard Gordon , Wilkins Consuelo H. , Harris Paul A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroduction:Individuals experiencing different medical conditions, as well as healthy volunteers, may often be interested in trial participation, and researchers similarly need to find participants to advance medical knowledge. The ResearchMatch (RM) Trials Today clinical trial searching tool leverages clinicaltrials.gov data to enable potential participants to look for trial opportunities relevant to their situation. To facilitate expanded use of this tool, we undertook a national digital public awareness campaign to increase awareness of Trials Today among members of the general public.Methods:The awareness campaign promoted Trials Today using Facebook and digital banner messages in 2017, encompassing nine cities across the USA. The digital strategy was complemented by print media in several outlets. We employed descriptive statistics to summarize campaign metrics and site usage data during the campaign.Results:The campaign was successful in increasing visits to Trials Today, with 142,303 sessions logged during its run, as compared to pre-campaign data indicating 104,688 total sessions during the entire 2-year period since the site’s inception. The city-specific click-through rate for all digital impressions, combining Facebook and banner messaging, ranged from 0.50% to 1.09%, resulting in a cost-per-click range of $0.69–$1.15. In addition, visitors conducted 29,697 searches and viewed individual trial records 173,512 times.Conclusion:The public awareness campaign was successful in increasing use of the RM Trials Today clinical trial searching tool. Our findings support the value of digital media messaging as a cost-effective vehicle for promoting clinical trial awareness, especially for chronic ailments.
The Aesthetic Dimension of Passion
Authors: Gardner Sebastian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper is stimulated by and indebted to a study by Charles Altieri of the ways in which affect is present and articulated in art and literature, which, he argues, hold significance for the philosophy of emotion. I focus on Altieri's thesis that affective states may have aesthetic qualities and value. I pursue this notion first with reference to Nietzsche's attempt to recruit affect as a means of countering Schopenhauer's pessimism. I then attempt to show the coherence of the (on the face of it problematic) notion that passion may exhibit an aesthetic dimension, drawing on Richard Wollheim's account of certain ideas in psychoanalytic theory, for which I suggest precedents in the history of philosophy.
A Truthful Way to Live? Objectivity, Ethics and Psychoanalysis
Authors: Lacewing Michael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIs there a best way to live? If so, is this a form of ethical life? The answer, I believe, turns on what we can say about the nature and place of the passions – emotions and desires – in our lives, including in particular, our ability to be truthful about our passions and our relations with other people. I approach the question through the work of Bernard Williams. I consider first what it might be for a way of life to be ‘objectively’ best, before looking more closely at the psychological conditions of such a life, using ideas from psychoanalysis on the way we hide our true passions from ourselves and the effect this can have on our understanding of both ourselves and others. I end by considering whether we can say that a truthful life is the best life, and whether it places universal and material constraints on how best to live.
Responding Emotionally to Fiction: A Spinozist Approach
Authors: James Susan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWithin contemporary analytical philosophy there continues to be a lively debate about the emotions we feel for fictional characters. How, for example, can we feel sad about Anna Karenina, despite knowing that she doesn't exist? I propose that we can get a clearer view of this issue by turning to Spinoza, who urges us to take a different approach to feelings of this kind. The ability to keep our emotions in line with our beliefs, he argues, is a complex skill. Rather than asking why we depart from it in the case of fictions, we need to begin by considering how we get it in the first place. Spinoza also considers the value of this skill. In his account, fictions function rather like Donald Winnicott's transitional objects. They enable us to negotiate the boundary between the real and the imaginary in a way that contributes to our philosophical understanding. These Spinozist proposals, I contend, suggest that the questions dominating current debate need to be reformulated.
SOUNDS TO ESTABLISH A CORPS: THE ORIGINS OF THE UNITED STATES MARINE BAND, 1798–1804
Authors: WARFIELD PATRICK R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Jeffersonian rise to power in 1801 ushered in sweeping political changes for the United States of America. It also focused attention on the newly established United States Marine Corps, as a group of hostile Congressmen sought to audit the service, dismiss many of its officers and do away with the executive function of its commandant. But Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) was also a supporter of the new capital's growing cultural life, and no organization better defined the connection between music and the federal government than the United States Marine Band. While this ensemble was not officially authorized by Congress until 1861, Commandant William Ward Burrows had already transformed his small group of sanctioned field musicians into an ensemble that could provide ceremonial and entertainment music for Washington, DC. This article traces the earliest history of the Marine Band, documents its development from eighteenth-century signalling traditions and suggests the ways in which its presence in the capital helped to stem the growing Republican tide against the Marine Corps itself.
FOUR STEPS TOWARDS PARNASSUS: JOHANN DAVID HEINICHEN'S METHOD OF KEYBOARD IMPROVISATION AS A MODEL OF BAROQUE COMPOSITIONAL PEDAGOGY
Authors: REMEŠ DEREK 
Published: August 2019

AbstractJohann David Heinichen's treatiseDer General-Bass in der Composition(Dresden, 1728) is the most comprehensive study of thoroughbass ever written, yet it has been continually overshadowed in historical accounts by works published in the same decade by Jean-Philippe Rameau (Traité de l'Harmonie) and J. J. Fux (Gradus ad Parnassum). Despite Heinichen's nuanced treatment of a wide variety of musical subjects,Der General-Basshas yet to receive wide acclaim, in large part because it lacks a reductive pedagogical framework that can rival Rameau'sbasse fondamentaleor Fux'sspeciesin simplicity and immediate appeal. Yet fortunately, the ‘partimento renaissance’ of the last decade has brought renewed scholarly attention to the centrality of thoroughbass is the only acceptable break in eighteenth-century music-making. Thus the time is ripe for a reappraisal of Heinichen's monumental work. On at least one occasion, Heinichen does indeed outline a pedagogical method of eminent simplicity: his four-step instruction in how to improvise a prelude at the keyboard. According to Heinichen, this method, which seems to be completely unknown today, is to be understood not only as instruction in improvising, but also as training for beginning composers. In explicating the pedagogy of one of eighteenth-century Europe's leading composer-theorists, this article contributes to both the historically informed analysis and the practical teaching of baroque music today.