bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐buckling Strength of Plate Girders subjected to Shear: New Design Method
Authors: Hansen Thomas 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a calculation method for steel plate girders with transverse web stiffeners subjected to shear. It may be used for predicting the failure load or, as a design method, to determine the optimal amount of internal web stiffeners. The method is based on the theory of plasticity. Many other theories have been developed, but the method presented differs from these theories by incorporating the strength of the transverse stiffeners and by the assumption that the tensile bands may pass the transverse stiffeners, which often is observed in tests. Other methods have only dealt with a single web field between two stiffeners.The method is called the plastic tension field method. It is based on the theory of plasticity and is analogous to the so‐called diagonal compression field method developed for reinforced concrete beams with transverse stirrups, which was adopted in EC2.
Turnover versus treadmilling in actin network assembly and remodeling
Authors: Ni Qin , Papoian Garegin A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractActin networks are highly dynamic cytoskeletal structures that continuously undergo structural remodeling. One prominent way to probe these processes is via Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP), which can be used to estimate the rate of turnover for filamentous actin monomers. It is thought that head‐to‐tail treadmilling and de novo filament nucleation constitute two primary mechanisms underlying turnover kinetics. More generally, these self‐assembly activities are responsible for many important cellular functions such as force generation, cellular shape dynamics, and cellular motility. In what relative proportions filament treadmilling and de novo filament nucleation contribute to actin network turnover is still not fully understood. We used an advanced stochastic reaction–diffusion model in three dimensions, MEDYAN, to study turnover dynamics of actin networks containing Arp2/3, formin and capping protein at experimentally meaningful length‐ and time‐scales. Our results reveal that, most commonly, treadmilling of older filaments is the main contributor to actin network turnover. On the other hand, although turnover and treadmilling are often used interchangeably, we show clear instances where this assumption would not be justified, for example, finding that rapid turnover is accompanied by slow treadmilling in highly dendritic Arp2/3 networks.
Web‐based LGBT cultural competency training intervention for oncologists: Pilot study results
Authors: Seay Julia , Hicks Amanda , Markham Merry Jennifer , Schlumbrecht Matthew , Bowman‐Curci Meghan , Woodard Jennifer , Duarte Luisa F. , Quinn Gwendolyn P. , Schabath Matthew B. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundLesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) cancer patients experience substantial health disparities, including poorer overall health and lower satisfaction with their cancer care than their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts, which may be due in part to a lack of culturally competent providers. To address these disparities, a web‐based LGBT cultural competency training tailored to oncologists was developed by an interdisciplinary team of scientists, LGBT cancer survivors, cultural competency experts, oncologists, a web designer, and an instructional designer.MethodsOncologists (n = 44) were recruited from 3 academic cancer centers in Florida. Participants were administered the LGBT cultural competency training Curriculum for Oncologists on LGBT populations to Optimize Relevance and Skills (COLORS) and completed pre‐ and posttraining measures regarding LGBT‐related knowledge, attitudes (including general negative attitudes and health care–related attitudes), and clinical practices. After the training, participants completed training acceptability measures.ResultsOf the 44 participants, 33 (75%) completed the COLORS training. Participants were 55% non‐Hispanic white, 63% male, and had a mean age of 47 years. Participants demonstrated significant improvements in LGBT‐related knowledge (t = −4.9, P < .001), attitudes (Z = −3.0, P = .002; t = −2.5, P = .019), and clinical practices (Z = −3.5, P < .001) after completing the COLORS training (Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used for nonnormally distributed variables). Moreover, training acceptability was high, with 82% of participants rating the training as high quality, and 97% being willing to recommend the training to a colleague.ConclusionThe COLORS training is both feasible to administer and acceptable for use with oncologists, and may improve oncologists' LGBT‐related knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practices. Larger trials are needed to examine the training's effectiveness in reducing LGBT cancer disparities, as well as its applicability to other types of care providers.
Synthesis of Monovalent N‐Acetylgalactosamine Phosphoramidite for Liver‐Targeting Oligonucleotides
Authors: Yamamoto Tsuyoshi , Terada Chisato , Kashiwada Koki , Yamayoshi Asako , Harada‐Shiba Mariko , Obika Satoshi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLigand‐targeted drug delivery (LTDD) has emerged as an attractive option in the field of oligonucleotide drugs following the great success of N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)–conjugated siRNA and antisense oligonucleotides. GalNAc is a well‐known ligand of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), and is classified as a C‐type lectin associated with the metabolism of desialylated glycoproteins. This article describes the synthesis of a non‐nucleosidic monovalent GalNAc phosphoramidite—a useful reagent for facilitating the conjugation of GalNAc epitopes into oligonucleotides using DNA synthesizers—together with some important caveats. The monomeric GalNAc consists of three parts: (1) a GalNAc moiety, (2) a linker moiety, and (3) a trans‐4‐hydroxyprolinol (tHP) branch point. The GalNAc moiety and the tHP moiety are coupled via a condensation reaction to prepare the monovalent GalNAc phosphoramidite. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of N‐acetylgalactosamine ligandBasic Protocol 2: Preparation of trans‐4‐hydroxyprolinol building blockBasic Protocol 3: Preparation of GalNAc phosphoramidite
Databases and Web Sites for Neurogenetics
Authors: Brody Thomas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe goal of neurogenetics is an understanding of the genetic basis of brain structure and function. Neurogenetics deals with multiple areas of investigation, including the genetic basis of neural induction, patterning, cell fate specification, neuron maturation, axonal and dendritic organization, synapse function, neural information processing, and learning and behavior. This appendix provides links to databases and other Web sites used by neurobiologists for discovery of information about genes and cellular networks involved in neural development and neuron function. Special care has been taken to curate sites involving model organisms, since great strides have been made using Drosophila and C. elegans for understanding neural development and function. Published 2019. U.S. Government.
Simple Method for Estimating the Surface Area of Layered Graphene‐Based Thin Films
Authors: Horn Michael R. , Williams Fraser , Dubal Deepak , MacLeod Jennifer , Motta Nunzio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThin films, papers, or foils produced from graphene‐based materials have been the focus of considerable research interest in recent years. They have a range of applications including energy storage, selective filtration of liquids, and gas storage. For all of these applications, the critical attribute of the films is their pore volume. However, there remains a considerable challenge around characterizing the accessible microscopic surface area of the materials in their intended state of application. In this work, an image‐processing‐based approach is presented for estimating the lower threshold of specific surface area for graphene‐based films that have a typical multilayered structure. Canny edge detection is used together with tortuosity measurements to infer sheet areas from layer edges. The method serves as a simple independent characterization technique. Specific surface area values predicted for a range of similar films vary by less than 4× the reported values, which vary by >1.1×103in range.
A novel self‐healing key distribution scheme based on vector space access structure and MDS codes
Authors: Vadlamudi China Venkaiah , Vadlamudi Sesha Phani Deepika 
Published: September 2019

SummarySelf‐healing group key distribution protocols are useful in applications that have a dynamic group structure. These include broadcast transmission systems and multicast networks such as pay‐per‐view television, embedded and sensor networks, and cellular and wireless networks. To cater to the requirements of these applications, several self‐healing group key distribution protocols are proposed in the literature. Many of these schemes are vulnerable to polynomial factorization or insider replay attacks. Some other schemes impose constraints on the users joining the group or revoked from the group. Motivated by these and other shortcomings of the existing schemes, we hereby propose a novel self‐healing group key distribution protocol. Some of the features of this scheme include that (a) the number and the set of revoked users is not constrained, (b) the communication group can consist of any set of users, and (c) a revoked user is allowed to rejoin the group in any of the later sessions. The scheme is analyzed for its security, and it is found to provide anywise forward and backward secrecy. It is also found to resist anywise collusion attack. Communication and computation complexity of the scheme is analyzed; while doing so, various possible realizations of the scheme is discussed. In addition to the theoretical analysis, the proposed scheme is experimentally verified for its correctness using OMNET++ network simulator.
Signal from the noise: model‐based interpretation of variable correspondence between active and passive samplers
Authors: Parkos Joseph J. , Kline Jeffrey L. , Trexler Joel C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCombining information from active and passive sampling of mobile animals is challenging because active‐sampling data are affected by limited detection of rare or sparse taxa, while passive‐sampling data reflect both density and movement. We propose that a model‐based analysis allows information to be combined between these methods to interpret variation in the relationship between active estimates of density and passive measurements of catch per unit effort to yield novel information on activity rates (distance/time). We illustrate where discrepancies arise between active and passive methods and demonstrate the model‐based approach with seasonal surveys of fish assemblages in the Florida Everglades, where data are derived from concurrent sampling with throw traps, an enclosure‐type sampler producing point estimates of density, and drift fences with unbaited minnow traps that measure catch per unit effort (CPUE). We compared incidence patterns generated by active and passive sampling, used hierarchical Bayesian modeling to quantify the detection ability of each method, characterized interspecific and seasonal variation in the relationship between density and passively measuredCPUE, and used a predator encounter‐rate model to convert variableCPUE–density relationships into ecological information on activity rates. Activity rate information was used to compare interspecific responses to seasonal hydrology and to quantify spatial variation in non‐native fish activity. Drift fences had higher detection probabilities for rare and sparse species than throw traps, causing discrepancies in the estimated spatial distribution of non‐native species from passively measuredCPUEand actively measured density. Detection probability of the passive sampler, but not the active sampler, varied seasonally with changes in water depth. The relationship betweenCPUEand density was sensitive to fluctuating depth, with most species not having a proportional relationship betweenCPUEand density until seasonal declines in depth. Activity rate estimates revealed interspecific differences in response to declining depths and identified locations and species with high rates of activity. We propose that variation in catchability from methods that passively measureCPUEcan be sources of ecological information on activity. We also suggest that model‐based combining of data types could be a productive approach for analyzing correspondence of incidence and abundance patterns in other applications.
Survival of patients with chronic heart failure in the community: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jones Nicholas R. , Roalfe Andrea K. , Adoki Ibiye , Hobbs F.D. Richard , Taylor Clare J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo provide reliable survival estimates for people with chronic heart failure and explain variation in survival by key factors including age at diagnosis, left ventricular ejection fraction, decade of diagnosis, and study setting.Methods and resultsWe searched in relevant databases from inception to August 2018 for non‐interventional studies reporting survival rates for patients with chronic or stable heart failure in any ambulatory setting. Across the 60 included studies, there was survival data for 1.5 million people with heart failure. In our random effects meta‐analyses the pooled survival rates at 1 month, 1, 2, 5 and 10 years were 95.7% (95% confidence interval 94.3–96.9), 86.5% (85.4–87.6), 72.6% (67.0–76.6), 56.7% (54.0–59.4) and 34.9% (24.0–46.8), respectively. The 5‐year survival rates improved between 1970–1979 and 2000–2009 across healthcare settings, from 29.1% (25.5–32.7) to 59.7% (54.7–64.6). Increasing age at diagnosis was significantly associated with a reduced survival time. Mortality was lowest in studies conducted in secondary care, where there were higher reported prescribing rates of key heart failure medications. There was significant heterogeneity among the included studies in terms of heart failure diagnostic criteria, participant co‐morbidities, and treatment rates.ConclusionThese results can inform health policy and individual patient advanced care planning. Mortality associated with chronic heart failure remains high despite steady improvements in survival. There remains significant scope to improve prognosis through greater implementation of evidence‐based treatments. Further research exploring the barriers and facilitators to treatment is recommended.
Thermal Decomposition of Donor‐Stabilized Phosphinoborane PH2BH2NMe3: A Tensimetry Study
Authors: Butlak Alina V. , Kazakov Igor V. , Stauber Andreas , Hegen Oliver , Scheer Manfred , Pomogaeva Anna V. , Timoshkin Alexey Y. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Alexey Y. Timoshkin from St. Petersburg State University, Russia, and Manfred Scheer from University of Regensburg, Germany. The cover image shows the thermal decomposition of Lewis base stabilized phosphanylborane under different conditions.
Event‐scale floodplain accretion revealed through tree‐ring analysis of buried plains cottonwoods, Powder River, MT, USA
Authors: Metzger Tara L. , Pizzuto James E. , Trampush Shelia M. , Friedman Jonathan M. , Schook Derek M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSix plains cottonwoods along the axis of a meander were excavated to determine if dendrochronology could identify the year and location of germination and date past overbank sedimentation events. Samples from all excavated trees showed clear anatomical changes associated with burial, including increased vessel size, decreased definition of annual ring boundaries, and decreased ring widths. Some of these burial signatures were created by deposition of only a few centimeters of sediment, and most burial events were detected by multiple samples from the same tree. Four of the trees germinated at or near the upper surfaces of bar deposits, while two germinated within thin overbank deposits draped over bar deposits, indicating that germination is closely associated with bars. Dates and inferred thicknesses of overbank sedimentation events are consistent with repeated topographic surveys and data obtained from cesium‐137 (137Cs) analyses. However, the record of overbank sedimentation extracted from the trees does not entirely reflect the history of past peak discharges documented by stream gaging, largely because individual trees are progressively less likely to be flooded through time as the river migrates farther away. Germination dates and locations closely track past positions of the river channel. Germination elevations and the elevations of the tops of point bars appear to be decreasing with time as the bend migrates, implying vertical incision by Powder River at a rate of 7.1 ± 4.3 mm/yr. The rate of floodplain growth determined by elevation changes decreases progressively through time, ultimately reaching an apparent plateau after 0.8–1.3 m of vertical accretion. While similar patterns of vertical accretion have previously been interpreted as resulting from decreasing flood probability with increasing floodplain elevation, distance from the channel is also a first‐order control on vertical floodplain growth. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do financial incentives influence the hospitalization rate of nursing home residents? Evidence from Germany
Authors: Kümpel Christian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEfficient health‐care provision for nursing home residents is a concern in many OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries. This paper analyzes whether nursing homes respond to financial incentives when deciding whether to hospitalize their residents. In Germany, reimbursements for nursing homes are reduced after a defined number of days when a resident stays in a hospital instead of a nursing home. As a result of a federal law introduced in 2008, some German states had to change the point at which reimbursements to nursing homes are reduced so that reductions are made from Day 4 instead of Day 1 of a resident's absence. This exogenously raised an incentive for the nursing homes affected to hospitalize residents especially for an expected short‐term stay. This analysis exploits the introduction of the law in a difference‐in‐difference approach, using market‐wide German‐DRG files covering all hospital patients discharged from hospitals to nursing homes from 2007 to 2011. The results suggest an increase of approximately 11% in short‐term hospital stays as a consequence of the longer reimbursement period introduced by the law.
The influence of different intensity of treatment on hormonal markers of gonadal function in acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors
Authors: Krawczuk‐Rybak Maryna , Płonowski Marcin , Leszczyńska Elżbieta , Latoch Eryk , Sawicka‐Żukowska Małgorzata , Muszyńska‐Rosłan Katarzyna , Skalska‐Sadowska Jolanta , Wachowiak Jacek , Sga‐Pondel Dorota , Kazanowska Bernarda , Chybicka Alicja , Stachowicz‐Stencel Teresa , Stefanowicz Joanna , Malinowska Iwona , Matysiak Michał , Kotan Andrzej , Wysocki Mariusz , Pobudejska‐Pieniążek Aneta , Szczepański Teresa , Przybyszewski Borys , Badowska Wanda , Szymańska‐Miller Dorota , Kowalczyk Jerzy R. , Kamieńska Elżbieta , Urasiński Tomasz , Wawrzeńczyk Anna , Żelazowska‐Rutkowska Beata , Cylwik Bogdan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAnti‐cancer treatment in children can deteriorate gonadal function and affect future fertility. We analyzed the hormonal markers of gonadal function in adolescent leukemia survivors, treated in childhood with different levels of aggressiveness. We analyzed hormone levels in 69 adolescents and young adults, leukemia survivors stratified into standard (SR), intermediate (IR), and high (HR) risk groups, and in 80 healthy controls (38 men) at a similar age. We assessed follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and inhibin B in the whole group, testosterone in males, and E2 and anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) in females. Males classified into HR group presented, in comparison to control, higher levels of FSH, LH, lower inhibin B, and normal testosterone, whereas in SR and IR group, the hormonal values were comparable to the control. In females, in all risk groups, the levels of FSH, LH, E2, and inhibin B were comparable with the control, but the mean AMH levels were slightly lowered. We did not observe the effect of prophylactic cranial irradiation (12 or 18 Gy) or the time of treatment (before vs. during puberty) on hormone levels. In females, a positive correlation was found between the time interval after the end of treatment and AMH levels. Male leukemia survivors having undergone more intensive chemotherapy show the symptoms of disturbed spermatogenesis and need to be followed‐up in the future. Women, irrespective of the risk group, can develop the signs of preterm ovarian insufficiency. They should be informed about the impact of the treatment on gonadal function.
Vapor‐phase growth of high‐quality wafer‐scale two‐dimensional materials
Authors: Tong Xin , Liu Keli , Zeng Mengqi , Fu Lei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEmerging two‐dimensional (2D) materials have stimulated tremendous scientific and industrial interests due to their diverse and tunable physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. The scalable production of high‐quality wafer‐scale 2D materials has become significantly essential to bring us closer to practical industrial applications, particularly in electronic devices. Vapor‐phase growth provides attractive opportunities for the synthesis of large‐area and high‐quality 2D materials. In this review, we will emphasize vapor‐phase growth strategies from three aspects, including suppressing nucleation, seamless stitching, and evolutionary selection growth. We discuss the general understanding of the related fundamental mechanism and specific parameter optimization from precursors and substrate design to the adjusting of growth parameters (temperature and pressure). Meanwhile, we present other strategies to produce various kinds of wafer‐scale 2D materials. Finally, we conclude the current challenges and future directions in this developing field. This work may inspire researchers to better design routes in the synthesis of wafer‐scale 2D materials with high quality.