bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional Healthcare Access Barriers to Prostate‐Specific Antigen Testing: A Nation‐Wide Panel Study in the United States From 2006 to 2020
Authors: Iyer Hari S. , Kensler Kevin H. , Roscoe Charlotte , Opara Chidinma , He Mingchao , Kovac Evan , Garraway Isla P. , Dien‐Trinh Quoc , Rebbeck Timothy R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRising metastatic prostate cancer incidence has renewed debate regarding benefits of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening. Identifying barriers to accessing screening for individuals at high risk of lethal prostate cancer may slow this rise. We examined associations of access barriers with receipt of PSA testing, stratified by sociodemographic factors.MethodsWe pooled data from male respondents to Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance Systems (BRFSS) surveys from 2006 to 2020. Questions related to affordability (insurance, cost of visits) and accommodation (regular primary care provider (PCP), physician recommending a PSA test) were considered as individual‐level barriers. For availability, we linked provider density from the 2012 Area Health Resource File and estimated driving times to closest health facility within Micropolitan and Metropolitan Statistical Area (MMSA) using Google Earth Engine. These measures were used to compute a spatial accessibility index. We fit survey‐weighted, covariate‐adjusted logistic regression models to estimate associations of barriers with receipt of PSA within the past 2 years and examined effect modification by sociodemographic factors.ResultsThere were 185,643 participants, of whom 73% were White, 11% were Black, 4% were Asian, and 11% were Hispanic. Physician recommendation was the strongest predictor of having a PSA test (aOR: 14.5, 95% CI: 13.6, 15.6). Not having a regular PCP (aOR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.31), insurance (aOR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.71), and prohibitive cost of care (aOR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.90) were associated with lower PSA testing. Access barriers were stronger predictors of PSA testing for Asian and White participants compared to other groups (Phet < 0.004 for insurance and regular PCP) and for those with college education compared to those without (Phet < 0.05 for insurance, perceived unaffordability).DiscussionPhysician recommendation was the strongest predictor of receipt of PSA testing, regardless of sociodemographic grouping. Future studies should consider access barriers jointly and across sociodemographic strata.
Consequences of parental neglect of academic performance Brazilian child
Authors: Pasian Mara Silvia , Bazon Marina Rezende , Benitez Priscila , Lacharité Carl 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe negative effects of child neglect on the development of children are serious and have far‐reaching negative consequences for children, especially in Brazil, with great social inequality. The research investigated the consequences of neglect for children in their early years of schooling. The academic performance was evaluated in three groups: children with formal notification of neglect, children with suspected unreported neglect and children who did not suffer any form of abuse. Information was collected from different sources: parents/caregivers, teachers and the children themselves. The groups comprised children in their early school years, aged between six and eight. The results showed that neglected children had borderline or clinical levels of school skills and below‐average school performance. The reference group had, for the most part, normal scores and average or above‐average school performance. Considering that school is a protective factor, children with learning difficulties and neglected children need support that favours child development.
A short report of a Scottish audit of disability and child protection medical examinations
Authors: Govenden Stephanie , Taylor Julie , Devaney John , McTier Alex 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA Scottish national child protection audit has shown that practitioners can have differing understanding of the term ‘disability’ and are variable in their own recording of disabilities. It was apparent from the audit that disability was more likely to be recorded for older children than those under five. The audit found that an abuse allegation is less likely to be substantiated for disabled children by a Child Protection Medical Examination. For disabled children in our sample, there was a ‘substantiation of abuse rate’ of 33%, which was less than the 56% rate for non‐disabled children. The differences in rates encourage us to consider what is an appropriate response when disabled children may have experienced harm and abuse. The audit highlights the vulnerability of disabled children to abuse and indicates the need to equip practitioners with the skills, competencies and confidence to engage with and support this vulnerable group.
Love and Assault: Parents’ Views on Corporal Punishment in School
Authors: Bhana Deevia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCorporal punishment remains prevalent in schools globally, and even after its prohibition in South Africa, the focus of this study, it continues. In some historically disadvantaged school environments, it persists with the approval of parents. Mothers and grandmothers, who are pivotal in supporting children's education and well‐being, are central to this dynamic as parents. However, in impoverished rural settings, parents are often unfairly blamed for endorsing corporal punishment without considering the sociocultural context they inhabit. Drawing from a qualitative study conducted in an impoverished rural community where women bear the burden of caring for children, this paper challenges the prevailing one‐sided narrative of parental support for corporal punishment. Instead, it argues for a nuanced understanding of corporal punishment that is contextual. Parents' endorsement of corporal punishment is contingent; it is accepted when framed as ‘disciplinary action infused with love’ but rejected when labelled as ‘assault’. An understanding of corporal punishment as an assemblage is critical if accounts of disciplinary practices within local school settings are to move beyond simplified accounts of parents' universal support for corporal punishment.
Minor Lignans with Inhibitory Activity against LPS‐Induced NO Production from Schisandra Chinensis
Authors: Sun Ping , Zhuang Xin‐Cheng , Ao Rui , Zhang Hua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhytochemical investigation into the fruits of Schisandra chinensis led to the isolation of seven new minor lignans, schisanchignans A–G (1–7), including one benzofuran type (1), three aryltetralin type (2–4) and three tetrahydrofuran type (5–7). Their structures were established by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism technique including quantum chemical calculation method. Of note, this is the first report of nor‐benzofuran and aryltetralin types of lignans from S. chinensis. Compounds 1, 3 and 4 exhibited mild inhibitory activity against the lipopolysaccharide‐induced production of nitric oxide in murine RAW264.7 cells.
Microbial Dynamics and Quality Monitoring in Biopharmaceutical Production
Authors: Pashang Rosha , Gilbride Kimberley A. , Wenk Jannis 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProkaryotic cells are pivotal in meeting the global demand for biopharmaceuticals. However, challenges such as the absence of advanced technology for real‐time monitoring, standardized testing methodologies, and quality risk assessment of microbial activity have led to increased production costs, delays, and shortages of biopharmaceutical products. A thorough understanding of how biomolecule production interacts with microbial population structure and function is vital for improving continuous manufacturing and process automation. In this review, we discuss the current microbiological techniques that meet good manufacturing practice requirements in industrial settings, explore the advantages of monitoring and measuring biomass growth efficiency and turnover rates beyond regulatory criteria for product release, and provide a critical assessment of the current state of knowledge on bioassays and engineering tools for biomolecule yield measurement and monitoring. Furthermore, we identify areas for future development, potential applications, and the need for interdisciplinary innovation to drive future research, including advancing bioassays for biopharmaceutical wastewater risk.
Cross‐Coupling of Mo‐ and V‐Nitrogenases Permits Protein‐Mediated Protection from Oxygen Deactivation
Authors: Ratcliff Daniel , Danielle Sedoh G. C. , Milton Ross D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNitrogenases catalyze dinitrogen (N2) fixation to ammonia (NH3). While these enzymes are highly sensitive to deactivation by molecular oxygen (O2) they can be produced by obligate aerobes for diazotrophy, necessitating a mechanism by which nitrogenase can be protected from deactivation. In the bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii, one mode of such protection involves an O2‐responsive ferredoxin‐type protein (“Shethna protein II”, or “FeSII”) which is thought to bind with Mo‐dependent nitrogenase's two component proteins (NifH and NifDK) to form a catalytically stalled yet O2‐tolerant tripartite protein complex. This protection mechanism has been reported for Mo‐nitrogenase, however, in vitro assays with V‐nitrogenase suggest that this mechanism is not universal to the three known nitrogenase isoforms. Here we report that the reductase of the V‐nitrogenase (VnfH) can engage in this FeSII‐mediated protection mechanism when cross‐coupled with Mo‐nitrogenase NifDK. Interestingly, the cross‐coupling of the Mo‐nitrogenase reductase NifH with the V‐nitrogenase VnfDGK protein does not yield such protection.
Insulinoma with suspected mutant somatostatin receptor expression according to histological examination
Authors: Onish Shunichiro , Takada‐Watanabe Aki , Osamura Robert Y. , Shiomi Takayuki , Kusano Hiroyuki , Maezawa Yoshiro , Murai Hiroyuki , Miyabayashi Makoto , Koike Sakutaro , Yoshida Tomohiko , Takemoto Minoru 
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical MessageThis case highlights the possibility of an insulinoma expressing an aberrant form of SSTRs resulting in a discrepancy between the preoperative octreotide assessment and postoperative SSTR expression.AbstractInsulinoma is a pancreatic disease that causes hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. The first‐line treatment is surgery; however, somatostatin derivatives are administered in cases where surgery is not a viable option and to prevent preoperative hypoglycemia. Here, we report a case in which preoperative examination indicated a potential tumor with low somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) and SSTR5 expression, whereas postoperative pathological examination indicated strong SSTR expression. We report the case of a 69‐year‐old Japanese female who experienced hypoglycemia‐like symptoms for a decade such as sweating, fatigue, hunger, and confusion with an increase in episode frequency per year. Dynamic computed tomography revealed a 13‐mm diameter nodule and aberrant blood flow in the pancreatic tail. Subsequently, the patient was diagnosed with pancreatic insulinoma. A preoperative octreotide test did not relieve hypoglycemia, and no uptake of 111indium‐pentetreotide was observed, suggesting an insulinoma with low SSTR expression. However, postoperative histological studies suggested that the intracellular domain of SSTRs were highly expressed, while the extracellular domain may be mutated. We present a rare case of insulinoma expressing an aberrant form of SSTRs resulting in a discrepancy between the preoperative octreotide assessment and postoperative SSTR expression.
In‐Silico Optimization of a Bi‐Enzymatic Reactor for Mannitol Production Using Pareto‐Optimal Fronts
Authors: Gijiu Cristiana Luminita , Maria Gheorghe , Renea Laura 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFor multi‐enzymatic cases, the determination of the batch reactor (BR) optimal operating policy often translates into a difficult multi‐objective problem. Exemplification is made here for the enzymatic reduction of D‐fructose to mannitol by using the mannitol dehydrogenase (MDH) enzyme and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) cofactor, with in situ regeneration of NADH at the expense of formate degradation by using the FDH enzyme. This paper presents an original rule to in silico generate the problem solution, by using the Pareto optimal‐front approach with accounting for pairs of competing economic goals and constraints. The optimal BR is then compared to an optimal fed‐BR (FBR), or a series of equal BRs (SeqBR). As proved, the Pareto‐optimal front alternative is an advantageous option, compared to the classical nonlinear programming technique, being simple to apply, by considering pairs of opposite objective functions. In the present case study, the Pareto‐optimal BR operating mode predicts an M‐productivity 1.5x better than those of an optimized FBR, with comparable enzymes consumption. The MDH consumption of this Pareto‐optimal BR is 10x smaller than an optimal SeqBR, and 130x smaller vs. heuristic (sub)optimal BR.
Three‐Way Data Reduction Based on Essential Information
Authors: Vitale Raffaele , Azizi Azar , Ghaffari Mahdiyeh , Omidikia Nematollah , Ruckebusch Cyril 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, the idea of essential information‐based compression is extended to trilinear datasets. This basically boils down to identifying and labelling the essential rows (ERs), columns (ECs) and tubes (ETs) of such three‐dimensional datasets that allow by themselves to reconstruct in a linear way the entire space of the original measurements. ERs, ECs and ETs can be determined by exploiting convex geometry computational approaches such as convex hull or convex polytope estimations and can be used to generate a reduced version of the data at hand. These compressed data and their uncompressed counterpart share the same multilinear properties and their factorisation (carried out by means of, for example, parallel factor analysis–alternating least squares [PARAFAC‐ALS]) yield, in principle, indistinguishable results. More in detail, an algorithm for the assessment and extraction of the essential information encoded in trilinear data structures is here proposed. Its performance was evaluated in both real‐world and simulated scenarios which permitted to highlight the benefits that this novel data reduction strategy can bring in domains like multiway fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging.
Fault Detection Strategy of Partial Least Squares Based on Temporal Neighborhood Difference
Authors: Feng Liwei , Guo Shaofeng , Wu Yifei , Xing Yu , Li Yuan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAiming at the difficulty of detecting time‐lag faults in dynamic processes, a fault detection strategy based on time neighborhood difference (TND) is proposed, and it is introduced into the partial least squares (PLS) method to suggest the PLS‐TND fault detection method. The TND method takes the mean to the multibatch training set to obtain a baseline training set, and it constructs the mean squared Euclidean distance (MSED) statistic by calculating the average distance between the sample's first k‐moments neighborhood samples and samples at the same moment in the baseline training set. The TND method can help the PLS method to effectively detect time‐lag faults and significantly improve the fault detection capability of PLS by measuring the overall positional difference between the temporal neighborhood sample set of the sample and its temporal neighborhood sample set in the baseline training set. The PLS‐TND method is compared with some classical fault detection methods through a numerical simulation process and a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) system design fault detection experiment. The PLS‐TND method gives the best performance of fault detection.
Neo‐Glycolipid Oximes as Intestinal Permeation Enhancers for Peptide Hormone PYY3‐36
Authors: Kalomoiri Panagiota , Mortensen Janni S. , Christensen Niels Johan , Sørensen Kasper K. , Nielsen Hanne Mørck , Jensen Knud J. , Thygesen Mikkel B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHerein, we describe the design and synthesis of 16 neo‐glycolipids that are potential permeation enhancers for oral drug delivery of peptide therapeutics. These amphiphilic neo‐glycolipids are composed of fatty acids and various carbohydrates (d‐glucose, lactose, cellobiose, maltose) via an oxime linker. The ability of the synthesized neo‐glycolipids to enhance permeation of fluorescein‐labelled dextran (4 kDa) or 3H‐mannitol across intestinal epithelium was investigated in vitro using monolayers of human epithelial Caco‐2 cells. Their effects were compared with (pre‐)clinically known enhancers as reference compounds; sodium salts of octanoic, decanoic, and dodecanoic acid, and sodium salcaprozate (SNAC). Most neo‐glycolipids increased the permeation of the model compounds, proving that neo‐glycolipids, which possess vastly different properties from the reference compounds, e. g., in terms of clogD and polar surface area, are effective permeation enhancers. The neo‐glycolipid based on decanoic acid and glucose was more potent than related compounds based on disaccharides. Significant differences in solubility and cellular compatibility were found for neo‐glyolipids based on different carbohydrates. Finally, neo‐glycolipids were evaluated as permeation enhancers for the peptide hormone PYY3‐36. Glucose‐ and maltose‐derived neo‐glycolipids based on decanoic and dodecanoic acid showed promising enhancements in PYY3‐36 permeation in vitro while maintaining good cellular compatibility, relevant for oral delivery of obesity treatments.
Recent Advances in NIR‐Switchable Multi‐Redox Systems Based on Organic Molecules
Authors: Harimoto Takashi , Ishigaki Yusuke 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectrochromic systems capable of switching absorption in the near‐infrared (NIR) region (750–2500 nm) are attractive from the viewpoint of applications for material and life science, and thus several examples have been reported to date. In general, the development of organic‐based systems is needed to reduce the environmental impact and improve biocompatibility. Although extending the switchable spectral range is crucial for the application of organic electrochromic molecules, the switching of NIR absorption based on redox interconversion is still a challenging issue regarding reversibility and durability during interconversion. To overcome this potential instability, the introduction of heteroatoms into the molecular backbone and/or π‐extension could be useful strategies in terms of effective delocalization of charge and spin in the corresponding redox states. In this review, we focus on redox‐active well‐defined small molecules that enable ON/OFF switching of NIR absorption based on precise control of the redox states, and present recent studies on their intrinsic electrochemical and spectroscopic properties and/or structural characterization of their charged states.
Membrane‐free Electrolysis Production of Hydrogen Peroxide on Low‐cost Metal‐free Electrocatalysts for Dye Degradation
Authors: Ni Hao , Yang Tao , Peng Xueqing , Zhang Hengqiang , Kong Aiguo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe efficient production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution was achieved by combining cathodic two‐electron oxygen reduction (2e− ORR) and anodic two‐electron water oxidation (2e− WOR) in two half‐reaction cells. h‐BN loaded on carbon fibers (h‐BN@C) is prepared and employed as an anode material to catalyze 2e− WOR, while sulfonated commercial BP‐2000 carbons (BP‐2000‐SO3H) were prepared as the cathode materials for 2e− ORR. In a 2 M KHCO3 solution, an overall Faradaic efficiency of 97 % and a total H2O2 production rate of 1872 mmol g−1 h−1 over metal‐free electrodes were accomplished in a membrane‐free flow cell. The dilute H2O2 solution could be directly used to degrade Rhodamine B, methyl blue and methylene orange dyes in water. This work proved low‐cost production of dilute H2O2 solution in simple membrane‐free flow cells with single electrolyte and on‐site utilization for efficient dye degradation.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning at various stages and scales of process systems engineering
Authors: Srinivasan Karthik , Puliyanda Anjana , Thosar Devavrat , Bhakte Abhijit , Singh Kuldeep , Addo Prince , Srinivasan Rajagopalan , Prasad Vinay 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe review the utility and application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) at various process scales in this work, from molecules and reactions to materials to processes, plants, and supply chains; furthermore, we highlight whether the application is at the design or operational stage of the process. In particular, we focus on the distinct representational frameworks employed at the various scales and the physics (equivariance, additivity, injectivity, connectivity, hierarchy, and heterogeneity) they capture. We also review AI techniques and frameworks important in process systems, including hybrid AI modelling, human‐AI collaborations, and generative AI techniques. In hybrid AI models, we emphasize the importance of hyperparameter tuning, especially in the case of physics‐informed regularization. We highlight the importance of studying human‐AI interactions, especially in the context of automation, and distinguish the features of human‐complements‐AI systems from those of AI‐complements‐human systems. Of particular importance in the AI‐complements‐human framework are model explanations, including rule‐based explanation, explanation‐by‐example, explanation‐by‐simplification, visualization, and feature relevance. Generative AI methods are becoming increasingly relevant in process systems engineering, especially in contexts that do not belong to ‘big data’, primarily due to the lack of high quality labelled data. We highlight the use of generative AI methods including generative adversarial networks, graph neural networks, and large language models/transformers along with non‐traditional process data (images, audio, and text).