bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Time-Varying Rest-Activity Rhythm With Survival in Older Adults With Lung Cancer
Authors: Kuo Lou-Ching , Chang Wen-Pei , Huang Hui-Chuan , Lin Chia-Chin 
Published: October 2018

Background
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship of rest-activity rhythm with survival in older adults with lung cancer and to consider variations in rest-activity rhythm over time.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between rest-activity rhythm variations and survival in 33 older adults with lung cancer by considering rest-activity rhythm as a time-dependent covariate over time.

Methods
In this prospective study with 5 repeated measurements, patients' rest-activity rhythm over 3 days was measured using actigraphy. The rest-activity rhythm was represented using the dichotomy index I (in-bed activity) < O (out-of-bed activity). The median I < O was used as the cutoff point, with an I < O of greater than or equal to 85.59% and less than 85.59% indicating robust and disrupted rest-activity rhythms, respectively. Data were analyzed using the Cox regression model with time-dependent repeated measurements of a covariate.

Results
In the time-dependent multivariate Cox model, a disrupted rest-activity rhythm was independently associated with a higher risk of death than was a robust rest-activity rhythm (hazard ratio, 16.05; P = .009).

Conclusion
A time-varying rest-activity rhythm is incrementally associated with mortality in older adults with lung cancer and represents a rigorous and independent prognostic factor for their survival.

Implications for Practice
Clinicians may need to pay more attention to the rest-activity rhythms of older adults with lung cancer during disease progression. Future studies should account for the variation in rest-activity rhythm over time.
Evaluation of a Hospital
Authors: Wilcox Diahann , McCauley Paula S. , Delaney Colleen , Molony Sheila L. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate the ComPass2c program by (1) effectiveness in reducing 30-day hospital readmissions, (2) reach of program into target population, and (3) implementation of key program elements.

Primary Practice Setting:
An academic hospital in New England (John Dempsey Hospital).

Methodology and Sample:
Retrospective analysis of Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) beneficiaries hospitalized at John Dempsey Hospital between May 1, 2012, and November 30, 2014.

Results:
The program reached 34% of eligible Medicare FFS beneficiaries (n = 832; 61% female, mean age = 79 years). The unadjusted 30-day all-cause readmission rate decreased from 21% to 16.2% (p = .03). Implementation was high for postdischarge phone calls (89%) but low for home visits (34%). The mean change in patient activation scores following completion of the program was 0.15 (SD = 4.79), with no change in patient activation level, χ2 (6) = 3.82, p = .70.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
The ComPass2c program was consistent with the philosophy and standards of case management practice. Case managers will want to utilize an evidence-based instrument with real-time information to identify patients at risk for 30-day readmission. A physical presence of ComPass2c coaches within the hospital enabled a strong hospital–community-based organization (CBO) partnership, facilitating the coordination, communication, and collaboration. Case managers will want to advocate for policy incentivizing hospital–CBO partnerships. Patient activation is essential; case managers may benefit from training in motivational interviewing to improve patient activation and outcomes. Additional research is needed to further elucidate and mitigate barriers to posttransition home visits and patient activation.
A Clinical Nurse Specialist–Led Initiative to Reduce Deficits in Tube Feeding Administration for the Surgical and Trauma Populations
Authors: Bielewicz Brady John , George Elisabeth , Gunn Scott , Oroukin Meredith , Ren Dianxu , Beach Michael , Tuite Patricia 
Published: October 2018

Purpose/Objectives:
The purpose of this clinical nurse specialist–led initiative was to redefine the standard of care to reduce the deficit that exists between the daily amount of tube feedings prescribed versus received by patients in a surgical-trauma intensive care unit.

Description of the Project:
Nutrition plays a vital role in health and wellness. Although nutritional recommendations are not always met by individuals on a daily basis—the presence of in-hospital malnutrition presents greater risks and complications after a surgery or traumatic event. An evidence-based algorithm for initiating and maintaining tube feedings was developed and incorporated into morning bedside report. A preintervention and postintervention chart analysis was done to calculate the amount of tube feedings received by patients during their first 5 days of admission.

Outcomes:
Preintervention data revealed that 29 patients received a mean 49.8% (SD, 21.6%) of tube feedings prescribed, and postintervention data showed 31 patients received 60.4% (SD, 18.5%) of tube feedings prescribed (P = .04).

Conclusion:
Through the implementation of a tube feeding algorithm, there was a reduction of tube feed interruptions and volume deficits during the first 5 days of admission.
Alcohol Withdrawal Assessment Tool
Authors: Davis Carmen R. , Keen Alyson , Holly Vince , Balaguras Jean , Miller Wendy R. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose/Aims:
The purpose of this study was to validate a tool to assess alcohol withdrawal in acute care patients. Study aims included (1) establish content validity, (2) examine criterion-related validity, (3) test interrater reliability, and (4) assess nurse usability.

Design:
A psychometric research study was designed to evaluate the Alcohol Withdrawal Assessment Tool.

Methods:
Validation was conducted using an expert panel to determine content validity. The Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol–Revised was used as comparison for the criterion related validity. Interrater reliability was determined by having 2 investigators simultaneously complete the assessment on the same patients. Usability was determined using a Likert scale survey.

Results:
The average age of participants was 53 years, with a range of 27 to 81 years. Interrater reliability was supported by a κ statistic range of 0.61 to 0.6957, and content validity was supported by a content validity index of 1.0. Criterion-related validity was supported with a Pearson r correlation of 0.665 (P < .000). Of nurses surveyed, all answered agree or strongly agree to the usability survey.

Conclusions:
The assessment tool may be an effective alternative to utilize in the acute care setting. It is easy to use and drives frequency of assessment and appropriate pharmacologic treatment.
Dynamic alterations of retinal EphA5 expression in retinocollicular map plasticity
Authors: Cheng Qi , Graves Mark D. , Pallas Sarah L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe topographically ordered retinocollicular projection is an excellent system for studying the mechanism of axon guidance. Gradients of EphA receptors in the retina and ephrin-As in the superior colliculus (SC) pattern the anteroposterior axis of the retinocollicular map, but whether they are involved in map plasticity after injury is unknown. Partial damage to the caudal SC at birth creates a compressed, complete retinotopic map in the remaining SC without affecting visual response properties. Previously, we found that the gradient of ephrinA expression in compressed maps is steeper than normal, suggesting an instructive role in compression (Tadesse et al., 2013). Here we measured EphA5 mRNA and protein levels after caudal SC damage in order to test the hypothesis that changes in retinal EphA5 expression occur that are complementary to the changes in collicular ephrin-A expression. We find that the nasotemporal gradient of EphA5 receptor expression steepens in the retina and overall expression levels change dynamically, especially in temporal retina, supporting the hypothesis. This change in receptor expression occurs after the change in ephrin-A ligand expression. We propose that changes in the retinal EphA5 gradient guide recovery of the retinocollicular projection from early injury. This could occur directly through the change in EphA5 expression instructing retino-SC map compression, or through ephrinA ligand signaling instructing a change in EphA5 receptor expression that in turn signals the retinocollicular map to compress. Understanding what molecular signals direct compensation for injury is essential to developing rehabilitative strategies and maximizing the potential for recovery.
A Neural Model of Schemas and Memory Consolidation
Authors: Hwu Tiffany , Krichmar Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe ability to behave differently according to the situation is essential for survival in a dynamic environment. This requires past experiences to be encoded and retrieved alongside the contextual schemas in which they occurred. The complementary learning systems theory suggests that these schemas are acquired through gradual learning via the neocortex and rapid learning via the hippocampus. However, it has also been shown that new information matching a preexisting schema can bypass the gradual learning process and be acquired rapidly, suggesting that the separation of memories into schemas is useful for flexible learning. While there are theories of the role of schemas in memory consolidation, we lack a full understanding of the mechanisms underlying this function. For this reason, we created a biologically plausible neural network model of schema consolidation that studies several brain areas and their interactions. The model uses a rate-coded multilayer neural network with contrastive Hebbian learning to learn context-specific tasks. Our model suggests that the medial prefrontal cortex supports context-dependent behaviors by learning representations of schemas. Additionally, sparse random connections in the model from the ventral hippocampus to the hidden layers of the network gate neuronal activity depending on their involvement within the current schema, thus separating the representations of new and prior schemas. Contrastive Hebbian learning may function similarly to oscillations in the hippocampus, alternating between clamping and unclamping the output layer of the network to drive learning. Lastly, the model shows the vital role of neuromodulation, as a neuromodulatory area detects the certainty of whether new information is consistent with prior schemas and modulates the speed of memory encoding accordingly. Along with the insights that this model brings to the neurobiology of memory, it further provides a basis for creating context-dependent memories while preventing catastrophic forgetting in artificial neural networks.
Root endophytes improve physiological performance and yield in crops under salt stress by up-regulating the foliar sodium concentration
Authors: Molina-Montenegro Marco A. , Acuña-Rodríguez Ian S. , Torres-Díaz Cristian , Gundel Pedro E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIncrease in the soil salinity will be a conspicuous constraint for both native plant communities as well as several crops worldwide. In this context plant root-associated fungi appear as a new strategy to improve ecophysiological performance and yield of crops under abiotic stress. Here, we evaluated how the inoculation of fungal endophytes isolated from Antarctic plants can improve the ecophysiological performance in cultivars of tomato and lettuce, grown under different salt conditions. In addition, we assessed if the expression of theNHX1gene that is related with salt tolerance is enhanced in presence of fungal endophytes. Finally, we evaluated the regulation the nutritional status and specifically the Na+content in leaves. Overall, those individuals with presence of endophytes showed higher ecophysiological performance. In addition, the presence of fungal endophytes was correlated with a higher regulation of ion homeostasis by enhanced expression ofNHX1gene. Our results suggest that presence of fungal endophytes could minimize the negative effect of salt by improving osmotic tolerance through ecophysiological and molecular mechanisms. Thus, root-endophytes might be a successful biotechnological tool to maintain high levels of ecophysiological performance and productivity in zones under osmotic stress, acting as potential solution to maintain the global food security.HighlightWe showed that functional symbiosis improve the physiological performance and yield in crops subjected to salinity, by biochemical and molecular mechanisms. Thus, here we pointed a successful strategy to meet the future challenges for help to maintain the food security.
Prevalence of TMD and level of chronic pain in a group of Brazilian adolescents
Authors: Melo Paulo Correia , Aroucha João Marcílio Coelho Netto Lins , Arnaud Manuela , Lima Maria Goretti Souza , Ximenes Rosana , Gomes Simone Guimarães Farias , Rosenblatt Aronita , de França Caldas Arnaldo ,   Paulo Correia de Melo Júnior, João Marcílio Coelho Netto Lins Aroucha, Manuela
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorder and associated factors in an adolescent sample from Recife, Brazil.Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 1342 adolescents aged 10-17 years. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorder (RDC/TMD) was used by calibrated examiners to evaluate the presence and levels of chronic pain. To evaluate the socioeconomic conditions, the Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria (CCEB) questionnaire was answered by the subjects. Data were analyzed by means of binary logistic regression in SPSS.ResultsThe results showed that 33.2% of the subjects had TMD irrespective of age (p= 0.137) or economic class (p=0.507). Statistically significant associations were found between TMD and gender (p= 0.020), headache/migraine in the past six months (p=0,000) and the presence of chronic pain (p=0,000). In final model, logistic regression showed that chronic pain contributes to the presence of TMD.ConclusionsThe prevalence of TMD was considered high (33.2%) and adolescents with chronic pain were more likely to have TMD.Clinical RelevanceThe data contribute to the understanding of TMD among adolescents and to the development of preventive measures and polices to identify the dysfunction promptly.
Dynamics and Selective Remodeling of the DNA Binding Domains of RPA
Authors: Pokhrel Nilisha , Caldwell Colleen C. , Corless Elliot I. , Tillison Emma A. , Tibbs Joseph , Jocic Nina , Ali Tabei S. M. , Wold Marc S. , Spies Maria , Antony Edwin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractReplication protein A (RPA) coordinates important DNA metabolic events by stabilizing single-strand DNA (ssDNA) intermediates, activating the DNA damage response, and handing off ssDNA to appropriate downstream players. Six DNA binding domains (DBDs) in RPA promote high affinity binding to ssDNA, but also allow RPA displacement by lower affinity proteins. We have made fluorescent versions of RPA and visualized the conformational dynamics of individual DBDs in the context of the full-length protein. We show that both DBD-A and DBD-D rapidly bind to and dissociate from ssDNA, while RPA as a whole remains bound to ssDNA. The recombination mediator protein Rad52 selectively modulates the dynamics of DBD-D. This demonstrates how RPA interacting proteins, with lower ssDNA binding affinity, can access the occluded ssDNA and remodel individual DBDs to replace RPA.One Sentence SummaryThe choreography of binding and rearrangement of the individual domains of RPA during homologous recombination is revealed.
TrkB Activation During a Critical Period Mimics the Protective Effects of Early Visual Experience on Perception and the Stability of Receptive Fields in Adult Superior Colliculus
Authors: Mudd David B. , Balmer Timothy S. , Kim So Yeon , Machhour Noura , Pallas Sarah L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDuring a critical period in development, spontaneous and evoked retinal activity shape visual pathways in an adaptive fashion. Interestingly, spontaneous activity is sufficient for spatial refinement of visual receptive fields in superior colliculus (SC) and visual cortex (V1), but early visual experience is necessary to maintain inhibitory synapses and stabilize RFs in adulthood (Carrasco et al. 2005, 2011; Carrasco & Pallas 2006; Balmer & Pallas 2015a). In visual cortex (V1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high affinity receptor TrkB are important for development of visual acuity, inhibition, and regulation of the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity (Hanover et al., 1999; Huang et al., 1999; Gianfranceschi et al., 2003). To examine the generality of this signaling pathway for visual system plasticity, the present study examined the role of TrkB signaling during the critical period for RF refinement in SC. Activating TrkB receptors during the critical period (P33-40) in DR subjects produced normally refined RFs, and blocking TrkB receptors in light-exposed animals resulted in enlarged adult RFs like those in DR animals. We also report here that deprivation- or TrkB blockade-induced RF enlargement in adulthood impaired fear responses to looming overhead stimuli, and negatively impacted visual acuity. Thus, early TrkB activation is both necessary and sufficient to maintain visual RF refinement, robust looming responses, and visual acuity in adulthood. These findings suggest a common signaling pathway exists for the maturation of inhibition between V1 and SC.Significance StatementReceptive field refinement in superior colliculus (SC) differs from more commonly studied examples of critical period plasticity in visual pathways in that it does not require visual experience to occur; rather spontaneous activity is sufficient. Maintenance of refinement beyond puberty requires a brief, early exposure to light in order to stabilize the lateral inhibition that shapes receptive fields. We find that TrkB activation during a critical period can substitute for visual experience in maintaining receptive field refinement into adulthood, and that this maintenance is beneficial to visual survival behaviors. Thus, as in some other types of plasticity, TrkB signaling plays a crucial role in RF refinement.
Methylglyoxal modification of TrkB promotes synaptic plasticity and enhances resilience to chronic stress
Authors: Wu Ziyin , Fu Yingxue , Yang Yinfeng , Huang Chao , Zheng Chunli , Guo Zihu , Yang Zihao , Chen Xuetong , Zhu Jinglin , Wang Jinghui , Li Xiaogang , Chen Liyang , Zhou Weiwei , Chen Yangyang , Wang Jiangmei , Yang Yang , Jiang Meng , Chen Sushing , Lu Aiping , Liu Jianlin , Li Yan , Sun Shiguo , Wang Zhenzhong , Xiao Wei , Wang Yonghua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe endogenous metabolite methylglyoxal (MGO) has recently emerged as a potential mediator of psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression, but its precise mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Here, we find that MGO concentrations are decreased in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in rats subjected to chronic stress, and low-dose MGO treatment remarkedly enhances resilience to stress and alleviates depression-like symptoms. This effect is achieved by MGO’s promotion on the synaptic plasticity in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Bothin vitroandin vivoexperiments show that MGO provokes the dimerization and autophosphorylation of TrkB and the subsequent activation of downstream Akt/CREB signaling, which leads to a rapid and sustained expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We further demonstrate that MGO directly binds to the extracellular domain of TrkB, but not its intracellular domain. In addition, we also identify a natural product luteolin and its derivative lutD as potent inhibitors of Glyoxalase 1 and validate their antidepressant effects in chronic stress rat models. The antidepressant role of endogenous MGO provides a new basis for the understanding and therapeutic intervention design for stress-associated mental disorders.
Understanding the Ca2+-dependent Fluorescence Change in Red Genetically Encoded Ca2+ Indicators
Authors: Molina R.S. , Qian Y. , Wu J. , Shen Y. , Campbell R.E. , Hughes T.E. , Drobizhev M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGenetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs) are widely used to illuminate dynamic Ca2+ signaling activity in living cells and tissues. Various fluorescence colors of GECIs are available, including red. Red GECIs are promising because longer wavelengths of light scatter less in tissue, making it possible to image deeper. They are engineered from a circularly permuted red fluorescent protein fused to a Ca2+ sensing domain, calmodulin and a calmodulin-binding peptide. A conformational change in the sensing domain upon binding Ca2+ causes a change in the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent protein. Three factors could contribute to this change in fluorescence: 1) a shift in the protonation state of the chromophore, 2) a change in fluorescence quantum yield, and 3) a change in the extinction coefficient for one-photon excitation or the two-photon cross section for two-photon excitation. We conducted a systematic study of the photophysical properties of a select cohort of red GECIs in their Ca2+-free and Ca2+-saturated states to determine which factors are most important for the Ca2+-dependent change in fluorescence. In total, we analyzed nine red GECIs, including jRGECO1a, K-GECO1, jRCaMP1a, R-GECO1, R-GECO1.2, CAR-GECO1, O-GECO1, REX-GECO1, and a new variant termed jREX-GECO1. We found that these red GECIs could be separated into three classes that each rely on a particular set of factors. Furthermore, in some cases the magnitude of the change in fluorescence was different depending on one-photon excitation or two-photon excitation by up to a factor of two.
Adaptive control of redundant robot manipulators with null-space compliance
Authors: Xu Qing , Ge Shuzhi Sam 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose an adaptive control for a redundant robot manipulator interacting physically with the environment, especially with the existence of humans, on its body.

Design/methodology/approach
The redundant properties of the robot manipulator are used and a reference velocity variable is introduced to unify the operation-space tracking control and the null-space impedance control under one common framework. Neural networks are constructed to deal with unstructured and unmodeled dynamic nonlinearities. Lyapunov function is used during the course of control design and simulation studies are carried out to further illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.

Findings
Satisfying tracking performance in the operation-space and compliance behavior in the null-space of the redundant robot manipulator are ensured simultaneously.

Originality/value
The design procedure of redundant robot manipulators control can be greatly simplified, and the framework of multi-priority control can be transformed into a joint-space velocity tracking problem via the introducing of a reference velocity variable.