bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habit-based workplace physical activity intervention: a pilot study
Authors: Hamilton K , Fraser E , Hannan T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Increasing workplace physical activity has important implications for workers’ health and well-being. However, few interventions targeting physical activity in the workplace are grounded in behavioural theory.

Aims
The aim of this study was to develop and pilot a 6-week habit-based intervention designed to promote the development of workplace physical activity habits and increase average weekly step counts. Changes in the strength of workplace physical activity habit and weekly step counts were assessed at 1 and 6 weeks following the intervention.

Methods
The study was a prospective three-wave within-subjects single-arm intervention study that ran for 12 weeks (baseline, 7 weeks, 12 weeks). During the 6-week intervention, participants received information regarding 10 top tips (10TT) to increase and promote habit formation and wore a pedometer during work hours. Differences in workplace physical activity habit and weekly step counts were compared across baseline (T1), 1 (T2) and 6 weeks (T3) post-intervention using repeated measures analyses of variance.

Results
Data from 20 sedentary office workers at a large Australian University were included. The average strength of workplace physical activity habits significantly increased from baseline (M = 3.90) to 1 week post-intervention (M = 4.45), and these effects were maintained 6 weeks later (M = 4.72). No significant increase in step counts were observed across any of the time points (all P &gt; 0.05).

Conclusions
The results of this pilot study reveal that workplace physical activity habits can be strengthened via a habit-based intervention. Further research is needed to replicate these findings in larger cohorts of office workers.
The Geopolitics of Social Reproduction and Depletion: The Case of Iraq and Palestine
Authors: Chilmeran Yasmin , Pratt Nicola 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article explores the relationships between social reproduction, depletion, and geopolitical processes, drawing on two case studies: Iraq and Palestine. It underlines the importance of social reproduction to geopolitical processes and of particular geopolitical contexts to how states intervene in social reproduction, with differential implications for depletion. It argues that Iraqi state measures targeting social reproduction have sought to organize and instrumentalize the life of Iraqi citizens in the service of postcolonial state building and war-making, whilst, by contrast, Israeli state measures targeting Palestinian social reproduction have largely sought to erase Palestinian life in line with a settler colonial logic.
Short-term weight trajectories and long-term weight outcomes from a lifestyle intervention in real-world clinical practice
Authors: Romanelli Robert J , Sudat Sylvia , Huang Qiwen , Ma Jun , Venditti Elizabeth M , Greenwood Deborah A , Pressman Alice R , Azar Kristen M J 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCenters for Disease Control and Prevention aligned lifestyle change programs are effective in promoting weight loss among those with elevated cardiometabolic risk; yet, variability in weight outcomes among participants is high. Little is known about heterogeneity of short-term weight changes among participants in real-world clinical practice. We sought to identify short-term weight trajectory clusters among lifestyle change program participants in real-world clinical practice and to examine the relationship between cluster membership and long-term weight outcomes. We identified participants from the electronic health records (2010–2017) with weight measured ≤30 days prior to program initiation (baseline) and in four intervals (3-week segments) in the 12 weeks after baseline. Clustering analysis was performed to identify distinct trajectories in percent weight change over 12 weeks. Cluster-specific differences in weight change at 12 and 52 weeks were assessed. Among 1,148 participants, across 18 clinic sites, three clusters were identified: minimal-to-no weight loss (MWL), delayed-minimal weight loss (DWL), and steady-moderate weight loss (SWL), corresponding to mean weight changes of 0.4%, −2.3%, and −4.8% at 12 weeks follow-up, respectively. Mean weight changes were 0.4%, −1.8%, and −5.1% for MWL, DWL, and SWL clusters, respectively, at 52 weeks follow-up, which correlated in direction and magnitude with short-term weight changes. Clustering analysis reveals heterogeneous, short-term weight trajectories among lifestyle change program participants in real-world clinical practice. Given the relationship between the magnitudes of short- and long-term weight change, individual participant weight trajectories may be useful in identifying potential non-responders in need of adjunctive or alternative therapy.
‘Googling’ anaphylaxis
Authors: Kornafeld Anna , Gonzalez-Estrada Alexei , Dimov Ves 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
Anaphylaxis is a systemic allergic reaction and without the appropriate treatment can progress fast and may be fatal. Information about allergy and immunology topics including anaphylaxis can be easily found online and are widely searched by patients as well as medical personnel. Social media and search engines not only bring a number of benefits to users but also carry risks for breaches of confidentiality and privacy, unprofessional behaviour, malpractice and litigation. Social media use by medical healthcare workers has liability risks and can result in malpractice.

Recent findings
We used PubMed with the terms anaphylaxis; social network; mobile apps that revealed a very small number of publications addressing the use of these platforms and anaphylaxis. Google Trends and KWFinder were used to analyse the relative search interest and absolute search volumes on ‘anaphylaxis’.

Summary
Multiple sources exist on the Internet for health-related searches for both healthcare providers and patients. We analysed different websites, mobile apps, Facebook, YouTube and Twitter. To avoid any posting of patient identifiers, it is imperative to be aware of the 18 HIPAA identifiers. We list websites with accurate information about anaphylaxis for the use of both patients and healthcare professionals for purposes of patient education. Further research on health information-seeking behaviour is clearly needed.
The Role of Lexical Tone Information in the Recognition of Mandarin Sentences in Listeners With Hearing Aids
Authors: Chen Yuan , Wong Lena L. N. , Qian Jinyu , Kuehnel Volker , Christina Voss Solveig , Chen Fei 
Published: August 2019

Objectives:
Lexical tone information provides redundant cues for the recognition of Mandarin sentences in listeners with normal hearing in quiet conditions. The contribution of lexical tones to Mandarin sentence recognition in listeners with hearing aids (HAs) is unclear. This study aimed to remove lexical tone information and examine the effects on Mandarin sentence intelligibility in HA users. The second objective was to investigate the contribution of cognitive abilities (i.e., general cognitive ability, working memory, and attention) on Mandarin sentence perception when the presentation of lexical tone information was mismatched.

Design:
A text-to-speech synthesis engine was used to manipulate Mandarin sentences into three test conditions: (1) a Normal Tone test condition, where no alterations were made to lexical tones within sentences; (2) a Flat Tone test condition, where lexical tones were all changed into tone 1 (i.e., the flat tone); and (3) a Random Tone test condition, where each word in test sentences was randomly assigned one of four Mandarin lexical tones. The manipulated sentence signals were presented to 32 listeners with HAs in both quiet and noisy environments at an 8 dB signal to noise ratio.

Results:
Speech intelligibility was reduced significantly (by approximately 40 percentage points) in the presence of mismatched lexical tone information in both quiet and noise. The difficulty in correctly identifying sentences with mismatched lexical tones among adults with hearing loss was significantly greater than that of adults with normal hearing. Cognitive function was not significantly related to a decline in speech recognition scores.

Conclusions:
Contextual and other phonemic cues (i.e., consonants and vowels) are inadequate for HA users to perceive sentences with mismatched lexical tone contours in quiet or noise. Also, HA users with better cognitive function could not compensate for the loss of lexical tone information. These results highlight the importance of accurately representing lexical tone information for Mandarin speakers using HAs.
Mortality Risk Profiles for Sepsis: A Novel Longitudinal and Multivariable Approach
Authors: Liaw Patricia C. , Fox-Robichaud Alison E. , Liaw Kao-Lee , McDonald Ellen , Dwivedi Dhruva J. , Zamir Nasim M. , Pepler Laura , Gould Travis J. , Xu Michael , Zytaruk Nicole , Medeiros Sarah K. , McIntyre Lauralyn , Tsang Jennifer , Dodek Peter M. , Winston Brent W. , Martin Claudio , Fraser Douglas D. , Weitz Jeffrey I. , Lellouche Francois , Cook Deborah J. , Marshall John 
Published: August 2019

Objectives:
To determine if a set of time-varying biological indicators can be used to: 1) predict the sepsis mortality risk over time and 2) generate mortality risk profiles.

Design:
Prospective observational study.

Setting:
Nine Canadian ICUs.

Subjects:
Three-hundred fifty-six septic patients.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Clinical data and plasma levels of biomarkers were collected longitudinally. We used a complementary log-log model to account for the daily mortality risk of each patient until death in ICU/hospital, discharge, or 28 days after admission. The model, which is a versatile version of the Cox model for gaining longitudinal insights, created a composite indicator (the daily hazard of dying) from the “day 1” and “change” variables of six time-varying biological indicators (cell-free DNA, protein C, platelet count, creatinine, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and lactate) and a set of contextual variables (age, presence of chronic lung disease or previous brain injury, and duration of stay), achieving a high predictive power (conventional area under the curve, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.86–0.94). Including change variables avoided misleading inferences about the effects of day 1 variables, signifying the importance of the longitudinal approach. We then generated mortality risk profiles that highlight the relative contributions among the time-varying biological indicators to overall mortality risk. The tool was validated in 28 nonseptic patients from the same ICUs who became septic later and was subject to 10-fold cross-validation, achieving similarly high area under the curve.

Conclusions:
Using a novel version of the Cox model, we created a prognostic tool for septic patients that yields not only a predicted probability of dying but also a mortality risk profile that reveals how six time-varying biological indicators differentially and longitudinally account for the patient’s overall daily mortality risk.
Emerging technologies in pediatric gynecology: new paradigms in women's health care
Authors: Wancura Megan , McCracken Jennifer M. , Steen Emily , Cosgriff-Hernandez Elizabeth , Keswani Sundeep , Hakim Julie C.-E. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
The current review highlights the complexity of the pediatric and adolescent gynecology subspecialty as well as the recent and exciting opportunities for innovation within the field.

Recent findings
The opportunities for concept, treatment, instrument, and knowledge-transfer innovation to better serve the specific needs of pediatric gynecology patients include novel approaches to neovagina creation using magnets, improving postoperative vaginal wound healing through newly designed and degradable vaginal stents, and complex Mullerian reconstructive surgical planning using virtual reality immersive experiential training.

Summary
There is a significant window of opportunity to address the needs of pediatric, adolescent and adult gynecological patients with new innovative concepts and tools.
Are We Ready to Treat Diffuse Large B‐cell and High‐Grade Lymphoma According to Major Genetic Subtypes?
Authors: Chiappella Annalisa , Crombie Jennifer , Guidetti Anna , Vitolo Umberto , Armand Philippe , Corradini Paolo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDiffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous disease. The revised Classification of Lymphoproliferative diseases published in 2016 (WHO, 2016) refined the previous DLBLC subtypes and identified four categories: DLBCL not otherwise specified (NOS), other lymphomas of large B cells, high grade B‐cell lymphoma, and B‐cell lymphoma unclassifiable. High grade B‐cell lymphomas include the entities carrying MYC, BCL2 and/or BCL6 translocations or cases with blastoid morphology without DH translocations. This classification also acknowledges the cell of origin (COO) classification, that has only a limited impact on the choice of frontline treatment for DLBCL, as most patients still receive R‐CHOP chemoimmunotherapy. Attempts to improve the outcomes of specific subgroups, especially COO groups, have so far had limited success. Newer analyses have further subdivided DLBCL into genomically distinct subsets, not yet incorporated in the WHO classification, which may facilitate targeted approaches to therapy. In this review, we discuss the subgroups that are recognized by the WHO 2016 classification, review the newer genomic data, and speculate on how this could alter the treatment landscape of DLBCL in the future. We also discuss novel approaches to salvage therapy in the broad context of the heterogeneity of DLBCL.
Results and implications from a gender minority health education module for advance practice nursing students
Authors: Klotzbaugh Ralph J. , Ballout Suha , Spencer Gale 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Nursing literature has recognized deficits in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer-specific care. Of particular concern is lack of knowledge about gender minorities. Lack of knowledge remains despite this populations' increased health disparities. This pilot study investigates pre- and post-knowledge of medical guidelines, disparities, policies, and attitudes specific to gender minorities among advanced practice nursing students attending a gender minority health module. All participants in this pilot study completed a questionnaire on content and a transphobia scale to evaluate its effect on attitudes. Students were also surveyed on previous experience with gender minority patients. Students indicated sex and gender identity as female, with a mean age of 33.5 years. Twenty-seven percent of the students reported experience with gender minority patients. Wilcoxon signed rank test indicated statistically significant improvement in knowledge and improved scores on transphobia. This study demonstrated a module on the health of gender minorities is an effective method for increasing student knowledge of gender minority health care.
Surgical site infections: current management and role of new antibiotics
Authors: Mellinghoff Sibylle C. , Otto Christina , Cornely Oliver A. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
Management of SSI comprises prevention, extensive diagnosis, and appropriate treatment as well as follow-up. All these are interrelated matters. This review gives a brief update on the latest developments in the field, specifically on new antibiotics that may find a place in this complex field.

Recent findings
Avibactam and dalbavancin are novel antiinfectives. Although randomized controlled trials in SSI are lacking to date, preliminary data show that new drugs may be alternatives to existing treatment. Currently, they should be used only on the ground of susceptibility testing, and if standard drugs are inappropriate.

Summary
Correct diagnosis of SSI depends on the type of procedure performed. However, early detection is of great importance for proper management across all surgical interventions. The management of SSI includes consistent antibiotic therapy, wound drainage, and rigorous wound debridement as appropriate. Specific wound management thereafter depends on the location and nature of infection. If available, culture findings guide changes in antibiotic therapy. Avibactam and dalbavancin are novel antiinfectives that should be used on ground of susceptibility testing in the absence of appropriate alternatives. Follow-up is particularly important in patients with prosthesis in place. The most promising approach of postdischarge surveillance is a matter of ongoing debate.
Characterization of Age-Related Injury Patterns and Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Facial Fractures: Analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank
Authors: Gebran Selim G. , Wasicek Philip J. , Elegbede Adekunle , Ngaage Ledibabari M. , Liang Yuanyuan , Ottochian Marcus , Morrison Jonathan J. , Rasko Yvonne M. , Liang Fan , Grant Michael P. , Nam Arthur J. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Presentation of pediatric facial fractures varies widely and many injuries are encountered infrequently by most practitioners. This study summarizes injury patterns in a large cohort of facial fractures and their subsequent surgical management.

Methods:
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients 18 years of age or younger admitted between 2009 and 2015 to trauma centers participating in the National Trauma Data Bank were examined. Craniofacial fractures and reconstructive procedures performed at index admission were selected based on ICD-9 and AIS codes. A multivariable analysis was used to determine independent determinants of surgical repair.

Results:
Out of 60,094 pediatric patients evaluated in the US emergency departments, 48,821 patients were admitted and underwent open treatment (n = 8364; 17.1%) or closed treatment (n = 4244; 8.7%) of facial fractures. Falls were the most common mechanism of injury in infants and toddlers (<2-year-old, 44.4%, P <0.001), while motor vehicle collisions (32.9%, P <0.001) and assault (22.1%, P <0.001) were most commonly seen in adolescents (12–18-year-old). The frequency and odds of repair of facial fractures increased with advancing age, more so with open than closed treatment in adolescents (73.0%) as compared to infants and toddlers (50.3%). Children who sustained mandible fractures are the most likely to require surgical treatment at index-admission (odds ratio = 13.9, 95% confidence interval 13.1–14.8, P <0.001).

Conclusions:
Population-based data shows that pediatric fracture patterns and associated early repair vary significantly with age. Patient demographics and hospital characteristics are significant determinants of surgical treatment that should be related to clinical outcomes in future studies.
Failure in Revision Dacryocystorhinostomy: A Study of Surgical Technique and Etiology
Authors: Altin Ekin Meryem , Karadeniz Ugurlu Seyda , Aytogan Hasan , Sahin Atik Sevinc 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the etiologic factors of primary dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) failure according to DCR techniques and also to determine risk factors for the prediction of failure in revision external DCR. Retrospective review was performed in patients who underwent revision external DCR for previous DCR failure between 2008 and 2018. All patients underwent full ophthalmic and intranasal examination, lacrimal probing, and irrigation. Patients were classified into following groups according to previous DCR type: external, endoscopic endonasal, and transcanalicular laser DCR. Potential etiologic factors were compared between 3 groups. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors for failure in revision external DCR. About 115 eyes from 109 patients constituted the external (50.4%), endonasal (31.3%), and laser (18.3%) DCR groups. Among 27 (23.5%) patients with intranasal pathologies, septal deviation (33.3%) is the most common finding. The commonest cause of failure was inadequate ostium size in external (37.9%), endonasal (36.1%), and laser (66.7%) DCR groups. Inadequate ostium size and cicatricial lacrimal ostium scarring were observed significantly more common in the laser (P = 0.047) and external DCR group (P = 0.043), respectively. The success rate for revision external DCR was 85.2%. Canalicular or common canalicular obstruction (P = 0.032), intranasal pathology (P = 0.003), and bilateral obstruction (P = 0.025) demonstrated a significant independent association with failure in revision external DCR. Inadequate ostium size was the most common cause of failure in primary external, endonasal, and laser DCR. Canalicular or common canalicular obstruction, intranasal pathology, and bilateral lacrimal obstruction were significant predictors of failure in revision external DCR.
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine in Craniofacial Reconstruction and Facial Aesthetics
Authors: Borrelli Mimi R. , Hu Michael S. , Longaker Michael T. , Lorenz Hermann Peter 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe craniofacial region is anatomically complex and is of critical functional and cosmetic importance, making reconstruction challenging. The limitations of current surgical options highlight the importance of developing new strategies to restore the form, function, and esthetics of missing or damaged soft tissue and skeletal tissue in the face and cranium. Regenerative medicine (RM) is an expanding field which combines the principles of tissue engineering (TE) and self-healing in the regeneration of cells, tissues, and organs, to restore their impaired function. RM offers many advantages over current treatments as tissue can be engineered for specific defects, using an unlimited supply of bioengineered resources, and does not require immunosuppression. In the craniofacial region, TE and RM are being increasingly used in preclinical and clinical studies to reconstruct bone, cartilage, soft tissue, nerves, and blood vessels. This review outlines the current progress that has been made toward the engineering of these tissues for craniofacial reconstruction and facial esthetics.