bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Hypertension Predicts Adverse Outcomes in Renal Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Bolignano Davide , Pisano Anna , Coppolino Giuseppe , Tripepi Giovanni Luigi , D'Arrigo Graziella 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn the general population and in heart disease, pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a strong and independent risk factor for mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of longitudinal cohort studies of individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) of any‐stage (also including end‐stage kidney disease and kidney transplantation) stratified according to presence/absence of PH. Eighteen eligible studies (10 740 participants) were retrieved. PH had an overall pooled prevalence of 33% (95% CI 28–42) and portended a higher risk of all‐cause mortality (RR 2.08; 1.06–4.08), cardiovascular mortality (RR 3.77; 2.46–5.78) and non‐fatal cardiovascular events (RR 1.60; 1.28–1.99). PH is highly prevalent in CKD and end‐stage kidney disease and may represent a novel factor for mortality and cardiovascular risk stratification, particularly in selected sub‐categories. Future high‐quality research is required to confirm the need for clinical attention on PH in the CKD setting.
Isolated atrophy and fatty infiltration of supraspinatus: A rare finding
Authors: Hughes Peter , Miranda Rhian , Boyer Lucinda 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIsolated atrophy and fatty infiltration of supraspinatus is very rare. We report the case of a 53 year old male with isolated atrophy and complete fatty replacement of supraspinatus and discuss potential aetiologies.
Tree‐sequence recording in SLiM opens new horizons for forward‐time simulation of whole genomes
Authors: Haller Benjamin C. , Galloway Jared , Kelleher Jerome , Messer Philipp W. , Ralph Peter L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere is an increasing demand for evolutionary models to incorporate relatively realistic dynamics, ranging from selection at many genomic sites to complex demography, population structure, and ecological interactions. Such models can generally be implemented as individual‐based forward simulations, but the large computational overhead of these models often makes simulation of whole chromosome sequences in large populations infeasible. This situation presents an important obstacle to the field that requires conceptual advances to overcome. The recently developed tree‐sequence recording method (Kelleher, Thornton, Ashander, & Ralph, 2018), which stores the genealogical history of all genomes in the simulated population, could provide such an advance. This method has several benefits: (1) it allows neutral mutations to be omitted entirely from forward‐time simulations and added later, thereby dramatically improving computational efficiency; (2) it allows neutral burn‐in to be constructed extremely efficiently after the fact, using “recapitation”; (3) it allows direct examination and analysis of the genealogical trees along the genome; and (4) it provides a compact representation of a population's genealogy that can be analysed in Python using the msprime package. We have implemented the tree‐sequence recording method in SLiM 3 (a free, open‐source evolutionary simulation software package) and extended it to allow the recording of non‐neutral mutations, greatly broadening the utility of this method. To demonstrate the versatility and performance of this approach, we showcase several practical applications that would have been beyond the reach of previously existing methods, opening up new horizons for the modelling and exploration of evolutionary processes.
Disclosure policy choices under regulatory threat
Authors: Suijs Jeroen , Wielhouwer Jacco L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article shows that firms “voluntarily” increase their disclosures in response to the threat of more stringent disclosure regulations. These disclosures are mostly just sufficient to deter regulation. However, when investment risk is low, both managers and investors might strictly prefer the regulation deterring equilibrium. We further find that in many cases, regulation can only be deterred by asymmetric disclosure behavior of the firms. This suggests that coordination issues and free‐riding may be important reasons why self‐regulation may fail. The results also indicate the importance of considering political pressure and regulatory threats to explain observed symmetric and asymmetric voluntary disclosure behavior.
Detecting EGFR mutations and ALK/ROS1 rearrangements in non‐small cell lung cancer using malignant pleural effusion samples
Authors: Yao Yi , Peng Min , Shen Qinglin , Hu Qinyong , Gong Hongyun , Li Qingqing , Zheng Zhongliang , Xu Bin , Li Yingge , Dong Yi 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using malignant pleural effusion (MPE) as a substitute specimen for genetic testing and to determine the significance of genetic profiling of MPE tumor cells to monitor non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression and therapeutic response.MethodsWe selected 168 NSCLC patients with MPE. We extracted MPE and enriched tumor cells using a custom‐designed device. EGFR mutations and ALK/ROS1 fusions were then detected by quantitative real‐time PCR, and the results were used to guide targeted therapy. We investigated drug responses through imaging.ResultsMPE tumor cells were detected in all patients. EGFR mutations and ALK/ROS1 rearrangements were detected in biopsy samples, treated MPE, and untreated MPE. We found that treated MPE had higher sensitivity and specificity than biopsy or untreated MPE. Among the 26 EGFR inhibitor patients, 13 showed a partial response, 7 had progressive disease, and 6 showed stable disease. Among the 16 patients that received ALK/ROS1 inhibitors, 8 had a partial response, 4 had progressive disease, and 4 showed stable disease.ConclusionOur study provides a new, less invasive, and highly repeatable method of analyzing MPE tumor cells in NSCLC that facilitates precision medicine and genetic testing.
Harnessing cellular aging in human stem cell models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Ziff Oliver J. , Patani Rickie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative condition that is invariably fatal, usually within 3 to 5 years of diagnosis. The etiology of ALS remains unresolved and no effective treatments exist. There is therefore a desperate and unmet need for discovery of disease mechanisms to guide novel therapeutic strategies. The single major risk factor for ALS is aging, yet the molecular consequences of cell type‐specific aging remain understudied in this context. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have transformed the standard approach of examining human disease, generating unlimited numbers of disease‐relevant cells from patients, enabling analysis of disease mechanisms and drug screening. However, reprogramming patient cells to iPSCs reverses key hallmarks of cellular age. Therefore, although iPSC models recapitulate some disease hallmarks, a crucial challenge is to address the disparity between the advanced age of onset of neurodegenerative diseases and the fetal‐equivalent maturational state of iPSC‐derivatives. Increasing recognition of cell type‐specific aging paradigms underscores the importance of heterogeneity in ultimately tipping the balance from a state of compensated dysfunction (clinically pre‐symptomatic) to decompensation and progression (irreversible loss of neurological functions). In order to realize the true promise of iPSC technology in ALS, efforts need to prioritize faithfully recapitulating the clinical pathophysiological state, with proportionate emphasis on capturing the molecular sequelae of both cellular age and non‐cell‐autonomous disease mechanisms within this context.
The opportunity cost of preserving the Brazilian Amazon forest
Authors: Silva Felipe de Figueiredo , Perrin Richard K. , Fulginiti Lilyan E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe estimate the trade‐off between forest preservation and agricultural production for the Legal Amazon region, using census and deforestation data for municipalities in 2006. We use a directional distance function to represent the production possibility frontier, and then calculate the shadow price of reducing deforestation in terms of agricultural income foregone. Results indicate that, on average, to preserve 1 ha of forest, $797 in annual agricultural GDP must be foregone. Using a discount rate of 10% and average forest carbon density of 132 tons per hectare, these results imply an average shadow price of $16 per ton of CO2 permanently sequestered.
Ultrasound anatomy of the normal stifle in the sheep
Authors: Kayser Françoise , Hontoir Fanny , Clegg Peter , Kirschvink Nathalie , Dugdale Alex , Vandeweerd Jean Michel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThough the ovine stifle is commonly used as a model in research, there is no description of its anatomy at ultrasonography (US). The objective of this study was to provide reference US images of the ovine stifle that are relevant in musculoskeletal research. Four pairs of hindlimbs were scanned, whilst four other pairs were frozen and cut in different planes to compare gross anatomy to US scans. In another pair, the synovial compartments of the stifle were injected and scanned. This study demonstrated that US could be used to assess the ovine stifle. Several structures of clinical interest could be identified with cranial, lateral and medial approaches, such as (a) the tendons of m. quadriceps femoris, m. gluteobiceps, m. popliteus, (b) the common tendon of m. peroneus tertius–extensor longus digitorum–extensor digiti III proprius, (c) the patellar ligament, (d) the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, (e) the cranial horn and middle segment of medial and lateral meniscus, and (f) the synovial recesses. However, the caudal approach was not successful to identify caudal anatomical structures of the joint, due to the muscular mass, that is the caudal aspects of the articular surfaces of the femoral and tibial condyles, the caudal horns of the menisci and the supracondylar synovial recesses. In addition, US remained challenging to assess the internal structures such as cruciate ligaments and articular surfaces. The feasibility of US needs to be tested in vivo.
Experience and confidence in vaginal breech and twin deliveries among obstetric trainees and new specialists in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Yeoh Sara G. J. , Rolnik Daniel L. , Regan John A. , Lee Peter Y. A. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe number of vaginal breech and twin deliveries may be insufficient for adequate training.ObjectiveTo determine whether advanced trainees and new Fellows in obstetrics are gaining adequate experience and confidence in vaginal breech and twin deliveries.MethodsAn online survey was emailed to registered Royal Australia and New Zealand College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (RANZCOG) advanced trainees and new Fellows (Years 1–5). This survey asked about their experience, confidence and whether they intend to perform vaginal breech and twin deliveries as specialists.ResultsThe survey was sent to 703 advanced trainees (162) and Fellows (541) and answered by 217 (31.7%). Experience and confidence in vaginal breech and twin deliveries increased with the number of procedures performed (P < 0.001) in both groups and were significantly higher among Fellows. Despite the level of experience, 100% of respondents felt confident in managing vaginal twin deliveries with or without supervision, whereas 14.9% of respondents did not feel confident in managing vaginal breech deliveries. Intention to offer these procedures in their practice depended on confidence levels, and there was a significant difference between twins and breech. Overall, 87.3% of respondents intended to offer vaginal twin deliveries in their practice, while only 32.7% intended to offer vaginal breech deliveries.ConclusionConfidence in complex vaginal deliveries increases with increasing number of procedures performed and a significant proportion of trainees and Fellows consider they do not have sufficient experience. The association between confidence and intention to offer these procedures is stronger in twins than in breech deliveries.
The orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1 promotes FcεRI‐stimulated mast cell activation and anaphylaxis by counteracting the inhibitory LKB1/AMPK axis
Authors: Jin Fansi , Li Xian , Deng Yifeng , Timilshina Maheshwor , Huang Bin , Kim Dong‐Young , Chang Jae‐Hoon , Ichinose Hiroshi , Baek Suk‐Hwan , Murakami Makoto , Lee Youn Ju , Chang Hyeun Wook 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1), an orphan nuclear receptor, has been implicated in several biological events such as metabolism, apoptosis, and inflammation. Recent studies indicate a potential role for NR4A1 in mast cells, yet its role in allergic responses remains largely unknown.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to clarify the role of NR4A1 in mast cell activation and anaphylaxis.MethodsTo evaluate the function of NR4A1 in mast cells, the impacts of siRNA knockdown, gene knockout, adenoviral overexpression, and pharmacological inhibition of NR4A1 on FcεRI signaling and effector functions in mouse bone marrow–derived mast cells (BMMCs) in vitro and on anaphylactic responses in vivo were evaluated.ResultsKnockdown or knockout of NR4A1 markedly suppressed degranulation and lipid mediator production by FcεRI‐crosslinked BMMCs, while its overexpression augmented these responses. Treatment with a NR4A1 antagonist also blocked mast cell activation to a similar extent as NR4A1 knockdown or knockout. Moreover, mast cell–specific NR4A1‐deficient mice displayed dampened anaphylactic responses in vivo. Mechanistically, NR4A1 promoted FcεRI signaling by counteracting the liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) axis. Following FcεRI crosslinking, NR4A1 bound to the LKB1/AMPK complex and sequestered it in the nucleus, thereby promoting FcεRI downstream signaling pathways. Silencing or knockout of LKB1/AMPK largely abrogated the effect of NR4A1 on mast cell activation. Additionally, NR4A1 facilitated spleen tyrosine kinase activation independently of LKB1/AMPK.ConclusionsNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 positively regulates mast cell activation by antagonizing the LKB1‐AMPK‐dependent negative regulatory axis. This finding may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the development of anti‐allergic compounds.
Differential expression of long non‐coding RNAs are related to proliferation and histological diversity in follicular lymphomas
Authors: Roisman Alejandro , Castellano Giancarlo , Navarro Alba , Gonzalez‐Farre Blanca , Pérez‐Galan Patricia , Esteve‐Codina Anna , Dabad Marc , Heath Simon , Gut Marta , Bosio Mattia , Bellot Pau , Salembier Philippe , Oliveras Albert , Slavutsky Irma , Magnano Laura , Horn Heike , Rosenwald Andreas , Ott German , Aymerich Marta , López‐Guillermo Armando , Jares Pedro , Martín‐Subero José I. , Campo Elías , Hernández Luis 
Published: December 2018

SummaryLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) comprise a family of non‐coding transcripts that are emerging as relevant gene expression regulators of different processes, including tumour development. To determine the possible contribution of lncRNA to the pathogenesis of follicular lymphoma (FL) we performed RNA‐sequencing at high depth sequencing in primary FL samples ranging from grade 1‐3A to aggressive grade 3B variants using unpurified (n = 16) and purified (n = 12) tumour cell suspensions from nodal samples. FL grade 3B had a significantly higher number of differentially expressed lncRNAs (dif‐lncRNAs) with potential target coding genes related to cell cycle regulation. Nine out of the 18 selected dif‐lncRNAs were validated by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction in an independent series (n = 43) of FL. RP4‐694A7.2 was identified as the top deregulated lncRNA potentially involved in cell proliferation. RP4‐694A7.2 silencing in the WSU‐FSCCL FL cell line reduced cell proliferation due to a block in the G1/S phase. The relationship between RP4‐694A7.2 and proliferation was confirmed in primary samples as its expression levels positively related to the Ki‐67 proliferation index. In summary, lncRNAs are differentially expressed across the clinico‐biological spectrum of FL and a subset of them, related to cell cycle, may participate in cell proliferation regulation in these tumours.
Does Regulation Trade Off Quality against Inequality? The Case of German Architects and Construction Engineers
Authors: Rostam‐Afschar Davud , Strohmaier Kristina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe exploit an exogenous price increase of 10 per cent for architectural services to answer the question how price regulation affects income inequality and service quality. Using individual‐level data from the German microcensus for the years 2006–2012, we find a significant reform effect of 8 per cent on personal net income for self‐employed architects and construction engineers. This group moved from the second lowest to the highest quintile of the net income distribution. This increase in inequality is associated with a deterioration of service quality. The reform reduced average scores of a peer ranking for architects by 18 per cent.
ARBITRATION, INDIVISIBLE ASSETS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF MALICE
Authors: Guha Brishti 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTMany real‐life contexts involve allocating an indivisible prize between two claimants. One (or both) claimants may derive ‘malice utility’ from depriving the other claimant. I study an arbitrator who does not know if malice is involved in a particular dispute, but wishes the prize to be allocated to the party with the higher intrinsic valuation for it and discuss two simple mechanisms that achieve his purpose regardless of whether malice is actually present. I examine several extensions.
Redo ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis: outcomes from a case–controlled study
Authors: Rossi C. , Beyer‐Berjot L. , Maggiori L. , Prost‐à‐la‐Denise J. , Berdah S. , Panis Y. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo assess short‐ and long‐term outcomes of redo ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis (redo‐IPAA) for failed IPAA, comparing them with those of successful IPAA.MethodThis was a case–control study. Data were collected retrospectively from prospectively maintained databases from two tertiary care centres. Patients who had a redo‐IPAA between 1999 and 2016 were identified and matched (1:2) with patients who had a primary IPAA (p‐IPAA), according to diagnosis, age and body mass index.ResultsThirty‐nine redo‐IPAAs (16 transanal and 23 abdominal procedures) were identified, and were matched with 78 p‐IPAAs. After a mean follow‐up of 56 ± 51 (2.6–190) months, failure rates after transanal and abdominal approaches were 50% and 15%, respectively. Reoperation after the transanal approach was higher than after p‐IPAA (69% vs 7%; P < 0.001). No differences were noted between the abdominal approach for redo‐IPAA and p‐IPAA in terms of morbidity (61% for redo‐IPAA vs 38% for p‐IPAA; P = 0.06), major morbidity (9% vs 8%; P = 0.96), anastomotic leakage (13% vs 10%; P = 0.74), mean daily bowel movements (6 vs 5.5; P = 0.68), night‐time bowel movements (1.2 vs 1; P = 0.51), faecal incontinence (13% vs 7%; P = 0.40), urgency (31% vs 27%; P = 0.59), use of anti‐diarrhoeal drugs (47% vs 37%; P = 0.70), mean Cleveland Global Quality‐of‐Life score (7 vs 7; P = 0.83) or sexual function.ConclusionThe abdominal approach for redo‐IPAA is justified in cases of pouch failure because it achieves functional results comparable with those observed after p‐IPAA, without higher postoperative morbidity. The transanal approach should be chosen sparingly.
One‐leaf plants in the Gesneriaceae: Natural mutants of the typical shoot system
Authors: Kinoshita Ayaka , Tsukaya Hirokazu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe aerial part of seed plants is called the shoot, which is composed of stems, leaves, and axial buds. These are produced by indeterminate activity in the shoot apical meristem (SAM), whereas the morphogenesis of leaves depends on determinate activity of leaf meristems. However, one‐leaf plants in the Gesneriaceae family (eudicots) do not have a typical SAM and do not produce new organs when in the vegetative phase. Instead, they have one cotyledon whose growth is indeterminate. This peculiar development is supported by the groove meristem, which corresponds to the canonical SAM, and the basal meristem, which corresponds to the typical leaf meristem. However, the former does not produce any organ and the latter is active indeterminately. Gene expression and physiological analyses have been conducted in an effort to determine the molecular nature of this peculiar organogenesis. This review summarizes the current understanding of the development of one‐leaf plants to provide future perspectives in this field of research.
You say you want a (Rose) Revolution? The effects of Georgia's 2004 market reforms
Authors: Lawson Robert , Grier Kevin , Absher Samuel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAfter Georgia declared its independence from the Soviet Union, it experienced civil war and strife for more than a decade. In late 2003, the peaceful Rose Revolution installed a new government that began a series of radical market‐liberal reforms. However, the effectiveness of these reforms was controversial. We offer a rigorous evaluation of these reforms via the synthetic control method which creates a credible counterfactual. Compared to the synthetic controls, we find that the reforms enacted after the Rose Revolution led to significant improvements in Georgia's social and economic development, albeit with temporary side effects and argue that this case provides some support for the effectiveness of rapid, multidimensional reform.
Local and regional climate variables driving spring phenology of tortricid pests: a 36 year study
Authors: Pak Damie , Biddinger David , Bjørnstad Ottar N. 
Published: December 2018

1. Insect phenology is driven by local climate variables, most notably temperature. Increased warming has been linked to advancements in critical phenophases such as the spring flight of reproductive adults in the mid‐Atlantic region of the U.S.A.2. Local climate is governed by the fluctuations of large‐scale climate oscillations. In the northern hemisphere, both the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) control the local autumn and winter severity. Low NAO and AO indices are associated with colder autumns and winters, which can delay spring phenology.3. In this study, 36 years of data from experimental fruit orchards in Biglerville, Pennsylvania, were used to run partial least‐squares regressions in order to determine the climate variables related to the spring phenology of five tortricid pest species.4. The phenology of the tortricid pests did not advance, even though there was evidence of warming at the research site.5. Spring temperatures were found to be the most significant climate variables in determining the timing of the spring flights. However, autumn–winter temperatures were also important.6. For the NAO and the AO, it was found that these oscillations affected the tortricid moths by influencing autumn–winter conditions. The oscillations of the NAO and AO can obscure long‐term changes in phenology.7. These findings suggest that the inclusion of large‐scale climate oscillations can provide important insights into how climate conditions can influence insect phenology, and presents an opportunity for improving the ability to forecast spring emergence.