bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative studies on the effects of lincomycin and bacitracin on hematobiochemical and immunological parameters in broiler chickens
Authors: A. Elkomy Ashraf , Farag Enas , I. Elgharbawy Elshahat , Elbadawy Mohamed 
Published: May 2019

A total of 100 one-day-old healthy broiler chicks were used to study the effects of lincomycin and bacitracin on some hematobiochemical and immunological parameters. Chicks were divided into four equal groups, 25 each. The first group was kept as control; the 2nd group was received 0.5 g of lincomycin per liter; the 3rd group was received 100 mg bacitracin per liter and the 4th group was administered both lincomycin and bacitracin, each at the above-mentioned dose. Drugs were given in drinking water for 5 successive days from 20th to 25th day of age. Bodyweight was recorded at the beginning of the experiment and at 1st-day post administration where body performance was recorded. One day post administration, blood samples were collected for estimation of hematobiochemical and immunological alterations. The obtained results revealed that broiler chicks administered lincomycin or bacitracin or both revealed a marked increase in bodyweight, weight gain, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, erythrocytic count, hemoglobin level, packed cell volume, total leukocytic count, serum total protein, albumin, total globulin, Î±, Î² and Î³ globulin. Furthermore, a significant elevation in malondialdehyde associated with a marked reduction in albumin-globulin ratio, serum total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride and a significant decrease in catalase and superoxide dismutase, were recorded, compared with the control group. In conclusion, lincomycin and bacitracin either alone or in combination have positive impacts on growth performance, immunological and hematobiochemical parameters of broiler chickens. So, it is recommended to use both drugs as growth promoters in broiler chickens.Â Â Â
Bird ringing report for Slovenia in 2017 and short overview of colour ringing in the period of 2012–2017
Authors: Vrezec Al , Fekonja Dare 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In 2017, the Slovenian bird ringing scheme concluded 90 years of continuous ringing in the country. In 2017, we collected data on 176 bird species. We ringed 79,886 birds of 164 species, recorded 177 recoveries of birds ringed in Slovenia and found abroad, 295 foreign recoveries in Slovenia and 2,209 local recoveries. The most ringed species were the Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla and Great Tit Parus major and, among pulli in the nest, the Great Tit, White Stork Ciconia ciconia and Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica. In 2017, 12 colour ringing schemes were active in Slovenia. In the 2012-2017 period, the number of recoveries of birds ringed in Slovenia and found abroad increased significantly due to colour ringing, especially regarding the waterbirds. With colour ringing, the likelihood of recoveries is considerably greater (75.20 ± 91.36 recoveries per 100 ringed birds) than with metal ringing only (0.11 ± 0.08 recoveries per 100 ringed birds). Among local recoveries, the most frequent were the Mute Swans Cygnus olor and Common Terns Sterna hirundo, and among foreign recoveries the Black-headed Gulls Chroicocephalus ridibundus predominated. In 2017, the first Broad-billed Sandpiper Calidris falcinellus was ringed in Slovenia (Sečovlje salinas), and additional three rare species were ringed as well: the Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus (Ljubljansko barje), Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola (Ljubljansko barje) and Little Bunting Emberiza pusilla (Šentrupert).
The Intertextuality of the Kragehul Spear-shaft Inscription
Authors: Mees Bernard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe inscription on a spear-shaft excavated from the Kragehul bog, just outside Flemløse, Denmark, in the late nineteenth century, is one of the most interpretatively problematic of all the early runic texts. Previous treatments of the inscription, however, have failed to consider the intertextuality and syntax of the text properly, and have often been distracted by idiosyncratic hypotheses peculiar to runic studies. The present paper addresses several of the shortcomings evident in the philological method applied in previous accounts in a historiographically critical analysis of the very difficult ancient moor find. Syntactic features such as anastrophe and left branch extraction can be discerned in the Kragehul spear-shaft inscription that seems to preserve a text that is intertextually paralleled by other contemporary Migration Age sources.
Foreign Influences on Nordic (Noir) Borderlands
Authors: Marklund Anders 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article analyses the three recent Nordic Noir television series Bordertown (Sorjonen) from Finland, Trapped (Ófærð), from Iceland, and the Danish-Swedish The Bridge (Broen/Bron). All series are located on national borderlands, and this article aims to discern the significance of using such borderland settings. Departing from Doreen Massey’s emphasis on places as being inherently inter-linked with other places, the article characterises the various ways foreign influences are represented and narrativised in these three series.
The dance of expressive adverbials (“ideophones”) in Jamsay (Dogon)
Authors: Heath Jeffrey 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn addition to nouns, adjectives, numerals, postpositions, and verbs, Dogon languages such as Jamsay have an open-ended class of expressive adverbials (EAs). EAs partially overlap with what have been called ideophones or mimetics in other languages, but these labels conceal a range of grammatical statuses. EAs have no fixed position within larger syntactic phrases except as predicates. Unlike other constituents, they cannot be syntactically focalized, and they cannot be targeted by tonosyntactic operations. However, EAs do have a mini-morphosyntax of their own. All three of nouns, adjectives, and EAs can be made predicative, but the three use different morphosyntactic frames. Under limited conditions, an EA can fuse into a compound with a preceding noun or numeral that it is closely associated with. Most importantly, ordinary adjectives and numerals are convertible into EAs by morphological processes. In sum, Jamsay EAs constitute a distinct stem-class that functions as part of the grammar, but in a uniquely Dogon manner.
The variation of calques in European languages, with particular reference to Spanish and German: Main patterns and trends
Authors: González Félix Rodríguez , Knospe Sebastian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article compares the use of calques modelled on anglicisms in different European languages, especially Spanish and German, which do not only show structural differences (e.g. with regard to the use of noun-noun compounds, which are more common in German) but also reflect different attitudes towards English. Aspects covered range from the factors generally favouring the coinage of such replacive forms, to the reasons for the emergence of different types of calques, to variations in their use and challenges concerning their identification. To unravel the main patterns and trends in calquing, this study includes numerous examples from written and oral language, i.e. items of different register affiliation, age, length, and semantic transparency. On a theoretical level, the article incorporates findings from the fields of lexicology, contact linguistics and sociolinguistics.
When language mixing is the norm: documenting post-muda language choice in a state school in Barcelona
Authors: Patiño-Santos Adriana 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article studies the language uses of a group of new speakers of Catalan at a secondary school in a metropolitan working class area of Barcelona, who have experienced their linguistic mudes as a consequence of having being schooled in the Catalan education system from an early age. As shown in previous research on children of economic migrants in Catalonia, these students internalize and reproduce the language distribution of Catalan and Spanish that they are exposed to in their immediate environment. This will vary according to the locality in which they find themselves, in our case, a working class neighborhood in which Catalan is reserved as the vehicular language of instruction, while Spanish dominates as the language of social relations. The article adopts a language socialization perspective to give account of the linguistic competences these multilinguals display when carrying out an academic task. Translanguaging, in the form of language alternation and language mixing from the various repertoires that these students have at their disposal, emerges as the norm among them and their teachers in this school. This article embraces the idea that documenting the linguistic practices of new speakers can shed light on actual linguistic uses and trajectories after the linguistic muda takes place.
Language socialisation and muda: The case of two transnational migrants in Emmaus Barcelona
Authors: Garrido Maria Rosa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article investigates the relationship between socialisation and the concept of linguisticmudain a community of practice that belongs to a social movement called Emmaus. Based on a long-term ethnography (2008–2017), the article focuses on two transnational migrants who undergo a linguisticmudainto functionally bilingual Catalan through participation in communal activities at Emmaus Barcelona. The analysis firstly traces the tensions arising in linguistic negotiation during a migrant novice’s initial participation in assemblies as a “socialising routine”. Although established participants of all origins projected a preferred bilingual stance and routinely code-switched, newly-arrived migrants were initially addressed in Spanish, in line with the commonsensical sociolinguistic behaviour routinely adopted with migrants in Catalonia. Analysis of the two migrants’ socialisation trajectories in Emmaus illuminates the changing sociolinguistic norms in Catalonia that legitimise transnational migrants’ linguisticmudesin this community. In conclusion, acceptance as a legitimate speaker of Catalan at Emmaus Barcelona can be viewed as a means to an end: that of becoming a legitimate member, capable of participating in joint (inter)actions such as assemblies.
Experimental hypogonadism: insulin resistance, biochemical changes and effect of testosterone substitution
Authors: Doulamis Ilias P. , Tzani Aspasia , Konstantopoulos Panagiotis , Daskalopoulou Afroditi , Spinos Theodoros , Bletsa Evanthia , Mitsopoulou Dimitra , Spinou Marianna , Brinia Maria Evgenia , Palaiopanos Konstantinos , Korou Laskarina Maria , Perrea Despina N. , Katsilambros Nicholas L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
We sought to clarify the role of testosterone substitution in terms of insulin resistance and metabolic profile dysregulation in hypogonadism.

Methods
Twenty-nine male Wistar rats aged 11–12 weeks were divided in three groups: control (C, n = 10), sham operation; orchiectomy (ORX, n = 9); and orchiectomy + testosterone substitution (ORX+T, n = 10). Blood samples were obtained at day 1 (operation), after 10 days (intramuscular T injection 100 μg/100 g b.w.), 25 days (second T injection) and 40 days (sacrifice).

Results
Hormonal replacement significantly attenuated the negative effect of orchiectomy on insulin resistance as indicated by the successive changes in both insulin levels (1.44 ± 2.94 vs. 4.10 ± 2.47 vs. 1.78 ± 0.68 ng/mL, for D1, D10 and D40, respectively; p = 0.028 and p = 0.022, respectively) and HOMA-IR index (1.36 ± 2.75 vs. 3.68 ± 1.87 vs. 1.74 ± 0.69 ng/mL, for D1, D10 and D40, respectively; p = 0.024 and p = 0.026, respectively) in the ORX+T group. Irisin levels peaked at the 10th postoperative day and were decreased at the end of the experiment (0.27 ± 0.11 vs. 0.85 ± 0.54 vs. 0.02 ± 0.07 ng/mL for D1, D10 and D40, respectively; p = 0.028 in both cases), whereas resistin levels did not differ.
Experimental hypogonadism results in an unfavorable lipid profile and insulin resistance, which is not observed when the ORX animals are substituted for T.
A sound-symbolic alternation to express cuteness and the orthographic Lyman’s Law in Japanese
Authors: Kumagai Gakuji 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe current study deals with two topics. One is the new nicknaming trend in Japanese whereby [h] alternates with [p]. In Experiment I, I established the hypothesis that the process is driven to express cuteness, and experimentally demonstrated that singleton [p] is more likely to be associated with cuteness than other consonants in Japanese. The other topic discussed in the current paper is the orthographic Lyman’s Law, or OCP(diacritic) (Kawahara, Shigeto. 2018. Phonology and orthography: The orthographic characterization of rendaku and Lyman’s Law.Glossa: a Journal of General Linguistics3(1). 1–24.). In Experiment II, I tested whether OCP(diacritic) is psychologically real in the minds of Japanese speakers, using nicknames with [h]→[p] alternation already applied. The results showed that the naturalness of nicknames is reduced when they contain singleton [p] and voiced obstruents, both of which need a diacritical mark in hiragana and katakana. This suggests that OCP(diacritic) is active in nicknaming processes beyond rendaku and devoicing of voiced geminates. Experiment II also showed that the naturalness of nicknames is affected by other OCP effects such as OCP(C), OCP(CV), and OCP(labial). This result suggests that such OCP effects impinge on the patterns resulting from nicknaming formation.
Average Power Model of Optical Raman Amplifiers Based on Frequency Spacing and Amplifier Section Stage Optimization
Authors: Amiri IS , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Yupapin P 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The study presents the average power model of optical Raman fiber amplifiers based on frequency spacing and amplifier section stage optimization technique. The amplifier section stage is taken from 25 to 75 km and frequency spacing is taken from 0.2 up to 1 nm. Input/output Raman signal variations are measured versus operating wavelength range and bit time period variations. The suitable input signal power for the optical transmitter is chosen to be −10 dBm and return to zero modulation code is applied with an available data rate of 10 Gb/s. Sixty-four channels are multiplexed to benefit a multi-number of users with suitable power levels.
Developmental State with Neoliberal Tools: A Portrait of the Brazilian Housing Financial System
Authors: Gomes Schapiro Mario , Pereira Saylon Alves 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In the last decades, several countries have undertaken institutional reforms in their national housing finance systems (SFH). At the end of the 1990s, the Brazilian government followed this global trend and reformed its national SFH. In 1997, Congress enacted Law no. 9.514, instituting the Real Estate Financial System (SFI) that should gradually replace the former SFH. The new SFI sought a different model of financing based on the creation of a mortgage market, which consisted of securitizing debts and fundraising via the capital market. In contrast, the former SFH was a state-led arrangement that relied on direct credit policies, public subsidies and the performance of state-owned banks. This paper aims to assess the Brazilian housing reform outcomes. Regarding legal security, the data collected pointed to the satisfactory success of these measures. However, concerning the extent to which the market relation expanded over the state domains, the achievement is different. The most apparent effect of the reform is a repositioning of state agents in the new institutional frameworks, most notably the state-owned bank in the housing market.
Effects of Acute High-Intensity Exercise With the Elevation Training Mask or Hypoxicator on Pulmonary Function, Metabolism, and Hormones
Authors: Ott Taylor , Joyce Michael C. , Hillman Angela R. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Ott, T, Joyce, MC, and Hillman, AR. Effects of acute high-intensity exercise with the elevation training mask or hypoxicator on pulmonary function, metabolism, and hormones. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2486–2491, 2021—The elevation training mask (ETM) 2.0 is an increasingly popular hands-free respiratory muscle training modality proposing to mimic altitude; however, the degree to which this occurs has been questioned. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of this modality in comparison with using a hypoxicator (HYP) during acute aerobic exercise. Eight regularly active subjects (age: 25 ± 8 years; height: 166 ± 12 cm; body mass 64 ± 10 kg; and V̇o
2max: 46 ± 6 ml·kg−1·min−1) completed 3 trials, each including resting metabolic rate measurement, pulmonary function tests, and 13 sprint intervals at 90% V̇o
2max using either the HYP, ETM, or control. There was no significant difference in metabolism or heart rate between conditions. Fraction of expired air in the first second was greater after exercise (p = 0.02), while oxygen saturation was lower during exercise with the HYP (p < 0.001). Human growth hormone increased with exercise, but no differences were found between conditions; however, a trend was observed for higher growth hormone after exercise in HYP vs. ETM (p = 0.08). Elevation training mask does not seem to change acute pulmonary function, metabolism, heart rate, or oxygen saturation, indicating it likely does not create a hypoxic environment or mimic altitude.
Multilevel Hybrid Firefly-Based Bayesian Classifier for Intrusion Detection in Huge Imbalanced Data
Authors: Umamaheswari K. , Janakiraman Subbiah , Chandraprabha K. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Intrusion detection in network data is a challenging task because of the velocity of data and data imbalances associated with the domain. This article presents a scalable multilevel hybrid classifier (MLHC) model that can handle huge data and the imbalance associated with network transmission data. The initial level of the proposed model is composed of a hybridized firefly prediction model to identify intrusions. The second-level prediction mechanism is modeled with a Bayesian learner to provide probabilistic predictions. The Bayesian learner is trained with balanced data, thus reducing the effects of imbalance, and only part of the predicted data is passed for secondary prediction, leading to reduced impacts of imbalance and faster and more effective solutions. Experiments were performed on benchmark datasets, namely Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD)’99, New Subset and Labeled version of KDD (NSL-KDD), and University of New South Wales (UNSW) datasets, and comparisons were conducted with several recent studies. The results indicate improved performances by up to 37 % in F-measure and 19 % in detection rate, thereby exhibiting the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed model.
Effect of Different Creep and Recovery Times on the MSCR Test for Highly Modified Asphalt Binder
Authors: Gaspar Matheus S. , Nogueira Bianca , Vasconcelos Kamilla L. , M. Leite Leni F. , B. Bernucci Liedi L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The development of the multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test represented an improvement in the evaluation of the rutting susceptibility of asphalt binders. However, the creep and recovery times of the current test protocol (1 and 9 s, respectively) may not be adequate to predict performance under extremely heavy and slow traffic conditions or to allow full recovery of polymer-modified binders. Highly modified asphalt binders have been increasingly used in pavements under severe traffic and weather conditions, and, because of the higher polymer content in these materials, they can be more sensitive to variations in loading times and stresses. However, the influence of different loading times has not been investigated in detail for these materials yet. In this article, the effect of longer creep and recovery times on the MSCR test was evaluated for a highly modified asphalt binder, and the results were compared with those obtained for a neat asphalt binder and a regular styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified binder. Tests were carried out at the high performance grading temperature of each binder. and three situations were analyzed: (i) the increase of creep time to 2, 4, and 8 s; (ii) the increase of recovery time to 240 and 500 s; and (iii) the increase of both times simultaneously, to 2/18 s and 3/27 s. The highly modified binder analyzed was more susceptible to variation in creep and recovery times than the other binders and showed considerable increase in compliance due to nonlinear behavior, although there is no evidence that this was caused by the high polymer amount in this material. The results support the need of further investigation in this subject for future refinements in the MSCR test protocol and the specification criteria for slow or standing traffic, so that the susceptibility to longer loading times can be properly considered.
Sensitivity Analysis of Distress Influence Factors on Steel-Plastic Compound Reinforced Retaining Wall
Authors: Zheng Bin-Shuang , Huang Xiao-Ming , Zhao Run-Min , Chen Jia-Ying , Zhang Wei-Guang , Yu Tian-Lai 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Based on the distress survey of the existing reinforced retaining wall in Harbin, this article summarizes the main forms of distresses. Taking the section with typical distresses as an example, the influences of fill properties, fill void, ribbon fracture, seepage, traffic load, and other factors on the horizontal deflection and axial force were analyzed by the finite element (FE) method. Causes of distresses of the reinforced retaining wall were systematically studied. Results showed that soil pressure, traffic load, seepage, and the combined action of many other factors are the main causes of retaining wall distresses. The sensitivity factors of horizontal displacement of a reinforced retaining wall are the cohesion and internal friction angle of filling soil. Moisture caused essentially by pavement cracks and seepage can result in the decrease of cohesion and internal friction angle, which are the important factors of outward-dipping deformation. Ribbon fracture, filling soil void, and traffic overload are the important factors leading to horizontal deformation of a retaining wall. According to the orthogonal experiment design, cohesion is the most significant factor for the horizontal deformation of a retaining wall, followed by the internal friction angle; the elastic modulus of foundation and the rest of the factors are not significant, which is consistent with the simulation result of the range analysis. The FE models show good predictability and are well validated by field tests and the orthogonal experiment. These models appear to work for similar reinforced retaining walls.