bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and growth conditions of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains with different virulence degrees that cause acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Soto‐Rodriguez Sonia A. , Lozano‐Olvera Rodolfo , Palacios‐Gonzalez Daniel A. , Bolan‐Mejia Carmen , Rendon‐Aguilar Karla G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe phenotypic characteristics and growth kinetics at several temperatures, salinities, and pH values of three Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) strains with different virulence and one nonpathogenic strain were evaluated. Independent of the virulence of the strain, a high metabolic diversity was found, which yielded different colored phenotypes on the CHROMagar™ Vibrio. All strains were resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin, and Vp AHPND+ organisms were the most sensitive to enrofloxacin. The exponential growth of Vp strains started at 1–2 hr of incubation, although no relationship was observed between the bacterial density and degree of virulence. Moreover, the growth of the most virulent strain was independent of the nutrients in the incubation media during the initial hour postinoculation. No strain grew at 4°C in 0% NaCl and pH 4, but only Vp AHPND+ grew at 44°C. For all strains, the lag phase was proportional to the NaCl concentration, and the growth was better at pH 8–9. However, the Vp AHPND− strain displayed a greater variability, was more sensitive to extreme conditions, and showed a lag phase of 9 hr independent of the pH.
Urinary angiotensinogen in pediatric urinary tract infection
Authors: Mayumi Reina , Murano Yayoi , Yokota Reina , Nakao Akihiro , Miyazaki Nao , Hara Taichi , Mizutani Akira , Hayashi Kuniyoshi , Sakurai Yumiko , Shoji Hiromichi , Nakazawa Tomoyuki , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundUrinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common diseases in children, and urinary angiotensinogen (U‐AGT) is a new biomarker gathering attention in many renal diseases. U‐AGT reflects intrarenal renin–angiotensin system (RAS) activity. We conducted a study to measure U‐AGT in children <4 months old with UTI.MethodsAll children <4 months old who came to Toshima Hospital with fever between January 2015 and December 2015 were included. Patients were divided into a UTI group and a non‐UTI group, and U‐AGT was measured.ResultsMedian U‐AGT was higher in patients with UTI compared with patients without UTI: (0.56 ng/dL, range, 0.025–2.753 ng/dL vs 0.13 ng/dL, range, 0.008–1.697 ng/dL, respectively; P < 0.05).ConclusionsU‐AGT is elevated in UTI patients, and RAS activation may contribute to renal injury caused by UTI.
Neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation project in Japan
Authors: Hosono Shigeharu , Tamura Masanori , Isayama Tetsuya , Sugiura Takahiro , Kusakawa Isao , Ibara Satoshi ,   the Neonatal Resuscitation Committee Japan Society of Perinatal Neonatal Medicine
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn July 2007, the Neonatal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (NCPR) program in Japan was launched to ensure that all staff involved in perinatal and neonatal medicine can learn and practice NCPR based on the Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations developed by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. In 1978 in North America, a working group on pediatric resuscitation was formed by the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiac Care Committee and concluded that the resuscitation of newborns required a different strategy than the resuscitation of adults. The original first edition of the Neonatal Resuscitation Program textbook was published in 1987. The NCPR program consists of three courses for health‐care providers and two courses for instructors. A course and B course are for newly certified health‐care providers and course S is for health‐care providers who are renewing their certification. As of 31 March 2019, 3,227 advanced instructors (I instructor) and 1,877 basic instructors (J instructor) were trained to teach A, B, and S courses to health‐care providers on the basis of their license. In total 7,075 A courses and 4,012 B courses were held; 131 651 people attended A course or B course of the NCPR program, and 77 367 were certified. A total of 1,865 S courses, which were developed in 2015, were held and 12 875 people attended this course. Here, we introduce the background, purpose, history, and content of the development of the NCPR program in Japan.
Validation of Two Quality of Care Measures: Results from a Longitudinal Study of Reversible Contraceptive Users in India
Authors: Jain Aparna , Aruldas Kumudha , Mozumdar Arupendra , Tobey Elizabeth , Acharya Rajib 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBruce's quality of care framework, developed nearly three decades ago, brought needed international attention to family planning services. Various data collection efforts exist to measure the quality of contraceptive services. Our study validates two process quality measures and tests their predictive validity related to contraceptive continuation among 2,699 married women who started to use a reversible contraceptive method in India. We assessed four process quality domains with 22 items, which were reduced to 10 items using exploratory factor analysis. Weighted additive indices were calculated for the 22‐ and 10‐item measures. Scores were trichotomized into high, medium, and low process quality received. The predictive validity of the two measures was assessed related to modern contraceptive continuation three months later. The adjusted odds of continuing a modern contraceptive three months later was nearly three times greater (AOR: 2.78; 95% CI: 1.83–4.03) for women who received high process quality at enrollment compared with low quality with the 22‐item measure, and 2.2 times greater (95% CI: 1.46–3.26) with the 10‐item measure. Results suggest that the 22‐ and 10‐item measures are valid, and while the larger 22‐item measure can be used in special studies, the 10‐item measure is more suited for routine data collection and monitoring.
The Ambiguous Experience of Motherhood in the Western Bohemian Countryside: Exploring Rural Gender Inequalities Through the Framework of Precarity
Authors: Decker Anja 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPerspectives from Central and Eastern Europe rarely find their way into the debate on rural gender inequality. In this article, I aim to mitigate this imbalance by exploring everyday arrangements of women with dependent children in a peripheralised rural region of the Czech Republic. Using an expanded framework of precarity that integrates different spheres of work, I demonstrate that in the spatial context studied, motherhood increases the social disadvantage women face while simultaneously constituting an important field of female agency. I further show that in order to identify room for manoeuvre within configurations of insecurity the whole life‐situation of women must be taken into consideration. My findings add to a nuanced and context‐sensitive understanding of gender inequality in the European countryside, in particular by highlighting the field‐specific interaction of low‐wage economy, gendered division of work and mobility, and concepts of rural childhood, good (grand)parenting and self‐sufficiency. The study draws upon semi‐structured interviews and ethnographic research.
Why do young men lapse from blood donation?
Authors: Öhrner Caroline , Kvist Maria , Blom Wiberg Karolina , Diedrich Beatrice 
Published: May 2019

Background and ObjectivesMost men have larger blood volumes and iron stores, making them more suitable blood donors; however, women dominate the donor population in Stockholm. Motives for cessation and returning were examined in a group of lapsing young male donors, in order to improve retention.MethodsDemographic studies of the donor population. An online survey was sent to 1012 lapsing male donors aged 18–35 years. Questions focused on reasons for lapsing, returning and donor motivation.ResultsDemographic studies showed a predominance of female donors, especially in younger age groups. Most lapsing male donors were 18–35 years old. In this age group, there was a large turnover of male donors. The most common reason for lapsing was simply falling out of habit despite repeated invitations. Other reasons were lack of time, work, travel, new sex partner and change in residence. Adverse events were of less importance. The majority indicated that they would return for donation if they had more time and/or received yet another invitation. Donors lapsing after a single donation would significantly more often donate again, than repeat donors, if they were given information on the use of their blood. Furthermore, single‐time donors found the time spent donating significantly more important.ConclusionsIncreased accessibility and repeated invitations are essential for retention of young male donors. Time constraints are important, suggesting improvements in increased availability as well as shortening of visits. Young men also need help integrating blood donation routines into their life.
Evaluation of a red‐blood‐cell genotyping platform, ID CORE XT, within a hospital transfusion service
Authors: Hayes Chelsea , Seo Jina , Abumuhor Ihab , Klapper Ellen 
Published: May 2019

Background and ObjectivesRed‐blood‐cell genotyping is used to provide extended matched blood, resolve typing discrepancies and predict phenotype in recently transfused patients or patients with a positive direct antiglobulin test. The aim of this study was to complete a performance and operational evaluation of a genotyping system, ID CORE XT (Progenika Biopharma–Grifols, Barcelona, Spain), within a hospital transfusion service, using the current genotyping method as a reference for comparison.Materials and MethodsDNA was extracted from blood donor and patient samples and tested using ID CORE XT and the reference method. Predicted RBC phenotype, turnaround time and hands‐on time were compared. A questionnaire was administered to each clinical laboratory scientist to evaluate each platform's ease of use.ResultsA total of 438 samples were tested and overall agreement between methods was 99·99%, with a single M antigen typing discrepancy noted. DNA sequencing revealed that ID CORE XT incorrectly designated the antigen status as M‐negative, resulting in a false‐negative M antigen predicted phenotype result. ID CORE XT showed a 24·5% and 51·3% reduction in mean turnaround time and hands‐on time, respectively, as compared to the reference method.ConclusionID CORE XT and the reference method are highly concordant regarding predicted phenotype. ID CORE XT offers several operational advantages, making it suitable for a busy hospital transfusion service.
Ex vivo evaluation of a novel surgical guide on the accuracy of closing wedge osteotomies
Authors: Shamir Shelly K. , Wolynski Jakob G. , Duncan Colleen G. , Puttlitz Christian , Duerr Felix M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of a novel surgical guide on the accuracy and technical difficulty of closing wedge osteotomies (CWO).Study designEx vivo experimental study.Sample populationCanine tibia models (n = 40).MethodsA 20° cranial CWO (CCWO) was created without (standard procedure; STCCWO) or with the aid of a novel wedge osteotomy guide (WOCCWO). Procedures were performed by diplomate (n = 4) and resident (n = 6) surgeons, with each performing 2 STCCWO followed by 2 WOCCWO. To prevent bias, surgeons were unaware of the study purpose until after completing the STCCWO. The wedges were evaluated by comparing the deviation from the 20° target angle, divergence of the 2 osteotomies (osteotomy divergence angle [ODA]), and measurements of the wedge height at the caudomedial cortex (CMC) and caudolateral cortex (CLC). Technique difficulty was explored through a surgeon questionnaire.ResultsThe WOCCWO resulted in smaller mean ODA (WOCCWO = 0.86°, SD ± 0.38°, P < .001), and smaller mean difference between CMC and CLC (WOCCWO = 0.29 mm, SD ± 0.19, P < .001) than for the STCCWO (4.22°, SD ± 2.16° and 1.39 mm, SD ± 0.65 respectively). Deviation from the target 20° wedge angle was greater after STCCWO (1.46°, SD ± 1.27°) than after WOCCWO (0.53°, SD ± 0.33°, P = .004). No difference was reported regarding the difficulty of the procedures, but resident surgeons stated that they were more likely to use the guide in a clinical setting compared with diplomates.ConclusionThe wedge osteotomy guide improved the accuracy of CCWO compared with standard technique.Clinical significanceThe clinical significance of the differences detected in this study is unclear and warrants in vivo investigation.
Friction and Damage Evolution of the Borided CoCrMo Alloy
Authors: Morón R. C. , Rodríguez-Castro G. A. , García Maldonado M. A. , Salazar-Gaona A. , Bravo-Bárcenas D. , Campos-Silva I. , Palacios-Méndez A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this study, friction and evolution of cohesive failures (cracks and spallations) in CoB/Co2B layers were analyzed. Thermochemical treatment was carried out at 950, 975, and 1000 °C during 6, 8, and 10 h of exposure time, respectively. The characterization techniques include scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphology inspection of layers and thickness measurement, X-ray diffraction for the investigation of phases formed, and instrumented indention to obtain hardness, Young’s modulus, and residual stresses. The practical adhesion of the boride layers was evaluated by a progressive load scratch test (PLST), and the critical loads of cracking, chipping, and spallation were calculated. Later, unidirectional multipass scratch tests (MPSTs) were performed by applying subcritical loads selected from the lower spallation load (54 N); these tests were conducted for a different number of scratch passes. The results show that the coefficient of friction (COF) and coating damage depend on the applied load, the number of passes, and coating thickness. In multipass scratch, the mechanical properties, residual stress state, and thickness play a significant role in the evolution of the coating damage that manifests in the form of cracks and cohesive spallations. Considering the scratch and multipass scratch results, it was found that the sample with 10 h of exposure time presents a better performance among the samples.
Association of high birth weight with overweight and obesity in Chinese students aged 6–18 years: a national, cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Zou Zhiyong , Yang Zhongping , Yang Zhaogeng , Wang Xijie , Gao Di , Dong Yanhui , Ma Jun , Ma Yinghua 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThe prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in China has drastically increased 57 times over the past 30 years, and to control birth weight is an effective way to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity across the life course.ObjectiveThis paper aimed to evaluate the association of high birth weight (HBW) with overweight and obesity in Chinese students aged 6–18 years.MethodsAll students with HBW (n=4981) aged 6–18 years were selected from a cross-sectional survey from seven provinces of China, and 4981 other students with normal birth weight (NBW) were randomly sampled with matched gender, age and province. Anthropometric parameters were measured and characteristics were collected by questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the OR of overweight and obesity with HBW, unadjusted and adjusted for confounding factors.ResultsParticipants with HBW revealed higher body mass index in childhood. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was significantly higher in the HBW group than in the NBW group (overweight 15.3% vs 13.1%, p<0.05; obesity 16.9% vs 10.6%, p<0.05), and the results were similar for overweight in all age groups except age 6–7, age 14–15 and age 16–18. Additionally, HBW was positively associated with overweight (OR=1.230; 95% CI 1.056 to 1.432) and obesity (OR=1.611; 95% CI 1.368 to 1.897) after adjustment for covariates.ConclusionsHBW leads to an increased risk of overweight and obesity in childhood; thus, measures to control birth weight, such as controlling gestational weight gain, should be taken from the earliest beginning of life.Trial registration numberNCT02343588; Post-results.
FOETAL for NCD—FOetal Exposure and Epidemiological Transitions: the role of Anaemia in early Life for Non-Communicable Diseases in later life: a prospective preconception study in rural Tanzania
Authors: Hjort Line , Lykke Møller Sofie , Minja Daniel , Msemo Omari , Nielsen Birgitte Bruun , Lund Christensen Dirk , Theander Thor , Nielsen Karsten , Larsen Lise Grupe , Grunnet Louise Groth , Groop Leif , Prasad Rashmi , Lusingu John , Schmiegelow Christentze , Bygbjerg Ib C 
Published: May 2019

PurposeLow-income and middle-income countries such as Tanzania experience a high prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including anaemia. Studying if and how anaemia affects growth, placenta development, epigenetic patterns and newborns’ risk of NCDs may provide approaches to prevent NCDs.ParticipantsThe FOETALforNCD (FOetal Exposure and Epidemiological Transitions: the role of Anaemia in early Life for Non-Communicable Diseases in later life) Study is a population-based preconception, pregnancy and birth cohort study (n=1415, n=538, n=427, respectively), conducted in a rural region of North-East Tanzania. All participants were recruited prior to conception or early in pregnancy and followed throughout pregnancy as well as at birth. Data collection included: maternal blood, screening for NCDs and malaria, ultrasound in each trimester, neonatal anthropometry at birth and at 1 month of age, cord blood, placental and cord biopsies for stereology and epigenetic analyses.Findings to dateAt preconception, the average age, body mass index and blood pressure of the women were 28 years, 23 kg/m2and 117/75 mm Hg, respectively. In total, 458 (36.7%) women had anaemia (haemoglobin Hb <12 g/dL) and 34 (3.6%) women were HIV-positive at preconception. During pregnancy 359 (66.7%) women had anaemia of which 85 (15.8%) women had moderate-to-severe anaemia (Hb ≤9 g/dL) and 33 (6.1%) women had severe anaemia (Hb ≤8 g/dL). In total, 185 (34.4%) women were diagnosed with malaria during pregnancy.Future plansThe project will provide new knowledge on how health, even before conception, might modify the risk of developing NCDs and how to promote better health during pregnancy. The present project ended data collection 1 month after giving birth, but follow-up is continuing through regular monitoring of growth and development and health events according to the National Road Map Strategic Plan in Tanzania. This data will link fetal adverse event to childhood development, and depending on further grant allocation, through a life course follow-up.
Undernutrition and its determinants among Ethiopian adolescent girls: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Takele Wubet Worku , Muche Achenef Asmamaw , Mekonnen Zeleke Abebaw , Ambaw Yehualashet Fikadu , Wagnew Fasil 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionIn Ethiopia, undernutrition is the common public health concern, swaying the lives of lots of adolescent girls. Its sequelae are not only limited to them, but rather their upcoming offspring are vulnerable too. Even though some studies have been carried out in different parts of the country, the national pooled prevalence and determinants of undernutrition are not known. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the pooled prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among adolescent girls in Ethiopia.MethodsPublished articles will be retrieved from databases such as Medline and PubMed. Electronic search engines such as Google Scholar and Google will be used. To identify eligible studies, the Joanna Briggs Institute quality appraisal checklists prepared for different study designs will be used. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist will be used to maintain the scientific robustness of the study. The presence of heterogeneity among studies will be examined by forest plot as well as I2heterogeneity test. Potential causes of heterogeneity will be explored by carrying out sensitivity and subgroup analyses. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model will be used provided that heterogeneity is observed. Publication bias will be examined by observing funnel plots, and objectively by Egger’s regression test. If the funnel plot is asymmetric and/or Egger’s test was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), the trim and fill (Duval and Tweedie’s) analysis will be performed. The presence of a statistical association between independent and dependent variables will be declared if the p value is <0.05 with the 95% CI.Ethics and disseminationSince this is a systematic review and meta-analysis, ethical clearance will not be a concern. The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed reputable journal and presented at different scientific research conferences.Trial registration numberCRD42018106180.
Association between area-level socioeconomic status, accessibility and diabetes-related hospitalisations: a cross-sectional analysis of data from Western Victoria, Australia
Authors: Sajjad Muhammad A , Holloway-Kew Kara L , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Kotowicz Mark A , de Abreu Lelia L F , Livingston Patricia M , Khasraw Mustafa , Hakkennes Sharon , Dunning Trisha L , Brumby Susan , Page Richard S , Sutherland Alasdair G , Venkatesh Svetha , Williams Lana J , Brennan-Olsen Sharon L , Pasco Julie A 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveHospitalisation rates for many chronic conditions are higher in socioeconomically disadvantaged and less accessible areas. We aimed to map diabetes hospitalisation rates by local government area (LGA) across Western Victoria, Australia, and investigate their association with socioeconomic status (SES) and accessibility/remoteness.DesignCross-sectional studyMethodsData were acquired from the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset for all hospitalisations (public and private) with a diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus during 2011–2014. Crude and age-standardised hospitalisation rates (per 1000 population per year) were calculated by LGA for men, women and combined data. Associations between accessibility (Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia, ARIA), SES (Index of Relative Socioeconomic Advantage and Disadvantage, IRSAD) and diabetes hospitalisation were investigated using Poisson regression analyses.ResultsHigher LGA-level accessibility and SES were associated with higher rates of type 1 and type 2 diabetes hospitalisation, overall and for each sex. For type 1 diabetes, higher accessibility (ARIA category) was associated with higher hospitalisation rates (men incidence rate ratio [IRR]=2.14, 95% CI 1.64 to 2.80; women IRR=2.45, 95% CI 1.87 to 3.19; combined IRR=2.30, 95% CI 1.69 to 3.13; all p<0.05). Higher socioeconomic advantage (IRSAD decile) was also associated with higher hospitalisation rates (men IRR=1.25, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.43; women IRR=1.32, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.51; combined IRR=1.23, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.42; all p<0.05). Similarly, for type 2 diabetes, higher accessibility (ARIA category) was associated with higher hospitalisation rates (men IRR=2.49, 95% CI 1.81 to 3.43; women IRR=2.34, 95% CI 1.69 to 3.25; combined IRR=2.32, 95% CI 1.66 to 3.25; all p<0.05) and higher socioeconomic advantage (IRSAD decile) was also associated with higher hospitalisation rates (men IRR=1.15, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.30; women IRR=1.14, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.28; combined IRR=1.13, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.27; all p<0.05).ConclusionOur observations could indicate self-motivated treatment seeking, and better specialist and hospital services availability in the advantaged and accessible areas in the study region. The determinants for such variations in hospitalisation rates, however, are multifaceted and warrant further research.