bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybrid FAM‐CART model for online data classification
Authors: Seera Manjeevan , Lim Chee Peng , Tan Shing Chiang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this paper, an online soft computing model based on an integration between the fuzzy ARTMAP (FAM) neural network and the classification and regression tree (CART) for undertaking data classification problems is presented. Online FAM network is useful for conducting incremental learning with data samples, whereas the CART model prevails in depicting the knowledge learned explicitly in a tree structure. Capitalizing on their respective advantages, the hybrid FAM‐CART model is capable of learning incrementally while explaining its predictions with knowledge elicited from data samples. To evaluate the usefulness of FAM‐CART, 2 sets of benchmark experiments with a total of 12 problems are used in both offline and online learning modes. The results are examined and compared with those published in the literature. The experimental outcome positively indicates that the online FAM‐CART model is useful for tackling data classification tasks. In addition, a decision tree is produced to allow users in understanding the predictions, which is an important property of the hybrid FAM‐CART model in supporting decision‐making tasks.
Replicative stress and alterations in cell cycle checkpoint controls following acetaminophen hepatotoxicity restrict liver regeneration
Authors: Viswanathan Preeti , Sharma Yogeshwar , Gupta Priya , Gupta Sanjeev 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesAcetaminophen hepatotoxicity is a leading cause of hepatic failure with impairments in liver regeneration producing significant mortality. Multiple intracellular events, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, inflammation, etc., signify acetaminophen toxicity, although how these may alter cell cycle controls has been unknown and was studied for its significance in liver regeneration.Materials and methodsAssays were performed in HuH‐7 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, primary human hepatocytes and tissue samples from people with acetaminophen‐induced acute liver failure. Cellular oxidative stress, DNA damage and cell proliferation events were investigated by mitochondrial membrane potential assays, flow cytometry, fluorescence staining, comet assays and spotted arrays for protein expression after acetaminophen exposures.ResultsIn experimental groups with acetaminophen toxicity, impaired mitochondrial viability and substantial DNA damage were observed with rapid loss of cells in S and G2/M and cell cycle restrictions or even exit in the remainder. This resulted from altered expression of the DNA damage regulator, ATM and downstream transducers, which imposed G1/S checkpoint arrest, delayed entry into S and restricted G2 transit. Tissues from people with acute liver failure confirmed hepatic DNA damage and cell cycle‐related lesions, including restrictions of hepatocytes in aneuploid states. Remarkably, treatment of cells with a cytoprotective cytokine reversed acetaminophen‐induced restrictions to restore cycling.ConclusionsCell cycle lesions following mitochondrial and DNA damage led to failure of hepatic regeneration in acetaminophen toxicity but their reversibility offers molecular targets for treating acute liver failure.
E/eʹ ratio and left atrial area are predictors of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Costabel Juan Pablo , Galve Enrique , Terricabras María , Ametrano Clara , Ronderos Ricardo , Baranchuk Adrian , Evangelista Arturo , Avegliano Gustavo 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) occurs in about 20%–25% of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and is associated with increased risk of cardioembolism and heart failure impacting on patients’ morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to identify echocardiographic predictors of AF in a cohort of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).MethodsPatients were recruited from 2 centers: Buenos Aires Cardiovascular Institute and the Hospital Vall d'Hebron of Barcelona which were analyzed together. Retrospective study using electronic charts.ResultsA total of 321 patients with HCM and no documented history of AF were included. Median follow‐up was 3 years. Mean age was 54 ± 16 years. Obstructive HCM was present in 41% of the patients, and 94.2% had preserved systolic function. Thirty‐eight patients developed AF during the follow‐up period (11.8%). Univariate analysis showed that age, maximum myocardial thickness, atrial area, an E/eʹ ratio ≥ 17, and systolic pulmonary pressure estimated by echocardiography were associated with new‐onset AF. Multivariate analysis showed that E/eʹ ≥ 17 ratio {HR 3.27 ([1.10–9.27] P = .033)} and atrial area {HR 1.06 ([1.01–1.13] P = .037)} remained predictors of AF.ConclusionsAn E/eʹ ratio ≥ 17, as an expression of left ventricular filling pressures with impact on the left atrium, and left atrial area ≥28 cm2 are strong predictors of AF in patients with HCM.
Suggestions of Power: Searching for Efficacy in Indonesia's Hypnosis Boom
Authors: Long Nicholas J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFrom relative obscurity in the 1990s, hypnotherapy has become a major industry in contemporary Indonesia. This article examines its tremendous surge in popularity, and the subsequent trajectories of its vernacularization. It shows the hypnosis boom to have been underpinned by the introduction of a distinctive “30% theory, 70% practice” seminar format, structured in such a way as to allow mass‐market consumers to experience themselves as hypnotically efficacious. With such efficacy proving unsustainable outside the seminar context, Indonesians reached for and developed alternative conceptions of “hypnosis” that allowed them to continue as effective hypnotherapists. Such material demonstrates the value of incorporating a theory of interactional affordances into anthropological models of cultural transmission and globalization. [efficacy, hypnosis, globalization, Indonesia, interaction, psychotherapy]
Elucidating the sponge stress response; lipids and fatty acids can facilitate survival under future climate scenarios
Authors: Bennett Holly , Bell James J. , Davy Simon K. , Webster Nicole S. , Francis David S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOcean warming (OW) and ocean acidification (OA) are threatening coral reef ecosystems, with a bleak future forecast for reef‐building corals, which are already experiencing global declines in abundance. In contrast, many coral reef sponge species are able to tolerate climate change conditions projected for 2100. To increase our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning this tolerance, we explored the lipid and fatty acid (FA) composition of four sponge species with differing sensitivities to climate change, experimentally exposed to OW and OA levels predicted for 2100, under two CO2 Representative Concentration Pathways. Sponges with greater concentrations of storage lipid, phospholipids, sterols and elevated concentrations of n‐3 and n‐6 long‐chain polyunsaturated FA (LC PUFA), were more resistant to OW. Such biochemical constituents likely contribute to the ability of these sponges to maintain membrane function and cell homeostasis in the face of environmental change. Our results suggest that n‐3 and n‐6 LC PUFA are important components of the sponge stress response potentially via chain elongation and the eicosanoid stress‐signalling pathways. The capacity for sponges to compositionally alter their membrane lipids in response to stress was also explored using a number of specific homeoviscous adaptation (HVA) indicators. This revealed a potential mechanism via which additional CO2 could facilitate the resistance of phototrophic sponges to thermal stress through an increased synthesis of membrane‐stabilizing sterols. Finally, OW induced an increase in FA unsaturation in phototrophic sponges but a decrease in heterotrophic species, providing support for a difference in the thermal response pathway between the sponge host and the associated photosymbionts. Here we have shown that sponge lipids and FA are likely to be an important component of the sponge stress response and may play a role in facilitating sponge survival under future climate conditions.
Arsenic Remediation Field Study Using a Sulfate Reduction and Zero‐Valent Iron PRB
Authors: Beaulieu Brett , Ramirez Rachel Elena 
Published: March 2018

AbstractToxic and carcinogenic effects of arsenic in drinking water continue to impact people throughout the world and arsenic remains common in groundwater at cleanup sites and in areas with natural sources. Advances in groundwater remediation are needed to attain the low concentrations that are protective of human health and the environment. In this article, we present the successful use of a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) utilizing sulfate reduction coupled with zero‐valent iron (ZVI) to remediate the leading edge of a dissolved arsenic plume in a wetland area near Tacoma, Washington. A commercially available product (EHC‐M®, Adventus Americas Inc., Freeport, Illinois) that contains ZVI, organic carbon substrate, and sulfate was injected into a reducing, low‐seepage‐velocity aquifer elevated in dissolved arsenic and iron from a nearby, slag‐containing landfill. Removal effectiveness was strongly correlated with sulfate concentration, and was coincident with temporary redox potential (Eh) reductions, consistent with arsenic removal by iron sulfide precipitation. The PRB demonstrates that induced sulfate reduction and ZVI are capable of attaining a regulatory limit of 5 µg/L total arsenic, capturing of 97% of the arsenic entering the PRB, and sustaining decreased arsenic concentrations for approximately 2 years, suggesting that the technology is appropriate for consideration at other sites with similar hydrogeochemical conditions. The results indicate the importance of delivery and longevity of minimum sulfate concentrations and of maintaining sufficient dissolved organic carbon and/or microscale ZVI to precipitate FeS, a precursor phase to arsenic‐bearing pyrite that may provide a stable, long‐term sink for arsenic.
Influence of Shallow Geology on Volatile Organic Chemical Attenuation from Groundwater to Deep Soil Gas
Authors: McHugh Thomas E. , Beckley Lila , Bailey Danielle 
Published: March 2018

AbstractVapor intrusion pathway evaluations commonly begin with a comparison of volatile organic chemical (VOC) concentrations in groundwater to generic, or Tier 1, screening levels. These screening levels are typically quite low reflecting both a desired level of conservatism in a generic risk screening process as well as limitations in understanding of physical and chemical processes that impact vapor migration in the subsurface. To study the latter issue, we have collected detailed soil gas and groundwater vertical concentration profiles and evaluated soil characteristics at seven different sites overlying chlorinated solvent contaminant plumes. The goal of the study was to evaluate soil characteristics and their impacts on VOC attenuation from groundwater to deep soil gas (i.e., soil gas in the unsaturated zone within 2 feet of the water table). The study results suggest that generic screening levels can be adjusted by a factor of 100× at sites with fine‐grained soils above the water table, as identified by visual observations or soil air permeability measurements. For these fine‐grained soil sites, the upward‐adjusted screening levels maintain a level of conservatism while potentially eliminating the need for vapor intrusion investigations at sites that may not meet generic screening criteria.
A Revised Conceptual Model to Reproduce the Distribution of Chlorinated Solvents in the Rho Aquifer (Italy)
Authors: Pedretti Daniele , Masetti Marco , Beretta Giovanni P. , Vitiello Mariangela 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo make cost‐effective decisions regarding aquifer protection against chlorinated solvent contamination, a conceptual site model explaining the hydrodynamic behavior of these solvents needs to account for soil heterogeneities in sufficient detail. Among the key requirements, it is necessary to perform site‐specific characterization of (1) the architecture and type of chlorinated solvent sources, (2) the architecture, nature, and distribution of aquitards (bodies of low permeability), and (3) local groundwater dynamics. Local‐scale data are often lacking and regional descriptions are therefore adopted with the consequence of losing small‐scale features that control local chlorinated solvent migration which, in turn, limits the effectiveness of safeguard facilities. This article addresses these arguments, focusing on the Rho aquifer (Italy). We show that the local conceptual model must integrate small‐scale architectural and hydrodynamic anomalies of the aquifers and aquitards with regional trends and the sedimentary origin of the aquifers. New evidence was found by processing stratigraphic logs, piezometric heads and solute concentrations from local wells. The revised conceptual model should account for the occurrence of secondary chlorinated solvent sources located in depressions on the aquitard surface separating the two upper and most contaminated Rho aquifers. While the spatial distribution of depressions is in accordance with regional sedimentological dynamics, the direction of local groundwater flow at various levels within the main hydrogeological unit is remarkably opposite to the regional groundwater flow direction. These findings, along with evidence of vertical heterogeneous soil texture and stratification of chlorinated solvents in various phases, are supported by a simple particle‐tracking model and suggest how to redefine the conceptual model and, consequently, how to design safeguard facilities to effectively prevent further plume migration.
Removal of PCE DNAPL from Tight Clays Using In Situ Thermal Desorption
Authors: Heron Gorm , Lachance John , Baker Ralph 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a full‐scale thermal remediation of a brownfields site near San Francisco, California. In Situ Thermal Desorption (ISTD) was used for treatment of chlorinated solvents in a tight clay below the water table. The site had contaminants in concentrations indicating that a tetrachloroethene (PCE)‐rich DNAPL was present. A target volume of 5097 m3 of subsurface material to a depth of 6.2 m was treated for a period of 110 d of heating. Energy was delivered through 126 thermal conduction heater borings, and vapors were extracted from a combination of vertical and horizontal vacuum wells. Approximately 2540 kg of contaminants were recovered in the extracted vapors by the end of treatment. The PCE concentration in the clay was reduced from as high as 2700 mg/kg to an average concentration of 0.012 mg/kg within 110 d of heating (a reduction of >99.999%). Similar effectiveness was documented for TCE, cis‐1,2‐DCE, and vinyl chloride. A total of 2.2 million kWh of electric power was used to heat the site. Approximately 45% of this energy was used to heat the subsurface to the target temperature. Another 53% was necessary to boil approximately 41% of the groundwater within the treatment zone, creating approximately 600 pore volumes of steam by the end of the 110‐d heating and treatment period. Steam generation thus occurred within the clay. Partitioning of the contaminants into the steam and its removal comprised the dominant remedial mechanism. The steam migrated laterally toward the ISTD heaters, where it encountered a small dry region adjacent to each of the heaters, which served as a preferential pathway allowing the steam to migrate upward along the heaters to the more permeable vadose zone. There the steam was captured by a system of vertical and horizontal vacuum extraction wells. This vapor removal strategy facilitated effective thermal treatment of the tight clays located below the water table. Features of a robust design are extension of the heaters at least 1.2 m deeper than the treatment depth, and the installation of shallow horizontal vapor collection wells which allow for establishment of pneumatic control.
Phytoscreening: A Comparison of In Planta Portable GC‐MS and In Vitro Analyses
Authors: Limmer Matt A. , Martin Gregory D. , Watson Christopher J. , Martinez Camilo , Burken Joel G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPhytoscreening has been proven to rapidly delineate subsurface contaminant plumes for semiquantitative site assessment, with minimal impact to property or ecology through the collection and analysis of tree cores. Here, three phytoscreening methods were applied concurrently to identify multiple chlorinated volatile organic compounds (cVOCs) in a phytoremediation treatment system at a contaminated industrial facility. Tree coring, in planta gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), and in planta passive sampling showed general agreement, with the in planta GC‐MS providing the quickest but least quantitative results. The portable GC‐MS sampling and analysis method identified six cVOCs in the xylem of hybrid poplars (Populus sp.) in the phytoremediation plot. These real‐time data can permit onsite identification and delineation of the contaminants, allowing for adaptive sampling during a single mobilization to a site. The in vitro methods provided quantitative data across two sampling campaigns, as relative cVOC concentrations remained similar between the two trips, despite a decrease in absolute cVOC concentrations from August to October. Overall, this research demonstrates the advantages and limitations of three phytoscreening techniques.
Effects of a Dual‐Pump Crude‐Oil Recovery System, Bemidji, Minnesota, USA
Authors: Delin Geoffrey N. , Herkelrath William N. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA crude‐oil spill occurred in 1979 when a pipeline burst near Bemidji, MN. In 1998, the pipeline company installed a dual‐pump recovery system designed to remove crude oil remaining in the subsurface at the site. The remediation from 1999 to 2003 resulted in removal of about 115,000 L of crude oil, representing between 36% and 41% of the volume of oil (280,000 to 316,000 L) estimated to be present in 1998. Effects of the 1999 to 2003 remediation on the dissolved plume were evaluated using measurements of oil thicknesses in wells plus measurements of dissolved oxygen in groundwater. Although the recovery system decreased oil thicknesses in the immediate vicinity of the remediation wells, average oil thicknesses measured in wells were largely unaffected. Dissolved‐oxygen measurements indicate that a secondary plume was caused by disposal of the pumped water in an upgradient infiltration gallery; this plume expanded rapidly immediately following the start of the remediation in 1999. The result was expansion of the anoxic zone of groundwater upgradient and beneath the existing natural attenuation plume. Oil‐phase recovery at this site was shown to be challenging, and considerable volumes of mobile and entrapped oil remain in the subsurface despite remediation efforts.
Use of Chemical and Isotopic Signatures to Distinguish Between Uranium Mill‐Related and Naturally Occurring Groundwater Constituents
Authors: Kamp Susan D. , Morrison Stan J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChemical and isotopic signatures were determined in groundwater samples to aid in distinguishing the source of contamination in three desert arroyos and a buried channel (the swale) near Shiprock, New Mexico. The contamination in the swale and one of the arroyos, Many Devils Wash, was previously attributed to a former uranium mill site because of the similar suite of contaminants (nitrate, selenium, sulfate, and uranium) and the close (0.8 km) proximity. The other two arroyos are far removed from the mill site and could not have received contamination from it. Principal component and cluster analysis indicated similarities in groundwater chemistry among the swale and the three arroyos that contrasted with groundwater chemistry at the disposal cell. Disposal cell groundwater is characterized by high uranium and bicarbonate concentrations, whereas that in remaining study areas is characterized by high sodium and sulfate, but lower uranium concentrations. Mancos Shale forms the bedrock in the region and contains elevated concentrations of the same chemical constituents that appear in the swale and arroyo groundwater. Dissolved sulfate in arroyo groundwater was depleted in sulfur‐34, in contrast to mill‐derived sulfate with more enriched sulfur‐34. Uranium‐234 to uranium‐238 activity ratios (ARs) were near the secular equilibrium value of 1 in mill site groundwater, whereas ARs in all arroyo groundwater samples exceeded 2. Elevated tritium activities present in mill site groundwater (49 to 142 pCi/L) are attributed to the mill being operated during atomic bomb testing in the 1950s and 1960s. The combined chemical and isotopic results indicate that groundwater in Many Devils Wash and the swale was likely derived from the Mancos Shale and not from the milling operation.
Method for Assessing Source Zone Natural Depletion at Chlorinated Aliphatic Spill Sites
Authors: Ekre Ryan , Johnson Paul C. , Rittmann Bruce E. , Krajmalnik‐Brown Rosa 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis work focuses on the site‐specific assessment of source zone natural attenuation (SZNA) at chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon (CAH)‐impacted sites. The approach is similar in some ways, but different in other ways from recently proposed SZNA assessment paradigms for petroleum‐impacted sites. The similarities lie in the organization of the approach around determining: (1) whether or not SZNA is occurring, (2) the current SZNA rate, and (3) what is the future projection for SZNA rate changes and the final state of the source zone. Differences lie in how those rates are determined, especially with respect to the quantities measured and data reduction. Petroleum‐impacted site SZNA approaches emphasize quantifying fluxes of electron acceptors, while the proposed CAH assessment approach emphasizes quantifying parent and daughter compound fluxes. A paradigm for assessing SZNA at CAH sites is presented and its use is illustrated, for example former dry cleaner site, where the SZNA rate was approximately 3.5 kg/year as tetrachloroethylene (PCE) with about 80% of the mass loss attributed to groundwater flow and 20% attributed to vapor transport.