bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversidade cultural: desafios para o desenvolvimento de lideranças globais
Authors: Alvarenga Fernando Zeni , Prá Raquel , Moraes Jhony Pereira , Testa Maurício Gregianin 
Published: August 2018

As mudanças advindas da internacionalização das organizações trouxeram diversos desafios para as áreas de recursos humanos como a dispersão geográfica das equipes e a necessidade de desenvolver líderes globais. Com base neste contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo de caso é identificar diferenças culturais entre indivíduos de diferentes nacionalidades (americanos, brasileiros, indianos e malaios) que compõem uma equipe distribuída globalmente de uma empresa de TI. O instrumento utilizado para a análise engloba o modelo de quatro dimensões proposto por Hofested (2001). Por meio deste levantamento buscou-se demonstrar os desafios vivenciados por líderes globais para gerir a diversidade cultural mantendo a efetividade organizacional e a importância de inclusão deste tema pela área de recursos humanos nos programas de desenvolvimento de lideranças globais. Foi possível concluir através do estudo, que competências como mente aberta, sensibilidade global, empatia, aceitação da complexidade e suas contradições, comunicação intercultural e abertura são essenciais para atuar neste contexto. Palavras-chave: Liderança global. Diversidade cultural. Internacionalização
Factors Associated with Atraumatic Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Park Hyung Bin , Gwark Ji-Yong , Im Jin-Hyung , Jung Jaehoon , Na Jae-Boem , Yoon Chul Ho 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Certain metabolic factors have been proposed as risk factors for a posterosuperior rotator cuff tear. Although metabolic syndrome is of increasing concern in industrialized societies, little information exists regarding its association with posterosuperior rotator cuff tears. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for an atraumatic posterosuperior rotator cuff tear, including metabolic factors and metabolic syndrome.

Methods:
This study involved 634 subjects (634 shoulders) drawn from a cohort of rural residents. Posterosuperior rotator cuff tear diagnoses were based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for various demographic, physical, and social factors, including age, sex, dominant-side involvement, body mass index (BMI), and participation in manual labor; the comorbidities of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, thyroid dysfunction, ipsilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, and metabolic syndrome; and the serum metabolic parameters of serum lipid profile, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, and level of thyroid hormone. Two multivariable analyses were performed: the first excluded metabolic syndrome while including diabetes, hypertension, BMI, and hypo-high-density lipoproteinemia (hypo-HDLemia), and the second included metabolic syndrome while excluding the formerly included variables.

Results:
Age, BMI, waist circumference, dominant-side involvement, manual labor, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, ipsilateral carpel tunnel syndrome, HDL (high-density lipoprotein), and hypo-HDLemia were significantly associated with posterosuperior rotator cuff tears in univariate analyses (p ≤ 0.035). In the first multivariable analysis, age (OR. 1.86 [95% CI, 1.47 to 2.35]), BMI (OR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.02 to 1.18]), dominant-side involvement (OR, 2.04 [95% CI, 1.38 to 3.01]), manual labor (OR, 9.48 [95% CI, 5.13 to 17.51]), diabetes (OR, 3.38 [95% CI, 1.98 to 5.77]), and hypo-HDLemia (OR, 2.07 [95% CI, 1.30 to 3.29]) were significantly associated with posterosuperior rotator cuff tears (p ≤ 0.019). In the second multivariable analysis, age (OR, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.48 to 2.31]), dominant-side involvement (OR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.26 to 2.67]), manual labor (OR, 7.71 [95% CI, 4.33 to 13.73]), and metabolic syndrome (OR, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.35 to 2.91]) were significantly associated with posterosuperior rotator cuff tears (p ≤ 0.002).

Conclusions:
The metabolic factors of diabetes, BMI, hypo-HDLemia, and metabolic syndrome were significant independent factors associated with the development of posterosuperior rotator cuff tears.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Postoperative Blood Glucose Levels Predict Infection After Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Kheir Michael M. , Tan Timothy L. , Kheir Matthew , Maltenfort Mitchell G. , Chen Antonia F. 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Perioperative hyperglycemia has many etiologies, including medication, impaired glucose tolerance, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, or stress, the latter of which is common in patients postoperatively. Our study investigated the influence of postoperative blood glucose levels on periprosthetic joint infection after elective total joint arthroplasty to determine a threshold for glycemic control for which surgeons should strive during a patient’s hospital stay.

Methods:
A single-institution retrospective review was conducted on 24,857 primary total joint arthroplasties performed from 2001 to 2015. Of these, 13,196 had a minimum follow-up of 1 year (mean, 5.9 years). Postoperative day 1 morning blood glucose levels were utilized and were correlated with periprosthetic joint infection, as defined by the International Consensus Group on Periprosthetic Joint Infection. Multivariable analysis was used to determine the influence of several important covariates on infection. An alpha level of 0.05 was used to determine significance.

Results:
The rate of periprosthetic joint infection increased linearly from blood glucose levels of ≥115 mg/dL. Multivariable analysis revealed that blood glucose levels were significantly associated with periprosthetic joint infection (p = 0.028). The optimal blood glucose threshold to reduce the likelihood of periprosthetic joint infection was 137 mg/dL. The periprosthetic joint infection rate in the entire cohort was 1.59% (1.46% in patients without diabetes compared with 2.39% in patients with diabetes; p = 0.001). There was no significant association between blood glucose level and periprosthetic joint infection in patients with diabetes (p = 0.276), although there was a linear trend.

Conclusions:
The relationship between postoperative blood glucose levels and periprosthetic joint infection increased linearly, with an optimal cutoff of 137 mg/dL. Immediate and strict postoperative glycemic control may be critical in reducing postoperative complications, as even mild hyperglycemia was significantly associated with periprosthetic joint infection.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
It Is All About Value Now: The Data You Need to Collect and How to Do It
Authors: Lieberman Jay R. , Bozic Kevin J. , Mallon William J. , Goldfarb Charles A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract:
Health care has entered an era where value and quality have become more important than just quantity. Patient-reported outcomes are a critical aspect of the value equation. Orthopaedic surgeons will need to demonstrate that their treatment regimens actually are enhancing their patients’ quality of life. In order to do this, the collection of prospective patient-reported outcome data will be critical. For most patients, this will require the use of a general health survey and a disease-specific questionnaire. Currently, most orthopaedic surgeons are not collecting this type of data. The questions are: What types of patient-generated questionnaires can provide the information needed, and how can these data be collected in a cost-effective manner? We will discuss what value means to payers and what the outcome measures are that are selected by various orthopaedic subspecialty societies to evaluate patients who undergo total hip and knee arthroplasty as well as patients with shoulder and knee problems, and we will review potential strategies to collect prospective patient-outcome data in a cost-effective manner in the office.
The relevance of learning and growth in organizations that adopt and do not adopt the BSC- characterization of the cultural profile
Authors: Oliveira Cidalia , Pinho José Carlos , Silva Anabela 
Published: August 2018

Organizational culture plays a key role, as it characterizes the way organizations behave, decide and guide their own success. Nowadays, due to highly competitive environments, performance is considered a leading concept in management. In the same vein, learning and growth are also important in order to fulfill the requirements related to the defined performance. Regarding the global competition that organizations increasingly face, there are a number of strategic measurement tools that support managers in their decisions.
In this sense, the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) with its four perspectives, goes beyond the traditional management indicators as it monitors performance, promotes strategic alignment and fosters organizational communication. To put it another way, BSC is considered one of the most relevant strategic management tools to improve organizational performance. Despite the recognized relevance of this research area, this link of organizational culture with the BSC Learning and Growth perspective is yet unexplored.
This study examines first the differences in organizational culture within organizations with and without the BSC. Second, the study focuses particularly on the learning and growth perspective in organizations with and without the BSC. Results indicate that organizations with the BSC are more receptive to Learning and Growth. A possible explanation for these results may be associated to the multinational level of the sampled organizations, which leverage Learning and Growth in higher proportions.
Soil Test Phosphorus and Phosphorus Availability of Swine Manures with Long‐Term Application
Authors: Hao Xianjun J. , Zhang T.Q. , Wang Y.T. , Tan C.S. , Qi Z.M. , Welacky T. , Hong J.P. 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Net P additions of 9.8 to 16.1 kg ha−1 were needed to increase soil test P by 1 mg kg−1.
Manure P source availability coefficients were 0.99 for liquid manure, 1.08 for solid manure, and 0.97 for composted manure.
The long‐term P availability was identical, regardless of the form of swine manure.
The long‐term availability of P from swine manure was similar to that of chemical fertilizer.
Understanding the form‐specific long‐term effects of manure (liquid, solid, and composted) application on soil P is essential for nutrient management planning. This 8‐yr study aimed to quantify changes in soil test P (STP, Olsen‐P) with application of three forms of swine manure compared with inorganic fertilizer and to calculate the manure P source availability coefficient (PSAC) as the ratio of the specific manure form to inorganic P in providing crop P availability. The STP content increased linearly with both total and net P addition at the surface (0–15 cm) and subsurface (15–30 cm) soil depths, regardless of P source. The slope of STP vs. total or net P addition in the surface layer was steeper for liquid than for solid manure, whereas in the subsurface layer, composted manure showed a greater slope than either liquid or solid manure. The amount of applied P required to increase STP by one unit in the surface layer was 19.9, 15.7, 31.6, and 20.9 kg P ha−1 for inorganic fertilizer and liquid, solid, and composted manure, respectively. When increases in subsoil STP and grain P removal were considered, the net P additions of inorganic fertilizer and liquid, solid, and composted manure needed to increase STP by one unit were 12.2, 9.8, 16.1 and 10.7 kg ha−1, respectively. The PSAC values were 0.99, 1.08, and 0.97 for liquid, solid, and composted manure, respectively. The long‐term availability of swine manure P was largely identical among forms and was similar to that of inorganic fertilizer.
A PROTEÇÃO DO MEIO AMBIENTE NA CONSTITUIÇÃO DE 1988: Do seu Reconhecimento como Direito Fundamental à sua Mitigação? O Desafio do Congresso Nacional Imposto à Autoridade do Supremo Tribunal Federal: o Caso das Vaquejadas
Authors: Guerra Sidney 
Published: August 2018

Não demorou muito e os temas relativos à atividade econômica e a proteção do meio ambiente passaram a figurar como importantes na agenda internacional, levando a própria Organização das Nações Unidas, por meio de sua Assembleia Geral, a propor estudos sobre estas questões, culminando com a produção do Relatório Brundtland, de 1987, que consagrou e estabeleceu os principais aspectos do desenvolvimento sustentável. A partir da publicação do Relatório e os encontros realizados no sistema internacional, a matéria acabou por ser introduzida nos ordenamentos jurídicos de muitos Estados nacionais, a exemplo do Brasil, que passou a ser contemplado no texto constitucional de 1988, inclusive com o seu reconhecimento como direito fundamental.
Apesar disso, evidencia-se não apenas violações sistemáticas ao mesmo, mas a tentativa, por vezes, de tentar mitigar sua proteção chegando-se ao ponto de alterar dispositivos constitucionais para se alcançar o intento, como no recente caso da conhecida “vaquejada”, que produz severos prejuízos aos animais envolvidos.
Who Consumes Firm Disclosures? Evidence from Earnings Conference Calls
Authors: Heinrichs Anne , Park Jihwon , Soltes Eugene F. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Using a set of proprietary records, we examine who consumes quarterly earnings conference calls and under which circumstances the calls are consumed. While there is significant interest in calls by institutional investors and sell-side analysts, we find that investors who do not hold a position in the firm are a leading consumer. We show that buy-side non-holders who consume calls are more likely to hold positions in competitors and to purchase the stock in the future. In addition, many investors who hold large positions only consume calls periodically. We also document a benefit of consuming calls by finding that the consumption of calls is associated with more informed trading decisions. Overall, our investigation illuminates the actual consumption of conference calls by different consumers and the potential benefits of consuming additional firm disclosures.
Novel methods reveal that parallelism contributes to the functional vertical slot dimension in ceramic and metal brackets
Authors: Silver Matthew , Griffin Alfred C. , Azzopardi Lauren , Masoud Mohammed I. , Tokede Oluwabunmi , Griffin Alfred C. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To validate a novel method for measuring the clinically relevant bracket slot and use these methods to test the hypothesis that various metal injection molded (MIM) and esthetic ceramic injection molded (CIM) brackets have a bracket slot accuracy within 1 mil (0.001”) of their reported slot dimension.

Materials and Methods:
A Nikon iNEXIV-VMA-2520 laser microscope was used to measure slots of six series of CIM brackets and two series of MIM brackets via a vision measuring system of 256 gray levels to capture each edge of the slot, largely taking out human subjectivity. This system had a maximum permissible error of 2 + 8 L/1000 μm with a point resolution of 0.1 μm and was estimated to be more accurate than previous methods by a factor of 10. The video image for each bracket was autofocused by a blinded operator, and 40 point-to-line measurements were calculated along the clinical slot and averaged.

Results:
Vertical slot dimension varied from series to series and within the series of brackets. Three of six CIM and two of three MIM brackets had a statistically significant mean slot size 0.001 inches larger than reported. The reported precision of these CIM brackets, as determined from standard deviation, varied from series to series.

Conclusions:
A novel system that incorporates parallelism into analysis of vertical bracket slot dimension was described. When the entire clinically relevant slot was considered, MIM and CIM brackets had similar precision but were significantly oversized, with contribution from a nonparallel, likely diverging, vertical slot dimension.
Effect of continuous versus intermittent orthodontic forces on root resorption: A microcomputed tomography study
Authors: Ozkalayci Nurhat , Karadeniz Ersan Ilsay , Elekdag-Turk Selma , Turk Tamer , Cheng Lam L. , Darendeliler M. Ali 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To compare the extent of root resorption and the amount of tooth movement between continuous orthodontic force and intermittent orthodontic force that was activated in a similar way to a 4-week orthodontic adjustment period.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-five patients who required the extraction of upper first premolars were recruited in this study. A buccally directed continuous force of 150 g was applied to the upper first premolar on one side for 15 weeks. A buccally directed intermittent force (28 days on, 7 days off) of the same magnitude was applied to the contralateral first premolar. The teeth were extracted at the end of the experimental period and processed for volumetric evaluations of resorption craters. The degree of tooth movement and rotation were measured on the study models.

Results:
Continuous force application displayed significantly higher root resorption volume than the intermittent force application (P &lt; .05), particularly on the buccal and lingual surfaces (P &lt; .05) and the middle third of the root (P &lt; .01). There was more tipping and rotational movement in the continuous force group.

Conclusions:
In a 4-week orthodontic adjustment period, intermittent force significantly reduced the amount of root resorption compared with continuous force. Although there was less degree of tooth movement with intermittent force, unwanted rotational movement was avoided. This is crucial in patients who are predisposed to orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption, and the use of this intermittent regimen should be considered.
Space Tethered System Control for Payload Delivery from a Circular Orbit
Authors: Ledkova T. A. , Aslanov V. S. 
Published: August 2018

The article deals with the transportation operation of a payload delivery from a circular orbit using a space-tethered system. The use of the tether allows transferring the payload capsule to the reentry orbit without using the jet fuel. The whole transport operation can be divided into three stages: braking for the payload exit from the original orbit, flight along the elliptical orbit to the boundary of the atmosphere, and reentry. For braking at the first stage, an extended tether is used. Its length varies according to the swing principle. This principle allows us to swing the space tethered system and use the relative speed of the tether return swing to reduce the absolute payload rate at the tether end.The objective of this work is to develop a technique for selecting the parameters of the tether length control law and the moment of the payload separation from the tether, which provides the payload capsule landing taking into account the allowable thermal and dynamic loads at the atmospheric stage of its motion.The paper considers a planar motion of a mechanical system consisting of a satellite, a weightless tether and a payload. Presents equations describing the payload motion at the stages of joint motion, free orbital flight, and reentry. Proposes a technique for selecting the parameters of the tether length control law. As a criterion of efficiency, a functional has been used, which takes into account the dynamic and thermal loads at the atmospheric stage of the payload motion. This functional can be constructed numerically, as a result of a series of numerical calculations, for a system with given mass and geometric parameters. A comparison of the reentry payload using the well-known dynamic law of the tether control and the law based on the swing principle was carried out within the framework of research activities. It was shown that in the problem of the payload delivery from a circular orbit, the swing principle is more effective than dynamic deployment. The optimum value of the control law parameter is at the border concerning the tether deployment speed.The obtained results can be used at the design stage of space transportation systems containing extended tethers.
Sacubitril/valsartan or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Zacà Valerio 
Published: August 2018

Aims
The availability of novel drugs might affect the modern interplay between pharmacological and device therapy of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of sacubitril/valsartan as compared with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) on top of optimal medical therapy in patients with HFrEF.

Methods
Data from 2000 adults with demographic and clinical characteristics similar to those in the PARADIGM-HF were derived as inputs for a four-state Markov model simulated HFrEF. Probabilities of all-cause mortality, heart failure hospitalization and ICD-related complications along with quality of life data and costs, discounted at 3%, from an Italian healthcare payer perspective were projected over a 10-year time horizon. Sensitivity analyses on key inputs were performed.

Results
According to the model, sacubitril/valsartan would lead to 5.85 life years saved, whilst reducing by more than 20% the risk of heart failure hospitalizations for 1000 patients with HFrEF over 10 years. Estimated incremental costs with sacubitril/valsartan were −€13 302 associated with incremental 0.14 quality-adjusted life years gained, yielding an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of −€98 500 per quality-adjusted life year gained for the base-case consistent with a dominant, cost-saving and clinically superior treatment strategy. Sacubitril/valsartan was dominant in more than 80% of the scenarios explored with sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion
The findings of this model suggest that in patients with HFrEF sacubitril/valsartan would be cost-effective by increasing survival at lower costs compared with an ICD. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the cost-effectiveness of sacubitril/valsartan that remained dominant across most of the ranges of the variables tested.