bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distal major pedicle of sartorius muscle flap: Anatomical study and its clinical implications
Authors: Manjunath K. N. , Venkatesh M. S. , Shivaprasad Ashwini 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: Reconstruction of the popliteal region has limited option in terms of muscle flaps or myocutaneous flaps. Gastrocnemius muscle or the myocutaneous flaps are the option for majority of cases. However, reach of Gastrocnemius is limited if the wound is on the distal one-third thigh or the lateral aspect of knee region. Similarly, if the wound injures the muscle, then coverage becomes all the more difficult. Although inferiorly based fasciocutaneous flaps can cover the wound in case of bony injuries, muscle flaps are beneficial as they help in fracture healing. However, in cases with direct gastrocnemius muscle injury or if the wound on the distal one-third thigh or the lateral aspect then the options of muscle flaps is limited. An inferiorly based sartorius muscle can be one suitable alternative to cover this region. Aims and Objective: The aim is to devise an inferiorly based sartorius muscle flap for coverage of lower thigh, popliteal and upper one-third leg region. Objectives: (1) To identify the location of distal major (largest diameter) pedicle in cadavers and its clinical application. (2) To determine the arc of rotation with distal major pedicle as pivot point. Methods: Ten Cadavers and 20 sartorius muscle dissected out. Prior silicone injection onto the femoral vessels was done to identify the location of the perforators for the sartorius muscle. The distance of perforators from anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) measured and the diameter of each perforator by transverse cut measured using callipers. In clinical cases, the arc of rotation was measured by keeping the distal perforator intact as pedicle (detaching the muscle from the ASIS without detaching from the insertion and then rotating it). Results: Out of the 10 cadavers analysed, 6 were male and 4 were female. The mean location of the distal major pedicle was at 35.25 cm from ASIS and range was between 30.4 cm to 38.3 cm. There was no significant variation between right and left limbs in individual cadaver (range 0.2 cm–1.6 cm). The mean diameter of the arterial component of distal major pedicle was 1.54 mm. In three clinical cases where this flap was harvested the arc of rotation were 95°, 110°, 125°. In one of the cases where flap was used to cover the tibial plateau (arc of rotation 155°), distal end of the muscle necrosed. Conclusion: This cadaver study supported by various other studies show that it has sizeable distal pedicle based on which whole muscle can be harvested as flap. In our study, the usual location of this pedicle is at 35 cm from ASIS. The mean diameter of the widest pedicle in distal one-third was 1.54 mm which along with other small diameter pedicle can support the entire muscle. This flap reached up to the infrapatellar region without any vascular compromise.
Is multiple session of intralesional bleomycin mandatory for complete resolution of macrocystic lymphatic malformation?
Authors: Upadhyaya Vijai Datta , Bhatnagar Ankur , Kumar Basant , Neyaz Zafar , Kishore J. S. , Sthapak Eti 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: Intralesional bleomycin scelro-therapy has become a favored line of treatment for macrocystic lymphatic malformations. However the need for multiple sessions is a drawback associated with this treatment modality. Our aim is to document whether multiple session of intra-lesional sclero-therapy is necessary for complete resolution of cystic lymphatic malformation. Method: Intralesional bleomycin under Ultrasound guidance was used for macrocystic lymphangioma at concentration of 3mg/ml but not exceeding the total dose (1mg/kg) body weight for single session or cumulative dose of 5mg/kg. In all cases intralesional sclerosant (ILS) was installed under proper aseptic precaution in operation theatre in general anesthesia or sedation depending on the site or size of lesion and age of the patient. Age of patients at the time of enrolment in study ranged from 3 months to 18 years. Clinical examination was the main stay of diagnosis which was supplemented by USG and/or computed tomography. Compression of the lesion site was done for few hours wherever it was possible after the ILS session. Result: A total of 21 patients included in our study. The age ranged from 3 months to 18 years. Male to female ratio was 8:13. The most common site of involvement was neck and axilla followed by anterior chest wall and nape of the neck. Complete resolution after single session was observed in 90.5% cases where as surgery was required in 9.5% case. Major complication was observed in one patient, who had intralesional bleeding which was managed conservatively. Transient pain and fever was observed in 23.8% of cases. Only two patient required surgical intervention where one had persistent subcutaneous fibrotic nodule and other one did not respond to ILS. Conclusion: Intralesional bleomycin is an effective treatment for macrocystic lesion, and complete resolution may be achieved by single session of ILS if proper principle are followed.
Use of a plastic eraser for ear reconstruction training
Authors: Erdogan Basar , Morioka Daichi , Hamada Taishi , Kusano Taro , Win Khin Malar 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: Microtia reconstruction is a challenging procedure, especially in developing nations. The most complex part is learning how to fabricate a framework from costal cartilage. We herein propose a training regimen for ear reconstruction with the use of a plastic eraser. Materials and Methods: The texture of a plastic eraser made from polyvinyl chloride is similar to that of human costal cartilage. The first step of the training is carving out the sixth through eighth rib cartilages from a block of plastic eraser. The second step is a fabrication of the framework from plastic rib cartilages, referring to a template from the intact auricle. Results: As plastic erasers are inexpensive and universally available, inexperienced surgeons can repeatedly perform this framework training. Following several of these training sessions in developing nations, the co-authors and local surgeons successfully performed their microtia reconstructions in a reasonable operative time. Conclusions: This realistic carving model allows surgeons to gain experience before performing an actual ear reconstruction, even in resource-constrained circumstances.
Scalp expansion: Surgical considerations and possible future directions
Authors: Raposio Edoardo 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Repairing large scalp defects has always been a difficult task for plastic surgeons. This is because the requirements of such procedures are two-fold: sufficient soft-tissue coverage is required, and to obtain a satisfactory aesthetic outcome, a sufficient number of covering hairs should be ideally provided. Materials and Methods: Based on the author's experience in this repair technique over a 20-year period, this article presents some technical details of scalp expansion, surgical refinements and possible directions for further technical advancement. Results: Data and details on relevant scalp anatomy, expander choice, expander placement, subgaleal undermining, galeotomies and acute scalp expansion are provided. Conclusions: The author hopes that the above-mentioned details may be of some utility in the complex field of scalp expansion.
Autologous emulsified fat injection for rejuvenation of scars: A prospective observational study
Authors: Bhooshan Lekshmi S. , Devi M. Geetha , Aniraj R. , Binod P. , Lekshmi M. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: The skin rejuvenation potential of the autologous emulsified nanofat was studied by Tonnard et al. in 2013. This property is due to the viable adipose-derived stem cells present in the nanofat; although, there are no viable adipocytes. The aim of this study was to determine the aesthetic outcome of autologous emulsified nanofat injection in scars using a standardised and validated Patient Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) and photographs. Materials and Methods: A total of 34 patients with scars of varied aetiologies were included in the study as per inclusion criteria. Pre-operative scoring of the scars with the POSAS scale was done, and photographs were taken. Fat aspiration was done from the lower abdominal wall using syringe liposuction under tumescent anaesthesia. The lipoaspirate was mechanically emulsified, filtered and injected intralesionally into the scar using 26G needle and insulin syringe. Post-operative scar reassessment was done at 3 months with the POSAS scale score and photographs. The improvement in scar characteristics and symptoms were tested statistically using a paired t-test. Pre-operative and post-operative photographic comparison was also done. Results: Out of the 34 patients included in the study, male:female ratio was 22:12. Majority (79.4%) had post-traumatic facial scars. On statistical analysis, there was statistically significant improvement in symptoms such as pain (P = 0.001), itching (P = 0.001), stiffness (P = 0.001), thickness (P = 0.001), colour (P = 0.001), irregularity (P = 0.001) and scar characteristics such as vascularity (P = 0.005), relief (P = 0.001), pliability (P = 0.001), thickness (P = 0.001) and pigmentation (P = 0.001) 3 months after injection. The photographic comparison also showed good aesthetic outcome. Conclusion: Autologous emulsified nanofat injection is effective in improving the scar characteristics as well as symptoms and helps in scar rejuvenation.
Combination of arginine, glutamine, and omega-3 fatty acid supplements for perioperative enteral nutrition in surgical patients with gastric adenocarcinoma or gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
Authors: Ma C , Tsai H , Su W , Sun L , Shih Y , Wang J 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Perioperative enteral nutrition (EN) enriched with immune-modulating substrates is preferable for patients undergoing major abdominal cancer surgery. In this study, perioperative EN enriched with immune-modulating nutrients such as arginine, glutamine, and omega-3 fatty acids was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory efficacy in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma or gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) receiving curative surgery.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective, randomized, double-blind study recruited 34 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma or gastric GIST undergoing elective curative surgery. These patients were randomly assigned to the study group, receiving immune-modulating nutrient-enriched EN, or the control group, receiving standard EN from 3 days before surgery (preoperative day 3) to up to postoperative day 14 or discharge. Laboratory and inflammatory parameters were assessed on preoperative day 3 and postoperative day 14 or at discharge. Adverse events (AEs) and clinical outcomes were documented daily and compared between groups.

Results:
No significant differences were observed between the two groups in selected laboratory and inflammatory parameters, or in their net change, before and after treatment. AEs and clinical outcomes, including infectious complications, overall complications, time to first bowel action, and length of hospital stay after surgery, were comparable between treatment groups (all P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Immune-modulating nutrient-enriched EN had no prominent immunomodulation effect compared with that of standard EN.
Impacts of biogenic and anthropogenic emissions on summertime ozone formation in the Guanzhong Basin, China
Authors: Li Nan , He Qingyang , Greenberg Jim , Guenther Alex , Li Jingyi , Cao Junji , Wang Jun , Liao Hong , Wang Qiyuan , Zhang Qiang 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This study is the first attempt to understand the synergistic impact
of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions on summertime
ozone (O3) formation in the Guanzhong (GZ) Basin where Xi'an, the oldest and the most populous city (with
a population of 9 million) in northwestern China, is located. Month-long (August 2011) WRF-Chem simulations with
different sensitivity experiments were conducted and compared with near-surface measurements. Biogenic volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) concentrations was characterized from six surface sites among the Qinling Mountains, and urban air
composition was measured in Xi'an city at a tower 100 ma.s. The WRF-Chem control experiment reasonably
reproduced the magnitudes and variations of observed O3, VOCs, NOx, PM2.5, and
meteorological parameters, with normalized mean biases for each parameter within ±21 %. Subsequent analysis
employed the factor separation approach (FSA) to quantitatively disentangle the pure and synergistic impacts of
anthropogenic and/or biogenic sources on summertime O3 formation. The impact of anthropogenic sources alone was
found to be dominant for O3 formation. Although anthropogenic particles reduced NO2 photolysis by up
to 60 %, the anthropogenic sources contributed 19.1 ppb O3 formation on average for urban Xi'an. The
abundant biogenic VOCs from the nearby forests promoted O3 formation in urban areas by interacting with the
anthropogenic NOx. The calculated synergistic contribution (from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources) was
up to 14.4 ppb in urban Xi'an, peaking in the afternoon. Our study reveals that the synergistic impact of
individual source contributions to O3 formation should be considered in the formation of air pollution control
strategies, especially for big cities in the vicinity of forests.
Gas chromatography using ice-coated fused silica columns: study of adsorption of sulfur dioxide on water ice
Authors: Langenberg Stefan , Schurath Ulrich 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The well established technique of gas chromatography is used to investigate interactions of sulfur dioxide with a crystalline ice film in a fused silica wide bore column. Peak shape analysis of SO2 chromatograms measured in the temperature range 205–265 K is applied to extract parameters describing a combination of three processes: (i) physisorption of SO2 at the surface, (ii) dissociative reaction with water and (iii) slow uptake into bulk ice. Process (ii) is described by a dissociative Langmuir isotherm. The pertinent monolayer saturation capacity is found to increase with temperature. The impact of process (iii) on SO2 peak retention time is found to be negligible under our experimental conditions.By analyzing binary chromatograms of hydrophobic n-hexane and hydrophilic acetone, the premelt surface layer is investigated in the temperature range 221–263 K, possibly giving rise to irregular adsorption. Both temperature dependencies fit simple van't Hoff equations as expected for process (i), implying that irregular adsorption of acetone is negligible in the investigated temperature range. Adsorption enthalpies of −45 ± 5 and −23±2 kJ mol−1 are obtained for acetone and n-hexane.The motivation of our study was to assess the vertical displacement of SO2 and acetone in the wake of aircraft by adsorption on ice particles and their subsequent sedimentation. Our results suggest that this transport mechanism is negligible.
Identification of organic hydroperoxides and peroxy acids using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (APCI-MS/MS): application to secondary organic aerosol
Authors: Zhou Shouming , Rivera-Rios Jean C. , Keutsch Frank N. , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Molecules with hydroperoxide functional groups are of extreme importance to both the atmospheric and biological chemistry fields. In this work, an analytical method is presented for the identification of organic hydroperoxides and peroxy acids (ROOH) by direct infusion of liquid samples into a positive-ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–tandem mass spectrometer ((+)-APCI-MS/MS). Under collisional dissociation conditions, a characteristic neutral loss of 51 Da (arising from loss of H2O2+NH3) from ammonium adducts of the molecular ions ([M + NH4]+) is observed for ROOH standards (i.e. cumene hydroperoxide, isoprene-4-hydroxy-3-hydroperoxide (ISOPOOH), tert-butyl hydroperoxide, 2-butanone peroxide and peracetic acid), as well as the ROOH formed from the reactions of H2O2 with aldehydes (i.e. acetaldehyde, hexanal, glyoxal and methylglyoxal). This new ROOH detection method was applied to methanol extracts of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) material generated from ozonolysis of α-pinene, indicating a number of ROOH molecules in the SOA material. While the full-scan mass spectrum of SOA demonstrates the presence of monomers (m∕z = 80–250), dimers (m∕z = 250–450) and trimers (m∕z = 450–600), the neutral loss scan shows that the ROOH products all have masses less than 300 Da, indicating that ROOH molecules may not contribute significantly to the SOA oligomeric content. We anticipate this method could also be applied to biological systems with considerable value.
Carbon dioxide retrieval from OCO-2 satellite observations using the RemoTeC algorithm and validation with TCCON measurements
Authors: Wu Lianghai , Hasekamp Otto , Hu Haili , Landgraf Jochen , Butz Andre , aan de Brugh Joost , Aben Ilse , Pollard Dave F. , Griffith David W. T. , Feist Dietrich G. , Koshelev Dmitry , Hase Frank , Toon Geoffrey C. , Ohyama Hirofumi , Morino Isamu , Notholt Justus , Shiomi Kei , Iraci Laura , Schneider Matthias , de Mazière Martine , Sussmann Ralf , Kivi Rigel , Warneke Thorsten , Goo Tae-Young , Té Yao 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In this study we present the retrieval of the column-averaged dry air mole fraction of carbon dioxide (XCO2) from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite observations using the RemoTeC algorithm, previously successfully applied to retrieval of greenhouse gas concentration from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). The XCO2 product has been validated with collocated ground-based measurements from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) for almost 2 years of OCO-2 data from September 2014 to July 2016. We found that fitting an additive radiometric offset in all three spectral bands of OCO-2 significantly improved the retrieval. Based on a small correlation of the XCO2 error over land with goodness of fit, we applied an a posteriori bias correction to our OCO-2 retrievals. In overpass averaged results, XCO2 retrievals have an SD of  ∼ 1.30 ppm and a station-to-station variability of  ∼ 0.40 ppm among collocated TCCON sites. The seasonal relative accuracy (SRA) has a value of 0.52 ppm. The validation shows relatively larger difference with TCCON over high-latitude areas and some specific regions like Japan.
Low cost, multiscale and multi-sensor application for flooded area mapping
Authors: Giordan Daniele , Notti Davide , Villa Alfredo , Zucca Francesco , Calò Fabiana , Pepe Antonio , Dutto Furio , Pari Paolo , Baldo Marco , Allasia Paolo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Flood mapping and estimation of the maximum water depth are essential
elements for the first damage evaluation, civil protection intervention
planning and detection of areas where remediation is needed. In this work, we present and discuss a methodology for mapping and
quantifying flood severity over floodplains. The proposed methodology
considers a multiscale and multi-sensor approach using free or low-cost
data and sensors. We applied this method to the November 2016 Piedmont
(northwestern
Italy) flood. We first mapped the flooded areas at the basin scale using
free satellite data from low- to medium-high-resolution from both the SAR
(Sentinel-1, COSMO-Skymed) and multispectral sensors (MODIS, Sentinel-2).
Using very- and ultra-high-resolution images from the low-cost aerial
platform and remotely piloted aerial system, we refined the flooded zone and
detected the most damaged sector. The presented method considers both
urbanised and non-urbanised areas. Nadiral images have several
limitations, in particular in urbanised areas, where the use of terrestrial
images solved this limitation. Very- and ultra-high-resolution images were
processed with structure from motion (SfM) for the realisation of 3-D
models. These data, combined with an available digital terrain model,
allowed us to obtain maps of the flooded area, maximum high water area and
damaged infrastructures.
EFFECTS OF MIXING PARAMETERS AND THEIR INTERACTIONS ON PROPERTIES OF CARBON BLACK FILLED STYRENE-BUTADIENE RUBBER
Authors: Narongthong Jirawat , Sae-Oui Pongdhorn , Sirisinha Chakrit 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
The effects of various mixing parameters on state-of-mix and vulcanizate properties of carbon black filled styrene-butadiene rubber prepared by an intermeshing-rotor internal mixer were observed. The parameters studied include mixing time, rotor speed, fill factor, and filler loading. The interactions between these parameters are also focused. To do this, the mixing parameters are changed simultaneously, and the data are analyzed using response surface methodology. Results reveal that the dispersion index, Payne effect, and tensile properties are not linearly related to mixing time and filler loading but are linearly related to rotor speed and fill factor. The effect of mixing time on dispersion index and Payne effect depends strongly on the levels of rotor speed and filler loading. Increasing the rotor speed or filler loading reduces the effect of mixing time on dispersion index and, thus, on the Payne effect. Among the four parameters, filler loading shows the strongest effect on tensile strength (TS) and modulus at 100% elongation (M100). In addition, the effect of filler loading on the tensile properties depends mainly on the levels of mixing time and fill factor, for example, increasing of fill factor reduces the effect of filler loading on both TS and M100.
Simultaneous Preconcentration and Determination of Brilliant Blue and Sunset Yellow in Foodstuffs by Solid-Phase Extraction Combined UV-Vis Spectrophotometry
Authors: Bişgin Abdullah Taner 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background: Brilliant Blue and Sunset Yellow, two highly water-soluble synthetic food dyes, are the most popular food dyes used and consumed. Although they are not highly toxic, some health problems can be observed when excessive amounts of food products containing these dyes are consumed. Objectives: The aim of the study was to develop a simultaneous UV-Vis combined solid-phase extraction method, based on the adsorption onto Amberlite XAD-8 resin, for determination of Brilliant Blue and Sunset Yellow dyes. Methods: Sample solution was poured into the reservoir of the column and permitted to gravitationally pass through the column at 2 mL/min flow rate. Adsorbed dyes were eluted to 5 mL of final volume with 1 mol/L HNO3 in ethanol solution by applying a 2 mL/min flow rate. Dye concentrations of the solution were determined at 483 and 630 nm for Sunset Yellow and Brilliant Blue, respectively. Results: The detection limits of the method for Brilliant Blue and Sunset Yellow were determined as 0.13 and 0.66 ng/mL, respectively. Preconcentration factor was 80. Brilliant Blue contents of real food samples were found to be between 11 and 240 μg/g. Sunset Yellow concentrations of foodstuffs were determined to be between 19 and 331 μg/g. Conclusions: Economical, effective, and simple simultaneous determination of Brilliant Blue and Sunset Yellow was achieved by using a solid-phase extraction combined UV-Vis spectrometry method. Highlights: The method is applicable and suitable for routine analysis in quality control laboratories without the need for expert personnel and high operational costs because the instrumentation is simple and inexpensive.