bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in Local and Systemic Pro-Inflammatory Immune Markers of Wild Wood Mice after Anthelmintic Treatment
Authors: Rynkiewicz Evelyn C , Clerc Melanie , Babayan Simon A , Pedersen Amy B 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe immune system represents a host’s main defense against infection to parasites and pathogens. In the wild, a host’s response to immune challenges can vary due to physiological condition, demography (age, sex), and coinfection by other parasites or pathogens. These sources of variation, which are intrinsic to natural populations, can significantly impact the strength and type of immune responses elicited after parasite exposure and infection. Importantly, but often neglected, a host’s immune response can also vary within the individual, across tissues and between local and systemic scales. Consequently, how a host responds at each scale may impact its susceptibility to concurrent and subsequent infections. Here we analyzed how characteristics of hosts and their parasite infections drive variation in the pro-inflammatory immune response in wild wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) at both the local and systemic scale by experimentally manipulating within-host parasite communities through anthelmintic drug treatment. We measured concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) produced in vitro in response to a panel of toll-like receptor agonists at the local (mesenteric lymph nodes [MLNs]) and systemic (spleen) scales of individuals naturally infected with two gastrointestinal parasites, the nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus and the protozoan Eimeria hungaryensis. Anthelmintic-treated mice had a 20-fold lower worm burden compared to control mice, as well as a four-fold higher intensity of the non-drug targeted parasite E. hungaryensis. Anthelmintic treatment differentially impacted levels of TNF-α expression in males and females at the systemic and local scales, with treated males producing higher, and treated females lower, levels of TNF-α, compared to control mice. Also, TNF-α was affected by host age, at the local scale, with MLN cells of young, treated mice producing higher levels of TNF-α than those of old, treated mice. Using complementary, but distinct, measures of inflammation measured across within-host scales allowed us to better assess the wood mouse immune response to changes in parasite infection dynamics after anthelmintic treatment. This same approach could be used to understand helminth infections and responses to parasite control measures in other systems in order to gain a broader view of how variation impacts the immune response.
Brexpiprazole as Adjunctive Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder Following Treatment Failure With at Least One Antidepressant in the Current Episode: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kishi Taro , Sakuma Kenji , Nomura Ikuo , Matsuda Yuki , Mishima Kazuo , Iwata Nakao 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
This systematic review and meta-analysis included double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of brexpiprazole adjunctive treatment (0.5–3 mg/d) for major depressive disorder where antidepressant treatment had failed.

Methods
The outcomes were the response rate (primary), remission rate (secondary), Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale score (secondary), Sheehan Disability Scale scores (secondary), Clinical Global Impression–Improvement/Severity scores, discontinuation rate, and individual adverse events. A subgroup meta-analysis of the data at week 6 compared outcomes by dose >2 mg/d or ≤2 mg/d (2 mg/d is the recommended dose).

Results
We identified 9 studies (n = 3391). Compared with placebo, brexpiprazole (any dose) was superior for response rate (risk ratio [RR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.89−0.97, number needed to treat = 17), remission rate (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.93−0.98, number needed to treat = 25), Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale score (standardized mean difference = −0.20, 95% CI = −0.29, −0.11), Sheehan Disability Scale score (standardized mean difference = −0.12, 95% CI = −0.21, −0.04), and Clinical Global Impression–Improvement/Severity scores but was associated with a higher discontinuation rate, akathisia, insomnia, restlessness, somnolence, and weight increase. Doses >2 mg/d had a significantly higher RR for response rate than ≤2 mg/d (0.96 vs 0.89); moreover, compared with placebo, doses >2 mg/d were associated with higher incidences of akathisia (RR = 4.58) and somnolence (RR = 7.56) as well as were marginally associated with a higher incidence of weight increase (RR = 3.14, P = .06). Compared with placebo, doses ≤2 mg/d were associated with higher incidences of akathisia (RR = 2.28) and weight increase (RR = 4.50).

Conclusions
Brexpiprazole adjunctive treatment is effective for major depressive disorder when antidepressant treatment fails. At 6 weeks, doses ≤2 mg/d presented a better risk/benefit balance than >2 mg/d.
A patient and family reporting system for perceived ambulatory note mistakes: experience at 3 U.S. healthcare centers
Authors: Bourgeois Fabienne C , Fossa Alan , Gerard Macda , Davis Marion E , Taylor Yhenneko J , Connor Crystal D , Vaden Tracela , McWilliams Andrew , Spencer Melanie D , Folcarelli Patricia , Bell Sigall K 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
The study sought to test a patient and family online reporting system for perceived ambulatory visit note inaccuracies.

Materials and Methods
We implemented a patient and family electronic reporting system at 3 U.S. healthcare centers: a northeast urban academic adult medical center (AD), a northeast urban academic pediatric medical center (PED), and a southeast nonprofit hospital network (NET). Patients and families reported potential documentation inaccuracies after reading primary care and subspecialty visit notes. Results were characterized using descriptive statistics and coded for clinical relevance.

Results
We received 1440 patient and family reports (780 AD, 402 PED, and 258 NET), and 27% of the reports identified a potential inaccuracy (25% AD, 35% PED, 28% NET). Among these, patients and families indicated that the potential inaccuracy was important or very important in 58% of reports (55% AD, 55% PED, 71% NET). The most common types of potential inaccuracies included description of symptoms (21%), past medical problems (21%), medications (18%), and important information that was missing (15%). Most patient- and family-reported inaccuracies resulted in a change to care or to the medical record (55% AD, 67% PED, data not available at NET).

Discussion
About one-quarter of patients and families using an online reporting system identified potential documentation inaccuracies in visit notes and more than half were considered important by patients and clinicians, underscoring the potential role of patients and families as ambulatory safety partners.

Conclusions
Partnering with patients and families to obtain reports on inaccuracies in visit notes may contribute to safer care. Mechanisms to encourage greater use of patient and family reporting systems are needed.
A Systematic Review of Solid-Phase Microextraction Applications in the Forensic Context
Authors: De Giovanni Nadia , Marchetti Daniela 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSince the introduction in 1990, the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technology has brought significant progress in many fields of forensic sciences due to the versatility of this fast and solventless alternative to conventional extraction techniques.A systematic review about SPME applications in forensic context from January 1995 to June 2018 was carried out according to systematic review guidelines. The majority of the reviewed articles (40/133) aimed to identify drugs (cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates, amphetamines, simultaneous detection of different drugs of abuse, prescribed drugs); 29 of the 133 articles focused on the investigation of fatalities; 28 of the 133 papers used headspace SPME technique for the identification of markers of chronic alcohol abuse. Sixteen papers involved this technique for the isolation of volatile organic compounds for the human odor profile and 20 concerned forensic applications regarding living people.Solid-phase microextraction was preferably employed in the headspace mode and many kinds of fibers were employed, although polydimethylsiloxane was the most adaptable to many forensic realities. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was more frequently used, probably for the well-established coupling with SPME. Most of the papers validated their method to harmonize the scientific approaches of procedures development.Good outcomes are reported on biological material collected from living people as well as on cadaveric samples. The results obtained by most of the studies about alcohol biomarkers on scalp hair have been adopted by the “Society of Hair Testing” to demonstrate abstinence over a pre-defined time period and to assess chronic excessive alcohol consumption.
Cameras Everywhere Revisited: How Digital Technologies and Social Media Aid and Inhibit Human Rights Documentation and Advocacy
Authors: Gregory Sam 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Pessimism currently prevails around human rights globally, as well as about the impact of digital technology and social media in supporting rights. However, there have been key successes in the use of these tools for documentation and advocacy in the past decade, including greater participation, more documentation, and growth of new fields around citizen evidence and fact-finding. Governments and others antagonistic to human rights have caught up in terms of weaponizing the affordances of the internet and pushing back on rights actors. Key challenges to be grappled with are consistent with ones that have existed for a decade but are exacerbated now—how to protect and enhance safety of vulnerable people and provide agency over visibility and anonymity; how to ensure and improve trust and credibility of human rights documentation and advocacy campaigning; and how to identify and use new strategies that optimize for a climate of volume of media, declining trust in traditional sources, and active strategies of distraction and misinformation. All of these activities take place primarily within a set of platforms that are governed by commercial imperatives and attention-based algorithms, and that increasingly use unaccountable content moderation processes driven by artificial intelligence. The article argues for a pragmatic approach to harm reduction within the platforms and tools that are used by a diverse range of human rights defenders, and for a proactive engagement on ensuring that an inclusive human rights perspective is centred in responses to new challenges at a global level within a multipolar world as well as specific areas of challenge and opportunity such as fake news and authenticity, deepfakes, use of artificial intelligence to find and make sense of information, virtual reality, and how we ensure effective solidarity activism. Solutions and usages in these areas must avoid causing inadvertent as well as deliberate harms to already marginalized people.
Dually hemimorphic semi-Nelson algebras
Authors: Cornejo Juan Manuel , San MartÍn HernÁn Javier 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExtending the relation between semi-Heyting algebras and semi-Nelson algebras to dually hemimorphic semi-Heyting algebras, we introduce and study the variety of dually hemimorphic semi-Nelson algebras and some of its subvarieties. In particular, we prove that the category of dually hemimorphic semi-Heyting algebras is equivalent to the category of dually hemimorphic centered semi-Nelson algebras. We also study the lattice of congruences of a dually hemimorphic semi-Nelson algebra through some of its deductive systems.
Family-Based Consent to Organ Transplantation: A Cross-Cultural Exploration
Authors: Cherry Mark J , Fan Ruiping , Evans Kelly Kate 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This special thematic issue of The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy brings together a cross-cultural set of scholars from Asia, Europe, and North America critically to explore foundational questions of familial authority and the implications of such findings for organ procurement policies designed to increase access to transplantation. The substantial disparity between the available supply of human organs and demand for organ transplantation creates significant pressure to manipulate public policy to increase organ procurement. As the articles in this issue explore, however, even if well intentioned, the desire to maximize organ procurement does not justify undermining foundational elements of human flourishing, such as the family. While defending at times quite different understandings of autonomy, informed consent, and familial authority, each author makes clear that a principled appreciation of the family is necessary. Otherwise, health care practice will treat the family in a cynical and instrumental fashion unlikely to support social or individual good.
Human Being, Bodily Being: Phenomenology from Classical India, by Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad
Authors: Prueitt Catherine 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the matter of the body, even comparative language—the very use of English today—is soaked through and through with the Cartesian version of the intuition of dualism: the idea that we are fundamentally a mind and a body that must be either related ingeniously, or else reduced to one another. Instead, by deliberately looking at genres that pertain to other aspects of being human, I seek to go deeper into texts that simply start elsewhere than with intuitions of dualism, even while being engrossed in the category of the experiential ‘body’ (in all its translational variety in Sanskrit and Pali). (Ram-Prasad 2018, p. 11)
Cryptococcosis in pregnancy and the postpartum period: Case series and systematic review with recommendations for management
Authors: Pastick Katelyn A , Nalintya Elizabeth , Tugume Lillian , Ssebambulidde Kenneth , Stephens Nicole , Evans Emily E , Ndyetukira Jane Frances , Nuwagira Edwin , Skipper Caleb , Muzoora Conrad , Meya David B , Rhein Joshua , Boulware David R , Rajasingham Radha 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Cryptococcal meningitis causes 15% of AIDS-related deaths. Optimal management and clinical outcomes of pregnant women with cryptococcosis are limited to case reports, as pregnant women are often excluded from research. Amongst pregnant women with asymptomatic cryptococcosis, no treatment guidelines exist. We prospectively identified HIV-infected women who were pregnant or recently pregnant with cryptococcosis, screened during a series of meningitis research studies in Uganda from 2012 to 2018. Among 571 women screened for cryptococcosis, 13 were pregnant, one was breastfeeding, three were within 14 days postpartum, and two had recently miscarried. Of these 19 women (3.3%), 12 had cryptococcal meningitis, six had cryptococcal antigenemia, and one had a history of cryptococcal meningitis and was receiving secondary prophylaxis. All women with meningitis received amphotericin B deoxycholate (0.7–1.0 mg/kg). Five were exposed to 200–800 mg fluconazole during pregnancy. Of these five, three delivered healthy babies with no gross physical abnormalities at birth, one succumbed to meningitis, and one outcome was unknown. Maternal meningitis survival rate at hospital discharge was 75% (9/12), and neonatal/fetal survival rate was 44% (4/9) for those mothers who survived. Miscarriages and stillbirths were common (n = 4). Of six women with cryptococcal antigenemia, two received fluconazole, one received weekly amphotericin B, and three had unknown treatment courses. All women with antigenemia survived, and none developed clinical meningitis. We report good maternal outcomes but poor fetal outcomes for cryptococcal meningitis using amphotericin B, without fluconazole in the first trimester, and weekly amphotericin B in place of fluconazole for cryptococcal antigenemia.
New constraints on red-spiral galaxies from their kinematics in clusters of galaxies
Authors: Hamabata Akinari , Oogi Taira , Oguri Masamune , Nishimichi Takahiro , Nagashima Masahiro 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe distributions of the pairwise line-of-sight velocity between galaxies and their host clusters are segregated according to the galaxy’s colour and morphology. We investigate the velocity distribution of red-spiral galaxies, which represents a rare population within galaxy clusters. We find that the probability distribution function of the pairwise line-of-sight velocity vlos between red-spiral galaxies and galaxy clusters has a dip at vlos = 0, which is a very odd feature, at 93 per cent confidence level. To understand its origin, we construct a model of the phase-space distribution of galaxies surrounding galaxy clusters in three-dimensional space by using cosmological N-body simulations. We adopt a two component model that consists of the infall component, which corresponds to galaxies that are now falling into galaxy clusters, and the splashback component, which corresponds to galaxies that are on their first (or more) orbit after falling into galaxy clusters. We find that we can reproduce the distribution of the line-of-sight velocity of red-spiral galaxies with the dip with a very simple assumption that red-spiral galaxies reside predominantly in the infall component, regardless of the choice of the functional form of their spatial distribution. Our results constrain the quenching time-scale of red-spiral galaxies to a few Gyr, and the radius where the morphological transformation is effective as $r \sim 0.2 \, h^{-1 } \, \rm {Mpc}$.
Comparing Multiclass, Binary, and Hierarchical Machine Learning Classification schemes for variable stars
Authors: Hosenie Zafiirah , Lyon Robert J , Stappers Benjamin W , Mootoovaloo Arrykrishna 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTUpcoming synoptic surveys are set to generate an unprecedented amount of data. This requires an automatic framework that can quickly and efficiently provide classification labels for several new object classification challenges. Using data describing 11 types of variable stars from the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey (CRTS), we illustrate how to capture the most important information from computed features and describe detailed methods of how to robustly use information theory for feature selection and evaluation. We apply three machine learning algorithms and demonstrate how to optimize these classifiers via cross-validation techniques. For the CRTS data set, we find that the random forest classifier performs best in terms of balanced accuracy and geometric means. We demonstrate substantially improved classification results by converting the multiclass problem into a binary classification task, achieving a balanced-accuracy rate of ∼99 per cent for the classification of δ Scuti and anomalous Cepheids. Additionally, we describe how classification performance can be improved via converting a ‘flat multiclass’ problem into a hierarchical taxonomy. We develop a new hierarchical structure and propose a new set of classification features, enabling the accurate identification of subtypes of Cepheids, RR Lyrae, and eclipsing binary stars in CRTS data.
Testing a quintessence model with Yukawa interaction from cosmological observations and N-body simulations
Authors: An Rui , Costa André A , Xiao Linfeng , Zhang Jiajun , Wang Bin 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
We consider a quintessence model with Yukawa interaction between dark energy and dark matter and constrain this model by employing the recent cosmological data including the updated cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements from Planck 2015, the weak gravitational lensing measurements from Kilo Degree Survey (KiDS), and redshift-space distortions. We find that an interaction in the dark sector is compatible with observations. The updated Planck data can significantly improve the constraints compared with the previous results from Planck 2013, while the KiDS data have less constraining power than Planck. The Yukawa interaction model is found to be moderately favoured by Planck and able to alleviate the discordance between weak lensing measurements and CMB measurements as previously inferred from the standard Lambda cold dark matter model. N-body simulations for Yukawa interaction model is also performed. We find that using the halo density profile is plausible to improve the constraints significantly in the future.
An unusual transient following the short GRB 071227
Authors: Eyles R A J , O’Brien P T , Wiersema K , Starling R L C , Gompertz B P , Lamb G P , Lyman J D , Levan A J , Rosswog S , Tanvir N R 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
We present X-ray and optical observations of the short duration gamma-ray burst GRB 071227 and its host at z = 0.381, obtained using Swift, Gemini South, and the Very Large Telescope. We identify a short-lived and moderately bright optical transient, with flux significantly in excess of that expected from a simple extrapolation of the X-ray spectrum at 0.2–0.3 d after burst. We fit the SED with afterglow models allowing for high extinction and thermal emission models that approximate a kilonova to assess the excess’ origins. While some kilonova contribution is plausible, it is not favoured due to the low temperature and high luminosity required, implying superluminal expansion and a large ejecta mass of ∼0.1 M$\odot$. We find, instead, that the transient is broadly consistent with power-law spectra with additional dust extinction of E(B − V) ∼ 0.4 mag, although a possibly thermal excess remains in the z band. We investigate the host, a spiral galaxy with an edge-on orientation, resolving its spectrum along its major axis to construct the galaxy rotation curve and analyse the star formation and chemical properties. The integrated host emission shows evidence for high extinction, consistent with the afterglow findings. The metallicity and extinction are consistent with previous studies of this host and indicate the galaxy is a typical, but dusty, late-type SGRB host.
Nearly coeval intermediate-age Milky Way star clusters at very different dynamics evolutionary stages
Authors: Piatti Andrés E , Angelo Mateus S , Dias Wilton S 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
We report astrophysical properties of 12 Milky Way open clusters located beyond a 2 kpc circle around the Sun by using deep optical photometry. We estimated their age and metallicities on the basis of a maximum likelihood approach using astrometric members determined from Gaia DR2 data. The studied clusters turned out to be of intermediate-age (0.8–4.0 Gyr), with metallicities spanning the range [Fe/H] ∼ −0.5–+0.1 dex, and distributed within the general observed trend of the Milky Way disc radial and perpendicular metallicity gradients. As far as we are aware, these are the first metal abundance estimates derived for these clusters so far. From the constructed stellar density radial profiles and cluster mass functions we obtained a variety of structural and internal dynamics evolution parameters. They show that while the innermost cluster regions would seem to be mainly shaped according to the respective internal dynamics evolutionary stages, the outermost ones would seem to be slightly more sensitive to the Milky Way tidal field. The nearly coeval studied clusters are experiencing different levels of two-body relaxation following star evaporation; those at more advanced stages being more compact objects. Likewise, we found that the more important the Milky way tides, the larger the Jacobi volume occupied by the clusters, irrespective of their actual sizes and internal dynamics evolutionary stages.