bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repair of Critical‐Sized Long Bone Defects Using Dipyridamole‐Augmented 3D‐Printed Bioactive Ceramic Scaffolds
Authors: Witek Lukasz , Alifarag Adham M. , Tovar Nick , Lopez Christopher D. , Cronstein Bruce N. , Rodriguez Eduardo D. , Coelho Paulo G. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThere are over two million long bone defects treated in the United States annually, of which ~5% will not heal without significant surgical intervention. While autogenous grafting is the standard of care in simple defects, a customized scaffold for large defects in unlimited quantities is not available. Recently, a three‐dimensionally (3D)‐printed bioactive ceramic (3DPBC) scaffold has been successfully utilized in the of repair critical‐sized (CSD) long bone defects in vivo. In this study, 3DPBC scaffolds were augmented with dipyridamole (DIPY), an adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) indirect agonist, because of its known effect to enhance bone formation. CSD full thickness segmental defects (~11 mm × full thickness) defects were created in the radial diaphysis in New Zealand white rabbits (n = 24). A customized 3DPBC scaffold composed of β‐tricalcium phosphate was placed into the defect site. Groups included scaffolds that were collagen‐coated (COLL), or immersed in 10, 100, or 1,000 μM DIPY solution. Animals were euthanized 8 weeks post‐operatively and the radii/ulna‐scaffold complex retrieved en bloc, for micro‐CT, histological, and mechanical analysis. Bone growth was assessed exclusively within scaffold pores and evaluated by microCT and advanced reconstruction software. Biomechanical properties were evaluated utilizing nanoindentation to assess the newly regenerated bone for elastic modulus (E) and hardness (H). MicroCT reconstructions illustrated bone in‐growth throughout the scaffold, with an increase in bone volume dependent on the DIPY dosage. The histological evaluation did not indicate any adverse immune response while revealing progressive remodeling of bone. These customized biologic 3DPBC scaffolds have the potential of repairing and regenerating bone. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2499–2507, 2019
MIR, VNIR, NIR, and Raman spectra of magnesium chlorides with six hydration degrees: Implication for Mars and Europa
Authors: Shi Erbin , Wang Alian , Ling Zongcheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChloride salts have been identified on the surface of Mars and Europa based on the results from the two soil samples analyzed by Phoenix's wet chemistry laboratory for Mars, as well as some interpretations of the data from the remote sensing for Mars and Europa. To help elucidate our understanding of Mars' and Europa's surface mineral composition and relevant environmental conditions, we studied a series of magnesium chlorides with all six hydration degrees that were synthesized using various laboratory conditions. The identifications of synthesized magnesium chloride hydrates were confirmed using X‐ray diffraction. We took a systematic study of the Raman, mid‐infrared (MIR), visible near‐infrared (VNIR), and near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopies. We found various spectral features that can be linked to the structural characters of H2O molecules in the six crystal structures. On the basis of those knowledge, we found several trends of spectral feature variations that follow the increase of hydration degree of these magnesium chlorides, which can be used to distinguish them during the planetary exploration missions using the Raman, MIR, NIR, and VNIR spectroscopic techniques. Our data will not only fill the gap in the libraries of planetary spectroscopy but also contribute to the interpretation of Mars' and Europa's current and future exploration data. Specifically, identifying the types of Cl salts (hydrous or anhydrous) within geological context at the surface of Mars and Europa will constrain the current and past processes that they experienced, which can help in understanding the evolutions of these planetary bodies.
Polymerization of Substituted Acetylenes Using Well‐Defined Rhodium Complex Catalyst. Chirality Transfer and Amplification in Chiral‐Chiral Block and Random Copolymers
Authors: Goto Masahide , Nito Ayaka , Miyagi Yu , Sanda Fumio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBlock and random copolymers are synthesized by the copolymerization of N‐tert‐butoxycarbonyl‐ʟ‐valine 4‐ethynylanilide (1L) and N‐tert‐butoxycarbonyl‐d‐valine 4‐ethynylanilide (1D) using [(nbd)Rh{C(Ph) = CPh2}(PPh3)]/PPh3 as a catalyst. The size exclusion chromatography (SEC) peaks show narrow polydispersities from the first stage polymerization to the second one in the block copolymerization. Poly(1L25‐ran‐1D25) exhibits no circular dichroism (CD) signal, while poly(1L25)‐block‐poly(1D25) exhibits weak CD signals with the same sign as those of poly(1L50), suggesting the occurrence of chirality transfer from the poly(1L) block to poly(1D) block. The relationship between the |g| values and 1L/1D contents of the block copolymers becomes almost linear at the region of each unit larger than 60%. On the other hand, the relationship between these two factors of the random copolymers is convex upward.
Stereoelectronically Directed Photodegradation of Poly(adamantyl Vinyl Ketone)
Authors: Sultane Prakash R. , Bielawski Christopher W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdamantyl vinyl ketone (AVK) and its copolymers are synthesized using reversible addition fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) methodology and then degraded using UV light. The polymerization of AVK is found to be controlled as indicated by a linear correlation between the molecular weights of the polymers produced and monomer conversion as well as a series of chain extensions. The RAFT method is also used to synthesize random and block copolymers of AVK and methyl methacrylate. Irradiating poly(adamantyl vinyl ketone) (PAVK) with UV light affords a polyolefin and adamantane as the major products. Similar products are obtained, along with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), when the block copolymer is subjected to UV light. The random copolymer undergoes complete degradation under similar conditions. A mechanism wherein stereoelectronic effects channel photodegradation through Norrish I Type pathways in a manner that preserves the main chain of the polymer during the decomposition process is proposed.
Joining of dissimilar materials by laser induced shock waves
Authors: Veenaas S. , Vollertsen F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe demand to implement more functionality on limited amount of space promotes miniaturization. This makes hybrid joints under various conditions and also in the micro range necessary. Existing solutions often have restrictions due to the principle of joining. A plastic forming process based on laser induced shockwaves is used to realize sheet‐sheet connections. The knowledge of joining of metallic sheets by laser‐induced shock waves should be used to enable the joining of aluminum with dissimilar materials such as glass and plastics. For industrial applications the dimensioning is important in matters of strength and feasibility of a joint. Therefore an upper bond estimation for the joining strength is developed. The design of the joint can be described on the basis of material properties. Moreover, the stiffness of the joining partners can be used as the decisive criterion for the joining possibility in the joining area. The advantages of this process are applied to different material combinations.
MR‐based CT metal artifact reduction for head‐and‐neck photon, electron, and proton radiotherapy
Authors: Nielsen Jonathan Scharff , Van Leemput Koen , Edmund Jens Morgenthaler 
Published: July 2019

PurposeWe investigated the impact on computed tomography (CT) image quality and photon, electron, and proton head‐and‐neck (H&N) radiotherapy (RT) dose calculations of three CT metal artifact reduction (MAR) approaches: A CT‐based algorithm (oMAR Philips Healthcare), manual water override, and our recently presented, Magnetic Resonance (MR)‐based kerMAR algorithm. We considered the following three hypotheses: I: Manual water override improves MAR over the CT‐ and MR‐based alternatives; II: The automatic algorithms (oMAR and kerMAR) improve MAR over the uncorrected CT; III: kerMAR improves MAR over oMAR.MethodsWe included a veal shank phantom with/without six metal inserts and nine H&N RT patients with dental implants. We quantified the MAR capabilities by the reduction of outliers in the CT value distribution in regions of interest, and the change in particle range and photon depth at maximum dose.ResultsWater override provided apparent image improvements in the soft tissue region but insignificantly or negatively influenced the dose calculations. We however found significant improvements in image quality and particle range impact, compared to the uncorrected CT, when using oMAR and kerMAR. kerMAR in turn provided superior improvements in terms of high intensity streak suppression compared to oMAR, again with associated impacts on the particle range estimates.ConclusionWe found no benefits of the water override compared to the rest, and tentatively reject hypothesis I. We however found improvements in the automatic algorithms, and thus support for hypothesis II, and found the MR‐based kerMAR to improve upon oMAR, supporting hypothesis III.
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Ticagrelor versus Prasugrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Dawwas Ghadeer K. , Dietrich Erich , Winchester David E. , Winterstein Almut G. , Segal Richard , Park Haesuk 
Published: July 2019

Study ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness and safety of ticagrelor versus prasugrel in preventing recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and major bleeding events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).DesignRetrospective cohort analysis.Data SourceTruven Commercial and Medicare Supplemental claims database (2011–2016).PatientsStudy consisted of adults with ACS who newly initiated ticagrelor or prasugrel within 7 days of their first ACS diagnosis and had no prior use for at least 12 months; after propensity score matching, 10,073 patients were in each group.MethodsThe primary study outcomes, first occurrence of a recurrent nonfatal CVD event (composite of myocardial infarction and stroke) and occurrence of a major bleeding event, were compared between the ticagrelor and prasugrel groups. Secondary outcomes included occurrence of minor bleeding events, defined based on the presence of bleeding events in outpatient claims. Cox proportional hazards models after propensity score matching were used to obtain the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). In the Cox proportional hazards model, the use of ticagrelor was associated with a decreased risk of recurrent nonfatal CVD events (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.70–0.92) and major bleeding events (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.41–0.70) compared with prasugrel. Additionally, the use of ticagrelor was associated with a lower risk of minor bleeding events compared with prasugrel (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.65–0.78).ConclusionIn this population‐based cohort of incident ACS patients, ticagrelor was associated with a reduced rate of recurrent nonfatal CVD events, major and minor bleeding events compared with prasugrel.
Mechanical Properties and Failure Behavior of Physically Assembled Triblock Copolymer Gels with Varying Midblock Length
Authors: Mishra Satish , Badani Prado Rosa M. , Zhang Song , Lacy Thomas E. , Gu Xiaodan , Kundu Santanu 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTMechanical properties including the failure behavior of physically assembled gels or physical gels are governed by their network structure. To investigate such behavior, we consider a physical gel system consisting of poly(styrene)‐poly(isoprene)‐poly(styrene)[PS‐PI‐PS] in mineral oil. In these gels, the endblock (PS) molecular weights are not significantly different, whereas, the midblock (PI) molecular weight has been varied such that we can access gels with and without midblock entanglement. Small angle X‐ray scattering data reveals that the gels are composed of collapsed PS aggregates connected by PI chains. The gelation temperature has been found to be a function of the endblock concentration. Tensile tests display stretch‐rate dependent modulus at high strain for the gels with midblock entanglement. Creep failure behavior has also been found to be influenced by the entanglement. Fracture experiments with predefined cracks show that the energy release rate scales linearly with the crack‐tip velocity for all gels considered here. In addition, increase of midblock chain length resulted in higher viscous dissipation leading to a higher energy release rate. The results provide an insight into how midblock entanglement can possibly affect the mechanical properties of physically assembled triblock copolymer gels in a midblock selective solvent. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2019,57, 1014–1026
The 25th Annual Prostate Cancer Foundation Scientific Retreat Report
Authors: Miyahira Andrea K. , Soule Howard R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe 25th Annual Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) Scientific Retreat was held in Carlsbad, CA, from 26 to 28 October 2018.MethodsThe PCF Scientific Retreat is the foremost scientific research conference in the world that focuses on the most significant and promising recent advancements in basic, translational, and clinical prostate cancer research, as well as research from other fields that has substantial potential to advance prostate cancer research.ResultsThe major topic areas discussed at this year's meeting included (a) new insights into prostate cancer biology and treatment; (b) approaches for accelerating precision medicine for prostate cancer; (c) prostate‐specific membrane antigen‐targeted therapy and imaging for prostate cancer; (d) updates on Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP)‐inhibitor clinical trial results; (e) the biology and role of prostate cancer stem cells; (f) new approaches for targeting the androgen receptor and other steroid hormone receptor pathways; (g) racial disparities in prostate cancer treatment and outcomes; (h) the role of the nervous system in prostate cancer development and progression; (i) the role of the WNT signaling pathway in normal prostate and prostate cancer biology; (j) novel immunotherapy approaches; and (k) the ecology of prostate cancer.ConclusionsThis article reviews the research presented by the speakers at the 2018 PCF Scientific Retreat for the purpose of disseminating this knowledge to the global research community and ultimately accelerating new understandings and treatment strategies for prostate cancer.
Linking Tumor Growth Dynamics to Survival in Ipilimumab‐Treated Patients With Advanced Melanoma Using Mixture Tumor Growth Dynamic Modeling
Authors: Feng Yan , Wang Xiaoning , Suryawanshi Satyendra , Bello Akintunde , Roy Amit 
Published: July 2019

Early tumor assessments have been widely used to predict overall survival (OS), with potential application to dose selection and early go/no‐go decisions. Most published tumor dynamic models assume a uniform pattern of tumor growth dynamics (TGDs). We developed a mixture TGD model to characterize different patterns of longitudinal tumor sizes. Data from 688 patients with advanced melanoma who received ipilimumab 3 or 10 mg/kg every 3 weeks in a phase III study (NCT01515189) were used in a TGD‐OS analysis. The mixture model described TGD profiles using three subpopulations (no‐growth, intermediate, and fast). The TGD model showed a positive exposure/dose‐response (i.e., a higher proportion of patients in no/intermediate growth subpopulations and a lower tumor growth rate with ipilimumab 10 mg/kg relative to the 3 mg/kg dose). Finally, the mixture TGD model‐based measures of tumor response provided better predictions of OS compared with the nonmixture model.
A note on the Bayesian analysis of experiments with correlated multiple responses using a matrix‐logarithmic covariance model
Authors: Hamada Michael S. , Jaramillo Brandon M. , Chiao Chih‐Hua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the literature, analysis of multiple responses from experiments with replicates has modeled the covariance matrix directly as linear models of the transformed variances and correlations, ie, covariance modeling. This article considers models based on the matrix‐logarithm of the covariance matrix. This so‐called log‐covariance modeling is illustrated with data from actual experiments and compared with the traditional covariance modeling.
Inactivation methods for whole influenza vaccine production
Authors: Sabbaghi Ailar , Miri Seyed Mohammad , Keshavarz Mohsen , Zargar Mohsen , Ghaemi Amir 
Published: July 2019

SummaryDespite tremendous efforts toward vaccination, influenza remains an ongoing global threat. The induction of strain‐specific neutralizing antibody responses is a common phenomenon during vaccination with the current inactivated influenza vaccines, so the protective effect of these vaccines is mostly strain‐specific. There is an essential need for the development of next‐generation vaccines, with a broad range of immunogenicity against antigenically drifted or shifted influenza viruses. Here, we evaluate the potential of whole inactivated vaccines, based on chemical and physical methods, as well as new approaches to generate cross‐protective immune responses. We also consider the mechanisms by which some of these vaccines may induce CD8+ T‐cells cross‐reactivity with different strains of influenza.In this review, we have focused on conventional and novel methods for production of whole inactivated influenza vaccine. As well as chemical modification, using formaldehyde or β‐propiolactone and physical manipulation by ultraviolet radiation or gamma‐irradiation, novel approaches, including visible ultrashort pulsed laser, and low‐energy electron irradiation are discussed. These two latter methods are considered to be attractive approaches to design more sophisticated vaccines, due to their ability to maintain most of the viral antigenic properties during inactivation and potential to produce cross‐protective immunity. However, further studies are needed to validate them before they can replace traditional methods for vaccine manufacturing.
An automated model‐based approach for unit‐level performance test generation of mobile applications
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad Zohaib , Khan Muhammad Uzair 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMobile devices have limited resources, including memory and processing speed. The performance of mobile applications is an important concern. There are a large number of mobile platforms available with varying operating systems and hardware. Native applications are usually developed and maintained separately for these platforms. The overall performance of native applications may significantly vary across platforms. The current industrial practice is to manually test the performance for each variant, which is not a scalable or efficient approach. We tackled the problem of generating native application variants in our previous work. This paper proposes an automated model‐based approach for performance test generation for native application variants at unit level. We propose a performance profile that allows modeling of domain‐specific performance parameters on UML models, which are used for automated performance test generation for each native variant. The results of applying the approach on two real‐world applications show that the approach evaluates the performance of application variants for two different versions of Android successfully and have potential to reduce the effort and time. A questionnaire‐based study is conducted to evaluate the usefulness of the approach.
Boundary dynamics in gravitational theories
Authors: Park I. Y. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present a foliation-focused critical review of the boundary conditions and dynamics of 4D gravitational theories. A general coordinate transformation introduces a new foliation and changes the hypersurface on which a natural boundary condition is imposed; in this sense gauge transformations must be viewed as changing the boundary conditions. The issue of a gauge invariant boundary condition is nontrivial and has been extensively studied in the literature. We turn around the difficulty in obtaining such a boundary condition (and subtleties observed in the main body) and take it as one of the indications of an enlarged Hilbert space so as to include the states satisfying different boundary conditions. Through the systematical reduction procedure we obtain, up to some peculiarities, the explicit form of the reduced Lagrangian that describes the dynamics of the physical states. We examine the new insights offered by the 3D Lagrangian on BMS-type symmetry and black hole information. In particular we confirm that the boundary dynamics is an indispensable part of the system information.
Modelling and forecasting the kurtosis and returns distributions of financial markets: irrational fractional Brownian motion model approach
Authors: Dhesi Gurjeet , Shakeel Bilal , Ausloos Marcel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper reports a new methodology and results on the forecast of the numerical value of the fat tail(s) in asset returns distributions using the irrational fractional Brownian motion model. Optimal model parameter values are obtained from fits to consecutive daily 2-year period returns of S&P500 index over [1950–2016], generating 33-time series estimations. Through an econometric model, the kurtosis of returns distributions is modelled as a function of these parameters. Subsequently an auto-regressive analysis on these parameters advances the modelling and forecasting of kurtosis and returns distributions, providing the accurate shape of returns distributions and measurement of Value at Risk.
Internal hernia through mesocolon defect after left laparoscopic colectomy
Authors: Martinez Carlos Augusto Real , Camargo Michel Gardere , Cervantes Jaissy Jerubi , Ayrizono Maria de Lourdes Setsuko , Mukai Natalia Sayuri , Braga João Gabriel Romero , Martins Daniel Lahan , Coy Cláudio Saddy Rodrigues 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Introduction The development of internal hernias due to the mesocolon defect after laparoscopic colectomy is a rare complication with only 39 cases described. There are controversies whether the closure of the defect of the mesocolon after resection of the colon could prevent the development of this complication.
Objective To describe a case of intestinal obstruction due to internal hernia through the mesocolon defect after laparoscopic rectosigmoidectomy and to perform a literature review.
Case report A 59-year-old woman was hospitalized for laparoscopic rectosigmoidectomy due to an adenocarcinoma located in the rectosigmoid junction. She underwent a rectosigmoidectomy by laparoscopy, with an extracorporeal mechanical anastomosis, without closure of the mesocolon defect. In the fifth postoperative day the patient presented an intestinal obstruction due to an internal hernia through the mesocolon defect confirmed by computerized tomography. During the exploratory laparotomy approximately 120 cm jejunum was identified through the mesocolon defect. The reduction of herniated small bowel was done without the need of intestinal resection. The mesocolon defect was corrected by continuous suture. After the reoperation, the patient presented a favorable recovery being discharged on the fifth day.
Conclusion Intestinal obstruction due to internal hernia after laparoscopic rectosigmoidectomy is a rare postoperative complication that can be avoided by the adequate closure of the mesocolon defect.