bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of an extreme weather event in a hyper-arid region using WRF-Hydro coupling, station, and satellite data
Authors: Wehbe Youssef , Temimi Marouane , Weston Michael , Chaouch Naira , Branch Oliver , Schwitalla Thomas , Wulfmeyer Volker , Zhan Xiwu , Liu Jicheng , Al Mandous Abdulla 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. This study investigates an extreme weather event that impacted the
United Arab Emirates (UAE) in March 2016, using the Weather Research and
Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.7.1 coupled with its hydrological modeling
extension package (WRF-Hydro). Six-hourly forecasted forcing records at
0.5∘ spatial resolution, obtained from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast
System (GFS), are used to drive the three nested downscaling domains of both
standalone WRF and coupled WRF–WRF-Hydro configurations for the recent
flood-triggering storm. Ground and satellite observations over the UAE are
employed to validate the model results. The model performance was assessed
using precipitation from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission (30 min, 0.1∘ product), soil moisture
from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2; daily, 0.1∘ product) and the NOAA Soil Moisture Operational Products System (SMOPS; 6-hourly, 0.25∘ product), and cloud fraction retrievals from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Atmosphere product (MODATM; daily, 5 km product). The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), relative
bias (rBIAS), and root-mean-square error (RMSE) are used as performance
measures. Results show reductions of 24 % and 13 % in RMSE and rBIAS
measures, respectively, in precipitation forecasts from the coupled
WRF–WRF-Hydro model configuration, when compared to standalone WRF. The
coupled system also shows improvements in global radiation forecasts, with
reductions of 45 % and 12 % for RMSE and rBIAS, respectively.
Moreover, WRF-Hydro was able to simulate the spatial distribution of soil
moisture reasonably well across the study domain when compared to AMSR2-derived soil
moisture estimates, despite a noticeable dry and wet bias in areas where soil
moisture is high and low. Temporal and spatial variabilities of simulated soil moisture compare well to estimates from the NOAA SMOPS product, which
indicates the model's capability to simulate surface drainage. Finally, the
coupled model showed a shallower planetary boundary layer (PBL) compared to the standalone WRF
simulation, which is attributed to the effect of soil moisture feedback. The
demonstrated improvement, at the local scale, implies that WRF-Hydro coupling
may enhance hydrological and meteorological forecasts in hyper-arid
environments.
Understanding volcanic facies in the subsurface: a combined core, wireline logging and image log data set from the PTA2 and KMA1 boreholes, Big Island, Hawai`i
Authors: Jerram Dougal A. , Millett John M. , Kück Jochem , Thomas Donald , Planke Sverre , Haskins Eric , Lautze Nicole , Pierdominici Simona 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. To help understand volcanic facies in the subsurface, data sets
that enable detailed comparisons between down-hole geophysical data and cored
volcanic intervals are critical. However, in many cases, the collection of
extended core intervals within volcanic sequences is rare and often
incomplete due to challenging coring conditions. In this contribution we
outline and provide initial results from borehole logging operations within
two fully cored lava-dominated borehole sequences, PTA2 and KMA1, on the Big
Island of Hawai`i. Data for spectral gamma, magnetic susceptibility, dipmeter
resistivity, sonic, total magnetic field, temperature and televiewer wireline
logs were successfully acquired for the open hole interval ca. 889 m to 1567 m within the PTA2 borehole. Spectral gamma was also collected from inside the
casing of both wells, extending the coverage for PTA2 to the surface and
covering the interval from ca. 300 to 1200 m for KMA1. High-quality core
material was available for both boreholes with almost complete recovery which
enabled high-resolution core-to-log integration. Gamma data are generally low
commonly in the range ca. 7–20 gAPI but are shown to increase up to API of
ca. 60 with some intrusions and with increases in hawaiite compositions in
the upper part of PTA2. Velocity data are more variable due to alteration
within porous volcanic facies than with burial depth, with a general degrease
down-hole. The high-resolution televiewer data have been compared directly to
the core, enabling a comprehensive analysis of the variations in the
televiewer responses. This has enabled the identification of key features
including individual vesicles, vesicle segregations, strained vesicles,
chilled margins, rubble zones, intrusive contacts and pāhoehoe lobe
morphologies, which can be confidently matched between the televiewer data
and the full diameter core. The data set and results of this study include
findings which should enable improved borehole facies analysis through
volcanic sequences in the future, especially where down-borehole data and images
but no core are available.
ICDP workshop on scientific drilling of Nam Co on the Tibetan Plateau: 1 million years of paleoenvironmental history, geomicrobiology, tectonics and paleomagnetism derived from sediments of a high-altitude lake
Authors: Haberzettl Torsten , Daut Gerhard , Schulze Nora , Spiess Volkhard , Wang Junbo , Zhu Liping ,   the 2018 Nam Co
workshop party
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau is
of peculiar societal relevance as it provides freshwater from the so-called
“Water Tower of Asia” to a large portion of the Asian population. However,
future climate change will affect the hydrological cycle in this area. To
define parameters for future climate change scenarios it is necessary to
improve the knowledge about thresholds, timing, pace and intensity of past
climatic changes and associated environmental impacts. Sedimentary archives
reaching far back in time and spanning several glacial–interglacial cycles
such as Nam Co provide the unique possibility to extract such information. In
order to explore the scientific opportunities that an ICDP drilling effort at
Nam Co would provide, 40 scientists from 13 countries representing various
scientific disciplines met in Beijing from 22 to 24 May 2018. Besides
paleoclimatic investigations, opportunities for paleomagnetic, deep
biosphere, tectonic and paleobiological studies were discussed. After having
explored the technical and logistical challenges and the scientific
opportunities all participants agreed on the great value and need to drill
this extraordinary archive, which has a sediment thickness of more than
1 km, likely covering more than 1 Ma.
A Trivium-Based Heuristic: Reemphasizing Listening in the General Education Curriculum
Authors: Sherman Derek R. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article argues for classical education's trivium—grammar, logic, and rhetoric—and its step-by-step building of knowledge as a heuristic for general education courses. Specifically, courses must intertwine the four rhetorical acts of reading, writing, speaking, and listening to achieve a trivium-based heuristic. Current curricula, however, have separated these four rhetorical acts—especially listening—from one another and have left their teaching to competing departments. All general education courses—regardless of department—should combine the rhetorical acts through this trivium-based heuristic to better prepare students for communicating and transferring knowledge. A reorientation toward listening and self-reflective practices as a theoretical basis in general education achieves this trivium-based heuristic and the goals of a liberal arts education.
General Education Reconsidered
Authors: Schejbal David 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Public perception of the liberal arts is declining. Yet the cognitive skills that a liberal education aims to engender are the key skills that employers and the public value most. To address this seeming paradox, we must redesign the general education core and focus squarely on essential outcomes. Specifically, we must ensure that when students graduate, they are able to apply key cognitive skills such as effective communication, cultural sensitivity, ethics and values, information and technology literacy, relational skills, and quantitative literacy in their personal and professional lives. The most effective way to ensure this outcome is to focus on it directly and unequivocally in curriculum design.
Criminologie en bijzonder strafrecht
Authors: van der Vorm B. , Huisman W. 
Published: June 2019

Criminologie en bijzonder strafrecht – Over de betekenis van de criminologie voor de handhaving van het bestuursrecht en het bijzondere strafrecht
In deze bijdrage wordt in het kort het onderwerp van dit themanummer geïntroduceerd. In dit redactioneel wordt de invloed en betekenis van de criminologie voor de publiekrechtelijke rechtshandhaving verkend. Daarnaast wordt aan de hand van de verschillende bijdragen aan dit themanummer het speelveld van deze vorm van criminologie verkend.
Afstand of nabijheid?
Authors: Meerts C.A. 
Published: June 2019

Afstand of nabijheid? Publiek-private relaties rondom normovertredend gedrag van werknemers
Private veiligheid staat in de belangstelling. Hierbij richt de belangstelling zich dan vooral op de rol die private actoren kunnen spelen in het beheersen van (publieke) veiligheidsvraagstukken in het kader van publiek-private samenwerking. Inmiddels bestaat er een robuuste basis aan empirisch en theoretisch werk over publiek-private verhoudingen in het veiligheidsdomein. Dit werk is echter vooral gefocust op private veiligheid. In dit artikel wordt er gekeken naar private opsporing en de verhoudingen tussen deze private actoren en het strafrechtelijk systeem. Op basis van een aantal interessante kenmerken van de private onderzoeksmarkt pleit dit artikel voor een frisse benadering van publiek-private contacten.
Biographical introduction, Summary of Contents (Danish edition) and Summary of Contents (English edition)
Authors: Moss Kira 
Published: June 2019

The sixth volume in the series consists of Sophus Tromholt's monograph Under Nordlysets Straaler, first published in Danish in 1885 and then in a slightly different English version (Under the Rays of the Aurora Borealis, in two vols.) later in the same year. Both editions are included here, digitized from copies kept by the University Library of UiT The Arctic University of Norway. They are introduced by a biographical essay and summaries of contents by Kira Moss, UiT in Tromsø.
Age at menarche and depression: results from the NHANES 2005–2016
Authors: Shen Yun , Varma Deepthi S. , Zheng Yi , Boc Jenny , Hu Hui 
Published: June 2019

Objective
The association between early age at menarche and depression among adolescent girls and adult women has been examined in many studies. However, inconsistent results and limitations such as small sample size, low generalizability, and measurement error exist. We aimed to address these issues to assess the association between age at menarche and depressive symptoms in a nationally representative sample of US women aged 18 years and older.

Methods
We used the 2005–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data with a total of 15,674 women aged 18 years and older included in our study. Logistic regression models were used after adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related factors.

Results
The crude-adjusted model suggests that women with early age of menarche had 1.36 (95% CI [1.16–1.61]) times the odds of current depressive symptoms compared with the normal menarche group, after controlling for age, race/ethnicity, education, poverty income ratio (PIR) and marital status. In the fully-adjusted model, women with early menarche had 1.25 (95% CI [1.05–1.48]) times the odds of current depressive symptoms, after additionally adjusting for smoking status and body mass index (BMI). However, no significant difference was observed between the normal and late menarche groups.

Conclusion
Further studies are warranted to determine the causal relationship and mechanisms between early menarche and increased risk of depression.
Phosphoric Acids and Phosphates
Authors: Gilmour Rodney B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMost commercial applications of phosphorus‐containing materials are based on phosphoric acids and phosphates. Uses, other than as fertilizer, include applications in detergency, foods and food processing, dental materials, dentifrices, metal surface treatments, flame retardants, etc. Structures and properties of orthophosphoric acid and condensed phosphoric acids are presented. The manufacture of technical‐ and food‐grade phosphoric acids by thermal and wet‐acid purification processes and some uses of various phosphoric acids are discussed.The chemistry and properties of orthophosphates and condensed phosphates are presented. Emphasis is placed on alkali metal and calcium salts and their solution properties. Properties specific to condensed phosphate salts such as hydrolysis and metal ion complexation are outlined. Manufacturing schemes for phosphates are described.
NMDA
Receptors
Authors: Gibb Alasdair J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors are one type of glutamate receptor. They play key roles in synaptic transmission and plasticity in the central nervous system. They are uniquely activated by simultaneous binding of the amino acids glycine and
l
‐glutamate. These receptors are proteins that form an ion channel across the cell membrane, commonly formed by assembly of two glutamate‐binding GluN2 subunits and two glycine‐binding GluN1 subunits. The ion channel opens following receptor activation, allowing Na
+
and Ca
2+
ions to cross the cell membrane, thus translating the transient chemical signal provided by release of glutamate from a presynaptic neuron, into postsynaptic electrical and biochemical Ca
2+
signals. Crucially, the characteristics of NMDA receptor signalling depend on the receptor subunit composition, particularly the nature of the GluN2 subunits which can be of four different types, creating unique and important variations in properties that provide a rich diversity of NMDA receptor signalling in the brain.

Key Concepts

NMDA receptor functional diversity is determined by the receptor subunit composition.

Key functional attributes of NMDA receptors are the Ca
2+
permeability and Mg
2+
block of the transmembrane ion channel and the slow kinetics of receptor activation which can last for hundreds of milliseconds.

The receptor subunits are somewhat modular in nature with key functional attributes depending on particular domains of the subunit protein.

Domain interactions are an emerging concept in understanding NMDA receptor structure–function relationships.

Allosteric modulators of NMDA receptors can both enhance or inhibit receptor function and provide the future possibility of novel therapeutic approaches to diseases of the nervous system associated with altered NMDA receptor function.
Forensic Genomics
Authors: Amorim Antonio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractApplication of genetics to forensics has been multifactorial, that is analysing various inherited characteristics (genes or gene products) in the same court case. However, only when DNA fast and cheap sequencing technologies became available can we speak of forensic genomics proper, that is the use of genome‐wide data to forensic applications. These advances allow a significant increase in the informative power of classical forensic analyses and open new application avenues that were unthinkable when a reduced amount of genetic markers was at hand. These include the assessment and inference of remote kinship, biogeographic ancestry, and physical appearance. However, these developments still face serious problems, which may be difficult to resolve, or seriously conflict social and individual rights. In fact, full use of forensic genomics face statistical, technical, theoretical, ethical and legal obstacles, which may remain insurmountable in the near future.Key ConceptsScience applied to forensics produces and evaluates evidence in criminal or civil litigations at a formal judicial system.Forensic genetics and genomics are increasingly contributing to the prevention of litigation, alleviating court workloads.Current litigation fields involving genetic expertise are much broader than traditional legal medicine and include the use of nonhuman material.DNA technology has contributed significantly to the expansion and precision of FG.Forensic application of genome‐wide data is loaded with ethical, technical, theoretical and problems.
Neanderthals and Their Diet
Authors: Power Robert C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Neanderthals are a Late Pleistocene hominin adapted to cool high‐latitudes environments. Popular views on how Neanderthals adapted to these environments have changed over time. While once thought of as a largely scavenging hominin, Neanderthals are now accepted to be competent hunters who sourced a major part of their nutrition from ungulates. Neanderthal diet appears to be highly terrestrial but there are difficulties ruling out a contribution of marine foods in many regions. While the important role of large and medium ungulates in debates about Neanderthal diet has largely been settled, recent discussions about Neanderthal diet have explored the extent of their diet varied, the role of minor foods (plant, small mammal and marine foods) and dietary flexibility.

Key Concepts

Zooarchaeology mortality profiles show Neanderthals were competent hunters.

Neanderthals predominantly relied on large‐ and medium‐sized ungulates.

There is little clear evidence of Neanderthal hunting methods, important but this is also the case for the earliest modern human in Europe. Neanderthals appear to have relied on thrown or thrusted spears, which were both hafted and unhafted.

Plants played a crucial role in diet, even though meat was nutritionally much more important.

Important questions remain concerning how diet was processed and how much diet varied.
Mechanisms of Enhancer Action
Authors: Nizovtseva Ekaterina V , Studitsky Vasily M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Genomic studies have revealed a large number of distantly acting regulatory DNA regions (enhancers) activating transcription both in bacteria and in eukaryotes. Enhancers contain multiple specific binding sites for activator proteins that can locally disturb chromatin structure after binding to DNA and activate transcription initiated from enhancer targets (promoters) localised at variable distances from the enhancer. Typically, interactions between enhancer‐ and promoter‐bound proteins involve chromatin looping of intervening stretches of DNA organised in chromatin. These dynamic regulatory chromatin loops of different size and stability operate both in bacteria and in higher organisms where they form extensive and complex three‐dimensional networks that largely define gene expression patterns and identity of eukaryotic cells. Misalignment of these networks results in development of numerous human diseases including cancer.

Key Concepts

Enhancers are regulatory DNA sequences that regulate transcription both in bacteria and in higher organisms.

Enhancers are activated after binding of activator proteins to their specific binding sites localised within the enhancers.

Enhancers activate their targets (promoters) over variable distances.

An enhancer can work on multiple promoters and a promoter can be activated by multiple enhancers.

As a result, there is a dynamic regulatory network formed by regulatory chromatin loops of different size and stability.

Promoter activation involves interaction between proteins bound at the enhancers and promoters.

Enhancer–promoter interaction is accompanied by looping of intervening chromatin.

Gene activation involves a conformational change in promoter‐bound proteins or their covalent modification.
Lonely hearts and angry minds: Online dating rejection increases male (but not female) hostility
Authors: Andrighetto Luca , Riva Paolo , Gabbiadini Alessandro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe present work explores the hostile tendencies elicited by romantic rejection in the increasingly common context of online dating. To empirically investigate this issue, we created an ad hoc online dating platform in which fictitious online dating partners romantically rejected heterosexual male and female participants. Results revealed that male—but not female—participants who were rejected by desired dating partners displayed increased hostility. This pattern of findings was consistent across different measures, which considered both aggressive tendencies against the rejecting partners and hostile attitudes against the opposite gender. Further, increased feelings of anger explained the relationship between online romantic rejection and increased male hostility.Our work and its findings have both theoretical and methodological implications for the understanding of interpersonal processes in online interactions and the growing body of literature on online dating.
Colloidal Photonic Crystal Strain Sensor Integrated with Deformable Graphene Phototransducer
Authors: Snapp Peter , Kang Pilgyu , Leem Juyoung , Nam SungWoo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFlexible, architectured, photonic nanostructures such as colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs) can serve as colorimetric strain sensors, where external applied strain leads to a noticeable color change. However, CPCs' response to strain is difficult to quantify without the use of optical spectroscopy. Integration of flexible electrical readout of CPCs' color change is a challenge due to a lack of flexible/stretchable electrical transducers. This work details a colorimetric strain sensor with optoelectrical quantification based on an integrated system of CPCs over a crumpled graphene phototransducer, which optoelectrically quantifies CPCs, response to strain. The hybrid system enables direct visual perception of strain, while strain quantification via electrical measurement of the hybrid system outperforms that of crumpled graphene strain sensors by more than 100 times. The unique combination of a photonic sensing element with a deformable transducer will allow for the development of novel, electrically quantifiable colorimetric sensors with high sensitivity.
Bioinspired Design of Light‐Powered Crawling, Squeezing, and Jumping Untethered Soft Robot
Authors: Ahn Chihyung , Liang Xudong , Cai Shengqiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLight has been recently intensively explored to power robots. However, most existing light‐driven robots have limited locomotion modalities, with constrained locomotion capabilities. A light‐powered soft robot with a bioinspired design is demonstrated, which can crawl on ground, squeeze its way through a small channel, and jump over a barrier. The arch‐shaped robot is made up of liquid crystal elastomer–carbon nanotube composite. When a light source with a power intensity of around 1.57 W cm−2 is scanned over the surface of the robot, it deforms and crawls forward. With an increase in the light scanning speed, it can deform sufficiently to pass through a channel 25% lower than its body height. Subjected to light irradiation, it can also deform to a closed loop, gradually store elastic energy, and suddenly release it to jump over a wall or onto a step quickly, with a jumping distance around eight times its body length and jumping height around five times its body height. Mathematical models for quantitatively understanding the multimodal locomotion of this light‐powered soft robot are also presented.