bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning-Based Pulmonary Nodule Screening: A Narrative Review
Authors: Mahajan Abhishek , Agarwal Ujjwal , Agrawal Rajat , Venkatesh Aditi , Shukla Shreya , Bharadwaj K S. S. , Apparao M L. V. , Pawar Vivek , Poonia Vivek 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGiven its capacity to generate three-dimensional pictures, computed tomography is the most effective means of detecting lung nodules with more excellent resolution of detected nodules. Small lung nodules can easily be overlooked on chest X-rays, making interpretation difficult. Artificial intelligence algorithms have recently demonstrated remarkable progress in medical imaging, especially with deep learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs). CNN produces excellent results in natural image recognition and classification using abundant available data and the computational abilities of modern computers. It further reduces false-positive pulmonary nodules in medical image processing. This review article provides a detailed and inclusive review of recent advances, challenges, performance comparisons, and possible future directions for the problem of pulmonary nodule screening using deep learning methods.
Intraoperative Invasive Coronary Angiography after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Berger Tim , Fagu Albi , Czerny Martin , Hartikainen Tau , Von Zur Mühlen Constantin , Kueri Sami , Eschenhagen Matthias , Kreibich Maximilian , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Rylski Bartosz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the feasibility and safety of intraoperative invasive coronary angiography (ICA) following coronary artery bypass grafting using a mobile angiography C-arm.
Methods Between August 2020 and December 2021, 18 patients were enrolled for intraoperative ICA following coronary artery bypass grafting. After skin closure, ICA was performed including angiography of all established bypass grafts via a mobile angiography system by an interventional cardiologist. Data on graft patency, stenosis, and kinking were assessed. Grafts were rated on an ordinal scale ranging from very poor (1) to excellent (5). Furthermore, the impact of ICA compared with flow measurement was assessed using the ordinal Likert scale ranging from (I) worse to (V) much better.
Results The ICA was considered better (V) compared with transient flow measurement in 38 (93%) and comparable (III) in 3 (7%) distal anastomoses. ICA impacted clinical or surgical decision-making in three patients (17%). In one patient, dual antiplatelet therapy for 6 months was initiated and rethoracotomy was needed in two (11%) patients with bypass graft revision and additional bypass grafting for graft occlusion. There were no cerebral and distal embolic events or access vessel complications observed and no postoperative acute kidney injury occurred.
Conclusion Intraoperative angiography after coronary bypass grafting is safe. Using a mobile angiographic device, graft patency, and function assessment was superior to transit time flow measurement leading to further consequences in a relevant number of patients. Therefore, it has the potential to reduce postoperative myocardial injury and improve survival.
Clinical, Laboratory, and Molecular Characteristics of Inherited Vitamin K–Dependent Coagulation Factors Deficiency
Authors: Perrone Salvatore , Raso Simona , Napolitano Mariasanta 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVitamin K–dependent coagulation factors deficiency (VKCFD) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by impaired levels of multiple coagulation factors (II, VII, IX, and X) and natural anticoagulants (proteins C and S). VKCFD is part of familial multiple coagulation factor deficiencies, reporting overall 50 affected families thus far. Disease manifestations are quite heterogeneous, bleeding symptoms may vary, and even, although generally mild, some patients may succumb to fatal outcomes. VKCFD diagnosis may be delayed because the disease phenotype simulates the most frequently acquired deficiencies of vitamin K. First-line coagulation assays, prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), are both prolonged; mixing test typically normalizes the clotting times; and vitamin K–dependent coagulation factors will be variably decreased. Molecularly, VKCFD is associated with mutations in γ-glutamyl-carboxylase (GGCX) or vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) genes. Vitamin K is involved not only in the biosynthesis of coagulation proteins but also in bone metabolism and cell proliferation. Therapeutic options are based on vitamin K supplementation, coagulation factors (prothrombin complex), and fresh frozen plasma, in case of severe bleeding episodes. Two case studies here illustrate the diagnostic challenges of VKCFD: case 1 depicts a woman with a history of bleeding episodes, diagnosed, only in her third decade of life with inherited homozygous GGCX gene mutation. Case 2 shows a man with an acquired vitamin K deficiency caused by Crohn's disease. Better understanding of GGCX and VKORC1 mutations aids in prognosis and treatment planning, with emerging insights suggesting potential limitations in the effectiveness of vitamin K supplementation in certain mutations.
Laboratory and Molecular Diagnosis of Factor XI Deficiency
Authors: Davidson Simon , Gomez Keith 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of factor XI (FXI) deficiency is 1 per 10 to 20,000 in the general population, much higher than that reported in most texts. The prevalence is higher in Ashkenazi Jews where it is about 1:20. Clinically, FXI deficiency presents as a mild bleeding disorder mostly associated with posttraumatic or postsurgical hemorrhages or unexplained minor bleeding. It is often discovered due to incidental finding of a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) on routine laboratory screening. FXI deficiency is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder with many causative F11 gene defects. Diagnosis is based on FXI activity, antigen levels, and molecular diagnostics. As FXI levels do not correlate with bleeding symptoms, identification of pathogenic genetic variants may be a more accurate predictor of bleeding risk and therefore aid in the clinical management of the patient. Two variants in the F11 gene account for most cases found in the Jewish and Arab populations. Patients with FXI deficiency can develop inhibitors to FXI although spontaneously acquired inhibitors are extremely rare. We will discuss laboratory and molecular assays used to diagnose FXI deficiency as well as interferences that can complicate diagnosis including new anticoagulants and acquired FXI inhibitors.
Synthetic measurements of runaway electron synchrotron emission in the SPARC tokamak
Authors: Tinguely R. A. , Rosenthal A. M. , Silva Sa M. , Jean M. , Abramovic I. 
Published: November 2024

With plasma currents up to 8.7 MA, the SPARC tokamak runs the risk of forming multi-MA beams of relativistic “runaway” electrons (REs), which could damage plasma facing components if unmitigated. The infrared (IR) and visible imaging and visible spectroscopy systems in SPARC are designed with measurements of synchrotron emission from REs in mind. Synchrotron radiation is emitted by REs along their direction of motion, opposite the plasma current. Matched clockwise and counterclockwise wide views are proposed to detect synchrotron and background radiation, allowing observation of RE synchrotron emission in both plasma current configurations. Due to SPARC’s high toroidal magnetic field strength, 12.2 T on axis, the synchrotron light spectrum is expected to peak in the visible-IR wavelength range. The synthetic diagnostic tool, Synchrotron Orbit-Following Toolkit, is used to model synchrotron images and spectra for three scenarios, with appropriate magnetic equilibria for each: REs generated during plasma current ramp-up, steady-state flat-top (although unlikely, but serving as a reference), and disruptions. Required time resolutions, achievable spatial coverage, and appropriate spectral ranges for various RE energies are assessed.
On space–time diversity in shock train self-excited oscillation mode during wide-range evolution in a scramjet isolator
Authors: Ji Yuan , He Miaosheng , Huang Xiaobin , Sheng Haoqiang , Wang Wei , Xie Mingyun , Liu Hong 
Published: November 2024

The shock train self-excited oscillation can induce combustor instabilities and reduce engine margin. In a dual-mode scramjet, the shock train undergoes a complete evolution process, exhibiting structural changes closely tied to this inherent unsteadiness. This study aims to elucidate the space–time diversity in shock train self-excited oscillation mode and the underlying mechanisms during wide-range evolution. The experimental investigations were conducted at Ma = 1.95, capturing the complete evolution of the shock train. The results indicate the evolution can be categorized into three regimes based on structural characteristics. In regime I, the shock region gradually forms, followed by the occurrence of the mixing region in regime II. Regime III corresponds to inlet unstart. In regime II, isolator outlet pressure fluctuations exhibit higher frequency and lower amplitude compared to regime I, while the shock motion demonstrates lower frequency and higher amplitude. The shock train behaves in a large-scale, low-frequency (1.53 times the duct height, 10 Hz) unsteady motion in regime II, posing a potential threat to engine operation. Coherence and phase analysis reveal the disturbance source originates downstream. Proper orthogonal decomposition modal analysis shows two oscillation modes: low-frequency components correspond to shock motion, and high-frequency components correspond to pressure fluctuations across the entire pseudoshock. The propagating of downstream disturbance differs between the two regimes. In regime I, the shock train exhibits rigid-body motion synchronously. In regime II, the relative motion between each shock wave and the cumulative effect of pressure disturbance lead to frequency decay upstream, amplifying the shock train motion.
Symmetric vs. chiral approaches to massive fields with spin
Authors: Delplanque William , Skvortsov Evgeny 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Massive higher spin fields are notoriously difficult to introduce interactions when they are described by symmetric (spin)-tensors. An alternative approach is to use chiral description that does not have unphysical longitudinal modes. For low spin fields we show that chiral and symmetric approaches can be related via a family of invertible change of variables (equivalent to parent actions), which should facilitate introduction of consistent interactions in the symmetric approach and help to control parity in the chiral one. We consider some examples of electromagnetic and gravitational interactions and their transmutations when going to the chiral formulation. An interesting feature of the relation is how second class constraints get eliminated while preserving Lorentz invariance.
Enhanced energy storage performance of lead-free Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3 ceramics via tape casting
Authors: Liu Shuai , Zhou Jian , Liu Deke , Xu Ran 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The development of pulsed power technology demands high energy storage density dielectric materials. In this study, Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3 relaxor ferroelectric (rFE) ceramic thick films were prepared using a tape-casting process. The ceramics exhibit a dense structure and typical rFE hysteresis curves, achieving an energy storage density of 4.77 J cm−3 and efficiency of 94.4%, attributed to the high polarization intensity, low remnant polarization, and low hysteresis loss of rFE. Additionally, the material demonstrates good temperature stability. Moreover, the Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3 ceramic thick films show advantages in charge-discharge performance, capable of discharging within hundreds of nanoseconds and achieving a power density of 137 MW cm−3. Overall, the Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3 ceramic thick film exhibits a comprehensive performance advantage in terms of energy storage density, efficiency, and power density. Additionally, the material was fabricated using the tape-casting process, which is compatible with subsequent multilayer ceramic capacitor production, indicating potential for further performance enhancement.
Design and performance study of narrowband polarized colloidal quantum dots photodetector
Authors: You Congya , Liu Ming , Zhang Yi , Wang Xiaoqian , Yan Yong , Yu Songlin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Colloidal quantum dot-based (CQD) photodetectors have shown exceptional potential for low-cost, room-temperature broadband imaging. However, the isotropic optical properties of the CQD absorber hinder the capability for multi-dimensional photodetection, such as polarization. Here, we design and theoretically study a CQD photodetector with an encapsulation layer and metal grating layer, which can achieve narrowband polarization sensitivity with a full width at half maximum of 230 nm at a wavelength of 2 μm. We first investigate the effect of the geometric parameters of the architecture. Moreover, we examine the broadband polarized optical properties and analyze the corresponding mechanisms. A large linear polarization ratio of 66 is obtained at an illuminated light wavelength of 2 μm. These results contribute to offering a promising design for constructing narrowband polarized CQD photodetectors, particularly for quantum information processing in the realms of quantum communication and quantum cryptography.
Measurement of dynamic deformation during shock loading using a fiber-optic loop-sensor
Authors: Baohui Yang , Luong Dung Dinh , Gupta Nikhil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Characterizing materials under shock loading has been of interest in fields such as protective material development, biomechanics to study the injury mechanics and high-speed aerodynamic structures. However, shock loading of material is a very short duration phenomenon and it is extremely challenging to develop sensors for dynamic measurements under such loading conditions. Optical fiber sensors present the possibilities to allow high resolution measurement of displacement in such high strain rate loading conditions. This work studies the possibility of using a fiber-optic loop sensor (FOLS) based on the principle of power losses from the curved section for dynamic measurements under shock loading conditions. The displacement results obtained from the optical sensors are compared with the traditional strain gauge and digital image correlation (DIC) measurements. The result obtained by the FOLS closely matched the sensitivity and precision of the strain gauges and had higher precision than that of DIC.
Static actuator-sharing algorithm for concurrent control of multiple plasma properties
Authors: Tej Paruchuri Sai , Graber Vincent , Pajares Andres , Schuster Eugenio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Simultaneous regulation of multiple properties in next-generation tokamaks like ITER and fusion pilot plant may require the integration of different plasma control algorithms. Such integration requires the conversion of individual controller commands into physical actuator requests while accounting for the coupling between different plasma properties. This work proposes a tokamak and scenario-agnostic actuator-sharing algorithm (ASA) to perform the above-mentioned command-request conversion and, hence, integrate multiple plasma controllers. The proposed algorithm implicitly solves a quadratic programming (QP) problem formulated to account for the saturation limits and the relation between the controller commands and physical actuator requests. Since the constraints arising in the QP program are linear, the proposed ASA is highly computationally efficient and can be implemented in the tokamak plasma control system in real time. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is designed to handle real-time changes in the control objectives and actuators’ availability. Nonlinear simulations carried out using the Control Oriented Transport SIMulator illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in achieving multiple control objectives simultaneously.
Design of flexural bottle beam metasurface with resonant pillar-type metamaterials
Authors: Wu Yunhao , Sun Zhaoyong , Tian Yimin , Yang Jun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we design a flexural metasurface capable of transforming plane or cylindrical waves into bottle shaped beam. The refractive index of the metasurface is calculated by Generalized Snell’s Law and discretized into 5 × 201 lattices, which is finally realized by resonant pillar-type unit cells. Simulation results demonstrate the bottle shaped focusing effect of the metasurface, which remains robust even in the presence of a scatterer inside the bottle beam. This work provides a theoretical and simulation foundation for the application and experiment of bottle beam in flexural wave control.
Renormalized primordial black holes
Authors: Franciolini G. , Ianniccari A. , Kehagias A. , Perrone D. , Riotto A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The formation of primordial black holes in the early universe may happen through the
collapse of large curvature perturbations generated during a non-attractor phase of inflation or
through a curvaton-like dynamics after inflation. The fact that such small-scale curvature
perturbation is typically non-Gaussian leads to the renormalization of composite operators built
up from the smoothed density contrast and entering in the calculation of the primordial black
abundance. Such renormalization causes the phenomenon of operator mixing and the appearance of an
infinite tower of local, non-local and higher-derivative operators as well as to a sizable shift
in the threshold for primordial black hole formation. This hints that the calculation of the
primordial black hole abundance is more involved than what generally assumed. We show the
impact of this phenomenon in a perturbatively non-gaussian scenario, giving also an estimate of
its effect on the threshold for primordial black hole formation.
Combining electron microscopy with atomic-scale calculations—A personal perspective
Authors: Pantelides Sokrates T. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
I had the privilege and the pleasure to work closely with Stephen J. Pennycook for about twenty years, having a group of post-docs and Vanderbilt-University graduate students embedded in his electron microscopy group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, spending on average a day per week there. We combined atomic-resolution imaging of materials, electron-energy-loss spectroscopy, and density-functional-theory calculations to explore and elucidate diverse materials phenomena, often resolving long-standing issues. This paper is a personal perspective of that journey, highlighting a few examples to illustrate the power of combining theory and microscopy and closing with an assessment of future prospects.
The resonance effect for the CP asymmetry associated with the process
*
Authors: Yuan 原 Xi-Liang 喜亮 , Lü 吕 Gang 刚 , Wang 王 Na 娜 , Wang 王 Chao 超 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The direct CP asymmetry in the weak decay process of hadrons is commonly attributed to the weak phase of the CKM matrix and the indeterminate strong phase. We propose a method to generate a significant phase difference through the interference between ρ and ω mesons, taking into account the G-parity allowed decay process of

and the G-parity-suppressed decay process of

in B meson decays. This interference can lead to notable changes in the CP asymmetry within the interference region. Additionally, we calculate the integral results for different phase space regions of the four-body decay process. We hope that our work provides valuable theoretical guidance for future experimental investigations on CP asymmetry in these decays.
Leveraging textured flickers: a leap toward practical, visually comfortable, and high-performance dry EEG code-VEP BCI
Authors: Dehais Frédéric , Cabrera Castillos Kalou , Ladouce Simon , Clisson Pierre 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. Reactive brain–computer interfaces typically rely on repetitive visual stimuli, which can strain the eyes and cause attentional distraction. To address these challenges, we propose a novel approach rooted in visual neuroscience to design visual Stimuli for Augmented Response (StAR). The StAR stimuli consist of small randomly-oriented Gabor or Ricker patches that optimize foveal neural response while reducing peripheral distraction. Approach. In a factorial design study, 24 participants equipped with an 8-dry electrode EEG system focused on series of target flickers presented under three formats: traditional Plain flickers, Gabor-based, or Ricker-based flickers. These flickers were part of a five-class code visually evoked potentials paradigm featuring low frequency, short, and aperiodic visual flashes. Main results. Subjective ratings revealed that Gabor and Ricker stimuli were visually comfortable and nearly invisible in peripheral vision compared to plain flickers. Moreover, Gabor and Ricker-based textures achieved higher accuracy (93.6% and 96.3%, respectively) with only 88 s of calibration data, compared to plain flickers (65.6%). A follow-up online implementation of this experiment was conducted to validate our findings within the frame of naturalistic operations. During this trial, remarkable accuracies of 97.5% in a cued task and 94.3% in an asynchronous digicode task were achieved, with a mean decoding time as low as 1.68 s. Significance. This work demonstrates the potential to expand BCI applications beyond the lab by integrating visually unobtrusive systems with gel-free, low density EEG technology, thereby making BCIs more accessible and efficient. The datasets, algorithms, and BCI implementations are shared through open-access repositories.
Functional connectivity of stimulus-evoked brain responses to natural speech in post-stroke aphasia
Authors: Mehraram Ramtin , De Clercq Pieter , Kries Jill , Vandermosten Maaike , Francart Tom 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. One out of three stroke-patients develop language processing impairment known as aphasia. The need for ecological validity of the existing diagnostic tools motivates research on biomarkers, such as stimulus-evoked brain responses. With the aim of enhancing the physiological interpretation of the latter, we used EEG to investigate how functional brain network patterns associated with the neural response to natural speech are affected in persons with post-stroke chronic aphasia. Approach. EEG was recorded from 24 healthy controls and 40 persons with aphasia while they listened to a story. Stimulus-evoked brain responses at all scalp regions were measured as neural envelope tracking in the delta (0.5–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz) and low-gamma bands (30–49 Hz) using mutual information. Functional connectivity between neural-tracking signals was measured, and the Network-Based Statistics toolbox was used to: (1) assess the added value of the neural tracking vs EEG time series, (2) test between-group differences and (3) investigate any association with language performance in aphasia. Graph theory was also used to investigate topological alterations in aphasia. Main results. Functional connectivity was higher when assessed from neural tracking compared to EEG time series. Persons with aphasia showed weaker low-gamma-band left-hemispheric connectivity, and graph theory-based results showed a greater network segregation and higher region-specific node strength. Aphasia also exhibited a correlation between delta-band connectivity within the left pre-frontal region and language performance. Significance. We demonstrated the added value of combining brain connectomics with neural-tracking measurement when investigating natural speech processing in post-stroke aphasia. The higher sensitivity to language-related brain circuits of this approach favors its use as informative biomarker for the assessment of aphasia.