bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the impact of biological treatment on sleep quality in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Althomaly Danah , Almasoud Mai , Jebakumar Arulanantham Zechariah , Aldilaijan Khalid 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Sleep disturbance is prevalent in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Although biological treatment has been shown to improve overall patient-reported sinonasal symptoms in CRSwNP, the treatment impact on individual sleep quality remains less explored. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dupilumab treatment on sleep quality in patients with CRSwNP.

Methods
A single-institutional, retrospective chart review was conducted on adult patients who received biological treatment (dupilumab) for CRSwNP. Patients’ condition was assessed before treatment and 3–12 months after continuous treatment. The assessment included the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale, Nasal Polyp Score (NPS), as well as perception for anosmia and hyposmia using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for smell. Sleep-related symptoms and treatment outcomes were assessed using the Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI) global score, sleep domain questions within SNOT-22, and sleep-related question in the NOSE scale. Subjects with a PSQI global score of > 5 were considered poor sleepers.

Results
A total of 15 charts were included in this study. There were 12 males (80%) and 3 females (20%). Sixty percent of them were having bronchial asthma. The mean follow-up duration was around 6.7 months. The patients showed significant improvement in nasal assessment using the median values for SNOT-22, NOSE scale, NPS, and VAS for smell (P-value ≤ 0.001). As well, there was a significant improvement in the median scores for global PSQI, sleep domain questions within SNOT-22, and sleep-related question in the NOSE scale (P-value 0.04, < 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). Eight subjects (53.3%) had poor sleep quality before treatment. Four out of them improved from being poor sleepers to good sleepers after using the treatment.

Conclusion
This study indicates that dupilumab is an effective treatment for CRSwNP and it improves sleep quality parameters in some patients.
Behavior of squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa in our institution: a retrospective study
Authors: Mandal Sayan , Sarkar Aniket , Banerjee Rajarshi , Basu Subhranshu , Bose Abhinaba , Samanta Debraj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Data suggest that buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy in India. In this study, we presented our 5-year clinical experience with oral SCC and examined factors associated with surgical outcomes.

Methods
In this retrospective study, 45 patients diagnosed with SCC of buccal mucosa (January 2013–December 2018) underwent wide local excision (WLE) and neck dissection at our institution. Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT)/chemotherapy (CT) was given. Most were aged 60–69 (44.4%, n = 20), mean age of 58 ± 8.2 years, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.14. Tumor thickness, extracapsular spread (ECS), and survival were analyzed with ≥ 5-year follow-up for different stages.

Results
The data was analyzed revealing that the T1 stage was most common (55.6%, n = 25), followed by T3 and T4 (15.6%, n = 7 each), then T2 (13.3%, n = 6). Smaller tumors had lower grades. Nodal involvement was seen in 44.4% (n = 20), with N2 stage being the most frequent. Larger tumors had a greater propensity for invasion. Survival probability was 71.1%. The T1 stage showed a higher survival rate than other stages. Nodal involvement reduced survival probability (29.5%). ECS with neural and vascular invasion significantly lowered survival (12%). All associations were highly significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Effective locoregional control is crucial for managing buccal mucosa SCC. Supraomohyoid neck dissection is recommended, even for the clinically negative neck with tumor thickness greater than 0.4 cm. Postoperative RT with or without CT, clear margins, and early detection enhance the survival outcomes of the patients.
Cochlear microphonics: a comparison between scalp recording vs. intracanalicular recording procedure using tone-burst and click stimuli
Authors: Varma Gowtham , Eranna Prajwal Kumar , Barman Animesh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of recording cochlear microphonics (CM) using auditory brainstem response (ABR) protocols by comparing them with those obtained using electrocochleography (ECochG) protocols. To achieve this objective, 30 healthy participants aged 15–25 years were recruited. CM recordings were recorded using both ABR and ECochG protocols, utilizing three different stimuli (500-Hz tone burst (10 ms & 18 ms) and a 0.1-ms click), each presented at 100-dB SPL through insert earphones. In the ABR protocol, the non-inverting electrode was placed on the mastoid of the test ear, while in the ECochG protocol, a TipTrode was inserted inside the ear canal. The inverting electrode was placed on the mastoid of the non-test ear, and the ground electrode was positioned on the upper forehead for both protocols. The amplitude and onset latency of the recorded CM were then analyzed.

Results
The study found that CM was detectable in 100% of subjects in both ABR and ECochG protocols when 500-Hz tone bursts were utilized. However, CM was recorded in 86.7% of ears using click stimuli in the ECochG protocol and in 80% of ears using the ABR protocol. The CM amplitude recorded with the ECochG protocol was significantly higher than that recorded with the ABR protocol. Additionally, CM amplitude elicited by tone bursts was significantly higher than that evoked by click stimuli in both protocols. The onset latency of CM evoked by click stimuli showed no significant differences between both protocols. However, the onset latency of CM evoked by 500-Hz tone bursts recorded via the ECochG protocol was significantly earlier compared to that recorded via the ABR protocol.

Conclusion
The findings of the study suggest that the CM could be recorded using the scalp electrode with ABR protocol also, and this could lead to a cost- and time-effective procedure where audiologists can simultaneously record both cochlear potentials and neural responses. Findings also demonstrate that these recordings could be optimized and more reliably detected across subjects using 500-Hz tone bursts. These insights can guide clinical and research applications in auditory diagnostics and assessments.
Impact of graphite nano/microplatelets on the mechanical and durability performance of concrete by incorporating mill scale waste
Authors: Iqra  , Zahid Muhammad 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGraphite nano/microplatelets (GNMPs), which are part of the tetral family (group 14 elements), exhibit significant potential to enhance the mechanical and durability attributes of concrete due to their multi-functional filler properties. Mill scale waste (MSW), is a residual byproduct of the steel industry that can be used in concrete as a replacement for sand, thereby avoiding pollution and depletion of natural resources of aggregates. Although (GNMPs) enhance some of the mechanical properties of concrete and (MSW) has also impact on concrete properties, no information is available, particularly on the influence of both (GNMPs) and (MSW) in concrete. Therefore, in this research, an innovative concrete was prepared by using varying amounts of GNMPs (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4% by weight of cement) and replacement of sand with MSW (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% by weight of sand). These concrete mixes were tested for properties such as workability, density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and durability. Tests including bulk water sorption and acid attack resistance were conducted on the concrete specimens. The microstructural analysis of concrete with GNMPs and MSW was carried out through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicated that the addition of (GNMPs) and (MSW) increased concrete density and decreased its slump value when compared to the control mix. The compressive, splitting, tensile, and flexural strengths of the mixes were increased at specified proportions of up to 0.3% GNMPs and 50% MSW content. It also resulted in a reduction of water sorptivity, mass, and compressive strength loss against acid attack. The results demonstrated that MSW and GNMPs can be utilized in concrete for sustainable construction practices.
Multivariable Predictive Model of Postoperative Delirium in Cardiac Surgery Patients: Proteomic and Demographic Contributions
Authors: Gonçalves Maria C. B. , Khera Tanvi , Otu Hasan H. , Narayanan Shilpa , Dillon Simon T. , Shanker Akshay , Gu Xuesong , Jung Yoojin , Ngo Long H. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Libermann Towia A. , Subramaniam Balachundhar 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Delirium after cardiac surgery is common, morbid, and costly, but may be prevented with risk stratification and targeted intervention. In this study, we aimed to identify protein biomarkers and develop a predictive model for postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

METHODS:
SomaScan analysis of 1305 proteins in the plasma from 57 older adults undergoing cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass was conducted to define delirium-specific protein signatures at baseline (preoperative baseline timepoint [PREOP]) and postoperative day 2 (POD2). Selected proteins were validated in 115 patients using the Enzyme-Linked Lectin Assay (ELLA) multiplex immunoassay platform. Proteins were combined with clinical and demographic variables to build multivariable models that estimate the risk of postoperative delirium and bring light to the underlying pathophysiology.

RESULTS:
Of the 115 patients, 21 (18.3%) developed delirium after surgery. The SomaScan proteome screening evidenced differential expression of 115 and 85 proteins in delirious patients compared to nondelirious preoperatively and at POD2, respectively (P < .05). Following biological and methodological criteria, 12 biomarker candidates (Tukey’s fold change [|tFC|] >1.4, Benjamini-Hochberg [BH]-P < .01) were selected for ELLA multiplex validation. Statistical analyses of model fit resulted in the combination of age, sex, and 3 proteins (angiopoietin-2; C-C motif chemokine 5; and metalloproteinase inhibitor 1; area under the curve [AUC] = 0.829) as the best performing predictive model for delirium. Analyses of pathways showed that delirium-associated proteins are involved in inflammation, glial dysfunction, vascularization, and hemostasis.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results support the identification of patients at higher risk of developing delirium after cardiac surgery using a multivariable model that combines demographic and physiological features, also bringing light to the role of immune and vascular dysregulation as underlying mechanisms.
Preoperative Multivariable Model for Risk Stratification of Hypoxemia During One-Lung Ventilation
Authors: Zorrilla-Vaca Andres , Grant Michael C. , Mendez-Pino Laura , Rehman Muhammad J. , Sarin Pankaj , Nasra Sula , Varelmann Dirk 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Hypoxemia occurs with relative frequency during one-lung ventilation (OLV) despite advances in airway management. Lung perfusion scans are thought to be one of the most accurate methods to predict hypoxemia during OLV, but their complexity and costs are well-known limitations. There is a lack of preoperative stratification models to estimate the risk of intraoperative hypoxemia among patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Our primary objective was to develop a risk stratification model for hypoxemia during OLV based on preoperative clinical variables.

METHODS:
This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study including 3228 patients who underwent lung resections with OLV from 2017 to 2022, at a tertiary academic health care center in the United States. Vital signs and ventilator settings were retrieved minute by minute. Intraoperative hypoxemia was defined as an episode of oxygen desaturation (Spo
2 <90%) for at least 5 minutes. Demographic and clinical characteristics were included in a stepwise logistic regression, which was used for the selection of predictors of the risk score model. All patients included in this cohort underwent elective lung surgery in lateral decubitus position, with double lumen tube and placement confirmation with fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Our model was validated internally using area under the receiver operating curves (AUC) with bootstrapping correction.

RESULTS:
The incidence of hypoxemia during OLV was 8.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.0–10.0). Multivariable logistic regression identified 9 risk factors with their corresponding scoring: preoperative Spo
2 <92% (15 points), hemoglobin <10 g/dL (6 points), age >60 years old (4 points), male sex (4 points), body mass index >30 kg/m2 (8 points), diabetes mellitus (4 points), congestive heart failure (7 points), hypertension (3 points), and right-sided surgery (3 points). The AUC of the model after bootstrap correction was 0.708 (95% CI, 0.676–0.74). Based on the highest Youden index, the optimal score for predicting intraoperative hypoxemia was 13. The risk of hypoxemia increased from 4.7% in the first quartile of scores (0–13 points), to 32% in the third quartile (27–39 points), and 83.3% in the fourth quartile (>39 points). At scores of 20 or greater, the specificity of the model exceeded 90% and reached a positive predictive value of 80%.

CONCLUSIONS:
The risk of hypoxemia during OLV can be stratified preoperatively using accessible clinical variables. Our risk model is well calibrated but showed moderate discrimination for predicting intraoperative hypoxemia. The accuracy of preoperative models for risk stratification of hypoxemia during OLV should be explored in prospective studies.
Fluorescence-Guided Surgery Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid/Protoporphyrin IX in Brain Metastases
Authors: Price Anthony , Bernstock Joshua D. , Truong Nina , Wu Kyle , Lee John Y. K. , Tucker Isaac J. , Gessler Florian , DeSena Salvatore , Friedman Gregory , Valdes Pablo A. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The purpose of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the available literature on 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)–induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) for the resection of brain metastases (BMs).

METHODS:
A comprehensive search of the PubMed database for literature on 5-ALA use in BMs surgery was performed. For inclusion, BMs studies had to have data on the observed intraoperative fluorescence available. Additional data categories included the number of metastatic tumors, 5-ALA dosage and timing, the imaging system (eg, microscope) used, imaging wavelength(s), fluorescence grading (“simple” and “detailed”), fluorescence consistency (heterogeneous vs homogeneous), intracranial tumor location, metastatic primary tumor location, and extent of resection, among others.

RESULTS:
Twenty-three articles published between 2007 and 2022 met the inclusion criteria. These studies comprised 1709 total patients; 870 metastatic samples were collected from 855 patients with 377 (43.3%) fluorescence-negative and 493 (56.7%) fluorescence-positive samples. The pooled overall prevalence of fluorescence-positive metastatic lesions was 66% (95% CI 55%-75%; I2 = 85%, P < .01). The fluorescence grading was as follows: (a) simple fluorescence (n = 599): 295 (49.3%) fluorescence-negative and 304 (50.8%) fluorescence-positive samples and (b) detailed fluorescence (n = 271): 82 (30.3%) no fluorescence, 107 (39.5%) weak fluorescence, and 82 (30.3%) strong fluorescence. A total of 764 lesions had primary tumor site data available: 702 lesions had fluorescence data with 384 (54.7%) fluorescence-positive samples.

CONCLUSION:
FGS using 5-ALA/PpIX in BMs demonstrates varying benefits as an adjunct for maximizing the extent of resection. Thus, preoperative knowledge of the primary tumors' origin may inform surgeons regarding the potential utility of 5-ALA/PpIX for FGS management of BMs.
An international investigation of the education needs of health professionals conservatively managing genital lymphoedema: survey findings
Authors: Noble-Jones Rhian , Thomas Melanie J. , Quéré Isabelle , Morgan Karen , Moffatt Christine 
Published: November 2024

The education needs of health professionals supporting patients with genital lymphoedema (oedema) are unknown. An accurate prevalence of genital oedema, in men, women and children, has not been achieved. It may have many potential causes and multiple psychosocial influences. The vast variations in patient origins and access and delivery of service provision compound the complexity of the management of genital oedema. The aim of this study was to understand the education needs of health professionals supporting patients with genital oedema and how best to meet these needs. This mixed-method project used an online survey, distributed through national and international professional lymphoedema groups, followed by focus groups. This article reports the results of the survey. The views of 583 health professionals from 31 countries were collated. Only 42% respondents had completed specific education in treating genital lymphoedema, despite 92% feeling it was necessary. Only 7% reported that patient identification and referral was timely. Wound care skills had been used by 26% of respondents. Education subjects considered ‘essential’ and those of ‘least confidence’ were identified. E-learning packages, videos, printed materials and collaborative events with urology and pelvic health provide opportunities to address the identified needs. This original project identified unmet needs among health professionals conservatively managing genital lymphoedema.
High-speed 3D reconstruction with defocus composite fringes
Authors: Shen Suyuan , Lu Rongsheng , Li Hao , He Pan , Wan Dahang , Yin Jiajie 
Published: November 2024

Fringe projection contouring is a widely used technique in various three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction applications. However, achieving high reconstruction precision typically requires the use of numerous projected patterns, which limits its practicality in dynamic scenes. To address this challenge, we utilized defocused fringes to significantly enhance the projection frame rate of projectors, enabling adaptation to high-speed environments. In this paper, we propose what we believe is a novel method that integrates defocusing technology with composite fringes and an optimization approach for defocusing composite fringes. Notably, our method achieves high-precision 3D reconstruction using only five patterns under slight defocusing. Furthermore, owing to the multifrequency information inherent in composite fringes, each image can be independently utilized for 3D reconstruction, effectively increasing the frame rate of the reconstruction process. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in generating low-bit composite fringes, achieving reconstruction speeds of up to 500 fps. The proven efficacy and efficiency of our approach make it a promising solution for high-speed 3D reconstruction in dynamic environments.
Performance of the ultraviolet laser transmitter during ESA’s Doppler wind lidar mission Aeolus
Authors: Lux Oliver , Lemmerz Christian , De Sanctis Valeria , Bravetti Paolo , Wernham Denny , Krisna Trismono Candra , Parrinello Tommaso , Reitebuch Oliver 
Published: November 2024

The European Space Agency’s Aeolus mission was a groundbreaking achievement in Earth observation and space laser technology. Over its nearly five-year lifetime, the space-borne Doppler wind lidar instrument onboard Aeolus utilized two redundant ultraviolet (UV) lasers to measure atmospheric wind profiles globally, significantly enhancing the accuracy of numerical weather predictions. The laser transmitters were frequency-tripled, injection-seeded Nd:YAG systems, configured in a master oscillator power amplifier arrangement, generating single-longitudinal-mode pulses at 354.8 nm with a pulse duration of around 20 ns. Across the mission, both transmitters together generated more than 7⋅109UV laser pulses. The performance of both the nominal and redundant lasers was optimized and stabilized by carefully regulating their thermal environment, which influenced the laser energy depending on the emission frequency. At the optimum laser bench temperature, both lasers delivered stable UV output with pulse energies exceeding 60 mJ. The energy of the second laser, operational from June 2019 to October 2022, was further enhanced to over 100 mJ through step-wise increases in master oscillator pump power and adjustments of the amplifier pump phase. Following the mission’s operational phase, a series of tests was conducted close before the mission end-of-life (EOL) to address instrument-related questions. During these EOL activities, the laser power was boosted to more than 150 mJ for 20 days and even over 180 mJ for 33 h, setting a new, to the best of our knowledge, record for a UV space laser. Additionally, the frequency stability of the two lasers was evaluated, revealing detrimental impact from micro-vibrations caused by the satellite’s reaction wheels. EOL tests showed that adjustments to the master oscillator cavity control sequence significantly mitigated these effects, improving the laser frequency stability by a factor of two to better than 7 MHz (standard deviation over the period of one wind observation of 12 s). This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the ALADIN laser transmitters’ architecture, operation, and performance during the Aeolus mission from 2018 to 2023, with a focus on energy and frequency stability improvements relevant to current and future space lidar missions such as EarthCARE and Aeolus-2.
Polarization-insensitive ultra-wideband tunable perfect absorber based on a vanadium dioxide metasurface
Authors: Peng Wanli , Xie Yilin , Luo Jinlin , Guo Zhihao , Li Zunzun 
Published: November 2024

This paper provides a polarization-insensitive ultra-wideband tunable perfect absorber based on a patterned vanadium dioxide (VO2) metasurface. The absorption bandwidth reaches 18.5 THz, surpassing that of most previous studies, through integrating two distinct region patterns (A and B). The proposed absorber features a three-layer sandwiched structure and a simpler metasurface pattern, demonstrating the advantages of lower manufacturing cost and a simplified photolithography process. In addition, by optimizing geometric parameters and manipulating VO2 conductivity, the absorption spectrum reveals three specific perfect absorption peaks with the absorptance of 99.06%, 99.85%, and 99.85% at 10 THz, 14 THz, and 21.5 THz and shows polarization-insensitive performance due to the C4 rotational symmetry of the metasurface pattern. Furthermore, we illustrate that the intrinsic mechanism of the proposed perfect absorber arises from the lossy localized surface plasmon polarization (LSPP) excited by the incident wave, with the Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity enhancing LSPP absorption. The absorber reveals a good impedance matching with the free space, where the real and imaginary parts are close to 1 and 0, which also explains the perfect absorption from the perspective of the impedance matching theory. The device can transition between perfect absorption mode and total reflection mode, with relative absorptance also adjustable via manipulating the VO2 conductivity. Ultimately, the absorber displays an excellent angle tolerance maintaining absorptance above 90% in the range of 0°–50°. Consequently, the proposed polarization-insensitive ultra-wideband tunable perfect absorber can be applied in optical switching, object cloaking, and wireless communication.