bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yes‐Associated Protein in Kupffer Cells Enhances the Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Promotes the Development of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Song Kyoungsub , Kwon Hyunjoo , Han Chang , Chen Weina , Zhang Jinqiang , Ma Wenbo , Dash Srikanta , Gandhi Chandrashekhar R. , Wu Tong 
Published: October 2019

Background and Aims
Yes‐associated protein (YAP) plays an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis, although the potential role of YAP in non‐neoplastic liver diseases remains largely unknown. We report herein that YAP in Kupffer cells (KCs) enhances the production of proinflammatory cytokines and promotes the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Our data show that the expression of YAP is significantly increased in KCs of wild‐type mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD).

Approach and Results
We generated mice with macrophage/monocyte‐specific deletion of YAP (YAPϕKO) or Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4; TLR4ϕKO), and animals were fed an HFD or treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our data showed that YAPϕKO mice fed an HFD exhibited lower serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and less hepatic inflammation when compared to their littermate controls. LPS treatment induced accumulation of YAP in KCs in vitro and in mice, which was prevented by macrophage/monocyte‐specific deletion of TLR4 (TLR4ϕKO). LPS transcriptionally activates YAP through activator protein 1 in macrophages/KCs. LPS‐induced YAP further enhances expression of proinflammatory cytokines (including monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6) through YAP association with the TEA domain–binding motif in the promoter region of inflammatory cytokines. Forced overexpression of active YAP (YAP5SA) in KCs enhanced the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Treatment of HFD‐fed mice with verteporfin inhibited KC activation, reduced liver inflammation, and decreased serum ALT/AST levels. Analyses of liver tissues from NASH patients reveal that YAP is increased in KCs and that level of YAP in human liver tissues is positively correlated with expression of proinflammatory cytokines.

Conclusions
This study describes an important role of YAP in KCs for regulation of liver inflammation in NASH. Our findings suggest that inhibition of YAP may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for NASH treatment.
Inhibition of BAG‐1 induced SH‐SY5Y cell apoptosis without affecting Hsp70 expression
Authors: Song Yan‐Kun , Li Zhi , Wang Yun , Qu Yan , Li Qing‐Shu , Man Xiao‐Yun , Wang Feng‐Tao , Hu Dan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo further explore the role of BCL‐2 associated anthanogen‐1 (BAG‐1) in neuronal apoptosis and whether the effect of BAG‐1 depends on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70).MethodsRNA interference (RNAi) technology was used to inhibit the expression of BAG‐1 in SH‐SY5Y cells. Hypoxia‐reoxygenation injury model in the SH‐SY5Y cells was established. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) was performed for cell viability. Annexin V‐APC/7‐AAD double‐staining followed by flow cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to detect the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of genes, respectively.ResultsBAG‐1 gene silencing decreased SH‐SY5Y cell viability and promoted SH‐SY5Y cell apoptosis after hypoxia‐reoxygenation. However, the down‐regulation of BAG‐1 had no effect on the mRNA and protein expression of HSP70.ConclusionBAG‐1 could protect SH‐SY5Y cells from the hypoxia‐reoxygenation injury without affecting HSP70 expression.
Exploring African‐American womens' experiences with substance use treatment: A review of the literature
Authors: Redmond Michelle L. , Smith Sharla , Collins Tracie C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review is to synthesize evidence on treatment barriers among African‐American women who seek treatment for substance use disorders. The authors reviewed articles from 1995 to 2018 on the topic of substance use disorders among African‐American women. Based on the review of 13 articles, we found African‐American women were more likely to encounter treatment readiness barriers compared to access barriers and system‐related barriers. Personal and interpersonal barriers were more readily identified throughout the literature reviewed. However, African‐American women did encounter other barriers such as access‐ and system‐related barriers. In addition, the intersection of race, gender, and class was not addressed in the specific articles, but should be considered when working to remove treatment barriers for this population. While prevalence of alcohol and drug use is limited among African‐American women, it is important to understand how treatment readiness barriers may limit successful completion of treatment and ongoing progress. Implications for treatment and future research in addressing barriers to treatment for African‐American women are discussed.
What is the profile of workers who build effective relationships with young people facing severe and multiple disadvantages?
Authors: Sandu Rebeca D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFamily‐like professional helping relationships have the potential to alter the trajectories of young people facing significant disadvantage. This study seeks to identify the worker attributes that allow the formation of deep bonds with young people in these circumstances. Access to young people in difficult circumstances was secured via organisations that provided support to this population. Interviews about positive‐helping relationships were conducted with young people (n = 30) and support workers (n = 35) from 11 UK and 5 US not‐for‐profit organisations. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Three sets of worker qualities were identified and linked to how relationships change young people's trajectories in the context of adversity. This study has implications for the selection, training, and support of workers who provide support to young people facing difficult challenges underscoring the qualities needed to provide support and change young people's outcomes.
Short communication comments on ‘DISO: A rethink of Taylor diagram’
Authors: Xu Zhongfeng , Han Ying 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn a recent article, Hu et al. (2019) argued that the commonly used Taylor diagram in climate model evaluation only considered centred statistics, while the absolute error (AE) was not considered. Therefore, they proposed a new index, termed Distance between Indices of Simulation and Observation (DISO), that takes AE, correlation coefficient, and uncentred RMSE into account to comprehensively measure climate model performance. Note that the widely used uncentred RMSE is a function of the AE and correlation coefficient. Therefore, it is not necessary to combine AE and correlation coefficient with the uncentred RMSE again to define DISO. In addition, model performance does not improve monotonically with the decrease in the DISO index, which is also a flaw of the index. Indeed, the Taylor diagram was constructed based on the cosine law between three‐centred statistics that cannot measure the mean error of the climate model. However, this limitation can be mitigated by showing the mean error or percent bias on the diagram or constructing the Taylor diagram with uncentred statistics. The uncentred statistics still satisfy the cosine law and can also be illustrated in the Taylor diagram. In our viewpoint, there is nothing wrong with the Taylor diagram. On the contrary, the Taylor diagram can effectively visualize multiple statistics and compare the performance of different climate models.
Collagen Coating Effects on Fe–Mn Bioresorbable Alloys
Authors: Huang Sabrina , Ulloa Ana , Nauman Eric , Stanciu Lia 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTBioresorbable iron‐manganese alloys (Fe‐30%Mn) are considered as one of the next‐generation resorbable materials for orthopedic applications. Previous in vitro study showed that Fe30Mn scaffolds with 10% porosity displayed strong mechanical properties and adequate degradation rate without severe cytotoxicity effect. However, the cellular compatibility of these alloys in terms of cell‐to‐cell and alloy‐to‐cell interactions is not ideal. Collagen is the most abundant protein in human bone, providing structural support beneficial to bone healing. We hypothesized that coating collagen on Fe30Mn can improve osteointegration or activities promoting cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation, as the alloy degrades. After preparing collagen coating on Fe‐30Mn via spin coating, we conducted a corrosion test and a direct cytotoxicity test on four Fe30Mn groups: non‐porous and 10% porosity, with and without collagen coating. Furthermore, we evaluated and compared the morphologies of cells over a period of 7 days. Results showed that there was no significant difference between the collagen‐coated and non‐coated groups in corrosion rates, yet a significant decrease from the porous non‐coated group to the porous collagen‐coated group in cytotoxicity level was found. Cell morphology on the porous non‐coated group displayed round shape, whereas that on the porous collagen‐coated group displayed flattened spreading. The study showed that the collagen coating significantly increased the initial cell viability and adhesion for both the porous and non‐porous groups without impeding their degradation rates. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:523–535, 2020
Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic Joint Infection Is Prevented by a Fluorine‐ and Phosphorus‐Doped Nanostructured Ti–6Al–4V Alloy Loaded With Gentamicin and Vancomycin
Authors: Auñón Álvaro , Esteban Jaime , Doadrio Antonio L. , Boiza‐Sánchez Macarena , Mediero Aranzazu , Eguibar‐Blázquez Diego , Cordero‐Ampuero José , Conde Ana , Arenas María‐Ángeles , de‐Damborenea Juan‐José , Aguilera‐Correa John J. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTProsthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most devastating complications in orthopedic surgery. One approach used to prevent PJI is local antibiotic therapy. This study evaluates the antibiotic release, in vitro cytocompatibility and in vivo effectiveness in preventing PJI caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) of the fluorine‐ and phosphorus‐doped, bottle‐shaped, nanostructured (bNT) Ti–6Al–4V alloy loaded with a mixture of gentamicin and vancomycin (GV). We evaluated bNT Ti–6Al–4V loading with a mixture of GV, measuring the release of these antibiotics using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Further, we describe bNT Ti–6Al–4V GV cytocompatibility and its efficacy against S. aureus using an in vivo rabbit model. GV was released from bNT Ti–6Al–4V following a Boltzmann non‐linear model and maximum release values were obtained at 240 min for both antibiotics. The cell proliferation of MCT3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells significantly increased at 48 (28%) and 168 h (68%), as did the matrix mineralization (52%) of these cells and the gene expression of three of the most important markers related to bone differentiation (more than threefold for VEGF and BGLAP, and 65% for RunX) on bNT Ti–6Al–4V GV compared with control. In vivo study results show that bNT Ti–6Al–4V GV can prevent S. aureus PJI according to histopathological and microbiological results. According to our results, bNT Ti–6Al–4V loaded with a mixture of GV using the soaking method is a promising biomaterial with favorable cytocompatibility and osteointegration, demonstrating local bactericidal properties against S. aureus. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:588–597, 2020
Degrees of categoricity of trees and the isomorphism problem
Authors: Mahmoud Mohammad Assem 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we show that for any computable ordinal α, there exists a computable tree of rank with strong degree of categoricity if α is finite, and with strong degree of categoricity if α is infinite. In fact, these are the greatest possible degrees of categoricity for such trees. For a computable limit ordinal α, we show that there is a computable tree of rank α with strong degree of categoricity (which equals ). It follows from our proofs that, for every computable ordinal , the isomorphism problem for trees of rank α is ‐complete.
High Thermal Conductivity Nanocomposites Based on Conductive Polyaniline Nanowire Arrays on Boron Nitride
Authors: Bai Yufeng , Han Weifang , Ge Chunhua , Liu Rui , Zhang Rui , Wang Lixia , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith the development of soft electronics, conductive composites are garnering an increasing amount of attention. The electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and electrical stability of conductive composites are all very important. In particular, the thermal conductivity of conductive composites is critical to the stability of their conductive properties. However, little is reported on thermal management in conductive systems. Herein, sufficiently hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets (BN‐OH)@polyaniline (PANI) composite nanosheets with a high thermal conductivity and outstanding conductance stability are reported. PANI nanowire arrays are aligned vertically on BN‐OH. This well‐ordered nanostructure provides the means to form a good conductive and thermally conductive path. Notably, the composite through‐plane thermal conductivity is 2.1 W m−1 K−1(≈1000% that of pure PANI) and that the resistivity of the composite is 1.38 Ω cm. Importantly, the resistivity of the composite remains unchanged after 1 h of work. The results show that this composite has prospective applications for use in soft electronics.
M‐constants in Orlicz–Lorentz function spaces
Authors: Cui Yunan , Foralewski Paweł , Hudzik Henryk 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper some lower and upper estimates of M‐constants for Orlicz–Lorentz function spaces for both, the Luxemburg and the Amemiya norms, are given. Since degenerated Orlicz functions φ and degenerated weighted sequences ω are also admitted, this investigations concern the most possible wide class of Orlicz–Lorentz function spaces. M‐constants were defined in 1969 by E. A. Lifshits, and used by many authors in the study of lattice structures on Banach spaces, as well as in the fixed point theory.
Automated polyp segmentation for colonoscopy images: A method based on convolutional neural networks and ensemble learning
Authors: Guo Xudong , Zhang Na , Guo Jiefang , Zhang Huihe , Hao Youguo , Hang Jingqing 
Published: October 2019

PurposeTo automatically and efficiently segment the lesion area of the colonoscopy polyp image, a polyp segmentation method has been presented.MethodsAn ensemble model of pretrained convolutional neural networks was proposed, using Unet‐VGG, SegNet‐VGG, and PSPNet. Firstly, the Unet‐VGG is obtained by the first 10 layers of VGG16 as the contraction path of the left half of the Unet. Then, the SegNet‐VGG is acquired by fine‐tuned transfer learning VGG16, using the first 13 layers of VGG16 as the encoder of the SegNet and combined the original decoder of the SegNet. By adjusting the input size of the Unet‐VGG, SegNet‐VGG, and PSPNet, the preprocessed data can be correctly fed to the three network models. The three models are used as the basic trainer to train and segment the datasets. Based on the ensemble learning algorithm, the weight voting method is used to ensemble the segmentation results corresponding to single basic trainer.ResultsBoth IoU and DICE similarity score were used to evaluate the segmentation quality for cvc300 with 300 images, CVC‐ClinicDB with 612 images, and ETIS‐LaribPolypDB with 196 images. From the experimental results, the IoU and DICE obtained by the proposed method for the cvc300 datasets can reach up to 96.16% and 98.04%, respectively, the IoU and DICE for the CVC‐ClinicDB datasets can reach up to 96.66% and 98.30%, respectively, whereas the IoU and DICE for the ETIS‐LaribPolypDB datasets can reach up to 96.95% and 98.45%, respectively. Evaluation of the IoU and DICE in our methods shows higher accuracy than previous methods.ConclusionsThe experimental results show that the proposed method improved correspondingly in IoU and DICE compared to a single basic trainer. The range of improvement is 1.98%–6.38%. The proposed ensemble learning succeeds in automatic polyp segmentation, which potentially helps to establish more polyp datasets.
Metal‐Based Electrocatalysts for Methanol Electro‐Oxidation: Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges
Authors: Tong Yueyu , Yan Xiao , Liang Ji , Dou Shi Xue 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDirect methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are among the most promising portable power supplies because of their unique advantages, including high energy density/mobility of liquid fuels, low working temperature, and low emission of pollutants. Various metal‐based anode catalysts have been extensively studied and utilized for the essential methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) due to their superior electrocatalytic performance. At present, especially with the rapid advance of nanotechnology, enormous efforts have been exerted to further enhance the catalytic performance and minimize the use of precious metals. Constructing multicomponent metal‐based nanocatalysts with precisely designed structures can achieve this goal by providing highly tunable compositional and structural characteristics, which is promising for the modification and optimization of their related electrochemical properties. The recent advances of metal‐based electrocatalytic materials with rationally designed nanostructures and chemistries for MOR in DMFCs are highlighted and summarized herein. The effects of the well‐defined nanoarchitectures on the improved electrochemical properties of the catalysts are illustrated. Finally, conclusive perspectives are provided on the opportunities and challenges for further refining the nanostructure of metal‐based catalysts and improving electrocatalytic performance, as well as the commercial viability.
Epitaxial Growth of Topological Insulators on Semiconductors (Bi2Se3/Te@Se) toward High‐Performance Photodetectors
Authors: Zhang Ye , Zhang Feng , Xu Yiguo , Huang Weichun , Wu Leiming , Dong Zhijun , Zhang Yupeng , Dong Biqing , Zhang Xiuwen , Zhang Han 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHeterojunctions, composed of different materials, are widely explored in optoelectronic devices thanks to their unique advantages, such as high carrier mobility and excellent photoelectronic characteristics. In this work, Bi2Se3/Te@Se heterojunctions (Bi2Se3/Te@Se) are synthesized through the epitaxial growth of Bi2Se3 nanosheets (Bi2Se3 NTs) on tellurium@selenium nanotubes (Te@Se NTs) by using a low‐cost and facile solvothermal process. Bi2Se3/Te@Se are further applied in high‐performance photoelectrochemical (PEC)‐type photodetection due to the advantages of broadband optical response and fast carrier relaxation time. The PEC results demonstrate that the as‐prepared photodetectors have pronounced photoresponse behavior from the ultraviolet to visible band with self‐driven ability and excellent long‐term stability. It is anticipated that this work provides a new strategy for epitaxial growth of topological insulators on semiconductors for designing new heterojunctions toward high‐performance optoelectronic devices.
See what you've been missing: An assessment of Reconyx® PC900 Hyperfire cameras
Authors: Urbanek Rachael E. , Ferreira Holly J. , Olfenbuttel Colleen , Dukes Casey G. , Albers Geriann 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTFor camera‐trap studies to produce accurate data, cameras should have reliable detection of animals within their field of view. We reviewed 1,503,330 pictures obtained from August–September 2016 and February–March 2017 in North Carolina, USA, using 36 Reconyx® PC900 HyperFire cameras (Reconyx, Holmen, WI, USA). We evaluated factors related to temperature, wind speed, and whether specific detection band(s) and zone(s) may have increased the probability of triggering cameras. We focused on 10 species to determine species‐specific reasons for not triggering the camera. The odds of triggering the camera increased when an animal was detected in more zones. Additionally, there were more triggers than expected if an animal was observed in both detections bands as opposed to none. Triggered events were species‐dependent, seeming to favor larger species. The Passive Infrared Motion Detector (PIR) missed 14–16% of the independent events of bears (Ursus americanus), coyotes (Canis latrans), bobcats (Lynx rufus), and red wolves (C. rufus), and were overall ineffective at triggering for squirrels (92%; Sciurus spp.) and rabbits (80%; Sylvilagus spp.). Many (47–64%) of the independent events of gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), raccoons (Procyon lotor), white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and opossums (Didelphis virginiana) would have been missed if only the PIR function was used. The lack of detection of these species may underestimate occupancy and abundance estimates of these populations. Our results suggest that Reconyx HyperFire PC900 cameras have limitations as a broad, catch‐all system for monitoring wildlife as a result of the layout of their infrared detection zones. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Behind the times: a brief history of motivation discourse in problem-based learning
Authors: Wijnia Lisette , Servant-Miklos Virginie F. C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
That idea that problem-based learning (PBL) is more motivating that traditional education has been prevalent since the inception of PBL at McMaster University in the late 1960s. Evidencing this through empirical research, however, has proven to be a lot more problematic. This paper retraces how the discourse on motivation started from a laymen’s conception in the early days of PBL, and slowly evolved into a field of scientific inquiry in the 1980s and 1990s. However, looking at the evolution of motivation theory over the same period, we show that motivation discourse in the burgeoning literature on motivation and PBL remained largely wedded to the laymen’s approach, and failed to catch up with the new achievement-goal theory and self-determination theory approaches. This paper proceeds to analyse the explosion of studies on PBL and motivation after 2000, acknowledging efforts to move away from anecdotal accounts and provide theoretical grounding to the research. However, once again, we show that the majority of the research employed outdated motivational measures that do not fully grasp the complexity of contemporary motivation theory. The paper concludes on the observation that single-course and curriculum-wide research interventions have yielded no conclusive results on the effect of PBL on intrinsic motivation, and that future research should therefore seek to use up-to-date motivational constructs in more targeted interventions.