bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Chiral Diene‐Rh Complexes for Asymmetric Arylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds, Nitroalkenes, and Imines
Authors: Kuremoto Tatsuya , Yasukawa Tomohiro , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA chiral diene ligand with tertiary alkyl amine‐derived secondary amide moiety was immobilized on cross‐linked polystyrene (PS) by radical polymerization, which was combined with Rh to form heterogeneous chiral Rh complexes (PS‐diene Rh−Cl). PS‐diene Rh−Cl catalyzed asymmetric arylation reactions of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds (ketones, esters, and amides), nitroalkenes, and imines afforded the desired products in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities. PS‐diene Rh−Cl is stable in air, can be stored for several months, and can be reused more than 10 times without any reduction of either yield or enantioselectivity. We also developed a method of activation of PS‐diene Rh−Cl to generate more active species.magnified image
Recent Developments in Integral Equation Theory for Solvation to Treat Density Inhomogeneity at Solute–Solvent Interface
Authors: Cao Siqin , Konovalov Kirill A. , Unarta Ilona Christy , Huang Xuhui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe integration equation theory (IET) provides highly efficient tools for the calculation of structural and thermodynamic properties of molecular liquids. In recent years, the 3D reference interaction site model (3DRISM), the most developed IET for solvation, has been widely applied to study protein solvation, aggregation, and drug‐receptor binding. However, hydrophobic solutes with sufficient size (>nm) can induce water density depletion at the solute–solvent interface. This density depletion is not considered in the original 3DRISM theory. The authors here review the recent developments of 3DRISM at hydrophobic surfaces and related theories to address this challenge. At hydrophobic surfaces, an additional hydrophobicity‐induced density inhomogeneity equation is introduced to 3DRISM theory to consider this density depletion. Accordingly, several new closures equations including D2 closure and D2MSA closures are developed to enable stable numerical solutions of 3DRISM equations. These newly developed theories hold great promise for an accurate and rapid calculation of the solvation effect for complex molecular systems such as proteins. At the end of the report, the authors also provide a perspective on other challenges of the IETs as an efficient solvation model.
Quantitative relationships of exposure to chrysotile asbestos and mesothelioma mortality
Authors: Loomis Dana , Richardson David B. , Elliott Leslie 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundWhile asbestos has long been known to cause mesothelioma, quantitative exposure‐response data on the relation of mesothelioma risk and exposure to chrysotile asbestos are sparse.MethodsQuantitative relationships of mortality from mesothelioma and pleural cancer were investigated in an established cohort of 5397 asbestos textile manufacturing workers in North Carolina, USA. Eligible workers were those employed between 1950 and 1973 with mortality follow‐up through 2003. Individual exposure to chrysotile fibres was estimated on the basis of 3420 air samples covering the entire study period linked to work history records. Exposure coefficients adjusted for age, race, and time‐related covariates were estimated by Poisson regression.ResultsPositive, statistically significant associations were observed between mortality from all pleural cancer (including mesothelioma) and time since first exposure (TSFE) to asbestos (rate ratio [RR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06‐1.34 per year), duration of exposure, and cumulative asbestos fibre exposure (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.28 per 100 f‐years/mL; 10‐year lag). Analyses of the shape of exposure‐response functions suggested a linear relationship with TSFE and a less‐than‐linear relationship with cumulative exposure. Restricting the analysis to years when mesothelioma was coded as a unique cause of death yielded stronger but less precise associations.ConclusionsThese observations support with quantitative data the conclusion that chrysotile causes mesothelioma and encourage exposure‐response analyses of mesothelioma in other cohorts exposed to chrysotile.
Hereditary spastic paraplegia type 35 in a family from Mali
Authors: Landouré Guida , Dembélé Kékouta , Cissé Lassana , Samassékou Oumar , Diarra Salimata , Bocoum Abdoulaye , Dembélé Mohamede E. , Fischbeck Kenneth H. , Guinto Cheick O. ,   from The H3Africa Consortium
Published: May 2019

AbstractVariants in FA2H have been associated with a wide range of phenotypes including hereditary spastic paraplegia type 35 (SPG35); however, genetically confirmed cases have not been reported in Africa. We report here the first African family with a variant in the FA2H gene causing SPG35. Four affected siblings with consanguineous parents presented with walking difficulty at age 2–3 and progressive limb weakness. They became wheelchair‐bound 2 years after disease onset. Neurological examination confirmed lower greater than upper limb weakness and atrophy, brisk reflexes throughout, and spasticity with scissor legs. The patients also had choking, urinary urgency, and mental retardation. A brain MRI showed thin corpus callosum and periventricular leucodystrophy. Testing of 58 SPG genes showed a homozygous variant in FA2H at the exon 5 donor site c.786+1G>A, which has previously been shown to cause skipping of exons 5 and 6 of the gene transcript. This variant segregated with the disease in the family. This variant has been reported previously with a similar phenotype and slow progression in a population with different background. Here, we confirm its pathogenicity and expand its genetic epidemiology. Studying diverse populations may help to increase understanding of the disease mechanism and ultimately lead to therapeutic targets.
Signatures of stress: Pilot study of accentuated laminations in porcine enamel
Authors: Skinner Mark , Byra Chris 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the correspondence between histology of defective enamel and documented developmental stressors using a pig proxy; with the ultimate goal of differentiating, within enamel, stressor types including birth, weaning, surgery, and social disruption.Materials and methodsLower first molars were removed from five female and four male domestic pigs, thin‐sectioned and examined with phase‐contrast microscopy for daily and accentuated laminations. Known stressor events include birth; processing (nonanesthetized clipping of needle teeth, tail docking, and castration) within 5 days of birth; weaning in nursery; penned vaccination 2–4 days later; transfer to grower barn; additional vaccination. Timing of accentuated laminations was derived from counts of daily laminations from birth and between accentuated laminations; or, more commonly, from measurements between accentuated laminations divided by average daily lamination width.ResultsAcknowledging our small sample, we confirm daily periodicity of laminations in pig enamel. Lamination width varies among sexes (males wider), cusps, crown decile, and enamel depth (wider toward surface). Accentuated laminations occurred at reconstructed median ages of 3.7 days after birth (cf. up to 5 days for “processing”), 19.7 days (cf. 18–25 days for weaning), 4.5 days (cf. 2–4 days for vaccination) and ~39.5 days (cf. 63 days for transfer).DiscussionEncouragingly, the timing of known stressors (birth, surgical processing, weaning, and vaccination) can be determined with high precision, in good thin sections, from accentuated laminations in pig enamel. Timing of transfer was poorly estimated, likely reflecting lesser severity and the occurrence of undocumented stress events in the nursery.
The acetabulum as an adult age marker and the new IDADE2 (the IDADE2 web page)
Authors: Rissech Carme , Winburn Allysha P. , San‐Millán Marta , Sastre Jaume , Rocha Jairo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn 2006, an age estimation method was proposed utilizing Bayesian inference to interpret age‐progressive changes in the acetabulum. This was accompanied by the IDADE2 software to facilitate calculations. However, the MS‐DOS operating system on which the software was based became obsolete. The main goal of this article is to present the new IDADE2, which incorporates web‐based facilities.Materials and methodsThe original IDADE2 has been re‐written in R and presented as a web page. As in the original, this web page uses Bayesian inference to estimate age of unidentified individuals. The materials used to create the reference datasets of this web page include acetabular scores from documented skeletal samples from Spain (n = 24♀ and 52♂), Portugal (n = 317♀ and 294♂), and the US (n = 370♀ and 456♂).ResultsThe IDADE2 website has eight sections. Six of these are informative to guide the user. The other two (Option 1 and Option 2) are dedicated to estimating age at death. Option 1 allows users to estimate the age of individual(s) in their test sample based on our reference data of acetabular scores. Option 2 allows users to estimate age from the acetabulum with their own reference and test collections or—if the users prefer—another age marker and method of choice.DiscussionThe IDADE2 website is applicable both to forensic anthropological casework on single individuals and to bioarchaeological analyses of large skeletal samples. This website is easy to use and freely accessible, responding to previous critiques and incorporating method advancements.
Future topical medications in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Miyake Michelle Menon , Bleier Benjamin S. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundResearch has progressed rapidly in recent decades to better understand the etiopathogenesis and management paradigms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Although oral antibiotics often mitigate symptoms in acute CRS exacerbations, eradication of polymicrobial biofilms and multidrug‐resistant bacteria remains a challenge. The goal of this review is to summarize and discuss the potential and pitfalls of topical medications in the treatment of CRS.MethodsA related literature review was performed using PubMed and Scopus, with only the English database included.ResultsThe main therapies were selected and separated in sections. Details regarding future topical treatments of CRS were summarized and discussed.ConclusionThe ease of access of the sinonasal mucosa positions CRS as a disease with high potential for local topical treatment. The ultimate adoption of topical agents will require continued expansion of our understanding of novel local targets in CRS as well as improved methods to deliver and retain the drug of interest at the site of activity.
Schwefel‐basierte Elektroden mit Mehrelektronenreaktionen für Raumtemperatur‐Natriumionenspeicherung
Authors: Wang Yun‐Xiao , Lai Wei‐Hong , Wang Yun‐Xia , Chou Shu‐Lei , Ai Xinping , Yang Hanxi , Cao Yuliang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNatriumspeichersysteme wie Natrium‐Ionen‐ und Raumtemperatur‐Natrium‐Schwefel‐Akkumulatoren finden als günstige Energiespeichertechniken ein zunehmendes Forschungsinteresse. Aufgrund ihrer leichten Verfügbarkeit und ihren einzigartigen chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften werden Schwefel‐basierte Materialien, vor allem Metallsulfide (MSx) und elementarer Schwefel (S), aktuell als vielversprechende Kandidaten für Natriumspeicher‐Technologien gesehen – mit hohen Kapazitäten und ausgezeichneter Redoxreversibilität. Hier präsentieren wir einen Überblick über Natriumspeichermechanismen von Schwefel‐basierten Elektrodenmaterialien, mit Schwerpunkt auf neuen Fortschritten und Strategien zur Verbesserung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit und Tolerierung von Volumenänderungen der MSx‐Anoden sowie auf Schwefelkathoden in RT‐NaS‐Batterien. Außerdem wird ein neues Konzept zur Integrierung von MSx‐Elektrokatalysatoren in konventionelle Kohlenstoffgerüste für die Herstellung polarisierter Schwefelspeicher vorgestellt. Dieser Kurzaufsatz kann als Wegweiser für potenzielle Forschungsrichtungen zur Entwicklung weiterer schwefelbasierter Materialien für künftige Na‐Speichermethoden dienen.
Lead‐Free Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: Crystal Structures, Synthesis, Stabilities, and Optical Properties
Authors: Fan Qianqian , Biesold‐McGee Gill V. , Ma Jianzhong , Xu Qunna , Pan Shuang , Peng Juan , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn recent years, there have been rapid advances in the synthesis of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) for use in solar cells, light emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. These compounds have a set of intriguing optical, excitonic, and charge transport properties, including outstanding photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and tunable optical band gap. However, the necessary inclusion of lead, a toxic element, raises a critical concern for future commercial development. To address the toxicity issue, intense recent research effort has been devoted to developing lead‐free halide perovskite (LFHP) NCs. In this Review, we present a comprehensive overview of currently explored LFHP NCs with an emphasis on their crystal structures, synthesis, optical properties, and environmental stabilities (e.g., UV, heat, and moisture resistance). In addition, strategies for enhancing optical properties and stabilities of LFHP NCs as well as the state‐of‐the‐art applications are discussed. With the perspective of their properties and current challenges, we provide an outlook for future directions in this rapidly evolving field to achieve high‐quality LFHP NCs for a broader range of fundamental research and practical applications.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Alkyl Tosylates: Stereospecific Synthesis of Amides
Authors: Sargent Brendon T. , Alexanian Erik J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetal‐catalyzed aminocarbonylation is a standard approach for installing amide functionality in chemical synthesis. Despite broad application of this transformation using aryl or vinyl electrophiles, there are few examples involving unactivated aliphatic substrates. Furthermore, there are no stereocontrolled aminocarbonylations of alkyl electrophiles known. Herein, we report a stereospecific aminocarbonylation of unactivated alkyl tosylates for the synthesis of enantioenriched amides. This cobalt‐catalyzed transformation uses a remarkably broad range of amines and proceeds with excellent stereospecificity and chemoselectivity.
Call for a Multidisciplinary Effort to Map the Lymphatic System with Advanced Medical Imaging Techniques: A Review of the Literature and Suggestions for Future Anatomical Research
Authors: Stouthandel Michael E. J. , Veldeman Liv , Van Hoof Tom 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThis review intends to rekindle efforts to map the lymphatic system by using a more modern approach, based on medical imaging. The structure, function, and pathologies associated with the lymphatic system are first discussed to highlight the need for more accurately mapping the lymphatic system. Next, the need for an interdisciplinary approach, with a central role for the anatomist, to come up with better maps of the lymphatic system is emphasized. The current approaches on lymphatic system research involving medical imaging will be discussed and suggestions will be made for an all‐encompassing effort to thoroughly map the entire lymphatic system. A first‐hand account of our integration as anatomists in the radiotherapy department is given as an example of interdisciplinary collaboration. From this account, it will become clear that the interdisciplinary collaboration of anatomists in the clinical disciplines involved in lymphatic system research/treatment still holds great promise in terms of improving clinical regimens that are currently being employed. As such, we hope that our fellow anatomists will join us in an interdisciplinary effort to map the lymphatic system, because this could, in a relatively short timeframe, provide improved treatment options for patients with cancer or lymphatic pathologies all over the world. Anat Rec, 302:1681–1695, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Wulingsan (Oryeongsan/Goreisan) ameliorate lipid metabolism of obesity rats via regulation of the plasma metabolic profiling
Authors: Xue Xin‐ru , Xue Jin‐jue , Cui Xiang , Zhang Deng‐yue , Lu Chao‐ying , Shen Yu‐meng , Jiang Shu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectives: Wulingsan has been used to cure disease about disorders related to fluid balance for thousands of years. The clinical practice of modern Chinese medicine has found that Wulingsan has the effect on reducing weight and fat, but its mechanism is not clear. This study investigated its effects on obesity rats and explored the underlying mechanisms by analyzing the plasma metabolic profiling. Methods: The effects of Wulingsan on obesity were evaluated with obesity rats induced by high‐fat diet. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS) was performed to discover potential biomarkers and evaluate whether Wulingsan could regulate these biomarkers. The levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL‐C), and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL‐C) in serum were assessed by ELISA kits. Results: Remarkably, TG, TC, HDL‐C and LDL‐C in obesity rats were ameliorated after oral administration of Wulingsan. Further investigation indicated that the plasma metabolic profiles were clearly improved. Twelve potential biomarkers were identified. After intervention, these biomarkers turned back to normal level at some extent. Conclusion: The results showed that Wulingsan extract groups were normalized. Additionally, this study also showed that the metabonomics method was a promising tool to unravel how traditional Chinese medicines worked and these data can provide scientific basis for clinical application of Wulingsan.
Orthogonale Anordnung der Filigran®‐Durchstanzbewehrung
Authors: Schmidt Philipp , Furche Johannes , Bauermeister Ulrich 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDie Filigran®‐Durchstanzbewehrung wurde zur Anwendung in vorgefertigten Fertigteilplatten, die mit Ortbeton zur fertigen Decke ergänzt werden, entwickelt. Die steife Verankerung und die optimierte Geometrie bewirken einen hohen maximalen Durchstanzwiderstand. Wie die parallel angeordneten, durchgehenden Gitterträger zur Montagesicherung dieser Fertigteilplatten werden auch die Durchstanzbewehrungselemente zur Vereinfachung des Einbaus parallel angeordnet. Dementsprechend wurden bereits Durchstanzversuche zur Herleitung von Bemessungs‐ und Konstruktionsregeln durchgeführt.Zur effektiven Ausnutzung der geneigten Stäbe ist allerdings eine orthogonale Ausrichtung der Bewehrungselemente zur Stütze erstrebenswert. Untersuchungen mit anderen Durchstanzsystemen bei orthogonaler Anordnung zeigen jedoch eine Reduktion des Durchstanzwiderstands, wenn größere Plattenbereiche in den Eckbereichen zur Stütze ohne Durchstanzbewehrung verbleiben. Bei den im Beitrag beschriebenen ergänzenden Versuchen mit der Filigran®‐Durchstanzbewehrung mit orthogonal angeordneten Bewehrungselementen wurden freie Plattenbereiche durch zusätzlich angeordnete Bewehrungselemente vermieden. Die Auswertung dieser Versuche bestätigt unterschiedliche Neigungen der Durchstanzrisse abhängig von der Ausdehnung der unbewehrten Plattenbereiche. Im Rahmen der neuen Europäischen Technischen Bewertung ETA‐13/0521 wurden Abstandsregeln festgelegt, bei deren Einhaltung ein Faktor zur Erhöhung des Durchstanzwiderstands gegenüber schubunbewehrten Platten von 2,1 wie bei paralleler Gitterträgeranordnung genutzt werden kann. Die untersuchte und im Beitrag beschriebene orthogonale Anordnung bietet sich zur Anwendung in Ortbetondecken an.
Involvement of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal in pollution‐induced skin damage
Authors: Pecorelli Alessandra , Woodby Brittany , Prieux Roxane , Valacchi Giuseppe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe effects of environmental insults on human health are a major global concern. Some of the most noxious pollutants that humans are exposed to include ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM), and cigarette smoke (CS). Since the skin is the first line of defense against environmental insults, it is considered one of the main target organs for the harmful insults of air pollution. Thus, there is solid evidence that skin pathologies such as premature aging, atopic dermatitis (AD), and psoriasis are associated with pollutant exposure; all of these skin conditions are also associated with an altered redox status. Therefore, although the mechanisms of action and concentrations of O3, PM, and CS that we are exposed to differ, exposure to all of these pollutants is associated with the development of similar skin conditions due to the fact that all of these pollutants alter redox homeostasis, increasing reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress. A main product of oxidative stress, induced by exposure to the aforementioned pollutants, is 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (HNE), which derives from the oxidation of ω‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. HNE is a highly reactive compound that can form adducts with cellular proteins and even DNA; it is also an efficient cell signaling molecule able to regulate mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways and the activity of redox‐sensitive transcription factors such as Nrf2, AP1, and NFκB. Therefore, increased levels of HNE in the skin, in response to pollutants, likely accelerates skin aging and exacerbates existing skin inflammatory conditions; thus, targeting HNE formation could be an innovative cosmeceutical approach for topical applications.
Exploring the firm and country determinants of the voluntary adoption of integrated reporting
Authors: Girella Laura , Rossi Paola , Zambon Stefano 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInformation used to manage the business and support the decision‐making of stakeholders is being subject to an evolution. In this context, traditional financial reporting is considered not sufficient anymore. This has translated into a sharp increase in the number of firms that have begun to adopt emerging reporting practices. This study aims to examine the influence that both firm‐ and country‐specific characteristics have on the voluntary uptaking of integrated reporting internationally. In order to do so, it analyses a sample of 71 international listed companies that have adopted this reporting form in 2016. The results show that firms are more likely to implement integrated reporting if they are located in countries with a higher level of corruption perception and a better risk rating and that are considered as relatively more collectivist and feminist and with a long‐term orientation. Legal system has resulted to be not significant. As for firms' characteristics, large size, profitability, market‐to‐book ratio, and the size of the board are found to be significant variables. Moreover, the results indicate that the adoption of integrated reporting is not influenced by a higher level of leverage, firm efficiency and board diversity and independence.