bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update on Misrepresentation of Research Publications Among Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Applicants
Authors: Meeks Brett D. , Kiskaddon Eric M. , Burton Michael G. , Froehle Andrew W. , Crosby Lynn A. , Laughlin Richard T. 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Our 2 previous studies (1999, 2007) examining misrepresentation of research publications among orthopaedic residency applicants revealed rates of misrepresentation of 18.0% and 20.6%, respectively. As the residency selection process has become more competitive, the number of applicants who list publications has increased. The purpose of this study was to determine current rates of research misrepresentation by orthopaedic surgery applicants.

Methods:
We reviewed the publication listings and research section of the Common Application Form from the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) for all applicants applying to 1 orthopaedic residency program. The PubMed-MEDLINE database was principally used to search for citations. The PubMed Identifier (PMID) number was used; if no PMID number was listed, a combination of authors or the title of the work was used. If the citations were not found through PubMed, a previously developed algorithm was followed to determine misrepresentation. Misrepresentation was defined as (1) nonauthorship of a published article in which authorship was claimed, (2) claimed authorship of a nonexistent article, or (3) self-promotion to a higher authorship status within a published article.

Results:
Five hundred and seventy-three applicants applied to our institution for residency in 2016 to 2017: 250 (43.6%) of 573 applicants did not list a publication, whereas 323 (56.4%) of 573 applicants listed ≥1 publication. We found 13 cases of misrepresentation among a total of 1,100 citations (1.18% in 2017 versus 18.0% in 1999 and 20.6% in 2007, p < 0.001). Ten cases of misrepresentation were self-promotion to a higher authorship status. There were 2 cases of claimed authorship of an article that could not be found. Only 1 applicant misrepresented more than once.

Conclusions:
Based on our findings, orthopaedic surgery residency applicants are accurately representing their publication information. The incorporation of the PMID number on the ERAS application has streamlined the process for finding publications, and has possibly encouraged veracity on residency applications. Faculty involved in the resident selection process should be aware of the significant decline in the rate of misrepresentation by medical students applying for orthopaedic surgery residency versus the rate in our prior studies.
Detection of potential look-alike/sound-alike medication errors using Veterans Affairs administrative databases
Authors: Zacher Jessica M. , Cunningham Francesca E. , Zhao Xinhua , Burk Muriel L. , Moore Von R. , Good Chester B. , Glassman Peter A. , Aspinall Sherrie L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeResults of a study to estimate the prevalence of look-alike/sound-alike (LASA) medication errors through analysis of Veterans Affairs (VA) administrative data are reported.MethodsVeterans with at least 2 filled prescriptions for 1 medication in 20 LASA drug pairs during the period April 2014–March 2015 and no history of use of both medications in the preceding 6 months were identified. First occurrences of potential LASA errors were identified by analyzing dispensing patterns and documented diagnoses. For 7 LASA drug pairs, potential errors were evaluated via chart review to determine if an actual error occurred.ResultsAmong LASA drug pairs with overlapping indications, the pairs associated with the highest potential-error rates, by percentage of treated patients, were tamsulosin and terazosin (3.05%), glipizide and glyburide (2.91%), extended- and sustained-release formulations of bupropion (1.53%), and metoprolol tartrate and metoprolol succinate (1.48%). Among pairs with distinct indications, the pairs associated with the highest potential-error rates were tramadol and trazodone (2.20%) and bupropion and buspirone (1.31%). For LASA drug pairs found to be associated with actual errors, the estimated error rates were as follows: lamivudine and lamotrigine, 0.003% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0–0.01%); carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine, 0.03% (95% CI, 0–0.09%); and morphine and hydromorphone, 0.02% (95% CI, 0–0.05%).ConclusionThrough the use of administrative databases, potential LASA errors that could be reviewed for an actual error via chart review were identified. While a high rate of potential LASA errors was detected, the number of actual errors identified was low.
Does Diet Affect the Symptoms of ADHD?
Authors: Cagigal César , Silva Tánia , Jesus Mariana , Silva Carla 
Published: September 2018

Introduction:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric diagnosis in childhood and adolescence, with an estimated worldwide-pooled prevalence of 5,29%. The type of treatment depends on several factors. Psychopharmacological treatment entails undesirable side effects, with unclear long-term benefits, which has led the scientific community to investigate other therapeutic approaches, such as dietary interventions.Method:The authors conducted a classical review on the current treatment recommended in individuals with ADHD diagnosis, their dietary patterns, as well as dietary factors possibly implicated in the etiology and treatment of this disorder. An extensive bibliographic research was carried out in the databases PubMed, The Cochrane Library and the National Guideline Clearinghouse.Discussion:The most common dietary interventions in the case of ADHD are food supplementation diets (e.g. PUFAs, vitamins) and elimination diets. Supplementation with omega-3 PUFAs lacks further studies that can validate them as an effective therapeutic approach in this disorder. Also, regarding vitamin supplementation, studies are not consistent as to their role in the etiology of ADHD. Elimination diets are unclear as to the benefits provided in individuals with ADHD. Children with ADHD are less likely to engage in healthy lifestyle behaviors than non-ADHD youth.Conclusion:There is no clear evidence that supports dietary interventions for the treatment of ADHD. The effects of unhealthy diet patterns in ADHD individuals are not yet fully understood and, like the general population, children with ADHD may benefit from a healthy lifestyle.
Outcomes of Wavefront-Optimized Laser-Assisted In-Situ Keratomileusis and Photorefractive Keratectomy for correction of Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism over One Year Follow-Up
Authors: Shehadeh Mohammad M. , Akkawi Mohammad T. , Aghbar Ammar A. , Musmar Muna T. , Khabbas Malak N , Kharouf Marah F , Al-Labadi Liana 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Laser corneal refractive surgery suits, technology and nomograms are improving with time. This may improve the refractive and visual outcomes of the patients.

Objectives:
To evaluate the safety, efficacy, stability, and predictability of wavefront-optimized photorefractive keratectomy and Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis in patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism over 1-year using WaveLight® EX500 Excimer Laser machine.

Methods:
In this prospective cohort study, refractive and visual outcomes in 596 eyes (365 patients), either having myopia or myopic astigmatism were assessed. Patients were divided into Two groups: 1) Patients who underwent PRK (53 eyes have myopia and 217 eyes have myopic astigmatism), 2) Patients who underwent LASIK (53 eyes have myopia and 273 eyes have myopic astigmatism).

Results:
At 12 months postoperatively 94.3% of the myopic patients reached their preoperative best corrected distance visual acuity at the final one year follow up visit post PRK and LASIK. In patients with myopic astigmatism who underwent LASIK and PRK, 95.2%, and 96.3% of the patients reached their preoperative best corrected distance visual acuity at the final one year follow up visit post LASIK and PRK, respectively. The efficacy and safety indices were 1.00 or more for all groups with no eye lost any line of best corrected distance visual acuity.

Conclusion:
Our study results confirm the excellent efficacy, safety, good predictability and stability of myopia / myopic astigmatism correction by either wavefront- optimized LASIK or PRK over 1-year follow-up without significant differences between them using the WaveLight® EX500 excimer laser system.
El efecto de la innovación en el desarrollo y crecimiento de México: una aproximación usando las patentes
Authors: Beltran Morales Luis Felipe , Almendarez Marco Antonio , Jefferson David J. 
Published: September 2018

<p>En este artículo se presenta un modelo empírico basado en datos generados<br />a lo largo de una década de análisis, y cuyo propósito es explicar el impacto de la propiedad intelectual utilizando los registros de patentes como un indicador. El<br />modelo correlaciona aún más la actividad de patentar con el desarrollo económico y el crecimiento en México. Se presenta un patrón de actividad positiva entre una mayor inversión de recursos en investigación y desarrollo (I+D) por un lado, y el desarrollo económico y el crecimiento por el otro, observado a través de aumentos en el volumen de solicitudes de patentes nacionales. La creación e implementación de políticas públicas orientadas a aumentar el capital intelectual y la innovación podrían beneficiar a una economía emergente como la de México de innumerables maneras.</p>
Nuevas tecnologías: ¿bipolarización de empleos e ingresos del trabajo?
Authors: Salama Pierre 
Published: September 2018

<p>La revolución digital trastoca el comportamiento de las empresas, su entorno, los patrones de consumo, al tiempo que modifica la estructura de empleos y salarios en los sectores en los que opera. En sí misma, significa una importante transformación que no puede interrumpirse, por lo que se debe tratar de aprender a manejarla en lugar de negarla o frenarla. Los países latinoamericanos usan las nuevas tecnologías en diversos grados, pero no las producen. Por lo tanto, como resultado, obtienen efectos negativos sobre el empleo, el desempleo, el aumento del empleo informal, mientras que el ingreso laboral es probablemente más alto en los países avanzados y en los países asiáticos emergentes que si la producen.</p>
THE ROLE OF CHEMOTHERAPY IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Authors: Almuradova D.M. 
Published: September 2018

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent tumor worldwide. Triple-negative BCs are characterized by the negative estrogen and progesterone receptors and negative HER2, and represent 12-18% of all BCs.Breast cancer (breast cancer) is the most common oncological disease in women in the Uzbekistan. Data from epidemiological studies show that TNBC is more common in young women (up to 50 years) before menopause. In addition, the likelihood of TNBC is higher in women with early menarche, the first pregnancy at an earlier age, a short period of breastfeeding, and an increased body mass index. It should be not that the prognosis for TNBC does not depend on the degree of differentiation of the tumor, the presence of lymph node metastases, the size of the tumor or the treatment performed. The aggressiveness of TNBC was also confirmed by the maximum risk of recurrence during the first three years after surgical treatment with a maximum mortality within the first 5 years. TNBC is a subtype of tumors with a special character of metastasis. Based on the above, we have undertaken the present work, having set ourselves the following goal: to improve immediate and long-term results of treatment of patients with locally advanced thyroid cancer by using the most effective diagnostic methods and comprehensive treatment.
Keywords: Triple negative BC, neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and metastatic chemotherapy, paclitaxel, docetaxel, gemicitabine
CHLOROFORM FRACTION OF PARKIA JAVANICA BARK POSSESSES ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST MULTIDRUG RESISTANT GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA PREDOMINANTLY FOUND IN SKIN WOUND
Authors: Saha S , Karmakar P , Sil Samir Kumar 
Published: September 2018

Aim: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Parkia javanica against gram negative MDR bacterial strains which are predominantly found in skin wound. Methods: The 5 different solvent fractions of Parkia javanica were screened for antibacterial activity against gram negative multi drug resistant bacterial strains namely Enterobacter aerugenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia by serial dilution technique. Growth kinetics study was performed and percentage of ROS production was measured by NBT reduction assay. Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were obtained with a range of IC100 0.08-0.31 mg/ml in case of MDR bacterial strains. The lag phase of all extract treated bacteria is extended compared to untreated cells. The normalized % of ROS is increased in presence of Parkia javanica extract. Conclusions: This study suggests that, chloroform fraction of Parkia javanica possesses promising antimicrobial substances which are having activity against MDR bacterial strains and ROS induced bacterial cell damage could be the possible mediator of its antimicrobial activity.
Keywords: Parkia javanica, antibacterial activity, MDR bacterial strains, growth curve, ROS.
A REVIEW ON DISINTEGRATION CONTROL MATRIX TABLETS
Authors: Kanke Pralhad K. , Sawant Pankaj , Jadhav Ajit , Usman Md. Rageeb Md. 
Published: September 2018

A number of sustained release formulations are available in the market which successfully sustained the drug release over a prolonged period of time by different mechanisms. The new approach for sustaining the drug release is disintegration control matrix tablet which sustained the drug release up to 24hrs by controlling the disintegration rate of tablet. Disintegration control matrix tablet (DCMT) mainly forms the granules containing drug and disintegrating agent such as low substituted hydroxyl propyl cellulose by various methods such as solid dispersion technique. The sustained release of drug is maintained by increasing the wax coating or decreasing the amount of disintegrants. The release of drug from tablet is uniform throughout till all the drug releases from tablet as it involves drug release by diffusion, dissolution and surface erosion mechanism. DCMT increases the solubility of drug and improves the bioavailability without disturbing gastrointestinal transit. BCS Class II, III, IV drugs are the best candidate for DCMT formulations.
Keywords: Disintegration control matrix tablet (DCMT), Wax, Disintegrating agent, Solid dispersion.
EVALUATION OF ANTI DIABETIC DRUG ALOGLIPTIN FOR THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY IN RATS
Authors: Ahmad Mohd. Fasih , Mani Babu D. J. , Pradhan Anup 
Published: September 2018

Obesity is a complex disease caused by the interaction of a myriad of genetic, dietary, lifestyle, and environmental factors, which favors a chronic positive energy balance, and leads to increased body fat mass. The incidence of obesity is rising at an alarming rate and is becoming a major public health concern with incalculable social costs. Indeed, obesity facilitates the development of metabolic disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases in addition to chronic diseases such as stroke, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, some cancers, and inflammation based pathologies. Standard reference Sibutramine produced a significant anti obesity activity in HFD induced obesity in rats. Alogliptin with medium and high doses exhibited a significant anti obesity activity by reducing the body weight, food intake, organ and fat pads weight and serum GLU, CHO, TRG, LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels with an increased HDL levels in HFD induced obesity models in rats.
Keywords: Alogliptin, Anti-obesity, Anti-diabetics, DPP-4
AN OVERVIEW OF ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENT QUALIFICATION WITH REFERENCE OF PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Authors: Kapoor Devesh , Vyas Ruchi B. , Dadrwal Diwaker 
Published: September 2018

In the most general sense, validation refers to a process that consists of at least four distinct components or steps: software, instruments, methods or procedures, and system suitability The system, the software, and the method must all be validated, and system suitability is used to keep the process in check. But while the overall process is called validation, some of the steps also are referred to by that same term, as well as other steps such as qualification and verification. Analytical instruments are used for a specific analysis. So regular performance verifications are made to ensure that the instrument to be used is suitable for its intended application. All equipments used in the production of products shall be properly Validated and Calibrated to demonstrate that it is suitable for its intended purpose. The current equipment qualification programs and procedures used within the pharmaceutical industry are based on regulatory requirements, voluntary standards, vendor practices, and industry practices. The result is considerable variation in the way pharmaceutical companies approach the qualification of laboratory equipment and the way they interpret the often vague requirements. The process for instrument qualification follows the 4Qs model approach. It include design qualification (DQ), Installation qualification (IQ), Operational qualification (OQ), Performance qualification (PQ). The goal of any regulated laboratory is to provide reliable and valid data suitable for its intended purpose. Analysts use validated methods, system suitability tests, and in-process quality control checks to ensure that the data they acquire are reliable and that there are specific guidance and procedures available to ensure compliance.
Keywords: Qualification, FDA, Instruments, Validation, Calibration, Documentation
UNDERSTANDING THE MECHANISM OF DRUG-RESISTANT AND TUMOR RECURRENCE IN LIVER CANCER
Authors: Sekar Vasanthakumar , Dhandapani Muthu , Balakrishnan Babu , Balasubramanian Kaleeswaran , Madhavan Sivalingam Azhagu , Ganesan Sivamani 
Published: September 2018

Chemo-resistant and tumor recurrence are the major hurdle to overcome the cancer patients. Especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is notoriously refractory to chemotherapy because of its tendency to develop multi-drug resistance (MDR), through various mechanisms. Aim: The current research is focussed on understanding the mechanism involved in chemo-resistant and tumor recurrence in liver cancer. Methods: Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Huh7) was used entire study. Huh7 cells were cultured with known chemotherapeutic drugs such as 5-FU, Paclitaxel and Cisplatin-based on their Cmax concentration, and then these drug-treated cells were examined for chemoresistant and tumor recurrence properties through flow cytometry analysis, spheroid formation assay, and morphological analysis. Results: In morphological analysis confirm these all the chemo drugs were shown more cytotoxic effete than control, even though there were few viable cells noticed in cisplatin treatment. In flow cytometry analysis cisplatin pre-treated cells were well expressed LCSC marker such as CD133 and stem cell transduction factors like Oct-4 & Nanog than control. In addition to this, all the CD133 expressed cells also expressed to EpCAM. In spheroid formation assay, cisplatin pre-treated cells shown well-defined spheroid than control. Conclusion: LCSC plays a major role in chemoresistant and tumor recurrence through PI3K/Akt/mTOR, wnt-β catenin signaling, NF-kB signaling. So, targeting LCSC through EpCAM targeted therapy along with chemotherapy might be the better option for enhanced prognosis.
Keywords: LCSC, Chemoresistant, Tumor recurrence, Hepatocellular carcinoma.
Indian toad (Bufo melanostictus, Schneider) skin extract induces apoptosis and shows cytotoxic effect on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells
Authors: Giri Biplab , Dey Sananda , Gomes Antony 
Published: September 2018

Indian toad (Bufo melanostictus) skin extract (TSE) was evaluated for cytotoxic and apoptogenic activities on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells of EAC bearing Swiss albino male mice. LD50 of TSE was found to be 400 mg kg-1, (i.v.) and 750 mg kg-1, (i.p.) in mice. EAC cells (1-2 ´ 105 / mouse) were inoculated (i.p.) into mice (20.6 ± 0.14 gm) and the status of EAC cell proliferation and viability were studied in control and TSE treated groups. TSE (10, 20, 30 mg kg-1 d-1, i.p. for 10 d) significantly inhibit EAC cell growth in dose dependent manner. TSE (50, 100 mg kg-1 d-1, i.p. for 1 d) significantly reduced the viability of EAC cells and decreased the MTT values compared to control cells. TSE induced DNA breakage was reflected in DNA ladder and single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). TSE significantly (P<0.001) increased the number tailed cells and length-width ratio of DNA mass in EAC cells as compared to control. Fluorescent microscopy of TSE treated cells showed significant increase in number of early and late apoptotic cells compared to the control EAC cells. Apoptotic index of TSE treated cells was significantly (P<0.001) higher than that of the control cells. Changes in serum LDH, β2-microglobulin in TSE treated EAC mice and our earlier studies indicated the involvement of immunomodulation which may indirectly be associated with the anticancer activity of TSE.
Keywords: Toad skin extract; Bufo melanostictus; Ehrlich ascites carcinoma; Cytotoxic agent;
RANDOMISED DOUBLE-BLIND PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY OF FOLIC ACID ADJUNCT FOR 8 WEEKS IN HYPERHOMOCYSTEINAEMIC HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN ZARIA, NIGERIA
Authors: ONYEMELUKWE Obiageli U , MAIHA Bilkisu B , AYANWUYI Lydia O , DAHIRU Tukur 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: This study was aimed at determining the effect of folic acid adjunct therapy on homocysteine (HCY) and blood pressure (BP) levels in hypertensive subjects.
Method: The study was a double blind placebo-controlled trial on 100 hypertensive patients randomised into 50 folate and 50 placebo groups, where the folate group had 5 mg folic acid daily for 8 weeks. Fasting plasma homocysteine, folate and blood pressure levels were determined at baseline, at 4 and at 8 weeks. The Mixed Model Repeated Measures analysis of variance was applied for data analysis.
Results: Hyperhomocysteinaemia was found at baseline in the folate (21.3 ± 5.7 µmol/L) and placebo (21.6 ± 4.9 µmol/L) groups which did not differ statistically (p > 0.05). Folic acid adjunct therapy, reduced homocysteine levels at 4 weeks by 2.0 µmol/L (9.2 %, p < 0.05) and at 8 weeks by 1.2 µmol/L (5.6 %, p < 0.05), with no significant (p > 0.05) systolic and diastolic blood pressure lowering effect. High base-line folate levels were found in both folate (113.8 ± 51.2 ng/ml) and placebo groups (109.5 ± 51.4 ng/ml) with no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Short-term daily folic acid supplementation over 8 weeks had a significant homocysteine reduction effect with no significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressures of hypertensive subjects in Zaria, Nigeria. Hyperhomocysteinaemia could not be accounted for by suboptimal folate levels.
Keywords: Hypertension, Homocysteine, Blood pressure, Folate, Placebo, Nigeria.