Abstract 4361: Kynurenine - Aryl hydrocarbon receptor axis: A crucial modulator of immunometabolism in cisplatin resistant lung cancer
Authors: Wangpaichitr Medhi , Nguyen Dan JM , Li Ying-Ying , Wu Chunjing , Feun Lynn G. , Savaraj Niramol 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The effect of tumor metabolism on the tumor microenvironment is not well established. Our previous data have shown that cisplatin resistant (CR) lung cancer cells increased secretion of thioredoxin-1 (TRX1) and kynurenine (KYN). Interestingly, high TRX1 and KYN levels in tumor microenvironment can enhance immunosuppressive environment. We have demonstrated that CR cells possessed lower levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) due to metabolic re-programming. ARNT or HIF1β is a known binding partner of both HIF1α and aryl hydrocarbon (AHR). Importantly, recent study indicates that KYN can serve as an endogenous ligand for AHR in cancer cells. Thus, we hypothesize that in the absence of HIF1α, ARNT is now available to bind and form a new partner with KYN/AHR and initiate the transcription of genes which favor survival/proliferation of CR cells. Four pairs of NSCLC cell lines and their CR variants (ALC, FC, H460R, A549R) were used. Using immunofluorescence technique, our result showed that AHR localized primary in the nucleus of CR cells when compared with parental cell counterparts. We further determined that KYN was specific to AHR activation in CR cells by inhibiting AHR translocation using 10µM of dimethoxyflavone (DMF; an AHR antagonist). AHR was less accumulated inside nuclease after treatment. Importantly, treatment of DMF also resulted in suppression of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) activities. To further verify these findings, we assayed the expression of AHR-target gene (LAT1 and CYP1B1) with and without adding KYN. Both genes expressions were higher in CR cells and were further augmented upon an addition of KYN. In contrast, we did not find an increase in LAT1 after exposure to KYN in parental cells. Using flow cytometer, we found that CR cells possessed higher surface-LAT1 levels when compared to parental cell counterparts, and treatment of KYN resulted in significant tryptophan uptake in CR cells. Importantly, treatment with IDO1 inhibitor (5.5uM) significantly suppressed LAT1 and CYP1B1 expression in CR cells and reverse cisplatin resistance in CR from 2.5 to 0.75 μg/ml (3.3 fold). Thus, our data strongly indicate that KYN/AHR/ARNT axis plays a unique modulator role in CR cells metabolism. Overall these results will have potential impact on (i) how one can effectively exploit the KP pathway to treat CR tumors, and (ii) improving understanding on how CR cells evade immune surveillance. Supported by Department of Veterans Affairs (BLR&D Merit review and CDA2)
Citation Format: Medhi Wangpaichitr, Dan JM Nguyen, Ying-Ying Li, Chunjing Wu, Lynn G. Feun, Niramol Savaraj. Kynurenine - Aryl hydrocarbon receptor axis: A crucial modulator of immunometabolism in cisplatin resistant lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4361.