bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Selective Non‐operative Management of Penetrating Cervical Venous Trauma is Safe and Effective
Authors: Madsen Andre S. , Bruce John L. , Oosthuizen George V. , Bekker Wanda , Laing Grant L. , Clarke Damian L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis paper reviews our experience with penetrating cervical venous trauma and aims to validate the selective non‐operative management (SNOM) of these injuries.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained registry. All patients presenting alive with an injury to the internal jugular vein, subclavian vein or innominate vein following a PNI were reviewed for a 6‐year period.ResultsAmong 817 patients admitted for the management of PNI, 76 (9.3%) had a venous injury. Of these, 37 (48.7%) patients were managed non‐surgically, 20 (26.3%) required immediate surgical exploration, seven of whom had an associated arterial injury, and 19 (25%) underwent surgery following a diagnostic CTA, 16 of whom had an associated arterial or aero‐digestive injury. In total, only 16 (21.1%) of the 76 patients required exploration for venous injury alone. The majority (63.2%) of patients had a history of severe bleeding or hemodynamic instability prior to arrival, but only 20 (26.3%) required immediate exploration. Two (2.6%) patients died as a result of venous injury. No patients developed complications related to the venous injury.ConclusionsSNOM is applicable to a well‐defined subset of patients with isolated penetrating cervical venous trauma to the IJV and SCV identified on CTA.
Evaluation of Alteplase 1 mg for the Restoration of Occluded Central Venous Access Devices in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Jafari Nellie , Seidl Edward , Dancsecs Karly 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background: Alteplase is a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator that is approved for the treatment of occluded central venous access devices (CVADs) and is commercially available as a 2 mg/2 mL dose. Due to the increasing price of 2 mg/2 mL alteplase vials, our institution switched to using a 1 mg/1 mL dose for certain CVADs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use, effectiveness, and cost of a maximum of 2 doses of 1 mg/1 mL alteplase for the restoration of an occluded catheter.
Methods: A report was generated to identify patients who were administered 1 mg alteplase during the period May 2016 through July 2016. A chart review was performed on each patient identified to collect the data needed, such as documentation of a dysfunctional lumen and documentation of patency after alteplase 1 mg was given. To determine the cost of waste, expired 1-mg syringes returned to the pharmacy were collected.
Results: In total, there were 524 1-mg alteplase doses administered during the 3-month time frame. The effectiveness after the first and second dose was 88% and 80%, respectively. Thirty-four doses were wasted, resulting in a cost of around $2,200. It is estimated that the 1-mg syringes provided the institution with $136,000 in annualized savings.
Conclusions: It is beneficial to use 1 mg alteplase for occluded CVADs. The cost of waste is nominal compared with the cost savings for the institution. The next step is to analyze other doses of alteplase to find additional areas of cost savings.
Evaluation and significance of Eustachian tube angles and pretympanic diameter in HRCT temporal bone of patients with chronic otitis media
Authors: Nemade Sanjana Vijay , Shinde Kiran Jaywant , Rangankar Varsha P. , Bhole Priya 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the significance of Eustachian tube (ET) angles and ET pretympanic diameter on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) Temporal bone in patients with chronic otitis media (COM).MethodsA retrospective study was carried out at Tertiary care centre. Group A included 92 ears with COM (38 patients with bilateral COM and 16 with unilateral COM); and Group B included 108 normal ears (54 patients with bilateral normal ears). Reid plane‐ET angle, Tubotympanic angle and the ET pretympanic diameter was evaluated by HRCT temporal bone, and compared in the two groups. Patients with chronic otitis media (Group A) were subdivided into Group A1 (Blocked ET) and Group A2 (Patent ET). The parameters were evaluated and compared in the subgroups too.ResultsThe mean Reid plane‐ET angle and Tubotympanic angle in Group A was 25.41 ± 2.57 and 148.12 ± 3.43 respectively; whereas in Group B it was 27.56 ± 3.62 and 145.14 ± 4.34 respectively. Reid plane‐ET angle was significantly less in patients with COM and Tubotympanic angle was significantly more obtuse in COM patients. ET pretympanic diameter was (5.37 ± 2.10) mm in Group A and (6.47 ± 2.40) mm in Group B. It was significantly less in patients with COM. A significant correlation was found between the ET patency and the two ET parameters (Reid plane‐ET angle and pretympanic diameter).ConclusionsEustachian tube angles in adults may play a significant role in the etiology of chronic otitis media. Decrease in Reid plane‐ET angle and pretympanic diameter on HRCT temporal bone can be used to predict ET dysfunction and to plan the surgical management of chronic otitis media.
The Potential Impact of Border Security Upon Prevalence of Infectious Disease
Authors: Dallas Christiana R. , Harris Curtis H. , Dallas Cham E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn the U.S., migration has been documented to affect the prevalence of infectious disease. As a mitigation entity, border security has been recorded by numerous scholarly works as being essential to the support of the health of the U.S. population. Consequently, the lack of current health care monitoring of the permeable U.S. border places the U.S. population at risk in the broad sectors of infectious disease and interpersonal violence. Visualizing border security in the context of public health mitigation has significant potential to protect migrant health as well as that of all populations on both sides of the border. Examples of how commonly this philosophy is held can be found in the expansive use of security-focused terms regarding public health. Using tools such as GIS to screen for disease in people before their entrance into a nation would be more efficient and ethical than treating patients once they have entered a population and increased the impact on the healthcare system. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:554–562)
Proudly for Brooke: Race-Conscious Campaigning in 1960s Massachusetts
Authors: Johnson Richard 
Published: March 2018

AbstractScholars have credited the victory of Edward Brooke, America's first popularly elected black U.S. senator, to a “deracialized” or “color-blind” election strategy in which both the candidate and the electorate ignored racial matters. This article revises this prevailing historical explanation of Brooke's election. Drawing from the historical-ideational paradigm of Desmond King and Rogers Smith, this paper argues that Brooke was much more of a “race-conscious” candidate than is generally remembered. Primary documents from the 1966 campaign reveal that Brooke spoke openly against racial inequality, argued in favor of racially targeted policies, and called for stronger racial equality legislation. In addition, this paper argues that Brooke's appeals were not targeted primarily to the state's small black population but to liberal whites. Far from ignoring race, internal campaign documents and interviews with campaign staff reveal that Brooke's campaign strategists sought to appeal to white desires to “do the right thing” by electing an African American candidate. Internal polling documents from the Brooke campaign and newspaper commentaries further demonstrate that a proportion of the white electorate cited Brooke's race as the reasonforsupporting his candidacy. This paper suggests that Brooke's election was extremely well timed—coming soon after the passage of the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act but before the urban riots of the “long hot summer of 1967”, the King assassination riots, and anti-busing riots in Boston. The first half of Brooke's 1966 campaign slogan “Proudly for Brooke: A Creative Republican” signals the race-conscious dynamics of his candidacy.
Is self-guided internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) harmful? An individual participant data meta-analysis
Authors: Karyotaki Eirini , Kemmeren Lise , Riper Heleen , Twisk Jos , Hoogendoorn Adriaan , Kleiboer Annet , Mira Adriana , Mackinnon Andrew , Meyer Björn , Botella Cristina , Littlewood Elizabeth , Andersson Gerhard , Christensen Helen , Klein Jan P. , Schröder Johanna , Bretón-López Juana , Scheider Justine , Griffiths Kathy , Farrer Louise , Huibers Marcus J. H. , Phillips Rachel , Gilbody Simon , Moritz Steffen , Berger Thomas , Pop Victor , Spek Viola , Cuijpers Pim 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about potential harmful effects as a consequence of self-guided internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (iCBT), such as symptom deterioration rates. Thus, safety concerns remain and hamper the implementation of self-guided iCBT into clinical practice. We aimed to conduct an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of clinically significant deterioration (symptom worsening) in adults with depressive symptoms who received self-guided iCBT compared with control conditions. Several socio-demographic, clinical and study-level variables were tested as potential moderators of deterioration.MethodsRandomised controlled trials that reported results of self-guided iCBT compared with control conditions in adults with symptoms of depression were selected. Mixed effects models with participants nested within studies were used to examine possible clinically significant deterioration rates.ResultsThirteen out of 16 eligible trials were included in the present IPD meta-analysis. Of the 3805 participants analysed, 7.2% showed clinically significant deterioration (5.8% and 9.1% of participants in the intervention and control groups, respectively). Participants in self-guided iCBT were less likely to deteriorate (OR 0.62, p < 0.001) compared with control conditions. None of the examined participant- and study-level moderators were significantly associated with deterioration rates.ConclusionsSelf-guided iCBT has a lower rate of negative outcomes on symptoms than control conditions and could be a first step treatment approach for adult depression as well as an alternative to watchful waiting in general practice.
Seed mass and elevation explain variation in seed longevity of Australian alpine species
Authors: Satyanti Annisa , Nicotra Adrienne B. , Merkling Thomas , Guja Lydia K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractConserving alpine ecosystems and the plant communities they contain using ex situ conservation requires an understanding of seed longevity. Knowledge of seed longevity may determine the effectiveness of ex situ seed banking for alpine plant conservation, and may provide insight into plant recruitment in situ. We sought to determine the influence of elevation and climatic variables, as well as plant and seed traits, on the seed longevity of 57 species inhabiting a unique biome, (sub-)alpine regions of mainland Australia. Seed longevity was estimated using controlled accelerated ageing tests to determine the time taken for seed viability to fall by 50%. We found that, across the study species, like alpine seeds elsewhere in the world, Australian alpine seeds are relatively short-lived and overall shorter-lived than Australian plants in general. Seed mass and elevation explained most of the variation in seed longevity among the Australian alpine species considered. Species with larger seed mass, and collections made at higher elevations, were found to have relatively short-lived seeds. Phylogeny, however, explained very little of the variation in longevity. Our results suggest that viability testing for Australian alpine seeds in ex situ seed banks should be conducted with shorter intervals than for the non-alpine flora. This study highlights how seed longevity in the Australian Alps is not dictated primarily by evolutionary lineage but rather by a complex combination of environmental variables and intrinsic seed characteristics. Potential implications for conservation ex situ and in situ in the context of climate change are discussed.
Availability, quality and price of produce in low-income neighbourhood food stores in California raise equity issues
Authors: Gosliner Wendi , Brown Daniel M , Sun Betty C , Woodward-Lopez Gail , Crawford Patricia B 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess produce availability, quality and price in a large sample of food stores in low-income neighbourhoods in California.DesignCross-sectional statewide survey.SettingBetween 2011 and 2015, local health departments assessed store type, WIC (Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children)/SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) participation, produce availability, quality and price of selected items in stores in low-income neighbourhoods. Secondary data provided reference chain supermarket produce prices matched by county and month.tTests and ANOVA examined differences by store type; regression models examined factors associated with price.SubjectsLarge grocery stores (n231), small markets (n621) and convenience stores (n622) in 225 neighbourhoods.ResultsProduce in most large groceries was rated high quality (97 % of fruits, 98 % of vegetables), but not in convenience stores (25 % fruits, 14 % vegetables). Small markets and convenience stores participating in WIC and/or SNAP had better produce availability, variety and quality than non-participating stores. Produce prices across store types were, on average, higher than reference prices from matched chain supermarkets (27 % higher in large groceries, 37 % higher in small markets, 102 % higher in convenience stores). Price was significantly inversely associated with produce variety, adjusting for quality, store type, and SNAP and WIC participation.ConclusionsThe study finds that fresh produce is more expensive in low-income neighbourhoods and that convenience stores offer more expensive, poorer-quality produce than other stores. Variety is associated with price and most limited in convenience stores, suggesting more work is needed to determine how convenience stores can provide low-income consumers with access to affordable, high-quality produce. WIC and SNAP can contribute to the solution.
Orthodontic tooth separation activates the hypothalamic area in the human brain
Authors: Ariji Yoshiko , Kondo Hisataka , Miyazawa Ken , Tabuchi Masako , Koyama Syuji , Kise Yoshitaka , Togari Akifumi , Gotoh Shigemi , Ariji Eiichiro 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Objectives
An animal experiment clarified that insertion of an orthodontic apparatus activated the trigeminal neurons of the medulla oblongata. Orthodontic tooth movement is known to be associated with the sympathetic nervous system and controlled by the nucleus of the hypothalamus. However, the transmission of both has not been demonstrated in humans. The purpose of this study were to examine the activated cerebral areas using brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), when orthodontic tooth separators were inserted, and to confirm the possibility of the transmission route from the medulla oblongata to the hypothalamus.

Methods
Two types of alternative orthodontic tooth separators (brass contact gauge and floss) were inserted into the right upper premolars of 10 healthy volunteers. Brain functional T2*-weighted images and anatomical T1-weighted images were taken.

Results
The blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signals following insertion of a brass contact gauge and floss significantly increased in the somatosensory association cortex and hypothalamic area.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest the possibility of a transmission route from the medulla oblongata to the hypothalamus.
Concerns on a new therapy for severe heart failure using cell sheets with skeletal muscle or myocardial cells from iPS cells in Japan
Authors: Yui Yoshiki 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn Japan, a new therapy for severe heart failure using skeletal myocardial sheet is ongoing and a treatment using iPS cells is just about to start. However, I think there are problems and concerns. In this comment, I will express concerns on these treatments. This will be useful and interesting to stem cell researchers and clinical cardiologists.
LepVax, a defined subunit vaccine that provides effective pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis of M. leprae infection
Authors: Duthie Malcolm S. , Pena Maria T. , Ebenezer Gigi J. , Gillis Thomas P. , Sharma Rahul , Cunningham Kelly , Polydefkis Michael , Maeda Yumi , Makino Masahiko , Truman Richard W. , Reed Steven G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSustained elimination of leprosy as a global health concern likely requires a vaccine. The current standard, BCG, confers only partial protection and precipitates paucibacillary (PB) disease in some instances. When injected into mice with the T helper 1 (Th1)-biasing adjuvant formulation Glucopyranosyl Lipid Adjuvant in stable emulsion (GLA-SE), a cocktail of three prioritized antigens (ML2055, ML2380 and ML2028) reduced M. leprae infection levels. Recognition and protective efficacy of a single chimeric fusion protein incorporating these antigens, LEP-F1, was confirmed in similar experiments. The impact of post-exposure immunization was then assessed in nine-banded armadillos that demonstrate a functional recapitulation of leprosy. Armadillos were infected with M. leprae 1 month before the initiation of post-exposure prophylaxis. While BCG precipitated motor nerve conduction abnormalities more rapidly and severely than observed for control infected armadillos, motor nerve injury in armadillos treated three times, at monthly intervals with LepVax was appreciably delayed. Biopsy of cutaneous nerves indicated that epidermal nerve fiber density was not significantly altered in M. leprae-infected animals although Remak Schwann cells of the cutaneous nerves in the distal leg were denser in the infected armadillos. Importantly, LepVax immunization did not exacerbate cutaneous nerve involvement due to M. leprae infection, indicating its safe use. There was no intraneural inflammation but a reduction of intra axonal edema suggested that LepVax treatment might restore some early sensory axonal function. These data indicate that post-exposure prophylaxis with LepVax not only appears safe but, unlike BCG, alleviates and delays the neurologic disruptions caused by M. leprae infection.
Neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine in a murine model of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wu Jin , Vogel Todd , Gao Xiang , Lin Bin , Kulwin Charles , Chen Jinhui 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNo FDA approved pharmacological therapy is available that would reduce cell death following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is a highly selective agonist of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors and has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in hippocampal slice cultures undergoing direct impact. However, no one has tested whether Dex, in addition to its sedative action, has neuroprotective effects in an animal model of TBI. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the effects of Dex on an animal model of TBI. Mice received different doses of Dex (1, 10, or 100 µg/kg bodyweight, n = 10 each group) or saline as control at 1 hour and 12 hours following TBI. The mice treated with Dex lost less cortical tissue than the control mice. Further analysis found that Dex treatment reduced cell death in the cortex and the hippocampus measured by Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) staining, prevented axonal degeneration detected by immunostaining with antibody against β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP), and protected synapses from elimination with synaptophysin staining. Taken together, in an in vivo murine model of TBI, Dex at the dose of 100 µg/kg not only prevented tissue lesion and cell death, but also reduced axonal injury and synaptic degeneration caused by TBI.
Structure and Distribution of an Unrecognized Interstitium in Human Tissues
Authors: Benias Petros C. , Wells Rebecca G. , Sackey-Aboagye Bridget , Klavan Heather , Reidy Jason , Buonocore Darren , Miranda Markus , Kornacki Susan , Wayne Michael , Carr-Locke David L. , Theise Neil D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractConfocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) provides real-time histologic imaging of human tissues at a depth of 60–70 μm during endoscopy. pCLE of the extrahepatic bile duct after fluorescein injection demonstrated a reticular pattern within fluorescein-filled sinuses that had no known anatomical correlate. Freezing biopsy tissue before fixation preserved the anatomy of this structure, demonstrating that it is part of the submucosa and a previously unappreciated fluid-filled interstitial space, draining to lymph nodes and supported by a complex network of thick collagen bundles. These bundles are intermittently lined on one side by fibroblast-like cells that stain with endothelial markers and vimentin, although there is a highly unusual and extensive unlined interface between the matrix proteins of the bundles and the surrounding fluid. We observed similar structures in numerous tissues that are subject to intermittent or rhythmic compression, including the submucosae of the entire gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder, the dermis, the peri-bronchial and peri-arterial soft tissues, and fascia. These anatomic structures may be important in cancer metastasis, edema, fibrosis, and mechanical functioning of many or all tissues and organs. In sum, we describe the anatomy and histology of a previously unrecognized, though widespread, macroscopic, fluid-filled space within and between tissues, a novel expansion and specification of the concept of the human interstitium.
The evolution of 17O-excess in surface water of the arid environment during recharge and evaporation
Authors: Surma J. , Assonov S. , Herwartz D. , Voigt C. , Staubwasser M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study demonstrates the potential of triple O-isotopes to quantify evaporation with recharge on a salt lake from the Atacama Desert, Chile. An evaporative gradient was found in shallow ponds along a subsurface flow-path from a groundwater source. Total dissolved solids (TDS) increased by 177 g/l along with an increase in δ18O by 16.2‰ and in δD by 65‰. 17O-excess decreased by 79 per meg, d-excess by 55‰. Relative humidity (h), evaporation over inflow (E/I), the isotopic composition of vapor (*RV) and of inflowing water (*RWI) determine the isotope distribution in 17O-excess over δ18O along a well-defined evaporation curve as the classic Craig-Gordon model predicts. A complementary on-site simple (pan) evaporation experiment over a change in TDS, δ18O, and 17O-excess by 392 g/l, 25.0‰, and −130 per meg, respectively, was used to determine the effects of sluggish brine evaporation and of wind turbulence. These effects translate to uncertainty in E/I rather than h. The local composition of *RV relative to *RWI pre-determines the general ability to resolve changes in h. The triple O-isotope system is useful for quantitative hydrological balancing of lakes and for paleo-humidity reconstruction, particularly if complemented by D/H analysis.