bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Novel Surgical Data Capturing System After Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Brown Marsalis C. , Westermann Robert W. , Hagen Mia S. , Strnad Gregory J. , Rosneck James T. , Spindler Kurt P. , Lynch T. Sean 
Published: February 2019

Introduction:
The purpose of this study is to compare the utility and validity of the OrthoMiDaS (Orthopaedic Minimal Data Set) Episode of Care (OME) database with the current benchmark for recording procedural details, the operative note (OpNote), with regard to disease severity and risk factors for hip arthroscopy cases.

Methods:
A convenience sample of the first 100 hip arthroscopy cases for labral tears done at our institution between February and August 2015 were selected for this study. Surgeons recorded procedural details within OME after each case. An individual blinded to the OME data performed a chart review of the OpNote and/or implant log and recorded the information in a separate REDCap database.

Results:
OME demonstrated higher completion rates than the OpNote for important procedural details such as previous left and right hip surgery (P < 0.001), anchor type (P = 0.008), and labrum tear clockface variables (P < 0.001 for both). In addition, OME exhibited “near-perfect” agreement with the OpNote for several important procedural details such as surgical limb (Kappa = 1.000), suture configuration (Kappa = 0.982), repair type (Kappa = 0.947), tear clockface: from (Kappa = 0.949), and tear clockface: to (Kappa = 0.885). On average, surgeons took 117 seconds to complete data entry within OME.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study validate the ability of OME to accurately and consistently capture important procedural details pertaining to arthroscopic hip surgery. Through the use of OME, high-quality standardized information can be captured and used to advance the field of hip arthroscopy by determining the clinically useful predictors of patient-reported outcome measures.
Quantification of Vitamins A, E, and K and Carotenoids in Submilliliter Volumes of Human Milk
Authors: Levêques Antoine , Oberson Jean-Marie , Tissot Emeline Alexandra , Redeuil Karine , Thakkar Sagar K , Campos-Giménez Esther 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: Human milk is the optimal nutrition for all newborns in the first 6 months of life. In order to assess the nutritional needs of the breastfed infant, human milk is often characterized for multiple nutrients. Objective: To ensure that we minimize the volume of milk dedicated for research and optimize the number of nutrients characterized, we developed analytical methodologies for the determination of vitamins A (retinol), E (alpha and gamma tocopherol), K (phylloquinone and menaquinone-4), and five carotenoids (β-carotene, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin) using &lt;1 mL human milk. Method: Vitamins E and K and carotenoids are simultaneously isolated from 750 μL milk by liquid–liquid extraction (LLE). Tocopherols and carotenoids are determined by normal-phase LC with fluorescence and ultraviolet detection respectively. Vitamin K is analyzed on the same extracts after resuspension and clean-up by reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled to tandem MS. The analysis of vitamin A involves saponification of 200 μL milk followed by LLE and determination by normal-phase LC with UV detection. Results: Full single-laboratory validation at four different concentration levels is presented. Recovery rates were within 90–105% in all except one case (retinol at 1.9 μg/mL, 88% recovery), with RSDs of repeatability and intermediate reproducibility below 10 and 15%, respectively for all the compounds. Conclusions and Highlights: To the best of best knowledge, this is the first report that allows for the characterization and quantification of vitamins A, E, and K and five carotenoids in &lt;1 mL human milk.
Systemer, portaler og platforme
Authors: Pedersen Michael , Dalsgaard Christian 
Published: February 2019

Editorial
Som baggrund for dette nummer af tidsskriftet Læring og Medier rejser vi
spørgsmålet om, hvordan teknologi indvirker på eksisterende praksisser. I
temanummeret ønsker vi at sætte fokus på de pædagogiske og didaktiske
implikationer af systemer og portaler, der de seneste år er implementeret
bredt på danske uddannelsesinstitutioner. Der er tale om teknologiske
systemer og portaler, der eksempelvis betegnes som e-læringssystemer,
læringsportaler, Learning Management Systems eller Virtual Learning
Environments. Et centralt spørgsmål i denne sammenhæng er, hvad et elæringssystem,
en læringsportal eller -platform overhovedet er for en
størrelse. Skal vi betegne dem som systemer eller værktøjer eller som
læringsmiljøer eller klasserum?
I hvor høj grad har brugerne – i form af både lærere, undervisere, elever og
studerende – kontrollen over teknologierne, og i hvilken grad er det
teknologierne der påvirker praksissen og dens udøvere? Er det teknologien,
der sætter rammerne for hvordan f.eks. læreren kan handle? - hvilket
potentielt kan være i uoverensstemmelse med, hvordan læreren plejer at
handle. Eller etablerer teknologierne nærmere et udvidet mulighedsrum, der
forstærker lærerens valg og metodefrihed til at tilrettelægge undervisningen
efter egne overbevisninger.
Hvis teknologiens rammer opleves som begrænsninger kan teknologien
enten blive afvist eller blive tilpasset en eksisterende praksis og tænkemåde.
Opleves teknologiens rammer som muligheder, kan teknologien i stedet
udfordre vante handlinger og forestillinger og åbne for, at man begynder at
handle eller tænke på ny måder.
Under alle omstændigheder er teknologierne noget, man skal forholde sig til i
de danske uddannelsesinstitutioner. Derfor sætter dette temanummer fokus
på følgende spørgsmål:
• Hvilke rammer og mulighedsrum opstiller teknologierne?
• Hvordan begrænser og/eller fremmer systemerne lærerens
pædagogiske og didaktiske muligheder?
• Findes der en indbygget pædagogik/didaktik i systemerne?
• Er der tale om en “udlicitering” af pædagogiske og didaktiske metoder til systemudviklere?
Dual mechanism of TRKB activation by anandamide through CB1 and TRPV1 receptors
Authors: Diniz Cassiano R.A.F. , Biojone Caroline , Joca Samia R.L. , Rantamäki Tomi , Castrén Eero , Guimarães Francisco S. , Casarotto Plinio C. 
Published: February 2019

Background
Administration of anandamide (AEA) or 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) induces CB1 coupling and activation of TRKB receptors, regulating the neuronal migration and maturation in the developing cortex. However, at higher concentrations AEA also engages vanilloid receptor TRPV1, usually with opposed consequences on behavior.

Methods and Results
Using primary cell cultures from the cortex of rat embryos (E18) we determined the effects of AEA on phosphorylated TRKB (pTRK). We observed that AEA (at 100 and 200 nM) induced a significant increase in pTRK levels. Such effect of AEA at 100 nM was blocked by pretreatment with the CB1 antagonist AM251 (200 nM) and, at the higher concentration of 200 nM by the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine (200 nM), but mildly attenuated by AM251. Interestingly, the effect of AEA or capsaicin (a TRPV1 agonist, also at 200 nM) on pTRK was blocked by TRKB.Fc (a soluble form of TRKB able to bind BDNF) or capsazepine, suggesting a mechanism dependent on BDNF release. Using the marble-burying test (MBT) in mice, we observed that the local administration of ACEA (a CB1 agonist) into the prelimbic region of prefrontal cortex (PL-PFC) was sufficient to reduce the burying behavior, while capsaicin or BDNF exerted the opposite effect, increasing the number of buried marbles. In addition, both ACEA and capsaicin effects were blocked by previous administration of k252a (an antagonist of TRK receptors) into PL-PFC. The effect of systemically injected CB1 agonist WIN55,212-2 was blocked by previous administration of k252a. We also observed a partial colocalization of CB1/TRPV1/TRKB in the PL-PFC, and the localization of TRPV1 in CaMK2+ cells.

Conclusion
Taken together, our data indicate that anandamide engages a coordinated activation of TRKB, via CB1 and TRPV1. Thus, acting upon CB1 and TRPV1, AEA could regulate the TRKB-dependent plasticity in both pre- and postsynaptic compartments.
Comparison the Effect of Golghand and Foot Reflexology on Constipation in Elderlies
Authors: Moghadam Tayebeh Mirani , Shareinia Habib , Moghadam Hosein Mohammadzadeh , Sajjadi Moosa , Rajabi Amir Reza 
Published: February 2019

Objective: Constipation is one of the most common problems of the elderly, causing many complications and high costs for these individuals and affecting their quality of life. This study aimed to compare the effect of Golghand (a pharmaceutical composition of roses and honey) and foot reflexology on constipation in the elderly.
Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 60 elderly people with constipation in 2017. Subjects were selected through simple and purposive sampling and were randomly allocated to Golghand and foot reflexology groups by permuted block method. The foot reflexology was carried out in the specific area of constipation twice a day and each time for 15 minutes for two weeks. Golghand group received Golghand half an hour before lunch (one teaspoon of Golghand in one cup of cooled boiled water). Constipation assessment scale was filled for the subjects before and at the end of the intervention by an evaluator, who was unaware of the intervention approaches of the groups. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20 using statistical tests of Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney U, and Friedman test at the significance level of <0.05.
Results: In this research, mean age of the participants was 66±8.66 years. According to the results of Mann-Whitney U, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of the frequency of bowel movements on the first day after intervention (P=0.246). However, on days 2-14 after the intervention, a significant difference was observed between the study groups in this regard (P<0.05). Similarly, results of the Friedman test were indicative of a significant difference between the two groups regarding the frequency of bowel movements (P<0.001), in a way, that after the passing of the mean period, the number of bowel movements increased in both groups. However, this increase was higher in the Golghand group, compared to the foot reflexology group (P<0.001). Moreover, independent t-test demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding mean intensity of constipation (P=0.01).
Conclusion: Consumption of Golghand increased the frequency of bowel movements and reduced the intensity of constipation in elderly individuals. This method had greater impacts on constipation, compared to the foot reflexology technique.
Epid‐based in vivo dose verification for lung stereotactic treatments delivered with multiple breath‐hold segmented volumetric modulated arc therapy
Authors: Cilla Savino , Ianiro Anna , Craus Maurizio , Viola Pietro , Deodato Francesco , Macchia Gabriella , Buwenge Milly , Morganti Alessio G. , Valentini Vincenzo , Piermattei Angelo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe evaluated an EPID‐based in‐vivo dosimetry (IVD) method for the dose verification and the treatment reproducibility of lung SBRT‐VMAT treatments in clinical routine. Ten patients with lung metastases treated with Elekta VMAT technique were enrolled. All patients were irradiated in five consecutive fractions, with total doses of 50 Gy. Set‐up was carried out with the Elekta stereotactic body frame. Eight patients were simulated and treated using the Active Breath Control (ABC) system, a spirometer enabling patients to maintain a breath‐hold at a predetermined lung volume. Two patients were simulated and treated in free‐breathing using an abdominal compressor. IVD was performed using the SOFTDISO software. IVD tests were evaluated by means of (a) ratio R between daily in‐vivo isocenter dose and planned dose and (b) γ‐analysis between EPID integral portal images in terms of percentage of points with γ‐value smaller than one (γ%) and mean γ‐values (γmean) using a 3%(global)/3 mm criteria. Alert criteria of ±5% for R ratio, γ% < 90%, and γmean > 0.67 were chosen. 50 transit EPID images were acquired. For the patients treated with ABC spirometer, the results reported a high level of accuracy in dose delivery with 100% of tests within ±5%. The γ‐analysis showed a mean value of γmean equal to 0.21 (range: 0.04–0.56) and a mean γ% equal to 96.9 (range: 78–100). Relevant discrepancies were observed only for the two patients treated without ABC, mainly due to a blurring dose effect due to residual respiratory motion. Our method provided a fast and accurate procedure in clinical routine for verifying delivered dose as well as for detecting errors.
Whole‐body dose equivalent including neutrons is similar for 6 MV and 15 MV IMRT, VMAT, and 3D conformal radiotherapy
Authors: Hauri Pascal , Schneider Uwe 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeThis study investigates the difference in whole‐body dose equivalent between 6 and 15 MV image‐guided radiotherapy (IGRT) for the treatment of a rhabdomyosarcoma in the prostate.MethodsA previously developed model for stray radiation of the primary beam was improved and used to calculate the photon dose and photon energy in the out‐of‐field region for a radiotherapy patient. The dose calculated by the treatment planning system was fused with the model‐calculated out‐of‐field dose, resulting in a whole‐body photon dose distribution. The peripheral neutron dose equivalent was calculated using an analytical model from the literature. A daily cone beam CT dose was added to the neutron and photon dose equivalents. The calculated 3D dose distributions were compared to independent measurements conducted with thermoluminescence dosimeters and an anthropomorphic phantom. The dose contributions from the IGRT treatments of three different techniques applied with two nominal X‐ray energies were compared using dose equivalent volume histograms (DEVHs).ResultsThe calculated and measured out‐of‐field whole‐body dose equivalents for the IGRT treatments agreed within (9 ± 10) % (mean and type A SD). The neutron dose equivalent was a minor contribution to the total out‐of‐field dose up to 50 cm from the isocenter. Further from the isocenter, head leakage was dominating inside the patient body, whereas the neutron dose equivalent contribution was important close to the surface. There were small differences between the whole‐body DEVHs of the 6 and 15 MV treatments applied with the same technique, although the single scatter contributions showed large differences. Independent of the beam energy, the out‐of‐field dose of the volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment was significantly lower than the dynamic intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment.ConclusionThe calculated whole‐body dose helped to understand the importance of the dose contributions in different areas of the patient. Regarding radiation protection of the patient for IGRT treatments, the choice of beam energy is not important, whereas the treatment technique has a large influence on the out‐of‐field dose. If the patient is treated with intensity‐modulated beams, VMAT should be used instead of dynamic IMRT in terms of radiation protection of the patient. In general, the developed models for photon and neutron dose equivalent calculation can be used for any patient geometry, tumor location, and linear accelerator.
Impact and Timing of Smoking Cessation on Reducing Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis Among Women in the Nurses’ Health Studies
Authors: Liu Xinyi , Tedeschi Sara K. , Barbhaiya Medha , Leatherwood Cianna L. , Speyer Cameron B. , Lu Bing , Costenbader Karen H. , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Sparks Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact and timing of smoking cessation on developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and serologic phenotypes.MethodsWe investigated smoking cessation and RA risk in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) (1976–2014) and the NHS II (1989–2015). Smoking exposures and covariates were obtained by biennial questionnaires. Self‐reported RA was confirmed by medical record review for American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for RA serologic phenotypes (all, seropositive, seronegative) according to smoking status, intensity, pack‐years, and years since cessation.ResultsAmong 230,732 women, we identified 1,528 incident cases of RA (63.4% of which were seropositive) during 6,037,151 person‐years of follow‐up. Compared with never smoking, current smoking increased the risk of all RA (multivariable HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.27–1.72) and seropositive RA (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.38–2.01) but not seronegative RA (HR 1.20, 95% CI 0.93–1.55). An increasing number of smoking pack‐years was associated with an increased trend for the risk of all RA (P < 0.0001) and seropositive RA (P < 0.0001). With increasing duration of smoking cessation, a decreased trend for the risk of all RA was observed (P = 0.009) and seropositive RA (P = 0.002). Compared to recent quitters (<5 years), those who quit ≥30 years ago had an HR of 0.63 (95% CI 0.44–0.90) for seropositive RA. However, a modestly increased risk of RA was still detectable 30 years after quitting smoking (for all RA, HR 1.25 [95% CI 1.02–1.53]; for seropositive RA, HR 1.30 [95% CI 1.01–1.68]; reference, never smoking).ConclusionThese results confirm that smoking is a strong risk factor for developing seropositive RA and demonstrate for the first time that a behavior change of sustained smoking cessation could delay or even prevent seropositive RA.
High‐Fidelity Trapping of Spatial–Temporal Mitochondria with Rational Design of Aggregation‐Induced Emission Probes
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Qi , Guo Zhiqian , Zhang Shaoze , Yan Chenxu , Tian He , Zhu Wei‐Hong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHigh‐fidelity trapping of mitochondrial dynamic activity is critical to value cellular functions and forecast disease but lack of spatial–temporal probes. Given that commercial mitochondria probes suffering from low photostability, aggregation‐caused quenching effect, and limited signal‐to‐noise ratio from fluorescence “always on” in the process of targeting mitochondria, here, the rational design strategy of a novel aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) molecular motif and unique insight into the high‐fidelity targeting of mitochondria is reported, thereby illustrating the relationship between tailoring molecular aggregation state and mitochondrial targeting ability. This study focuses on how to exactly modulate the hydrophilicity and the aggregated state for realizing “off‐on” fluorescence, as well as matching the charge density to go across the cell membrane for mitochondrial targeting. Probe tricyano‐methylene‐pyridine (TCM‐1) exhibits an unprecedented high‐fidelity feedback on spatial–temporal mitochondrial information with several advantages such as “off‐on” near‐infrared characteristic, high targeting capacity, favorable biocompatibility, as well as excellent photostability. TCM‐1 also produces reactive oxygen species in situ for image‐guided photodynamic anticancer therapy. Through unraveling the relationship between tuning molecular aggregation behavior and organelle‐specific targeting ability, for the first time, a unique guide is provided in designing AIE‐active probes to explore the hydrophilicity and membrane potential for targeting subcellular organelles.
Efficient and Robust Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction Enabled by Atomically Dispersed Snδ+ Sites
Authors: Zu Xiaolong , Li Xiaodong , Liu Wei , Sun Yongfu , Xu Jiaqi , Yao Tao , Yan Wensheng , Gao Shan , Wang Chengming , Wei Shiqiang , Xie Yi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractElectrocatalytic CO2 reduction at considerably low overpotentials still remains a great challenge. Here, a positively charged single‐atom metal electrocatalyst to largely reduce the overpotentials is designed and hence CO2 electroreduction performance is accelerated. Taking the metal Sn as an example, kilogram‐scale single‐atom Snδ+ on N‐doped graphene is first fabricated by a quick freeze–vacuum drying–calcination method. Synchrotron‐radiation X‐ray absorption fine structure and high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy demonstrate the atomically dispersed Sn atoms are positively charged, which enables CO2 activation and protonation to proceed spontaneously through stabilizing CO2•−* and HCOO−*, affirmed by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectra and Gibbs free energy calculations. Furthermore, N‐doping facilitates the rate‐limiting formate desorption step, verified by the decreased desorption energy from 2.16 to 1.01 eV and the elongated SnHCOO− bond length. As an result, single‐atom Snδ+ on N‐doped graphene exhibits a very low onset overpotential down to 60 mV for formate production and shows a very large turnover frequency up to 11930 h−1, while its electroreduction activity proceeds without deactivation even after 200 h. This work offers a new pathway for manipulating electrocatalytic performance.
Copper as the Target for Anticancer Nanomedicine
Authors: Shao Shiqun , Si Jingxing , Shen Youqing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMicroelements such as copper are essential and involved in various biological processes and under strict homeostatic regulation. Compared to healthy individuals, cancer patients have aberrantly elevated intratumoral and systemic copper levels, which promote tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, and recurrence of diverse human cancers. Two copper‐based anticancer strategies—copper depletion therapy and copper‐based cytotoxin—have been developed for the treatment of cancers. In this review, the authors summarize the roles of copper related to cancer progression and provide the recent therapeutic advances using the copper‐based anticancer strategies and copper‐based nanomedicines. The authors also present their perspectives for further developing antitumor copper‐targeting nanomedicines for enhanced therapeutics and mitigated side effects.
Scaling Printable Zn–Ag2O Batteries for Integrated Electronics
Authors: Kumar Rajan , Johnson Kevin M. , Williams Nicholas X. , Subramanian Vivek 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrinted batteries are an emerging solution for integrated energy storage using low‐cost, high accuracy fabrication techniques. While several printed batteries have been previously shown, few have designed a battery that can be incorporated into an integrated device. Specifically, a fully printed battery with a small active electrode area (<1 cm2) achieving high areal capacities (>10 mAh cm−2) at high current densities (1–10 mA cm−2) has not been demonstrated, which represents the minimum form‐factor and performance requirements for many low‐power device applications. This work addresses these challenges by investigating the scaling limits of a fully printed Zn–Ag2O battery and determining the electrochemical limitations for a mm2‐scale battery. Processed entirely in air, Zn–Ag2O batteries are well suited for integration in typical semiconductor packaging flows compared to lithium‐based chemistries. Printed cells with electrodes as small as 1 mm2 maintain steady operating voltages above (>1.4 V) at high current densities (1–12 mA cm−2) and achieve the highest reported areal capacity for a fully printed battery at 11 mAh cm−2. The findings represent the first demonstration of a small, packaged, fully printed Zn–Ag2O battery with high areal capacities at high current densities, a crucial step toward realizing chip‐scale energy storage for integrated electronic systems.