bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Une enfance qui libère ? Stratégies d’émancipation des mères d’ingénus au temps de la loi du Ventre libre. São Paulo, 1871-1888
Authors: Gouraud Clara 
Published: May 2018

À partir de l’étude de procès judiciaires engagés par des mères d’« ingénus » – enfants libres nés de mères esclaves après la Loi brésilienne du Ventre libre de 1871 – contre leurs anciens maîtres dans le but de récupérer la garde de leurs enfants, cet article montre l’importance que revêt la question de la proximité des enfants dans la conception de la liberté des mères esclaves et affranchies au moment de l’abolition graduelle de l’esclavage. L’analyse de ces sources juridiques permet de montrer que cette loi, visant à sortir progressivement le Brésil de l’esclavage par la libération des enfants des femmes esclaves, est utilisée de façon ambivalente, par les mères esclaves et affranchies revendiquant leurs droits d’une part, et par leurs anciens maîtres d’autre part, avec une ampleur toute particulière dans la ville de São Paulo. Appuyées par des avocats abolitionnistes, ces femmes revendiquent leur pleine liberté en demandant la garde de leurs enfants ingénus, tandis que leurs anciens maîtres ripostent en assurant, par le moyen de la loi, leur domination sur ces mêmes ingénus, en passe de devenir leurs futurs congénères brésiliens à l’approche de l’abolition du 13 mai 1888.
Ervaren complexiteit van sociale professionals die werken met moeilijk bereikbare burgers
Authors: de Jong Jeanet , Jansen Heleen 
Published: May 2018

Social work professionals working with ‘hard to reach’ people: the complexity of interagency work
The day to day work of social professionals working with ‘hard to reach’ people, is known to be highly complex. Especially the interdependent relationship with other agencies.Often problems are not only related to social and welfare themes but also to safety and justice issues. Therefore a wider perspective is asked for. Questions answered in this article are: which elements are being perceived as complex in the relationship with other agencies and how do professionals relate to these elements. Data is used from former research performed within a team working with Roma families. Knowledge, expertise, information sharing and coordination are perceived as complex elements. Good contacts and communication between individual professionals are essential. Understanding each other’s perspective is crucial in achieving a joint effort. Professionals need intensive support in order to keep focused on the values of their work and avoid being led by emotions and issues of the day.
Zelfredzaamheid in detentie
Authors: van Ginneken Esther 
Published: May 2018

Self-reliance in detention
In the ‘participation society’ it is expected that citizens actively contribute to solving societal problems, including health care, immigration and security issues. A somewhat similar responsibilisation culture is visible in prisons, where prisoners are held responsible for their own rehabilitation. This article problematizes the way in which prisoners’ agency is promoted in Dutch prisons, considering prisoners’ constrained agency and the normative expectations that are tied to the approach. This critique is advanced through discussion of the promotion/demotion system that has been used in Dutch prisons since 2014. This system, comparable to the Incentives and Earned Privileges system in England and Wales, espouses both ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ behavioural norms. The soft behavioural norms reflect a citizenship ideal that extends beyond compliance with the law. It is argued that these normative expectations tied to agency have a limiting effect on prisoners’ autonomy. This article argues in favour of a shift from the citizenship ideal to an autonomy ideal, which applies the principle of minimum restrictions. Furthermore, access to education, reintegration courses and contact with family should be treated as a right, rather than a privilege, in order to maximise autonomy and minimise the harmful effects of imprisonment.
Grijze gebieden
Authors: Meurs Teun , Visch Amanda 
Published: May 2018

Gray Areas – how hybrid professionals perform identity work within the Dutch Police
Public organizations seem to be in a permanent state of transition in an attempt to adapt to the outside world. A recent development is the emergence of hybrid professional roles in fields such as healthcare and primary education. These hybrids are a midway between managerial and professional roles and are expected to collaborate with stakeholders in tackling problems. This article focuses on the challenges of recently appointed hybrid professionals within a Police team in The Netherlands. We focus on their efforts to find a place and position in their team by analyzing some critical incidents in which they clashed with their fellow professionals. In doing so, they perform ‘identity work’ to find out who they are, both for themselves, as for colleagues. We conclude both identity and identity work don’t come natural in a hybrid professional reality and stress the need for facilitation of professional reflection at the organizational level.
Genomewide binding of transcription factor Snail1 in triple‐negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Maturi Varun , Morén Anita , Enroth Stefan , Heldin Carl‐Henrik , Moustakas Aristidis 
Published: May 2018

Transcriptional regulation mediated by the zinc finger protein Snail1 controls early embryogenesis. By binding to the epithelial tumor suppressor CDH1 gene, Snail1 initiates the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The EMT generates stem‐like cells and promotes invasiveness during cancer progression. Accordingly, Snail1 mRNA and protein is abundantly expressed in triple‐negative breast cancers with enhanced metastatic potential and phenotypic signs of the EMT. Such high endogenous Snail1 protein levels permit quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation‐sequencing (ChIP‐seq) analysis. Snail1 associated with 185 genes at cis regulatory regions in the Hs578T triple‐negative breast cancer cell model. These genes include morphogenetic regulators and signaling components that control polarized differentiation. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in Hs578T cells, a double deletion of 10 bp each was engineered into the first exon and into the second exon–intron junction of Snail1, suppressing Snail1 expression and causing misregulation of several hundred genes. Specific attention to regulators of chromatin organization provides a possible link to new phenotypes uncovered by the Snail1 loss‐of‐function mutation. On the other hand, genetic inactivation of Snail1 was not sufficient to establish a full epithelial transition to these tumor cells. Thus, Snail1 contributes to the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cells via diverse new mechanisms.
Relationship between size‐specific dose estimates and image quality in computed tomography depending on patient size
Authors: Kawashima Hiroki , Ichikawa Katsuhiro , Hanaoka Shinsuke , Matsubara Kosuke , Takata Tadanori 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) and size‐specific dose estimate (SSDE) in computed tomography (CT) depending on patient size. In addition, the relationship to the auto exposure control (AEC) techniques is examined. A tissue‐equivalent material having human‐liver energy dependence is developed and used to evaluate these relationships. Three exposure dose levels (constant CT dose index, constant SSDE, and with AEC) are tested using four different phantom sizes (diameter: 15, 20, 25 and 30 cm) in two different CT scanners (SOMATOM Definition Flash, Siemens, and LightSpeed VCT, GE). The contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNRs) are measured using the developed phantom. It is found that the CNR increases with decreasing phantom size at constant SSDE, although the increase ratio is smaller than that of the constant CT dose index. This result indicates that the image characteristics differ even when the patient dose received from the CT examination is equivalent for each patient size. In the case of AEC use, the CNR results of the Siemens scanner exhibit a similar trend to those obtained for constant SSDE, for each phantom size. This suggests that the AEC technique that maintains a constant image quality (CARE Dose 4D) for each patient size corresponds well to the image quality obtained for constant SSDE. These findings facilitate further understanding of the relationship between image quality and exposure CT dose depending on patient size.
Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition (RhAAC) of Internal Alkynylphosphonates with High Regioselectivities under Mild Conditions
Authors: Song Wangze , Zheng Nan , Li Ming , Ullah Karim , Zheng Yubin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA regioselective method to access fully substituted 1,2,3‐triazolyl‐4‐phosphonates from the internal alkynylphosphonates by rhodium(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (RhAAC) under mild conditions is reported. This approach is water and air compatible and has a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, high yields and excellent regioselectivities. Fully substituted 1,2,3‐triazolyl‐4‐phosphonates are directly prepared from the internal alkynylphosphonates by RhAAC with high 1,4‐regioselectivities. The gram‐scale preparation, application to carbohydrate synthesis and the solid‐phase synthesis of triazolyl‐4‐phosphonates are highlights of this method.magnified image
Identification of an Asexual Reproduction Inducer of Phytopathogenic and Toxigenic Fusarium
Authors: Qi Jianhua , Cheng Lihong , Sun Yujuan , Hirata Yushi , Ushida Naoki , Ma Zhonghua , Osada Hiroyuki , Nishikawa Toshio , Xiang Lan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAsexual and sexual reproduction are the most important biological events in the life cycle of phytopathogenic and toxigenic Fusarium and are responsible for disease epidemics. However, the signaling molecules which induce the asexual reproduction of Fusarium are unknown. Herein we describe the structure elucidation, including the absolute configuration, of Fusarium asexual reproduction inducer (FARI), a new sesquiterpene derivative, by spectroscopic analysis, total synthesis, and conidium‐inducing assays of synthetic isomers. We have also uncovered the universality of FARI among Fusarium species. Moreover, a mechanism‐of‐action study suggested that the Gpmk1 and LaeA signaling pathways are required for conidium formation induced by FARI; conversely, the Mgv1 of mitogen‐activated protein kinase is not involved in conidium formation. FARI exhibited conidium‐inducing activity at an extremely low dose and high stereoselectivity, which may suggest the presence of a stereospecific target.
Vinyl Sulfonate Esters: Efficient Chain Transfer Agents for the 3D Printing of Tough Photopolymers without Retardation
Authors: Seidler Konstanze , Griesser Markus , Kury Markus , Harikrishna Reghunathan , Dorfinger Peter , Koch Thomas , Svirkova Anastasiya , Marchetti‐Deschmann Martina , Stampfl Juergen , Moszner Norbert , Gorsche Christian , Liska Robert 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe formation of networks through light‐initiated radical polymerization allows little freedom for tailored network design. The resulting inhomogeneous network architectures and brittle material behavior of such glassy‐type networks limit the commercial application of photopolymers in 3D printing, biomedicine, and microelectronics. An ester‐activated vinyl sulfonate ester (EVS) is presented for the rapid formation of tailored methacrylate‐based networks. The chain transfer step induced by EVS reduces the kinetic chain length of the photopolymer, thus shifting the gel point to higher conversion, which results in reduced shrinkage stress and higher overall conversion. The resulting, more homogeneous network is responsible for the high toughness of the material. The unique property of EVS to promote nearly retardation‐free polymerization can be attributed to the fact that after the transfer step no polymerizable double bond is formed, as is usually seen in classical chain transfer agents. Laser flash photolysis, theoretical calculations, and photoreactor studies were used to elucidate the fast chain transfer reaction and exceptional regulating ability of EVS. Final photopolymer networks exhibit improved mechanical performance making EVS an outstanding candidate for the 3D printing of tough photopolymers.
A rapid and sensitive LC–MS/MS method for analysis of iguratimod in human plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study in Chinese healthy volunteers
Authors: Xia Ying , Zhao Shunbo , Gong Meng , Ding Li 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA rapid, sensitive and reproducible LC–MS/MS method was developed and validated to determine iguratimod in human plasma. Sample preparation was achieved by protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was operated on an Ultimate® XB‐C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 3.5 μm, Welch) with a flow rate of 0.400 mL/min, using a gradient elution with acetonitrile and water which contained 2 mm ammonium acetate and 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase. The detection was performed on a Triple Quad™ 5500 mass spectrometer coupled with an electrospray ionization interface under positive‐ion multiple reaction monitoring mode with the transition ion pairs of m/z 375.2 → 347.1 for iguratimod and m/z 244.3 → 185.0 for agomelatine (the internal standard), respectively. The method was linear over the range of 5.00–1500 ng/mL with correlation coefficients ≥0.9978. The accuracy and precision of intra‐ and inter‐day, dilution accuracy, recovery and stability of the method were all within the acceptable limits and no matrix effect or carryover was observed. As a result, the main pharmacokinetic parameters of iguratimod were as follows: Cmax, 1074 ± 373 ng/mL; AUC0–72, 13591 ± 4557 ng h/mL; AUC0–∞, 13,712 ± 4613 ng h/mL; Tmax, 3.29 ± 1.23 h; and t1/2, 8.89 ± 1.23 h.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Homogeneous Thiol‐Linked NHC*‐Au‐Albumin and ‐Trastuzumab Bioconjugates
Authors: Matos Maria J. , Labão‐Almeida Carlos , Sayers Claire , Dada Oyinlola , Tacke Matthias , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTargeted delivery of potent cytotoxic drugs to cancer cells minimizes systemic toxicity and several side effects. NHC*−Au−Cl has already been proven to be a potent anticancer agent. In this study, we explore a strategy based on chemoselective cysteine conjugation of NHC*−Au−Cl to albumin and trastuzumab (Thiomab LC‐V205C) to potentiate drug‐ligand ratio, pharmacokinetics, as well as drug efficacy and safety. This strategy is a step forward towards the use of gold‐based anticancer agents as targeted therapies.
Effect of variation in the C/[N+P] ratio on anaerobic digestion
Authors: Gil Aida , Siles Jose A. , Serrano Antonio , Chica Arturo F. , Martín M. Angeles 
Published: May 2018

The importance of the balance between the nutrients in the anaerobic digestion process was assessed at laboratory scale. A soluble synthetic solution was used as substrate. The variable used to monitor the proportion of nutrients in the substrate was the [C]/[N + P] ratio expressed as equivalents of each element. A blank assay with a constant ratio of 53 and three experiments in which this variable was modified in the range 53–1 were performed. An increase in the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus both separately and in combination was observed. The most relevant results show a loss of N in the biogas in the form of NH3 for concentrations of around 400 mg N soluble/L in the liquid phase of the reaction, and a loss of soluble phosphorus in the form of calcium phosphate due to precipitation at concentrations above 250 mg P soluble/L, regardless of the experimental procedure. No significant effects were observed in the production of biogas for a ratio in the range 53–40, while biogas production decreased by 8% for a ratio of 20 when both N and P increased in the best of cases and by up to 46% when only N increased. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: 228–236, 2019
The effect of alternate wetting and severe drying irrigation on grain yield and water use efficiency of Indica‐japonica hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Chu Guang , Chen Tingting , Chen Song , Xu Chunmei , Wang Dangying , Zhang Xiufu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIdentification of a rice cultivar with high yield potential has been heavily sought by researchers in China, and pursuant to this goal, several indica‐japonica hybrid rice (IJHR) cultivars have been studied for over a decade. However, in addition to high yield, it is important that the cultivar also exhibit good water use efficiency (WUE). This study compared the yield performance and WUE of the IJHR cultivars under alternate wetting and severe drying (AWSD) irrigation regimen to the japonica inbred rice (JIR) cultivars. Field experiments were conducted on two representative IJHR cultivars (Chunyou927 and Yongyou538) and two representative JIR cultivars (Xiushui09 and Zhejing99) in 2015 and 2016 with two different irrigation methods: continuous flooding (CF) and AWSD. Irrigation water was 275–349 mm in the AWSD irrigation regimen, which was 49.8%–56.2% of that (552–620 mm) applied to the CF irrigation regimen. Compared to CF, the AWSD irrigation method significantly decreased grain yield in both IJHR and JIR cultivars, with a more significant reduction in JIR cultivars, and WUE was improved in both the IJHR and JIR cultivars, especially in the IJHR cultivars. Compared to the JIR cultivars, the IJHR cultivars were found to have improved agronomic and physiological performances under the AWSD irrigation regimen, such as a larger sink size, higher percentage of productive tillers, higher matter production ability during reproductive and ripening periods, larger root biomass, deeper root distribution and greater nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) accumulation in the stem at heading, larger NSC remobilization from the stem, and higher root oxidation activity and leaf photosynthetic rates during ripening period. Improved agronomic and physiological traits contributed to an increase in WUE with less yield loss for IJHR cultivars under the AWSD irrigation regimen.
An evidence‐based approach to assessing surgical versus clinical diagnosis of symptomatic endometriosis
Authors: Taylor Hugh S. , Adamson G. David , Diamond Michael P. , Goldstein Steven R. , Horne Andrew W. , Missmer Stacey A. , Snabes Michael C. , Surrey Eric , Taylor Robert N. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractChallenges intrinsic to the accurate diagnosis of endometriosis contribute to an extended delay between the onset of symptoms and clinical confirmation. Intraoperative visualization, preferably with histologic verification, is considered by many professional organizations to be the gold standard by which endometriosis is diagnosed. Clinical diagnosis of symptomatic endometriosis via patient history, physical examination, and noninvasive tests, though more easily executed, is generally viewed as less accurate than surgical diagnosis. Technological advances and increased understanding of the pathophysiology of endometriosis warrant continuing reevaluation of the standard method for diagnosing symptomatic disease. A review of the published literature was therefore performed with the goal of comparing the accuracy of clinical diagnostic measures with that of surgical diagnosis. The current body of evidence suggests that clinical diagnosis of symptomatic endometriosis is more reliable than previously recognized and that surgical diagnosis has limitations that could be underappreciated. Regardless of the methodology used, women with suspected symptomatic endometriosis would be well served by a diagnostic paradigm that is reliable, conveys minimal risk of under‐ or over‐diagnosis, lessens the time from symptom development to diagnosis, and guides the appropriate use of medical and surgical management strategies.
Analysis of the far‐medial transoral endoscopic approach to the infratemporal fossa
Authors: Patwa Hafiz S. , Yanez‐Siller Juan C. , Gomez Galarce Matias , Otto Bradley A. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L. 
Published: May 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo demonstrate anatomic relationships of the far‐medial transoral endoscopic assisted approach (FMT‐EAA) to the infratemporal fossa (ITF) and define the corridor dimensions, surgical freedom, and limitations associated with this approach.Study DesignCadaveric study.MethodsTwenty ITFs (10 specimens) were dissected with the assistance of 0 °, 30 °, and 45 ° rod‐lens endoscopes. Image guidance was used to confirm and measure the corridors' structural boundaries and document the anatomical relationships encountered in this approach.ResultsAccess to the ITF via the FMT‐EAA can be divided into two secondary surgical corridors: the superomedial and inferolateral triangles, each of which provides access to different areas. The superomedial triangle is bounded medially by the lateral pterygoid plate and posterolateral maxillary sinus wall, superiorly by the greater sphenoid wing, and inferolaterally by the lateral pterygoid muscle. The inferolateral triangle is bounded superiorly by the lower head of the lateral pterygoid muscle, inferiorly by the medial pterygoid muscle, and laterally by the mandible. Using a standard 19‐mm endoscope, the FMT‐EAA achieves a mean surgical freedom of 231 mm and 161 mm in the vertical and horizontal planes, respectively.ConclusionsFMT‐EAA adequately exposes critical structures of the ITF. This technique is a viable option for the management of selected ITF lesions, either alone or in combination with alternative minimally invasive approaches to the region.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 128:2273–2281, 2018
Laryngeal precursor lesions: Interrater and intrarater reliability of histopathological assessment
Authors: Mehlum Camilla Slot , Larsen Stine Rosenkilde , Kiss Katalin , Groentved Aagot Moeller , Kjaergaard Thomas , Möller Sören , Godballe Christian 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveThe World Health Organization classification (WHOC) 2017 of low‐grade versus high‐grade laryngeal dysplasia recently replaced the previous WHOC 2005 of mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. Our objectives were to compare the interrater agreement of the WHOC 2017 with that of the WHOC 2005 and to test the intra‐rater agreement of the WHOC 2005.MethodsTwo expert head and neck pathologists rated 211 tissue samples that were initially diagnosed with laryngeal precursor lesions. The samples were rated twice according to the WHOC 2005 and once according to the WHOC 2017; estimates of interrater and intrarater agreements were calculated with kappa statistics.ResultsThe crude intrarater agreements using the WHOC 2005 were 0.93 for rater 1 and 0.62 for rater 2. The corresponding unweighted kappa values were 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86–0.95) for rater 1 and 0.43 (95% CI, 0.35–0.54) for rater 2, whereas the standard linear weighted kappa values were 0.93 (95% CI, 0.90–0.97) for rater 1 and 0.60 (95% CI, 0.53–0.69) for rater 2. The crude interrater agreement for the WHOC 2005 was 0.57, with a corresponding unweighted kappa value 0.38 (95% CI, 0.31–0.48) and a standard linear weighted kappa value 0.52 (95% CI, 0.42–0.60). The crude interrater agreement for the WHOC 2017 was 0.83, with a corresponding unweighted kappa value 0.45 (95% CI, 0.31–0.59) and a standard linear weighted kappa value 0.46 (95% CI, 0.30–0.60).ConclusionOur results indicate difficulties in providing reliable diagnosis of laryngeal precursor lesions, even with experienced head and neck pathologists and the application of a newly revised classification system.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:2375–2379, 2018