bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Veredas do protagonismo negro nas produções literárias para a infância
Authors: Batista Patrícia Barros Soares , Caldeira Maria Carolina da Silva 
Published: November 2024

Neste artigo, propomos discutir a produção literária para a infância, tendo como prisma o protagonismo negro. A escolha por esse objeto se deu por entender que o discurso literário reproduz algumas características da sociedade na qual foi constituído, sendo fundamental um olhar crítico e sensível para as obras literárias dirigidas ao público infantil. A literatura, uma experiência humana que potencializa os diferentes modos de ser, estar e compreender o mundo, é forma de resistência por ampliar as percepções culturais e identitárias. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, cuja metodologia é a análise documental. O objetivo do artigo é mapear o acervo literário de uma escola pública de Belo Horizonte, tendo como recorte o enfoque étnico-racial, construindo categorias para possibilitar a análise das obras e construir veredas para a produção de resistências por meio da mediação de obras literárias para a infância. Para tanto, adotamos majoritariamente uma epistemologia negra, tendo como principais fontes teóricas: Adichie (2019, Araújo (2018), Almeida (2018), Debus (2017), Kilomba (2019), Mayer e Gomes (2021) entre outros. Como resultados, destacam-se duas grandes categorias nas quais as obras analisadas estão circunscritas, configurando-se como veredas profícuas para a educação das relações étnico-raciais.
Você conhece as lagartixas das dunas?
Authors: Valgas Artur Antunes Navarro , Kasper Cubas Gustavo , Fonseca de Araújo Jéssica , Basso Cupertino Júlia , Helen Dias dos Santos Sarah , Ferreira Gohlke Samuel , Turcato Oliveira Guendalina , Verrastro Laura 
Published: November 2024

Liolaemus arambarensis é uma espécie de lagarto endêmico das dunas de restingas, a oeste da Lagoa dos Patos no Rio Grande Sul. Atualmente, encontra-se em ameaça de extinção devido principalmente a sua restrição de nicho ecológico e a destruição de seu habitat. Em vista disso, fazem-se necessárias intervenções para conscientizar a população da importância deste ecossistema. A educação ambiental é importante na conservação ambiental, uma vez que aproxima o conhecimento científico da sociedade sensibilizando-a sobre as questões ambientais. O estudo objetivou realizar oficinas de educação ambiental sobre a importância da lagartixa-das-dunas para o ecossistema em clubes de ciências com a finalidade de conscientizar sobre a preservação do meio ambiente de forma lúdica. Foram aplicados jogos e apresentados exemplares da espécie da Coleção Científica. Para avaliação da efetividade das oficinas foi aplicado um questionário com perguntas abertas, onde as respostas foram feitas por Análise Textual Descritiva. Os resultados desta análise demonstram a efetividade da oficina e dos jogos educativos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, assim como o desenvolvimento das competências e habilidades relacionadas ao meio ambiente previstas na Base Nacional Curricular Comum. Os estudantes desenvolveram consciência crítica sobre as ações humanas e os impactos destas na biodiversidade e no planeta.
O Teatro conta a sua história no Colégio de Aplicação da UFRGS, ou parte dela
Authors: Molina William Fernandes 
Published: November 2024

Por meio do entrelaçamento de textos autorais com memórias docentes, uma história narrando a presença do teatro no Colégio de Aplicação (CAp) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) é recontada neste artigo. A intenção da escrita é apresentar um histórico do princípio da trajetória do ensino de teatro no colégio, a partir da produção de um texto com estatuto de documento, visto que advém de narrativas pessoais amparadas em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental realizadas pelo autor (MOLINA, 2021). A narrativa enfoca o momento da introdução do teatro como componente na matriz curricular da instituição e descreve algumas ocasiões que resultaram em sua inserção derradeira no currículo da escola. As principais referências do texto são os relatos memoriais de Dias, Faleiro, Guarita, Malinoski, Saldanha e Vieira (2020), e documentos relacionados às primeiras aulas de teatro no CAp/UFRGS. O texto memorial decorrente da conjunção das lembranças narradas revela o CAp/UFRGS como vanguardista no cenário nacional da educação pública por oferecer aulas de teatro curriculares aos estudantes já na década de 1970 e por experimentar modos de fazer o teatro se introduzir e se desenvolver no contexto da Educação Básica.
Pupil size and retinal hazard
Authors: Shand Mark 
Published: November 2024

For wavelengths posing a retinal hazard, current laser safety standards specify an unaided eye measurement condition using a 7 mm aperture that is a proxy for a dark adapted human pupil.
In bright ambient conditions the human pupil is generally much smaller. In a perfect lens for an aperture filling beam the diffraction limited spot size of a collimated beam is the fourth power of the pupil size. So it may appear that the standards are overly conservative in outdoor daytime conditions.
However the eye is not a perfect lens. It is generally understood that aberrations increase with pupil size, limiting the optical quality of a dilated pupil, and thus limiting the growth in peak irradiance after focussing as the pupil dilates.
In this work, we leverage existing data sets of aberrations of several hundred eyes and, using a computer eye model, we estimate the peak irradiances achieved at different pupil sizes. We find for the typical eye in these data sets, the hazard posed by a 7 mm beam of fixed radiance, as estimated by the modeled peak retinal irradiance, is significantly reduced by a 3 mm pupil, but does not increase significantly beyond around 5 mm and may indeed be lower for a fully dilated pupil.
What’s new in international laser safety and equipment standards?
Authors: Ertle William , Frederiksen Annette 
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the status of existing standard publications, technical reports, and recommended practices within the international technical committee IEC/TC 76 “Optical radiation safety and laser equipment”, and the Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) Z136 of the American National Standards Institute. In layman's terms, the former addresses “laser equipment” while the latter addresses “user safety”, and is predominantly used within the United States. The standard series of ANSI Z136, IEC 60825 and IEC 62471, as well as joint documents with ISO within the ISO 11553 and ISO 19818 series will also be discussed.
Additionally, we provide an overview of new standards currently under development, and topics for future standards within these committees. Lastly, we will explain the structure of the two standardization committees for optical radiation, and how experts can get involved in the standard development process of IEC/TC 76 and ASC Z136.
New European laser product safety standards: Amendment for EN 60825-1 and EN 50689
Authors: Schulmeister Karl 
Published: November 2024

At ILSC 2019, a paper reported on the progress of two European standardisation projects for laser products. These two standardisation documents have been both published in 2021. One is amendment A11 for EN 60825-1. Up to this amendment, the European version EN 60825-1 was identical with the international version IEC 60825-1, both published in 2014. For most laser products, the new European amendment A11 does not contain requirements that go beyond those of EN and IEC 60825-1:2014, other than the compliance statement on the label and/or in the manual. The only exception applies to the wavelength range of 1250 nm to 1400 nm, where amendment A11 defines an additional limit to protect the cornea. The reason for this is that in some cases, the Class 3B limitation which is a dual limit also in IEC 60825-1:2014 is not sufficient to protect the cornea. For consumer products, A11 requires compliance with EN 50689:2021. Amendment A11 also includes the IEC interpretation sheets in an annex.
EN 50689:2021 pertains to laser consumer products brought onto the market in Europe. It is harmonised under the Low Voltage Directive but will also be harmonised under the General Product Safety Directive. The main content of EN 50689 is to define which classes are permitted for consumer products. Child appealing laser products are distinguished from non-child appealing products. Some Class 3R lasers are permitted as consumer products, however, only when a number of specific requirements are fulfilled. For most Class 1 laser products (as long as they are not emitting in the UV wavelength range) as well as for Class 2 laser products (as long as they are not child appealing) there are no additional requirements defined in EN 50689, other than a statement of compliance with EN 50689 (which for Class 1 laser products can be in the manual).
Since the details of both documents are discussed in White Papers, in this paper the multi-fold limits that apply in the wavelength range of 1250 nm to 1400 nm are discussed.
Probabilistic risk assessment modelling for laser directed energy weapon systems
Authors: Flemming Brian K. 
Published: November 2024

An MPE-based assessment for a Laser Directed Energy Weapon (LDEW) system with a High Energy Laser (HEL) output will likely result in an impracticably large Laser Hazard Zone. An alternative probabilistic evaluation of the potential hazard may result in less onerous restrictions on the permitted laser firing envelope. However, a risk-based assessment similar to that used in the UK for target designator and rangefinder systems has yet to be developed for LDEW-type laser hazards.
The probabilistic technique accounts for the entire risk chain from laser source to irradiated observer. Unlike a deterministic evaluation, the probabilistic method requires the definition of an acceptable level of observable biophysical damage for eye or skin, from which the risk of the observer sustaining a laser-induced injury may be determined. The permitted restrictions on laser firing are then defined by the maximum allowable risk of an observer sustaining the maximum acceptable level of biophysical damage. This paper will briefly summarize the UK probabilistic method and consider the possible definition of acceptable biophysical damage limits for the risk-based evaluation of LDEW-type laser hazards.
Computer model results on the wavelength dependence for retinal thermal injury in the visible regime
Authors: Schulmeister Karl , Rauter Patrick 
Published: November 2024

In the visible wavelength range, the current laser safety MPEs to protect the retina issued by ANSI Z136.1, IEC 60825-1 and ICNIRP are constant, i.e. do not feature a wavelength dependence. It has been shown before by David Jack Lund in the pulsed regime that a wavelength dependence exists and can be theoretically supported by the pre-retinal absorption factors as well as the absorption in the RPE as function of wavelength. However, we show in this paper that the transmission/absorption-based wavelength dependence only applies to short pulses, where heat flow does not play a role. Computer modelling shows that the longer the exposure duration becomes, the flatter the wavelength dependence becomes, so that for the cw case the constant MPE in the visible wavelength range is an appropriate trend that is not unduly over-restrictive. For the pulsed regime, a constant wavelength dependence might be over-restrictive in the red wavelength range, but has the advantage of being simple.
Also, raising MPEs has to be done with care in order to sustain a sufficient safety margin, while lowering the MPEs should only be done when the current MPEs were found to be associated to a safety margin that is too small. The data is also relevant for an ongoing revision of the international safety standard for ophthalmic instruments, ISO 15004-2 and the USA standard for ophthalmic instruments, ANSI Z80.36.
Mixed reality for laser safety at advanced optics laboratories
Authors: Li Ke , Choudhuri Aradhana , Schmidt Susanne , Lang Tino , Bacher Reinhard , Hartl Ingmar , Leemans Wim , Steinicke Frank 
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, high-power and multi-spectral lasers are increasingly demanded in many scientific experiments and industrial processes. However, direct exposure to these laser sources can lead to permanent eye damage. Individuals conducting research and development with these laser sources are required to wear laser safety goggles as a form of eye protection. Currently, most laser safety goggles are based on optical spectral filters, which could filter up to 99 % of the visible spectrum, rendering researchers working in hazardous and complex laboratory environments visually impaired.
In this work, we present a novel laser eye protection method that could provide full-band laser protection without reducing the user's visibility of the environment. We demonstrate a system based on a virtual reality (VR) headset with a stereoscopic see-through camera, which could be constructed in a way that all laser and ambient light is blocked from the human eyes. We revisit an empirical evaluation of our prototype conducted at the laser science and technology group (FS-LA) at DESY with 18 participants, including 14 laser experts. The evaluation results reveal that MR technology has the potential to offer a safe alternative to conventional laser safety goggles and has tremendous prospects in improving the complex and hazardous working conditions at advanced optics laboratories.
Are you ready to take control of surgical plume? it’s time to ensure clean air for safer care!
Authors: Smalley Penny 
Published: November 2024

The hazards associated with surgical plume are well documented and there are increasing numbers of regulations, standards, focused on mitigating the risks surgical team members are exposed to, during the course of their daily work in the OR. This presentation will introduce the relationship between risk assessment and the development of a risk based management program for surgical plume. It includes a brief review of the hazards and risks of exposure to surgical plume, a discussion of how to interpret current legislation, regulation, and standards as applicable to developing policy that will comply with them, and a sustainable and clinically relevant step-by-step plan for implementation of facility policy.
Learning Objectives: Discuss the cause and nature of the hazards associated with surgical plume and the risk to perioperative personnel of exposure to those hazards.Identify both current and developing evidence-based legislation, regulations, and standards, for mitigation of surgical plume in healthcare practice settings.Summarize the steps needed to develop a sustainable, practical, and clinically relevant implementation plan
There is more to laser safety than just the laser
Authors: Bansal Sandeep 
Published: November 2024

When discussing safety controls for a new laser project, the user typically thinks only of the laser. However, when utilizing lasers that have their own inherent hazards i.e., chemicals, gasses, etc., we must look beyond the beam in a holistic approach. These additional hazards require in-depth investigation to identify and may trigger long lead times to adequately address the controls that will be needed. Unidentified hazards and last-minute surprises could sink a project before it even gets started. In this era of cutting-edge and complicated research, it is no longer enough to be focused on just the laser hazard. Hazards such as worker exposure, flammable materials, and environmental concerns to name a few, are all critical aspects of developing a job hazard analysis for safely performing the work.
This paper will discuss lessons learned from a laser installation project. We will cover the roadblocks and potential pitfalls that were encountered along the way in work planning and the eventual success that came from engaging the full safety team. Implementing a successful project must include having a full scope of work, an understanding of all hazards, and a complement of disciplines to develop controls
Translational application of safety standards to common laser practice issues
Authors: Owens Patti , Colbert Abigail 
Published: November 2024

Patti Owens RN, MHA, CMLSO, Abigail Colbert CMLSO
The advancement of laser technology creates new beam and non-beam hazards with decisive laser safety controls. The diversity of laser technology, environments, personnel, and procedures dictate critical assessment skills for each unique clinical application. Compliance with regulatory agencies and non-governmental controls is necessary to mitigate potential injuries. This lecture will highlight areas of workplace non-compliance and how translated regulations and evidence-based practices can provide successful remediation outcomes.
ANSI Z136.3-2018 “Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care” Section 1.3.2.2 describes the evaluation of the potential hazards of each laser and control measures to mitigate risks to the patient and laser team members. These standards apply to whether a laser is owned, rented, or leased. Risk assessment and management are the foundation for establishing a successful facility-based Laser Safety Program. The LSO and other delegated laser team members must understand the nuances and risk factors associated with each laser’s wavelength, accessories, specialty procedure utilization, and personnel dynamics within the laser room.
Lecture will explore potential hazardous situations regarding non-compliance with laser protective eyewear, the creation of the laser treatment control area, staffing of the laser operator, and the use of smoke/plume evacuation equipment. Additional areas of potential hazards will be reviewed in regards to developing a laser safety program with an appointed LSO, consensus with an ENT shared airway protocol, and the need for education of the laser team. Common knowledge gaps related to deficiencies in one’s laser safety compliance background and the essential mediation skills necessary for the laser team will be explored. Exploring strategies for best practices for patient safety, risk management, and the creation of a successful laser safety program will be the ultimate goal of this presentation.
Facility compliance responsibilities when working with third party laser mobilizers
Authors: Colbert Abigail , Owens Patricia 
Published: November 2024

Since COVID, hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers, and outpatient clinics have seen more third-party surgical equipment mobilization. Increasing cost of training, staffing, and PPE has necessitated a large decrease in capital budgets. Therefore, outsourcing for surgical capital, such as lasers, have become more routine. Unfortunately, with the outsourcing to vendors, responsibility for compliance and safety can become complicated. Many accounts have the expectation that laser rental should be a “package deal”. Renting a laser, complete with disposables, accessories, and a trained laser operator, should mean that there is no need to develop and enforce Policies and Procedures. This is not accurate from a regulatory nor legal standpoint. While there are a lot of training, safety, and compliance benefits to outsourcing to surgical mobilization, the ultimate responsibility to safety for the staff and patient remain with the facility.
Regulatory and governing bodies still expect certain standards to be met regardless of third-party presence. ANZI Z 136.3 directly addresses facility accountability within these relationships. The facility’s laser safety officer should have an honest and purposeful conversation with third-party mobilizers to verify that both parties are meeting or exceeding standards for laser safety. Having a robust internal laser safety program is a necessity for keeping the mobilizer responsible for high standards. Regulatory responsibility elements with laser usage that can help a facility maintain a safe and compliant environment for staff and patients when utilizing third-party surgical equipment mobilization. Topics that can be tricky to navigate in these partnerships include, equipment preventative maintenance documentation, physician credentialing and education, laser-resistant instrumentation and accessories, enforcement of laser protective eyewear, and documentation of safety and case settings. This presentation will explore the aspects of these topics while citing resources so that healthcare facilities can breathe easy working with third-party mobilizers.
Who’s using your lasers?
Authors: Gama Richard 
Published: November 2024

Objective: This presentation will focus on the challenges health care facilities (HCFs) face when it comes to laser user privileges and their qualifications. HCFs must know who is using their health care laser systems to provide laser patient care and what types of laser applications and treatments they are qualified to perform.
There is currently a lot of variation in the way that HCFs grant laser use privileges and the level of specificity of laser privileges is also variable. The best practices to ensure safe and effective laser patient care and health care personnel safety may be found in the American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care, professional organization guidelines such as from the Association of Perioperative Nurses, accreditation standards of The Joint Commission (TJC), and the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) regulations.
A list of recommendations to comply with the ANSI Z136.3 - 2018 Standard, AORN guidelines, TJC standards, and CMS regulations will be discussed to help HCFs ensure that the laser user providers who use lasers at their facilities have the documented training and experience with the specific laser systems and applications before granting laser use privileges.
Surgical instruments: Laser marking from a scientific prospective
Authors: Vargas Gus 
Published: November 2024

The need to identify surgical instruments at the instrument level is not a new concept. The methods used in the past included: The use of a chisel, a sharp point to engrave, a sharpie marker, colored tape, as well as the process of chemical etching. Fast forward to present day; surgical instrument marking with a fiber laser.
Laser technology has evolved incredibly fast in the last ten years. Yet there is still a great deal of reluctance for lasers to be incorporated into the UDI system of today within the hospital setting.
We will review the FDA UDI rules for manufacturers and what it means for hospitals when it comes to identifying surgical instruments.
The Goal: Clearly understand the FDA UDI rule and who the rule is for.Understand the GS1 code, Datamatrix code, and its interpretation.Have a clear understanding of unique sequences on surgical instruments.The clean and ultrafast process of surgical instrument laser marking, as well as the safety.Stainless steel composition and the truth about the passive layer myths and facts.Marking plastics ...pros and cons.Benefits of uniquely identifying surgical instruments.How to incorporate a marked instrument into a tracking system-Myths and Facts.
Ionizing radiation production and hazard management due to laser operations at the national ignition facility
Authors: Novello Anthony , Yang Alexander , Gundelfinger John 
Published: November 2024

High power LASER operation at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) produces a unique environment consisting of various types and energies of ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation is produced through both fusion and LASER-induced material interactions. The types are dependent on the experimental platform. Shot time radiation may include energetic charged particles, neutrons, and a spectrum of photon energies.
NIF’s radiation environment represents a significant hazard to personnel in the form of both prompt and delayed radiation resulting from neutron activation. Both aspects are addressed through a robust engineering and administrative control program. This presentation will address ionizing radiation created at the National Ignition Facility and how occupational exposure is managed.