bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of Rhizophagus irregularis on salt stress tolerance of Elaeagnus angustifolia roots
Authors: He Wenyuan , Fan Xiaoxu , Zhou Zixin , Zhang Huanhuan , Gao Xiang , Song Fuqiang , Geng Gui 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We assessed the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation on salt stress tolerance in roots of the drought-tolerant plant Elaeagnus angustifolia. We studied a plant growth index, spore density and hyphal length density of AMF, the Na+ contents and ultrastructure of root cells, as well as rhizosphere soil enzyme activities of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal E. angustifolia seedlings under different salt stress. Under salt stress, growth of E. angustifolia with mycorrhizal inoculation was higher than that of non-inoculated treatments. The spore density and hyphal length density decreased significantly under salt stress in rhizosphere soil of mycorrhizal E. angustifolia seedlings (p < 0.05). The root cells of E. angustifolia seedlings inoculated with R. irregularis at 300 mmol L−1 salt had more organelles, greater integrity, and lower root Na+ contents than those of non-inoculated seedlings. In addition, the results showed notably higher activities of catalase, phosphatase, urease and saccharase in rhizosphere soil of the mycorrhizal seedlings in response to salinity compared to those of the non-mycorrhizal seedlings. Therefore, AMF inoculation could enhance salt stress tolerance in roots of E. angustifolia.
Effects of dietary lipid level on growth, fatty acid profiles, antioxidant capacity and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in juvenile swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus
Authors: Sun Peng , Jin Min , Jiao Lefei , Monroig Óscar , Navarro Juan Carlos , Tocher Douglas R. , Betancor Mónica B. , Wang Xuexi , Yuan Ye , Zhou Qicun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe regulation of lipogenesis and lipolysis mechanisms related to consumption of lipid has not been studied in swimming crab. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth, enzymes activities and expression of genes of lipid metabolism in hepatopancreas of juvenile swimming crab. Three isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain crude lipid levels at 5·8, 9·9 and 15·1 %. Crabs fed the diet containing 15·1 % lipid had significantly lower growth performance and feed utilisation than those fed the 5·8 and 9·9 % lipid diets. Crabs fed 5·8 % lipid had lower malondialdehyde concentrations in the haemolymph and hepatopancreas than those fed the other diets. Highest glutathione peroxidase in haemolymph and superoxide dismutase in hepatopancreas were observed in crabs fed 5·8 % lipid. The lowest fatty acid synthase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities in hepatopancreas were observed in crabs fed 15·1 % lipid, whereas crabs fed 5·8 % lipid had lower carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 activity than those fed the other diets. Crabs fed 15·1 % lipid showed lower hepatopancreas expression of genes involved in long-chain-PUFA biosynthesis, lipoprotein clearance, fatty acid uptake, fatty acid oxidation, lipid anabolism and lipid catabolism than those fed the other diets, whereas expression of some genes of lipoprotein assembly and fatty acid oxidation was up-regulated compared with crabs fed 5·8 % lipid. Overall, high dietary lipid level can inhibit growth, reduce antioxidant enzyme activities and influence lipid metabolic pathways to regulate lipid deposition in crab.
Winter wheat yield and nitrous oxide emissions in response to cowpea-based green manure and nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Kandel Tanka P. , Gowda Prasanna H. , Northup Brian K. , Rocateli Alexandre C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the effects of cowpea green manure and inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizers on yields of winter wheat and soil emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O). The comparisons included cowpea grown solely as green manure where all biomass was terminated at maturity by tillage, summer fallow treatments with 90 kg N ha−1 as urea (90-N), and no fertilization (control) at planting of winter wheat. Fluxes of N2O were measured by closed chamber methods after soil incorporation of cowpea in autumn (October–November) and harvesting of winter wheat in summer (June–August). Growth and yields of winter wheat and N concentrations in grain and straw were also measured. Cowpea produced 9.5 Mg ha−1 shoot biomass with 253 kg N ha−1 at termination. Although soil moisture was favorable for denitrification after soil incorporation of cowpea biomass, low concentrations of soil mineral N restricted emissions of N2O from cowpea treatment. However, increased concentrations of soil mineral N and large rainfall-induced emissions were recorded from the cowpea treatment during summer. Growth of winter wheat, yield, and grain N concentrations were lowest in response to cowpea treatment and highest in 90-N treatment. In conclusion, late terminated cowpea may reduce yield of winter wheat and increase emissions of N2O outside of wheat growing seasons due to poor synchronization of N mineralization from cowpea biomass with N-demand of winter wheat.
Understanding the neighbourhood environment and the health and wellbeing of older Chinese immigrants: a systematic literature review
Authors: Gao Siyao , Dupre Karine , Bosman Caryl 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNeighbourhood environment has a significant impact on the health and wellbeing of older people. In recent years, the increase in older Chinese immigrants globally has attracted a growing amount of research which has investigated the health and wellbeing of these elderly residents. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic literature review of empirical findings on the health and wellbeing of older Chinese immigrants and the ways in which the neighbourhood environment impacts them. A systematic search was conducted using online databases where 52 articles met specific criteria and were subsequently reviewed critically. An inductive approach was undertaken to analyse the data extracted from the selected articles. The review was categorised according to the following themes: neighbourhood social environment, neighbourhood physical environment and place attachment. The findings show that the majority of research has investigated the health status of older immigrants, and in particular, the impacts related to the social environments in which they live. The literature review indicated that there is scope for future studies to investigate the impact of the physical neighbourhood environment on this group of people.
Production perspectives of heavy metal record producers
Authors: Thomas Niall , King Andrew 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe study of the recorded artefact from a musicological perspective continues to unfold through contemporary research. Whilst an understanding of the scientific elements of recorded sound is well documented, the exploration of the production and the artistic nature of this endeavour is still developing. This article explores phenomenological aspects of producing heavy metal music from the perspective of seven renowned producers working within the genre. Through a series of interviews and subsequent in-depth analysis, particular sonic qualities are identified as key within the production of this work: impact; energy; precision; and extremity. A conceptual framework is then put forward for understanding the production methodology of recorded heavy metal music, and how developing technology has influenced the production of the genre.
Supplementation of culture medium with knockout serum replacement improves the survival of bovine secondary follicles when compared with other protein sources duringin vitroculture
Authors: Gomes D.S. , Aragão L.B. , Lima Neto M.F. , Barroso P.A.A. , Paulino L.R.F.M. , Silva B.R. , Souza A.L.P. , Vasconcelos G.L. , Silva A.W.B. , Silva J.R.V. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe present study evaluated the effect of knockout serum replacement (KSR), fetal bovine serum (FBS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the viability and growth of bovine secondary follicles culturedin vitrofor 12 days. To this end, secondary follicles were isolated (185–202 μm) and culturedin vitroin TCM-199+medium supplemented with KSR (5% and 10%), FBS (5% and 10%) or BSA (3 mg/ml) at 38.5°C with 5% CO2in air. Follicular diameters were evaluated on days 0, 4, 8 and 12. After 12 days of culture, follicular survival analysis was performing by using calcein-AM and ethidium homodimer. Before and after culture, follicles were fixed in paraformaldehyde for histological evaluation. Follicular diameter at different days of culture were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test, while the percentages of viable follicles were analyzed by chi-squared test (P< 0.05). Results showed that follicles cultured in the presence of KSR at both concentrations presented higher follicular survival rates than those cultured in control medium alone or supplemented with FBS or BSA. Conversely, the presence of KSR, BSA or FBS did not increase follicular diameter after 12 days of culture. Histology analysis showed that, among the tested treatments, follicles cultured in the presence of KSR had preserved rounded oocytes, juxtaposed granulosa cells and intact basal membrane. In conclusion, supplementation of culture medium with KSR increases the follicular survival of bovine secondary follicles culturedin vitro.
Anaerobic digestion in Uganda: risks and opportunities for integration of waste management and agricultural systems
Authors: McCord A. I. , Stefanos S. A. , Tumwesige V. , Lsoto D. , Kawala M. , Mutebi J. , Nansubuga I. , Larson R. A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMuch of the global population lacks access to basic public sanitation, energy and fertilizers. Micro-scale anaerobic digestion presents an opportunity for low-cost decentralized waste management that creates valuable co-products of renewable energy and organic fertilizer. However, field-based assessments of system performance and clearly articulated guidelines for digestate management and field application are needed. Feedstocks and effluent from seven digesters in Kampala, Uganda were monitored for standard wastewater and fertilizer metrics including indicator organisms (Escherichia coliand fecal coliform), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorous (TP), heavy metals, pH, temperature and total solids (TS) over 2 yr. Results reveal that digester effluent does not meet standards for wastewater discharge or international safety standards for field application. Data indicate that digestate could be a suitable source of fertilizer (TKN = 1467 mg L−1, TP = 214 mg L−1) but poses issues for water quality if not managed properly (TS = 26,091 mg L−1, COD = 3471 mg L−1and BOD5= 246 mg L−1). While effluent from the digester contained pathogen indicator organisms (fecal coliform = 8.13 × 105CFU/100 ml,E. coli= 3.27 × 105CFU/100 ml), they were lower than the influent concentrations, and lower than reported concentrations in drainage canals. All digestate samples contained little to no heavy metals suggesting effective source separation. Data suggest that micro-scale biogas systems have potential to improve waste handling and meet standards associated with fertilizer application with proper post-digestion treatment.
Sargassum sp. Act as a Large Regional Source of Marine Dissolved Organic Carbon and Polyphenols
Authors: Powers Leanne C. , Hertkorn Norbert , McDonald Natasha , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe , Del Vecchio Rossana , Blough Neil V. , Gonsior Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays critical roles in marine carbon cycling, but its sources and sinks remain uncertain. In this study, we monitored DOC exudation rates of Sargassum natans under visible light (λ > 390 nm) and solar radiation. DOC release rates ranged from 7 to 10 μg C g−1biomass hr−1 (wet weight) under visible light, but increased to 23 to 41 μg C g−1biomass hr−1 when exposed to natural sunlight. Results indicate that DOC released by Sargassum could amount to 0.3 to 1.2 Tg C/year, potentially contributing significantly to the marine DOC pool in the Gulf of Mexico and Western North Atlantic. We employed the Folin‐Ciocalteu phenolic content method, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR MS) to characterize the diverse pool of organic compounds exuded from Sargassum. Results from these complementary methods showed that Sargassum release large quantities of phlorotannins, a class of polyphenols that have very similar properties to terrestrial DOC. These phlorotannins and their oxygenated phenolic derivatives exhibit a high hydrogen deficiency and functionalization (i.e., 4 to 6 oxygen atoms per aromatic ring), representing 5 to 18% of the released DOC isolated by solid phase extraction. Thus, Sargassum is the largest biological source of open ocean polyphenols recorded to date. The amount of polyphenolic DOC released by Sargassum challenges previous beliefs that all polyphenols found within the oceans are remnants of terrestrial organic matter, although the stability of phlorotannins and their derivatives needs to be further evaluated.
Joint Sensing of Bedload Flux and Water Depth by Seismic Data Inversion
Authors: Dietze M. , Lagarde S. , Halfi E. , Laronne J. B. , Turowski J. M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRivers are the fluvial conveyor belts routing sediment across the landscape. While there are proper techniques for continuous estimates of the flux of suspended solids, constraining bedload flux is much more challenging, typically involving extensive measurement infrastructure or labor‐intensive manual measurements. Seismometers are potentially valuable alternatives to in‐stream devices, delivering continuous data with high temporal resolution on the average behavior of a reach. Two models exist to predict the seismic spectra generated by river turbulence and bedload flux. However, these models require estimating a large number of parameters and the spectra usually overlap significantly, which hinders straightforward inversion. We provide three functions contained in the R package “eseis” that allow generic modeling of hydraulic and bedload transport dynamics from seismic data using these models. The underlying Monte Carlo approach creates lookup tables of potential spectra, which are compared against the empirical spectra to identify the best fitting solutions. The method is validated against synthetic data sets and independently measured metrics from the Nahal Eshtemoa, Israel, a flash flood‐dominated ephemeral gravel bed river. Our approach reproduces the synthetic time series with average absolute deviations of 0.01–0.04 m (water depth, ranging between 0 and 1 m) and 0.00–0.04 kg/sm (bedload flux, ranging between 0 and 4 kg/sm). The example flash flood water depths and bedload fluxes are reproduced with respective average deviations of 0.10 m and 0.02 kg/sm. Our approach thus provides generic, testable, and reproducible routines for a quantitative description of key metrics, hard to collect by other techniques in a continuous and representative manner.
6′-Sialylgalactose inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-mediated angiogenesis
Authors: Chung Tae-Wook , Kim Eun-Yeong , Choi Hee-Jung , Han Chang Woo , Jang Se Bok , Kim Keuk-Jun , Jin Ling , Koh Young Jun , Ha Ki-Tae 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Angiogenesis should be precisely regulated because disordered neovascularization is involved in the aggravation of multiple diseases. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) axis is crucial for controlling angiogenic responses in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Therefore, inactivating VEGFR-2 signaling may effectively suppress aberrant angiogenesis and alleviate related symptoms. In this study, we performed virtual screening, identified the synthetic disaccharide 6′-sialylgalactose (6SG) as a potent VEGFR-2-binding compound and verified its high binding affinity by Biacore assay. 6SG effectively suppressed VEGF-A-induced VEGFR-2 phosphorylation and subsequent in vitro angiogenesis in HUVECs without inducing cytotoxicity. 6SG also inhibited VEGF-A-induced extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK)/Akt activation and actin stress fiber formation in HUVECs. We demonstrated that 6SG inhibited retinal angiogenesis in a mouse model of retinopathy of prematurity and tumor angiogenesis in a xenograft mouse model. Our results suggest a potential therapeutic benefit of 6SG in inhibiting angiogenesis in proangiogenic diseases, such as retinopathy and cancer.
Characterization of transgenic mouse models targeting neuromodulatory systems reveals organizational principles of the dorsal raphe
Authors: Cardozo Pinto Daniel F. , Yang Hongbin , Pollak Dorocic Iskra , de Jong Johannes W. , Han Vivian J. , Peck James R. , Zhu Yichen , Liu Christine , Beier Kevin T. , Smidt Marten P. , Lammel Stephan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe dorsal raphe (DR) is a heterogeneous nucleus containing dopamine (DA), serotonin (5HT), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate neurons. Consequently, investigations of DR circuitry require Cre-driver lines that restrict transgene expression to precisely defined cell populations. Here, we present a systematic evaluation of mouse lines targeting neuromodulatory cells in the DR. We find substantial differences in specificity between lines targeting DA neurons, and in penetrance between lines targeting 5HT neurons. Using these tools to map DR circuits, we show that populations of neurochemically distinct DR neurons are arranged in a stereotyped topographical pattern, send divergent projections to amygdala subnuclei, and differ in their presynaptic inputs. Importantly, targeting DR DA neurons using different mouse lines yielded both structural and functional differences in the neural circuits accessed. These results provide a refined model of DR organization and support a comparative, case-by-case evaluation of the suitability of transgenic tools for any experimental application.
Longshot enables accurate variant calling in diploid genomes from single-molecule long read sequencing
Authors: Edge Peter , Bansal Vikas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhole-genome sequencing using sequencing technologies such as Illumina enables the accurate detection of small-scale variants but provides limited information about haplotypes and variants in repetitive regions of the human genome. Single-molecule sequencing (SMS) technologies such as Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore generate long reads that can potentially address the limitations of short-read sequencing. However, the high error rate of SMS reads makes it challenging to detect small-scale variants in diploid genomes. We introduce a variant calling method, Longshot, which leverages the haplotype information present in SMS reads to accurately detect and phase single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in diploid genomes. We demonstrate that Longshot achieves very high accuracy for SNV detection using whole-genome Pacific Biosciences data, outperforms existing variant calling methods, and enables variant detection in duplicated regions of the genome that cannot be mapped using short reads.
Highly structured, partner-sex- and subject-sex-dependent cortical responses during social facial touch
Authors: Ebbesen Christian L. , Bobrov Evgeny , Rao Rajnish P. , Brecht Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTouch is a fundamental aspect of social, parental and sexual behavior. In contrast to our detailed knowledge about cortical processing of non-social touch, we still know little about how social touch impacts cortical circuits. We investigated neural activity across five frontal, motor and sensory cortical areas in rats engaging in naturalistic social facial touch. Information about social touch and the sex of the interaction partner (a biologically significant feature) is a major determinant of cortical activity. 25.3% of units were modulated during social touch and 8.3% of units displayed ‘sex-touch’ responses (responded differently, depending on the sex of the interaction partner). Single-unit responses were part of a structured, partner-sex- and, in some cases, subject-sex-dependent population response. Spiking neural network simulations indicate that a change in inhibitory drive might underlie these population dynamics. Our observations suggest that socio-sexual characteristics of touch (subject and partner sex) widely modulate cortical activity and need to be investigated with cellular resolution.
Rare mutations in the complement regulatory gene CSMD1 are associated with male and female infertility
Authors: Lee Arthur S. , Rusch Jannette , Lima Ana C. , Usmani Abul , Huang Ni , Lepamets Maarja , Vigh-Conrad Katinka A. , Worthington Ronald E. , Mägi Reedik , Wu Xiaobo , Aston Kenneth I. , Atkinson John P. , Carrell Douglas T. , Hess Rex A. , O’Bryan Moira K. , Conrad Donald F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInfertility in men and women is a complex genetic trait with shared biological bases between the sexes. Here, we perform a series of rare variant analyses across 73,185 women and men to identify genes that contribute to primary gonadal dysfunction. We report CSMD1, a complement regulatory protein on chromosome 8p23, as a strong candidate locus in both sexes. We show that CSMD1 is enriched at the germ-cell/somatic-cell interface in both male and female gonads. Csmd1-knockout males show increased rates of infertility with significantly increased complement C3 protein deposition in the testes, accompanied by severe histological degeneration. Knockout females show significant reduction in ovarian quality and breeding success, as well as mammary branching impairment. Double knockout of Csmd1 and C3 causes non-additive reduction in breeding success, suggesting that CSMD1 and the complement pathway play an important role in the normal postnatal development of the gonads in both sexes.
Cytosolic ROS production by NADPH oxidase 2 regulates muscle glucose uptake during exercise
Authors: Henríquez-Olguin Carlos , Knudsen Jonas R. , Raun Steffen H. , Li Zhencheng , Dalbram Emilie , Treebak Jonas T. , Sylow Lykke , Holmdahl Rikard , Richter Erik A. , Jaimovich Enrique , Jensen Thomas E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) act as intracellular compartmentalized second messengers, mediating metabolic stress-adaptation. In skeletal muscle fibers, ROS have been suggested to stimulate glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)-dependent glucose transport during artificially evoked contraction ex vivo, but whether myocellular ROS production is stimulated by in vivo exercise to control metabolism is unclear. Here, we combined exercise in humans and mice with fluorescent dyes, genetically-encoded biosensors, and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) loss-of-function models to demonstrate that NOX2 is the main source of cytosolic ROS during moderate-intensity exercise in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, two NOX2 loss-of-function mouse models lacking either p47phox or Rac1 presented striking phenotypic similarities, including greatly reduced exercise-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation. These findings indicate that NOX2 is a major myocellular ROS source, regulating glucose transport capacity during moderate-intensity exercise.