bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of posttraumatic growth among adolescents over time since the Wenchuan earthquake
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Zhen Rui , Wu Xinchun 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionStudies have found that posttraumatic reactions show heterogeneous trajectories, but few studies have assessed the heterogeneous trajectories of posttraumatic growth (PTG) among adolescents. This study examined trajectories of PTG among adolescents following the Wenchuan earthquake, analyzing the relationships between PTG trajectories and gender, age, traumatic exposure, and posttraumatic stress disorder.MethodsAdolescents were surveyed 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 years after the earthquake. Self‐report questionnaires were administered to 391 participants ranging in age from 12 to 19 years.ResultsFour PTG trajectories were found: high, decreasing, low‐stable, and increasing. High PTG group respondents were older and had more intrusive symptoms. In addition, having more symptoms in the hyperarousal symptom cluster was associated with the development of high PTG. In contrast, the presence of fewer symptoms in the avoidance symptom cluster increased the likelihood of high or increasing PTG.ConclusionsThese findings indicated that adolescents exhibit heterogeneous PTG trajectories and that age and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters differentiate distinct PTG trajectories.
Symptom frequency and development of a generic functional disorder symptom scale suitable for use in studies of patients with irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome or chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Hyland Michael E. , Bacon Alison M. , Lanario Joseph W. , Davies Anthony F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the extent to which irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) exhibit symptom overlap, and to validate a patient‐derived, generic symptom questionnaire.MethodsA patient‐derived 61‐item symptom‐frequency questionnaire was completed by participants recruited through IBS, FMS and CFS self‐help websites. Principal axis factor analysis with oblimin rotation was performed separately for those reporting an IBS, FMS or CFS diagnosis.ResultsQuestionnaires were completed by 1751 participants of whom 851 reported more than one of the three diagnoses. Stomach pain on at least a weekly basis was reported by 79% of IBS, 52% of FMS, and 43% of CFS single diagnosis participants. Pain increasing the day after activity was reported by 32% of IBS, 94% of FMS, and 85% of CFS single diagnosis participants. Waking still tired at least once weekly was reported by 75% of IBS, 97% of FMS, and 95% of CFS single diagnosis participants. Exploratory factor analysis produced consistent results across all three diagnostic groups, the 61 items loading on 12 correlated factors with a single higher order factor on which all items loaded. Frequency analysis led to the rejection of one item (cold sores on or near lips), and freeform reporting by participants of additional symptoms identified an additional five, namely, restless legs, hair loss/brittle hair/thinning, dizziness/balance problems, blurred vision and urination problems.ConclusionsIBS, FMS and CFS are polysymptomatic spectrum disorders with a wide range of overlapping symptoms, many of which are unrelated to diagnostic criteria. Frequency analysis and factor analysis confirm the validity of using the same questionnaire across different diagnostic categories. The 65‐item general symptom questionnaire (GSQ‐65) is a valid generic symptom scale suitable for assessing the many different symptoms of people with IBS, FMS and CFS.
Association of handgrip strength with the prevalence of hypertension in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Mallah Manthar Ali , Liu Min , Liu Yu , Xu Hai‐Feng , Wu Xiao‐Jun , Chen Xiao‐Tian , Wang Hui , Liu Chun‐Lan , Tian Yuan‐Rui , Li Meng‐Xia , Li Qun , Fu Jun , Shen Chong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveHandgrip strength (HGS) exercise has been reported to reduce blood pressure in both hypertensive and normotensive patients. In this study, we evaluated the association of HGS with hypertension in a Chinese Han Population.MethodsA total of 11,151 subjects mainly consisting of a rural population were recruited with a multi‐stage sampling method in Jurong city, Jiangsu Province, China. Besides hypertension and diabetes, major chronic diseases were excluded. HGS was categorized into tertiles by age and gender. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association of HGS and hypertension with the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsFrom low to high tertiles of HGS, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was significantly increased (74.52 ± 7.39, 74.70 ± 7.03, and 75.54 ± 7.01 mmHg, respectively; Ptrend = 0.001), as well as in females (Ptrend=0.003). The differences in DBP among the tertiles of HGS were still significant in females even after adjusting for covariates (Ptrend=0.048). No significant differences in systolic blood pressure (SBP) were observed among the tertiles of HGS (P>0.05). Compared to low HGS, high HGS was significantly associated with hypertension after adjustment for age and gender (adjusted OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06–1.34; P =0.004). A stratified analysis showed that the significant association of high HGS and hypertension was also observed with the following factors even after adjusting for age and gender: female gender (adjusted OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.08–1.46; P=0.004), ages of 60–69 years (adjusted OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.06–1.57; P=0.011), and married (adjusted OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.06–1.37; P=0.005). However, no significant associations were found after adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, drinking status, body mass index, physical activity level, glucose, high‐ and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride (P>0.05).ConclusionThe findings of the current study suggest that HGS was positively correlated with DBP in a rural population, and high HGS was associated with hypertension in females; however, the association may be modified by smoking status, drinking status, body mass index, physical activity, cholesterol level, and glucose level. Further utilization of HGS exercises to intervene in the development and prognosis of hypertension should be verified in the future.
Tackling gaps in developing life‐changing treatments for dementia
Authors: Mauricio Rui , Benn Caroline , Davis John , Dawson Gerry , Dawson Lee A. , Evans Alison , Fox Nick , Gallacher John , Hutton Mike , Isaac John , Jones Declan N.C. , Jones Lesley , Lalli Giovanna , Libri Vincenzo , Lovestone Simon , Moody Catherine , Noble Wendy , Perry Hugh , Pickett James , Reynolds David , Ritchie Craig , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Routledge Carol , Rowe James , Snyder Heather , Spires‐Jones Tara , Swartz Jina , Truyen Luc , Whiting Paul ,   Therapeutics for Dementia Consortium
Published: June 2019

AbstractSince the G8 dementia summit in 2013, a number of initiatives have been established with the aim of facilitating the discovery of a disease‐modifying treatment for dementia by 2025. This report is a summary of the findings and recommendations of a meeting titled “Tackling gaps in developing life‐changing treatments for dementia”, hosted by Alzheimer's Research UK in May 2018. The aim of the meeting was to identify, review, and highlight the areas in dementia research that are not currently being addressed by existing initiatives. It reflects the views of leading experts in the field of neurodegeneration research challenged with developing a strategic action plan to address these gaps and make recommendations on how to achieve the G8 dementia summit goals. The plan calls for significant advances in (1) translating newly identified genetic risk factors into a better understanding of the impacted biological processes; (2) enhanced understanding of selective neuronal resilience to inform novel drug targets; (3) facilitating robust and reproducible drug‐target validation; (4) appropriate and evidence‐based selection of appropriate subjects for proof‐of‐concept clinical trials; (5) improving approaches to assess drug‐target engagement in humans; and (6) innovative approaches in conducting clinical trials if we are able to detect disease 10–15 years earlier than we currently do today.
Recovery of Heart Rate Variability After Exercise Under Hot Conditions: The Effect of Relative Humidity
Authors: Abellán-Aynés Oriol , López-Plaza Daniel , Alacid Fernando , Naranjo-Orellana Jose , Manonelles Pedro 
Published: June 2019

Introduction The aim of this study was to analyze changes in heart rate variability (HRV) during exercise in hot environments and recovery to baseline values depending on relative humidity. Methods Ten recreational runners participated in this study. Each participant performed 2 trials consisting of 30 min of continuous running under hot and dry (HD) (38°C and 28% relative humidity) and hot and humid (HH) conditions (38°C and 64% relative humidity) at their common 10 km race-running rhythm. HRV and body mass were assessed pre- and post-trial; the rating of perceived exertion and HRV were assessed during the trial; and HRV measurements were repeated 2, 4, 8, and 24 h postexercise. Primary HRV outcomes were root mean square of the successive differences, high frequency power, stress score, and sympathetic/parasympathetic ratio. One-way analysis of variance testing was used to analyze differences. Results No significant difference in body mass occurred across the different conditions or distances covered ( P>0.05). Rating of perceived exertion presented the highest correlation values with stress score (r=0.729 for HD; r=0.568 for HH) and sympathetic/parasympathetic ratio (r=0.621 for HD; r=0.519 for HH) during exercise. HRV recovered to baseline values more quickly after exercising under dry conditions (4 h) than under humid conditions (between 8 and 24 h). Conclusions Stress score and sympathetic/parasympathetic ratio seem to be the best HRV predictors of internal load. Although there are no differences in HRV during recovery at the same time points in both conditions, the recovery is slower after exercise in HH than in HD.
Exploring Sex-Based Differences in Concussion Knowledge, Attitudes and Resources in Young First Nations Hockey Players: A Cross-Sectional Survey from Ontario, Canada
Authors: Hunt Cindy , Michalak Alicja , Johnston Elaine , Macumber Leila , Jocko Tony , Ouchterlony Donna 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:Indigenous youth are vulnerable to concussion when playing hockey. A clear characterisation of sex differences among Indigenous youth could assist in tailoring future education programmes for prevention and management of concussion. The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast concussion knowledge, attitudes and resources in First Nations girls and boys playing recreational hockey.Method:The cross-sectional survey was conducted in partnership with a First Nations’ chief, other Indigenous community leaders and a tertiary care head injury clinic. In Canada, researchers engaging with Indigenous peoples are expected to adhere to principles of Ownership, Control, Access and Possessions. The study included Indigenous boys and girls between the ages of 10 and 18 years of age.Results:More girls attending the hockey tournament participated in the study as compared to boys (girlsn= 46, boysn= 29). More girls reported they had never experienced a concussion (73.9%), as compared to boys (58.6%) self-reports. Less than half of all study participants were able to identify some signs and symptoms of concussion such as vomiting/nausea, memory problems, fatigue and blurred vision and recognition of several concussion symptoms varied by sex.Conclusions:We created a unique partnership between Indigenous leaders and tertiary care clinic staff. Among Indigenous youth reasons for not reporting concussion symptoms to the coach varied by sex (although not reaching statistical significance), suggesting concussion education warrants tailoring for girls and boys.
Numerical investigation of the dependence of stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold on the pump intensity fluctuation
Authors: Zhu Xuehua , Wang Guanling , Wu Daohua 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the dependence of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold on the sinusoidal modulated properties of pump pulse is studied. A 527-nm-wavelength, 5 ns square laser pulse with sinusoidal temporal modulation is used as the pump source, and a 600 mm liquid heavy fluorocarbon material FC-40 is used as the Brillouin medium. The numerically calculated results indicate that the SBS threshold increases with the increase of both temporal intensity modulation index and modulation frequency of the pump pulse. However, when the intensity distortion criterion is below 30% or the duration of modulation peaks below three times the phonon lifetime, the SBS threshold tends to remain stable. The numerical results provide assistance to judge the SBS threshold for unsmoothed pump pulses, especially for high power laser applications.
Concurrent right atrial isomerism, complete atrioventricular septal defect, and single ventricle in an L-transposition of great arteries patient complicated by brain abscess
Authors: Yonas Emir , Pranata Raymond , Nusarintowati Nuvi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present a case of an 11-year-old Indonesian female who was referred to our facility after surgical excision of brain abscess. The patient has been previously diagnosed with right atrial isomerism, complete atrioventricular septal defect, and L-Transposition of great arteries. Multiple staged surgeries are required for the management of this condition.
Resolving Teleseismic Earthquake Catalog and InSAR Data Discrepancies in Absolute Space to Explore Rupture Complexity Along the Ecuadorian Megathrust Fault
Authors: Kwong Kevin B. , DeShon Heather R. , Kim Jin Woo , Lu Zhong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe 2016 MW 7.8 Pedernales, Ecuador, megathrust earthquake produced notable crustal deformation and generated an extensive aftershock sequence that included two M6.5+ events. We combine an improved teleseismic earthquake catalog for Ecuador with analysis of coseismic interferometric synthetic aperture radar data derived from the Sentinel‐1A satellite to better delineate the spatial and temporal slip history of the megathrust fault in absolute space. The revised teleseismic catalog spans 1961‐2016 and incorporates catalog phase onset times and waveform correlation derived differential times to locate earthquakes. Using teleseismic double‐difference (DD) tomography to simultaneously solve for an updated regional 3‐D compressional velocity model and locations yields earthquakes shifted ~25 km southwest relative to rapidly available teleseismic catalogs. The DD catalog better compares in absolute space to the Ecuadorian local catalog and better models the measured deformation fields of the 2016 Pedernales mainshock and largest aftershocks. Additionally, the DD mainshock location agrees with local‐scale seismic and geodetic studies that show the 2016 event had concentrated slip on a highly coupled asperity that likely participated in the 1942 Ecuador megathrust earthquake. The two large aftershocks also ruptured on the megathrust where moderate to strong interseismic coupling is observed. The DD catalog contains moderate‐sized aftershocks that concentrate outside high slip regions, primarily in areas that produced earthquakes during the interseismic cycle, and outside areas of aseismic slip. Development of rapid relative location approaches linking new seismicity to better constrained global catalogs could aid with near real‐time hazard assessment in areas lacking local data.
Seasonal and Spatial Variation in the Location and Reactivity of a Nitrate‐Contaminated Groundwater Discharge Zone in a Lakebed
Authors: Smith Richard L. , Repert Deborah A. , Stoliker Deborah L. , Kent Douglas B. , Song Bongkeun , LeBlanc Denis R. , McCobb Timothy D. , Böhlke J. K. , Hyun Sung Pil , Moon Hee Sun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGroundwater discharge delivering anthropogenic N from surrounding watersheds can impact lake nutrient budgets. However, upgradient groundwater processes and changing dynamics in N biogeochemistry at the groundwater‐lake interface are complex. In this study, seasonal water‐level variations in a groundwater flow‐through lake altered discharge patterns of a wastewater‐derived groundwater contaminant plume, thereby affecting biogeochemical processes controlling N transport. Pore water collected 15 cm under the lakebed along transects perpendicular to shore varied from oxic to anoxic with increasing nitrate concentrations (10–75 μM) and corresponding gradients in nitrite and nitrous oxide. Pore water depth profiles of nitrate concentrations and stable isotopic compositions largely reflected upgradient groundwater N sources and N cycle processes, with minor additional nitrate reduction in the near‐surface lakebed sediments. Potential denitrification rates determined in laboratory microcosms were 10–100 times higher in near‐surface sediments (0–5 cm) than in deeper sediments (5–30 cm) and were correlated with sediment carbon content and abundance of denitrification genes (nirS, nosZI, and nosZII). Potential anammox‐driven N2 production was detectable in deeper anoxic sediments. Injection of bromide and nitrite in the lake sediments showed that the highest net nitrite consumption rates were within the top 10 cm. However, short transit times owing to rapid upward pore water velocities (4–5 cm hr−1) limited removal of the contaminant nitrate transiting through the sediments. Results demonstrate that local hydrologic and biogeochemical processes at the point of discharge affect the distribution and discharge rate of N through lakebed sediments, but processes in the upgradient groundwater can be more important for affecting N speciation and concentration.
Regional Differences in Sea Level Rise Between the Mid‐Atlantic Bight and the South Atlantic Bight: Is the Gulf Stream to Blame?
Authors: Ezer Tal 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecent studies appear to show that a “hot spot” for accelerated sea level rise (SLR) shifted around 2010 from the Mid‐Atlantic Bight (MAB) to the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) and south Florida. The role of the Gulf Stream (GS) in this shift was thus investigated. The findings show that in the ~15–20 years before, SLR was accelerating in the MAB due to weakening and southward shifting of the GS. After 2010, however, SLR started slowing down in the MAB due to strengthening and northward shifting of the GS. Thermosteric effects seen in altimeter data indicate a warming trend south of 35°N that started around 2010 and contributed to increased SLR south of Cape Hatteras. However, in the MAB, after the GS separated from the coast, the warming of the Subtropical Gyre and cooling of nearshore waters resulted in an opposite SLR response and strengthening of the GS front. Oscillations with periods of 2–5 years dominated the GS flow and coastal sea level variability, but the GS in the MAB is often out of phase with the GS in the SAB due to eddies and recirculation gyres. These oscillations can create temporal changes in SLR rates that are ~10 times larger than the long‐term trend, so recent changes in the local “hot spot” may not be interpreted as a sign of a shift in the long‐term trend, but more likely a temporal shift associated with interannual and decadal variations in the North Atlantic.
Detection of Mesospheric CO2 Ice Clouds on Mars in Southern Summer
Authors: Jiang F. Y. , Yelle Roger V. , Jain S. K. , Cui J. , Montmessin F. , Schneider N. M. , Deighan J. , Gröller H. , Verdier L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper reports the first detections of two high‐altitude nighttime CO2 clouds on Mars during southern summer (Ls=264° and Ls=330°) with stellar occultation measurements by the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution spacecraft. Interpretation of the transmission spectra with Mie theory indicates particle radii of ∼90–110 nm assuming a monodisperse distribution. The altitude profile of extinction indicates that the cloud layers are confined horizontally to sizes less than ∼500–700 km. Examination of the CO2 density and temperature profiles reveals strong wave‐like perturbations. Supersaturated temperatures occur at the maximum negative extent of these wave‐like perturbations, which are organized in longitude with a dominant m=3 zonal harmonic. This suggests that tides are important in the formation of CO2 clouds.
Electron Vorticity Indicative of the Electron Diffusion Region of Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Hwang K.‐J. , Choi E. , Dokgo K. , Burch J. L. , Sibeck D. G. , Giles B. L. , Goldstein M. L. , Paterson W. R. , Pollock C. J. , Shi Q. Q. , Fu H. , Hasegawa H. , Gershman D. J. , Khotyaintsev Y. , Torbert R. B. , Ergun R. E. , Dorelli J. C. , Avanov L. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhile vorticity defined as the curl of the velocity has been broadly used in fluid and plasma physics, this quantity has been underutilized in space physics due to low time resolution observations. We report Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations of enhanced electron vorticity in the vicinity of the electron diffusion region of magnetic reconnection. On 11 July 2017 MMS traversed the magnetotail current sheet, observing tailward‐to‐earthward outflow reversal, current‐carrying electron jets in the direction along the electron meandering motion or out‐of‐plane direction, agyrotropic electron distribution functions, and dissipative signatures. At the edge of the electron jets, the electron vorticity increased with magnitudes greater than the electron gyrofrequency. The out‐of‐plane velocity shear along distance from the current sheet leads to the enhanced vorticity. This, in turn, contributes to the magnetic field perturbations observed by MMS. These observations indicate that electron vorticity can act as a proxy for delineating the electron diffusion region of magnetic reconnection.
A Transient Modeling Study of the Latitude Dependence of East Asian Winter Monsoon Variations on Orbital Timescales
Authors: Xie Xiaoxun , Liu Xiaodong , Chen Guangshan , Korty Robert L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTransient simulations for the last 300,000 years are conducted to identify how orbital insolation, greenhouse gases, and ice sheets affect variations of the East Asia winter monsoon (EAWM). Results show that the southern EAWM's dominant period is 23 kyr in response to variations in boreal winter insolation (primarily from precession), while the northern EAWM's dominant period is 100 kyr and is most strongly modulated by Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, displaying a significant latitude dependence in orbital‐scale EAWM variations. The precession‐modulated boreal winter insolation can control the southern EAWM by influencing zonal land‐sea thermal contrast at low latitudes, while Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during glacial periods can strengthen the northern EAWM by forcing a powerful cyclonic circulation anomaly over northern Pacific. The different responses of southern and northern EAWM to orbital insolation and ice‐sheet forcings can further lead to in phase or out phase variations between the southern and northern EAWM.
Earthquakes Within Earthquakes: Patterns in Rupture Complexity
Authors: Danré Philippe , Yin Jiuxun , Lipovsky Bradley P. , Denolle Marine A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEarthquake source time functions carry information about the complexity of seismic rupture. We explore databases of earthquake source time functions and find that they are composed of distinct peaks that we call subevents. We observe that earthquake complexity, as represented by the number of subevents, grows with earthquake magnitude. Patterns in rupture complexity arise from a scaling between subevent moment and main event moment. These results can be explained by simple 2‐D dynamic rupture simulations with self‐affine heterogeneity in fault prestress. Applying this to early magnitude estimates, we show that the main event magnitude can be estimated after observing only the first few subevents.