bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unexpected Products of Benzylamine Oxidation Catalyzed by Manganese Porphyrins: Some Factors that Play a Critical Role for Imine Formation
Authors: Meireles Alexandre Moreira , da Silva Vinícius Santos , Rebouças Júlio Santos , da Silva Martins Dayse Carvalho 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis work describes the oxidation of benzylamine by PhIO, catalyzed by a series of first‐row metal salts and the respective first‐, second‐, and third‐generation metalloporphyrins. Five products were identified in reactions with [MnIIITPPCl]/PhIO. In this system, two products obtained (benzaldehyde oxime andN‐benzylbenzamide) were not previously described when [MnIIITPPCl] was used as catalyst. The change in the oxidant type (PhIO, PhI(OAc)2, H2O2orm‐CPBA) modified the selectivity for the major product in the presence of [MnIIITPPCl]. For a second‐generation manganese porphyrin, the highest total yield was observed (99%), with 72% of imine product and only 1% of catalyst destruction, even in homogeneus system.
First Example of the Use of Biosourced Alkyl Levulinates as Solvents for Synthetic Chemistry: Application to the Heterogeneously Catalyzed Heck Coupling
Authors: Marcel Romane , Durillon Thibault , Djakovitch Laurent , Fache Fabienne , Rataboul Franck 
Published: March 2019

AbstractModern organic synthesis is highly demanding for environmentally friendly biosourced solvents. In this area, alkyl levulinates, that can be obtained directly from lignocellulose, represent serious candidates. This was demonstrated for the first time in this study, using Heck C−C coupling in the presence of various heterogeneous Pd‐catalysts. In most cases quantitative conversions of aryl halides were observed within short reaction time, associated with good to high isolated yields (30‐95%). In addition to be suitable solvents for this application, alkyl levulinates can be recovered and reused, offering when associated to heterogeneous catalysts facile work‐up procedure for easy obtaining of pure products.
Metal Free Synthesis of α‐Acetoxy/Hydroxymethyl Ketones from Propargylic acetates
Authors: Sadhukhan Santu , Baire Beeraiah 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn acid, HI promoted di‐deiodination process for the synthesis of α‐acetoxy/hydroxymethyl ketones from α′‐acetoxy‐α,α‐dihaloketones has been reported. The process is very general in terms of structural diversity of both tertiary‐ as well as secondary‐acetoxy possessing diiodoketones and found to be very efficient. The proposed mechanism involves as initial carbonyl activation by proton (acid) followed by the deiodination by Lewis base (iodide or water), for both the deiodination reactions. By extending this idea of acid activation during deiodination, further we have also developed a cascade conversion of propargylic acetates to corresponding α‐acetoxy/hydroxymethyl ketones under metal free conditions. This strategy is unique and high yielding for total four functional group transformations, i. e., propargylic acetate to diiodoketone to mono‐idodoketone to acetoxymethyl ketone to hydroxymethyl ketone.
Amyloid Self‐Assembly of hIAPP8‐20 via the Accumulation of Helical Oligomers, α‐Helix to β‐Sheet Transition, and Formation of β‐Barrel Intermediates
Authors: Sun Yunxiang , Kakinen Aleksandr , Xing Yanting , Faridi Pouya , Nandakumar Aparna , Purcell Anthony W. , Davis Thomas P. , Ke Pu Chun , Ding Feng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe self‐assembly of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) into β‐sheet‐rich nanofibrils is associated with the pathogeny of type 2 diabetes. Soluble hIAPP is intrinsically disordered with N‐terminal residues 8–17 as α‐helices. To understand the contribution of the N‐terminal helix to the aggregation of full‐length hIAPP, here the oligomerization dynamics of the hIAPP fragment 8–20 (hIAPP8‐20) are investigated with combined computational and experimental approaches. hIAPP8‐20 forms cross‐β nanofibrils in silico from isolated helical monomers via the helical oligomers and α‐helices to β‐sheets transition, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography. The computational results also suggest that the critical nucleus of aggregation corresponds to hexamers, consistent with a recent mass‐spectroscopy study of hIAPP8‐20 aggregation. hIAPP8‐20 oligomers smaller than hexamers are helical and unstable, while the α‐to‐β transition starts from the hexamers. Converted β‐sheet‐rich oligomers first form β‐barrel structures as intermediates before aggregating into cross‐β nanofibrils. This study uncovers a complete picture of hIAPP8‐20 peptide oligomerization, aggregation nucleation via conformational conversion, formation of β‐barrel intermediates, and assembly of cross‐β protofibrils, thereby shedding light on the aggregation of full‐length hIAPP, a hallmark of pancreatic beta‐cell degeneration.
Peroxidase‐Like Activity of Smart Nanomaterials and Their Advanced Application in Colorimetric Glucose Biosensors
Authors: Liu Xigui , Huang Danlian , Lai Cui , Qin Lei , Zeng Guangming , Xu Piao , Li Bisheng , Yi Huan , Zhang Mingming 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDiabetes is a dominating health issue with 425 million people suffering from the disease worldwide and 4 million deaths each year. To avoid further complications, the diabetic patient blood glucose level should be strictly monitored despite there being no cure for diabetes. Colorimetric biosensing has attracted significant attention because of its low cost, simplicity, and practicality. Recently, some nanomaterials have been found that possess unexpected peroxidase‐like activity, and great advances have been made in fabricating colorimetric glucose biosensors based on the peroxidase‐like activity of these nanomaterials using glucose oxidase. Compared with natural horseradish peroxidase, the nanomaterials exhibit flexibility in structure design and composition, and have easy separation and storage, high stability, simple preparation, and tunable catalytic activity. To highlight the significant progress in the field of nanomaterial‐based peroxidase‐like activity, this work discusses the various smart nanomaterials that mimic horseradish peroxidase and its mechanism and development history, and the applications in colorimetric glucose biosensors. Different approaches for tunable peroxidase‐like activity of nanomaterials are summarized, such as size, morphology, and shape; surface modification and coating; and metal doping and alloy. Finally, the conclusion and challenges facing peroxidase‐like activity of nanomaterials and future directions are discussed.
Nonaqueous Sodium‐Ion Full Cells: Status, Strategies, and Prospects
Authors: Niu Yu‐Bin , Yin Ya‐Xia , Guo Yu‐Guo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWith ever‐increasing efforts focused on basic research of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and growing energy demand, sodium‐ion full cells (SIFCs), as unique bridging technology between sodium‐ion half‐cells (SIHCs) and commercial batteries, have attracted more and more interest and attention. To promote the development of SIFCs in a better way, it is essential to gain a systematic and profound insight into their key issues and research status. This Review mainly focuses on the interface issues, major challenges, and recent progresses in SIFCs based on diversified electrolytes (i.e., nonaqueous liquid electrolytes, quasi‐solid‐state electrolytes, and all‐solid‐state electrolytes) and summarizes the modification strategies to improve their electrochemical performance, including interface modification, cathode/anode matching, capacity ratio, electrolyte optimization, and sodium compensation. Outlooks and perspectives on the future research directions to build better SIFCs are also provided.
Nanoparticle‐Based Nanomedicines to Promote Cancer Immunotherapy: Recent Advances and Future Directions
Authors: Liu Jianping , Zhang Run , Xu Zhi Ping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCancer immunotherapy is a promising cancer terminator by directing the patient's own immune system in the fight against this challenging disorder. Despite the monumental therapeutic potential of several immunotherapy strategies in clinical applications, the efficacious responses of a wide range of immunotherapeutic agents are limited in virtue of their inadequate accumulation in the tumor tissue and fatal side effects. In the last decades, increasing evidences disclose that nanotechnology acts as an appealing solution to address these technical barriers via conferring rational physicochemical properties to nanomaterials. In this Review, an imperative emphasis will be drawn from the current understanding of the effect of a nanosystem's structure characteristics (e.g., size, shape, surface charge, elasticity) and its chemical modification on its transport and biodistribution behavior. Subsequently, rapid‐moving advances of nanoparticle‐based cancer immunotherapies are summarized from traditional vaccine strategies to recent novel approaches, including delivery of immunotherapeutics (such as whole cancer cell vaccines, immune checkpoint blockade, and immunogenic cell death) and engineered immune cells, to regulate tumor microenvironment and activate cellular immunity. The future prospects may involve in the rational combination of a few immunotherapies for more efficient cancer inhibition and elimination.
Process maturity models: Classification by application sectors and validities studies
Authors: Lee Donghun , Gu Ja‐Whan , Jung Ho‐Won 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA variety of maturity models have been developed and evolved as a tool for assessments/benchmarking and continuous improvements for the past two decades. The rapidly increasing number of maturity models led to problems in locating proper maturity models and identifying model validities. To identify maturity models and their validities as well as a classification of models across industrial sectors, a mapping study was applied to initially retrieved 2381 articles on maturity models published in peer‐reviewed journals between 1993 and June 2015. We identified 194 maturity models from 285 articles using a set of quality assessment steps. Among those maturity models, besides the five partially validated ones, this study also identified 26 maturity models that were empirically tested on the basis of tested hypotheses and associated validity types, such as predictive validity and unidimensionality. Additionally, despite the wide presence of maturity models in most application sectors, validated models were observed only in five sectors, eg, IT, industrials, and general. Practitioners and researchers as well as standard organizations can utilize our results to find out maturity models meeting their needs, to identify their validities, and/or to seek research opportunities.
Orthopedic trauma surgeon in Sierra Leone: how to keep one’s head over water
Authors: Wichlas Florian , Tsitsilonis Serafim , Guanti Michela Delli , Strada Gino , Deininger Christian 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Developing a guideline for orthopedic trauma surgeons working in civilian trauma hospitals in low-income countries.

Methods
This is a retrospective data analysis in a non-governmental organizational trauma hospital in Sierra Leone, Africa. Trauma victims (282), with 349 fractures, were admitted to the hospital 10/2015–01/2016. The incidence of open and closed fractures and the use of implants were evaluated.

Results
The most common fractures were open and closed tibial shaft fractures and closed femoral shaft fractures in adults, and closed supracondylar humerus fractures in children. The most used implants were external fixators, K-wires, and intramedullary nails. External fixators were used for open fractures, K-wires for closed fractures in children, hand and foot, and nails for closed fractures of the lower extremity in adults. Plates were used the least and mostly for fractures of the upper extremity, the proximal tibia and malleolar region in adults. The complication rate was 5.67%.

Conclusion
Surgeons in low-income country trauma hospitals should treat conservatively on outpatient basis only, to reduce the amount of stationary patients. Open fractures should be treated with external fixators, and closed fractures in children, hand and foot, with K-wires. Closed fractures in adults of the lower extremity should be nailed, and closed fractures in adults of the upper extremity can be treated with plates.
Using mobile virtual reality to enhance medical comprehension and satisfaction in patients and their families
Authors: Palanica Adam , Docktor Michael J. , Lee Andrew , Fossat Yan 
Published: March 2019

Patients are typically debriefed by their healthcare provider after any medical procedure or surgery to discuss their findings and any next steps involving medication or treatment instructions. However, without any medical or scientific background knowledge, it can feel overwhelming and esoteric for a patient to listen to a physician describe a complex operation. Instead, providing patients with engaging visuals and a virtual reality (VR) simulation of their individual clinical findings could lead to more effective transfer of medical knowledge and comprehension of treatment information. A newly developed VR technology is described, called HealthVoyager, which is designed to help facilitate this knowledge transfer between physicians and patients. The platform represents a customizable, VR software system utilizing a smartphone or tablet computer to portray personalized surgical or procedural findings as well as representations of normal anatomy. The use of such technology for eliciting medical understanding and patient satisfaction can have many practical and clinical applications for a variety of disease states and patient populations.
Origin of Luminescent Centers and Edge States in Low-Dimensional Lead Halide Perovskites: Controversies, Challenges and Instructive Approaches
Authors: Bao Jiming , Hadjiev Viktor G. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
With only a few deep-level defect states having a high formation energy and dominance of shallow carrier non-trapping defects, the defect-tolerant electronic and optical properties of lead halide perovskites have made them appealing materials for high-efficiency, low-cost, solar cells and light-emitting devices. As such, recent observations of apparently deep-level and highly luminescent states in low-dimensional perovskites have attracted enormous attention as well as intensive debates. The observed green emission in 2D CsPb2Br5 and 0D Cs4PbBr6 poses an enigma over whether it is originated from intrinsic point defects or simply from highly luminescent CsPbBr3 nanocrystals embedded in the otherwise transparent wide band gap semiconductors. The nature of deep-level edge emission in 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites is also not well understood. In this mini review, the experimental evidences that support the opposing interpretations are analyzed, and challenges and root causes for the controversy are discussed. Shortcomings in the current density functional theory approaches to modeling of properties and intrinsic point defects in lead halide perovskites are also noted. Selected experimental approaches are suggested to better correlate property with structure of a material and help resolve the controversies. Understanding and identification of the origin of luminescent centers will help design and engineer perovskites for wide device applications.
Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Diagnostic Tool in the Assessment of Tumour Angiogenesis in Urinary Bladder Cancer
Authors: Hassanien Omar Ahmad , Abouelkheir Rasha T. , Abou El-Ghar Mohamed Ibrahim , Badawy Manal Ezzat , El Gamal Samir Abdel-hakim , El-Hamid Mohamed Abd 
Published: March 2019

Purpose The aim of study is to assess the role of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and correlation with tumour angiogenesis in evaluation of urinary bladder cancer. Material and Methods The study included 81 patients with recent presumed diagnosis of bladder tumour or who came for follow up after management of histopathologically proven bladder cancer. All had DCE-MRI with time–signal intensity curve. The radiologic results then correlated with the histopathologic results using both haematoxylin and eosin stain and immuno-histochemical staining for localization and evaluation of CD34 immunoreactivity as a detector for the microvessel density (MVD) and tumour angiogenesis. Results Seventy-one cases were pathologically proven to be malignant: 41 cases (58%) showed type III time–signal intensity curve (descending); 22 cases (31%) showed type II (plateau); and 8 cases (11%) showed type I (ascending) curve. The sensitivity of DCE-MRI in stage T1 bladder tumour was 80%; in stage T2, it was (90.9%); and in stage T3, it was (96.9%). Overall accuracy of DCE-MRI in tumour staging was 89.5% and P = .001 (significant). Values more than the cutoff value = 76.13 MVD are cystitis with sensitivity (90%), specificity (91%), and P value is .001, which is statistically highly significant. Conclusion There is a strong positive association between DCE-MRI (staging and washout slope of the time–signal intensity curve) with histopathologic grade, tumour stage, and MVD in bladder cancer. So, DCE-MRI can be used as reliable technique in preoperative predictions of tumour behavior and affect the planning of antiangiogenetic therapy.
Price Determinants of Performance-Tested Bulls over Time
Authors: Boyer Christopher N. , Campbell Kelsey , Griffith Andrew P. , DeLong Karen L. , Rhinehart Justin , Kirkpatrick David 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe estimate the values of bull phenotypic traits, performance measurements, and expected progeny differences (EPDs) over time using bull sale data from an auction in Tennessee from 2006 to 2016. Moreover, we determine how a state partial-cost reimbursement program for bulls with certain EPDs affects bull sale price. Purebred seed stock producers in this region should focus on selling large, fast-growing, mature bulls that produce lighter calves for reduced calving stress. The state cost-share payment did not significantly increase bull prices in most years, meaning this payment was retained by cow-calf producers in most years.
Expenditures on Malevolent Magico-Religious Powers: Empirical Evidence from Benin
Authors: Lang Alison , LeMay-Boucher Philippe , Tomavo Charlemagne Codjo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:This study investigates household expenditures on magico-religious powers in Southern Benin, with a novel focus on malevolent powers. Of 126 households, 18 percent reported expenditures on malevolent powers within the previous thirteen years. Investment in such powers for malevolent purposes was found to be significantly less frequent than for cure or protection. In line with existing literature, the following factors were found to be positively correlated with investment in malevolent powers: (1) living with a partner; (2) jealousy of economic success; (3) conflict within a social circle. Expenditures on powers for cure and protection are positively correlated with expenditures on malevolent uses.
A simple intervention to reduce your chance of missing an acute aortic dissection
Authors: Ohle Robert , Mc Isaac Sarah , Perry Jeffrey J. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionAcute aortic dissection (AAD) is a time sensitive, difficult to diagnose, aortic emergency. We sought to explore the quality of history taking in AAD and assess its impact on misdiagnosis.MethodsWe studied a retrospective cohort of patients >18 years old who presented to two tertiary care emergency departments from January 1st 2004 – December 31st 2012 and were diagnosed with an acute aortic dissection (AAD) on CT, MRI or TEE. Trained reviewers’ extracted data using a standardized data collection form. The definitions of 5 pain characteristics – character, onset, duration, quality, and radiation were defined a priori.ResultsData were collected for 194 cases of acute aortic dissection with a mean age of 65(SD 14.1) and 66.7% male, 34(17.6%) missed on initial presentation. Only 20(14.8%) patients were asked all 5 questions. The most common initial incorrect diagnosis were acute coronary syndrome (16, 47%), pulmonary embolism (5, 14.7%) and stroke (4, 11.7%). If <2 questions were asked 1 in 5 cases were missed, 4 times greater than if >2 were asked (P < 0.01).ConclusionClinicians should ask and document the character, onset, duration, radiation and severity of pain in any patient presenting with chest, abdominal or flank pain. A focused history still remains the keystone to reducing misdiagnosis.
Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Settings on Voice Quality, Intensity, and Prosody in Parkinson’s Disease: Preliminary Evidence for Speech Optimization
Authors: Abeyesekera Anita , Adams Scott , Mancinelli Cynthia , Knowles Thea , Gilmore Greydon , Delrobaei Mehdi , Jog Mandar 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT:Objective: To systematically evaluate how different deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) amplitude, frequency, and pulse-width electrical parameter settings impact speech intensity, voice quality, and prosody of speech in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: Ten individuals with PD receiving bilateral STN-DBS treatments were seen for three baseline and five treatment visits. The five treatment visits involved an examination of the standard clinical settings as well as manipulation of different combinations of frequency (low, mid, and high), pulse width (low, mid, and high), and voltage (low, mid, and high) of stimulation. Measures of speech intensity, jitter, shimmer, harmonics–noise ratio, semitone standard deviation, and listener ratings of voice quality and prosody were obtained for each STN-DBS manipulation. Results: The combinations of lower frequency, lower pulse width, and higher voltage settings were associated with improved speech outcomes compared to the current standard clinical settings. In addition, decreased total electrical energy delivered to the STN appears to be associated with speech improvements. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence that STN-DBS may be optimized for Parkinson-related problems with voice quality, speech intensity, and prosody of speech.
Examination of sustainability goals: A comparative study of U.S. and Indian firms
Authors: Palmer Timothy B. , Phadke Suniti , Nair Malini V. , Flanagan David J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractConsiderable attention has focused on tactics firms use when building their sustainability platforms. Less is known, however, about how sustainability goal setting varies globally, especially in developing economies. Accordingly, we examined sustainability goals of 21 of the 50 largest Indian firms and compared them with similar data from a published study that examined 22 of the 50 largest U.S. firms. In total, 679 sustainability goals were analyzed using a triple bottom line framework. We found U.S. firms set more sustainability goals than Indian firms. Firms from both samples set similar numbers of people goals but U.S. firms set more diversity goals. Indian firms were more inclined to set economic and community development goals. We also detected differences across the samples in planet goals associated with emissions and water. Especially significant, Indian firms were much more likely than U.S. firms to specify profit goals. Implications for research and practice are discussed.