bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrifier abundance and diversity peak at deep redox transition zones
Authors: Zhao Rui , Hannisdal Bjarte , Mogollon Josè M. , Jørgensen Steffen L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMore than half of the global ocean floor is draped by nutrient-starved sediments characterized by deep oxygen penetration and a prevalence of oxidized nitrogen. Despite low energy availability, this habitat hosts a vast microbial population, and geochemical characteristics suggest that nitrogen compounds are an energy source critical to sustaining this biomass. However, metabolic rates of nitrogen transformation and their link to microbial survival in this global-scale ecosystem remain virtually unknown. Here we provide quantitative constraints on microbial nitrogen cycling in open ocean oligotrophic sediments from seafloor to basement, spanning approximately 8 million years. We find active microbial nitrogen transformation throughout the sediment column but at very low rates. Local peaks in diversity and abundance of nitrifiers and denitrifiers occur at redox transition zones deep within the sediments, strongly indicating that these microbes are revived from their maintenance state and start growing again after millions of years of attrition.
Zebrafish macroH2A variants have distinct embryo localization and function
Authors: Gonzalez-Munoz E. , Arboleda-Estudillo Y. , Chanumolu S. K. , Otu H. H. , Cibelli J. B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMouse and cell-based studies have shown that macroH2A histone variants predominantly associate with heterochromatin. Functional studies found that macroH2As are involved in gene repression, inhibiting the acquisition of pluripotency and preserving cell differentiation. However, only a few studies have analysed the role of macroH2A during early embryo development. We report the development of transgenic zebrafish lines expressing macroH2A isoforms (mH2A1 and mH2A2) fusion proteins (with GFP) under identified endogenous promoters. We found that mH2A1 and mH2A2 have different spatial and temporal expression patterns during embryonic development. mH2A1 is expressed mostly in the extraembryonic Yolk Syncytial Layer (YSL) starting before shield stage and decreasing once morphogenesis is completed. mH2A2 expression lags behind mH2A1, becoming evident at 24 hpf, within the whole body of the embryo proper. Our ChIP-seq analysis showed that mH2A1 and mH2A2 bind to different DNA regions, changing dramatically after gastrulation. We further analysed RNA-seq data and showed that there is not a general/unspecific repressing function of mH2A1 or mH2A2 associated with heterochromatin but a fine regulation depending on cell types and stage of development. mH2A1 downregulates DNA expression in specific cells and embryo stages and its effect is independent of heterochromatin formation but it is correlated with nucleus quiescence instead. Whereas mH2A2 DNA association correlates with upregulation of differentially expressed genes between 75% epiboly and 24 hpf stages. Our data provide information for underlying molecules that participate in crucial early developmental events, and open new venues to explore mH2A related mechanisms that involve cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and metabolism.
The strength of soil-plant interactions under forest is related to a Critical Soil Depth
Authors: Goebes Philipp , Schmidt Karsten , Seitz Steffen , Both Sabine , Bruelheide Helge , Erfmeier Alexandra , Scholten Thomas , Kühn Peter 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSoil properties and terrain attributes are of great interest to explain and model plant productivity and community assembly (hereafter P&CA). Many studies only sample surface soils, and may therefore miss important variation of deeper soil levels. We aimed to identify a critical soil depth in which the relationships between soil properties and P&CA were strongest due to an ideal interplay among soil properties and terrain attributes. On 27 plots in a subtropical Chinese forest varying in tree and herb layer species richness and tree productivity, 29 soil properties in six depth columns and four terrain attributes were analyzed. Soil properties varied with soil depth as did their interrelationships. Non-linearity of soil properties led to critical soil depths in which different P&CA characteristics were explained best (using coefficients of determination). The strongest relationship of soil properties and terrain attributes to most of P&CA characteristics (adj. R2~ 0.7) was encountered using a soil column of 0–16 cm. Thus, depending on the biological signal one is interested in, soil depth sampling has to be adapted. Considering P&CA in subtropical broad-leaved secondary forests, we recommend sampling one bulk sample of a column from 0 cm down to a critical soil depth of 16 cm.
Patients’ views of wearable devices and AI in healthcare: findings from the ComPaRe e-cohort
Authors: Tran Viet-Thi , Riveros Carolina , Ravaud Philippe 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWearable biometric monitoring devices (BMDs) and artificial intelligence (AI) enable the remote measurement and analysis of patient data in real time. These technologies have generated a lot of “hype,” but their real-world effectiveness will depend on patients’ uptake. Our objective was to describe patients’ perceptions of the use of BMDs and AI in healthcare. We recruited adult patients with chronic conditions in France from the “Community of Patients for Research” (ComPaRe). Participants (1) answered quantitative and open-ended questions about the potential benefits and dangers of using of these new technologies and (2) participated in a case-vignette experiment to assess their readiness for using BMDs and AI in healthcare. Vignettes covered the use of AI to screen for skin cancer, remote monitoring of chronic conditions to predict exacerbations, smart clothes to guide physical therapy, and AI chatbots to answer emergency calls. A total of 1183 patients (51% response rate) were enrolled between May and June 2018. Overall, 20% considered that the benefits of technology (e.g., improving the reactivity in care and reducing the burden of treatment) greatly outweighed the dangers. Only 3% of participants felt that negative aspects (inadequate replacement of human intelligence, risks of hacking and misuse of private patient data) greatly outweighed potential benefits. We found that 35% of patients would refuse to integrate at least one existing or soon-to-be available intervention using BMDs and AI-based tools in their care. Accounting for patients’ perspectives will help make the most of technology without impairing the human aspects of care, generating a burden or intruding on patients’ lives.
Raftophilic rhodopsin-clusters offer stochastic platforms for G protein signalling in retinal discs
Authors: Hayashi Fumio , Saito Natsumi , Tanimoto Yasushi , Okada Keisuke , Morigaki Kenichi , Seno Keiji , Maekawa Shohei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRhodopsin is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that initiates the phototransduction cascade in retinal disc membrane. Recent studies have suggested that rhodopsin forms highly ordered rows of dimers responsible for single-photon detection by rod photoreceptors. Dimerization is also known to confer to rhodopsin a high affinity for ordered lipids (raftophilicity). However, the role of rhodopsin organization and its raftophilicity in phototransduction remains obscure, owing to the lack of direct observation of rhodopsin dynamics and distribution in native discs. Here, we explore the single-molecule and semi-multimolecule behaviour of rhodopsin in native discs. Rhodopsin forms transient meso-scale clusters, even in darkness, which are loosely confined to the disc centre. Cognate G protein transducin co-distributes with rhodopsin, and exhibits lateral translocation to the disc periphery upon activation. We demonstrate that rhodopsin offers inherently distributed and stochastic platforms for G protein signalling by self-organizing raftophilic clusters, which continually repeat generation/extinction in the disc membrane.
Occurrence and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in slaughtered domestic rabbits in central China
Authors: Qian Weifeng , Yan Wenchao , Lv Chaochao , Bai Rongzhen , Wang Tianqi 
Published: June 2019

Currently, information on the occurrence and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in tissues of rabbits in China is lacking. In this study, brain and heart samples from 470 slaughtered domestic rabbits were collected in Henan Province, Central China. The occurrence rate of T. gondii and N. caninum DNA detected by nested PCR was 2.8% and 2.1%, respectively. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the frequency of the two parasite infections in relation to sex, breed, and region. Three out of 13 T. gondii-positive samples were completely or partially genotyped at 11 genetic markers using PCR-RFLP, and one was identified as ToxoDB genotype #9. For N. caninum, three different sequences at the ITS1 region and two genotypes at the MS5 microsatellite locus were identified. To our knowledge, this is the first genetic characterization of N. caninum isolates from rabbits.
Surgical Studies of Reconstructive Breast Surgery – An Overview of the Topics at the 2019 Annual Meeting of the Working Group for Reconstructive Surgery in Oncology-Gynecology
Authors: Paepke Stefan , Kiechle Marion , Ankel Christine , Weyrich Joy , Klein Evelyn , Schneider Anna , Johannigmann-Malek Navid , Dietrich Anna-Sophia , Ohlinger Ralf , Thill Marc 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis yearʼs annual AWOgyn meeting focused on studies of reconstructive breast surgery. As the majority of breast reconstructions are implant-based, most studies also focused on implant-based reconstruction. Since 2011, the guidelines have recommended using interposed mesh materials as support. The basic idea behind every type of material is to provide coverage and stabilization for the implant by constructing an “internal bra” which will create the appropriate implant shape and maintain the position, stability and flexibility of the implant. The Working Group for Reconstructive Surgery in Oncology-Gynecology (AWOgyn) has undertaken to analyze different materials with regard to indications, success rates and side effects as documented in registers, clinical assessments and study protocols. This has increased application safety and is expected to improve it even further in future. Prospective studies are being carried out to investigate issues such as the optimal material, optimal implant site and best cosmetic results. The first results for porcine and human acellular matrices and for partially resorbable titanium-coated synthetic polypropylene meshes are now available. In 2019, the AWOgyn working group will be launching further studies to evaluate a perforated acellular dermal matrix (Fortiva®), a titanium-coated implant pocket (TiLOOP® Bra Pocket) and a fully resorbable synthetic mesh (TIGR®mesh).
Psychosoziale Arbeitsbelastungen als Gesundheitsrisiken?
Authors: Siegrist Prof. Dr. Johannes 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungZum Einfluss gesundheitsgefährdender Einflüsse der modernen Arbeitswelt auf das Risiko, stressassoziierte Erkrankungen zu erleiden, liegen heute umfangreiche neue Erkenntnisse aus internationalen Studien vor. Der Artikel gibt einen kurzen Überblick über wesentliche Befunde und diskutiert praktische Folgerungen aus vorliegender Evidenz für gezielte Bemühungen um die Sicherung und Weiterentwicklung gesundheitsförderlicher Arbeit und Beschäftigung.
Articulated Joint Distraction in a Cadaveric Model of the Canine Elbow
Authors: Garofolo Stephen Q. , Conzemius Michael G. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine if articulated joint distraction in the canine elbow can effectively maintain a distraction gap between the articular surfaces of the canine elbow under a weight-bearing load.
Study Design An articulated external skeletal fixator with turnbuckles was applied to seven canine cadaveric elbow specimens. Specimens were potted and mechanically tested at 135° of flexion, while joint contact pressure was recorded at three locations within the elbow. Joint distraction was sequentially increased, and loads of 5 N, 90 N and 180 N were incrementally applied. This process was repeated until no pressure was recorded at each of the three locations within the elbow under 180 N of applied load.
Results To achieve 0 N of joint contact force with 180 N of axial load, the average amount of distraction needed was 2.3 ± 0.71 mm (range, 1.8–3.6 mm) at the distal turnbuckles and 1.67 ± 1.10 mm (range, 1.8–2.7 mm) at the proximal turnbuckles.
Conclusion Results suggest that joint distraction can effectively decrease articular pressure within the canine elbow joint. A maximum of 3.6 mm of distraction between the fixator turnbuckles was necessary to eliminate joint contact for the construct tested. Clinical investigation is necessary to establish if articulated elbow joint distraction is a safe and effective for the treatment of canine elbow osteoarthritis.
彝語諾蘇話雙及物及其他三個論元結構
Authors: Hu Suhua , Zhao Jing 
Published: June 2019

抽象
跨語言研究中的雙及物結構是一個句法－語義概念，由雙及物動詞及其三個論元——施事(A)、與事(R)和客體(T)組成，句法上可以有多種編碼方式，語義基礎為物品轉移義，其原型動詞是「給」。彝語諾蘇話「給」和其他的三個論元結構有一致性，可以將其公式化為：「N1:A-N2:T-ka³³-N3:R/L-V」或「N2:T-N1:A-ka³³-N3:R/L-V」，其語義基礎為處置義，ka³³是表示處置的輔動詞，支配客體T(heme)即N2；N3或為接受者R(ecipient)，或為處所L(ocation)；N1為施事者A(gent)。彝語諾蘇話沒有真正句法意義上的「雙及物」結構，而是通過兩個「單及物」結構，即連動結構來表示跨語言中的雙及物義。其中，第一個動詞為泛義的處置輔動詞ka³³，它也可以被表示具體的處置方式的實義動詞如「送」、「餵」、「賣」等替換，這些動詞與位於句末的第二個動詞「給」構成連動結構，此處的「給」有語義虛化的條件，但由於句法限制，不會在此結構中語法化為與格標記，因為彝語是動詞居末型語言。若兩個動詞都為實義動詞，則連動結構也不會出現動詞語法化的現象，如使動詞結構「T+『煮』+R+『吃』（使動）」中兩個動詞都不會產生語法化。簡言之，彝語諾蘇話中的這三類三個論元的句法結構表現都一致，用連動結構表達，它沒有真正意義上的雙及物結構，甚至沒有真正的三價動詞。「客體處置」義是這些結構共同的語義基礎。這一特點產生的原因是彝語諾蘇話核心論元的格標記不發達，語序是其論元組配的主要手段，連動結構是其表達策略。很顯然連動結構在彝語諾蘇話中具有能產、顯赫、多功能的特點。這是首次對彝語諾蘇話雙及物結構和其他相關結構進行詳細的描寫，為語言類型學研究提供了可資借鑒的語料，研究結論也對類型學的理論研究也有一定的啟示。
Variation in the tonal space of Yangliu Lalo, an endangered language of Yunnan, China
Authors: Yang Cathryn , Stanford James N. , Liu Yang , Jiang Jinjing , Tang Liufang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEndangered tone languages are not often studied within quantitative variationist approaches, but such approaches can provide valuable insights for language description and documentation in the Tibeto-Burman area. This study examines tone variation within Yangliu Lalo (Central Ngwi), a minority language community in China that is currently shifting to Southwestern Mandarin. Yangliu Lalo’s Tone 4, the rising-falling High tone, is lowering and flattening among young people, especially females, who also tend to use Lalo less frequently. Tonal range in elicited speech is shown to be decreasing as use of Lalo decreases. Concurrently, the standard deviation of the pitch of individual tones also decreases, while at the same time speakers with a narrow tonal range also show greater articulatory precision for each tone. Tonal range and standard deviation of pitch are both parameters of tonal space, the arrangement of, and relationship between, tones within the tonal system. The results from our apparent-time study suggest that tonal space provides a new avenue of sociolinguistic inquiry for tone languages.
Lisinopril Preserves Physical Resilience and Extends Life Span in a Genotype-Specific Manner in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Gabrawy Mariann M , Campbell Sarah , Carbone Mary Anna , Morozova Tatiana V , Arya Gunjan H , Turlapati Lavanya B , Walston Jeremy D , Starz-Gaiano Michelle , Everett Logan , Mackay Trudy F C , Leips Jeff , Abadir Peter M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Physical resiliency declines with age and comorbid conditions. In humans, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has been associated with attenuation of the decline in physical performance with age. ACE-inhibitor compounds, commonly prescribed for hypertension, often have beneficial effects on physical performance however the generality of these effects are unclear. Here, we tested the effects of the ACE-inhibitor Lisinopril on life span, and age-specific speed, endurance, and strength using three genotypes of the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel. We show that age-related decline in physical performance and survivorship varies with genetic background. Lisinopril treatment increased mean life span in all Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel lines, but its effects on life span, speed, endurance, and strength depended on genotype. We show that genotypes with increased physical performance on Lisinopril treatment experienced reduced age-related protein aggregation in muscle. Knockdown of skeletal muscle-specific Ance, the Drosophila ortholog of ACE, abolished the effects of Lisinopril on life span, implying a role for skeletal muscle Ance in survivorship. Using transcriptome profiling, we identified genes involved in stress response that showed expression changes associated with genotype and age-dependent responsiveness to Lisinopril. Our results demonstrate that Ance is involved in physical decline and demonstrate genetic variation in phenotypic responses to an ACE inhibitor.
Beyond Suction-Feeding Fishes: Identifying New Approaches to Performance Integration During Prey Capture in Aquatic Vertebrates
Authors: Kane Emily A , Cohen Hannah E , Hicks William R , Mahoney Emily R , Marshall Christopher D 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOrganisms are composed of hierarchically arranged component parts that must work together to successfully achieve whole organism functions. In addition to integration among individual parts, some ecological demands require functional systems to work together in a type of inter-system performance integration. While performance can be measured by the ability to successfully accomplish ecologically relevant tasks, integration across performance traits can provide a deeper understanding of how these traits allow an organism to survive. The ability to move and the ability to consume food are essential to life, but during prey capture these two functions are typically integrated. Suction-feeding fishes have been used as a model of these interactions, but it is unclear how other ecologically relevant scenarios might reduce or change integration. To stimulate further research into these ideas, we highlight three contexts with the potential to result in changes in integration and underlying performance traits: (1) behavioral flexibility in aquatic feeding modes for capturing alternative prey types, (2) changes in the physical demands imposed by prey capture across environments, and (3) secondary adaptation for suction prey capture behaviors. These examples provide a broad scope of potential drivers of integration that are relevant to selection pressures experienced across vertebrate evolution. To demonstrate how these ideas can be applied and stimulate hypotheses, we provide observations from preliminary analyses of locally adapted populations of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) capturing prey using suction and biting feeding strategies and an Atlantic mudskipper (Periophthalmus barbarus) capturing prey above and below water. We also include a re-analysis of published data from two species of secondarily aquatic cetaceans, beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) and Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens), to examine the potential for secondary adaptation to affect integration in suction prey capture behaviors. Each of these examples support the broad importance of integration between locomotor and feeding performance but outline new ways that these relationships can be important when suction demands are reduced or altered. Future work in these areas will yield promising insights into vertebrate evolution and we hope to encourage further discussion on possible avenues of research on functional integration during prey capture.
Use of UPLC-HRMS/MS for In Vitro and In Vivo Metabolite Identification of Three Methylphenidate-derived New Psychoactive Substances
Authors: Manier Sascha K , Niedermeier Sophia , Schäper Jan , Meyer Markus R 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The distribution of so-called new psychoactive substances (NPS) as substitute for common drug of abuse was steadily increasing in the last years, but knowledge about their toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic properties is lacking. However, a comprehensive knowledge of their toxicokinetics, particularly their metabolism, is crucial for developing reliable screening procedures and to verify their intake, e.g., in case of intoxications. The aim of this study was therefore to tentatively identify the metabolites of the methylphenidate-derived NPS isopropylphenidate (isopropyl 2-phenyl-2-(2-piperidyl) acetate, IPH), 4-fluoromethylphenidate (methyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(piperidin-2-yl) acetate, 4-FMPH) and 3,4-dichloromethylphenidate (methyl 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(piperidin-2-yl) acetate, 3,4-CTMP) using different in vivo and in vitro techniques and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS). Urine samples of male rats were analyzed, and the transfer to human metabolism was done by using pooled human S9 fraction (pS9), which contains the microsomal fraction of liver homogenisate as well as its cytosol. UHPLC-HRMS/MS analysis of rat urine revealed 17 metabolites for IPH (14 phase I and 3 phase II metabolites), 13 metabolites were found for 4-FMPH (12 phase I metabolites and 1 phase II metabolite) and 7 phase I metabolites and no phase II metabolites were found for 3,4-CTMP. pS9 incubations additionally indicated that all investigated substances were primarily hydrolyzed, resulting in the corresponding carboxy metabolites. Finally, these carboxy metabolites should be used as additional analytical targets besides the parent compounds for comprehensive mass spectrometry–based screening procedures.
Burn Injuries Resulting From Methamphetamine and Honey Oil Explosions: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Neeki Michael M , Dong Fanglong , Youssef Dania , Liu Benfie , Lee Carol , Burgett-Moreno Michelle , Rippe Edward , Wong David , Borger Rodney 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A high incidence of honey oil and methamphetamine production has led to an increase in burn victims presenting to this regional burn center in California. This study aims to compare patient outcomes resulting from burn injuries associated with honey oil and methamphetamine production. This is a retrospective cohort study using the regional burn registry to identify patients with burn injuries related to honey oil production or methamphetamine purification explosions from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2017. Patient demographics and clinical outcomes data were abstracted from the burn registry and medical records. A total of 91 patients were included in the final analysis and 59.3% (n = 54) were related to honey oil injury. There was no statistically significant difference between honey oil and methamphetamine burn injuries in regard to clinical outcomes, including mortality (1.9% vs 8.1%, P = .1588), third-degree burn (47.2% vs 59.5%, P = .2508), mechanical ventilator usage (50% vs 69.4%, P = .0714), median hospital length of stay (LOS; 10 vs 11 days, P = .5308), ICU LOS (10 vs 11 days, P = .1903), total burn surface area (26.5% vs 28.3%, P = .8313), and hospital charge (median of US$85,561 vs US$139,028, P = .7215). Honey oil burn injuries are associated with similar hospital LOS, similar ICU LOS, similar total burn surface area, and present a costly public health concern. With the recent legalization of marijuana in California, commercial production of honey oil in addition to increasing education about the risks of illicit honey oil production may alleviate associated risks.