bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OS DESAFIOS DOS EXPATRIADOS: O ESTABELECIMENTO DO EX-ESCRAVO WILLIAM DOUGLASS E SUA FAMÍLIA NA LIBÉRIA (1857 - 1866)
Authors: Souza Tainá Elis Santos de 
Published: February 2018

Em 1854, Dr. James Hunter Terrell, dono da fazenda ‘Music Hall’, em Albemarle County, na Virgínia, fez um testamento no qual expressava sua vontade de que seus escravos fossem libertos após sua morte e preferencialmente reassentados na Libéria. Em dezembro de 1856, o Dr. James Hunter Minor, o sobrinho do fazendeiro e executor do seu testamento enviou alguns dos ex-escravos do tio para a Libéria no navio Mary Caroline Stevens. Dentre estes, estava William Douglass, nascido nos Estados Unidos e homônimo do conhecido líder abolicionista. Assim que chegou na Monróvia, em 8 de Fevereiro de 1857, ele começou a se corresponder com Dr. James Hunter Minor relatando as dificuldades e as conquistas feitas no novo lar, bem como solicitou notícias e o envio de alguns bens dos Estados Unidos. Foram encontradas somente as correspondências enviadas por William Douglass no período de 1857 até 1866.
A era das utopias light: o leve como imperativo da condição humana
Authors: Mariano Paloma Volski 
Published: February 2018

Esta resenha tem como objetivo aproximar e fornecer ao leitor uma breve exposição sobre o livro Da leveza: rumo a uma civilização sem peso de Gilles Lipovetsky. A discussão do livro aborda um tema que aparece de modo central no comportamento dos indivíduos contemporâneos e como um dos eixos fundamentais da sociedade de nossos tempos guiada pelo princípio da leveza. Na era hipermoderna, que representa o momento atual, a leveza é um mecanismo de organização social e um princípio que ordena a própria realidade.
Litogeoquímica e geocronologia dos ortognaisses migmatíticos do Domo de Itabaiana, Sergipe: uma suíte do tipo tonalito, trondhjemito e granodiorito?
Authors: Santiago Renato Carlos Vieira , Leal Angela Beatriz de Menezes , Marinho Moacyr Moura , Argollo Roberto Max , Barbosa Johildo Salomão Figueiredo , Rocha Júnior Eduardo Reis Viana 
Published: February 2018

O Domo de Itabaiana encontra-se inserido no Domínio Vaza Barris da Faixa de Dobramentos Sergipana, no Estado de Sergipe. Está representado por um complexo gnáissico-migmatítico, constituído por ortognaisses migmatizados, com intercalações de níveis anfibolíticos. O conjunto foi retrabalhado e soerguido durante o processo de deformação Neoproterozoica dessa faixa. Estudos petrográficos revelam que os ortognaisses são de composição tonalítica a granodiorítica, por vezes com feições desde protomiloníticas a miloníticas. A litogeoquímica evidenciou um caráter sódico nessas rochas, as quais foram analisadas em dois grupos distintos, em relação aos seus padrões em ETR e teores de K2O. Os litotipos com teores de K2O < 2,5% compreendem termos da série cálcio-alcalina de baixo K a cálcio-alcalina normal, enquanto aqueles com teores de K2O ≥ 2,5% compreendem termos posicionados na interface da série cálcio-alcalina normal com a série cálcio-alcalina de alto K. Os dois grupos possuem anomalias negativas de Th-U, Ta-Nb e Ti, além de baixos teores de Y, apresentando um padrão fortemente fracionado, com o enriquecimento em terras raras leves e empobrecimento em terras raras pesadas. Apenas um grupo apresenta anomalia positiva de Sr e concavidade nos espectros dos terras raras pesados, feições também típicas dos TTGs arqueanos. Sugere-se que ambos possuem afinidade com TTGs e que o grupo mais enriquecido em K2O sofreu algum tipo de participação crustal em sua gênese. As análises geocronológicas determinaram uma idade de 2729 ± 12 Ma (LA-ICP-MS), interpretada como idade de cristalização dos ortognaisses.
Mapping hybrid functional-structural connectivity traits in the human connectome
Authors: Amico Enrico , Goñi Joaquín 
Published: February 2018

One of the crucial questions in neuroscience is how a rich functional repertoire of brain states relates to its underlying structural organization. How to study the associations between these structural and functional layers is an open problem that involves novel conceptual ways of tackling this question. We here propose an extension of the Connectivity Independent Component Analysis (connICA) framework to identify joint structural-functional connectivity traits. Here, we extend connICA to integrate structural and functional connectomes by merging them into common “hybrid” connectivity patterns that represent the connectivity fingerprint of a subject. We tested this extended approach on the 100 unrelated subjects from the Human Connectome Project. The method is able to extract main independent structural-functional connectivity patterns from the entire cohort that are sensitive to the realization of different tasks. The hybrid connICA extracts two main task-sensitive hybrid traits. The first trait encompasses the within and between connections of dorsal attentional and visual areas, as well as frontoparietal circuits. The second trait mainly encompasses the connectivity between visual, attentional, default mode network (DMN), and subcortical network. Overall, these findings confirm the potential of the hybrid connICA for the compression of structural/functional connectomes into integrated patterns from a set of individual brain networks.
Effects of Auditory Patterns on Judged Displacements of an Occluded Moving Object
Authors: Chotsrisuparat Chayada , Koning Arno , Jacobs Richard , van Lier Rob 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUsing displays in which a moving disk disappeared behind an occluder, we examined whether an accompanying auditory rhythm influenced the perceived displacement of the disk during occlusion. We manipulated a baseline rhythm, comprising a relatively fast alternation of equal sound and pause durations. We had two different manipulations to create auditory sequences with a slower rhythm: either the pause durations or the sound durations were increased. In the trial, a disk moved at a constant speed, and at a certain point moved behind an occluder during which an auditory rhythm was played. Participants were instructed to track the occluded disk, and judge the expected position of the disk at the moment that the auditory rhythm ended by touching the judged position on a touch screen. We investigated the influence of the auditory rhythm, i.e., ratio of sound to pause duration, and the influence of auditory density, i.e., the number of sound onsets per time unit, on the judged distance. The results showed that the temporal characteristics affected the spatial judgments. Overall, we found that in the current paradigm relatively slow rhythms led to shorter judged distance as compared to relatively fast rhythms for both pause and sound variations. There was no main effect of auditory density on the judged distance of an expected visual event. That is, whereas the speed of the auditory rhythm appears crucial, the number of sound onsets per time unit as such, i.e., the auditory density, appears a much weaker factor.
Recent Atmospheric Variability at Kibo Summit, Kilimanjaro, and Its Relation to Climate Mode Activity
Authors: Collier Emily , Mölg Thomas , Sauter Tobias 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAccurate knowledge of the impact of internal atmospheric variability is required for the detection and attribution of climate change and for interpreting glacier records. However, current knowledge of such impacts in high-mountain regions is largely based on statistical methods, as the observational data required for process-based assessments are often spatially or temporally deficient. Using a case study of Kilimanjaro, 12 years of convection-permitting atmospheric modeling are combined with an 8-yr observational record to evaluate the impact of climate oscillations on recent high-altitude atmospheric variability during the short rains (the secondary rain season in the region). The focus is on two modes that have a well-established relationship with precipitation during this season, El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean zonal mode, and demonstrate their strong association with local and mesoscale conditions at Kilimanjaro. Both oscillations correlate positively with humidity fluctuations, but the association is strongest with the Indian Ocean zonal mode in the air layers near and above the glaciers because of changes in zonal circulation and moisture transport, emphasizing the importance of the moisture signal from this basin. However, the most anomalous conditions are found during co-occurring positive events because of the combined effects of the (i) extended positive sea surface temperature anomalies, (ii) enhanced atmospheric moisture capacity from higher tropospheric temperatures, (iii) most pronounced weakening of the subsiding branch of the Indian Ocean Walker circulation over East Africa, and (iv) stronger monsoonal moisture fluxes upstream from Kilimanjaro. This study lays the foundation for unraveling the contribution of climate modes to observed changes in Kilimanjaro’s glaciers.
Winter 2015/16 Atmospheric and Precipitation Anomalies over North America: El Niño Response and the Role of Noise
Authors: Chen Mingyue , Kumar Arun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe possible causes for the observed winter 2015/16 precipitation anomalies, which were opposite to the mean El Niño signal over the U.S. Southwest, are analyzed based on the ensemble of forecasts from the NCEP Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2). The analysis focuses on the role of anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) forcing and the contributions of atmospheric internal variability. The model-predicted ensemble mean forecast for December–January–February 2015/16 (DJF 2015/16) North American atmospheric anomalies compared favorably with the El Niño composite, although some difference existed. The predicted pattern was also like that in the previous strong El Niño events of 1982/83 and 1997/98. Therefore, the model largely predicted the teleconnection and precipitation response pattern in DJF 2015/16 like the mean El Niño signal. The observed negative precipitation anomalies over the U.S. Southwest in DJF 2015/16 were not consistent either with the observed or with the model-predicted El Niño composite. Analysis of the member-to-member variability in the ensemble of forecast anomalies allowed quantification of the contribution of atmospheric internal variability in shaping seasonal mean anomalies. There were considerable variations in the outcome of DJF 2015/16 precipitation over North America from one forecast to another even though the predicted SSTs were nearly identical. The observed DJF 2015/16 precipitation anomalies were well within the envelope of possible forecast outcomes. Therefore, the atmospheric internal variability could have played a considerable role in determining the observed DJF 2015/16 negative precipitation anomalies over the U.S. Southwest, and its role is discussed in the context of differences in response.
Comparing Forecaster Eye Movements during the Warning Decision Process
Authors: Wilson Katie A. , Heinselman Pamela L. , Kang Ziho 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn eye-tracking experiment was conducted to examine whether differences in forecasters’ eye movements provide further insight into how radar update speed impacts their warning decision process. In doing so, this study also demonstrates the applications of a new research method for observing how National Weather Service forecasters distribute their attention across a radar display and warning interface. In addition to observing forecasters’ eye movements during this experiment, video data and retrospective recalls were collected. These qualitative data were used to provide an explanation for differences observed in forecasters’ eye movements. Eye movement differences were analyzed with respect to fixation measures (i.e., count and duration) and scanpath dimensions (i.e., vector, direction, length, position, and duration). These analyses were completed for four stages of the warning decision process: the first 5 min of the case, 2 min prior to warning decisions, the warning issuance process, and warning updates. While radar update speed did not impact forecasters’ fixation measures during these four stages, comparisons of scanpath dimensions revealed differences in their eye movements. Video footage and retrospective recall data illustrated how forecasters’ interactions with the radar display and warning interface, encounters with technological challenges, and varying approaches to similar tasks resulted in statistically significantly (p value &lt; 0.05) lower scanpath similarity scores. The findings of this study support the combined use of eye-tracking and qualitative research methods for detecting and understanding individual differences in forecasters’ eye movements. Future applications of these methods in operational meteorology research have potential to aid usability studies and improve human–computer interactions for forecasters.
Dual-task training effects on motor and cognitive functional abilities in individuals with stroke: a systematic review
Authors: He Ying , Yang Lei , Zhou Jing , Yao Liqing , Pang Marco Yiu Chung 
Published: February 2018

Objective: This systematic review aimed to examine the effects of dual-task balance and mobility training in people with stroke. Methods: An extensive electronic databases literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, PubMed, EBSCO, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Wiley Online Library. Randomized controlled studies that assessed the effects of dual-task training in stroke patients were included for the review (last search in December 2017). The methodological quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration recommendation, and level of evidence was determined according to the criteria described by the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine. Results: About 13 articles involving 457 participants were included in this systematic review. All had substantial risk of bias and thus provided level IIb evidence only. Dual-task mobility training was found to induce more improvement in single-task walking function (standardized effect size = 0.14–2.24), when compared with single-task mobility training. Its effect on dual-task walking function was not consistent. Cognitive-motor balance training was effective in improving single-task balance function (standardized effect size = 0.27–1.82), but its effect on dual-task balance ability was not studied. The beneficial effect of dual-task training on cognitive function was provided by one study only and thus inconclusive. Conclusion: There is some evidence that dual-task training can improve single-task walking and balance function in individuals with stroke. However, any firm recommendation cannot be made due to the weak methodology of the studies reviewed.
An occupational perspective in hand therapy: A scoping review
Authors: Burley Samantha , Di Tommaso Amelia , Cox Ruth , Molineux Matthew 
Published: February 2018

Introduction There have been calls for the occupational therapy profession to realign with its values around occupation. However, the profession faces challenges in practice areas that have historically been underpinned by a biomechanical approach, such as hand therapy. The aim of this scoping review was to describe what is known about an occupational perspective in the hand therapy literature. Method This scoping review utilised a recognised five-step approach. A search was conducted in four databases for papers published between 2005 and 2016. Numerical and thematic analyses were employed, using the Canadian Practice Process Framework as a theoretical framework. Results Fifty papers were included in the scoping review. Six themes were identified: the centrality of occupation; inconsistencies in terminology; where in the occupational therapy process?; informal discussion as a key occupational strategy; occupational therapists’ expectations of patients; and a bottom-up approach focusing on biomechanical strategies to implementing the plan. Conclusion Whilst there has been some integration of an occupational perspective into hand therapy literature, there are still challenges. Inconsistent terminology, the lack of an occupational perspective throughout the occupational therapy process and a bottom-up approach to interventions all demonstrate the continuing tensions between the biomechanical approach and an occupational perspective.
Evaluation of Epithelial Lining Fluid Concentration of Amikacin in Critically Ill Patients With Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Najmeddin Farhad , Shahrami Bita , Azadbakht Sayna , Dianatkhah Mehrnoush , Rouini Mohammad Reza , Najafi Atabak , Ahmadi Arezoo , Sharifnia Hamidreza , Mojtahedzadeh Mojtaba 
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Classically, aminoglycosides are known to have low penetration into the lung tissue. So far, no study has been conducted on human adult patients to evaluate amikacin concentration in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the alveoli. Therefore, convincing data are not available from the perspective of pharmacokinetics to support the fact that a dosage of 20 mg/kg of amikacin is sufficient to treat patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Method: This was a pilot study of amikacin concentration measurement in the alveolar site of action in critically ill adult patients with VAP who required aminoglycoside therapy. A dose of 20 mg/kg of amikacin was administered over a 30-minute infusion. The serum concentrations of amikacin were evaluated in the first, second, fourth, and sixth hours. However, the ELF concentration of amikacin was evaluated in the second hour with the help of bronchoalveolar lavage sampling technique. Results: A total number of 8 patients was included in the study. The mean (SD) administered dose was 20 (0.9) mg/kg. The mean (SD) peak plasma concentration of amikacin was 59.6 (23) mg/L, with the volume of distribution of 0.36 (0.13)L/kg. The amikacin concentration in ELF was successfully measured in 7 patients (6.3) mg/L. The lung tissue penetration of the drug was described as alveolar percentage, proportional to both the first- and second-hour plasma concentrations, with a mean (SD) of 10.1% (8.4%) and 18% (16.7%), respectively. Conclusion: To our knowledge, the current study is the first that investigates whether standard doses of amikacin may lead to sufficient alveolar concentration of the drug. The results show that administration of amikacin in doses of 20 mg/kg in critically ill patients with VAP may not provide sufficient concentrations in ELF.
Dignity from the nurses’ and older patients’ perspective: A qualitative literature review
Authors: Šaňáková Šárka , Čáp Juraj 
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Dignity is one of the most important values sensitively perceived by patients in nursing care. Older patients have been identified as having a high risk of losing their dignity in institutional care. To promote optimum nursing care, a deeper insight into the problem of older patients’ dignity is needed. Aim: The aim was to identify, analyse and synthesise the qualitative evidence of dignity views and factors affecting it from the nurses’ and older patients’ perspective in the context of nursing care and to compare synthesised finding from the both perspective. Methods: A literature review of qualitative evidence was chosen as a study design. The ENTREQ statement was implemented to enhance transparency. The CASP – Qualitative checklist and the thematic synthesis for synthesised findings were used. The electronic databases Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, MEDLINE and PROQUEST were used to gather information for qualitative studies. Results: A total of 306 papers were retrieved. Fourteen qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review after methodological quality assessment using CASP. Four main themes of dignity from nurses’ perspective were synthesised: seeing the patient as a unique person, communication and privacy, involving the patient, and working culture and environment. From the patients’ perspective, six main themes were synthesised: autonomy and control, privacy, relationships, care and comfort, communication and identity. The comparison shows that the key difference is that older patients highlighted the theme relationships and nurses underlined the theme working culture and environment. Conclusion: The model structures of the older patients’ dignity from both the nurses’ and patients’ perspectives support the idea of a multidimensional structure of human dignity. The resulting model might be used in a nursing self-reflection, in the management of the institutions providing all-day care for the older people and in the education and practice.
Reliability and validity of the Alcohol Marketing Assessment Rating Tool (AMART)
Authors: Noel Jonathan K. , Babor Thomas F. , Robaina Katherine 
Published: February 2018

Objective: Current national responses to the monitoring and prevention of alcohol marketing to vulnerable populations, such as youth, typically rely on partial bans, co-regulation and industry self-regulation. Efforts to evaluate compliance with existing regulations are often cumbersome and resource intensive. We sought to develop a short questionnaire to assess compliance of alcohol advertising to existing alcohol industry self-regulated marketing codes. Methods: Questions for the Alcohol Marketing Assessment Rating Tool (AMART) were taken from a longer rating instrument that was originally developed to detect violations of a self-regulated alcohol marketing code. Secondary analysis of data from three studies of alcohol advertisements was performed to determine the reliability and validity of AMART at detecting code violations, using the longer form as the criterion. One sample was used as an exploratory set. Two samples were used to validate the questionnaire. Results: In the exploratory set, the reliability of AMART was considered near perfect (kappa = 0.92). Sensitivity was 97%, and specificity was 100%. Positive predictive value (PPV) was perfect and negative predictive value (NPV) was approximately 90%. In the validation sets, reliability was considered substantial to near perfect (kappa = 0.71–0.94). Specificity and PPV remained perfect, and NPV was 86%–90%. Conclusion: The AMART is a reliable tool to detect violations of a self-regulated marketing code in alcohol advertising. It significantly decreases the amount of resources needed to evaluate a finite number of advertisements.
Is proximity to alcohol outlets associated with alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm in Denmark?
Authors: Seid Abdu K. , Berg-Beckhoff Gabriele , Stock Christiane , Bloomfield Kim 
Published: February 2018

Background: This study examined the associations between distance from residence to the nearest alcohol outlet with alcohol consumption as well as with alcohol-related harm. Methods: Data on alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harm and sociodemographics were obtained from the 2011 Danish Drug and Alcohol Survey ( n = 5133) with respondents aged 15–79 years. The information on distances from residence to the nearest alcohol outlets was obtained from Statistics Denmark. Multiple logistic and linear regressions were used to examine the association between distances to outlets and alcohol consumption whereas alcohol-related harm was analysed using negative binomial regression. Results: Among women it was found that those living closer to alcohol outlets were more likely to report alcohol-related harm ( p < 0.05). This was not true for men. No association was found between distances to outlets and alcohol consumption (volume of drinking and risky single occasion drinking). Conclusions: This study found some support for an association between closer distances between place of residence and alcohol outlets and alcohol-related harm for women. Future studies in the Nordic region should continue to examine the association between physical alcohol availability (nearest distance to an outlet and outlet densities) and alcohol consumption as well as alcohol-related problems using different outlet types.