bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast-Track Management in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Dexmedetomidine Provides Rapid Extubation and Effective Pain Modulation
Authors: Zientara Alicja , Mariotti Sergio , Matter-Ensner Sonja , Seifert Burkhardt , Graves Kirk , Dzemali Omer , Genoni Michele 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective α-2 agonist with many desirable effects including analgesia, improvement of hemodynamic stability, and potential myocardial and renal protection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DEX on patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting with regard to less pain medication, earlier extubation, faster transfer to normal ward, and cardiac protection.
Patients and Methods From January 2012 to March 2015, 464 patients receiving OPCAB were included for retrospective analysis. After propensity matching (1:1), two groups (DEX vs. propofol, n = 129) could be compared. Continuous and categorical variables were reported as mean ± standard deviation or percentages, and compared with the chi-square test and the Mann–Whitney's test, respectively.
Results In the DEX group, less use of pain medication in the initial phase at intensive care unit was observed. During the first 2 hours, DEX patients received more nicomorphine (DEX 8 ± 3.2 mg vs. propofol 6 ± 4 mg, p < 0.001), while in the following 2 hours, the pain medication was significantly reduced (DEX 3.2 ± 2.8 mg vs. propofol 4.7 ± 3.3 mg, p < 0.001). Remifentanil was stopped considerably earlier (DEX 238 ± 209 minutes vs. propofol 353 ± 266 minutes, p < 0.001). DEX led to earlier extubation (DEX 208 ± 106 minutes vs. propofol 307 ± 230 minutes, p < 0.001) and less postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) (p = 0.01).
Conclusion Early postoperative DEX application supports the fast-track strategy in patients after OPCAB through enabling rapid extubation, effective pain control, and reduced occurrence of new-onset AF. We are confident to give precedence to DEX over propofol as the new routine medication during postoperative patient transfer.
Microsurgical Management of Trigeminal Schwannoma: Cohort Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Neves Maick Willen Fernandes , de Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires , Belsuzarri Telmo Augusto Barba , de Araujo André Monteiro Soares , Paganelli Samantha Lorena , Maldaun Marcos Vinicius Calfat 
Published: August 2018

Background Trigeminal schwannomas are benign tumors with a predilection for women between 40 and 60 years of age and account for less than 0.5% of all intracranial tumors. Clinical presentation depends on size and location, and typical symptoms are ipsilateral hypesthesia, headache, and facial pain. Clinical features and imaging usually make the Diagnosis.
Methods A retrospective cohort analysis of 14 patients treated at our institution between January 1999 and October 2016 was performed, with a critical and systematic review of data from the literature, focusing on articles published over the same period.
Results Fourteen patients were included in our series comprised of mostly women with a mean age of 40 years. Lesion size ranged from 3 to 6.5 cm (mean 4.6 cm). Clinical status of patients was evaluated and also rated based on the Karnofsky Perfomance Scale with values greater than 90% found in all patients pre and postoperatively. Surgery was our treatment of choice, and gross total resection was achieved in 71% of patients. Associated morbidity was high at 57%, predominantly from cranial nerve palsy, and no deaths were encountered.
Conclusions Microsurgery is a suitable treatment for large symptomatic trigeminal schwannomas, achieving good local control rates over the observation period at acceptable morbidity. Therefore, microsurgery appears to a suitable option. During the study period, a significant evolution in the availability of treatment methods occurred. Radiosurgery emerged as an alternative treatment for unresectable lesions. A comprehensive review of the available literature was performed, and results were compared according to treatment modality.
Fragmento dorso-ulnar en fracturas de radio distal: clasificación y manejo
Authors: Sanhueza Miguel , Azócar Camila , Lecaros Juan , Diaz Cristián , Cifras José 
Published: August 2018

Introducción El fragmento dorso-ulnar (FDU) en la fractura intraarticular de radio distal es de especial importancia puesto que implica una alteración en la articulación radio-carpiana así como también en la articulación radio-ulnar distal (RUD), donde la incongruencia articular permanente puede generar secuelas a largo plazo.
Objetivo Proponer una clasificación del FDU, definiendo cuándo realizar el procedimiento quirúrgico con asistencia artroscópica, basado en una serie consecutiva de casos operados de fractura del radio distal estudiados con tomografía computada (TC).
Método Estudio descriptivo de una serie de casos de pacientes operados por fractura del radio distal entre enero del 2015 y diciembre del 2016. En base a eso, se elabora una clasificación del FDU y se sugiere un esquema de manejo específico.Se describe el FDU como aquel fragmento específico ubicado en la esquina dorso-ulnar de la carilla articular del radio distal, con compromiso de más del 30% de la superficie articular RUD y más de 5mm desde el borde ulnar hacia radial de la cortical dorsal del radio observado en el corte axial de la TC preoperatoria. Se considera un fragmento mayor (FM) cuando el rasgo de fractura compromete hacia radial hasta el tubérculo de Lister y se considera fragmento menor (Fm) cuando el rasgo no alcanza a comprometer el tubérculo de Lister. Nuestra propuesta de clasificación reconoce 4 tipos: tipo I (FM sin desplazamiento, en fracturas tipo C de la AO); tipo II (FM con desplazamiento, en fracturas tipo C de la AO); tipo III (Fm independiente del desplazamiento, en fracturas tipo C de la AO) y tipo IV (FM/Fm con desplazamiento, en fracturas tipo B2 de la AO). Esquema de manejo: Tipo I síntesis con placa bloqueada por abordaje palmar, sin obligación de asistencia artroscópica. Tipo II síntesis con placa bloqueada por abordaje palmar, con asistencia artroscópica requerida. Tipo III síntesis percutánea dorsal contornillo canulado, bajo asistencia artroscópica. Tipo IV síntesis dorsal con placa o tornillo mediante abordaje dorsal bajo visión directa o con asistencia artroscópica, usando portales artroscópicos volares.
Resultados Se operaron 488 fracturas de radio distal durante el período mencionado; 375 fracturas clasificadas como tipo C de la AO. Del total operadas, solo 392 fracturas contaban con TC peroperatoria, que permitía evaluar la presencia del FDU, el cual estuvo presente en 127/392 de los casos (32,4%). Analizados por grupo, 38 casos presentaban fragmentos tipo I, 22 tipo II, 69 tipo III y 7 tipo IV.
Discusión El FDU se presentó en un 32,4% de los casos evaluables por TC en nuestra serie. El manejo dirigido de este fragmento con asistencia artroscópica permitió una reducción anatómica con fijación estable específica de éste.
Conclusión Proponemos una nueva clasificación del FDU basada en la TC preoperatoria que permite realizar un adecuado plan prequirurgico y abordar este fragmento de manera específica sugiriendo cuando utilizar asistencia artroscópica.
Young and unafraid: queer criminology’s unbounded potential
Authors: Panfil Vanessa R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractQueer criminology, a fairly young subfield, deals with matters of import for sexual and gender minorities, particularly LGBTQ+ populations. Areas of interest include reducing invisibility and inequity, though these pursuits can sometimes be accompanied with potential pitfalls or unintended consequences. This article provides an overview of the goals and considerations of queer criminology, while focusing on how to cultivate queer criminology’s unbounded potential to help address pressing social problems. Several global issues of immediate concern for LGBTQ+ people are identified, such as criminalization and devaluation of their lives, which has resulted in their detainment and torture, persecution when they organize for their rights, overrepresentation in criminal justice settings, and even fatal violence. Included alongside these issues are strategies to produce meaningful work during what seems to be a time of imminent crisis. The author provides strong encouragement to fiercely pursue projects that can improve our understanding, and, ultimately, the lives of LGBTQ+ people.
Conformational changes in Arp2/3 complex induced by ATP, WASp-VCA, and actin filaments
Authors: Espinoza-Sanchez Sofia , Metskas Lauren Ann , Chou Steven Z. , Rhoades Elizabeth , Pollard Thomas D. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Arp2/3 complex consists of actin-related proteins 2 and 3 with five other subunits. It forms actin filament branches under the regulation of ATP, actin monomers, actin filaments, and a nucleation-promoting factor (NPF). Here we used fluorescence spectroscopy and EM to characterize conformational changes in Arp2/3 complex along the pathway of actin filament branch formation. ATP binding to Arp2/3 complex causes small local changes in Arp2 and Arp3. NPF binding causes a larger conformational change that moves Arp2 closer to Arp3 and favors binding to the side of an actin filament, which allows further rearrangement of the subunits in the complex and growth of the new branch.
Neurobehavioral correlates of obesity are largely heritable
Authors: Vainik Uku , Baker Travis E. , Dadar Mahsa , Zeighami Yashar , Michaud Andréanne , Zhang Yu , García Alanis José C. , Misic Bratislav , Collins D. Louis , Dagher Alain 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Obesity is a widespread heritable health condition. Evidence from psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and genetics has proposed links between obesity and the brain. The current study tested whether the heritable variance in body mass index (BMI) is explained by brain and behavioral factors in a large brain imaging cohort that included multiple related individuals. We found that the heritable variance in BMI had genetic correlations 0.25–0.45 with cognitive tests, cortical thickness, and regional brain volume. In particular, BMI was associated with frontal lobe asymmetry and differences in temporal-parietal perceptual systems. Further, we found genetic overlap between certain brain and behavioral factors. In summary, the genetic vulnerability to BMI is expressed in the brain. This may inform intervention strategies.
Forecast accuracy hardly improves with method complexity when completing cohort fertility
Authors: Bohk-Ewald Christina , Li Peng , Myrskylä Mikko 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Information on cohort fertility is critical for the understanding of population dynamics, but only in historical settings can it be calculated without forecasting. Several forecasting methods exist, but their strengths and weaknesses have not been evaluated. Relying on the Human Fertility Database, the largest high-quality fertility dataset to date, and the globally representative United Nations World Population Prospects, we present an assessment of all major methods that complete cohort fertility. This analysis is crucial to advance the understanding of benefits and drawbacks of state-of-the-art methods. We analyze forecast accuracy and uncertainty quantification, identify methodological breakthroughs, and uncover unresolved issues. This study constitutes an evaluation benchmark for cohort fertility forecasting and may inspire establishment of similar evaluation benchmarks in related fields.
Architecture of cell–cell adhesion mediated by sidekicks
Authors: Tang Hua , Chang Haishuang , Dong Yue , Guo Luqiang , Shi Xiangyi , Wu Yichun , Huang Ying , He Yongning 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Cell adhesion is important for the survival of living organisms and is mediated by the adhesion molecules that bridge the membranes of adjacent cells. Cell adhesion molecules usually have long flexible ectodomains, and their structures have been studied extensively in the past decades. However, due to technical limitations, how these long molecules are assembled between membranes and what are the mechanisms of forming cell adhesion interfaces have not been well understood. Here, we combine electron microscopy with other biophysical methods to investigate the structure of cell–cell adhesion mediated by Sdk molecules and generate three-dimensional views of the adhesion interfaces in situ, thus revealing the architecture and the potential mechanism of Sdk-mediated cell adhesion at molecular level.
Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization
Authors: Bail Christopher A. , Argyle Lisa P. , Brown Taylor W. , Bumpus John P. , Chen Haohan , Hunzaker M. B. Fallin , Lee Jaemin , Mann Marcus , Merhout Friedolin , Volfovsky Alexander 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Social media sites are often blamed for exacerbating political polarization by creating “echo chambers” that prevent people from being exposed to information that contradicts their preexisting beliefs. We conducted a field experiment that offered a large group of Democrats and Republicans financial compensation to follow bots that retweeted messages by elected officials and opinion leaders with opposing political views. Republican participants expressed substantially more conservative views after following a liberal Twitter bot, whereas Democrats’ attitudes became slightly more liberal after following a conservative Twitter bot—although this effect was not statistically significant. Despite several limitations, this study has important implications for the emerging field of computational social science and ongoing efforts to reduce political polarization online.
Rapid growth of organic aerosol nanoparticles over a wide tropospheric temperature range
Authors: Stolzenburg Dominik , Fischer Lukas , Vogel Alexander L. , Heinritzi Martin , Schervish Meredith , Simon Mario , Wagner Andrea C. , Dada Lubna , Ahonen Lauri R. , Amorim Antonio , Baccarini Andrea , Bauer Paulus S. , Baumgartner Bernhard , Bergen Anton , Bianchi Federico , Breitenlechner Martin , Brilke Sophia , Buenrostro Mazon Stephany , Chen Dexian , Dias António , Draper Danielle C. , Duplissy Jonathan , El Haddad Imad , Finkenzeller Henning , Frege Carla , Fuchs Claudia , Garmash Olga , Gordon Hamish , He Xucheng , Helm Johanna , Hofbauer Victoria , Hoyle Christopher R. , Kim Changhyuk , Kirkby Jasper , Kontkanen Jenni , Kürten Andreas , Lampilahti Janne , Lawler Michael , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Leiminger Markus , Mai Huajun , Mathot Serge , Mentler Bernhard , Molteni Ugo , Nie Wei , Nieminen Tuomo , Nowak John B. , Ojdanic Andrea , Onnela Antti , Passananti Monica , Petäjä Tuukka , Quéléver Lauriane L. J. , Rissanen Matti P. , Sarnela Nina , Schallhart Simon , Tauber Christian , Tomé António , Wagner Robert , Wang Mingyi , Weitz Lena , Wimmer Daniela , Xiao Mao , Yan Chao , Ye Penglin , Zha Qiaozhi , Baltensperger Urs , Curtius Joachim , Dommen Josef , Flagan Richard C. , Kulmala Markku , Smith James N. , Worsnop Douglas R. , Hansel Armin , Donahue Neil M. , Winkler Paul M. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Aerosol particles can form and grow by gas-to-particle conversion and eventually act as seeds for cloud droplets, influencing global climate. Volatile organic compounds emitted from plants are oxidized in the atmosphere, and the resulting products drive particle growth. We measure particle growth by oxidized biogenic vapors with a well-controlled laboratory setup over a wide range of tropospheric temperatures. While higher temperatures lead to increased reaction rates and concentrations of highly oxidized molecules, lower temperatures allow additional, but less oxidized, species to condense. We measure rapid growth over the full temperature range of our study, indicating that organics play an important role in aerosol growth throughout the troposphere. Our finding will help to sharpen the predictions of global aerosol models.
Molecular strategy for blocking isopeptide bond formation in nascent pilin proteins
Authors: Rivas-Pardo Jaime Andrés , Badilla Carmen L. , Tapia-Rojo Rafael , Alonso-Caballero Álvaro , Fernández Julio M. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
At the onset of an infection, gram-positive bacteria adhere to host cells through their pili, filamentous structures built by hundreds of repeats of pilin proteins. These proteins can withstand large mechanical challenges without unfolding, remaining anchored to the host and resisting cleavage by proteases and oxygen radicals present in the targeted tissues. The key structural component that gives pilins mechanical resilience are internal isopeptide bonds, strategically placed so that pilins become inextensible structures. We target this bond by designing a blocking peptide that interferes with its formation during folding. We demonstrate that peptide-modified pilins lack mechanical stability and extend at low forces. We propose this strategy as a rational design of mechanical antibiotics, targeting the Achilles heel of bacterial adhesion.
Physical foundations of biological complexity
Authors: Wolf Yuri I. , Katsnelson Mikhail I. , Koonin Eugene V. 
Published: August 2018

SignificanceLiving organisms are characterized by a degree of hierarchical complexity that appears to be inaccessible to even the most complex inanimate objects. Routes and patterns of the evolution of complexity are poorly understood. We propose a general conceptual framework for emergence of complexity through competing interactions and frustrated states similar to those that yield patterns in striped glasses and cause self-organized criticality. We show that biological evolution is replete with competing interactions and frustration that, in particular, drive major transitions in evolution. The key distinction between biological and nonbiological systems seems to be the existence of long-term digital memory and phenotype-to-genotype feedback in living matter.
BRAF/MAPK and GSK3 signaling converges to control MITF nuclear export
Authors: Ngeow Kao Chin , Friedrichsen Hans J. , Li Linxin , Zeng Zhiqiang , Andrews Sarah , Volpon Laurent , Brunsdon Hannah , Berridge Georgina , Picaud Sarah , Fischer Roman , Lisle Richard , Knapp Stefan , Filippakopoulos Panagis , Knowles Helen , Steingrímsson Eiríkur , Borden Katherine L. B. , Patton E. Elizabeth , Goding Colin R. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Signaling pathways ultimately exert their influence on cell behavior by regulating the activity of transcription factors that drive gene expression programs associated with specific cell phenotypes. How transcription factors integrate the outputs from multiple independent signaling events to coordinate cell behavior is a key issue. Here, we identify a regulated nuclear export signal in the lineage survival oncogene and cell fate-determining factor MITF. The regulated export signal integrates the outputs from the MAPK signaling pathway with those regulating GSK3 that play key roles in development and disease. The regulation of MITF nuclear export provides a means by which these key signaling pathways tune MITF activity that, in turn, controls cell identity in development and disease.
Circular DNA tumor viruses make circular RNAs
Authors: Toptan Tuna , Abere Bizunesh , Nalesnik Michael A. , Swerdlow Steven H. , Ranganathan Sarangarajan , Lee Nara , Shair Kathy H. , Moore Patrick S. , Chang Yuan 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical physiologic functions, but it is not known whether human DNA viruses express circRNAs. We surveyed Epstein−Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) tumors and cell lines, and found specific circRNAs expressed from both viruses. EBV circular BamHI A rightward transcripts (circBARTs) were expressed in all EBV tumor latency forms, including all EBV-infected posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease tumors tested, whereas EBV circBHLF1 and circLMP2 were more variably expressed. KSHV expressed circvIRF4 constitutively in primary effusion lymphoma cell lines, while the polyadenylated nuclear locus promiscuously generated variable, inducible, and bidirectional circRNAs. Tumor virus circRNAs can be long-lived, unique tumor biomarkers that may also open new research opportunities into understanding how these viruses cause cancer.
Protease target prediction via matrix factorization
Authors: Marini Simone , Vitali Francesca , Rampazzi Sara , Demartini Andrea , Akutsu Tatsuya 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Protein cleavage is an important cellular event, involved in a myriad of processes, from apoptosis to immune response. Bioinformatics provides in silico tools, such as machine learning-based models, to guide the discovery of targets for the proteases responsible for protein cleavage. State-of-the-art models have a scope limited to specific protease families (such as Caspases), and do not explicitly include biological or medical knowledge (such as the hierarchical protein domain similarity or gene–gene interactions). To fill this gap, we present a novel approach for protease target prediction based on data integration.

Results
By representing protease-protein target information in the form of relational matrices, we design a model (i) that is general and not limited to a single protease family, and (b) leverages on the available knowledge, managing extremely sparse data from heterogeneous data sources, including primary sequence, pathways, domains and interactions. When compared with other algorithms on test data, our approach provides a better performance even for models specifically focusing on a single protease family.

Availability and implementation
https://gitlab.com/smarini/MaDDA/ (Matlab code and utilized data.)

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Efficacy of an Allometric Miltefosine Regimen for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Eastern African Children: An Open-label, Phase II Clinical Trial
Authors: Mbui Jane , Olobo Joseph , Omollo Raymond , Solomos Alexandra , Kip Anke E , Kirigi George , Sagaki Patrick , Kimutai Robert , Were Lilian , Omollo Truphosa , Egondi Thaddaeus W , Wasunna Monique , Alvar Jorge , Dorlo Thomas P C , Alves Fabiana 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Convenient, safe, and effective treatments for visceral leishmaniasis in Eastern African children are lacking. Miltefosine, the only oral treatment, failed to achieve adequate efficacy, particularly in children, in whom linear dosing (2.5 mg/kg/day for 28 days) resulted in a 59% cure rate, with lower systemic exposure than in adults.

Methods
We conducted a Phase II trial in 30 children with visceral leishmaniasis, aged 4–12 years, to test whether 28 days of allometric miltefosine dosing safely achieves a higher systemic exposure than linear dosing.

Results
Miltefosine accumulated during treatment. Median areas under the concentration time curve from days 0–210 and plasma maximum concentration values were slightly higher than those reported previously for children on linear dosing, but not dose-proportionally. Miltefosine exposure at the start of treatment was increased, with higher median plasma concentrations on day 7 (5.88 versus 2.67 μg/mL). Concentration-time curves were less variable, avoiding the low levels of exposure observed with linear dosing. The 210-day cure rate was 90% (95% confidence interval, 73–98%), similar to that previously described in adults. There were 19 treatment-related adverse events (AEs), but none caused treatment discontinuation. There were 2 serious AEs: both were unrelated to treatment and both patients were fully recovered.

Conclusions
Allometric miltefosine dosing achieved increased and less-variable exposure than linear dosing, though not reaching the expected exposure levels. The new dosing regimen safely increased the efficacy of miltefosine for Eastern African children with visceral leishmaniasis. Further development of miltefosine should adopt allometric dosing in pediatric patients.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02431143.