bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-scale Maps of the Cosmic Infrared Background from Planck
Authors: Lenz Daniel , Doré Olivier , Lagache Guilaine 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The cosmic infrared background (CIB) is a powerful probe of large-scale structure across a very large redshift range, and consists of unresolved redshifted infrared emission from dusty galaxies. It can be used to study the astrophysics of galaxies, the star formation history of the universe, and the connection between dark and luminous matter. It can furthermore be used as a tracer of the large-scale structure and thus assist in de-lensing of the cosmic microwave background. The major difficulty in its use lies in obtaining accurate and unbiased large-scale CIB images that are cleaned of the contamination by Galactic dust. We used data on neutral atomic hydrogen from the recently released HI4PI Survey to create template maps of Galactic dust, allowing us to remove this component from the Planck intensity maps from 353 to 857 GHz for approximately 25% of the sky. This allows us to constrain the CIB power spectrum down to ℓ ≳ 70. We present these CIB maps and the various processing and validation steps that we have performed to ensure their quality, as well as a comparison with previous studies. All our data products are made publicly available,4 thereby enabling the community to investigate a wide range of questions related to the universe’s large-scale structure.
Correlation of Long-term Cosmic-Ray Modulation with Solar Activity Parameters
Authors: Caballero-Lopez R. A. , Engelbrecht N. E. , Richardson J. D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this work, we analyze the long-term cosmic-ray modulation observed by the Hermanus neutron monitor, which is the detector with the longest cosmic-ray record, from 1957 July. For our study we use the force-field approximation to the cosmic-ray transport equation, and the newest results on the mean free paths from the scattering theory. We compare the modulation parameter (ϕ) with different rigidity (P) dependences: P, P
2, and P
2/3. We correlate them with solar and interplanetary parameters. We found that (1) these rigidity dependences properly describe the modulation, (2) long-term cosmic-ray variations are better correlated with the magnitude of the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) than the sunspot number, solar wind speed, and tilt angle of the HMF, and (3) the theoretical dependence of the parallel mean free path on the magnetic field variance is in agreement with the modulation parameter and therefore with the neutron monitor record. We also found that the force-field approximation is not able to take into account the effects of three-dimensional particle transport, showing a poor correlation with the perpendicular mean free path.
The Radial Distribution of Dust Particles in the HL Tau Disk from ALMA and VLA Observations
Authors: Carrasco-González Carlos , Sierra Anibal , Flock Mario , Zhu Zhaohuan , Henning Thomas , Chandler Claire , Galván-Madrid Roberto , Macías Enrique , Anglada Guillem , Linz Hendrik , Osorio Mayra , Rodríguez Luis F. , Testi Leonardo , Torrelles José M. , Pérez Laura , Liu Yao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Understanding planet formation requires one to discern how dust grows in protoplanetary disks. An important parameter to measure in disks is the maximum dust grain size present. This is usually estimated through measurements of the dust opacity at different millimeter wavelengths assuming optically thin emission and dust opacity dominated by absorption. However, Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations have shown that these assumptions might not be correct in the case of protoplanetary disks, leading to overestimation of particle sizes and to underestimation of the disk’s mass. Here, we present an analysis of high-quality ALMA and Very Large Array images of the HL Tau protoplanetary disk, covering a wide range of wavelengths, from 0.8 mm to 1 cm, and with a physical resolution of ∼7.35 au. We describe a procedure to analyze a set of millimeter images without any assumption about the optical depth of the emission, and including the effects of absorption and scattering in the dust opacity. This procedure allows us to obtain the dust temperature, the dust surface density, and the maximum particle size at each radius. In the HL Tau disk, we found that particles have already grown to a few millimeters in size. We detect differences in the dust properties between dark and bright rings, with dark rings containing low dust density and small dust particles. Different features in the HL Tau disk seem to have different origins. Planet–disk interactions can explain substructure in the external half of the disk, but the internal rings seem to be associated with the presence of snow lines of several molecules.
Effects of Anisotropic Viscosity on the Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei Bubbles in Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Kingsland Matthew , Yang H.-Y. Karen , Reynolds Christopher S. , Zuhone John A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The interaction between jets from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and the intracluster medium (ICM) provides key constraints on the feeding and feedback of supermassive black holes. Much understanding about AGN feedback is gained from purely hydrodynamic models; however, whether such an approximation is adequate for the magnetized, weakly collisional ICM needs to be critically examined. For example, AGN-blown bubbles in hydrodynamic simulations are easily disrupted by fluid instabilities, making it difficult to explain the coherence of observed bubbles such as the northwest ghost bubble in Perseus. In order to investigate whether magnetic tension and viscosity in realistic conditions could preserve the bubble integrity, we performed the first Braginskii-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of jet-inflated bubbles in a medium with tangled magnetic field. We find that magnetic tension alone is insufficient to prevent bubble deformation due to large velocity shear at early stage of the evolution. Although unsuppressed anisotropic viscosity in tangled magnetic field can have similar effects as isotropic viscosity, when the pressure anisotropy is bounded by microscopic plasma instabilities, the level of viscosity is substantially limited, thereby failing to prevent bubble deformation as in the inviscid case. Our results suggest that Braginskii viscosity is unlikely to be the primary mechanism for suppressing the fluid instabilities for AGN bubbles, and it remains a challenging task to reproduce smooth and coherent bubbles as observed. Because the dynamical influence and heating of the ICM critically depend on the bubble morphology, our study highlights the fundamental role of “microphysics” on the macroscopic properties of AGN feedback processes.
Partial Stellar Disruption by a Supermassive Black Hole: Is the Light Curve Really Proportional to t−9/4?
Authors: Coughlin Eric R. , Nixon C. J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The tidal disruption of a star by a supermassive black hole, and the subsequent accretion of the disrupted debris by that black hole, offers a direct means to study the inner regions of otherwise-quiescent galaxies. These tidal disruption events (TDEs) are being discovered at an ever-increasing rate. We present a model for the evolution of the tidally disrupted debris from a partial TDE, in which a stellar core survives the initial tidal encounter and continues to exert a gravitational influence on the expanding stream of tidally stripped debris. We use this model to show that the asymptotic fallback rate of material to the black hole in a partial TDE scales as ∝ t
−2.26±0.01, and is effectively independent of the mass of the core that survives the encounter; we also estimate the rate at which TDEs approach this asymptotic scaling as a function of the core mass. These findings suggest that the late-time accretion rate onto a black hole from a TDE either declines as t
−5/3 if the star is completely disrupted or t
−9/4 if a core is left behind. We emphasize that previous investigations have not recovered this result due to the assumption of a Keplerian energy–period relationship for the debris orbits, which is no longer valid when a surviving core generates a time-dependent, gravitational potential. This dichotomy of fallback rates has important implications for the characteristic signatures of TDEs in the current era of wide-field surveys.
Baleines et Route des Baleines : patrimonialisation et territoire dans le sud-ouest de l’océan Indien
Authors: Saisho Moeha , Sandron Frédéric 
Published: September 2019

Résumé Si les processus de patrimonialisation des espèces animales ou des territoires commencent à être bien décrits à travers de nombreuses études, il est moins courant de s’intéresser à l’impact de la patrimonialisation d’une espèce sur celle du territoire qui l’abrite. Dans le cas du whale watching (observation des baleines), l’objet de cet article est justement de traiter cette question dans le sud-ouest de l’océan Indien à travers la présentation de trois expériences de mise en patrimoine de sites naturels fréquentés par les baleines. À travers une analyse bibliographique, des documents officiels institutionnels et une recherche originale menée à Madagascar, il est montré que la construction d’une identité patrimoniale autour de la création d’une « Route des Baleines » depuis 2013 dans le sud-ouest de l’océan Indien se heurte à la fois à une imprécision territoriale de cette appellation et à une non-congruence des logiques d’acteurs, à la fois pour des raisons territoriales et identitaires.
Montes, tierras libres y baldíos : (re)définir les terres appropriables dans les périphéries de Carthagène (Colombie) après la Constitution de 1991
Authors: Arango Luisa 
Published: September 2019

Résumé En 1991, la Colombie adopte une Constitution qui reconnaît les minorités ethniques et, dans le cas des « communautés noires », s’engage à leur attribuer les titres de propriété de terres collectives. Si le lien entre « territoires ancestraux » et identité « afro-colombienne » est rapidement incorporé dans certaines régions, il ne sera mobilisé que vingt ans plus tard à Carthagène et ses environs. Dans ce contexte, je m’intéresse à des pratiques d’occupation, d’exploitation, de mesure, de clôture et d’enregistrement des terres impliquant des acteurs divers (populations locales, touristes, administrateurs). En prêtant attention aux catégories identitaires qui surgissent dans ces pratiques et aux définitions des terres appropriables, il est possible de suggérer que la pluralité de désignations d’un même territoire génère des espaces de négociation du foncier qui sont redéfinis, voire réduits, avec l’ethnicisation de l’accès aux terres véhiculée par la Constitution de 1991.
Such Goodhearted People: Dioramas in the Nubia Museum of Aswan
Authors: Parrs Alexandra 
Published: September 2019

Cet article est basé sur une analyse des dioramas de la section ethnographique du musée de la Nubie d’Assouan, en Égypte. Projet sponsorisé par l’Unesco, le musée a été inauguré en 1997. Il a été créé après la submersion de la région de Nubie par les eaux, à la suite de la construction du barrage hydroélectrique d’Assouan, dans les années soixante. J’examine certaines des caractéristiques des dioramas (dispositif de présentation d’une scène avec des modèles de taille réelle) : essentialisation, racialisation, allochronisme. Au-delà des problèmes potentiels posés par l’utilisation des dioramas comme stratégie muséale, je m’intéresse à l’impact que ces dioramas peuvent avoir sur la communauté nubienne et sur son positionnement en relation à l’identité égyptienne.
Patrimoines et musées en Turquie, nouveaux territoires de luttes politiques et identitaires
Authors: Boucly Julien 
Published: September 2019

Résumé Dans trois villes de la région kurde, au sud-est de la Turquie (Diyarbakır, Şanlıurfa et Mardin), depuis les années 2000, les activités patrimoniales et muséales se développent de manière frénétique. Le réaménagement des musées nationaux et la création de nouveaux musées dits « de la ville » accompagnent les fouilles archéologiques, les restaurations et les stratégies concurrentielles du tourisme. Plutôt que de définir une identité régionale, ces musées singularisent des territoires et des identités urbaines locales. À travers l’étude de six musées (trois musées archéologiques et trois musées de la ville), cet article propose de comprendre les processus de construction territoriale par l’action patrimoniale en analysant les configurations relationnelles locales entre institutions étatiques, autorités municipales et organisations civiles.
Predisposing Factors, Ophthalmic Manifestations, and Radiological Findings in Children With Cerebral Visual Impairment
Authors: Ganesh Suma , Khurana Rolli , Sharma Sonia , Rath Soveeta 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To describe predisposing factors, ophthalmic manifestations, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in children with cerebral visual impairment.

Methods:
A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patients younger than 16 years with neuroradiological and clinical evidence of retrogeniculate visual pathway pathology was performed. Detailed histories, ophthalmic examinations, and MRI findings were compiled and analyzed.

Results:
Of the 88 cases included in the study, the median age was 32 months (range: 1 to 180 months). Ante-natal history and preterm delivery was positive in 25.0% and 37.5% of patients, respectively. A simple myopic astigmatism was the most common refractive error. Accommodative anomalies were noted in 6 children.

Conclusions:
The demographic trends found in the study were similar to those of developed nations, but the frequency of the predisposing factors varied. A comprehensive knowledge of cerebral visual impairment in the developing world can aid an earlier diagnosis, appropriate management, and the development of better rehabilitation teams.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56(5):313–318.]
Coats Disease: Clinical Features and Outcomes by Age Category in 351 Cases
Authors: Dalvin Lauren A. , Udyaver Sanika , Lim Li-Anne S. , Mazloumi Mehdi , Atalay Hatice T. , Khoo Chloe T. L. , Shields Carol L. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To investigate features and outcomes of Coats disease by patient age.

Methods:
Patients with Coats disease from 1973 to 2018 were evaluated based on age category at presentation (3 years or younger vs older than 3 to 10 years vs older than 10 years).

Results:

There were 351 eyes of 351 patients with Coats disease diagnosed (2 vs 6 vs 27 years,
P
< .001). The youngest age group had more referral diagnoses of retinoblastoma (29% vs 15% vs 0%,
P
< .001), worse presenting visual acuity (< 20/200: 80% vs 67% vs 31%,
P
< .001), more advanced Coats disease stage (stage 3B: 65% vs 38% vs 10%,
P
< .001), and greater clock-hour extent of telangiectasia (7 vs 5 vs 4,
P
< .001), light bulb aneurysms (7 vs 4 vs 3,
P
< .001), exudation (10 vs 7 vs 5,
P
< .001), and subretinal fluid (10 vs 7 vs 4,
P
< .001). The oldest patients received a greater total number of treatments (3.3 vs 3.1 vs 4.4,
P
= .04), with more argon laser photocoagulation (37% vs 52% vs 73%,
P
< .001) and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (6% vs 9% vs 23%,
P
< .002) and less cryotherapy (74% vs 84% vs 58%,
P
< .001). At mean follow-up (70 vs 65 vs 38 months,
P
= .02), the youngest patients had poorer visual acuity outcome (< 20/200: 83% vs 64% vs 39%,
P
< .001), had less disease resolution (43% vs 65% vs 62%,
P
= .01), and were more likely to ultimately require enucleation (22% vs 10% vs 6%,
P
= .01).

Conclusions:
Younger patients (3 years or younger) with Coats disease present with worse visual acuity and more advanced disease stage, and are more likely to require ultimate enucleation.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56(5):288–296.]
Training of Residents and Fellows in Retinopathy of Prematurity Around the World: An International Web-Based Survey
Authors: Al-Khaled Tala , Mikhail Mikel , Jonas Karyn E. , Wu Wei-Chi , Anzures Rachelle , Amphonphruet Atchara , Chuluunbat Tsengelmaa , Wu Lihteh , Chiang Michael F. , Campbell J. Peter , Chan R. V. Paul ,   the Global Education Network for Retinopathy of Prematurity (GEN-ROP)
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To characterize retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) training practices in international residency and fellowship programs.

Methods:

A publicly available online-based platform (
http://www.SurveyMonkey.com
) was used to develop a 28-question multiple-choice survey that targeted ROP screening and treatment methods. The authors solicited training programs in the Philippines, Thailand, and Taiwan.

Results:
Programs from three countries participated in the survey, and a total of 95 responses collected from residents, fellows, and attending ophthalmologists were analyzed. A descriptive analysis demonstrated that 45 participants (47%) reported 1% to 33% of ROP screenings were performed under direct supervision of attending ophthalmologists, and 35 (37%) reported the use of formal assessments. The majority of participants (Country A: 87%, Country B: 71%, and Country C: 75%) estimated 1% to 33% of their practice was spent screening for ROP. Notably, 44 participants (46%) reported performing zero laser photocoagulation treatments for ROP during training (Country A: 65%, Country B: 38%, and Country C: 38%).

Conclusions:
International ophthalmology trainees perform a limited number of ROP examinations and laser interventions. ROP screenings are often unsupervised and lead to no formal evaluation by an attending ophthalmologist. Limited ROP training among ophthalmologists may lead to misdiagnosis and ultimately mismanagement of a patient. Loss of vision and exposure to unwarranted treatments are among the implications of such errors. The findings highlight the need to improve ROP training in international ophthalmology residency and fellowship programs.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56(5):282–287.]
Biased S1PR1 Signaling in B Cells Subverts Responses to Homeostatic Chemokines, Severely Disorganizing Lymphoid Organ Architecture
Authors: Hwang Il-Young , Park Chung , Harrison Kathleen , Kehrl John H. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Ligand-engaged chemoattractant receptors trigger Gαi subunit nucleotide exchange, stimulating the activation of downstream effector molecules. Activated chemoattractant receptors also dock G protein–coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) that help mediate receptor desensitization. In this study, we show that the B cell–specific loss of GRK2 severely disrupts B cell trafficking and immune cell homeostasis. The GRK2 deficiency in developing murine B cells leads to a severe immune phenotype, including a major reduction of bone marrow IgD+ cells, splenomegaly with a loss of white pulp and grossly expanded red pulp, a deficit of Peyer patches, and small lymph nodes with marked reductions in B cell numbers. The major phenotypes in these mice arise from excessive S1PR1 signaling combined with inadequate homeostatic chemokine receptor signaling. CXCL13 signaling is the most severely compromised. In B cells, our data also indicate that S1PR1 signals constitutively, as blocking S1PR1 signaling with an S1PR1 antagonist enhanced CXCL13-triggered wild-type B cell migration. Furthermore, blocking S1PR1 signaling in the GRK2-deficient B cells partially corrected their poor response to chemokines. Treating mice lacking GRK2 expression in their B cells with an S1PR1 antagonist partially normalized B cell trafficking into lymph node and splenic follicles. These findings reveal the critical interdependence of Gαi-linked signaling pathways in controlling B lymphocyte trafficking.
Active contour model for medical sequence image segmentation based on spatial similarity
Authors: Huang Chencheng , Lei Denglan , Li Zhaofei 
Published: September 2019

Background and Objectives:
Image segmentation is the basic problem in computer vision and pattern recognition. This study mainly focuses on the segmentation of medical sequence images.

Materials and Methods:
In this article, we considered the spatial similarity of the medical sequence image in active contour model (ACM) for segmentation. First, by utilizing the similarity of object contour between adjacent slices of medical images, and then using the segment result of the former slice as the initial contour of the next image to segmentation. The proposed model can automatically obtain a better initial contour location and reduce the computing cost for segment processing. Second, to improve the accuracy of image segmentation, we considered the similarity of the object contour between adjacent slices, and introduce a punishment term in localized ACM.

Results:
We compared our model and other methods for segmenting medical brain magnetic resonance slices, and the experimental results on synthetic medical sequence images validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Conclusions:
By utilizing the similarity of object contour between adjacent slices of medical images, and using the segment result of former slice as the initial contour of the next image to segment, the proposed model can obtain better initial contour location for segmentation sequence images and reduce the computing cost for whole medical sequence image segmentation process.
Rehabilitation with robotic glove (Gloreha) in poststroke patients
Authors: Milia Paolo , Peccini Maria Cristina , De Salvo Federico , Sfaldaroli Alice , Grelli Chiara , Lucchesi Giorgia , Sadauskas Nora , Rossi Catia , Caserio Marco , Bigazzi Mario 
Published: September 2019

Background and Objectives:
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability. Rehabilitation involving repetitive, high-intensity, and task-specific exercise is the pathway to restore motor skills. Robotic assistive devices such as Gloreha are increasingly being used in upper limb rehabilitation. The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy of robotic therapy for upper limb rehabilitation using robotic glove (Gloreha) in patients with stroke.

Materials and Methods:
The patients affected by stroke who were admitted to our rehabilitation unit were studied. Patients were exposed to Gloreha device rehabilitation (30 min/die), physiotherapy (1,5 hours/die), and occupational therapy (30 min/die). We measured the impairment in motor function and muscle tone using the modified Ashworth scale (MAS), the activities of daily living functional independence measure (FIM), and the finger dexterity Nine-Hole Peg test (NHPT).

Results:
Twelve patients (mean age = 64.5 years; male/female: 8:4) were admitted at the rehabilitation training. We found statistically significant differences between admission and discharged in terms of functional recovery using the FIM scale (pre/M = 88.33; post/M = 117.25, P = 0.01); hand training showed a better outcome using the NHPT (pre/M = 51.8; post/M = 36.33, P = 0.01). No significant changes were observed in terms of spasticity with the MAS (pre/M = 1.25; post/M = 1.08;P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Rehabilitation with robotic glove (Gloreha) can positively promote functional recovery of arm function in a patient with stroke.
The Erdős–Moser Sum-free Set Problem
Authors: Sanders Tom 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe show that there is an absolute $c>0$ such that if $A$ is a finite set of integers, then there is a set $S\subset A$ of size at least $\log ^{1+c}|A|$ such that the restricted sumset $\{s+s^{\prime }:s,s^{\prime }\in S\text{ and }s\neq s^{\prime }\}$ is disjoint from $A$. (The logarithm here is to base $3$.)