bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bladder and bowel dysfunction, adaptive behaviour and psychiatric profiles in adults affected by autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Gubbiotti Marilena , Balboni Giulia , Bini Vittorio , Elisei Sandro , Bedetti Chiara , Marchiafava Moreno , Giannantoni Antonella 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsBladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) have been recognized in children affected by autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but no consistent information exist in adults with the condition. We evaluated the prevalence of BBD and the impact of psychiatric and behavioural profiles in adults affected by ASD.MethodsTwenty‐two adults and 13 children/teens with ASD and a matched group of typically developing subjects (TD) were prospectively studied. Patients and TD subjects underwent the evaluation of urinary incontinence (UI: diurnal, continuous or intermittent), nocturnal enuresis (NE), and bowel disturbances with the 3‐day voiding and bowel diary. In addition, assessment of intellectual disability (ID) and psychiatric and adaptive behaviours with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Scale (NPI) and the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale 2nd Edition (Vineland‐II), was performed.ResultsIn adults, any type of incontinence was observed in 81.8% of cases, and NE and intermittent UI in 59.0% and 36.3% of patients, respectively. Faecal incontinence and constipation were detected 36.3% and in 68.1% of cases, respectively. ID was severe in 2 cases and profound in 18; NPI and Vineland‐II items most affected were “Irritability/Lability,” “Motor Activity,” and “Agitation,” and IQ‐Socialization and IQ‐Communication. Significant relationships were identified between intermittent UI and greater ID (P < .02) and high “anxiety” (P < .05), and between NE and high “euphoria/elevated mood” (P < .05). These results were similar to those observed in children/teens.ConclusionsAdults with ASD, and greater ID and mood disorders, present with a high prevalence of BBD. A shared pathogenetic mechanism could underlie the co‐occurrence of ASD, mood disorders, and BBD.
Distortion correction for high‐resolution single‐shot EPI DTI using a modified field‐mapping method
Authors: Xiong Yuhui , Li Guangqi , Dai Erpeng , Wang Yishi , Zhang Zhe , Guo Hua 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe widely used single‐shot EPI (SS‐EPI) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) suffers from strong image distortion due to B0 inhomogeneity, especially for high‐resolution imaging. Traditional methods such as the field‐mapping method and the top‐up method have various deficiencies in high‐resolution SS‐EPI DTI distortion correction. This study aims to propose a robust distortion correction approach, which combines the advantages of traditional methods and overcomes their deficiencies, for high‐resolution SS‐EPI DTI.MethodsThe proposed correction method is based on the echo planar spectroscopic imaging field‐mapping followed by an intensity correction procedure. To evaluate the efficacy of distortion correction, the proposed method was compared with the conventional field‐mapping method and the top‐up method, using a newly developed quantitative evaluation framework. The correction results were also compared with multi‐shot EPI DTI to investigate whether the proposed method can provide high‐resolution SS‐EPI DTI with high geometric fidelity and high time efficiency.ResultsThe results show that accurate field‐mapping and intensity correction are critical to distortion correction in high‐resolution SS‐EPI DTI. The proposed method can provide more precise field maps and better correction results than the other two methods (p < 0.0001), and the corrected images show higher geometric fidelity than those from MS‐EPI DTI.ConclusionAn effective method is proposed to reduce image distortion in high‐resolution SS‐EPI DTI. It is practical to achieve high‐resolution DTI with high time efficiency and high structure accuracy using this method.
New Oleic Acid‐Capped Mesoporous Silica Particles as Surfactant‐Responsive Delivery Systems
Authors: Poyatos‐Racionero Elisa , Pérez‐Esteve Édgar , Dolores Marcos M. , Barat José M. , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón , Aznar Elena , Bernardos Andrea 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA new delivery microdevice, based on hydrophobic oleic acid‐capped mesoporous silica particles and able to payload release in the presence of surfactants, has been developed. The oleic acid functionalization confers to the system a high hydrophobic character, which avoids cargo release unless surfactant molecules are present. The performance of this oleic‐acid capped microdevice in the presence of different surfactants is presented and its zero‐release operation in the absence of surfactants is demonstrated.
Creation of Conductive Graphene Materials by Bacterial Reduction Using Shewanella Oneidensis
Authors: Lehner Benjamin A. E. , Janssen Vera A. E. C. , Spiesz Ewa M. , Benz Dominik , Brouns Stan J. J. , Meyer Anne S. , van der Zant Herre S. J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGraphene's maximized surface‐to‐volume ratio, high conductance, mechanical strength, and flexibility make it a promising nanomaterial. However, large‐scale graphene production is typically cost‐intensive. This manuscript describes a microbial reduction approach for producing graphene that utilizes the bacterium Shewanella oneidensis in combination with modern nanotechnology to enable a low‐cost, large‐scale production method. The bacterial reduction approach presented in this paper increases the conductance of single graphene oxide flakes as well as bulk graphene oxide sheets by 2.1 to 2.7 orders of magnitude respectively while simultaneously retaining a high surface‐area‐to‐thickness ratio. Shewanella‐mediated reduction was employed in conjunction with electron‐beam lithography to reduce one surface of individual graphene oxide flakes. This methodology yielded conducting flakes with differing functionalization on the top and bottom faces. Therefore, microbial reduction of graphene oxide enables the development and up‐scaling of new types of graphene‐based materials and devices with a variety of applications including nano‐composites, conductive inks, and biosensors, while avoiding usage of hazardous, environmentally‐unfriendly chemicals.
Solar radiation, air pollution, and bronchiolitis hospitalizations in Chile: An ecological study
Authors: Terrazas Claudia , Castro‐Rodriguez Jose A. , Camargo  Carlos A. , Borzutzky Arturo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate trends and geographic distribution of infant bronchiolitis hospitalizations in Chile, a country with large variation in solar radiation (SR) and high rates of urban air pollution.MethodsWe performed a nationwide ecological study of bronchiolitis hospitalizations from 2001 to 2014. We investigated the associations of regional SR (a proxy of vitamin D status) and regional fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution with bronchiolitis hospitalizations. We also evaluated the role of sociodemographic factors, including regional poverty, education, indigenous population, and rurality rates.ResultsDuring the study period, 119 479 infants were hospitalized for bronchiolitis in Chile; 59% were boys. The mean bronchiolitis hospitalization rate increased from 29 to 41 per 1000 infants per year (P = .02). There was an inverse correlation between regional SR and incidence of hospital admissions for bronchiolitis (r = −0.52, P = .049), accounting for 27% of these hospitalizations. There was also a significant direct correlation between regional ambient PM2.5 and bronchiolitis hospitalizations (R = 0.68, P = .006), accounting for 42% of the variation in admission rate. High firewood and/or coal residential use for heating, high regional poverty, lower years of education, and high rurality rates were also significantly correlated with bronchiolitis hospitalization rates. None of the environmental or sociodemographic factors evaluated were correlated with regional case fatality rates or length of stay at the hospital.ConclusionsThis ecological study revealed significant associations between regional SR, air pollution, and sociodemographic factors with infant bronchiolitis hospitalizations in Chile, suggesting that these factors play a major role in the incidence and severity of respiratory infections in early childhood.
Harnessing the power of next‐generation sequencing technologies to the purpose of high‐throughput pesticide resistance diagnosis
Authors: Délye Christophe , Michel Séverine , Pernin Fanny , Gautier Véronique , Gislard Marie , Poncet Charles , Le Corre Valérie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDNext Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies offer tremendous possibilities for high‐throughput pesticide resistance diagnosis via massive genotyping‐by‐sequencing. Herein, we used Illumina sequencing combined with a simple, non‐commercial bioinformatics pipe‐line to seek mutations involved in herbicide resistance in two weeds.RESULTSDNA was extracted from 96 pools of 50 plants for each species. Three amplicons encompassing 15 ALS (acetolactate‐synthase) codons crucial for herbicide resistance were amplified from each DNA extract. Above 18 and 20 million quality 250‐nucleotide sequence reads were obtained for groundsel (Senecio vulgaris, tetraploid) and ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia, diploid), respectively. Herbicide resistance‐endowing mutations were identified in 45 groundsel and in eight ragweed field populations. The mutations detected and their frequencies assessed by NGS were checked by individual plant genotyping or Sanger sequencing. NGS results were fully confirmed, except in three instances out of 12 where mutations present at a frequency of 1% were detected below the threshold set for reliable mutation detection.CONCLUSIONAnalyzing 9600 plants requested 192 DNA extractions followed by 1728 PCRs and two Illumina runs. Equivalent results obtained by individual analysis would have necessitated 9600 individual DNA extractions followed by 216 000 genotyping PCRs, or by 121 500 PCRs and 40 500 Sanger sequence runs. This clearly demonstrates the interest and power of NGS‐based detection of pesticide resistance from pools of individuals for diagnosing resistance in massive numbers of individuals. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Molten Salt Pyrolysis of Melamine‐Modified Denim Fabric Waste into Nitrogen‐Doped Activated Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Zeng Dong , Wang Shuai , Peng Junjun , Gui Yunyun , Liu Huihong , Yang Feng , Li Ming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConversion of biomass waste into nitrogen‐doped porous carbon has been considered as a promising approach to achieve energy storage materials. Nitrogen‐doped activated carbon materials have been successfully prepared by molten salt pyrolysis (MSP) using melamine modified‐denim fabric waste as precursor. The molten salt medium provides liquid condition to carbonize and activate the denim fabric waste. Melamine produces a large amount of nitrogen element for doping the carbon materials. The obtained nitrogen‐doped denim fabric‐based carbon materials (NDFC‐MSP) are composed of small fibrous fragment and thin sheet, and exhibit a high specific surface area (1975.2 m2⋅g−1) and high pore volume (1.087 cm3⋅g−1). Moreover, NDFC‐MSP sample with a high nitrogen content of 6.93 wt.% possesses a maximum specific capacitance of 345.8 F⋅g−1 at 0.25 A⋅g−1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte. It also displays a high specific capacitance of 230 F⋅g−1 at 10 A⋅g−1. The cycle stability shows 95.5% retention after 5000 charge‐discharge cycles at 1 A⋅g−1. In addition, the fabricated symmetric NDFC‐MSP supercapacitor with a wide voltage range of 1.8 V generates a maximum energy density of 17.0 Wh⋅kg−1 at power density of 225 W kg−1 in 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte.
Electrochemical Sensor Based on Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles Incorporated Carbon Paste Electrode for Determination of Metoclopramide and Indomethacin
Authors: Hassannezhad Morassa , Hosseini Morteza , Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Arvand Majid 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIt was intended to design a simple, inexpensive, yet stable and selective electrochemical sensor for the analysis of metoclopramide (MCP) and Indomethacin (IND) in individual and binary mixtures there of using a carbon paste of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) decorated with spinel zinc ferrite nanoparticle (ZnFe2O4) electrode i. e. ZnFe2O4/MWCNTs‐CPE. The composite material and the modified carbon paste were characterized by analytical methods including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX). The peak currents obtained through the differential pulse voltammetry of MCP and IND revealed a linear increasing trend from 0.6 to 90.0 μM for MCP; and from 5.0 to 200.0 μM for IND and respective detection limits of 0.13 μM and 0.5 μM, were obtained for the target species. The resulting modified CPE was successfully used for the determination of MCP in real samples.
SeO2 Mediated Synthesis of Selected Heterocycles by Oxidative C−C Bond Cleavage of AcetophenoneDerivatives
Authors: Khan Danish , Ahmed Naseem , Alsharif Meshari A. , Alahmdi Mohammed Issa , Mukhtar Sayeed 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn interestingcyclization reactions of aryl ketones with 2‐amino aniline derivatives under SeO2 (oxidant) are described for the synthesis of benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzimidazole and quinazolinone through the C−C cleavage of acetophenone. The reaction likely involves sequential C−N, C−O and C−S bond formation followed by C(CO)−C(alkyl) bond cleavage. Various substituted fused heterocycles are obtained in good to excellent (gram scale) yields in a single step from readily available acetophenones.
Evolution of Hydrocarbon Pool over SAPO‐34 Catalyst during Methanol to Light Olefins
Authors: Jing Buqin , Li Junfen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe coke deposition behaviors and the evolution of hydrocarbon pool species of SAPO‐34 during the methanol to olefins (MTO) process were investigated. Retained hydrocarbon analysis was employed to explore the amount and the category of coke in the cages of thermally quenched SAPO‐34 samples which had been used as the catalyst in the MTO reaction. The coke lead to the distinct microstrain of unit cell. The UV‐vis spectra and GC‐MS studies showed the evolution of hydrocarbon pool species from monocyclic to polyaromatic. Furthermore, the linearly increasing of coke content and linearly reducing of surface area of SAPO‐34 indicated that the deactivation of catalyst was mainly caused by the blockage of SAPO‐34 pore.
A study on the Concentration‐dependent Relaxometric Transition in Manganese Oxide Nanocolloid as MRI Contrast Agent
Authors: Khodaei Azin , Malek Mahrooz , Hosseini Hamid Reza Madaah , Delavari H Hamid , Vahdatkhah Parisa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA green precipitation method has been used for the synthesis of ultra‐small APTMS‐mPEG conjugated Mn3O4nanoparticles. Spherical cores in the uniform size of 4±1 nm were characterized by HRTEM. Zeta potential of −45 mV and the invariant turbidimetry results during the time, confirmed super‐stability of the colloids. MRI relaxometry by 1.5 T scanner represented two values of r1= 8.23 s−1mM−1and r1=7.3 s−1mM−1for diluted and concentrated samples. The r2/r1ratio was also decreased from 11.86 to 6.9 by dilution of colloids. Particle aggregation and motional narrowing phenomena led to a dual T1/T2contrast agent in the Mn ion concentrations of more than 0.2 mM. The optimum concentration of Mn ion for maximum dual signal intensity was estimated about 0.4 mM which is two times less than commercial Gd–DTPA. Cytotoxicity was examined through MTT assay and respectively, showed high cell viability at 48 h incubation. Overall, a potential dual T1/T2contrast agent was developed for early‐stage detection.
Synthesis of Diesters through Carbonylation of Diazo Compounds Followed by Alcohol Addition
Authors: Madarasi Packirisamy Kuzhalmozhi , Vinod Kavya , Sankar Anjaly , Sivasankar Chinnappan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDiesters are important synthetic tools for many biologically active compounds. There are only few methods known for the synthesis of diesters, however the known methods have their own limitations such as substrate scope and drastic reactions conditions. Carbonylation of diazo compounds using Co2(CO)8 as a carbonyl source and generating ketene finds many useful applications in synthetic chemistry. In this regard, we have utilized the methodology to synthesize diesters via nucleophilic addition of alcohol to the ketene generated from diazo compounds using Co2(CO)8 as a carbonyl source and catalyst, under mild reaction conditions. Both aliphatic and aromatic alcohols with electron withdrawing and donating substituents are well tolerated giving rise to a large number of biologically active diesters in good yield, which is further characterized by standard analytical and spectroscopic techniques.
Water‐Assisted Synthesis of Blue Chip Excitable 2D Halide Perovskite with Green‐Red Dual Emissions for White LEDs
Authors: Cao Fei , Yu Dejian , Xu Xiaobao , Cai Bo , Gu Yu , Dong Yuhang , Shen Yalong , Zeng Haibo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhite light‐emitting diodes have attracted much attention as indoor solid‐state light‐emitting devices and full‐color displays. The high cost of epitaxial semiconductors for three‐primary‐color multichips compels commercial universality. For traditional yellow downconverters, like YAG and silicates, rare earth element (Ce3+ or Eu2+) incorporation and high‐temperature manufacture processes impede further development in cost saving. In this work, by an innovative water‐assisted synthesis approach, a series of manganese (Mn)‐doped 2D halide perovskites (HPs) with dual emissions are developed. Systematic experiments elucidate that water in the synthesis process can assist the formation of an intermediate state of HPbI3, which further reacts with the alkylamine for HPs. Significantly, HPs with green‐red dual emissions are achieved for the first time, in which the green emission comes from the 2D HP matrix, and the red emission is owing to exciton transfer from the matrix to Mn (II) centers. By controlling the Mn doping level, the exciton transferring efficiency can be tailored to modulate the overall chromaticity of the emitter. As a result, perfect yellow emission is developed for white light with (0.33, 0.33) color coordinate. It is believed that this work paves the way for the real use of HPs in lighting and display technology.
What is a significant defect of the anal sphincter on translabial ultrasound?
Authors: Subramaniam N. , Dietz H. P. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe anal sphincter is commonly evaluated with endoanal ultrasound. Recently, translabial ultrasound imaging has been proposed for sphincter imaging, with moderate to good correlation between the methods. An endosonographic defect is defined as one with a radial extension of > 30° in at least two‐thirds of the length of the anal sphincter. This is equivalent to defining significant anal sphincter trauma on translabial tomographic ultrasound imaging (TUI) as a defect in at least four of six slices, a definition which has been validated. This study was designed to validate a residual defect angle of > 30° for the definition of significant anal sphincter trauma on translabial ultrasound.MethodsThis was a retrospective study involving 399 women attending a tertiary urogynecology unit in 2014. All underwent a standardized interview, including determination of St Mark's fecal incontinence score (SMIS), clinical examination and 3D/4D translabial ultrasound examination with the woman at rest and on pelvic floor muscle contraction (PFMC). External (EAS) and internal (IAS) anal sphincter defect angles were measured in individual TUI slices and associations with anal incontinence symptoms, bother score and SMIS were analyzed.ResultsThere were weak but significant correlations of anal incontinence symptoms, bother score and SMIS with EAS and IAS defect angle, measured on images acquired with the woman at rest and on PFMC. The predictive value of single‐slice defect angle on TUI was low, and areas under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curves were too low to determine a distinct cut‐off value for defect angle.ConclusionsAnal sphincter residual defects on single translabial TUI slices are weakly associated with measures of anal incontinence. Single‐slice defect angle is too poor a predictor to allow validation of the 30° defect angle cut‐off used in endoanal ultrasound. Larger studies in populations with a higher prevalence of anal incontinence are needed before we can disregard anal sphincter defects smaller than 30° on translabial ultrasound. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Toolbox for optimizing anti‐erosion protective coatings of wind turbine blades: Overview of mechanisms and technical solutions
Authors: Mishnaevsky Leon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFactors and structural parameters of coatings influencing the efficiency of protective coating systems against rain erosion of wind turbine blades are reviewed. The possibilities to enhance the attenuation of wave energy from droplet impact, increase damping and varying stiffness, creating interfaces for wave reflection, adding reinforcement for wave scattering, and creating additional layers or skeleton‐like reinforcing or wave absorbing structures, are discussed in the paper. Formulas for quantitative estimation of these effects as well as qualitative relationships between the structural parameters of coatings and their performance are presented. Recommendations and promising directions for the improvement of the protective coating systems for rain erosion protection of wind turbine blades are presented.
Climate-Smart Bread
Authors: Reay Dave 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGlobally we produce 700 million tonnes of wheat each year, providing one-fifth of all the calories and proteins we consume. An average loaf of bread has a carbon footprint of 1 kilogram, mainly as a result of emission on the farm. We also waste a huge amount: over 700,000 tonnes is thrown away each year in the UK—the equivalent of more than two million loaves a day and about one-third of all the bread we buy. Alongside reducing household waste, improved efficiency of nitrogen fertiliser use is a key way to cut emissions. Wheat is already facing impacts on yields from climate change, with heat waves, drought and disease being major risks in many areas in the coming decades. Access to disease-resistant varieties and use of improved soil management can both boost resilience and reduce emissions.
Promoting microbial utilization of phenolic substrates from bio-oil
Authors: Davis Kirsten , Rover Marjorie R , Salvachúa Davinia , Smith Ryan G , Beckham Gregg T , Wen Zhiyou , Brown Robert C , Jarboe Laura R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The economic viability of the biorefinery concept is limited by the valorization of lignin. One possible method of lignin valorization is biological upgrading with aromatic-catabolic microbes. In conjunction, lignin monomers can be produced by fast pyrolysis and fractionation. However, biological upgrading of these lignin monomers is limited by low water solubility. Here, we address the problem of low water solubility with an emulsifier blend containing approximately 70 wt% Tween® 20 and 30 wt% Span® 80. Pseudomonas putida KT2440 grew to an optical density (OD600) of 1.0 ± 0.2 when supplied with 1.6 wt% emulsified phenolic monomer-rich product produced by fast pyrolysis of red oak using an emulsifier dose of 0.076 ± 0.002 g emulsifier blend per g of phenolic monomer-rich product. This approach partially mitigated the toxicity of the model phenolic monomer p-coumarate to the microbe, but not benzoate or vanillin. This study provides a proof of concept that processing of biomass-derived phenolics to increase aqueous availability can enhance microbial utilization.