bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental stress cracking of silver‐coated polycarbonate
Authors: Tasdemir H. Abdullah , Tinaztepe Efe , Unal Safa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of silver coating on the environmental stress crack resistance (ESCR) of Lexan EXL9330 polycarbonate under exposure to anti‐corrosion oil and mechanical strain. Polycarbonates, known for their durability and versatility, are susceptible to environmental stress cracking (ESC) when exposed to aggressive chemicals under mechanical stress. In this research, eight groups of test specimens were evaluated, with variations including coated and uncoated surfaces, and exposure to anti‐corrosion oil under controlled strain conditions. The specimens were fabricated using Sabic EXL9330 resin, subjected to tensile testing, and analyzed for surface defects using optical microscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results showed that anti‐corrosion oil significantly exacerbates ESC, leading to considerable surface defects such as crazes and pores, particularly in uncoated specimens under strain. In contrast, silver‐coated specimens demonstrated enhanced ESCR, with a notable reduction in surface defects and only a modest decrease in ductility (approximately 9.5%) compared to the control group. FTIR analysis confirmed that chemical composition remained unchanged, reinforcing the role of ESC in the observed material degradation. This study underscores the effectiveness of silver coating in improving the resistance of polycarbonate materials to environmental stress cracking, highlighting its potential for applications where chemical exposure and mechanical stress are prevalent.Highlights
Silver coating improves environmental stress crack resistance (ESCR) in polycarbonate.
Anti‐corrosion oil exposure significantly exacerbates stress cracking in polycarbonate.
Coated specimens show reduced surface defects and minimal loss in ductility (9.5%).
Uncoated specimens exposed to oil and strain exhibit severe crazes and pores.
FTIR analysis confirms no chemical degradation in tested polycarbonate samples.
Vinylene‐Bridged Alkoxyfluorobenzothiadiazole (FOBTzE)‐Based Semiconducting Polymers for Enhanced Performance in Non‐Fullerene Organic Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Yan Yi , Mori Hiroki , Hosogi Ryuchi , Yamane Hiroki , Yoshino Tomoki , Nishihara Yasushi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTo mitigate the strong aggregation and limited solubility observed in the previously reported vinylene‐bridged alkoxyfluorobenzothiadiazole (FOBTzE)‐based polymer, PFOE4T, we designed and synthesized PBFOE‐1. This novel semiconducting polymer, based on the FOBTzE framework, incorporates an alkylthienyl‐substituted benzodithiophene (BDT) as the donor unit. PBFOE‐1 demonstrated broad and intense absorption between 300 and 700 nm with a relatively wide bandgap of 1.7 eV. Additionally, PBFOE‐1 features a low HOMO energy level (−5.43 eV) compared to PFOE4T (−5.23 eV), likely due to the incorporation of weakly electron‐donating BDT into the polymer backbone. While the PFOE4T/Y12‐based solar cell yielded a modest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.37%, characterized by a short‐circuit current density (J
sc) of 13.5 mA cm−2, an open‐circuit voltage (V
oc) of 0.69 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.47, the PBFOE‐1/Y12 cell exhibited a substantially higher PCE of 10.96%. This improvement is reflected in the enhanced J
sc (23.23 mA cm−2), V
oc (0.84 V), and FF (0.56). The superior performance of PBFOE‐1 is primarily attributed to its improved solubility and aggregation behavior, promoting a more ordered face‐on orientation and optimal blend morphology.
Hyperspectral sensing for high‐throughput chloride detection in grapevines
Authors: Sharma Sadikshya , Wong Christopher , Bhattarai Krishna , Lupo Yaniv , Magney Troy , Diaz‐Garcia Luis 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSoil salinity affects major viticultural areas worldwide with chloride ions being the primary source of salt toxicity in grapevines (Vitis vinifera). This toxicity impacts vine health and reduces fruit yield and quality. Current breeding efforts to improve grapevine salinity tolerance are limited by the low throughput of available phenotyping methods, which are time‐consuming, labor‐intensive, and destructive. This study demonstrated that hyperspectral proximal sensing can be utilized as a high‐throughput, nondestructive screening technique to identify salinity‐tolerant grapevine germplasm. The predictive abilities of two different hyperspectral devices, which varied in price, resolution, and sensitivity, were compared across 23 Vitis accessions spanning eight species. Prediction models were built using hyperspectral reflectance and leaf chloride content measured with a lab chloridometer. Three distinct approaches were studied: (1) analyzing the correlation between individual wavelengths and chloride content; (2) employing machine learning models, including partial least square regression (PLSR), random forest, and support vector machine, utilizing all wavelengths; and (3) classification‐based prediction using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA). Multiple regions in the spectrum, including 613–660 nm, 689–696 nm, and 1357–1358 nm, showed a medium correlation (0.30–0.50) with chloride content in the leaves. PLSR was the most effective machine learning approach, demonstrating moderate predictive capability for chloride content (maximum R2 = 0.67), though performance varied between the two devices tested. With PLSDA, predictions increased considerably, up to an accuracy of 0.97, depending on the instrument used and the spectral data transformation. Overall, the more expensive and sensitive device with a wider spectral range outperformed the more affordable, shorter range device. However, when the prediction model was based on classes (chloride excluders vs. non‐excluders) rather than chloride content, the differences in prediction abilities were minimal, with both instruments performing very well. This is promising for identifying breeding materials with chloride exclusion capabilities at low cost and high throughput.
Soil seed bank resilience in passively restored endangered Sand Fynbos following a century of pine plantations
Authors: Rebelo Alanna J. , Holmes Patricia M. , Rebelo Anthony G. , Martin Shaeleigh , Hattas Safiyyah , Hall Stuart , Esler Karen J. 
Published: November 2024

Societal Impact StatementEcosystems are rapidly being transformed, pushing us towards irreversible losses and even extinctions. The Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework aims to curb biodiversity decline. An intriguing solution lies in seed banks—where plants store seeds in the soil. Restoration efforts can revive lost ecosystems by leveraging these seed banks. In the fynbos of South Africa, this study found that it is possible to bring back ecosystems that were lost as long ago as 100 years if conditions are right. Managers can achieve best results by applying a dry season prescribed burn following removal of the driver of degradation (e.g. pine plantations or invasions).Summary
Soil‐stored seed banks are a critical evolutionary strategy for plants as they can stabilize population dynamics in response to environmental fluctuations such as droughts and natural disturbances such as fires, thus improving ecosystem resilience. This study aimed to assess resilience during the first restoration cycle of endangered Sand Fynbos following pine harvesting and a prescribed burn in South Africa.
We compared above ground populations and soil‐stored seed bank composition and focused on six perennial fynbos focal species in five 1 m2 plots. All six species are obligate reseeders with soil‐stored seed banks but represent a variety of important fynbos growth forms and seed types.
We found that native soil‐seed bank density following over a century of plantation forestry and 10 years after the first fynbos restoration burn was comparable to, or exceeded, densities measured in other fynbos studies, especially seed banks of alien‐invaded fynbos ecosystems. The early years following pine harvesting and a restoration burn likely provide a pest‐ and predator‐free window of opportunity in which plants may re‐establish and flourish.
Our results show that even for old forestry plantation areas, ecological restoration to the historic vegetation community is feasible, where there is retained seed bank resilience, through a combination of passive and active restoration methods. Ecological restoration in cases where soil seed banks persist is therefore a viable and critically important method to attain 30% conservation of terrestrial land in ecosystems with less than 30% remaining, as part of the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
The Myotubularin Related Proteins and the Untapped Interaction Potential of Their Disordered C‐Terminal Regions
Authors: Saar Daniel , Lennartsson Caroline L. E. , Weidner Philip , Burgermeister Elke , Kragelund Birthe B. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of proteins remain understudied with enigmatic sequence features relevant to their functions. Members of the myotubularin‐related protein (MTMR) family contain uncharacterized IDRs. After decades of research on their phosphatase activity, recent work on the C‐terminal IDRs of MTMR7 revealed new interactions and important new functions beyond the phosphatase function. Here we take a broader look at the C‐terminal domains (CTDs) of 14 human MTMRs and use bioinformatic tools and biophysical methods to ask which other functions may be probable in this protein family. The predictions show that the CTDs are disordered and carry short linear motifs (SLiMs) important for targeting of MTMRs to defined subcellular compartments and implicating them in signaling, phase separation, interaction with diverse proteins, including transcription factors and are of relevance for cancer research and neuroscience. We also present experimental methods to study the CTDs and use them to characterize the coiled coil (CC) domains of MTMR7 and MTMR9. We show homo‐ and hetero‐oligomerization with preference for MTMR7‐CC to form dimers, while MTMR9‐CC forms trimers. We relate the results to sequence features and make predictions for the structural landscape of other MTMRs. Our work gives a broad insight into the so far unrecognized features and SLiMs in MTMR‐CTDs, and provides the basis for more in‐depth experimental research on this diverse protein family and understudied IDRs in proteins in general.
Effect of mutation of secG gene in drug resistance and physiological and biochemical activities of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Chu Linglong , Lao Guangshu , Fang Yukai , Gao Xue , Liu Wenbo , Xie Qingbiao , Miao Weiguo , Jin Pengfei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacterial leaf blight caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae has a substantial effect on the yield of rice crops. The secretory (Sec) pathway, essential for efflux transport in bacteria, remains insufficiently studied in X. oryzae pv. oryzae, especially regarding its roles in drug resistance and physiology.RESULTSThis study involved transcriptome analysis on two X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains: a secG deletion strain (∆secG) and its complemented strain (C: ∆secG). In comparison to the parental strain PXO99A, ∆secG exhibited slower growth, with reductions in swimming (20.67%) and swarming (12.59%), while maintaining 76.7% of its biofilm formation capacity and 63.6% of exopolysaccharide production. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) values for an n‐butanol extract of Bacillus velezensis HN‐2 (HN‐2E) and bacitracin against ∆secG were 0.426 μg/mL (5.3% lower than that of PXO99A) and 10.905 μg/mL, respectively. Notably, ∆secG exhibited increased susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), being inhibited at 0.25 mm compared to 0.3 mm for PXO99A and C: ∆secG. In the presence of 0.2 mM H2O2, the susceptibility of ∆secG to HN‐2E increased by 31.22% (MIC50 = 0.159 μg/mL), while PXO99A and C: ∆secG exhibited MIC50 values of 0.280 and 0.291 μg/mL, respectively.CONCLUSIONOur findings demonstrate that Bacillus‐induced H2O2 production enhances the sensitivity of X. oryzae pv. oryzae to biocontrol agents, providing valuable insights for the prevention of bacterial leaf blight. These results highlight the significance of the Sec pathway in the behavior and resistance of X. oryzae pv. oryzae, as well as potential areas for further research on plant diseases. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Performance of the Shiryaev–Roberts‐Type Scheme in Monitoring Weibull Shape Parameter Based on Type II Censored Data
Authors: Yu Dan , Mukherjee Amitava , Song Zhi , Chen Peile , Zhang Jiujun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe Weibull distribution is very effective in modelling many different failure mechanisms given its intrinsic flexibility to represent different hazard functions via suitable selections of the shape and scale parameters. Given that the shape parameter of the distribution directly controls the hazard rate, we discuss a Shiryaev–Roberts (SR)–type scheme for monitoring the shape parameter with a fixed scale parameter when using Type II right‐censored Weibull lifetime data. A comparative analysis with existing schemes from the literature is provided by the average run length (ARL), along with the standard deviation of run length (SDRL) and some run‐length percentiles. The average extra quadratic loss (AEQL), the relative mean index (RMI) and the performance comparison index (PCI) are also considered to assess the overall performance. Our simulation results display certain advantages of the SR‐type scheme compared to those of traditional charts in detecting changes in censored lifetime data. An example based on the breaking strengths of the carbon fibre is also presented to demonstrate the proposed method's effectiveness in real situations.
Joint Optimization of Preventive Replacement and Spare Part Ordering for Single‐Unit Systems With Mixed Inspections
Authors: Liu Yongchao , Wang Guanjun , Liu Peng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a unified policy for preventive replacement and spare parts ordering for systems whose degradation follows a gamma process. It considers types of orders, each with variable lead times, and employs a combined inspection approach that integrates sequential and opportunistic inspections to monitor the system condition. The proposed policy coordinates the scheduling of spare parts orders, preventive replacements, and inspections based on the current state of the system. To assess its performance, the renewal reward theorem is used to calculate the average cost rate, the average availability, and the mean time to the first failure. The objective is to minimize the average cost rate, achieved through a grid search algorithm that identifies the optimal inspection and ordering policy. The effectiveness of the proposed policy is further validated by comparing its performance with three other policies in existing research works.
Versatile Quadrature Antenna for Precise Control of Large Electron Spin Ensembles in Diamond
Authors: Pellicer‐Guridi Ruben , Custers Koen , Solozabal‐Aldalur Joseba , Brodolin Alexey , Francis Jason T. , Varga Miguel , Mongelos Asier , Casanova Jorge , Paulides Margarethus M. , Molina‐Terriza Gabriel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn easily reproducible inexpensive microwave antenna that can generate a strong and homogeneous magnetic field of arbitrary polarization is presented, which enables fast and coherent control of electron spins over a large volume. Unlike preceding works, a resonant antenna with ample optical access and which maintains its resonant behavior regardless of the proximity of other experimental hardware components is presented. This robustness is crucial as it enables using microscope objectives with short working distances to perform wide‐field imaging/sensing with bulk diamonds. The antenna generates a magnetic field strength of 22.3 A for 1 W total driving power, which doubles the power efficiency compared with previously reported patch antenna designs. The magnetic field homogeneity in a volume of , and is within 3%, 8% and 14%, respectively. The antenna can be driven off‐resonance without affecting the ellipticity and inhomogeneity of the field, and has a full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum bandwidth of 200 MHz. Its resonant frequency can be tuned over a 400 MHz range via varactors. The PCB files are provided open‐source. This work facilitates a robust and versatile piece of instrumentation, being particularly appealing for applications such as high sensitivity magnetometry and wide‐field imaging/sensing with nitrogen‐vacancy centers.
Typical Structure of Hereditary Graph Families. I. Apex‐free Families
Authors: Norin Sergey , Yuditsky Yelena 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA family of graphs is hereditary if is closed under isomorphism and taking induced subgraphs. The speed of is the sequence , where denotes the set of graphs in with the vertex set . Alon et al. (2011) gave a rough description of typical graphs in a hereditary family and used it to show for every proper hereditary family there exist and an integer such that
The main result of this paper gives a more precise description of typical structure for a restricted class of hereditary families. As a consequence we characterize hereditary families with the speed just above the threshold , generalizing a result of Balogh and Butterfield (2011).
Bioavailability and Pharmacological Properties of Shikonin‐ A Phytocompound from Lithospermum Erythrorhizon
Authors: Biswal Stuti , Biswal Bijesh K 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLithospermum erythrorhizon, commonly known as gromwell, is a valuable medicinal plant with a wide range of pharmacological activities. Its roots are rich in bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, naphthoquinones, alkaloids, and other phytochemicals. Among these, shikonin, a naphthoquinone, stands out due to its remarkable pharmacological properties, including anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. This review provides an overview of the plant's morphology, distribution, ethnomedical applications, and phytochemistry, with a particular focus on shikonin. Online databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus were used to gather information using keywords such as Lithospermum erythrorhizon, shikonin, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. Findings highlight that shikonin demonstrates significant pharmacodynamic effects, particularly in cancer therapy. However, its hydrophobic nature limits its bioavailability. To address this, encapsulating shikonin in advanced drug delivery systems, such as micelles, can enhance its solubility, stability, and therapeutic efficacy. This review underscores the potential of shikonin as a novel drug for treating various diseases, especially cancer, and emphasizes the importance of innovative delivery strategies to maximize its clinical applications.
Reversible Sliding Motion by Hole‐Injection in Ammonium‐Linked Ferrocene, Electronically Decoupled from Noble Metal Substrate by Crown‐Ether Template Layer
Authors: Nishino Fumi , Krüger Peter , Wang Chi‐Hsien , Nemoto Ryohei , Chang Yu‐Hsin , Hosokai Takuya , Hasegawa Yuri , Fukutani Keisuke , Kera Satoshi , Horie Masaki , Yamada Toyo Kazu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractArtificial molecular machines, especially when based on wheel‐and‐axle complexes, can generate mechanical motions in response to external stimuli. Ferrocene (Fc) is a key component, but it decomposes at 300 K on metal surfaces. Here, a novel method is presented to construct and control the molecular complex composed of ammonium‐linked ferrocene (Fc‐amm) and tetrabrominated crown ether (BrCR) on a Cu(111) surface. Fc‐amm molecules are periodically arranged on a BrCR monolayer film and imaged using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. A lateral motion of the Fc groups by ≈0.1 nm is observed for pairs of “edge‐on” Fc‐amm molecules upon hole injection. This sliding motion is reversible and controlled by the applied voltage. Theoretical analysis indicates that the motion is caused by increased Coulomb repulsion of the hole‐doped Fc‐amm+ ions and accompanied by a weakening of CH‐π interactions. These findings open new avenues for developing nanomolecular devices using on‐surface bottom‐up processes.
Drastically Promoting Rate Capability via Dual‐Cations Intercalation of V2O5 Enabling Rapid Zinc‐Ion Storage
Authors: Dai Dongmei , Chen Ying , Li Bao , Zhang Zhuangzhuang , Wang Junrui , Wang Liang , Huang Yudai , Wang Bao , Liu Dai‐Huo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLayered vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) has drawn enormous attention as cathode material for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). However, the fragile open‐framework and the sluggish Zn2+ migration due to the strong electrostatic interaction between Zn2+ and cathode electrode hinder the development of AZIBs. Here, an effective dual‐cations intercalation strategy is employed based on synergistic effect of Mn2+ and Zn2+, which introduces guest species with robust layered construction and weak electrostatic interaction in the V2O5 bulk. Consequently, the (Mn0.13Zn0.03)V2O5 (abbreviated to MZVO) electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 463 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, a high cycling stability (94% of capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 10 A g−1) and superior rate performance of 256 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1. The outstanding performance of MZVO cathode is attributed to the Mn2+‐induced fast migration of Zn2+ transfer and Zn2+‐induced high structural stability conducted by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The two‐phase reaction mechanism of MZVO during Zn2+ (de)interaction is systematically expounded via operando XRD. This study will provide reference for the design of modified layered metal oxides in the future.
Recent Advances in Metal Halide Perovskites for CO2 Photocatalytic Reduction: An Overview and Future Prospects
Authors: Lv Jiong‐Ran , Guo Rui‐Tang , Zhu Hao‐Wen , Shi Xu‐Dong , Liu Ming‐Yang , Pan Wei‐Guo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels has become a significant research focus in recent years due to its environmental sustainability and energy efficiency. Metal halide perovskites (MHPs), renowned for their remarkable optoelectronic properties and tunable structures, are regarded as promising photocatalysts. Yet, their practical uses are constrained by inherent instability, severe electron–hole recombination, and a scarcity of active sites, prompting substantial research efforts to optimize MHP‐based photocatalysts. This review summarizes the latest advancements in MHP‐based photocatalysis. First the fundamental principles of photocatalysis are outlined and the structural and optical characteristics of MHPs are evaluated. Then key strategies for enhancing MHP photocatalysts, including morphology and surface modification, encapsulation, metal cation doping, heterojunction engineering, and molecular immobilization are highlighted. Finally, considering recent research progress and the needs for industrial application, challenges and future prospects are explored. This review aims to support researchers in the development of more efficient and stable MHP‐based photocatalysts.