bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy, feasibility and patient acceptability of ultrasound‐guided manual vacuum aspiration for treating early pregnancy loss
Authors: Chung Jacqueline Pui Wah , Chung Cathy Hoi Sze , Mak Jennifer Sze Man , Li Tin Chiu , Kong Grace Wing Shan 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundUltrasound‐guided manual vacuum aspiration (USG‐MVA) is an effective but underutilised alternative to medical or surgical evacuation of the uterus following first trimester miscarriage.AimsTo evaluate the efficacy, feasibility and patient acceptability of USG‐MVA for treating early pregnancy loss.Material and MethodsWe invited patients with early pregnancy losses to participate in this prospective cohort study. We reviewed the medical records of the participants and their visual analogue pain score during MVA. Primary outcomes were efficacy, feasibility and patient acceptability of USG‐MVA. Secondary outcomes included the success rate of culture of chorionic villi for chromosomal analysis and complications from the USG‐MVA procedure.ResultsWe included a consecutive series of 35 women who underwent the USG‐MVA procedure. The efficacy of USG‐MVA in achieving complete evacuation was 97.1%. The procedure was well tolerated and the mean procedure‐related pain score was 6.25 out of 10 (SD 1.55). Overall, all patients were satisfied with the procedure. The successful culture rate of chromosomal analysis was 94.3%. There were no major complications.ConclusionUSG‐MVA is an effective treatment for the management of early pregnancy loss in an out‐patient setting. It is an alternative to surgical evacuation under general anaesthesia, particularly for women desiring chromosomal analysis of products of conception. Further studies are required to investigate its health‐related and economic benefits in hospital service provision.
Characteristics of children less than 2 years of age undergoing anaesthesia in Denmark 2005–2015: a national observational study
Authors: Strøm C. , Afshari A. , Lundstrøm L. H. , Lohse N. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThere are few data available that describe the current anaesthetic management of children. We have analysed anaesthetic practice and peri‐operative complications for children in Denmark aged less than two years. We conducted a population‐based observational cohort study using the Danish Anaesthesia Database to identify children who received anaesthesia in hospital from 1 January 2005 until 31 December 2015. Data were combined with that from the Danish National Patient Registry and the Danish Civil Registration System. Age, sex, height, weight, ASA physical status, days in hospital before anaesthesia, number of anaesthetics per child, indications for anaesthesia, methods of anaesthesia, airway management and complications were all recorded. A total of 17,436 children (64% of whom were male) received 27,653 anaesthetics during the study period. In 58% of cases, the child had an ASA physical status score of 1. Thirty‐seven percent had a previous anaesthetic episode. Seventy‐nine percent were anaesthetised at a university hospital. The indications for anaesthesia were surgery (70%), diagnostic radiology (16%), non‐surgical care (11%) and other indications (3%). General anaesthesia combining intravenous and inhalational agents was the most common approach for surgery (68%) and diagnostic radiology (47%). For non‐surgical care, general anaesthesia using inhalational agents was the most common method (42%). Neuraxial blocks were used infrequently. The most common regional anaesthetic nerve block was an infraclavicular brachial plexus block (11%). Peri‐operative complications occurred in 1.71% of cases. A large proportion of anaesthetics were conducted in children with comorbidities. Non‐surgical indications for anaesthesia were frequent and peri‐operative complications were rare.
Cstf2t Regulates expression of histones and histone‐like proteins in male germ cells
Authors: Grozdanov P. N. , Li J. , Yu P. , Yan W. , MacDonald C. C. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryFormation of the 3′ ends of mature mRNAs requires recognition of the correct site within the last exon, cleavage of the nascent pre‐mRNA, and, for most mRNAs, addition of a poly(A) tail. Several factors are involved in recognition of the correct 3′‐end site. The cleavage stimulation factor (CstF) has three subunits, CstF‐50 (gene symbol Cstf1), CstF‐64 (Cstf2), and CstF‐77 (Cstf3). Of these, CstF‐64 is the RNA‐binding subunit that interacts with the pre‐mRNA downstream of the cleavage site. In male germ cells where CstF‐64 is not expressed, a paralog, τCstF‐64 (gene symbol Cstf2t) assumes its functions. Accordingly, Cstf2t knockout (Cstf2t−/−) mice exhibit male infertility due to defective development of spermatocytes and spermatids. To discover differentially expressed genes responsive to τCstF‐64, we performed RNA‐Seq in seminiferous tubules from wild‐type and Cstf2t−/− mice, and found that several histone and histone‐like mRNAs were reduced in Cstf2t−/− mice. We further observed delayed accumulation of the testis‐specific histone, H1fnt (formerly, H1t2 or Hanp1) in Cstf2t−/− mice. High‐throughput sequence analysis of polyadenylation sites (A‐seq) indicated reduced use of polyadenylation sites within a cluster downstream of H1fnt in knockout mice. However, high‐throughput sequencing of RNA isolated by cross‐linking immunoprecipitation (HITS‐CLIP) was not consistent with a direct role of τCstF‐64 in polyadenylation of H1fnt. These findings together suggest that the τCstF‐64 may control other reproductive functions that are not directly linked to the formation of 3′ ends of mature polyadenylated mRNAs during male germ cell formation.
Clinical outcomes of ultrashort sloping shoulder implant design: A survival analysis
Authors: Markose Joji , Eshwar Shruthi , Srinivas Suresh , Jain Vipin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundShort implants are preferred in cases of limited bone height. Length and design of implant credits to stability and implant success, shorter implants tend to survive for longer time duration.PurposeRetrospective cohort study was conducted with an aim to assess the clinical outcome and cumulative survival rate of sloping shoulder implants over a period of 8 years.Materials and MethodsData was collected from all patients attending private clinics in Dubai, UAE. Subjects received ultrashort sloping shoulder (Bicon) implant. Implants of 6 mm and less than 6 mm length were included in the study. Subject's information like age, gender, systemic condition, habits, and radiographs were collected. Implant variables that is number of implants placed, location of placement, loading type, bone type, bone condition, and graft type were collected. Data was analyzed using multivariate cox regression model to evaluate the correlation between implant variables and to identify the implant variables associated with failure. Kaplan–Meier method was adopted to assess the survival pattern of implants.ResultsCumulative survival rate was 97% with average follow up of 28 months. Statistically significant differences were seen with implant length, arch type, bone type, and bone condition with P value <.001.ConclusionShort implants with sloping shoulder design and plateau‐type roots have superior survival rates when compared with regular implants. The bone condition was also witnessed to be statistically significantly superior
A long‐term prospective cohort study on immediately restored single tooth implants inserted in extraction sockets and healed ridges: CBCT analyses, soft tissue alterations, aesthetic ratings, and patient‐reported outcomes
Authors: Raes Stefanie , Eghbali Aryan , Chappuis Vivianne , Raes Filiep , De Bruyn Hugo , Cosyn Jan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough many studies have been published on single implants, long‐term data remain scarce.PurposeTo evaluate immediately restored single implants after at least 8 years of follow‐up in terms of buccal bone, soft tissue alterations, aesthetic ratings, and patient‐reported outcomes.Materials and MethodsThis prospective cohort study included patients who were consecutively treated with an immediately restored single implant installed in an extraction socket (IIT) or a healed ridge (CIT) in the anterior maxilla. Biomaterials were never used. CBCTs were taken at study termination, soft tissue alterations, and Pink Esthetic Score were evaluated between 1 year and study termination using standardized clinical images. Patient satisfaction was also registered.ResultsAbout 11/16 initially treated patients in the IIT cohort (10 men, 6 women; mean age 45) and 18/23 initially treated patients in the CIT cohort (12 men, 11 women; mean age 40) could be evaluated after more than 8 years. A buccal bone wall less than 2 mm was found at all implant sites. A thin buccal bone wall less than 1 mm was found at 42% of the implant sites. In the CIT cohort, 8 patients had a missing buccal bone in the crestal area, although bone was present at the time of surgery. Alveolar process deficiency significantly deteriorated (P ≤ .046), whereas vertical soft tissue levels and PES remained stable over time in both cohorts. Patients expressed high overall satisfaction.ConclusionsSubstantial dimensional changes may be expected at the buccal aspect of single implants inserted in the premaxilla. As a result, contour augmentation procedures at the time of implant placement should be considered to counteract these bone alterations, even when implants are fully embedded in bone upon insertion.
Conflicts over knowledge transfer across the border: Korean international students and the conversion of cultural capital
Authors: PARK SUNG‐CHOON 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIt is common knowledge that international students are a major conduit of international knowledge transfer and that they become transnational managerial elites and highly skilled migrants. However, few studies show how this transfer occurs. Moreover, people often assume that knowledge transfer is a smooth process. Drawing on in‐depth interviews of former and current Korean international students and non‐migrant Koreans in the United States and South Korea, my study shows that knowledge transfer can, in fact, be highly conflictual. I argue that conflicts in the country of origin between international students (the transferors) and non‐migrants (the recipients) mediate knowledge transfer. I see the conflicts as struggles over the conversion of cultural capital from the Global North into local power and wealth, which reworks Bourdieu's theory of cultural capital for transnational social fields. In so doing, I develop a framework that links knowledge transfer and transnational social reproduction.
Prenatal diagnosis of premature chromatid separation/mosaic variegated aneuploidy (PCS/MVA) syndrome
Authors: Yamaguchi Tomoko , Yamaguchi Masatoshi , Akeno Keiko , Fujisaki Midori , Sumiyoshi Kaeko , Ohashi Masanao , Sameshima Hiroshi , Ozaki Mamoru , Kato Maki , Kato Takema , Hosoba Eriko , Kurahashi Hiroki 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPremature chromatid separation/mosaic variegated aneuploidy (PCS/MVA) syndrome is a rare genetic disorder. In this case report, we describe the prenatal diagnosis of PCS/MVA syndrome in a 24‐year‐old, gravida 1, para 1, woman who was referred to us in her second trimester due to fetal growth restriction and extreme microcephaly (−5.0 standard deviations). Amniocentesis and chromosomal analysis confirmed PCS in 80% of cultured fetal cells. PCS findings were positive in 9% of paternal cells and 11% of maternal cells, indicative that both were PCS carriers. Genetic analysis confirmed that the fetus carried a combined heterozygote of maternal G > A point mutation of the promoter area of the BUB1B gene and a paternal Alu sequence insertion between intron 8 and exon 9 of the BUB1B gene. As PCS/MVA syndrome is associated with the development of various malignancies in early life, prenatal diagnosis is important for effective planning of post‐natal care.
Sexual activity and quality of life in Japanese pelvic organ prolapse patients after transvaginal mesh surgery
Authors: Kinjo Manami , Yoshimura Yasukuni , Kitagawa Yasuhide , Okegawa Takatsugu , Nutahara Kikuo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate sexual activity and quality of life (QOL) after transvaginal mesh (TVM) surgery in Japanese patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The objective cure rate and associated complications were also investigated.MethodsThe cases of patients who underwent TVM surgery were retrospectively analyzed. QOL was assessed using the Prolapse Quality of Life Questionnaire (P‐QOL), and sexual function was evaluated using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) before surgery and 12 months after surgery.ResultsA total of 237 patients completed the planned follow‐up examinations. All P‐QOL domains were significantly improved after surgery. In total, 6 (2.5%), 5 (2.1%), 13 (5.5%), 4 (1.7%) and 1 (0.4%) patients developed recurrent POP, mesh extrusion, de novo stress urinary incontinence, inguinal pain and de novo dyspareunia, respectively. Before surgery, 124 of the 237 patients (52.3%) refused to complete the FSFI because they had not engaged in any sexual activity. Among the 113 patients who completed the FSFI, 13 (11.5%) were sexually active. After surgery, 79 patients completed the FSFI, and 14 (17.7%) were sexually active. The overall scores for sexual function and arousal were significantly improved after surgery.ConclusionPatients who underwent TVM surgery at our institution exhibited quite low sexual activity levels both before and after the operation. But TVM surgery achieved good QOL outcomes, a high success rate and a low complications rate at 12 months in Japanese POP patients. TVM implantation for POP is safe and effective in sexually inactive patients.
Screen time exposure and sleep among children with developmental disabilities
Authors: Aishworiya Ramkumar , Kiing Jennifer SH , Chan Yiong Huak , Tung Serena SW , Law Evelyn 
Published: April 2018

AimChildren with developmental disabilities are at risk of excessive screen time and are more vulnerable to sleep problems. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of screen time use in children with developmental disabilities and its relationship with sleep duration.MethodsConsecutive children aged 6–15 years diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth or Fifth Edition (DSM‐IV or DSM‐5) developmental disabilities were recruited for this study from December 2014 to April 2015. Of those recruited, 87.0% of families gave consent and provided questionnaire information on demographics and child's screen time use and completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire.ResultsParents of 102 children in a tertiary‐care developmental clinic completed the study. The mean age of children was 10 years, 1 month (standard deviation (SD), 22.7 months). The mean daily total screen time exposure was 2 h, 52.7 min (172.7 min, SD 120.8 min), with a median of 150.0 min. The mean amount of sleep per weekday was 8 h, 23.3 min (SD 64.6 min). Linear regression showed that, for every additional 9.17 min of screen time per day, sleep was reduced by 1 min (β = −0.11, P = 0.04). Older age (β = −0.64, P = 0.02) and living with a single parent (β = −69.29, P = 0.003) were also associated with less sleep.ConclusionsAmong children with developmental disabilities, greater daily screen time is associated with lower sleep duration. Older children and those from single‐parent families are at risk of lower sleep duration. Clinicians should routinely ask about screen time exposure and sleep habits in order to provide appropriate anticipatory guidance.
Hume on mental representation and intentionality
Authors: Cottrell Jonathan David 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe past two decades have seen an explosion of literature on Hume's views about mental representation and intentionality. This essay gives a roadmap of this literature, while arguing for two main interpretive claims. First, Hume aims to naturalize all forms of mental representation and intentionality, that is, to explain them in terms of properties and relations that are found throughout the natural world (not just in minds) and that are not, individually, peculiar to representational or intentional things. Second, Hume holds that the passions are not representational but do have intentionality extrinsically.
Encapsulation for delivering bioactives in aquaculture
Authors: Masoomi Dezfooli Seyedehsara , Gutierrez‐Maddox Noemi , Alfaro Andrea , Seyfoddin Ali 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe exploitation of wild fisheries has driven the seafood industry to develop more sustainable resources and high‐intensity aquaculture. However, high‐density aquaculture is prone to outbreaks of diseases. The use of chemicals and antimicrobial drugs in aquaculture is common practice, but such chemicals can have serious detrimental environmental impacts and antibiotics may result in bacterial resistance in many species. The development of non‐antibiotic and green strategies, such as using probiotics and immunostimulants, aims for a more sustainable practice for health maintenance in aquaculture. Although the efficacy of such strategies has been demonstrated in cultivations settings, the effective delivery of bioactives remains a challenge. Conventional delivery methods are often ineffective in terms of dosage, stability and species specificity, and can possibly cause widespread environmental contamination. However, recently developed drug delivery systems may provide innovative ways to improve delivery with minimal waste and improved environmental protection. Indeed, such cutting‐edge drug delivery systems have already provided measurable benefits in human medicine over the past two decades. New technologies, such as encapsulation and controlled release systems, can be used readily in scaled‐up operations to improve the delivery of bioactives and ultimately increase production and profitability in aquaculture. This review critically analyses the use of encapsulation technology with a focus on microparticles for delivery of bioactive agents to farmed aquatic animals. This review discusses various potential encapsulation materials, their properties and a range of methods that can be applied and scaled‐up for aquaculture. Finally, practical considerations for designing an efficient delivery system for aquaculture are discussed.
Does providing informal elderly care hasten retirement? Evidence from Japan
Authors: Niimi Yoko 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the implications of providing care to elderly parents for adult children's retirement plans using micro data from a Japanese survey. We find no significant effect of caregiving on family caregivers’ planned retirement age if we do not take into account caregiving intensity but find a negative and significant effect on retirement plans for intensive caregivers, particularly among women. These findings suggest that relying on family members to provide elderly care can pose a serious challenge to the ongoing efforts of the government to promote the labor supply of women and the elderly as a way of addressing the shrinkage of the working‐age population in Japan. The estimation results suggest that ensuring access to formal care services can help family members reconcile their paid work with caregiving requirements, thereby alleviating the adverse effect of caregiving on their retirement plans. The results also suggest that the financial burden of formal care services could require caregivers to postpone retirement in some cases.
Remodeling of muscle fibers approaching the human myotendinous junction
Authors: Jakobsen J. R. , Jakobsen N. R. , Mackey A. L. , Koch M. , Kjaer M. , Krogsgaard M. R. 
Published: April 2018

The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is at high risk of strain injuries, due to high amounts of energy that is transferred through this structure. The risk of strain injury is significantly reduced by heavy resistance training (HRT), indicating a remodeling capacity of MTJ. We investigated the degree of remodeling of muscle fibers near the human MTJ. In 8 individuals, samples were taken from the semitendinosus and gracilis MTJ and they were stained immunohistochemically for myonuclei (DAPI), fibroblasts (TCF7L2), and satellite cells (CD56). A high portion of the muscle fibers adjacent to the MTJ contained a centrally located myonucleus (47 ± 8%, mean ± SD) and half of the muscle fibers were CD56 positive. The number of satellite cells and fibroblasts were not higher than what has previously been reported from muscle bellies. The immunohistochemical findings suggest that the rate of remodeling of muscle fibers near the MTJ is very high. The finding that there was no increased number of satellite cells and fibroblasts could be explained as a dynamic phenomenon. The effect of HRT should be evaluated in a randomized setting.
Transfusion-Transmitted Infections: an Update on Product Screening, Diagnostic Techniques, and the Path Ahead
Authors: Dean Christina L. , Wade Jenna , Roback John D. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
The mandated testing of blood components for infectious diseases, to prevent transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), began in the 1950s. Since then, changes in predonation questionnaires and advances in testing techniques have afforded more sensitive and specific tests for pathogens, in addition to allowing earlier detection. Given that these approaches have very low but detectable failure rates, the recent development and implementation of proactive pathogen reduction approaches is the new forefront of TTI prevention strategies. With globalization and the ability of pathogens to evolve rapidly, continuous redefining of testing standards and laboratory techniques is paramount for maintaining a safe blood supply.