bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical calculation of permeability of periodic porous materials: Application to periodic arrays of spheres and 3D scaffold microstructures
Authors: Daish C. , Blanchard R. , Pirogova E. , Harvie D. J. E. , Pivonka P. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn this paper, an efficient numerical method is proposed to calculate the anisotropic permeability in porous materials characterized by a periodic microstructure. This method is based on pore‐scale fluid dynamic simulations using a static volume of fluid method. Unlike standard solution procedures for this type of problem, we here solve an average constitutive equation over both fluid and solid domain by use of a subgrid model to accurately capture momentum transfer from the fluid to solid interface regions. Using numerical simulations on periodic arrays of spheres, we first demonstrate that, by using the subgrid interface model, more accurate results can be produced, for the velocity and pressure fields, than via more conventional approaches. We then apply numerical upscaling over the unit cell to calculate the full anisotropic permeability from the pore‐scale numerical results. The obtained permeability values for a variety of periodic arrays of spheres in different arrangements and packing orders are in good agreement with semianalytical results reported in literature. This validation allows for the permeability assessment of more complex structures such as isotropic gyroid structures, or anisotropic cases, here modeled in their simplest form, the ellipsoidal inclusion.
Novel quadratic Bézier triangular and tetrahedral elements using existing mesh generators: Extension to nearly incompressible implicit and explicit elastodynamics in finite strains
Authors: Kadapa Chennakesava 
Published: February 2019

SummaryWe present a novel unified finite element framework for performing computationally efficient large strain implicit and explicit elastodynamic simulations using triangular and tetrahedral meshes that can be generated using the existing mesh generators. For the development of a unified framework, we use Bézier triangular and tetrahedral elements that are directly amenable for explicit schemes using lumped mass matrices and employ a mixed displacement‐pressure formulation for dealing with the numerical issues arising due to volumetric and shear locking. We demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed scheme by studying several challenging benchmark problems in finite strain elastostatics and nonlinear elastodynamics modelled with nearly incompressible hyperelastic and von Mises elastoplastic material models. We show that Bézier elements, in combination with the mixed formulation, help in developing a simple unified finite element formulation that is accurate, robust, and computationally very efficient for performing a wide variety of challenging nonlinear elastostatic and implicit and explicit elastodynamic simulations.
Twenty‐four–DOF four‐node quadrilateral elements for gradient elasticity
Authors: Sze K.Y. , Wu Z.H. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryComputational analysis of gradient elasticity often requires the trial solution to be C1, yet constructing simple C1 finite elements is not trivial. In this paper, three four‐node 24‐DOF quadrilateral elements for gradient elasticity analysis are devised by generalizing some of the advanced element formulations for thin‐plate analysis. These include the discrete Kirchhoff method, a relaxed hybrid‐stress method, and the hybrid‐stress method with equilibrating internal force modes. The first two methods start with the derivation of a C0 displacement, which is quadratic complete in the Cartesian coordinates. In the first method, at the midside points are derived and interpolated together with those at the nodes. Strain is derived from the displacement interpolation yet the second‐order displacement derivatives are derived from the displacement‐gradient interpolation. In the second method, only the assumed constant double‐stress modes are employed to enforce the continuity of the normal derivative of the displacement. In the third method, the equilibrating internal force modes require the C1 displacement to be defined only along the element boundary and the domain interpolation can be avoided. Patch test involving linear stress and constant double stress as well as other tests are presented to validate the proposed elements.
Certified real‐time shape optimization using isogeometric analysis, PGD model reduction, and a posteriori error estimation
Authors: Chamoin L. , Thai H.P. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we address the effective and accurate solution of problems with parameterized geometry. Considering the attractive framework of isogeometric analysis, which enables a natural and flexible link between computer‐aided design and simulation tools, the parameterization of the geometry is defined on the mapping from the isogeometric analysis parametric space to the physical space. From the subsequent multidimensional problem, model reduction based on the proper generalized decomposition technique with off‐line/online steps is introduced in order to describe the resulting manifold of parametric solutions with reduced CPU cost. Eventually, a posteriori estimation of various error sources inheriting from discretization and model reduction is performed in order to control the quality of the approximate solution, for any geometry, and feed a robust adaptive algorithm that optimizes the computational effort for prescribed accuracy. The overall approach thus constitutes an effective and reliable numerical tool for shape optimization analyses. Its performance is illustrated on several two‐ and three‐dimensional numerical experiments.
The diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of pediatric renal tumor biopsy: Report of the UK experience in the SIOP UK WT 2001 trial
Authors: Jackson Thomas J. , Williams Richard D. , Brok Jesper , Chowdhury Tanzina , Ronghe Milind , Powis Mark , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Vujanić Gordan M. ,   on behalf of the Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group (CCLG) Renal Tumours Group
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) protocols recommend preoperative chemotherapy appropriate for Wilms tumors (WTs) in children with renal tumors aged ≥6 months, reserving biopsy for “atypical” cases. The Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group (CCLG) joined the SIOP‐WT‐2001 study but continued the national practice of biopsy at presentation.MethodRetrospective study of concordance between locally reported renal tumor biopsies and central pathology review nephrectomy diagnoses of children enrolled by CCLG centers in the SIOP‐WT‐2001 study.ResultsBiopsy reports were available for 552/787 children with unilateral tumors. 36 of 552 (6.5%) were nondiagnostic: 2 normal tissue, 12 necrotic, 9 insufficient sample, and 13 indeterminate results (disproportionately non‐WTs). The sensitivity and specificity of biopsy to identify tumors that did not require SIOP empirical preoperative chemotherapy were 86.0% and 99.6%, respectively. 13 of 548 (2.4%) biopsy results were discordant with nephrectomy; non‐WTs other than renal cell carcinoma and clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) were poorly recognized. In children aged 6‐119 months, 480 of 518 (91.6%) had WT or nephroblastomatosis. 5 of 518 (1%) had benign tumors, and only one diagnosed on biopsy. Biopsy results correctly changed clinical management in 25 of 518 (4.8%), including identifying 19 of 20 CCSKs, but would have led to overtreatment in 5 of 518 (1%) or undertreatment in 4 of 518 (0.8%). In children aged ≥10 years, biopsy correctly changed management in 5 of 19 (26%) cases with no discordance.ConclusionBiopsy is less effective at identifying non‐WTs than WTs and rarely changes management in younger children. Biopsy should be reserved in SIOP protocols for children ≥10 years and in younger children with clinical or radiological features inconsistent with WT.
Tunable size and shape of conductive poly(N‐methylaniline) based on surfactant template and doping
Authors: Direksilp Chatrawee , Sirivat Anuvat 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPoly(N‐methylaniline) (PNMA) is one of the polyaniline derivatives with N‐substituted position. Polyaniline derivatives have attracted attention due to their higher solubility in common solvents than pristine polyaniline, but they still possess lower electrical conductivity. In this work, PNMA was synthesized via chemical oxidative polymerization in an ethanol–water system. The effect of surfactant type, namely anionic sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and non‐ionic Tween20, on the electrical conductivity, doping level and morphology was investigated. PNMA prepared with the SDBS system possessed the highest electrical conductivity among the obtained PNMAs with and without surfactants. The effect of /NNMA dopant mole ratios on the re‐doping, crystallinity, morphology and particle size was also examined. Using an /NNMA mole ratio of 10:1 in the re‐doping process provided the highest electrical conductivity of 15.53 ± 2.5 S cm−1, a doping level of 55.59%, along with hollow spherical particles with the thinnest membrane. Electron microscopy images revealed that the morphology of PNMA particles depended mainly on the surfactant type but not the /NNMA mole ratio. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Facile synthesis of ortho‐Phenylene‐based conjugated polymers through transformation of cross‐conjugated poly(2,3‐diaryl[2]dendralene)s and their optical properties
Authors: Koizumi Toshio , Kameda Tsuyoshi , Saito Hironori , Sato Ayumu , Hayashi Shotaro 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTWe studied the facile synthesis of ortho‐phenylene‐based conjugated polymers through transformation of cross‐conjugated polymers having [2]dendralene moiety, poly(2,3‐diaryl[2]dendralene)s (P1s), and demonstrated the sequential synthesis of (Z)‐alkene‐ and ortho‐arylene‐containing conjugated polymers from P1s. P1s were transformed into cyclohexa‐1,4‐diene‐containing conjugated polymers (P2s) through a Diels–Alder reaction. Aromatization of the cyclohexa‐1,4‐diene skeleton was achieved by using 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone to give the ortho‐phenylene‐containing conjugated polymers (P3s). The ultraviolet–visible and fluorescence spectra of the cross‐conjugated polymers P1s, and the conjugated polymers P2s and P3s indicated that the π–π interactions between the arylene moieties in P2s were stronger than those in P1s and P3s. The synthetic method for P2s and P3s offers an effective synthesis of various types of (Z)‐alkene‐ and ortho‐arylene‐containing conjugated polymers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 827–832
Psychosocial adjustment to a prostate cancer diagnosis in a cohort of radical prostatectomy patients in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Wissing Michel D. , Chevalier Simone , O'Flaherty Ana , McKercher Ginette , Aprikian Saro , Saad Fred , Carmel Michel , Lacombe Louis , Hamel Marc , Aprikian Armen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe psychosocial impact of a prostate cancer diagnosis significantly affects a patient's quality of life. We studied patient communication at the time of diagnosis and its impact on psychosocial adjustment of patients.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional data analysis from self‐administered questionnaires in the PROCURE biobank study, consisting of a cohort of patients with localized prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy in Québec (Canada), 2006 to 2013. Odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using binary or ordered logistic regression models.ResultsData from 1841 patients were analyzed. The median age of patients was 62 years (range 41‐80 years), the majority was French‐Canadian (68.3%) and married (79.6%). Most patients (90.1%) considered conversations with their treating physician a useful information source. Patients were dissatisfied on the communication when receiving their diagnosis by telephone (OR = 0.19, 95% CI, 0.11‐0.33). Younger patients were also more dissatisfied. Most patients preferred to receive information on prostate cancer (89.5%) and radical prostatectomy (88.0%) at the time of diagnosis, while only 58.8% and 52.4% of patients received this information at this stage. Patients who were dissatisfied with the communication of the diagnosis had more negative responses, such as increased worries and fear (P < 0.05). The five most useful coping mechanisms were physical activity (62.3%), breathing exercises (44.5%), music (32.8%), faith (30.3%), and muscle relaxation (30.1%), but varied by demographics.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of physicians communicating a prostate cancer diagnosis well to their patients. Patients may benefit from individually tailored interventions to facilitate their overall coping.
Ouabain promotes immune responses in WEHI‐3 cells to generate leukemia mice through enhancing phagocytosis and natural killer cell activities in vivo
Authors: Shih Yung‐Luen , Shang Hung‐Sheng , Chen Yung‐Liang , Hsueh Shu‐Ching , Chou Hsiao‐Min , Lu Hsu‐Feng , Lee Ming‐Zhe , Hou Hsin‐Tu , Chuang Ying‐Ying , Lee Mei‐Hui , Chen Kuo‐Wei , Chung Jing‐Gung 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOuabain, a cardiotonic steroid, was used for the treatment of heart failure and atrial fibrillation and induces cancer cell apoptosis in many human cancer cells including human leukemia cells. However, there are no reports to show the effects on immune responses in a leukemia mouse model. In this study, WEHI‐3 cell generated leukemia mice were developed and treated by oral ouabain at 0, 0.75, 1.5, and 3 mg/kg for 15 days. Results indicated that ouabain did not affect body appearance, but decreased liver and spleen weights, B‐ and T‐cell proliferation at all three doses treatment and increased CD19 cells at 3.0 mg/kg treatment, decreased CD3, CD11b, and Mac‐3 cells levels compared with positive control. Furthermore, ouabain increased the macrophage phagocytosis from peripheral blood mononuclear cell and peritoneal cavity at all three doses treatment and increased NK cell activities. Ouabain restored GOT, GPT and LDH levels in WEHI‐3 leukemia mice in vivo.
Cover Image, Volume 10, Issue 2
Authors: Beckerle Philipp , Castellini Claudio , Lenggenhager Bigna 
Published: February 2019

The cover image is based on the Focus Article Robotic interfaces for cognitive psychology and embodiment research: a research roadmap, by Philipp Beckerle, Claudio Castellini, and Bigna Lenggenhager, https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1486.
image
Enactivism, other minds, and mental disorders
Authors: Krueger Joel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough enactive approaches to cognition vary in terms of their character and scope, all endorse several core claims. The first is that cognition is tied to action. The second is that cognition is composed of more than just in-the-head processes; cognitive activities are (at least partially) externalized via features of our embodiment and in our ecological dealings with the people and things around us. I appeal to these two enactive claims to consider a view called “direct social perception” (DSP): the idea that we can sometimes perceive features of other minds directly in the character of their embodiment and environmental interactions. I argue that if DSP is true, we can probably also perceive certain features of mental disorders as well. I draw upon the developmental psychologist Daniel Stern’s notion of “forms of vitality”—largely overlooked in these debates—to develop this idea, and I use autism as a case study. I argue further that an enactive approach to DSP can clarify some ways we play a regulative role in shaping the temporal and phenomenal character of the disorder in question, and it may therefore have practical significance for both the clinical and therapeutic encounter.
Actual memory as a mediator of the amyloid‐subjective cognitive decline relationship
Authors: Chen Xi , Farrell Michelle E. , Moore William , Park Denise C. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionAmyloid pathology in cognitively normal adults is associated with subjective cognitive decline, potentially reflecting awareness of Alzheimer's‐related memory deficits. To clarify the mechanism underlying this relationship, we used mediational analyses to determine the role of depression, anxiety, and actual memory performance.MethodsTo assess amyloid deposition, we imaged 85 cognitively normal adults with florbetapir positron emission tomography imaging. Subjective cognitive decline was measured using a multidimensional instrument that assessed seven subjective memory domains. Mediational measures included assessments of actual memory performance (current and retrospective longitudinal change), depression, and anxiety.ResultsThe relationship between amyloid and subjective cognitive decline was mediated by poorer memory performance and greater retrospective memory decline, not depression or anxiety. The mediational roles were significant for domains associated with memory function and memory‐related anxiety.DiscussionIn individuals harboring amyloid, self‐reported beliefs of declining memory likely indicate early self‐awareness of actual worsening function rather than depression or anxiety.
Wh-indeterminates in Chuj (Mayan)
Authors: Kotek Hadas , Erlewine Michael Yoshitaka 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article investigates the varied uses of wh-words in Chuj, an understudied Mayan language of Guatemala. Cross-linguistically, wh-words are commonly used not only for question formation but also in a range of other constructions, including wh-quantification, indefinites, and the formation of relative clauses. In Chuj, we will show that wh-words are used to form indefinites (in certain limited environments), universal quantifiers, free choice items, and two kinds of free relatives: definite free relatives, but also the typologically rarer indefinite free relatives. We sketch an analysis of each construction, and discuss generalizations concerning their distribution. The varied uses of wh-words in Chuj support the view that wh-words are used in two capacities: to generate alternatives, and to create a movement/binding relation.
Theory for the rheology of dense non-Brownian suspensions: divergence of viscosities and– rheology
Authors: Suzuki Koshiro , Hayakawa Hisao 
Published: February 2019

A systematic microscopic theory for the rheology of dense non-Brownian suspensions characterized by the volume fraction$\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}$is developed. The theory successfully derives the critical behaviour in the vicinity of the jamming point (volume fraction$\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}_{J}$), for both the pressure$P$and the shear stress$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{xy}$, i.e. $P\sim \unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{xy}\sim \dot{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{0}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}^{-2}$, where$\dot{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}$is the shear rate,$\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{0}$is the shear viscosity of the solvent and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}_{J}-\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}>0$is the distance from the jamming point. It also successfully describes the behaviour of the stress ratio$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{xy}/P$with respect to the viscous number$J=\dot{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{0}/P$.
The whole can be very much less than the sum of its parts
Authors: Shiu Peter 
Published: February 2019

This Article is on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and the fast Fourier transform (FFT). As we shall see, FFT is a slight misnomer, causing confusion to beginners. The idiosyncratic title will be clarified in §4.Computing machines are highly efficient nowadays, and much of the efficiency is based on the use of the FFT to speed up calculations in ultrahigh precision arithmetic. The algorithm is now an indispensable tool for solving problems that involve a large amount of computation, resulting in many useful and important applications: for example, in signal processing, data compression and photo-images in general, and WiFi, mobile phones, CT scanners and MR imaging in particular.
Diversity ofRhabdochona mexicana(Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae), a parasite ofAstyanaxspp. (Characidae) in Mexico and Guatemala, using mitochondrial and nuclear genes, with the description of a new species
Authors: Santacruz A. , Ornelas-García C.P. , Pérez-Ponce de León G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAmong fish parasitic nematodesRhabdochonais one of the most speciose genera, withc.100 species. Twelve congeneric species occur in Mexican freshwater fishes, in a region located between the Nearctic and Neotropical biogeographical regions. Host association and biogeographical history have determined the high species richness ofRhabdochonain Mexico. One of these species,Rhabdochona mexicana, is highly specific to the characid genusAstyanax.Characids are a group of freshwater fish with Neotropical affinity. In this paper, we explore the genetic diversity ofR. mexicanathrough samples obtained from populations ofAstyanaxspp. across river basins of Mexico and Guatemala. Sequences of one mitochondrial and two ribosomal genes were obtained from 38 individuals and analysed using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analysis. Phylogenetic analyses usingcox1, and a concatenated alignment of 18S + 28S +cox1 recovered two genetic lineages. One of them corresponded withR. mexicana sensu stricto; this lineage included three reciprocally monophyletic subgroups; the other lineage was highly divergent and represented a putative candidate species. A detailed morphological study was conducted to corroborate the molecular findings. We describe a new species herein and discuss the implications of using molecular tools to increase our knowledge about the diversity of a speciose genus such asRhabdochona.
Tontines, annuities and civic improvements in Georgian Britain
Authors: GREEN DAVID R. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT:Civic improvement in Georgian Britain required significant amounts of capital. Tontines were an important means of financing projects. This article provides new evidence based largely on local newspapers that demonstrates their local and national importance for mutual assurance and building. Shifts in profitability depended on the price of Consols and this explains why building tontines increased in importance. Tontines were used to fund new leisure spaces, workhouses, prisons, bridges, streets and other improvements. Their popularity waned in the later nineteenth century but until then they were an important means of funding civic improvements.
EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ORATORIO REFORM IN PRACTICE: APOSTOLO ZENO REVISES A FLORENTINE LIBRETTO
Authors: VAN DER LINDEN HUUB 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTAlthough the circulation and revision of Italian opera librettos is a well-known aspect of musical life in eighteenth-century Europe, the practice has hardly been touched upon with regard to the Italian oratorio of the same period. Librettist Apostolo Zeno (1668–1750) worked in and theorized about both genres, yet his involvement with the oratorio has been little studied. This article addresses three editions of an oratorio libretto by Domenico Canavese. Following versions for Florence (1712) and Pistoia (1714), a third appeared in 1726 in conjunction with a Lenten performance at the Imperial Court Chapel in Vienna. An annotated copy of the 1712 edition from Zeno's library shows that he revised the text for the Viennese performance. His textual changes – some small, some radical – reveal practical, stylistic and dramaturgical concerns. A comparison of the annotated copy with the printed libretto for the 1726 performance and the principal musical source for the new setting by Giuseppe Porsile shows that Zeno's revisions were scrupulously followed.