bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoscopic Porous Iridium/Iridium Dioxide Superstructures (15 nm): Synthesis and Thermal Conversion by In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Pappert Kevin , Loza Kateryna , Shviro Meital , Hagemann Ulrich , Heggen Marc , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E. , Schierholz Roland , Maeda Takuya , Kaneko Kenji , Epple Matthias 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPorous particle superstructures of about 15 nm diameter, consisting of ultrasmall nanoparticles of iridium and iridium dioxide, are prepared through the reduction of sodium hexachloridoiridate(+IV) with sodium citrate/sodium borohydride in water. The water‐dispersible porous particles contain about 20 wt % poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), which was added for colloidal stabilization. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy confirms the presence of both iridium and iridium dioxide primary particles (1–2 nm) in each porous superstructure. The internal porosity (≈58 vol%) is demonstrated by electron tomography. In situ transmission electron microscopy up to 1000 °C under oxygen, nitrogen, argon/hydrogen (all at 1 bar), and vacuum shows that the porous particles undergo sintering and subsequent compaction upon heating, a process that starts at around 250 °C and is completed at around 800 °C. Finally, well‐crystalline iridium dioxide is obtained under all four environments. The catalytic activity of the as‐prepared porous superstructures in electrochemical water splitting (oxygen evolution reaction; OER) is reduced considerably upon heating owing to sintering of the pores and loss of internal surface area.
Chromatic adaptation transform by spectral reconstruction
Authors: Burns Scott A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA color appearance model (CAM) is an advanced colorimetric tool used to predict color appearance under a wide variety of viewing conditions. A chromatic adaptation transform (CAT) is an integral part of a CAM. Its role is to predict “corresponding colors,” that is, a pair of colors that have the same color appearance when viewed under different illuminants, after partial or full adaptation to each illuminant. Modern CATs can sometimes generate colors with negative tristimulus values. For some imaging applications, it is important to maintain positive tristimulus values when applying a CAT. This article proposes a new CAT that does not operate on the standard von Kries model of adaptation. Instead, it uses a spectral reconstruction technique as an intermediate stage in the process, while still requiring only tristimulus values as inputs. It is demonstrated that the proposed CAT will not generate colors outside the spectral locus or colors with negative tristimulus values. The proposed CAT does not use established empirical corresponding‐colors data sets to optimize performance, as most modern CATs do, yet it performs as well as or better than the most recent CATs when tested against the data sets of corresponding colors.
Constraint projections for semi‐supervised spectral clustering ensemble
Authors: Yang Jingya , Sun Linfu , Wu Qishi 
Published: May 2019

SummaryCluster ensemble combines multiple base clustering results in a suitable way to improve the accuracy of the clustering result. In the conventional cluster ensemble frameworks, pairwise constraints and constraint projections have not been used together, and spectral clustering algorithm is rarely adopted to serve as the consensus function. In this paper, we design a constraint projections for semi‐supervised spectral clustering ensemble (CPSSSCE) model. It takes advantages of spectral clustering algorithm and executes semi‐supervised learning twice. Compared to traditional cluster ensemble approaches, CPSSSCE is characterized by several properties. First, the original data are transformed to lower‐dimensional representations by constraint projection before base clustering. Second, a similarity matrix is constructed using the base clustering results and modified using pairwise constraints. Third, the spectral clustering algorithm is applied to process the similarity matrix to obtain a consensus cluster result. Extensive experiments on standard University of California Irvine Machine Learning Repository (UCI) and Microsoft datasets demonstrated that the CPSSSCE is superior to other cluster ensemble algorithms including a semi‐supervised spectral clustering ensemble.
Graph encryption for all‐path queries
Authors: Xu Zifeng , Zhou Fucai , Li Jin , Li Yuxi , Wang Qiang 
Published: May 2019

SummarySince cloud computing and cloud storage have become a common practice in our daily life, people are paying more attention on protecting the privacy of their sensitive data. In this paper, we consider the problem of graph encryption in such a way that one can perform all‐path queries over an encrypted graph in a privacy‐preserving manner. A solution for such problem has many potential applications in network virtualization since graph data structures are commonly used to represent the topology of substrate and virtual networks. We propose a searchable symmetric encryption scheme for graph data that support all‐path queries. The scheme allows a client to encrypt a sensitive graph and outsource it to an untrusted server for storage. After that, the client can perform arbitrary all‐path queries between a source and a destination. For each query, the server computes and returns all the paths that satisfied the query. We prove that our scheme is secure against adaptive chosen‐query attacks in the semi‐honest setting.
The Effects of Ultrasound on the Electro‐Oxidation of Sulfate Solutions at Low pH
Authors: Wallace Alexander G. , McHugh Patrick J. , Symes Mark D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe electro‐oxidation of sulfate solutions is a well‐established route for the generation of powerful oxidants such as persulfate. Despite this, the effects of simultaneous ultrasound irradiation during this process has attracted little attention. Herein, we investigate the effects of a low‐intensity ultrasonic field on the generation of solution‐phase oxidants during the electro‐oxidation of sulfate solutions. Our results show that at high current densities and high sulfate concentrations, ultrasound has little effect on the Faradaic and absolute yields of solution‐phase oxidants. However, at lower current densities and sulfate concentrations, the amount of these oxidants in solution appears to decrease under ultrasonic irradiation. A mechanism explaining these results is proposed (and validated), whereby anodically‐generated sulfate and hydroxyl radicals are more effectively transported into bulk solution (where they are quenched) during sonication, whereas in the absence of an ultrasonic field these radicals combine with one another to form more persistent species (such as persulfate) that can be detected by iodometry.
A Zeta‐based switched‐capacitor DC‐DC converter topology
Authors: Vosoughi Naser , Abbasi Maysam , Abbasi Ehsan , Sabahi Mehran 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis article proposes a new Zeta‐based switched‐capacitor (SC) dc‐dc converter, which has many advantages such as increased voltage gain, decreased duty‐cycle, lower voltage stress on components such as its capacitors and input switch, and increased output power over traditional dc‐dc converter structures. In traditional converters such as Zeta converter, there is only one coupling capacitor, which works as a medium for transferring the power between input and the output. However, in the proposed Zeta‐based converter, there are multiple coupling capacitors, which are used based on dc‐dc SC converter principles. By using these switched coupling capacitors, the mentioned advantages are obtained for the proposed structure, which in turn make this converter more applicable for industrial applications. The analysis has been validated by comprehensive and precise comparisons and experimental results.
A lifetime enhancement protocol in cluster‐based wireless sensor networks with guaranteed delay
Authors: Jothiprakasam Sundaravanan , Muthial Chandrasekaran 
Published: May 2019

SummaryWireless sensor networks nowadays find application in all the fields of the world. Rare event detection is an important application in which the wireless sensor network is used. In the case of rare event detection, event of interest or the important event occurs very rarely. Battery‐powered sensor nodes are deployed to detect the event and report to the base station. Sensing and communicating the low priority events happen in major portion of the lifetime for the sensor nodes. However, if the event occurs, then it should be detected and communicated at the earliest to the base station or to the sink node. To reduce the network traffic due to low priority data, we propose a cross layered algorithm to improve the lifetime of the sensor nodes in the case of clustered architecture. In spite of the increase in the network lifetime, the time to detect and communicate to the base station is maintained as that of the traditional clustering approach. The proposed algorithm is simulated, and results show significant improvement in the lifetime of the sensor nodes with guaranteed latency. In this paper, we also suggest methods to support the latency to sensor nodes on priority basis for continuous reporting.
On the analysis of achievable rate for NOMA networks with cooperative users over κ‐μ shadowed fading channels
Authors: Bilim Mehmet , Kapucu Nuri 
Published: May 2019

SummaryCooperative nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system is an effective solution for the fifth generation (5G) wireless mobile communications systems. In this work, the achievable rate analysis of a NOMA communication network with decode‐and‐forward (DF) relaying under κ‐μ shadowed fading conditions is investigated. First, we develop an analytical framework for cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the considered system model. Then, the average achievable rate expressions for two different information bits namely s1 and s2 are derived based on the derived CDF for NOMA with DF relaying over κ‐μ shadowed fading channels. Furthermore, we also propose simplified average achievable rate expressions for the special cases of κ‐μ shadowed fading channels in order to facilitate the evaluation of the derived expressions. Some numerical examples on the achievable rate of the considered system are shown for different scenarios. Moreover, our derived analytical average achievable rate expressions are confirmed by the simulations results.
The use of GLP‐1 receptor agonists in hospitalised patients: An untapped potential
Authors: Mustafa Omar G. , Whyte Martin B. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryIn the outpatient setting, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists have proved to be highly efficacious drugs that provide glycaemic control with a low risk of hypoglycaemia. These characteristics make GLP‐1 receptor agonists attractive agents to treat dysglycaemia in perioperative or high‐dependency hospital settings, where glycaemic variability and hyperglycaemia are associated with poor prognosis. GLP‐1 also has a direct action on the myocardium and vasculature—which may be advantageous in the immediate aftermath of a vascular insult. This is a narrative review of the work in this area. The aim was to determine the populations of hospitalised patients being evaluated and the clinical and mechanistic end‐points tested, with the institution of GLP‐1 therapy in hospital. We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Google scholar databases, combining the term “glucagon‐like peptide 1” OR “GLP‐1” OR “incretin” OR “liraglutide” OR “exenatide” OR “lixisenatide” OR “dulaglutide” OR “albiglutide” AND “inpatient” OR “hospital” OR “perioperative” OR “postoperative” OR “surgery” OR “myocardial infarction” OR “stroke” OR “cerebrovascular disease” OR “transient ischaemic attack” OR “ICU” OR “critical care” OR “critical illness” OR “CCU” OR “coronary care unit.” Pilot studies were reported in the fields of acute stroke, cardiac resuscitation, coronary care, and perioperative care that showed advantages for GLP‐1 therapy, with normalisation of glucose, lower glucose variability, and lower risk of hypoglycaemia. Animal and human studies have reported improvements in myocardial performance when given acutely after vascular insult or surgery, but these have yet to be translated into randomised clinical trials.
Spatially explicit network analysis reveals multi‐species annual cycle movement patterns of sea ducks
Authors: Lamb Juliet S. , Paton Peter W. C. , Osenkowski Jason E. , Badzinski Shannon S. , Berlin Alicia M. , Bowman Tim , Dwyer Chris , Fara Luke J. , Gilliland Scott G. , Kenow Kevin , Lepage Christine , Mallory Mark L. , Olsen Glenn H. , Perry Matthew C. , Petrie Scott A. , Savard Jean‐Pierre L. , Savoy Lucas , Schummer Michael , Spiegel Caleb S. , McWilliams Scott R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractConservation of long‐distance migratory species poses unique challenges. Migratory connectivity, that is, the extent to which groupings of individuals at breeding sites are maintained in wintering areas, is frequently used to evaluate population structure and assess use of key habitat areas. However, for species with complex or variable annual cycle movements, this traditional bimodal framework of migratory connectivity may be overly simplistic. Like many other waterfowl, sea ducks often travel to specific pre‐ and post‐breeding sites outside their nesting and wintering areas to prepare for migration by feeding extensively and, in some cases, molting their flight feathers. These additional migrations may play a key role in population structure, but are not included in traditional models of migratory connectivity. Network analysis, which applies graph theory to assess linkages between discrete locations or entities, offers a powerful tool for quantitatively assessing the contributions of different sites used throughout the annual cycle to complex spatial networks. We collected satellite telemetry data on annual cycle movements of 672 individual sea ducks of five species from throughout eastern North America and the Great Lakes. From these data, we constructed a multi‐species network model of migratory patterns and site use over the course of breeding, molting, wintering, and migratory staging. Our results highlight inter‐ and intra‐specific differences in the patterns and complexity of annual cycle movement patterns, including the central importance of staging and molting sites in James Bay, the St. Lawrence River, and southern New England to multi‐species annual cycle habitat linkages, and highlight the value of Long‐tailed Ducks (Calengula haemalis) as an umbrella species to represent the movement patterns of multiple sea duck species. We also discuss potential applications of network migration models to conservation prioritization, identification of population units, and integrating different data streams.
Senescence and costs of reproduction in the life history of a small precocial species
Authors: Trillmich Fritz , Geißler Edda , Guenther Anja 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSpecies following a fast life history are expected to express fitness costs mainly as increased mortality, while slow‐lived species should suffer fertility costs. Because observational studies have limited power to disentangle intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing senescence, we manipulated reproductive effort experimentally in the cavy (Cavia aperea) which produces extremely precocial young. We created two experimental groups: One was allowed continuous reproduction (CR) and the other intermittent reproduction (IR) by removing males at regular intervals. We predicted that the CR females should senesce (and die) earlier and produce either fewer and/or smaller, slower growing offspring per litter than those of the IR group. CR females had 16% more litters during three years than IR females. CR females increased mass and body condition more steeply and both remained higher until the experiment ended. Female survival showed no group difference. Reproductive senescence in litter size, litter mass, and reproductive effort (litter mass/maternal mass) began after about 600 days and was slightly stronger in CR than IR females. Litter size, litter mass, and offspring survival declined with maternal age and were influenced by seasonality. IR females decreased reproductive effort less during cold seasons and only at higher age than CR females. Nevertheless, offspring winter mortality was higher in IR females. Our results show small costs of reproduction despite high reproductive effort, suggesting that under ad libitum food conditions costs depend largely on internal regulation of allocation decisions.
Advances in Electrochemical (Bio)Sensing Targeting Epigenetic Modifications of Nucleic Acids
Authors: Campuzano Susana , Pedrero María , Yánez‐Sedeño Paloma , Pingarrón José M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNucleic acids epigenetic modifications including DNA and RNA methylation and post transcriptional gene regulation by noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), are of great relevance due to their role in mammalian development and the initiation and progression of various diseases like cancer. Over the past decades, a great research effort was made for determining nucleic acid methylation, electrochemical biosensors rapidly developing as efficient analytical tools for the determination of epigenetic modification of nucleic acids. In this review article, a critical overview of recently reported advances in their development and use for the determination of epigenetic modifications of nucleic acids, including the presence of methylated bases in DNA and RNA and the aberrant expression of microRNAs and lncRNAs, is provided. Special emphasis is made on methodologies successfully applied to real clinical samples, unmet challenges or key points toward future research.
2D MXenes as Perspective Immobilization Platforms for Design of Electrochemical Nanobiosensors
Authors: Lorencova Lenka , Gajdosova Veronika , Hroncekova Stefania , Bertok Tomas , Blahutova Jana , Vikartovska Alica , Parrakova Lucia , Gemeiner Pavol , Kasak Peter , Tkac Jan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMXenes are a new group of 2D nanomaterials with fascinating properties including high electrical conductivity, hydrophilic nature, easily tunable structure and high surface area. This is why MXene modified interfaces are extremely promising for the preparation of sensitive electrochemical biosensors. While there are numerous reports on MXene‐based enzymatic biosensors for detection of a wide range of analytes, application of MXene for construction of affinity biosensors is in its infancy. The review article summarizes current state‐of the‐art in the field with a focus on MXene modifications needed for construction of robust and high performance MXene electrochemical biosensors.
Geothermal power generation in China: Status and prospects
Authors: Zhang Lei , Chen Shuai , Zhang Cun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGeothermal resources provide green, low‐carbon, and renewable clean energy, with abundant reserves and massive potential for application. The in‐depth analysis of geothermal resources in China, including their distribution and breakdown by shallow, hydrothermal, and hot dry rock (HDR) resources, is made in this study. Using the recent economic reports and state‐of‐the‐art technological solutions, this survey outlines the latest trends in the geothermal power generation in China. The application of geothermal power generation in China is still at an early stage, with the total installed capacity of 27.78 MW. The geothermal power generation technologies, such as dry steam technology, flash technology, binary cycle technology, and enhanced geothermal system (EGS), are briefly discussed and linked to their lucrative implementation sites. In particular, Tibet's Yangbajing is considered to be the most lucrative site for the EGS pilot project. The comparative analysis of low‐cost/large‐scale geothermal power generation technologies, such as low‐ to medium‐temperature one, solar‐geothermal hybrid one, and geothermal power generation in mines, was made, whose results strongly indicated the EGS technical and economical advantages. The concentration of 96% of China's population in the area to the east of Hu line affects the perspectives of high‐cost geothermal projects and has to be accounted in the comprehensive analysis of available data. Based on the revealed trends of geothermal resources’ development in China, the following guidelines are strongly recommended: comprehensive incorporation of geothermal energy generation into China's national energy and climate improvement plans, the rapid implementation of HDR technology, as well as comprehensive adaptation of the geothermal‐related projects to the local conditions/biased distribution of power consumers and state‐of‐the‐art challenges of power consumption.
Corporate risk exposures, disclosure, and derivatives use: A longitudinal study
Authors: Emm Ekaterina E. , Gay Gerald D. , Ren Honglin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe conduct firm and industry‐level examinations of key market risk exposures deemed material by managers over the period 2002–2016. We find that risk exposures have expanded in line with firms’ growth and globalization and that managers strategically select disclosure formats in recognition of firms’ demand for capital market access and need to protect proprietary information. Currency derivatives use has surpassed that of interest rate derivatives and, conditioned on a firm having the associated risk exposure, commodity derivatives use is the highest. Finally, we find large increases in risk exposures concurrent with the initiation of derivatives use.
A comprehensive review on miR‐451: A promising cancer biomarker with therapeutic potential
Authors: Khordadmehr Monireh , Jigari‐Asl Farinaz , Ezzati Hamed , Shahbazi Roya , Sadreddini Sanam , Safaei Sahar , Baradaran Behzad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are proposed as a family of short noncoding molecules able to manage and control the expression of the gene targets at the posttranscriptional level. They contribute in several fundamental physiological mechanisms as well as a verity of human and animal diseases such as cancer progression. Among these tiny RNAs, miR‐451 placed on chromosome 17 at 17q11.2 presents an essential role in many biological processes in health condition and also in pathogenesis of different diseases. Besides, it has been recently considered as a valuable biomarker for cancer detection, prognosis and treatment. Therefore, this review will provide the critical functions of miR‐451 on biological mechanisms including cell cycle and proliferation, cell survival and apoptosis, differentiation and development as well as disease initiation and progression such as tumor formation, migration, invasion, and metastasis.