bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trapping of Lipopolysaccharide to Promote Immunotherapy against Colorectal Cancer and Attenuate Liver Metastasis
Authors: Song Wantong , Tiruthani Karthik , Wang Ying , Shen Limei , Hu Mengying , Dorosheva Oleksandra , Qiu Kunyu , Kinghorn Karina A. , Liu Rihe , Huang Leaf 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) is closely related to gut microbiome. Here, the impact of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), one of the most prevalent products in the gut microbiome, on CRC immunotherapy is investigated. It is found that LPS is abundant in orthotopic CRC tissue and is associated with low responses to anti‐PD‐L1 mAb therapy, and clearance of Gram‐negative bacteria from the gut using polymyxin B (PmB) or blockade of Toll‐like receptor 4 using TAK‐242 will both relieve the immunosuppressive microenvironment and boost T‐cell infiltration into the CRC tumor. Further, an engineered LPS‐targeting fusion protein is designed and its coding sequence is loaded into a lipid–protamine–DNA (LPD) nanoparticle system for selective expression of LPS trap protein and blocking LPS inside the tumor, and this nanotrapping system significantly relieves the immunosuppressive microenvironment and boosts anti‐PD‐L1 mAb therapy against CRC tumors. This LPS trap system even attenuates CRC liver metastasis when applied, suggesting the importance of blocking LPS in the gut–liver axis. The strategy applied here may provide a useful new way for treating CRC as well as other epithelial cancers that interact with mucosa microbiome.
SnO2‐in‐Polymer Matrix for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Reproducibility and Stability
Authors: Wei Jing , Guo Fengwan , Wang Xi , Xu Kun , Lei Ming , Liang Yongqi , Zhao Yicheng , Xu Dongsheng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUnderstanding interfacial loss and the ways to improving interfacial property is critical to fabricate highly efficient and reproducible perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In SnO2‐based PSCs, nonradiative recombination sites at the SnO2–perovskite interface lead to a large potential loss and performance variation in the resulting photovoltaic devices. Here, a novel SnO2‐in‐polymer matrix (i.e., polyethylene glycol) is devised as the electron transporting layer to improve the film quality of the SnO2 electron transporting layer. The SnO2‐in‐polymer matrix is fabricated through spin‐coating a polymer‐incorporated SnO2 colloidal ink. The polymer is uniformly dispersed in SnO2 colloidal ink and promotes the nanoparticle disaggregation in the ink. Owing to polymer incorporation, the compactness and wetting property of SnO2 layer is significantly ameliorated. Finally, photovoltaic devices based on Cs0.05FA0.81MA0.14PbI2.55Br0.45 perovskite sandwiched between SnO2 and Spiro‐OMeTAD layer are fabricated. Compared with the averaging power conversion efficiency of 16.2% with 1.2% deviation for control devices, the optimized devices exhibit an improved averaging efficiency of 19.5% with 0.25% deviation. The conception of polymer incorporation in the electron transporting layer paves a way to further increase the performance of planar perovskite solar cells.
Phase Pure 2D Perovskite for High‐Performance 2D–3D Heterostructured Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Pengwei , Zhang Yiqiang , Liang Chao , Xing Guichuan , Liu Xiaolong , Li Fengyu , Liu Xiaotao , Hu Xiaotian , Shao Guosheng , Song Yanlin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) metal‐halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated exceptional high efficiency. However, instability of the 3D perovskite is the main challenge for industrialization. Incorporation of some long organic cations into perovskite crystal to terminate the lattice, and function as moisture and oxygen passivation layer and ion migration blocking layer, is proven to be an effective method to enhance the perovskite stability. Unfortunately, this method typically sacrifices charge‐carrier extraction efficiency of the perovskites. Even in 2D–3D vertically aligned heterostructures, a spread of bandgaps in the 2D due to varying degrees of quantum confinement also results in charge‐carrier localization and carrier mobility reduction. A trade‐off between the power conversion efficiency and stability is made. Here, by introducing 2D C6H18N2O2PbI4 (EDBEPbI4) microcrystals into the precursor solution, the grain boundaries of the deposited 3D perovskite film are vertically passivated with phase pure 2D perovskite. The phases pure (inorganic layer number n = 1) 2D perovskite can minimize photogenerated charge‐carrier localization in the low‐dimensional perovskite. The dominant vertical alignment does not affect charge‐carrier extraction. Therefore, high‐efficiency (21.06%) and ultrastable (retain 90% of the initial efficiency after 3000 h in air) planar PSCs are demonstrated with these 2D–3D mixtures.
A Stretchable and Self‐Healing Energy Storage Device Based on Mechanically and Electrically Restorative Liquid‐Metal Particles and Carboxylated Polyurethane Composites
Authors: Park Sangbaek , Thangavel Gurunathan , Parida Kaushik , Li Shaohui , Lee Pooi See 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStretchable and self‐healing (SH) energy storage devices are indispensable elements in energy‐autonomous electronic skin. However, the current collectors are not self‐healable nor intrinsically stretchable, they mostly rely on strain‐accommodating structures that require complex processing, are often limited in stretchability, and suffer from low device packing density and fragility. Here, an SH conductor comprising nickel flakes, eutectic gallium indium particles (EGaInPs), and carboxylated polyurethane (CPU) is presented. An energy storage device is constructed by the two SH electrodes assembled with graphene nanoplatelets sandwiching an ionic‐liquid electrolyte. An excellent electrochemical healability (94% capacity retention upon restretching at 100% after healing from bifurcation) is unveiled, stemming from the complexation modulated redox behavior of EGaIn in the presence of the ligand bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, which enhances the reversible Faradaic reaction of Ga. Self‐healing can be achieved where the damaged regions are electrically restored by the flow of liquid metal and mechanically healing activated by the interfacial hydrogen bonding of CPU with an efficiency of 97.5% can be achieved. The SH conductor has an initial conductivity of 2479 S cm−1 that attains a high stretchability with 700% strain, it restores 100% stretchability even after breaking/healing with the electrical healing efficiency of 75%.
Encapsulating Iridium Nanoparticles Inside a 3D Cage‐Like Organic Network as an Efficient and Durable Catalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Mahmood Javeed , Anjum Mohsin Ali Raza , Shin Sun‐Hee , Ahmad Ishfaq , Noh Hyuk‐Jun , Kim Seok‐Jin , Jeong Hu Young , Lee Jae Sung , Baek Jong‐Beom 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDeveloping efficient and durable electrocatalysts is key to optimizing the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), currently one of the cleanest and most sustainable routes for producing hydrogen. Here, a unique and efficient approach to fabricate and embed uniformly dispersed Ir nanoparticles in a 3D cage‐like organic network (CON) structure is reported. These uniformly trapped Ir nanoparticles within the 3D CON (Ir@CON) effectively catalyze the HER process. The Ir@CON electrocatalyst exhibits high turnover frequencies of 0.66 and 0.20 H2 s−1 at 25 mV and small overpotentials of 13.6 and 13.5 mV while generating a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 m H2SO4 and 1.0 m KOH aqueous solutions, respectively, as compared to commercial Pt/C (18 and 23 mV) and Ir/C (20.7 and 28.3 mV). More importantly, the catalyst shows superior stability in both acidic and alkaline media. These results highlight a potentially powerful approach for the design and synthesis of efficient and durable electrocatalysts for HER.
An Unprecedented Organocascade Synthesis of Functionalized Bicyclic Nitrones from 2‐Aminomalonate Derived Nucleophiles and 1‐Nitro‐1,3‐Enynes via Allenes Formation and Subsequent Rearrangement
Authors: Huang Wan‐Yun , Gurubrahamam Ramani , Chen Kwunmin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn efficient organocatalytic cascade reaction for synthesising functionalized bicyclic nitrones is reported. The reaction of dielectrophilic ethyl 2‐(nitromethylene)‐4‐arylbut‐3‐ynoate and (E)‐diethyl 2‐((2‐hydroxybenzylidene)‐amino)malonates to give a unique nitrone scaffold in the presence of a catalytic amount of DABCO is described. The working mechanism was proposed to proceed with allene formation followed by intramolecular cyclization and the rearrangement of an oxygen atom in the nitro group. A broad range of substrates was accessed in this facile chemical transformation, in which the bicyclic nitrones were isolated in moderate to good yields (19% to 79%) with excellent diastereoselectivity (>20:1 dr).magnified image
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐(2‐Acetoxyalkyl)isoquinolones from Oxazolines and Alkynes through C−N Bond Formation and Ring‐Opening
Authors: Yang Zi , Jie Lianghua , Yao Zhenyu , Yang Zhimin , Cui Xiuling 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn atom‐economic approach for the synthesis of N‐(2‐acetoxyalkyl)isoquinolones from oxazolines and alkynes through rhodium(III)‐catalyzed auto‐tandem reactions involving C−H bond functionalization/C−N bond formation/ring opening/nucleophilic substitution is described. This protocol features high regioselectivity, tolerance of various functional groups, and retention of absolute configuration of chirality. Exploration of the reaction mechanism reveals that Cu(OAc)2 not only acts as the oxidant, but also provides acetate to promote the reaction in this process.magnified image
“Real‐time” risk models of postoperative morbidity and mortality for liver transplants
Authors: Marubashi Shigeru , Ichihara Naoaki , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Miyata Hiroaki , Taketomi Akinobu , Egawa Hiroto , Takada Yasutsugu , Umeshita Koji , Seto Yasuyuki , Gotoh Mitsukazu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimA comprehensive description of morbidity and mortality risk factors for post liver transplant has not been available to date. In this study, we established real‐time risk models of postoperative morbidities and mortality in liver transplant recipients using two Japanese nationwide databases.MethodsData from two Japanese nationwide databases were combined and used for this study. We developed real‐time prognostic models for morbidity and mortality from a derivation cohort (n = 1472) and validated the findings with an independent cohort (n = 395). Preoperative variables (C1), preoperative and intraoperative variables (C2), and all variables including postoperative morbidities within 30 days (C3) were analyzed to evaluate the independent risk factors for postoperative morbidity and mortality.ResultsWe established real‐time risk models for morbidity and mortality. Areas under the curve (AUC) of C1 and C2 risk models for mortality were 0.74 (0.63‐0.82) and 0.79 (0.69‐0.86), respectively. Multivariate logistic analysis using C3 showed that hemoglobin <10 g/dL, operative time (hours), and five postoperative morbidities (prolonged ventilation >48 hours, coma >24 hours, renal dysfunction, postoperative systemic sepsis, and serum total bilirubin ≥10 mg/dL) represented independent risk factors for mortality (AUC = 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78‐0.93).ConclusionsReal‐time risk models of postoperative morbidities and mortality at various perioperative time points in liver transplant recipients were established. These novel approaches may improve postoperative outcomes of liver transplant recipients. Furthermore, these real‐time risk models may be applicable to other surgical procedures.
Salivary steroid hormone responses to dyadic table tennis competitions among Hong Kongese juvenile boys
Authors: McHale Timothy S. , Gray Peter B. , Chan Ka‐chun , Zava David T. , Chee Wai‐chi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesLittle is known about salivary steroid hormone responses to dyadic competition among prepubescent boys. The current study explored pre‐match and post‐match testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione, and cortisol among 22 ethnically Chinese, Hong Kongese table tennis athletes, aged 8‐11 years, during dyadic competition against peers. These data provide novel comparative insight into boys' hormone responses when participating in similar forms of competition to that of adults.MethodsMeasures of salivary steroid hormones, age, outcome, and participant's self‐reported perceived performance were obtained. Pre‐match salivary steroid hormones and competition‐induced steroid hormone changes were explored to further assess overall hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis activity.ResultsCortisol decreased for most participants, whereas testosterone measures were below the sensitivity of the assay. DHEA and androstenedione did not significantly change during the table tennis exhibitions and were unrelated to independent performance variables. Correlational analyses indicated that competition‐induced androstenedione and cortisol change were positively related.ConclusionsFindings show that juvenile boys' steroid hormone responses during dyadic athletic competition differ in comparison to adult males, in whom cortisol and testosterone tend to rise. Lack of significant DHEA and androstenedione change during the table tennis competition differs from our previous work that showed DHEA and androstenedione were sensitive to more physically taxing forms of athletic competition (eg, soccer). These results are discussed in light of potential factors that may have contributed to these differences.
Evaluation of toolbox safety training in construction: The impact of narratives
Authors: Eggerth Donald E. , Keller Brenna M. , Cunningham Thomas R. , Flynn Michael A. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundConstruction is a dangerous industry with a large number of small businesses. Because they require minimal resources to deliver, toolbox talks may be an ideal training format for small construction contractors.MethodsEight toolbox talks were developed, each with two versions. One version of each toolbox talk was standard and one version included a narrative and discussion questions. Participants were randomly assigned to receive the standard or the narrative version. Pre‐ and post‐intervention surveys measured demographics, workplace safety climate, and knowledge. The post‐intervention survey also measured training impact.ResultsIncluding narratives with discussion questions significantly increased knowledge gain and led to increased training impact. Less experienced workers were more likely to gain knowledge and training impact compared to more experienced workers. There were no significant changes in workplace safety climate.ConclusionsThe results suggest that including a narrative and discussion questions increases toolbox talk effectiveness.
Self‐Assembled Aptamer‐Grafted Hyperbranched Polymer Nanocarrier for Targeted and Photoresponsive Drug Delivery
Authors: Yang Lu , Sun Hao , Liu Yuan , Hou Weijia , Yang Yu , Cai Ren , Cui Cheng , Zhang Penghui , Pan Xiaoshu , Li Xiaowei , Li Long , Sumerlin Brent S. , Tan Weihong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPhotoresponsive materials are emerging as ideal carriers for precisely controlled drug delivery owing to their high spatiotemporal selectivity. However, drawbacks such as slow release kinetics, inherent toxicity, and lack of targeting ability hinder their translation into clinical use. We constructed a new DNA aptamer‐grafted photoresponsive hyperbranched polymer, which can self‐assemble into nanoparticles, thereby achieving biocompatibility and target specificity, as well as light‐controllable release behavior. Upon UV‐irradiation, rapid release induced by disassembly was observed for Nile Red‐loaded nanoparticles. Further in vitro cell studies confirmed this delivery system's specific binding and internalization performance arising from the DNA aptamer corona. The DOX‐loaded nanoassembly exhibited selective phototriggered cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, indicating its promising therapeutic effect as a smart drug delivery system.
Variation in the cuticular hydrocarbons of the Mexican fruit fly Anastrepha ludens males between strains and age classes
Authors: Bosa Carlos‐Felipe , Cruz‐López Leopoldo , Guillén‐Navarro Karina , Zepeda‐Cisneros Cristina Silvia , Liedo Pablo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) were characterized from wings of individual unmated males of different Anastrepha ludens (Loew) mass‐reared strains of different ages (3 and 19‐day‐old): (a) a standard mass‐reared colony (control), (b) a genetic sexing strain, (c) a selected strain, (d) a hybrid strain, and (e) wild males. We found that the hydrocarbon profiles in all males included two n‐alkanes, five monomethyl alkanes, and two alkenes. CHCs ranged from C26 to C31. The most prominent peaks were 2‐methyloctacosane (2‐Me‐C28), n‐nonacosene (C29:1), 2‐methyltriacontane (2‐Me‐C30), and n‐hentriacontene (C31:1). Significant variations in the CHC amounts of the mass‐reared strains were observed from Day 9 and thereafter. Comparison of CHCs using multivariate and canonical analyses across ages and among mass‐reared strains and wild males revealed qualitative and quantitative differences. The relative amounts of C29:1 and 2‐Me‐C30 were significantly higher across age groups in the mass‐reared strains than those in the wild males. In contrast, amounts of n‐nonacosane (C29) significantly increased in wild males as they aged. Through statistical analyses, we inferred that CHC amounts vary with age. Wild males differed significantly from the mass‐reared strains in the amount of C29, and the genetic sexing strain Tap‐7 had significantly higher values for 2‐methylhexacosane (2‐Me‐C26). In contrast the selected and control strain differed from the other strains in amounts of C29:1 and 2‐Me‐C30. We suggest that differential profiles in hydrocarbon composition among the strains may be mainly due to environmental pressures.
Bewertung statischer p‐y‐Ansätze für lateral belastete Pfähle in weichem Ton
Authors: Terceros Mauricio , Thieken Klaus , Achmus Martin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFür die Bemessung lateral belasteter Offshore‐Pfähle kommt üblicherweise die in den Offshore‐Richtlinien empfohlene p‐y‐Methode zur Anwendung. Die hierin beschriebenen p‐y‐Kurven für weichen Ton basieren auf einem exponentiellen Ansatz nach Matlock, wobei jeweils unterschiedliche Linearisierungen in den Richtlinien der API und des DNVGL empfohlen werden. Verschiedene experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen zeigen jedoch relevante Unzulänglichkeiten der beschriebenen Grundfunktion insbesondere im Hinblick auf deren Gültigkeit für Pfähle großer Durchmesser. Aus diesen Untersuchungen sind in der Vergangenheit bereits mehrere alternative p‐y‐Ansätze entstanden, welche explizit den Einfluss des großen Pfahldurchmessers berücksichtigen sollen. Der vorliegende Artikel beinhaltet eine umfassende Bewertung von insgesamt sechs statischen p‐y‐Methoden für weichen Ton, basierend auf mehr als 300 dreidimensionalen Simulationen mit der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass sowohl der Ansatz nach Matlock, die linearen Approximationen des Matlock‐Ansatzes gemäß der API und dem DNVGL als auch drei alternative Ansätze als nicht generell gültig für beliebige Bodenbedingungen und Pfahlgeometrien zu bewerten sind. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden abschließend zur Definition von Anforderungen an einen neuen, generell anwendbaren p‐y‐Ansatz genutzt.
Gefährdungsanalysen und Einwirkungsmodelle für Gebiete mit vorwiegend induzierter Seismizität
Authors: Schwarz Jochen , Kaufmann Christian , Golbs Christian , Beinersdorf Silke 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDie seismische Gefährdung in den nördlichen Niederlanden wird ausschließlich durch die induzierten Erdbeben infolge der Gasförderung verursacht. Im Feld Groningen hat sich die Erdbebenaktivität nachweislich erhöht. Die aus den registrierten Erdbeben abgeleiteten Magnituden‐Häufigkeits‐Beziehungen mussten infolge der Erdbebenaktivität mehrfach (nach oben) korrigiert werden. Zudem sind mit dem Magnitude ML = 3,4 Erdbeben vom 16. Aug. 2012 bei Huizinge Ereignisse ausgelöst worden, die die bisherigen Prognosen der max. zu erwartenden Bebenstärke übertreffen. Dies führte zur Entscheidung, an ausgewählten Standorten ein seismisches Monitoring‐System (SMS) einzuführen und die induzierten seismischen Ereignisse in ihren Wirkungen und Kenngrößen zu dokumentieren bzw. die Datenbasis (Messdaten) in Richtung einer stationsbezogenen und standortspezifischen Datenbank zu erweitern.Der Beitrag bezieht sich auf die herdnahen Messdaten von zwei Stationen und einen kontinuierlichen mehrjährigen Messzeitraum. Mit den registrierten Beben gelingt der Nachweis, in welcher Amplitudencharakteristik seismische Bodenbewegungen aufgetreten sind. Der Datengewinn ist so überzeugend, dass mit den gewonnenen Registrierungen frühzeitig standortspezifische Bodenbewegungsmodelle (Induced Ground Motion Prediction Equations, InGMPE) vorgelegt werden können. Mit ihnen können Horizontal‐ und Vertikalspektren für beliebige Szenarien prognostiziert werden.In Ergänzung dazu wird eine Simulationsmethode zur probabilistischen seismischen Gefährdungsanalyse erprobt, in der die Besonderheiten induzierter Seismizität als Probabilistic Equivalent Induced Seismic Hazard Assessment (PEISHA) berücksichtigt werden. Die im Untersuchungsgebiet nördliche Niederlande gewonnenen Erfahrungen können grundsätzlich auf andere Regionen übertragen werden.
Validierung eines hochzyklischen Akkumulationsmodells anhand von Modellversuchen und Messungen an realen Bauwerken
Authors: Wichtmann Torsten , Machaček Jan , Zachert Hauke , Günther Helen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDer vorliegende Beitrag fasst langjährige experimentelle und numerische Arbeiten am Institut für Bodenmechanik und Felsmechanik (IBF) des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) zusammen, mit denen das Ziel verfolgt wurde, das hochzyklische Akkumulationsmodell von Niemunis et al. (2005) für Sand zu validieren. Zunächst wird die zutreffende Wiedergabe der Ergebnisse dränierter zyklischer Triaxialversuche durch das Akkumulationsmodell demonstriert. Anschließend werden Finite‐Elemente‐Nachrechnungen von Modellversuchen an Monopilegründungen für Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen mit unterschiedlichen Maßstäben beschrieben. Für eine Validierung im Maßstab 1:1 wurde zunächst der Versuch der Ed. Züblin AG nachgerechnet, bei dem ein Prototyp einer aufgelösten Flachgründung für Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen durch simulierte Sturmereignisse zyklisch beansprucht wurde. Als weiteres gut dokumentiertes Randwertproblem im Maßstab 1:1 wurde die Schleuse Uelzen I betrachtet, bei der die zyklische Beanspruchung des Untergrunds aus den wechselnden Füllständen innerhalb der Schleusenkammer resultiert. Für alle untersuchten Randwertprobleme wird die Ermittlung der Eingangsgrößen der Simulationen, d. h. der Stoffkonstanten und der Zustandsparameter des Bodens erläutert, welche auf der Basis von Labor‐ bzw. Felduntersuchungen erfolgte. Die Ergebnisse der Finite‐Elemente‐Simulationen der verschiedenen Randwertprobleme werden den jeweiligen Labor‐ bzw. Feldmessungen gegenübergestellt.