bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Organic Blue Electroluminescent Materials and Devices with Mesoscopic Structures
Authors: Bian Mengying , Chen Zhijian , Qu Bo , Xiao Lixin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDue to the difficulty in achieving high efficiency and high color purity simultaneously, blue emission is the limiting factor for the performance and stability of OLEDs. Since 2003, we have been working on organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), especially on blue light. After a series of molecular designs, novel strategies have been proposed from different aspects. At first, highly efficient deep blue emission could be achieved through molecular design with highly twisted structure to suppress fluorescence quenching and redshift. Deep blue emitters with high efficiency in solid state, a twisted structure with aggregation induced emission (AIE) characteristics was incorporated to inhibit molecular aggregation, and triplet‐triplet fusion (TTF) and hybridized localized charge transfer (HLCT) were adopted to increase the ratio of triplet exciton used. Secondly, a highly efficient blue OLED could be achieved through improving charge transport. New electron transport materials (ETMs) with wide band gap were developed to control charge transport balance in devices. Thirdly, a highly efficient deep blue emission could be achieved through a mesoscopic structure of out‐coupling layer. A mesoscopic photonic structured organic thin film was fabricated on the top of metal electrode by self‐aggregation in order to improve the light out‐coupling efficiency.
Cover Image, Volume 9, Issue 6
Authors: Cruz‐Reyes Jorge , Mooers Blaine H. M. , Doharey Pawan K. , Meehan Joshua , Gulati Shelly 
Published: October 2018

The cover image is based on the Advanced Review Dynamic RNA holo‐editosomes with subcomplex variants: Insights into the control of trypanosome editing by Jorge Cruz‐Reyes et al., DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1502.
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Phases of inflation
Authors: Shiu Gary , Staessens Wieland 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMotivated by the 4d effective field theories for closed string axions in Type II string compactifications with D-branes, we consider chiral gauge theories coupled to multiple axions. We discuss how well-known non-perturbative dynamical phenomena, such as gauge instantons, fermion confinement and Nambu-Jona-Lasinio interactions, give rise to non-trivial vacuum configurations in the IR. The fluctuations about the IR vacuum are captured by some remaining closed string axions and infladrons (scalar chiral condensate excitations), which acquire dynamical masses. By employing the full power of the effective field theory, we investigate the applicability of these IR theories as inflationary models (natural, monodromy, Starobinsky) and connect different types of inflationary scenarios to different phases of the non-Abelian gauge theory or the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio four-fermion couplings. The back-reaction of the infladrons flattens the axion potential in natural-like inflationary models, such that the tension with current CMB data with respect to the spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio can be partially alleviated.
Small Fatigue Crack Growth Mechanisms and Interfacial Stability in Cold-Spray 6061 Aluminum Alloys and Coatings
Authors: Gavras Anastasios G. , Lados Diana A. , Champagne Victor K. , Warren Robert J. , Singh Dileep 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Cold-spray-processed aluminum alloys have static mechanical properties superior to those of aerospace cast alloys, and similar to those of their wrought counterparts, making them good candidates for structural applications. However, their broad and confident use relies upon systematic fatigue crack growth studies to investigate and demonstrate the materials’ performance in critical high-integrity components. In this work, the fatigue crack growth behavior in early stages (small crack growth regime) was investigated for cold-spray processed 6061 aluminum alloys and coatings, at stress ratio R = 0.1, in room temperature laboratory air. The effects of the characteristic microstructure and initial flaw size on the fatigue crack growth response were systematically examined, and the crack growth mechanisms at the microstructural scale were established and compared to those of long cracks. The mechanical interfacial stability of coatings was examined in cold-spray 6061–rolled 6061-T6 couples. An original method of quantifying the deposition–substrate interfacial strength, and correlating it to the response under cyclic loading via crack-interface stability maps, was developed. The proposed methodology is based on combined scratch testing and fracture mechanics formulations, and failure at the coating–substrate interface can be predicted for any crack growth scenario under cyclic loading. The method can be broadly used for the design and optimization of cold-spray and other coatings, as well as in structural repair.
Elevated CSF GAP‐43 is Alzheimer's disease specific and associated with tau and amyloid pathology
Authors: Sandelius Åsa , Portelius Erik , Källén Åsa , Zetterberg Henrik , Rot Uros , Olsson Bob , Toledo Jon B. , Shaw Leslie M. , Lee Virginia M. Y. , Irwin David J. , Grossman Murray , Weintraub Daniel , Chen‐Plotkin Alice , Wolk David A. , McCluskey Leo , Elman Lauren , Kostanjevecki Vesna , Vandijck Manu , McBride Jennifer , Trojanowski John Q. , Blennow Kaj 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe level of the presynaptic protein growth‐associated protein 43 (GAP‐43) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has previously been shown to be increased in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and thus may serve as an outcome measure in clinical trials and facilitate earlier disease detection.MethodsWe developed an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for CSF GAP‐43 and measured healthy controls (n = 43), patients with AD (n = 275), or patients with other neurodegenerative diseases (n = 344). In a subpopulation (n = 93), CSF GAP‐43 concentrations from neuropathologically confirmed cases were related to Aβ plaques, tau, α‐synuclein, and TDP‐43 pathologies.ResultsGAP‐43 was significantly increased in AD compared to controls and most neurodegenerative diseases and correlated with the magnitude of neurofibrillary tangles and Aβ plaques in the hippocampus, amygdala, and cortex. GAP‐43 was not associated to α‐synuclein or TDP‐43 pathology.DiscussionThe presynaptic marker GAP‐43 is associated with both diagnosis and neuropathology of AD and thus may be useful as a sensitive and specific biomarker for clinical research.
Which way to turn? Is the Haua Fteah a Levantine site?
Authors: Reynolds Tim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecent work has shown early modern human occupation at Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, dating as far back as MIS 9 (337–300 Ka). Such early dates double the period in which modern humans were present in North Africa, with implications for several key debates on modern human origins and subsequent spread. Routes across a ‘Green Sahara’ allowed population movement intermittently from sub-Saharan Africa and across the Saharan region in general. This has implications for the debate about the timing and routes of modern human expansion across and out of Africa, but also has the effect of focusing discussion on the archaeological record of sub-Saharan Africa and even Arabia for evidence of human behaviour and adaptations. This may be unfortunate as the record for much of the vast area of sub-Saharan Africa and Arabia is extremely limited and the more detailed record of the Levantine region is overlooked. Work at the Haua Fteah and in its surrounding region (Cyrenaican Libya) provides an opportunity to investigate how far the Palaeolithic record for this part of North Africa is, in fact, a product of trans-Saharan, North African or Levantine, influences. The genetic evidence suggests the process of modern human expansion out of Africa, and just as importantly within Africa itself, was a complex one that may have involved population movements into and out of North Africa from several different directions. A concentration upon the Green Sahara hypothesis may distract current research from this broader picture.
The periphery of Lepcis Magna: new data related to the ancient road network and land partition
Authors: Zocchi Andrea 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis contribution offers a new reading of the ancient landscape of the periphery of Lepcis Magna thanks mainly to the data from the survey campaigns carried out by the Archaeological Mission of Roma Tre University (2007–13) together with new archival research and GIS analysis. The new data are related to the road network of the Lepcitanian territory and its inner suburban areas. They include both the already known routes (essentially the coastalvia publicaand thevia in mediterraneum) and new roads here presented merging the new information with the already published archaeological evidence. Beside the road network, a new topographic reading of the south-east suburb shows also traces of an ancient land partition based on Roman measurements. This latter discovery would represent, up to now, the first evidence of a cadastrian land partition in Tripolitania.
Recherches sur la résurgence du vocabulaire sémitique dans le langage religieux des provinces romaines d'Afrique : le cas du terme moctor
Authors: Naddari Lotfi , Hamrouni Mohamed Riadh 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAmong the members of a religious college revealed by a monumental Latin inscription recently discovered in the medina of Sousse (Hadrumetum, Proconsular Africa), there is a member in charge of moctor. This is in fact an unprecedented function among the clergy of the temples of the Roman-African cities. It seems to have been formed from the Semitic consonantal skeleton KTR or QTR, which we find in KTRT (incense) and QTRT (perfume) words. Thus, it is quite possible that moctor is a nominal Semitic form of the root KTR / QTR prefixed with M to designate in the Phoenicio-Punic etymology the ‘offering to incense’. This evidence of a function of Semitic origin in a Latin inscription is not unusual when one understands the privileged place occupied by incense in rituals of Punic and Oriental cults. Similarly, the presence of this function is not surprising in a city with a significant Phoenician-Punic foundation and heritage. If this comparison is plausible, we will have here additional evidence of the resurgence of the religious vocabulary of Semitic origin among the religious language of the Roman provinces of Africa.
The right to choose treatment-without-treatment: respecting civil rights or an unprecedented manifestation of ‘reverse stigma’?
Authors: Fountoulakis Konstantinos N , Souliotis Kyriakos 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecently the Norwegian Health Minister ordered the creation of medication-free treatment wards as a result of the lobbying by patients’ groups and activists. The idea behind this is that patients should have the right to choose their treatment, but for the first time, with this arrangement, the user/patient does not choose between treatment options; he literally determines by himself what efficacious treatment is. In our opinion this is another step towards a ‘reverse stigma’ which denies patients the right to be considered as such and eventually kicks them out of the health care system, deprives them of the right for proper treatment and care and instead puts them at the jurisdiction of the much cheaper and ineffective social services.
Impact of dietary macronutrient profile on feline body weight is not consistent with the protein leverage hypothesis
Authors: Allaway David , de Alvaro Carlos H. , Hewson-Hughes Adrian , Staunton Ruth , Morris Penelope , Alexander Janet 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe protein leverage hypothesis proposes that the need to prioritise protein intake drives excess energy intake (EI) when the dietary ratio of protein to fat and carbohydrate is reduced. We hypothesised that cats may become prone to overconsuming energy content when moderate protein diets were offered, and considered the potential influence of fat and carbohydrate on intake. To determine the effect of dietary protein and macronutrient profile (MNP) on EI, weight and body composition, cats (1–4 years) were offered food in excess of energy requirements (ER). A total of six diets were formulated, containing moderate (approximately 7 % w/w; approximately 22 % metabolisable energy (ME)) or high (approximately 10 % w/w; approximately 46 % ME) protein and varying levels of carbohydrate and fat. For 4 weeks, 120 cats were offered 100 % of their individual ER of a diet at the MNP selected by adult cats (50:40:10 protein energy ratio:fat energy ratio:carbohydrate energy ratio). EI, body weight (BW), body composition, activity and palatability were measured. Subsequently, cats were offered one of the six diets at 200 % of their individual ER for 4 weeks when measurements were repeated. Cats offered excess high protein diets had higher EI (kJ/kg) throughout, but at 4 weeks BW was not significantly different to baseline. Cats offered excess moderate protein diets reduced EI and gradually lost weight (average loss of 0·358 (99 % CI 0·388, 0·328) kg), irrespective of fat:carbohydrate and initial palatability. The data do not support the protein leverage hypothesis. Furthermore, cats were able to adapt intake of a wet diet with high protein in an overfeeding environment within 28 d.
VANISHING OF (CO)HOMOLOGY OVER DEFORMATIONS OF COHEN-MACAULAY LOCAL RINGS OF MINIMAL MULTIPLICITY
Authors: GHOSH DIPANKAR , PUTHENPURAKAL TONY J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLet R be a d-dimensional Cohen–Macaulay (CM) local ring of minimal multiplicity. Set S := R/(f), where f := f1,. . .,fc is an R-regular sequence. Suppose M and N are maximal CM S-modules. It is shown that if ExtSi(M, N) = 0 for some (d + c + 1) consecutive values of i ⩾ 2, then ExtSi(M, N) = 0 for all i ⩾ 1. Moreover, if this holds true, then either projdimR(M) or injdimR(N) is finite. In addition, a counterpart of this result for Tor-modules is provided. Furthermore, we give a number of necessary and sufficient conditions for a CM local ring of minimal multiplicity to be regular or Gorenstein. These conditions are based on vanishing of certain Exts or Tors involving homomorphic images of syzygy modules of the residue field.
Effects of crop rotation and sheep grazing management on the seedbank and emerged weed flora under a no-tillage integrated crop-livestock system
Authors: Schuster M. Z. , Harrison S. K. , de Moraes A. , Sulc R. M. , Carvalho P. C. F. , Lang C. R. , Anghinoni I. , Lustosa S. B. C. , Gastal F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEffective integrated weed management in agricultural landscapes depends on the ability to identify and manage processes that drive weed dynamics. The current study reports the effects of grazing management and crop rotation strategies on the seedbank and emerged weed flora in an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS) experiment during a 12-year period under no-tillage in sub-tropical southern Brazil. During winter, Italian ryegrass cover crops were grazed by sheep: grazing management treatments included two stocking methods (continuous and rotational) and two forage allowances (10 and 20 kg of herbage dry matter available per 100 kg animal live weight). During summer, the crop rotation treatments involved either soybean-maize or soybean-soybean in succession with winter-grazed cover crops. The treatments were part of a factorial randomized complete block design. Treatment effects were evaluated on the weed seedbank and emerged weed flora populations during winter-grazed cover crop and summer crop growth as well as during the harvest phase. The current results demonstrate that crop rotation and grazing management exhibited interactive effects on the determination of weed outcomes in an ICLS. However, overall, compared with moderate forage allowance, high forage allowance during the winter-grazed cover crop caused lower emerged weed flora in subsequent crops (20% reduction during crop growth and 90% reduction at crop harvest) and 48% reduction in seedbank size. High forage allowance promoted more residue from winter-grazed cover crop biomass, which remained during the summer crop phases and probably resulted in a physical barrier to weed emergence.
The alcohol dehydrogenase with a broad range of substrate specificity regulates vitality and reproduction of the plant-parasitic nematodeBursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Wang Linsong , Zhang Tingting , Pan Zhengsong , Lin Lulu , Dong Guoqing , Wang Min , Li Ronggui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPine wilt disease, which is caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN),Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, has caused huge damage to pine forests around the world. In this study, we analysed the PWN transcriptome to investigate the expression of genes related to the associated bacterial speciesPseudomonas fluorescensand found that the geneadh-1 encoding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was upregulated. The open reading frame ofadh-1, which encoded a protein of 352 amino acid residues, was cloned fromB. xylophilus. Recombinant ADH with a relative molecular weight of 39 kDa, was present mainly in inclusion bodies and was overexpressed inEscherichia coliBL21 (DE3) and purified after refolding. The biochemical assay revealed that recombinant ADH could catalyse the dehydrogen reaction of eight tested alcohols including ethanol in the presence of NAD+. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that ethanol upregulatedadh-1 expression in PWN. Results of RNA interference and inhibition of ADH treatment indicated that downregulating expression ofadh-1 or inhibition of ADH could reduce ethanol tolerance and the vitality and reproduction ability ofB. xylophilus, suggesting thatadh-1 is involved in pathogenicity of PWN.
Middle-aged women negotiating the ageing process through participation in outdoor adventure activities
Authors: Wharton C. Yvette 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study sought to examine the motivations middle-aged women give for belonging to an outdoor adventure group. As part of this, how the women were negotiating the ageing process was also examined. Fourteen women aged 36–64 (average age 51.4 years) were individually interviewed with the purpose of exploring their perceptions, values, motivations and the beliefs they attach to their participation. Findings highlight the women's belief that participation delays the ageing process, gives them confidence in their lives and offers social support from other group members. In addition, pride, satisfaction and pleasure were expressed in the belief that they challenged the cultural norms and expectations of older women. Whilst delaying the ageing process, they also highlighted that they thought about a time in the future when they would not be able to continue to participate. The study emphasises that more adventurous activities are becoming more normalised and can be undertaken by women in middle age. This may also suggest that more needs to be done to promote diverse activities such as outdoor adventurous activities to women.
THE WORLD BANK LENDING AND NON-LENDING TO LATIN AMERICA: THE CASE OF ARGENTINA, 1971-1976
Authors: Kedar Claudia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThrough the analysis of Argentina-World Bank (WB) relations between 1971 and 1976, this article examines how democracies and dictatorships, as well as political and economic constraints did (or did not) impact WB lending to Latin America. This period is especially revealing. Between May 1971 and September 1976, the WB did not grant any new loans to Argentina, thereby generating an exceptional and unusually long break in WB lending to the country. Drawing on previously undisclosed files from the WB Archives and additional primary sources from Argentina and the United States, this article unveils the actual mechanisms, criteria and justification that stood behind the decision to lend or not to lend to Argentina. It maintains that the WB’s self-imposed principle of «neutrality» played a crucial role in facilitating the WB’s relations with Argentina during the politically and economically unstable early 1970s.
Kossoviella timanicaPetrosjan emend. from the Upper Devonian of North Timan: morphology and spore ultrastructure
Authors: Orlova Olga A. , Zavialova Natalia , Snigirevsky Sergey , Jurina Aleftina , Lidskaya Anna 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe morphology of sterile and fertile structures (terminal strobili) of the Upper Devonian heterosporous lycopsidKossoviella timanicaPetrosjan 1984 from northern Russia (North Timan) is re-described: the axes are dichotomously branched; sterile leaves are narrow with smooth margins; the transition from sterile axes to strobili is gradual; the strobili are narrow and cylindrical, occasionally dichotomously branched; sporophylls are long, lanceolate, with crenulated margins; megasporangia with thin, mostly destroyed, sporangium walls contain one or two tetrads of large megaspores without a gula; numerous microspore tetrads are present in the microsporangia; both mega- and microspores are cavate, with a two-layered sporoderm; the outer layer of the sporoderm of both mega- and microspores consists of a net of intertwined cylindrical elements; the inner layer of the megaspore sporoderm is a basal lamina; and the inner homogeneous layer of the microspore sporoderm is split into multilamellate zones near the arms of the proximal scar. A comparison between abortive and fertile megaspores, some of which apparently were not completely mature, allows us to hypothesise that the enlargement and lateral stretching of structural units of the sporoderm, and the spaces between them, took place during the final stages of ontogenesis of megaspores along with the additional accumulation of amorphous sporopollenin. Both layers of the megaspore sporoderm, as well as the cavity between them, developed early in the ontogenesis. AlthoughKossoviella timanicawas certainly a unique Late Devonian plant, it bears some resemblance to the Givetian heterosporous, bisporangiate lycopsidYuguangia ordinatain having dichotomously branching axes, sporophylls with spiny margins and strobili with proximal megasporangia and distal microsporangia.Kossoviella timanicais also similar to the Famennian bisporangiate lycopsidBisporangiostrobus harrisiiin lacking a ligula and in having dichotomously branching strobili with proximal megasporangia and distal microsporangia.