bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Computational Fluid Dynamics Model of Biological Heat and Gas Generation in a Dairy Holding Area
Authors: Drewry Jessica L. , Mondaca Mario R. , Luck Brian D. , Choi Christopher Y. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract.The design and operation of ventilation systems for animal housing is a crucial component in maintaining a suitable environment for both animals and workers by removing heat, moisture, and gas species. However, important design and operational criteria, such as profiles of velocity and extent of mixing within animal housing, can be difficult to study experimentally. Thus, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a commercial dairy holding area, including the generation of transport of heat and gas species within the domain, was developed. The animal-occupied zone (AOZ) was modeled using porous media. The model was evaluated with experimental data of velocity and gas concentration. Results indicated that the airflow uniformity and air speed could be increased within the holding area by modifying the configuration of the side curtain openings and using concrete walls to guide airflow; a 20% increase in average velocity within the AOZ was achieved. Results of the CFD model have shown it to be an effective tool for gaining insight into the complex mixing patterns within holding areas to improve the design of animal housing. Keywords: Animal-occupied zone, Computational fluid dynamics, Greenhouse gas emissions, Holding area.
Effect of Monochromatic Green LED Light Stimuli During Incubation on Embryo Growth, Hatching Performance, and Hormone Levels
Authors: Yu Yue , Li Zhanming , Zhong Zhengtao , Jin Shufang , Pan Jinming , Rao Xiuqin , Yu Yonghua 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Previous research indicated improvement of incubation by light stimuli. However, the light source arrangement, usually with irradiation from top to bottom, was inconvenient and high in cost. Among the different light colors, the effects of green LED light stimuli during embryo development were inconclusive. In this study, two LED lamps were installed on both sides of egg trays, and the irradiation was directed from the edges to the middle. The effect of green LED light with various light intensities was investigated. A total of 1408 broiler eggs were randomly allocated to high light (300 lx), middle light (150 lx), low light (50 lx), and dark treatments with four replicates. Embryo weight, body length, organ weight, hatching performance, and serum hormone levels were tested. The results indicated that incubation of the broiler eggs under an appropriate light intensity (low light treatment, 50 lx) of green light significantly increased embryo weight, body length, and hatchability (p &lt; 0.001). According to the serum hormone tests, only the low light treatment significantly increased the thyroxine (T4) levels of the chicks (p &lt; 0.05) at hatching, but the middle and high light treatments slightly decreased the T4 and testosterone (TES) levels of the chicks compared with the dark treatment. Moreover, peak hatching time occurred 12 h earlier in the light treatments compared with the dark treatment. In conclusion, an appropriate light intensity (low light treatment, 50 lx) of LED green light improved embryo growth and hatching performance, but excessive light intensity reduced the positive effects or even produced slight negative effects on the T4 and TES levels of chicks at hatching. Keywords: Embryo, Growth, Hatching performance, Hormone, Monochrome green light.
Shear Strength of Aeolian Sand Sediments
Authors: Yi Fang , Hong Cheng , Xueyong Zou , Kaidi Zhang 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The anti-erodibility of aeolian sand sediments represents their resistance to airflow shear and is closely associated with soil shear strength. However, there have been few studies on the anti-erodibility of sediments from the perspective of shear strength. In this study, we performed shear strength experiments for four categories of sediments at different values of normal stress. All samples were oven-dried prior to the shear tests. The main conclusions were as follows. The shear strength of sediments increased linearly with normal stress and grain diameter. Organic matter may weaken the shear strength. The impact of bulk density and CaCO3 content on the shear strength did not follow consistent rules, but RCaCO3/RBulk (where RCaCO3 is the ratio of CaCO3 content between two samples, and RBulk is the difference in bulk density) determines the relative contribution of each factor to shear strength. The cohesion, internal friction angle, and shear strength increased with increasing grain diameter. They also increased with increasing sorting coefficient when the sorting coefficient was greater than 0.6, while the opposite trend occurred with sorting coefficients less than 0.6. There was a positive linear correlation between cohesion and threshold friction velocity (R2 = 0.91). This study improves our understanding of shear strength, providing basic data with which to construct a dynamic model of aeolian sand transport by wind action. Keywords: Bulk density, Cohesion, Grain diameter, Internal friction angle, Shear strength, Sorting coefficient, Threshold friction velocity.
Low-Moisture Switchgrass Bulk-Format Logistics Costs Based on Engineering Data
Authors: Womac Alvin R. , Groothuis Mitch D. , Tiller Kelly , Jackson Sam W. , Dye Clay 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Logistics costs that spanned harvest, transport, storage, preprocessing, and year-round delivery of 371,870 dMg year-1 of milled, low-moisture switchgrass (SG) to a local biorefinery were determined for bulk-format versus round-bale systems. Separate spreadsheet analyses were conducted for three diesel fuel prices ($0.53 L-1, $0.92 L-1, and $1.32 L-1) because of the wide range of fuel prices during the project. A detailed analysis scenario identified a common harvest period, equipment annual use, other equipment uses, and protected SG storage on gravel pad, along with equipment performances based on previously published tests primarily for commercially available equipment. The bulk-format system used a depot equipped with stacker/reclaimer technology for storage, whereas the round-bale system used field-side bale stacks for storage, with both systems assuming 6% losses, primarily attributed to storage. Results indicated total costs for bulk-format versus round-bale systems of $54.63 per dry Mg (dMg-1), $60.41 dMg-1, and $66.21 dMg-1 versus $54.59 dMg-1, $62.10 dMg-1, and $67.93 dMg-1 corresponding with diesel fuel costs of $0.53 L-1, $0.92 L-1, and $1.32 L-1, respectively. The most significant bulk-format system total cost of $22.79 dMg-1 was associated with a stacker/reclaimer, conveyance, and dust collection at the depot, which was 42% of total costs at a diesel fuel cost of $0.53 L-1. For the round-bale system, bale chopping total costs was highest and represented an average of 27% of total costs, with costs ranging from $14.63 dMg-1 to $19.08 dMg-1 for diesel fuel input costs ranging from $0.53 L-1 to $1.32 L-1, respectively. For comparison, the forage harvester provided harvesting and chopping in the bulk-format system at total costs ranging from $6.47 dMg-1 to $8.80 dMg-1 across the same range of diesel fuel input cost. The forage harvester provided an economic advantage in size reduction compared to tub grinding. Truck hauling for both the bulk-format and round-bale systems represented significant expenses at all selected fuel costs. In addition, the multiple times that round bales were handled represented accumulating costs that were sensitive to diesel fuel costs. Keywords: Bales, Bioenergy, Bulk format, Densification, Field chop, Logistics, Transportation.
Small ncRNA-Seq Results of Human Tissues: Variations Depending on Sample Integrity
Authors: Ludwig Nicole , Fehlmann Tobias , Galata Valentina , Franke Andre , Backes Christina , Meese Eckart , Keller Andreas 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Although mature miRNAs are relatively stable in vivo, RNA degradation can have a substantial influence on small noncoding RNA (sncRNA) profiles.

METHODS
Using different tissue storage conditions and RNA isolation procedures, we analyzed the integrity and quality of RNA isolates from human lung and heart tissues. We sequenced a total of 64 RNA samples and quantified the effect of RNA degradation, DNA contamination, and other confounding factors on the sncRNA-seq data. Besides microRNAs, other noncoding RNA species (piRNAs, tRNAs, snoRNAs, rRNAs) were investigated.

RESULTS
Consistent with previous results, we found that the tissue specificity of microRNAs is generally well preserved. The distribution of microRNA isoforms was similar to the distribution of canonical forms. New miRNAs were more frequently discovered in degraded samples. sncRNA Reads generated from degraded samples mapped frequently to piRNAs, tRNAs, snoRNAs, or scaRNAs. Sequencing reads that were depleted of sncRNAs showed an increased mapping frequency to bacterial species.

CONCLUSIONS
Our data emphasize the importance of sample integrity, especially for next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based high-throughput sncRNA profiles. For the prediction of novel miRNAs in particular, only samples with the highest RNA integrity should be used in order to avoid identification of false “miRNAs.”
Pentagamavunone-0 (PGV-0), a Curcumin Analog, Enhances Cytotoxicity of 5-Fluorouracil and Modulates Cell Cycle in WiDr Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Ikawati Muthi , Septisetyani Endah Puji 
Published: April 2018

The use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in colon cancer as the primary chemotherapy has not been meet satisfactory effectiveness. Therefore, the development of new chemicals as a chemopreventive agent and a combination agent (co-chemotherapeutic agent) for colon cancer is important. Pentagamavunone-0 (2,5-bis-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxybenzylidine) cyclopentanone) (PGV-0), one of curcumin analogs, exhibits cytotoxic effect and apoptosis induction in various cancer cell lines, including colon cancer cell, better than curcumin. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic potency of PGV-0 in combination with 5-FU and their effects, in single or in combination, on cell cycle toward WiDr colon cancer cell line. The cells were treated with combination concentrations of PGV-0 and 5-FU, and examined by MTT cell viability assay. The value of combination index (CI) as a parameter of cytotoxic combination assay was measured by a combination index method. Cells were stained with propidium iodide and the cell cycle distribution was determined by flowcytometry. CI calculation showed additive effects between PGV-0 and 5-FU. Combination of PGV-0 and 5-FU gave synergism on cell cycle. Single treatment of PGV-0 increased apoptosis, illustrated as subG1-phase accumulation, stronger than single treatment of 5-FU. Meanwhile, combination of PGV-0 and 5-FU demonstrated S-phase arrest. Based on these results, it can be concluded that PGV-0 has the potential to be developed as a co-chemotherapeutic agent for colon cancer but still requires further tracking of its molecular mechanisms.Keywords: Pentagamavunone-0 (PGV-0), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), colon cancer,combination, cell cycle
Combination of Curcuma (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb) and Awar-awar (Ficus septica Burm.F.) Ethanolic Extracts Enhance Doxorubicin to Modulate Cell Cycle Progression of T47D Cells
Authors: Muna Laili Nailul , Jenie Riris Istighfari 
Published: April 2018

One of the efforts to cure breast cancer is a combination of the chemotherapeutic agent with medicinal plants. This study was conducted to examine the activity of the combination between doxorubicin, curcuma rhizome (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.) ethanolic extract (CEE), and awar-awar leaves (Ficus septica Burm.f.) ethanolic extract (AAE) in inducing apoptosis and modulating the cell cycle progression in breast cancer T47D cells. The combination activity was performed using three series of concentration, 1/3; 1/6 and 1/12 of IC50, The combination index (CI) of doxorubicin, CEE and AEE was determined under MTT assay. The result showed that the combination of 10 µM, 5 µg/ml, 1 µg/ml concentrations of doxorubicin, CEE and AEE respectively result in synergistic effect with CI values less than 1. The treatment exhibited the cell accumulation in S phase (27.7%) against T47D breast cancer cells confirmed through cell cycle examination by flow cytometry. These results provided the evidence that CEE and the AEE can be developed as co-chemotherapeutic agents combined with doxorubicin to improve the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment.Keywords : Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb., Ficus septica Burm.f., doxorubicin, cell cycle.
Existence and multiplicity of solutions for a class of superlinear elliptic systems
Authors: Li Chun , Agarwal Ravi P. , Wu Dong-Lun 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we establish the existence and multiplicity of solutions for a class of superlinear elliptic systems without Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz growth condition. Our results are based on minimax methods in critical point theory.
Transcriptome analysis of Pinus massoniana Lamb. microstrobili during sexual reversal
Authors: Feng Xiao , Xue-mei Yang , Yang Zhao , Fu-hua Fan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe normal megastrobilli and microstrobilli before and after the sexual reversal inPinus massonianaLamb. were studied and classified using a transcriptomic approach. In the analysis, a total of 190,023 unigenes were obtained with an average length of 595 bp. The annotated unigenes were divided into 56 functional groups and 130 metabolic pathways involved in the physiological and biochemical processes related to ribosome biogenesis, carbon metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis. Analysis revealed 4,758 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the mega- and microstrobili from the polycone twig. The DEGs between the mega- and microstrobili from the normal twig were 5,550. In the polycone twig, 1,188 DEGs were identified between the microstrobili and the sexually reversed megastrobili. Concerning plant hormone signal transduction pathways, the DEGs from both the normal and polycone twigs displayed distinct male or female associated expression patterns. There were 36 common hormone-related DEGs from the two types of twigs ofP.massoniana. Interestingly, expression of these DEGs was up-regulated in the bisexual strobili, which underwent the sexual reversal. A portion of MADS-box genes in the bisexual strobili were up-regulated relative to expression in microstrobili.
The neurology and psychiatry of humor, smiling and laughter: A tribute to Paul McGhee. Part I. Introduction and clinical studies
Authors: Rodden Frank A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis review article was written for people like Paul McGhee when he was 20 years old: curious and interested in the neurology and psychiatry of humor, smiling and laughter but neither physicians nor experts in cognitive science. It begins with necessary reflections on what it even means to consider humor, smiling and laughter from within these disciplines. These frames of reference, useful as they are, are far from neutral. The reader is encouraged to be sensitive to some logical and linguistic pitfalls that can fatally endanger meaningful discussions of these subjects. The results of empirical studies of humor, smiling and laughter which have employed the tools of neurology and psychiatry are then reviewed, roughly in the order in which the techniques have emerged historically, beginning with clinical studies (Part I) and continuing with current studies employing functional imaging methods in Part II. Therapeutic approaches using humor, smiling and laughter, particularly with respect to neurological and psychiatric diseases – but also including other diseases – are discussed. Finally, a short synopsis of what is known about the neurology and psychiatry of humor, smiling and laughter is presented.
Vector fields satisfying the barycenter property
Authors: Lee Manseob 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe show that if a vector fieldXhas theC1robustly barycenter property then it does not have singularities and it is Axiom A without cycles. Moreover, if a genericC1-vector field has the barycenter property then it does not have singularities and it is Axiom A without cycles. Moreover, we apply the results to the divergence free vector fields. It is an extension of the results of the barycenter property for generic diffeomorphisms and volume preserving diffeomorphisms [1].
Chemical surface growth and physical properties of the Au nanoparticles array on glass slides
Authors: Kusnezh V. V. , Il’Chuk H. A. , Tsyupko F. I. , Płaczek-Popko E. , Gwóźdź K. , Biegański P. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Gold nanoparticle array on pretreated glass substrates was fabricated by chemical surface growth from the AuCl3, CH2O and Na2CO3 components in aqueous solutions mixture. Transmission, absorption and reflectivity spectra were measured with an UV-Vis spectrophotometer. A change in plasmon maximum absorption position depending on the growth conditions was investigated. The surface morphology was studied by atomic force microscopy. The statistical analysis of the heights, particles diameter and image cross-sections was carried out by scanning probe microscopy methods and the Au NPs size dependence on the growth time was experimentally determined. The results of this paper will contribute to the optimization of plasmonic CdS/CdTe solar cell.
Studies of field emission process influence on changes in CNT films with different CNT superficial density
Authors: Stępińska Izabela , Czerwosz Elżbieta , Kozłowski Mirosław , Wronka Halina , Dłużewski Piotr 
Published: April 2018

AbstractField emission from materials at high electric fields can be associated with unfavorable or even destructive effect on the surface of the investigated cathode. The impact of high voltage electric power supply causes locally very strong electric fields focusing on the cathode surface. It causes a number of phenomena, which can adversely affect the morphology and the structure of the cathode material. Such a phenomenon is, for example, peeling of an emissive layer from the substrate or its burnout. It results in tearing of the layer and a decrease or loss of its ability to electrons emission. The cold cathodes in a form of CNT films with various CNTs superficial distribution are obtained by physical vapor deposition followed by chemical vapor deposition. CNTs are catalyzed in pyrolytic process with xylene (CVD), by Ni in a form of nanograins (few nm in size) placed in carbonaceous matrix. These films are built of emissive CNTs - carbonaceous film deposited on different substrates. In this work, the morphology and topography of superficial changes resulting from external electric field in such films were investigated.
Authorityvspower: capitalism, archaeology and the populist challenge
Authors: González-Ruibal Alfredo , González Pablo Alonso , Criado-Boado Felipe 
Published: April 2018

We thank all of the commentators for raising crucial points that provide us with the opportunity to make important clarifications. Bernbeck and Pollock point out that in our work, only the people of the present matter, rather than those in the past. Although our discussion centres on living people, we also believe that the past is unfinished and that working with it allows us to build a different future. We also believe that archaeology has a responsibility towards the dead. We are, in a Derridean spirit, committed to “those others who are no longer or [. . .] not yet there, presently living, whether they are already dead or not yet born” (Derrida 2012: 18). There is, however, more than an ethical dimension to this; our plea for a new objectivity means that we are interested in the pastquapast, not just in representations of the past in the present.
Shakespeare Terminology with Special Reference to Shakespeare Arden Dictionaries
Authors: Karpova Olga 
Published: April 2018

The paper is devoted to the description of a special group of reference works in English author lexicography – terminological (or LSP) dictionaries of different subject areas explored in Shakespeare’s works: ethics, religion, military and naval activities, medicine, music, politics and society, philosophy, theatre, etc. As stated by scholars, Shakespeare is considered to be an expert in nineteen subject fields whose terms are used in their direct and figurative meaning in the Bard’s creative works. Among more than one hundred types of Shakespeare’s linguistic and encyclopaedic reference works, his terminological dictionaries play a significant role, registering and describing special groups of terms from the author’s plays. Shakespeare LSP reference books are combined today into Arden Shakespeare Dictionaries. The article discovers specific features of the architecture of Shakespeare LSP dictionaries: mega-, macro- and microstructure, using the recently published dictionary “Shakespeare’s Plants and Gardens” (2016). Detailed analysis of the unique Shakespearean use of plant and garden names contribute to better understanding of their symbolism and aesthetic value in Shakespeare’s plays.
Archetypes and Mythological Motifs: John Updike’s Legacy Revisited
Authors: Ulvydienė Loreta 
Published: April 2018

John Updike is widely considered to be one of the greatest, one of the most popular and sometimes most controversial writers concerned with the American small town and middle-class materialism. A lot of literary critics and researchers observe that Updike’s finest work came from his exploration of ordinary America and from his use of elegant prose, rich with metaphor, to portray the public and private feelings of Americans, their daily rounds of life. In addition, discussing Updike’s individual works a lot of literary critics and researchers have observed the writer’s attempts to re-write myth in “the mythical age”1 of the 20thcentury. Naturally enough, as the return to myth is assumed to be a certain feature of the Modernist movement, half a century later since Updike’s famous novel Centaur was penned, it is indispensable to re-examine the writer’s fictional intentions in the usage of myth. More importantly, it is needful to determine whether we can see the mythic elements and realistic details as a continuum or as the contrasted opposites in his so called “historical chronicles”. Updike’s novels and stories are filled with mythological motifs and character archetypes. Thus, the study aims at revisiting John Updike’s creation considering mythological elements and archetypal images of his heroes alongside with heroic masculinity, war, terrorism and American perfectionism.
Expression of Love Emotions in the Audiovisual Field
Authors: Kerevičienė Jurgita , Grikietis Livija 
Published: April 2018

Audiovisual work is significant in its narrative and created images. Conveyance, recognition and experiences of characters’ emotions are not disregarded. By using the most elaborated audio and visual means, filmmakers try not only to involve the viewers in the film plot but also encourage them to discover characters’ emotions and feelings, go through their experiences and perceive their emotional transformation. This article aims at revealing the conceptualisation of transformation of characters’ love emotions in the film “Pleasantville”. Cognitive metaphor and metonymy theories as well as the identified multimodal meaning making resources indicating the embodiment of prevailing love emotions are applied in the analysis. Firstly, emotions, their notion, typology and somatic aspects of love emotions are discussed. Then the focus is put on multimodal constructions and their audiovisual expression. The empirical part of the article deals with the analysis of the most intense love emotions discerned in the film, namely, ecstasy and admiration, paying the primary attention to the multimodal modes used to reveal their conceptualisation.