bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Komatiites: issues of geodynamics and metallogeny
Authors: Sorokhtin N O , Kozlov N E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the current paper the authors make an attempt to provide a theoretical basis for regular features of enrichment of komatiites in the present-day subequatorial part of the Earth with gold, nickel and platinum group minerals. The authors suggest that Archaean komatiitic greenstone belts formed mostly in the subequatorial area under significant overheating of the mantle at that time. The paper suggests and describes in detail a possible mechanism of these processes. According to it, komatiitic magmas were enriched with siderophile and chalcophile elements during a gradual melt of the “cold” substance of the primary Earth. It melted along the equator due to the tidal effect of the Moon on it. In the Archaean the Moon was much closer to the Earth than nowadays, and its orbit was near the Roche limit. It considerably increased the tidal interaction of the two planets and provided overheating of the Earth’s equatorial belt. Therefore, more heated areas must have had melts with high clarkes of protocrystallization elements and lower clarkes of concentration. It inevitably affected specific metallogenic features of produced komatiitic magmas and genetic diversity of deposit types in these areas. This paper corroborates the idea that the drift of the continents did not provide their chaotic movement along the mantle surface in the Earth’s history. Continental domains that formed in the subequatorial area in the Archaean are still near it and compose an ancient greenstone belt composed of komatiites.
Evaluation of psycho-emotional status of robotic system operator in the Arctic
Authors: Kirillov S N , Lukyanov D I 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The paper shows the algorithm to assess psycho-emotional status of robotic system operator in the Arctic. It is shown that modern direction of robotics development does not sufficiently take into account the peculiarities of operator work in polar conditions. As a result, the efficiency of operator work can be significantly reduced which may lead to accidents and disabling of robotic systems and, consequently, to an increase in the cost of operations. The paper shows the need for systematic monitoring of psycho-emotional operator status. Modern methods to assess psycho-emotional state of a person in extreme conditions are considered and the assessment by speech signal is shown to be the most appropriate one. At the same time, other methods to assess psycho-emotional status of a person, such as assessment of heart rate and electrical activity of the skin, as well as assessment of facial expressions and body movement, have features that limit their use to assess operator status in the Arctic. The approach to assess psycho-emotional status of a person in the Arctic based on two-dimensional model of emotional plane is proposed, the effectiveness of these models. The possibility of using the proposed method for evaluating the psycho-emotional state of the operator under the conditions of the Arctic.
Conceptual theories and ideologies of sustainable development of the Arctic in the era of changing technological paradigms
Authors: Gladkiy Y N , Yu Eidemiller K , Samylovskaya E A , Sosnina M N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study analyses conceptual theories and ideologies of sustainable development of the Arctic in the era of the 4th industrial revolution and the change of technological paradigms. It is based on the method of comparative analysis, as well as on axiomatic and empirical definitions based on the fundamentals of the civilization theory, reflecting the problems of changing technological paradigms, and the theory of innovation diffusion by the Swedish geographer T. Hagerstrand. The authors considered the prerequisites for changing the value development of countries, exemplifying it by the Arctic region. The paper touches upon main directions (concepts) of development of the “New North” (“New Arctic Region”) within the framework of the 7th technological paradigm, providing the analysis of the following: “Northern ideology”, “Metamodernism”, “Rethinking”, “Human development”, “Enlightened freedom of will”, “Bifurcation technocracy” and “Ultra-Scandinavianism”. As a result of the research, the authors came to the conclusion that the problem of sustainable development of the Arctic in the era of developing technological paradigms is multifaceted, and the chosen ways of this development are multidirectional. In the reference scenario, none of the adopted theories will be implemented solely on the basis of the underlying principles, since the Arctic region is currently facing pan-European challenges as well as regional and global ones, which will constantly interfere with the process and modify the given guidelines. An important corrective factor of this process is poorly controlled migration, which has brought to the region a large number of foreign cultural elements that own and carry an active civilization code, which is a challenge to the political and moral-ethical transformation of the region. However, for a whole range of cumulative reasons, the Arctic is now the stakeholder of high technologies, including theoretically oriented ones, being at the same time a testing ground for their development and improvement.
Experience of observation of indigenous minorities and ethnic minorities of Karelia
Authors: Radikov I , Pitukhina M , Tolstoguzov O , Volokh V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article discusses some specific aspects of indigenous peoples’ rights exercise by Karelians, Vepsians and Finns - small-numbered peoples and ethnic (national) minorities located at the Republic of Karelia. As part of the study, a tool for assessment their rights exercise at the Republic of Karelia was developed. A so called observational passport of indigenous minorities was developed. This paper is based on indigenous peoples’ survey results organized in autumn 2017 in all municipalities of the Republic of Karelia. Difference in indigenous peoples’ rights exercise is substantiated in terms of 4 sectors (economic, social, cultural, and religious) and 3 levels (low, medium, high). The indigenous people survey results has showed that despite difficult economic situation 61.5% would not want to leave the Republic of Karelia. Among those who expressed a desire to leave the region - 42.5% - would like to go to another country (not Finland), 30% would like to leave Karelia for another region of the Russian Federation; 12.5% would move to another region inside the Republic of Karelia. Rather unhealthy lifestyle of indigenous people was identified at surveys’ social block. Religious bloc is predominated by Orthodox religion exercise and participation at traditional religious wedding ceremonies. Survey results for the cultural bloc have recorded a strong preservation of traditions and culture - half of respondents regularly cook national meal. The research found that Vepsians are dissatisfied with their rights exercise in each of the 4 sectors of the study; Karelians and Finns are characterized by an average degree of satisfaction in their rights exercise.
Ecological and biological aspects of the impact of industrial pollution on cellular and humoral immunity of residents of the Arctic latitudes (on the example of the Murmansk region and the Republic of Karelia)
Authors: Trotsenko A , Filatov N , Milyakova L , Pankratova M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article presents the results of years of research aimed at investigating the influence of various immunotropic environmental factors on the nonspecific immunity of residents of the Murmansk region and the Republic of Karelia. The authors studied 2011 adults (adults) from 2001 to 2016, namely the indicators of nonspecific immunity - cell and humoral immunity of a representative sample: buccal test, skin bactericidal activity, cytochemical study (glycogen, alkaline phosphatase) of peripheral blood and white cells blood count. The subjects’ gender, age, length of residence in northern latitudes, the presence of chronic diseases, etc. were analyzed in detail. It describes the statistical data of target regions, level of industrial pollution, and features of climatic conditions. The studied indicators of nonspecific resistance of the residents of the Murmansk region, on average, are within the normal range, in contrast to similar indicators in the inhabitants of Karelia. An analysis of the research has shown that blood parameters determine compensatory-adaptive processes in combination with indicators of nonspecific immunity when a person adapts to adverse conditions of industrial cities and climatic factors. The emergence of such dependencies indicates the activation of metabolism and increase the work of reserve immune systems to maintain life safety. The following blood counts reacted to the regional and industrial factors: glycogen in lymphocytes and neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, leukocytes, segmented neutrophils. The methods of research of nonspecific resistance of the organism can be recommended as one of the criteria for the influence of environmental factors on the state of the human body as a whole.
Assessment of the impact of the socio-economic situation on the quality of life of the population of the Arctic zone
Authors: Ushakova T , Zykova N , Ikonnikova O 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article discusses the socio - economic indicators that determine the quality of life of the population of the Arctic regions of the North - West Federal District of the Russian Federation. The results of a comparative analysis of the impact of the socio-economic situation on the assessment of the quality of life of the population of the Municipal unit “City of Arkhangelsk” and the Municipal Unit “Severodvinsk” of the Arkhangelsk region, which are part of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, are presented. The weak sides of the development of the Arkhangelsk region should include difficult climatic conditions, peripherality, high production costs, population outflows, a high level of risk for investors and an increased long-term investment in Arctic projects. The Arkhangelsk region belongs to the subsidized regions of the Russian Federation and as a result needs multilateral support from the state. To study the impact of the socio-economic situation on the quality of life of the population, indicators such as age and gender characteristics, type of activity, level of accessibility of medical care, etc. were used. Subjective tools for assessing the quality of life were the answers of respondents characterizing the conditions and quality of life in the Arctic region. The results of sociological studies of the quality of life of the population allowed to identify “problem points”. After analyzing the quality of life of the population on the basis of objective indicators and subjective assessment, contradictions and complexity were revealed in comparing these indicators. The authors have developed recommendations for the implementation of the policy pursued by state authorities, which should be directed to legislatively developed and adopted unified social standards for the level and quality of life, as well as to the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation, focused on improving the quality of life.
The International Arctic Consortium Model
Authors: Afonichkina E A , Afonichkin A I , Stepanova M M , Tokareva E U 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The study considers economic development of the Arctic region as supported by innovations and sustainable technologies, compliant to environmental regulations and following the trends of the Arctic region sustainable development. The experience shows that only joint efforts of researchers from different countries and the concentration of their research and investment potential can lead to positive results for each country, and ensure a positive effect for all cooperating countries, as well. A model of the International Arctic Consortium has been proposed. The Consortium operates on the basis of coordinated interests of the participating countries and ensures the development of the Arctic territories of the circumpolar countries.
Comparison of international transport corridors in the Arctic based on the autoregressive distributed lag model
Authors: Skripnuk D F , Kikkas K N , Safonova A S , Volodarskaya E B 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article examines the modeling of international transport corridors using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The modeling of international transport corridors makes allowance for the potential capacity to develop the Arctic transport environment in the context of polar ice melting and increasing time of navigation on the seas of the Arctic Ocean. The authors build models for the Northern Sea Route, the Trans-Siberian Railway (TSR), the Southern Sea Route (transport corridor of the Suez Canal), the Northwest Passage, and analyze the natural, organizational, technological, and economic factors that affect the endogenous variable of the international transport corridor model. When building the transport corridor models, the authors take the volume of transit traffic via the international corridor in time t as the endogenous variable for all corridors. Exogenous variables are selected according to the variables that have the highest impact on the volume of traffic via each transport corridor and feature most prominently in the literature reviewed in this article. For the Northern Sea Route, these variables include Russia’s GDP, the number of ships passing through the route, the number of nuclear icebreakers, the average tariff, and the minimum ice coverage in the Arctic. For the Southern Sea Route (transport corridor of the Suez Canal) – EU’s GDP, the number of ships passing through the route, the average tariff, and the volume of commercial transit cargo. The methodology for determining the parameters of the model includes the following procedures: flux balance analysis, analysis of the autocorrelation between endogenous and exogenous variables, multicollinearity analysis.
The application of the ARCH model for the assessment of transport routes in Northern Europe and Southeast Asia
Authors: Kikkas K N , Cherenkov V I , Berezovskaya I P , Anosova N E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article proposes the method of comparison of future transport routes to connect North Europe and Southeast Asia. Two transport routes can pass through the expanses of the Arctic Ocean, along the shores of Russia and Canada. The Southern Sea Route on the Suez Canal and the Trans-Siberian Railway are the alternative transport routes. The Northern Sea Route is the shortest waterway between Northern Europe and Southeast Asia and has many advantages of goods transportation in the future. Compared to the Northwest Route along the Canadian coast, the Northern Sea Route has a greater number of competitive advantages. The authors outline the stages of transport routes comparison method. At the first stage, the goal of the analysis is set and the mathematical model is chosen. The second stage determines the resulting and influential indicators. The third stage involves collecting the information on selected indicators with each indicator being a time series. At the fourth stage, time invariance of each time series is analyzed. At the fifth stage, model is selected that displays the transport corridor. The sixth and seventh stages deal with autocorrelation and multicollinear analysis. At the eighth stage the coefficients of the equations are calculated. At the ninth stage, the conditional variance of the series of the resulting indicator is estimated and the decision is made whether to use the model of autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (Arch – Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticit) for prediction. The paper describes the results of comparison of various international transport routes.
Innovative and Technological Development of the Russian Arctic
Authors: Konakhina N A , Baranova T A , Mokhorov D A , Prischepa A S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article presents an analysis of the innovative and technological development of the Russian Arctic. Innovative development has a great significance for the economy of the country. Economic development of territories should be based on new knowledge and innovation. The purpose of the study is to assess the innovative and technological development of the Russian Arctic in order to forecast and create a strategy for the Russian Arctic based on knowledge and innovation. The author issues theoretical approaches to the problem of innovative and technological development of countries. The author suggests a methodology for innovative analysis and assesses the innovative and technological index of the Russian Arctic regions using the index method based on integrated index calculation. The analysis is based on the official data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation of 2015. The results of the study show that Arctic regions can be divided into three groups, namely: 1) regions with a high level of innovative and technological development (Krasnoyarsk region); 2) regions with a medium level of innovative and technological development (Arkhangelsk region, Komi Republic, Yamalo-Nenets and Chukotka Autonomous Areas); 3) the least developed regions (Nenets Autonomous Area). The results of the study can be used to create a strategy of innovative and technological development for each group of Russian Arctic regions.
Digital transformation and convergence effect as factors of achieving sustainable development
Authors: Dyatlov S A , Didenko N I , Lobanov O S , Kulik S V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The paper introduces the term “digital (neural network) economy”, which reveals the content of the processes of digital transformation of the national and world economic systems that are currently going on and makes it possible to form the methodological basis for further research in this field. It is shown that at the technological level the processes are accompanied by NBIC convergence of (nano-, bio-, information and cognitive) clusters of the digital economy, which generates synergy effects. The new structure of the modern economy is being formed. The building blocks of today’s economy are: systems of the circular economy, clusters, network, business incubators, and technology platforms. The economic contents and the essence of the structure of the national economy are shown and the directions for its transfer are found out. It has been concluded that in the time of digital economy, as a result of network convergence, synergy effects of converged regional clusters appear. It has been found out that with a growing number of converged clusters of information spaces, the entropy inside them is stably going down. The paper reveals the content of the digital concept, defines the general principles, criteria and indicators of sustainable development. In order to characterize sustainable development, a number of indicators are used. They can be considered at different hierarchical levels: global, national, regional, local and industry-specific ones. The features of the “green economy” developing in the time of digitalization of the world and national economic systems are looked into. Given these features, a model of the regional concept has been developed and proposed. The model embraces sustainable development and organizational and economic mechanisms, which can be used to measure the efficiency of its implementation in the time of transfer to the digital (e-neural network) economy.
Social License to Operate for mining companies in the Russian Arctic as a tool for development of host territories
Authors: Riabova L A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In many countries, resource extraction companies increasingly admit the need to deserve the trust of local communities that host their activities. This paper discusses the concept of the Social License to Operate (SLO) that contributes to understanding trustful (or mistrustful) relationships between companies and communities. Based on case studies from the Russian Arctic, the paper aims to discuss the SLO concept from the viewpoint of its usefulness for promoting development of Arctic territories hosting extraction activities, specifically mining. The paper provides knowledge on the SLO concept and its analytical framework, and compares two cases in the Murmansk region with the aim to understand dynamics of a social license in a particular local context, as well as a relationship between the level of SLO and a mining company’s input in community development. The paper concludes that the better companies perform as promoters of local development, the higher levels of the SLO they get from the communities. The case studies also demonstrate that in a given local context most important factors for the level of SLO are working places provided by the companies within the communities and presence of emotional attachment of the companies’ top managers to the towns and treating them as home places.
Innovative approaches to the history of exploitation and new development of the Russian Arctic
Authors: Pilyasov A , Tsukerman V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The placement of productive forces, endogenous economic growth and innovative search with creative destruction are the three sources of forming the new economic development theory of the Russian Arctic. From the Soviet school the tradition of linking the process of exploitation with the placement of productive forces was used. From the European regional science, the notion that every social process in the regions is subject to the general laws in the framework of the new theory of endogenous economic growth was used. From the North American frontier theory there was used the notion of an innovative search for opportunities for economic development in the newly exploited territory.
The modern process of exploitation is characterized by spatial unevenness, center-peripherality, multiactor, the unprecedented role of resource corporations as agents of glocalization; the heterogeneity of time by the stages of the exploitation process (what was expressed significantly lesser in the planned administrative-command model of new exploitation) and the enormous role of project management (project financing, project legislation developed for a specific project of new resource exploitation). A feature of modern exploitation is that it implies the coexistence of two schemes - “from scratch” and on the foundation of the former infrastructural exploitationб which have different effects and regularities in territorial structures, exploitation cycles, etc.
Innovative approaches to the history of exploitation and new development of the Russian Arctic on the example of modern exploitation projects that link the global conjuncture and local technological processes as well as a new nature of an experimental, educational and spatially localized type was considered.