bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐guided totally implantable venous access device through the right innominate vein in older patients is safe and reliable
Authors: Sun Xingwei , Zhang Yu , Yang Chuanlai , Zhou Yubin , Bai Xuming , Zheng Weiwei , Jin Yong 
Published: February 2019

AimUltrasound guidance has become the routine method for catheterization, dramatically reducing failure and complication rates for totally implantable venous access devices (TIVAD) placement. The aim of the present study was to report the safety and efficacy of ultrasound‐guided right innominate vein TIVAD placement in older patients.MethodsBetween September 2015 and September 2017, 55 older patients underwent right innominate vein TIVAD placement under ultrasound guidance. Intraoperative fluoroscopy was always carried out. The technical success rate and complications were recorded and retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe technical success rate was 100%. The success rate of the first puncture was 96.36% (53/55). The mean operation time was 28 ± 7 min (range 23–39 min), and the mean length of catheter introduction was 19.24 ± 2.65 cm (range 17–21 cm). The overall incidence of complications was 7.27% (4/55), including one arterial puncture with self‐limiting hematoma, two cases of catheter‐related infection and one case of fibrin sheath. No catheter malposition or catheter fracture was observed. At the time of this study, three TIVAD were pulled out unexpectedly, and 32 TIVAD are still in functional use.ConclusionsUltrasound‐guided puncture of the right innominate vein is safe and reliable to implant TIVAD, which can provide new options for older patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 218–221.
Chemical Separation of Tungsten and Other Trace Elements for TIMS Isotope Ratio Measurements Using Organic Acids
Authors: Peters Bradley J. , Mundl‐Petermeier Andrea , Horan Mary F. , Carlson Richard W. , Walker Richard J. 
Published: February 2019

One requirement for isotope ratio measurement results with small measurement uncertainties is that the element of interest is effectively separated from the sample matrix. Efficient chemical separation of W from matrix components, especially Ti, can be challenging, particularly for large test portion masses (> 1 g). We present a new W separation procedure that takes advantage of the distinct complexation behaviour of Ti and W with citrate ligand in a moderately low pH, oxidising solution. This preparation procedure can reduce the Ti/W ratio of large (4–10 g) basaltic (i.e., high‐matrix) test portions by a factor of 105, relative to their original compositions, in a two‐step separation procedure. The procedure additionally provides a separate, well‐purified Mo fraction. We show that optimal separation requires precise selection of reagent concentrations and sample load. The procedure was employed to determine the μ182W composition of BHVO‐2 as −6.7 ± 4.2 (2 standard deviation, 2s). The principles derived from this method may prove useful for chemical separation of other elements used for geochemical and cosmochemical applications given an appropriate selection of organic acid. Future successful applications of this method may reveal that the use of organic acids as procedural reagents is a currently under‐utilised tool for efficient chemical separation protocols.
Dissecting dentine–pulp injury and wound healing responses: consequences for regenerative endodontics
Authors: Duncan H. F. , Cooper P. R. , Smith A. J. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryA thorough understanding of the biology of the dentine–pulp complex is essential to underpin new treatment approaches and maximize clinical impact for regenerative endodontics and minimally invasive vital pulp treatment (VPT) strategies. Following traumatic and carious injury to dentine–pulp, a complex interplay between infection, inflammation and the host defence responses will occur, which is critical to tissue outcomes. Diagnostic procedures aim to inform treatment planning; however, these remain clinically subjective and have considerable limitations. As a consequence, significant effort has focussed on identification of diagnostic biomarkers, although these are also problematic due to difficulties in identifying appropriate diagnostic fluid sources and selecting reproducible biomarkers. This is further compounded by the link between inflammation and repair as many of the molecules involved exhibit significant multifunctionality. The tertiary dentine formed in response to dental injury has been purposefully termed reactionary and reparative dentine to enable focus on associated biological processes. Whilst reactionary dentine produced in response to milder injury is generated from surviving primary odontoblasts, reparative dentine, in response to more intense injury, requires the differentiation of new odontoblast‐like cells derived from progenitor/stem cells recruited to the injury site. These two diverse processes result in very different outcomes in terms of the tertiary dentine produced and reflect the intensity rather than specific nature (nonexposure versus exposure) of the injury. The subsequent identification of the odontoblast‐like cell phenotype remains challenging due to lack of unique molecular or morphological markers. Furthermore, the cells ultimately lining the newly deposited dentine provide only a snapshot of events. The specific source and plasticity of the progenitor cells giving rise to the odontoblast‐like cell phenotype are also of significant debate. It is likely that improved characterization of tertiary dentine may better clarify the influence of cell derivation for odontoblast‐like cells and their diversity. The field of regenerative endodontics offers exciting new treatment opportunities, and to maximize outcomes, we propose that the term regenerative endodontics should embrace the repair, replacement and regeneration of dentine–pulp.
Experimental research on piezoelectric ceramics activating micro‐sized thermochemical battery
Authors: Tang Enling , Li Yue , Wang Ruizhi , Han Yafei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo verify feasibility of piezoelectric ceramic activating micro‐sized thermochemical batteries, it is very necessary to disclose shock pressure and electric output performances of piezoelectric ceramic. In order to simulate piezoelectric ceramic activating micro‐sized thermochemical batteries in the bore, shock pressure, and electronic output testing systems for piezoelectric ceramic have been established. And the piezoelectric ceramics composite structural targets are impacted using one‐stage light gas gun to load projectile, which is used to simulate the overload of the projectile with piezoelectric ceramics during projectile launching process, and combining with the experimental tests of a military 3# electric fuse head as a firing component in series. In experiments, the composite structural targets (front steel substrate‐piezoelectric ceramic‐rear steel substrate) are vertically impacted by the cylindrical 2A12 aluminum projectiles. The change rules of shock pressure, output voltage, and current peak values for piezoelectric ceramics are obtained at the different experimental parameters, and the firing conditions of piezoelectric ceramic igniting the military 3# electric fuse heads and ignition paper are presented.
Adaptation and validation of a self‐report measure of youth‐friendly primary healthcare services
Authors: Boersema G.C. , Van Wyk N.C. , Louw E.M. 
Published: February 2019

AimTo adapt the Youth‐Friendly Health Services‐World Health Organization+ questionnaire to suit the health needs of youth in the South African context, and estimate its psychometric properties.BackgroundYouth‐friendly health services promote health‐seeking behaviour amongst young people. The perceptions of youth and adolescents are thus important whilst assessing the youth‐friendliness of health services.MethodsWe conducted six focus group interviews to evaluate the clarity and relevance of the questionnaire items and adapted the questionnaire which was was administered to 101 youth who visited primary healthcare clinics. We reduced the number of items through quantitative analysis of responses and item analysis. Cronbach's alpha was used to optimize internal consistency reliability. Experts established a baseline of youth‐friendliness. We ranked the responses from the youth against the baseline of youth‐friendliness and used independent two sample t‐test to test for construct validity of the final adapted version, titled Youth‐Friendly Health Services‐ South Africa.Results or FindingsAfter the focus group interviews, we rephrased 27 items, removed four items and added eight items. We reduced the questionnaire to 57 items whilst optimizing internal consistency reliability. The statistical analysis supported construct validity.ConclusionThe Youth‐Friendly Health Services‐South Africa is the first English validated version and demonstrates good psychometric properties.Implication for nursing practice and health policyThe Youth‐Friendly Health Services‐South Africa can be useful to evaluate the youths' satisfaction with the health care and nursing service they receive. This study's findings indicate that the original questionnaire can be adapted for use in different contexts to shape local and global nursing practice and policies.
Allocating revenues in a Smart TV ecosystem
Authors: Lopez‐Navarrete Francisco , Sanchez‐Soriano Joaquin , Bonastre Oscar M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper deals with the problem of allocating the revenues generated by subscription fees, advertising, and pay‐per‐view in a Smart TV (STV) ecosystem between the provider of the Internet TV service and the content producers. The goal is to obtain a suitable mechanism for the allocation of the revenues such that all stakeholders agree with it. For this purpose, we define cooperative STV games that reflect the revenue generated by the STV system. We characterize the core of these games and obtain simple formulas for their Shapley and Tijs values, which we prove belonging to the core.
Fabrication of double‐cladding Ho3+/Tm3+ co‐doped Bi2O3–GeO2–Ga2O3–BaF2 glass fiber and its performance in a 2.0‐μm laser
Authors: Zhou Dechun , Jin DanYang , Ni Qiming , Song Xiangyang , Bai Xuemei , Han Kexuan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA novel double‐cladding Ho3+/Tm3+ co‐doped Bi2O3–GeO2–Ga2O3–BaF2 glass fiber, which can be applied to a 2.0‐μm infrared laser, was fabricated by a rod‐tube drawing method. The thermal properties of the glass were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. It showed good thermal stability and matching thermal expansion coefficient for fiber drawing when Tx−Tg > 193°C and the maximum difference of the thermal expansion coefficient is 3.55 × 10−6/°C or less. The 2.0‐μm luminescence characteristics were studied using the central wavelength of 808 nm pump light excitation. The results show that when the concentration ratio of Ho3+/Tm3+ reaches 0.5 mol%:1.0 mol%, the maximum fluorescence intensity was obtained in the core glass, the emission cross section reached 10.09 × 10−21 cm2, and the maximum phonon energy was 751 cm−1. In this paper, a continuous laser output with a maximum power of 0.986 W and a wavelength of 2030 nm was obtained using an erbium‐doped fiber laser as a pump source in a 0.5 m long Ho3+/Tm3+ co‐doped glass fiber. In short, the results show that Ho3+/Tm3+ co‐doped 36Bi2O3–30GeO2–15Ga2O3–10BaF2–9Na2O glass fiber has excellent laser properties, and it is an ideal mid‐infrared fiber material for a 2.0‐μm fiber laser with excellent characteristics
Viscosity‐structure relationship of alkaline earth silicate melts containing manganese oxide and calcium fluoride
Authors: Kim Tae Sung , Park Joo Hyun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe effect of CaF2 on the viscosities of the MO‐SiO2‐xMnO‐yCaF2 melts (M[=Ca or Ba]O/SiO2 = 0.4‐0.5, x = 10[±1] or 40[±2] mol%, y = 0‐15 mol%) have been studied at high temperatures. At MnO = 40[±2] mol%, the viscosity of Ba‐Mn‐silicate melts is lower than that of Ca‐Mn‐silicate melts because Mn2+ is a strong network modifier in the former system. However, the viscosities of both alkaline earth silicate melts with MnO = 10[±1] mol% are not affected by cation type because MnO activity is too low to affect the viscosity of the melts. The CaF2 addition decreases the viscosities of the Ba‐Mn‐silicate melts with low‐MnO contents, while it has less impact on the viscosities of the melts with high‐MnO contents. The effect of CaF2 on the relationship between viscosity and the structure of the silicate melts is quantitatively analyzed using the micro‐Raman spectra of quenched glass samples. The NBO/Si ratio of alkaline earth silicate melts, which indicates the degree of polymerization of the silicate networks, has a linear relationship with the activation energy for the viscous flow of the melts.
The interaction between hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea on subjective daytime sleepiness
Authors: Tam Wilson , Ng Susanna S. , To Kin‐Wang , Ko Fanny W. , Hui David S. 
Published: February 2019

Hypertension is one of the most common chronic cardiovascular diseases in adults while obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type of sleep apnea. It was recently reported that the mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score, measuring subjective daytime sleepiness, was significantly higher in non‐hypertensive subjects than the hypertensive counterparts with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. In the current study, the authors investigated the interaction between hypertension and OSA on daytime sleepiness among 280 subjects recruited from a sleep study. OSA was evaluated with the Apnea‐Hypopnea Index (AHI), and daytime sleepiness was measured with the ESS. Significantly higher mean ESS scores were found for subjects without than those with hypertension (11.3 vs 9.4, P = 0.003) but only a marginally significant difference was discerned for the ESS scores between subjects with AHI ≥15/h and AHI <15/h (P = 0.075). A significant interaction between hypertension and OSA status on daytime sleepiness was observed from the analysis of variance (P = 0.02). The adjusted mean ESS score for the group of normotensive subjects with moderate to severe OSA (13.11) was significantly higher than the other three groups, namely, normotensive subjects with mild OSA (9.35), hypertensive subjects with mild OSA (9.70), and hypertensive subjects with moderate to severe OSA to (9.43). In conclusion, subjective daytime sleepiness of normotensive subjects with moderate to severe OSA was significantly more severe than other subjects.
Flexible piecewise linear model for investigating dose‐response relationship in meta‐analysis: Methodology, examples, and comparison
Authors: Xu Chang , Thabane Lehana , Liu Tongzu , Borhan ASM , Sun Xin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesDose‐response meta‐analysis (DRMA) is widely employed in establishing the potential dose‐response relationship between continuous exposures and disease outcomes. However, there is no valid DRMA method readily for discrete exposures, especially when the possible dose‐response trend not likely to be linear. We proposed a piecewise linear DRMA model as a solution to this issue.MethodsWe illustrated the methodology of piecewise linear model in both one‐stage DRMA approach and two‐stage DRMA approach. The method by testing the equality of slopes of each piecewise was employed to judge if there is “piecewise effect” against a simple linear trend. We then used sleep (continuous exposure) and parity (discrete exposure) data as examples to illustrate how to apply the model in DRMA using the Stata code attached. We also empirically compared the slopes of piecewise linear model with simple linear as well as restricted cubic spline model.ResultsBoth one‐stage and two‐stage piecewise linear DRMA model fitted well in our examples, and the results were similar. Obvious “piecewise effects” were detected in both the two samples by the method we used. In our example, the new model showed a better fitting effect and practical, reliable results compared to the simple linear model, while similar results for to restricted cubic spline model.ConclusionPiecewise linear function is a valid and straightforward method for DRMA and can be used for discrete exposures, especially when the simple linear function is under fitted. It represents a superior model to linear model in DRMA and may be an alternative model to the nonlinear model.
Multilocus Typing of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Pig Reveals the High Prevalence, Zoonotic Potential, Host Adaptation and Geographical Segregation in China
Authors: Li Dongfang , Zheng Shuangjian , Zhou Chunxiang , Karim Md Robiul , Wang Luyang , Wang Haiyan , Yu Fuchang , Li Junqiang , Wang Weiyi , Wang Yange , Zhang Sumei , Jian Fuchun , Wang Rongjun , Ning Changshen , Zhang Longxian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEnterocytozoon bieneusi is one of the most frequently diagnosed Microsporidia of humans and most animals. However, there is no information on E. bieneusi infection of pigs in Tibet and Henan, China. In this study, 1,190 fecal samples were collected from pigs in Tibet and Henan and screened for the presence of E. bieneusi. The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi infection was 54.2% (645/1,190), with differences in prevalence observed among geographical areas, ages, and pig breeds. Moreover, 10 E. bieneusi genotypes were identified based on internal transcribed spacer region genotyping, including eight known genotypes (EbpC, EbpA, CHG19, CHC5, Henan‐III, I, D, and H) and two novel genotypes (XZP‐I and XZP‐II). Multilocus sequence typing revealed 18, 7, 17, and 13 genotypes at minisatellite/microsatellite loci MS1, MS3, MS4, and MS7, respectively. Strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) and few numbers of recombination events, suggest a clonal structure of the E. bieneusi population examined in this study. The low pairwise genetic distance (FST) and gene flow (Nm) values indicated limited gene flow in the E. bieneusi population from different hosts, with phylogenetic, structure, and median‐joining network analyses all indicating the existence of host and geographical isolation. The identification of isolates belonging to nine human‐pathogenic genotypes indicates that pigs play an important role in the dissemination of E. bieneusi, improving our present understanding of E. bieneusi epidemiology in the studied region.
Detection of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus via duplex recombinase polymerase amplification
Authors: Guo Zhengyang , Chen Zhaobin , Liu Xiaoqing , Chen Jing , Chen Guopei , Liu Zhongdong , Yang Guowu , Lan Quanxue 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFoodborne illnesses associated with foodborne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus occur at high frequencies. In this study, species‐specific primers and probes sets for the detection of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus were designed based on the nucleotide sequences of the actin‐assembly inducing protein precursor (actA) and clumping factor A (clfA) genes, respectively. We established a duplex RPA assay that is capable of simultaneously detecting L. monocytogenes and S. aureus within 15 min. With the plasmid standard, the sensitivity of the double RPA to L. monocytogenes and S. aureus can reach 102 copies/μL. The method also detected DNA extracted from samples inoculated with L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. After 4 hr of incubation, the sensitivity of the food model to L. monocytogenes and S. aureus reached 230 and 270 cfu/reaction, respectively. The assay was highly specific and had no cross‐reaction between closely related bacteria. Further assessment of this method on strains isolated within the lab collection showed that the duplex RPA provided the same testing results as microbiological methods. Therefore, the assay is effective for the rapid detection and preliminary screening of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus.Practical applicationsListeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus are two major foodborne pathogens and have been found in a wide range of foods. We developed a duplex RPA specific targeting actA and clfA genes with high‐amplification efficiency. We evaluated the performance of duplex RPA by building a food model. The detection results by the duplex RPA were compared with PCR and no significant differences were found. This study provides the information of the developed duplex RPA for detecting two specific foodborne pathogens, which will be helpful for further studies about simultaneous detection of several targets using duplex RPA.
Long‐term outcomes of patients with Crohn's disease who received infliximab or adalimumab as the first‐line biologics
Authors: Inokuchi Toshihiro , Takahashi Sakuma , Hiraoka Sakiko , Toyokawa Tatsuya , Takagi Shinjiro , Takemoto Koji , Miyaike Jiro , Fujimoto Tsuyoshi , Higashi Reiji , Morito Yuki , Nawa Toru , Suzuki Seiyuu , Nishimura Mamoru , Inoue Masafumi , Kato Jun , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough previous studies compared the efficacy of infliximab (IFX) versus adalimumab (ADA) as the first‐line biologics for Crohn's disease (CD), the difference in long‐term prognosis based on which biologic was used first has scarcely been reported. In particular, the clinical courses after loss of response (LOR) of the first‐line biologics are largely unknown.MethodsA multicenter, retrospective study was performed. Disease courses of biologic‐naïve CD patients who were started on IFX or ADA treatment were evaluated, even after LOR of the initial biologics.ResultsIn total, 263 CD patients were eligible for analysis, 183 were treated with IFX first, and 80 were treated with ADA first. The median observation period was 64.2 months. The cumulative steroid‐free remission rates and surgery‐free rates did not differ significantly between the patients treated with IFX first and those treated with ADA first (log‐rank test P = 0.42 and P = 0.74, respectively). In addition, no significant difference was observed in the rate of occurrence of events associated with ineffectiveness (modification of anti‐tumor necrosis factor treatment including intensification, switch, discontinuation, or surgery) between the patient groups (log‐rank test P = 0.62). The patients treated with IFX first were likely to discontinue the agent due to adverse events, whereas those treated with ADA first were likely to discontinue due to treatment failure or LOR.ConclusionsNo significant difference was observed in the long‐term prognosis between biologic‐naïve patients with CD who were started treatment with IFX first and ADA first.