bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical basis of molluscan shell colors revealed with in situ micro‐Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Ishikawa Makiko , Kagi Hiroyuki , Sasaki Takenori , Endo Kazuyoshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMolluscan shells exhibit a wide variety of color tones and patterns that are thought to increase fitness in different natural habitats. However, the chemical aspects of shell pigments have not been well understood. We studied the chemical basis of molluscan shell colors via resonance Raman microspectroscopy using a 514.5‐nm laser on six gastropod, 15 bivalve, and one cephalopod species. Polyene specific signals for C═C (ν1) or C─C (ν2) stretching bands were detected principally from the pigmented regions, and those peak positions correlated with the pigment colors. Because Raman shifts of those bands depend on the conjugation length of polyene backbones, which in turn, affect the highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gap, our observations suggest that the conjugation length of polyene is a determinant factor of shell color. Further, our observations and data from previous studies seemed to reveal a quantitative relationship between polyene backbone length and shell color. From an analysis of 89 polyene‐based pigments in 45 molluscan species, we found that yellow, orange/red, and purple/brown/black pigments originate from polyenes with conjugation lengths of 7–9, 9–10, and 10–12, respectively. The shell color shifts from yellow, orange, and red to purple as the polyene chain length increases as reported for free carotenoids. The biological mechanisms underlying the spatial regulations of polyene conjugation systems in molluscan shells will be the most important and intriguing issue to be addressed in the future.
Regulation of hyperglycemia in diabetic mice by autolysates from β‐mannanase‐treated brewer's yeast
Authors: Zhou Zhongkai , Zhang Boxi , Yang Xingyue , Shang Wenting , Ma Qiuchen , Strappe Padraig 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiabetes mellitus is a serious chronic disease, characterized by hyperglycemia. This study administered either β‐mannanase‐treated yeast cell autolysis supernatant (YCS) or yeast cell‐wall residues after autolysis (YCR) to investigate their influence on the alleviation of diabetes in a diabetic mouse model.RESULTSApplication of either YCS or YCR led to body weight gain, blood glucose reduction, and an improvement in lipid composition in the diabetic mice. Administration of YCS was more effective in inhibiting oxidative stress than YCR. The expression of PPARα and CPT1α was enhanced, improving lipid biosynthesis, and Trx1 and HIF‐1‐α genes were downregulated due to the activation of thioredoxin following the interventions, indicating that the processes of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress were heavily involved in the reduction of diabetic characteristics following the interventions. The current study revealed that consumption of YCR also led to a reduction in hyperglycemia, this being associated with its richness in mineral elements, such as chromium and selenium.CONCLUSIONThis study may highlight the potential of both YCS and YCR as functional ingredients in dietary formula for improving diabetic syndromes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Is there an impact of the dairy matrix on the survival of Lactobacillus casei Lc‐1 during shelf life and simulated gastrointestinal conditions?
Authors: Mantovani Fernanda D , de Carla Bassetto Maira , de Souza Cínthia H B , Aragon Davi C , de Santana Elsa HW , Pimentel Tatiana C , Aragon‐Alegro Lina C 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe selection of the food matrix to be used as a vehicle for a probiotic culture is important because its chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics can affect probiotic survival during the shelf‐life of the product and under simulated gastrointestinal conditions (SGIC). The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of the dairy matrix (chocolate fermented milk beverage, chocolate flan or passion fruit flan) on the survival of Lactobacillus casei Lc‐1 during refrigerated storage (4 °C for 21 days) and SGIC.RESULTSChocolate fermented milk beverage and chocolate and passion fruit flans could be considered as matrices for the incorporation of L. casei, providing suitable counts (6.38–7.84 log cfu g−1) during storage. The type of matrix had an impact on the inicial probiotic counts in the products and on the probiotic resistance to the SGIC. The chocolate fermented milk beverage presented higher initial probiotic counts (7.72 versus 6.65–7.28 log cfu g−1). The higher pH (5.3–6.8), solid matrix and increased fat content (65.0–72.9 g 100 g−1) contributed to the higher resistance to the SGIC of the chocolate and passion fruit flans, allowing recovery of viability during the enteric phase (increases of 1–1.5 log cycles).CONCLUSIONThe type of dairy matrix has an impact on the inicial probiotic counts in the products and on the probiotic resistance to the SGIC. Chocolate and passion fruit flans proved to be more suitable options than chocolate fermented milk beverage for the incorporation of Lactobacillus casei Lc‐1. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of quality parameters for fresh, used and recycled palm olein
Authors: Khor Yih Phing , Sim Biow Ing , Abas Faridah , Lai Oi Ming , Wang Yong , Nehdi Imededdine Arbi , Sbihi Hassen Mohamed , Gewik Mohamed Mossad , Tan Chin Ping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecycled oil has emerged as a significant food safety issue and poses a major threat to public health. To date, very limited studies have been conducted aiming to detect the adulteration of used and recycled palm olein in refined, bleached and deodorized palm olein (RBDPO). In the present study, oil samples that underwent controlled heating and deep‐frying studies were refined using the common oil refining procedure to simulate the production of recycled oil. Polymerized triacylglycerol (PTG), oxidized monomeric triacylglycerols (oxTAGs), such as epoxy, keto and hydroxy acids, and caprylic acid have been proposed as potential indicators for tracking the adulteration of recycled oil.RESULTSFor PTG, triacylglycerol oligomers and dimers showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) after the refining process. Although there was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the total oxTAGs concentration after refining, they were still present in the recycled palm olein, even though the used palm olein had undergone a complete oil refining process. The concentration of caprylic acid increased significantly (P < 0.05) in palm olein after undergoing various heat and deep‐frying treatments and even showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in recycled oil.CONCLUSIONThe results obtained in the present study justify the suitability of the proposed quality parameters for use as quality indices with respect to controlling the adulteration of used and recycled palm olein in RBDPO for the protection of the health and safety of consumers. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Vortices evolution in round pockets of modern machine tools
Authors: Shen Feng , Yan Chengjin , Zhao Shengwei , Xiao Jiafeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVortices evolutions in oil pockets of machine tools were investigated by using a particle image velocimetry (PIV) system and numerical simulations. The influences of Reynolds number (Re), aspect ratio of pocket depth‐to‐nozzle radius (e), and clearance height (h) on the vortices characteristics were studied. Up to three interacting vortices appear, namely, the primary vortex, the secondary vortex, and the tertiary vortex. The vortices evolve in a complex manner. The primary vortex appears at 15 < Re < 1610 and dominates the whole pocket flow at relatively high Re. The secondary vortex appears at Re > 210. The vortices size increases with e increasing. Moreover, the vortices detachment and reattachment positions were also been investigated. The vortices structures have significant influences on the distributions of pressures and wall shear stresses on the upper disc. The results further the understanding of vortices evolutions in oil pockets and will guide engineering applications related to the round pocket flow.
Decreased metabolism and increased tolerance to extreme environments in Staphylococcus warneri during long‐term spaceflight
Authors: Bai Po , Zhang Bin , Zhao Xian , Li Diangeng , Yu Yi , Zhang Xuelin , Huang Bing , Liu Changting 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMany studies have shown that the space environment can affect bacteria by causing a range of mutations. However, to date, few studies have explored the effects of long‐term spaceflight (>1 month) on bacteria. In this study, a Staphylococcus warneri strain that was isolated from the Shenzhou‐10 spacecraft and had experienced a spaceflight (15 days) was carried into space again. After a 64‐day flight, combined phenotypic, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses were performed to compare the influence of the two spaceflights on this bacterium. Compared with short‐term spaceflight, long‐term spaceflight increased the biofilm formation ability of S. warneri and the cell wall resistance to external environmental stress but reduced the sensitivity to chemical stimulation. Further analysis showed that these changes might be associated with the significantly upregulated gene expression of the phosphotransferase system, which regulates the metabolism of sugars, including glucose, mannose, fructose, and cellobiose. The mutation of S. warneri caused by the 15‐day spaceflight was limited at the phenotype and gene level after cultivation on the ground. After 79 days of spaceflight, significant changes in S. warneri were observed. The phosphotransferase system of S. warneri was upregulated by long‐term space stimulation, which resulted in a series of changes in the cell wall, biofilm, and chemical sensitivity, thus enhancing the resistance and adaptability of the bacterium to the external environment.
Clinical‐neurophysiological correlations in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy patients treated with subcutaneous immunoglobulin
Authors: Cirillo Giovanni , Todisco Vincenzo , Ricciardi Dario , Tedeschi Gioacchino 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionDespite the well‐described clinical efficacy of long‐term subcutaneous immunoglobulin (LT‐SCIg) in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) patients, the neurophysiological effects of SCIg have been followed only for a short time and were not correlated with clinical parameters.MethodsFourteen CIDP patients were evaluated at baseline and after LT‐SCIg administration for 24 to 48 months. Nerve conduction studies were performed and clinical features were assessed for: (a) overall strength, by Medical Research Council sum score; (b) sensory function, by Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause And Treatment score; (c) disability, by Rasch‐built overall disability scale; (d) quality of life (QoL), by the EuroQol Visual Analog Scale.ResultsLT‐SCIg treatment improved clinical and neurophysiological features, preserving strength and improving sensory deficits, disability, and QoL. Clinical scores correlated with the amplitude of distal motor action (dCMAP) and sensory nerve action (SNAP) potentials.DiscussionLT‐SCIg treatment demonstrates efficacy in maintaining and continuing clinical improvement at 24 to 48 months after start of treatment. dCMAP and SNAP amplitudes represent useful prognostic factors for functional outcome.
Ultrasound‐guided dry needling decreases pain in patients with piriformis syndrome
Authors: Tabatabaiee Abbas , Takamjani Ismail Ebrahimi , Sarrafzadeh Javad , Salehi Reza , Ahmadi Maryam 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionPiriformis muscle syndrome (PMS) is a disorder that can lead to symptoms of buttock pain and limited hip‐joint mobility, and may have an impact on quality of life.MethodsThirty‐two patients with PMS were randomized to the treatment group, which included three sessions of ultrasound‐guided dry needling (DN) of the piriformis muscle (n = 16), or a waitlist control group (n = 16). The primary outcome was pain intensity measured on the visual analog scale recorded at baseline and then at 72 hours and 1 week after treatment.ResultsAt 1‐week follow‐up, pain intensity was significantly less in the DN group than in the waitlist control group (−2.16 [−1.01 to −3.32], P = .007) by an amount consistent with clinically meaningful improvement.DiscussionThe findings suggest that DN resulted in clinically meaningful short‐term improvement in pain intensity of patients with PMS.
A bond‐based peridynamic model considering effects of particle rotation and shear influence coefficient
Authors: Zheng Guojun , Shen Guozhe , Xia Yang , Hu Ping 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe classical bond‐based peridynamic (BPD) model is limited with a fixed Poisson's ratio. To overcome this limitation, an improved BPD model is proposed to analyze the deformation and crack propagation of microelastic brittle materials with emphasis on varying Poisson's ratios. In the proposed model, the bond is subjected to axial and transverse pairwise forces, and the particle rotation angle is added to eliminate the additional bending moment caused by transverse forces, which is a key factor to satisfy the balance of angular momentum exactly. As a result, the bond not only has axial displacement but also has transverse displacement and particle rotation. This extension in the displacement mode overcomes the limitation of the fixed Poisson's ratio in the classical BPD model. The simulation results demonstrate the precision of the improved BPD model and prove its ability to predict deformations and crack propagations.
Experimental and numerical study on the tensile properties of T‐joints with low Z‐pin volume density
Authors: Li Mengjia , Chen Puhui , Li Xiping , Gong Ningning 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExperiments and simulations were carried out to study the tensile performance of unreinforced and Z‐pinned composite T‐joints with low Z‐pin density (Z‐pin spacing larger than 5 mm). It was found that the initial load drop of the Z‐pinned specimen was obviously smoother than that of the unpinned specimen, and the improvement to the ultimate strength of the T‐joint was over 45% by Z‐pinning. Besides, the tensile performance of the Z‐pinned T‐joint was significantly related to the distance of the Z‐pin to the symmetry plane of the T‐joint and Z‐pin diameter, while was independent of the column spacing. Regarding the numerical study, the proposed macro T‐joint model was found to be capable of successfully predicting the tensile performance of Z‐pinned and unreinforced T‐joints in terms of both load‐displacement response and damage mode.
Synthesis and characterization of degradable hyperbranched poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline)
Authors: Ali Muhammad Waqas , Cheng Siyuan , Si Jianhao , Siddiq Muhammad , Ye Xiaodong 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTHyperbranched poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) was synthesized by a combination of cationic ring‐opening polymerization and the oxidation of thiol to disulfide groups. A three‐arm star poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEtOx) was first synthesized using 1,3,5‐tris(bromomethyl) benzene as an initiator. The star PEtOx was end‐capped with potassium ethyl xanthate. Similarly, a linear PEtOx was synthesized and end‐capped with potassium ethyl xanthate using benzyl bromide as an initiator. Hyperbranched PEtOx was then obtained by in situ cleaving and subsequent oxidation of the star PEtOx and linear PEtOx mixture with n‐butylamine as both a cleaving agent and a base in tetrahydrofuran. The linear PEtOx was used to prevent the formation of gel. The hyperbranched PEtOx can be cleaved with dithiothreitol to trithiol and monothiol polymer. The hyperbranched PEtOx shows no remaining thiols using Ellman's assay. The resulting hyperbranched PEtOx was hydrolyzed to a novel hyperbranched polyethyleneimine with degradable disulfide linkages. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2030–2037
Structural Strategies for Germanium‐Based Anode Materials to Enhance Lithium Storage
Authors: Hao Jian , Wang Yanxia , Guo Qingjie , Zhao Jiupeng , Li Yao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecently, germanium (Ge) has been arousing increasing interest as an anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and other energy storage devices due to its high theoretical capacity (1600 mAh g−1) and low operating voltage. There are still some critical problems to be solved before Ge can meet the high requirements for practical applications. In this Review, a series of attempts on rational design and synthesis of Ge‐based anode materials during the past few years are summarized. Structural and composition strategies that could resolve the issue of vast volume changes in Ge during cycling and enhance their electrochemical properties are focused on. The main strategies include designing nanostructures and forming Ge‐based composites and Ge‐based alloys. Lastly, the challenges for practical implementation of Ge anodes within the context of current LIB systems are discussed.
Prenatal exposure to opioid maintenance treatment and neonatal outcomes: Nationwide registry studies from the Czech Republic and Norway
Authors: Handal Marte , Nechanská Blanka , Skurtveit Svetlana , Lund Ingunn Olea , Gabrhelík Roman , Engeland Anders , Mravčík Viktor 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere is lack of knowledge about the safety of treatment with methadone and buprenorphine as part of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to examine neonatal outcomes concerning the use of OMT during pregnancy. We used nationwide registry linkages from the Czech Republic (2000‐2014) and Norway (2004‐2013). We compared prenatally OMT–exposed newborns with (a) newborns of women hospitalized with opioid use disorder during pregnancy in the Czech sample and (b) newborns with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in Norway. We performed multivariate linear and binary logistic regression exploring the associations between OMT and neonatal outcomes (growth parameters, gestational age, fetal death, small for gestational age, Apgar score, and NAS). Regression coefficients (b) and odds ratios (ORs) were estimated. The cohorts consisted of 333 Czech, and 235 Norwegian OMT–exposed newborns, and 106 and 294 newborns in the comparison groups, respectively. In both countries, the neonatal growth parameters were similar in the OMT and the comparison groups. In Norway, OMT exposure prolonged gestational age (adjusted b = 0.96 weeks, 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.39‐1.53) while the odds of preterm birth and Apgar score at 5 minutes were lower than in the comparison group (adjusted OR = 0.35, 0.16‐0.75 and aOR = 0.21, 0.06‐0.78, respectively). Newborns of women in OMT had similar growth parameters as newborns of women with opioid use disorders who were not in OMT during pregnancy. Overall, our findings do not suggest that OMT results in worse neonatal outcomes.
Settlement intention of migrants in the Yangtze River Delta, China: The importance of city‐scale contextual effects
Authors: Dang Yunxiao , Chen Yu , Dong Guanpeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMillions of Chinese migrants have moved from the countryside to cities to seek job opportunities and a better life. Under the policy shift from “land‐based urbanisation” to “people‐oriented urbanisation,” it is important to understand what determines migrants' settlement intentions. Although previous studies have primarily focused on sociodemographic impacts on settlement intention, the role of city‐level contexts is understudied. Drawing upon data, the 2015 Migrant Dynamic Monitoring Survey in the Yangtze River Delta, this paper addresses this gap by examining the impact of contextual features in host cities, including population size, employment structure, wage levels, and house prices on migrants' settlement intentions. We find that house prices are negatively associated with migrants' decision to settle, and wage levels have a positive effect on migrants with tertiary education. Cities with over 10 million residents or high administrative status are particularly attractive to migrants wishing to settle in urban environments.
Spatial and seasonal variability of clouds over the southwest Indian Ocean based on the DARDAR mask product
Authors: Vérèmes Hélène , Listowski Constantino , Delanoë Julien , Barthe Christelle , Tulet Pierre , Bonnardot François , Roy Denis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present a characterization of the variability of clouds over the southwest Indian Ocean between 2007 and 2010. Cloud occurrence is derived from the DARDAR (raDAR/liDAR) mask, a synergistic product based on Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) and CloudSat measurements. It provides a target classification for hydrometeors. We demonstrate that this product is suitable for studying the vertical, spatial and seasonal cloud distribution in the southwest Indian Ocean. The variability of cloud occurrence increases approaching the tropics: the average maximum amplitude of monthly occurrence is ∼7% between 30°S and 60°S and ∼14% between 10°S and 30°S. The 10–30°S latitudinal band exhibits the largest contrasts: summer (winter) total cloud occurrence is mainly driven by high‐ (low‐) level clouds. The vertical distribution of clouds differs on either side of 55°E and this is related to a land–ocean contrast and to large‐scale influence. In winter, east of 55°E, the maximum of cloud occurrence corresponds to warm and mixed‐phased precipitating clouds associated with the Mascarene High. In summer, west of 55°E, the vertical distribution of cloud occurrence is driven by deep convection associated with the InterTropical Convergence Zone and the Near Equatorial Trough. The vertical distribution of cloud occurrence shows an interannual variability that is related to El Niño events. The influence of other oscillation modes should be further investigated.
Paper spray screening and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry confirmation for medication adherence testing: A two‐step process
Authors: Costa Catia , Frampas Cecile , Longman Katherine A. , Palitsin Vladimir , Ismail Mahado , Sears Patrick , Nilforooshan Ramin , Bailey Melanie J. 
Published: August 2019

RationalePaper spray offers a rapid screening test without the need for sample preparation. The incomplete extraction of paper spray allows for further testing using more robust, selective and sensitive techniques such as liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Here we develop a two‐step process of paper spray followed by LC/MS to (1) rapidly screen a large number of samples and (2) confirm any disputed results. This demonstrates the applicability for testing medication adherence from a fingerprint.MethodsFollowing paper spray analysis, drugs of abuse samples were analysed using LC/MS. All analyses were completed using a Q Exactive™ Plus Orbitrap™ mass spectrometer. This two‐step procedure was applied to fingerprints collected from patients on a maintained dose of the antipsychotic drug quetiapine.ResultsThe extraction efficiency of paper spray for two drugs of abuse and metabolites was found to be between 15 and 35% (analyte dependent). For short acquisition times, the extraction efficiency was found to vary between replicates by less than 30%, enabling subsequent analysis by LC/MS. This two‐step process was then applied to fingerprints collected from two patients taking the antipsychotic drug quetiapine, which demonstrates how a negative screening result from paper spray can be resolved using LC/MS.ConclusionsWe have shown for the first time the sequential analysis of the same sample using paper spray and LC/MS, as well as the detection of an antipsychotic drug from a fingerprint. We propose that this workflow may also be applied to any type of sample compatible with paper spray, and will be especially convenient where only one sample is available for analysis.