bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacteriology and cytology of otic exudates in 41 cavalier King Charles spaniels with primary secretory otitis media
Authors: Cole Lynette K. , Rajala‐Schultz Päivi J. , Lorch Gwendolen , Daniels Joshua B. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundPrimary secretory otitis media (PSOM) in the cavalier King Charles spaniel (CKCS) is similar to otitis media with effusion (OME) in humans. A proposed aetiology ofOMEis inflammation of the middle ear mucosa, usually due to bacterial infection, leading to auditory tube dysfunction.Hypothesis/ObjectivesOur objective was to characterize the microbiological and cytological findings of otic exudates from the external ear canal (EEC) (n = 68) and middle ear (ME) (n = 69) from 41CKCSs withPSOM.Methods and materialsSwab samples from theEECand mucus aspirated from theMEafter performing a myringotomy were obtained for bacterial culture and cytological analysis.ResultsFifty‐five of 68 (81%)EECand 46 of 69 (67%)MEyielded no bacterial growth. Thirty‐eight of the 68 (56%) ears had no microbial growth from neither theEECnorME; seven (10%) had bacteria isolated from theEEConly; 17 (25%) had bacteria isolated from theMEonly, and six (8%) had bacteria isolated from bothEECandME. Thirty‐four total bacterial isolates were cultured fromME. The most common bacterial species isolated were coagulase‐negative staphylococci, followed byStaphylococcus pseudintermedius. Otic cytology identified coccoid organisms in only three of 68EECand four of 69ME.ConclusionsThe role of bacteria in the pathogenesis ofPSOMinCKCSis unclear. The majority of theEECandMEof theCKCSwithPSOMwere negative by conventional bacterial culture and the cytological presence of bacteria was not correlated with culture positives. The potential role of noncultivable microbiota inPSOMrequires exploration using molecular methods.
Overcoming seed dormancy in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) with exogenous compounds
Authors: Schwabe S , Weber E A , Gesell S , Gruber S , Claupein W 
Published: January 2019

SummaryDormant seeds of oilseed rape (OSR) can persist in the soil and cause OSR volunteers in subsequent crops. Several approaches were tested in the laboratory and in the field to determine whether dormancy induction and seed persistence can be reduced by using dormancy‐breaking exogenous compounds. In a laboratory experiment, OSR seeds were coated with KNO3, micronutrients, or gibberellic acid (GA) prior to a secondary dormancy test. In a field experiment, seeds were coated in a manner analogous to the laboratory experiment, and then buried 10 cm deep in the soil for 2.5 months. In a practical demonstration, OSR plants were sprayed with either urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) or a commercial product containing GA prior to seed maturity. Seed coating (laboratory and field experiments) reduced secondary dormancy and seed persistence in the field by up to 99%. The efficiency of the treatments for mitigating secondary dormancy (laboratory and field experiments) in decreasing order was GA > micronutrients > KNO3 > control. With pre‐maturity spraying (practical demonstration), UAN reduced primary dormancy by up to 77% and the development of secondary dormancy by up to 38%; GA had no effect. Dormancy and seed persistence of OSR seeds may be reduced by a pre‐maturity UAN treatment of OSR mother plants, or by applying appropriate exogenous compounds to OSR seeds.
Perspectives on issues and the application of the innovative procurement approaches for the Industrialised Building System (IBS)
Authors: Tajul Ariffin Hamizah Liyana , Mohd Norhazren Izatie , Mustaffa Nur Emma , Bandi Shamsulhadi , Mei Chee Cecelia Ho 
Published: January 2019

Malaysia is making an aggressive effort of transformation to become a fully developed country. As one of the pillars for transformation, the construction industry has been undergoing a major reform with regard to the traditional method of construction. In recent years, the Industrialised Building System (IBS) has been promoted extensively with the government taking a lead with the practice. Studies showed that IBS has been able to expedite construction process, improve the time taken to accomplish a project, improve building quality, able to control cost and human resources, which in overall, raise occupational health and safety standard of construction. Despite, as most IBS projects were carried out under the traditional procurement method, the full benefits of IBS are somehow obscured. Several issues such as work delay, lack of communication and integration, lack of knowledge and an increase in cost, which are synonymous to the traditional procurement method appear to outweigh the benefit of IBS. Hence, this research aims to suggest an alternative to the traditional procurement method with regard to IBS project implementation. The focus of this research has been on the challenges and innovative procurement methods most suited for IBS project. Two objectives were outlined: (1) to identify issues faced by the client on current procurement method in IBS project; and (2) to identify the client’s perspective on innovative procurement method most suited for IBS project. Data for this research was collected through semi-structured interviews with five respondents from five major developers having experience in IBS project implementation. The results from the thematic analysis revealed that apart from the common issues which ascend from the sequential nature of the traditional procurement method, design integration issue was opined to aggravate the situation. Unanimously, respondents agreed that partnering is the way forward for IBS project implementation in the Malaysian construction industry. This research contributes by providing important pointers for the local construction industry to move forward with IBS project implementation.
Exploring gamification approach in hazard identification training for Malaysian construction industry
Authors: Mohd Norhazren Izatie , Ali Kherun Nita , Bandi Shamsulhadi , Ismail Fuziah 
Published: January 2019

In recent years gaming products have increasingly been used to enhance learning and training development in academic and commercial sectors. Games have become more pervasive; they have been adopted for use in many industries and sectors such as defence, medicine, architecture, education, and city planning and government as tools for workers development. In Malaysia, it has been reported that the construction industry holds the third highest record of occurrences of accidents at work. Therefore, safety training is inevitable to reduce the alarming rate of accidents on construction sites. However, currently, available safety training approaches are still lacking in terms of delivering hands-on training and are more theoretical- instead of being more practical-based. This is due to the nature of the construction environment itself in which safety training involving certain hazards that cannot be implemented hands-on as it may bring harm to trainers, trainees and the environment. Gaming is an approach that applies technology to provide an almost real experience with interactive field training, and also supporting the theory of learning by doing with real case scenario. The purpose of this paper is to seek and explore the differences in existing gamification genres such as simulation game, role-playing, action game, strategy game and etc. Data were collected through available literature. The findings of the study show that serious game is a suitable genre to be adopted as an approach in hazard identification training for the construction industry in Malaysia.
Challenges for Peacebuilding and Citizenship Learning in Colombia
Authors: Guerra-Sua Ángela María 
Published: January 2019

Some education practices can impede learning democratic citizenship agency by reinforcing injustices or omitting dissenting perspectives. Other practices may help address conflict issues through problem-posing inquiry activities. This literature review explores the ways social sciences’ curriculum practices can select knowledges that enhance peace or exacerbates violence. Considering peace and conflict theories, I highlight the limitations and possibilities for peacebuilding of Colombia’s citizenship and social sciences’ curricula. Also, I discuss the ways certain social studies curriculum decisions (selections and omissions) may reproduce violence, injustice and passivity. Finally, I discuss how certain practices may develop critical citizenship capacities to handle conflicts.
Percepción del alumnado universitario respecto al modelo pedagógico de clase invertida
Authors: Sánchez-Rivas Enrique , Sánchez-Rodríguez José , Ruiz-Palmero Julio 
Published: January 2019

Este artículo recoge una investigación enfocada a descubrir la percepción del alumnado universitario sobre determinadas ventajas atribuidas al modelo pedagógico de aula invertida. La recogida de datos se realizó a través de un cuestionario aplicado a dos grupos formados por alumnado matriculado en una misma asignatura. El análisis de datos partió del estudio de los estadísticos descriptivos. Para la comparativa entre los grupos se aplicó la prueba t de Student sobre sus puntuaciones medias. Los resultados apuntan a que el alumnado percibe ventajas en el plano didáctico asociadas al modelo pedagógico de aula invertida.
Incorporating Student-Led Design Projects in Instrumentation and Measurements Laboratory
Authors: Foust Emine Celik 
Published: January 2019

Proposal-based design projects are an effective tool for teaching and reinforcing fundamental concepts. These projects require significant time investment for both students and faculty. Studies have shown that execution of these projects leads to larger knowledge retention. This paper illustrates the examples of student-led projects developed during instrumentation and measurement laboratory class.
The Instrumentation and Measurement Laboratory is a requirement of the Mechanical Engineering program at York College of Pennsylvania. The class features an introduction to experimental design, measurement and data analysis. The number of credits dedicated to this class is one laboratory credit. Description of the course, student outcomes, class exercises and examples of student-led design projects are illustrated. In the current paper, these projects include the study of water hammer characteristics in a pipe, force measurements on two types of bicycle helmets, and light intensity measurements for five different light bulbs. Outcomes of student surveys and recommendations for future class offerings are also included.
Photo-Acoustic Based Non-Contact and Non-Destructive Evaluation for Detection of Damage Precursors in Composites
Authors: Wang Siqi , Xiang Liangzhong , Liu Yingtao , Liu Hong 
Published: January 2019

Damage precursor in composites can lead to large structural damages, such as delamination, in carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites due to complex load conditions and environmental effects. In addition, multiple types of damage precursors including micro-scale matrix cracks, fiber pull-out from matrix, and fiber breakages, are extremely difficult to detect due to the limitation of resolution of current non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technologies.
This paper presents a photo-acoustic based non-contact NDE system for the detection of damage precursors with extremely high resolution up to one hundred micrometers. This system consists of three major components: picoseconds pulsed laser based ultrasonic actuator, ultrasound receiver, and data processing and computing subsystem. Picoseconds pulsed laser is used to generate ultrasonic propagations in composites during the NDE process, and the ultrasound signals are recorded by the ultrasound receiver. Three-dimensional microstructure of the individual composites grid within the composite is able to be reconstructed for further analysis. The size and position of the damage precursors are evaluated with high accuracy up to 100 μm. The experimental results demonstrate that this imaging system is able to provide a novel non-contact approach with extremely high resolution for damage detection of CFRP composites. In addition, the developed NDE system has a wide industrial application in aerospace, automobile, civil, mechanical, and other key industries.
Sawing Status Prediction of Diamond Sawblade Sawing Concrete Based on the Characteristics of Material Composition
Authors: Hu Shanshan , Yang Fan , Yang Zili , Xiong Feixiang , Shi Weiwei , Tang Hongqun 
Published: January 2019

Diamond sawblade is an efficient tool to building renovation or demolition. Concrete used in construction is a typical composite material with random distribution, which is difficult to accurately identify and predict even under the same processing conditions, and tool life of diamond sawblade is difficult to control.
In this paper, by cutting out single component of the hard and soft aggregate separately from concrete, the single component and concrete experiments were carried out to understand the sawing characteristics of different components. The wavelet decomposition was used to analyze the characteristic of each frequency band of the different components sawing force and vibration signals, and the sensitive frequency bands after correlation coefficient and energy ratio variation of each wavelet layer were extracted to judge the bluntness status of sawblade. By taking the Root-Mean-Square (RMS) value, the energy ratio of d2 and d5 wavelet layers and the standard deviation of sawing force and vibration signal as the characteristic values of the sawblade, a neural network optimized by bat algorithm was established to analyze the concrete processing signals and predict the working state of the sawblade. Evidence theory was adopted to combine the prediction results of sawing force and vibration samples to increase the overall prediction accuracy and reliability. The test sample showed that this method can correct inconsistent individual sensor predictions while being as close to the actual status value as possible. It provides an effective tool life prediction way of the diamond sawblade and a theoretical method for the monitoring of non-metallic materials with inhomogeneous components.
Minimizing Pain in Below Knee Amputees’ Patients Wearing Prosthetic Socket by Increasing Flexibility in Specific Relief Areas
Authors: Nehme Gabi , Khalife Yousef , Chagoury Antoun , Dib Nehme Micheline 
Published: January 2019

Background: Pressure distribution for transtibial amputees (TTA) patients varies at the limb socket interface according to several factors. Although socket technology is getting more advanced, the majority of researchers are still facing problems with relief areas.
Objectives: This study focused on the theoretical and experimental aspects of the design to figure out patients’ sensitivity to pain when wearing sockets. Relief areas were analyzed using data collected from patients’ centers and optimized under different static and dynamic conditions.
Methods: Finite element trials and DOE optimization using Design Expert 8 software and analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that holes with relief areas are appropriates for lower extremities patients where scanning electron images (SEM) of the worn areas show direct relations between relieved sockets with holes at fibula head (FH) and patient lifestyle and activity.
Clinical Relevance: A patient that moves rather slowly, as a result of old age or sedentary level of activity would greatly benefit from the FH socket hole implementation, and thus reduces the wear of socket materials after longer period of time and increases the level of comfort of patient skins. the interviews conducted were evident that patients endured pain at the PT and FH. Moreover, further studies were performed on the FH, and results revealed that lateral forces play a major role and is influenced by the lifestyle of the patient.
An Influence of the Numerical Modeling of the Transition Between the Stator and Rotor on the Thermodynamic Condensation Loss in the Low-Pressure Part of a Steam Turbine
Authors: Jun Guk-chol , Mrózek Lukáš 
Published: January 2019

Accuracy of numerical simulation of non-equilibrium steam condensation is strongly influenced by a condensation model, i.e. a nucleation rate model and a droplet growth model. Numerical studies of steam condensation in Laval nozzles show that the choice of the condensation model has a significant influence on nucleation rate, position of nucleation zone and consequently steam wetness and the droplet size in the nozzle outlet.
It is necessary to model the transition area between rotating-rotor and stationary part-stator in numerical simulations of steam flow in steam turbines. For this purpose, “Stage” and “Frozen rotor” rotor-stator interface models are widely used.
The aim of the present work has been to analyze how the numerical modeling of the rotor-stator transition area together with the condensation model influences the result of numerical simulation of flow with non-equilibrium steam condensation in the low pressure part of steam turbine of large power output.
Finite Element Educational Program Improves Mechanical Engineering Technology Student Performance in the Finite Element Class
Authors: Ozlek Serdar 
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this paper is to develop Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) in MATLAB’s1 Finite Element educational program and describe how MATLAB GUI programs have been used as educational tools to train Engineering Technology students and improve the success of the students in the Finite Element course.
The complexity of FE analysis forces most of the course to focus on the theoretical aspects of generating FEA models, rather than the application of this analysis tool to solve real world problems. New tools are needed to improve the teaching of Finite Element due to the complexity of FE analysis. FEA can be performed by many commercial difficult FEA software with very specific data entry requirements available in the market. Engineering Technology students improve their learning when the coursework is less theoretical, and more application. Hence, a graphical user interface (GUI) application can provide an additional tool to help teach Engineering technology students. The Finite Element Educational Program has been developed to make the course more challenging to increase the interest in the finite element course of the students and overcome the difficulties of complex software.
I have developed a Finite Element Educational Program using a MATLAB GUI for spring, bar, truss and beam elements to improve student learning of difficult engineering concepts, along with gaining essential knowledge of finite element analysis and design content knowledge. For example, the total stiffness matrix and reduced matrix for the given problem are calculated in the designed program, and these calculated values are not available in any commercial FEA software because these programs are not aimed at education. For over five years, The Finite Element Educational Program results show improvement in student knowledge of difficult engineering concepts and has made finite element lessons easier for students to learn and understand.
Evaluation of In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Stresses in Composite Structures Subjected to Large Displacements/Rotations
Authors: Pagani Alfonso , Augello Riccardo , Carrera Erasmo 
Published: January 2019

In many engineering applications, such as civil, mechanical and aerospace, large displacements and rotations may occur within the working composite structures, due to the extreme loading conditions that may occur during service. This afflicts the equilibrium states of the structures and could change them, eventually, in a catastrophic manner. Therefore, it may be necessary to predict the nonlinear stress conditions of the laminated structures through numerical simulation, in order to prevent the failure of the entire system.
To take into account these conditions, a geometrical nonlinear analysis has to be performed. The nonlinear framework proposed in this work is based on the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF). CUF is a hierarchical formulation that considers the order of the structural model as an input of the analysis, so that no specific formulations are needed to obtain any refined model. The possibility to generate high-order structural elements makes possible to analyze any loading cases, including the post-buckling situation. Furthermore, this methodology allows to evaulate of the full three-dimensional stress tensor in laminated structures. In fact, as CUF is able to calculate the stiffness matrix in an automatic manner, there is no need to include any simplification to evaluate the out-of-plane components of the stress tensor.
Design and Testing of Liquid Cooled Thermal Solution for High Loading (Socket P) Processors
Authors: Soto Anali , Torreblanca Veronica , Kulkarni Devdatta 
Published: January 2019

In recent years, semiconductor industry has manufactured processors which can be socketed and installed using specially designed retention mechanisms. Due to increased power and I/O capabilities for processors from generation to generation, the number of pins on the socket is increasing. This pin number increase is translated directly to increased retention loading force on thermal management solutions for reliable electrical contact and thermal interface material actuation. For recent generation of Intel® Xeon® Scalable Processor Family, a maximum retention force of 1334 N (300 lbf) needs to be transferred to the socket via thermal solution i.e. heat sink or cold plate. In liquid cooling applications, this high loading requirement calls for a stiffer cold plate.
At the same time, other regulatory and thermal requirements such as burst pressure and thermal performance need to be satisfied. A liquid cooled thermal solution was developed for the Intel® Xeon® Scalable Processor Family Platform. This thermal solution considers a modular bracket design which allows changing the material responsible for the load application on the thermal solution for a stronger and/or lighter one, without impacting the thermal performance due to material selection. This paper presents the design strategy, numerical analysis, test fixture setup for mechanical and thermal analysis, and prototype test results for mechanical and thermal performance of designed cold plates. This paper will be helpful to guide the thermal community to design a liquid cooled thermal solution for future generation of processors in data center applications and as well as for different electronic components.