bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forest stand biomass of Picea spp.: an additive model that may be related to climate and civilisational changes
Authors: Usoltsev Vladimir А. , Piernik Agnieszka , Osmirko Anna A. , Tsepordey Ivan S. , Chasovskikh Viktor P. , Zukow Walery 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Since ancient times, climate change has largely determined the fate of human civilisation, which was related mainly to changes in the structure and habitats of forest cover. In the context of current climate change, one must know the capabilities of forests to stabilise the climate by increasing biomass and carbon-depositing abilities. For this purpose, the authors compiled a database of harvest biomass (t/ha) in 900 spruce (Picea spp.) sample plots in the Eurasian area and used the methodology of multivariate regression analysis. The first attempt at modelling changes in the biomass additive component composition has been completed, according to the Trans-Eurasian hydrothermal gradients. It is found that the biomass of all components increases with the increase in the mean January temperature, regardless of mean annual precipitation. In warm zonal belts with increasing precipitation, the biomass of most of the components increases. In the process of transitioning from a warm zone to a cold one, the dependence of all biomass components upon precipitation is levelled, and at a mean January temperature of ˗30°C it becomes a weak negative trend. With an increase in temperature of 1°C in different ecoregions characterised by different values of temperature and precipitation, there is a general pattern of decrease in all biomass components. With an increase in precipitation of 100 mm in different ecoregions characterised by different values of temperature and precipitation, most of the components of biomass increase in warm zonal belts, and decrease in cold ones. The development of such models for the main forest-forming species of Eurasia will make it possible to predict changes in the productivity of the forest cover of Eurasia due to climate change.
Selected aspects of water and sewage management in Poland in the context of sustainable urban development
Authors: Lewandowska Aleksandra , Piasecki Adam 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Effective water and sewage management is one of the most important enablers of sustainable urban development. In Poland, water and sewage management has been undergoing systematic transformation since the 1990s. This process intensified with Poland’s accession to the European Union in 2004. The aim of the work is to analyse and evaluate water and sewage management in cities in Poland in terms of sustainable development. This was made possible by selecting seven variables from which a summative index (SI) was calculated. The analysis revealed a number of positive changes that have occurred in this field. These were mainly: a decrease in water consumption in households and industry, and an increased share of wastewater treated biologically or using enhanced nutrient removal in total wastewater. An increase in SI was found in 98% of the researched cities. The largest improvement in water and sewage management took place in cities of populations below 100,000 and little industry, and in three large cities, namely Warsaw and Szczecin.
Epiphytic diatom assemblages on invasive Caulerpa taxifolia and autochthonous Halimeda tuna and Padina sp. seaweeds in the Adriatic Sea – summer/autumn aspect
Authors: Car Ana , Witkowski Andrzej , Dobosz Sławomir , Jasprica Nenad , Ljubimir Stijepo , Zgłobicka Izabela 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study focuses on the taxonomy of epiphytic diatoms in the area of invasive macroalgae from the genus Caulerpa. Caulerpa species are characterized by the presence of secondary metabolites, such as caulerpenyne (CYN), the main function of which is a chemical defense mechanism against herbivores and epiphytes. Epiphytic diatoms were studied on fronds of Caulerpa taxifolia (“killer seaweed”) and, for comparison, on autochthonous macroalgae Padina sp. and Halimeda tuna at the eastern Adriatic Sea coast (Island of Hvar) in the summer and autumn of 2010. The qualitative analysis was performed with the use of light and scanning electron microscopy. The Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index determined for Caulerpa taxifolia showed a wide range of values (3.11–4.88), with a maximum in August and a minimum in October. While the number of taxa on Caulerpa taxifolia fronds increased from June (41) to August (88), it declined in autumn due to the high relative abundance of Cocconeis caulerpacola, which is a diatom typical for Caulerpa. On the other hand, the largest number of taxa on Padina sp. was observed in September (82). The detailed composition of epiphytic diatoms and seasonal dynamics in the area affected by the invasive macroalga Caulerpa taxifolia have been determined for the first time.
Decomposition products of cylindrospermopsin – a cyanotoxin produced by Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska)
Authors: Adamski Michal , Żmudzki Paweł , Bialczyk Jan , Kaminski Ariel , Chrapusta-Srebrny Ewelina , Bober Beata , Duchnik Kornelia 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Toxins produced by cyanobacteria (cyanotoxins) and released into water have become a serious problem worldwide due to the increasing morbidity and mortality of living organisms they have caused. The ability to synthesize the cytotoxic alkaloid cylindrospermopsin (CYN) has been demonstrated in several freshwater species of cyanobacteria. CYN is highly chemically stable under environmental factors and decomposes only under alkaline conditions, where it forms derivatives. The toxicity potential of the decomposition products formed at pH 10 combined with high temperature (100°C) or UV-B irradiation (36 μmol m−2 s−1) has been research based on the crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus (Thamnotoxkit FTM) and bacteria Vibrio fischeri (Deltatox® II) bioassays. This paper is a continuation and completion of our previous experiments and the obtained results showed that the applied conditions contributed to the decomposition of the CYN molecule to non-toxic products and its structural modifications by separating the uracil ring or/and the sulfate group from the tricyclic guanidine moiety, leading to a reduction in its toxicity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the toxicity of CYN decomposition products formed under alkaline conditions combined with boiling temperature or UV-B irradiation.
Diet and feeding ecology ofEriocheir sinensison the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea and in the Tagus Estuary, Portugal
Authors: J. Wójcik-Fudalewska Dagmara , Normant-Saremba Monika , Kolasa Agata , M. Anastácio Pedro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe feeding ecology of the Chinese mitten crabEriocheir sinensiswas studied by analyzing the stomach fullness and its content with regard to sex, size and brackish water habitats occurring on the coast of the Baltic Sea (Gulf of Gdańsk and Vistula Lagoon, Poland) and the Atlantic (Tagus Estuary, Portugal). The presented results show that neither the site, sex (except the Gulf of Gdańsk) nor the size of an individual had a significant (p> 0.05) effect on the stomach fullness ofE. sinensis. However, the type of food consumed was significantly (p< 0.05) correlated with the inhabited locality. The stomachs of crabs contained the remains of animal and plant origin, as well as detritus. The remains of animals (Bivalvia, Amphipoda, Gastropoda and Polychaeta) were more frequently found in the crabs from the Gulf of Gdańsk, while the remains of plants (Tracheophyta, Chlorophyta) were most often found in the stomachs of crabs from the Vistula Lagoon and the Tagus Estuary. Detritus was found only in the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Vistula Lagoon. Research indicates that the feeding ecology of omnivoreE. sinensisis habitat specific, which should be taken into account when assessing the risk associated with this invasive species.
Evidence of cultural eutrophication of the Gulf of Gdańsk based on diatom analysis
Authors: Pędziński Jarosław , Witak Małgorzata 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to reconstruct the environmental changes in the Gulf of Gdańsk in the last 200 years. Four subbottom sediment cores were analyzed with respect to diatom flora and anthropogenic effects. The so-called “anthropogenic assemblage” – a result of cultural eutrophication – was observed in the surface sediments. Changes in the species composition may have been caused by the increased use of fertilizers, nitrogen loads and increasing organic matter concentration. Three phases (A, B and C) were distinguished based on the floristic spectrum, which clearly indicates trophic changes in the study area.
Recruitment patterns of the solitary ascidian Phallusia nigra Savigny, 1816 on artificial substrates submerged in the central Red Sea, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohsin A. Al-Sofyani Abdul , Satheesh Sathianeson 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The solitary ascidian Phallusia nigra is commonly found on hard substrates along the Jeddah coastal waters of the central Red Sea. In this study, the recruitment pattern of P. nigra on artificial substrates was assessed in relation to their type, surface color and orientation. The results showed a higher recruitment rate of the ascidian species on concrete and dark panels. The abundance of the ascidian on test panels varied between the four seasons. The orientation (vertical or horizontal) of the panels did not show any major difference in the recruitment. Significant effects of light intensityon the recruitment of P. nigra were observed on test panels, with higher abundance on panels submerged in the shade. In conclusion, this study clearly indicates the importance of the type and color of substrates in the recruitment of ascidians on artificial materials.
Assessment of the effects of zinc on the growth and antioxidant enzymes in Scenedesmus ellipsoideus Chodat
Authors: Elif Kiliç Hediye , Tunca Hatice , Ongun Sevindik Tuğba , Doğru Ali 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study explores the activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), biomass accumulation and chlorophyll a content in Scenedesmus ellipsoideus Chodat grown under conditions of varying zinc (Zn) concentrations. In addition, the activity of different SOD isozymes (MnSOD, FeSOD and CuZnSOD) was measured separately to determine the intracellular extent of oxidative stress resulting from Zn toxicity. We found that the activity of FeSOD and MnSOD was induced by lower Zn concentration (2 μg ml−1 and 4 μg ml−1, respectively), whereas CuZnSOD activity was not affected, which indicates that chloroplasts are the first location in S. ellipsoideus cells where superoxide accumulation is accelerated by Zn toxicity. The activity of total SOD and APX was significantly increased by moderate Zn concentrations, probably due to some oxidative stress caused by Zn toxicity. The higher level of Zn application, however, led not only to the inhibition of total SOD and APX activity, but also to the reduction of biomass accumulation and chlorophyll a content. As a result, it can be concluded that the accumulation of superoxide radicals and H2O2 in S. ellipsoideus cells induced by Zn toxicity may be responsible for the reduced growth rate and the impairment of photosynthetic pigments.
Life histories of anadromous salmon males reveal a trade-off between primary and secondary sexual traits
Authors: Vladić Tomislav , Järvi Torbjörn , Petersson Erik 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The life-history trade-off between investment in somatic growth and gonadal tissue is caused by individual energy limitations and results in individuals that adopt specific tactics to achieve reproduction. Allocation in primary and secondary sexual traits in Atlantic salmon males was studied by assessing life history traits (smolt size, sea age, growth rate) based on back-calculation of scales, ejaculate energy content (sperm ATP content, mass and density) and the size of secondary sexual traits. We found that males investing less in secondary sexual traits produce ejaculates with a higher energy content. Differences were found in the investment into primary and secondary sexual traits between fish that spent one year in the sea before returning to their spawning grounds (grilse) and multi-sea-winter adults, suggesting that different energy allocation patterns in reproductive effort reflect alternative developmental pathways. These findings are consistent with the pattern where multi-sea-winter male ejaculate investment relies principally on the resource acquisition in the ocean, whereas grilse ejaculate investment relies chiefly on the resource allocation of available surplus energy, thus representing alternative male reproductive tactics.
First record of the alien aquatic oligochaete species Monopylephorus limosus (Hatai, 1898) (Annelida) in Central Europe
Authors: Halabowski Dariusz , Krodkiewska Mariola , Sowa Agnieszka , Lewin Iga 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The paper reports on the first record of the Asian aquatic oligochaete species Monopylephorus limosus (Hatai, 1898) in Central Europe. The species was found in the lower course of the Bolina River (S Poland), which is contaminated with saline mine waters. One immature individual was collected in the late summer of 2017. M. limosus co-occurred with Paranais litoralis, Nais elinguis and juvenile Enchytraeidae. To date, M. limosus is one of the 29 non-native annelids that are known to occur in Poland.
Shapes of otoliths in some Baltic fish and their proportions
Authors: R. Sapota Mariusz , Dąbrowska Violetta 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Otoliths are bony structures inside the fish labyrinth. They are used to determine the age of fish and to identify species based on their remains. The objective of this study was to describe the shape of otoliths in adult European perch (Perca fluviatilis), Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), European sprat (Sprattus sprattus), lesser sand eel (Ammodytes tobianus), great sand eel (Hyperoplus lanceolatus), round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), European eel (Anguilla anguilla), viviparous eelpout (Zoarces viviparus), turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), European flounder (Platichthys flesus), European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus). Fish were caught in the Gulf of Gdańsk. The relationships between the size of otoliths and the length of fish were established for adult European perch, European flounder, Atlantic herring and round goby. Otoliths of taxonomically related species were similar. It was not possible to differentiate otoliths of Ammodytidae, Pleuronectidae, Scophthalamidae, Anguilidae by comparing the presented results with the literature data. Otoliths of Zoarcidae, Osmeridae, Clupeidae, Gadidae, Gobiidae, Percidae and Salmonidae were quite similar but distinguishable. In most of the investigated species, otoliths grow proportionally to the fish size. Their shape does not change during the fish life. The shape of otoliths in the round goby changes significantly. Otoliths of small fish are rounded and significantly lengthen during the growth of fish.
Recessão gengival: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Vitor Glayson Pereira 
Published: September 2019

Recessão Gengival (RG) é definida como o deslocamento apical da margem gengival em relação à junção cemento-esmalte. Objetivo: verificar os possíveis fatores etiológicos e epidemiológicos que permeiam RG através de uma revisão narrativa. Metodologia: foram selecionados estudos transversais, longitudinais e revisões sistemáticas, indexados nas bases de dados do portal de periódico CAPES, MEDLINE e PubMed usando os descritores epidemiologia, etiologia e recessão gengival. Discussão: Levantamentos epidemiológicos e estudos longitudinais reportam que RG é altamente prevalente na população adulta, 88% das pessoas com idade ≥65 anos e 50% entre 18 e 64 anos têm pelo menos um local com RG. Sua etiologia é multifatorial e com diferentes fatores relacionados que podem agir em associação, tais como: biofilme bacteriano, escovação traumática, fatores locais de retenção de placa, tabagismo e movimentação ortodôntica. Conclusão: O mecanismo na qual ocorre a RG ainda não é bem entendido sendo uma particularidade relatada na maioria das populações, tanto em países desenvolvidos quanto em subdesenvolvidos, constitui um evento comum na clínica odontológica, frequentemente percebida pelos indivíduos e levando a busca por orientações profissionais e tratamento.
Caracterização físico-química e atividade antimicrobiana de kefir coletado em diferentes domicílios frente à cepas de Escherichia coli NEWP 0022
Authors: Alves Josyanne de Melo , Lucindo Higor Rafael de Oliveira , Jordão Christiane Oliveira , Rezende Cátia 
Published: September 2019

Os probióticos são microrganismos vivos caracterizados como alimento funcional que desempenham papel fundamental na promoção a saúde. O kefir é muito utilizado na atualidade, é considerada uma bebida láctea fermentada elaborada a partir dos grãos de kefir. Estudos destacam atividade deste probiótico no tratamento de doenças intestinais; propriedade antimicrobiana também é relatada através dos efeitos dos lactobacillus do kefir frente a E. coli. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar a caracterização físico-química e avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de kefir frente a cepas de Escherichia coli NEWP 0022. Foram coletados dois kefir de diferentes domicílios, e analisados durante seis dias verificando sua ação. Utilizando a metodologia de Dornic (teste de acidez titulável) e o teor de glicídios redutores em lactose; e avaliação antimicrobiana pelo método de difusão em poços. O kefir “A” e “B” apresentaram aumento gradual de ácido láctico e diminuição de lactose pós analises. Quando avaliado sua atividade antibacteriana notou-se que o kefir não apresentou ação inibitória à cepas de E. coli NEWP 0022.
Alá Funfun: experiências e saberes no Ilê Axé Ijexá Orixá Olufon, em Itabuna-BA
Authors: Viana Moises dos Santos , De Oliveira Raimundo Nunes , Soares Santos Iajima Silena 
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho é uma reflexão acerca do uso das cores, em especial da cor branca, a partir das experiências vividas no terreiro do Ilê Axé Ijexá Orixá Olufon, na cidade de Itabuna-BA. Nesta perspectiva tem-se relatos dos viveres e práticas da diversidade cultural-religiosa afro-brasileira, compreendendo que essas experiências são perspectivas marcantes no entender dessa comunidade sobre o conceito de Axé, força criadora do universo. Essa força se materializa nos elementos das cores e mostra a identidade de orixá, marcando as relações sociais nesse espaço de terreiro, antes silenciados e até hoje marginalizados. Esses saberes se tornam memória que faz identificar cada filho de santo em sua identidade mítico-humana, dando características específicas, revelando formas de existências e produzindo novos produtos culturais, apresentando novas perspectivas na diversidade cultural no Brasil.
Analysis of the Communityâ€™s Willingness to Pay (WTP) for the Protection of Mangroves in Kuala Langsa, Aceh
Authors: Siregar Zuriana , Syamsuardi Syamsuardi , Rasyidin Azwar , Kamal Eni 
Published: September 2019

Mangrove, as one of the most unique ecosystems, is a great natural resource potential with high productivity and biodiversity able to adapt to harsh areas between the sea and coast. Its destruction rate is very mild as it is estimated to 1% each year (Ong et al., 1991) and 0.7-3% per year (Pedleton et al., 2012). The destruction of mangrove is usually related with human population density (Alongi, 2002). Widespread mangrove destruction affects the loss of biodiversity and other resources and the functioning of the ecosystem. The huge potential of mangrove must be preserved by managing, maintaining and providing costs to protect and improve ecosystems. This study aims to measure Kuala Langsa community membersâ€™ willingness to pay for the preservation and repairationof degrading mangrove. To achieve this goal, Contingent valuation methods was used in this study. Of the 131 respondents involved in this study, 112 or 85.496%Â are willing to pay for the preservation of mangrove. While those unwilling to pay account for 19 or 4.504% . WTP with the households 669 earned by Â is Rp 18,821,512,200/month or Rp 225,858,146,400/year.
Change of Morphological Characters of an Introduced Population of Bilih Fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis Bleeker, Pisces: Cyprinidae) in Toba Lake
Authors: Nofrita Nofrita , Dahelmi Dahelmi , Syandri Hafrijal , Hon Tjong Djong 
Published: September 2019

Population of Bilih Fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis) in Singkarak Lake has decreased as the effect of intensive exploitation and changes in water use function. Many appropriate works have been conducted for the fish conservation. One of them is introducing Bilih fish population to a new habitat,Â Toba Lake. After nine years of releasing the fish, there was a hypothesis that these fish had undergone some changes on their morphology compared to their original population in Singkarak Lake. The changes could occure in some morphological characters and also the increase or decrease of their growth. This study was aimed at comparing morphology characters between Bilih fish introduced to Toba Lake with the original population in Singkarak Lake. Survey method was used and 400 samples of fish were taken from each Singkarak and Toba Lakes. Â Parameters measured were 29 morphological characters. Data were analyzed using Mann Whitney U Test with SPSS 22. The results showed that 27 morphological characters of introduced fish had changed. Characters that had not changed were dorsal fin (anterior end)-anal fin distance (DFAF) and preanal distance (PD). Population of Bilih fish in Toba Lake might keep changing in the process of morphological character differentiation as long as environment factors still support the life of Bilih fish.Â
BUNGA BANK DI SULAWESI SELATAN (MUHAMMADIYAH DAN NU)
Authors: Mansyur Fakhruddin 
Published: September 2019

Tujuan peneitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan atau menjelaskan bagaimana pandangan Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) dan Muhammadiyah tentang penerapan hukum bunga bank di sulawesi selatan. metode penelitian yang dimalai dari 1) Rancangan Penelitian, 2) Data Dan Sumber Data, 3) Teknik Pengumpulan Data, 4) Teknis Analisis Data hasil penelitian bahwa NU sulawesi selatan menggunkan bank syariah itu belum sepenuhnya dan belum ada intruksi khusus dari pusat untuk menggunakan bank syariah, hal ini berbeda dari hasil muktamar NU yang sudah jelas-jelas mengharamkan bunga bank itu artinya ini merupakan intruksi khusus kepada kader NU untuk menggunkan bank syariah. sedangkan Muhammadiyah wilayah sulawesi selatan maka disimpulkan bahwa Muhammadiyah sangat memegan teguh putusan yang telah ditetapkan dan setiap amal usaha dan orton harus mengikuti keputusan pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah.Kata Kunci: Bunga Bank­, NU, Muhammadiyah