bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Kijing (Pilsbryoconcha exilis) Pada Pemulihan Kualitas Sperma Mencit (Mus musculus)
Authors: Sari Erna Yunita , Karyadi Bhakti , Ruyani Aceng , Muslim Choirul 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT[Effect of Kijing Extract (Pilsbryoconcha exilis) on the Recovery of Sperm Quality in Mice (Mus musculus)]. This study aims to determine the effect of Pilsbryoconcha exilis extract on the quality of M. muscullus sperm. The approach used for the study was experiment with a complete randomized design model. In this study, 4 treatments and 5 replications were conducted, including treatment 1 which only administered aquades as control (P0), treatment 2 which only given paracetamol dose 250 mg / kg (P1), and treatment 3 given paracetamol dose 250 mg / kg and P. exilis extract dose 0,46 mg / g (P2) and treatment 4 given paracetamol 250 mg / kg and extract P. exilis 0,69 mg / g (P3). Technique of data analysis using qualitative descriptive and statistical test of One Way Annova parametry, and if obtained significant difference then continued statistic test of Smallest Real Difference. From the results of the study, it was found that P. exilis and paracetamol extract had no effect on sperm quality. Keywords: Sperm; M. muscullus; extract P. exilis; paracetamol.(Received August 14 , 2018; Accepted January 20, 2019; Published February 26, 2019) ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak Pilsbryoconcha exilis terhadap kualitas sperma M. muscullus yang diberi parasetamol. Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk penelitian adalah eksperimen dengan model rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Pada penelitian ini menggunakan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan meliputi perlakuan 1 yang hanya diberikan aquades merupakan kontrol (P0), perlakuan 2 yang hanya diberikan parasetamol dosis 250 mg/kg bb (P1), dan perlakuan 3 yang diberikan parasetamol dosis 250 mg/kg bb dan ekstrak P. exilis dosisi 0,46 mg/g bb (P2) dan perlakuan 4 yang diberikan parasetamol 250 mg/kg bb dan ekstrak P. exilis 0,69 mg/g bb (P3). Teknik analisa data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dan uji statistik parametri One Way Annova, dan jika didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna maka dilanjutkan uji statistic Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT). Dari hasil penelitian diketahui pemberian ekstrak P. exilis dan parasetamol berepengaruh tapi tidak signifikan terhadap kualitas sperma. Kata Kunci: Sperma; M. muscullus; ekstrak P. exilis; parasetamol.
HEALTHCARE LANGUAGE PROGRAM (HELP) TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ ENGLISH PROFICIENCY FOR NURSING ACADEMY TOWARD ASEAN COMMUNITY
Authors: Nurhidayat Eka Nurhidayat 
Published: February 2019

This research aims to convey the development of English proficiency toward Asean community through Healthcare Language Program (HELP) for Nursing Students. The demand of Asean Community is the use of English, as the language of Asean Community. English become a tool for communicating and connecting with other people around Asean Countries. In the Asean community, there will be more developments in Indonesia. Starting from free trade, foreign companies, and also healthcare sector. Not only the case of trade in goods and services, but also in the traffic of people in the context of labor. As an international language, English is required to interact with the global community, especially in the face of the ASEAN Economic Community. In addition, the role of English is also used in writing article for international journal publication. In other case, English can be very helpful in term of searching source of science about nursing which mostly come from international journal. So, nursing students should be able to master English well. In fact most of them encounter problem with English especially concerning with speaking and writing. Those skills are very important for nusring students to face Asean community. They need some activity and program to enhance English proficiency. This study is an investigation of the English program held by STikes Mahardika Cirebon. This study uses descriptive qualitative method. Meanwhile, the data is collected by using observation, interview, as well as documentation. The descriptive qualitative method covers the English proficiency for nursing students through Healthcare language Program (HELP) toward Asean Community. Keywords – English proficiency, Healhcare Language Program, Asean Community
Three Attitudes of a Reflective Teacher
Authors: Nurfaidah Sitti 
Published: February 2019

Reflective teaching practice in second/foreign language teaching education has been the focus of empirical studies attention since early 1990s. Despite the importance of the implementation of reflective teaching practice in the classrooms, there is still limited research on English language teaching in Indonesian context relative to the attitude of reflective teachers as revealed in their reflection. This study examined three attitudes of reflective teachers as proposed by Dewey, i.e. open-mindedness, wholeheartedness, and responsibility. They are considered as part of the keys in identifying the reflectivity state of the teacher. Data from two EFL preservice teachers’ reflection through reflective teaching journals and interview were analyzed using thematic analysis technique to identify emerging themes and to extract narratives of experience. The findings reveal that both of the preservice teachers reflected the three attitudes in their reflection indicating their development in preparing themselves into more professional teacher. This study’s implication on language teacher education program is also discussed. Keywords: reflection, reflective teacher, open-mindedness, wholeheartedness, responsibility
TEACHER’S COMMUNICATIVE TEACHING TO ENCOURAGE STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING
Authors: Rajasa Gilang , Sari Nadia Tiara Antik 
Published: February 2019

Generally, students are intended to be better in four skills matter as well as their critical thinking along learning process in the classroom. Indonesia elementary school curriculum tends to give no option to build deeper prospect of English subject for about 2x35 minutes a week. The study conducted qualitative research method. The data were obtained from two meetings classroom video recording and observation to expose other findings. The sample data were taken from the fourth grade of elementary school students. Next, interviewing the teacher to dig information from the teacher about particular activities and to get teacher’s feedback from the video that has been recorded before. Finally, distributing a questionnaire to the students to gain information from another perspective. The findings showed the teacher is not the only one factor which develops and enhance students’ critical thinking, but the students also contribute to encouraging each other to do the task. They helped other students to speak up and state their mind when the teacher tried to open discussion with the class. Besides, the teacher gave higher and lower order thinking skill to develop, express, and create students’ mindset to think and to be active along in the classroom.
SPEECH ACTS ANALYZE IN DONALD TRUMP’S SPEECH: TRUMP BANS ALL REFUGEES AND CITIZENS OF 7 MAJORITY MUSLIM COUNTRIES ENTERING U.S
Authors: Jimmi Jimmi , Sidauruk Juniato 
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this research is to understand and discuss about Speech Acts of the United Stated of America, Donald Trump. The speech will be discussed linguistically by the writer. In analyzing Trump’s speech, the writer will relate it to the speech acts belong to J. L. Austin, those are: locutionary act, illocutionary act, and perlocutionary act. The analysis that will be elaborated by the writer is about Austin’s types of speech acts contained in Donald Trump’s speech, and then the most and the least types used in Donald Trump’s speech, and also determining does perlocutionary is always exist in every Trump’s utterance. This research is using descriptive qualitative method. In this case, the writer found 10 utterances related to Donald Trump’s speech. In those utterances, there include 10 data of locutionary forces, 10 data of illocutionary forces, but only 2 data that show perlocutionary forces, because not all utterances conduct perlocutionary. Thus, every utterance can be linguistically analyzed, in order to see whether every speech always conduct perlocutionary forces or not.
MERUBAH KARAKTER BIROKRASI INDONESIA BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA
Authors: Eljawati Eljawati 
Published: February 2019

Lawin the discussion of this article is the formal state law and the meaning of power is the power of government (government authority). Embody ideas, values,goals become a matter of law that requiredafactual power or driving force or power required. What is meant by such a power is the power tocarryout the function of the law. Law without power will stay as adesires or mereide as that will nevermaterialize.Legaland in deed must, and absolute powert o complement each other, but the law could beleftt idalahridden by power or political power. Thus it is possible the conﬂ ict between law and power.Sioituasiconﬂ ict is the greatest power in its purest form, he could notaccept the restrictions, laws moreover make it work or providere strictions.Law and power relations can also be done through the use of the or etical approach hes PhilllpePhilippe Nonet and Selznickon the relations hip between law and politics. In the context of this paper theauth or wants togive the same meaning between politic sand power, there fore, is nothing but politicalpower. Relevance between law and politic scan bead opted from the description Nonet and Selz nickrelate to the classiﬁ cation of the type of existing law.Kaywords: politic, character and birocratic
Developing students’ mastery on adjective using a systemic approach
Authors: Mallombasi M , Akil Mansur , Iskandar I 
Published: February 2019

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the systemic approach to develop students’ mastery of adjective. The limitations of adjective mastery in this research were the kind, the use, the form, and the order. This research employed a quasi-experimental design with the non-equivalent control group. Sixty-two students in a private university are majoring in English Education chosen from two classes that were divided into two groups, namely experimental and control group. The experimental group was taught by using a systemic approach, while the control group was taught by using lecturing method. The instruments of this research were adjective tests. The data of the experimental group experienced improvement in their mastery of adjective in terms of kind, use, form, and order indicated by the posttest mean score of experimental group (75.40) that was higher than the posttest mean score of control group (54.6) and the t-test value which was higher than the t-table value (12.991 > 1.671). Furthermore, the researchers found that the element of adjective which experienced most significant development happened on the order. The result of this research indicated that there was significant development between experimental and control class. It means that a systemic approach that was applied in the experimental group could develop the students’ mastery of adjective. Thus it was concluded that the systemic approach was effective to develop students’ mastery of adjective.
OGLE-2014-BLG-0962 and a Comparison of Galactic Model Priors to Microlensing Data
Authors: Shan Yutong , Yee Jennifer C. , Udalski Andrzej , Bond Ian A. , Shvartzvald Yossi , Shin In-Gu , Jung Youn-Kil , Calchi Novati Sebastiano , Beichman Charles A. , Carey Sean , Gaudi B. Scott , Gould Andrew , Pogge Richard W. ,   (The Spitzer Team), Poleski Radosław , Skowron Jan , Kozłowski Szymon , Mróz Przemysław , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Szymański Michał K. , Soszyński Igor , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Wyrzykowski Łukasz ,   (The OGLE Collaboration), Abe Fumio , Barry Richard K. , Bennett David P. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Donachie Martin , Fukui Akihiko , Hirao Yuki , Itow Yoshitaka , Kawasaki Kohei , Kondo Iona , Koshimoto Naoki , Alex Li Man Cheung , Matsubara Yutaka , Muraki Yasushi , Miyazaki Shota , Nagakane Masayuki , Ranc Clément , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Suematsu Haruno , Sullivan Denis J. , Sumi Takahiro , Suzuki Daisuke , Tristram Paul J. , Yonehara Atsunori ,   (The MOA Collaboration), Maoz Dan , Kaspi Shai , Friedmann Matan ,   (The Wise Group)
Published: February 2019

Abstract
OGLE-2014-BLG-0962 (OB140962) is a stellar binary microlensing event that was well covered by observations from the Spitzer satellite as well as ground-based surveys. Modeling yields a unique physical solution: a mid-M+M-dwarf binary with M
prim = 0.20 ± 0.01 M
☉ and M
sec = 0.16 ± 0.01 M
☉, with projected separation of 2.0 ± 0.3 au. The lens is only D

LS
= 0.41 ± 0.06 kpc in front of the source, making OB140962 a bulge lens and the most distant Spitzer binary lens to date. In contrast, because the Einstein radius (θ
E = 0.143 ± 0.007 mas) is unusually small, a standard Bayesian analysis, conducted in the absence of parallax information, would predict a brown dwarf binary. We compare the results of Bayesian analysis using two commonly used Galactic model priors to the measured values for a set of Spitzer lenses. We find all models tested predict lens properties consistent with the Spitzer data. Furthermore, we illustrate the methodology for probing the Galactic distribution of planets by comparing the cumulative distance distribution of the Spitzer two-body lenses to that of the Spitzer single lenses.
How Adsorption Affects the Gas–Ice Partitioning of Organics Erupted from Enceladus
Authors: Bouquet Alexis , Glein Christopher R. , Waite J. Hunter 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We study the effect of adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Enceladus’ geysers, both onto the ice grains ejected in the plumes, and onto the ice walls of the cracks connecting Enceladus’ internal ocean to its surface. We use a model of adsorption/desorption based on the Polanyi–Wiegner equation and experimental values of binding energies (energy of desorption E
des) of the adsorbed compounds to water ice. We find that under conditions expected at Enceladus, the process of adsorption tends to ensure that the VOCs with the highest binding energy are over-represented on the ice surface, even if their abundance is comparatively lower than those of other compounds. We find that VOCs with E
des ≤ 0.5 eV are insignificantly affected by adsorption while compounds with E
des ≥ 0.7 eV are readily retained on the surface and compete to occupy most of the adsorption sites. We also deduce that ice grains falling back onto the surface are likely to retain most of the molecules adsorbed on their surface. The implication is that remote observation or sampling of the ice in the cracks or of the surface around it would show a mixture of VOCs that would not be representative of the gas phase of the plumes, with the high E
des VOCs dominating the adsorbed phase.
The SOMA Radio Survey. I. Comprehensive SEDs of High-mass Protostars from Infrared to Radio and the Emergence of Ionization Feedback
Authors: Rosero V. , Tanaka K. E. I. , Tan J. C. , Marvil J. , Liu M. , Zhang Y. , De Buizer J. M. , Beltrán M. T. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We study centimeter continuum emission of eight high- and intermediate-mass protostars that are part of the SOFIA Massive Star Formation Survey, thus building extended spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from the radio to the infrared. We discuss the morphology seen in the centimeter continuum images, which are mostly derived from archival Very Large Array data, and the relation to infrared morphology. We use the SEDs to test new models of high-mass star formation including radiative and disk-wind feedback and associated free–free and dust continuum emission. We show that interferometric data of the centimeter continuum flux densities provide additional, stringent tests of the models by constraining the ionizing luminosity of the source; they also help to break degeneracies encountered when modeling the infrared-only SEDs, especially for the protostellar mass. Our derived parameters are consistent with physical parameters estimated by other methods, such as dynamical protostellar masses. We find a few examples of additional stellar sources in the vicinity of the high-mass protostars, which may be low-mass young stellar objects. However, the stellar multiplicity of the regions, at least as traced by radio continuum emission, appears to be relatively low.
A Three-dimensional View of Molecular Hydrogen in SN 1987A
Authors: Larsson J. , Spyromilio J. , Fransson C. , Indebetouw R. , Matsuura M. , Abellán F. J. , Cigan P. , Gomez H. , Leibundgut B. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
SN 1987A is the only young supernova (SN) in which H2 has been detected in the ejecta. The properties of H2 are important for understanding the explosion and the ejecta chemistry. Here we present new Very Large Telescope/SINFONI observations of H2 in SN 1987A, focusing on the 2.12 μm (1,0)S(1) line. We find that the 3D emissivity is dominated by a single clump in the southern ejecta, with weaker emission being present in the north along the plane of the circumstellar ring. The lowest observed velocities are in the range of 400–800

, in agreement with previous limits on inward mixing of H. The brightest regions of H2 coincide with faint regions of Hα, which can be explained by Hα being powered by X-ray emission from the ring, while the H2 is powered by 44Ti. A comparison with ALMA observations of other molecules and dust shows that the brightest regions of H2, CO, and SiO occupy different parts of the inner ejecta and that the brightest H2 clump coincides with a region of very weak dust emission. The latter is consistent with theoretical predictions that the H2 should form in the gas phase rather than on dust grains.
Suspected cutaneous anthrax in rural areas
Authors: Kibar Ozturk Melike 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Cutaneous anthrax (CA), a zoonotic infectious disease is an important endemic public health disease in rural areas around the world, accounting for 95% of anthrax cases.
Methodology: Fifty patients with CA were diagnosed by the presence of characteristic skin lesions and positive response to treatment. Twenty-nine patients had been treated with oral ciprofloxacin or doxycyclin for 14 days and 21 patients had been treated with intramuscular procaine penicillin for 7 days. The demographic risk factors, characteristics and treatment of CA in rural areas were evaluated. The responses to two different systemic medications were compared using χ2 test.
Results: Twenty-two males and 28 females were included in this study. The predominant skin lesions were black eschar, ulcer and swelling of the skin. The predilection sites were the hand and fingers. The most common route of contamination for both male and female patients was handling raw meat. The most common occupation was housewife for female patients and animal industry for male patients. The patients under ciprofloxacin or doxycyclin administration responded better to treatment; pain at lesion site and new lesions at the time of treatment were significantly lower. Secondary infection appeared to be higher in patients under procaine penicillin administration, although this difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusions: In rural areas that lack medical facilities with diagnostic tools, in the presence of black eschar, rapid diagnosis and treatment of CA is essential. The administration of a broad-spectrum antibiotic is recommended as the first line treatment of suspected CA.
Which ecosystems provide which services? A meta-analysis of nine selected ecosystem services assessments
Authors: Bordt Michael , Saner Marc 
Published: February 2019

For ecosystem measurement frameworks to be accepted, operationalised and implemented by diverse international communities, clear and agreeable concepts and classifications are essential. This paper analyses and develops two foundational typology challenges within ecosystem measurement: the classification of ecosystems and the classification of their services. Our aim is to determine if there is sufficient consensus to ascertain “Which ecosystems provide which services?” for standardised ecosystem accounting.
This paper first compares classifications used in nine selected ecosystem assessments as input studies that make value statements about multiple ecosystems providing multiple ecosystem services. Given that these nine studies do not use identical concepts, classifications and terminologies, we develop “supersets” that can accommodate the diversity of classifications used in these input studies. Each input study is then corresponded to these new supersets.
On the basis of this analysis, substantial consensus was found that some ecosystems are more likely to provide certain services than others are. However, for several ecosystem types, there was little or no consensus on which services they provide. Linkages for which there is consensus can serve as a checklist for future ecosystem services assessments. Both the framework of the supersets and the correspondence and visual methods developed will be useful for integrating information at different scales (for example, linkages from local, ecosystem-specific and ecosystem services-specific studies). This paper also provides guidance to future ecosystem services assessments to use, test and extend the current classifications of ecosystems and ecosystem services.
L’interpretazione delle Charites (Gratiae) in Cornuto e in Seneca
Authors: Setaioli Aldo 
Published: February 2019

Cornuto ritiene che i racconti mitici originari, trasmessi dalle età più antiche, racchiudano profonde verità, che è possibile ricostruire attraverso l’analisi di tutte le fonti – figurative, rituali, letterarie – che ce li transmettono. La sua esegesi allegorica non si applica quindi direttamente ai testi poetici, che, sebbene non possano essere ignorati come testimoni, hanno corrotto l’antica tradizione sapienziale con aggiunte e cambiamenti arbitrari. La sua interpretazione del mito delle Charites (capp. 15-16) ha un corrispondente in Seneca, Ben., I, 3, 2 - 4, 6. Quest’ultimo polemizza con l’interpretazione data da Crisippo e in parte ripresa da Ecatone. I contatti con Cornuto dimostrano che quest’ultimo si rifaceva proprio a Crisippo. Ma mentre per Cornuto la poesia, pur avendo alterato arbitrariamente il mito, conteneva ancora qualche traccia della verità primigenia, Seneca, pur non escludendo che contenuti di verità si trovassero nel mito originario, rifiuta totalmente questo approccio ermeneutico, perché i poeti e gli artisti si preoccupano esclusivamente delle loro finalità estetiche.