bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Aktualität der genossenschaftlichen Konzeption von Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen
Authors: Schmale Ingrid , Blome-Drees Johannes 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Jubiläumsjahr ist Anlass, um auch an dieser Stelle an den christlichen Genossenschaftspionier Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen zu erinnern. Zentrale Lebensstationen werden bezogen auf die Entwicklung seines Genossenschaftskonzeptes gestreift. Dem Rückblick wird eine Einordnung und Bewertung seines Genossenschaftskonzeptes aus heutiger Sicht zur Seite gestellt, um ausblickend Vermutungen hinsichtlich seiner Wertschätzung der neugegründeten Genossenschaften in Deutschland anzubieten.
Selbstbestimmtes Sparen durch Genossenschaften
Authors: Gleber Peter 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
„Sparen – Geschichte einer deutschen Tugend“ titelt eine Ausstellung, die im Deutschen Historischen Museum erfolgreich ist. Sie unternimmt vor allem eine kritische Betrachtung des öffentlichen Sparens und der Sparkassen. Dass Sparen nicht nur staatspaternalistisch ist, zeigt der Blick auf die Genossenschaften. Sparen schafft hier nicht nur finanzielle Werte, sondern stellt auch Lebensgrundlagen bereit und verbessert die Lebensqualität.
Entwicklungen im Genossenschaftsrecht 2017
Authors: Bode Bernd 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungZum Genossenschaftsrecht ist im Jahr 2017 über vielfältige Entwicklungen auf allen Ebenen zu berichten. Im Folgenden soll ein Überblick über die Gesetzgebung, die Rechtsprechung und eine Zeitschriftenschau zu relevanten Aufsätzen gegeben werden.
Pflichtangaben in Hauptversammlungsniederschriften und deren Berichtigung – Anmerkung zu BGH, Urt. v. 10.10.2017, II ZR 375/15 –
Authors: Hupka Jan 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht die jüngste Entscheidung des Bundesgerichtshofs zu den Anforderungen an notarielle Hauptversammlungsprotokolle und deren Berichtigungsmöglichkeiten. Neben der Darstellung und Analyse der Entscheidung untersucht der Beitrag die sich an die Entscheidung anknüpfenden Folgefragen, etwa inwiefern die aufgestellten Leitlinien des BGH zu Inhalt und Korrektur auch auf privatschriftliche Hauptversammlungsprotokolle anzuwenden sind.
Photocatalytic Activity of Bismuth Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized via Sol-Gel Route
Authors: Siddique Mohsin , Khan Noor Muhammad , Saeed Muhammad 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Nanosized, magnetically separable bismuth ferrite (BFO) nanoparticles, pertaining a crystallite size in the range of 14–15 nm were prepared via facile sol-gel technique. The product was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The product was explored for the photocatalytic mineralization of rhodamine B (RB) dye in aqueous medium. The effect of different investigational parameters such as amount of photocatalyst, initial dye concentration and irradiation time on the photocatalytic degradation of RB was studied. The results reveal that the catalyst shows good degrading ability under normal pH and visible light conditions. BFO nanoparticles demonstrated a strong absorption ability in the visible-light region, which lead to efficient photocatalytic degradation of RB dye The reaction system was heterogeneous in nature in which the catalyst can be separated by a normal magnet.
Prescription Medication Use Among Children and Adolescents in the United States
Authors: Qato Dima M. , Alexander G. Caleb , Guadamuz Jenny S. , Lindau Stacy Tessler 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Information on the use of prescription medications among children and adolescents in the United States is lacking. We estimate the prevalence of prescription medication use, concurrent use, and potential major drug–drug interactions (DDIs) in this population.

METHODS:
We conducted descriptive analyses using nationally representative data for people ≤19 years old from NHANES. Data were derived from a medication log administered by direct observation during in-home interviews. Acute medications were used for ≤30 days. Concurrent use was defined as use of ≥2 prescription medications. Micromedex was used to identify potentially major DDIs.

RESULTS:
During 2013–2014, 19.8% of children and adolescents used at least 1 prescription medication, and 7.1% used acute medications. Concurrent use of prescription medications was 7.5% overall and was highest among boys 6 to 12 years old (12%) and among boys and girls ages 13 to 19 years old (10% for both). Using pooled 2009–2014 data, we found that 8.2% of concurrent users of prescription medications were at risk for a potentially major DDI. The vast majority of interacting regimens involved antidepressants and were more common among adolescent girls than boys (18.1% vs 6.6%; P &lt; .05), driven largely by greater rates of use of acute medications.

CONCLUSIONS:
Many US children and adolescents use prescription medications with nearly 1 in 12 concurrent users of prescription medications potentially at risk for a major DDI. Efforts to prevent adverse drug events in children and adolescents should consider the role of interacting drug combinations, especially among adolescent girls.
Marijuana Use by Breastfeeding Mothers and Cannabinoid Concentrations in Breast Milk
Authors: Bertrand Kerri A. , Hanan Nathan J. , Honerkamp-Smith Gordon , Best Brookie M. , Chambers Christina D. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Marijuana is the most commonly used recreational drug among breastfeeding women. With legalization of marijuana in several US states and a 1990 study in which authors documented psychomotor deficits in infants breastfed by mothers using marijuana, there is a need for information on potential exposure to the breastfed infant. Our objective with this study was to quantify cannabinoids in human milk after maternal marijuana use.

METHODS:
Between 2014 and 2017, 50 breastfeeding women who reported marijuana use provided 54 breast milk samples to a research repository, Mommy’s Milk. Concentrations of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC), 11-hydroxy-Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, and cannabinol were measured by using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry electrospray ionization.

RESULTS:
∆9-THC was detectable in 34 (63%) of the 54 samples up to ∼6 days after last reported use; the median concentration of ∆9-THC was 9.47 ng/mL (range: 1.01–323.00). Five samples had detectable levels of 11-hydroxy-Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (range: 1.33–12.80 ng/mL) or cannabidiol (range: 1.32–8.56 ng/mL). The sample with the highest concentration of cannabidiol (8.56 ng/mL) did not have measurable ∆9-THC. Cannabinol was not detected in any samples. The number of hours since last use was a significant predictor of log ∆9-THC concentrations (−0.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.04 to −0.01; P = .005). Adjusted for time since last use, the number of daily uses and time from sample collection to analysis were also significant predictors of log ∆9-THC concentrations (0.51; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.99; P = .039; 0.08; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.15; P = .038, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
∆9-THC was measurable in a majority of breast milk samples up to ∼6 days after maternal marijuana use.
ВАКУУМНІ МІКРОХВИЛЬОВІ ТЕХНОГІЇ ПРИ ВИРОБНИЦТВІ ФІТОПРЕПАРАТІВ З ПЛОДІВ ШИПШИН
Authors: Левтринская Юлия Олеговна , Альхурі Юсеф , Голінська Яна Андріївна , Терзієв Сергій Георгійович 
Published: August 2018

У даній статті представлено результати досліджень процесів екстрагування у мікрохвильовому полі в умовах зниженого тиску. Об’єктом досліджень обрано плоди шипшини – багаті на термолабільний вітамін С. При екстрагуванні у створеному зразку екстрактора температури не перевищують 50 °С. За таких температур зберігається більше вітаміну С, краще зберігається колір та смак. Проведені лабораторні дослідження підтверджують підвищений вміст вітаміну С у екстракті. У порівнянні з технологіями, які зараз застосовуються на фармацевтичних підприємствах при виробництві екстрактів шипшини створені екстрактор та випарна установка мають ряд переваг: проста конструкція, безпечність, знижені робочі температури, енергетична ефективність. Підвищення виходу екстрактивних речовин можна пояснити особливим протіканням процесу за умов впливу мікрохвильового поля та виникненню явища бародифузії, що значно інтенсифікує перехід компонентів, що містяться у капілярах до екстракту.In this paper are presents the results of studies of extraction processes in a microwave field under conditions of reduced pressure. The object of research are the rose hips – rich in thermolabile vitamin C. According to previous studies, under the action of the microwave field possible reach a significant intensification of extraction processes. This is due to barodiffusion – a phenomenon that occurs in the capillaries of plant material. These principles are the base for innovative facilities designed by our scientific group: a microwave vacuum extractor and a microwave vacuum evaporator. During the sample treatment in an extractor, the temperature does not exceed 50 °C. At these conditions saved more of vitamin C, color and taste are better preserved. The laboratory researches confirm that the high content of vitamin C is present in the extract. Compared to the technologies that are applied be pharmaceutical companies in the production of rose hips extracts and evaporators, they have several advantages: simple design, safety, reduced working temperatures, high energy efficiency, shortening of processes. With microwave extraction it is possible to obtain the extracts that contain non-typical components for aqueous extracts precisely due to barodifusion. So, with the use of one solvent, can be obtained a polyextract on the same installation. These technologies are actual in the first place for the pharmaceutical industry and the market of health food products. The comparison of vacuum microwave and cryoconcentration technologies are performed. It is wellknown that the best way to concentrate products with high vitamin C content is cryoconcentration. Obtained in that research results indicate that the quality of the extract produced in the vacuum microwave evaporator is similarly to cryoconcentrate.
AGE AND EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF VARIOUS ANTITHROMBOTIC THERAPY VARIANTS IN PATIENTS WITH NONVALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Shevelev V. I. , Kanorskyi S. G. 
Published: August 2018

Aim. To compare effectiveness and safety of warfarin, dabigatran, and clopidogrel therapy as thromboembolism (TE) prevention strategy across the age groups in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF).Material and methods. The study included 189 patients (110 men and 79 women), aged 65–80 years, with nonvalvular AF. All participants were divided into two groups: Group I (n=126) included patients aged 65–74 years. They were administered warfarin (n=43), in the dose providing the INR levels of 2,0–3,0; dabigatran (n=41) in the dose of 110 mg twice a day; and clopidogrel (n=42) in the dose of 75 mg/d. Group II (n=63) included patients aged 75–80 years. They were administered warfarin (n=22), dabigatran (n=20), and clopidogrel (n=21) in identical doses.Results. In the younger age group, the 6-month treatment with dabigatran (110 mg twice a day), compared to the warfarin treatment, was associated with a similar incidence of ischemic stroke, but a lower risk of major bleeding (4,8% vs. 27,9%; p<0,05). The treatment with clopidogrel prevented stroke as effectively as the therapy with warfarin or dabigatran, and was reasonably safe. In the older age group, there was no significant difference in the incidence of TE and hemorrhagic complications between dabigatran and warfarin groups.Conclusion. While selecting the antithrombotic therapy strategy in 65–74-year-old patients with nonvalvular AF, dabigatran and clopidogrel could be regarded as an acceptable alternative to warfarin.
FLUVASTATIN EFFECTS ON BLOOD CELL AGGREGATION IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND DYSLIPIDEMIA
Authors: Medvedev I. N. , Skoryatina I. A. 
Published: August 2018

Aim.To investigate the effects of fluvastatin on the blood cell aggregation in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and dyslipidemia (DLP).Material and methods.The main group (MG) included 32 middle-aged patients with Stage 1–2 AH (Risk 3) and Type IIb DLP. The control group (CG) included 26 healthy middle-aged people. All patients received fluvastatin (40 mg/d in the evening) and enalapril (10 mg twice per day). The assessment of clinical and laboratory parameters was performed at baseline, and after 4, 12, and 52 weeks of the therapy.Results.In MG patients, the disturbances of blood lipid profile and lipid component of blood cell membranes, together with activation of lipid peroxidation (LP) in blood cell membranes, was associated with an increased aggregation of erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes. The 52-week fluvastatin therapy somewhat improved blood lipid profile and reduced LP activity in both plasma and blood cells. However, these parameters failed to reach the levels observed in the CG. The one-year treatment with fluvastatin in the MG reduced, but not completely normalised the aggregation of erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes.Conclusion.Treating patients with AH and DLP with fluvastatin for one year significantly reduces, but not normalises blood cell aggregation.
LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELLING AND MITRAL VALVE REMODELLING IN CORONARY HEART DISEASE PATIENTS WITH POST-SURGERY PROGRESSION OF MITRAL REGURGITATION
Authors: Buziashvili Yu. I. , Koksheneva I. V. , Khuzurauli E. M. , Arutyunova Ya. E. , Makhmudov Sh. G. 
Published: August 2018

The progression of ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) after coronary arty bypass graft (CABG) surgery remains one of the most complex and still unresolved problems in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD).Aim. To study myocardial function, left ventricular (LV) remodelling, and mitral valve (MV) remodelling in CHD patients with MR progression after isolated CABG or CABG combined with LV reconstructive surgery.Material and methods. In total, 101 CHD patients after CABG were included in the analysis.Results. The mechanisms of MR progression after isolated CABG differ from those after CABG and LV reconstructive surgery. After the former, LV remodelling progresses both locally and globally, while after the latter, the LV remodelling progression is predominantly global. The patients with post-surgery MR progression differ from their peers without MR in terms of all key parameters of MV geometry.Conclusion. The leading mechanism of MR progression is local and global LV remodelling, which leads to papillary muscle dislocation and MV leaflet tension and restricted motion. The categories of patients with a high risk of post-surgery MR progression are defined.
PREVALENCE OF MULTI-FOCAL ATHEROSCLEROTIC PATHOLOGY ACROSS AGE GROUPS
Authors: Sumin A. N. , Gaifullin R. A. , Bezdenezhnykh A. V. , Korok E. V. , Karpovich A. V. , Ivanov S. V. , Barbarash O. L. , Barbarash L. S. 
Published: August 2018

Aim. To compare the prevalence of multi-focal subclinical atherosclerotic pathology and its determinants in cardiovascular surgery patients.Material and methods. The study included 1018 patients — 825 en and 193 women (mean age 59,0±12,0 years) — who were hospitalised for a planned intervention on coronary or other arteries. Group I (n=542) was aged under 60 years, Group II (n=215) — 60–64 years, Group III (n=141) — 65–69 years, and Group IV (n=120) — 70 years or older. All participants underwent coronary angiography and Doppler ultrasound; peripheral angiography was performed, if necessary. Multi-focal atherosclerosis (MFA) criteria were the presence of stenosis (≥30%) or revascularisation in two or more vascular territories.Results. Subclinical atherosclerotic pathology of various localisation was observed in 52,3% of the patients. Advanced age was linked to an increase in the MFA prevalence: from 45,8% in Group I to 58,6% in Group II, 58,2% in Group III, and 63,3% in Group IV (p=0,0001). In Group I, MFA was associated with the intermittent claudication syndrome (ICS), decreased body mass index (BMI), increased intima-media thickness (IMT), elevated total cholesterol (TCH). However, in Groups II–IV, the only association observed was between MFA and ICS.Conclusion. Taking into account the subclinical (hemodynamically insignificant) arterial pathology had resulted in a high prevalence of MFA. Advanced age was associated with a higher MFA prevalence. Other factors linked to MFA were increased IMT, elevated TCH, decreased BMI, and ICS.
DYNAMICS OF CARDIOVASCULAR STATUS AND SERUM MARKERS OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, TREATED WITH INFLIXIMAB
Authors: Oranskyi S. P. , Eliseeva L. N. , Samorodskaya N. A. , Malkhasyan I. G. 
Published: August 2018

Aim. To assess the complex dynamics of the main parameters of cardiovascular status and serum markers of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who were treated with infliximab.Material and methods. The main group (MG) included 50 patients with seropositive RA, who received a combination of methotrexate and infliximab. The examination took place at baseline, as well as two, six, and 14 weeks after the treatment started. Comparison groups (CG) included healthy volunteers (n=25) and RA patients treated with methotrexate only (n=110). Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNO-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), and von Willebrand factor (vWf) were measured, using ELISA. Left ventricular (LV) function and microvascular status were assessed with echocardiography and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), respectively.Results. The E/A ratio was reduced in all subgroups, and at Week 14 of infliximab therapy, it slightly increased. At baseline, LDF parameters, such as neurogenic arteriole tone and intravascular resistance, were increased. Infliximab therapy was associated with a moderate decline of these parameters. Throughout the study, serum vWf concentration was higher in MG patients than in healthy controls. TPA activity was reduced at baseline (496±173 pg/ml), increasing at Week 14 up to 705±157 pg/ml. Baseline concentrations of TNF-α and UL-10 were substantially elevated (357,1±34 and 453±42 pg/ml, respectively). At Week 6, TNF-α concentration decreased significantly. At Week 14, not only TNF-α level decreased, reaching 94±28 pg/ml, but also the ratio TNF-α/IL-10 decreased (from 0,78±0,5 to 0,4±0,2).Conclusion. In RA patients, infliximab was highly effective for the functional cytokine dysbalance correction, also demonstrating pleiotropic effects, such as correction of microvascular and endothelial dysfunction.
CLINICO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME/ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: DATA FROM THE TASHKENT CITY DISTRICT REGISTER
Authors: Mamutov R. Sh. , Urinov O. , Bekbulatova I. R. , Anarbaeva M. R. , Abidova D. E. 
Published: August 2018

Aim. To assess epidemiological characteristics of acute coronary syndrome/acute myocardial infarction (ACS/AMI), using the data from the Tashkent City district register.Material and methods. The data on ACS/AMI among permanent residents of one of the Tashkent City districts were obtained from the following sources: ambulance service database, hospital case histories and discharge reports, ambulatory cards from polyclinics, autopsy records, medico-legal expertise protocols, and death certificates from the civil registration office.Results. Over one year, 683 ACS/AMI patients were included in the register: 464 (67,9%) men and 219 (32,1%) women. The prevalence of ACS/AMI was 2,1 times higher in men than in women: 67,9% vs. 32,1%, respectively (р<0,01). One-third of the patients had heart failure in their medical history, and more than one-third had AMI earlier (31,2% of men and 26,9% of women). Only in 7,2% of ACS/AMI cases, the volume and quality of prehospital medical care met the required standards. Arterial hypertension (AH) was present in 81,7% of the patients (78,0% of men and 89,5% of women). Stage 2 AH was diagnosed in 15,7%, and Stage 3 AH in 5,4%.Conclusion. The prevalence of ACS/AMI was 2,1 times higher in men than in women. Women developed ACS/AMI, on average, 10 years later than men. Among ACS/AMI patients, particularly in younger age groups, the prevalence of risk factors was high, while the risk factor awareness was low.
DYNAMICS OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTOR PREVALENCE IN RYAZAN REGION
Authors: Smirnova E. A. 
Published: August 2018

Aim. To investigate the dynamics of the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (RFs) in men and women from a representative sample of the Ryazan Region general population.Material and methods. As a part of the epidemiological study EPOCH, a cross-sectional standardised screening of a representative sample of the Ryazan Region general population (n=2098) was performed. All respondents underwent a standardised questionnaire survey, anthropometry, and blood pressure (BP) measurement. The examination was repeated 5 years later, in 1760 participants (response rate 83,8%).Results. Over 5 years, the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) in the urban population increased from 34,8% to 39,1% (p<0,05). In the whole sample, AH prevalence remained stable (39,3% and 36,6% at the second and first screening, respectively), similar to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) (4,5% and 3,4%, respectively). Smoking prevalence in urban women increased from 6,0% to 9,2% (p<0,05) and did not change in men (51,8% in 2002 and 49,6% 5 years later). The prevalence of excessive alcohol consumption decreased from 7,7% to 5,6% (p<0,01), while the prevalence of excessive salt consumption remained the same. Obesity prevalence increased in women (from 23,6% to 28,3%; p<0,001) and only slightly changed in men (11,7% in 2002 and 14,0% 5 years later; p=0,68). Awareness of CVD in family history increased from 46,7% to 59,8% (p<0,001).Conclusion. In a representative sample of the Ryazan Region general population, the prevalence of CVD RFs remained high over 5 years of the follow-up.
ASSESSMENT OF TOTAL CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AS A PART OF REPEATED MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF EMPLOYEES OF A LARGE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Kalinina A. M. , Shapovalova V. P. , Ryzhov V. M. , Olishevko S. V. , Kondratieva N. V. , Ryzhova T. V. , Khudyakov M. B. , Kiseleva N. V. 
Published: August 2018

Aim.To compare the associations between employees’ health groups, defined by the results of the repeated medical examination (RME), and conventional risk factors (RFs) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or total CVD risk; to justify the need for RME and identify the priorities for its further improvement, in order to prevent CVD among working populations.Material and methods.The study was performed as a part of a regulation-required RME, at a medical unit serving employees of a large industrial enterprise. A standard examination was combined with the assessment of such CVD RFs as tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, stress, and body mass index.Results.The RME data were analysed for 3013 employees (51,8% men and 48,2% women). Mean age of the participants was 45,8±12,5 years (44,8±13,6 years in men and 46,9±11,2 years in women; p0,05); Health Group III to 27,3% (26,0% of men and 28,8% of women; p>0,05); and Health Group IV to 0,3% of both men and women (p>0,05). No participants were assigned Health Group V. The study demonstrated feasibility of an extended medical examination without substantial extra costs. This justifies the inclusion of early CVD RF detection and correction in the RME programme for working populations. Among working-age employees with Health Group I, more than one-third (37,4%) had moderate levels of total CVD risk. Among older age groups, 90% and 10% had moderate and high total CVD risk, respectively.Conclusion.The results of this analysis can be used for identification of prevention priorities, both for workplace-based and medical unit-based prevention among working populations, as well as for assessment and distribution of the resources required.