bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Snow Baby : éléments d’un récit colonialiste
Authors: Edwards Paul 
Published: October 2024

Cet article est consacré au livre pour enfants comme récit colonialiste. Robert Peary est célébré aux États-Unis pour avoir été le premier à atteindre le pôle Nord (en 1909). Ici, on s’intéressera plutôt aux productions de sa femme Josephine Peary (1863-1955), autrice de deux livres pour enfants illustrés par la photographie, The Snow Baby. A True Story with True Pictures (1901) et Children of the Arctic (1903), deux récits autobiographiques de ses voyages au Groenland, en compagnie de son mari et de sa fille (qui y naquit en 1893), qui ont connu un très large succès et de nombreuses rééditions, ce qui témoigne de leur attrait idéologique. Les photographies et les textes permettent à Josephine Peary de se construire une identité publique de femme exploratrice et de « bonne mère », mais ils stigmatisent la population racisée qu’elle prend pour objet, en l’occurrence les Inuits du nord du Groenland.
Prevalence and treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain focused on service gaps: a comparative analysis by age group and body part
Authors: Oka Yasumasa , Jiroumaru Takumi , Wachi Michio , Kida Noriyuki 
Published: October 2024

Background
Occupational health, grounded in occupational medicine, aims to enhance the well-being and labor productivity of the working population. Within this realm, there has been growing concern over the increasing instances of labor loss due to diminished physical capacity and the rise in musculoskeletal disorders. Chronic pain is also associated with musculoskeletal disorders. Another pressing issue related to chronic musculoskeletal pain was needed assistance services are underutilized, is referred to as a “service gap”. Understanding trends based on age and affected regions of the body is indispensable for developing strategies to address chronic musculoskeletal pain in workers. This study aimed to elucidate age-specific trends in the prevalence and number of pain sites in chronic musculoskeletal pain as well as the patterns of treatment during chronic musculoskeletal pain, categorized by age and affected site.

Methods
This study was conducted in December 2022 in contract to Cross Marketing Inc. The survey began on December 12, 2022 and ended on December 15, 2022. An online survey was administered to 1,946 participants (973 women and 973 men), and responses were collected, ensuring a roughly equal distribution of samples among men and women across six age groups ranging from their 20 to 70 s. The survey inquired about the presence of chronic pain in each of the eight body parts and the adoption of five different treatments when experiencing pain. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, with the measurement data categorized by age group and body part.

Results
The results indicated a significantly higher prevalence of chronic pain at three or more sites among individuals in their 30 s: the prevalence of pain at each of the eight body sites varied with age. Approximately half of the participants did not engage in specific treatments during episodes of chronic pain. The presence or absence of treatment showed no significant differences according to affected site or age group. This study revealed age- and body part-related relationships with chronic musculoskeletal pain in middle-aged patients and highlighted healthcare service gaps in its management in Japan.
Die Politisierung des Strafverfahrensrechts während des war on drugs
Authors: Schwartz Svenja 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der Aufsatz argumentiert, dass der US-amerikanische war on drugs ein Paradebeispiel der Politisierung des Strafprozessrechts darstellt. Nach einer Einführung zum war on drugs als politische Kampagne und dem hier verwandten Begriff der Politisierung werden als Schwerpunkt des Beitrags strafprozessuale Beispiele angeführt. Dazu gehören u.a. die Gründe für die Untersuchungshaft, das Strafmaß, die Einziehung, die Pflichten des Verteidigers und das Freikommen gegen Kaution.
Conjugate Observations of the Evolution of Polar Cap Arcs in Both Hemispheres
Authors: Xing Zanyang , Zhang Qinghe , Han Desheng , Zhang Yongliang , Sato Natsuo , Zhang Shunrong , Hu Zejun , Wang Yong , Ma Yuzhang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe report results from the analysis of a case of conjugate polar cap arcs (PCAs) observed on 5 February 2006 in the Northern Hemisphere by the ground‐based Yellow River Station all‐sky imager (Svalbard) and in both hemispheres by the space‐based DMSP/SSUSI and TIMED/GUVI instruments. The PCA's motion in dawn‐dusk direction shows a clear dependence on the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By component and presents a clear asymmetry between Southern and Northern Hemispheres, that is, formed on the duskside and moving from dusk to dawn in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa in the other hemisphere. The already existing PCAs' motion is influenced by the changes in the IMF By with a time delay of ~70 min. We also observed strong flow shears/reversals around the PCAs in both hemispheres. The precipitating particles observed in the ionosphere associated with PCAs showed properties of boundary layer plasma. Based on these observations, we might reasonably expect that the topological changes in the magnetotail can produce a strip of closed field lines and local processes would set up conditions for the formation and evolution of PCAs.
Statistical Flowgraph Models
Authors: Huzurbazar Aparna V. , Warr Richard L. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Statistical flowgraph models (SFGMs) are useful for modeling time‐to‐event data that result from a stochastic process. Such data arise naturally in many fields including medicine and engineering. SFGMs are used to estimate and/or predict potential outcomes, waiting times for outcomes to occur, and various other quantities and probabilities associated with a stochastic process. A data analysis example using SFGMs is provided.
A
alen–
J
ohansen Estimator
Authors: Borgan Ørnulf 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The Aalen–Johansen estimator is a matrix version of the Kaplan–Meier estimator, and it can be used to estimate the transition probability matrix of a Markov process with a finite number of states. The estimator is first presented for the competing risks model and the Markov illness‐death model for a chronic disease. For these simple Markov processes, the elements of the Aalen–Johansen estimator take an explicit form. Then, the estimator is described for a general finite state Markov process, modeling the life histories of individuals from a homogeneous population. It is shown how the Aalen–Johansen estimator may be obtained as the product integral of the matrix of Nelson–Aalen estimators for the cumulative transition intensities, and it is briefly indicated how the product‐integral formulation of the Aalen–Johansen estimator is useful for the study of its statistical properties. Finally, estimation of state occupation probabilities is discussed and extensions to regression models are mentioned.
Big Data Clustering
Authors: Khondoker Mizanur R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractClustering algorithms group data items based on clearly defined similarity between the items aiming to minimize the intracluster differences and maximize the intercluster distances. A wealth of efficient and good quality clustering algorithms are already available for traditional data, but there are challenges for applying them to big data due to the overwhelming volume and complexities of such data. Data volume is getting bigger at an incredible pace due to growing access to Internet, social media, mobile devices, and technological innovations, and improving clustering algorithms, their computational cost and scalability have been the focus of much of the research in this area. This article provides an introduction to the characteristics of big data, and an overview of available algorithms and the current improvement trend of clustering algorithms for dealing with the challenges of big data.
Reduce Allocation Predictability by Replacing the Permuted Block Design with the Block Urn Design for Subject Randomization in Clinical Trials
Authors: Zhao Wenle 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Proposed by Zhao and Weng in 2011, the block urn design shares all of the good properties of the most commonly used permuted block design, including the consistent treatment imbalance control, the applicability for trials with two or more arms and equal or unequal allocations, and the simplicity in implementation. Meanwhile, the block urn design offers a significantly lower allocation predictability by abandoning the restriction of perfect balance at the end of each block. In this article, the block urn design and the permuted block design are compared with regards to the conditional allocation probability, mechanism of the urn model, the allocation randomness, and the implementation method.
Sequential Elimination in Multi‐arm Multi‐stage Selection Trials
Authors: Yap Christina , Cheung Ying Kuen K. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The main objective of a phase II randomized multi‐arm selection trial is to identify the most promising treatment among multiple competing experimental regimens, when it truly exists. A multi‐arm multi‐stage (MAMS) design could be used to allow for preplanned adaptations based on the interim data. In particular, response‐adaptive randomization (AR) aims to steer patients away from the inferior treatments by updating the allocation probability throughout. Two AR approaches are the Bayesian AR and a frequentist alternative known as sequential elimination. The latter closes arms that are noticeably worse to the best arm at interim evaluations, and hence channel more patients to the more promising open treatment arms. A Bayesian futility monitoring rule based on comparison to the historical response rate of standard treatment could also be incorporated. The two AR approaches and Bayesian MAMS are compared against a single‐stage pick‐the‐winner selection design. There are clear advantages of using such adaptive selection designs compared to a single‐stage design, with the ethical attractiveness of allocating more patients to better performing arms. The improved performance is even more evident if there is a clear winner or if all arms are futile. It is particularly important to incorporate futility monitoring to improve the design's overall performance.
Training self‐assessment and task‐selection skills to foster self‐regulated learning: Do trained skills transfer across domains?
Authors: Raaijmakers Steven F. , Baars Martine , Paas Fred , van Merriënboer Jeroen J. G. , van Gog Tamara 
Published: February 2018

SummaryStudents' ability to accurately self‐assess their performance and select a suitable subsequent learning task in response is imperative for effective self‐regulated learning. Video modeling examples have proven effective for training self‐assessment and task‐selection skills, and—importantly—such training fostered self‐regulated learning outcomes. It is unclear, however, whether trained skills would transfer across domains. We investigated whether skills acquired from training with either a specific, algorithmic task‐selection rule or a more general heuristic task‐selection rule in biology would transfer to self‐regulated learning in math. A manipulation check performed after the training confirmed that both algorithmic and heuristic training improved task‐selection skills on the biology problems compared with the control condition. However, we found no evidence that students subsequently applied the acquired skills during self‐regulated learning in math. Future research should investigate how to support transfer of task‐selection skills across domains.
Bioinspired Superdurable Pestle‐Loop Mechanical Interlocker with Tunable Peeling Force, Strong Shear Adhesion, and Low Noise
Authors: Jiao Junrong , Zhang Feilong , Jiao Tian , Gu Zhen , Wang Shutao 
Published: February 2018

AbstractVelcro, the most typical hook‐loop interlocker, often suffers from undesirable deformation, breaking, and noise because of the structure of the hook. Inspired by the arrester system of dragonfly, a new mechanical interlocker with a nylon pestle instead of the traditional hook is developed. The pestle‐loop mechanical interlocker shows a tunable peeling force from 0.4 ± 0.14 to 6.5 ± 0.72 N and the shear adhesion force of pestle‐loop mechanical interlocker is about twice as much as that of velcro. The pestle tape can be separated and fastened with the loop tape up to 30 000 cycles while keeping the original adhesive force and the pestle structure. In comparison, only after 4000 cycles most hooks of the commercial velcro are deformed and even broken, completely losing their adhesive function and their hook structure. These experimental results are further supported by finite element simulitions—the base of pestle mainly bears the separation‐caused strain while the middle of hook does. Notably, the sound volume during the separation of pestle‐loop mechanical interlocker is merely 49 ± 7.4 dB, much lower than 70 ± 3.5 dB produced by the velcro.
Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Imaging of Electrocatalysis at a Single Au‐Pt Janus Nanoparticle
Authors: Zhu Meng‐Jiao , Pan Jian‐Bin , Wu Zeng‐Qiang , Gao Xiao‐Yu , Zhao Wei , Xia Xing‐Hua , Xu Jing‐Juan , Chen Hong‐Yuan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNoble metal nanoparticles are promising catalysts in electrochemical reactions, while understanding the relationship between the structure and reactivity of the particles is important to achieve higher efficiency of electrocatalysis, and promote the development of single‐molecule electrochemistry. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) was employed to image the catalytic oxidation of luminophore at single Au, Pt, and Au‐Pt Janus nanoparticles. Compared to the monometal nanoparticles, the Janus particle structure exhibited enhanced ECL intensity and stability, indicating better catalytic efficiency. On the basis of the experimental results and digital simulation, it was concluded that a concentration difference arose at the asymmetric bimetallic interface according to different heterogeneous electron‐transfer rate constants at Au and Pt. The fluid slip around the Janus particle enhanced local redox reactions and protected the particle surface from passivation.
Programmable Self‐Assembly of Heterometallic Palladium(II)–Copper(II) 1D Grid‐Chain using Dinuclear Palladium(II) Corners with Pyrazole–Carboxylic Acid Ligands
Authors: Sun Wen‐Qing , Tong Jin , Lu Hong‐Lin , Ma Ting‐Ting , Ma Hong‐Wei , Yu Shu‐Yan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA novel heterometallic diPdII–diCuII grid‐chain, {[(bpy)4Pd4Cu2L4](NO3)4}n (2; bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine), was synthesized through a programmable self‐assembly approach from the molecular corners [(bpy)2Pd2(HL)(L)](NO3) (1) as linkers with CuII nitrate by using the bifunctional H2L ligand featuring primary (pyrazole) and secondary (benzoic acid) groups. Structural analysis revealed that 1D structure 2 consists of one [Cu2(O2CPh)4]n unit as a bridge and two [(bpy)2Pd2L2]n corners. Additionally, the catalytic effect of the heterometallic synergy on the Suzuki coupling reaction by using 2 was further explored.
Polarity‐Dependent Isomerization of an Unsymmetrical Overcrowded Ethylene Promoted by Zwitterionic Contribution in the Twisted Isomer
Authors: Hirao Yasukazu , Nagamachi Nobuhiro , Hosoi Katsuma , Kubo Takashi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe twisted form of bianthrone is known as a metastable state provided by a photo‐induced or thermal‐induced isomerization of the folded form, and thus prevents the isolation and the detailed analysis of its electronic structure. In this study, an unsymmetrical bianthrone (2), consisting of the electron‐withdrawing anthrone and electron‐donating acridane, have been synthesized and shown to exhibit a solvent‐polarity‐dependent isomerization reaction between the folded and twisted isomers. With increasing the polarity of the solvent, 2 showed an isomerization reaction from the folded form to the twisted form. The stabilization of the twisted isomer in polar solvents can be interpreted as proof of its relatively large zwitterionic character. The DMF solution of 2 displayed paramagnetically‐broadened NMR signals from the thermally populated triplet state resulting from rotation of the weakened ethylenic double bond of the twisted isomer.
Integrative Self‐Sorting: One‐Pot Synthesis of a Hetero[4]rotaxane from a Daisy‐Chain‐Containing Hetero[4]pseudorotaxane
Authors: Rao Si‐Jia , Zhang Qi , Ye Xu‐Hao , Gao Chuan , Qu Da‐Hui 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe structural complexity of mechanically interlocked molecules are very attractive to chemists owing to the challenges they present. In this article, novel mechanically interlocked molecules with a daisy‐chain‐containing hetero[4]rotaxane motif were efficiently synthesized. In addition, a novel integrative self‐sorting strategy is demonstrated, involving an ABB‐type (A for host, dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 (DB24C8), and B for guest, ammonium salt sites) monomer and a macrocycle host, benzo‐21‐crown‐7 (B21C7), in which the assembled species in hydrogen‐bonding‐supported solvent only includes a novel daisy‐chain‐containing hetero[4]pseudorotaxane. The found self‐sorting process involves the integrative recognition between B21C7 macrocycles and carefully designed components simultaneously containing two types of secondary ammonium ions and a host molecule, DB24C8 crown ether. The self‐sorting strategy is integrative to undertake self‐recognition behavior to form one single species of pseudorotaxane compared with the previous report. This self‐sorting system can be used for the efficient one‐pot synthesis of a daisy‐chain‐containing hetero[4]rotaxane in a good yield. The structure of hetero[4]rotaxane was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and high‐resolution electrospray ionization (HR‐ESI) mass spectrometry.
Efficient Aliphatic C−H Bond Oxidation Catalyzed by Manganese Complexes with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Wang Wenfang , Xu Daqian , Sun Qiangsheng , Sun Wei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA tetradentate nitrogen ligand containing a benzimidazole ring and an electron‐rich pyridine ring was developed, the resulting manganese complex exhibited good activity in the C−H oxidation of simple alkanes. In particular, cyclic aliphatic alkanes were transformed into ketones in very good yields (up to 89 %) by using environmentally benign H2O2 as the terminal oxidant. This protocol was also applied successfully in benzylic C−H oxidation, giving the corresponding ketones with very good selectivities. In addition, tertiary C−H bond oxidation of complex molecules by the manganese complex showed potential utility for assembling alcohols with good selectivity in late‐stage chemical synthesis.
Copper‐Catalyzed Heteroarylsilylation of Unactivated Olefins through Distal Heteroaryl Migration
Authors: Zhang Hong , Wu Xinxin , Zhao Qian , Zhu Chen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed protocol for heteroarylsilylation of unactivated olefins is disclosed herein. The addition of a silyl radical to an alkene triggers a subsequent intramolecular heteroaryl migration. Heteroaryl groups such as benzothiazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, and pyridyl showcase their migratory aptitudes. A variety of heteroaryl‐substituted alkyl silanes are readily generated in synthetically useful yields.
Verankerung von Lärmschutzwänden auf Bauwerken der Deutschen Bahn und im Straßenbau
Authors: Bültemeier Bernd , Ulbrich Detlef , Ehard Heinrich , Bucak Ömer 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLärmschutzwandverankerungen auf Straßen‐ und Bahnbrücken werden seit Jahren nach Richtzeichnungen der BASt und der Deutschen Bahn mit reibgeschweißten EdelstahlBetonstahlankern ausgeführt. Für Anwendungen im Bereich der Deutschen Bahn unter Ermüdungsbeanspruchungen aus dem Eisenbahnverkehr haben sich die Randbedingungen für Planung, Bemessung und Anwendung seit Veröffentlichung des Moduls 5501 zur Richtlinie 804 im Jahr 2007 deutlich geändert. Seitdem werden nur noch Verankerungssysteme mit bauaufsichtlicher Zulassung eingesetzt. Die Befestigungsmuttern sind mit Vorspannung und unter Verwendung von NordLock‐Keilsicherungsscheibenpaaren gegen unbeabsichtigtes Lösen zu sichern. Querkräfte auf den Pfosten sind mit einer Schubknagge oder Querkraftbolzen, jedoch nicht über Reibung zwischen Ankerplatte und Mörtel‐ bzw. Betonoberfläche oder Lochleibungsdruck abzutragen. An Verankerungen im Straßenbrückenbau werden seitens der beteiligten Behörden deutlich geringere Anforderungen gestellt. Da der natürliche Wind wie auch bei der Bahn als nicht ermüdungsrelevant angesehen wird, erfolgt die Bemessung nur unter quasi‐statischen Lasten. Die Ableitung der Querkraft ist nicht eindeutig geregelt und die Verwendung nicht zugelassener Verankerungen üblich. Die maßgeblichen Regelwerke rechtfertigen, dass die Erkenntnisse und Veränderungen im Bereich der Bahn für die Anwendungen im Bereich der Straße geprüft und ggf. teilweise übernommen werden.
Model of sustainable behavior: Assessing cognitive, emotional and normative influence in the cruise context
Authors: Han Heesup , Olya Hossein G.T. , Kim Jinkyung (Jenny) , Kim Wansoo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThere is a lack of published research on individuals' decision‐making for pro‐environmental behaviors while traveling on cruise ships. This study included the cognitive, affective and normative processes related to this, and considered their interrelations in the prediction model of passenger cruising intention in an environmentally responsible way. We estimated the proposed theoretical framework using structural equation analysis. The final model was generated by altering the proposed model. The findings indicated that our conceptual framework had a sufficient level of anticipatory power for green intention and that moral and subjective norms were the most influential determinants of intention. the important interrelationships among these cognitive, affective and normative factors were identified. Moreover, anticipated emotions and moral norms were significant mediators. The results of this study supported our theoretical framework comprising the intricate associations among study variables. The implications for tourism research and cruise practitioners are discussed.
β‐Ni(OH)2Nanosheet Arrays Grown on Biomass‐Derived Hollow Carbon Microtubes for High‐Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Qian , Lu Chunxiang , Xiao Dengji , Zhang Huifang , Chen Chengmeng , Xie Lijing , Liu Yaodong , Yuan Shuxia , Kong Qingqiang , Zheng Ke , Yin Junqing 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe design and fabrication of biomass‐based energy storage devices is becoming a new trend to reduce the depletion of non‐renewable resources. Herein, β‐Ni(OH)2nanosheet arrays grown on willow catkins‐derived hollow carbon microtubes is prepared for the first time through a facile acid treatment and subsequent hydrothermal process. In the β‐Ni(OH)2@acid‐treated carbon microtube [β‐Ni(OH)2@ACMT] composite, β‐Ni(OH)2nanosheet arrays can be controllably grown on both internal and external surfaces of carbon microtubes, realizing effective utilization of the hollow tubular structure. In addition, carbon microtubes are not only employed as an effective support for the dispersion of β‐Ni(OH)2nanosheets, but also served as a long‐range conductive micro‐current collector for electron transfer. Furthermore, the hollow tubular structure accompanied by the capillary effect provides fast channels for ion diffusion. As a consequence of this unique hierarchical structure, the electrode based on the β‐Ni(OH)2@ACMT composite exhibits a high specific capacitance of 1568 F g−1at 1 A g−1, remarkable capacitance retention of 51.0 % even at 20 A g−1, and excellent cycling stability of 84.3 % retention after 3000 cycles. An asymmetric supercapacitor, with β‐Ni(OH)2@ACMT composites as the positive electrode and porous carbon microtubes as the negative electrode, achieves a high energy density of 37.8 W h kg−1at 750 W kg−1, indicating its potential application in energy storage devices.