bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update Ventrikuläre Tachykardien
Authors: Fürnkranz Alexander , Makimoto Hisaki 
Published: February 2018

Was ist neu?
Idiopathische ventrikuläre Tachykardien Die Inzidenz dieser Rhythmusstörungen nimmt zu. 5 % der Patienten mit idiopathischen ventrikulären Tachykardien (IVT) sind von einer assoziierten Kardiomyopathie betroffen. Gemäß der aktuellen ESC-Leitlinien ist bei symptomatischen Patienten die Katheterablation bei den häufigsten Formen Therapie der 1. Wahl.
Ventrikuläre Tachykardien bei struktureller Herzerkrankung Subkutan implantierbare Cardioverter-Defibrillatoren erweitern insbesondere bei jungen Patienten oder erhöhter sondenassoziierter Infektionsgefahr die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten, das Risiko des plötzlichen Herztodes zu senken. Aktuelle Metaanalysen zur Behandlung rezidivierender ICD-Schockabgaben zeigen eine signifikante Reduktion durch die Katheterablation, pharmakologisch ist nur für Amiodaron ein signifikanter Effekt nachweisbar. In dieser Indikation besteht gemäß aktueller ESC-Leitlinie für beide Therapiealternativen eine Klasse-I-Indikation, eine Klasse-IIa-Indikation nach einmaligem Auftreten einer anhaltenden VT bei Patienten mit ICD.
Spectral clustering based on learning similarity matrix
Authors: Park Seyoung , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology can generate genome-wide expression data at the single-cell levels. One important objective in scRNA-seq analysis is to cluster cells where each cluster consists of cells belonging to the same cell type based on gene expression patterns.

Results
We introduce a novel spectral clustering framework that imposes sparse structures on a target matrix. Specifically, we utilize multiple doubly stochastic similarity matrices to learn a similarity matrix, motivated by the observation that each similarity matrix can be a different informative representation of the data. We impose a sparse structure on the target matrix followed by shrinking pairwise differences of the rows in the target matrix, motivated by the fact that the target matrix should have these structures in the ideal case. We solve the proposed non-convex problem iteratively using the ADMM algorithm and show the convergence of the algorithm. We evaluate the performance of the proposed clustering method on various simulated as well as real scRNA-seq data, and show that it can identify clusters accurately and robustly.

Availability and implementation
The algorithm is implemented in MATLAB. The source code can be downloaded at https://github.com/ishspsy/project/tree/master/MPSSC.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Ideologues without Issues: The Polarizing Consequences of Ideological Identities
Authors: Mason Lilliana 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe distinction between a person’s ideological identity and their issue positions has come more clearly into focus in recent research. Scholars have pointed out a significant difference between identity-based and issue-based ideology in the American electorate. However, the affective and social effects of these separate elements of ideology have not been sufficiently explored. Drawing on a national sample collected by SSI and data from the 2016 ANES, this article finds that the identity-based elements of ideology are capable of driving heightened levels of affective polarization against outgroup ideologues, even at low levels of policy attitude extremity or constraint. These findings demonstrate how Americans can use ideological terms to disparage political opponents without necessarily holding constrained sets of policy attitudes.
Failure to Predict High-risk Kawasaki Disease Patients in a Population-based Study Cohort in Germany
Authors: Jakob André , von Kries Rudiger , Horstmann Judith , Hufnagel Markus , Stiller Brigitte , Berner Reinhard , Schachinger Eva , Meyer Karoline , Obermeier Viola 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Diverse scores on high-risk Kawasaki disease (KD) patients have proven a good prognostic validity in the Japanese population. However, data on non-Japanese have been inconclusive. Do the Kobayashi, Egami and Sano scores or application of up-to-date statistical methods (Random Forest) predict response to standard intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy and the risk of persistent coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) in patients with KD in a mainly Caucasian population in Germany?

Methods:
Data on 442 children (German population-based survey, 2013 and 2014) were used to assess the prognostic validity of the Kobayashi, Egami and Sano scores for being refractory to IVIG treatment and for predicting the risk of persistent CAA. Additionally, an up-to-date statistical approach (Random Forest) was applied to identify a potentially more valid score.

Results:
A total of 301 children were eligible for assessment of their response to IVIG treatment. Among those, 177 children were followed-up for 1 year to identify persistent CAA. Although all scores were significantly associated with being refractory to IVIG (relative risk range between 2.32 and 3.73), the prognostic properties were low (likelihood ratio positive: 1.83–4.57; sensitivity in the range of 0.28–0.53). None of the scores was a significant predictor of CAA 1 year after acute illness. Application of statistical analysis such as Random Forest did not yield a more valid score.

Conclusions:
None of the available scores appears to be appropriate for identifying high-risk Caucasian children with KD who might need intensified therapy.
Resuscitation room management of critically ill nontraumatic patients in a German emergency department (OBSERvE-study)
Authors: Bernhard Michael , Döll Stephanie , Hartwig Thomas , Ramshorn-Zimmer Alexandra , Yahiaoui-Doktor Maryam , Weidhase Lorenz , Petros Sirak , Gries André 
Published: February 2018

Background
Management of critically ill nontrauma (CINT) patients in the resuscitation room (RR) of the emergency department (ED) is very challenging. Detailed data describing the characteristics and management of this population are lacking. This observational study describes the epidemiology, management and outcome in CINT ED patients in the RR.

Patients and methods
From September 2014 to August 2015, data were collected prospectively on adult CINT patients admitted to the RR of a single German University ED. Patient characteristics, out-of-hospital/in-hospital treatment, admission-related diseases, time intervals for diagnostics and interventions plus outcome were recorded using a self-developed questionnaire.

Results
A total of 34 303 patients were admitted to the ED; of these 21 074 patients were admitted for nontrauma emergencies and because of acute life-threatening problems. Five hundred and thirty-two CINT patients were admitted to the RR (median age: 71 years, 58.3% men). The main problems on admission were obstructed airway (3.8%, A), respiratory insufficiency (26.5%, B), shock (35.5%, C), unconsciousness (33.3%, D) or other (0.9%, E). Out-of-hospital and in-hospital management included intravenous access (96.8 vs. 76.9%), 12-lead ECG (50.0 vs. 86.5%), invasive airway management (30.1 vs. 27.1%), noninvasive and invasive ventilation (7.0 vs. 16.4% and 30.1 vs. 57.2%), catecholamines (16.2 vs. 24.1%), arterial line (0.2 vs. 58.1%) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (18.4 vs. 12.2%). The mean length of stay was 34±24 min. At day 30, all-cause mortality was 34.2% (patients with and without cardiopulmonary resuscitation: 72.7 vs. 24.0%, P<0.001).

Conclusion
Observation of critically ill patients in the resuscitation room of the Emergency Department shows the challenge of care for CINT patients in the ED. With high levels of mortality, there is an urgent need for structured ED management guidelines.
Biodiversity and threatened species reporting by the top Fortune Global companies
Authors: Adler Ralph , Mansi Mansi , Pandey Rakesh 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the biodiversity and threatened species reporting of the top 150 Fortune Global companies. The paper has two main objectives: to explore the extent to which the top 150 Fortune Global companies disclose information about their biodiversity and species conservation practices, and to explore the effects of biodiversity partners and industry on companies’ biodiversity and threatened species reporting.Design/methodology/approachThe study’s sample is the top 150 Fortune Global companies. Each company’s fiscal year ending 2014 annual report, its 2014 sustainability report, and its company website were content analyzed for evidence of biodiversity and threatened species reporting. This content analysis is supplemented by a detailed analysis that focusses on the sample’s top five reporters, including a phone interview with a senior sustainability manager working at one of these companies. Finally, a regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations between companies’ biodiversity and threatened species reporting and the presence/absence of biodiversity partners and a company’s industry F&C Asset Management industry category.FindingsThe reporting on biodiversity and threatened species by the top 150 Fortune Global companies is quite limited. Few companies (less than 15) are providing any substantial reporting. It was further observed that even among the high scoring companies there is a lack of consistent reporting across all index items. A subsequent empirical examination of these companies’ disclosures on biodiversity and threatened species showed a statistically positive association between the amount of reporting and companies’ holding of biodiversity partnerships. It was also observed that firms categorized as red- and green-zone companies made more disclosures on biodiversity and threatened species than amber-zone companies.Originality/valueThis is the first study to systematically analyze corporate disclosures related to threatened species and habitats. While some prior studies have included the concept of biodiversity when analyzing organizations’ environmental disclosures, they have done so by examining it as one general category out of many further categories for investigating organizations’ environmental reporting. In the present study, the focus is on the specific contents of biodiversity disclosures. As such, this study has the twin research objectives of seeking to illuminate the current state of biodiversity and threatened species reporting by the world’s largest multinationals and provide an appreciation for how certain organizational and industry variables serve to influence these reporting practices. These multiple insights offer companies, and potentially regulators, understanding about how to include (or extend) disclosures on biodiversity loss and species under threat of extinction.
Supply chain risk management research agenda
Authors: Bak Ozlem 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
Supply chain risk (SCR) has increasingly attracted academic and corporate interest; however, the SCR debate in academic literature is rather limited to case- and location-specific studies. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to utilize a systematic literature review (SLR) to explore the SCR research trends and gaps within the management literature.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve the research objective an SLR, looking into 25 years since 1990, into supply chain risk management (SCRM) was conducted, which resulted in 114 papers.

Findings
While the SCRM literature is growing, results from the SLR identified limited organized understanding of what constitutes a holistic SCR process, and high reliance of particular categories for SCR, such as the high reliance on specific country settings (the USA and the UK); limited presence of cross competitive SCR process analysis and challenges in developing conceptual SCR frameworks.

Research limitations/implications
The SCR embeds categories of location, scope of supply chain, risk management tools, and the industry sectors involved. The search for related publications was mainly used from a wide range of coverage from accountancy to design in SCR; hence, although there is indication to specific industries, and foci of risk, this could be explored further.

Practical implications
This review of SCRM identifies various research gaps and directions for future research to develop theory and a practical understanding of SCR.

Originality/value
The current literature on SCR has been assessed based on its definition and utilization. The current paper bridges this gap by synthesizing the diverse academic journal papers into the categories based on the design continuum, relationship continuum, process continuum and economic continuum. In addition, it highlights the gaps in industry context, theoretical contribution, geographic location, and research methods applied and addresses the scope for further research.
Maximizing control flow concurrency in BPMN workflow models through syntactic means
Authors: Mok Wai Yin 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
Concurrency is a desirable property that enhances workflow efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to propose six polynomial-time algorithms that collectively maximize control flow concurrency for Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) workflow models. The proposed algorithms perform model-level transformations on a BPMN model during the design phase of the model, thereby improving the workflow model’s execution efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach is similar to source code optimization, which solely works with syntactic means. The first step makes implicit synchronizations of interdependent concurrent control flows explicit by adding parallel gateways. After that, every control flow can proceed asynchronously. The next step then generates an equivalent sequence of execution hierarchies for every control flow such that they collectively provide maximum concurrency for the control flow. As a whole, the proposed algorithms add a valuable feature to a BPMN modeling tool to maximize control flow concurrency.

Findings
In addition, this paper introduces the concept of control flow independence, which is a user-determined semantic property of BPMN models that cannot be obtained by any syntactic means. But, if control flow independence holds in a BPMN model, the model’s determinism is guaranteed. As a result, the proposed algorithms output a model that can be proved to be equivalent to the original model.

Originality/value
This paper adds value to BPMN modeling tools by providing polynomial-time algorithms that collectively maximize control flow concurrency in a BPMN model during the design phase of the model. As a result, the model’s execution efficiency will increase. Similar to source code optimization, these algorithms perform model-level transformations on a BPMN model through syntactic means; and the transformations performed to each control flow are guaranteed to be equivalent to the control flow. Furthermore, a case study on a real-life new employee preparation process is provided to demonstrate the proposed algorithms’ usefulness on increasing the process’s execution efficiency.
Tribological performance and self-lubricating mechanism of the laser-textured surface filled with solid lubricant in rolling friction pair
Authors: Hua Xijun , Xie Xuan , Yin Bifeng , Zhang Peiyun , Ji Jinghu , Wang Hao , Fu Yonghong 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to find out the tribological performance and self-lubricating mechanism of the laser-textured surface filled with solid lubricant in rolling friction pair.

Design/methodology/approach
The textures on the surfaces of GCr15 bearing steel were produced by acousto-optic Q diode-pumped yttrium aluminum garnet laser with the technology of “single pulse one time, repeating at intervals” and filled with composite solid lubricant. The tribology tests were conducted on the MMW-1A universal friction and wear testing machine.

Findings
It was found that the solid-lubricated micro-textured surface can reduce the friction coefficient effectively. The MoS2/PI composite solid lubricant works better than the single MoS2 solid lubricant, and the ratio of PI/MoS2 + PI at 20 per cent is the best recipe. The friction coefficient of the sample surfaces decreases first and then increases with the increase in texture densities, and a texture density of 19.6 per cent has the best effect on friction reduction. The friction coefficient of the textured surfaces gradually decreases with the increase in both rational speed and load. For the same texture density, the friction coefficient of textured surfaces decreases slightly with the increase in diameter. Furthermore, the mechanism of “rolling-extrusion-accumulation” occurred on the textured surface can collect the solid lubricant, thereby, improve the effect of lubricating and anti-friction.

Originality/value
The results of the experimental studies demonstrated the application prospect of laser surfaces texturing combined with solid lubricant in rolling friction pair.
Occupancy patterns of the introduced, predatory sugar glider in Tasmanian forests
Authors: Allen Mark , Webb Matthew H. , Alves Fernanda , Heinsohn Robert , Stojanovic Dejan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroduced mammals pose serious threats to native island fauna, and understanding their distribution is fundamental to evaluating their conservation impact. Introduced sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) are the main predator of critically endangered swift parrots (Lathamus discolor) on mainland Tasmania. We surveyed sugar glider occurrence over ~800 km2 in an important swift parrot breeding area, the Southern Forests. During 4–5 visits per site, we used call broadcast of predatory owls to elicit sugar glider alarm calls and surveyed 100 sites during February/March 2016. Naïve occupancy by sugar gliders was high (0.79), as was detectability (0.52 ± 0.03 SE), resulting in a cumulative detection probability of effectively 1. Occupancy modelling indicated a positive effect of the proportion of mature forest cover on occupancy. The best model, based on AIC scores, included the proportion of mature forest cover within a 500 m radius with constant detectability. Our study revealed surprisingly high rates of occupancy of available forest habitat throughout the heavily logged study area, such that even when mature forest cover was <10%, sugar glider occupancy was >0.5; where forest cover approached 100% (i.e. in the best quality breeding habitat for swift parrots), occupancy by sugar gliders approached 1. Our results reveal that sugar gliders are widespread across the study area which may be indicative of occupancy rates elsewhere in the breeding range of the critically endangered swift parrot. As a result, the risk of predation by sugar gliders for small birds may be widespread across logged Tasmanian forests. Additional work to identify whether population densities of sugar gliders vary with forest cover (and whether this may impact predation likelihood) is critical to understanding the conservation consequences of deforestation in the breeding range of the swift parrot.
Cortisol evaluation during the acute phase of traumatic brain injury—A prospective study
Authors: Bensalah Meriem , Donaldson Malcolm , Aribi Yamina , Iabassen Malek , Cherfi Lyes , Nebbal Mustapha , Medjaher Meriem , Haffaf ElMehdi , Abdennebi Benaissa , Guenane Kamel , Djermane Adel , Kemali Zahra , OuldKablia Samia 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundBiochemical diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency (AI) is difficult in the context of traumatic brain injury (TBI).AimTo assess the frequency and predictive factors of AI in victims of TBI from Algiers.MethodsBetween November 2009 and December 2013, TBI victims had a single 8‐9 am serum cortisol measurement during the acute postinjury period (0‐7 days). AI was defined according to basal cortisol levels of 83, 276 and 414 nmol/L. Variables studied were TBI severity according to Glasgow coma scale, duration of intubation and coma, pupillary status, hypotension, anaemia, brain imaging findings, diabetes insipidus and medication. Insulin tolerance test was performed during the recovery phase, defining AI as peak cortisol <500 nmol/L.ResultsCortisol samples were obtained at median 3 (1‐7) days from 277 patients (257M: 20F) aged 32 (18‐65) years. Acute AI frequency was 8 (2.8%), 20 (21%) and 35 (37%), respectively using the three cortisol cut‐offs. Factors predicting AI were diastolic hypotension, sedative medication, diabetes insipidus, skull base fracture and intraparenchymal haematoma. Mortality was highest in patients with acute cortisol <276 nmol/L (44.6% with OR for death 1.64, 95% CI 0.92‐3.0, P = .12). During the recovery phase, AI was present in 3 of 3, 12 of 24, 4 of 16 and 20 of 66 patients with week 1 cortisol <83, 83‐276, 277‐414 and >414 nmol/L.ConclusionHydrocortisone replacement is advised in TBI patients with morning cortisol <276 nmol/L or those <414 nmol/L with additional risk factors for AI. As acute and subsequent AI are poorly correlated, patients with moderate/severe TBI require adrenal re‐evaluation during the recovery phase.
Partnerships with children in child welfare: The importance of trust and pedagogical support
Authors: Husby Inger Sofie Dahlø , Slettebø Tor , Juul Randi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWithin the context of Norwegian Child Welfare Services, children's best interests are often promoted through inter‐professional collaboration. Although children have the right and desire to participate, research reveals that professionals do not listen to them. On the basis of qualitative interviews with 10 children about their experiences collaborating with professionals, we have identified ways in which professionals can facilitate children's participation. The findings show that trusting relationships, emotional support, and pedagogical approaches increase children's participation in their interactions with professionals. The results show the importance of including a relational understanding of participation as a theoretical concept in child welfare and an awareness that power and dominance are in play.
Immediate post‐operative broncho‐alveolar lavage IL‐6 and IL‐8 are associated with early outcomes after lung transplantation
Authors: Verleden Stijn E. , Martens An , Ordies Sofie , Neyrinck Arne P. , Van Raemdonck Dirk E. , Verleden Geert M. , Vanaudenaerde Bart M. , Vos Robin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies demonstrated that increased cytokine and chemokine levels, either shortly before or after lung transplantation, were associated with post‐transplant outcome. However, small patient cohorts were mostly used, focusing on 1 molecule and 1 outcome. In a large single‐center cohort, we investigated the predictive value of immediate post‐operative broncho‐alveolar lavage (BAL) expression of IL‐6 and IL‐8 on multiple key outcomes, including PGD, CLAD, graft survival, as well as several secondary outcomes.Material and methodsAll patients undergoing a first lung transplant in whom routine bronchoscopy with BAL was performed during the first 48 hours post‐transplantation were included. IL‐6 and IL‐8 protein levels were measured in BAL via ELISA.ResultsA total of 336 patients were included. High IL‐6 levels measured within 24 hours of transplantation were associated with longer time on ICU and time to hospital discharge; and increased prevalence of PGD grade 3. Increased IL‐8 levels, measured within 24 hours, were associated with PGD3, more ECMO use, higher donor paO2, younger donor age, but not with other short‐or long‐term outcome. IL‐6 and IL‐8 measured between 24 and 48 hours of transplantation were not associated with any outcome parameters.ConclusionRecipient BAL IL‐6 and IL‐8 within 24 hours post‐transplant were associated with an increased incidence of PGD3.