bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systems Pharmacogenomic Landscape of Drug Similarities from LINCS data: Drug Association Networks
Authors: Musa Aliyu , Tripathi Shailesh , Dehmer Matthias , Yli-Harja Olli , Kauffman Stuart A. , Emmert-Streib Frank 
Published: May 2019

AbstractModern research in the biomedical sciences is data-driven utilizing high-throughput technologies to generate big genomic data. The Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) is an example for a large-scale genomic data repository providing hundred thousands of high-dimensional gene expression measurements for thousands of drugs and dozens of cell lines. However, the remaining challenge is how to use these data effectively for pharmacogenomics. In this paper, we use LINCS data to construct drug association networks (DANs) representing the relationships between drugs. By using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification of drugs we demonstrate that the DANs represent a systems pharmacogenomic landscape of drugs summarizing the entire LINCS repository on a genomic scale meaningfully. Here we identify the modules of the DANs as therapeutic attractors of the ATC drug classes.
Prospects for strongly coupled atom-photon quantum nodes
Authors: Cooper N. , Da Ros E. , Briddon C. , Naniyil V. , Greenaway M. T. , Hackermueller L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe discuss the trapping of cold atoms within microscopic voids drilled perpendicularly through the axis of an optical waveguide. The dimensions of the voids considered are between 1 and 40 optical wavelengths. By simulating light transmission across the voids, we find that appropriate shaping of the voids can substantially reduce the associated loss of optical power. Our results demonstrate that the formation of an optical cavity around such a void could produce strong coupling between the atoms and the guided light. By bringing multiple atoms into a single void and exploiting collective enhancement, cooperativities ~400 or more should be achievable. The simulations are carried out using a finite difference time domain method. Methods for the production of such a void and the trapping of cold atoms within it are also discussed.
Evaluation of postpartum anaemia screening to improve anaemia diagnosis and patient care: A prospective non-randomized before-and-after anaemia screening protocol implementation study
Authors: Yefet Enav , Suleiman Abeer , Garmi Gali , Hatokay Aliza , Nachum Zohar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe assessed the efficacy of a screening protocol for postpartum anaemia diagnosis and treatment in the maternity ward. A prospective non-randomized before-and-after anaemia screening protocol implementation study during two consecutive periods was conducted. Women who were scheduled for vaginal birth were tested for haemoglobin (Hb) before delivery. During the first period (June 29–October 10, 2015; N = 803) Hb was measured postpartum for women with anaemia-related symptoms, postpartum haemorrhage, or pre-delivery severe anaemia (Hb < 8 g/dL; “symptoms” group). During the second period (October 11, 2015–January 27, 2016; N = 755) Hb was also measured in all women with pre-delivery anaemia [i.e., Hb < 10.5 g/dL] (“screening” group). The primary outcomes were the rates of women with (1) postpartum anaemia diagnosis (Hb < 10 g/dL) and (2) administration of parenteral iron sucrose (indicated for postpartum Hb ≤ 9.5 g/dL). The detection rate of postpartum anaemia was higher in the screening group compared with the symptoms group (140 (19%) versus 100 (12%), ORadjusted 2.2 95%CI [1.6–3.0], respectively). The iron sucrose treatment rate was also higher (110 (15%) versus 88 (11%), ORadjusted 2.0 95%CI [1.4–2.7], respectively). A total of 122 women were diagnosed with moderate-severe anaemia in the screening group, 27 of whom (22%) were diagnosed solely due to the screening protocol. The results demonstrated that a routine screening of women with predelivery anaemia for postpartum anaemia led to increased anaemia diagnosis and consequently better medical care.
Stress-induced tunneling nanotubes support treatment adaptation in prostate cancer
Authors: Kretschmer Alexander , Zhang Fan , Somasekharan Syam Prakash , Tse Charan , Leachman Lauren , Gleave Anna , Li Brian , Asmaro Ivan , Huang Teresa , Kotula Leszek , Sorensen Poul H. , Gleave Martin E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are actin-based membranous structures bridging distant cells for intercellular communication. We define roles for TNTs in stress adaptation and treatment resistance in prostate cancer (PCa). Androgen receptor (AR) blockade and metabolic stress induce TNTs, but not in normal prostatic epithelial or osteoblast cells. Co-culture assays reveal enhanced TNT formation between stressed and unstressed PCa cells as well as from stressed PCa to osteoblasts. Stress-induced chaperones clusterin and YB-1 localize within TNTs, are transported bi-directionally via TNTs and facilitate TNT formation in PI3K/AKT and Eps8-dependent manner. AR variants, induced by AR antagonism to mediate resistance to AR pathway inhibition, also enhance TNT production and rescue loss of clusterin- or YB-1-repressed TNT formation. TNT disruption sensitizes PCa to treatment-induced cell death. These data define a mechanistic network involving stress induction of chaperone and AR variants, PI3K/AKT signaling, actin remodeling and TNT-mediated intercellular communication that confer stress adaptative cell survival.
Background matching and disruptive coloration as habitat-specific strategies for camouflage
Authors: Price Natasha , Green Samuel , Troscianko Jolyon , Tregenza Tom , Stevens Martin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCamouflage is a key defence across taxa and frequently critical to survival. A common strategy is background matching, resembling the colour and pattern of the environment. This approach, however, may be ineffective in complex habitats where matching one patch may lead to increased visibility in other patches. In contrast, disruptive coloration, which disguises body outlines, may be effective against complex backgrounds. These ideas have rarely been tested and previous work focuses on artificial systems. Here, we test the camouflage strategies of the shore crab (Carcinus maenas) in two habitats, being a species that is highly variable, capable of plastic changes in appearance, and lives in multiple environments. Using predator (bird and fish) vision modelling and image analysis, we quantified background matching and disruption in crabs from rock pools and mudflats, predicting that disruption would dominate in visually complex rock pools but background matching in more uniform mudflats. As expected, rock pool individuals had significantly higher edge disruption than mudflat crabs, whereas mudflat crabs more closely matched the substrate than rock pool crabs for colour, luminance, and pattern. Our study demonstrates facultative expression of camouflage strategies dependent on the visual environment, with implications for the evolution and interrelatedness of defensive strategies.
Diagnostic value and safety of color doppler ultrasound-guided transthoracic core needle biopsy of thoracic disease
Authors: Huang Weina , Chen Libin , Xu Ning , Wang Linfeng , Liu Fang , He Shiyi , Lai Tianwen , Chen Xueqin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore the diagnostic value and safety of color Doppler ultrasound (US)-guided transthoracic core needle biopsy (CNB) of peripheral lung, chest wall and mediastinal lesions using automated biopsy guns.
Materials and methods: We analyzed clinical and image data, histopathologic and microbiologic details and complications from 121 patients with peripheral lung, chest wall and mediastinal lesions who underwent color Doppler US-guided transthoracic CNB in Ningbo First Hospital between January 2015 and June 2018.
Results: Color Doppler US-guided transthoracic CNB performed with a freehand technique using automated biopsy guns had a sensitivity of 93.94%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, a negative predictive value of 78.57%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 95.04%. Lesion size did not affect the diagnostic rate (P=0.40). No serious complications of the procedure were noted.
Conclusion: Color Doppler US-guided transthoracic CNB of peripheral lung, chest wall and mediastinal lesions is a safe and inexpensive procedure. The diagnostic accuracy of color Doppler US-guided transthoracic CNB was higher than that of color Doppler US-guided transthoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB).
Initial frequency split reduction of MEMS ring gyroscope based on cascaded springs geometrical compensation
Authors: Bai Zesen , Cui Jian , Zhao Qiancheng , Yang Zhenchuan , Yan Guizhen 
Published: May 2019

Small initial frequency split is preferred to reduce the complexity of control circuits and enhance the device sensitivity for mode‐matching MEMS gyroscopes. A microring gyroscope with cascaded rectangular beams as supporting springs fabricated by (100) single crystal silicon (SCS) is presented. Frequency split due to the anisotropic of Young's modulus of (100) SCS is geometrically compensated by adjusting the width of cascaded springs and adding an extra mass. The rectangular beams are designed to be wide enough to improve the immunity to fabrication imperfections, obtaining good manufacturing repeatability. The proposed method can largely attenuate the frequency difference of the gyroscope by using (100) SCS, which can reduce the processing cost and be easily integrated with CMOS circuit compared with (111) SCS. The test results show that the average initial frequency split of 15 different devices is 5.1 Hz for the ∼10,430 Hz resonant frequency. The minimum and maximum splits are 2.3 Hz (0.022%) and 7.3 Hz (0.069%), respectively, with the standard deviation of 1.3 Hz.
Homogeneity of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by CONSERT: implication on composition and formation
Authors: Herique A. , Kofman W. , Zine S. , Blum J. , Vincent J.-B. , Ciarletti V. 
Published: May 2019

Context. After the landing of Philae, CONSERT probed the nucleus of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) and observed no heterogeneities at metric scale within the probed part of the small lobe of 67P. Further studies have then quantified the observed homogeneity in terms of maximum permittivity contrast versus the typical size of heterogeneities.
Aims. The aim of this article is to interpret the sensitivity limits of CONSERT measurements in terms of composition, and to provide constraints on the maximum variability in composition, porosity, and local dust-to-ice ratio.
Methods. The sensitivity of CONSERT measurements to local variations in density, dust-to-ice ratio, and composition was analyzed using permittivity modeling of mixtures.
Results. We interpret the maximum detectable heterogeneity size and contrast in terms of composition and porosity of the nucleus. The sensitivity to porosity is ±10 percent points for heterogeneities with a characteristic length scale of a few meters; the sensitivity to local variations in the composition is limited.
Conclusions. In terms of accretion, our results are compatible only with scenarios generating porosity heterogeneities at scales lower than one meter, or with porosity variations smaller than ±10 percent points. This is clearly compatible with an accretion model of a gentle gravitational collapse of a pebble cloud.
Time-resolved GRB polarization with POLAR and GBM
Authors: Burgess J. M. , Kole M. , Berlato F. , Greiner J. , Vianello G. , Produit N. , Li Z. H. , Sun J. C. 
Published: May 2019

Context. Simultaneousγ-ray measurements ofγ-ray burst spectra and polarization offer a unique way to determine the underlying emission mechanism(s) in these objects, as well as probing the particle acceleration mechanism(s) that lead to the observedγ-ray emission.Aims. We examine the jointly observed data from POLAR andFermi-GBM of GRB 170114A to determine its spectral and polarization properties, and seek to understand the emission processes that generate these observations. We aim to develop an extensible and statistically sound framework for these types of measurements applicable to other instruments.Methods. We leveraged the existing3MLanalysis framework to develop a new analysis pipeline for simultaneously modeling the spectral and polarization data. We derived the proper Poisson likelihood forγ-ray polarization measurements in the presence of background. The developed framework is publicly available for similar measurements with otherγ-ray polarimeters. The data are analyzed within a Bayesian probabilistic context and the spectral data from both instruments are simultaneously modeled with a physical, numerical synchrotron code.Results. The spectral modeling of the data is consistent with a synchrotron photon model as has been found in a majority of similarly analyzed single-pulse gamma-ray bursts. The polarization results reveal a slight trend of growing polarization in time reaching values of ∼30% at the temporal peak of the emission. We also observed that the polarization angle evolves with time throughout the emission. These results suggest a synchrotron origin of the emission but further observations of many GRBs are required to verify these evolutionary trends. Furthermore, we encourage the development of time-resolved polarization models for the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts as the current models are not predictive enough to enable a full modeling of our current data.
Formation of interstellar propanal and 1-propanol ice: a pathway involving solid-state CO hydrogenation
Authors: Qasim D. , Fedoseev G. , Chuang K.-J. , Taquet V. , Lamberts T. , He J. , Ioppolo S. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Linnartz H. 
Published: May 2019

Context. 1-propanol (CH3CH2CH2OH) is a three carbon-bearing representative of the primary linear alcohols that may have its origin in the cold dark cores in interstellar space. To test this, we investigated in the laboratory whether 1-propanol ice can be formed along pathways possibly relevant to the prestellar core phase.
Aims. We aim to show in a two-step approach that 1-propanol can be formed through reaction steps that are expected to take place during the heavy CO freeze-out stage by adding C2H2 into the CO + H hydrogenation network via the formation of propanal (CH3CH2CHO) as an intermediate and its subsequent hydrogenation.
Methods. Temperature programmed desorption-quadrupole mass spectrometry (TPD-QMS) was used to identify the newly formed propanal and 1-propanol. Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) was used as a complementary diagnostic tool. The mechanisms that can contribute to the formation of solid-state propanal and 1-propanol, as well as other organic compounds, during the heavy CO freeze-out stage are constrained by both laboratory experiments and theoretical calculations.
Results. Here it is shown that recombination of HCO radicals formed upon CO hydrogenation with radicals formed via C2H2 processing – H2CCH and H3CCH2 – offers possible reaction pathways to solid-state propanal and 1-propanol formation. This extends the already important role of the CO hydrogenation chain to the formation of larger complex organic molecules. The results are compared with ALMA observations. The resulting 1-propanol:propanal ratio concludes an upper limit of <0.35−0.55, which is complemented by computationally derived activation barriers in addition to the experimental results.
Osteoporosetherapie unter Beachtung der Komorbiditäten des Alters
Authors: Schober Hans-Christof , Hesse Kathrin 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungÄltere Patienten mit chronischen Erkrankungen erhalten zu häufig keine adäquate und differenzierte Therapie ihrer Osteoporose. Dabei sollte gerade diesen Patienten eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit zukommen, da deren chronische Erkrankungen wie Herz- und Niereninsuffizienz und Diabetes mellitus Typ II den Knochenstoffwechsel negativ beeinflussen und die Frakturrate signifikant erhöhen. Daher ist es unerlässlich, vor Therapieeinleitung eine gezielte laborchemische Untersuchung durchzuführen, um den gestörten Knochenstoffwechsels zu beurteilen und geeignete Therapieformen abzuleiten. Eine interdisziplinäre Behandlung ist angezeigt.
Langzeitsicherheit von Bisphosphonaten
Authors: Gasser Rudolf Wolfgang 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungBisphosphonate sind derzeit die am häufigsten verwendeten Medikamente bei metabolischen Knochenerkrankungen, insbesondere bei Osteoporose, die Wirksamkeit ist durch Studien gut belegt. Bisphosphonate führen bei Osteoporose zu einer Reduktion des Knochenmineralverlusts und zu einer Senkung des Frakturrisikos. Neben den bekannten Kurzzeit-Nebenwirkungen wurden bei einer Langzeittherapie mit Bisphosphonaten potentielle Sicherheitsrisiken und Nebenwirkungen festgestellt. Zu diesen sehr seltenen Langzeitnebenwirkungen zählen: Kieferosteonekrose, atypische Femurfraktur, Muskel- und Skelettschmerzen, Vorhofflimmern und Ösophaguskarzinom. Dabei ergab sich teilweise keine eindeutige Kausalität aber eine Evidenz für ein vermehrtes, wenn auch sehr seltenes Auftreten. Eine Awareness gegenüber diesen Nebenwirkungen ist jedoch erforderlich. Bei leitliniengerechter Indikationsstellung und adäquater Prophylaxe, z. B. im Falle einer möglichen Kiefernekrose, überwiegen bei den meisten Patienten die Vorteile einer Bisphosphonattherapie gegenüber den möglichen Risiken. Unter Berücksichtigung des individuellen Frakturrisikos ist nach 3–5 Jahren Behandlung eine Therapiepause (drug holiday ) möglich, um die Gefahr von Nebenwirkungen zu reduzieren.
Lacapitis deminutiode un rey
Authors: González-Barrera Julián 
Published: May 2019

ResumenLas sátiras contra Felipe III y sus ministros fueron una parte fundamental de la poesía del conde de Villamediana, especialmente en los últimos años de su reinado. Su audacia no conoció límites. En uno de sus sonetos mitológicos utilizará el mito de Hércules y Ónfale para acusar a Felipe III de ser un esclavo sin voluntad para reinar, una auténticacapitis deminutioque ponía en duda su condición de rey, cristiano y hombre.
Influence of reconstruction settings in electrical impedance tomography on figures of merit and physiological parameters
Authors: Thürk F , Elenkov M , Waldmann A D , Böhme S , Braun C , Adler A , Kaniusas E 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive and relatively cheap imaging technique allowing continuous monitoring of lung function at the bedside. However, image reconstruction and processing are not yet standardized for clinical use, limiting comparability and reproducibility between studies. In addition, optimal reconstruction settings still have to be identified for different clinical applications. In this work (i) a systematic way to select ‘good’ EIT algorithm parameters is developed and (ii) an evaluation of these parameters in terms of correct functional imaging and consistency is performed. Approach: First, 19 200 reconstruction models are generated by full factorial design of experiment in 5D space. Then, in order to quantify the quality of reconstruction, known conductivity changes are introduced and figures of merit (FoM) are calculated from the response image. These measures are further used to select a subset of reconstruction models, matching certain FoM thresholds, and are then used for in vivo evaluation. For this purpose, EIT images of one piglet are reconstructed to assess changes in tidal impedance and end-expiratory lung impedance, at positive end expiratory pressure of 0 and 15 cmH2O. From ground truth spirometry measurements, physiological criteria are formulated and the subset of models is further reduced. Finally, the remaining reconstruction models are evaluated on physiological data gathered from published data in the literature to assess the generalization possibilities. Main results: Parametrization of EIT image reconstruction has a strong influence on the resulting FoM and the derived physiological parameter. While numerous reconstruction models showed reasonable values for a single parameter, in total only 12 matched all simulation and physiological criteria. After validation on further physiological data, only a single reconstruction model remained with a noise figure of 0.3, target size of 0.08, weight radius of 0.3, normalized voltage and strong weighting of lung and heart regions. Furthermore, the relationship between the reconstruction settings and some FoM could be partly explained by using a linear statistical model. Significance: The quest for standard reconstruction settings is highly relevant for future clinical applications. Simulation measures might help to assess the quality of the reconstruction models, but further evaluation of more data and different experimental settings is required.
A minimal tight-binding model for the quasi-one-dimensional superconductor K2Cr3As3
Authors: Cuono Giuseppe , Autieri Carmine , Forte Filomena , Mercaldo Maria Teresa , Romano Alfonso , Avella Adolfo , Noce Canio 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We present a systematic derivation of a minimal five-band tight-binding model for the description of the electronic structure of the recently discovered quasi-one-dimensional superconductor K2Cr3As3. Taking as a reference the density-functional theory (DFT) calculation, we use the outcome of a Löwdin procedure to refine a Wannier projection and fully exploit the predominant weight at the Fermi level of the states having the same symmetry of the crystal structure. Such states are described in terms of five quasi-atomic d orbitals: four planar orbitals, two d

xy
and two

d

x

2

−

y

2

, and a single out-of-plane one,

d

z

2

. We show that this minimal model reproduces with great accuracy the DFT band structure in a broad energy window around the Fermi energy. Moreover, we derive an explicit simplified analytical expression of such model, which includes three nearest-neighbor (NN) hopping terms along the z direction and one NN term within the xy plane. This model captures very efficiently the energy spectrum of the system and, consequently, can be used to study transport properties, superconductivity and dynamical effects in this novel class of superconductors.
Giant-dipole excitons in cuprous oxide
Authors: Kurz M , Scheel S 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this work we present the interaction potentials and eigenenergies of a novel species of Wannier excitons when exposed to crossed electric and magnetic fields. More precisely, we present the theory of giant-dipole excitons in Cu2O. We derive an exact formulation of the field-dressed excitonic Hamiltonian and exemplarily calculate the excitonic eigenenergies in an exact diagonalization approach for external field strengths of B = 4T and E = 1 kV/cm. For this particular field configuration, we obtain level spacings between 1.14 μV and 77.6 μeV.
Optical observation of fermionic partons in Kitaev spin balls
Authors: Yamamoto Shoji , Kimura Taku 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We demonstrate a Kitaev spin liquid in a polyhedral cluster and propose detecting its fractional excitations—Majorana spinons—by magnetic Raman scattering. While little polarization dependence of the Raman spectra at sufficiently low temperatures is usual with quantum spin liquids, the present observations are primarily of geometric origin. The Raman scattering intensity peaks melt with increasing temperature, to be more precise, with increasing number of background gauge-flux excitations.