bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hiring opportunities for new firms and the business cycle
Authors: Brixy Udo , Murmann Martin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhether firms founded during or outside economic crises have greater growth potential is an important question for both prospective entrepreneurs and policy makers. Existing research offers conflicting answers, and mostly either focuses on aggregate cohort-level effects or selectively excludes small new firms from the analyses. Using extensive linked employer-employee data on young German firms around and during the Global Financial Crisis, a period of sharply reduced access to external capital and recession, we show that young firms respond to cyclical conditions in highly heterogeneous ways. Our firm-level results reveal that the average new firm found it easier to hire its first employees when it was founded during the crisis. These firms achieved countercyclical growth by hiring career entrants. More specifically, hiring in very young (<1.5 years) and small to medium-sized (below the 90th percentile) young firms was countercyclical, while this was not the case for older and larger young firms. Thus, the firm-specific effects for young entrepreneurial firms may be very different from those reported in previous research. Our results suggest that market entry during a crisis may facilitate hiring and that policies that promote entrepreneurship may usefully complement policies that encourage labor hoarding by incumbents during recessions.
Course of Depression and Anxiety among Refugees and Asylum Seekers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Handiso Demelash Woldeyohannes , Paul Eldho , Boyle Jacqueline A. , Shawyer Frances , Belsti Yitayeh , Enticott Joanne C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRefugees and asylum seekers are at a high risk of developing mental health disorders, especially depression and anxiety. The prevalence of these disorders in refugees and asylum seekers has been well-documented in cross-sectional studies, but it is impossible to track their course over time using this research design. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis used data from existing longitudinal studies to examine the course of depression and anxiety in refugees and asylum seekers in upper-middle and high-income countries. Longitudinal studies reporting depression and anxiety were systematically searched from seven databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar) and included studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and underwent Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality assessment. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used to report the findings. An estimated pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety across time points was reported using a random effect model with a 95% confidence interval. Cochran’s Q and I2 statistics were conducted to assess heterogeneity among included studies, while funnel plots and Eggers tests were used to assess publication bias. Twenty longitudinal studies for depression and eight longitudinal studies for anxiety were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of depression and Anxiety at baseline was 23.14% (95% CI: 16.34, 29.94) and 25.33% (95% CI: 5.10, 45.57), respectively. After the baseline data collection, the pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety increased over time. Specifically, the prevalence of depression rose from 17.55% (95% CI: 6.66, 28.45) 1 year after baseline to 34.04% (95% CI: 15.45, 52.63) 3 years after baseline. Similarly, the pooled prevalence of anxiety increased from 14.96% (95% CI: 10.59, 29.33) at 1 year after baseline to 33.09% (95% CI: 26.96, 39.21) at 3 years after baseline. The prevalence of depression more than doubled over the course of 3 years, rising from 17.55% at the 1-year mark after baseline to 34.04% at the 3-year mark after baseline. Similarly, the prevalence of anxiety exhibited a significant increase from 14.96% at the 1-year mark after baseline to 33.09% at the 3-year follow-up. These findings underscore the importance of implementing early settlement interventions and designing targeted measures to mitigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression among refugees and asylum seekers.
A Portfolio Management Method for Process Mining-Enabled Business Process Improvement Projects
Authors: Fischer Dominik A. , Marcus Laura , Röglinger Maximilian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractProcess mining has received tremendous attention from research and industry, establishing itself as a highly sought-after technology. Despite the technological maturity of process mining solutions, which has been achieved through extensive investments in research and development, organizations still face the challenge of elusive value when systematically adopting process mining. The authors attribute this dilemma to a lack of support for scaling and managing process mining project portfolios. To address this practical need and research gap, the authors propose a method for managing portfolios of so-called process mining value cases, which are defined as process mining-enabled business process improvement projects, towards an evolutionary roadmap (mapper). The method is designed to support organizations identify portfolios of process mining projects that generate value by improving business processes. The method was developed through a combination of design science research and situational method engineering and comprises five activities that each outline techniques, roles, and tools: strategize, identify, select, implement, and monitor. The method has been instantiated as a software prototype and iteratively evaluated for applicability and real-world fidelity by involving an expert panel of academics and practitioners. The usefulness of the artifact was substantiated through a real-world case study in a naturalistic setting.
Integrated membranes system for water application in microbiology/molecular biology
Authors: Abdallah Heba , Abd-Elshafy Dina Nadeem , Shalaby Marwa , Awad Kareem , Nadeem Rola , Shaban Ahmed , Bahgat Mahmoud Mohamed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn integrated membrane filtration system was developed to make water purity suitable for microbiology/molecular biology research. Water samples were collected from outlets in different buildings of the National Research Center and analyzed for their composition before filtration. An integrated membrane system was developed based on mathematical modeling. Flat sheet membranes were produced, including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration membranes. The flat sheet membranes were converted to a spiral wound module filter to simulate the local market filters and applied in the integrated membrane system that was designed and installed. The produced water was analyzed and compared to molecular-grade water used in different molecular biology/microbiology applications. Both PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis, bacterial liquid cultures, and viral propagation indicated that treated water using the herein-developed system exhibited comparable performance to the molecular grade water provided with imported reagent kits. So, this research can offer a promising solution for producing high-quality water suitable for sensitive laboratory applications.
Performance of an integrated household greywater treatment system for water optimization and reuse
Authors: Hassan Khalid , Alzahrani Abdulaziz , Alotaibi Nahaa M. , Helmy Mohamed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated the efficiency of an on-site household greywater treatment system for indirect human reuse and for domestic lawn irrigation. This helps in the reduction in the disparity between water demand and supply that is facing the rapidly increasing global populace. Natural household greywater was settled and then conventionally filtered by using two types of non-woven geotextile media; thermally bonded and needle punched. A third woven cotton textile media was also experimented and all the non-woven geotextile media were tested in single and double layers and combined with the woven cotton textile layer. The different filter media configurations were tested for a period of one year operation (six runs) with two filtration rates of 15.00 and 25.00 m3/m2/day for each run. For all runs, the final treated effluent was disinfected using calcium hypochlorite prior to reuse. The double layer needle punched non-woven geotextile media together with the woven cotton textile media gave the best removal efficiencies; 96.34 ± 1.85% for turbidity 81.87 ± 6.43% for BOD5, 97.49 ± 1.68% for TSS, 75.35 ± 3.99% for CODt, 99.59% for E.coli. The soluble CODs removal efficiencies were negligible (below 3%) in the first four runs with non-woven geotextile media and increased to 28.05 ± 4.29% when the woven cotton textile media was added. In general, the system was found to save about 63% of the daily water consumption reflecting a net 22.50% reduction in the daily water billing costs for the whole household.
Solving transport equations on quantum computers—potential and limitations of physics-informed quantum circuits
Authors: Siegl Pia , Wassing Simon , Mieth Dirk Markus , Langer Stefan , Bekemeyer Philipp 
Published: October 2024

AbstractQuantum circuits with trainable parameters, paired with classical optimization routines can be used as machine learning models. The recently popularized physics-informed neural network (PINN) approach is a machine learning algorithm that solves differential equations by incorporating them into a loss function. Being a mesh-free method, it is a promising approach for computational fluid dynamics. The question arises whether the properties of quantum circuits can be leveraged for a quantum physics-informed machine learning model. In this study, we compare the classical PINN-ansatz and its quantum analog, which we name the physics-informed quantum circuit (PIQC). The PIQC simulations are performed on a noise-free quantum computing simulator. Studying various differential equations, we compare expressivity, accuracy and convergence properties. We find that one-dimensional problems, such as the linear transport of a Gaussian-pulse or Burgers’ equation, allow a successful approximation with the classical and the quantum ansatz. For these examples, the PIQC overall performs similarly to PINN and converges more consistently and for Burgers’ equations even faster. While this is promising, the chosen quantum circuit approach struggles to approximate discontinuous solutions which the classical PINN-ansatz can represent. Based on this comparison, we extrapolate that the required number of qubits for solving two-dimensional problems in aerodynamics may already be available in the next few years. However, the acceleration potential is currently unclear and challenges like noisy circuits and approximations of discontinuous solutions have to be overcome.
A Note on the (p, q)-Derivative Operator
Authors: Oussi Lahcen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this note, for the (p, q)-derivative operator $$D_{p, q}$$

D

p
,
q

defined by $$\begin{aligned}D_{p, q}f(x)={\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \frac{f(px)-f(qx)}{(p-q)x} & \text {if } x\ne 0;\\ f'(0), & \text {if}~x=0. \end{array}\right. }, \quad \text { where } p\ne q,\end{aligned}$$

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we investigate the following property: $$\begin{aligned}(D_{p, q}^{n}f)(0)= & \lim _{x\rightarrow 0}D_{p, q}^{n}f(x)=\frac{f^{(n)}(0)((p, q); (p, q))_{n}}{n!(p-q)^n}\\= & \frac{f^{(n)}(0)[n]_{p, q}!}{n!}, \quad n\in \{1, 2, \ldots \},\end{aligned}$$

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, we recover the property for the q-derivative operator as obtained by J. Koekoek and R. Koekoek in 1993, in related paper. Furthermore, some applications were discussed.
Non-Physician Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic and Association Between Work-Related Factors, Perceived Stress, Depressive Symptoms, and Fatigue
Authors: Mahony William L , Ostovar-Kermani Tiffany , Gonzalez Sandra , Zoorob Roger , Rupp Richard E. , Hirth Jacqueline 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study is to examine the national impact of workplace factors during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on mental health experienced by non-physician healthcare workers (HCWs).

Methods
This study consisted of an online sample of non-physician HCWs across the United States, including nurses, medical assistants, and physician assistants. The survey consisted of 93 questions, which included the Perceived Stress Scale, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CESD-10) scale, questions about COVID-19 vaccination, sources of trusted information, and questions about work environment and training during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate associations.

Results
In the final sample (N = 220), (81.8%) reported receiving at least one dose of a COVID vaccine. Most respondents trusted the CDC’s information on the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease. Several workplace-related factors that occurred during the pandemic were associated with moderate to high levels of perceived stress, fatigue, and higher risk of developing depression. In particular, concerns about exposing others, experiencing discrimination related to their jobs, and caring for patients who died from COVID-19 were associated with increased perceived stress, depression, and fatigue.

Conclusions
The importance of planning by healthcare facilities should include planning for workplace factors associated with poor mental health among all HCWs.
A Pilot Study in the Use of the Delphi Method to Document Conference Proceedings: Comparison of the Rate of Consensus Among Attending and Nonattending Participants
Authors: Franc Jeffrey Michael , Weinstein Eric S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
While many medical practitioners value the interactive nature of in-person conferences, results of these interactions are often poorly documented. The objective of this study was to pilot the Delphi method for developing consensus following a national conference and to compare the results between experts who did and did not attend.

Methods:
A 3-round Delphi included experts attending the 2023 Society of Disaster Medicine and Health Preparedness Annual Meeting and experts who were members of the society but did not attend. Conference speakers provided statements related to their presentations. Experts rated the statements on a 1–7 scale for agreement using STAT59 software (STAT59 Services Ltd, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada). Consensus was defined as a standard deviation of ≤ 1.0.

Results:
Seventy-five statements were rated by 27 experts who attended and 10 who did not: 2634 ratings in total. There was no difference in the number of statements reaching consensus in the attending group (26/75) versus that of the nonattending group (27/75) (P = 0.89). However, which statements reached consensus differed between the groups.

Conclusion:
The Delphi method is a viable method to document consensus from a conference. Advantages include the ability to involve large groups of experts, statistical measurement of the degree of consensus, and prioritization of the results.
Crisis as opportunity: legal career paths at two historical turning points in Hong Kong
Authors: Liu Sida , Au Anson , Tsui Pamela P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the career trajectories of Hong Kong solicitors during two historical turning points, specifically 1994–1997 and 2018–2021, when hundreds of lawyers left private practice to pursue alternative career options such as business and finance, government and politics, or relocation to other countries. Data are sourced from the career mobility records of law firm partners reported in 336 monthly issues of the Hong Kong Lawyer journal between 1994 and 2021, as well as other relevant archival sources. The research examines the underlying forces that led these law firm partners to abandon their high-status positions and pursue alternative career paths during these pivotal moments in Hong Kong’s history. The findings suggest that the career trajectories of these elite professionals are not solely based on individual choices but are also shaped by their social origins and the physical and social spaces that influence their careers over time. This study contributes original insights into the complex interplay between individual, spatial and temporal factors that drive career mobility among legal professionals.
An evaluation of African animal trypanosomiasis control strategies in remote communities of Eastern Zambia
Authors: Mulenga Gloria M. , Chilongo Kalinga , Mubamba Chrisborn , Gummow Bruce 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Communities living in African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) endemic areas of Zambia use several control strategies to protect their livestock from the devastating effects of trypanosomiasis. Several studies have reported the effectiveness of trypanosomiasis control strategies based on retrospective data. In this study, we assessed incidence rates of AAT in cattle (n = 227) using a prospective cohort study comprising 4 treatment groups, i.e., Diminazene aceturate, Isometamidium chloride, Cyfluthrin pour-on and Cypermethrin treated targets. The study was conducted in Mambwe district in Eastern Zambia between February 2019 and March 2020. The endemic prevalence of AAT for each group was determined using ITS-PCR prior to application of treatments. High endemic trypanosome pre-treatment rates were found in all Groups (Diminazene aceturate (61%), Isometamidium chloride (48%), Cyfluthrin pour-on (87%) and Cypermethrin targets (72%)). The overall apparent prevalence for the Mambwe district was 67% (152/227) and true prevalence at 95%CI was 63–71%. Once treatments were implemented, 12 monthly follow-ups were conducted. The average monthly incidence rates without standardization recorded: Diminazene aceturate (67%) Isometamidium chloride (35%), Cyfluthrin pour-on (55%) and Cypermethrin targets (61%). Incidence rates were standardized considering the endemic level of disease for each Group and the average standardized monthly incidence rate in the Diminazene aceturate Group was 7%; the Isometamidium chloride Group −13%; the Cyfluthrin Group −26%; and the Cypermethrin target Group, −17%. All Groups showed a decrease in incidence of AAT over the period of the study with the Cyfluthrin group showing to be the most effective in reducing AAT incidence in cattle.
The British Library Cyber-Attack and Implications for Law Libraries: Some Initial Thoughts
Authors: Speight Dunstan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the following article Dunstan Speight offers a few initial thoughts on the implications for law libraries of the October 2023 cyber-attack on the British Library. While the remarks apply particularly to larger institutional libraries (such as those of professional bodies like the Inns of Court) there are lessons to be learnt for all types of library and information service.
Autoethnography, Storytelling and Lego® Serious Play®: Embracing the Subjectivity of Practice to Engage Students Within Academic Librarianship
Authors: Wheeler Alan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this article Alan Wheeler advocates for academic librarians to employ the principles of autoethnography and storytelling within their practice, as a tactic for student engagement. As a librarian and researcher operating within Higher Education (HE), Alan has always illustrated his practice with personal accounts of how to operate effectively as a student. Here, he proposes that librarians in academia embrace the autoethnographic principles of vulnerability, uncertainty and subjectivity to explore their position within HE, but also as a teaching tool.
Extreme weather, climate change, climate action and uncertainty distress: an exploratory study using network analysis
Authors: Freeston Mark , Sermin-Reed Letitia , Whittaker Saskia , Worbey Joanne , Jopling Chloe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Both extreme weather and climate change have been linked to distress and at times mental health problems. Pro-environmental actions have often been related to higher distress. The uncertainty distress model (Freeston et al., 2020) proposes that in real-world situations, perceptions of threat and uncertainty contribute to distress. The aim of this study is to integrate variables from these two literatures and examine their relationships.

Method:
A community sample (n=327) was recruited and completed an online survey. Network analysis was used to analyse the relationships between the variables. Exposure to extreme weather, perceptions of climate change, climate change distress and pro-environmental action were measured along with symptoms of adjustment disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, and uncertainty intolerance and behaviours.

Results:
There was variable exposure to extreme weather, but greater exposure was associated with more severe post-traumatic symptoms. Pro-environmental action was associated with greater severity of adjustment disorder symptoms. The perception that climate change was happening now was linked positively to pro-environmental action and negatively to perceptions of uncertainty about whether climate change was happening.

Discussion:
The results replicate several findings from the emerging climate change distress literature and are consistent with some predictions of the uncertainty distress model, but not others. Uncertainty as to whether climate change is happening now may be a less distressing position. Research that simultaneously considers extreme weather and climate change may help understanding the range of complex responses that may arise as the frequency of extreme weather increases and evidence for anthropogenic climate change strengthens.

Key learning aims

(1)
To consider why the uncertainty distress model may be an appropriate framework to understand responses to extreme weather and climate change.

(2)
To consider how the perceived proximity of climate change may play a role in peoples’ emotional and behavioural responses to climate change.

(3)
To consider some of the variables that are linked to pro-environmental action.

(4)
To consider whether an uncertainty-based understanding of extreme weather and climate change has helpful implications for practice.
Institutions or ideology? Cross-party and cross-country analysis of factors contributing to the election of women to the European Parliament
Authors: Polak Aleksandra , Lewandowski Marcin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The article examines the key factors influencing women’s electoral success in European Parliament (EP) elections. We present a new conceptual approach and a novel model that simultaneously incorporates trends in party characteristics, institutional and socio-economic factors and cross-country trends in women’s representation. The model provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationships between party-level and Member State-level factors and the election of women to the EP. The study is based on an original dataset of 450 observations on national political parties from all Member States, spanning four European elections from 2004 to 2019.
Our results show that party characteristics such as incumbency rates, party size and ideological orientations (i.e. the party’s position on the GAL-TAN scale or its attitude towards European integration) play a key role in shaping women’s representation. This article provides novel insights into the unique features of Central and Eastern Europe, elucidating divergent patterns of women’s electoral prospects in conservative and progressive parties in Western democracies and Central and Eastern European post-communist EU Member States.