bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Madison on Democracy, Property, and Civic Education: A Reply to Matthews and Sheehan
Authors: Gibson Alan 
Published: May 2019

Professors Richard Matthews and Colleen Sheehan raise two questions about my essay on James Madison and public opinion:(1) Can Madison be considered a genuine partisan of democracy? (2) Do Madison's writings on public opinion suggest that he believed that the government should try to foster a common opinion among the citizenry?Sheehan and Matthews diametrically disagree. Like Martin Diamond and Lance Banning, Sheehan argues that Madison was a thoroughgoing democrat not only during the 1790s, but even during the years surrounding the formation of the Constitution. According to Matthews, Madison was the quintessential classical liberal and a proponent of “thin” democracy who believed that citizens should participate in politics primarily as voters who select elite men to make decisions for them.
A Fragment of a Monumental Bronze Statue, Lincoln
Authors: Coombe Penny , Pearce John , Libby Kathryn 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTA fragment of Roman monumental bronze sculpture was discovered near Lincoln in 2015 and reported to the Portable Antiquities Scheme. This note offers identification of the piece as an over-life-size finger, describes comparable examples and similar pieces from the local area, and makes suggestions as to the original form of the sculpture from which it may have derived. The statue's metallurgical characteristics and making, the possible context of display and the circumstances of deposition are also considered.
Prevention of Central Venous Catheter–Related Bloodstream Infections Using Non-Technologic Strategies
Authors: Gnass Silvia Acosta , Barboza Luisa , Bilicich Dafne , Angeloro Pablo , Treiyer Walter , Grenóvero Silvia , Basualdo Juan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the incidence of nosocomial bacteremias related to the use of non-impregnated central venous catheters (CVCs) when only non-technologic strategies were used to prevent them.Design:This was a prospective study of infectious complications of CVCs placed in intensive care unit (ICU) patients from April 1997 to December 2001.Setting:The medical–surgical ICU of a tertiary-care, university-affiliated hospital in Argentina.Methods:We studied all patients admitted to the ICU using non-impregnated CVCs. Maximal sterile barrier precautions (ie, use of cap, mask, sterile gown, sterile gloves, and large sterile drape), strict handwashing, preparation of the patients' skin with antiseptic solutions, insertion and management of catheters by trained personnel, and continuing quality improvement programs aimed at appropriate insertion and maintenance of catheters were employed.Results:During the study period, 2,525 patients were admitted to the ICU. Eight hundred sixty-eight patients had 1,037 CVCs inserted. The number of CVC-related bloodstream infections (BSIs), acquired in the ICU, was 2.7 per 1,000 CVC-days (13 nosocomial CVC-related BSIs during 4,770 days of CVC use). Microorganisms isolated included methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (n = 6), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (n = 2), coagulase-negative methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (n = 2), Escherichia coli (n = 1), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1), and Enterobacter cloacae (n = 1).Conclusions:A low rate of catheter-related BSI was achieved without antimicrobial-impregnated catheters. The incidence of CVC-associated bacteremias corresponded to the 10th to 20th percentile range of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System hospitals for the same type of ICU.
The Role of Ethnicity and Religion in the Social Support System of Older Dutch Canadians
Authors: van Dijk Joanne 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the role of religion and ethnicity in providing social support for elderly Dutch Canadian Catholic and Calvinist parents and in establishing ethno-religious retirement and long-term care facilities. The data come from a 1995 survey of elderly Dutch Canadian immigrants (N = 79) and their adult children (N = 364) examining intraethnic differences in ethnic persistence and parent care. Continuity theory provides the theoretical framework for this study. In the last few decades, second generation Dutch Calvinist immigrants have been busy establishing retirement and long-term care facilities to look after the needs of the older Calvinist generation. Dutch Catholic immigrants have established very few retirement and nursing homes for their elderly members. Ethnic and religious differences influence the kind of support available to elderly Dutch Canadians.
La participation à l'aide et aux soins des conjoints et des enfants auprès de personnes âgées nouvellement hébergées en centre d'hébergement et de soins de longue durée
Authors: Vézina Aline , Pelletier Daniel 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the participation of family caregivers when an elderly relative is going to a nursing home. Twenty-two primary caregivers, whose relative, aged 60 years or older, had recently been admitted to a public nursing home, were interviewed. The content analysis reveals that caregivers worry about and do what is needed to ensure the physical, psychological, and social well-being of their elderly relative and take care of her/his belongings. Doing things for her/him gradually gives way to managing things. Caregivers carry out the duty of protecting their family members, stimulating them, and keeping a close watch on the work of the staff of the institution.
Michèle Charpentier. Priver ou privatiser la vieillesse? Entre le domicile à tout prix et le placement à aucun prix. Sainte-Foy, QC: Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2002.
Authors: Lavoie Jean-Pierre 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTMichèle Charpentier's book explores the idea of government's sharing, with private and community resources, the responsibility for services for the frail elderly. Charpentier addresses the issue of the emergence of private residences, within the context of the evolution of the Quebec government. This book traces the history of Quebec policies on support of the frail elderly, discusses the social, ethical, and legal stakes involved in the development of private residences, and presents the points of view of different stakeholders affected by this dilemma. Charpentier's book proves to be both a rich and nuanced reflection on the legitimacy of the government's intervention, as well as on the opportunities for development available to the government, in the housing sector in particular, and on a broader scale, in the general area of services for the fragile elderly.
Towards radical innovations in a mature company: an empirical study on the UX-FFE model
Authors: Lecossier Adrien , Pallot Marc , Crubleau Pascal , Richir Simon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe ability to successfully conduct radical innovations is mandatory for mature industrial companies that want to remain competitive in the global market. This ability relies on several ingredients, namely: (1) the structuring of the innovation process; (2) managerial principles; (3) methodological tools; (4) the presence of a culture of innovation. This paper reports about the impact of applying the User eXperience-Fuzzy Front End (UX-FFE) model, which brings together the systemic innovation process with the social, economical, and methodological aspects on the outcomes of the innovation process. Firstly, it appears that the operational performance of the upstream innovation process relies on the quality of the social context, intrinsic to the group of co-creators, corresponding to the reported perceived experience. Secondly, the UX-FFE model application, therefore, allows optimizing the upstream innovation process performance. Indeed, we argue that the evaluation of the co-creators perceived experience brings new opportunities to optimize the operational performance of the upstream innovation process. The first part of this paper presents deeper a theoretical model, named UX-FFE, which combines a UX approach with an upstream innovation process (FFE). The main interest of this UX-FFE model is that it allows evaluating the social aspect of the upstream innovation process, which may be detrimental to the success of radical innovation projects in mature companies. The second part presents the results of previous experiments that validated the model. The results allow the design of an instrument dedicated to the evaluation of the user experience of co-creators in the ideation stage. Finally, the third part reports about the experimentation of the UX-FFE in a mature company. Results present the impact of the co-creators' experience on the performance of radical innovation projects.
Saving energy by anticipating hot water production: identification of key points for an efficient statistical model integration
Authors: Denis Yvan , Suard Frédéric , Lomet Aurore , Chèze David 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis work aims to evaluate the energy savings that can be achieved in domestic hot water (DHW) production using consumption forecasting through statistical modeling. It uses our forecast algorithm and aims at investigating how it can improve energy efficiency depending on the system configuration. Especially, the influence of the DHW production type used is evaluated as well as the water tank insulation. To that end, real consumption measurements are used for model training. Then simulations are run on using TRNSYS software to compute the total energy consumption of DHW production systems over 1 year. Simulations are also based on real consumption measurements for realistic results. To appraise the energy savings, we compared simulations that consider either no forecast (reactive control), perfect forecast (to estimate the control ability to consider forecast), or the forecast provided by our algorithm. The measurements and simulations are run on 26 different but real dwellings to assess results variability. Several system configurations are also compared with varying thermal insulation indices for a complete benchmark of the approach so that an overall performance of the system and the anticipation strategy could be evaluated.
Right ventricular function in congenital cardiac disease: noninvasive quantitative parameters for clinical follow-up
Authors: Tulevski Igor I. , Dodge-Khatami Ali , Groenink Maarten , van der Wall Ernst E. , Romkes Hans , Mulder Barbara J. M. 
Published: May 2019

Right ventricular function is of great importance in patients with both acute and chronic ventricular overload. The early detection of right ventricular dysfunction may have an impact on therapeutic decision making, helping to prevent or further delay functional deterioration of the right ventricle.In patients with right ventricular overload due to congenital cardiac diseases, dobutamine stress testing combined with magnetic resonance imaging, electrocardiographic changes, and monitoring of concentrations of plasma brain natriuretic peptide are very suitable parameters for the early detection of ventricular dysfunction, and should therefore be used in the follow-up of these patients.It is apparent that no single measurement of anatomy or function can ever adequately describe the form or performance of the right ventricle. Rather, we should be looking more towards an integrated approach of different parameters for right ventricular function. The quantitative parameters described in this study can serve this purpose. The strong correlation found between these non-invasive and independent parameters encourages their clinical implementation.
Evaluation of subclinical valvar disease in patients with rheumatic fever
Authors: Ozkutlu Suheyla , Hallioglu Olgu , Ayabakan Canan 
Published: May 2019

Carditis is the only manifestation of acute rheumatic fever that leads to permanent disability. Hence, its diagnosis is of paramount importance. Recently, it has been reported that Doppler echocardiography has disclosed subclinical valvar regurgitation in some patients with acute rheumatic fever manifested as isolated arthritis or pure chorea. The prognosis of such patients with acute rheumatic fever and subclinical valvitis is not clear. We aimed, therefore, prospectively to investigate the potential to diagnose patients with subclinical carditis. We examined 40 patients, aged from 7 to 16 years, with Doppler evidence of mitral and aortic regurgitation, but in the absence of any pathologic murmur. The major findings satisfying the Jones criterions were arthritis in 29 patients, chorea in 10 patients, and arthritis and erythema marginatum in one patient. Of the patients, 33 had mitral regurgitation, 6 patients had combined mitral and aortic regurgitation, and one patient had aortic regurgitation. The patients were followed over a mean period of 18.1 ± 13.9 months, the valvar regurgitation disappearing in 23 (57.5%). No significant differences were observed in the resolution of the valvitis between those treated with acetylsalicylic acid, steroids, or those receiving no treatment. It is noteworthy, nonetheless, that patients treated with steroids were the fastest to recover from valvitis (p < 0.05).Based on our study, we suggest that subclinical valvitis demonstrated by echocardiography should now be accepted as adequate evidence for the diagnosis of carditis, and become a major diagnostic criterion for acute rheumatic fever. When managing this group of patients with subclinical disease, treatment with steroids seems to have a role in promoting early resolution of the valvitis.
Acute recoil of stents used for the relief of stenotic great vessels in the setting of congenital cardiac disease
Authors: Tomita Hideshi , Yazaki Satoshi , Kimura Kohji , Watanabe Ken , Hatakeyama Kinya , Ono Yasuo , Echigo Shigeyuki 
Published: May 2019

We implanted either large or medium Palmaz stents, or a Palmaz Corinthian stent, in various stenotic vessels, such as the pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, aorta, or superior caval vein. Using angiograms, we measured the diameter of the stenotic vessel before or after the implantation, the minimal diameter of the lumen, the minimal diameter of the largest fully expanded balloon used to expand the stent, and the diameter immediately after withdrawal of the balloon.The minimal diameter of the fully expanded balloon, and the minimal diameter of the lumen subsequent to expansion, were 8.2 ± 2.4, and 7.7 ± 2.3 mm, giving an absolute recoil of 0.5 ± 0.4 mm, and a proportional recoil of 7 ± 4%. There was no significant difference in either the absolute or proportional recoil for any of the stents, or for any of the different stenotic vessels. The proportional recoil correlated linearly with the minimal diameter of the lumen prior to the procedure, and with the ratio of the stenosis to the balloon, while the diameter of the stenotic vessels, the minimal diameter of the largest fully expanded balloon, the proportional stenosis prior to the procedure, and the ratio of the balloon to the diameter of the stenotic vessel, had no significant correlation with proportional recoil. The proportional recoil exceeded more than one-tenth when the minimal diameter of the lumen prior to the dilation was less than 3 mm, or the ratio of the balloon to the stenosis was greater than 3.0.An absolute recoil of around 1 mm is common when a large or medium Palmaz, or a Palmaz Corinthian stent, is implanted in great vessels. Balloons with a diameter of approximately one-tenth greater than that of the adjacent vessel may be needed if the minimal diameter of the lumen is small prior to the procedure.
WHO Approach to Quality and Safety: The WHO Quality Management Programme for Blood Transfusion Services
Authors: Hafner Valentina , Dhingra Neelam , Lloyd Shan , Amin Noryati Abu , Fordham Jan 
Published: May 2019

Objective:Quality management in all areas of blood transfusion is crucial for the provision of a safe and adequate blood supply. In 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched an innovative global programme, “Quality Management Programme (QMP) for Blood Transfusion Services” in order to assist and support Member States in the development of quality systems for blood transfusion services.Methods:The QMP has been developed as a lon- term programme in collaboration with WHO Regions, Collaborating Centres, and Experts in Transfusion Medicine. The major components of QMP are: (1) Identification and strengthening of regional quality training centers; (2) Organization of Quality Management Training (QMT) courses with a well-structured curriculum; (3) Development of advocacy, training, and learning materials to support the implementation of the programme; (4) Establishment of external quality assessment schemes (EQAS); and (5) Creation of effective quality networks. Activities in this programme have been carried-out in all of the WHO regions since 2000.Results:Consultations for the planning and evaluation of QMP were conducted in 2000. Global endorsement and support was obtained from the WHO Regions as well as from the experts. Implementation of QMP includes training of blood transfusion staff as quality managers with responsibility for establishing quality systems at national level. Regional quality training centres, each with dedicated QMT coordinators, have been identified as focal points for this network. Key achievements in this programme have been: (1) The conduct of 20 QMT courses in three years (2) Ttraining of 65 global and regional facilitators; (3) Training of 350 quality managers from 121 countries; (4) Introduction of the programme to 240 directors of blood transfusion services; and (5) Increased participation of centres, now 257, in WHO-EQA Schemes.Conclusions:The establishment and implementation of quality management systems in blood transfusion services through this collaborative programme will lead to improvements in the safety, adequacy, and quality of blood for all patients requiring blood transfusion. This will be a major step towards achieving the ultimate goal of global blood safety.
Training Australian General Surgeons for Humanitarian Emergencies: A Comparison Between Trainee Logbooks and Emergency Medical Team Caseloads
Authors: Coventry Charles , Dominquez Lynette , Read David , Trelles Miguel , Ivers Rebecca , Holland Andrew 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:Emergency medical teams (EMTs) have helped to provide surgical care in many recent sudden onset disasters (SODs), especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). General surgical training in Australia has undergone considerable change in recent years, and it is not known whether the new generation of general surgeons is equipped with the broad surgical skills needed to operate as part of EMTs.Aim:To analyze the differences between the procedures performed by contemporary Australian general surgeons during training and the procedures performed by EMTs responding to SODs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).Methods:General surgical trainee logbooks between February 2008 and January 2017 were obtained from General Surgeons Australia. Operating theatre logs from EMTs working during the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, 2014 typhoon in the Philippines, and 2015 earthquake in Nepal were also obtained. These caseloads were collated and compared.Results:A total of 1,396,383 procedures were performed by Australian general surgical trainees in the study period. The most common procedure categories were abdominal wall hernia procedures (12.7%), cholecystectomy (11.7%), and specialist colorectal procedures (11.5%). Of note, Caesarean sections, hysterectomy, fracture repair, specialist neurosurgical, and specialist pediatric surgical procedures all made up <1% of procedures each. There were a total of 3,542 procedures recorded in the EMT case logs. The most common procedures were wound debridement (31.5%), other trauma (13.3%), and Caesarean section (12.5%). Specialist colorectal, hepato-pancreaticobiliary, upper gastrointestinal, urological, vascular, neurosurgical, and pediatric surgical procedures all made up <1% each.Discussion:Australian general surgical trainees get limited exposure to the obstetric, gynecological, and orthopedic procedures that are common during EMT responses to SODs. However, there is considerable exposure to the soft tissue wound management and abdominal procedures.
The Importance of Enforcing Road Safety Laws to Reduce Road Traffic Collision (RTC) Occurrence and Fatalities in Nigeria
Authors: Awoniyi Oluwafunbi , Molloy Michael , Hart Alexander , Voskanyan Amalia , Sarin Ritu , Ciottone Gregory 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:Road Traffic Crashes (RTC) are one of the most preventable causes of death worldwide, yet are the number one cause of death in Nigeria. In March 2010, the United Nations General Assembly launched “The Decade of Action for Road Safety (2011-2020)” to “reduce road traffic deaths and injuries by 50% by 2020.”Aim:To analyze trends in RTC and deaths in relation to current road safety laws in Nigeria, and possible future interventions.Methods:Annual reports from 2013-2017 were obtained from the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) of Nigeria. These reports were analyzed for trends in RTC, deaths, and reported causes to find areas of possible improvement.Results:The number of RTC and deaths declined yearly from 2013-2017. Crashes decreased from 23.4% in 2013-2014 to 6.2% in 2015, to 0.4% in 2016, and then increased to 3.2% in 2017. Results showed that fatalities from RTC in 2013-2014 decreased by 8.4%, then by 9.3% in 2015, and by 7.1% in 2016, but had a 1.3% increase in fatalities from 2016-2017. Analysis showed that speed violations (SPV) were the top cause of RTC. These had a decrease in the number of crashes from 5,495 (32% of RTC) in 2013, to 3,496 (29%) in 2014, to 3,195 (26.5%) in 2015. They then increased to 3,848 (33.9%) in 2016 and to 4,840 (44.1%) in 2017. There was a decline in reports of RTC caused by driving under the influence (DAD) from 1% in 2013, to 0.8% in 2014, and 0.5% in 2015 and 2016.Discussion:Current road safety laws have been effective in decreasing the total number of RTC and deaths. While certain laws such as those regarding DAD have been effective, other laws such as speed limits have been less successful and may require further changes in legal codes and/or enforcement.