bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dangers of Sneezing: A Review of Injuries
Authors: Setzen Sean , Platt Michael 
Published: January 2019

Background Sneezing is an almost universal daily phenomenon as a reflex to evacuate irritants from the nasal cavities. An autonomic-controlled buildup of intrathoracic pressure against a closed glottis followed by sudden release results in a burst of 1 kPa of air through the upper airway. Active intervention to limit a sneeze can be deleterious. Closure of the airway during a sneeze can result in over 20 times the airway pressures resulting in a variety of untoward events. This review summarizes all reported injuries that occurred as the result of a sneeze. Objective The objective of this review is to summarize the risks of closed-airway sneezing and determine if there are any trends which can help understand such injuries. Methods A comprehensive literature review was performed from 1948 to 2018 to identify all reports of sneeze-related injuries. Information was compiled from reports to gain insights into comorbidities and risk factors for sneeze injuries. Results There were 52 unique reports of sneeze-related injuries in the literature that were categorized into 6 areas of injury: intrathoracic, laryngeal/pharyngeal, ocular/orbital, intracranial/neurological, otologic, and other. The mean age of subjects who suffered a sneeze injury was 40 years old (range: 15–84 years), with 81% being male gender. Thirty percent had a risk factor for injury of prior trauma (5) or respiratory compromise (5). Conclusion A variety of injuries can occur during a sneeze, especially when a closed-airway sneeze is attempted, and high Valsalva pressure is transmitted to the other systems. Men are more at risk for these injuries with the majority occurring in patients with no known risk factor. When triggered, a sneeze should be allowed to proceed without intervention to prevent associated injuries.
A cross-sectional study of the relationship between reported human papillomavirus vaccine exposure and the incidence of reported asthma in the United States
Authors: Geier David A , Kern Janet K , Geier Mark R 
Published: January 2019

Objectives: Asthma is a chronic disorder that affects persons of all ages impacting the quality of their lives. This cross-sectional hypothesis-testing study evaluated the relationship between human papillomavirus vaccine and the risk of an incident asthma diagnosis in a defined temporal period post-vaccination. Methods: The 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were examined for a group of 60,934,237 weighted persons between 9 and 26 years old in Statistical Analysis Software. Results: Reported incident asthma significantly clustered in the year of reported human papillomavirus vaccination. When the data were separated by gender, the effects observed remained significant for males but not females. Conclusion: The results suggest that human papillomavirus vaccination resulted in an excess of 261,475 asthma cases with an estimated direct excess lifetime cost of such persons being US$42 billion. However, it is unclear what part of the vaccine and/or vaccine medium may have increased an individual’s susceptibility to an asthma episode, whether the asthma diagnosis represented one asthma episode or if it is chronic, and how much therapeutic support was needed (if any) and for how long, which would impact cost. Despite the negative findings in this study, routine vaccination is an important public health tool, and the results observed need to be viewed in this context.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastrointestinal lesions on an outpatient basis
Authors: Baldaque-Silva Francisco , Marques Margarida , Andrade Ana Patrícia , Sousa Nuno , Lopes Joanne , Carneiro Fatima , Macedo Guilherme 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is usually associated with hospital admission.ObjectivesTo evaluate, prospectively, the feasibility, safety and efficacy of outpatient gastrointestinal ESD.MethodsPatients with suitable lesions were invited to participate. Those that dwelt more than 1 hour from the hospital, lived alone, had severe co‐morbidities, were <18 years old, had duodenal lesions, or that had ESD‐related complications were admitted. The remaining patients were discharged if no complications were detected. A patients’ inquiry was performed.ResultsOf the 164 ESD patients, 122 were outpatient‐based, corresponding to 115 patients, 47% male and mean age 63 ± 12 years‐old. Outpatients tended to be younger, female, to have gastric lesions, less advanced lesions, and shorter and less complicated ESDs (all p < 0.05). Outpatients’ mean tumour size was 38 mm, en bloc and R0 resection rates were 88 and 78%, respectively. Seven ESD outpatients (5.7%) had complications: delayed bleeding (n = 4), pneumonitis (n = 2) or emphysema (n = 1), all managed conservatively. Colorectal location of the lesions was predictive of hospital admission (p = 0.03). In total, 97% of patients were satisfied with the outpatient strategy.ConclusionRisks of ambulatory ESD are low and complications can be successfully managed. This strategy has high patient satisfaction. More studies are needed to evaluate its implications on costs and patients’ management.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and rheumatic diseases: A systematic review on a neglected comorbidity
Authors: Gergianaki Irini , Tsiligianni Ioanna 
Published: January 2019

Background: Although, both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and rheumatic diseases (RDs) are common, and each has significant impact on patients’ overall health/quality of life, their co-occurrence has received little attention, while 15% of COPD remains undiagnosed in RDs. Objective: To update the information regarding the comorbid state of RD/COPD (prevalence, incidence), to examine whether patients with RD have increased risk of developing COPD and vice versa, and what implications this comorbidity has on patients’ outcomes (mortality, hospitalizations, exacerbations). Methods: We performed a systematic literature review regarding the comorbidity of an RD (rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary Sjogren syndrome disease (pSS), and systemic sclerosis (SSc)) with COPD. From 2803 reports retrieved, 33 articles were further screened. Finally, 27 articles were included. Results: Robust evidence supports that COPD develops up to 68% more frequently in patients with RA, as compared to the general population. Similarly, COPD is increased in every other RD that was studied. Further, self-referred arthritis is more common in COPD patients versus non-COPD controls and a predictor of worst self-rated health status. Patients with inflammatory arthritis/COPD have increased mortality (threefold in RA-COPD, irrespectively of which is first diagnosed), hospitalizations, and emergency visits. Conclusion: COPD is more common in patients with RA, AS, PsA, SLE, pSS, and SSc; yet, the association, vice versa, warrants further investigation. Nevertheless, COPD/RDs coexistence has significant prognostic value for worst outcomes; therefore, awareness is required to track early identification, especially in primary care.
Isolated versus combined medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for lateral instability of the patella
Authors: An Vincent VG , Sivakumar Brahman S , Phan Kevin , Fritsch Brett A , Sher Doron 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) is regularly combined with a tibial tuberosity transfer (TTT) in cases of recurrent patellar instability with underlying structural deformity. However, these indications for a TTT have recently come into question. This study aimed to assess the traditional indications by comparing the outcomes of isolated and combined MPFLR for the treatment of recurrent lateral patellar dislocation. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Included studies were those which reported the outcomes of either isolated or combined or both MPFLR. Studies were required to report at least one of the following: redislocation rate, revision due to instability, or the Kujala score. Results: We found no difference between isolated and combined MPFLR in terms of redislocation ( p = 0.48), revisions due to instability ( p = 0.36), positive apprehension tests ( p = 0.25), or the Kujala score ( p = 0.58). Combined reconstruction presented more complications compared to isolated procedures ( p = 0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed no significant difference between studies investigating isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction MPFLR performed in patients with normal tibial tuberosity–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distances only or in patients with both normal and elevated TT-TG distances. Conclusions: According to the published data, there is no difference in outcomes between isolated and combined MPFLR. Underlying structural deformity did not demonstrate any significant effect on the success of the isolated MPFLR. Although there are definite indications for combined reconstruction, the current evidence suggests that our inclusion criteria may not be entirely correct. Further study is required to clarify and refine the true indications for combined MPFLR. Level of Evidence: III, meta-analysis of nonrandomized studies.
Inotuzumab: from preclinical development to success in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Wynne Joseph , Wright David , Stock Wendy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) is a recently US Food and Drug Administration–approved antibody–drug conjugate for the treatment of relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). InO consists of a CD22-targeting immunoglobulin G4 humanized monoclonal antibody conjugated to calicheamicin. Although initially developed for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) because of activity in preclinical models and high response rates in indolent lymphomas, a phase 3 trial was negative and further development focused on CD22+ ALL. Although results in NHL were disappointing, parallel testing in early-phase trials of CD22+ ALL demonstrated feasibility and efficacy. Subsequently, the randomized phase 3 Study Of Inotuzumab Ozogamicin Versus Investigator's Choice Of Chemotherapy In Patients With Relapsed Or Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia trial showed that InO was superior to standard of care regimens with a significantly improved complete remission (CR) rate in patients with relapsed/refractory disease (80.7% vs 29.4%, P &lt; .001). Patients achieving CR with InO also had a significantly higher rate of undetectable minimal residual disease compared with chemotherapy (78.4% vs 28.1%, P &lt; .001). InO-specific side effects, including veno-occlusive disease, have been an ongoing area of concern, and consensus guidelines for minimizing toxicities are now available. Ongoing trials are investigating the combination of InO with other agents in the relapse setting and the addition of InO to frontline therapy. This review details the preclinical and clinical development of InO, focusing on how best to use it and future directions for further development.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Activation of LncRNA TINCR by H3K27 acetylation promotes Trastuzumab resistance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting MicroRNA-125b in breast Cancer
Authors: Dong Huaying , Hu Jianguo , Zou Kejian , Ye Mulin , Chen Yuanwen , Wu Chengyi , Chen Xin , Han Mingli 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background
Trastuzumab resistance followed by metastasis is a major obstacle for improving the clinical outcome of patients with advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER-2+) breast cancer. While long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can modulate cell behavior, the contribution of these RNAs in trastuzumab resistance and metastasis of HER-2+ breast cancer is not well known. In this study, we sought to identify the regulatory role of lncRNA in trastuzumab resistance and accompanied Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT) process in advanced HER-2+ breast cancer.

Methods
Trastuzumab-resistant SKBR-3-TR and BT474-TR cell lines were established by grafting SKBR-3 and BT474 cells into mouse models and subjected to trastuzumab treatment. LncRNA microarray followed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was carried out to verify the differentially expressed lncRNAs. Western blotting, bioinformatics analysis, immunofluorescence assay and immunoprecipitation assays (ChIP and RIP) were performed to identify the involvement and functional interactions between H3K27 acetylation and terminal differentiation-induced non-coding RNA (TINCR) or between TINCR and its downstream genes including miR-125b, HER-2 and Snail-1. In addition, a series of in vitro and in vivo assays were performed to assess the functions of TINCR.

Results
An increase in both, IC50 value of trastuzumab and EMT was observed in the established trastuzumab-resistant cell lines. The expression level of TINCR was significantly increased in trastuzumab-resistant cells when compared with sensitive cells. Knockdown of TINCR reversed the trastuzumab resistance and the acquired EMT in these cells. TINCR was detected in the cytoplasm of breast cancer cells and could sponge miR-125b, thereby releasing HER-2 and inducing trastuzumab resistance. In addition, Snail-1 was found to be the target gene of miR-125b and overexpression of Snail-1 could reverse the suppressed migration, invasion, and EMT caused by TINCR silencing. The upregulation of TINCR in breast cancer was attributed to the CREB-binding protein (CBP)-mediated H3K27 acetylation at the promoter region of TINCR. Clinically, HER-2+ breast cancer patients with high TINCR expression levels were associated with poor response to trastuzumab therapy and shorter survival time.

Conclusion
TINCR could promote trastuzumab resistance and the accompanied EMT process in breast cancer. Therefore, TINCR might be a potential indicator for prognosis and a therapeutic target to enhance the clinical efficacy of trastuzumab treatment.
Adaptation of multiple regression analysis to identify effective factors of water losses in water distribution systems
Authors: Jang Dongwoo , Choi Gyewoon , Park Hyoseon 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt is important to manage leaks in water distribution systems by smart water technologies. In order to reduce the water loss, researches on the main factors of water pipe network affecting non-revenue water (NRW) are being actively carried out. In recent years, research has been conducted to estimate NRW using statistical analysis techniques such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Principle Component Analysis (PCA). Research on identifying factors that affect NRW in the target area is actively underway. In this study, Principle components selected through Multiple Regression Analysis are reclassified and applied to NRW estimation using PCA-ANN. The results show that the principal components estimated through PCA are connected to the NRW estimation using ANN. The detailed NRW estimation methodology presented through the study, as a result of simulating PCA-ANN after selecting statistically significant factors by MRA, forward method showed higher NRW estimation accuracy than other MRA methods.
“We Live in the Ruins of Christendom”: Bioethics in a Post-Engelhardtian Age
Authors: Paganini Claudia 
Published: January 2019

Hugo Tristram Engelhardt Jr. is a philosopher and a physician who has devoted all his life and all his creative power to developing and promoting a Christian bioethics. At the same time, the American is a personality who polarizes and has received euphoric praise on the one hand and malicious criticism on the other. This has already been the case during his lifetime and will presumably remain so even after his death, which we wish to commemorate here. In the following contribution I intend to investigate why Engelhardt provokes so different reactions in the scientific community, and I will try to bring closer together the two seemingly irreconcilable parties of Engelhardt admirers and Engelhardt critics. I will do this by focusing on the two most controversial aspects of his research, his critique of the status quo and his concept of an independent Christian bioethics.
Memory images: Holocaust memory in Balkan cinema(s)
Authors: Daković Nevena 
Published: January 2019

The aim of this paper is to analyse the shift of the representational and narrative paradigms of Holocaust memory in the Balkan films that belong to two genres – of melodrama and historicalfiction. The hybrid format positons the Holocaust (hi)stories – already caught between forgetting and remembrance – on the unstable ground between trauma and nostalgia; between history and memory; or facts and fiction. The “regained visibility of the Holocaust grant us access” to Balkan past and present and oblige us to investigate the convergence of the history and the memory into Holocaust master narrative of the Holocaust.“Bringing the dark past to light” in cinema has manifold effect. First, the Balkan wave of Holocaustfilms, with its mixed generic performances, offers new answers to the traditional issues of, both, the ethics of memory and the ethics of representation. Second, the analysis of five films reveals that the trauma from the past – resisting the closure – has the potential to powerfully resonate in the present day political crises. Re-dressing the trauma of the past, the films present the future violence while fulfilling “the Holocaust dictum ‘never forget’”. Eventually, new representational paradigm gives consistency to the Balkan (hi)stories of the past and coherence to the identity in the present.
The cinematographic representation of social frames
Authors: Bejko Julian 
Published: January 2019

The author of the essay titled «The Cinematographic Representation of Social Frames» analyzes images in the context of representing physical and ontological aspects of reality. He considers Albanian Communist Cinema (1952–1991) taking into consideration the viewer’s perspective in which cinema is treated as a metaphorical place when people learn to read images and can think through images. The author also focuses on following issues: processes of individualization, representation and the problematisation of subjectivity.
Nagość jako strategia promocyjna kina polskiego lat 80.
Authors: Zwierzchowski Piotr 
Published: January 2019

The article examines how nudity was used as a promotional strategy in the Polish cinema in the 1980s. In contrast to earlier decades, the Polish movie industry delivered dozens of films that contained female nudity and erotic scenes. Some actresses like Maria Probosz, became automatically associated with such movies. Paradoxically, the Polish cinema of the 1980s was only slightly concerned with the discourse of eroticism. As Maria Kornatowska writes,The shortage of erotic sensibility was compensated by ‘bald nakedness.’’ The reasons for the increased presence of nudity on movie screens stemmed from the transformation of social lifestyle and audiences’ demand, the search for easy profit and the need to de-politicize society. Of significant importance were the influences of the growing video market and western cinema. Projections of nudity were meant to divert attention from the bleak reality of Poland enmeshed in crisis provide a sense of belonging to the Western world, and give mostly male viewers visual pleasure. It was also a marketing technique luring viewers to cinemas by bombarding them with daring posters and stills reproduced in the press and in front of movie theaters. My article will discuss and explain the ways of presenting female nudity in terms of these economic and political tasks.
Filmowiec nie może działać wyłącznie lokalnie. Z Krzysztofem Zanussim o współpracy z kinematografią niemiecką rozmawia Ewa Ciszewska
Authors: Zanussi Krzysztof , Ciszewska Ewa 
Published: January 2019

The paper presents an interview with Krzysztof Zanussi (born 17 June 1939), one of the most renowned award-winning Polish film directors. Some of his numerous films for television and cinema have been made in co-operation with German producers, including Manfred Durniok. His film Roads in the Night (Wege in der Nacht, 1979) was presented in 1980 in Cannes as part of the section “Un certain regard”. In Germany, Zanussi filmed not only some of his own screenplays, such as Imperative (Imperativ, 1982 – Special Jury Prize at the Venice International Film Festival in 1982), but also adaptations of Polish and German literature, for example House of Women (Haus der Frauen, 1977) based on a play by Zofia Nałkowska and Bluebeard (Blaubart, 1983) based on a novel by Max Frisch. In addition to those productions, he concurrently made films in Poland. Director of the TOR Film Studio since 1979. He produced films by such directors as Krzysztof Kieślowski and Agnieszka Holland. He currently works on a feature film entitled Ether.
Biased receptor functionality versus biased agonism in G-protein-coupled receptors
Authors: Franco Rafael , Aguinaga David , Jiménez Jasmina , Lillo Jaume , Martínez-Pinilla Eva , Navarro Gemma 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFunctional selectivity is a property of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by which activation by different agonists leads to different signal transduction mechanisms. This phenomenon is also known as biased agonism and has attracted the interest of drug discovery programs in both academy and industry. This relatively recent concept has raised concerns as to the validity and real translational value of the results showing bias; firstly biased agonism may vary significantly depending on the cell type and the experimental constraints, secondly the conformational landscape that leads to biased agonism has not been defined. Remarkably, GPCRs may lead to differential signaling even when a single agonist is used. Here we present a concept that constitutes a biochemical property of GPCRs that may be underscored just using one agonist, preferably the endogenous agonist. “Biased receptor functionality” is proposed to describe this effect with examples based on receptor heteromerization and alternative splicing. Examples of regulation of final agonist-induced outputs based on interaction with β-arrestins or calcium sensors are also provided. Each of the functional GPCR units (which are finite in number) has a specific conformation. Binding of agonist to a specific conformation, i.e. GPCR activation, is sensitive to the kinetics of the agonist-receptor interactions. All these players are involved in the contrasting outputs obtained when different agonists are assayed.
There’s No Place Like Home: Investors’ Home Bias in Germany, 1898-1934
Authors: Neumayer Andreas 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This article studies investors’ expectations and investment decisions in regional stock exchanges in Germany from 1898 to 1934. Investments in stocks are particularly interesting, because research has identified a gap between model predictions of individual investment behaviour and actual investment behaviour. So far there is little information about individual investors or their characteristics in historical periods. To improve the interpretation of investors’ stock market behaviour, I look at investment behaviour and influences on that behaviour over time. I examine data on investors’ characteristics to understand local investment biases using data from regional stock exchanges in Germany from 1898-1934. The statistical analysis first indicates that local investment was clearly important during this period. Then, challenging these findings and analysing different sub-samples, it is suggested that investors’ home bias is potentially overestimated. Previous studies, which found evidence of local investment biases in Germany have presumably overestimated this effect.