bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What, If Anything, Is a Nummulite Bank?
Authors: Papazzoni Cesare A. , Seddighi Mona 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSince the introduction of the concept of a “nummulite bank” more than 50 years ago, the significance of these peculiar sedimentary structures has been debated, especially whether they are of autochthonous or allochthonous origin. At first considered as substantially autochthonous, an alternative interpretation as allochthonous deposits was suggested in the mid-1980s to explain the observation of sedimentary features indicating displacement of the nummulite tests. In more recent literature, we found examples of non-uniform use of the nummulite bank concept; sometimes the ‘banks’ are vaguely described as nummulite-rich beds, and illustrations may not allow recognition of the features characteristic of the real banks. In an attempt to achieve a scientifically robust model explaining the genesis of the nummulite banks, our objective was to test the original definition, based upon the most fundamental and useful characteristics that can be observed in the field, even in non-optimal outcrop conditions: the A/B ratio and the percentage composition (dominance) of the fossil assemblage. Both can be quantified using simple techniques on samples collected for this purpose.In an extensive survey of nummulite banks and non-banks from Italy, Spain, Romania, and Germany, we determined A/B ratios and taxonomic composition of the nummulite assemblages. Recognized nummulite banks are characterized by A/B ratios <60 and dominance of one species accounting for at least 75% of the specimens of Nummulites. Non-bank samples show A/B ratios between 60–350 and dominance usually <50%. An unexpected result was the discovery of an ‘Assilina bank’, characterizing both conditions for recognition of a nummulite bank, but with Assilina cuvillieri as the dominant species representing >75% of the larger foraminiferal assemblage.
Microbial Associations of Four Species of Algal Symbiont-bearing Foraminifers from the Florida Reef Tract, Usa
Authors: Martin Makenna M. , Kellogg Christina A. , Hallock Pamela 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
While microbiome research is a rapidly expanding field of study, relatively little is known of the microbiomes associated with Foraminifera. This preliminary study investigated microbes associated with four species of Foraminifera, representing two taxonomic orders, which host three kinds of algal endosymbionts. A major objective was to explore potential influences on the microbiome composition, including phylogenetic relatedness among the host species, similarities in algal symbionts hosted, and environmental conditions from which the specimens were collected. Samples examined from two locations along the middle Florida Keys reef tract included 45 foraminiferal specimens and four environmental samples. Bacterial DNA extraction from individual specimens was followed by amplification and amplicon sequencing of the V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene; results were obtained from 21 specimens.
The Order Miliolida, Family Soritidae, was represented by 5–8 specimens of each of three species: Archaias angulatus and Cyclorbiculina compressa, which both host chlorophyte symbionts, and Sorites orbiculus, which hosts dinoflagellate symbionts. Three Ar. angulatus specimens from which the microbiome was successfully sequenced shared 177 OTUs. Six C. compressa specimens successfully sequenced shared 58 OTUs, of which 31 were also shared by the three specimens of Ar. angulatus. Four successfully sequenced S. orbiculus specimens shared 717 unique OTUs. The 13 soritid specimens shared 26 OTUs, 23 of which represented Proteobacteria, predominantly of the bacterial family Rhodobacteraceae.
The fourth foraminiferal species, Amphistegina gibbosa (Order Rotaliida) hosts diatom endosymbionts. Bacterial DNA extraction was attempted on 16 Am. gibbosa, including both normal-appearing and partly-bleached specimens. Only six OTUs, four of which represented Proteobacteria, were found in all eight specimens successfully sequenced. The partly bleached specimens shared nearly twice as many unique microbial OTUs (32) as the normal-appearing specimens (19). All Am. gibbosa specimens shared only four microbial OTUs with the soritid species, three of which may have been contaminants, indicating minimal commonality between the microbiomes of Am. gibbosa and the soritid taxa.
A multicentre parallel-group randomised trial assessing multiparametric MRI characterisation and image-guided biopsy of prostate in men suspected of having prostate cancer: MULTIPROS study protocol
Authors: Szewczyk-Bieda Magdalena , Wei Cheng , Coll Katherine , Gandy Stephen , Donnan Peter , Ragupathy Senthil Kumar Arcot , Singh Paras , Wilson Jennifer , Nabi Ghulam 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

There is growing evidence suggesting that multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is a marker for prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness and could be used to plan treatment. Improving early detection of clinically significant PCa with pre-biopsy mpMRI would very likely have advantages including optimising the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and diminishing patient anxiety.

Methods and materials

This is a prospective multicentre study of pre-biopsy mpMRI diagnostic test accuracy with subgroup randomisation at a 1:1 ratio with respect to transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and MRI/US fusion-guided biopsy or TRUS-only biopsy. It is designed as a single-gate study with a single set of inclusion criteria. The total duration of the recruitment phase was 48 months; however, this has now been extended to 66 months. A sample size of 600 participants is required.

Discussion

The primary objective is to determine whether mpMRI can improve PCa detection and characterisation. The key secondary objective is to determine whether MRI/US fusion-guided biopsy can reduce the number of false-negative biopsies. Ethical approval was obtained from the East of Scotland Research Ethics Committee 1 (14/ES/1070) on 20 November 2014. The results of this study will be used for publication and presentation in national and international journals and scientific conferences.
The removal efficiency of total coliform, Escherichia coli, suspended solids, UV254 and colour using Zeliac filter in riverbank filtration system
Authors: Abdul Aziz Hamidi , Ibrahim Nurazim , Alazaiza Motasem Y. D. , Kah Win Cheong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAddition of composite adsorbent Zeliac to a riverbank filtration system can enhance the removal of micropollutants in polluted river water. This paper aims to investigate the potential use of Zeliac to remove pollutants, such as total coliform, Escherichia coli, suspended solids (SSs), UV254 and colour, from the Sungai Kerian River. Two columns filled with Zeliac of different granular sizes were established and continuously run for 15 days. Maximum SS removals of 93% and 98% were recorded for Zeliac with granular sizes of 1.18–2 mm and 0.42–0.6 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, 99%–100% of total coliform was removed from the system, and no E. coli was detected in the effluent up to 15 h of the experiments. High removal efficiencies were also recorded for UV254 (&gt;80%) and colour (&gt;90%). Granular size showed no significant effect on the removal of the selected parameters, especially total coliform and E. coli. Zeliac showed good potential as an adsorbent to improve water treatment.
Novel Chiral Ligands for Palladium-catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation/ Asymmetric Tsuji-Trost Reaction: A Review
Authors: Noreen Samar , Zahoor Ameer Fawad , Ahmad Sajjad , Shahzadi Irum , Irfan Ali , Faiz Sadia 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Asymmetric catalysis holds a prestigious role in organic syntheses since a long
time and chiral inductors such as ligands have been used to achieve the utmost desired results
at this pitch. The asymmetric version of Tsuji-Trost allylation has played a crucial
role in enantioselective synthesis. Various chiral ligands have been known for Pdcatalyzed
Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation (AAA) reactions and exhibited excellent catalytic
potential. The use of chiral ligands as asymmetric inductors has widened the scope of
Tsuji-Trost allylic alkylation reactions.

Conclusion:
Therefore, in this review article, a variety of chiral inductors or ligands have been focused
for palladium catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation (Tsuji-Trost allylation) and in this
regard, recently reported literature (2013-2017) has been described. The use of ligands
causes the induction of enantiodiscrimination to the allylated products, therefore, the syntheses of various kinds
of ligands have been targeted by many research groups to employ in Pd-catalyzed AAA reactions.
Intellectual Curve Scene Text Detection from Natural Images Using MSER Descriptor Based Region Segmentation Approach
Authors: Kumar Deepak , SIngh Ramandeep 
Published: August 2019

Background:
A novel method to detect the text region from the natural image using the
discriminative deep feature of text regions is presented with deep learning concept in this manuscript.

Objective:
Curve Text Detection (CTD) from the natural image is generally based on two different
tasks: learning of text data and text region detection. In the learning of text data, the goal is to
train the system with a sample of letters and natural images, while, in the text region detection, the
aim is to confirm whether the detected regions are text region or not. The emphasis of this research
is on the development of deep learning algorithm.

Methods:
A novel approach has been proposed to detect the text region from natural images
which simultaneously tackles three combined challenges: 1) pre-processing of the image without
losing text region; 2) appropriate segmentation of text region using their strokes, and 3) training of
data. In pre-processing, image enhancement and binarization are done then morphological operations
are defined with the Maximally Stable Extremal Region (MSER) based segmentation technique
which operates on the basis of stroke region of text and then finds out the (Speed Up Robust
Feature) SURF key point from those regions.

Results:
Based on the SURF feature, text region is detected from the images using a trained structure
of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) which is based on deep learning mechanism.

Conclusion:
CTW-1500 dataset is used to simulate the proposed work and the parameters like
Precision, Recall, F-Measure (H-mean), Execution time, Accuracy and Error Rate are computed
and are compared with the existing work to depict the effectiveness of the work.
Electronic Consultation in Primary Care Between Providers and Patients: Systematic Review
Authors: Mold Freda , Hendy Jane , Lai Yi-Ling , de Lusignan Simon 
Published: August 2019

Background
Governments and health care providers are keen to find innovative ways to deliver care more efficiently. Interest in electronic consultation (e-consultation) has grown, but the evidence of benefit is uncertain.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the evidence of delivering e-consultation using secure email and messaging or video links in primary care.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted on the use and application of e-consultations in primary care. We searched 7 international databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, EconLit, and Web of Science; 1999-2017), identifying 52 relevant studies. Papers were screened against a detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Independent dual data extraction was conducted and assessed for quality. The resulting evidence was synthesized using thematic analysis.

Results
This review included 57 studies from a range of countries, mainly the United States (n=30) and the United Kingdom (n=13). There were disparities in uptake and utilization toward more use by younger, employed adults. Patient responses to e-consultation were mixed. Patients reported satisfaction with services and improved self-care, communication, and engagement with clinicians. Evidence for the acceptability and ease of use was strong, especially for those with long-term conditions and patients located in remote regions. However, patients were concerned about the privacy and security of their data. For primary health care staff, e-consultation delivers challenges around time management, having the correct technological infrastructure, whether it offers a comparable standard of clinical quality, and whether it improves health outcomes.

Conclusions
E-consultations may improve aspects of care delivery, but the small scale of many of the studies and low adoption rates leave unanswered questions about usage, quality, cost, and sustainability. We need to improve e-consultation implementation, demonstrate how e-consultations will not increase disparities in access, provide better reassurance to patients about privacy, and incorporate e-consultation as part of a manageable clinical workflow.
The Association Between Selected Molecular Biomarkers and Ambulatory Blood Pressure Patterns in African Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertensive Patients Compared With Normotensive Controls: Protocol for a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Adeoye Abiodun Moshood , Adebayo Oladimeji , Abiola Busayo , Iwalokun Bamidele , Tayo Bamidele , Charchar Fadi , Ojo Akinlolu , Cooper Richard 
Published: August 2019

Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a burgeoning epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Abnormal blood pressure variations are prevalent in CKD and potentiate the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Certain genetic variants (angiotensin II receptor type 1 1166 A>C and angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion and deletion polymorphisms) and biomarkers such as interleukin–6, tumor necrosis factor, soluble (s) E-selectin, homocysteine, and highly sensitive C-reactive protein have been shown to affect blood pressure variability among non-African CKD, hypertensive. and nonhypertensive CKD population. However, the contributions of the pattern, genetic, and environmental determinants of ambulatory blood pressure in African CKD have not been characterized. Understanding these interactions may help to develop interventions to prevent major cardiovascular events among people with CKD.

Objective
The overarching objective of this study is to identify, document, and develop approaches to address related phenomic, genetic, and environmental determinants of ambulatory blood pressure patterns in African CKD and non-CKD hypertensive patients compared with normotensive controls.

Methods
This is a longitudinal short-term follow-up study of 200 adult subjects with CKD and 200 each of age-matched hypertensives without CKD and apparently healthy controls. Demographic information, detailed clinical profile, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure measurements will be obtained. Blood samples will be collected to determine albumin-creatinine ratio, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, electrolytes, urea and creatinine, C-reactive protein, serum homocysteine, fibroblast growth factor–23, and complete blood count, while 2 mL blood aliquot will be collected in EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) tubes and mixed using an electronic rolling system to prevent blood clots and subsequently used for DNA extraction and genetic analysis.

Results
A total of 239 participants have been recruited so far, and it is expected that the recruitment phase will be complete in June 2020. The follow-up phase will continue with data analysis and publications of results.

Conclusions
This study will help stratify Nigerian CKD patients phenotypically and genotypically in terms of their blood pressure variations with implications for targeted interventions and timing of medications to improve prognosis.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/14820
Foreign Terms in the Daily Arabic Discourse of Arab University Students
Authors: Saeed Aziz Thabit 
Published: August 2019

This study investigates the presence of foreign terms, especially communication-oriented ones, in the daily Arabic discourse of University students. Data in the study were culled from 70 university students in two stages. Data obtained from the first stage of elicitation were made into a survey that comprises foreign terms together with their Arabic counterparts. The second stage involved distributing the survey to 50 freshman University students at the AOU, Kuwait. The students were to select the terms that they use in their daily Arabic communication, i.e., Arabic or English. The findings of the analysis reveal that the English terms emerged as the vividly dominant code of communication in Arabic conversations as far as the terms in the study are concerned. The paper delineates the results of the analysis. The implications of this research will be important in the area of Arabicization and the role of the Arabic language Academies in maximizing their efforts toward Arabicization in this age of technological revolution.
Key words: Arabic, foreign words, English, equivalents.
Program Sehat Tanpa Napza untuk Meningkatkan Drug Use Resistance Self Efficacy: Prevensi Primer Penyalahgunaan Napza pada Remaja
Authors: Rozi Hasan Fahrur , Adiyanti Maria Goretti 
Published: August 2019

This research aimed to assess the influence of program sehat tanpa napza on drug use resistance self efficacy. Quasi experiment (untreated control group design with dependent pretest and posttest) was used as the design of the study. The participants of this study were eight grader students from two junior high schools in Yogyakarta, which X junior high school was the experimental group and Y junior high school was the control group. Drug use resistance self efficacy was measured with drug use resistance self efficacy scale modified from Carpenter (2006). The data was analyzed with anova mixed design using SPSS. The result show that Program Sehat Tanpa Napza was not significantly increased drug use resistance self efficacy in experimental group of adolescent compared with control group (F = 1.056; p > 0.05). However, adolescent’s drug use resistance self efficacy in experimental group were increased significantly.
Comparative Analysis of Flour Properties of Dioscorea alata Tuber And Its Utilization On Wet Noodle
Authors: Lavlinesia Lavlinesia 
Published: August 2019

Abstract— Dioscorea alata grown in many areas of the world has been intensively studied. However none of Indonesian cultivar has been intensively studied for their properties and its utilization in food industry. This research was aimed to compare the properties of purple Dioscorea alata’s flour produced using different methods and to study the effect of partly substituted wheat by purple Dioscorea alata’s flour on the characteristic of wet noodles. The research on the properties of purple Dioscorea alata’s flour was conducted using complete random design with treatment on the methods used to produce flour: control, steaming, soaking in 1% citric acid solution + steaming, blanching + soaking in 1% citric acid solution + steaming and blanching + soaking in 2% ascorbic acid solution + steaming.These 5 methods were repeated 4 times. The research on utilization of Dioscoreaalata’s flour on wet noodle was conducted using complete random design with 5 levels of treatment (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of Dioscorea alata’s flour) and 4 replications. The result showed that steaming the slices of tuber for 7 minutes prior to drying was an effective method to produce flour with strong natural color of purple. The concentration of Dioscorea alata’s flour significantly affects the elongation and texture of noodle (p<0.05). Except for its unpleasant grey color, wet noodle can be produced using up to 40% Dioscorea alata’s flour.
Fortification of Citric Acid to Enhance Sensory Properties of Papaya Jam during Storage
Authors: Renate Dharia 
Published: August 2019

Abstract--The objectives of this research were to know the effect of citric acid on papaya jam to its sensory propertiesduring storage and to determine the concentration of citric acid and storage time to the quality of papaya jam. Material used was mature and ripe of fresh papaya, purchased from local market. This research was designed as a Factorial Completely Randomized Designed. The factors were the concentration of citric acids (0.3, 0.35, 0.4 percent w/w) and storage times (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks). The number of 18 trained panelists evaluated the color, texture, spreadibility and flavor. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance. The significantly different treatment was further analyzed by using Multiple Comparison and TukeyTest. The results indicated that the concentration of citric acids and storage time had significant effects on the quality of papaya jam. Research concluded that the concentration of citric acids of 0.4 percent and storage time of 2 weeks were found to yield the best quality in papaya jam. The papaya jam was good in light yellow color, soft texture, good spreadibility, liked flavor, hence the consumeracceptance like this papaya jam.
Escolher/avaliar materiais didáticos digitais: concepções de professores e implicações em suas práticas docentes
Authors: Alexandra de Godoi e Silva Katia , Cristina Lima Paniago Maria 
Published: August 2019

Este estudo apresenta o recorte de uma pesquisa de estágio pós-doutoral realizada com professores do ensino superior participantes de um grupo de estudo. A fundamentação teórica suscita a questão da escolha e avaliação dos materiais no formato digital. Metodologicamente, o trabalho caracteriza-se como pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa e utiliza a entrevista como instrumento de produção dos dados, no intuito de criar um espaço de interlocução, escuta atenta, reflexão e decisão compartilhada. Os resultados apontam o processo de formação como algo processual, gradativo e que demanda mais discussões sobre a temática dos Materiais Didáticos Digitais, tanto inicial como continuada, priorizando autonomia, autoria e criticidade dos professores em formação.
Desafios e Aplicações da Realidade Aumentada Móvel na Educação
Authors: Roberto Zorzal Ezequiel , Armando Pires Jorge Joaquim , Guimarães Costa Guilherme 
Published: August 2019

A Realidade Aumentada móvel pode ser aplicada em diversas áreas do conhecimento, dentre elas, podemos destacar o uso da tecnologia na educação. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma análise das aplicações de Realidade Aumentada móvel para educação, considerando as áreas da educação que têm sido beneficiadas e o levantamento dos desafios da área. Foram analisados 83 trabalhos que apresentaram pesquisas com foco na aplicação da Realidade Aumentada móvel para educação. Percebemos que as aplicações relacionadas às áreas da biologia e história foram as mais abordadas nos trabalhos analisados, além disso, a Realidade Aumentada móvel foi utilizada na educação para melhorar a representação de objetos espaciais e simplificar os conceitos à eles associados, além de melhorar a colaboração e interação dos estudantes.