bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sollten Psychiater mehr über Public Mental Health wissen?
Authors: Schomerus G. , Riedel-Heller S. G. 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht zum Verständnis und zu Forschungs- und Handlungsfeldern von Public Mental Health und verweist auf eine substanzielle Wissensbasis. Zudem werden Entwicklungslinien des international an Bedeutung gewinnenden Bereiches in Deutschland aufgezeigt. Obgleich das Engagement der Psychiatrie für diese Forschungs- und Handlungsfelder eine lange Tradition hat, entspricht die Positionierung des Bereiches nicht der bevölkerungsmedizinischen Relevanz psychischer Erkrankungen. Ziel: Auf die Notwendigkeit der Stärkung von Kompetenzen von Psychiatern in Public Mental Health wird verwiesen.
Developing a postgraduate curriculum for European psychiatry
Authors: Gaebel W. , Hermans M. , Muijen M. , Sönmez E. , Kerst A. 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Background: The internal market of the European Union allows medical professionals, like psychiatrists, to work in their country of choice. Although the medical qualification is recognized in other countries, considerable differences in education remain. Objective: This article gives an overview of the current state of psychiatric training in Europe, previous efforts to harmonize it and future directions for action. Results: Psychiatric training in Europe is highly diverse. There is no official body within the European Union (EU) that is responsible for training harmonization. Despite previous efforts to generate common European standards for post-graduate training in psychiatry, the implementation continues to be a major challenge. Conclusion: The European Psychiatric Association (EPA), the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS), the World Health Organization (WHO) Europe and the European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT) have decided to revive previous work on harmonized post-graduate education and created the Task Force on Education in European Psychiatry (TFEEP) in order to reach a training and education consensus in Europe. The creation of an attractive and high quality framework which is based on the needs of modern psychiatric practice and sensitive to European traditions and values is the main aim to be pursued in future.
Plastid terminal oxidase requires translocation to the grana stacks to act as a sink for electron transport
Authors: Stepien Piotr , Johnson Giles N. 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Growing concerns about food security and changing climates make the identification of stress-tolerance traits a priority. Here we show that the activation of the plastid terminal oxidase, via its relocation within the thylakoid membrane, can induce a protective sink for electron transport. We have thus identified an unexpected mechanism for protein activation and opened avenues for engineering plant stress tolerance.
Nanoscale remodeling of ryanodine receptor cluster size underlies cerebral microvascular dysfunction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Pritchard Harry A. T. , Pires Paulo W. , Yamasaki Evan , Thakore Pratish , Earley Scott 
Published: September 2018

SignificanceDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a hereditary neuromuscular disease that results from mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin. The effects of the disease on cardiac and skeletal muscle have been intensely investigated, but much less is known about how DMD impacts vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Using superresolution nanoscopy, we demonstrate that clusters of ryanodine receptors (RyR2s) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of cerebral artery SMCs from themdxmouse model of DMD are larger compared with controls. Increased RyR2 cluster size is associated with augmented SR Ca2+release and Ca2+-activated K+channel activity, resulting in impaired vasoconstriction of cerebral microvessels. Our findings demonstrate that remodeling of RyR2 clusters at the molecular level results in cerebral microvascular dysfunction during DMD.
Morphological transitions of elastic filaments in shear flow
Authors: Liu Yanan , Chakrabarti Brato , Saintillan David , Lindner Anke , du Roure Olivia 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Elastic filaments and semiflexible polymers occur ubiquitously in biophysical systems and are key components of many complex fluids, yet our understanding of their conformational dynamics under flow is incomplete. Here, we report on experimental observations of actin filaments in simple shear and characterize their various dynamical regimes from tumbling to buckling and snaking. Numerical simulations accounting for elastohydrodynamics as well as Brownian fluctuations show perfect agreement with measurements. Using a reduced-order theoretical model, we elucidate the unexplained mechanism for the transition to snaking. Our results pave the way for a better understanding of biophysical processes, as well as the rheology of sheared soft materials, and provide a theoretical framework for the exploration of the dynamics of dilute and semidilute suspensions.
Structural fluctuations cause spin-split states in tetragonal (CH
3
NH
3
)PbI
3
as evidenced by the circular photogalvanic effect
Authors: Niesner Daniel , Hauck Martin , Shrestha Shreetu , Levchuk Ievgen , Matt Gebhard J. , Osvet Andres , Batentschuk Miroslaw , Brabec Christoph , Weber Heiko B. , Fauster Thomas 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Lead halide perovskites are successfully used in thin-film solar cells, with efficiencies on the laboratory scale exceeding 22%. The electronic structure underlying their exceptional phototransport properties is complex because of the organic–inorganic character of the materials, their mechanical softness, and the strong spin–orbit coupling induced by the constituting heavy elements. Calculations predict that a dynamical Rashba effect could enhance the lifetimes and diffusion lengths of photocarriers in perovskite solar cells. The dynamical Rashba effect is characterized by spin splittings in the band structure at elevated temperatures, induced by local structural disorder. The mechanism should be general to structurally flexible materials composed of heavy elements, making those potentially attractive for both optoelectronics and spintronics.
Decreased water activity in nanoconfinement contributes to the folding of G-quadruplex and i-motif structures
Authors: Jonchhe Sagun , Pandey Shankar , Emura Tomoko , Hidaka Kumi , Hossain Mohammad Akter , Shrestha Prakash , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Endo Masayuki , Mao Hanbin 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Nanocavities in cellular compartments or molecular assemblies are commonplace in nature. Nanoconfinement has demonstrated significant effects on the folding of biomolecules, which is mediated by hydration waters. Therefore, understanding the property of water molecules in nanocavities is instrumental to elucidate the confinement effect. By exploiting the known numbers of waters lost during the folding of DNA G-quadruplex and i-motif structures, we quantified that water activities decreased within smaller DNA origami nanocages. This effect is more pronounced than that induced by cosolutes such as polyethylene glycol (PEG). In addition, loss of water molecules during the folding of G-quadruplex and i-motif governs the folding of biomolecules in nanoconfinement.
Chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1 regulate viral encephalitis-induced hippocampal damage but not seizures
Authors: Käufer Christopher , Chhatbar Chintan , Bröer Sonja , Waltl Inken , Ghita Luca , Gerhauser Ingo , Kalinke Ulrich , Löscher Wolfgang 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Viral encephalitis is a frequent medical emergency, often resulting in acute seizures and brain damage, which reduce quality of life, promote the development of epilepsy, and can cause death. The relative roles of activation of microglia, the brain-resident innate immune cells, versus invasion of blood-borne immune cells such as monocytes in the acute and chronic consequences of viral encephalitis are only incompletely understood. Here we show that lack of the chemokine receptors CCR2 or CX3CR1, which regulate the responses of myeloid cells such as monocytes and microglia, prevents hippocampal damage but not seizures in a mouse model of viral encephalitis. Treatment strategies aimed at inhibiting peripheral immune cells from entering the brain during encephalitis could reduce brain damage.
Origin of the emergent fragile-to-strong transition in supercooled water
Authors: Shi Rui , Russo John , Tanaka Hajime 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Upon cooling, the liquid dynamics generally slow down, with a rate that either keeps constant for a strong liquid or monotonically increases for a fragile one. However, water, silica, and some metallic liquids do not obey this general rule and the rate exhibits a maximum. This unusual phenomenon is known as the fragile-to-strong transition and its origin remains very controversial. Here we show that the fragility of water is only apparent and that it originates from a crossover between a high-temperature liquid without locally favored structures and a low-temperature one full of them, both of which have Arrhenius dynamics. Given its generality, this explanation of dynamic anomalies may be common to any liquids having a tendency to form locally favored structures.
A pan-mammalian map of interhemispheric brain connections predates the evolution of the corpus callosum
Authors: Suárez Rodrigo , Paolino Annalisa , Fenlon Laura R. , Morcom Laura R. , Kozulin Peter , Kurniawan Nyoman D. , Richards Linda J. 
Published: September 2018

SignificanceThe neocortex is a hallmark of mammalian evolution, and connections between both hemispheres integrate bilateral functions. In eutherians (e.g., rodents and humans), interhemispheric circuits course via the corpus callosum and share a similar connectome throughout species. Noneutherian mammals (i.e., monotremes and marsupials), however, did not evolve a corpus callosum; therefore, whether the eutherian connectome arose as consequence of callosal evolution or instead reflects ancient connectivity principles remains unknown. We studied monotreme and marsupial interhemispheric neocortical connectomes and compared these with eutherian datasets. This revealed interhemispheric connectivity features shared across mammals, with or without a corpus callosum, suggesting that an ancient connectome originated at least 80 million years before callosal evolution.
Engineered DNA plasmid reduces immunity to dystrophin while improving muscle force in a model of gene therapy of Duchenne dystrophy
Authors: Ho Peggy P. , Lahey Lauren J. , Mourkioti Foteini , Kraft Peggy E. , Filareto Antonio , Brandt Moritz , Magnusson Klas E. G. , Finn Eric E. , Chamberlain Jeffrey S. , Robinson William H. , Blau Helen M. , Steinman Lawrence 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder in which mutations in the dystrophin gene causes severe muscle wasting. A proposed treatment method involves systemic gene replacement therapy to introduce a functional dystrophin gene to the skeletal and cardiac muscles of the patient via rAAV6. A potentially serious problem may arise from immune recognition of dystrophin and the accompanying adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector. This unwanted immunity could interfere with successful long-term dystrophin expression by muscle cells. To suppress the unwanted immune response, a DNA vaccine was engineered to dampen immunity to both dystrophin and AAV6 capsid. Development of this engineered plasmid aims to improve gene replacement therapy and to overcome problems inherent with unwanted immunity to the encoded protein and to the delivery vector.
Evolution of metazoan morphological disparity
Authors: Deline Bradley , Greenwood Jennifer M. , Clark James W. , Puttick Mark N. , Peterson Kevin J. , Donoghue Philip C. J. 
Published: September 2018

SignificanceWe attempt to quantify animal “bodyplans” and their variation within Metazoa. Our results challenge the view that maximum variation was achieved early in animal evolutionary history by nonuniformitarian mechanisms. Rather, they are compatible with the view that the capacity for fundamental innovation is not limited to the early evolutionary history of clades. We perform quantitative tests of the principal hypotheses of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the establishment of animal bodyplans and corroborate the hypothesis that animal evolution has been permitted or driven by gene regulatory evolution.
Ragulator and SLC38A9 activate the Rag GTPases through noncanonical GEF mechanisms
Authors: Shen Kuang , Sabatini David M. 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Amino acids are basic building blocks for all organisms and are essential for cell growth and proliferation. Cells use a set of protein machines to sense the availability of amino acids to carry out basic responses. In particular, the mTORC1 pathway is a central sensor of amino acids in mammalian cells. Residing on the lysosomal surface upon activation, mTORC1 processes signals from the upstream Rag GTPases and stimulates downstream effectors through phosphorylation cascades. Ragulator and SLC38A9 are key components of the lysosomal branch of the amino acid-sensing machinery upstream of the Rag GTPases, but how they regulate the Rag GTPases at the molecular level remains poorly understood. Here we used kinetic analyses to define their functions.
Prediction of protein group function by iterative classification on functional relevance network
Authors: Khan Ishita K , Jain Aashish , Rawi Reda , Bensmail Halima , Kihara Daisuke 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Biological experiments including proteomics and transcriptomics approaches often reveal sets of proteins that are most likely to be involved in a disease/disorder. To understand the functional nature of a set of proteins, it is important to capture the function of the proteins as a group, even in cases where function of individual proteins is not known. In this work, we propose a model that takes groups of proteins found to work together in a certain biological context, integrates them into functional relevance networks, and subsequently employs an iterative inference on graphical models to identify group functions of the proteins, which are then extended to predict function of individual proteins.

Results
The proposed algorithm, iterative group function prediction (iGFP), depicts proteins as a graph that represents functional relevance of proteins considering their known functional, proteomics and transcriptional features. Proteins in the graph will be clustered into groups by their mutual functional relevance, which is iteratively updated using a probabilistic graphical model, the conditional random field. iGFP showed robust accuracy even when substantial amount of GO annotations were missing. The perspective of ‘group’ function annotation opens up novel approaches for understanding functional nature of proteins in biological systems.
Availability and implementation: http://kiharalab.org/iGFP/

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A graphical model for skewed matrix-variate non-randomly missing data
Authors: Zhang Lin , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar 
Published: September 2018

SummaryEpidemiological studies on periodontal disease (PD) collect relevant bio-markers, such as the clinical attachment level (CAL) and the probed pocket depth (PPD), at pre-specified tooth sites clustered within a subject’s mouth, along with various other demographic and biological risk factors. Routine cross-sectional evaluation are conducted under a linear mixed model (LMM) framework with underlying normality assumptions on the random terms. However, a careful investigation reveals considerable non-normality manifested in those random terms, in the form of skewness and tail behavior. In addition, PD progression is hypothesized to be spatially-referenced, i.e. disease status at proximal tooth-sites may be different from distally located sites, and tooth missingness is non-random (or informative), given that the number and location of missing teeth informs about the periodontal health in that region. To mitigate these complexities, we consider a matrix-variate skew-$t$ formulation of the LMM with a Markov graphical embedding to handle the site-level spatial associations of the bivariate (PPD and CAL) responses. Within the same framework, the non-randomly missing responses are imputed via a latent probit regression of the missingness indicator over the responses. Our hierarchical Bayesian framework powered by relevant Markov chain Monte Carlo steps addresses the aforementioned complexities within an unified paradigm, and estimates model parameters with seamless sharing of information across various stages of the hierarchy. Using both synthetic and real clinical data assessing PD status, we demonstrate a significantly improved fit of our proposition over various other alternative models.
Microaggression and everyday resistance in narratives of refugee resettlement
Authors: El-Bialy Rowan , Mulay Shree 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The mental health of resettled refugees is not only affected by the trauma they experience before and while fleeing persecution, but also by experiences during the resettlement process. Drawing on a qualitative study of refugees’ experiences of mental wellbeing in a small Canadian city this paper documents participants’ experiences of microaggression and everyday resistance. In our analysis, we refer to the metaphor of uprooting that is often used to describe the totality of refugee displacement. In our expansion of the metaphor, microaggression re-uproots resettled refugees by challenging their right to be where they are. Using acts of everyday resistance, participants in our sample attempted to set down roots in the resettlement context despite microaggressions. Participants’ acts of everyday resistance are captured under five themes: rejecting victimhood, rejecting burden narratives, ignorance as an explanation, the transience of vulnerability, and setting down roots. This study contributes to the literature that de-emphasizes the vulnerability narrative of refugee mental health by demonstrating the role of personal agency in refugees’ experiences of their own wellbeing.
Should Sex Be Considered an Effect Modifier in the Evaluation of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness?
Authors: Chambers Catharine , Skowronski Danuta M , Rose Caren , Serres Gaston De , Winter Anne-Luise , Dickinson James A , Jassem Agatha , Gubbay Jonathan B , Fonseca Kevin , Drews Steven J , Charest Hugues , Martineau Christine , Petric Martin , Krajden Mel 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We investigated sex as a potential modifier of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) between 2010–2011 and 2016–2017 in Canada. Overall VE was 49% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43% to 55%) for females and 38% (95% CI, 28% to 46%) for males (absolute difference [AD], 11%; P = .03). Sex differences were greatest for influenza A(H3N2) (AD, 17%; P = .07) and B(Victoria) (AD, 20%; P = .08) compared with A(H1N1)pdm09 (AD, 10%; P = .19) or B(Yamagata) (AD, –3%; P = .68). They were also more pronounced in older adults ≥50 years (AD, 19%; P = .03) compared with those &lt;20 years (AD, 4%; P = .74) or 20–49 years (AD, –1%; P = .90) but with variation by subtype/lineage. More definitive investigations of VE by sex and age are warranted to elucidate these potential interactions.
Saving Water with a Nudge (or Two): Evidence from Costa Rica on the Effectiveness and Limits of Low-Cost Behavioral Interventions on Water Use
Authors: Miranda Juan Jose , Datta Saugato , Zoratto Laura 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The study uses a randomized controlled trial to test the impact of simple, inexpensive, and nonpersonalized behavioral interventions (or “nudges”) on water consumption in the context of a developing country. A descriptive social norm intervention using neighborhood comparisons reduces average water consumption in the first two postintervention months by 4.9 percent relative to the control group, while a planning postcard intervention reduces consumption by 4.8 percent. A descriptive social norm intervention using a town-level comparison also reduces water consumption by 3.2 percent, but this effect is not statistically significant. Finally, the study's one-time interventions continue to generate statistically significant reductions in water use for up to four months after they are implemented.
An inhibitor-interaction intermediate of HIV-1 protease, revealed by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry and NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Khan Shahid N , Persons John D , Guerrero Michel , Ilina Tatiana V. , Oda Masayuki , Ishima Rieko 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSome of drug-resistant mutants of HIV-1 protease (PR), such as a clinically-relevant drug- resistant PR mutant (Flap+(I54V)) containing L10I, G48V, I54V and V82A mutations, produce significant changes in the balance between entropy and enthalpy of the drug-PR interactions, compared to the wild-type (WT) PR. Here, to gain a comprehensive understanding of the entropy-enthalpy compensation effects, we compared nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fluorescence spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) data of a WT PR with Flap+(I54V)and related mutants: (1) Flap+(I54V); (2) Flap+(I54A)which evolves from Flap+(I54V)in the continued presence of inhibitor yet does not exhibit entropy-enthalpy compensation; and (3) Flap+(I54), a control mutant that contains only L10I, G48V and V82A mutations. Our data indicate that WT and Flap+(I54A)show enthalpy-driven inhibitor-interaction, while Flap+(I54)and Flap+(I54V)exhibit entropy-driven inhibitor interaction. Interestingly, Flap+(I54A)exhibited significantly slower heat flow in the competitive ITC experiment with a strong binder, darunavir, and a weak binder, acetyl-pepstatin, but did not exhibit such slow heat flow in the direct inhibitor-titration experiments. NMR confirmed replacement of the weak binder by the strong binder in a competitive manner. This difference in the heat flow of the competitive binding experiment compared to the direct experiment can only be explained by assuming an inhibitor-bound intermediate pathway. A similar, but attenuated, tendency for slow heat flow was also detected in the competitive experiment with WT. Overall, our data suggests that an inhibitor-bound intermediate affects the entropy-enthalpy compensation of inhibitor-PR interaction.