bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Alzheimer Disease Imaging Biomarkers and Performance on the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery in Late-middle Age Hispanics
Authors: Tahmi Mouna , Rippon Brady , Palta Priya , Sherwood Greysi , Hernandez Gabriela , Soto Luisa , Cespedes Sandino , Pardo Michelle , Laing Krystal , Igwe Kay , Johnson Aubrey , Tomljanovic Zeljko , He Hengda , Gutierrez José , Teresi Jeanne A. , Moreno Herman , Kreisl William , Razlighi Qolamreza , Brickman Adam M. , Luchsinger José A. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
The National Institute of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) is increasingly used in Alzheimer disease (AD) research. We examined the relation of AD biomarkers with performance in the NIHTB-CB in late middle age.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional analysis of 334 Hispanic participants aged 64.22±3.35 years from a study of AD biomarkers. White matter hyperintensities (WMH), infarcts, and cortical thickness in AD regions (CT) were assessed with 3T magnetic resonance imaging. Amyloid and tau were assessed with 18F-Florbetaben and 18F-MK6240 positron emission tomography, respectively.

Results:
Lower CT and infarcts were associated with worse Oral Reading Recognition and Cognition Crystallized Composite scores. Lower CT and higher WMH were associated with worse Pattern Comparison Processing Speed. Amyloid and tau were not associated with any test.

Discussion:
Amyloid and tau, the culprits of AD, are not related to the NIHTB-CB in late middle age. Continued follow-up will reveal if AD impacts performance on the NIHTB-CB.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards the First Aid Management of Foreign Body Aspiration and Obstruction Among Parents of Children Visited Sphmmc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Yohannes , Yifru Sisay 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundForeign body aspiration and obstruction are the main cause of accidental death in childhood, and Foreign bodies (FBs) in the aerodigestive tract provide diagnostic and therapeutic problems and are significant sources of morbidity and mortality. Lack of community awareness toward the FBA presentation and its management further aggravate the problem. Despite this, there are very few studies in this area which necessitates further study. Therefore the present study may help as an output to increase parents’ awareness towards immediate first aid intervention, in preventing delayed healthcare access and intervention at a community level in general.ObjectiveAssessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards the first aid management of foreign body aspiration and obstruction among parents of children coming to St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College.MethodsA descriptive-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the study area using pretested, structured, and self-administered questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the Knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents towards first aid management of foreign body aspiration and obstruction.ResultsA total of 423 parents were involved in the study. Only 218 (51.5%) of them were knowledgeable. Most of the respondents (76.3%) had a positive attitude towards foreign body that foreign body aspiration needs immediate intervention, and 75 (17.7%) faced a child who aspirated foreign body. Of these, only 53 (70.7%) had provided first aid to the victim. Most of the respondents 40 (75.5%)had scored below 80% of practice towards foreign body aspiration and obstruction. Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis showed that parents who are literates were 3.6 times more knowledgeable than those illiterates. (AOR:3.612, 95% CI: 1.758, 7.420, P≤0.05).ConclusionsThe level of knowledge and skills for providing first aid for foreign body aspiration, and obstruction in children among parents are low. So education and increasing awareness among them to reduce morbidity and mortality in children suffering from aspiration and obstruction from foreign bodies has to be one of the strategies.
Tau Aggregation is Altered by Variations in its Projection Domain
Authors: Mason-Chalmers Kayleigh , Sachdeva Aanzan , Kolk Gabryelle , Touchon Justin C. , Donhauser Zachary J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe intrinsically disordered microtubule-associated protein tau is known for its aberrant aggregation into neurofibrillary tangles as found in neuropathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease. This study compares three N-terminal isoforms of R5L and of wild type tau to investigate how this mutation and the length of the projection domain affects aggregation behavior. The total amount of polymerization was analyzed using a thioflavin S assay where tau aggregation is induced using arachidonic acidin vitro. Tau polymers were also analyzed using atomic force microscopy imaging to compare tau filament lengths and morphologies. We observed that the R5L mutation has a greater impact on filament length in shorter N-terminal isoforms of tau, whereas in longer N-terminal isoforms the mutation impacts the total amount of tau aggregation. These observations suggest that the R5L mutation affects the kinetic nucleation-elongation pathway of tau fibrillization, where the mutant impacts nucleation in 2N and 1N isoforms, but has a more significant impact on elongation in the 0N isoform.
THE BRAIN-MESH MODEL: A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK FOR NEURAL SYNCHRONY, PLASTICITY, AND COHERENCE
Authors: Ballús Andreu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe brain-mesh model introduces a novel three-layered architecture that integrates local and macro-regional connectivity with an underlying, mesh-inspired network layer. This foundational mesh layer, based on metallic mesh structures, spans the entire brain and generates interference patterns, noise, and resonance effects that modulate both local and global neural dynamics. The fused model goes beyond traditional connectivity frameworks by providing a unified explanation for phenomena such as brain-wide phase gradients, stable low-frequency resonance frequencies, and long-range plasticity effects, which are often difficult to explain cohesively within existing models.In addition to accounting for classical neurobiological observations—such as phase synchrony, functional connectivity fluctuations, and local Hebbian plasticity—the fused model offers novel insights into less understood phenomena. Specifically, it predicts connectivity-independent phase gradients across non-synaptic regions, harmonic resonance peaks consistent across individuals, and diffuse plasticity driven by global interference patterns, all of which are challenging to explain under current frameworks.These unique predictions align with partial empirical observations, such as traveling wave dynamics, consistent low-frequency oscillations, and task-induced connectivity shifts, underscoring the model’s relevance. Additionally, the brain-mesh model generates testable hypotheses that distinguish it from traditional approaches, providing a promising framework for future experimental validation and opening new avenues for understanding global brain function.
The tetrapod fauna of the upper Permian Naobaogou Formation of China: a new mid-sized pareiasaurYinshanosaurus angustusgen. et sp. nov. and its implication for the phylogenetic relationship of pareiasaurs
Authors: Yi Jian , Liu Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPareiasauria is a specialized clade of herbivorous tetrapods that existed throughout Pangaea during the mid to late Permian period. The phylogenetic relationships of Chinese pareiasaur species remain controversy for several decades, primarily due to the poor preservation of known specimens. Until the report ofShihtienfenia completusin 2019, no complete skull had been documented for Chinese pareiasaurs. The present study describes a mid-sized pareiasaur,Yinshanosaurus angustusgen. et sp. nov., based on a nearly complete skull and an articulated partial postcranial skeleton collected from the Naobaogou Formation in 2018. It presents several significant new morphological features such as high and narrow skull, with the length of the skull table exceeding the width between the two quadratojugals; snout dimension as high as wide; long frontal with a length-to-width ratio of ∼3.0; U-shaped paraoccipital process in occipital view; and maxillary teeth oriented vertically, with only 7-9 cusps. Although the phylogenetic framework of pareiasaurs still requires further refinement, the current analysis yields distinct phylogenetic positions for Chinese pareiasaurs and establishes a new monophyletic clade that includesS.completusandY.angustus.
Probiotic Stirred Yogurt -Mediated the Prevention of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Rats
Authors: Sallam Mohamed S. , Ayad Eman H. , Darwish Saeid M. , Gomaa Mohamed A. , Allam Marwa G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMetabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver diseases and it is greatly influenced by an unhealthy and sedentary lifestyle. Studies have encouraged the use of probiotics as promising and safe therapeutic approach. This research examined the probiotic potential of eleven bacterial strains, withLactococcus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, andBifidobacterium lactisbeing selected for yogurt production, either as single strain or in combination. The probiotic-rich yogurt samples were then tested for their ability to prevent the development of MASLD invivousing a rat model fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Key biomarkers such as cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), glucose, insulin, alanine transaminase (ALT), and albumin levels were measured. Besides, liver histology and the microbial analysis of the small intestine were examined. The sensory revealed that yogurt containing the probiotic mixture (T5) had improved taste and flavor. The probiotic mixing revealed a potentiated effect in preventing MASLD. T5 significantly lowered cholesterol (85.1 mg/dl), triglycerides (122.3 mg/dl), LDL (25.8 mg/dl), glucose (28.6 mg/dl), insulin (0.84 μIU/ml), and ALT (36.9 U/L) levels in the rats to close values as in the control. Additionally, the treated rats showed restored albumin and HDL levels compared to those treated with yogurt containing a single probiotic strain. The ameliorating effects of T5 were also evident in the liver histology, with normal hepatocytes and minimal fat deposits. Furthermore, the probiotic mixture in T5 improved the liver-gut axis by reducing the coliform andstaphylococcuscount in the small intestine. Consequently, the probiotic mixture could be a promising therapeutic agent for MASLD and the ultimate goal of this project is to develop a functional food product that can provide an alternative cost-effective approach for the management of MASLD in Egyptian population.
Priming Epigenetic Landscape at Gene Promoters through Transcriptional Activation in Mammalian Germ Cells
Authors: Li Peilin , Fujisawa Tatsuya , Narita Haruka , Uneme Yuta , Seki Masahide , Hu Mengwen , Narumi Ryohei , Namekawa Satoshi H. , Khan Shehroz S. , Davie James R. , Suzuki Yutaka , Adachi Jun , Ashraf Ahmed , Inoue Azusa , Siomi Mikiko C. , Yamanaka Soichiro 
Published: November 2024

SummaryIn mammalian germ cells, a cycle of erasing and resetting epigenetic information is crucial for sex-specific gametogenesis and early embryogenesis. Specific chromatin states at promoters allow genes to be expressed at the appropriate time during germ cell development, however, the mechanism that establishes such characteristic chromatin states remains unclear. Here, we show that, in mouse male embryonic germ cells, promoters of developmental and housekeeping genes are selectively protected fromde novoDNA methylation, coinciding with their transient upregulation and genome-wide erasure of H3K27me3. Importantly, a specific level of H3K4me3 density at the promoters serves as a potent probe that distinguishes between hypo- and hyper-DNA methylation states. Subsequent restoration of H3K27me3 contributes to establishing bivalent chromatin states that prime genes for activation at later developmental stages. These findings reveal a molecular framework shaping the epigenetic landscape at promoters with long-term effects beyond germ cell development.
Bacterial colony biopsies: spatial discrimination of heterogeneous cell types by cytometric fingerprinting
Authors: Abbaszade Gorkhmaz , Stückrath Kathrin , Müller Susann 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTColonies of pure bacterial strains are highly dense cell structures that are organized in distinct and typical arrangements. The size, shape and variability of bacterial colonies are strongly dependent on the species and also influenced by environmental conditions. However, the spatial organization of individual cells is unknown for most strains. How specific heterogeneous cell types at different locations in a colony contribute to the overall structure and how they may influence the overall function of a colony is largely unknown. The study aims to investigate the local diversification of bacterial colony structures by introducing a local biopsy technique.The biopsied cells were analyzed by microbial flow cytometry and cytometric fingerprinting, which diversified the biopsied samples into many heterogeneous cell states. This two-stage resolution insight into colony structure was performed on five bacterial strains:Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Kocuria rhizophila, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, andPseudomonas citronellolis. The effects of biopsy tool size (27G needle and 10 µL, 200 µL, 1000 µL pipette tips) and sampling location on the precision of the technique were tested by using both gates setting along Gaussian distributions of subpopulations and a grid gating tool as well as the t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) method.The biopsy technique uncovered significant heterogeneity among the cells within bacterial colonies, identifying differences in cell cycle stages, the proportion of living and dead cells, and the abundance of spore types. Cells from different biopsy sites displayed distinct physiological states, revealing that colony structure is far more complex than previously understood. The technique’s precision depends on the biopsy tool size, dye equilibration, and cell handling, underscoring the importance of method calibration. The biopsy method, combined with cytometric fingerprinting, provided insights within only 15 to 45 minutes and is universally applicable.The study provides a high-resolution biopsy technique that explores the spatial distribution of cell types and their heterogeneous physiological cell states, allowing conclusions to be drawn from biopsy composition at different locations to overarching functions of the entire bacterial colony. This method also facilitates downstream analysis through further cell sorting, offering a powerful approach for future functional investigations.
Structural ubiquitin contributes to K48 linkage-specificity of the HECT ligase Tom1
Authors: Warner Katrina , Hunkeler Moritz , Baek Kheewoong , Schmoker Anna , Roy Burman Shourya S. , Overwijn Daan , Jin Cyrus , Donovan Katherine A. , Fischer Eric S. 
Published: November 2024

SummaryHomologous to E6AP C-Terminus (HECT) ubiquitin ligases play key roles in essential pathways such as DNA repair, cell cycle control or protein quality control. Tom1 is one of five HECT ubiquitin E3 ligases encoded in theS. cerevisiaegenome and prototypical for a ligase with pleiotropic functions such as ubiquitin chain amplification, orphan quality control and DNA damage response. Structures of full-length HECT ligases, including the Tom1 ortholog HUWE1, have been reported, but how domains beyond the conserved catalytic module contribute to catalysis remains largely elusive. Here, through cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of Tom1 during an active ubiquitylation cycle, we demonstrate that the extended domain architecture directly contributes to activity. We identify a Tom1–ubiquitin architecture during ubiquitylation involving a non-canonical ubiquitin binding site in the solenoid shape of Tom1. We demonstrate that this ubiquitin binding site coordinates a structural ubiquitin contributing to the fidelity of K48 poly-ubiquitin chain assembly.
Inhibition of the splitting of the chiral and deconfinement transition due to rotation in QCD: The phase diagram of the linear sigma model coupled to Polyakov loops
Authors: Singha Pracheta , Ambruş Victor E. , Chernodub Maxim N. 
Published: November 2024

We discuss the effect of rigid rotation on the critical temperatures of deconfinement and chiral transitions in the linear sigma model coupled to quarks and the Polyakov loop. We point out the essential role of the causality condition, which requires that any point of the system should rotate slower than the velocity of light. We show that imposing this physical requirement leads to inhibition of the splitting between the chiral and confining transitions, which becomes negligibly small (ΔT∼1  MeV or less) for experimentally relevant, slow angular velocities Ω∼10  MeV of a (5–10) fm-sized systems. Moreover, the boundedness of the system has a much bigger effect on temperature splitting than the rotation itself: the splitting reaches 10 MeV in a small, one-fermi-sized nonrotating system. The temperature splitting may, however, become enhanced in an academic limit of ultrarelativistic regimes when the boundary of the system rotates at near-to-light velocities.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Exploring dynamic duality between formal and non-formal accountability processes in a public services context
Authors: Cooper Stuart , Grubnic Suzana 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the dynamic relationship between formal and non-formal processes of accountability in a public services context.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a case study of the impact of the Health and Social Care Act (2012) on the practices of Health and Wellbeing Board (HWB) members. It draws upon multiple data sources, including in-depth interviews with the members, comprehensive archival data published by the HWB (2011–2019), and observations of HWB public meetings. We utilise the concept of dynamic duality (Li, 2008) to further theorise the relationship between formal and non-formal processes of accountability and how they mutually transform one another.FindingsThe case illustrates the role of formal and non-formal processes of accountability at a HWB in England. Moreover, the case study reveals the relationship and interaction between the formal and non-formal accountability processes and how they change and transform each other over time. We find that whilst non-formal accountability processes were strengthened by a historical legacy of partnership working, over time the dynamics at play led to the development of formal accountability processes through more sophisticated performance systems, which in turn transformed non-formal accountability processes.Originality/valueThe paper presents a more holistic conceptualisation than articulated in prior accountability literature, dynamic duality, on the relationship between formal and non-formal accountability processes. Through application of this conceptualisation to a HWB in England, the paper spotlights the inter-relationship between formal and non-formal processes of accountability, and how they have the potential to transform each over an extended time-period.
Optimizing policy mixes for promoting prefabricated construction in developing countries: an fsQCA approach
Authors: Dou Yudan , Hou Wenjuan , Yan Xueya , Jin Xin , Li Pan 
Published: November 2024

PurposePrefabricated construction (PC) is increasingly recognized for its sustainability and is being vigorously promoted worldwide. However, its adoption in developing countries remains suboptimal, with existing studies predominantly focusing on policy frameworks or the impact of a single policy instrument. This study addresses this research gap by optimizing the path of PC promotion from the perspective of policy mixes.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) in conjunction with necessary condition analysis, to explore effective policy configurations for PC promotion. A comprehensive collection of 171 PC-related policies issued by the Chinese government was analyzed using text mining to identify antecedent conditions of configuration. Data were further obtained through a questionnaire survey involving 263 valid responses, with fsQCA used to derive the optimal policy configurations.FindingsThe analysis identified six distinct combination paths for effective policy configurations. Land supply and governmental procurement were found to be core conditions, while fiscal and taxation financial measures emerged as marginal conditions prevalent across all paths. These findings suggest that land supply policies are particularly suitable for regions with limited land resources, such as Shanghai, while government procurement is more effective in regions like Xinjiang, where PC awareness is still developing.Practical implicationsIn practice, the conclusions enable policymakers to clearly understand policy instruments, thereby finding differentiated pathways for promoting PC with comparable effects. The proposed recommendations help advance PC development effectively while reducing financial burden and minimizing resource waste. This provides important guidance for PC development across different regions or stages, helps address regional imbalances in PC development, and ultimately contributes to the broader goal of sustainable urban development.Originality/valueThis study significantly enriches the research on PC policy combinations by utilizing more comprehensive and robust data, thereby enhancing the universal applicability of the findings. The results provide valuable references for policymakers in different regions, helping to address regional imbalances in PC development and facilitating the construction industry’s transition towards greater intelligence and sustainability.
Comparison of four occupational health risk assessment methodologies in the application of noise hazards in PC component manufacturing
Authors: Zou Ping , Dong Zhiyu , Qin Ruize , Yao Xin , Cui Peng 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis paper discusses the applicability of different occupational health risk assessment (OHRA) methods in assessing noise hazards during the production phase of assembled precast concrete (PC) components and makes targeted recommendations based on the assessment results from multiple perspectives to reduce noise hazards in this phase.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the noise levels of various plant operations are measured on-site and the actual working conditions of plant workers are investigated. Then, four distinct occupational health risk assessment (HRA) models are used to estimate the risk of noise hazards during the production of PC components. Finally, the results obtained from the various models are analyzed and discussed, and then the most appropriate method for assessing noise hazards at this stage is chosen accordingly.FindingsThe noise exposure levels of workers in the four processes of steel processing, concrete mixing, concrete vibrating and mold removal exceeded occupational exposure limits. Similarly, the risk associated with these four processes is relatively elevated. For risk assessment (RA) of noise hazards in the production phase of assembled PC components, both the Australian RA model and the occupational hazard risk index method can be used, with the latter being more applicable.Originality/valueThe assessment results acquired in this paper can serve as a reference for the government and other relevant agencies when determining inspection priorities. In addition, the measures and recommendations outlined in this paper serve as a guide for businesses and government agencies to strengthen the noise management in the production stage of PC components, thereby reducing the noise hazards in the production stage of assembled PC components.