bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Cloning and Phenotypic Analysis of Drug-resistance Mutants with Relevant S-region Variants of HBV for a Patient during 189-month Anti-HBV Treatment
Authors: Liu Yan , Wu Chunchen , Chen Rongjuan , Li Xiaodong , Xu Zhihui , Li Qi , Li Le , Wang Fu-Sheng , Yang Dongliang , Lu Mengji , Xu Dongping 
Published: March 2019

Background A unique chronic hepatitis B patient was followed over 189 months of nucleoside/nucleotide analogue (NA) therapies with the analysis of multiple drug-resistance HBV mutants. Methods Clonal sequencing (≥20 clones/sample) was performed on sera sampled at 41 time points, and the phenotypic features of eight representative mutants were analysed. Results Lamivudine (LAM)-, adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)-, entecavir (ETV)- and repeat ADV-resistance mutants emerged upon individual sequential NA monotherapy. The efficacy of NA combination rescue therapies ranked as LAM+ADV < ETV+ADV < ETV+ tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Specifically, LAM+ADV and ETV+ADV suppressed viral loads to <100 IU/ml for a long period of time, either with or without late stage HBV DNA fluctuations. Furthermore, ETV+TDF suppressed the viral load to <10 IU/ml. During the LAM+ADV and ETV+ADV combination therapies, ETV-resistance mutants dominated at most time points, and multidrug-resistance (MDR) mutants that harboured LAM-, ETV- and ADV-resistance mutations were intermittently detected. Interestingly, the rtA181T-causative sW172stop to sW172non-stop mutation transition was observed at HBV DNA fluctuations. In a phenotypic analysis, two MDR strains had cross-resistance to LAM, ETV and ADV, and a lower susceptibility to TDF (<10-fold decrease compared with the wild-type strain). In contrast, the natural replication capacity was inversely associated with the number of primary resistant mutations which would limit MDR mutant development. Conclusions Taken together, viral drug susceptibility, replication capacity, and perhaps immunological adaptation may play coordinated roles in the fitness of drug-resistance mutants. ETV+TDF therapy is the preferred option for treating chronic hepatitis B patients with multiple drug failure.
SEGMENTATION OF LIVER TUMOR USING FAST GREEDY SNAKE ALGORITHM
Authors: Rajalakshmi T. , Snekhalatha U. , Baby Jisha 
Published: March 2019

Back Ground: Liver tumors are a type of growth found in the liver which can be categorized as malignant or benign. It is also called as hepatic tumors. Early stage detection of tumor could be treated at a faster phase; if it is left undiagnosed it may lead to several complications. Traditional method adopted for diagnosis can be time consuming, error-prone and also requires an experts study. Hence a non invasive diagnostic method is required which overcomes the flaws of conventional method. Liver segmentation from CT images in post processing techniques not only is an essential prerequisite, but, by playing an important role in confirming liver function, pathological, and anatomical studies, is also a key technique for diagnosis of liver disease. Hence in the proposed study Fast greedy snakes algorithm in abdominal CT images were used for segmenting tumor portion. Aim & Objectives: The aim and objectives of study is: (i) to segment tumor region in the liver image using Fast Greedy Snakes Algorithm (FGSA); (ii) to extract the GLCM features from the segmented region; (iii) to classify the normal and abnormal liver image using neural network classifier. Methodology: The study involved a total of 30 normal and 30 abnormal Images from database. In the proposed study automated segmentation was performed using Fast Greedy Snakes (FGS) Algorithm and the features were extracted using GLCM method. Classification of normal and abnormal images was carried out using Back propagation Neural Network classifier. Result: The proposed FGS algorithm provides accurate segmentation in liver images. Statistical features like mean, kurtosis, correlation and Entropy showed a higher value for the normal image than liver tumor image. On the other hand, features like Skewness, Homogeneity, contrast, Energy and standard deviation showed a comparatively higher value for a liver tumor image than the normal. Statistical features such as Mean, Contrast, Homogeneity and standard deviation are statistically significant at [Formula: see text]. Features like correlation, entropy and energy exhibits significance at [Formula: see text]. The feature extracted values provided significant difference between the normal and abnormal liver images. The neural network classifier yields the sensitivity of 95.8%, sensitivity of 81.4% and achieved the overall accuracy of 92%. Conclusion: A most accurate, reliable and fast automated method was implemented to segment the liver tumor image using Fast Greedy snakes algorithm. Hence the proposed algorithm resulted in effective segmentation and the classifier could classify the normal and abnormal images with greater accuracy.
<b>Efetividade da atenção primária segundo profissionais de saúde e o programa mais médicos / Effectiveness of primary care according to health professionals and the program more medical<b>
Authors: Carrer Andréia , Toso Beatriz Rosana Gonçalves de Oliveira 
Published: March 2019

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a efetividade da atenção primária, identificando as distinções entre os modelos de serviços com estratégia saúde da família em comparação a unidades básicas tradicionais, com e sem profissionais do programa mais médicos.Pesquisa quantitativa, avaliativa, realizada com 128 profissionais - médicos, enfermeiros e coordenadores de unidades de atenção primária, por meio do instrumento Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool – Brasil), versão profissionais de saúde, em 2015 e 2016eadotou análise estatística inferencial. Os resultados indicaram escores acima de 6,6 naquelas unidades que adotam a estratégia saúde da família e abaixo do ponto de corte nas unidades básicas de saúde tradicionais.Coordenação - sistemas de informações (5,8) e longitudinalidade (6,2) mostraram baixa efetividade dos serviços na unidade tradicional. O acesso obteve baixo escore (4,0), em ambos os modelos.A avaliação da APS nos distintos modelos de atenção revelou que as ações e serviços em saúde oferecidos no município foram mais efetivos quando executados em unidades de ESF, em comparação a UBS tradicional, independentemente da presença de profissionais do programa mais médicos.
<b>Violência contra idosos: preditores e distribuição espacial / Violence against theelderly people: predictors and space distribution<b>
Authors: Arruda Lacerda Soares Lara , Aparecida Dias Flavia , Fiori Marchiori Gianna , Cândida Gomes Nayara , Anibal Corradini Fabrício , Mara dos Santos Tavares Darlene 
Published: March 2019

Objetivos:verificar a prevalência de violência em idosos nos últimos 12 meses; descrever as características sociodemográficas e econômicas dos idosos segundo o tipo de violência sofrida; verificar os fatores associados à violência e identificar os clusters de violência contra idosos no município de Uberaba, Minas Gerais.Métodos:Trata-se de um estudo transversal e quantitativo realizado com 581 idosos da comunidade de Uberaba, Minas Gerais.Procederam-se as análises estatísticas:descritiva e regressão logística múltipla (p≤0,05). Resultados:A violência física e/ou psicológica e a psicológica obtiveram maiores percentuais entre aqueles com 1├5 anos de estudo e que residiam com filhos. A menor idade associou-se à violência física e/ou psicológica. Os maiores aglomerados foram na região sudeste do município. Conclusão: Os idosos mais novos sofrem mais episódios de violência física e/ou psicológica, assim como aqueles com menor escolaridade, que residem com os filhos e na região sudeste do município.
HIV-associated cavernous sinus disease
Authors: Wells Cait-lynn D. , Moodley Anand A. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: The underlying diagnosis of cavernous sinus disease is difficult to confirm in HIV-coinfected patients owing to the lack of histological confirmation. In this retrospective case series, we highlight the challenges in confirming the diagnosis and managing these patients.Results: The clinical, laboratory and radiological data of 23 HIV-infected patients with cavernous sinus disease were analysed. The mean age of patients was 38 years. The mean CD4+ count was 390 cells/μL. Clinically, patients presented with unilateral disease (65%), headache (48%), diplopia (30%) and blurred vision (30%). Third (65%) and sixth (57%) nerve palsies in isolation and combination (39%) were most common. Isolated fourth nerve palsy did not occur. Tuberculosis (17%) was the most commonly identified disorder followed by high-grade B-cell lymphoma (13%), meningioma (13%), metastatic carcinoma (13%) and neurosyphilis (7%). In 22% of the patients, there was no confirmatory evidence for a diagnosis. The patients were either treated empirically for tuberculosis or improved spontaneously when antiretroviral therapy was started. Cerebrospinal fluid was helpful in 4/13 (31%) of patients where it was not contraindicated. Only 3/23 (13%) of the patients had a biopsy of the cavernous sinus mass. The outcomes varied, and follow-up was lacking in the majority of patients.Conclusion: In HIV-infected patients, histological confirmation of cavernous sinus pathology is not readily available for various reasons. In resource-limited settings, one should first actively search for extracranial evidence of tuberculosis, lymphoma, syphilis and primary malignancy and manage appropriately. Only if such evidence is lacking should a referral for biopsy be considered.
L'argot de la guerre de Sarajevo, un exemple du rapport de la langue, de son lexique au vécu
Authors: Sokolija Alma 
Published: March 2019

Vingt ans après la guerre, la vie s’articule plus ou moins à Sarajevo. Les souvenirs restent, explicites ou tus. La vision de cette guerre, vécue dans l’encerclement multiple, a changé un peu. A-t-elle évolué? Il est difficile de le dire. La mémoire collective perçoit et interprète toujours certains faits comme guerriers (à tort ou à raison), certains d’autres comme des traîtrises car les plaies sont encore fraîches et ouvertes. Les mots d’argot bosniens, utilisés dans cette guerre, possèdent leurs euphémismes, leurs tabous, leurs évitements, leurs universaux, mais ils sont aussi différents des argots de guerre dans d’autres langues parce qu’un siège de trois ans n’est pas la même chose que la guerre des tranchés. Dans cette dernière guerre en Bosnie, les « autres » étaient multiples - les ennemis autant que les traîtres. Il s’agit d’une situation « argotisante » par excellence. Nous essayons de l’éclairer à travers une analyse historique du terrain. Celle-ci est nécessaire pour une analyse sémantique des lexèmes argotiques créés pendant cette guerre.
Le vocabulaire militaire dans le corpus français-slovène FraSloK
Authors: Mezeg Adriana 
Published: March 2019

Le présent article se propose d’étudier l’usage du vocabulaire militaire dans le corpus parallèle français-slovène FraSloK, qui contient des textes publiés entre 1995 et 2009. Partant de la fréquence d’occurrences du mot guerre(s) dans les textes français sources, le sous-corpus journalistique composé de 300 articles du Monde diplomatique et 3 romans du sous-corpus littéraire se sont avérés intéressants pour notre recherche. À la base des listes de tous les mots utilisés, nous avons manuellement extrait les noms du domaine militaire (3735 occurrences pour 289 mots différents). Appuyée sur des dictionnaires monolingues français et slovènes, la classification par niveaux de langue témoigne de la prédominance de la langue standard en français bien que certains mots soient très spécialisés ; il est intéressant de noter que dans le principal dictionnaire slovène, plusieurs traductions (équivalents slovènes de tels mots français) portent un indicateur du registre de langue non standard (militaire, jargon, jargon militaire, etc.). En outre, les textes de notre corpus contiennent un certain nombre de mots d’origine étrangère ou bien d’emprunts, tandis que ceux d’autres registres de langue (ancien, courant, familier, moderne, politique, vieux) ne sont que sporadiques. Les mots portant l’indicateur militaire ou argot sont quasi inexistants. Notre article révèle de quelles guerres parlent les textes français du FraSloK, expose le lexique utilisé regroupé dans cinq catégories de variétés du français et identifie les stratégies de traduction vers le slovène employées.
Future projections of temperature and mixing regime of European temperate lakes
Authors: Shatwell Tom , Thiery Wim , Kirillin Georgiy 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The physical response of lakes to climate warming is regionally
variable and highly dependent on individual lake characteristics, making
generalizations about their development difficult. To qualify the role of
individual lake characteristics in their response to regionally homogeneous
warming, we simulated temperature, ice cover, and mixing in four intensively
studied German lakes of varying morphology and mixing regime with a
one-dimensional lake model. We forced the model with an ensemble of 12
climate projections (RCP4.5) up to 2100. The lakes were projected to warm at
0.10–0.11 ∘C decade−1, which is 75 %–90 % of the
projected air temperature trend. In simulations, surface temperatures
increased strongly in winter and spring, but little or not at all in summer
and autumn. Mean bottom temperatures were projected to increase in all lakes,
with steeper trends in winter and in shallower lakes. Modelled ice thaw and
summer stratification advanced by 1.5–2.2 and 1.4–1.8 days decade−1 respectively, whereas
autumn turnover and winter freeze timing was less sensitive. The projected
summer mixed-layer depth was unaffected by warming but sensitive to changes
in water transparency. By mid-century, the frequency of ice and
stratification-free winters was projected to increase by about 20 %,
making ice cover rare and shifting the two deeper dimictic lakes to a
predominantly monomictic regime. The polymictic lake was unlikely to become
dimictic by the end of the century. A sensitivity analysis predicted that
decreasing transparency would dampen the effect of warming on mean
temperature but amplify its effect on stratification. However, this
interaction was only predicted to occur in clear lakes, and not in the study
lakes at their historical transparency. Not only lake morphology, but also
mixing regime determines how heat is stored and ultimately how lakes respond
to climate warming. Seasonal differences in climate warming rates are thus
important and require more attention.
What’s wrong with being a rhotic?
Authors: Chabot Alex 
Published: March 2019

The class of rhotics is subject to extensive variation, and a reliable phonetic correlate has not been found. This variation is also why identifying a segment as a rhotic in an unknown language is not a trivial matter. In contrast to other phonological classes whose membership is attributed based on principled criteria, the set of rhotics is arbitrary. This article identifies two properties independent of phonetics which characterize rhotics cross-linguistically PROCEDURAL STABILITY—rhotics that are implicated in phonological processes can vary in a phonetically arbitrary manner without perturbing the process itself—and DIACHRONIC STABILITY: the phonetics of rhotics can vary in diachronic evolution without impact on their phonotactics. On the empirical side the article establishes a cross-linguistic survey of the phonetic variability of rhotics. It is also argued that the phonetic realization of a rhotic may be unpredictable and divorced from its phonological identity and this shows that languages are happy to instantiate an arbitrary phonetics-phonology relationship. Finally, it is argued that rhotics show that the interface which maps phonological objects to their phonetic instantiations is capable of handling an arbitrary relationship. Further, there is no reason to assume that this property of the interface is specific to rhotics; in principle, all phonetic and phonological categories could enter into an arbitrary relationship. This has important implications for theories which seek to impose phonetic or naturalness based constraints on phonology: it is difficult to see how the relationship between a phonetic object which has no obvious articulatory connection to its phonological representation could be considered phonetically natural. Rhotics thus provide support for the view of substance-free phonology whereby phonological objects are devoid of any reference to phonetic categories.
Transtornos do processamento sensorial no autismo: algumas considerações
Authors: Souza Renata Ferreira de , Nunes Débora Regina de Paula 
Published: March 2019

A integração sensorial é um processo neurológico de organização das sensações corporais e do ambiente externo com vistas a emissão de respostas adaptativas pelo sujeito. A literatura científica tem, nos últimos anos, registrado um expressivo aumento no número de estudos que associam a sintomatologia do Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) a falhas no processamento e integração de estímulos sensoriais. O objetivo do presente artigo é descrever os sintomas do TEA à luz da Teoria de Integração Sensorial proposta por Ayres. Para tanto, serão identificados, com base em pesquisas empíricas, as especificidades dos transtornos do processamento sensorial, evidenciados no TEA e a sua concepção na perspectiva da referida teoria
Il PDTA-HIV nella gestione del paziente cronicizzato: una proposta di documento condiviso
Authors: Iardino Rosaria , Battistella Alessandro 
Published: March 2019

[Clinical / care pathways in the management of the chronically ill patient with HIV: proposal for a shared document]Abstract non presente. Si riporta l'inizio dell'editoriale La malattia HIV/AIDS ha visto nell’ultimo periodo un radicale cambiamento nelle prospettive di vita delle persone HIV+ e con esso il delinearsi di uno scenario del tutto differente rispetto alle loro esigenze ed aspettative...
The relationship between pigmentations of pupae and insecticide resistance of adults of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)
Authors: Chen Yu-Peng , Wang Gu-Qian , Yu Ting , Peng Xiao-Yan , Li Tao , Gao Zhou , Bai Xue , Zheng Chun-Yan , Liang Guang-Wen , Lu Yong-Yue 
Published: March 2019

The oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a worldwide pest leading to crop production. The management of B. dorsalis is becoming more and more difficult because of the emerging insecticide resistance. Searching for new and effective methods in managing this pest has become an urgent task. Here, we explored the relationship between pigmentation and insecticide resistance through conducting studies on 5 strains of B. dorsalis (CK, CZ, CB, LC and LX) with various traits of pigmentation and insecticide resistance. Strain CK was a wild strain with brown pupae coloration while strain CZ was a beta-cypermethrin-resistant strain with pupae coloration was brown. Strain CB was a pigmentation mutation strain with white pupae coloration. Strain LC was the female of pigmentation sex genetic strain whose pupae coloration was white. Strain LX was the male of pigmentation sex genetic strain whose pupae coloration was brown. Efficacy tests were employed to evaluate the resistance performance of the 5 trains, transcriptome sequencing and gene quantifications were used to explore the potential genes in both pigmentation and detoxification pathway. The brief of results were as follow:
Results of efficacy tests of the 5 strains with beta-cypermethrin, abamectin and trichlorfon respectively showed that resistances to these three insecticide of strains LX and LC were very low. The corrective mortalities of strains LX and LC in 128 ug/ml of abamectin were 49.48±3.01%, 59.06±1.89% respectively while that of strain CK was 11.80%±1.37. The corrective mortality of strain CZ were lowest in all concentrations level of all test reagent. The resistance of strain CK was similar to CB. Transcriptomic analysis showed that 24 genes and 165 genes were associated with pigmentation and detoxification. Gene expression pattern of strain CK was similar to strain CB while these two strains were different to strains LC and LX, and the gene expression pattern of strain CZ was more similar to strains LC and LX. Results of gene quantifications in B. dorsalis pupae showed that the relative expressions of yellow gene MK529913, DDC gene MK515141, laccase2 gene MK515143 and PO gene MK515140 in brown pupae (CK, CZ, LX) were significantly higher than those in white pupae (CB, LC) while the relative expressions of AANAT gene MK515144 in white pupae were significantly higher than those in yellow pupae. In summary, analyses of gene quantifications and efficacy tests indicated that high expressions of P450 gene, AANAT gene might contribute to resistances of adults of B. dorsalis to beta-cypermethrin and a bamectin; high expression of yellow gene might contribute to resistances of adults which emergenced from brown pupae to beta-cypermethrin and abamectin; high expressions of yellow genes, laccase2 gene, PO gene and DDC gene might contribute to the resistance of B. dorsalis to trichlorfon.
Bacteriological Load in Traditional Food Packaging Paper
Authors: Rana Md. Sohel , Mahmud Shohel , Hossain Md. Arif , Rana Masud , Kabir Enamul , Das Ashish Kumar , Roy Rajib Kanti 
Published: March 2019

Aims: To determine bacteriological load of rejected papers used as food packaging materials and assess their prevalence of use by food vendors.
Methods and Results: Food vendors (n=116) were selected purposively from various street food, fast food, small and large dining stalls or hotels located at Jashore, Bangladesh. Paper samples randomly collected from these vendors were later categorized into 5 different types as food wrapping, plate covering, tray spreading paper and hand cleaning. Then, 7 paper samples from these each 5 types were randomly sampled for microbial analysis. Swabbing and defibering methods for bacterial analysis and SPSS for statistical analysis were employed. The number of bacteria by the defibering method was in the range of (1.9×108-7.5×108) Cfu/g. Sample papers tested by swabbing method contained between minimum 1.2×108 and maximum 9.2×108Cfu/cm2. Under swabbing method, the minimum average bacterial count was 2.8×108 Cfu/cm2 in food serving paper samples and maximum 4.7×108 Cfu/cm2 in wrapping paper samples. By defibering method, maximum average of bacterial load was found in tray spreading paper samples as 5.3×108Cfu/g and minimum average was in plate covering paper as 4.4x108Cfu/g. Types of paper samples were not significantly different when compared with each other against their mean bacterial concentration found by swabbing method (F=0.961, p=0.443) as well as defibering method (F=2.227, p=0.09).The mean quantity of paper use per vendor surveyed was as much as 1.26 kg a day. Anticipatedly, quantity extent of paper use (kg/day) based on the types of food shops showed a significant difference (F=3.9, p=0.01), as understandably, paper use among different shops was apparently highly variable.
Conclusions: The paper samples used for food wrapping and packaging showed high bacterial contamination more than standard acceptance level. There is an urgent need to discourage the use of these papers as food packaging material by creating awareness among food vendors and consumers regarding its harmful effects.