bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child participation in sports is influenced by patterns of lifestyle‐related behaviors
Authors: Rodrigues Daniela , Padez Cristina , Machado‐Rodrigues Aristides M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify patterns of child and family characteristics and behaviors, and to determine the association of those patterns with child participation in sports.MethodsA questionnaire and anthropometric measures were used to collect data on 834 parents and their 6‐ to 10‐year‐old children. A principal component analysis identified child and parental patterns, which were tested for association with child participation in extracurricular sports (ES).ResultsSeven patterns were identified: (1) socio‐economic, (2) child obesity, (3) parental TV viewing, (4) father's physical activity (PA), (5) mother's PA, (6) child screen time, and (7) parental reported barriers. After adjustment, patterns 1 and 7 (P < .001), pattern 2 (P = .01), and patterns 5 and 6 (P = .04) were significantly associated with the number of sports practiced by children while, patterns 1 and 7 (P < .001), pattern 2 (P = .03), and patterns 4 and 5 (P = .01) were significantly associated with frequency of participation in ES.ConclusionFuture interventions to promote children's participation in sports should be based on a socio‐ecological model and targeted to high‐risk populations showing multiple risks such as a lower socio‐economic status, inactive parents, or obese children.
Body adiposity from childhood to adolescence in boys: Interaction with somatic maturity
Authors: Werneck André O. , Silva Danilo R. , Bueno Maria R.O. , Fernandes Rômulo A. , Ronque Enio R.V. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the longitudinal relationship between adiposity and maturity status throughout the transition between childhood and adolescence in boys, and the moderation effect of maturation on adiposity trajectories.MethodsThis was a longitudinal study conducted with 197 boys who were followed over 3 years (from childhood to adolescence). Body adiposity was estimated through the subcutaneous skinfold method, with measures of triceps and subscapular skinfolds. Skinfolds were analyzed singly and aggregated through the sum of skinfolds. Maturity status was estimated through Moore's method of estimated peak of height velocity, which uses an algorithm with stature and chronological age values and was categorized according to mean and SD. Analysis of covariance was used to test moderation effects. All analyses were conducted in STATA 14.0, at a 0.05 level of significance.ResultsEarly maturing adolescents presented higher values of body adiposity at all moments when compared with on‐time and late maturing adolescents (P < .05). Moreover, maturity status moderated the association between sum of skinfolds at childhood and sum of skinfolds at adolescence (F = 2.49; P = .045).ConclusionSomatic maturation moderates the relationship between adiposity in childhood and adolescence, with earlier maturation associated with a greater increase in adiposity. Future tracking studies should consider the effects of maturity status when analyzing body adiposity.
The influences of genes, the environment, and social factors on the evolution of skin color diversity in India
Authors: Iliescu Florin Mircea , Chaplin George , Rai Niraj , Jacobs Guy S. , Basu Mallick Chandana , Mishra Anshuman , Thangaraj Kumarasamy , Jablonski Nina G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesSkin color is a highly visible and variable trait across human populations. It is not yet clear how evolutionary forces interact to generate phenotypic diversity. Here, we sought to unravel through an integrative framework the role played by three factors—demography and migration, sexual selection, and natural selection—in driving skin color diversity in India.MethodsSkin reflectance data were collected from 10 diverse socio‐cultural populations along the latitudinal expanse of India, including both sexes. We first looked at how skin color varies within and between these populations. Second, we compared patterns of sexual dimorphism in skin color. Third, we studied the influence of ultraviolet radiation on skin color throughout India. Finally, we attempted to disentangle the interactions between these factors in the context of available genetic data.ResultsWe found that the relative importance of these forces varied between populations. Social factors and population structure have played a stronger role than natural selection in shaping skin color diversity across India. Phenotypic overprinting resulted from additional genetic mutations overriding the skin lightening effect of variants such as theSLC24A5rs1426654‐A allele in some populations, in the context of the variable influence of sexual selection. Furthermore, specific genotypes are not associated reliably with specific skin color phenotypes. This result has relevance for DNA forensics and ancient DNA research.ConclusionsIndia is a crucible of macro‐ and micro‐evolutionary forces, and the complex interactions of physical and social forces are visible in the patterns of skin color seen today in the country.
Longitudinal associations of android and gynoid fat mass on cardiovascular disease risk factors in normal weight and overweight boys during puberty
Authors: Lätt E , Mäestu J , Jürimäe J 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this longitudinal study was to assess associations between android and gynoid fat distribution and different cardiovascular disease risk factors in normal weight as well as overweight/obese boys during the pubertal period.MethodsIn total, 146 boys (baseline age 11.9 ±0.6 years) were recruited for a 2‐year longitudinal study. Total body fat percentage and android–gynoid fat distribution were measured using DXA. In addition, waist and hip circumference was measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin and glucose were measured, and homeostatic model assessment‐insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) was calculated. Tanner stage and physical activity were assessed as covariates.ResultsOverweight subjects had worse values for most of the measured blood parameters (P <0.05). Higher android, gynoid fat mass (FM), and android/gynoid FM ratio were longitudinally associated with higher insulin and HOMA‐IR values in both normal weight and overweight boys (P <0.05). In addition, higher android FM and gynoid FM were associated with worse values in HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in overweight boys (P <0.05).ConclusionsOur results suggest that higher android as well as gynoid fat have a strong impact on cardiovascular disease risk factors in both normal weight and overweight boys during the pubertal period. It can be suggested that measurement of fat distribution as android and gynoid fat is important for the assessment of the development or burden of metabolic diseases in boys with different weight statuses.
Automated classification of osteomeatal complex inflammation on computed tomography using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Chowdhury Naweed I. , Smith Timothy L. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Turner Justin H. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundConvolutional neural networks (CNNs) are advanced artificial intelligence algorithms well suited to image classification tasks with variable features. These have been used to great effect in various real‐world applications including handwriting recognition, face detection, image search, and fraud prevention. We sought to retrain a robust CNN with coronal computed tomography (CT) images to classify osteomeatal complex (OMC) occlusion and assess the performance of this technology with rhinologic data.MethodsThe Google Inception‐V3 CNN trained with 1.28 million images was used as the base model. Preoperative coronal sections through the OMC were obtained from 239 patients enrolled in 2 prospective chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) outcomes studies, labeled according to OMC status, and mirrored to obtain a set of 956 images. Using this data, the classification layer of Inception‐V3 was retrained in Python using a transfer learning method to adapt the CNN to the task of interpreting sinonasal CT images.ResultsThe retrained neural network achieved 85% classification accuracy for OMC occlusion, with a 95% confidence interval for algorithm accuracy of 78% to 92%. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis on the test set confirmed good classification ability of the CNN with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.87, significantly different than both random guessing and a dominant classifier that predicts the most common class (p < 0.0001).ConclusionCurrent state‐of‐the‐art CNNs may be able to learn clinically relevant information from 2‐dimensional sinonasal CT images with minimal supervision. Future work will extend this approach to 3‐dimensional images in order to further refine this technology for possible clinical applications.
Fluorescence Probes for ALKBH2 Allow the Measurement of DNA Alkylation Repair and Drug Resistance Responses
Authors: Wilson David L. , Beharry Andrew A. , Srivastava Avinash , O'Connor Timothy R. , Kool Eric T. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe DNA repair enzyme ALKBH2 is implicated in both tumorigenesis as well as resistance to chemotherapy in certain cancers. It is currently under study as a potential diagnostic marker and has been proposed as a therapeutic target. To date, however, there exist no direct methods for measuring the repair activity of ALKBH2 in vitro or in biological samples. Herein, we report a highly specific, fluorogenic probe design based on an oligonucleotide scaffold that reports directly on ALKBH2 activity both in vitro and in cell lysates. Importantly, the probe enables the monitoring of cellular regulation of ALKBH2 activity in response to treatment with the chemotherapy drug temozolomide through a simple fluorescence assay, which has only previously been observed through indirect means such as qPCR and western blots. Furthermore, the probe provides a viable high‐throughput assay for drug discovery.
Hand selection in a preferential reaching task: The effects of object location, orientation, and task intention in preadolescent children
Authors: Scharoun Benson Sara M. , Forsyth Amanda , Bryden Pamela J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroduction and MethodsHand selection was assessed in preadolescent children (ages 9–11) within a preferential reaching task to delineate the effects of object location, orientation, and task intention on the assessment procedure and compared to data previously acquired from young adults.ResultsThe observed differences support the notion that children are still in a process of refining their movements in attempt to discern the most efficient and effective patterns of behavior. Notwithstanding differences in performance, similarities between preadolescents and young adults also emerged. Greater right‐hand selection in right space and when the handle was oriented to the right indicate that object proximity and orientation influence efficiency and thus constrain hand selection in unimanual object manipulation and role‐differentiated bimanual manipulation.ConclusionsTogether, findings add to our understanding of hand preference, unimanual and bimanual object manipulation.
Clinical and laboratory factors related to acute isolated vertigo or dizziness and cerebral infarction
Authors: Zuo Lian , Zhan Yiqiang , Liu Feifeng , Chen Chen , Xu Luran , Calic Zeljka , Cordato Dennis , Cappelen‐Smith Cecilia , Hu Yunfeng , Li Gang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo clarify the relationship of clinical factors with isolated vertigo or dizziness of cerebrovascular origin.MethodsClinical data of patients admitted in East Hospital from Jan. 2015 to Apr. 2016, whose complaint were acute vertigo or dizziness were retrospectively collected. All patients arrived at the emergency department within 24 hr of symptom onset, had no acute ischemic lesion first CT and NIHSS score of 0. Patients were divided into cerebral infarction group and noncerebral infarction group according to subsequent cerebral imaging results and clinical and laboratory factors related to cerebral infarction were analyzed.Result51.6% of patients were female (n = 141). 46 patients (16.8%) were diagnosed with acute cerebral infarction. Baseline demographic data of the two groups was not significantly different. Univariate analysis found that history of smoking (p = 0.009), headache (p = 0.028), unsteadiness (p = 0.009), neuron specific enolase (p = 0.001), and vertebral artery abnormalities found on imaging (p = 0.009) were the significant difference between two groups. Increased neuron specific enolase (p = 0.005) and an abnormal vertebral artery (p = 0.044) were significant on multivariate analysis.Conclusions16.8% of acute isolated vertigo or dizziness presentations were diagnosed with acute cerebral infarction. Increased serum neuron specific enolase and vertebral artery abnormalities were the strongest indicators of acute cerebral infarction.
Programmed environmental illumination during autologous stem cell transplantation hospitalization for the treatment of multiple myeloma reduces severity of depression: A preliminary randomized controlled trial
Authors: Valdimarsdottir Heiðdís B. , Figueiro Mariana G. , Holden William , Lutgendorf Susan , Wu Lisa M. , Ancoli‐Israel Sonia , Chen Jason , Hoffman‐Peterson Ariella , Granski Julia , Prescott Nina , Vega Alejandro , Stern Natalie , Winkel Gary , Redd William H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundOver a third of multiple myeloma (MM) patients report clinical levels of depression during autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) hospitalization. We report preliminary results from a randomized clinical trial investigating the effect of Programmed Environmental Illumination (PEI) of hospital rooms on depression.MethodsPatients (N = 187) scheduled to receive an ASCT were assessed for eligibility. Those who met study eligibility criteria (n = 44) were randomly assigned to one of two PEI conditions involving delivery of either circadian active bright white light (BWL) or circadian inactive dim white light (DWL) throughout the room from 7 to 10 am daily during hospitalization. Patients completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) prior to hospitalization, at days 2 and 7 post‐transplant, and on the third day of engraftment.ResultsGeneral linear model analyses revealed no difference between the groups in CES‐D total score at baseline (P = 0.7859). A longitudinal linear mixed model analysis revealed a significant interaction between time of assessment and light condition [F(3,107) = 2.90; P = 0.0386; ɳ2 = 0.08)], indicating that PEI prevented the development of depression during hospitalization, with effects reaching significance by the third day of engraftment. At the third day of engraftment, 68.4% of the participants in the DWL comparison condition met the criteria for clinically significant depression compared to 42.1% in the BWL condition.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that PEI using BWL during MM ASCT hospitalization is effective in reducing the development of depression. Future studies should examine the mechanisms whereby PEI improves depression.
Dynamics of circulating microRNAs as a novel indicator of clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer
Authors: Zhu Wenjie , Liu Mei , Fan Ying , Ma Fei , Xu Ningzhi , Xu Binghe 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundCirculating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been indicated as predictive biomarkers in breast cancer. We aimed to explore the association of plasma miRNA dynamics with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) and disclose early markers for predicting sensitivity.MethodsOne hundred and nine patients with operable or locally advanced breast cancer, who participated in a prospective clinical trial and received NCT, were analyzed. Blood samples were collected before random assignment, after two cycles of chemotherapy (C2) and before surgery. Based on their clinical response, the patients were defined as chemo‐sensitive or insensitive. First, baseline and preoperative samples of selected cases from both groups were screened via TaqMan miRNA array for candidate miRNAs. Afterward all the biospecimens were tested for the candidate miRNAs (miR‐222, miR‐20a, miR‐451, miR‐9, miR‐34a, miR‐155, and miR‐145) by quantitative real‐time PCR. Finally, logistic regression model was utilized to determine the predictive value of baseline/C2 expression of these miRNAs.ResultsBased on the results of microRNA profiling, seven miRNAs were selected for further validation. In the HR+/HER2‐ cohort (n = 51) dynamics of three miRNAs, including miR‐222, miR‐20a, and miR‐451, were associated with chemo‐sensitivity. Importantly, across all the three subtypes we consistently identified chemo‐induced decrease in plasma miR‐34a in the insensitive patients. Finally, baseline miR‐222 overexpression (OR = 6.422, P = 0.049), C2 miR‐20a up‐regulation (OR = 0.144, P = 0.021) and C2 miR‐451 down‐regulation (OR = 8.213, P = 0.012) were predictive markers of response to NCT in HR+/HER2‐ breast cancer.ConclusionsWe described that dynamics of circulating miRNAs might help predict clinical response to NCT in breast cancer.
Labeling of Phosphatidylinositol Lipid Products in Cells through Metabolic Engineering by Using a Clickable myo‐Inositol Probe
Authors: Ricks Tanei J. , Cassilly Chelsi D. , Carr Adam J. , Alves Daiane S. , Alam Shahrina , Tscherch Kathrin , Yokley Timothy W. , Workman Cameron E. , Morrell‐Falvey Jennifer L. , Barrera Francisco N. , Reynolds Todd B. , Best Michael D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPhosphatidylinositol (PI) lipids control critical biological processes, so aberrant biosynthesis often leads to disease. As a result, the capability to track the production and localization of these compounds in cells is vital for elucidating their complex roles. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and application of clickable myo‐inositol probe 1 a for bioorthogonal labeling of PI products. To validate this platform, we initially conducted PI synthase assays to show that 1 a inhibits PI production in vitro. Fluorescence microscopy experiments next showed probe‐dependent imaging in T‐24 human bladder cancer and Candida albicans cells. Growth studies in the latter showed that replacement of myo‐inositol with probe 1 a led to an enhancement in cell growth. Finally, fluorescence‐based TLC analysis and mass spectrometry experiments support the labeling of PI lipids. This approach provides a promising means for tracking the complex biosynthesis and trafficking of these lipids in cells.
Iterative l‐Tryptophan Methylation in Psilocybe Evolved by Subdomain Duplication
Authors: Blei Felix , Fricke Janis , Wick Jonas , Slot Jason C. , Hoffmeister Dirk 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPsilocybe mushrooms are best known for their l‐tryptophan‐derived psychotropic alkaloid psilocybin. Dimethylation of norbaeocystin, the precursor of psilocybin, by the enzyme PsiM is a critical step during the biosynthesis of psilocybin. However, the “magic” mushroom Psilocybe serbica also mono‐ and dimethylates l‐tryptophan, which is incompatible with the specificity of PsiM. Here, a second methyltransferase, TrpM, was identified and functionally characterized. Mono‐ and dimethylation activity on l‐tryptophan was reconstituted in vitro, whereas tryptamine was rejected as a substrate. Therefore, we describe a second l‐tryptophan‐dependent pathway in Psilocybe that is not part of the biosynthesis of psilocybin. TrpM is unrelated to PsiM but originates from a retained ancient duplication event of a portion of the egtDB gene that encodes an ergothioneine biosynthesis enzyme. During mushroom evolution, this duplicated gene was widely lost but re‐evolved sporadically and independently in various genera. We propose a new secondary metabolism evolvability mechanism, in which weakly selected genes are retained through preservation in a widely distributed, conserved pathway.
Tocols and oil content in whole grain, brewer's spent grain, and pearling fractions of malting, feed, and food barley genotypes
Authors: Badea Ana , Carter Adam , Legge William G. , Swallow Kevin , Johnston Stuart P. , Izydorczyk Marta S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground and objectivesVitamin E is an important dietary component found mainly in plants and is a group of compounds including tocopherols and tocotrienols, collectively known as tocols. In this study, tocols and oil content was evaluated in whole grain, brewer's spent grain, and pearling fractions from various barley genotypes grown at two sites in 2014, and at three sites in 2015 in Manitoba, Canada.FindingsMean tocols and oil content was much higher in brewer's spent grain than in whole grain of malting genotypes. Pearling fractions had higher tocols and oil content than whole grain of six distinct feed/food genotypes, with the highest tocols and oil content observed in the 5%–10% pearling fraction.ConclusionsBrewer's spent grain and the 5%–10% pearling fraction could be used as novel functional food ingredients or be valuable sources for extraction of health‐promoting tocols and/or oil.Significance and noveltyUsing barley processing by‐products like brewer's spent grain and pearling fractions in value‐added products with beneficial health properties may offer unique economic and waste management opportunities. A relatively large number of malting and feed/food barley genotypes were screened for all eight tocol vitamers and oil content. This study serves as a valuable resource for barley research scientists and the barley industry as a whole.
Atypical onset of nephropathic infantile cystinosis in a Russian patient with rare CTNS mutation
Authors: Anastasiya Kozina A. , Elena Okuneva G. , Natalia Baryshnikova V. , Anna Krasnenko Yu. , Kirill Tsukanov Yu. , Olesya Klimchuk I. , Tatiana Nikishina A. , Inessa Fedoniuk D. , Ekaterina Surkova I. , Peter Shatalov A. , Valery Ilinsky V. 
Published: August 2018

Key Clinical MessageWe report a Russian patient with atypical onset of infantile nephropathic cystinosis. The disease debuted with vomiting and loss of weight and motor skills. Nephropathic changes appeared 6 months after onset of disease. Exome sequencing can be useful for diagnosing cystinosis in patients with neurological abnormalities before onset of nephropathic symptoms.
Efficient Nanoporous Hematite Photoanodes Prepared by Electron Beam Evaporation and Au Modification
Authors: Eftekharinia Behrooz , Moshaii Ahmad , Sobhkhiz Vayghan Nader , Dabirian Ali 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe water oxidation efficiency of hematite photoanodes is mainly limited by low visible light absorption and short hole diffusion length. Herein, we report on production of nanoporous columnar hematite films modified with Au nanoparticles (NPs) to overcome these drawbacks. The hematite films are prepared by electron beam evaporation. By optimization of deposition conditions including film thickness, annealing and performing the evaporation under oblique angle, an efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance is achieved from the pristine hematite photoanode. Then, Au NPs are infiltrated into the hematite films by a spin coating process. The water oxidation of hematite films is further enhanced after Au modification. The most efficient electrode generates a photocurrent density of 2.7 mA cm−2 at 1.5 V (RHE), showing about two‐fold improvement relative to that of bare hematite. Optical and electrochemical analyses suggest that the improvement after Au modification can be attributed to plasmonic and facilitating surface charge transfer. The contributions of different plasmonic mechanisms to the photocurrent enhancement are qualitatively discussed based on optical characterization and electromagnetic simulations. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is carried out to confirm the improvement of surface charge transport by the Au NPs. Our findings show that Au modification is a favorable strategy to improve the PEC performance of hematite photoanodes prepared by PVD methods.