bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer Based Testing (CBT) System for GST Exams in Adamawa State University, Mubi
Authors: Suleiman Abdulkareem , Nachandiya Nathan 
Published: March 2019

The examination is one of the most broadly used strategies for assessing learning and capacity of a student. Adamawa State University is engulfed in a lot of irregularities during examination and also delays of results after the examination. These and another manual method of processing results give room for errors during results compilation. The utilisation of Information and Communication Technology in directing examinations can enhance proficiency and decrease the delay of student's result after examination. A Computer Based Testing System (CBT) was designed and implemented to diminish the delay of student's examination result. The CBTS was designed using the Agile model of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Implementation was done utilising the open source technologies, like XAMPP server, MySQL, PhP, JavaScript, Cascading Style Sheet and Hypertext Markup Language. The CBT presents notice of student's outcome quickly in the wake of taking the examination, enable the student to retake the exam (where necessary), and furthermore give diverse kinds of questions. The utilisation of CBT system can enhance the productivity and gainfulness of scholarly establishments as it diminishes the cost of stationeries and work associated with conducting examination manually. This by implication can reduce the cost of buying examination materials (papers, printers, turners etc) and students can have their results immediately after the examination. The developed system proved to be efficient and can be enhanced by adding other forms of questions like diagrammatic question to make the test address more diverse areas.
Dominant LMAN2L mutation causes intellectual disability with remitting epilepsy
Authors: Alkhater Reem A. , Wang Peixiang , Ruggieri Alessandra , Israelian Lori , Walker Susan , Scherer Stephen W. , Smith Mary Lou , Minassian Berge A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMis‐secreted glycoproteins (LGI1, reelin) are emerging causes of epilepsy. LMAN2L belongs to a glycoprotein secretion chaperone family. One recessive LMAN2L missense mutation predicted to impair the chaperone's interaction with glycoproteins was reported in a family with intellectual disability (ID) and remitting epilepsy. We describe four members of a family with autosomal dominant inheritance of a similar phenotype. We show that they segregate a NM_001142292.1:c.1073delT mutation that eliminates LMAN2L's endoplasmic reticulum retention signal and mislocalizes the protein from that compartment to the plasma membrane. LMAN2L mislocalization, like impaired glycoprotein interaction, disturbs brain development, including generation of developmentally restricted epilepsy.
Silver‐Adapted Diffusive Memristor Based on Organic Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots (N‐GOQDs) for Artificial Biosynapse Applications
Authors: Sokolov Andrey Sergeevich , Ali Mumtaz , Riaz Rabia , Abbas Yawar , Ko Min Jae , Choi Changhwan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCarbon‐based electronic devices are suitable candidates for bioinspired electronics due to their low cost, eco‐friendliness, mechanical flexibility, and compatibility with complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor technology. New types of materials such as graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted attention in the search for new applications beyond solar cells and energy harvesting due to their superior properties such as elevated photoluminescence, high chemical inertness, and excellent biocompatibility. In this paper, a biocompatible/organic electronic synapse based on nitrogen‐doped graphene oxide quantum dots (N‐GOQDs) is reported, which exhibits threshold resistive switching via silver cation (Ag+) migration dynamics. In analogy to the calcium (Ca2+) ion dynamics of biological synapses, important biological synapse functions such as short‐term potentiation (STP), paired‐pulse facilitation, and transition from STP to long‐term plasticity behaviors are replicated. Long‐term depression behavior is also evaluated and specific spike‐timing dependent plasticity is assessed. In addition, elaborated switching mechanism of biosimilar Ag+ migration dynamics provides the potential for using N‐GOQD‐based artificial synapse in future biocompatible neuromorphic systems.
Design and Applications of Photoresponsive Hydrogels
Authors: Li Lei , Scheiger Johannes M. , Levkin Pavel A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHydrogels are the most relevant biochemical scaffold due to their tunable properties, inherent biocompatibility, and similarity with tissue and cell environments. Over the past decade, hydrogels have developed from static materials to “smart” responsive materials adapting to various stimuli, such as pH, temperature, chemical, electrical, or light. Light stimulation is particularly interesting for many applications because of the capability of contact‐free remote manipulation of biomaterial properties and inherent spatial and temporal control. Moreover, light can be finely adjusted in its intrinsic properties, such as wavelength and intensity (i.e., the energy of an individual photon as well as the number of photons over time). Water is almost transparent for light in the photochemically relevant range (NIR–UV), thus hydrogels are well‐suited scaffolds for light‐responsive functionality. Hydrogels' chemical and physical variety combined with light responsiveness makes photoresponsive hydrogels ideal candidates for applications in several fields, ranging from biomaterials, medicine to soft robotics. Herein, the progress and new developments in the field of light‐responsive hydrogels are elaborated by first introducing the relevant photochemistries before discussing selected applications in detail.
Direct and Efficient C(sp3)‐H Bond Alkylation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Isochroman with Alkylzinc Reagents
Authors: Peng Zhihua , Wang Yilei , Yu Zhi , Wu Hao , Fu Shanshan , Song Linhua , Jiang Cuiyu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn efficient C(sp3)−H bond alkylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines and isochroman with alkylzinc reagents was demonstrated. This transformation could be readily performed under mild conditions in the absence of a heavy metal catalyst, affording a wide range of potentially biologically active compounds. In addition, this approach exhibited excellent compatibility with various sensitive functional groups such as a cyano group, an ester group as well as a boronic acid pinacol ester group.magnified image
Enhancing Systemic Delivery of Enzymatically Generated RNAi Nanocomplexes for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Nam Hyangsu , Ku Sook Hee , Yoon Hong Yeol , Kim Kwangmeyung , Kwon Ick Chan , Kim Sun Hwa , Lee Jong Bum 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDespite the superb therapeutic potential of siRNA technology, its clinical application are still limited due to the inherent instability and lack of systemic delivery issues. Recently, the development of long‐chain siRNA has been proposed as a strategy to improve in vivo stability, particularly for efficient physical integration of siRNA molecules into gene carriers. Herein, concatemeric siRNAs are enzymatically synthesized through a rolling circle transcription process, and form stable RNA interference (RNAi) nanocomplexes with a redox‐sensitive glycol chitosan derivative to systemically deliver the concatemeric siRNAs to tumor tissues. The enzymatically generated RNAi nanocomplexes (RNCs) have higher particle stability and less cytotoxicity than the conventional polyelectrolyte complexes. The therapeutic potential of the RNC formulation is verified in vivo as well as in vitro using VEGF as an antiangiogenic target for RNAi‐based anticancer therapy. After systemic administration, RNC is specifically accumulated in tumor tissues and shows a high inhibitory effect on tumor growth. According to the results, the RNC can be considered as a platform technology for efficient tumor‐targeted siRNA delivery systems.
Associations between a laboratory frailty index and adverse health outcomes across age and sex
Authors: Blodgett Joanna M. , Theou Olga , Mitnitski Arnold , Howlett Susan E. , Rockwood Kenneth 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveEarly frailty may be captured by a frailty index (FI) based entirely on vital signs and laboratory tests. Our aim was to examine associations between a laboratory‐based FI (FI‐Lab) and adverse health outcomes, and investigate how this changed with age.MethodsUp to 8988 individuals aged 20+ years from the 2003‐2004 and 2005‐2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cohorts were included. Characteristics of the FI‐Lab were compared to those of a self‐reported clinical FI. Associations between each FI and health care use, self‐reported health, and disability were examined in the full sample and across age groups.ResultsLaboratory‐based FI scores increased with age but did not demonstrate expected sex differences. Women aged 20‐39 years had higher FI scores than men; this pattern reversed after age 60 years. FI‐Lab scores were associated with poor self‐reported health (odds ratio[95% confidence interval]: 1.46[1.39‐1.54]), high health care use (1.35[1.29‐1.42]), and high disability (1.41[1.32‐1.50]), even among those aged 20‐39 years.ConclusionHigher FI‐Lab scores were associated with poor health outcomes at all ages. Associations in the youngest group support the notion that deficit accumulation occurs across the lifespan. FI‐Lab scores could be utilized as an early screening tool to identify deficit accumulation at the cellular and molecular level before they become clinically visible.
Weiterentwicklung der Substrattoleranz von Elizabethkingia meningoseptica Oleathydratase zur regio‐ und stereoselektiven Hydratisierung von Ölsäurederivaten
Authors: Engleder Matthias , Strohmeier Gernot A. , Weber Hansjörg , Steinkellner Georg , Leitner Erich , Müller Monika , Mink Daniel , Schürmann Martin , Gruber Karl , Pichler Harald 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDie Addition von Wasser an nichtaktivierte Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff‐Doppelbindungen von Fettsäuren wird durch Fettsäurehydratasen (FAHYs) katalysiert, und ermöglicht die hochselektive Oxyfunktionalisierung von erneuerbaren, ölhaltigen Rohstoffen. Da für die Erkennung und Bindung von Substraten die freie Carboxylatgruppe bislang als unerlässlich galt, ist der Einsatz von FAHYs gegenwärtig auf die Hydratisierung freier Fettsäuren limitiert. Diese Arbeit zeigt erstmals die Hydratisierung von Ölsäurederivaten ohne freier Carboxylatfunktion am Beispiel der Elizabethkingia meningoseptica Oleathydratase (OhyA). Im Zuge bioinformatischer Bindestudien von Substraten an die 3D‐Struktur der OhyA sowie durch Aminosäuresequenzvergleiche konnten konservierte Aminosäurereste in der Substratbindetasche des Enzyms identifiziert werden. Der rationale Austausch dieser Reste führte zu Enzymvarianten mit bis zu 18‐fach verbessertem Umsatz bestimmter Ölsäurederivate ohne Beeinträchtigung der exzellenten Regio‐ und Stereoselektivität der Olefinhydratisierung.
A Methyl‐TROSY‐Based 1H Relaxation Dispersion Experiment for Studies of Conformational Exchange in High Molecular Weight Proteins
Authors: Yuwen Tairan , Huang Rui , Vallurupalli Pramodh , Kay Lewis E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMolecular complexes often sample conformational states that direct them to specific functions. These states can be difficult to observe through traditional biophysical approaches but they can be studied using a variety of different NMR spin relaxation experiments. However, these applications, when focused on moderate to high molecular weight proteins, are complicated by fast relaxing signals that negatively affect the sensitivity and resolution of spectra. Here a methyl 1H CPMG‐based experiment for studies of excited conformational states of protein machines is described that exploits a TROSY‐effect to increase signal‐to‐noise. Complexities from the multiplicity of methyl 1H transitions are addressed to generate a robust pulse scheme that is applied to a 320 kDa homeostasis protein, p97.
Rational Design of Transition Metal Co‐Doped Ceria Catalysts for Low‐Temperature CO Oxidation
Authors: Kim Hyung Jun , Lee Geonhee , Jang Myeong Gon , Noh Kyung‐Jong , Han Jeong Woo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe present a highly active CeO2‐based catalyst for oxidizing CO in automobile exhaust. This catalyst was systemically designed by co‐doping with transition metals (TMs). First, we used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to screen Mn and 13 dopant TMs (periods 4∼6 in groups VIII∼XI) and their 91 binary combinations for co‐doping. As a result, Cu and (Cu, Ag) were found to be the best candidates among the single and binary dopants, respectively. Next, we synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles doped with Cu or (Cu, Ag), then experimentally confirmed that the predicted (Cu, Ag) co‐doped CeO2 showed higher activity than pure CeO2 and other TM‐doped CeO2. This was attributed to the easy formation of oxygen vacancies in the lattice of CeO2. Our study demonstrates that the use of a rational design of CeO2‐based catalyst through theoretical calculations and experimental validation can effectively improve the low‐temperature catalytic activity of CO oxidation.
Importance of Electrocatalyst Morphology for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Liang Zuozhong , Zheng Haoquan , Cao Rui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractProton/anion‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC and AEMFC), generating electricity from the H2 energy with zero‐carbon emission, have become very promising energy conversion devices to meet the increasing energy demand and reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Currently, platinum (Pt) based materials have proven to be the most efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode of the PEMFC and AEMFC. However, the high price and the limited reserve of Pt greatly hinder their industrial applications. Recently, transition metal‐nitrogen‐carbon (M−N−C) based material, as an efficient alternative to replace the precious metal Pt‐based material, has attracted researchers’ attention. Great contributions have been devoted to develop M−N−C based electrocatalysts. This review summarizes recent advances on M−N−C based electrocatalysts used for ORR from the point view of morphology. One‐dimensional (1D), two‐dimensional (2D), three‐dimensional (3D) and multi‐dimensional (MD) M−N−C materials were discussed thoroughly with particular attention on the relationship between the structure and the catalytic activity.
Efficient Synthesis of Mandel Acetates by Electrochemical Carboxylation of Benzal Diacetates
Authors: Senboku Hisanori , Sakai Kanae , Fukui Akihiro , Sato Yusuke , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEfficient synthesis of mandel acetate, 2‐acetoxy‐2‐phenylacetic acid, from benzaldehyde was successfully performed in two steps using electrochemical carboxylation of benzal diacetate as a key step. When benzal diacetate, readily prepared from benzaldehyde and acetic anhydride in one step, in DMF containing 0.1 M Bu4NBF4 was electrolyzed in the presence of carbon dioxide using an undivided cell equipped with a platinum plate cathode and a magnesium rod anode under constant current conditions, reductive cleavage of the C‐OAc bond followed by capture of carbon dioxide took place efficiently at the benzylic position to give mandel acetate in good to high yields. Wide scope, high yields and the use of carbon dioxide as a carbon source of the carboxyl group would provide novel environmentally‐benign synthesis of mandelic acid derivatives.
Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts Alkylation Reaction of Heteroarenes with N‐Unprotected Trifluoromethyl Ketimines by Means of Chiral Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Miyagawa Masamichi , Yoshida Masaru , Kiyota Yuki , Akiyama Takahiko 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn enantioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction of pyrroles and indoles with N‐unprotected trifluoromethyl ketimines by use of chiral phosphoric acid provided α‐trifluoromethylated primary amines bearing chiral tetrasubstituted carbon centers in high yields and with high to excellent enantioselectivities. The present reaction is unique to N‐unprotected trifluoromethyl ketimines. No reaction took place with N‐p‐methoxyphenyl (PMP)‐substituted ketimine. Corresponding α‐trifluoromethylated amines were transformed without loss of enantioselectivity.
ControlChain: A new stage on the IoT access control authorization
Authors: Pinno Otto Julio Ahlert , Grégio André Ricardo Abed , De Bona Luis C.E. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe IoT is changing the way we interact with the world. Very soon, almost all of our daily tasks will be made through self intelligent systems embedded in devices scattered all around us. Their mission is to turn our cities, transportation systems, buildings, homes, and bodies in smart environments. These environments will bring us more comfort, improve our performance, increase our profits, and take away time‐consuming tasks. However, besides its great benefits, the IoT is also a big source of concerns, mainly because a good part of its devices will handle private and confidential information. Recently, cases of successful IoT invasions only worsen this scenario and show us that the today's adopted access control systems need to be replaced by more efficiently and secure ones. To overcome these access control problems, in this work, we present the ControlChain. The ControlChain is an access control authorization architecture that is heavily based on Blockchain technology. We also demonstrate the viability of the ControlChain through the E‐ControlChain, a proof‐of‐concept developed to run over the Ethereum network. Our proposals follows the IoT tendency requirements and are user‐transparent, user‐friendly, fully decentralized, scalable, fault tolerant, and compatible with a wide range of today's access control models already used in the IoT. Finally, we also make a cost and a performance analysis of E‐ControlChain, using a Raspberry Pi as an IoT device.
An accurate and simplified small signal parameter extraction method for GaN HEMT
Authors: Khusro Ahmad , Hashmi Mohammad S. , Ansari Abdul Quaiyum , Mishra Aditya , Tarique Mohammad 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIn this paper, development of a small signal model for 2 × 200 μm GaN HEMT based on the conventional 20‐element model is presented. The proposed model presents a direct parameter extraction algorithm, instead of the hybrid optimization approach, that provides simplification, accuracy, and less computational complexity. The extrinsic elements are extracted using a modified cold pinch‐off condition while discarding the unwanted forward biasing of the gate. The negative drain to source capacitance Cds is also observed in the ohmic region (for smaller VDS). An excellent agreement found between the measured and modeled data for a wide range of frequencies and bias values shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The proposed modeling technique is validated with a good agreement between the achieved bias dependency of intrinsic parameter values and the respective theoretical parameter values.
Application of micellar electrokinetic chromatography for detection of silver nanoparticles released from wound dressing
Authors: Konop Marek , Kłodzińska Ewa , Borowiec Joanna , Laskowska Anna Katarzyna , Czuwara Joanna , Konieczka Piotr , Cieślik Bartłomiej , Waraksa Emilia , Rudnicka Lidia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe recent emergence of nanotechnology has provided a new therapeutic modality in case of silver nanoparticles. Dressings containing silver form the basis for the treatment of burns and wounds, either acute or chronic ones. The aim of the study was to examine silver release from the different wound dressings: commercially available (Atrauman Ag, Aquacel Ag) and experimental (FKDP‐AgNPs) using MEKC. In order to characterize prepared keratin based wound dressing before and after its modification with AgNPs, a compositional analysis was conducted using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Nanosilver toxicity was evaluated with the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4 sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium test. Silver release from wound dressings was assessed using MEKC. The best separation was observed for MEKC in 20 mM borate buffer at pH 9 with 20 mM SDS addition. In vitro studies showed silver at higher concentration than 10 ppm exerted a toxic effect on fibroblasts isolated from diabetic mice versus. NIH/3T3 and BJ cell lines (p < 0.05). We observed silver was released more gradually from experimental FKDP‐AgNPs wound dressing, in compare to commercially available wound dressings. The fast and low‐cost method utilizing MEKC can be used in clinical practice to detect silver release from the wound dressings.
Pathways to specialist care for eating disorders: An Italian multicentre study
Authors: Volpe Umberto , Monteleone Alessio M. , Ricca Valdo , Corsi Elisa , Favaro Angela , Santonastaso Paolo , De Giorgi Serafino , Renna Caterina , Abbate Daga Giovanni , Amianto Federico , Balestrieri Matteo , Luxardi Gian Luigi , Clerici Massimo , Alamia Alberto , Segura‐Garcia Cristina , Rania Marianna , Monteleone Palmiero , Maj Mario 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTwo hundred forty six patients with eating disorders (EDs) recruited from eight Italian specialized treatment centres were administered with the World Health Organization “Encounter Form,” a standardized schedule that makes it possible to characterize the clinical pathways that patients follow to reach specialized care.The median time from symptoms onset to specialized care was 114 weeks. Primary “points of access to care” were general practitioners (25%), psychiatrists (18%), and clinical nutritionists (17%), followed by various other carers. All patients received specific psychotherapy, whereas only 11% of them were given psychotropic drugs. EDs are characterized by complex care pathways, with low rates of direct access to specialized care. Although the role of general practitioners remains crucial, they tend to follow different clinical routes to refer ED patients. Educational programmes on EDs should be addressed to general practitioners and clinical nutritionists, in order to ease the transition of ED patients to a mental health care setting.