bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A modalização discursiva como índice de argumentatividade nos gêneros acadêmicos
Authors: Nascimento Erivaldo Pereira do 
Published: January 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como a modalização discursiva funciona nos gêneros acadêmicos, imprimindo argumentatividade, ou seja, orientando os enunciados em razão de determinadas conclusões. Trata-se de reflexões feitas sobre o fenômeno da modalização nos referidos gêneros, a partir de investigações científicas de natureza qualitativa e de caráter descritivo e interpretativista. Para tal, fundamentamo-nos nos estudos sobre a Modalização Discursiva, a partir de Cervoni (1989), Castilho e Castilho (1993), Koch (2012), Nascimento (2009, 2010) e Nascimento e Silva (2012), além dos estudos sobre a argumentação linguística de Ducrot (1987, 1988). A descrição do fenômeno da modalização nos gêneros investigados permitiu-nos verificar que a modalização é uma estratégia presente em todos eles (ata administrativo-acadêmica, resumo, resenha, projeto de pesquisa de TCC, monografia de TCC e artigo científico) e que é utilizada com diferentes funções discursivas, produzindo diversos efeitos de sentido: assimilação, distanciamento e avaliação.
Interventions to Address the Needs of Adults With Postconcussion Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jaber Ala’a F. , Hartwell Julie , Radel Jeff D. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Postconcussion syndrome (PCS) affects physical, cognitive, and emotional functioning. Existing reviews of interventions to address PCS are limited to psychological and rehabilitation interventions and to child and adolescent populations. We conducted a systematic review integrating current evidence about interventions for adults with PCS. The inclusion criteria were intervention studies of adults (ages ≥18 yr) with PCS that evaluated recovery from PCS symptoms and focused on functional outcomes; 10 studies met the criteria. Included studies demonstrated medium to high levels of evidence and investigated psychotherapy, counseling, social support, self-management strategies, individualized rehabilitation, hyperbaric oxygen interventions, and group-based cognitive–behavioral therapy. Outcomes included reduced postconcussion symptoms, improved cognitive function, enhanced quality of life, and increased community integration. The evidence supports psychotherapy, counseling, and social support interventions as being beneficial for cognitive and emotional functions in adults with PCS.
The advantages of a spine coil over a torso coil in magnetic resonance imaging examination of the sternoclavicular joints
Authors: Kusak Artur Stefan , Podgórski Michał Tomasz , Grzelak Piotr , Kwapisz Adam 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThere are two standard methods for an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the sternoclavicular joints: with loop coils and the patient in the prone position, or with torso coils with the patient in a supine position. In some centres these joints are examined with the spine coil in a patient laying prone. There are no reports on the advantages of this method. Our hypothesis is that despite different MRI systems, application of a spine coil will improve examination quality.Material and methodsTwenty-one healthy volunteers (10 female, 11 male, mean age 25 years) were randomised into three groups and scanned using three different MRI scanners (1.5T: Siemens Avanto, Philips Ingenia, 3.0T: Philips Achieva). Each volunteer was examined twice: using a standard protocol with a torso coil and with a spine coil, in prone position. The two groups were compared with regard to the intensity of motion artefacts using the χ2 test, and to the signal-to-noise ratio with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.ResultsApplication of a spine coil resulted in a significant decrease in the number of motion artefacts in all three planes (axial: p = 0.0004; sagittal: p < 0.0001; coronal: p = 0.0054). Moreover, the signal-to-noise ratio was significantly increased with the application of a spine coil (28.6 ± 8.6 vs. 18.5 ± 7.3, respectively; p = 0.0002).ConclusionsApplication of a spine coil with the patient in a prone position is suitable for MRI evaluation of the sterno­clavicular joints. It allows a higher signal-to-noise ratio and a lower intensity of motion artefacts to be obtained compared to a torso coil.
Upgrade and automation of the JPL Table Mountain Facility tropospheric ozone lidar (TMTOL) for near-ground ozone profiling and satellite validation
Authors: Chouza Fernando , Leblanc Thierry , Brewer Mark , Wang Patrick 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. As part of international efforts to monitor air quality,
several satellite missions such as the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument
(TROPOMI) were deployed and others, like Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring
Pollution (TEMPO), are planned for the near future. In support of the
validation of these missions, major upgrades to the tropospheric ozone lidar
located at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Table Mountain Facility (TMF) were
recently performed. These modifications include the full automation of the
system, which now allows unattended measurements during frequent satellite
overpasses, and a new receiver that extends the measurement capabilities of
the system down to 100 m above surface. The automation led to the systematic operation of the lidar during daily
TROPOMI overpasses, providing more than 139 reference profiles since
January 2018. Ozone profiles retrieved using the new lidar receiver were
compared to ozonesonde profiles obtained from a co-located tethered balloon.
An agreement of about 5 % with the ozonesonde down to an altitude range of
100 m a.g.l. was observed. Furthermore, the stability of the receiver
configuration was investigated. Comparisons between the lowest point
retrieved by the lidar and a co-located surface ozone photometer showed no
sign of drift over a 2-month test period and an agreement better than
10 %. Finally, measurements from a 24 h intensive measurement period
during a stratospheric intrusion event showed good agreement with two free-flying ozonesondes. These comparisons revealed localized differences between
sonde and lidar, possibly owing to the differing vertical resolutions
(between 52 and 380 m for lidar and about 100 m for the sonde).
Using phase lags to evaluate model biases in simulating the diurnal cycle of evapotranspiration: a case study in Luxembourg
Authors: Renner Maik , Brenner Claire , Mallick Kaniska , Wizemann Hans-Dieter , Conte Luigi , Trebs Ivonne , Wei Jianhui , Wulfmeyer Volker , Schulz Karsten , Kleidon Axel 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. While modeling approaches of evapotranspiration (λE) perform
reasonably well when evaluated at daily or monthly timescales, they can show systematic
deviations at the sub-daily timescale,
which results in potential biases in modeled λE to global climate
change. Here we decompose the diurnal variation of heat fluxes and
meteorological variables into their direct response to incoming solar
radiation (Rsd) and a phase shift to Rsd. We analyze data from an
eddy-covariance (EC) station at a temperate grassland site, which experienced a
pronounced summer drought. We employ three structurally different modeling
approaches of λE, which are used in remote sensing retrievals, and
quantify how well these models represent the observed diurnal cycle under
clear-sky conditions. We find that energy balance residual approaches, which
use the surface-to-air temperature gradient as input,
are able to reproduce the reduction of the phase lag from wet to dry conditions. However, approaches
which use the vapor pressure deficit (Da) as the driving gradient
(Penman–Monteith) show significant deviations from the observed phase lags,
which is found to depend on the parameterization of surface conductance to
water vapor. This is due to the typically strong phase lag of 2–3 h
of Da, while the observed phase lag of λE is only on the order of
15 min. In contrast, the temperature gradient shows phase differences in
agreement with the sensible heat flux and represents the wet–dry difference
rather well. We conclude that phase lags contain important information on
the different mechanisms of diurnal heat storage and exchange and, thus,
allow a process-based insight to improve the representation of
land–atmosphere (L–A) interactions in models.
The vertical structure of precipitation at two stations in East Antarctica derived from micro rain radars
Authors: Durán-Alarcón Claudio , Boudevillain Brice , Genthon Christophe , Grazioli Jacopo , Souverijns Niels , van Lipzig Nicole P. M. , Gorodetskaya Irina V. , Berne Alexis 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Precipitation over Antarctica is the main term in the surface mass
balance of the Antarctic ice sheet, which is crucial for the future evolution
of the sea level worldwide. Precipitation, however, remains poorly documented
and understood mainly because of a lack of observations in this extreme
environment. Two observatories dedicated to precipitation have been set up at
the Belgian station Princess Elisabeth (PE) and at the French station Dumont
d'Urville (DDU) in East Antarctica. Among other instruments, both sites
have a vertically pointing micro rain radar (MRR) working at the K band.
Measurements have been continuously collected at DDU since the austral summer
of
2015–2016, while they have been collected mostly during summer seasons at PE
since 2010, with a full year of observation during 2012. In this study, the
statistics of the vertical profiles of reflectivity, vertical velocity, and
spectral width are analyzed for all seasons. Vertical profiles were separated
into surface precipitation and virga to evaluate the impact of virga on the
structure of the vertical profiles. The climatology of the study area plays
an important role in the structure of the precipitation: warmer and moister
atmospheric conditions at DDU favor the occurrence of more intense
precipitation compared with PE, with a difference of 8 dBZ between both
stations. The strong katabatic winds blowing at DDU induce a decrease in
reflectivity close to the ground due to the sublimation of the snowfall
particles. The vertical profiles of precipitation velocity show significant
differences between the two stations. In general, at DDU the vertical
velocity increases as the height decreases, while at PE the vertical velocity
decreases as the height decreases. These features of the vertical profiles of
reflectivity and vertical velocity could be explained by the more frequent
occurrence of aggregation and riming at DDU compared to PE because of the
lower temperature and relative humidity at the latter, located further in the
interior. Robust and reliable statistics about the vertical profile of
precipitation in Antarctica, as derived from MRRs for instance,
are necessary and valuable for the evaluation of precipitation estimates
derived from satellite measurements and from numerical atmospheric models.
Automatically generating psychiatric case notes from digital transcripts of doctor-patient conversations using text mining
Authors: Kazi Nazmul , Kahanda Indika 
Published: January 2019

Current health care systems require clinicians to spend a substantial amount of time to digitally document their interactions with their patients through the use of electronic health records (EHRs), limiting the time spent on face-to-face patient care. Moreover, the use of EHRs is known to be highly inefficient due to additional time it takes for completion, which also leads to clinician burnout. In this project, we explore the feasibility of developing an automated case notes system for psychiatrists using text mining techniques that will listen to doctor-patient conversations, generate digital transcripts using speech-to-text conversion, classify information from the transcripts into relevant categories, and automatically generate structured case notes.
In our preliminary work, we develop a human-powered doctor-patient conversation transcript annotator and obtain a gold standard dataset through the National Alliance of Mental Illness (NAMI) Montana. We model the task of classifying parts of conversations into six broad categories such as medical and family history as a supervised classification problem and apply several popular machine learning algorithms. According to our preliminary experimental results obtained through 5-fold cross-validation, Support Vector Machines are able to classify an unseen transcript with an average AUROC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) score of 89%. Finally, we use part-of-speech (POS) tagging, grammatical rules of English language and verb conjugation, we generate written versions of the pieces of text belonging to different categories. These formal text are aggregated in to filling different sections of the EHR forms.
Gastric Helicobacter pylori infection perturbs human oral microbiota
Authors: Chua Eng-Guan , Chong Ju-Yee , Lamichhane Binit , Webberley K. Mary , Marshall Barry J. , Wise Michael J. , Tay Chin-Yen 
Published: January 2019

Background
We investigated the effects of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection on the daytime and overnight human oral microbiota.

Methods
Twenty four volunteers were recruited. Ten tested positive for H. pylori infection by the Carbon-14 Urea Breath Test, and the rest were negative. Two oral swabs were collected: one immediately after waking up in the morning and before brushing teeth, and another in the evening before teeth-brushing. DNA extract acquired from each swab was subjected to Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The microbial abundance and composition were analysed in relation to H. pylori infection status.

Results
Helicobacter pylori-positive individuals had significant changes in the alpha and beta diversities in the daytime samples in comparison to those who were H. pylori negative. To identify which taxa could be significantly affected within the cohorts in the daytime, we employed the LEfSe method. When compared against UBT-negative samples, significantly higher abundances were detected in both Pseudomonas and Roseomonas, while Fusobacterium, Solobacterium, Haemophilus and Streptococcus were significantly decreased in the UBT-positive samples.

Discussion
Our data demonstrated that H. pylori infection affects the human daytime oral microbiota. The hitherto undocumented changes of several bacterial genera due to H. pylori infection require more studies to examine their potential health effects on affected individuals.
Defect Engineering in Semiconductors: Manipulating Nonstoichiometric Defects and Understanding Their Impact in Oxynitrides for Solar Energy Conversion
Authors: Feng Jianyong , Huang Huiting , Fang Tao , Wang Xin , Yan Shicheng , Luo Wenjun , Yu Tao , Zhao Yixin , Li Zhaosheng , Zou Zhigang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNonstoichiometric defects, as manifested by slight deviation of elemental compositions from chemical formulas, are common yet highly important in solid materials. Oxynitrides with a relatively large O/N ratio variation are theoretically predicted to change their electronic structures and charge transport behaviors with these nonstoichiometric defects. However, little experimental effort is devoted to understanding the impact of such nonstoichiometric defects regarding varied O/N ratios in oxynitrides for solar water splitting. The main reason is the lack of suitable oxynitride research models for aforementioned nonstoichiometric defect study without interference from other factors. Using TaON as a prototypical material, finely tuned O/N ratios can dramatically influence its photoresponse. In‐depth analysis further reveals a significant impact of nonstoichiometric defects (O/N ratios) on TaON's charge carrier densities, charge separation, and transport. Finally, manipulating nonstoichiometric defects of O/N ratios demonstrates its ability to control the space charge layer width and film conductivity of TaON photoanodes for high efficiency water splitting. Therefore, a fine understanding and control of nonstoichiometric defects would be highly important for future development of high efficiency oxynitrides for water splitting.
Tunable Resonator‐Upconverted Emission (TRUE) Color Printing and Applications in Optical Security
Authors: Liu Hailong , Xu Jiahui , Wang Hao , Liu Yejing , Ruan Qifeng , Wu Yiming , Liu Xiaogang , Yang Joel K. W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLanthanide‐doped nanophosphors are promising in anti‐counterfeiting and security printing applications. These nanophosphors can be incorporated as transparent inks that fluoresce by upconverting near‐infrared illumination into visible light to allow easy verification of documents. However, these inks typically exhibit a single luminescent color, low emission efficiency, and low print resolutions. Tunable resonator‐upconverted emission (TRUE) is achieved by placing upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) within plasmonic nanoresonators. A range of TRUE colors are obtained from a single‐UCNP species self‐assembled within size‐tuned gap‐plasmon resonances in Al nanodisk arrays. The luminescence intensities are enhanced by two orders of magnitude through emission and absorption enhancements. The enhanced emissive and plasmonic colors are simultaneously employed to generate TRUE color prints that exhibit one appearance under ambient white light, and a multicolored luminescence appearance that is revealed under near‐infrared excitation. The printed color and luminescent images are of ultrahigh resolutions (≈50 000 dpi), and enable multiple colors from a single excitation source for increased level of security.
Tailoring Surface Characteristics of Polyamide Thin‐Film Composite Membranes toward Pronounced Switchable Wettability
Authors: ElSherbiny Ibrahim M. A. , Khalil Ahmed S. G. , Ulbricht Mathias 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis work is the first attempt to imitate the well known, bio‐inspired, super‐hydrophilicity/‐hydrophobicity phenomena by polyamide (PA) thin‐film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, without impairing their high separation ability. Two interdisciplinary approaches, “surface micropatterning” and “double stimuli responsivity,” are successfully consolidated to obtain novel PA TFC membranes that are capable of reversibly switching between strong surface hydrophilicity and surface hydrophobicity, upon changing temperature and pH. Efficient micropatterned PA TFC membranes are developed using two techniques, namely phase separation micromolding and microimprinting lithography. Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) homopolymer and random copolymers of PNIPAAm with poly(acrylic acid) are specifically coated on the micropatterned PA TFC membranes employing carbodiimide coupling. Contact angle measurements reveal that the dual surface responsivity, derived by the grafted polyacrylamide‐based polymer coatings, is successfully amplified by virtue of promoting the membranes' surface roughness via “surface micropatterning.” Interestingly, most of the new surface modified PA TFC membranes also exhibit an improvement in the separation performance compared to their precursors. This work emphasizes the successful combination of “surface micropatterning” and “double stimuli responsivity” to prepare new tailored micropatterned surface‐coated membranes, and their potential toward enhanced separation performance and innovative membrane‐based desalination applications.
Mass Manufactured Glass Substrates Incorporating Prefabricated Electron Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Smith Benjamin , Troughton Joel , Lewis Anthony , McGettrick James , Pockett Adam , Carnie Matthew , Charbonneau Cecile , Pleydell‐Pearce Cameron , Searle Justin , Warren Paul , Varma Su , Watson Trystan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA commercially available glass substrate which incorporates both a fluorine‐doped tin oxide and compact TiO2 layer deposited through chemical vapor deposition that is commonly used in “solar control products,” is presented. The substrate, known commercially as Pilkington Eclipse Advantage, is designed for use as an infrared radiation control product and this is the first known instance of it being employed and extensively characterized for use as a mass manufactured n‐type contact in perovskite solar cells. Using this substrate with no additional compact TiO2 layer, perovskite solar cells with PCEs of up to 15.9% are achieved. These devices are superior in performance to those where the compact TiO2 is deposited via spray pyrolysis. The reproducibility and large scale manufacturing base already established with this substrate represents significant potential for solving the problem of upscaling a uniform and pinhole free n‐type compact TiO2 blocking layer.
Self‐Consistent Field Theory of Inhomogeneous Polymeric Systems: A Variational Derivation
Authors: Shi An‐Chang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe self‐consistent field theory (SCFT) is a powerful framework for the study of the phase behavior and structural properties of many‐body systems. In particular, polymeric SCFT has been successfully applied to inhomogeneous polymeric systems such as polymer blends and block copolymer melts. The polymeric SCFT is commonly derived using field‐theoretical techniques. Here, an alternative derivation of the SCFT equations and SCFT free energy functional using a variational principle is provided. Numerical methods of solving the SCFT equations and applications of the SCFT are also briefly introduced.
A Polymer‐Oriented Self‐Assembly Strategy toward Mesoporous Metal Oxides with Ultrahigh Surface Areas
Authors: Xiong Hailong , Gao Tunan , Li Kaiqian , Liu Yali , Ma Yali , Liu Jingwei , Qiao Zhen‐An , Song Shuyan , Dai Sheng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMesoporous metal oxides (MMOs) have attracted comprehensive attention in many fields, including energy storage, catalysis, and separation. Current synthesis of MMOs mainly involve use of surfactants as templates to generate mesopores and organic reagents as solvents to hinder hydrolysis and condensation of inorganic precursors, which is adverse to adjusting the interactions between surfactants and inorganic precursors. The resulting products have uncontrollable pore structure, crystallinity, and relatively lower surface areas. Here, a facile and general polymer‐oriented self‐assembly strategy to synthesize a series of MMOs (e.g., TiO2, ZrO2, NbO5, Al2O3, Ta2O5, HfO2, and SnO2) by using cationic polymers as porogens and metal alkoxides as metal oxide precursors in a robust aqueous synthesis system are reported. Nitrogen adsorption analysis and transmission electron microscopy confirm that the obtained MMOs have ultrahigh specific surface areas and large pore volumes (i.e., 733 m2 g−1 and 0.485 cm3 g−1 for mesoporous TiO2). Moreover, the structural parameters (surface area, pore size, and pore volume) and crystallinity can be readily controlled by tuning the interactions between cationic polymers and precursors. The as‐synthesized crystalline mesoporous TiO2 exhibits promising performance in photocatalytic water splitting of hydrogen production and a high hydrogen production rate of 3.68 mol h−1 g−1.
Quantitative Detection of Digoxin in Plasma Using Small‐Molecule Immunoassay in a Recyclable Gravity‐Driven Microfluidic Chip
Authors: Li Hailong , Sørensen Jesper Vinther , Gothelf Kurt Vesterager 
Published: January 2019

AbstractImmunoassays are critical for clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. However, two major challenges remaining in conventional immunoassays are precise quantification and development of immunoassays for small‐molecule detection. Here, a two signal‐mode small‐molecule immunoassay containing an internal reference that provides high stability and reproducibility compared to conventional small‐molecule immunoassays is presented. A system is developed for quantitative monitoring of the digoxin concentration in plasma in the clinically relevant range (0.6–2.6 nm). Furthermore, the model system is integrated into a simple gravity‐driven microfluidic chip (G‐Chip) requiring only 10 µL plasma. The G‐Chip allows fast detection without any complex operation and can be recycled for at least 50 times. The assay, and the G‐Chip in particular, has the potential for further development of point‐of‐care (POC) diagnostics.