bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Volumetric and Gravimetric Capacity Electrodeposited Mesostructured Sb2O3 Sodium Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Kim Sanghyeon , Qu Subing , Zhang Runyu , Braun Paul V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSodium ion batteries (SIBs) are considered promising alternatives to lithium ion batteries for grid‐scale and other energy storage applications because of the broad geographical distribution and low cost of sodium relative to lithium. Here, fabrication and characterization of high gravimetric and volumetric capacity 3D Ni‐supported Sb2O3 anodes for SIBs are presented. The electrodes are prepared by colloidal templating and pulsed electrodeposition followed by heat treatment. The colloidal template is optimized to provide large pore interconnects in the 3D scaffold to enable a high active materials loading and accommodate a large volume expansion during cycling. An electrodeposited loading of 1.1 g cm−3 is chosen to enable a combined high gravimetric and volumetric capacity. At this loading, the electrodes exhibit a specific capacity of ≈445 mA h g−1 and a volumetric capacity of ≈488 mA h cm−3 with a capacity retention of 89% after 200 cycles at 200 mA g−1. The stable cycling performance can be attributed to the 3D metal scaffold, which supports active materials undergoing large volume changes, and an initial heat treatment appears to improve the adhesion of the Sb2O3 to the metal scaffold.
Aptamer‐Engineered Natural Killer Cells for Cell‐Specific Adaptive Immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Shuanghui , Wen Jianguo , Li Huan , Xu Ling , Liu Yanting , Zhao Nianxi , Zeng Zihua , Qi Jianjun , Jiang Wenqi , Han Wei , Zu Youli 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are a key component of the innate immune system as they can attack cancer cells without prior sensitization. However, due to lack of cell‐specific receptors, NK cells are not innately able to perform targeted cancer immunotherapy. Aptamers are short single‐stranded oligonucleotides that specifically recognize their targets with high affinity in a similar manner to antibodies. To render NK cells with target‐specificity, synthetic CD30‐specific aptamers are anchored on cell surfaces to produce aptamer‐engineered NK cells (ApEn‐NK) without genetic alteration or cell damage. Under surface‐anchored aptamer guidance, ApEn‐NK specifically bind to CD30‐expressing lymphoma cells but do not react to off‐target cells. The resulting specific cell binding of ApEn‐NK triggers higher apoptosis/death rates of lymphoma cells compared to parental NK cells. Additionally, experiments with primary human NK cells demonstrate the potential of ApEn‐NK to specifically target and kill lymphoma cells, thus presenting a potential new approach for targeted immunotherapy by NK cells.
Detecting Ultralow Frequency Mutation in Circulating Cell‐Free DNA of Early‐Stage Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Unique Molecular Identifiers
Authors: Yang Yang , Zheng Di , Wu Chunyan , Lizaso Analyn , Ye Junyi , Chuai Shannon , Ni Jian , Xu Jianfang , Jiang Gening 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe performance of next generation sequencing in profiling somatic mutations from plasma samples, especially in early‐stage cancer, is limited by its sensitivity due to the extremely low amount of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA). Polymerase‐chain reaction amplification of limited amounts of DNA often results in product redundancy and the amplification of contaminant DNA. Numerous methods have been developed to detect and quantify ultralow frequency mutations. In this study, the potential of tagging each DNA molecule with a unique molecular identifier (UMI) is explored to detect ultralow frequency mutations in early‐stage lung cancer patients. Paired tissue and blood samples from 32 patients with early‐stage (stage IA‐IIB) nonsmall cell lung cancer are sequenced using a panel consisting of 168 cancer‐related genes. Collectively, 93.8% of tissue samples and 59.4% of plasma samples have mutations detected. The concordance rates are acceptable for all patients except for stage IA. Notably, mutations at an alleleic frequency as low as 0.1% are detected in UMI‐tagged cfDNA samples. Moreover, patients with nonadenocarcinoma histology have a significantly higher detection rate than patients with adenocarcinoma (92.9% vs 33.3%, P = 0.002). The study demonstrates the potential of UMI in early detection of lung cancer from plasma samples.
CE Article: Venous Doppler Ultrasound Findings 3 Months after Arm Port Implantation: Thrombosis by Port Type within a Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Burbridge Brent , Bryce Rhonda 
Published: April 2019

Highlights
Larger, arm port polyurethane catheters have more potential for: ○ Venous thrombosis ○ Multivessel venous thrombosis ○ Access vein occlusive thrombosis Arm port venous thrombosis is more frequent than suspected and is asymptomatic
Scaling-up psychological interventions in resource-poor settings: training and supervising peer volunteers to deliver the ‘Thinking Healthy Programme’ for perinatal depression in rural Pakistan
Authors: Atif N. , Nisar A. , Bibi A. , Khan S. , Zulfiqar S. , Ahmad I. , Sikander S. , Rahman A. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundThere is a scarcity of specialist trainers and supervisors for psychosocial interventions in low- and middle-income countries. A cascaded model of training and supervision was developed to sustain delivery of an evidence-based peer-delivered intervention for perinatal depression (the Thinking Healthy Programme) in rural Pakistan. The study aimed to evaluate the model.MethodsMixed methods were employed as part of a randomised controlled trial of the intervention. Quantitative data consisted of the peers' competencies assessed during field training and over the implementation phase of the intervention, using a specially developed checklist. Qualitative data were collected from peers and their trainers through 11 focus groups during the second and third year of intervention rollout.ResultsFollowing training, 43 peers out of 45 (95%) achieved at least a ‘satisfactory’ level of competency (scores of ⩾70% on the Quality and Competency Checklist). Of the cohort of 45 peers initially recruited 34 (75%) were retained over 3 years and showed sustained or improved competencies over time. Qualitatively, the key factors contributing to peers' competency were use of interactive training and supervision techniques, the trainer–peer relationship, and their cultural similarity. The partnership with community health workers and use of primary health care facilities for training and supervision gave credibility to the peers in the community.ConclusionThe study demonstrates that lay-workers such as peers can be trained and supervised to deliver a psychological intervention using a cascaded model, thus addressing the barrier of scarcity of specialist trainers and supervisors.
Generation of high energy laser-driven electron and proton sources with the 200 TW system VEGA 2 at the Centro de Laseres Pulsados
Authors: Volpe L. , Fedosejevs R. , Gatti G. , Pérez-Hernández J. A. , Méndez C. , Apiñaniz J. , Vaisseau X. , Salgado C. , Huault M. , Malko S. , Zeraouli G. , Ospina V. , Longman A. , De Luis D. , Li K. , Varela O. , García E. , Hernández I. , Pisonero J. D. , García Ajates J. , Alvarez J. M. , García C. , Rico M. , Arana D. , Hernández-Toro J. , Roso L. 
Published: April 2019

The Centro de Laseres Pulsados in Salamanca, Spain has recently started operation phase and the first user access period on the 6 J 30 fs 200 TW system (VEGA 2) already started at the beginning of 2018. In this paper we report on two commissioning experiments recently performed on the VEGA 2 system in preparation for the user campaign. VEGA 2 system has been tested in different configurations depending on the focusing optics and targets used. One configuration (long focal length $F=130$ cm) is for underdense laser–matter interaction where VEGA 2 is focused onto a low density gas-jet generating electron beams (via laser wake field acceleration mechanism) with maximum energy up to 500 MeV and an X-ray betatron source with a 10 keV critical energy. A second configuration (short focal length $F=40$ cm) is for overdense laser–matter interaction where VEGA 2 is focused onto a $5~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ thick Al target generating a proton beam with a maximum energy of 10 MeV and temperature of 2.5 MeV. In this paper we present preliminary experimental results.
Addition of milk fat globule membrane-enriched supplement to a high-fat meal attenuates insulin secretion and induction of soluble epoxide hydrolase gene expression in the postprandial state in overweight and obese subjects
Authors: Beals Elizabeth , Kamita S. G. , Sacchi R. , Demmer E. , Rivera N. , Rogers-Soeder T. S. , Gertz E. R. , Van Loan M. D. , German J. B. , Hammock B. D. , Smilowitz J. T. , Zivkovic A. M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCVD and associated metabolic diseases are linked to chronic inflammation, which can be modified by diet. The objective of the present study was to determine whether there is a difference in inflammatory markers, blood metabolic and lipid panels and lymphocyte gene expression in response to a high-fat dairy food challenge with or without milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). Participants consumed a dairy product-based meal containing whipping cream (WC) high in saturated fat with or without the addition of MFGM, following a 12 h fasting blood draw. Inflammatory markers including IL-6 and C-reactive protein, lipid and metabolic panels and lymphocyte gene expression fold changes were measured using multiplex assays, clinical laboratory services and TaqMan real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Fold changes in gene expression were determined using the Pfaffl method. Response variables were converted into incremental AUC, tested for differences, and corrected for multiple comparisons. The postprandial insulin response was significantly lower following the meal containing MFGM (P< 0·01). The gene encoding soluble epoxide hydrolase (EPHX2) was shown to be more up-regulated in the absence of MFGM (P= 0·009). Secondary analyses showed that participants with higher baseline cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (Chol:HDL) had a greater reduction in gene expression of cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) and lymphotoxinβreceptor (LTBR) with the WC+MFGM meal. The protein and lipid composition of MFGM is thought to be anti-inflammatory. These exploratory analyses suggest that addition of MFGM to a high-saturated fat meal modifies postprandial insulin response and offers a protective role for those individuals with higher baseline Chol:HDL.
Surface elevation changes on Lachman Crags ice caps (north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula) since 1979 indicated by DEMs and ICESat data
Authors: ENGEL ZBYNĚK , KROPÁČEK JAN , SMOLÍKOVÁ JANA 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThe long-term warming on the Antarctic Peninsula in the second half of the 20th century prompted rapid retreat of glaciers on the peninsula and surrounding islands. Retreat accelerated until the beginning of the new millennium when the regional warming trend significantly decreased. The response of glaciers to the change in temperature trend has been observed around the northern part of the Antarctic Peninsula but the timing of the shift from the surface lowering to mass gain remains unclear. Using historical aerial photographs, DEMs and satellite altimeter data from ICESat, we estimate areal and surface elevation changes of two small ice caps in the northern part of James Ross Island over the last 39 years. The glacierized area on Lachman Crags decreased from 4.337 ± 0.037 to 3.581 ± 0.014 km2 (−17.4%) between 1979 and 2006 and then increased to 3.597 ± 0.047 km2 (0.4%) until 2016. Surface lowering observed on ice caps after 1979 continued at least until 2008 as indicated by the ICESat data. The change from the lowering trend to increase in glacier surface elevation probably occurred after the ablation season 2008/09, which ranks among the warmest summers in the north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula since the mid-20th century.
The phylogenetic position of species ofLecanoras. l. containing calycin and usnic acid, with the description ofLecanora solarisYakovchenko & Davydov sp. nov.
Authors: YAKOVCHENKO Lidia S. , DAVYDOV Evgeny A. , OHMURA Yoshihito , PRINTZEN Christian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhylogenetic reconstructions based on ITS/5.8S and mtSSU DNA sequence data suggest a close relationship between twoLecanoraspecies containing calycin and usnic acid and theLecanora polytropagroup.Lecanora solarisYakovchenko & Davydov sp. nov. is described from the Altai Mountains in Russia. Its gross morphology resembles that ofL. somervelliias both species have an effigurate, citrine-yellow thallus (due to the production of calycin). However,L. solarisis distinguished fromL. somervelliiby having a small, squamulose to marginally lobate umbilicate thallus and apothecia with a persistent margin, whereasL. somervelliihas a large, distinctly placodioid thallus and an apothecial margin that is soon excluded.
Bede's rhetorical use of dating formulas in the Historia ecclesiastica
Authors: Shaw Richard 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBede frequently used dating formulas to frame his narrative. In some cases these simply reflect the wording of his sources, whether he states that he is quoting from them or not. More often, however, the types of phrasing he uses reflect conscious construction on his part. Such formulas drew attention to key people and passages in the work and so assisted in the achievement of Bede's authorial intentions in the Historia ecclesiastica. These phrases also imitated and developed previous exemplars from earlier historiography thus enabling Bede to situate and validate his work within the genre.
Transcribing the second scribe of Beowulf amid obscurity: <i> for <e> and <e> for <i>
Authors: Hall J. R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe second Beowulf scribe often begins the letter <e> with a thick downstroke as for the letter <i>, to which he adds a head and tongue sometimes thinner than the downstroke. On some damaged folios it is debatable whether a certain letter should be read as <i> itself or the remains of <e> in which the head and tongue of <e> are very obscure or simply gone. Further, on fols. 179 and 198v, a later hand, attempting to retrace obscure letters, occasionally restored a letter as <i> that the palaeographic evidence hints was once <e>. At other places the later hand restored a letter as <i> for which there is no evidence for <e> but where <e> is expected. Although the question of <i> for <e> and <e> for <i> is complex, careful study of the comparative evidence, beginning with the eighteenth-century transcripts, A and B, allows us to reach reasonable conclusions.
Philologie et racisme
Authors: Messling Markus 
Published: April 2019

RésuméLe tournant philologique dans les sciences des textes est ancré dans la critique de la théorie littéraire et la recherche de l’objectivité dans la compréhension des écrits. Mais si l’idée de se concentrer sur la structure immanente des textes a été à l’origine de la philologie moderne, les problèmes du sens et de la traduction ont produit un surplus au cours du XIXesiècle qui peut être décrit en termes d’herméneutique culturelle. Ainsi la philologie historique a considérablement élargi sa pratique pour inclure la dimension culturelle. Edward Saïd et ses disciples en ont exploré les implications en lien avec la constitution d’une hégémonie discursive européenne. Pour que le retour à la philologie ne devienne pas l’expression nostalgique du regret du déclin d’une science classique, il faut prendre ce passé en compte. Les analyses qui ont abordé ce problème ont été principalement inspirées de l’expérience d’un échec civilisationnel et ont construit un modèle de production discursive du pouvoir. Mais comment la philologie peut-elle esquisser des perspectives nouvelles dans les débats contemporains si elle néglige l’hétérogénéité de son propre discours historique? Cet article entreprend donc d’identifier et d’analyser les traces de résistance contre le modèle culturel impérial de la philologie historique.
Enhanced Photoluminescence Properties of Low-Dimensional Eu3+-Activated Y4Al2O9 Phosphor Compared to Bulk for Solid-State Lighting Applications and Latent Fingerprint Detection-Based Forensic Applications
Authors: Das Antika , Saha Subhajit , Panigrahi Karamjyoti , Ghorai Uttam Kumar , Chattopadhyay Kalyan Kumar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn recent years, nanoscale phosphors have become vital in optoelectronic applications and to understand the improved performance of nanophosphors over bulk material, detailed investigation is essential. Herein, trivalent europium-activated Y4Al2O9 phosphors were developed by solid-state reaction and solvothermal reaction methods and their performance as a function of their dimension was studied for various applications. Under 394 nm optical excitation, the photoluminescence (PL) emission, excited state lifetime of the nanophosphor, exhibits greater performance than its bulk counterpart. The homogeneous spherical structure of the nanophosphors as compared with solid lumps of bulk phosphors is the basis for almost 40% of the enhancement in nanophosphors' intense red emission compared to the bulk. Moreover, the thermal stability of the nanophosphor is much better than the bulk phosphor, which clearly indicates a key advantage of nanophosphor. The superior performance of Eu3+-doped Y4Al2O9 nanophosphors over their bulk counterparts has been demonstrated for industrial phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes and visualization of latent fingerprint.
Feasibility and sustainability of agroforestry in temperate industrialized agriculture: preliminary insights from California
Authors: Brodt Sonja B. , Fontana Nina M. , Archer Leigh F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntensive use of external inputs in specialized industrial farming systems has created significant socio-ecological externalities, including water and air pollution from nutrients and pesticides, soil erosion and depletion of carbon stocks, biodiversity loss and rising production costs. Ecological intensification is a strategy for reducing reliance on inputs by intentionally designing agroecosystems to harness biological processes and ecological relationships for the sustainable functioning of the system. Incorporating perennials and diversifying systems are two avenues for achieving ecological intensification, and both are characteristics of agroforestry. This preliminary report uses examples of agroforestry in the US state of California as a proof of concept to explore the agronomic and economic feasibility and sustainability benefits of agroforestry in intensive irrigated and temperate farming systems. An exploratory study of farmers experimenting with agroforestry systems and other agricultural professionals identified eight different variants of agroforestry systems being practiced on prime agricultural land in California, ranging from simple use of winter cover crops in orchards to multi-storied cropping systems with integrated grazing. Respondents noted benefits of reduced inputs and production costs, and better nutrient cycling, soil health and pest control. Trade-offs and challenges included increases in labor requirements and management complexity. Knowledge gaps included lack of guidance in biophysical systems design, lack of clarity about economic tradeoffs, and lack of information about ecosystem services benefits. In light of interviewees’ responses, we discuss the constraints and factors needed to foster the successful expansion of agroforestry systems in California and other regions characterized by industrialized farming.
Temporal Trends of Phosphorus Cycling in a Tropical Montane Forest in Ecuador During 14 Years
Authors: Wilcke Wolfgang , Velescu Andre , Leimer Sophia , Bigalke Moritz , Boy Jens , Valarezo Carlos 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIncreased bioavailability of P can have a negative impact on plant biodiversity. In an approximately 9‐ha catchment under N + P‐limited megadiverse tropical montane forest in Ecuador, we budgeted all major P fluxes and determined whether the P fluxes changed from 1999 to 2013. Furthermore, we assessed which external drivers (rainfall, total P and acid deposition) caused this potential change. Mean (±SD) annual P deposition (bulk+dry) was 240 ± 270 mg/m2, with the SD reflecting the interannual variation. The annual P flux to the soil via throughfall+stemflow+litterfall was 1,400 ± 170 mg/m2 of which 18 ± 9.2% was leached to below the organic layer. The mineral soil retained 80 ± 12% of the P leached from the organic layer. The mean annual P weathering rate was 79 ± 63 mg/m2. The sum of P fluxes was approximately 5 times larger above than below the mineral soil surface, illustrating that P was tightly cycled in the biological part of the forest. The mean annual canopy budget was negative (−120 ± 280 mg/m2); that is, P was leached from the canopy. Throughfall was the largest source of dissolved P. The P catchment budget (total deposition‐streamflow) was positive (200 ± 270 mg/m2); that is, P was retained, mainly in the soil organic layer. From 1999 to 2013, P fluxes with throughfall, stemflow, and streamflow increased significantly. The strongest driver of the P budgets of the canopy and the catchment was total P deposition. Our results demonstrate that mainly biological processes retained deposited P in the vegetation and the organic layer enhancing the internal P cycle.
Seismic Noise Interferometry Reveals Transverse Drainage Configuration Beneath the Surging Bering Glacier
Authors: Zhan Zhongwen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSubglacial drainage systems are known to critically control ice flows, but their spatial configuration and temporal evolution are poorly constrained due to inaccessibility. Here we report a 12‐year‐long monitoring of the drainage underneath Bering Glacier, Alaska, by correlating ambient noise recorded at two seismic stations on the sides of the glacier. We find that the seismic surface waves traveling across Bering Glacier slowed down by 1–2% during its latest 2008–2011 surge, likely due to the switch of the subglacial drainage from a channelized system to a distributed system. In contrast to current models, the relative amplitude of velocity reductions for Rayleigh and Love waves requires the distributed drainage to be highly anisotropic and aligned perpendicular to the ice flow direction. We infer that the subglacial water flow is mainly through a network of transverse basal crevasses during surges and thus can sustain the high water pressure and ice flow speed.
Two closely spaced mutations in cis result in Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy
Authors: Shimomura Hideki , Lee Tomoko , Tanaka Yasuhiko , Awano Hiroyuki , Itoh Kyoko , Nishino Ichizo , Takeshima Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA 2-year-old boy was diagnosed with Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) by muscle biopsy. COL6A3 gene analysis by next-generation sequencing revealed two heterozygous splice-site mutations (c.6283-1 G > G/T and c.6310-2 A > A/T), whereas normal mRNA was produced. Genomic DNA analysis revealed two mutations located on the same allele; however, no mutation was detected in either parent. These results indicated that two closely spaced de novo mutations resulted in the autosomal dominant UCMD.