bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypertension Awareness, Treatment, and Control in US Adults: Trends in the Hypertension Control Cascade by Population Subgroup (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2016)
Authors: Foti Kathryn , Wang Dan , Appel Lawrence J , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Examination of changes in hypertension awareness, treatment, and control (i.e., the hypertension control cascade) by population subgroup can inform targeted efforts to improve hypertension control and reduce disparities. We analyzed 1999–2016 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and examined trends across 6-year periods in hypertension awareness, treatment, and control by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. We included 39,589 participants (16,141 with hypertension). Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control increased from 1999 to 2016 among all age groups. However, there were few changes after 2010. Across all time periods, awareness, treatment, and control were higher among younger women (ages 25–44 years) than among younger men, while control was higher among older men (ages ≥65 years) than among older women. Hypertension control was persistently lower for blacks than for whites of all ages, and awareness, treatment, and control were lower among younger Hispanics. There have been few changes in hypertension awareness, treatment, and control since 2010. Disparities in hypertension control by sex highlight the need for effective interventions among younger men and older women. Concerted efforts are also needed to reduce persistent racial/ethnic disparities, particularly to improve treatment control among blacks and to further address gaps at all stages among younger Hispanics.
MsPAC: a tool for haplotype-phased structural variant detection
Authors: Rodriguez Oscar L , Ritz Anna , Sharp Andrew J , Bashir Ali 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Summary
While next-generation sequencing (NGS) has dramatically increased the availability of genomic data, phased genome assembly and structural variant (SV) analyses are limited by NGS read lengths. Long-read sequencing from Pacific Biosciences and NGS barcoding from 10x Genomics hold the potential for far more comprehensive views of individual genomes. Here, we present MsPAC, a tool that combines both technologies to partition reads, assemble haplotypes (via existing software) and convert assemblies into high-quality, phased SV predictions. MsPAC represents a framework for haplotype-resolved SV calls that moves one step closer to fully resolved, diploid genomes.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/oscarlr/MsPAC.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Call for International Leadership and Coordination to Realize the Potential of Conservation Technology
Authors: Lahoz-Monfort José J , Chadès Iadine , Davies Alasdair , Fegraus Eric , Game Edward , Guillera-Arroita Gurutzeta , Harcourt Robert , Indraswari Karlina , McGowan Jennifer , Oliver Jessica L , Refisch Johannes , Rhodes Jonathan , Roe Paul , Rogers Alex , Ward Adrian , Watson David M , Watson James E M , Wintle Brendan A , Joppa Lucas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAdvancing technology represents an unprecedented opportunity to enhance our capacity to conserve the Earth's biodiversity. However, this great potential is failing to materialize and rarely endures. We contend that unleashing the power of technology for conservation requires an internationally coordinated strategy that connects the conservation community and policy-makers with technologists. We argue an international conservation technology entity could (1) provide vision and leadership, (2) coordinate and deliver key services necessary to ensure translation from innovation to effective deployment and use of technology for on-the-ground conservation across the planet, and (3) help integrate innovation into biodiversity conservation policy from local to global scales, providing tools to monitor outcomes of conservation action and progress towards national and international biodiversity targets. This proposed entity could take the shape of an international alliance of conservation institutions or a formal intergovernmental institution. Active and targeted uptake of emerging technology can help society achieve biodiversity conservation goals.
What the Public Think about Social Services: A Report from Scotland
Authors: McCulloch Trish , Webb Stephen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article reports on findings of a government-funded research project which set out to understand what the public think about social services in Scotland. The authors were particularly keen to examine issues of legitimacy, trust and licence to operate for social services as they are framed in public perceptions. Drawing on a national online survey of 2,505 nationally representative adults, the findings provide the first and largest empirical data set on public perceptions of social services in Scotland. Data analysis occurred in two stages and employed descriptive statistical measurement and cross-tabulation analysis. The findings indicate that, overall, people in Scotland are positive about social services and the value of their impact on society. Furthermore, they believe that social services perform a valuable public role. These findings are significant for debates surrounding social services and suggest that the Scottish public has a more positive view of social services than social service workers and welfare institutions typically perceive. The findings demonstrate the need to develop a more theoretically rich understanding of the relationships between public perception, legitimacy and social licence in social services, including attention to co-productive models of engagement.
Organization of Propagated Intrinsic Brain Activity in Individual Humans
Authors: Raut Ryan V , Mitra Anish , Marek Scott , Ortega Mario , Snyder Abraham Z , Tanenbaum Aaron , Laumann Timothy O , Dosenbach Nico U F , Raichle Marcus E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Spontaneous infra-slow (&lt;0.1 Hz) fluctuations in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals are temporally correlated within large-scale functional brain networks, motivating their use for mapping systems-level brain organization. However, recent electrophysiological and hemodynamic evidence suggest state-dependent propagation of infra-slow fluctuations, implying a functional role for ongoing infra-slow activity. Crucially, the study of infra-slow temporal lag structure has thus far been limited to large groups, as analyzing propagation delays requires extensive data averaging to overcome sampling variability. Here, we use resting-state fMRI data from 11 extensively-sampled individuals to characterize lag structure at the individual level. In addition to stable individual-specific features, we find spatiotemporal topographies in each subject similar to the group average. Notably, we find a set of early regions that are common to all individuals, are preferentially positioned proximal to multiple functional networks, and overlap with brain regions known to respond to diverse behavioral tasks—altogether consistent with a hypothesized ability to broadly influence cortical excitability. Our findings suggest that, like correlation structure, temporal lag structure is a fundamental organizational property of resting-state infra-slow activity.
Quantitative In vivo MRI Assessment of Structural Asymmetries and Sexual Dimorphism of Transient Fetal Compartments in the Human Brain
Authors: Vasung Lana , Rollins Caitlin K , Yun Hyuk Jin , Velasco-Annis Clemente , Zhang Jennings , Wagstyl Konrad , Evans Alan , Warfield Simon K , Feldman Henry A , Grant P Ellen , Gholipour Ali 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Structural asymmetries and sexual dimorphism of the human cerebral cortex have been identified in newborns, infants, children, adolescents, and adults. Some of these findings were linked with cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders, which have roots in altered prenatal brain development. However, little is known about structural asymmetries or sexual dimorphism of transient fetal compartments that arise in utero. Thus, we aimed to identify structural asymmetries and sexual dimorphism in the volume of transient fetal compartments (cortical plate [CP] and subplate [SP]) across 22 regions. For this purpose, we used in vivo structural T2-weighted MRIs of 42 healthy fetuses (16.43–36.86 gestational weeks old, 15 females). We found significant leftward asymmetry in the volume of the CP and SP in the inferior frontal gyrus. The orbitofrontal cortex showed significant rightward asymmetry in the volume of CP merged with SP. Males had significantly larger volumes in regions belonging to limbic, occipital, and frontal lobes, which were driven by a significantly larger SP. Lastly, we did not observe sexual dimorphism in the growth trajectories of the CP or SP. In conclusion, these results support the hypothesis that structural asymmetries and sexual dimorphism in relative volumes of cortical regions are present during prenatal brain development.
Parechovirus A Infections in Healthy Australian Children During the First 2 Years of Life: A Community-based Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Claire Y T , Ware Robert S , Lambert Stephen B , Mhango Lebogang P , Tozer Sarah , Day Rebecca , Grimwood Keith , Bialasiewicz Seweryn 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundHospital-based studies identify parechovirus (PeV), primarily PeV-A3, as an important cause of severe infections in young children. However, few community-based studies have been published and the true PeV infection burden is unknown. We investigated PeV epidemiology in healthy children participating in a community-based, longitudinal birth cohort study.MethodsAustralian children (n = 158) enrolled in the Observational Research in Childhood Infectious Diseases (ORChID) study were followed from birth until their second birthday. Weekly stool and nasal swabs and daily symptom diaries were collected. Swabs were tested for PeV by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and genotypes determined by subgenomic sequencing. Incidence rate, infection characteristics, clinical associations, and virus codetections were investigated.ResultsPeV was detected in 1423 of 11 124 (12.8%) and 17 of 8100 (0.2%) stool and nasal swabs, respectively. Major genotypes among the 306 infection episodes identified were PeV-A1 (47.9%), PeV-A6 (20.1%), and PeV-A3 (18.3%). The incidence rate was 144 episodes (95% confidence interval, 128–160) per 100 child-years. First infections appeared at a median age of 8 (interquartile range, 6.0–11.7) months. Annual seasonal peaks changing from PeV-A1 to PeV-A3 were observed. Infection was positively associated with age ≥6 months, summer season, nonexclusive breastfeeding at age &lt;3 months, and formal childcare attendance before age 12 months. Sole PeV infections were either asymptomatic (38.4%) or mild (32.7%), while codetection with other viruses in stool swabs was common (64.4%).ConclusionsIn contrast with hospital-based studies, this study showed that diverse and dynamically changing PeV genotypes circulate in the community causing mild or subclinical infections in children.Parechovirus can cause severe illnesses in children. However, studies focus mainly on hospitalized populations. True disease burden in the community remains largely unknown. From our community-based cohort, we found diverse parechovirus genotypes in the community, causing mild or subclinical infections in children.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT01304914.
Intranasal desmopressin reduces renal biopsy-related bleeding and serum sodium levels in patients with reduced renal function
Authors: Rao Namrata S , Chandra Abhilash 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
The use of desmopressin in preventing renal biopsy-related bleeding is not established and its effects on serum sodium levels are not well studied. The study aimed to compare the bleeding complication rates between the groups with and without desmopressin use prebiopsy and to observe the effect of desmopressin on postbiopsy serum sodium levels.

Methods
In this single-center, prospective and retrospective interventional study, from June 2018 onwards, patients with serum creatinine &gt;132.6 μmol/L but not on dialysis and undergoing ultrasound-assisted needle-guided renal biopsy received 150 μg of desmopressin (D-amino D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP)) (Group II). Data from patients from June 2017 to May 2018 were included in Group I in whom desmopressin was not used. Bleeding complications were monitored by clinical and ultrasound surveillance. Serum sodium levels were checked prior to and 24 h following desmopressin in Group II.

Results
A total of 194 patients were included in the study: 105 in Group I and 89 in Group II. Group II had lower overall minor bleeding complications and perinephric hematomas than Group I (15.7% versus 31.4%, 14% versus 27% and 7.8% versus 19% in Group II and Group I, respectively, with P &lt; 0.05). Not using desmopressin and female sex were significant predictors for overall risk of bleeding on multivariate logistic regression. Serum sodium levels fell in 94% of patients in Group II. Lower prebiopsy serum sodium, higher estimated glomerular function rate and higher spot urine sodium values were associated with a greater decrease in serum sodium after desmopressin.

Conclusion
Intranasal desmopressin reduces bleeding complications during renal biopsies performed in patients with reduced renal function not requiring dialysis, albeit with a risk of developing hyponatremia.
Enhanced E. coli LF82 Translocation through the Follicle-associated Epithelium in Crohn’s Disease is Dependent on Long Polar Fimbriae and CEACAM6 expression, and Increases Paracellular Permeability
Authors: Keita Åsa V , Alkaissi Lina Yakymenko , Holm Elin B , Heil Stéphanie D S , Chassaing Benoit , Darfeuille-Michaud Arlette , McKay Derek M , Söderholm Johan D 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsPatients with Crohn’s disease [CD] harbour an increased number of adherent-invasive E. coli [AIEC]. The strain LF82, identified in the ileal mucosa of CD patients, has been extensively studied for pathogenic mechanisms. However, understanding of the interaction of LF82 with the intestinal mucosa of CD patients is lacking.MethodsHere, we investigated the importance of long polar fimbriae [LPF] type 1 pili and the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell-adhesion molecule 6 [CEACAM6] for translocation of LF82 in an in vitro model of follicle-associated epithelium [FAE], and in the FAE and villus epithelium [VE] of patients with CD and controls, using Ussing chambers.ResultsSignificantly greater LF82 passage occurred in the FAE model compared with in the VE Caco-2cl1 mono-culture. Moreover, bacterial translocation was inhibited by either LPF disruption or pre-incubation with anti-CEACAM6 antibody. Tissue mounted in Ussing chambers showed significantly higher LF82 passage in FAE from patients with CD compared with control FAE, that was diminished in LF82 lacking LPF and by blocking host CEACAM6. Interestingly, addition of LF82 to the CD FAE tissues significantly increased paracellular permeability [of 51Chromium-EDTA] compared with baseline, and the increase was inhibited by anti-CEACAM6. Immunofluorescence and immunoblots showed higher expression of CEACAM6 in FAE of patients with CD compared with in FAE from controls.ConclusionsThese data suggest that the FAE of CD patients is a site of vulnerability for invasion by LF82 via a mechanism that requires both bacterial LPF and host CEACAM6. Further, LF82 has the ability to increase paracellular passage through the FAE of patients with CD. These data can help define novel therapeutic targets in CD for the prevention of clinical recurrence.
Clonal haematopoiesis in patients with degenerative aortic valve stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Mas-Peiro Silvia , Hoffmann Jedrzej , Fichtlscherer Stephan , Dorsheimer Lena , Rieger Michael A , Dimmeler Stefanie , Vasa-Nicotera Mariuca , Zeiher Andreas M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Aims
Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), defined as the presence of an expanded somatic blood cell clone without other haematological abnormalities, was recently shown to increase with age and is associated with coronary artery disease and calcification. The most commonly mutated CHIP genes, DNMT3A and TET2, were shown to regulate inflammatory potential of circulating leucocytes. The incidence of degenerative calcified aortic valve (AV) stenosis increases with age and correlates with chronic inflammation. We assessed the incidence of CHIP and its association with inflammatory blood cell phenotypes in patients with AV stenosis undergoing transfemoral aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Methods and results
Targeted amplicon sequencing for DNMT3A and TET2 was performed in 279 patients with severe AV stenosis undergoing TAVI. Somatic DNMT3A- or TET2-CHIP-driver mutations with a VAF ≥ 2% were detected in 93 out of 279 patients (33.3%), with an age-dependent increase in the incidence from 25% (55–69 years) to 52.9% (90–100 years). Patients with DNMT3A- or TET2-CHIP-driver mutations did not differ from patients without such mutations in clinical parameters, concomitant atherosclerotic disease, blood cell counts, inflammatory markers, or procedural characteristics. However, patients with DNMT3A- or TET2-CHIP-driver mutations had a profoundly increased medium-term all-cause mortality following successful TAVI. Differential myeloid and T-cell distributions revealed pro-inflammatory T-cell polarization in DNMT3A-mutation carriers and increased pro-inflammatory non-classical monocytes in TET2-mutation carriers.

Conclusion
This is the first study to show that acquired somatic mutations in the most commonly mutated CHIP-driver genes occur frequently in patients with severe degenerative AV stenosis, are associated with increased pro-inflammatory leucocyte subsets, and confer a profound increase in mortality following successful TAVI.
Paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty vs. drug-eluting stenting for the treatment of coronary in-stent restenosis: a comprehensive, collaborative, individual patient data meta-analysis of 10 randomized clinical trials (DAEDALUS study)
Authors: Giacoppo Daniele , Alfonso Fernando , Xu Bo , Claessen Bimmer E P M , Adriaenssens Tom , Jensen Christoph , Pérez-Vizcayno María J , Kang Do-Yoon , Degenhardt Ralf , Pleva Leos , Baan Jan , Cuesta Javier , Park Duk-Woo , Schunkert Heribert , Colleran Roisin , Kukla Pavel , Jiménez-Quevedo Pilar , Unverdorben Martin , Gao Runlin , Naber Christoph K , Park Seung-Jung , Henriques José P S , Kastrati Adnan , Byrne Robert A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Gene Fusions Derived by Transcriptional Readthrough are Driven by Segmental Duplication in Human
Authors: McCartney Ann M , Hyland Edel M , Cormican Paul , Moran Raymond J , Webb Andrew E , Lee Kate D , Hernandez-Rodriguez Jessica , Prado-Martinez Javier , Creevey Christopher J , Aspden Julie L , McInerney James O , Marques-Bonet Tomas , O’Connell Mary J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Gene fusion occurs when two or more individual genes with independent open reading frames becoming juxtaposed under the same open reading frame creating a new fused gene. A small number of gene fusions described in detail have been associated with novel functions, for example, the hominid-specific PIPSL gene, TNFSF12, and the TWE-PRIL gene family. We use Sequence Similarity Networks and species level comparisons of great ape genomes to identify 45 new genes that have emerged by transcriptional readthrough, that is, transcription-derived gene fusion. For 35 of these putative gene fusions, we have been able to assess available RNAseq data to determine whether there are reads that map to each breakpoint. A total of 29 of the putative gene fusions had annotated transcripts (9/29 of which are human-specific). We carried out RT-qPCR in a range of human tissues (placenta, lung, liver, brain, and testes) and found that 23 of the putative gene fusion events were expressed in at least one tissue. Examining the available ribosome foot-printing data, we find evidence for translation of three of the fused genes in human. Finally, we find enrichment for transcription-derived gene fusions in regions of known segmental duplication in human. Together, our results implicate chromosomal structural variation brought about by segmental duplication with the emergence of novel transcripts and translated protein products.
The perioperative period: a critical yet neglected time window for reducing the recurrence risk of endometriosis?
Authors: Guo Sun-Wei , Martin Dan C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
While surgery is commonly the management of symptomatic endometriosis when patients do not respond to medical or supportive therapy, recurrence after surgery poses a serious challenge, and repeat surgery increases the risk of premature ovarian failure, adhesion and organ injury. Conceivably, the recurrent endometriotic lesions could arise from minimal residual lesions (MRLs) or from de novo lesions. However, several lines of evidence suggest that the former is more likely. So far, most, if not all, efforts to combat recurrence have been focused on postoperative medication of hormonal drugs to reduce recurrence risk through lesional dormancy and possibly atrophy. However, the perioperative period may exert a disproportionally high impact on the risk of recurrence; it is likely to be amendable for possible intervention but has been generally neglected. Indeed, many perioperative factors are known to or conceivably could facilitate the recurrence of endometriosis through the suppression of cell-mediated immunity due to the activation of adrenergic signaling and the release of prostaglandins. Perioperative use of β-blockers and/or nuclear factor κB/jCycloxygenase 2 (NF-κB/COX-2) inhibitors may boost the cell-mediated immunity suppressed by surgery, resulting in the partial or even complete removal of MRLs and reduced recurrence risk. This is both biologically plausible and supported by a recent experimental study. We call for more research on possible perioperative interventions to reduce the recurrence risk of endometriosis. The potential payoff might be a substantial reduction in the risk of recurrence and cost when compared with the traditional approach of postoperative intervention.
Generalizations of Stillman’s Conjecture via Twisted Commutative Algebra
Authors: Erman Daniel , Sam Steven V , Snowden Andrew 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCombining recent results on Noetherianity of twisted commutative algebras by Draisma and the resolution of Stillman’s conjecture by Ananyan–Hochster, we prove a broad generalization of Stillman’s conjecture. Our theorem yields an array of boundedness results in commutative algebra that only depend on the degrees of the generators of an ideal and not the number of variables in the ambient polynomial ring.