bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The moderating role of arousal on the seductive detail effect in a multimedia learning setting
Authors: Schneider Sascha , Wirzberger Maria , Rey Günter Daniel 
Published: October 2018

SummaryArousal has been found to increase learners' attentional resources. In contrast, seductive details (interesting but learning‐irrelevant information) are considered to distract attention away from relevant information and, thus, hinder learning. However, a possibly moderating role of arousal on the seductive detail effect has not been examined yet. In this study, arousal variations were induced via audio files of false heartbeats. In consequence, 100 participants were randomly assigned to a 2 (with or without seductive details) × 2 (lower vs. higher false heart rates) between‐subjects design. Data on learning performance, cognitive load, motivation, heartbeat frequency, and electro‐dermal activity were collected. Results show learning‐inhibiting effects for seductive details and learning‐enhancing effects for higher false heart rates. Cognitive processes mediate both effects. However, the detrimental effect of seductive details was not present when heart rate was higher. Results indicate that the seductive detail effect is moderated by a learner's state of arousal.
Mesoporous Organosilica Hollow Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Teng Zhaogang , Li Wei , Tang Yuxia , Elzatahry Ahmed , Lu Guangming , Zhao Dongyuan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHollow periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) with molecularly homogeneous organic functional groups in the inorganic pore walls are attracting more and more attention due to the high surface areas, tunable pore sizes, low densities, large cavities in the center, permeable thin shells, and versatile organic–inorganic hybrid frameworks, which make them promising in a variety of applications including adsorption, catalysis, drug delivery, and nanotheranostics. Herein, recent advances in the synthesis of hollow PMO nanoparticles with various organic moieties are summarized, and the mechanism and new insights of synthesis approaches, including hard‐core templating methods, liquid‐interface assembly methods, and the interfacial reassembly and transformation strategy are discussed in‐depth. Meanwhile, the design principles, properties, and synthetic strategies for some smart hollow architectures such as multishelled hollow PMOs, yolk–shell structured PMOs, and nonspherical hollow PMOs are discussed. Moreover, the typical applications of hollow PMO nanomaterials as nanoreactors for chemical transformations and nanoplatforms for biomedicine are summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects for the future development of hollow PMOs are described.
Single‐Source Bismuth (Transition Metal) Polyoxovanadate Precursors for the Scalable Synthesis of Doped BiVO4 Photoanodes
Authors: Lu Haijiao , Andrei Virgil , Jenkinson Kellie J. , Regoutz Anna , Li Ning , Creissen Charles E. , Wheatley Andrew E. H. , Hao Hongxun , Reisner Erwin , Wright Dominic S. , Pike Sebastian D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSingle‐source precursors are used to produce nanostructured BiVO4 photoanodes for water oxidation in a straightforward and scalable drop‐casting synthetic process. Polyoxometallate precursors, which contain both Bi and V, are produced in a one‐step reaction from commercially available starting materials. Simple annealing of the molecular precursor produces nanocrystalline BiVO4 films. The precursor can be designed to incorporate a third metal (Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn), enabling the direct formation of doped BiVO4 films. In particular, the Co‐ and Zn‐doped photoanodes show promise for photoelectrochemical water oxidation, with photocurrent densities >1 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Using this simple synthetic process, a 300 cm2 Co‐BiVO4 photoanode is produced, which generates a photocurrent of up to 67 mA at 1.23 V vs RHE and demonstrates the scalability of this approach.
Rationally Designed DNA‐Origami Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery In Vivo
Authors: Jiang Qiao , Liu Shaoli , Liu Jianbing , Wang Zhen‐Gang , Ding Baoquan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe recent decades have seen a surge of new nanomaterials designed for efficient drug delivery. DNA nanotechnology has been developed to construct sophisticated 3D nanostructures and artificial molecular devices that can be operated at the nanoscale, giving rise to a variety of programmable functions and fascinating applications. In particular, DNA‐origami nanostructures feature rationally designed geometries and precise spatial addressability, as well as marked biocompatibility, thus providing a promising candidate for drug delivery. Here, the recent successful efforts to employ self‐assembled DNA‐origami nanostructures as drug‐delivery vehicles are summarized. The remaining challenges and open opportunities are also discussed.
A Programmed Anti‐Inflammatory Nanoscaffold (PAIN) as a 3D Tool to Understand the Brain Injury Response
Authors: Maclean Francesca L. , Ims Georgina M. , Horne Malcolm K. , Williams Richard J. , Nisbet David R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractImmunology is the next frontier of nano/biomaterial science research, with the immune system determining the degree of tissue repair. However, the complexity of the inflammatory response represents a significant challenge that is essential to understand for the development of future therapies. Cell‐instructive 3D culture environments are critical to improve our understanding of the link between the behavior and morphology of inflammatory cells and to remodel their response to injury. This study has taken two recent high‐profile innovations—functional peptide‐based hydrogels, and the inclusion of anti‐inflammatory agents via coassembly—to make a programmed anti‐inflammatory nanoscaffold (PAIN) with unusual and valuable properties that allows tissue‐independent switching of the inflammatory cascade. Here, extraordinary durability of the anti‐inflammatory agent allows, for the first time, the development of a 3D culture system that maintains the growth and cytoskeletal reorganization of brain tissue, while also facilitating the trophic behavior of brain cells for 22 d in vitro. Notably, this behavior was confirmed within an active scar site due to the unprecedented resilience to the presence of inflammatory cells and enzymes in the brain. Efficacy of the culture system is demonstrated via novel insights about inflammatory cell behavior, which would be impossible to obtain via in vivo experimentation.
Plasmon‐Polariton Induced, “from Surface” RAFT Polymerization, as a Way toward Creation of Grafted Polymer Films with Thickness Precisely Controlled by Self‐Limiting Mechanism
Authors: Erzina Mariia , Guselnikova Olga , Postnikov Pavel , Elashnikov Roman , Kolska Zdenka , Miliutina Elena , Švorčík Václav , Lyutakov Oleksiy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPlasmon‐induced “from surface” reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization is reported for the first time. The gold grating surface, supporting the surface plasmon polariton excitation and propagation, is grafted with RAFT agent, immersed in the solution, containing the NIPAm monomer and AIBN and subsequently illuminated at a wavelength corresponding to plasmon absorption. The grafting of the polymer layer, its thickness, and morphology are characterized by several techniques (including the surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nanomechanical atomic force microscopy (AFM) mapping, and goniometry). It is shown that the polymerization efficiently starts only under the surface plasmon‐polariton excitation. The time‐dependent SERS and XPS measurements indicate rather self‐limiting nature of plasmon‐induced “from the surface” PNIPAm growth, namely the reaction takes place up to a certain polymer thickness and is stopped despite a significant excess of polymerization initiator and monomer in the reaction solution. The present results provide the basis for designing further experiments on plasmonic catalysis in general and offer a new way of producing ultrathin polymer films with a defined structural dimension.
[OSSO]‐Type Fe(III) Metallate as Single‐Component Catalyst for the CO2 Cycloaddition to Epoxides
Authors: Della Monica Francesco , Buonerba Antonio , Paradiso Veronica , Milione Stefano , Grassi Alfonso , Capacchione Carmine 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA new [OSSO]‐Fe(III) metallate complex was prepared and characterized. We demonstrated that such metallate is the real catalytic active species for the cycloaddition of CO2 to the epoxides, formed from the in situ reaction of the related [OSSO]‐Fe(III) neutral complexes and tetrabutylammonium bromide. The metallate complex was used as a single component catalyst for the formation of cyclic organic carbonates from ten epoxides and CO2 at 1 bar pressure with good activity.magnified image
Control of Interface Defects for Efficient and Stable Quasi‐2D Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Nickel Oxide Hole Injection Layer
Authors: Lee Seungjin , Kim Da Bin , Hamilton Iain , Daboczi Matyas , Nam Yun Seok , Lee Bo Ram , Zhao Baodan , Jang Chung Hyeon , Friend Richard H. , Kim Ji‐Seon , Song Myoung Hoon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMetal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as promising materials for light‐emitting diodes owing to their narrow emission spectrum and wide range of color tunability. However, the low exciton binding energy in MHPs leads to a competition between the trap‐mediated nonradiative recombination and the bimolecular radiative recombination. Here, efficient and stable green emissive perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) with an external quantum efficiency of 14.6% are demonstrated through compositional, dimensional, and interfacial modulations of MHPs. The interfacial energetics and optoelectronic properties of the perovskite layer grown on a nickel oxide (NiOx) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate hole injection interfaces are investigated. The better interface formed between the NiOx/perovskite layers in terms of lower density of traps/defects, as well as more balanced charge carriers in the perovskite layer leading to high recombination yield of carriers are the main reasons for significantly improved device efficiency, photostability of perovskite, and operational stability of PeLEDs.
Controlling Intermolecular Interactions at Interfaces: Case of Supramolecular Tuning of Fullerene's Electronic Structure
Authors: Das Saunak , Preiß Julia , Plentz Jonathan , Brückner Uwe , von der Lühe Moritz , Eckardt Oliver , Dathe Andre , Schacher Felix H. , Täuscher Eric , Ritter Uwe , Csáki Andrea , Andrä Gudrun , Dietzek Benjamin , Presselt Martin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt is demonstrated that systematic and designated control of supramolecular nanostructures via interfacial engineering enables (opto)electronic C60‐material properties to be widely adjusted. Interestingly, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies of the same amphiphilic fullerene species are tuned up to 120 meV using supramolecular assembly, competitive to complete molecular change; cf. PC61BM to PC71BM causes a change of 200 meV. Morphology control is achieved through different thin‐film production techniques involving molecular assembly at interfaces, including liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation (LLIP), and Langmuir–Blodgett technique at air–water interface. LLIP enables supramolecularly ordered extended surfaces, yielding the least electronically stable LUMO (ELUMO = −4.28 eV). After qualitatively explaining the observed electrochemical LUMO energy variation for these assemblies with varied molecular packing and aggregate dimensions, an analytical equation is proposed, connecting morphological parameters with LUMO energies with prospects in supramolecular chemistry. To demonstrate the applicability of supramolecular structure–electronic property relations and of supramolecular structure fabrication protocols established in this work to tailor device properties, amorphous‐Si/fullerene hybrid solar cells are built and characterized. It is found that the supramolecular structure variation can be successfully translated to the solar cells, giving rise to a prototype linear relation between LUMO energy and open‐circuit voltage.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor interruptions, discontinuations and switching in patients with chronic‐phase chronic myeloid leukemia in routine clinical practice: SIMPLICITY
Authors: Hehlmann Rüdiger , Cortes Jorge E. , Zyczynski Teresa , Gambacorti‐Passerini Carlo , Goldberg Stuart L. , Mauro Michael J. , Michallet Mauricette , Simonsson Bengt , Williams Loretta A. , Gajavelli Srikanth , DeGutis Irene , Sen Ginny P. , Paquette Ron L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSIMPLICITY (NCT01244750) is an observational study exploring tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) use and management patterns in patients with chronic phase‐chronic myeloid leukemia in the US and Europe in routine clinical practice. Herein we describe interruptions, discontinuations and switching of TKI therapy during the initial 2 years of treatment among 1121 patients prospectively enrolled between October 1, 2010 and March 7, 2017. Patient characteristics were broadly similar between the imatinib (n = 370), dasatinib (n = 376), and nilotinib (n = 375) cohorts. Treatment interruptions occurred in 16.4% (year 1) and 4.0% (year 2) of patients, mainly attributed to hematologic intolerances. Treatment discontinuations occurred in 21.8% (year 1) and 10.2% (year 2) of patients, with the highest rate within the first 3 months for intolerance. Switching of TKI was seen in 17.8% (year 1) and 9.5% (year 2) of patients. Significant associations were found between TKI switching and female gender (year 1), age ≥65 years at diagnosis (year 2) and treatment with imatinib (year 2). Intolerance was the most common reason given for patients discontinuing and for switching TKI therapy; however resistance was also cited. Lack of response monitoring in routine clinical practice may have resulted in lower identification of resistance in this dataset. Data from SIMPLICITY suggest that, in routine clinical practice, intolerance and resistance to TKIs influence decisions to change treatment. Changes in TKI therapy are frequent, with nearly a third of patients discontinuing their first‐line TKI.
Using micro computed tomography to investigate a fetal mummy with possible situs inversus: A case report
Authors: Schanandore James V. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesComputed tomography (CT) is commonly used to noninvasively examine mummified remains, but can have resolution limitations when analyzing smaller mummified specimens, such as fetal mummies. This short report determines if the enhanced resolution of micro CT improves the anatomical analysis of mummified fetal anatomy.MethodsA fetal mummy from an anatomical collection was scanned by a micro CT at a resolution of 0.08 mm slice thickness. The mummy was also scanned at a resolution of 0.6 mm slice thickness to mimic the approximate minimum resolution of a conventional CT scanner. The anatomy was virtually reconstructed at both resolutions to compare anatomical detail for determining sex, gestation, and the presence of congenital/ pathological conditions.ResultsThe anatomical reconstructions based on the micro CT were significantly more detailed than the conventional CT data. This resulted in improved identification of sex and the presence of a congenital/ pathological condition.ConclusionMicro CT should be considered when examining fetal mummies, because of the enhanced resolution resulting in improve anatomical analysis.
Decision rule approach applied to estimate occupational lead exposure in a case‐control study of kidney cancer
Authors: Callahan Catherine L. , Locke Sarah J. , Dopart Pamela J. , Stewart Patricia A. , Schwartz Kendra , Ruterbusch Julie J. , Graubard Barry I. , Rothman Nathaniel , Hofmann Jonathan N. , Purdue Mark P. , Friesen Melissa C. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundWe developed a systematic, data‐driven approach to estimate metrics of occupational exposure to lead to aid in epidemiologic analyses in a case‐control study of kidney cancer.MethodsProbability of exposure to ten lead sources was assigned using decision rules developed from an extensive literature review and expert judgement. For jobs with >50% probability of exposure, we assigned source‐specific frequency based on subjects’ self‐reported task frequencies or means of subjects’ job‐groups and source‐specific intensity estimates of blood lead (μg/dL).ResultsIn our study, 18.7% of employed person‐years were associated with high (≥80%) probability of exposure to any lead source. The most common medium (>50%) or high probability source of lead exposure was leaded gasoline (2.5% and 11.5% of employed person‐years, respectively). The median blood lead attributed to occupational exposure was 3.1 μg/dL.ConclusionsThese rules can aid in future studies after population‐specific adaption for geographic differences and different exposure scenarios.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Cascade Synthesis of Functionalized Isoquinolines
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Lin , Dong Lin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA highly efficient Rh(III)‐catalyzed one‐pot reaction for the synthesis of functionalized α‐carbonyl isoquinolines from 2H‐imidazoles and alkenes has been successfully developed. This type of structure is constructed by using a transition‐metal‐catalyzed cascade: C−H bond activation, alkenylation, annulation, and hydrolysis.
Association between lymphocyte count and neurological outcomes in post‐cardiac arrest patients treated with mild therapeutic hypothermia
Authors: Miyatake Hidemitsu , Fujino Kazunori , Tanaka Sachiko , Tsujita Yasuyuki , Horie Minoru , Eguchi Yutaka 
Published: October 2018

AimTo examine lymphocyte counts as a predictive prognostic marker in patients with coma after cardiac arrest.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated patients with coma after cardiac arrest admitted to the intensive care unit of Shiga University of Medical Science (Otsu, Japan). Lymphocyte counts were measured for 6 days from admission. Neurological outcome was assessed as favorable or unfavorable using cerebral performance categories. Associations between lymphocyte count and prognosis were investigated using multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsForty‐six patients were assessed from February 2012 to December 2016. Survivors had significantly higher lymphocyte counts than non‐survivors on days 2 and 5. Multivariate analysis showed that lymphocyte count was not associated with 90‐day mortality. Patients with favorable neurological outcome at discharge had significantly higher lymphocyte counts on days 2–6 than patients with unfavorable outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, including possible confounders, showed that lymphocyte counts on days 2–4 and 6 were associated with neurological outcome (day 2: odds ratio [OR] = 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.58–0.97, P = 0.029; day 3: OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.47–0.98, P = 0.04; day 4: OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.16–1.00, P = 0.05; day 6: OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.48–0.99, P = 0.046). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated high accuracy for predicting neurological outcome for each lymphocyte count on days 2–6 using the area under the curve, day 4 values being most accurate (day 2: 0.776, day 3: 0.787, day 4: 0.909, day 5: 0.774, day 6: 0.839).ConclusionLymphocyte counts on days 2–4 and 6 after cardiac arrest are associated with neurological outcome; counts on day 4 most accurately predict neurological outcome.
Enantioselective Cobalt(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation Enabled by Chiral Carboxylic Acid Cooperation
Authors: Pesciaioli Fabio , Dhawa Uttam , Oliveira João C. A. , Yin Rongxin , John Michael , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe enantioselective cobalt(III)‐catalyzed C−H alkylation was achieved through the design of a novel chiral acid. The cobalt(III)‐catalyzed enantioselective C−H activation was characterized by high position‐, regio‐ and enantio‐control under exceedingly mild reaction conditions. Thereby, the robust cooperative cobalt(III) catalysis proved tolerant of valuable electrophilic functional groups, including hydroxyl, bromo, and iodo substituents. Mechanistic studies revealed a considerable additive effect on kinetics and on a negative non‐linear‐effect.
Eine elektrophile Brom‐Redoxkatalyse zur Synthese von Alkaloidbausteinen durch selektive aliphatische C‐H‐Aminierung
Authors: Bergès Julien , García Belén , Muñiz Kilian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEine neue homogene Brom(−I/I)‐Redoxkatalyse wird beschrieben, die auf monomeren Brom(I)‐Verbindungen mit übertragbaren Phthalimidatogruppen basiert. Diese Katalysatoren ermöglichen intermolekulare C‐H‐Aminierungen an zuvor nicht zugänglichen aliphatischen Positionen und erweitern somit das Synthesepotenzial der direkten C‐N‐Bindungsbildung einschließlich ihrer Anwendung in der Synthese von Alkaloidbausteinen. Dieser Aspekt wird anhand eines neuen synthetischen Zugangs zu Aspidospermidin demonstriert. Neben der Katalyseentwicklung wurden die Strukturen der beteiligten Brom(I)‐Schlüsselkatalysatoren vollständig, auch mit Röntgenstrukturanalysen, aufgeklärt.
Highly Enantiospecific Borylation for Chiral α‐Amino Tertiary Boronic Esters
Authors: Qi Qingqing , Yang Xuena , Fu Xiaoping , Xu Shiqing , Negishi Ei‐ichi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHerein we report a highly efficient and enantiospecific borylation method to synthesize a wide range of enantiopure (>99 % ee) α‐amino tertiary boronic esters. The configurationally stable α‐N‐Boc substituted tertiary organolithium species and pinacolborane (HBpin) underwent enantiospecific borylation at −78 °C with the formation of a new stereogenic C−B bond. This reaction has a broad scope, enabling the synthesis of various α‐amino tertiary boronic esters in excellent yields and, importantly, with universally excellent enantiospecificity (>99 % es) and complete retention of configuration.
A Tailored DNA Nanoplatform for Synergistic RNAi‐/Chemotherapy of Multidrug‐Resistant Tumors
Authors: Liu Jianbing , Song Linlin , Liu Shaoli , Zhao Shuai , Jiang Qiao , Ding Baoquan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in the clinical treatment of cancer. Herein, a facile strategy is reported to construct a versatile DNA nanostructure as a co‐delivery vector of RNA interference (RNAi) and chemodrugs to combat multidrug‐resistant tumor (MCF‐7R) in vitro and in vivo. In the tailored nanocarrier, two linear small hairpin RNA (shRNA) transcription templates targeting MDR‐associated genes (gene of P‐glycoprotein, a typical drug efflux pump; and gene of survivin, a representative anti‐apoptotic protein) are precisely organized in the chemodrug (doxorubicin, DOX) pre‐loaded DNA origami. With the incorporation of active targeting and controlled‐release elements, these multifunctional DNA nanocarriers can successfully enter the target MCF‐7R cells and synergistically inhibit tumor growth without apparent systemic toxicity. This tailored DNA nanoplatform, which combines RNAi therapy and chemotherapy, provides a new strategy for the treatment of multidrug‐resistant tumors.