bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis and Fungicidal Activities of Novel 1,2,3‐Triazole Functionalized Strobilurins
Authors: Li Yuanxiang , Lei Sufang , Liu Yilin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA series of new strobilurin derivatives bearing different 1,2,3‐triazole side chains were designed and synthesized. The target compounds were characterized by HRMS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectra. Among them, the structure of compound 5q was confirmed by X‐ray single crystal diffraction. All of the target compounds were evaluated in vitro for their fungicidal activity against Gibberella zeae, Phytophythora capsici, Alternaria alternate, Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotonia sclerotiorum at a concentration of 25 mg/L. The bio‐assay results exhibited that some of them showed moderate to good fungicidal activity against Phytophythora capsici and Alternaria alternate. The inhibition rates of compound 5f and 5g were up to 73.6% against Phytophythora capsic, which were significantly higher than 42.5% for Difenoconazole. Preliminary structure‐activity relationships (SAR) were also discussed.
Nanoporous ZnO Supported CuBr (CuBr/ZnO): An Efficient Catalyst for CO2 Fixation Reactions
Authors: Chowdhury Arpita Hazra , Kayal Utpal , Chowdhury Ipsita Hazra , Ghosh Swarbhanu , Islam Sk. Manirul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTwo very important catalytic transformations for CO2 in recent years are terminal alkyne carboxylation and amine formylation. Hydrothermal and impregnation methods have been used to produce nanoporous ZnO and CuBr/ZnO materials respectively. The materials are characterized by different characterization methods like PXRD, FTIR, FESEM, TEM, TG‐DTA and EDAX. The CuBr/ZnO material showed flowerlike morphology with nanoporous nature and also showed excellent catalytic activity towards synthesis of different propiolic acids and N‐formylated amines under 1 atmospheric pressure of CO2 at gentle reaction conditions with selectively high yields for the desired products. The CuBr/ZnO material showed good recycling efficiency as a promising and cheap heterogeneous catalyst upto 5 reaction cycles with negligible amount of catalyst deactivation for both the reactions.
Human Multipotent Stromal Cell Secreted Effectors Accelerate Islet Regeneration
Authors: Kuljanin Miljan , Elgamal Ruth M. , Bell Gillian I. , Xenocostas Anargyros , Lajoie Gilles A. , Hess David A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Human multipotent stromal cells (hMSC) can induce islet regeneration after transplantation via the secretion of proteins that establish an islet regenerative niche. However, the identity of hMSC-secreted signals and the mechanisms by which pancreatic islet regeneration is induced remain unknown. Recently, mammalian pancreatic α-cells have been shown to possess considerable plasticity, and differentiate into β-like cells after near complete β-cell loss or overexpression of key transcriptional regulators. These studies have generated new excitement that islet regeneration during diabetes may be possible if we can identify clinically applicable stimuli to modulate these key regulatory pathways. Herein, we demonstrate that intrapancreatic-injection of concentrated hMSC-conditioned media (CM) stimulated islet regeneration without requiring cell transfer. hMSC CM-injection significantly reduced hyperglycemia, increased circulating serum insulin concentration, and improved glucose tolerance in streptozotocin-treated mice. The rate and extent of endogenous β-cell mass recovery was dependent on total protein dose administered and was further augmented by the activation of Wnt-signaling using GSK3-inhibition during CM generation. Intrapancreatic hMSC CM-injection immediately set in motion a cascade of regenerative events that included the emergence of proliferating insulin+ clusters adjacent to ducts, NKX6.1 expression in glucagon+ cells at days 1–4 suggesting the acquisition of β-cell phenotype by α-cells, and accelerated β-cell maturation with increased MAFA-expression for &gt;1 month postinjection. Discovery and validation of islet regenerative hMSC-secreted protein may lead to the development of cell-free regenerative therapies able to tip the balance in favor of β-cell regeneration versus destruction during diabetes. Stem Cells 2019;37:516–528
Can Classical Location Theory Apply to Sea Space?
Authors: Zaucha Jacek 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn economics, maritime/marine spatial planning (MSP) can be classified as a public choice mechanism designed to alleviate market failure. As such, MSP should ensure rational use or conservation of sea space in situations where the market cannot deliver optimal solutions. In this chapter, both market and public choice mechanisms for allocating sea space are discussed. The final conclusion is that both are closely interrelated. MSP cannot neglect market forces; however, the market itself is unable to allocate space to issues considered important from a societal point of view, such as nature conservation, defence or non-use of the sea.
Projecting the demographic impact of Syrian migration in a rapidly ageing society, Germany
Authors: Newsham Niall , Rowe Francisco 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTrends of persistent low fertility and increasing life expectancy have set Germany to undergo rapid population ageing and decline. In the context of the Syrian refugee crisis, immigration has been considered as a key mechanism to combat these demographic outlooks. This study assesses the demographic impact of Syrian migration into Germany. Deterministic and Bayesian probabilistic projection methods are used to determine the contribution of Syrian migrants to aggregate total fertility rate and the likelihood of subsequent population growth. Findings reveal that Syrian migration is projected to increase German period total fertility but not by the required levels to prevent depopulation. Whilst Syrian migration into Germany has been substantial over the past few years, fertile female cohorts are largely underrepresented in the migrant population and so only a moderate net-effect of Syrian migrants on German fertility is forecasted. A solution to Germany’ population decline may thus not be offered through Syrian migration, with depopulation projected to be a likely scenario.
Developments in Information Technology and the Sexual Depression of Japanese Youth since 2000
Authors: Hirayama Maki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn Japan more young people became sexually inactive in 2000s, especially since around 2005.On the other hand, Internet and digital technology were spread in the same period. In this paper, five phases of Internet and digital technology are investigated to realize what happened to the sexuality of Japanese youth associated with the technology: e-mail and SNS, online pornography, fantasy world of Otaku leisure, dating sites and applications, sexual service industry. Online pornography of extreme contents and strong stimuli with completely male-centered vision overflew in the 2000s. With the influence, both men and women have got difficulties in having real sex. Animations and games to satisfy the romantic needs and libidos of the youth gained popularity in 2000s,to overwhelm real romance and sex. In the last part, the need of cross-cultural comparative studies on technology and sexuality is insisted.
Generalized Lambert series and arithmetic nature of odd zeta values
Authors: Dixit Atul , Maji Bibekananda 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt is pointed out that the generalized Lambert series $\sum\nolimits_{n = 1}^\infty {[(n^{N-2h})/(e^{n^Nx}-1)]} $ studied by Kanemitsu, Tanigawa and Yoshimoto can be found on page 332 of Ramanujan's Lost Notebook in a slightly more general form. We extend an important transformation of this series obtained by Kanemitsu, Tanigawa and Yoshimoto by removing restrictions on the parameters N and h that they impose. From our extension we deduce a beautiful new generalization of Ramanujan's famous formula for odd zeta values which, for N odd and m > 0, gives a relation between ζ(2m + 1) and ζ(2Nm + 1). A result complementary to the aforementioned generalization is obtained for any even N and m ∈ ℤ. It generalizes a transformation of Wigert and can be regarded as a formula for ζ(2m + 1 − 1/N). Applications of these transformations include a generalization of the transformation for the logarithm of Dedekind eta-function η(z), Zudilin- and Rivoal-type results on transcendence of certain values, and a transcendence criterion for Euler's constant γ.
Impacts of Wetland Reclamation and Paddy Field Expansion on Observed Local Temperature Trends in the Sanjiang Plain of China
Authors: Liu Tingxiang , Yu Lingxue , Zhang Shuwen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe warming or cooling effects on regional climate in response to early land use change may be strengthened, weakened, or eliminated by the same or opposite effect in the subsequent land use/management period. Taking the Sanjiang Plain in China as our study area, this paper analyzed the surface temperature change due to land use/land management changes from the mid‐1950s to 2015, based on the land surface temperature response model and the observation minus reanalysis (OMR) method using remote sensing data, meteorological observation data, and reanalysis data. Results revealed a magnitude of monthly mean land surface warming up to 1.31 °C due to the land use change from wetland to rain‐fed farmland and a cooling effect of −1.32 °C caused by the land management change from rain‐fed farmland to paddy fields during the growing season. The trends were confirmed using OMR method. Land surface temperature change based on remote sensing data was divided into radiative and nonradiative forcing. The nonradiative processes play a dominant role in regulating the local surface temperature. The monthly mean temperature differences in response to land use changes differ greatly during the growing season. The temperature difference was greater in May and June (spring) than in July and August (summer). Our study shows that the land use impact on regional climate could be switched dramatically, and it would be basically consistent with the impact of natural wetlands before reclamation in our study area right now, which provides important information for mitigating and adapting to global climate change at regional scale.
Resistance to Flow on a Sloping Channel Covered by Dense Vegetation following a Dam Break
Authors: Melis Mattia , Poggi Davide , Fasanella Giovanni, Oscar Domenico , Cordero Silvia , Katul Gabriel G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe effect of hydraulic resistance on the downstream evolution of the water surface profile h in a sloping channel covered by a uniform dense rod canopy following the instantaneous collapse of a dam was examined using flume experiments. Near the head of the advancing wavefront, where h meets the rods, the conventional picture of a turbulent boundary layer was contrasted to a distributed drag force representation. The details of the boundary layer around the rod and any interferences between rods were lumped into a drag coefficient Cd. The study demonstrated the following: In the absence of a canopy, the Ritter solution agreed well with the measurements. When the canopy was represented by an equivalent wall friction as common when employing Manning's formula with constant roughness, it was possible to match the measured wavefront speed but not the precise shape of the water surface profile. However, upon adopting a distributed drag force with a constant Cd, the agreement between measured and modeled h was quite satisfactory at all positions and times. The measurements and model calculations suggested that the shape of h near the wavefront was quasilinear with longitudinal distance for a constant Cd. The computed constant Cd(≈0.4) was surprisingly much smaller than the Cd(≈1) reported in uniform flow experiments with staggered cylinders for the same element Reynolds number. This finding suggested that drag reduction mechanisms associated with unsteadiness, nonuniformity, transient waves, and other flow disturbances were more likely to play a role when compared to conventional sheltering effects.
Bond percolation in coloured and multiplex networks
Authors: Kryven Ivan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPercolation in complex networks is a process that mimics network degradation and a tool that reveals peculiarities of the network structure. During the course of percolation, the emergent properties of networks undergo non-trivial transformations, which include a phase transition in the connectivity, and in some special cases, multiple phase transitions. Such global transformations are caused by only subtle changes in the degree distribution, which locally describe the network. Here we establish a generic analytic theory that describes how structure and sizes of all connected components in the network are affected by simple and colour-dependent bond percolations. This theory predicts locations of the phase transitions, existence of wide critical regimes that do not vanish in the thermodynamic limit, and a phenomenon of colour switching in small components. These results may be used to design percolation-like processes, optimise network response to percolation, and detect subtle signals preceding network collapse.
Podocyte GSK3 is an evolutionarily conserved critical regulator of kidney function
Authors: Hurcombe J. A. , Hartley P. , Lay A. C. , Ni L. , Bedford J. J. , Leader J. P. , Singh S. , Murphy A. , Scudamore C. L. , Marquez E. , Barrington A. F. , Pinto V. , Marchetti M. , Wong L.-F. , Uney J. , Saleem M. A. , Mathieson P. W. , Patel S. , Walker R. J. , Woodgett J. R. , Quaggin S. E. , Welsh G. I. , Coward R. J. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlbuminuria affects millions of people, and is an independent risk factor for kidney failure, cardiovascular morbidity and death. The key cell that prevents albuminuria is the terminally differentiated glomerular podocyte. Here we report the evolutionary importance of the enzyme Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3) for maintaining podocyte function in mice and the equivalent nephrocyte cell in Drosophila. Developmental deletion of both GSK3 isoforms (α and β) in murine podocytes causes late neonatal death associated with massive albuminuria and renal failure. Similarly, silencing GSK3 in nephrocytes is developmentally lethal for this cell. Mature genetic or pharmacological podocyte/nephrocyte GSK3 inhibition is also detrimental; producing albuminuric kidney disease in mice and nephrocyte depletion in Drosophila. Mechanistically, GSK3 loss causes differentiated podocytes to re-enter the cell cycle and undergo mitotic catastrophe, modulated via the Hippo pathway but independent of Wnt-β-catenin. This work clearly identifies GSK3 as a critical regulator of podocyte and hence kidney function.
LC3/GABARAPs drive ubiquitin-independent recruitment of Optineurin and NDP52 to amplify mitophagy
Authors: Padman Benjamin Scott , Nguyen Thanh Ngoc , Uoselis Louise , Skulsuppaisarn Marvin , Nguyen Lan K. , Lazarou Michael 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCurrent models of selective autophagy dictate that autophagy receptors, including Optineurin and NDP52, link cargo to autophagosomal membranes. This is thought to occur via autophagy receptor binding to Atg8 homologs (LC3/GABARAPs) through an LC3 interacting region (LIR). The LIR motif within autophagy receptors is therefore widely recognised as being essential for selective sequestration of cargo. Here we show that the LIR motif within OPTN and NDP52 is dispensable for Atg8 recruitment and selectivity during PINK1/Parkin mitophagy. Instead, Atg8s play a critical role in mediating ubiquitin-independent recruitment of OPTN and NDP52 to growing phagophore membranes via the LIR motif. The additional recruitment of OPTN and NDP52 amplifies mitophagy through an Atg8-dependent positive feedback loop. Rather than functioning in selectivity, our discovery of a role for the LIR motif in mitophagy amplification points toward a general mechanism by which Atg8s can recruit autophagy factors to drive autophagosome growth and amplify selective autophagy.
Medial geniculate body and primary auditory cortex differentially contribute to striatal sound representations
Authors: Chen Liang , Wang Xinxing , Ge Shaoyu , Xiong Qiaojie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe dorsal striatum has emerged as a key region in sensory-guided, reward-driven decision making. A posterior sub-region of the dorsal striatum, the auditory striatum, receives convergent projections from both auditory thalamus and auditory cortex. How these pathways contribute to auditory striatal activity and function remains largely unknown. Here we show that chemogenetic inhibition of the projections from either the medial geniculate body (MGB) or primary auditory cortex (ACx) to auditory striatum in mice impairs performance in an auditory frequency discrimination task. While recording striatal sound responses, we find that transiently silencing the MGB projection reduced sound responses across a wide-range of frequencies in striatal medium spiny neurons. In contrast, transiently silencing the primary ACx projection diminish sound responses preferentially at the best frequencies in striatal medium spiny neurons. Together, our findings reveal that the MGB projection mainly functions as a gain controller, whereas the primary ACx projection provides tuning information for striatal sound representations.
Ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulates cardioprotection and the proliferative activity in the adult zebrafish heart
Authors: Bise Thomas , de Preux Charles Anne-Sophie , Jaźwińska Anna 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUnlike mammals, adult zebrafish can regenerate their hearts after injury via proliferation of cardiomyocytes. The cell-cycle entry of zebrafish cardiac cells can also be stimulated through preconditioning by thoracotomy, a chest incision without myocardial damage. To identify effector genes of heart preconditioning, we performed transcriptome analysis of ventricles from thoracotomized zebrafish. This intervention led to enrichment of cardioprotective factors, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition genes, matrix proteins and components of LIFR/gp130 signaling. We identified that inhibition of the downstream signal transducer of the LIFR/gp130 pathway through treatment with Ruxolitinib, a specific JAK1/2 antagonist, suppressed the cellular effects of preconditioning. Activation of LIFR/gp130 signaling by a single injection of the ligand Cilliary Neurotrophic Factor, CNTF, was sufficient to trigger cardiomyocyte proliferation in the intact heart. In addition, CNTF induced other pro-regenerative processes, including expression of cardioprotective genes, activation of the epicardium, enhanced intramyocardial Collagen XII deposition and leucocyte recruitment. These effects were abrogated by the concomitant inhibition of the JAK/STAT activity. Mutation of the cntf gene suppressed the proliferative response of cardiomyocytes after thoracotomy. In the regenerating zebrafish heart, CNTF injection prior to ventricular cryoinjury improved the initiation of regeneration via reduced cell apoptosis and boosted cardiomyocyte proliferation. Our findings reveal the molecular effectors of preconditioning and demonstrate that exogenous CNTF exerts beneficial regenerative effects by rendering the heart more resilient to injury and efficient in activation of the proliferative programs.
Hypoculoside, a sphingoid base-like compound from Acremonium disrupts the membrane integrity of yeast cells
Authors: Alfatah Mohammad , Wong Jin Huei , Nge Choy Eng , Kong Kiat Whye , Low Kia Ngee , Leong Chung Yan , Crasta Sharon , Munusamy Madhaiyan , Chang Amanda Mun Leng , Hoon Shawn , Ng Siew Bee , Kanagasundaram Yoganathan , Arumugam Prakash 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe have isolated Hypoculoside, a new glycosidic amino alcohol lipid from the fungus Acremonium sp. F2434 belonging to the order Hypocreales and determined its structure by 2D-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy. Hypoculoside has antifungal, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. Homozygous profiling (HOP) of hypoculoside in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) revealed that several mutants defective in vesicular trafficking and vacuolar protein transport are sensitive to hypoculoside. Staining of budding yeast cells with the styryl dye FM4-64 indicated that hypoculoside damaged the vacuolar structure. Furthermore, the propidium iodide (PI) uptake assay showed that hypoculoside disrupted the plasma membrane integrity of budding yeast cells. Interestingly, the glycosidic moiety of hypoculoside is required for its deleterious effect on growth, vacuoles and plasma membrane of budding yeast cells.
Tissue acidosis does not mediate the hypoxia selectivity of [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] in the isolated perfused rat heart
Authors: Baark Friedrich , Shaughnessy Fiona , Pell Victoria R. , Clark James E. , Eykyn Thomas R. , Blower Philip , Southworth Richard 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCopper-64-Diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] is a hypoxia-targeting PET tracer with applications in oncology and cardiology. Upon entering a hypoxic cell, [64Cu][Cu(II)(ATSM)] is reduced to a putative [64Cu][Cu(I)(ATSM)]− species which dissociates to deposit radiocopper, thereby providing hypoxic contrast. This process may be dependent upon protonation arising from intracellular acidosis. Since acidosis is a hallmark of ischemic tissue and tumors, the hypoxia specificity of [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] may be confounded by changes in intracellular pH. We have therefore determined the influence of intracellular pH on [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] pharmacokinetics. Using isolated perfused rat hearts, acidosis was induced using an ammonium pre-pulse method, with and without hypoxic buffer perfusion. Cardiac [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] pharmacokinetics were determined using NaI detectors, with intracellular pH and cardiac energetics monitored in parallel by 31P NMR. To distinguish direct acidotic effects on tracer pharmacokinetics from acidosis-induced hypocontractility, parallel studies used lidocaine perfusion to abolish cardiac contraction. Hypoxic myocardium trapped [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] despite no evidence of it being acidotic when characterised by 31P NMR. Independent induction of tissue acidosis had no direct effect on [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] pharmacokinetics in either normoxic or hypoxic hearts, beyond decreasing cardiac oxygen consumption to alleviate hypoxia and decrease tracer retention, leading us to conclude that tissue acidosis does not mediate the hypoxia selectivity of [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)].
The nature of collective excitations and their crossover at extreme supercritical conditions
Authors: Wang L. , Yang C. , Dove M. T. , Mokshin A. V. , Brazhkin V. V. , Trachenko K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPhysical properties of an interacting system are governed by collective excitations, but their nature at extreme supercritical conditions is unknown. Here, we present direct evidence for propagating solid-like longitudinal phonon-like excitations with wavelengths extending to interatomic separations deep in the supercritical state at temperatures up to 3,300 times the critical temperature. We observe that the crossover of dispersion curves develops atkpoints reducing with temperature. We interpret this effect as the crossover from the collective phonon to the collisional mean-free path regime of particle dynamics and find that the crossover points are close to both the inverse of the shortest available wavelength in the system and to the particle mean free path inferred from experiments and theory. Notably, both the shortest wavelength and mean free path scale with temperature with the same power law, lending further support to our findings.