bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lomustine chemotherapy for the treatment of presumptive haemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma in Flat‐coated Retrievers
Authors: Elliott J 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe Flat‐coated Retriever (FCR) is a breed at‐risk for histiocytic sarcoma (HS). A haemophagocytic form of HS (HPHS) occurs in the spleen ± other sites such as bone marrow, and is a CD11d+ disease of macrophage origin. Patients with HPHS typically present with regenerative anaemia. Lomustine is a well‐accepted, first‐line chemotherapy for dogs with HS, but its specific utility in dogs with HPHS has not been previously reported.MethodsA cohort of 10 dogs presumptively diagnosed with HPHS via splenic ± bone marrow or liver aspiration cytology were treated with lomustine, plus supportive medications as required. Cytology of liver and bone marrow was diagnostically useful in patients where splenic cytology was less convincing.ResultsNo dogs experienced significant constitutional or gastrointestinal adverse effects following lomustine administration, though most dogs displayed clinical signs associated with the underlying disease. No patients appeared to derive discernible clinical benefit from chemotherapy. Neutropenia was a common adverse effect of lomustine. Concurrent medications included corticosteroids in all cases, prior to the diagnosis of HPHS, for a provisional diagnosis of immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia. Median survival time of the treated dogs was 24 days from diagnosis (range, 4–67 days).ConclusionsHPHS affecting FCRs appears to have a uniformly poor outcome and is rapidly fatal. Lomustine chemotherapy was unsuccessful in significantly improving outcome in this cohort of patients. Further study of this rare and devastating disease is needed.
Metronidazole‐induced neurotoxicity in 26 dogs
Authors: Tauro A , Beltran E , Cherubini GB , Coelho AT , Wessmann A , Driver CJ , Rusbridge CJ 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundMetronidazole is an antibacterial, antiprotozoal and anthelmintic medication commonly used in veterinary medicine. We describe cases of neurotoxicity associated with the drug’s administration.MethodsMedical records between 2004 and 2017 from four veterinary referral hospitals were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were the presence of neurological signs compatible with metronidazole toxicity, clinical history supporting recent metronidazole therapy and resolution of clinical signs upon discontinuation of metronidazole administration.ResultsA total of 26 dogs were identified with clinical signs supporting a diagnosis of metronidazole toxicity. Median age at presentation was 7.2 years (range, 0.1–12 years); median duration of treatment was 35 days (range, 5–180 days); median treatment dosage was 21 mg/kg BID (range, 13–56 mg/kg every 12 h); median resolution of the clinical signs upon discontinuation of metronidazole was 3 days (range, 1–26 days). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was performed in 19 cases and only one dog had brain lesions affecting the dentate nuclei, which resembled the MRI appearance of this disease in humans.ConclusionsWe found evidence of neurotoxicity in dogs at much lower doses than previously reported and we suggest caution when administering metronidazole at doses > 40 mg/kg every 24 h, regardless of the duration of the treatment.
Occupational Regulation in the European Union: Coverage and Wage Effects
Authors: Koumenta Maria , Pagliero Mario 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe present the first EU‐wide study on the prevalence and labour market impact of occupational regulation in the European Union. Drawing on a new EU Survey of Regulated Occupations, we find that licensing affects about 22 per cent of workers in the European Union, although there is significant variability across member states and occupations. On average, licensing is associated with a 4 per cent higher hourly wage. Using decomposition techniques we show that rent capture accounts for one‐third of this effect and the remainder is attributed to signalling. We find considerable heterogeneity in the wage gains by occupation and level of educational attainment. Finally, occupational licensing increases wage inequality. After accounting for composition effects, licensing increases the standard deviation of wages by about 0.02 log points.
Effects of Occupational Licensing and Unions on Labour Market Earnings in Canada
Authors: Zhang Tingting 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUsing longitudinal data from the Canadian Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics from 1999 to 2011, the article compares the pay and benefits of licensed and unionized workers. In a cross section of respondents and using ordinary least squares estimates, it finds a pay premium of 0.155 log points for those with an occupational licence compared to those without one; the comparable union wage premium is slightly more than half, that is 0.085 log points. Fixed‐effects estimates go in the opposite direction (0.028 and 0.046 log points for licensing and unionization, respectively), suggesting the existence of unobservable factors correlated with licensing and union status. Unionized workers are more likely to access standard benefits, such as medical insurance and pension plans, but licensed workers benefit little from their licensing status in access to benefits. Finally, union workers are significantly less likely to receive incentive pay, such as profit sharing, while the association between occupational licensing and incentive pay is close to zero and statistically insignificant.
886. NICOTIANA FAUCICOLA
Authors: Chase Mark W. , Conran John G. , Christenhusz Maarten J. M. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryNicotiana faucicola is newly described and illustrated from plants collected in the Flinders Ranges of South Australia and cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Its discovery, ecology, cytology and cultivation are discussed.
888. NICOTIANA GOSSEI
Authors: Chase Mark W. , Christenhusz Maarten J. M. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryNicotiana gossei is the preferred species of Nicotiana used for chewing by native Australians. It was previously a widely traded commodity. We here describe and illustrate this formerly economically important species from plants collected in the Northern Territory of Australia and cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Its ecology, traditional uses, cytology and cultivation are discussed.
Increase of scabies in Germany and development of resistant mites? Evidence and consequences
Authors: Sunderkötter Cord , Aebischer Anton , Neufeld Matthias , Löser Christoph , Kreuter Alexander , Bialek Ralf , Hamm Henning , Feldmeier Hermann 
Published: November 2018

SummaryScabies has been diagnosed surprisingly frequently in Germany in recent years, and the use of acaricides has risen markedly. Present figures indicate an increase in the prevalence/incidence of scabies, but do not prove or quantify it for the following reasons: (a) scabies is not a notifiable disease in Germany; (b) the diagnosis is not always confirmed lege artis by means of light microscopy or dermatoscopy (which may lead to a comparatively high proportion of false‐positive diagnoses due to the low overall prevalence of scabies); (c) repeated treatments of the same patient and treatment of contact persons are included in the total number of prescriptions. Therefore, there are no valid data on disease occurrence, either in the current situation or from previous periods.Observations of ineffective treatment with permethrin have led to speculations that Sarcoptes mites are developing resistance to this drug. However, there is little evidence for this assumption.We discuss risk groups (children, elderly people in need of care, migrant health personnel in nursing institutions, refugees, sexually active young adults) and evaluate their possible contribution, albeit in the absence of evidence. None of the groups would be solely responsible for an increased frequency.We have compiled recommendations on how the management of scabies could be improved, and present a way of differentiating permethrin resistance from application errors and/or lack of compliance. The goal is to solve the epidemiological and parasitological questions mentioned above.
Genetic Polymorphism of the CCK Gene in Patients With Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms
Authors: Okubo Takehito , Harada Shoji , Higuchi Susumu , Matsushita Sachio 
Published: November 2018

Background: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is considered to play an important role in the central nervous system via its interaction with other neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, gamma‐aminobutyric acid, substance P, and enkephalins. We investigated the relationship between the C to T substitution in the Spl binding cis‐element of the CCK gene promoter region (at position −45 numbered from initiation codon) and alcohol withdrawal symptoms.Methods: We examined 214 Japanese men with alcoholism (93 with delirium tremens, 49 with hallucination, 38 with seizure, and 93 with none of these symptoms) and 98 age‐matched Japanese male controls by using a polymerase chain reaction‐based single strand conformational polymorphism analysis.Results: Patients who displayed hallucination were significantly more likely to possess the C allele than control subjects (X2 = 8.17, p = 0.017, Bonferroni correction: p = 0.064). In addition, we investigated the influence of CCK gene polymorphism on alcohol consumption among the control subjects but found no significant relationship.Conclusions: Our data suggested that the C allele at −45 locus of the CCK gene was higher in patients with hallucination than the control group at a rate that was not quite significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing.
Michaelis‐Menten Elimination Kinetics of Acetate During Ethanol Oxidation
Authors: Fujimiya Tatsuya , Li Yu‐Jiang , Ohbora Yumiko 
Published: November 2018

Background: The redistribution of acetate cannot be explained using a linear kinetic model. We studied the pharmacokinetics of acetate during ethanol oxidation in the rabbit.Methods: An ethanol saline solution (0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 g/kg) was injected bolus intravenously. We measured blood ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetate concentrations by using head‐space gas chromatography.Results: Blood acetate concentration changed in three phases: an ascending, a plateau, and a declining phase. The first‐order rate constant of the declining phase was smaller than that of the ascending phase and decreased dose dependently. Statistical moment analysis of the blood acetate profiles showed that the normalized area under the curve (AUC/Dose) and the mean residence time (MRT) increased with increasing dose amount. These increases suggest a capacity‐limited elimination of acetate. We attempted simultaneous multiline fitting, using the three blood acetate disappearance curves, to determine the pharmacokinetic model. Consequently, the blood acetate profile was best described by a Michaelis‐Menten elimination kinetic model. The Vmax and Km values of acetate elimination were 40.80 ± 14.10 mM/hr and 0.47 ± 0.19 mM, respectively. The fraction of a dose of ethanol converted to acetate (fAcA) was calculated to be 0.54. The estimated values are average parameter values of three different doses. Fitted curves suggest smaller fAcA at a low dose and larger fAcA at a higher dose, which indicate increases of accumulation and redistribution of acetate at higher doses.Conclusions: Acetate elimination during ethanol oxidation obeys capacity‐limited kinetics.
Identification of 7‐Hydroperoxycholesterol in Human Liver by Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Adachi Junko , Asano Migiwa , Ueno Yasuhiro , Naito Takeaki 
Published: November 2018

Background: A liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry with an atmospheric chemical ionization interface has been developed to identify simultaneously various oxygenated cholesterols in lipid extracts from alcoholic fatty liver.Methods: We collected human liver tissues from alcoholic and control subjects at autopsy. We purified the lipid extracts with solid phase extraction and injected them onto a spherisorb ODS column, by using methanol that contained 10 mM ammonium acetate as a mobile phase and a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min.Results: We found the presence of 7‐hydroperoxycholesterol and other oxysterols (5‐cholesten‐3β‐ol‐7‐one, cholest‐5‐ene‐3β, 7‐diol, and 5, 6β‐epoxy‐5β‐cholestan‐3β‐ol) in alcoholic fatty liver tissues.Conclusions: We assume that long‐term ethanol ingestion leads to excessive oxidative stress and to the accumulation of cholesterol‐derived hydroperoxides and oxysterols in alcoholic fatty liver.
A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief motivational intervention to improve exclusive breastfeeding rates: Study protocol
Authors: Franco‐Antonio Cristina , Calderón‐García Julián Fernando , Vilar‐López Raquel , Portillo‐Santamaría Mónica , Navas‐Pérez Juan Francisco , Cordovilla‐Guardia Sergio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimsTo estimate the effectiveness of a brief motivational intervention (BMI) in increasing the duration of exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months postpartum. A complementary aim was to examine a potential mediating role of breastfeeding self‐efficacy in the effectiveness of the BMI.BackgroundBreastfeeding is associated with benefits for babies and mothers’ health. Among the pool of techniques used to encourage healthy behaviours, BMI is highlighted based on the principles of motivational interviewing. One of the main components of these interventions is the promotion of self‐efficacy, which, in fact, is a key factor for breastfeeding success.DesignA multi‐centre randomized controlled clinical trial of parallel groups.MethodsWomen who begin to breastfeed in the first hour after birth will be randomly assigned to the intervention group (receiving a BMI at immediate postpartum plus a telephone booster at the 1st and 3rd month postpartum) or the control group (receiving standard breastfeeding education at the same time). Outcome measures include the following: breastfeeding, breastfeeding self‐efficacy, general self‐efficacy, and postnatal depression. Data will be collected before the intervention and at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th month after birth. The study protocol has been approved by Badajoz Ethics Committee of Clinical Research in October 2017.DiscussionThis study will identify the effectiveness of BMI in improving exclusive breastfeeding rates. The findings will give useful evidence to health professionals about how to support breastfeeding.ImpactThis study will address the low‐exclusive breastfeeding rates, that in our country are far lower than World Health Organization's recommendation.
Neotropical frogs and mating songs: The evolution of advertisement calls in glassfrogs
Authors: Escalona Sulbarán Moisés D. , Ivo Simões Pedro , Gonzalez‐Voyer Alejandro , Castroviejo‐Fisher Santiago 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAnurans emit advertisement calls with the purpose of attracting mates and repelling conspecific competitors. The evolution of call traits is expected to be associated with the evolution of anatomical and behavioural traits due to the physics of call emission and transmission. The evolution of vocalizations might imply trade‐offs with other energetically costly behaviours, such as parental care. Here, we investigated the association between body size, calling site, parental care and call properties (call duration, number of notes, peak frequency, frequency bandwidth and call structure) of the advertisement calls of glassfrogs (Centrolenidae)—a family of Neotropical, leaf‐dwelling anurans—using phylogenetic comparative methods. We also explored the tempo and mode of evolution of these traits and compared them with those of three morphological traits associated with body size, locomotion and feeding. We generated and compiled acoustic data for 72 glassfrog species (46% of total species richness), including representatives of all genera. We found that almost all acoustic traits have significant, but generally modest, phylogenetic signal. Peak frequency of calls is significantly associated with body size, whereas call structure is significantly associated with calling site and paternal care. Thus, the evolution of body size, calling site and paternal care could constrain call evolution. The estimated disparity of acoustic traits was larger than that of morphological traits and the peak in disparity of acoustic traits generally occurred later in the evolution of glassfrogs, indicating a historically recent outset of the acoustic divergence in this clade.
Sexual dimorphism modifies habitat‐associated divergence: Evidence from beach and creek breeding sockeye salmon
Authors: Oke Krista B. , Motivans Elena , Quinn Thomas P. , Hendry Andrew P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStudies of parallel or convergent evolution (the repeated, independent evolution of similar traits in similar habitats) rarely explicitly quantify the extent of parallelism (i.e. variation in the direction and/or magnitude of divergence) between the sexes; instead, they often investigate both sexes together or exclude one sex. However, differences in male and female patterns of divergence could contribute to overall variation in the extent of parallelism among ecotype pairs, especially in sexually dimorphic traits. Failing to properly attribute such variation could lead to underestimates of the importance of environmental variation in shaping phenotypes. We investigate the extent of parallelism in the body shape of male and female beach and creek spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from two lake systems in western Alaska that were colonized independently after the last ice age. Although both sexes showed some degree of parallelism, patterns of beach‐creek body shape divergence vary between the sexes and between lake systems. Phenotypic change vector analyses revealed highly parallel aspects of divergence between males from different lake systems (males from beaches had deeper bodies than males from creeks) but weaker parallelism in females and high parallelism between the sexes in one lake system but not the other. Body shape also had population‐specific components, which were mostly, but not entirely, explained by environmental variation in the form of creek depth. Our results highlight the importance of explicitly considering the extent of parallelism between the sexes and environmental variation among sites within habitat types.
Outcome and potentially modifiable risk factors for candidemia in critically ill burns patients: A matched cohort study
Authors: Dudoignon Emmanuel , Alanio Alexandre , Anstey James , Depret François , Coutrot Maxime , Fratani Alexandre , Jully Marion , Cupaciu Alexandru , Chaussard Maïté , Oueslati Haikel , Ferry Axelle , Benyamina Mourad , de Tymowski Christian , Boccara David , Serror Kevin , Chaouat Marc , Mimoun Maurice , Lafaurie Matthieu , Denis Blandine , Gits‐Muselli Maud , Bretagne Stephane , Mebazaa Alexandre , Legrand Matthieu , Soussi Sabri ,   For the PRONOBURN group
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundPatients with extensive burns are at risk of developing candidemia.ObjectivesTo identify potentially modifiable risk factors and outcomes of candidemia in critically ill burns patients.Patients and MethodsRetrospective matched cohort study including adult burns patients. Patients who developed candidemia were matched with burns patients with Candida spp colonisation and sepsis or septic shock without candidemia in a ratio of 1:3 (same severity scores and colonisation index). Univariate and multiple regression analyses were performed.ResultsOf 130 severely burned patients with Candida spp colonisation and at least one episode of sepsis or septic shock, 14 were diagnosed with candidemia. In the candidemia group, patients had a median (IQR) total burns surface area (TBSA) of 57 (38‐68)%, SAPSII of 43 (36‐58) and ABSI of 11 (8‐13). Multiple regression analysis showed that only duration of prior antibiotic therapy was independently associated with candidemia. ICU mortality was higher in the candidemia group (71% vs 35% [P = 0.02]). The log‐rank test for 28‐day mortality comparing patients with candidemia treated with an empirical strategy vs a curative strategy did not reach significance (P = 0.056).ConclusionsBurns patients having received recent antibiotherapy have a higher risk of candidemia. Antifungal strategies did not influence outcome in this series.
Unity and conflict: Explaining financial industry lobbying success in European Union public consultations
Authors: Chalmers Adam W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article examines the contingent nature of financial industry lobbying power in the context of the policy formation stage of six European Commission regulatory proposals. I argue that lobbying success is a function of how well finance is able to speak with a unified voice. Building on existing studies, I examine industry unity as explicit preference alignment between actors but also in terms of actors abstaining from stating preferences. Staying silent on an issue sends signals to policymakers about issue saliency and industry support. Using a novel dataset derived from document coding and interviews, I examine the impact of industry unity on lobbying success in shaping six financial regulatory proposals in the context of the European Union. My findings show that lobbying success is partially contingent on the extent to which finance is united behind a common position. Critically, however, lobbying success is also related to the nature of that position, whether supporting the proposal or whether in favor of strengthening or weakening regulatory stringency.
Learning Simple Spatial Terms: Core and More
Authors: Landau Barbara 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHow do children learn the meanings of simple spatial prepositions likeinandon? In this paper, I argue that children come to spatial term learning with an a priori conceptual distinction between core versus non‐core concepts of containment and support, and that they learn how language maps onto this distinction by considering both the simple prepositions and the company they keep—that is, the distributions of their co‐occurrences with particular verbs. Core types of containment and support are largely expressed byin/ontogether with the light verbBE; non‐core types are expressed by lexical verbs such asinsert,hang,stick, and so on, which represent the specific mechanical means by which containment or support is achieved. These latter types arguably depend on extensive learning about the particular mechanisms of containment and support, many of which are invented by humans, as well as learning the specific lexical verbs that encode these mechanisms. The core versus non‐core distinction is reflected in young children's and adults' linguistic descriptions of different spatial configurations, via different distributions of expression types across different configurations. Differences between children and adults are not likely to be rooted in either conceptual or semantic differences, but rather, in the probabilistic nature of available expressions, along with early limits on children's vocabulary of lexical verbs that express complex mechanical relationships between objects.