bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated chemical imaging identification of illegal drugs in correctional facilities mail
Authors: Schweitzer Robert C. , Treado Patrick J. , Olkhovyk Oksana , Zbur Lucas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe current opioid epidemic represents a significant health and security threat. This epidemic has affected correctional facilities with an increased smuggling of illicit drugs concealed in envelopes, letters, greeting cards, and business cards to inmates. Short‐wave infrared chemical imaging sensors are being successfully applied to the automated, high confidence detection of drugs concealed in prison mail. Once detected, end users have a need to confirm the detection and to identify the specific drug being detected. The challenge for identification is that the spectral signature of the concealed drug is often convolved with the spectral signature of the piece of mail (substrate) in which the drug is concealed. This paper presents a method to remove the substrate signal from the substrate/drug mixture signal followed by a set of 3 spectral identification methods. The substrate signature is estimated by a region of interest that is spatially local to the detection, and linear unmixing uses this substrate signature to calculate the residual spectra in the detection pixels. These residual spectra represent the isolated drug spectra, and they are compared with a spectral drug library via Euclidean distance, target factor analysis, and adaptive cosine estimator methods. This methodology was applied to a set of 116 positive‐ and negative‐control samples spanning a range of drugs and concealment methods with the result that 90 of the 104 positive‐control samples were identified correctly (86.5%) and 0 of the 12 negative‐control samples were incorrectly identified as a drug in the library (0%).
Unconventional Synthesis of a CuI Rotaxane with a Superacceptor Stopper: Ultrafast Excited‐State Dynamics and Near‐Infrared Luminescence
Authors: Trolez Yann , Finke Aaron D. , Silvestri Fabio , Monti Filippo , Ventura Barbara , Boudon Corinne , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Schweizer W. Bernd , Sauvage Jean‐Pierre , Armaroli Nicola , Diederich François 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA CuI bis‐phenanthroline rotaxane was prepared by using the [2+2] cycloaddition‐retroelectrocyclization (CA‐RE) reaction to graft a bulky dicyanoquinodimethane (DCNQ) stopper. The electronic properties were investigated with electrochemical and photophysical techniques, in parallel with three reference compounds, namely, the DCNQ derivative alone, the DCNQ‐based phenanthroline ligand, and an analogue CuI complex lacking the DCNQ moiety. In all the systems containing the DCNQ unit, the lowest electronic excited states are centered thereon, with the singlet level (S1) located at about 1.0 eV, as suggested by TDDFT calculations. Accordingly, in the DCNQ‐equipped rotaxane, the typical metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer luminescence of the CuI center is totally quenched. Ultrafast transient absorption and emission studies show that, in the rotaxane, the final sink of photoinduced processes is the lowest singlet state of the DCNQ moiety (S1), which exhibits strong charge‐transfer character and a lifetime of 0.4 ps. Its deactivation leads to population of another excited state with a lifetime of 1.3 ps, which can be the related triplet state (T1) or a vibrationally hot level (hot‐S0). Notably, S1 also shows stimulated fluorescence in the near‐infrared (NIR) region between 1100 and 1500 nm, corroborating the TDDFT prediction. This unusual finding opens up the study of ultrashort‐lived NIR luminescence in organic donor–acceptor systems.
Exploration of Novel Chemical Space: Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation of N‐Functionalized Tertiary Sulfonimidamides
Authors: Izzo Flavia , Schäfer Martina , Lienau Philip , Ganzer Ursula , Stockman Robert , Lücking Ulrich 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn unprecedented set of structurally diverse sulfonimidamides (47 compounds) has been prepared by various N‐functionalization reactions of tertiary =NH sulfonimidamide 2 aa. These N‐functionalization reactions of model compound 2 aa include arylation, alkylation, trifluoromethylation, cyanation, sulfonylation, alkoxycarbonylation (carbamate formation) and aminocarbonylation (urea formation). Small molecule X‐ray analyses of selected N‐functionalized products are reported. To gain further insight into the properties of sulfonimidamides relevant to medicinal chemistry, a variety of structurally diverse reaction products were tested in selected in vitro assays. The described N‐functionalization reactions provide a short and efficient approach to structurally diverse sulfonimidamides which have been the subject of recent, growing interest in the life sciences.
Three‐month posttreatment prostate‐specific antigen level as a biomarker of treatment response in patients with intermediate‐risk or high‐risk prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy and radiotherapy
Authors: Bryant Alex K. , D'Amico Anthony V. , Nguyen Paul L. , Einck John P. , Kane Christopher J. , McKay Rana R. , Simpson Daniel R. , Mundt Arno J. , Murphy James D. , Rose Brent S. 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUNDProstate‐specific antigen (PSA) measurement after definitive radiotherapy (RT) and androgen deprivation therapy for localized prostate cancer has been proposed as an early prognostic biomarker. In the current study, the authors investigated the association between 3‐month post‐RT PSA level and biochemical progression‐free survival (bPFS), prostate cancer‐specific survival (PCSS), and overall survival (OS).METHODSA total of 5783 patients with intermediate‐risk or high‐risk localized prostate cancer who were diagnosed between 2000 and 2015 and treated with RT and androgen deprivation therapy were identified from Veterans Affairs data. Patients were divided into groups based on 3‐month post‐RT PSA values: <0.10 ng/mL, 0.10 to 0.49 ng/mL, and ≥0.50 ng/mL. The effect of the 3‐month PSA group on bPFS, PCSS, and OS was evaluated in multivariable Cox models adjusting for potential confounders.RESULTSThere were 2651 patients with intermediate‐risk and 3132 with high‐risk disease; approximately 11% had a 3‐month PSA level of ≥0.50 ng/mL. A higher 3‐month PSA level was found to be strongly associated with each outcome; compared with patients in the group with a 3‐month PSA value <0.10 ng/mL, the authors noted greater hazards for the patients with a 3‐month PSA value ≥0.50 ng/mL (hazard ratio for bPFS: 5.23; PCSS: 3.97; and OS: 1.50 [P<.001 for all]) and the patients with a 3‐month PSA value of 0.10 to 0.49 ng/mL (hazard ratio for bPFS: 2.41 [P<.001]; PCSS: 2.29 [P<.001]; and OS: 1.21 [P = .003]). When analyzed separately, the 3‐month PSA level was found to be predictive of OS in the high‐risk group (P<.001) but not the intermediate‐risk group (P = .21).CONCLUSIONSThe 3‐month post‐RT PSA level appears to be a strong prognostic biomarker for bPFS, PCSS, and OS in patients with intermediate‐risk and high‐risk prostate cancer, particularly those with high‐risk disease. The 3‐month PSA measurement may augment clinical decision making and holds promise as a potential surrogate endpoint in clinical trials. Cancer 2018;124:2939‐47. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
A generic methodology for geo‐related data semantic annotation
Authors: Malik Kaleem Razzaq , Habib Muhammad Asif , Khalid Shehzad , Ahmad Mudassar , Alfawair Mai , Ahmad Awais , Jeon Gwanggil 
Published: May 2018

SummaryGeo‐related data, also known as spatial data, is represented using a vector used for representing longitude, elevation, and latitude. Specially built systems, well known as Geographical Information Systems (GIS), made use of such data for querying, manipulating, navigation, and analyzing. In the current era of data, science needs to involve smart interactive investigation involving Internet of Data (IoD) on predicting upcoming changes and spatial updates on the map is growing rapidly. To resolve issues concerning real‐time spatial data, transformation using semantic annotation can provide a better way to translate spatial relationships. These spatial relationships will support spatial analysis by linking different cause and effect with the help of reasoning mechanism. This research's major focus is on a data transformation methodology for geo‐related semantic annotation. Spatial dataset gets stored in a database and then transformed into Extensible Markup Language (XML) and Resource Description Framework (RDF). Even for bi‐directional transformation to work properly, we need to map different schema level transformations. A deep research is conducted to consider available mappings, implementations, and updates to further improving data fusion for having better compatibility. Then, transformed data as results get analyzed and discussed based on the data mapping rules formulated. It is aimed to show the importance of reducing the response time of investigation and offer compatibility between the web and semantically enriched spatial data.
Generation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Defined, Feeder‐Free Reprogramming System
Authors: Park Seonmi , Mostoslavsky Gustavo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer great opportunities for the study of human development and disease modeling and have enormous potential for use in future clinical cell‐based therapies. However, most current systems to create hiPSCs often expose the cells to animal feeder layers or xenogeneic reagents; this raises safety concerns about using hiPSC‐derived cells for therapeutic purposes. Here, we describe protocols to generate hiPSCs without exposing the cells to xenogeneic materials that uses a defined, feeder‐free reprogramming system. With this method, we were able to successfully reprogram not only patient‐derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells but also amniocytes from the amniotic fluid of stillborn fetuses using two independent reprogramming platforms. Importantly, hiPSCs generated in this fashion expressed pluripotent markers and had normal karyotypes. The protocols allowed us to generate and culture hiPSCs under Good Manufacturing Practice–like conditions, a necessary step for the future clinical application of these cells. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fifth‐order Π‐type load resonant converters analysis based‐on immittance property for constant output current applications
Authors: Khoshsaadat Alireza , Moghani Javad Shokrollahi , Ehsanipour Mansour 
Published: May 2018

SummaryPassive resonant tanks (PRTs) with immittance property are suitable candidates to achieve constant output current in load resonant converters (LRCs). In this paper, fifth‐order Π‐type LC networks are investigated to accede this target. At the first step, fifth‐order Π‐type passive LC networks that can be applied as a PRT are specified based on source and sink natures. Also, their structural advantages are described in detail to give a suitable perspective for the topology selection. At the second step, immittance property is verified for the proposed topologies and immittance PRTs (IPRTs), with their immittance operation conditions, are derived. To confirm the effectiveness, a 150‐W LRC is implemented leveraging new Π‐type IPRTs. A deep investigation is devoted to analyze the current/voltage stress in the components of the designed LRC. Moreover, kVA/kW ratio is considered as a key parameter for the reactive component size minimization. The proposed constant current LRC presents high load regulation capability in addition to the minimum reactive power and zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) on the inverter MOSFETs under the various loads. A significant robustness against load variations, less sensitivity versus parameters variation, and relatively higher efficiency are the main superiorities of the fifth‐order IPRTs to the lower order counterparts.
A programmable analog baseband filter with DC offset reduction using servo loop feedback
Authors: Chang Chia‐Hung 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThis paper presents a programmable analog baseband filter with direct current (DC) offset cancelling, using the standard complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor process. The servo loop feedback topology is adopted to reject in‐band DC offset at each stage of the receiving system. Furthermore, the proposed back‐to‐back diode‐connected configuration forms an ultrahigh pseudo resistor, which is applied in the feedback path of the integrator to obtain an ultralow cut‐off frequency (<1 Hz) for the high‐pass response. Therefore, low‐frequency application is possible for simultaneously in‐band DC offset and out‐band interference suppression. A servo loop feedback system with a pseudo resistor is used in the analog baseband filter to verify the concept. The chip is fabricated by using the TSMC 0.13‐um complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor process and consumes 43.8 mA from a 1.2 V DC supply voltage. The measured gain variation is from 65.6 to −3.3 dB with a resolution of 1 dB at a bandwidth of 5 MHz. The bandwidth is adjustable from 1.75 to 10 MHz.
Electrical circuits described by fractional conformable derivative
Authors: Martínez L. , Rosales J.J. , Carreño C.A. , Lozano J.M. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIn the last 3 years, the fractional conformable derivative and its properties have been introduced. Unlike other definitions, this new fractional derivative is based on the basic limit definition of the derivative and satisfies the same formulas of derivation, such as product and quotient of 2 functions and the chain rule. Using this new derivative, we obtain a new class of linear ordinary differential equations with noninteger power variable coefficients for the Resistance Capacitance (RC), Inductance Capacitance (LC), and Resistance, Inductance Capacitance (RLC) electric circuits. The numerical solutions are solved through the Matlab software. Solutions depend on time and on the fractional order parameter 0 < γ ≤ 1. The computing using this new derivative is much easier than using other definitions of fractional derivative. It has been shown that in the particular case γ = 1, these solutions become the ordinary ones. Also, a comparison has been made with the Caputo fractional derivative for the case of the RC circuit with constant source.
A spatial genetics approach to inform vector control of tsetse flies (Glossina fuscipes fuscipes) in Northern Uganda
Authors: Saarman Norah , Burak Mary , Opiro Robert , Hyseni Chaz , Echodu Richard , Dion Kirstin , Opiyo Elizabeth A. , Dunn Augustine W. , Amatulli Giuseppe , Aksoy Serap , Caccone Adalgisa 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTsetse flies (genus Glossina) are the only vector for the parasitic trypanosomes responsible for sleeping sickness and nagana across sub‐Saharan Africa. In Uganda, the tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes is responsible for transmission of the parasite in 90% of sleeping sickness cases, and co‐occurrence of both forms of human‐infective trypanosomes makes vector control a priority. We use population genetic data from 38 samples from northern Uganda in a novel methodological pipeline that integrates genetic data, remotely sensed environmental data, and hundreds of field‐survey observations. This methodological pipeline identifies isolated habitat by first identifying environmental parameters correlated with genetic differentiation, second, predicting spatial connectivity using field‐survey observations and the most predictive environmental parameter(s), and third, overlaying the connectivity surface onto a habitat suitability map. Results from this pipeline indicated that net photosynthesis was the strongest predictor of genetic differentiation in G. f. fuscipes in northern Uganda. The resulting connectivity surface identified a large area of well‐connected habitat in northwestern Uganda, and twenty‐four isolated patches on the northeastern margin of the G. f. fuscipes distribution. We tested this novel methodological pipeline by completing an ad hoc sample and genetic screen of G. f. fuscipes samples from a model‐predicted isolated patch, and evaluated whether the ad hoc sample was in fact as genetically isolated as predicted. Results indicated that genetic isolation of the ad hoc sample was as genetically isolated as predicted, with differentiation well above estimates made in samples from within well‐connected habitat separated by similar geographic distances. This work has important practical implications for the control of tsetse and other disease vectors, because it provides a way to identify isolated populations where it will be safer and easier to implement vector control and that should be prioritized as study sites during the development and improvement of vector control methods.
Discovering variation of secondary metabolite diversity and its relationship with disease resistance inCornus floridaL.
Authors: Pais Andrew L. , Li Xu , (Jenny) Xiang Qiu‐Yun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding intraspecific relationships between genetic and functional diversity is a major goal in the field of evolutionary biology and is important for conserving biodiversity. Linking intraspecific molecular patterns of plants to ecological pressures and trait variation remains difficult due to environment‐driven plasticity. Next‐generation sequencing, untargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) profiling, and interdisciplinary approaches integrating population genomics, metabolomics, and community ecology permit novel strategies to tackle this problem. We analyzed six natural populations of the disease‐threatenedCornus floridaL. from distinct ecological regions using genotype‐by‐sequencing markers and LC‐MS‐based untargeted metabolite profiling. We tested the hypothesis that higher genetic diversity inC. floridayielded higher chemical diversity and less disease susceptibility (screening hypothesis), and we also determined whether genetically similar subpopulations were similar in chemical composition. Most importantly, we identified metabolites that were associated with candidate loci or were predictive biomarkers of healthy or diseased plants after controlling for environment. Subpopulation clustering patterns based on genetic or chemical distances were largely congruent. While differences in genetic diversity were small among subpopulations, we did observe notable similarities in patterns between subpopulation averages of rarefied‐allelic and chemical richness. More specifically, we found that the most abundant compound of a correlated group of putative terpenoid glycosides and derivatives was correlated with tree health when considering chemodiversity. Random forest biomarker and genomewide association tests suggested that this putative iridoid glucoside and other closely associated chemical features were correlated to SNPs under selection.
Insights from modeling studies on how climate change affects invasive alien species geography
Authors: Bellard Celine , Jeschke Jonathan M. , Leroy Boris , Mace Georgina M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractClimate change and biological invasions are threatening biodiversity and ecosystem services worldwide. It has now been widely acknowledged that climate change will affect biological invasions. A large number of studies have investigated predicted shifts and other changes in the geographic ranges of invasive alien species related to climate change using modeling approaches. Yet these studies have provided contradictory evidence, and no consensus has been reached. We conducted a systematic review of 423 modeling case studies included in 71 publications that have examined the predicted effects of climate change on those species. We differentiate the approaches used in these studies and synthesize their main results. Our results reaffirm the major role of climate change as a driver of invasive alien species distribution in the future. We found biases in the literature both regarding the taxa, toward plants and invertebrates, and the areas of the planet investigated. Despite these biases, we found for the plants and vertebrates studied that climate change will more frequently contribute to a decrease in species range size than an increase in the overall area occupied. This is largely due to oceans preventing terrestrial invaders from spreading poleward. In contrast, we found that the ranges of invertebrates and pathogens studied are more likely to increase following climate change. An important caveat to these findings is that researchers have rarely considered the effects of climate change on transport, introduction success, or the resulting impacts. We recommend closing these research gaps, and propose additional avenues for future investigations, as well as opportunities and challenges for managing invasions under climate change.
Long‐term regeneration of a tropical plant community after sand mining
Authors: Garbin Mário L. , Misaki Flora , Ferreira Poliana F. , Guidoni‐Martins Karlo G. , Soares Rayara B. , Mariotte Pierre , Sansevero Jerônimo B. B. , Rocha Patryck Gouvea , Silva Ary G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSandy coastal plant communities in tropical regions have been historically under strong anthropic pressure. In Brazil, these systems shelter communities with highly plastic plant species. However, the potential of these systems to regenerate without human assistance after disturbances has hardly been examined. We determined the natural regeneration of a coastal sandy plain vegetation (restinga) in Brazil, 16 years after the end of sand removal. We inventoried 38 plots: 20 within a sand‐mined site and 18 in an adjacent undisturbed site. We expected lower diversity values in the sand‐mined site compared to the undisturbed site, but similar species composition between the two sites due to the spatial proximity of the two sites and the high plasticity of restinga species. Species were ranked using abundance and importance value index in both sites, and comparisons were performed using Rényi entropy profiles, rarefaction curves, principal component analysis, and redundancy analysis. Species composition and dominant species differed markedly between the two sites. Bromeliads andClusia hilariana, well‐known nurse plants, dominated the undisturbed site but were almost absent in the regenerating site. Species richness did not differ between both sites, but diversity was higher in the undisturbed site. Within‐site composition differences in the mined area were associated with field characteristics. Interestingly, species classified as subordinate or rare in the undisturbed site became dominants in the regenerating site. These newer dominants in the sand‐mined site are not those known as nurse plants in other restingas, thus yielding strong implications for restoration.
Carbon allocation and competition maintain variation in plant root mutualisms
Authors: Christian Natalie , Bever James D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPlants engage in multiple root symbioses that offer varying degrees of benefit. We asked how variation in partner quality persists using a resource‐ratio model of population growth. We considered the plant's ability to preferentially allocate carbon to mutualists and competition for plant carbon between mutualist and nonmutualist symbionts. We treated carbon as two nutritionally interchangeable, but temporally separated, resources—carbon allocated indiscriminately for the construction of the symbiosis, and carbon preferentially allocated to the mutualist after symbiosis establishment and assessment. This approach demonstrated that coexistence of mutualists and nonmutualists is possible when fidelity of the plant to the mutualist and the cost of mutualism mediate resource competition. Furthermore, it allowed us to trace symbiont population dynamics given varying degrees of carbon allocation. Specifically, coexistence occurs at intermediate levels of preferential allocation. Our findings are consistent with previous empirical studies as well the application of biological market theory to plantroot symbioses.