bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An eHealth intervention for patients with a low socioeconomic position during their waiting period preceding cardiac rehabilitation: a randomized feasibility study
Authors: Faber Jasper S , Kraal Jos J , ter Hoeve Nienke , Al-Dhahir Isra , Breeman Linda D , Chavannes Niels H , Evers Andrea W M , Bussmann Hans B J , Visch Valentijn T , van den Berg-Emons Rita J G 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) shows lower effectiveness and higher dropouts among people with a low socioeconomic position (SEP) compared to those with a high SEP. This study evaluated an eHealth intervention aimed at supporting patients with a low SEP during their waiting period preceding CR.

Methods and results
Participants with a low SEP in their waiting period before CR were randomized into an intervention group, receiving guidance videos, patient narratives, and practical tips, or into a control group. We evaluated adherence (usage metrics), acceptance (modified Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of use questionnaire), and changes in feelings of certainty and guidance between the waiting period’s start and end. Semi-structured interviews provided complementary insights. The study involved 41 participants [median interquartile range (IQR) age 62 (14) years; 33 males], with 21 participants allocated to the intervention group, using the eHealth intervention for a median (IQR) duration of 16 (10) days, using it on a median (IQR) of 100% (25) of these days, and viewing 88% of the available messages. Key adherence themes were daily routine compatibility and curiosity. Acceptance rates were 86% for usability, 67% for satisfaction, and 43% for usefulness. No significant effects on certainty and guidance were observed, but qualitative data suggested that the intervention helped to inform and set expectations.

Conclusion
The study found the eHealth intervention feasible for cardiac patients with a low SEP, with good adherence, usability, and satisfaction. However, it showed no effect on feelings of certainty and guidance. Through further optimization of its content, the intervention holds promise to improve emotional resilience during the waiting period.

Registration
This trial is registered as follows: ‘Evaluation of a Preparatory eHealth Intervention to Support Cardiac Patients During Their Waiting Period (PReCARE)’ at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05698121, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05698121).
Intensive care unit admissions following enhanced recovery video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy
Authors: Visby Lasse , Secher Erik Lilja , Møller-Sørensen Hasse , Kehlet Henrik , Petersen René Horsleben 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy combined with enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols has improved postoperative outcomes, yet concerns persist regarding complications and readmissions. Limited research has explored intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and outcomes within this context. The goal of this study was to analyse ICU admissions following VATS lobectomy within an established ERAS protocol.

METHODS
Consecutive patients who underwent VATS lobectomy between 2018 and 2023 were included. Patient data were obtained from our prospective institutional database, while ICU data were extracted from electronic patient records.

RESULTS
Of 2099 patients included, 48 (2.3%) required ICU admission. The median age was 70 (interquartile range: 64–76) years, with ICU patients being older and predominantly male (73%). Overall 30-day mortality was 1.0% with an ICU mortality of 31%. Multiple logistic regression revealed significant associations between ICU admission and male gender (P ≤ 0.001), diabetes mellitus (P = 0.026), heart failure (P = 0.040) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (0.013). Median time to ICU admission was 4 days (interquartile range: 2–10). Respiratory failure was the primary reason for ICU admission (60%). Severe surgical complications accounted for 8.3% of all ICU admissions.

CONCLUSIONS
In an ERAS setting, the incidence of ICU admissions following VATS lobectomy was 2.3%, with a mortality rate of 31%. Respiratory failure was the leading cause of ICU admission.
All-cause nursing home mortality rates have remained above pre-pandemic levels after accounting for decline in occupancy
Authors: Weiss Max , Normand Sharon-Lise T , Grabowski David C , Blacker Deborah , Newhouse Joseph P , Hsu John 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
During the initial year of the COVID-19 pandemic, a disproportionate share of COVID-19–related deaths occurred among nursing home residents. Initial estimates of all-cause mortality rates also spiked in early and late 2020 before falling to near or below historical rates by early 2021. During the first 3 years of the pandemic, the US nursing home resident population also decreased by 18% (239 000 fewer residents) compared with pre-pandemic levels. After accounting for these population changes, the all-cause nursing home mortality rate has remained above pre-pandemic levels through the middle of 2023. The peak was in December 2020 at 5692 deaths per 100 000 residents, which was 19% higher than estimates not accounting for the population decrease.
Standardizing social determinants of health data: a proposal for a comprehensive screening tool to address health equity a systematic review
Authors: Ganatra Sarju , Khadke Sumanth , Kumar Ashish , Khan Sadiya , Javed Zulqarnain , Nasir Khurram , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Wadhera Rishi K , Dani Sourbha S , Al-Kindi Sadeer 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Social determinants of health (SDoH) significantly impacts health outcomes and disparities. While the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has mandated hospitals to collect standardized SDoH data, existing tools lack key elements. This systematic review identified 78 studies and 20 screening tools addressing various SDoH domains. However, most tools were missing several key domains and lacked standardization. We propose a comprehensive tool meeting essential criteria: validated questions, brevity, actionability, cultural appropriateness, workflow integration, and community linkage. Our tool addresses gaps in available tools and incorporates standardized and validated questions to enable patient-centered screening for diverse social and environmental determinants of health. It uniquely includes detailed race/ethnicity data collection, housing characteristics, physical activity assessment, access to healthy food measures, and environmental exposure evaluation. The tool aims to provide actionable data for immediate interventions while informing broader population health strategies and policy initiatives. By offering a holistic assessment of SDoH across multiple domains, our tool enables standardized data collection, risk stratification, and focused initiatives to address health inequities at both individual and population levels. Further research is needed to develop evidence-based pathways for integrating SDoH data into real-world patient care workflows, improve risk prediction algorithms, address health-related social needs, and reduce disparities.
Endoscopic-assisted, minimally invasive versus sternotomy total arterial multivessel bypass grafting
Authors: Görtzen De Qing , Sampon Fleur , Timmermans Naomi , Ter Woorst Joost , Akca Ferdi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This single-centre study compared the perioperative outcomes after total arterial multivessel revascularization through endoscopic-assisted, minimally invasive surgery compared to a conventional sternotomy approach.

METHODS
In this retrospective, propensity score-matched (PSM) cohort study, a total of 740 patients were analysed [endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting (Endo-CAB), N = 92; Sternotomy, N = 648]. After PSM (1:2 ratio), 73 Endo-CAB and 137 sternotomy patients were compared with an equal number of distal anastomoses (Endo-CAB 2.3 versus Sternotomy 2.4 anastomoses per patient, P = 0.082). We used ‘textbook outcome’ as a patient-orientated outcome measure, defined as the absence of 30-day mortality, re-exploration for bleeding, postoperative ischaemia, cardiac tamponade, cerebrovascular events, wound infection, new onset arrhythmias, pneumonia, placement of chest drains and prolonged hospital stay (&gt;7 days).

RESULTS
Patients undergoing Endo-CAB had significantly more often a textbook outcome compared to the sternotomy group (78.1% vs 59.1%, P = 0.009). Endo-CAB patients had shorter hospital stay (4.0 vs 6.0 days, P &lt; 0.001), less postoperative blood loss (360 vs 490 ml, P &lt; 0.001) and a significant reduction of new onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (5.5% vs 17.5%, P = 0.015). Other postoperative outcomes were comparable for both groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Total arterial Endo-CAB demonstrates excellent postoperative outcomes compared to a sternotomy approach for multivessel coronary artery disease. These findings provide a strong basis for further expanding the multivessel Endo-CAB programme.
Implications of team submissions in open innovation contests
Authors: Candoğan Sıdıka Tunç , Korpeoglu C Gizem , Tang Christopher S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Accepted by: Aris Syntetos
Since the early aughts, open innovation platforms such as InnoCentive and HeroX have helped seekers (firms, SMEs, startups) develop and launch open innovation contests by inviting external (independent) solvers to submit their solutions. In an open innovation contest, an award is given to the top-quality submission, where the quality of each submission depends on two salient factors: (1) the costly effort(s) exerted by the solver(s); and (2) the random innovative shock(s) generated by the solver(s). Hence, highly novel contests are shock-driven, whereas less novel contests are effort-driven. In this paper, we examine if and when the platform (and the seekers) should encourage team submissions instead of individual submissions. We analyze a game-theoretic model of an open innovation contest associated with a decomposable problem and compare the equilibrium outcomes for two cases when solvers can make only (a) individual submissions and (b) team submissions. Solvers prefer team submissions due to free-riding and reduced competition (fewer submissions), which can afford them to reduce their effort(s). Consequently, team submissions may result in low-quality submissions, which are detrimental to the seekers. Even so, due to random shocks, we find team submissions are beneficial to the seekers when the seeker’s problem is less novel and the solver’s effort cost is sufficiently high. In addition, even when the seeker’s problem is highly novel, we find that team submissions can benefit the seekers when team submissions can attract sufficiently more external solvers to counteract the two negative effects associated with free-riding and reduced competition. Our results continue to hold when the reward level is endogenously determined.
A Very Special Event: Bcswomen Lovelace Colloquium
Authors: Barikzai Safia , Dee Hannah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The BCS Lovelace Colloquium is an annual one-day conference for women and non-binary students of computing and related subjects. Dr Safia Barikzai and Dr Hannah Dee MBE discuss the storied event's history, significance and future.
Learning health system linchpins: information exchange and a common data model
Authors: Eisman Aaron S , Chen Elizabeth S , Wu Wen-Chih , Crowley Karen M , Aluthge Dilum P , Brown Katherine , Sarkar Indra Neil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
To demonstrate the potential for a centrally managed health information exchange standardized to a common data model (HIE-CDM) to facilitate semantic data flow needed to support a learning health system (LHS).

Materials and Methods
The Rhode Island Quality Institute operates the Rhode Island (RI) statewide HIE, which aggregates RI health data for more than half of the state's population from 47 data partners. We standardized HIE data to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) CDM. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and primary prevention practices were selected to demonstrate LHS semantic data flow from 2013 to 2023.

Results
We calculated longitudinal 10-year ASCVD risk on 62,999 individuals. Nearly two-thirds had ASCVD risk factors from more than one data partner. This enabled granular tracking of individual ASCVD risk, primary prevention (ie, statin therapy), and incident disease. The population was on statins for fewer than half of the guideline-recommended days. We also found that individuals receiving care at Federally Qualified Health Centers were more likely to have unfavorable ASCVD risk profiles and more likely to be on statins. CDM transformation reduced data heterogeneity through a unified health record that adheres to defined terminologies per OMOP domain.

Discussion
We demonstrated the potential for an HIE-CDM to enable observational population health research. We also showed how to leverage existing health information technology infrastructure and health data best practices to break down LHS barriers.

Conclusion
HIE-CDM facilitates knowledge curation and health system intervention development at the individual, health system, and population levels.
Bayesian optimization for personalized dose-finding trials with combination therapies
Authors: Willard James , Golchi Shirin , Moodie Erica E M , Boulanger Bruno , Carlin Bradley P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Identification of optimal dose combinations in early-phase dose-finding trials is challenging, due to the trade-off between precisely estimating the many parameters required to flexibly model the possibly nonmonotonic dose-response surface, and the small sample sizes in early-phase trials. This difficulty is even more pertinent in the context of personalized dose-finding, where patient characteristics are used to identify tailored optimal dose combinations. To overcome these challenges, we propose the use of Bayesian optimization for finding optimal dose combinations in standard (one size fits all) and personalized multi-agent dose-finding trials. Bayesian optimization is a method for estimating the global optima of expensive-to-evaluate objective functions. The objective function is approximated by a surrogate model, commonly a Gaussian process, paired with a sequential design strategy to select the next point via an acquisition function. This work is motivated by an industry-sponsored problem, where the focus is on optimizing a dual-agent therapy in a setting featuring minimal toxicity. To compare the performance of the standard and personalized methods under this setting, simulation studies are performed for a variety of scenarios. Our study concludes that taking a personalized approach is highly beneficial in the presence of heterogeneity.
Internet-based treatment for provoked vulvodynia: factors associated with treatment outcomes
Authors: Hess Engström Andrea , Flink Ida , Kero Viktoria , Bohm-Starke Nina , Skalkidou Alkistis 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Previous research has indicated that internet-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) can reduce pain during intercourse and increase pain acceptance in individuals with provoked vulvodynia, but the factors associated with treatment outcomes remain unknown.

Aim
This study aimed to investigate factors associated with changes in pain acceptance following an internet treatment based on ACT.

Methods
This exploratory study used data from the EMBLA study, a multicenter randomized controlled trial that investigated the effects of internet-based ACT for provoked vulvodynia. The examined factors included sociodemographics, medical history, pain and sexual behavior, and psychosocial characteristics. Linear regression analysis was employed to assess the association of these factors with pain acceptance, including interaction effects. Results were adjusted for multiple testing using Bonferroni correction.

Outcomes
The outcome measure was pain acceptance assessed on the scale Chronic Pain Questionnaire–Revised, which comprises two sub-scales: activity engagement and pain willingness.

Results
Before adjustment, greater improvement in overall pain acceptance and the subscale activity engagement was seen participants in the intervention group who had a history of physical violence or sexual assault. Increased time spent on the treatment platform per week was also associated with greater improvement in pain acceptance. Participants who reported gastrointestinal problems before the internet-based treatment showed better treatment outcomes in activity engagement. Previous contact with a psychologist or counselor was associated with less improvement in activity engagement. The intervention was less effective on the subscale pain willingness with increased age and for those reporting urinary problems. No associations remained statistically significant after adjustment for multiple testing.

Clinical implications
Previous exposure to violence and sexual assault, concomitant gastrointestinal or urinary problems, and adherence to treatment should be further investigated in larger studies on factors associated with treatment outcomes after internet treatment based on ACT, especially regarding pain.

Strengths and limitations
This was a novel and exploratory study and provides information for researchers in future investigations of how individual characteristics may influence treatment outcomes. A range of variables were explored in the models, underscoring the importance of future studies to strengthen the findings. One limitation concerns the sample size, which was fairly small considering the nature of the study.

Conclusion
After correcting for multiple testing, no factors were found to be statistically associated with changes in pain acceptance after the treatment.
Nitrogen at the crossroads of light: integration of light signalling and plant nitrogen metabolism
Authors: Sathee Lekshmy , R Suriyaprakash , Barman Dipankar , Adavi Sandeep B , Jha Shailendra K , Chinnusamy Viswanathan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Plants have developed complex mechanisms to perceive, transduce, and respond to environmental signals, such as light, which are essential for acquiring and allocating resources, including nitrogen (N). This review delves into the complex interaction between light signals and N metabolism, emphasizing light-mediated regulation of N uptake and assimilation. Firstly, we examine the details of light-mediated regulation of N uptake and assimilation, focusing on the light-responsive activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrate transporters. Secondly, we discuss the influence of light on N-dependent developmental plasticity, elucidating how N availability regulates crucial developmental transitions such as flowering time, shoot branching, and root growth, as well as how light modulates these processes. Additionally, we consider the molecular interaction between light and N signalling, focusing on photoreceptors and transcription factors such as HY5, which are necessary for N uptake and assimilation under varying light conditions. A recent understanding of the nitrate signalling and perception of low N is also highlighted. The in silico transcriptome analysis suggests a reprogramming of N signalling genes by shade, and identifies NLP7, bZIP1, CPK30, CBL1, LBD37, LBD38, and HRS1 as crucial molecular regulators integrating light-regulated N metabolism.
Betaine lipids overproduced in seed plants are not imported into plastid membranes and promote endomembrane expansion
Authors: Salomon Sarah , Schilling Marion , Albrieux Catherine , Si Larbi Grégory , Jouneau Pierre-Henri , Roy Sylvaine , Falconet Denis , Michaud Morgane , Jouhet Juliette 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Plants and algae have to adapt to environmental changes and face various stresses that negatively affect their growth and development. One common stress is phosphate (Pi) deficiency, which is often present in the environment at limiting levels. In response to Pi deficiency, these organisms increase Pi uptake and remobilize intracellular Pi. Phospholipids are degraded to provide Pi and are replaced by non-phosphorus lipids, such as glycolipids or betaine lipids. During evolution, seed plants lost the ability to synthesize betaine lipids. By expressing Bta1 genes, which are involved in the synthesis of diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethyl-homoserine (DGTS), from different species, we showed that DGTS can be produced in seed plants. In Arabidopsis, expression of BTA1 under a phosphate starvation-inducible promoter resulted in limited DGTS production without having any impact on plant growth or lipid remodelling. In transient expression systems in Nicotiana benthamiana, leaves were able to accumulate DGTS to up to 30% of their glycerolipid content at a slight expense to galactolipid and phospholipid production. At the subcellular level, we showed that DGTS is absent from plastids and seems to be enriched in endomembranes, inducing endoplasmic reticulum membrane proliferation. Finally, the DGTS synthesis pathway seems to compete with phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis via the Kennedy pathway but does not appear to be derived from the PC diacylglycerol backbone and therefore does not interfere with the eukaryotic pathway involved in galactolipid synthesis.
The abundance of regulatory T cell subsets is associated with the clinical outcomes of sarcoidosis
Authors: Kusaka Katsuhide , Miyazaki Yusuke , Nakayamada Shingo , Kubo Satoshi , Miyagawa Ippei , Satoh-Kanda Yurie , Todoroki Yasuyuki , Ueno Masanobu , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Some patients with sarcoidosis achieve spontaneous remission, whereas others repeatedly experience relapse. We examined differences in the clinical course of active sarcoidosis according to peripheral blood immunophenotypes before treatment.

Methods
This retrospective study compared peripheral blood immunophenotypes between patients with active sarcoidosis (n = 28) and healthy control subjects (n = 10). Patients with sarcoidosis were divided into the spontaneous remission group without treatment (n = 9), the non-relapsed group after treatment (n = 13), and the relapsed group after treatment (n = 6) and were compared for peripheral blood immunophenotypes and background characteristics at baseline.

Results
Patients with sarcoidosis showed increases in activated T helper (Th) 1 cells, activated Th17 cells, and regulatory T (Treg) cell subsets. The proportion of effector Treg cells was highest in the spontaneous remission group, and the proportion of non-suppressive Treg cells was highest in the relapsed group. No differences were observed in the proportions of other CD4+ T cell subsets. The cut-off values for predicting spontaneous remission and relapse were calculated for the effector Treg/non-suppressive Treg ratio. As a result, A ratio ≥1.469 predicted spontaneous remission (75%), while ≤0.722 predicted relapse (66.7%).

Conclusion
Effector and non-suppressive Treg cell proportions before treatment may predict spontaneous remission and relapse in active sarcoidosis.