bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upgradient and Downgradient Potential Vorticity Fluxes Produced by Forced Rossby Waves. Part I: Basic Experiments
Authors: Mizuta Genta 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe mean flow and potential vorticity (PV) flux produced by Rossby waves are examined, particularly by focusing on the effects of stratification and nonlinearity on upgradient and downgradient PV fluxes. Rossby waves are excited by an external forcing confined near the surface and produce a northward (upgradient) PV flux in the surface layer. While the meridional PV flux is considerably weak in the deep layer in the weakly nonlinear case, the southward (downgradient) PV flux is produced as nonlinearity increases. In both the surface and deep layers, the distribution of the PV flux and mean flow is qualitatively similar to that in recirculation gyres obtained in an eddy-resolving model of the wind-driven circulation. A perturbation analysis shows that the primary and harmonic waves are excited by external forcing and wave–wave interaction between the primary waves, respectively. The meridional PV fluxes in the surface and deep layers are mostly produced by the primary and harmonic waves, respectively. The southward PV flux in the deep layer is produced by the interaction between the barotropic harmonic wave and the first baroclinic component of nonlinear forcing by the primary waves. The irreversible processes that are implicitly assumed in the PV homogenization theory (Rhines and Young) do not substantially affect the southward PV flux. The qualitative features of the PV flux remain unchanged even when nonlinearity is increased beyond the range in which the perturbation theory is exactly applicable.
Upgradient and Downgradient Potential Vorticity Fluxes Produced by Forced Rossby Waves. Part II: Parameter Sensitivity and Physical Interpretation
Authors: Mizuta Genta 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe examine the potential vorticity (PV) flux produced by forced Rossby waves in a two-layer quasigeostrophic model, using a perturbation analysis. Rossby waves are excited by external forcing applied to the upper layer. The southward PV flux is produced in the lower layer by the higher-order Rossby waves that are excited by nonlinear wave–wave interactions, whereas the northward PV flux is produced in the upper layer. The direction of the PV flux is consistent with that obtained by an eddy-resolving model of the wind-driven circulation in previous studies. The southward PV flux is produced in a wide parameter range comparable to the eddy-resolving model. The basic features of the PV flux remain unchanged even in the limit of weak stratification. In this limit, stratification has nearly no effect on the flow, except that it isolates the lower layer from the direct effects of external forcing. The mechanism of the southward PV flux is explained using basic features of the barotropic Rossby waves and does not depend on details of the model. Furthermore, the resonant triad interaction of Rossby waves does not affect the PV flux. Stratification weakens or strengthens the PV flux depending on the horizontal scale of the external forcing.
Associations between working environment and weight control efforts among workers with obesity in Korea
Authors: Hyun Hye Sun , Kim Yunyoung 
Published: April 2018

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between working environment and weight control efforts among obese workers in Korea. Methods This study was based on the 2011 3rd Korean Working Conditions Survey, which was conducted on workers aged 15 years or older. A sample of 484 obese workers was included in the study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between working environment and weight control efforts after controlling for individual variables. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results Of the participants, 63.4% reported that they made efforts to control their weight. After controlling for personal factors, the OR of weight control efforts for individuals working 40–49 hours per week was 2.4 times that for individuals working 60 hours or more per week. The OR of regular employment workers was 2.2 times that of non-regular workers. Conclusion We established that working hours and employment type were significantly related to weight control efforts. Therefore, we recommend that working conditions should be considered in designing effective workplace health promotion programs.
Occupational therapists and paramedics form a mutually beneficial alliance to reduce the pressure on hospitals: A practice analysis
Authors: Preston Jenny , Galloway Martin , Wilson Rebekah , McNamee Lynsey , Deans Yvonne , McGhee Grier 
Published: April 2018

Statement of context Despite the emergence of collaborative models of practice between occupational therapists and paramedics, there is a lack of evidence examining the similarities and differences between the two healthcare professions including seemingly divergent models of clinical reasoning. Critical reflection on practice Occupational therapists, paramedics and partner agencies developed a structured learning programme which facilitated a positive approach to exploring clinical reasoning through shared clinical experiences. This led to the creation of a flexible care pathway with the aim of reducing unnecessary admission to hospital. Implications for practice Understanding models of clinical reasoning can facilitate the cultural shift between healthcare professions with the potential to reduce pressure on hospitals.
Speech Production Skills in Children With Cleft Palate Who Were Internationally Adopted
Authors: Morgan Amy , O’Gara Mary , Bellucci Claudia Crilly , Linde Sebastian , Albert Meredith , Curtis Arthur , Patel Pravin , Kapp-Simon Kathleen A. 
Published: April 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of international adoption (IA), age at palatoplasty (PR age), and velopharyngeal sufficiency (VPS) on articulation outcomes. Design: This was a cross-sectional, prospective, observational study. Setting: Outpatient hospital clinic. Participants: Fifty-one IA and 65 not-adopted (NA) children between the ages of 3 and 9 with nonsyndromic cleft palate with or without cleft lip. Main Outcome Measure(s): The Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation—2nd Edition (GFTA-2) standard score and cleft-related articulation errors (CREs). Results: Articulation impairment was observed for 40% to 76% of NA children and 71% to 92% IA children, depending on age. PR age mean IA = 2.07 (0.86) years; NA = 1.23 (0.71) years. Children who were IA had poorer performance on the GFTA-2 ( B = −13.82, P = .015). Children who were IA were not significantly more likely to make CRE; rather, age at the time of assessment ( B = −.10, P = .002) and VPS ( B = .24, P = .021) were associated with CRE. Conclusions: Children who were IA demonstrated poorer articulation skills. Although primary palatoplasty was accomplished later among children who were IA, age at assessment and VP status (not PR age) were significantly correlated with articulation outcomes. Implications for timing of surgical intervention are discussed.
Adult-Specific Life Outcomes of Cleft Lip and Palate in a Western Australian Cohort
Authors: Nicholls Wendy , Harper Craig , Robinson Suzanne , Persson Martin , Selvey Linda 
Published: April 2018

Background: People with a cleft of the lip and/or palate (CL/P) differ from their peers due to their facial appearance, hearing and speech difficulties, and the significant time spent attending appointments and recovering from surgical interventions. These differences may impact life outcomes including occupation, income, education, relationships, psychosocial health issues, and lifestyle choices. Methodology: A self-administered questionnaire was posted to 338 former and current patients of the Cleft Lip and Palate Unit of Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH), Perth, Western Australia. Results: Completed questionnaires were returned by 158 former and current patients. In comparison to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, study participants attained equivalent highest education levels, full-time annual income levels, occupational categories, employment rates, and home ownership levels. They did not marry later and demonstrated positive health–related lifestyle behaviors. However independent living was significantly delayed, and the number of romantic relationships, marriages, and children was lower, with separation/divorce rates also being lower. A key finding was that 78% of participants self-reported that they experienced at least 1 psychosocial health issue and more than half experienced anxiety and/or depression. Conclusion: When comparing the sociological outcomes for the study participants, the psychosocial outcomes were the areas of most concern. Further investigation is required to determine the causes for the high self-reported rates of anxiety and/or depression found in this study.
Seismic azimuthal anisotropy study of the Lower Paleozoic shale play in northern Poland
Authors: Cyz Marta , Malinowski Michał 
Published: April 2018

We have developed a case study of amplitude variation with azimuth (AVAZ) analysis applied to quantify the amount of the azimuthal anisotropy present in the Lower Paleozoic shales of the Baltic Basin (northern Poland). The challenges encountered here are related to thin (up to 25 m) deeply buried (approximately 3 km) targets, characterized by a weak average azimuthal anisotropy (1%–2% from cross-dipole sonic data). Synthetic AVAZ modeling confirms the applicability of the method. We used data after full-azimuth angle-domain prestack depth migration (PSDM) processed by a contractor and in-house sectored prestack time migration (PSTM). Application of AVAZ on full-azimuth PSDM data provided results that were further corroborated by the available calibration data. Anisotropy azimuths from AVAZ correlate with natural fracture direction from image logs (x-tended range microimager [XRMI]) interpretation, especially at the wells with only one dominant fracture system present. Fracture strikes inferred from AVAZ also correspond with fracture strikes inverted from the microseismic S-wave splitting analysis. Hudson’s crack densities calculated from the AVAZ anisotropic gradients matched crack densities from cross-dipole sonic as well as followed the same trend as the fracture intensities from XRMI data. Part of the success in this case should be attributed to the high-end processing of the input data because such obvious correlations are absent for AVAZ results on sectored PSTM data.
Blood Pressure Coefficient of Variation and Its Association With Cardiac Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Jinadasa Sayuri P. , Mueller Ariel , Prasad Varesh , Subramaniam Kathirvel , Heldt Thomas , Novack Victor , Subramaniam Balachundhar 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:
Multiple studies completed in the ambulatory nonsurgical setting show a significant association between short- and long-term blood pressure variability and poor outcomes. However, perioperative blood pressure variability outcomes have not been well studied, especially in the cardiac surgical setting. In this study, we sought to assess whether systolic and mean arterial blood pressure variability were associated with 30-day mortality and in-hospital renal failure in patients undergoing cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. Furthermore, blood pressure variability has not been evaluated specifically during each phase of surgery, namely in the pre-, intra- and postbypass phases; thus, we aimed also to assess whether outcomes were associated with phase-specific systolic and mean arterial blood pressure variability.

METHODS:
All patients undergoing cardiac surgery from January 2008 to June 2014 were enrolled in this retrospective, single-center study. Demographic, intraoperative, and postoperative outcome data were obtained from the institution’s Society of Thoracic Surgery database and Anesthesia Information Management System. Systolic and mean arterial blood pressure variability were assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV). The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and in-hospital renal failure in relation to the entire duration of a case, while the secondary outcomes assessed phase-specific surgical periods. In an effort to control the family-wise error rate, P values <.0125 were considered significant for the primary outcomes.

RESULTS:
Of the 3687 patients analyzed, 2.7% of patients died within 30 days of surgery and 2.8% experienced in-hospital renal failure. After adjusting for significant covariates, we found a statistically significant association between increasing CV for systolic blood pressure (CVSBP) and 30-day mortality and in-hospital renal failure. For every 0.10 increase in CVSBP, there was a 150% increase in the odds of death (odds ratio, 2.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.60–3.92; P < .0001) and there was a 104% increase in odds of experiencing renal failure (odds ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.33–3.14; P = .001). The association with mortality was driven primarily by the prebypass period, because the association between CVSBP and mortality during the prebypass phase was significant (P = .01), and not during the postbypass phase (P = .08). There was no significant association between CV for mean arterial blood pressure and either death or renal failure during any period of surgery, including the bypass phase.

CONCLUSIONS:
Increasing systolic blood pressure variability was associated with 30-day mortality and development of renal failure, with surgery phase-specific relationships observed. Further research is required to determine how to prospectively detect blood pressure variability and elucidate opportunities for intervention.
Dependence of Body Weight on Age for Random-Bred Albino Rat and for Eight Lines of Laboratory Rat: Synthetic Studies of Data from Experimental Works and Nurseries in Aspect of the Relationship with Radiosensitivity. Some Characteristics of Rat Species
Authors: Котеров А. , Koterov A. , Ушенкова Л. , Ushenkova L. , Зубенкова Э. , Zubenkova E. , Вайнсон А. , Vaynson A. , Бирюков А. , Biryukov A. , Самойлов А. , Samoylov A. 
Published: April 2018

For random-bred albino rat and for eight most known rat lines (Wistar, Wistar Hannover, Wistar Kyoto, Sprague Dawley, Lewis, Fisher 344, Lister and Long-Evans) a brief review of the origins and features was made, and data on the age–weight dependences in norm obtained from experimental works and presented in the materials of firms and nurseries were analysed. The data extracted from the sources by digitizing the original curves or taken from there from the tables were combined (Mean ± 95% Confidence Intervals), and the values were compared in parallel along the Student’s t-test and the Mann–Whitney U-test.
For half the rat lines (males and females) it was found that the body weight growth in works and nurseries does not coincide (statistically significant or in the form of distinct trends), and the discrepancy can began either from a certain time moment (Wistar Hannover, Sprague Dawley), or almost immediately after birth (Lewis, Long-Evans).
The detected phenomenon has practical significance for the object selection for radiosensitivity investigation. Differences in age at the same weight of animals in the experiment and in nurseries can cause errors in background radioresistance. A review of the studies on dependence of the radiosensitivity on the age of irradiated rats was performed with the reproduction of a number of published data in a graphic form and it was concluded that a mistake in the age of rats even for a few weeks can strongly affect the radiosensitivity. It is noted that the importance of taking into account the body mass index is due to the dependence on it of the mass of internal organs, the magnitude of which is affected, among other things, on the results of internal dosimetry.
Distribution by growth intensity (an age of achievement of weight 200 g) for males is follows: Wistar > Sprague-Dawley = Lister > Long-Evans (from nurseries) > Wistar Hannover > Lewis > Wistar Kyoto > Fisher 344 > Long-Evans (from works) > Wistar from 1906–1932 > random-bred albino.
As a result of the study, standard, tabular growth curves for random-bred rat and eight mentioned rat strains obtained by combining and statistical processing of data from all available sources were also presented. This material continues the traditions of Donaldson’s Tables (H.H. Donaldson, 1915) and the growth standards for laboratory animal lines in work of S.M. Poiley (1972).
The report of the individual data by some characteristics of a rat species is presented: average life expectancy, age and weight for various physiological periods of the development, and also a certain ‘standard’ weight for a rat as a species.
Review: Biology of the commercially used sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (Echinoidea: Echinodermata)
Authors: TOHA ABDUL HAMID A. , SUMITRO SUTIMAN B. , HAKIM LUCHMAN , WIDODO NASHI , BINUR ROBI , SUHAEMI SUHAEMI , ANGGORO AJI W. 
Published: April 2018

Toha AHA, Sumitro SB, Hakim L, Widodo N, Binur R, Suhaemi, Anggoro AW. 2017. Review: Biology of the commercially used sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (Echinoidea: Echinodermata). Ocean Life 1: 1-10. Tripneustes gratilla is a species of sea urchin in shallow tropical waters. The species is economically and commercially important, has ecological value, and prospects as a biological control agent. It is considered as the commercially traded sea urchin. Overexploitation has caused a sharp decline in T. gratilla populations. Understanding biological aspects of T. gratilla is critical to the sustainable use of this resource in the future.
Combining expert knowledge and unsupervised learning techniques for anomaly detection in aircraft flight data
Authors: Mack Daniel L. C. , Biswas Gautam , Khorasgani Hamed , Mylaraswamy Dinkar , Bharadwaj Raj 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Fault detection and isolation schemes are designed to detect the onset of adverse events during operations of complex systems, such as aircraft, power plants, and industrial processes. In this paper, we combine unsupervised learning techniques with expert knowledge to develop an anomaly detection method to find previously undetected faults from a large database of flight operations data. The unsupervised learning technique combined with a feature extraction scheme applied to the clusters labeled as anomalous facilitates expert analysis in characterizing relevant anomalies and faults in flight operations. We present a case study using a large flight operations data set, and discuss results to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Our method is general, and equally applicable to manufacturing processes and other industrial applications.
Context Analysis of Customer Requests using a Hybrid Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System and Hidden Markov Models in the Natural Language Call Routing Problem
Authors: Rustamov Samir , Mustafayev Elshan , Clements Mark A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe context analysis of customer requests in a natural language call routing problem is investigated in the paper. One of the most significant problems in natural language call routing is a comprehension of client request. With the aim of finding a solution to this issue, the Hybrid HMM and ANFIS models become a subject to an examination. Combining different types of models (ANFIS and HMM) can prevent misunderstanding by the system for identification of user intention in dialogue system. Based on these models, the hybrid system may be employed in various language and call routing domains due to nonusage of lexical or syntactic analysis in classification process.
Orthogonal polynomials with respect to the form u = λ(x – a)–1
ν + δb
Authors: Sghaier Mabrouk 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We study properties of the form (linear functional) u = λ(x – a)–1
ν + δb
, where ν is a regular form. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the regularity of the form u. The coefficients of a three-term recurrence relation, satisfied by the corresponding sequence of orthogonal polynomials, are given explicitly. The semi-classical character of the founded families is studied. We conclude by giving some examples.
On the classes of functions induced by irregular Carleman–Vekua equations
Authors: Jikia Valerian 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In the present paper, special functional spaces are constructed, which are naturally connected with sufficiently wide classes of irregular Carleman–Vekua equations. Their properties used essentially for the investigation of irregular generalized analytic functions, are studied. In constructing these functional spaces, we have to investigate the existence of -primitive functions for special classes.
Kallikrein-related peptidase 7 overexpression in melanoma cells modulates cell adhesion leading to a malignant phenotype
Authors: Haddada Meriem , Draoui Hend , Deschamps Lydia , Walker Francine , Delaunay Tiphaine , Brattsand Maria , Magdolen Viktor , Darmoul Dalila 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We recently reported that human melanoma cells, but not benign melanocytes, aberrantly express kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7). Here, we show a KLK7 overexpression-mediated decrease of cell adhesion to extracellular matrix binding proteins, associated with downregulation of α5/β1/αv/β3 integrin expression. We also report an up-regulation of MCAM/CD146 and an increase in spheroid formation of these cells. Our results demonstrate that aberrant KLK7 expression leads to a switch to a more malignant phenotype suggesting a potential role of KLK7 in melanoma invasion. Thus, KLK7 may represent a biomarker for melanoma progression and may be a potential therapeutic target for melanoma.
Growth, sexual and bone development in a boy with bilateral anorchia under testosterone treatment guided by the development of his monozygotic twin
Authors: Vandewalle Sara , Van Caenegem Eva , Craen Margarita , Taes Youri , Kaufman Jean-Marc , T’Sjoen Guy 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground:Sex steroids are essential for sexual maturation, linear growth and bone development. However, there is no consensus on the optimal timing, dosage and dosage interval of testosterone therapy to induce pubertal development and achieve a normal adult height and bone mass in children with hypogonadism.Case presentation:A monozygotic monochorial male twin pair, of which one boy was diagnosed with anorchia at birth due to testicular regression syndrome was followed from the age of 3 until the age of 18 years. Low dose testosterone substitution (testosterone esters 25 mg/2 weeks) was initiated in the affected twin based on the start of pubertal development in the healthy twin and then gradually increased accordingly. Both boys were followed until age 18 and were compared as regards to linear growth, sexual maturation, bone maturation and bone development. Before puberty induction both boys had a similar weight and height. During puberty, a slightly faster weight and height gain was observed in the affected twin. Both boys ended up however, with a similar and normal (near) adult height and weight and experienced a normal development of secondary sex characteristics. At the age of 17 and 18 years, bone mineral density, body composition and volumetric bone parameters at the forearm and calf were evaluated in both boys. The affected boy had a higher lean mass and muscle cross-sectional area. The bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and whole body was similar. Trabecular and cortical volumetric bone parameters were comparable. At one cortical site (proximal radius), however, the affected twin had a smaller periosteal and endosteal circumference with a thicker cortex.Conclusions:In conclusion, a low dose testosterone substitution in bilateral anorchia led to a normal onset of pubertal development and (near) adult height. Furthermore, there was no difference in bone mineral density at the age of 17 and 18 years.