bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B-42 SPECT Differences between PTSD and Healthy Controls
Authors: Stebbins L , Derbaly A , Golden C , Amen D , Taylor D , Willeumier K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
To test whether Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) alters brain activity compared to a Healthy group at baseline, as measured by a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging.

Methods
The sample (n = 189) included a PTSD group (n = 109, Mage = 43.4, 23% Male, 71.6% Caucasian.) and a Healthy group (n = 80, Mage = 41.5, 45 Males, 41.3% Caucasian.).

Results
The results revealed significant decrease (p < .01) of CBF in the PTSD group in the left (F(1,187) = 9.678, p = .002) and right (F(1,187) = 7.112, p = .008) Basal Ganglia compared to the healthy group. The left (F(1,187) = 10.384, p = .002) and right (F(1,187) = 8.892, p = .003) Cerebellum and the left (F(1,187) = 5.591, p = .019) and right (F(1,187) = 5.898, p = .016) Temporal areas had significant increases in CBF in the PTSD group compared to the Healthy group.

Conclusion
The pattern of increased CBF in the Temporal lobes in those suffering from PTSD can be associated with personal increase in emotional responsivity. The increase in emotional lability can be related to the symptoms that are evident in PTSD, including, attention and consolidation of memory. Furthermore, the increased cerebellar CBF may affect major functions including motor movements and procedural memory. By having overactivation in these areas individuals with PTSD may experience symptoms of increased alertness, hypervigilance, and inability to control behavioral actions that have previously been learned in stressful situations. Decreased CBF in the Basal Ganglia of the PTSD group suggests an aberration of functions controlled by this area, such as, motor learning, executive functions, and reinforcement-learning. Treatment of PTSD can target discrete brain systems related to these differences in cognitive activity.
B-47 Depressive Symptomatology Subsequent to Comorbid Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Ratcliffe L , Mayfield C , Marker C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
The researchers hypothesized that 1) individuals with comorbid traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) will endorse increased depressive symptomatology compared to individuals with SCI only, 2) TBI severity will contribute to endorsed depressive symptomatology, and 3) premorbid psychopathology will exacerbate current symptom presentation.

Method
Data from the federally funded SCI Model System Centers was analyzed. From the population (N = 32,159) of individuals with SCI, a sample (n = 7,709) of individuals with comorbid SCI and TBI was obtained to assess impact on depressive symptomatology. Scores on the first two items of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), a validated screening tool for depression, were utilized for analysis of depressive symptomatology.

Results
There was a significant difference in individuals’ PHQ-9-q1 scores at the first year without TBI (M = 0.72, SD = 0.98) compared to those with TBI (M = 0.86, SD = 1.05; t (1610) = -3.04, p = 0.002, two-tailed). The magnitude of the differences in means (mean difference = -0.14, 95% CI: -0.24 to -0.05) was very small (eta squared = 0.005). Further analysis indicated premorbid depression and co-occurrence of premorbid PTSD and depression were significant predictors of endorsed depressive symptomatology. More in-depth results from these analyses will be presented on the poster.

Conclusion
This study supports the components proposed by the diathesis-stress model, wherein interactions between predisposing factors and situational stressors contribute to the development of psychopathology. Moreover, these findings suggest the importance of assessing for premorbid psychopathology in individuals with comorbid SCI and TBI as psychological treatment will be crucial in maximizing clinical outcomes.
B-50 Frequency of Sports-Related Concussion in Athletes with Neurodevelopmental Conditions
Authors: Flood S , Kuwabara H , Hussey J , Fraga B , Kinsora T , Ross S , Allen D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Research demonstrates that athletes with neurodevelopmental diagnoses may have a higher frequency of lifetime concussions (Iverson et al., 2016; Alosco, Fedor & Gunstad, 2014) possibly due to underlying attention, processing speed, or reaction time difficulties. The present study investigates concussion history and sports-related concussions between athletes with and without a history of neurodevelopmental disorders in a longitudinal, state-wide sample.

Method
Participants included 39,586 high school athletes (Mage = 15.18; 56.2% males) who were assessed pre and post-concussion with ImPACT between 2008 and 2016. There were 36,880 athletes (55.1% males) who did not report neurodevelopmental disorders and served as the control group and 2,706 athletes (71.4% males) in the clinical group who self-reported diagnosis of ADHD (55.6%), Learning Disability (LD;13.6%), Autism (3.2%), ADHD+LD (4.5%), and athletes in special education but no reported diagnosis (SpEd; 22%). Concussion frequency in each group was analyzed using chi-square analysis.

Results
Athletes were more likely to report prior concussions if they had a self-reported neurodevelopmental diagnosis (17%) compared to the control group (9%, χ2(1) = 112.11, p < .001). Odds ratios indicated that athletes with neurodevelopmental conditions were 1.43 times more likely to have a sports-related concussion.

Conclusions
Consistent with past research, results indicate that neurodevelopmental conditions are associated with greater lifetime risk of concussion, including sport-related concussions. Future studies may expand this research by examining underlaying causes of this increased risk in order to develop specific interventions to help reduce rates of concussion for this population.
B-51 Impact of Resilience on Symptoms and Mood during Recovery in Adolescents and Young Adults Following Sports-Related Concussion
Authors: Meredith-Duliba T , Bunt S , Didehbani N , Miller S , Straub J , Wang H , Cullum C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
It is unclear how resilience, the ability to “bounce back” from a stressful experience, is associated with recovery following a sport-related concussion (SRC). The aim of this project is to assess how resilience is related to symptoms following SRC.

Method
Participants (N = 353) aged 12-25 were evaluated within 30 days of injury at clinics in the ConTex Concussion Registry. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5 symptom evaluation, Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), General Anxiety Disorder-7 Item (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-8 Item (PHQ-8) were administered at initial visit and at three-months. BRS scores were used to place subjects into low (n = 40), average (n = 214), and high (n = 99) resilience groups, with a 2 (time) by 3 (group) repeated measures ANOVA to compare symptom scales.

Results
At initial visit subjects with low resilience reported higher GAD-7 [F (2,308) = 3.95, p = .02; 95% C.I. 5.19, 7.64] and PHQ-8 [F (2,311) = 4.40, p = .01; 95% C.I. 4.76, 7.47] scores compared to average and high resilience samples and demonstrated significant interaction effects with time. Subjects with low resilience also endorsed more initial SCAT5 symptoms [F (2,350) = 3.69, p = .026, 95% C.I. 10.99, 14.18] but showed no interaction with time.

Conclusion
Findings suggest that resilience may influence mood (anxiety & depression) initially and during SRC recovery. Consideration of resilience as a pre-injury factor may be important in SRC research.
B-60 Resilience is Associated with Overall Health-related Quality of Life in Caregivers of Service Members and Veterans Following Traumatic Brain Injury.
Authors: Brickell T , French L , Lippa S , Lange R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
To examine the influence of caregiver resilience on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in caregivers of service members/veterans (SMVs) following a traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods
Caregivers (N = 346, Female = 96.2%; Spouse = 91.0%%; Age: M = 40.6 years) of SMVs following a mild, moderate, severe, or penetrating TBI were recruited from Walter Reed National Military Medical Center and via community outreach to participate in the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center 15-Year Longitudinal TBI Study (Sec721 NDAA FY2007). Caregivers completed the Caregiver Appraisal Scale and 15 HRQOL measures. Caregivers were divided into three groups using the Resilience scale from the TBI-QOL: (1) Low Resilience [n = 125], (2) Moderate Resilience [n = 122], and (3) High Resilience [n = 99].

Results
There were significant main effects across groups for all HRQOL measures (ps < .001). The Low Resilience group had consistently worse scores compared to both the Moderate and High Resilience groups (d = .50-1.60). The largest effect sizes were found for the Caregiving Satisfaction, Anxiety, Depression, Anger, Social Isolation, Perceived Stress, Caregiver Strain, and Feelings of Loss-Self scales (d = .91-1.60). Step-wise regression analyses revealed that Perceived Stress was the most significant predictor of resilience (R2 = 33.3%), with Caregiver Satisfaction (R2change = 5.0%), Depression (R2change = 1.8%), Caregiver Mastery (R2change = 1.7), Caregiver Specific Anxiety (R2change = 1.2) and Feelings of Loss-Self (R2change = 1.1%) contributing some additional variance in subsequent steps.

Conclusions
There was a moderate to high relationship between resilience and overall HRQOL in caregivers of SMVs following TBI. Targeted interventions to increase caregiver resilience may be warranted to ensure that burden of care does not undermine the caregiver’s heath and impact the SMV’s recovery and reintegration.
B-61 Single-Item Reporting on the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory to Determine Clinical Levels of Depression: How Brief is too Brief?
Authors: Palmer G , Arch A , Falcone G , Olson S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
The Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) is frequently used in the Department of Veterans Affairs as a self-report measure to assess for a variety of medical and mental health concerns in veterans who have suffered traumatic brain injury (TBI). Only one item on the NSI (item 20) relates to depressive symptoms (i.e., feeling depressed or sad). The purpose of the study was to compare responses on the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) with item 20 of the NSI to determine classification for mild depressive symptomatology.

Method
Retrospective data collected from veteran patients (N = 325) of a polytrauma outpatient clinic were used in the analysis. Veterans were excluded if cutoff scores exceeded an embedded validity scale (i.e., NSI Validity-10) or had missing data. Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis was conducted to determine which item score (i.e., score of 0-4) on the NSI best classified the presence of depressive symptoms as measured by a BDI-II cut-off score greater than 13 (i.e., mild depression).

Results
There were 55 subjects who tested positive for depression based on a cut-off score of 3 on the NSI. The ROC analysis was significant (AUC = .822, p < .001; 95% CI = .774 - .871). A cut-off score of greater than 13 on the BDI-II yielded a sensitivity rate of .982 and a specificity rate of .607.

Conclusions
These results indicate that item 20 of the NSI is indicative of a positive screen for depressive symptomatology with scores of 3 or greater indicating that further evaluation for depression is warranted.
B-65 Systematic Review of Pre-Injury Mental Health Problems as a Vulnerability Factor for Worse Outcome Following Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: Iverson G , Williams M , Gardner A , Terry D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
A systematic review of the extent to which pre-injury mental health problems are a vulnerability factor for slower clinical recovery from sport-related concussion, defined as recovery from symptoms or a return to normal activities, including school and sports, following injury.

Data Selection
We conducted a search using (i) concussion-related terms, (ii) sport/athlete-related terms, and (iii) diverse predictor/modifier terms in the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO®, MEDLINE®, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies published by February 2019 that examined pre-injury mental health problems as a possible predictor of clinical recovery from concussion were included. A total of 4,013 articles were screened. A full-text review was conducted on 358 articles, and 12 articles were ultimately included.

Data Synthesis
Those with a preinjury history of mental health problems were at greater risk for having persistent symptoms. There are major methodological differences across the studies. Most of the articles were not focused on mental health as a primary predictor, and the sample sizes in most studies were small. The type of preinjury mental health problems were inconsistently defined. The age of onset, course, severity, and duration of mental health problems were not defined. The extent to which the mental health problems were present prior to the season, during baseline testing, was not reported.

Conclusions
Pre-injury mental health difficulties predict prolonged recovery from concussion, but much more research is needed to understand the mechanisms and the magnitude of the effect.
B-69 The Effect of Bilingualism on Symbol Digit Modalities Test Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults
Authors: Rugh-Fraser R , Litvin P , Lopez Hernandez W , Knight J , Arzuyan A , Cervantes R , Bueno A , Fatoorechi S , Mangassarian S , Hardy DVespa P , Plurad D , Hovda D , Woo E , Fuster J , Budding D , Wright M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors exhibit cognitive deficits. Language factors can also influence neurocognitive performance. We examined the effects of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on a test of attention and cognitive speed (i.e., Symbol Digit Modalities Test; SDMT).

Method
The sample (N = 98) consisted of 37 controls (19 bilingual; 18 monolingual), 34 acute TBI participants (12 bilingual; 22 monolingual), and 27 chronic TBI participants (16 bilingual; 11 monolingual). Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury; chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. All participants passed performance validity testing. 3X2 ANOVAs were conducted to determine the effect of TBI and language on SDMT written and oral performance.

Results
A main effect was found between groups (control and TBI groups) on SDMT written, p < .001, ηp² = .19 and SDMT oral p < .001, ηp² = .16. Pairwise comparisons revealed a difference between the control group and TBI groups, with TBI groups performing worse. A main effect for bilingualism/monolingualism was not found; interaction effects emerged between TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on SDMT written, p < .05, ηp² = .07 and SDMT oral p < .05, ηp² = .07.

Conclusion
TBI groups performed worse than controls on the SDMT. Relative to monolinguals with TBI, our findings suggest better cognitive recovery of verbal attention and cognitive speed in bilingual TBI participants.
B-72 The Relationship between Anxiety and Postconcussive Symptomology in patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Cornett K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Research literature has demonstrated the role that pre-morbid anxiety has in prolonging recovery from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The aim of this investigation is to clarify the degree of the relationship between anxiety and postconcussive symptomology in patients with mTBI.

Method
This study compared scores from a patient-report measure of anxiety, the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), to scores from a patient-report measure of postconcussion symptom severity, the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI). Participants were recruited from September 2018 to December 2019 who had been referred for clinical evaluation to Rehabilitation Institute of Washington’s Brain Injury Services (a privately-run, interdisciplinary, outpatient clinic). 39 adult participants (30 males and nine females) completed both the GAD-7 and NSI. No control group was used. Injury severity level was ascertained via review of the medical records. Patients underwent an abbreviated evaluation with a clinical neuropsychologist. As a part of this initial evaluation, patients completed an intake packet, which included the NSI and GAD-7.

Results
The relationship between the ordinal variables (i.e., anxiety and postconscussive symptomology) was assessed using spearman’s rho. Anxiety had a strong, statistically significant relationship with postconcussive symptomology (rho = 0.670, p = 0.000).

Conclusions
Anxiety and postconcussive symptomology severity are associated in this population of patients with mTBI. Limitations of this current investigation include a small sample size and no control group. This study indicates the need for controlled studies in future research to address the above-encountered limitations. Nevertheless, this study lends support to the prevalence of anxiety in those with elevated postconcussive symptomology and the need to monitor this in assessment and treatment.
B-77 Buddha's Brain: A Systematic Review of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in the Rehabilitation Context
Authors: Smart C , Ali J , Silveira K , Viczko J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
The current study was intended to provide a rigorous systematic review of the evidence to date regarding the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in persons with neurologic illness/injury, a form of treatment that may be particularly well suited to the rehabilitation context due to its holistic approach.

Data Selection
The search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. We included any controlled trials of MBIs conducted in a neurological population, employing the specific practice of mindfulness meditation. A search protocol was created and executed by three of the authors to promote reliability and obtain the initial list of abstracts (n = 35). Two authors independently reviewed and extracted data from the final 30 full-text articles.

Data Synthesis
A majority (83%) of studies used randomized designs, with the most frequent diagnoses of interest being aging/ neurodegenerative diseases (n = 10), followed by MS (n = 6), TBI (n = 5), and ADHD (n = 5). Most trials that assessed psychological variables found significant benefits (n = 24), including variables such as fatigue, self-reported cognitive function, and specific neurological symptoms. Comparatively fewer studies looked at cognitive and/or neural outcomes (n = 18) such as attention or processing speed, although most did tend to find significant benefits in these outcomes as well.

Conclusions
Results of this review indicate promising evidence for the application of MBIs in the rehabilitation context. Further work is needed to determine whether targeting MBIs to certain symptom clusters as opposed to diagnoses would enhance observed clinical benefit.
C-03 The sensitivity and specificity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment is Age Dependent for Amyloid Positivity in a Mixed Clinical Sample
Authors: Hawley N , Bennett L , Ritter A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a widely-used screening tool for neurodegenerative disorders. Despite widespread use, there have been few investigations into correlations between MoCA and biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease pathology. This study examined the relationship between MoCA performance and the presence of amyloid as detected by positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods
Sensitivity and specificity for the total MoCA score were determined for 76 individuals (26 amyloid-negative, 50 amyloid- positive) who were between the ages of 55 and 90 and diagnosed with MCI or mild dementia with a CDR score of 0-1 and were participating in a longitudinal, observational study at the Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health. All individuals underwent an amyloid PET scan and cognitive screening.

Results
Sensitivity and specificity for the total score were determined using amyloid positivity as the standard. A cutpoint of 25 yielded the best balance between sensitivity and specificity (74% and 74%, respectively). A total score of 27 was required to achieve 90% sensitivity to identify amyloid positive individuals (i.e. only a 10% risk that individuals with a score of 28-30 have a positive scan). A score of 26 was required in individuals over the age of 75.

Conclusions
With the emergence of new diagnostic biomarkers, there is need to define the utility of affordable, widely-available screening tools. In this mixed clinical sample, the MoCA score showed good sensitivity for detecting amyloid pathology but with low specificity. Thus a total MoCA score of 28 is needed to confidently rule out risk for AD pathology.
A-17 Category Test performance in individuals with alcohol versus methamphetamine dependence
Authors: Walker A , Hauson A , Sarkissians S , Pollard A , Flora-Tostado C , Stelmach N , Holt A , Wollman S , Hall M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
The Category Test (CT) has consistently been found to be sensitive at detecting the effects of alcohol on the brain. However, this test has not been as widely used in examining the effects of methamphetamine. The current meta-analysis compared effect sizes of studies that have examined performance on the CT in alcohol versus methamphetamine dependent participants.

Data selection
Three researchers independently searched nine databases (e.g., PsycINFO, Pubmed, ProceedingsFirst), extracted required data, and calculated effect sizes. Inclusion criteria identified studies that had (a) compared alcohol or methamphetamine dependent groups to healthy controls and (b) matched groups on either age, education, or IQ (at least 2 out of 3). Studies were excluded if participants were reported to have Axis I diagnoses (other than alcohol or methamphetamine dependence) or comorbidities known to impact neuropsychological functioning. Sixteen articles were coded and analyzed for the current study.

Data synthesis
Alcohol studies showed a large effect size (g = 0.745, p < 0.001) while methamphetamine studies evidenced a moderate effect size (g = 0.406, p = 0.001); both without statistically significant heterogeneity (I2 = 0). Subgroup analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the effect sizes from alcohol versus methamphetamine studies (Q-between = 5.647, p = 0.017).

Conclusions
The CT is sensitive to the effects of both alcohol and methamphetamine and should be considered when examining dependent patients who might exhibit problem solving, concept formation, and set loss difficulties in everyday living.