bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Workshop for Addressing the Impact of the Imposter Syndrome on Clinical Nurse Specialists
Authors: Haney Tina Sweeney , Birkholz Lorri , Rutledge Carolyn 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
The imposter syndrome creates feelings of self-doubt in individuals, which can result in emotional paralysis preventing them from achieving their fullest potential. Clinical nurse specialists are not immune to this phenomenon. The purpose of this article is to describe an educational program designed to assist healthcare professionals, including clinical nurse specialist students, in identifying, understanding, and addressing imposter syndrome.

Description of Program:
Interprofessional students from 8 professions came together for a 2-week interprofessional education experience that included a 1-day workshop. After experiential team building and small group encounters with complicated standardized patients, students were introduced to the imposter syndrome. Students completed the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale and engaged in rich dialogue about the phenomenon, its effects, and personal strategies to overcome its impact.

Outcome:
When surveyed using the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale, clinical nurse specialist students consistently had high imposter tendencies. As a result of the program, students expressed feelings of liberation and empowerment.

Conclusion:
Clinical nurse specialist students can be impacted by the imposter syndrome, which has a potential to decrease their confidence, thus limiting their ability to practice at their highest potential. Programs that empower the clinical nurse specialists to recognize and address this phenomenon may increase their ability to optimize their role in healthcare.
Use of Roof-Shaped Costochondral Cartilage for Correction of Saddle Nose Deformity
Authors: Irmak Fatih , Yazar Sevgi K. , Sirvan Selami S. , Yazar Memet , Karsidag Semra 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Cartilage grafts are routinely used in secondary and posttraumatic rhinoplasty. However, in most cases, there are weak areas in the nasal bones and upper lateral cartilages. The purpose of this study was to seek a solution for the keystone area and dorsum of the nose in revision and posttraumatic rhinoplasty cases, and reconstruction of saddle nose deformity including upper lateral cartilage with a roof-shaped graft.

Methods:
A retrospective review of reconstructive rhinoplasties performed for saddle nose deformities was conducted. A part of the costochondral graft was carved and thinned (roof graft) for reconstruction of the keystone area and upper lateral cartilages, and another portion was used for making a neoseptal (reconstructed septum) graft and strut graft. The roof graft was capped onto the neoseptal graft with sutures, and this cartilage framework was adapted with fitting the cranial edge of the neoseptal cartilage between the nasal bones. Finally, the strut graft was fixed to the cartilage framework.

Results:
A significant improvement in nasal shape and overall appearance was achieved in all cases, and 71.42 percent of patients recovered from nasal obstruction. No gross absorption, graft exposure, or recurrence of deformities was observed.

Conclusions:
Surgical correction of a saddle-shaped nose should be an acceptable and uncomplicated technique, and the cosmetic result should be totally acceptable. There are many management options for a saddle-shaped nose. Use of roof grafts (shrunk gull-wing grafts) with neoseptal and strut grafts enables simulation of the internal nasal valve and results in a natural nasal position.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Human Acellular Dermis as Spacer for Small-Joint Arthroplasty: Analysis of Revascularization in a Rabbit Trapeziectomy Model
Authors: Banks Kian , Squitieri Lee , Bramos Athanasios , Johnson Maxwell B. , Gardner Daniel J. , Pourmoussa Austin J. , Jung Eunson , Lee Gene K. , Perrault David P. , Fedenko Alexander , Kim Gene H. , Han Bo , Hong Young-Kwon , Kulber David A. , Wong Alex K. 
Published: June 2018

Background:Carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis affects 8 to 12 percent of the general population. Surgical management provides symptomatic relief for 78 percent of patients who fail conservative therapy, but little consensus exists regarding which surgical procedure provides superior patient outcomes. Recent human trials substituted exogenous acellular dermal matrices in the bone space, but there are no quantitative histologic data on the outcome of acellular dermal matrices in this environment. The authors aimed to quantify the revascularization and recellularization of acellular dermal matrices in the joint space using a rabbit model.Methods:Bilateral lunate carpal bones were surgically removed in New Zealand rabbits. Acellular dermal matrix and autologous tissue were implanted in place of the lunate of the right and left wrists, respectively. Acellular dermal matrix was also implanted subcutaneously as a nonjoint control. Histologic and immunofluorescence analysis was performed after collection at 0, 6, and 12 weeks.Results:Quantitative analysis of anti–α-smooth muscle actin and CD31 immunofluorescence revealed a sequential and comparable increase of vascular lumens in joint space and subcutaneous acellular dermal matrices. In contrast, autologous tissue implanted in the joint space did not have a similar increase in α-smooth muscle actin–positive or CD31-positive lumens. Semiquantitative analysis revealed increased cellularity in both autologous and acellular dermal matrix wrist implants at each time point, whereas average cellularity of subcutaneous acellular dermal matrix peaked at 6 weeks and regressed by 12 weeks. Trichrome and Sirius red staining revealed abundant collagen at all time points.Conclusion:The trapeziectomy joint space supports both cellular and vascular ingrowth into human acellular dermal matrix.
Candida auris
Authors: Saris Katja , Meis Jacques F. , Voss Andreas 
Published: June 2018

Purpose of review
To give an update on the recent emergence of Candida auris.

Recent findings

C. auris is a pathogen, that evades present therapeutic options, that is highly virulent, causes disease in all types of patients, and spreads easily in the environment and among patients, thereby posing an imminent threat to our patients. The fact that C. auris, in addition, is more resilient to environmental disinfection and frequently misclassified during microbiological diagnostics only heightens its potential as a ‘perfect villain.’

Summary
Healthcare institutions, especially hospitals, need to ensure that their diagnostic and infection control policies to handle C. auris are in place.
Intraoperative Neural Monitoring in Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Via Bilateral Areola Approach
Authors: Zhang Daqi , Fu Qingfeng , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Wang Tie , Xin Jingwei , Zhang Jiao , Xue Gaofeng , Li Hongbo , Sun Hui 
Published: June 2018

Objective:
The aim of this report was dual: (a) to describe the step by step standardized intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) procedure for recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve focusing on percutaneous IONM method, and (b) evaluation and outcomes of intermittent IONM in 237 endoscopic thyroidectomy via bilateral areolar approach cases.

Materials and Methods:
A 10-mm curved incision is made along the margin of the right areola at the 2 to 4 o’clock position for the 30-degree endoscope. Bilaterally 5-mm incisions are required on the edges of the areola at the 11 to 12 o’clock positions as accessory operating ports. Ball-tip, monopolar, single-use, standard stimulating probe with a 10-cm handle and 9-cm shaft is adopted percutaneously for IONM. As reference, on the dominant thyroid lesion side, a 0.5-cm circle is drawn with the center at the intersection of a line 2-cm lateral to the anterior median line and a line 2-cm above the line connecting the bilateral clavicular heads. After ensuring with ultrasonography that no vessels are within the puncture passage, the skin is pierced with an 18-G syringe needle. After withdrawing the needle, the probe is carefully inserted through the tract. IONM is performed according to standards of equipment set up, anesthesia, tube positioning verification tests, and electromyography determinations.

Results:
A total of 277 nerves at risk were favorably monitored with percutaneous probe stimulation. RLN, vagus nerve, and external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve were successfully determined. There were no instances of IONM malfunction, equipment displacement, or interference with the other endoscopic instruments. IONM probe insertion incision determined no scarring or morbidity in the neck. The incidence of RLN monolateral temporary palsy was 6%.

Conclusions:
Standardized monitoring in endoscopic thyroidectomy via bilateral areolar approach is feasible. IONM was implemented by means of percutaneous stimulating probe.
Calcium activation of cortical neurons by continuous electrical stimulation: Frequency-dependence, temporal fidelity and activation density
Authors: Michelson Nicholas J. , Eles James R. , Vazquez Alberto L. , Ludwig Kip A , Kozai Takashi DY 
Published: June 2018

AbstractElectrical stimulation of the brain has become a mainstay of fundamental neuroscience research and an increasingly prevalent clinical therapy. Despite decades of use in basic neuroscience research and the growing prevalence of neuromodulation therapies, gaps in knowledge regarding activation or inactivation of neural elements over time have limited its ability to adequately interpret evoked downstream responses or fine-tune stimulation parameters to focus on desired responses. In this work, in vivo two-photon microscopy was used to image neuronal calcium activity in layer 2/3 neurons of somatosensory cortex (S1) in male C57BL/6J-Tg(Thy1-GCaMP6s)GP4.3Dkim/J mice during 30 s of continuous electrical stimulation at varying frequencies. We show frequency-dependent differences in spatial and temporal somatic responses during continuous stimulation. Our results elucidate conflicting results from prior studies reporting either dense spherical activation of somas biased towards those near the electrode, or sparse activation of somas at a distance via axons near the electrode. These findings indicate that the neural element specific temporal response local to the stimulating electrode changes as a function of applied charge density and frequency. These temporal responses need to be considered to properly interpret downstream circuit responses or determining mechanisms of action in basic science experiments or clinical therapeutic applications.Significance StatementMicrostimulation of small populations of neurons has the potential to ameliorate symptoms associated with several neurological disorders. However, the specific mechanisms by which microstimulation elicits therapeutic responses are unclear. This work examines the effects of continuous microstimulation on the local population of neurons surrounding the implanted electrode. Stimulation was found to elicit spatiotemporal neuronal responses in a frequency dependent manner. These findings suggest that stimulation frequency may be an important consideration for applications in research or therapy. Further research aimed at understanding these neuronal activation properties may provide insight into the mechanistic mode of action of continuous microstimulation.
Molecular basis for the evolution of species-specific hemoglobin capture by pathogenicStaphylococcus
Authors: Choby Jacob E. , Buechi Hanna B. , Farrand Allison J. , Skaar Eric P. , Barber Matthew F. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTMetals are a limiting resource for pathogenic bacteria and must be scavenged from host proteins. Hemoglobin provides the most abundant source of iron in the human body and is required by several pathogens to cause invasive disease. However, the consequences of hemoglobin evolution for bacterial nutrient acquisition remain unclear. Here we show that the α- and β-globin genes exhibit strikingly parallel signatures of adaptive evolution across simian primates. Rapidly evolving sites in hemoglobin correspond to binding interfaces of IsdB, a bacterial hemoglobin receptor encoded by pathogenicStaphylococcus aureus. Using an evolution-guided experimental approach, we demonstrate that divergence between primates and staphylococcal isolates governs hemoglobin recognition and bacterial growth. Reintroducing putative adaptive mutations in α- or β-globin proteins is sufficient to impairS. aureusbinding, providing a mechanism for the evolution of disease resistance. These findings suggest that bacterial hemoprotein capture has driven repeated evolutionary conflicts with hemoglobin during primate descent.
Staphylococcus aureusCas9 is a multiple-turnover enzyme
Authors: Yourik Paul , Fuchs Ryan T. , Mabuchi Megumu , Curcuru Jennifer L. , Brett Robb G. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTCas9 nuclease is the key effector of type II CRISPR adaptive immune systems found in bacteria. The nuclease can be programmed by a single guide RNA (sgRNA) to cleave DNA in a sequence-specific manner. This property has led to its widespread adoption as a genome editing tool in research laboratories and holds great promise for biotechnological and therapeutic applications. The general mechanistic features of catalysis by Cas9 homologs are comparable; however, a high degree of diversity exists among the protein sequences, which may result in subtle mechanistic differences.S. aureus(SauCas9) and especiallyS. pyogenes(SpyCas9) are among the best-characterized Cas9 proteins and share about 17% sequence identity. A notable feature of SpyCas9 is an extremely slow rate of reaction turnover, which is thought to limit the amount of substrate DNA cleavage. Usingin vitrobiochemistry and enzyme kinetics we directly compare SpyCas9 and SauCas9 activities. Here, we report that in contrast to SpyCas9, SauCas9 is a multiple-turnover enzyme, which to our knowledge is the first report of such activity in a Cas9 homolog. We also show that DNA cleaved with SauCas9 does not undergo any detectable single-stranded degradation after the initial double-stranded break observed previously with SpyCas9, thus providing new insights and considerations for future design of CRISPR/Cas9-based applications.
Understanding the Liver Under Heat Stress With Statistical Learning: A Multiomics Computational Approach
Authors: Hubbard Allen , Zhang Xiaoke , Jastrebski Sara , Singh Abhi , Schmidt Carl 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe present results from a pipeline developed to integrate multi-omics data in order to explore the heat stress response in the liver of the modern broiler chicken. Heat stress is a significant cause of productivity loss in the poultry industry, both in terms of increased livestock morbidity and its negative influence on average feed efficiency. This study focuses on the liver because it is an important regulator of metabolism, controlling many of the physiological processes impacted by prolonged heat stress. Using statistical learning methods, we identify genes and metabolites that may regulate the heat stress response in the liver and adaptations required to acclimate to prolonged heat stress. Our findings provide more detailed context for genomic studies and generates hypotheses about dietary interventions that can mitigate the negative influence of heat stress on the poultry industry.Abbreviation TermRNA-seqRibonucleic Acid SequencingGWAGenome Wide AssociationSNPSingle Nucleotide PolymorphismPCAPrincipal Component AnalysisGTEXGenotype Tissue ExpressionK1rate constant for forward reactionK2rate constant for reverse reactionF6Pfructose-6-phosphateG3Pglycerol-3-phosphateS100ZS100 Calcium Binding Protein ZFBP2Fructose-Bisphosphatase-2NADKD1NAD Kinase, mitochondrialNADNicotinamide Adenine DinucleotideNADPNicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide PhoshpateNADPHNicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate, Reduced
Open source modules for tracking animal behavior and closed-loop stimulation based on Open Ephys and Bonsai
Authors: Buccino Alessio Paolo , Lepperød Mikkel Elle , Dragly Svenn-Arne , Häfliger Philipp , Fyhn Marianne , Hafting Torkel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveA major goal in systems neuroscience is to determine the causal relationship between neural activity and behavior. To this end, methods that combine monitoring neural activity, behavioral tracking, and targeted manipulation of neurons in closed-loop are powerful tools. However, commercial systems that allow these types of experiments are usually expensive and rely on non-standardized data formats and proprietary software which may hinder user-modifications for specific needs. In order to promote reproducibility and data-sharing in science, transparent software and standardized data formats are an advantage. Here, we present an open source, low-cost, adaptable, and easy to set-up system for combined behavioral tracking, electrophysiology and closed-loop stimulation.ApproachBased on the Open Ephys system (www.open-ephys.org) we developed multiple modules to include real-time tracking and behavior-based closed-loop stimulation. We describe the equipment and provide a step-by-step guide to set up the system. Combining the open source software Bonsai (bonsai-rx.org) for analyzing camera images in real time with the newly developed modules in Open Ephys, we acquire position information, visualize tracking, and perform tracking-based closed-loop stimulation experiments. To analyze the acquired data we provide an open source file reading package in Python.Main resultsThe system robustly visualizes real-time tracking and reliably recovers tracking information recorded from a range of sampling frequencies (30-1000Hz). We combined electrophysiology with the newly-developed tracking modules in Open Ephys to record place cell and grid cell activity in the hippocampus and in the medial entorhinal cortex, respectively. Moreover, we present a case in which we used the system for closed-loop optogenetic stimulation of entorhinal grid cells.SignificanceExpanding the Open Ephys system to include animal tracking and behavior-based closed-loop stimulation extends the availability of high-quality, low-cost experimental setup within standardized data formats serving the neuroscience community.
Phase-type distributions in population genetics
Authors: Hobolth Asger , Siri-Jégousse Arno , Bladt Mogens 
Published: June 2018

AbstractProbability modelling for DNA sequence evolution is well established and provides a rich framework for understanding genetic variation between samples of individuals from one or more populations. We show that both classical and more recent models for coalescence (with or without recombination) can be described in terms of the so-called phase-type theory, where complicated and tedious calculations are circumvented by the use of matrices. The application of phase-type theory consists of describing the stochastic model as a Markov model by appropriately setting up a state space and calculating the corresponding intensity and reward matrices. Formulae of interest are then expressed in terms of these aforementioned matrices. We illustrate this by a few examples calculating the mean, variance and even higher order moments of the site frequency spectrum in the multiple merger coalescent models, and by analysing the mean and variance for the number of segregating sites for multiple samples in the two-locus ancestral recombination graph. We believe that phase-type theory has great potential as a tool for analysing probability models in population genetics. The compact matrix notation is useful for clarification of current models, in particular their formal manipulation (calculation), but also for further development or extensions.
Quantitative Late Quaternary climate reconstruction from plant macrofossil proxy in Western North America
Authors: Harbert Robert S. , Nixon Kevin C. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe Late Quaternary packrat (Neotomaspp.) midden plant macrofossil record in western North America is an exceptional record of biotic change that provides strong evidence of past climate. In this study we generate quantitative estimates of climate from plant community composition of more than 600 individual paleomiddens over the past 50,000 years. This is the first large-scale application of CRACLE, a quantitative climate inference method that uses plant community composition as a climatic proxy under and individualistic concept of plant community assembly. The results are spatiotemporally specific estimates of temperature, precipitation, available moisture, and seasonal patterns that are consistent with well understood global climate patterns, but provide previously unavailable detail and precision of the regional paleoclimate in western North America. Rapid warming is estimated at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, at a conservative estimate of ca. 1°C per millennium. Previously projected future temperature increases suggest a rate of increase of more than 2°C over the next century, an astonishing 10X the rate experienced at any point during the past 50,000 years in Western North America. These analyses form a baseline demonstration of how the growing paleoecological record of packrat midden plant macrofossils is able to provide quantitative estimates of paleoclimate that aid in understanding the complexities of, and biotic responses to the regional climate system.
The effect of susceptible and resistant potato cultivars on bacterial communities in the tuberosphere of potato in soil suppressive or conducive to common scab disease
Authors: Kopecky Jan , Samkova Zuzana , Sarikhani Ensyeh , Kyselková Martina , Omelka Marek , Kristufek Vaclav , Divis Jiri , Grundmann Geneviève G. , Moenne-Loccoz Yvan , Sagova-Mareckova Marketa 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTConnections between the structure of bacterial communities in suppressive soils and potato resistance to common scab (CS) are not well understood. In this study, one resistant and one susceptible cultivar were grown in a conducive and suppressive field to assess cultivar resistance × soil suppressiveness interactions. The resistant cultivar had a higher Mg content in periderm compare to susceptible cultivar, while suppressive soil had lower pH (5.3 vs 5.9), N, C, P, Ca contents but higher Fe and S compared with the conducive soil. Bacteria and actinobacteria numbers were higher in the conducive soil. Copy numbers oftxtBgene (coding for a pathogenicity determinant) were similar in both soils but were higher in the conducive soil (for periderm samples) and in the susceptible cultivar (for conducive soil samples). Taxonomic microarray analysis and Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplicon showed that bacterial community differed between resistant vs susceptible cultivar and to a lesser extend between suppressive vs conducive soil. Bacteria participating in soil suppression belonged toPseudomonadaceae, Bradyrhizobiaceae, AcetobacteraceaeandPaenibacillaceae, while resistant cultivars selected a bacterial community resembling that of the suppressive soil, which was enriched inNitrospiraeandAcidobacteria. Thus, the analysis of soil suppressiveness×cultivar resistance interactions enabled to gain new insight to CS control in the field.IMPORTANCEIt was demonstrated that potato cultivars susceptible and resistant to common scab select differing bacterial community and above that this trait is further modified in suppressive and conducive soil. Common scab severity was diminished by either resistant cultivar or suppressive soil but without additive effect between them. Out of the two factors, potato cultivar had a more significant influence on tuberosphere bacterial community composition than soil. Results highlighted the usefulness of both cultivar resistance and soil suppressiveness traits in understanding and managing disease control of crops.