bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Matrix Element Method at next-to-leading order QCD for hadronic collisions: single top-quark production at the LHC as an example application
Authors: Martini Till , Uwer Peter 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecently, a general algorithm to extend the Matrix Element Method (MEM) by taking into account next-to-leading-order (NLO) corrections in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) has been presented. In this article, the algorithm is applied to the most general case that coloured partons are encountered in the initial as well as the final state. This represents a substantial extension compared to previous work. As a concrete example, the production of single top quarks at the LHC is studied. We present in detail the generation of unweighted events following the NLO predictions. By treating these events as the result of a toy experiment, we show the first proof-of-principle application of the Matrix Element Method at NLO QCD for hadronic jet production. As an illustration, we study the determination of the top-quark mass. We find that — apart from elevating the powerful MEM to a sound theoretical foundation at NLO — the inclusion of the NLO corrections can lead to sizeable effects compared to the Matrix Element Method relying on leading-order predictions only. Furthermore, we find that the incorporation of the NLO corrections is mandatory to obtain reliable estimates of the theoretical uncertainties. In addition, this work shows that measuring the top-quark mass using the MEM in single top-quark production offers an interesting alternative to mass measurements in top-quark pair production.
Casein kinase 2 α and β subunits inversely modulate ABA signal output in Arabidopsis protoplasts
Authors: Nagatoshi Yukari , Fujita Miki , Fujita Yasunari 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMain conclusionOur transient gene expression analyses inArabidopsisprotoplasts support the view that CK2αs and CK2βs positively and negatively modulate ABRE-dependent gene expression, respectively.The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates the expression of thousands of genes via ABA-responsive elements (ABREs), and has a crucial role in abiotic stress response. Casein kinase II (CK2), a conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase in eukaryotes, is essential for plant viability. Although the CK2 has been known as a tetrameric holoenzyme comprised of two catalytic α and two regulatory β subunits, each of the two types of subunits has been proposed to have independent functions. TheArabidopsisgenome encodes four α subunits (CK2α1,CK2α2,CK2α3,CK2α4) and four β subunits (CK2β1,CK2β2,CK2β3,CK2β4). There is a growing body of evidence linking CK2 to ABA signaling and abiotic stress responses. However, the roles of each CK2 subunit in ABA signaling remain largely elusive. Using the transient expression system with the core ABA signaling components inArabidopsisleaf mesophyll protoplasts, we show here that CK2α1 and CK2α2 (CK2α1/2) positively modulate ABRE-dependent gene expression as ABA signal output in ABA signaling, whereas all four CK2βs negatively modulate the ABRE-dependent gene expression mediated by subclass III SnRK2–AREB/ABF pathway and by CK2α1/2. These data indicate that CK2α1/2 and CK2βs positively and negatively modulate ABA signal output, respectively, suggesting that the quantitative balance of CK2 subunits determines the ABA signal output in plants. Given that CK2s act as pleiotropic enzymes involved in multiple developmental and stress–responsive processes, our findings suggest that CK2 subunits may be involved in integration and coordination of ABA-dependent and -independent signaling.
“Our lives aren't over”: A strengths‐based perspective on stigma, discrimination, and coping among young parents
Authors: Conn Bridgid Mariko , de Figueiredo Sophie , Sherer Sara , Mankerian Meray , Iverson Ellen 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe current study conducted interviews and focus groups with twenty‐four diverse 16‐25 year‐old parents to elicit in‐depth narratives about experiences related to parenting status. Parents were recruited from a case management program in the Southwestern United States supporting high school graduation and workforce employment (for mothers and fathers, respectively). Young parents disclosed experiences of shame, stigma, and discrimination associated with perceptions about their “fitness” to be a parent and moral judgment. Themes arose that revealed the positive, adaptive ways that participants coped with potentially deleterious experiences with a focus on their role as a parent and role model for their children. Our findings highlight positive meaning‐making and resiliency of young parents when confronted with discrimination and systemic barriers, with many participants focusing on the benefits of parenthood within a unique developmental context. Further, implications for program development, provider trainings, and public policy and advocacy efforts for young parents are discussed.
Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract procedure and its modifications
Authors: Gendia Ahmed Mohamed Elsayed Metwalli Ali , Abd-erRazik Mahmmad Ahmad , Hanna Hanna Habib 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Purpose Treatment of anal fistulae is regarded as a challenge due to the diverse nature of this disease and its countless complications. Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract procedure and its modifications have been popularized among many surgeons worldwide due to their simplicity and promising outcomes. The main purpose of this article was to conduct a comprehensives review of the published literature on ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract procedure and its modifications.
Method PubMed, the Cochrane database and Ovid were searched from January 2007 to June 2017. Fully published peer-reviewed studies which applied ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract procedure and its modifications for the treatment of anal fistulae of cryptogenic origin with follow-up of median 12 months were eligible. Uncompleted studies, case reports, reviews, abstracts, letters, short communication, comments, and studies which did not fulfill inclusion criteria were excluded. The primary outcome was to measure primary healing, overall healing, failure, and recurrence of ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract procedure and its modifications.
Results Twenty-two studies were identified with only ten studies meeting criteria of inclusion. Original ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract was performed in five studies with a population of 199 patients while the remaining five studies showed four different modifications of the ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract with a total number of 147 patients. Both original LIFT and its modifications have promising as well as potentially similar outcomes; primary healing in the original ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (73.95%) (95% CI 60.3–85.6) performed less than the modifications (82.3%) (95% CI 64.8–94.7). Overall healing in the original ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (78.9%) (95% CI 58.5–93.7) performed relatively less than in the modifications (93.6%) (95% CI 81.4–99.6). Failure in the original ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (17.9%) (95% CI 4.9–36.5) performed almost the same as the modifications (17.7%) (95% CI 5.3–35.2). Recurrence in the original ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract was 9.7% (95% CI 1.7–23.2). However, there was no recurrence in the modifications.
Conclusion Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract and its modifications are effective and simple procedures in treating simple anal fistulae, especially high transsphincteric ones. However, more trials should be performed to evaluate its effectiveness regarding complex fistulae.
Impacto femoroacetabular – Fatores associados à presença de lesões profundas da junção condrolabral
Authors: Faccioni Samuel , Cachoeira Vinicius Adelchi , Knop Gabriel Pozzobon , Silva Luiz Henrique Penteado , Knop Tercildo 
Published: May 2018

ResumoObjetivo Avaliar os fatores associados à presença de lesões condrais profundas (graus III e IV de Konan/Haddad) em pacientes submetidos à artroscopia do quadril para tratamento do impacto femoroacetabular (IFA).Método Estudo transversal, prospectivo, de uma série de 125 artroscopias consecutivas do quadril feitas entre maio de 2016 e maio de 2017. Depois de aplicados os critérios de exclusão, foram analisados 107 quadris de 92 pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico do IFA dos tipos misto e CAM. Para fins de análise, os grupos foram divididos entre lesões consideradas leves e profundas, e foi feita associação com escore de sintomas, ângulo de cobertura lateral, ângulo alfa, idade, gênero, e classificação radiológica de artrose. Foram considerados como estatisticamente significativos testes com valor de probabilidade < 0,05.Resultados Pacientes cujos quadris apresentaram lesões consideradas profundas tiveram escores de quadril não artrítico (NAHSs, na sigla em inglês) significativamente maiores do que aqueles cujos quadris apresentavam lesões consideradas leves ou não apresentavam lesão condrolabral (67,9 ± 19,4 versus 57,0 ± 21,9; p = 0,027). A prevalência de lesões profundas foi maior nos quadris Tonnis 1 do que nos que apresentaram Tonnis 0: 15 (55,6%) versus 10 (12,7%), respectivamente; p < 0,001. Homens apresentaram melhores escores funcionais e maior prevalência de lesões graus III e IV do que as mulheres: 65,6 ± 19,6 versus 49,3 ± 21,6; p < 0,001, e 23 (34,3%) versus 2 (5,0%), p = 0,001, respectivamente.Conclusão Homens apresentaram maior prevalência de lesões profundas. Quadris Tonnis 1 tiveram um risco 4,4 vezes maior de apresentar essas lesões. Pacientes com lesões condrolabrais profundas apresentaram melhor escore funcional pré-operatório.
Established amyloid‐β pathology is unaffected by chronic treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine
Authors: Severino Maurizio , Sivasaravanaparan Mithula , Olesen Louise Ø. , von Linstow Christian U. , Metaxas Athanasios , Bouzinova Elena V. , Khan Asif Manzoor , Lambertsen Kate L. , Babcock Alicia A. , Gramsbergen Jan Bert , Wiborg Ove , Finsen Bente 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionTreatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors has been suggested to mitigate amyloid‐β (Aβ) pathology in Alzheimer's disease, in addition to an antidepressant mechanism of action.MethodsWe investigated whether chronic treatment with paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, mitigates Aβ pathology in plaque‐bearing double‐transgenic amyloid precursor protein (APP)swe/presenilin 1 (PS1)ΔE9 mutants. In addition, we addressed whether serotonin depletion affects Aβ pathology. Treatments were assessed by measurement of serotonin transporter occupancy and high‐performance liquid chromatography. The effect of paroxetine on Aβ pathology was evaluated by stereological plaque load estimation and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsContrary to our hypothesis, paroxetine therapy did not mitigate Aβ pathology, and depletion of brain serotonin did not exacerbate Aβ pathology. However, chronic paroxetine therapy increased mortality in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mice.DiscussionOur results question the ability of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor therapy to ameliorate established Aβ pathology. The severe adverse effect of paroxetine may discourage its use for disease‐modifying purposes in Alzheimer's disease.
Localisation method for a Mars aircraft using multispectral images
Authors: Tokutake H. , Kido M. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTIn Japan, the working group for the Mars Exploration Aircraft continues to research and develop a Mars aircraft aiming to a future survey mission. To ensure the success of the flight mission, a self-localisation system with low-computational complexity is necessary. In the present research, a new self-localisation method is proposed using multispectral images. The algorithm is based on the simple mapping of image moment invariants and gradients calculated from several images at different wavelengths. The numerical simulations revealed the sufficient robustness of the proposed method to image noise. The estimation accuracy can be improved by increasing the number of the spectral images.
Viewing Backwards: Egyptian Historical Television Dramas in the 1990s
Authors: Gordon Joel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe 1990s marked an important moment in Egyptian television, when the country turned its attention increasingly (although never monolithically) toward historical drama as a means of recreating and reinterpreting modern Egyptian history. Mahfouz Abd al-Rahman and Osama Anwar Okasha, in particular, scripted long multi-year series aired during Ramadan, the peak season for television viewing, that covered decades of the late ninteenth century and pre-Nasserist history, in many ways re-writing public history, and making historical drama—and history—fashionable. I focus here on the former and his first mega-hitBawabat al-Halawani (Halawani Gate). Biographical dramas, initially of artists, but later politicians, kings, and religious leaders would follow. As the Egyptian industry atrophied in the following decade these dramatists passed the mantle on to the Syrians, later the Turks, who broke the Egyptian monopoly and brought their own stories to the fore. But a rebirth may be in view.
Turkey at a Crossroads? The 2017 Referendum's Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Bostan-Unsal Fatma 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA thorough assessment of Turkey's 2017 constitutional referendum requires a review of (1) the process that led to the formulation of the changes; (2) the amendments’ impact on the judiciary; (3) the risks posed by the emerging regime after the implementation of the changes or, in other words, the political governance structure of Turkey after 2019; and (4) the opportunities and dangers facing Turkey's democracy within the current context. The analysis below indicates that the amendments adopted under a state of emergency might result in an irreversible power grab and risk democratic collapse but also offer an opportunity to reconstruct Turkey's political sphere to better address challenges to its democracy.
Incentive Effects of Cash Benefits among Young People. A Natural Experiment from Norway
Authors: DRANGE IDA , JAKOBSSON NIKLAS 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPrior research on active labour market programmes (ALMPs) for young people has revealed either no effect or negative effects on transition rates into employment. In addition to accessing the programme content, participation in ALMPs bestows the right to a supplementary benefit. Yet, the direct effect of this benefit on the use and outcome of ALMPs remains largely unknown. We study the effects of a Norwegian policy that pays much higher benefits to recipients when they reach 19 years of age. This policy provides a natural experimental setting that allows us to utilise the age discontinuity to observe whether young people are more likely to become benefit recipients after their nineteenth birthday, and to estimate the effect of benefits on the labour supply. As age determines the increase in benefits rather than need, it creates a random and exogenous variation in the criteria for allocating cash benefits. We use Norwegian administrative register data that cover all 18 to 19 year olds during the period 2003 to 2012. We find no effect on programme take-up or employment rates. Hence, benefits do not work against the aim of ALMPs and young people's responsiveness to financial incentives cannot explain such programmes’ lack of effects.
Assessment in Work Productivity and the Relationship with Cognitive Symptoms (AtWoRC): primary analysis from a Canadian open-label study of vortioxetine in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD)
Authors: Chokka Pratap , Bougie Joanna , Rampakakis Emmanouil , Proulx Jean 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveThe Assessment in Work Productivity and the Relationship with Cognitive Symptoms (AtWoRC) study aimed to assess the association between cognitive symptoms and work productivity in gainfully employed patients receiving vortioxetine for a major depressive episode (MDE).MethodsPatients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) and treated with vortioxetine independently of study enrollment were assessed over 52 weeks at visits that emulated a real-life setting. Patients were classified as those receiving vortioxetine as the first treatment for their current MDE (first treatment) or having shown inadequate response to a previous antidepressant (switch). The primary endpoint was the correlation between changes in patient-reported cognitive symptoms (20-item Perceived Deficits Questionnaire [PDQ-D-20]) and changes in work productivity loss (Work Limitations Questionnaire [WLQ]) at week 12. Additional assessments included changes in symptom and disease severity, cognitive performance, functioning, work loss, and safety.ResultsIn the week 12 primary analysis, 196 eligible patients at 26 Canadian sites were enrolled, received at least one treatment dose, and attended at least one postbaseline study visit. This analysis demonstrated a significant, strong correlation between PDQ-D-20 and WLQ productivity loss scores (r=0.634; p<0.001), and this correlation was significant in both first treatment and switch patients (p<0.001). A weaker correlation between Digit Symbol Substitution Test and WLQ scores was found (r=−0.244; p=0.003).ConclusionAt 12 weeks, improvements in cognitive dysfunction were significantly associated with improvements in workplace productivity in patients with MDD, suggesting a role for vortioxetine in functional recovery in MDD.
Screening for delirium with the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC): Symptom profile and utility of individual items in the identification of delirium dependent on the level of sedation
Authors: Boettger Soenke , Meyer Rafael , Richter André , Fernandez Susana Franco , Rudiger Alain , Schubert Maria , Jenewein Josef , Nuñez David Garcia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe importance of the proper identification of delirium, with its high incidence and adversities in the intensive care setting, has been widely recognized. One common screening instrument is the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC); however, the symptom profile and key features of delirium dependent on the level of sedation have not yet been evaluated.MethodIn this prospective cohort study, the ICDSC was evaluated versus the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition, text revision, diagnosis of delirium set as standard with respect to the symptom profile, and correct identification of delirium. The aim of this study was to identify key features of delirium in the intensive care setting dependent on the Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale levels of sedation: drowsiness versus alert and calmness.ResultThe 88 delirious patients of 225 were older, had more severe disease, and prolonged hospitalization. Irrespective of the level of sedation, delirium was correctly classified by items related to inattention, disorientation, psychomotor alterations, inappropriate speech or mood, and symptom fluctuation. In the drowsy patients, inattention reached substantial sensitivity and specificity, whereas psychomotor alterations and sleep-wake cycle disturbances were sensitive lacked specificity. The positive prediction was substantial across items, whereas the negative prediction was only moderate. In the alert and calm patient, the sensitivities were substantial for psychomotor alterations, sleep-wake cycle disturbances, and symptom fluctuations; however, these fluctuations were not specific. The positive prediction was moderate and the negative prediction substantial. Between the nondelirious drowsy and alert, the symptom profile was similar; however, drowsiness was associated with alterations in consciousness.Significance of resultsIn the clinical routine, irrespective of the level of sedation, delirium was characterized by the ICDSC items for inattention, disorientation, psychomotor alterations, inappropriate speech or mood and symptom fluctuation. Further, drowsiness caused altered levels of consciousness.
Species-specific transcriptomic network inference of interspecies interactions
Authors: McClure Ryan S , Overall Christopher C , Hill Eric A , Song Hyun-Seob , Charania Moiz , Bernstein Hans C , McDermott Jason E , Beliaev Alexander S 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The advent of high-throughput ‘omics approaches coupled with computational analyses to reconstruct individual genomes from metagenomes provides a basis for species-resolved functional studies. Here, a mutual information approach was applied to build a gene association network of a commensal consortium, in which a unicellular cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP1 supported the heterotrophic growth of Meiothermus ruber strain A. Specifically, we used the context likelihood of relatedness (CLR) algorithm to generate a gene association network from 25 transcriptomic datasets representing distinct growth conditions. The resulting interspecies network revealed a number of linkages between genes in each species. While many of the linkages were supported by the existing knowledge of phototroph-heterotroph interactions and the metabolism of these two species several new interactions were inferred as well. These include linkages between amino acid synthesis and uptake genes, as well as carbohydrate and vitamin metabolism, terpenoid metabolism and cell adhesion genes. Further topological examination and functional analysis of specific gene associations suggested that the interactions are likely to center around the exchange of energetically costly metabolites between T. elongatus and M. ruber. Both the approach and conclusions derived from this work are widely applicable to microbial communities for identification of the interactions between species and characterization of community functioning as a whole.
Molecular polarizability anisotropy of liquid water revealed by terahertz-induced transient orientation
Authors: Zalden Peter , Song Liwei , Wu Xiaojun , Huang Haoyu , Ahr Frederike , Mücke Oliver D. , Reichert Joscha , Thorwart Michael , Mishra Pankaj Kr. , Welsch Ralph , Santra Robin , Kärtner Franz X. , Bressler Christian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractReaction pathways of biochemical processes are influenced by the dissipative electrostatic interaction of the reagents with solvent water molecules. The simulation of these interactions requires a parametrization of the permanent and induced dipole moments. However, the underlying molecular polarizability of water and its dependence on ions are partially unknown. Here, we apply intense terahertz pulses to liquid water, whose oscillations match the timescale of orientational relaxation. Using a combination of terahertz pump / optical probe experiments, molecular dynamics simulations, and a Langevin dynamics model, we demonstrate a transient orientation of their dipole moments, not possible by optical excitation. The resulting birefringence reveals that the polarizability of water is lower along its dipole moment than the average value perpendicular to it. This anisotropy, also observed in heavy water and alcohols, increases with the concentration of sodium iodide dissolved in water. Our results enable a more accurate parametrization and a benchmarking of existing and future water models.