bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract CN04-02: Pancreatic cancer: Deriving a model of prevention
Authors: Rhim Andrew D. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. However, PDAC is only the ninth most prevalent cancer, underscoring the grim prognosis in this disease. Indeed, early diagnosis in this disease has been an abject failure, as more than 80% of all patients are diagnosed with either locally advanced or distant metastatic disease, precluding surgical resection. In this brief discussion, the problem of early diagnosis will be contextualized with attention to factors specific to the biology of PDAC that have made this particularly challenging. Finally, strategies utilizing novel bench-to-bedside approaches to identify novel biomarkers and diagnostic strategies, including the measured use of genetically engineered mouse models, will be highlighted.
Citation Format: Andrew D. Rhim. Pancreatic cancer: Deriving a model of prevention. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr CN04-02.
Abstract CN07-01: A phase IIa randomized, double-blind trial of erlotinib in inhibiting EGF receptor signaling in aberrant crypt foci of the colon
Authors: Lipkin Steven , Bhattacharya Asmita , Morgan Timothy , Zell Jason , Gillen Daniel , Wong Vanessa , Chung Jinah , Chen Wen Pin , Gonzalez Rachel , Meyskens Frank , Rodriguez Luz , Szabo Eva , Carroll Robert , Benya Richard 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) progresses through multiple distinct stages that are potentially amenable to chemopreventative intervention. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) inhibitors can shrink advanced tumors including CRC. There is significant evidence that EGFR also plays important roles in CRC initiation, and that EGFR inhibitors block tumorigenesis. We therefore performed a double-blind randomized trial (N=45) to test whether the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib (25mg, 50mg and 100mg doses) given for up to 28 days had an acceptable safety and efficacy profile to reduce EGFR signaling biomarkers in colorectal aberrant crypt foci (ACF), a subset of which progress to CRC, and normal rectal tissue. Participants were stratified by NSAID dose. Erlotinib was well tolerated and there were no unanticipated adverse events. Colorectal ACF and normal tissue EGFR signaling changes with erlotinib were modest and there was no clear dose response. However, individuals with high baseline EGFR signaling may potentially constitute a subset that could benefit from this strategy. Overall, our results support the safety of erlotinib in the chemoprevention setting, but efficacy in colorectal EGFR signaling inhibition is likely insufficient to merit further studies without additional pre-screening stratification.
Citation Format: Steven Lipkin, Asmita Bhattacharya, Timothy Morgan, Jason Zell, Daniel Gillen, Vanessa Wong, Jinah Chung, Wen Pin Chen, Rachel Gonzalez, Frank Meyskens, Luz Rodriguez, Eva Szabo, Robert Carroll, Richard Benya. A phase IIa randomized, double-blind trial of erlotinib in inhibiting EGF receptor signaling in aberrant crypt foci of the colon. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr CN07-01.
Abstract ED01-02: Inflammatory responses in gastrointestinal cancer development and malignant progression
Authors: Oshima Masanobu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Approximately 20% of malignant cancers are associated with chronic infectious disease. Moreover, accumulating evidence has indicated that infection-induced chronic inflammation plays an important role in cancer development. For example, atrophic gastritis and chronic hepatitis caused by H. pylori infection and hepatitis virus infection, respectively, are risk factors for cancer development in the respective organs. Consistently, regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that target cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, reduces a risk of gastrointestinal cancer development. We have constructed gastric cancer mouse model, Gan mice, by transgenic expression of Wnt1, COX-2, and mPGES-1, which activates canonical Wnt signaling and inflammatory COX-2/PGE2 pathway simultaneously in the stomach. Importantly, Gan mice develop inflammation-associated gastric cancer with 100% incidence. Using Gan mouse model, we have found that bacterial infection through TLR/Myd88 signaling as well as proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α pathway are required for gastric tumor development. Both pathways activate NF-κB in cancer cells, and recent results indicate that NF-κB activation induces dedifferentiation of epithelial cells through acquisition of stem-cell-like properties. Moreover, it has been shown that p53 mutation activates NF-κB pathway in cancer tissues. These results indicate that NF-κB activation caused by cytokine signaling or oncogenic activation plays a key role in gastrointestinal cancer development. Moreover, our preliminary results indicate that inflammatory responses are required also for malignant invasion. Accordingly, regulation of chronic inflammation will be an effective preventive strategy against gastrointestinal cancer development and progression.
Citation Format: Masanobu Oshima. Inflammatory responses in gastrointestinal cancer development and malignant progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr ED01-02.
Abstract PL01-03: Tobacco assessment and cessation in cancer patients: An urgent need
Authors: Toll Benjamin A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Tobacco use is associated with poor outcomes (e.g., increased toxicity) in cancer patients, and tobacco cessation is related to several favorable outcomes (e.g., improved response to cancer treatments, decreased risk for a second primary tumor, increased survival). However, tobacco cessation support is not routinely provided to cancer patients. This presentation will cover the current status of tobacco assessment and cessation in clinical practice and in clinical trials. Specifically, national data regarding cancer treatment provider behaviors and preferences with regard to tobacco assessment and cessation support will be discussed. In addition, tobacco use assessment and referral or provision of treatment in national clinical trials will be reviewed. Strategies for implementation of tobacco cessation into standard clinical cancer care will be discussed, with a presentation of a variety of prototypical programs. The ongoing need for additional research in all of these areas will also be discussed.
Citation Format: Benjamin A. Toll. Tobacco assessment and cessation in cancer patients: An urgent need. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr PL01-03.
Intussusceptive Vascular Remodeling Precedes Pathological Neovascularization
Authors: Ali Zaheer , Mukwaya Anthony , Biesemeier Antje , Ntzouni Maria , Ramsköld Daniel , Giatrellis Sarantis , Mammadzada Parviz , Cao Renhai , Lennikov Anton , Marass Michele , Gerri Claudia , Hildesjö Camilla , Taylor Michael , Deng Qiaolin , Peebo Beatrice , del Peso Luis , Kvanta Anders , Sandberg Rickard , Schraermeyer Ulrich , Andre Helder , Steffensen John F. , Lagali Neil , Cao Yihai , Kele Julianna , Jensen Lasse Dahl 
Published: May 2019

Objective—
Pathological neovascularization is crucial for progression and morbidity of serious diseases such as cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. While mechanisms of ongoing pathological neovascularization have been extensively studied, the initiating pathological vascular remodeling (PVR) events, which precede neovascularization remains poorly understood. Here, we identify novel molecular and cellular mechanisms of preneovascular PVR, by using the adult choriocapillaris as a model.

Approach and Results—
Using hypoxia or forced overexpression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) in the subretinal space to induce PVR in zebrafish and rats respectively, and by analyzing choriocapillaris membranes adjacent to choroidal neovascular lesions from age-related macular degeneration patients, we show that the choriocapillaris undergo robust induction of vascular intussusception and permeability at preneovascular stages of PVR. This PVR response included endothelial cell proliferation, formation of endothelial luminal processes, extensive vesiculation and thickening of the endothelium, degradation of collagen fibers, and splitting of existing extravascular columns. RNA-sequencing established a role for endothelial tight junction disruption, cytoskeletal remodeling, vesicle- and cilium biogenesis in this process. Mechanistically, using genetic gain- and loss-of-function zebrafish models and analysis of primary human choriocapillaris endothelial cells, we determined that HIF (hypoxia-induced factor)-1α-VEGF-A-VEGFR2 signaling was important for hypoxia-induced PVR.

Conclusions—
Our findings reveal that PVR involving intussusception and splitting of extravascular columns, endothelial proliferation, vesiculation, fenestration, and thickening is induced before neovascularization, suggesting that identifying and targeting these processes may prevent development of advanced neovascular disease in the future.

Visual Overview—
An online visual overview is available for this article.
Genetic Determinants of Circulating Glycine Levels and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Jia Qiong , Han Yi , Huang Pin , Woodward Nicholas C. , Gukasyan Janet , Kettunen Johannes , Ala‐Korpela Mika , Anufrieva Olga , Wang Qin , Perola Markus , Raitakari Olli , Lehtimäki Terho , Viikari Jorma , Järvelin Marjo‐Riitta , Boehnke Michael , Laakso Markku , Mohlke Karen L. , Fiehn Oliver , Wang Zeneng , Tang W.H. Wilson , Hazen Stanley L. , Hartiala Jaana A. , Allayee Hooman 
Published: May 2019

Background

Recent studies have revealed sexually dimorphic associations between the carbamoyl‐phosphate synthase 1 locus, intermediates of the metabolic pathway leading from choline to urea, and risk of coronary artery disease (
CAD
) in women. Based on evidence from the literature, the atheroprotective association with carbamoyl‐phosphate synthase 1 could be mediated by the strong genetic effect of this locus on increased circulating glycine levels.

Methods and Results

We sought to identify additional genetic determinants of circulating glycine levels by carrying out a meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association study data in up to 30 118 subjects of European ancestry. Mendelian randomization and other analytical approaches were used to determine whether glycine‐associated variants were associated with
CAD
and traditional risk factors. Twelve loci were significantly associated with circulating glycine levels, 7 of which were not previously known to be involved in glycine metabolism (

ACADM

,

PHGDH

,

COX
18‐
ADAMTS
3

,

PSPH

,

TRIB
1

,

PTPRD

, and

ABO

). Glycine‐raising alleles at several loci individually exhibited directionally consistent associations with decreased risk of
CAD
. However, these effects could not be attributed directly to glycine because of associations with other
CAD
‐related traits. By comparison, genetic models that only included the 2 variants directly involved in glycine degradation and for which there were no other pleiotropic associations were not associated with risk of
CAD
or blood pressure, lipid levels, and obesity‐related traits.

Conclusions

These results provide additional insight into the genetic architecture of glycine metabolism, but do not yield conclusive evidence for a causal relationship between circulating levels of this amino acid and risk of
CAD
in humans.
The Effects of Surface Longwave Spectral Emissivity on Atmospheric Circulation and Convection over the Sahara and Sahel
Authors: Chen Yi-Hsuan , Huang Xianglei , Chen Xiuhong , Flanner Mark 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study quantifies the impact of the inclusion of realistic surface spectral emissivity in the Sahara and Sahel on the simulated local climate and beyond. The surface emissivity in these regions can be as low as 0.6–0.7 over the infrared window band while close to unity in other spectral bands, but such spectral dependence has been ignored in current climate models. Realistic surface spectral emissivities over the Sahara and Sahel are incorporated into the Community Earth System Model (CESM) version 1.1.1, while treatments of surface emissivity for the rest of the globe remain unchanged. Both the modified and standard CESM are then forced with prescribed climatological SSTs and fixed present-day forcings for 35-yr simulations. The outputs from the last 30 years are analyzed. Compared to the standard CESM, the modified CESM has warmer surface air temperature, as well as a warmer and wetter planetary boundary layer over the Sahara and Sahel. The modified CESM thus favors more convection in these regions and has more convective rainfall, especially in the Sahara. The moisture convergence induced by such inclusion of surface spectral emissivity also contributes to the differences in simulated precipitation in the Sahel and the region south to it. Compared to observations, inclusion of surface spectral emissivity reduces surface temperature biases in the Sahara and precipitation biases in the Gulf of Guinea but exacerbates the wet biases in the Sahara. Such realistic representation of surface spectral emissivity can help unmask other factors contributing to regional biases in the original CESM.
Internal Wave Radiation through Surface Mixed Layer Turbulence
Authors: Czeschel Lars , Eden Carsten 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn a series of large-eddy simulations with different forcing, we study the generation of internal gravity waves at the base of the surface mixed layer. If turbulent eddies act as obstacles and undulate the base of the mixed layer, horizontal velocities associated with inertial oscillations and Ekman dynamics can move the obstacles relative to the stratified interior, exciting internal gravity waves similar to lee waves. We find strong evidence that the “obstacle mechanism” is able to excite large parts of the internal wave spectrum, including near inertial waves. The high-frequency part of the excited wave spectrum is filtered by the increased stratification in the transition layer between the mixed layer and lower stratified interior, but a substantial part of the wave spectrum is able to overcome this barrier, hence contributing to interior mixing. The magnitude of the downward-radiated energy below the transition layer depends on the source of turbulence, but we show that the obstacle mechanism, especially under destabilizing heat fluxes, has the potential to contribute considerably to the internal wave energy in the interior ocean.
Short-Term Risk Factor Profile of Pediatric Choanal Atresia Repair Using ACS-NSQIP National Database
Authors: Marston Alexander P. , Patel Terral , Nguyen Shaun A. , White David R. 
Published: May 2019

Objectives: The goal of this study is to describe the 30-day postoperative sequelae of pediatric choanal atresia repair and identify predictive factors for adverse events. Study Design: The American College of Surgeons’ National Surgery Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric (NSQIP-P) database was searched between January 2012 and December 2015 to identify pediatric patients status post choanal atresia repair. Postoperative outcomes included surgical site complications, readmissions, and total length of stay. Results: A total of 178 children underwent choanal atresia repair. The overall complication rate was 6.2%, while the 30-day readmission rate was 15%. Patients with CHARGE had a longer mean duration of hospitalization (26.91 days vs 8.05 days, P = .013). Additionally, patients ≤10 days of age had longer duration of hospitalization (17.84 days vs 9.24 days, P ≤ .001) and higher readmission rates (33.30% vs 10.1%, P = .001). Among the nonsyndromic cohort, ventilator dependence was a predictor of postoperative complications (odds ratio [OR] = 16.08, P < .001), higher readmission rates (OR = 5.46, P = .002), and a longer hospital stay (OR = 18.69, P < .001). Conclusion: Analysis of the 2012-2015 NSQIP-P data set reveals that patients with a diagnosis of CHARGE and those ≤10 days of age have a longer duration of hospitalization. Increased risk of postoperative complications and longer duration of hospitalization were both influenced by chronic steroid use and ventilator dependence.
Automatic Registration for Navigation at the Anterior and Lateral Skull Base
Authors: Kristin Julia , Burggraf Manuel , Mucha Dirk , Malolepszy Christoph , Anderssohn Silvan , Schipper Joerg , Klenzner Thomas 
Published: May 2019

Objective: Navigation systems create a connection between imaging data and intraoperative situs, allowing the surgeon to consistently determine the location of instruments and patient anatomy during the surgical procedure. The best results regarding the target registration error (measurement uncertainty) are normally demonstrated using fiducials. This study aimed at investigating a new registration strategy for an electromagnetic navigation device. Methods: For evaluation of an electromagnetic navigation system and comparison of registration with screw markers and automatic registration, we are calculating the target registration error in the region of the paranasal sinuses/anterior and lateral skull base with the use of an electromagnetic navigation system and intraoperative digital volume tomography (cone-beam computed tomography). We carried out 10 registrations on a head model (total n = 150 measurements) and 10 registrations on 4 temporal bone specimens (total n = 160 measurements). Results: All in all, the automatic registration was easy to perform. For the models that were used, a significant difference between an automatic registration and the registration on fiducials was evident for just a limited number of screws. Furthermore, the observed differences varied in terms of the preferential registration procedure. Conclusion: The automatic registration strategy seems to be an alternative to the established methods in artificial and cadaver models of intraoperative scenarios. Using intraoperative imaging, there is an option to resort to this kind of registration as needed.
Prevalence of traditional bullying and cyberbullying among children and adolescents in Australia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jadambaa Amarzaya , Thomas Hannah J , Scott James G , Graves Nicholas , Brain David , Pacella Rosana 
Published: May 2019

Background: Despite increased awareness of the adverse impact of bullying on mental health, the prevalence of bullying in Australia is uncertain. The aim of the current study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of bullying (traditional and cyber) among Australian children and adolescents. This study synthesised bullying prevalence studies on victimisation experiences (being bullied) and perpetration experiences (bullying others). Method: A systematic review of electronic databases (A+ Education, EMBASE, ERIC, PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus up to 27 May 2017) was conducted. In addition, reference lists of included studies, theses recorded at the National Library of Australia, and government websites were surveyed to identify local area data as well as state and nationally representative data. Overall, 898 studies were screened and out of the 126 studies assessed for eligibility, 46 satisfied the pre-determined inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses based on quality-effects models generated pooled prevalence estimates for each of the two types of bullying involvement (victimisation and perpetration), as well as distinct models for traditional bullying and cyberbullying experiences by the type of involvement. Results: Overall, the 12-month prevalence of bullying victimisation was 15.17% (95% confidence interval = [9.17, 22.30]) and perpetration was 5.27% (95% confidence interval = [3.13, 7.92]). The lifetime prevalence for traditional bullying victimisation was 25.13% (95% confidence interval = [18.73, 32.11]) and perpetration was 11.61% (95% confidence interval = [7.41, 16.57]). Cyberbullying victimisation and perpetration were less common with lifetime prevalence of 7.02% (95% confidence interval = [2.41, 13.54]) and 3.45% (95% confidence interval = [1.13, 6.84]), respectively. Conclusion: Bullying is common among children and adolescents in Australia. There is a need to improve the measurement of bullying using a standardised instrument and for prevalence estimates to be collected on a regular basis to assess change over time. Wide implementation of anti-bullying programmes in Australian schools is a viable public health approach for the prevention of mental health problems.
Psychiatric morbidity in December 2015 flood-affected population in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Bandla Shailaja , Nappinnai NR , Gopalasamy Srinivasagopalan 
Published: May 2019

Background: Floods are the most common type of natural disaster, which have a negative impact on mental health. Following floods, survivors are vulnerable to develop PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder), depression, anxiety and other mental health problems. Aim: The aim is to study the psychiatric morbidity in the persons affected by floods during December 2015. Materials and methods: This study was carried out in Chennai and Cuddalore. In total, 223 persons who were directly exposed to floods were assessed. PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version, Beck’s Depression Inventory, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory and World Health Organization–Five Well-Being Scale (WHO-5) were used in the study. Chi-square test was used to compare the means. Results: Overall, psychiatric morbidity was found to be 45.29%; 60 (26.9%) persons had symptoms of PTSD. Anxiety was found in 48 (27.4%) and depression was found in 101 (45.29%) persons; and 11 (4.9%) persons have reported an increase in substance abuse. Conclusion: Following disaster like floods, there is a need for better preparedness in terms of basic necessities and medical and psychological assistance, particularly emphasizing the needs of older persons in order to prevent the development of psychiatric problems.