bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor necrosis factor –238A is associated with pediatric‐onset generalized pustular psoriasis in Han patients in Eastern China
Authors: Zhao Lishi , Sun Chang , Li Ming , Wang Qianqiu , Long Fu‐Quan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe correlation between polymorphisms at the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene and generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) has rarely been reported. The goal of this study is to investigate whether TNF polymorphisms (−238 A/G, −308 A/G, −857C/T) are associated with susceptibility to GPP in a Han population from Eastern China and to perform subgroup analysis to explore the influence of age onset. Polymorphisms were assessed by polymerase chain reaction amplification and resequencing in 91 GPP patients and 102 healthy controls. The frequencies of the TNF −238A allele and GA+AA genotypes were significantly higher in GPP patients than in those of healthy controls. The subgroup analysis revealed that these significant associations were still present between −238A variants and pediatric‐onset GPP patients who developed GPP at less than 18 years old (PGPP), but not for patients with adult‐onset GPP who developed GPP at 18 years old or more. There were no significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies of TNF −308 A/G and −857C/T polymorphisms between GPP and controls. In conclusion, individuals carrying TNF −238A may be more susceptible to PGPP.
Statistical optimisation of the exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus fermentum Lf2 and analysis of its chemical composition
Authors: Ale Elisa C. , Batistela Virginia A. , Correa Olivar Gabriela , Ferrado Joana B. , Sadiq Sohaib , Ahmed Hafiz I. , Reinheimer Jorge A. , Vera‐Candioti Luciana , Laws Andrew P. , Binetti Ana Griselda 
Published: August 2019

Lactobacillus fermentum Lf2 produces high amounts of exopolysaccharides (EPS) (~1 g/L) with demonstrated functional and technological roles when applied as a food ingredient in dairy matrices, properties that made these EPS interesting in comparison with other similar molecules from lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Those characteristics encouraged us to optimise the production. The EPS extract is composed of a high molecular mass β‐glucan and a medium molecular mass heteroglycan. In the present work, the optimal conditions that doubled the EPS yield using a semidefined medium (SDM, 0.63% yeast nitrogen base, 0.53% bacto casitone, 0.53% ammonium citrate, 6.25% sucrose, pH 6.5) were found by means of response surface methodology (RSM). The chemical characterisation indicated that under optimised conditions the synthesis of the heteroglycan was favoured compared with that of the β‐glucan.
Rapid Assessment, Planning, Investigations and Discharge: Piloting the introduction of a senior doctor at triage model in an Australian paediatric emergency department
Authors: Andrews Sarah L , Lewena Stuart , Cheek John A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe implemented a senior doctor at triage (SDT) pilot programme at The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. We examined the impact on ED length of stay, seen on time and fail to wait (FTW) rates.MethodsA SDT model was piloted on Monday and Tuesday afternoons (pilot period) for 10 weeks, and compared with equivalent shifts for the preceding 10 weeks (pre‐pilot period). We determined the differences between the proportions of patients seen on time, length of stay in the ED of less than 4 h and FTW rate, as well as the medians of time to clinician and length of stay in ED.ResultsA total of 2736 patients presented in the pilot period, and 2889 in the pre‐pilot. The percentage of patients who were seen on time improved from 52.3% to 68.7% (absolute difference 16.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 13.6–19.2%, P < 0.001), the percentage of patients who had an ED length of stay of <4 h improved from 58.2% to 72.0% (absolute difference 13.8%, 95% CI 11.1–16.5%, P < 0.001) and the FTW rate reduced from 12.5% to 7.1% (absolute difference 5.4%, 95% CI 3.8–7.0%, P < 0.001) when the SDT model was operational.ConclusionImplementation of a SDT model in a tertiary paediatric ED resulted in an increased proportion of patients being seen on time, having shorter length of stays in the ED and reduced the number of patients who FTW. Further studies are required to determine whether these improvements are sustained over time.
Cobble community DNA as a tool to monitor patterns of biodiversity within kelp forest ecosystems
Authors: Shum Peter , Barney Bryan T. , O’Leary Jennifer K. , Palumbi Stephen R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractKelp forest ecosystems dominate 150,000 km of global temperate coastline, rivalling the coastal occurrence of coral reefs. Despite the astounding biological diversity and productive ecological communities associated with kelp forests, patterns of species richness and composition are difficult to monitor and compare. Crustose coralline algae are a critically important substrate for propagule settlement for a range of kelp forest species. Coralline‐covered cobbles are home to hundreds of species of benthic animals and algae and form a replicable unit for ecological assays. Here, we use DNA metabarcoding of bulk DNA extracts sampled from cobbles to explore patterns of species diversity in kelp forests of the central California coast. The data from 97 cobbles within kelp forest ecosystems at three sites in Central California show the presence of 752 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) and 53 MOTUs assigned up to the species level with >95% similarity to current databases. We are able to detect spatial patterns of important management targets such as abalone recruits, and localized abundance of sea stars in 2012. Comparison of classic ecological surveys of these sites reveals large differences in species targets for these two approaches. In order to make such comparisons more quantitative, we use Presence/Absence Metabarcoding, using the fraction of replicate cobbles showing a species as a measure of its local abundance. This approach provides a fast and repeatable survey method that can be applied for biodiversity assessments across systems to shed light on the impact of different ecological disturbances and the role played by marine protected areas.
The association between epidural analgesia and mortality in emergency abdominal surgery: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Vester‐Andersen Morten , Lundstrøm Lars Hyldborg , Møller Morten Hylander ,   the Danish Anaesthesia Database
Published: August 2019

BackgroundEmergency abdominal surgery carries a considerable risk of mortality and post‐operative complications, including pulmonary complications. In major elective surgery, epidural analgesia reduces mortality and pulmonary complications. We aimed to evaluate the association between epidural analgesia and mortality in emergency abdominal surgery.MethodsIn this population‐based cohort study with prospective data collection, we included adults undergoing emergency abdominal laparotomy or laparoscopy between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2010 at 13 Danish hospitals. Appendectomies were excluded. The primary outcome was 90‐day mortality. Secondary outcomes included 30‐day mortality and serious adverse events. We used binary logistic regression analyses (odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)).ResultsWe included 4920 patients, of whom 1134 (23.0%) died within 90 days. Overall, 27.9% of the patients were treated with epidural analgesia perioperatively. This increased to 34.0% among patients undergoing major laparotomy. The crude and adjusted association between epidural analgesia and 90‐day mortality was OR 0.99 (95%CI: 0.86‐1.15, P = .94) and OR 0.80 (95%CI: 0.67‐0.94; P = .01), respectively. For 30‐day mortality the corresponding estimates were OR 0.90 (95% CI: 0.76‐1.06, P = .21) and OR 0.75 (95% CI: 0.62‐0.90, P < .01), respectively. No serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionIn this population‐based cohort study of adult patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery, we found that the use of epidural analgesia perioperatively was associated with a decreased risk of mortality in the adjusted analysis.
Motivational factors modulate left frontoparietal network during cognitive control in cocaine addiction
Authors: Barrós‐Loscertales Alfonso , Costumero Víctor , Rosell‐Negre Patricia , Fuentes‐Claramonte Paola , Llopis‐Llacer Juan‐José , Bustamante Juan Carlos 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCocaine addiction is characterized by alterations in motivational and cognitive processes involved in goal‐directed behavior. Recent studies have shown that addictive behaviors can be attributed to alterations in the activity of large functional networks. The aim of this study was to investigate how cocaine addiction affected the left frontoparietal network during goal‐directed behavior in a stop‐signal task (SST) with reward contingencies by correct task performance. Twenty‐eight healthy controls (HC) and 30 abstinent cocaine‐dependent patients (ACD) performed SST with monetary reward contingencies while undergoing a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. The results showed that the left frontoparietal network (FPN) displayed an effect of cocaine addiction depending on reward contingencies rather than inhibition accuracy; and, second, we observed a negative correlation between dependence severity and the modulation of the left FPN network by the monetary reward in ACD. These findings highlight the role of the left FPN in the motivational effects of cocaine dependence.
A strategy for designing of customized electromechanical actuators of blood pumps
Authors: de Souza Rogerio Lima , Chabu Ivan Eduardo , Drigo da Silva Evandro , de Andrade Aron Jose Pazin , Leao Tarcisio Fernandes , Bock Eduardo Guy Perpetuo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCongestive heart failure is a pathology of global incidence that affects millions of people worldwide. When the heart weakens and fails to pump blood at physiological rates commensurate with the requirements of tissues, two main alternatives are cardiac transplant and ventricular assist devices (VADs). This article presents the design strategy for development of a customized VAD electromagnetic actuator. Electromagnetic actuator is a brushless direct current motor customized to drive the pump impeller by permanent magnets located in rotor–stator coupling. In this case, ceramic pivot bearings support the VAD impeller. Electronic circuitry controls rotation switching current in stator coils. The proposed methodology consisted of analytical numerical design, tridimensional computational modeling, numerical simulations using Maxwell software, actuator prototyping, and validation in the dynamometer. The axial flow actuator was chosen by its size and high power density compared to the radial flow type. First step consisted of estimating the required torque to drive the pump. Torque was estimated at 2100 rpm and mean current of 0.5 A. Numerical analysis using finite element method mapped vectors and fields to build stator coils and actuator assemblage. After tests in the dynamometer, experimental results were compared with numerical simulation and validated the proposed model. In conclusion, the proposed methodology for designing of VAD electromechanical actuator was considered satisfactory in terms of data consistency, feasibility, and reliability.
Randomised clinical trial: safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of single and multiple oral doses of tegoprazan (CJ‐12420), a novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker, in healthy male subjects
Authors: Han Sungpil , Choi Hee Youn , Kim Yo Han , Nam Ji Yeon , Kim Bongtae , Song Geun Seog , Lim Hyeong‐Seok , Bae Kyun‐Seop 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundTegoprazan (CJ‐12420) is a potassium‐competitive acid blocker (P‐CAB) with therapeutic potential for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by reversibly suppressing gastric H+/K+‐ATPase.AimsTo investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tegoprazanMethodsA phase I, randomised, double‐blind and placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted in 56 healthy male subjects without Helicobacter pylori infection. In the single ascending dose study, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg tegoprazan were administered to 32 subjects. In the multiple ascending dose study, 100 and 200 mg tegoprazan were administered every 24 hours to each of the eight subjects for 7 days. In the comparative pharmacodynamics study, 40 mg esomeprazole was administered to eight subjects every 24 hours for 7 days. The assessment included safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics through monitoring of 24‐hour gastric pH and pharmacokinetics of tegoprazan in plasma and urine.ResultsTegoprazan was generally well tolerated. Most adverse events reported in the study were mild in intensity and resolved without any sequelae. Exposure to tegoprazan increased in a dose‐proportional manner. Multiple dosing with tegoprazan showed no accumulation in plasma on day 7. The pharmacodynamic analysis revealed that tegoprazan showed rapid, dose‐dependent gastric acid suppression.ConclusionsTegoprazan was well tolerated and showed rapid and potent gastric acid suppression. This supports the further development of tegoprazan as a treatment for acid‐related disorders.
Rethinking the Legacies of Bandung Conference: Global Decolonization and the Making of Modern International Order
Authors: Umar Ahmad Rizky Mardhatillah 
Published: August 2019

This article aims to investigate the extent to which the Bandung Conference affected the international order after the Second World War. By locating the Bandung Conference in the international order transition between 1945 until 1970, I argue that the Bandung Conference should not be treated as merely a milestone of historic anti‐colonial struggles but also a site for the emergence of a modern international order. The Bandung Conference played a key role in shaping the Westphalian interstate system that acknowledges equal sovereignty among states in world politics. From this viewpoint, this article argues that the legacy of the Bandung Conference lies in its role to mediate the transition from colonial order before the Second World War to the modern international order, which is based on sovereignty and equal status among states as the primary members. It does so by putting forward an agenda for global decolonization and delegitimizes the practices of colonialism. The diplomatic struggle after the Bandung Conference continued until the UN Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples in 1960, which further locates the contribution of the Bandung Conference to the making of the modern international order as we know it in the present day.
Multiple roles and regulatory mechanisms of the transcription factor GATA6 in human cancers
Authors: Sun Zhaoqing , Yan Bo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCancer is a common type of non‐communicable disease, and its morbidity and mortality are rapidly increasing. It is expected to become the largest obstacle to the promotion of global human health in the future. Some transcription factors that play important regulatory roles in embryogenesis and subsequent tissue maintenance can be selectively amplified during tumorigenesis. Due to its high expression in the embryonic endoderm and mesoderm, GATA6 plays a crucial role in the normal development of early human heart, lung, digestive system, adrenal glands, breasts, ovaries, retina, skin, and nervous system. Up to now, overexpression of the GATA6 gene has been shown to play an important role in several cancers, including lung cancer, digestive system tumors, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. However, the human body is a complex organism, which causes the transcription factor GATA6 to have multiple roles in cancer. In this review, we summarize the multiple roles of transcription factor GATA6 in various cancers and its regulatory mechanisms. The aim is to better understand the relationship between GATA6 gene expression and cancer development and to provide new insights for exploring potential therapeutic targets.
Artificial intelligence‐based versus manual assessment of prostate cancer in the prostate gland: a method comparison study
Authors: Mortensen Mike A. , Borrelli Pablo , Poulsen Mads Hvid , Gerke Oke , Enqvist Olof , Ulén Johannes , Trägårdh Elin , Constantinescu Caius , Edenbrandt Lars , Lund Lars , Høilund‐Carlsen Poul Flemming 
Published: August 2019

SummaryAimTo test the feasibility of a fully automated artificial intelligence‐based method providing PET measures of prostate cancer (PCa).MethodsA convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained for automated measurements in 18F‐choline (FCH) PET/CT scans obtained prior to radical prostatectomy (RP) in 45 patients with newly diagnosed PCa. Automated values were obtained for prostate volume, maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean standardized uptake value of voxels considered abnormal (SUVmean) and volume of abnormal voxels (Volabn). The product SUVmean × Volabn was calculated to reflect total lesion uptake (TLU). Corresponding manual measurements were performed. CNN‐estimated data were compared with the weighted surgically removed tissue specimens and manually derived data and related to clinical parameters assuming that 1 g ≈ 1 ml of tissue.ResultsThe mean (range) weight of the prostate specimens was 44 g (20–109), while CNN‐estimated volume was 62 ml (31–108) with a mean difference of 13·5 g or ml (95% CI: 9·78–17·32). The two measures were significantly correlated (r = 0·77, P<0·001). Mean differences (95% CI) between CNN‐based and manually derived PET measures of SUVmax, SUVmean, Volabn (ml) and TLU were 0·37 (−0·01 to 0·75), −0·08 (−0·30 to 0·14), 1·40 (−2·26 to 5·06) and 9·61 (−3·95 to 23·17), respectively. PET findings Volabn and TLU correlated with PSA (P<0·05), but not with Gleason score or stage.ConclusionAutomated CNN segmentation provided in seconds volume and simple PET measures similar to manually derived ones. Further studies on automated CNN segmentation with newer tracers such as radiolabelled prostate‐specific membrane antigen are warranted.
Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus in de novo pediatric transplant recipients randomized to receive immediate‐ or prolonged‐release tacrolimus
Authors: Vondrak Karel , Parisi Francesco , Dhawan Anil , Grenda Ryszard , Webb Nicholas J. A. , Marks Stephen D. , Debray Dominique , Holt Richard C. L. , Lachaux Alain , Kelly Deirdre , Kazeem Gbenga , Undre Nasrullah 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsThis multicenter trial compared immediate‐release tacrolimus (IR‐T) vs prolonged‐release tacrolimus (PR‐T) in de novo kidney, liver, and heart transplant recipients aged <16 years. Each formulation had similar pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles. Follow‐up efficacy and safety results are reported herein.Materials and methodsPatients, randomized 1:1, received once‐daily, PR‐T or twice‐daily, IR‐T within 4 days of surgery. After a 4‐week PK assessment, patients continued randomized treatment for 48 additional weeks. At Year 1, efficacy assessments included the number of clinical acute rejections, biopsy‐confirmed acute rejection (BCAR) episodes (including severity), patient and graft survival, and efficacy failure (composite of death, graft loss, BCAR, or unknown outcome). Adverse events were assessed throughout.ResultsThe study included 44 children. At Year 1, mean ± standard deviation tacrolimus trough levels were 6.6 ± 2.2 and 5.4 ± 1.6 ng/mL, and there were 2 and 7 acute rejection episodes in the PR‐T and IR‐T groups, respectively. No cases of graft loss or death were reported during the study. The overall efficacy failure rate was 18.2% (PR‐T n = 1; IR‐T n = 7).ConclusionsIn pediatric de novo solid organ recipients, the low incidence of BCAR and low efficacy failure rate suggest that PR‐T‐based immunosuppression is effective and well tolerated to 1‐year post‐transplantation.
A novel therapy for an unusual problem: IL‐1 receptor antagonist for recurrent post‐transplant pericarditis
Authors: Parizo Justin T. , Moayedi Yasbanoo , Nieman Koen , Town Kathy , Teuteberg Jeffrey J. , Khush Kiran K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHeart transplant (HTx) recipients are at increased risk of pericardial disease. Idiopathic recurrent pericarditis has not been previously described following HTx. We describe a 35‐year‐old male who was admitted with pericarditis and moderate pericardial effusion 10 months after HTx. Two weeks before his admission, his prednisone had been tapered off. A thorough infectious workup and endomyocardial biopsy was unrevealing. He was started on colchicine with the addition of tapering prednisone regimen of 40 mg daily due to unresolved pain. Over the next several years, he had three recurrent episodes of pericarditis requiring re‐initiation of prednisone with extensive investigations negative for rejection, autoimmune, and infectious causes. Cardiac MRI confirmed pericardial inflammation. Due to his recurrent course and inability to wean off prednisone, anakinra, an IL‐1 receptor antagonist, was started at 100 mg sc daily. This allowed successful discontinuation of prednisone. He is now 34 months post‐transplant without recurrence on anakinra and colchicine maintenance. Due to the overlap between idiopathic recurrent pericarditis and auto‐inflammatory diseases, there is growing evidence for utilizing IL‐1 receptor antagonists in this condition. While pericarditis is common in the HTx population, this is the first report of successful use of an IL‐1 receptor blocker for pericarditis in this population.
S2k‐Leitlinie zur Therapie der Psoriasis bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – Kurzfassung Teil 1
Authors: Eisert Lisa , Augustin Matthias , Bach Sabine , Dittmann Martin , Eiler Renate , Fölster‐Holst Regina , Gerdes Sascha , Hamm Henning , Höger Peter , Horneff Gerd , von Kiedrowski Ralph , Philipp Sandra , Pleimes Marc , Schlaeger Martin , Schuster Volker , Staubach Petra , Weberschock Tobias , Werner Ricardo Niklas , Nast Alexander , Sticherling Michael 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDiese Leitlinie richtet sich an Assistenz‐ und Fachärzte der Dermatologie, Pädiatrie, Kinderdermatologie und Kinderrheumatologie sowie an Kostenträger und politische Entscheidungsgremien. Die Leitlinie wurde im formellen Konsensusverfahren (S2k) von Dermatologen und Kinderdermatologen unter Einbindung von Kinderrheumatologen erstellt.Die Leitlinie stellt einen Überblick über Schweregrad, Lebensqualität und Therapieziele mit Erläuterung der Off‐Label‐Problematik im Kindesalter dar. Es werden Diagnosestellung und Triggerfaktoren erläutert. Der Schwerpunkt der Leitlinie liegt auf der Darstellung der verschiedenen topischen Therapien, UV‐Therapien und systemischen Therapieoptionen mit Abbildung der Empfehlungen zur Anwendung der Therapien sowie Therapiealgorithmen. Darüber hinaus wird im Kontext auf Impfungen bei Psoriasis im Kindesalter sowie auf verschiedene Sonderformen wie Psoriasis guttata, Windelpsoriasis, Psoriasis pustulosa und Psoriasis‐Arthritis eingegangen. Auch werden Empfehlungen zu Tuberkulosediagnostik und Röntgenuntersuchung vor Systemtherapie gegeben.