bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISEASE DETECTION FROM FIELD SPECTROMETER DATA
Authors: Tawfik O. H. , Mohd Shafri H. Z. , Mohammed Ali A. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT:Â Oil palm plants have been planted in large scale of areas. Ganoderma disease has been recognized and diagnosed in oil palm plants to infect almost half of the oil palm plants in Malaysia. To deal with this problem, the use of vegetation indices analysis on hyper spectral field data we will examine the ability of this data in discrimination between Ganoderma disease stages in oil palm plants which will be helpful in control the spread of the diseases. By using vegetation indices the oil palm plants could be classified into 1 (T1 healthy), 2 (T2 semi healthy) and 3 (T3 severe damage) plant classes accurately. The results showed that the best vegetation index is the Modified Red Edge Simple Ratio (MSR705) among the vegetation indices to discriminate between oil palm health stages. It was realized that the modification that was applied to the Modified Red Edge Simple Ratio (MSR705) index of Narrowband greenness VIs has been exhibited an acceptable results in differentiate between the oil palm plant stage 1 (T1 healthy) and stage 2 (T2 semi healthy).Â ABSTRAK: Tanaman kelapa sawit ditanam secara meluas.Â Penyakit ganoderma dikenali dan didiagnosikan menjangkiti hampir separuh tanaman kelapa sawit di Malaysia. Untuk mengawal penyakit ini daripada merebak, analisis indeks tanaman dijalankan ke atas data kawasan spektrum melampau di mana keupayaan data ini diuji dalam membezakan peringkat-peringkat penyakit Ganoderma terhadap tanaman kelapa sawit. Dengan menggunakan indeks tanaman, kelapa sawit dapat diklasifikasikan kepada 1 (T1 sihat), 2 (T2 separa sihat) dan 3 (T3 rosak); kelas tanaman dengan tepat. Keputusan menunjukkan indeks tanaman terbaik sebagai Modified Red Edge Simple Ratio (MSR705) yang merupakan indeks tanaman dalam membezakan peringkat kesihatan kelapa sawit. Adalah didapati pengubahsuaian terhadap indeks Modified Red Edge Simple Ratio (MSR705) yang juga indeks Jalur Sempit Hijau VI telah memberikan keputusan yang munasabah dalam membezakan peringkat tanaman kelapa sawit peringkat 1 (T1 sihat) dan peringkat 2 (T2 separa sihat).
THE ECONOMICS OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION
Authors: Karimov Kh. S. , Abid M. , Islomov S. I. , Karimova N. H. , Al-Grafi M. W. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT:Â In this paper life-cycle cost analysis of three biogas digesters is presented. Results show that the cost of biogas depends on the construction of digesters, sizes of methane tank and possibility of heating of the slurry. Biogas and natural gas costs calaculated are observed and found to be comparable. It is recommended that the biogas digesters can be constructed and installed, in principle, for every family and there is no need to built long gas pipe lines.Â ABSTRAK:Â Kertaskerja ini membentangkan analisis kos kitar hayat tiga pencerna biogas. Keputusan menunjukkan kos biogas bergantung kepada pembinaan pencerna, saiz tangki metana dan kemungkinan pemanasan buburan. Pengiraan kos biogas dan gas asli diambil kira dan ianya didapati setanding. Adalah disarankan pencerna biogas boleh dibina dan dipasang secara teorinya, bagi setiap keluarga tanpa memerlukan pembinaan paip gas yang panjang.
LARGE EDDY SIMULATION FOR TRANSESTERIFICATION OF WASTE VEGETABLE OIL
Authors: Mohiuddin A K M , ADEYEMI NABEEL A. 
Published: October 2018

The paper provides detailed information involved in the numerical simulation of transesterification of waste vegetable oil (WVO).Â The main objective of this work is to perform mixing study based on large eddy simulation particle image Velocimetry (LES-PIV) which resolved the turbulent scale. Reynolds stress model (RSM) was subsequently used to validate the result using a multiple reference frame (MRF) approach for the impeller-vessel geometry. Experimental FAME yield and liquid velocities were found to be dependent on stirrer speeds, impeller bottom distance and bulk flow pattern. Thermodynamic properties of the reaction components were incorporated as user defined function (UDF) for the mixing models. FAME yield were predicted in terms of species concentration and compared fairly well with experimental condition for 1 and 2-L STR, where yield from the numerical model varied by about 18 and 23 % for 1 and 2-L STR respectively. The characteristic time scales were used to show the relevant mixing scale to describe the process.
EXTRACTION AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ASCORBIC ACID FROM BANANA PEEL MUSA ACUMINATA â€˜KEPOKâ€™
Authors: Said Khairul Anwar Mohamad , Radzi Zainab , Yakub Ibrahim , Mohamed Amin Mohamed Afizal 
Published: October 2018

This paper discusses the extraction of an antioxidant compound, which is ascorbic acid or vitamin C, from a banana peel using an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method. The type of banana used was Musa acuminata also known as â€œPisangKepokâ€ in Malaysia. The investigation includes the effect of solvent/solid ratio (4.5, 5 g and 10 Â ml/g), sonication time (15, 30 and 45 mins) and temperature variation (30 , 45Â and 60oC ) on the extraction of ascorbic acid compounds from the banana peel to determine the best or optimum condition of the operation. Out of all extract samples analyzed by redox titration method using iodine solution, it was found that the highest yield was 0.04939 Â± 0.00080 mg that resulted from an extraction at 30oC for 15 mins with 5 ml/g solvent-to-solute ratio.KEYWORDS:Â Musa acuminata; ultrasound-assisted extraction; vitamin C; redox titration
A NEW ALGORITHM IN NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Mansouri Iman , Shahri Ali , Zahedifar Hassan 
Published: October 2018

Solving systems of nonlinear equations is a difficult problem in numerical computation. Probably the best known and most widely used algorithm to solve a system of nonlinear equations is Newton-Raphson method. A significant shortcoming of this method becomes apparent when attempting to solve problems with limit points. Once a fixed load is defined in the first step, there is no way to modify the load vector should a limit point occur within the increment. To overcome this defect, displacement control methods for passing limit points can be used. In displacement control method, the load ratio in the first step of an increment is defined so that a particular key displacement component will change only by a prescribed amount. In this paper the load ratio is obtained using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm so that the complex behavior of structures can be followed, automatically. Design variable is load ratio and its unbalanced force is also considered as objective function in optimization process. Numerical results are performed under geometrical nonlinear analysis, elastic post-buckling analysis and inelastic post-buckling analysis. The efficiency and accuracy of proposed method are demonstrated by solving these examples.Â Â
CO-PRODUCTION OF LACTIC ACID AND ETHANOL USING RHIZOPUS SP. FROM HYDROLYZED INEDIBLE CASSAVA STARCH AND LEAVES
Authors: Azmi Azlin Suhaida , Yusuf Nurlisa , Jimat Dzun Noraini , Mohamad Puad Noor Illi 
Published: October 2018

Production of lactic acid and ethanol from inedible cassava starch and leaves was investigated. Prior to fermentation, hydrolysis of the starch and leaves was conducted. Hydrolysis was optimized by manipulating at three levels each four particular factors, namely acid concentration, starch concentration, temperature, and reaction time. Maximum glucose yield of 0.96 g/g was obtained when 2.5% (w/v) of cassava leaves with 2.5% (w/v) of starch was hydrolyzed using 0.20 M of nitric acid at 160oC of temperature for 10 min. The potential of hydrolyzed cassava starch and leaves was then investigated for lactic acid production using fungal Rhizopus sp. The fermentation process was then conducted in shake flask by varying four factors at three levels each. Maximum lactic acid and ethanol yields of 0.95 g/g and 0.52 g/g, respectively, were achieved at different optimum conditions. Â Lactic acid production was found to be linked to a decrease in ethanol production. Design Expert v6.0.8 was used to aid in the design of the experiment using Taguchiâ€™s methodology.
STUDY OF DIFFERENT TREATMENT METHODS ON CHICKEN FEATHER BIOMASS
Authors: Sharma Swati , Gupta Arun , Chik Syed Mohd Saufi Tuan , Kee Chua Yeo Gek , Podder Praddep Kumar , Subramaniam Malini , Thuraisingam Jayshree 
Published: October 2018

The chicken feathers (CFs) Â consist of up to 10 % of total chicken dry mass and they have many potential industrial applications. CFs contains protein fibers named as keratin, which is an insoluble protein. Primary sanitization phases are complex because of the presence of lots of blood born microbes, pathogens and parasites in raw biomass. The extraction process of keratins from the unprocessed feathers is also a challenging task. Prior to the extraction cleaning/sanitization of feathers is a very necessary step. Thus, the present work was conducted to optimize Â an efficient surfactantÂ for the cleaning process of the Â CFs by using ionic and non-ionic surfactants. The experiment was conducted by the washing of feathers with double distilled water (ddH2O), detergents, ether and lastly with boiling water. The washed feathers treated with surfactants and the effect of each surfactant was analyzed by a microbiological test which tells about the extent of Â the presence of different bacteria on the treated feathers. SEM, EDX, FTIR were used to study the morphology and composition of Â untreated and treated CFs. SEM showed there was no detectable fiber damage after treatment. Cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) (t3) was one of the best surfactant for the treatment of CFs among all the surfactant used. The present study described the best treatment method Â for the CFs.Â
The Effects of Weathering on Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (Grp) Materials
Authors: Abdullah H. , R. A. Siddiqui S. Al Araimi and 
Published: October 2018

Glass fiber reinforced plastics composite is extensively used as a structural material for pools, oil pipes and tanks because it has good corrosion resistance properties. The effects of weathering on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced plastics (GRP) in the Sultanate of Oman have been studied. The tensile and three point bend specimens were exposed to outdoor conditions (open atmosphere) in sunlight and tested for various intervals of time. It was observed that as the exposure time to sunlight, ultraviolet radiation and dust increases the mechanical properties of GRP materials decrease. The effects of relative humidity (%RH) on the mechanical properties were also studied. It was found that as the relative humidity increased in the atmosphere during the exposure time, the tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity are lowered. This work has revealed that the decrease in the mechanical properties of GRP under weathering conditions is subjected to atmospheric conditions such as humidity, temperature, ultraviolet radiation and pollutant.Key Words: Weathering, Glass-Fiber Reinforced Plastics, Degradation
Separation of Aqueous Isopropanol Through Chitosan/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Blended Membranes by Pervaporation
Authors: A. L. Ahmad S. H. Tan, , H. Hassan M. G. Mohd. Nawawi and 
Published: October 2018

Blend membranes consisting of chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) were prepared from a solution casting method and characterized via the pervaporation separation of isopropanol-water mixtures. The solution of pure chitosan was blended with poly(vinyl alcohol) at different compositions. The miscibility of the blended polymers was determined. Criteria for miscibility was based on the clarity of the blend and the transparency of the membrane obtained. The effects of feed concentration and chitosan content in membrane on the permeation flux and separation factor were also investigated. For the dehydration of 90 wt.% of isopropanol-water mixtures the performance of the blend ratio of 30:70 (CS:PVA) exhibited the highest separation factor. It was shown that under the same operating conditions, the pervaporation separation index (PSI) for homogeneous membranes were higher than that of blended membranes for the entire feed concentrations.Key Words: Blend, Chitosan, Poly (vinyl alcohol), Miscibility, Pervaporation.
Solid State Culture Conditions for Composting Sewage Sludge
Authors: Kabbashi N.A. , Fakhruâ€™l-Razi A. , Ramachandran K.B. 
Published: October 2018

Composting is applied to treat sewage sludge from treatment plants to enhance its quality and suitability for agricultural use. In this work the optimal conditions for composting sewage sludge from domestic wastewater treatment plants in a horizontal drum bioreactor (HDB) were investigated. This study investigated the physico-chemical conditions affecting the use of filamentous fungi in composting. The average number of faecal coliforms was 2.3 ï‚´ 107 bacteria/g waste dry weight at the beginning of the composting process, and decreased considerably to 8.2 ï‚´ 103, 8.1 ï‚´ 103, 8.5 ï‚´ 103, 8.0 ï‚´ 103,and 8.4 ï‚´ 103 bacteria/g, respectively for experiments T1 to T5. This decrease was presumably the result of raising temperature. The phase of hygienisation was marked by a very significant decrease in the number of E. coli cells (1.8 ï‚´ 107, to 3.7 ï‚´ 103, 3.8 ï‚´ 103, 3.3 ï‚´ 103, 3.2 ï‚´ 103, and 3.6 ï‚´ 103 bacteria/g) for T1 to T5 experiments, respectively: A second aspect was the investigation of a possible reduction of hazardous pollutants. The highest concentration was for Fe and the lowest for Pb, showing that Fe is the most loosely bound to the sewage sludge organic matrix and Pb the most strongly bound, the Cd reduction by composting was more than 50%.Keywords: Sewage sludge, compost, horizontal drum bioreactor, hazardous.
Intelligent system of automatic control over the technological process of the natural gas preparation on the basis of neural networks
Authors: Boryn V. S. , Sahai I. M. 
Published: October 2018

The mathematical model of the technological process of the natural gas preparation is developed.
The structure of the fuzzy model is developed, which corresponds to the complex multi-stage technological processes. For the analysis of a given stage, a model based on artificial neural networks is used. The model is developed based on the results of a survey of production engineers and describes the end-to-end technology of the natural gas preparation process.
Considerable attention is paid to simulation modeling, namely the experimental determination of dynamic characteristics on the given channels has been carried out and simulation modeling of the system using neural networks has been conducted. According to its results, it has been established that the transient characteristics of the channels correspond to the physical bases of the natural gas preparation process. A comparative analysis of transient processes has been carried out and it has been determined that in the cascade control system the quality indicators are better.
Mass culture, education and the perspective of individuality
Authors: Eliopoulos Panos 
Published: October 2018

For Adorno and Horkheimer, rationalism – in fact, a technical rationalism which becomes a rationalism of domination– failed to provide the path to the liberation of man and society. The aftermath, half education of the masses, is not an incomplete education or lack of education, but substantially hostility towards culture and genuine education, decay and involvement of education in individual considerations and benefits, with the contribution of mass dissemination of culture and art. Half education is the spread of culture and art without a living relationship with the consciousness of people, without consequences for their lives. Adorno clarifies that in this context, the relationship between life and production reduces the former into the transitory epiphenomenon of the latter, as life and individual existence are not known in their immediacy, they do not connect directly, but they rather become part of the teaching for of material production. For Ortega y Gasset, a new type of human being has been born, the massman, who becomes isolated, trapped in the irrational feeling that nothing else, apart from his own private welfare, matters, but he also continues to demand as if it were his natural right to do so. Nonetheless, and although he remains an individualist, he does not have real access to the gifts of individuality. Marcuse understands that, ultimately, there is a conflict between production and profit on the one hand and self-determination on the other. As technology spreads its dominance over nature, man conquers man through mass control, diffused through work and culture. In this way, technological rationalism becomes ultimately political rationalism.
Towards a Reconsrtuction of Historical Materialism. IV: Legitimation
Authors: Habermas Jurgen 
Published: October 2018

The book of world-known German philosopher Jurgen Habermas is devoted to the Marxist social theory and in general to potential of the evolutionary concept of society. A wide range of topics is comprised: from the role of philosophy in Marxism and rational and ethical foundations of social identity to comparative theories and problem of legitimacy. J.Habermas does not only critically rethink Marxist concept, but builds a coherent theoretical alternative to it. The power of the book is that the key problems of social theory are considered not only in the abstract plane, but in the context of contemporary, keen, topical socio-political challenges. Namely the nature of current social crises, conflicts of legitimation of the contemporary state, the morality of power, the effect of innovations etc. The book has become not only one of the classical samples of Marxism analysis, but it was recognized significant contribution to contemporary social theory.
Use of Cannulated Screws in Pelvic Injury Surgery
Authors: Bondarenko A. V. , Kruglykhin I. V. , Voitenko A. N. 
Published: October 2018

Osteosynthesis with cannulated screws is one of low invasive osteosynthesis techniques that does not aggravate the condition of polytraumatized patients and can be used at the early stages of treatment. The purpose of the study was to determine the peculiarities of cannulated screws application in pelvic ring and acetabular injuries. Cannulated screws were used at surgical treatment of 368 patients, aged 14–77 years, with pelvic injuries. The overwhelming majority of patients were with severe polytrauma (17 and more points by ISS score). Pelvic ring injuries (61st segment) were diagnosed in 259 (70.4%) patients, acetabular fractures (62nd segment) — in 75 (20.4%), pelvic ring injuries associated with acetabular fractures (61st and 62nd segments) — 34 (9.2%) patients. The screws were mainly used as the basic treatment technique, rarely — in combination with internal plate osteosynthesis and more rarely — in combination with external fixation device. Analysis of the results and complications was performed. Treatment results by Majeed pelvic score at terms 1 to 3 years were studied in 207 patients. Poor results were observed in 15 (7.2%) cases. Pelvic fracture osteosynthesis with cannulated screws has a number of advantages and can be referred to as one of the basic surgical techniques for pelvic fractures.
Experience in the use of Distal Fixation Femoral Component Use in Revision Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Zagorodniy N. V. , Ivanov A. V. , Kagramanov S. V. , Chragyan G. A. , Nikolaev I. A. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy of revision hip arthroplasty with use of distal fixation revision femoral component.Patients and methods. From June 2004 through October 2015 one hundred thirteen revision arthroplasties were performed in patients with type 3A, 3B and 4 femoral defects by Paprovsky classification. Solution, Wagner SL and Cerafit revision femoral components for distal fixation were used. In the majority of cases (87) the cause of revision intervention was aseptic instability of the femoral component. In 60 cases revision was performed for cementless femoral components, in 53 - for cement components.Results.Follow up period made up from 1 to 12 years. In 83.2% of cases excellent, good and satisfactory treatment results, i.e. pain syndrome remission, restoration of joint movements and extremity weight bearing ability were achieved.Conclusion.Wagner SL, Solution and Cerafit modular revision stems ensure acceptable clinical treatment results and can be the implants of choice for hip femoral component revision arthroplasty in types 3A, 3B and 4 femoral defects by Paprovsky.
RISK FACTORS OF BONE MINERAL DENSITY DEFICIT AND LOW-ENERGY FRACTURES IN PRIMARY OSTEOPOROSIS IN MEN
Authors: Rodionova S. S. , Khakimov U. R. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:to evaluate the role of well-known factors on the formation of bone mineral density (BMD) and risk of fractures in primary osteoporosis in men.Patients and methods.The influence of well-known osteoporosis risk factors such as age, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, genetic disorders in genes encoding COL1A1, COL1A2 and VDR-receptor products, history of low-energy fractures in first-line relatives upon the BMD value and risk of fractures was evaluated in 231 patients with primary osteoporosis. All patients were divided into three age groups according to the following forms of osteoporosis: 17-20 years (n=26) – juvenile form, 21-50 (n=103) – idiopathic form, patients over 51 years (n=102). To assess the influence of study factors on the risk of fractures the patients were subdivided into 5 groups according to fracture localization.Results.The relationship between BMD deficit and mutations in homozygous form of gene rs2412298 (encodes collagen), and the tendency to a reliable increase of BMD deficit in L1 – L4 vertebrae under polymorphism in homozygous form of 1800012 gene was noted that might be evidence of their contribution to the development of primary osteoporosis in men. At the same time, smoking, alcohol consumption, age, mutations in homozygous form of gene rs2412298 and a history of low-energy fractures in first-line relatives increased the risk of low-energy fractures of the vertebral bodies and proximal femur.
HEAT INSULATION-APPARATUS SYSTEMS OF HOUSEHOLD FACADE AS A FACTOR OF INCREASED FIRE HAZARD
Authors: Yakovchuk R. , Kuzyk A. , Miller O. , Lyn A. 
Published: October 2018

The paper analyzes the problems associated with the fire hazard of the application of thermal insulation and finishing systems of facades of buildings, which directly depends on the design solution of the thermal insulation system and the type of thermal insulation material.
The generalized requirements for physical and technical indicators of the quality of heat-insulating materials; the possibility of applying facade heat insulation structures depending on their class, the height of the houses and the combustibility of the materials of the heat-insulating and finishing layers; fire-technical characteristics of expanded polystyrene are considered. The threats of fire spreading by thermal insulation systems of facades are analyzed and possible ways of its propagation between floors are considered.
It is concluded that the use of combustible thermal insulating materials poses an increased danger to life and health of people during a fire. The problem of ensuring the fire safety of buildings, in which the insulation and finishing systems of exterior walls are used, depends on a number of factors and requires a more thorough study.