bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics‐Pharmacodynamics of High‐Dose Ivermectin with Dihydroartemisinin‐Piperaquine on Mosquitocidal Activity and QT‐Prolongation (IVERMAL)
Authors: Smit Menno R. , Ochomo Eric O. , Waterhouse David , Kwambai Titus K. , Abong'o Bernard O. , Bousema Teun , Bayoh Nabie M. , Gimnig John E. , Samuels Aaron M. , Desai Meghna R. , Phillips‐Howard Penelope A. , Kariuki Simon K. , Wang Duolao , ter Kuile Feiko O. , Ward Stephen A. , Aljayyoussi Ghaith 
Published: August 2018

High‐dose ivermectin, co‐administered for 3 days with dihydroartemisinin‐piperaquine (DP), killed mosquitoes feeding on individuals for at least 28 days posttreatment in a recent trial (IVERMAL), whereas 7 days was predicted pretrial. The current study assessed the relationship between ivermectin blood concentrations and the observed mosquitocidal effects against Anopheles gambiae s.s. Three days of ivermectin 0, 300, or 600 mcg/kg/day plus DP was randomly assigned to 141 adults with uncomplicated malaria in Kenya. During 28 days of follow‐up, 1,393 venous and 335 paired capillary plasma samples, 850 mosquito‐cluster mortality rates, and 524 QTcF‐intervals were collected. Using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, we show a consistent correlation between predicted ivermectin concentrations and observed mosquitocidal‐effects throughout the 28‐day study duration, without invoking an unidentified mosquitocidal metabolite or drug‐drug interaction. Ivermectin had no effect on piperaquine's PKs or QTcF‐prolongation. The PK/PD model can be used to design new treatment regimens with predicted mosquitocidal effect. This methodology could be used to evaluate effectiveness of other endectocides.
An Electrospun Core–Shell Nanofiber Web as a High‐Performance Cathode for Iron Disulfide‐Based Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Haridas Anupriya K. , Lim Ji‐Eun , Lim Du‐Hyun , Kim Jeha , Cho Kwon Koo , Matic Aleksandar , Kim Jae‐Kwang , Ahn Jou‐Hyeon 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFeS2/C core–shell nanofiber webs were synthesized for the first time by a unique synthesis strategy that couples electrospinning and carbon coating of the nanofibers with sucrose. The design of the one‐dimensional core–shell morphology was found to be greatly beneficial for accommodating the volume changes encountered during cycling, to induce shorter lithium ion diffusion pathways in the electrode, and to prevent sulfur dissolution during cycling. A high discharge capacity of 545 mAh g−1 was retained after 500 cycles at 1 C, exhibiting excellent stable cycling performance with 98.8 % capacity retention at the last cycle. High specific capacities of 854 mAh g−1, 518 mAh g−1, and 208 mAh g−1 were obtained at 0.1 C, 1 C, and 10 C rates, respectively, demonstrating the exceptional rate capability of this nanofiber web cathode.
Power allocation schemes for wireless powered NOMA systems with imperfect CSI: An application in multiple antenna–based relay
Authors: Nguyen Thanh‐Luan , Do Dinh‐Thuan 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe simultaneous wireless information and power transfer or energy harvesting (EH) can be combined in nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) as green applications towards 5G. This paper investigates a new cooperative EH‐NOMA protocol, where the intermediate relay has not equipped the fixed power source and acts as a wireless powered relay to help signal transmission to representative weak user and strong user in NOMA. However, impacts of imperfect channel estimation contribute to outage system performance evaluations. We formulate the power resource assignment paradigms as two schemes, namely, fixed power allocation and dynamic power allocation, by considering imperfect channel state information (CSI). To solve this problem, we derive the closed‐form expressions of outage probability under imperfect CSI and the power allocation constraints. The expected numerical results related to the derived expressions for the outage probability are examined that numerical and the Monte Carlo simulations are strictly matching lines.
Modular and deep QoE/QoS mapping for multimedia services over satellite networks
Authors: Xu Shuang , Wang Xingwei , Huang Min 
Published: August 2018

SummarySatellite networks are promising alternatives to deal with the increasing traffic volume and provide universal access for end users. Quality of experience (QoE) as an aggregate of user perception and network quality will be a critical success factor for multimedia service delivery over satellite networks. Quality of experience prediction based on quality of service (QoS) has received much attention recently, but it has been little investigated in satellite networks. In this paper, on the basis of the modular neural network and deep belief networks (DBNs), we design a QoE/QoS mapping method for multimedia services over satellite networks to translate QoS parameters into user QoE. The task of QoE/QoS mapping for multimedia services is decomposed into several different subtasks by using traffic classification. Heterogeneous DBNs are used to learn the mapping relationships between QoE and QoS for different types of services (ie, subtask) simultaneously. An integrative approach based on relative distance is exploited to select subneural network(s) to predict resulting QoE collaboratively. To determine the weight parameters of the QoE/QoS correlation model, the dataset composed of QoS parameters and subjective opinion scores is built on the basis of satellite network simulator and subjective test. Finally, the effectiveness of our QoE/QoS mapping method is validated, and the relationship between adoption rating and opinion scores is analyzed.
Trajectory of heart period to socioaffective threat in shy children
Authors: Poole Kristie L. , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough shyness is characterized by distinct psychophysiological correlates, we know very little about the development of these correlates. In this longitudinal study, we examined how children's shyness was associated with trajectories of heart period (HP) to socioaffective threat across four assessments spanning approximately 2 years. Children (Mage = 6.39 years) viewed age‐appropriate, socioaffective videos at each visit while having their HP measured concurrently. A growth curve analysis revealed that low shy children had a relatively lower HP at enrollment, but experienced increases in HP across visits, while high shy children exhibited relatively stable low HP across visits while viewing threat‐related socioaffective video stimuli. These patterns did not exist for HP during resting baseline or HP to nonthreatening video stimuli. These findings suggest that longitudinal patterns of HP among shy children may reflect a stable, characteristic way of responding to socioaffective threat, and possibly a physiological mechanism underlying shyness in some children.
Distinct neutrophil counts and functions in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Huang Juan , Xiao Yang , Zheng Peilin , Zhou Wenzhi , Wang Yanfei , Huang Gan , Xu Aimin , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundRecent discoveries from animal models demonstrated that neutrophils can induce type 1 diabetes (T1D) through infiltrating into the islets. However, the evidence of their actions in T1D patients is relatively rare, and the change trend of neutrophil numbers and functions in different subtypes of diabetes has not been investigated.MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed T1D (n = 189), latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) (n = 86), T2D (n = 235), and healthy controls (n = 709) were enrolled. Circulating neutrophil counts were measured, and their correlations with clinical parameters were analysed. Neutrophils were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and magnetic bead cell sorting method. Neutrophil migration rate and chemokine levels in the blood were explored by trans‐well and ELISA, respectively. Neutrophil phagocytosis rate, adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors expression were investigated by flow cytometry.ResultsCompared with controls, neutrophil counts decreased in T1D patients but increased in T2D patients, with no change in LADA patients. The numbers showed a gradual increase trend from T1D, LADA to T2D. In autoimmune diabetes, neutrophil counts were associated with the number and titre of positive autoantibodies against β‐cell antigens. No difference was found in neutrophil phagocytosis rate, but neutrophil migration in T1D patients was impaired and associated with CD62L expression, which was related closely to the titre of autoantibody.ConclusionsNeutrophil numbers and migration abilities displayed distinct levels in different types of diabetes. In T1D, CD62L seems to play an important role in the migration of neutrophils and β‐cell autoimmunity.
A gene regulatory network anchored by LIM homeobox 1 for embryonic head development
Authors: Sibbritt Tennille , Ip Chi K. , Khoo Poh‐Lynn , Wilkie Emilie , Jones Vanessa , Sun Jane Q. J. , Shen Joanne X. , Peng Guangdun , Han Jing‐Dong J. , Jing Naihe , Osteil Pierre , Ramialison Mirana , Tam Patrick P. L. , Fossat Nicolas 
Published: August 2018

SummaryDevelopment of the embryonic head is driven by the activity of gene regulatory networks of transcription factors. LHX1 is a homeobox transcription factor that plays an essential role in the formation of the embryonic head. The loss of LHX1 function results in anterior truncation of the embryo caused by the disruption of morphogenetic movement of tissue precursors and the dysregulation of WNT signaling activity. Profiling the gene expression pattern in the Lhx1 mutant embryo revealed that tissues in anterior germ layers acquire posterior tissue characteristics, suggesting LHX1 activity is required for the allocation and patterning of head precursor tissues. Here, we used LHX1 as an entry point to delineate its transcriptional targets and interactors and construct a LHX1‐anchored gene regulatory network. Using a gain‐of‐function approach, we identified genes that immediately respond to Lhx1 activation. Meta‐analysis of the datasets of LHX1‐responsive genes and genes expressed in the anterior tissues of mouse embryos at head‐fold stage, in conjunction with published Xenopus embryonic LHX1 (Xlim1) ChIP‐seq data, has pinpointed the putative transcriptional targets of LHX1 and an array of genetic determinants functioning together in the formation of the mouse embryonic head.
Cytonuclear discordance in the Florida Everglades invasive Burmese python (Python bivittatus) population reveals possible hybridization with the Indian python (P. molurus)
Authors: Hunter Margaret E. , Johnson Nathan A. , Smith Brian J. , Davis Michelle C. , Butterfield John S. S. , Snow Ray W. , Hart Kristen M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe invasive Burmese python (Python bivittatus) has been reproducing in the Florida Everglades since the 1980s. These giant constrictor snakes have caused a precipitous decline in small mammal populations in southern Florida following escapes or releases from the commercial pet trade. To better understand the invasion pathway and genetic composition of the population, two mitochondrial (mtDNA) loci across 1,398 base pairs were sequenced on 426 snakes and 22 microsatellites were assessed on 389 snakes. Concatenated mtDNA sequences produced six haplotypes with an average nucleotide and haplotype diversity of π = 0.002 and h = 0.097, respectively. Samples collected in Florida from morphologically identified P. bivittatus snakes were similar to published cytochrome oxidase 1 and cytochrome b sequences from both P. bivittatus and Python molurus and were highly divergent (genetic distances of 5.4% and 4.3%, respectively). The average number of microsatellite alleles and expected heterozygosity were NA = 5.50 and HE = 0.60, respectively. Nuclear Bayesian assignment tests supported two genetically distinct groups and an admixed group, not geographically differentiated. The effective population size (NE = 315.1) was lower than expected for a population this large, but reflected the low genetic diversity overall. The patterns of genetic diversity between mtDNA and microsatellites were disparate, indicating nuclear introgression of separate mtDNA lineages corresponding to cytonuclear discordance. The introgression likely occurred prior to the invasion, but genetic information on the native range and commercial trade is needed for verification. Our finding that the Florida python population is comprised of distinct lineages suggests greater standing variation for adaptation and the potential for broader areas of suitable habitat in the invaded range.
Reservoir operation and environmental water demand: Scenarios for the Sub‐Middle and Lower São Francisco River basin, Brazil
Authors: Koch Hagen , Selge Florian , de Azevedo José Roberto G. , Souza da Silva Gerald N. , Siegmund‐Schultze Marianna , Hattermann Fred F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWater management is important for delivering water for different users and uses. Reservoirs are built to overcome the stochastic nature of river flows and to increase the reliability of water supply. Reservoir operation affects the ecology of downstream river sections, and there has been a discussion of a more ecologically oriented flow regime, although ecosystems of reservoirs themselves are rarely taken into account. For reservoirs, it is important to identify multiple impacts and trade‐offs of different management options. This information can be used in a multidisciplinary and multiparticipatory decision‐making process to assess the management options. This study develops, applies, and discusses reservoir operation options for the São Francisco River basin (Brazil): (a) Reference; (b) Environmental discharge; (c) Reduced daily water‐level variation; and (d) Reduced annual water‐level variation. In the simulation study, the operation option with reduced daily water‐level variation in reservoirs turned out to be the most flexible, guaranteeing hydropower generation and water supply in the dry season, while considering the ecology of the reservoirs and rivers. The simulations are exemplary for decision makers, requiring further assessment after agreeing on priority setting.
Integrating growth and capture–mark–recapture models reveals size‐dependent survival in an elusive species
Authors: Rose Jonathan P. , Wylie Glenn D. , Casazza Michael L. , Halstead Brian J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSurvival is a key vital rate for projecting the viability of wild populations. Estimating survival is difficult for many rare or elusive species because recapture rates of marked individuals are low, and the ultimate fate of individuals is unknown. Low recapture rates for many species have made it difficult to accurately estimate survival, and to evaluate the importance of individual and environmental covariates for survival. Individual covariates such as size are particularly difficult to include in capture–mark–recapture models for elusive species because the state of the individual is unknown during periods when it is not captured. Here, we integrate a von Bertalanffy growth model with a multi‐state robust‐design Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber model to test for a relationship between body size and survival in the elusive, threatened giant gartersnake, Thamnophis gigas. We take a Bayesian approach to model the size of an individual during periods when it was not captured and measured, which fully propagates uncertainty in this unobserved covariate. We found strong support for a positive relationship between snake size and annual survival, with survival increasing with size up to a peak for adult snakes, after which survival either declines slightly or plateaus for the largest individuals. Few captures of very small and very large individuals led to high uncertainty in the survival rates of these sizes. Survival of giant gartersnakes was also positively related to the amount of precipitation and the cover of emergent and floating vegetation at a site. To our knowledge, our study is the first to estimate a size–survival relationship in a snake while fully accounting for uncertainty in the size of unobserved individuals. Our results have implications for the management of this threatened species and illustrate the utility of integrating hierarchical Bayesian models to the study of survival in elusive species.
Copper toxicity in Bristol Bay headwaters: Part 1—Acute mortality and ambient water quality criteria in low-hardness water
Authors: Morris Jeffrey M. , Brinkman Stephen F. , Carney Michael W. , Lipton Joshua 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

The world-class Alaskan Bristol Bay salmon fishery and vast deposits of copper (Cu) and other metals in the watershed warrant further investigation into the potential toxicity of Cu to salmonids under the low water-hardness conditions that occur in the watershed. Therefore we investigated the acute toxicity of Cu to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in low-hardness water (∼ 30 mg/L as CaCO3) formulated in the laboratory and collected from the Bristol Bay watershed. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for rainbow trout exposed to Cu in low-hardness laboratory water was 16 μg Cu/L (95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 12, 21; dissolved Cu, filtered to 0.45 μm). The LC50 values for fathead minnows exposed to Cu in low-hardness laboratory water or site water were 29 and 79 μg Cu/L (95% CIs: 23, 35 and 58, 125; dissolved Cu), respectively. The biotic ligand model (BLM) LC50 estimates for these bioassays were 1.3 to 2.3 times higher than the actual LC50 values. We also calculated and analyzed acute Cu water quality criteria, also known as criterion maximum concentration (CMC), using hardness-based methods and the BLM for water samples collected throughout the Bristol Bay watershed in 2007. Biotic ligand model CMCs ranged from 0.05 to 17.5 μg Cu/L and hardness-based CMCs ranged from 2.3 to 6.1 μg Cu/L for the 65 samples analyzed. Our results show the need for site-specific research and subsequent water quality guidelines in low-hardness aquatic habitats. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:190–197. © 2018 SETAC
Critical review and analysis of aquatic toxicity data on oil spill dispersants
Authors: Bejarano Adriana C. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Oil spill response requires consideration of several countermeasures including chemical dispersants, but their potential toxicity to aquatic species poses a concern. Considerable in vivo aquatic toxicity data from laboratory exposures have been generated since 2010 for current-use dispersants. The objective of the present review is to provide a synthesis of these data to improve dispersant hazard assessments. Data from multiple studies were evaluated based on reliability criteria. Although procedures, standards, endpoints, and statistical approaches were usually described, nearly a quarter of sources did not provide sufficient information to judge study quality but were considered on a case-by-case basis. Data were used to develop dispersant-specific species sensitivity distributions and hazard concentrations protective of 95% of the species (HC5). Given data limitations, post-2010 toxicity data were augmented with pre-2010 data and model predictions. The HC5s calculated for 54 dispersants fell mostly within the moderate to slightly toxic range and were compared to field dispersant-only concentrations estimated from operational application rates under conservative assumptions. Based on available evidence, dispersants may not pose a significant risk under field conditions to most aquatic species, if proper application and dilution are taken into account. Recommendations on improved toxicity testing and reporting as well as research needs are also provided. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2989–3001. © 2018 SETAC
Abstract
SSDs for Corexit 9500 developed from pre-2010 (red) and post-2010 (blue) toxicity data.
No evidence of microplastic impacts on consumption or growth of larval Pimephales promelas
Authors: Malinich Timothy David , Chou Nathan , Sepúlveda Maria S. , Höök Tomas O. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Microplastics are an abundant pollutant in aquatic systems, but little is known regarding their effects on larval fish. We conducted foraging and growth experiments to observe how increasing densities of microplastics (polyethylene microspheres) impact the foraging and growth of Pimephales promelas larvae. We found minimal impacts on larval consumption of Artemia nauplii in the consumption study, as well as little impact on total length after 30 d of the growth experiment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2912–2918. © 2018 SETAC
Geochemistry of ultramafic–mafic rocks of the Madawara Ultramafic Complex in the southern part of the Bundelkhand Craton, Central Indian Shield: Implications for mantle sources and geodynamic setting
Authors: Ramiz Mir Md , Mondal Md. Erfan Ali , Farooq Syed Hilal 
Published: August 2018

Detailed field, petrography and whole‐rock geochemical study was carried out in order to constrain the mantle sources and geodynamic setting of the Madawara Ultramafic Complex (MUC) of the Bundelkhand Craton. Studies reveal that there are two types of ultramafic rocks: (a) high‐Mg ultrabasic/basic rocks and (b) undeformed ultramafic–mafic plutonic rocks. The high‐Mg ultrabasic/basic rocks have undergone severe low‐grade (greenschist) metamorphism and are characterized by stringer and veinlet structures of talc–tremolite–actinolite schists with alternate layers of serpentinites showing comparatively higher SiO2 (46.1–49.4 wt%), lower MgO (24.6–26.2 wt%), and higher Al2O3 (4.58–7.06 wt%) and CaO (2.72–6.77 wt%) compared to the undeformed ultramafic rocks. The undeformed ultramafic rocks (mainly harzburgite, lherzolite, and olivine websterite) are characterized by globular structures and have lower SiO2 (40–44.1 wt%), higher MgO (30.4–38 wt%) and lower Al2O3 (1.84–4.03 wt%) and CaO (0.16–3.14 wt%). The undeformed mafic rocks (mainly gabbro) occur as small pockets within the undeformed ultramafic rocks as well as independent outcrops. Limited variation in Nb/Th against Nb/Yb along with negative Nb‐Ti anomalies of all the rock types in the multi‐element diagram reveals the significant role of the metasomatized mantle in their genesis. All the rocks show enrichment in light rare earth element and large‐ion lithophile elements compared to heavy rare earth elements and high‐field strength elements. The geochemical characteristics coupled with Ce/Yb versus Ce variation of the rocks of MUC point towards two different sources for their genesis. The high‐Mg ultrabasic/basic rocks are derived from partial melting of metasomatized mantle at shallow depth, while the undeformed ultramafic rocks were formed as a result of asthenospheric upwelling from a greater depth that induced the melting in the overlying lithosphere. Gabbro rocks represent the last and most evolved phase of the complex. Geochemical signatures suggest that the rocks of MUC were formed in a continental arc setting.