bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redefining Identity through Code Choice in "Al-Ḥubb fī ’l-manfā" by Bahāʾ Ṭāhir
Authors: Bassiouney Reem 
Published: March 2019

This study examines the use of language and code choice in a modern Egyptian novel, al-Ḥubb fī ’l-manfā (Love in Exile) by Bahāʾ Ṭāhir (b. 1935). The study concentrates on the diglossic situation that prevails in the entire Arabic-speaking world, i.e. a situation in which there are two language varieties: a ‘High’ variety (standard Arabic) and a ‘Low’ one (vernacular dialects), each with a different function. The study will concentrate on the language varieties, or ‘codes’, used by the writer to depict dialogues between the different protagonists in the novel. The question posed is whether the dialogues in this, as well as in other novels published in Egypt and the Arab world, reflect realistic linguistic choices on the part of the protagonists, or whether this literature projects a different reality with different rules and language choices. If the latter case is true then language may be viewed as a tool to redefine reality and project different identities. It is argued that the choice of standard or vernacular has a discourse function, well as a creative one. This case study furthers our understanding of code choice in dialogue in the Arabic literature of Egypt, and of the Arab world in general.
Die "Marthiya" des Aʿshā Bāhila auf seinen Halbbruder al-Muntashir: Eine Thematische Untersuchung
Authors: Borg Gert 
Published: March 2019

In some medieval anthologies of classical Arabic poetry we find a poem by the pre-Islamic poet Aʿshā Bāhila, who probably died in the beginning of the seventh century AD. This widely appreciated poem is a dirge in commemoration of his half-brother al-Muntashir b. Wahb, who died in battle. In this article, the poem is analysed and evaluated, and from the number of textual variants it becomes clear that both the text and the verse order are severely damaged. The number of transmissions of this poetic text can effectively be limited to three. A more essential factor that contributed to the dismembering of the text is that it may have become entangled with another dirge, composed by the sister of the deceased, Daʿjāʾ ukht al-Muntashir. Based on our knowledge of structure and thematic development of dirges composed by women, we are able to dissect these poems, and, in the process, we can ‘reconstruct’ both.
La Prose Amoureuse Arabo-Islamique: De l'isnād Traditionnel aux Sources Livresques
Authors: Balda-Tillier Monica 
Published: March 2019

This article focuses on the method of transmission in aḫbār belonging tothe Arabic literary genre of love prose. The survey of the system ofquotations in thirteen love treatises written between the 4th/10th and the11th/17th centuries indicates that the traditional isnād, in which the names of the transmitters are included, was progressively abandoned. Authors starting from Muġulṭāy (d. 762/1361) chose instead to favour quotations of books by their titles, even though the preferred method of transmitting knowledge was still oral during the Mamluk period. Use of written ‘references’ not only indicates a formal change of conventional practice, but also implies the willingness of later authors to claim a kind ofauthorship in reshaping stories taken from old material.
k - Le soufisme New Age des salles de yoga
Authors: Chams Dalia 
Published: March 2019

In trendy yoga studios, a new type of Sufism practice is flourishing in Egypt, that we can call New Age Sufism. It’s merging traditional Sufi practices as ḏikr, with Zen meditation and yoga breathing techniques. People who attend this kind of sessions are more or less highly ranked; they are looking for another way to reach serenity and inner peace, to avoid post-revolution stress.This paper aims to analyse this kind of practice by first describing a Sufi meditation session, in order to explain how it creates a new type of Sufism New Age, more universal and not linked to a religion in particular. Then, it sheds light on the target group this neo-Sufism is attracting and the reasons behind these practises. At the end, the paper emphasises other related aspects of this phenomenon in the cultural field.
Identification of an eight-gene signature for survival prediction for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma based on integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Qiao Guo-jie , Chen Liang , Wu Jin-cai , Li Zhou-ri 
Published: March 2019

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite recent advances in imaging techniques and therapeutic intervention for HCC, the low overall 5-year survival rate of HCC patients remains unsatisfactory. This study aims to find a gene signature to predict clinical outcomes in HCC.

Methods
Bioinformatics analysis including Cox’s regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier (KM) and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and the random survival forest algorithm were performed to mine the expression profiles of 553 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public database.

Results
We selected a signature comprising eight protein-coding genes (DCAF13, FAM163A, GPR18, LRP10, PVRIG, S100A9, SGCB, and TNNI3K) in the training dataset (AUC = 0.77 at five years, n = 332). The signature stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups with significantly different survival in the training dataset (median 2.20 vs. 8.93 years, log-rank test P < 0.001) and in the test dataset (median 2.68 vs. 4.24 years, log-rank test P = 0.004, n = 221, GSE14520). Further multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the signature was an independent prognostic factor for patients with HCC. Compared with TNM stage and another reported three-gene model, the signature displayed improved survival prediction power in entire dataset (AUC signature = 0.66 vs. AUC TNM = 0.64 vs. AUC gene model = 0.60, n = 553). Stratification analysis shows that it can be used as an auxiliary marker for many traditional staging models.

Conclusions
We constructed an eight-gene signature that can be a novel prognostic marker to predict the survival of HCC patients.
Low genetic diversity in captive populations of the critically endangered Blue-crowned Laughingthrush (Garrulax courtoisi) revealed by a panel of novel microsatellites
Authors: Chen Guoling , Zheng Chenqing , Wan Nelson , Liu Daoqiang , Fu Vivian Wing Kan , Yang Xu , Yu Yat-tung , Liu Yang 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundCaptive populations permit research and conservation of endangered species in which these efforts are hardly implemented in wild populations. Thus, analysing genetic diversity and structure of captive populations offers unique opportunities. One example is the critically endangered Blue-crowned Laughingthrush,Garrulax courtoisi, which has only two known wild populations in Wuyuan, Jiangxi and Simao, Yunnan, China. We carried out the first conservation genetic study, in order to provide useful implications that allow for successful ex situ conservation and management of the Blue-crowned Laughingthrush.MethodsUsing the novel microsatellite markers developed by whole-genome sequencing, we genotyped two captive populations, from the Ocean Park Hong Kong, which are of unknown origin, and the Nanchang Zoo, which were introduced from the Wuyuan wild population since the year 2010–2011, respectively. The genetic diversity of captive Blue-crowned Laughingthrush populations was estimated based on genetic polymorphisms revealed by a new microsatellite data set and mitochondrial sequences. Then, we characterised the population structure using STRUCTURE, principal coordinates analysis, population assignment test using the microsatellite data, and haplotype analysis of mitochondrial data. Additionally, we quantified genetic relatedness based on the microsatellite data with ML-Relate.ResultsOur results showed equally low levels of genetic diversity of the two captive Blue-crowned Laughingthrush populations. The population structure analysis, population assignment test using the microsatellite data, and haplotype analysis of the mitochondrial data showed weak population structuring between these two populations. The average pairwise relatedness coefficient was not significant, and their genetic relatedness was quantified.DiscussionThis study offers a genetic tool and consequently reveals a low level of genetic diversity within populations of a critically endangered bird species. Furthermore, our results indicate that we cannot exclude the probability that the origin of the Hong Kong captive population was the wild population from Wuyuan. These results provide valuable knowledge that can help improve conservation management and planning for both captive and wild Blue-crowned Laughingthrush populations.
Evaluation and Comparative Study of the Nutritional Profile and Antioxidant Potential of New Quinoa Varieties
Authors: Razzeto Gabriela Silvina , Uñates María Angelina , Moreno José Elías Rojas , Lucero López Romina Viviana , Aguilar Elba Graciela , Sturniolo Héctor , Escudero Nora Lilian 
Published: March 2019

Aims: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an ancient crop known for its high nutritive potential. The goal of the present work is to study the nutritional composition, identify some antinutritional factors and antioxidant compounds, and evaluate their antioxidant activity in four advanced lines of quinoa seeds obtained in experimental plots.
Methodology: For this purpose, proteins, total lipids, fiber, moisture, ash and carbohydrates, as well as fatty acid composition and mineral content, were determined in whole meal flours of these advanced lines. The presence of trypsin inhibitors, saponins, nitrates, oxalates and phytate was also evaluated, as well as total phenols and antioxidant activity.
Results: These new quinoa varieties have good nutritional properties, with high protein content in comparison to cereals. In this work, the analysis of proximate and mineral profile of quinoa showed that this pseudocereal has a similar profile but significantly higher than rice, a traditional cereal. Quinoa is a rich source of magnesium, iron, manganese, copper and molybdenum, which are elements that are deficient in almost all gluten-free cereals. The tests performed on the evaluated antinutrient compounds resulted within the acceptable values for human consumption.
The seed extract showed a total phenol content between 43.42 ± 1.35 and 25.82 ± 1.47 mg of gallic acid equivalent/100 g dry weight (P= .05). The antioxidant activities were estimated by DPPH, β carotene and nitric oxide scavenging activity. The results of the methanolic extract were, in average, 88.95 for %DPPH, 26.56 for %β carotene, and varied between 85.82 ± 8.32 to 22.20 ± 1.80 for %NO (P= .05).
Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the new quinoa lines obtained in the central-west region of Argentina, which present agronomic advantages, are safe for human consumption and beneficial due to the content of nutrients and bioactive compounds that exert protection against many diseases.
Influence of Ethanolic Extracts of Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae) Leaves on Pituitary- Gonadal Axis of Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Asuquo O. R. , Ekanem T. B. , Oko O. O. K , Eluwa M. A. 
Published: March 2019

Background: Spondias mombin is one of the tropical plants used locally to treat various kinds of ailment, its use as an anti-conceptive remedy in our locality had been reported.
Objective: The aim of this study was to establish a dose-dependent or duration effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Spondias mombin on the anterior pituitary cells, testes and epididymides of Wistar rats of Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods: A total of thirty (30) matured male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=5). Group 1 animals served as control and received vehicle (distilled water). Groups 2 and 3 were administered with 250 mgkg-1 body weight of extract for 4 and 6 weeks respectively, while groups 4 and 5 received 500 mgkg-1 body weight of extract for 4 and 6 weeks also. Animals were anaesthetized with chloroform and sacrificed at the end of the administration. Body weight, weights of reproductive organs and vital organs were evaluated. Blood was taken from the animals for haematological and biochemical analysis. The pituitary gland, male reproductive and accessory glands were excised and fixed in 10% formalin for routine histological examination.
Results: The influence of ethanolic extract of Spondias mombin leaves on the pituitary cells and reproductive organs of male Wistar rats given 250 and 500 mgkg-1 body weight for 4 and 6 weeks showed loss of cytoplasmic contents and free spaces of pituitary cells, desquamation of seminiferous epithelial cells, degradation of seminiferous tubules and reduction in cells. The epididymis of the test groups showed abundant immature cells and cell debris in their lumen. The accessory glands showed homogenous pinkish fluid, glandular degeneration of the prostate and seminal vesicles with decreased structural integrity. The organ weights of the experimental animals were not significantly affected, however, a significant (P<0.05) decrease in reproductive organ weights was recorded. Ethanolic extract of Spondias mombin on liver enzymes showed significant protection against hepatobiliary damage.
Conclusion: These results suggest that Spondias mombin has a dose-dependent and duration deleterious effect on the pituitary and reproductive organs at their cellular levels rather than on the tissue as a whole.
Effect of Phyllanthus amarus on Some Reproductive Indices of Male Albino Rats
Authors: Ekpo P. B. , Edu N. E. , Umoyen A. J. , Thomas T. L. , Abraham S. O. 
Published: March 2019

Background: Medicinal plants have been a good source of drugs for humans, but chronic and prolong use of medicinal plants like Phyllanthus amarus for the treatment of malaria and other disorders are issues of concerns. This study evaluated the effect of Phyllanthus amarus on reproductive organs and sperm parameters in albino rats.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-four healthy male albino rats of 12 weeks old were assigned into four groups with six rats in each group using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The experimental animals were orally treated with Phyllanthus amarus. Group A served as the control and was given only water and feed; Group B, C and D received 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW and 300 mg/kgBW of Phyllanthus amarus respectively. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The treatments lasted for a period of 65 days after two weeks of acclimatization.
Results: The results showed statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction in weight of testes and epididymes, sperm motility, sperm viability, sperm count and sperm head abnormalities in male rats treated with Phyllanthus amarus when compared to the control. The sperm pH was not significantly (p>0.05) affected by Phyllanthus amarus among the different treatment groups in the experimental animals.
Conclusion: Findings from the present study indicate that Phyllanthus amarus possesses a dose-dependent anti-fertility activity in amale albino rats under a sub-chronic course of administration.
The Prognostic Implication of CD49d Expression by Flow Cytometry and Trisomy 12 Detection by Fluorescent in situ Hybridization in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Zaki Eman Mosaad , El-Gammal Sahar Abd Allah , Sayed Noha Gaber , Sediek Mayada Fawzy , Mohamed Asmaa Ahmed 
Published: March 2019

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common chronic lympho‑proliferative disorder. This study done to detect the level of cluster of differentiation (CD)49d in CLL patients by flow cytometry and its correlation with the prognosis (survival) and with (trisomy12) detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH).
Methods: Clinico - hematological profiles done to fourty CLL patients. CD49d tested by flow cytometry and trisomy12 was detected by FISH.
Results: CLL patients classified according to modified Rai staging system into: low risk 12.5%, intermediate risk 22.5% and high risk 65%. CD49d and trisomy12 positivity were detected in 29 patients (72.5%) and 22 patients (55%), respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the percentage of trisomy12 and of CD49d cells in CLL patients (P =0.034). And also, between CD49d and CD38 (P =0.034). On the other hand, there was no significant relation between both CD49d and trisomy12 expression and modified Rai staging system.
As regard to overall survival (O.S) and disease free survival (DFS), both CD49d, trisomy12 positive cases were associated with shorter disease free, and overall survivals compared to the negative cases.
Regarding to the relation between the use of combination of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) as a standard treatment in CLL and OS and DFS of patients in our study, we found that FCR account for the better outcome associated with its use.
Conclusion: CLL B-cell membrane expression of CD49d as measured by flow cytometry is a powerful prognostic parameter in patients with CLL. Its positive correlation with the trisomy12 and CD38 and the association of both CD49d and trisomy12 with short survival times indicate that they may have roles in the prognosis of CLL.
Different Sources and Concentrations of 6-BA in Chemical Thinning of Post-flowering in Apple Trees
Authors: Gabardo Gentil Carneiro , Petri José Luiz , Kretzchmar Aike Anneliese , De Martin Mariuccia Schlichting , Sezerino André Amarildo , Coser Willian 
Published: March 2019

Aims: Evaluate the efficiency of sources and dosages of 6-benzyladenine in the chemical thinning of the apple tree ‘Fuji Suprema’, as well as possible histological changes in the fruits produced, in the Midwestern region of the state of Santa Catarina.
Study Design: The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design and replicated six replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Caçador, Brazil (latitude 26º46 'S, longitude 51º W, altitude 960 meters), during the growing season of 2016/2017.
Methodology: Two commercial products based on 6-BA (Benzyladenine), Exilis® and Maxcel®, both with 2% BA in their composition, were tested and applied individually in post-flowering period (in fruits of 5-10 mm), which were compared with plants with no thinning and manual thinning. Treatments were as follows: Control (no thinning); manual thinning; Exilis® (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 L ha-1) and Maxcel® 4.5 L ha-1), using a spray volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The fruit set and the number of fruit per cm2 branch, was reduced in treated plants, regardless of the concentration of BA or formulation used. The productivity ranged from 38 to 56.5 t ha-1 in the treatments of Exilis®, 60.5 t ha-1 in manual scaling and 24.5 t ha-1 in the Maxcel® 4.5 L ha-1, characterizing excessive thinning. BA is efficient in fruit thinning in 'Fuji Suprema' apple trees, being the reduction of fruiting, and increase of fruit size, proportional to the applied concentration. There may be differentiated efficiency of the product by its formulation, even though they have concentrations of active ingredient equivalent. Exilis® was efficient in thinning of apple "Fuji Supreme", when applied to fruit 5 to 10 mm in diameter reduced the need for manual thinning, without causing toxicity. BA can promote the increase in the cell density of fruits produced in proportion to the applied concentration.
A Simple Approach to Design Proteins for the Sustainable Synthesis of Metal Nanoclusters
Authors: Aires Antonio , Llarena Irantzu , Moller Marco , Castro‐Smirnov Jose , Cabanillas‐Gonzalez Juan , Cortajarena Aitziber L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMetal nanoclusters (NCs) are considered ideal nanomaterials for biological applications owing to their strong photoluminescence (PL), excellent photostability, and good biocompatibility. This study presents a simple and versatile strategy to design proteins, via incorporation of a di‐histidine cluster coordination site, for the sustainable synthesis and stabilization of metal NCs with different metal composition. The resulting protein‐stabilized metal NCs (Prot‐NCs) of gold, silver, and copper are highly photoluminescent and photostable, have a long shelf life, and are stable under physiological conditions. The biocompatibility of the clusters was demonstrated in cell cultures in which Prot‐NCs showed efficient cell internalization without affecting cell viability or losing luminescence. Moreover, the approach is translatable to other proteins to obtain Prot‐NCs for various biomedical applications such as cell imaging or labeling.
Healthcare Policy Changes in Osteoporosis Can Improve Outcomes and Reduce Costs in the United States
Authors: Lewiecki E Michael , Ortendahl Jesse D , Vanderpuye‐Orgle Jacqueline , Grauer Andreas , Arellano Jorge , Lemay Jeffrey , Harmon Amanda L , Broder Michael S , Singer Andrea J 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIn the United States, osteoporosis affects over 10 million adults, has high societal costs ($22 billion in 2008), and is currently being underdiagnosed and undertreated. Given an aging population, this burden is expected to rise. We projected the fracture burden in US women by modeling the expected demographic shift as well as potential policy changes. With the anticipated population aging and growth, annual fractures are projected to increase from 1.9 million to 3.2 million (68%), from 2018 to 2040, with related costs rising from $57 billion to over $95 billion. Policy‐driven expansion of case finding and treatment of at‐risk women could lower this burden, preventing 6.1 million fractures over the next 22 years while reducing payer costs by $29 billion and societal costs by $55 billion. Increasing use of osteoporosis‐related interventions can reduce fractures and result in substantial cost‐savings, a rare and fortunate combination given the current landscape in healthcare policy. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Validation of an Magnetic Resonance Imaging Acquisition and Review Protocol for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders
Authors: Asselin Alexandre , Potvin Olivier , Bouchard Louis-Olivier , Brisson Mélanie , Duchesne Simon 
Published: March 2019

Purpose Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain allows for the identification of structural lesions typical of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the main cause of dementia. However, to have a clinical impact, it is imperative that acquisition and reporting of this MRI-based evidence be standardized, ensuring the highest possible reliability and reproducibility. Our objective was to validate a systematic radiological MRI acquisition and review process in the context of AD. Methods We included 100 individuals with a suspicion of dementia due to AD for whom MRI were acquired using our proposed protocol of clinically achievable acquisitions and used a unified reading grid to gather semi-quantitative evidence guiding diagnostic. MRIs were read by 3 raters with different experience levels. Interrater reliability was measured using Cohen's kappa statistic. Results Interrater reliability average for lesions occupying space, hemorrhage, or ischemia, was respectively 0.754, 0.715, and 0.501. Average reliability of white matter hyperintensity burden (Fazekas), global cortical atrophy, and temporal lobe atrophy (Scheltens) scales was 0.687, 0.473, and 0.621 (right)/0.599 (left), respectively. The kappas for regional cortical atrophy (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, and posterior cingulum) varied from 0.281–0.678. The average MRI reading time varied between 1.43-5.22 minutes. Conclusions The presence of space occupying lesions, hemorrhagic or ischemic phenomena, and radiological scales have a good interrater reproducibility in MRI. Coupled with standardized acquisitions, such a protocol should be used when evaluating possible dementias, especially those due to probable AD.