bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valoración de la finca rústica “La Laguna” en Tierra Blanca, provincia de Cartago: Una Propuesta Integral
Authors: Álvarez-Varela Diana , Gómez-Garita Kevin , Madriz Segura Diana , Méndez Campos Paulo , Murillo Zamora Alexandra 
Published: December 2018

Se realizó un análisis de diferentes métodos utilizados en tasación, con el objetivo de encontrar el valor físico de una finca rústica en Tierra Blanca de Cartago, dedicada al cultivo de cebolla, papa y remolacha, y con un área de 6.347,31m2. La investigación estimó el valor de la tierra mediante tres diferentes métodos, el econométrico, el comparativo y el financiero, y para la valoración de la infraestructura localizada en la finca se utilizó el método de costo neto de reposición.
Para el método econométrico se buscaron terrenos en comunidades cercanas, para una muestra total de 17 referencias de precios de terrenos, y se corrió el modelo econométrico, tomando como referencia el tamaño de los terrenos y la distancia al centro de desarrollo, que en este caso, es la ciudad de Cartago.
El método econométrico propuesto estimó un valor de ¢10.911,55/m2, mientras que el método comparativo basado en 6 referencias seleccionadas, estimó el valor de la tierra es ¢9.355,65/ m2. Estos resultados fueron cercanos al obtenido por el método financiero que estimó un valor de ¢8,483,44/m2 para la tierra bajo uso rotacional de papa y cebolla.
El valor final del terreno se obtuvo como promedio de los tres métodos anteriores y resultó ser de ¢9.583,55/m2 para un valor total de la tierra de ¢60.829.762,75.
El costo de edificaciones proporcionó un estado de conservación de 0,9794, una edad de 38 años, una vida útil de 45 años, el valor de desecho es 0 y un valor nuevo de reposición por metro cuadrado de ¢74.440,72 y un valor total de la edificación de ¢2.274.816,58.
Influence of consortia of lactic acid microorganisms on the dynamics of active and titratable acidity at the main stage of fermentation of white cabbage
Authors: Posokina N. E. , Shishlova E. S. , Zakharova A. I. 
Published: December 2018

Fermented cabbage is traditionally produced naturally, where under the action of lactic acid bacteria contained in raw materials, carbohydrates are converted into lactic acid. However, the direct fermentation process does not always lead to an optimal quality product. That is why the use of lactic acid microorganisms is a good alternative to the direct fermentation of cabbage, as with the help of starter cultures the process can be controlled. In this connection, the use of strains of lactic acid microorganisms allows to achieve rapid production of lactic and acetic acids and leads to a rapid decrease in pH, which in turn leads to the suppression of pathogenic microflora, and therefore to the creation of favorable conditions for the fermentation process. The aim of this study was to study the effect of consortia of lactic acid microorganisms on the dynamics of active and titratable acidity in the main stage of fermentation of white cabbage of the variety "Parus". For the study, the prepared modified model medium (MMC) from cabbage was used. In this work, we used lactic acid bacteria Leuconostoc mesenteroides and its consortia: L. mesenteroides + L. casei, L. mesenteroides + L. plantarum, L. mesenteroides + L. brevis, L. mesenteroides + L. casei + L. plantarum, L. mesenteroides + L. plantarum + L. brevis, L. mesenteroides + L. brevis + L. casei. Mathematical processing was carried out according to the obtained experimental data. Analysis of experimental data showed that at the main stage of fermentation the relationship of lactic acid microorganisms in the studied consortia was expressed by synergistic and antagonistic properties. In this case, the best results on the dynamics of growth of active and titratable acidity were obtained in consortiums L. mesenteroides + L. plantarum, L. mesenteroides + L. casei + L. plantarum, L. mesenteroides + L. plantarum + L. brevis.
Production of selenium-containing extracts from vegetable materials
Authors: Muravev K. Yu , Barakova N. V. 
Published: December 2018

The effect of proteolytic and cytolytic enzymes, as well as extraction time, on the efficiency of selenium extraction from vegetable materials was evaluated. The materials containing selenium to be extracted were Chinese lettuce (Brassica rapa) of pak-choi variety and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) of Kharkovskiy variety, both undergone selenium enrichment via agrochemical cultivation. A single water solution of DistizymProtacid Extra (proteolytic) and Viscostar (cytolytic) enzymes served as the extracting agent. Said solution was introduced into samples, with the exception of two control samples, in such quantities that the dosage of non-diluted enzymes was 1 µl each enzyme to 1 g sample. Accounting for the dilution, the resulting dosage was 1 part water solution to 12 parts vegetable material. Extraction time amounted to 24 hours. The temperature of extraction was either 45°C or 55°C. Selenium content in the extracts obtained was determined according to GOST R 53182–2008. It was found that the amount of dry matter in extracts became larger as extraction process continued. The maximum of dry matter content in pakchoi lettuce and amaranth extracts was achieved at non-zero enzyme dosage (1 µl per 1 g) and the extraction temperature of 55°C and was equal to 7.40 g?100 cm–3and 2.95 g?100 cm?3 dry matter, respectively. Selenium content in all extracts amounted to 257.3 µg?dm?3 at 45°C and 284.9 µg?dm?3 at 55°C; in amaranth extracts 325.8 µg?dm–3 (45°C) and 347.0 µg?dm?3 (55°C). The results obtained may be further applied to preparation of food adjuncts and functional foods.
Development of resource-saving technology for the production of toilet soap base with a periodic indirect method from neutral fats
Authors: ZHeltouhova E. Yu. , Kondrashina E. D. 
Published: December 2018

In the course of the work, the technology of obtaining toilet soap with cosmetic properties was improved; samples of soap with the introduction of physiologically functional substances into the composition of the formulation components were experimentally obtained in order to preserve the initial physiologically active properties. The technological process of preparing the basic toilet soap periodically indirect method of neutral fats includes the following stages: caustic saponification of the fat set; grinding soap base; upholding of the soap base; draining the soap base; ennoblement of a soapy glue. Saponification of the main fat raw material is carried out in the soap boiler and can be produced both on the rest of the soap from the previous cooking, and using the pre-refined adhesive residue from the previous brews. Grinding of the soap base is carried out by hot water 80–90 ?, dry table salt or solution of caustic alkali, which are delivered in separate portions at boiling of the mass with a steaming steam, in an amount necessary for mass separation during grinding into the core (toilet base) and saponified adhesive. The sedimentation of the soap base is made after grinding is performed to separate the mass in the grinding process into the core (toilet base) and the sapwood glue. The temperature of the soap mass before settling must be at least 100 °C. The settling time is not less than 24 hours. The preparation of the core is carried out in a soap boiler. Prefabricated soap of toilet soap is heated to a boil with a hot steam. Then produce a high level of sapper adhesive with dry table salt, which is introduced in the amount necessary to separate the mass into a core and a flushing liquor. After each portion of the salt is injected, the soap mass is boiled for 15–20 minutes until completely dissolved and uniformly distributed in the mass. Salting is considered complete if the soap in the cauldron acquires a granular structure and in the sample on the spatula the kernels of the nucleus are clearly visible, between which the flaked lye flows.
Technology of sweet cream butter with flavoring components
Authors: Dolmatova O. I. , Sharshov A. S. 
Published: December 2018

The authors suggested the use of maple syrup as a flavor component in the production of sweet dessert oil of a dessert type. Maple syrup is a sweet syrup made from juice of a tree of sugar maple, red maple, black maple or horseradish maple. Has found its application as an additive for ready meals and as a recipe component of sweet dishes. An important advantage of maple syrup in front of other sweeteners (brown sugar, stevia, agave syrup, honey, etc.) is that it contains a very small amount of oxalates and purines, and therefore does not cause food allergy. Thus, it also possesses antibacterial, antidiabetic properties, improves the functioning of the cardiovascular system, etc. The analysis of the vitamin and mineral composition of maple syrup showed a high content of vitamins В1 and В2, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc. The work was carried out on the selection of optimal dosage of vegetable syrup in the production of sweet and sour oil with flavor components. The mass fraction of syrup varied in the range of 0.5 to 10%. The optimum dosage is set to 8%. The technological scheme of the soda oil with maple syrup involves the following operations: acceptance of raw components; milk separation and cream production; pasteurization of cream; Cream separation and preparation of high-fat cream; introduction of maple syrup; normalization of high-fat cream; conversion of a normalized mixture into an oil; oil packing. The indexes of quality of oil of a sweet-soup with maple syrup are studied. The conformity of oil to the requirements of GOST 32899–2014 is established. The expiration date of the product packed in aluminum foamed foil has been determined for 15 days at a temperature of (3 ± 2) °С. On the basis of the data obtained, it is possible to draw a conclusion on the expediency of developing and implementing the technology of the sweet and sour album oil with maple syrup at the enterprises of the oil and fat industry.
3D- vs. 4K-Display System - Influence of "State-of-the-art"-Display Technique On Surgical Performance (IDOSP-Study) in minimal invasive surgery: protocol for a randomized cross-over trial
Authors: Wahba Roger , Datta Rabi R , Hedergott Andrea , Bußhoff Jana , Bruns Thomas , Kleinert Robert , Dieplinger Georg , Fuchs Hans , Giezelt Caroline , Möller Desdemona , Hellmich Martin , Bruns Christiane J , Stippel Dirk L 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background: Three-dimensional (3D) stereoscopic vision is crucial to perform any kind of manual tasks. The reduction from real life 3D- to virtual two-dimensional (2D) sight is a major challenge in minimal invasive surgery (MIS). 3D-display technique has shown to reduce operation time, mistakes, and improve the learning curve. Therefore it seems to optimize surgical performance for novice and experienced surgeons. Inspired by consumer electronics 4K display technique was introduced to MIS recently. Due to its high resolution and zoom-effect surgeons should benefit from it. Aim of this study is to evaluate if “state-of-the-art” 3D- versus 4K- display techniques could influence surgical performance.
Methods: A randomized cross-over single-institution single-blinded trial is designed. It compares the primary outcome parameter “surgical performance”, represented by “performance time “ and “number of mistakes” using a passive polarizing 3D- and a 4K-display system (2 arms) to perform different tasks in a minimal-invasive/laparoscopic training parkour. Secondary outcome parameters are the mental stress load (NASA task load index) and the learning curve. Unexperienced novices (medial students), non-board certified and board-certified abdominal surgeons participate in the trial (i.e. level of experience, 3 strata). The parkour consists of 7 tasks (novices 5 tasks), which will be repeated 3 times. The 1st run of the parkour will be performed with the randomized display system the 2nd with the other one. After each run metal stress load is measured. After completion of the parkour all participant are evaluated by an ophthalmologist for visual acuity and stereoscopic vision with five tests. A sample-size of 34 per stratum is required to detect a standardized effect of 0.5 with a power of 80% at two-sided type I error of 5%. Thus, altogether 102 subjects need to be enrolled.
Discussion: Complex surgical procedures are performed in minimal invasive/laparoscopic technique. This study should provide some evidence to decide which display technique a surgeon could choose to optimize his performance.
Trial Registration: This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (trial number: NCT03445429, registered February 7, 2018, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)
Keywords: Minimal invasive surgery, laparoscopic, 3D, 4K, surgical performance, learning curve, surgical training
Infectious Keratitis in Western Nepal: An Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Shrestha Rajani , Nayak Niranjan , Gurung Babita , Gokhale Shishir 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background: Corneal blindness is a major public health problem worldwide and infectious keratitis is one of its leading causes. The aim was is to analyze the microbial etiology of corneal ulcers and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates in order to find out the existing drug resistance pattern.
Methods: Corneal scrapings were collected as per the standard procedure. All the isolates were identifies by conventional microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disc diffusion method. Clinical grading of the ulcerative lesion was carried out by the recommended protocol.
Results: Among the 84 cases of clinically diagnosed infectious keratitis investigated, 33 (39.3%) were farmers by occupation. All cases were reviewed for predisposing conditions and clinical severity. Ulcers were categorized as mild in 49 cases moderate in 12 and severe in 23 cases. Predisposing conditions were found in 55(65.5%) of the 84 cases. Forty-two cases showed culture positivity. Among these 42; 25 (29.7%) yielded fungal growth, 13(30.1%) yielded bacteria and the rest 4 (4.7%) showed mixed growth. Aspergillus spp. (10/29; 34.5%) were the commonest fungi isolated followed by Fusarium spp. (6/29; 20%). Similarly, Staphylococcus aureus, (8/17; 47%) was the most common among bacteria. Majority i.e 66.7% (26 of 39) of those having trauma, as the predisposing factor developed moderate to severe degree of corneal ulceration as compared to only 20% (9 of 45) of those without any history of trauma. (p<0.001). Interestingly, 20(68.9%) of the 29 cases that had yielded fungal growth on culture had had previous history of ocular trauma in contrast to only 19 (34.5%) of the 55 who had non-fungal origin of keratitis. (p=0.003). Fungal keratitis cases presented with more severe form of ulcerative lesions exhibiting more often with infiltrates and hypopion as compared to bacterial keratitis. Topical administration of fourth generation fluoroquinolone eye drops remained the most effective drug of choice with clinical improvement in all cases without any complications.
Conclusions: Trauma with vegetative matter predisposed to most cases of fungal keratitis. Severe form of ulceration was noticed in patients with fungal infection. Surveillance of the antibiotic sensitivity is needed for quality patient management.
Effects of Intraoperative PEEP on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Patients Undergoing Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Resection for Bladder Cancer or Prostate Cancer: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhou Zhen-feng , Fang Jun-biao , Chen Long , Wang Hong-fa , Yu Yong-jian , Wang Wen-yuan , Chen Jia-bao , Zhang Miao-zun , Hu Shuang-fei 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background: There are increasing studies shown that the use of a lung-protective ventilation strategy has a lung protection effect in patients undergoing abdominal surgery, however, the appropriate PEEP has not yet defined. Adopting a suitable PEEP may prevent PPCs. Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery is the newest and most minimally invasive care for bladder cancer or prostate cancer. It is also necessary to consider the effects of trendelenburg position with pneumoperitoneum (PnP) on airway pressure and pulmonary function. The role of PEEP during the intraoperative period in preventing PCC for robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery is not clearly defined.
Methods/design: A total number of 208 patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical resection for bladder cancer or prostate cancer will be enrolled and randomized into a standard PEEP (6-8 cmH2O) group and a low PEEP (≤ 2 cm H2O) group. Both groups will receive an inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) of 0.50 and a tidal volume of 8 ml/kg ideal body weight (IBW). Standard perioperative fluid management standardization and analgesic treatments will be applied in both groups. The primary endpoint was postoperative pulmonary complications within 7 days after surgery. Secondary endpoints will be: the modified clinical pulmonary infection score (mCPIS), postoperative extrapulmonary complications, postoperative surgical complications, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, hospital length of stay, thirty-day mortality.
Discussion: This trial is aimed to assess the effects of low tidal volumes combined a intraoperative PEEP ventilation strategy on postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical resection for bladder cancer or prostate cancer.
Programa de concientización jurídica en el empoderamiento de los derechos humanos, Pachacámac, 2016
Authors: Galarza Orrilla Jesús Manuel , Sifuentes Minaya Hada Consuelo , Calla Colana Godofredo Jorge 
Published: December 2018

El propósito de esta investigación es establecer la influencia en la aplicación del Programa de concientización jurídica en el empoderamiento de los derechos humanos en Pachacámac, 2016. Siendo el problema general: ¿cuál es la influencia de la aplicación del Programa de concientización jurídica en el empoderamiento de los derechos humanos en Pachacámac, 2016? Su hipótesisgeneral fue: Sí, existe influencia en la aplicación del Programa de concientización jurídica en el empoderamiento de los derechos humanos en Pachacámac, 2016. Su enfoque fue cuantitativo. El tipo de investigación fue aplicada, el método de estudio fue deductivo-hipotético, su diseño fue cuasiexperimental. Llegándose a la siguiente conclusión entre otras: que se encontraron diferencias significativas, es decir, que después del Programa de concientización jurídica, los estudiantesdel grupo experimental sí desarrollaron avances significativos en el empoderamiento de los derechos humanos, en la IE Isaías Ardiles 7026 de Pachacámac.
La nulidad de acto administrativo y su errado enfoque como recurso impugnatorio en la práctica. Aspectos importantes de esta institución jurídica a la luz del Decreto Legislativo N° 1272 que modificó la Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo General
Authors: Gutarra Perochena Nicolás 
Published: December 2018

Toda autoridad administrativa, en virtud a un desempeño diligente y responsable, busca cumplir con la finalidad principal de todo Estado, que es alcanzar el bienestar común, satisfaciendo el interés público y necesidades colectivas. Parte de sus funciones es atender los diferentes requerimientosde los ciudadanos. Es así como nace la relación administración-administrado. Dentro de ello se establecen diversos procedimientos para un determinado fin, procedimientos que se manejan a nivel de todas las entidades que brindan servicios públicos; es por ello que se debe cautelar las garantías procedimentales de quienes se presentan frente a la Administración en calidad de usuarios, denominados “administrados”. Sin embargo, existen diferentes situaciones que se tornan contraproducentes para dichos administrados, situación que no siempre es causa atribuible a la Administración, sino a un mal asesoramiento por parte del propio interesado. En el presente artículo analizaremos la institución jurídica de la nulidad de acto administrativo y el errado enfoque como recurso impugnatorio en la práctica, debido a que esta situación ha generado diversos inconvenientes para la Administración y el propio administrado, puesto que se genera una cierta expectativa sobre el resultado de un procedimiento o el pronunciamiento de la Administración luego de culminado dicho procedimiento, vulnerándose la predictibilidad, economía procedimentaly el interés general. Asimismo, analizaremos los puntos más importantes de la nulidad de acto administrativo a raíz de la emisión del Decreto Legislativo N° 1272, que modifica la Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo General.
Evaluación de la enseñanza-aprendizaje en el aula y percepción del estudiante de educación superior
Authors: Segovia Suller Cirilo 
Published: December 2018

En una asignatura que genera cierto grado de dificultad en la enseñanza del docente y el aprendizaje del estudiante, es recomendable que el docente utilice estrategias didácticas que favorezcan el proceso de “enseñar a aprender” y el estudiante utilice estrategias de “aprender a aprender”. Por tal motivo, se investigó en qué medida la evaluación de la enseñanza-aprendizaje en el aula esexplicada por la percepción del estudiante de educación superior, el mismo que definió el objetivo de evidenciar si la evaluación de la enseñanza-aprendizaje en el aula es explicada por la percepción del estudiante de educación superior. Para luego formular la hipótesis de que la evaluación de la enseñanza-aprendizaje en el aula es explicada por la percepción del estudiante de educación superior. La investigación fue aplicada, explicativa y no experimental. El enfoque fue cuantitativo y el método hipotético-deductivo. De igual manera fue observacional, prospectiva, transversal y analítica. Se validó el instrumento para identificar, definir y medir el constructo. Se aplicó el alfa Cronbach para determinar la consistencia interna del instrumento, la correlación de Rhode Spearman para medir la asociación entre las variables, se calculó el p– valor para contrastar la hipótesis, y se procedió al análisis factorial confirmatorio para explicar la relación causal entre las variables. La conclusión fue que la evaluación de la enseñanza-aprendizaje en el aula es explicada significativamente por la percepción del estudiante de educación superior.