bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial neural network approach for protection of the color of dried golden and pink oyster mushrooms with pretreatments
Authors: Gürgen Ayşenur , Yıldız Sibel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, the possibilities of protecting the color of dried golden and pink mushrooms were investigated, and color parameters of dried mushrooms were modeled by artificial neural network (ANN). For this purpose, first, the golden oyster mushroom (Pleurotus citrinopileatus) and pink oyster mushroom (Pleurotus djamor) were cultivated. Then, pretreatments were applied using citric acid (CA) and potassium metabisulfite (KMS) with different rates (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) separately, excluding control group mushrooms. All mushrooms were dried for 330 minutes in a laboratory type oven at two different temperatures (40°C and 50°C) until completely dehydrated. Colorimetric values (L*, a*, and b*) were determined using Konica Minolta CM‐2600d spectrophotometer for 30 minute intervals during the drying process. The obtained data were modeled using the ANN technique. The results show that darkening of mushrooms increased as the drying temperature increased. CA and KMS showed better results for dried golden and pink mushrooms, respectively. Thanks to the pretreatment, the mushroom's original color was protected compared with control samples. All mean absolute percentage error values of models were determined, which were lower than 4.0%. It was concluded that ANN can be a good way to predict the color of dried golden and pink mushrooms (pretreated or not) with a high degree of accuracy.
Crystal Growth and Scintillation Properties of Non‐Stoichiometric Cs2LiLaBr6:Ce
Authors: Lin Jia , Wei Qinhua , Zhang Di , Tang Gao , Qin Laishun , Shi Hongsheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBecause of incongruent melting, phase separation occurs when Cs2LiLaBr6:Ce (CLLB:Ce) is grown from a melt using stoichiometric raw materials. In this study, raw materials with different amounts of excess LiBr are used to grow CLLB:Ce crystals. It is found that enough excess of LiBr is beneficial to the crystal growth of CLLB:Ce. A transparent 1 × 2‐in. CLLB:Ce single crystal is successfully grown by the vertical Bridgman method. The differential scanning calorimeter‐thermogravimetric analysis (DSC‐TG), X‐ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry results are used to understand the crystallization behavior at different stages of the crystal growth process. The luminescence and related scintillation properties of the CLLB:Ce single crystal are investigated. The relative light output of the CLLB:Ce single crystal is about 48 000 ph MeV−1, which is 80% that of the LaBr3:Ce crystal. The energy resolution of the CLLB:Ce single crystal is 4.0% at 137Cs 662 keV.
Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Conversion of CO2 to CO Catalyzed by Surface‐Ligand‐Removed and Cd‐Rich CdSe Quantum Dots
Authors: Xia Wu , Wu Jin , Hu Jun‐Chao , Sun Shanshan , Li Ming‐De , Liu Hongfang , Lan Minhuan , Wang Feng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSurface ligand‐removed and Cd‐rich CdSe quantum dots (QDs) exhibited exceptional activity as photocatalyst for the conversion of CO2 to CO. A CO production rate up to 789 mmol g−1 h−1 was achieved in a triethylamine/dimethylformamide mixture under visible‐light irradiation. Mechanistic studies revealed that improving the Cd/Se stoichiometric ratio and exposing more active surface Cd atoms significantly enhanced the activity of CdSe QDs for CO2 photoreduction.
Salt‐enhanced cultivation as a morphology engineering tool for filamentous actinomycetes: Increased production of labyrinthopeptin A1 in Actinomadura namibiensis
Authors: Tesche Sebastian , Rösemeier‐Scheumann René , Lohr Jonas , Hanke René , Büchs Jochen , Krull Rainer 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSalt‐enhanced cultivation as a morphology engineering tool for the filamentous actinomycete Actinomadura namibiensis was evaluated in 500‐mL shaking flasks (working volume 100 mL) with the aim of increasing the concentration of the pharmaceutically interesting peptide labyrinthopeptin A1. Among the inorganic salts added to a complex production medium, the addition of (NH4)2SO4 led to the highest amount of labyrinthopeptin A1 production. By using 50 mM (NH4)2SO4, the labyrinthopeptin A1 concentration increased up to sevenfold compared to the non‐supplemented control, resulting in 325 mg L−1 labyrinthopeptin A1 after 10 days of cultivation. The performance of other ammonium‐ and sulfate‐containing salts (e.g., NH4Cl, K2SO4) was much lower than the performance of (NH4)2SO4. A positive correlation between the uptake of glycerol as one of the main carbon sources and nongrowth‐associated labyrinthopeptin productivity was found. The change in the cell morphology of A. namibiensis in conjunction with increased osmolality by the addition of 50 mM (NH4)2SO4, was quantified by image analysis. A. namibiensis always developed a heterogeneous morphology with pellets and loose mycelia present simultaneously. In contrast to the non‐supplemented control, the morphology of (NH4)2SO4‐supplemented cultures was characterized by smaller and circular pellets that were more stable against disintegration in the stationary production phase.
Structure and thermal property of intumescent char produced by flame‐retardant high‐impact polystyrene/expandable graphite/microencapsulated red phosphorus composite
Authors: Liu Jichun , Li Hang , Chang Haibo , He Yunpeng , Xu Airong , Pan Bingli 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis paper is aimed to illustrate the structure and thermal property of intumescent char produced by flame‐retardant polymers containing expandable graphite (EG). For this purpose, high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS) flame retarded by EG individually or in combination with microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) was prepared. The results indicate that the intumescent char from HIPS/EG/MRP composite, which contains a small amount of phosphorus element and more oxygen element, is much more compact and continuous than that from HIPS/EG composite with identical loading of flame retardant due to binding effect of phosphoric acid and its derivatives. The intumescent char produced by HIPS/EG/MRP composite exhibits much enhanced thermal and thermo‐oxidative stability as well as thermal‐insulating effect, which can withstand destruction of heat and oxygen effectively and thus provide a good fire‐proof barrier. The temperature beneath this intumescent char is decreased significantly in case of action by flame. By comparison, the porous and loose intumescent char generated by HIPS/EG composite has poor thermo‐oxidative endurance, and most of it can be consumed in air at high temperature without effective protection for the polymer. This has resulted in remarkable increase in flame retardancy of the HIPS/EG/MRP composite.
Shape optimization of screwdriver handle for improving grasping comfort of precision and power grips
Authors: Chihara Takanori , Seo Akihiko , Sakamoto Jiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractImproving grasping comfort is a significant factor in enhancing the value of industrial products, as most products are handled by human hands. Our aim was to optimize hand tool shapes and maximize grasping comfort, considering multiple‐shape parameters and grasping types. A screwdriver handle was used as the reference tool for this case study. The measurements of handle length, end diameter, and middle diameter were utilized as the shape parameters of the handle. Twelve participants were included in this study. We measured the participants' subjective perceptions of comfort while grasping the precision and power grips during screw‐driving and screw‐tightening tasks, respectively. The design of the screwdriver handle was formulated as a bi‐objective optimization problem with respect to the grasping comfort of the precision and power grips. A Pareto frontier was determined by optimizing the formulated problem. Well‐balanced and optimal shapes for the precision and power grips were identified.
Squeezing flow analysis of MHD micropolar fluid on radial and angular velocity: A semianalytical approach
Authors: Pradhan S. R. , Baag S. , Mishra S. R. , Acharya M. R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSqueezing flow of an unsteady micropolar fluid between two parallel disks has been analyzed in the current study. Transverse magnetic field and flow through the porous medium are also considered and discussed. Similarity transformation is adopted to formulate the governing equations that turn complex PDEs into nonlinear ODEs. These transformed equations are handled semianalytically by using the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). For computational purposes, various characterizing parameters are used and their behaviors are presented via plotting. Computations for the physical quantities of interest are obtained and shown in tables. The conformity of the present solution is obtained in comparison to an earlier study in a particular case and found to be in good agreement.
Osteoporosis Epidemiology Among Adults With Cerebral Palsy: Findings From Private and Public Administrative Claims Data
Authors: French Zachary P , Caird Michelle S , Whitney Daniel G 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIndividuals with cerebral palsy (CP) have an increased risk for the early development of osteoporosis; however, little is known about the epidemiology of osteoporosis for adults with CP, which is vital to inform clinical practice for osteoporosis prevention, treatment, and management. The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to determine sex‐stratified prevalence of osteoporosis among adults with CP, as compared with adults without CP. Data from 2016 were extracted from Optum Clinformatics Data Mart (private insurance administrative claims data) and a random 20% sample from the fee‐for‐service Medicare (public insurance administrative claims data). Diagnostic codes were used to identify CP and osteoporosis diagnoses. Sex‐stratified prevalence of osteoporosis was compared between adults with and without CP for the following age groups: 18 to 30, 31 to 40, 41 to 50, 51 to 60, 61 to 70, and >70 years of age. The overall prevalence of osteoporosis was 4.8% for adults without CP (n = 8.7 million), 8.4% for privately insured adults with CP (n = 7,348), and 14.3% for publicly insured adults with CP (n = 21,907). Women and men with CP had a higher prevalence of osteoporosis compared with women and men without CP for all age groups. Finally, publicly insured women and men with CP had a higher prevalence of osteoporosis compared with privately insured women and men with CP for all age groups, except for the similar prevalence among the 18‐ to 30‐year age group. These findings suggest that osteoporosis is more prevalent among adults with CP compared with adults without CP. Study findings highlight the need for earlier screening and preventive medical services for osteoporosis management among adults with CP. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Indoxyl sulfate‐induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells via the PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: He Xin , Jiang Hongli , Gao Fanfan , Liang Shanshan , Wei Meng , Chen Lei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVascular calcification (VC) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and contributes to their high rate of cardiovascular mortality. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a representative protein‐bound uremic toxin in CKD patients, which has been recognized as a major risk factor for VC. Recent studies have demonstrated that nuclear factor‐kappa B (NK‐κB) is highly activated in the chronic inflammation conditions of CKD patients and participated in the pathogenesis of VC. However, whether NK‐κB is involved in the progression of IS‐induced VC remains without elucidation. Here, we showed that NK‐κB activity was increased in the IS‐induced calcification of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Blocking the NK‐κB with a selective inhibitor (Bay‐11‐7082) significantly relieved the osteogenic transdifferentiation of HASMCs, characterized by the downregulation of early osteogenic‐specific marker, core‐binding factor alpha subunit 1 (Cbfα1), and upregulation of smooth muscle α‐actin (α‐SMA), a specific vascular smooth muscle cell marker. Besides, IS stimulated the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling. Furthermore, LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K/Akt pathway, attenuated the activation of NK‐κB and osteogenic differentiation of HASMCs. Together, these results suggest that PI3K/Akt/NK‐κB signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of osteogenic transdifferentiation induced by IS.
MRI in cardio‐oncology: A review of cardiac complications in oncologic care
Authors: Jeong Daniel , Gladish Gregory , Chitiboi Teodora , Fradley Michael G. , Gage Kenneth L. , Schiebler Mark L. 
Published: August 2019

From detailed characterization of cardiac abnormalities to the assessment of cancer treatment‐related cardiac dysfunction, cardiac MRI is playing a growing role in the evaluation of cardiac pathology in oncology patients. Current guidelines are now incorporating the use of MRI for the comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to cancer management, and innovative applications of MRI in research are expanding its potential to provide a powerful noninvasive tool in the arsenal against cancer. This review focuses on the application of cardiac MRI to diagnose and manage cardiovascular complications related to cancer and its treatment. Following an introduction to current cardiac MRI methods and principles, this review is divided into two sections: functional cardiovascular analysis and anatomical or tissue characterization related to cancer and cancer therapeutics.Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy Stage: 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1349–1366.
Changes of white matter integrity and structural network connectivity in nondemented cerebral small‐vessel disease
Authors: Liu Chengxia , Zou Lin , Tang Xiaoying , Zhu Wenhao , Zhang Guiling , Qin Yuanyuan , Zhu Wenzhen 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundPrevious studies have found widespread impairment of white matter (WM) integrity and disruption of structural network connectivity in cerebral small‐vessel disease, but have not evaluated these changes jointly in nondemented patients.PurposeTo jointly investigate the microstructural impairment of WM and the related alterations of structural network topology in nondemented cerebral small‐vessel disease (CSVD‐ND).Study TypeProspective.PopulationThirty‐seven CSVD‐ND patients and 34 elderly controls, who were age‐, sex‐, and education‐matched.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T/diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).AssessmentClinical characteristics, lacunar infarct, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) was assessed. A multiatlas likelihood fusion (MALF) algorithm was used for DTI‐based brain segmentation and network node defining. Then the alterations of WM integrity and structural network topology were investigated jointly.Statistical TestsStudent'st‐test, chi‐square test, Mann–WhitneyU‐test, linear regression, Pearson correlation, and multiple comparison correction.ResultsDecreased fractional anisotropy and increased trace values were observed in predefined structures (P< 0.05, familywise error rate‐corrected), including major commissural fibers, projection fibers, and some association fibers. Topologically, both groups showed small‐worldness. CSVD‐ND patients showed reduced global and local efficiency (P< 0.001). Despite widespread impairment of WM integrity, CSVD‐ND patients only showed reduced nodal efficiency in the right superior occipital gyrus and the right lingual gyrus (P< 0.05, familywise error rate‐corrected). The nodal local efficiency of the right precuneus was associated with the processing speed after adjusting the effect of lacunar infarct and WMH (r= –0.499,P= 0.038).Data ConclusionWM integrity was widely impaired in nondemented CSVD patients but structural network connectivity was relatively preserved. DTI may potentially provide information for the pathophysiology of CSVD in the nondemented phase.Level of Evidence:1Technical Efficacy:Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1162–1169.
On the economics of additive manufacturing: Experimental findings
Authors: Baumers Martin , Holweg Matthias 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAdditive manufacturing offers great potential for both product and process innovation in manufacturing across a wide range of industry sectors. To date, most applications that have been reported use additive manufacturing to produce either customized parts or produce at small scale, while the volume manufacture of standard parts largely remains a conjecture. In this article, we report on a series of experiments designed to elucidate how quantity, quality and cost relate in additive manufacturing processes. Our findings show that traditional economies of scale only partially apply to additive manufacturing processes. We also identify four build failure modes and quantify their combined effect on unit cost, exposing an unusual property whereby the cost‐optimal operating point occurs below maximum machine capacity utilization. Furthermore, once additive manufacturing technology is used at full capacity utilization, we find no evidence of a positive effect of increased volume on unit cost. We do, however, identify learning curve effects related to process repetition and operator experience. Based on our findings we propose a set of general characteristics of the additive manufacturing process for further testing.
Effects of smoking on non‐surgical periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis Stage III or IV, and Grade C
Authors: Kanmaz Burcu , Lappin David F. , Nile Christopher J. , Buduneli Nurcan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate possible effects of smoking on clinical, biochemical, and microbiological outcomes of non‐surgical periodontal treatment in patients with periodontitis Stage III or IV and Grade C.MethodsConventional quadrant‐wise non‐surgical periodontal treatment was performed and whole‐mouth periodontal measurements were recorded at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months after completion of treatment. Saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, subgingival plaque, and blood samples were obtained at the same time points. Inflammatory cytokine levels, presence, and quantities of 11 different bacterial species were determined. Smoking status was validated by cotinine assay.ResultsFourteen smoker and 13 non‐smoker patients completed the study protocol and revealed similar clinical findings except for the higher plaque scores in the non‐smokers at 6 months (P <0.01). Significant differences were found between the study groups in biofluid cytokine levels at 1 and 3 months (P <0.01). Gram‐negative bacteria were more abundant in the smokers at baseline and so were Gram‐positive bacteria in the non‐smokers (P <0.01). Gram‐negative bacteria repopulated in the smokers faster than in the non‐smokers (P <0.01).ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that smoker patients with periodontitis Stage III and IV, Grade C respond well to the non‐surgical periodontal treatment during the 6‐month follow‐up. However, smokers exhibit faster repopulation of Gram‐negative bacteria.
Lingual frenuloplasty with myofunctional therapy: Exploring safety and efficacy in 348 cases
Authors: Zaghi Soroush , Valcu‐Pinkerton Sanda , Jabara Mia , Norouz‐Knutsen Leyli , Govardhan Chirag , Moeller Joy , Sinkus Valerie , Thorsen Rebecca S. , Downing Virginia , Camacho Macario , Yoon Audrey , Hang William M. , Hockel Brian , Guilleminault Christian , Liu Stanley Yung‐Chuan 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundAnkyloglossia is a condition of altered tongue mobility due to the presence of restrictive tissue between the undersurface of the tongue and the floor of mouth. Potential implications of restricted tongue mobility (such as mouth breathing, snoring, dental clenching, and myofascial tension) remain underappreciated due to limited peer‐reviewed evidence. Here, we explore the safety and efficacy of lingual frenuloplasty and myofunctional therapy for the treatment of these conditions in a large and diverse cohort of patients with restricted tongue mobility.MethodsFour hundred twenty consecutive patients (ages 29 months to 79 years) treated with myofunctional therapy and lingual frenuloplasty for indications of mouth breathing, snoring, dental clenching, and/or myofascial tension were surveyed. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon using a scissors and suture technique. Safety and efficacy was assessed >2 months postoperatively by means of patient‐reported outcome measures.ResultsIn all, 348 surveys (83% response rate) were completed showing 91% satisfaction rate and 87% rate of improvement in quality of life through amelioration of mouth breathing (78.4%), snoring (72.9%), clenching (91.0%), and/or myofascial tension (77.5%). Minor complications occurred in <5% of cases including complaints of prolonged pain or bleeding, temporary numbness of the tongue‐tip, salivary gland issues, minor wound infection or inflammation, and need for revision to excise scar tissue. There were no major complications.ConclusionLingual frenuloplasty with myofunctional therapy is safe and potentially effective for the treatment of mouth breathing, snoring, clenching, and myofascial tension in appropriately selected patient candidates. Further studies with objective measures are merited.Level of Evidence3
How progressive vegetation die‐off in a tidal marsh would affect flow and sedimentation patterns: A field demonstration
Authors: Schepers Lennert , Van Braeckel Alexander , Bouma Tjeerd J. , Temmerman Stijn 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCoastal marshes provide valuable ecosystem functions, but some are facing increasing risks of vegetation loss due to sea level rise and other stressors. A key question is how tidal flow and sedimentation patterns are affected by the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation loss, as sediment accretion with sea level rise largely affects the potential for marsh recovery. Here, we performed a field study in a macrotidal reed marsh and simulated typical spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation loss by consecutive mowing. For each mowing pattern, the spatial patterns of flow velocities and sedimentation rates were recorded. Our results indicate that initial vegetation loss in inner marsh portions, with an intact vegetation belt alongside channel edges, has limited effect on tidal flows over the marsh. However, subsequent creation of unvegetated corridors connecting the bare inner marsh and the channels increases flow velocities in these corridors but not in remaining vegetation patches. Finally, when all vegetation is removed, sheet flow occurs over the whole marsh instead of concentrated channel flow. Effects on spatial sedimentation patterns are complex and not significant on all measuring locations. Nevertheless, our study indicates that complete vegetation removal results in redistributed sedimentation patterns, with a general tendency of locally reduced sedimentation rates close (< 15 m) to channels and increased sediment supply to inner marshes 15–50 m from channels. Our results highlight that feedbacks between spatial patterns of vegetation loss, tidal sediment transport, and deposition are key to understanding and mitigating risks of marsh loss in face of sea level rise.