bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in Costs of a Collaborative Care Model for Dementia
Authors: Rosa Talita D. , Possin Katherine L. , Bernstein Alissa , Merrilees Jennifer , Dulaney Sarah , Matuoka Jessica , Lee Kirby P. , Chiong Winston , Bonasera Stephen J. , Harrison Krista L. , Kahn James G. 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVESCare coordination programs can improve patient outcomes and decrease healthcare expenditures; however, implementation costs are poorly understood. We evaluate the direct costs of implementing a collaborative dementia care program.DESIGNWe applied a micro‐costing analysis to calculate operational costs per‐participant‐month between March 2015 and May 2017.SETTINGThe University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC).PARTICIPANTSParticipants diagnosed with dementia, enrolled in Medicare or Medicaid, 45 years of age or older, residents of California, Nebraska or Iowa, and having a caregiver. The sample was 272 (UCSF) and 192 (UNMC) participants.INTERVENTIONA collaborative dementia care program provided by care team navigators (CTNs), advanced practice nurses, a social worker, and a pharmacist, focusing on caregiver support and education, medications, advance care planning, and behavior symptom management.MEASUREMENTSWe measured costs (personnel, supplies, equipment, and training costs) during three program periods, Start‐up, Early Operations, and Continuing Operations, and estimated the effects of caseload variation on costs.RESULTSStart‐up and Early Operations costs were, respectively, $581 and $328 (California), and $501 and $219 (Nebraska) per‐participant‐month. Average costs decreased across phases to $241 (California) and $142 (Nebraska) per‐participant‐month during Continuing Operations. We estimated that costs would range between $75 (UNMC) and $92 (UCSF) per‐participant‐month with the highest projected caseloads (90).CONCLUSIONWe found that CTN caseload is an important driver of service cost. We provide strategies for maximizing caseload without sacrificing quality of care. We also discuss current barriers to broad implementation that can inform new reimbursement policies. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2628–2633, 2019
Hypertension Treatment in US Long‐Term Nursing Home Residents With and Without Dementia
Authors: Boockvar Kenneth S. , Song Wei , Lee Sei , Intrator Orna 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVESTo describe patterns of antihypertensive medication treatment in hypertensive nursing home (NH) residents with and without dementia and determine the association between antihypertensive treatment and outcomes important to individuals with dementia.DESIGNObservational cohort study.SETTINGAll US NHs.PARTICIPANTSLong‐term NH residents treated for hypertension in the second quarter of 2013, with and without moderate or severe cognitive impairment, as defined by the NH Minimum Data Set (MDS) Cognitive Function Scale.MEASUREMENTSThe primary exposure was intensity of antihypertensive treatment, as defined as number of first‐line antihypertensive medications in Medicare Part D dispensing data. The outcome measures were hospitalization, hospitalization for cardiovascular diseases using Medicare Hierarchical Condition Categories, decline in physical function using the MDS Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) scale, and death during a 180‐day follow‐up period.RESULTSOf 255 670 NH residents treated for hypertension, 117 732 (46.0%) had moderate or severe cognitive impairment. At baseline, 54.4%, 34.3%, and 11.4% received one, two, and three or more antihypertensive medications, respectively. Moderate or severe cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 0.80 vs no or mild impairment; P < .0001), worse physical function (OR = 0.64 worst vs best tertile; P < .0001), and hospice or less than a 6‐month life expectancy (OR = 0.80; P < .0001) were associated with receipt of fewer antihypertensive medications. Increased intensity of antihypertensive treatment was associated with small increases in hospitalization (difference per additional medication = 0.24%; 95% confidence interval = 0.03%‐0.45%) and cardiovascular hospitalization (difference per additional medication = 0.30%; 95% confidence interval = 0.21%‐0.39%) and a small decrease in ADL decline (difference per additional medication = −0.46%; 95% confidence interval = −0.67% to −0.25%). There was no significant difference in mortality (difference per additional medication = −0.05%; 95% confidence interval = −0.23% to 0.13%).CONCLUSIONLong‐term NH residents with hypertension do not experience significant benefits from more intensive antihypertensive treatment. Antihypertensive medications are reasonable targets for deintensification in residents in whom this is consistent with goals of care. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2058–2064, 2019
Modeling copper demand in China up to 2050: A business‐as‐usual scenario based on dynamic stock and flow analysis
Authors: Dong Di , Tukker Arnold , Van der Voet Ester 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a dynamic stock model and scenario analysis involving a bottom‐up approach to analyze copper demand in China from 2005 to 2050 based on government and related sectoral policies. The results show that in the short‐term, China's copper industry cannot achieve a completely circular economy without additional measures. Aggregate and per capita copper demand are both set to increase substantially, especially in infrastructure, transportation, and buildings. Between 2016 and 2050, total copper demand will increase almost threefold. Copper use in buildings will stabilize before 2050, but the copper stock in infrastructure and transportation will not yet have reached saturation in 2050. The continuous growth of copper stock implies that secondary copper will be able to cover just over 50% of demand in 2050, at best, even with an assumed recycling rate of 90%. Finally, future copper demand depends largely on the lifetime of applications. There is therefore an urgent need to prolong the service life of end‐use products to reduce the amount of materials used, especially in large‐scale applications in buildings and infrastructure.
The Scope of Midwifery Practice Regulations and the Availability of the Certified Nurse‐Midwifery and Certified Midwifery Workforce, 2012‐2016
Authors: Ranchoff Brittany L. , Declercq Eugene R. 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionStudies have linked midwifery practice laws to the availability of midwives but have generally not related workforce data to potential demand for reproductive health services. We examined state regulatory structure for midwives and its relationship to midwifery distribution and vital statistics data at the state and county level.MethodsMidwifery distribution data came from the Area Health Resources Files, distribution of women of reproductive age came from the US Census, and birth statistics came from US Natality Files from 2012 to 2016. Midwifery regulations were drawn from American College of Nurse‐Midwives Annual Reports. We used bivariate analysis to examine the relationship between state midwifery practice regulations and the number of midwives available in states and counties to potentially meet women's health care needs.ResultsTwenty states and the District of Columbia had autonomous practice regulatory frameworks, whereas 24 states had collaborative practice regulatory frameworks during the years between 2012 and 2016. Six states changed regulations during that period. In 2016, the number of midwife‐attended births per number of midwives in a state was not related to the regulatory framework. However, states with autonomous frameworks had 2.2 times as many midwives per women of reproductive age (P < .0001) and 2.3 times as many midwives per total births when compared with states with collaborative statutory frameworks (P < .0001). At the county level, 70.1% of US counties had no midwife. Of those states with autonomous practice, only 59.7% of counties had no midwives, compared with 74.1% in states with collaborative models (P < .0001).DiscussionMidwives have the potential to help address the shortage of maternity and reproductive health service providers. Our research suggests that increasing the number of states with autonomous regulatory frameworks can be one way to expand access to care for women in the United States.
Casticin inhibits invasion and proliferation via downregulation of β‐catenin and reversion of EMT in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Xie Yaxin , Zhong Liang , Duan Dingyu , Li Taiwen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCasticin expresses multiple anti‐cancer activities, whereas the effect of casticin on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still unclear. β‐catenin signaling plays a crucial role in the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition which is closely related to tumorigenesis. Herein, we aimed to study the functions of casticin on invasion and migration of OSCC, and clarify whether the effect of casticin on OSCC has a relationship with β‐catenin signaling.MethodsHuman OSCC cell lines UM1 and HSC‐3 were treated with different concentrations of casticin. The cell viability was evaluated by MTT and soft agar colony formation. Transwell assay and wound‐healing assay were performed to measure the ability of cell invasion and migration. The protein expression was assessed by Western blotting.ResultsCasticin displayed inhibitory activities of cell viability, invasion, and migration on OSCC cell lines. Meanwhile, casticin could reverse EMT process and inhibit the expression of β‐catenin in OSCC. Knock‐down or overexpression of β‐catenin could alter the effect of casticin on OSCC.ConclusionsCasticin impaired invasion and migration of OSCC by inhibition of β‐catenin and reversal of EMT and could be a potential anti‐cancer bioactive agent.
Clinical and laboratory findings and survival time associated with cardiac cachexia in dogs with congestive heart failure
Authors: Ineson Deanna L. , Freeman Lisa M. , Rush John E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCardiac cachexia, loss of muscle mass associated with congestive heart failure (CHF), is associated with increased morbidity and shorter survival times in people, but an association between cardiac cachexia and survival has not been reported in dogs.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of cachexia and its associations with clinical, laboratory, and survival data in dogs with CHF.AnimalsTwo hundred sixty‐nine dogs with CHF.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. Cachexia was defined by 1 of 2 definitions: (1) mild, moderate, or severe muscle loss or (2) weight loss of ≥5% in 12 months or less. Variables were compared between dogs with and without cachexia.ResultsOne hundred thirty of 269 dogs (48.3%) had cardiac cachexia based on muscle loss, whereas 67 of 159 dogs (42.1%) with pre‐evaluation body weights had cachexia based on weight loss. Dogs with cachexia (based on muscle loss) were significantly older (P= .05), more likely to have a cardiac arrhythmia (P= .02), had higher chloride concentrations (P= .04), and had a lower body condition score (P < .001), hematocrit (P= .006), hemoglobin (P= .006), and albumin (P= .004) concentrations. On multivariable analysis, cachexia (P= .05), clinically important tachyarrhythmias (P < .001), azotemia (P < .001), and being under‐ or overweight (bothP= .003) were associated with shorter survival times.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCardiac cachexia in common in dogs with CHF and is associated with significantly shorter survival. This emphasizes the importance of preventing, diagnosing, and treating muscle loss in dogs with CHF.
Selection for barriers between honey bees and a devastating parasite
Authors: Evans Jay D. 
Published: July 2019

Rivaling pesticides and a dearth of flowers, the parasitic mite Varroa destructor presents a tremendous threat to western honey bees, Apis mellifera. A longstanding, but minor, pest for the Asian honey bee Apis cerana, these obligate bee parasites feast on developing and adult A. mellifera across several continents. Varroa reproduction is limited to a short window when developing bee pupae are concealed in wax cells. Mated females target developing bees just before pupation and then have about one day to initiate reproduction, eventually laying one male and up to several female offspring. Female mites often fail to reproduce at all, instead waiting in cells until their bee host finishes development and then hitching dangerous rides on a succession of adult bees for up to several weeks, before scouting for a new host pupa. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Conlon et al. (2019) have explored mite reproductive success via a clever and thought‐provoking association study. In so doing, they have identified a protein whose actions could be integral to the dance between bees and their mite parasites.
A Fuzzy‐Based Risk Assessment Framework for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Under‐Ice Missions
Authors: Loh Tzu Yang , Brito Mario P. , Bose Neil , Xu Jingjing , Tenekedjiev Kiril 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe use of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for various scientific, commercial, and military applications has become more common with maturing technology and improved accessibility. One relatively new development lies in the use of AUVs for under‐ice marine science research in the Antarctic. The extreme environment, ice cover, and inaccessibility as compared to open‐water missions can result in a higher risk of loss. Therefore, having an effective assessment of risks before undertaking any Antarctic under‐ice missions is crucial to ensure an AUV's survival. Existing risk assessment approaches predominantly focused on the use of historical fault log data of an AUV and elicitation of experts’ opinions for probabilistic quantification. However, an AUV program in its early phases lacks historical data and any assessment of risk may be vague and ambiguous. In this article, a fuzzy‐based risk assessment framework is proposed for quantifying the risk of AUV loss under ice. The framework uses the knowledge, prior experience of available subject matter experts, and the widely used semiquantitative risk assessment matrix, albeit in a new form. A well‐developed example based on an upcoming mission by an ISE‐explorer class AUV is presented to demonstrate the application and effectiveness of the proposed framework. The example demonstrates that the proposed fuzzy‐based risk assessment framework is pragmatically useful for future under‐ice AUV deployments. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates the validity of the proposed method.
Analytical queries on semantic trajectories using graph databases
Authors: Gómez Leticia I. , Kuijpers Bart , Vaisman Alejandro A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article studies the analysis of moving object data collected by location‐aware devices, such as GPS, using graph databases. Such raw trajectories can be transformed into so‐called semantic trajectories, which are sequences of stops that occur at “places of interest.” Trajectory data analysis can be enriched if spatial and non‐spatial contextual data associated with the moving objects are taken into account, and aggregation of trajectory data can reveal hidden patterns within such data. When trajectory data are stored in relational databases, there is an “impedance mismatch” between the representation and storage models. Graphs in which the nodes and edges are annotated with properties are gaining increasing interest to model a variety of networks. Therefore, this article proposes the use of graph databases (Neo4j in this case) to represent and store trajectory data, which can thus be analyzed at different aggregation levels using graph query languages (Cypher, for Neo4j). Through a real‐world public data case study, the article shows that trajectory queries are expressed more naturally on the graph‐based representation than over the relational alternative, and perform better in many typical cases.
Investigation of interference from canine anti‐mouse antibodies in hormone immunoassays
Authors: Bergman Daniel , Larsson Anders , Hansson‐Hamlin Helene , Ström Holst Bodil 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCanine anti‐mouse antibodies are a potential source of immunoassay interference, but erroneous immunoassay results are not always easily identifiable. Anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a marker for the presence of gonads in dogs, but elevated AMH concentrations in neutered dogs could also be caused by antibody interference. For other assays, a discrepant result obtained after antibody precipitation might indicate antibody interference.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate if canine anti‐mouse antibodies are a source of erroneous results in the AMH assay and if antibody precipitation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a useful tool for detecting antibody interference in a variety of immunoassays used in the veterinary clinical laboratory.MethodsTwenty‐nine positive and 25 negative samples for anti‐mouse antibodies were analyzed for AMH, canine total thyroxine (TT4), canine thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) and progesterone before and after treatment with PEG. Results that differed by more than four SDs from the intra‐assay coefficients of variation were considered discrepant. Elevated AMH concentrations in neutered dogs with anti‐mouse antibodies and no visible gonads present were considered evidence of interference.ResultsEvidence of antibody interference was found in two samples analyzed for AMH. The presence of anti‐mouse antibodies did not lead to a higher proportion of discrepant results after PEG treatment for any of the immunoassays. The overall incidence of discrepant results for healthy controls was very high (73%).ConclusionsCanine anti‐mouse antibodies are a source of erroneous AMH results. Antibody precipitation with PEG is not a useful tool for detecting interference caused by such antibodies.
MIMO Channel Capacity for Rail Transportation Applications: The Impact of Tunnel Curvatures
Authors: Aziminejad Arash , He Yan 
Published: July 2019

Rail transportation industry has drawn a growing interest on the use of Radio Access Technology for critical and non-critical services to improve safety/reliability, performance, and passenger experience. During the past two decades the theory and practice of the MIMO communications has solidified to the point where MIMO is now the main infrastructure for several legacy and emerging radio access standards.
In this paper, the impact of subway tunnels’ curvatures on the MIMO channel capacity is explored. A heuristic approach is proposed which provides an efficient and low complexity solution for the MIMO channel capacity in curved subway tunnels for both the C-MIMO and the D-MIMO paradigms. The suggested approach is quite versatile and can be swiftly expanded to the case of multi-segment inhomogeneous tunnels.
Effect of Strand Indentation Types on the Development Length and Flexural Capacity of Concrete Railroad Ties Made With Different Prestressing Strands
Authors: Momeni Amir Farid , Peterman Robert J. , Beck B. Terry , Wu Chih-Hang John 
Published: July 2019

Pretensioned concrete prisms made with five different prestressing strand types (four 7-wire strands and one 3-wire strand) were load tested to failure to understand the effect of strand indentation types on the development length and bonding performance of these different reinforcements. The prestressing strands were denoted SA, SB, SD, SE and SF. SA was a smooth strand while the other four were indented strands. All strands utilized in manufacturing ofprisms had diameter of 3/8″ (9.52 mm). Among all types of strands, SF was the only 3-wire strand and the remaining strands were all 7-wire strands. For all types of strands, four straight strands were embedded into each concrete prism, which had a 5.5″ (139.7 mm) × 5.5″ (139.7 mm) square cross section. The strands were tensioned to 75 percent of ultimate tensile strength of strands and gradually de-tensioned when the concrete compressive strength reached 4500 psi (31.03 Mpa). A consistent concrete mixture with type III cement, water-cement ratio of 0.32 and a 6-in. slump was used for all prisms.
Prisms were load tested in 3-point-bending at different embedment lengths to obtain estimations of the development length of each type of strand. Two out of three identical 69-in.-long (175.26 cm) prisms were load tested at one end and one was tested at both ends for each reinforcement type evaluated. First prisms were tested at 28-in. (71.12 cm) from the end, while second prisms were tested at 20-in. (33.02 cm) from the end. Third prisms were loaded at 16.5-in. (41.9 cm) from one end and 13-in. (33.02 cm) from the other end. Thus, a total of 20 load tests (5 strand types × 4 tests each) were conducted in this study.
During each test, a concentrated load with the rate of 900 lb/min (4003 N/min) was applied at mid-span until failure occurred. Values of load, mid-span deflection, and strand endslip were continuously monitored and recorded during each test. Plots of load-vs-deflection were then compared for prisms with each strand type and span, and the maximum sustained moment was also calculated for each test. The load tests revealed that there is a large difference in the development length of the strands based on their indentation type.
Impact of Reduced Share of Rotary Frequency Converters in a Low Frequency Synchronous Railway Grid: A Transient Stability Study
Authors: Laury John , Abrahamsson Lars , Bollen Math 
Published: July 2019

Most low-frequency AC single-phase railway grids have both power-electronic based Static Frequency Converters (SFCs) and electrical-machine based Rotary Frequency Converters (RFCs) connecting them to the three-phase public grid.
Already today, in some such grids, a majority of the power conversion is from SFCs. As railway traffic (and thus power demand) increases, more SFCs are installed for capacity increase, while the number of RFCs remains (almost) constant. Thus, the share of SFCs is expected to increase, and the ratio of installed rotational inertia over installed power to decrease.
This paper investigates how different shares of SFCs affect the transient stability of low-frequency AC railway grids when having a mix of RFCs and SFCs converting three-phase AC power to single-phase AC power. Results from numerical simulations of the interactions that occur between converters when and after the grid is subject to a fault are presented.
The numerical studies show that with an increased share of SFCs there is an increased oscillatory behavior, for example in the voltage magnitude and active power after fault clearance.