bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An important and overlooked parameter in platelet rich plasma preparation: The mean platelet volume
Authors: Ozer Kadri , Kankaya Yuksel , Çolak Özlem 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe platelets are the most heterogeneous cellular elements of the blood in size whereas larger platelets have more granules that make them more reactive rather than their smaller counterparts.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to report the distribution of platelets in the plasma after centrifugation steps.MethodsTwelve healthy male subjects were enrolled.5.4 mL of whole blood samples were collected for each tube containing 0.6 mL of acid citrate dextrose. Four samples were centrifuged at the force of 180 × g for 15 minutes. Then, 0.6 mL buffy coat was drawn from one of the four centrifuged tubes and 1/3 of the lower layer of the plasma (1.0 mL) from the second centrifuged tube; 1/3 of the middle(1.0 mL) and 1/3 of the upper layer (1.0 mL) of the plasma from third and fourth ones were drawn for blood analysis.ResultsBlood analysis including MPV and platelet concentrations were significantly different between the layers (P < .05). Together buffy coat and lower third of plasma layers contain 87% of the entire platelet mass.ConclusionsPlatelets should not be argued only with their concentration, but it would be appropriate to evaluate with their yielded concentration and volume with MPV together while comparing PRP preparation protocols and kits.
Motor Competence Levels and Prevalence of Developmental Coordination Disorder in Spanish Children: The MOVI‐KIDS Study
Authors: Amador‐Ruiz Santiago , Gutierrez David , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente , Gulías‐González Roberto , Pardo‐Guijarro María J. , Sánchez-López Mairena 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDMotor competence (MC) affects numerous aspects of children's daily life. The aims of this study were to: evaluate MC, provide population‐based percentile values for MC; and determine the prevalence of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in Spanish schoolchildren.METHODSThis cross‐sectional study included 1562 children aged 4 to 6 years from Castilla‐La Mancha, Spain. MC was assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children‐Second Edition. Values were analyzed according to age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), environment (rural/urban), and type of school.RESULTSBoys scored higher than girls in aiming and catching, whereas girls aged 6 scored higher than boys in balance. Children living in rural areas and those attending to public schools obtained better scores in aiming and catching than those from urban areas and private schools. The prevalence of DCD was 9.9%, and 7.5% of children were at risk of having movement problems.CONCLUSIONMotor test scores can represent a valuable reference to evaluate and compare the MC in schoolchildren. Schools should identify motor problems at early ages and design initiatives which prevent or mitigate them.
Negative Substance Use Consequences Associated With Noncondom Use Among Male, but Not Female, Alternative High School Students
Authors: Grigsby Timothy J. , Forster Myriam , Tsai Jennifer , Rohrbach Louise A. , Sussman Steve 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAlternative (or continuation) high schools are institutions designed for students at risk for not graduating due to behavioral, educational, or medical problems. The present study explored the relationship between negative substance use consequences (eg, having trouble at school or work) and noncondom use in this at‐risk population and whether these associations varied by sex.METHODSParticipants (N = 1101; 62.9% Hispanic; Mage = 16.85) were sampled from 24 alternative high schools in California, and data were analyzed using cross‐sectional multivariate logistic regression models.RESULTSWe observed a relationship between the number of negative substance use consequences and probability of noncondom use at the last sexual encounter for boys (p < .001) but not girls (p > .05). There were significant associations between specific social consequences (missing school/work) and dependence symptoms (selling personal items to get alcohol or drugs) with noncondom use for boys only. There was a similar association between substance use frequency and noncondom use for boys.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that substance use consequences may be a useful and advantageous indicator of risky sexual behaviors such as noncondom use for boys, but not girls, in alternative high school settings. Future research and intervention programming recommendations are discussed.
Improving the prescribing of palivizumab
Authors: Trist Simone , Horsley Emily , Katf Hala , Tasker Natalie , Mostaghim Mona 
Published: June 2018

AimPalivizumab prevents respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children at high risk of severe disease. This paper reviews the use and effectiveness of palivizumab at two tertiary paediatric hospitals (hospitals A and B) in New South Wales, Australia.MethodsChildren prescribed palivizumab during the pre‐intervention period, 1 January 2013 until 31 December 2014, were compared with children under 2 years of age who were admitted to paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) with an RSV infection. Eligibility for palivizumab was determined. To improve evidence‐based utilisation of palivizumab, a ‘streamlined palivizumab individual patient use’ (IPU) pro forma was introduced at hospital A during 2015, and its applicability was reviewed.ResultsIn the 2 years prior to implementing the streamlined IPU, 47 children received palivizumab, with 87% at hospital A. Of the children at hospital A, 32% did not meet the guidelines, and 32% did not complete the course. While 13% of children admitted to PICU for RSV infection were eligible for palivizumab, none received it prior to admission. In 2015, 16 streamlined IPUs were submitted, and 11 patients received palivizumab. Of these patients, 27% did not meet the guidelines, and 63% did not complete the course. Of the children who received palivizumab during the three RSV seasons, one developed an RSV infection, and none were admitted to PICU.ConclusionsPalivizumab is often prescribed without meeting recognised best practice guidelines, and patients eligible are frequently not prescribed palivizumab. The streamlined IPU, implemented in hospital A, excluded patients who did not meet guidelines. The pro forma needs further refinement, and complementary strategies introduced to improve compliance.
Transcriptome response of the foundation plant Spartina alterniflora to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
Authors: Alvarez Mariano , Ferreira de Carvalho Julie , Salmon Armel , Ainouche Malika L. , Cavé‐Radet Armand , El Amrani Abdelhak , Foster Tammy E. , Moyer Sydney , Richards Christina L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDespite the severe impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the foundation plant species Spartina alterniflora proved resilient to heavy oiling, providing an opportunity to identify mechanisms of response to the anthropogenic stress of crude oil exposure. We assessed plants from oil‐affected and unaffected populations using a custom DNA microarray to identify genomewide transcription patterns and gene expression networks that respond to crude oil exposure. In addition, we used T‐DNA insertion lines of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon to assess the contribution of four novel candidate genes to crude oil response. Responses in S. alterniflora to hydrocarbon exposure across the transcriptome as well as xenobiotic specific response pathways had little overlap with those previously identified in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Among T‐DNA insertion lines of B. distachyon, we found additional support for two candidate genes, one (ATTPS21) involved in volatile production, and the other (SUVH5) involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression, that may be important in the response to crude oil. The architecture of crude oil response in S. alterniflora is unique from that of the model species A. thaliana, suggesting that xenobiotic response may be highly variable across plant species. In addition, further investigations of regulatory networks may benefit from more information about epigenetic response pathways.
The unexpected genetic mating system of the red‐backed toadlet (Pseudophryne coriacea): A species with prolonged terrestrial breeding and cryptic reproductive behaviour
Authors: O'Brien Daniel M. , Keogh J. Scott , Silla Aimee J. , Byrne Phillip G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMolecular technologies have revolutionized our classification of animal mating systems, yet we still know very little about the genetic mating systems of many vertebrate groups. It is widely believed that anuran amphibians have the highest reproductive diversity of all vertebrates, yet genetic mating systems have been studied in <1% of all described species. Here, we use single nucleotide polymorphisms to quantify the genetic mating system of the terrestrial breeding red‐backed toadlet Pseudophryne coriacea. In this species, breeding is prolonged (approximately 5 months), and males construct subterranean nests in which females deposit eggs. We predicted that females would display extreme sequential polyandry because this mating system has been reported in a closely related species (P. bibronii). Parentage analysis revealed that mating success was heavily skewed towards a subset of males (30.6% of potential sires) and that nearly all females (92.6%) mated with one male. In a high percentage of occupied nests (37.1%), the resident male was not the genetic sire, and very few nests (4.3%) contained clutches with multiple paternity. Unexpectedly, these results show that sequential polyandry is rare. They also show that there is a high frequency of nest takeover and extreme competition between males for nest sites, but that males rarely sneak matings. Genetic analysis also revealed introgressive hybridization between P. coriacea and the red‐crowned toadlet (Pseudophryne australis). Our study demonstrates a high level of mating system complexity, and it shows that closely related anurans can vary dramatically in their genetic mating system.
A noncoding RNA transcribed from the AGAMOUS (AG) second intron binds to CURLY LEAF and represses AG expression in leaves
Authors: Wu Hui‐Wen , Deng Shulin , Xu Haiying , Mao Hui‐Zhu , Liu Jun , Niu Qi‐Wen , Wang Huan , Chua Nam‐Hai 
Published: June 2018

Summary

Dispersed H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) of the AGAMOUS (AG) genomic locus is mediated by CURLY LEAF (CLF), a component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex (PRC) 2. Previous reports have shown that the AG second intron, which confers AG tissue‐specific expression, harbors sequences targeted by several positive and negative regulators.

Using RACE reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we found that the AG intron 2 encodes several noncoding RNAs. RNAi experiment showed that incRNA4 is needed for CLF repressive activity. AG‐incRNA4RNAi lines showed increased leaf AG mRNA levels associated with a decrease of H3K27me3 levels; these plants displayed AG overexpression phenotypes.

Genetic and biochemical analyses demonstrated that the AG‐incRNA4 can associate with CLF to repress AG expression in leaf tissues through H3K27me3‐mediated repression and to autoregulate its own expression level.

The mechanism of AG‐incRNA4‐mediated repression may be relevant to investigations on tissue‐specific expression of Arabidopsis MADS‐box genes.
Quantification of uncertainties in conifer sap flow measured with the thermal dissipation method
Authors: Peters Richard L. , Fonti Patrick , Frank David C. , Poyatos Rafael , Pappas Christoforos , Kahmen Ansgar , Carraro Vinicio , Prendin Angela Luisa , Schneider Loïc , Baltzer Jennifer L. , Baron‐Gafford Greg A. , Dietrich Lars , Heinrich Ingo , Minor Rebecca L. , Sonnentag Oliver , Matheny Ashley M. , Wightman Maxwell G. , Steppe Kathy 
Published: June 2018

Summary

Trees play a key role in the global hydrological cycle and measurements performed with the thermal dissipation method (TDM) have been crucial in providing whole‐tree water‐use estimates. Yet, different data processing to calculate whole‐tree water use encapsulates uncertainties that have not been systematically assessed.

We quantified uncertainties in conifer sap flux density (Fd) and stand water use caused by commonly applied methods for deriving zero‐flow conditions, dampening and sensor calibration. Their contribution has been assessed using a stem segment calibration experiment and 4 yr of TDM measurements in Picea abies and Larix decidua growing in contrasting environments. Uncertainties were then projected on TDM data from different conifers across the northern hemisphere.

Commonly applied methods mostly underestimated absolute Fd. Lacking a site‐ and species‐specific calibrations reduced our stand water‐use measurements by 37% and induced uncertainty in northern hemisphere Fd. Additionally, although the interdaily variability was maintained, disregarding dampening and/or applying zero‐flow conditions that ignored night‐time water use reduced the correlation between environment and Fd.

The presented ensemble of calibration curves and proposed dampening correction, together with the systematic quantification of data‐processing uncertainties, provide crucial steps in improving whole‐tree water‐use estimates across spatial and temporal scales.
Modeling the productivity of commercialLactariusmushrooms: A case study in the Kizilcasu planning unit, Turkey
Authors: Mumcu Kucuker Derya , Baskent Emin Zeki 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEmpirical models for mushroom productivity are essential tools for analyzing trade‐offs among multiple objectives when developing and implementing integrated forest management plans. In this study, data measured in 30 permanent plots from a 4‐year period of mushroom production were used to predict mushroom productivity. The fresh weights ofLactarius deliciosusandL. salmonicolormushrooms were recorded in each sample plot. Owing to the hierarchical structure of the data obtained, equations were developed to produce mixed models using stand and topographic variables. The results showed that increasing slopes increased annual yield in northerly aspects, yet decreased the annual yield in southerly aspects. Besides, the productivity was negatively influenced by height, age and crown closure, and positively influenced by mean stand diameter, growing stock and elevation alone. However, the combined effects of age and diameter and the combined effects of growing stock and height separately showed a negative trend on mushroom yield.Recommendation for Resource ManagersProductivity models were developed as important tools in developing nonwood forest products integrated forest management plans.The models show that annual yield ofLactariusmushroom is significantly influenced by certain stand and topographic variables.Use of these models is critical for analyzing trade‐offs among various forest values such as wood and nonwood forest products.The models could lead to optimization of the production and conservation of fungal resources and allow forest managers and field foresters to forecast mushroom production and manage forest interventions affecting mushroom production.
Individualization of music‐based rhythmic auditory cueing in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Bella Simone Dalla , Dotov Dobromir , Bardy Benoît , de Cock Valérie Cochen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGait dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease can be partly relieved by rhythmic auditory cueing. This consists in asking patients to walk with a rhythmic auditory stimulus such as a metronome or music. The effect on gait is visible immediately in terms of increased speed and stride length. Moreover, training programs based on rhythmic cueing can have long‐term benefits. The effect of rhythmic cueing, however, varies from one patient to the other. Patients’ response to the stimulation may depend on rhythmic abilities, often deteriorating with the disease. Relatively spared abilities to track the beat favor a positive response to rhythmic cueing. On the other hand, most patients with poor rhythmic abilities either do not respond to the cues or experience gait worsening when walking with cues. An individualized approach to rhythmic auditory cueing with music is proposed to cope with this variability in patients’ response. This approach calls for using assistive mobile technologies capable of delivering cues that adapt in real time to patients’ gait kinematics, thus affording step synchronization to the beat. Individualized rhythmic cueing can provide a safe and cost‐effective alternative to standard cueing that patients may want to use in their everyday lives.
Neuroimaging, neuromodulation, and population health: the neuroscience of chronic disease prevention
Authors: Hall Peter A. , Bickel Warren K. , Erickson Kirk I. , Wagner Dylan D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPreventable chronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the majority of countries throughout the world, and this trend will continue for the foreseeable future. The potential to offset the social, economic, and personal burdens associated with such conditions depends on our ability to influence people's thought processes, decisions, and behaviors, all of which can be understood with reference to the brain itself. Within the health neuroscience framework, the brain can be viewed as a predictor, mediator, moderator, or outcome in relation to health‐related phenomena. This review explores examples of each of these, with specific reference to the primary prevention (i.e., prevention of initial onset) of chronic diseases. Within the topic of primary prevention, we touch on several cross‐cutting themes (persuasive communications, delay discounting of rewards, and self‐control), and place a special focus on obesity as a disorder influenced by both eating behavior and exercise habits.
Post‐weaning xenohormone intake affects adult rat submandibular gland in a sex‐dependent manner
Authors: Kouidhi Wided , Bergès Raymond , Drouin Gaêtan , Desmetz Catherine , Auger Jacques , El May Michèle , Canivenc‐Lavier Marie‐Chantal 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe previously reported that maternal exposure to genistein and vinclozolin, ingested alone or in combination, affects submandibular salivary glands of rat offspring. Here, we investigated the responsiveness of submandibular gland when such xenohormone exposure occurs later in life.Materials and MethodsChemicals were given orally to male and female Wistar rats (1 mg/kg body weight per day), from weaning to adulthood. Submandibular glands and plasma were collected at postnatal day 100 for histologic and molecular analysis.ResultsWhereas no effect was observed in females, increases in granular convoluted tubules area coupled with a modification of salivary secretions were found in male submandibular glands. Genistein and vinclozolin similarly increased the mRNA expression of Cystatin C, Mucin 10, Growth factors, and plasmatic EGF. Negative correlations were found between the expressions of androgen receptor and EGF (−0.34; p < 0.05), TGFα (−0.52; p < 0.01), Mucin 10 (−0.43; p < 0.05), and Cystatin C (−0.42; p < 0.05) as well as between progesterone receptor and EGF (−0.56; p < 0.01). The Spearman correlation test revealed also a positive correlation between salivary EGF‐mRNA expression and EGF in plasma (+0.32; p < 0.05).ConclusionOur findings confirm the sex‐dependent sensitivity of submandibular salivary glands to dietary xenohormones and underline the influence of the exposure period.
Causality from palaeontological time series
Authors: Hannisdal Bjarte , Liow Lee Hsiang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAs custodians of deep time, palaeontologists have an obligation to seek the causes and consequences of long‐term evolutionary trajectories and the processes of ecosystem assembly and collapse. Building explicit process models on the relevant scales can be fraught with difficulties, and causal inference is typically limited to patterns of association. In this review, we discuss some of the ways in which causal connections can be extracted from palaeontological time series and provide an overview of three recently developed analytical frameworks that have been applied to palaeontological questions, namely linear stochastic differential equations, convergent cross mapping and transfer entropy. We outline how these methods differ conceptually, and in practice, and point to available software and worked examples. We end by discussing why a paradigm of dynamical causality is needed to decipher the messages encrypted in palaeontological patterns.
Independent selection for seed free tryptophan content and vernalization response in chickpea domestication
Authors: van‐Oss Ruth P. , Gopher Avi , Kerem Zohar , Peleg Zvi , Lev‐Yadun Simcha , Sherman Amir , Zhang Hong‐Bin , Vandemark George , Coyne Clare J. , Reany Ofer , Abbo Shahal 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChickpea shows a distinct domestication trajectory vis‐a‐vis pod dehiscence and growth cycle mediated by vernalization insensitivity compared with its companion Near Eastern legumes. Our objectives were: (i) to map the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with vernalization response and seed free tryptophan in domesticated × wild chickpea progeny and (ii) estimate the genetic correlation between vernalization response and free tryptophan content. A domesticated × wild chickpea cross was used to document phenotypic segregation in both traits and to construct a skeletal genetic map for QTL detection. A number of vernalization response and seed free tryptophan content QTLs were documented in both F2 and F3 generations. No significant genetic correlation between these two traits was observed. Epistatic relationship between two free tryptophan loci was documented. It is evident that selection for high seed tryptophan is easier to accomplish relative to selection for vernalization insensitivity. This suggests that the two traits were selected independently in antiquity, thereby corroborating earlier claims for conscious selection processes associated with chickpea domestication.
Formalizing the Precautionary Principle Accounting for Strategic Interaction, Natural Factors, and Technological Factors
Authors: Hausken Kjell 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFour dimensions of the precautionary principle (PP), involving threat, uncertainty, action, and command, are formalized at the level of set theory and the level of individual players and natural and technological factors. Flow and decision diagrams with a feedback loop are developed to open up a new research agenda. The role of strategic interaction and games in the PP is underdeveloped or nonexistent in today's literature. To rectify this deficiency, six kinds of games are identified in the four PP dimensions. The games can be interlinked since player sets can overlap. Characteristics are illustrated. Accounting for strategic interaction, the article illustrates uncertainty in the PP regarding which game is played, which players participate in which game, strategy sets, payoffs, incomplete information, risk attitudes, and bounded rationality. The insurance and lottery games analyzed earlier for the safe minimum standard (SMS) for species extinction are revisited and placed into a broader context illustrating strategic interaction. Uncertainty about payoffs illustrates transformations back and forth between the chicken game, battle of the sexes, assurance game, and prisoner's dilemma.