bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individuality and habits in institutional economics
Authors: Spong Heath 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper a sophisticated conception of individuality is developed that extends beyond simple heterogeneity and is consistent with the approach of institutional economics. Studies of human biological and psychological development are used to illustrate the foundations of human individuality and the impact of the social environment on individual development. The link between the social environment and ongoing agential properties is established through the role of habits, which provide some continuity to individual personalities over time and assist them in navigating the social context they inhabit. Reflexivity is established via an agency-structure framework that endows individuals a changeable self-concept and an ability to interpret their relationship to the social context. The coordination of different individuals is explained not simply through reference to institutional structure, but also through the agent-level properties of shared habits. While reducing differences between individuals to one of degrees, shared habits are shown to be particularly important in the context of agent-sensitive institutions. Finally, the potential for different institutional experiences to impact the reflexivity of individuals is explored.
Dual-function radar–communications: information transmission during FDA radar listening mode
Authors: Al-Salehi Abdul Rahman , Qureshi Ijaz Mansoor , Malik Aqdas Naveed , Khan Wasim , Basit Abdul 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe investigate the frequency diverse array (FDA) for joint radar and communication systems. The basic idea is to use the transmitter/receiver modules of the radar system for communication purpose during listening mode as a secondary function. The radar will be performing its routine functions during the active mode as a primary function. An FDA at the transmitter side will be used to produce an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed signal, which is proposed for the communication system. The directivity of the radar antenna, FDA in this case, provides an additional advantage to mitigate the interferences other than the Direction of Interest (DoI). The proposed technique allows two beampatterns to be transmitted sequentially from the same FDA structure. Due to the communication signal transmission in the mainlobe of the second beampattern, the bit error rate achieved in the mainlobe is better than the existing techniques using the sidelobe transmission for communications. At the receiver, both incoming signals of radar and communication will share a different spatial angle. Simulation results indicate the novelty of the idea to suppress the interferences in terms of DoI. Furthermore, we analyzed the signal-to-interference ratio and Cramer–Rao lower bounds for angle and range estimation for the proposed technique.
Volcanoes Erupt Stressed Quartz Crystals
Authors: Befus K. S. , Manga M. , Stan C. , Tamura N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVolcanic eruptions are energetic events driven by the imbalance of magmatic forces. The magnitudes of these forces remain poorly constrained because they operate in regions that are inaccessible, either underground or dangerous to approach. New techniques are needed to quantify the processes that drive eruptions and to probe magma storage conditions. Here we present X‐ray microdiffraction measurements of volcanic stress imparted as lattice distortions to the crystal cargo of magma from Yellowstone and Long Valley eruptions. Elevated residual stresses between 100 and 300 MPa are preserved in erupted quartz. Multiple volcanic forces could be culpable for the deformation so we analyzed crystals from pyroclastic falls, pyroclastic density currents, and effusive lavas. Stresses are preserved in all quartz but cannot be attributed to differences in eruption style. Instead, lattice deformation likely preserves an in situ measurement of the deviatoric stresses required for the brittle failure of viscous, crystal‐bearing glass during ascent.
Solar Wind Proton Deceleration in Front of the Terrestrial Bow Shock
Authors: Urbář J. , Němeček Z. , Šafránková J. , Přech L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe terrestrial foreshock as a region permeated by different types of plasma waves, various particle populations, and strong wave activity is a subject of intensive investigations. Our statistical study of the solar wind proton velocity deceleration in the foreshock uses multipoint observations of the THEMIS mission and compare them with the Wind solar wind monitor with a motivation to estimate the factors influencing evolution/modification of the solar wind speed. In order to follow changes of the solar wind proton speed, our moment calculations do not include the reflected particles as well as heavier ions. We have found a systematic deceleration of the solar wind protons with a decreasing distance to the bow shock that is correlated with the flux of reflected and accelerated particles, with the level of magnetic field fluctuations in the ultralow frequency range, and with their compressibility. We can conclude that the reflected particles excite waves of large amplitudes and, as a consequence, modify median values of the velocity measured in an unperturbed solar wind. The deceleration is as high as 3% in front of the quasi‐parallel bow shock and decreases with the distance being observable up to 50 RE. We found similar effects in front of the Moon and attributed them to an influence of the solar wind ions reflected from the lunar surface.
An El Niño Mode in the Glacial Indian Ocean?
Authors: Thirumalai Kaustubh , DiNezio Pedro N. , Tierney Jessica E. , Puy Martin , Mohtadi Mahyar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDespite minor variations in sea surface temperature (SST) compared to other tropical regions, coupled ocean‐atmosphere dynamics in the Indian Ocean cause widespread drought, wildfires, and flooding. It is unclear whether changes in the Indian Ocean mean state can support stronger SST variability and climatic extremes. Here we focus on the Last Glacial Maximum (19,000–21,000 years before present) when background oceanic conditions could have been favorable for stronger variability. Using individual foraminiferal analyses and climate model simulations, we find that seasonal and interannual SST variations in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean were much larger during this glacial period relative to modern conditions. The increase in year‐to‐year variance is consistent with the emergence of an equatorial mode of climate variability, which strongly resembles the Pacific El Niño and is currently not active in the Indian Ocean.
Genetic predisposition to higher body fat yet lower cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents
Authors: Viitasalo Anna , Schnurr Theresia M. , Pitkänen Niina , Hollensted Mette , Nielsen Tenna R. H. , Pahkala Katja , Lintu Niina , Lind Mads V. , Atalay Mustafa , Frithioff-Bøjsøe Christine , Fonvig Cilius E. , Grarup Niels , Kähönen Mika , Larnkjaer Anni , Pedersen Oluf , Holm Jens-Christian , Michaelsen Kim F. , Lakka Timo A. , Lehtimäki Terho , Raitakari Olli , Hansen Torben , Kilpeläinen Tuomas O. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Most obese children show cardiometabolic impairments, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Yet some obese children retain a normal cardiometabolic profile. The mechanisms underlying this variability remain largely unknown. We examined whether genetic loci associated with increased insulin sensitivity and relatively higher fat storage on the hip than on the waist in adults are associated with a normal cardiometabolic profile despite higher adiposity in children.

Methods
We constructed a genetic score using variants previously linked to increased insulin sensitivity and/or decreased waist–hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and examined the associations of this genetic score with adiposity and cardiometabolic impairments in a meta-analysis of six cohorts, including 7391 European children aged 3–18 years.

Results
The genetic score was significantly associated with increased degree of obesity (higher BMI-SDS beta = 0.009 SD/allele, SE = 0.003, P = 0.003; higher body fat mass beta = 0.009, SE = 0.004, P = 0.031), yet improved body fat distribution (lower WHRadjBMI beta = −0.014 SD/allele, SE = 0.006, P = 0.016), and favorable concentrations of blood lipids (higher HDL cholesterol: beta = 0.010 SD/allele, SE = 0.003, P = 0.002; lower triglycerides: beta = −0.011 SD/allele, SE = 0.003, P = 0.001) adjusted for age, sex, and puberty. No differences were detected between prepubertal and pubertal/postpubertal children. The genetic score predicted a normal cardiometabolic profile, defined by the presence of normal glucose and lipid concentrations, among obese children (OR = 1.07 CI 95% 1.01–1.13, P = 0.012, n = 536).

Conclusions
Genetic predisposition to higher body fat yet lower cardiometabolic risk exerts its influence before puberty.
CXCL12 loaded-dermal filler captures CXCR4 expressing melanoma circulating tumor cells
Authors: Ieranò Caterina , D’Alterio Crescenzo , Giarra Simona , Napolitano Maria , Rea Giuseppina , Portella Luigi , Santagata Assunta , Trotta Anna Maria , Barbieri Antonio , Campani Virginia , Luciano Antonio , Arra Claudio , Anniciello Anna Maria , Botti Gerardo , Mayol Laura , De Rosa Giuseppe , Pacelli Roberto , Scala Stefania 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDevelopment of distant metastasis relies on interactions between cancer and stromal cells. CXCL12, also known as stromal-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α), is a major chemokine constitutively secreted in bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver and lung, playing a critical role in the migration and seeding of neoplastic cells. CXCL12 activates the CXCR4 receptor that is overexpressed in several human cancer cells. Recent evidence reveals that tumors induce pre-metastatic niches in target organ producing tumor-derived factors. Pre-metastatic niches represent a tumor growth-favoring microenvironment in absence of cancer cells. A commercially available dermal filler, hyaluronic acid (HA) -based gel, loaded with CXCL12 (CLG) reproduced a “fake” pre-metastatic niche. In vitro, B16-hCXCR4-GFP, human cxcr4 expressing murine melanoma cells efficiently migrated toward CLG. In vivo, CLGs and empty gels (EGs) were subcutaneously injected into C57BL/6 mice and 5 days later B16-hCXCR4-GFP cells were intravenously inoculated. CLGs were able to recruit a significantly higher number of B16-hCXCR4-GFP cells as compared to EGs, with reduced lung metastasis in mice carrying CLG. CLG were infiltrated by higher number of CD45-positive leukocytes, mainly neutrophils CD11b+Ly6G+ cells, myeloid CD11b+Ly6G- and macrophages F4/80. CLG recovered cells recapitulated the features of B16-hCXCR4-GFP (epithelial, melanin rich, MELAN A/ S100/ c-Kit/CXCR4 pos; α-SMA neg). Thus a HA-based dermal filler loaded with CXCL12 can attract and trap CXCR4+tumor cells. The CLG trapped cells can be recovered and biologically characterized. As a corollary, a reduction in CXCR4 dependent lung metastasis was detected.
Gram-scale total synthesis of teixobactin promoting binding mode study and discovery of more potent antibiotics
Authors: Zong Yu , Fang Fang , Meyer Kirsten J. , Wang Liguo , Ni Zhihao , Gao Hongying , Lewis Kim , Zhang Jingren , Rao Yu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTeixobactin represents a new class of antibiotics with novel structure and excellent activity against Gram-positive pathogens and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Herein, we report a one-pot reaction to conveniently construct the key building block l-allo-Enduracidine in 30-gram scale in just one hour  and a convergent strategy (3 + 2 + 6) to accomplish a gram-scale total synthesis of teixobactin. Several analogs are described, with 20 and 26 identified as the most efficacious analogs with 3~8-fold and 2~4-fold greater potency against vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus respectively in comparison with teixobactin. In addition, they show high efficiency in Streptococcus pneumoniae septicemia mouse model and neutropenic mouse thigh infection model using methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. We also propose that the antiparallel β-sheet of teixobactin is important for its bioactivity and an antiparallel dimer of teixobactin is the minimal binding unit for lipid II via key amino acids variations and molecular docking.
X chromosome genetic data in a Spanish children cohort, dataset description and analysis pipeline
Authors: Anguita-Ruiz Augusto , Plaza-Diaz Julio , Ruiz-Ojeda Francisco Javier , Rupérez Azahara I. , Leis Rosaura , Bueno Gloria , Gil-Campos Mercedes , Vázquez-Cobela Rocío , Cañete Ramón , Moreno Luis A. , Gil Ángel , Aguilera Concepción María 
Published: July 2019

AbstractX chromosome genetic variation has been proposed as a potential source of missing heritability for many complex diseases, including obesity. Currently, there is a lack of public available genetic datasets incorporating X chromosome genotype data. Although several X chromosome-specific statistics have been developed, there is also a lack of readily available implementations for routine analysis. Here, we aimed: (1) to make public and describe a dataset incorporating phenotype and X chromosome genotype data from a cohort of 915 normal-weight, overweight and obese children, and (2) to deeply describe a whole implementation of the special X chromosome analytic process in genetics. Datasets and pipelines like this are crucial to get familiar with the steps in which X chromosome requires special attention and may raise awareness of the importance of this genomic region.
Urinary volatile metabolites of amygdala-kindled mice reveal novel biomarkers associated with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Fujita Akiko , Ota Manami , Kato Keiko 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEpilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder affecting mammals, including humans. Uncontrolled epilepsy is associated with poor quality of life, accidents, and sudden death. In particular, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type of pharmacoresistant epilepsy, which easily gets out of control in human adults. The aim of this study was to profile urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a mouse model of TLE using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirteen urinary VOCs exhibited differential abundance between epileptic and control mice, and the corresponding areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were greater than 0.8. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on these 13 VOCs separated epileptic from sham operated-mice, suggesting that all these 13 VOCs are epilepsy biomarkers. Promax rotation and dendrogram analysis concordantly separated the 13 VOCs into three groups. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis extracted methanethiol; disulfide, dimethyl; and 2-butanone as predictors. Based on known metabolic systems, the results suggest that TLE induced by amygdala stimulation could affect both endogenous metabolites and the gut flora. Future work will elucidate the physiological meaning of the VOCs as end-products of metabolic networks and assess the impact of the metabolic background involved in development of TLE.
Comparison of Four Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Medicinal and Ornamental Meconopsis Species: Genome Organization and Species Discrimination
Authors: Li Xiaoxue , Tan Wei , Sun Jiqi , Du Junhua , Zheng Chenguang , Tian Xiaoxuan , Zheng Min , Xiang Beibei , Wang Yong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHigh-throughput sequencing of chloroplast genomes has been used to gain insight into the evolutionary relationships of plant species. In this study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genomes of four species in the Meconopsis genus: M. racemosa, M. integrifolia (Maxim.) Franch, M. horridula and M. punicea. These plants grow in the wild and are recognized as having important medicinal and ornamental applications. The sequencing results showed that the size of the Meconopsis chloroplast genome ranges from 151864 to 153816 bp. A total of 127 genes comprising 90 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes were observed in all four chloroplast genomes. Comparative analysis of the four chloroplast genomes revealed five hotspot regions (matK, rpoC2, petA, ndhF, and ycf1), which could potentially be used as unique molecular markers for species identification. In addition, the ycf1 gene may also be used as an effective molecular marker to distinguish Papaveraceae and determine the evolutionary relationships among plant species in the Papaveraceae family. Futhermore, these four genomes can provide valuable genetic information for other related studies.
Adaptive delivery of continuous and delayed feedback deep brain stimulation - a computational study
Authors: Popovych Oleksandr V. , Tass Peter A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) is a closed-loop method, where high-frequency DBS is turned on and off according to a feedback signal, whereas conventional high-frequency DBS (cDBS) is delivered permanently. Using a computational model of subthalamic nucleus and external globus pallidus, we extend the concept of adaptive stimulation by adaptively controlling not only continuous, but also demand-controlled stimulation. Apart from aDBS and cDBS, we consider continuous pulsatile linear delayed feedback stimulation (cpLDF), specifically designed to induce desynchronization. Additionally, we combine adaptive on-off delivery with continuous delayed feedback modulation by introducing adaptive pulsatile linear delayed feedback stimulation (apLDF), where cpLDF is turned on and off using pre-defined amplitude thresholds. By varying the stimulation parameters of cDBS, aDBS, cpLDF, and apLDF we obtain optimal parameter ranges. We reveal a simple relation between the thresholds of the local field potential (LFP) for aDBS and apLDF, the extent of the stimulation-induced desynchronization, and the integral stimulation time required. We find that aDBS and apLDF can be more efficient in suppressing abnormal synchronization than continuous simulation. However, apLDF still remains more efficient and also causes a stronger reduction of the LFP beta burst length. Hence, adaptive on-off delivery may further improve the intrinsically demand-controlled pLDF.
Establishment of hepatocellular carcinoma patient-derived xenografts from image-guided percutaneous biopsies
Authors: Tischfield David J. , Ackerman Daniel , Noji Michael , Chen James X. , Johnson Omar , Perkons Nicholas R. , Nadolski Gregory J. , Hunt Stephen J. , Soulen Michael C. , Furth Emma E. , Gade Terence P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhile patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been successfully generated from resected tissues, no reliable methods have been reported for the generation of PDXs from patients who are not candidates for resection and represent the vast majority of patients with HCC. Here we compare two methods for the creation of PDXs from HCC biopsies and find that implantation of whole biopsy samples without the addition of basement membrane matrix favors the formation of PDX tumors that resemble Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-driven B-cell lymphomas rather than HCC tumors. In contrast, implantation with Matrigel supports growth of HCC cells and leads to a high rate of HCC tumor formation from these biopsies. We validate the resulting PDXs, confirm their fidelity to the patients’ disease and conclude that minimally invasive percutaneous liver biopsies can be used with relatively high efficiency to generate PDXs of HCC.
Effect of antioxidants on BPA-induced stress on sperm function in a mouse model
Authors: Rahman Md Saidur , Kang Kyu-Ho , Arifuzzaman Sarder , Pang Won-Ki , Ryu Do-Yeal , Song Won-Hee , Park Yoo-Jin , Pang Myung-Geol 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the past few years, bisphenol A, (BPA) an endocrine-disrupting chemical, has received increasing attention because of its detrimental health effects. There is ample evidence to support that BPA interferes with the reproductive health of humans and animals. In spermatozoa, BPA-induced adverse effects are mostly caused by increased oxidative stress. Using anin vitroexperimental model, we examined whether antioxidants (glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E) have defensive effects against BPA-induced stress in spermatozoa. The results showed that antioxidants inhibit the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (basically cellular peroxides) and increase intracellular ATP levels, thereby preventing motility loss and abnormal acrosome reaction in BPA-exposed spermatozoa. In particular, glutathione and vitamin E reduced the protein kinase A-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation in spermatozoa and, thus, prevented the precocious acrosome reaction from occurring. Furthermore, we found that the compromised fertilisation and early embryo development mediated by BPA-exposed spermatozoa can be improved following their supplementation with glutathione and vitamin E. Based on these findings, we suggest that antioxidants reduce oxidative stress in BPA-exposed spermatozoa, thus preventing detrimental effects on their function and fertility.
TP73 is a credible biomarker for predicting clinical progression and prognosis in cervical cancer patients
Authors: Ye Hui , Guo Xia 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Tumor protein p73 (TP73) has been reported to be dysregulated in various types of human cancer and associated with clinical progression and outcome. Owing to the lack of reports on the correlation between TP73 protein expression and clinicopathologic features of cervical cancer, the aim of our research was to explore the clinical and prognostic significance of TP73 protein expression in cervical cancer patients. In our study, TP73 protein expression was detected by immunochemistry in 118 paraffin-embedded cervical cancer tissue specimens and 40 paraffin-embedded normal cervical epithelium tissue specimens. In the results, we found cervical cancer tissues exhibited high TP73 expression in comparison with normal cervical epithelium tissues, which was consistent with the expression status of TP73 in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationships between TP73 expression and clinicopathologic features through using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, and found high expression of TP73 was markedly associated with early clinical stage, less lymph node metastasis, absent distant metastasis, squamous cell carcinoma and favorable histological grade. The Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were performed based on the expression level of TP73 in a cervical cancer cohort from the TCGA database, and showed that TP73 expression was positively correlated with overall survival time in cervical cancer patients. Moreover, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model indicated that high TP73 expression was identified as an independent factor for predicting favorable overall survival in cervical cancer patients. In conclusion, TP73 expression is increased in cervical cancer tissues and cells, and acts as a credible biomarker for predicting favorable overall survival in cervical cancer patients.