bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An empirical model of carbon-ion relative biological effectiveness based on the linear correlation between radiosensitivity to photons and carbon ions
Authors: Flint David B , Bright Scott J , McFadden Conor , Konishi Teruaki , Martinus David K J , Manandhar Mandira , Ben Kacem Mariam , Bronk Lawrence , Sawakuchi Gabriel O 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. To develop an empirical model to predict carbon ion (C-ion) relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Approach. We used published cell survival data comprising 360 cell line/energy combinations to characterize the linear energy transfer (LET) dependence of cell radiosensitivity parameters describing the dose required to achieve a given survival level, e.g. 5% (D5%), which are linearly correlated between photon and C-ion radiations. Based on the LET response of the metrics D5% and D37%, we constructed a model containing four free parameters that predicts cells’ linear quadratic model (LQM) survival curve parameters for C-ions, α
C and β
C, from the reference LQM parameters for photons, αX
and βX
, for a given C-ion LET value. We fit our model’s free parameters to the training dataset and assessed its accuracy via leave-one out cross-validation. We further compared our model to the local effect model (LEM) and the microdosimetric kinetic model (MKM) by comparing its predictions against published predictions made with those models for clinically relevant LET values in the range of 23–107 keV μm−1. Main Results. Our model predicted C-ion RBE within ±7%–15% depending on cell line and dose which was comparable to LEM and MKM for the same conditions. Significance. Our model offers comparable accuracy to the LEM or MKM but requires fewer input parameters and is less computationally expensive and whose implementation is so simple we provide it coded into a spreadsheet. Thus, our model can serve as a pragmatic alternative to these mechanistic models in cases where cell-specific input parameters cannot be obtained, the models cannot be implemented, or for which their computational efficiency is paramount.
Triple-junction Dion–Jacobson perovskite tandem solar cells: advancing efficiency via interface optimization and broadened light absorption spectrum
Authors: Gohri Shivani , Madan Jaya , Pandey Rahul 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Dion–Jacobson (DJ) perovskites have emerged as game-changers in the world of photovoltaics (PVs) due to their unique combination of advantages like cost-effective fabrication, tailorable bandgap, and exceptional efficiency. Further, in this study, MXene contacts have been utilized with 2D-perovskites solar cells to leverage the advantages of both, leading to improved stability, superior charge transport, and adjustable energy bandgap without the occurrence of pinhole effects. To further tap into the immense potential of perovskites, this study explores the power of a triple-junction All DJ perovskite tandem solar cell (ADJT-PSC) architecture. This design captures a broader spectrum of sunlight, maximizing energy harvesting and unlocking new possibilities for PV devices. In this symphony of light and power, 1.5-pentamethylenediamine (PeDA) methylammonium lead iodide (PeDAMAPb2I7) (1.98 eV), PeDAMA5Pb6I19 (1.6 eV), CsLaTa2Se7 (1.1 eV) take as the absorber layers in the top, middle, and bottom subcells, respectively. Moreover, optimizing the thickness of each perovskite layer is crucial for maximizing efficiency. This study conducted a thorough analysis and identified the ideal 350 nm/550 nm/200 nm thicknesses for the top/middle/bottom layers, respectively. Furthermore, the study explored the art of doping variation in the electron and hole transport layers. By meticulously adjusting the doping levels, ADJT-PSC can achieve a maximum efficiency of 35%.
Preparation and properties of Cu2MgSnS4 thin films and fabrication of heterojunction devices
Authors: Aravind N , Roy Ronaldo , Kathir K , Jose Edwin , Santhosh Kumar M C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Copper-based chalcogenides have garnered growing importance in the area of thin film photovoltaics. Cu2MgSnS4 (CMTS) is one of the newest materials in this family of materials. It is a p-type material which finds multiple applications in the field of photovoltaics. CMTS thin films were deposited onto soda lime glass substrates using an automated vacuum spray pyrolysis technique at a substrate temperature of 300 °C and annealed at different temperatures, from 300 °C to 375 °C in steps of 25 °C. The structural, elemental, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of the material were studied. X-ray diffraction studies showed that annealing eliminates impurity phases and improves crystallinity. Field emission scanning electron microscopy studies showed improved grain size and uniform deposition of the films. The energy bandgap of the as-prepared film is 2.02 eV and that of the annealed films is around 2.5 eV. Hall measurements show that the material exhibits p-type conductivity with high values of conductivity, mobility and bulk concentration. Heterojunction devices were fabricated with a chemical bath deposited CdS as a buffer layer and spray deposited aluminium doped zinc oxide as an n-layer. Silver contacts were placed as electrodes over the top layer. The fabricated device architecture is <FTO/AZO/CdS/CMTS/Ag>. The junction parameters including rectification ratio, knee voltage, series resistance and ideality factor of all the devices are calculated. The device annealed at 375 °C showed an ideality factor of 2.23, which is the best among all the fabricated devices.
Row hammer-induced D0 failure improvement in sub-20 nm DRAM using an air gap
Authors: Yoon Jiyeong , Yoon Seokchan , Ahn Jinho , Shin Changhwan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As the density of bit cells increases, reliability issues in state-of-the-art dynamic random access memory (DRAM) become critical. Row hammer (RH) is a reliability issue in sub-20 nm DRAM products. This work proposes an air gap technique (i.e. placing an air gap beneath the passing wordline (PWL)), to suppress the RH in sub-20 nm DRAM. Using 3D TCAD simulations, the electric field and Shockley–Read–Hall recombination rate are investigated when the PWL is activated. When the PWL is deactivated, the leakage current towards the bitline is extracted to investigate the impact of the air gap on RH. It turns out that a low-k dielectric material in the air gap can effectively help to reduce the electric field intensity near the interface between shallow-trench-isolation (STI) and silicon. A relatively weak electric field can prevent the flow of electrons that causes read/write errors through trap-assisted recombination. By adopting the air gap in STI, an 82% improvement was estimated in terms of alleviating RH.
Development of surface-texturized black silicon through metal-assisted chemical etching and its application in the thermophotovoltaic field: a review and recommendation
Authors: Khairul Azri A A , Wan Muhamad Hatta S F , Abdul Wahab Y , Islam M A , Mekhilef S , Ker P J , Zuhdi A W M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Shockley–Queisser limit poses a significant challenge in solar technology research, limiting the theoretical efficiency to around 30%. Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems have emerged as a solution by incorporating a thermal absorber in traditional solar cell setups to achieve total efficiency beyond the limits. The efficiency of the overall system heavily depends on the performance and quality of the thermal absorber, which absorbs photons from the heat source and transfers them to the TPV cell. However, complex and expensive fabrication processes have hindered widespread adoption of TPV technology. The well-established metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) method could be the best choice to mitigate these as it is a cost-effective, scalable, and mass-production-friendly process, which is widely used for surface texturization, creating nanostructures like nanopores, pyramids, and nanowires. MACE technique is also suitable for producing highly efficient silicon-based thermal absorbers with over 90% absorption rate, which can contribute to increased total conversion efficiency. However, it does not come without challenges such as maintaining control over the etch rate in order to achieve uniformity. This paper comprehensively reviews the utilization of MACE for fabricating silicon-based thermal absorbers in TPV systems with the range of effective wavelengths of 600–2000 nm which corresponds to the energy level of 0.55–1.85 eV. The advantages and challenges of MACE, along with characterization techniques, are extensively discussed. By providing valuable insights, this paper aims to support researchers interested in advancing TPV technology.
Light-modulated 8-Pmmn borophene-based pure crossed Andreev reflection
Authors: Cheng Renxiang , Li Mengying , Wang Hong , Xu Yafang , Li Xing’ao , Zhou Xingfei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We investigate the off-resonant circularly polarized light-modulated crossed Andreev reflection (CAR) in an 8-Pmmn borophene-based normal conductor/superconductor/normal conductor junction. When the signs of Fermi energies in two normal regions are opposite, the pure CAR without the local Andreev reflection and the elastic cotunneling occurs. By using the Dirac–Bogoliubov–de Gennes equation and the Blonder–Tinkham–Klapwijk formula, the pure CAR conductance and its oscillation as a function of the junction length and the Fermi energy in the superconducting regions are discussed. It is found that the value of pure CAR conductance peak value and its corresponding value of light-induced gap increase with the increase of incident energy of electron. Furthermore, the valley splitting for the transmitted hole is found due to the presence of tilted velocity of borophene. Our findings are beneficial for designing the high efficiency 8-Pmmn borophene-based nonlocal transistor and nonlocal valley splitter without local and non-entangled processes.
The influence of experimental imperfections on photonic GHZ state generation
Authors: Wiesner Fabian , Chrzanowski Helen M , Pieplow Gregor , Schröder Tim , Pappa Anna , Wolters Janik 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
While the advantages of photonic quantum computing, including direct compatibility with communication, are apparent, several imperfections such as loss and distinguishability presently limit actual implementations. These imperfections are unlikely to be completely eliminated, and it is therefore beneficial to investigate which of these are the most dominant and what is achievable under their presence. In this work, we provide an in-depth investigation of the influence of photon loss, multi-photon terms and photon distinguishability on the generation of photonic 3-partite Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states via established fusion protocols. We simulate the generation process for spontaneous parametric down-conversion and solid-state-based single-photon sources using realistic parameters and show that different types of imperfections are dominant with respect to the fidelity and generation success probability. Our results indicate what are the dominant imperfections for the different photon sources and in which parameter regimes we can hope to implement photonic quantum computing in the near future.
Spatial magnetic force and magnetic energy density analysis of microsphere medium in high gradient magnetic fields: a 3D simulation
Authors: Yu Xuyan , Zhan Lei , Wang Xiubin , Wang Qian , Ku Jiangang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
High gradient magnetic separation technology is the key technology for green and efficient separation and purification of mineral resources. Existing studies are vague about the division of the attraction and repulsion zones of the medium, and there are fewer explorations of the effect of various conditions on the attraction zones. In this work, a novel method for calculating the magnetic force is derived, which provides an accurate calculation of the 3D magnetic force. The attraction and repulsion zones are divided clearly by analyzing the relationship between the spatial angle of the spherical medium and the magnetic force density per unit volume, with the magnetic force density per unit volume tangent to the spherical surface as the dividing line. The attraction and repulsion zones are divided by β = 30°∼35°, and the attraction region accounts for 45%∼50% of the total space volume. Furthermore, the influence of different conditions on the attraction zone is studied. It was found that the zone of attraction decreases as one moves away from the spherical medium, which results in an ellipsoid with the effective zone of attraction of the spherical medium having the magnetic field direction as its long axis. The attraction region increases from 45.49% to 49.87% of the space occupied with increasing the relative permeability of the spherical medium. It does not affect the proportion of the attraction zone in space by changing the background magnetic field and the size of the spherical medium, but it will change the depth of the magnetic force. It provides a theoretical basis for the design of high-efficiency magnetic media, and gives a reference for further improving the selection effect of high gradient magnetic separation technology on fine and weak magnetic particles.
Influence of polymer solution parameters on optical fiber Fabry-Perot polymer cavities
Authors: Kaushal Karvan , Das Bhargab 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Optical fiber polymer-based Fabry–Perot sensors are frequently used to detect and quantify various physical and chemical properties. They have found significant applications in environmental monitoring, human health care, and industrial sectors. The formation of an FP cavity on the fiber end facet serves as a sensing structure for analyzing the interaction with an analyte, ultimately determining the sensor’s performance. However, the sensitivity of the sensor is directly impacted by the thickness of the FP cavity, and ensuring consistent thickness is crucial for obtaining reproducible results. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to evaluate and establish a technique that can effectively generate a repeatable cavity on the end facet of a fiber. A simulation model is created and studies are conducted to examine the influence of polymer solution characteristics on the cavity fabrication. The experimental work involved creating polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer cavities by varying the polymer solution viscosity and examining the fluctuations in the free spectral range as well as cavity thickness. The suitability of this approach has also been assessed on a range of other polymers. The simulation and experimental results indicate that it is possible to achieve a repeatable coating thickness on the end facet of fiber, irrespective of the polymer used, by suitably controlling the solution characteristics. The findings of the study will greatly advance the fabrication of polymer-based fiber FP cavity sensors used in a diverse range of applications.
Corrected thermodynamics and stability of magnetic charged AdS black holes surrounded by quintessence
Authors: Gogoi Dhruba Jyoti , Sekhmani Yassine , Bora Shyamalee , Rayimbaev Javlon , Bora Jyatsnasree , Myrzakulov Ratbay 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, we explore the corrected thermodynamics of non-linear magnetic charged anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes surrounded by quintessence, incorporating thermal fluctuations and deriving the corrected thermodynamic potentials. We analyze the effects of corrections due to thermal fluctuations on various thermodynamic potentials, including enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy. Our results show significant impacts on smaller black holes, with first-order corrections destabilizing them, while second-order corrections enhance stability with increasing parameter values. The specific heat analysis further elucidates the stability criteria, indicating that the large black holes ensure stability against phase transitions. However, the thermal fluctuations do not affect the physical limitation points as well as the second-order phase transition points of the black hole. Our findings highlight the intricate role of thermal fluctuations in black hole thermodynamics and their influence on stability, providing deeper insights into the behaviour of black holes under corrected thermodynamic conditions.
Cosmic topology. Part IIIa. Microwave background parity violation without parity-violating microphysics
Authors: Samandar Amirhossein , Duque Javier Carrón , Copi Craig J. , Barandiaran Mikel Martin , Mihaylov Deyan P. , Pereira Thiago S. , Starkman Glenn D. , Akrami Yashar , Anselmi Stefano , Cornet-Gomez Fernando , Eskilt Johannes R. , Jaffe Andrew H. , Kosowsky Arthur , Tamosiunas Andrius ,   The COMPACT collaboration
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The standard cosmological model, which assumes statistical isotropy and parity invariance, predicts the absence of correlations between even-parity and odd-parity observables of the cosmic microwave background (CMB).
Contrary to these predictions, large-angle CMB temperature anomalies generically involve correlations between even-ℓ and odd-ℓ angular power spectrum C

ℓ
, while recent analyses of CMB polarization have revealed non-zero equal-ℓ
EB correlations.
These findings challenge the conventional understanding, suggesting deviations from statistical isotropy, violations of parity, or both.
Cosmic topology, which involves changing only the boundary conditions of space relative to standard cosmology, offers a compelling framework to potentially account for such parity-violating observations.
Topology inherently breaks statistical isotropy, and can also break homogeneity and parity, providing a natural paradigm for explaining observations of parity-breaking observables without the need to add parity violation to the underlying microphysics.
Our investigation delves into the harmonic space implications of topology for CMB correlations, using as an illustrative example EB correlations generated by tensor perturbations under both parity-preserving and parity-violating scenarios.
Consequently, these findings not only challenge the foundational assumptions of the standard cosmological model but also open new avenues for exploring the topological structure of the Universe through CMB observations.
The power spectrum of luminosity distance fluctuations in General Relativity
Authors: Pantiri Mattia , Foglieni Matteo , Dio Enea Di , Castorina Emanuele 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
At low redshift, it is possible to combine spectroscopic information of galaxies with
their luminosity or angular diameter distance to directly measure the projection of peculiar
velocities (PV) along the line-of-sight. A PV survey probing a large fraction of the sky is
subject to so-called wide-angle effects, arising from the variation of the line-of-sight across
the sky, and other sub-leading projection effects due to the propagation of the photons in a
perturbed cosmological background. In this work, for the first time, we provide a complete
description, within linear theory and General Relativity, of the power spectrum of luminosity
distance fluctuations, clarifying its relation to the observables in a PV survey. We find that
wide-angle effects will be detected at high significance by future observations and will have to
be included in the cosmological analysis. Other relativistic projections effects could also be
detected provided accurate, per object, distances are available.
The LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey of Supergiants in M31 and M33
Authors: Wu Hao , Huang Yang , Zhang Huawei , Yuan Haibo , Huo Zhiying , Liu Cheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present systematic identifications of supergiants in M31/M33 based on the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) spectroscopic survey. Radial velocities of nearly 5000 photometrically selected M31/M33 supergiant candidates have been properly derived from the qualified spectra released in LAMOST DR10. By comparing their radial velocities with those predicted from the rotation curve of M31, as well as utilizing Gaia astrometric measurements to exclude foreground contaminations, 199 supergiant members in M31, including 168 “Rank1” and 31 “Rank2,” have been successfully identified. This sample contains 62 blue supergiants (BSGs, all “Rank1”), 134 yellow supergiants (YSGs, 103 “Rank1” and 31 “Rank2”) and three red supergiants (RSGs, all “Rank1”). For M33, we identify 84 supergiant members (56 “Rank1” and 28 “Rank2”), which include 28 BSGs (all “Rank1”), 53 YSGs (25 “Rank1” and 28 “Rank2”) and three RSGs (all “Rank1”). So far, this is one of the largest supergiant samples of M31/M33 with full optical wavelength coverage (3700 < λ < 9100 Å). This sample is valuable for understanding star formation and stellar evolution under different environments.
JWST Observations Constrain the Time Evolution of Fine Structure Constants and Dark Energy-electromagnetic Coupling
Authors: Wang Ze-Fan , Lei Lei , Feng Lei , Fan Yi-Zhong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It was hypothesized in the literature that some physical parameters may be time-evolving and the astrophysical data can serve as a probe. Recently, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) released its early observations. In this work, we select the JWST spectroscopic observations of the high redshift (z > 7.1) galaxies with strong [O iii] (λ = 4959 Å and 5007 Å in the rest frame) emission lines to constraint the evolution of the fine structure constant (α). With the spectra from two galaxies at redshifts of 7.19 and 8.47, the deviation of α from its fiducial value is found to be as small as

0.44

−
8.3
−
1.7

+
8.4
+
1.7

×

10

−
4

and

−

10.0

−
18
−
1.5

+
18
+
1.5

×

10

−
4

, respectively (the first error is statistical and the latter is systematic). The combination of our results with the previous data reveals that

1

α

d
α

dt

=

0.30

−
4.5

+
4.5

×

10

−
17

yr

−
1

. Clearly, there is no evidence for a cosmic evolution of α. The prospect of further constraining the time evolution of α is also discussed. The scalar field of dark energy is hypothesized to drive the acceleration of the universe’s expansion through an interaction with the electromagnetic field. By integrating the observational data of the fine-structure constant variation,

Δ
α

α

(
z
)

, we have established a stringent upper limit on the coupling strength between dark energy and electromagnetism. Our analysis yields ζ ≤ 3.92 × 10−7 at the 95% confidence level, representing the most stringent bound to date.
Prediction of Hydrate Formation in Supercritical CO2 Containing Impurities Long-Distance Transportation Pipelines with a Capacity of 0.36 Million t/a
Authors: Tang Chunli , Chen Bing , Qi Wenjiao , Zhao Qiong , Wang Xiangzeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Long-distance pipeline transportation is the most economical and feasible way to transport CO2. Hydrates can easily form during the transportation of supercritical CO2 containing impurities, leading to pipeline blockage. Therefore, accurate prediction of the deposition location and amount of hydrates in pipelines is crucial. This paper established a prediction model for hydrate growth in the long-distance CO2 transportation pipeline containing impurities. The phase equilibrium diagram and kinetic growth model were combined to simulate the formation behaviour of CO2 hydrate. The long-distance CO2 transportation pipeline of 0.36 million t/a in Yunlin was taken as an example. The results show that the volume of CO2 hydrate increased whereas the growth rate of CO2 hydrate gradually decreased with time. Hydrates begin to form in pipeline L11 at a distance of 35-44.3 km away from the inlet, whereas at a distance of 8.1 km away from the inlet for pipeline L12. The places with the highest amount of hydrate formation in both of the pipelines were at the end of pipelines. The area for hydrates formation in pipeline L12 was much longer than that in pipeline L11 due to the lower temperature. The cleaning cycle for pipeline L12 should be much shorter than that of pipeline L11. This paper will provide guidance for the operation of CO2 long distance pipelines.