bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Preparation of Polymerizable Deep Eutectic Solvents Under Mild Conditions for Multisensory Ionic Skins
Authors: Pi Menghan , Wu Honglin , Li Wenhao , Shen Huanwei , Li Min , Cui Wei , Ran Rong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPolymerizable deep eutectic solvents (PDESs) have emerged as promising building blocks for next‐generation eutectic gels, offering new opportunities for the development of advanced electronic devices. Traditional PDES fabrication typically involves heating and extended processing time. In this study, a facile method where a solid‐solid mixture of lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (LiTFSI) and acrylamide (AAm) rapidly forms a PDES at room temperature, significantly simplifying the ionogel preparation is presented. By combining this PDES with another system, comprising 3‐[dimethyl‐[2‐(2‐methylprop‐2‐enoyloxy)ethyl]azaniumyl]propane‐1‐sulfonate (SBMA) and ethylene glycol (EG), an eutectic gel is successfully fabricated with exceptional mechanical and conductive properties. This gel exhibits a fracture stress of 0.8 MPa, fracture energy of 3.7 kJ m−2, adhesion strength of 60 kPa, transmittance over 90%, high conductivity (0.113 S m−1), and an outstanding temperature tolerance ranged from ‐50 to 50 °C. Notably, the absence of chemical crosslinkers and the presence of reversible interactions such as hydrogen bonding and ion‐dipole electrostatic forces impart excellent self‐healing capabilities. These combined features position the gel a promising candidate for multisensory ionic skins, capable of detecting pressure, temperature, humidity, and sweat. This work pioneers the rapid, mild‐condition synthesis of PDESs, paving the way for new techniques in ionic skin development.
Use of prenatal ultrasound findings to predict postnatal outcome in fetuses with lower urinary tract obstruction
Authors: Richter J. , Shinar S. , Erdman L. , Good H. , Kim J. K. , Dos Santos J. , Khondker A. , Chua M. , Van Mieghem T. , Lorenzo A. J. , Rickard M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveLower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) is a chronic condition with a spectrum of outcomes. It is usually suspected prenatally based on ultrasound features (USFs). Given the unknown postnatal trajectory and the potential for significant morbidity and mortality, many families choose termination of pregnancy (TOP), often based on USFs alone. Herein, we sought to develop a tool that can be used to predict postnatal outcome based on combinations of USFs, which can aid prenatal counseling and parental decision‐making.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of cases with suspected fetal LUTO that were seen at a high‐risk fetal center and a tertiary pediatric center in Canada. Data were collected on USFs, prenatal/postnatal death and postnatal need for transplantation and/or dialysis. USFs from pregnancies with a gestational age of 13–26 weeks on initial ultrasound at the high‐risk fetal center that underwent TOP were collected and matched to fetuses with comparable prenatal USFs that were not terminated, which had a known postnatal outcome, to build a random forest model. The random forest model was fitted for each outcome (death, dialysis or transplantation) and tested for accuracy using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. Each predictor was assessed independently with combined importance when accounting for other predictors. The model was used to predict the most likely postnatal outcomes for cases of TOP had the pregnancy been continued.ResultsUSF data from 85 cases of TOP and 125 cases of expectantly managed pregnancy with prenatally suspected LUTO were retrieved. For expectantly managed cases, there was a median follow‐up duration of 5.7 (interquartile range, 0.2–14.5) years among the liveborn infants. There were 14 prenatal and 22 postnatal deaths in the expectantly managed cohort. The random forest model demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy for transplantation (77% accuracy, 50% sensitivity, 80% specificity), followed by death (72% accuracy, 83% sensitivity, 67% specificity) and dialysis (71% accuracy, 70% sensitivity, 71% specificity). For the TOP cohort, had the pregnancies been continued, the model predicted transplantation and dialysis in 21/85 (25%) and 37/85 (44%) cases, respectively; pre‐ or postnatal death was predicted in 69/85 (81%) cases.ConclusionsOur data suggest that it is possible to predict death and postnatal transplantation and/or dialysis from USFs in fetuses with suspected LUTO with acceptable accuracy. Predictive accuracy will improve with continued follow‐up of more patients, enabling more personalized prenatal counseling and more informed decision‐making for families. © 2024 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Outcomes of 584 cattle caesarean sections performed in a UK first opinion practice
Authors: Giles Lucy , Bain Charlotte , Nabb Elizabeth 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective cohort study evaluated 584 cattle caesarean sections (C‐sections) performed at a first opinion practice in Southwest England between 2015 and 2021.MethodsOutcomes were recorded contemporaneously, and procedures were followed up after 14 days.ResultsThirty‐one dams died within 14 days of undergoing a C‐section (94.7% survival rate). Dam parity and purpose did not significantly impact mortality. Dams were at 2.7 times greater odds of dying within 14 days if they delivered a stillborn calf (p < 0.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20‒6.13), and at 2.9 times greater odds of dying within 14 days if they were recumbent for some, or all, of the C‐section (p < 0.05, 95% CI = 1.02‒8.2). Among the 428 procedures where calf outcomes were recorded, 32.9% (n = 141) were stillborn, reflecting previous studies reporting perinatal mortality. Uterine torsion was anecdotally listed as the reason for operating in 34 cases, and 58.1% (n = 18) of these C‐sections resulted in a dead calf.LimitationsDespite the large number of cases studied, all C‐sections were carried out by a single veterinary practice. Individual operator(s) and farms were not recorded and could be undetected confounding variables.ConclusionThis study's results provide much needed relevant benchmarking for completing in‐house practice audit cycles, ensuring improved clinical governance and outcomes.
Preparation of bio‐based polyamide 56/chitosan heavy metal adsorbing nanocomposite fibers by electrospinning
Authors: Xu Yuhan , Wang Jinheng , Zhang Chenyan , Wang Jikui , Guo Weihong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectrospinning technology can produce nanofibers with extremely high specific surface area. Bio‐based polyamide 56 (PA56) was combined with chitosan (CS) to prepare PA56/CS composite nanofibers. An in vitro mineralization experiment was conducted to obtain a super hydrophilic composite fiber (PA56/CS‐HAP) with hydroxyapatite deposited on the surface. The adsorption performance of the composite fiber (PA56/CS‐HAP) was evaluated by the adsorbent dosage, solution pH value, and adsorption kinetics. The curves obtained after fitting the kinetics and adsorption isotherms show that the adsorption behavior under pH = 6 is more consistent with the Langmuir adsorption model. The adsorption capacity in a 100 mg L−1 Pb2+ environment is more than 5 times that of 10 mg L−1. Bio‐based PA56/CS static‐spun nanocomposite fibers prepared by in vitro mineralization have great potential in environmental protection, sensors, chemical engineering, and other fields.Highlights
PA/CS fibers were prepared by electrospinning.
Hydroxyapatite was deposited by in vitro mineralization technique.
PA/CS‐HAP fiber achieves super hydrophilic effect.
The adsorption capacity of PA/CS‐HAP in 100 mg L−1 Pb(II) reached 27.5 mg g−1.
After fitting, the adsorption process is consistent with Langmuir adsorption.
Asymptotic analysis of a coupled ODE‐PDE system arising from heterogeneous diffusion‐reaction kinetics
Authors: Beneš Michal , Eden Michael , Muntean Adrian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis contribution is concerned with the well‐posedness and homogenization of an ordinary differential equation (ODE) of Arrhenius‐type coupled with a doubly nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) with rapidly oscillating coefficients and taking into account disparate diffusion‐reaction time scales, including regularly as well as singularly perturbed problems. The ODE‐PDE system is spatially dependent and is subjected to Robin‐type boundary conditions. Such problems are used to model a variety of processes and phenomena such as combustion and exothermal chemical reactions. We will have a special look at the questions of the existence, uniqueness, boundedness, and the asymptotic limit of the microscale problem by applying the two‐scale convergence and unfolding method. A numerical example illustrates both the expected behavior of the approximated solutions as well as the capability of the proposed upscaled models.
Vitamin D deficiency in hip fracture patients is associated with an increased mortality risk
Authors: Bayram John M. , Kanesan Hariprasath , Clement Nicholas D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aims were to assess whether vitamin D deficiency influenced mortality risk and length of acute hospital stay in patients presenting with a hip fracture.

Methods
A retrospective study was undertaken including all patients aged over 50 years that were admitted with a hip fracture to a single centre during a 24-month period. Serum vitamin D levels on admission, patient demographics, perioperative variables and mortality were collected. Cox regression analysis was utilised to determine the independent association between serum vitamin D levels and patient mortality.

Results
The cohort consisted of 1510 patients with a mean age of 81.3 years and 1107 (71.4%) were female. 876 (58.0%) were vitamin D deficient (< 50 nmol/l). The median follow up was 405 (IQR 249 to 610) days. During follow-up there were 464 deaths (30.7%). Vitamin D deficiency was independently associated with higher mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 1.53, P = 0.022). Male sex (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.01, P < 0.001) was also associated with a higher mortality risk. Vitamin D deficiency was not associated with length of hospital stay (median difference 0 days, P = 0.207).

Conclusion
Vitamin D deficiency was independently associated with increased mortality in hip fracture patients, though this finding may be influenced by lack of comprehensive adjustment for comorbidity. While the value of routine serum vitamin D measurement is debated, supplementation during hospital stays is important to reduce falls and fracture risks associated with deficiency.
Taxonomy, systematics and conservation of the highly threatened and endemic Mexican genus Tridimeris (Annonaceae)
Authors: Ortiz-Rodriguez Andrés Ernesto , Nge Francis J. , Rodrigues-Vaz Carlos , Soulé Vincent , Schatz George E. , Martínez-Velarde María Fernanda , Hurtado-Reveles Leopoldo , Rangel-Olguin Moises , Couvreur Thomas L. P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTridimeris is the only genus of Annonaceae endemic to Mexico, and since its description more than 150 years ago, the genus has been largely ignored. Here, based on herbarium specimens and a comprehensive phylogenomic study involving hundreds of nuclear markers, the first taxonomic revision of the genus Tridimeris (Annonaceae, Malmeioideae, subtribe Sapranthinae) is presented. Ten species are recognized, six of which are newly described here. All the species are exclusively found in Mexico's most humid forests, particularly in the montane cloud forest and the tropical rainforest. The genus Tridimeris is morphologically distinguished from other neotropical genera of the Annonaceae by its leaves with pocket domatia present in the axils of the secondary veins, by its dimerous flowers (two sepals and four petals), basally fused sepals with ciliated margins, by a reduced number of carpels per flower (1–5) and by its large and fleshy fruits (monocarps) with numerous seeds. A highly resolved phylogenetic hypothesis provides strong support for the relationships among Tridimeris species, forming two well-supported clades. Consequently, two new sections are proposed, namely Tridimeris sect. Tridimeris and Tridimeris sect. Zoque. A detailed description of the morphology of the genus is presented, including the description of the pollen, domatia and its phylogenetic relationships. Taxonomic treatments of the species include synonyms, geographic and ecological notes, comparisons with similar species and a preliminary assessment of their conservation status. All species of the genus are potentially threatened with extinction and eight are assessed as Critically Endangered, which makes it the most threatened lineage of Mexican trees. This study emphasizes the importance of scientific collections as invaluable sources of data for current taxonomic revisions and conservation. It is a formal invitation to preserve and support the basic scientific research.
Technology adoption performance evaluation applied to testing industrial REST APIs
Authors: Poth Alexander , Rrjolli Olsi , Arcuri Andrea 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTesting is an important task within software development. To write test cases and integrate them into an automated test suite requires a significant amount of work. Given a set of requirements and specifications of a software, testing is needed to verify its correctness. When done manually, it is an expensive and error prone task. To facilitate such work, automated test-case generation via tools could be useful. Test-case generation can be facilitated by deterministic algorithm-driven approaches or non-deterministic approaches such as with AI (e.g., evolutionary and LLM). The different approaches come with their strengths and weaknesses, which must be considered when integrating these approaches into a product test procedure in industry. Several novel testing techniques and tools have been developed in academia and industry, but how effective they are and how to integrate them in real-world large industrial scenarios is still unclear. In this paper, a systematic approach is presented to evaluate test-case generation methodologies and integrate them into a scalable enterprise setup. The specific context is black-box testing of REST APIs, based on their OpenAPI schemas. The aim is to facilitate IT product development and service delivery. The proposed Technology Adoption Performance Evaluation (TAPE) approach is evaluated by a case study within the Group IT of Volkswagen AG. We evaluated existing tools such as OpenAPI Generator, EvoMaster and StarCoder which are built on different technologies. Our results show that these tools are of benefit for test engineers to facilitate test-case specification and design within the Group IT of Volkswagen AG.
Artemia selective grazing: survival value and nutritional intake
Authors: Belovsky Gary E. , Stumpf Andrea C. , Girgis Madeleine C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Grazing experiments were conducted for the zooplankton Artemia franciscana on three of its most common Great Salt Lake (Utah: USA) phytoplankton species (> 80–90% of phytoplankton biovolume: a chlorophyte, Dunaliella viridis; a cyanobacterium, Euhalothece sp., and a bacillariophyte, the pennate diatom Nitzschia epithemioides). For each Artemia developmental stage (nauplii, juveniles and adults), grazing rates (same phytoplankton abundances, temperatures, and salinities) are reported along with grazing preferences for the phytoplankton species in mixes of species pairs and all three species together. Each Artemia developmental stage exhibited different preferences for the phytoplankton species. Preferences measured for each species pair were consistent with preferences when all three species were together and were correlated with the phytoplankton’s survival value for each Artemia developmental stage. Survival values were positively related to the ingestion rate for each phytoplankton species (biovolume/individual/h), likely a function of cell size, and its nutritional quality treated as a function of phytoplankton N:P relative to Artemia developmental stage N:P.
Amplitude death in ring-coupled network with asymmetric thermoacoustic oscillators and nonlocal time-delay interactions
Authors: Zheng Liheng , Liao Yu , Kim Kyu Tae , Zhou Jie , Guan Yu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis numerical study examines the pressure amplitude distribution, focusing on amplitude death, in a ring-coupled network of nonlocally coupled asymmetric thermoacoustic oscillators. Each decoupled self-excited thermoacoustic oscillator is modeled using the classical Rijke tube model. We investigate three configurations with asymmetric thermoacoustic oscillators: localized asymmetry, side-by-side asymmetry, and alternating asymmetry. Asymmetries are introduced through frequency detuning and heater power mismatching. Our study reveals that the configuration with alternating asymmetry induces the largest region of amplitude death compared to the other two configurations, where all originally self-excited oscillators become quenched in the network. The remaining energy of oscillations often concentrates at the two ends of the axis of symmetry. The region of amplitude death generally increases with the number of thermoacoustic oscillators and remains unchanged when the number of oscillators is sufficiently large (n = 8). The variation of the global average pressure amplitude predicted by the proposed model qualitatively agrees with previous experimental observations. In summary, we conclude: (1) reduced-order models developed from a dynamical system approach can provide a qualitative prediction of the system’s pressure amplitude distribution, potentially offering useful information for avoiding operating parameters that lead to high-amplitude thermoacoustic oscillations in multi-combustor systems; and (2) introducing asymmetries into a ring-coupled network can potentially be leveraged to weaken self-excited oscillations in multi-combustor systems globally.
Separation of Plasma Species for Investigating the Impact of Hydrogen Plasmas on the Work Function of Caesiated Surfaces
Authors: Heiler A. , Friedl R. , Fantz U. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn negative hydrogen ion sources in situ adsorption of Cs is typically used to generate low work function converter surfaces. The achievement of a temporally stable low work function coating is, however, challenging due to the hydrogen plasma interaction with the surface. Particularly in ion sources for neutral beam injection systems for fusion with pulse durations of minutes to hours temporal instabilities are a major issue and limit the source performance. To clarify the influence of the hydrogen plasma on the converter surface, investigations are performed at an experiment equipped with an absolute work function diagnostic based on the photoelectric effect. Caesiated surfaces are exposed to the full plasma impact by the generation of plasmas in front of the surface as well as to selected plasma species (H atoms, positive ions and VUV/UV photons) from an external plasma source to identify driving mechanisms that lead to surface changes. Depending on the exposure time and initial surface condition, the plasma strongly affects the surface in terms of work function and quantum efficiency (QE). For degraded Cs layers (work function $$\ge 3$$

≥
3

eV) a favorable increase in QE and reduction in work function can be achieved, while for Cs layers with an ultra-low work function of $$1.2-1.3$$

1.2
-
1.3

eV the opposite is true. It is found that each plasma species can influence the Cs layers and that VUV photons lead to a work function increase of ultra-low work function layers. For sufficiently high VUV fluences a severe work function increase by 0.5 eV is given, highlighting the relevance of photochemical processes in the plasma-surface interaction and demonstrating that ultra-low work function layers are not stable in a hydrogen plasma environment.
How Should We Distribute Education in Property-Owning Democracy and Liberal Socialism?
Authors: Magni-Berton Raul , Merrill Roberto 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWelfare capitalism is going through a deep crisis, and alternative models to welfare state capitalism such as liberal socialism and property-owning democracy are once again becoming prominent in public debates. The aim in this article is to compare the merits and the limits of liberal socialism and of property-owning democracy through the specific case of the distribution of educational capital, by comparing two educational systems: the Pay It Forward (PIF) system and the Tax-subsidy scheme (TS) system. Based on the analysis of these two educational systems, we provide three arguments in favor of liberal socialist institutions in general and the PIF educational system in particular: (1) the individual common assets argument, (2) the principle of reciprocity argument, and (3) the predistribution argument.
Establishment of primary and immortalized fibroblasts reveals resistance to cytotoxic agents and loss of necroptosis-inducing ability in long-lived Damaraland mole-rats
Authors: Suzuki Yusuke , Yamaguchi Kanta , Hardell Kaitlyn N. Lewis , Ota Kurumi , Kamikado Taira , Kawamura Yoshimi , Buffenstein Rochelle , Oka Kaori , Miura Kyoko 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Damaraland mole-rat (DMR; Fukomys damarensis) is a long-lived (~ 20 years) Bathyergid rodent that diverged 26 million years ago from its close relative, the naked mole-rat (NMR). While the properties of NMR cultured fibroblasts have been extensively studied and have revealed several unusual features of this cancer-resistant, long-lived species, comparative DMR studies are extremely limited. We optimized conditions for successfully culturing primary DMR skin fibroblasts and also established immortalized DMR cells using simian virus 40 early region expression. Like NMRs, DMR fibroblasts are more resistant than mice to various cytotoxins including heavy metals, DNA-damaging agents, oxidative stressors, and proteasome inhibitors. DMR genome sequencing analyses revealed the presence of premature stop codons in the master regulator genes of necroptosis, an inflammatory programmed cell death—receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), although these mutations have different locations to those found in the NMR. DMR cells, like NMR cells, did not show significantly increased cell death in response to necroptosis induction. Our data suggest that both Bathyergid species require species-specific cell culture conditions for optimized growth, display similar resistance to cytotoxins, and show loss-of-function mutations abrogating the ability to employ necroptosis. These shared traits may contribute to their evolved adaptations to their subterranean lifestyle and prolonged longevity. These convergent insights and valuable resource may be pertinent to biomedical research.