bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Coupled Dynamic and Thermodynamic Processes for Secondary Eyewall Formation
Authors: Wang Xingbao , Li Qinglan , Davidson Noel E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUsing a previously documented successful simulation of secondary eyewall formation (SEF), the coupled dynamic and thermodynamic processes during SEF are investigated from an axisymmetric mean perspective. The budgets of momentum, density potential temperature, and radial pressure gradient force (PGF) with very small residuals reveal that rather than a single process dominating, the SEF is the consequence of tight coupling processes between the hurricane tangential wind, transverse circulation, diabatic heating, mean and eddy fluxes of momentum and heat, and the hurricane boundary layer. The collective actions of these coupling processes generate the following conditions for the SEF: (i) along with slow eyewall contraction, the azimuthal‐mean tangential wind increases on the inner side of the eyewall; (ii) while the regions in the eye and beyond the eyewall are warming, a lesser warming or cooling zone sandwiched between these two warming regions appears near the axis of maximum vertical velocity; (iii) low‐level pressure decreases (increases) with the column‐integrated warming (cooling); the increment in the PGF beyond the eyewall brings about a significant low‐level radial and tangential wind increment at SEF radii, and (iv) the hurricane boundary layer radial flow corresponding to the PGF increment enhances the convergence of moisture and angular momentum within the SEF radii. Eventually, these processes result in the SEF.
Tracing the Impact of Coastal Water Geochemistry on the Re‐Os Systematics of Macroalgae: Insights From the Basaltic Terrain of Iceland
Authors: Sproson Adam D. , Selby David , Gannoun Abdelmouchine , Burton Kevin W. , Dellinger Mathieu , Lloyd Jeremy M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study presents rhenium (Re) and osmium (Os) elemental and isotope data for macroalgae, dissolved load, and bed load from Icelandic coastal and/or river waters, an environment adjacent to predominantly basaltic terrains, ranging in age from historic to ~12 Ma. Both the Re (0.1 to 88.4 ppb) and Os (3.3 to 254.5 ppt) abundance in macroalgae are shown to be primarily controlled by uptake from the dissolved load of local seawater and are largely dependent on the relative influence of local freshwater inputs. Incorporation of Re and Os into macroalgae appears to be complicated by additional Re and Os uptake from the bed load. The 187Os/188Os (0.16 to 0.99) composition of macroalgae is highly variable and is explained in terms of an unradiogenic 187Os/188Os contribution from rivers draining younger basaltic catchments that have undergone congruent weathering (and/or hydrothermal input) and a radiogenic 187Os/188Os contribution from two distinct sources: rivers draining older catchments that have undergone incongruent weathering of radiogenic primary basaltic minerals and North Atlantic seawater. The 187Re/188Os composition (~65 to 40,320) of macroalgae traces that of water, with higher values associated with higher salinity waters, but far exceeds the 187Re/188Os of water due to the preferential uptake of Re over Os by macroalgae in areas of high dissolved and/or bed load Re abundances. This study substantiates the utility of macroalgae as a proxy for the long‐term (months to years) average 187Os/188Os composition of seawater, which holds the potential to elucidate a range of Earth system and anthropogenic processes.
Association of anxiety with subcortical amyloidosis in cognitively normal older adults
Authors: Hanseeuw Bernard J. , Jonas Victoria , Jackson Jonathan , Betensky Rebecca A. , Rentz Dorene M. , Johnson Keith A. , Sperling Reisa A. , Donovan Nancy J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLate-life anxiety has been associated with increased progression from normal cognition to amnestic MCI, suggesting that anxiety may be a neuropsychiatric symptom of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathological changes and a possible marker of anatomical progression in preclinical AD. This study examined whether cortical or subcortical amyloidosis, indicating earlier or later stages of preclinical AD, was associated with greater self-reported anxiety among 118 cognitively normal volunteers, aged 65–90 years, and whether this association was stronger in APOEε4 carriers. Participants underwent Pittsburgh Compound B Positron Emission Tomography (PiB-PET) to assess fibrillar amyloid-β burden in cortical and subcortical regions, and measurement of anxiety using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-anxiety subscale. Higher PiB-PET measures in the subcortex (striatum, amygdala, and thalamus), but not in the cortex, were associated with greater anxiety, adjusting for demographics, cognition, and depression. Findings were similar using a cortico-striatal staging system and continuous PET measurements. Anxiety was highest in APOEε4 carriers with subcortical amyloidosis. This work supports in vivo staging of amyloid-β deposition in both cortical and subcortical regions as a promising approach to the study of neuropsychiatric symptoms such as anxiety in cognitively normal older individuals. Elevated anxiety symptoms in combination with high-risk biological factors such as APOEε4 and subcortical amyloid-β may identify participants closest to MCI for secondary prevention trials.
Abundance and distribution of Archaea in the subseafloor sedimentary biosphere
Authors: Hoshino Tatsuhiko , Inagaki Fumio 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Subseafloor sedimentary environments harbor a remarkable number of microorganisms that constitute anaerobic and aerobic microbial ecosystems beneath the ocean margins and open-ocean gyres, respectively. Microbial biomass and diversity richness generally decrease with increasing sediment depth and burial time. However, there has been a long-standing debate over the contribution and distribution of Archaea in the subseafloor sedimentary biosphere. Here we show the global quantification of archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA genes in 221 sediment core samples obtained from diverse oceanographic settings through scientific ocean drilling using microfluidic digital PCR. We estimated that archaeal cells constitute 37.3% of the total microbial cells (40.0% and 12.8% in the ocean margin and open-ocean sites, respectively), corresponding to 1.1 × 1029 cells on Earth. In addition, the relative abundance of archaeal 16S rRNA genes generally decreased with the depth of water in the overlying sedimentary habitat, suggesting that Archaea may be more sensitive to nutrient quality and quantity supplied from the overlying ocean.
Inter-Kingdom beach warfare: Microbial chemical communication activates natural chemical defences
Authors: Khalil Zeinab G , Cruz-Morales Pablo , Licona-Cassani Cuauhtemoc , Marcellin Esteban , Capon Robert J 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
An inter-kingdom beach warfare between a Streptomyces sp. and Aspergillus sp. co-isolated from shallow water beach sand, collected off Heron Island, Queensland, Australia, saw the bacteriostatic Aspergillus metabolite cyclo-(l-Phe-trans-4-hydroxy-l-Pro) (3) stimulate the Streptomyces to produce nitric oxide (NO), which in turn mediated transcriptional activation of a silent biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) for fungistatic heronapyrrole B (1). Structure activity relationship studies, coupled with the use of NO synthase inhibitors, donors and scavangers, and both genomic and transcriptomic analyses, confirmed the extraordinary chemical cue specificity of 3, and its NO-mediated mechanism of transcriptional action. Our findings reveal the importance of inter-kingdom (fungal-bacterial) chemical communication in the regulation of silent BGCs coding for chemical defenses. We propose that the detection and characterisation of NO mediated transcriptional activation (NOMETA) of silent chemical defences in the environment, may inspire broader application in the field of microbial biodiscovery.
Adiporon, an adiponectin receptor agonist acts as an antidepressant and metabolic regulator in a mouse model of depression
Authors: Nicolas Sarah , Debayle Delphine , Béchade Catherine , Maroteaux Luc , Gay Anne-Sophie , Bayer Pascale , Heurteaux Catherine , Guyon Alice , Chabry Joëlle 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMajor depression is a psychiatric disorder with complex etiology. About 30% of depressive patients are resistant to antidepressants that are currently available, likely because they only target the monoaminergic systems. Thus, identification of novel antidepressants with a larger action spectrum is urgently required. Epidemiological data indicate high comorbidity between metabolic and psychiatric disorders, particularly obesity and depression. We used a well-characterized anxiety/depressive-like mouse model consisting of continuous input of corticosterone for seven consecutive weeks. A panel of reliable behavioral tests were conducted to assessing numerous facets of the depression-like state, including anxiety, resignation, reduced motivation, loss of pleasure, and social withdrawal. Furthermore, metabolic features including weight, adiposity, and plasma biological parameters (lipids, adipokines, and cytokines) were investigated in corticosterone-treated mice. Our data show that chronic administration of corticosterone induced the parallel onset of metabolic and behavioral dysfunctions in mice. AdipoRon, a potent adiponectin receptor agonist, prevented the corticosterone-induced early onset of moderate obesity and metabolic syndromes. Moreover, in all the behavioral tests, daily treatment with AdipoRon successfully reversed the corticosterone-induced depression-like state in mice. AdipoRon exerted its pleiotropic actions on various systems including hippocampal neurogenesis, serotonergic neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, and the tryptophan metabolic pathway, which can explain its antidepressant properties. Our study highlights the pivotal role of the adiponergic system in the development of both metabolic and psychiatric disorders. AdipoRon may constitute a promising novel antidepressant.
Proteomics for blood biomarker exploration of severe mental illness: pitfalls of the past and potential for the future
Authors: Comes Ashley L. , Papiol Sergi , Mueller Thorsten , Geyer Philipp E. , Mann Matthias , Schulze Thomas G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecent improvements in high-throughput proteomic approaches are likely to constitute an essential advance in biomarker discovery, holding promise for improved personalized care and drug development. These methodologies have been applied to study multivariate protein patterns and provide valuable data of peripheral tissues. To highlight findings of the last decade for three of the most common psychiatric disorders, namely schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD), we queried PubMed. Here we delve into the findings from thirty studies, which used proteomics and multiplex immunoassay approaches for peripheral blood biomarker exploration. In an explorative approach, we ran enrichment analyses in peripheral blood according to these results and ascertained the overlap between proteomic findings and genetic loci identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The studies we appraised demonstrate that proteomics for psychiatric research has been heterogeneous in aims and methods and limited by insufficient sample sizes, poorly defined case definitions, methodological inhomogeneity, and confounding results constraining the conclusions that can be extracted from them. Here, we discuss possibilities for overcoming methodological challenges for the implementation of proteomic signatures in psychiatric diagnosis and offer an outlook for future investigations. To fulfill the promise of proteomics in mental disease diagnostics, future research will need large, well-defined cohorts in combination with state-of-the-art technologies.
Chiral symmetry breaking yields the I-Au60 perfect golden shell of singular rigidity
Authors: Mullins S.-M. , Weissker H.-Ch. , Sinha-Roy R. , Pelayo J. J. , Garzón I. L. , Whetten R. L. , López-Lozano X. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe combination of profound chirality and high symmetry on the nm-scale is unusual and would open exciting avenues, both fundamental and applied. Here we show how the unique electronic structure and bonding of quasi-2D gold makes this possible. We report a chiral symmetry breaking, i.e., the spontaneous formation of a chiral-icosahedral shell (I−Au60) from achiral (Ih) precursor forms, accompanied by a contraction in the Au–Au bonding and hence the radius of this perfect golden sphere, in which all 60 sites are chemically equivalent. This structure, which resembles the most complex of semi-regular (Archimedean) polyhedra (34.5*), may be viewed as an optimal solution to the topological problem: how to close a 60-vertex 2D (triangular) net in 3D. The singular rigidity of the I−Au60 manifests in uniquely discrete structural, vibrational, electronic, and optical signatures, which we report herein as a guide to its experimental detection and ultimately its isolation in material forms.
JMJD3 facilitates C/EBPβ-centered transcriptional program to exert oncorepressor activity in AML
Authors: Yu Shan-He , Zhu Kang-Yong , Chen Juan , Liu Xiang-Zhen , Xu Peng-Fei , Zhang Wu , Yan Li , Guo He-Zhou , Zhu Jiang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractJMJD3, a stress-inducible H3K27 demethylase, plays a critical regulatory role in the initiation and progression of malignant hematopoiesis. However, how this histone modifier affects in a cell type-dependent manner remains unclear. Here, we show that in contrast to its oncogenic effect in preleukemia state and lymphoid malignancies, JMJD3 relieves the differentiation-arrest of certain subtypes (such as M2 and M3) of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. RNA sequencing and ChIP−PCR analyses revealed that JMJD3 exerts anti-AML effect by directly modulating H3K4 and H3K27 methylation levels to activate the expression of a number of key myelopoietic regulatory genes. Mechanistic exploration identified a physical and functional association of JMJD3 with C/EBPβ that presides the regulatory network of JMJD3. Thus, the leukemia regulatory role of JMJD3 varies in a disease phase- and lineage-dependent manner, and acts as a potential oncorepressor in certain subsets of AML largely by coupling to C/EBPβ-centered myelopoietic program.
HIF-2α-pVHL complex reveals broad genotype-phenotype correlations in HIF-2α-driven disease
Authors: Tarade Daniel , Robinson Claire M. , Lee Jeffrey E. , Ohh Michael 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIt is definitively established that mutations in transcription factor HIF-2α are causative of both neuroendocrine tumors (class 1 disease) and polycythemia (class 2 disease). However, the molecular mechanism that underlies this emergent genotype–phenotype relationship has remained unclear. Here, we report the structure of HIF-2α peptide bound to pVHL-elongin B-elongin C (VBC) heterotrimeric complex, which shows topographical demarcation of class 1 and 2 mutations affecting residues predicted, and demonstrated via biophysical analyses, to differentially impact HIF-2α-pVHL interaction interface stability. Concordantly, biochemical experiments showed that class 1 mutations disrupt pVHL affinity to HIF-2α more adversely than class 2 mutations directly or indirectly via impeding PHD2-mediated hydroxylation. These findings suggest that neuroendocrine tumor pathogenesis requires a higher HIF-2α dose than polycythemia, which requires only a mild increase in HIF-2α activity. These biophysical data reveal a structural basis that underlies, and can be used to predict de novo, broad genotype-phenotype correlations in HIF-2α-driven disease.
ZCCHC3 is a co-sensor of cGAS for dsDNA recognition in innate immune response
Authors: Lian Huan , Wei Jin , Zang Ru , Ye Wen , Yang Qing , Zhang Xia-Nan , Chen Yun-Da , Fu Yu-Zhi , Hu Ming-Ming , Lei Cao-Qi , Luo Wei-Wei , Li Shu , Shu Hong-Bing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) senses double-strand (ds) DNA in the cytosol and then catalyzes synthesis of the second messenger cGAMP, which activates the adaptor MITA/STING to initiate innate antiviral response. How cGAS activity is regulated remains enigmatic. Here, we identify ZCCHC3, a CCHC-type zinc-finger protein, as a positive regulator of cytosolic dsDNA- and DNA virus-triggered signaling. We show that ZCCHC3-deficiency inhibits dsDNA- and DNA virus-triggered induction of downstream effector genes, and that ZCCHC3-deficient mice are more susceptible to lethal herpes simplex virus type 1 or vaccinia virus infection. ZCCHC3 directly binds to dsDNA, enhances the binding of cGAS to dsDNA, and is important for cGAS activation following viral infection. Our results suggest that ZCCHC3 is a co-sensor for recognition of dsDNA by cGAS, which is important for efficient innate immune response to cytosolic dsDNA and DNA virus.
Co-crystallization of atomically precise metal nanoparticles driven by magic atomic and electronic shells
Authors: Yan Juanzhu , Malola Sami , Hu Chengyi , Peng Jian , Dittrich Birger , Teo Boon K. , Häkkinen Hannu , Zheng Lansun , Zheng Nanfeng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper reports co-crystallization of two atomically precise, different-size ligand-stabilized nanoclusters, a spherical (AuAg)267(SR)80 and a smaller trigonal-prismatic (AuAg)45(SR)27(PPh3)6 in 1:1 ratio, characterized fully by X-ray crystallographic analysis (SR = 2,4-SPhMe2). The larger cluster has a four concentric-shell icosahedral structure of Ag@M12@M42@M92@Ag120(SR)80 (M = Au or Ag) with the inner-core M147 icosahedron observed here for metal nanoparticles. The cluster has an open electron shell of 187 delocalized electrons, fully metallic, plasmonic behavior, and a zero HOMO-LUMO energy gap. The smaller cluster has an 18-electron shell closing, a notable HOMO-LUMO energy gap and a molecule-like optical spectrum. This is the first direct demonstration of the simultaneous presence of competing effects (closing of atom vs. electron shells) in nanocluster synthesis and growth, working together to form a co-crystal of different-sized clusters. This observation suggests a strategy that may be helpful in the design of other nanocluster systems via co-crystallization.
Architecture of the native major royal jelly protein 1 oligomer
Authors: Tian Wenli , Li Min , Guo Huiyuan , Peng Wenjun , Xue Xiaofeng , Hu Yifan , Liu Yang , Zhao Yazhou , Fang Xiaoming , Wang Kai , Li Xiuting , Tong Yufeng , Conlon Michael A. , Wu Wei , Ren Fazheng , Chen Zhongzhou 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHoneybee caste development is nutritionally regulated by royal jelly (RJ). Major royal jelly protein 1 (MRJP1), the most abundant glycoprotein among soluble royal jelly proteins, plays pivotal roles in honeybee nutrition and larvae development, and exhibits broad pharmacological activities in humans. However, its structure has long remained unknown. Herein, we identify and report a 16-molecule architecture of native MRJP1 oligomer containing four MRJP1, four apisimin, and eight unanticipated 24-methylenecholesterol molecules at 2.65 Å resolution. MRJP1 has a unique six-bladed β-propeller fold with three disulfide bonds, and it interacts with apisimin mainly by hydrophobic interaction. Every four 24-methylenecholesterol molecules are packaged by two MRJP1 and two apisimin molecules. This assembly dimerizes to form an H-shaped MRJP14-apisimin4-24-methylenecholesterol8 complex via apisimin in a conserved and pH-dependent fashion. Our findings offer a structural basis for understanding the pharmacological effects of MRJPs and 24-methylenecholesterol, and provide insights into their unique physiological roles in bees.
Axonal G3BP1 stress granule protein limits axonal mRNA translation and nerve regeneration
Authors: Sahoo Pabitra K. , Lee Seung Joon , Jaiswal Poonam B. , Alber Stefanie , Kar Amar N. , Miller-Randolph Sharmina , Taylor Elizabeth E. , Smith Terika , Singh Bhagat , Ho Tammy Szu-Yu , Urisman Anatoly , Chand Shreya , Pena Edsel A. , Burlingame Alma L. , Woolf Clifford J. , Fainzilber Mike , English Arthur W. , Twiss Jeffery L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCritical functions of intra-axonally synthesized proteins are thought to depend on regulated recruitment of mRNA from storage depots in axons. Here we show that axotomy of mammalian neurons induces translation of stored axonal mRNAs via regulation of the stress granule protein G3BP1, to support regeneration of peripheral nerves. G3BP1 aggregates within peripheral nerve axons in stress granule-like structures that decrease during regeneration, with a commensurate increase in phosphorylated G3BP1. Colocalization of G3BP1 with axonal mRNAs is also correlated with the growth state of the neuron. Disrupting G3BP functions by overexpressing a dominant-negative protein activates intra-axonal mRNA translation, increases axon growth in cultured neurons, disassembles axonal stress granule-like structures, and accelerates rat nerve regeneration in vivo.
Structural conservation in a membrane-enveloped filamentous virus infecting a hyperthermophilic acidophile
Authors: Liu Ying , Osinski Tomasz , Wang Fengbin , Krupovic Mart , Schouten Stefan , Kasson Peter , Prangishvili David , Egelman Edward H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDifferent forms of viruses that infect archaea inhabiting extreme environments continue to be discovered at a surprising rate, suggesting that the current sampling of these viruses is sparse. We describe here Sulfolobus filamentous virus 1 (SFV1), a membrane-enveloped virus infecting Sulfolobus shibatae. The virus encodes two major coat proteins which display no apparent sequence similarity with each other or with any other proteins in databases. We have used cryo-electron microscopy at 3.7 Å resolution to show that these two proteins form a nearly symmetrical heterodimer, which wraps around A-form DNA, similar to what has been shown for SIRV2 and AFV1, two other archaeal filamentous viruses. The thin (∼ 20 Å) membrane of SFV1 is mainly archaeol, a lipid species that accounts for only 1% of the host lipids. Our results show how relatively conserved structural features can be maintained across evolution by both proteins and lipids that have diverged considerably.
Ultra-low damping insulating magnetic thin films get perpendicular
Authors: Soumah Lucile , Beaulieu Nathan , Qassym Lilia , Carrétéro Cécile , Jacquet Eric , Lebourgeois Richard , Ben Youssef Jamal , Bortolotti Paolo , Cros Vincent , Anane Abdelmadjid 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA magnetic material combining low losses and large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is still a missing brick in the magnonic and spintronic fields. We report here on the growth of ultrathin Bismuth doped Y3Fe5O12 (BiYIG) films on Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG) and substituted GGG (sGGG) (111) oriented substrates. A fine tuning of the PMA is obtained using both epitaxial strain and growth-induced anisotropies. Both spontaneously in-plane and out-of-plane magnetized thin films can be elaborated. Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR) measurements demonstrate the high-dynamic quality of these BiYIG ultrathin films; PMA films with Gilbert damping values as low as 3 × 10−4 and FMR linewidth of 0.3 mT at 8 GHz are achieved even for films that do not exceed 30 nm in thickness. Moreover, we measure inverse spin hall effect (ISHE) on Pt/BiYIG stacks showing that the magnetic insulator’s surface is transparent to spin current, making it appealing for spintronic applications.