bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Düşme Şikâyeti ile Acil Servise Başvuran 65 Yaş ve üzeri Hastaların Düşme Nedenleri ve Risk Faktörlerinin Araştırılması
Authors: GÖKÇEK Mebrure Beyza , GÖKÇEK İrfan , YILMAZ Tuğba , KASIM İsmail , YILMAZ Tarık Eren , ÖZKARA Adem 
Published: July 2019

Amaç: Çalışmamızda acil servise düşme nedeniyle başvuran 65 yaş ve üzeri hastaların düşme nedenlerinin ve risk faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesinin yapılması amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamız kesitsel tanımlayıcı tipte bir araştırmadır. 250 hastaya ilgili 35 soruluk anket formu uygulandı. Bağımlılık düzeyinin saptanmasında Barthel Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri İndeksi kullanıldı.Bulgular:Hastaların yaş ortalaması 79,0 ± 8,5 olup, %60,8’i kadındı. En sık başvuruların sonbahar mevsiminde (%36,4), güneşli bir günde (%48) ve 06:00-12:00 saatleri (%42,4) arasında olduğu saptandı. En sık düşme ev içinde olup, temel nedeni “bir yerlere takılma” olarak tespit edildi. En sık risk faktörü dolap ve raf yüksekliğinin (%25,2) fazla olmasıydı. Hastaların %49,6’sında eski düşme öyküsü mevcuttu. Hastaların Barthel puan ortalaması 82,6 ± 24,2 olup en yüksek bağımlılığın banyo yapımı ve merdiven çıkmada olduğu saptandı. En sık tanı fraktür (%55,2) ve yumuşak doku travmasıydı (%45,6). Tüm olguların %21,6’sında femur fraktürü saptanırken %31,2’sinin yatışının yapıldığı belirlendi.75 yaş üstü hastaların eski düşme sayıları (p&lt;0,001), yardımcı cihaz kullanımları (p&lt;0,001), komorbid hastalıkları (p=0,020), fraktürleri (p=0,024) ve yatışları (p=0,022) daha yüksek olarak saptandı. Kadın hastaların ev içi düşme oranı (p=0,010) fazlaydı. Kırsalda yaşayan (p=0,043) ve sonbaharda (p=0,030) düşenlerin fraktür sıklığı daha yüksekti. Bağımlılık oranı yüksek olanların ev içi düşme sıklığı (p&lt;0,001), eski düşme durumları (p&lt;0,001) ve yatış oranları (p=0,006) daha yüksekti. Eğitim seviyesi daha düşük olan hastaların fraktür (p=0,006) ve yatış sıklıklarının daha yüksek olduğu saptandı (p=0,044). Sonuç: Çalışmamızda ileri yaş ve kadın cinsiyetin düşmeler için önemli birer predispozan faktör olduğu saptandı. Düşme nedenlerine bakıldığında da basit önlemlerle risk yönetimi yapılarak düşmenin ve ilgili komplikasyonlarının önüne geçilebileceği anlaşıldı.
EFFECTS OF VARIOUS AVERSIVE ENVIRONMENTS ON OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF MUSCLE AND BLOOD IN MICE UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE “FORCED SWIMMING” TEST
Authors: Voronkov A. V. , Gerashchenko A. D. , Pozdnyakov D. I. , Khusainov D. V. 
Published: July 2019

The aim of the study is to assess the effect of various aversive environments on the oxygen consumption in muscles and blood in mice Under conditions of the “forced swimming” test.Materials and methods. The study was performed on outbred male mice. Exhausting physical activity was modeled in the “forced swimming” test in various aversive environments. The oxygen consumption by the muscle tissue, as well as the oxygen capacity of the blood, were estimated using the respirometry method (AKPM1-01L (“Alfa Bassens”, Russia)).Results. In the course of the study it was found out that in the group of the animals swimming in hot water (at the temperature of 41°C) as an aversive environment, there was no significant change in the oxygen consumption by mitochondria of striated muscle and by red blood cells in comparison with the intact group of the animals. At the same time, in the group of the mice, where cold water (at the temperature of 15°C) as an aversive environment was used, a statistically significant (by the end of the experiment) decrease in the swimming time was observed in relation to the intact group of the animals. It was accompanied by a decrease in the oxygen consumption by muscle mitochondria, with a constant level of the blood oxygenation. Under conditions of exhausting physical exertion, in the group of the animals that received Metaprot®, an increase in working capacity was noted in both hot and cold water. After peak days of working capacity, a slight decrease in physical activity was observed in both experimental groups. At the same time, it should be noted that oxygenation of blood and muscle tissue against the background of exhausting physical exertion in the group that received Metaprot®, did not differ from the group of intact animals in various aversive environments.Conclusion. Thus, based on the obtained data, it can be assumed that under conditions of “forced swimming” with loading, the most profound changes in the structure and functions of the striated muscles are observed in animals in cold (15°С) water That is reflected in a decrease in the physical strain and in reducing the oxygen consumption by muscle tissue. The use of the drug Metaprot® promoted correcting the changes in the physical performance of the animals, which was reflected in its increase by 144.8% (p <0.05), compared with the initial swimming time of this group, without the oxygen consumption by erythrocytes and mitochondria of striated muscles.
Late-Night Salivary Cortisol: Cut-Off Definition and Diagnostic Accuracy for Cushing’s Syndrome in a Portuguese Population
Authors: Lages Adriana De Sousa , Frade João Gonçalo , Oliveira Diana , Paiva Isabel , Oliveira Patrícia , Rebelo-Marques Alexandre , Carrilho Francisco 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome remains a challenge in clinical endocrinology. Even though late-night salivary cortisol is used as screening tool, individualized cut-off levels for each population must be defined.Material and Methods: Three groups of subjects were studied: normal subjects, suspected and proven Cushing’s syndrome. Salivary cortisol was measured using an automated electrochemiluminescence assay. The functional sensitivity of the assay is 0.018 μg/dL. The diagnostic cut-off level was defined by Receiver Operating Characteristic curve and Youden’s J index.Results: We studied 127 subjects: 57 healthy volunteers, 39 patients with suspected and 31 with proven Cushing’s syndrome. 2.5th - 97.5th percentile of the late-night salivary cortisol concentrations in normal subjects was 0.054 to 0.1827 μg/dL. Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.9881 (p < 0.0001). A cut-off point of 0.1 μg/dL provided a sensitivity of 96.77% (95% CI 83.3 - 99.92%) and specificity of 91.23% (95% CI 80.7 - 97.09%). There was a significant correlation between latenight salivary cortisol and late-night serum cortisol (R = 0.6977; p < 0.0001) and urinary free cortisol (R = 0.5404; p = 0.0025) in proven Cushing’s syndrome group.Discussion: The mean ± SD late-night salivary cortisol concentration in patients with proven Cushing’s syndrome (0.6798 ± 0.52 μg/ dL) was significantly higher (p < 0.0001). In our population, the late-night salivary cortisol cut-off was 0.1 μg/dL with high sensitivity and specificity.Conclusion: Late-night salivary cortisol has excellent diagnostic accuracy, making it a highly reliable, noninvasive, screening tool for outpatient assessment. Given its convenience and diagnostic accuracy, late-night salivary cortisol may be added to other traditional screening tests on hypercortisolism.
Learning Chemistry using Course Review Horay (CRH) Model Toward Students Learning Activity X Grade In SMA Negeri 1 Muntilan In Nomenclature Name Of Chemical Compounds Materials
Authors: Dewi Puspitaningrum Nimas Putri , Arlianty Widinda Normalia 
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the difference of implementation the Course Review Horay (CRH) model on learning activities of students grade X SMA Negeri 1 Muntilan, academic year 2017/2018 in nomenclature of chemical compounds material. This research is an experimental research. Population of this study was all class X students of SMA Negeri 1 Muntilan on 2017/2018 school year, with a total of 7 classes. Samples were taken by purposive sampling technique consist of 2 classes. Data collection techniques used non-test methods. Form of assessment used are observation sheets. Data analysis techniques using the Mann Whitney-U test. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded: There was different of chemistry learning with the CRH model on student learning activities in Nomerclature of Chemical Compounds material.
Perbandingan Keterampilan Motorik Kasar Anak Kelompok B pada Kegiatan Senam Berirama dan yang Tidak Berirama
Authors: Marlia Ani , Nisa' Titin Faridatun , Fajar Yulias Wulani 
Published: July 2019

<em><span>The aim of this study is to compare applying music through gross motor skill towards kid’s Class B Kindergarten on gymnastic. This study using comparative quantitative approach with 30 kids; 15 boys and 15 girls as the research subject. It takes from the population of Ulil Albab Kindergarten students using purposive sampling considers criteria towards their development. Observation and documentation technique are applied as data interpretation. Therefore, the instrument of study utilizes observation sheet from the kid’s gymnastics at school. The data analysis uses statistic non-parametric. Wilcoxon test is used in this study as the hypothesis result. Ensue from the computation SPSS 19.0 is as two directions significant 0, 00. According to this significant &lt; 0,05 thus Ho is confirmed. This shows there is no difference of gross motor towards Class B kids in using music on gymnastics. </span></em>
Peningkatan Kemampuan Anak dalam Mengenal Konsep Bilangan Melalui Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Alam
Authors: Syukur Abdul , Fallo Yulianty Thabita 
Published: July 2019

Enhancing Early Childhood Ability to Know the Concept of Numbers through Using of Learning Media Based on Nature. The purpose of this study is to improve the ability of children to understand the concept of numbers through using of learning media based on nature. The type of research conducted is Classroom Action Research with data collection techniques in the form of observations and performance and then analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. This research was conducted in two cycles, namely cycle I and cycle II. In the first cycle the percentage of student performance achieved 30% of the percentage before use the cycle, in this cycle students who managed to achieve the Minimum Completeness Criteria drove 11 people who had not succeeded in achieving a large of minimum completeness criteria students could participate in learning activities well and encourage very active when using media. So the research continued the second cycle in cycle II, the percentage reached 45% and all students who succeeded in reaching 20 people managed to reach the minimum completeness criteria while the observations showed that students were very interested in learning to use the prepared media. From the results of the implementation of the first cycle and the second cycle the increase in the percentage of student learning completeness reached 75% of the percentage before cycle use. Thus, it can be denied that the learning media based on nature can improve the ability of children to understand the concept of numbers to support learning activities in early childhood can use media that are either natural media or media that have been supportive in order to produce learning that is conducive to children's abilities.
The Prevalence of Shiga toxin-1 in Shigella spp. Isolates Collected from Diarrhea Patients, Ahvaz, Iran
Authors: Mahdian Nahid , Gheysarzadeh Ali , Valadbeigi Hassan , Ghafourian Sobhan , Maleki Abbas , Sadeghifard Norkhoda 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objective
Shigellosis is one of the substantial causative agents of microbial dysentery and still has a remarkable prevalence particularly in areas with poor hygienic infrastructures. The probable existence of the deadly Shiga toxin-1(Stx1) protein in some Shigella strains would manifest life-threatening clinical symptoms of the infection. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Stx1 in isolated from patients with diarrhea.
Results
Totally, 227 Shigella species including 60 S. flexneri, 157 S. sonnei, and 10 S. boydii were collected from diarrheal patients in tropical infectious diseases research center of Ahvaz, Iran, from 2013 till 2015. The isolates were collected mostly from the intensive care unit, infectious disease, and surgery settings. The isolates were identified and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the stx gene. The results indicated that none of them encode the stx gene. In conclusion isolates of this study were not capable of stx1 encoding.
Evaluating the Rising Secular Trends of Incidence and Partial Prevalence of Colorectal Cancer in Iran: Join point regression
Authors: Vali Mouhebat , Vardanjani Hossein Molavi , Hassanzadeh Jafar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is expected to be of the most common cancers in developing countries, where the its mortality is high and less services are avaiable for cancer survivors.

Methods

To assess the incidence rate, firstly, the incidence rates of colon and rectum reported in the two sites of http://globocan.iarc.fr and http://healthdata.org from 1990 to 2017 were extracted based on gender and age groups (less than 40 and more than 40 years old), In the next step, according to the incidence and APC(annual percentage change) provided in the previous step, we predicted the incidence for the next years according to the formulas. we Estimated the prevalence of 1-year, 2-3 year and 4-5 year using survival and incidence according to the formula. At the end we predicted prevalence by 2030 in Iran.

Results

In our study, AAPC(average annual percentage change) for women was found to be 4.07%(CI: 3.76-4.39) in all age groups and AAPC= 4.30%(CI: 4.14-4.47) for men in all age groups. the predicted incidence in the group under 40 that in men it reaches from about 12 to 15 per 100,000 and for women from about 10 to 11 per 100,000. While the increase of 100/ 10000 was found in the women over 40 years and the increase of 150/100,000 was obtained in men. And In all groups, predicted prevalence rate increases. In the group under 40 and the group over 40 prevalence increase about 2000 and 26000 numbers respectively in women and men from 2000 to 2030.

Conclusions

With regard to the above mentioned cases, there is a strong need for cancers registry, which is the population information and follow-up of patients, and the establishment of research institutes to determine the basic needs of patients.
Polyamine and Ethylene pathways crosstalk revisited on a genome wide and gene function scale
Authors: MUVUNYI BLAISE PASCAL , Wu Fan , Yan Qi , Kanzana Gisele , Zhang Yufei , Ma Tiantian , Min Xueyang , Yan Zhuanzhuan , Zhang Zhengshe , Zhao Yufeng , Wang Yanrong , Kamana Olivier , Zhang Jiyu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis pathway genes are widely involved in the regulation of plant abiotic stresses. For their biosynthesis, both pathways require the same precursor, Synthase Adenosyl Methionine (SAM) enzyme. Whether they function as competitors or collaborators to regulate plant abiotic stress tolerance is still an elusive topic. Genome wide analysis of Cleistogenes songorica polyamine and ethylene pathway gene families was conducted to study their evolutionary relationship. And, using Arabidopsis plants transformed with a polyamine gene SAMDC2 from C. songorica, the expression of key genes from both pathways, and other previously well-studied stress responsive genes was investigated under salt or drought stress. Further, the ABA’s role on this interaction salt stress was also studied.

Results

17 polyamine, 12 ethylene and 6 SAM biosynthesis related genes were identified at genome wide level in C. songorica. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close evolutionary similarities between gene families from both pathways. Also, analysis of cis regulatory elements indicated that SAM family genes promoters were rich into both ABA and ethylene related cis regulatory elements.

Transcriptomic analysis, qRT-PCR validation, and confirmation using transgenic Arabidopsis showed that polyamine and ethylene key pathway genes can be concurrently expressed during abiotic stresses. Arabidopsis plants expressing a polyamine gene CsSAMDC2 driven by RD29A showed an improved drought and salt stress tolerance, and an increased expression of key polyamine and ethylene pathway genes. These plants maintained higher chlorophyll content and photosynthetic capacity. Morphological analysis of transgenic seedlings showed that leaves of these lines exhibited a more compact architecture following salt stress exposure.

Application of ABA on transgenic lines under salt stress further improved the expression of polyamine and ethylene pathway genes. Further, lateral and primary root development were found improved during salt stress and ABA treatments. Interestingly, the expression of ethylene pathway genes was not reversed by exogenous ABA during salt stress treatment.

Conclusion

In silico and gene functional analysis assays revealed potential evolutionary and functional similarities between polyamine and ethylene pathway gene families. Such findings imply a synergetic interaction between polyamine and ethylene pathways, and the significant role of ABA on this crosstalk.
Effect of Striga gesnerioides on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.Walp) Yield Components
Authors: Larweh Victoria , Akromah Richard , Amoah Stephen , Asibuo James Yaw , Kusi Francis , Prempeh Ruth 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: The parasitic plant Striga gesnerioides (Willd) Vatke is becoming a threat to cowpea production in the three northern regions of Ghana (Derived Savanna, Southern Guinea Savanna and Northern Guinea Savanna. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of yield loss due to Striga in F3 progenies and their parental lines. A total of twelve cowpea genotypes were evaluated to ascertain the level of damage by S. gesnerioides.
Results: The results indicated varietal differences with respect to Striga susceptibility in the
genotypes studied. The susceptible varieties (Asomdwee and Hewale) showed an array of emerged
Striga shoots. The F3 progenies (s52, s37, s147, s272) also exhibited the same trend. The resistance
genotypes (IT99K-573-1-1 and GH3684), however, were totally devoid of Striga shoots.
Similarly, some of the F3 progenies (r246, r286, r282 and r69) were completely without Striga
shoot. Striga height was higher on susceptible genotypes than those that are moderately resistance.
The results obtained from this study revealed a percentage reduction in pods per plant range
between 45.12 and 49.53 %; grain yield reduction ranged between 78.22 and 87.17% on
susceptible genotypes which indicated that Striga had greater influence on yield. Fodder yield was
also significantly reduced between 70.59 and 73.03% in susceptible genotypes. There was a strong
negative correlation (r = -0.724) between grain yield and days to Striga emergence. A significant
negative correlation (r = -0.762) was also found between Striga shoot per plant and grain yield.
Conclusion: Striga infestation reduced pods per plant to 49%, grain yield loss to 87% and fodder yield loss to 73%. This study has revealed potential F3 genotypes resistant to S. gesnerioides under pot experiment. The implication is that if susceptible genotypes are grown the farmer stand the chance of loosen everything to the parasite.
The Arclight: A New, Low-Cost Ophthalmoscope for Medical Student Teaching
Authors: Tuteja Sahib Yuvraj , Kousha Obaid , Blaikie Andrew 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Introduction

Many physicians lack confidence in performing ophthalmoscopy. Limited training at the undergraduate level, low ophthalmoscope ownership rates, and lack of access in wards have been identified as potential factors that contribute to the negative cycle that precludes development of this vital skill. We evaluated the Arclight (AO), a new low-cost (£50) pocket ophthalmoscope, against a ‘traditional’ direct ophthalmoscope (TDO) to assess whether it maybe a suitable alternative for medical student training.

Methods

18 third year medical students were split into two groups to use either the AO or the TDO device to perform two tasks: 1) Identify a range of core retinal pathologies on seven simulated eyes and; 2) Identify specific signs of diabetic retinopathy on four simulated eyes.

Results

For the first task, the mean score for correct identification of pathologies for the AO group (n=9) was 4.33 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.90 to 5.77) and the mean score for the TDO group (n=9) was 3.78 (95% CI: 5.10 to 2.46). For the second task, the mean score for the AO group (n=9) was 7.17 (95% CI: 5.11 to 9.23) and for the TDO group (n=9) was 5.61 (95% CI: 4.43 to 6.79). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups’ results for the first (p = 0.52), or the second task (p = 0.15).

Conclusions

Our results show that the AO performs just as well as the TDO in examination of both general retinal clinical signs and specific signs of diabetic retinopathy. The equal clinical effectiveness combined with low cost, consumable-independence and portability of the AO make it a suitable alternative to the TDO in medical schools. If the device was more widely adopted by students we would envisage greater and more confident use as a post-graduate doctor, improving quality of care.
Patient characteristics of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus in China: a retrospective cohort study and data analysis
Authors: zhang yongwen , Han Huanhuan , Chu Lanfang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: The goals of the present study were to quantify incidence rate of hypoglycemia, in-vestigate risk factors for hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and suggest preventive measures.
Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort, multicenter, non-interventional study of hypogly-cemic events, used previously acquired data from 10,359 patients with T2DM, who were treated between March 2015 and March 2018. Two aspects of our research were investigated: (i) retrospec-tive study to assess the incidence of hypoglycemia during hospitalization; and (ii) to determine the relationship between hypoglycemia and risk factors such as age, HbA1c, complications, duration of DM, insulin and/or SU use, and cognitive impairment.
Results: Overall, 9,993 patients were included in the full analysis set, 376 patients were identified hypoglycemia in the database. Demographic characteristics of patients with T2DM were similar between hypoglycemia and non-hypoglycemia groups, significant differences were not observed between the groups, except for cognitive impairment (p =0.037). The most common cause of hypo-glycemia was drug overdose/misuse (34.2%), irregular diet (21.3%), and excessive physical activity (13.8%). Most of the hypoglycemic episodes occurred before and after lunch (39.4% between 10:00 and 13:00). Retrospective rates (events per patient per month [PPPM]) of overall, severe, and noc-turnal hypoglycemia were 3.83 events PPPM (95% CI 1.90–5.80), 1.17 events PPPM (95% CI 0.78-1.56), and 0.07 events PPPM (95% CI 0.05-0.09). Multivariate model analysis showed that the use of SU (OR=3.162, p = 0.040) and insulin (OR= 2.414, p = 0.017) were associated with hypo-glycemic events. Logistic regression analysis of the variables revealed that significant positive as-sociation of the frequency of overall and severe hypoglycemia with age (beta=0.855, p=0.018; be-ta=1.343, p=0.015) and duration of DM (beta=1.248, p=0.025; beta=0.947, p=0.014).
Conclusions: The present study shows that advanced age, duration of DM, cognitive dysfunction, and insulin and/or SU use are the main causes of hypoglycemia in Chinese patients with T2DM. Education on hypoglycemia, appropriate use of antidiabetic drugs and avoidance of related risk factors are essential for patients with DM.