bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic merge: a gain or a gamble – the case of Telco China
Authors: Li Wing Sun 
Published: July 2019

Learning outcomesBy reviewing the case study, readers are expected to understand the constraints of competitive strategies in a shifting environmental landscape; the difficulties of foreign companies to sustain in an emerging market with government interventions; the subtlety of joint venture (JV) formation by partners with very divergent background, priority and agenda; evaluation of behavioural orientations of partnership and JV operational arrangements as determinants of a successful JV strategy.Case overview/synopsisHigh-tech companies can enjoy super profits from their products when only a few competitors can compete with them technologically. However, these companies also nurture a high-cost operational culture that sets a constraint for their further growth when superiority of the technology can no longer be maintained. High-tech companies may reposition their businesses with a strategic shift from differentiation strategy to cost focus strategy. The attendant shift as well as synchronization problem in an organization may require a larger effort to revamp. This case describes a global telecom infrastructure company with successful business performance in China in her early establishment with a pre-emptive technological edge. Mitigation of technological superiority and the rise of local competitors have forced the Company to opt for a cooperative strategy with a local player in the establishment of a low-cost joint venture. Does the new joint venture facilitate the strategic shift or just create an illusion of cooperation?Complexity academic levelUndergraduate students and post graduate students taking strategic management course.Supplementary materialsTeaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or emailsupport@emeraldinsight.comto request teaching notes.Subject codeCSS 11: Strategy.
Polic(y)ing time and curriculum: how teachers critically negotiate restrictive policies
Authors: Wessel-Powell Christy , Buchholz Beth Anne , Brownell Cassie J. 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to theorize teacher agency as enacted through a P/policymaking lens in three elementary classrooms. Big-P Policies are formal, top-down school reform policies legislated, created, implemented and regulated by national, state and local governments. Yet, Big-P policies are not the only policies enacted in literacies classrooms. Rather, little-p policies or teachers’ local, personal and creative enactments of their values and expertise are also in play in daily classroom decisions. Little p-policies are teachers doing their best in response to their students and school contexts.Design/methodology/approachAdapting elements of discursive analysis, this interpretive inquiry is designed to examine textual artifacts, situated alongside classroom events and particular local practices, to explicate what teachers’ policymaking enactments regarding time and curriculum look like across three distinct contexts. Using three elementary classrooms as examples, this paper provides analytic snapshots illustrating teachers’ policymaking to solve problems of practice posed by state and school policies for curriculum, and for use of time at school.FindingsThe findings suggest that teachers ration (aliz)ed use of time in ways that enacted personal politics, to prioritize children’s personal growth and well-being alongside teachers’ values, even when use of time became “inefficient.” An artifact from three focal classrooms illustrates particular practices – scheduling, connecting and modeling – teachers leveraged to enact little p-policy. Teachers’ little p-policy enactment is teacher agency, used to disrupt temporal and curricular policies.Originality/valueThis framing is valuable because little-p policymaking works to disrupt and negotiate temporal and curricular mandates imposed on classrooms from the outside.
Direct numerical simulations of laminar and transitional flows in diverging pipes
Authors: Vittal Shenoy Dhanush , Safdari Shadloo Mostafa , Peixinho Jorge , Hadjadj Abdellah 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Fluid flows in pipes whose cross-sectional area are increasing in the stream-wise direction are prone to separation of the recirculation region. This paper aims to investigate such fluid flow in expansion pipe systems using direct numerical simulations. The flow in circular diverging pipes with different diverging half angles, namely, 45, 26, 14, 7.2 and 4.7 degrees, are considered. The flow is fed by a fully developed laminar parabolic velocity profile at its inlet and is connected to a long straight circular pipe at its downstream to characterise recirculation zone and skin friction coefficient in the laminar regime. The flow is considered linearly stable for Reynolds numbers sufficiently below natural transition. A perturbation is added to the inlet fully developed laminar velocity profile to test the flow response to finite amplitude disturbances and to characterise sub-critical transition.

Design/methodology/approach
Direct numerical simulations of the Navier–Stokes equations have been solved using a spectral element method.

Findings
It is found that the onset of disordered motion and the dynamics of the localised turbulence patch are controlled by the Reynolds number, the perturbation amplitude and the half angle of the pipe.

Originality/value
The authors clarify different stages of flow behaviour under the finite amplitude perturbations and shed more light to flow physics such as existence of Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities as well as mechanism of turbulent puff shedding in diverging pipe flows.
Free convection heat transfer of MgO-MWCNTs/EG hybrid nanofluid in a porous complex shaped cavity with MHD and thermal radiation effects
Authors: Ghalambaz Mohammad , Sabour Mahmoud , Pop Ioan , Wen Dongsheng 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The present study aims to address the flow and heat transfer of MgO-MWCNTs/EG hybrid nanofluid in a complex shape enclosure filled with a porous medium. The enclosure is subject to a uniform inclined magnetic field and radiation effects. The effect of the presence of a variable magnetic field on the natural convection heat transfer of hybrid nanofluids in a complex shape cavity is studied for the first time. The geometry of the cavity is an annular space with an isothermal wavy outer cold wall. Two types of the porous medium, glass ball and aluminum metal foam, are adopted for the porous space. The governing equations for mass, momentum and heat transfer of the hybrid nanofluid are introduced and transformed into non-dimensional form. The actual available thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity data for the hybrid nanofluid are directly used for thermophysical properties of the hybrid nanofluid.

Design/methodology/approach
The governing equations for mass, momentum and heat transfer of hybrid nanofluid are introduced and transformed into non-dimensional form. The thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of the nanofluid are directly used from the experimental results available in the literature. The finite element method is used to solve the governing equations. Grid check procedure and validations were performed.

Findings
The effect of Hartmann number, Rayleigh number, Darcy number, the shape of the cavity and the type of porous medium on the thermal performance of the cavity are studied. The outcomes show that using the composite nanoparticles boosts the convective heat transfer. However, the rise of the volume fraction of nanoparticles would reduce the overall enhancement. Considering a convective dominant regime of natural convection flow with Rayleigh number of 107, the maximum enhancement ratio (Nusselt number ratio compared to the pure fluid) for the case of glass ball is about 1.17 and for the case of aluminum metal foam is about 1.15 when the volume fraction of hybrid nanoparticles is minimum as 0.2 per cent.

Originality/value
The effect of the presence of a variable magnetic field on the natural convection heat transfer of a new type of hybrid nanofluids, MgO-MWCNTs/EG, in a complex shape cavity is studied for the first time. The results of this paper are new and original with many practical applications of hybrid nanofluids in the modern industry.
Transient numerical investigation of a large-scale hydro-pneumatic suspension considering variations in check valve parameters and operational conditions
Authors: Zhang Sha , Gu Zhengqi , Wu Wenguang , Zheng Ledian , Liu Jun , Yin Shanbin 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a numerical model used for calculating the nonlinearities of large-scale hydro-pneumatic suspension (HPS) and investigating the effects of variations in flow path and operational parameter on suspension damping response.

Design/methodology/approach
To parameterization nonlinearities of the suspension, the author developed a two-phase flow model of a large-scale HPS based on computational fluid dynamics and volume of fluid method. Considerable effort was made to verify the nonlinearities by field measurements carried out on an off-highway mining dump truck. The investigation of effects of variations in flow path and operational parameter on damping characteristics highlights the necessity of the numerical simulation.

Findings
The two-phase flow model can represent the gas-oil interaction and simulate the suspension operational movement conveniently. Transient numerical simulation results can be used to model the nonlinearities of large-scale HPS accurately. A new phenomenon was discovered that the pressure in rebound chamber presents reduction trend during compression stroke in special cases. It has never been reported before.

Originality/value
Developed a two-phase flow model of a large-scale HPS, which can manage the gas-oil interaction and capture the complex flow field structure in it. The paper is the first study to model the nonlinearities of a large-scale HPS used in off-highway mining dump truck through transient numerical simulation. Compared with previous researches, such a research not only gives new insight and thorough understanding into the suspension internal fluid structure but also can give good guiding opinions to the optimal design of HPS.
Investigations on tribological behaviour of AA7075-TiO2 composites under dry sliding conditions
Authors: S.V. Alagarsamy , M. Ravichandran 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Aluminium and its alloys are the most preferred material in aerospace and automotive industries because of their high strength-to-weight ratio. However, these alloys are found to be low wear resistance. Hence, the incorporation of ceramic particles with the aluminium alloy may be enhanced the mechanical and tribological properties. The purpose of this study is to optimize the specific wear rate and friction coefficient of titanium dioxide (TiO2) reinforced AA7075 matrix composites. The four wear control factors are considered, i.e. reinforcement (Wt.%), applied load (N), sliding velocity (m/s) and sliding distance (m).

Design/methodology/approach
The composites were fabricated through stir casting route with varying weight percentages (0, 5, 10 and 15 Wt.%) of TiO2 particulates. The mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The specific wear rate and friction coefficient of the newly prepared composites was determined by using a pin-on-disc apparatus under dry sliding conditions. Experiments were planned as per Taguchi’s L16 orthogonal design. Signal-to-noise ratio analysis was used to find the optimal combination of parameters.

Findings
The mechanical properties such as yield strength, tensile strength and hardness of the composites significantly improved with the addition of TiO2 particles. The analysis of variance result shows that the applied load and reinforcement Wt.% are the most influencing parameters on specific wear rate and friction coefficient during dry sliding conditions. The scanning electron microscope morphology of the worn surface shows that TiO2 particles protect the matrix from more removal of material at all conditions.

Originality/value
This paper provides a solution for optimal parameters on specific wear rate and friction coefficient of aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) using Taguchi methodology. The obtained results are useful in improving the wear resistance of the AA7075-TiO2 composites.
Analysis and simulation of straight-through labyrinth seal in hydrostatic support system
Authors: Zhang Xiumin , Yin Mingfu , Sun Huilai 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to improve the bearing capacity and mechanical properties of the oil pocket.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, a straight-through labyrinth seal is installed in an oil sealing belt. The main structure of hydrostatic support system (HSS) is introduced, and the factors affecting the leakage loss are analyzed. The governing equations involving the momentum equation and the continuity equation for the land section and groove section are established separately based on the three-control-volume theory. To explain the flow capability of the straight-through labyrinth seal, the labyrinth seal with different clearance widths, groove numbers, groove depths and pressure difference is calculated. The results of the simulation are compared and analyzed.FindingsThe groove dimensions and groove numbers have important impact on the leakage and flow pattern of the seal.Research limitations/implicationsThe fluid flow was simulated by commercial tools executed in the ANSYS Fluent, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver and a steady state scheme with the realizable k-ε turbulence model was applied. The cavity structure of the straight-through labyrinth seal, forming turbulence eddy flows in the groove, which is a valid approach to convert turbulence kinetic energy into thermal energy, reduce leakage mass flow.Practical implicationsThis research can provide the theoretical basis and technical support which is conducive to the practical application of the straight-through labyrinth seal in HSS.Social implicationsA new design structure is proposed to improve the bearing capacity and economic benefit of HSSs.Originality/valueA straight-through labyrinth seal is applied to the oil sealing belt and the three-control-volume governing equation is established.
In situ Raman spectroscopy study on the effect of antioxidants on high temperature oxidation properties of TMPTO
Authors: Cheng Bingxue , Duan Haitao , Jin Yongliang , Wei Lei , Dan Jia , Chen Song , Li Jian 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the thermal oxidation characteristics of the unsaturated bonds (C=C) of trimethylolpropane trioleate (TMPTO) and to reveal the high temperature oxidation decay mechanism of unsaturated esters and the nature of the anti-oxidation properties of the additives.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a DXR laser microscopic Raman spectrometer and Linkam FTIR600 temperature control platform, the isothermal oxidation experiments of TMPTO with or without 1.0 wt. % of different antioxidants were performed.

Findings
The results indicated that the Raman peaks of =C-H, C=C and -CH2- weaken gradually with prolonged oxidation time, and the corresponding Raman intensities drop rapidly at higher temperatures. The aromatic amine antioxidant can decrease the attenuation of peak intensity, as it significantly reduces the rate constant of C=C thermal oxidation. The hindered phenolic antioxidant has a protective effect during the early stages of oxidation (induction period), but it may accelerate the oxidation of C=C afterwards.

Originality/value
Research on the structure changes of synthetic esters during oxidation by Raman spectroscopy will be of great importance in promoting the use of Raman spectroscopy to analyze the oxidation of lubricants.
A practical process mining approach for compliance management
Authors: Becker Michael , Buchkremer Rüdiger 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine whether the compliance management activities in the risk management environment of financial institutions can be enhanced using a Process Mining application.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, an implementation procedure for a selected Process Mining application is developed and evaluated at a financial institution in Germany.FindingsThe evaluation of the process data with the Process Mining application Disco shows that the compliance of the real-life execution of business processes can be monitored in real-time. Moreover, potential non-compliant activities and durations can be analysed in a detailed manner.Research limitations/implicationsWhen the research results are regarded, it must be considered that a general condition for the usage of a Process Mining application is that the process data is available and exportable in the required format and that data privacy regulations are fulfilled.Originality/valueThis research presents a practical use case for the implementation of a Process Mining application at the risk management department of financial institutions. It shows the value of using a technical application to carry out tedious tasks that are usually executed manually. This value is discussed and compared with the aim to help financial institutions in determining how the effectiveness and efficiencies of compliance management activities can be improved. Therefore, this research can be taken as a foundation for the practical implementation of a Process Mining application at financial institutions.
Incorporating resilience determinants in supply chain network design model
Authors: Mikhail Mina , El-Beheiry Mohammed , Afia Nahid 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a decision tool that enables supply chain (SC) architects to design resilient SC networks (SCNs). Two resilience design determinants are considered: SC density and node criticality. The effect of considering these determinants on network structures is highlighted based on the ability to resist disruptions and how SC performance is affected.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-integer non-linear programming model is proposed as a proactive strategy to develop resilient structures; design determinants are formulated and considered as constraints. An upper limit is set for each determinant, and resistance capacity and performance of the developed structures are evaluated. These upper limits are then changed until SC performance stabilizes in case of no disruption.FindingsResilient SCN structures are achieved at relatively low design determinants levels on the expense of profit and without experiencing shortage in case of no disruption. This reduction in profit can be minimized on setting counter values for the two determinants; relatively higher SC density with lower node criticality or vice versa. At very low SC density levels, the design model will reduce the number of open facilities largely leading to only one facility open at each echelon; therefore, shortage occurs and vulnerability to disruption increases. On the other hand, at high determinants levels, SC vulnerability also increases as a result of having more geographically clustered structures with higher inbound and outbound flows for each facility.Originality/valueIn this paper, a novel proactive decision tool is adopted to design resilient SCNs. Previous literature used metrics for SC density and node criticality to assess resilience; in this research, determinants are incorporated directly as constraints in the design model. Results give insight to SC architects on how to set determinant values to reach resilient structures with minimum performance loss in case of no disruption.
Affirming and undermining motivations for reading and associations with reading comprehension, age and gender
Authors: van Steensel Roel , Oostdam Ron , van Gelderen Amos 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThere has been an increasing interest in negative or ‘undermining’ motivations for reading. In this study, we aimed to strengthen knowledge on the validity of the distinction between affirming and undermining motivations. First, we examined whether the structure of a questionnaire based on this distinction could be confirmed. Second, we examined the predictive value of undermining motivations for reading comprehension. Third, we studied moderator effects of gender and age.MethodsWe administered a reading motivation questionnaire and a reading comprehension test to 324 low‐achieving adolescents. The questionnaire included items on affirming and undermining motivations for school and leisure time reading: intrinsic motivation and avoidance, self‐efficacy and perceived difficulty.ResultsConfirmatory factor analyses supported the assumed structure of the questionnaire. Undermining motivations, particularly perceived difficulty, explained unique variance in reading achievement. Gender and age did not moderate effects of motivational variables.ConclusionsEducators need to be aware of the role of undermining motivations. Future research should examine if interventions can lead to the reduction of such motivations.
The Authority and Interpretation of Regulations
Authors: Edgar Andrew , Stack Kevin M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the past half century, governments have increasingly relied on regulations—secondary legislation issued by administrative bodies and departments—to impose obligations on private parties, multiplying the occasions for regulatory interpretation. This article develops a theory of regulatory interpretation. It argues that such a theory involves understanding the authority of regulations. Turning to the public law of the UK, US, and Australia, this article identifies an intriguing similarity; in each case, regulations have authority when they rationally and nonarbitrarily implement delegated power within the means permitted by statute. The article then argues that this account of regulatory authority justifies a common approach to interpretation in which the object of interpretation is the purpose the regulation seeks to implement, discerned from the regulation's text and accompanying explanation of its purpose, and constrained by background legal norms.
Pancreatic fat content may increase the risk of imaging progression in low‐risk branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
Authors: Kashiwagi Kazuhiro , Minami Kazuhiro , Seino Takashi , Hirata Kenro , Iwasaki Eisuke , Inoue Nagamu , Iwao Yasushi , Kanai Takanori 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo identify risk factors of imaging progression (increase in cyst size or main pancreatic duct size, or a new mural nodule) in low‐risk branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (BD‐IPMN), including obesity‐related factors such as pancreatic fat content.MethodsOur hospital databases were searched for patients who had completed health checkup, including upper abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over 48 months (August 2012 to July 2016). Individuals with BD‐IPMN without worrisome features and high‐risk stigmata who underwent surveillance with at least one follow‐up MRI, irrespective of the follow‐up period, were included. Pancreatic computed tomography attenuation indexes were defined as the difference between the pancreas and spleen attenuation (P ‐ S) and the pancreas to spleen attenuation ratio (P/S).ResultsAmong 75 patients diagnosed as having low‐risk BD‐IPMN, during a median follow‐up of 36 months, 11 (15%) had imaging progression in cyst size, including two with worrisome features. A multivariate logistic analysis showed that the initial cyst size and both indexes (P ‐ S, or P/S) were significantly associated with imaging progression in IPMN, respectively (Model 1: odds ratio [OR] 1.188, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.060‐1.331, P = 0.003; OR 0.871, 95% CI 0.776‐0.977, P = 0.019; Model 2: OR 1.186, 95% CI 1.064‐1.322, P = 0.002; OR 0.002, 95% CI 0.000‐0.970, P = 0.049).ConclusionsPancreatic fat content and initial cyst size were significantly associated with imaging progression in low‐risk BD‐IPMN. Revisions of international consensus Fukuoka guidelines might be customized based on initial cyst size and pancreatic fat content.