bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Hárdi Lilla 
Published: July 2019

"It has been a pleasure assisting in the progressive process of the Torture Journal with so many valuable articles on several research areas from authors with exceptional knowledge on the rehabilitation work of torture survivors. It was heartening to see how authors collaborate and engage with the editorial and peer review process, that can often be critical of their work. As this is my last editorial, I have to say good-bye as the Editor in Chief, but wish the new incumbent all the best for the continuing development of the Torture Journal"
Lilla Hárdi, MD, Editor in Chief
Measuring change and changing measures: The development of a torture survivor specific measure of change
Authors: Horn Rebecca , Keefe Andy 
Published: July 2019

Freedom from Torture is a UK-based human rights organisation dedicated to the treatment and rehabilitation of torture survivors. The organisation has been working towards the development of a clinical outcome tool for a number of years, and the purpose of this paper is to (a) describe the process of developing the tool and the final tool itself, and (b) to outline the system which Freedom from Torture has established to collect, record and analyse the data produced.
A review of the literature revealed that existing measures were not appropriate for measuring psychological and emotional change amongst torture survivors; therefore the organisation undertook to develop a tool specifically designed for this target group. The clinical outcome tool was developed collaboratively by Freedom from Torture clinicians, clients, interpreters and an external consultant. Initial discussions took place with clinicians and clients to develop an understanding of what psychosocial wellbeing and psychosocial distress meant to this unique population of torture survivors, and which issues and features should be included in the clinical outcome tool. A process of discussion and testing of potential approaches led to the development of a draft clinical outcome tool which was translated into 15 languages and then pilot tested with 151 clients.
The data from the pilot study was analysed and used to produce the final version of the clinical outcome tool. The clinical outcome tool was formally rolled out across the organisation’s five centres in April 2014. Clinicians working with adult clients have been completing it at the beginning of therapy and then again at regular intervals.
The data from the first year is currently being analysed, and the experiences of clinicians, clients and interpreters of using the clinical outcome tool are being reviewed, with a view to continuing to develop and improve the tool and the processes by which it is used. Ultimately, the data will be used to improve the services offered to survivors of torture in the UK.
Editorial – The Torture Journal: A home for all
Authors: Pérez-Sales Pau 
Published: July 2019

The presence and work of the previous Editor in Chief, Lilla Hárdi, lives on in this issue which is largely a reflection of her work.
With respect to the future, the members of the editorial team and the Editorial Advisory Board look forward to sharing some of the key ideas for the next steps in the history of the journal in the next issue. We can also look forward to the IRCT’s Scientific Symposium in Mexico in December with its more than 200 presentations. This is a unique opportunity to get a global picture of the field at this time, as well as reviewing past achievements and ways forward. Lastly and importantly, we wish to express again that we welcome and look forward to your contributions; the Torture Journal must strive to be a home for all.
Incommunicado detention and torture in Spain, Part I: The Istanbul Protocol Project in the Basque Country
Authors: Hárdi Lilla , Morentin Benito , Inmaculada Agirre , Inmaculada Albi , Andueza Oihana , Miren Arana , Maitane Arnoso , Olatz Barrenetxea , Barrios Oihana , LF Callado , Itziar Gandarias , Eulate Josefina García de , Gato Elena , Maitane Ibernia , Iturralde Matilde , Jordá Enric , Krakenberger Andres , Landa Mirena Jon , Legorburu Ixone , De Luzuriaga Nagore López , López Neyra G , Markez Iñaki , Medina Elena , Moreno-Pérez Ana , Navarro-Lashayas Migue , Pérez-Sales Pau , Plaza Mari Ángeles , Ruiz de Alegría Anabel , Velasco Teresa , Vidal Luisa , Walther Marc , Zalbidea Urko , Zuazua Julene 
Published: July 2019

There is increasing evidence to show that torture is a serious problem in the Basque Country. Whilst such evidence can be found in reports of international human rights monitoring bodies, sentences of Spanish and international courts, and empirical studies, they are limited in not having followed the Istanbul Protocol (IP) in order to evaluate the reliability of torture. A working group composed of professional associations of psychiatrists, psychologists, physicians, and lawyers, in collaboration with the University of the Basque Country, conducted a four-year study on the medical and psychological consequences of torture in incommunicado detainees, including an assessment of credibility in line with the IP. The methodological design included a multi-level peer-reviewed blind assessment and input by an external expert (from the Independent Forensic Expert Group facilitated by the International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (IRCT)). A sample of 45 Basque people held in short-term incommunicado detention under anti-terrorist legislation (between 1980 and 2012) in Spain who had reported ill-treatment or torture was selected.
The findings are divided into four papers: the present introductory paper; the second analyses the credibility of the allegations of torture and introduces an innovative methodology that enhances the IP, the Standardized Evaluation Form (SEC); the third provides an analysis of the methods of torture and introduces the concept of Torturing Environments; and, in the last paper, the psychological and psychiatric consequences of incommunicado detention are analyzed. The collection of papers are intended to be useful not only in the documentation of torture in the Basque Country and Spain but also as an innovative example of how the IP can be used for research purposes.
Incommunicado detention and torture in Spain, Part IV: Psychological and psychiatric consequences of ill-treatment and torture: trauma and human worldviewsi
Authors: Hárdi Lilla , Navarro-Lashayas Miguel Angel , Pérez-Sales Pau , Lopez-Neyra Gabriela , Martínez Maitane Arnoso , Morentin Benito 
Published: July 2019

Background: Most literature on psychological consequences of torture is related to prolonged detention. Psychological consequences of intensive physical and psychological torture in brief detention have not been investigated. The aim of this study is to analyse the psychological impact of torture in short-term incommunicado detention.
Method: A sample of 45 Basque people who had allegedly been subjected to ill-treatment or torture whilst held in incommunicado detention between two and 11 days in Spain in the period 1980-2012 was analysed. The period between detention and evaluation ranged between two and 12 years. Each case was evaluated by several psychiatrists and psychologists. Clinical interviews which followed the Istanbul Protocol were assessed, as were psychometric tests (Post-traumatic Checklist-Civilian version (PCL-C), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Vital Impact Assessment Questionnaire (VIVO)) and external documentary evidence. A cumulative prevalence of psychiatric diagnosis (ICD-10) from the period of detention was established.
Findings. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was the most frequent diagnosis (53%). Enduring personality change after a catastrophic experience was detected in 11% of subjects. Other diagnoses were depressive disorders (16%) and anxiety disorders (9%). Psychometric evaluation at the time of the study showed symptoms of PTSD in 52% of the subjects (with a tendency for these symptoms to diminish over time) and depressive symptoms in 56%. The VIVO questionnaire discerned two subgroups of survivors: “affected” survivors (36%); and “resilient” survivors (64%).
Interpretation. The data demonstrated two important issues: the undervalued damaging effect of intensive torture in short-term detention and the long-lasting psychological damage of the same over time.
Kanser Hastası Bulunan Ailelerde Hastalık Deneyimi ve Fertlerin Yaşam Bütünlüğünün Bozulmasına Etkisi / Illness Experience in the Families with Cancer Patients and its Effects on Biographical Disruption of Individuals
Authors: Yadigaroğlu Hüseyin 
Published: July 2019

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>While health scientists define diseases as a biological disorder or loss of function, social scientists define it as a cultural phenomenon constructed through interaction between people.<strong> </strong>This research discusses the<strong> </strong>illness experiences of the families with cancer patients and the way such experience affects the biographical disruption of the family members. In this study, experiences of the relatives of cancer patients have been problematized. This problematization has been made through the concept of biographical disruption. The research was carried out by using semi-structured interview technique with the relatives of the cancer patients treated at the Karadeniz Technical University Farabi Hospital. The sample consists of 24 relatives of patients. The data obtained were interpreted by using descriptive analysis technique. As a result of the research, it was determined that the first-degree relatives of patients (eg. spouse, child) experienced more biographical disruption than the other patient relatives (eg. uncle). In addition, it has been found that factors such as treatment method, occupation, gender and status shape the illness experience.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p class="xmsonormal">Sağlık bilimcileri hastalığı biyolojik bir rahatsızlık veya işlev kaybı olarak tanımlarken sosyal bilimciler hastalığı insanlar arası etkileşimle inşa edilen kültürel bir olgu olarak tanımlamaktadır. Araştırma kanser hastası bulunan ailelerin deneyimleri ve aile fertlerinin yaşam bütünlüğünün bu deneyimden nasıl etkilendiğini konu edinmektedir. Araştırmada, kanser hastalarının yakınlarının deneyimleri sorunsallaştırılmıştır. Söz konusu sorunsallaştırma yaşam bütünlüğünün bozulması (biographical disruption) kavramı üzerinden yapılmıştır. Araştırma Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Farabi Hastanesi’nde tedavi gören kanser hastalarının yakınlarıyla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılarak yapılmıştır.</p><p class="xmsonormal">Çalışma grubu 24 hasta yakınını kapsamaktadır. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılarak yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda birinci dereceden hasta yakınlarının (örneğin eş, çocuk) yaşam bütünlüğünün bozulmasını diğer hasta yakınlarından (örneğin amca) daha fazla deneyimledikleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca tedavi şekli, meslek, cinsiyet ve statü gibi unsurların hastalık deneyimini biçimlendirdiği verisine ulaşılmıştır.</p>
Modeling Count Data from Dependent Clusters with Poisson Mixed Models
Authors: A. N. K. Karunarathna K. , Wijekoon Pushpakanthie 
Published: July 2019

Responses collected from dependent clusters are affected by the dependence among clusters and it should be taken into account in modeling such responses. In this study, a new approach was evaluated to incorporate cluster dependence in generalized linear Poisson mixed models for count responses from dependent clusters. Performance of this approach was evaluated by using a simulation process under three different designs and different covariates. The Marginal Generalized Quasi-likelihood (GQL) method was used for estimation of parameters with the cluster dependence. Monte Carlo likelihood (MCL) and Penalized Quasi-likelihood (PQL) estimates also were obtained for the purpose of comparison. Proposed approach was tested with a real data set also.
The proposed approach, with the incorporation of cluster dependence, gives better estimates for both fixed effects and variance of random effects with low standard errors with compared to the estimates obtained by ignoring the cluster dependence. Therefore, the proposed approach can be used for modeling count responses from a dependent cluster set up.
Efficiency of Bayesian Approaches in Quantile Regression with Small Sample Size
Authors: Sayed-Ahmed Neveen 
Published: July 2019

Quantile regression is a statistical technique intended to estimate, and conduct inference about the conditional quantile functions. Just as the classical linear regression methods estimate model for the conditional mean function, quantile regression offers a mechanism for estimating models for the conditional median function, and the full range of other conditional quantile functions. In the Bayesian approach to variable selection prior distributions representing the subjective beliefs about the parameters are assigned to the regression coeﬃcients. The estimation of parameters and the selection of the best subset of variables is accomplished by using adaptive lasso quantile regression. In this paper we describe, compare, and apply the two suggested Bayesian approaches. The two suggested Bayesian suggested approaches are used to select the best subset of variables and estimate the parameters of the quantile regression equation when small sample sizes are used. Simulations show that the proposed approaches are very competitive in terms of variable selection, estimation accuracy and efficient when small sample sizes are used.
Bayesian Analysis of a Shape Parameter of the Weibull-Frechet Distribution
Authors: Godfrey Ieren Terna , Unna Chukwu Angela 
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we estimate a shape parameter of the Weibull-Frechet distribution by considering the Bayesian approach under two non-informative priors using three different loss functions. We derive the corresponding posterior distributions for the shape parameter of the Weibull-Frechet distribution assuming that the other three parameters are known. The Bayes estimators and associated posterior risks have also been derived using the three different loss functions. The performance of the Bayes estimators are evaluated and compared using a comprehensive simulation study and a real life application to find out the combination of a loss function and a prior having the minimum Bayes risk and hence producing the best results. In conclusion, this study reveals that in order to estimate the parameter in question, we should use quadratic loss function under either of the two non-informative priors used in this study.
Socioeconomic Impact of Establishment of University of Embu on Small Scale Farmers in Nthambo Sub-Location, Kenya
Authors: Jacqueline Akelo Gogo , Gitonga Ngari Cyrus 
Published: July 2019

The University of Embu is one of the fast developing and recently chartered University in Kenya. It is located in Nthambo sub-location, which is an agricultural potential area. Universities establishment have considerable influence on the activities of community that stays around it. Despite the fact that several studies have been conducted on the socioeconomic impact of establishment of different Universities to the community they reside in, a research on the socioeconomic impact of establishment of University of Embu on small scale farmers in their agricultural activities have never been done. Given that the University of Embu has been established on the agricultural potential area, this study sought to investigate the impact of the establishment of University of Embu on agricultural resources and productivity, describe the community diversity and living standards of the community. Methodology used in this research was descriptive survey design and stratified random sampling technique obtaining a sample of 100 households which was proportionate to the population. Using SPSS software for cross-tabulation, the results indicated that: the rate of both livestock and crop production have been declining with supporting evidence of (60.2%) and (66%) of the households respectively, the community was diverse (87.2%) with majority being university students (68.1%), most of the small scale farmers had access to electricity connection (78.1%), even though farming activity remains main economic activity of community within the area, it has been declining from (95.3%) to (53.2%), business activities have increased from (3.5%) to (41.5%), most of the households (54.3%) have constructed rental houses majorly to earn more money (70.2%). The researchers recommend that Embu County government should adopt a policy such that the communities surrounding University of Embu must develop, implement and enforce mechanisms for effective preservation of productive agricultural land (i.e. Urban growth boundaries, purchase of development rights, exclusive agricultural zoning among others).
Assessing the Potential of Using Satellite Data on Radiation in the Analysis of Earth’s Climate System to Complement the Scarce Radiation Data Measured from the Ground Stations
Authors: Onyaga Collins Ochieng , Wanyonyi Samson W. , Stern Roger 
Published: July 2019

High quality solar radiation data is required for the appropriate monitoring and analysis of the Earth’s climate system as well as efficient planning and operation of solar energy systems. However, well maintained radiation measurements are rare in many regions of the world. Therefore, satellite-derived radiation estimates are an alternative to these scarce solar radiation measurements from the weather stations. Satellite estimates of solar radiation have an advantage over solar radiation measurements from weather stations because of their high spatial and temporal resolutions. These satellite radiation estimates at approximately 5-6 Km resolution derived from geostationary Meteosat satellites are available through the EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facilities (SAFs). CM-SAF (SAF on Climate Monitoring) provides consistent dataset of hourly, daily and monthly solar radiation from 1983 to 2013. In this study, we examined the potential of using satellite estimates of solar radiation to fill in the data gaps in records from the weather stations as well as the areas where radiation data is not available. The analysis carried out showed that the satellite data had fewer missing values than the ground data, and that they are both similar in distribution. The average correlation between the two data sets was found to be 0.71 for both monthly and daily analysis. However, the month of September showed a very low correlation of 0.21. Mean percentage error, mean bias error and mean absolute deviation were found to be 2.46, 18.84, 50.32 and 3.08, 559.87, 1135.93 for daily and monthly analysis, respectively.
The solar radiation distribution in Dodoma was found to follow Weibull distribution throughout the year.
Fitting Probability Distribution Function to Malaria Incidence Data
Authors: Mbete Drinold , Nyongesa Kennedy , Rotich Joseph 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Malaria remains a major infectious disease that affects millions of people. Once infected with Plasmodium parasites, a host can develop a broad range of clinical presentations, which result from complex interactions between factors derived from the host, the parasite and the environment. Malaria has historically been a very serious health problem and currently poses the most significant threat to the health of Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology students, data shows that more than 70% percent of pediatric cases are due to malaria.
Methodology: Hence, the study aimed to fit malaria incidences dataset for the period 1st January, 2013 to 31st December, 2015. Data on monthly malaria incidence was obtained from the Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology health service. Gamma, Weibull and Lognormal Distributions were employed to fit the malaria incidence dataset using R-software.
Results: High malaria incidences were observed in the months of August, September and November. AIC values results showed that lognormal distribution had the lowest AIC value of 185.9875 followed by the Gamma distribution with a value of 187.8815 and then the Weibull distribution with a value of 188.7271. This confirmed the lognormal distribution to be the best fitting distribution for the malaria incidence dataset
Conclusion: The Poisson regression model did not accurately fit the data on malaria incidences due to over dispersion in the data but lognormal distribution was a better fit compared to gamma and Weibull distribution.
On Properties and Applications of Lomax-Gompertz Distribution
Authors: Omale A. , Asiribo O. E. , Yahaya A. 
Published: July 2019

This article introduces a new distribution called the Lomax-Gompertz distribution developed through a Lomax Generator proposed in an earlier study. Some statistical properties of the proposed distribution comprising moments, moment generating function, characteristics function, quantile function and the distribution of order statistics were derived. The plots of the probability density function revealed that it is positively skewed. The model parameters have been estimated using the method of maximum likelihood. The plot the of survival function indicates that the Lomax-Gompertz distribution could be used to model time or age-dependent data, where probability of survival is believed to be decreasing with time or age. The performance of the Lomax-Gompertz distribution has been compared to other generalizations of the Gompertz distribution using three real-life datasets used in earlier researches.
Adolescents’ Coping Strategies Influence Their Psychosocial Well-Being
Authors: Zammuner Vanda L. 
Published: July 2019

Aims: Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by many physical, psychological and social transformations, eliciting experiences of emotional arousal that might increase psychopathology risk (e.g. affective and behavioral disorders). The study tested adolescents' use of coping strategies and their psychosocial well-being.
Methods: Participants (N 1060) were Italian students, 14 to 21 years old, attending senior high school or first years of university, who completed a survey. Psychosocial well-being, and its relation to coping strategy use, was assessed by measuring subjective health perception, life satisfaction, positive and negative felt affect, emotional and social loneliness.
Results: Adolescents were found to use the healthier strategies of Seeking social support, Problem Orientation, and Positive attitude more than the less functional strategy of Avoidance; a Transcending Orientation was also not much reported. Preferences for strategy type formed a coherent pattern - e.g., Problem Orientation was positively associated with Positive attitude. Preferences for strategy type were significantly associated to well-being levels in the expected direction. Avoidance was found to be the most important coping strategy, negatively associated with most well-being indicators, e.g. predicting greater Emotional loneliness, and lower perceived Health; vice versa, Seeking social support and Problem solving were associated with lesser Social loneliness and higher levels of Positive affect and Life satisfaction. Although result patterns were quite similar across age groups and sex, some differences were observed.
Conclusion: Preferences for more or less functional coping strategies impact on well-being, suggesting that a better understanding of these processes in adolescence and early adulthood may help us understand individual differences in mental health and adjustment.