bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mn Doping at High‐Activity Octahedral Vacancies of γ‐Fe2O3 for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysis in Metal‐Air Batteries
Authors: Qiu Liuzhe , Wu Zhong , Liu Yingjie , Qin Zhenbo , Liu Yichun , Zhang Jinfeng , Deng Yida , Hu Wenbin 
Published: December 2024

Abstractγ‐Fe2O3 with the intrinsic cation vacancies is an ideal substrate for heteroatom doping into the highly active octahedral sites in spinel oxide catalysts. However, it is still a challenge to confirm the vacancy location of γ‐Fe2O3 through experiments and obtain enhanced catalytic performance by preferential occupation of octahedral sites for heteroatom doping. Here, a Mn‐doped γ‐Fe2O3 incorporated with carbon nanotubes catalyst was developed to successfully achieve preferential doping into highly active octahedral sites by employing γ‐Fe2O3 as the precursor. Further, the vacancy in γ‐Fe2O3 was only located on octahedral sites rather than tetrahedral ones, which was first proved by direct experimental evidence through the clarification doping sites of Mn. Notably, the catalyst shows outstanding activity towards oxygen reduction reaction with the half‐wave potential of 0.82 V and 0.64 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode in alkaline and neutral electrolytes, respectively, as well as the maximum power density of 179 mWcm−2 and 403 mWcm−2 for Mg‐air batteries and Al‐air batteries, respectively. It could be attributed to the synergistic effect of the doping Mn on octahedral sites and the substrate γ‐Fe2O3 along with the modification of the adsorption/desorption properties for oxygen‐containing intermediates as well as the optimization of the reaction energy barriers.
Artificial Gold Enzymes Using a Genetically Encoded Thiophenol‐Based Noble‐Metal‐Binding Ligand
Authors: Veen Mathijs J. , Aalbers Friso S. , Rozeboom Henriëtte J. , Thunnissen Andy‐Mark W. H. , Sauer Daniel F. , Roelfes Gerard 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIncorporating noble metals in artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) is challenging due to the lack of suitable soft coordinating ligands among natural amino acids. We present a new class of ArMs featuring a genetically encoded noble‐metal‐binding site based on a non‐canonical thiophenol‐based amino acid, 4‐mercaptophenylalanine (pSHF), incorporated in the transcriptional regulator LmrR through stop codon suppression. We demonstrate that pSHF is an excellent ligand for noble metals in their low oxidation states. The corresponding gold(I) enzyme was characterised by mass spectrometry, UV/Vis spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography and successfully catalysed hydroamination reactions of 2‐ethynyl anilines with turnover numbers over 50. Interestingly, two equivalents of gold(I) per protein dimer proved to be required for activity. Up to 98 % regioselectivity in the hydroamination of an ethynylphenylurea substrate was observed, yielding the corresponding phenyl‐dihydroquinazolinone product, consistent with a π‐activation mechanism by single gold centres. The ArM was optimized by site saturation mutagenesis using an on‐bead screening protocol. This resulted in a single mutant that showed higher activity for one class of substrates. This work brings the power of noble‐metal catalysis into the realm of enzyme engineering and establishes thiophenols as alternative ligands for noble metals, providing new opportunities in coordination chemistry and catalysis.
Enhancing pectin's antioxidant properties through ferulic acid grafting: Application in olive oil‐in‐water emulsion
Authors: Feng Simin , Bi Ming , Yu Jiahao , Lin Yang , Hileuskaya Kseniya , Shao Ping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn order to improve pectin antioxidant properties and enlarge the field of its potential applications, ferulic acid grafted pectin conjugates (PE‐g‐FA) were prepared using laccase as the catalyst at 30°C in an aqueous medium. The structures of PE‐g‐FA were characterized using UV–vis, FTIR, and NMR (1H and 13C). In addition, the antioxidant activity of PE‐g‐FA was evaluated according to the DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging ability. Olive oil in water emulsions, containing emulsifiers WPI and PE‐g‐FA, were assessed for their physical and oxidative stability through particle size, zeta‐potential, peroxide value (POV), and 2‐thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) formation. The results indicated that the formation of covalent bonds between the pectin carboxymethyl groups and FA hydroxyl group. The determination of the total phenolic content showed that PE‐g‐FA contained seven times more polyphenols than native PE. DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging rate of 0.5HMP‐g‐FA were increased by 56.83% and 18.90% compared with HMP, respectively. In addition, the emulsion stabilized by WPI and 0.5HMP‐g‐FA showed smallest and uniform average particle size (855.9 ± 51.13 nm) on the 1st day. Although its POV value was slightly higher than that of emulsion stabilized by WPI and HMP, it was much lower than that of control groups. Overall, these results have important implications for enzymatic modification of pectin to obtain high antioxidant products and their application in pectin‐based emulsions.
Post‐Print Processing to Minimize Cytotoxicity of 3D‐Printed Photopolymer Resins for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Brooks Anne Katherine , Yadavalli Vamsi K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLight‐based 3D printing techniques, including stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP), are of great utility owing to their ability to create complex geometries with high speed, high spatial resolution, and often, optical transparency. These are useful for fabricating custom components and structures for various biomedical applications—scaffolds, implants, microfluidic devices, in vitro cellular experiments, etc. However, a drawback of light‐based methods is that uncured resin monomers and other additives have the potential for cytotoxic effects, adversely impacting cells and tissues. In this study, we investigate a facile method to process light‐based 3D printing to mitigate cytotoxicity. Three optically clear, photocurable resins—a commercially available acrylate‐based resin, BioMed Clear, and an ecoresin derived from soybean oil—are subjected to various post‐treatment protocols. These involve combinations of isopropanol (IPA) washing, UV curing, and water or IPA agitation. The in vitro cytotoxicity and effect on cell proliferation are characterized using two cell lines (myoblasts and fibroblasts). Compared to untreated controls, IPA or water wash, and cleaning with a commercial developer, the results indicate that a short postprint cure with double IPA wash effectively reduces cytotoxicity across all resins, particularly BioMed Clear and ecoresin, maintaining nearly 100% cell viability after 7 days and avoiding material cloudiness or brittleness. The study therefore highlights a low‐cost postprint treatment method applicable to existing commercial resins and 3D printers. The minimization in leachate and cytotoxicity of optically clear 3D‐printed parts can pave the way for broader adoption in resource‐limited settings and safer use in cell studies, microfluidics, and other biomedical applications.
Safe diagnosis of pattern faults of stochastic discrete‐event systems and verification algorithm
Authors: Zhu Hongzhen , Liu Fuchun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn many real‐world applications, faults often result from specific events occurring in succession (i.e., pattern faults) rather than from a single failure event. This paper investigates the safe diagnosis of pattern faults in stochastic discrete‐event systems (SDESs). First, the notions of
‐type and
‐type pattern safe diagnosability for SDESs are formalized. Roughly speaking, a stochastic automaton is called
‐type (or
‐type) pattern safe diagnosable if the detection of
‐type (or
‐type) pattern faults is achieved with high probability (i.e., the probability of not detecting pattern faults is sufficiently low) before the system performs risky actions. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the pattern safe diagnosability of SDESs are then presented after constructing a pattern safe diagnoser and recognizer of a forbidden language from a given stochastic system. Consequently, an algorithm for verifying the pattern safe diagnosability of SDESs is proposed, demonstrating how the pattern‐safe diagnoser can be used for the safe diagnosis of pattern faults.
Visible‐Light‐Induced C(sp2)─P Cross‐Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Boron Carbonitride
Authors: Wang Rong , Liu Xin , Hou Hao , Zheng Meifang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA visible‐light‐induced protocol has been developed for the construction of C(sp2)─P bonds with heterogeneous boron carbonitrides (BCN). The system features with broad scope and mild reaction conditions, providing various aryl phosphates in moderate to good yields from arenes and aryl halides. Mechanism studies verify a radical process, and C─H bond cleavage is not involved in the rate‐determined step. Furthermore, the strategy allows the late‐stage phosphonation of biologically active compounds and facilitates gram‐scale synthesis, which offers a metal‐free arene for valuable phosphorus‐containing compounds.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Advanced Electrochemical Ammonia Production in Water
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Yang Zeying , Otake Ken‐ichi , Guo Jiahui , Yang Xuetong , Xue Ziqian , Yao Ming‐Shui , Kitagawa Susumu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSustainable ammonia synthesis, a key focus in electrochemistry, has seen significant advancements with the emergence of Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs). This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the recent strides in MOF‐based materials for green ammonia production, reflecting the urgency to develop eco‐friendly and energy‐efficient chemical commodities. It explores the reaction mechanisms, emphasizing the importance of structure‐performance relationships in MOF optimization and the design of MOF‐based electrocatalysts, including metal node engineering and hybrid materials. The review also highlights in‐situ characterization techniques that are crucial for understanding MOF catalytic activity. It establishes a correlation between MOF features, synthesis methods, and material performance, showcasing their potential in catalysis. Finally, it identifies challenges and future directions for MOFs in green ammonia production, aiming to inspire innovation towards sustainable and economically viable processes.
Economically Scalable Cu‐based MOFs: Vital Role of Structural Integrity towards Selectivity on Azeotropic Ethanol Dehydration
Authors: Inchongkol Yollada , Adpakpang Kanyaporn , Ponchai Panyapat , Atithep Thassanant , Chitterisin Nattamon , Ittisanronnachai Somlak , Butburee Teera , Bureekaew Sareeya 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA facile, green, and economical method for the scalable synthesis of hydrophilic copper‐triazole metal‐organic frameworks (Cu‐trz) is demonstrated. Numerous open metal sites within the highly crystalline porous structure of Cu‐trz are generated through mild thermal activation, enabling its application in liquid‐phase ethanol dehydration under ambient conditions. The frameworks with distinct crystallinity and particle sizes were achieved by modifying the synthesis process. The high crystallinity of the framework plays an exclusive role in enhancing water adsorption capacity. With selective water adsorption comparable to commercial zeolite 3 A, Cu‐trz MOF emerges as a promising candidate for cost‐effective water‐ethanol separation.
Novel Class of Ambipolar Columnar Liquid Crystals Based on Cyclic Dipeptide and Isatin Hybrids
Authors: Ahmed Rahul , Kumar Behera Paresh , K N Anjana , B Anitha , Patra Alakananda , Kumar Sandeep , Namboothiry Manoj AG , Sudhakar Achalkumar Ammathnadu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA new class of cyclic dipeptide‐isatin hybrids was synthesized using 2,5‐diketopiperazine and various isatin derivatives bearing flexible chains and extended aromatic rings in a double Knoevenagel condensation process. These new series demonstrate high solubility and good thermal stability with decomposition temperatures exceeding 370 °C, especially the molecular design with efficient space‐filling (CI5 and CI6) stabilized columnar liquid crystalline phase. The hole and electron carrier mobility of the CI5 compound, measured using the space charge limited current (SCLC) technique, were found to be 9.46×10−4 cm2/V.s and 7.88×10−4 cm2/V.s respectively. The stabilization of columnar self‐assembly and observation of ambipolar charge carrier mobility in cyclic dipeptide‐isatin hybrids make them a promising class of self‐assembling organic semiconductors.
The Trauma‐Related Voices Model: An Integration of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations and Posttraumatic Stress
Authors: Strachan Laura P. , Paulik Georgie , McEvoy Peter M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMany trauma‐affected voice hearers report comorbid posttraumatic stress and voices (auditory verbal hallucinations) that are directly (voices repeat phrases spoken by perpetrators) or indirectly (voice content and trauma are thematically similar) related to their trauma. Models of PTSD and positive symptoms of psychosis are insufficient in explaining the comorbidity between PTSD and voices, and interventions based on these models have limited effectiveness in treating voices. This study presents a model that generates novel research into the factors underlying trauma‐related voices that may inform effective interventions. Maintaining factors from existing models of PTSD and positive symptoms were combined into an integrative model of trauma‐related voices. Theorised relationships between factors were used to identify possible differential pathways to direct and indirect voices. An integrative, trauma‐related voices (TRV) model was developed that identifies multiple causal pathways to trauma‐related voices. A future research agenda is proposed to test novel hypotheses based on the integrative model. The TRV model is a practical tool for complex case conceptualisation and generates novel hypotheses that may inform more effective treatments. Future studies are needed to test elements of the TRV model and should recruit transdiagnostic samples with diverse posttraumatic stress and voice hearing symptoms.
Harmonizing ESG in a local context; integrating social dimension and Kekeluargaan values in the context of Indonesia culture
Authors: Hermawan Marko Sebira , Handoyo Alan Darma Saputra 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe increasing emphasis on sustainability in the globalized era has made it a crucial focus for the business sector, which is progressively adopting sustainable practices. Sustainability reporting, particularly in the context of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria, has become vital for companies to disclose their performance and commitment to sustainability. Drawing on existing literature in ESG and sustainability reporting, the research highlights the gap in current practices that overlook social dimensions embedded in local cultures. Kekeluargaan, a term rooted in Indonesian culture, refers to familialism that emphasizes mutual respect, collective responsibility, and harmony within a community or organization. This value is central to organizational behavior in Indonesia and is crucial for understanding local social dimensions of ESG reporting. The study employs a phenomenological approach, involving document analysis and semi‐structured interviews with key stakeholders to understand how Kekeluargaan values can be harmonized with sustainability reporting. Findings reveal that enhancement of Kekeluargaan into sustainability practices enhances organizational cohesion and social responsibility, improving overall ESG performance. The study recommends that companies incorporate local cultural values into their sustainability frameworks to create more holistic and culturally relevant reporting. This approach aligns with global sustainability goals and strengthens the internal organizational culture, leading to long‐term benefits in both social and corporate governance domains.
Harbour Porpoises Are Flexible Predators Displaying Context‐Dependent Foraging Behaviours
Authors: Stedt Johanna , Hamel Héloïse , Torres Ortiz Sara , Højer Kristensen Jakob , Wahlberg Magnus 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTOpportunistic mobile predators can adapt their behaviour to specific foraging scenarios, allowing them to target diverse prey resources. An interesting example is the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), a marine mammal with a huge energy demand feeding on a large variety of fish, squid and shrimps. Little is known about the foraging behaviour of harbour porpoises, as observations of wild specimens are notoriously difficult to obtain. In this study, foraging was identified in almost 60% of videos from UAV recordings in Danish coastal waters during daylight hours. Observations reveal them to be flexible predators, foraging on both single fish and schools of fish, as well as individually and in groups of varying sizes. We argue that some of the observed behavioural adaptations and context‐dependent strategies for prey capture are based on information transfer and social learning. Our results provide unprecedented insights into the foraging behaviour of an opportunistic mammalian predator. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of porpoises having access to coastal areas for energy acquisition, where they are in conflict with anthropogenic disturbances such as fisheries with the risk of bycatch.
Territorial and Non‐Territorial Subpopulations of Wilson's Warblers Return to Central California Breeding Grounds in Two Migratory Waves
Authors: Gilbert William M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEarly migratory return for territorial passerines is important, since earlier return results in better territories, and greater reproductive success. Many passerine studies have found that migratory return dates for first‐breeding‐season (SY) individuals was a week or less later than for older (ASY) birds. Many of both ASY and SY birds in these studies became territorial, although more SY than ASY birds became non‐territorial floaters. In this study of Wilson's Warblers, however, nearly all individuals returning early and becoming territorial were ASY birds, and very few were SY birds. However, second waves of returning Wilson's Warblers, containing both SY and ASY birds, returned about 3–5 weeks after the first migratory waves, and no males in those second waves ever became territorial. No later‐returning, second‐wave female initially ever became territorial either, although some subsequently became replacement mates for earlier‐returning males. Some male Wilson's Warblers were territorial, and others were non‐territorial, during all of their study‐area years. However, some males switched status over successive years, and migratory return when non‐territorial always was several weeks later than when territorial. Findings from this study indicated, for some males during some years, that non‐territoriality was more adaptive than was territoriality. This study's finding, of 3–5 week later migratory return waves for non‐territorial, than for territorial, Wilson's Warblers, supports findings by Stewart (1973), that Wilson's Warblers return to breeding grounds in two migratory waves. Findings from both studies may provide empirical evidence supporting Kokko's (1999) hypothesis that migratory birds, not competing for territories, should return to breeding grounds later, on their “cost‐minimizing dates.”
Drivers of biomass stocks and productivity of tropical secondary forests
Authors: Matsuo Tomonari , Poorter Lourens , van der Sande Masha T. , Mohammed Abdul Salim , Koyiba Dieudonne Wedaga , Opoku Justice , de Wit Bas , Kuzee Tijs , Amissah Lucy 
Published: December 2024

AbstractYoung tropical secondary forests play an important role in the local and global carbon cycles because of their large area and rapid biomass accumulation rates. This study examines how environmental conditions and forest attributes shape biomass compartments and the productivity of young tropical secondary forests. We compared 36 young secondary forest stands that differed in the time since agricultural land abandonment (2.3–3.6 years) from dry and wet regions in Ghana. We quantified biomass stocks in living and dead stems, roots, and soil, and aboveground biomass and litter productivity. We used structural equation models to evaluate how macroclimate, soil nutrients (N, P), and forest attributes (structure, diversity, and functional composition) affect ecosystem functioning. After three years of succession, tropical wet forests stored on average 115 t biomass ha−1 (the sum of aboveground living and dead biomass, belowground fine root biomass, and soil organic matter), and dry forests stored 99 t ha−1. These values represent 31% (in the wet forest) and 39% (in the dry forest) of the biomass compared with neighboring old‐growth forests. The majority of forest ecosystem biomass was stored in the soil (70%) and aboveground living vegetation (25%). Macroclimate strongly shaped forest attributes, which in turn determined biomass stocks and productivity. Soil phosphorus strongly increased litter production and soil organic matter, confirming that it is a limiting element in tropical ecosystems. Tree density and species diversity increased forest biomass stocks, suggesting crown packing and complementary resource use enhance forest functioning. A more conservative trait composition (high wood density) increased biomass stocks but reduced productivity, indicating that quantity, identity, and quality of species affect ecosystem functioning.
eDNA Metabarcoding, a Promising Tool for Monitoring Aquatic Biodiversity in the Estuaries of Reunion Island (South‐West Indian Ocean)
Authors: Jannel Lou‐Anne , Guilhaumon François , Valade Pierre , Chabanet Pascale , Borie Guillaume , Grondin Henri , Jourand Philippe 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTReunion Island is in the South‐West Indian Ocean (SWIO), where all freshwater fish species are diadromous. The ecological status assessments of freshwater in watersheds have revealed a continuing deterioration in these fish populations due to anthropic pressures. In this context, monitoring the fish's biological sustainability is crucial to ensure the health of these estuarine ecosystems. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of conventional electrofishing monitoring (EF) with the environmental DNA metabarcoding tool to evaluate fish biodiversity in the estuaries. We measured the diversity and structure of the fish community in three estuaries with various geographical, hydrological, and anthropogenic conditions over different seasons. To this end, fish were captured by EF, and we then isolated DNA from the water samples to perform bioinformatic analyses derived from eDNA, using the 12S marker. Statistical analyses were carried out to compare the results of these two methods. For all watersheds combined, a comparison of the results for measuring fish richness showed that eDNA performed significantly better than EF. Indeed, the eDNA detected 31 species, whereas the EF detected only 12 species. For both methods, we observed significant differences in community structure between watersheds, with a significant nestedness phenomenon where the fish assemblage obtained from EF captures is a sub‐assemblage of that obtained from eDNA. Moreover, compared to EF, eDNA enabled the detection of endemic to the Mascarene region species (e.g., Cotylopus acutipinnis), introduced exotic species (e.g., Oreochromis niloticus), and species difficult to capture and identify due to their juvenile life stage through EF (e.g., Anguilla sp.). Our data confirm the effectiveness of eDNA to detect fish species, both taxonomically and in terms of species richness and proves to be an effective tool for monitoring fish diversity of the islands of the SWIO.