bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Musk‐Smelling Macrocyclic Lactones from Biomass: Looking for the Optimal Substrate Combination
Authors: Sytniczuk Adrian , Leszczyńska Agnieszka , Kajetanowicz Anna , Grela Karol 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMacrocyclic musk belongs to a well‐known and valued class of the fragrance family. Originally, natural musks were obtained from rectal musk glands which often led to the death of the animals. Recently, a lot of effort was invested to obtain such macrocycles in a synthetic way. This research presents a study on the preparation of macrocyclic lactones with the musk scent by ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) using biomass‐derived starting materials: oleic and 9‐decenoic acid. An experimental rule correlating the C–C double bond substitution pattern in the starting diene and the yield for the RCM macrocyclization was proposed.
Tuning the Amount of Oxygen Vacancies in Sputter‐Deposited SnOx films for Enhancing the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ali Fawad , Pham Ngoc Duy , Bradford H. Jonathan , Khoshsirat Nima , Ostrikov Ken , Bell John M. , Wang Hongxia , Tesfamichael Tuquabo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis work demonstrates the effect of oxygen vacancies in SnOx thin films on the performance of perovskite solar cells. Various SnOx films with different amounts of oxygen vacancies were deposited by sputtering at different substrate temperatures (25–300 °C). The transmittance of the films decreased from 82 to 66 % with increasing deposition temperature from 25 to 300 °C. Both X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron‐spin resonance spectroscopy confirmed that a higher density of oxygen vacancies was created within the SnOx film at a high substrate temperature, which caused narrowing of the SnOx bandgap from 4.1 (25 °C) to 3.74 eV (250 °C). Combined ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and UV/Vis spectroscopy showed an excellent conduction band position alignment between the methylammonium lead iodide perovskite layer (3.90 eV) and the SnOx electron transport layer deposited at 250 °C (3.92 eV). As a result, a significant enhancement of the open‐circuit voltage from 0.82 to 1.0 V was achieved, resulting in an increase of the power conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cells from 11 to 14 %. This research demonstrated a facile approach for controlling the amount of oxygen vacancies in SnOx thin films to achieve a desirable energy alignment with the perovskite absorber layer for enhanced device performance.
Fault diagnosis and its prediction in wireless sensor networks using regressional learning to achieve fault tolerance
Authors: Swain Rakesh Ranjan , Khilar Pabitra Mohan , Dash Tirtharaj 
Published: July 2018

SummaryDue to the wide range of critical applications and resource constraints, sensor node gives unexpected responses, which leads to various kind of faults in sensor node and failure in wireless sensor networks. Many research studies focus only on fault diagnosis, and comparatively limited studies have been conducted on fault diagnosis along with fault tolerance in sensor networks. This paper reports a complete study on both 2 aspects and presents a fault tolerance approach using regressional learning with fault diagnosis in wireless sensor networks. The proposed method diagnose the different types of faulty nodes such as hard permanent, soft permanent, intermittent, and transient faults with better detection accuracy. The proposed method follows a fault tolerance phase where faulty sensor node values would be predicted by using the data sensed by the fault free neighbors. The experimental evaluation of the fault tolerance module shows promising results with R2 of more than 0.99. For the periodic fault such as intermittent fault, the proposed method also predict the possible occurrence time and its duration of the faulty node, so that fault tolerance can be achieved at that particular time period for better performance of the network.
Genomic mosaicism in the developing and adult brain
Authors: Rohrback Suzanne , Siddoway Benjamin , Liu Christine S. , Chun Jerold 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTSince the discovery of DNA, the normal developing and functioning brain has been assumed to be composed of cells with identical genomes, which remains the dominant view even today. However, this pervasive assumption is incorrect, as proven by increasing numbers of reports within the last 20 years that have identified multiple forms of somatically produced genomic mosaicism (GM), wherein brain cells—especially neurons—from a single individual show diverse alterations in DNA, distinct from the germline. Critically, these changes alter the actual DNA nucleotide sequences—in contrast to epigenetic mechanisms—and almost certainly contribute to the remarkably diverse phenotypes of single brain cells, including single‐cell transcriptomic profiles. Here, we review the history of GM within the normal brain, including its major forms, initiating mechanisms, and possible functions. GM forms include aneuploidies and aneusomies, smaller copy number variations (CNVs), long interspersed nuclear element type 1 (LINE1) repeat elements, and single nucleotide variations (SNVs), as well as DNA content variation (DCV) that reflects all forms of GM with greatest coverage of large, brain cell populations. In addition, technical considerations are examined, along with relationships among GM forms and multiple brain diseases. GM affecting genes and loci within the brain contrast with current neural discovery approaches that rely on sequencing nonbrain DNA (e.g., genome‐wide association studies (GWAS)). Increasing knowledge of neural GM has implications for mechanisms of development, diversity, and function, as well as understanding diseases, particularly considering the overwhelming prevalence of sporadic brain diseases that are unlinked to germline mutations. © 2018 The Authors. Developmental Neurobiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2018
Transplantation of Ears Provides Insights into Inner Ear Afferent Pathfinding Properties
Authors: Gordy Clayton , Straka Hans , Houston Douglas W. , Fritzsch Bernd , Elliott Karen L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNumerous tissue transplantations have demonstrated that otocysts can develop into normal ears in any location in all vertebrates tested thus far, though the pattern of innervation of these transplanted ears has largely been understudied. Here, expanding on previous findings that transplanted ears demonstrate capability of local brainstem innervation and can also be innervated themselves by efferents, we show that inner ear afferents grow toward the spinal cord mostly along existing afferent and efferent fibers and preferentially enter the dorsal spinal cord. Once in the dorsal funiculus of the spinal cord, they can grow toward the hindbrain and can diverge into vestibular nuclei. Inner ear afferents can also project along lateral line afferents. Likewise, lateral line afferents can navigate along inner ear afferents to reach hair cells in the ear. In addition, transplanted ears near the heart show growth of inner ear afferents along epibranchial placode‐derived vagus afferents. Our data indicate that inner ear afferents can navigate in foreign locations, likely devoid of any local ear‐specific guidance cues, along existing nerves, possibly using the nerve‐associated Schwann cells as substrate to grow along. However, within the spinal cord and hindbrain, inner ear afferents can navigate to vestibular targets, likely using gradients of diffusible factors that define the dorso‐ventral axis to guide them. Finally, afferents of transplanted ears functionally connect to native hindbrain vestibular circuitry, indicated by eliciting a startle behavior response, and providing excitatory input to specific sets of extraocular motoneurons.
The Role of Axon Transport in Neuroprotection and Regeneration
Authors: Shah Sahil H. , Goldberg Jeffrey L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRetinal ganglion cells and other central nervous system neurons fail to regenerate after injury. Understanding the obstacles to survival and regeneration, and overcoming them, is key to preserving and restoring function. While comparisons in the cellular changes seen in these non‐regenerative cells with those that do have intrinsic regenerative ability has yielded many candidate genes for regenerative therapies, complete visual recovery has not yet been achieved. Insights gained from neurodegenerative diseases, like glaucoma, underscore the importance of axonal transport of organelles, mRNA, and effector proteins in injury and disease. Targeting molecular motor networks, and their cargoes, may be necessary for realizing complete axonal regeneration and vision restoration.
Genetic structuring in a Neotropical palm analyzed through an Andean orogenesis‐scenario
Authors: Escobar Sebastián , Pintaud Jean‐Christophe , Balslev Henrik , Bernal Rodrigo , Moraes Ramírez Mónica , Millán Betty , Montúfar Rommel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAndean orogenesis has driven the development of very high plant diversity in the Neotropics through its impact on landscape evolution and climate. The analysis of the intraspecific patterns of genetic structure in plants would permit inferring the effects of Andean uplift on the evolution and diversification of Neotropical flora. In this study, using microsatellite markers and Bayesian clustering analyses, we report the presence of four genetic clusters for the palmOenocarpus batauavar.batauawhich are located within four biogeographic regions in northwestern South America: (a) Chocó rain forest, (b) Amotape‐Huancabamba Zone, (c) northwestern Amazonian rain forest, and (d) southwestern Amazonian rain forest. We hypothesize that these clusters developed following three genetic diversification events mainly promoted by Andean orogenic events. Additionally, the distinct current climate dynamics among northwestern and southwestern Amazonia may maintain the genetic diversification detected in the western Amazon basin. Genetic exchange was identified between the clusters, including across the Andes region, discarding the possibility of any cluster to diversify as a distinct intraspecific variety. We identified a hot spot of genetic diversity in the northern Peruvian Amazon around the locality of Iquitos. We also detected a decrease in diversity with distance from this area in westward and southward direction within the Amazon basin and the eastern Andean foothills. Additionally, we confirmed the existence and divergence ofO. batauavar.batauafrom var.oligocarpusin northern South America, possibly expanding the distributional range of the latter variety beyond eastern Venezuela, to the central and eastern Andean cordilleras of Colombia. Based on our results, we suggest that Andean orogenesis is the main driver of genetic structuring and diversification inO. batauawithin northwestern South America.
A subset of chemosensory genes differs between two populations of a specialized leaf beetle after host plant shift
Authors: Wang Ding , Pentzold Stefan , Kunert Maritta , Groth Marco , Brandt Wolfgang , Pasteels Jacques M. , Boland Wilhelm , Burse Antje 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDue to its fundamental role in shaping host selection behavior, we have analyzed the chemosensory repertoire of Chrysomela lapponica. This specialized leaf beetle evolved distinct populations which shifted from the ancestral host plant, willow (Salix sp., Salicaceae), to birch (Betula rotundifolia, Betulaceae). We identified 114 chemosensory candidate genes in adult C. lapponica: 41 olfactory receptors (ORs), eight gustatory receptors, 17 ionotropic receptors, four sensory neuron membrane proteins, 32 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), and 12 chemosensory proteins (CSP) by RNA‐seq. Differential expression analyses in the antennae revealed significant upregulation of one minus‐C OBP (ClapOBP27) and one CSP (ClapCSP12) in the willow feeders. In contrast, one OR (ClapOR17), four minus‐C OBPs (ClapOBP02, 07, 13, 20), and one plus‐C OBP (ClapOBP32) were significantly upregulated in birch feeders. The differential expression pattern in the legs was more complex. To narrow down putative ligands acting as cues for host discrimination, the relative abundance and diversity of volatiles of the two host plant species were analyzed. In addition to salicylaldehyde (willow‐specific), both plant species differed mainly in their emission rate of terpenoids such as (E,E)‐α‐farnesene (high in willow) or 4,8‐dimethylnona‐1,3,7‐triene (high in birch). Qualitatively, the volatiles were similar between willow and birch leaves constituting an “olfactory bridge” for the beetles. Subsequent structural modeling of the three most differentially expressed OBPs and docking studies using 22 host volatiles indicated that ligands bind with varying affinity. We suggest that the evolution of particularly minus‐C OBPs and ORs in C. lapponica facilitated its host plant shift via chemosensation of the phytochemicals from birch as novel host plant.
Considerations for monitoring population trends of colonial waterbirds using the effective number of breeders and census estimates
Authors: da Silva Fagner M. , Miño Carolina I. , Izbicki Rafael , Del Lama Silvia N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDetecting trends in population size fluctuations is a major focus in ecology, evolution, and conservation biology. Populations of colonial waterbirds have been monitored using demographic approaches to determine annual census size (Na). We propose the addition of genetic estimates of the effective number of breeders (Nb) as indirect measures of the risk of loss of genetic diversity to improve the evaluation of demographics and increase the accuracy of trend estimates in breeding colonies. Here, we investigated which methods of the estimation of Nb are more precise under conditions of moderate genetic diversity, limited sample sizes and few microsatellite loci, as often occurs with natural populations. We used the wood stork as a model species and we offered a workflow that researchers can follow for monitoring bird breeding colonies. Our approach started with simulations using five estimators of Nb and the theoretical results were validated with empirical data collected from breeding colonies settled in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland. In parallel, we estimated census size using a corrected method based on counting active nests. Both in simulations and in natural populations, the approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) and sibship assignment (SA) methods yielded more precise estimates than the linkage disequilibrium, heterozygosity excess, and molecular coancestry methods. In particular, the ABC method performed best with few loci and small sample sizes, while the other estimators required larger sample sizes and at least 13 loci to not underestimate Nb. Moreover, according to our Nb/Na estimates (values were often ≤0.1), the wood stork colonies evaluated could be facing the loss of genetic diversity. We demonstrate that the combination of genetic and census estimates is a useful approach for monitoring natural breeding bird populations. This methodology has been recommended for populations of rare species or with a known history of population decline to support conservation efforts.
PFC design method with input/output data of controlled system via DE
Authors: Takagi Taro , Mizumoto Ikuro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper deals with a design problem of parallel feedforward compensator (PFC) without controlled system model. PFC has been proposed to overcome the problem that controlled system does not satisfy the conditions of almost strictly positive real‐based adaptive control system. In most conventional methods, the design parameters are decided by the designers' knowledge or trial and error of designer by using controlled system model. In the proposed method, PFC parameters will be optimized via differential evolution by using the given input/output dataset of controlled system.
Sequence data of six unusual alleles at SE33 and D1S1656 STR Loci
Authors: Alsafiah Hussain M. , Iyengar Arati , Hadi Sibte , Alshlash Waleed M. , Goodwin William 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhen profiling a reference dataset of 500 DNA samples for the population of Saudi Arabia, using the GlobalFiler® PCR amplification kit, six unusual alleles were detected. At the SE33 locus, four novel alleles were found: 2, 14.3, 20.3, and 38; two alleles at the D1S1656 locus: 7 and 8 had been previously reported, but no published sequence data was available. The D1S1656 alleles were sequenced using ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep with the MiSeq FGx System (Illumina, USA). As the SE33 is not reported by available Massively Parallel Sequencing (MPS) systems, samples that exhibited the unreported alleles were sequenced using BigDye™ Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit. Here we present the sequence and structure of the previously uncharacterized alleles.
Seismic performance of buildings with structural and foundation rocking in centrifuge testing
Authors: Pelekis Iason , Madabhushi Gopal S. P. , DeJong Matthew J. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryRocking motion, established in either the superstructure in the form of a 2‐point stepping mechanism (structural rocking) or resulting from rotational motion of the foundation on the soil (foundation rocking), is considered an effective, low‐cost base isolation technique. This paper unifies for the first time the 2 types of rocking motion under a common experimental campaign, so that on the one hand, structural rocking can be examined under the influence of soil and on the other, foundation rocking can be examined under the influence of a linear elastic superstructure. Two building models, designed to rock above or below their foundation level so that they can reproduce structural and foundation rocking respectively, were tested side by side in a centrifuge. The models were placed on a dry sandbed and subjected to a sequence of earthquake motions. The range of rocking amplitude that is required for base isolation was quantified. Overall, it is shown that the relative density of sand does not influence structural rocking, while for foundation rocking, the change from dense to loose sand can affect the time‐frequency response significantly and lead to a more predictable behaviour.
Are there differences between men and women in outcome of intensive inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa? An analysis of routine data
Authors: Voderholzer Ulrich , Hessler Johannes Baltasar , Naab Silke , Fichter Manfred , Graetz Alexander , Greetfeld Martin , Heuser Jörg , Schlegl Sandra 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveAnorexia nervosa (AN) in men is rare and understudied. We compared admission characteristics and response to specialized inpatient treatment between men and women with AN.MethodOne hundred sixteen consecutive male patients with AN were matched to 116 female patients. Patients completed the self‐rating Structured Inventory for Anorexic and Bulimic Syndromes (SIAB‐S) at admission and discharge. Differences at admission and in treatment response were examined with independent samples t‐tests and ANOVA for repeated measures, respectively.ResultsMen had lower body mass index (BMI)‐percentiles (Cohen's d = −0.55), higher levels of weight suppression (d = 0.65), and higher scores in the SIAB‐S general psychopathology and social integration scale (d = 0.47) at admission. There were no differences in response to treatment except for changes in BMI‐percentile (F = 4.49, p = 0.035).ConclusionsThere were more similarities than differences between genders in AN. Because this similarity might be confounded with traditionally “feminine” conceptualizations of AN, further studies of male AN are needed.
Extraction, purification, and structure characterization of polysaccharides from Crassostrea rivularis
Authors: Qin Xiaoming , Fan Xiuping , Zhang Lianyi , Zheng Huina , Zhang Chaohua , Yuan Jianjun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCrude polysaccharide was prepared from Crassostrea rivularis by 30% (w/v) potassium hydroxide solution at 90°C for 120 min. Three fractions (OG1, OG2, and OG3) were purified by DEAE‐52 cellulose and Sepharose 2B gel column chromatography. The chemical structures were determined using gas chromatography (GC), high‐performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results indicated that OG1 was composed of rhamnose and little mannose (8.71%), the ratio of Rha: Gal: Xyl: Fuc in OG3 were 14:5.5:3:1. And their average molecular weights (Mw) were about 1.66 × 106 and 2.33 × 106 Da, respectively. OG2 was composed only of glucose (98.23%), which means it was glycogen. OG2 was consisted mainly of →4)‐ α‐D‐Glc‐(1→, with the branch chain every 6.5 glucose residues on average, which is →4,6)‐α‐D‐Glc‐(1→ and trace amount of α‐D‐Glc‐(1→ branched units. The Mw was 2.27 × 106 Da. It provides the bases for the bioactivity research.
Obtaining anthocyanin from jambolan fruit: Kinetics, extraction rate, and prediction of process time for different agitation frequencies
Authors: Pereira da Silva Wilton , Nunes Jarderlany Sousa , Gomes Josivanda Palmeira , Diniz Pereira da Silva e Silva Cleide Maria 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the literature, in general, the kinetics of bioactive compounds extraction from a solid–liquid system is described by diffusion models and by the Peleg model. In this study, four experiments on the kinetics of anthocyanin extraction from jambolan fruit, at different agitation frequencies of the medium (0, 50, 100, and 150 rpm), are described by various empirical models with up to two fit parameters. According to the statistical indicators, the best model to describe the kinetic processes was Page's, which was also used to determine the extraction rates (all decreasing) and estimate the process times for each agitation frequency. The extraction time for the 150 rpm frequency is approximately six times shorter than that for 0 rpm. Thus, the 150 rpm frequency can be recommended for industrial applications, as the process time is an important variable in the production cost.
Static and dynamic methods to determine adsorption isotherms of hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) with different percentages of dockage
Authors: Jian Fuji , Divagar Darsana , Mhaiki Jennifer , Jayas Digvir S. , Fields Paul G. , White Noel D. G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAdsorption and desorption isotherms of hemp seeds with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of dockage were determined using the salt solution static (SSS) method. The wet hemp seeds with 0% dockage were also dried at 30℃ with 50% RH, 35℃ with 30% and 50% RH, and 40℃ with 30% and 50% RH inside a thin‐layer dryer (thin‐layer dynamic method). The hemp seeds with different percentages of dockage showed hysteresis, and this hysteresis became more obvious with the decrease of temperature. At the same condition, the equilibrium moisture content of hemp seeds with 0% dockage was approximately 0.5 percent points lower than that of the hemp seeds with dockage. The best equation to fit the equilibrium moisture content data under constant temperature and RH was the modified GAB equation for both adsorption and desorption isotherms. The constant rate period of drying was observed for <0.75 hr when drying air RH was 30% or when drying air temperature was 40℃. The Henderson and Pabis model was the best model to fit the thin‐layer drying data. The equilibrium moisture contents measured by the SSS method were lower than those measured by the thin‐layer dynamic method when temperature was ≤35℃.