bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’expérience économique du gouvernement Hamas sous blocus dans la bande de Gaza
Authors: Labadi Taher 
Published: August 2018

Le blocus de la bande de Gaza ainsi que les guerres successives menées par Israël au cours de la dernière décennie ont provoqué une grave crise économique et humanitaire sur cette portion du territoire palestinien. S’ajoute à cela un contexte de fracture politique interne entre le Hamas qui gouverne la bande de Gaza et l’Autorité palestinienne établie en Cisjordanie. J’examine certaines pratiques et politiques inédites du gouvernement de Gaza sous blocus qui nous renseignent sur le caractère à la fois éminemment conflictuel et nécessairement précaire des tentatives d’adaptation, d’autonomisation et de régulation de l’activité économique en temps de guerre. Trois expériences en particulier sont étudiées : l’entreprise du ministère de l’Agriculture pour développer une production en situation d’autarcie ; le recours aux réseaux de contrebande et l’exploitation des tunnels à la frontière avec l’Égypte ; l’effort pour fonder un système administratif et financier parallèle dans un contexte de souveraineté partagée.
La région libanaise de Wadi Khaled à la frontière avec la Syrie : quelles transformations économiques en temps de paix et de guerre ?
Authors: Mouawad Jamil , Périer Miriam 
Published: August 2018

Cet article propose une lecture historique des principales transformations de la vie économique – en temps de paix comme en temps de guerre – dans la région libanaise de Wadi Khaled, à la frontière nord avec la Syrie. Nous examinons ces transformations en considérant les fluctuations incessantes des processus de frontiérisation et de refrontiérisation, et montrons que les moyens de subsistance des habitants de la région reposent sur la différence des systèmes économiques libanais et syriens et sur la porosité de la frontière, notamment, pour le commerce et la contrebande. L’irruption de la guerre en Syrie à la fin de l’année 2011 a progressivement refermé la frontière. Devenue à la fois plus rigide et imperméable, elle n’a plus permis aux habitants de Wadi Khaled de maintenir leur source de revenus principale. Une dépendance à la présence des réfugiés syriens s’est installée et une nouvelle frontière s’est trouvée en partage : celle entre une communauté d’accueil et des réfugiés. Nous montrons ainsi comment la région est passée d’une dépendance économique à la Syrie à une dépendance économique aux Syriens venus trouver refuge dans cette région limitrophe, et comment, finalement, cette zone est inextricablement liée à la Syrie, que la frontière soit poreuse ou pas.
Une économie de la survie au plus près de la guerre. Stratégies quotidiennes des réfugiés syriens à Nabaa
Authors: Boissière Thierry , Tohmé Tabet Annie 
Published: August 2018

À la jonction de l’anthropologie urbaine et économique, de la sociologie des migrations et d’une ethnographie des pratiques du quotidien, cette étude présente les premiers résultats d’un travail de terrain en cours. Elle analyse la façon dont les réfugiés syriens prennent place dans Nabaa, un quartier populaire de la banlieue est de Beyrouth, et les types de dispositifs, notamment résidentiels et économiques, sur lesquels ils s’appuient au quotidien. Notre analyse prend en compte leurs trajectoires depuis la Syrie jusqu’à leur installation dans le quartier, ainsi que le développement d’activités économiques et de survie. Elle pose enfin la question des conditions de la construction d’un quotidien dans l’exil, notamment à travers la mise en place de formes de routines dans un contexte d’incertitude et de grande précarité matérielle, sociale, politique et statutaire.
Radioscoper une discipline grâce à son répertoire professionnel
Authors: Cuyala Sylvain , Commenges Hadrien 
Published: August 2018

Les études qui s’intéressent à la structuration des disciplines mobilisent une grande diversité de sources et de méthodes. Malgré cette diversité, il existe une source largement inexploitée alors qu’elle est disponible dans de nombreuses disciplines : le répertoire professionnel. Cet article propose une méthode d’exploitation des répertoires professionnels pour étudier les disciplines de manière systématique, à la fois dans le temps et dans l’espace. Pas à pas sont expliquées les étapes mises en place pour extraire l’information du bottin, pour produire une information de cadrage, pour explorer certains aspects de la structure des disciplines et de leur organisation spatiale. Enfin, ce parcours méthodologique est illustré par un exemple d’application et des pistes sont proposées pour l’articulation de cette méthode avec l’analyse d’un corpus d’entretiens.
Ocular manifestations in patients attending antiretroviral therapy centre at a tertiary care hospital in Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Sharma Mukta , Chauhan Anil , Sharma Gaurav , Chauhan Vivek 
Published: August 2018

Background & objectives:
Ocular manifestations in HIV/AIDS patients range from adnexal disorders to the posterior segment disease. This study was aimed to evaluate the ocular manifestations, including vision-threatening manifestations in HIV-positive patients attending an antiretroviral therapy centre (ART) of a tertiary care hospital in north India and its association with the CD4+ cell count.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Ophthalmology in collaboration with the ART centre. An equal number of patients were selected from each year i.e., 30 patients each from those registered in the year 2010 till 2015. These patients were selected randomly from the register using systematic randomization. Hence, a total of 150 patients were examined for ocular manifestations. All the patients included in this study were on highly active ART.

Results:
Of the 150 patients examined, 53 per cent were females and 47 per cent were males. Heterosexual transmission was the most common mode of transmission in 126 (84%) patients. Maximum number of patients was in the age group of 31-40 yr. Ocular manifestations were present in 53 [35.3%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 28-43%] patients. Twelve (8%; 95% CI: 4-12%) patients had lid and adnexal manifestations. Anterior-segment manifestations were present in 20 (13.3%; 95% CI: 8-19%) patients. Posterior-segment manifestations were present in 21 (14%; 95% CI: 8-20%) and vision-threatening posterior-segment ocular lesions were present in 14 per cent of the patients. Univariate logistic regression showed a significant (P <0.001) inverse association of CD4+T-cell count with the vision-threatening posterior-segment ocular lesions.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Routine ocular examination may be done in all the HIV/AIDS patients to detect and treat vision-threatening ocular lesions at the earliest.
Occurrence & predictors of osteoporosis & impact of body composition alterations on bone mineral health in asymptomatic pre-menopausal women with HIV infection
Authors: Dutta Deep , Garga Umesh Chandra , Gadpayle Adesh Kisanji , Bansal Rahul , Anand Atul , Gaurav Kumar , Sharma Lokesh Kumar , Sharma Neera 
Published: August 2018

Background & objectives:
Data on bone mineral density (BMD) and sarcopenia are scant from young females with HIV. This study was conducted to determine occurrence, predictors and impact of body composition alterations on osteoporosis in pre-menopausal women with HIV.

Methods:
A total of 214 females with serologically documented HIV infection were screened, of whom 103 pre-menopausal women, 25-45 yr age, clinically stable, having at least one year follow up data, underwent hormonal and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry analysis for BMD and body composition. Seventy five matched controls were also evaluated.

Results:
Females with HIV had significantly lower BMD and Z-score at lumbar spine (LS), total femur, neck of femur (NOF), and radius ultra-distal (UD) compared to controls. Osteoporosis at least at one site was observed in 34.95 per cent patients, compared to eight per cent in controls (P <0.001). Most common site of osteoporosis in females with HIV was radius UD (24.27%), followed by radius 33 per cent (17.48%), radius total (15.53%) and greater trochanter, NOF and LS (6.80% each). HIV patients had significantly lower bone mineral content, lean mass (LM), fat per cent, android (A) fat, gynoid (G) fat, and A/G ratio. LM and fat mass (FM) were −15.65 and −11.54 per cent lower in HIV patients, respectively. Osteoporosis patients had significantly higher use of antiretroviral therapy and lower LM, FM and fat per cent. On logistic regression, LM followed by A/G ratio and BMI were the best predictors of osteoporosis. Sarcopenia was observed in 17.5 per cent patients.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our results showed that osteoporosis and sarcopenia were significant problems in young women with HIV. HIV was associated with greater LM loss, which was critical for bone health. Sarcopenia may predict low BMD in HIV.
Análise do consumo lipídico de idosos residentes da Região do Vale dos Sinos (RS)
Authors: Silva Daiana Da , Ruppenthal Fernanda , Porto Wieck Flávia , Ruttke Dillenburg Osório Denise 
Published: August 2018

Estudo transversal e retrospectivo, com o objetivo de conhecer o consumo dietético de ácidos graxos em idosos, correlacionando com sexo, idade, cidade de residência e estado nutricional. Foram utilizados 526 prontuários de idosos participantes de uma pesquisa intitulada “Envelhecimento e Qualidade de Vida: Um Estudo em Municípios Selecionados do Vale dos Sinos, RS”, os quais, após serem avaliados pelos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, resultaram em 482 prontuários utilizados neste estudo. A pesquisa foi realizada entre 2011 e 2014 com idosos de ambos os sexos, idade entre 60-79 anos, residentes de Campo Bom, Estância Velha ou Novo Hamburgo – RS. Foram avaliados dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos e consumo alimentar (R24h). A amostra caracterizou-se predominantemente pelo
sexo feminino (84,0%), idosos aposentados (87,3%), renda de dois a cinco salários mínimos (72,0%), escolaridade inferior a ensino fundamental completo (70,5%), menos de cinco anos de estudo (41,4%), moram acompanhados (35,7%), casa própria (93,2%), predominância de estado nutricional excesso de peso (55,0%) e risco muito aumentado para doenças cardiovasculares (81,5%). Podemos considerar após
a análise dos resultados, que o consumo de ácidos graxos dos idosos da região estudada, estava adequado dentro da faixa de normalidade, com exceção para a relação de consumo de ômega 6:3. A cidade de Campo Bom, mostrou melhores níveis de consumo de ácido graxo em todas as
frações lipídicas, com resultados significativos para a relação de consumo ômega 6:3 (p=0,002). As demais variáveis não apresentaram resultados significativos em
relação ao consumo lipídico.
TRIAGEM FITOQUÍMICA E ATIVIDADE ANTIBACTERIANA DOS EXTRATOS AQUOSO E HIDROALCOÓLICO BRUTOS DE Jacaranda micrantha Cham. (“CAROBA”) SOBRE CEPAS DE Staphylococcus coagulase positiva E Salmonella spp. PADRÕES E ISOLADAS EM PRODUTOS DE ORIGEM ANIMAL
Authors: Marchionatti Avancini César Augusto , Drebes Tainá , Miranda Ethur Eduardo 
Published: August 2018

A resistência microbiana a compostos químicos convencionais, bem como demanda por tecnologias adequadas ao sistema de produção orgânico/agroecológico motivaram o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa na busca de soluções antibacterianas originadas de extrações vegetais. Os objetivos foram realizar screening fitoquímico e avaliar a atividade dos extratos aquoso (EA) e hidroalcoólico (EH) brutos de Jacaranda micrantha Cham. Com o teste de suspensão quantitativo os extratos das folhas nas proporções 5 g : 100 mL, 10 g : 100 mL e 20 g : 100 mL foram confrontados com as cepas Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 e Salmonella Choleraesuis ATCC 10708, e na de 10 g : 100 mL (100 mg/mL) com isoladas em alimentos de origem animal: S. coagulase positiva (N=20) e S. spp. (N=20). As densidades populacionais de confronto (DP) foram 107, 106 e 105 UFC/mL, nos tempo de contato de oito e 24 horas. Análise fitoquímica qualitativa detectou a presença de compostos fenólicos, taninos condensados e flavonas tanto no EA quanto no EH, e de saponinas apenas no EA. Foi praticamente inexistente a atividade antibacteriana do EA. Já o EH, tomando como referência a proporção 10 : 100, nas 24 h de contato inativou as duas cepas padrões (exceção da Salmonella na maior DP). Frente as isoladas, apresentou melhor atividade sobre S. coagulase positiva reduzindo a DP ou inativando 70% delas na 107, 95% na 106 e 100 % na 105 UFC/mL. As evidências mostram que além das variáveis proporção peso : volume, densidade populacional e tempo de confronto, características intrínsecas dos gêneros e dos indivíduos isolados interferiram na atividade dos extratos. Concluiu-se que o EA pouco apresentou atividade antibacteriana, e que o EH apresentou maior efeito microbiológico frente aos gêneros confrontados.
Influence of Height Waterlogging on Soil Physical Properties of Potential and Actual Acid Sulphate Soils
Authors: Fahmi Arifin , Susilawati Ani , Rachman Ahmad 
Published: August 2018

Water management is main factor that determines the successful of rice cultivation in acid sulphate soil. Soil waterlogging determines the direction and rate of chemical, geochemical and biological reaction in the soil, indirectly these reactions may influence to the changes of soil psycal properties during soil waterlogging process. The experiment was aimed to study the changes of two type of acid sulphate soils physical properties during rice straw decomposition processes. The research was conducted in the greenhouse consisting of the three treatment factors using the completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was soil type: potential acid sulphate soil (PASS) and actual acid sulphate soil (AASS). The second factor was height of water waterlogging: 0.5-1.0 cm (muddy water–level condition) and 4.0 cm from above the soil surface (waterlogged). The third factor was organic matter type: rice straw (RS), purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) (PT) and mixed of RS and PT (MX). Soil physical properties such as aggregate stability, total soil porosity, soil permeability, soil particle density and bulk density were observed at the end of experiment (vegetative maximum stage). The results showed that acid sulphate soil type had large effect on soil physicl properties, soil waterlogging decreased aggregate stability, soil particle density and bulk density both of soil type.Keywords : Acid sulphate soils, soil physical properties, and waterlogging [How to Cite: Arifin F, A Susilawati and A Rachman. 2014. Influence of Height Waterlogging on Soil Physical Properties of Potential and Actual Acid Sulphate Soils. J Trop Soils 19(2): 77-83. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.2.77]
Soil Nutrient Dynamics under Old and Young Cocoa, Coffee and Cashew Plantations at Uhonmora, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ipinmoroti Rotimi Rufus , Ogeh Joseph Sunday 
Published: August 2018

A study was conducted to assess nutrient dynamics of soils under old and young cocoa, coffee and cashew plantations and the leaf nutrient contents of the crops at Uhonmora, Edo State, Nigeria for proper cultural and soil fertility management of the plantations. Soil and crop leaf samples were collected from each plantation using a random sampling technique. The samples were analyzed using standard procedures for sand, silt, clay, pH (H2O), electrical conductivity (EC), total N, available P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, and Effective Cation Exchange Capacity (ECEC). Leaf samples were analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na. Data were compared with the corresponding soil and foliar critical nutrient values for each crop. Results indicated that the soils were texturally sandy clay loam and acidic. The soils varied in their nutrient contents, with soil P for the old cocoa, young coffee and cashew plantations far below critical values. The young cashew plot was low in N content but adequate for other plots. However, the soil ECEC increased with the increasing of calcium contents. Leaf N was below critical for all the crops. Leaf K was low for cocoa and coffee plants, leaf Ca was low for the young cashew plants, while leaf Mg was low for the young cocoa and old cashew. The high soil Mg/K ratio of 8.7- 22.3 as against the established value of 2.0 might have resulted in gross nutrient imbalance which must have affected the absorption and utilization of other nutrients. Hence, adequate soil N did not translate the same availability to the crops. The ECEC showed that the soil needs to be improved upon for sustainable productivity. Soil nutrient content variation across the plantations with age of establishment will necessitate the need for consistent routine soil nutrient assessment for proper and balanced soil nutrient supply to the crops, for healthy crop growth and optimum yield. Management practices of soil surface mulching using organic wastes and cover crops under compatible cropping systems are needed for successful plot establishment and better growth performance of the young seedlings.Key words: Nutrient dynamics, plantation crops, rehabilitation, soil fertility management [How to Cite: Rotimi RI and JS Ogeh. 2014. Soil Nutrient Dynamics under Old and Young Cocoa, Coffee and Cashew Plantations at Uhonmora, Edo State, Nigeria. J Trop Soils 19(2): 85-90. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.2.85] [Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2014.19.2.85]
Evaluation of Primary Macro Nutrients on Arboretum Area in Lampung University Campus, Gedong Meneng
Authors: Afrianti Nur Afni , Syam Tamaluddin 
Published: August 2018

Vegetation has a strong influence on soil characteristics. Vegetation can contribute organic matter sand nutrients to the soil. This study aimed to assess soil fertility through various approaches physical and chemical soil on various types of cover crop in the arboretum area at University of Lampung, and determined the type of cover crop that had the best effect on soil fertility. The research was be conducted by a survey method, which made observations on the soil characteristics of six species of cover crops following were rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia), teak (Tectona grandis), albizia (Paraserianthes Albiziaria), acacia (Acasia mangium), fern tree (Filicium desipiens), and mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King). Soil characteristics observed data were the physical and chemical properties, obtained by field observations, through boring profiles and soil sampling. The results showed that soil fertility on rosewood, albizia, acacia and mahogany on campus area of Lampung University had contents of soil organic C, organic matter, and soil total N higher than teak and Fern tree. Litter from Rosewood, Albizia, and acacia had the best effect on soil fertility, so they could be the best covered vegetation to improve soil characteristics related to optimal and sustainable of land management.Keyword : Acacia, albizia, arboretum, cover crop, fern tree, litter, macronutrient, mahogany, rosewood, teak, and vegetation. [How to Cite: Nur AA and T Syam. 2014. Evaluation of Primary Macro Nutrients on Arboretum Area in Lampung University Campus, Gedong Meneng. J Trop Soils 19(2): 101-107. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.2.101]
Variation of Chemical Elements and their Associations in Laterite Soil Profile
Authors: Tufaila M , Safiuddin La Ode , Eso Rosliana , Kasmiati Sitti , Syaf Hasbullah , Nur Ramadhan La Ode Ahmad , Hasrorayan . , Ardin . 
Published: August 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the variations of twelve chemical elements (Ni, Fe, Co, Mg, Mn, Al, Si, Zn, Ti, P, Ca and Cr) in laterite soil profiles from Wantulasi area in South East Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. Eighty four (84) samples of three profiles (i.e. each profile consists of eight samples) had been used to study their variations in soil using the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Results analysis of the chemical elements content in three profile using XRF indicated that there were good correlationsbetween the chemical elements in the soil profile with the significant correlations were found in Ni and Fe, Ni and Si, Ti and P, Fe and Al, and Co and Mn, respectively. On the other hand,the results of study showed that the variations of the chemical elements could be related to the enrichment and translocation of the elements in soil profile and also their possibilities to be related with a given chemical elements in soil profile. Therefore, we suggest that the observed patterns in chemical elements with a good correlation in laterite profile can be used as proxies to integrate the evaluation of the chemical and physical weathering process based on the elements characteristics in soil profiles.
Reductive Transformation of Layered‐Double‐Hydroxide Nanosheets to Fe‐Based Heterostructures for Efficient Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Hydrogenation of CO
Authors: Zhao Yufei , Li Zhenhua , Li Mengzhu , Liu Jinjia , Liu Xingwu , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Wang Yuanshen , Zhao Jiaqing , Gao Wa , Zhang Zhaosheng , Long Run , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Liu Xi , Wen Xiaodong , Ma Ding , Wu Li‐Zhu , Tung Chen‐Ho , Zhang Tierui 
Published: August 2018

AbstractConversion of syngas (CO, H2) to hydrocarbons, commonly known as the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis, represents a fundamental pillar in today's chemical industry and is typically carried out under technically demanding conditions (1–3 MPa, 300–400 °C). Photocatalysis using sunlight offers an alternative and potentially more sustainable approach for the transformation of small molecules (H2O, CO, CO2, N2, etc.) to high‐valuable products, including hydrocarbons. Herein, a novel series of Fe‐based heterostructured photocatalysts (Fe‐x) is successfully fabricated via H2 reduction of ZnFeAl‐layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets at temperatures (x) in the range 300–650 °C. At a reduction temperature of 500 °C, the heterostructured photocatalyst formed (Fe‐500) consists of Fe0 and FeOx nanoparticles supported by ZnO and amorphous Al2O3. Fe‐500 demonstrates remarkable CO hydrogenation performance with very high initial selectivities toward hydrocarbons (89%) and especially light olefins (42%), and a very low selectivity towards CO2 (11%). The intimate and abundant interfacial contacts between metallic Fe0 and FeOx in the Fe‐500 photocatalyst underpins its outstanding photocatalytic performance. The photocatalytic production of high‐value light olefins with suppressed CO2 selectivity from CO hydrogenation is demonstrated here.
High Performance and Stable All‐Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskite‐Based Photodetectors for Optical Communication Applications
Authors: Bao Chunxiong , Yang Jie , Bai Sai , Xu Weidong , Yan Zhibo , Xu Qingyu , Liu Junming , Zhang Wenjing , Gao Feng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPhotodetectors are critical parts of an optical communication system for achieving efficient photoelectronic conversion of signals, and the response speed directly determines the bandwidth of the whole system. Metal halide perovskites, an emerging class of low‐cost solution‐processed semiconductors, exhibiting strong optical absorption, low trap states, and high carrier mobility, are widely investigated in photodetection applications. Herein, through optimizing the device engineering and film quality, high‐performance photodetectors based on all‐inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite (CsPbIxBr3–x), which simultaneously possess high sensitivity and fast response, are demonstrated. The optimized devices processed from CsPbIBr2 perovskite show a practically measured detectable limit of about 21.5 pW cm−2 and a fast response time of 20 ns, which are both among the highest reported device performance of perovskite‐based photodetectors. Moreover, the photodetectors exhibit outstanding long‐term environmental stability, with negligible degradation of the photoresponse property after 2000 h under ambient conditions. In addition, the resulting perovskite photodetector is successfully integrated into an optical communication system and its applications as an optical signal receiver on transmitting text and audio signals is demonstrated. The results suggest that all‐inorganic metal halide perovskite‐based photodetectors have great application potential for optical communication.