bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injury and Illness Surveillance During the 2016 Department of Defense Warrior Games: Review of Methods and Results
Authors: Rogers Amy E , Baker Joshua , Beutler Anthony , Witkop Catherine , Leggit Jeffrey C 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Surveillance systems have become a valuable tool to capture epidemiological data at multi-sport events, with findings serving to predict and prevent injury, reduce illness, and guide efficient utilization of medical resources. In 2016, the first injury and illness surveillance tool for the Department of Defense (DoD) Warrior Games was established to inform the required medical footprint. The purpose of this paper is to describe the methods and findings from the 2016 DoD Warrior Games surveillance system, which included a database of injuries and illness.

Materials and Methods
A total of 245 wounded warrior (WW) athletes were followed over 19 days, to include train-up and competition periods, as they competed for their respective teams of Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Special Operations, and United Kingdom. Medical personnel recorded injuries and illnesses treated utilizing a standardized surveillance form and data were entered into a daily tracker to examine patterns or areas for prevention. Reports included sex, age, event discipline, previous injury or illness, reason for presentation, and treatment provided.

Results
From June 3 to June 21, 2016, 114 individual encounters were recorded on the standard form and entered into the surveillance database. Athletes accounted for 67% of all encounters. Illness accounted for 30.7% of all visits, while injuries accounted for 69.2%. The incident proportion of injuries in athletes was 23.3 injuries per 100 athletes (95% CI 17.6, 30.1) and incident rate of 12.2 injuries per 1000 athlete days. Integrative medicine treatments including acupuncture, osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), massage therapy, and gua sha accounted for the largest forms of treatment (31%).

Conclusions
From the surveillance data, staff levels and treatment supplies can be adjusted. In addition an improved surveillance tool can be created. Continuous surveillance is required to provide information on trends in injury and illness to support prevention strategies.
Long-term treatment with valganciclovir improves lentiviral suicide gene therapy of glioblastoma
Authors: Hossain Jubayer A , Latif Md A , Ystaas Lars A R , Ninzima Sandra , Riecken Kristoffer , Muller Arnaud , Azuaje Francisco , Joseph Justin V , Talasila Krishna M , Ghimire Jiwan , Fehse Boris , Bjerkvig Rolf , Miletic Hrvoje 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Suicide gene therapy for malignant gliomas has shown encouraging results in the latest clinical trials. However, prodrug application was most often restricted to short-term treatment (14 days), especially when replication-defective vectors were used. We previously showed that a substantial fraction of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) transduced tumor cells survive ganciclovir (GCV) treatment in an orthotopic glioblastoma (GBM) xenograft model. Here we analyzed whether these TK+ tumor cells are still sensitive to prodrug treatment and whether prolonged prodrug treatment can enhance treatment efficacy.

Methods
Glioma cells positive for TK and green fluorescent protein (GFP) were sorted from xenograft tumors recurring after suicide gene therapy, and their sensitivity to GCV was tested in vitro. GBM xenografts were treated with HSV-TK/GCV, HSV-TK/valganciclovir (valGCV), or HSV-TK/valGCV + erlotinib. Tumor growth was analyzed by MRI, and survival as well as morphological and molecular changes were assessed.

Results
TK-GFP+ tumor cells from recurrent xenograft tumors retained sensitivity to GCV in vitro. Importantly, a prolonged period (3 mo) of prodrug administration with valganciclovir (valGCV) resulted in a significant survival advantage compared with short-term (3 wk) application of GCV. Recurrent tumors from the treatment groups were more invasive and less angiogenic compared with primary tumors and showed significant upregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. However, double treatment with the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib did not increase therapeutic efficacy.

Conclusion
Long-term treatment with valGCV should be considered as a replacement for short-term treatment with GCV in clinical trials of HSV-TK mediated suicide gene therapy.
IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL BIOMARKERS FOR LUNG CANCER RISK IN HIGH LEVELS OF RADON BY PROTEOMICS: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Autsavapromporn N , Dukaew N , Wongnoppavich A , Chewaskulyong B , Roytrakul S , Klunklin P , Phantawong K , Chitapanarux I , Sripun P , Kritsananuwat R , Amphol S , Pornnumpa C , Suzuki T , Kudo H , Hosoda M , Tokonami S 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRadon is the second most important risk factor for lung cancer after tobacco smoking. In Chiang Mai, Thailand, the values of indoor radon activity concentrations are considerably higher than global average values and it is a highest level among East Asian countries. The aim of our study is to identify novel biomarkers for lung cancer risk in high radon areas using a proteomic approach. In our transitional study, a total of 81 participants of non-smokers were examined, consist of 25 lung cancer patients (LC), 16 healthy controls from low levels of natural radiation areas (LLNRA) and 40 healthy controls from high levels of natural radiation areas (HLNRA). The results showed that a total of 799 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Among these, a total of 25 proteins were observed in both LC and HLNRA, but not in LINRA. Owing to the results obtained from this study, we also point out the research direction regarding the validation of some new candidate protein as a biomarker to screen population with high risk for lung cancer in the area with high levels of radon.
A HUMIDITY CONTROL TECHNIQUE BASED ON NAFION MEMBRANE AND ITS APPLICATION ON THE EVALUATION OF HUMIDITY RESPONSE FOR RADON MONITOR
Authors: Mao Yucai , Wang Yunxiang , Zhang Lei , Guo Qiuju 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Electrostatic collection technique is widely used in various radon monitors. The mechanism of this kind of radon monitor is that the positive Po particles, produced by decay of radon, can be collected on the surface of detector in electric field. Collection efficiency, therefore, could be affected by air humidity. Calibration under different humidity conditions or test of humidity response is necessary consequently. In this study, a humidity control technique based on Nafion membrane tube (NMT) is developed. Under a consistent flowrate with a certain stable level of radon concentration and humidity of main-path inlet, the humidity of outlet sample gas from the main-path can be adjusted and stably controlled at a certain level by changing side-path’s flowrates of NMT. By adjusting main and side-path flowrate, RH of outlet gas of the main-path can be controlled from 5.3 to 80.0%. Theoretical study were also performed. Based on this, humidity influence calibration of an electrostatic radon monitor was performed, and a relationship between the sensitivity of the radon monitor and relative humidity was obtained.
HIGH BACKGROUND AREA FOR RADIATION EDUCATION
Authors: Matsuda N , Fukuda N , Yamauchi M , Tsunoyama Y , Tomita S , Kita M 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper describes our trial experience of the use of high radiation area for radiation education. We used environmental samples collected from the high radiation area in Fukushima prefecture and India, for the practice of radiation measurement and health risk assessment in Nagasaki University Medical School. We also carried out the field monitoring seminar for students in the existing exposure areas in Tottori prefecture and the Yamakiya observatory in Fukushima. Although the evaluation of educational effectiveness is still underway, both types of education appeared attractive for the students mostly due to the exposure from natural environment in our real life which was not achieved by using an artificial radiation source in a classroom.
REDUCTION IN AMBIENT GAMMA DOSE RATE FROM RADIOCESIUM DUE TO SNOW COVER
Authors: Omori Y , Inoue S , Otsuka T , Nagamatsu Y , Sorimachi A , Ishikawa T 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In the present study, variations in ambient gamma dose rate associated with snow cover were examined in a radioactive-contaminated site in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. The ambient gamma dose rates decreased with increasing snow depth. The reduction trends were different between fresh snow (0.1–0.2 g/cm3) and granular snow (0.3–0.4 g/cm3) depending on snow density. Snow cover water content (snow water equivalent) calculated from snow depth and density was a key parameter governing the reduction in the ambient gamma dose rate. The ambient gamma dose rates reduced to 0.6 and 0.5 at 4 g/cm2 and 8 g/cm2 of snow water equivalent, respectively. Based on gamma-ray flux density distributions, the ambient gamma dose rates from the primary gamma rays decreased more compared to those from scattered gamma rays due to snow cover.
NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENT AND DOSE ASSESSMENT OF BEACH PLACER SANDS IN THE COASTAL REGION OF TAMIL NADU (INDIA)
Authors: Veerasamy N , Sahoo S K , Inoue K , Fukushi M , Tsuruoka H , Arae H , Balakrishnan S 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A preliminary study was carried out to determine the radioactivity concentration of 232Th, 226Ra and 40K in beach placer sands from 13 locations along the coast line of Tamil Nadu state, India. The ambient dose rates varied from 9 to 467 nGy h−1. The activity concentrations of radionuclide 232Th, 226Ra and 40K ranged from 5.2 to 683 Bq kg−1, 13 to 198 Bq kg−1 and 107 to 421 Bq kg−1, respectively. The annual effective dose rate ranges from 27 to 620 μSv y−1 and was higher at seven beaches in comparison to the UNSCEAR annual worldwide average value.
Actimetry in infant sleep research: an approach to facilitate comparability
Authors: Schoch Sarah F , Jenni Oskar G , Kohler Malcolm , Kurth Salome 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStudy ObjectivesOnly standardized objective assessments reliably capture the large variability of sleep behavior in infancy, which is the most pronounced throughout the human lifespan. This is important for clinical practice as well as basic research. Actimetry is a cost-efficient method to objectively estimate infant sleep/wake behavior from limb movements. Nevertheless, the standardization of actimetry-based sleep/wake measures is limited by two factors: the use of different computational approaches and the bias towards measuring only nighttime sleep—neglecting ~20 % of sleep infants obtain during daytime. Thus, we evaluate the comparability of two commonly used actimetry algorithms in infants and propose adjustments to increase comparability.MethodsWe used actimetry in 50 infants for 10 continuous days at ages 3, 6, and 12 months in a longitudinal approach. We analyzed the infants’ sleep/wake behaviors by applying two algorithms: Sadeh and Oakley/Respironics. We compared minute-by-minute agreement and Kappa between the two algorithms, as well as the algorithms with sleep/wake measures from a comprehensive 24-hour parent-reported diary.ResultsAgreement between uncorrected algorithms was moderate (77%–84%). By introducing a six-step adjustment, we increased agreement between algorithms (96%–97%) and with the diary. This decreased the difference in estimated sleep behaviors, e.g. Total Sleep Duration from 4.5 to 0.2 hours.ConclusionsThese adjustments enhance comparability between infant actimetry studies and the inclusion of parent-reported diaries allows the integration of daytime sleep. Objectively assessed infant sleep that is comparable across different studies supports the establishment of normative developmental trajectories and clinical cutoffs.
Vertical variation in wood CO2 efflux is not uniformly related to height: measurement across various species and sizes of Bornean tropical rainforest trees
Authors: Katayama Ayumi , Kume Tomonori , Ichihashi Ryuji , Nakagawa Michiko 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLimited knowledge about vertical variation in wood CO2 efflux (Rwood) is still a cause of uncertainty in Rwood estimates at individual and ecosystem scales. Although previous studies found higher Rwood in the canopy, they examined several tree species of similar size. In contrast, in the present study, we measured vertical variation in Rwood for 18 trees including 13 species, using a canopy crane for a more precise determination of the vertical variation in Rwood, for various species and sizes of trees in order to examine the factors affecting vertical variation in Rwood and thus, to better understand the effect of taking into account the vertical and inter-individual variation on estimates of Rwood at the individual scale. We did not find any clear pattern of vertical variation; Rwood increased significantly with measurement height for only one tree, while it decreased for two more trees, and was not significantly related with measurement height in 15 other trees. Canopy to breast height Rwood ratio was not related to diameter at breast height or crown ratio, which supposedly are factors affecting vertical variation in Rwood. On average, Rwood estimates at individual scale, considering inter-individual variation but ignoring vertical variation, were only 6% higher than estimates considering both forms of variation. However, estimates considering vertical variation, while ignoring inter-individual variation, were 13% higher than estimates considering both forms of variation. These results suggest that individual measurements at breast height are more important for estimating Rwood at the individual scale, and that any error in Rwood estimation at this scale, due to the absence of any more measurements along tree height, is really quite negligible. This study measured various species and sizes of trees, which may be attributed to no clear vertical variation because factors causing vertical variation can differ among species and sizes.
Older people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Chinese rural areas: perceived stigma and associated factors
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Yang Haixia , Fan Jinyu , Duan Luxi , Chen Dan , Feng Xiangling , Li Xingli 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Perceived stigma is a common problem among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA). In recent years, the number of older adults with HIV/AIDS has rapidly increased in China. However, HIV/AIDS-related perceived stigma and associated factors in older PLWHA remain unknown.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Yongzhou. Participants were recruited via the Hunan HIV/AIDS Registry system. All participants were ≥50 y of age at the time of their HIV diagnosis. Sowell’s HIV Stigma Scale was used to measure perceived stigma.

Results
A total of 193 participants were interviewed, of which 132 (68.4%) were male. The ages of the participants ranged from 50 to 82 y and the average age was 61.1±5.95 y. Eighteen (9.3%) subjects were ethnic minorities. Older PLWHA reported a relatively high level of perceived stigma, especially individuals of Han ethnicity having high annual incomes. The individuals who had disclosed their HIV-positive status to all their family had higher scores on the dimension related to blame. Regression analysis showed that ethnicity, annual income, living arrangement and disclosure patterns were the main associated factors of perceived stigma.

Conclusions
Perceived stigma is common in older Chinese PLWHA. Individuals of ethnic minorities or with higher economic status have higher levels of stigma. Family relationships have a deep influence on perceived stigma.
Task context modulates feature-selective responses in area V4
Authors: Popovkina Dina V. , Pasupathy Anitha 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTFeature selectivity of neuronal responses in primate visual cortex is typically measured while animals fixate a small dot on the screen and a stimulus is presented in the near-periphery. This paradigm allows the efficient exploration of feature space, but it provides only a partial view of selectivity by failing to characterize how cognitive factors influence neuronal tuning. Here we focus on primate area V4, known to be influenced by cognitive processes, and ask how neuronal tuning is modulated by task engagement. We compared the tuning for shape and color in 83 well-isolated V4 neurons measured during passive fixation and during active engagement in a shape discrimination task. In both tasks, animals saw the same set of objects—shape x color combinations—but while neither stimulus feature was relevant during the fixation task, shape identity was relevant for behavior during the discrimination task. Consistent with attentional studies, V4 responses during the discrimination task showed a stimulus-independent gain scaling relative to passive fixation, but this was only in a minority of neurons (21/83). For the rest (62/83), response modulations during discrimination depended on stimulus identity: on stimulus shape in neurons more strongly tuned to shape, and on color in neurons more strongly tuned to color. Overall, this resulted in broader tuning for stimulus color, but not shape, during active task engagement. These results suggest that task context can influence the shape and color selectivity of V4 neurons, and in some neurons this effect is consistent with a change in the width of feature tuning.
Oligotyping and Genome-Resolved Metagenomics Reveal DistinctCandidatusAccumulibacter Communities in Full-Scale Side-Stream versus Conventional Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) Configurations
Authors: Srinivasan Varun N. , Li Guangyu , Wang Dongqi , Tooker Nicholas B. , Dai Zihan , Onnis-Hayden Annalisa , Pinto Ameet , Gu April Z. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCandidatusAccumulibacter phosphatis (CAP) and its sub-clades-level diversity has been associated and implicated in successful phosphorus removal performance in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). Development of high-throughput untargeted methods to characterize clades of CAP in EBPR communities can enable a better understanding of Accumulibacter ecology at a higher-resolution beyond OTU-level in wastewater resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). In this study, for the first time, using integrated 16S rRNA gene sequencing, oligotyping and genome-resolved metagenomics, we were able to reveal clade-level differences in Accumulibacter communities and associate the differences with two different full-scale EBPR configurations. The results led to the identification and characterization of a distinct and dominant Accumulibacter oligotype - Oligotype 2 (belonging to Clade IIC) and its matching MAG (RC14) associated with side-stream EBPR configuration. We are also able to extract MAGs belonging to CAP clades IIB (RCAB4-2) and II (RC18) which did not have representative genomes before. This study demonstrates and validates the use of a high-throughput approach of oligotyping analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences to elucidate CAP clade-level diversity. We also show the existence of a previously uncharacterized diversity of CAP clades in full-scale EBPR communities through extraction of MAGs, for the first time from full-scale facilities.
Growth hormone induces mitotic catastrophe of podocytes and contributes to proteinuria
Authors: Nishad Rajkishor , Mukhi Dhanunjay , Singh Ashish Kumar , Chintala Kumaraswami , Tammineni Prasad , Pasupulati Anil Kumar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPodocytes are integral members of the filtration barrier in the kidney and are crucial for glomerular permselectivity. Podocytes are highly differentiated and vulnerable to an array of noxious stimuli during various clinical conditions whereas podocyte loss plays a key role in progressive glomerular diseases. Elevated circulating growth hormone (GH) levels are associated with podocyte injury and proteinuria in diabetics. Previous studies have shown that podocytes express GH receptors (GHR), and induce Notch signaling when exposed to GH. However, the precise mechanism(s) by which excess GH elicits podocytopathy remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrate that GH induces cognate TGF-β1 signaling and provokes cell cycle re-entry of otherwise quiescent podocytes. Though, differentiated podocytes re-enter the cell cycle in response to GH and TGF-β1 unable to accomplish cytokinesis, despite nuclear division. Owing to this aberrant cell-cycle events significant amount of GH or TGF-β1 treated cells remain binucleated and undergo mitotic catastrophe. Importantly, inhibition of GHR, TGFBR1, or Notch signaling prevented cell cycle re-entry and protects podocyte from cell death. Furthermore, inhibition of Notch activation prevents GH-dependent podocyte injury and proteinuria. Kidney biopsy sections from patients with diabetic nephropathy show activation of Notch signaling and bi-nucleated podocytes. All these data confirm that excess GH induces Notch1 signaling via TGF-β1 and contributes to the mitotic catastrophe of podocytes. This study highlights the role of aberrant GH signaling in the podocytopathy and the potential application of inhibitors of TGF-β1 or Notch inhibitors as a therapeutic agent for diabetic nephropathy.Significance StatementElevated circulating levels of growth hormone (GH) associated with glomerular hypertrophy and proteinuria. Whereas decreased GH action protected against proteinuria. Podocytes are highly differentiated cells that play a vital role in glomerular filtration and curb protein loss. The direct role of GH in podocytes is the focus of our study. We found that GH induces TGF-β1 and both provoke cell cycle re-entry of podocytes in Notch1 dependent manner. Notch activation enables the podocytes to accomplish karyokinesis, but not cytokinesis owing to which podocytes remain binucleated. Binucleated podocytes that were observed during GH/TGF-β1 treatment are susceptible to cell death. Our study highlighted the fact that enforcing the differentiated podocytes to re-enter the cell cycle results in mitotic catastrophe and permanent loss.