bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le paragraphe mobile
Authors: Slauter Will 
Published: April 2019

RésuméDans le monde atlantique du XVIIIesiècle, les gazettes et journaux politiques se copient, se traduisent, et se répondent. La technologie qui facilite le mouvement des informations à cette époque, c’est le paragraphe. Cette technologie de lecture ancienne devient au XVIIIesiècle l’unité de base des nouvelles imprimées, à la fois véhicule des messages politiques et instrument d’analyse de ces messages. Grâce aux interventions des rédacteurs, imprimeurs, lecteurs et capitaines de bateaux, les nouvelles changent de forme et de fond tandis qu’elles voyagent. Cet article, qui repose sur des études de journalisme en Europe, Grande-Bretagne et Amérique du Nord, met à profit une lecture comparative des périodiques de langues anglaise, française et espagnole pour décrypter les processus de création, de transmission et de réception des nouvelles. Il montre, à partir d’exemples précis tirés de la guerre d’indépendance américaine, l’oeuvre collective qu’est le journalisme transatlantique au XVIIIesiècle. Ce faisant, il met en valeur le paragraphe comme objet d’étude historique.
Assessing the Spatial Accuracy of the Reconstruction in Atom Probe Tomography and a New Calibratable Adaptive Reconstruction
Authors: Ceguerra Anna V. , Day Alec C. , Ringer Simon P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe define a measure for the accuracy of tomographic reconstruction in atom probe tomography, named here the spatial error index. We demonstrate that this index can be used to compare rigorously the spatial accuracy of various different approaches to the calculation of tomographic reconstruction. This is useful, for example, to evaluate the performance of alternate tomographic reconstruction approaches, and ensures that the comparisons are independent of individual data quality or other instrumental parameters. We then introduce a new “adaptive reconstruction” formalism that uses a progression of reconstruction parameters based on a per-atom correction from the cube root of the inverse of the voltage, along with linear correction factors linked to the evaporation sequence. We apply the measure for spatial accuracy to this new reconstruction protocol.
Paleocirculation and Ventilation History of Southern Ocean Sourced Deep Water Masses During the Last 800,000 Years
Authors: Williams Thomas J. , Hillenbrand Claus‐Dieter , Piotrowski Alexander M. , Allen Claire S. , Frederichs Thomas , Smith James A. , Ehrmann Werner , Hodell David A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMost conceptual models of ocean circulation during past glacial periods invoke a shallowed North Atlantic‐sourced water mass overlying an expanded, poorly ventilated Southern Ocean (SO)‐sourced deep water mass (Southern Component Water or SCW), rich in remineralized carbon, within the Atlantic basin. However, the ventilation state, carbon inventory, and circulation pathway of SCW sourced in the Pacific sector of the SO (Pacific SO) during glacial periods are less well understood. Here we present multiproxy data—including δ18O and δ13C measured on the benthic and planktic foraminifera Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, and productivity proxies including percent CaCO3, total organic carbon, and Ba/Ti—from a sediment core located in the high‐latitude (71°S) Pacific SO spanning the last 800 kyr. Typical glacial δ13C values of SCW at this core site are ~0‰. We find no evidence for SCW with extremely low δ13C values during glacials in the high‐latitude Pacific SO. This leads to a spatial gradient in the stable carbon isotope composition of SCW from the high‐latitude SO, suggesting that there are different processes of deep‐ and bottom‐water formation around Antarctica. A reduced imprint of air‐sea gas exchange is evident in the SCW formed in the Atlantic SO compared with the Pacific SO. A spatial δ13C gradient in SCW is apparent throughout much of the last 800,000 years, including interglacials. A SO‐wide depletion in benthic δ13C is observed in early MIS 16, coinciding with the lowest atmospheric pCO2 recorded in Antarctic ice cores.
AP endonuclease 1 (Apex1) influences brain development linking oxidative stress and DNA repair
Authors: Pei De-Sheng , Jia Pan-Pan , Luo Juan-Juan , Liu Wei , Strauss Phyllis R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBrain and neurons are particularly sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative damage from ROS results in increased 8-oxoguanine in DNA followed by repair through the base excision repair (BER) pathway. We reported earlier that AP endonuclease 1 (Apex1) not only participates directly in BER but also regulates transcription factor Creb1. Here, we investigated how Apex1 affects brain to respond effectively to oxidative damage during zebrafish development. Loss of Apex1 resulted in increased ROS, 8-oxoguanine, and abasic sites as well as loss of Ogg1, which recognizes 8-oxoguanine and is required for its repair. Moreover, knock-down of Apex1 not only resulted in reduction of expression of several major proteins in the BER pathway (Polb and Ogg1), and it also resulted in maldistribution and loss of four key brain transcription factors (fezf2, otx2, egr2a, and pax2a), leading to abnormal brain development. These results were independent of p53 protein level. In contrast, exposure to exogenous H2O2 resulted in increased transcription and protein of Apex1 along with other BER components, as well as Creb1. Taken together, these results indicate that oxidative stress increased when the level of Apex1 was reduced, revealing a novel pathway of how Apex1 manages oxidative stress in developing brain.
Thinning ferroelectric films for high-efficiency photovoltaics based on the Schottky barrier effect
Authors: Tan Zhengwei , Hong Lanqing , Fan Zhen , Tian Junjiang , Zhang Luyong , Jiang Yue , Hou Zhipeng , Chen Deyang , Qin Minghui , Zeng Min , Gao Jinwei , Lu Xubing , Zhou Guofu , Gao Xingsen , Liu Jun-Ming 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAchieving high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in ferroelectric photovoltaics (PVs) is a longstanding challenge. Although recently ferroelectric thick films, composite films, and bulk crystals have all been demonstrated to exhibit PCEs >1%, these systems still suffer from severe recombination because of the fundamentally low conductivities of ferroelectrics. Further improvement of PCEs may therefore rely on thickness reduction if the reduced recombination could overcompensate for the loss in light absorption. Here, a PCE of up to 2.49% (under 365-nm ultraviolet illumination) was demonstrated in a 12-nm Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 (PZT) ultrathin film. The strategy to realize such a high PCE consists of reducing the film thickness to be comparable with the depletion width, which can simultaneously suppress recombination and lower the series resistance. The basis of our strategy lies in the fact that the PV effect originates from the interfacial Schottky barriers, which is revealed by measuring and modeling the thickness-dependent PV characteristics. In addition, the Schottky barrier parameters (particularly the depletion width) are evaluated by investigating the thickness-dependent ferroelectric, dielectric and conduction properties. Our study therefore provides an effective strategy to obtain high-efficiency ferroelectric PVs and demonstrates the great potential of ferroelectrics for use in ultrathin-film PV devices.
Delivering cellular and gene therapies to patients: solutions for realizing the potential of the next generation of medicine
Authors: Elverum Kris , Whitman Maria 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe evolution of medicines from small molecules to proteins drove increased therapeutic benefits, and the next generation of cell and gene therapies holds tremendous promise for patients. The Food and Drug Administration approved the U.S.’s first gene therapy, Novartis’ tisagenlecleucel, and technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 are poised to create a wave of new medicines. Unfortunately, the vast majority of patients may not benefit from cell and gene therapies. At least 95% of people receive medicines only through commercial delivery, but stakeholders have struggled to develop and sustain successful business models for cell and gene therapies. This paper reviews the existing system to deliver cell and gene therapies and outlines the requirements to make them accessible to patients. Informed by interviews with experts, opportunities for improvement are identified along the patient and cell journeys, and a call to action is made for stakeholders to detail and implement change.
Correlated Eigenvalues of Multi-Soliton Optical Communications
Authors: Zhang Wen Qi , Gui Tao , Zhang Qun , Lu Chao , Monro Tanya M. , Chan Terence H. , Lau Alan Pak Tao , Shahraam Afshar V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere is a fundamental limit on the capacity of fibre optical communication system (Shannon Limit). This limit can be potentially overcome via using Nonlinear Frequency Division Multiplexing. Dealing with noises in these systems is one of the most critical parts in implementing a practical system. In this paper, we discover and characterize the correlations among the NFT channels. It is demonstrated that the correlation is universal (i.e., independent of types of system noises) and can be exploited to maximize transmission throughput. We propose and experimentally confirm a noise model showing that end-to-end noise can be modelled as the accumulation of noise associated with each segment of optical communication which can be dealt with independently. Also, each point noise can be further decomposed into different components, some of which are more significant (and even dominating) than others. Hence, one can further approximate and simplify the noise model by focusing on the significant component.
The influence of habitual consumption of chewing gums in the outcome of masticatory performance tests using two-coloured chewing gums
Authors: Vaccaro Gustavo , Peláez José Ignacio , Gil-Montoya José Antonio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to assess the influence of regular consumption of chewing-gums on the Masticatory Performance (MP); and to determine if increasing the consumption improves the MP of non-regular consumers. We recorded the chewing-gums consumption rate (CGC) and measured the MP of 265 participants (µ = 47.09, σ = 22.49 years) using the Variance of the Histogram of the Hue (VhH) image processing method. Then, participants were instructed to increase the consumption, and the MP was measured again (SESSION) two and four days after. Normality of MP was verified with Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. The association between the age and the consumption rate was measured with GEE and the eta-squared statistic. Finally, a 3 × 3 mixed ANOVA with SESSION as the within-subject factor and CGC as the between-subjects factor was run. Session-wise and group-wise comparison were performed with post hoc Bonferroni. No systematic error was detected for VhH (p = 1.00). Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests confirmed the normality of the distribution of MP (p > 0.05). There was a significant effect of SESSION on MP, F(1.746, 457.328) = 59.075, p < 0.001; furthermore, there were significant differences in MP between SESSIONs. Additionally, there was a significant effect of CGC on MP, with F (2, 356.53) = 564.73, p < 0.001. In conclusion, the chewing-gum consumption habits influence the two-coloured chewing gum mixing test. The apparent MP of non-regular consumers can be improved by prescribing a controlled increase in the consumption of chewing-gums for a few days.
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: Treatment Outcomes According to the Retinal Nonperfusion Area, Clinical Subtype, and Crossing Pattern
Authors: Iida-Miwa Yuko , Muraoka Yuki , Iida Yuto , Ooto Sotaro , Murakami Tomoaki , Suzuma Kiyoshi , Tsujikawa Akitaka 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis prospective study examined 58 eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) to investigate the effects of the nonperfusion area (NPA), clinical subtype, and crossing pattern on the 2-year outcomes of ranibizumab therapy for the macular edema (ME). All eyes received three initial monthly injections, followed by additional pro re nata (PRN) injections. The final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and ranibizumab injection number were not associated with the macular NPA or total NPA at baseline or month 12, and they showed no significant differences between the clinical subtypes. However, the incidence of neovascular changes was higher in the major BRVO group than in the macular BRVO group (P = 0.030). Twelve and 19 of the 34 eyes with major BRVO exhibited arterial overcrossing and venous overcrossing, respectively. At baseline, the total NPA did not differ according to the crossing pattern, however, the total NPA was significantly larger in the venous overcrossing group at month 12 (P = 0.047). At month 24, the incidence of neovascular changes was higher in the venous overcrossing group (P = 0.030). Following ranibizumab therapy for BRVO-associated ME, the clinical subtype and the arteriovenous crossing pattern may be associated with neovascular changes.
Distinguishing between sea turtle foraging areas using stable isotopes from commensal barnacle shells
Authors: Pearson Ryan M. , van de Merwe Jason P. , Gagan Michael K. , Limpus Colin J. , Connolly Rod M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the movement behaviour of marine megafauna within and between habitats is valuable for informing conservation management, particularly for threatened species. Stable isotope analyses of soft-tissues have been used to understand these parameters in sea turtles, usually relying on concurrent satellite telemetry at high cost. Barnacles that grow on sea turtles have been shown to offer a source of isotopic history that reflects the temperature and salinity of the water in which the host animal has been. We used a novel method that combines barnacle growth rates and stable isotope analysis of barnacle shells (δ18O and δ13C) as predictors of home area for foraging sea turtles. We showed high success rates in assigning turtles to foraging areas in Queensland, Australia, based on isotope ratios from the shells of the barnacles that were attached to them (86–94% when areas were separated by >400 km). This method could be used to understand foraging distribution, migration distances and the habitat use of nesting turtles throughout the world, benefiting conservation and management of these threatened species and may be applied to other taxa that carry hitchhiking barnacles through oceans or estuaries.
Microscale direct measurement of localized photothermal heating in tissue-mimetic hydrogels
Authors: Davaji Benyamin , Richie James E. , Lee Chung Hoon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhotothermal hyperthermia is proven to be an effective diagnostic tool for cancer therapy. The efficacy of this method directly relies on understanding the localization of the photothermal effect in the targeted region. Realizing the safe and effective concentration of nano-particles and the irradiation intensity and time requires spatiotemporal temperature monitoring during and after laser irradiation. Due to uniformities of the nanoparticle distribution and the complexities of the microenvironment, a direct temperature measurement in micro-scale is crucial for achieving precise thermal dose control. In this study, a 50 nm thin film nickel resistive temperature sensor was fabricated on a 300 nm SiN membrane to directly measure the local temperature variations of a hydrogel-GNR mixture under laser exposure with 2 mK temperature resolution. The chip-scale approach developed here is an effective tool to investigate localization of photothermal heating for hyperthermia applications for in-vitro and ex-vivo models. Considering the connection between thermal properties, porosity and the matrix stiffness in hydrogels, we present our results using the interplay between matrix stiffness of the hydrogel and its thermal properties: the stiffer the hydrogel, the higher the thermal conductivity resulting in lower photothermal heating. We measured 8.1, 7.4, and 5.6 °C temperature changes (from the room temperature, 20 °C) in hydrogel models with stiffness levels corresponding to adipose (4 kPa), muscle (13 kPa) and osteoid (30 kPa) tissues respectively by exposing them to 2 W/cm2 laser (808 nm) intensity for 150 seconds.
Modeling of systematic errors in stereo-digital image correlation due to camera self-heating
Authors: Yu Liping , Lubineau Gilles 
Published: April 2019

AbstractErrors in strain measurements in stereo-digital image correlation (stereo-DIC) caused by camera self-heating have been experimentally observed in previous research, and have been shown to widely vary from one system configuration to another. Such “thermal errors” are sometimes so large that they strongly compromise the accuracy of the measurements. Despite correcting such errors is crucial when aiming at high-accuracy measurements, the mechanism of the thermal error generation and how it relates to the camera parameters in stereo-DIC are still not clear. In this paper, we first explain in detail how self-heating can introduce large artifacts in the strains measured by stereo-DIC. Using a simplified stereovision model, we provide the main equations that describe the theoretical errors in 3D coordinate reconstruction and 3D deformation measurement. Through several sets of simulations, the effect of camera self-heating on the 3D coordinate, displacement and strain measurements, and the effect of camera parameters on the thermal errors in stereo-DIC were explicitly presented based on the derived theoretical formulas. Finally, several real self-heating tests using a smartphone-based single-camera stereo-DIC system confirm the correctness of theoretical analyses and simulation results.
Antimicrobial removal on piglets promotes health and higher bacterial diversity in the nasal microbiota
Authors: Correa-Fiz Florencia , Gonçalves dos Santos José Maurício , Illas Francesc , Aragon Virginia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe view on antimicrobials has dramatically changed due to the increased knowledge on the importance of microbiota composition in different body parts. Antimicrobials can no longer be considered only beneficial, but also potentially deleterious for favourable bacterial populations. Still, the use of metaphylactic antimicrobial treatment at early stages of life is a practice in use in porcine production. Many reports have shown that antibiotics can critically affect the gut microbiota, however the effect of perinatal antimicrobial treatment on the nasal microbiota has not been explored yet. To gain insights on the potential changes in nasal microbial composition due to antimicrobial treatments, piglets from two different farms were sampled at weaning. The nasal microbiota was analysed when antimicrobial treatment was used early in life, and later, when no antimicrobial treatment was used during the lactation period. Removal of perinatal antimicrobials resulted in an increased bacterial diversity in nasal microbiota at weaning. Concurrently, elimination of antimicrobials produced an increase in the relative abundance of Prevotella and Lactobacillus, and a decrease in Moraxella and Bergeyella. These changes in microbiota composition were accompanied by an improvement of the piglets’ health and a higher productivity in the nursery phase.
Fungal Elevational Rapoport pattern from a High Mountain in Japan
Authors: Ogwu Matthew Chidozie , Takahashi Koichi , Dong Ke , Song Ho-Kyung , Moroenyane Itumeleng , Waldman Bruce , Adams Jonathan M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLittle is known of how fungal distribution ranges vary with elevation. We studied fungal diversity and community composition from 740 to 2940 m above sea level on Mt. Norikura, Japan, sequencing the ITS2 region. There was a clear trend, repeated across each of the fungal phyla (Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Zygomycota, Chytridomycota and Glomeromycota), and across the whole fungal community combined, towards an increased elevational range of higher elevation OTUs, conforming to the elevational Rapoport pattern. It appears that fungi from higher elevation environments are more generalized ecologically, at least in terms of climate-related gradients. These findings add to the picture from latitudinal studies of fungal ranges, which also suggest that the classic Rapoport Rule (broader ranges at higher latitudes) applies on a geographical scale. However, there was no mid-elevation maximum in diversity in any of the phyla studied, and different diversity trends for the different phyla, when different diversity indices were used. In terms of functional guilds, on Norikura there were trends towards increased saprotrophism (Zygomycota), symbiotrophism (Basidiomycota), symbiotrophism and saprotrophism (Ascomycota) and pathotrophism (Chytridiomycota) with elevation. The causes of each of these trends require further investigation from an ecological and evolutionary viewpoint.
Subtle variations in mobbing calls are predator-specific in great tits (Parus major)
Authors: Kalb Nadine , Anger Fabian , Randler Christoph 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMany species are known to use vocalizations to recruit con- and heterospecifics to mobbing events. In birds, the vocalizations of the Family Paridae (titmice, tits and chickadees) are well-studied and have been shown to recruit conspecifics and encode information about predation risk. Species use the number of elements within a call, call frequency or call type to encode information. We conducted a study with great tits (Parus major) in the field where we presented taxidermy mounts of two predators of different threat levels (tawny owl, Strix aluco, and sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus) and compared the mobbing calls of these two contexts. We hypothesized, based on results of studies in other paridae species, that tits vary the number or type of elements of a call according to predatory context. We found great tits to vary the number of D elements and the interval between those elements. Great tits produced significantly longer D calls with more elements and longer intervals between elements when confronted with a sparrowhawk (high-threat) compared to a tawny owl (low-threat) mount. Furthermore, birds produced more D calls towards the high-threat predator. This suggests that the basic D calls are varied depending on threat intensity.
Buoyant hydrous mantle plume from the mantle transition zone
Authors: Kuritani Takeshi , Xia Qun-Ke , Kimura Jun-Ichi , Liu Jia , Shimizu Kenji , Ushikubo Takayuki , Zhao Dapeng , Nakagawa Mitsuhiro , Yoshimura Shumpei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMagmatism at some intraplate volcanoes and large igneous provinces (LIPs) in continental areas may originate from hydrous mantle upwelling (i.e. a plume) from the mantle transition zone (MTZ) at 410–660 km depths in the Earth’s deep interior. However, the ultimate origin of the magmatism, i.e. why mantle plumes could have been generated at the MTZ, remains unclear. Here, we study the buoyancy of a plume by investigating basalts from the Changbaishan volcano, beneath which a mantle plume from the hydrous MTZ is observed via seismology. Based on carefully determined water contents of the basalts, the potential temperature of the source mantle is estimated to be 1310–1400 °C, which is within the range of the normal upper mantle temperature. This observation suggests that the mantle plume did not have a significant excess heat, and that the plume upwelled because of buoyancy resulting from water supplied from the Pacific slab in the MTZ. Such a hydrous mantle plume can account for the formation of extremely hydrous LIP magmatism. The water was originally sourced from a stagnant slab and stored in the MTZ, and then upwelled irrespective of the presence or absence of a deep thermal plume.