bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilingual representation of distance in visual-verbal sign systems: A case study of Guo Xi’s Early Spring
Authors: Jiang Chengzhi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe purely cognitive semantic approach to verbal distance representation has recently been enriched from the perspective of visual perception theory. Focusing on visual pragmatic effects, the present paper will use distance cues as a set of analytical tools and adopt the cognitive-functional model proposed elsewhere to further explore the issue of visual-verbal coherence through Guo Xi’sEarly Springand the bilingual museum catalogue entries attached to it, in physical exhibitions or virtual museums, with a particular view to explaining how a linguistics- or stylistics-based analysis endorses the interpretation of a specific artwork on discursive and cultural levels.
Interpretant, pure rhetoric, and semiotics of poetry
Authors: Algooneh Juneghani Masoud 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOne of the main components of the Peirce’s semiotics is interpretant, which is formed through the interaction of representamen and object in the mind of the subject. As meaning-production is an endless, infinite process, it is the interpretant that plays a key function in this process; in fact interpretant leads to the revival of some other sign and consequently makes the signification go on in an endless route. Peirce, taking this in mind, asserts that the study of the rules by which an interpretant leads to the revival of another new sign could be established under a comprehensive topic of pure rhetoric. However, the question of pure rhetoric and its rules is almost completely neglected in his writings and his arguments in this regard are no more than a couple of pages. As a result, the present research tries not only to analyze and justify the rules proposed by Peirce, but also investigate theoretically their application in the semiotics of poetry. The researcher, accordingly, by proposing a new model, tries to open up an infinitesimal aperture to the world of semiotics. This goal is somewhat achieved.
Successful Treatment of CAPD Peritonitis Caused by Moraxella Catarrhalis
Authors: Pilcevic Dejan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPeritonitis remains a major complication of peritoneal dialysis which is usually caused by saprophytic gram positive microorganisms originated from skin. Here, I report an unusual case of peritonitis due to Moraxella catarrhalis.A male, 59 age, on peritoneal dialysis modality because ESRD due to diabetic nephropathy was admitted to our hospital due to CAPD peritonitis. After initial empiric treatment and identification of this infrequent causer, he was submitted to two week antibiotic treatment with complete recovery and good prognosis.Peritonitis is the major cause of peritoneal dialysis failure which requires prompt recognition of the causative agent for successful treatment.
The Everyday Life of a Homo Sacer. Enclave Urbanism in Podgorica, Montenegro
Authors: Brković Čarna 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This article ethnographically follows the everyday life of a homo sacer—a young Roma woman who has lived her whole life in a camp for displaced persons. The camp has been built for Roma, Ashkalias, and Balkan Egyptians who in 1999 fled from the violence in Kosovo to Podgorica, the capital of Montenegro. The key aim of the article is to see what happens with the concepts of ‘homo sacer’ and ‘bare life’ when ethnographically engaged in the context of Southeastern Europe. The article argues that ethnographic fieldwork in urban settings reveals in what way a homo sacer has an everyday life and a complex sociopolitical existence, and that camps are urban formations that can be related to very different sociohistorical and political projects.
The Politics of Simulation. Fake Repairs in a Serbian Industrial Town
Authors: Jovanović Deana 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The author explores reparations of urban sites in Bor, a copper processing town in eastern Serbia. She looks at recent attempts at reparations carried out by an industrial company in the context of the town’s and the company’s ‘revival’. She explores ethnographically how the reparations were seen as deceptions, temporary, partial, fake, and superficial, but simultaneously praised as ‘at least something’. The author argues that this ambivalence, which consisted of simultaneous positive and negative dispositions towards the promise the repairs held, resulted in people’s involvement in the ‘politics of simulation’ of the town’s and the copper company’s ‘revival’. She also shows how through people’s hope for order, and through their hope of being moral state subjects, the state became an object of emotional investment.
How to Lose Cases and Influence People
Authors: Hinkle Rachael K. , Nelson Michael J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDissenting opinions are common in the US Supreme Court even though they take time and effort, risk infuriating colleagues, and have no precedential value. In spite of these drawbacks, dissents can potentially contribute to future legal development. We theorize that dissenting justices who use more memorable language are more successful in achieving such long-term impact. To test this theory, we amass an original dataset of citations to dissenting opinions extracted directly from majority opinion text. We further leverage these texts to build an algorithm that quantifies the distinctiveness of dissenting language within a dynamic context. Our results indicate that dissents using more negative emotion and more distinctive words are cited more in future majority opinions. These results contribute to our understanding of how language can influence long-term policy development.
Influence of conventional and extended CT scale range on quantification of Hounsfield units of medical implants and metallic objects
Authors: Ese Zehra , Kressmann Marcel , Kreutner Jakob , Schaefers Gregor , Erni Daniel , Zylka Waldemar 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We report on the suitability of two different ranges of Hounsfield units (HU) in computed tomography (CT) for the quantification of metallic components of active implantable medical devices (AIMD). The conventional Hounsfield units (CHU) range, which is traditionally used in radiology, is well suited for tissue but suspected inappropriate for metallic materials. Precise HU values are notably beneficial in radiotherapy (RT) for accurate dose calculations, thus for the safety of patient carrying implants. Some of today’s CT machines offers an extended Hounsfield units (EHU) range. This study presents CT acquisitions of a water phantom containing various metallic discs and an implantable-cardioverter defibrillator (IPG). We show that the comparison of HU values at EHU and CHU ranges clearly reveals the superiority and accuracy of EHU. Some geometrical discrepancies perpendicular to slices are observed. At EHU metal artifact reduction algorithms (MAR) underestimates HU values rendering MAR potentially inappropriate for RT.
An acoustic waveguide-based approach to the complete characterisation of linear elastic, orthotropic material behaviour
Authors: Johannesmann Sarah , Düchting Julia , Webersen Manuel , Claes Leander , Henning Bernd 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In this paper, a method for the characterisation of orthotropic, plate-shaped material samples is presented. Ultrasonic plate waves are excited at different angles and then detected. Then, a two-dimensional simulation model can be used to inversely estimate a set of material parameters for each angle of propagation. After merging these individual results into a global set of parameters, the material’s elastic behaviour can be described for arbitrary load directions. The procedure is exemplarily applied to characterise continuous-fibre reinforced polymers.
Purification and biochemical characterization of a β-cyanoalanine synthase expressed in germinating seeds of Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench
Authors: Amiola Ruth Ololade , Ademakinwa Adedeji Nelson , Ayinla Zainab Adenike , Nkechi Ezima Esther , Agboola Femi Kayode 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
β-Cyanoalanine synthase plays essential roles in germinating seeds, such as in cyanide homeostasis.

Methods
β-Cyanoalanine synthase was isolated from sorghum seeds, purified using chromatographic techniques and its biochemical and catalytic properties were determined.

Results
The purified enzyme had a yield of 61.74% and specific activity of 577.50 nmol H2S/min/mg of protein. The apparent and subunit molecular weight for purified β-cyanoalanine synthase were 58.26±2.41 kDa and 63.4 kDa, respectively. The kinetic parameters with sodium cyanide as substrate were 0.67±0.08 mM, 17.60±0.50 nmol H2S/mL/min, 2.97×10−1 s−1 and 4.43×102 M−1 s−1 for KM, Vmax, kcat and kcat/KM, respectively. With L-cysteine as substrate, the kinetic parameters were 2.64±0.37 mM, 63.41±4.04 nmol H2S/mL/min, 10.71×10−1 s−1 and 4.06×102 M−1 s−1 for KM, Vmax, kcat and kcat/KM, respectively. The optimum temperature and pH for activity were 35°C and 8.5, respectively. The enzyme retained more than half of its activity at 40°C. Inhibitors such as HgCl2, EDTA, glycine and iodoacetamide reduced enzyme activity.

Conclusion
The biochemical properties of β-cyanoalanine synthase in germinating sorghum seeds highlights its roles in maintaining cyanide homeostasis.
Wendlandia exserta: a pertinent source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agent
Authors: Shahzadi Tayyaba , Riaz Tauheeda , Abbasi Muhammad Athar , Mazhar Farhana , Shahid Muhammad , Ajaib Muhammad 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the present investigation was to assess the antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of various fractions of Wendlandia exserta (Roxbukan Pansara).

Methods
The methanolic extract of W. exserta (Roxbukan Pansara) was dissolved in water (distilled) and then partitioned with solvents e.g. n-hexane, CHCl3, EtOAc and n-BuOH consecutively. Antioxidant potential of above mentioned fractions and remaining aqueous fraction was checked by four methods. Antimicrobial activity was examined by four bacteria and four fungi by the disc diffusion method by using a standard, as positive control.

Results
The aqueous fraction displayed maximum value of diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition (85.94%±0.35) with an IC
50 value of 415.31±0.26 μg mL−1. The aqueous fraction also displayed the maximum ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value [64.5±0.15 μg of trolox equivalents (TE)] as well as maximum inhibition of lipid peroxidation (42.32%±0.59) and maximum value of total phenolic contents (87.10±1.10). However, the n-BuOH fraction was found to display the maximum value of total antioxidant activity (0.529±0.76). The fractions also displayed good antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms.

Conclusions
It was concluded that polar fractions of W. exserta showed good antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, so these might be useful in pharmacological preparations.
Major biological activities and protein profiles of skin secretions of Lissotriton vulgaris and Triturus ivanbureschi
Authors: Karış Mert , Şener Doğancan , Yalçın Hüsniye Tansel , Nalbantsoy Ayşe , Göçmen Bayram 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the total protein amounts, protein profiles, in vitro cytotoxicities, antimicrobial activities and hemolytic effects of skin secretions of the Lissotriton vulgaris and Triturus ivanbureschi.

Methods
Skin secretions were obtained, clarified, supernatants snap-frozen then lyophilized. Total protein amounts were determined by BCA assay kit. Protein profiles were revealed by the SDS-PAGE. The cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity were determined by using MTT assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Hemolytic effects were measured on rabbit red blood cells.

Results

Lissotriton vulgaris and T. ivanbureschi skin secretions have totally 18 and 20 protein fractions. IC50 values were detected between 1.40 and 40.28 μg/mL. The MIC results were found between 7.8 and 250 μg/mL. Lissotriton vulgaris skin secretion showed low hemolytic effect while T. ivanbureschi skin secretion showed high hemolytic effect.

Conclusion
This study is the first report showing the potential of L. vulgaris and T. ivanbureschi skin secretions for cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and hemolytic activity as an alternative therapeutic approach for traditional uses. Further studies need to focus on purification of the active components from these skin secretions and mode of action on cancer cell lines and microorganisms as anti-agents.
Wittgenstein and the Theatre of Confession
Authors: Idziak-Smoczyńska Urszula 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:In this article we perform a juxtaposition of Wittgenstein’s confession with the art of drama. Our aim is to transpose the private language argument criticizing the ostensive definition of internal objects (beetle in a box thought experiment) onto confession and the art of drama performance. The play (possibly called “game”) of the actor is not an expression of his soul interior, but an autonomous necessity in the most decisive meaning – which means: the only thing to be done. Correspondingly, confession doesn’t express any interior misery – it is an acting (the double sense of this word will be further developed), the only possible acting within these conditions, the only possible response to one’s condition – a condition of mutilation where human misery appears very distinctly. Confession creates neither a relation of power (as Foucault was demonstrating in his late writings) nor a form of emotional exhibitionism but a language game consisting on words judging oneself, immune to interpretation, explanation, and vanity coming from their expression. Irreplaceable words become the agent of salvation.1
This article is the effect of great encounters that helped me – a non-Wittgensteinian – to “see” Wittgenstein perhaps more than understand his philosophy. I should first address many thanks to Dr. Ilse Somavilla who welcomed me on the beautiful roof of the Brenner Archives in Innsbruck together with its director Prof. Ulrike Tanzer (Thank you!). It is through Ilse Somavilla’s writings and archive editing work that I could engage myself and follow her on a path of reading Wittgenstein with a sensibility for religion and art.
I owe also a lot of thankfulness to Prof. Alois Pichler for long lasting, repeated hospitality in the Wittgenstein Archives at the Bergen University and great patience for my plans of developing research plans about Wittgenstein in the Polish Galicia. The ability to visit these two places, Norway and Austria, have left inside myself a Wittgensteinian imagery that creates the scenography of my philosophical attempt inside this article. My research would not be possible without receiving the scholarship of the Republic of Austria OEAD for which I also express my deep gratitude.
I am also very grateful to Kasia Mala for her linguistic revision of my article.
And finally, what triggered this Winn-gensteinian performance were unforgettable dinners with Maja, my Mother Agata, and my son Światopełek – to say they were inspiring is not enough…
“What belongs to a language game is a whole culture.”
Authors: Brusotti Marco 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:Wittgenstein remarks that “What belongs to a language game is a whole culture”, and that describing the language games in which the “words we call expressions of aesthetic judgement” are used implies describing “the culture of a period” (LA 1966: 8). Without aiming at a full reconstruction, the paper addresses the gradual emergence of the close conceptual connection between “language game” and “culture” in Wittgenstein’s manuscripts. The apparently obvious idea that “language game” and “form of life” (or “culture”) belong together or even coincide was originally missing. The paper picks out few episodes from Wittgenstein’s philosophical development. The first chapter shows that the topic of cultural diversity emerges in Wittgenstein’s reception of Oswald Spengler’s The Decline of the West, but still plays only a limited role in his first criticism of James Frazer’s The Golden Bough. The second chapter discusses the emergence of the term “language game” and establishes that Wittgenstein’s first language games do not yet imply something like an “anthropological view”. Real and imaginary “peoples” and “tribes” make their first appearance in remarks that ascribe a “primitive” arithmetic to them (chapter 3). Finally, with an eye to the possible influence of Sraffa and Malinowski, the fourth section shows how the Brown Book conceives translation as holistic cultural comparison.
Wittgenstein’s Criticism of the “Atmosphere” Conception of Meaningin PI § 117
Authors: Giesewetter Stefan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:In recent years, so-called “therapeutic” readings of the later Wittgenstein have centered on the claim that his treatment of questions involving “meaning” should not be seen as playing a foundational role for his approach of treating philosophical problems by clarifying the grammar of expressions. As they argue, the treatment of problems involving “meaning” should not be seen as playing a special role for this approach as such. Now in Philosophical Investigations §117, Wittgenstein is bringing in his criticism of the “atmosphere” conception of meaning – which he links directly to his approach of clarifying the grammar of expressions figuring in philosophical problems. Assuming the widespread view that what should be pitted against this “atmosphere” conception are remarks clarifying the grammar of “meaning”, the problem apparently confronting therapeutic readings here is that the clarification of the grammar of this particular word might thus appear to assume yet a special relevance for Wittgenstein’s clarificatory approach as a whole. My aim in this paper is to show that this dilemma is not a real one – by showing that there is actually a problem with the view that remarks clarifying the grammar of “meaning” could play a privileged role in debunking the type of misconception Wittgenstein introduces in PI § 117.
Bengali Women’s Writings in the Colonial Period: Critique of Nation, Narration, and Patriarchy
Authors: Chakraborty Sanchayita Paul , Chakraborty Dhritiman 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Critical engagements like the first autobiography written by a Bengali woman, Rasasundari Devi, and the non-fictions by Kailashbasini Devi, Krishnabhabini Das, and other women writers in the second half of the nineteenth century contested the imagined idealization of the Hindu domesticity and conjugality as spaces of loveableness and spiritual commitment. They criticized coercion in child-marriages and the forceful injunctions of the Hindu scriptures on both married and widowed women. Such rhetoric of quasi empowerment needs to be disaggregated to perpetuate issues of ‘double colonization,’ ‘dual-hold’ in feminism in India. The question is whether there can be any grounds of women’s agency in the Indian tradition. Eurocentric critiques are ill-equipped to politicize all modalities of a culture of social exclusion in Hindu imaginaries. Henceforth, as questions of equality, emancipation, and empowerment are fiercely debated in the public domain in contemporary India, we need to argue how immanent dissenting woman subjectivity can originate to counteract multiple patriarchies formed in Indian immediacies.
»But You Shall Surely Report Concerning Him:« In Defense of the Priority of LXX Deuteronomy 13:9
Authors: Quick Laura 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung:
In diesem Artikel überdenke ich die Vorschläge von Bernard M. Levinson bezüglich der Textgeschichte, Übersetzung und Interpretation des zweiten Gesetzes in Dtn 13. Während Levinson Belege aus neuassyrischen Verträgen nutzte, um die Priorität des MT von Dtn 13,9 gegenüber den unterschiedlichen Varianten der LXX zu stützen, schlage ich vor, dass nordwestsemitische Inschriften, die Sefire-Verträge, ein wichtiger alternativer Zeuge für die Vertragsbildung im Alten Orient und insbesondere in der nordwestsemitischen Erscheinungsform dieser Tradition sind.
Return from Exile: Diglossia and Literary Code-Switching in Ezra 1–7
Authors: Hogue Timothy 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung:
Bisherige rhetorische Analysen des Sprachwechsels im Buch Esra wurden durch ihre Fokussierung auf die Zweisprachigkeit beschränkt. Diese Studie wird einen neuen Ansatz für die Poetik von Esr 1–7 angesichts der neueren soziolinguistischen Forschungen über Diglossie und Sprachideologie vorschlagen. Der Schriftsteller von Esra hat literarisches Codeswitching benutzt, um kontrastierende Sprachvarietäten, die besondere ideologische Haltungen vorgeschlagen haben, nebeneinander zu stellen. Durch den Wechsel zwischen Hebräisch, Reichsaramäisch und einer aramäischen Landessprache hat der Schriftsteller eine literarische Reflexion der Diglossie, die das achämenidische Juda charakterisiert hat, erstellt. Er hat sein Codeswitching geordnet, um den Übergang der Judäer von einer Diasporagemeinde in eine stabilisierte Minderheit und die ideologischen Gespräche, die mit diesem Übergang einhergegangen sind, zu spiegeln. Dabei hat er sprachliche Bezugspunkte für das Publikum gestellt, um sich in diesen Gesprächen zu projizieren. Das Codeswitching des Schriftstellers spiegelt also die Rückkehr des Judäers aus dem Exil und lädt das Publikum ein, ihr neues symbolisches Vaterland zu akzeptieren.
The Nature of Prophecy in Hos 9:7–9
Authors: Kelly William L. 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung:
Dieser Artikel schlägt eine neue Lösung für den schwierigen hebräischen Text von Hos 9,7–9 vor. Obwohl der Text oft nach einem Paradigma der »wahren« und »falschen« Prophetie gelesen worden ist, bieten die Textdetails nicht viel Unterstützung für diese Ansicht. Nach der Übersetzung des hebräischen Textes und der Erläuterung seiner Hauptthemen, argumentiert dieser Artikel gegen Lesungen, die auf ein Paradigma der »wahren« und »falschen« Prophetie angewiesen sind, und schlägt eine neue Lösung für die Crux in 9,8a vor. Statt einer Aussage über die ideale Rolle eines Propheten, findet sich hier eine Beschreibung des Versuchs Israels, den Willen JHWHs zu erkennen.
Itis-Kombinatorik auf den Diskussionsseiten der Wikipedia: Ein Wortbildungsmuster zur diskursiven Normierung in der kollaborativen Wissenskonstruktion
Authors: Gredel Eva 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a corpus study of talk pages on Wikipedia combining morphologic and discourse linguistics approaches. The study reveals that –itisis a highly productive suffix in meta(-linguistic) discourses of the online-encyclopaedia: Wikipedia authors using word formation products with the suffix –itis(e. g.NewstickeritisorWhatsAppitis) try to standardise the collaborative knowledge production with the help of these linguistic innovations. The corpus analysis delivers evidence for the fact that certain linguistic innovations and special types of word formation characterise the community of Wikipedia authors and their discourse traditions. Thereby, this paper contributes to the discussion about digital discourse analysis of natively digital data taking stock of the Wikipedia corpora in the German Reference Corpus (Deutsches Referenzkorpus). The peculiarities of Wikipedia's data will be explained, modes of analysis discussed and the challenges of the suggested integration of morphology and discourse linguistics will be explored.
Audioguidekommunikation als kommunikative Praktik
Authors: Spieß Constanze , König Katharina 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The paper discusses a practice-based approach to the linguistic analysis of audioguide communication. Based on a corpus of 20 audioguide aggregates of visual arts museum exhibitions, specific and recurrent patterns are outlined (opening routines, different patterns of speaker selection, positioning within the given museum space) which suggest that audioguide communication has to be conceptualised as a mediatised practice and as a located or “location-bound” practice. The authors argue that a practice-based approach enables more comprehensive studies which also take the actual in-situ use of audioguide aggregates into account.