bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Hollow Porous CdS Photocatalyst
Authors: Sun Qiming , Wang Ning , Yu Jihong , Yu Jimmy C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEfficient light harvesting and charge separation are of great importance in solar‐energy conversion on photocatalysts. Herein, the synthesis of a novel hollow porous CdS photocatalyst with effectively restrained electron–hole recombination is reported. By using microporous zeolites as a host and a hard template, ultrasmall Pd and PdS nanoparticles can be anchored separately onto the inner and outer surfaces of a hollow CdS structure. The metallic Pd pulls the photoexcited electrons away from CdS while PdS pushes the holes for more thorough oxidation of the sacrificial agent. The final Pd@CdS/PdS product exhibits superior visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of up to 144.8 mmol h−1 g−1. This is among the highest values of all the reported CdS‐based catalysts. This synthetic approach may be used to fabricate other highly efficient catalysts with spatially separated cocatalysts.
Iron‐Catalyzed C(sp2)−C(sp3) Cross‐Coupling of Chlorobenzamides with Alkyl Grignard Reagents: Development of Catalyst System, Synthetic Scope, and Application
Authors: Bisz Elwira , Szostak Michal 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDirect preparation of alkylated amide‐derivatives by cross‐coupling chemistry using sustainable protocols is challenging due to sensitivity of the amide functional group to reaction conditions. Herein, we report the synthesis of alkyl‐substituted amides by iron‐catalyzed C(sp2)−C(sp3) cross‐coupling of Grignard reagents with aryl chlorides. The products of these reactions are broadly used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and other biologically‐active molecules. Furthermore, amides are used as versatile intermediates that can participate in the synthesis of valuable ketones and amines, providing access to motifs of broad synthetic interest. The reaction is characterized by its good substrate scope, tolerating a range of amide substitution, including sterically‐bulky, sensitive and readily modifiable amides. The reaction is compatible with challenging organometallics possessing β‐hydrogens, and proceeds under very mild, operationally‐simple conditions. Optimization of the catalyst system demonstrated the beneficial effect of O‐coordinating ligands on the cross‐coupling. The reaction was found to be fully chemoselective for the mono‐substitution at the less sterically‐hindered position. Mechanistic studies establish the order of reactivity and provide insight into the role of amide to control mono‐selectivity of the alkylation. The protocol provides the possibility for convenient access to alkyl‐amide structural building blocks using sustainable cross‐coupling conditions with high efficiency.magnified image
Synthesis of Enones and Enals via Dehydrogenation of Saturated Ketones and Aldehydes
Authors: Pan Gao‐Fei , Zhu Xue‐Qing , Guo Rui‐Li , Gao Ya‐Ru , Wang Yong‐Qiang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA general, efficient and economic palladium‐catalyzed dehydrogenation to form enones or enals has been developed. The approach possesses extremely broad substrate scope including various linear or cyclic saturated ketones and aldehydes. The protocol is ligand‐free, and molecular oxygen is used as the sole clean oxidant in the reaction. Due to mild reaction conditions, good functional group compatibility, and versatile utilities of enones and enals, the method can be applied in the late‐stage synthesis of natural products, pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.magnified image
UV‐Induced Ferroelectric Phase Transformation in PVDF Thin Films
Authors: Almadhoun Mahmoud N. , Khan Mohammad A. , Rajab Karam , Park Ji Hoon , Buriak Jillian M. , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThin films of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) enable access to efficient hybrid devices that operate at low voltages. However, the preparation of thin films from solution typically yields nonferroelectric crystalline phases that require additional processing steps to transform the nonferroelectric phases to the more desirable ferroelectric polymorphs. Here, a rapid photonic annealing technique is reported that induces an α‐ to β‐phase transformation in PVDF thin films, opening up the opportunity to process the material via high‐throughput processing conditions such as roll‐to‐roll processing. This photonic annealing process uses a microsecond‐scale light pulse to transform the spin‐coated films into the desired ferroelectric PVDF phase. The structural evolution in these films is investigated under brief pulses of light, and it is shown that under optimal photonic annealing conditions, robust devices with a remnant polarization (Pr) up to 5.4 µC cm−2and a coercive field (Ec) around 120 MV m−1can be achieved.
Nature of Power Generation and Output Optimization Criteria for Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Dharmasena R. D. Ishara G. , Deane Jonathan H. B. , Silva S. Ravi P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are in the forefront of next‐generation energy harvesting technologies, having been demonstrated as a leading candidate for numerous applications in energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing. However, critical parameters affecting TENG output behavior and their optimization are not well understood. Herein, for the first time, the power output characteristics of TENGs are fully unveiled by vigorously analyzing their impedance behavior as a function of excitation source and device parameters. In this paper, Norton's theorem, first presented in 1926 for two terminal linear electrical networks, is extended to represent TENGs, allowing accurate visualization of their dynamic power output behavior via small signal analysis. TENG impedance plots are introduced to accurately determine the peak power point of a given design, which holds paramount importance in understanding and improving TENGs. The knowledge with empirical understanding for these variations results in the design and construction of more efficient TENG devices for future applications.
Fyn kinase is a novel modulator of erythropoietin signaling and stress erythropoiesis
Authors: Beneduce Elisabetta , Matte Alessandro , De Falco Luigia , Mbiandjeu Serge , Chiabrando Deborah , Tolosano Emanuela , Federti Enrica , Petrillo Sara , Mohandas Narla , Siciliano Angela , Babu Wilson , Menon Vijay , Ghaffari Saghi , Iolascon Achille , De Franceschi Lucia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe signaling cascade induced by the interaction of erythropoietin (EPO) with its receptor (EPO‐R) is a key event of erythropoiesis. We present here data indicating that Fyn, a Src‐family‐kinase, participates in the EPO signaling‐pathway, since Fyn−/− mice exhibit reduced Tyr‐phosphorylation of EPO‐R and decreased STAT5‐activity. The importance of Fyn in erythropoiesis is also supported by the blunted responsiveness of Fyn−/− mice to stress erythropoiesis. Fyn−/− mouse erythroblasts adapt to reactive oxygen species (ROS) by activating the redox‐related‐transcription‐factor Nrf2. However, since Fyn is a physiologic repressor of Nrf2, absence of Fyn resulted in persistent‐activation of Nrf2 and accumulation of nonfunctional proteins. ROS‐induced over‐activation of Jak2‐Akt‐mTOR‐pathway and repression of autophagy with perturbation of lysosomal‐clearance were also noted. Treatment with Rapamycin, a mTOR‐inhibitor and autophagy activator, ameliorates Fyn−/− mouse baseline erythropoiesis and erythropoietic response to oxidative‐stress. These findings identify a novel multimodal action of Fyn in the regulation of normal and stress erythropoiesis.
Inverse relationship of serum albumin to the risk of venous thromboembolism among acutely ill hospitalized patients: Analysis from the APEX trial
Authors: Chi Gerald , Gibson C. Michael , Liu Yuyin , Hernandez Adrian F. , Hull Russell D. , Cohen Alexander T. , Harrington Robert A. , Goldhaber Samuel Z. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHypoalbuminemia is a common finding and independent predictor for unfavorable prognosis. The prognostic value of albumin measurement for short‐term VTE prediction in hospitalized patients remains unclear. In the APEX trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01583218), medical inpatients were randomized to receive either extended‐duration betrixaban or shorter‐duration enoxaparin and followed for 77 days. Baseline albumin concentrations were obtained in 7266 subjects with evaluable VTE endpoints. The association of baseline albumin to VTE was assessed, with adjustment for patient characteristics, thromboprophylaxis, and biomarkers for fibrinolysis and inflammation (ie, D‐dimer and C‐reactive protein [CRP]). VTE risk refinement was evaluated by incorporation of albumin to well‐validated risk assessment models. A stepwise increase in the risk of VTE (P < .0001) was observed with lower levels of albumin. Patients at the bottom albumin quartile (<35 g/L) had a two‐fold greater odds for developing VTE compared with the top quartile (≥42 g/L) (OR = 2.119 [95% CI, 1.592‐2.820]; adjusted OR = 2.079 [1.485‐2.911]). The odds for VTE increased by 1.368 (95% CI, 1.240‐1.509) times per SD decrement of albumin (5.24 g/L). Compared with the propensity score‐matched pairs of patients with albumin ≥35 g/L, patients with albumin <35 g/L had a greater risk of VTE (OR = 1.623 [1.260‐2.090]; adjusted OR = 1.658 [1.209‐2.272]). Albumin measurement also refined VTE risk discrimination and reclassification after inclusion in the risk assessment models. In conclusion, acutely ill hospitalized patients with low serum albumin had an increased VTE risk through 77 days. VTE risk assessment models for medical inpatients should consider incorporation of baseline albumin measurement.
The influence of maternal height on offspring's birth weight in Merida, Mexico
Authors: Azcorra Hugo , Mendez Nina 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the influence of maternal height (MH) on offspring's birth weight (BW) in infants born from January 2016 to May 2017, in Merida, Mexico.MethodsA total of 3462 singletons born at term in a public hospital were analyzed. Data extracted from hospital records were MH; number of previous births; and infant's sex, BW, and gestational length. MH was divided into 4 categories at quartile points: Q1:129‐147, Q2:148‐151, Q3:152‐155, and Q4:156‐180 cm. BW data were transformed to z‐score values using the WHO Child Growth Standard. The association between MH and infants' BW was analyzed through a multiple regression model in which gestational length, infant's sex, maternal age, ethnicity, and number of previous birth were included as covariates.ResultsMean values of MH and infants' BW were 151.43 cm (SD = 6.32) and 3172 g (SD = 401) (corresponding to −0.29 SD in BW z‐score), respectively. The regression model showed that the shortest quartile of MH was associated with −0.43 (95% CI −0.35 −0.51) SD in infants' BW compared with the highest quartile. The second and third shortest quartiles of MH were associated with −0.24 (95% CI −0.16 −0.32) and −0.17 (95% CI −0.09 −0.25) SD of infants BW, respectively.ConclusionsMH remains an important factor for infant BW even in the presence of other determinants. The influence of MH on infants' BW in this population is similar to that found in other populations in low‐, middle‐, and high‐income countries.
No clear evidence for correlations between handgrip strength and sexually dimorphic acoustic properties of voices
Authors: Han Chengyang , Wang Hongyi , Fasolt Vanessa , Hahn Amanda C , Holzleitner Iris J , Lao Junpeng , DeBruine Lisa M , Feinberg David R , Jones Benedict C 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesRecent research on the signal value of masculine physical characteristics in men has focused on the possibility that such characteristics are valid cues of physical strength. However, evidence that sexually dimorphic vocal characteristics are correlated with physical strength is equivocal. Consequently, we undertook a further test for possible relationships between physical strength and masculine vocal characteristics.MethodsWe tested the putative relationships between White UK (N = 115) and Chinese (N = 106) participants' handgrip strength (a widely used proxy for general upper‐body strength) and five sexually dimorphic acoustic properties of voices: fundamental frequency (F0), fundamental frequency's SD (F0‐SD), formant dispersion (Df), formant position (Pf), and estimated vocal‐tract length (VTL).ResultsAnalyses revealed no clear evidence that stronger individuals had more masculine voices.ConclusionsOur results do not support the hypothesis that masculine vocal characteristics are a valid cue of physical strength.
A brief procedure for big data analysis of gene expression
Authors: Wang Kewei , Wang Wenji , Li Mang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThere are a lot of biological and experimental data from genomics, proteomics, drug screening, medicinal chemistry, etc. A large amount of data must be analyzed by special methods of statistics, bioinformatics, and computer science. Big data analysis is an effective way to build scientific hypothesis and explore internal mechanism. Here, gene expression is taken as an example to illustrate the basic procedure of the big data analysis.
Carbonyl‐Olefin‐Kreuzmetathese mittels Licht‐induzierter 1,3‐Diol‐Bildung‐ und Fragmentierungssequenz
Authors: Pitzer Lena , Sandfort Frederik , Strieth‐Kalthoff Felix , Glorius Frank 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEine durch sichtbares Licht vermittelte Carbonyl‐Olefin‐Kreuzmetathese wird beschrieben. Photoinduzierte Lochkatalyse ermöglicht ausgehend von Aldehyden und Styrolen die Bildung von 1,3‐Diolen, die anschließend unter sauren Bedingungen direkt zu Kreuzmetatheseprodukten fragmentieren. Die Verwendung von 1,3‐Diolen als Intermediate anstelle der energetisch anspruchsvolleren Oxetane liefert eine neue, orthogonale Strategie für die Carbonyl‐Olefin‐Kreuzmetathese. Darüber hinaus erfordert dieser Ansatz keine Metalle, Liganden oder Additive und liefert die Produkte mit einer hohen E‐Selektivität. Ein möglicher Mechanismus wird gezeigt, erklärt und durch theoretische Berechnungen sowie Experimente belegt. Weiterhin wird eine praktische Synthese eines neuen Photokatalysators auf Acridiniumbasis inklusive vollständiger Charakterisierung vorgestellt.
Polymer complexes. LXXIII. Synthesis, characterization, thermal properties, electron spin resonance study and antimicrobial activity of Cu(II) polymer complexes: Relation between representative Pascal constants and thermal activation energy of decomposition
Authors: El‐Sonbati A.Z. , Diab M.A. , Morgan Sh.M. , El‐Mogazy M.A. 
Published: September 2018

A series of copper(II) polymer complexes (1–4) of 3‐allyl‐5‐(4‐nitrophenylazo)‐2‐thioxothiazolidine‐4‐one (HL) were synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. Infrared spectral data indicate that the copper ion is coordinated through the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group and the nitrogen atom of the hydrazone group. Magnetic moment and electron spin resonance studies indicate a square planar geometry for the Cu(II) polymer complexes. The polymer complex 4 is polycrystalline with a high degree of crystallinity compared with polymer complexes 1–3. The affinity of polymer complexes 1–4 to calf thymus DNA was determined through UV–visible DNA binding titration, with intrinsic binding constants of 3.09 × 105, 4.76 × 105, 5.19 × 104 and 9.22 × 105 M−1 for 1–4, respectively. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of 3‐allyl‐2‐thioxothiazolidin‐4‐one, HL and Cu(II) polymer complexes 1–4 were investigated. Polymer complex 4 has greater antibacterial activity than 3‐allyl‐2‐thioxothiazolidin‐4‐one, HL and Cu(II) polymer complexes 1–3 against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium. The thermal activation energy of decomposition of the polymer complexes decreases in the order 2 > 1 > 3. This is consistent with the order of the strength of metal–anion interactions, i.e. NO3− >Cl− >CH3COO−.
Self‐Assembly and C−H⋅⋅⋅Anion Hydrogen Bonding of Palladium(II)‐based Metallacalixarenes Using Pyridyl‐ or Phenyl‐Bridged Di‐Naphthoimidazoles
Authors: Deng Wei , Yu Zheng‐Su , Liu Xue‐Hui , Yu Shu‐Yan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMetal‐directed self‐assembly approaches led to the formation of two novel boat‐shaped palladium(II)‐based metallacalixarenes 1 (1 a, 1 b and 1 c) and 2 (2 a, 2 b and 2 c), by using the two new ligands 2,6‐bis(1H‐naphtho[2,3]imidazol‐1‐yl)pyridine (L1) and 1,3‐bis(1H‐naphtho[2,3]imidazol‐1‐yl)benzene (L2) with cis‐coordinated PdII precursor (tmeda)Pd(ONO2)2 (tmeda=N, N, N′, N′‐tetra‐methylethylenediamine), repectively. All complexes with different counterions were systematically characterized in solution, and their structures were determined by X‐ray single crystallography analyses in the solid state. The crystal architectures were subtly regulated among different anions through two types (inter‐ and intra‐)molecular C−H hydrogen bonding interactions and other weak interactions. The anion complexation with the two metal‐assembled anion receptors were further investigated in solution.
The role of prefrontal cortex in a moral judgment task using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Dashtestani Hadis , Zaragoza Rachel , Kermanian Riley , Knutson Kristine M. , Halem Milton , Casey Aisling , Shahni Karamzadeh Nader , Anderson Afrouz A. , Boccara Albert Claude , Gandjbakhche Amir 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the neural basis of moral judgment (MJ) and human decision‐making has been the subject of numerous studies because of their impact on daily life activities and social norms. Here, we aimed to investigate the neural process of MJ using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a noninvasive, portable, and affordable neuroimaging modality.MethodsWe examined prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation in 33 healthy participants engaging in MJ exercises. We hypothesized that participants presented with personal (emotionally salient) and impersonal (less emotional) dilemmas would exhibit different brain activation observable through fNIRS. We also investigated the effects of utilitarian and nonutilitarian responses to MJ scenarios on PFC activation. Utilitarian responses are those that favor the greatest good while nonutilitarian responses favor moral actions. Mixed effect models were applied to model the cerebral hemodynamic changes that occurred during MJ dilemmas.Results and conclusionsOur analysis found significant differences in PFC activation during personal versus impersonal dilemmas. Specifically, the left dorsolateral PFC was highly activated during impersonal MJ when a nonutilitarian decision was made. This is consistent with the majority of relevant fMRI studies, and demonstrates the feasibility of using fNIRS, with its portable and motion tolerant capacities, to investigate the neural basis of MJ dilemmas.
Chemosystematic Significance of Essential Oil Constituents and Furanocoumarins of Underground Parts and Fruits of Nine Heracleum L. Taxa from Southeastern Europe
Authors: Ušjak Ljuboš J. , Drobac Milica M. , Niketić Marjan S. , Petrović Silvana D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe composition of the essential oils and the furanocoumarin profiles of CH2Cl2 extracts from underground parts and fruits of nine Heracleum taxa (Apiaceae) from Southeastern Europe were statistically analyzed to evaluate their chemosystematic significance. Eight investigated taxa (H. orphanidis and members of H. sphondylium group: H. sphondylium, H. sibiricum, H. montanum, H. ternatum, H. pyrenaicum subsp. pollinianum, H. pyrenaicum subsp. orsinii and H. verticillatum) belong to the type section of the genus. Additionally analyzed taxon, H. austriacum subsp. siifolium, belongs to H. sect. Wendia. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the essential oils was performed by GC‐FID and GC/MS, and of the furanocoumarins by LC/MS. Furanocoumarins were identified using standards and/or based on UV, MS, 1H‐ and ROESY NMR spectra. Multivariate statistics (PCA, nMDS, UPGMA) of analyzed metabolites showed that the investigated taxa were grouped according to their taxonomic classification. PCA revealed the significance of some monoterpenes and (Z)‐falcarinol of the underground parts oils, octyl esters of the fruit oils, and most of the total of 12 identified furanocoumarins.
Three‐dimensional printing assisted transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect with deficient posterior–inferior rim
Authors: Yan Chaowu , Wang Cheng , Pan Xiangbin , Li Shiguo , Song Huijun , Liu Qiong , Xu Nan , Wang Jianpeng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThough successful transcatheter closure has been reported in secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) with deficient posterior–inferior rim, it is still difficult to screen the appropriate candidates. Three‐dimensional printing (3DP) makes in vitro trial occlusion possible, and might provide a feasible method in the prediction of successful closure.MethodsThirty‐five consecutive ASD patients (10M/25F, age, 47.7 ± 11.8 years) with deficient posterior–inferior rim (≤3 mm) were referred for attempted transcatheter closure, and personalized heart model (elastic rubber) was produced based on end‐systolic MSCT images. The in vitro measurement and trial occlusion were performed for preoperative evaluation (in vitro successful/unsuccessful group), and the results were compared with postoperative outcomes.ResultsSuccessful in vitro occlusion was achieved in 30 patients (7M/23F), and the size of ASD was 27.1 ± 4.4 mm. The posterior–inferior rim was 0.95 ± 1.22 mm (rim defect in 17 patients), and 12 patients were associated with aortic rim deficiency. The subsequent transcatheter closure was performed successfully in 29 patients, and the occluder‐diameter was identical to that of in vitro occlusion (35.0 ± 4.4 mm). The follow‐up (1.4 ± 0.58 years) showed no residual shunt and related‐complications. In unsuccessful in vitro group (n = 5), the range of rim deficiency was wider (P = 0.019) and the rim to inferior vena cava was shorter (4.60 ± 2.07 mm vs. 10.71 ± 5.28 mm, P = 0.016). Furthermore, transcatheter closure failed in all patients.ConclusionsIn ASD with deficient posterior–inferior rim, 3DP allows accurate determination of the size and surrounding rims of ASD. Based on personalized heart model, in vitro trial occlusion is an effective method to identify the appropriate candidates for transcatheter closure.
Chemically stimulated luminescence from food proteins
Authors: Costa‐Lima Bruno , Zhao Jing , Boatright William L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and objectivesProtein powders contain metastable radicals that are released upon hydration. The influence of protein source, free radical content, and hydration condition on luminescence was investigated.FindingsHydration of rice, soy, pea, and egg albumin generated a burst of luminescence in the absence of added enhancers/stimulates. Rice proteins were generated from 3 to 10 times more luminescence than other protein samples. Hydrating proteins with 25 mM H2O2 increased the luminescence intensities from all food proteins. Luminescence maximums occurred between 550–600 nm for rice protein, 500–600 nm for soy protein, and two peaks from egg albumin (500–550 nm and <450 nm). Carbon‐centered metastable radicals were most abundant in rice protein which contained between 3.87 × 1016–53.44 × 1016 spins per gram. Plotting intrinsic luminescence versus spins per gram (including all types of proteins examined) revealed an r‐square of 0.771.ConclusionsBased on peak shape, g‐value (2.0050 ± 0.0003) and power saturation (4–8 mW), metastable radicals in proteins were identified as carbon‐centered. Both intrinsic and added sources of oxidative stimuli strongly correlate with the generation of chemically stimulated luminescence from hydrated proteins.Significance and noveltyThese findings are the first to correlate the quantity of metastable radicals in rice proteins with intrinsic luminescence generated upon hydration and provide spectral characterization of luminescence from these proteins.