bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Investigation Into the Effect of ACTN3 and ACE Polymorphisms on Muscle and Performance Characteristics
Authors: Wagle John P. , Carroll Kevin M. , Cunanan Aaron J. , Wetmore Alexander , Taber Christopher B. , DeWeese Brad H. , Sato Kimitake , Stuart Charles A. , Stone Michael H. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Wagle, JP, Carroll, KM, Cunanan, AJ, Wetmore, A, Taber, CB, DeWeese, BH, Sato, K, Stuart, CA, and Stone, MH. Preliminary investigation into the effect of ACTN3 and ACE polymorphisms on muscle and performance characteristics. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 688–694, 2021—The purpose of this investigation was to explore the phenotypic and performance outcomes associated with ACTN3 and ACE polymorphisms. Ten trained men (age = 25.8 ± 3.0 years, height = 183.3 ± 4.1 cm, body mass = 92.3 ± 9.3 kg, and back squat to body mass ratio = 1.8 ± 0.3) participated. Blood samples were analyzed to determine ACTN3 and ACE polymorphisms. Standing ultrasonography images of the vastus lateralis (VL) were collected to determine whole muscle cross-sectional area (CSA-M), and a percutaneous muscle biopsy of the VL was collected to determine type I–specific CSA (CSA-T1), type II–specific CSA (CSA-T2), and type II to type I CSA ratio (CSA-R). Isometric squats were performed on force platforms with data used to determine peak force (IPF), allometrically scaled peak force (IPFa), and rate of force development (RFD) at various timepoints. One repetition maximum back squats were performed, whereby allometrically scaled dynamic strength (DSa) was determined. Cohen's d effect sizes revealed ACTN3 RR and ACE DD tended to result in greater CSA-M but differ in how they contribute to performance. ACTN3 RR's influence seems to be in the type II fibers, altering maximal strength, and ACE DD may influence RFD capabilities through a favorable CSA-R. Although the findings of the current investigation are limited by the sample size, the findings demonstrate the potential influence of ACTN3 and ACE polymorphisms on isometric and dynamic strength testing. This study may serve as a framework to generate hypotheses regarding the effect of genetics on performance.
Sex Differences in Resting Metabolic Rate Among Athletes
Authors: Jagim Andrew R. , Camic Clayton L. , Askow Andy , Luedke Joel , Erickson Jacob , Kerksick Chad M. , Jones Margaret T. , Oliver Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Jagim, AR, Camic, CL, Askow, A, Luedke, J, Erickson, J, Kerksick, CM, Jones, MT, and Oliver, JM. Sex differences in resting metabolic rate among athletes. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 3008–3014, 2019—The purpose of this study was to compare differences in resting metabolic rate (RMR) between sexes in Division III National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) collegiate athletes and to identify predictors of RMR. Sixty-eight male (M) (age: 20.1 ± 1.5 years; height: 181.8 ± 5.9 cm; body mass (BM): 93.7 ± 16.3 kg; and body fat%: 16.3 ± 8.6%) and 48 female (F) athletes (age: 19.4 ± 1.3 years; height: 166.5 ± 6.0 cm; BM: 63.4 ± 12.7 kg; and body fat%: 21.5 ± 6.3%) participated in a single day of testing, which included determination of RMR using indirect calorimetry and air displacement plethysmography to measure fat mass and fat-free mass (FFM). An independent-samples t-test was used to compare differences in body composition and RMR between sexes, and regression analysis was used to identify predictors of RMR. Men had a significantly higher absolute RMR (M: 2,481 ± 209 vs. F: 1,553 ± 193 kcals·d−1; p < 0.001), but when adjusted for BM (M: 25.6 ± 8.3 vs. F: 25.9 ± 2.5 kcals·kg−1 BM per day; p = 0.82) and FFM (M: 31.1 ± 10.6 vs. F: 33.6 ± 3.8 kcals·kg−1 FFM per day; p = 0.12), these differences became nonsignificant. Regression analysis indicated that BM in both men (β = 0.73) and women (β = 0.88) was the strongest predictor of RMR. The results of the current study indicate minimal differences in RMR between sexes among athletic populations when adjusted for BM and FFM. In the current group of athletes, BM seems to account for the largest variability in RMR.
How to Improve Change-of-Direction Speed in Junior Team Sport Athletes—Horizontal, Vertical, Maximal, or Explosive Strength Training?
Authors: Keller Sebastian , Koob André , Corak Dino , von Schöning Valerian , Born Dennis-Peter 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Keller, S, Koob, A, Corak, D, von Schöning, V, and Born, DP. How to improve change-of-direction speed in junior team sport athletes—Horizontal, vertical, maximal, or explosive strength training? J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 473–482, 2020—The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of 4 different training methods on change-of-direction (COD) speed in junior team sport athletes. Specifically, we investigated whether horizontal load training incorporating lateral acceleration and deceleration would induce superior performance adaptations with respect to COD speed, compared with common vertically oriented maximal strength (squats and deadlifts), explosive strength (power clean and high pull), and vertical jumping exercises. Male U15 team sport athletes (n = 45) were assigned to 1 of 4 groups and performed 2 intervention training sessions per week for 4 weeks, in addition to their usual sport-specific training. Before and after the training period, COD speed, countermovement and drop jump heights, 1-legged lateral jump, and standing long jump performance were assessed. All 4 training groups improved COD speed (p ≤ 0.01, effect size [ES] ≥1.35). Countermovement and 1-legged lateral jump performance improved with the horizontal load (p < 0.01, ES = 0.81 and p < 0.01, ES = 1.36), maximal (p = 0.01, ES = 0.56 and p < 0.01, ES = 1.14), and explosive strength training (p < 0.01, ES = 0.95 and p < 0.01, ES = 1.60, respectively). The standing long jump improved with the maximal (p < 0.01, ES = 1.14) and explosive strength training (p < 0.01, ES = 0.60). In conclusion, all 4 training methods improved the COD speed in junior U15 team sport athletes. These findings emphasize the importance of well-developed lower-body strength and power, which contribute to fast COD speed. From a practical perspective, conditioning programs for junior athletes can incorporate horizontally and vertically oriented exercises with similar effectiveness on COD speed.
Test-Retest Reliability Between Free Weight and Machine-Based Movement Velocities
Authors: Miller Ryan M. , Freitas Eduardo D.S. , Heishman Aaron D. , Koziol Karolina J. , Galletti Bianca A.R. , Kaur Japneet , Bemben Michael G. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Miller, RM, Freitas, EDS, Heishman, AD, Koziol, KJ, Galletti, BAR, Kaur, J, and Bemben, MG. Test-retest reliability between free weight and machine-based movement velocities. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 440–444, 2020—Several devices are available to measure muscular power through velocity measurement, including the Tendo FitroDyne. The ability for such devices to produce consistent results is still questioned, and the reproducibility of measurement between free weight and machine exercise has yet to be examined. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to determine the test-retest reliability for barbell velocity during the bench press (BP) and weight velocity during the 2 leg press (2LP) for loads corresponding to 20–80% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Forty recreationally active individuals (22.6 ± 2.5 years; 175.9 ± 10.8 cm; and 76.2 ± 13.2 kg) with a 1RM BP and 2LP of 66.8 ± 32.4 kg and 189.5 ± 49 kg, respectively, volunteered for this study. Subjects completed 1 familiarization visit preceding 3 testing visits, which encompassed 1RM determination and 2 days of velocity testing. Forty-eight hours after 1RM testing, the subjects performed 1 repetition at 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% of their 1RM for each exercise in randomized order. Subjects returned to the laboratory 1 week later to perform the velocity assessment again in randomized order. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) and relative SEM for the BP and 2LP ranged from 0.56 to 0.98 (3–18.1%) and 0.78 to 0.98 (2.8–7.2%), respectively, and no mean differences were observed between trials. The results suggest high reliability for BP velocity between 30 and 60% 1RM and moderate reliability at 20, 70, and 80% 1RM, while the 2LP displayed high to excellent reliability from 20 to 80% 1RM. Cumulatively, machine-based exercise displayed greater reproducibility; however, additional machine exercises need to be examined to bolster this conclusion.
Shifted Exponential Distribution: Bayesian Estimation, Prediction and Expected Test Time under Progressive Censoring
Authors: Aslam Muhammad , Noor Farzana , Ali Sajid 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this article, we present Bayesian estimation of a shifted exponential distribution assuming progressive type-II censoring with random removals. Bayes estimators and their respective posterior risks are derived under the squared error loss function and the precautionary loss function. Moreover, the credible intervals and expected experiment time along with the Bayesian predictive intervals for one- and two-sample cases are also discussed. A comparison of the expected experiment time under complete and type-II progressive censoring is also a part of this study. Finally, a real-life example is provided to illustrate the proposed methodology.
Previbration Signature on Dynamic Properties of Dry Sand
Authors: Yang Z. X. , Wen Y. X. , Pan K. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The shear modulus and damping ratio of soils at low to medium strains are essential input parameters in dynamic response analysis of soils. As soil elements in the field always have a history of being subjected to vibrations due to earthquakes, construction works, and vehicle motions, etc., the previbration effect on the dynamic properties of soils needs to be addressed appropriately. This study presents a series of tests performed by a newly developed resonant column system that enables the assessment of the dynamic properties of soils that have only undergone dozens of vibration cycles to investigate the impact of the vibration history on the dynamic properties of dry sand. Both the shear modulus and damping ratio of sand under different confining pressures (p′) are measured after the application of a previbration with a wide range of vibration amplitudes (γpre) and number of cycles (N). The results show that an elastic threshold strain exists for the dynamic properties of sand, beyond which the effect of the vibration history can be identified from the shear modulus reduction and damping ratio curves. The results also confirm that the effect of the vibration history on dry sand depends on the test variables of γpre, N, and p′. In addition, a new interpretation method is proposed to quantify the combined effects of γpre and N on the signature of the vibration history, which could potentially be useful for interpreting the dynamic properties of the in situ soils that may experience previbration.
Effect of Aging and Temperature on the Viscosity of the Adhesive Used for Retard-Bonded Prestressed Systems
Authors: Zhang Xue , Fan Xinglang , Jiang Fangxin , Liu Fan , Yin Yuan , Jin Hongyi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The viscosity of Retard-Hardening Adhesive (RHA) varies with the hardening of resin-based materials and greatly affects the workability and prestress loss of retard-bonded prestressed systems. So far, the effect of aging time on the viscosity of the RHA has not been revealed, which hampers the further application of Retard-Bonded Prestressed Reinforcements. In the current article, therefore, an experimental study is developed to evaluate the effect of aging time on the viscosity of RHA. Different exposure temperatures and hardening periods of RHA are considered in the rheological test. Test results show that when the aging time and exposure temperature remain the same, and as the shear rate increases, the viscosity of the RHA firstly decreases rapidly and then remains basically constant. The peak viscosity increases with the aging time, exposure temperature, or both. The effects of temperature on the peak viscosity are different at different stages of aging. The effect of the hardening period on the peak viscosity can be eliminated by introducing the relative aging time. Finally, an empirical model is suggested to predict the peak viscosity of the RHA at different aging times, and the results show that the proposed model agrees well with the experimental results.
Design Proposal for Synthetic Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Pipes Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Al Rikabi Fouad T. , Sargand Shad M. , Hussein Husam H. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Synthetic fibers have been used recently to minimize the use of steel reinforcement cages in concrete pipes. Several studies have been conducted to determine the optimum fiber dosage complying with ASTM C76, Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe, strength requirements. There is still need for a comprehensive design method covering a wide range of pipe diameters. The objective of this study was to develop design tables for synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete pipe similar to those proposed in the ASTM C76 standard. The finite element model of the three-edge bearing test was calibrated and validated using the experimental results from previous work by the authors. The linear and nonlinear behavior of the synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete material was characterized using the concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model. For input data representing concrete material properties, compression strength, tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity were determined for five fiber dosages: 0, 4.75, 6, 7, and 9 kg/m3. Based on the experimental results, a new modified compression model was adopted to represent the compression behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete in the finite element models. Also, the tension behavior was defined using a model proposed by past research. A parametric study was conducted on four parameters: pipe diameter, pipe wall thickness, fiber dosage, and steel cage area. The parametric study results were summarized in tables that can be used as a reference for a new synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete pipe standard.
Strain Rate Sensitivity Effect Measured in 316 Steel by the Small Punch Testing Method
Authors: Lowrie F. , Gorley M. , Surrey E. , Wynne B. , Wilkes D. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
An investigation has been carried out to verify if the strain rate sensitivity effect of 316 steel material can be measured using the small punch test method. It was found that the effect was observed during small punch testing over a displacement rate range of 0.0125–1.25 mm/min, with maximum load increasing as the rate increased, and the strain rate sensitivity exponent m was calculated as 0.018. This result highlights the importance of specifying the strain rate conditions when using the small punch test method.
Epilepsi ve anlıksal yetiyitimi olan hastalarda moleküler karyotiplemenin klinik yararı
Authors: BİŞGİN Atıl , TUĞ BOZDOĞAN Sevcan 
Published: September 2018

Amaç: Çalışmamızda epilepsi ve anlıksal yetiyitimlerinde ilk basamak tanı testi olarak moleküler karyotipleme yapmayı ve bu hastalıklar ile ilişkisini ortaya koymayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çukurova Üniversitesi Balcalı Hastanesi Tıbbi Genetik Polikliniği'ne başvuran ve geniş bir klinik problem yelpazesi sergileyen 580 hastaya Affymetrix CytoScan platform aracılı moleküler karyotipleme yapıldı.Bulgular: Moleküler karyotipleme sonucunda anlıksal yetiyitimi olan hastaların %41’inde mikrodelesyon, %32’sinde duplikasyon ve %50’sinde hem delesyon hem de duplikasyon tespit edildi. Epilepsi hastalarının %16’sında mikrodelesyon, %34’ünde duplikasyon ve %50’sinde delesyon ve duplikasyon; anlıksal yetiyitiminin eşlik ettiği epileptik hastalarda %33.3 mikrodelesyon, %44.4 duplikasyon ve %22.2 hem delesyonlar hem de duplikasyon bulundu. Ayrıca, bu çalışmada bir epileptik hastada uniparental dizomi ve 2 hastada marker kromozom saptandı. Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlar, moleküler karyotipleme tekniğinin klinik rutinde uygulanmasının ve elde edilen verilerin tıbbi genetik uzmanı tarafından yorumlanmasının kromozom düzeyindeki anomalilerin veya sendromların tanınmasında faydalı olduğunu göstermektedir. Özellikle epilepsi ve anlıksal yetiyitimi olan hastaların tanısında ilk basamak tanı testi olarak moleküler karyotipleme tercih edilebilir.
THE INFLUENCE OF PRODUCT PRESENTATION MODE AND ACADEMIC MAJOR ON THE MOTIVATION OF HAPTIC
Authors: Lin Chih-Long , Chen Si-Jing 
Published: September 2018

Purpose of the study: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of product presentation mode and education background of the subject on the willingness of touch, preferences and visual imagery.
Methodology: A total of 60 students were recruited to participate. The independent variables included product presentation mode (physical products, backgrounds removed image, scenario photo) and academic major of the subject (design major or management major). Three different kind dependent variables were measured in the study. On physical product condition, one sample was placed in front of subjects at a time. Both backgrounds removed image and scenario photo conditions, the subjects view experimental photos through a 22-inch LCD screen. They watched the sample item for 10 seconds and then were asked to assess the subjective questionnaire.
Main Findings: The study results showed that when watching a physical product, the motivation of touch was greatest. The scenario photo generated more positive feelings and resulted in higher preference rating. The willingness of touch, preference and sensory ratings of management major students were higher than design major students.
Applications of this study: The findings of this study can serve as a reference for enterprises to properly present products on web pages in order to increase consumers’ motivation to touch and preference.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study reinforces construction of a model of motivation to touch, and find that product presentation mode significant affect motivation to touch, preference and novelty feeling.
EVALUATION ON THE INSTALLATION OF THE AUTOMATIC LANE BARRIERS (ALB) BY CAMPUS COMMUNITY
Authors: Abdul Rahman Mahfuzah , Abdul Kadir Hasnah , Wok Saodah 
Published: September 2018

Purpose of the Study: This study examines the evaluation of Automatic Lane Barriers (ALB) system implementation on the campus community. The objectives of this study are to identify the differences between male and female on their evaluations towards the ALB system; and to determine the differences between staff and student on their attitude, behaviour, perceived usefulness (PU), and perceived ease of use (PEU) towards the ALB system.
Methodology: This study applies the quantitative research design using the survey method where self-administered questionnaires are used as the instrument for data collection. A total of 271 respondents participated in this study.
Main Findings: The findings show that, on the whole, campus community have a positive evaluation pertaining to perceived usefulness of the ALB system implementation only. There is no significant difference between male and female respondents on all variables while there are significant differences between staff and student towards the ALB system for all variables concerned.
Applications of this Study: This study adapted the items in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to a newly implemented Automatic Lane Barriers (ALB) installation to differentiate the acceptance of ALB system according to gender and designation. The main reason for such implementation is to increase security and safety measures for the campus community.
Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study is done immediately after the ALB is enforced. Thus, the findings act as the benchmark for the acceptance of any new innovation for the campus community in the future.
COACH-PLAYER COMMUNICATIONS: AN ANALYSIS OF TOP-LEVEL COACHING DISCOURSE AT A SHORT-TERM ICE HOCKEY CAMP
Authors: Elmes David 
Published: September 2018

Purpose: This study sought to analyze the instructional discourse of top-level coaches to identify the specific language content of coaching discourse in practice.
Methodology: The study analyzed the recorded discourse of four coaches of the West Coast Hockey Prep Camp in Port Alberni, BC, Canada, between 2012 and 2016. Transcriptions of on-ice instructions were analyzed using Provalis QDA Miner v5.0.1 and Provalis WordStat v7.1.6 software to determine word-type and frequency.
Main findings: The processed corpus of 21,376 words produced 1,022 quantifiable words which were classified into one or more of the categories of single-category language (i.e. General (G), General Slang (GSl), Sports Specific (SS), and Sports General (SG)), or the eight additional multi-category sub-categories (i.e. G/GSl, G/SS, G/SG, SS/SG, GSl/SG, G/SS/SG, G/GSl/SG, and GSl/SS/SG). Analyses revealed that single-category vocabulary (i.e. G, GSl, SS, and SG) made up 75.2% of the categorized language, with SS (4.6%) and SG (11.1%) making up 15.7% of the total.
Applications: An understanding of the linguistic framework of instructional language in short-term training camps allows athletes to invest greater focus in their athletic performance in camp. The results offer athletes contextual reference for preparatory language study and authentic linguistic insight for the counter of potential target language anxiety.
Novelty/Originality: Results indicate that top-level coaches relied significantly less on sports-specific word-type to facilitate their instruction and suggest that a general comprehension of English can provide a strong foundation for understanding top-level coaching discourse. This provides significant insight for athletes harboring concerns for English proficiency and coach-player miscommunication.
Kreativitas Siswa dan Upaya Guru Bimbingan dan Konseling/Konselor dalam Pengembangannya
Authors: Hasanah Arrahmil , Ilyas Asmidir , Afdal Afdal 
Published: September 2018

Creativity is a person's ability to create something new. Creativity of students need to be cultivated by all of their environment, such as their parents, teacher’s subjects, or guidance and counseling teacher. This research aims to describe the creativity of the students in SMPN 2 Padang, and describe the efforts to be made by the teacher guidance and counseling in developing the creativity of students. The type of this research is the research of combinations (Mixed method), the populations of this research are 536 people, with 88 samples using proportional random sampling technique. The source of this data research is from primary data collected by using paper test to appereance the creativity (AUKREF) and interviews with the guidance and counseling teachers. The results of this research are: (1) The creativity level of the students are in good category (71.6%) with the average score of student is 54.34. (2) The efforts made by guidance and counseling in developing students' creativity is to create a sense of safe to the students, recognizing the advantages of students creative, strategies or tips in favor of the students to be more creative, to help student who has the creativity to understanding their differences with the other children, give opportunities for creative students to communicate ideas, and provide guidance and counseling services in developing students' creativity. Based on these findings, it hopefully the guidance and counseling teacher can optimize guidance and counseling services in developing students' creativity at SMPN 2 Padang.