bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of polyphenylmethylsiloxanes and their enhancement on tribological properties of titanium complex grease
Authors: Li J. , Yin H. , Zhai C. , Wang A. , Shen L. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTPolyphenylmethylsiloxanes (PPMSs) with the phenyl/methyl mole ratios of 0.25:1–0.75:1 were facilely synthesized using phenylmethyldichlorosilane, diphenyldichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, and hexamethyldisiloxane as the raw materials with the hydrolysis‐condensation method. The molecular weights (M
w) of the as‐synthesized PPMSs ranged from 1248.7 to 27 014.0. The maximum molecular weight was obtained at the phenyl/methyl ratio of 0.65:1. Titanium complex greases were prepared by using titanium carboxylate as the thickener and PPMS/mineral oil (KN4010) as the mixed base oil. When the weight percentage of PPMS (phenyl/methyl mole ratio of 0.45:1) in the mixed base oil was 20%, the dropping point of the resultant titanium complex grease increased by 21 °C as compared with the sole mineral oil‐based titanium complex grease. The friction coefficient and the wear scar dimension were 0.54 and 0.69 times those of the sole mineral oil‐based titanium complex grease, respectively. According to thermogravimetric analysis–differential scanning calorimetry analysis, the working temperature of the titanium complex grease could reach 240 °C. The addition of PPMS in the titanium complex grease obviously improved its thermal stability and tribological properties. The present work developed a new category of titanium complex grease using PPMS and mineral oil as the mixed base oil. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47168.
Do cognitive deficits persist into adolescence in autism?
Authors: Cantio Cathriona , White Sarah , Madsen Gitte Falcher , Bilenberg Niels , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard 
Published: September 2018

Several theories have attempted to characterise autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) at the cognitive level, most notably: theory of mind (ToM), executive function (EF), and a local processing bias (LB). The aim of this study was to investigate how these cognitive functions develop over timeThe three cognitive domains (ToM, EF, and LB) were examined in a group of high‐functioning children (age: 8–12, mean 10.85; IQ: 78–139, mean 105.48) with ASD and a matched group of children with neurotypical development (NTD) (IQ: 75–145, mean: 109.47), and several tasks were used within each domain to ensure the validity of the cognitive measures. Approximately 3 years later (mean age: 14.34), all children and their families were invited to participate in the follow‐up (ASD, N = 21; NTD, N = 30). While the understanding of other's minds does improve from childhood to adolescence, ToM impairment persists in adolescents with ASD relative to their peers. Likewise, a development in EF was observed in the ASD group, while no significant improvement was seen in the NTD group, leading the ASD group to catch up in this domain. We did not detect any group differences at any time point regarding local bias processing (LB). Individual patterns of development were seen, but remarkably, ToM deficits were present in every child with ASD in whom we could detect any cognitive impairment at baseline, and a similar pattern was found at follow‐up. These findings indicate that ToM is a persistent cognitive deficit in ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1229–1238. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThis was the first study to investigate the development of three well‐known cognitive functions into adolescence: While the understanding of other's minds improves from childhood to adolescence, adolescents with ASD are still impaired relative to their peers. The EFs, however, seem to improve to a neurotypical level in ASD as children enter adolescence, while local processing bias seems to differentiate the groups only in early childhood.
Will jurors correct for evidence interdependence in their verdicts? It depends
Authors: Pate Margaret , Kienzle Megan , Vogler Vanessa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThroughout an investigation, pieces of evidence are likely to contaminate one another, yet at trial jurors are expected to treat pieces of evidence as if they are independent. Are jurors able to understand potential evidence contamination? The present study showed mock jurors a videotaped trial simulation. Participants were randomly assigned to hear testimony regarding one piece of evidence, two pieces of independent evidence, or two pieces of interdependent evidence. The study tested the hypothesis that jurors who hear evidence that is interdependent will be just as likely to find the defendant guilty as jurors who hear about two pieces of independent evidence. When an eyewitness's identification was the uncontaminated piece of evidence, our hypothesis was supported. However, when the confession was the uncontaminated piece of evidence, jurors seemed to understand that one piece of evidence had been influenced by another and adjusted their beliefs about the defendant's guilt accordingly. This study supports the conclusion that jurors can sometimes identify and correct for evidence contamination in their perceptions of a defendant's guilt. Implications for reform support are discussed.
Interpretation of the mechanism of action of antituberculosis drug bedaquiline based on a novel two‐ion theory of energy coupling in ATP synthesis
Authors: Nath Sunil 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) claims the lives of 1.3 million people each year, more than any other bacterial infection. Hence great interest was generated in health communities upon the recent introduction of the new diarylquinoline anti‐TB drug, bedaquiline. Bedaquiline acts by binding to the c‐subunit in the membrane‐bound FO portion of the F1FO‐adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, the universal enzyme that produces the ATP needed by cells. However, the mechanism of killing by bedaquiline is not fully understood. Recent observations related to the bactericidal effects of bedaquiline, which show that it is a potent uncoupler of respiration‐driven ATP synthesis in Mycobacterium smegmatis are summarized. These observations are then interpreted from the standpoint of Nath's two‐ion theory of energy coupling in ATP synthesis (Nath, Biophys. Chem. 2017; 230:45–52). Especial importance is given to the interpretation of biochemical fluorescence quenching data, and the differences between the uncoupling induced by bedaquiline from that by the classical anionic uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation are highlighted. Suggestions for new experiments that could lead to a better understanding of the uncoupling mechanism are made. A model of uncoupling action by the drug is presented, and the biochemical basis underlying uncoupling of ATP synthesis and lethality in mycobacteria is elucidated. The major biological implications arising from these novel insights are discussed. It is hoped that the analysis will lead to a more fundamental understanding of biological energy coupling, uncoupling and transduction, and to an integrated view for the design of novel antimicrobials by future research in the field.
Retracted: GNA13 promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis by upregulating CXC chemokines via the NF‐κB signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Zhongqiang , Tan Xiao , Luo Jing , Cui Beibei , Lei Sanlin , Si Zhongzhou , Shen Liangfang , Yao Hongliang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGNA13 has been found overexpressed in various types of cancer, which is related to tumor metastasis and progression. However, the biological functions of GNA13 in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the role of GNA13 in CRC and investigate the mechanism of how GNA13 promotes tumor growth. Interestingly, our findings showed that GNA13 is commonly upregulated in CRC, where these events are associated with a worse histologic grade and poor survival. Increased expression levels of GNA13 promoted cell growth, migration, invasion, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, whereas GNA13 silencing abrogated these malignant phenotypes. In addition, overexpressing GNA13 in cancer cells increased the levels of the chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL4, which contributed to CRC proliferation and colony formation. Moreover, our mechanistic investigations suggest that the NF‐κB/p65 signaling pathway was activated by the increase in GNA13 levels. Inhibiting the NF‐κB/p65 pathway with an inhibitor decreased GNA13‐induced migration, invasion and CXCL chemokine level increases, indicating the critical role of NF‐κB/p65 signaling in mediating the effects of GNA13 in CRC. Together, these results demonstrate a key role of GNA13 overexpression in CRC that contributes to malignant behavior in cancer cells, at least in part through stimulating angiogenesis and increasing the levels of the NF‐κB‐dependent chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL4.
Assessment of pasting characteristics of size fractionated industrial parboiled and non‐parboiled broken rice
Authors: Bruce Rebecca M. , Atungulu Griffiths G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and objectivesRice flour generated from broken rice (brokens) has inconsistencies in functional properties. This may be due to differences in size and composition of brokens used for the flour. It is postulated that size classification of brokens can improve flour functionality. Parboiled brokens generated at 12.5% (aged rice) and 18% (fresh rice) moisture content (MC, wet basis) and non‐parboiled (regular) brokens were obtained from commercial milling streams. Broken rice was also generated from six cultivars (two long‐grain pureline, two long‐grain hybrids, and two medium‐grain) of freshly harvested rough rice that were dried at 25°C in the laboratory. The brokens were classified into large, medium, and small, using US sieve size 10, 12, and 20 respectively. Comingling of the brokens based on size was done. Pasting property of the broken rice flour was determined using the Rapid Visco Analyzer.FindingsThe results indicate that the MC of rice before parboiling affects the pasting property of the parboiled broken rice flour, thus rice parboiled at 12.5% MC (aged rice) had higher peak viscosity and final viscosity than rice parboiled at 18% MC (fresh rice). Larger brokens had better pasting properties than smaller brokens. Smaller brokens had higher protein content than large brokens. Whole kernels had higher peak and final viscosities than brokens across all cultivars. These differences may be due to variations in starch distributions across the rice kernel. Comingling of large and small brokens produced flour that has pasting property like either the medium or small brokens.ConclusionsSize classification of brokens is important in maintaining consistency in the pasting properties of the broken rice flour and resulting products.Significance and noveltySize fractionation of brokens provides the opportunity to better understand the functionality of brokens, to direct them to the right end‐use processes and to maximize the potential of this by‐product in producing premium and high‐quality products.
Tuberculous colon perforation mimicking acute appendicitis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Nahida El‐Rifai , Hassan Harissi , Nabil Daoud , Emmanuelle Leteurtre , Frédéric Gottrand 
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical MessageAcute appendicitis is the most common surgical condition encountered in the pediatric age group but the clinical presentation could be misleading. This highlights the importance of exploratory laparotomy even in the absence of systemic manifestations in order not to miss a serious underlying pathology such as intestinal tuberculosis.
A Manganese(V)–Oxo Tetraamido Macrocyclic Ligand (TAML) Cation Radical Complex: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity Studies
Authors: Karmalkar Deepika G. , Li Xiao‐Xi , Seo Mi Sook , Sankaralingam Muniyandi , Ohta Takehiro , Sarangi Ritimukta , Hong Seungwoo , Nam Wonwoo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA mononuclear manganese(V)–oxo complex with tetraamido macrocyclic ligand (TAML), [MnV(O)(TAML)]− (1), is a sluggish oxidant in oxidation reactions. Herein, a mononuclear manganese(V)–oxo TAML cation radical complex, [MnV(O)(TAML+.)] (2), is reported. It was synthesized by reacting [MnIII(TAML)]− with 3.0 equivalents of [RuIII(bpy)3]3+ or upon addition of one‐electron oxidant to 1 and then characterized thoroughly with various spectroscopic techniques along with DFT calculations. Although 1 is a sluggish oxidant, 2 is a strong oxidant capable of activating C−H bonds of hydrocarbons (i.e., hydrogen atom transfer reaction) and transferring its oxygen atom to thioanisoles and olefins (i.e., oxygen atom transfer reaction).
Low‐Cost One‐Pot Synthesis of WS2 Quantum Dots with Wide Emission Spectrum for Light‐Emitting Applications
Authors: Yin Wenxu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Bai Xue , Xue Dingke , Zhuang Xingwei , Song Hongwei , Yu William W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe report a facile and low‐cost synthesis of WS2 quantum dots with bright broad‐band emission, which are suitable for lighting applications. The thus fabricated WS2 light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) exhibit voltage independent electroluminescence spectra, and the optimized white LEDs generate a high color rendering index of 93.
Shenmai injection improves the postoperative immune function of papillary thyroid carcinoma patients by inhibiting differentiation into Treg cells via miR‐103/GPER1 axis
Authors: Fang Tie , Li Jianjun , Wu Xianjiang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractShenmai injection (SMI) is increasingly used in tumor combination therapy, devoting to enhancing anti‐tumor effects and reducing the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs. This study aimed to explore the role of SMI in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) treatment. Flow cytometry was used to examine Treg cells percentage in CD4 + T cells. The expression of RNA and protein was analyzed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot, respectively. Inducers were used to stimulate CD4 + T cells to differentiate into Treg cells. The interaction between miR‐103 and G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) was confirmed with the dual luciferase assays. Cell transfection and recombinant plasmids were used to achieve endogenous expression. Compared with patients not treated with 131I, the Treg cells percentage and Foxp3 expression were clearly increased in patients with 131I radiotherapy, just the opposite in SMI combination therapy. SMI inhibited the differentiation of CD4 + T cells into Treg cells. Aberrant expression of miR‐103 and GPER1 induced by 131I was reversed by SMI and 131I combination therapy. GPER1 was negatively regulated by miR‐103 and SMI inhibits the differentiation of CD4 + T cells into Treg cells via miR‐103/GPER1 axis, which improves the postoperative immunological function of PTC patients with 131I radiotherapy.
Time trends in healthcare‐detected incidence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in the Norwegian National Patient Register (2010–2016)
Authors: Reas Deborah Lynn , Rø Øyvind 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveFew studies have investigated temporal trends in the incidence of eating disorders (EDs). This study investigated time trends in the age‐ and sex‐specific incidence of healthcare‐detected anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) from 2010 to 2016.MethodsData were retrieved from the Norwegian National Patient Register as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10): narrowly defined AN (F50.0), broadly defined AN (F50.0 + 50.1), narrowly defined BN (F50.2), and broadly defined BN (F50.2 + 50.3). The average annual percent changes (AAPCs) in incidence rates (IRs) were examined by Joinpoint regression analyses.ResultsThe overall (i.e., both genders, ages 10–49) rates of AN were stable across the 7‐year period, with IRs ranging from 18.8 to 20.4 per 100,000 for narrowly defined AN and 33.2 to 39.5 per 100,000 for broadly defined AN, whereas overall rates of BN declined. Age‐ and gender‐stratification revealed a significant average annual increase in AN (narrow and broad) among 10‐ to 14‐year‐old girls. The incidence of broadly defined AN also increased significantly among females aged 15–19 years between 2010 and 2012, before leveling off. Nearly universal declines in the incidence of narrowly and broadly defined BN among females occurred. IRs among males were stable and comparatively low, with no significant trends toward increasing or decreasing rates of AN or BN over time.DiscussionAlthough register‐based studies provide an underestimate of the true incidence and may not accurately reflect population‐level changes in true ED occurrence, this study extends our knowledge regarding trends in the detected incidence of EDs into the second decade of the 21st century.
Self‐report measures of loss of control over eating: Psychometric properties in clinical and non‐clinical samples
Authors: Bodell Lindsay P. , Forney Katherine Jean , Chavarria Jesus , Keel Pamela K. , Wildes Jennifer E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveResearch evidence supports the clinical significance of subjective feelings of loss of control over eating; however, limited attention has been given to how this construct is assessed. Two measures have been developed in recent years (i.e., Eating Loss of Control Scale [ELOC] and Loss of Control over Eating Scale [LOCES]), but further validation in clinical and non‐clinical samples is needed.MethodThe current study evaluated the psychometric properties, including factor structure, criterion validity, and measurement invariance of the ELOC and LOCES across two groups: (a) a clinical sample of individuals with eating disorders (n = 106) and (b) a non‐clinical sample of college students (n = 321).ResultsConfirmatory factor analyses indicated that the 16‐item version of the ELOC and 7‐item brief version of the LOCES provided good fit to the data in both samples. These measures were highly correlated (r = .83–.87) and associated with binge‐eating and related psychopathology. The ELOC demonstrated partial invariance between men and women and between the clinical and non‐clinical samples. The LOCES‐brief demonstrated full invariance between men and women and partial invariance between the clinical and non‐clinical samples.DiscussionFindings suggest that the 16‐item ELOC and 7‐item LOCES are reliable measures of severity of loss of control eating in clinical and non‐clinical samples. Given the brevity of the LOCES‐brief and evidence for measurement invariance across sex, it is recommended over the ELOC in heterogeneous samples. Future research is needed to confirm the validity of these measures across individuals with and without eating disorders.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Atherosclerosis: Insights from Pre‐Clinical Studies
Authors: Ramji Dipak P. 
Published: September 2018

Atherosclerosis and its complications are responsible for more global deaths than any other disease. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of medium and large arteries that can cause clinical complications such as myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accidents. Current therapies against atherosclerosis mainly target the dyslipidemia associated with the disease and are associated with considerable residual risk for cardiovascular disease together with various side effects. In addition, the outcomes of clinical trials on many pharmaceutical agents against promising therapeutic targets have been disappointing. This has resulted in considerable recent interest on nutraceuticals in the prevention of atherosclerosis and as add‐on with current pharmaceutical therapies. However, nutraceutical research has considerably lagged those on pharmaceuticals on two key aspects, large clinical trials and mechanistic insights. The latter forms the focus of this review in relation to the potential beneficial actions of polyunsaturated fatty acids as identified from pre‐clinical studies.Practical Applications: There is substantial recent interest in the use of nutraceuticals for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. It is therefore important that the molecular mechanisms underlying their protective actions are fully understood and large clinical trials are carried out to evaluate their efficacy. Polyunsaturated fatty acids represent promising anti‐atherogenic agents. This review illuminates on the mechanisms underlying their actions in relation to atherosclerosis as revealed from pre‐clinical studies using in vitro and in vivo model systems.Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disorder of the vasculature and the underlying cause of cardiovascular disease. Current therapies against atherosclerosis are not fully effective and the outcomes on many promising pharmaceutical agents have been disappointing. This has generated substantial interest in nutraceuticals such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the prevention and treatment of this disease. This review describes the actions of omega‐3 and ‐6 PUFAs on key cellular processes associated with atherosclerosis in vitro and the development of the disease in mouse model systems in vivo together with the mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects and studies in humans.
Right‐ and left‐wing prejudice toward dissimilar groups in cultural and economic domains
Authors: Czarnek Gabriela , Szwed Paulina , Kossowska Małgorzata 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAccording to recent studies, people on both the political right and left show prejudice toward groups whose beliefs are in conflict with their own. This prediction applies to both cultural and economic dimensions of political beliefs. In three studies (N = 499) we demonstrate that people on both the cultural and economic right and left show negative attitudes toward groups on the other side of the given spectrum and that underlying this effect is the perception of value violation. In two out of three studies, we manipulated the extremity of target worldviews to further explore the causal chain between political beliefs, the perception of value violation, and prejudice. Our results showed a high degree of symmetry between the political left and right in their attitudes toward groups with dissimilar beliefs. However, although people on both sides of the political spectrum show prejudice toward each other, people on the cultural and economic right seem to be more sensitive to value violations than people on the left.
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of sago hampas into biobutanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824
Authors: Husin Hazwani , Ibrahim Mohamad Faizal , Kamal Bahrin Ezyana , Abd‐Aziz Suraini 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSimultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was conducted to produce biobutanol from sago hampas. Sago hampas is a waste generated from the processing of sago starch. This waste is composed of 54.6% starch and 31.7% of cellulose and hemicellulose, with only 3.3% of lignin. In order to fully utilize the starch and cellulosic materials, saccharification using a mixture of amylase (Dextrozyme) and cellulase (Acremonium cellulase) was conducted using 0.09 g/mL sago hampas, producing 67.0 g/L of fermentable sugar. The SSF and delayed SSF (DSSF) were conducted using 0.07 g/mL sago hampas with the optimized enzyme loading of Dextrozyme amylase (71.4 U/gsubstrate) and Acremonium cellulase (20 FPU/gsubstrate). The SSF of sago hampas generated 6.12 g/L of solvents with biobutanol concentration of 3.81 g/L and the yield of 0.11 g‐biobutanol/g‐sugar. In order to improve biobutanol concentration and productivity, DSSF was introduced. In DSSF, the inoculum was introduced into the system after 24 hour of fermentation to allow the optimal saccharification process for sugar production. This process generated 4.62 g/L of biobutanol which was 18% higher than normal SSF since the saccharification and fermentation were operated at their optimal condition.