bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic Fast Electrically Switchable Emission from Composites of CsPbBr3 Perovskite Quantum Cuboids in a Nematic Liquid Crystal
Authors: Satapathy Pragnya , Santra Pralay K. , Haque Anamul , Yelamaggad C. V. , Das Shyamashis , Prasad S. Krishna 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFast electrically switchable anisotropic photoluminescence from a nano‐soft composite comprising a nematic liquid crystal (LC) and quantum cuboids of a cesium lead halide perovskite is reported. The magnitude of the anisotropy in emission appears to be dictated by the anisotropy of the LC and the capability of the cuboids to form a linear chain, the latter being evidenced through optical and electron microscopy. Application of an ac electric field of small amplitude and its consequent coupling to the LC director is employed to continuously vary the magnitude of the green emission. By appealing to a two‐frequency protocol, the emission could be alternated between the anisotropic limits 40 times faster than with a standard protocol. These studies assume importance to obtain backlight sources having narrow full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum (FWHM) and polarized emission for achieving high‐quality low‐cost LC displays. While conventionally, the light source and the LC are separate entities, the possibility of combining the two functionalities in a single material is highly desirable from the fabrication point of view.
All‐Solid‐State Fiber Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Volumetric Energy Density and Outstanding Flexibility
Authors: Pan Zhenghui , Yang Jie , Zhang Qichong , Liu Meinan , Hu Yating , Kou Zongkui , Liu Na , Yang Xin , Ding Xiaoyu , Chen Hao , Li Jia , Zhang Kai , Qiu Yongcai , Li Qingwen , Wang John , Zhang Yuegang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFiber supercapacitors (FSCs) represent a promising class of energy storage devices that can complement or even replace microbatteries in miniaturized portable and wearable electronics. One of their main limitations, however, is the low volumetric energy density when compared with those of rechargeable batteries. Considering the energy density of FSC is proportional to CV2 (E = 1/2 CV2, where C is the capacitance and V is the operating voltage), one would explore high operating voltage as an effective strategy to promote the volumetric energy density. In the present work, an all‐solid‐state asymmetric FSC (AFSC) with a maximum operating voltage of 3.5 V is successfully achieved, by employing an ionic liquid (IL) incorporated gel‐polymer as the electrolyte (EMIMTFSI/PVDF‐HFP). The optimized AFSC is based on MnOx@TiN nanowires@carbon nanotube (NWs@CNT) fiber as the positive electrode and C@TiN NWs@CNT fiber as the negative electrode, which gives rise to an ultrahigh stack volumetric energy density of 61.2 mW h cm−3, being even comparable to those of commercially planar lead‐acid batteries (50–90 mW h cm−3), and an excellent flexibility of 92.7% retention after 1000 blending cycles at 90°. The demonstration of employing the ILs‐based electrolyte opens up new opportunities to fabricate high‐performance flexible AFSC for future portable and wearable electronic devices.
Discovery of Calcium‐Metal Alloy Anodes for Reversible Ca‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yao Zhenpeng , Hegde Vinay I. , Aspuru‐Guzik Alán , Wolverton Chris 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCa‐ion batteries (CIBs) show promise to achieve the high energy density required by emerging applications like electric vehicles because of their potentially improved capacities and high operating voltages. The development of CIBs is hindered by the failure of traditional graphite and calcium metal anodes due to the intercalation difficulty and the lack of efficient electrolytes. Recently, a high voltage (4.45 V) CIB cell using Sn as the anode has been reported to achieve a remarkable cyclability (>300 cycles). The calciation of Sn is observed to end at Ca7Sn6, which is surprising, since higher Ca‐content compounds are known (e.g., Ca2Sn). Here, the Sn electrochemical calciation reaction process is investigated computationally and the reaction driving force as a function of Ca content is explored using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This exploration allows the identification of threshold voltages which govern the limits of the calciation process. This information is then used to design a four‐step screening strategy and high‐throughput DFT is utilized to search for anode materials with higher properties. Many metalloids (Si, Sb, Ge), (post‐)transition metals (Al, Pb, Cu, Cd, CdCu2) are predicted to be promising inexpensive anode candidates and warrant further experimental investigations.
Risk factors for incisional surgical site infection after elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery
Authors: Chida Keigo , Watanabe Jun , Suwa Yusuke , Suwa Hirokazu , Momiyama Masashi , Ishibe Atsushi , Ota Mitsuyoshi , Kunisaki Chikara , Endo Itaru 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundSurgical site infection (SSI) is a common morbidity in patients undergoing colorectal surgery, and the focus of previous studies has primarily been on incisional SSI. Most reports thus far have focused on open surgery rather than on laparoscopic colorectal surgery (Lap CR). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the risk factors for incisional SSI in patients undergoing elective Lap CR.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence and risk factors of incisional SSI for elective Lap CR. From January 2008 to June 2018, 1825 consecutive patients with a preoperative diagnosis of colorectal cancer who underwent Lap CR were analyzed at a single institution.ResultsIncidence of incisional SSI was 3.3%. Postoperative hospital stay (days) was significantly longer in the incisional SSI group than in the non‐incisional SSI group (8 [6‐12] vs 10 [8‐19], P < 0.001). Incisional SSI were significantly associated with five operative factors: blood loss (g) (P < 0.014), midline wound length (mm) (P = 0.038), suture materials (P = 0.014), suture technique (interrupted vs continuous mass closure, P = 0.003), and organ/space SSI (P = 0.041). Multivariate analysis showed that continuous mass closure (odds ratio 0.290; 95% confidence interval 0.101‐0.831, P = 0.021) was the only factor independently associated with the incidence of incisional SSI.ConclusionsIncidence of incisional SSI was comparable to that in previous reports. Continuous mass closure decreased the risk of incisional SSI in elective Lap CR.
Weather cues associated with masting behavior dampen the negative autocorrelation between past and current reproduction in oaks
Authors: Moreira Xoaquín , Abdala‐Roberts Luis , Pérez‐Ramos Ignacio M. , Knops Johannes M. H. , Pesendorfer Mario B. , Koenig Walter D. , Mooney Kailen A. 
Published: January 2019

Premise of the StudyThe influence of weather conditions on masting and the ecological advantages of this reproductive behavior have been the subject of much interest. Weather conditions act as cues influencing reproduction of individual plants, and similar responses expressed across many individuals lead to population‐level synchrony in reproductive output. In turn, synchrony leads to benefits from economies of scale such as enhanced pollination success and seed predator satiation. However, there may also be individual‐level benefits from reproductive responses to weather cues, which may explain the origin of masting in the absence of economies of scale. In a previous study, we found support for a mechanism whereby individual responses to weather cues attenuate the negative autocorrelation between past and current annual seed production—a pattern typically attributed to resource limitation and reproductive tradeoffs among years.MethodsHere we provide a follow‐up and more robust evaluation of this hypothesis in 12 species of oaks (Quercus spp.), testing for a negative autocorrelation (tradeoff) between past and current reproduction and whether responses to weather cues associated with masting reduce the strength of this negative autocorrelation.Key ResultsOur results showed a strong negative autocorrelation for 11 of the species, and that species‐specific reproductive responses to weather cues dampened this negative autocorrelation in 10 of them.ConclusionsThis dampening effect presumably reflects a reduction in resource limitation or increased resource use associated with weather conditions, and suggests that responses to weather cues conferring these advantages should be selected for based on individual benefits.
Delayed retroperitoneal hemorrhage during veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a case report
Authors: Sugiura Gaku , Bunya Naofumi , Yamaoka Ayumu , Okuda Hiroki , Saito Masato , Mizuno Hirotoshi , Inoue Hiroyuki , Narimatsu Eichi 
Published: January 2019

CaseThere are several reports of retroperitoneal hemorrhage induced by percutaneous femoral cannulation for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, there are no reports of delayed retroperitoneal hemorrhage, which develops a few days after ECMO initiation and is unrelated to the ECMO cannulation. Herein, we report a rare case of delayed retroperitoneal hemorrhage during veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV‐ECMO).OutcomeA 54‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital because of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. We initiated VV‐ECMO. The patient had severe delirium and was confined to a long‐term supine position to maintain circuit safety. On day 13, computed tomography unexpectedly revealed a large retroperitoneal hemorrhage spreading around the psoas muscle.ConclusionDelayed retroperitoneal hemorrhage can develop during VV‐ECMO management a few days after its initiation. Anticoagulant use and forceful muscular strain could be risk factors of delayed retroperitoneal hemorrhage.
Photoresponsive Circular Supramolecular Polymers: A Topological Trap and Photoinduced Ring‐Opening Elongation
Authors: Adhikari Bimalendu , Aratsu Keisuke , Davis Joyal , Yagai Shiki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTopological features of one‐dimensional macromolecular chains govern the properties and functionality of natural and synthetic polymers. To address this issue in supramolecular polymers, we synthesized two topologically distinct supramolecular polymers with intrinsic curvature, circular and helically folded nanofibers, from azobenzene‐functionalized supramolecular rosettes. When a mixture of circular and helically folded nanofibers was exposed to UV light, selective unfolding of the latter open‐ended supramolecular polymers was observed as a result of the curvature‐impairing internal force produced by the trans‐to‐cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene. This distinct sensitivity suggests that the topological features of supramolecular polymers define their mechanical stability. Furthermore, the exposure of circular supramolecular polymers in more polar media to UV irradiation resulted in ring opening followed by chain elongation, thus demonstrating that the circular supramolecular polymer can function as a topological kinetic trap.
Chemische Epigenetik: der Einfluss chemischer und chemo‐biologischer Techniken auf die Zielstruktur‐Validierung von Bromodomänen
Authors: Schiedel Matthias , Moroglu Mustafa , Ascough David M. H. , Chamberlain Anna E. R. , Kamps Jos J. A. G. , Sekirnik Angelina R. , Conway Stuart J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractViele Disziplinen befassen sich gegenwärtig mit Epigenetik, da diese von Bedeutung für viele biologische Vorgänge und pathologische Zustände ist. Auf molekularer Ebene fußen epigenetische Prozesse auf Modifizierungen in Nukleinbasen der DNA und RNA und/oder posttranslationalen Modifizierungen (PTMs) von Histonproteinen. Die Hinweise mehren sich, dass diese Modifikationen einer dynamischen Regulation unterliegen, mit einer zum Teil bereits identifizierten zellulären Maschinerie, die der Modulation und Interpretation dieser Markierungen dient. Wir konzentrieren uns hier auf Bromodomänen, die an acetylierte Lysinreste (KAc) binden. Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Bromodomänen und ihrer Liganden werden von vielen Disziplinen beflügelt, wobei der Chemie und der chemischen Biologie eine besondere Rolle zukommt. Hier werden die chemischen und chemo‐biologischen Schlüsseltechniken diskutiert, mit deren Hilfe Bromodomänen erforscht und Liganden der Bromodomänen entwickelt werden konnten – unabdingbare Voraussetzungen für die Validierung der Bromodomäne als therapeutisch sinnvolle Zielstruktur.
A Hybrid Anion for Ionic Liquid and Battery Electrolyte Applications: Half Triflamide, Half Carbonate
Authors: Gunderson‐Briggs Kaitlyn E. , Rüther Thomas , Best Adam S. , Kar Mega , Forsyth Craig , Izgorodiana Ekaterina I. , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Hollenkamp Anthony F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of a new imide type anion, methylcarbonate(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (MCTFSI) is described and the physicochemical properties of its sodium and N‐butyl‐N‐methyl pyrrolidinium salts as well as structural information obtained by X‐ray diffraction studies of the sodium salt are discussed in terms of charge delocalisation, coordination chemistry and electrochemical behaviour with respect to the analogous imdides bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI). The insight obtained from studying the new anion informs and reemphasizes the concept of weakly coordinating anions and coordination chemistry in designing electrolyte salts.
A genetic tool for evaluating male‐mediated stock introgression in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Gabián María , Morán Paloma 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The Atlantic salmon shows strong population structure with reduced gene flow, owing to homing behaviour. Supportive breeding with allochtonous parr or fish‐farm escapees could affect native population genetic structure by the introgression of foreign genes. Mature male parr are potentially powerful vehicles for promoting introgression: they can fertilize eggs in competition with anadromous males. As a consequence, foreign males contribute more to introgression than foreign females. This effect must be taken into account for the correct development of conservation programmes. Foreign males constitute an inadvertent way to disrupt the genetic structure, as the allochtonous parr or fish‐farm escapees can survive in the river during the parr stage.
A short polymorphic fragment of the sex‐determining gene (sdY) was used as a marker to assess introgression via males into south European salmon populations. In order to find haplotype variants for the intronic sequence of sdY, samples were investigated from 16 different rivers across the distribution range of the salmon, together with historical samples (1950–1960) from three Spanish rivers.
Two novel haplotypes, in addition to the three already described in Atlantic salmon, were found for this locus. Most samples, including historical ones, displayed the common haplotype (D) previously found in salmon all over Europe; however, north European haplotype variants were also detected in salmon inhabiting the southern European rivers that were systematically supplemented with foreign stocks between 1981 and 1994.
Analysis of haplotype variation in the sdY intron constitutes a powerful and inexpensive tool, not only to specifically assess male‐mediated introgression into natural populations of Atlantic salmon, but also for monitoring salmon escapees.
Tactile hypersensitivity and GABA concentration in the sensorimotor cortex of adults with autism
Authors: Sapey‐Triomphe Laurie‐Anne , Lamberton Franck , Sonié Sandrine , Mattout Jérémie , Schmitz Christina 
Published: January 2019

Sensory hypersensitivity is frequently encountered in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been hypothesized to play a role in tactile hypersensitivity. The aim of the present study was twofold. First, as a study showed that children with ASD have decreased GABA concentrations in the sensorimotor cortex, we aimed at determining whether the GABA reduction remained in adults with ASD. For this purpose, we used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure GABA concentration in the sensorimotor cortex of neurotypical adults (n = 19) and ASD adults (n = 18). Second, we aimed at characterizing correlations between GABA concentration and tactile hypersensitivity in ASD. GABA concentration in the sensorimotor cortex of adults with ASD was lower than in neurotypical adults (decrease by 17%). Interestingly, GABA concentrations were positively correlated with self‐reported tactile hypersensitivity in adults with ASD (r = 0.50, P = 0.01), but not in neurotypical adults. In addition, GABA concentrations were negatively correlated with the intra‐individual variation during threshold measurement, both in neurotypical adults (r = −0.47, P = 0.04) and in adults with ASD (r = −0.59, P = 0.01). In other words, in both groups, the higher the GABA level, the more precise the tactile sensation. These results highlight the key role of GABA in tactile sensitivity, and suggest that atypical GABA modulation contributes to tactile hypersensitivity in ASD. We discuss the hypothesis that hypersensitivity in ASD could be due to suboptimal predictions about sensations. Autism Research 2019, 12: 562–575. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryPeople with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience tactile hypersensitivity. Here, our goal was to highlight a link between tactile hypersensitivity and the concentration of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) (an inhibitory neurotransmitter) in the brain of adults with ASD. Indeed, self‐reported hypersensitivity correlated with reduced GABA levels in brain areas processing touch. Our study suggests that this neurotransmitter may play a key role in tactile hypersensitivity in autism.
Complete observation of all structural, conformational, and fibrillation transitions of monomeric globular proteins at submicellar sodium dodecyl sulfate concentrations
Authors: Huda Noorul , Hossain Mujahid , Bhuyan Abani K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlthough considerable information is available regarding protein–sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) interactions, it is still unclear as to how much SDS is needed to denature proteins. The role of protein charge and micellar surfactant concentration on amyloid fibrillation is also unclear. This study reports on equilibrium measurements of SDS interaction with six model proteins and analyzes the results to obtain a general understanding of conformational breakdown, reorganization and restructuring of secondary structure, and entry into the amyloid fibrillar state. Significantly, all of these responses are entirely resolved at much lower than the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of SDS. Electrostatic interaction of the dodecyl sulfate anion (DS−) with positive surface potential on the protein can completely unfold both secondary and tertiary structures, which is followed by protein chain restructuration to α‐helices. All SDS‐denatured proteins contain more α‐helices than the corresponding native state. SDS interaction stochastically drives proteins to the aggregated fibrillar state.
Peptoids advance multidisciplinary research and undergraduate education in parallel: Sequence effects on conformation and lipid interactions
Authors: Jimenez Christian J. , Tan Jiacheng , Dowell Kalli M. , Gadbois Gillian E. , Read Cameron A. , Burgess Nicole , Cervantes Jesus E. , Chan Shannon , Jandaur Anmol , Karanik Tara , Lee Jaenic J. , Ley Mikaela C. , McGeehan Molly , McMonigal Ann , Palazzo Kira L. , Parker Samantha A. , Payman Andre , Soria Maritza , Verheyden Lauren , Vo Vivian T. , Yin Jennifer , Calkins Anna L. , Fuller Amelia A. , Stokes Grace Y. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPeptoids are versatile peptidomimetic molecules with wide‐ranging applications from drug discovery to materials science. An understanding of peptoid sequence features that contribute to both their three‐dimensional structures and their interactions with lipids will expand functions of peptoids in varied fields. Furthermore, these topics capture the enthusiasm of undergraduate students who prepare and study diverse peptoids in laboratory coursework and/or in faculty led research. Here, we present the synthesis and study of 21 peptoids with varied functionality, including 19 tripeptoids and 2 longer oligomers. We observed differences in fluorescence spectral features for 10 of the tripeptoids that correlated with peptoid flexibility and relative positioning of chromophores. Interactions of representative peptoids with sonicated glycerophospholipid vesicles were also evaluated using fluorescence spectroscopy. We observed evidence of conformational changes effected by lipids for select peptoids. We also summarize our experiences engaging students in peptoid‐based projects to advance both research and undergraduate educational objectives in parallel.
Analytical validation and clinical application of urinary vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid by LC–MS/MS for diagnosis of neuroblastoma
Authors: Shen Ying , Li Huijun , Lu Jie , Luo Xia , Guan Qing , Cheng Liming 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) are clinical biomarkers for diagnosis of neuroblastoma (NB), which commonly occurs in the childhood. Development and application of a robust LC–MS/MS method for fast determination of these biomarkers for optimal laboratory testing of NB is essential in clinical laboratories. In present study, we developed and validated a simple liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for quick clinical testing of VMA and HVA for diagnosis of NB. The method was validated according to the current CLSI C62‐A and FDA guidelines. The age‐adjusted pediatric reference intervals and diagnostic performance were evaluated in both 24 h urine and random urine. Injection‐to‐injection time was 3.5 min. Inter‐ and intra‐assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were ≤3.88%. The lower limit of quantification and the limit of detection were 0.50 and 0.25 μmol/L for both VMA and HVA. Recoveries of VMA and HVA were in the ranges of 85–109% and 86–100% with CVs ≤5.76%. This method was free from significant matrix effect, carryover and interference. The establishment of age‐adjusted pediatric reference intervals by this LC–MS/MS method was favorable for the improvement in diagnostic performance, which was crucial for correct interpretation of test results from children in both 24 h and random urine.