bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of transmitted HIV‐1 drug resistance and viral subtypes circulation in Italy from 2006 to 2016
Authors: Rossetti B , Di Giambenedetto S , Torti C , Postorino MC , Punzi G , Saladini F , Gennari W , Borghi V , Monno L , Pignataro AR , Polilli E , Colafigli M , Poggi A , Tini S , Zazzi M , De Luca A ,   the Antiviral Response Cohort Analysis (ARCA) Collaborative Group
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesThe aim was to evaluate the evolution of transmitted HIV‐1 drug resistance (TDR) prevalence in antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐naïve patients from 2006 to 2016.MethodsHIV‐1 sequences were retrieved from the Antiviral Response Cohort Analysis (ARCA) database and TDR was defined as detection of at least one mutation from the World Health Organization (WHO) surveillance list.ResultsWe included protease/reverse transcriptase sequences from 3573 patients; 455 had also integrase sequences. Overall, 68.1% of the patients were Italian, the median CD4 count was 348 cells/μL [interquartile range (IQR) 169–521 cells/μL], and the median viral load was 4.7 log10 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL (IQR 4.1–5.3 log10 copies/mL). TDR was detected in 10.3% of patients: 6% carried mutations to nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 4.4% to nonnucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 2.3% to protease inhibitors (PIs), 0.2% to integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) and 2.1% to at least two drug classes. TDR declined from 14.5% in 2006 to 7.3% in 2016 (P = 0.003): TDR to NRTIs from 9.9 to 2.9% (P = 0.003) and TDR to NNRTIs from 5.1 to 3.7% (P = 0.028); PI TDR remained stable. The proportion carrying subtype B virus declined from 76.5 to 50% (P < 0.001). The prevalence of TDR was higher in subtype B vs. non‐B (12.6 vs. 4.9%, respectively; P < 0.001) and declined significantly in subtype B (from 17.1 to 8.8%; P = 0.04) but not in non‐B subtypes (from 6.1 to 5.8%; P = 0.44). Adjusting for country of origin, predictors of TDR were subtype B [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for subtype B vs. non‐B 2.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.93–4.39; P < 0.001], lower viral load (per log10 higher: AOR 0.86; 95% CI 0.75–0.99; P = 0.03), site in northern Italy (AOR for southern Italy/island vs. northern Italy, 0.61; 95% CI 0.40–0.91; P = 0.01), and earlier calendar year (per 1 year more recent: AOR 0.95; 95% CI 0.91–0.99; P = 0.02).ConclusionsThe prevalence of HIV‐1 TDR has declined during the last 10 years in Italy.
High endemism of mosquitoes on São Tomé and Príncipe Islands: evaluating the general dynamic model in a worldwide island comparison
Authors: Loiseau Claire , Melo Martim , Lee Yoosook , Pereira Hugo , Hanemaaijer Mark J. , Lanzaro Gregory C. , Cornel Anthony J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe archipelago of São Tomé and Príncipe is a major centre of endemism for vertebrates but, to date, arthropods remain poorly studied, with the exception of mosquitoes due to their medical and economic relevance. Previous studies, over 20 years old, recorded 26 species of mosquitoes for São Tomé and 14 for Príncipe, of which six and two were endemic to each island respectively.We collected mosquito larvae and adults on both islands and found three species as a first record, putting the number of mosquito species collected at least once on São Tomé at 29 and 15 for Príncipe. We compared the mosquito richness on São Tomé and Príncipe islands to 71 other oceanic islands represented within 20 archipelagoes worldwide.We used the general dynamic model of oceanic island biogeography and the associated ATT2(for Area+Time+Time2) model to explain two different metrics: (i) the richness of the single‐island endemics and (ii) the richness of archipelago endemics. We also included other island characteristics in our model, such as isolation and latitude.Our data compilation and comparative analyses revealed an overall low richness of endemic mosquitoes on islands, with the highest number of single‐island endemics found on São Tomé Island.As predicted, we found a positive relationship between our two richness metrics and the general dynamic model ATT2, although the model with the area (A) alone also explained endemic richness. Isolation was also predictor of mosquito diversification.
Religiosity, monitoring and consumer self‐control
Authors: Minton Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe studies herein build on the monitoring model of self‐control to examine how consumers’ religiosity influences their perceived monitoring by self, others, and God, and then how this monitoring influences consumption behavior in situations with surplus versus depleted self‐control resources. Study 1 finds that consumers higher in religiosity whose self‐control resources have been depleted (not depleted) report greater (lesser) self‐monitoring for behaviors that are deemed as high (low) in regulation importance. The opposite pattern of effects was observed for consumers lower in religiosity (or not at all religious). Additionally, self‐monitoring (but not monitoring by others or by God) mediates this relationship. Study 2 results show that religiosity's relationship with consumers’ self‐controlled behaviors is moderated by priming monitoring by self or others (but not monitoring by God) as well as self‐control depletion. These results provide novel insight that monitoring by God may not be influential, regardless of depletion level, and as a result likely should not be integrated into marketer tactics desiring to increase consumers’ self‐controlled behaviors.
Phenolics release kinetics in sugared and sugar‐free chewing gums: microencapsulated pomegranate peel extract usage
Authors: Palabiyik Ibrahim , Toker Omer Said , Konar Nevzat , Gunes Recep , Güleri Tuba , Alaşalvar Hamza , Çam Mustafa 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn this study, it was aimed to investigate the potential of sugared and sugar‐free chewing gum as a functional food with the addition of microencapsulated pomegranate peel extract (MEPPE) at different amounts. Application of certain chewing times (0, 1, 3 and 5 min) to MEPPE‐incorporated gums resulted in a higher release rate of punicalagin and ellagic acid from sugar‐free gum matrix than sugared gum matrix (P < 0.05). According to exponential rise model, sugared and sugar‐free gums could release 38.3% and 75.6% of ellagic acid, 82.5% and 94.8% of punicalagin depending on the chewing time, respectively. Incorporation of MEPPE did not cause significant changes in quality parameters of chewing gum such as colour and texture. Therefore, the results indicated that chewing gum could be used as a carrier for bioactive compounds and depending on the bulk sweetener used was an effective factor in the release kinetics.
The transformer2 gene of the pumpkin fruit fly, Bactrocera tau (Walker), functions in sex determination, male fertility and testis development
Authors: Thongsaiklaing Thanaset , Nipitwattanaphon Mingkwan , Ngernsiri Lertluk 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe insect transformer2 (tra2) gene has a prevalent role in cooperating with the sex‐determining gene transformer (tra) to direct female differentiation. Here, we report the identification and characterization of Btau‐tra2, the tra2 orthologue of the pumpkin fruit fly, Bactrocera tau, an invasive agricultural pest. The Btau‐tra2 gene produces three transcript variants. However, only two transcripts can be examined; one is present at all developmental stages in the soma and germline of both sexes and the other one is specific to the embryo and the germline. Knocking down the function of Btau‐tra2 produced a male‐biased sex ratio and some intersexes. Consistent with a role in sex determination, the obtained intersexual and male sterility phenotypes express a mix of male and female splice variants of the tra and doublesex (dsx) orthologues, indicating that Btau‐tra2 has a conserved splicing regulatory function and acts together with/upstream of tra and dsx. In addition, some males obtained from the knock down are fertile but their fertilities are extremely reduced. Moreover, almost all surviving RNA interference (RNAi) males harbour testes having some defects in their external morphologies. Most notably, the body size of a few surviving RNAi flies was two‐to threefold increased with respect to the normal size. Our findings suggest that Btau‐tra2 is involved in male fertility and may also have an unprecedented role in body size control besides its conserved role in sex determination.
Design of tailored biodegradable implants: The effect of voltage on electrodeposited calcium phosphate coatings on pure magnesium
Authors: Horynová Miroslava , Remešová Michaela , Klakurková Lenka , Dvořák Karel , Ročňáková Ivana , Yan Shaokun , Čelko Ladislav , Song Guang‐Ling 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMagnesium, as a biodegradable metal, offers great potential for use as a temporary implant material, which dissolves in the course of bone tissue healing. It can sufficiently support the bone and promote the bone healing process. However, the corrosion resistance of magnesium implants must be enhanced before its application in clinical practice. A promising approach of enhancing the corrosion resistance is deposition of bioactive coating, which can reduce the corrosion rate of the implants and promote bone healing. Therefore, a well‐designed substrate‐coating system allowing a good control of the degradation behavior is highly desirable for tailored implants for specific groups of patients with particular needs. In this contribution, the influence of coating formation conditions on the characteristics of potentiostatically electrodeposited CaP coatings on magnesium substrate was evaluated. Results showed that potential variation led to formation of coatings with the same chemical composition, but very different morphologies. Parameters that mostly influence the coating performance, such as the thickness, uniformity, deposits size, and orientation, varied from produced coating to coating. These characteristics of CaP coatings on magnesium were controlled by coating formation potential, and it was demonstrated that the electrodeposition could be a promising coating technique for production of tailored magnesium‐CaP implants.
Greatly enhanced photocurrent in inorganic perovskite [KNbO3]0.9[BaNi0.5Nb0.5O3‐σ]0.1 ferroelectric thin‐film solar cell
Authors: Chen Jian , Pei Weijie , Chen Guang , Zhang Qingfeng , Lu Yinmei , Huang Haitao , Li Mingkai , He Yunbin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInorganic perovskite [KNbO3]0.9[BaNi0.5Nb0.5O3‐σ]0.1 (KBNNO) ferroelectric thin films with narrow band gap (1.83 eV) and high room‐temperature remnant polarization (Pr = 0.54 μC/cm2) was grown successfully on the Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Ferroelectric solar cells with a basic structure of ITO/KBNNO/Pt were further prepared based on these thin films, which exhibited obvious external‐poling dependent photovoltaic effects. When the devices were negatively poled, the short‐circuit current and open‐circuit voltage were both significantly higher than those of the devices poled positively. This is attributed to enhanced charge separation under the depolarization field induced by the negative poling, which is superimposed with the built‐in field induced by the Schottky barriers at the interfaces between KBNNO and the two electrodes. When a poling voltage of ‐1 V was applied, the device showed a short‐circuit current as high as 27.3 μA/cm2, which was by two orders of magnitude larger than that of the KBNNO thick‐film (20 μm) devices reported previously. This work may inspire further exploration for lead‐free inorganic perovskite ferroelectric photovoltaic devices.
Lead Toxicity in Older Adults
Authors: Vig Elizabeth K. , Hu Howard 
Published: June 2018

Recent studies have shown that lead, even at relatively low levels of exposure, has the potential to harm not only the young and the occupationally‐exposed, but also older people. Because they have been alive for a longer period of time, older adults have had more potential exposures to lead. They may have been exposed to lead while working in unregulated occupations, or they may have encountered more lead in the environment on a daily basis. Several large epidemiological studies have found that older people have higher blood and bone lead levels than younger adults. Additionally, sporadic clusters of acute lead exposure among older adults as a result of activities such as ceramic glaze hobby work and consumption of moonshine whiskey continue to be reported.After lead enters the body, it circulates in the blood reaching the soft tissues and bone. Researchers have learned that lead can hibernate within bone for decades. Although lead within bone is of uncertain toxicity to bone tissue, conditions of bone resorption, such as osteoporosis, can cause bone lead to reenter the bloodstream where it can then re‐expose the soft tissue, and, potentially, exert delayed deleterious effects.Evidence is emerging that blood and bone lead levels, reflecting relatively modest exposures, are associated with hypertension, renal insufficiency, and cognitive impairment. Medical treatments that now exist to slow the rate of bone resorption may maintain lead within bones. On‐going studies evaluating the relationship between body lead stores and both cognitive and renal impairment, as well as the potential modifying effect of bone resorption, will help determine whether bone resorption should be retarded specifically to preserve organ function.Physicians should be aware of potential past and present lead exposures among their older patients. Ongoing lead exposure should be prevented. In the future, treatment of osteoporosis may be undertaken not only to improve bone health but also to prevent mobilization of bone lead stores and subsequent toxicity.
Perinatal outcomes following labor induction with dinoprostone in pregnancies with borderline amniotic fluid index at term: A clinical observation study
Authors: Yin Heng , Zhao Lei , Lin Ying , Wang Ying , Hu Yaping , Sun Guoqiang , Xiao Mei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo compare perinatal outcomes of dinoprostone for induced labor in pregnancies with a borderline versus normal amniotic fluid index (AFI) at term, and to investigate the related factors affecting outcomes of cesarean section.MethodsThe retrospective study was carried out in Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital with singleton pregnancies of 37–42 weeks’ gestation from January to August 2016. A total of 992 subjects were divided into two groups: borderline AFI group (n =125) with 5 < AFI ≤ 8 and normal AFI group (n = 867) with 8 < AFI ≤ 24.ResultsTime to delivery (P =0.004) and use of oxytocin augmentation (P = 0.011) were significantly lower in pregnancies with borderline AFI. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of delivery mode, time to onset of labor, fetal distress, Apgar scores, meconium‐stained amniotic fluid, birth weight, or incidences of admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Gestational hypertension and birth weight were the major factors affecting outcomes of cesarean section in the borderline group (odds ratio [OR] = 13.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.96–94.49, P =0.008 and OR = 1.003, 95% CI 1.001–1.005, P =0.001, respectively). Maternal age (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.06–1.19, P < 0.001), parity (OR = 7.57, 95% CI 3.05–18.76, P < 0.001), biparietal diameter (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.33–0.91, P = 0.021), and meconium‐stained amniotic fluid (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.12–2.17, P = 0.009) were related factors in the normal group.ConclusionThe perinatal outcomes of dinoprostone for induced labor are comparable between the two groups. Gestational hypertension and birth weight are factors related to outcomes of cesarean section in the borderline group.
Low-flow ischaemia and reperfusion in rat hearts: energetic of stunning and cardioprotection of genistein
Authors: Colareda Germán A , Consolini Alicia E 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Low-flow ischemia (LFI) is consequent to coronary disease and produces cardiac stunning during reperfusion (R). Energetic performance and mechanisms of Ca2+ handling during LFI/R are not known. Moreover, cardioprotection of the phytoestrogen genistein (Gen) remains to be demonstrated in LFI/R. The aim was to study the mechanisms of the stunning consequent to LFI/R and the effects of Gen on both sexes.

Methods
Rat ventricles were perfused inside a calorimeter to measure maximal pressure development (P) and total heat rate (Ht) before and during exposition to LFI/R. The mechanisms of stunning were evaluated with selective drugs.

Key findings
Female hearts (FH) developed higher postischemic contractile recovery (PICR) and muscle economy (P/Ht) than males (MH). Cardioprotection was sensitive to blockade of mKATP channels, UCam and NOS. Perfusion of 20 μmol/l Gen reduced PICR and P/Ht during LFI/R in FH, and dysfunction was increased by mNCX blockade with mPTP opening. However, intraperitoneal 5 mg/kg Gen (Gen-ip) was cardioprotective in both sexes, and the beneficial effect of Gen-ip was blocked by 100 μmol/l 5-HD.

Conclusions
FH are more protected than MH against the LFI/R dysfunction, which involves mitochondrial Ca2+ loss; Gen-ip was more cardioprotective in MH than in FH, mainly by activation of the mKATP channels.
Efficacy and safety of once daily liraglutide versus twice daily exenatide in type 2 diabetic patients in Qatar: an observational study
Authors: Jassim Zainab , Elajez Reem , Khudair Imran , Al Anany Rasha , Al-Adawi Rana Moustafa 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Objective
Compare efficacy and safety of liraglutide (1.8 mg subcutaneous once daily) and exenatide (10 mcg subcutaneous twice daily) in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes at 26 and 52 weeks.

Method
A retrospective observation study of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes patients who took liraglutide or exenatide in addition to their anti-diabetic medications. This study was conducted at Hamad Medical Corporation, the predominant public healthcare organization in Qatar. The primary outcome was the change in haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) after 26 and 52 weeks.

Key finding
Two hundred and two patients were included in this study (liraglutide 98, exenatide 114). There was no significant HbA1C change observed between two groups at either 26 or 52 weeks (P = 0.23 and 0.40 respectively). However, more patients in the liraglutide group achieved HbA1C ≤7% at week 26. Liraglutide reduced the mean Fasting blood glucose (FBG) more than exenatide at week 26 and 52. Although both medications were associated with some benefits in other studied variables at a certain point (e.g. weight losses, blood pressure), neither of them were able to show a significant change from baseline. No patients in either group reported drug-related side effects (e.g. nausea and vomiting) or episodes of hypoglycaemia during the treatment period.

Conclusions
Exenatide and liraglutide resulted in similar glycaemic effects (HbA1C and fasting plasma glucose changes) in patients with type 2 diabetes who were sub-optimally controlled with other anti-diabetic therapy. However, this study supports the effectiveness of both medications for weight reduction at both endpoints. A prospective large-scale study is recommended to overcome the study limitations.
The Powerful Other: How Divine Control Shapes the Relationship Between Personal Control and Psychological Distress
Authors: Schieman Scott , Bierman Alex , Upenieks Laura 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the sociological study of mental health, the sense of personal control represents a core psychological resource, but some studies document a curvilinear association between personal control and depressive symptoms. This body of research is largely secular in orientation, even though research also demonstrates that some individuals believe in an involved and engaged Powerful Other (e.g., God). We evaluate if such beliefs moderate the relationship between personal control and depression. Using data from the 2005 Work, Stress, and Health Study in the United States (N = 1,791), we first demonstrate that the sense of personal control has an overall curvilinear association with depression, in line with previous research. Then, we document that divine control beliefs modify this association such that the curvilinear association is found primarily among individuals with low levels of divine control. By contrast, among those who more strongly endorse divine control, we observe no relationship between personal control and depression. We situate our findings in the differing and complicated perspectives on the implications of religious beliefs for psychological resources and well‐being.
Aspiration Strain and Mental Health: The Education‐Contingent Role of Religion
Authors: DeAngelis Reed T. , Ellison Christopher G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study examines whether dimensions of religious involvement (i.e., perceived divine control, private religious practices, and religious social integration) buffer associations between aspiration strain and mental health outcomes (i.e., psychological distress, loneliness, and optimism). We also test three‐way interactions to determine whether the stress‐buffering effects of religious involvement are amplified among undereducated persons. We test our hypotheses with cross‐sectional survey data from Vanderbilt University's Nashville Stress and Health Study (2011–2014), a probability sample of non‐Hispanic white and black adults from Davidson County, Tennessee (n = 1,252). Results from multivariate regression models confirmed: (1) aspiration strain was positively associated with psychological distress and loneliness, and negatively associated with optimism; and (2) religious involvement attenuated these associations, but only for respondents with less than or equal to a high school education. We discuss the implications and limitations of our findings and outline avenues for future research.
Training Dogs to Feel Good: Embodying Well‐being in Multispecies Relations
Authors: Porter Natalie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSocial science concepts of well‐being are largely premised on notions of a common humanity with shared physical needs and broadly legible experiences of the world. While medical anthropologists have interrogated ideas of universal bodily subjectivities, articulations of well‐being across species boundaries remain underexplored. This article offers a conceptualization of well‐being that attends to species difference. Drawing on ethnographic research with an animal rescue organization, I argue that in the context of partially connected bodily experiences, rescue workers navigate distinctions between dogs’ internal feelings and external actions, and they train their bodies alongside dogs’ bodies to cultivate canine well‐being. A multispecies perspective complicates ideals of autonomy and self‐actualization long associated with well‐being and opens up avenues for considering well‐being as an intercorporeal relationship conditioned in unequal bodies and embodied interactions.