bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Isoindigo‐Inspired Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Randell Nicholas M. , Kelly Timothy L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOver the past decade, isoindigo has become a widely used electron‐deficient subunit in donor‐acceptor organic semiconductors, and these isoindigo‐based materials have been widely used in both organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Shortly after the development of isoindigo‐based semiconductors, researchers began to modify the isoindigo structure in order to change the optoelectronic properties of the resulting materials. This led to the development of many new isoindigo‐inspired compounds; since 2012, the Kelly Research Group has synthesized a number of these isoindigo analogues and produced a variety of new donor‐acceptor semiconductors. In this Personal Account, recent progress in the field is reviewed. We describe how the field has evolved from relatively simple donor‐acceptor small molecules to structurally complex, highly planarized polymer systems. The relevance of these materials in OPV and OFET applications is highlighted, with particular emphasis on structure‐property relationships.
Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry based metabolomics profile of hippocampus and cerebellum in mice after chronic arsenic exposure
Authors: Mo Ting‐Ting , Dai Hua , Du Hang , Zhang Rui‐Yuan , Chai Ke‐Ping , An Yao , Chen Ji‐Ji , Wang Jun‐Ke , Chen Zi‐Jin , Chen Cheng‐Zhi , Jiang Xue‐Jun , Tang Rong , Wang Li‐Ping , Tan Qiang , Tang Ping , Miao Xin‐Yu , Meng Pan , Zhang Long‐Bin , Cheng Shu‐Qun , Peng Bin , Tu Bai‐Jie , Han Ting‐Li , Xia Yin‐Yin , Baker Philip N. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntake of arsenic (As) via drinking water has been a serious threat to global public health. Though there are numerous reports of As neurotoxicity, its pathogenesis mechanisms remain vague especially its chronic effects on metabolic network. Hippocampus is a renowned area in relation to learning and memory, whilst recently, cerebellum is argued to be involved with process of cognition. Therefore, the study aimed to explore metabolomics alternations in these two areas after chronic As exposure, with the purpose of further illustrating details of As neurotoxicity. Twelve 3‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into two groups, receiving deionized drinking water (control group) or 50 mg/L of sodium arsenite (via drinking water) for 24 weeks. Learning and memory abilities were tested by Morris water maze (MWM) test. Pathological and morphological changes of hippocampus and cerebellum were captured via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Metabolic alterations were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). MWM test confirmed impairments of learning and memory abilities of mice after chronic As exposure. Metabolomics identifications indicated that tyrosine increased and aspartic acid (Asp) decreased simultaneously in both hippocampus and cerebellum. Intermediates (succinic acid) and indirect involved components of tricarboxylic acid cycle (proline, cysteine, and alanine) were found declined in cerebellum, indicating disordered energy metabolism. Our findings suggest that these metabolite alterations are related to As‐induced disorders of amino acids and energy metabolism, which might therefore, play an important part in mechanisms of As neurotoxicity.
The effects of coherent structures on the global response of floating offshore wind turbines
Authors: Bachynski Erin E. , Eliassen Lene 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe global dynamic response of floating wind turbines is commonly simulated using aero‐hydro‐servo‐elastic tools that consider numerically generated wind files as input. Based on the guidelines given in existing standards, two methods of generating such wind files are typically used: the Mann uniform shear model and the Kaimal spectral and exponential coherence model. Both models consider the Kaimal spectrum with similar frequency characteristics: The main difference between the approaches is related to the spatial coherence. The present work examines the consequences of using the two different wind file generation methods for estimating the global responses of representative spar, semi‐submersible, and tension leg platform (TLP) 5 MW wind turbines. Predictions of the standard deviation of low‐frequency responses in operational conditions, including motions at the natural frequency in surge and pitch as well as quasi‐static (spar, TLP) and resonant (semi‐submersible) motions in yaw, are seen to differ up to 30% to 40% depending on the wind field model. The differences in motion responses have important consequences for the design of the mooring system components. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) techniques are used to qualitatively explain the differing spatial coherence of the wind field. Simulations including a limited number of POD modes in the wind field highlight the importance of the low‐frequency, energy‐rich modes, suggesting that this type of visualization can be a useful tool.
Intraoperative Blood Loss is Associated with Shortened Postoperative Survival of Patients with Stage II/III Gastric Cancer: Analysis of a Multi‐institutional Dataset
Authors: Ito Yuki , Kanda Mitsuro , Ito Seiji , Mochizuki Yoshinari , Teramoto Hitoshi , Ishigure Kiyoshi , Murai Toshifumi , Asada Takahiro , Ishiyama Akiharu , Matsushita Hidenobu , Tanaka Chie , Kobayashi Daisuke , Fujiwara Michitaka , Murotani Kenta , Kodera Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe influence of intraoperative blood loss (IBL) on postoperative long‐term outcomes of patients with gastric cancer is controversial. Here, we used a large multicenter dataset from nine institutes to evaluate the prognostic impact of IBL on patients with stage II/III gastric cancer.MethodsThe study analyzed 1013 patients with stage II/III gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy without preoperative treatment and intraoperative transfusion. Patients were equally divided into learning and validation cohorts using a table of random numbers. The optimal cutoff value of IBL to predict recurrence was determined using the learning cohort, and the prognostic significance of the proposed cutoff was validated using the second cohort.ResultsThe optimal cutoff value of IBL determined with the learning cohort using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was 330 ml. In the validation cohort, IBL > 330 ml was significantly associated with high body mass index, total gastrectomy, and postoperative complications, but not disease stage and the frequency of adjuvant chemotherapy. The disease‐free and disease‐specific survival rates of patients in the IBL > 330 ml (IBL‐high) group were significantly shorter compared with those in the IBL ≤ 330 ml group. IBL‐high was identified as an independent prognostic factor of disease recurrence (hazard ratio 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.01–2.09, P = 0.0420). The hazard ratio of the IBL‐high group was greater in the surgery‐alone subgroup compared with that of the postoperative adjuvant‐chemotherapy subgroup.ConclusionsOur analysis of a multicenter dataset indicates that IBL adversely influenced long‐term outcomes of patients with stage II/III gastric cancer.
Intergenerational Transmission of Multipartner Fertility
Authors: Lappegård Trude , Thomson Elizabeth 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Using data from administrative registers for the period 1970–2007 in Norway and Sweden, we investigate the intergenerational transmission of multipartner fertility. We find that men and women with half-siblings are more likely to have children with more than one partner. The differences are greater for those with younger versus older half-siblings, consistent with the additional influence of parental separation that may not arise when one has only older half-siblings. The additional risk for those with both older and younger half-siblings suggests that complexity in childhood family relationships also contributes to multipartner fertility. Only a small part of the intergenerational association is accounted for by education in the first and second generations. The association is to some extent gendered. Half-siblings are associated with a greater risk of women having children with a new partner in comparison with men. In particular, maternal half-siblings are more strongly associated with multipartner fertility than paternal half-siblings only for women.
Intention and action in retirement preparation
Authors: KRIJNEN JOB M.T. , ZEELENBERG MARCEL , BREUGELMANS SEGER M. , VAN DER SCHORS ANNA 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMany people delay their preparation for retirement. Policy-makers often attempt to motivate people to take timely action by increasing the perceived importance of retirement saving, yet the effectiveness of such strategies can be doubted. We examined why a strategy of emphasizing importance may be ineffective by distinguishing between intention to prepare for retirement and action in actually taking steps toward preparation. Two surveys (n1= 1171;n2= 832) showed that importance and difficulty were both predictive of people's intentions to prepare for retirement, but that difficulty was a much stronger predictor of people's actual actions. Using data from an additional survey (n3= 986), a series of follow-up tests provided further evidence that difficulty of retirement preparation is a stronger predictor of inaction than importance of retirement saving. These findings help explain why policies aimed at simplifying retirement preparation (e.g., automatic enrollment) have been more successful than policies aimed at increasing the importance of retirement saving (e.g., tax advantages).
Direct numerical simulation of flow past a transversely rotating sphere up to a Reynolds number of 300 in compressible flow
Authors: Nagata T. , Nonomura T. , Takahashi S. , Mizuno Y. , Fukuda K. 
Published: October 2018

In this study, direct numerical simulation of the flow around a rotating sphere at high Mach and low Reynolds numbers is conducted to investigate the effects of rotation rate and Mach number upon aerodynamic force coefficients and wake structures. The simulation is carried out by solving the three-dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations. A free-stream Reynolds number (based on the free-stream velocity, density and viscosity coefficient and the diameter of the sphere) is set to be between 100 and 300, the free-stream Mach number is set to be between 0.2 and 2.0, and the dimensionless rotation rate defined by the ratio of the free-stream and surface velocities above the equator is set between 0.0 and 1.0. Thus, we have clarified the following points: (1) as free-stream Mach number increased, the increment of the lift coefficient due to rotation was reduced; (2) under subsonic conditions, the drag coefficient increased with increase of the rotation rate, whereas under supersonic conditions, the increment of the drag coefficient was reduced with increasing Mach number; and (3) the mode of the wake structure becomes low-Reynolds-number-like as the Mach number is increased.
BUREAUCRATIC ISLAM COMPARED: CLASSIFICATORY POWER AND STATE-IFIED RELIGIOUS MEANING-MAKING IN BRUNEI AND SINGAPORE
Authors: Müller Dominik M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article presents a comparative anthropological approach to studying the bureaucratization of Islam in contemporary Southeast Asia. In line with this approach, the article understands thebureaucratizationof Islam not simply as a formalization, expansion, and diversification of Islamic institutions and legal frameworks; rather, bureaucratization is investigated as a social phenomenon that transcends its organizational boundaries and informs dynamics of socio-legal change alongside transformations of the meaning(s) of Islam in state and society. The article centers the state's “classificatory power” and its societal coproduction and contestation, and it takes both functional and hermeneutic modes of analysis into consideration. While the bureaucratization of Islam is always embedded in and shaped by power-political constellations, it simultaneously produces social and doctrinal meanings that are unique to its locally specific discursive arenas. Therefore, more conventional functional perspectives on bureaucratic Islam can be beneficially enriched by a more hermeneutically oriented anthropological analysis, as the article illustrates, based on ethnographic data gathered in Brunei and Singapore.The article first introduces the anthropology of bureaucracy and elaborates on the absence of such studies on state-Islam relations in Southeast Asia, as well as the potential of bringing these streams of scholarship into a fruitful dialogue. Second, it presents the Bruneian case study, focusing on postcolonial Islamization policies, the bureaucratization of a national ideology, legal reforms, and their workings on the microlevel. Third, it moves on to a regional comparison, by illustrating how Islamic knowledge and meaning-production inherent to the bureaucratization of Islam unfolds quite differently in Singapore, despite partly overlapping functional patterns. While anchored in Brunei and Singapore, the article offers a conceptual framework and analytic vocabulary for a wider study across and potentially beyond the region.
Recent Royal Navy award: The Edward Leicester Atkinson prize
Authors: Tarver Michael C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMore than 100 years have now passed since Scott’s Terra Nova expedition to the Antarctic, which was quickly followed by the First World War. Out of the events of those times emerges the name of Edward Leicester Atkinson, the Royal Navy Surgeon and Antarctic explorer who was a member of the scientific staff of Scott’s expedition, and who went on to serve in the First World War. In his honour, the Edward Leicester Atkinson Prize will be awarded annually to a Royal Navy Medical Officer who displays the values of leadership and moral courage during the New Entry Medical Officer course, either at Britannia Royal Naval College or the Institute of Naval Medicine.
Adults’ sensitivity to graphotactic differences within the English vocabulary
Authors: TREIMAN REBECCA , DECKER KRISTINA , KESSLER BRETT 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLinguists have described the English vocabulary as including Latinate and basic subsystems. In three experiments with a total of 93 participants, we asked whether skilled readers are sensitive to graphotactic differences between these systems. Participants saw pairs of nonwords and were asked to choose the item in each pair that appeared more wordlike. Participants were more likely to select an item with an onset and an ending that suggested the same system than an item with a mismatch. Participants also used the presence of a single versus double medial consonant as a marker of the system to which an item belongs. The results suggest that skilled readers have learned about some of the graphotactic differences between Latinate and basic words and do not treat English as a monolithic system.
An optimal trajectory planning method for path tracking of industrial robots
Authors: Luo Xianxi , Li Shuhui , Liu Shubo , Liu Guoquan 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARYThis paper presents an optimal trajectory planning method for industrial robots. The paper specially focuses on the applications of path tracking. The problem is to plan the trajectory with a specified geometric path, while allowing the position and orientation of the path to be arbitrarily selected within the specific ranges. The special contributions of the paper include (1) an optimal path tracking formulation focusing on the least time and energy consumption without violating the kinematic constraints, (2) a special mechanism to discretize a prescribed path integration for segment interpolation to fulfill the optimization requirements of a task with its constraints, (3) a novel genetic algorithm (GA) optimization approach that transforms a target path to be tracked as a curve with optimal translation and orientation with respect to the world Cartesian coordinate frame, (4) an integration of the interval analysis, piecewise planning and GA algorithm to overcome the challenges for solving the special trajectory planning and path tracking optimization problem. Simulation study shows that it is an insufficient condition to define a trajectory just based on the consideration that each point on the trajectory should be reachable. Simulation results also demonstrate that the optimal trajectory for a path tracking problem can be obtained effectively and efficiently using the proposed method. The proposed method has the properties of broad adaptability, high feasibility and capability to achieve global optimization.
Small Sets of Novel Words Are Fully Retained After 1-Week in Typically Developing Children and Down Syndrome: A Fast Mapping Study
Authors: Sakhon Stella , Edwards Kelly , Luongo Alison , Murphy Melanie , Edgin Jamie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectives: Down syndrome (DS) is a population with known hippocampal impairment, with studies showing that individuals with DS display difficulties in spatial navigation and remembering arbitrary bindings. Recent research has also demonstrated the importance of the hippocampus for novel word-learning. Based on these data, we aimed to determine whether individuals with DS show deficits in learning new labels and if they may benefit from encoding conditions thought to be less reliant on hippocampal function (i.e., through fast mapping). Methods: In the current study, we examined immediate, 5-min, and 1-week delayed word-learning across two learning conditions (e.g., explicit encoding vs. fast mapping). These conditions were examined across groups (twenty-six 3- to 5-year-old typically developing children and twenty-six 11- to 28-year-old individuals with DS with comparable verbal and nonverbal scores on the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test – second edition) and in reference to sleep quality. Results: Both individuals with and without DS showed retention after a 1-week delay, and the current study found no benefit of the fast mapping condition in either group contrary to our expectations. Eye tracking data showed that preferential eye movements to target words were not present immediately but emerged after 1-week in both groups. Furthermore, sleep measures collected via actigraphy did not relate to retention in either group. Conclusions: This study presents novel data on long-term knowledge retention in reference to sleep patterns in DS and adds to a body of knowledge helping us to understand the processes of word-learning in typical and atypically developing populations. (JINS, 2018, 24, 955–965)
Association between family dinner and BMI in adults: data from the 2013 to 2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Rah Woongchan , So Jaewon , Park Eun-Cheol , Lee Sang Ah , Jang Sung-In 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivePeople who eat alone, which is becoming a new trend owing to the increasing proportion of one-person households in Korea, are more likely to become overweight and obese. Therefore, we investigated the association between having a dinner companion and BMI.DesignA linear regression model adjusted for covariates was utilized to examine the association between having a dinner companion and BMI. Subgroup analyses were performed, stratified by age group, gender, household income, educational level and occupation.SettingWe used the data from the Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI. Our primary independent variable was having a dinner companion while the dependent variable was BMI.SubjectsIn total, 13303 individuals, aged 20 years or over, were analysed.ResultsCompared with the solo eating group, BMI was lower in the family dinner group (β=−0·39, P<0·01) but not in the non-family dinner group (β=−0·06, P=0·67). The subgroup analysis revealed that the difference in BMI was most significant in young generations, such as those aged 20–29 years (β=−1·15, P<0·01) and 30–39 years (β=−0·78, P=0·01).ConclusionsWe found that people who eat dinner alone are more likely to become overweight and obese than those who eat with their family. This association was stronger in males and young adults than their counterparts. Considering the increasing trends in the proportion of single-person households and solo eating, appropriate intervention is needed.
Minimizing Common Errors When Projecting Geospatial Data Onto a Vortex‐Centered Space
Authors: Ahern Kyle , Cowan Levi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe problem of transforming geospatial data into polar coordinates, a common task in the analysis of data centered on geophysical phenomena, is examined. The azimuthal equidistant projection is shown to be the optimal transform for this purpose. A mathematical and observational analysis of the errors incurred by using a common alternative transform is conducted and reveals that such errors can be significant at radii as small as a few hundred kilometers. When evaluating observed 200‐hPa wind fields near Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs), median azimuthal maximum errors in total and radial wind range up to 10% within 700 km of the TC and up to 50% within 1,600 km of the TC. Errors are shown to depend strongly on the statistical characteristics of the data set and increase nonlinearly with latitude and radius.
AirSWOT InSAR Mapping of Surface Water Elevations and Hydraulic Gradients Across the Yukon Flats Basin, Alaska
Authors: Pitcher Lincoln H. , Pavelsky Tamlin M. , Smith Laurence C. , Moller Delwyn K. , Altenau Elizabeth H. , Allen George H. , Lion Christine , Butman David , Cooley Sarah W. , Fayne Jessica V. , Bertram Mark 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAirSWOT, an experimental airborne Ka‐band interferometric synthetic aperture radar, was developed for hydrologic research and validation of the forthcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission (to be launched in 2021). AirSWOT and SWOT aim to improve understanding of surface water processes by mapping water surface elevation (WSE) and water surface slope (WSS) in rivers, lakes, and wetlands. However, the utility of AirSWOT for these purposes remains largely unexamined. We present the first investigation of AirSWOT WSE and WSS surveys over complex, low‐relief, wetland‐river hydrologic environments, including (1) a field‐validated assessment of AirSWOT WSE and WSS precisions for lakes and rivers in the Yukon Flats Basin, an Arctic‐Boreal wetland complex in eastern interior Alaska; (2) improved scientific understanding of surface water flow gradients and the influence of subsurface permafrost; and (3) recommendations for improving AirSWOT precisions in future scientific and SWOT validation campaigns. AirSWOT quantifies WSE with an RMSE of 8 and 15 cm in 1 and 0.0625 km2 river reaches, respectively, and 21 cm in lakes. This indicates good utility for studying hydrologic flux, WSS, geomorphic processes, and coupled surface/subsurface hydrology in permafrost environments. This also suggests that AirSWOT supplies sufficient precision for validating SWOT WSE and WSS over rivers, but not lakes. However, improvements in sensor calibration and flight experiment design may improve precisions in future deployments as may modifications to data processing. We conclude that AirSWOT is a useful tool for bridging the gap between field observations and forthcoming global SWOT satellite products.