bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanocrystal Inks: Photoelectrochemical Printing of Cu2O Nanocrystals on Silicon with 2D Control on Polyhedral Shapes
Authors: Vogel Yan B. , Gonçales Vinicius R. , Al‐Obaidi Louai , Gooding J. Justin , Darwish Nadim , Ciampi Simone 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHere, a printing technology is reported that enables the functionalization of photoconducting materials with an arbitrary user‐defined pattern of nanocrystals. Two sets of information can be encoded into the same unit area; control over the polyhedral shape of individual nanocrystals and high lateral resolution (micrometer scale) for large 2D patterns (millimeter scale) of Cu2O that were grown over unstructured amorphous silicon. The key to this new technology is a parallel modulation of both the electrode kinetics at the silicon/electrolyte interface and the light‐assisted control of adsorption of halide ions on the growing Cu2O particles. This is achieved using local pixelation of a visible light stimulus by adapting to the field of photoelectrochemistry spatial light modulation more often used in super resolution microscopy. Any user‐defined pattern (i.e., any arbitrary bitmap image file or a sequence of images) is converted within seconds into an array of nanoparticles. The process does not rely on the use of physical masks or chemical templating and it is parallel, meaning, for example, that it is possible to guide the exclusive growth of cubic nanoparticles in an area defined at will by the operator, while the neighboring section(s) are being covered exclusively by octahedrons.
Mesoporous Silica as a Versatile Platform for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Loc , Choi Youngjin , Kim Jaeyun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractImmunotherapy has been recognized for decades as a promising therapeutic method for cancer treatment. To enhance host immune responses against cancer, antigen‐presenting cells (APCs; e.g., dendritic cells) or T cells are educated using immunomodulatory agents including tumor‐associated antigens and adjuvants, and manipulated to induce a cascading adaptive immune response targeting tumor cells. Mesoporous silica materials are promising candidates to improve cancer immunotherapy based on their attractive properties that include high porosity, high biocompatibility, facile surface modification, and self‐adjuvanticity. Here, the recent progress on mesoporous‐silica‐based immunotherapies based on two material forms is summarized: 1) mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), which can be internalized into APCs, and 2) micrometer‐sized mesoporous silica rods (MSRs) that can form a 3D space to recruit APCs. Subcutaneously injected MSN‐based cancer vaccines can be taken up by peripheral APCs or by APCs in lymphoid organs to educate the immune system against cancer cells. MSR cancer vaccines can recruit immune cells into the MSR scaffold to induce cancer‐specific immunity. Both vaccine systems successfully stimulate the adaptive immune response to eradicate cancer in vivo. Thus, mesoporous silica has potential value as a material platform for the treatment of cancer or infectious diseases.
All‐Optical Control of Shape
Authors: Donovan Brian R. , Matavulj Valentina M. , Ahn Suk‐kyun , Guin Tyler , White Timothy J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPhotoresponsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a unique class of anisotropic materials capable of undergoing large‐scale, macroscopic deformations when exposed to light. Here, surface‐aligned, azobenzene‐functionalized LCEs are prepared via a radical‐mediated, thiol‐acrylate chain transfer reaction. A long‐lived, macroscopic shape deformation is realized in an LCE composed with an o‐fluorinated azobenzene (oF‐azo) monomer. Under UV irradiation, the oF‐azo LCE exhibits a persistent shape deformation for >72 h. By contrasting the photomechanical response of the oF‐azo LCE to analogs prepared from classical and m‐fluorinated azobenzene derivatives, the origin of the persistent deformation is clearly attributed to the underlying influence of positional functionalization on the kinetics of cis→trans isomerization. Informed by these studies and enabled by the salient features of light‐induced deformations, oF‐azo LCEs are demonstrated to undergo all‐optical control of shape deformation and shape restoration.
Hypervalent Iodine(III)‐Mediated Regioselective Cyanation of Quinoline N‐Oxides with Trimethylsilyl Cyanide
Authors: Xu Feng , Li Yuqin , Huang Xin , Fang Xinjie , Li Zhuofei , Jiang Hongshuo , Qiao Jingyi , Chu Wenyi , Sun Zhizhong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA regioselective cyanation of quinoline N‐oxides with trimethylsilyl cyanide was developed by using (Diacetoxyiodo) benzene (PIDA) as mediated hypervalent iodine(III) reagent under metal‐free and base‐free reaction conditions to obtain 2‐cyanoquinolines. The efficient PIDA reagent could play the role of an activator of the substrates and an accelerator of N−O bond cleavage. The reaction system featured a wide range of substrate suitability and high yields. The procedure was enlarged gram‐scale to synthesize the tuberculosis (TB) inhibitor. Finally, according to some experimental results, a plausible mechanism for the cyanation reaction is proposed.magnified image
Functionalized Boron Nitride Nanosheets: A Thermally Rearranged Polymer Nanocomposite Membrane for Hydrogen Separation
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Low Ze‐Xian , Kim Seungju , Zhang Huacheng , Chen Xiaofang , Hou Jue , Seong Jong Geun , Lee Young Moo , Simon George P. , Davies Chris H. J. , Wang Huanting 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAmino functionalized boron nitride nanosheets (FBN) were incorporated into a crosslinked, thermally rearranged polyimide (XTR) to fabricate FBN‐XTR nanocomposite membrane. The FBN‐XTR membrane exhibited a small decrease in H2 permeability but demonstrated a remarkably increased H2 gas selectivity over other gases, compared with XTR. The XTR membrane heat‐treated at 425 °C had a H2 permeability of 210 Barrers and a H2/CH4 separation factor of 24.1, whereas the nanocomposite membrane with 1 wt % FBN exhibited a H2 permeability of 110 Barrers and H2/CH4 separation factor of 275, an order of magnitude greater. At 1 wt % FBN loading, the FBN‐XTR membrane showed three times higher tensile strength and 60 % higher elongation than pristine XTR membrane. In addition, FBN‐XTR was found to be able to be readily processed into thin‐film membranes for practical H2 separation applications.
Benzaldehyd in Nickel‐katalysierten Photoredox‐sp3‐C‐H‐Alkylierungen/Arylierungen
Authors: Zhang Lumin , Si Xiaojia , Yang Yangyang , Zimmer Marc , Witzel Sina , Sekine Kohei , Rudolph Matthias , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWir berichten über eine hoch selektive Photoredox‐sp3‐C‐H‐Alkylierung/Arylierung von Ethern unter Verwendung einer Kombination aus einem Photoorganokatalysator (Benzaldehyd) und einem Übergangsmetall‐Katalysator (Nickel). Diese Methode eröffnet eine einfache und allgemeine Strategie für sp3‐C‐H‐Alkylierungen/Arylierungen von Ethern. Eine selektive Modifikation von (−)‐Ambroxid wurde ebenfalls durchgeführt, um die Möglichkeit einer Modifikation auf einer späten Synthesestufe aufzuzeigen.
Controlled and Tunable Loading and Release of Vesicles by Using Gigahertz Acoustics
Authors: Lu Yao , de Vries Wilke C. , Overeem Nico J. , Duan Xuexin , Zhang Hongxiang , Zhang Hao , Pang Wei , Ravoo Bart Jan , Huskens Jurriaan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractControllable exchange of molecules between the interior and the external environment of vesicles is critical in drug delivery and micro/nano‐reactors. While many approaches exist to trigger release from vesicles, controlled loading remains a challenge. Herein, we show that gigahertz acoustic streaming generated by a nanoelectromechanical resonator can control the loading and release of cargo into and from vesicles. Polymer‐shelled vesicles showed loading and release of molecules both in solution and on a solid substrate. We observed deformation of individual giant unilamellar vesicles and propose that the shear stress generated by gigahertz acoustic streaming induces the formation of transient nanopores, with diameters on the order of 100 nm, in the vesicle membranes. This provides a non‐invasive method to control material exchange across membranes of different types of vesicles, which could allow site‐specific release of therapeutics and controlled loading into cells, as well as tunable microreactors.
PPy‐encapsulated SnS2 Nanosheets Stabilized by Defects on a TiO2 Support as a Durable Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Ling , Zheng Jie , Wang Liang , Xiong Xunhui , Shao Yanyan , Wang Gang , Wang Jeng‐Han , Zhong Shengkui , Wu Minghong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNanostructured‐alloy‐type anodes have received great interest for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, these anodes experience huge volume fluctuations during repeated lithiation/delithiation and are easily pulverized and subsequently form aggregates. Herein, an efficient method to stabilize alloy‐type anodes by creating defects on the surface of the metal oxide support is proposed. As a demonstration, PPy‐encapsulated SnS2 nanosheets supported on defect‐rich TiO2 nanotubes were produced and investigated as an anode material for LIBs. Both experimental results and theoretical calculations demonstrate that defect‐rich TiO2 provides more chemical adhesions to SnS2 and discharge products, compared to defect‐poor TiO2, and then effectively stabilizes the electrode structure. As a result, the composite exhibits an unprecedented cycle stability. This work paves the way to designing durable and active nanostructured‐alloy‐type anodes on oxide supports.
Identification of potential metabolic biomarkers in Yin deficiency syndrome using LC–MS
Authors: Yu Yi , Yang Su , Mao Lian‐Gen , Liu Chang‐Ming , Chen Jing , Hu Yu‐Ting , Gan Lin , Jiang Ting‐Ting 
Published: November 2018

AbstractYin and Yang are the two counter‐balancing aspects in ancient Chinese philosophy. In traditional Chinese medicine, Yin deficiency syndrome (YDS) is a common sub‐health state with complex causes. While the syndrome may be treated to various degrees of effectiveness with traditional Chinese medicine, efficient modern methods are yet to be developed for diagnosing and treating the YDS. Here we performed a metabolomics study on YDS in rats. Serum metabolites in rats were analyzed using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) method to identify potential biomarkers for YDS. The rats were divided randomly into the healthy control group, the untreated YDS group, and the anemarrhena treated YDS group. Compared with the control group, significant increase in the metabolites such as dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 5β‐DHT, 4‐imidazolone‐5‐propanoate, 4‐(L‐alanin‐3‐yl)‐2‐hydroxy‐cis,cis‐muconate 6‐semialdehyde, and 5‐(L‐alanin‐3‐yl)‐2‐hydroxy‐cis,cis‐muconate 6‐semialdehyde were observed in the serum of untreated YDS group, which returned to normal in the anemarrhena treated group. Therefore, these metabolites may serve as potential biomarkers for YDS, and may facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of YDS.
Effect of Disease Activity at Three and Six Months After Diagnosis on Long‐Term Outcomes in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Gopaluni Seerapani , Flossmann Oliver , Little Mark A. , O'Hara Paul , Bekker Pirow , Jayne David ,   the European Vasculitis Society
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThe treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV) aims to suppress disease activity and prevent subsequent disease flare. This study sought to explore the association of early disease control with long‐term outcomes to validate early disease control as an end point for future clinical trials in AAV.MethodsData from 4 European Vasculitis Society inception clinical trials in AAV (1995–2002) and subsequent data on long‐term outcomes from the trial data registry were studied. Clinical parameters in patients with AAV at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after diagnosis were assessed to study the long‐term risk of death and end‐stage renal failure (ESRF). At 6 months, outcomes were defined based on a disease status of either sustained remission (remission by 3 months, sustained to 6 months), late remission (remission after 3 months and by 6 months), relapsing disease (remission by 3 months but relapse by 6 months), or refractory disease (no remission by 6 months).ResultsOf the 354 patients with AAV who were followed up for a median of 5.7 years, 46 (13%) developed ESRF, 66 (18.6%) died, and 89 (25.1%) had either died or developed ESRF. At 6 months, predictors of the composite end point of death or ESRF were as follows: age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.02, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1–1.05; P = 0.012), estimated glomerular filtration rate (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.92–0.95; P < 0.001), and disease status at 6 months (late remission, HR 2.94, 95% CI 1.1–7.85 [P = 0.031]; relapsing disease, HR 8.21, 95% CI 2.73–24.65 [P < 0.001]; refractory disease, HR 4.89, 95% CI 1.96–12.18 [P = 0.001]). Similar results were observed when these analyses were performed separately for death and for ESRF.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that disease status at 3 and 6 months following the diagnosis of AAV may be predictive of the long‐term risk of mortality and ESRF, and therefore these may be valid end points for induction trials in AAV. The current findings need to be validated in a larger data set.
A note on tests for relevant differences with extremely large sample sizes
Authors: Callegaro Andrea , Ndour Cheikh , Aris Emmanuel , Legrand Catherine 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA well‐known problem in classical two‐tailed hypothesis testing is thatP‐values go to zero when the sample size goes to infinity, irrespectively of the effect size. This pitfall can make the testing of data consisting of large sample sizes potentially unreliable. In this note, we propose to test for relevant differences to overcome this issue. We illustrate the proposed test on a real data set of about 40 million privately insured patients.
Homology‐independent genome integration enables rapid library construction for enzyme expression and pathway optimization in Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Cui Zhiyong , Jiang Xin , Zheng Huihui , Qi Qingsheng , Hou Jin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractYarrowia lipolytica is an important oleaginous industrial microorganism used to produce biofuels and other value‐added compounds. Although several genetic engineering tools have been developed for Y. lipolytica, there is no efficient method for genomic integration of large DNA fragments. In addition, methods for constructing multigene expression libraries for biosynthetic pathway optimization are still lacking in Y. lipolytica. In this study, we demonstrate that multiple and large DNA fragments can be randomly and efficiently integrated into the genome of Y. lipolytica in a homology‐independent manner. This homology‐independent integration generates variation in the chromosomal locations of the inserted fragments and in gene copy numbers, resulting in the expression differences in the integrated genes or pathways. Because of these variations, gene expression libraries can be easily created through one‐step integration. As a proof of concept, a LIP2 (producing lipase) expression library and a library of multiple genes in the β‐carotene biosynthetic pathway were constructed, and high‐production strains were obtained through library screening. Our work demonstrates the potential of homology‐independent genome integration for library construction, especially for multivariate modular libraries for metabolic pathways in Y. lipolytica, and will facilitate pathway optimization in metabolic engineering applications.
A new heterozygous G duplicate in exon1 (c.100dupG) of gelsolin gene causes Finnish gelsolin amyloidosis in a Chinese family
Authors: Feng Xuemin , Zhu Hui , Zhao Teng , Hou Yanbo , Liu Jingyao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, we report a case of Finnish gelsolin amyloidosis (FGA) in a Chinese family.MethodsThe proband presented with a range of clinical symptoms that included epileptic seizures and multiple lesions in the brain. Whole exome sequencing of the Gelsolin (GSN) gene was performed, and the GSN mutation was identified through comparison with the known human genome sequences using Genetic Testing Intelligent Execution System.ResultsThe GSN gene sequencing revealed that a heterozygous G duplicate in exon1 (c.100dupG) of the GSN gene, which caused a frameshift in GSN transcript translation in the proband, his mother and daughter, but his brother did not have it.ConclusionWe presented a new autosomal dominant heterozygous G duplicate mutation in exon1 of GSN gene, leading to FGA in a Chinese family.
Intraoperative diagnosis of an unsuspected ruptured left ventricular aneurysm using transesophageal echocardiography: A case report
Authors: Tagawa Tsuyoshi , Sakuraba Shigeki 
Published: November 2018

Key Clinical MessageTransesophageal echocardiography (TEE) enables a more accurate visualization of left ventricular posterior aneurysms than transthoracic echocardiography due to the close proximity of the esophagus to the posterior ventricular wall. Therefore, TEE is essential for the accurate diagnosis of posterior aneurysm, particularly in urgent settings where preoperative assessments may be insufficient.
Copper‐Exchanged Omega (MAZ) Zeolite: Copper‐concentration Dependent Active Sites and its Unprecedented Methane to Methanol Conversion
Authors: Knorpp Amy J. , Pinar Ana B. , Newton Mark A. , Sushkevich Vitaly L. , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe direct conversion of methane to methanol may provide a way to utilize methane that is otherwise wasted. Here we have explored one of the most promising copper zeolite materials to date, copper‐exchanged omega (MAZ) zeolite. With highly crystalline and uniform zeolite omega, we can produce 150 umol‐methanol/gram‐zeolite under 1 bar methane and as high as 200 umol‐methanol/gram‐zeolite under 30 bar methane, the highest yield ever reported. Furthermore, zeolite omega's ability to convert methane to methanol has a distinct copper‐concentration dependent behavior. At lower copper loadings, Cu–MAZ is inactive, and once a minimum copper loading is reached, Cu–MAZ converts methane to methanol more selective than the widely studied Cu‐mordenite. With the unprecedented high conversion and selectivity, Cu–MAZ provides insight into the active copper phase and its mechanism which was quantified as two electrons per molecule of methanol produced.
Self‐assembly of Amphiphilic Alternating Copolymers
Authors: Xu Qingsong , Li Shanlong , Yu Chunyang , Zhou Yongfeng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPolymer self‐assembly has been a hot research topic for several decades. Different types of polymers with various architectures, like block copolymers, brush polymers, hyperbranched polymers and dendrimers, etc., are currently being investigated. Alternating copolymers (ACPs) are regular copolymers with an alternating monomeric unit structure in the polymer backbones. However, despite the great progress in the synthesis of ACPs, their self‐assembly is still in an infant stage. Very recently, our group reported a new type of amphiphilic ACPs through click copolymerization and obtained spheres, vesicles, nanotubes, and even hierarchical sea urchin‐like aggregates through the self‐assembly process. In addition, we have found some intriguing features in the self‐assembly of amphiphilic ACPs when compared with other copolymers, including their facile syntheses, readily functionalization, novel self‐assembly structures, new folding‐chain mechanisms, and uniform but ultrathin feature length. In this Concept article, we present the self‐assembly of amphiphilic ACPs together with their unique features by reviewing our latest results and related studies. Moreover, the future perspective on the self‐assembly of amphiphilic ACPs is also proposed. Our aim is to capture the attention and interest of chemists in this new area of polymerization.
Sentiment analysis of online Chinese comments based on statistical learning combining with pattern matching
Authors: Tang Junjian , Hao Shunli , Qu Wenqi 
Published: November 2018

SummarySentiment analysis, as a branch of unstructured data mining, has interested people greatly. Sentiment analysis based on machine learning method usually considers less sentimental feature extraction. This article presents a method based on machine learning combining with pattern matching for sentiment analysis. We conduct basic sub‐word first, and then designed the keyword extraction strategy. We designed some emotional expression patterns. After the success matching to those patterns, we get emotional features, which are in the form of sequence. For each feature pattern, we calculated the value of emotional tendency, and finally to obtain the emotional tendency of the web comment based on machine‐learning method. The experiment result shows the method can improve the classification performances compared to using regular machine‐learning method.
Parallel robust solution of triangular linear systems
Authors: Kjelgaard Mikkelsen Carl Christian , Schwarz Angelika Beatrix , Karlsson Lars 
Published: November 2018

SummaryTriangular linear systems are central to the solution of general linear systems and the computation of eigenvectors. In the absence of floating‐point exceptions, substitution runs to completion and solves a system which is a small perturbation of the original system. If the matrix is well‐conditioned, then the normwise relative error is small. However, there are well‐conditioned systems for which substitution fails due to overflow. The robust solvers xLATRS from LAPACK extend the set of linear systems which can be solved by dynamically scaling the solution and the right‐hand side to avoid overflow. These solvers are sequential and apply to systems with a single right‐hand side. This paper presents algorithms which are blocked and parallel. A new task‐based parallel robust solver (Kiya) is presented and compared against both DLATRS and the non‐robust solvers DTRSV and DTRSM. When there are many right‐hand sides, Kiya performs significantly better than the robust solver DLATRS and is not significantly slower than the non‐robust solver DTRSM.
Synthesis, Characterization and Electronic Structure of Dirhenadehyro[12]annulene Complexes
Authors: Zheng Shaohui , Chu Zhenwei , Lee Ka‐Ho , Lin Qin , Li Yucen , He Guomei , Chen Jiangxi , Jia Guochen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTreatment of the SiMe3‐protected dichloro‐rhenium carbyne complexes Re{≡CCH=C(R)C≡CSiMe3}Cl2(PMe2Ph)3 (R = CMe3, 1‐adamantyl) with CsF in methanol directly afforded the 12‐membered metallacycles {ReCl(PMe2Ph)3}2{≡CCH=C(R)C≡C−}2. The electronic structure of the metallacycle was investigated by density functional calculations. The UV‐vis spectrum of the metallacycle shows a red‐shifted band compared to that of the starting dichlorocarbyne complex. Treatment of {ReCl(PMe2Ph)3}2{≡CCH=C(CMe3)C≡C−}2 with HCl produced the dichloro‐rhenium carbyne complex Re{≡CCH=C(CMe3)C≡CH}Cl2(PMe2Ph)3, which is consistent with the electronic structure of the 12‐membered metallacycles.