bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dopamine D2/3Binding Potential Modulates Neural Signatures of Working Memory in a Load-Dependent Fashion
Authors: Salami Alireza , Garrett Douglas D. , Wåhlin Anders , Rieckmann Anna , Papenberg Goran , Karalija Nina , Jonasson Lars , Andersson Micael , Axelsson Jan , Johansson Jarkko , Riklund Katrine , Lövdén Martin , Lindenberger Ulman , Bäckman Lars , Nyberg Lars 
Published: November 2018

Dopamine (DA) modulates corticostriatal connections. Studies in which imaging of the DA system is integrated with functional imaging during cognitive performance have yielded mixed findings. Some work has shown a link between striatal DA (measured by PET) and fMRI activations, whereas others have failed to observe such a relationship. One possible reason for these discrepant findings is differences in task demands, such that a more demanding task with greater prefrontal activations may yield a stronger association with DA. Moreover, a potential DA–BOLD association may be modulated by task performance. We studied 155 (104 normal-performing and 51 low-performing) healthy older adults (43% females) who underwent fMRI scanning while performing a working memory (WM)n-back task along with DA D2/3PET assessment using [11C]raclopride. Using multivariate partial-least-squares analysis, we observed a significant pattern revealing positive associations of striatal as well as extrastriatal DA D2/3receptors to BOLD response in the thalamo–striatal–cortical circuit, which supports WM functioning. Critically, the DA–BOLD association in normal-performing, but not low-performing, individuals was expressed in a load-dependent fashion, with stronger associations during 3-back than 1-/2-back conditions. Moreover, normal-performing adults expressing upregulated BOLD in response to increasing task demands showed a stronger DA–BOLD association during 3-back, whereas low-performing individuals expressed a stronger association during 2-back conditions. This pattern suggests a nonlinear DA–BOLD performance association, with the strongest link at the maximum capacity level. Together, our results suggest that DA may have a stronger impact on functional brain responses during more demanding cognitive tasks.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDopamine (DA) is a major neuromodulator in the CNS and plays a key role in several cognitive processes via modulating the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal. Some studies have shown a link between DA and BOLD, whereas others have failed to observe such a relationship. A possible reason for the discrepancy is differences in task demands, such that a more demanding task with greater prefrontal activations may yield a stronger association with DA. We examined the relationship of DA to BOLD response during working memory under three load conditions and found that the DA–BOLD association is expressed in a load-dependent fashion. These findings may help explain the disproportionate impairment evident in more effortful cognitive tasks in normal aging and in those suffering dopamine-dependent neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease).
The Prevalence of Parent-Reported Autism Spectrum Disorder Among US Children
Authors: Kogan Michael D. , Vladutiu Catherine J. , Schieve Laura A. , Ghandour Reem M. , Blumberg Stephen J. , Zablotsky Benjamin , Perrin James M. , Shattuck Paul , Kuhlthau Karen A. , Harwood Robin L. , Lu Michael C. 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVES:To estimate the national prevalence of parent-reported autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis among US children aged 3 to 17 years as well as their treatment and health care experiences using the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH).METHODS:The 2016 NSCH is a nationally representative survey of 50 212 children focused on the health and well-being of children aged 0 to 17 years. The NSCH collected parent-reported information on whether children ever received an ASD diagnosis by a care provider, current ASD status, health care use, access and challenges, and methods of treatment. We calculated weighted prevalence estimates of ASD, compared health care experiences of children with ASD to other children, and examined factors associated with increased likelihood of medication and behavioral treatment.RESULTS:Parents of an estimated 1.5 million US children aged 3 to 17 years (2.50%) reported that their child had ever received an ASD diagnosis and currently had the condition. Children with parent-reported ASD diagnosis were more likely to have greater health care needs and difficulties accessing health care than children with other emotional or behavioral disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, behavioral or conduct problems, depression, developmental delay, Down syndrome, intellectual disability, learning disability, Tourette syndrome) and children without these conditions. Of children with current ASD, 27% were taking medication for ASD-related symptoms, whereas 64% received behavioral treatments in the last 12 months, with variations by sociodemographic characteristics and co-occurring conditions.CONCLUSIONS:The estimated prevalence of US children with a parent-reported ASD diagnosis is now 1 in 40, with rates of ASD-specific treatment usage varying by children’s sociodemographic and co-occurring conditions.
Вплив лісових насаджень плантаційного типу на водно-фізичні властивості лісового ґрунту в умовах Західного Лісостепу України
Authors: Debryniuk Iurii 
Published: November 2018

Між насадженнями різного видового складу та ґрунтом існує тісна взаємодія, на яку можна впливати через зміну складу деревостану. Питання особливо актуальне з погляду тимчасового запровадження на відносно короткий проміжок часу плантаційних лісових насаджень на місці низькопродуктивних деревостанів. Тому вивчення змін у системі плантаційні насадження → ґрунт → відновлений корінний деревостан є надзвичайно важливим чинником забезпечення високої продуктивності та біотичної стійкості лісових фітоценозів.
Високі запаси стовбурової деревини (понад 400 м3/га) в умовах вологої грабово-букової діброви у 40-річних насадженнях Larix eurolepis відзначено за щільності ґрунту 1,07-1,26 г/см3, пористості 48,1-59,4%, польової вологоємності 24,2-26,1% та ступеня аерації 41,6-54,3% в горизонтах He та І. Для насаджень Larix kaempferi із запасами 578 та 582 м3/га ці показники становлять, відповідно, 1,16-1,39 г/см3, 45,3-54,1%, 23,2-25,7% та 36,9-42,8%.
Для 40-річних насаджень Larix kaempferi в умовах вологої грабової діброви ці показники визначено для трьох горизонтів ґрунту (Н; Не; І) і становлять, відповідно, 1,46-1,68 г/см3, 40,1-58,6%, 14,0-30,3% та 25,7-59,9%. Наведені значення водно-фізичних показників грунту забезпечують високий запас стовбурової деревини (447 та 476 м3/га) модринових насаджень.
В умовах вологої грабової діброви 41-річне насадження Picea abies нагромаджує такі ж високі запаси стовбурової деревини (476 м3/га) за подібних значень водно-фізичних показників ґрунту: 1,47-1,66 г/см3, 42,1-59,7%, 20,1-28,5% та 20,9-29,8%.
Негативного впливу на водно-фізичні властивості ґрунтів чистих ялинових та модринових культур не встановлено, що дає підставу рекомендувати досліджувані деревні види для застосування у плантаційних лісових насадженнях на темно-сірих ґрунтах в умовах вологого груду Західного Лісостепу України.
Формостійкість як критерій якості столярних плит із вживаної деревини
Authors: Hayda Serhiy , Kiyko Orest 
Published: November 2018

Встановлено, що вживана деревина (ВЖД), щорічний потенціал якої становить в Україні близько 2 млн тонн ВЖД, є ресурсною базою деревинної сировини, яка не використовується, а її запаси збільшуються із посиленням розвитку господарств та деревообробної галузі.
Обґрунтовано, що ВЖД є придатним вторинним ресурсом для виготовлення столярних плит (СП), оскільки ця деревина має невисоку ціну, низьку вологість (W=8±3%) та стабільні внутрішні напруження, що позитивно впливає на формостійкість – напружено-деформований стан конструкції CП. Отримано закономірності впливу ширини рейок із ВЖД(масив) та ВЖД(ДСП) на формостійкість комбінованих СП із ВЖД.
Визначено, що значення формостійкості отриманих СП із ВЖД мали показники, менші за нормативні (0,3 мм). Досліджено, що на формостійкість СП із ВЖД впливає співвідношення товщини до ширини рейки. Доведено, що для досягнення формостійкості згідно зі стандартом рекомендовано ширину рейки для склеювання столярного щита приймати не більше 2-4 її товщини. Встановлено, що найкращу якість щодо стабільності форми (формостійкість) будуть мати комбіновані СП із ВЖД при конструкції за ширини рейок: ВВЖД = 30 мм; ВДСП = 70 мм, коли відхилення від площинності становлять 0,081 мм. Для забезпечення формостійкості СП із ВЖД, які експлуатуються в умовах змінної вологості, бажано застосовувати співвідношення сторін у поперечному перерізі рейок 1:3, а кут нахилу річних шарів в торці рейок повинен бути не менше 45о. Рекомендовано для виготовлення комбінованих СП із ВЖД використовувати дерев’яні рейки радіального перерізу. Личковані СП із ВЖД доцільно використовувати для виготовлення корпусних меблевих виробів.
Association between problematic Internet use, sleep disturbance, and suicidal behavior in Chinese adolescents
Authors: Guo Lan , Luo Min , Wang Wan-Xin , Huang Guo-Liang , Xu Yan , Gao Xue , Lu Ci-Yong , Zhang Wei-Hong 
Published: November 2018

Background and aimsThis large-scale study aimed to test (a) associations of problematic Internet use (PIU) and sleep disturbance with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among Chinese adolescents and (b) whether sleep disturbance mediates the association between PIU and suicidal behavior.MethodsData were drawn from the 2017 National School-based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey. A total of 20,895 students’ questionnaires were qualified for analysis. The Young’s Internet Addiction Test was used to assess PIU, and level of sleep disturbance was measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Multilevel logistic regression models and path models were utilized in analyses.ResultsOf the total sample, 2,864 (13.7%) reported having suicidal ideation, and 537 (2.6%) reported having suicide attempts. After adjusting for control variables and sleep disturbance, PIU was associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation (AOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.03−1.04) and suicide attempts (AOR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.02−1.04). Findings of the path models showed that the standardized indirect effects of PIU on suicidal ideation (standardized β estimate = 0.092, 95% CI = 0.082−0.102) and on suicide attempts (standardized β estimate = 0.082, 95% CI = 0.068−0.096) through sleep disturbance were significant. Conversely, sleep disturbance significantly mediated the association of suicidal behavior on PIU.Discussion and conclusionsThere may be a complex transactional association between PIU, sleep disturbance, and suicidal behavior. The estimates of the mediator role of sleep disturbance provide evidence for the current understanding of the mechanism of the association between PIU and suicidal behavior. Possible concomitant treatment services for PIU, sleep disturbance, and suicidal behavior were recommended.
LTL on Finite and Process Traces: Complexity Results and a Practical Reasoner
Authors: Fionda Valeria , Greco Gianluigi 
Published: November 2018

Linear temporal logic (LTL) is a modal logic where formulas are built over temporal operators relating events happening in different time instants. According to the standard semantics, LTL formulas are interpreted on traces spanning over an infinite timeline. However, applications related to the specification and verification of business processes have recently pointed out the need for defining and reasoning about a variant of LTL, which we name LTLp, whose semantics is defined over process traces, that is, over finite traces such that, at each time instant, precisely one propositional variable (standing for the execution of some given activity) evaluates true.
The paper investigates the theoretical underpinnings of LTLp and of a related logic formalism, named LTLf, which had already attracted attention in the literature and where formulas have the same syntax as in LTLp and are evaluated over finite traces, but without any constraint on the number of variables simultaneously evaluating true. The two formalisms are comparatively analyzed, by pointing out similarities and differences. In addition, a thorough complexity analysis has been conducted for reasoning problems about LTLp and LTLf, by considering arbitrary formulas as well as classes of formulas defined in terms of restrictions on the temporal operators that are allowed. Finally, based on the theoretical findings of the paper, a practical reasoner specifically tailored for LTLp and LTLf has been developed by leveraging state-of-the-art SAT solvers. The behavior of the reasoner has been experimentally compared with other systems available in the literature.
Systemic Therapy Use and Outcomes After Relapse from Preoperative Radiation and Extrapleural Pneumonectomy for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Soldera Sara V. , Kavanagh John , Pintilie Melania , Leighl Natasha B. , Perrot Marc , Cho John , Hope Andrew , Feld Ronald , Bradbury Penelope A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Multimodality therapy with preoperative radiation (RT) followed by extrapleural pneumonectomy (EP) for patients with operable malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has demonstrated encouraging results. At relapse, there are few data on the tolerance and efficacy of systemic therapies after prior multimodality therapy.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with relapsed MPM after RT and EPP ± adjuvant chemotherapy to determine overall survival (OS; date of relapse to death) and the proportion of patients that received systemic therapy and associated response rate (RR). OS was estimated using Kaplan–Meier method and potential prognostic variables were examined.

Results
Fifty-three patients were included (2008–2016). Median OS was 4.8 months (median follow-up 4.4 months, range 0.03–34.8). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) ≥2, disease-free interval (DFI) &lt;1 year, and hemoglobin ≤110 g/L at recurrence were associated with worse prognosis. Thirty-six percent of patients received any systemic therapy, whereas it was omitted in 62% because of poor PS. RR was 15% (0 complete responses, 15% partial responses) in 13 individuals with response-evaluable disease. Therapy was discontinued because of toxicity (6/15) or disease progression (5/15), and median number of cycles was four.

Conclusion
Patients with relapsed MPM following RT and EPP, especially those with ECOG PS ≥2, DFI &lt;1 year, and hemoglobin ≤110 g/L at recurrence, have poor prognosis and low RR to first-line systemic therapy. Earlier detection and novel diagnostic markers of relapse as well as potential neoadjuvant or adjuvant systemic therapy should be investigated in future studies.
Highly Skilled Russian Migrants in London
Authors: Земнухова Лилия Владимировна 
Published: November 2018

This article analyses Russian IT professionals as highly skilled migrants in London. The context of Russian-British migration has determined the emergence and development of four waves: each of them represents a certain set of circumstances for newcomers to move to, to work in, and to live in the global city. The main idea is to show the transformation of a specific population through the four waves of highly skilled migration to London. This study is based on biographical interviews and observations collected in London in 2013–2015. I claim that the dynamics of local professional and language-based communities, on one hand, were determined by these waves of highly skilled Russian migration, and on the other, shaped their practices of capitalization of various resources1.
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1 The article is a part of the project, which is fulfilled as a government order work funded from the federal budget of the Russian Federation (“Structurization of social space in the modern city”, No AAAA-A17-117030110145-0).
Ensino de matemática em tempos fluídos: um estudo de inspiração etnomatemática
Authors: Costi Adriana , Giongo Ieda Maria 
Published: November 2018

Este texto tem por objetivo explicitar os jogos de linguagem matemáticos expressos por um grupo de estudantes do quarto ano do Ensino Fundamental ao resolverem um conjunto de tarefas que emergiram de uma prática pedagógica centrada nos processos produtivos de uma indústria frigorífica. Os aportes teóricos estão consonância com os estudos do campo da etnomatemática, em seus entrecruzamentos com as ideias da maturidade de Ludwig Wittgenstein. Metodologicamente, a investigação, qualitativa, fez uso de materiais escritos e produzidos pelos estudantes e filmagens das aulas. Tais materiais foram escrutinados à luz da análise do discurso na perspectiva foucaultiana. Os resultados apontaram para a emergência, no desenvolvimento da prática pedagógica, de conteúdos matemáticos usualmente presentes apenas nos anos posteriores de escolarização. Estes mostram a potência dos referenciais teórico-metodológicos para que se repensem os processos de ensino da Matemática, sobretudo nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental.
Ensino de Ciências para a Formação do Pedagogo: Concepções de Alunos em Formação
Authors: Higino Santana Isabel Cristina , Pereira Silveira Andréa 
Published: November 2018

O Ensino de Ciências no nível fundamental é uma tarefa estimulante e está em ampla discussão nas pesquisas educacionais e dentro da sala de aula. Nesta investigação de abordagem mista e exploratória o objetivo foi compreender as concepções que os discentes de pedagogia têm acerca do entendimento e da relevância do Ensino de Ciências para e na formação de pedagogos. As concepções de um grupo de 31 discentes regularmente matriculados na turma de 6º semestre do curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus da Faculdade de Educação de Itapipoca (UECE-FACEDI), foram acessadas por meio de um relato escrito espontâneo desses alunos. Os dados coletados foram decodificados e categorizados a partir de seu lançamento no software IRAMUTEQ em conjunto com a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Os resultados mostraram que o Ensino de Ciência é relacionado com a construção de conhecimentos específicos que possibilitam ensinar Ciências nas séries iniciais da educação básica. Os futuros pedagogos destacam também a necessidade de conhecer questões relacionadas ao meio ambiente, para além das bases teóricas do tema. Foi registado preocupação dos entrevistados em compreender o meio, sem, no entanto, se preocupar com a sua contextualização ou mesmo com a utilização da interdisciplinaridade e da ludicidade, como veículo de transposição do conhecimento adquirido na academia e levado pra dentro da sala de aula. É conclusivo, portanto, através desse processo de análise da mensagem, que o Ensino de Ciências para e na formação do pedagogo deve ser articulado a questões de formação docente, de construção de conhecimentos específicos, de relações com outras disciplinas e de ludicidade, no propósito de contribuir para a formação de indivíduos autônomos, cidadãos e críticos.
Feto-maternal outcome in second versus first stage caesarean delivery in a tertiary medical care centre
Authors: Gupta Nupur , Gupta Taru , Singh Ritu 
Published: November 2018

Background: The aim is to study neonatal and maternal outcomes of the caesarean sections performed in first stage versus second stage of labour. Methods: The retrospective analysis of data were done of caesarean section done at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at ESI PGIMSR Basaidarapur New Delhi between January 2016 to December 2016. 45 women, who underwent second stage caesarean section were studied. For each case, two consecutive cases, who underwent caesarean delivery during the first stage of labour were taken as control for the study. Primary maternal outcomes of interest were uterine atonia, transfusion requirement, urinary system injury and postoperative complications. Results: Out of 4477 deliveries, 1466 had caesarean section with a rate of 32%. The rate of second stage caesarean section was 3% of total caesarean section and 1% of total deliveries. Second stage caesarean section had higher maternal and perinatal morbidity like atonic PPH (33.3%), lower uterine segment extension (7%), febrile morbidity (10%), and need for blood transfusion (15%). There were 15.5% NICU admission in second stage caesarean group while none in first stage group. Conclusions: Caesarean section in the second stage of the labour is associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidities. Special attention is required to the patients undergoing caesarean section in the second stage of the labour. They should be handled by senior and experienced obstetrician. Neonatologist should be present for every second stage caesarean section.
Determining ATP concentration in Candida albicans in process
of forming germ tube forms
Authors: Dróżdż Maria , Seget Sebastian , Czuba Zenon 
Published: November 2018

Wstęp<i>Candida albicans</i> (<i>C. albicans</i>) wchodzi w skład naturalnej mikroflory organizmu człowieka. Jednocześnie jest jedną z najczęstszych przyczyn oportunistycznych grzybic systemowych. <i>Candida albicans</i> jest drobnoustrojem polimorficznym. Zmiana fenotypu związana jest z oddziaływaniem czynników środowiskowych. Dzięki zdolnościom polimorficznym formy drożdżopodobne mogą przeciwstawić się mechanizmom fagocytozy. Celem pracy jest ocena stężenia ATP (<i>adenosine triphosphate</i>) w procesie tworzenia form kiełkujących przez <i>C. albicans</i>.Materiał i metodyDo badań wykorzystano wzorcowy szczep <i>C. albicans</i> ATCC 10231. W pomiarach stężenia ATP wykorzystano ATP Assay Kit firmy LKB Wallac. Do oceny liczby komórek użyto urządzenia Scepter firmy Merck Millipore oraz densytometru DensiLaMeter II.WynikiStężenie ATP po 120 min było wyższe w przypadku komórek <i>C. albicans</i> stymulowanych L-proliną oraz D-glukozą niż w komórkach niestymulowanych. Największe stężenie ATP występowało w komórkach <i>C. albicans</i> poddanych stymulacji L-proliną. Również w tym przypadku występowała największa liczba form kiełkujących.Wnioski1. Tworzeniu form kiełkujących <i>C. albicans</i> towarzyszy wzrost stężenia ATP w pojedynczej komórce.
2. Niezależnie od rodzaju substancji stymulującej w procesie tworzenia form kiełkujących w <i>C. albicans</i> dochodzi do wzrostu stężenia ATP w przeliczeniu na pojedynczą komórkę grzyba.