bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of abusive supervision on employees’ innovative behavior: The role of job insecurity and locus of control
Authors: Wang Dawei , Li Xiaowen , Zhou Mengmeng , Maguire Phil , Zong Zhaobiao , Hu Yixin 
Published: December 2018

Drawing on the Conservation of Resources Theory by Hobfoll, we examined the relationships between abusive supervision, job insecurity, locus of control, and employees’ innovative behavior. Using self‐reported data collected from employees among four enterprises in China (N = 641), we found that abusive supervision was positively correlated with job insecurity. In contrast, both job insecurity and abusive supervision were negatively correlated with employees’ innovative behavior, with the impact of abusive supervision on innovative behavior being mediated by its effect on job insecurity. Having an external locus of control that served as a buffering factor for employees, mitigating the relationship between abusive supervision and job insecurity. These findings complement the existing research on the impacts of abusive leadership, providing practical information for enterprises on how to enhance levels of innovation and vitality among employees.
A review of research on affect of elementary prospective teachers in university mathematics content courses 1990–2016
Authors: Hart Lynn C. , Auslander Susan S. , Venuto Nicole , Jacobs Tiffany , Carothers Jody , Chestnutt Cliff 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to review the existing research on affect (beliefs, attitudes, and emotions) of elementary prospective teachers (EPTs) in university mathematics content courses. We use as our time period from publication in the United States of the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for Schools Mathematics through 2016. A search of a combination of electronic databases and targeted international journals resulted in a total of 11 studies that looked at some aspect of affect with EPTs in all or some part of a university mathematics course over the 27‐year time period. Nine of the 11 studies occurred in the context of a course or courses categorized as involving an alternative pedagogy that was student‐centered. Overall we found that a student‐centered approach to instruction supported changes in EPTs’ affect that align with pedagogical recommendations in reform documents such as the NCTM Standards. However, shifts were sometimes difficult to come by and encountered resistance from EPTs. Implications for course learning experiences are offered and conflicting results between studies suggest directions for future research.
Engineering design and the development of knowledge for teaching among preservice science teachers
Authors: Kim Eunjeong , Oliver J. Steve , Kim Young Ae 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe goal of this article is to inform professional understanding regarding preservice science teachers’ knowledge of engineering and the engineering design process. Originating as a conceptual study of the appropriateness of “knowledge as design” as a framework for conducting science teacher education to support learning related to engineering design, the findings are informed by an ongoing research project. Perkins’s theory encapsulates knowledge as design within four complementary components of the nature of design. When using the structure of Perkins’s theory as a framework for analysis of data gathered from preservice teachers conducting engineering activities within an instructional methods course for secondary science, a concurrence between teacher knowledge development and the theory emerged. Initially, the individuals, who were participants in the research, were unfamiliar with engineering as a component of science teaching and expressed a lack of knowledge of engineering. The emergence of connections between Perkins’s theory of knowledge as design and knowledge development for teaching were found when examining preservice teachers’ development of creative and systematic thinking skills within the context of engineering design activities as well as examination of their knowledge of the application of science to problem‐solving situations.
Turn the Bull Loose: A Test of the Moderating Effect of Economic Liberalization on the Link Between Financialization and Income Inequality in Developed Economies*
Authors: Kwon Roy 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveA burgeoning field of research shows that financialization is positively associated with income inequality. However, while it is widely recognized that the recent growth of financial activity increases in tandem with the reduction of state controls in national economies, scholars often struggle to find a straightforward connection between economic liberalization and income inequality. In light of this confusion, this study presents the argument that liberalization does not share a direct connection to the distribution of national income. Rather, economic liberalization is a moderating variable that conditions the connection between financialization and income inequality.MethodsThese contentions are tested by way of interaction effects using a panel data set of 14 developed economies for the years 1995–2010.ResultsThe results confirm the main arguments of this study as the positive link between financialization and the income share of the top 1 percent is higher at increasing levels of financial liberalization.ConclusionsThis research indicates that cross‐national variations of income inequality are partially attributable to state policy decisions on financial activity.
Impact of one‐time testing for Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies among blood donors in the United States
Authors: Dodd Roger Y. , Groves Jamel A. , Townsend Rebecca L. , Notari Edward P. , Foster Gregory A. , Custer Brian , Busch Michael P. , Stramer Susan L. 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUNDUS blood donors are tested for Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies only at their first presentation, based on studies, reviewed here, demonstrating the absence of incident infections. Reports of autochthonous human transmissions of the parasite in Texas have raised concern about the safety of one‐time testing.METHODSPositive donation frequencies were evaluated among first‐time blood donations from 2007 to 2015. Rates and their temporal changes were evaluated in an area of high T. cruzi infection and compared with rates elsewhere. Donors with positive results were surveyed for risk factors and relevant demographic characteristics.RESULTSData from 9.1 million first‐time donations were analyzed; 585 (1:15,544) were confirmed positive by radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) or concordantly positive with a second screening test/licensed assay. Seroprevalence in first‐time donors in Southern California (an area of high endemicity) was 1:2,747, or 5.7‐fold higher than the overall rate. Rates did not change over time nationally but showed a nonsignificant consistent downward trend in Southern California. The majority (92%) of donors who responded to a questionnaire had one or more T. cruzi endemic‐area risk factors. Five donors with likely autochthonous infection were identified (2007–2013); nine additional donors had RIPA false positivity.CONCLUSION
T. cruzi seroprevalence among donors nationally and in an area of high enzootic infection were stable or declining. Almost all interviewed seropositive donors had known risk factors indicating likely infection years earlier while residing in T. cruzi–endemic areas. In the United States, there was no evidence of increased T. cruzi prevalence among first‐time donors.
Effect of prophylactic treatment with levetiracetam on the incidence of postattenuation seizures in dogs undergoing surgical management of single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts
Authors: Mullins Ronan A. , Sanchez Villamil Carlos , de Rooster Hilde , Kummeling Anne , White Robert N. , Thieman Mankin Kelley M. , Tivers Michael S. , Yool Donald A. , Anderson Davina M. , Pratschke Kathryn M. , Gordo Ines , Brissot Herve , Singh Ameet , Olive Melanie , Billet Jean Phillipe , Selmic Laura E. , Kirby Barbara M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo report the incidence of postattenuation seizures (PAS) in dogs that underwent single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (cEHPSS) attenuation and to compare incidence of PAS in dogs that either did or did not receive prophylactic treatment with levetiracetam (LEV).Study designMulti‐institutional retrospective study.PopulationNine hundred forty dogs.MethodsMedical records were reviewed to identify dogs that underwent surgical attenuation of a single cEHPSS from January 2005 through July 2017 and developed PAS within 7 days postoperatively. Dogs were divided into 3 groups: no LEV (LEV−); LEV at ≥15 mg/kg every 8 hours for ≥24 hours preoperatively or a 60 mg/kg intravenous loading dose perioperatively, followed by ≥15 mg/kg every 8 hours postoperatively (LEV1); and LEV at <15 mg/kg every 8 hours, for <24 hours preoperatively, or continued at <15 mg/kg every 8 hours postoperatively (LEV2).ResultsSeventy‐five (8.0%) dogs developed PAS. Incidence of PAS was 35 of 523 (6.7%), 21 of 188 (11.2%), and 19 of 228 (8.3%) in groups LEV‐, LEV1, and LEV2, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant (P = .14). No differences between groups of dogs that seized with respect to investigated variables were identified.ConclusionThe overall incidence of PAS was low (8%). Prophylactic treatment with LEV according to the protocols that were investigated in our study was not associated with a reduced incidence of PAS.Clinical significanceProphylactic treatment with LEV does not afford protection against development of PAS. Surgically treated dogs should continue to be monitored closely during the first 7 days postoperatively for seizures.
Predictive value of plasma and peritoneal creatine kinase in horses with strangulating intestinal lesions
Authors: Kilcoyne Isabelle , Nieto Jorge E. , Dechant Julie E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the ability of plasma and peritoneal creatine kinase (CK) to predict the presence of a strangulating lesion in horses presented for colic.Study designProspective clinical study.AnimalsTen healthy control horses and 61 clinical colic cases.MethodsCreatine kinase activity was measured in peritoneal fluid and plasma of 10 healthy horses and 61 horses presenting for colic (40 horses with nonstrangulating lesions and 21 horses with strangulating lesions). Information on other blood and peritoneal fluid variables, signalment, results from the physical examination, outcome, requirement for surgery, and lesion location and type were retrieved from the medical records of horses presenting for colic.ResultsA peritoneal CK cutoff level of 16 IU/L yielded a sensitivity of 95.2% and a specificity of 84.6% (positive predictive value [PPV] = 76.9% and negative predictive value [NPV] = 97%, respectively) for predicting a strangulating lesion. A peritoneal lactate cutoff level of 3.75 mmol/L yielded a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 92% (PPV = 85% and NPV = 90%, respectively) for predicting a strangulating lesion.ConclusionPeritoneal CK concentration was a sensitive indicator of the presence of a strangulating lesion in horses presenting with colic, whereas peritoneal lactate concentration was a more specific indicator.Clinical significanceMeasuring CK in peritoneal fluid may be a useful adjunct to clinical case presentation to accelerate the diagnosis and definitive treatment of horses presenting with strangulating intestinal lesions, thereby improving their outcome.
Sensitivity of the human ventilatory response to muscle metaboreflex activation during concurrent mild hypercapnia
Authors: Alghaith Jassim M. , Balanos George M. , Eves Francis F. , White Michael J. 
Published: December 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What is the relationship between the level of systemic hypercapnia and the magnitude of the additional hyperpnoea produced in response to a standardized level of muscle metaboreflex activation?

What is the main finding and its importance?
When a standardized activation of the muscle metaboreflex was combined with exposure to increasing levels of hypercapnia, the hyperpnoea this caused increased linearly. The concept of a synergistic interaction between the muscle metaboreflex and the central chemoreflex in humans is supported by this finding.

AbstractVentilation increases during muscle metaboreflex activation when postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO) traps metabolites in resting human muscle, but only in conditions of concurrent systemic hypercapnia. We hypothesize that a linear relationship exists between the level of hypercapnia and the magnitude of the additional hyperpnoea produced in response to a standardized level of muscle metaboreflex activation. Fifteen male subjects performed four trials, in which the end‐tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide () was elevated by 1, 3, 7 or 10 mmHg above resting values using a dynamic end‐tidal forcing system. In each trial, subjects were seated in an isometric dynamometer designed to measure ankle plantar flexor force. Rest for 2 min in room air was followed by 15 min of exposure to one of the four levels of hypercapnia, at which 5 min further rest was followed by 2 min of sustained isometric calf muscle contraction at 50% of predetermined maximal voluntary strength. Immediately before cessation of exercise, a cuff around the upper leg was inflated to a suprasystolic pressure to cause PECO for 3 min, before its deflation and a further 5 min of rest, concluding exposure to hypercapnia. The PECO consistently elevated mean arterial blood pressure by ∼10 mmHg in all trials, indicating similar levels of metaboreflex activation. Increased ventilation during PECO was related to as described by the following linear regression equation: Change in minute ventilation (l min−1) = 0.85 × (mmHg) + 0.80 (l min−1). This finding supports our hypothesis and furthers the idea of a synergistic interaction between muscle metaboreflex activation and central chemoreflex stimulation.
Cryotherapy or gradual reloading exercises in acute presentations of rotator cuff tendinopathy: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dupuis Frédérique , Barrett Eva , Dubé Marc-Olivier , McCreesh Karen M , Lewis Jeremy S , Roy Jean-Sébastien 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesRotator cuff tendinopathies are the most common shoulder disorders. As persistent symptoms lasting more than 3 months have been shown to be a strong indicator of poor outcomes, it is important to have successful interventions in the acute stage. However, there is no evidence yet to guide clinical interventions in an acute pain context. The objective of this study was to compare the short-term effect of a 2-week gradual reloading exercises programme with the use of cryotherapy on symptoms and function for acute rotator cuff tendinopathy.MethodsThis simple-blind, randomised controlled trial included 44 participants with acute rotator cuff tendinopathy who were randomly allocated to either the exercises or cryotherapy group. Symptoms and functional limitations were evaluated at weeks 0, 2 and 6 using self-reported questionnaires (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, Western Ontario Rotator Cuff, and Brief Pain Inventory), while acromiohumeral distance, shoulder strength and active range of motion were evaluated at weeks 0 and 2.ResultsFollowing interventions, both groups showed statistically significant improvements on symptoms and function at week 2 and week 6 compared with baseline. However, there was no significant group × time interaction. There was no time effect on acromiohumeral distance, shoulder strength and active range of motion, as well as no time × group interaction.ConclusionThe results showed a statistically significant improvement in symptoms and function in both groups, but there was no difference between the short-term effect of a cryotherapy based-approach and a gradual reloading exercises programme.Trial registration numberNCT02813304.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti/Al dissimilar joints produced by laser-MIG welding–brazing
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhu Zongtao , Xue Junliang 
Published: December 2018

We butt-welded AA6061 aluminum alloy to Ti6Al4V titanium alloy, dissimilar light metals, by using laser-MIG hybrid welding–brazing without grooves. The parameters of the laser and arc were optimized to produce sound joints with good formation and mechanical properties. The microstructure of the layer of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. We also tested the tensile strength of the joints with and without reinforcement. The morphology and thickness of the IMCs varied throughout the joints. A continuous thin layer of TiAl3 appeared on the top surface of the Ti6Al4V, on which some rod-like IMCs grew toward the fusion zone. In the upper region of the butt plane, because more heat accumulated there from the high-power laser coupled with the MIG arc, double-layer IMCs with a thickness of [Formula: see text]10.0 [Formula: see text]m formed, composed of TiAl (near the Ti alloy) and TiAl3 (near the fusion zone). In the lower region of the butt plane, the double-layer IMCs became continuous and uniform, the serrated morphology disappeared, and the thickness of the IMC layer decreased to 4.0 [Formula: see text]m. On the backside of the joint, the thickness of the compound layer (TiAl3) was about 1.0 [Formula: see text]m. The average tensile strengths of the reinforced and unreinforced joints were 226 MPa and 210 MPa, respectively, which are up to 88% and 81% of the AA6061 tensile strength, respectively.
One-Pot Synthesis of Magnetic Cationic Adsorbent Modified with PDDA for Organic Phosphonates Removal
Authors: Chen Junjie , Ju Yonggan , Chen Hongling 
Published: December 2018

Fe3O4nanoparticles coating with poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (Fe3O4/PDDA) as novel magnetic adsorbents were synthesized with chemical co-precipitation method to study the removal capacity of organic phosphonates from aqueous solution. The as-prepared magnetic absorbents were characterized for the morphology, material structure and surface properties by SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XRD, TGA and BET. HEDP was employed as a common organic phosphonate to investigate the adsorption performance. Substantial quaternary ammonium groups existing on the surface of Fe3O4/PDDA could enhance the absorption of HEDP with electrostatic attraction. In the optimum condition (4[Formula: see text]mg adsorbent dosage, 11.0 pH, 36[Formula: see text]mg/L HEDP solution and 120[Formula: see text]min adsorption time), the maximum adsorption capacity ([Formula: see text]) for HEDP could reach 254.86[Formula: see text]mg/g. The kinetic study revealed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherm fitted closely to the Freundlich model. The as-prepared magnetic adsorbents exhibited notable reusability in some cycles and were easily separated from the solution with the external magnetic field. These as-prepared Fe3O4/PDDA nanoparticles have the potential as an environmental-friendly adsorbent for organic phosphonates removal from waste-water.
FarSight
Authors: Nambi Akshay Uttama , Virmani Adtiya , Padmanabhan Venkata N. 
Published: December 2018

Maintaining an adequate separation from the vehicle in front is key to safe driving. While LIDAR and RADAR sensors could be used for ranging, cost considerations and the huge installed base of vehicles that lack these sensors, especially in developing regions, call for a low-cost yet robust alternative. To this end, we present FarSight, a system that performs vehicle ranging using a smartphone mounted on the windshield or the dashboard. FarSight uses the smartphone's camera to identify and draw a bounding box around vehicles in front, based on which ranging is performed. Unlike prior smartphone-based work, FarSight does not depend on any infrastructure support such as standard-width lane markers and works with a heterogeneous mix of vehicles, both of which are characteristics of developing regions. We develop a novel hybrid approach for vehicle detection and tracking, which balances accuracy and speed by combining deep neural network based vehicle detection with vision-based object tracking in a pipelined manner. We also devise data augmentation techniques to improve the effectiveness of vehicle detection, thereby increasing the ranging distance.
We show that FarSight can range accurately in both daytime and nighttime conditions and up to distances of 90 m. We have implemented FarSight as an Android-app and tested it across various phones. Further, we present two ranging-based applications built on FarSight.
Durability of Benefits From Supervised Treadmill Exercise in People With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: McDermott Mary M. , Kibbe Melina R. , Guralnik Jack M. , Ferrucci Luigi , Criqui Michael H. , Domanchuk Kathryn , Tian Lu , Zhao Lihui , Li Lingyu , Patel Kruti , Polonsky Tamar S. 
Published: December 2018

Background
It is currently unknown whether 6 months of supervised treadmill exercise has a durable benefit on 6‐minute walk performance, even after exercise is completed, in people with peripheral artery disease.

Methods and Results

A total of 156 participants with peripheral artery disease were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: supervised treadmill exercise, supervised resistance training, or attention control. Participants received supervised sessions during months 1 to 6 and telephone contact during months 6 to 12. Primary outcomes were change in 6‐minute walk distance and short physical performance battery at 6‐month follow‐up and have been reported previously. Secondary outcomes were change in 6‐minute walk and short physical performance battery at 12‐month follow‐up and are reported here. A group of 134 participants (86%) completed the 12‐month follow‐up. At 6‐month follow‐up, compared with control, 6‐minute walk distance improved in the treadmill exercise group (+36.1 m, 95%
CI
=13.9‐58.3,
P
=0.001). Between 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up, 6‐minute walk distance significantly declined (−28.6 m, 95% CI=−52.6 to −4.5,
P
=0.020) and physical activity declined −272 activity units (95%
CI
=−546 to +2,
P
=0.052) in the treadmill exercise group compared with controls. At 12‐month follow‐up, 6 months after completing supervised treadmill exercise, change in 6‐minute walk distance was not different between the treadmill exercise and control groups (+7.5, 95%
CI
=−17.5 to +32.6,
P
=0.56). There were no differences in short physical performance battery change between either exercise group and control at 6‐month or 12‐month follow‐up.

Conclusions
A 6‐month supervised treadmill exercise intervention that improved 6‐minute walk distance at 6‐month follow‐up did not have persistent benefit at 12‐month follow‐up. These results do not support a durable benefit of supervised treadmill exercise in peripheral artery disease.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Identifier:
NCT
00106327.