bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of aluminum oxide nanoparticles using seeds of Carica papaya and evaluation of it for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and photocatalysis activity
Authors: Laskar Indrani , Saha Rajib 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe present work is aimed at the synthesis of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (AlONPs) using the seed extract of Carica papaya. The aluminum oxide nanoparticles were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometer, and zeta potential, respectively. This work also determines the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the seed extract AlONPs against pathogens such as Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) for antibacterial and Aspergillus niger (A. niger) for antifungal. The as-synthesized AlONPs were used for the degradation of EY dye in the presence of visible light. The presence of an absorption peak at a wavelength of 272 nm in the synthesized nanoparticles was detected by UV–Vis spectroscopy analysis. The results of the FTIR study confirmed the existence of various chemicals and functional groups in the 500–4000 cm−1 range. EDX results revealed that it included 68% aluminum and 22% oxygen established the high purity of the AlONPs. The average crystallite size of the synthesized AlONPs was found to be 52 nm by XRD analysis. Using DPPH activity, the synthesized AlONPs showed incredible antioxidant properties of 72.42% inhibition at the maximum concentration of 100 µg/ml. Moreover, it was found that the AlONPs significant antibacterial activity against tested strains viz. B. cereus (20 mm) and also showed antifungal efficacy against A. niger (30 mm) at higher concentrations of AlONPs. The photocatalytic degradation of the dye through the utilization of the synthesized AlONPs was clearly evident through the observation of a shift in color of the Eosin Y dye, transitioning from a deep pink hue to a nearly colorless state after exposure to UV light for 300 min. The green synthesized AlONPs show high photocatalytic degradation of EY 91.41% after 300 min under visible light irradiation. The current investigation has demonstrated that the seed extract of Carica papaya serves as a significant resource for the synthesis of AlONPs through a biological, eco-friendly, and non-toxic approach, while also possessing antibacterial, antioxidant, and photocatalytic properties.
Navigating the complexity of Wilms tumors in pediatrics: diagnostic challenges for better treatment
Authors: Morini Mariana Andozia , da Cunha Isabela Werneck 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMost pediatric kidney tumors clinically present as an abdominal mass, typically detected by the child’s caregivers and later confirmed through imaging tests. Malignant renal cancers account for approximately 5% of childhood kidney neoplasms, with Wilms tumors (WT) being the most common diagnosis in this category (90% of cases). Patients are treated according to two main protocols: the American protocol of the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) or the protocol from the Société Internationale d’Oncologie Pédiatrique (SIOP), which differ in terms of the timing of surgery (before or after chemotherapy). Grossly, pediatric kidney tumors are neoplasms that can vary significantly in size. After a correct histological diagnosis, the child will be treated according to the guidelines for that specific neoplasm. Therefore, the accurate diagnosis of the histological subtype is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment that can improve survival rates in children. Consequently, it is extremely important to recognize neoplasms that require differentiation from WT.
From prevention to management: exploring AI’s role in metabolic syndrome management: a comprehensive review
Authors: Choubey Udit , Upadrasta Vashishta Avadhani , Kaur Inder P. , Banker Himanshi , Kanagala Sai Gautham , Anamika F. N. U. , Virmani Mini , Jain Rohit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
This review aims to comprehensively explore the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is characterized by a cluster of conditions, posing a growing public health threat globally. Recognizing the limitations of traditional management approaches, we emphasize the potential of AI in transforming the management of MetS, focusing on recent advancements and applications in risk prediction and diagnosis.
Body and conclusion.
The integration of artificial intelligence in medicine is expanding, particularly in managing MetS, involving conditions like hypertension and dyslipidemia. Diagnosis and treatment challenges stem from addressing multiple conditions simultaneously. AI tools prove essential in monitoring indices such as blood pressure and glucose, and identifying trends for treatment adjustments. Lifestyle modifications are crucial, and AI can facilitate these changes through user-friendly interfaces and positive reinforcement. Standardization and successful implementation of AI tools in medical practices are necessary for revolutionizing MetS management, requiring focused future research efforts.
Integration of PSPU-Net gravity inversion neural network with gravity data for enhanced 3D basement relief estimation
Authors: Liu X. , Geng M. , Sun J. , Ali M. Y. , Abughazal S. , Lin K. 
Published: November 2024

Estimating the sediment-basement interface is critical to understanding basin evolution and its applications in energy, water resources, and seismic risk management. We develop a PSPU-Net gravity inversion (GI) network, a deep-learning approach combining the Pyramid Scene Parsing Network and U-Net, for gravity data to recover the sediment-basement interface. Training and validation involve smoothed basement models generated from random rectangles followed by filtering. We also incorporate uplifted basements and intrusions to enhance performance in complex geologic contexts. Numerical results for synthetic models determine PSPU-Net GI’s effective recovery of sediment-basement interface relief. To improve field data predictions, we implement transfer learning and normalization strategies. Transfer learning constructs a small number of additional basement models based on site-specific prior information and fine-tunes the neural network trained on the original general models. The normalization strategy provides a convenient way of harnessing depth information from seismic data and wells. We apply our framework to the gravity data from the western margin of the Pannonian Basin (Austria). The predictions from three implementations, baseline PSPU-Net GI, PSPU-Net GI + transfer learning, and PSPU-Net GI + normalization, successfully characterize the basement relief and are consistent with the results in previous publications. Compared with the prediction from the baseline PSPU-Net GI, the prediction accuracies obtained from the PSPU-Net GI implementations with the additional transfer learning and normalization components are notably improved.
Conservative and integrated management of genital lymphoedema: case reports for men
Authors: Borman Pinar , Noble-Jones Rhian , Thomas Melanie J , Bragg Thomas , Gordon Kristiana 
Published: November 2024

Genital oedema of primary and secondary aetiology is gaining increased recognition; it occurs in people of all ages, although accurate prevalence remains unknown. While reports of surgical intervention are quite common, clear description of conservative management is rare, and, overall, diagnosis and management remain largely delayed. Conservative management of genital oedema requires imaginative use of compression bandages and support garments, adapted manual lymphatic drainage, enablement of exercise and activities required for school/employment and diligent skin care to avoid cellulitis. The aim of this article is to present case reports from two European countries discussing five males of differing ages and with genital oedema of different aetiology as examples of conservative management of male genital oedema. The case reports include an adolescent boy with genital oedema since age 1 year, a 49-year-old man treated for penile cancer, a 60-year-old man treated for primary rectal lymphoma, a 48-year-old man with morbid obesity and a 49-year-old with obesity and recurrent infections. The latter two cases integrate surgery and conservative care. Case reports can be a useful means of addressing education needs related to rarer conditions and sharing practice where diagnostic criteria and specific protocols of care are lacking.
Comparing Nanofiltration and Ion Exchange for Reverse Osmosis Pretreatment in Industrial Water Treatment: A Techno-Economic Analysis
Authors: Harwin* Harwin 
Published: November 2024

Water softening is a crucial process in various industrial applications, and the selection of an appropriate system involves balancing technical efficiency, environmental impact, and economic considerations. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of two prominent industrial water softening systems, Nanofiltration (NF) and Ion Exchanger (IX), through a multidimensional lens. The system’s design and sizing were simulated with computer assistance, using the DuPont’s WAVE Water Treatment Design Software version 1.82. The technical evaluation, based on simulations, revealed that IX outperformed NF in total hardness removal ( 99%) at the expense of a slight increase in Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). In contrast, NF demonstrated a superior ability to reduce TDS, albeit with lesser total hardness removal. Environmental considerations highlighted trade-offs, with NF generating higher wastewater volumes and IX producing wastewater with highly concentrated TDS, necessitating complex treatment processes. Economically, NF generally incurred higher Total Annual Costs (TAC) at lower total hardness concentrations, while IX became costlier at higher concentrations. A selection chart is introduced to aid decision-making based on economic considerations. This research offers valuable insights for industries seeking an optimal water softening solution, balancing technical efficiency, environmental impact, and economic considerations. The findings provide a nuanced understanding to guide system selection based on specific water quality requirements and economic constraints.
From meta-analysis to Mendelian randomization: Unidirectional perspectives on the association of glaucoma with depression and anxiety
Authors: Deng Jie , Qin YuHui 
Published: November 2024

Background
Glaucoma, a primary cause of blindness worldwide, has its association with depression and anxiety noted, yet the understanding of such association is still rudimentary. This study aims to provide the unidirectional perspectives on the association of glaucoma with depression and anxiety, informing public health strategies.

Methods
The Meta-analysis screened observational studies from Medline, Embase, and Web of Science, using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for quality assessment. It employed R’s ’meta’ package to assess the association between glaucoma and depression or anxiety prevalence. The Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using R’s ’TwoSampleMR’ package, based on data from the IEU database data to explore the impact of glaucoma on depression and anxiety.

Results
This Meta-analysis included 23 out of 379 studies involving 11,845 glaucoma patients. The combined prevalence of depression among glaucoma patients, derived from 18 cross-sectional studies, stood at 19.42%. Five case-control studies indicated that glaucoma patients had a 6.17-fold higher risk of depression compared to controls. Derived from 16 cross-sectional studies, the consolidated prevalence for anxiety was 19.07%. According to five case-control studies, glaucoma patients exhibited a 4.45-fold increased risk of anxiety compared to controls. MR analysis failed to uncover a causal effect of glaucoma on depression and anxiety.

Conclusion
This study suggests that glaucoma patients may experience higher prevalence of depression and anxiety than the general population, with no clear genetic links found. It suggests that environmental factors and non-genetic biological pathways, among others, may play significant roles in their association, though the role of genetic factors cannot be ruled out. These findings highlight the necessity of a comprehensive approach to study the complex factors influencing the association of glaucoma with depression or anxiety and underscore the importance of integrating mental health considerations into glaucoma management to improve medication adherence and disease progression.
Growth monitoring and promotion service utilization and its associated factors among children less than two years in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Simegn Mulat Belay , Tilahun Werkneh Melkie , Mazengia Elyas Melaku , Haimanot Aysheshim Belaineh , Mneneh Anteneh Lamesgen , Mengie Muluye Gebrie , Endalew Bekalu , Birhanu Molla Yigzaw , Tesfie Tigabu Kidie , Asmare Lakew , Geremew Habtamu 
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Growth monitoring and promotion services are strategies to promote child health and reduce child mortality. Even though Ethiopia is attempting different strategies to cope with the low rate of GMP utilization, the problem is still unresolved.

Objective
Determine the pooled proportion of GMP utilization and its contributing factors among children less than two years in Ethiopia.

Method
The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42023472746. The PRISMA-2020 statement guided the conduct of this review. Electronic databases and grey literature were used. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I2. Subgroup analysis was conducted. The random effect model was used to summarize the pooled effect sizes with their respective 95% CI with STATA version 17. To test the small study effect, the funnel plot and Egger’s test were applied.

Result
A total of seven (7) studies with 4027 participants were considered in this meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of GMP utilization reported by seven studies was 25.71% (95%CI: 24.39, 27.04). ANC follow-up (AOR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.47, 2.76), PNC follow-up (AOR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.44, 2.49), counseling (AOR = 2.88; 95% CI: 2.09, 3.68), maternal education (AOR = 2.89; 95% CI: 1.66, 4.13), paternal education (AOR = 3.78; 95% CI: 2.25, 5.32), family health card (AOR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.67, 2.96), and mothers good knowledge towards GMP (AOR = 2.90; 95% CI: 1.72, 4.07) variables were positively associated with GMP service utilization.

Conclusion and recommendation
The pooled proportion of GMP remains low in Ethiopia. ANC and PNC follow-up, counseling, maternal and paternal education, family health cards, maternal knowledge towards GMP were significantly associated. Findings are essential for evidence-based policy making, intervention, and input for ongoing research.
Analysis of medico-legal claims related to deliveries: Caesarean section vs. vaginal delivery
Authors: Eshraghi Nasim , Ghaemi Marjan , Shabannejad Zahra , Bazmi Elham , Foroozesh Mehdi , Haddadi Mohammad , Azizi Sepideh , Mansouri Zeinab , Hantoushzadeh Sedigheh 
Published: November 2024

Background
The Iranian National Health Service (NHS) suggested that gynecologists face a higher risk of medicolegal claims, with a significant number of claims being related to delivery events. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with delivery related claims.

Method
In this cross-sectional study, we conducted an analysis of medico-legal documents which related to complications during delivery events and presented to Iranian Medical Legal Organization spanning from March 2018 to February 2020. A total of 227 legal prosecutions that were initiated by patients or, in cases where that wasn’t possible, by their families, were included in the study and all of them were evaluated in commission with experienced professionals. The data collection phase occurred between February 2023 and May 2023. The collected data encompassed various aspects, including patient characteristics mode of delivery, reasons for claims, hospital type, accused party, the occurrence of instrumental delivery and the final disposition of the claims (paid claims or closed claims). Paid claims represent successful lawsuits where the healthcare provider or their insurer made a financial settlement to the patient. Closed claims encompass those that were either denied or dismissed. Chi-square or t-tests were employed to compare factors between paid claims and closed claims.

Result
In this study, it was observed that vaginal delivery was performed in 51.1% of the claims, whereas 48.9% underwent a caesarean section.. Approximately half of the claims were against obstetrician-gynecologists, and 33% of the claims against other providers were against midwives.. The majority of complaints were related to perinatal mortality (34.8%) and neonatal asphyxia (18.5%). In 58.1% of cases, no malpractice was identified, while 41.9% resulted in paid claims. Also, there were no significant differences between the paid claims and closed claims groups in several factors, such as the type of hospital (P = 0.904), maternal age (P = 0.157), type of delivery (P = 0.080), and accused party (P = 0.168). However, the number of instrumental deliveries (13.8% of vaginal deliveries) and the reasons for claims, exhibited significant differences between the two claims (P = 0.021, P<0.001 respectively).

Conclusion
This study found that maternal complications were more common in caesarean sections, while neonatal claims were more prevalent in vaginal deliveries. The study recommended public health interventions to reduce the overall prevalence of delivery-related claims.
How do medical students deal with the topic of racism? A qualitative analysis of group discussions in Germany
Authors: Gerhards Simon Matteo , Schweda Mark 
Published: November 2024

Background
Anti-racism is part of the medical professional ethos. Nevertheless, racism pervades medicine on individual, institutional, and structural levels. The concept of habitus helps to understand deficiencies in enacting anti-racism in practice. We use a habitus-based framework to analyse how medical students in Germany deal with the topic of racism. The research questions are: What are medical students’ understandings of racism? How do they deal with the topic in discussions? What difficulties do they face in such discussions?

Methods
In a qualitative-explorative research design, we conducted six online group discussions with 32 medical students from medical schools all over Germany. Data analysis combined qualitative methods from thematic qualitative content analysis and the documentary method.

Results
We identified five typical ways of dealing with the topic of racism in discussions. The first one (‘scientistic’) orientates action towards the idea of medicine as an objective science, justifies the use of racial categories as scientific, and defines racism based on intention. The second (‘pragmatic’) orientates action towards tacit rules of clinical practice, justifies the use of racialised categories as practical and defines racism as an interpersonal problem. The third (‘subjectivist’) lacks a clear orientation of action for dealing with the topic of racism and instead displays uncertainty and subjectivism in understanding racialised categorisations as well as racism. The fourth (‘interculturalist’) orientates action towards an ideal of intercultural exchange, understands racialised categorisations as representing cultural differences and interprets racism as prejudice against cultures. The fifth (‘critical’) orientates action towards sociological scholarship, understands racialised categorisations as social constructs and views racism as a structural problem.

Conclusion
The results presented help to understand preconditions of enacting anti-racism in medicine and point to difficulties and learning needs. The heterogenous ways of dealing with the topic require a differentiated approach in medical education.
Global Media Coverage of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: Reporting the Sheikh Jarrah Evictions, Noureddine Miladi (ed.) (2023)
Authors: Menon Lakshmi Venugopal 
Published: November 2024

Review of: Global Media Coverage of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: Reporting the Sheikh Jarrah Evictions, Noureddine Miladi (ed.) (2023)
London, Oxford, New York, New Delhi and Sydney: Bloomsbury, 296 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-75564-989-1, h/bk, £100
ISBN 978-0-75564-993-8, p/bk, £28.99
ISBN 978-0-75564-990-7, e-book, £90
Atenco Lives! Filmmaking and Popular Struggle in Mexico, Livia K. Stone (2019)
Authors: Cupic Tijana 
Published: November 2024

Review of: Atenco Lives! Filmmaking and Popular Struggle in Mexico, Livia K. Stone (2019)
Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 202 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-82652-223-8, h/bk, $99.95
ISBN 978-0-82652-224-5, p/bk, $39.95
ISBN 978-0-82650-303-9, e-book, $34.99
Analisis Yuridis Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Kurator Terhadap Tindak Pidana Penggelapan Dalam Proses Pemberesan Harta Pailit
Authors: Br Siahaan Yanti Tiara 
Published: November 2024

AbstrakTujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mempelajari peran kurator dalam pengolahan dan pemberesan harta pailit serta konsekuensi pidana terhadap kurator yang melakukan penggelapan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang serta Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Dengan menggunakan metodologi penelitian kualitatif, hasilnya adalah elindungi hak hak kreditur atas tindakan kurator dan menghukum kurator yang melakukan tindak pidana selama proses pemberesan harta pailit. Salah satu perlindungan yang diberikan kepada debitor adalah hak atas klaim aset yang tidak dilaporkan secara terbuka, perlindungan aset selama proses pemberesan harta pailit, perlindungan aset dari penjualan aset yang tidak sesuai dengan harga pasar, dan perlindungan dari laporan yang dimanipulasi oleh kurator. Pemerintah menerapkan Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (UU KPKPU) dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) dengan menerapkan sanksi pidana, termasuk penjara paling lama 5 tahun, serta sanksi tambahan, seperti pencabutan izin atau status.Kata Kunci : Pertanggungjawaban Pidana, Kepailitan, Sanksi PidanaAbstractThis writing aims to examine the curator's role in overseeing and resolving assets in bankruptcy, as well as the criminal consequences for curators who commit embezzlement, as outlined in Law Number 37 of 2004 About Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations and Bankruptcy and the Criminal Code. Using qualitative research methodology, the result is to protect the rights of creditors against the actions of the curator and to punish the curator who commits crimes during the bankruptcy asset settlement process. The right to claim assets that are not publicly reported, asset protection throughout the bankruptcy settlement process, asset protection from the sale of assets that do not reflect market values, and protection from curator-manipulated reports are some of the safeguards granted to the debtor. The government enforces the Criminal Code (KUHP) and Law Number 37 of 2004 About Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations and Bankruptcy (UU KPKPU) by enforcing criminal penalties, which include up to five years in prison, as well as other penalties like license or status revocation.Keywords : Criminal Liability, Bankruptcy, Criminal Sanctions