bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infective Endocarditis Hospitalizations and Antibiotic Prophylaxis Rates Before and After the 2007 American Heart Association Guideline Revision
Authors: Garg Pallav , Ko Dennis T. , Bray Jenkyn Krista M. , Li Lihua , Shariff Salimah Z. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
In 2007, the American Heart Association recommended antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of infective endocarditis (IE) for only the highest-risk patients. Whether this change affected the use of antibiotic prophylaxis and the incidence of IE is unclear.

Methods:
IE-related hospitalizations were identified from 2002 to 2014 among all adults and those at high and moderate risk for IE, stratified by age. Prescriptions for antibiotic prophylaxis were obtained from the Ontario Drug Benefit database for adults ≥65 years of age. Outcomes were antibiotic prophylaxis prescription rates and incidence of IE-related hospitalization. Trends in patient and pathogen characteristics were analyzed. Time series analyses were performed with segmented regression and change-point analyses.

Results:

Prescriptions for antibiotic prophylaxis decreased substantially in the moderate-risk cohort after the guideline revision (mean quarterly prescriptions, 30 680 versus 17 954 [level change, −6,481;
P
=0.0004] per 1 million population) with a minimal, yet significant, decrease followed by a slow increase in the high-risk group. There were 7551 IE-related hospitalizations among 6884 adults ≥18 years of age. Among adults ≥65 years of age, the mean IE rate increased from 872 to 1385 and 229 to 283 per 1 million population at risk per quarter in the high- and moderate-risk groups, respectively. Change-point analyses indicated that this increase occurred in the second half of 2010 in adults ≥65 years of age, 3 years after the American Heart Association guideline revision.
Staphylococcus aureus
and streptococcal species accounted for 30.3% and 26.4% of all IE, with a decrease in streptococcal infections over time.

Conclusions:
Antibiotic prophylaxis decreased significantly in the moderate-risk group with minimal change in the high-risk group after the American Heart Association guideline revision in 2007. However, IE-related hospitalizations increased among both high- and moderate-risk patients 3 years after the revision. Our study provides support for the cessation of antibiotic prophylaxis in the moderate-risk population.
Freeman and the Abuse of Authority
Authors: Heppell Michael 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Victor King has written a ‘case study’ about an alleged attempt by Derek Freeman to claim authority over anthropological research among the Iban of Sarawak to the eventual detriment of the study of Iban textiles. This article examines the evidence King marshals to prosecute his case and considers his views about evolutionary explanations and the logical coherence of the conceptualization by Iban women of their textile art.
Eurasian Emigration from Singapore
Authors: Lowe John 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In the late modern era, emigration and concomitant citizenship renunciations in countries that do not allow dual citizenship can be the result of lifestyle preferences or better work opportunities. Although emigration is an integral dimension of cosmopolitanism in an era when national borders are porous, Singapore discourages the emigration of its citizens but prefers its new migrants to maintain cosmopolitan links. This is perhaps anomalous to its cosmopolitan vision. Eurasians of mixed European and Asian ancestry are a small minority ethnic group who have emigrated out of Singapore in large numbers. This work examines how their cosmopolitan politics of belonging have been at odds with the state’s authoritarian tropes of citizenship as ‘push’ factors responsible for this minority ethnic group’s dwindling population.
Examining the intersection of policy and occupational therapy: A scoping review
Authors: Lencucha Raphael , Shikako-Thomas Keiko 
Published: April 2019

Background. Policy has direct bearing on occupational therapy practice and is a key dimension of the environment. To date, there has not been a synthesis of how policy is addressed in the occupational therapy literature. Purpose. The purpose of this review is to identify and analyze the ways that policy is addressed in the occupational therapy literature. Method. We conducted a scoping review of literature on policy and occupational therapy. Articles were analyzed deductively using a policy framework and inductively to identify overarching themes. Findings. Sixty-four papers were included for analysis. We present the descriptive information of the included articles according to policy type, sphere of action, stage of policy development, level, and actors. The qualitative analysis uncovered two broad concepts: “awareness” about the relationship between policy and practice and messages pertaining to “action.” Implications. There are numerous areas for further research into the policy–occupational therapy nexus, as policy has numerous pathways to shape practice. Practitioners will benefit from better understanding these pathways and actively engaging to align policy with the values of the profession.
Recurrent Shoulder Instability: Do Morbidity and Treatment Differ Based on Insurance?
Authors: Williams Ariel A. , Mancini Nickolas S. , Kia Cameron , Wolf Megan R. , Gupta Simran , Cote Mark P. , Arciero Robert A. 
Published: April 2019

Background: Patients with public insurance often face barriers to obtaining prompt orthopaedic care. For patients with recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder instability, delayed care may be associated with increasing bone loss and subsequently more extensive surgical procedures. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether differences exist in patients undergoing treatment for shoulder instability between those with Medicaid versus non-Medicaid insurance. We hypothesized that at the time of surgery, Medicaid patients would have experienced greater delays in care, would have a more extensive history of instability, would have more bone loss, and would require more extensive surgical procedures than other patients. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients were identified who underwent surgical stabilization for traumatic anterior shoulder instability between January 1, 2011, and December 1, 2015, at a single sports medicine practice. Clinic, billing, and operative records were reviewed for each patient to determine age, sex, insurance type, total number of instability episodes, time from first instability episode to surgery, intraoperative findings, and procedure performed. Glenoid bone loss was quantified by use of preoperative imaging studies. Results: During this time period, 206 patients (55 Medicaid, 131 private insurance, 11 Tricare, 9 workers’ compensation) underwent surgical stabilization for traumatic anterior shoulder instability. Average wait time from initial injury to surgery was 1640 days (95% CI, 1155-2125 days) for Medicaid patients compared with 1237 days (95% CI, 834-1639 days) for others ( P = .005). Medicaid patients were more likely to have sustained 5 or more instability events at the time of surgery (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.64-6.69; P = .001), had a higher risk of having 15% or more glenoid bone loss on preoperative imaging (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.3-10.0; P = .01), and had a higher risk of requiring Latarjet or other open stabilization procedures as opposed to an arthroscopic repair (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.5-6.2; P = .002) when compared with other patients. Conclusion: Among patients undergoing surgery for traumatic anterior shoulder instability, patients with Medicaid had significantly more delayed care. Correspondingly, they reported a more extensive history of instability, were more likely to have severe bone loss, and required more invasive stabilization procedures.
Orbital relapse of retinoblastoma in patients with high-risk histopathology features
Authors: Cicinelli Maria Vittoria , Kaliki Swathi 
Published: April 2019

Aim: To describe the clinical picture of orbital relapse of retinoblastoma following uncomplicated enucleation. Methods: Case series of two patients with group E retinoblastoma with high-risk features on histopathology, namely, post-laminar optic nerve extension in one patient, and massive choroidal tumor infiltration in the other. Neither of them received adjuvant chemotherapy post enucleation. Results: Both patients had orbital relapse of tumor within 4 months from enucleation, manifesting as implant migration and unstable conformer. Systemic chemotherapy and external beam radiotherapy to the orbit resulted in complete tumor regression. Both patients were tumor free at the last follow up. Conclusion: Implant migration post enucleation should raise the suspicion for orbital relapse of retinoblastoma. High-risk histopathology features should increase the alert in an otherwise uncomplicated enucleation for retinoblastoma.
Diverse mechanisms and treatment strategies to confront fatigue in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review
Authors: Khadke Sumanth , siddique tehmina 
Published: April 2019

Background:Firm conclusions about the applicability of treatment methods other than pharmacotherapy in treating fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) remain elusive. Our objective is to synthesize and review the epidemiological literature systematically and find an effective therapeutic plan for fatigue. The effect of individual treatment and combined treatment strategies are studied.Methods:An electronic database search included EBSCO, PubMed, SCIENCE DIRECT and Scopus from January 1, 2013, to September 30, 2018. Search terms used are “Fatigue AND Multiple sclerosis AND therapy”. The articles included in the study are open access, published in last five years, not restricted to region and language. The search included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, and systematic reviews.Results:We included 13 systematic reviews, 10 RCTs and 7 observational studies. A Cochrane review on 3206 patients showed exercise therapy to have a positive effect on fatigue in RRMS patients. The EPOC trial showed switching interferon therapy or glatiramer to fingolimod showed improved fatigue levels. The FACETS trial showed incorporating behavioral therapy to ongoing recommended therapy is beneficial. Few observational studies demonstrated that fatigue is influenced by pain, mood problems, and depression.Conclusions:The diverse pathology of fatigue related to MS is important in understanding and quantifying the role of each causal factor. Evidence reveals a positive effect on fatigue levels of RRMS patients with regular CBT and exercise-based combination therapy. Progressive forms of the disease have the worst prognosis. Individually aerobic exercises, behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy have positive effects. A modified amalgamation of the same is a better hope for MS patients.
Agricultural Safety Education: Formative Assessment of a Curriculum Integration Strategy
Authors: Pate Michael L. , Lawver Rebecca G. , Smalley Scott W. , Perry Dustin K. , Stallones Lorann , Shultz Alyx 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to assess an agricultural tractor and machinery safety curriculum for teacher training that focused on hands-on integration activities to assist with training youth in machinery safety skills. Teachers attended a single ten-hour summer training seminar hosted in Montana, South Dakota, or Utah during 2017. Teachers completed the National Tractor and Machinery Safe Operation (NSTMOP) exam to measure their existing knowledge prior to beginning the training. Upon seminar completion, teachers took an NSTMOP post-test to measure their knowledge gain of agricultural safety practices and hazard recognition associated with machinery and tractors. A total of 116 teachers completed the training. Fifty-three participants (45.7%) identified as female, and 63 (54.3%) identified as male. The average participant was 35 years old (SD = 11.3) and had 9.5 years of teaching experience (SD = 9.2). The average NSTMOP pre-test score was 35.2 out of 48 (SD = 3.3), and the average NSTMOP post-test score was 40.3 out of 48 (SD = 4.1). Participants’ scores increased by ten percentage points. A paired-samples t-test was used to determine statistical significance. The difference between pre-test and post-test was significant (t(109) = 11.9, p &lt; 0.001). Open responses indicated continuation of hands-on activities that focused on “how to teach” skills training that is relevant to the students. Teachers suggested developing new activities each year with a rotation of topics for upcoming seminars. Research is needed to determine the training’s influence on the behaviors of young workers in agriculture. Keywords: Education, Machinery, Safety, Tractors, Training.
Using Atmospheric Fallout Radionuclides 137Cs and 210Pbxs to Identify Sources of Suspended Sediment in an Agricultural Watershed
Authors: Lamba Jasmeet , Karthikeyan K. G. , Thompson Anita M. , Malhotra Kritika , Huisman Natalie L. H. , Panuska John , Peaslee Graham 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The use of atmospheric fallout radionuclides as sediment tracers can provide valuable information on sediment transport processes within watersheds. Research was conducted in cropland and mixed land use subwatersheds of the Pleasant Valley watershed (50 km2) in south-central Wisconsin to identify sources of suspended sediment using cesium-137 (137Cs) and excess lead-210 (210Pbxs). In the cropland-dominated subwatershed, contributions to suspended sediment from in-stream and agricultural sources ranged from 36% to 81% and from 19% to 64%, respectively. In the mixed land use subwatershed, contributions to suspended sediment from in-stream and agricultural sources ranged from 68% to 100% and from 0% to 32%, respectively. The relative contribution to suspended sediment from agricultural sources was greater in the cropland subwatershed compared to the mixed land use subwatershed. The phosphorus (P) concentration in suspended sediment and fine sediment deposited on the streambed varied from 601 to 1545 mg kg-1, and cropland areas were the dominant sources of P-enriched sediment in streams. The legacy P and sediment in this watershed can result in a lag time between implementation of best management practices and attainment of desired water quality improvement. Depending on the fingerprinting properties considered (metals vs. fallout radionuclides) and suspended sediment source considerations, the source apportionment results may vary. Keywords: Fallout radionuclides, Legacy sediment, Phosphorus, Sediment fingerprinting, Soil erosion, Streambanks.
More Than IQ: Executive Function Explains Adaptive Behavior Above and Beyond Nonverbal IQ in Youth With Autism and Lower IQ
Authors: Bertollo Jennifer R. , Yerys Benjamin E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Adaptive behavior is a critical metric for measuring outcomes in those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Executive function skills predict adaptive behavior in youth with ASD with average or higher IQ; however, no study has examined this relationship in ASD with lower IQ (IQ ≤ 75). The current study evaluated whether executive function predicted adaptive behavior in school-age youth with ASD with lower IQ, above and beyond nonverbal IQ. We examined adaptive behavior and executive function through informant report on 100 youth with ASD with lower IQ. Executive function skills explained variance in adaptive social and communication domains, beyond nonverbal IQ; monitoring skills played a significant role. This research suggests that malleable skills like executive function may contribute to functional outcomes in this population.
Anti-Hypertensive Medication Use and Factors Related to Adherence Among Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Cyrus Alissa C. , Royer Julie , Carroll Dianna D. , Courtney-Long Elizabeth A. , McDermott Suzanne , Turk Margaret A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAdults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are known to experience significant health disparities; however, few studies have described anti-hypertensive medication adherence in this population. Using administrative data from South Carolina from 2000–2014, we evaluated the odds of adherence to anti-hypertensive medication among a cohort of adults with IDD and hypertension. Approximately half (49.5%) of the study cohort were adherent to anti-hypertensive medication. Those who lived in a supervised residence, had a Medicaid waiver, and had more frequent contact with a primary care provider were more likely to be adherent. Organizations that serve people with IDD have an opportunity to increase adherence by educating these individuals, their family members, and caregivers about the importance of adherence to anti-hypertensive medication.
A Multiscale Fusion Approach for Change Detection in SAR Images
Authors: Vijayageetha R. , Kalaivani S. 
Published: April 2019

Best performance and greatness in precise changes are vital factors of change detection. The proposed method is mutual task to deal about preprocessing and change detection of multitemporal SAR images. In preprocessing stage, Speckle Reducing Anisotropic Diffusion is implemented in each layer of multiscale pyramid transform. The speckle free images are interpreted by Absolute difference method and XOR operator to retrieve primary difference image. After that desired change detection is fused by laplacian pyramid coefficient. Fused difference image incorporates the advantages of absolute difference and XOR operation. Finally robotic threshold algorithm of Otsu is used to predict exact change detection. For experimental purposes two data sets are preferred from Envisat and TerraSAR-X images. Standard quality has been evaluated on the proposed method to quantitatively prove the performance.Â Â
Smart Manufacturing through TOC based Efficiency Monitoring System (TBEMS)
Authors: V Balaji , Venkumar P. , MS Sabitha 
Published: April 2019

The very purpose of business is to devise profitability and enhance it in all possible avenues sustainable. In a manufacturing environment, thus, there had been a number of techniques and concepts adapted to improvise the effectiveness thereby profits continuously. Theory of Constraints (TOC) adopts a unique con-cept exploiting the constraint to deliver the customer needs. TOC is built on the premise that the weakest link determines the strength of the whole chain. With the advent of Industry 4.0, the manufacturing systems could be exploited to the next best level, leveraging the interaction of cyber physical systems and human beings over the internet. This paper deals with a novel idea of implementing TOC concept blended with Internet of Things (IoT), thereby, the speed of implementation could be augmented for early results. Evidently, the smartness of Things isÂ Â Â derived based on the possibility of informed and proactive decisions.Â Hence all the productivity improvement techniques and concepts could be complemented with such concurrent information and analytics, thereby the learning and decisions are much smarter and proactive. A real time industrial environment has been chosen to experiment this approach and the results are furnished paving way for future research and improvisation globally on the industrial environment and on many other competing productivity conceptsÂ Â
Bipolar Fuzzy Soft Hyperideals and Homomorphism of Gamma-Hypersemigroups
Authors: Arulmozhi K. , Chinnadurai V. , Seenivasan M. 
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we introduce the concept of bipolar fuzzy soft gamma hyperideals in gamma hyper semigroups. We define bipolar fuzzy soft hyper ideals, bi-ideals and interior ideals of gamma hyper semigroups and discuss some properties.Â Â
An Effective Compact Representation Model for Big Sparse Matrix Multiplication
Authors: Somasekhar G. , Karthikeyan K. 
Published: April 2019

The importance of big data is increasing day by day motivating the researchers towards new inventions. Often, a small amount of data is needed to achieve a solution or to draw a conclusion. The new big data techniques stem from the necessity to retrieve, store and process the required data out of huge data volumes. The present paper focuses on dealing with sparse matrices which is fre-quently needed in many sparse big data applications nowadays. It applies compact representation techniques of sparse data and moulds the required data in the mapreducible format. Then the mapreduce strategy is used to get the results quickly which saves execution time and improves scalability. Finally we established that the new algorithm performs well in sparse big data scenario compared to the existing techniques in big data processing.Â Â
Artificial Neural Network Algorithms based Nonlinear Data Analysis for Forecasting in the Finance Sector
Authors: Kumar Jaiswal Jitendra , Das Raja 
Published: April 2019

The involvement of big populace in the quantitative trading has been increased remarkably since the wired and wireless systems have become quite ubiquitous in the fields of finance and economics. Statistical, mathematical and technical analysis in parallel with machine learning and artificial intelligence are frequently being applied to perceive prices moving pattern and forecasting. However stock price do not follow any deterministic regulatory function, factor or circumstances rather than many considerations such as economy and finance, political environments, demand and supply, buying and selling tendency, trading and investment, etc. Historical data assist remarkably for prices forecasting as an important option for mathematicians and researchers. In this paper, we have followed backpropagation and radial basis function neural network for predicting future prices by modifying these techniques as per requirements. We have also performed a comparative analysis of the two ANN techniques for existing and our modified models.Â Â
A Weighted path based Link Prediction in Social Networks using Bounded Length of Separation between Nodes
Authors: P Srilatha , R Manjula 
Published: April 2019

The problem of link prediction in online social networks like facebook, myspace, Hi5 and in other domains like biological network of molecules, gene network to model disease have became very popular because of the structural connections and relationshipsÂ among the entities. The classical methods of link prediction based on the topological structure of the graph exploit all different paths of the network which are being computationally expensive for large size of networks. In this paper, incorporatingÂ the small world phenomenon, the proposed algorithm traverses all the paths of bounded length by considering clustering information and the connection pattern of the edges as weights on the edges in the graph. As a result, the proposed algorithm will be able to predict accurately than the existing link prediction algorithms. Our analysis and experiment on real world networks shows that our algorithm outperforms other approaches in terms of time complexity and the prediction accuracy.Â Â