bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of healthcare professionals in the management of chronic gastrointestinal diseases with a focus on primary care: A systematic review
Authors: Prasad Sharmila S , Potter Michael , Keely Simon , Talley Nicholas J , Walker Marjorie M , Kairuz Therése 
Published: August 2019

Background and aimInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a group of complex and chronic conditions that requires long‐term care delivered by a group of healthcare professionals through a multidisciplinary care model. We conducted a systematic review to examine and understand the role of healthcare professionals in the primary care management of IBD, and identify the gaps in IBD management that could be filled by primary care providers such as general practitioners (GPs) and pharmacists.MethodsThe search strategy retrieved published studies from five databases, and eligible articles were assessed for quality. A gray literature search of the websites of organizations was also undertaken.ResultsTwenty‐one studies were included, of which 19 were peer‐reviewed research articles and two reports were from organizational bodies. Although studies have shown the roles of GPs, pharmacists, dietitians, and psychologists in IBD management, nurses and gastroenterologists were the key drivers delivering specialized care to IBD patients. Many key services are accessible only for hospital inpatients (tertiary care) or through outpatient clinics (secondary care) with an absence of a multidisciplinary approach including GPs and pharmacists.ConclusionGastroenterologists and nurses have an important role in the delivery of care to patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases including IBD, coeliac disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and functional dyspepsia. The role of nurses includes provision of specialized care to IBD patients, as well as supportive care such as education, monitoring of therapy, and ongoing assistance. The available evidence shows many opportunities for primary care providers to play a more active role in the management of IBD patients.
A bit about me: Bedside boards to create a culture of patient‐centered care in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs)
Authors: Spazzapan Martina , Vijayakumar Byrave , Stewart Claire E. 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionThis project assessed whether the introduction of personalized bedside boards containing nonmedical information about patients in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) help provide health care professionals (HCPs) better insight about each child's personal qualities and preferences and thereby help improve patient‐centered care and patient safety.MethodsStaff and parents of children in a PICU unit completed a questionnaire assessing how well HCPs knew their patients and their design preferences for the board. The questionnaire was completed before and after board introduction, and patient involvement was central to the design of the board.ResultsThere was an improvement in all parameters assessed. Significant improvements include the perception of PICU as a welcoming environment, nurses’ understanding about what comforts their patients, and doctors’ ability to recognize their patients outside the hospital. Doctors and nurses felt they knew their patients better. Parents’ views regarding whether HCPs know what comforts their child and would recognize them outside the hospital also improved. Feedback about board aesthetics and usefulness was positive.ConclusionPersonalized bedside boards significantly improved how well HCPs knew their patients across various elements. Patient‐centered care and, in turn, patient safety in PICUs can be promoted by using personalized bedside boards containing nonmedical information to help HCPs understand their patients’ individual needs and tailor their treatment.
Free urinary glycosylated hydroxylysine as an indicator of altered collagen degradation in the mucopolysaccharidoses
Authors: Patel Nina , Mills Philippa , Davison James , Cleary Maureen , Gissen Paul , Banushi Blerida , Doykov Ivan , Dorman Megan , Mills Kevin , Heywood Wendy E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) disruption is known to be an early pathological feature of the Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS). Collagen is the main component of the ECM and its metabolism could act as a useful indicator of ECM disruption. We have measured the specific collagen breakdown products; urinary free hydroxylated (Lys‐OH) and glycosylated hydroxylysines (Lys‐O‐Gal and Lys‐O‐GalGlc) in MPS patients using a tandem liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. A pilot study cohort analysis indicated that concentrations of lysine and Lys‐OH were raised significantly in MPS I (Hurler) disease patients. Lys‐O‐GalGlc was raised in MPS II and MPS VI patients and demonstrated a significant difference between MPS I Hurler and an MPS I Hurler‐Scheie group. Further analysis determined an age association for glycosylated hydroxylysine in control samples similar to that observed for the glycosaminoglycans. Using defined age ranges and treatment naïve patient samples we confirmed an increase in glycosylated hydroxylysines in MPS I and in adult MPS IVA. We also looked at the ratio of Lys‐O‐Gal to Lys‐O‐GalGlc, an indicator of the source of collagen degradation, and noticed a significant change in the ratio for all pediatric MPS I, II, and IV patients, and a small significant increase in adult MPS IV. This indicated that the collagen degradation products were coming from a source other than bone such as cartilage or connective tissue. To see how specific the changes in glycosylated hydroxylysine were to MPS patients we also looked at levels in patients with other inherited metabolic disorders. MPS patients showed a trend towards increased glycosylated hydroxylysines and an elevated ratio compared to other metabolic disorders that included Battens disease, Fabry disease, Pyridoxine‐dependent epilepsy (due to mutations in ALDH7A1), and Niemann Pick C disease.
Microcavity enhancement of low‐frequency Raman scattering from a CsPbI3 thin film
Authors: Uliel Tal Ben , Gouda Laxman , Aviv Hagit , Itzhak Anat , Tischler Yaakov R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLow‐frequency Raman (LFR) spectroscopy is a powerful, nondestructive method used for chemical and structural characterization of materials. Typically, the signal intensity of LFR is relatively low, resulting significantly longer signal acquisition duration. Here, we show a photonic structure based on a planar optical microcavity consists of two distributed Bragg reflectors that is capable of enhancing the LFR signal of the material placed in between the mirrors. CsPbI3 forms smooth and uniform thin films and has distinct LFR signatures; thus, we chose to use it for investigating the microcavity enhancement capabilities. By compromising the quality factor of the cavity, we achieved a broader transmission peak and essentially earned enhancement from the double‐resonance effect. Measurements on a CsPbI3 thin film inside a cavity compared with a bare film spin coated on glass demonstrated two orders of magnitude enhancement. In addition, we fabricated the microcavity with a gradient in the resonance wavelength, in order to study the tuning effect on spectral features and on the enhancement factor. Our results show that microcavity is a promising device for enhancing LFR scattering signal and for sensitive characterization of nanomaterials.
Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter in Liver Transplantation: An Important Predictor of Early and Late Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Rachwan Rayan Jo , Kutkut Issa , Hathaway Taylor J. , Timsina Lava R. , Kubal Chandrashekhar A. , Lacerda Marco A. , Ghabril Marwan S. , Bourdillon Patrick D. , Mangus Richard S. 
Published: August 2019

Postoperative atrial fibrillation/flutter (POAF) is the most common perioperative arrhythmia and may be particularly problematic after liver transplantation (LT). This study is a single‐center retrospective analysis of POAF to determine its incidence following LT, to identify risk factors, to assess its impact on clinical outcomes, and to summarize management strategies. The records of all patients who underwent LT between 2010 and 2018 were reviewed. Extracted data included pre‐LT demographics and cardiac evaluation, in‐hospital post‐LT cardiac events, early and late complications, and survival. Among 1011 patients, the incidence of post‐LT POAF was 10%. Using binary logistic regression, pre‐LT history of atrial fibrillation was the strongest predictor of POAF (odds ratio [OR], 6.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.00‐22.57; P < 0.001), followed by history of coronary artery disease (CAD; OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.10‐5.81; P = 0.03). Cardiac stress testing abnormality and CAD on cardiac catheterization were also associated with higher risk. Median time to POAF onset after LT was 3 days with 72% of cases resolving within 48 hours. POAF patients had greater hospital length of stay, death during the LT admission, and 90‐day and 1‐year mortality. POAF was an independent risk factor for post‐LT mortality (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3‐3.0; P < 0.01). Amiodarone was administered to 73% of POAF patients with no evidence of increased serum alanine aminotransferase levels. POAF occurred in 10% of post‐LT patients with early onset and rapid resolution in most affected patients. POAF patients, however, had significant morbidity and mortality, suggesting that POAF is an important marker for worse early and late post‐LT outcomes.
Novel peptides screened by phage display peptide library can mimic epitopes of the FnBPA‐A protein and induce protective immunity against Staphylococcus aureus in mice
Authors: Li Jin‐Nian , Wang Hong , Han Yu‐Xi , Zhao Yu‐Ting , Zhou Huan‐Huan , Xu Jun , Li Lin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFibronectin‐binding protein A (FnBPA) is a key adhesin of Staphylococcus aureus, and the protein binding to fibrinogen and elastin is mediated by its N‐terminal A domain. Thus, FnBPA‐A has been considered a potential vaccine candidate, but the relevant epitopes are not fully understood. Here, purified rabbit anti‐FnBPA‐A antibodies were produced and used to screen for peptides corresponding to or mimicking the epitope of native FnBPA‐A protein by using a phage random 12‐mer peptide library. After four rounds of panning, 25 randomly selected phage clones were detected by phage‐ELISA and competition‐inhibition ELISA. Then, eight anti‐rFnBPA‐A antibody‐binding phage clones were selected for sequencing, and six different 12‐mer peptides were displayed by these phages. Although these displayed peptides shared no more than three consecutive amino acid residues identical to the sequence of FnBPA‐A, they could be recognized by the FnBPA‐A‐specific antibodies in vitro and could induce specific antibodies against FnBPA‐A in vivo, suggesting that these displayed peptides were mimotopes of FnBPA‐A. Finally, the protective efficiencies of these mimotopes were investigated by mouse vaccination and challenge experiments. Compared with that of control group mice, the relative percent survival of mice immunized with phage clones displaying a mimotope was 13.33% (C2 or C15), 0% (C8), 6.67% (C10), 26.67% (C19 or 1:2 mixture of C23 and C19), 53.33% (C23), 33.33% (1:1 mixture of C23 and C19), and 66.67% (2:1 mixture of C23 and C19). Overall, five peptides mimicking FnBPA‐A protein epitopes were obtained, and a partially protective immunity against S. aureus infection could be stimulated by these mimotope peptides in mice.
The role of AGG interruptions in the FMR1 gene stability: A survey in ethnic groups with low and high rate of consanguinity
Authors: Manor Esther , Gonen Raphael , Sarussi Benjamin , Keidar‐Friedman Danielle , Kumar Jay , Tang Hiu‐Tung , Tassone Flora 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence and the role of AGG interruptions within the FMR1 gene in the normal population is unknown. In this study, we investigated the frequent of AGG loss, in one or two alleles within the normal population. The role of AGG in the FMR1 stability has been assessed by correlating AGG loss to the prevalence of premutation/full mutation in two ethnic groups differing in their consanguinity rate: high versus low consanguinity rate (HCR vs. LCR).MethodsThe CGG repeat allele size and AGG presence were measured in 6,865 and 6,204 females belonging to the LCR (5%) and HCR (>45%) groups, respectively, by Tripled‐Primed‐PCR technique.ResultsA lower prevalence of the premutation was observed in the HCR (1:158) as compared to the LCR group (1:128). No full mutation was found in the HCR females while in the LCR group the prevalence found was 1:1,149. Homozygosity rate was higher in the HCR population compared to the LCR group.The overall AGG loss was higher in the HCR population than in the LCR and increased with increased CGG repeat number in both ethnic groups.ConclusionsAlthough we observed a significantly higher rate of homozygosity and AGG loss in the HCR group, this did not affect the prevalence of the premutation and full mutation in this population. Their prevalence was significantly lower than in the LCR population. Finally, we discuss whether the loss of AGG could be also a polymorphic event but not only a stabilizing factor.
Ultrawide bandwidth enhancement by using sleeve‐probe feeding in rectangular microstrip antennas
Authors: Zhang Honglin , Liao Shaowei , Hu Bin‐Jie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article reports the bandwidth expansion from 1.65 to 8.9 GHz obtained with a new feeding structure featuring a sleeve shell and an L‐probe. Theory analysis and parameter study are performed to reveal the bandwidth expansion mechanism. A prototype antenna is designed and tested based on the study. The antenna's measured results prove the sleeve shell broadens the antenna's impedance bandwidth from 42% to 118%. The measured and simulated results also show the enhancements on the antenna's maximum gain and radiation efficiency in the bandwidth because of the sleeve shell. Besides, it keeps the antenna's radiation patterns intact without requiring additional accommodation space because of the new feed's structural configuration. The combination of the sleeve shell and the L‐probe may be applied to other microstrip antennas for wideband applications.
High‐capacitive frequency selective surfaces of folded spiral conductor arrays
Authors: Liu Tian , Kim Sung‐Soo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA high‐capacitive frequency selective surface (FSS) is proposed with the aim of achieving a small array periodicity composed of four folded arms spiral conductors with 90° rotation symmetry. The electromagnetic response of the proposed FSS can be analyzed by an equivalent circuit model where the circuit parameters (L, C) are dependent on the geometries of conductors. A high value of capacitance was predicted arising from the inter‐plane and intra‐plane couplings between the folded spiral conductors distributed over large effective segments with a small gap spacing. However, the value of the total equivalent inductance decreases due to the parallel circuit connection of the shunted inductance of each arm. Parametric analysis on the geometrical effect was also conducted to validate the applied equivalent circuit model.
Comparison of laparoscopic techniques for apical organ prolapse repair – a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Szymczak Paulina , Grzybowska Magdalena Emilia , Wydra Dariusz Grzegorz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsApical defect is a pelvic organ prolapse disorder, with 5%‐15% prevalence. The aim of the study was to investigate methods of laparoscopic repair of apical defect and compare them with other techniques (open, vaginal, and robotic).MethodsA systematic search of the literature was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases using the following key words: apical prolapse and treatment procedures. The search was limited by using the humans filters. Only articles published in English between 2010 and 2018 were considered. Two independent authors reviewed the publications for inclusion on the basis of the following criteria: (a) use of laparoscopic techniques, and (b) apical support loss as indication for surgery.ResultsA total of 1002 papers were initially identified; 24 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Four main laparoscopic procedures were found. The reported anatomical success rate (POP‐Q < II stage) was 77%‐100%, with patient satisfaction for pectopexy, laparoscopic sacropexy (LS), lateral ligament suspension and laparoscopic uterosacral ligament suspension (LUSLS) of 96.4%‐97.6%, 71.0%‐100%, 66.7%‐87.8%, and 95%‐95.5%, respectively. Major complications included hemorrhage, bladder, ureter, and/or bowel injuries were rare. Prolapse recurrences after LUSLS and LS were reported in 13.2% and 10.4% of patients, respectively; with reoperation rate for LS 2.2%‐12.8%.ConclusionsMost studies reported anatomical and subjective outcomes, with follow‐up ranging from 1 month to >7 years. Success rates for laparoscopic and abdominal corrections of apical defect were similar; laparoscopy was superior in terms of perioperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, and recovery.
The effects of microenergy acoustic pulses on animal model of obesity‐associated stress urinary incontinence. Part 2: In situ activation of pelvic floor and urethral striated muscle progenitor cells
Authors: Kang Ning , Peng Dongyi , Wang Bohan , Ruan Yajun , Zhou Jun , Reed‐Maldonado Amanda B. , Banie Lia , Wang Guifang , Xing Nianzeng , Tang Yuxin , Lin Guiting , Lue Tom F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the possibility and mechanism of microenergy acoustic pulses (MAP) for activating tissue resident stem/progenitor cells within pelvic and urethral muscle and possible mechanism.MethodsThe female Zucker Lean and Zucker Fatty rats were randomly divided into four groups: ZL control, ZLMAP, ZF control, and ZFMAP. MAP was applied at 0.033 mJ/mm2, 3 Hz for 500 pulses, and the urethra and pelvic floor muscles of each rat was then harvested for cell isolation and flow cytometry assay. Freshly isolated cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for Pax‐7, Int‐7α, H3P, and EdU expression. Meanwhile, pelvic floor muscle‐derived stem cells (MDSCs) were harvested through magnetic‐activated cell sorting, MAP was then applied to MDSCs to assess the mechanism of stem cell activation.ResultsObesity reduced EdU‐label‐retaining cells and satellite cells in both pelvic floor muscle and urethra, while MAP activated those cells and enhanced cell proliferation, which promoted regeneration of striated muscle cells of the pelvic floor and urethral sphincter. Activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) /Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathways by MAP is the potential mechanism.ConclusionsMAP treatment activated tissue resident stem cells within pelvic floor and urethral muscle in situ via activating FAK‐AMPK and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway.
Goal‐oriented adaptivity based on a model hierarchy of mean‐field and full‐field homogenization methods in linear elasticity
Authors: Mahnken Rolf , Ju Xiaozhe 
Published: August 2019

SummaryHomogenization methods are drawing increasing attention for simulation of heterogeneous materials like composites. For balancing the accuracy and the numerical efficiency of such strategies, we deal with both model and discretization errors of the finite element method (FEM) on a macroscale. Within a framework of goal‐oriented adaptivity, we consider linear elastic heterogeneous materials, for which first‐order homogenization schemes apply. A novel model hierarchy is proposed based on mean‐field and full‐field homogenization methods. For the former, we consider several well‐established schemes like Mori‐Tanaka or self‐consistent as basic models, and for the latter, as superior models, unit cell problems are solved via the FEM under an a priori chosen boundary condition. For a further stage of the model hierarchy, we consider hierarchical unit cells within the frame of the FEM toward an adaptive selection of the unit cell size. By means of several numerical examples, we illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive approach.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Fluorinated Orthoesters from 1,3‐Benzodioxoles
Authors: Röckl Johannes L. , Hauck Adrian V. , Schollmeyer Dieter , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Professor Siegfried Waldvogel. The cover picture displays the robustness achieved by the installation of fluorinated alcohols on 1,3‐benzodioxoles, protecting the obtained orthoesters against acids and bases, like the shield of a knight. The simple protocol allows access to interesting compounds, whose lipophilicity is tremendously increased by the incorporation of fluorinated groups. This makes it possible to adjust the physicochemical properties of the biologically active 1,3‐benzodioxole motif. The surprisingly high stability against acids and bases gives rise to subsequent functionalizations or direct application in medicinal or agrochemistry. Read the full text of their Communication at 10.1002/open.201900127.
Relationship between relocation of phototropin to the chloroplast periphery and the initiation of chloroplast movement in Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Sakata Momoko , Kimura Shun , Fujii Yuta , Sakai Takamasa , Kodama Yutaka 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe blue‐light photoreceptor kinase phototropin (phot) mediates chloroplast movement in response to light and temperature. Phot predominantly localizes at the plasma membrane, but also resides in the cytosol and the chloroplast periphery. Although the phot localized to the chloroplast periphery is thought to mediate chloroplast movement, the localization mechanism is unknown. In this study, we found that chloroplast movement does not occur in 0‐day‐old gemma cells of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha but that the movement is induced in 1‐day‐old gemmaling cells. Along with this physiological change, the subcellular localization of phot also changed: In 0‐day‐old gemma cells, phot localized at the plasma membrane and the cytosol, but in 1‐day‐old gemmaling cells, the phot disappeared from the cytosol and appeared at the chloroplast periphery. When the relocalization was tracked using a photoconvertible fluorescent protein, the cytosolic phot relocated to the plasma membrane, and the plasma membrane‐resident phot relocated to the chloroplast periphery. The blue‐light‐dependent activation of phot kinase activity enhanced this relocalization. Mutated phot deficient in blue‐light reception or kinase activity had a severely reduced ability to localize at the chloroplast periphery. These findings suggest that photoactivated phot localizes at the chloroplast periphery to initiate chloroplast movement.