bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle and cerebral oxygenation during exercise in athletes with exercise‐induced hypoxemia: A comparison between sea level and acute moderate hypoxia
Authors: Raberin Antoine , Meric Henri , Mucci Patrick , Lopez Ayerbe Jorge , Durand Fabienne 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of exercise‐induced hypoxemia (EIH) on muscle and cerebral oxygenation responses during maximal exercise in normoxia and in acute moderate hypoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen: 15.3%, 2400 m). EIH was defined as a drop in hemoglobin saturation of at least 4% for at least three consecutive minutes during maximal exercise at sea level. Twenty‐five athletes performed incremental treadmill tests to assess maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in normoxia and in hypoxia. Oxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle and the left prefrontal cortex of the brain was monitored using near‐infrared spectroscopy. During the normoxic test, 15 athletes exhibited EIH; they displayed a larger change in muscle levels of oxyhemoglobin (ΔO2Hb) (p = 0.04) and a greater change in cerebral levels of deoxyhemoglobin (ΔHHb) (p = 0.02) than athletes without EIH (NEIH group). During the hypoxic test, muscle ΔO2Hb was lower in the EIH group than in the NEIH group (p = 0.03). At VO2max, hypoxia was associated with a smaller cerebral ΔO2Hb in both groups, and a greater cerebral ΔHHb compared to normoxia in the NEIH group only (p = 0.02). No intergroup differences in changes in muscle oxygenation were observed. The severity of O2 arterial desaturation was negatively correlated with changes in total muscle hemoglobin in normoxia (r = −0.48, p = 0.01), and positively correlated with the cerebral ΔHHb in normoxia (r = 0.45, p = 0.02). The occurrence of EIH at sea level was associated with specific muscle and cerebral oxygenation responses to exercise under both normoxia and moderate hypoxia.
The environment of C- and S-shaped radio galaxies
Authors: Liu Yu-Xing , Xu Hai-Guang , Zheng Dong-Chao , Li Wei-Tian , Zhu Zheng-Hao , Ma Zhi-Xian , Lian Xiao-Li 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We study the environment of radio galaxies with different morphological types using the Proctor sample, which was built from the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters (FIRST) survey archive. Among the 15 radio galaxy types classified by Proctor, 199 C-shaped (i.e., wide- or narrow-angle tail) and 203 S-shaped (i.e., S- or Z-shaped) sources are selected in this work, which are located in the redshift range of 0.02 < z < 1, because these two subsamples are relatively larger than the other subsamples in the Proctor sample. By cross-matching these radio galaxies with the optical sources drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) database and counting the SDSS sources with an r-band absolute magnitude brighter than −19 located within a 0.5 Mpc distance around each source (i.e., the richness), we find that the fraction of C-shaped sources with a richness above 10 is larger than that of S-shaped sources. We have also correlated the radio galaxies in our sample with the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) defined in the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), and infer that the C-shaped sources are more likely to be BCGs than the S-shaped sources. These results support the idea that C-shaped radio galaxies often reside in a richer environment than radio galaxies with other morphological types.
Non-locality and quasiclassical reality in Kent’s formulation of relativistic quantum theory
Authors: Butterfield J , Marsh B 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We report Adrian Kent’s proposed framework for a realist, one-world, Lorentz-invariant formulation of quantum theory. The idea is to postulate a final boundary condition: in effect, a late-time distribution of mass-energy recording how photons scattered off macroscopic objects. Nature selects this final boundary condition with the orthodox late-time Born probability; and this defines the probability space of events, to give a realist quantum theory. We emphasize two topics. First, we consider this formulation’s verdicts about traditional locality conditions, such as Outcome Independence and Parameter Independence. Second, we discuss a possible amendment to Kent’s proposal that, roughly speaking, allows for the emergence of a quasiclassical history even when mass-energy is shielded or delayed from appearing in the final boundary condition.
A new rule for quantization that resolves all problems
Authors: Klauder John R 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
While canonical quantization solves many problems there are some problems where it fails. A close examination of the classical/quantum connection leads to a new connection that permits quantum and classical realms to coexist, as is the case in the real world. For those problems for which conventional quantization works well, the new procedures yield identical results. However, we offer an example that fails when quantized conventionally but succeeds when quantized with the new procedures.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for macrorealism using two- and three-time Leggett-Garg inequalities
Authors: Halliwell J J 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Leggett-Garg (LG) inequalities were introduced, as a temporal parallel of the Bell inequalities, to test macroscopic realism – the view that a macroscopic system evolving in time possesses definite properties which can be determined without disturbing the future or past state. The original LG inequalities are only a necessary condition for macrorealism, and are therefore not a decisive test. We argue, for the case of measurements of a single dichotomic variable Q, that when the original four three-time LG inequalities are augmented with a set of twelve two-time inequalities also of the LG form, Fine’s theorem applies and these augmented conditions are then both necessary and sufficient. A comparison is carried out with the alternative necessary and sufficient conditions for macrorealism based on no-signaling in time conditions which ensure that all probabilities for Q at one and two times are independent of whether earlier or intermediate measurements are made. We argue that the two tests differ in their implementation of the key requirement of non-invasive measurability so are testing different notions of macrorealism, and these notions are elucidated.
Combinatorial Quantum Gravity: Emergence of Geometric Space from Random Graphs
Authors: Kelly C , Trugenberger C A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We review and extend the recently proposed model of combinatorial quantum gravity. Contrary to previous discrete approaches, this model is defined on (regular) random graphs and is driven by a purely combinatorial version of Ricci curvature, the Ollivier curvature, defined on generic metric spaces equipped with a Markov chain. It dispenses thus of notions such as simplicial complexes and Regge calculus and is ideally suited to extend quantum gravity to combinatorial structures which have a priori nothing to do with geometry. Indeed, our results show that geometry and general relativity emerge from random structures in a second-order phase transition due to the condensation of cycles on random graphs, a critical point that defines quantum gravity non-perturbatively according to asymptotic safety. In combinatorial quantum gravity the entropy area law emerges naturally as a consequence of infinite-dimensional critical behaviour on networks rather than on lattices. We propose thus that the entropy area law is a signature of the random graph nature of space-(time) on the smallest scales.
On the hurricane collective molecular dynamics
Authors: Meyer Gabriel , Vitiello Giuseppe 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We study the molecular dynamics underlying the formation and the evolution of hurricanes. The giant global structure of hurricanes cannot be solely the results of random molecular kinematics. We show that the non-stationary, topologically non-trivial hurricane behavior is the manifestation of the collective dynamics at the molecular level. This is described in terms of spontaneous breakdown of the rotational symmetry of the water molecule electrical dipoles. The long range molecular correlations generated as a consequence of the spontaneous breakdown of symmetry are responsible of the large scale collective motion resulting in the hurricane structure. The critical non-stationary dynamics is analyzed in terms of the non-stationary time dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation leading to the vortex equation. Phase transition, criticality, temperature dependence, energy exchanges and entropy are studied. Energy storage and dissipation processes in the coherent state dynamics are analyzed. Finally the self-similar fractal structure of the hurricane is shown to be the manifestation of the coherence of the collective molecular dynamics.
Violation of the Bell’s type inequalities as a local expression of incompatibility
Authors: Khrennikov Andrei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
By filtering out the philosophic component we can be said that the EPR-paper was directed against the straightforward interpretation of the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle or more generally the Bohr’s complementarity principle. The latter expresses contextuality of quantum measurements: dependence of measurement’s output on the complete experimental arrangement. However, Bell restructured the EPR-argument against complementarity to justify nonlocal theories with hidden variables of the Bohmian mechanics’ type. Then this Bell’s kind of nonlocality - subquantum nonlocality - was lifted to the level of quantum theory - up to the terminology “quantum nonlocality”. The aim of this short note is to explain that Bell’s test is simply a special test of local incompatibility of quantum observables, similar to interference experiments, e.g., the two-slit experiment.
Reinforcement Learning Based Control of Coherent Transport by Adiabatic Passage of Spin Qubits
Authors: Porotti Riccardo , Tamascelli Dario , Restelli Marcello , Prati Enrico 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Several tasks involving the determination of the time evolution of a system of solid state qubits require stochastic methods in order to identify the best sequence of gates and the time of interaction among the qubits. The major success of deep learning in several scientific disciplines has suggested its application to quantum information as well. Thanks to its capability to identify best strategy in those problems involving a competition between the short term and the long term rewards, reinforcement learning (RL) method has been successfully applied, for instance, to discover sequences of quantum gate operations minimizing the information loss. In order to extend the application of RL to the transfer of quantum information, we focus on Coherent Transport by Adiabatic Passage (CTAP) on a chain of three semiconductor quantum dots (QD). This task is usually performed by the so called counter-intuitive sequence of gate pulses. Such sequence is capable of coherently transfer an electronic population from the first to the last site of an odd chain of QDs, by leaving the central QD unpopulated. We apply a technique to find nearly optimal gate pulse sequence without explicitly give any prior knowledge of the underlying physical system to the RL agent. Using the advantage actor-critic algorithm, with a small neural net as function approximator, we trained a RL agent to choose the best action at every time step of the physical evolution to achieve the same results previously found only by ansatz solutions.
Consciousness as the collective excitation of a brainwide web – understanding consciousness from below quantum fields to above neuronal networks
Authors: Lidström Suzy , Allen Roland E 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the spirit of previous ideas in the neuroscience community, but with a more physics-oriented perspective, we propose that consciousness can be described as the collective excitation of a brainwide web of neurones. This picture is inspired by the fact that, in all major areas of physics, a collective excitation has just as much physical reality as a particle or other localized object. The brainwide web extends into those regions (neuronal networks) where processed information is received from the senses, memories, etc. (emerging out of unconscious processes in prior networks). It unifies those regions (plus motor control regions) via the vast complexity of the neuronal interactions that it spans. A crude analogy is the worldwide web, which extends into servers which have been prepared by external agents. Other crude analogies are the many collective excitations in physics. True understanding of consciousness must rely mostly on experiment, but since probes of living brains have limited precision, there is an important role for large-scale simulations in revealing details and complementing experiment. Petascale computational facilities should make it possible to perform simulations with realistic complexity.
Some remarks on analytical solutions for a damped quantum parametric oscillator
Authors: Schuch Dieter 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The time-dependent Schrödinger equation for quadratic Hamiltonians has Gaussian wave packets as exact solutions. For the parametric oscillator with frequency ω(t), the width of these wave packets must be time-dependent. This time-dependence can be determined by solving a complex nonlinear Riccati equation or an equivalent real nonlinear Ermakov equation. All quantum dynamical properties of the system can easily be constructed from these solutions, e.g., uncertainties of position and momentum, their correlations, ground state energies, etc. In addition, the link to the corresponding classical dynamics is supplied by linearizing the Riccati equation to a complex Newtonian equation, actually representing two equations of the same kind: one for the real and one for the imaginary part. If the solution of one part is known, the missing (linear independent) solution of the other can be obtained via a conservation law for the motion in the complex plane. Knowing these two solutions, the solution of the Ermakov equation can be determined immediately plus the explicit expressions for all the quantum dynamical properties mentioned above. The effect of a dissipative, linear velocity dependent friction force on these systems is discussed.
Linearized metric solutions in ghost-free nonlocal gravity
Authors: Buoninfante Luca 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this manuscript we review some aspects of linearized metric solutions in ghost-free nonlocal gravity, in which the action is made up of non-polynomial differential operators containing covariant derivatives of infinite order. By working with the simplest model of such a wide class of infinite derivative theories of gravity, we will first compute the spacetime metric generated by a static point-like source and show that all curvature invariants are nonsingular at the origin. Secondly, a similar computation is performed for an electrically charged source and also in this case the regularizing feature of nonlocality plays a crucial role. As a third case, we consider the spacetime metric generated by a Dirac delta distribution on a ring and show that, at least in the linear regime, Kerr-like singularities can be avoided in ghost-free non-local gravity.
Quantum thermodynamic instabilities in compact stars
Authors: Lavagno A , Pigato D , Gervino G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We study the existence of thermodynamic instabilities in the nuclear equation of state relative to the high density regime reached in the central core of compact stars. In the framework of a relativistic mean-field theory, we analyze the asymmetric nuclear properties in beta-equilibrium, including hyperons and Delta-isobar degrees of freedom. We investigate a finite density phase transition characterized by pure hadronic matter with the presence of mechanical instability (relative to the fluctuation of baryon number) and of chemical-diffusive instability (relative to the fluctuation of electric charge concentration). We find that, in the presence of thermodynamic instabilities, two hadronic phases with different values of electric charge content may coexist, with several phenomenological consequences in the physics of compact stars.
Simulation of Quantum Universe
Authors: Kim Sang Pyo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Quantum simulation provides quantum systems under study with analogous controllable quantum systems and has wide applications from condensed-matter physics to high energy physics and to cosmology. The quantum system of a homogeneous and isotropic field in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe can be simulated by a charge in an electrically modulated ion trap. The quantum states of these time-dependent oscillators are constructed by quantum invariants. Further, we propose simulation of quantum Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe with a minimal massive scalar field by a charged scalar field in a homogeneous, time-dependent, magnetic field in quantum electrodynamics and investigate the Cauchy problem of how the wave functions evolve.
Induction of gamma irradiation for microorganism decontamination of dried lotus pollen (Nelumbo nucifera)
Authors: Sajjabut S , pewlong W , Eamsiri J , Chookaew S , Kemtong K , Maikaeo L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Gamma irradiation has been known for its great effect for inactivating microorganisms in various foods and it has been a safe method for food decontamination. In this present study, the dried lotus pollen was conducted to determine the effect of using gamma irradiation on the microbial load and antioxidant properties. The dried pollen lotus samples were irradiated with gamma irradiation at doses of 5 and 10 kGy and the total plate count (TPC) and total yeast and mold (Y&M) were determined. The study revealed that high microbial level of TPC and Y&M were found in non-irradiated. At dose of 5 kGy showed that gamma radiation was able to reduce the microorganism contamination in dried lotus pollen. The result permitted to accomplish the satisfactory microbial content for Thai community product standard of dried herb number 480/2547. In part of the antioxidant property, there was no any significant difference among the non-irradiated and irradiated samples in 60% ethanol extract. Surprisingly, total phenolic content and DPPH were increased by gamma radiation in hot water extract. Therefore gamma irradiation at 5 kGy could be a potential method for microbial decontamination of dried pollen lotus to improve hygienic quality.
Effects of gamma irradiation on antioxidant properties and microbial contamination in Boletus griseipureus Coner
Authors: Chookaew S , Sajjabut S , Pewlong W , Eamsiri J , Orpong P 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of this research is to investigate effect of gamma irradiation on antioxidant properties and microbial contaminants in Boletus griseipureus. Samples were ground into powder and later subject to gamma irradiation at 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 kGy. The non-irradiated and irradiated samples were then analyzed for their antioxidant properties by techniques including 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolic content, beta glucan content and total triterpenoids. In addition, the microbial contamination was also evaluated. In terms of antioxidant properties, results showed that gamma irradiation did not result in significant effects on FRAP, total phenolic content, beta glucan content, and total triterpenoids. However, at 10 kGy of gamma irradiation, DPPH radical scavenging activity notably increased (p≤0.05). In term of microbial contamination, irradiation dose of 5 kGy reduced the microorganism to meet standard level and irradiation dose of 10 kGy was found to decrease microorganism to complete absence. Therefore, this research suggested that a minimum irradiation dose of 5 kGy can serve as a useful treatment for preserve its quality and prevent microbial contamination.
Investigation of the protection efficacy of Thai medicinal plants on irradiation-induced plasmid DNA damage
Authors: Orpong P , Boonsirichai K , Eiamsiri J , Kongratarporn T 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Extracts of Thai medicinal plants have been reported to be natural sources of antioxidants which can inhibit free radicals and have potential for radiation protection. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of five medicinal plant extracts, cinnamon, ginger, white kwao krua, black pepper, and moringa compared to gallic acid, which served as a positive control in the protection of plasmid pET-15b DNA after exposure to gamma irradiation. pET-15b plasmid DNA was irradiated by gamma radiation at 100 Gy with various concentrations of medicinal plant extracts and DNA damage was measured by using gel electrophoresis. The results showed that exposure of pET-15b plasmid DNA to 100 Gy of gamma radiation induced DNA strand breakage and plasmid DNA alteration from a supercoiled to open circular form. Extracts of moringa, cinnamon and ginger significantly reduced plasmid DNA damage by gamma radiation. While black pepper and white kwao krua extracts did not show observable radioprotective effects. The presence of moringa, cinnamon and ginger extracts during irradiation can protect pET-15b plasmid against radiation-induced DNA damage.
Radon concentration in residential areas of Bann Pang Fan, Chiang Mai province, Thailand
Authors: Sriburee S , Thumvijit T , Kitima J , Hongsriti P , Tapanya M , Kranrod C , Chanyotha S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study examined the radon concentration in residential areas of Bann Pang Fan, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Measurement was carried out for radon concentration in 59 residences from February to June 2017 using plastic alpha track detectors or CR-39 placed in wooden and cement bedrooms and living rooms. It was found that the radon concentration was 26-322 Bq·m−3, with an average at 53.94±29.43 Bq·m−3. In the bedroom, the concentration was 28-143 Bq·m−3, while in the living room it was 26-322 Bq·m−3. When calculating the annual effective dose of the residences, it was found to be at 0.21-1.71 mSv/year. The annual effective dose of 52.54% for the residences was higher than 1 mSv/year, as recommended by UNSCEAR.