bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching Medical Students About Health Systems Science and Osteopathic Principles and Practice Using a Virtual World: The Envision Community Health Center
Authors: McCoy Lise , Lewis Joy H. , Bennett Thomas , Fernandez Monica , Heath Deborah M. , Schwartz Frederic N. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Medical education technology initiatives can be used to prepare osteopathic medical students for modern primary care practice and to provide students with training to serve vulnerable populations. Over academic years 2014 through 2017, the authors designed and implemented 26 case studies using patient simulations through a virtual community health center (CHC). First-year students, who were preparing for clinical training in CHCs, and second-year students, who were training in CHCs, completed the simulation case studies, gaining practice in clinical reasoning, Health Systems Science, and applied osteopathic principles and practice. This article explains the project, illustrates an alignment with Health Systems Science and osteopathic competencies, and highlights findings from previous research studies.
Accuracy of TomoEDGE dynamic jaw field widths
Authors: Urso Patrizia , Corradini Nathan A. , Vite Cristina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDynamic jaw delivery on the TomoTherapy H‐series platform, entitled TomoEDGE™, is an effective tool to decrease the patient dose along the superior and inferior edges of the treatment target. The aperture of the TomoTherapy jaws, that is, field width (FW), defines the longitudinal dose profile. A consistent FW dose profile is an important quantity for accurate and reproducible dose delivery in TomoTherapy. To date, no evaluation has been made of the accuracy and precision of the dose profiles produced by dynamic jaws. This study aims to provide a long‐term evaluation of the dynamic jaw FW dose profiles obtained on TomoTherapy utilizing the TomoTherapy Quality Assurance procedure (TQA). A total of 840 dose profiles were measured during 84 TQA procedures, performed over a 2‐yr period. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) and constancy of the FW dose profile measurements were analyzed and compared with the tolerances proposed by AAPM Task Group 148 (TG‐148) and those used by the manufacturer. The FWHM evaluation showed that the FWs > 2.0 cm respect the TG‐148 tolerance of 1%, while the asymmetric FWs ≤ 2.0 cm were outside the limit in 17.3% of measurements. Constancy results evaluated along the full profiles showed that 95.2% of measurements were within 3% of the baseline for symmetric FWs and 94.8% of measurements were within 4% of the baseline for asymmetric FWs. In conclusion, the analysis confirms the accuracy and precision of TomoEDGE™ technology in jaw positioning. This study has identified the potential to establish an appropriate QA tolerance for the asymmetric FWs used in dynamic jaw movement. Finally, the clinical significance of the observed discrepancies should be studied further to understand the dosimetric effect on patient treatments.
Layer‐by‐Layer Construction of Cu2+/Alginate Multilayer Modified Ultrafiltration Membrane with Bioinspired Superwetting Property for High‐Efficient Crude‐Oil‐in‐Water Emulsion Separation
Authors: Gao Shoujian , Zhu Yuzhang , Wang Jinliang , Zhang Feng , Li Jingye , Jin Jian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDue to highly adhesive property, crude oil is easier to adhere on foul filtration membranes. Separation of crude oil‐in‐water emulsion is a continuing tough work. Hydrogels with low‐adhesive superoleophobicity are ideal materials for modifying filtration membranes to achieve efficient and antifouling separation of crude oil‐in‐water emulsion. A key challenge in fabricating the hydrogel modified filtration membranes is to design an ultrathin hydrogel layer with sufficient anti‐crude‐oil‐fouling ability and with controllable thickness, thus not blocking the micro‐ and nanosized membrane pores. Inspired by the novel harsh‐environment‐tolerant superoleophobicity of alginate‐rich seaweed, the construction of an ultrathin Cu2+/alginate hydrogel multilayer with controllable thickness at the nanometer scale on a polymer filtration membrane via a layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly method is achieved. Both the nanosized pores and the high flux of original membrane are well‐maintained. The Cu2+/alginate multilayer modified ultrafiltration membrane behaves a biomimetic superhydrophilicity, underwater superoleophobicity, and antifouling ability for crude oil. It is capable of efficiently separating crude oil‐in‐water emulsion with a high water flux of 1230 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, an ultrahigh efficiency of 99.8%, and an outstanding antifouling and cyclic ability. What's more, the membrane exhibits good salt‐tolerance, antibacterial ability, and long‐term stability.
Laser‐Assisted Chemical Modification of Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Afaneh Tariq , Sahoo Prasana K. , Nobrega Igor A. P. , Xin Yan , Gutiérrez Humberto R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLaser‐assisted chemical modification is demonstrated on ultrathin transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), locally replacing selenium by sulfur atoms. The photoconversion process takes place in a controlled reactive gas environment and the heterogeneous reaction rates are monitored via in situ real‐time Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The spatially localized photoconversion results in a heterogeneous TMD structure, with chemically distinct domains, where the initial high crystalline quality of the film is not affected during the process. This has been further confirmed via transmission electron microscopy as well as Raman and photoluminescence spatial maps. This study demonstrates the potential of laser‐assisted chemical conversion for on‐demand synthesis of heterogeneous 2D materials with applications in nanodevices.
Light–Matter Interaction within Extreme Dimensions: From Nanomanufacturing to Applications
Authors: Xu Yun , Ji Dengxin , Song Haomin , Zhang Nan , Hu Yaowu , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Di Fabrizio Enzo M. , Xiao Shumin , Gan Qiaoqiang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLight–matter interaction is a key branch of photonics/optical material science. As the research emphasis in recent years has shifted from microscale toward nanoscale, light–matter interaction within extreme dimensions raises new challenges as well as opportunities. However, because of the classic diffraction limit of conventional optics, coupling and confinement of light into deep‐subwavelength volume is usually very challenging, resulting in difficulties in exploring the light–matter interaction within ultrathin and ultrasmall dimensions. Based on recent advances in theoretical modeling, nanomanufacturing and experimental validation efforts, unique features have been recognized. Here, recent key progresses of light–matter interaction within extreme dimensions are summarized and future directions based on new combinations of materials, structures, nanomanufacturing, and applications are discussed, ranging from quantum plasmonics, nonlinear optics, to optical biosensing.
Comparable outcomes of haploidentical, 10/10 and 9/10 unrelated donor transplantation in adverse karyotype AML in first complete remission
Authors: Lorentino Francesca , Labopin Myriam , Bernardi Massimo , Ciceri Fabio , Socié Gerard , Cornelissen Jan J. , Esteve Jordi , Ruggeri Annalisa , Volin Liisa , Yacoub‐Agha Ibrahim , Craddock Charles , Passweg Jacob , Blaise Didier , Gedde‐Dahl Tobias , Poiani Monica , Fegueux Nathalie , Mohty Mohamad , Nagler Arnon ,   On Behalf of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Published: July 2018

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the most powerful therapy preventing relapse in patients with adverse cytogenetics acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1). In the absence of a matched related donor, potential alternatives include 10/10, 9/10 HLA‐matched unrelated (UD) or haploidentical (Haplo) donors. We analyzed clinical outcomes of patients undergoing T‐cell repleted Haplo (n= 74), 10/10 UD (n= 433) and 9/10 UD HSCT (n= 123) from 2007 to 2015, reported to the EBMT Registry. Adverse risk AML was defined according to the 2017 ELN cytogenetic risk classification. The 2‐year nonrelapse mortality was 19% for Haplo, 18% for 10/10 UD and 18% for 9/10 UD (P= .9). The relapse incidence was not significantly affected by donor source, with a 2‐year incidence of 27% for Haplo HSCT, 39% for 10/10 UD and 37% for 9/10 UD SCT (P= .3). We show comparable probabilities of leukemia‐free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) at 2 years among Haplo HSCT, 10/10 UD SCT and 9/10 UD SCT (53% and 59%, 43% and 50%, 44% and 50%, respectively,P= .5 for both parameters). The type of donor was not significantly associated with either acute or chronic graft‐vs.‐host disease incidence. Using multivariable Cox model, Haplo HSCT recipients experienced comparable OS and LFS to 10/10 and 9/10 UD. In the present series of adverse cytogenetics AML patients in CR1, Haplo HSCT recipients had comparable outcomes to those of 10/10 and 9/10 UDs, suggesting that all these types of HSCT may be considered a valid option in this high risk population.
Synthesis of the Bicyclic Lactone Core of Leonuketal, Enabled by a Telescoped Diels–Alder Reaction Sequence
Authors: Grant Phillip S. , Brimble Margaret A. , Furkert Daniel P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction has become established as a fundamental approach for the preparation of complex natural products; however, successful application of the intermolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction to the synthesis of particularly congested scaffolds remains surprisingly problematic. Inspired by the terpenoid spiroketal natural product leonuketal, a challenging telescoped reaction sequence has been realized to access the core [2.2.2]‐bicyclic lactone ring system and its [3.2.1] isomer. Our four‐step, protecting‐group‐free process required detailed investigation to circumvent the problems of adduct fragmentation and intermediate instability. Successful solution of these practical issues, along with unambiguous structural determination of the target structures, provide useful insights that will facilitate future applications of the Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction to challenging, highly congested molecular scaffolds and ongoing synthetic efforts towards this natural product.
Unprecedented Selenium and Lanthanide Simultaneously Bridging Selenotungstate Aggregates Stabilized by Four Tetra‐vacant Dawson‐like {Se2W14} Units
Authors: Li Hai‐Lou , Liu Ya‐Jie , Li Ya‐Min , Chen Li‐Juan , Zhao Jun‐Wei , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the presence of the larger [H2N(CH3)2]+ and K+ counter cations as structure‐stabilizing agents, a class of unprecedented selenium and lanthanide (Ln) simultaneously bridging tetra‐vacant Dawson‐like selenotungstate aggregates [H2N(CH3)2]2Na9K2H19{[Ln4W4 Se4O22(H2O)5](Se2W14O52)2}2⋅60 H2O [Ln=TbIII (1), DyIII (2), HoIII (3), ErIII (4), TmIII (5), YbIII (6)] have been obtained by the one‐pot assembly reaction of Na2WO4⋅2 H2O, Ln(NO3)3⋅6 H2O, and Na2SeO3 under moderately acidic aqueous conditions and the complexes were structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. It should be noted that the appropriate molar ratio of Se/W is extremely important in the formation of 1–6 and can effectively ameliorate the yield of 1–6. Moreover, dimethylamine hydrochloride is also indispensable and plays a considerably important role in improving the solubility of Ln ions and stabilizing the structures of 1–6. The main polyoxoanion skeletons of 1–6 are constructed from two sandwich‐type tetra‐vacant Dawson‐like {[Ln4W4Se4O22(H2O)5](Se2W14O52)2}16− half‐units linked through two W‐O‐Ln bridges. The sandwich‐type half‐unit comprises two tetra‐vacant Dawson‐like [Se2W14O52]12− fragments encapsulating a unique dodecanuclear Se‐Ln‐W [Ln4W4Se4O22(H2O)5]8+ oxo cluster. Their solid‐state visible and NIR fluorescent properties and lifetime decay behaviors were measured and their solid‐state luminescent spectra mainly demonstrate the characteristic emission bands of Ln3+ ions. Moreover, the dominant wavelengths, the color purity, and correlated color temperatures of 1–5 have been also calculated. In addition, the luminous flux values of 1–5 are 2031, 6992, 3071, 921, and 477 lumen, respectively.
A multilevel latent Markov model for the evaluation of nursing homes' performance
Authors: Montanari Giorgio E. , Doretti Marco , Bartolucci Francesco 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe periodic evaluation of health care services is a primary concern for many institutions. We consider services provided by nursing homes with the aim of ranking a set of these structures with respect to their effect on resident health status. Since the overall health status is not directly observable, and given the longitudinal and multilevel structure of the available data, we rely on latent variable models and, in particular, on a multilevel latent Markov model where residents and nursing homes are the first and the second level units, respectively. The model includes individual covariates to account for resident characteristics. The impact of nursing home membership is modelled through a pair of random effects affecting the initial distribution and the transition probabilities between different levels of health status. Through the prediction of these random effects we obtain a ranking of the nursing homes. Furthermore, the proposed model accounts for nonignorable dropout due to resident death, which typically occurs in these contexts. The motivating dataset is gathered from the Long Term Care Facilities programme, a health care protocol implemented in Umbria (Italy). Our results show that differences in performance between nursing homes are statistically significant.
Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Temperature programmed reduction—TPR
Authors: Pirola Carlo , Galli Federico , Patience Gregory S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTemperature programmed reduction (TPR) characterizes the oxido‐reduction properties of bulk and supported catalysts. or CO passes over a pre‐conditioned solid sample as a furnace ramps the temperature at a constant rate. A thermal conductivity detector (TCD) or mass spectrometer records the effluent concentration. In the pre‐conditioning step, Ar or He flushes residual air and absorbed water from the solid sample to maximize the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the TCD signal. We calculate the number of active sites based on the detector signal that correlates with how much hydrogen reacts. The temperature at which it begins to react represents the minimum activation temperature. TPR is cheap, fast, easy to run, and the data is straightforward to interpret. The technique is more popular with chemical engineers than with the broader scientific community. Among the 27 articles that Can. J. Chem. Eng. published in 2016 and 2017 that apply TPR to analyze catalysts, 22 mention reactors, 20 report XRD spectra, 18 mention gas chromatography, and another 15 quantify surface area by BET. Synergy with other temperature programmed methods is lower, as only 5 mention temperature programmed desorption, 5 thermal gravimetric analysis, and 3 temperature programmed oxidation.
Compositional Effects and Electron Lone‐pair Distortions in Doped Bournonites
Authors: Khabibullin Artem R. , Wei Kaya , Huan Tran D. , Nolas George S. , Woods Lilia M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBornite materials are naturally occurring systems composed of earth‐abundant constituents. Bournonite, a representative of this class of materials, is of interest for thermoelectric applications due to its inherently low thermal conductivity, which has been attributed to the lattice distortions due to stereochemically active electron lone pair distributions. In this computational and experimental study, we present analyses of the lattice structure, electron and phonon dynamics, and charge localization and transfer properties for undoped and Ni and Zn doped bournonites. The results from our simulations reveal complex relations between bond length and bond angle characteristics, chemical bonding, and charge transfer upon doping. Analysis of the experimental results indicate that a microscopic description for bournonite and its doped compositions is necessary for a complete understanding of these materials, as well as for effective control of the transport properties for targeted applications.
Delivery of Fluorescent Probes Using Streptolysin O for Fluorescence Microscopy of Living Cells
Authors: Teng Kai Wen , Ren Pin , Selvin Paul R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMethods to efficiently deliver fluorophores across the cell membrane are crucial for imaging the dynamics of intracellular proteins using fluorescence. Here we describe a simple protocol for permeabilizing living cells using streptolysin O, a bacterial toxin, which allows transient uptake of fluorescent probes for labeling specific intracellular proteins. The technique is applicable for delivering different classes of fluorescent probes with a molecular weight of <150 kDa, and it is also applicable to a variety of different cell lines. The technique enables the utilization of a broad range of fluorophores for live cell imaging of intracellular proteins. Extended observation of intracellular fluorescence bound to specific proteins is now possible through super‐resolution microscopy by using fluorophores that are photostable in “cell‐friendly” deoxygenating and reducing conditions. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Genetic diversity and parasite facilitated establishment of the invasive signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) in Great Britain
Authors: Robinson Chloe Victoria , Garcia de Leaniz Carlos , James Joanna , Cable Joanne , Orozco‐terWengel Pablo , Consuegra Sofia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSuccessful establishment of non‐native species is strongly influenced, among other factors, by the genetic variation of founding populations, which can be enhanced by multiple introductions through admixture. Coexisting pathogens can also facilitate the establishment of non‐native species by detrimentally impacting on the native fauna acting as novel weapons. The signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) is a highly invasive species, which has caused mass declines of native crayfish in Europe through displacement and transmission of the oomyceteAphanomyces astaci(crayfish plague), which is typically lethal to native European crayfish. However, whetherAphanomyces astacimay have facilitated the invasion of the signal crayfish is not known. We estimated the genetic diversity at microsatelliteDNAloci, effective population size, and potential origins of seven infected and noninfected signal crayfish populations in Europe and one founder population in North America. Approximate Bayesian computation analysis and population structuring suggested multiple host introductions from diverse source populations, as well as higher heterozygosity among infected than uninfected populations, which could reflect a fitness advantage. Low effective population size, moderate heterozygosity, and lack of isolation by distance suggest that some invasive signal crayfish populations may not be fully established or that their genetic diversity may have been reduced by eradication attempts.
Effects of increased N and P availability on biomass allocation and root carbohydrate reserves differ between N‐fixing and non‐N‐fixing savanna tree seedlings
Authors: Varma Varun , Catherin Arockia M. , Sankaran Mahesh 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn mixed tree‐grass ecosystems, tree recruitment is limited by demographic bottlenecks to seedling establishment arising from inter‐ and intra‐life‐form competition, and disturbances such as fire. Enhanced nutrient availability resulting from anthropogenic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition can alter the nature of these bottlenecks by changing seedling growth and biomass allocation patterns, and lead to longer‐term shifts in tree community composition if different plant functional groups respond differently to increased nutrient availability. However, the extent to which tree functional types characteristic of savannas differ in their responses to increased N and P availability remains unclear. We quantified differences in above‐ and belowground biomass, and root carbohydrate contents in seedlings of multiple N‐fixing and non‐N‐fixing tree species characteristic of Indian savanna and dry forest ecosystems in response to experimental N and P additions. These parameters are known to influence the ability of plants to compete, as well as survive and recover from fires. N‐fixers in our study were co‐limited by N and P availability, while non‐N‐fixers were N limited. Although both functional groups increased biomass production following fertilization, non‐N‐fixers were more responsive and showed greater relative increases in biomass with fertilization than N‐fixers. N‐fixers had greater baseline investment in belowground resources and root carbohydrate stocks, and while fertilization reduced root:shoot ratios in both functional groups, root carbohydrate content only reduced with fertilization in non‐N‐fixers. Our results indicate that, even within a given system, plants belonging to different functional groups can be limited by, and respond differentially to, different nutrients, suggesting that long‐term consequences of nutrient deposition are likely to vary across savannas contingent on the relative amounts of N and P being deposited in sites.
Amino acid‐specific δ15N trophic enrichment factors in fish fed with formulated diets varying in protein quantity and quality
Authors: Nuche‐Pascual M. Teresa , Lazo Juan Pablo , Ruiz‐Cooley Rocío I. , Herzka Sharon Z. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCompound‐specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of amino acids (AAs) in consumer tissues is a developing technique with wide‐ranging applications for identifying nitrogen (N) sources and estimating animal trophic level. Controlled experiments are essential for determining which dietary conditions influence variability in N stable isotopes (δ15N) trophic enrichment factors in bulk tissue (TEFbulk) and AAs (TEFAA). To date, however, studies have not independently evaluated the effect of protein quantity and quality (digestibility) on TEFs, complicating the application of AA‐δ15N values for estimating trophic levels. We conducted a 98‐d feeding experiment using five formulated isoenergetic feeds prepared with a high‐quality protein source to evaluate the effect of protein quantity and quality on TEFs of liver and muscle tissues of juvenile Pacific yellowtail (Seriola lalandi), a carnivorous fish species. We decreased protein digestibility using well‐established protocols that do not change AA profiles. Growth rates were higher in diets with higher protein content, and isotopic equilibrium was reached for both fish tissues and all treatments. Protein quantity and quality influenced isotope discrimination depending on tissue type and AA. In liver tissue, bulk TEFs showed a limited but significant relationship with protein quality, but did not differ with protein quantity or quality in muscle. None of the pre‐established source AAs (Lys, Met, Phe, and Gly) TEFs varied significantly with protein quantity or quality in liver tissue. However, in muscle tissue, TEFPhe increased significantly with protein content and decreased in response to reduced digestibility, indicating it may not serve as proxy for baseline isotopic values used to calculate trophic level. Among trophic AAs, TEFLeu decreased significantly with increasing protein quantity in liver tissue, while both Leu and Ile TEFs decreased with lower protein digestibility in muscle tissue. Our results indicate that CSIA‐AA in liver tissue provides more robust source and trophic AA‐δ15N values than in muscle.