bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The last natural seasonal forests of Indonesia: Implications for forest management and conservation
Authors: Laumonier Yves , Nasi Robert 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimThe status, type and ecology of the vegetation of the southeastern seasonal regions of Indonesia need to be clarified to identify adequate natural resource management and conservation strategies.LocationTanimbar archipelago represents a group of islands south of the Banda sea in the Moluccas. The largest is the flat Yamdena (7°36′ S, 131°25′ E).MethodsVegetation was interpreted fromLANDSATsatellite data, overlaid with geology and topography for pre‐stratification. Within each strata, forest sites were equally systematically sampled using a network of small 0.2 ha survey plots (60 plots, 7,130 trees) and soil pits sampled for 44 of the vegetation plots. Fisher’s alpha diversity index was used together with ordination techniques to assert differences in forest types.ResultsThe forest covered c. 70% of the island, comprising seasonal evergreen forest (SEF), dry deciduous forest (DDF) and moist deciduous forest’ (MDF). TheSEFcanopy (Burseraceae, Meliaceae, Oleaceae and Dilleniaceae) sited around 35 m. The density of trees above 10 cm diameter averaged 632 individuals/ha, the basal area (BA) was 32 m2/ha, and species diversity (SD, Fischer α) 14.84. Rattans are abundant in the understorey. TheMDFexhibited a mixture of evergreen and deciduous big trees while the lower storey was evergreen. Rattans were less common. Distinct family species associations emerged from the ordination (Combretaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae and Apocynaceae or Meliaceae, Gnetaceae, Clusiaceae). The density of trees averaged 491 individuals/ha,BA26 m2/ha andSD18.73. The canopy of theDDF(Ebenaceae, Fabaceae, Apocynaceae and Menispermaceae) was around 30 m. During the dry season all tree species shed their leaves. The density of trees averaged 552 individuals/ha,BA20 m2/ha andSD11.58.ConclusionsThe last natural seasonal forests of Indonesia are nowadays only found in the Tanimbar Archipelago. The existence of three contrasted seasonal forest types on small flat island was remarkable and should be quickly translated into decision making for land zoning, agriculture or forestry development, avoiding approaches applied in the humid region of the country. To succeed however, the ecology of these seasonal forests should quickly become priority areas for research to feed the design of suitable conservation and management strategies.
Multicentre international experience of 532‐nm laser photoselective vaporization with GreenLight XPS in men with very large prostates
Authors: Valdivieso Roger , Hueber Pierre‐Alain , Meskawi Malek , Belleville Eric , Ajib Khaled , Bruyere Franck , Te Alexis E. , Chughtai Bilal , Elterman Dean , Misrai Vincent , Zorn Kevin C. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo describe peri‐operative results, functional outcomes and complications of laser photoselective vaporization, using the GreenLight system, of prostate glands ≥200 mL in volume.MethodsRetrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained multicentre database was performed to select a subgroup of patients with very large prostates (volume ≥200 mL) treated with the GreenLight XPS laser. A subgroup of patients with prostate volumes 100–200 mL was used for comparison. International Prostate Symptom Score, maximum urinary flow rate, postvoid residual urine volume and prostate‐specific antigen levels were measured at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months. Durability was evaluated using benign prostatic hyperplasia re‐treatment rate at 12, 24 and 36 months. Additionally, complications were recorded using Clavien–Dindo classification.ResultsA total of 33 patients (38%) had prostates ≥200 mL. Baseline characteristics were similar between patients with prostates ≥200 mL and those with prostates 100–200 mL. Patients with very large prostates (≥200 mL) had longer operating times (129 vs 93 min), less energy delivered, a greater number of fibres used (3 vs 2) and a higher conversion rate to transurethral resection of the prostate (16% vs 4%). In terms of complications and functional outcomes, we did not find any differences between the groups. Retreatment rate was also comparable.ConclusionsOur results show that PVP GreenLight XPS‐180W is an acceptable technique for very large prostates (≥200 mL); however, operating times, energy delivery, fibres used and conversion to TURP are a concern in this particular subgroup. This should be used for patient counselling and surgery planning.
Serenoa repens + selenium + lycopene vs tadalafil 5 mg for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction: a Phase IV, non‐inferiority, open‐label, clinical study (SPRITE study)
Authors: Morgia Giuseppe , Vespasiani Giuseppe , Pareo Rosaria M. , Voce Salvatore , Madonia Massimo , Carini Marco , Ingrassia Antonio , Terrone Carlo , Gentile Marcello , Carrino Maurizio , Giannantoni Antonella , Blefari Franco , Arnone Salvatore , Santelli Giorgio , Russo Giorgio I. ,   on behalf of the SPRITE investigators
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo compare in a randomised, open‐label, non‐inferiority clinical study, the efficacy and tolerability of Serenoa repens (SeR) + selenium (Se) + lycopene (Ly) (SeR‐Se‐Ly) therapy vs tadalafil 5 mg in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).Patients and methodsFrom May 2015 to January 2017, 427 patients were enrolled in 21 different centres (International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register [ISRCTN] 73316039). Inclusion criteria included: age between 50 and 80 years, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) ≥12, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) ≤ 15 mL/s, and post‐void residual (PVR) <100 mL. Patients were randomised into two groups in a 2:1 ratio: Group A (SeR‐Se‐Ly, 1 tablet daily for 6 months) and Group B (tadalafil 5 mg, 1 tablet daily for 6 months). The primary endpoint of the study was the non‐inferior variation in the IPSS and Qmax in Group A vs Group B after 6 months of treatment.ResultsIn all, 404 patients completed the full protocol. When comparing both therapies, Group A was statistically not inferior to Group B considering the median change in IPSS (−3.0 vs −3.0; P < 0.01), IPSS quality of life (−2.0 vs −2.0; P < 0.05), and Qmax (2.0 vs 2.0 mL/s; P < 0.01). We found statistically significant differences in the increase of at least 3 points in Qmax (38.2% vs 28.1%; P = 0.04) and of at least 30% of Qmax (39.2% vs 27.3%; P < 0.01) in Group A compared to Group B. The percentage of patients with an increase of at least 3 points in the IPSS and a decrease of at least 25% of the IPSS was not statistically different between the two groups. For adverse events, four patients in Group A (1.44%) and 10 in Group B (7.81%) (P < 0.05) reported side‐effects.ConclusionWe have shown that treatment with SeR‐Se‐Ly was not inferior to tadalafil 5 mg for improving IPSS and Qmax in men with LUTS.
Primary magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasonography fusion‐guided biopsy of the prostate
Authors: Maxeiner Andreas , Kittner Beatrice , Blobel Conrad , Wiemer Laura , Hofbauer Sebastian L. , Fischer Thomas , Asbach Patrick , Haas Matthias , Penzkofer Tobias , Fuller Florian , Miller Kurt , Cash Hannes 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the performance of a primary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/ultrasonography (US) fusion‐guided targeted biopsy (TB), and in combination with an added systematic biopsy (SB).Patients and MethodsAnalysis of 318 consecutive biopsy‐naïve men with suspicious multiparametric MRI (mpMRI; Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System [PI‐RADS] score ≥3) undergoing transrectal TB and 10‐core SB between January 2012 and December 2016. The indication for performing mpMRI was based on clinical parameters and decided by the treating urologist before admission. TB was performed with a sensor‐based MRI/US fusion‐guided platform. Clinically significant prostate cancer was defined as Gleason score ≥4 + 3 = 7 (International Society of Urological Pathology Grade [ISUP] grade 3) or maximum cancer core length of ≥6 mm.ResultsA median (interquartile range) of 14 (13–14) biopsies per case were taken. The overall cancer detection rate (CDR) was 77% (245/318). The TB alone detected 67% of prostate cancers and the SB alone detected 70%. The PI‐RADS dependent CDR for the combination of TB/SB were 38% (21/55), 78% (120/154) and 95% (104/109) for PI‐RADS scores of 3/4/5, respectively. Clinically significant prostate cancer was diagnosed by the combination of TB and SB in 195 men (61%) and by TB alone in 163 cases (51%). The number of missed or underestimated prostate cancers with a Gleason score ≥8 for TB alone was 31 (10%, P < 0.001) and 21 (7%, P < 0.001) for SB alone in comparison with the results of the combination of TB and SB. The rate of insignificant prostate cancer was comparable for the combination of TB and SB and TB alone (50/318, 16% vs 50/318, 16%).ConclusionsPre‐biopsy mpMRI is of incremental value in increasing the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer in biopsy‐naïve patients with suspicion of prostate cancer. Combining TB with SB further improved the diagnostic accuracy without increasing the rate of insignificant prostate cancer.
A submerged pine forest from the early Holocene in the Mecklenburg Lake District, northern Germany
Authors: Kaiser Knut , Oldorff Silke , Breitbach Carsten , Kappler Christoph , Theuerkauf Martin , Scharnweber Tobias , Schult Manuela , Küster Mathias , Engelhardt Christof , Heinrich Ingo , Hupfer Michael , Schwalbe Grit , Kirschey Tom , Bens Oliver 
Published: March 2018

For the first time, evidence of a submerged pine forest from the early Holocene can be documented in a central European lake. Subaquatic tree stumps were discovered in Lake Giesenschlagsee at a depth of between 2 and 5 m using scuba divers, side‐scan sonar and a remotely operated vehicle. Several erect stumps, anchored to the ground by roots, represent an in situ record of this former forest. Botanical determination revealed the stumps to be Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) with an individual tree age of about 80 years. The trees could not be dated by means of dendrochronology, as they are older than the regional reference chronology for pine. Radiocarbon ages from the wood range from 10 880±210 to 10 370±130 cal. a BP, which is equivalent to the mid‐Preboreal to early Boreal biozones. The trees are rooted in sedge peat, which can be dated to this period as well, using pollen stratigraphical analysis. Tilting of the peat bed by 4 m indicates subsidence of the ground due to local dead ice melting, causing the trees to become submerged and preserved for millennia. Together with recently detected Lateglacial in situ tree occurrences in nearby lakes, the submerged pine forest at Giesenschlagsee represents a new and highly promising type of geo‐bio‐archive for the wider region. Comparable in situ pine remnants occur at some terrestrial (buried setting) and marine (submerged setting) sites in northern central Europe and beyond, but they partly differ in age. In general, the in situ pine finds document shifts of the zonal boreal forest ecosystem during the late Quaternary.
Association between the age of solid food introduction and eczema: A systematic review and a meta‐analysis
Authors: Waidyatillake N. T. , Dharmage S. C. , Allen K. J. , Bowatte G. , Boyle R. J. , Burgess J. A. , Koplin J. J. , Garcia‐Larsen V. , Lowe A. J. , Lodge C. J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIntroductionEczema is a common childhood ailment responsible for a considerable disease burden. Both timing of introduction to solid food and allergenic food are believed to be related to childhood eczema. Despite the growing body of evidence, the relationship between timing of any solid food introduction (allergenic and/or non‐allergenic) and development of eczema has not previously been systematically reviewed.MethodsPubMed and EMBASE databases were searched using food and eczema terms. Two authors selected papers according to the inclusion criteria and extracted information on study characteristics and measures of association. Meta‐analyses were performed after grouping studies according to the age and type of exposure.ResultsA total of 17 papers met the inclusion criteria, reporting results from 16 study populations. Of these, 11 were cohort studies, 2 case‐controls, 1 cross‐sectional study and 2 randomized controlled trials. Limited meta‐analyses were performed due to heterogeneity between studies. Timing of solid food introduction was not associated with eczema. One randomized controlled trial provided weak evidence of an association between early allergenic (around 4 months) food introduction and reduced risk of eczema.ConclusionsThe available evidence is currently insufficient to determine whether the timing of introduction of any solid food influences the risk of eczema.
Combinations of Simple Mechanisms Explain Diverse Strategies in the Freehand Writing of Memorized Sentences
Authors: Cheng Peter C.‐H. , van Genuchten Erlijn 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIndividual differences in the strategies that control sequential behavior were investigated in an experiment in which participants memorized sentences and then wrote them by hand, in a non‐cursive style. Thirty‐two participants each wrote eight sentences, which had hierarchical structures with five levels. The dataset included over 31,000 letters. Despite the deliberately constrained nature of the task and stimuli, 23 patterns of behavior were identified from the durations of pauses that occurred before the inscription of letters at four chunk levels, spanning letters, words, phrases, and sentences. A critical path task analytic model, Graphical Production of Memorized Sentences (GPoMS), shows that the control of writing relies on cues that continuously switch between motor actions and chunk retrievals in a just‐in‐time fashion at the level of letter information. GPoMS explains the individual differences in terms of variants of a motor production mechanism and variants of a chunk retrieval mechanism, which involve varying degrees of parallelism between cognitive actions and motor actions. A graphical technique for constructing GPoMS models was developed that enabled the estimation of ongoing working memory demands during production.
The effect of estate tax change on the controlling shareholding structure and corporate value of family firms
Authors: Yeh Yin‐Hua , Liao Chen‐Chieh 
Published: March 2018

AbstractManuscript typeEmpiricalResearch question/issueEstate tax planning has always been a primary concern of large shareholders when arranging the controlling shareholding structure of family firms. This paper provides evidence on the effect of a drastic change in estate tax on the shareholding structure of family‐controlled firms in Taiwan, as well as the impact of these changes on the firms' corporate value. We examine a 2008 policy change in Taiwan that substantially reduced the estate tax from a maximum rate of 50% to a single tax rate of 10%.Research findings/insightsWe analyze a 12‐year period from 2002 to 2014 looking at data of family‐controlled, listed companies with IPOs prior to 2001. The empirical results reveal a reduced motivation among controlling families to circumvent estate tax through altering the shareholding structure after the law change. The results also reveal a positive impact on firm value as a result of the reduction in the tax burden of controlling families. These findings contribute to the family firm and tax literature and provide insight into the effects of tax policy change on the controlling structure of family firms and the consequent benefits on firm value.Theoretical/academic implicationsTo the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first empirical study that establishes a significant relationship between estate tax and tax‐avoidance behaviors reflected in the change of the shareholding structure of a family firm. Many research topics linking estate tax with other corporate governance issues in family firms are here unexplored.Practitioner/policy implicationsFor the policymaker, this study highlights the increase of firm value due to a reduction in the estate tax rate. Moreover, a tax‐friendly environment can help the controlling family commit themselves to the proper management of the firm instead of expending effort on tax minimization to safeguard their wealth.
Lysosomal acid lipase promotes cholesterol ester metabolism and drives clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression
Authors: Wang Jun , Tan Mingyue , Ge Jifu , Zhang Ping , Zhong Jie , Tao Le , Wang Qiong , Tong Xuemei , Qiu Jianxin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized histologically by accumulation of cholesterol esters, cholesterol and other neutral lipids. Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is a critical enzyme involved in the cholesterol ester metabolism. Here, we sought to determine whether LAL could orchestrate metabolism of cholesterol esters in order to promote ccRCC progression.Materials and methodsQuantitative reverse‐transcription PCR and western blots were conducted to assess the expression of LAL in human ccRCC tissues. We analysed the relationship between LAL levels and patient survival using tissue microarrays. We used cell proliferation assays, colony formation assays, cell death assays, metabolic assays and xenograft tumour models to evaluate the biological function and underlying mechanisms.ResultsLAL was up‐regulated in ccRCC tissue. Tissue microarray analysis revealed higher levels of LAL in advanced grades of ccRCC, and high LAL expression indicated lower patient survival. Suppressing LAL expression not only blocked the utilization of cholesterol esters but also impaired proliferation and cellular survival. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry staining showed that LAL expression was correlated with Akt phosphorylation. Suppressing LAL expression decreased the phosphorylation level of Akt and Src and reduced the level of 14,15‐epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in ccRCC cells. Supplement of 14,15‐epoxyeicosatrienoic acids rescued proliferation in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsLAL promoted cell proliferation and survival via metabolism of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and activation of the Src/Akt pathway.
Acute cardiac events in severe community‐acquired pneumonia: A multicenter study
Authors: Cilli Aykut , Cakin Ozlem , Aksoy Emine , Kargin Feyza , Adiguzel Nalan , Karakurt Zuhal , Ergan Begum , Mersin Seda , Bozkurt Selen , Ciftci Fatma , Cengiz Melike 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionAn increased risk of cardiovascular complications has been defined in community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP), but limited data is available for patients with severe CAP.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to define the prevalence, characteristics, risk factors and impact on mortality of acute cardiac events in patients with severe CAP during short and long term.MethodThis investigation was a multicenter, retrospective cohort sudy of patients with severe CAP. Cardiac events were defined as cardiac arrhytmia, congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors for acute cardiac events and mortality.ResultsOf 373 patients (mean age 68 ± 16, 61.4% male), 56 (15%) developed a cardiac event (43 arrhythmia, 11 congestive heart failure and 2 myocardial infarction). Patients who developed an acute cardiac event were older, had more severe disease, pleural effusion, hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia and more acidosis. Also, beta‐blocker and diuretic use were more significant in these patients. In‐hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients who developed cardiac events (29.6% vs 11%, P < .001). According to the logistic regression analysis, haloperidol, vasopressor or diuretic use, hypoalbuminemia and age were the predictors for acute cardiac events. Acute cardiac events were significantly associated with in‐hospital mortality (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.03‐4.61, P = .04), but not associated with 90‐day mortality.ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that acute cardiac events are seen in a substantial proportion of patients with severe CAP and their occurence significantly associated with in‐hospital mortality.
Feminist Activism and the Politics of Reform: When and Why Do States Respond to Demands for Gender Equality Policies?
Authors: Goetz Anne Marie , Jenkins Rob 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTUnder what conditions is gender equality policy advocacy successful? This article examines a segment of the largely quantitative comparative political science literature that seeks to answer this question. Recent scholarship emphasizes such factors as the strength of women's movements and the forms of opposition to which their policy demands give rise. However, one consequence of this approach is that the role of strategic choices made by feminist policy advocates is underestimated in explaining their successes. The article argues that understanding variation in the outcomes achieved by women's rights advocates requires close attention to the strategic capacity of policy entrepreneurs, assessed in terms of three inter‐related activities: (1) ‘framing’ policy demands; (2) forming and managing civic alliances; and (3) engaging with state entities without compromising organizational autonomy.
Global Agendas, Local Norms: Mobilizing around Unpaid Care and Domestic Work in Asia
Authors: Rao Nitya 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThis article explores the articulation and framing of unpaid care work and the mobilization around it at two spatial scales, the global and national. For the latter it focuses on three of the largest and most diverse countries in Asia — India, China and Indonesia. While the concept of unpaid care work has received considerable attention in international development discourse, it is rarely found in feminist mobilization and advocacy across these countries. The article asks why this issue remains largely excluded from women's political agendas. It also explores how it is framed when it is included. While most organizations recognize women's double burden and the importance of domestic labour, they do not consider ‘unpaid care work’ as a legitimate political issue around which to mobilize. Rather, it is framed, if at all, as part of other political agendas, such as the rights of the elderly (in China), the rights to social protection, especially childcare and maternity entitlements (in India), or the right to equal opportunities within marriage (in Indonesia). The study analyses the differences in framing, the conceptualization of gender equality embedded therein, and the implications for policy.