bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
¡Ojo! What to expect in recruiting and retaining older Latinos in physical activity programs
Authors: Marquez David X , Aguiñaga Susan , Castillo Amparo , Hughes Susan L , Der Ananian Cheryl , Whitt-Glover Melicia C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Older Latinos are the fastest growing cohort among older adults in the USA, and their lives are often fraught with comorbidities, such as diabetes and obesity. Strong evidence has demonstrated health benefits of regular physical activity for older adults. In spite of this, older Latinos participate in low levels of physical activity. Interventions designed to increase the physical activity of older Latinos are lacking, yet more are emerging as the number of older Latinos grows. Unfortunately, older Latinos face many impediments to participating in physical activity interventions that researchers are unaware of. The purpose of the current article was to identify barriers that researchers are likely to face in conducting physical activity interventions for older Latinos, highlighting recently identified barriers, and providing barriers we encountered specifically with older Latino adults; and strategies to overcome these barriers to implementation.
A three-dimensional skeleton of Goniopholididae from the Late Jurassic of Portugal: implications for the Crocodylomorpha bracing system
Authors: Puértolas-Pascual E , Mateus O 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe here describe an articulated partial skeleton of a small neosuchian crocodylomorph from the Lourinhã Formation (Late Jurassic, Portugal). The skeleton corresponds to the posterior region of the trunk and consists of dorsal, ventral and limb osteoderms, dorsal vertebrae, thoracic ribs and part of the left hindlimb. The paravertebral armour is composed of two rows of paired osteoderms with the lateral margins ventrally deflected and an anterior process for a ‘peg and groove’ articulation. We also compare its dermal armour with that of several Jurassic and Cretaceous neosuchian crocodylomorphs, establishing a detailed description of this type of osteoderms.These features are present in crocodylomorphs with a closed paravertebral armour bracing system. The exceptional 3D conservation of the specimen, and the performance of a micro-CT scan, allowed us to interpret the bracing system of this organism to assess if previous models were accurate. The characters observed in this specimen are congruent with Goniopholididae, a clade of large neosuchians abundant in most semi-aquatic ecosystems from the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Laurasia. However, its small size, contrasted with the sizes observed in goniopholidids, left indeterminate whether it could have been a dwarf or juvenile individual. Future histological analyses could shed light on this.
Mass lesions of the myometrium: interpretation and management of unexpected pathology
Authors: Porter Anne E. , Kho Kimberly A. , Gwin Katja 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign uterine smooth muscle tumors. On the basis of imaging, these masses are often presumed to be benign conventional leiomyomas and surgical excision is a common treatment choice. After myomectomy or hysterectomy for presumed leiomyomas, the surgical pathology report may reveal an unexpected diagnosis of another type of mesenchymal tumor. These can range from a variant of benign smooth muscle tumors to smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential to malignant sarcomas. This review describes these variant pathologies and reviews data on recurrence risk and postoperative management.

Recent findings
The majority of benign smooth muscle tumors will be classified as leiomyomas. Cellular, bizarre nuclei, mitotically active, epitheliod, myxoid, and dissecting are all terms that describe pathologic variants of benign leiomyomas. Smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential contain both benign and malignant features and should be referred to Gynecologic Oncology for follow-up. Leiomyosarcomas and low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas may present preoperatively as benign tumors but are malignant with a high risk of recurrence and should be referred to Gynecologic Oncology.

Summary
We advocate for the continued benefits of minimally invasive procedures in appropriately selected patients. Despite these measures, unexpected pathologic diagnoses can occur and should be managed appropriately.
Computerized Approach to Facial Transplantation: Evolution and Application in 3 Consecutive Face Transplants
Authors: Ramly Elie P. , Kantar Rami S. , Diaz-Siso J. Rodrigo , Alfonso Allyson R. , Rodriguez Eduardo D. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Face transplant (FT) candidates present with unique anatomic and functional defects unsuitable for autologous reconstruction, making the accurate design and transplantation of patient-specific allografts particularly challenging. In this case series, we present our computerized surgical planning (CSP) protocol for FT.

Methods:
CSP, computer-aided design and manufacturing, intraoperative navigation, and intraoperative computerized tomography have been successfully incorporated into a comprehensive protocol. Three consecutive FTs were performed. CSP and postoperative results were compared using computerized tomography–derived cephalometric measurements, and the literature was reviewed.

Results:
Two full and 1 partial FT were successfully performed using the CSP protocol. CSP facilitated the execution of FT with minor angular and translational cephalometric variations on immediate postoperative imaging. Our evolving experience was accompanied by a decreased reliance on cadaveric simulation, from 10 mock transplants and a research procurement before the senior author’s first clinical FT (2012) to 6 mock transplants and no research procurement before the third FT (2018). Operative time was significantly reduced from 36 to 25 hours, as was the need for major orthognathic surgical revision. This reflects the learning curve and variable case complexity, but it is also representative of improved planning and execution, complemented by the systematic incorporation of CSP into FT.

Conclusions:
A CSP protocol allows for refinement of operative flow, technique, and outcomes in partial and full FT. Standards for functional and esthetic outcomes are bound to evolve with the field’s growth, and computerized planning and execution offer a reproducible approach to FT through objective quality assurance.
Corneal Biomechanical Evaluation After Conventional Corneal Crosslinking With Oxygen Enrichment
Authors: Wang Jia , Wang Lijun , Li Zhiwei , Wang Yu Meng , Zhu Kaimin , Mu Guoying 
Published: August 2019

Purpose:
To assess corneal biomechanical changes after conventional corneal crosslinking (CXL), with and without oxygen enrichment.

Methods:
Sixty fresh porcine corneas were randomly divided into group 1 (control), group 2 (conventional CXL), and group 3 (conventional CXL in a high-oxygen environment during ultraviolet A [UVA] irradiation). After crosslinking, a 5-mm wide corneal strip was extracted using a double-bladed knife from 12 to 6'o clock. The Young's modulus of each strip was determined by stress–strain measurements. A comparison between the three groups was performed with a one-way analysis of variance.

Results:
At 4% strain, the Young's modulus of the corneas in groups 1, 2, and 3 were: 0.68±0.20 megapascal (MPa), 1.01±0.23 MPa, and 1.12±0.24 MPa, respectively. The Young's modulus values for groups 2 and 3 showed no statistical significance (P>0.05), However, both groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher than group 1 (P<0.05). At 6% strain, the Young's modulus of the corneas in groups 1, 2, and 3 were: 0.97±0.21, 1.35±0.25, and 1.64±0.44 MPa, respectively, and at 8% strain, the Young's modulus was: 1.29±0.26, 1.72±0.45, 2.20±0.74 MPa, respectively. At 6% and 8% strain, the Young's modulus for the corneas in group 3 was significantly higher than those in both group 1 and group 2 (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Increasing oxygen concentration during UVA irradiation may improve the efficacy of conventional CXL.
Long-term Fecal Incontinence, Recurrence, Satisfaction, and Regret After the Transobturator Postanal Sling Procedure
Authors: Winkelman William D. , Demtchouk Veronica O. , Brecher Liza G. , Erlinger Adrienne P. , Modest Anna M. , Rosenblatt Peter L. 
Published: August 2019

Objectives
The objective of this study was to assess long-term outcomes after the transobturator postanal sling (TOPAS) procedure for the treatment of fecal incontinence. Long-term recurrence, satisfaction and regret after transobturator postanal sling procedure support the ongoing use of this procedure for patients with fecal incontinence.

Methods
Both a retrospective review of medical records and a prospective telephone survey were conducted. For the retrospective review of medical records, all patients who underwent the TOPAS procedure at our institution were eligible. Medical records were reviewed to assess for symptom resolution, retreatment, and complications. For the prospective telephone survey, patients who were conversant in English and had a valid contact information were eligible and were asked to complete questions on satisfaction, the Patient Global Impression of Improvement, the Wexner Symptom Severity Score, the Fecal Incontinence Qualify of Life Scale, and the modified Decision Regret Scale.

Results
A total of 134 patients met the inclusion criteria for the retrospective medical record review. Patients were followed in clinic for a median of 24.0 months (interquartile range, 6.0–53.0). Overall, 75.4% reported improvement in fecal incontinence. There were 37 (27.6%) who required subsequent treatment for fecal incontinence. There were 67 patients eligible for the prospective telephone survey, of whom 46 (68.7%) agreed to participate. Median time between surgery and the telephone survey was 63.5 months (interquartile range, 36.0–98.0). Among these participants, 54.3% were satisfied and 60.9% would recommend the procedure to someone else. No adverse events were identified with long-term follow-up.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the TOPAS procedure remains a safe and effective therapy for the treatment of fecal incontinence with favorable long-term outcomes.
Wind loads on open truss structures: applications of blockage to historic transporter bridges
Authors: Carter A. J. , Taylor P. H. , Santo H. , Blakeborough A. 
Published: August 2019

The overall aim of this study is to compare and contrast the design of the two remaining working examples of early twentieth-century transporter bridges in the UK, namely, those at Newport and Middlesbrough. With the aid of modern finite-element analysis, the behaviour of the structures under loading is investigated, likely modes of failure determined and the efficiency of each structure evaluated. The important horizontal load component due to wind at the exposed locations of the bridges is examined using ‘current blockage’, ideas transferred from recent work on wave–current–structure interaction for space-frame structures in offshore engineering.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Environmental loading of heritage structures’.
Prevalence estimate of blood doping in elite track and field at the introduction of the Athlete Biological Passport
Authors: Faiss Raphael , Saugy Jonas , Zollinger Alix , Robinson Neil , Schütz Frédéric , Saugy Martial , Garnier Pierre-Yves 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn elite sport, the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) was invented to tackle cheaters by monitoring closely changes in biological parameters, flagging atypical variations. The haematological module of the ABP was indeed adopted in 2011 by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). This study estimates the prevalence of blood doping based on haematological parameters in a large cohort of track & field athletes measured at two international major events (2011 & 2013 IAAF World Championships) with a hypothesized decrease in prevalence due to the ABP introduction.A total of 3683 blood samples were collected and analysed from all participating athletes originating from 209 countries. The estimate of doping prevalence was obtained by using a Bayesian network with seven variables, as well as “doping” as a variable mimicking doping with low-doses of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), to generate reference cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) for the Abnormal Blood Profile Score (ABPS) from the ABP.Our results from robust haematological parameters indicate an estimation of an overall blood doping prevalence of 18% in average in endurance athletes (95% Confidence Interval (C.I.) 14-22%). A higher prevalence was observed in female athletes (22%, C.I. 16-28%) than in male athletes (15%, C.I. 9-20%). In conclusion, this study presents the first comparison of blood doping prevalence in elite athletes based on biological measurements from major international events that may help scientists and experts to use the ABP in a more efficient and deterrent way.What are the new findings ?This study presents the first comparison of blood doping prevalence in elite track & field athletes based on biological measurements from major international eventsOur results from robust haematological parameters indicate an estimation of an overall blood doping prevalence of 18% in average in endurance athletes.The confidence intervals for blood doping prevalence range from 9-28% with wide discrepancies between certain countries.How might it impact on clinical practice in the near futureThe further development of the Athlete Biological Passport with a careful monitoring of biological parameters still represents the most consistent approach to thwart athletes using undetectable prohibited substances or methods.This study describes a method to define blood doping prevalence with the analysis of robust haematological parametersEstimates of doping prevalence in subpopulations of athletes may represent a valuable tool for the antidoping authorities to perform a risk assessment in their sport.
Self-reported sleep relates to hippocampal atrophy across the adult lifespan – results from the Lifebrain consortium
Authors: Fjell Anders M. , Sørensen Øystein , Amlien Inge K. , Bartrés-Faz David , Bros Didac Maciá , Demuth Ilja , Drevon Christian A , Düzel Sandra , Ebmeier Klaus P. , Idland Ane-Victoria , Kietzmann Tim C. , Kievit Rogier , Kühn Simone , Lindenberger Ulman , Mowinckel Athanasia M , Nyberg Lars , Price Darren , Sexton Claire E. , Solé-Padullés Cristina , Pudas Sara , Sederevicius Donatas , Suri Sana , Wagner Gerd , Watne Leiv Otto , Westerhausen René , Zsoldos Enikő , Walhovd Kristine B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPoor sleep is associated with multiple age-related neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions. The hippocampus plays a special role in sleep and sleep-dependent cognition, and accelerated hippocampal atrophy is typically seen with higher age. Hence, it is critical to establish how the relationship between sleep and hippocampal volume loss unfolds across the adult lifespan.MethodsSelf-reported sleep measures and MRI-derived hippocampal volumes were obtained from 3105 cognitively normal participants (18-90 years) from major European brain studies in the Lifebrain consortium. Hippocampal volume change was estimated from 5116 MRIs from 1299 participants, covering up to 11 years. Cross-sectional analyses were repeated in a sample of 21390 participants from the UK Biobank.ResultsThe relationship between self-reported sleep and age differed across sleep items. Sleep duration, efficiency, problems, and use of medication worsened monotonously with age, whereas subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, and daytime tiredness improved. Women reported worse sleep in general than men, but the relationship to age was similar. No cross-sectional sleep – hippocampal volume relationships was found. However, worse sleep quality, efficiency, problems, and daytime tiredness were related to greater hippocampal volume loss over time, with high scorers showing on average 0.22% greater annual loss than low scorers. Simulations showed that longitudinal effects were too small to be detected as age-interactions in cross-sectional analyses.ConclusionsWorse self-reported sleep is associated with higher rates of hippocampal decline across the adult lifespan. This suggests that sleep is relevant to understand individual differences in hippocampal atrophy, but limited effect sizes call for cautious interpretation.
History biases reveal novel dissociations between perceptual and metacognitive decision-making
Authors: Benwell Christopher S.Y. , Beyer Rachael , Wallington Francis , Ince Robin A. A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHuman decision-making and self-reflection often depend on context and internal biases. For instance, decisions are often influenced by preceding choices, regardless of their relevance. It remains unclear how choice history influences different levels of the decision-making hierarchy. We employed analyses grounded in information and detection theories to estimate the relative strength of perceptual and metacognitive history biases, and to investigate whether they emerge from common/unique mechanisms. Though both perception and metacognition tended to be biased towards previous responses, we observed novel dissociations which challenge normative theories of confidence. Different evidence levels often informed perceptual and metacognitive decisions within observers, and response history distinctly influenced 1st (perceptual) and 2nd (metacognitive) order decision-parameters, with the metacognitive bias likely to be strongest and most prevalent in the general population. We propose that recent choices and subjective confidence represent heuristics which inform 1st and 2nd order decisions in the absence of more relevant evidence.
A solution to the learning dilemma for recurrent networks of spiking neurons
Authors: Bellec Guillaume , Scherr Franz , Subramoney Anand , Hajek Elias , Salaj Darjan , Legenstein Robert , Maass Wolfgang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecurrently connected networks of spiking neurons underlie the astounding information processing capabilities of the brain. But in spite of extensive research, it has remained open how they can learn through synaptic plasticity to carry out complex network computations. We argue that two pieces of this puzzle were provided by experimental data from neuroscience. A new mathematical insight tells us how these pieces need to be combined to enable biologically plausible online network learning through gradient descent, in particular deep reinforcement learning. This new learning method – callede-prop– approaches the performance ofBPTT(backpropagation through time), the best known method for training recurrent neural networks in machine learning. In addition, it suggests a method for powerful on-chip learning in novel energy-efficient spike-based hardware for AI.
Perceiving structure in unstructured stimuli: Implicitly acquired prior knowledge impacts the processing of unpredictable transitional probabilities
Authors: Kóbor Andrea , Horváth Kata , Kardos Zsófia , Nemeth Dezso , Janacsek Karolina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIt is unclear how implicit prior knowledge is involved and remains persistent in the extraction of the statistical structure underlying sensory input. Therefore, this study investigated whether the implicit knowledge of 2ndorder transitional probabilities characterizing a stream of visual stimuli impacts the processing of unpredictable transitional probabilities embedded in a similar input stream. Young adults (N= 50) performed a four-choice reaction time (RT) task that consisted of structured and unstructured blocks. In the structured blocks, more probable and less probable short-range nonadjacent transitional probabilities were present. In the unstructured blocks, the unique combinations of the short-range transitional probabilities occurred with equal probability; therefore, they were unpredictable. All task blocks were visually identical at the surface level. While one-half of the participants completed the structured blocks first followed by the unstructured blocks, this was reversed in the other half of them. The change in the structure was not explicitly denoted, and no feedback was provided on the correctness of each response. Participants completing the structured blocks first showed faster RTs to more probable than to less probable short-range transitional probabilities in both the structured and unstructured blocks, indicating the persistent effect of prior knowledge. However, after extended exposure to the unstructured blocks, they updated this prior knowledge. Participants completing the unstructured blocks first showed the RT difference only in the structured blocks, which was not constrained by the preceding exposure to unpredictable stimuli. The results altogether suggest that implicitly acquired prior knowledge of predictable stimuli influences the processing of subsequent unpredictable stimuli. Updating this prior knowledge seems to require a longer stretch of time than its initial acquisition.
An alternative AUG codon in segment 5 of the 2009 pandemic influenza A virus is a swine-derived virulence motif
Authors: Wise Helen M. , Gaunt Eleanor , Ping Jihui , Holzer Barbara , Jasim Seema , Lycett Samantha J. , Murphy Lita , Livesey Alana , Brown Russell , Smith Nikki , Morgan Sophie , Clark Becky , Kudryavtseva Katerine , Beard Philippa M. , Nguyen-Van-Tam Jonathan , Salguero Francisco J. , Tchilian Elma , Dutia Bernadette M. , Brown Earl G. , Digard Paul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe 2009 influenza A virus (IAV) pandemic (pdm2009) was caused by a swine H1N1 virus with several atypical genetic features. Here, we investigate the origin and significance of an upstream AUG (uAUG) codon in the 5’-untranslated region of the NP gene. Phylogeny indicated that the uAUG codon arose in the classical swine IAV lineage in the mid 20thCentury, and has become fixed in the current triple reassortant, variant pdm2009 swine IAV and human pdm2009 lineages. Functionally, it supports leaky ribosomal initiationin vitroandin vivoto produce two isoforms of NP: canonical, and a longer “eNP”. The uAUG codon had little effect on viral gene expression or replicationin vitro. However, in both murine and porcine models of IAV infection, removing the uAUG codon gene attenuated pdm2009 virus pathogenicity. Thus, the NP uAUG codon is a virulence factor for swine IAVs with proven zoonotic ability.