bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The caveolae‐associated coiled‐coil protein, NECC2, regulates insulin signalling in Adipocytes
Authors: Trávez Andrés , Rabanal‐Ruiz Yoana , López‐Alcalá Jaime , Molero‐Murillo Laura , Díaz‐Ruiz Alberto , Guzmán‐Ruiz Rocío , Catalán Victoria , Rodríguez Amaia , Frühbeck Gema , Tinahones Francisco J. , Gasman Stéphane , Vitale Nicolas , Jiménez‐Gómez Yolanda , Malagón María M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAdipocyte dysfunction in obesity is commonly associated with impaired insulin signalling in adipocytes and insulin resistance. Insulin signalling has been associated with caveolae, which are coated by large complexes of caveolin and cavin proteins, along with proteins with membrane‐binding and remodelling properties. Here, we analysed the regulation and function of a component of caveolae involved in growth factor signalling in neuroendocrine cells, neuroendocrine long coiled‐coil protein‐2 (NECC2), in adipocytes. Studies in 3T3‐L1 cells showed that NECC2 expression increased during adipogenesis. Furthermore, NECC2 co‐immunoprecipitated with caveolin‐1 (CAV1) and exhibited a distribution pattern similar to that of the components of adipocyte caveolae, CAV1, Cavin1, the insulin receptor and cortical actin. Interestingly, NECC2 overexpression enhanced insulin‐activated Akt phosphorylation, whereas NECC2 downregulation impaired insulin‐induced phosphorylation of Akt and ERK2. Finally, an up‐regulation of NECC2 in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue was found in association with human obesity and insulin resistance. This effect was also observed in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes exposed to hyperglycaemia/hyperinsulinemia. Overall, the present study identifies NECC2 as a component of adipocyte caveolae that is regulated in response to obesity and associated metabolic complications, and supports the contribution of this protein as a molecular scaffold modulating insulin signal transduction at these membrane microdomains.
Effects of metformin and alogliptin on body composition in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Takeshita Yumie , Kita Yuki , Kato Ken‐ichiro , Kanamori Takehiro , Misu Hirofumi , Kaneko Shuichi , Takamura Toshinari 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of metformin and a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, alogliptin, on body composition in a 12‐week randomized add‐on trial in Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsA total of 84 participants with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes undergoing antidiabetic therapy were randomly assigned to receive alogliptin (25 mg, once daily) or metformin (1,000 mg, twice daily) for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy end‐point was body composition. The secondary end‐points included factors associated with decreased bodyweight.ResultsCompared with the baseline values, alogliptin significantly increased bodyweight (66.5 ± 19.2 to 67.6 ± 19.3 kg), body mass index (BMI; 25.4 ± 6.1 to 25.8 ± 6.3 kg/m2) and fat mass (20.3 ± 12.8 to 21.8 ± 14.5 kg), whereas metformin had no significant effect on body composition. Alogliptin was inferior to metformin in reducing bodyweight (0.84 ± 1.57 vs −0.35 ± 1.53 kg, P = 0.002), BMI (0.34 ± 0.69 to −0.15 ± 0.56 kg/m2, P = 0.002) and fat mass (1.49 ± 5.06 vs −0.04 ± 1.81 kg, P = 0.042). BMI at baseline was associated with changes in bodyweight negatively in the metformin group and positively in the alogliptin group.ConclusionsMetformin and alogliptin exert opposite effects on bodyweight in type 2 diabetes patients who are overweight. The higher the BMI, the more metformin reduces bodyweight and alogliptin increases weight.
Caspase‐independent hepatocyte death: A result of the decrease of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Kakisaka Keisuke , Suzuki Yuji , Fujiwara Yudai , Suzuki Akiko , Kanazawa Jo , Takikawa Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground and AimsLipotoxicity causes liver inflammation, which leads to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is a causal agent of lipotoxicity. Recently, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) was identified as an enzyme that catalyzes the esterification of LPC, which potentially decreases LPC levels. However, the effect of LPCAT in lipotoxicity of the liver is not fully understood. Our aim was to determine whether LPCAT attenuates lipotoxicity in the liver.MethodsMice fed a high‐fat diet with sucrose (HFDS) or high‐fat diet without sucrose, and Huh‐7 cells treated with palmitate were used.ResultsMice‐fed HFDS showed advanced liver fibrosis as compared with mice‐fed high‐fat diet or normal chow. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3) mRNA expression in the liver was significantly decreased in the HFDS liver, and LPC content in the HFDS liver was significantly increased as compared with the other groups. When Huh‐7 cells with short hairpin RNA‐mediated knockdown of LPCAT3 (shLPCAT3 cells) were treated with palmitate, the intracellular LPC concentration and cell death were significantly higher than those in wild‐type Huh‐7 cells. Palmitate‐induced cell death in shLPCAT3 was attenuated by a combination of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 inhibitor with pan‐caspase inhibitor. In contrast, intracellular LPC and palmitate‐induced cell death were significantly lower in LPCAT3‐overexpressing Huh‐7 cells than in wild‐type cells.ConclusionDepletion of LPCAT3 in a mouse model of NASH leads to caspase‐independent cell death, and LPCAT3 is a potential therapeutic target in NASH.
Are the therapeutic strategies in anorexia of ageing effective on nutritional status? A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Perna S. , Rondanelli M. , Spadaccini D. , Lenzi A. , Donini L. M. , Poggiogalle E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundAnorexia of ageing (AA) may be considered as a risk factor for frailty and has an important impact on quality of life, morbidity and mortality.MethodsA systematic review and a meta‐analysis were performed to summarise the results from several trials on the effectiveness of treatments in AA, as associated with depression, sensory impairment of taste and smell, decreased appetite or early satiety, and disability. Eligible studies were required to report baseline and follow‐up values, the mean change (∆‐change) from baseline, and/or the mean difference among intervention groups versus control group, concerning food intake (kcal/daily) and/or nutritional outcomes, such as body weight, body mass index, albumin and Mini Nutritional Assessment.ResultsThe systematic review included 20 papers based on different therapeutic approaches concerning food intake and/or nutritional outcomes. The results of the meta‐analysis indicate that the interventions for AA have an important impact on body weight [+1.59 kg; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.48–+1.71 kg; P < 0.001) and on energy intake (+56.09 kcal; 95% CI = −54.05 to +166.25 kcal; P = 0.32). Regarding secondary outcomes, it was not possible to meta‐analyse the limited amount of data availab le.ConclusionsThe different variants of AA need to be defined because diverse therapeutic approaches are available. A more precise definition of the functional impairments associated with AA may allow a more correct decision about the most appropriate therapy to be prescribed. Moreover, this may allow for a more effective performance of the different therapeutic approaches once they are better targeted to the different scenarios of AA.
Effects of four soaps on skin trans‐epidermal water loss and erythema index
Authors: Khosrowpour Zeynab , Ahmad Nasrollahi Saman , Ayatollahi Azin , Samadi Aniseh , Firooz Alireza 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundVarious tests have been carried out to determine the irritant potential of soaps/cleansers.ObjectivesThis study was carried out to compare the effects of four different soap formulations on biophysical parameters of the skin, including trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL) and erythema index.MethodsFour different soap formulations (creamy, glycerin containing, syndet, and traditional alkaline soaps) were studied. Twenty healthy volunteers were enrolled and 8% solutions (W/V) of the soaps made with distilled water, 20% sodium dodecyl sulfate (positive control) and water (negative control) were applied to their volar forearms as a single dose patch test. The patches remained on the sites for 4 hours. The skin TEWL and erythema index were measured before applying the patches and 24 and 72 hours after removal of them using TEWAmeter and Mexameter probes, respectively.ResultsAlkaline and creamy soaps caused a significant increase in TEWL 24 hours after patch removal. However, 72 hours after patch removal, this increase was significant only in case of alkaline soap (P‐value = 0.002). A decreasing trend in skin erythema was observed 24 and 72 hours after application of syndent, glycerin, and creamy soaps. In case of creamy soap, this decrease was significant 72 hours after patch removal (P‐value = 0.006).ConclusionTraditional alkaline soap increased TEWL and skin erythema, which are signs of prolonged damage to the skin barrier. However, the effects of other formulations were transient, and TEWL returned to baseline at 72 hours. Creamy soap even showed a relative protective effect (decrease in erythema index compared to baseline), probably due to the lanolin content of the formulation.
Fibrinogen for the management of critical obstetric hemorrhage
Authors: Matsunaga Shigetaka , Takai Yasushi , Seki Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimIn cases of critical obstetric hemorrhage leading to extreme hypofibrinogenemia, fibrinogen is the marker that indicates the critical severity, and early fibrinogen supplementation centering on hemostatic resuscitation is a vital treatment to stabilize a catastrophic condition. In this review, we investigated the effect of fibrinogen level on hemostasis and what we can do to treat hypofibrinogenemia efficiently and improve patients’ outcome.MethodsWe reviewed numerous articles related to hypofibrinogenemia in critical obstetric hemorrhage. Especially, we performed a systematic review on target value of fibrinogen for hemostasis and effectiveness of fibrinogen concentrate. We also reviewed the articles about the methods for early normalization of fibrinogen level such as tranexamic acid, massive transfusion protocol, and point‐of‐care testing.ResultsThe target value of fibrinogen calculated by needs for massive transfusion was 200 mg/dL or 10 mm of A5FIBTEM. Although fibrinogen concentrate worked poorly on fibrinogen levels within the normal range, it improved the blood fibrinogen levels rapidly when it was administered to critical obstetric hemorrhage patients with serious hypofibrinogenemia. Hence, the volume of FFP transfused could be reduced along with a reduction in the frequency of pulmonary edema due to volume overload.ConclusionThe patient group for which fibrinogen concentrate works most effectively is cases with severe hypofibrinogenemia. Further research is required in the light of evidence. The essence of the transfusion algorithm in critical obstetric hemorrhage is to approach the target value for obtaining hemostasis, ensure an accurate and prompt grasp of the severity using point‐of‐care testing, introduce a massive transfusion protocol and use tranexamic acid.
Caregivers’ understanding of fluoride varnish: implications for future clinical strategies and research on preventive care decision making
Authors: Chi Donald L. , Richman Julia , Senturia Kirsten , Zahlis Ellen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe caregivers' understanding of fluoride varnish.MethodsWe administered the Oral Health Literacy Inventory for Parents within a pediatric dental clinic (N = 113). Caregivers were asked to read and define each item. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded inductively. The main analyses focused on responses to “fluoride varnish” and were conducted at the response level.ResultsOf the 140 responses, 22.1 percent of the responses indicated lack of knowledge about fluoride varnish, 23.6 percent that it was for teeth, 8.6 percent as something in toothpaste or water, and 45.7 percent as something that helps teeth. About 52.7 percent of responses indicated lack of knowledge, incomplete, or incorrect understanding. At the caregiver‐level, 50.4 percent did not know what fluoride varnish was or provided an incorrect or incomplete response.ConclusionMany caregivers have an incomplete or inaccurate understanding of fluoride varnish, which has implications for how healthcare providers communicate about preventive care and future research on caregiver decision making.
Impact of pharmacist's directed medication reconciliation on reducing medication discrepancies during transition of care in hospital setting
Authors: Salameh Lana K. , Abu Farha Rana K. , Abu Hammour Khawla M. , Basheti Iman A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the effect of pharmacist's directed services (reconciliation plus counselling) on reducing medication discrepancies and improving patient's outcomes at discharge from hospital.

Methods
During the 3-month study period, 200 patients were randomly selected from internal medicine department from Jordan University Hospital (JUH) and allocated into two groups (intervention and control groups). The number and types of medication discrepancies were identified at admission. Then, pharmacist implemented medication reconciliation and medication counselling services to the intervention group patients. At discharge, the number of unintentional discrepancies was evaluated for both groups. Patients were assessed at 1 month following their discharge for any subsequent hospital readmissions, emergency department visits or side effects of medication therapy.

Key findings
The total number of identified unintentional discrepancies was 84 for the intervention group compared with 60 discrepancies for the control group. Omission and addition represented the most common types of discrepancies for both groups. Of the 84 recommendations submitted by pharmacists, clinicians accepted 78 cases (92.8%), and implemented only 46 recommendations (54.7%). At discharge, a significant reduction in the number of unintentional discrepancies was achieved for the intervention group, P-value (0.014), while no significant change was found for the control group, P-value = 0.508. One month postdischarge, a significantly higher number of patients in the control group reported experiencing side effects compared with the intervention group, P-value = 0.020.

Conclusion
The presence of clinical pharmacists in hospital wards had a promising effect on decreasing the number of medication errors and improving health outcomes.
Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy as a New Tool for Neurofeedback Training: Applications in Psychiatry and Methodological Considerations
Authors: Ehlis Ann‐Christine , Barth Beatrix , Hudak Justin , Storchak Helena , Weber Lydia , Kimmig Ann‐Christin S. , Kreifelts Benjamin , Dresler Thomas , Fallgatter Andreas J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOver the past decades, functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has become a valuable tool in the online assessment of brain function in psychological and neuropsychiatric research. Recently, fNIRS has also been employed in the context of neurofeedback (NF), with pilot studies indicating that hemodynamic responses can be deliberately regulated and that neuroplastic changes occur over the course of several training sessions. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent implementation and development of fNIRS as an NF tool; specifically, we will outline initial studies in healthy participants as well as children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and describe new protocols aimed at reducing auditory verbal hallucinations (schizophrenic patients) and anxiety symptoms (patients with social anxiety disorder), respectively. Finally, we will discuss recent methodological developments and concerns as well as potential future perspectives. We conclude that fNIRS is a useful tool for conducting NF, especially in terms of multi‐session training. However, methodological details need to be considered when designing fNIRS‐based NF studies, and future protocols should aim at training broader network structures and implementing implicit training protocols. Finally, future studies should focus not only on (clinical) effects of fNIRS‐based NF, but also on the underlying mechanisms and activity changes in extended brain networks.
Hepatitis C elimination among people who inject drugs: Challenges and recommendations for action within a health systems framework
Authors: Day Emma , Hellard Margaret , Treloar Carla , Bruneau Julie , Martin Natasha K. , Øvrehus Anne , Dalgard Olav , Lloyd Andrew , Dillon John , Hickman Matt , Byrne Jude , Litwin Alain , Maticic Mojca , Bruggmann Philip , Midgard Havard , Norton Brianna , Trooskin Stacey , Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Grebely Jason ,   the International Network on Hepatitis in Substance Users (INHSU)
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe burden of hepatitis C infection is considerable among people who inject drugs (PWID), with an estimated prevalence of 39%, representing an estimated 6.1 million people who have recently injected drugs living with hepatitis C infection. As such, PWID are a priority population for enhancing prevention, testing, linkage to care, treatment and follow‐up care in order to meet World Health Organization (WHO) hepatitis C elimination goals by 2030. There are many barriers to enhancing hepatitis C prevention and care among PWID including poor global coverage of harm reduction services, restrictive drug policies and criminalization of drug use, poor access to health services, low hepatitis C testing, linkage to care and treatment, restrictions for accessing DAA therapy, and the lack of national strategies and government investment to support WHO elimination goals. On 5 September 2017, the International Network of Hepatitis in Substance Users (INHSU) held a roundtable panel of international experts to discuss remaining challenges and future priorities for action from a health systems perspective. The WHO health systems framework comprises six core components: service delivery, health workforce, health information systems, medical procurement, health systems financing, and leadership and governance. Communication has been proposed as a seventh key element which promotes the central role of affected community engagement. This review paper presents recommended strategies for eliminating hepatitis C as a major public health threat among PWID and outlines future priorities for action within a health systems framework.
Eight weeks of Paritaprevir/r/Ombitasvir + Dasabuvir in HCV genotype 1b with mild‐moderate fibrosis: Results from a real‐world cohort
Authors: Puigvehí Marc , De Cuenca Beatriz , Viu Ana , Diago Moisés , Turnes Juan , Gea Francisco , Pascasio Juan M. , Lens Sabela , Cabezas Joaquín , Badia Ester , Olveira Antonio , Morillas Rosa M. , Torras Xavier , Montoliu Silvia , Cordero Patricia , Castro José L. , Salmerón Javier , Molina Esther , Sánchez‐Ruano Juan J. , Moreno Javier , Antón María D. , Moreno José M. , De la Vega Juan , Calleja José L. , Carrión José A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsThe interferon‐free regimen paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir + dasabuvir (PTV/r/OBV/DSV) has shown high efficacy in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b infection when administered for 8 or 12 weeks, but data regarding the 8‐week treatment are scarce. The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy and safety of the 8‐week administration of PTV/r/OBV/DSV in a real‐world cohort.MethodsWe performed a multicentre observational study from Spanish Hepa‐C database including patients receiving 8 weeks of PTV/r/OBV/DSV (October 2016‐November 2017). Those with advanced fibrosis, with non‐genotype 1b or who were treatment‐experienced were excluded.ResultsA total of 211 patients were registered from 23 Spanish centres; eleven were excluded. At baseline, 42.5% (n = 85) were male, median (range) age was 57 (23‐86), ALT was 45 (11‐494) IU/mL, viral load was 6.1 (3.3‐8.2) log10 IU/mL, and 74.5% had mild liver fibrosis (F0‐F1) and 25.5% moderate fibrosis (F2). At the end of treatment (EOT), HCV viral load was undetectable in 100% (200/200). Seven patients relapsed after treatment discontinuation. Sustained virological response (SVR12) rates by intention‐to‐treat analysis were 96% (192/200). Regarding treatment safety, 2 patients developed ALT elevation >5x ULN, but there were no treatment discontinuations. One patient died 7 weeks after EOT.ConclusionTreatment with PTV/r/OBV/DSV in genotype 1b‐infected treatment‐naive patients with mild‐moderate fibrosis shows excellent efficacy and safety in real life, similarly to clinical trials. Clinicaltrials.gov, number: NCT03122132.
Arabidopsis downy mildew effector HaRxL106 suppresses plant immunity by binding to RADICAL‐INDUCED CELL DEATH1
Authors: Wirthmueller Lennart , Asai Shuta , Rallapalli Ghanasyam , Sklenar Jan , Fabro Georgina , Kim Dae Sung , Lintermann Ruth , Jaspers Pinja , Wrzaczek Michael , Kangasjärvi Jaakko , MacLean Daniel , Menke Frank L. H. , Banfield Mark J. , Jones Jonathan D. G. 
Published: August 2018

Summary

The oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) causes downy mildew disease on Arabidopsis. To colonize its host, Hpa translocates effector proteins that suppress plant immunity into infected host cells. Here, we investigate the relevance of the interaction between one of these effectors, HaRxL106, and Arabidopsis RADICAL‐INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (RCD1).

We use pathogen infection assays as well as molecular and biochemical analyses to test the hypothesis that HaRxL106 manipulates RCD1 to attenuate transcriptional activation of defense genes.

We report that HaRxL106 suppresses transcriptional activation of salicylic acid (SA)‐induced defense genes and alters plant growth responses to light. HaRxL106‐mediated suppression of immunity is abolished in RCD1 loss‐of‐function mutants. We report that RCD1‐type proteins are phosphorylated, and we identified Mut9‐like kinases (MLKs), which function as phosphoregulatory nodes at the level of photoreceptors, as RCD1‐interacting proteins. An mlk1,3,4 triple mutant exhibits stronger SA‐induced defense marker gene expression compared with wild‐type plants, suggesting that MLKs also affect transcriptional regulation of SA signaling.

Based on the combined evidence, we hypothesize that nuclear RCD1/MLK complexes act as signaling nodes that integrate information from environmental cues and pathogen sensors, and that the Arabidopsis downy mildew pathogen targets RCD1 to prevent activation of plant immunity.