bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reinfection With the Hepatitis C Virus in Men Who Have Sex With Men After Successful Treatment With Direct-acting Antivirals in Germany: Current Incidence Rates, Compared With Rates During the Interferon Era
Authors: Ingiliz Patrick , Wehmeyer Malte H , Boesecke Christoph , Schulze Zur Wiesch Julian , Schewe Knud , Lutz Thomas , Baumgarten Axel , Simon Karl-Georg , Hueppe Dietrich , Rockstroh Juergen K , Mauss Stefan , Christensen Stefan ,   European AIDS Treatment Network (NEAT) Study Group,   German Hepatitis C Cohort (GECCO) Study Group
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Micro-elimination of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) includes treatment in populations at risk of ongoing HCV transmission, such as men who have sex with men (MSM) or people who inject drugs (PWID). We analyzed the HCV reinfection incidence rates of participants in the German hepatitis C cohort (GECCO) and compared our data to previous findings from the interferon era.

Methods
Patients with HCV reinfections in the multi-centric GECCO cohort were compared to patients in whom no reinfection occurred. The HCV reinfection incidence rate in MSM was also compared to the incidence rate in the interferon era (using data from the European Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Treatment Network [NEAT]).

Results
Between January 2014 and April 2018, 48 HCV reinfections occurred in 2298 individuals (2%), with 2346 cured HCV episodes. The median time to reinfection was 500 days (range 16–1160) and the overall HCV reinfection incidence rate was 1.89 per 100 person-years (py; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41–2.48). In a multivariate analysis, the transmission risk in MSM was the only independent risk factor of HCV reinfection (odds ratio, 39.3; 95% CI, 4.57–334.40; P = .001). The incidence rate in MSM was 9.02 (95% CI, 6.48–12.26) per 100 py, compared to 1.14 per 100 py in PWID (95% CI, .56–2.09). The incidence rate for a first HCV reinfection in MSM was similar in the direct-acting antiviral era, compared to the interferon era, with a hazard ratio of 1.05 (95% CI, .64–1.74; P = .831).

Conclusions
HCV reinfection remains a frequent finding among MSM in Germany. In addition to behavioral interventions, early HCV treatment and retreatment should be implemented for this subgroup to prevent HCV transmission.
RNA Helicases from the DEA(D/H)-Box Family Contribute to Plant NMD Efficiency
Authors: Sulkowska Aleksandra , Auber Andor , Sikorski Pawel J , Silhavy D�niel , Auth Mariann , Sitkiewicz Ewa , Jean Viviane , Merret R�my , Bousquet-Antonelli C�cile , Kufel Joanna 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a conserved eukaryotic RNA surveillance mechanism that degrades aberrant mRNAs comprising a premature translation termination codon. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent RNA helicase up-frameshift 1 (UPF1) is a major NMD factor in all studied organisms; however, the complexity of this mechanism has not been fully characterized in plants. To identify plant NMD factors, we analyzed UPF1-interacting proteins using tandem affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry. Canonical members of the NMD pathway were found along with numerous NMD candidate factors, including conserved DEA(D/H)-box RNA helicase homologs of human DDX3, DDX5 and DDX6, translation initiation factors, ribosomal proteins and transport factors. Our functional studies revealed that depletion of DDX3 helicases enhances the accumulation of NMD target reporter mRNAs but does not result in increased protein levels. In contrast, silencing of DDX6 group leads to decreased accumulation of the NMD substrate. The inhibitory effect of DDX6-like helicases on NMD was confirmed by transient overexpression of RH12 helicase. These results indicate that DDX3 and DDX6 helicases in plants have a direct and opposing contribution to NMD and act as functional NMD factors.
Pretreatment Exercise-induced Hypoalgesia is Associated With Change in Pain and Function After Standardized Exercise Therapy in Painful Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Hansen Simon , Vaegter Henrik B. , Petersen Kristian K. 
Published: September 2019

Objectives:
Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH), a measure of descending pain inhibitory control, has been found hyperalgesic in subgroups of painful knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients. The effect of standardized exercise therapy (ET) on clinical pain intensity in KOA has been demonstrated. However, the prognostic value of EIH in KOA patients completing an ET program has not been investigated. This study investigated the prognostic value of EIH on pain relief following ET in KOA patients.

Materials and Methods:
In 24 painful KOA patients (Numerical Rating Scale, 0 to 10 ≥3), EIH was assessed as change in pressure pain threshold after 2-minute “lateral raises” before and after ET in this observational study. In addition, temporal summation of pain, clinical pain scores (Numerical Rating Scale, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS], and PainDETECT Questionnaire) were assessed before and after ET. The KOOS-4 is defined by the KOOS subscale scores for Pain, Symptoms, Activities of Daily Living, and Quality of Life and was used as the primary outcome.

Results:
Following ET, all clinical pain scores improved (P<0.01) but no changes in pressure pain threshold, temporal summation of pain, or EIH were found (P>0.05). Linear regression models identified pretreatment EIH (β=0.59, P<0.005) and PainDETECT Questionnaire (β=0.57, P<0.005) as independent factors for relative change in KOOS-4 after ET (adjusted R
2=46.8%).

Discussion:
These preliminary and exploratory results suggest that patients with a high EIH response before a standardized ET program may be associated with a large improvement in pain after treatment. This measure may potentially help clinicians as a prognostic tool for outcome prediction following ET in KOA patients.
Retrospective Assessment of Desmopressin Effectiveness and Safety in Patients With Antiplatelet-Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage*
Authors: Feldman Elizabeth A. , Meola Gregory , Zyck Stephanie , Miller Christopher D. , Krishnamurthy Satish , Cwikla Gregory M. , Darko William , Jennings Shane , Sullivan Ross , Seabury Robert 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
Current international guidelines offer a conditional recommendation to consider a single dose of IV desmopressin (DDAVP) for antiplatelet-associated intracranial hemorrhage based on low-quality evidence. We provide the first comparative assessment analyzing DDAVP effectiveness and safety in antiplatelet-associated intracranial hemorrhage.

Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Setting:
Single tertiary care academic medical center.

Patients:
Adult patients taking at least one antiplatelet agent based on presenting history and documented evidence of intracranial hemorrhage on cerebral CT scan were included. Patients were excluded for the following reasons: repeat cerebral CT scan not performed within the first 24 hours, noncomparative repeat cerebral CT scan, chronic anticoagulation, administration of fibrinolytic medications, concurrent ischemic stroke, and neurosurgical intervention. In total, 124 patients were included, 55 received DDAVP and 69 did not.

Interventions:
DDAVP treatment at recognition of antiplatelet-associated intracranial hemorrhage versus nontreatment.

Measurements and Main Results:
Primary effectiveness outcome was intracranial hemorrhage expansion greater than or equal to 3 mL during the first 24 hospital hours. Primary safety outcomes were the largest absolute decrease from baseline serum sodium during the first 3 treatment days and new-onset thrombotic events during the first 7 days. DDAVP was associated with 88% decreased likelihood of intracranial hemorrhage expansion during the first 24 hours ([+] DDAVP, 10.9% vs [–] DDAVP, 36.2%; p = 0.002; odds ratio [95% CI], 0.22 [0.08–0.57]). Largest median absolute decrease from baseline serum sodium ([+] DDAVP, 0 mEq/L [0–5 mEq/L] vs [–] DDAVP, 0 mEq/L [0–2 mEq/L]; p = 0.089) and thrombotic events ([+] DDAVP, 7.3% vs [–] DDAVP, 1.4%; p = 0.170; odds ratio [95% CI], 5.33 [0.58–49.16]) were similar between groups.

Conclusions:
DDAVP was associated with a decreased likelihood of intracranial hemorrhage expansion during the first 24 hours. DDAVP administration did not significantly affect serum sodium and thrombotic events during the study period.
Diabetes Insipidus After Discontinuation of Vasopressin Infusion for Treatment of Shock
Authors: Ferenchick Hannah , Cemalovic Nail , Ferguson Nadia , Dicpinigaitis Peter V. 
Published: September 2019

Objectives:
Vasopressin has achieved common usage for the treatment of catecholamine-requiring and catecholamine-resistant shock. Diabetes insipidus is a syndrome characterized by excretion of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine. To date, very few reports of diabetes insipidus after discontinuation of vasopressin infusion have been published; the majority of previous reports describe neurosurgical patients. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the occurrence rate of diabetes insipidus after discontinuation of vasopressin infusion among patients treated with vasopressin infusion for shock.

Design:
Retrospective analysis of electronic health records of patients receiving continuous vasopressin infusion for the treatment of shock within a 5-year period (2012–2016).

Setting:
Medical, surgical, and cardiothoracic ICUs within one academic medical center.

Patients:
One-thousand eight-hundred ninety-six patients received vasopressin infusion for the treatment of shock.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
The occurrence rate of diabetes insipidus after discontinuation of vasopressin infusion was 1.53% among all patients. Sixteen of 29 patients with diabetes insipidus after discontinuation of vasopressin infusion had undergone cardiothoracic intervention, such as coronary artery bypass graft and valve replacement surgery, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and placement of ventricular assist devices. No neurosurgical patients were identified in our cohort. In a control group of patients receiving norepinephrine but not vasopressin infusion for treatment of shock, criteria for diabetes insipidus were observed in two of 1,320 subjects (0.15%).

Conclusions:
Despite a paucity of published reports, diabetes insipidus after discontinuation of vasopressin infusion appears not to be a rare phenomenon, and is likely to be encountered by intensivists who regularly employ vasopressin for the treatment of vasoplegic shock. Previous reports consisted predominantly of neurosurgical patients. Our findings demonstrate the occurrence of diabetes insipidus after discontinuation of vasopressin infusion among patients with septic shock as well as vasoplegic shock after cardiothoracic intervention. The mechanism of diabetes insipidus after discontinuation of vasopressin infusion remains to be elucidated but may involve transient downregulation of V2 receptors induced by exposure to supraphysiological doses of vasopressin.
Evaluation of Efficacy, Safety, and Satisfaction Taking Deferasirox Twice Daily Versus Once Daily in Patients With Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia
Authors: Karimi Mehran , Haghpanah Sezaneh , Bahoush Gholamreza , Ansari Shahla , Azarkeivan Azita , Shahsavani Amin , Bazrafshan Asghar , Jangjou Ali 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
Deferasirox is a once-daily oral iron-chelation agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in November 2005. The authors aimed to evaluate efficacy, safety, and satisfaction of patients regarding twice-daily dose of deferasirox in patients with thalassemia who are resistant to once-daily regimen.

Methods:
In this historical cohort multicenter study, 34 patients with beta-thalassemia major resistant or intolerant to once-daily dose of deferasirox (35 mg/kg/d) were investigated in 2016. Patients were registered at 3 thalassemia referral centers in Shiraz, southern Iran and Tehran, the capital of Iran. All patients were followed for 1 year and monitored by regular physical examination, laboratory data, serum ferritin levels, and heart and liver T2 magnetic resonance imaging.

Results:
Mean age of thalassemia patients was 25.6±8.1 (8 to 40) years, including 22 female individuals and 12 male individuals. Serum ferritin levels significantly decreased during the study period (2021±955 at baseline vs. 1228±894 at the end of the study, P<0.001). Liver T2 magnetic resonance imaging of the patients demonstrated a significant improvement during the study. 73.3% of patients showed normal values at the end of study compared with 28.1% at the baseline (P<0.001). Drug side effects were reported only in 2 patients (5.8%) including 1 patient with abdominal pain and 1 with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.

Conclusions:
It seems that deferasirox can be used with increased dose and twice daily with acceptable efficacy in unresponsive or intolerant thalassemia patients to once-daily dose. Close monitoring of the patients is necessary to detect and manage any possible adverse events.
Satellite DNA landscapes after allotetraploidisation of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) reveal unique A and B subgenomes
Authors: Heitkam Tony , Weber Beatrice , Walter Ines , Ost Charlotte , Schmidt Thomas 
Published: September 2019

SUMMARYIf two related plant species hybridise, their genomes are combined within a single nucleus, thereby forming an allotetraploid. How the emerging plant balances two co-evolved genomes is still a matter of ongoing research. Here, we focus on satellite DNA (satDNA), the fastest turn-over sequence class in eukaryotes, aiming to trace its emergence, amplification and loss during plant speciation and allopolyploidisation. As a model, we usedChenopodium quinoaWilld. (quinoa), an allopolyploid crop with 2n=4x=36 chromosomes. Quinoa originated by hybridisation of an unknown female AmericanChenopodiumdiploid (AA genome) with an unknown male Old World diploid species (BB genome), dating back 3.3 to 6.3 million years. Applying short read clustering to quinoa (AABB),C. pallidicaule(AA), andC. suecicum(BB) whole genome shotgun sequences, we classified their repetitive fractions, and identified and characterised seven satDNA families, together with the 5S rDNA model repeat. We show unequal satDNA amplification (two families) and exclusive occurrence (four families) in the AA and BB diploids by read mapping as well as Southern, genomic and fluorescentin situhybridisation. AsC. pallidicauleharbours a unique satDNA profile, we are able to exclude it as quinoa’s parental species. Using quinoa long reads and scaffolds, we detected only limited evidence of interlocus homogenisation of satDNA after allopolyploidisation, but were able to exclude dispersal of 5S rRNA genes between subgenomes. Our results exemplify the complex route of tandem repeat evolution throughChenopodiumspeciation and allopolyploidisation, and may provide sequence targets for the identification of quinoa’s progenitors.
The Intestinal Microbiota Contributes to the Control of Highly Pathogenic H5N9 Influenza Virus Replication in Ducks
Authors: Figueroa Thomas , Bessière Pierre , Coggon Amelia , van der Woude Roosmarijn , Delverdier Maxence , Verheije Monique H. , de Vries Robert P. , Volmer Romain 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTDucks usually show little or no clinical signs following highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection. In order to analyze if the gut microbiota could contribute to the control of influenza virus replication in ducks, we used a broad-spectrum oral antibiotic treatment to deplete the gut microbiota before infection with a highly pathogenic H5N9 avian influenza virus. Antibiotic-treated ducks and non-treated control ducks did not show any clinical signs following H5N9 virus infection. We did not detect any difference in virus titers neither in the respiratory tract, nor in the brain and spleen. However, we found that antibiotic-treated H5N9 virus infected ducks had significantly increased intestinal virus excretion at day 3 and 5 post-infection. This was associated with a significantly decreased antiviral immune response in the intestine of antibiotic-treated ducks. Our findings highlight the importance of an intact microbiota for an efficient control of avian influenza virus replication in ducks.IMPORTANCEDucks are frequently infected with avian influenza viruses belonging to multiple subtypes. They represent an important reservoir species of avian influenza viruses, which can occasionally be transmitted to other bird species or mammals, including humans. Ducks thus have a central role in the epidemiology of influenza virus infection. Importantly, ducks usually show little or no clinical signs even following infection with a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. We provide evidence that the intestinal microbiota contributes to the control of influenza virus replication in ducks by modulating the antiviral immune response. Ducks are able to control influenza virus replication more efficiently when they have an intact intestinal microbiota. Therefore, maintaining a healthy microbiota by limiting perturbations to its composition should contribute to prevention of avian influenza virus spread from the duck reservoir.
Genetical engineered lung cancer cell for analyzing Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition
Authors: Kiełbus Michał , Czapiński Jakub , Kałafut Joanna , Woś Justyna , Stepulak Andrzej , Rivero-Müller Adolfo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCell plasticity, defined as the ability to undergo phenotypical transformation in a reversible manner, is a physiological processes that also exert important roles in disease progression Two forms of cellular plasticity are epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its inverse process, mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). These processes have been correlated to the poor outcome of different types of neoplasias as well as drug resistance development. Since EMT/MET are transitional processes, we have generated and validated a reporter cell line. Specifically, a far-red fluorescent protein was knocked-in in-frame with the mesenchymal gene markerVIMENTIN(VIM) in H2170 lung cancer cells. The vimentin reporter cells (VRCs) are a reliable model for studying EMT and MET showing cellular plasticity upon a series of stimulations. These cells are a robust platform to dissect the molecular mechanisms of these processes, and for drug discoveryin vitroand in the futurein vivo.
Design and optimization of a cell-free atrazine biosensor
Authors: Silverman Adam D. , Akova Umut , Alam Khalid K. , Jewett Michael C. , Lucks Julius B. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTRecent advances in cell-free synthetic biology have spurred the development ofin vitromolecular diagnostics that serve as effective alternatives to whole-cell biosensors. However, cell-free sensors for detecting manmade organic water contaminants such as pesticides are sparse, partially because few characterized natural biological sensors can directly detect such pollutants. Here, we present a platform for the cell-free detection of one critical water contaminant, atrazine, by combining a previously characterized cyanuric acid biosensor with a reconstituted atrazine-to-cyanuric acid metabolic pathway composed of several protein-enriched bacterial extracts mixed in a one pot reaction. Our cell-free sensor detects atrazine within an hour of incubation at an activation ratio superior to previously reported whole-cell atrazine sensors. We also show that the response characteristics of the atrazine sensor can be tuned by manipulating the component ratios of the cell-free reaction mixture. Our approach of utilizing multiple metabolic steps, encoded in protein-enriched cell-free extracts, to convert a target of interest into a molecule that can be sensed by a transcription factor is modularly designed, which should enable this work to serve as an effective proof-of-concept for rapid field-deployable detection of complex organic water contaminants.
Micronutrient intake and prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy among women (15-49 y) and children (6-59 mo) in South Kivu and Kongo Central, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
Authors: Moumin Najma A. , Angel Moira Donahue , Karakochuk Crystal D. , Michaux Kristina D. , Moursi Mourad , Sawadogo Kossiwavi Améwono Ayassou , Foley Jennifer , Hawes Meaghan , Whitfield Kyly C. , Tugirimana Pierrot L. , Bahizire Esto , Akilimali Pierre Z. , Boy Erick , Green Tim J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIron biofortified beans and carotenoid enriched cassava are proposed as a solution to combat iron and vitamin A deficiencies, respectively, in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). To inform the need for biofortified foods we conducted a survey in 2014, in two provinces of the DRC, South Kivu and Kongo Central. Unexpectedly, women of reproductive age (WRA; 15-49 y) and their children (6-59 m) had a low prevalence of biochemical iron and vitamin A deficiency, based on ferritin and retinol binding protein, respectively. However, to better understand the lack of biochemical deficiency of these nutrients we examined the prevalence of inadequate intake for these and other select nutrients. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour recalls (with repeats) among 744 mother-child dyads. In WRA the prevalence of inadequate iron intakes was 32% (10% bioavailability). The prevalence of inadequate vitamin A intakes was low in South Kivu (18%) and negligible in Kongo Central (1%). The prevalence of inadequate iron intake was 74% in infants (6-11 m) and ~22% in the older children (12-59 months). There was a high prevalence of inadequate zinc intake in women and children (i.e. 83% WRA) consistent with our findings of a high prevalence of low serum zinc in the same sample. Dietary data here corroborate the low prevalence of biochemical vitamin A deficiency but not iron. However, any change to the supply of red palm oil would dramatically reduce population vitamin A intakes, thus a carotenoid enriched cassava program may be beneficial as a safety net measure. Additionally, iron biofortified beans may be warranted given the high rates of dietary inadequacy and uncertainty around the validity of iron biomarkers. Crops biofortified with zinc also appear warranted. We caution that our findings cannot be extrapolated to the entire Congo where diverse agro-ecological landscape exist or when political and environmental shocks occur which challenge food production.