bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraining the Early History of Mercury and Its Core Dynamo by Studying the Crustal Magnetic Field
Authors: Oliveira Joana S. , Hood Lon L. , Langlais Benoit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLow‐altitude magnetic field data acquired by MESSENGER (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging) over a small portion of Mercury's surface revealed weak crustal magnetic field signatures. Here we study the crustal magnetic anomalies associated with impact craters on Mercury. We assume that the sources of these anomalies consist of impact melt, enriched in impactor iron. We assume that the subsurfaces of Mercury's impact craters have cooled in the presence of a constant global magnetic field, thus becoming thermoremanently magnetized. We invert for the crustal magnetization direction within five craters using a unidirectional magnetization model which assumes that the melt impact rocks recorded the constant core magnetic field present when the crater was formed and that the crater's magnetization has not been altered since its formation. From the best fitting magnetization direction we then obtain the corresponding north magnetic paleopole position assuming a centered core dipolar field. Results show that all five magnetic paleopoles lie in the southern hemisphere but are not required to be located near the present‐day magnetic pole, which lies near the south geographic pole. Accounting for the uncertainties, we show that our results all agree in a common small region that excludes the current magnetic pole. This strongly suggests that the dynamo has evolved with time. Our results represent valuable information for understanding the evolution of Mercury and emphasize the importance of including more anomaly analyses to complete and refine our conclusions.
Coherence of Microcystis species revealed through population genomics
Authors: Pérez-Carrascal Olga M , Terrat Yves , Giani Alessandra , Fortin Nathalie , Greer Charles W , Tromas Nicolas , Shapiro B Jesse 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Microcystis is a genus of freshwater cyanobacteria, which causes harmful blooms in ecosystems worldwide. Some Microcystis strains produce harmful toxins such as microcystin, impacting drinking water quality. Microcystis colony morphology, rather than genetic similarity, is often used to classify Microcystis into morphospecies. Yet colony morphology is a plastic trait, which can change depending on environmental and laboratory culture conditions, and is thus an inadequate criterion for species delineation. Furthermore, Microcystis populations are thought to disperse globally and constitute a homogeneous gene pool. However, this assertion is based on relatively incomplete characterization of Microcystis genomic diversity. To better understand these issues, we performed a population genomic analysis of 33 newly sequenced genomes mainly from Canada and Brazil. We identified 17 Microcystis clusters of genomic similarity, five of which correspond to monophyletic clades containing at least three newly sequenced genomes. Four out of these five clades match to named morphospecies. Notably, M. aeruginosa is paraphyletic, distributed across 12 genomic clusters, suggesting it is not a coherent species. A few clades of closely related isolates are specific to a unique geographic location, suggesting biogeographic structure over relatively short evolutionary time scales. Higher homologous recombination rates within than between clades further suggest that monophyletic groups might adhere to a Biological Species-like concept, in which barriers to gene flow maintain species distinctness. However, certain genes—including some involved in microcystin and micropeptin biosynthesis—are recombined between monophyletic groups in the same geographic location, suggesting local adaptation.
Role of p110a subunit of PI3-kinase in skeletal muscle mitochondrial homeostasis and metabolism
Authors: Li Mengyao Ella , Lauritzen Hans P. M. M. , O’Neill Brian T. , Wang Chih-Hao , Cai Weikang , Brandao Bruna B. , Sakaguchi Masaji , Tao Rongya , Hirshman Michael F. , Softic Samir , Kahn C. Ronald 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSkeletal muscle insulin resistance, decreased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation and altered mitochondrial function are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. To determine the relationship between these abnormalities, we created mice with muscle-specific knockout of the p110α or p110β catalytic subunits of PI3K. We find that mice with muscle-specific knockout of p110α, but not p110β, display impaired insulin signaling and reduced muscle size due to enhanced proteasomal and autophagic activity. Despite insulin resistance and muscle atrophy, M-p110αKO mice show decreased serum myostatin, increased mitochondrial mass, increased mitochondrial fusion, and increased PGC1α expression, especially PCG1α2 and PCG1α3. This leads to enhanced mitochondrial oxidative capacity, increased muscle NADH content, and higher muscle free radical release measured in vivo using pMitoTimer reporter. Thus, p110α is the dominant catalytic isoform of PI3K in muscle in control of insulin sensitivity and muscle mass, and has a unique role in mitochondrial homeostasis in skeletal muscle.
Wireless organic electronic ion pumps driven by photovoltaics
Authors: Jakešová Marie , Sjöström Theresia Arbring , Đerek Vedran , Poxson David , Berggren Magnus , Głowacki Eric Daniel , Simon Daniel T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) is an emerging bioelectronic technology for on-demand and local delivery of pharmacologically active species, especially targeting alkali ions, and neurotransmitters. While electrical control is advantageous for providing precise spatial, temporal, and quantitative delivery, traditionally, it necessitates wiring. This complicates implantation. Herein, we demonstrate integration of an OEIP with a photovoltaic driver on a flexible carrier, which can be addressed by red light within the tissue transparency window. Organic thin-film bilayer photovoltaic pixels are arranged in series and/or vertical tandem to provide the 2.5–4.5 V necessary for operating the high-resistance electrophoretic ion pumps. We demonstrate light-stimulated transport of cations, ranging in size from protons to acetylcholine. The device, laminated on top of the skin, can easily be driven with a red LED emitting through a 1.5-cm-thick finger. The end result of our work is a thin and flexible integrated wireless device platform.
Localisation of weakly interacting bosons in two dimensions: disorder vs lattice geometry effects
Authors: González-García Luis A. , Caballero-Benítez Santiago F. , Paredes Rosario 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe investigate the effects of disorder and lattice geometry against localisation phenomena in a weakly interacting ultracold bosonic gas confined in a 2D optical lattice. The behaviour of the quantum fluid is studied at the mean-field level performing computational experiments, as a function of disorder strength for lattices of sizes similar to current experiments. Quantification of localisation, away from the Bose glass phase, was obtained directly from the stationary density profiles through a robust statistical analysis of the condensate component, as a function of the disorder amplitude. Our results show a smooth transition, or crossover, to localisation induced by disorder in square and triangular lattices. In contrast, associated to its larger tunneling amplitude, honeycomb lattices show absence of localisation for the same range of disorder strengths and same lattice amplitude, while also exhibiting partial localisation for large disorder amplitudes. We also conclude that the coordination number z have a partial influence on how fast this smooth transition occurs as the system size increases. Signatures of disorder are also found in the ground state energy spectrum, where a continuous distribution emerges instead of a distribution of sharp peaks proper to the system in the absence of disorder.
Increase in the oxygen stable isotopic composition of water in wine with low ethanol yield
Authors: Akamatsu Fumikazu , Shimizu Hideaki , Kamada Aya , Igi Yukari , Fujii Tsutomu , Goto-Yamamoto Nami 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe stable isotopic composition of oxygen (δ18O) in wine is often analysed to determine the geographic origin of the wine and the amount of water dilution. However, little is known regarding the effects of two major winemaking techniques (the addition of acid (acidification) and sugar (chaptalization)) on theδ18O value of water in wine. Here we show that acidification and chaptalization have minor direct effects on theδ18O value but indirect effects based on the ethanol yield, which causes isotopic variation of up to 0.6‰. During fermentation,δ18O values increase at low ethanol yields, suggesting that yeast release water with a highδ18O value into wine when consuming sugars. Additionally, the ethanol yield is negatively correlated with the consumption of amino acids by the yeast, indicating that yeast growth decreases the ethanol yield. We therefore identify ethanol yield, which is decreased by the consumption of sugars by yeast for non-alcohol-fermentation processes as a potential factor leading to variations in theδ18O value of water during the winemaking process.
Individual differences in the effect of menstrual cycle on basal ganglia inhibitory control
Authors: Hidalgo-Lopez Esmeralda , Pletzer Belinda 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBasal ganglia (BG) are involved in inhibitory control (IC) and known to change in structure and activation along the menstrual cycle. Therefore, we investigated BG activation and connectivity patterns related to IC during different cycle phases. Thirty-six naturally cycling women were scanned three times performing a Stop Signal Task and hormonal levels analysed from saliva samples. We found an impaired Stop signal reaction time (SSRT) during pre-ovulatory compared to menses the higher the baseline IC of women. Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD)-response in bilateral putamen significantly decreased during the luteal phase. Connectivity strength from the left putamen displayed an interactive effect of cycle and IC. During pre-ovulatory the connectivity with anterior cingulate cortex and left inferior parietal lobe was significantly stronger the higher the IC, and during luteal with left supplementary motor area. Right putamen’s activation and left hemisphere’s connectivity predicted the SSRT across participants. Therefore, we propose a compensatory mechanism for the hormonal changes across the menstrual cycle based on a lateralized pattern.
MicroRNA-191-5p diminished sepsis-induced acute kidney injury through targeting oxidative stress responsive 1 in rat models
Authors: Qin Yi , Wang Guizhen , Peng Zhiyong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
There is no effective treatment for septic acute kidney injury (AKI), which is considered a major public health concern in today’s world. Here, we studied the functions of miR-191-5p in septic AKI. MiR-191-5p mimic or mimic control was injected into rats from caudal vein before cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery. Part of kidney tissues was stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) for histological examination. The levels of serum cytokines were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For cell transfection, renal cells were isolated from the kidneys of CLP rat model injected with mimic control and miR-191-5p mimic. With TargetScan prediction, serine/threonine-protein kinase OSR1 was identified as a target of miR-191-5p. Oxidative stress responsive 1 (OXSR1) overexpression vector was transfected into renal cells. Cell viability and apoptosis rate were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry, respectively. We additionally measured the phosphorylation levels of p38 and p65. We found that the injection of miR-191-5p mimic could observably inhibit renal injury scores, and inhibit inflammatory cytokine productions and apoptotic protein levels in septic rats. After being transfected with OXSR1, the apoptosis rates and expressions of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), down-regulated Bax and Cleaved caspase-3 (C caspase-3) indicated overexpressed OXSR1 contributed to cell apoptosis. The up-regulated protein levels of p-p38 and p-p65 may suggest the involvement of p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in the functions of OXSR1. Our results showed that the protective effects of miR-191-5p on kidney tissues of septic rats may rely on the repression of OXSR1.
Dual circularly polarised travelling wave slot antenna array
Authors: Chaudhuri Sumantra , Kshetrimayum Rakhesh Singh , Sonkar Ramesh Kumar , Mishra Mohit 
Published: July 2019

A series‐fed dual circularly polarised planar slot antenna array is presented. The radiating slots of the antenna are located on the ground plane and are excited by means of a ring‐shaped microstrip line comprising of rectangular sections. A metallic reflector lies underneath the feed network separated by an air‐layer to augment the gain of the antenna. The parameters of a fabricated prototype are measured for validation. Based on the measured data, the antenna is found to have an impedance bandwidth of 1189 MHz which is 18.46% of the centre frequency . Also, the axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is 880 MHz centred at . The inter‐port isolation ranges from 25 to 45 dB and the gain ranges from 8.2 to 9.5 dBic within the AR band. The antenna exhibits beam scanning capability and is therefore suitable for various applications like satellite communication, radiometry and polarimetry.
GaN‐based split phase transformer‐less PV inverter with auxiliary ZVT circuit
Authors: Xia Yinglai , Roy Jinia , Ayyanar Raja 
Published: July 2019

This paper explores performance enhancement of the common ground dynamic dc‐link (CGDL) inverter for single phase photovoltaic (PV) applications by a combination of gallium nitride (GaN) devices, split phase topology, coupled inductors, and zero voltage transition (ZVT) scheme. The CGDL inverter has the inherent advantage of minimised dc‐link capacitance and negligible leakage current due to the common ground configuration, but its reported efficiency was usually lower because of the higher dc‐link voltage used for the reduction of decoupling capacitance to a great extent. To solve the efficiency problem, in this study, a soft switching circuit is proposed for the first stage, while a coupled inductor integrated magnetics is incorporated in the second stage to reduce inductor loss, volume, and cost. Both of these topological improvements combined with the use of GaN devices facilitate in achieving high efficiency without compromising converter power density. Extensive experimental results are provided from a GaN based 1 kVA hardware prototype to demonstrate the superior performance of the CGDL inverter attaining a peak efficiency of 98.7% and a California Energy Commission efficiency of 98.5% at 75/50 kHz switching frequency.
Fundamental transverse vibrations of the active region solar corona
Authors: Luna M. , Oliver R. , Antolin P. , Arregui I. 
Published: July 2019

Context. Some high-resolution observations have revealed that the active region solar corona is filled with a myriad of thin strands even in apparently uniform regions with no resolved loops. This fine structure can host collective oscillations involving a large portion of the corona due to the coupling of the motions of the neighbouring strands.
Aims. We study these vibrations and the possible observational effects.
Methods. We theoretically investigated the collective oscillations inherent to the fine structure of the corona. We have called them fundamental vibrations because they cannot exist in a uniform medium. We used the T-matrix technique to find the normal modes of random arrangements of parallel strands. We considered an increasing number of tubes to understand the vibrations of a huge number of tubes of a large portion of the corona. We additionally generated synthetic time-distance Doppler and line-broadening diagrams of the vibrations of a coronal region to compare with observations.
Results. We have found that the fundamental vibrations are in the form of clusters of tubes where not all the tubes participate in the collective mode. The periods are distributed over a wide band of values. The width of the band increases with the number of strands but rapidly reaches an approximately constant value. We have found an analytic approximate expression for the minimum and maximum periods of the band. The frequency band associated with the fine structure of the corona depends on the minimum separation between strands. We have found that the coupling between the strands is on a large extent and the motion of one strand is influenced by the motions of distant tubes. The synthetic Dopplergrams and line-broadening maps show signatures of collective vibrations, not present in the case of purely random individual kink vibrations.
Conclusions. We conclude that the fundamental vibrations of the corona can contribute to the energy budget of the corona and they may have an observational signature.
De l’expérience de la grossesse chez des femmes ayant souffert de troubles des conduites alimentaires : une étude qualitative
Authors: Nicolas Isabelle , Picard Ada , Lamas Claire , Corcos Maurice 
Published: July 2019

Les femmes enceintes souffrant de troubles des conduites alimentaires (TCA) ont le plus souvent une régression des symptômes pendant la grossesse, mais avec une aggravation fréquente dans le post-partum, ce qui ne sera pas sans effet sur la rencontre avec le bébé à venir.L’objectif de cette étude a été d’évaluer l’expérience de la grossesse chez des femmes concernées par un trouble des conduites alimentaires (TCA) afin de mieux déceler les enjeux subjectifs que ces femmes identifient à cette période, en la comparant à celle de femmes n’ayant pas de TCA. 21 femmes enceintes, dont 11 concernées par un TCA actuel ou ancien, et 10 issues d’un groupe contrôle, ont été évaluées à partir d’un entretien semi structuré abordant leurs représentations de la grossesse en cours, l’évolution des relations affectives, et la perception des modifications corporelles. Les entretiens ont fait l’objet d’une analyse qualitative sur une base phénoménologique.Dans notre étude la grossesse est plus déstabilisante dans le groupe TCA, les patientes de ce groupe ayant une meilleure capacité de verbalisation, mais avec une charge émotionnelle intense associée à un besoin de contrôle.On observe ainsi un double mouvement de fragilisation et d’actualisation des conflits psychiques, ce qui nous amène à faire l’hypothèse qu’elles pourraient être à la fois plus fragiles et plus accessibles aux soins, étant donné qu’elles gèrent moins leurs angoisses en convoquant le symptôme alimentaire.
Entre psychiatrie et radicalisation : une relation prudente et attentive
Authors: David Michel 
Published: July 2019

La radicalisation met les sociétés démocratiques au défi de ne pas s’identifier à l’agresseur. La psychiatrie est interpellée en milieu libre ou en prison pour répondre à des situations qu’elle considère comme relevant rarement de sa compétence.
Face à la radicalisation extrême avec sa violence dévastatrice, la psychiatrie doit s’en tenir à sa mission thérapeutique dans le respect des principes fondamentaux comme le secret médical et l’indépendance professionnelle, sans pour autant se tenir en retrait de la société. Un arsenal clinique, thérapeutique, éthique, organisationnel et juridique permet une intervention et un signalement lorsqu’une situation potentiellement dangereuse est repérée. Le risque le plus grand consisterait à abolir la sécurité et la pertinence d’un contexte soignant au détriment de tous du fait d’une minorité en donnant l’impression de céder à une panique qui ne pourrait que ravir ceux qui s’opposent aux principes démocratiques. Si l’opinion publique, à laquelle semble s’identifier le pouvoir politique, considère que les actes terroristes et notamment « suicidaires » ne peuvent être que le stigmate de la folie, les psychiatres identifient peu de malades mentaux parmi les personnes dites radicalisées. La psychiatrie, et notamment la pédopsychiatrie, interviendra, comme pour tout autre patient, de manière adaptée et proportionnée, continuant la réflexion soutenue, mais discrète engagée par le Syndicat des Psychiatres des Hôpitaux (SPH), l’Association des Secteurs de Psychiatrie en Milieu Pénitentiaire (ASPMP) et la Fédération Française de Psychiatrie (FFP) depuis des années conformément à la phronesis aristotélicienne définie comme de la prudence.
Individuelle und multiprofessionelle Prävention und
Therapie
Authors: Blumenrode Stefan 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungWelche Möglichkeiten gibt es, um ein Delir nicht-medikamentös zu behandeln oder
sogar zu verhindern? Wesentlich für eine wirkungsvolle Delirprophylaxe ist, die
individuellen Risikofaktoren zu erheben und einzuschätzen. Darauf aufbauend kann
dann ein multiprofessioneller Therapieansatz erarbeitet werden.
Unzureichende Versorgung gefährdet Inklusion von Kindern mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1
Authors: Heinrich Michaela , Boß Karina , Wendenburg Jutta , Hilgard Dörte , von Sengbusch Simone , Kapellen Thomas Michael 
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Inklusion von Kindern mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 in Bildungseinrichtungen bedarf einer Umsetzung des Insulinmanagements auch außer Haus. Dafür benötigen Kinder bis zum 12. Lebensjahr altersabhängige Unterstützung.
Methoden Bundesweite Onlinebefragung von Eltern von an insulinpflichtigem Diabetes erkrankten Kindern, die einen Kindergarten oder die Schule besuchen, bezüglich Betreuungssituation, Teilhabeleistungen, Teilhabeeinschränkungen sowie Auswirkungen auf die berufliche Tätigkeit der Eltern.
Ergebnisse Es konnten Daten von 1189 Teilnehmer/-innen aus allen Bundesländern, deren Kinder sich zu 32,1 % im elementaren Bildungsbereich, zu 48,8 % im primären und zu 19,1 % im sekundären Bildungsbereich befanden, ausgewertet werden. Zur Sicherstellung der Versorgung wurden teilweise in allen Bildungsbereichen Teilhabekräfte bzw. ambulante Pflegedienste eingesetzt. Dafür wurden nicht alle beantragten Leistungen bewilligt. Kinder mit Diabetes konnten nicht immer an Kindergartenfahrten (14,6 %) oder Klassenfahrten (bis zu 23,6 %) teilnehmen. Arbeitszeitreduktion zum Schließen der Versorgungslücke gaben 53,1–72,3 % der Eltern je nach Bildungsbereich des Kindes an. Bei bis zu 27 % musste ein Elternteil seine Arbeit ganz aufgeben. Fast doppelt so viele Kinder wie in der Allgemeinbevölkerung (8,1 % in der Grundschule) besuchten nicht die Regelschule.
Schlussfolgerung Kinder mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 werden aufgrund der unzureichenden Versorgung im nichthäuslichen Umfeld häufiger vom Regelschulbesuch oder von schulischen Aktivitäten ausgeschlossen. Mehr als die Hälfte der Eltern reduziert aus den gleichen Gründen ihre Arbeitszeit. Um das Recht dieser Kinder auf uneingeschränkte Teilhabe umzusetzen, bedarf es aus Sicht der AG Inklusion zusätzlicher sowie institutionseigener Inklusionskräfte.
Cofactor-Independent Antiphospholipid Antibodies: Implications for Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Lackner Karl J. , Müller-Calleja Nadine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) has occupied haemostaseologists, rheumatologists and obstetricians since its initial description 35 years ago. Its name has been coined because of the antibodies against phospholipids which were the common property of affected patients. In particular, the pathogenesis of APS has been intensively studied after the early discovery that it was possible to induce the clinical manifestations in animals by transfer of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). In recent years, it has become clear that aPL are not only structurally heterogeneous but also have different pathogenic properties. This review will focus on the relevance of antigenic specificity of aPL in terms of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and perhaps treatment of APS.