bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracranial administration of the G‐protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 antagonist, G‐15, selectively affects dimorphic characteristics of the song system in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: Tehrani Mahtab Attarhaie , Veney Sean L. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTIn zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), estradiol contributes to sexual differentiation of the song system but the receptor(s) underlying its action are not exactly known. Whereas mRNA and/or protein for nuclear estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ are minimally expressed, G‐protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) has a much greater distribution within neural song regions and the syrinx. At present, however, it is unclear if this receptor contributes to dimorphic development of the song system. To test this, the specific GPER1 antagonist, G‐15, was intracranially administered to zebra finches for 25 days beginning on the day of hatching. In males, G‐15 significantly decreased nuclear volumes of HVC and Area X. It also decreased the muscle fiber sizes of ventralis and dorsalis in the syrinx. In females, G‐15 had no effect on measures within the brain, but did increase fiber sizes of both muscle groups. In sum, these data suggest that GPER1 can have selective and opposing influences on dimorphisms within the song system, but since not all features were affected additional factors are likely involved. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2018
Moderate patchiness optimizes heterogeneity, stability, and beta diversity in mesic grassland
Authors: McGranahan Devan Allen , Hovick Torre J. , Elmore Robert Dwayne , Engle David M. , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHeterogeneous disturbance patterns are fundamental to rangeland conservation and management because heterogeneity creates patchy vegetation, broadens niche availability, increases compositional dissimilarity, and enhances temporal stability of aboveground biomass production. Pyrodiversity is a popular concept for how variability in fire as an ecological disturbance can enhance heterogeneity, but mechanistic understanding of factors that drive heterogeneity is lacking. Mesic grasslands are examples of ecosystems in which pyrodiversity is linked strongly to broad ecological processes such as trophic interactions because grazers are attracted to recently burned areas, creating a unique ecological disturbance referred to as the fire–grazing interaction, or pyric herbivory. But several questions about the application of pyric herbivory remain: What proportion of a grazed landscape must burn, or how many patches are required, to create sufficient spatial heterogeneity and reduce temporal variability? How frequently should patches burn? Does season of fire matter? To bring theory into applied practice, we studied a gradient of grazed tallgrass prairie landscapes created by different sizes, seasons, and frequencies of fire, and used analyses sensitive to nonlinear trends. The greatest spatial heterogeneity and lowest temporal variability in aboveground plant biomass, and greatest plant functional group beta diversity, occurred in landscapes with three to four patches (25%–33% of area burned) and three‐ to four‐year fire return intervals. Beta diversity had a positive association with spatial heterogeneity and negative relationship with temporal variability. Rather than prescribing that these results constitute best management practices, we emphasize the flexibility offered by interactions between patch number and fire frequency for matching rangeland productivity and offtake to specific management goals. As we observed no differences across season of fire, we recommend future research focus on fire frequency within a moderate proportion of the landscape burned, and consider a wider seasonal burn window.
Excitation of Ferromagnetic Resonance Using Surface Acoustic Waves
Authors: NOZAKI YUKIO , YANAGISAWA SHOGO 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYMechanical rotation of a crystal lattice in ferromagnetic materials can be energetically coupled with its magnetization via magnetoelastic coupling or spin rotation coupling. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) in piezoelectric materials is one of the promising candidates to realize the mechanical excitation of magnetization dynamics. In order to understand the mechanical rotation induced magnetization dynamics quantitatively, we examined the ferromagnetic resonance in an Ni film using a SAW in a LiNbO3 substrate. By decreasing a period of interdigital transducer as short as 4 μm which is one‐fifth of the previous work by Weiler [M. Weiler and co‐workers, Elastically driven ferromagnetic resonance in Nickel thin films. Phys Rev Lett 106, 117601 (2011)], the fundamental frequency of SAW could be higher than 800 MHz. From the dependence of microwave absorption on the angle between the magnetization and the wave vector of SAW, it was confirmed that the Rayleigh type SAW, which was significant to obtain a large mechanical coupling with the magnetization, was dominantly excited in the 800‐MHz‐SAW device.
Incidence, predictors and clinical management of hyperkalaemia in new users of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
Authors: Trevisan Marco , de Deco Pietro , Xu Hairong , Evans Marie , Lindholm Bengt , Bellocco Rino , Barany Peter , Jernberg Tomas , Lund Lars H. , Carrero Juan J. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundConcerns for hyperkalaemia limit the use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs). The frequency of MRA‐associated hyperkalaemia in real‐world settings and the extent of subsequent MRA discontinuation are poorly quantified.Methods and resultsObservational study including all Stockholm citizens initiating MRA therapy during 2007–2010. Hyperkalaemias were identified from all potassium (K+) measurements in healthcare. MRA treatment lengths and dosages were obtained from complete collection of pharmacy dispensations. We assessed the 1‐year incidence and clinical hyperkalaemia predictors, and quantified drug prescription changes after an episode of hyperkalaemia. Overall, 13 726 new users of MRA were included, with median age of 73 years, 53% women and median plasma K+ of 3.9 mmol/L. Within a year, 18.5% experienced at least one detected hyperkalaemia (K+ > 5.0 mmol/L), the majority within the first 3 months of therapy. As a comparison, hyperkalaemia was detected in 6.4% of propensity‐matched new beta‐blocker users. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), older age, male sex, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes and concomitant use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta‐blockers and diuretics were associated with increased hyperkalaemia risk. After hyperkalaemia, 47% discontinued MRA and only 10% reduced the prescribed dose. Discontinuation rates were higher after moderate/severe (K+ > 5.5 mmol/L) and early in therapy (<3 months from initiation) hyperkalaemias. CKD participants carried the highest risk of MRA discontinuation in adjusted analyses. When MRA was discontinued, most patients (76%) were not reintroduced to therapy during the subsequent year.ConclusionAmong real‐world adults initiating MRA therapy, hyperkalaemia was very common and frequently followed by therapy interruption, especially among participants with CKD.
IL13Rα2 expression identifies tissue‐resident IL‐22‐producing PLZF+ innate T cells in the human liver
Authors: Paquin‐Proulx Dominic , Greenspun Benjamin C. , Pasquet Lise , Strunz Benedikt , Aleman Soo , Falconer Karolin , Terabe Masaki , Berzofsky Jay A. , Sandberg Johan K. , Melum Espen , Nixon Douglas F. , Björkström Niklas K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInnate lymphocytes are selectively enriched in the liver where they have important roles in liver immunology. Murine studies have shown that type I NKT cells can promote liver inflammation, whereas type II NKT cells have an anti‐inflammatory role. In humans, type II NKT cells were found to accumulate in the gut during inflammation and IL13Rα2 was proposed as a marker for these cells. In the human liver, less is known about type I and II NKT cells. Here, we studied the phenotype and function of human liver T cells expressing IL13Rα2. We found that IL13Rα2 was expressed by around 1% of liver‐resident memory T cells but not on circulating T cells. In support of their innate‐like T‐cell character, the IL13Rα2+ T cells had higher expression of promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger (PLZF) compared to IL13Rα2− T cells and possessed the capacity to produce IL‐22. However, only a minority of human liver sulfatide‐reactive type II NKT cells expressed IL13Rα2. Collectively, these findings suggest that IL13Rα2 identifies tissue‐resident intrahepatic T cells with innate characteristics and the capacity to produce IL‐22.
Analgesic consumption trajectories in 8975 patients 1 year after fast‐track total hip or knee arthroplasty
Authors: Jørgensen C.C. , Petersen M. , Kehlet H. , Aasvang E.K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundPersistent or increased long‐term opioid consumption has previously been described following total hip‐ (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, detailed information on postoperative analgesic consumption trajectories and risk factors associated with continued need of analgesics in fast‐track THA and TKA is sparse.MethodsThis is a descriptive multicentre study in primary unilateral fast‐track THA or TKA with prospective data on patient characteristics and information on reimbursement entitled dispensed prescriptions of paracetamol, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, opioids, anticonvulsants and antidepressants 1 month preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. Patients were stratified according to preoperative opioid use. Postoperative analgesic consumption trajectories were stratified as increased, decreased or no use compared to the preoperative period.ResultsOf 8975 patients (4849 THA/4126 TKA), 33.9% had relevant reimbursed prescriptions 9–12 months postoperatively. Of 2136 (23.8%) patients with preoperative opioid use, 3.4% had unchanged opioid consumption at 9–12 months postoperatively. However, increased opioid consumption after 9–12 months occurred in 17.6 (TKA) and 10.2% (THA) compared to 9.9 and 6.3% in opioid‐naive TKA and THA patients, respectively. Increased NSAID and paracetamol use was seen in 11.5 and 12.4% of all patients. Preoperative analgesic use (any), TKA, psychiatric disorder, tobacco abuse, cardiac disease and use of walking aids were associated with increased opioid consumption.ConclusionContinued and increased opioid and other analgesic use occur in a clinically significant proportion of fast‐track TKA and THA patients 9–12 months postoperatively, suggesting treatment failure and need for early intervention. Preoperative risk assessment may allow identification of patients in risk of increased postoperative opioid consumption.SignificanceWe found a considerable fraction of patients with continued or increased opioid consumption 9–12 months after fast‐track THA and TKA. Increase in opioid consumption was more frequent in preoperative opioid users than opioid‐naive patients, but a pattern of increased analgesic consumption was present across all analgesics. Our data demonstrate a need for increased focus on long‐term analgesic strategies and postoperative follow‐up after THA and TKA, especially in preoperative opioid users.
Collective narcissism and the growth of conspiracy thinking over the course of the 2016 United States presidential election: A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Golec de Zavala Agnieszka , Federico Christopher M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUsing data from a longitudinal study of American adults collected between July and November 2016, we examine the hypothesis that American collective narcissism (CN) would uniquely predict increases in conspiracy thinking during the 2016 presidential campaign. Going beyond previous findings, our results indicate that CN (but not in‐group identification) predicted growth in general conspiracy thinking—that is, a tendency to view political events in terms of group‐based conspiracies—over the course of the 2016 US presidential campaign. This relationship is found even after accounting for other predictors such as demographics, political knowledge, social trust, authoritarianism, and need for cognitive closure.
Selective cooperation with untrusted relays for physical‐layer security in wireless multipair two‐way relaying networks
Authors: Zhao Tantan , Li Guobing , Lyu Gangming , Zhang Guomei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the selective cooperation with untrusted relays is studied for wireless multipair two‐way relay networks. We first investigate the feasibility of secure transmission in the presence of cooperative but untrusted relays and then formulate a general optimization problem of secrecy sum‐rate maximization under the constraints of relay selection. By decomposing the original problem into solvable subproblems, we develop a low‐complexity greedy algorithm for selective cooperation, in which the untrusted relays are selected as cooperators or the potential eavesdroppers according to the overall contributions to the secrecy sum rate. Simulation results reveal that the proposed greedy algorithm for selective cooperation with untrusted relays achieves performance gain both in instantaneous and average secrecy sum rate and that the algorithm can converge quickly with the iterations.
3D heat transfer modeling and parametric study of a human body wearing thermal protective clothing exposed to flash fire
Authors: Tian Miao , Li Jun 
Published: April 2018

SummaryUnderstanding the heat transfer mechanism through a clothed man system in extreme environments is of great significance for human thermal protection. Three‐dimensional heat transfer models were developed based on the computational fluid dynamics considering a real‐shape human body in this study. The influences of air gap width, clothing thickness, and emissivity on the heat transfer within a dressed manikin exposed to flash fire were investigated. Simulated results indicated that the heat transfer in the air space was more complicated on the garment level than the fabric, because of the varying relative positions between different body segments and the heat source, as well as the ventilation openings. Increasing the fabric thickness was an effective method to reduce the transferred energy, which could remarkably lower the skin temperature. Decreasing both of the surface and backside emissivity from 0.9 to 0.3 could increase the protective performance, where surface emissivity reduction was recommended since the decrease of clothing temperature could minimize the risks of fabric degradation. The purpose of assuming the uniform air gap was to perform the parametric study, which was unrealistic indeed. The model with real clothing shape will be developed and investigated in the near future.
Advanced MR diffusion imaging and chemotherapy‐related changes in cerebral white matter microstructure of survivors of childhood bone and soft tissue sarcoma?
Authors: Sleurs Charlotte , Lemiere Jurgen , Christiaens Daan , Billiet Thibo , Peeters Ronald , Sunaert Stefan , Uyttebroeck Anne , Deprez Sabine 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWith the increase of survival rates of pediatric cancer patients, the number of children facing potential cognitive sequelae has grown. Previous adult studies suggest that white matter (WM) microstructural changes may contribute to cognitive impairment. This study aims to investigate WM microstructure in childhood bone and soft tissue sarcoma. Differences in (micro‐)structure can be investigated using diffusion MRI (dMRI). The typically used diffusion tensor model (DTI) assumes Gaussian diffusion, and lacks information about fiber populations. In this study, we compare WM structure of childhood bone and soft tissue sarcoma survivors (n = 34) and matched controls (n = 34), combining typical and advanced voxel‐based models (DTI and NODDI model, respectively), as well as recently developed fixel‐based models (for estimations of intra‐voxel differences, apparent fiber density [AFD] and fiber cross‐section [FC]). Parameters with significant findings were compared between treatments, and correlated with subscales of the WAIS‐IV intelligence test, age at diagnosis, age at assessment and time since diagnosis. We encountered extensive regions showing lower fractional anisotropy, overlapping with both significant NODDI parameters and fixel‐based parameters. In contrast to these diffuse differences, the fixel‐based measure of AFD was reduced in the cingulum and corpus callosum only. Furthermore, AFD of the corpus callosum was significantly predicted by chemotherapy treatment and correlated positively with time since diagnosis, visual puzzles and similarities task scores. This study suggests altered WM structure of childhood bone and soft tissue sarcoma survivors. We conclude global chemotherapy‐related changes, with particular vulnerability of centrally located WM bundles. Finally, such differences could potentially recover after treatment.
The development of funding recommendations for health technologies at the state level: A South Australian case study
Authors: Lambert Robyn , Carter Drew , Burgess Naomi , Haji Ali Afzali Hossein 
Published: April 2018

SummaryObjectivesState governments often face capped budgets that can restrict expenditure on health technologies and their evaluation, yet many technologies are introduced to practice through state‐funded institutions such as hospitals, rather than through national evaluation mechanisms. This research aimed to identify the criteria, evidence, and standards used by South Australian committee members to recommend funding for high‐cost health technologies.MethodsWe undertook 8 semi‐structured interviews and 2 meeting observations with members of state‐wide committees that have a mandate to consider the safety, effectiveness, and cost‐effectiveness of high‐cost health technologies.ResultsSafety and effectiveness were fundamental criteria for decision makers, who were also concerned with increasing consistency in care and equitable access to technologies. Committee members often consider evidence that is limited in quantity and quality; however, they perceive evaluations to be rigorous and sufficient for decision making. Precise standards for safety, effective, and cost‐effectiveness could not be identified.ConclusionsConsideration of new technologies at the state level is grounded in the desire to improve health outcomes and equity of access for patients. High quality evidence is often limited. The impact funding decisions have on population health is unclear due to limited use of cost‐effectiveness analysis and unclear cost‐effectiveness standards.
Antiphospholipid syndrome characteristics and adverse pregnancy outcomes after 20 weeks of pregnancy
Authors: Gabbay‐Benziv Rinat , Zafrir‐Danieli Hadas , Blickstein Dorit , Shmueli Anat , Salman Lina , Hadar Eran 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess outcomes after 20 weeks of pregnancy according to autoantibody profile and clinical presentation of maternal antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).MethodsThe present retrospective cohort analysis included women diagnosed with APS at a tertiary medical center in Israel between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2016. Anticardiolipin antibodies, anti‐β2‐glycoprotein antibodies, and lupus anticoagulant were assessed. Participants were stratified by type of APS (obstetric vs thrombotic), antibody profile, and antibody titer (low vs high). Primary composite outcomes were rated as severe (stillbirth, fetal growth restriction at <34 weeks, severe pre‐eclampsia, or delivery at <32 weeks) and mild (stillbirth, any fetal growth restriction, any pre‐eclampsia, or delivery at <34 weeks).ResultsA total of 99 women were included in the analysis. The primary composite outcomes were similar regardless of stratification. Lupus anticoagulant positivity was associated with delivery before 37 weeks. When compared with low antibody titer, high antibody titer was associated delivery at or before 32 weeks (P=0.045) and 34 weeks (P=0.029).ConclusionHigh antibody titer might be associated with an increased risk of severe prematurity among pregnant women with APS.
MiR‐490‐3p inhibits autophagy via targeting ATG7 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ou Yingliang , He Jiafa , Liu Yubin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe miR‐490‐3p was transfected into HepG2 cells to explore the correlation between miR‐490‐3p and hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy and its downstream target gene ATG7. Then we could possibly provide a mechanism for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. MiR‐490‐3p was screened out by fold change > 4 and P < 0.01 using gene microarray data. The expression level of miR‐490‐3p was tested by qRT‐PCR and the prognosis analysis was achieved by using TCGA data. The cell proliferation was tested via colony formation assay and CCK‐8 after the miR‐490‐3p mimics were transfected into HepG2 cells; the variations of cell cycle and apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry assay; the number of autophagosome was observed by electron microscopy and the changes of autophagy‐relative protein LC‐II and LC‐I as well as their ratio was tested by western blot. MiR‐490‐3p is low expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and tissues. The results of TCGA showed that miR‐490‐3p high expression indicated better prognosis. After HepG2 cells were transfected with miR‐490‐3p mimics, cell viability was increased, cell proliferation was enhanced, cell cycle was blocked in G0/G1 phase, cell apoptosis rate was increased, the number of autophagosomes was reduced, autophagy‐associated protein LC‐II was decreased, and LC‐I was increased and their ratio was decreased. After 3‐MA was added, cell proliferation was declined, cell apoptosis rate was increased. Besides, the autophagy was inhibited by knocking down the ATG7, which promoted the cell apoptosis. MiR‐490‐3p could suppress cell proliferation, retard cell cycle and upgrade cell apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy in HCC cells via targeting ATG7. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(6):468–478, 2018
Fabrication of superparamagnetic nanofibrous poly(l‐lactic acid)/γ‐Fe2O3 microspheres for cell carriers
Authors: Qu Moyuan , Xiao Wenqian , Tian Jiarong , Wang Song , Li Hong , Liu Xue , Yang Xiaoling , Li Bo , Liao Xiaoling 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNanofibrous poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) microspheres are extensively studied to be used as cell carriers in the field of tissue engineering because the unique structure can promote cell proliferation and migration. But as injectable scaffold materials, PLLA microspheres easily run off to the soft tissue space because of the lack of cohesive force. It will affect the treatment efficiency and even cause additional inflammatory response. In order to overcome this disadvantage, superparamagnetic γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles assisted with oxidative polymerization of dopamine were used for surface modification of PLLA microspheres in this study. The results showed that this surface modification had no obvious cytotoxicity, and the modified microspheres possessed the ability to carry seed cells to controllably move to the defect sites with the guidance of magnetic field, which may be able to increase the repair efficiency. Moreover, the characteristic nanofibrous structure was not destroyed after modification, which was able to promote biological activity of cells. This work provides a novel way to produce superparamagnetic nanofibrous microspheres designed for cell microcarriers. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 511–520, 2019.