bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the influence of refrigerant charge on performance of heat pump units
Authors: Yuqing Zhao , Yun Dai , Jianling Gao , Qingqing Liu 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Refrigerant charge can be determined by two methods, experiments or theoretical calculation. Experiments are usually carried out under the specific system and working condition, and the results are reliable. However, there have some problems, such as it needs a large amount of experimental work and the results are only suitable for specific systems and working conditions. The method of theoretical calculation to determine the refrigerant charge can be used in different systems and working conditions, but the reliability of the calculation results depends on the degree of coincidence between the void fraction coefficient model and the actual system. Especially for new refrigerants, the applicability of void fraction coefficient model needs further verification. In this paper, the optimum charge quantity of new refrigerant in the water source heat pump unit is studied by methods of experiment and SIMULINK simulation. The results show that the difference between simulation and experimental values is within 10%. The simulation method provides a reference for the optimization of refrigerant charge.
RETRACTED: Analysis and Evaluation of carrying Capacity of Dianchi Laoyu River Wetland Park
Authors: Ling Zhen , Xu Gu , Shan Xu 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Dianchi Laoyu river wetland park carrying capacity was analyzed and evaluated by the classification of wetlands tourism environmental carrying capacity and calculation model for the purpose of realize the sustainable development of the ecological environment and tourism industry of the Dianchi Laoyu river wetland park.The result shows that the minimum capacity of wetland park is 6975 people per day (2.546 million people per year).The minimum capacity is water environment capacity.The main factor of limiting carrying capacity of the wetland is the ecological environment carrying capacity.According to this limitation factor,the optimal strategy for the sustainable development of wetland park’s ecology and tourism is provided.
PINSPlus: a tool for tumor subtype discovery in integrated genomic data
Authors: Nguyen Hung , Shrestha Sangam , Draghici Sorin , Nguyen Tin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Summary
Since cancer is a heterogeneous disease, tumor subtyping is crucial for improved treatment and prognosis. We have developed a subtype discovery tool, called PINSPlus, that is: (i) robust against noise and unstable quantitative assays, (ii) able to integrate multiple types of omics data in a single analysis and (iii) dramatically superior to established approaches in identifying known subtypes and novel subgroups with significant survival differences. Our validation on 12,158 samples from 44 datasets shows that PINSPlus vastly outperforms other approaches. The software is easy-to-use and can partition hundreds of patients in a few minutes on a personal computer.

Availability and implementation
The package is available at https://cran.r-project.org/package=PINSPlus. Data and R script used in this manuscript are available at https://bioinformatics.cse.unr.edu/software/PINSPlus/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Preventing Bloodstream Infections and Death in Zambian Neonates: Impact of a Low-cost Infection Control Bundle
Authors: Mwananyanda Lawrence , Pierre Cassandra , Mwansa James , Cowden Carter , Localio A Russell , Kapasa Monica L , Machona Sylvia , Musyani Chileshe Lukwesa , Chilufya Moses M , Munanjala Gertrude , Lyondo Angela , Bates Matthew A , Coffin Susan E , Hamer Davidson H 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal mortality in low-resource settings. As facility-based births become more common, the proportion of neonatal deaths due to hospital-onset sepsis has increased.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study in a neonatal intensive care unit in Zambia where we implemented a multifaceted infection prevention and control (IPC) bundle consisting of IPC training, text message reminders, alcohol hand rub, enhanced environmental cleaning, and weekly bathing of babies ≥1.5 kg with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate. Hospital-associated sepsis, bloodstream infection (BSI), and mortality (>3 days after admission) outcome data were collected for 6 months prior to and 11 months after bundle implementation.

Results
Most enrolled neonates had a birth weight ≥1.5 kg (2131/2669 [79.8%]). Hospital-associated mortality was lower during the intervention than baseline period (18.0% vs 23.6%, respectively). Total mortality was lower in the intervention than prior periods. Half of enrolled neonates (50.4%) had suspected sepsis; 40.8% of cultures were positive. Most positive blood cultures yielded a pathogen (409/549 [74.5%]), predominantly Klebsiella pneumoniae (289/409 [70.1%]). The monthly rate and incidence density rate of suspected sepsis were lower in the intervention period for all birth weight categories, except babies weighing <1.0 kg. The rate of BSI with pathogen was also lower in the intervention than baseline period.

Conclusions
A simple IPC bundle can reduce sepsis and death in neonates hospitalized in high-risk, low-resource settings. Further research is needed to validate these findings in similar settings and to identify optimal implementation strategies for improvement and sustainability.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02386592.
Aging Alone, Gossiping Together: Older Adults’ Talk as Social Glue
Authors: Torres Stacy 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesWhile older adults living alone face challenges to maintaining social ties, elders in urban areas also have unique opportunities for daily socializing that can buffer against loneliness.MethodDrawing on 5 years of ethnographic fieldwork among elders in New York City, this study presents empirical insights into the development of supplementary neighborhood-based networks of support for older people living alone and vulnerable to isolation.ResultsThis study finds that elders who lived alone, without close kin, engaged in daily gossip about other older people they encountered as regulars in local eateries. Despite its negative reputation, gossip helped them connect and access less conventional social support close to home. The majority resisted formal organizations, such as churches or senior centers, and thus their interactions in public venues served as an important source of social involvement. In line with Gluckman’s argument (1963), gossip betrayed emotional intimacy and caretaking that connected people who could have fallen off the social radar.DiscussionHigher rates of divorce and lifelong singlehood, coupled with increased longevity, will compel greater numbers of older adults to construct alternative support networks. My findings suggest that more will draw these connections from unconventional venues such as neighborhood public places.
The Alzheimer’s comorbidity phenome: mining from a large patient database and phenome-driven genetics prediction
Authors: Zheng Chunlei , Xu Rong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder and has become a global public health problem. Intensive research has been conducted for AD. But the pathophysiology of AD is still not elucidated. Disease comorbidity often associates diseases with overlapping patterns of genetic markers. This may inform a common etiology and suggest essential protein targets. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) collects large-scale postmarketing surveillance data that provide a unique opportunity to investigate disease co-occurrence pattern. We aim to construct a heterogeneous network that integrates disease comorbidity network (DCN) from FAERS with protein–protein interaction (PPI) to prioritize the AD risk genes using network-based ranking algorithm.Materials and MethodsWe built a DCN based on indication data from FAERS using association rule mining. DCN was further integrated with PPI network. We used random walk with restart ranking algorithm to prioritize AD risk genes.ResultsWe evaluated the performance of our approach using AD risk genes curated from genetic association studies. Our approach achieved an area under a receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.770. Top 500 ranked genes achieved 5.53-fold enrichment for known AD risk genes as compared to random expectation. Pathway enrichment analysis using top-ranked genes revealed that two novel pathways, ERBB and coagulation pathways, might be involved in AD pathogenesis.ConclusionWe innovatively leveraged FAERS, a comprehensive data resource for FDA postmarket drug safety surveillance, for large-scale AD comorbidity mining. This exploratory study demonstrated the potential of disease-comorbidities mining from FAERS in AD genetics discovery.
Gaia Cepheid parallaxes and ‘Local Hole’ relieve H0 tension
Authors: Shanks T , Hogarth L M , Metcalfe N 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
There is an ≈9 ± 2.5 per cent tension between the value of Hubble’s Constant, H0 = 67.4 ± 0.5 km s−1 Mpc−1, implied by the Planck microwave background power spectrum and that given by the distance scale of H0 = 73.4 ± 1.7 km s−1Mpc−1. But with a plausible assumption about a Gaia DR2 parallax systematic offset, we find that Gaia parallax distances of Milky Way Cepheid calibrators are ≈12–15 per cent longer than previously estimated. Similarly, Gaia also implies ≈4.7 ± 1.7 per cent longer distances for 46 Cepheids than previous distances on the scale of Riess et al. Then we show that the existence of an ≈150 h−1Mpc ‘Local Hole’ in the galaxy distribution implies an outflow of ≈500 km s−1. Accounting for this in the recession velocities of SNIa standard candles out to z ≈ 0.15 reduces H0 by a further ≈1.8 per cent. Combining the above two results would reduce the distance scale H0 estimate by ≈7 per cent from H0 ≈ 73.4 ± 1.7 to ≈68.9 ± 1.6 km s−1Mpc−1, in reasonable agreement with the Planck value. We conclude that the discrepancy between distance scale and Planck H0 measurements remains unconfirmed due to uncertainties caused by Gaia systematics and an unexpectedly inhomogeneous local galaxy distribution.
Bezlotoxumab Is Associated With a Reduction in Cumulative Inpatient-Days: Analysis of the Hospitalization Data From the MODIFY I and II Clinical Trials
Authors: Basu Anirban , Prabhu Vimalanand S , Dorr Mary Beth , Golan Yoav , Dubberke Erik R , Cornely Oliver A , Heimann Sebastian M , Pedley Alison , Xu Ruifeng , Hanson Mary E , Marcella Stephen 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI) are more likely to have a hospital readmission and spend increased time in inpatient settings compared with patients with primary CDI. MODIFY I and II demonstrated that bezlotoxumab significantly reduced rCDI vs placebo. A post hoc within-trial analysis assessed whether bezlotoxumab was associated with a reduction in cumulative inpatient-days.

Methods
Data were pooled from the MODIFY trials to estimate the cumulative hospitalized days summed over the 84-day follow-up period. We adjusted inpatient use data from pooled MODIFY I and II for survival and censoring to estimate 84-day cumulative inpatient-days, overall and for subgroups. Treatment effects were obtained using recycled predictions based on trial protocol and rCDI risk, and 95% confidence intervals were obtained using 1000 bootstrap replicates.

Results
Mean cumulative inpatient-days were greater in the placebo arm (14.1 days) vs the bezlotoxumab arm (12.1 days) in the overall population. The mean difference between treatment groups was 2.1 days (95% confidence interval, –0.4 to –3.7). This was consistent in participants with risk factors for rCDI: age ≥65 years, compromised immunity, severe CDI, prior CDI, and ribotype 027/078/244 infection. As the number of risk factors increased, bezlotoxumab resulted in greater reductions in the number of inpatient-days compared with placebo (difference: –1.2 days, –2.3 days, –2.5 days, and –3.0 days for 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 risk factors, respectively).

Conclusions
Bezlotoxumab was associated with a reduction in cumulative inpatient-days, suggesting that treatment with bezlotoxumab may substantially reduce rCDI-associated health care resource use.
Trial registrations. MODIFY I (MK-3415A-001, NCT01241552) and II (MK-3415A-002, NCT01513239)
CFTR Heterozygotes Are at Increased Risk of Respiratory Infections: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Polgreen Philip M , Brown Grant D , Hornick Douglas B , Ahmad Ferhaan , London Barry , Stoltz David A , Comellas Alejandro P 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Patients heterozygous for mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene may be more susceptible to respiratory infections than the general population.

Methods.
We conducted a retrospective case–control study using health insurance claims. We identified patients as either highly likely to be CFTR heterozygotes (CF carriers diagnosed during genetic counseling, parents of children with a diagnosis of CF, and children of mothers diagnosed with CF) or likely CFTR heterozygotes (children of CF carriers diagnosed during genetic counseling and parents of CF carriers diagnosed during genetic counseling). Next, we examined the rates of respiratory infections and antimicrobial prescriptions between both groups of CFTR patients and only the highly likely subcohort, compared with age/sex-matched controls. We examined the presence of any claim using McNemar’s test and the number of claims using the sign test.

Results
CFTR heterozygotes (the pooled highly likely and likely heterozygotes) were more prone to have at least 1 claim for a respiratory infection (odds ratio [OR], 1.28; P = .020) and to have a greater number of claims for respiratory infections (53.5%; P = .043) than controls. Patients in the highly likely cohort were also more prone to have at least 1 claim for a respiratory infection (OR, 1.30; P = .028) and more claims (54.3%; P = .039) than controls. In addition, the highly likely CFTR heterozygotes were more prone to be prescribed an antibiotic used to treat respiratory infections (OR, 1.34; P = .018) and to have more of these prescriptions (54.3%; P = .035) than controls.

Conclusions
Patients heterozygous for CFTR mutations are at higher risk for respiratory infections. Future work to describe clinical outcomes for CFTR heterozygotes is needed.
First Case of Diffuse Leishmaniasis Associated With Leishmania panamensis
Authors: Olivo Freites Christian , Gundacker Nathan D , Pascale Juan Miguel , Saldaña Azael , Diaz-Suarez Rosendo , Jimenez Gabriela , Sosa Nestor , García Eyra , Jimenez Ana , Suarez José A 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Leishmania panamensis is the most common species of Leishmania in Panama, and it is known to cause cutaneous leishmaniasis, disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis; however, it not associated with diffuse cutaneous disease. In this study, we report the first case of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L panamensis.
Exposure of the External Carotid Artery Through the Posterior Neck Triangle, Cadaveric Surgical Simulation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Tayebi Meybodi Ali , Moreira Leandro Borba , Lawton Michael T , Preul Mark C 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The external carotid artery (ECA) is a robust extracranial donor used for high-flow cerebrovascular bypass procedures. It is usually exposed through the anterior triangle of the neck and may be used to revascularize recipients in the anterior or upper posterior cerebral circulations. However, when a high-flow bypass to the posterior circulation is indicated, oftentimes the patient needs to be put in the prone position (or variants thereof). In such situations, accessing the ECA through the anterior triangle of the neck can be challenging. Therefore, using a technique that enables the surgeon to expose the ECA through a posterior approach could be helpful.
1
Although we have not yet encountered a case requiring this type of exposure and bypass, this cadaveric surgical simulation video demonstrates the surgical technique of exposing the ECA through the posterior triangle of the neck (as a cadaveric video, no patient consent was necessary). Briefly, this technique involves an inferolateral extension of the muscular stage of the far-lateral approach and exposing the ECA through a plane developed between the parotid gland and the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. The technical details of this technique are described. Also, relevant anatomic information regarding the safety measures taken to protect adjacent neurovascular structures are discussed.
Pain Prevalence, Characteristics, and Impact Among People with Hemophilia: Findings from the First Portuguese Survey and Implications for Pain Management
Authors: Pinto Patrícia Ribeiro , Paredes Ana Cristina , Almeida Armando 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Hemophilia is a rare disorder characterized by spontaneous bleeding, with pain being a critical aspect. However, a systematic assessment of hemophilia-related pain in Portugal has never been conducted.

Objective
To understand the pain experience among Portuguese people with hemophilia (PWH) by describing its prevalence, characteristics, and impact and uncovering intervention needs in the realm of hemophilia-related pain care.

Methods
A cross-sectional observational survey, with age-adapted versions of questions concerning pain, emotional distress, and quality of life, was answered by 104 adults, 21 children/teenagers (10–17 years), and 19 children (1–9 years).

Results
Pain was reported by 82 (78.8%) adults, 16 (76.2%) children/teenagers, and 13 (68.4%) children, with 65 (62.5%), 13 (61.9%), and eight (42.1%) of them reporting pain lasting more than three months, respectively. The mean number of pain locations (SD) was 5.23 (3.95) for adults, 4.13 (3.48) for children/teenagers, and 3.15 (1.99) for children age 1–9 years, with lower limbs pain causing the greatest negative impact. More frequent pain-triggering factors were physical effort/movements (61, 74.4%) for adults and hemarthrosis for younger groups (children/teenagers: 14, 87.5%; children: 9, 69.2%). Bleeds yielded the highest mean pain intensity (adults: M [SD] = 5.67 [2.09]; children/teenagers: M [SD] = 5.69 [2.15]). Adults with pain revealed more anxiety (odds ratio [OR] = 1.698, P = 0.003) and depression (OR = 1.961, P = 0.025) and lower quality of life (OR = 0.928, P = 0.001).

Conclusions
The current findings highlight the high prevalence, duration, and frequency of pain at all ages, its potentially simultaneous acute and chronic nature, its likelihood to affect multiple locations concurrently, and its detrimental impact. Important insights concerning intervention needs are presented, ultimately contributing to the improvement of hemophilia-related pain management and patient care.
The search for the ejecting chair: a mixed-methods analysis of tool use in a sedentary behavior intervention
Authors: Takemoto Michelle , Godbole Suneeta , Rosenberg Dori E , Nebeker Camille , Natarajan Loki , Madanat Hala , Nichols Jeanne , Kerr Jacqueline 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Research is needed on interventions targeting sedentary behavior with appropriate behavior-change tools. The current study used convergent sequential mixed methods (QUAN + qual) to explore tool use during a edentary behavior intervention. Data came from a two-arm randomized sedentary behavior pilot intervention. Participants used a number of intervention tools (e.g., prompts and standing desks). Separate mixed-effects regression models explored associations between change in number of tools and frequency of tool use with two intervention targets: change in sitting time and number of sit-to-stand transitions overtime. Qualitative data explored participants’ attitudes towards intervention tools. There was a significant relationship between change in total tool use and sitting time after adjusting for number of tools (β = −12.86, p = .02), demonstrating that a one-unit increase in tool use was associated with an almost 13 min reduction in sitting time. In contrast, there was a significant positive association between change in number of tools and sitting time after adjusting for frequency of tool use (β = 63.70, p = .001), indicating that increasing the number of tools without increasing frequency of tool use was associated with more sitting time. Twenty-four semistructured interviews were coded and a thematic analysis revealed four themes related to tool use: (a) prompts to disrupt behavior; (b) tools matching the goal; (c) tools for sit-to-stand were ineffective; and (d) tool use evolved over time. Participants who honed in on effective tools were more successful in reducing sitting time. Tools for participants to increase sit-to-stand transitions were largely ineffective.
This study is registered at clincialtrials.gov. Identifier: NCT02544867
Toward a high-performance management system in health care, Part 5: How high-performance work practices facilitate speaking up in health care organizations
Authors: Robbins Julie , McAlearney Ann Scheck 
Published: December 2018

Background
Employees’ reluctance to speak up about problems and/or make suggestions for improvement is a noted barrier to quality and patient safety improvement in health care organizations. High-performance work practices (HPWPs) offer a framework for considering how management practices can encourage speaking up in these organizations.

Purposes
We aimed to explore how implementation of HPWPs in U.S. health care organizations could facilitate or remove barriers to speaking up. We were interested in improving understanding of how HPWPs could influence manager behavior and organizational policies and practices to encourage, support, and foster speaking up among employees.

Methodology/Approach
We examined case study data from five health care organizations purposely selected for their use of HPWPs. Interview transcripts from 67 key informants were inductively and deductively analyzed to explore how speaking up was characterized.

Findings
We found that speaking up was recognized as an important factor impacting quality improvement and/or patient safety initiatives across all five organizations. Management efforts to facilitate speaking up included both direct practices, such as using structured communication processes and reporting systems, and complementary practices that supported speaking up. Both direct and complementary practices were aligned with the HPWP model, with sites showing evidence of supporting the frontline, engaging staff, developing talent, and having effective leaders fostering efforts to encourage employees to speak up.

Practice Implications
Both conceptual evidence and qualitative evidence supporting the applicability of HPWPs as a management model for systematically facilitating speaking up in health care organizations were presented in this study. Application of an evidence-based framework enabled consideration of an organizational rather than employee perspective and provided examples of specific management practices that have been successfully implemented to facilitate speaking up. This research furthers the growing body of evidence supporting the applicability of HPWP implementation as a valuable strategy for impacting quality and safety in health care organizations.