bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological nitrification inhibition by root exudates of native species,Hibiscus splendensandSolanum echinatum
Authors: Janke Chelsea K. , Wendling Laura A. , Fujinuma Ryosuke 
Published: June 2018

Australian native species grow competitively in nutrient limited environments, particularly in nitrogen (N) limited soils; however, the mechanism that enables this is poorly understood. Biological nitrification inhibition (BNI), which is the release of root exudates into the plant rhizosphere to inhibit the nitrification process, is a hypothesized adaptive mechanism for maximizing N uptake. To date, few studies have investigated the temporal pattern and components of root exudates by Australian native plant species for BNI. This study examined root exudates from two Australian native species,Hibiscus splendensandSolanum echinatum,and contrasted with exudates ofSorghum bicolor, a plant widely demonstrated to exhibit BNI capacity. Root exudates were collected from plants at two, four, and six weeks after transplanting to solution culture. Root exudates contained three types of organic acids (OAs), oxalic, citric and succinic acids, regardless of the species. However, the two Australian natives species released larger amount of OAs in earlier development stages thanS. bicolor. The total quantity of these OAs released per unit root dry mass was also seven-ten times greater for Australian native plant species compared toS. bicolor. The root exudates significantly inhibited nitrification activity over six weeks’ growth in a potential nitrification assay, withS. echinatum(ca. 81% inhibition) >S. bicolor(ca. 80% inhibition) >H. splendens(ca. 78% inhibition). The narrow range of BNI capacity in the study plants limited the determination of a relationship between OAs and BNI; however, a lack of correlation between individual OAs and inhibition of nitrification suggests OAs may not directly contribute to BNI. These results indicate that Australian native species generate a strongly N conserving environment within the rhizosphere up to six weeks after germination, establishing a competitive advantage in severely N limited environments.
Efficient Solar Energy Harvesting and Storage through a Robust Photocatalyst Driving Reversible Redox Reactions
Authors: Zhou Yangen , Zhang Shun , Ding Yu , Zhang Leyuan , Zhang Changkun , Zhang Xiaohong , Zhao Yu , Yu Guihua 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSimultaneous solar energy conversion and storage is receiving increasing interest for better utilization of the abundant yet intermittently available sunlight. Photoelectrodes driving nonspontaneous reversible redox reactions in solar‐powered redox cells (SPRCs), which can deliver energy via the corresponding reverse reactions, present a cost‐effective and promising approach for direct solar energy harvesting and storage. However, the lack of photoelectrodes having both high conversion efficiency and high durability becomes a bottleneck that hampers practical applications of SPRCs. Here, it is shown that a WO3‐decorated BiVO4 photoanode, without the need of extra electrocatalysts, can enable a single‐photocatalyst‐driven SPRC with a solar‐to‐output energy conversion efficiency as high as 1.25%. This SPRC presents stable performance over 20 solar energy storage/delivery cycles. The high efficiency and stability are attributed to the rapid redox reactions, the well‐matched energy level, and the efficient light harvesting and charge separation of the prepared BiVO4. This demonstrated device system represents a potential alternative toward the development of low‐cost, durable, and easy‐to‐implement solar energy technologies.
A Theoretical and Experimental View on the Temperature Dependence of the Electronic Conduction through a Schottky Barrier in a Resistively Switching SrTiO3‐Based Memory Cell
Authors: Funck Carsten , Marchewka Astrid , Bäumer Christoph , Schmidt Peter C. , Müller Phillip , Dittmann Regina , Martin Manfred , Waser Rainer , Menzel Stephan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMetal–semiconductor Schottky interfaces are of high interest in many fields of semiconductor physics. One type of electronic devices based on Schottky contacts are resistive switching cells. The mostly applied analytical models are insufficient to describe all Schottky contact systems, which further impedes finding the correct conduction mechanism and may lead to physical misunderstandings. In this work, the electron transport properties of the resistively switching SrTiO3/Pt interface model system are investigated using a combination of experimental and theoretical methods. Temperature‐dependent I–V curves are measured and analyzed using an analytical approach, an atomistic approach based on density functional theory and the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism, and a continuum modeling approach. The findings suggest two different conduction mechanisms. Instead of a current transport over the barrier, as in the case of Schottky emission theory, the simulations show that tunneling through the Schottky barrier dominates. In the low voltage range, only thermally excited electrons can tunnel into the conduction band. For higher voltages, the SrTiO3 conduction band and the Fermi level at the injecting Pt‐electrode are aligned, allowing also electrons at the Fermi‐edge to tunnel. Consequently, the temperature dependence changes, leading to a crossing of the I–V curves at different temperatures.
Directed Graphene‐Based Nanoplatforms for Hyperthermia: Overcoming Multiple Drug Resistance
Authors: Tu Zhaoxu , Qiao Haishi , Yan Yuting , Guday Guy , Chen Wei , Adeli Mohsen , Haag Rainer 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR), which leads tumors resistance to traditional anticancer drugs, can cause the failure of chemotherapy treatments. Herein, we present a new way to overcome this problem using smart multifunctional graphene‐based drug delivery systems which can target subcellular organelles and show synergistic hyperthermia and chemotherapy. Mitochondria‐targeting ligands are conjugated onto the doxorubicin‐loaded, polyglycerol‐covered nanographene sheets to actively accumulate them inside the mitochondria after charge‐mediated cellular internalization. Upon near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and mitochondrial function were inhibited and doxorubicin released into the cellular interior. The hyperthermia‐accelerated drug release led to a highly selective anticancer efficiency, confirmed by in vitro and in vivo experiments.
A 3D Organically Synthesized Porous Carbon Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Ziqiang , Das Saikat , Xing Guolong , Fayon Pierre , Heasman Patrick , Jay Michael , Bailey Steven , Lambert Colin , Yamada Hiroki , Wakihara Toru , Trewin Abbie , Ben Teng , Qiu Shilun , Valtchev Valentin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe report the first organically synthesized sp–sp3 hybridized porous carbon, OSPC‐1. This new carbon shows electron conductivity, high porosity, the highest uptake of lithium ions of any carbon material to‐date, and the ability to inhibit dangerous lithium dendrite formation. The new carbon exhibits exceptional potential as anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high capacity, excellent rate capability, long cycle life, and potential for improved safety performance.
Comparing Neutral (Monometallic) and Anionic (Bimetallic) Aluminum Complexes in Hydroboration Catalysis: Influences of Lithium Cooperation and Ligand Set
Authors: Pollard Victoria A. , Fuentes M. Ángeles , Kennedy Alan R. , McLellan Ross , Mulvey Robert E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBimetallic lithium aluminates and neutral aluminum counterparts are compared as catalysts in hydroboration reactions with aldehydes, ketones, imines and alkynes. Possessing Li–Al cooperativity, ate catalysts are found to be generally superior. Catalytic activity is also influenced by the ligand set, alkyl and/or amido. Devoid of an Al−H bond, iBu2Al(TMP) operates as a masked hydride reducing benzophenone through a β‐Η transfer process. This catalyst library therefore provides an entry point into the future design of Al catalysts targeting substrate specific transformations.
Isonitrile Formation by a Non‐Heme Iron(II)‐Dependent Oxidase/Decarboxylase
Authors: Harris Nicholas C. , Born David A. , Cai Wenlong , Huang Yaobing , Martin Joelle , Khalaf Ryan , Drennan Catherine L. , Zhang Wenjun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe electron‐rich isonitrile is an important functionality in bioactive natural products, but its biosynthesis has been restricted to the IsnA family of isonitrile synthases. We herein provide the first structural and biochemical evidence of an alternative mechanism for isonitrile formation. ScoE, a putative non‐heme iron(II)‐dependent enzyme from Streptomyces coeruleorubidus, was shown to catalyze the conversion of (R)‐3‐((carboxymethyl)amino)butanoic acid to (R)‐3‐isocyanobutanoic acid through an oxidative decarboxylation mechanism. This work further provides a revised scheme for the biosynthesis of a unique class of isonitrile lipopeptides, of which several members are critical for the virulence of pathogenic mycobacteria.
An Intrinsically Self‐Healing NiCo||Zn Rechargeable Battery with a Self‐Healable Ferric‐Ion‐Crosslinking Sodium Polyacrylate Hydrogel Electrolyte
Authors: Huang Yan , Liu Jie , Wang Jiaqi , Hu Mengmeng , Mo Funian , Liang Guojin , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSelf‐healing solid‐state aqueous rechargeable NiCo||Zn batteries are inherently safe and have a high energy density and mechanical robustness. However, the self‐healability of solid‐state batteries has only been realized by a few studies in which electron/ion‐inactive self‐healable substrates are utilized. This arises from the lack of self‐healable electrolytes. Now an intrinsically self‐healing battery has been designed that utilizes a new electrolyte that is intrinsically self‐healable. Sodium polyacrylate hydrogel chains are crosslinked by ferric ions to promote dynamic reconstruction of an integral network. These non‐covalent crosslinkers can form ionic bonds to reconnect damaged surfaces when the hydrogel is cut off, providing an ultimate solution to the intrinsic self‐healability problem of batteries. As a result, this NiCo||Zn battery with this hydrogel electrolyte can be autonomically self‐healed with over 87 % of capacity retained after 4 cycles of breaking/healing.
The effect of fluorosilicone modifiers on the carbon nanotube networks in epoxy matrix
Authors: Shashkeev Konstantin A. , Kondrashov Stanislav V. , Popkov Oleg V. , Solovianchik Lyudmila V. , Lobanov Maxim V. , Nagornaya Valeria S. , Soldatov Mikhail A. , Shevchenko Vitaly G. , Gulyaev Artem I. , Makarova Viktoria V. , Yurkov Gleb Yu. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTStructure and properties of polymer compositions based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) filled epoxy matrix containing fluorosilicone copolymers as additives is discussed. Electrical conductivity and dielectric (microwave) permittivity of the composites can be varied by approximately one order of magnitude without changing the CNT concentration, by careful selection of the additive type and concentration. The mutual solubility of the modifiers and epoxy is a key factor determining both rheological properties of the uncured compositions and electrical properties of cured CNT‐nanocomposites. CNT‐nanocomposites modified with amino‐functional (i.e., epoxy crosslinkable) copolymers demonstrate improved electrical conductivity values at increased additive concentration, connected with the formation of specific segregated microstructure. Fluorosilicone additives added in a specific amount also allow for a decrease of the viscosity of uncured epoxy CNT‐nanocomposites, improving their processability. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46539.
Fire retardancy of polypropylene composites reinforced with rice husks: From oxygen index measurements and cone calorimetry to large‐scale single‐burning‐item tests
Authors: Schirp Arne , Barrio Aitor 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTRice husks containing 12 wt % inorganic silica were incorporated together with halogen‐free fire retardants in a polypropylene matrix and extruded into facade profiles. An increase in the amount of rice husks resulted in an increase in the oxygen index. The cone calorimetry measurements showed that all of the fire retardants tested significantly reduced the peak heat‐release rate (pHRR) and maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE) of the formulations and moderately reduced total heat release. The best results in terms of MARHE were achieved for the formulation including 24% melamine‐coated ammonium polyphosphate. pHRR and MARHE were reduced with increasing amount of rice husks. Single‐burning‐item (SBI) tests were performed for the extruded profiles based on rice husks and, for comparison, wood flour. In the best case, a B‐s2, d0 classification was obtained. The results obtained from cone calorimetry and SBI tests were in agreement. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46654.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel stimuli‐responsive magnetite nanohydrogel based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) as drug carrier
Authors: Mozaffari Zahra , Hatamzadeh Maryam , Massoumi Bakhshali , Jaymand Mehdi 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTA novel stimuli‐responsive magnetite nanohydrogel (MNHG), namely [poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐maleic anhydride)2]‐graft‐poly(ethylene glycol)/Fe3O4 [PEG‐b‐(PNIPAAm‐co‐PMA)2]‐g‐PEG/Fe3O4, was successfully developed. For this purpose, NIPAAm and MA monomers were block copolymerized onto PEG‐based macroinitiator through atom transfer radical polymerization technique to produce PEG‐b‐(PNIPAAm‐co‐PMA)2. The synthesized Y‐shaped terpolymer was crosslinked through the esterification of maleic anhydride units using PEG chains to afford a hydrogel. Afterward, magnetite nanoparticles were incorporated into the synthesized hydrogel through the physical interactions. The chemical structures of all synthesized samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Morphology, thermal stability, size, and magnetic properties of the synthesized MNHG were investigated. In addition, the doxorubicin hydrochloride loading and encapsulation efficiencies as well as stimuli‐responsive drug release ability of the synthesized MNHG were also evaluated. The drug‐loaded MNHG at physiological condition exhibited negligible drug release values. In contrast, at acidic (pH 5.3) condition and a little bit higher temperature (41 °C) the developed MNHG showed higher drug release values, which qualified it for cancer chemotherapy due to especial physiology of cancerous tissue in comparison with the surrounding normal tissue. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46657.
A method based on the time–temperature superposition principle to predict pressurization time in compression molding
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhao Yueqing , Zhang Boming 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe quality of epoxy composites reinforced by glass fibers and manufactured by compression molding is affected by the pressurization time. Traditional methods, including differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic thermomechanical analysis, cannot be reliably used to predict pressurization time in the scenario of continuous production and inconstant circumstances seen in industry. In this paper, the rheological behaviors of epoxy under constant temperature were investigated and analyzed to verify if the time–temperature superposition (TTS) principle, which defines the relation between time and temperature in the deformation and relaxation response of a viscoelastic material, could be suitably applied to describe them. The results show that the TTS principle could indeed be used to predict resin viscosity by the horizontal shift factor. A new method based on the TTS principle and written into a program to forecast pressurization time in compression molding is proposed. The uniform surface color and the qualified thickness of the composite components using the program indicate that the program works well and that this method is feasible for predicting pressurization time during compression molding. The results of tensile and short‐beam shear strength tests show that pressurization time affects the mechanical properties of the final product. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45308.
Binary phase solid‐state photopolymerization behavior of acrylate cryogels under different light sources
Authors: Ali Safdar , Shehzad Farooq Khurum , Maitlo Inamullah , Valiev Sultan , Muhyodin Ghulam , Nie Jun 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTTwo types of cryogels were obtained using 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) by homogeneous mixing with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) as crosslinker at subzero temperature followed by photopolymerization with two different light initiation sources (high‐pressure Hg arc lamp and UV‐LED).The solution was frozen unidirectionally at −60 °C before polymerization and finally photopolymerized at the same temperature. The cryogels were characterized using photo‐DSC, UV–vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The cryogels cured with an LED light showed a higher polymerization rate and better morphological characteristics than ones cured with a high‐pressure Hg arc. The water intake ratio of HEA/PEGDA was higher than HEMA/PEGDA for both curing sources. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46686.
Use of fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I to study the mechanism of intestinal absorption of fucoidan sulfate in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Zhang E , Chu Fulong , Xu Lixu , Liang Hao , Song Shuliang , Ji Aiguo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA new method to label fucoidan sulfate was established with tyramine and fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC). Fluorescence spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography verified the successful labelling of fucoidan by FITC. The results of the single‐pass intestinal perfusion indicated that the jejunum and ileum are the main absorption sites, and there was carrier saturation. In addition, fucoidan sulfate at 1 mg/ml had no inhibitory effect on Caco‐2 cell proliferation. Studies on the transmembrane transport mechanism showed that fucoidan can be absorbed because the apparent permeability coefficient of the drugs (Papp) A → B was 3.78 + 0.03 ×10−6 and that of B → A was 1.42 + 0.19 ×10−6. The peak absorption of fucoidan occurred at 120 min after administration; moreover, the higher the concentration used, the worse the absorption was, suggesting the saturation of transport carriers. The absorption was temperature dependent: the absorption at 37°C was much better than that at 4°C. Further, the absorption of fucoidan sulfate might rely on clathrin endocytosis as chlorpromazine (10 μg/ml) significantly inhibited it.
Combination of Aryl Diselenides/Hydrogen Peroxide and Carbon‐Nanotube/Rhodium Nanohybrids for Naphthol Oxidation: An Efficient Route towards Trypanocidal Quinones
Authors: de Carvalho Renato L. , Jardim Guilherme A. M. , Santos Augusto C. C. , Araujo Maria H. , Oliveira Willian X. C. , Bombaça Ana Cristina S. , Menna‐Barreto Rubem F. S. , Gopi Elumalai , Gravel Edmond , Doris Eric , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis work reports a combination of aryl diselenides/hydrogen peroxide and carbon‐nanotube (CNT)/rhodium nanohybrids (RhCNT) for naphthol oxidation towards the synthesis of 1,4‐naphthoquinones and evaluation of their relevant trypanocidal activity. Under a combination of (PhSe)2/H2O2 in the presence of O2 in iPrOH/hexane, several benzenoid (A‐ring)‐substituted quinones were prepared in moderate to high yields. We also studied the contribution of RhCNT as co‐catalyst in this process and, in some cases, yields were improved. This method provides an efficient and versatile alternative for preparing A‐ring‐modified naphthoquinonoid compounds with relevant biological profile.
Quality of life in patients with proton‐treated pediatric medulloblastoma: Results of a prospective assessment with 5‐year follow‐up
Authors: Kamran Sophia C. , Goldberg Saveli I. , Kuhlthau Karen A. , Lawell Miranda P. , Weyman Elizabeth A. , Gallotto Sara L. , Hess Clayton B. , Huang Mary S. , Friedmann Alison M. , Abrams Annah N. , MacDonald Shannon M. , Pulsifer Margaret B. , Tarbell Nancy J. , Ebb David H. , Yock Torunn I. 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes are not well described in patients with medulloblastoma. The use of proton radiotherapy (RT) may translate into an improved HRQOL. In the current study, the authors report long‐term HRQOL in patients with proton‐treated pediatric medulloblastoma.METHODSThe current study was a prospective cohort HRQOL study of patients with medulloblastoma who were treated with proton RT and enrolled between August 5, 2002, and October 8, 2015. Both child report and parent‐proxy report Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) surveys were collected at baseline during RT and annually thereafter (score range on surveys of 0‐100, with higher scores indicating better HRQOL). Patients were dichotomized by clinical/treatment variables and subgroups were compared. Mixed‐model analysis was performed to determine the longitudinal trajectory of PedsQL scores. The Student t test was used to compare long‐term HRQOL measures with published means from a healthy child population.RESULTSSurvey data were evaluable for 116 patients with a median follow‐up of 5 years (range, 1‐10.6 years); the median age at the time of diagnosis was 7.6 years (range, 2.1‐18.1 years). At baseline, children reported a total core score (TCS) of 65.9, which increased by 1.8 points annually (P<.001); parents reported a TCS of 59.1, which increased by 2.0 points annually. Posterior fossa syndrome adversely affected baseline scores, but these scores significantly improved with time. At the time of last follow‐up, children reported a TCS of 76.3, which was 3.3 points lower than that of healthy children (P = .09); parents reported a TCS of 69, which was 11.9 points lower than that of parents of healthy children (P<.001). Increased follow‐up time from diagnosis correlated with improved HRQOL scores.CONCLUSIONSHRQOL scores appear to increase over time after treatment in children treated with proton RT for medulloblastoma but remain lower compared with those of parent‐proxy reports as well as published means from a healthy normative sample of children. Additional follow‐up may translate into continued improvements in HRQOL. Cancer 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.