bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arabization of Nijmegen questionnaire and study of the prevalence of hyperventilation in dizzy patients
Authors: Talaat Hossam Saneyelbahaa , Moaty Asmaa Salah , Elsayed Mai Ahmed 
Published: May 2019

Objectives:
To develop and adapt the Arabic version of Nijmegen questionnaire (NQ) for assessment of hyperventilation and to determine the prevalence of hyperventilation in dizzy patients.

Methods:
The adapted NQ was translated following cross-cultural adaptation guidelines which includes forward and backward translation, Expert committee review, pretesting and final version of NQ. The adapted Arabic NQ was completed by 100 normal controls (control group) and 50 patients with hyperventilation symptoms (hyperventilation group) then the Arabic NQ was administered to 100 dizzy patients (dizzy group). Patients with disturbed consciousness and severe mental health disorders were excluded. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were examined. Reliability included internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The validation of the questionnaire including content and construct validity was performed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the possible cutoff points. The prevalence of hyperventilation in dizzy patients was determined.

Results:
The Arabic NQ showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.819 for controls and Cronbach’s alpha = 0.920 for hyperventilation group). Test-retest correlation for repeatability was high (r = 0.987 among controls, and r = 0.927 among cases). Construct validity showed high negative correlations between the total score of the questionnaire and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) outcome (r = –0.916, p < .001). Twenty-eight percent of patients in the dizzy group give positive NQ score.

Conclusion:
This study showed that the adapted Arabic version of NQ is a valid and reliable questionnaire for the assessment of hyperventilation in Egyptian adults and the most sensitive cutoff point for diagnosing hyperventilation was (26.5). The prevalence of hyperventilation in dizzy patients was 28%.
Photon diffusion in microscale solids
Authors: Das Avijit , Brown Andrew K , Mah Merlin L , Talghader Joseph J 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a theoretical and experimental investigation of photon diffusion in highly absorbing microscale graphite. A Nd:YAG continuous wave laser is used to heat the graphite samples with thicknesses of 40μm and 100μm. Optical intensities of 10 kW cm−2and 20 kW cm−2are used in the laser heating. The graphite samples are heated to temperatures of thousands of kelvins within milliseconds, which are recorded by a 2-color, high speed pyrometer. To compare the observed temperatures, differential equation of heat conduction is solved across the samples with proper initial and boundary conditions. In addition to lattice vibrations, photon diffusion is incorporated in the analytical model of thermal conductivity for solving the heat equation. The numerical simulations showed close matching between experiment and theory only when including the photon diffusion equations and existing material properties data found in the previously published works with no fitting constants. The results indicate that the commonly-overlooked mechanism of photon diffusion dominates the heat transfer of many microscale structures near their evaporation temperatures. In addition, the treatment explains the discrepancies between thermal conductivity measurements and theory that were previously described in the scientific literature.
High-speed digital light source photocurrent mapping system
Authors: Bausi Francesco , Koutsourakis George , Blakesley James C , Castro Fernando A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
High-resolution spatial characterization of photovoltaic devices and photodetectors can reveal local defects that can have a detrimental impact on the lifetime and performance of such devices. Photocurrent mapping methods can provide high-resolution measurements and characterization can be achieved under actual operating conditions. However, such methods usually require costly, complicated systems and possess limited measurement speed. In this work an optical system based on a digital micro-mirror device is used for photocurrent mapping and a measurement protocol with a theoretical upper limit for scanning rate of 22 kHz is presented. The digital micromirror device itself provides synchronised spatial and temporal modulation in order to perform current mapping. Photocurrent maps of solar cells devices obtained with a scanning rate of 1000 pixels in less than 6 s are reported (the speed was limited by the device’s response time and its photon to current conversion efficiency). The speed of photocurrent mapping is thus increased by almost two orders of magnitude compared to other methods and is only limited by the response of the device under test. A lateral resolution of 34 µm is achieved, with the potential to increase it even further. The absence of any moving parts allows high repeatability of measurements. Combined with the high-speed control of the light field, this enables the development of novel measurement techniques for the simultaneous measurement of temporal and spatial parameters. The fully digital control of the mapping system also presents a high potential for integration in industrial automated systems as it can be fully controlled using machine learning algorithms to achieve fast detection of crucial defects and features of devices during manufacturing.
Availability and performance of image-based, non-contact methods of monitoring heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation: a systematic review
Authors: Harford M , Catherall J , Gerry S , Young JD , Watkinson P 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective: Over the last 15 years, developments in camera technology have coincided with increased availability and affordability. This has led to an increasing interest in using these technologies in healthcare settings. Image-based monitoring methods potentially allow multiple vital signs to be measured concurrently using a non-contact sensor. We have undertaken a systematic review of the current availability and performance of these monitoring methods. Approach: A multiple database search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, OpenGrey, IEEE Xplore Library and ACM Digital Library to July 2018. We included studies comparing image-based heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and blood pressure monitoring methods against one or more validated reference device(s). Each included study was assessed using the modified GRRAS criteria for reporting bias. Main results: Of 30 279 identified studies, 161 were included in the final analysis. Twenty studies (20/161, 12%) were carried out on patients in clinical settings, while the remainder were conducted in academic settings using healthy volunteer populations. The 18–40 age group was best represented across the identified studies. One hundred and twenty studies (120/161, 75%) estimated heart rate, followed by 62 studies (62/161, 39%) estimating respiratory rate. Fewer studies focused on oxygen saturation (11/161, 7%) or blood pressure (6/161, 4%) estimation. Fifty-one heart rate studies (51/120, 43%) and 24 respiratory rate studies (24/62, 39%) used Bland–Altman analysis to report their results. Of the heart rate studies, 28 studies (28/51, 55%) showed agreement within industry standards of

5 beats per minute. Only two studies achieved this within clinical settings. Of the respiratory rate studies, 13 studies (13/24, 54%) showed agreement within industry standards of

3 breaths per minute, but only one study achieved this in a clinical setting. Statistical analysis was heterogeneous across studies with frequent inappropriate use of correlation. The majority of studies (99/161, 61%) monitored subjects for under 5 min. Three studies (3/161, 2%) monitored subjects for over 60 min, all of which were conducted in hospital settings. Significance: Heart rate and respiratory rate monitoring using video images is currently possible and performs within clinically acceptable limits under experimental conditions. Camera-derived estimates were less accurate in the proportion of studies conducted in clinical settings. We would encourage thorough reporting of the population studied, details of clinically relevant aspects of methodology, and the use of appropriate statistical methods in future studies.
Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42016029167
Protocol: https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13643-017-0615-3
Germline Predisposition to Hematolymphoid Neoplasia
Authors: Weinberg Olga K , Kuo Frank , Calvo Katherine R 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe 2017 Workshop of the Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology aimed to review clinical cases with germline predisposition to hematolymphoid neoplasms.MethodsThe Workshop Panel reviewed 51 cases with germline mutations and rendered consensus diagnoses. Of these, six cases were presented at the meeting by the submitting pathologists.ResultsThe cases submitted to the session covering germline predisposition included 16 cases with germline GATA2 mutations, 10 cases with germline RUNX1 mutations, two cases with germline CEBPA mutations, two germline TP53 mutations, and one case of germline DDX41 mutation. The most common diagnoses were acute myeloid leukemia (15 cases) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, 14 cases).ConclusionsThe majority of the submitted neoplasms occurring in patients with germline predisposition were myeloid neoplasms with germline mutations in GATA2 and RUNX1. The presence of a germline predisposition mutation is not sufficient for a diagnosis of a neoplasm until the appearance of standard diagnostic features of a hematolymphoid malignancy manifest: in general, the diagnostic criteria for neoplasms associated with germline predisposition disorders are the same as those for sporadic cases.
Shift Work and Leukocyte Count Changes among Workers in Bangkok
Authors: Hanprathet Nitt , Lertmaharit Somrat , Lohsoonthorn Vitool , Rattananupong Thanapoom , Ammaranond Palanee , Jiamjarasrangsi Wiroj 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Previous epidemiological evidence for the association of shift work exposure and increased leukocyte count is cross-sectional in nature, thus limiting cause-effect inference. We therefore used a longitudinal design to: (i) compare leukocyte counts at baseline between shift and day workers and (ii) examine the time trend of leukocyte counts over the follow-up period for these workers.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 6737 workers aged <60 years at two large organizations (a humanitarian organization and a university) in Bangkok, Thailand who had participated in at least two annual health check-ups during the period 2005–2016. Shift work exposure history was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire and categorized into day, former, and current shift workers. Data on leukocyte count were collected annually as part of worksite health screening during the observation period. Association of shift work exposure and increased leukocyte count was then examined cross-sectionally and longitudinally by using multiple linear regression and multilevel analysis of repeated measures data, respectively. In addition, trends for leukocyte count over the follow-up period and work years were examined using LOWESS smooth curves.

Results
Compared to day work, the current shift work was associated with increased leukocyte counts. The magnitude of percentage increase was the highest for basophil counts, followed by eosinophil and lymphocyte counts. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence revealed this association, although it was less pronounced longitudinally. For total leukocyte count, the magnitude of difference was constant across the 11-year follow-up period. However, for lymphocyte and basophil counts, these discrepancies tapered over the work years until they no longer differed (for lymphocyte count) or even differed in the opposite direction (for basophil count) in later work years.

Conclusion
This study confirmed previous cross-sectional evidence that shift work exposure-increased leukocyte counts and that this was reversible. Whether this increase in immune cell count also results in an increased immune cell activity and serves as the intermediary in the association between shift work exposure and subsequent chronic disease development needs further investigation.
Updated Management of Malar Edema, Mounds, and Festoons: A Systematic Review
Authors: Newberry C Ian , Mccrary Hilary , Thomas J Regan , Cerrati Eric W 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

To deliver a natural, aesthetically pleasing periorbital rejuvenation, restoration of the youthful lid-cheek junction and malar eminence is often essential. However, the management of malar bags is complex secondary to the diverse pathophysiology and varying severity of malar edema, mounds, and festoons. Treatment must be individualized based on extent and content. This scoping review updates the audience on the anatomy, pathophysiology, and evaluation of malar bags in addition to the latest literature regarding minimally invasive intervention and surgical refinements. A modernized treatment algorithm is proposed.

Level of Evidence: 4
Pilot Study of Markers for High-grade Anal Dysplasia in a Southern Cohort From the Women’s Interagency Human Immunodeficiency Virus Study
Authors: Lahiri Cecile D , Nguyen Minh Ly , Mehta C Christina , Mosunjac Marina , Tadros Talaat , Unger Elizabeth R , Rajeevan Mangalathu S , Richards Jendai , Ofotokun Ighovwerha , Flowers Lisa 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Anal cancer rates have increased, particularly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected (HIV+) women. We assessed factors associated with anal precancer in HIV+ and at-risk HIV-negative women from the Atlanta Women’s Interagency HIV Study cohort.

Methods
All participants underwent high-resolution anoscopy and anal cytology and had anal and cervical samples collected. Specimens were tested for 37 human papillomavirus (HPV) types and for FAM19A4 and microRNA124-2 promoter methylation. Binary logistic regression and multivariate analysis were conducted with histologic anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (A-HSIL) as the dependent variable.

Results
Seventy-five women were enrolled: 52 (69%) were HIV+ with three-fourths having undetectable viral load; 64 (86%) were black; mean age was 49 ± 8 years. Forty-nine (65%) anal cytology samples were abnormal, and 38 (51%) of anal samples were positive for at least 1 of 13 high-risk HPV (hrHPV) types. Thirteen (18%) anal biopsies identified A-HSIL. Hypermethylation of FAM19A4 and/or microRNA124-2 was found in 69 (95%) anal samples and 19 (26%) cervical samples. In multivariate analyses, the odds of having A-HSIL were &gt;6 times higher in women with anal hrHPV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.08 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.27–29.18], P = .02) and with positive cervical methylation (aOR, 6.49 [95% CI, 1.66–25.35], P = .007), but not significantly higher in women with positive anal methylation.

Conclusions
Anal hrHPV and promoter hypermethylation in the cervix show promise as biomarkers for anal cancer screening in HIV+ and at-risk HIV-negative women. Greater understanding of gene silencing by promoter hypermethylation in anal carcinogenesis is needed.
Clinical Impact and Cost-effectiveness of Genotype Testing at Human Immunodeficiency Virus Diagnosis in the United States
Authors: Hyle Emily P , Scott Justine A , Sax Paul E , Millham Lucia R I , Dugdale Caitlin M , Weinstein Milton C , Freedberg Kenneth A , Walensky Rochelle P 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundUS guidelines recommend genotype testing at human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis (“baseline genotype”) to detect transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and protease inhibitors. With integrase strand inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimens now recommended as first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART), the of baseline genotypes is uncertain.MethodsWe used the Cost-effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications model to examine the clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of baseline genotype compared to no baseline genotype for people starting ART with dolutegravir (DTG) and an NRTI pair. For people with no TDR (83.8%), baseline genotype does not alter regimen selection. Among people with transmitted NRTI resistance (5.8%), baseline genotype guides NRTI selection and informs subsequent ART after adverse events (DTG AEs, 14%). Among people with transmitted NNRTI resistance (7.2%), baseline genotype influences care only for people with DTG AEs switching to NNRTI-based regimens. The 48-week virologic suppression varied (40%–92%) depending on TDR. Costs included $320/genotype and $2500–$3000/month for ART.ResultsCompared to no baseline genotype, baseline genotype resulted in &lt;1 additional undiscounted quality-adjusted life-day (QALD), cost an additional $500/person, and was not cost-effective (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio: $420 000/quality-adjusted life-year). In univariate sensitivity analysis, clinical benefits of baseline genotype never exceeded 5 QALDs for all newly diagnosed people with HIV. Baseline genotype was cost-effective at current TDR prevalence only under unlikely conditions, eg, DTG-based regimens achieving ≤50% suppression of transmitted NRTI resistance.ConclusionsWith INSTI-based first-line regimens in the United States, baseline genotype offers minimal clinical benefit and is not cost-effective.
Towards (de-)financialisation: the role of the state
Authors: Karwowski Ewa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the nature of state financialisation is crucial to ensure de-financialisation efforts are successful. Therefore, this article provides a structured overview of the emerging literature on financialisation and the state. We define financialisation of the state broadly as the changed relationship between the state, understood as sovereign with duties and accountable towards its citizens, and financial markets and practices, in ways that can diminish those duties and reduce accountability. We then argue that there are four ways in which financialisation works in and through public institutions and policies: adoption of financial logics, advancing financial innovation, embracing financial accumulation strategies and directly financialising the lives of their citizens. Organising our review around the two main policy fields of fiscal and monetary policy, four definitions of financialisation in the context of public policy and institutions emerge. When dealing with public expenditure on social provisions, financialisation most often refers to the transformation of public services into the basis for actively traded financial assets. In the context of public revenue, financialisation describes the process of creating and deepening secondary markets for public debt, with the state turning into a financial market player. Finally, in the realm of monetary policy, financial deregulation is perceived to have paved the way for financialisation, while inflation targeting and the encouragement, or outright pursuit, of market-based short-term liquidity management among financial institutions constitute financialised policies.
Transformation of banking reconsidered: how feasible is ‘de-financialisation’?
Authors: Sweeney Robert 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA defining feature of financialisation has been the transformation of banking, especially the expansion of investment banking. This article argues that the financialisation literature has, to date, failed to adequately explain this transformation. Neither disintermediation processes on the one hand, nor liberalisation of financial service activities on the other hand can explain the increase in scale and scope of the sector. The growth in investment banking activities should instead be seen in terms of the overall expansion of financial markets. In particular, demographic pressures and neoliberal restructuring have led to the growth of capital markets and modern asset management. The rise of capital markets and asset management, and the associated growth of money and derivatives markets have, in turn, put pressures on the banking system for expanded investment services, which it has met. Understanding financialisation as a structural change implies limits on how much economies can be ‘de-financialised’.
Coleoptera in the Canopy of the Cloud Forest From Tlanchinol in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico
Authors: Márquez Juan , Asiain Julieta , Martínez-Falcón Ana P , Escoto-Moreno Jaime A 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe describe the biodiversity, seasonal variation, and the possible edge effect of Coleoptera found in the canopy of the cloud forest in Tlanchinol in the state of Hidalgo. The coleopterans were collected by means of three fogging events during the dry season and another three during the rainy season in three sites of the forest: the edge, an intermediate, and an internal site. In total, 3,487 coleopterans were collected, belonging to 325 morphospecies from 52 families. The family with the largest number of morphospecies and abundance was Staphylinidae, followed by Curculionidae and Chrysomelidae. Species richness and abundance were higher in the dry season than in the rainy season. The biodiversity analyses, however, suggest that the rainy season showed the highest biodiversity levels, mainly because of the pronounced dominance of some species in the dry season. Species composition was different between the dry and rainy seasons. The internal site showed the lowest biodiversity compared with the intermediate and edge sites. The main edge effect detected was that species composition in the edge site differed from the intermediate and internal sites. Species composition did not differ significantly between the two latter sites. These results suggest that the study zone had a considerable level of biodiversity of Coleoptera and that it was very likely in a well-preserved condition, which supports the findings of another study previously performed in the same site using flight intercept traps.