bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human CD4+ T Cells Specific for Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Localize to Merkel Cell Carcinomas and Target a Required Oncogenic Domain
Authors: Longino Natalie V. , Yang Junbao , Iyer Jayasri G. , Ibrani Dafina , Chow I-Ting , Laing Kerry J. , Campbell Victoria L. , Paulson Kelly G. , Kulikauskas Rima M. , Church Candice D. , James Eddie A. , Nghiem Paul , Kwok William W. , Koelle David M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Although CD4+ T cells likely play key roles in antitumor immune responses, most immuno-oncology studies have been limited to CD8+ T-cell responses due to multiple technical barriers and a lack of shared antigens across patients. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer caused by Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) oncoproteins in 80% of cases. Because MCPyV oncoproteins are shared across most patients with MCC, it is unusually feasible to identify, characterize, and potentially augment tumor-specific CD4+ T cells. Here, we report the identification of CD4+ T-cell responses against six MCPyV epitopes, one of which included a conserved, essential viral oncogenic domain that binds/disables the cellular retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor. We found that this epitope (WEDLT209-228) could be presented by three population-prevalent HLA class II alleles, making it a relevant target in 64% of virus-positive MCC patients. Cellular staining with a WEDLT209-228–HLA-DRB1*0401 tetramer indicated that specific CD4+ T cells were detectable in 78% (14 of 18) of evaluable MCC patients, were 250-fold enriched within MCC tumors relative to peripheral blood, and had diverse T-cell receptor sequences. We also identified a modification of this domain that still allowed recognition by these CD4+ T cells but disabled binding to the Rb tumor suppressor, a key step in the detoxification of a possible therapeutic vaccine. The use of these new tools for deeper study of MCPyV-specific CD4+ T cells may provide broader insight into cancer-specific CD4+ T-cell responses.
Microsatellite-Stable Tumors with High Mutational Burden Benefit from Immunotherapy
Authors: Goodman Aaron M. , Sokol Ethan S. , Frampton Garrett M. , Lippman Scott M. , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Programmed death receptor-1/ligand 1 (PD-1/L1) antibodies can induce durable remissions in malignancies. However, response rates are only approximately 10% to 20% in unselected patients versus approximately 50% in microsatellite instability–high (MSI-high) tumors, probably related to high tumor mutational burden (TMB). Pembrolizumab is approved for MSI-high or deficient mismatch repair tumors. However, outside of colorectal and endometrial carcinoma, only a small subset of tumors were MSI-high, making this treatment option unavailable to most patients. It is not known if MS-stable tumors with high TMB respond to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on 60 patients (14 different histologies) treated with checkpoint blockade using the FoundationOne assay to determine TMB and MSI status. TMB was dichotomized into two groups: low-to-intermediate (0–19 mutations/mb) versus high (≥20 mutations/mb). Benefit rate (stable disease for ≥6 months and partial or complete response) was determined: 2,179 of 148,803 samples (1.5%) were MSI-high and 9,762 (6.6%) TMB-high (7,972, MS-stable/TMB-high). The majority (82.1%) of MSI-H tumors were TMB-high; however, only 18.3% of TMB-high tumors were MSI-H. Median progression-free survival for MS-stable/TMB-high versus MS-stable/TMB-low/TMB-intermediate tumors was 26.8 versus 4.3 months (P = 0.0173). Thus, our data demonstrate that MS-stable/TMB-high tumors are more common than MSI-high cancers and may benefit from immunotherapy.
Endovascular Occlusion Balloon for Treatment of Superior Vena Cava Tears During Transvenous Lead Extraction
Authors: Azarrafiy Ryan , Tsang Darren C. , Wilkoff Bruce L. , Carrillo Roger G. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Superior vena cava (SVC) tears are one of the most lethal complications in transvenous lead extraction. An endovascular balloon can occlude the SVC in the event of a laceration, preventing blood loss and offering a more controlled surgical field for repair. An early study demonstrated that proper use of this device is associated with reduced mortality. Thereafter, high-volume extractors at the Eleventh Annual Lead Management Symposium developed a best practice protocol for the endovascular balloon.

Methods:
We collected data on adverse events in lead extraction from July 1, 2016, to July 31, 2018. Data were prospectively collected from both a US Food and Drug Administration–maintained database and physician reports of adverse events as they occurred. We gathered case details directly from extracting physicians. Confirmed SVC tears were analyzed for patient demographics, case details, and index hospitalization mortality.

Results:

From July 1, 2016, to July 31, 2018, 116 confirmed SVC events were identified, of which 44.0% involved proper balloon use and 56.0% involved no use or improper use. When an endovascular balloon was properly used, 45 of 51 patients (88.2%) survived in comparison to 37 of 65 patients (56.9%) when a balloon was not used or improperly used (
P
=0.0002). Furthermore, multivariate regression modeling found that proper balloon deployment was an independent, negative predictor of in-hospital mortality for patients who experienced an SVC laceration (odds ratio, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04–0.40;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
From July 1, 2016, through July 31, 2018, patients undergoing lead extraction were more likely to survive SVC tears when treatment included an endovascular balloon.
Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding
Authors: KIRICHENKO NATALIA , TRIBERTI PAOLO , AKULOV EVGENIY , PONOMARENKO MARGARITA , GOROKHOVA SVETLANA , SHEIKO VIKTOR , OHSHIMA ISSEI , LOPEZ-VAAMONDE CARLOS 
Published: August 2019

The Russian Far East (RFE) is an important hotspot of biodiversity whose insect fauna remains understudied, particularly its Microlepidoptera. Here we explore the diversity of leaf-mining micromoths of the family Gracillariidae, their distribution and host plant associations in RFE using a combination of field observations and sampling, DNA barcoding, morphological analysis and literature review. We collected 91 gracillariid specimens (45 larvae, 9 pupae and 37 adults) in 12 localities across RFE and identified 34 species using a combination of DNA barcoding and morphology. We provide a genetic library of 57 DNA barcodes belonging to 37 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), including four BINs that could potentially represent species new to science. Leaf mines and leaf shelters are described and illustrated for 32 studied species, male or female genitalia as well as forewing patterns of adults are shown, especially for those species identified based on morphology. Three species, Micrurapteryx caraganella (Hering), Callisto insperatella (Nickerl), and Phyllonorycter junoniella (Zeller) are newly recorded from RFE. Five species previously known from some regions of RFE, were found for the first time in Amurskaya Oblast: Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Treitschke), Primorskii Krai: Ph. sorbicola Kumata and Sahkalin Island: Caloptilia heringi Kumata, Ph. ermani (Kumata) and Ph. ulmifoliella (Hübner). Eight gracillariid–plant associations are novel to science: Caloptilia gloriosa Kumata on Acer pseudosieboldianum, Cameraria niphonica Kumata on A. caudatum subsp. ukurundense, Parornix ermolaevi Kuznetzov on Corylus sieboldiana, Phyllonorycter ermani (Kumata) on Betula platyphylla, Ph. nipponicella (Issiki) on Quercus mongolica, Ph. orientalis (Kumata) and Ph. pseudojezoniella Noreika on Acer saccharum, Ph. sorbicola on Prunus maakii. For the first time we documented the “green island” phenotype on Phyllonorycter cavella (Zeller) mines on Betula platyphylla. Two pestiferous species have been recorded during our surveys: Micrurapteryx caraganella on ornamental Caragana arborescens in urban plantations in Amurskaya Oblast, and the lime leafminer Phyllonorycter issikii (Kumata), a species known to be native to RFE and invasive elsewhere in Russia and in European countries. A revised checklist of RFE gracillariids has been compiled. It accounts for 135 species among which 17 species (13%) are only known to occur in RFE. The gracillariid fauna of RFE is more similar to the Japanese fauna (49%), than to the fauna of the rest of Russia (i.e European part and Siberia) (32%).
Tracking a Long-Lasting Outer Tropical Cyclone Rainband: Origin and Convective Transformation
Authors: Yu Cheng-Ku , Lin Che-Yu , Luo Jhang-Shuo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study used radar and surface observations to track a long-lasting outer tropical cyclone rainband (TCR) of Typhoon Jangmi (2008) over a considerable period of time (~10 h) from its formative to mature stage. Detailed analyses of these unique observations indicate that the TCR was initiated on the eastern side of the typhoon at a radial distance of ~190 km as it detached from the upwind segment of a stratiform rainband located close to the inner-core boundary. The outer rainband, as it propagated cyclonically outward, underwent a prominent convective transformation from generally stratiform precipitation during the earlier period to highly organized, convective precipitation during its mature stage. The transformation was accompanied by a clear trend of surface kinematics and thermodynamics toward squall-line-like features. The observed intensification of the rainband was not simply related to the spatial variation of the ambient CAPE or potential instability; instead, the dynamical interaction between the prerainband vertical shear and cold pools, with progression toward increasingly optimal conditions over time, provides a reasonable explanation for the temporal alternation of the precipitation intensity. The increasing intensity of cold pools was suggested to play an essential role in the convective transformation for the rainband. The propagation characteristics of the studied TCR were distinctly different from those of wave disturbances frequently documented within the cores of tropical cyclones; however, they were consistent with the theoretically predicted propagation of convectively generated cold pools. The convective transformation, as documented in the present case, is anticipated to be one of the fundamental processes determining the evolving and structural nature of outer TCRs.
Recent Strengthening of the Relationship between the Western North Pacific Monsoon and Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity during the Boreal Summer
Authors: Zhao Haikun , Chen Shaohua , Klotzbach Philip J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study examines the association between the western North Pacific (WNP) summer monsoon (WNPSM) and WNP tropical cyclone (TC) frequency during June–August from 1979 to 2016. The interannual relationship between the WNPSM and the total number of WNP TCs has strengthened since 1998. There has also been a significant reduction in the number of TCs forming within the WNP monsoon trough (WNPMT)—hereafter called ITCs, for internal or inside TCs—since 1998. These two important features are found to be closely associated with the climate regime shift that occurred around 1998. During 1998–2016, the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) tended to be in a cold phase, with an increasing occurrence of central Pacific–type El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, whereas the 1979–97 period tended to be characterized by a warm phase of the PDO and east Pacific–type ENSO events. During 1998–2016, the tropical Pacific was characterized by enhanced easterlies, which led to a westward-retreated WNPMT that caused a significant decrease in ITCs over the WNP basin. However, there was little change in TCs outside of the WNPMT region (hereafter called OTCs) compared to that before 1998. A significant in-phase (out-of-phase) relationship between the WNPSM and the number of ITCs (OTCs) is observed before 1998, thus greatly weakening the WNPSM–TC relationship. The recent enhanced relationship between the WNPSM and TCs is mainly due to a strong in-phase relationship between the WNPSM and ITCs. The interannual change in ITCs is mainly controlled by WNPSM changes since 1998, while OTC changes are mainly modulated by changes in the tropical upper-tropospheric trough.
Living in quiet desperation: The mental health epidemic in Australia’s higher education
Authors: Usher Wayne 
Published: August 2019

Objective: This study sought to investigate the relationship between personal, university, home and community influences on Australia’s university students’ mental health status. Design: Positioned within a qualitative, interpretivist paradigm, the study collected data from participants ( n = 934) by means of an online survey requesting lived or witnessed experiences concerning mental health concerns. Bronfenbrenner’s socio-ecological model informed the design of the study. Setting: Five major Australian higher educational settings. Method: Leximancer software was used for concept development. Data were analysed using thematic coding. Results: Findings provide qualitative data of university students’ experiences concerning mental health status, as measured across four domains. Themes identified include personal (stress, anxiety, life skills), university (grades/free physical activity) and home (closer to home, support networks) dimensions. There was no unprompted reference to the community domain. Results reinforce the need to ensure that current and future student mental health policies and initiatives are implemented within each of the domains addressed – to ensure a more holistic approach to students’ well-being and care. Conclusion: Findings highlight challenges concerning Australia’s university students’ mental health status. Findings present an opportunity for the university sector, community health services, and sports and fitness organisations to develop and implement future collaborative health promotion in higher education settings.
Task Interruption and Control Recovery Strategies After Take-Over Requests Emphasize Need for Measures of Situation Awareness
Authors: Vogelpohl Tobias , Gehlmann Franziska , Vollrath Mark 
Published: August 2019

Objective Our objective was to determine whether there is a need to go beyond measures of automation deactivation time to understand the transition to manual driving after take-over requests (TORs) using the example of office tasks as nondriving-related tasks (NDRTs). Background Office tasks are likely NDRTs during automated commutes to/from work. Complex tasks can influence how manual control and visual attention is recovered after TORs. Method N = 51 participants in a driving simulator performed either one of two office tasks or no task (between subjects). We recorded reaction times in a high-urgency and low-urgency scenario (within subjects) and analyzed task interruption strategies. Results 90% of the participants who performed an NDRT deactivated the automation after 7 to 8 s. However, 90% of the same drivers looked at the side mirror for the first time only after 11 to 14 s. Drivers with office tasks either interrupted the tasks sequentially or in parallel. Strategies were not adapted to the take-over situation or the task but appeared to be due to individual preferences. Conclusion Drivers engaged in NDRTs may neglect lower priority subtasks after a TOR, such as mirror checking. Therefore, there is a need to go beyond measures of automation deactivation time to understand the transition to manual driving. Using analyses of attentional dynamics during take-over situations may enhance the safety of future car-driver handover assistance systems. Application If low driver availability is detected, TORs should only be used as a fallback option if sufficient time and adaptive driver support can be provided.
Effects of Initial Starting Distance and Gap Characteristics on Children’s and Young Adults’ Velocity Regulation When Intercepting Moving Gaps
Authors: Chung Hyun Chae , Choi Gyoojae , Azam Muhammad 
Published: August 2019

Objective This study investigated how children and young adults regulate their velocity when crossing roads under varying traffic conditions. Background To cross roads safely, pedestrians must adapt their movements to the moving vehicles around them while tightly coupling their movement to visual information. Method Using an Oculus Rift, 16 children and 16 young adults walked on a treadmill and intercepted gaps between two simulated moving vehicles in an immersive virtual environment. We varied the participants’ initial distance from the curb to the interception point, as well as gap characteristics, including gap size and vehicle size. Results Varying the initial distance led to systematic adjustments in participants’ approach velocities. The inter-vehicle gap and the vehicle size affected the crossing position induced by the initial distance. However, participants did not systematically scale their positions according to the initial distance in narrow gap. Notably, children did not finely tune their movements when they approached wide gap from a closer distance or when they approached the large vehicle from closer distance. Conclusion Children were less precise in coupling their movements to the moving vehicle in complex traffic environments. In particular, large moving vehicles approaching at closer distances can pose risks when children cross roads. Application These findings suggest the need for an intervention program to improve children’s skill in perceiving larger vehicles and timing their movements when crossing roads. We suggest using an interactive virtual reality system to practice this skill.
Group differences in social inclusion between young adults aged 18 to 25 with serious mental illness and same-aged peers from the general community
Authors: Gardner Andrew , Cotton Sue , O’Donoghue Brian , Killackey Eóin , Norton Peter , Filia Kate 
Published: August 2019

Aims: Young adults with serious mental illness (SMI) are thought to be socially excluded. However, psychometric measures of social inclusion have not been employed to examine group differences relative to peers from the general community. The aim of this study was to employ such a measure to determine differences in social inclusion between young adults with SMI and peers from the general community. Methods: A cross-sectional hierarchical logistic regression was conducted to identify which dimensions and individual indicators from the Filia Social Inclusion Measure (F-SIM) discriminated between n = 152 young adults aged 18–25 from the general community ( M = 21.36, SD = 2.16) and n = 159 young adults aged 18–25 with SMI ( M = 21.13, SD = 2.21). Results: Group membership was accounted for by Interpersonal Connections (Nagelkerke R2 = .32), Vocational & Financial Security (Nagelkerke R2 = .32) and Healthy Independent Lifestyle (Nagelkerke R2 = .08) dimensions of the F-SIM. Relative to young adults from the general community, those with SMI were five times less likely to feel they had friends who would call on them in a crisis, odds ratio (OR) = .19 (95%CI = .04, .53), p = .04, almost five times more likely to live with their parents, OR = 4.79 (95%CI = 1.98,11.15), p = .004, almost four times less likely to have worked/studied any time over the past 12 months, OR = .27 (95%CI = .11,.64), p < .001, and three-and-a-half times more likely to report unstable accommodation, OR = 3.58 (95%CI = 1.14, 11.15), p = .03. Conclusion: Young adults with SMI are socially excluded relative to peers from the general community in terms of interpersonal connections, vocational engagement, autonomy/independence and housing stability. In addition to the well-established focus on vocational engagement, interventions to improve social inclusion in this population must promote reciprocity within social relationships and healthy autonomy/independence (including stable housing).
The influence of gaseous microemboli on various biomarkers after minimized cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Stehouwer Marco C , de Vroege Roel , Bruggemans Eline F , Hofman Frederik N , Molenaar Meyke A , van Oeveren Wim , de Mol Bastian A , Bruins Peter 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Gaseous microemboli that originate from the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit may contribute to adverse outcome after cardiac surgery. We prospectively evaluated the influence of gaseous microemboli on the release of various biomarkers after use of a minimally invasive extracorporeal technology system. Methods: In 70 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with minimized cardiopulmonary bypass, gaseous microemboli were measured intraoperatively with a bubble counter. Intra- and postoperative biomarker levels for inflammatory response (interleukin-6, C5b-9), endothelial damage (von Willebrand factor, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, 8-isoprostane, neuroketal), and neurological injury (neuron-specific enolase, brain-type fatty acid-binding protein) were analyzed using immune assay techniques. The relationship between gaseous microemboli number or volume and the incremental area under the curve (iAUC24h) or peak change for the biomarkers was calculated. Results: All biomarkers except for malondialdehyde increased at least temporarily after coronary artery bypass grafting with a minimally invasive extracorporeal technology system. The median total gaseous microemboli number was 6,174 (interquartile range: 3,507-10,531) and the median total gaseous microemboli volume was 4.31 µL (interquartile range: 2.71-8.50). There were no significant correlations between total gaseous microemboli number or volume and iAUC24h or peak change for any of the biomarkers. After controlling for the variance of possible other predictor variables, multiple linear regression analysis showed no association between gaseous microemboli parameters and release of biomarkers. Conclusion: This study showed no evidence that gaseous microemboli contribute to increased biomarker levels after coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass. A reason for the absence of damage by gaseous microemboli may be the relative and considerably small amount of gaseous microemboli entering the patients in this study.