bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemical model for the formation of the Medek platinum-bearing dunite–wehrlite intrusion (East Sayan, Russia)
Authors: Mekhonoshin A.S. , Kolotilina T.B. , Doroshkov A.A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We study the behavior of a number of siderophile elements, including platinum-group elements, during the formation of the Medek dunite–wehrlite intrusion. Its structural position, internal structure, and mineralogical composition are presented; a 3D geochemical model is constructed. The forsterite content of olivine varies from 90 to 73% from top to bottom of the vertical cross section of the intrusion. In addition, there is a decrease in the volume content of olivine and the appearance of ilmenite instead of accessory Cr-spinel. The observed zonation in variations in the composition of rocks and minerals is consistent with magmatic differentiation in a sheet-like body, which changed its primary occurrence. A geodynamic scenario is proposed, which links the formation of the intrusion with the break-up of Rodinia and the further changes in the primary occurrence with subsequent accretion–collision events on the southern and southwestern margins of the Siberian craton in the period 600–450 Ma.
Geochemical evolution of the early Paleozoic collisional magmatism from autochthonous migmatites and granitoids to multiphase granite intrusions (Sharanur and Aya complexes, Baikal Region)
Authors: Antipin V.S. , Kushch L.V. , Sheptyakova N.V. , Vladimirov A.G. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Overall petrologic and geochemical data indicate that the early Paleozoic magmatism in the Olkhon area of the Baikal Region exhibits diverse types of granitoids, whose time of formation is estimated at a narrow age interval of 500–465 Ma. This magmatism was responsible for the formation of both autochthonous gneiss–migmatite–granitoid suites (Sharanur complex) and multiphase intrusions (Aya complex) emplaced into the upper horizons of the continental crust. In major-element chemistry, K2O/Na2O values, and rare-element composition the migmatite–plagiogranites and calc-alkaline and subalkaline granitoids of the Sharanur complex are similar to the host gneisses and schists, as they were likely derived from melting of the ancient metamorphic substratum of the Olkhon series. In new isotope-geochemical characteristics (ICP MS method) the Sharanur granitoids are close to the first-phase biotite granites of the Aya massif, whose further geochemical evolution was governed mainly by intrachamber magmatic differentiation leading to the production of second-phase leucogranites enriched in HREE and HFSE (in particular, Ta and Nb) and depleted in Sr, Ba, Eu, Li, and LREE. The origin of the autochthonous and intrusive granitoids is related to early Paleozoic collision events within the Olkhon metamorphic terrane, while the formation of syncollisional granitoids is best explained by both melting of the crust protolith (Sharanur complex) and magmatic differentiation (multiphase Aya intrusion). All mineralogical and geochemical characteristics indicate that these granitoids are distinguished from rare-metal pegmatoid granites and Li–F and Rb–Be–Nb pegmatites, whose vein bodies crosscut the granitoids, and are regarded as middle Paleozoic rocks, which mark the transition to within-plate magmatism in the Baikal Region.
Rare-metal pegmatoid granites, markers of the beginning of the Hercynian within-plate stage in the Ol’khon region of the Baikal area
Authors: Makrygina V.A. , Suvorova L.F. , Antipin V.S. , Makagon V.M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
On the background of Early Paleozoic precollisional, syncollisional, and late collisional igneous rocks prevailing in the region (Khaidai and Shara-Nur granitoids and Birkhin gabbroid complex), rare-metal pegmatoid granite bodies and pegmatites along the southern edge of the Ol’khon region are of particular interest. They have a Middle Paleozoic age (390–391 Ma), cut the Caledonides, and belong to different geochemical types. The Anga unit includes amazonite-containing Li–F–B pegmatites, which are also enriched in Ta, Nb, and W. In the Ol’khon Group, only one K-feldspathic body rich in Rb, Be, Nb, W, Sn, Sc, U, and Th, with large crystals of aquamarine, has been found. The compositions of granite–pegmatite bodies and accessory rare-metal minerals have been studied. The rare-metal granite–pegmatites probably form a peripheral zone of the Hercynian within-plate setting widespread in the eastern Baikal area and related to the influence of the Siberian hot spot.
Interactive effects of dietary fibre and lipid types modulate gastrointestinal flows and apparent digestibility of fatty acids in growing pigs
Authors: Ndou Saymore P. , Kiarie Elijah , Walsh Maria C. , Ames Nancy , de Lange Cornelis F. M. , Nyachoti Charles M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA total of eight ileal and caecal cannulated Yorkshire barrows were used to determine the interactions of dietary fibre (DF) and lipid types on apparent digestibility of DM and fatty acids (FA) and FA flows in gastrointestinal segments. Pigs were offered four diets that contained either pectin or cellulose with or without beef tallow or maize oil in two Youden square designs (n6). Each period lasted 15 d. Faeces, ileal and caecal contents were collected to determine apparent ileal digestibility (AID), apparent caecal digestibility and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dietary components. The interactions between DF and lipid types influenced (P<0·05) the digestibility of DM and FA flows. The addition of maize oil decreased (P<0·05) AID of DM in pectin diets, and the addition of beef tallow depressed (P<0·001) ATTD of DM in cellulose diets. Dietary supplementation with beef tallow decreased (P<0·05) the AID of FA in pectin-containing diets but had no effects in cellulose-containing diets. Dietary supplementation with beef tallow increased (P<0·05) AID of SFA and PUFA and the flow of ileal oleic, vaccenic, linolenic and eicosadienoic acids and reduced the flow of faecal lauric, docosatetraenoic and docosapentaenoic acids in pectin- and cellulose-containing diets. In conclusion, the interaction between DF type and lipid saturation modulates digestibility of DM and lipids and FA flows but differs for soluble and insoluble fibre sources, SFA and unsaturated fatty acids and varies in different gastrointestinal segments.
Exploration of the appropriate recommended nutrient intake of iodine in healthy Chinese women: an iodine balance experiment
Authors: Tan Long , Tian XiaoXiao , Wang WenQiang , Guo XiaoHui , Sang ZhongNa , Li Xiang , Zhang Pan , Sun Yu , Tang CaiYun , Xu Zhen , Shen Jun , Zhang WanQi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere is a dearth of data on the iodine balance studies of Chinese population. In the present study, we aimed to explore the appropriate recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of iodine based on healthy Chinese women. A 4-week study was conducted in twenty-five Chinese euthyroid women. Uniform diets with different iodine contents were provided in two different periods, in which non-iodised salt was given in the first 3 weeks, followed by 1 week of iodised salt administration. The total iodine intake from diet, water and air as well as the total iodine excretion through urine, faeces and respiration were monitored and determined. The sweat iodine loss was also considered. Moreover, the regression curve model was established between the 24 h iodine intake and 24 h iodine excretion. The 24 h iodine intake in the two periods was 194·8 (sd 62·9) and 487·1 (sd 177·3) μg/d, respectively. The 24 h iodine excretion was 130·9 (sd 39·5) and 265·4 (sd 71·8) μg/d, respectively. Both 24 h iodine intake and 24 h iodine excretion of the two periods were significantly different (all P<0·05). The iodised salt contributed approximately 62·7 % of the total daily iodine intake. Moreover, 92·3 % (277/300) of samples were in positive balance, while twenty-three cases were in negative balance. Our data show that the estimated average requirement for iodine was 110·5 μg/d. Therefore, the RNI for iodine to non-pregnant, non-lactating Chinese women was 154·7 μg/d.
The Northeast‐Southwest Oscillating Equatorial Mode of the Tropical Instability Wave and Its Impact on Equatorial Mixing
Authors: Liu Chuanyu , Wang Xiaowei , Köhl Armin , Wang Fan , Liu Zhiyu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe tropical instability waves (TIWs) in the eastern Pacific consist of waves with central periods of about 33 and 17 days. While the former manifest as vortices north of the equator, and are known to modulate diapycnal mixing at their southern edge, the latter remain largely unexplored. Here the structure of the 17‐day TIWs and the mechanism through which they may influence equatorial mixing are investigated based on long term in situ measurements and reanalysis data. Different from the well‐recognized meridional velocity oscillation, the 17‐day TIWs are found to induce northeast‐southwest (NE‐SW) velocity oscillations. They are confined within but asymmetric about the equator, differing from free Yanai waves, which they were commonly assumed to resemble. The vertical shear associated with the westward anomalous velocity superimposes on the shear of the mean flow, resulting in the strongest shear in the upper thermocline that is expected to facilitate diapycnal mixing therein.
Understanding the Uncertainty in the 21st Century Dynamic Sea Level Projections: The Role of the AMOC
Authors: Chen Changlin , Liu Wei , Wang Guihua 
Published: December 2018

AbstractClimate models show that the largest uncertainties in the 21st century dynamic sea level (DSL) projections are in the high latitudes of the North Atlantic and Southern Oceans. We conduct an intermodel singular value decomposition analysis and find that the DSL uncertainties in these two oceans are both intrinsically connected to the uncertainty in the change of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). We further conduct a freshwater hosing experiment to show that the AMOC decline not only accounts for the dipole pattern in the DSL change in the North Atlantic but also remotely induces a poleward shift in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies that helps build a belted pattern of DSL change in the Southern Ocean. Our results suggest that reducing the intermodel spread in the change of the AMOC can greatly improve the consistency of DSL projection among models not only in individual basins but over the global ocean.
Correlative Optical and X‐Ray Imaging of Strain Evolution During Double‐Torsion Fracture Toughness Measurements in Shale
Authors: Chandler Michael R. , Fauchille Anne‐Laure , Kim Ho Kyeom , Ma Lin , Mecklenburgh Julian , Rizzo Roberto , Mostafavi Mahmoud , Marussi Sebastian , Atwood Robert , May Steven , Azeem Mohammed , Rutter Ernie , Taylor Kevin , Lee Peter 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMode‐I Fracture Toughness, KIc, was measured in six shale materials using the double‐torsion technique. During loading, crack propagation was imaged both using twin optical cameras, and with fast X‐ray radiograph acquisition. Samples of Bowland, Haynesville, Kimmeridge, Mancos, Middlecliff, and Whitby shales were tested in a range of orientations. The measured fracture toughness values were found to be in good agreement with existing literature values. The two imaging techniques improve our understanding of local conditions around the fracture‐tip, through in situ correlation of mechanical data, inelastic zone size, and fracture‐tip velocity. The optical Digital Image Correlation technique proved useful as a means of determining the validity of individual experiments, by identifying experiments during which strains had developed in the two “rigid” specimen halves. Strain maps determined through Digital Image Correlation of the optical images suggest that the scale of the inelastic zone is an order of magnitude smaller than the classically used approximation suggests. This smaller damage region suggests a narrower region of enhanced permeability around artificially generated fractures in shales. The resolvable crack‐tip was tracked using radiograph data and found to travel at a velocity around 470 μm/s during failure, with little variation in speed between materials and orientations. Fracture pathways in the bedding parallel orientations were observed to deviate from linearity, commonly following layer boundaries. This suggests that while a fracture traveling parallel to bedding may travel at a similar speed to a bedding perpendicular fracture, it may have a more tortuous pathway, and therefore access a larger surface area.
Theory of Stable Multidomain Thermoviscous Remanence Based on Repeated Domain Wall Jumps
Authors: Berndt Thomas A. , Chang Liao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe developed a theory of multidomain (MD) thermoviscous remanence that can be solved analytically to yield an expression relating the blocking temperature of a MD grain to its relaxation time. This expression is analogous to Néel's widely used theory of single‐domain (SD) thermoviscous remanence but yields a different time‐temperature relationship. The theory is based on a two‐domain model with a domain wall (DW) that can jump between different pinning sites. In contrast to previous theories of this kind, our theory considers repeated DW jumps rather than a single jump in isolation. It is shown that while SD remanence behavior is fully described by the two quantities (V,HK0), that is, volume and microscopic coercivity, MD particle remanence depends on three quantities: volume, Barkhausen volume, and DW pinning field, denoted (V,VBark,HK0). “Pullaiah” nomograms of this new theory show that while small MD grains behave almost identically to SD grains, larger grains show different slopes depending on the above quantities. The theory predicts that MD grains can be highly stable remanence carriers, in particular showing a high thermal stability. Grains with weak pinning fields, however, while thermally stable, are highly unstable under alternating field (AF) demagnetization, being demagnetized under fields of a few millitesla. Our theory also explains (1) why samples dominated by MD grains show curved vector demagnetization plots for both thermal and AF demagnetization, as well as (2) why MD grains affect thermal demagnetization plots even at high temperatures, while their remanence is completely removed within the first few AF demagnetization steps.
Bigger Tides, Less Flooding: Effects of Dredging on Barotropic Dynamics in a Highly Modified Estuary
Authors: Ralston David K. , Talke Stefan , Geyer W. Rockwell , Al‐Zubaidi Hussein A. M. , Sommerfield Christopher K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSince the late nineteenth century, channel depths have more than doubled in parts of New York Harbor and the tidal Hudson River, wetlands have been reclaimed and navigational channels widened, and river flow has been regulated. To quantify the effects of these modifications, observations and numerical simulations using historical and modern bathymetry are used to analyze changes in the barotropic dynamics. Model results and water level records for Albany (1868 to present) and New York Harbor (1844 to present) recovered from archives show that the tidal amplitude has more than doubled near the head of tides, whereas increases in the lower estuary have been slight (<10%). Channel deepening has reduced the effective drag in the upper tidal river, shifting the system from hyposynchronous (tide decaying landward) to hypersynchronous (tide amplifying). Similarly, modeling shows that coastal storm effects propagate farther landward, with a 20% increase in amplitude for a major event. In contrast, the decrease in friction with channel deepening has lowered the tidally averaged water level during discharge events, more than compensating for increased surge amplitude. Combined with river regulation that reduced peak discharges, the overall risk of extreme water levels in the upper tidal river decreased after channel construction, reducing the water level for the 10‐year recurrence interval event by almost 3 m. Mean water level decreased sharply with channel modifications around 1930, and subsequent decadal variability has depended both on river discharge and sea level rise. Channel construction has only slightly altered tidal and storm surge amplitudes in the lower estuary.
Targeted chemotherapy for subcutaneous and orthotopic non-small cell lung tumors with cyclic RGD-functionalized and disulfide-crosslinked polymersomal doxorubicin
Authors: Zou Yan , Wei Jingjing , Xia Yifeng , Meng Fenghua , Yuan Jiandong , Zhong Zhiyuan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLung cancer, with its high mortality and increasing morbidity, has become one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Here, we developed cyclic RGD peptide-directed and disulfide-crosslinked polymersomal doxorubicin (cRGD-PS-Dox) as a targeted chemotherapy for human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Notably, cRGD-PS-Dox exhibited a high Dox loading (15.2 wt.%), small hydrodynamic diameter (96 nm), superb stability, prominent targetability to αvβ3 integrin overexpressing A549 human lung cancer cells, and rapid release of the drug into nuclei, leading to a significantly improved antitumor activity compared with the control groups, i.e., PS-Dox and Lipo-Dox (a liposome injection employed in clinical settings). The pharmacokinetic and biodistribution results for cRGD-PS-Dox revealed similar elimination half-lives but two-fold enhanced tumor accumulation compared with PS-Dox and Lipo-Dox. Intriguingly, cRGD-PS-Dox effectively suppressed the growth of A549 lung tumors in both subcutaneous and orthotopic models with minimal adverse effects at a Dox dose of 12 mg/kg, leading to significant survival benefits compared with PS-Dox and Lipo-Dox. This αvβ3 integrin-targeting multifunctional polymersomal doxorubicin is highly promising for targeted chemotherapy of human NSCLC.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: FOXM1 modulates 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in cholangiocarcinoma through thymidylate synthase (TYMS): implications of FOXM1–TYMS axis uncoupling in 5-FU resistance
Authors: Intuyod Kitti , Saavedra-García Paula , Zona Stefania , Lai Chun-Fui , Jiramongkol Yannasittha , Vaeteewoottacharn Kulthida , Pairojkul Chawalit , Yao Shang , Yong Jay-Sze , Trakansuebkul Sasanan , Waraasawapati Sakda , Luvira Vor , Wongkham Sopit , Pinlaor Somchai , Lam Eric W.-F. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFluorouracil (5-FU) is the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), but its efficacy has been compromised by the development of resistance. Development of 5-FU resistance is associated with elevated expression of its cellular target, thymidylate synthase (TYMS). E2F1 transcription factor has previously been shown to modulate the expression of FOXM1 and TYMS. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis revealed a strong correlated upregulation of FOXM1 (78%) and TYMS (48%) expression at the protein levels in CCA tissues. In agreement, RT-qPCR and western blot analyses of four human CCA cell lines at the baseline level and in response to high doses of 5-FU revealed good correlations between FOXM1 and TYMS expression in the CCA cell lines tested, except for the highly 5-FU-resistant HuCCA cells. Consistently, siRNA-mediated knockdown of FOXM1 reduced the clonogenicity and TYMS expression in the relatively sensitive KKU-D131 but not in the highly resistant HuCCA cells. Interestingly, silencing of TYMS sensitized both KKU-D131 and HuCCA to 5-FU treatment, suggesting that resistance to very high levels of 5-FU is due to the inability of the genotoxic sensor FOXM1 to modulate TYMS expression. Consistently, ChIP analysis revealed that FOXM1 binds efficiently to the TYMS promoter and modulates TYMS expression at the promoter level upon 5-FU treatment in KKU-D131 but not in HuCCA cells. In addition, E2F1 expression did not correlate with either FOXM1 or TYMS expression and E2F1 depletion has no effects on the clonogenicity and TYMS expression in the CCA cells. In conclusion, our data show that FOXM1 regulates TYMS expression to modulate 5-FU resistance in CCA and that severe 5-FU resistance can be caused by the uncoupling of the regulation of TYMS by FOXM1. Our findings suggest that the FOXM1–TYMS axis can be a novel diagnostic, predictive and prognostic marker as well as a therapeutic target for CCA.
GPx1 is involved in the induction of protective autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells in response to glucose deprivation
Authors: Meng Qingcai , Xu Jin , Liang Chen , Liu Jiang , Hua Jie , Zhang Yiyin , Ni Quanxing , Shi Si , Yu Xianjun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGiven the dense stroma and poor vascularization, access to nutrients is limited in the microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). PDA cells can efficiently recycle various metabolic substrates through the activation of different rescuing pathways, including the autophagy pathway. However, the precise roles of autophagy in cancer metabolism are not yet fully understood. In the present study, we first monitored the effect of glucose deprivation on autophagy and on the expression of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) in PDA cells under the glucose-free environment. Glucose starvation induced progressive autophagy activation in PDA cells via the activation of ROS/AMPK signaling. GPx1 degradation caused by glucose deprivation led to further ROS-dependent autophagy activation. Both GPx1 overexpression and autophagy inhibition sensitized cells to starvation-induced cell death through the activation of caspase-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, GPx1 may regulate glycolysis inhibition in PDA cells under glucose-deprived conditions. In summary, this study increases our understanding of the role of GPx1 in the induction of protective autophagy in PDA cells under extreme glucose starvation and may provide new therapeutic targets or innovative therapies.
Local hippocampal fast gamma rhythms precede brain-wide hyperemic patterns during spontaneous rodent REM sleep
Authors: Bergel Antoine , Deffieux Thomas , Demené Charlie , Tanter Mickaël , Cohen Ivan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRapid eye movement sleep (REMS) is a peculiar brain state combining the behavioral components of sleep and the electrophysiological profiles of wake. After decades of research our understanding of REMS still is precluded by the difficulty to observe its spontaneous dynamics and the lack of multimodal recording approaches to build comprehensive datasets. We used functional ultrasound (fUS) imaging concurrently with extracellular recordings of local field potentials (LFP) to reveal brain-wide spatiotemporal hemodynamics of single REMS episodes. We demonstrate for the first time the close association between global hyperemic events – largely outmatching wake levels in most brain regions – and local hippocampal theta (6–10 Hz) and fast gamma (80–110 Hz) events in the CA1 region. In particular, the power of fast gamma oscillations strongly correlated with the amplitude of subsequent vascular events. Our findings challenge our current understanding of neurovascular coupling and question the evolutionary benefit of such energy-demanding patterns in REMS function.