bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Replacing the Draize eye test: Impedance spectroscopy as a 3R method to discriminate between all GHS categories for eye irritation
Authors: Lotz C. , Kiesewetter L. , Schmid F. F. , Hansmann J. , Walles H. , Groeber-Becker F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHighly invasive animal based test procedures for risk assessment such as the Draize eye test are under increasing criticism due to poor transferability for the human organism and animal-welfare concerns. However, besides all efforts, the Draize eye test is still not completely replaced by alternative animal-free methods. To develop an in vitro test to identify all categories of eye irritation, we combined organotypic cornea models based on primary human cells with an electrical readout system that measures the impedance of the test models. First, we showed that employing a primary human cornea epithelial cell based model is advantageous in native marker expression to the primary human epidermal keratinocytes derived models. Secondly, by employing a non-destructive measuring system based on impedance spectroscopy, we could increase the sensitivity of the test system. Thereby, all globally harmonized systems categories of eye irritation could be identified by repeated measurements over a period of 7 days. Based on a novel prediction model we achieved an accuracy of 78% with a reproducibility of 88.9% to determine all three categories of eye irritation in one single test. This could pave the way according to the 3R principle to replace the Draize eye test.
Templated replication (or lack thereof) under prebiotically pertinent conditions
Authors: Bapat Niraja V. , Rajamani Sudha 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAccurate replication of encoded information would have been crucial for the formation and propagation of functional ribozymes during the early evolution of life. Studies aimed at understanding prebiotically pertinent nonenzymatic reactions have predominantly used activated nucleotides. However, the existence of concentrated pools of activated monomers on prebiotic Earth is debatable. In this study, we explored the feasibility of nonenzymatic copying reactions using the more prebiotically relevant 5′-nucleoside monophosphates (5′-NMP). These reactions, involving a 20-mer primer, were performed in the presence of amphiphiles, under volcanic geothermal conditions. Interestingly, the extended primer was not comparable to the expected full length 21-mer product. Our results suggest loss of the nitrogenous base in the extended primer. This phenomenon persisted even after lowering the temperature and when different rehydration solutions were used. We envisage that the loss of the informational moiety on the incoming 5′-NMP, might be occurring during addition of this monomer to the pre-existing oligomer. Significantly, when 5′-ribose monophosphate was used, multiple additions to the aforementioned primer were observed that resulted in hybrid polymers. Such hybrid oligomers could have been important for exploring a vast chemical space of plausible alternate nucleobases, thus having important implications for the origin of primitive informational polymers.
Losses of natural coastal wetlands by land conversion and ecological degradation in the urbanizing Chinese coast
Authors: Lin Qiaoying , Yu Shen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCoastal wetland ecosystems have experienced serious losses of area and ecological function and are currently facing worldwide challenges due to coastal development and global climate change. This study attempted to explore patterns and possible factors driving loss of natural coastal wetlands due to land conversion (permanent loss) and ecological degradation (temporal loss) in three urbanizing coastal city clusters, China in the period of 1990–2015. The natural coastal wetland area was substantially lost due to land conversion highly related to regional economic development. The ecological degradation, assessed as a function of surface water quality, resulted in much greater impairment area of natural coastal wetlands. This impairment was predominantly driven by inbound river pollutants’ discharge, rather than local discharge. This study suggests that the ecological degradation should be considered as well as the land conversion loss for conserving the remaining natural coastal wetland ecosystems. The pollutant discharges from the inbound river watersheds need to be mitigated as the local discharges for reducing the functional degradation of the natural coastal wetlands while the regional economic development plan should consider the conservation needs of the remaining natural coastal wetlands worldwide.
Viable Mice with Extensive Gene Humanization (25-kbp) Created Using Embryonic Stem Cell/Blastocyst and CRISPR/Zygote Injection Approaches
Authors: Leidy-Davis Tiffany , Cheng Kai , Goodwin Leslie O. , Morgan Judith L. , Juan Wen Chun , Roca Xavier , Ong S. Tiong , Bergstrom David E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHere, we describe an expansion of the typical DNA size limitations associated with CRISPR knock-in technology, more specifically, the physical extent to which mouse genomic DNA can be replaced with donor (in this case, human) DNA at an orthologous locus by zygotic injection. Driving our efforts was the desire to create a whole animal model that would replace 17 kilobase pairs (kbp) of the mouse Bcl2l11 gene with the corresponding 25-kbp segment of human BCL2L11, including a conditionally removable segment (2.9-kbp) of intron 2, a cryptic human exon immediately 3′ of this, and a native human exon some 20 kbp downstream. Using two methods, we first carried out the replacement by employing a combination of bacterial artificial chromosome recombineering, classic embryonic stem cell (ESC) targeting, dual selection, and recombinase-driven cassette removal (ESC/Blastocyst Approach). Using a unique second method, we employed the same vector (devoid of its selectable marker cassettes), microinjecting it along with redundant single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) and Cas9 mRNA into mouse zygotes (CRISPR/Zygote Approach). In both instances, we were able to achieve humanization of Bcl2l11 to the extent designed, remove all selection cassettes, and demonstrate the functionality of the conditionally removable, loxP-flanked, 2.9-kbp intronic segment.
Impulse dielectric behaviour of dry air in sphere‐plane gap
Authors: Jin Zilu , Li Feng , Lu Wu , Gao Yuan , Zhao Wenbin 
Published: October 2018

The dielectric strength of dry air is lower than that of SF6, so it is very difficult to use dry air in extra‐high‐voltage‐class gas‐insulated equipment. However, due to its environment‐friendly property, dry air is expected to be an alternative to SF6 in low‐voltage level gas‐insulated equipment. In order to study the possibility of dry air to be applied in equipment in the power distribution system, streamer and breakdown phenomena of dry‐air need to be carefully investigated. This study carried out an experimental study of impulse breakdown phenomena of dry air under a quasi‐uniform electric field. Results showed that the impulse breakdown voltage of dry air is higher under the positive polarity. Under the gas pressure of >0.4 MPa, the impulse breakdown voltage of minus 50% (V 50%) of dry air is >150 kV, which satisfies the basic impulse insulation level of the power distribution system equipment. Further, in the quasi‐uniform electric field, once streamer discharge appears, it always triggers an electrical breakdown. The development mechanisms for the breakdown of dry air under both positive and negative polarities are well discussed in this paper.
Novel method for restraining 35 kV shunt reactor switching overvoltage – phase controlled breaker
Authors: Zheng Yiming , Yu Bing , Xu Hua , Yan Dong , Li Xianliang , He Wenlin 
Published: October 2018

Phenomena such as current chopping, arc reignition and equivalent current chopping might appear when cutting off shunt reactor. Overvoltage caused by switching will lead to interphase fault in related equipment and inter‐turn insulation damage in the shunt reactor, which will threaten the safety of electrical equipment. In recent years, equipment breakdowns caused by 35 kV shunt reactor switching overvoltage in 220 kV substation occur frequently in China, endangering the safe and stable the power grid. In this study, the mechanism, perniciousness and suppression of shunt reactor switching overvoltage are systematically analysed. The strategy of phase controlled breaker is put forward, and the overvoltage measurement and power systems computer aided design (PSCAD)simulation analysis are carried out. The work and conclusion of this study provide the solutions and engineering experience for the switching overvoltage suppression of 35 kV shunt reactor.
The Use of Health Information Exchange to Augment Patient Handoff in Long-Term Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kruse Clemens , Marquez Gabriella , Nelson Daniel , Palomares Olivia 
Published: October 2018

Background Legislation aimed at increasing the use of a health information exchange (HIE) in healthcare has excluded long-term care facilities, resulting in a vulnerable patient population that can benefit from the improvement of communication and reduction of waste.
Objective The purpose of this review is to provide a framework for future research by identifying themes in the long-term care information technology sector that could function to enable the adoption and use of HIE mechanisms for patient handoff between long-term care facilities and other levels of care to increase communication between providers, shorten length of stay, reduce 60-day readmissions, and increase patient safety.
Methods The authors conducted a systematic search of literature through CINAHL, PubMed, and Discovery Services for Texas A&M University Libraries. Search terms used were (“health information exchange” OR “healthcare information exchange” OR “HIE”) AND (“long term care” OR “long-term care” OR “nursing home” OR “nursing facility” OR “skilled nursing facility” OR “SNF” OR “residential care” OR “assisted living”). Articles were eligible for selection if they were published between 2010 and 2017, published in English, and published in academic journals. All articles were reviewed by all reviewers and literature not relevant to the research objective was excluded.
Results Researchers selected and reviewed 22 articles for common themes. Results concluded that the largest facilitator and barrier to the adoption of HIE mechanisms is workflow integration/augmentation and the organizational structure/culture, respectively. Other identified facilitator themes were enhanced communication, increased effectiveness of care, and patient safety. The additional barriers were missing/incomplete data, inefficiency, and market conditions.
Conclusion The long-term care industry has been left out of incentives from which the industry could have benefited tremendously. Organizations that are not utilizing health information technology mechanisms, such as electronic health records and HIEs, are at a disadvantage as insurers switch to capitated forms of payment that rely on reduced waste to generate a profit.
Time to Delivery after Scheduled Shirodkar Cerclage Removal in Singleton Gestations based on the Original Indication for Cerclage Placement
Authors: Fox Nathan , Lam-Rachlin Jennifer , Gupta Simi , Naqvi Mariam , Romero Julie , Rebarber Andrei , Bigelow Catherine 
Published: October 2018

Objective To estimate the time to delivery after elective cerclage removal and evaluate whether there is a difference based on the indication for cerclage placement.
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort of singleton pregnancies that underwent Shirodkar cerclage placement at a single maternal–fetal medicine practice between June 2005 and June 2017. We included all scheduled elective cerclage removals >36 weeks. The primary outcome was latency to delivery. We further compared time to delivery based on the original indication for cerclage. Data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance and chi-square test.
Results A total of 143 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 40.6% were history indicated, 51.0% ultrasound indicated, and 8.4% exam indicated. The mean time from removal to delivery was 13.3 ± 8.4 days; 12.6% (18/136) of patients delivered within 24 hours of removal. When stratified by indication for cerclage, there were no significant differences for all delivery outcomes. Delaying cerclage removal to >37 weeks resulted in a statistically significantly later gestational age at delivery compared with removal between 36 and 366/7 weeks (39.0 vs. 38.3 weeks, p = 0.001).
Conclusion The mean time from elective Shirodkar cerclage removal to delivery is 13 days with only 12.6% of patients delivering within 24 hours of removal.
Planning and design approach in Islamic green city towards sustainable city: the case of Martapura
Authors: Caesarina H M , Aina N 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Global climate is changing and the green dimension of sustainable development has becoming an imperious agenda for all countries to pursue. Indonesia as part of Asia (which is the most populous Muslim majority country in the world) faces serious environmental problem, and uses the green city concept in most of its Islamic cities. Martapura, as one of the capital city in Indonesia is famous as an Islamic city with great vision and mission for green city. This study analyses the context of urban planning and design approach in Islamic Green city to help improving the quality of environment towards sustainable city. This is a descriptive-analysis study, and data collection conducted by documents and field survey. It concludes lessons learned from the practice of planning and design in Martapura and presents recommendations in planning and design approach for urban planner and designer to make a city more sustainable from an Islamic green city context.
Inferring mobility measures from GPS traces with missing data
Authors: Barnett Ian , Onnela Jukka-Pekka 
Published: October 2018

SummaryWith increasing availability of smartphones with Global Positioning System (GPS) capabilities, large-scale studies relating individual-level mobility patterns to a wide variety of patient-centered outcomes, from mood disorders to surgical recovery, are becoming a reality. Similar past studies have been small in scale and have provided wearable GPS devices to subjects. These devices typically collect mobility traces continuously without significant gaps in the data, and consequently the problem of data missingness has been safely ignored. Leveraging subjects’ own smartphones makes it possible to scale up and extend the duration of these types of studies, but at the same time introduces a substantial challenge: to preserve a smartphone’s battery, GPS can be active only for a small portion of the time, frequently less than $10\%$, leading to a tremendous missing data problem. We introduce a principled statistical approach, based on weighted resampling of the observed data, to impute the missing mobility traces, which we then summarize using different mobility measures. We compare the strengths of our approach to linear interpolation (LI), a popular approach for dealing with missing data, both analytically and through simulation of missingness for empirical data. We conclude that our imputation approach better mirrors human mobility both theoretically and over a sample of GPS mobility traces from 182 individuals in the Geolife data set, where, relative to LI, imputation resulted in a 10-fold reduction in the error averaged across all mobility features.
Predictors of Success for Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Wiegersma Marian , Panman Chantal M C R , Hesselink Liesbeth C , Malmberg Alec G A , Berger Marjolein Y , Kollen Boudewijn J , Dekker Janny H 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Although the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training in women with prolapse has been demonstrated in several studies, there seem to be subgroups of responders and nonresponders.

Objective
The objective of this study was to identify factors that predict treatment success in women receiving pelvic floor muscle training for prolapse.

Design
The design was a secondary analysis of data from 2 randomized controlled trials comparing conservative prolapse treatments.

Methods
After 12 months, 172 women subjectively assessed treatment success ("better") or failure ("the same" or "worse"). Potential predictors were identified by a literature search and by consultation with experts in the field of urogynecology and pelvic floor muscle training. The relationship between potential predictors and treatment success was explored using logistic regression analysis.

Results
Treatment was successful in 94 women (55%) and unsuccessful in 78 women (45%). The presence of ≥1 indicators of obstetric trauma (eg, high birth weight, episiotomy, perineal laceration during vaginal delivery, forceps delivery, or vacuum extraction) (odds ratio = 4.4; 95% CI = 1.6–12.0) and younger age (odds ratio = 0.94 per year; 95% CI = 0.9–1.0) independently predicted treatment success. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the final model was 0.65 (95% CI = 0.57–0.74), and the model explained 11.7% of the variance.

Limitations
Although attempts were made to include all relevant predictors, the selection or operationalization of variables could have been incomplete or insufficient.

Conclusions
Identifying women who have prolapse and are likely to benefit most from pelvic floor muscle training is of great importance to clinical practice. In this study, 2 factors that independently predicted favorable outcomes were identified with this management approach. However, further research is needed to identify other predictive factors and to validate a new model in another population.
Adherence to a Long-Term Physical Activity and Exercise Program After Stroke Applied in a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gunnes Mari , Langhammer Birgitta , Aamot Inger-Lise , Lydersen Stian , Ihle-Hansen Hege , Indredavik Bent , Reneflot Kristine H , Schroeter Walburga , Askim Torunn ,   LAST Collaboration group
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Persistent physical activity is important to maintain motor function across all stages after stroke.

Objective
The objective of this study was to investigate adherence to an 18-month physical activity and exercise program.

Design
The design was a prospective, longitudinal study including participants who had had a stroke randomly allocated to the intervention arm of a randomized controlled trial.

Methods
The intervention consisted of individualized monthly coaching by a physical therapist who motivated participants to adhere to 30 minutes of daily physical activity and 45 minutes of weekly exercise over an 18-month period. The primary outcome was the combination of participants' self-reported training diaries and adherence, as reported by the physical therapists. Mixed-effect models were used to analyze change in adherence over time. Intensity levels, measured by the Borg scale, were a secondary outcome.

Results
In total, 186 informed, consenting participants who had had mild-to-moderate stroke were included 3 months after stroke onset. Mean age was 71.7 years (SD = 11.9). Thirty-four (18.3%) participants withdrew and 9 (4.8%) died during follow-up. Adherence to physical activity and exercise each month ranged from 51.2% to 73.1%, and from 63.5% to 79.7%, respectively. Adherence to physical activity increased by 2.6% per month (odds ratio = 1.026, 95% CI = 1.014–1.037). Most of the exercise was performed at moderate-to-high intensity levels, ranging from scores of 12 to 16 on the Borg scale, with an increase of 0.018 points each month (95% CI = 0.011–0.024).

Limitations
Limitations included missing information about adherence for participants with missing data and reasons for dropout.

Conclusions
Participants with mild and moderate impairments after stroke who received individualized regular coaching established and maintained moderate-to-good adherence to daily physical activity and weekly exercise over time.
What Are People Looking for When They Google “Self-Abortion”?
Authors: Jerman Jenna , Onda Tsuyoshi , Jones Rachel K. 
Published: October 2018

(Abstracted from Contraception 2018;97:510–514)
Some adolescents and young women may seek to terminate pregnancies outside of a clinical setting when clinical abortion services are unavailable, inaccessible, or unacceptable. Lack of information about abortion options is one barrier for these women.
Prenatal Correction of X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
Authors: Schneider Holm , Faschingbauer Florian , Schuepbach-Mallepell Sonia , Körber Iris , Wohlfart Sigrun , Dick Angela , Wahlbuhl Mandy , Kowalczyk-Quintas Christine , Vigolo Michele , Kirby Neil , Tannert Corinna , Rompel Oliver , Rascher Wolfgang , Beckmann Matthias W. , Schneider Pascal 
Published: October 2018

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2018;378:1604–1610)
Infants with a genetic deficiency of ectodysplasin A (EDA), resulting from a loss of function variant of the gene EDA, have a condition known as X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED). This condition results in irreversible impairment of the sweat glands and can lead to life-threatening hyperthermia after birth.
Precision Medicine in Assisted Conception: A Multicenter Observational Treatment Cohort Study of the Annexin A5 M2 Haplotype as a Biomarker for Antithrombotic Treatment to Improve Pregnancy Outcome
Authors: Fishel Simon , Baker Deborah , Elson Janine , Ragunath Maha , Atkinson Glenn , Shaker Adel , Omar Ahmed , Kazem Rahnuma , Beccles Ashley , Greer Ian A. 
Published: October 2018

(Abstracted from EBioMedicine 2016;10:298–304)
More than 25% of pregnancies are affected by pregnancy failure and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications (PMPCs). Although there is biological plausibility for coagulation activation being an underlying mechanism for a proportion of PMPC events, several trials of antithrombotic intervention in women at risk of PMPC have found it to be ineffective.
Flexor to Extensor Tendon Transfer and Weil Osteotomy to Treat Grade IV Plantar Plate Tears
Authors: Nery Caio , Baumfeld Tiago , Raduan Fernando , Baumfeld Daniel 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
The plantar plate (PP) plays an important role in the stabilization of the lesser metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints. Lesser toes’ gross deformities are associated with high-grade PP tears, according to the anatomic classification. The aim of this study was to describe the outcomes of 11 patients with PP tears grade IV, treated with the Girdlestone-Taylor-Parrish (GTP) technique, associated with a Weil osteotomy.

Materials and Methods:
Seventeen MTP joints with instability were treated with the GTP technique associated with a Weil osteotomy. All individuals had forefoot pain and some degree of crossover of the second (or second and third) toe(s) with clinical signs of complete rupture of the PP. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively (12-month follow-up) with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score, visual analog pain scale, toe purchase, toe elevation, joint stability, and joint congruency. Eight patients (8/11) declared that they were satisfied or very satisfied at the final follow-up.

Results:
The second MTP joint was the most commonly affected (14/17), followed by the third MTP joint (3/17). Our results reached high positive findings with 15/17 congruent joints at the postoperative radiograph, 8/17 joints presenting no elevation in the postoperative observation, and 17 joints with stability improvements and no major complications.

Conclusions:
The GTP technique associated with the Weil osteotomy is a reliable option for treating grade IV PP tears. The limitations of our study were the small number of patients analyzed, the absence of a control group, and the minimum follow-up period of 12 months.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level 4. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.