bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral candidal carriage correlates with CD4+ cell count but not with HIV and highly active antiretroviral therapy status
Authors: Sah Parul , Patel Pratik , Chandrashekar Chetana , Martena Suganthi , Ballal Mamatha , Hegde Manjayya , Guddattu Vasudeva , Murdoch Craig , Sharma Mohit , Radhakrishnan Raghu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe occurrence of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) may be influenced by oral candidal carriage (OCC). Although OPC is strongly associated with low CD4+ cell count (400‐700 cells/mm3) and a lack of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the effect of these two parameters on OCC is debatable. We investigated the oral candidal carriage, species diversity, antifungal susceptibility and the association of OCC with CD4+ cell count and HAART.MethodsOral candidal isolates from 120 HIV+ patients (60 receiving and 60 not receiving HAART) and 60 healthy controls were quantified, and their species determined using standard culture and biochemical methods, followed by antifungal susceptibility testing using the agar dilution method.ResultsThe OCC was significantly higher in HIV+ patients; Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species in both groups, followed by Candida tropicalis. Candidal density carriage correlated significantly with CD4+ cell count, but not with HIV and HAART status. Among the isolates from HIV+ patients, 35.4% showed reduced susceptibility to fluconazole.ConclusionHIV status results in significantly elevated rates of OCC C albicans remains the predominant pathogen, although other species are emerging rapidly. Resistance to fluconazole is on the rise, and more efficient treatment strategies need to be implemented.
Dissemination of PhD Dissertation Research by Dissertation Format: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Smaldone Arlene , Heitkemper Elizabeth , Jackman Kasey , Joanne Woo Kyungmi , Kelson Judith 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeThe study purpose was to compare dissemination of PhD dissertation research by dissertation format: traditional (five‐chapter document providing a complete and systematic account of the PhD research) versus an alternate (substudy [document containing three smaller studies but not written as stand‐alone manuscripts] or publication [document containing three or more related manuscripts intended for submission or published in a peer‐reviewed journal]) format.DesignA retrospective study of all PhD dissertations (1999–2019) from one research intensive school of nursing.MethodsFollowing identification of graduates via the school's PhD database, we searched ProQuest and PubMed databases for the dissertation and first authored peer‐reviewed publications of each graduate to determine dissertation format, study design, timing and number of dissertation research publications, and inclusion of dissertation sponsor in authorship. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon rank sum tests.FindingsOf 113 graduates, 80 (70.8%) employed a traditional format, with the remaining graduates structuring dissertations using an alternate (substudy [n = 12], publication [n = 21]) format. Of those using the traditional format, 33 graduates (41.3%) never published dissertation research findings in a peer‐reviewed journal. For those who published their dissertation research in a peer‐reviewed journal, time to first publication was 1.4 ± 2.1 years (median 1.6 years) following degree conferral. In contrast, all graduates who utilized alternate formats published one or more components of their dissertation research with shorter time to first published manuscript (‐0.6 ± 1.1 years; median ‐0.5 years; p < .001). Number of peer‐reviewed publications was higher for those who utilized an alternate format compared to the traditional format (2.9 ± 1.5 [median 3.0] vs. 1.8 ± 1.1 [median 1.0], p = .001). Acknowledgment of the sponsor's contribution via publication authorship was higher for those using an alternate format compared to the traditional format (100% vs. 70.2%).ConclusionsNumber and timeliness of peer‐reviewed publications stemming from dissertation research was higher for PhD graduates who utilized an alternate dissertation format. Alternate dissertation formats should be encouraged by PhD programs as one means to improve dissemination of PhD nursing research.Clinical RelevanceDissemination of PhD research through peer‐reviewed publications promotes the continued development of nursing science to inform nursing practice and advances the career trajectory of PhD graduates.
Lymphatic clearance is the main drainage route of lamotrigine-loaded micelles following delivery to the brain
Authors: Yan Jiaqi , Ren Jialin , Zhu Yu , Lin Yanzhen , Chen Gang , Hou Dongzhi , Lv Zhufen , Zhou Jiaxin , Chen Yanzhong , Yang Fan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the clearance pathways of lamotrigine (LTG)-loaded micelles by intranasal administration and intracerebral injection in the brain and whether nanoparticles can induce the inflammation promoted by interleukin-6 (IL-6), accelerating the phagocytosis of drug particles in the brain and drainage through lymphatics.

Methods
The drug concentrations in the deep cervical lymph node, superficial cervical lymph node, brain tissues and jugular vein, the pharmacokinetic parameters, and the concentrations of IL-6 in deep cervical lymph node and brain tissues were investigated following UPLC/MS, DAS3.0, ELISA statistically analysed.

Key findings
The AUC0–t of deep cervical lymph node after intranasal and intracerebral injection was 1.93, 2.77, 1.34 times and 3.06, 16.4, 3.34 times higher compared with the superficial cervical lymph node, jugular vein and brain tissue, respectively. After intranasal administration of lamotrigine-loaded micelles for 30 min, the IL-6 concentrations in deep cervical lymph node and brain tissue were significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
These results suggested that lamotrigine micelles were primarily cleared from the brain by lymphatics rather than blood clearance. Also, the nanoparticle induced the increase in IL-6 level after entering the brain suggested that nanoparticles might induce the inflammation promoted by IL-6 in the brain, accelerating the clearance of drug particles in the brain and drainage through lymphatics.
Prospective pilot study for evaluation of high‐flow oxygen therapy in dyspnoeic dogs: the HOT‐DOG study
Authors: Pouzot‐Nevoret C. , Hocine L. , Nègre J. , Goy‐Thollot I. , Barthélemy A. , Boselli E. , Bonnet J. M. , Allaouchiche B. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo describe the use, effectiveness and tolerance of high‐flow oxygen therapy in dyspnoeic dogs.Materials and MethodsProspectively, dogs in acute respiratory distress admitted to an intensive care unit between January and May 2018 that failed to respond to nasal oxygen therapy and medical stabilisation after 30 minutes were transitioned to high‐flow oxygen therapy. High‐flow oxygen therapy, delivered an inspired oxygen fraction of 100% using an air/oxygen blender, active humidifier, single warmed tube and specific nasal cannula. Respiratory rate, pulse oximetry (SpO2), heart rate and a tolerance score were assessed every 15 minutes from T0 (under nasal oxygen) to 1 hour (T60), and PaO2 and PaCO2 at T0 and T60. Complications were recorded for each dog.ResultsEleven dogs were included. At T60, PaO2, flow rate and SpO2 were significantly greater than at T0 (171 ± 123 versus 73 ± 24 mmHg; P=0.015; 18 ±12 L/minute versus 3.2 ± 2.0 L/minute, P<0.01; 97.7 ±2.3% versus 91.6 ±7.2%, P=0.03, respectively). There was no significant difference in PaCO2, respiratory rate or heart rate between T0 and T60. Tolerance was excellent, and there were no complications.Clinical SignificanceHigh‐flow oxygen therapy improves markers of oxygenation in dyspnoeic dogs and is an effective means to deliver oxygen with comfort and minimal complications.
Assessment of real‐time and quantitative changes in renal hemodynamics in healthy overweight males: Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography vs para‐aminohippuric acid clearance
Authors: Muskiet Marcel H. A. , Emanuel Anna L. , Smits Mark M. , Tonneijck Lennart , Meijer Rick I. , Joles Jaap A. , Serné Erik H. , van Raalte Daniël H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the ability of renal contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) to detect acute drug‐induced changes in renal perfusion (using the glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 receptor agonist exenatide and nitric oxide [NO]‐synthase inhibitor L‐NG‐monomethyl arginine [l‐NMMA]), and assess its correlation with gold standard‐measured effective renal plasma flow in humans.MethodsIn this prespecified exploratory analysis of a placebo‐controlled cross‐over study, renal hemodynamics was assessed in 10 healthy overweight males (aged 20‐27 years; BMI 26‐31 kg/m2) over two separate testing days; during placebo (isotonic saline) and subsequent exenatide infusion (Day‐A), and during l‐NMMA, and subsequent exenatide plus l‐NMMA infusion (Day‐B). Renal cortical microvascular blood flow was estimated following microbubble infusion and CEUS destruction‐refilling‐sequences. Renal cortical microvascular blood flow was compared with simultaneously measured effective renal plasma flow in humans, derived from para‐aminohippuric acid‐clearance methodology.ResultsOn Day‐A, effective renal plasma flow increased by 68 [26‐197] mL/min/1.73 m2 during exenatide vs placebo infusion (+17%; P = .015). In parallel, exenatide increased renal cortical microvascular blood flow, from 2.42 × 10−4 [6.54 × 10−5‐4.66 × 10−4] AU to 4.65 × 10−4 [2.96 × 10−4‐7.74 × 10−4] AU (+92%; P = .027). On Day‐B, effective renal plasma flow and renal cortical microvascular blood flow were reduced by l‐NMMA, with no significant effect of concomitant exenatide on renal hemodynamic‐indices assessed by either technique. Effective renal plasma flow correlated with renal cortical microvascular blood flow on Day‐A (r = .533; P = .027); no correlation was found on Day‐B.ConclusionsContrast‐enhanced ultrasonography can detect acute drug‐induced changes human renal hemodynamics. CEUS‐assessed renal cortical microvascular blood flow moderately associates with effective renal plasma flow, particularly when perfusion is in normal‐to‐high range. Renal CEUS cannot replace effective renal plasma flow measurements, but may be a complementary tool to characterize regional kidney perfusion.
Redescription of Macurdablastus and redefinition of Eublastoidea as a clade of Blastoidea (Echinodermata)
Authors: Bauer Jennifer E. , Waters Johnny A. , Sumrall Colin D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEublastoids are a large clade of blastoids; stemmed blastozoan echinoderms diagnosed by their conservative body plan (three basals, four deltoid plates and five radial plates), lancet plate supporting the ambulacra, and hydrospire respiratory structures. Although Eublastoidea was a highly successful clade in the middle and late Palaeozoic it is absent from early echinoderm radiations seen in the Cambrian and Ordovician record. Here we provide a re‐evaluation of Macurdablastus uniplicatus Broadhead from the Ordovician, using detailed morphological assessment based on advanced synchrotron tomography and phylogenetic analysis. Macurdablastus uniplicatus falls outside Eublastoidea because of the morphological differences in lancet plate and respiratory structures. The oldest recorded eublastoid is thus middle Silurian in age. The re‐evaluation of the morphology of Macurdablastus provides a basis for revising blastoid phylogeny and classification.
A social rank approach to disordered eating: Exploring relationships between shame, fears of compassion, striving, and body shame
Authors: Mendes Catarina Borralho , Ferreira Cláudia 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesThe impact of a social rank mentality on eating‐related difficulties has been previously recognized, although mediating processes involved remain to be clarified. The current study aimed to explore the roles of insecure striving and body image shame on the relationships between external shame and fears of receiving compassion from others with eating difficulties, while controlling forBMIeffects.MethodsA total of 335 women from the general population participated in this study, aged between 18 and 62 years, who completed an investigation protocol, with self‐report measures.ResultsPath analysis results showed that, when controlling forBMI, external shame and fears of compassion from others presented an indirect effect on eating difficulties, mediated by insecure striving and body image shame. The model explained 63% of the variance of eating‐related difficulties.ConclusionsFindings suggest that, in Western societies, women who highly feel that others negatively evaluate the self and present higher levels of fears of receiving compassion from others may endorse maladaptive strategies (as insecure striving) which in turn may lead to experiencing greater levels of body image shame and eating‐related difficulties.Practitioner pointsThis study suggests that therapists may observe that individuals who are vulnerable to developing body image and eating‐related difficulties present high levels of shame and fears of compassion from others, as well as a need to compete to avoid inferiority.Therapeutic targets for people with eating‐related difficulties may focus on shame, insecure striving, and fears of receiving compassionate and affiliative emotions.Addressing fears of receiving compassion and reducing shame may decrease the need to compete to avoid undesired inferiority and facilitate adaptive eating attitudes and behaviours.
Root cortical anatomy is associated with differential pathogenic and symbiotic fungal colonization in maize
Authors: Galindo‐Castañeda Tania , Brown Kathleen M. , Kuldau Gretchen A. , Roth Gregory W. , Wenner Nancy G. , Ray Swayamjit , Schneider Hannah , Lynch Jonathan P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRoot anatomical phenotypes vary among maize (Zea mays) cultivars and may have adaptive value by modifying the metabolic cost of soil exploration. However, the microbial trade‐offs of these phenotypes are unknown. We hypothesized that nodal roots of maize with contrasting cortical anatomy have different patterns of mutualistic and pathogenic fungal colonization. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in the field and mesocosms, root rots in the field, and Fusarium verticillioides colonization in mesocosms were evaluated in maize genotypes with contrasting root cortical anatomy. Increased aerenchyma and decreased living cortical area were associated with decreased mycorrhizal colonization in mesocosm and field experiments with inbred genotypes. In contrast, mycorrhizal colonization of hybrids increased with larger aerenchyma lacunae; this increase coincided with larger root diameters of hybrid roots. F. verticillioides colonization was inversely correlated with living cortical area in mesocosm‐grown inbreds, and no relation was found between root rots and living cortical area or aerenchyma in field‐grown hybrids. Root rots were positively correlated with cortical cell file number and inversely correlated with cortical cell size. Mycorrhizae and root rots were inversely correlated in field‐grown hybrids. We conclude that root anatomy is associated with differential effects on pathogens and mycorrhizal colonization of nodal roots in maize.
Pediatric generalized lichen nitidus treated with natural sunlight therapy
Authors: Berman Hannah , Truong Allison , Cheng Carol E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLichen nitidus is a benign inflammatory dermatosis that typically presents in a localized distribution. We present the rare case of a 6‐year‐old boy with a 1‐year history of generalized lichen nitidus with limited access to narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy. Over the course of a summer, he had complete and lasting resolution of generalized lichen nitidus after daily natural sunlight exposure. This case demonstrates a rare variant of lichen nitidus and a practical treatment alternative to in‐office phototherapy.
Highly sensitive chimerism detection in blood is associated with increased risk of relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in childhood leukemia
Authors: Haugaard Anna Karen , Madsen Hans Ole , Marquart Hanne Vibeke , Rosthøj Susanne , Masmas Tania Nicole , Heilmann Carsten , Müller Klaus Gottlob , Ifversen Marianne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAnalysis of chimerism in blood post‐HCT using STR‐PCR is routinely applied in parallel with quantification of MRD to predict relapse of leukemia. RQ‐PCR chimerism is 10‐ to 100‐fold more sensitive, but clinical studies in children are sparse. We analyzed IMC in blood samples following transplantation for acute lymphoblastic or myeloid leukemia in 56 children. IMC was defined as a minimum increase of (a) 0.1% or (b) 0.05% recipient DNA between two samples. The risk of relapse was higher in children with IMC of both 0.1% and 0.05% compared to children without IMC (HR 12.8 [95% CI: 3.9‐41.4;P < .0001] and 7.6 [95% CI: 2.2‐26.9;P < .01], respectively). The first IMC was detected at a median of 208 days prior to relapse. The 5‐year cumulative incidence of relapse for children with a single IMC was 45.5% (CI 12.3‐74.4) and 41.0% (14.2‐66.6) for IMC above 0.1% and 0.05%, respectively. However, in 47 and 38 children never attaining IMC > 0.1% and >0.05%, 10 and 8 children relapsed, respectively. In a landmark analysis, no association was found between IMC prior to 90 days post‐HCT and subsequent relapse by either classification of IMC and AUC for RQ‐PCR chimerism was 54.2% (95 CI 27.7‐ 84.8). Although limited by a retrospective design, these results indicate that monitoring of RQ‐PCR chimerism in peripheral blood may have a role in early detection of relapse in acute childhood leukemia.
UK Regional Nowcasting Using a Mixed Frequency Vector Auto-Regressive Model with Entropic Tilting
Authors: Koop Gary , McIntyre Stuart , Mitchell James 
Published: July 2019

SummaryOutput growth data for the UK regions are available at only annual frequency and are released with significant delay. Regional policy makers would benefit from more frequent and timely data. We develop a stacked, mixed frequency vector auto-regression to provide, each quarter, nowcasts of annual output growth for the UK regions. The information that we use to update our regional nowcasts includes output growth data for the UK as a whole, as these aggregate data are released in a more timely and frequent (quarterly) fashion than the regional disaggregates which they comprise. We show how entropic tilting methods can be adapted to exploit the restriction that UK output growth is a weighted average of regional growth. In our realtime nowcasting application we find that the stacked mixed frequency vector-autoregressive model, with entropic tilting, provides an effective means of nowcasting the regional disaggregates exploiting known information on the aggregate.
Understanding informal caregivers' motivation from the perspective of self‐determination theory: an integrative review
Authors: Dombestein Heidi , Norheim Anne , Lunde Husebø Anne Marie 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundA long‐term illness is stressful both for the person with the diagnosis and for his or her informal caregivers. Many people willingly assume the caregiving role, so it is important to understand why they stay in this role and how their motivation affects their health. Self‐determination theory (SDT) is a theory of human motivation that has been successfully applied in human research domains. To our knowledge, there is no literature review on the application of SDT in a caregiver context. A systematic review of the literature could improve the understanding of motivation in caregiver work and contribute to the utility of SDT.AimTo describe and explore empirical studies of caregivers' motivation from the perspective of self‐determination theory.MethodsAn integrative literature review according to Whittemore and Knafl was conducted with systematic repetitive searches in the MEDLINE, Scopus, PsychInfo, PsycNET, Chinal, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases. The searches were performed from May through December 2018. The PRISMA diagram was used for study selection, and papers were assessed for quality based on the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data analysis consisted of a four‐stage narrative analysis method.ResultOf 159 articles, 10 were eligible for inclusion. All studies considered satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs for competence, autonomy and relatedness as essential in predicting the quality of caregivers' motivation and thereby their well‐being. In this review, autonomous motivation was the most important determinant of caregivers' well‐being.ConclusionsFindings showed that SDT can be applied to identify, categorise, explain, predict, promote and support motivation among caregivers. This lends interesting support for SDT and promotes further study and application of the theory as a psychological approach to caregivers' health and health promotion.
Long‐term outcomes and management considerations after parathyroidectomy in the dialysis patient
Authors: Kakani Elijah , Sloan David , Sawaya B. Peter , El‐Husseini Amr , Malluche Hartmut H. , Rao Madhumathi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractParathyroidectomy (PTX) remains an important intervention for dialysis patients with poorly controlled secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), though there are only retrospective and observational data that show a mortality benefit to this procedure. Potential consequences that we seek to avoid after PTX include persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism, and parathyroid insufficiency. There is considerable subjectivity in defining and diagnosing these conditions, given that we poorly understand the optimal PTH targets (particularly post PTX) needed to maintain bone and vascular health. While lowering PTH after PTX decreases bone turnover, long‐term changes in bone activity have been poorly explored. High turnover bone disease, usually present at the time a PTX is considered, often swings to a state of low turnover in the setting of sufficiently low PTH levels. It remains unclear if all low bone turnover equate with disease. However, such changes in bone turnover appear to predispose to vascular calcification, with positive calcium balance after PTX being a potential contributor. We know little of how the post‐PTX state resets calcium balance, how calcium and VDRA requirements change or what kind of adjustments are needed to avoid calcium loading. The current consensus cautions against excessive reduction of PTH although there is insufficient evidence‐based guidance regarding the management of chronic kidney disease ‐ mineral bone disease (CKD‐MBD) parameters in the post‐PTX state. This article aims to compile existing research, provide an overview of current practice with regard to PTX and post‐PTX chronic management. It highlights gaps and controversies and aims to re‐orient the focus to clinically relevant contemporary priorities in CKD‐MBD management after PTX.