bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caesarean scar pregnancy in the UK: a national cohort study
Authors: Harb HM , Knight M , Bottomley C , Overton C , Tobias A , Gallos ID , Shehmar M , Farquharson R , Horne A , Latthe P , Edi‐Osagie E , MacLean M , Marston E , Zamora J , Dawood F , Small R , Ross J , Bourne T , Coomarasamy A , Jurkovic D 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) and to describe the management outcomes associated with this condition.DesignA national cohort study using the UK Early Pregnancy Surveillance Service (UKEPSS).Setting86 participating Early Pregnancy Units.PopulationAll women diagnosed in the participating units with CSP between November 2013 and January 2015.MethodsCohort study of women identified through the UKEPSS monthly mailing system.Main outcome measuresIncidence, clinical outcomes and complications.Results102 cases of CSP were reported, with an estimated incidence of 1.5 per 10 000 (95% CI 1.1–1.9) maternities. Full outcome data were available for 92 women. Management was expectant in 21/92 (23%), medical in 15/92 (16%) and surgical in 56/92 (61%). The success rates of expectant, medical and surgical management were 43% (9/21), 46% (7/15) and 96% (54/56), respectively. The complication rates were 15/21 (71%) with expectant, 9/15 (60%) with medical and 20/56 (36%) with surgical management. Discharge from care (median number of days) was 82 (range 37–174) with expectant, 21 (range 10–31) with medical and 11 (range 4–49) with surgical management.ConclusionsSurgical management appears to be associated with a high success rate, low complication rate and short post‐treatment follow up.Tweetable abstractSurgery for CSP appears to be successful, with low complication rates and short post‐treatment follow up.
Mir‐1307 regulates cisplatin resistance by targeting Mdm4 in breast cancer expressing wild type P53
Authors: Wang Xinyan , Zhu Jianwei 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundMany chemotherapy regimens are used to treat breast cancer; however, breast cancer cells often develop drug resistance that usually leads to relapse and poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non‐coding RNA molecules that post‐transcriptionally regulate gene expression and play crucial roles in diverse biological processes, such as development, differentiation, apoptosis, and proliferation. We investigated the roles of miRNAs in the development of drug resistance in human breast cancer cells.MethodsMiRNA expression was detected in human breast cancer cell lines MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐468 via real time PCR; 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazoliumbromide, cell viability, colony formation, and luciferase reporter gene assays; Western blot; and immunohistochemistry.ResultsMiR‐1307 was downregulated while MDM4 was upregulated in MCF‐7/cisplatin (CDDP) and MDA‐MB‐468/CDDP cells compared with parental MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐468 cells. in vitro drug sensitivity assay demonstrated that overexpression of miR‐1307 sensitized MCF‐7/CDDP cells to CDDP. Luciferase activity assay with a reporter containing sequences from the 3′ untranslated region of Mdm4 in MCF‐7/CDDP cells suggested that Mdm4 was the direct target gene of miR‐1307. Ectopic miR‐1307 expression reduced the MDM4 protein level and sensitized MCF‐7/CDDP cells to CDDP‐induced apoptosis.ConclusionOur findings suggest, for the first time, that miR‐1307 could play a role in the development of CDDP resistance in breast cancer, at least in part by modulating apoptosis by targeting Mdm4.
MicroRNAs in hereditary and sporadic premature aging syndromes and other laminopathies
Authors: Frankel Diane , Delecourt Valérie , Harhouri Karim , De Sandre‐Giovannoli Annachiara , Lévy Nicolas , Kaspi Elise , Roll Patrice 
Published: April 2018

SummaryHereditary and sporadic laminopathies are caused by mutations in genes encoding lamins, their partners, or the metalloprotease ZMPSTE24/FACE1. Depending on the clinical phenotype, they are classified as tissue‐specific or systemic diseases. The latter mostly manifest with several accelerated aging features, as in Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and other progeroid syndromes. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs described as powerful regulators of gene expression, mainly by degrading target mRNAs or by inhibiting their translation. In recent years, the role of these small RNAs has become an object of study in laminopathies using in vitro or in vivo murine models as well as cells/tissues of patients. To date, few miRNAs have been reported to exert protective effects in laminopathies, including miR‐9, which prevents progerin accumulation in HGPS neurons. The recent literature has described the potential implication of several other miRNAs in the pathophysiology of laminopathies, mostly by exerting deleterious effects. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the functional relevance and molecular insights of miRNAs in laminopathies. Furthermore, we discuss how these discoveries could help to better understand these diseases at the molecular level and could pave the way toward identifying new potential therapeutic targets and strategies based on miRNA modulation.
Finance and Corporate Innovation: A Survey
Authors: He Jie (Jack) , Tian Xuan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCorporate innovation is an increasingly important topic that has attracted great attention from academic researchers in financial economics in recent years. Although the top three finance journals (i.e. the Journal of Finance, the Journal of Financial Economics, and the Review of Financial Studies) together published a total of only five papers on corporate innovation from 2000 to 2008, the number of such papers published by these three journals skyrocketed to 56 from 2009 to the third quarter of 2017. The purpose of this survey is to provide a synthetic and evaluative monograph of academic papers that examine the drivers and financing sources of corporate innovation.
Probabilistic assessment of visual fatigue caused by stereoscopy using dynamic Bayesian networks
Authors: Yuan Zhongyun , Zhuo Kai , Zhang Qiang , Zhao Chun , Sang Shengbo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeIn this article, we develop a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) model to measure 3D visual fatigue. As far as our information goes, this is the first adaptation of a DBN structure‐based probabilistic framework for inferring the 3D viewer's state of visual fatigue.MethodsOur measurement focuses on the interdependencies between each factor and the phenomena of visual fatigue in stereoscopy. Specifically, the implementation of DBN with using multiple features (e.g. contextual, contactless and contact physiological features) and dynamic factor provides a systematic scheme to evaluate 3D visual fatigue.ResultsIn contrast to measurement results between the mean opinion score (MOS) and Bayesian network model (with static Bayesian network and DBN), the visual fatigue in stereoscopy at time slice t is influenced by a dynamic factor (time slice t−1). In the presence of dynamic factors (time slice t−1), our proposed measuring scheme based on DBN is more comprehensive.Conclusion(i) We cover more features for inferring the visual fatigue, more reliably and accurately; (ii) at different time slices, the dynamic factor features are significant for inferring the visual fatigue state of stereoscopy.
The first human report of mobile colistin resistance gene, mcr‐1, in Finland
Authors: Gröndahl‐Yli‐Hannuksela Kirsi , Lönnqvist Emilia , Kallonen Teemu , Lindholm Laura , Jalava Jari , Rantakokko‐Jalava Kaisu , Vuopio Jaana 
Published: April 2018

Colistin resistance mediated by mobile mcr‐1 gene has raised concern during the last years. After steep increase in mcr‐1 reports, other mcr‐gene variants (mcr‐2 to mcr‐5) have been revealed as well. In 2016, a clinical study was conducted on asymptomatic stool carriage of extended spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae among Finnish adults. All suspected ESBL producing bacterial isolates were first tested by phenotypic ESBL‐confirmation methods, and then further analyzed with whole genome sequencing to identify the resistance genes. We found one study subject carrying a colistin resistant E. coli with a transferrable mcr‐1 gene. This multi‐drug resistant isolate, although initially suspected to be an ESBL producer, did not carry any ESBL genes, but was proven to carry several other resistance genes by using whole genome sequencing. Sequence type was ST93. The mcr‐1 gene was connected to IncX4 plasmid which suggests that the colistin resistance gene locates in the respective plasmid. Here, we report the finding of a mcr‐1 harboring human E. coli isolate from Finland. Clinical antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates are low in Finland, and mobile colistin resistance has not been reported previously. This highlights the importance of AMR surveillance also in populations with low levels of resistance.
Exocellular extract of Fusarium oxysporum, fungus free, is able to permeate and act selectively in skin
Authors: Sibin Melo Katia C. , Correia Marcelo H. , Svidzinski Terezinha I. E. , Hernandes Luzmarina 
Published: April 2018

The skin is an important gateway for Fusarium infection in humans. Our hypothesis is that metabolites produced by Fusarium oxysporum should change the barrier structure to permeate the skin. Male Wistar rats received a topical application of a solution (0.05 mg/mL) of Fusarium metabolites. The animals were euthanized 3, 6, 12, 24 h after and the skin was processed for immunostaining by laminin and E‐cadherin to investigate whether the Fusarium metabolites can break the barrier of healthy skin. Other techniques were employed: H&E to study the morphology; metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9), TUNEL, and PCNA immunostaining to evaluate the inflammation, cell death, and proliferation, respectively. There was an inflammatory response mainly centered in the dermis. Qualitatively, the skin of the experimental group showed reduced E‐cadherin and laminin immunostaining at 3, 12, and 24 h. Higher intensity staining by TUNEL at 3 h, and PCNA at 6, 12, and 24 h. There was intense MMP‐9 activity at 6, 12, and 24 h. None of analyses revealed any changes in the epidermis. It was concluded that the fraction was able to permeate the skin and act selectively in dermis, inducing inflammatory response, increasing MMP‐9 immunostaining, inducing apoptosis, and reducing E‐cadherin and laminin immunostaining.
Capnocytophaga canimorsus: a rare case of conservatively treated prosthetic valve endocarditis
Authors: Jalava‐Karvinen Päivi , Grönroos Juha O. , Tuunanen Helena , Kemppainen Jukka , Oksi Jarmo , Hohenthal Ulla 
Published: April 2018

We describe a rare case of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by the canine bacterium Capnocytophaga canimorsus in a male aged 73 years. The diagnosis of infective endocarditis was unequivocal, as it blood cultures were positive for C. canimorsus and vegetations were detected on transesophageal echocardiography; the modified Duke criteria were fulfilled. PET‐CT showed intense 18F‐FDG uptake of the prosthetic valve area. The patient was treated with antibiotics alone (no surgery), and is now on life‐long suppressive antibiotic therapy. To our knowledge, this is the third reported case of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by C. canimorsus and the first one to have been treated conservatively.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: endoscopic and histologic placebo rates in induction and maintenance trials of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Ma C. , Guizzetti L. , Panaccione R. , Fedorak R. N. , Pai R. K. , Parker C. E. , Nguyen T. M. , Khanna R. , Vande Casteele N. , D'Haens G. , Sandborn W. J. , Feagan B. G. , Jairath V. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundRegulatory requirements for claims of mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis (UC) will require demonstration of both endoscopic and histologic healing. Quantifying these rates is essential for future drug development.AimsTo meta‐analyse endoscopic and histologic placebo response and remission rates in UC randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and identify factors influencing these rates.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to March 2017 for placebo‐controlled trials of pharmacological interventions for UC. Endoscopic and histologic placebo rates were pooled by random effects. Mixed effects univariable and multivariable meta‐regression was used to evaluate the influence of patient, intervention and trial‐related study‐level covariates on these rates.ResultsFifty‐six induction (placebo n = 4171) and 8 maintenance trials (placebo n = 1011) were included. Pooled placebo endoscopic remission and response rates for induction trials were 23% [95 confidence interval (CI) 19‐28%] and 35% [95% CI 27‐42%] respectively, and 20% [95% CI 16‐24%] for maintenance of remission. The pooled histologic placebo remission rate was 14% [95% CI 8‐22%] for induction trials. High heterogeneity was observed for all outcomes (I2 56.2%‐88.3%). On multivariable meta‐regression, central endoscopy reading was associated with significantly lower endoscopic placebo remission rates (16% vs 25%; OR = 0.52, [95% CI 0.29‐0.92], P = 0.03). On univariable meta‐regression, higher histologic placebo remission was associated with concomitant corticosteroids (OR = 1.17 [95% CI 1.08‐1.26], P < 0.0001, per 10% increase in corticosteroid use).ConclusionsPlacebo endoscopic and histologic rates range from 14% to 35% in UC RCTs but are highly heterogeneous. Outcome standardisation may reduce heterogeneity and is needed in this field.
Using the chronic kidney disease guidelines to evaluate the renal safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in hepatitis B patients
Authors: Tsai H. J. , Chuang Y. W. , Lee S. W. , Wu C. Y. , Yeh H. Z. , Lee T. Y. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundRenal dysfunction remains an issue in tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.AimTo evaluate renal safety of TDF according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines.MethodsWe retrospectively recruited CHB patients who received either TDF or entecavir (ETV) monotherapy from January 2008 to August 2015. After excluding confounding conditions, 253 patients who received TDF were randomly matched 1:2 with 506 patients who received ETV through the propensity scores, which consisted of age, gender, cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Renal function deterioration was defined as a drop in GFR category accompanied with a ≥25% eGFR decline. Cumulative incidences of and hazard ratios (HRs) for renal dysfunction were analysed.ResultsThe mean eGFR decline was significantly greater in the TDF group over 48 months (TDF vs ETV: 15.73 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.76‐17.70 vs 5.96 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI: 4.72‐7.19; P < 0.001). The cumulative incidence of renal function deterioration was significantly higher in the TDF group (TDF vs ETV: 11.1%, 95% CI: 7.4‐14.8 vs 1.7%, 95% CI: 1.0‐2.4; P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, pre‐existing CKD and diabetes, TDF was independently associated with an increased risk of renal function deterioration (HR 5.36, 95% CI: 2.16‐13.35; P < 0.001). Pre‐existing CKD (HR 6.71, 95% CI: 2.25‐17.65), proteinuria (HR 3.39, 95% CI: 1.23‐9.39), and haematuria (HR 4.25, 95% CI: 1.32‐13.68) were also independent factors of renal dysfunction.ConclusionBy following the KDIGO guidelines, we confirmed that TDF was associated with a higher risk of renal dysfunction as compared to ETV.
Efficacy of single‐incision laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal repair for irreducible or incarcerated inguinal hernia
Authors: Wakasugi Masaki , Nakahara Yujiro , Hirota Masaki , Matsumoto Takashi , Takemoto Hiroyoshi , Takachi Ko , Nishioka Kiyonori , Oshima Satoshi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of single‐incision laparoscopic surgery for totally extraperitoneal repair (SILS‐TEP) of irreducible inguinal hernias and incarcerated inguinal hernias.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 194 patients, including 16 with irreducible or incarcerated hernia, who had undergone SILS‐TEP from May 2016 to December 2017 at Kinki Central Hospital. The outcomes of patients with irreducible or incarcerated hernia and those with reducible hernia were compared. For irreducible or incarcerated hernia, laparoscopic exploration with hernia reduction through an intraumbilical incision was performed. If no bowel resection was needed, one‐stage SILS‐TEP was performed. If bowel resection was required, two‐stage SILS‐TEP was performed 2–3 months after the bowel resection.ResultsOf the 16 patients, 8 had an irreducible hernia, and 8 had an incarcerated hernia. The eight patients with an incarcerated hernia underwent emergency surgery, and among these patients, two needed single‐incision laparoscopic partial resection of the ileum followed by two‐stage SILS‐TEP. Fourteen patients, excluding the two patients who required single‐incision laparoscopic partial resection of the ileum, underwent laparoscopic exploration with hernia reduction followed by one‐stage SILS‐TEP. Among these 14 patients, one with an irreducible hernia required conversion to Kugel patch repair. The operative outcomes were generally comparable between the two groups. However, the operative time was longer for unilateral hernia, and more seromas were seen in the irreducible or incarcerated group. No other major complications or cases of hernia recurrence were noted in this study.ConclusionsSILS‐TEP, which offers good cosmetic results, can be safely performed for irreducible or incarcerated inguinal hernia.
Evaluating the Implementation of a Mandatory Dual Reporting System: The Case of Indonesian Local Government
Authors: Mir Monir , Harun Harun , Sutiyono Wahyu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInformative and transparent financial information in the public sector is crucial for improving public sector management and eradicating corruption. Given this, Indonesia has reformed its public sector accounting, reporting and accountability systems by implementing a dual reporting system known as ‘cash towards accrual’, following similar reforms in developed countries. Drawing on the experience of five local governments (districts) in Indonesia, this study finds that the implementation of the dual reporting system has helped local governments to produce transparent and informative reports. However, the accrual‐based contents of the dual reports produced by the new reporting system are underused for decision making. In addition, there has been a significant increase in costs associated with the implementation of the new accounting regime in the jurisdictions studied. The study also finds that the ability of the users to use information generated by the new accounting system is more important than just a legal and mandatory requirement to use the new system.
The elephant (head) in the room: A critical look at trophy hunting
Authors: Batavia Chelsea , Nelson Michael Paul , Darimont Chris T. , Paquet Paul C. , Ripple William J. , Wallach Arian D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTrophy hunting has occupied a prominent position in recent scholarly literature and popular media. In the scientific conservation literature, researchers are generally supportive of or sympathetic to its usage as a source of monetary support for conservation. Although authors at times acknowledge that trophy hunting faces strong opposition from many members of the public, often for unspecified reasons associated with ethics, neither the nature nor the implications of these ethical concerns have been substantively addressed. We identify the central act of wildlife “trophy” taking as a potential source of ethical discomfort and public opposition. We highlight that trophy hunting entails a hunter paying a fee to kill an animal and claim its body or body parts as a trophy of conquest. Situating this practice in a Western cultural narrative of chauvinism, colonialism, and anthropocentrism, we argue trophy hunting is morally inappropriate. We suggest alternative strategies for conservation and community development should be explored and decisively ruled out as viable sources of support before the conservation community endorses trophy hunting. If wildlife conservation is broadly and inescapably dependent on the institution of trophy hunting, conservationists should accept the practice only with a due appreciation of tragedy, and proper remorse.
Contrasting climate niches among co‐occurring subdominant forbs of the sagebrush steppe
Authors: Barga Sarah C. , Dilts Thomas E. , Leger Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimAbiotic conditions are key components that determine the distribution of species. However, co‐occurring species can respond differently to the same factors, and determining which climate components are most predictive of geographic distributions is important for understanding community response to climate change. Here, we estimate and compare climate niches of ten subdominant, herbaceous forb species common in sagebrush steppe systems, asking how niches differ among co‐occurring species and whether more closely related species exhibit higher niche overlap.LocationWestern United States.MethodsWe used herbarium records and ecological niche modelling to estimate area of occupancy, niche breadth and overlap, and describe characteristics of suitable climate. We compared mean values and variability in summer precipitation and minimum temperatures at occurrence locations among species, plant families, and growth forms, and related estimated phylogenetic distances to niche overlap.ResultsSpecies varied in the size and spatial distribution of suitable climate and in niche breadth. Species also differed in the variables contributing to their suitable climate and in mean values, spatial variation and interannual variation in highly predictive climate variables. Only two of ten species shared comparable climate niches. We found family‐level differences associated with variation in summer precipitation and minimum temperatures, as well as in mean minimum temperatures. Growth forms differed in their association with variability in summer precipitation and minimum temperatures. We found no relationship between phylogenetic distance and niche overlap among our species.Main conclusionsWe identified contrasting climate niches for ten Great Basin understorey forbs, including differences in both mean values and climate variability. These estimates can guide species selection for restoration by identifying species with a high tolerance for climate variability and large climatic niches. They can also help conservationists to understand which species may be least tolerant of climate variability, and potentially most vulnerable to climate change.