bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide and Serotonin Metabolism in Platelets With Defective Secondary Aggregation
Authors: Pareti F. I. , Day H. J. , Mills D. C. B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ten patients with qualitative platelet defects have been investigated. All of the patients had impairment of secondary platelet aggregation induced by ADP, epinephrine, and collagen, and a defective release reaction. In seven patients from four families, the abnormality was consistent with the lack of a metabolically inert adenine nucleotide pool. Four of these patients, from two families, were albinos. Platelets from all of these patients had lower than normal amounts of adenine nucleotides and 5HT; the ability of these platelets to incorporate the amine was reduced and 5HT was metabolized at an abnormally rapid rate in platelet-rich plasma. It was not possible to distinguish the defect present in the albinos from that in the normally pigmented patients. Three other patients had normal amounts of platelet adenine nucleotides and 5HT; platelet aggregation and the release of adenine nucleotides induced by collagen were impaired. Metabolic ATP breakdown, during collagen aggregation, was also decreased. This defect is similar to that induced in normal platelets by aspirin. Studies on intracellular synthesis of cyclic 3'5' AMP in both groups of patients showed that the platelets were normally responsive to PGE1 and the antagonism of PGE1 by ADP and by epinephrine was also normal.
Red cell life span in sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease with a note about sickle cell-hemoglobin O ARAB
Authors: McCurdy PR , Mahmood L , Sherman AS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Red cell survival was measured in ten subjects with S-C disease and one with S-O Arab (alpha 2 beta 2–121 glu yields lys) disease using both DF32p and 51Cr as tags. Red cell volume was slightly reduced in most patients (87% plus or minus 20% of predicted normal). In nine SC patients, mean red cell life (DF32p) was 28.9 plus or minus 4.0 days. For one SC subject it was significantly longer (47.9 days), as it was for the one with S-O Arab. The S-O Arab subject had irreversibly sickled cells in the peripheral blood, shereas those with SC had few (less than 1/1000 red cells) or none. The S-O Arab hemolysate gelled at a hemmoglobin concentration (16.2 g/100ml) near that for sickle cell anemia hemolysates (15.9 plus or minus 1.0 g/100 ml; n equals 8) but significantly lower than that for SC hemolysates (21.6 plus or minus 1.9 g/100 ml; n equals 5). It seems likely that properties of S-C red cells other than their relative ease of sickling contribute significantly to their rate of hemolysis.
Post-transfusion purpura: a heterogeneous syndrome
Authors: Zeigler Z , Murphy S , Gardner FH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Three new patients with post-transfusion purpura (PTP) are described. As the manifestations in two differ significantly from those of previously reported cases, they serve to expand the definition of this syndrome. Although all 14 previously reported cases have occurred in Pl- A1-negative females, one of our patients was a Pl-A-negative male. Moreover, a female whose postrecovery platelets possessed the Pl-A1 antigen is described. Antiplatelet antibody activity was detected in all three patients by the 51Cr release test; in contrast, only one reacted in the complement (C) fixation assay. Serum obtained during the acute episode from the PlA1-positive patient reacted against platelets from four of 11 normals by C fixation and against platelets from 48 of 53 normals by 51Cr release, including five of nine Pl-A1-negative platelet samples. This case represents the first instance of PTP in which the platelet isoantibody was not specifically directed against the Pl-A1 antigen. These observations suggest that PTP may be a more heterogeneous disorder than previously realized.
Pteroylglutamic acid malabsorption in tropical sprue
Authors: Corcino JJ , Coll G , Klipstein FA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Pteroylglutamic acid (PGA) absorption was assessed in ten untreated tropical sprue (TS) and eight control subjects utilizing a marker perfusion technique. Physiologic concentrations of the vitamin (25 ng/ml) dissolved in iso-osmotic solutions containing either mannitol of glucose at a concentration of 55.6 mM were perfused on each subject on two consecutive days. A statistically significant difference in PGA absorption between TS and control subjects was obtained only when glucose was present in the perfusate. Thus, unequivocal malabsorption of PGA is demonstrable in all subjects with TS when more refined techniques than the ones applied heretofore are utilized.
Ethnic variation in red cell glutathione peroxidase activity
Authors: Beutler E , Matsumoto F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase activity was measured in blood and cultured fibroblasts from healthy persons of several different population groups. Individuals of Jewish ancestry and others of Mediterranean origin were found to manifest a decrease of red cell but not of leukocyte or fibroblast enzyme activity. Oriental populations differed in that the scatter in red cell enzyme activity was significantly lower than in Occidental populations. The erythrocyte enzyme of individuals with low activity was found to be less stable to heating than was the enzyme from persons with high activity. As a possible explanation for these data, a provisional genetic model is presented: a low GSH Px allele with a frequency of 0.556 in the Jewish population and of only 0.181 in the United States-Northern European population. Our results suggest that an association between GSH Px deficiency and hemolytic anemia need not represent a cause-and-effect relationship.
A rapid and sensitive 125I-fibrin solid-phase fibrinolytic assay for plasmin
Authors: Moroz LA , Gilmore NJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
125I-fibrinogen, adsorbed to polystyrene tubes at low ionic strength and treated with thrombin, serves as a substrate for a rapid, convenient, and sensitive test tube assay for plasmin and activators and inhibitors of this enzyme. 125I-labeled digestion products released from the 125I-fibrin-polystyrene matrix are readily separated and quantitated and behave, on gel permeation, in the same manner as plasmin-generated degradation products from an unlabeled conventional fibrin clot. The 125I-fibrin, in probable non-cross-linked form, is firmly bound to the polystyrene and is resistant to nonspecific release, with control (no enzyme) values equivalent to 15.2 ng +/- 1.2 (SD) fibrin (1% of the total bound 125I-fibrin). This fact permits consistent detection of lysis of 30–50 ng 125I-fibrin, which exceeds published sensitivities (1000–5000 ng) using 125I- or fluorochrome- labeled fibrin clots as substrate. The sensitivity for plasmin (0.2 mug/ml) is tenfold greater than that of the fibrin-plate method (2.0- 2.5 mug/ml), while sensitivities for streptokinase and urokinase activation of plasmin are 0.02 U/ml and 0.04 CTA U/ml, respectively (sensitivity of fibrin-plate method, 0.5 U/ml for both). The method provides a reasonable analogue of the solid-phase nature of fibrin under physiologic conditions, and the ease of preparation of large batches of tubes makes the method suitable for large-scale screening of factors modulating the plasminogen-plasmin system.
Antibody responses to leukemia-associated antigens during immunotherapy of chronic myelocytic leukemia
Authors: Ramachandar K , Baker MA , Taub RN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have studied immunologic reactivity to leukemia-associated antigens in patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) treated with chemotherapy and adjunctive immunotherapy. All patients were immunologically competent as measured by skin test reactivity to dinitrochlorobenzene. Immunotherapy consisted of allogeneic irradiated leukemic myeloblasts injected intradermally, with BCG vaccine (Research Foundation, Chicago, Ill.) given by multiple puncture at the same site. 10(9) cells plus BCG were given weekly for 4 wk, and 10(8) cells plus BCG were given at monthly intervals thereafter. Eight patients judged clinically to be in the stable phase of their disease developed circulating antibody against the immunizing blast cells demonstrable by cytotoxicity and immunofluorescence assays. The antibody also showed reactivity against a panel of myeloblasts (12 paients) but not against the corresponding remission lymphocytes (five patients) or normal lymphocytes (20 donors). In two cases the antibody showed reactivity against the patient's own leukemic blasts. Seven of these eight patients have maintained a steady clinical course ranging from 20 to 40 mo, while one entered the blastic phase and died. Six patients were judged to be in the aggressive phase of CML because of progressive leukocytosis and splenomegaly or increasing myeloblastosis; five died an average of 16 mo after diagnosis. Humoral antibodies were not detected in these patients after repeated courses of BCG and allogeneic leukemic cells. We conclude that specific active immunotherapy of patients with CML can abet the production of humoral antibody against blast cell antigens and that this response may be impaired during the aggressive phase of the disease.
Contrasting splenic mechanisms in the blood clearance of red blood cells and colloidal particles
Authors: Klausner MA , Hirsch LJ , Leblond PF , Chamberlain JK , Klemperer MR , Segel GB 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have studied the blood clearance and organ uptake of colloidal particles and of antibody-coated and chemically treated Na2 51Cr O4- labeled erythrocytes (RBC) in mice. Hepatic and splenic uptake of both colloidal particles and autologous RBC coated with rabbit antibody were reduced significantly following pretreatment of animals with cortisone acetate. Hepatic removal of RBC previously treated in vitro with N- ethyl-maleimide (NEM) or phenylhydrazine-HCl (PHZ) was similarly depressed by pretreatment with cortisone. In contrast, the splenic uptake of NEM- and PHZ-altered erythrocytes was unaffected by cortisone. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic examination of perfused spleens from PHZ-injected animals demonstrated extensive mechanical trapping of Heinz body-containing RBC in sinus wall apertures, whereas little erythrophagocytosis was observed. These studies suggested that, while clearance of inert particulate matter and of antibody-coated RBC from the blood occurred primarily by a cortisone- suppressible, presumably phagocytic process in the spleen, chemically altered RBC were removed primarily by a cortisone-insensitive filtration process in the splenic microvasculature.
Distribution of phospholipids, fatty acids, and platelet factor 3 activity among subcellular fractions of human platelets
Authors: Broekman MJ , Handin RI , Derksen A , Cohen P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
As compared with other methods, our recently reported method for subcellular fractionation of human platelets improves the separation of mitochondria, alpha granules, and lysosomal enzyme activities. The relative purity of these fractions has led us to undertake the present study to compare the subcellular distribution of phospholipids, fatty acids, and platelet factor 3 (clot-promoting) activity. Two findings pertaining to distribution of phospholipids were entirely new. (1) In the alpha granule zone, plasmalogen phosphatidyl ethanolamine peaked at the expense of diacyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine. (2) The fatty acid composition of the membrane lysophosphatidyl choline suggested that it may have been formed by the action of platelet phospholipase A2 activity. The fatty acids of the membranes showed a markedly asymmetrical distribution in noncholine versus choline phospholipids. The latter held 94%, 72%, and 85%, respectively, of the total content of 16:0, 18:1, and 18:2 fatty acids, whereas 55% of the 18:0, 72% of 20:4, and 67% of higher polyenoic acids other than 20:4 were esterified to the noncholine group. The most important new information related to clot-promoting activity, which, on the basis of protein content, was highest in the membrane fractions, but on the basis of phospholipid content in the nonmembranous fractions. The discussion centers on possible explanations for this novel finding.
Evaluation of the iron status of a population
Authors: Cook JD , Finch CA , Smith NJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The iron status of a population of 1564 subjects living in the northwestern United States was evaluated by measurements of transferrin saturation, red cell protoporphyrin, and serum ferritin. The frequency distribution of these parameters showed no distinct separation between normal and iron-deficient subjects. When only one of these three parameters was abnormal (transferrin saturation below 15%, red cell protoporphyrin above 100 mug/ml packed red blood cells, serum ferritin below 12 ng/ml), the prevalence of anemia was only slightly greater (10.9%) than in the entire sample (8.3%). The prevalence of anemia was increased to 28% in individuals with two or more abnormal parameters, and to 63% when all three parameters were abnormal. As defined by the presence of at least two abnormal parameters, the prevalence of iron deficiency in various populations separated on the basis of age and sex ranged from 3% in adolescent and adult males to 20% in menstruating women. It is concluded that the accuracy of detecting iron deficiency in population surveys can be substantially improved by employing a battery of laboratory measurements of the iron status.
Increased potassium transport and ouabain binding in human Rhnull red blood cells
Authors: Lauf PK , Joiner CH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Potassium (K+) influx and 3H-ouabain binding were studied in human red cells completely lacking the rhesus (Rh) antigens (Rhnull cells) and compared with normal Rh(D) red cells. The Rhnull cells, originally described by Seidl, Spielmann, and Martin (Vox Sang. 23:182, 1972) were normal in size, cation, and water content, indicating no significant increase in cell volume as occurs in young human red cells. However, the ouabain-insensitive K+ permeability, as well as the ouabain sensitive active K+ transport, were increased 1.6 1.8-and 1.4–1.5-fold, respectively, above the values found in Rh(D) control cells. The Na+K+ ATPase activity of membranes from Rhnull cells was also higher than from Rh(D) cells. Binding studies with 3H-ouabain revealed that at 100% K+ pump inhibition Rhnull cells bound 670 and Rh(D) cells 450–500 ouabain molecules per cell. Since the rate of ouabain binding was identical in Rhnull and Rh(D) control cells, we concluded that the Rhnull cell had about 35%-45% more cation pumps than the Rh(D) cell. These additional pumps in Rhnull cells appeared to be indistinguishable from those in control cells. Anti-D or the serum from the Rhnull individual did not alter cation permeability in Rh(D) red cells. The data suggested that the Rhnull cell, known for its hematologic malfunction, was not a young or prematurely released red cell, but had a pleiotropic membrane defect which also affected the passive and active cation transport system on the molecular level. Our finding precludes a structural identity of the rhesus antigen with the molecules composing the Na+K+ pump system.
Labeling of the releasable adenine nucleotides of washed human platelets
Authors: Reimers HJ , Packham MA , Mustard JF 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In rabbit platelets, the metabolically active ATP pool equilibrates with the releasable ATP pool within 1 day. The studies showing this have now been extended to human platelets. Human platelets labeled with 14C-adenosine or 14C-adenine were incubated for up to 10 hr in vitro at 37 degrees C. After 10 hr, about 12% of the total platelet 14C-ATP and 14C-ADP had become releasable with thrombin (4.2 units/ml). Lysis of platelets did not occur, since less than 1% of the platelet-bound 51Cr from platelets labeled with this radioisotope appeared in the ambient fluid upon thrombin treatment. The 14C-ATP/14C-ADP ratio of the released adenine nucleotides (7.6) was similar to the 14C-ATP/14C-ADP ratio of the nonreleasable adenine nucleotides (7.1) 2 hr after the labeling with 14C-adenosine. However, upon prolonged incubation (10 hr) in vitro, the 14C-ATP/14C-ADP ratio of the releasable adenine nucleotides decreased to 2.7. The adenylate energy charge and the 14C- ATP/14C-ADP ratio of the metabolic adenine nucleotide pool did not change significantly during the time of observation. The 14C-ATP content of the platelets decreased by less than 1% hr of incubation at 37 degrees C. These observations are interpreted to mean that the 14C is transferred from the metabolically active, nonreleasable adenine nucleotide pool of human platelets into the releasable adenine nucleotide pool as ATP and is partially hydrolyzed there to yield ADP. The transfer of ATP across the storage organelle membrane of platelets may be similar to transport processes in the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and may represent a general phenomenon in cells that possess storage organelles containing adenine nucleotides.
Migration of transfused granulocytes in leukopenic dogs
Authors: Appelbaum FR , Norton L , Graw RG Jr 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Although granulocyte transfusion therapy has been shown to be effective in infected granulocytopenic animals and humans, the relative effectiveness of granulocytes (PMN) harvested by continuous flow centrifugation (CFC) or by continuous flow filtration leukapheresis (FL) remains uncertain. Studies in vitro of morphology and granulocyte functions have suggested cells collected by FL may be damaged. To compare the function in vivo of granulocytes collected by different methods, dogs were made granulocytopenic with cyclophosphamide (CYT) and then transfused with granulocytes collected by CFC or FL. The local neutrophil mobilization (LNM) through a standard skin abrasion into a chamber containing a strong chemoattractant, autologous serum, was measured. Greater LNM was found after transfusions of CFC PMN than after transfusions of the same number of FL PMN (p less than 0.0003). This difference persisted even when the dose of FL PMNs was four times greater than that of CFC mn and when the FL donor was pretreated with steroids (p less than 0.001). These results suggest that during filtration leukapheresis, granulocytes are functionally altered and that their function in vivo may be compromised.
GUANAZOLO IN THE THERAPY OF HODGKIN’S DISEASE
Authors: STRAUS BERNARD , BERSON SOLOMON , BERNSTEIN THEODORE , JACOBSON ABRAHAM S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Five patients with active Hodgkin’s disease were treated for a period varying from four to eighteen days with an antiguanine preparation, guanazolo (5-amino-7-hydroxy-1H-v-triazolo[d]pyrimidine) with a total dosage of 400 mg. to 800 mg. intramuscularly. No therapeutic effect was observed. The only toxic manifestations were pain and tenderness at the site of injection in 4 of the 5 cases. The effect of guanazolo on tissue cultures of an involved node was tested. No inhibition of growth was observed, thus paralleling the lack of in vivo effect.
TRANSFUSION OF LEUKEMIC LEUKOCYTES IN MAN
Authors: LANMAN JONATHAN T. , BIERMAN HOWARD R. , BYRON RALPH L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Eight transfusions of leukemic blood containing up to 143 billion mononuclear cells were rapidly infused into 5 nonleukemic cancer-bearing recipients. Each transfusion was followed by a transient rise in the recipients’ leukocyte count which was less than anticipated by dye dilution methods in five experiments. The observed rise was due entirely to an increase in the mononuclear cell count. The data from two experiments were considered unreliable and were not reported with regard to the behavior of the white cells.
2. The data are interpreted as demonstrating removal of leukemic leukocytes from the recipient’s blood in the pulmonary circulation.
3. A reaction resembling anaphylaxis occurred following one transfusion of leukemic cells, and was associated with an immediate profound leukopenia. It is suggested that the sudden removal in the lesser circulation of a volume of white cells estimated at 40 cc. may have caused the severe observed respiratory and circulatory symptoms.
4. Sustained eosinophilia of unknown etiology was observed following transfusions of leukemic cells in 2 recipients.
5. Hematologic and clinical observation indicated that leukemia was not transferred to any recipient during the short period of observation that followed.
ALEUKEMIC LEUKEMOID RESPONSE IN MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: STAFFURTH J. S. , SPENCER H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of miliary tuberculosis associated with an aleukemic lymphatic blood picture has been reported. The histologic appearances of tissue removed at autopsy confirmed the leukemic picture and also showed diffuse tuberculous lesions of a necrotic type containing innumerable acid-fast bacilli.
REACTIONS TO SINGLE AND MULTIPLE TRANSFUSIONS
Authors: KLENDSHOJ NIELS C. , WITEBSKY ERNEST 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Analysis of reactions to 5,969 transfusions of homologous blood, as compared to those in 1,045ra tnsfusions of conditioned universal blood, reveals that, during the routine use of group O blood conditioned by the addition of blood group specific substances A and B, there have been no detectable untoward effects ascribable to these specific substances.
THE EFFECT OF 4-AMINO-PTEROYLGLUTAMIC ACID (AMINOPTERIN) ON HUMAN LEUKEMIC LEUKOCYTES IN VITRO
Authors: Gtmrz F. W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
When added to human leukemic leukocytes in vitro, 4-amino-pteroylglutamic acid (Aminopterin) produced a marked inhibition of mitosis in low concentrations. Attempts to counter its action by means of folic acid gave varying results. The mechanism of the observed effect is discussed.
THE EFFECTS OF 4-AMINO-N10-METHYL-PTEROYLGLUTAMIC ACID ON THE LEUKOCYTES OF THE NORMAL AND LEUKEMIC MOUSE
Authors: BURCHENAL J. H. , BIEDLER J. L. , NUTTING J. , STOBBE G. D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
4-Amino-N10-methyl-pteroylglutamic acid in the usual treatment dosage caused a slight leukopenia, but no change in the differential count of normal mice. However, in animals with the Ak 4 strain of transplanted leukemia, such dosage caused prolongation of survival time, held the total leukocyte count at approximately normal levels, decreased the percentage of abnormal cells, and caused a marked delay in the appearance of leukemic infiltrations in liver, spleen, lymph nodes, kidney and bone marrow. Less than twenty hours after administration, a single massive dose of this drug caused a fall in the total leukocyte count of mice with advanced Ak 4 leukemia.