bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Beaver–Salmonid Relationships and History of Management Actions in the Western Great Lakes (USA) Region
Authors: Johnson-Bice Sean M. , Renik Kathryn M. , Windels Steve K. , Hafs Andrew W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Within the western Great Lakes (WGL) region of the USA (Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin), the ecological impact that the North American beaver Castor canadensis (hereafter, “beaver”) has on coldwater streams is generally considered to negatively affect salmonid populations where the two taxa interact. Beavers are common and widespread within the WGL region, while coldwater streams that support salmonid populations are scarcer landscape features; as such, all three states currently prioritize the habitat needs of salmonids in portions of each state by conducting beaver control in coldwater tributaries. In this paper, we review the history of beaver–salmonid interactions within the WGL region, describe how this relationship and management actions have evolved over the past century, and review all published studies from the region that have evaluated beaver–salmonid interactions. Our review suggests that beavers’ impact varies spatially and temporally depending on a variety of local ecological characteristics (e.g., stream gradient and prevalence of groundwater inputs). We found that beaver activity is often deleterious to salmonids in low-gradient stream basins but is generally beneficial in high-gradient basins and that ample groundwater inputs can offset the potential negative effects of beavers by stabilizing the hydrologic and thermal regimes within streams. However, there was an obvious lack of empirical data and/or experimental controls within the reviewed studies, which we suggest emphasizes the need for more data-driven beaver–salmonid research in the WGL region. Resource managers are routinely faced with an ecological dilemma between maintaining natural environmental processes within coldwater ecosystems and conducting beaver control for the benefit of salmonids; this dilemma is further complicated when the salmonids in question belong to nonnative species. We anticipate that future beaver–salmonid research will lead to a greater understanding of this ecologically complex relationship, allowing managers to be better informed of when and where beaver control is necessary to achieve the desired management objectives.
Impact of Maternal BMI on Rubella Nonimmunity at Antenatal Screening
Authors: Hui Shuk Yi Annie , Sahota Daljit S. , Lao Terence T. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between BMI and the incidence of rubella nonimmunity among pregnant women with regard to the World Health Organization categories.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 117,063 eligible gravidas, managed between 1998 and 2015 in a university hospital of Hong Kong, China. BMI at antenatal booking was banded using the following World Health Organization definitions: < 18.5 kg/m2, 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2, 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2, and ≥30.0 kg/m2. Maternal rubella nonimmunity status by BMI was assessed. Incidence rates were also assessed after adjusting for maternal advanced age, short stature < 151 cm, mothers’ birthplace, and postobstetric history covariates.ResultsRubella nonimmunity incidence increased as the BMI increased (P < 0.001). Gravidas with high BMI were more likely to be nonimmune if born in Hong Kong (odds ratio [OR], 1.234; 95% CI: 1.159‐1.315; P < 0.001) compared with those born outside of Hong Kong (OR, 1.066; 95% CI: 0.997‐1.141; P = 0.063). After adjusting for covariates, women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 had 1.127 (P < 0.001; 95% CI: 1.074‐1.182) greater odds of being nonimmune.ConclusionsHigh maternal BMI (≥ 25.0 kg/m2) is associated with reduced rubella immunity, an effect confined to gravidas with almost complete vaccine coverage in childhood.
Classifying antimicrobial and multifunctional peptides with Bayesian network models
Authors: Barrett Rainier , Jiang Shaoyi , White Andrew D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBayesian network models are finding success in characterizing enzyme‐catalyzed reactions, slow conformational changes, predicting enzyme inhibition, and genomics. In this work, we apply them to statistical modeling of peptides by simultaneously identifying amino acid sequence motifs and using a motif‐based model to clarify the role motifs may play in antimicrobial activity. We construct models of increasing sophistication, demonstrating how chemical knowledge of a peptide system may be embedded without requiring new derivation of model fitting equations after changing model structure. These models are used to construct classifiers with good performance (94% accuracy, Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.87) at predicting antimicrobial activity in peptides, while at the same time being built of interpretable parameters. We demonstrate use of these models to identify peptides that are potentially both antimicrobial and antifouling, and show that the background distribution of amino acids could play a greater role in activity than sequence motifs do. This provides an advancement in the type of peptide activity modeling that can be done and the ease in which models can be constructed.
Impact of Serum Cystatin C–Based Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimates on Drug Dose Selection in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Peters Bradley J. , Rule Andrew D. , Kashani Kianoush B. , Lieske John C. , Mara Kristin C. , Dierkhising Ross A. , Barreto Erin F. 
Published: August 2018

Study ObjectiveSerum creatinine (Scr) concentration is used to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for medication dosing. Serum cystatin C (CysC) concentration has been proposed as an adjunct or alternative to Scr. This study sought to evaluate the possible impact of using CysC in eGFR equations on drug dose recommendations in hospitalized patients with infections.DesignRetrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.SettingLarge academic tertiary care medical center.PatientsA total of 308 adults with suspected or documented infections and stable kidney function who were hospitalized between 2012 and 2015.Measurements and Main ResultsStandardized Scr and CysC measured at the time of antibiotic dosing were used to estimate GFR from the three Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaborative (CKD‐EPI) equations using Scr (eGFRCr), CysC(eGFRCysC), or a combination of Scr and CysC (eGFRCr‐CysC), and these values were compared with estimated creatinine clearance (eClcr) from the Cockcroft‐Gault equation (standard of care for drug dosage adjustments). The eGFRs were categorized into five common dosage adjustment strata (lower than 20, 20–49, 50–79, 80–130, and higher than 130 ml/min), and agreement between equations was tested with the weighted κ statistic. Recommended drug doses varied considerably between the eClcr and the CKD‐EPI equations (weighted κ [95% confidence interval]: eGFRCr 0.73 [0.68–0.79], eGFRCysC 0.42 [0.35–0.5], eGFRCr‐CysC 0.65 [0.6–0.71]). If eGFRCr, eGFRCysC, or eGFRCr‐CysC were used instead of eClcr to dose drugs, 11%, 12%, and 8% of doses, respectively, would be higher, and 12%, 38%, and 24% of doses, respectively, would be lower.ConclusionSignificant discordance in drug doses was observed when the CKD‐EPI equations were used in place of eClcr. When CysC was included in eGFR equations, recommended doses were often lower. Further study is needed to develop and test drug‐specific dosing guidelines that incorporate alternate renal biomarkers and/or more contemporary eGFR equations.
Psychosocial outcomes in cancer‐bereaved children and adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Hoffmann Rahel , Kaiser Julia , Kersting Anette 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveDue to the unique importance of parental and sibling relationships and concurrently existing developmental challenges, the loss of a parent or sibling due to cancer is a highly stressful event for children and adolescents. This is the first systematic review that integrates findings on psychosocial outcomes after parental or sibling cancer bereavement.MethodsA systematic search of Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and PubPsych was conducted, last in December 2017. Quantitative studies on psychosocial outcomes of children and adolescents who lost a parent or sibling due to cancer were included.ResultsTwenty‐four studies (N = 10 parental and N = 14 sibling bereavement), based on 13 projects, were included. Ten projects had cross‐sectional designs. Only 2 projects used large, population‐based samples and nonbereaved comparison groups. Outcomes were partially measured by single‐item questions. Bereaved children and adolescents showed similar levels of depression and anxiety compared with nonbereaved or norms. Severe behavioral problems were found rarely. However, in 2 large, population‐based studies, about half of the bereaved individuals reported unresolved grief. Bereaved adolescents had a higher risk for self‐injury compared with the general population in one large, population‐based study. Communication with health‐care professionals, family, and other people; social support; distress during illness; age; gender; and time because loss were associated with psychosocial bereavement outcomes.ConclusionsResults indicate a high level of adjustment in cancer‐bereaved children and adolescents. A modifiable risk factor for adverse psychosocial consequences is poor communication. Prospective designs, representative samples, and validated instruments, eg, for prolonged grief, are suggested for future research.
Molybdenum‐ and tungsten‐containing formate dehydrogenases and formylmethanofuran dehydrogenases: Structure, mechanism, and cofactor insertion
Authors: Niks Dimitri , Hille Russ 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn overview is provided of the molybdenum‐ and tungsten‐containing enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of formate and CO2, focusing on common structural and mechanistic themes, as well as a consideration of the manner in which the mature Mo‐ or W‐containing cofactor is inserted into apoprotein.
Noncovalent interactions in inorganic supramolecular chemistry based in heavy metals. Quantum chemistry point of view
Authors: Barrientos Lorena , Miranda‐Rojas Sebatian , Mendizabal Fernando 
Published: August 2018

AbstractComplexity is a concept that is being considered in chemistry as it has shown potential to reveal interesting phenomena. Thus, it is possible to study chemical phenomena in a new approach called systems chemistry. The systems chemistry has an organization and function, which are regulated by the interactions among its components. At the simplest level, noncovalent interactions between molecules can lead to the emergence of large structures. Consequently, it is possible to go from the molecular to the supramolecular systems chemistry, which aims to develop chemical systems highly complex through intra‐ and intermolecular forces. Proper use of the interactions previously mentioned allow a glimpse of supramolecular system chemistry in many tasks such as structural properties reflecting certain behaviors in the chemistry of materials, for example, electrical and optical, processes of molecular recognition and among others. In the last time, within this area, inorganic supramolecular systems chemistry has been developed. Those systems have a structural orientation which is defined by certain forces that predominate in the associations among molecules. It is possible to recognize these forces as hydrogen bonding, π‐π stacking, halogen bonding, electrostatic, hydrophobic, charge transfer, metal coordination, and metallophilic interactions. The presence of these forces in supramolecular system yields certain properties such as light absorption and luminescence. The quantum theoretical modeling plays an important role in the designing of the supramolecular system. The goal is to apply supramolecular principles in order to understand the associated forces in many inorganic molecules that include heavy metals for instance gold, platinum, and mercury. Relevant systems will be studied in detail, considering functional aspects such as enhanced coordination of functionalized molecular self‐assembly, electronic and optoelectronic properties.
Monitoring of glutamate‐induced excitotoxicity by mitochondrial oxygen consumption
Authors: Kumagai Ayako , Sasaki Tsutomu , Matsuoka Kenta , Abe Masayoshi , Tabata Toshihide , Itoh Yumi , Fuchino Hiroyuki , Wugangerile Sartagul , Suga Mika , Yamaguchi Tomoko , Kawahara Hidehisa , Nagaoka Yasuo , Kawabata Kenji , Furue Miho Kusuda , Takemori Hiroshi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDysfunction of mitochondrial activity is often associated with the onset and progress of neurodegenerative diseases. Membrane depolarization induced by Na+ influx increases intracellular Ca2+ levels in neurons, which upregulates mitochondrial activity. However, overlimit of Na+ influx and its prolonged retention ultimately cause excitotoxicity leading to neuronal cell death. To return the membrane potential to the normal level, Na+/K+‐ATPase exchanges intracellular Na+ with extracellular K+ by consuming a large amount of ATP. This is a reason why mitochondria are important for maintaining neurons. In addition, astrocytes are thought to be important for supporting neighboring neurons by acting as energy providers and eliminators of excessive neurotransmitters. In this study, we examined the meaning of changes in the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in primary mouse neuronal populations. By varying the medium constituents and using channel modulators, we found that pyruvate rather than lactate supported OCR levels and conferred on neurons resistance to glutamate‐mediated excitotoxicity. Under a pyruvate‐restricted condition, our OCR monitoring could detect excitotoxicity induced by glutamate at only 10 μM. The OCR monitoring also revealed the contribution of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor and Na+/K+‐ATPase to the toxicity, which allowed evaluating spontaneous excitation. In addition, the OCR monitoring showed that astrocytes preferentially used glutamate, not glutamine, for a substrate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This mechanism may be coupled with astrocyte‐dependent protection of neurons from glutamate‐mediated excitotoxicity. These results suggest that OCR monitoring would provide a new powerful tool to analyze the mechanisms underlying neurotoxicity and protection against it.
The new νMSM (ννMSM): radiative neutrino masses, keV-scale dark matter and viable leptogenesis with sub-TeV new physics
Authors: Baumholzer Sven , Brdar Vedran , Schwaller Pedro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe study the scenario in which the Standard model is augmented by three generations of right-handed neutrinos and a scalar doublet. The newly introduced fields share an odd charge under a ℤ2parity symmetry. This model, commonly known as “Scotogenic”, was designed to provide a mechanism for active neutrino mass generation as well as a viable dark matter candidate. In this paper we consider a scenario in which the dark matter particle is at the keV-scale. Such particle is free from X-ray limits due to the unbroken parity symmetry that forbids the mixing between active and right-handed neutrinos. The active neutrino masses are radiatively generated from the new scalars and the two heavier right-handed states with ∼$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(100) GeV masses. These heavy fermions can produce the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe through the combination of Akhmedov-Rubakov-Smirnov mechanism and recently proposed scalar decays. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that these two mechanisms are shown to be successful in any radiative model. We identify the parameter space where the successful leptogenesis is compatible with the observed abundance of dark matter as well as the measurements from the neutrino oscillation experiments. Interestingly, combining dark matter production and successful leptogenesis gives rise to strict limits from big bang nucleosynthesis which do not allow the mass of dark matter to lie above ∼ 10 keV, providing a phenomenological hint for considered low-scale dark matter. By featuring the keV-scale dark matter free from stringent X-ray limits, successful baryon asymmetry generation and non-zero active neutrino masses, the model is a direct analogue to theνMSM model proposed by Asaka, Blanchet and Shaposhnikov. Therefore we dub the presented framework as “The newνMSM” abbreviated asννMSM.
Undergraduate Student Perceptions and Awareness of Genetic Counseling
Authors: Gerard Amanda , Noblin Sarah , Hashmi S. Shahrukh , Bean Andrew J. , Bergstrom Katie , Hurst Christina B. , Mattox William , Stevens Blair 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGenetic counseling is a rapidly expanding field, and the supply of certified genetic counselors is currently unable to keep up with job demand. Research is fairly limited regarding the awareness and perceptions that prospective genetic counseling students have on the field and what factors most influence their interest. The current study includes data collected from 1389 undergraduate students in the sciences at 23 universities across the United States who were surveyed regarding information related to their awareness, perceptions, knowledge, and interest in genetic counseling. The majority of participants had heard of genetic counseling (78.0%), many from a high school course (37.3%), college course (28.1%), or online (11.5%). Familiarity was associated with factors such as female gender (p = 0.003) and length of time in school (p < 0.001). After taking the survey, participant interest was positively associated with several factors including female gender (p < 0.001) and Asian and Hispanic ethnicity (p = 0.012). Factors commonly reported as attractive about the field included direct patient care, the variety of roles available, cultural competency and psychosocial training, and helping others. Discussion elaborates upon specific factors related to student awareness and interest in genetic counseling and potential ways to tailor recruitment strategies for maximum benefit to the field.
Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: a Retrospective Analysis of a Community Oncology Database
Authors: Fisher Maxine D. , Pulgar Sonia , Kulke Matthew H. , Mirakhur Beloo , Miller Paul J. , Walker Mark S. , Schwartzberg Lee S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Purpose
Metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (mNETs) are rare, heterogeneous tumors that present diagnostic and treatment challenges, with limited data on the management of mNETs in clinical practice. The present study was designed to identify current diagnostic and treatment patterns in mNET patients treated in the US community oncology setting.

Methods
Patient-level data was collected from medical records of adults with mNETs from the Vector Oncology Data Warehouse, a comprehensive US community oncology network database.

Results
Of the 263 patients included (median follow-up, 22 months; range, 0.1–193.9), 30.4% (80/263) had intestinal tumors, 11.0% (29/263) had pancreatic, and 58.6% (154/263) had tumors of other or unknown location. Progression-free survival (PFS) from the start of first-line therapy differed significantly by tumor grade (log rank P = 0.0016) and location (P = 0.0044), as did overall survival (OS) (grade, P < 0.0001; location, P = 0.0068). Median PFS and OS for patients with undocumented tumor grade were shorter than for patients with G1/G2 tumors and longer than patients with G3 tumors. Median PFS and OS for patients with other or unknown tumors were shorter than for patients with intestinal tumors.

Conclusions
While potentially confounded by the high number of patients with other or unknown tumor locations, this retrospective study of patients in a US community oncology setting identified the importance of awareness of tumor grade and tumor location at diagnosis, as these were direct correlates of PFS and OS.
The cost of debt capital revisited
Authors: Baule Rainer 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe propose a method to estimate the cost of debt in a continuous-time framework with an infinite time horizon. The approach builds on the class of well-known earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)-based models. It extends other approaches based on option-pricing theory with a finite one-period horizon. The model is capable of splitting the observed yield spread of a corporate bond into the risk premium, which adds to the expected return of bondholders, and the default premium, which accounts for expected losses. The model can easily be calibrated for non-public firms, since most of its input parameters are readily observable, while the output, the model-implied cost of debt, proves to be very insensitive with respect to the remaining non-observable parameters, the EBIT growth rate, and the bankruptcy costs of the firm. We demonstrate the applicability of the cost of debt to calculate an approximate weighted average cost of capital for the purpose of firm and project valuation, and its usage and limitations.
Multiagent Modelling and Simulation of a Physical Internet Enabled Rail-Road Intermodal Transport System
Authors: Sun Yan , Zhang Chen , Dong Kunxiang , Lang Maoxiang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Simulation-based analysis has been used for planning, control, and decision-making support of physical internet enabled logistics networks. However, multiagent modelling and simulation based on micro-level interactions have been rarely developed for the pre-studies of digital transformation of urban rail transit systems. This hinders a wider industrial deployment of agent technology in the physical internet enabled transport infrastructure. To fill in this knowledge gap, this work presents an agent-based simulation that explicitly models the micro-level protocols of mobile recourse units and their interaction with the physical infrastructure in a rail-road intermodal transport network. Parameterisation of the simulation model is changeable to examine the influences of different efficiency factors. This allows understanding of which structural functions and resource configuration would make an impact system-wide. Through a practical application, a multiagent system is developed for modelling and analysis of sustainable logistics with individually operated mobile resource units. An agent-based simulation assessment is performed to quantify the improvement options. The results reveal that the physical internet can prevent trucks from empty driving, which has a positive effect on the sustainable logistics operations. The proposed model can be used to support the deployment and planning of digital transformation that could be implemented in urban rail transit systems serving urban distribution and passenger transport.