bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increases in circulating megakaryocyte growth-promoting activity in the plasma of rats following whole body irradiation
Authors: Miura M , Jackson CW , Lyles SA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To gain insight into the regulation of megakaryocyte precursors in vivo, we assayed (in vitro) megakaryocyte growth-promoting activity (Meg-GPA) in plasma of rats in which both marrow hypoplasia and thrombocytopenia had been induced by irradiation. Rats received whole body irradiation of 834 rad from a 137Cs source. Plasma was collected at intervals of hours to days, up through day 21 postirradiation, and was tested, at a concentration of 30%, for Meg-GPA on bone marrow cells cultured in 1.1% methylcellulose with 5 X 10(-5) M 2-mercaptoethanol. With normal rat plasma, no megakaryocyte colonies (defined as greater than or equal to 4 megakaryocytes) were seen and only a few single megakaryocytes and clusters (defined as 2 or 3 megakaryocytes) were formed. Two peaks of plasma Meg-GPA were observed after irradiation. The first appeared at 12 hr, before any decrease in marrow megakaryocyte concentration or platelet count. The second occurred on days 10–14 after irradiation, after the nadir in megakaryocyte concentration and while platelet counts were at their lowest levels. A dose-response study of plasma concentration and megakaryocyte growth, using plasma collected 11 days postirradiation, demonstrated that patterns of megakaryocyte growth were related to plasma concentration; formation of single megakaryocytes was optimal over a range of 20%-30% plasma concentration, while cluster and colony formation were optimal at a plasma concentration of 30%. All forms of megakaryocyte growth were decreased with 40% plasma. There was a linear relationship between the number of bone marrow cells plated and growth of single cells, clusters, and colonies using a concentration of 30% plasma collected 11 days after irradiation. We conclude that irradiation causes time- related increases in circulating megakaryocyte growth-promoting activity. We suggest that the irradiated rat is a good model for studying the relationships between Meg-GPA and megakaryocyte and platelet concentration in vivo.
Phenotypically and functionally distinct subpopulations of human lymphocytes with T cell markers also exhibit different cytochemical patterns of staining for lysosomal enzymes
Authors: Landay A , Clement LT , Grossi CE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes that express T cell markers, when reacted for the cytochemical localization of lysosomal acid hydrolases, display two major patterns of staining, i.e., dot-like and scattered granular. Previous attempts to fractionate T cells according to surface markers have yielded populations of cells with heterogeneous patterns of cytochemical staining. In this study, peripheral blood cells forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes have been fractionated by sequential staining with two monoclonal antibodies, D12 and 2D2, followed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. These reagents have been shown previously to recognize a subpopulation of cells capable of suppressing T cell proliferation. All of the cells positive for D12 and 2D2 stained for acid hydrolases with the scattered granular pattern, whereas the large majority of the cells negative for both markers stained with the dot-like pattern. It is concluded that suppressor cells within the E+ cell fraction have the cytochemical characteristics of large granular lymphocytes.
Cytofluorometric detection of B cell clonal excess: a new approach to the diagnosis of B cell lymphoma
Authors: Weinberg DS , Pinkus GS , Ault KA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A sensitive cytofluorometric technique, the “kappa-lambda test,” permits detection of small numbers of monoclonal B lymphocytes (clonal excess). Such a method might represent a new diagnostic tool for diagnosis of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, potentially providing definitive evidence of lymphomatous involvement in cases equivocal by standard immunologic methods. To determine the significance of detecting B cell clonal excess in lymphoid tissues, we applied the kappa-lambda test to cell suspensions from 60 consecutive specimens suspected to involvement by malignant lymphoma. Results were correlated with the pathologic diagnosis and with standard cell marker studies in each case. B cell clonal excess was observed in 24 of the 25 cases of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of B cell origin, including a single case involving early detection of recurrence. None of the remaining cases, including benign reactive hyperplasia, T cell lymphoma, and Hodgkin’s disease, showed evidence of B cell clonal excess. Selective examination of cell subpopulations was also achieved using this cytofluorometric method. We conclude that the detection of B cell clonal excess by the kappa-lambda test represents a new approach to the diagnosis of B cell lymphoma, which provides certain advantages over more standard methods of cell marker analysis.
In vitro cytodestruction of human leukemic cells using murine monoclonal antibodies and human complement
Authors: Stepan DE , Bartholomew RM , LeBien TW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have investigated the ability of murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) to lyse human leukemic cells in vitro using human serum as a source of complement (C'). The human C'-fixing ability of five of seven MoAb is documented. Studies with two of these MoAb (BA-1 and BA-2) indicated that their human C'-fixing ability and subsequent lysis of leukemic cells was through activation of the classical pathway of C', was independent of donor serum source, and occurred with a number of different target cells. BA-1 and BA-2 could effectively lyse fresh leukemic cells in the presence of 100% human serum, and BA-1 plus human serum could effectively lyse leukemic cells in the presence of a 20- fold excess of normal human bone marrow cells. Our results have potential implications for immunotherapy trials utilizing murine MoAb.
The production of granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating activity by isolated human T lymphocyte subpopulations
Authors: Hesketh PJ , Sullivan R , Valeri CR , McCarroll LA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Isolated human T lymphocyte subpopulations were obtained by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using the murine monoclonal antibodies, OKT4 and OKT8. The capabilities of the isolated lymphocytes to produce granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in response to mitogen challenge were assessed by in vitro assays employing light density nonadherent bone marrow cells. Essentially, no CSA production was noted by any isolated T lymphocyte population [OKT4 positive (+) or OKT8 positive (+)] cultured alone or following the addition of 10(4) autologous monocytes/ml. When phytohemagglutinin (PHA) alone was added, OKT4+ lymphocytes elaborated small amounts of CSA. With the addition of concanavalin A (Con-A) alone, both OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells were able to produce modest amounts of CSA. Significantly enhanced CSA production was observed when either OKT4+ or OKT8+ lymphocytes were coincubated with autologous monocytes in the presence of mitogen. We conclude that highly purified T lymphocyte subpopulations, free of monocytes as assessed by nonspecific esterase staining, can elaborate small amounts of CSA in response to PHA or Con- A challenge. A synergistic augmentation of CSA production was noted with coincubation of sorted lymphocytes and autologous monocytes in the presence of mitogen. Finally, our results suggest that the ability of T lymphocytes to make CSA is not exclusively limited to either the OKT4+ or OKT8+ defined subsets.
Multiinstitution study of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas using frozen section immunoperoxidase: the Southeastern Cancer Study Group experience
Authors: Borowitz MJ , Newby S , Brynes RK , Cousar JB , Whitcomb CC , Crissman JD , Byrne GE Jr , Collins RD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This report describes the experience of the Southeastern Cancer Study Group (SECSG) with a transport medium used for immunologic phenotyping of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. In a 2-mo pilot study, portions of 53 specimens of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma from four member institutions of the SECSG and affiliated community hospitals were sent by regular mail to a central laboratory. Immunologic phenotyping was carried out using a frozen section immunoperoxidase technique. In 48 of the cases, a clear-cut immunologic phenotype was obtained. Thirty-four tumors were of B cell origin and 7 had T cell markers. Six of the remaining lymphomas had neither B nor T cell markers, and the seventh had both. In 12 cases, phenotyping was also carried out at the originating institution using conventional cell suspension techniques; agreement between the two methods was excellent. The immunologic results were correlated with histopathologic diagnosis standardized using the Working Formulation for non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. It was found that the low grade tumors were all B cell, but that the intermediate grade tumors were very heterogeneous immunologically. About one-fourth of the diffuse, intermediate grade or miscellaneous tumors had T cell markers. Our results indicate that immunologic phenotyping may be performed satisfactorily on transported material, making multiinstitution studies on the prognostic significance of immunologic phenotype in non- Hodgkin’s lymphomas feasible.
Evidence for the presence of CFU-E with increased in vitro sensitivity to erythropoietin in sickle cell anemia
Authors: Pennathur-Das R , Alpen E , Vichinsky E , Garcia J , Lubin B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To investigate the cellular events that accompany erythroid hyperplasia, we studied several effects of erythropoietin (Epo) on marrow CFU-E in sickle cell anemia (SCA). We measured CFU-E number, CFU- E growth as a function both of Epo exposure time and of Epo concentration, and suppression of Epo-induced CFU-E formation by anti- Epo antiserum. With 0.5 U Epo/ml, the number of CFU-E was elevated in SCA (1,087 +/- 520) compared to normal (430 +/- 130). CFU-E were formed even when Epo was immediately neutralized by a 1/150 dilution of anti- Epo. After 40 hr of Epo exposure, only 2% of total CFU-E were expressed in normal marrow, whereas 12%-40% of CFU-E were expressed in SCA. Inhibition of CFU-E growth required at least 1/50 dilution of anti-Epo in SCA and a 1/300 dilution in normal marrow. In contrast to normal, a small number (5%-20%) of CFU-E were expressed in the absence of added Epo in SCA, and this pool required a 1/150 dilution of anti-Epo for inhibition. The Epo dose-response curve in SCA revealed a peak in colony formation around 0.1 U Epo/ml and 0.5 U Epo/ml, whereas only one peak at 0.5 U Epo/ml was seen in normals. These data strongly suggest that, in response to the demands of chronic erythroid hyperplasia in SCA, a pool of CFU-E is present characterized by increased in vitro sensitivity to Epo.
Aberrant sialylation of granulocyte membranes in chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Baker MA , Taub RN , Whelton CH , Hindenburg A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Peripheral blood granulocytes from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) were studied for accessibility of membrane sialic acid and galactose residues to sodium borohydride-3H radiolabeling after oxidation with sodium metaperiodate (PI/B3H4) or with galactose oxidase (GO/B3H4). Granulocytes from untreated patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia showed increased radiolabeling with PI/B3H4, and decreased labeling with GO/B3H4 when compared to normal granulocytes. Granulocytes from leukemic patients receiving chemotherapy showed normal labeling patterns. Gel electrophoresis of membrane extracts showed that the changes in PI/B3H4 and GO/B3H4 reactivity of CML cells were distributed over all membrane protein bands. Our data suggest that CML granulocyte membrane proteins are aberrantly sialylated, with decreased accessibility of galactose residues, and that these changes may be reversed by clinical drug treatment.
Cell membrane shape control--effects of chloromethyl ketone peptides
Authors: Alhanaty E , Sheetz MP 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The shape of the human erythrocyte is normally maintained in vivo as a biconcave disc for 120 days. In vitro, the cell shape can be altered readily by amphipathic compounds; however, given time and an energy source, the cells can recover the discoid morphology. An active shape control mechanism is postulated to regulate erythrocyte shape. The shape recovery process is a necessary element in reversing perturbations of shape and is basic to our understanding of how membrane shape is altered. We report here that the process of shape recovery from crenation is dramatically accelerated upon pretreatment of the cells with micromolar (20–100 microM) concentrations of chloromethyl ketone peptides [such as N-alpha-tosyl-L-phenylalanine- chloromethyl ketone (tos-pheCH2Cl)]. Such pretreatments do not appear to affect cellular viability, as judged by their normal biconcave disc shape, their sensitivity to crenators, their lactic acid production, or the ATP-dependent shape change of the purified membranes. Treatment with high concentrations of tos-pheCH2Cl does cause normal cells to become stomatocytic by an energy-requiring process, i.e., it requires glucose, incubation at 37 degrees C, and will not occur in ATP-depleted cells. We suggest that the chloromethyl ketone peptides affect a metabolic process that is associated with the hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt. Through the alteration of the HMP shunt metabolism, they modify an active stomatocytic process in the erythrocyte that can correct for the perturbation caused by crenators. Implications of these findings for analogous phenomena in cultured cells are discussed.
Interdigitative coupling of presumptive hematopoietic stem cells to macrophages in endocloned marrow colonies
Authors: Lambertsen RH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hematopoietic marrow colonies were studied ultrastructurally to investigate stromal cell-hematopoietic cell interactions during early hematopoiesis. An elaborate interdigitative coupling of mature marrow macrophages to morphologically undifferentiated colony cells is described. This coupling was found in undifferentiated and granulocytic colonies and established a physical linkage of the macrophage and undifferentiated cell. The spaces between the coupled cells contained an electron-dense material and appeared to be modified by the uptake or release of cytoplasmic vesicles of the macrophage. Based on available evidence that hematopoietic stem cell proliferation is controlled at a local, or stromal, level, and the finding that this interaction occurs in very early hematopoietic colonies, it is suggested that interdigitative couplings represent a mechanism of stem cell regulation. In addition, the observations indicate macrophages to be actively involved with the lodgement of morphologically undifferentiated hematopoietic cells in the marrow space.
Prognostic significance of immunologic phenotype in hairy cell leukemia
Authors: Jansen J , Schuit HR , Hermans J , Hijmans W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a usually chronic B cell lymphoproliferative disorder. To evaluate the prognostic significance of the various heavy and light chain determinants of the surface immunoglobulins (slg), we analyzed the clinical data and immunologic phenotype of 64 patients with HCL. Sixty-two of the 64 patients showed slg, which was invariably of only one light chain type (kappa 33, lambda 29). The actuarial survival of the cases expressing kappa-light chains was significantly better than those with lambda-light chains (p less than 0.002). This difference persisted when only cases with gamma or alpha gamma heavy chains were considered. No differences between the kappa and lambda-subgroups were discovered with respect to parameters of clinical importance. The various heavy chain classes of slg did not correlate significantly with the survival time. These results suggest that the immunologic phenotype, in particular the light chain type, may be a prognostic factor in patients with HCL.
The use of radiolabeled and fluorescein-labeled antiglobulins in assays to predict platelet transfusion outcome
Authors: Ware R , Reisner EG , Rosse WF 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We used both radiolabeled and fluorescein-labeled antiglobulins in assays to detect antibodies against platelets in multiply transfused patients to determine the value of these tests in predicting the outcome of platelet transfusion in such patients. In 15 allosensitized patients, we studied 68 single-donor platelet transfusions, 43 (63%) of which had a poor outcome, defined as a corrected count increment (CCI), less than 10,000. The results obtained with either test were significantly correlated with the CCI following transfusion (p less than 0.001), but the assay using the radiolabeled antiglobulin had slightly better sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value. When the assays were used in combination, there was again significant correlation with the CCI of the transfusion, p less than 0.001. When both assays predicted failure of the transfusions, 31/31 (100%) such transfusions resulted in a CCI of less than 10,000, and when both assays predicted success of the transfusions, 14/15 (93%) such transfusions resulted in a CCI of greater than 10,000. Both assays are useful in predicting the outcome of the platelet transfusions; when the assay results were concordant, almost total predictive accuracy was obtained.
Predictive factors for acute graft-versus-host disease in patients transplanted with HLA-identical bone marrow
Authors: Bross DS , Tutschka PJ , Farmer ER , Beschorner WE , Braine HG , Mellits ED , Bias WB , Santos GW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To identify predictive parameters for incidence and severity of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), 136 patients, transplanted with histocompatible marrow as therapy for aplastic anemia and hematologic malignancies, were examined using univariate and multivariate analyses. The risk of GVHD increased in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (p less than 0.05), in sex-mismatched donor-recipient pairs (p less than 0.01), and in patients older than 23.7 yr (p less than 0.05). No other commonly observed factors appeared to have any relationship to GVHD except the presence of certain alleles. The presence of a Cw4 allele or of the Bw21 specificities B49 and B50 were associated with significantly increased risks of GVHD (p less than 0.05), whereas the presence of Aw19 (or the related specificities A29, Aw30, Aw31 , Aw32, Aw33 ) was associated with a significantly decreased risk (p less than 0.01). Using these factors, a regression equation can be constructed that estimates the risk of a given patient to develop clinically significant acute GVHD.
A Hodgkin cell-specific antigen is expressed on a subset of auto- and alloactivated T (helper) lymphoblasts
Authors: Andreesen R , Osterholz J , Lohr GW , Bross KJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A Hodgkin cell-specific antigen detected by the monoclonal antibody Ki- 1 was found on T helper lymphocytes after activation by autologous and allogeneic stimulator cells. About 50% of lymphoblasts generated by auto- and alloactivation reacted with the antibody. In contrast, only less than 6% of lymphoblasts stimulated with Con-A, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), or protein A, and none of lymphoblasts activated by oxidative mitogenesis, expressed this antigen. Among several permanent cell lines tested, the K562, MOLT-4, HL-60, and EBV transformed B lymphoblastoid cells reacted with the Ki-1 antibody. The results may indicate possible relationships between the autoreactive subset of T lymphocytes and the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease.
Lineage infidelity following exposure of T lymphoblasts (MOLT-3 cells) to 5-azacytidine
Authors: Smith LJ , McCulloch EA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The appearance on single leukemic blast cells of markers of at least two different lineages has been termed lineage infidelity. MOLT-3 cells, a continuous line of human T lymphoblasts, express T cell markers as defined immunologically with monoclonal antibodies. Following a single exposure to 5-azacytidine, other markers, usually associated with non-T cell lineages, appeared transiently. A stable clone with lineage infidelity was obtained by selection from colonies expressing novel markers. Marker expression followed reproducible kinetics during growth. 5-Azacytidine-treated MOLT-3 subclones may be useful models in the study of lineage infidelity and gene expression.
Effects of thalassemia and microcytosis on the hematologic and vasoocclusive severity of sickle cell anemia
Authors: Steinberg MH , Rosenstock W , Coleman MB , Adams JG , Platica O , Cedeno M , Rieder RF , Wilson JT , Milner P , West S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The characteristic clinical heterogeneity of sickle cell anemia (HbSS) may be, in part, a result of its interactions with alpha-thalassemia. Although alpha-thalassemia clearly affects some hematologic features of HbSS, its role in modulating the vasoocclusive severity of disease is not clear. To further explore this relationship, we examined the incidence of painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, aseptic bone necrosis, and leg ulcers in 3 patient groups with sickle cell disease: (1) 2,147 patients over age 2 yr, stratified according to mean corpuscular volume (MCV); (2) 183 patients selected on the basis of microcytosis and elevated HbA2, on whom globin biosynthesis studies were done; and (3) 125 patients who had alpha-globin genotype assigned by restriction endonuclease gene mapping. When patients were stratified by MCV, there was a reciprocal relationship between HbA2 levels and MCV, reflecting the presence of patients with beta o and alpha- thalassemia in the low MCV groups. The erythrocyte indices and HbA2 levels in patients classified as HbSS-alpha-thalassemia, by either globin synthesis studies or gene mapping, were very similar to those previously reported by others. Neither microcytosis, beta o, or alpha- thalassemia appeared to provide any clear protection from the vasoocclusive complication evaluated, and the prevalence of aseptic necrosis was increased in patients with microcytosis over age 20 yr and in groups with alpha-thalassemia. The effects of a reduced MCV and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), of possible benefit by themselves, when accompanied by a reduction in hemolysis and rise in hemoglobin concentration, as in HbSS-alpha-thalassemia, may cause sufficient rise in blood viscosity in critical vascular beds to impair blood flow and negate any amelioration of vasoocclusive complications in HbSS.