bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Wheeled Robot Driven by a Liquid‐Metal Droplet
Authors: Wu Jian , Tang Shi‐Yang , Fang Tao , Li Weihua , Li Xiangpeng , Zhang Shiwu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe controlled actuation of gallium liquid‐metal (LM) alloys has presented new and exciting opportunities for constructing mobile robots with structural flexibility. However, the locomotion of current LM‐based actuators often relies on inducing a gradient of interfacial tension on the LM surface within electrolytes, which limits their application outside a liquid environment. In this work, a wheeled robot using a LM droplet as the core of the driving system is developed that enables it to move outside liquid environment. The LM droplet inside the robot is actuated using a voltage to alter the robot's center of gravity, which in turn generates a rolling torque and induces continuous locomotion at a steady speed. A series of experiments is carried out to examine the robot's performance and then to develop a dynamic model using the Lagrange method to understand the locomotion. An untethered and self‐powered wheeled robot that utilizes mini‐lithium‐batteries is also demonstrated. This study is envisaged to have the potential to expand current research on LM‐based actuators to realize future complex robotic systems.
Direct Laser Writing of Crystallized TiO2 and TiO2/Carbon Microstructures with Tunable Conductive Properties
Authors: Yu Shang‐Yu , Schrodj Gautier , Mougin Karine , Dentzer Joseph , Malval Jean‐Pierre , Zan Hsiao‐Wen , Soppera Olivier , Spangenberg Arnaud 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMetal oxides are an important class of materials for optoelectronic applications. In this context, developing simple and versatile processes for integrating these materials at the microscale and nanoscale has become increasingly important. One of the major remaining challenges is to control the microstructuration and electro‐optical properties in a single step. It is shown here that near‐infrared femtosecond laser irradiation can be successfully used to prepare amorphous or crystallized TiO2 microstructures in a single step using a direct laser writing (DLW) approach from a TiO2 precursor thin film doped with a suitable dye. When laser writing is conducted under a nitrogen atmosphere, simultaneous to the crosslinking of the Ti‐oxide precursor, the graphitization of the organic species embedded in the initial film is observed. In this case, a carbon network is generated within the TiO2 matrix, which significantly increases the conductivity. Moreover, the TiO2/C nanocomposite exhibits piezoresistive behavior that is used in a pressure sensor device. Using this route, it is possible to use DLW to fabricate microsized pressure sensors.
Progress in Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc‐ and Aluminum‐Ion Battery Electrodes: Challenges and Outlook
Authors: Verma Vivek , Kumar Sonal , Manalastas William , Satish Rohit , Srinivasan Madhavi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractModern cities demand a reliable supply of electricity when and where it is needed, therefore a key design for power generators feeding on noncontinuous, nonfuel renewables is installing auxiliary battery‐type energy storage systems (BESS). Batteries using Zn ions or Al ions in aqueous electrolytes are highly attractive due to low cost and elemental abundance considerations, but attaining reversibility at a high energy density and long‐life operation is challenging. Here, the authors review recent reports of reversible aqueous‐electrolyte batteries, focusing on how mechanisms of electrochemical activation, insertion, and conversion occur. Further, key issues related to cation mobility, electrode stability, the formation of electrode–electrolyte interface, and electrolyte decomposition, along with possible solutions or research directions for enabling superior performance of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries and Al‐ion batteries are explored.
MOFs‐Based Heterogeneous Catalysts: New Opportunities for Energy‐Related CO2 Conversion
Authors: Lei Zhendong , Xue Yuancheng , Chen Wenqian , Qiu Wenhui , Zhang Yong , Horike Satoshi , Tang Liang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with high surface area and tunable chemical structures have attracted tremendous attention. Recently, the utilization of solar energy for CO2 conversion to produce valuable chemicals or fuels has become extremely appealing. The interior of MOFs can be designed to have defects, heteroatoms and embedded nanoscale metal catalysts for the development of CO2 conversion. In this review, the recent development of MOFs‐based catalysts for CO2 conversion reactions, including photocatalysis and electrocatalysis are summarized. In particular, the preparation and mechanism of CO2 conversion‐based MOFs are discussed. The examples are expected to provide deeper understanding in preparing highly active and stable MOFs‐based CO2 conversion materials.
Trimetallic Sulfide Mesoporous Nanospheres as Superior Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Yang Haozhou , Wang Bin , Li Haoyi , Ni Bing , Wang Kai , Zhang Qiang , Wang Xun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHighly active and durable electrocatalysts are of great significance to accelerate the sluggish oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reaction (OER and ORR) which are indispensable processes in practical devices such as metal–air batteries. Herein, the authors integrate morphological design with compositional manipulation, and successfully achieve well‐defined CoNiFe sulfide mesoporous nanospheres (CoNiFe‐S MNs). The as‐prepared CoNiFe‐S MNs exhibit superior OER and ORR catalytic activity, delivering a low overpotential of only 199 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH solution and a half‐wave potential of 0.78 V in 0.1 m KOH solution toward OER and ORR, respectively. The CoNiFe‐S MNs involved Zn–air battery exhibits remarkable charge–discharge performance (voltage gap of 0.76 V at 2 mA cm−2) and high power density (over 140 mW cm−3). Extended‐time durability tests validate the structural recoverability of the mesoporous morphology, and the remarkable performance can be attributed to the intrinsic synergistic effect of heterometallic ions. It is believed that the method could pave the way for the design of novel electrocatalysts for Zn–air batteries.
A Geologic Architecture System‐Inspired Micro‐/Nano‐Heterostructure Design for High‐Performance Energy Storage
Authors: Wan Caichao , Jiao Yue , Liang Daxin , Wu Yiqiang , Li Jian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNature‐inspired strategies are extensively proposed as novel and effective routines to address challenges for eco‐friendly and high‐performance energy storage devices with high energy/power density and long cycling life. Inspired by synergistic functions and integrated form of a geologic architecture system (i.e., ground–mountain–vegetation), here a novel and hierarchical cellulose‐supported Co@Co(OH)2 heterostructure based on a facile combined method of magnetron sputtering and electrooxidation is created. Thanks to the synergistic effects of this multiscale structure (i.e., the storage capacity of cellulose substrate (ground) for electrolyte ions, electron superhighway supplied by interlayered metallic Co (mountain), and ultrahigh electrochemical activity and mechanical stability of in situ grown and quasi‐honeycomb Co(OH)2 (vegetation) with large surface area), the composite displays a high specific capacitance (642 mF cm−2/958 F g−1 at 2 mA cm−2), excellent rate performance, and outstanding cycling stability (only 2.1% loss after 10 000 cycles), which are significantly superior to those of other microstructure designs of Co(OH)2‐based electrodes. Also, the assembled asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits highly competitive energy/power density (166  µW h cm−2 at 1.5 mW cm−2) and excellent cycling stability. Combined with the outstanding electrochemical properties, facile synthesis technology, environmental friendliness, and low cost, this ingenious nature‐inspired composite holds great promise for green high‐performance energy storage devices.
Hybrid Photothermal Pyroelectric and Thermogalvanic Generator for Multisituation Low Grade Heat Harvesting
Authors: Ding Tianpeng , Zhu Liangliang , Wang Xiao‐Qiao , Chan Kwok Hoe , Lu Xin , Cheng Yin , Ho Ghim Wei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHarvesting of prevalent low grade solar heat from otherwise wasted energy has received tremendous attention. However, extensive and continuous conversion remains challenging due to distributed nature of heat, limited temperature difference with the surroundings, ambient solar heat fluctuation, and night time period of darkness. Herein, a hybrid thermogalvanic and pyroelectric generator for multisituation structured/unstructured, static/dynamic, and day/night waste heat harnessing for continuous operation is reported. Powered by versatile thermal energy harvesting strategies, the hybrid photothermal generator is able to provide a more resilient and adaptive energy system to meet diversified energy demand, irrespective of unpredictable conditions. Taking advantage of the superior photothermal properties and electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes/cellulose nanocrystals nanocomposite, together with the heat localization effect induced by sponge‐confined electrolyte, simultaneous high thermogalvanic and pyroelectric performance is achieved with maximum outputs of 1.86 and 0.9 mW m−2, respectively. Moreover, a scaled‐up hybrid photothermal generator is successfully deployed on both land and water surfaces under natural sunlight, and also the feasibility of nighttime operation is verified. Such hybrid photothermal generators presented here offer an all‐day clean energy solution as well as a feasible and cost‐effective alternative to capitalize on solar energy and blue energy.
Surface Tuning of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Choi Hyung Jong , Bae Kiho , Grieshammer Steffen , Han Gwon Deok , Park Suk Won , Kim Jun Woo , Jang Dong Young , Koo Junmo , Son Ji‐Won , Martin Manfred , Shim Joon Hyung 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAtomic layer deposition (ALD) is a powerful tool for nanoscale film deposition. It can uniformly deposit films at a monolayer level even in complex 3D structures, while the deposition temperature is relatively low with its potential scalability. In this work, surface tuning of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathodes is successfully demonstrated by modifying the surface of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF) with nanoscale lanthanum strontium cobaltite (LSC) using ALD. The ALD‐LSC surface‐tuning layer can enhance the charge transfer kinetics at the cathode surface, while the backbone LSCF cathode provides a means for ionic and electronic transport. Microstructural analysis shows that the ALD‐LSC on LSCF has excellent step coverage, which is enabled by the conformal characteristic of the ALD process. It is found that the electrochemical performance of SOFCs can be enhanced enormously by surface tuning of the cathodes with nanoscale LSC film corresponding to 1–12 nm. Using density functional theory calculations, the enhanced catalytic activity of the surface‐tuned SOFC cathode using ALD‐LSC could be confirmed. This result demonstrates the possibility of nanoscale surface tuning of SOFC cathodes by using the ALD process to improve the surface activity.
DMSO‐Promoted Metal‐Free Aerobic Oxidation of Heterobenzylic Methylene to Prepare N‐Heterocyclic Ketones
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Yue Yuanyuan , Wang Xiaopei , Wang Ke , Lou Yixiao , Yao Meihuan , Zhuo Kelei , Lv Qingzhang , Liu Jianming 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUsing O2 as the terminal oxidant, the direct oxygenation of heterobenzylic C−H bonds can be achieved in DMSO. Various N‐heteroaryl ketones were provided with good yields through the protocol. It can also be conducted on a gram scale with good reaction efficiency. DMSO plays an important role in this selective oxygenation reaction of heterobenzylic methylenes.
Flexible Lithium–Air Battery in Ambient Air with an In Situ Formed Gel Electrolyte
Authors: Lei Xiaofeng , Liu Xizheng , Ma Wenqing , Cao Zhen , Wang Yonggang , Ding Yi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFlexible Li‐air batteries (LABs) have been considered as promising power sources for wearable electronics owing to its higher energy density. However, when operated in ambient air, problems arise, such as Li anode passivation, poor cycle life as well as leakage of liquid electrolyte. Herein, we present a LAB with a tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME, G4) gel electrolyte, in which the gel is formed in situ through a cross‐linking reaction between the liquid G4 and the lithium ethylenediamine (LiEDA) grown on the surface of Li anode. We demonstrate that the gel can efficiently alleviate the corrosion of the Li anode, and thus the LAB shows a cycle performance over 1175 hours (humidity: 10 % to 40 %), which is much superior to previous reports. Furthermore, the in situ formed gel enhances the electrode/electrolyte interfacial contact, which thus enables the cable‐type LAB to exhibit a great flexibility.
Harnessing the potential of bio‐ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass in Nigeria – a review
Authors: Awoyale Adeolu A. , Lokhat David 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe need to diversify energy sources and to change from the present non‐renewable hydrocarbon sources to renewable energy sources has prompted huge investments in research activities to produce bioethanol from carbohydrate‐rich foodstuffs such as cassava tuber, sugarcane molasses, yam tubers, rice grains, corn grains, and a host of others. In recent times, however, more attention has been given to producing bioethanol from the non‐edible parts of carbohydrate‐rich foodstuffs, which are obtained mainly as waste products from food‐crop processing. Such non‐edible components include peels, bagasse, straw, stalk, and cobs. The most important component of the biomass is lignocellulose, which is broken down into carbohydrates and then fermented. The major challenge in deploying biomass as feedstock for bioethanol production is the fact that lignocellulosic biomass is highly recalcitrant and therefore requires more vigorous pretreatment prior to saccharification and fermentation. The main techniques used for pretreating lignocellulosic materials are physical and thermal as well as chemical and biological methods. In Nigeria, lignocellulosic bioethanol production potential from agricultural residues amounts to about 7.556 × 109 L per annum with more than 62% generated from process residues. Cassava biomass alone can produce more than 114 L of bioethanol for every ton of cassava peels after processing. Nigeria has more than enough agricultural residues for bioethanol production to meet its sustainable bioethanol‐blending demands. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Change in teacher–student relationships and parent involvement after implementation of the Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management programme in a regular Norwegian school setting
Authors: Aasheim Merete , Drugli May‐Britt , Reedtz Charlotte , Handegård Bjørn Helge , Martinussen Monica 
Published: October 2018

This quasi‐experimental pre–post comparison group design examined if the Incredible Years (IY) Teacher Classroom Management (TCM) programme implemented as a school‐wide universal preventive intervention to students aged 6–8 years at the lower primary level in a regular school setting had an effect on teacher–student relationships and teacher–parent involvement. The IY‐TCM training was delivered simultaneously to the entire group of school staff in first to third grade. Teacher reports in 21 intervention schools were compared to teacher reports in 23 control schools. A total of 241 teachers and 1,518 students took part in the trial. Linear mixed model analyses suggest modest positive effects on change in teacher–student closeness (dw = 0.22) and conflict (dw = 0.15), where a moderator analysis showed a significantly higher treatment effect for high‐risk students on change in teacher–student conflict. A positive effect was found on change in teacher‐reported parent involvement in school (dw = 0.40), however, not on change in teacher‐reported bonding with parents. Results suggest a potential preventive impact of the IY‐TCM programme on change in teacher–student relationships and teacher–parent involvement when implemented as a universal preventive intervention in a regular school setting.
Divalent Eu2+ ion – an effective inorganic mediator of energy transfer from the primary chemiluminescence emitter 3Me2CHC(H)=O* on Tb3+ and Ru(bpy)32+ ions
Authors: Galimov D.I. , Yakupova S.M. , Bulgakov R.G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study demonstrated for the first time that chemiluminescence (CL) from oxidation of Bui2AlH (Bu = C4H9) using oxygen from tetrahydrofuran (THF) was significantly enhanced by the addition of Ru(bpy)32+. A quantitative comparison of the enhancement efficiency of this CL was performed by addition of ionic phosphors Eu2+, Tb3+ and Ru(bpy)32+. CL enhancement was caused by energy transfer from the primary CL emitter (3Me2CHC(H)=O* aldehyde) to these ionic phosphors. The CL efficiency enhancement was in the order: Eu2+ (8.9 × 106) > Tb3+ (100) > Ru(bpy)32+ (50). The enhanced CL emitters were excited ions: Eu2+*, λmax = 465 nm; Tb3+*, λmax = 485, 542, 625 nm; and Ru(bpy)32+*, λmax = 567 nm. When two ions Eu2+–Tb3+ or Eu2+–Ru(bpy)32+ were present in the reaction solution, the efficiency of CL enhancement by Tb3+ or Ru(bpy)32+ ions was much higher, being 1.2 × 106 and 4.2 × 104, respectively. In this case, two excited ions were simultaneously registered as CL emitters: Eu2+* and Tb3+* or Eu2+* and Ru(bpy)32+*. Emission intensity of the Eu2+* ion in these emitter doublets is much lower than when only one Eu2+ ion is present in solution.
Smoking is associated with increased risk of myeloproliferative neoplasms: A general population‐based cohort study
Authors: Pedersen Kasper M. , Bak Marie , Sørensen Anders L. , Zwisler Ann‐Dorthe , Ellervik Christina , Larsen Morten K. , Hasselbalch Hans C. , Tolstrup Janne S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundFormer studies on smoking as a risk factor for Philadelphia‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) have mainly been carried out in women's cohorts and studies with various definitions of MPNs. Herein, we conducted a cohort study with register‐based follow‐up of a general population from Denmark, to validate and substantiate prior observations.MethodsIn the Danish Health Examination Survey cohort, we used the Cox proportional‐hazards model adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and level of education, to calculate hazard ratios (HRs), to investigate, whether daily smokers or occasional/ex‐smokers had an increased risk of MPNs compared to never‐smokers.ResultsFrom the time of data collection (September 2007 to October 2008) until 1 January 2015, 70 individuals were diagnosed with MPNs among 75 896 study participants. Similar results were observed in both the age and sex adjusted analysis and the multivariable analysis. The multivariable HR of any MPN diagnosis for daily smokers was 2.5 (95% CI: 1.3‐5.0). For essential thrombocytosis, polycythemia vera, myelofibrosis, and MPN‐unclassified, the HRs were 1.8 (95% CI: 0.5‐5.8), 1.7 (95% CI: 0.5‐5.8), 4.3 (95% CI: 0.9‐19), and 6.2 (95% CI: 1.5‐25), respectively. Among occasional/ex‐smokers the corresponding HRs were 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1‐3.3), 1.5 (95% CI: 0.6‐3.7), 0.8 (95% CI: 0.3‐2.4), 0.9 (95% CI: 0.2‐4.4), and 6.2 (95% CI: 1.8‐21). Participants, who smoked >15 g/day, had an overall HR of 3.4 (95% CI: 1.4‐8.2) for any MPN diagnosis, while participants who smoked ≤15 g/day, had an overall HR of 2.1 (95% CI: 0.9‐4.7).ConclusionSmoking was associated with MPN development when comparing smokers and never‐smokers. Further studies investigating smoking in MPNs are warranted to substantiate our findings.
Synthesis of Tungsten Trioxide/Hematite Core‐Shell Nanoarrays for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Fan Xiaoli , Wang Tao , Xue Hairong , Gao Bin , Zhang Songtao , Gong Hao , Guo Hu , Song Li , Xia Wei , He Jianping 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHematite, with a band gap of 2.0∼2.2 eV suitable for visible light absorption, has emerged to be a promising photoanode material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) catalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we proposed the design and fabrication of a WO3/α‐Fe2O3 core‐shell heterojunction structure, aiming at alleviating the severe mismatch between the relatively long light penetration depth and the extremely short holes diffusion length in α‐Fe2O3. The WO3 nanoarray underlayer is grown directly on the FTO substrate, serving as an effective electron transfer layer and additional light absorber. The α‐Fe2O3 layer is further prepared via spin‐coating and a subsequent calcination process as a thin and uniform shell. The loading amount was regulated with different spin coating times of the precursor. The optimized WO3/α‐Fe2O3 core‐shell nanoarrays display an excellent performance with lower onset potential of 0.65 V vs. RHE and increased photocurrent response of 1.29 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE, much superior than the pristine α‐Fe2O3 or WO3 photoanode. Characterizations demonstrate that both improved light absorption and formation of heterojunction account for the excellent performance. After coating a NiFe‐LDH co‐catalyst layer, the oxygen evolution reaction is further enhanced, and high stability is achieved, benefiting from the efficient charge carrier generation, promoted charge separation in the semiconductor and the rapid consumption of holes for surface reaction.
Hollow Bimetallic Zinc Cobalt Phosphosulfides for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Liang Zuozhong , Yang Zhiyuan , Dang Jingshuang , Qi Jing , Yuan Haitao , Gao Jinpeng , Zhang Wei , Zheng Haoquan , Cao Rui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBimetallic sulfides with earth‐abundant transition‐metal elements are proposed to enhance the electrocatalytic activities. Further replacement of S atom by less electronegative P atom improves the electrocatalytic performance of OER and HER. Herein, hollow bimetallic zinc cobalt phosphosulfides (Zn0.3Co2.7S3P) are synthesized by a two‐step process. The optimal catalyst of Zn0.3Co2.7S3P with particle size of 50 nm displays an excellent electroactivity and long‐term durability toward efficient overall water splitting process in alkaline medium. The excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic performance may be ascribed to the synergistic effect of hollow structure, anion substitution tuning and unique size control.
Extraction Technology Convinces at ACHEMA
Authors: Steinhoff Jan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAls ein wichtiges Teilgebiet der Verfahrenstechnik war die Extraktionstechnik auf der diesjährigen ACHEMA wieder mit zahlreichen Neuerungen und Innovation vertreten. Neben bekannten Firmen präsentierten auch Universitäten und Hochschulen ihre neuen Konzepte zur Stofftrennung. Eine Auswahl der gezeigten Innovationen wird hier vorgestellt.