bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Cultural Mindsets to Reduce Cross‐National Auditor Judgment Differences
Authors: Saiewitz Aaron , Wang Elaine (Ying) 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIn a globalized audit environment, regulators and researchers have expressed concerns about inconsistent audit quality across nations, with a particular emphasis on Chinese audit quality. Prior research suggests Chinese audit quality may be lower than U.S. audit quality due to a weaker institutional environment (e.g., lower litigation and inspection risk) or cultural value differences (e.g., greater deference to authority). In this study, we propose that lower Chinese audit quality could also be due to Chinese auditors' different cognitive processing styles (i.e., cultural mindsets). We find U.S. auditors are more likely to engage in an analytic mindset approach, focusing on a subset of disconfirming information, whereas Chinese auditors are more likely to take a holistic mindset approach, focusing on a balanced set of confirming and disconfirming information. As a result, Chinese auditors make less skeptical judgments compared to U.S. auditors. We then propose an intervention in which we explicitly instruct auditors to consider using both a holistic and an analytic mindset approach when evaluating evidence. We find this intervention minimizes differences between Chinese and U.S. auditors' judgments by shifting Chinese auditors' attention more towards disconfirming evidence, improving their professional skepticism, while not causing U.S. auditors to become less skeptical. Our study contributes to the auditing literature by identifying cultural mindset differences as a causal mechanism underlying lower professional skepticism levels among Chinese auditors compared to U.S. auditors and providing standard setters and firms with a potential solution that can be adapted to improve Chinese auditors' professional skepticism and reduce cross‐national auditor judgment differences.
An observational study of pregnancy and post‐partum outcomes in women with prolactinoma treated with dopamine agonists
Authors: O'Sullivan Susannah M. , Farrant Maritza T. , Ogilvie Cara M. , Gunn Alistair J. , Milsom Stella R. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundIn women with prolactinoma medical treatment with dopamine agonists (DA) can restore fertility. A number of studies have established the safety of DA during pregnancy and the impact of pregnancy and lactation on remission of prolactinoma. However, the total number of reported cases remains modest and further evidence is needed.AimsTo evaluate the safety of DA during pregnancy and remission of prolactinoma after pregnancy and lactation.Materials and MethodsRetrospective cohort study (2002–2014) of 57 pregnancies in 47 women with prolactinoma who received DA. Neonatal and pregnancy complications were recorded. Prolactin levels and treatment data were collected at the time of diagnosis, pre‐conception, during pregnancy and lactation, and post‐partum (up to 114 months).ResultsDA treatment was stopped a median of 4.5 weeks after conception in 49 pregnancies (86%). There were 49 live births (86% of pregnancies) and six miscarriages. Six pregnancies had an adverse neonatal outcome including two with congenital malformations. Following 26% of pregnancies women achieved remission after birth or lactation, and 25% of women were in remission at last follow‐up. Remission was associated with older maternal age (P = 0.036), a lower prolactin level at diagnosis (P = 0.037), and a smaller adenoma at diagnosis (P = 0.045).ConclusionsSuccessful pregnancy and lactation is common after DA treatment for prolactinoma. Fetal exposure in the first four weeks of pregnancy appears to be generally safe. Encouragingly, post‐partum and after lactation a quarter of women had a normal prolactin level without medical treatment.
Secondary prevention measures in anaphylaxis patients: Data from the anaphylaxis registry
Authors: Kraft Magdalena , Knop Macarena Pia , Renaudin Jean‐Marie , Scherer Hofmeier Kathrin , Pföhler Claudia , Bilò Maria Beatrice , Lang Roland , Treudler Regina , Wagner Nicola , Spindler Thomas , Hourihane Jonathan O'B , Maris Ioana , Koehli Alice , Bauer Andrea , Lange Lars , Müller Sabine , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Wedi Bettina , Moeser Anne , Ensina Luis F. , Fernandez‐Rivas Montserrat , Cichocka‐Jarosz Ewa , Christoff George , Garcia Blanca E. , Poziomkowska‐Gęsicka Iwona , Cardona Victoria , Mustakov Tihomir B. , Rabe Uta , Mahler Vera , Grabenhenrich Linus , Dölle‐Bierke Sabine , Worm Margitta ,   The Network for Online Registration of Anaphylaxis (NORA)
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients with a history of anaphylaxis are at risk of future anaphylactic reactions. Thus, secondary prevention measures are recommended for these patients to prevent or attenuate the next reaction.MethodsData from the Anaphylaxis Registry were analyzed to identify secondary prevention measures offered to patients who experienced anaphylaxis. Our analysis included 7788 cases from 10 European countries and Brazil.ResultsThe secondary prevention measures offered varied across the elicitors. A remarkable discrepancy was observed between prevention measures offered in specialized allergy centers (84% of patients were prescribed adrenaline autoinjectors following EAACI guidelines) and outside the centers: Here, EAACI guideline adherence was only 37%. In the multivariate analysis, the elicitor of the reaction, age of the patient, mastocytosis as comorbidity, severity of the reaction, and reimbursement/availability of the autoinjector influence physician's decision to prescribe one.ConclusionsBased on the low implementation of guidelines concerning secondary prevention measures outside of specialized allergy centers, our findings highlight the importance of these specialized centers and the requirement of better education for primary healthcare and emergency physicians.
Impact of age, sex, ethnicity, socio‐economic deprivation and novel pharmaceuticals on the overall survival of patients with multiple myeloma in New Zealand
Authors: Chan Henry S. H. , Milne Richard J. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe impact of age, ethnicity and socio‐economic deprivation in the era of novel anti‐myeloma agents is unclear. Using linked national data from New Zealand, we evaluated the incidence, prevalence and overall survival (OS) of individuals who were diagnosed with myeloma between 2004 and 2016. The crude incidence rate increased from 5·42 to 8·47/100 000 and the age‐standardised rate increased from 4·01 to 5·28/100 000. The estimated prevalence in December 2016 was 37·8/100 000. Median OS increased from 34·8 (95% CI 31·4, 39·3) months in 2004–2007 to 50·7 (48·5, 57·3) months in 2012–2016. Following the public funding of bortezomib in 2011, the median OS for individuals >70 years increased from 19·4 (16·3, 23·1) to 28·6 (24·5, 32·8) months. For those ≤70 years of age who did not have autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), median OS increased from 49·1 (37·1, 57·5) to 62·7 (51·7, 79·2) months; but for those who had ASCT, there was no difference in median OS. Socio‐economic deprivation was an independent adverse prognostic factor. Māori/Pasifika and those in the most deprived quintile experienced no improvement in survival after bortezomib was funded. Our study confirms the increasing incidence and improving survival of myeloma patients, and the negative impact of Māori/Pasifika ethnicity and socio‐economic deprivation on survival.
Taking Selection Seriously in Correlational Studies of Child Development: A Call for Sensitivity Analyses
Authors: Dearing Eric , Zachrisson Henrik D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCorrelational studies have played a major role in building our cumulative knowledge on child development. Yet as a result, we often have difficulty making causal inferences. The concern is selection effects: When children have not been randomly assigned to conditions, pre‐existing biological, psychological, or social factors may bias correlations. In this article, we draw attention to sensitivity analyses, statistical techniques for estimating the robustness or fragility of results in light of potential selection effects. We highlight the coefficient of proportionality method recently developed by Oster (2019), which does not require assumptions about the number of omitted selection variables. The coefficient of proportionality provides an indication of how large the impact of unobserved selection factors would need to be—relative to observed covariates—to nullify a result. We offer two empirical examples to demonstrate the value of this method compared with other approaches used by child development researchers.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor Modulator AZD9977 in Healthy Men: A Phase I Multiple Ascending Dose Study
Authors: Whittaker Andrew , Kragh Åsa M. , Hartleib‐Geschwindner Judith , Albayaty Muna , Backlund Anna , Greasley Peter J. , Heijer Maria , Kjaer Magnus , Forte Pablo , Unwin Robert , Wernevik Linda , Ericsson Hans 
Published: October 2019

Excessive activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) underlies the pathophysiology of heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Hyperkalemia risk limits the therapeutic use of conventional MR antagonists. AZD9977 is a nonsteroidal, selective MR modulator that may protect nonepithelial tissues without disturbing electrolyte balance. This phase I study investigated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of multiple oral doses of AZD9977 in healthy volunteers. Twenty‐seven male participants aged 23–45 years were randomized 3:1 to receive oral AZD9977 or placebo for 8 days (with twice‐daily dosing on days 2–7), in dose cohorts of 50, 150, and 300 mg (AZD9977, n = 6 per cohort; placebo, n = 3 per cohort). Adverse events occurred in 4 of 18 participants receiving AZD9977 (22.2%) and 6 of 9 receiving placebo (66.7%), all of mild or moderate severity; none were serious or led to withdrawal. AZD9977 was rapidly absorbed, with median time of maximum concentration of 0.50–0.84 hours across dose groups. Area under the curve and maximum concentration were approximately dose proportional but elimination and accumulation terminal half‐life increased with dose. Steady‐state was reached after 3–4 days, with dose‐dependent accumulation of 1.2–1.7‐fold. Renal clearance was 5.9–6.5 L/hour and 24–37% of AZD9977 was excreted in the urine. Serum aldosterone levels increased dose dependently from days −1 to 7 in participants receiving AZD9977, but serum potassium levels and urinary electrolyte excretion were unchanged. AZD9977 was generally well‐tolerated with no safety concerns. Exploratory outcomes suggested reduced hyperkalemia risk compared with MR antagonists. These findings support further clinical development of AZD9977.
Uncertain times and early predictions of bank failure
Authors: Goenner Cullen F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Great Financial Crisis shows that bank failure in the United States, while rare, is a concern during uncertain times. Interest here is in the ability to predict future failures at the start of a crisis, when the recent past has few events on which to base inferences. I show that policy makers using estimates based on the Savings and Loans crisis would identify in early 2009 that 2.0% of banks were in critical condition and 7.0% were unhealthy. This is comparable to the 1.7% of banks that failed within a year and the 3.9% of banks that would fail during the crisis.
Chinese Immigrant Entrepreneurship in Italy’s Coffee Bars: Demographic Transformation and Historical Contingency
Authors: Deng Ting 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSince the Economic Recession in the late 2000s, many neighbourhood coffee bars in Northern and Central Italy have been taken over by Chinese immigrants. This article investigates why neighbourhood bars, which are thought to be at the heart of Italian urban culture, have become a new business niche for Chinese immigrants in spite of overwhelmingly anti‐immigrant discourse. By elucidating the political economy of Italy's coffee bar industry and restructuring of its Chinese ethnic economy, it shows how the formation of this new immigrant business niche is a form of historical contingency embedded in a set of structural transformation processes. The broader purpose of the article is to contribute to an understanding of the structural mechanisms of embedded immigrant entrepreneurship and immigrants’ economic incorporation, as well as to debates on the roles of immigrants in the new urban economy and related local cultures of a multi‐ethnic European nation‐state.
Opioids in the USA: Disparities in Addiction and Incarceration
Authors: Kazemi Arianna , Kennedy Connor , Silverman Gabri , Reich Nicholas G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Arianna Kazemi, Connor Kennedy and Gabri Silverman, undergraduate winners of the ASA Public Health Data Challenge, and their advisor Nicholas G. Reich, explore differences in the death, arrest and reoffending rates for opioid users in the USA
Asymmetric‐information allocation to avoid coordination failure
Authors: Moriya Fumitoshi , Yamashita Takuro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the context of team production, this paper studies the optimal (deterministic and stochastic) information allocation that implements desired effort levels as the unique Bayesian equilibrium. We show that under certain conditions, it is optimal to asymmetrically inform agents even though they may be ex ante symmetric. The main intuition is that informing the agents asymmetrically can be effective in avoiding “bad” equilibria, that is, equilibria with coordination failure.
Lamprey (Entosphenus sp. and Lampetra sp.) estuarine occupancy is regionally variable and constrained by temperature
Authors: Goertler Pascale A. L. , Shakya Anjali W. , Seesholtz Alicia M. , Schreier Brian M. , Matica S. Zoltan , Holley K. Sheena 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTemperature and sea level are predicted to rise with climate change, bringing an urgency to evaluating future viability of native fish. Lamprey are confronted with widespread habitat degradation, migratory barriers, and episodes of environmental change projected to be commonplace in the future. In California, range contraction likely shifted lamprey rearing downstream, but the extent and physiological constraints that restrict estuarine rearing are unclear. We used a single‐season occupancy model to describe juvenile lamprey estuarine distribution and found occupancy was regionally variable and constrained by temperature. Habitat and hydrology providing thermal refugia may be critical for future persistence.
Smartphone‐based exposure treatment for dental phobia: a pilot randomized clinical trial
Authors: Arias Matthew C. , McNeil Daniel W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesHigh levels of dental care‐related fear/anxiety, as well as phobia, result in delay or avoidance of dental care, which are associated with poorer oral and overall health. Both pharmacotherapeutic and psychosocial methods are available to treat those with high levels of dental fear/anxiety or phobia, but they are infrequently used and not easily accessed. Smartphones are a potential vehicle for delivering exposure therapy (e.g., a treatment involving systematic encounter with fear‐evoking stimuli), but there is a need to test the acceptability of this approach in regard to treatment of high levels of dental anxiety/fear and phobia.MethodsThere were 36 patients with high dental anxiety/fear/phobia randomly assigned to either a treatment or a waitlist condition. Participants completed a pre‐ and two‐week post‐multimodal assessment, including a dental behavioral avoidance task. The treatment condition included 2 weeks of self‐directed exposure delivered via a personal smartphone in the patients' natural environment.ResultsParticipants in the treatment condition utilized the smartphone exposure an average of 1.6 times daily (SD = 0.85), and found the self‐directed exposure highly acceptable. Moreover, they had lower self‐reported anxiety and decreased cardiac reactivity at the postassessment compared with the preassessment; no change in anxiety was found for the control condition from pre‐ to postassessment.ConclusionsHighly anxious, fearful, and dental phobic participants utilized smartphone‐delivered exposure therapy, and found it to be an acceptable treatment method. Results support the utility and promise for further testing of the personal smartphone in delivering self‐directed exposure therapy for high dental fear/anxiety and phobia.
Does the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale predict change in delusional beliefs?
Authors: Penzenstadler Louise , Chatton Anne , Lecomte Tania , Huguelet Philippe , Lecardeur Laurent , Azoulay Silke , Bartolomei Javier , Brazo Perrine , Murys Elodie , Poupart Florent , Rouvière Serge , Parabiaghi Alberto , Saoud Mohamed , Favrod Jérôme , Khazaal Yasser 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesThe Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) is composed of two subscales, self‐reflectiveness and self‐certainty, assessing reflectiveness and openness to feedback, and mental flexibility. Delusions have previously been associated with low cognitive insight. The aim of this study was to determine whether changes in BCIS scores predict changes in delusional beliefs.MethodsThe study is a secondary analysis of a previously published randomized controlled trial. All participants had a psychotic disorder diagnosis and received treatment as usual, with half of them also receiving the cognitive restructuring intervention ‘Michael's game’. Participants were assessed at three different times: at baseline (T1), at 3 months (T2), and at 9 months (T3). Cognitive insight was measured with the BCIS, belief flexibility with the Maudsley assessment of delusions schedule (MADS), and psychotic symptoms with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).ResultsA total of 172 participants took part in the trial. After using generalized estimating equation (GEE) modelling, we observed (1) significant main effects of BCIS self‐certainty and Time and (2) significant Time × BCIS self‐certainty and Time × treatment group interaction effects on belief flexibility. Improvements in self‐certainty (i.e., decrease in scores) were associated with more changes in conviction over time, more accommodation, improved ability in ignoring or rejecting a hypothetical contradiction and increased use of verification of facts. Medication and BPRS total scores were controlled for in the GEE analyses at their baseline values.ConclusionsOverall improvement in BCIS self‐certainty scores over time predicted better treatment outcomes as assessed with MADS items.Practitioner points

Treatments for patients with psychosis should focus on improving cognitive insight as this seems to improve overall treatment outcomes and recovery.

The Beck Cognitive Insight Scale can be used to measure changes during treatment and can predict treatment outcomes.
The effect of fiscal system reform on fiscal policy outcomes
Authors: Lee Sangmok , Esfahani Hadi Salehi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe investigate how reform in governmental accounting affects fiscal policy outcomes including debt, balance, and fiscal transparency. Since a change from cash to accrual accounting can be regarded as a natural experiment among governments, a fixed‐effects model is exploited. We discover that the change diminishes debt in developed countries, but expands it in less‐developed ones, with strong effects in highly indebted countries. The change improves balance in developed countries and worsens it in less‐developed countries, which is significant for developed countries with large deficits. Transparency is improved only in less transparent developed countries.
Fifth graders’ understanding of fractions on the number line
Authors: Witherspoon Taajah Felder 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe goal of this research was to examine fifth graders’ understanding of fractions on the number line. This case‐study design focused on the various ways that students represented fractions on number lines. Students responded to task‐based interview questions by identifying fractions as a number on the number line as well as equivalency and problem solving. The tasks were administered individually to 26 fifth‐grade students over a 15‐minute time frame in their respective schools. The two groups of 10‐year‐old students answered most questions in written form with pencil and paper and were often asked to explain how they arrived at an answer. Student performance was highest when instructed to plot ½ on a number line of 0 to 1 as well as naming a fraction less than ½. The students performed lowest when they attempted to plot ½, ¼, and 1 on a number line with a predetermined unit 0 to 1/3. Other low performing concepts consisted of plotting ¼ on a number line from 0‐3, identifying ¼ on a non‐routine number line, and plotting a unit fraction with an equivalent fraction as well as an improper fraction on a common number line.
Mathematical modeling opportunities reported by secondary mathematics preservice teachers and instructors
Authors: Jung Hyunyi , Stehr Eryn M. , He Jia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEngaging with mathematical modeling can support learners to collaboratively explore mathematics in integrated ways as well as generate mathematical ideas and representations that may be useful in everyday life. Although several studies provide diverse insights into teaching and learning mathematical modeling, research has yet to be conducted on the mathematical modeling learning opportunities available to secondary mathematics preservice teachers (PTs) in mathematics and education courses in teacher education programs. This study investigates the mathematical modeling learning opportunities reported by 48 instructors and ten focus groups of 37 PTs. Multiple data sources (e.g., interview transcripts, syllabi, tasks, and exams) collected from universities were used to achieve triangulation in this case study of secondary preparation programs. When asked about mathematical modeling, both PTs and instructors reported rich examples of mathematical modeling from the opportunities afforded by their respective programs. Both also reported modeling experiences that were not mathematical modeling, such as word problems, representations, or demonstrations. Along with the study's particular themes and examples, common mathematical modeling opportunities recalled by PTs and instructors are elaborated in our findings. This study intends to begin a discussion of possible pathways for providing rich opportunities for PTs to engage in mathematical modeling.