bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intratumoral Immunotherapy with XCL1 and sFlt3L Encoded in Recombinant Semliki Forest Virus–Derived Vectors Fosters Dendritic Cell–Mediated T-cell Cross-Priming
Authors: Sánchez-Paulete Alfonso R. , Teijeira Álvaro , Quetglas José I. , Rodríguez-Ruiz María E. , Sánchez-Arráez Álvaro , Labiano Sara , Etxeberria Iñaki , Azpilikueta Arantza , Bolaños Elixabet , Ballesteros-Briones María Cristina , Casares Noelia , Quezada Sergio A. , Berraondo Pedro , Sancho David , Smerdou Cristian , Melero Ignacio 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Multiple lines of evidence indicate a critical role of antigen cross-presentation by conventional BATF3-dependent type 1 classical dendritic cells (cDC1) in CD8-mediated antitumor immunity. Flt3L and XCL1, respectively, constitute a key growth/differentiation factor and a potent and specific chemoattractant for cDC1. To exploit their antitumor functions in local immunotherapy, we prepared Semliki Forest Virus (SFV)–based vectors encoding XCL1 and soluble Flt3L (sFlt3L). These vectors readily conferred transgene expression to the tumor cells in culture and when engrafted as subcutaneous mouse tumor models. In syngeneic mice, intratumoral injection of SFV-XCL1-sFlt3L (SFV-XF) delayed progression of MC38- and B16-derived tumors. Therapeutic activity was observed and exerted additive effects in combination with anti–PD-1, anti-CD137, or CTLA-4 immunostimulatory mAbs. Therapeutic effects were abolished by CD8β T-cell depletion and were enhanced by CD4 T-cell depletion, but not by T regulatory cell predepletion with anti-CD25 mAb. Antitumor effects were also abolished in BATF3- and IFNAR-deficient mice. In B16-OVA tumors, SFV-XF increased the number of infiltrating CD8 T cells, including those recognizing OVA. Consistently, following the intratumoral SFV-XF treatment courses, we observed increased BATF3-dependent cDC1 among B16-OVA tumor-infiltrating leukocytes. Such an intratumoral increase was not seen in MC38-derived tumors, but both resident and migratory cDC1 were boosted in SFV-XF–treated MC38 tumor-draining lymph nodes. In conclusion, viral gene transfer of sFlt3L and XCL1 is feasible, safe, and biologically active in mice, exerting antitumor effects that can be potentiated by CD4 T-cell depletion.

Significance:
These findings demonstrate that transgenic expression of sFLT3L and XCL1 in tumor cells mediates cross-priming of, and elicits potent antitumor activity from, CD8 T lymphocytes, particularly in combination with CD4 T-cell depletion.
Oleanolic Acid Inhibits Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Promoting iNOS Dimerization
Authors: Wang Hongzhi , Zhong Weilong , Zhao Jianmin , Zhang Heng , Zhang Qiang , Liang Yuan , Chen Shuang , Liu Huijuan , Zong Shumin , Tian Yixuan , Zhou Honggang , Sun Tao , Liu Yanrong , Yang Cheng 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Oleanolic acid exhibits extensive pharmacologic activities and takes significant antitumor effects. Its pharmacologic mechanism, however, still remained to be further clarified. In this study, we demonstrated that oleanolic acid attenuated the migration and invasion abilities, resulting in the suppression of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in liver cancer cells, and inhibited the tumor growth of the peritoneal lymphocytes–bearing mice. We further proved that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) may be the potential target of oleanolic acid. We confirmed that oleanolic acid could promote the dimerization of iNOS, activating it, and subsequently increasing the production of nitric oxide. Further experiments indicated that oleanolic acid promoted the nitration of specific proteins and consequently suppressed their EMT-related biological functions. Furthermore, it has been confirmed that oleanolic acid enhanced the antitumor effects of regorafenib in liver cancer treatment. These results deepened our understanding of the pharmacologic mechanism of the antitumor effect oleanolic acid, and the importance of nitric oxide synthetase as a therapeutic target for liver cancer treatment.
DNA Damage, Liver Injury, and Tumorigenesis: Consequences of DDX3X Loss
Authors: Chan Chieh-Hsiang , Chen Chun-Ming , Lee Yan-Hwa Wu , You Li-Ru 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe pleiotropic roles of DEAD-box helicase 3, X-linked (DDX3X), including its functions in transcriptional and translational regulation, chromosome segregation, DNA damage, and cell growth control, have highlighted the association between DDX3X and tumorigenesis. However, mRNA transcripts and protein levels of DDX3X in patient specimens have shown the controversial correlations of DDX3X with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prevalence. In this study, generation of hepatocyte-specific Ddx3x-knockout mice revealed that loss of Ddx3x facilitates liver tumorigenesis. Loss of Ddx3x led to profound ductular reactions, cell apoptosis, and compensatory proliferation in female mutants at 6 weeks of age. The sustained phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γH2AX) and significant accumulation of DNA single-strand breaks and double-strand breaks in liver indicated that the replicative stress occurred in female mutants. Further chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that DDX3X bound to promoter regions and regulated the expression of DNA repair factors, DDB2 and XPA, to maintain genome stability. Loss of Ddx3x led to decreased levels of DNA repair factors, which contributed to an accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage, replication stress, and eventually, spontaneous liver tumors and DEN-induced HCCs in Alb-Cre/+;Ddx3xflox/flox mice.Implications:These data identify an important role of DDX3X in the regulation of DNA damage repair to protect against replication stress in liver and HCC development and progression.
Contestar la hostilidad antiinmigrante en Costa Rica
Authors: Sandoval García Carlos 
Published: October 2018

Este capítulo se reflexiona en torno a tres áreas del debate migratorio en Costa Rica. Una remite a las posibilidades de incidir en la política pública. Una segunda se interroga cómo contestar los imaginarios de la inmigración, que suelen caracterizarse por la exageración del número de inmigrantes y por imputarles a éstos el debilitamiento de los servicios públicos y el aumento de la inseguridad. Una tercera área de intervención se refiere al trabajo con comunidades migrantes y los modos en que ellas se posicionan frente a los discursos criminalizantes que los interpelan. A modo de conclusión, este capítulo sugiere cuatro retos principales. Uno remite a la dimensión ética, referida a la responsabilidad de la escucha; un segundo reto se refiere a la constitución de equipos de trabajo; un tercer reto se refiere a las posibilidades de incidir en la formulación de políticas públicas. Por último, este capítulo discute cómo las comunidades migrantes podrían constituirse en sujetos políticos, capaces de forjar sus propias redes, agendas y demandas.
A Modified Vertical Mixing Parameterization for Its Improved Ocean and Coupled Simulations in the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Zhu Yuchao , Zhang Rong-Hua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractClimate models suffer from significant biases over the tropical Pacific Ocean, including a too-cold cold tongue and too-warm temperature at the depth of the thermocline. The emergence of model biases can be partly attributed to vertical mixing parameterizations, in which there are great uncertainties in selections of functional forms and empirical parameters. In this paper, the impacts of two different vertical mixing schemes on the tropical Pacific temperature simulations are investigated using version 5 of the Modular Ocean Model (MOM5). One vertical mixing scheme is the widely used K-profile parameterization (KPP) scheme, and the other is a hybrid mixing scheme (the Chen scheme) by combining a Kraus–Turner-type bulk mixed layer (ML) model with Peters et al.’s shear instability mixing model (PGT model). It is shown that the Chen scheme works better than the KPP scheme for SST simulation but produces an exaggerated subsurface warm bias simultaneously. The better SST simulation can be attributed to the employment of the PGT model, which produces lower levels of shear instability mixing than its counterpart in the KPP scheme. Furthermore, a modified KPP scheme is presented in which its shear instability mixing model and constant background diffusivity are replaced by the PGT model and the Argo-derived background diffusivity, respectively. This new scheme is then employed into MOM5-based ocean-only and coupled simulations, demonstrating substantial improvements in temperature simulations over the tropical Pacific. The modified KPP scheme can be easily employed into other ocean models, offering an effective way to improve ocean simulations.
The Effect of Real Exchange Rate on Trade Balance in a Resource-Rich Economy: The Case of Mongolia
Authors: Doojav Gan-Ochir 
Published: October 2018

For resource-rich developing economies, the effect of real exchange rate depreciation on trade balance may differ from the standard findings depending on country specific characteristics. This article employs vector error correction model to examine the effect of real exchange rate on trade balance in Mongolia, a resource-rich developing country. Empirical results show that exchange rate depreciation improves trade balance in both short and long run. In particular, the well-known Marshall–Lerner condition holds in the long run; however, there is no evidence of the classic J-curve effects in the short run. The results suggest that the exchange rate flexibility may help to deal effectively with current account deficits and exchange rate risk. JEL Classification: C32, C51, F14, F32
Science and Terminology in-between Empires: Ukrainian Science in a Search for its Language in the nineteenth century
Authors: Surman Jan 
Published: October 2018

Ukrainian science and its terminology in the nineteenth century experienced a number of twists and turns. Divided between two empires, it lacked institutions, scholars pursuing it, and a unified literary language. One could even say that until the late nineteenth century there was a possibility for two communities with two literary languages to emerge – Ruthenian (Habsburg Empire) and Ukrainian (Russian Empire). Eventually, both communities and languages merged. This article tracks the meanderings of this process, arguing that scholarly publications played a crucial role in shaping the standard for the scientific language. The article follows the biography of the naturalist Ivan Verhrats’kyi (1846–1919), the author of the first dictionaries of naturalist terminology in Ruthenian in 1860, a translator and author of textbooks, and the head of the Mathematical–Naturalist–Medical Section of the Shevchenko Society in L’viv. He thus shaped many Ruthenian, and then Ruthenian–Ukrainian scholarly projects. Initially successful with his approach to making the Ruthenian scientific language vernacular, in the 1890s his approach was losing ground to the internationalization of vocabulary and to the growing pressure toward the unification of Ruthenian and Ukrainian. Finally, in the beginning of the twentieth century, Verhrats’kyi became marginalized within the Ukrainian scholarly community. By discussing the history of a minority language within imperial structures, I argue that the media in which scholarly work was published requires special attention. In the Ruthenin–Ukrainian case, they determined the standard for scientific language. Lacking professional journals, Ruthenian scholars published in the 1860s–late 1880s in popular newspapers and in school textbooks, requiring them to use a language that was near to the spoken tongue of the Habsburg province. Once the political situation changed, favoring Ruthenian–Ukrainian unification, and scholarly journals appeared and transgressed the imperial boundary, the favored language had to be transimperial, ousting out the vernacular.
Psychosocial and Behavioral Correlates of A1C and Quality of Life Among Young Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Vigen Cheryl L. P. , Carandang Kristine , Blanchard Jeanine , Sequeira Paola A. , Wood Jamie R. , Spruijt-Metz Donna , Whittemore Robin , Peters Anne L. , Pyatak Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate relationships between behavioral and psychosocial constructs, A1C, and diabetes-dependent quality of life (DQoL) among low-socioeconomic status, ethnically diverse young adults with diabetes. Methods Using baseline data of 81 participants in the Resilient, Empowered, Active Living (REAL) randomized controlled trial, behavioral, cognitive, affective, and experiential variables were correlated with A1C and DQoL while adjusting for demographic characteristics, and these relationships were examined for potential effect modification. Results The data indicate that depressive symptoms and satisfaction with daily activities are associated with both A1C and DQoL, while diabetes knowledge and participation in daily activities are associated with neither A1C nor DQoL. Two constructs, diabetes distress and life satisfaction, were associated with DQoL and were unrelated to A1C, while 2 constructs, self-monitoring of blood glucose and medication adherence, were associated with A1C but unrelated to DQoL. These relationships were largely unchanged by adjusting for demographic characteristics, while numerous effect modifications were found. Conclusion The data suggest that when tailoring interventions, depressive symptoms and satisfaction with daily activities may be particularly fruitful intervention targets, as they represent modifiable risk factors that are associated with both A1C and DQoL.
Analgesic effect of preoperative dezocine-based local anesthesia in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Liu Xingwen , Hu Jing , Gao Liqun , Ji Xuewen , Zhai Duxiu , Song Huixia , Wu Xueying , Wang Liying 
Published: October 2018

Objective This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effects of intramuscular injection of dezocine-based local anesthesia in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair. Methods A total of 120 patients underwent local herniorrhaphy from July 2015 to December 2016 and were randomly divided into 2 groups: the dezocine group, in which a preoperative intramuscular injection of dezocine was administered, and the control group, in which no dezocine injection was administered. The patients’ pain and comfort levels were evaluated at 30 minutes, 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours postoperatively. Results The visual analog scale scores at 30 minutes, 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours were significantly lower in the dezocine than control group. In the Bruggemann comfort scale evaluation, patients who received dezocine injections showed significantly greater comfort than those in the control group at 30 minutes, 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours. No adverse reactions occurred in the dezocine group. Conclusions Dezocine-based local anesthesia can attenuate postoperative pain and increase the comfort level during and after herniorrhaphy.
Stability of plasma proteins and factors in Chinese universal pooled plasma
Authors: Zhu Liguo , Sun Liping , Fan Fengyan , Zhang Dongqing , Li Changqing , Wang Deqing 
Published: October 2018

Objective This study aimed to determine the precision dose of Chinese universal pooled plasma (CUPP) developed by our laboratory, and the stability of plasma proteins and factors. Methods A total of 100 single fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) units were selected to test plasma proteins, including total protein, albumin, fibrinogen, factor V, factor VIII, antithrombin-III, and protein C. Different pooling protocols with 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 units were used to optimize the number of pooled units. The pooled plasma was then used to further evaluate the optimal storage conditions and duration at 22°C, 4°C, and −20°C. Results There were considerable differences in plasma protein levels among single units of FFP. After different pooling protocols, the mean value of plasma proteins did not significantly change. However, with a larger number of pooled samples, plasma proteins were more stable with a smaller standard deviation. Acceptable storage for CUPP was achieved with storage for 1 day at 22°C, 4 days at 4°C, and 3 months at −20°C. Conclusion A uniform level of plasma proteins and factors in CUPP appears to support establishment of a precise dose of plasma.
Employment Trends in India
Authors: Apte Pradeep , Deshpande Medha , Gaikwad Vishal 
Published: October 2018

This article explores the trends in labour force, employment and unemployment from 2000 to 2012 using NSSO data in major Indian states. Most of the states experienced acceleration in employment growth when economic growth was slow during the first quinquennium of the twenty-first century. These trends have reversed during the second quinquennium. The deceleration in growth of employment was driven mainly by decline in female employment in rural areas in almost all the states, and the withdrawal from labour market could not be fully explained in terms of its correlates. This article highlights the need to improve the data on employment and increase its frequency, and also suggests the measures. JEL: J21
How secure are the secure psychiatric units in New South Wales?
Authors: Adams Jonathon , Thomas Stuart , Mackinnon Tobias , Eggleton Damien 
Published: October 2018

Objectives: To evaluate the therapeutic security characteristics of the secure forensic mental health inpatient units in New South Wales, Australia. Methods: This study evaluated all eight secure inpatient units in New South Wales using a validated tool, the Security Needs Assessment Profile. Results: A pattern of decreasing therapeutic security across the secure units was found, consistent with their intended security levels, from high security through to open security. However, important inconsistencies across and between levels of security were highlighted. Conclusions: This study clarifies the therapeutic security structure of the New South Wales forensic mental health service, which is an essential first step in service development and reform.
No gold medals: Assessing Australia’s international mental health performance
Authors: Rosenberg Sebastian , Hickie Ian 
Published: October 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to present an assessment of Australia’s mental health system performance, within its social context, by comparison with other countries. Method: A review of existing literature and databases from both Australia and overseas was undertaken. Systems permitting international comparison of mental health and its social context are few. The review is limited in scope. Results: Although Australia was one of the first nations to develop and adopt a national mental health policy (in 1992), the data that are available suggest that we are not World leaders across the identified domains. Conclusions: While international benchmarking can play an important role in fostering quality improvement, there are only limited mental health or social system performance data sources to utilise. It would be desirable for a more systematic international process to be established to review existing approaches and design a new multilateral strategy. It would be important that this new strategy reflected the full experience of mental health and its broader social context.
Psychiatry trainee welfare – from words to action
Authors: Kim Hannah , Suetani Shuichi , Forbes Malcolm , Nguyen David 
Published: October 2018

Objective: To review selected literature available on trainee welfare and reflect on our own experiences to provide practical advice to our colleagues and suggest strategies to enhance trainee welfare. Conclusions: Promoting the welfare of psychiatry trainees requires a three-pronged approach. We must care for ourselves through individual strategies; we must advocate for optimization of the systems we work in to minimize modifiable factors associated with burnout; and we must continue on the perennial challenge of culture change to reduce stigma around stress and mental illness and promote a healthier workplace.
Impact of Video Aid on Quality of Bowel Preparation Among Patients Undergoing Outpatient Screening Colonoscopy
Authors: Fatima Sanna , Jain Deepanshu , Hibbard Christopher 
Published: October 2018

Aim: To investigate the effect of video aid on quality of bowel preparation. Study: A retrospective study was done on patients undergoing outpatient screening colonoscopy. All subjects received educational video prior to colonoscopy in addition to the standard counseling. Patient charts were reviewed to collect data regarding quality of bowel preparation (adequate or inadequate). The study population was stratified into four groups according to viewing status: Group I 0% (control group), Group II <50%, Group III >50% to <75%, and Group IV watched ⩾75% of the video. Results: A total of 338 patients with an average age of 59.1 years and 60.3% females were included in the final study cohort. Of the patients in Groups I, II, III, and IV, 94.3%, 90.9%, 100%, and 91.7%, respectively, had adequate preparation ( P value = .827). Adenoma detection rate (ADR) for Groups I, II, III, and IV was 28.8%, 50%, 50%, and 22.6%, respectively ( P value = .305). The mean cecal intubation time was 20.7, 16.4, 16.57, and 17 minutes for Groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively ( P value = .041). Conclusions: Video aid use for patients undergoing screening colonoscopy lacked a statistically significant impact on the quality of bowel preparation, ADR, and advanced adenoma detection rate when compared with standard practice.
Using Consumer Data to Inform Marketing Strategies for Chlorhexidine for Umbilical Cord Care Programming in Kenya and Nigeria
Authors: Metzler Mutsumi , Coffey Patricia S. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: To date, distribution and communication channels being used at the country level for the introduction of 7.1% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) for umbilical cord care have been selected based on experience and knowledge gained through other public health programs rather than using results from targeted consumer research related to the 4Ps of social marketing (product, place, price, and promotion). Objective: To identify effective place and pricing strategies for the introduction of CHX in Nigeria and Kenya. Study Design: Observational cross-sectional study of potential consumers in two countries. Method: Data were collected from women who (i) were currently pregnant and had birthed a child previously or (ii) had delivered an infant within the past 3 months through face-to-face household interviews using structured questionnaires in four states in Nigeria ( n = 319) and four regions in Kenya ( n = 604). Results: The use of cord care substances, timing of use, product channels and prices that women pay for them, and preferences related to CHX are highlighted. Conclusions: Country-specific and audience data related to the 4Ps should be used to develop context-specific strategies that address the preferences of women. For example, in Nigeria, using retailers to distribute CHX would be a reasonable strategy, whereas in Kenya, use of retailers would be better as an augmentative strategy. Differentiating CHX from existing cord care substances, especially methylated spirits, is important for both countries. In Kenya, the strategy should articulate the benefits of CHX compared to dry cord care in areas of suboptimal hygienic conditions. In both countries, pricing CHX slightly lower than methylated spirits may be the optimal pricing strategy, given that the perceived value/benefits of the two products are similar.