bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurations of Polygamy in Mariama BÃ¢â€™s So Long a Letter and Paulina Chizianeâ€™s Niketche: Uma HistÃ³ria de Poligamia
Authors: Gonzo Tsitsi Roselene , Chikwangura Yemurai 
Published: May 2018

Â It is a given that men have long enjoyed cultural and symbolic superiority in traditional patriarchal African societies. The hierarchy of social importance among women seems to cascade down from married to single women. Polygamous marriages, though widely accepted in many African societies, remain contentious and draw divergent sentiments from women and men alike. Drawing on African feminist perspectives such as those broached by Sylvia Tamale, this paper argues that polygamy is presented in the literary works of Mariama BÃ¢ and Paulina Chiziane in two polarized viewpoints. Polygamy is at once considered a utopia and a dystopia. The utopian dignity of marriage is framed against the tarrying dystopian flip-side of polygamy in which women are objectified and used more for the sexual pleasure of men. This confirms the assertion that the perception of polygamy must be reconsidered and reconfigured, in particular the manner in which it replicates patriarchy where women are dominated by the rule of phallus.
Risk for Lower Extremity Injury After Concussion: A Matched Cohort Study in Soldiers
Authors: Kardouni Joseph R. , Shing Tracie L. , McKinnon Craig J. , Scofield Dennis E. , Proctor Susan P. 
Published: May 2018

Background Rates of lower extremity musculoskeletal injury are reportedly higher in professional and collegiate athletes following concussions. However, there is a paucity of evidence on this relationship in individuals who are not high-level athletes. Objectives To examine the risk of acute lower extremity musculoskeletal injury in soldiers within 2 years of an incident concussion, compared to matched nonconcussed soldiers. Methods This was a matched-cohort study that used the medical encounter and personnel data of active-duty US Army soldiers from 2005 to 2011. Incident concussions were identified using International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision codes in medical encounter data of all soldiers from 2005 to 2009. One nonconcussed soldier in the US Army during the same month was matched by age, sex, rank, length of service, deployment status, and military career field to each concussed soldier. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for the risk of lower extremity injury within 2 years of the incident concussion. Monthly HRs were compared to identify differences in injury rates between the groups, and an HR for the period of greatest difference was also calculated. Results A total of 23 044 individuals (11 522 concussed and 11 522 nonconcussed) were included in the study. Within 2 years of concussion, the hazard of lower extremity injury was 38% greater in concussed compared to nonconcussed soldiers (HR, 1.38; 95% CI: 1.30, 1.46), while the 15-month hazard was 45% greater (HR, 1.45; 95% CI: 1.36, 1.56). Conclusion The rate of lower extremity musculoskeletal injury among this population of physically active adults is higher following concussion, and the risk remains elevated for more than a year following injury. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(7):533–540. Epub 8 May 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.8053
Does a Diagnostic Classification Algorithm Help to Predict the Course of Low Back Pain? A Study of Danish Chiropractic Patients With 1-Year Follow-up
Authors: Hartvigsen Lisbeth , Kongsted Alice , Vach Werner , Salmi Louis-Rachid , Hestbaek Lise 
Published: May 2018

Background A diagnostic classification algorithm, “the Petersen classification,” consisting of 12 categories based on a standardized examination protocol, was developed for the primary purpose of identifying clinically homogeneous subgroups of individuals with low back pain (LBP). Objectives To investigate whether a diagnostic classification algorithm is associated with activity limitation and LBP intensity at follow-up assessments of 2 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year, and whether the algorithm improves outcome prediction when added to a set of known predictors. Methods This was a prospective observational study of 934 consecutive adult patients with new episodes of LBP who were visiting chiropractic practices in primary care and categorized according to the Petersen classification. Outcomes were disability and pain intensity measured with questionnaires at 2 weeks and 3 months, and 1-year trajectories of LBP based on weekly responses to text messages. Associations were analyzed with linear and logistic regression models. In a subgroup of patients, the numbers of visits to primary and secondary care were described. Results The Petersen classification was statistically significantly associated with all outcomes (P<.001) but explained very little of the variance (R2 = 0.00–0.05). Patients in the nerve root involvement category had the most pain and activity limitation and the most visits to primary and secondary care. Patients in the myofascial pain category were the least affected. Conclusion The Petersen classification was not helpful in determining individual prognosis in patients with LBP receiving usual care in chiropractic practice. However, patients should be examined for potential nerve root involvement to improve prediction of likely outcomes. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(11):837–846. Epub 8 May 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.8083
Tratamento minimamente invasivo da coledocolitíase e suas complicações: relato de caso
Authors: Rodrigues Marina Miury Sato , Basile Maíra Leite , Yamaoka Pedro Henrique Tsuyoshi , Assef José Cesar , De Campos Tércio 
Published: May 2018

A Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica (CPRE) é uma técnica de estudo das vias pancreatobiliares. Relatamos uma perfuração duodenal associada à hemorragia pós CPRE. Apesar de infrequentes, tais complicações possuem altas taxas de mortalidade, dependem sobretudo da experiência do endoscopista e seu tratamento de escolha é não cirúrgico.Descritores: Pancreatocolangiografia Retrógrada Endoscópica, Duodeno/lesões, Coledocolitíase/complicações, Perfuração intestinal, Hemorragia
MODEL ARSITEKTUR ENTERPRISE INSTITUSI PENGUJIAN DAN KALIBRASI ALAT KESEHATAN
Authors: Santoso Jatmoko B. , Affandi Achmad 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRAKArsitektur Enterprise dapat digunakan sebagai alat perencanaan pengembangan Teknologi Informasi (TI) yang selaras dengan strategi bisnis organisasi. Model yang dikembangkan dalam makalah ini menggunakan TOGAF ADM dan ArchiMate. TOGAF adalah sebuah standar yang menjelaskan proses penyusunan arsitektur enterprise secara detail. ArchiMate adalah standar bahasa pemodelan Arsitektur Enterprise. Model arsitektur yang dikembangkan dapat menjadi kerangka dasar bagi Laboratorium Pengujian dan kalibrasi dalam pengembangan arsitektur enterprise yang mendukung pemenuhan standar SNI ISO/IEC 17025. Kata Kunci: ArchiMate, Enterprise Architecture, TOGAF. ABSTRACTEnterprise architecture can be used as a planning tool the development of IT that aligned with business strategy organization. The model developed in this paper using TOGAF ADM and ArchiMate. TOGAF is a standard that describes the process of preparing the enterprise architecture in detail. ArchiMate is an Enterprise Architecture modeling language standards. The Enterprise architectural model developed can be the reference model for testing and calibration laboratory of medical device that supports fulfill standard SNI ISO/IEC 17025. Keywords: ArchiMate, Enterprise Architecture, TOGAF.
SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS UNTUK PENDATAAN SEBARAN SATWA LANGKA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Efendi Fery S. , Izzah Abidatul , Sudarmaji Sudarmaji 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRAK Indonesia adalah negara yang memiliki banyak variasi satwa yang tersebar di seluruh kepulauan dan memiliki keanekaragaman yang berbeda-beda. Namun, pada kenyataannya, kekayaan ini tidak diimbangi dengan kepedulian dan keingintahuan masyarakat mengenai keberadaan dan kelestariannya. Hal ini dapat disebabkan karena media yang menampung informasi satwa ini sangatlah sedikit. Jika hal ini dibiarkan berlarut-larut, maka lama kelamaan keberadaan satwa tersebut akan menjadi punah. Dengan demikian diperlukan sebuah media yang mampu merekam data sebaran satwa yang di lindungi di Indonesia. Data satwa ini dapat berupa nama ilmiah dan lokasi satwa tersebut dipelihara. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini mengimplementasikan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) berbasis Google API sebagai media yang mampu mendata sebaran satwa yang dilindungi oleh pemerintah Indonesia. Adanya SIG yang dapat merepresentasikan sebaran data satwa dalam bentuk peta dapat memudahkan pengaksesan informasi dan menampilkan lokasi mengenai sebaran satwa langka di Indonesia. SIG yang dibangun dalam penelitian ini memiliki tiga user yaitu administrator, lembaga konservasi yang berperan sebagai kontributor, dan masyarakat sebagai pengunjung web. Fitur yang dimiliki oleh SIG ini antara lain adalah fitur pencarian informasi satwa, pencarian lokasi satwa langka, dan penanda lokasi pada map.Kata kunci: Google API, Satwa Langka, Sistem Informasi Geografis. ABSTRACT Indonesia is a country that has a lot of variety of animals. In fact, they are scattered throughout the islands and has a big diversity in them. However, the wildlife animals were not a concern of the public at all. It can be caused by media that holds the information of this animal is not well. If this is allowed to drag on, then over time the number of these animals will become extinct. Because of this, it is needed to build a media that capable to recording data or information about the distribution of wildlife in Indonesia. This information can be their scientific name and where they lived. Therefore, this study implements a Geographic Information System (GIS) based Google API as a media that is able to record the distribution of species protected by the Indonesian government. GIS can presents the distribution of animals in maps. The SIG can be used by three users, that is administrator, conservation organizations as a contributor, and society as a web visitor. The features that we can use are searching wildlife information, searching location of endangered species, and marking location on the maps.Keywords: Geographic Information Systems, Google APIs, Rare Animals.
Effectiveness of acupuncture for headache in post-stroke patients
Authors: Kovalenko Olga , Chizhukova Maryna 
Published: May 2018

Introduction
Vascular and cerebrovascular diseases remain an actual problem of modern society. More than 70% of post-stroke patients suffered from different pains. Although a headache is the common complaint of post-stroke patients it is not described good in specialized literature and its pathophysiology has not yet been sufficiently studied. In order to relieve headaches, the patients usually use a lot of medicaments often without an agreement with a doctor. Since unnecessary polypharmacy is ineffective and leads to a wide range of adverse effects, the search for pathogenically valid and effective alternative approaches deserves the great attention. Acupuncture is one of such approaches.

Methods
We analyzed 2 groups of patients who had the stroke in anamnesis and suffered from a headache: the main (acupuncture) group (n = 30) that underwent acupuncture and traditional medications and the control group that received medication alone (n = 30). The average age of patients in the main group was 70 (SD 8.06) years. Among them 13 women and 17 men. The average age of participants in the control group was 70.3 (SD 9.00) years and it included 8 and 22 individuals of male and female gender. In both groups, the ischemic stroke type predominated. Most patients in both groups were in residual stroke period. Along with the corporal acupuncture we used a combined method which included an effect on several microsystems. Evaluation of a headache was based on 4 criteria: intensity, duration, characteristics, and localization.

Results
The data analysis showed that the complex treatment of a headache including combined acupuncture method statistically significantly (p<0.05) affects three indicators of a headache - intensity, duration, and characteristics. The pain localization had a tendency to positive changes (p<0.1). Control group showed good results (p<0.05) only on two headache indicators - intensity and duration, whereas the effect of treatment on pain characteristics and localization was not significant. The comparative analysis of the treatment results of the two groups demonstrated the statistically significant positive effect (p<0,05) in favor to acupuncture on the four headache criteria: intensity, duration, characteristics, and localization.

Conclusion
Acupuncture in the complex treatment of post-stroke patients significantly reduces a headache in comparison to standard treatment alone. It can allow improving the effectiveness of rehabilitation and quality of life.
Методологічні аспекти оцінки еколого-економічної безпеки підприємств лісогосподарської сфери
Authors: Cherchyk Artur 
Published: May 2018

У статті обґрунтовано методологічні аспекти оцінки еколого-економічної безпеки лісогосподарського підприємства: узагальнено напрацювання щодо оцінки еколого-економічної безпеки підприємства; визначено принципи, критерії, підходи та схарактеризовано основні методи оцінки еколого-економічної безпеки підприємства.
Validez y confiabilidad de la escala de actitudes hacia el reciclaje y uso responsable de papel en los estudiantes de la UNMSM
Authors: Vargas Vargas Gaby 
Published: May 2018

El método del estudio fue psicométrico, porque se aplicó un conjunto de procedimientos que permitieron valorar cuantitativamente características psicológicas como la validez y confi abilidad de la escala de actitudes hacia el reciclaje y uso responsable de papel. Asimismo, la investigación tuvo como propósito elaborar la escala de actitudes hacia el uso responsable de papel, en los estudiantes de la UNMSM. Hecho que ubicó el estudio como investigación tecnológica, cuyo producto fue la obtención del cuestionario mencionado; el método utilizado para tal fin fue el descriptivo correlacional, con diseño transversal, porque los datos se obtuvieron en un solo momento (Hernández y otros 2001). La población estuvo constituida por 241 estudiantes. El diseño muestral fue probabilístico y su tamaño se calculó con el procedimiento de Cochrane al 0,05 de error y a un nivel de confi anza del 0,95, requiriendo una muestra de 241 estudiantes para cubrir las exigencias mencionadas. Igualmente, el diseño de la investigación fue de tipo no experimental de corte transeccional, porque los datos se obtuvieron en un solo momento.También podemos mencionar que el estudio fue de tipo aplicado porque permitió confrontar teorías planteadas con la realidad. Además, la técnica utilizada fue la prueba y el instrumento de recolección de datos la escala de actitudes hacia el reciclaje y uso responsable de papel. La técnica utilizada corresponde a los fundamentos de la psicometría para elaborar cuestionarios que en el estudio sirvieron para medir las actitudes hacia el reciclaje y uso responsable de papel. Teóricamente se utilizó la teoría de Fishbein y Ajzen (1975), como orientadores conceptuales. Para demostrar la validez, se utilizó el método de constructo utilizando la consistencia interna de los factores y test total. Para la confiabilidad, se empleó el método de la consistencia interna ítem test total y el método de las mitades, en el primer caso mediante la fórmula de Crombach y en el segundo con la fórmula de Spearman. El criterio de normalización fueron percentilares y la puntuación escalar T.
In-vitro antimicrobial activity of different toothpastes
Authors: Gautam Bikram , Dongol Elisa , Shrestha Anima 
Published: May 2018

Background: Tooth brushing with toothpaste is the most widely practiced form of oral hygiene. Toothpaste aids to improve oral hygiene and effective plaque removal. A wide range of chemicals, mainly antimicrobial agents, have been added to toothpastes which kill microorganisms by disrupting their cell walls and inhibiting their enzymatic activity.Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of toothpastes.Methods: Eight (Two herbal and six regular) toothpastes were selected for the study. The study was conducted from October to November 2016 at St. Xavier’s College’s microbiology laboratory. Antimicrobial activity of toothpastes were assessed by measuring inhibition zones by broth dilution method and agar well diffusion method.Results: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration determination by tube dilution method and cup well diffusion method was found to be same. The antimicrobial activity on test organisms was shown by all toothpastes (TH1, TH2, TR3, TR4, TR5, TR6, TR7 and TR8). Antimicrobial activity of all toothpastes were almost the same and was statistically significant (t>0.05)Conclusion: All eight toothpastes aids in lower microbial load. However, no toothpaste showed bactericidal and fungicidal effect against the tested microbes. The toothpaste containing only natural active ingredients were found to be more effective than the toothpaste containing chemical active agent followed by weaker antimicrobial effect given by the toothpaste containing both natural and chemical active ingredient as an antimicrobial agent.
Grading quality of total mesorectal excision specimen by surgeons
Authors: Maharjan Dhiresh Kumar , Thapa Prabin Bikram 
Published: May 2018

Background: Total mesorectal excision has been gold standard since 1978. But standardization of surgery with quality assurance of total mesorectal excision specimen has been a challenging issue in developing countries. However, quality of macroscopic total mesorectal excision can be graded immediately by operating surgeon before specimen has been fixed in formalin and photographic documentation of gross specimen by surgeons is possible and practical.Objective: To grade macroscopic total mesorectal excision specimen by surgeon and document it photographically and compare it with reporting received from pathologist. Methods: A prospective observational study conducted from Jan 2014 to Jan 2016 at Department of Surgery, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. All consecutive patients with rectal cancer (upper/middle and lower) without distant metastasis were included. Immediate after surgery, macroscopic specimen of TME were graded by operating surgeon and photo-documentation with one anterior, one posterior and two right and left lateral views of total mesorectal excision photos were taken and documented with printed form along with operative notes.Results: There were 40 patients with rectal cancer who underwent surgery during this period. Among those patients, the median age was 25 years of which 30% were females. Twenty-four patients underwent low anterior resection whereas thirteen had ultralow anterior resection and three had abdominal perineal resection. All patients had photo documentation. Complete mesorectal excision was seen in 36 patients and four patients had near complete total mesorectal excision when graded by surgeons. However, pathologist reported six (16.6%) patients having near complete mesorectum among those which had been graded as complete by surgeons.Conclusion: Grading of macroscopic total mesorectal excision specimen by surgeon is feasible and with use of photographic documentation, it can help to assess the quality of surgeons work and can be a good tool for feedback for surgeons to improve.
Results of tension band wiring in intra-articular collateral ligament avulsion fractures of the phalanx
Authors: Manandhar Rajeev Raj , Lakhey Shishir , Karki Umash 
Published: May 2018

Background: Avulsion fractures of the base of proximal phalanx associated with ulnar or radial collateral ligament instability are relatively rare. The small size of the fragment and strong deforming pull of the attached soft tissues make the process of reduction and maintenance difficult.Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the functional outcome of tension band wiring in intra-articular avulsion fractures of the base of the proximal phalanx.Methodology: A prospective study was performed on ten patients with intra-articular collateral ligament avulsion fractures of the proximal phalanx (Jupiter’s classification Type III). A tension band construct was performed using a dorsal approach. The functional outcome was assessed at six months with the quick Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand score.Results: The mean age of the patients was 25.8 years (Mean ± SD: 25.80). Six avulsion fractures were of the ulnar collateral ligament of the proximal phalanx of the index finger, one involved the radial collateral ligament of the ring finger and three, the radial collateral ligament of the little finger suggesting an abduction injury. All fractures had united at three months. Eight patients were graded as excellent and two as good. All patients were satisfied with the surgery and the functional outcome of the injured digit. There were no perioperative complications.Conclusion: The functional outcome of tension band wiring in intra-articular collateral ligament avulsion fractures of the base of the proximal phalanx was good to excellent.
Spinal anaesthesia in elderly for laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Gautam Binod 
Published: May 2018

Background: Prevalence of aging patients appearing for laparoscopic cholecystectomy to treat cholelithiasis is ever on the rise. Associated co-morbidities make the elderly prone to peri-operative complications during laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed under general anaesthesia.Objectives: This study aims to assess the safety and applicability of spinal anaesthesia for the elderly undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, fifty-four patients of age 65 years or more undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were studied. Hyperbaric Bupivacaine 15 milligrams was used in spinal anaesthesia to obtain sensory block to fifth thoracic dermatome. Local anaesthetics were instilled intra-peritoneally before surgical dissection. Surgery was performed through three ports with carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum at eight mmHg intra-abdominal pressure. Data included demography, co-morbidities, need for analgesics or general anaesthesia, operative and post-operative complications and hospital stay. Univariate analysis for peri-operative events and bivariate analysis for outcome and explanatory variables were done.Results: The mean age was 71.4 years with co-morbidity in 40 patients. Conversion to open cholecystectomy occurred in three patients necessitating general anaesthesia. Surgery was completed laparoscopically under spinal anaesthesia in remaining 51 patients. Increment in intra-abdominal pressure was required in five patients. Six patients needed analgesics for shoulder pain. Intra-operative hypotension and shivering occurred in 15 and four patients respectively. Post-operatively, urinary retention and nausea occurred in four and three patients respectively. Mean hospital stay was 3.2 days.Conclusion: There is no undue risk in spinal anaesthesia for conducting laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the elderly and it is efficient for uncomplicated cholelithiasis with minimal modifications in surgical technique.