bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous Lidocaine for Acute Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Masic Dalila , Liang Edith , Long Christina , Sterk Ethan J. , Barbas Brian , Rech Megan A. 
Published: October 2018

This systematic review evaluates the safety and efficacy of intravenous (IV) lidocaine for the treatment of acute pain in adult patients. The PubMed database was searched for randomized controlled trials, retrospective cohort studies, case series, and case reports evaluating the use of IV lidocaine for the treatment of acute pain in adult patients, published between January 1970 and January 2018. The primary outcome was pain reduction via the Visual Analog Scale, Verbal Rating Scale, or Numeric Rating Scale among patients treated with IV lidocaine and placebo or active controls. Safety outcomes included both nonserious and serious adverse events. A total of 347 titles and abstracts were screened, and after full‐text review, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria involving 512 patients. The four active controls studied were IV morphine, IV ketorolac, IV dihydroergotamine (DHE), and IV chlorpromazine (CPZ). The dosing of IV lidocaine varied among studies between a weight‐based dose of a 1‐ to 2‐mg/kg bolus, a fixed‐bolus dose of 50–100 mg, and a 1‐mg/kg/hour continuous infusion. Monitoring of serum lidocaine concentrations was not done routinely. Intravenous lidocaine had superior efficacy to morphine for renal colic and critical limb ischemia, superior efficacy to DHE for acute migraine, and equivalent efficacy to ketorolac for acute radicular lower back pain. However, lidocaine was less effective than CPZ for the treatment of acute migraine. The most common adverse event reported among all studies were neurologic effects such as altered mental status and slurred speech. Due to the inconsistency in dosing, length of administration, and lack of serum monitoring, the absolute safety of IV lidocaine for acute pain is unknown. Larger, prospective studies are needed before the routine use of IV lidocaine can be recommended for all types of acute pain.
Effects of Dihydroxylammonium 5,5′‐Bistetrazole‐1,1′‐Diolate on the Properties of HTPB Based Composite Solid Propellant
Authors: Pang WeiQiang , Li JunQiang , Wang Ke , Fan XueZhong , De Luca Luigi T. , Bi FuQiang , Li Huan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSeveral industrial‐ and research‐type hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) composite solid rocket propellants, containing dihydroxylammonium 5,5′‐bistetrazole‐1,1′‐diolate (TKX‐50) particles and, featuring the same nominal composition, were prepared. The energetic properties of composite propellants containing different mass fractions of TKX‐50 particles were theoretically computed and experimentally evaluated. The effects of different mass fractions of TKX‐50 on the rheological properties of both TKX‐50/HTPB binder slurries and AP/HTPB/Al propellant slurries were investigated. The strand burning rates, the associated combustion flame structures, and the hazardous properties of the resulting propellants were experimentally analyzed. All of the properties mentioned above were also compared to those of the reference propellant without TKX‐50. The results show that the prepared TKX‐50 particles can sufficiently be dispersed in the HTPB binder plasticized by di‐2‐etylhexyl sebacate (DOS). The propellant compositions containing different mass fractions of TKX‐50 are insensitive to impact and friction, differentlyfrom the reference propellant without TKX‐50. Moreover, over the explored pressure range, TKX‐50 can affect the combustion behavior and decrease the burning rate as well as pressure exponent of composite solid propellants compared with the reference composition.
Laser Ignition of a Low Vulnerability Propellant Based on Nitrocellulose: Effects of Ar and N2 Surrounding Atmospheres
Authors: Courty Léo , Lagrange Jean‐François , Gillard Philippe , Boulnois Christophe 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIgnition and combustion characteristics of a low‐vulnerability propellant mainly composed of nitrocellulose are studied experimentally. Ignition is obtained using a 10 W laser diode. Experiments are performed in a cylindrical closed‐volume reactor for different initial pressures and initial propellant masses under nitrogen and argon surrounding atmospheres. Ignition delays, maximal overpressures and propagation rates are obtained for different initial pressures and laser powers. Ignition probabilities for different laser powers and gaseous atmospheres are also investigated using the modified Langlie method. Argon is found to be a combustion enhancer for this kind of propellant, compared to nitrogen. Laser power plays a significant role on ignition probabilities and ignition delays, but not on propagation rates. As expected, ignition delay is highly dependent on initial pressure.
Different Effects of Pro-Inflammatory Factors and Hyperosmotic Stress on Corneal Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells and Wound Healing in Mice
Authors: Yang Lingling , Zhang Songmei , Duan Haoyun , Dong Muchen , Hu Xiaoli , Zhang Zhaohua , Wang Yao , Zhang Xiaoping , Shi Weiyun , Zhou Qingjun 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Chronic inflammation and severe dry eye are two important adverse factors for the successful transplant of cultured limbal stem cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inflammation and hyperosmotic stress (a key pathological factor in dry eye) on corneal epithelial stem cells (CESCs) and corneal epithelial wound healing. We observed that the CESCs exhibited significant morphological changes when treated with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), or hyperosmotic stress. Colony-forming efficiency or colony-forming size was decreased with the increasing concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, or hyperosmotic stress, which was exacerbated when treated simultaneously with pro-inflammatory factors and hyperosmotic stress. However, the colony-forming capacity of CESCs recovered more easily from pro-inflammatory factor treatment than from hyperosmotic stress treatment. Moreover, when compared with pro-inflammatory factors treatment, hyperosmotic stress treatment caused a more significant increase of apoptotic and necrotic cell numbers and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Furthermore, the normal ability of corneal epithelial wound healing in the mice model was suppressed by both pro-inflammatory factors and hyperosmotic stress treatment, and especially severely by hyperosmotic stress treatment. In addition, inflammation combined with hyperosmotic stress treatment induced more serious epithelial repair delays and apoptosis in corneal epithelium. Elevated levels of inflammatory factors were found in hyperosmotic stress-treated cells and mice corneas, which persisted even during the recovery period. The results suggested that pro-inflammatory factors cause transient inhibition, while hyperosmotic stress causes severe apoptosis and necrosis, persistent cell cycle arrest of CESCs, and severe corneal wound healing delay. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:46–57
Interaction of Amphotericin B with Ergosterol/Cholesterol‐Containing POPG Liposomes Studied by Absorption, Fluorescence and Second Harmonic Spectroscopy
Authors: Kintali Srinivasarao , Kishor Varshney Gopal , Das Kaustuv 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe membrane permeability induced by the polyene antibiotic Amphotericin B (AmB) against negatively charged L‐α‐phosphatidyl DL‐glycerol (POPG) membranes containing either Ergosterol (Ergo) or Cholesterol (Chol) has been investigated by monitoring the bilayer transport of the LDS‐698 (LDS+) ion using the interfacial selective second harmonic (SH) spectroscopy. The transport of LDS+ becomes faster at very low AmB/Liposome (A/L) ratio whereas Ergo present in the bilayer. As increasing A/L ratio, the average transport time constants (Tav) of the LDS+ ion fall into two kinetic regimes which observed for the different liposomes. In POPG‐Ergo liposomes, the effect of neutralizing either of the two charged functional groups of AmB reveals that interaction of AmB with Ergo is primarily dependent upon the charged amino group present in the mycosamine moiety of AmB. The spectral (absorption and fluorescence) properties of AmB were also studied to supplement the results obtained from SH studies. In summary, at low A/L ratio (< 1), the membrane permeability of the POPG membrane were observed to dependent upon the membrane composition or the pH of the medium, whereas at higher A/L ratio (> 1) the permeability becomes similar for all the cases. The spectroscopic properties of AmB with increasing A/L ratio suggest that the latter phenomena may be due to the aggregated states of AmB in the bilayer which enhance the bilayer permeability irrespective of the bilayer composition and solution pH.
Employees' and line managers' active involvement in participatory organizational interventions: Examining direct, reversed, and reciprocal effects on well‐being
Authors: Tafvelin Susanne , von Thiele Schwarz Ulrica , Nielsen Karina , Hasson Henna 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study examined how employee participation and perceptions of line managers' support during a participatory organizational intervention were related to well‐being over time. Although previous studies suggest that employees' and managers' active involvement in participatory organizational interventions may be related to well‐being, little is known about the temporal aspects, such as at which time during the intervention these factors matter, or possible reciprocal effects. Building on conservation of resources theory, we tested hypotheses concerning direct, reversed, and reciprocal relationships between employee participation and perceptions of line manager support in relation to well‐being. We used a four‐wave panel design consisting of 159 hospital workers. Cross‐lagged analyses showed that perceived line managers' support in the initiation and active phase was related to participation in the active phase. Participation in the initiation and active phase was related to well‐being in the active and sustained phase, respectively. Results also revealed that participation in the initiation phase was related to perceived line managers' support in the active phase, which in turn predicted participation in the active phase, which translated into job satisfaction in the sustained phase supporting reversed and reciprocal effects in the form of resource caravans. Theoretical implications for research and practice are discussed.
Being too good for your own good: A stakeholder perspective on the differential effect of firm‐employee relationships on innovation search
Authors: Gambeta Eni , Koka Balaji R. , Hoskisson Robert E. 
Published: October 2018

Research Summary:A firm's stakeholder orientation toward its employees is argued to be beneficial for firm outcomes. However, this orientation may also have disparate impacts on particular behaviors and outcomes, such as local versus distant search, which impose contradictory firm requirements. We find that while a strong firm–employee relationship leads to increasingly higher levels of local search (exploitation), it also leads to increasingly lower levels of distant search (exploration). In additional supplementary analyses, we find similar disparate effects on the productivity of innovation and its market value, as well as a moderating effect of the firm's relationship with other stakeholders which exacerbates both the positive and negative impacts of firm–employee relationships. We discuss the implications of these findings for both the innovation and the instrumental stakeholder literatures.Managerial Summary:Motivating employees toward generating new ideas and innovations is an important challenge for most firms. Establishing the firm as a trustful and good partner for employees may engender in them the commitment and willingness to invest in such activities. However, questions remain as to how “well” the firm should “treat” its employees, and the potential adverse consequences from over‐investing in such relationships. This paper examines these important practical questions and finds that establishing strong relationships with employees can be simultaneously beneficial and harmful for the firm depending on the type of new ideas it seeks. We find that such strong relationships helps with motivating employees to build on and perfect existing knowledge, but is harmful with respect to bringing in new and unfamiliar knowledge.
The relative value of firm and nonprofit experience: Tackling large‐scale social issues across institutional contexts
Authors: Ballesteros Luis , Gatignon Aline 
Published: October 2018

Research SummaryNonprofit organizations (NPOs) are often identified as a natural vehicle for the engagement of firms in large‐scale social issues. We evaluate this argument by examining the conditions under which NPO experience is more valuable than firm experience in overcoming the key challenges associated with corporate disaster giving. Findings from a quasi‐experiment across the 4,396 natural disasters worldwide between 2003 and 2015 demonstrate that firms could donate more by implementing the aid through NPOs (on their own) in countries with low (high) institutional development, especially where they lack (have) market operations. However, we also observe that firms more frequently than not opted into the allocation mode that yielded comparatively low aid, raising questions about incentive alignment and communication across the business and nonprofit sectors.Managerial SummaryFirms are increasingly tackling social issues across the world. Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) are often identified as natural channels for facilitating such engagement, but we have no systematic evidence to confirm this. We tackle this question by outlining the conditions under which allocating company aid for disaster relief and recovery through NPOs results in greater donations than when the firms disburse its aid directly to victims. We analyze all major natural disasters that affected the world between 2003 and 2015 and observe that firms would have donated more through an NPO (directly) in countries with low (high) institutional development where they lacked (had) local operations. Yet, firms frequently chose the channel that yielded lower donations.A video abstract is available at https://youtu.be/C8Xg6gqRabQ.
Multinational investment and the value of growth options: Alignment of incremental strategy to environmental uncertainty
Authors: Belderbos René , Tong Tony W. , Wu Shubin 
Published: October 2018

Research SummaryOne of the motivations for multinational firms' investment in foreign affiliates in uncertain environments is the future growth opportunities the investment may bring. We argue that whether firms derive growth option value from their multinational investment is determined by the interaction between market uncertainty and firms' incremental investment strategy. We show evidence that multinational investment creates growth option value for firms operating affiliates in host countries with high market uncertainty. In such uncertain environments, however, incremental investment strategies—limiting the equity stake or the size of investment in affiliates, across all countries or within each country—prove critical to the value of growth options. Creating growth option value therefore requires an alignment of firms' incremental investment strategy to the uncertain country environments they confront.
Managerial SummaryManagers have long recognized the importance of taking an incremental approach to strategy making, but evidence on whether and when strategic incrementalism is valuable to firms remains scarce. This study focuses on two ways Japanese multinational firms invest incrementally in the context of foreign expansion—by limiting the equity stake or the size of investment in their foreign affiliates—and analyzes when such incremental strategies create valuable growth options that translate into market value. We find that these strategies, whether implemented across all host countries or within each country, do create significant growth option value, provided that market uncertainty is high. The findings highlight the importance of aligning firms' incremental strategy to the environmental uncertainties they confront, in line with the core notion of “fit” in strategic management.
Programmed Hierarchical Hybrid Nanostructures from Fullerene‐Dendrons and Pyrene‐Dendrons
Authors: Park Minwook , Kang Dong‐Gue , Yoon Won‐Jin , Choi Yu‐Jin , Koo Jahyeon , Lim Seok‐In , Jeong Kwang‐Un 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe construction of fullerene (C60) hierarchical nanostructures with the help of amphiphilic molecules remains a challenging task in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Utilizing the host–guest complex concept, sub‐10 nm layered superstructures are constructed from a monofunctionalized C60 dendron (C60D, guest) and tweezer‐like pyrene dendron (PD, host). Since C60D and PD are asymmetric shape amphiphiles having liquid crystal (LC) dendrons, both C60D and PD construct head‐to‐head bilayer superstructures by themselves. From fluorescence titration experiments, it is realized that the host–guest complex shows 1:1 stoichiometric binding with a binding constant (Ksv = 2.45 × 105m−1). Based on the morphological observations and scattering analyses, it is found that buckle‐like asymmetric building blocks (C60D·PD) are self‐assembled by the host–guest complex and construct multilayer hybrid nanostructures. The hierarchical hybrid nanostructures consist of the self‐assembled C60D·PD bilayer with a 2D C60·P nanoarray sandwiched between LC dendrons. This advanced strategy is expected to be a practicable and rational guideline for the fabrication of programmed hierarchical hybrid nanostructures.
SF6 decomposition components under different metallic free‐conducting wire‐type particles in positive DC partial discharge
Authors: Cao Zhengqin , Tang Ju , Zhou Yongjian , Zeng Fuping 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the common free‐conducting wire‐type particles that can produce severe partial discharge (PD) in DC gas‐insulated equipment. The experiment was conducted on the SF6 positive DC PD experimental system to determine the influence of the free‐conducting wire‐type particles of three kinds of metal materials (aluminum, 18/8 stainless steel, and copper) on SF6 decomposition. The change rules of five main characteristic decomposition components, namely, CF4, CO2, SOF2, SO2F2, and SO2, under different free‐conducting metal particles were obtained using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry quantitative detection. No significant correlation was observed between the formation of CO2 and the kinds of metal materials; however, the kinds of metal materials significantly influenced the formation of the other four kinds of characteristic gases. The differences in the physical and chemical properties of the metal materials caused the different characteristics of SF6 positive DC PD decomposition under different free‐conducting metal wire‐type particles. Findings provide an experimental basis for the diagnosis of fault‐type positive DC SF6 gas‐insulated equipment. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
5D rotating black holes and the nAdS2/nCFT1 correspondence
Authors: Castro Alejandra , Larsen Finn , Papadimitriou Ioannis 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe study rotating black holes in five dimensions using the nAdS2/nCFT1correspondence. A consistent truncation of pure Einstein gravity (with a cosmological constant) in five dimensions to two dimensions gives a generalization of the Jackiw-Teitelboim theory that has two scalar fields: a dilaton and a squashing parameter that breaks spherical symmetry. The interplay between these two scalar fields is non trivial and leads to interesting new features. We study the holographic description of this theory and apply the results to the thermodynamics of the rotating black hole from a two dimensional point of view. This setup challenges notions of universality that have been advanced based on simpler models: we find that the mass gap of Kerr-AdS5corresponds to an undetermined effective coupling in the nAdS2/nCFT1theory which depends on ultraviolet data.
Preparation of transparent nanostructured N-doped TiO2 thin films by combination of sonochemical and CVD methods with visible light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Rasoulnezhad Hossein , Hosseinzadeh Ghader , Hosseinzadeh Reza , Ghasemian Naser 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Pollution of water resources with pesticide compounds has raised serious environmental problems, and for photocatalytic degradation of these pollutants, thin film photocatalysts are preferred to colloidal ones due to the separation problem of colloidal nanoparticles. In this work, nanostructured TiO2 and N-doped TiO2 thin films with high transparency were deposited on glass and quartz substrates through sonochemical–chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The films prepared on glass and quartz substrates had nanocubic and nanospherical morphology, respectively. The presence of N atoms in the structure of TiO2 resulted in a decrease in the band gap energy of TiO2 and also in the reduction of photogenerated electron–hole recombination rate. Furthermore, the presence of N atoms induced the formation of Ti3+ species which can act as hole trapping centers. The prepared thin films were also used for the visible light photocatalytic degradation of paraoxon pesticide. According to these results among the prepared thin films, the N-doped TiO2 thin films have higher photocatalytic activity than pure TiO2 thin films. Moreover, in comparison with the thin films deposited on quartz substrate, the films on glass substrate have higher photocatalytic performance, which can be related to the special nanocubic morphology of these samples.
Co2+ substituted Mg–Cu–Zn ferrite: Evaluation of structural, magnetic, and electromagnetic properties
Authors: Thorat L. M. , Patil J. Y. , Nadargi D. Y. , Ghodake U. R. , Kambale R. C. , Suryavanshi S. S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We report the synthesis of Co2+ substituted Mg–Cu–Zn ferrite via citrate gel combustion process and thereby its structural, transport, and magnetic properties for the use in electromagnetic energy absorption application. The polycrystalline ferrite system is investigated by interplay of stoichiometric composition with Mg0.25–x
Co
x
Cu0.25Zn0.5Fe2O4 (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.25). Structural investigations using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) reveal the formation of spinel structure with linear growth of lattice constant due to Co2+ substitution. The microstructural analysis (TEM and SEM) depicts the dense microstructure with the average grain size of 0.42–1.25 μm. The elemental analysis (EDS) confirms the elemental composition of the as-prepared ferrite with respect to the initial concentrations of the synthetic composition used. The observed variations in initial permeability (μ
i) and magnetic moment (n
B) are explained based on deviation in saturation magnetization (M
s), anisotropy constant (K
1), density values, and exchange interaction. The temperature dependence of DC resistivity confirms the semiconducting behavior of the as-prepared ferrite material, with an increase in the DC resistivity by an incorporation of cobalt. Furthermore, the effects of adding Co2+ on the Curie temperature, frequency dependent dielectric properties of the ferrite material are also discussed.