bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adult Learning Styles – Implications for Adult Educators Working in Aboriginal Communities
Authors: McGrath W.J. 
Published: May 2019

In the Northern Territory there are about 20 adult educators based in Aboriginal communities where the traditional life-style is still experienced to a great degree. These adult educators are required to identify the further education and training needs of the community and to implement programs to meet these needs. In this brief paper I shall examine ways in which the study of Aboriginal adult learning styles can be of use to these adult educators.Before looking at specific Aboriginal learning styles it is necessary to look at those which are generally universally agreed upon as the basic learning styles applicable to adults. This is necessary in order to ensure that adult educators have a foundation on which to base some identifiably different learning styles inherent in Aboriginal culture.
A polarization and band reconfigurable cross-slot antenna for multiband application
Authors: Saraswat Kapil , Harish A. R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA polarization and band reconfigurable cross-slot antenna for multiband applications is presented in this paper. The antenna consists of four p–i–n diodes embedded in the cross-shaped slot in a ground plane and excited by a microstrip feed line. The p–i–n diodes are placed in such a way that they produce multiple bands, with linearly and circularly polarized (CP) radiation. By switching the states of the p–i–n diodes, the sense of rotation of the electric field in CP radiation can be reconfigured. The proposed structure can be configured to produce two bands that radiate linearly polarized waves or three bands, where, two are linearly polarized and one is CP. The proposed design concepts are validated bythe CST studio suite as well as measurementsare carried out on fabricated prototypes.
Influence of application timing and herbicide rate on the efficacy of tolpyralate plus atrazine
Authors: Metzger Brendan A. , Soltani Nader , Raeder Alan J. , Hooker David C. , Robinson Darren E. , Sikkema Peter H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEffective POST herbicides and herbicide mixtures are key components of integrated weed management in corn; however, herbicides vary in their efficacy based on application timing. Six field experiments were conducted over 2 yr (2017–2018) in southwestern Ontario, Canada, to determine the effects of herbicide application timing and rate on the efficacy of tolpyralate, a new 4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor. Tolpyralate at 15, 30, or 40 g ai ha−1in combination with atrazine at 500 or 1,000 g ai ha−1was applied PRE, early POST, mid-POST, or late POST. Tolpyralate + atrazine at rates ≥30 + 1,000 g ha−1provided equivalent control of common lambsquarters and Powell amaranth applied PRE or POST, whereas no rate applied PRE controlled common ragweed, velvetleaf, barnyardgrass, or green foxtail. Common ragweed, common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, and Powell amaranth were controlled equally regardless of POST timing. In contrast, control of barnyardgrass and green foxtail declined when herbicide application was delayed to the late-POST timing, irrespective of herbicide rate. Similarly, corn grain yield declined within each tolpyralate + atrazine rate when herbicide applications were delayed to late-POST timing. Overall, the results of this study indicate that several monocot and dicot weed species can be controlled with tolpyralate + atrazine with an early to mid-POST herbicide application timing, before weeds reach 30 cm in height, and Powell amaranth and common lambsquarters can also be controlled PRE. Additionally, this study provides further evidence highlighting the importance of effective, early-season weed control in corn.
Laboratory Flume Experiments on the Formation of Spanwise Large Wood Accumulations: I. Effect on Backwater Rise
Authors: Schalko I. , Lageder C. , Schmocker L. , Weitbrecht V. , Boes R.M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTransported large wood (LW) in rivers may lead to accumulations at natural or artificial obstructions. The hydraulic and geomorphic conditions change due to these accumulations. Backwater rise as well as scour can evolve in the vicinity of such an accumulation. In this first companion paper, results of hydraulic model tests are presented on backwater rise due to spanwise LW accumulations in combination with a movable bed. The findings are summarized in design equations and allow the estimation of (1) characteristic LW volume generating the primary backwater rise, (2) effect of LW accumulation shape and bed material on resulting backwater rise, and (3) effect of LW volume on backwater rise. Compared to a fixed bed, movable bed reduces backwater rise as the open cross‐section area and thus discharge capacity increase. This work improves the understanding and predictability of the formation and impact of spanwise LW accumulations at natural or artificial obstructions (e.g., LW retention racks).
Role of the South Pacific Convergence Zone in West Antarctic Decadal Climate Variability
Authors: Clem Kyle R. , Lintner Benjamin R. , Broccoli Anthony J. , Miller James R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRegional atmospheric circulation along coastal West Antarctica associated with the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) mediates ice shelf melt that governs Antarctica's contribution to global sea level rise. In this study, the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) is identified as a significant driver of ASL variability on decadal time scales. Using the Community Earth System Model, we impose a positive sea surface temperature anomaly in the SPCZ that reproduces an increase in convective rainfall in the southwest SPCZ that has been observed in recent decades, consistent with the negative phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). Many of the major climate shifts across West Antarctica during the 2000‐2014 period when the IPO was negative can be explained via a teleconnection over the ASL emanating from the SPCZ. Knowledge of these relationships significantly enhances our understanding and interpretation of past and future West Antarctic climate variability.
Urban Expansion and Drying Climate in an Urban Agglomeration of East China
Authors: Luo Ming , Lau Ngar‐Cheung 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUrban land expansion is one of the most conspicuous aspects of urbanization and has profound impacts on regional climate change. Most studies, however, focus on its impacts on surface temperature, and possible effects on atmospheric humidity are less known. By examining the humidity changes in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration of China during 1961–2014, we find a prominent urban dry island (UDI) effect in this urban agglomeration, as characterized by reduced humidity and increased vapor pressure deficit in the urban core area. In the past decades, the UDI effect has been significantly intensified by rapid urban land expansion. Urban expansion contributes to around half of the decrease in atmospheric humidity and the increase in vapor pressure deficit in urban areas. These effects are particularly stronger in wet hot summer and relatively weaker in cold dry winter. We suggest that the UDI effect should be considered in future urban planning, landscape design, and climate change assessment and mitigation.
Improved Performance of ERA5 in Arctic Gateway Relative to Four Global Atmospheric Reanalyses
Authors: Graham Robert M. , Hudson Stephen R. , Maturilli Marion 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHere we evaluate five atmospheric reanalyses in an Arctic gateway during late summer. The reanalyses include ERA5, ERA‐Interim, Japanese 55 year Re‐Analysis (JRA‐55), Climate Forecasting System Reanalysis‐version 2 (CFSv2), and Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications‐version 2 (MERRA‐2). We use observations from 50 radiosondes launched in the Fram Strait around 79‐80°N, between 25 August and 11 September 2017. Crucially, data from 27 radiosondes were not transmitted to the Global Telecommunications System and therefore not assimilated into any reanalysis. In most reanalyses, the magnitude of wind speed and humidity errors is similar for profiles with and without data assimilation. In cases without data assimilation, correlation coefficients (R) exceed 0.88 for temperature, wind speed, and specific humidity, in all reanalyses. Overall, the newly released ERA5 has higher correlation coefficients than any other reanalyses as well as smaller biases and root‐mean‐square errors, for all three variables. The largest improvements identified in ERA5 are in its representation of the wind field, and temperature profiles over warm water.
Relationship Between the Pacific‐North American Pattern and the Frequency of Tropical Cyclones Over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Song Jinjie , Klotzbach Philip J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe frequency of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the western North Pacific during June–November has a significant inverse correlation with the concurrent Pacific‐North American (PNA) pattern from 1965 to 2016. During low PNA years, more TCs form north of 12.5°N, with significantly greater TC occurrences from 15 to 20°N, compared to high PNA years. The difference in TC genesis location can be explained by the differences in the genesis potential index derived from the environmental variables in both PNA phases. The PNA influences TC formation primarily by modulating large‐scale dynamic conditions, with thermodynamic conditions playing a lesser role. In low PNA years, low‐level anomalous cyclonic lows over the Philippines and in the subtropical central Pacific provide significant positive relative vorticity anomalies favorable for TC genesis. Additionally, there is also less vertical wind shear to the north of the Philippines due to enhanced winds at low levels and weaker winds at upper levels.
Patterns of Floodplain Spatial Heterogeneity in the Southern Rockies, USA
Authors: Wohl Ellen , Iskin Emily 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFloodplain spatial heterogeneity describes the three‐dimensional patchiness of floodplain substrate, surface elevation, and land cover. This heterogeneity results primarily from lateral channel migration and avulsion and decreases under diverse forms of management. Heterogeneity influences floodplain storage time, resilience to disturbance, and biodiversity. We use a data set of 37 floodplain segments covering a range of drainage areas and channel geometries from sites in the Southern Rocky Mountains to examine correlations between floodplain spatial heterogeneity and lateral valley confinement, drainage area, channel planform, and river management. We hypothesized that heterogeneity correlates most strongly with channel planform but found that the best explanatory statistical model included drainage area, planform, and gradient. Pairwise comparisons of means indicate that straight channels have the least heterogeneous floodplains and meandering channels have the greatest, while braided and anastomosing channels have intermediate values. Pairwise comparison of managed and unmanaged river corridors indicates that these populations are significantly different.
In-vivo microscopy reveals the impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa social interactions on host colonization
Authors: Rezzoagli Chiara , Granato Elisa T , Kümmerli Rolf 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria engage in social interactions to colonize hosts, which include quorum-sensing-mediated communication and the secretion of virulence factors that can be shared as “public goods” between individuals. While in-vitro studies demonstrated that cooperative individuals can be displaced by “cheating” mutants freeriding on social acts, we know less about social interactions in infections. Here, we developed a live imaging system to track virulence factor expression and social strain interactions in the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonizing the gut of Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that shareable siderophores and quorum-sensing systems are expressed during infections, affect host gut colonization, and benefit non-producers. However, non-producers were unable to successfully cheat and outcompete producers. Our results indicate that the limited success of cheats is due to a combination of the down-regulation of virulence factors over the course of the infection, the fact that each virulence factor examined contributed to but was not essential for host colonization, and the potential for negative frequency-dependent selection. Our findings shed new light on bacterial social interactions in infections and reveal potential limits of therapeutic approaches that aim to capitalize on social dynamics between strains for infection control.
A novel missense PTEN mutation identified in a patient with macrocephaly and developmental delay
Authors: Ueno Yuichi , Enokizono Takashi , Fukushima Hiroko , Ohto Tatsuyuki , Imagawa Kazuo , Tanaka Mai , Sakai Aiko , Suzuki Hisato , Uehara Tomoko , Takenouchi Toshiki , Kosaki Kenjiro , Takada Hidetoshi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPhosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) plays an important role in tumor suppression. A germline mutation in the PTEN gene induces not only PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome, including Cowden syndrome, but also macrocephaly/autism syndrome. Here, we describe a boy with macrocephaly/autism syndrome harboring a novel missense heterozygous PTEN mutation, c.959T>C (p.Leu320Ser). Interestingly, a previously reported nonsense mutation resulting in p.Leu320X was found in Cowden syndrome patients. Our case may be suggestive of a genotype-phenotype correlation.
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase is a molecular target of potent anticancer agents identified from phenotype-based drug screening
Authors: Yamaguchi Daisuke , Imaizumi Takamichi , Yagi Kaori , Matsumoto Yuichi , Nakashima Takayuki , Hirose Akiyo , Kashima Naomi , Nosaka Yukino , Hamada Tomoko , Okawa Katsuya , Nishiya Yoichi , Kubo Kazuo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPhenotypic screening in drug discovery has been revived with the expectation of providing promising lead compounds and drug targets and improving the success rate of drug approval. However, target identification remains a major bottleneck in phenotype-based drug discovery. We identified the lead compounds K542 and K405 with a selective inhibition of cell viability against sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 (SGPL1)-transduced ES-2 cells by phenotypic screening. We therefore performed an in vivo pharmacological examination and observed the antitumor activity of K542 in an HT-1080 tumor-bearing mouse xenograft model. SGPL1 was expected to be a therapeutic target in some cancers, suggesting that these lead molecules might be promising candidates; however, their mechanisms of action still remain unexplained. We therefore synthesized the affinity probe Ind-tag derived from K542 and identified the proteins binding to Ind-tag via a pull-down experiment. Proteomics and biochemical analyses revealed that the target molecule of these lead compounds was Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). We established K542-resistant DLD-1 and HT-1080 cells, and genetic analyses of these cells identified a missense mutation in the NAMPT-encoding gene. This enzymatic experiment clearly showed that K393 exerts enzymatic inhibition against NAMPT. These proteomics, genetics and biochemical analyses clarified that compounds K542 and K405 were NAMPT inhibitors.
ATAC-seq reveals alterations in open chromatin in pancreatic islets from subjects with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bysani Madhusudhan , Agren Rasmus , Davegårdh Cajsa , Volkov Petr , Rönn Tina , Unneberg Per , Bacos Karl , Ling Charlotte 
Published: May 2019

AbstractImpaired insulin secretion from pancreatic islets is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Altered chromatin structure may contribute to the disease. We therefore studied the impact of T2D on open chromatin in human pancreatic islets. We used assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) to profile open chromatin in islets from T2D and non-diabetic donors. We identified 57,105 and 53,284 ATAC-seq peaks representing open chromatin regions in islets of non-diabetic and diabetic donors, respectively. The majority of ATAC-seq peaks mapped near transcription start sites. Additionally, peaks were enriched in enhancer regions and in regions where islet-specific transcription factors (TFs), e.g. FOXA2, MAFB, NKX2.2, NKX6.1 and PDX1, bind. Islet ATAC-seq peaks overlap with 13 SNPs associated with T2D (e.g. rs7903146, rs2237897, rs757209, rs11708067 and rs878521 near TCF7L2, KCNQ1, HNF1B, ADCY5 and GCK, respectively) and with additional 67 SNPs in LD with known T2D SNPs (e.g. SNPs annotated to GIPR, KCNJ11, GLIS3, IGF2BP2, FTO and PPARG). There was enrichment of open chromatin regions near highly expressed genes in human islets. Moreover, 1,078 open chromatin peaks, annotated to 898 genes, differed in prevalence between diabetic and non-diabetic islet donors. Some of these peaks are annotated to candidate genes for T2D and islet dysfunction (e.g. HHEX, HMGA2, GLIS3, MTNR1B and PARK2) and some overlap with SNPs associated with T2D (e.g. rs3821943 near WFS1 and rs508419 near ANK1). Enhancer regions and motifs specific to key TFs including BACH2, FOXO1, FOXA2, NEUROD1, MAFA and PDX1 were enriched in differential islet ATAC-seq peaks of T2D versus non-diabetic donors. Our study provides new understanding into how T2D alters the chromatin landscape, and thereby accessibility for TFs and gene expression, in human pancreatic islets.
Communicative Strengths in Severe Aphasia: The Famous People Protocol and Its Value in Planning Treatment
Authors: Holland Audrey , Forbes Margaret , Fromm Davida , MacWhinney Brian 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
This clinical focus article describes the development and use of the Famous People Protocol (FPP), a clinical tool for observing the strategies people with severe aphasia (PWSA) can use to communicate when speech is limited. Its goal is to provide a systematic approach to identifying individually appropriate communication strategies for PWSA.

Method

Though not a test, the FPP's development and pilot testing were consonant with qualitative approaches to test development. Eighty-one people with aphasia and 37 nonaphasic participants were given the current version of FPP and the Western Aphasia Battery–Revised (WAB-R;
Kertesz, 2006
). This clinical focus article reports on the 36 PWA who scored near or below the mean WAB score of the larger group.

Results

The FPP has a maximum score of 100 based on (a) identification of famous people in different categories, entertainers, athletes, U.S. presidents, sports figures, and internationally famous people, and (b) responses to additional questions about the famous people. Identification is scored quantitatively on a 3-point scale, and question responses are scored correct (1) or incorrect (0). Mean scores for the PWSA and control groups were 54.6 and 95.2, respectively. FPP and WAB-R scores were moderately correlated (
r
= .67). Qualitative results describe the variety of strategies that PWSA used on the FPP.

Conclusions
The FPP is a way for clinicians to engage PWSA in an activity that can reveal personally relevant strategies to help PWSA communicate more effectively. The strategies can then become the basis for subsequent training on using them conversationally. Appendixes provide examples of clinical approaches.
Stokes inversion based on convolutional neural networks
Authors: Asensio Ramos A. , Díaz Baso C. J. 
Published: May 2019

Context. Spectropolarimetric inversions are routinely used in the field of solar physics for the extraction of physical information from observations. The application to two-dimensional fields of view often requires the use of supercomputers with parallelized inversion codes. Even in this case, the computing time spent on the process is still very large.
Aims. Our aim is to develop a new inversion code based on the application of convolutional neural networks that can quickly provide a three-dimensional cube of thermodynamical and magnetic properties from the interpreation of two-dimensional maps of Stokes profiles.
Methods. We trained two different architectures of fully convolutional neural networks. To this end, we used the synthetic Stokes profiles obtained from two snapshots of three-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic numerical simulations of different structures of the solar atmosphere.
Results. We provide an extensive analysis of the new inversion technique, showing that it infers the thermodynamical and magnetic properties with a precision comparable to that of standard inversion techniques. However, it provides several key improvements: our method is around one million times faster, it returns a three-dimensional view of the physical properties of the region of interest in geometrical height, it provides quantities that cannot be obtained otherwise (pressure and Wilson depression) and the inferred properties are decontaminated from the blurring effect of instrumental point spread functions for free. The code, models, and data are all open source and available for free, to allow both evaluation and training.
Fachweiterbildung oder Akademisierung?
Authors: Illichmann Ulrike 
Published: May 2019

Weiterbildungsteilnehmer und Hochschulabsolventen im Fachbereich der Psychiatrie werden sich in naher Zukunft gegenseitig ergänzen und voneinander profitieren – trotz aller Unterschiede. Denn nur die Kombination aus patientenbezogener Pflege und wissenschaftlichen Kompetenzen ermöglicht es, die Pflegequalität gemeinsam zu verbessern. Ein Plädoyer für ein Miteinander.
Effect of Metformin Treatment on Insulin Resistance Markers, and Circulating Irisin in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Masaeli Asiyeh , Nayeri Hashem , Mirzaee Mohammadreza 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is considered as a common endocrinal dysfunction among adult women characterized by polycystic ovaries, anovulation, and hyperandrogenism. Irisin is associated with metabolic parameters and insulin resistance. However, the association of irisin with PCOS remains poorly delineated. This study was aimed to examine circulating irisin levels and effects of metformin on this parameter in women with PCOS. Moreover, the association of irisin with insulin resistance markers was determined. Thirty-nine females with PCOS, aged 20–40 years, participated in this study and received 500 mg of metformin once daily for 3 months. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood sugar, testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and irisin were assayed in the studied groups. Circulating irisin was significantly higher in PCOS women. Circulating irisin levels correlated with 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, and insulin. Three months metformin treatment decreased circulating irisin in PCOS women and improved IR. Circulating irisin is directly associated with insulin resistance in PCOS women and may be used as a biomarker for IR in these patients. Moreover, metformin as a confounding therapy in metabolic diseases can be used to regulate circulating irisin levels in PCOS women.