bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Vitamin B6 Intake and LDL Levels of CHD
Authors: Ginting Wira Maria , Sembiring Ika Juita 
Published: May 2019

Heart disease results from a continuous process, the heart gradually loses its ability to function normally. Early in the heart disease compensates for its inability to function and maintains normal blood circulation through an enlarged and increased pulse (compensated heart disease) (Inayati, 2014).
The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between vitamin B6 intake and LDL levels in patients with coronary heart disease. This study was observational with a cross sectional design. Data on vitamin B6 intake obtained by the food recall method for 3 days. Data processing is done by person correlation test.
The results showed that vitamin B6 intake of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients in hospitals. Dr. Pringadi Medan is 60% good and 35% is not good. Chronic LDL levels vary, 10% are normal, 65% are mid and 25% are high. The results of statistical tests showed that there was no relationship between vitamin B6 intake and LDL levels.
TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN REMAJA PUTERI TENTANG ANEMIA GIZI BESI DI SMA DHARMA BHAKTI MEDAN
Authors: Pebrianthy Lola , Agussana Dewi , Friska Era 
Published: May 2019

In the stage of growth and development, adolescence is the stage where a person experiences a transition to adulthood. Nutritional needs in adolescents are higher than the age of the child. Increased nutritional requirements in adolescence were energy, protein, calcium, iron and zinc. Many problems faced by adolescents related to nutrition and health problems. As for the problems that were usually experienced in the teenage phase are Obesity and Anemia. Anemia is a condition when the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells was below normal. In women, normal hemoglobin is 12-16 gr percent and erythrocytes 3.5-4.5 million / mm3. Many things could be factors anemia, one of the causes was a lack of iron (Fe) so called iron deficiency anemia or iron nutritional anemia.
This research was descriptive by using primary data obtained through the use of questionnaires where the sample used was total sampling from the entire population, namely 32 female students of SMA Dharma Bhakti Medan. In this research found the majority of respondents had a sufficient level of knowledge as many as 27 people (84.37%).
For this reason, it was expected that the SMA Dharma Bhakti Medan students can expand their knowledge, especially about Iron Nutrition Anemia to find out the signs and symptoms of Iron Nutrition Anemia in order to prevent the occurrence of cases of Iron Nutrition Anemia in young women.
La RSE des PME au Cameroun : un discours entre processus sociaux et pratiques de gestion
Authors: Etogo Gabriel 
Published: May 2019

Cet article questionne le processus d’intégration des processus sociaux dans les pratiques de gestion à partir du constat de la vague de responsabilisation des entreprises et d’un regard renouvelé sur le concept d’efficacité de l’entreprise. En mobilisant une analyse qualitative basée sur une approche contextualiste, l’article insiste sur la dimension significative des discours des dirigeants. Les enseignements tirés de ces discours établissent que si la question de la RSE est devenue un sujet majeur des stratégies des entreprises au Cameroun depuis quelques années, les mutations sociopolitiques en cours remettent en cause l’analyse économique de l’efficacité de l’entreprise. En sorte que les pratiques de RSE des PME relèvent d’une forme de « solidarité communautaire africaine » mouvante.
Impact de la mise en œuvre d’une réforme organisationnelle sur la perception du contrat psychologique par les enseignants-chercheurs
Authors: Diard Caroline , Hachard Virginie 
Published: May 2019

Le contrat de travail détermine la relation d’emploi et la formalise. Il crée des obligations réciproques. La notion de réciprocité est également un des éléments fondateurs du contrat psychologique (Rousseau, 1990). Le salarié qui, au cours de l’exécution de son contrat de travail, perçoit une situation comme équitable aura tendance à accroitre sa contribution. Lors d’une réforme organisationnelle, quelles sont les conséquences de l’évolution des promesses de l’employeur sur l’engagement et l’implication des enseignants-chercheurs (EC) ? Cette étude exploratoire de 12 entretiens d’EC au sein d’une Business-School (BS) confronte les attentes individuelles aux promesses de l’organisation et détermine à travers la théorie du contrat psychologique et de la justice organisationnelle, l’évolution des comportements individuels. Ce travail démontre que les EC se sentent engagés dans une organisation qui a honoré ses promesses notamment en matière d’autonomie octroyée.
Les réseaux sociaux internes d’entreprise comme dispositifs ascendants de promotion de l’égalité professionnelle F/H : 2 exemples du secteur informatique
Authors: Scotto Marie-José , Tiffon Hervé 
Published: May 2019

Les réseaux se développent de manière significative et acquièrent une visibilité particulière avec leur déclinaison en réseaux sociaux. Ces réseaux sociaux s’intègrent dans le corps social de l’entreprise sous forme de Réseaux Sociaux Internes aux organisations (RSI). Comment expliquer cette évolution ? Quels sont les apports de ces réseaux aux organisations et aux personnes qui y travaillent, notamment en termes d’échanges, de remontées d’information et de management ascendant dans les entreprises. Notre travail s’appuiera sur une synthèse des recherches, puis étudiera deux RSI dans des groupes mondiaux du secteur de l’informatique. La spécificité de ces réseaux est qu’ils se sont créés dans un objectif de promotion des femmes dans un univers technique « masculin ». Cette recherche exploratoire aborde ainsi une double problématique, une problématique de processus (les RSI) et une problématique de contenu (l’égalité professionnelle Femmes/Hommes) par l’étude de ces réseaux internes féminins. La recherche entreprise sur deux RSI représente le début d’un travail portant sur cette thématique.
Espionnage industriel : protections, outils de gestion et perspectives ?
Authors: Fane Oumar , Feige Jimmy 
Published: May 2019

Si les secrets de fabrication des romains étaient convoités par les celtes, et ceux des chinois par les perses (Carlton, 1992), l’espionnage industriel – phénomène ancien (Coskun Samli et Jacobs, 2003) – a relativement peu été traité par les scientifiques. Or, les entreprises s’exposent à des pertes potentielles en termes de réputation et d’avantages concurrentiels lorsque les secrets commerciaux sont compromis (OCDE, 2014). En l’occurrence, une entreprise sur cinq a été victime d’au moins une tentative de violation de ses secrets d’affaires ces dix dernières années ; et une sur quatre aurait signalé un vol d’informations en 2013, contre 18 % en 2012 (Commission européenne 2013). Après avoir clarifié le concept d’espionnage industriel en mettant en exergue les travaux effectués, nous ferons un inventaire des outils et méthodes de protection contre l’espionnage industriel dans les entreprises. Nous discuterons alors des vides et lacunes relevés dans ce domaine de gestion ; et du processus de contrôle de gestion envisageable à partir des travaux menés par Simons.
État des lieux de la négociation collective européenne au niveau interprofessionnel
Authors: Michéa Frédérique 
Published: May 2019

L’étude propose de dresser un état des lieux du dialogue social européen au niveau interprofessionnel. Sur le plan procédural, les mécanismes de ce dialogue visés dans les traités ont offert aux partenaires sociaux de solides garanties permettant l’expression de leurs intérêts dans le système juridique de l’Union. Sur le plan du contenu, la richesse des accords négociés doit être soulignée. Toutefois, les perspectives du dialogue social européen doivent être appréhendées à l’aune de deux risques spécifiques : d’une part, la concurrence de cadres conventionnels sur lesquels les syndicats ont une prise limitée, et d’autre part des dispositifs d’éviction potentielle du dialogue social dont le programme REFIT de la Commission est particulièrement emblématique.
Le dialogue social européen et les ambivalences de l’Europe sociale « triple A »
Authors: Degryse Christophe 
Published: May 2019

Après avoir connu une période où les partenaires sociaux européens étaient appelés à contribuer par leurs négociations collectives à la construction d’une dimension sociale européenne, aujourd’hui des changements parfois inattendus font obstacle au développement du dialogue social européen. Le niveau interprofessionnel est affaibli par une confusion sur l’objectif même du dialogue social et ses instruments : forum de discussion pour échanger au sujet des réformes structurelles des marchés du travail (selon les employeurs), ou lieu de négociation collective en vue de créer des normes sociales améliorant les conditions de vie et de travail (selon les syndicats et… les traités). Le niveau sectoriel est quant à lui victime d’un changement inattendu d’attitude de la Commission européenne elle-même. Celle-ci fait désormais obstacle à un dialogue pouvant déboucher sur des normes juridiques contraignantes, au nom – ou sous le prétexte – d’une réglementation « affûtée et performante ». Ainsi, le blocage persistant sur le destin des accords du dialogue social sectoriel contribue à ternir l’objectif proclamé de triple A social par la Commission Juncker.
Deploying evidence-based research for socio-economic development policies in Nigeria
Authors: Yagboyaju Dhikru A. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Society’s socio-economic development process, which covers ways and means of ensuring the well-being and self-actualisation of the generality of the citizens, requires viable and implementable policies.Aim: This article analyses the interconnections between evidence-based research, adequate policies and societal advancement in many parts of the developed world, as well as the underperformance in societies with obvious research–policy gaps.Setting: Using Nigeria as country of study, it focuses attention on how evidence-based research could be deployed more effectively for improved livelihood.Methods: Data are drawn from historical and contemporary documentary secondary sources. This is complemented by the analyses of selected documented interviews and special reports on aspects of society, economy and politics in the country. The article’s framework of analysis draws strength from a combination of role and ecological theories, though it adopts an interpretative research methodology.Results: It finds out that the ecology of public policies in Nigeria plays a critical role in the gap that exists between policy formulation and implementation.Conclusion: In its conclusion and recommendations, the article draws examples of best practices from around the world.
A tax compliance risk profile of guesthouse owners in Soweto, South Africa
Authors: Bornman Marina , Ramutumbu Pusheletso 
Published: May 2019

Background: A conceptual framework to assess the particular tax situation of small business owners identifies three key aspects that distinguish small business owners’ perceptions of their tax obligation. These aspects are: they are likely to perceive more opportunities not to comply than employed taxpayers; they are likely to lack meaningful taxation knowledge and they are likely to frame the paying of taxes as a loss.Aim: The aim of this article was to sketch a tax compliance risk profile of guest house owners in Soweto to suggest strategies to negate those factors that may negatively influence their compliance behaviour.Setting: Tax compliance is a priority for tax administrations, especially in developing countries such as South Africa where small businesses are a high compliance risk group. Small guest houses’ income is usually variable and/or cash-based and not easily verifiable against third-party data, which creates a high risk of non-compliance.Methods: A mixed methods research approach was followed. Empirical evidence in the form of semi-structured questionnaires administered face-to-face with 23 guest house owners in Soweto was statistically and thematically analysed to compile a profile of the tax compliance risk according to the framework for tax compliance behaviour of small business owners.Results: Factors such as age, gender and tax morale show favourable results for tax compliant behaviour. However, perceptions of fairness, perceived opportunity for non-compliance, knowledge deficits, decision frames, industry, business size and social norms embrace a high risk of non-compliance for this population.Conclusion: Information pointing out the factors that could negatively influence tax compliance behaviour in this population was obtained. Strategies for empowering small business owners to comply voluntarily with their tax obligations are suggested and include, for example, taxpayer education and improved communication efforts from the revenue authority.
Netwerksturing
Authors: IJssels Karen , Mathijssen Suzan 
Published: May 2019

Netwerksturing
In dit artikel gaan we in op de aanleiding voor het onderzoek dat wij in 2016 uitvoerden naar het programma Stad en Regio van de provincie Gelderland en de uitkomsten van het onderzoek. Daarnaast laten we zien hoe we hebben ingezet op de doorwerking van het onderzoek, ook buiten het provinciehuis. Die doorwerking leidde uiteindelijk tot het winnen van de Goudvink, de prijs voor het beste rekenkamerrapport.
De stand van de stelselherziening: de parlementaire behandeling als opmaat naar een zorgvuldige invoering
Authors: de Vos H.W. (Wilco) 
Published: May 2019

De stand van de stelselherziening: de parlementaire behandeling als opmaat naar een zorgvuldige invoering
In deze bijdrage gaat de auteur in op de voortgang van de stelselherziening omgevingsrecht (de Omgevingswet). In deze aflevering staat het proces centraal van de parlementaire behandeling van de voorstellen voor de Invoeringswet en de Aanvullingswetten bodem, natuur, geluid en grondeigendom.
On strong approximation by modified Meyer-K"onig and Zeller operators
Authors: Rempulska L. , Skorupka M. 
Published: May 2019

We introduce certain modified Meyer-K"onig and Zeller operators $ M_{n;r} $ in the space of $r $-th times differentiable functions $ f $ and we study strong differences $ H_{n;r}^q(f) $ for them. This note is motivated by results on strong approximation connected with Fourier series ([7]).
Macular and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Changes in Adolescent Patients after Cataract Surgery
Authors: Siddique Mir Alam , Dev Sarma Arup Jyoti , Hasan Kamal , Sultana Nasima , Ahmed Sultana Jesmin 
Published: May 2019

Purpose:
This study analyzed macular thickness (FMT) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) following phaco-aspiration (PHACO) and small incision cataract surgery (SICS) in adolescent eyes.

Methods:
Macular thickness and RNFL thickness were measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 52 eyes who underwent PHACO or SICS surgery. OCT measurements were done preoperatively, and on 1st, 14th, 42nd, 84th and 168th postoperative days. Eyes with any other diseases were excluded. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the parameters.

Results:
The FMT and RNFL thicknesses were found to be higher postoperatively. The SICS group had significantly higher macular thickness (233.06 ± 31.23 µm) than the PHACO group (227.33 ± 28.25 µm) on the 42nd day. The RNFL thickness in SICS was significantly higher than in PHACO and highest on the 84th postoperative day, with mean average value 95.04 ± 16.61 µm and 91.98 ± 18.22 µm respectively.

Conclusions:
This study shows that cataract surgery increases the macular and RNFL thickness. These increases are significantly higher in the SICS than in PHACO eyes on the 42nd day after surgery, which resolves gradually towards 168th day after surgery. This indicates that phaco aspiration is more preferable surgery then SICS in adolescents with regard to postoperative increase in macular and RNFL thickness.
Success Rate of Primary Probing in Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction in Different Age Groups
Authors: Chhipa Pratistha , Sahai Anshu , Trivedi Gopal Krishna , Tyagi Lokendra , Shamshad Mohammad Abid , Gupta Shalini 
Published: May 2019

Aim:
To study the success rate and safety of primary probing for Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction (CLNDO) at various ages and to analyse the outcome of probing in different types of obstruction.

Setting and Design:
A hospital-based, prospective, interventional study.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred twelve eyes of 97 children with CNLDO in the age group of 6 to 48 months with history of epiphora (fulfilling the inclusion criteria) were included. After unsuccessful lacrimal sac massage and topical antibiotics instillation for 6 weeks or more, probing was performed under general anaesthesia by a single surgeon.

Statistical Analysis:
Bivariate analysis with selected socio demographic variables like age, sex etc was performed among groups using Chi square test.

Results:
The most common type of obstruction found on probing was membranous in 98 eyes (87.5%) and osseous in 14 eyes (12.5%). The overall success rate of primary probing in CNLDO in our study was 85.71% (95% CI: 77.8-91.6, p<0.0001). The highest success rate of 96.77% was found in the age group 6-12 months and lowest success rate of 50% was found in the age group of 24-36 months (95% CI:23.0-76.9, p=1) and 36-48 months (95% CI:1.2-98.7, p=1). This depicts that the success rate of probing decreases as the age of patient at the time of primary probing increases.

Conclusion:
As the age of children increases, the incidence of osseous type of obstruction increases, resulting in lower success rate in the older age group.
Long Term Follow Up Results of Pterygium Excision with Conjunctival Autograft using Fibrin Glue: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Veluri Haritha , Alla Stimitha , Potti Sudhakar , Khatib Nadim Liyakat 
Published: May 2019

Purpose:
To determine the long term follow up results and recurrence rates after pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft using fibrin glue.

Methods:
A total of 1439 eyes operated for pterygium were retrospectively evaluated for recurrence rates and postoperative complications. Of 1434 patients, 1346 had primary pterygium, of which 1276 had nasal pterygium and 70 patients had both nasal and temporal pterygium, 93 patients had recurrent pterygium. All patients were operated using conjunctival autograft using fibrin glue and followed up for recurrences. Only cases with minimum of 6 months follow up were included in the study.

Results:
The mean recurrence rate in the primary pterygium group was 0.89% (n=12 of1346) and in the recurrent pterygium group, it was 12.9% (n=12 of 93). An overwhelming majority of conjunctival grafts were secured adequately with fibrin glue, with postoperative complications like graft displacement noted in only 0.48%(n=7). Other complications like donor site granuloma were noted in 2.36% (n=34) patients.

Conclusion:
Use of fibrin glue for securing conjunctival autografts reduces recurrence rates significantly and is safe due to fewer postoperative complications.
A Correlation of Glycemic Index and Macular Thickness After Phacoemulsification in Diabetics
Authors: Sethia Rajni , Mehta Parin K , Kothari Raghunandan , Desai Vivan , Soni Avani 
Published: May 2019

Purpose:
To study the relationship between HbA1c and macular thickness using Optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods:
Prospective cohort study where 50 eyes of type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients with mild to moderate Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) were included. They underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery and were divided into 3 groups based on HbA1c levels - Group 1: <6.5%, Group 2: 6.5% - 8% and group 3: >8%. Nine macular subfields as defined by Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy study (ETDRS) were measured using OCT The HbA1c level of each patient was measured and compared with the macular thickness as well as visual acuity.

Result:
No correlation of HbA1c level and central foveal thickness was found in our study (p=0.554). The change in visual acuity also had no correlation with HbA1c (p>0.05). There was a significant increase in central foveal thickness at 1 month postoperatively, irrespective of HbA1c level (p=0.002, p=0.001, p=0.005).

Conclusion:
HbA1c has no impact on central foveal thickness or BCVA. Diabetics undergoing phacoemulsification show a change in central foveal thickness post operative but that may not necessarily be due to uncontrolled diabetes.
A Color Doppler Imaging Study of Ocular Haemodynamic Parameters in Normal Tension Glaucoma
Authors: Raini Atif Rahman , Ashraf Humayoun , Ashraf Mohd , Khalid Mohd , Siddiqui Ziya , Maroof Mohd 
Published: May 2019

Context:
Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is a multifactorial optic neuropathy characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell death and glaucomatous visual field loss, even though the intraocular pressure (IOP) does not exceed the normal range.

Aim:
To evaluate the retrobulbar hemodynamic parameters in NTG patients by Color Doppler Imaging (CDI).

Settings and Design:
It was a hospital based cross-sectional institutional study carried out in the Medical College Out Patient Department (OPD).

Materials and Methods:
Twenty patients with untreated NTG (mean age 53.27 ± 11.11 years) and 23 healthy volunteers (mean age 49.39 ± 9.56 years) were included in a prospective cross-sectional institutional study. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistivity index (RI = (PSV-EDV)/PSV) of the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA) and short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCA) were measured by means of CDI.

Statistical Analysis:
Mean, standard deviation (SD) and Independent t-test was applied.

Results:
Patients with NTG showed significantly decreased PSV (P<0.001) and EDV (P<0.001) of the OA, significantly decreased PSV (P= 0.017) and EDV (P = 0.046) of the CRA, and significant decrease in EDV (P = 0.018) of SPCA. All the three vessels showed significantly increased RI; OA (P = 0.036), CRA (P = 0.008) and SPCA (P = 0.033).

Conclusions:
We found decreased flow and increased resistivity index in the ocular vasculature in NTG and CDI may provide an effective and non-invasive method to evaluate vascular component in glaucoma.
Correlation Between Serum Lipids and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: A Clinical Study
Authors: Dube Mihika , Chhawania P.K. , Shukla Abha , Kujur Rashmi , Tiwari U.S. 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Intraocular pressure is the primary risk factor. But in spite of control of intraocular pressure, some cases progress which strengthens the view that there must be other independent risk factors in pathogenesis of glaucoma. Serums lipids have been found to be associated with glaucoma in few studies. We carried out the present study to study the relation between serum lipids and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG).

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted on 40 patients with POAG and 40 individuals without glaucoma (controls). Ophthalmic examination was performed in all the patients and fasting lipid profile including total cholesterol, triglycerides, Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) and High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) were measured and analysed between the cases and controls.

Results:
Level of total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and LDL were significantly higher in cases than in controls with p value < 0.05. Level of HDL was lower in cases than in controls but it was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Dyslipidemia is an independent risk factor for POAG. High serum cholesterol, high serum triglycerides and high serum LDL correlate significantly with POAG.