bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary mucormycosis with diaphragm and liver involvement in a patient with haematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Leung Jason Hongting , Chew Khong-Yik , Chung Alexander Yaw-Fui , Koh Tina Puay Theng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Pulmonary mucormycosis is a rare but life-threatening fungal infection. We report a post-haematopoietic stem cell transplant patient with pulmonary mucormycosis that extended to the diaphragm and subphrenic space. He underwent lung and diaphragm resection, debridement of liver capsule and diaphragm reconstruction using a pedicled latissimus dorsi flap. Following surgery, the patient remained well and has resumed his regular daily activities.
The GL4 Rapoport–Zink Space
Authors: Fox Maria 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We give a description of the $\textrm{GL}_4$ Rapoport–Zink space, including the connected components, irreducible components, intersection behavior of the irreducible components, and Ekedahl–Oort stratification. As an application of this, we also give a description of the supersingular locus of the Shimura variety for the group $\textrm{GU}(2,2)$ over a prime split in the relevant imaginary quadratic field.
Measuring Situational Anxiety Related to Information Retrieval on the Web Among English-Speaking Internet Users
Authors: Rodon Carole , Congard Anne 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Searching for information on the web is regarded as a complex problem-solving activity involving a range of cognitive and affective processes. Anxiety is a key affective factor. In this article, we describe the construction and initial validation stages of the Information Retrieval on the Web Anxiety Rate (IROWAR) scale. The final structure of this inventory was validated with a sample of 183 English-speaking Internet users. Reliability analyses indicated that the factors were internally consistent (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.92). When we checked divergent validity, we found negative correlations with both self-efficacy and positive attitude towards the Internet. There were no effects of either sex or age on the total IROWAR score, but the Internet search anxiety sum score decreased with the length of use. This scale will be useful in several domains, including research on the determinants of web anxiety, individuals’ experience of web anxiety and ways of supporting them and Internet learning.
Influence of the tree prior and sampling scale on Bayesian phylogenetic estimates of the origin times of language families
Authors: Ritchie Andrew M , Ho Simon Y W 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBayesian phylogenetic methods derived from evolutionary biology can be used to reconstruct the history of human languages using databases of cognate words. These analyses have produced exciting results regarding the origins and dispersal of linguistic and cultural groups through prehistory. Bayesian lexical dating requires the specification of priors on all model parameters. This includes the use of a prior on divergence times, often combined with a prior on tree topology and referred to as a tree prior. Violation of the underlying assumptions of the tree prior can lead to an erroneous estimate of the timescale of language evolution. To investigate these impacts, we tested the sensitivity of Bayesian dating to the tree prior in analyses of four lexical data sets. Our results show that estimates of the origin times of language families are robust to the choice of tree prior for lexical data, though less so than when Bayesian phylogenetic methods are used to analyse genetic data sets. We also used the relative fit of speciation and coalescent tree priors to determine the ability of speciation models to describe language diversification at four different taxonomic levels. We found that speciation priors were preferred over a constant-size coalescent prior regardless of taxonomic scale. However, data sets with narrower taxonomic and geographic sampling exhibited a poorer fit to ideal birth–death model expectations. Our results encourage further investigation into the nature of language diversification at different sampling scales.
Tracing black hole and galaxy co-evolution in the Romulus simulations
Authors: Ricarte Angelo , Tremmel Michael , Natarajan Priyamvada , Quinn Thomas 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We study the link between supermassive black hole growth and the stellar mass assembly of their host galaxies in the state-of-the-art Romulus suite of simulations. The cosmological simulations Romulus25 and RomulusC employ innovative recipes for the seeding, accretion, and dynamics of black holes in the field and cluster environments, respectively. We find that the black hole accretion rate traces the star formation rate among star-forming galaxies. This result holds for stellar masses between 108 and 1012 solar masses, with a very weak dependence on host halo mass or redshift. The inferred relation between accretion rate and star formation rate does not appear to depend on environment, as no difference is seen in the cluster/proto-cluster volume compared to the field. A model including the star formation rate, the black hole-to-stellar mass ratio, and the cold gas fraction can explain about 70 per cent of all variations in the black hole accretion rate among star-forming galaxies. Finally, bearing in mind the limited volume and resolution of these cosmological simulations, we find no evidence for a connection between black hole growth and galaxy mergers, on any time-scale and at any redshift. Black holes and their galaxies assemble in tandem in these simulations, regardless of the larger scale intergalactic environment, suggesting that black hole growth simply follows star formation on galactic scales.
Quantifying the impact of variable BLR diffuse continuum contributions on measured continuum interband delays
Authors: Korista K T , Goad M R 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We investigate the contribution of reprocessed continuum emission (1000–10 000 Å) originating in broad-line region (BLR) gas, the diffuse continuum (DC), to the wavelength-dependent continuum delays measured in AGN disc reverberation mapping experiments. Assuming a spherical BLR geometry, we adopt a Local Optimally emitting Cloud (LOC) model for the BLR that approximately reproduces the broad emission-line strengths of the strongest UV lines (Ly α and C iv) in NGC 5548. Within this LOC framework, we explore how assumptions about the gas hydrogen density and column density distributions influence flux and delay spectra of the DC. We find that: (i) models which match well measured emission-line luminosities and time delays also produce a significant DC component, (ii) increased $\rm {\mathit{ n}_H}$ and/or $\rm {\mathit{ N}_H}$, particularly at smaller BLR radii, result in larger DC luminosities and reduced DC delays, (iii) in a given continuum band the relative importance of the DC component to the measured interband delays is proportional (though not 1:1) to its fractional contribution to the total light in that band, (iv) the measured DC delays and DC variability amplitude depend also on the variability amplitude and characteristic variability time-scale of the driving continuum, (v) the DC radial surface emissivity distributions F(r) approximate power laws in radius with indices close to −2 (≈1:1 response to variations in the driving continuum flux), thus their physics is relatively simple and less sensitive to the unknown geometry and uncertainties in radiative transfer. Finally, we provide a simple recipe for estimating the DC contribution in disc reverberation mapping experiments.
Outflowing gas in a compact ionization cone in the Seyfert 2 galaxy ESO 153-G20
Authors: Soto-Pinto Pamela , Nagar Neil M , Finlez Carolina , Ramakrishnan Venkatessh , Muñoz-Vergara Dania , Slater Roy , Humire Pedro K , Storchi-Bergmann Thaisa , Lena Davide , Kraemer Steven B , Fischer Travis C , Schmitt Henrique R , Riffel Rogemar A , Schnorr-Müller Allan , Robinson Andrew , Crenshaw D Michael , Elvis Martin S 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We present two-dimensional ionized gas and stellar kinematics in the inner 1.4 × 1.9 kpc2 of the Seyfert 2 galaxy ESO 153-G20 obtained with the Gemini-South/Gemini multi-object spectrograph integral field unit (GMOS-IFU) at a spatial resolution of ~250 pc and spectral resolution of 36 km s−1. Strong [O iii], Hα, [N ii] and [S ii] emission lines are detected over the entire field of view. The stellar kinematics trace circular rotation with a projected velocity amplitude of ±96 km s−1, a kinematic major axis in position angle of 11°, and an average velocity dispersion of 123 km s−1. To analyse the gas kinematics, we used aperture spectra, position–velocity diagrams and single/double Gaussian fits to the emission lines. All lines show two clear kinematic components: a rotating component that follows the stellar kinematics, and a larger-dispersion component, close to the systemic velocity (from which most of the [O iii] emission comes), mainly detected to the south-west. We interpret this second component as gas outflowing at ∼400 km s−1 in a compact (300 pc) ionization cone with a half-opening angle ≤40°. The counter-cone is probably obscured behind a dust lane. We estimate a mass outflow rate of 1.1 M$\odot$ yr−1, 200 times larger than the estimated accretion rate on to the supermassive black hole, and a kinetic to radiative power ratio of 1.7 × 10−3. Bar-induced perturbations probably explain the remaining disturbances observed in the velocity field of the rotating gas component.
Exploring galaxy dark matter haloes across redshifts with strong quasar absorbers
Authors: Christensen L , Møller P , Rhodin N H P , Heintz K E , Fynbo J P U 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Quasar lines of sight intersect intervening galaxy discs or circumgalactic environments at random impact parameters and potential well depths. Absorption line velocity widths (Δv90) are known to scale with host galaxy stellar masses, and inversely with the projected separation from the quasar line of sight. Its dependence on stellar mass can be eliminated by normalizing with the emission-line widths of the host galaxies, σem, so that absorbers with a range of Δv90 values can be compared directly. Using a sample of DLA systems at 0.2 <z < 3.2 with spectroscopically confirmed host galaxies, we find that the velocity ratio Δv90/σem decreases with projected distances from the hosts. We compare the data with expectations of line-of-sight velocity dispersions derived for different dark matter halo mass distributions, and find that models with steeper radial dark matter profiles provide a better fit to the observations, although the scatter remains large. Gas outflows from the galaxies may cause an increased scatter, or scale radii of dark matter halo models may not be representative for the galaxies. We demonstrate by computing virial velocities, that metal-rich DLAs that belong to massive galaxy haloes (Mhalo ≈ 1012 M⊙) mostly remain gravitationally bound to the haloes.
Planetary systems in a star cluster I: the Solar system scenario
Authors: Flammini Dotti Francesco , Kouwenhoven M B N , Cai Maxwell Xu , Spurzem Rainer 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTYoung stars are mostly found in dense stellar environments, and even our own Solar system may have formed in a star cluster. Here, we numerically explore the evolution of planetary systems similar to our own Solar system in star clusters. We investigate the evolution of planetary systems in star clusters. Most stellar encounters are tidal, hyperbolic, and adiabatic. A small fraction of the planetary systems escape from the star cluster within 50 Myr; those with low escape speeds often remain intact during and after the escape process. While most planetary systems inside the star cluster remain intact, a subset is strongly perturbed during the first 50 Myr. Over the course of time, $0.3\!-\!5.3{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the planets escape, sometimes up to tens of millions of years after a stellar encounter occurred. Survival rates are highest for Jupiter, while Uranus and Neptune have the highest escape rates. Unless directly affected by a stellar encounter itself, Jupiter frequently serves as a barrier that protects the terrestrial planets from perturbations in the outer planetary system. In low-density environments, Jupiter provides protection from perturbations in the outer planetary system, while in high-density environments, direct perturbations of Jupiter by neighbouring stars is disruptive to habitable-zone planets. The diversity amongst planetary systems that is present in the star clusters at 50 Myr, and amongst the escaping planetary systems, is high, which contributes to explaining the high diversity of observed exoplanet systems in star clusters and in the Galactic field.
Not so different after all: properties and spatial structure of column density peaks in the pipe and Orion A clouds
Authors: Román-Zúñiga Carlos G , Alfaro Emilio , Palau Aina , Hasenberger Birgit , Alves João F , Lombardi Marco , Sánchez G Paloma S 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a comparative study of the physical properties and the spatial distribution of column density peaks in two giant molecular clouds (GMCs), the Pipe Nebula and Orion A, which exemplify opposite cases of star cluster formation stages. The density peaks were extracted from dust extinction maps constructed from Herschel/SPIRE far-infrared images. We compare the distribution functions for dust temperature, mass, equivalent radius, and mean volume density of peaks in both clouds, and made a more fair comparison by isolating the less active Tail region in Orion A and by convolving the Pipe Nebula map to simulate placing it at a distance similar to that of the Orion Complex. The peak mass distributions for Orion A, the Tail, and the convolved Pipe have similar ranges, sharing a maximum near 5 M⊙ and a similar power-law drop above 10 M⊙. Despite the clearly distinct evolutive stage of the clouds, there are very important similarities in the physical and spatial distribution properties of the column density peaks, pointing to a scenario where they form as a result of uniform fragmentation of filamentary structures across the various scales of the cloud, with density being the parameter leading the fragmentation, and with clustering being a direct result of thermal fragmentation at different spatial scales. Our work strongly supports the idea that the formation of clusters in GMC could be the result of the primordial organization of pre-stellar material.
“Dynamic Dualism”: Kurth and Riemann on Music Theory and the Mind
Authors: Tan Daphne 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article examines Ernst Kurth’s critical engagement with the ideas of Hugo Riemann and his eventual reformulation of harmonic dualism in dynamic terms. The principle of “dynamic dualism” appears most cogently in Musikpsychologie ([1931] 1947). After discussing the broader psychological movement within which this book emerged, I outline the aims and audience of Musikpsychologie and provide a detailed discussion of the dynamic dualism Kurth articulates therein. I then return to the origin of Kurth’s fascination with dualism, namely to Riemann, tracing points of intersection between the two figures across several decades. I suggest that Kurth’s displeasure with Riemann’s theories is symptomatic of a broader philosophical disagreement over the explanatory power of music theory and its relation to psychology at the time.
Six-Year Response of Northern Hardwoods to the Selection System
Authors: Mader Stephen F. , Nyland Ralph D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
During 6 years following selection cutting, three northern hardwood stands grew 2.8 to 3.3 square feet in basal area and 316 to 332 board feet (Int.) per acre per year. Over two-thirds of the volume accrued on trees at least 16 inches dbh. Individual trees grew most rapidly at lowest residual basal areas, with growth of small trees most sensitive to differences in stand density. Irregularities in the diameter distribution became less distinct during the 6 years. About 60 to 70% of the regeneration was of commercial species, and more than 316 seedlings per acre grew to heights of at least 6 feet. Most plots with 6-foot regeneration had advance seedlings at least 1 foot tall at the time of cutting. Results confirm the validity of the selection system, and indicate that uneven-aged northern hardwood stands with a reasonably well-balanced diameter distribution can be repeatedly cut at 12- to 15-year intervals to a constant, optimum diameter distribution. North. J. Appl. For. 1:87-91, Dec. 1984.
Volume and Value Growth of Hardwood Trees in Wisconsin
Authors: Buongiorno Joseph , Hseu Jiing-Shyang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The volume of healthy trees of commercial size in the maple-birch forest type measured during the last two Forest Inventory Analysis surveys of Wisconsin grew at 2 to 3%/yr for sawtimber, and 3 to 4% for poletimber, with substantial differences among species. However, from 1967 to 1989, the real price of logs decreased or remained constant for most grades and species. The decrease was especially large for high grade logs. The only exceptions were red oak and elm, whose prices increased at 1 to 2%/yr, for all grades. As a result, the average value growth rate of the trees that did not improve in grade was a modest 2%/yr, and not different from zero at a 5% significance level. Holding high grade trees led to substantial losses. Red oak and elm provided good returns because of favorable price trends, and quaking aspen because of its fast volume growth. Among the worst financial performers were hard and soft maple and yellow birch, the most numerous trees in the sample. A simple equation was derived to predict volume growth rates as a function of tree diameter, site index, crown ratio, stand basal area, crown dominance, and tree species. Although these variables did influence volume growth, suggesting that silvicultural practices could be beneficial, they explained only a small part of volume growth, and less of value growth. The future of commercial forestry in Wisconsin depends at least as much on policies that will develop markets and obtain good prices as on improved silviculture. North. J. Appl. For. 10(2): 63-69.
Response of Suppressed White Pine Saplings to Release During Shelterwood Cutting
Authors: Kelty Matthew J. , Entcheva Petya K. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The need for herbicide control of hardwood understories is widely recognized for successful regeneration of white pine, because of the slow height growth of pine seedlings; however, it is often not carried out in the low-investment silviculture frequently practiced in New England. This study examined the ability of suppressed white pine saplings to respond to release following a shelterwood establishment cut where no hardwood control was done. Measurements of regeneration were made 11 yr after cutting in a mature pine-oak stand on a till soil in central Massachusetts. Pine seedlings established after the cut were surpassed in height by hardwood seedling and sprout growth. Older suppressed pine saplings which predated the establishment cut (10 to 38 yr old at the time of the cut, with mean heights of 0.4 to 2.0 m) quickly responded to release and grew to mean heights of 3.8 to 5.1 m 11 yr after cutting; these were within 1.5 m of the height of the tallest hardwoods. Retention of older pine saplings during shelterwood establishment cutting may provide a way of maintaining a white pine component in newly regenerated stands, particularly where herbicide control of hardwood competition is not planned. North. J. Appl. For. 11(1):166-169.
Performance of Japanese and Hybrid Larch Progenies in Pennsylvania
Authors: Zaczek James J. , Steiner Kim C. , Shipman R. D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Two series of larch progeny tests were established at three locations in Pennsylvania in the spring of 1984. The Penn Orchard series contained progenies of 24 "plus-tree" Japanese larch clones growing in a seed orchard in Pennsylvania, two production seedlots of Japanese larch, and two lots of Japanese x European larch hybrids. The Westvaco test contained 5 hybrid seedlots and 15 seedlots of Japanese larch originating from 9 seed orchards (including Penn "A" Orchard), 5 plantations, and one natural stand. After 7 yr, only one site was clearly ideal for Japanese larch, having produced both rapid growth (0.83 and 0.99 m/yr) and high survival. Survival or growth was considerably lower at the other two sites, probably because of both seasonally excessive and deficient soil moisture. Hybrid lots were significantly shorter than others at the best site; they tended to survive significantly better than Japanese larch at the other two sites, but they did not necessarily grow taller. Progenies from seed orchards were not significantly faster growing than those from plantations or natural stands (Westvaco test); and progenies from select trees in the Penn Orchard test were not significantly faster growing than production lots. Although genetic effects on 7 yr height were significant in most individual plantations, few seedlots could be statistically distinguished as superior or inferior in growth rate. Seedlot pedigree had much less influence on growth rate or survival than did choice of site. North. J. Appl. For. 11(2):53-57.
Three Basal Area Level Harvest Trials in Uneven-Aged Northern Hardwoods
Authors: Orr Blair D. , Reed David D. , Mroz Glenn D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Beginning in 1958, northern hardwood stands with initial basal areas ranging from 93 to 106 ft²/ac were harvested to residual basal areas of 70, 55, and 40 ft²/ac. Subsequent harvests of the stands over a 32-yr period illustrated potential treatments available to absentee owners of similar stands in small woodlots. In all cases stand quality improved and stand structure became more balanced, with a decrease in the number of trees greater than 20 in. dbh. At discount rates of 2% to 4%, economic returns were greatest for the 70 ft² treatment with a 10 yr cutting cycle. At discount rates of 6, 8, and 10%, the 55 and 40 ft² treatments with 18-and 22-yr cutting cycles, respectively, outperformed the 70 ft² treatment due to greater volume removed during the first (1958) harvest. North. J. Appl. For. 11(4):117-123.
The Effects of Full-Tree and Tree-Length Harvests on Natural Regeneration
Authors: McInnis Bryce G. , Roberts Mark R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Changes in density and stocking of natural regeneration were analyzed for paired full-tree (delimbed off-site) and tree-length (delimbed on-site) clearcuts applied side by side in three mixed stands. No special effort was made to preserve advance regeneration. Three-stand means indicated larger advance softwood regeneration losses on the tree-length sites during harvests, suggesting greater direct mechanical damage, but larger softwood losses occurred on the full-tree sites during the first summer after harvests, suggesting a more stressful postharvest environment. After 1 yr, losses of advance spruce and fir did not differ significantly between treatments within stands. Recruitment of intolerant and intermediate hardwoods was greater after the full-tree harvests, probably because of higher levels of solar radiation. Results indicate (a) significantly greater densities of intolerant and intermediate hardwoods after full-tree harvests of mixed stands, and (b) that with care taken to preserve advance growth during harvests, advance softwood survival is better when slash is left on cutovers. North. J. Appl. For. 11(4): 131-137.