THE PREVALENCE AND STRUCTURE OF DENTOGNATHIC ANOMALIES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN OF UZHGOROD
Authors: Melnyk V.S. , Horzov L.F. 
Published: July 2019

Violations in the development of the dentognathic aparatus damage not only the health of the child but also adversely affect its adaptation in the social environment.
The aim - to study the prevalence and structure of dentognathic anomalies in primary schoolchildren, which corresponds to the period of mixed bite.
Materials and methods. Dental examination of primary school children of Uzhhorod at the age of 7-11 years was conducted. The medical cards were selected to analyze 267 people, age groups (7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 years). Among them there were 133 (49.8%) boys and 134 (50.2%) girls. Regarding their age, the average value was 9.17 (± 2.06) years. In the course of the dental examination, the prevalence of dental abdominal anomalies in children has been studied and evaluated.
Results of the research and their discussion. A survey of schoolchildren revealed a high prevalence of dentognathic anomalies. An unpleasant surprise was that a high prevalence of dentognathic anomalies was detected in the mixed bite, while at the age of 9 it was 88,1 ± 2,07%. That means that almost every child had one or another bite anomaly or anomalies of the position of the teeth.
Among the number of anomalies, the position of the teeth, their appearance, as diastema, trema, occupies a small part at 7 years olds – 10,44 ± 4,38%, at 8 years olds– 8,10 ± 2,5%, at 9 years olds –7,52 ± 3,23%, at 10 years olds – 3,89 ± 1,81% and at 11 years olds – 4,56 ± 2,22%. It is 2-3 times less than the number of anomalies of the position of other teeth that require more complex treatment.
The prevalence of distal occlusion predominates in most age groups: at 8 years olds – 48.73 ± 4.36%, at 9 years olds – 37.80 ± 6.12%, at 10 years olds – 20.45 ± 4.02%, and at 11 years olds – 10, 53 ± 3.21%, and only at 7 years olds the deep bite occupies the first place (30.72 ± 6.44%).
The number of severe pathologies, such as open and mesial bite, is not too great and they do not occur in all age groups. Their prevalence is: at 8 years olds the bite is open – 5.61 ± 2.12%, mesial – 2.56 ± 1.47%, at 9 years olds open – 7.33 ± 3.28%, mesial is not detected, at 10 years olds – 1,86 ± 1,28% and 1,34 ± 0,86% respectively, at 11 years olds open bite –2,40 ± 1,51%, mesial bite was also not detected.

Conclusion. With the age and development of the child, the number of anomalies increases. The results of the obtained data indicate that the most frequent is deep bite, distal bite and anomalies of the position of the teeth. Some types of anomalies are absent or have a low prevalence rate at early school age, gradually becoming more massive (crossbite, open, mesial bite) in older children. The data we receive eloquently testify to the urgent need for the introduction of programs aimed at early detection and treatment of the above mentioned pathology.
The high prevalence of dentognathic anomalies in the territory of the city of Uzhhorod in children of elementary school age is connected with insufficient provision of skilled personnel at the state level. Dental examinations at school institutions are becoming less frequent, indicating that there are no preventive measures and no treatment.
Timely diagnosis of early forms of dentognathic anomalies can correct violations and ensure the normal development of the dentognathic system. Therefore, the role of early diagnosis and prevention of dental anomalies is extremely important.