bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a management competency assessment tool for health service managers
Authors: Howard Peter F. , Liang Zhanming , Leggat Sandra , Karimi Leila 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on the validation of a management competency assessment tool for health services managers (HSM), which resulted from the development and validation of the framework, addressed by a previous paper.Design/methodology/approachThe management competency assessment tool (MCAP Tool) was validated using assessment data from a sample of 117 senior and middle managers working in two public hospitals and five community services in Victoria, Australia. The assessments were conducted between January 2013 and September 2014.FindingsBoth validity and reliability of the MCAP Tool were demonstrated.Practical implicationsThe MCAP Tool has the potential to assist in the measurement of the competencies of HSM. Further research is required to determine if the framework and tool are applicable to HSM in other settings.Originality/valueThis is the first published study outlining the validity and reliability of an assessment tool to measure the management competencies of Australian health service managers.
External knowledge search for innovation: the role of firms’ innovation strategy and industry context
Authors: Segarra-Ciprés Mercedes , Bou-Llusar Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the extent to which the influence of external knowledge search on innovation performance is contingent on both a firm’s innovation strategy and the industry context in which it operates.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts a contingent approach that centers analysis on the influence of situational factors, either exogenous or endogenous to the organization, as determinants of the external knowledge search in promoting the firm’s innovation performance. The empirical study is based on a large sample of 18,955 firms operating in 29 industries that belong to 13 European countries.FindingsThis analysis reveals that a broad knowledge search is more effective for firms that innovate in new goods, while a deeper knowledge search is more effective for firms that innovate in new services. The results of this study also indicate that external knowledge search varies across industries, with search depth being used more in industries in which the knowledge development process is cumulative and appropriable, while the external breadth search is preferred in industries with a high level of technological opportunity.Originality/valueThe current approach implies recognizing that the knowledge search strategies may not always be effective, and that firms should align the search strategy to both internal and external factors. Analyzing the influence of these factors can help managers to better choose the type of knowledge search (e.g. intensive or extensive search) that best aligns with the firm’s innovation objectives.
Millennials, sharing economy and tourism: the case of Seoul
Authors: Bernardi Monica 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the “Sharing City, Seoul” (SCS) project in order to highlight the role that Millennials are playing in transforming the tourist market by relying on the tools of the sharing economy. The Korean project, in fact, is promoting and favoring online Millennial enterpreneurship, thus impacting also on the tourism sector.

Design/methodology/approach
A three-stage methodology – based on in-depth interviews with the “sharing organizations” (SOs) involved in the SCS project, participant observation, and institutional and online materials – has made it possible to comprehend how Millennials are changing the travel and tourism landscape in Seoul through disruptive innovation of the sharing economy, and to propose some broad recommendations for the tourism market.

Findings
The research, analyzing the SCS project, highlights the increasing purchasing power of Millennials, confirming the importance of adopting a generational perspective to understand needs and tendencies of this generation and orient the tourist market. The SOs interviewed for the research, mainly founded and managed by Millennials, demonstrated to know how to recognize, intercept and satisfy the styles, personalities and requests of tourists, especially Millennials. Thus, Millennials are able to enter in the market not only as users and travelers, but also as entrepreneurs and creators of new online travel services.

Research limitations/implications
A further analysis should include interviews also with the funders and staff members of the other sharing enterprises that operate in the tourism sector. Moreover, a map of the current state of the sharing enterprises is suggested in order to determine whether or not the number of enterprises with a tourism vocation involved in the project is growing and under which conditions. This map would also be helpful to frame new tendencies in the sharing tourism industry and to monitor the role of Millennials in the market. It would be helpful to compare the Korean case with that of other Asian countries.

Originality/value
Through the analysis of the Korean case, the research shows that Millennials are massive users of traveler sharing platforms. At the same time they are able to enter the tourist market not only as users and travelers but also as entrepreneurs and creators of new online travel services. The paper offers some broad indications to help in orienting the future tourism market so that it takes account of the growing presence and purchasing power of Millennials.
Balancing loving and caring in times of chronic illness
Authors: Teunissen G.J. , Lindhout P. , Abma T.A. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of chronic illness on a couple’s life experiences over a period of 40 years. It critically examines the assumptions of the public health discourse in the light of this couple’s attempts to balance love and health care within their relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
The couple, the first two authors, put themselves under the magnifying glass. They arranged for a dialogic encounter and built a co-constructed auto-ethnography. This study consists of a “raw” narrative and a reflection. This reflexive part was added by the third author, interpreting the couple’s experiences applying in a sociocultural way theories of ethical care. This sheds light on ethical care aspects encountered in the couple’s balancing of love and health care.

Findings
This study shows that the couple copes with adversity rather than being in control of it. Nonetheless their love relationship appears to be flourishing, thanks to their acknowledgement of the importance of mutual caring.

Research limitations/implications
The current public health discourse puts the couple’s private love relationship under pressure. It turns a blind eye towards the difficulties they experience with the contemporary “self-management” paradigm. The couple feels that the government is an interloper intruding into their private relationship. This creates tension, friction, anxiety, as well as increasing the burden of the illness and makes them feel insecure and unsafe.

Originality/value
The novel method used in this study offers a rare and deep insight.
Struggling with uncertainty and regret: lessons from “Can the Subaltern Speak?”
Authors: Jain Anita N. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The classic essay, “Can the Subaltern Speak?” by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak takes leftist western intellectuals to task for essentializing subaltern subjectivity. I say this as someone who is guilty of this very thing and is struggling with this very question in my work as qualitative researcher. While Spivak concludes the essay with a resounding, “No,” she does provide us with a blueprint for conduction effective qualitative analysis using Derridean deconstruction. But after the deconstruction is done, how might I think about intellectual uncertainty and regret? Reflecting on a study of domestic workers I disbanded, in this paper I examine these questions and further query the limits of intellectual representation. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This essay uses ethnography as an approach.

Findings
Through an engagement of the seminal essay, “Can the Subaltern Speak,” I argue that in the ethnographic relationship, researchers will be sure to come up against their own limitations, but that does not mean they should refrain from the work. Rather, being open to seeing our errors, and working through uncertainty and regret, reveals something vitally important about the participants of our study and about ourselves.

Originality/value
This essay adds to the academic discussion on the ethics of researching subaltern subjects, and expands on Antonio Gramsci’s concept of contradictory consciousness.
Cognitive innovation: top performers share their best practices
Authors: Finch Glenn , Goehring Brian , Marshall Anthony 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The authors address how a combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and cognitive computing --- adaptive data management systems that monitor, analyze, make decisions and learn -- will transform businesses, work and customer offerings.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey of 6,050 C-suite executives worldwide identified a small group of cognitive innovators and revealed what they are doing differently.

Findings
Cognitive innovators identify customer satisfaction, retention, acquisition and revenue growth as the primary rationale for embracing cognitive technologies.

Practical implications
Cognitive computing systems are already helping make sense of the deluge of data spawned by ordinary commerce because they are able to adapt and learn.

Originality/value
The authors offer a four-step approach to cognitive computing innovation based on their research findings.
Landscape‐level crop diversity benefits biological pest control
Authors: Redlich Sarah , Martin Emily A. , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Landscape‐level crop diversification is a promising tool for ecological intensification, whereby biodiversity and ecosystem services are enhanced, and pesticide applications reduced. Yet evidence for the effects of crop diversity at multiple scales and in different landscape contexts is lacking. Here, we investigate the potential benefits and context dependencies of multiscale crop diversity on natural enemies and overall biological control in winter wheat. Simultaneously, we examine the mediating effects of bird predation on aphid regulation in this system.

Eighteen conventional winter wheat fields were selected along two independent gradients of crop diversity and semi‐natural habitat cover (SNH). We assessed biological control using a natural enemy exclusion experiment (“Open Treatment,” “Bird Exclosure,” “Full Exclosure”). Biological control, predator and parasitoid densities within cages were analysed as functions of landscape (crop diversity × SNH), bird predation (yes/no) and temporal change (three surveys) on six spatial scales (100–3,000 m).

Crop diversity rather than SNH enhanced aphid regulation in our study system. Biological control in fields with high landscape‐level crop diversity was 8%–33% higher than in low‐diversity landscapes, with main effects observed on scales <500 m.

Predator and parasitoid densities increased with crop diversity on small (100–250 m) and large (2,000–3,000 m) spatial scales respectively. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that natural enemies other than birds, parasitoids and aerial arthropods facilitated biological control.

Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that landscape‐level crop diversification can improve biological control in agroecosystems. Therefore, increased crop diversity could lower dependence on insecticides while enhancing yield stability through ecological intensification of farming. We also highlight the need to assess biological control rather than natural enemy abundances to avoid bias due to sampling artefacts or species interactions. Finally, simple measures of crop diversity (e.g. “effective number of crop types”) help in science communication and the development of farm management guidelines.
Regulation of body reserves in a hunted wader: Implications for cold‐weather shooting restrictions
Authors: Sánchez‐García Carlos , Williams Owen , Hoodless Andrew 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Severe winter weather can reduce avian energetic reserves. At such times, reducing disturbance, and therefore energy expenditure, through science‐based policy is crucial to mitigating negative impacts on survival.

We used allometric equations to examine the energy reserves of Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola, a popular quarry species across most of Europe, in relation to time of winter, location and temperature. We used data from 221 dissected birds, shot in Britain in two winters (2013/14, 2014/15), and 1,689 live birds captured during six consecutive winters (2010/11 to 2015/16).

Woodcock are able to store large amounts of energy as fat in mid‐winter and increase energy reserves as night air temperature drops to below 0°C, provided the ground thaws during the day.

In the event of cold weather in Britain, the mean potential flight distance of woodcock, based on mobilizable energy estimates of shot birds, is 860 km. If they do not move away, woodcock could withstand frozen conditions without feeding for a mean of 6 days.

Synthesis and applications. To reduce the effects of cold weather on Eurasian woodcock S. rusticola, shooting should be restricted before energy reserves are depleted. Current policies vary across Europe, but our results suggest that restrictions should come into force sooner, after 4 days of continually frozen ground at inland sites. Restrictions should cover large regions and remain in operation for 7 days after the end of the cold spell.
Below‐ground resource partitioning alone cannot explain the biodiversity–ecosystem function relationship: A field test using multiple tracers
Authors: Jesch Annette , Barry Kathryn E. , Ravenek Janneke M. , Bachmann Dörte , Strecker Tanja , Weigelt Alexandra , Buchmann Nina , de Kroon Hans , Gessler Arthur , Mommer Liesje , Roscher Christiane , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Below‐ground resource partitioning is among the most prominent hypotheses for driving the positive biodiversity–ecosystem function relationship. However, experimental tests of this hypothesis in biodiversity experiments are scarce, and the available evidence is not consistent.

We tested the hypothesis that resource partitioning in space, in time or in both space and time combined drives the positive effect of diversity on both plant productivity and total community resource uptake. At the community level, we predicted that total community resource uptake and biomass production above‐ and below‐ground will increase with increased species richness or functional group richness. We predicted that, at the species level, resource partition breadth will become narrower, and that overlap between the resource partitions of different species will become smaller with increasing species richness or functional group richness.

We applied multiple resource tracers (Li and Rb as potassium analogues, the water isotopologues—H218O and 2H2O, and 15N) in three seasons at two depths across a species and functional group richness gradient at a grassland biodiversity experiment. We used this multidimensional resource tracer study to test if plant species partition resources with increasing plant diversity across space, time or both simultaneously.

At the community level, total community resource uptake of nitrogen and potassium and above‐ and below‐ground biomass increased significantly with increasing species richness but not with increasing functional group richness. However, we found no evidence that resource partition breadth or resource partition overlap decreased with increasing species richness for any resource in space, time or both space and time combined.

Synthesis. These findings indicate that below‐ground resource partitioning may not drive the enhanced resource uptake or biomass production found here. Instead, other mechanisms such as facilitation, species‐specific biotic feedback or above‐ground resource partitioning are likely necessary for enhanced overall ecosystem function.
Feasibility study on 3D image reconstruction from 2D orthogonal cine‐MRI for MRI‐guided radiotherapy
Authors: Paganelli Chiara , Lee Danny , Kipritidis John , Whelan Brendan , Greer Peter B , Baroni Guido , Riboldi Marco , Keall Paul 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionIn‐room MRI is a promising image guidance strategy in external beam radiotherapy to acquire volumetric information for moving targets. However, limitations in spatio‐temporal resolution led several authors to use 2D orthogonal images for guidance. The aim of this work is to present a method to concurrently compensate for non‐rigid tumour motion and provide an approach for 3D reconstruction from 2D orthogonal cine‐MRI slices for MRI‐guided treatments.MethodsFree‐breathing sagittal/coronal interleaved 2D cine‐MRI were acquired in addition to a pre‐treatment 3D volume in two patients. We performed deformable image registration (DIR) between cine‐MRI slices and corresponding slices in the pre‐treatment 3D volume. Based on an extrapolation of the interleaved 2D motion fields, the 3D motion field was estimated and used to warp the pre‐treatment volume. Due to the lack of a ground truth for patients, the method was validated on a digital 4D lung phantom.ResultsOn the phantom, the 3D reconstruction method was able to compensate for tumour motion and compared favourably to the results of previously adopted strategies. The difference in the 3D motion fields between the phantom and the extrapolated motion was 0.4 ± 0.3 mm for tumour and 0.8 ± 1.5 mm for whole anatomy, demonstrating feasibility of performing a 3D volumetric reconstruction directly from 2D orthogonal cine‐MRI slices. Application of the method to patient data confirmed the feasibility of utilizing this method in real world scenarios.ConclusionPreliminary results on phantom and patient cases confirm the feasibility of the proposed approach in an MRI‐guided scenario, especially for non‐rigid tumour motion compensation.
Medial habenula cholinergic signaling regulates cocaine‐associated relapse‐like behavior
Authors: López Alberto J. , Jia Yousheng , White André O. , Kwapis Janine L. , Espinoza Monica , Hwang Philip , Campbell Rianne , Alaghband Yasaman , Chitnis Om , Matheos Dina P. , Lynch Gary , Wood Marcelo A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPropensity to relapse, even following long periods of abstinence, is a key feature in substance use disorders. Relapse and relapse‐like behaviors are known to be induced, in part, by re‐exposure to drug‐associated cues. Yet, while many critical nodes in the neural circuitry contributing to relapse have been identified and studied, a full description of the networks driving reinstatement of drug‐seeking behaviors is lacking. One area that may provide further insight to the mechanisms of relapse is the habenula complex, an epithalamic region composed of lateral and medial (MHb) substructures, each with unique cell and target populations. Although well conserved across vertebrate species, the functions of the MHb are not well understood. Recent research has demonstrated that the MHb regulates nicotine aversion and withdrawal. However, it remains undetermined whether MHb function is limited to nicotine and aversive stimuli or if MHb circuit regulates responses to other drugs of abuse. Advances in circuit‐level manipulations now allow for cell‐type and temporally specific manipulations during behavior, specifically in spatially restrictive brain regions, such as the MHb. In this study, we focus on the response of the MHb to reinstatement of cocaine‐associated behavior, demonstrating that cocaine‐primed reinstatement of conditioned place preference engages habenula circuitry. Using chemogenetics, we demonstrate that MHb activity is sufficient to induce reinstatement behavior. Together, these data identify the MHb as a key hub in the circuitry underlying reinstatement and may serve as a target for regulating relapse‐like behaviors.
Corrected US opioid‐involved drug poisoning deaths and mortality rates, 1999–2015
Authors: Ruhm Christopher J. 
Published: February 2018

Background and AimsMost prior estimates of opioid‐involved drug poisoning mortality counts or rates are understated because the specific drugs leading to death are frequently not identified on death certificates. This analysis provides corrected national estimates of opioid and heroin/synthetic opioid‐involved counts and mortality rates, as well as changes over time in them from 1999 to 2015.MethodsData on drug poisoning deaths to US residents from 1999 to 2015, obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Multiple Cause of Death (MCOD) files, were used with the drugs involved in fatal overdoses imputed when not identified on the death certificates.ResultsThe official CDC figure that 33 091 drug deaths involved opioids in 2015 is an undercount, with the actual number being approximately 39 999. Corrected counts and rates of any opioid and heroin/synthetic opioid‐involved drug deaths are 20–35% higher in every year than reported figures. The corrections almost always raise the changes estimated to have occurred since 1999, with the largest differences observed in 2011 for any opioids (5677 deaths and 1.7 per 100 000) and in 2015 for heroin/synthetic opioids (3228 deaths and 1.0 per 100 000). However, percentage growth since 1999 is sometimes slower when based on corrected rather than reported fatality data, and with sensitivity to the choice of base years.ConclusionsDeath certificate reports understate the prevalence of and changes over time in opioid and heroin/synthetic opioid‐involved drug mortality in the United States. Adjustments imputing the drugs involved for cases where none are identified on the death certificates are likely to provide more accurate estimates.
NOD‐like receptor pyrin domain‐containing‐3 (NLRP3) regulates inflammation‐induced pro‐labor mediators in human myometrial cells
Authors: Lim Ratana , Lappas Martha 
Published: February 2018

ProblemInflammation plays a major role in preterm birth. Nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor pyrin domain‐containing‐3 (NLRP3) plays a role in inflammatory diseases. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of term labor on the expression of NLRP3 in human myometrium and the effect of NLRP3 silencing on pro‐labor mediators in myometrial cells.Method of studyNLRP3 expression was assessed in myometrium from non‐laboring and laboring women by qRT‐PCR and Western blotting. Human primary myometrial cells were transfected with NLRP3 siRNA (siNLRP3), treated with pro‐inflammatory cytokines and toll‐like receptor (TLR) ligands, and assayed for pro‐inflammatory mediators’ expression.ResultsNLRP3 expression was higher in myometrium after term spontaneous labor and by TNF, IL1B, fsl‐1, and flagellin. In siNLRP3‐transfected cells, there was a significant decrease in the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL1A, IL6), chemokines (CXCL8, CCL2), and adhesion molecules (ICAM1 and VCAM1) stimulated with IL1B, TNF, or TLR ligands; decrease in IL1B‐stimulated PTGS2 and PTGFR mRNA expression and PGF2α release; and increase in TNF‐stimulated myometrial gel shrinkage as assessed by an in vitro cell contraction assay.ConclusionNLRP3 is increased with labor in myometrial, and knockdown of NLRP3 is associated with an attenuation of inflammation‐induced expression of pro‐inflammatory and pro‐labor mediators in human myometrium.