bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speech act attenuation in the history of English: The case of apologies
Authors: Jucker Andreas H. 
Published: April 2019

This paper develops a new theoretical framework to describe the long diachrony of speech acts. Such an undertaking requires a careful reconsideration of some of the basic properties of the nature of speech acts. It requires a clear differentiation between the functional profile, or illocutionary potential, of a speech act, the range of expressions that are typically used to perform it, and the metacommunicative expressions that are used to talk about it. It also requires a clear understanding of the integrity of the speech act in order to make it comparable across different time periods. It is suggested that the diachronic development of speech acts is both a gradual process with limited short-term effects that – over a long period – lead to more substantial differences and a process of attenuation, i.e. a progressive weakening of its illocutionary force. As an example, this paper traces the long diachrony of apologies in the history of the English language, from Old English up to Present-day English. Apologies originate in Old English penitential acts and confessions to God which in the course of time underwent a process of attenuation that first turned them into secularized appeals to a human addressee for forgiveness, subsequently to expressions of regret and eventually to speech acts that are often no more than a token acknowledgement of some minor infraction. The final section gives an outline of how this new theoretical framework of speech act attenuation can be applied to other speech acts, such as promises and greetings.
Brexit en strafrechtelijke samenwerking: de gevolgen van het perspectief van vertrek uit de Unie voor de tenuitvoerlegging van een EAB
Authors: Bulterman M.K. 
Published: April 2019

Brexit en strafrechtelijke samenwerking: de gevolgen van het perspectief van vertrek uit de Unie voor de tenuitvoerlegging van een EAB
Op 29 maart 2017 heeft het Verenigd Koninkrijk kennisgegeven op grond van artikel 50 lid 2 VEU van het voornemen tot terugtrekking uit de Europese Unie. Welke gevolgen heeft deze kennisgeving voor de beoordeling van een door de autoriteiten van het Verenigd Koninkrijk uitgevaardigd Europees Aanhoudingsbevel op grond van Kaderbesluit 2002/584 betreffende het Europees aanhoudingsbevel en de procedures van overlevering tussen de lidstaten? Op deze vraag geeft het Hof van Justitie een antwoord in het arrest RO van 19 september 2018, dat centraal staat in deze bijdrage.HvJ 19 september 2018, zaak C-327/18 PPU, RO, ECLI:EU:C:2018:733
Een overwinning voor vrijverkeersrechten van regenboogfamilies in Europa: het langverwachte Coman-arrest
Authors: Kroeze H.H.C. , Safradin B. 
Published: April 2019

Een overwinning voor vrijverkeersrechten van regenboogfamilies in Europa: het langverwachte Coman-arrest
In Coman heeft het Hof van Justitie voor het eerst uitspraak gedaan over het recht op gezinshereniging van een EU-burger met zijn partner van hetzelfde geslacht op basis van de Burgerschapsrichtlijn (Richtlijn 2004/38/EG). De vraag van de verwijzende Roemeense rechter heeft betrekking op de kwestie of een derdelander die gehuwd is met een EU-burger van hetzelfde geslacht als ‘echtgenoot’ van een Unieburger in de zin van het EU-recht aangemerkt kan en moet worden. Het Hof van Justitie beantwoordt die vraag bevestigend. Het arrest Coman is een overwinning voor de LHBTI-gemeenschap, omdat het Hof van Justitie met dit arrest lidstaten verplicht de burgerlijke staat van getrouwde homoseksuele koppels te erkennen voor wat betreft de uitoefening van de vrijverkeersrechten. Deze annotatie bespreekt zowel de implicaties als de beperkingen van het arrest. Het is bijvoorbeeld nog onduidelijk hoe ver de gelijke behandeling van koppels van hetzelfde geslacht strekt en of zij via het EU-recht ook toegang kunnen krijgen tot andere rechten die aan het huwelijk gekoppeld zijn, zoals socialezekerheidsrechten. Daarnaast legt het arrest de kwestie van omgekeerde discriminatie opnieuw bloot.HvJ 5 juni 2018, zaak C-676/16, Relu Adrian Coman e.a./Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrari, Ministerul Afacerilor Interne, ECLI:EU:C:2018:385.
La Iglesia de Mallorca y la redención de cautivos en la Baja Edad Media
Authors: Cassanyes Roig Albert 
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo es un primer estudio del rol de la Iglesia en la redención de los cautivos cristianos que se hallaban bajo el yugo de los infieles. La tarea de las órdenes redentoristas —trinitarios y mercedarios— en este ámbito fue muy significativa. Menos conocida es la intervención de la catedral, a veces junto a las autoridades municipales. En ambos casos, las limosnas constituían la principal fuente de ingresos, de modo que el rescate era posible gracias a la caridad de los vecinos. El artículo se centra en el ejemplo de la diócesis de Mallorca, un territorio abocado al mar, cuyos habitantes eran frecuentemente capturados. A partir de una serie de registros de subsidios de mediados del siglo xv, se pueden conocer algunos rasgos de los cautivos, la vulnerabilidad en la que quedaban sus familias y el comportamiento de los responsables de la distribución de las limosnas entre las personas a rescatar.AbstractThis paper analyses the role of the Church in the ransom of Christian captives who fell under Muslim control. The role of the ransoming orders—Trinitarians and Mercedarians—in the ransoming process was highly significant. Less known is the intervention of the cathedral chapter, often working side by side with the municipal authorities. In both cases, alms were the most important source of income; the charity of their neighbors made a captive’s ransom possible. This paper focuses on the example of the Diocese of Majorca, a territory exposed to the sea, whose inhabitants were frequently captured. Based on some mid-fifteenth century registers of subsidies it is possible to know some of the individual characteristics of the captives, the vulnerability of their families, and the behavior of the responsible persons who distributed the charitable money among the captives and their families.
The Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management Scale–Revised (MSSM-R)
Authors: Saadat Sajjad , Kajbaf Mohammad Bagher , Kalantari Mehrdad , Hosseininezhad Mozaffar 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background:
Self-management is the most important component in the treatment of chronic diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The Bishop and Frain Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management Scale–Revised (MSSM-R) is one of the valid tools available for self-management assessment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the MSSM-R in Iranian people with MS.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 in the 1600 people with MS in Guilan Province, Iran. In this study, 250 people were selected by convenience sampling. The reliability of the Persian version of this scale was examined by internal consistency and test-retest methods, and validity evidence was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis.

Results:
The MSSM-R had acceptable face and content validity. Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that 24 items on this scale have factor loadings in five subscales. Other results showed the internal consistency, as measured by Cronbach α and test-retest reliability, for the MSSM-R overall (α = 0.85, r = 0.77) and for the following subscales: Healthcare Provider Relationship and Communication (α = 0.83, r = 0.70), Treatment Adherence/Barriers (α = 0.70, r = 0.71), Social/Family Support (α = 0.79, r = 0.85), MS Knowledge and Information (α = 0.89, r = 0.72), and Health Maintenance Behavior (α = 0.77, r = 0.75).

Conclusions:
This study provides evidence of the validity and reliability of the MSSM-R. To further ensure its psychometric properties, additional studies with this scale are suggested.
CYP2C11 played a significant role in down-regulating rat blood pressure under the challenge of a high-salt diet
Authors: Liu Wei , Sui Danjuan , Ye Huanying , Ouyang Zhen , Wei Yuan 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundArachidonic acid (AA) is oxidized by cytochrome P450s (CYPs) to form epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), compounds that modulate ion transport, gene expression, and vasorelaxation. Both CYP2Cs and CYP2Js are involved in kidney EET epoxidation.MethodsIn this study, we used aCYP2C11-null rat model to explore the in vivo effects of CYP2C11 on vasorelaxation. For 2 months,CYP2C11-null and wild-type (WT) Sprague-Dawley rats were either fed normal lab (0.3% (w/w) sodium chloride) or high-salt (8% (w/w) sodium chloride) diets. Subsequently, an invasive method was used to determine blood pressure. Next, western blots, quantitative PCR, and immunohistochemistry were used to determine renal expression of CYPs involved in AA metabolism.ResultsAmongCYP2C11-null rats, a high-salt diet (females: 156.79 ± 15.89 mm Hg, males: 130.25 ± 16.76 mm Hg,n= 10) resulted in significantly higher blood pressure than a normal diet (females: 118.05 ± 8.43 mm Hg,P< 0.01; males: 115.15 ± 11.45 mm Hg,P< 0.05,n= 10). Compared with WT rats under the high-salt diet, western blots showed thatCYP2C11-null rats had higher renal expression of CYP2J2 and CYP4A. This was consistent with the results of immunohistochemistry and the qPCR, respectively. The two rat strains did not differ in the renal expression of CYP2C23 or CYP2C24.ConclusionOur findings suggested that CYP2C11 plays an important role in lowering blood pressure under the challenge of a high-salt diet.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitosis among Mentally Ill Persons in Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Otu-Bassey Iquo Bassey , Udoh Dora Imefon , Ogba Ofonime Mark , Useh Monday Francis 
Published: April 2019

Aim: The prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in relation to mental illness among inpatients of Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Calabar was investigated with a view to improving the quality of their medical care.
Study Design: This was cross sectional study. Ethical approval and patients’ informed consent were sought and obtained before collection and processing of samples.
Place and Duration of Study: Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Calabar, between February and August, 2016.
Methodology: We included 246 (126 patients, 120 apparently healthy) subjects. Intestinal parasites were detected by direct stool microscopy and formol ether concentration technique and the cellophane anal swab method for Enterobius vermicularis. Chi square analysis was used to compare percentages.
Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among the 126 studied patients was 49.2% compared to 11.7% recorded among the 120 apparently healthy (control) subjects examined (P < 0.0001). There was no significant association between intestinal parasites prevalence and gender in test as well as control subjects 60.0% v. 45.1%, respectively, p = 0.2022) and 14.3% v. 8.8%, respectively, P = 0.3113). Subjects with chronic mental cases insignificantly harbored more intestinal parasites than those with acute cases (53.8% v. 47.1%, respectively; P = 0.5699). Parasites detected in the study were Hookworm 34.6%, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 25%, Ascaris lumbricoides 17.3%, Trichuris trichiura 9.6%, Enterobius vermicularis 5.8%, Giardia intestinalis 3.8%, Taenia species and Schistosoma mansoni 1.9% each. Hookworm ranked highest 34.6% among the parasites encountered in the test subjects while Ascaris lumbricoides 33.3% took the lead in the control group. People diagnosed with Variance Psychosis disorder recorded highest infection rate (68.4%) while those with substance abuse had the least (28.0%).
Conclusion: Intestinal parasitosis may possibly play aetiologic or enhancement role in mental ill health. For effective management of the mental challenge, periodic parasitic investigations and appropriate therapy before and after admittance should be effected in all psychiatric institutions.
Molecular Imaging in the Second Near‐Infrared Window
Authors: Wan Hao , Du Haotian , Wang Feifei , Dai Hongjie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the past decade, noticeable progress has been achieved regarding fluorescence imaging in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window. Fluorescence imaging in the NIR‐II window demonstrates superiorities of deep tissue penetration and high spatial and temporal resolution, which are beneficial for profiling physiological processes. Meanwhile, molecular imaging has emerged as an efficient tool to decipher biological activities on the molecular and cellular level. Extending molecular imaging into the NIR‐II window would enhance the imaging performance, providing more detailed and accurate information of the biological system. In this progress report, selected achievements made in NIR‐II molecular imaging are summarized. The organization of this report is based on strategies underlying rational designs of NIR‐II imaging probes, and their applications in molecular imaging are highlighted. This progress report may provide guidance and reference for further development of functional NIR‐II probes designed for high‐performance molecular imaging.
Inorganic and Layered Perovskites for Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Fakharuddin Azhar , Shabbir Umair , Qiu Weiming , Iqbal Tahir , Sultan Muhammad , Heremans Paul , Schmidt‐Mende Lukas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOrganic–inorganic halide perovskites are making breakthroughs in a range of optoelectronic devices. Reports of >23% certified power conversion efficiency in photovoltaic devices, external quantum efficiency >21% in light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), continuous‐wave lasing and ultralow lasing thresholds in optically pumped lasers, and detectivity in photodetectors on a par with commercial GaAs rivals are being witnessed, making them the fastest ever emerging material technology. Still, questions on their toxicity and long‐term stability raise concerns toward their market entry. The intrinsic instability in these materials arises due to the organic cation, typically the volatile methylamine (MA), which contributes to hysteresis in the current–voltage characteristics and ion migration. Alternative inorganic substitutes to MA, such as cesium, and large organic cations that lead to a layered structure, enhance structural as well as device operational stability. These perovskites also provide a high exciton binding energy that is a prerequisite to enhance radiative emission yield in LEDs. The incorporation of inorganic and layered perovskites, in the form of polycrystalline films or as single‐crystalline nanostructure morphologies, is now leading to the demonstration of stable devices with excellent performance parameters. Herein, key developments made in various optoelectronic devices using these perovskites are summarized and an outlook toward stable yet efficient devices is presented.
Liquid Crystal Elastomer Waveguide Actuators
Authors: Kuenstler Alexa S. , Kim Hyunki , Hayward Ryan C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhile most photomechanical materials developed to date have relied on free‐space illumination to drive actuation, this strategy fails when direct line‐of‐site access is precluded. In this study, waveguided light is harnessed by liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) nanocomposites to drive actuation. Using photo‐chemical reduction of gold salts to plasmonic nanoparticles, prescription of photoresponsive regions within fibers of mono‐domain LCEs is demonstrated with control over both the location along the fiber axis, as well as in the azimuthal direction. Due to localized photothermal heating provided by plasmonic absorption of waveguided light and resulting inhomogeneous thermally induced deformation of the LCE, reversible bending along multiple axes is demonstrated.
High‐Efficiency Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with Synergetic Outcoupling Enhancement
Authors: Shen Yang , Cheng Li‐Peng , Li Yan‐Qing , Li Wei , Chen Jing‐De , Lee Shuit‐Tong , Tang Jian‐Xin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) show great application potential in high‐quality flat‐panel displays and solid‐state lighting due to their steadily improved efficiency, tunable colors, narrow emission peak, and easy solution‐processing capability. However, because of high optical confinement and nonradiative charge recombination during electron–photon conversion, the highest reported efficiency of PeLEDs remains far behind that of their conventional counterparts, such as inorganic LEDs, organic LEDs, and quantum‐dot LEDs. Here a facile route is demonstrated by adopting bioinspired moth‐eye nanostructures at the front electrode/perovskite interface to enhance the outcoupling efficiency of waveguided light in PeLEDs. As a result, the maximum external quantum efficiency and current efficiency of the modified cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) green‐emitting PeLEDs are improved to 20.3% and 61.9 cd A−1, while retaining spectral and angular independence. Further reducing light loss in the substrate mode using a half‐ball lens, efficiencies of 28.2% and 88.7 cd A−1 are achieved, which represent the highest values reported to date for PeLEDs. These results represent a substantial step toward achieving practical applications of PeLEDs.
Superhydrophobic Melamine–Formaldehyde Sponge Functionalized by Coupling Agent–Isocyanate Siloxane as Efficient Absorbents for Oil and Organic Solvents
Authors: Zhu Jundong , Hu Jiang , Peng Tangping , Jiang Chongwen , Liu Siyuan , Li Ying , Guo Tianyu , Xie Le 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSponge‐like sorbent materials with superhydrophobic/oleophilic properties have drawn significant attention for effective clean‐up of oil spills and complex water treatment. However, their cost‐effective and high‐selectivity adsorption remain a great challenge. Herein, a novel superhydrophobic melamine–formaldehyde (MF) sponge is treated with coupling agent–isocyanate siloxane 3‐isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (ICPTES) via a urea cross‐linking process, and then condensing with hydrophobic silane (dodecyltrimethoxysilane, DTMS) in alcohol solution. The as‐prepared Si–MF–DTMS sponge (water contact angle as high as 155.4°) demonstrates favorable chemical and thermal stability in harsh environment, high absorption capacity (74.9–161.4 g g−1) for organic liquids, and outstanding separation capability for emulsions. Meanwhile, excellent elasticity and durability allow the organics and oil to squeeze out of the sponge during recycling process easily. Moreover, modified sponge can continuously separate oil and organic pollutants from water by collection device. Thus, a facile, appropriate, and effective strategy used in this work to fabricate superhydrophobic advanced sorbent materials for oil–water separation application is based on surface modification strategy by a coupling agent, which shows enormous potential in oil‐spill remediation and industrial chemistry pollution control.
Preoperative lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio is useful for stratifying the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with a low Cancer of the Liver Italian Program score undergoing curative resection
Authors: Shimizu Takayuki , Ishizuka Mitsuru , Park Kyung Hwa , Shiraki Takayuki , Sakuraoka Yuhki , Mori Shozo , Iso Yukihiro , Kato Masato , Aoki Taku , Kubota Keiichi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) score is useful for prognostication of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a previous study has reported that the CLIP score was unable to stratify the postoperative outcomes of HCC patients in whom the score was low (0‐1). Recent studies have reported that the preoperative lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR) is useful for prognostication of patients with various cancer.MethodsWe reviewed 329 HCC patients with a low CLIP score (0‐1) undergoing curative resection. This study had the approval of the Institutional Review Board (28068). Multivariate analyses were carried out to detect clinical factors correlating with overall survival (OS). Kaplan‐Meier analysis and the log‐rank test were used for comparison of OS.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that LMR (<4.35/≥4.35) was significantly associated with OS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.022; 95% CI, 1.141‐3.583; P = 0.016) as well as portal vein invasion (HR, 2.410; 95%CI, 1.258‐4.618; P = 0.008). Kaplan‐Meier analysis and the log‐rank test showed a significant difference in OS and relapse‐free survival between patients with high LMR and those with low LMR.ConclusionPreoperative LMR is useful for stratifying the prognosis of HCC patients with a low CLIP score (0‐1) undergoing curative resection.
C3‐Functionalized Chromones Synthesis by Tandem C−H Elaboration and Chromone Annulation of Enaminones
Authors: Fu Leiqing , Wan Jie‐Ping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChromone is a heterocyclic entity presents in a number of natural products, clinical pharmaceuticals, as well as molecules with enriched biological functions. As cutting‐edge area, the synthesis of chromones has seen spectacular progress over the past decade. Among the available synthetic modes toward chromone scaffolds, the annulation of ortho‐hydroxyphenyl functionalized N,N‐disubstituted enaminones has turned out to be one of the most reliable and practical ones. By combining this annulation with the featured transformation of the vinyl α‐C−H bond in the enaminone structure, a large number of tandem reactions providing structurally diverse chromones with C3‐functionalization have been recently realized. As a practical strategy in the synthesis of valuable heterocyclic molecules and an important branch in the enaminone‐based organic synthesis, such synthetic reactions are highly instructive for organic chemistry and many other disciplines related to this heterocyclic moiety. Herein, we present for the first time the research advances on the synthesis of C3‐functionalized chromones via tandem vinyl C−H bond elaboration and chromone annulation of ortho‐hydroxyphenyl functionalized tertiary enaminones.
In Situ Generated Gold Nanoparticles on Active Carbon as Reusable Highly Efficient Catalysts for a C−C Stille Coupling
Authors: Holz Julia , Pfeffer Camilla , Zuo Hualiang , Beierlein Dennis , Richter Gunther , Klemm Elias , Peters René 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGold nanoparticle catalysts are important in many industrial production processes. Nevertheless, for traditional C−Ccross‐coupling reactions they have been rarely used and Pd catalysts usually give a superior performance. Herein we report that in situ formed gold metal nanoparticles are highly active catalysts for the cross coupling of allylstannanes and activated alkylbromides to form C−Cbonds. Turnover numbers up to 29 000 could be achieved in the presence of active carbon as solid support, which allowed for convenient catalyst recovery and reuse. The present study is a rare case where a gold metal catalyst is superior to Pd catalysts in a cross‐coupling reaction of an organic halide and an organometallic reagent.