bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of ferritin levels and inflammatory markers on HbA1c in the Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Son Nazan Erenoglu 
Published: June 2019

Objective: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a significant public health issue worldwide due to the associated comorbidities. Recent studies have demonstrated a strong relationship between blood glucose levels and serum ferritin levels in patients with type 2 DM. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between Ferritin Levels and Inflammatory Markers on HbA1c in the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.
Methods: This single-center, cross-sectional, controlled study included patients who were admitted to the Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders outpatient clinics of the Private Kütahya Hospital in the province of Kutahya in the Western Turkey. The study included a total of 172 patients, 84 of whom had type 2 DM and 88 without diabetes and constituted the control group. A total of 190 patients with DM were admitted to the Adult Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Outpatient Clinics of the hospital between July 1, 2018 and September 1, 2018, and among these, the study was conducted on 172 volunteer patients who met the study inclusion criteria and who did not have any missing data. The HbA1c levels, serum ferritin, hemoglobin (Hb), insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), lipid profiles, and uric acid levels were compared between the groups.
Results: The serum ferritin levels of the patients with type 2 DM significantly increased with increasing HbA1c levels (p<0.01). A strong positive correlation was found between serum ferritin levels and HbA1c and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels (p<0.01).
Conclusions: Our study results show a significant relationship between HbA1c levels and serum ferritin and CRP levels, suggesting that serum ferritin and CRP levels can be used as a routine screening tool for the early diagnosis of DM. However, further large-scale, prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.1003
How to cite this:Son NE. Influence of ferritin levels and inflammatory markers on HbA1c in the Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(4):1030-1035. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.1003
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Trends and causes of maternal mortality in a tertiary care hospital over five years: 2013-2017
Authors: Rafiq Sonia , Syed Wajeeha , Ghaffar Simi Fayaz 
Published: June 2019

Background and Objective: Maternal death measurement is essential to a country’s wellbeing and development status. In emerging countries like Pakistan, it remains an intimidating and failed public health challenge. Objectives of our audit were to estimate trends and causes of maternal demise in Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Methods: Between January 2013 to December 2017, a retrospective study was carried out at Medical Teaching Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. A structured proforma was used to collect data from the medical records. To detect trends in mother demise maternal mortality ratio was calculated for each year and for all five years, Spss version 23 was used for data analysis.
Results: In the five-year periods 134 deaths were recorded. The maternal mortality during the study period was 431/100,000 live births. An unstable trend in mortality with two crowning periods in 2013 and 2017 was observed. Hemorrhage persisted as the foremost cause of maternal death over the five years period, accounting for 47.76% deaths followed by hypertension, accounting for 25.37% deaths. An increased risk of 35.08% was observed among women aged 25-29 years, followed by 26.11% in 20-24 years and 23.88% in >30 years.
Conclusion: There is a decreasing trend of maternal death from 2013 to 2016 but a slight increase was noted in 2017. Hemorrhage was the top cause responsible for the maternal death.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.1091
How to cite this:Rafiq S, Syed W, Ghaffar SF. Trends and causes of maternal mortality in a tertiary care hospital over five years: 2013-2017. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(4):1128-1131. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.1091
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review Impact of environmental pollution, dietary factors and diabetes mellitus on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Authors: Alhowikan Abdulrahman Mohammed , AL-Ayadhi Laila Yousef , Halepoto Dost Muhammad 
Published: June 2019

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is complex neurodevelopmental condition described by impairments in three main behavioral areas: social deficits, impaired communication, and repetitive behaviors. Despite many years of vast study, the causes of ASD are still unknown. Various risk factors including genetic, infectious, metabolic and immunological have been investigated however, environmental, nutritional and diabetes related risk factors have not received sufficient attention. This study has provided an insight into the comprehensive interaction between environmental pollution, dietary factors and diabetes mellitus that could lead to the advancement of this debilitating neurodevelopment disorder. The literature search was done using PubMed and Google Scholar databases up to October 2018. Key words “Environmental Pollution”, “Nutritional Factors”, “Diabetes Mellitus”, “Autism Spectrum Disorder” were selected.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.269
How to cite this:Alhowikan AM, AL-Ayadhi LY, Halepoto DM. Impact of environmental pollution, dietary factors and diabetes mellitus on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(4):1179-1184. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.269
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of wearing cotton towel Ihram and plain Ihram on lung function among Hajj Pilgrims
Authors: Meo Sultan Ayoub , Iqbal Muhammad , Usmani Adnan Mahmood , Almana Abdulrahman Abdulaziz , Alrashed Abdulrahman Hamad , Al-Regaiey Khalid Abdullah 
Published: June 2019

Objectives: Hajj is the world’s largest gathering to Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Wearing cotton made Ihram is a basic and an essential component of Hajj. The aim of this study was to investigate the lung functions among Hajj pilgrims who were wearing cotton towel ihram (ihram with fibers) compared to those who were wearing plain cotton ihram (ihram without fibers).
Methods: Ninety male, non-smoker, Hajj pilgrim volunteers with age ranged 20-60 years were selected. Forty five of them wore cotton towel ihram and 45 wore plain ihram. A day before leaving for Hajj and wearing ihram (6th Dhu-al-Hijjah) lung function base line parameters of Hajj pilgrims were determined. Hajj Pilgrims continuously wear ihram from 7-10th Dhu-al-Hijjah. In the afternoon of 10th Dhu-al-Hijjah, after removal of ihram, all parameters were repeated and at the completion of Hajj when all pilgrims return to their homes at Riyadh, all parameters were recorded again.
Results: Before wearing Ihram, anthropometric and lung function baseline parameters were recorded, no significant difference was found between the study population. After wearing Ihram on the 7th Dhu-al-Hijjah and its removal on the 10th Dhu-al-Hijjah significant decline in the lung function test parameters was observed among Hajj pilgrims who were wearing cotton towel ihram. Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) 4.30±1.18 vs. 5.03±1.41 (p=0.01); Forced Expiratory Flow 25% (FEF-25%) 4.39±1.94 vs. 5.69±2.84 (p=0.03); Forced Expiratory Flow-50% (FEF-50%) 2.93±1.65 vs. 4.07±2.08 (p=0.01); Forced Expiratory Flow-75% (FEF-75%) 1.02±0.70 vs. 1.66±0.94 (p=0.002) compared to those who were wearing plain ihram.
Conclusions: Lung function test parameters were decreased among the Hajj pilgrims who were wearing cotton towel ihram compared to those who were wearing plain cotton ihram. The pattern of impairment of lung function shows an obstructive peripheral airway lung involvement. It is suggested to conduct further large sample size studies to confirm the present study observations and reach at better conclusions.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.727
How to cite this:Meo SA, Iqbal M, Usmani AM, Almana AA, Alrashed AH, Al-Regaiey KA. Effect of wearing cotton towel Ihram and plain Ihram on lung function among Hajj Pilgrims. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(4):893-898. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.727
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The study of the vocabulary of the English scientific literature to optimize the possibilities of teaching English in educational organizations of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Authors: Башлуева Наталья , Bashlueva Natalya , Башлуева Мария , Bashlueva Mariya 
Published: June 2019

he object of the study, which formed the basis of this article was to optimize the possibilities of teaching English in educational organizations of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and the subject is studying the vocabulary of English scientific literature to optimize the possibilities of teaching English in educational organizations of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The aim of the work is to improve and optimize the use of the vocabulary of the English scientific literature to optimize the possibilities of teaching English in educational institutions of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as well as developing recommendations for teachers on the use of scientific terminology in the process of teaching a foreign language to students and students of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The research methods used in this scientific work are the analysis and systematization of scientific literature on the subject of the research; statistical data processing methods.
The scientific novelty of the research consists in expanding, supplementing and refining scientific views on optimizing the possibilities of teaching English in educational institutions of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The practical significance of the results lies in the substantiation of the possibility of using the vocabulary of the English scientific literature in the process of teaching a foreign language to cadets and students of the Russian Interior Ministry.
Minimal Frames and Transparent Frames for Risk, Time, and Uncertainty
Authors: Leland Jonathan W. , Schneider Mark , Wilcox Nathaniel T. 
Published: June 2019

Behavior differs between transparent and nontransparent presentations of decisions, but “transparent presentation” has not been precisely defined. We formally define “transparent frames” for risk and time, establish their uniqueness, provide algorithms for constructing them, and compare them with “standard” presentation formats. A logic emerges for predicting systematic shifts in choice under risk and over time, and how violations of rational choice theory will depend on frames. An experiment verifies most of those predictions in choice under risk. We extend results to choice under uncertainty and also predict frame dependence of ambiguity aversion, a result supported by recent experimental evidence. This paper was accepted by Elke Weber, judgment and decision making.
LIBERDADE COMO ESSÊNCIA HUMANA: O PROBLEMA DO SUJEITO NO JOVEM MARX
Authors: Jesus Cristian Arão Silva de 
Published: June 2019

Este artigo possui como objetivo analisar a questão da essência humana na obra do jovem Marx. Apresentando uma perspectiva contrária à ideia da existência de um corte epistemológico que cria duas fases absolutamente distintas na filosofia de Marx, pretende-se argumentar que o conceito de essência desenvolvido nos manuscritos de 1844 constitui-se como um importante fundamento para o materialismo histórico. Dessa forma, é oferecida também uma perspectiva diferente do argumento que defende a existência de um antimaterialismorelacionado ao conceito “essência”. A interpretação da essência humana como liberdade permite compreender que não há nada de extra-material na definição do ser humano, pois a única característica que sempre acompanhará o homem é a capacidade de se autotransformar através da atividade prática.
Simulation and Analysis of Particle Filter Based Slam System
Authors: Kaniewski Piotr , Słowak Paweł 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe paper describes a problem and an algorithm for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The algorithm developed by the authors estimates the flight trajectory and builds a map of the terrain below the UAV. As a tool for estimating the UAV position and other parameters of flight, a particle filter was applied. The proposed algorithm was tested and analyzed by simulations and the paper presents a simulator developed by the authors and used for SLAM testing purposes. Chosen simulation results, including maps and UAV trajectories constructed by the SLAM algorithm are included in the paper.
Removing the Influence of Network Effect on Local Position Solution
Authors: Ćwiklak Janusz , Savchuk Stepan , Doskich Sofiya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo investigate and remove the network effect to the national GNSS network the results obtained from three GNSS networks which are tied to ITRF2008 using minimal constraints were compared. The first network is the EUREF Permanent Network (EPN), the second is EPN subnetwork processed by WUT LAC (WUT), the third is exactly Ukraine reference network (URN). The position differences between these networks - EPN and URN (WUT and URN) can reach 9.1 (6.6) mm for X, 4 (3.8) mm for Y and 11.7 (12.2) mm for Z. To obtain consistent station positions and velocities without network effect two weekly solutions were combined. The results demonstrate that the network effect on the local solution (Ukraine reference network) can be eliminated. This approach is valid because the same data analysis strategy was applied during both network processing.
Characterization of organic solar cells using semiconducting polymers with different bandgaps
Authors: Borazan Ismail , Altin Yasin , Demir Ali , Celik Bedeloglu Ayse 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Polymer-based organic solar cells are of great interest as they can be produced with low-cost techniques and also have many interesting features such as flexibility, graded transparency, easy integration, and lightness. However, conventional wide bandgap polymers used for the light-absorbing layer significantly affect the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells because they collect sunlight in a given spectrum range and due to their limited stability. Therefore, in this study, polymers with different bandgaps were used, which could allow for the production of more stable and efficient organic solar cells: P3HT as the wide bandgap polymer, and PTB7 and PCDTBT as low bandgap polymers. These polymers with different bandgaps were combined with PCBM to obtain increased efficiency and optimum photoactive layer in the organic solar cell. The obtained devices were characterized by measuring optical, photoelectrical, and morphological properties. Solar cells using the PTB7 and PCDTBT polymers had more rough surfaces than the reference cell using P3HT. The use of low-bandgap polymers improved I
sc significantly, and when combined with P3HT, a higher V
oc was obtained.
Preparation of nano-SiO2 compound antioxidant and its antioxidant effect on polyphenylene sulfide
Authors: Han Wenxin , Lu Jianjun , Ren Jingyi , Lian Dandan , Xing Junde 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is easily oxidized at high temperature, which greatly limits its applications. In this study, a nano-SiO2 compound antioxidant (SiO2-g-AO) was prepared and incorporated into PPS by melt compounding to obtain PPS/SiO2-g-AO composites. SiO2-g-AO was prepared by reacting 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) (antioxidant AO) with an aminosilane coupling agent (KH792). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed that the antioxidant AO was successfully immobilized on the surface of SiO2 and the thermal stability was improved. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that SiO2-g-AO was uniformly dispersed in PPS. It has been found that the crystallinity and mechanical properties of PPS composites improved, and the dynamic oxidation induction temperature (OIT) increased in the range of 16.7°C–21.1°C. A synergistic anti-oxidation model of nanoparticles and antioxidants, namely a multi-stage antioxidant system, was established by comprehensive analysis of experimental results. The synergistic anti-oxidation model provides a new idea for the antioxidant modification of polymer composites.
How Regulation Effects Corporate Social Responsibility: Corporate Environmental Performance under Different Regulatory Scenarios
Authors: Karassin Orr , Bar-Haim Aviad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn a multilevel corporate social performance model we examine the effects of three different regulatory scenarios on corporate environmental performance (CEP) (relating to compliance and beyond compliance behaviors) as a measure of CSR. The empirical state defined as a “cooperative regulator” is assessed against three simulated scenarios: a “coercive regulator” (more punitive), a “demanding regulator” (strengthened standards) and a “lax regulator” (less punitive and less demanding). The relative effect of different regulatory scenarios is examined within a multilevel multivariate model. The model allows for the estimation of the role of regulatory strategies in relation to other CEP antecedents. The model includes the principal driving factors effecting CEP and incorporates three levels of analysis: institutional, organizational, and individual. The multilevel nature of the design allows for the assessment of the relative importance of the levels and their components in the achievement of CEP. Included in the institutional level are stakeholder expectations, regulatory demands and regulatory power. Included in the organizational level are corporate organizational culture, CSR orientation of managers and organizational leadership. Included in the individual level are personal workplace behaviors and norms, namely: job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. The simulation of regulatory scenarios shows that the empirical “cooperative regulator” has the strongest positive effect on CEP. Contrarily, coercive regulatory practices reduce the internal motivation for compliance and beyond compliance action, although they may increase the external incentives. Laxer regulatory practices reduce the credibility of the normative effect of the regulatory regime and weaken the internal motivation for CEP. While findings show that regulation does play a key role in CEP performance, the organizational level has the strongest and most positive significant relationships with CEP. Organizational culture and manager’s attitudes and behaviors are significant driving forces. Generally, the individual level, depicting workers’ attitudes toward their workplace, is found as insignificant in promoting CEP.
Quantitative Assessment of the Influence of Camera and Parameter Choice for Outdoor Electroluminescence Investigations of Silicon Photovoltaic Panels
Authors: Doll B. , del Rivero E. Calderón , Hepp J. , Pickel T. , Buerhop C. , Knecht R. , Camus C. , Hauch J. , Parisi J. , Brabec C.J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
With the spread of photovoltaics (PV) and increasing diversity in PV panel technology, quantitative comparison of the modules is highly desirable for consistent on-site quality assessment. Electroluminescence imaging reveals many defects, such as macroscopic crystal or electrical contact defects, but quantitative comparison outside the laboratory without controlled environment is still difficult, especially for different detector technologies. Here, we show how this problem can be addressed by adding reference spots in the module area: One passive dark spot and an active bright spot composed of a high-power back-contacted silicon PV cell. Those reference spots are used to evaluate the module’s electroluminescence signal under different environmental conditions and to establish comparable results. Additionally, the comparison of images acquired with different camera technology detectors, such as silicon and InGaAs, is realised for signal levels.
Neurologic Outcome After Prematurity: Perspectives of Parents and Clinicians
Authors: Lemmon Monica E. , Huffstetler Hanna , Barks Mary Carol , Kirby Christine , Katz Madelaine , Ubel Peter A. , Docherty Sharron L. , Brandon Debra 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND:
Parents and clinicians caring for premature infants face high-stakes and time-sensitive decisions about care. We aimed to characterize how parents and clinicians discuss outcome in the context of decision-making for premature infants.

METHODS:
In this qualitative descriptive study, we used a case-based, prospective design. Cases of extreme prematurity were targeted. Parents and clinicians completed semistructured interviews about care decisions longitudinally in the first year of life. Interview data were analyzed by using directed content analysis.

RESULTS:
Sixteen parents and 53 clinicians of 10 infants completed 178 interviews (n = 115 parent; n = 63 clinician). Two primary themes emerged. First, parents and clinicians discussed prognostic information differently from each other. Parents focused on whether their infant would survive, whereas clinicians concentrated on neurologic outcome and the potential for life with disability. Parent discussion of the future was broad and rooted in hope and spirituality. Clinician prognostic language was narrowly focused and probabilistic. Second, we identified barriers and facilitators to a shared understanding of infant outcome. Clinicians perceived that parents were unaware of or unable to process important information about the big picture. Parents valued consistent therapeutic relationships; transitions of care and underused roles of the care team undermined this consistency. Clinical uncertainty forced parents and clinicians to “wait and see” about the future.

CONCLUSIONS:
Parents and clinicians discuss and weigh information about the future differently from each other as they consider choices for extremely premature infants. Future work should characterize the impact of these differences on prognostic communication and decision-making.