bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Expression Profiles of lncRNAs and Their Regulatory Network During Smek1/2 Knockout Mouse Neural Stem Cells Differentiation
Authors: Yang Qichang , Wu Jing , Zhao Jian , Xu Tianyi , Han Ping , Song Xiaofeng 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Previous studies indicated that the cell fate of neural stem cells (NSCs)
after differentiation is determined by Smek1, one isoform of suppressor of Mek null (Smek). Smek
deficiency prevents NSCs from differentiation, thus affects the development of nervous system. In
recent years, lncRNAs have been found to participate in numerous developmental and biological
pathways. However, the effects of knocking out Smek on the expression profiles of lncRNAs
during the differentiation remain unknown.

Objective:
This study is to explore the expression profiles of lncRNAs and their possible function
during the differentiation from Smek1/2 knockout NSCs.

Methods:
We obtained NSCs from the C57BL/6J mouse fetal cerebral cortex. One group of NSCs
was from wildtype mouse (WT group), while another group was from knocked out Smek1/2 (KO
group).

Results:
By analyzing the RNA-Seq data, we found that after knocking out Smek1/2, the
expression profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs revealed significant changes. Analyses indicated that
these affected mRNAs have connections with the pathway network for the differentiation and
proliferation of NSCs. Furthermore, we performed a co-expression network analysis on the
differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs, which helped reveal the possible regulatory rules
of lncRNAs during the differentiation after knocking out Smek1/2.

Conclusion:
By comparing group WT with KO, we found 366 differentially expressed mRNAs
and 12 lncRNAs. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis on these mRNAs suggested their
relationships with differentiation and proliferation of NSCs. Some of these mRNAs and lncRNAs
have been verified to play regulatory roles in nervous system. Analyses on the co-expression
network also indicated the possible functions of affected mRNAs and lncRNAs during NSCs
differentiation after knocking out Smek1/2.
Dose-Dependent Tissue Distribution of K117, a Bis-pyridinium Aldoxime, in Rats
Authors: Kalász Huba , Karvaly Gellért , Musilek Kamil , Kuca Kamil , Young-Sik Jung , Malawska Barbara , Adeghate Ernest A. , Nurulain Syed M. , Szepesy Judit , Zelles Tibor , Tekes Kornélia 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Bis-pyridinium aldoximes are reactivators of the paraoxon-inhibited butyrylcholinesterase enzyme. Paraoxon is the active product of parathion, a widely used insecticide.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to examine the dose-dependent distribution of K117, a bis-pyridinium aldoxime in rat tissues.

Materials and Methods:
White male Wistar rats were intramuscularly injected with various doses of K117; the animals were sacrificed 30 minutes after injections. The dose-dependent body distribution of K117 was determined using reversed-phase HPLC.

Results:
Dose-dependent distribution of K117 in body tissues was linear in the serum and other body tissues throughout the whole range of the concentrations studied. However, the of distribution was not observed in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, especially with high doses.

Conclusion:
The body distribution of K117 significantly depends on doses used, the p-value is: 500 nmol, i.m., when applied in the range of 100 to 10,000 nmol.
Effectiveness of Randomized Controlled Field Trial Instructing Parents to Supervise Children on Tooth Brushing Skills and Oral Hygiene
Authors: Zacharias Shukuru , Kahabuka Febronia Kokulengya , Mbawalla Hawa Shariff 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Educating parents on supervision of tooth brushing ensures effective plaque removal, healthy gums and attainment of tooth brushing skills.

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of educating parents about children’s tooth brushing supervision on their own knowledge and act of supervision, their children’s tooth brushing skills, plaque score and gingival health.

Methods:
Two arms cluster randomized controlled field trial among 8-9 years primary school pupils and their parents. The intervention trial was an educational leaflet on step by step supervision of children during tooth brushing. The outcomes were; improved tooth brushing skills, oral hygiene status and gingival health, parental awareness and supervision of children’s tooth brushing. Data processing and statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. Frequency distribution for proportions, cross tabulations with Chi-square and adjusted binary logistic regression were performed.

Results:
A total of 237 pupils were followed to completion of the study. The odds of parents being aware and supervising children during tooth brushing were higher in the intervention group at follow-up 4.5 (1.5, 13.4) and 2.4 (1.3, 4.5) respectively. The unadjusted odds for good oral hygiene following intervention was 3.1 (1.4, 6.9) and that of tooth brushing skills 61.8 (7.7, 498.6). On adjusting with parental awareness and supervision of children during tooth brushing, odds of having tooth brushing skills increased to 88.2 (9.2, 847.4).

Conclusion:
Providing education to parents on children tooth brushing supervision effectively improved children’s tooth brushing skills, plaque score and gingival health emanating from awareness and act of supervision improvements revealed on their part.
Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Buriti (Mauritia Flexuosa) Oil: Yield and Antioxidant Compounds
Authors: Silva Jezica P.P. , Rodrigues Antonio M.C. , Silva Luiza H.M. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction:Enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction is considered an emerging green technique that has been applied to different oilseeds.Objective:This study aimed to study the enzymatic aqueous extraction process of buriti oil using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) combined with the response surface methodology aiming to obtain higher yield and antioxidant compounds in the oil.Methods:The study was carried out in two steps. The first assessed the efficiency of different enzymes (cellulase, pectinase, and protease) and the variables of greater influence in the extraction process, being conducted for each enzyme a CCRD design. The second step was carried out with the enzyme that showed the best performance on the extraction yield, changing the experimental bands of the variables that had greater significance in the first step, with the goal of broadening the spectrum of study. Were also evaluated in this step, total carotenoids, total phenolic compounds, and the antioxidant capacity of the oils extracted.Results:In the first experiment, cellulase gave the highest yield, while the most significant variables were temperature and time. For the second design, performed with cellulase, were defined as optimal operating conditions at 55 °C temperature, 2% enzyme concentration and 6 hours extraction. For these conditions, the yield obtained was 76.5%, with total carotenoid concentration of 3,119.5 µg β-carotene.g-1. Analysis of variance was performed and showed the significance of the regression and non-significance of the lack-of-fit (p<0.05). The coefficients of determination of the yield and carotenoid content were 95.6% and 94.5%, respectively. The highest value of total phenolic compounds determined for buriti oil in this study was 254 ± 5 µg GAE.g-1oil, while for the antioxidant capacity was 218.0 ± 0.3 µmol Trolox.g-1oil.Conclusion:The enzymatic aqueous extraction process is viable for buriti oil and produced oils with high concentrations of antioxidant compounds.
Study of Acidified Aqueous Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyces
Authors: Piovesana Alessandra , Noreña Caciano P. Zapata 
Published: March 2019

Introduction:Hibiscus calyces are important sources from anthocyanins and pigments. The recovery of these bioactive compounds using non-organic solvents becomes very attractive for the food industry.Methods:For this reason, the separation of phenolic compounds by acidified aqueous extraction from hibiscus calyces was studied. The experiments were conducted by a fractional factorial design.Result and Conclusion:Four factors were evaluated: temperature, time, stirring speed and enzyme concentration. The extracts produced were subjected to analysis of color (L*,a*,b*andChroma), total monomeric anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity by ABTS and fourteen phenolic compounds were quantified. The results showed that the best condition to obtain hibiscus calyces extract was using an enzyme concentration of 50 µL/1000 g hibiscus extract, 400 rpm of stirring speed at 55 ºC by 4 hours of extraction, that corresponded to concentrations of 17595, 7516, 2568 μg/g, expressed on a dry basis, for total phenolic compounds, delphinidin 3-sambubioside and cyanidin 3-sambubioside, respectively, and antioxidant capacity measured by ABTS of 7.8 µmol of Trolox equivalent per gram.
Bone Mineral Density and Bone Remodeling in Tunisian Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Ben Jemaa Samar , Chtourou Lassaad , Akrout Rim , Chaabouni Khansa , Chaabouni Tarek , Fourati Hela Makni , Amouri Ali , Tahri Nabil , Ayedi Fatma , Baklouti Sofien 
Published: March 2019

Background:A high prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis is observed in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).Objective:The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of bone loss, bone remodeling and risk factors in Tunisian patient with IBD.Patients and Methods:The study included 40 patients with IBD and 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls subjects. All participants underwent bone densitometry by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at the femoral neck and lumbar spine. Serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin(OC), and urinary degradation products of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTXI) were measured in all participants to assess the bone metabolism status.Results:Twelve (30%) patients were normal, 32.5% were osteopenic and 37.5% were osteoporotic. Osteoporosis was more frequent in IBD patients than controls (p=0.0001). Age and inflammation were associated with low bone mineral density (BMD). Mean calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase levels were similar in both groups. Median 25(OH) D levels were significantly lower in IBD patients compared with controls (p=0.0001). Median urinary CTXI levels were significantly higher in IBD patients compared with healthy controls (p=0.007). No significant differences between IBD patients and controls concerning the median serum OC and PTH levels were found.Conclusion:In our study, there is a high prevalence of low BMD in IBD patients and an increase in bone resorption without a change of bone formation. Low BMI and hypovitaminoses D were identified as risk factors for low BMD.
Revisiting The Meaning of A Good Nurse
Authors: Kim Go-Un , Jung Eunyoung , Cho Mikyeong , Han Soo Y. , Jang Mira , Lee Mikyung , Lee Sumi , Suh Yujin , Yun Hye Y. , Kim Sue , Shim Mi So 
Published: March 2019

Background:The health care paradigm is being challenged to put greater emphasis on promoting a healthy lifestyle and provide patient-customized care in a rapidly changing Korean society. Within such changes, it is worthwhile to identify how the meaning of a good nurse may be changing.Objective:This study explores the meaning of a good nurse from the perspective of nurses themselves.Methods:In-depth interviews were conducted with ten nurses who worked at senior general hospitals or governmental agencies using purposeful sampling. Individual interviews were done until data saturation was reached. The key question was “What does a good nurse mean to you?” After the interview, content analysis was done.Results:Six main themes and 16 subthemes were identified. The main themes showed that a good nurse was someone who ‘leans in toward the patient’, ‘provides professional care’, ‘keeps the cornerstone of one’s mind with a positive attitude’, ‘maintains a good relationship with colleagues’, ‘matures with her/his nursing philosophy and conviction’, ‘contributes to society’.Conclusion:This study provides basic data for exploring nurses’ self-image as a professional. Specifically, social role and macro level responsibilities were identified with nurses’ internal aspects such as a positive attitude, and nursing philosophy. The necessity of socio-environmental support for nurses was also emphasized. In addition, the results of this study can be used at the policy level to provide a better balance for development of good nursing.
BeaTicket - Beacon Based Ticketing System
Authors: Jain Vanita , Khurana Yogesh , Kharbanda Mayank , Mehta Kanav 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
In this paper, we have implemented the Beacon Based Ticketing System,
which uses the bluetooth of the smartphone that senses the Beacon in the bus and interacts with the
backend server to issue a ticket to the user. All the ticket generation and completion process is done
in the background without the interaction of the user. Our model employs Contactless approach for
Ticket Generation unlike the smartcard or token that need to be touched against the terminal.

Method:
The basic model of Beacon based Ticketing System consists of 3 devices: Beacon, Bluetooth
equipped smartphone and server. Whenever a passenger will board a bus, beacon attached to
the bus will broadcast the information which will be detected by an application installed on the user’s
smartphone. There is a unique ID for every beacon and that beacon will be used to uniquely determine
the bus number. The UID will be send to the server which will check for the minimum balance
in the wallet which is integrated into the application itself and generate the ticket correspondingly.
Now when the passenger de-boards the bus, the information is sent again to the server which
deducts the money from the wallet and sends the trip summary back to the user’s device. This system
increases the efficiency of the process and provides comfort and ease to the passengers.

Results:
This model provides Offline Ticket Generation system, it allows the user to travel without
internet access, and as soon it becomes available, the locally stored board and de-board time are sent
to the server, which determines the respective locations, and accordingly the fare is deducted from
the wallet. The Trip History, stores the records of all previous trips and displays them to the user in
reverse chronological order.

Conclusion:
We have successfully implemented a Bus Ticketing System based on Beacon Technology.
The Ticket Generation can be done both offline and online and payment will be made using the wallet
provided to each user, that is integrated in the application itself. Offline Ticket Generation allowed the user
to travel even without internet access. Our model also provided Contactless feature so that the user does
not need to touch the smartphone against any terminal or scan any barcode. Optimizer feature notifies the
user if the bus is nearby so that the user’s waiting time is minimised at the bus stop.
A Study of Wireless Body Area Networks and its Routing Protocols for Healthcare Environment
Authors: Kaur Ramanpreet , Pasricha Ruchi , Kaur Bikrampal 
Published: March 2019

Background:
The increased cost of treatments in the health care industry and advancements
in technologies have led to a promising area of development in Wireless Sensor
Networks and semiconductor technologies. Wireless Body Area Networks is a subset of WSN in
which sensor nodes are placed on the human body or implanted inside the body to determine various
physical parameters of the human body. This information is forwarded to the medical centers
or central servers through gateways. The direct advantage of this technology is the existence
of portable health monitoring applications as well as location independent monitoring applications.
But, still, the existence of smart hospitals needs a lot of focused research related to practical
problems faced by patients as well as practitioners.

Introduction:
The aim of this paper is to present an essential depiction of WBAN development
in both medical and non- medical applications. The important features of various wireless technologies
supported by WBAN have also been presented. It is apparent that to determine the
overall performance of a network in terms of different parameters like temperature, power consumption,
throughput and delay, etc., a significant role is played by the routing protocols. Since
WBAN directly deals with the human body and hence implementation of a new protocol is a
challenging task before researchers, this paper reviews each category of routing protocols and
their corresponding limitations. A comparison among routing protocols will guide researchers in
implementing a specific protocol for targeted application. The paper also focuses on the future of
WBAN which will provide the research areas for further exploration.

Conclusion:
It is found that QoS aware protocols are employed specifically for critical applications.
If we consider radiation imparted from the sensors and tissue protection of the human
body, the thermal aware routing protocol is the solution. Another important conclusion of this
paper is that the various protocols do not provide an optimal solution for selecting the forward
node during routing and this solution primarily depends on the residual energy of the nodes and
distance of the node from the sink. A study of protocols developed from 2004 onwards till date
shows that implementation of WBAN using integration of IoT, EoT, and fog computing has been
the emerging topic of research in recent years.
An Optimal Solution for Eco-reliability Stochastic Modeling of Simultaneous Reconfiguration of Distribution Networks and Allocation of Renewable Energy Resources, Capacitors and D-facts
Authors: Karimi Masoumeh , Oskuee Mohammad R.J. , Ravdanegh Sajad N. 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
A new method based on stochastic modeling of simultaneous optimal reconfiguration
of distribution networks and allocation of multiple Distribution STATic COMpensator
and renewable energy resources as new developed technologies is suggested in this paper.

Background:
This problem involves vital uncertain parameters such as: intermittent nature of renewable
energy sources, load forecasting and market price errors. Krill Herd Algorithm as a powerful
optimization solution is applied to solve suggested problem.

Methods:
Several effective cost based consequences can be achieved by proposed technique like:
DG units installation and operation costs, D-Statcom installation cost, capacitor costs, cost of purchased
energy from the transmission network, active and reactive power losses cost, line upgrade
cost and distribution system reconfiguration cost.

Results:
In addition, energy not supplied as a vital reliability index incorporated in the cost function
aims to improve network’s reliability efficiently.

Conclusion:
IEEE 33 bus radial distribution system is used here to check the practicability of the
proposed scheme.
Research on the Control Strategy of PWM Rectifier under Unbalanced Grid
Authors: Bu Wenshao , Wang Chaochao , Li Jinwei 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Aiming at the three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier (VSR), there
have been some researches on the neural network control strategies, but the unbalanced power grid
condition is always neglected. Meanwhile, about the self-detection technology of the unbalanced
power grid voltage, there are still few researches.

Methods:
Under the unbalanced power grid conditions, this work presents a power grid voltage
sensorless control strategy of the three-phase VSR. Based on the radial basis function neural network
(RBF) theory, a newly PI controller with parameter self-tuning function is studied, and the
RBF-PI controller is used for the closed-loop controls of the voltage and current variables. By
means of T/4 delay method, the positive- and negative-sequence components of the power grid side
current, and those of the equivalent virtual flux-linkage of unbalanced power grid are extracted.
From the equivalent virtual flux-linkage, the unbalanced power grid voltage is reconstructed
online.

Results:
Under the load mutation condition, the power grid voltage sensorless control of threephase
VSR is achieved, the system response characteristics are analyzed. From the simulation experimental
results, it can be seen that the unbalanced power grid voltage can be quickly tracked,
and the sinusoidal control of the power grid side current can be achieved. In addition, the control
system has a series of advantages, such as a faster dynamic response speed, a stronger robustness
and a smaller DC side voltage ripple.

Conclusion:
The proposed unbalanced power grid voltage sensorless control strategy of threephase
VSR is effective.
The Investigation of Thermodynamic and Kinetic Effects in TiO2/Al2O3/ PVDF Composite Membrane Forming Process
Authors: Yan Lu , Ping Fan 
Published: March 2019

Background:
The addition of inorganic nano dioxide (TiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) particles
into the organic polymer material Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) can enhance the composite membranes’
hydrophilicity and anti-pollution capacity in the water treatment process.

Objective:
The study aimed to investigate thermodynamic and kinetic effects of the inorganic nanoparticles
on composite membrane in the membrane forming process.

Method:
The turbid point titration method was adopted to determine casting solution phase separation
point of the system and draw ternary phase diagrams. Ternary system phase diagrams were used
to investigate the thermodynamic effects of nanoparticles on the membrane forming process. UV
spectrophotometer transmittance decline curves of the casting solution system added different
amounts of nanoparticles were measured in order to investigate the kinetic effects of nanoparticles in
the membrane forming process.

Results:
The results show that nanoparticles have a very high specific surface area, which can make
strong adsorption of PVDF polymer chain and reduce the cohesive energy of the polymer in the casting
solution. The membrane forming system is more prone to phase separation, thereby reducing the
sedimentation values of the phase separation point. The casting solution system becomes unstable
thermodynamically. The decreasing trend casting solution system and precipitation values is obvious
in the range of 1% to 3% nanoparticles content and this trend weakens when nanoparticles content is
4%. Nanoparticles can decrease the ability of non-solvent to accommodate in the casting solution and
make membrane form in smaller non-solvent concentration. The hydrophilic nanoparticles in the
casting solution can affect mass transfer resistance of the solvent and non-solvent and augment mass
transfer driving force for mutual diffusion of the solvent and non-solvent thus shortening the membrane
forming time from the casting solution being immersed in the gelation bath for membrane formation.
In the system with PVP as pore-forming agent, the process takes about 800s without nanoparticles
addition and about 600s to complete the process after adding the nanoparticles.

Conclusion:
The addition of nanoparticles reduces the cohesive energy of the polymer in the casting
solution, the casting solution becomes unstable in thermodynamics; The addition of nanoparticles increases
the mass transfer force by bidirectional diffusion of solvent and non-solvent in the casting solution.