bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mandatory pension funds in Chile: decline of the arrangement?
Authors: Ząbkowicz Anna 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Chile has been both a pioneer and the most radical follower of the idea of converting pension savings into contributions to privately-managed capital funds. Two recent portions of reforms under President Bachelet extended the social safety net as well as re-introduced publicly-administered programs on behalf of retirees.
Does such direction, in the country with the longest lasting evidence of privatized fully-funded pensions mean a fall of the arrangement? The article attempts a political-economic argumentation in aim to form the answer.
The premise is that risk sharing constitutes a crucial issue in insurance industry where old-age security is largely placed. In social security segment the risk of default on liabilities is backed by taxing capacity of the state; in fully-funded-pensions plans normally this is individual contributor who faces the portfolio risk. Therefore change in risk sharing between the contributors to the funds, pension management companies and the state is fundamental for evaluation of the reforms. The review of Chilean reforms reveals an institutional arrangement which is fundamental to risk sharing, namely the relation between contribution and benefit, left intact. This finding supports the conclusion that bringing recently the state back into retirement system can not be conceived as any systemic revolution.
The Factors Affecting Entrepreneurship Intention
Authors: Herdjiono Irine , Puspa Yeni Hastin , Maulany Gerzon , Aldy Benedictus Elnath 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This research examined the effects of family environment, self concept, motivation and risk taking propensity on entrepreneurship intention in Merauke, the border area of Indonesia. Conducted by collecting data from 382 college student through questionnaire. This study applied linear regression analysis. The results showed family environment, self concept, motivation and risk taking propensity significantly affected entrepreneurship intention. The study implies that individual factor such as self-concept, motivation, and risk taking propensity together with social factor, family environment affect entrepreneurial intention.
An Investigation of Entrepreneurial Intention Among Entrepreneurship Students in South-West Nigeria Polytechnics
Authors: Bako Y.A. , Ajibode I.A. , Oluseye A.B. , Aladelusi K. B. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This study was undertaken to explore the entrepreneurial intention of Polytechnic Students in Nigeria with case study of the Federal Polytechnic Ilaro. The population for the study was all students from various department undergoing entrepreneurship education/training in the polytechnics in south-west Nigeria. The sample size for the study is 3000 respondents. The respondent were selected by using simple random sampling. Logistic regression model was used for the hypothesis tested. The two environmental factors examined were Family environment and Nigeria environment. The impact/significant of these factors were examined to know how they can impact on students entrepreneurship intention. The study revealed that parental entrepreneurship skill directly influence students’ entrepreneurial intention and that opportunities that exist in Nigeria affect students’ entrepreneurial intention. Hence, the researcher suggest that schools should involve the services of psychologist and motivational speakers in Nigeria entrepreneurship curriculum in order to work on the students’ reasoning mentality about entrepreneurship.
Supply Chain Management and Operational Performance in Nigeria: A Panel Regression Model Approach
Authors: Shobayo P. B. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The research examined the effect of supply chain management on firm’s operational performance in Nigeria manufacturing companies with specific interest on supply chain strategy and supply chain flexibility. A random effect model was developed to examine whether there is a significant effect on the variables identified, and the level of significance that exist in the variables. This study adopts an ex post-facto type of descriptive research design using Secondary sources to generate the data. The data were gathered from the annual report of manufacturing companies between 2011 and 2016. Findings revealed that supply chain management does not have a significant overall effect on operational performance at Prob value =0.343 which is above the sig. level of <.005, and the magnitude of variation which supply chain management cause on operational performance is 7.6% for all the companies samples which is significantly low. Hence, it is recommended that the management of a company’s supply chain do not necessarily affect their operations; thus organizations can adopt a combination of strategies and flexibilities in their level of operation.
A Proof of Principle Study of the Terminal Sterilization of Prefilled Syringes Using A Water Cascade Process
Authors: Drost-Wijnne Anne J.A. , Van Wezel Ralph A.C. , Deenen Maarten J. , Van Doornmalen Gomez Hoyos Joost P.C.M. , Grouls René J.E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
A new development in drug compounding is the production of ready-to-administer sterilized prefilled syringes. A challenge with these syringes is the method of terminal sterilization. There is no information available whether water cascade sterilization is a suitable method. We investigated the effect of this sterilization method on cyclic olefin (co)polymer (CCP/COC) syringes.

Methods
For two brands ten prefilled syringes were sterilized using water cascade sterilization. The closure integrity, stopper movement, weight, diameter and physical appearance were determined before and after sterilization. As sterility test, additional syringes were filled with tryptic soy broth (TSB) and sterilized. After fourteen days microbiological growth was determined.

Results
Closure integrity testing showed no dye penetration inside the syringe. Together with the results for weight this showed that closure integrity is guaranteed. No significant stopper movement, deviation in diameter or visual anomalies were observed. No microbiological growth in TSB was visible.

Conclusions
The results of this proof of principle study show that the physical and microbiological stability of the cyclic olefin (co)polymer syringes is guaranteed during sterilization using a water cascade sterilizer. These results do not rule out the necessity for further stability experiments (e. g. interaction with drug product) to further proof the concept.
Analysis on the impact response of fiber-reinforced composite laminates: an emphasis on the FEM simulation
Authors: He Jian , He Liang , Yang Bin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The effects of units, material parameters, and constitutive relationships on the dynamic mechanical response of composite laminates subjected to high- and low-velocity impacts were investigated. Additionally, the role of impact or shape, including hemispherical, flat, and conical, on the damage area of the adhesive layer and displacement of the center of the laminated plates was investigated. The results show that the energy absorption of composite laminates increases with impact velocity, and specific energy absorption changes with the density of the contact surface, which is affected by ply thickness. Moreover, the target energy absorption decreases with increasing layer angle. Under a low-velocity impact, the maximum contact force, damage area of the adhesive layer, and displacement of the center of the laminated plate increase as the impact energy increases, thus showing that impact energy is not directly related to contact duration and energy absorption of composite laminates. The results of different geometric shapes show that the damage area of the adhesive layer and the displacement of the center of the laminated plates are largest for a conical impactor and smallest for a flat impactor.
Positive Wirtschaftsanalyse oder normativer Wirtschaftsentwurf?
Authors: Kremser Christian E. W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Many people consider Adam Smith the first economist to describe the functioning of capitalism. In fact, Smith must be considered less the discoverer of capitalism, but rather as its inventor. The economic laws Smith formulated are institutionally bound to the commercial society, to use the corresponding phrase of Smith, which at that time – at least in its liberal version – has not yet be materialized. In this sense, it represents a utopia of economic policy that still had to be realized. Smith’s comments on commercial society should therefore be understood less as a positive economic analysis than as a normative economic draft.
Tragfähiger sozialer Arbeitsmarkt – Solidarisches Grundeinkommen für alle oder Teilhabeförderung für wenige?
Authors: Bonin Holger 
Published: August 2018

AbtractThe comment assesses two opposed approaches to design a social labor market for better social inclusion of the unemployed currently under debate in Germany. One approach is the so-called solidary basic income which would offer a choice to take up public employment to all unemployed on social welfare. We argue that the proposal raises serious concerns on both equity and efficiency grounds. In particular, it may lead capable unemployed into dead ends and generate economic losses, as it shifts reservation wages concerning private sector jobs upwards by a wide margin. The other approach is permanent subsidized employment for unemployed welfare recipients with no chance to regain regular jobs. We argue that this might be an efficient approach to foster social inclusion, provided that access to the targeted social labor market is strictly controlled, that subsidized employed is primarily organized within the private sector, and that subsidized employment is accompanied by social casework.
Kavalierstour: Kulturkontakte und Fremdheitserfahrungen
Authors: Winkler-Ebner David 
Published: August 2018

The following seminar-paper is about the Grand Tour of European nobleman in the early modern period. It will examine, which cultural aspects were primarily perceived by the travelers and which evidences of feelings of “strangeness” or “otherness” appear in their travel reports. As will be shown, the travelers paid a lot of attention to architecture and historiography, but there is hardly any evidence of feelings of otherness regarding these topics, whereas language, clothing and cuisine are hardly ever mentioned but if they are, it always happens in a context, in which the travelers experienced alterity.
Mürteza Bedir, Ebû Hanîfe Entelektüel Biyografi, İstanbul: Ay Yayınları, 2018, 191 sayfa.
Authors: KAMER Hamit 
Published: August 2018

Mezheplerin teşekkül sürecinde zamanın değişmesiyle hükümlerin de değişeceği gerçeğini dikkate alan fıkıhçılar, nasların ışığında kendi görüşlerini dile getirmekten kaçınmamışlardır. İslâm dininin devamlılığının buna bağlı olduğunu düşünen fakihlerden biri de Ebû Hanîfe’dir. Rey ekolünün kurucusu olarak bilinen Ebû Hanîfe’nin entelektüel birikimi yakın talebeleri eliyle sistemleştirilmiş ve daha sonraları Hanefîlik adıyla günümüz İslâm dünyasının dört büyük Sünnî mezhebinden biri halini almıştır. Mürteza Bedir’in burada tanıtılacak çalışması Ebû Hanîfe hakkındaki klasik ve çağdaş literatüre eklemlenen çağdaş ve iddialı bir eser olarak öne çıkmakta ve bir biyografiyi aşan yönleriyle dikkat çekmektedir.
Are Stock Prices a Random Walk? An Empirical Evidence of Asian Stock Markets
Authors: Rehman Seema , Chhapra Imran Umer , Kashif Muhammmad , Rehan Raja 
Published: August 2018

Investigating if the market is efficient is an old issue as market efficiency is imperative for channeling investments to best-valued projects and its importance endures. There is contradictory evidence in the literature provided by empirical researches. The primary purpose of this research has been to find out whether share prices are a random walk process by applying multiple unit root tests, Runs Test and newly developed State Space Model. The empirical findings of the study provide sufficient evidence that the stock prices of KSE 100 Index, S & P BSE 500 Index, and CSE All Share Index is not a random walk process and are thus weak form inefficient hypothesis. In this study, the concept of the random walk is examined considering only the stock markets while bypassing the other asset markets. This research supply exciting facts about independent samples from Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh and complement the existing literature on emerging markets.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v17i2.7102
Competitiveness and Factors Affecting Indonesian Food Industry’s Export to Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
Authors: Wardani Mia Ayu , Mulatsih Sri , Rindayati Wiwiek 
Published: August 2018

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is regional cooperation between ASEAN, Australia, China, India, Japan, South Korea and New Zealand. The vast potential of the RCEP provides an opportunity for the improvement of the Indonesian economy. This study aims to analyze the comparative advantages and dynamics export of Indonesia’s food industry as well as the factors affecting exports. The methods used Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), and panel data. The results indicate that food industry generally has strong competitiveness in the RCEP market except in Australia, Cambodia, Japan, Korea and Laos. Meanwhile, the dynamics position of food industry exports is rising star in ten countries, and the rest are in the position of falling star and retreat. Factors that influence food exports are economic distance, real GDP per capita of the destination country, the population of the destination country, price export, trade openness and tariff.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v17i2.7239
Combined minimally invasive treatment of liver and bile ducts malignancies
Authors: Melekhina O. V. , Kulezneva Yu. V. , Efanov M. G. , Musatov A. B. 
Published: August 2018

Aim. To analyze radiofrequency ablation per se and in combination with other X-ray surgical procedures in patients with liver and bile ducts malignancies. Material and methods. Radiofrequency ablation was used in three groups: percutaneous intervention or in combination with liver resection – group 1 (n = 111); ablation combined with intra-arterial chemoembolization (n = 3) – group 2; RFA followed by right portal vein embolization (RALPPES) in order to induce liver hypertrophy to enable liver resection – group 3 (n = 20). Results. There were no recurrences after radiofrequency ablation. Two-year survival was 55% in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis.Colorectal cancer metastases were followed by 4-year survival near 55%. RFA combined with intra-arterial chemoembolization were associated with complete tumor destruction in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma over 4–5 cm and stabilization in patients with progressive intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Liver hypertrophy was over 50% in two weeks after RALPPES that enables liver resection in 95% of patients. Symptoms of liver failure after hemihepatectomy were not observed in any patients. Conclusion. Combination of interventional methods is able to improve outcomes in patients with liver and bile ducts malignancies.
Severe acute pancreatitis: risk factors of adverse outcomes and their correction
Authors: Darvin V. V. , Onishchenko S. V. , Loginov E. V. , Kabanov A. A. 
Published: August 2018

Aim. To analyze management of severe acute destructive pancreatitis and to determine the main tactical, anatomical and pathophysiological factors determining risks of adverse outcomes. Material and methods. 3581 patients with acute pancreatitis were enrolled. Retrospectively, 239 patients were assigned to severe pancreatic necrosis; invasive surgical techniques were applied in 210 cases. Twenty-nine patients with pancreatic necrosis underwent endoscopic papillosphincterotomy with main pancreatic duct stenting. Results. Overall mortality in patients with severe pancreatic necrosis was 32.3%, in case of minimally invasive techniques – 29.6%, conventional approach – 34.1%. There were similar outcomes regardless surgical technique in patients with pancreatic necrosis (p > 0.05), although introduction of main statements of national recommendations for treatment of pancreatic necrosis (regardless severity) reduced mortality from 25.4% to 9.5% (p < 0.001). Advanced parapancreatitis was accompanied by mortality near 36.5%. Stenting of main pancreatic duct was followed by death of 3 out of 29 patients with pancreatic necrosis (10.3%). Conclusion. Indications and choice of surgical approach according to national recommendations are not accompanied by improved postoperative mortality in patients with severe pancreatic necrosis and multiple organ failure. However, according to analysis on the whole, there is reduced postoperative mortality regardless severity of disease if these recommendations are sustained. Widespread involvement of retroperitoneal structures is adverse prognostic factor. Early endoscopic intraduodenal drainage in effective to prevent parapancreatic tissues.
Features of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis and signs of ”non-functioning” gallbladder
Authors: Greyasov V. I. , Chuguyevsky V. M. , Sivokon N. I. , Agapov M. A. 
Published: August 2018

Aim. To improve outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with chronic cholecystitis and signs of “nonfunctioning” gallbladder via development of preventive, curative and diagnostic measures. Material and methods. Laparoscopic cholecystectomу was performed in 14 764 patients with chronic cholecystitis. Incidence and causes of intraoperative injury of extrahepatic bile ducts were retrospectively analyzed. Three basic forms of “non-functioning” gallbladder (hydropsy, sclerosis and atrophy, total filling by stones) were. Results. Biliary injury followed by bile leakage occurred in 38 (0.25%) cases. Intraoperative and early postoperative diagnosis was in 11 (28.9%) and 27 (71.1%) patients, respectively. Tangential trauma of common bile duct was found in 3 (7.8%) cases, complete intersection – in 8 (21%) patients. Herewith, 6 of them had sclerosis, 2 – total filling of gallbladder by stones. New diagnostic and curative approach was followed by only 2 (0.04%) cases of early postoperative bile leakage in 2010–2015. Injury of common bile duct was absent within the same period. Sclerosis and atrophy of gallbladder were diagnosed prior to surgery. Conclusion. There are 3 types of “non-functioning” gallbladder with risk of biliary trauma during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Sclerosis and atrophy of gallbladder are predominantly followed by certain difficulties during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. New diagnostic and curative approach is useful to prevent iatrogenic biliary trauma.
PROCESSO DE ASSISTÊNCIA AO PARTO NORMAL EM UMA MATERNIDADE PÚBLICA DO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ, 2015.
Authors: Almeida Bruna Fernandes , Ribeiro José Francisco , Araújo Kleiton Richard da Silva , Lopes Lavôr Tássio Breno De Sousa 
Published: August 2018

OBJETIVO: analisar o processo de assistência ao parto natural em uma maternidade pública de referência para o estado do Piauí, no ano de 2015. MÉTODOS: Estudo de natureza exploratório descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 120 puérperas que tiveram parto normal e admitidas nas enfermarias, a coleta de dados ocorreu no período de abril e maio de 2015, através de entrevistas com as puérperas e de dados obtidos no prontuário da mesma e do recém-nascido, por meio de um instrumento de coleta de dados previamente elaborados pelos pesquisadores, para a análise dos dados utilizou-se o programa estatístico SPSS versão 20.0. RESULTADOS: dinâmica uterina 8,3%, toque vaginal 99,2%, ausculta dos batimentos cardíacos fetais 98,3%, jejum 5,8%, repouso 3,8%, controle não farmacológico da dor 32,5%, preenchimento do partograma 68,3%, presença do acompanhante 58,3%, episiotomia 18,3%, posição semi-vertical 90%, contato pele-a-pele mãe e bebê 95,8%, apgar, vitamina K e medidas antropométricas em 100% dos bebês, aleitamento materno na primeira hora de vida 77,5%. CONCLUSÕES: o processo de assistência ao parto natural está sendo realizado de forma adequada, mas existem melhorias a serem alcançadas, além da busca de novos estudos que possibilitem identificar o que pode ser feito para diminuir ou sanar as dificuldades encontradas.
VULNERABILIDADE SOCIAL E INDIVIDUAL E A GRAVIDEZ NA ADOLESCÊNCIA
Authors: Do Nascimento Marcia Da Silva , Lippi Umberto Gazi , Santos Alvaro Da Silva 
Published: August 2018

Este estudo tem como objetivo traçar o perfil de vulnerabilidade individual e social e a susceptibilidade à gravidez na adolescência. Trata-se um estudo descritivo com amostra não probabilística realizado em cinco Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de São Paulo em novembro de 2013. Foram sujeitos de pesquisa, 50 adolescentes grávidas. Dentre os principais resultados de vulnerabilidade individual têm-se a faixa etaria das pesquisadas entre 14 a 19 anos e 28% referido utilização de contraceptivos para evitar a atual gestação; na vulnerabilidade social têm-se 94% referido renda per capita de meio salário mínimo, 48% menos de 8 anos de estudo, 64% não estudavam e, 60% não trabalhavam. São vários os determinantes para a gravidez na adolescência, o comportamento é apenas um. Há necessidade de intervenções voltadas a adolescente, sua família e comunidade no empoderamento destes; além da consciência do que interferem no comportamento pessoal e do grupo que estão inseridas. Palavras-chave: Adolescente; Gravidez na Adolescência; Vulnerabilidade em Saúde; Vulnerabilidade Social.
Sobre conceptos primitivos - atomismo informacional
Authors: Rodríguez Tudor Manuel 
Published: August 2018

En el presente artículo se intenta una defensa de la teoría de conceptos, en el campo de la ciencia cognitiva, denominada Atomismo Informacional, basado en el análisis de la base conceptual primitiva que toda teoría de conceptos debe asumir. La tesis aquí defendida dice que el contenido intencional de los conceptos se determina completamente de una forma causal, en base a relaciones informacionales que se sustenta en leyes del mundo y, por tanto, permanece estable a través de los individuos y en el mismo individuo (cumpliendo así el requisito de publicidad); y que, por otra parte, al nivel de las tareas cognitivas relevantes atribuidas a la mente (como la categorización), no es el contenido sino las capacidades epistémicas las que desempeñan un rol fundamental. Por tanto, que el contenido no basta para individuar conceptos, de allí la impotencia del AI cuando toma contenido=concepto.
Construcción de un cuestionario de dilemas para indagar las concepciones sobre el aprendizaje a partir de la lectura en ingresantes universitarios
Authors: Boatto Yanina Elizabet , Vélez Gisela María , Bono Adriana Irma 
Published: August 2018

En este trabajo presentamos el procedimiento de construcción de un cuestionario de dilemas que indaga las teorías implícitas de aprendizaje a partir de la lectura en estudiantes universitarios. Para su elaboración se consideraron dimensiones y categorías definidas desde desarrollos teóricos sobre teorías implícitas de aprendizaje y teorías científicas sobre la lectura. En tanto que desde la perspectiva empírica se atendió a las voces de los estudiantes; esto contribuyó a una formulación más ajustada tanto de los dilemas como de las diferentes opciones de resolución de los mismos, y orientó la selección de los escenarios educativos en los que se éstos enmarcan. La validez del instrumento se determinó mediante el proceso de control de expertos. Para establecer la confiabilidad se aplicó el coeficiente de Cronbach. Los índices de validez y confiabilidad obtenidos demuestran que el cuestionario está dentro de los valores requeridos, para ser administrado a los estudiantes.