bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Improvement Interventions for Residents and Practicing Physicians: A Scoping Review of Coaching and Mentoring for Practice Improvement
Authors: MacKenzie Casey , Chan Teresa M. , Mondoux Shawn 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundGraduate medical education (GME) bodies are beginning to mandate coaching as an integral part of the learning process, in addition to current requirements for mentorship. Once an emergency medicine physician transitions beyond graduate training, there is no requirement and little focus on coaching as a method of improving or maintaining clinical practice. Our objective was to understand and describe the current state of the published literature with regard to the use of coaching and mentorship for both GME and practicing physicians.MethodsWe conducted a structured review of the literature through PubMed and Google Scholar and included all articles applying coaching or mentorship modalities to GME trainees or practicing physicians. A Google Form was used for standardized data abstraction. Data were collected pertaining to the settings of intervention, the nature of the intervention, its effect, and its resource requirements.ResultsA total of 3,546 papers were isolated during the literature review. After exclusion, 186 underwent full‐text review by the authors of which 126 articles were included in the final data analysis. Eighty‐two articles (65%) pertained to mentorship and 14 (11%) to coaching; the remainder of the articles discussed a combination or variation of these two concepts. Fifty‐three (42%) articles were descriptive studies and 35 (28%) were narrative reviews or commentaries. Forty‐seven (37%) articles originated from within surgical specialties and coaching was most commonly applied to procedural or manual skills with 22 (17%) instances among all studies.ConclusionsMost literature on coaching and mentorship is descriptive or narrative, and few papers are in the specialty of emergency medicine. Most interventions are limited to single instances of coaching or mentorship without longitudinal application of the intervention. There is an important need to study and publish further evidence on coaching interventions.
The biology of frailty in humans and animals: Understanding frailty and promoting translation
Authors: Bisset Elise S. , Howlett Susan E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFrailty is a state of high vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. This concept is used to explain the heterogeneity in rates of aging in people of the same age. Frailty has important clinical implications, because even minor stressors can lead to adverse outcomes, including death, in frail individuals. Although frailty mechanisms are not well understood, advances in our ability to qualify frailty have encouraged efforts in this area. Quantification of frailty with both “frailty phenotype” and “frailty index” approaches has begun to highlight putative frailty mechanisms and new animal models of frailty are inspiring preclinical research. These models either adapt frailty phenotype and frailty index tools for use in animals or they use genetically manipulated mice that mimic conditions seen in frailty (eg, inflammation, sarcopenia, weakness). This review: describes commonly used tools to quantify frailty clinically, discusses potential frailty mechanisms, and describes animal models of frailty. It also highlights how these models have been used to explore frailty mechanisms and potential frailty interventions, including pharmacological treatments, diet, and exercise. These exciting new developments in the field have the potential to facilitate translational research, improve our understanding of mechanisms of frailty, and help develop new interventions to mitigate frailty in our aging population.
A modified mixed‐acid catalytic system for Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime
Authors: Du Chencan , Zhang Jisong , Li Liantang , Wang Kai , Luo Guangsheng 
Published: March 2019

Abstractε‐Caprolactam (CPL) is mainly produced through Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime catalyzed by oleum in industry nowadays, which suffers the problems like high viscosity and bad mixing, leading to multiple by‐products. To this end, a modified mixed‐acid catalytic system containing oleum and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was proposed to intensify the reaction. The viscosity of the reaction system was studied and the effects of several experimental parameters on the reaction rate and selectivity were also investigated, including oleum/oxime ratio, TFA/oleum ratio, temperature, and SO3 concentration. Extremely high selectivity (>99.6%) was obtained under all conditions, revealing that by‐products in industrial process were mainly formed owing to the insufficient mixing and poor mass and heat transfer rather than experimental parameters. A preliminary mathematical model considering the effect of CPL was developed to predict the reaction rate. These results are helpful to improve the industrial process of CPL production.
Reversal of direct oral anticoagulants: Guidance from the Anticoagulation Forum
Authors: Cuker Adam , Burnett Allison , Triller Darren , Crowther Mark , Ansell Jack , Van Cott Elizabeth M. , Wirth Diane , Kaatz Scott 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTwo specific reversal agents for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been approved in the United States: idarucizumab for dabigatran reversal and andexanet alfa for apixaban and rivaroxaban reversal. Non‐specific prohemostatic agents such as prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) and activated PCC have also been used for DOAC reversal. The goal of this document is to provide comprehensive guidance from the Anticoagulation Forum, a North American organization of anticoagulation providers, regarding use of DOAC reversal agents. We discuss indications for reversal, provide guidance on how the individual reversal agents should be administered, and offer suggestions for stewardship at the health system level.
Time matching between grooming partners: Do methodological distinctions between short versus long‐term reciprocation matter?
Authors: Dunayer Erica S. , Tyrrell Maura , Balasubramaniam Krishna N. , Berman Carol M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPrimatologists have long focused on grooming exchanges to examine aspects of social relationships, co‐operation, and social cognition. One particular interest is the extent to which reciprocating grooming partners time match, and the time frame over which they do so. Conclusions about time matching vary across species. Generally, researchers focus on the duration of pauses between grooming episodes that involve a switch in partner roles and choose a cut‐off point to distinguish short from longer‐term reciprocation. Problematically, researchers have made inconsistent choices about cut‐offs. Such methodological variations are potentially concerning, as it is unclear whether inconsistent conclusions about short‐term time matching are attributable to species/ecological differences, or are due in part to methodological inconsistency. We ask whether various criteria for separating short versus long‐term reciprocation influence conclusions about short‐term time matching using data from free‐ranging rhesus (
Macaca mulatta) and captive‐crested macaques (
Macaca nigra). We compare several commonly used cut‐offs to ones generated by the currently preferred approach—survival analysis. Crested macaques displayed a mild degree of time matching regardless of the cutoff used. For rhesus macaques, whereas most cut‐offs yielded similar degrees of time matching as the one derived from survival analysis, very short ones significantly underestimated both the degree of time matching and the influence of rank distance on time matching. Although researchers may have some flexibility in their choice of cut‐offs, we suggest that they employ caution by using survival analysis when possible, and when not possible, by avoiding very short time windows.
Echogenic cavum septi pellucidi is associated with mild callosal dysgenesis on postnatal MRI
Authors: Stanislavsky Alexandra , Goergen Stacy 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe present a previously unreported association between the sonographic finding of an echogenic cavum septi pellucidi (CSP), concurrent hypointense signal within the CSP on fetal MRI and postnatal MR evidence of dysgenesis of the rostrum and genu of the corpus callosum as well as abnormal shortening of the septal leaflets. An echogenic or non‐fluid filled CSP in the fetus at the midtrimester ultrasound is likely to represent a form of mild callosal dysgenesis. Perinatal assessment of vision and endocrine function and clinical follow‐up of neurodevelopment and growth are probably indicated in such cases.
Eine flexible Kupplung von Aldehyden und Alkenen ermöglicht die diastereo‐ und enantioselektive Herstellung von Stereotriaden
Authors: Li Jing , Preinfalk Alexander , Maulide Nuno 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEine flexible, redoxneutrale Kupplung von Aldehyden mit Alkenen ermöglicht die direkte Bildung von Stereotriaden mit perfekter Enantio‐ und Diastereoselektivität und unter milden Bedingungen, ausgehend von einem einzelnen chiralen Zentrum. Die vielseitige Anwendbarkeit dieser Methode wird durch die Installation von Heteroatomen in der Kette ermöglicht, wodurch verschiedenste chirale Bausteine hergestellt werden können. Eine formale Synthese von (+)‐Neopeltolid verdeutlicht die breite Anwendbarkeit dieser Methode.
Phenanthroline‐Catalyzed Stereoretentive Glycosylations
Authors: Yu Fei , Li Jiayi , DeMent Paul M. , Tu Yi‐Jung , Schlegel H. Bernhard , Nguyen Hien M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCarbohydrates are essential moieties of many bioactive molecules in nature. However, efforts to elucidate their modes of action are often impeded by limitations in synthetic access to well‐defined oligosaccharides. Most of the current methods rely on the design of specialized coupling partners to control selectivity during the formation of glycosidic bonds. Reported herein is the use of a commercially available phenanthroline to catalyze stereoretentive glycosylation with glycosyl bromides. The method provides efficient access to α‐1,2‐cis glycosides. This protocol has been performed for the large‐scale synthesis of an octasaccharide adjuvant. Density‐functional theory calculations, together with kinetic studies, suggest that the reaction proceeds by a double SN2 mechanism.
Anchor Residues Guide Form and Function in Grafted Peptides
Authors: Yin Huawu , Craik David J. , Wang Conan K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLoops at protein–protein interfaces are a rich source of peptide leads that have high specificity and low toxicity. Although such peptides typically need to be constrained to overcome thermodynamic and metabolic limitations, design guidelines to obtain a successfully constrained peptides, and thus facilitate the transition from loop to drug, are relatively poorly formulated. In this work, we surveyed the structures of interface loops and found the position of the terminal residues to be a key determinant of conformation. We used this knowledge to improve the process of molecular grafting, a valuable approach for constraining and stabilising peptides by fusing them to a suitable scaffold. We show that an informed choice of where a loop is “anchored” to a scaffold improves its form and function. This knowledge can help guide the choice of loop and its matching scaffold, and thus increase the success rate for designing stable and potent peptide drug leads.
Electrooxidative and Regioselective C−H Azolation of Phenol and Aniline Derivatives
Authors: Feng Pengju , Ma Guojian , Chen Xiaoguang , Wu Xing , Lin Ling , Liu Peng , Chen Tianfeng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA general and practical protocol was developed for the regioselective C−H azolation of phenol and aniline derivatives by electrooxidative cross‐coupling. The reaction occurs under metal‐, oxidant‐, and reagent‐free conditions, allowing access to a wide variety of synthetically useful heteroarene derivatives. The reaction also tolerates a broad range of functional groups and is amenable to gram‐scale synthesis. Finally, a preliminary mechanistic study indicated that a radical–radical‐combination pathway might be involved in the coupling reaction.
Multivalent Chelators for In Vivo Protein Labeling
Authors: Wieneke Ralph , Tampé Robert 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWith the advent of single‐molecule methods, chemoselective and site‐specific labeling of proteins evolved to become a central aspect in chemical biology as well as cell biology. Protein labeling demands high specificity, rapid as well as efficient conjugation, while maintaining low concentration and biocompatibility under physiological conditions. Generic methods that do not interfere with the function, dynamics, subcellular localization of proteins, and crosstalk with other factors are crucial to probe and image proteins in vitro and in living cells. Alternatives to enzyme‐based tags or autofluorescent proteins are short peptide‐based recognition tags. These tags provide high specificity, enhanced binding rates, bioorthogonality, and versatility. Here, we report on recent applications of multivalent chelator heads, recognizing oligohistidine‐tagged proteins. The striking features of this system has facilitated the analysis of protein complexes by single‐molecule approaches.
Electron Decoupling with Chirped Microwave Pulses for Rapid Signal Acquisition and Electron Saturation Recovery
Authors: Alaniva Nicholas , Saliba Edward P. , Sesti Erika L. , Judge Patrick T. , Barnes Alexander B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) increases NMR sensitivity by transferring polarization from electron to nuclear spins. Herein, we demonstrate that electron decoupling with chirped microwave pulses enables improved observation of DNP‐enhanced13C spins in direct dipolar contact with electron spins, thereby leading to an optimal delay between transients largely governed by relatively fast electron relaxation. We report the first measurement of electron longitudinal relaxation time (T1e) during magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR by observation of DNP‐enhanced NMR signals (T1e=40±6 ms, 40 mMtrityl, 4.0 kHz MAS, 4.3 K). With a 5 ms DNP period, electron decoupling results in a 195 % increase in signal intensity. MAS at 4.3 K, DNP, electron decoupling, and short recycle delays improve the sensitivity of13C in the vicinity of the polarizing agent. This is the first demonstration of recovery times between MAS‐NMR transients being governed by short electron T1and fast DNP transfer.
Chemoenzymatic Total Synthesis of Deoxy‐, epi‐, and Podophyllotoxin and a Biocatalytic Kinetic Resolution of Dibenzylbutyrolactones
Authors: Lazzarotto Mattia , Hammerer Lucas , Hetmann Michael , Borg Annika , Schmermund Luca , Steiner Lorenz , Hartmann Peter , Belaj Ferdinand , Kroutil Wolfgang , Gruber Karl , Fuchs Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPodophyllotoxin is probably the most prominent representative of lignan natural products. Deoxy‐, epi‐, and podophyllotoxin, which are all precursors to frequently used chemotherapeutic agents, were prepared by a stereodivergent biotransformation and a biocatalytic kinetic resolution of the corresponding dibenzylbutyrolactones with the same 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase. The reaction can be conducted on 2 g scale, and the enzyme allows tailoring of the initial, “natural” structure and thus transforms various non‐natural derivatives. Depending on the substitution pattern, the enzyme performs an oxidative C−C bond formation by C−H activation or hydroxylation at the benzylic position prone to ring closure.
Isomeric Effect on the anticancer Behavior of two Zinc (II) complexes based on 3,5‐bis(1‐imidazoly) pyridine: Experimental and Theoretical Approach
Authors: Zhu Mingchang , Song Da , Liu Ning , Wang Kehua , Su Junqi , Xiong Meng , Zhang Xi , Xu Yuang , Gao Enjun 
Published: March 2019

Two isomeric Zinc (II) complexes constructed by 3,5‐bis(1‐imidazoly) pyridine has been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental analyses and infrared spectroscopy. The binding mode and ability of complex 1–2 with CT‐DNA were studied by UV and fluorescence spectra. The intrinsic binding constant Kb (Kb1 = 2.305 × 104 M−1, Kb2 = 3.095 × 104 M−1) and the observed association constant Kobs (Kobs1 = 1.523*106 M−1, Kobs2 = 2.057*106 M−1) indicated that the insertion ability of complex 2 with CT‐DNA is stronger than complex 1. Gel electrophoresis showed that complexes have a good ability to hydrolyze cleavage pBR322 plasmid DNA. The cytotoxicity and apoptosis studies showed that complexes exhibited excellent cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells, especially complex 2 had better growth inhibition than Cisplatin. Molecular docking study simulated the binding model of complexes with DNA (PDB:4av1), showing an imidazole plane of complex 2 can be inserted into a DNA base pair in relative parallel. Both complexes can be used as potential anticancer agents.
Synthesis and CO2 separation of novel polyurethane membranes containing urea linkages
Authors: Zheng Yayun , Hu Yaofang , Yang Xing , Yuan Meng , Zhang Jie , Zhang Yaodong , Luo Jujie 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWe synthesized novel polyurethane (PU) membranes from isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with a molecular weight of 2000, aminopropyl‐terminated poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) with a molecular weight of 2000, and 1,4‐butanediol (BDO) via a two‐step polymerization. The structure of each synthesized membrane was studied through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The effect of the thermal behavior was determined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The gas‐permeability characteristics of the PU membranes were then tested for a single gas. The results show that the permeability of CO2 (PCO2) gradually increased with PDMS content. Among these PU membranes, PU‐d (PEG/PDMS = 1:1, PEG/PDMS/IPDI/BDO = 1:3:2) showed the best PCO2 (132.6 Barrer) at 25°C and 1 bar pressure. The gas‐permeability coefficients of each PU membrane at different operating temperatures were investigated, and the results show that PCO2 reached 302.6 Barrer at 65°C and 1 bar. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47723.
Community participation in the development of the Ōngātoro/Maketū Estuary project: The socio‐ecological dimensions of restoring an interconnected ecosystem
Authors: Barrett Patrick , Kurian Priya , Simmonds Naomi , Cretney Raven 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

The restoration of the Ōngātoro/Maketū Estuary involves the reconnection of freshwater and estuarine habitats through the rediversion of the Kaituna River and is an innovative attempt to manage interconnected ecosystems to improve ecological health and conservation outcomes.
Flood and drainage works in the 1950s severed the connection between fresh‐ and salt‐water systems, leading to sedimentation, algal growth and anoxic conditions, and the loss of saltmarsh and other vegetated wetland habitat.
Following decades of trenchant debate about the causes, consequences and possible solutions to estuary degradation, a 3‐year consultation process between 2006 and 2009 established Māori and community support to restore water flows, re‐establish wetlands and other estuarine habitats, and promote kaitiakitanga (guardianship) and local people's stewardship.
Having secured widespread community support, a restoration plan informed by technical assessments and local traditional knowledge was co‐developed.
Analysis of the socio‐ecological dimensions of this aquatic conservation initiative uncovers implementation success factors in conservation planning: resource and governance system factors, historically contingent events, the opportunity to develop a shared understanding across stakeholder and iwi (indigenous) groups, the negotiation of a collective vision, and including diverse social actors who reflect a variety of viewpoints and values.
Structural Transformation Pathways of Alkaline Earth Family Coordination Polymers Containing 3,3′,5,5′‐Biphenyl Tetracarboxylic Acid
Authors: Lu Guo‐Dong , Zhang Zhi‐Hui , Tong Ya‐Yan , Liu Xiao‐Meng , Ma Xiao‐Fan , Xuan Xiao‐Peng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe understanding of crystal stepwise transformation is very important to enclose the “black box” in the preparation of crystal materials. In this work, different structural intermediates were isolated prior to the formation of the final alkali earth coordination polymers (CPs) during the preparation of three pairs of alkali earth CPs through solvothermal method and convenient oil‐bath reactions. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis demonstrated the structural transformation from a 0 D to 1 D inorganic connectivity for the Ca‐CPs and Sr‐CPs, but a 1 D to 0 D inorganic connectivity for Ba‐CPs, involving the breakage/formation of chemical bonds in the reaction solutions. Further analyses indicated that these two different structural transformation pathways are determined by the deprotonation of organic acid, competitive balance between the inorganic and organic connectivity, and the twist of the linker. FT‐IR spectra, thermogravimetric and luminescence behaviors agree with their structural characteristics.
A novel sensitive laccase biosensor using gold nanoparticles and poly L‐arginine to detect catechol in natural water
Authors: Maleki Nasim , Kashanian Soheila , Nazari Maryam , Shahabadi Nahid 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, the simple, green, and fast layer‐by‐layer modification of the glassy carbon electrode was mainly performed by electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles and then, poly‐l‐arginine, and finally, laccase was covalently bonded to poly‐l‐arginine using glutaraldehyde. This type of fabrication is used for the first time for catechol detection, which provides a bioelectrocatalytic cycle for electron transport in the presence of laccase that results in sensitive and fast detection of catechol. The scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and electrochemical studies were performed to confirm successful immobilization of the enzyme. The biosensor response was linear in a wide range of catechol trace concentrations, 24.90–274.00 nM, with the detection limit of 18.00 nM. Values of Km, α, n, and Ks for the immobilized enzyme were calculated to be 1.25 × 10−2 µM, 0.56, 3.19, and 0.28 Sec−1, respectively. It was examined in real sample successfully confirming it is capable of measuring catechol in natural water.