bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar PKN Melalui Metode Pembelajaran Student Teams Achievment Divisions (STAD) Pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 2 Sengonwetan Semester 2 Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017
Authors: Suwito Suwito 
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan Melalui Metode Pembelajaran Student Teams Achievment Divisions (STAD) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 2 Sengonwetan semester 2 Tahun Pelajaran 2016 / 2017. Siklus ini dilakukan di SD Negeri 2 Sengonwetan. Peningkatan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar PKN melalui Metode Pembelajaran Student Teams Achievment Divisions (STAD) pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 2 Sengonwetan Semester 2 Tahun Pelajaran 2016 / 2017 dilaksanakan dari bulan Januari sampai bulan April 2017. Subjek perbaikan di sekolah ini adalah siswa kelas V di SD Negeri 2 Sengonwetan Kecamatan dengan jumlah 25 siswa. Tindakan diadakan sebanyak 2 kali. Masing – masing terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu: Tahap perencanaan, tahap pelaksanaan, tahap observasi, dan tahap refleksi. Hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran PKN dengan metode pembelajaran Student Teams Achievment Divisions (STAD) mengalami peningkatan pada setiap siklus. Hal itu dapat dilihat dari persentase ketuntasan kondisi awal 48%, meningkat menjadi 72% pada Siklus I. Kemudian setelah dilakukan perbaikan, pada Siklus II persentase ketuntasan kembali meningkat menjadi 96% dan telah memenuhi indikator keberhasilan yaitu sekurang-kurangnya 80%. Aktivitas siswa pada Siklus ini mengalami peningkatan. Pada Siklus I data hasil pengamatan siswa mendapatkan skor rata-rata 10 dengan kategori cukup. Pada Siklus II aktivitas siswa meningkat dengan perolehan skor 13 dengan kategori baik. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemerolehan skor aktivitas siswa sudah memenuhi indikator keberhasilan kategori baik ( 11-15). Dari hasil Siklus di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui Metode Pembelajaran Student Teams Achievment Divisions (STAD) Dapat Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar PKN pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 2 Sengonwetan Semester 2 Tahun Pelajaran 2016 / 2017 secara signifikan.
Marginalisasi Ideologi Tri Hita Karana Pada Media Promosi Pariwisata Budaya Di Bali
Authors: Udayana Anak Agung Gde Bagus 
Published: August 2018

Pariwisata budaya yang dikembangkan di Bali diatur dalam Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali Nomor 2, Tahun 2012 tentang Kepariwisataan Budaya Bali yang menekankan pentingnya tri hita karana dalam pengembangan pariwisata di Bali. Oleh karena itu, idealnya segala aktivitas Â pengembangan pariwisata budaya di Bali, termasuk promosi pariwisata benar-benar menunjukkan aplikasi falsafah tri hita karana. Tujuan jangka panjang penelitian ini, terwujudnya media promosi pariwisata budaya Bali yang benar-benar mengimplementasi ideologi tri hita karana. Terkait dengan tujuan ini, target khusus yang hendak dicapai adalah upaya penggambaran marginalisasi ideologi tri hita karana dalam media promosi pariwisata budaya Bali. Â Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan dan target tersebut, berupa wawancara mendalam dan pengamatan serta penggunaan dokumen. Wawancara dilakukan dengan pihak terkait, seperti Dinas Pariwisata Provinsi Bali, Dinas Pariwisata Kota Denpasar, Kabupaten Badung, Tabanan, dan Gianyar, Â serta perusahaan di bidang pariwisata maupun di bidang disain grafis di Bali. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap billboard yang terkait dengan pariwisata serta dokumen berupa foto, brosur, leaflet, dan iklan tabloid yang mempromosikan pariwisata dan diproduksi oleh para pihat terkait tersebut di atas. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan Based on the result of analysis bahwa yang memarginalkan ideologi tri hita karana pada media promosi pariwisata budaya di Bali adalah ideologi kapitalisme dan ideologi dualisme kultural. Hal ini terjadi karena pembuatan media promosi pariwisata pada dasarnya bertujuan untuk meningkatkan jumlah wisatawan yang mengunjungi objek yang dipromosikan. Tentu saja tujuan itu berujung pada peningkatan perolehan keuntungan atau uang. Implikasi utama media promosi pariwisata budaya Bali yang ideologi tri hita karana-nya termarginalkan pada citra Bali sebagai daerah pariwisata adalah bahwa Bali tercitrakan sebagai daerah budaya pariwisata dan bukan pariwisata budaya.
Breve historia y sentido de la extensión universitaria.
Authors: Donoso Patricio 
Published: August 2018

Although extramural activities are one oJ the fundamental tasks carried out by universities, they have received very little attention compared to other university duties, such as research and teaching.
This lack of concern for the subject has translated into multiple different views and opinions on the meaning, the scope and the importance of extramural activities, which many people with dissemination. Others do not make a distinction between academic extramural activities, continuing education or cultural and artistic extension. Some people view activities carried out by university services as extramural activities while others do not. OnIy a few acknowledge extramural activities not only as a tool and a platform to project university thinking and creation but also as a space and a possibility for contact with the needs and requirements of society.
Therefore, extramural activities carried out by universities are viewed by some as a supplementary function while others consider it to be a primordial duty in the actions implemented by a university. The purpose of this article is to provide a first approach to the subject of extramural activities implemented by universities, based primarily on a review of historical elements and an analysis in light oJ the author experience in this matter
La evaluación en la universidad española.
Authors: Trinidad Requena Antonio 
Published: August 2018

La institucionalización de la evaluación en las universidades españolas se inicia con la elaboración del Plan Nacional de Evaluación de las Universidades, aprobado por el Consejo de Universidades mediante Real Decreto del primero de diciembre de 1995. Los objetivos con que nace este plan son bastante explícitos: por un lado, se intenta racionalizar la inversión que realiza el Estado en la educación superior, promoviendo una evaluación institucional en todas las universidades, para así garantizar una mayor eficacia y eficiencia en la utilización de los recursos. Por otro lado, se quiere que la Universidad española incorpore cánones, metodologías y programas formativos similares a los que se están desarrollando para mejorar la calidad educativa tanto en la Unión Europea como en otros países.
The efficacy and limits of magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound pallidotomy for Parkinson’s disease: a Phase I clinical trial
Authors: Jung Na Young , Park Chang Kyu , Kim Minsoo , Lee Phil Hyu , Sohn Young Ho , Chang Jin Woo 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVERecently, MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) has emerged as an innovative treatment for numerous neurological disorders, including essential tremor, Parkinson’s disease (PD), and some psychiatric disorders. Thus, clinical applications with this modality have been tried using various targets. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility, initial effectiveness, and potential side effects of unilateral MRgFUS pallidotomy for the treatment of parkinsonian dyskinesia.METHODSA prospective, nonrandomized, single-arm clinical trial was conducted between December 2013 and May 2016 at a single tertiary medical center. Ten patients with medication-refractory, dyskinesia-dominant PD were enrolled. Participants underwent unilateral MRgFUS pallidotomy using the Exablate 4000 device (InSightec) after providing written informed consent. Patients were serially evaluated for motor improvement, neuropsychological effects, and adverse events according to the 1-year follow-up protocol. Primary measures included the changes in the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS) scores from baseline to 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. Secondary measures consisted of neuropsychological batteries and quality of life questionnaire (SF-36). Technical failure and safety issues were also carefully assessed by monitoring all events during the study period.RESULTSUnilateral MRgFUS pallidotomy was successfully performed in 8 of 10 patients (80%), and patients were followed up for more than 6 months. Clinical outcomes showed significant improvements of 32.2% in the “medication-off” UPDRS part III score (p = 0.018) and 52.7% in UDysRS (p = 0.017) at the 6-month follow-up, as well as 39.1% (p = 0.046) and 42.7% (p = 0.046) at the 1-year follow-up, respectively. These results were accompanied by improvement in quality of life. Among 8 cases, 1 patient suffered an unusual side effect of sonication; however, no patient experienced persistent aftereffects.CONCLUSIONSIn the present study, which marks the first Phase I pilot study of unilateral MRgFUS pallidotomy for parkinsonian dyskinesia, the authors demonstrated the efficacy of pallidal lesioning using MRgFUS and certain limitations that are unavoidably associated with incomplete thermal lesioning due to technical issues. Further investigation and long-term follow-up are necessary to validate the use of MRgFUS in clinical practice.Clinical trial registration no.: NCT02003248 (clinicaltrials.gov)
The impact of age on surgical goals for spinopelvic alignment in minimally invasive surgery for adult spinal deformity
Authors: Park Paul , Fu Kai-Ming , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Uribe Juan S. , Wang Michael Y. , Tran Stacie , Kanter Adam S. , Nunley Pierce D. , Okonkwo David O. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Mundis Gregory M. , Chou Dean , Eastlack Robert , Anand Neel , Than Khoi D. , Zavatsky Joseph M. , Fessler Richard G. , _ _ 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVEAchieving appropriate spinopelvic alignment in deformity surgery has been correlated with improvement in pain and disability. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques have been used to treat adult spinal deformity (ASD); however, there is concern for inadequate sagittal plane correction. Because age can influence the degree of sagittal correction required, the purpose of this study was to analyze whether obtaining optimal spinopelvic alignment is required in the elderly to obtain clinical improvement.METHODSA multicenter database of ASD patients was queried. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years; an MIS component as part of the index procedure; at least one of the following: pelvic tilt (PT) > 20°, sagittal vertical axis (SVA) > 50 mm, pelvic incidence to lumbar lordosis (PI-LL) mismatch > 10°, or coronal curve > 20°; and minimum follow-up of 2 years. Patients were stratified into younger (< 65 years) and older (≥ 65 years) cohorts. Within each cohort, patients were categorized into aligned (AL) or mal-aligned (MAL) subgroups based on postoperative radiographic measurements. Mal-alignment was defined as a PI-LL > 10° or SVA > 50 mm. Pre- and postoperative radiographic and clinical outcomes were compared.RESULTSOf the 185 patients, 107 were in the younger cohort and 78 in the older cohort. Based on postoperative radiographs, 36 (33.6%) of the younger patients were in the AL subgroup and 71 (66.4%) were in the MAL subgroup. The older patients were divided into 2 subgroups based on alignment; there were 26 (33.3%) patients in the AL and 52 (66.7%) in the MAL subgroups. Overall, patients within both younger and older cohorts significantly improved with regard to postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores. In the younger cohort, there were no significant differences in postoperative VAS back and leg pain scores between the AL and MAL subgroups. However, the postoperative ODI score of 37.9 in the MAL subgroup was significantly worse than the ODI score of 28.5 in the AL subgroup (p = 0.019). In the older cohort, there were no significant differences in postoperative VAS back and leg pain score or ODI between the AL and MAL subgroups.CONCLUSIONSMIS techniques did not achieve optimal spinopelvic alignment in most cases. However, age appears to impact the degree of sagittal correction required. In older patients, optimal spinopelvic alignment thresholds did not need to be achieved to obtain similar symptomatic improvement. Conversely, in younger patients stricter adherence to optimal spinopelvic alignment thresholds may be needed.https://thejns.org/doi/abs/10.3171/2018.4.SPINE171153
HISTORY OF URANIUM RAW MATERIALS BASE CREATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Bakarzhyiev A. Kh. , Lysenko O. A. 
Published: August 2018

The basis of this publication is the documents and historical facts, materials of meetings, conferences and production reports, memoirs of veterans of the uranium industry, which are published, as well as their own memories, impressions and reflections of the authors whose professional activity was related to the prospect and exploration of uranium deposits. The article deals with successively the main stages of the emergence, development and formation of uranium geology in Ukraine, the solving of complex tasks for the creation and strengthening of the uranium raw material base for the complete provision of the nuclear energy needs of the state by the own mined natural uranium and achievement of energy independence. The history of the uranium raw material base creation in Ukraine is a path for pioneers, who constantly had to solve new strategic tasks promptly. In the first years after the Second World War, these were issues of defensive significance. Then become the turn of the peaceful atomic energy. By the work of the Kirov geological prospecting expedition that specialized on uranium, which was subsequently transformed into the SGE “Kirovgeologiya”, and then SE “Kirovgeologiya”, at the end of the 80th of the XX century a reliable uranium raw material base was created, that could provide state nuclear industry for the long term.
The Super Earth–Cold Jupiter Relations
Authors: Zhu 祝 Wei 伟 , Wu 武延 Yanqin 庆 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We report relations between inner (<1 au) super Earths (planets with mass/radius between Earth and Neptune) and outer (>1 au) giant planets (mass > 0.3 M
J, or cold Jupiters) around Sun-like stars, based on data from both ground-based radial velocity (RV) observations and the Kepler mission. We find that cold Jupiters appear three times more often around hosts of super Earths than they do around field stars. Given the prevalence of the super Earth systems, their cold Jupiters can account for nearly all cold Jupiters. In other words, cold Jupiters are almost certainly (∼90%) accompanied by super Earths. A few corollaries follow: (1) around metal-rich ([Fe/H] > 0.1) stars, the fraction of super Earths with cold Jupiters can rise to 60% or higher; (2) the inner architecture can be strongly impacted by the outer giant and we report some observational evidence for this; (3) planetary systems like our own, with cold Jupiters but no super Earths, should be rare (∼1%). The strong correlation between super Earths and cold Jupiters establish that super Earths and cold Jupiters do not compete for solid material, rather, they share similar origins, with the cold Jupiter formation requiring a somewhat more stringent condition. Lastly, we propose a few immediate observational tests of our results, using ground-based RV observations and ongoing/planned space missions.
Radiating the Hydrogen Recombination Energy during Common Envelope Evolution
Authors: Soker Noam , Grichener Aldana , Sabach Efrat 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Using the stellar evolution code Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA), we show that most of the hydrogen recombination energy that is released as the envelope expands during a regular common envelope evolution—namely, the initial dynamical phase or plunge-in phase—is radiated, and hence substantially increases the stellar luminosity. Only about 10% of the hydrogen recombination energy might be used to remove the envelope. We show that the key property of energy transport is that when convection becomes inefficient in the outer parts of the envelope, where the ionization degree of hydrogen falls below about 30%, photon diffusion becomes very efficient and removes the recombination energy. The expanding envelope absorbs most of the gravitational energy that is released by the spiraling-in process of the secondary star inside the common envelope, and so it is the hydrogen recombination energy that is responsible for most of the luminosity increase of the system. The recombination energy of hydrogen adds only a small fraction of the energy required to remove the common envelope, and hence does not play a significant role in the ejection of the envelope.
Association of characteristics of HBV quasispecies with hepatitis B surface antigen seroconversion after pegylated interferon-α-2a treatment in child patients
Authors: Yang Juncheng , Yang Guifeng , He Haitang , Ning Lu , Liu Zhihua , Fu Qunfang , Chen Haitao , Deng Haohui , Wang Zhanhui , Luo Kangxian 
Published: August 2018

Background The correlation between hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion and the characteristics of HBV quasispecies (QS) before and during pegylated interferon-α-2a (PEG-IFN-α-2a) treatment in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) children has not yet been reported. Methods 35 patients, including 18 HBsAg seroconverters (SS) and 17 non-seroconverters (SN), were enrolled. Serum samples were collected before treatment and at weeks 12 and 24 of treatment. Sequences within the basal core promoter/pre-core (BCP/PC) and S/reverse transcriptase (S/RT) region were analysed by next-generation sequencing. Results There was no significant difference in the baseline diversity of HBV QS (Shannon entropy [Sn]; Hamming distance [HD]) in either region between the two groups. The baseline mutations A1762T/G1764A, C1913A, and T2003A/G or C2004T were correlated with non-response to therapy ( P=0.025, P=0.036, P=0.032, respectively). After 24 weeks of therapy, HBV diversity within the BCP/PC region in the SS group notably declined (Sn: P=0.002; HD: P=0.011), while that of the SN group was nearly unchanged. As for the S/RT region, 24 weeks of treatment made no significant difference on QS diversity in either group. Conclusions Our data demonstrated that the baseline viral mutations and dynamic changes in HBV QS diversity within the BCP/PC region were closely related to HBsAg seroconversion in HBeAg-positive CHB children treated with PEG-IFN-α-2a.
Disorders of the immune status in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia; differentiated pharmacological correction
Authors: Shulginova Anastasiya A. , Konoplya Alexander I. , Bystrova Natalya A. 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) accounts for 60-75% of all cerebrovascular diseases in Russia and around the world. The problem: the issues concerning the role of immunity in the pathogenesis of CCI depending on the main etiologic factor and stage of the disease are hardly elaborated, which makes the main pharmacological correction impossible. The objective of the study is to establish the immune disorder patterns in patients with CCI I-II associated with arterial hypertension and to develop differentiated pharmacological methods for their correction.
Material and methods: The results of treatment of 104 patients of Kursk Regional Clinical Hospital with CCI associated with II-stage arterial hypertension were analyzed: 52 patients were with CCI I stage (2th-4th groups of 12-14 patients) and 52 patients were with CCI II stage (5th -7th groups of 12-14 patients), aged 50±5, who received the basic pharmacological therapy (enalapril and vinpocetine). The patients of the 2nd and 5th groups additionally received ceraxon and mexicor, those of the 3rd and the 6th groups additionally received immunomodulator glutoxim, and those from the 4th and 7th groups received polyoxidonium. Twenty-two healthy donors were in the control group. Immune disorders were assessed by the parameters of the functional activity of neutrophils, levels of cytokines in plasma, components of the complement and inhibitors.
Results and discussion: In the case of CCI I and II stages similar proinflamatory immune disorders were detected, which is indicative of immune inflammation. The inclusion of glutoxime and polyoxidonium in a complex pharmacotherapy helps reduce the severity of immune and neuropsychic status indicators, which are more evident in case of stage II.
Conclusions: In case of CCI I stage, the medications used can be arranged according to their clinico-immunological efficacy in ascending order: ceraxon+mexicore ® ceraxon+mexicor+glutoxim ® ceraxon+mexicor+polyoxidonium, and in case of CCI II stage: ceraxon+mexicor ® ceraxon+mexicor+polyoxidonium = ceraxon+mexicor+glutoxim.
Autocrine IL-10 Signaling Promotes Dendritic Cell Type-2 Activation and Persistence of Murine Cryptococcal Lung Infection
Authors: Teitz-Tennenbaum Seagal , Viglianti Steven P. , Roussey Jonathan A. , Levitz Stuart M. , Olszewski Michal A. , Osterholzer John J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The substantial morbidity and mortality caused by invasive fungal pathogens, including Cryptococcus neoformans, necessitates increased understanding of protective immune responses against these infections. Our previous work using murine models of cryptococcal lung infection demonstrated that dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate critical transitions from innate to adaptive immunity and that IL-10 signaling blockade improves fungal clearance. To further understand interrelationships among IL-10 production, fungal clearance, and the effect of IL-10 on lung DCs, we performed a comparative temporal analysis of cryptococcal lung infection in wild type C57BL/6J mice (designated IL-10+/+) and IL-10−/− mice inoculated intratracheally with C. neoformans (strain 52D). Early and sustained IL-10 production by lung leukocytes was associated with persistent infection in IL-10+/+ mice, whereas fungal clearance was improved in IL-10−/− mice during the late adaptive phase of infection. Numbers of monocyte-derived DCs, T cells, and alveolar and exudate macrophages were increased in lungs of IL-10−/− versus IL-10+/+ mice concurrent with evidence of enhanced DC type-1, Th1/Th17 CD4 cell, and classical macrophage activation. Bone marrow–derived DCs stimulated with cryptococcal mannoproteins, a component of the fungal capsule, upregulated expression of IL-10 and IL-10R, which promoted DC type-2 activation in an autocrine manner. Thus, our findings implicate fungus-triggered autocrine IL-10 signaling and DC type-2 activation as important contributors to the development of nonprotective immune effector responses, which characterize persistent cryptococcal lung infection. Collectively, this study informs and strengthens the rationale for IL-10 signaling blockade as a novel treatment for fungal infections.