bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clustering of primordial black holes with non-Gaussian initial fluctuations
Authors: Suyama Teruaki , Yokoyama Shuichiro 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We formulate the two-point correlation function of primordial black holes (PBHs) at their formation time, based on the functional integration approach which has often been used in the context of halo clustering. We find that PBH clustering on super-Hubble scales could never be induced in the case where the initial primordial fluctuations are Gaussian, while it can be enhanced by the so-called local-type trispectrum (four-point correlation function) of the primordial curvature perturbations.
Immunization to rituximab is more frequent in systemic autoimmune diseases than in rheumatoid arthritis: ofatumumab as alternative therapy
Authors: Combier Alice , Nocturne Gaétane , Henry Julien , Belkhir Rakiba , Pavy Stephan , Le Tiec Clotilde , Descamps Elise , Seror Raphaele , Mariette Xavier 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The frequency and consequences of anti-drug antibodies to rituximab (RTX-ADA) are not well known in RA and even less in other systemic auto-immune diseases (sAID). We aimed to evaluate the frequency, consequences and predictive factors of RTX-ADA in RA and sAID.

Methods
All patients presenting with RA or other sAID treated with RTX from 2012 to 2017 in our tertiary reference centre for sAID were retrospectively studied. Patients who were tested for RTX-ADA were identified.

Results
One hundred and ninety-nine patients were treated with RTX (RA: 124, other sAID: 75). Among 62/199 (31.1%) tested for RTX-ADA, 14 were positive: 3/35 RA (8.6%) and 11/27 (40.7%) other sAID, (P = 0.0047). Among the whole RTX-treated populations, the frequency of RTX-ADA was 2.4% and 14.7% (P = 0.0026) in RA and sAID, respectively. Most of the immunized patients had infusion reactions to second or subsequent RTX cycles (11/14) and loss of efficacy (2/14). Predictive factors of immunization were sAID vs RA (78.6% vs 21.4%, P = 0.026, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 5.35[1.43—54.75]) and African ethnicity (57.1% vs 4.2%, P &lt; 0.001, adjusted OR = 9.25 [5.08—302.12]). Associated immunosuppressive therapy did not protect against immunization. Three patients with pSS immunized against RTX were treated with ofatumumab with complete remission of their disease.

Conclusion
Immunization against RTX is more frequent in other sAID than in RA. Testing for RTX-ADA must be performed in patients with infusion reactions or loss of efficacy especially if they are of African origin. Immunized patients might be treated efficiently and safely with ofatumumab. This alternative should be further evaluated for sAID.
Effect of Immediate Versus Delayed Pushing on Rates of Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery Among Nulliparous Women Receiving Neuraxial Analgesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Cahill A.G. , Srinivas S.K. , Tita A.T.N. , Caughey A.B. , Richter H.E. , Gregory W.T. , Liu J. , Woolfolk C. , Weinstein D.L. , Mathur A.M. , Macones G.A. , Tuuli M.G. 
Published: August 2019

(JAMA. 2018;320(14):1444–1454)
Although >3 million women give birth in the United States every year, there is a lack of evidence regarding optimal labor management. In an effort to optimize cesarean delivery rates, there has been extensive research examining the management of labor. There are conflicting data on whether the mother should push immediately or delay pushing, as prolonged labor is associated with adverse outcomes for both mother and infant. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether immediate or delayed pushing would impact rates of spontaneous vaginal delivery as well as be more effective to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidities.
Guidelines for Intraoperative Care in Cesarean Delivery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Society Recommendations (Part 2)
Authors: Caughey A.B. , Wood S.L. , Macones G.A. , Wrench I.J. , Huang J. , Norman M. , Pettersson K. , Fawcett W.J. , Shalabi M.M. , Metcalfe A. , Gramlich L. , Nelson G. , Wilson R.D. 
Published: August 2019

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;219:533–544)
This is the second document in a series of 3 focused on the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) care program, specifically in regards to cesarean delivery (CD) and its intraoperative care. ERAS has both clinical benefits (decreased length of stay, complications, and readmissions) and decreased cost of care. This special report focused on the period beginning 30 to 60 minutes before the start of the procedure (decision to operate) and ending at hospital discharge. The ERAS CD program provides audit and feedback cycles for both scheduled and unscheduled CD, and creates recommendations based on clinical evidence that allow physicians to learn, modify, and improve their care processes, leading to improved patient health outcomes.
Efficacy of Intrathecal Fentanyl for Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials With Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Uppal V. , Retter S. , Casey M. , McKeen D.M. 
Published: August 2019

(Anesth Analg. 2019 Jan 8. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003975)
Numerous studies have evaluated the risks and benefits of intrathecal fentanyl when added to bupivacaine during cesarean delivery. While potential advantages of intrathecal fentanyl over intrathecal morphine include faster onset and less cephalad spread, some have feared an increased risk of respiratory depression, a “ceiling effect” at doses >0.25 μg/kg, and increased postoperative intravenous opioid requirement. In order to clarify the benefits, harms, and optimal dosing of this opioid for cesarean delivery, these authors systematically reviewed evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of fentanyl when used as an additive to intrathecal bupivacaine with and without morphine.
Maternal Age and Risk for Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Sheen J.J. , Wright J.D. , Goffman D. , Kern-Goldberger A.R. , Booker W. , Siddiq Z. , D'Alton M.E. , Friedman A.M. 
Published: August 2019

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;219:390.e1–15)
Over the past decade, the rate of births to women aged 30 years and older has risen. This trend will likely continue with the widespread availability of newer reproductive technologies. As women age, they are more likely to have comorbid conditions and women of advanced maternal age have increased complications in pregnancy. The objective of this study was to characterize the risk for severe maternal morbidity and other pregnancy complications by maternal age during delivery hospitalizations.
A Conceptual Framework for the Impact of Obesity on Risk of Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Rogers A. , Harper L. , Mari G. 
Published: August 2019

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018:219:356–363)
In the United States in 2014, cesarean deliveries (CD) accounted for 32.3% of the nearly 4 million births. A third of reproductive-age women are obese. When compared with normal-weight women, obese women who delivered via CD had an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, infection, blood transfusion, and maternal mortality. The mechanisms through which obesity increases risk for CD are poorly understood. This study presented a conceptual framework that hypothesized how obesity may impact factors that would lead to a CD.
Association of Maternal First-trimester Ondansetron Use With Cardiac Malformations and Oral Clefts in Offspring
Authors: Huybrechts K.F. , Hernández-Díaz S. , Straub L. , Gray K.J. , Zhu Y. , Patorno E. , Desai R.J. , Mogun H. , Bateman B.T. 
Published: August 2019

(JAMA. 2018;320(23):2429–2437)
Ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, has become the most frequently prescribed drug for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. However, this medication is not formally approved for this use, and available evidence regarding ondansetron and fetal safety is limited or conflicting. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has concluded that further studies are warranted. Therefore, the authors of the present study investigated potential associations between ondansetron exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy and the risk of cardiac malformations and/or oral clefts in neonates.
The Effect of Intermittent Oxytocin Pretreatment on Oxytocin-induced Contractility of Human Myometrium In Vitro
Authors: Talati C. , Carvalho J.C.A. , Luca A. , Balki M. 
Published: August 2019

(Anesth Analg. 2019;128(4):671–678. Doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000002834)
Uterine atony is the leading cause of postpartum hemorrhage, which is responsible for nearly a quarter of maternal deaths worldwide. One risk factor for uterine atony is exposure to large quantities of oxytocin during labor induction and augmentation. Compared with nonlaboring women delivering via cesarean, laboring women who receive oxytocin augmentation require 9 times more oxytocin in order to achieve adequate uterine tone during cesarean delivery (CD). Previous studies have compared a pulsatile oxytocin administration technique with continuous infusion in terms of time from initiation of infusion to delivery, but none have compared these techniques in terms of postpartum hemorrhage rate. This study aimed to compare intermittent oxytocin pretreatment with continuous oxytocin for effect on subsequent oxytocin-induced myometrial contractility.
Screening Extremely Obese Pregnant Women for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Dominguez J.E. , Grotegut C.A. , Cooter M. , Krystal A.D. , Habib A.S. 
Published: August 2019

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;219:613.e1.1–10)
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), in addition to its multiple comorbidities, is associated with a significantly increased risk of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus in obese, pregnant women. However, current OSA diagnostic tools are costly and time-consuming to implement on a wide scale, and although portable at-home, unattended sleep apnea testing is emerging, such tools may be impractical in this particular patient population. This study evaluated the validity of existing OSA screening tools in a cohort of extremely obese pregnant women [body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m2] and determined what screening factors were most strongly associated with OSA in this cohort.
Topical Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block Compared With Epidural Blood Patch for Postdural Puncture Headache Management in Postpartum Patients: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Cohen S. , Levin D. , Mellender S. , Zhao R. , Patel P. , Grubb W. , Kiss G. 
Published: August 2019

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018;43(8):880–884)
Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is a severe and debilitating complication after regional anesthesia in the obstetric population. Approximately 80% of patients suffer from this type of headache after an accidental dural puncture. A PDPH can limit postpartum mother-baby interactions, extend hospital stays, and raise health care costs. The gold standard treatment for postpartum PDPH is an epidural blood patch (EBP). This retrospective study aimed to compare the effectiveness of treatment with EBP to treatment with a sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB).
Is Ultrasound Measured Fetal Biometry Predictive of Intrapartum Cesarean Section for Failure to Progress?
Authors: Yang J.M. , Hyett J.A. , Mcgeechan K. , Phipps H. , de Vries B.S. 
Published: August 2019

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;58:620–628)
The rate of cesarean section births in Australia in 2013 was more than double the World Health Organization’s recommended rate. A previous population-based study by the authors of the current article established a strong independent relationship between birthweight/neonatal head circumference (HC) and cesarean section for failure to progress in labor (CS-FTP). This study aimed to determine whether ultrasound biometry measurements were associated with intrapartum cesarean section for FTG.
Diagnostic Point-of-Care Ultrasound: Applications in Obstetric Anaesthetic Management
Authors: Zieleskiewicz L. , Bouvet L. , Einav S. , Duclos G. , Leone M. 
Published: August 2019

(Anaesthesia. 2018;73:1265–1279)
Even in low-risk centers, pregnancies can become complicated seriously and quickly, without time to obtain diagnostic help from specialists. While ultrasound has been routinely used in fetal monitoring, it can also be a useful tool in maternal bedside diagnosis and screening. This report reviewed the use of ultrasound in assessing patients’ gastric contents and airways, managing breathless patients, diagnosing shock, and predicting fluid responsiveness.
Echocardiographic Determination of Resting Hemodynamics and Optimal Positioning in Term Pregnant Women
Authors: Dennis A.T. , Buckley A. , Mahendrayogam T. , Castro J.M. , Leeton L. 
Published: August 2019

(Anaesthesia. 2018;73:1345–1352)
In pregnant women undergoing anesthesia, positioning is important for minimizing the risk of airway trauma or failed tracheal intubation as well as preventing aortocaval compression and reduced cardiac output. These 2 goals are achieved through 2 different positions: the head elevated ramped position for tracheal intubation and left lateral pelvic tilt for prevention of aortocaval compression. There have been no studies examining the hemodynamic effects of combining these 2 positions in parturients. This study aimed to determine whether there was any significant difference in maternal cardiac output between the ramped position combined with left lateral pelvic tilt compared with the ramped position alone determined by calculations based on transthoracic echocardiographic measurements.
Influence of Pregnancy on Cardiac Function and Hemodynamics in Women With Ebstein’s Anomaly
Authors: Kanoh M. , Inai K. , Shinohara T. , Shimada E. , Shimizu M. , Tomimatsu H. , Ogawa M. , Nakanishi T. 
Published: August 2019

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018;97:1025–1031)
Ebstein’s anomaly is a rare congenital abnormality that is characterized by tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in association with apical displacement of the septal leaflet of the valve along with a small right ventricle. The severity of symptoms varies among patients with Ebstein’s anomaly and depends on factors such as right ventricular function, the severity of TR, and the presence of associated cardiac malformations. Atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) have been reported in at least 50% of patients with Ebstein’s anomaly and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is also relatively common in these patients. While women with Ebstein’s anomaly who reach child-bearing age are usually asymptomatic, some of these patients do experience severe maternal complications, primarily due to increased right heart dysfunction that develops during pregnancy. The goal of this current retrospective study was to analyze the course of pregnancy and mode of delivery in women with Ebstein’s anomaly, with particular focus on the hemodynamic changes associated with right ventricular function.
Labor Pain in Women With and Without Severe Fear of Childbirth: A Population-based, Longitudinal Study
Authors: Junge C. , von Soest T. , Weidner K. , Seidler A. , Eberhard-Gran M. , Garthus-Niegel S. 
Published: August 2019

(Birth. 2018;45:469–477)
It has been suggested that antenatal fear regarding labor pain can alter patient pain thresholds. In particular, a severe fear of childbirth can cause the release of catecholamines that enervate uterine contractility and alter nociceptive receptors, resulting in augmented pain perception and prolonged labor. However, current literature lacks prospective population-based studies that investigate the link between fear of childbirth and degree of experienced labor pain. The aim of the present study thereby was to investigate the association between severe fear of childbirth and pain perceptions during labor, as well as to identify potential maternal and neonatal risk factors.
“Is It Safe?”: The Many Unanswered Questions about Medications and Breast-feeding
Authors: Byrne J.J. , Spong C.Y. 
Published: August 2019

(N Engl J Med. 2019;380(14):1296–1297. Doi:10.1056/NEJMp1817420)
While an estimated 83% of mothers in the United States breastfeed, and more than half of mothers worldwide take medication in the postpartum period, there has been a lack of clinical studies examining the effects of drugs on breastfeeding mothers and children. In 2006, LactMed, an online database from the National Library of Medicine, published information on the levels of 1408 drugs in breast milk and infant blood and the effects of these drugs on lactation. However, the recommendations for more than half of those drugs were not based on lactation-specific data as of November 2018 and very few (2%) were based on strong data.
The Mediating Effects of Gestational Diabetes on Fetal Growth and Adiposity in Women Who are Overweight and Obese: Secondary Analysis of the LIMIT Randomized Trial
Authors: Poprzeczny A.J. , Louise J. , Deussen A.R. , Dodd J.M. 
Published: August 2019

(BJOG. 2018;125:1558–1566.)
Overweight and obesity represent a significant impact on the world’s public health, and are associated with increased risks of adverse maternal and infant outcomes during pregnancy and delivery. As maternal body mass index (BMI) increases, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) also increases in prevalence. GDM is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes similar to those seen in obese pregnant women, including the need for induction of labor and cesarean section, and having an infant born large for gestational age or birthweight over 4 kg. The aim of this secondary analysis from the LIMIT randomized trial was to describe the mediating effect of GDM in obese pregnant women on fetal growth and adiposity.
The Impact of Analgesic Intervention During the Second Stage of Labour: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Munro A. , George R.B. , Allen V.M. 
Published: August 2019

(Can J Anesth. 2018;65(11):1240–1247)
The second stage of labor is made up of passive descent of the fetus as well as the active phase of maternal pushing. Because the duration of active pushing significantly impacts maternal and neonatal outcomes, a rest period has been advocated at full dilatation to allow the fetus to passively rotate and descend. A “top-up” or bolus of local anesthetic is occasionally provided to ameliorate breakthrough pain, thus reducing pain and ineffective pushing. In this study it was hypothesized that an epidural top-up to resolve inadequate analgesia in the second stage of labor may promote vaginal delivery.
Body Temperature, Cutaneous Heat Loss, and Skin Blood Flow During Epidural Anaesthesia for Emergency Cesarean Section
Authors: Mullington C.J. , Low D.A. , Strutton P.H. , Malhotra S. 
Published: August 2019

(Anaesthesia. 2018;73:1500–15006)
During the peripartum period, hypothermia and hyperthermia are both associated with adverse outcomes. Neuraxial anesthesia hinders a patient’s ability to regulate body temperature by interrupting the sympathetic supply to the cutaneous vasculature. It is unclear how body temperature is affected by epidural administration of a concentrated local anesthetic for emergency cesarean section. This study aimed to determine how dosing of a labor epidural to provide anesthesia for cesarean section would affect mean body temperature and cutaneous vasomotor tone, hypothesizing that active cutaneous vasodilation would be blocked and therefore mean body temperature would increase.
Increasing number of fibroblast, capillary and collagen amount in Achilles tendons of rats with diabetic mellitus after application of stromal vascular fraction derived from adipose tissue
Authors: Sananta Panji , Sintong Langga , Andarini Sri , Putera Marvin Anthony , Dradjat Respati Suryanto 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Achilles tendinopathy is common in diabetes mellitus and makes the tendon susceptible to rupture. Achilles tendon rupture healing is impaired in diabetics. Stromal vascular fraction can be an alternative treatment for Achilles tendon rupture in diabetic tendinopathy.

Methods:
Eighteen rats were used in this experimental study and divided into three groups: group 1, normoglycemia; group 2, diabetes mellitus; and group 3, diabetes mellitus injected with stromal vascular fraction. After 2 wk, we evaluated the fibroblasts, capillaries, and collagen.

Results:
The number of fibroblasts and capillaries and the amount of collagen were increased significantly in group 3 compared to group 1 and group 2 (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Stromal vascular fraction increased the number of fibroblasts, angiogenesis, and the amount of collagen. Thus, stromal vascular fraction improved healing of Achilles tendon ruptures in rats with diabetic tendinopathy.
Diagnosing Fracture-Related Infection: Current Concepts and Recommendations
Authors: Govaert Geertje A. M. , Kuehl Richard , Atkins Bridget L. , Trampuz Andrej , Morgenstern Mario , Obremskey William T. , Verhofstad Michael H. J. , McNally Martin A. , Metsemakers Willem-Jan ,   on behalf of the Fracture-Related Infection (FRI) Consensus Group
Published: August 2019

Summary:
Fracture-related infection (FRI) is a severe complication after bone injury and can pose a serious diagnostic challenge. Overall, there is a limited amount of scientific evidence regarding diagnostic criteria for FRI. For this reason, the AO Foundation and the European Bone and Joint Infection Society proposed a consensus definition for FRI to standardize the diagnostic criteria and improve the quality of patient care and applicability of future studies regarding this condition. The aim of this article was to summarize the available evidence and provide recommendations for the diagnosis of FRI. For this purpose, the FRI consensus definition will be discussed together with a proposal for an update based on the available evidence relating to the diagnostic value of clinical parameters, serum inflammatory markers, imaging modalities, tissue and sonication fluid sampling, molecular biology techniques, and histopathological examination. Second, recommendations on microbiology specimen sampling and laboratory operating procedures relevant to FRI will be provided.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Efficacy and safety of siponimod for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Song Yumeng , Lao Yongfeng , Liang Fuxiang , Li Jing , Jia Bibo , Wang Zixuan , Hui Xu , Lu Zhenxing , Zhou Biao , Luo Wei , Song Bing 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background:
Multiple sclerosis is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with serious social and economic burden. Siponimod is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist, and clinical trials in the past decade have shown good prospects for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. But there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the dose–effect relationship and safety in different subtypes of multiple sclerosis at present.

Methods:
We will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of siponimod in multiple sclerosis. We will search PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) using a comprehensive strategy. The reference lists of the articles we select for inclusion will be checked to identify additional studies for potential inclusion. Two reviewers will review all literature independently. Upon inclusion of articles, another 2 reviewers will extract available data using a standardized form and assess the potential bias. Review Manager will be used to conduct data synthesis. There is no requirement of ethical approval and informed consent.

Result:
This is the first systematic assessment of siponimod for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. We predict it will provide high-quality synthesis of existing evidence for the efficacy and safety of siponimod for multiple sclerosis and a relatively comprehensive reference for clinical practice and clinical trials about siponimod to be conducted.

Conclusion:
The results of the systematic review and meta-analysis will provide updated evidence for the use of siponimod for multiple sclerosis.

Registration:
The systematic review and meta-analysis is registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic review (PROSPERO#CRD42018112721).