bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selenium dynamics in headwater streams of the central Appalachian coalfield
Authors: Whitmore Keridwen M. , Schoenholtz Stephen H. , Soucek David J. , Hopkins William A. , Zipper Carl E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Coal mining can cause selenium (Se) contamination in US Appalachian streams, but linkages between water-column Se concentrations and Se bioaccumulation within Appalachian headwater streams have rarely been quantified. Using elevated specific conductance (SC) in stream water as an indicator of mining influence, we evaluated relationships between SC and Se concentrations in macroinvertebrates and examined dynamics of Se bioaccumulation in headwater streams. Twenty-three Appalachian streams were categorized into 3 stream types based on SC measurements: 1) reference streams with no coal-mining history; 2) mining-influenced, high-SC streams; and 3) mining-influenced, low-SC streams. Selenium concentrations in macroinvertebrates exhibited strong positive associations with both SC and dissolved Se concentrations in stream water. At 3 streams of each type, we further collected water, particulate matter (sediment, biofilm, leaf detritus), and macroinvertebrates and analyzed them for Se during 2 seasons. Enrichment, trophic transfer, and bioaccumulation factors were calculated and compared among stream types. Particulate matter and macroinvertebrates in mining-influenced streams accumulated high Se concentrations relative to reference streams. Concentrations were found at levels indicating Se to be a potential environmental stressor to aquatic life. Most Se enrichment, trophic transfer, and bioaccumulation factors were independent of season. Enrichment factors for biofilm and sediments and bioaccumulation factors for macroinvertebrate predators varied negatively with water-column Se. Our results increase scientific understanding of Se bioaccumulation processes in Appalachian headwater streams. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2714–2726. © 2018 SETAC
Service disruption index (SDI): A novel user perspective reliability indicator for modern virtual service networks
Authors: The Wut Yee Thiri , Wipusitwarakun Komwut 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a service‐independent, user‐perspective reliability analysis index for the modern virtual service networks to quantify the magnitude of failure impacts in terms of actual user‐perceived value. If a virtual service network encounters failures, it will generate disruptions to the demand traffic. The proposed algorithm observes these disrupted demand flows and then maps that value to the overall network reliability. Comparative analysis and simulation results show that our proposed method is suitable for reliability evaluation in modern virtual service networks and can provide acceptable accuracy. Consequently, it can be used by service providers as a reliability indicator to monitor the application‐specific reliability for each virtual service network.
Fire safety of FAÇADES with polystyrene foam insulation
Authors: Hofmann Anja , Kaudelka Sven , Hauswaldt Sebastian 
Published: August 2018

SummaryAs part of energy‐efficient renovations or for the construction of new buildings often external thermal insulation composite (ETIC) are used. In 2015, in Germany almost 37 million square meters were installed. But several fires involving ETIC systems with polystyrene foam (EPS) insulation in Germany led to an extensive discussion about fire safety of such systems. A collection initiated by the Frankfurt fire service of façade fires which include polystyrene insulation foam shows that more than two thirds of all reported fires started in front of buildings. In half of these fires burning waste containers were the first burning objects. Consequently, German building authorities called for tests of existing approved ETIC systems with EPS insulation in a fire scenario representing a burning waste container. As these tests revealed weaknesses in the existing ETIC systems measures were introduced to enhance the systems. However, the recently introduced German test standard DIN 4102‐20 does not take these changes into account. The DIN test represents a fire where flames emerge an opening but is downscaled regarding the size of the fire load and therefore does not represent a fully developed fire in a room. In ETIC systems with EPS insulation, the render is an important factor for the fire performance of these systems as collapse of the render usually leads to very rapid fire development. Intermediate scale tests with ETICs specimens indicate that mechanical damages of the render weaken the system significantly. Challenges and possible measures to enhance fire safety of ETIC systems are discussed.
Imperiled Species Policy Is a Critical Issue for AFS
Authors: Shirey Patrick D , Roulson Leanne H , Bigford Thomas E 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The American Fisheries Society (AFS) has a long history of scientific, management, and policy interests in the U.S. Endangered Species Act and other federal, tribal, state, provincial, and international laws pertaining to imperiled species. For decades, AFS has hosted technical sessions, developed policy, and participated in critical discussions pertaining to imperiled species conservation. For this reason, the AFS leadership elected to update the Societys three policy statements on imperiled species, which are no longer official under AFS bylaws because they expired as official AFS policy in 1987, 1993, and 1999. As part of the effort to update, here we (1) review the elements of imperilment, (2) present the history of AFS engagement on imperiled species policy issues, and (3) set the goals to update this policy and the AFS policy process moving forward. Our intent is to launch a dialogue that leads to an AFS policy statement on imperiled species, supported by primary literature, that can be updated with minor revisions every five years.
The effect of organized breast cancer screening on mammography use: Evidence from France
Authors: Buchmueller Thomas C. , Goldzahl Léontine 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn 2004, France introduced a national program of organized breast cancer screening. The national program built on preexisting local programs in some, but not all, départements. Using data from multiple waves of a nationally representative biennial survey of the French population, we estimate the effect of organized screening on the percentage of women obtaining a mammogram. The analysis uses difference‐in‐differences methods to exploit the fact that the program was targeted at women in a specific age group: 50 to 74 years old. We find that organized screening significantly raised mammography rates among women in the target age range. Just above the lower age threshold, the percentage of women reporting that they had a mammogram in the past 2 years increased by over 10 percentage points after the national program went into effect. Mammography rates increased even more among women in their 60s. Estimated effects are particularly large for women with less education and lower incomes, suggesting that France's organized screening program has reduced socioeconomic disparities in access to mammography.
Cell Penetration, Herbicidal Activity, and in‐vivo‐Toxicity of Oligo‐Arginine Derivatives and of Novel Guanidinium‐Rich Compounds Derived from the Biopolymer Cyanophycin
Authors: Grogg Marcel , Hilvert Donald , Ebert Marc‐Olivier , Beck Albert K. , Seebach Dieter , Kurth Felix , Dittrich Petra S. , Sparr Christof , Wittlin Sergio , Rottmann Matthias , Mäser Pascal 
Published: August 2018

Oligo‐arginines are thoroughly studied cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs, Figures 1 and 2). Previous in‐vitro investigations with the octaarginine salt of the phosphonate fosmidomycin (herbicide and anti‐malaria drug) have shown a 40‐fold parasitaemia inhibition with P. falciparum, compared to fosmidomycin alone (Figure 3). We have now tested this salt, as well as the corresponding phosphinate salt of the herbicide glufosinate, for herbicidal activity with whole plants by spray application, hoping for increased activities, i.e. decreased doses. However, both salts showed low herbicidal activity, indicating poor foliar uptake (Table 1). Another pronounced difference between in‐vitro and in‐vivo activity was demonstrated with various cell‐penetrating octaarginine salts of fosmidomycin: intravenous injection to mice caused exitus of the animals within minutes, even at doses as low as 1.4 μmol/kg (Table 2). The results show that use of CPPs for drug delivery, for instance to cancer cells and tissues, must be considered with due care. The biopolymer cyanophycin is a poly‐aspartic acid containing argininylated side chains (Figure 4); its building block is the dipeptide H‐βAsp‐αArg‐OH (H‐Adp‐OH). To test and compare the biological properties with those of octaarginines we synthesized Adp8‐derivatives (Figure 5). Intravenouse injection of H‐Adp8‐NH2 into the tail vein of mice with doses as high as 45 μmol/kg causes no symptoms whatsoever (Table 3), but H‐Adp8‐NH2 is not cell penetrating (HEK293 and MCF‐7 cells, Figure 6). On the other hand, the fluorescently labeled octamers FAM‐(Adp(OMe))8‐NH2 and FAM‐(Adp(NMe2))8‐NH2 with ester and amide groups in the side chains exhibit mediocre to high cell‐wall permeability (Figure 6), and are toxic (Table 3). Possible reasons for this behavior are discussed (Figure 7) and corresponding NMR spectra are presented (Figure 8).
Systemic treatment of a patient with relapsed and refractory extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKL) and meningeosis leukemica with daratumumab
Authors: Aeppli Stefanie , Driessen Christoph , Graf Lukas , Hitz Felicitas 
Published: August 2018

Key message

Targeting CD‐38‐positive ENKL cells with daratumumab might be a promising new treatment option.
Systemic administration of daratumumab may be active against intracerebral manifestations of CD‐38‐positive ENKL.
Serial EBV‐monitoring in ENKL is a usefool tool for diagnosis, response assessment and detection of relapse.
Migration and health: A systematic review on health and health care of internal migrants in India
Authors: Kusuma Yadlapalli S. , Babu Bontha V. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe objective of this paper is to review published studies on various health conditions and health care access of internal migrants in India. The guidelines under PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis were followed. We searched 3 databases—Web of Science, Medline (PubMed), and Google Scholar. By applying selection criteria, we identified a total of 42 papers to include in the review. These studies reported various health problems/morbid conditions, and some studies reported health care access. Major health issues of poor migrants included work‐related injuries, noncommunicable diseases like diabetes and hypertension, and communicable diseases like malaria and HIV. In addition, behavioural risks such as the use of tobacco and alcohol are reported. Information on health care seeking and poor access to government health care system are available. This review demonstrates the need to improve the health status and health care access of poor migrants. As health systems‐related factors also influence the health care seeking behaviour, they are to be considered along with improving the living conditions of this population. Thus, a comprehensive migrant‐sensitive health care should be the part of the urban health care system.
Provincial health expenditure and cardiovascular disease mortality, a panel data study of Canadian provinces
Authors: Pswarayi Hakunawadi , Dankwah Emmanuel , Kaur Manpreet , Okon Imaeyen , Yaghoubi Mohsen , Qarmout Tamer , Steeves Megan , Farag Marwa 
Published: August 2018

SummaryObjectiveHealth expenditures on cardiovascular disease (CVD) account for a large proportion of health care expenditures of all the diseases in Canada, and hence there is a need to examine the responsiveness of CVD outcomes to health expenditures. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between health care expenditures and CVD mortality, as a health care outcome at the provincial level in Canada.MethodsA 10‐year (2000‐2009) panel dataset was constructed from multiple data sources for the purposes of this study. The dataset composed of age standardized CVD mortalities, health care expenditures, and covariates for the 10 Canadian provinces. We employed a fixed effects model based on the results of the Hausman test, with CVD mortalities as the dependent variable and health care expenditure and other covariates, as explanatory variables.ResultsHealth care expenditures were significantly (0.05) and negatively associated with CVD mortality, with a 1% increase in health care expenditures associated with a decrease of 6.31 per 1 000 000 people in CVD mortality.ConclusionIn the Canadian context, increases in spending on health care were associated with improvements in CVD outcomes for the time period under investigation.
At the coalface of collaborative mental health care: A qualitative study of governance and power in district‐level service provision in South Africa
Authors: Janse van Rensburg André , Khan Rabia , Wouters Edwin , van Rensburg Dingie , Fourie Pieter , Bracke Piet 
Published: August 2018

SummaryGlobally, there is an urgency to address fragmented mental health systems, especially in low‐to‐middle income countries. State and non‐state mental health service collaboration is a central strategy to strengthen care. The study was undertaken to analyse the power in governance processes of public mental health service provision. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with state and non‐state actors in mental health care in a South African district. Transcriptions were thematically analysed using the Framework for Assessing Power in Collaborative Processes. Findings suggested that collaborative processes were significantly state‐owned, in terms of funding models, administrative and legislative jurisdiction, and state hierarchical referral structure. No formal agreements were in place, elevating the importance of key network actors to bring less‐endowed NGOs into the service network. Fragmentation between the Departments of Health and Social Development was telling in district forums. Resistance to power structures unfolded, some participants sidestepping traditional hierarchies to leverage funding and support. The paper highlights the complexities and different facets of power in integrated mental health care in a South African district, adding to growing literature on the social mechanisms that influence collaboration.
Turbulent forced convection flow inside inward‐outward rib corrugated tubes with different rib‐shapes
Authors: Dhaidan Nabeel S. , Abbas Abdalrazzaq K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe thermal and hydrodynamic behaviors of forced convection turbulent flow inside the corrugated tube are investigated numerically. The ribs of corrugated tube are distributed in inward‐outward arrangement simultaneously and alternately (referred as IOCT). Three roughness shapes of the corrugated tube are examined; rectangular, semicircular, and trapezoidal ribs. The computational model is validated through comparison with the predicted results with correlated and experimental ones of related works. The performance of IOCT is compared thermally and hydrodynamically with that of the inward‐rib corrugated tube (ICT), outward‐rib corrugated tube (OCT) and smooth tubes. The results reveal that the heat is exchanged effectively by employing IOCT than utilizing OCT but with extra pumping power losses. At the maximum Re, it is found that the heat transfer of IOCT is 17.7% higher than that of OCT, and utilizing IOCT instead of ICT results in a reduction of friction factor by about 27.2%. Also, IOCT exhibits a lower friction factor and pressure drop penalty than that imposed by ICT. Also, roughness shapes have an insignificant effect on the thermal and hydrodynamic performances of IOCT for the same rib geometrical parameters. Furthermore, the influence of variation pitch‐to‐diameter ratio is also examined for various rib shapes of IOCT.
Physically based maximum precipitation estimation under future climate change conditions
Authors: Ishida Kei , Kavvas M. Levent , Chen Z. Q. Richard , Dib Alain , Diaz Andres J. , Anderson Michael L. , Trinh Toan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEstimation of the extreme precipitation over a target watershed under a changing climate would be necessary to design safe large hydraulic structures. For this purpose, the maximum precipitation (MP) estimation approach was applied to the American River Watershed (ARW) in Northern California under several future climate conditions over 90 water years (2010–2099). These future climate conditions were obtained using 13 future climate projections from two general circulation models (ECHAM5 and CCSM3) based on four future climate scenarios (Special Report on Emissions Scenarios: A1B, A1FI, A2, and B1). A total of 1,170 future projected severe storm events (90 years × 13 projections) were selected with respect to the 72‐hr basin‐average precipitation over the ARW. The 72‐hr basin‐average precipitation for each of the selected severe storm events was maximized over the ARW by horizontally shifting the atmospheric boundary conditions of a regional atmospheric model in order to optimize the path of the storm system that corresponded to the particular event. After maximization, the MP estimates, which are the largest precipitation depths among the maximized results, were obtained as 836.7 mm for the early half‐century period (2010–2054) and 1,056.5 mm for the late half‐century period (2055–2099).
Variation in leaf area density drives the rainfall storage capacity of individual urban tree species
Authors: Baptista Mariana D. , Livesley Stephen J. , Parmehr Ebadat G. , Neave Melissa , Amati Marco 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA rapid rise of urban population is making cities denser. Consequently, the proportion of impervious surface cover has enlarged, increasing the amount and speed of run‐off reaching urban catchment areas, which may cause flash flooding. Trees play a key role to reduce run‐off in the city, as they intercept rainfall and store part of it on their leaves and branches, reducing the amount and speed of water running onto impervious surfaces. Storage capacity will depend on the rainfall event, the climate conditions and tree characteristics and canopy density. These canopy characteristics vary greatly among different species and their phenology. Furthermore, these canopy characteristics can vary greatly among individual trees of the same age, size, and species. This study tested how canopy density and leaf characteristics of three different tree species affect storage capacity under simulated rainfall conditions. Three species were selected (Ulmus procera, Platanus × acerifolia, and Corymbia maculata), each being of the same height and similar canopy dimensions. Storage capacity was measured using a mass balance approach during a 15‐min indoor, simulated rainfall event (2.5 mm/hr). Canopy metrics were estimated using a terrestrial laser scanner. Canopy surface area was measured through destructive harvest and leaf/twig/branch scanning. To investigate variations in the canopy leaf density, leaves were systematically removed to create four treatments: full, half, quarter, and woody. Canopy storage capacity was well correlated to plant surface area (m2), plant area index (m2/m2), and plant area density (m2/m3). All analyses indicated U. procera as the most efficient species for storing rainfall water within a canopy of equal volume or area index. Results reveal the complexity of evaluating interception of rainfall by tree canopies. This study contributes to the discipline and practice by distinguishing how variation in the leaf density is important to consider when selecting urban tree species to be planted.
Capital flow management policies in emerging market economies: Are they successful in mitigating drastic changes of capital flows?
Authors: Hwang Inbin , Park Hyungsoon , Park Sunyoung 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper constructs a new database for capital flow management policies (CFMs) in 16 emerging market economies from 1999 to 2008 and analyses their effect on extreme capital flow movements. We show that CFMs are effective in mitigating drastic changes of capital flows. We also find that CFMs do not have significant impacts on capital flow volumes. The results suggest that CFMs could be employed as policy toolkits for mitigating extreme capital flow movements without distorting capital flows in a normal period.
WIDENING THE SCOPE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT: THE FLORIDA MATERNAL, INFANT, AND EARLY CHILDHOOD HOME VISITING PROGRAM
Authors: Marshall Jennifer , Birriel Pamela C. , Baker Elizabeth , Olson Leandra , Agu Ngozichukwuka , Estefan Lianne F. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThe Florida Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) program is designed to support pregnant women and families in developing skills and utilizing resources necessary to promote their children's physical, social, and emotional development. Little evaluation attention has focused on large‐scale, public policy driven home‐visiting programs. Social support provision is a critical component of a successful home‐visiting program; therefore, there is a need to better understand participants’ perceptions of social support provided to them in this context. Forty‐five home‐visiting participants from five Florida MIECHV programs completed semistructured telephone interviews. Participants discussed their experiences with the MIECHV program, including descriptions of their interactions with home visitors. Content analysis revealed that participants experienced multilayered social support from home‐visiting staff. Families needed and received substantial emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal support at the individual level. This support was embedded within and strengthened by the strategies and activities of the home‐visiting model of service provision. Results highlight the powerful opportunity home visiting offers as a method of service delivery within the larger system of care to increase social support in families experiencing high risk for negative maternal and child health outcomes. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.