bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Rps3 counters oxidative and UV stress by recognizing and processing AP-sites on mRNA via a novel mechanism
Authors: Afsar Mohammad , Shukla Ankita , Ali Faiz , Maurya Rahul Kumar , Bharti Suman , Kumar Nelam , Sadik Mohammad , Chandra Surabhi , Rahil Huma , Kumar Sanjay , Ansari Imran , Jahan Farheen , Habib Saman , Hussain Tanweer , Krishnan Manju Yasoda , Ramachandran Ravishankar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Lesions and stable secondary structures in mRNA severely impact the translation efficiency, causing ribosome stalling and collisions. Prokaryotic ribosomal proteins Rps3, Rps4 and Rps5, located in the mRNA entry tunnel, form the mRNA helicase center and unwind stable mRNA secondary structures during translation. However, the mechanism underlying the detection of lesions on translating mRNA is unclear. We used Cryo-EM, biochemical assays, and knockdown experiments to investigate the apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endoribonuclease activity of bacterial ribosomes on AP-site containing mRNA. Our biochemical assays show that Rps3, specifically the 130RR131 motif, is important for recognizing and performing the AP-endoribonuclease activity. Furthermore, structural analysis revealed cleaved mRNA product in the 30S ribosome entry tunnel. Additionally, knockdown studies in Mycobacterium tuberculosis confirmed the protective role of Rps3 against oxidative and UV stress. Overall, our results show that prokaryotic Rps3 recognizes and processes AP-sites on mRNA via a novel mechanism that is distinct from eukaryotes.
The fungal effector AaAlta1 inhibits PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEIN10-2-mediated callose deposition and defense responses in apple
Authors: Gong Shun , Tang Jinqi , Xiao Yi , Li Tianzhong , Zhang Qiulei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Apple leaf spot, caused by Alternaria alternata f. sp mali (ALT), poses a substantial threat to the global apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) industry. Fungal effectors promote pathogen infestation and survival by interfering with plant immune responses. In our study, we investigated the secretion of effector proteins by the virulent ALT7 strain. Using mass spectrometry, we identified the effector AaAlta1, which belongs to the Alt a 1 protein family (AA1s). Further analysis confirmed that ALT7 secretes AaAlta1. AaAlta1 knockdown mutants displayed reduced pathogenicity in apple tissue culture seedlings, while overexpression strains exhibited enhanced pathogenicity compared to the wild-type ALT7 strain. Using immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry, we isolated pathogenesis-related protein 10-2 (PR10-2) as an interaction partner of AaAlta1 in apple. Knockdown mutants of AaAlta1 showed increased PR10-2-mediated callose deposition in apple, a critical plant defense response. The enhanced defense responses in apple substantially reduced their susceptibility to infection by these ALT7 mutants. Our findings delineate an infection strategy whereby ALT7 secretes AaAlta1 to suppress PR10-2, thereby circumventing the apple defense system.
Elevated serum interferon-α2 associates with activity and flare risk in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Natoli Valentina , Crow Yanick J , Hunt David P J , Tharmaratnam Kukatharmini , Jorgensen Andrea L , Beresford Michael W , Hedrich Christian M , Smith Eve M D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study investigated serum IFN-α2 as a putative marker of disease activity and predictor of disease flares in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE).

Methods
A total of 222 serum samples were analysed, including 28 healthy controls (HCs), 88 jSLE (159 samples) and 35 juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients. IFN-α2 levels were determined using single-molecule array (Simoa). Cross-sectionally, median IFN-α2 levels were compared between patient groups and disease activity state sub-groups. Time to flare was analysed by linear regression. Longitudinally, the ability of the IFN-α2 and other traditional biomarkers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate/ESR, low C3 and anti-dsDNA antibodies) to detect and predict flares was assessed via a generalised linear mixed model.

Results
Cross-sectional analysis showed higher median IFN-α2 levels in the active/intermediate group (median 3185 fg/ml, IQR 48–13 703) compared with the LDAS (571 fg/ml, IQR 57–1310 fg/ml, P = 0.04) and remission sub-groups (271 fg/ml, IQR 3–56, P &lt;0.001). IFN-α2 was higher in all JSLE patients (median 587 fg/ml, IQR 11–2774) as compared with JIA patients (median 7 fg/ml, IQR 3–236, P = 0.0017) and HCs (P = 0.017). JSLE patients in remission or LDAS with abnormal IFN-α2 levels had a shorter time to flare over the subsequent six months compared with those with normal IFN-α2 levels (P = 0.022). Longitudinally, multivariable analysis demonstrated high IFN-α2 to be the only predictor of an ongoing flare (P = 0.028).

Conclusion
Serum IFN-α2 levels associate with disease activity and can predict ongoing and future flares in jSLE. These findings suggest that quantification of IFN-α2 may support risk stratification and disease monitoring in these patients.
Serum Concentration of Antidepressant Drugs in Geriatric Day Care Patients With Renal Insufficiency and Multimorbidity
Authors: Reber Sibylle , Herr Alexandra S. , Unterecker Stefan , Scherf-Clavel Maike 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Geriatric depression is challenging to treat owing to age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and comorbidities. Although renal insufficiency and multimorbidity are typical geriatric complications that cannot be completely separated from each other, no study has examined the influence of these factors on the serum concentrations of antidepressants. For the first time, we evaluated the effects of these factors in combination on the dose-corrected serum concentration (C/D) of antidepressants in geriatric patients.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, data from 123 geriatric patients in a gerontopsychiatric day care unit at the University Hospital of Würzburg were analyzed. Multiple linear regression analysis and analysis of variance with confounders were used to examine the associations between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and stages of renal impairment and the C/D of venlafaxine, mirtazapine, sertraline, and escitalopram corrected for multimorbidity, sex, lithium intake, and the number of triple whammy drugs.

Results:
GFR (P < 0.001, ß = −0.070) was associated with the C/D of the active moiety of venlafaxine (N = 32). GFR, multimorbidity, and sex were not associated with the C/D of mirtazapine, escitalopram, or sertraline.

Conclusions:
As the influence of sex may be less pronounced than that of decreasing GFR in terms of the C/D of the active moiety of venlafaxine in geriatric patients, we recommend considering the GFR for dose adjustment rather than sex. In conclusion, even in patients with mild renal impairment, serum venlafaxine concentration should be monitored to prevent overdosing. Mirtazapine, sertraline, and escitalopram may be well-suited antidepressants for geriatric patients with renal function impairment stage 2–3 as well as multimorbidity.
Diversity in the US Academic Microsurgery Pathway
Authors: Musavi Leila , Malapati Sri Harshini , Hemal Kshipra , Chen Wendy , Broach Robyn , Yost Mark T. , Butler Paris D. 
Published: November 2024

Summary:
Although the representation of women and ethnic minority students in the US medical schools has recently increased, discrepancies in representation among plastic surgery residents and faculty continue. The state of sex and ethnic diversity in academic microsurgery remains minimally investigated. We aimed to evaluate the sex, race, and ethnicity demographics among academic microsurgeons and identify underrepresentation along the leadership pathway. The US-based microsurgery fellowship programs provided contact information of fellowship graduates from 2006 to 2020. An anonymous electronic survey was distributed, and demographic, training background, mentorship, and career path data were collected. Program websites were reviewed to collect data on academic microsurgery faculty nationwide. We found that women and non-White surgeons reported similar rates of effective mentorship in training. Compared with White surgeons, non-White surgeons had lower probability of holding an academic position directly after fellowship (odds ratio = 0.28, P = 0.023) and reported fewer perceived opportunities for professional advancement (61% versus 91%, P = 0.007). The majority of academic leadership positions were held by White surgeons (72%). Overall, women faculty were earlier in their careers than men (mean time out of fellowship 7.2 years for women versus 14.8 years for men, P < 0.001), signifying a lack of senior female faculty. Male faculty had higher rates of leadership than female faculty (24.7% versus 8.0%, P = 0.01). Our results demonstrate that women and non-White surgeons are not adequately represented in academic microsurgery faculty and leadership positions. Future interventions seeking to increase diversity can help improve the delivery of equitable reconstructive care.
Surgical outcomes of tractional maculopathy associated with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in children
Authors: Ma Jing , Yuan Ming-Zhen , Liu Jing-Hua , Li Song-Feng , Deng Guang-Da , Li Liang , Lu Hai 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the surgical outcomes of pediatric familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) complicated by tractional maculopathy.

Methods:
Retrospective case series. Chart review of 14 children (15 eyes) diagnosed with tractional maculopathy-complicated FEVR who received vitrectomy.

Results:
The mean age at surgery was 7.2 years. The mean follow-up duration was 14.1 months. The logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 1.0±0.6 (20/200 Snellen) to 0.6±0.6 (20/80 Snellen) post-operation (t=4.293, p=0.001). The peripapillary temporal inner angle (PTIA, 63.9(15.7) ° vs. 71.1(31.2) °, z=-2.726, p=0.006) and peripapillary temporal outer angle (PTOA, 63.4±25.2° vs. 69.6±23.5°, t=-2.820, p=0.014) widened post-operation. Postoperative BCVA was superior in eyes with a shorter time between symptom onset and surgery (r=0.688, p=0.019), better preoperative logMAR BCVA (r=0.830, p<0.001), and preoperative widening of the outer nuclear layer (ONL, r-pb=0.730, p=0.007) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ, r-pb=0.794, p=0.002), and in eyes with postoperative ellipsoid (r-pb=0.641, p=0.018) and interdigitation zones integrity (r-pb=0.614, p=0.026), widening of the ONL(r-pb=0.816, p=0.001) and FAZ (r-pb=0.940, p<0.001), and absence of the inner retinal layer at the fovea (r-pb=0.672, p=0.012).

Conclusion:
Vitrectomy is effective for pediatric FEVR complicated by tractional maculopathy. Patient selection is crucial and iatrogenic complications should be avoided.
Local Betamethasone Versus Triamcinolone Injection In Management of Thyroid Eye Disease-Related Upper Eyelid Retraction With Proptosis
Authors: Awad Rawda A. , Abo-Ghadir Ahmed A. , Hussien Mohamed Shehata , Awad Ahmad A. , Kedwany Salma M. , Mohammad Abd El-Nasser A. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
To compare the efficacy of local injection of both betamethasone and triamcinolone in the management of thyroid eye disease-related upper eyelid retraction with proptosis.

Methods:
This prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted at Assiut University Hospital, Upper Egypt in the period between December 2021 and December 2023. The study included 45 patients (77 eyes) and was divided into: A (betamethasone) group and B (triamcinolone) group. The steroid was injected peri-levator (1 ml) and retrobulbar (1.5 ml). The injection was repeated every month for up to 5 injections if there was an improvement in margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) and Hertel measurements. The injection was stopped if measurements reached the normal value or if 2 successive injections caused no improvement. The postinjection outcome was divided into; 1) effective if measurements reached the normal (MRD1 ≤4.5 mm and Hertel ≤18 mm); 2) partially effective if measurements were improved but did not reach the normal; and 3) ineffective if there was no improvement in measurements. The follow-up ranged from 6 to 20 months.

Results:
In group A, the injection was effective in 35 eyes (89.74%) and partially effective in 4 eyes (10.26%). In group B, the injection was effective in 22 eyes (57.9%), partially effective in 8 eyes (21.05%) and ineffective in 8 eyes (21.05%). The mean injection number was significantly lower in group A than in group B; 2.54 ± 0.51 versus 3.74 ± 1.18.

Conclusions:
This study’s results suggest that betamethasone is more effective with a small number of injections than triamcinolone in the management of thyroid eye disease-related upper eyelid retraction with proptosis.
Pouching System Leakage and Peristomal Skin Complications Following Ostomy Surgery in the Immediate Postoperative Period
Authors: Zamarripa Cecilia , Craig Alexandra , Kelly Matthew T. , Mathews Carol , Folk Amy 
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to explore the performance of pouching systems with respect to leakage and the development of peristomal skin complications (PSCs) in an acute care setting immediately following ostomy creation.

DESIGN
Non-experimental, retrospective cohort study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING
The sample comprised 214 patients admitted for stoma-creation surgery at one of the 2 University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian-Shadyside campuses located in the Northeastern United States (Pittsburgh, PA). Patients were seen in an in-patient care setting.

METHODS
Electronic health records from patients who were in the hospital for ostomy creation surgery were reviewed by wound ostomy continence nurses from each hospital. Demographic and selected clinical data were collected. The main outcome variables used to evaluate pouching system performance were leakage and PSCs. These outcomes were assessed starting at pouch placement in the operating room and at every subsequent pouch change (up to 5) through discharge or 2 weeks following surgery.

RESULTS
Use of an elastic tapeless barrier (ETB) significantly reduced the risk of leakage compared to a ceramide-infused tape-border barrier (CIB) for patients (41% reduced risk of leakage, P = .011). Use of the ETB also reduced leakage risk compared to the CIB for patients who experienced leakage 2 or more times during the observation period (31% reduction in leakage risk, P = .043). Five types of PSCs occurred during the study and statistical analysis indicated no significant differences in the number of PSCs was documented between barrier types.

CONCLUSION
The use of an ETB significantly reduced the risk of leakage compared to a CIB.
A Comparative Randomized Cross-Over Trial to Examine Efficacy of Urine Capture and Comfort of Two Male External Urine Collection Devices in Healthy Male Volunteers
Authors: Wagg Adrian , Redmond Danielle R. 
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE
This study assessed the efficiency of urine collection using external urine collection devices over two voids in a group of morbidly obese and non-obese men.

DESIGN
Prospective single-blind comparative crossover study.

MATERIALS AND METHOD
We assessed the comparative urine capture efficiency of two commercially available male external urine management systems. Continent consenting men were randomized to use each device for a single void. The proportion of urine captured by each device expressed as a percentage of the total volume voided in grams was calculated and compared. Results were compared between morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) and non-morbidity (BMI ≤ 40 kg/m2) men.

RESULTS
Fifty-nine men completed the study; their mean (standard deviation, SD) age was 40.8 (SD 12.4) years. For void 1, the mean proportion of urine capture for Device A was 97.8% (SD 10.0); for Device B it was 90.7% (SD 20.7). For void 2, the mean proportion of urine capture for Device A was 91.1% (SD 25.8); for Device B it was 85.2% (SD 21.7). The mean difference between devices was 6.6% (95% CI 0.18, 13.0), P = .044. Stratified by weight, in the morbidly obese men, Device A captured 99.7% (SD 0.88) of the first void versus 83.5% (SD 32.2) for Device B. Analysis of the second voids found that Device A captured 80.8% (SD 36.9) versus 79.3% (SD 23.3) for Device B.

CONCLUSION
Device A (the investigational device) performed significantly better than Device B in capture rates when compared based on voided volume, order of void, or BMI category. Device A male external catheter system is an effective option for urine management in both obese and non-obese men.
Characteristics of Diaper Dermatitis in Patients Aged 0-24 Months After Congenital Heart Disease and the Effects of a Diaper Dermatitis Care Bundle
Authors: Chin Pei-Ju , Liao Li-Na , Huang Li-Chi 
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine characteristics of diaper dermatitis (DD) in critically ill patients aged 0 to 24 months following surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD), the effects of a diaper dermatitis care bundle (DDCB), and factors associated with the development of DD in this population.

DESIGN
Nonrandomized comparison cohort study with a historical comparison group.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING
Convenience sampling was used to identify children aged 0 to 24 months undergoing CHD and cared for in a pediatric intensive care unit in central Taiwan (Taichung). The sample comprised 54 participants; 24 were in the historical comparison group and 30 received the DDCB.

METHODS
The rate of DD from the historical comparison group was compared to that in an intervention group managed with a bundle of interventions used to prevent and manage DD, which includes the routine use of a topical skin protectant. The participants in the historical comparison group received usual care to prevent and manage DD including routine cleansing with a moistened, disposable cloth every 3 hours and following defecation or urination. The DDCB comprised diaper changes at least every 3 hours and as needed after soiling, along with the routine application of a dimethicone and sodium hyaluronate-based skin protectant before diaper changes. Both groups were evaluated for use of an antifungal cream when candidiasis was present.

RESULTS
Participants managed with the DDCB have a significantly lower rate of DD than the historical comparison group who received routine care (41.65% vs 6.67%, P = .002). Univariate logistic regression showed an odds ratio of 0.10 (95% confidence interval of 0.019-0.520, P = .006), suggesting that the DDCB acted as a protective factor against the development of DD. Multivariate analysis of the historical comparison group indicated that non-cyanotic heart disease was associated with a lower likelihood of postoperative DD compared to those with cyanotic heart disease (odds ratio = 0.01, 95% confidence interval of 0.000-0.946, P = .047).

CONCLUSIONS
Managing critically ill patients with a DDCB recovering from cardiac surgery significantly decreased the incidence of DD. We recommend routine use of this type of care bundle for preventing DD in this vulnerable population in all children with CHD, with particular attention being paid to this with cyanotic CHD.
How can coworking spaces promote knowledge sharing among coworkers: an identification-based perspective
Authors: Tandon Ankita , Chakrabarti Diganta 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
Coworking spaces provide coworkers significant opportunities to connect, share knowledge, learn from each other and innovate. Yet, there is hardly any research literature on how coworking spaces support this. This paper examines how coworking spaces can promote knowledge sharing among coworkers to support innovation and develops a conceptual framework for the same.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper brings together literature from the fields of coworking spaces, communities of practice, identification and knowledge sharing to develop a conceptual framework.

Findings
Coworking space managers can drive specific activities to promote a sense of community among coworkers. This can create identification with the coworking community and with the coworking space, leading to higher propensity to collaborate, share knowledge and work together to innovate.

Research limitations/implications
This paper proposes a conceptual framework that can be further examined through qualitative and quantitative research.

Practical implications
This paper suggests specific activities which coworking space managers can undertake to promote learning and innovation – important motivations for people to use coworking spaces. This will also help coworking spaces to make a strong business case and differentiate themselves from competitors.

Originality/value
Since coworking spaces bring together people from varied backgrounds who belong to diverse organizations and work on varied domains, nudging them to share knowledge is difficult. This paper is one of the first attempts at developing a framework to promote knowledge sharing in coworking spaces.
Rational expectations tests on financial analysts’ cash flow forecasts
Authors: He Ting , Zheng Kenneth 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis study investigates whether financial analysts process information efficiently when they make cash flow forecasts.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 3,967 observations spanning 2004–2016, we perform empirical analyses by regressing actual cash flows on previous cash flow forecasts for the current period and a vector of information variables known to the analysts at the time of the forecasts.FindingsWe find that analysts do not incorporate past stock returns or past cash flow information efficiently when they generate cash flow forecasts. We also find weak evidence that analysts do not incorporate past consensus cash flow forecasts or past accruals information when they generate cash flow forecasts.Practical implicationsOur findings contribute to the analyst forecast efficiency literature and highlight the difference between analyst cash flow forecast efficiency and earnings forecast efficiency.Originality/valueWhile extant research on whether analysts use publicly available information efficiently when generating earnings forecasts documents mixed findings (e.g. DeBondt and Thaler, 1990; Abarbanell and Bernard, 1992; Basu and Markov, 2004; Evans et al., 2017), our results regarding analysts’ cash flow forecast efficiency are unambiguous.