bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inside Cover: A Three‐Dimensional MnII‐[MoIII(CN)7]4– Ferrimagnet Containing Formate as a Second Bridging Ligand (Chin. J. Chem. 1/2019)
Authors: Shi Le , Shao Dong , Shen Fu‐Ying , Wei Xiao‐Qin , Wang Xin‐Yi 
Published: December 2018

The inside cover picture shows a three‐dimensional MnII‐[MoIII(CN)7]4– ferrimagnet containing formate as a second bridging ligand synthesized from the self‐assembly of the [Mo(CN)7]4– anion and the Mn2+ ion in the presence of ammonium formate. Due to their interesting magnetic properties, [Mo(CN)7]4– based molecular magnetic complexes have attracted continuous interests. However because of the high sensitivity of the MoIII center to both air and light, reports on these compounds are quite few. By introducing a second short bridge ligand into the [Mo(CN)7]4– based materials, the first mixed [Mo(CN)7]4–/HCOO– bridged molecule magnet with a critical temperature of 70 K can be constructed. More details are discussed in the article by Wang et al. on page 19–24.
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Amino Acid Transport Across the Mammalian Intestine
Authors: Bröer Stefan , Fairweather Stephen J. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe small intestine mediates the absorption of amino acids after ingestion of protein and sustains the supply of amino acids to all tissues. The small intestine is an important contributor to plasma amino acid homeostasis, while amino acid transport in the large intestine is more relevant for bacterial metabolites and fluid secretion. A number of rare inherited disorders have contributed to the identification of amino acid transporters in epithelial cells of the small intestine, in particular cystinuria, lysinuric protein intolerance, Hartnup disorder, iminoglycinuria, and dicarboxylic aminoaciduria. These are most readily detected by analysis of urine amino acids, but typically also affect intestinal transport. The genes underlying these disorders have all been identified. The remaining transporters were identified through molecular cloning techniques to the extent that a comprehensive portrait of functional cooperation among transporters of intestinal epithelial cells is now available for both the basolateral and apical membranes. Mouse models of most intestinal transporters illustrate their contribution to amino acid homeostasis and systemic physiology. Intestinal amino acid transport activities can vary between species, but these can now be explained as differences of amino acid transporter distribution along the intestine. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:343‐373, 2019.
Myocardial Cell Signaling During the Transition to Heart Failure
Authors: Zeglinski Matthew R. , Moghadam Adel Rezaei , Ande Sudharsana R. , Sheikholeslami Kimia , Mokarram Pooneh , Sepehri Zahra , Rokni Haleh , Mohtaram Nima Khadem , Poorebrahim Mansour , Masoom Anahita , Toback Mehnosh , Sareen Niketa , Saravanan Sekaran , Jassal Davinder S. , Hashemi Mohammad , Marzban Hassan , Schaafsma Dedmer , Singal Pawan , Wigle Jeffrey T. , Czubryt Michael P. , Akbari Mohsen , Dixon Ian M.C. , Ghavami Saeid , Gordon Joseph W. , Dhingra Sanjiv 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTCardiovascular disease leading to heart failure (HF) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Improved pharmacological and interventional coronary procedures have led to improved outcomes following acute myocardial infarction. This success has translated into an unforeseen increased incidence in HF. This review summarizes the signaling pathways implicated in the transition to HF following cardiac injury. In addition, we provide an update on cell death signaling and discuss recent advances in cardiac fibrosis as an independent event leading to HF. Finally, we discuss cell‐based therapies and their possible use to avert the deteriorating nature of HF. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:75‐125, 2019.
Zinc Transport in the Mammalian Intestine
Authors: Hennigar Stephen R. , McClung James P. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTZinc homeostasis is primarily maintained in the proximal small intestine. Sophisticated transport mechanisms maintain zinc homeostasis by controlling the uptake and efflux of zinc in intestinal absorptive epithelial cells. Zrt‐irt‐like proteins (ZIPs) and zinc transporters (ZnTs) function in a coordinated manner to assimilate zinc from the lumen of the small intestine, subcellular compartments within the absorptive epithelial cell, and circulation. This manuscript details zinc transport mechanisms in the mammalian small intestine, along with factors that regulate these processes and consequences of dysregulated zinc transport. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:59‐74, 2019.
Mechanisms of Sex Disparities in Cardiovascular Function and Remodeling
Authors: Chaudhari Sarika , Cushen Spencer C. , Osikoya Oluwatobiloba , Jaini Paresh A. , Posey Rachel , Mathis Keisa W. , Goulopoulou Styliani 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTEpidemiological studies demonstrate disparities between men and women in cardiovascular disease prevalence, clinical symptoms, treatments, and outcomes. Enrollment of women in clinical trials is lower than men, and experimental studies investigating molecular mechanisms and efficacy of certain therapeutics in cardiovascular disease have been primarily conducted in male animals. These practices bias data interpretation and limit the implication of research findings in female clinical populations. This review will focus on the biological origins of sex differences in cardiovascular physiology, health, and disease, with an emphasis on the sex hormones, estrogen and testosterone. First, we will briefly discuss epidemiological evidence of sex disparities in cardiovascular disease prevalence and clinical manifestation. Second, we will describe studies suggesting sexual dimorphism in normal cardiovascular function from fetal life to older age. Third, we will summarize and critically discuss the current literature regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of estrogens and androgens on cardiac and vascular physiology and the contribution of these hormones to sex differences in cardiovascular disease. Fourth, we will present cardiovascular disease risk factors that are positively associated with the female sex, and thus, contributing to increased cardiovascular risk in women. We conclude that inclusion of both men and women in the investigation of the role of estrogens and androgens in cardiovascular physiology will advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying sex differences in cardiovascular disease. In addition, investigating the role of sex‐specific factors in the development of cardiovascular disease will reduce sex and gender disparities in the treatment and diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:375‐411, 2019.
Regulation of Red Blood Cell Volume with Exercise Training
Authors: Montero David , Lundby Carsten 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTHypervolemia is a hallmark of endurance training (ET) and manifests by similar elevations in plasma (PV) and red blood cell volume (RBCV) so that hematocrit largely remains unaltered following weeks/months of training. While the mechanisms facilitating PV expansion with ET have been previously reviewed extensively this is not the case for RBCV. Endurance champions may have 40% more RBCV than controls and RBCV may increase up to 10% following months of regular exercise training in healthy individuals. Such adaptations are the main factor leading to concomitant changes in maximal oxygen uptake. The increase in RBCV is preceded by that of PV after few ET sessions, which in turn transiently decreases the hematocrit. The “critmeter” theory suggests that O2sensors located within the juxtamedullary apparatus regulate the hematocrit via modulation of renal erythropoietin (EPO) production according to arterial O2content‐dependent changes in tissue O2pressure. Hence, the initial decrease in hematocrit can be considered as a primary mechanism facilitating RBCV expansion with ET. Furthermore, after a single endurance exercise bout blood volume‐regulating hormones ANGII and VPN increase transiently. Both stimulate renal EPO production. Catecholamines and cortisol, stress hormones acutely increased by endurance exercise, may facilitate the release of red blood cells from the bone marrow, thus possibly contributing to ET‐induced erythropoiesis. These and other endocrine effects could be enhanced by the hyperplasia of the hematopoietic bone marrow observed in endurance athletes. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:149‐164, 2019.
Motor Neuroprostheses
Authors: Prochazka Arthur 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTNeuroprostheses (NPs) are electrical stimulators that activate nerves, either to provide sensory input to the central nervous system (sensory NPs), or to activate muscles (motor NPs: MNPs). The first MNPs were belts with inbuilt batteries and electrodes developed in the 1850s to exercise the abdominal muscles. They became enormously popular among the general public, but as a result of exaggerated therapeutic claims they were soon discredited by the medical community. In the 1950s, MNPs reemerged for the serious purpose of activating paralyzed muscles. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), when applied in a preset sequence, is called therapeutic electrical stimulation (TES). NMES timed so that it enhances muscle contraction in intended voluntary movements is called functional electrical stimulation (FES) or functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS). It has been 50 years since the first FES device, a foot‐drop stimulator, was described and 40 years since the first implantable version was tested in humans. A commercial foot‐drop stimulator became available in the 1970s, but for various reasons, it failed to achieve widespread use. With advances in technology, such devices are now more convenient and reliable. Enhancing upper limb function is a more difficult task, but grasp‐release stimulators have been shown to provide significant benefits. This chapter deals with the technical aspects of NMES, the therapeutic and functional benefits of TES and FES, delayed‐onset and carryover effects attributable to “neuromodulation” and the barriers and opportunities in this rapidly developing field. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:127‐148, 2019.
Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Benzene, Toluene and Xylenes (BTX) in Water Using a Cathodically Pre‐treated Boron‐doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Garcia de Freitas Junior Geraldo , Florêncio Tayla M. , Mendonça Ricardo J. , Salazar‐Banda Giancarlo R. , Oliveira Robson T. S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn electrochemical method for the simultaneous determination of benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX) in water was developed using square‐wave voltammetry (SWV). The determination of BTX was carried out using a cathodically pre‐treated boron‐doped diamond electrode (BDD) using 0.1 mol L−1 H2SO4 as supporting electrolyte. In the SWV measurements using the BDD, the oxidation peak potentials of the total xylenes‐toluene and toluene‐benzene couples, present in ternary mixtures, display separations of about 100 and 200 mV, respectively. The attained detection limits for the simultaneous determination of benzene, toluene and total xylenes were 3.0×10−7, 8.0×10−7 and 9.1×10−7 mol L−1, respectively. The recovery values taken in ternary mixtures of benzene, toluene and total xylenes in aqueous solutions are 98.9 %, 99.2 % and 99.4 %, respectively.
Tectonic significance of the Cretaceous granitoids along the south‐east coast of continental China
Authors: Xue Qiqi , Niu Yaoling , Chen Shuo , Sun Pu , Duan Meng , Gao Yajie , Hong Di , Xiao Yuanyuan , Wang Xiaohong , Guo Pengyuan 
Published: December 2018

We present the results of our study on 16 Cretaceous granitoid plutons along the south‐east coast of continental China. The zircon U–Pb ages and the bulk‐rock Rb–Sr isochron age (R2 = 0.935) indicate that the granitoids represent the last episode of magmatism (119–92 Ma) associated with the paleo‐Pacific Plate subduction beneath continental China. These granitoids show large compositional variation that is to a first‐order consistent with varying extents of magma evolution, which is best expressed by a large SiO2/MgO range and correlated trends of SiO2/MgO with the abundances and ratios of major and trace elements. The correlated Nd (εNd(t) = −6.1 to −1.2) and Hf (εHf(t) = −4.7 to +3.4) isotopic variation reflects parental magma compositional differences as a result of varying sources and processes. The Nd–Hf isotope data indicate that these granitoids were produced by mature continental crust melting with significant mantle input (~20–60%). Rhyolite‐MELTS modelling shows that relative to the less evolved (i.e., low SiO2/MgO) granitoid plutons, the progressively more evolved (i.e., varying larger SiO2/MgO) plutons can be explained by varying extents (~24% to 67%) of fractional crystallization. The origin of the magmas parental to the granitoids is best explained by a two‐stage process: (a) subducting slab dehydration‐induced mantle wedge melting for basaltic magmas and (b) ascent and underplating/intrusion of the basaltic magmas caused the mature crustal melting for the granitoid magmas. The systematic northward decrease in εNd(t) and εHf(t) suggests progressively more enriched crustal material towards the north, but it may very well indicate northward crustal thickening, permitting a greater extent of crustal assimilation.
Kinetics of indocyanine green: Optimizing tumor to normal tissue fluorescence in image‐guided oral cancer surgery applications
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Xie Diya , Wang Ziyang , Zhang Xudong , Zhang Qian , Wang Yang , Newton Andrew D. , Singhal Sunil , Cai Huiming , Wang Yiqing , Lu Qian , Hu Qingang , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe study aimed to define indocyanine green (ICG) kinetics to determine the optimal ICG dose and surgical time for near‐infrared fluorescence‐guided oral cancer surgery.MethodsSpectrometer and grayscale digital imaging were used to quantify the ICG kinetics in 12 patients with oral cancer. The fluorescence intensity and signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR) of tumor and normal tissue were tested at 1, 6, and 24 hours after ICG injection.ResultsThe greatest contrast in the fluorescence intensity between tumor and normal tissue was observed at 6 hours (P < .01), and of three dose groups (0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 mg/kg), 0.75 mg/kg showed the highest SBR (2.06 ± 0.23) after ICG injection.ConclusionsFluorescence quantification based on spectrometry and grayscale imaging could be effective in determining the optimal ICG dose and surgical time after ICG injection in this cohort of patients with oral cancer.
Biomaterial‐induced multinucleated giant cells express proinflammatory signaling molecules: A histological study in humans
Authors: Zhang Yunxin , Al‐Maawi Sarah , Wang Xuejiu , Sader Robert , James Kirkpatrick C , Ghanaati Shahram 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe biomaterials physicochemical characteristics influence their cellular reaction, degradation and regenerative capacities. Macrophages and multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) are observed in the augmentation area of biomaterials. This study, for the first time, evaluated the polarization pattern of macrophages and MNGCs in response to two different bone substitute materials (synthetic bone substitute material [SBSM] = NanoBone vs. xenogeneic bone substitute material [XBSM] = Bio‐Oss) in human bone biopsies compared to non‐augmented bone (control). Histomorphometrical analysis of the polarization in proinflammatory (M1) and anti‐inflammatory (M2) cells was performed using different immunohistochemical markers: CD‐68 = macrophages; CCR‐7 and Cox‐2 (M1) and CD‐206 and CD‐163 (M2) and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). The macrophage polarization pattern in SBSM showed a significantly higher number of M1 cells than did XBSM and non‐augmented bone. XBSM induced a significantly higher number of CD‐206‐positive macrophages than SBSM did. No significant difference was found between XBSM and the non‐augmented bone. MNGCs expressed CD‐68 and TRAP. In both test‐groups, MNGCs showed a high proinflammatory character (CCR‐7 and Cox‐2‐positive) and their number in the SBSM group was significantly higher than that of XBSM. The tissue distribution showed a significantly low percentage of the remaining biomaterial in SBSM compared to XBSM. Within the limitations of this study, these findings show that MNGCs exhibit a rather proinflammatory character and lead to biomaterial degradation, once they are induced in a high number. The premature degradation of bone substitute materials is compensated with a high percentage of connective tissue and not new bone formation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 780–790, 2019.
Toward zonally tailored scaffolds for osteochondral differentiation of synovial mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Diaz‐Rodriguez Patricia , Erndt‐Marino Josh D. , Gharat Tanmay , Munoz Pinto Dany J. , Samavedi Satyavrata , Bearden Robert , Grunlan Melissa A. , Saunders W. Brian , Hahn Mariah S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSynovium‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) are an emerging cell source for regenerative medicine applications, including osteochondral defect (OCD) repair. However, in contrast to bone marrow MSCs, scaffold compositions which promote SMSC chondrogenesis/osteogenesis are still being identified. In the present manuscript, we examine poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG)‐based scaffolds containing zonally‐specific biochemical cues to guide SMSC osteochondral differentiation. Specifically, SMSCs were encapsulated in PEG‐based scaffolds incorporating glycosaminoglycans (hyaluronan or chondroitin‐6‐sulfate [CSC]), low‐dose of chondrogenic and osteogenic growth factors (TGFβ1 and BMP2, respectively), or osteoinductive poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Initial studies suggested that PEG‐CSC‐TGFβ1 scaffolds promoted enhanced SMSC chondrogenic differentiation, as assessed by significant increases in Sox9 and aggrecan. Conversely, PEG‐PDMS‐BMP2 scaffolds stimulated increased levels of osteoblastic markers with significant mineral deposition. A “Transition” zone formulation was then developed containing a graded mixture of the chondrogenic and osteogenic signals present in the PEG‐CSC‐TGFβ1 and PEG‐PDMS‐BMP2 constructs. SMSCs within the “Transition” formulation displayed a phenotypic profile similar to hypertrophic chondrocytes, with the highest expression of collagen X, intermediate levels of osteopontin, and mineralization levels equivalent to “bone” formulations. Overall, these results suggest that a graded transition from PEG‐CSC‐TGFβ1 to PEG‐PDMS‐BMP2 scaffolds elicits a gradual SMSC phenotypic shift from chondrocyte to hypertrophic chondrocyte to osteoblast‐like. As such, further development of these scaffold formulations for use in SMSC‐based OCD repair is warranted. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2019–2029, 2019.
Transformation of cheaper mangosteen pericarp waste into bioethanol and chemicals
Authors: Cho Eun J , Park Chan S , Bae Hyeun J 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe cost of biomass feedstock represents a large portion of the total cost of bioethanol production. Therefore, it is necessary to find candidate materials as cheap feedstock for bioethanol production. Mangosteen pericarp waste (MPW) has potential as a feedstock for the production of bioethanol and other valuable chemicals.RESULTSWe have developed a new method to efficiently convert MPW into bioethanol and other valuable products such as biosugar, α‐mangostin and γ‐mangostin. The biosugar was obtained from in‐house produced cellulase and pectinase at a 90% conversion rate; the biosugar was converted into bioethanol with 75% yield using separate hydrolysis and fermentation. In addition, the extraction of α‐mangostin increased 1.46‐fold after a combination of popping pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. A copper‐doped magnetic nanomatrix (Cu‐MNM) was utilized to purify α‐mangostin from MPW. We also obtained a good yield of γ‐mangostin via o‐demethylation reaction of α‐mangostin.CONCLUSIONThe value of MPW can be increased through reuse to produce bioethanol and other valuable active materials such as biosugar, α‐mangostin and γ‐mangostin. We predict that economically beneficial processes could be developed from the reuse of these waste materials. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Getting TANned: How the tumor microenvironment drives neutrophil recruitment
Authors: SenGupta Shuvasree , Subramanian Bhagawat C , Parent Carole A 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The directed migration of neutrophils to sites of injury or infection is mediated by complex networks of chemoattractant-receptor signaling cascades. The recent appreciation of neutrophils as active participants in tumor progression and metastasis has drawn attention to a number of chemokine-receptor systems that may drive their recruitment to tumors. However, the dynamic nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) along with the phenotypic diversity among tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) call for a more comprehensive approach to understand neutrophil trafficking to tumors. Here, we review recent advances in understanding how guidance cues underlie neutrophil migration to primary and secondary tumor sites. We also discuss how the presence of other myeloid cells, such as functionally diverse subsets of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), can further influence neutrophil accumulation in tumors. Finally, we highlight the importance of hypoxia sensing in localizing TAMs and TANs in the tumor niche and provide a cohesive view on how both myeloid cell types shape TME-associated extracellular matrix organization, which in turn contribute to tumor progression.
FDG‐PET/CT for diagnosis and follow‐up of necrotizing (malignant) external otitis
Authors: Stern Shavit Sagit , Bernstine Hanna , Sopov Vladimir , Nageris Ben , Hilly Ohad 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveImaging is important for the diagnosis and follow‐up of necrotizing external otitis (NEO). The best imaging modality is controversy. To suggest 2‐deoxy‐2‐[fluorine‐18] fluoro‐D‐glucose‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F‐FDG‐PET/CT) as an alternative to technetium‐99m and gallium‐67 scans for diagnosis and assessment of response to treatment for patients with NEO.Study DesignCase series.MethodsTertiary referral center. From 2013 through 2017, 12 patients were diagnosed with NEO based on clinical features and positive FDG uptake within the temporal bone on PET/CT. Mean age was 74 ± 11.5; 83% of the patients were male; and 83% had diabetes.ResultsPET/CT scans were reviewed independently by two nuclear medicine specialists. Imaging located osteomyelitis in external ear canal, mastoid, temporomandibular joint, and nasopharyngeal region (100%, 50%, 16%, 8%, respectively).Mean follow‐up was 16 months. Eight patients (67%) underwent a second PET/CT scan after active otitis resolved and after at least 6 weeks of antibiotic treatment. The scan demonstrated no or substantially reduced FDG uptake and treatment was stopped. The patients had no NEO symptoms at the end of follow‐up. One patient had significant uptake, and antibiotic treatment was continued until a third scan demonstrated no FDG uptake. Two patients died before the second PET/CT, and two were lost to follow‐up.Conclusion18F‐FDG‐PET/CT is a reliable imaging modality for diagnosis, disease localization, and decision making regarding treatment cessation. 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT should be considered as the imaging modality of choice for initial diagnosis and follow‐up in NEO patients. Larger, controlled studies are warranted.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:961–966, 2019