bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research in Consumer Preferences Selecting the Services of Wellness-Fitness Centres in Kaunas
Authors: Tamulienė Vilma 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Competition among wellness-fitness centre companies is quite high. Each company which provides services to sport, in order to effectively carry out its activities, must take into account not only the political, economic, social, cultural, technological environment to follow current and potential competitors and their actions, but also consumer needs and priorities in selecting services. In addition, wellness-fitness centre managers must know the key criteria of consumer choice, especially when preparing strategic marketing plans for future company activities. Hypothesis – the most important keys of consumers selecting fitness centres services are geographic location, the quality of services and price. Research aim was to determine consumer preferences in selecting fitness and wellness services at the largest health centres in Kaunas. Research methods. The methods of quantitative questionnaire survey and observation were used, as well as the comparison of the conducted research findings with Euro barometer (2009), “Rait” (2007), KTU representatives investigating the customers in “Impuls” sports and entertainment parks (2009), Lithuanian Union of Sports Federations (LSFS) in 2010.The questionnaire survey was conducted in March-April of 2011. A random probability sampling method was used with visitors (n = 170) from four largest wellness-fitness centres in Kaunas and the e-version of the questionnaire was uploaded into the social network profiles of wellness-fitness centres. The data were analysed and processed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 17.0 version).Research results. Results of the present research allow concluding that respondents’ opinions concerning the following service assessment of wellness-fitness centres in Kaunas were very scattered and very unequal (standard deviation of the motivator assessment >1). However, only one provided service coincided. It was the service of sauna and sauna area (standard deviation of the motivator assessment = 0.996 < 1). The research hypothesis was proved partially. Discussion and conclusions. Having executed the research it was determined that there were very versatile consumer priorities in selecting the service provided by wellness-fitness centres in Kaunas and it was impossible to distinguish predominant ones proving that wellness-fitness centres had to focus on the personalized service packages and modern information technologies for the customer relationship management.Keywords: consuming sports services, companies of sports services, package of services.
Optimization of Physical Fitness Development for Primary School Learners in Physical Education Lessons
Authors: Ilyasova Almagul , Erzhanov Zhanymmurat 
Published: May 2019

Background. Nowadays, an urgent social problem in sovereign Kazakhstan, which defines the strategy of social development of our society, is upbringing a new person developed spiritually, morally and physically. Physical fitness of primary school learners as a sphere of scientific-pedagogical knowledge in Kazakhstan Republic has not been fully researched. It conditioned the problem of our investigation – to substantiate theoretically and work out the methodology of optimization of physical fitness development for primary school learners in PE lessons. Theoretical analysis of scientific works suggests that physical fitness of primary school learners as a sphere of scientific-pedagogical knowledge has not been fully investigated. Despite the diversity of issues and theoretical as well as practical pedagogical research, it should be noted that the problem of physical fitness of primary school learners using sport games in PE lessons is still open for theoretical consideration and experimental research.Research aim was to define the most effective methodology of physical fitness of 8–9 year- old boys in PE lessons using elements of football in general education schools. Methods. All in all there were 102 boys. They were divided into 4 groups – 3 experimental groups and 1 control group. During the experiment, 75% of time for teaching technical actions of football was devoted for group E1 , for E2 – 50%, and for E3 – 25%; for physical fitness –25, 50 and 75% respectively. During the experiment, with the help of methods given above, we covered the following aspects: physical development, general physical fitness, special fitness.Results. Analyzing the increase in overall physical fitness for the whole period of the experiment, we observed a significant increase in all of the surveyed groups (p < .05–.001). All the tested groups were approximately of the same level. Conclusions. The study showed that the best option for physical training for primary school children in physical education classes in comprehensive schools was to have 75% of the total lesson time to the development of physical fitness and 25% of the lesson time – to technical training (program C). Physical education classes with elements of football contribute to more intense dynamics of indicators of general and special training of 8–9-year-old boys. Analysis of the studied parameters of fitness and technique of playing football has shown that methods of education and physical qualities of technical preparation, which was given to the third experimental group, contributed to the development of better skills in football.Keywords: physical education lessons, physical, technical fitness, football.
Peculiarities of Aerobic Capacity of Military Academy Students
Authors: Stasiulis Arvydas , Dubininkaitė Loreta , Endrijaitis Ronaldas , Krasauskas Arūnas 
Published: May 2019

The aim of the study was to evaluate the aerobic capacity of the first year students in the Lithuanian Military Academy.63 first year students (57 men and 6 women) agreed to participate in the study. They performed graded cycling exercisetest until voluntary exhaustion. The starting work load was set at 70 W and was increased every minute by 21 W.Pulmonary gas exchange was measured breath-by-breath using the portable telemetric system (Oxycon Mobile,Jaeger). The maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) was determined as the highest VO 2 within 20 s period obtained duringincreasing cycling test. Maximal cardiorespiratory values at this point were calculated as well. The VO 2 max in militaryacademy cadets was 52.9 (4.6) ml / kg -1 / min -1 (from 42.7 to 63.4). The aerobic capacity in most cadets may beconsidered as high and very high (80%), and only in one fifth of the subjects — as moderate, applying the normativescale for untrained persons.Keywords: maximal oxygen uptake, aerobic capacity, cycling ergometry.
Dviratininkų širdies susitraukimų dažnio priklausomybė nuo galios sukant veloergometrą skirtingu tempu
Authors: Stasiulis Arvydas , Volungevičius Gintautas 
Published: May 2019

Tyrimo tikslas — palyginti dviratininkų širdies susitraukimų dažnio (ŠSD) priklausomybę nuo galios sukant veloergometrą skirtingu tempu. 15 didelio meistriškumo dviratininkų vyrų (amžius — 23,0 (1,41) m., ūgis — 1,77 (0,04) m, svoris — 66,3 (7,1) kg) „Monark 834E“ (Švedija) veloergometru tris kartus atsitiktine tvarka atliko kas minutę didinamą krūvį. Pedalų sukimo tempas — 60, 80 arba 100 apsukų per minutę. ŠSD registruotas viso krūvio ir atsigavimo metu naudojant telemetrinį ŠSD matuoklį Polar S810i (Polar, Suomija). Buvo analizuojama vidutinių ŠSD reikšmių per paskutines 10 kiekvieno krūvio sekundžių priklausomybė nuo darbo galios, surandamas ŠSD nuokrypio taškas (ŠSD NT ) bei jį atitinkančios ŠSD ir darbo galios reikšmės. Nustatyta, kad ŠSD NT mažėjo atliekant didinamo krūvio testą didesniu tempu, tuo tarpu ŠSD reikšmės pasiekus šią galią buvo labai panašios ir nuo pedalų sukimo tempo nepriklausė. Didžiausias didinamo krūvio metu pasiektas galingumas nesiskyrė, o maksimalus ŠSD buvo mažiausias sukant pedalus 60 aps. / min tempu. ŠSD procentinis dydis (% nuo maksimalaus) pasiekus ŠSD NT taip pat buvo panašus ir siekė apie 86% maksimalaus. ŠSD dirbant submaksimaliu galingumu visada buvo mažiausias sukant pedalus 60 aps. / min tempu. Kaip rodo tiesinės regresijos koeﬁ cientai, ŠSD prieaugio tempai didėjant krūviui tiesinėje ŠSD ir galios priklausomumo dalyje nesiskyrė sukant pedalus skirtingu tempu.Taigi pedalų sukimo tempas neturi poveikio dviratininkų ŠSD reikšmėms ties ŠSD NT atliekant nuosekliai didinamą krūvį veloergometru, tačiau didėjant pedalų sukimo tempui didėja ir ŠSD reikšmės submaksimalaus ir net maksimalaus intensyvumo aerobinio krūvio metu, todėl galia ties ŠSD NT sumažėja. Tai gali būti susiję su miokardo funkcijos reguliavimo pokyčiais pasiekus pakankamai didelį susitraukimų dažnį.Raktažodžiai: širdies susitraukimų dažnis, širdies susitraukimų dažnio nuokrypio taškas, pedalų sukimo tempas, didinamo krūvio testas.
Arthroscopic Surgery and Rehabilitation Guidelines of Shoulder Injuries in the Young Overhead Athletes
Authors: Gudas Rimtautas , Šiupšinskas Laimonas , Mauricienė Vilma , Balčiūnas Mindaugas 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Overhead athletes are at higher risk to suffer from acute and chronic shoulder injuries.Research aim was to evaluate shoulder complex functional characteristics of the overhead and non-overhead young athletes before and two years after the concomitant arthroscopic type II superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) and partial – thickness rotator cuff (PTRC) repair and to present specific rehabilitation guidelines needed for successful return to sports.Research methods. The sample of the research included 38 male athletes: overhead (n = 19) and non-overhead (n = 19) athletes. All participants underwent concomitant arthroscopic type II SLAP and PTRC repair and were available for review at a minimum of two years after surgery. Shoulder range of motion was measured with goniometer. Constant score was used for the evaluation of the shoulder functional quality.Research results. Function of the shoulder complex had higher increase in non-overhead group (p < 0.05). Constant score two years after surgery did not return to optimal level. Shoulder flexion and internal rotation ROM in both groups and external rotation ROM of non-overhead athletes were the same as before surgery.Discussion and conclusions. Functional characteristics of shoulder complex measured with Constant score of overhead and non-overhead athletes statistically significantly increased two years after the arthroscopic surgery. Significant change of external rotation was established in overhead athletes: two years after surgery it was significantly smaller and did not return even to preoperative level. Sports specific and diagnose-based rehabilitation is needed to decrease deficit in function of the shoulder complex after concomitant arthroscopic type II SLAP and PTRC repair.Keywords: shoulder complex, SLAP, partial-thickness rotator cuff tears, sports physical therapy.
Comparative Analysis of Female Elite Biathletes’ Sports Results in World Cup Competitions before the World Championship and during the World Championship in the Season of 2010–2011
Authors: Kočergina Natalja , Čepulėnas Algirdas , Zuoza Aurelijus 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Modern training trend for biathletes is the increasing intensity of the training process in competition activities. Competition activities of elite biathletes while preparing for the main competition of the season have received little attention by researchers. Research hypotheses: The number of starts and sports results in the competitions before the main competition of the season for elite biathletes are related to sports results in the main competition of the season. Research aim was to analyse the interaction of biathletes’ sports results and the number of starts, and to establish the relation of this interaction between the results achieved in World Cup competitions and World Biathlon Championship.Research methods. The data have been retrieved from the documents of the International Biathlon Union (IBU): protocols of the World Biathlon Championship of 2011 and World Biathlon Cup competition. We analysed the sports results of female biathletes who took the 1 st –10 th places in the World Biathlon Championship in individual events. Research results. World elite biathletes participated in E.ON and IBU category competitions 16.2 ± 3.74 times before the World Biathlon Championship. The number of starts correlates with the places taken by biathletes in the general account of the World Biathlon Cup before the world championship (r = –0.83). In the individual races in the World Championship, all medals were won by eight skiers, and five of them were among the first ten skiers in the general standing of World Cup competitions before the world championship.Discussion and conclusion. The preparation of elite biathletes for the most important competition of the season – World Biathlon Championship is grounded on the repeated participation in the World Biathlon Cup competitions. Biathletes, taking the 1 st –10 th places in the general account of the World Biathlon Cup, are real applicants for medals in the World Biathlon Championship.Keywords: number of starts, taken places, correlation, sprint, pursuit, mass start, individual start.
Athletes’ Justification of Cheating in Sport: Relationship with Moral Disengagement in Sport and Personal Factors
Authors: Šukys Saulius 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. The research focus is on university athletes’ justification of cheating in sport. We hypothesised that moral disengagement would be more linked to more favourable evaluations of cheating in sports activities among athletes. Secondly it was hypothesised that justification of cheating in sport would be linked to gender and, accordingly, it would not be associated with experience in sport. Research aim was to reveal the dependence of the athletes’ assessment of cheating in their sports activities and moral disengagement in sport considering their personal factorsResearch methods. The sample included 338 (246 male and 92 female) athletes recruited from Lithuanian universities.The participants completed the Justification of Deception in Sport Scale (Sukys, Nickus, 2010) and the Moral Disengagement in Sport Scale-Short (MDSS-S; Boardley, Kavussanu, 2008).Research results. The regression analyses showed that gender of athletes was a significant predictor for justification of cheating in sport (β = 0.15, p < 0.01) as male student athletes more justified cheating in sport. Years of involvement in sport were not related with overall justification of cheating in sport. Moral disengagement in sport was a predictor for the overall justification of cheating in sport (β = 0.35, p < 0.001).Discussion and conclusions. Our study revealed the relationship between moral disengagement in sport and athletes’ justification of cheating in sport. Analysing different forms of cheating it was found that moral disengagement in sport was a stronger predictor for the justification of such deceptive actions that are linked to athletes’ manipulation of the rules of the sports and manipulation with the results of the sports contest. It was established that male student athletes more justified cheating in sport. Research results did not reveal relationship between overall justifications of cheating by years of involvement in sport. However, the analysis of the justification of different forms of cheating showed that students with less sports experience more justified deceptive actions linked to the manipulation with the results of the sports contest, and, on the contrary, less justified other forms of cheating in sport.Keywords: sport, justifcation of cheating in sport, moral disengagement in sport.
Changes in Physical Fitness among High Grade Schoolgirls
Authors: Smirnovienė Oksana , Sadzevičienė Rita , Maciulevičienė Edita 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. During the last five years Lithuanian long-term research related to the peculiarities of changes in physical fitness among 10-12 th -grade schoolgirls has not been found. Other research in Lithuania showed negative tendencies of physical fitness changes of Lithuanian schoolchildren and prevailing sedentary lifestyle.Research aim was to determine peculiarities of change results in physical fitness among Kaunas schoolgirls (10–12 th grades).Research methods. The present research included 10 th -grade schoolgirls (n = 244) of Kaunas city who were at school during the research and were able to perform the necessary Eurofit tests: 10 × 5 m Shuttle run, Standing Broad Jump, Sit ups in 30 seconds, 20 m endurance Shuttle run.Research results. Changes in results of Eurofit tests performed from 10 th grade autumn to 12 th grade spring were different. Results of girls (10–12 th -grade) in 10 × 5 m shuttle run test did not change (p > 0.05). Results of standing broad jump improved significantly in Grade 11 (p < 0.05). Results in 20 m endurance shuttle run test improved in Grade 12 (p < 0.05). Results in Sit ups in 30 seconds test improved in spring. Significant differences were found between 10 and 12 th -grade schoolgirls spring Sit ups in 30 seconds test results, and 10 and 11 th -grade autumn results.Discussion and conclusions. Comparison of physical fitness of 10 and 12 th -grade girls showed that it improved only in 20 m endurance shuttle run, in the 11 th grade explosive strength of schoolgirls significantly improved.Keywords: changes in physical fitness, Eurofit tests, physical characteristics.
Maximal Respiratory Pressures, their Association with Spirometric Parameters, Swimming Skills and Changes Due to Immersion in Water
Authors: Rumaka Maija , Upitis Imants , Grants Juris , Augškalne Liga Aberberga 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. We checked hypothesis that swimming skill improvement is more dependent on inspiratory muscle strength than endurance volume to be ventilated.Research aim was to determine associations between maximal static inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressures, swimming skills, parameters of forced spirometry. Research methods. Investigation involved 62 female students (age 22.13 ± 1.3 years, height 168.4 ± 6.6 cm, and weight 61.3 ± 7.0 kg) of the Latvian Academy of Sports Education. All of them were non-smokers. Swimming skills in four strokes were evaluated by a swimming coach. MIP and MEP were measured at the mouth level outside the swimming pool and repeated in the swimming pool while the subject was immersed up to the neck level. Forced spirometry was performed according ATS guidelines outside the water. Research results. Average value for MIP outside the water was 109 ± 30 cm H 2 0 and for MEP it was 147 ± 33 cm H 2 0. There was positive correlation between peak expiratory flow and MIP, MEP, and the rate of increase of both pressures (p < 0.05). Forced vital capacity was not related to maximal pressures. Faster rate of inspiratory pressure increase was positively related to forced inspiratory volume in one second (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease of MIP and the rate of increase of inspiratory pressure in the immersion state while no changes of expiratory parameters were observed. Discussion and conclusions. Swimming skill improvement is more dependent on inspiratory muscle strength than volume to be ventilated. Students with higher PEF have higher respiratory pressure parameters. Immersion in water decreases MIP, IMRPD and increases IMMRR. Changes of these parameters due to immersion are not related to swimming skills.Keywords: maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, swimming education, immersion in water.
Subjective Perception of the Realities of Modern Physical Education Classes Among Physical Education Teachers and Students in Higher Grades
Authors: Maciulevičienė Edita , Gedvilienė Jolanta 
Published: May 2019

Background. Intense changes in national education require new students’ teaching technologies in physical education. There are a number of studies, published books or articles on the topics of modern physical education classes and they provide guidance for teachers, but we believe that there is a lack of modernity in the reality of physical education, still focusing on sports lessons avoiding non-traditional content of the lessons. Research aim was to reveal the subjective opinions of physical education teachers and students in higher grades about the realities of modern physical education classes.Methods. The sample included physical education teachers (n = 33) and 10–11 th grade students (n = 324), who were selected applying the convenience sampling strategy from Kaunas city schools. The research employed a questionnaire by Pate, Corbin, and Pangrazi (1998), and some more questions of interest to the researchers were added. The survey was conducted in spring of 2012. The research participants were surveyed in their schools during the classes with the consent of physical education teachers and students and with the permission of school administration received in advance. Results. Students more often pointed out the lack of attention to individual work and its implementation, just one-fifth of the students indicated that lessons met their needs and physical education teachers sometimes met modern requirements, showing sincerity, respect, etc. The survey showed that physical education classes were still largely dominated by sports and movement skills, and only sometimes by the non-traditional or healthy lifestyle. Teachers more often than students highlighted the progress and initiative criteria. The most common means of discipline for students in physical education were a whistle and loud shouting.Conclusion. Physical Education teachers tend to subjectively better evaluate the contemporary realities of physical education classes compared to students. Teachers more often indicated that they applied independent work in their lessons, and thought that the lesson content met the needs of the students and led enough to unconventional physical activity and healthy lifestyle. Students more often pointed out that teachers never assessed them according to their progress in the development of their physical qualities and knowledge during lessons. In the opinions of teachers and students, physical fitness test results are still common evaluation criteria in the lessons.Keywords: lesson, physical education, modern, teachers.