bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injektion von Rissen und Hohlräumen in WU‐Beton
Authors: Graeve Holger 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWasserundurchlässigkeit macht Beton über seine Festigkeitseigenschaften, seine Formbarkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit hinaus zu einem Baustoff mit besonderer Funktionalität. Sein Einsatz für Bauwerke ohne zusätzliche wasserseitige Abdichtungsmaßnahmen erfordert besondere Sorgfalt in Planung und Ausführung. Letztlich müssen auch die Grenzen der Leistungsfähigkeit beachtet werden.Die Vermeidung oder Begrenzung zu erwartender Rissbildung durch konstruktive, betontechnologische und ausführungstechnische Maßnahmen wird von der Bauindustrie beherrscht. Dennoch bleiben Trennrisse unvermeidbar. Injektionstechnologien stellen den angestrebten Zustand der Wasserundurchlässigkeit wieder her.In der Baupraxis sind partiell notwendige Injektionen herstellungsbedingter Bestandteil der Stahlbetonbauweise, insbesondere an wasserundurchlässigen Betonkonstruktionen. Die erfolgreiche Anwendung von Injektionssystemen erfordert die Kenntnis betontechnischer Grundlagen auf der einen Seite, Kenntnisse zum Wassertransport in Beton und zur Injektionstechnologie auf der anderen Seite.Die Injizierbarkeit unvermeidbarer Risse wurde schon relativ früh untersucht [1]. Über den Wassertransport durch Beton wurden daraufhin zusätzliche Untersuchungsergebnisse vorgelegt [2]. Weitere Arbeiten widmeten sich der Selbstheilung von Trennrissen in Beton [3] und dem technischen Stand der Injektion von Rissen und Hohlräumen in Betonbauteilen [4]. Sie bieten die Grundlagen zur erfolgreichen Anwendung von wasserundurchlässigem Beton in Verbindung mit Injektionsmaßnahmen.
Conscious sedation for TAVR: A wave of the future?
Authors: Tan Christina , Dean Larry S. 
Published: February 2018

Key Points

As indications for TAVR continue to grow, experienced centers strive to adopt further minimally invasive techniques and continue to improve outcomes.
Meta‐analysis of the available data demonstrate that conscious sedation is associated with decreased ICU and hospitalization time, and is not associated with decreased procedural efficacy or safety.
Randomized Controlled clinical Trial data will be needed to confirm observational findings suggesting decreased mortality with conscious sedation versus general anesthesia.
Cardiac enzyme elevation after coronary revascularization
Authors: Plitt Anna , Dangas George 
Published: February 2018

Key Points

CK‐MB elevation post‐PCI correlates with procedural complications, diffuse atherosclerosis, and adverse long‐term prognosis.
Troponin elevation has an earlier pattern of rise than CK‐MB and can be used as a surrogate.
High sensitivity troponin can enable ruling out enzymatic elevation very early after PCI and facilitate discharge timing.
The promise of effective P2Y12 platelet receptor pretreatment: Not crushed yet
Authors: Chatterjee Arka , Hillegass William B. 
Published: February 2018

Key Points

Pre‐treatment with intact oral clopidogrel and prasugrel tablets in a representative observational study is not associated with altered ischemic or bleeding outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.
Limited by cost, cangrelor, a rapidly acting intravenous P2Y12 platelet receptor inhibitor, achieved meaningful reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and stent thrombosis (ST) compared to oral clopidogrel pretreatment.
Crushed prasugrel and ticagrelor (CP&T) administered orally achieve accepted thresholds of therapeutic platelet inhibition in one hour in approximately 2/3rds of patients compared to 1/3rd with intact oral tablets. A large, simple randomized trial should test whether CP&T pre‐treatment could capture some of the potential outcome benefit of rapid P2Y12 inhibition at no incremental risk and cost.
Increased mortality in octogenarians treated for lifestyle limiting claudication
Authors: Erben Young , Mena‐Hurtado Carlos I. , Miller Samuel M. , Jean Raymond A. , Sumpio Brandon J. , Velasquez Camilo A. , Mojibian Hamid , Aruny John , Dardik Alan , Sumpio Bauer E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveTreatment for lifestyle limiting claudication (LLC) that is due to infra‐inguinal peripheral artery disease relies on either bypass, angioplasty, and/or stenting. Given the enthusiasm and shift toward more endovascular therapy for treatment of LLC, we sought to analyze whether octogenarians benefit from infra‐inguinal interventions in the same manner as their younger counterparts.MethodsWe identified all patients admitted for elective treatment of LLC from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2003 to 2012, who received open surgical or endovascular intervention for infra‐inguinal peripheral arterial disease. These patients were divided into two groups including those between the ages 60–80 years (younger cohort) and those older than 80 years (octogenarians). Primary end‐points included morbidity and mortality and the secondary end‐points were length of hospital stay (LOS) and disposition after dismissal.ResultsAmong 59,323 discharges identified in the dataset, 34,658 (58%) were males. There were 50,323 (85%) patients in the younger cohort and 9,000 (15%) octogenarians. The mean age was 69.9 ± 5.7 years and 84.2 ± 3.0 years for the younger cohort and octogenarians, respectively. The mean Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was higher in our younger cohort (2.1 ± 1.1, P < 0.001). Octogenarians mainly treated with open surgery prior to 2004 are now treated endovascularly and this trend has remained stable. The younger cohort's treatment modality has fluctuated through the study period and most recently is treated mainly with open surgery. The rate of acute kidney injury, exacerbation of congestive heart failure and mortality was higher in octogenarians (P < 0.001). The rate of infectious wound complications was higher in the younger cohort (P < 0.05). Octogenarians have longer LOS and are dismissed in higher percentage to a skilled nursing facility (P < 0.001). On binary logistic regression analysis, age over 80 years, female sex, higher CCI and having an open as opposed to an endovascular procedure are independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionsAlthough endovascular techniques seem to dominate the care for octogenarians with LLC, the overall morbidity and mortality rates are significantly higher in this patient population. Other options such as medical management and/or supervised exercise therapy should be explored in this patient group.
Transcatheter pledget‐assisted suture tricuspid annuloplasty (PASTA) to create a double‐orifice valve
Authors: Khan Jaffar M. , Rogers Toby , Schenke William H. , Greenbaum Adam B. , Babaliaros Vasilis C. , Paone Gaetano , Ramasawmy Rajiv , Chen Marcus Y. , Herzka Daniel A. , Lederman Robert J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesPledget‐assisted suture tricuspid valve annuloplasty (PASTA) is a novel technique using marketed equipment to deliver percutaneous trans‐annular sutures to create a double‐orifice tricuspid valve.BackgroundTricuspid regurgitation is a malignant disease with high surgical mortality and no commercially available transcatheter solution in the US.MethodsTwo iterations of PASTA were tested using trans‐apical or trans‐jugular access in swine. Catheters directed paired coronary guidewires to septal and lateral targets on the tricuspid annulus under fluoroscopic and echocardiographic guidance. Guidewires were electrified to traverse the annular targets and exchanged for pledgeted sutures. The sutures were drawn together and knotted, apposing septal and lateral targets, creating a double orifice tricuspid valve.ResultsTwenty‐two pigs underwent PASTA. Annular and chamber dimensions were reduced (annular area, 10.1 ± 0.8 cm2 to 3.8 ± 1.5 cm2 (naïve) and 13.1 ± 1.5 cm2 to 6.2 ± 1.0 cm2 (diseased); septal‐lateral diameter, 3.9 ± 0.3 mm to 1.4 ± 0.6 mm (naïve) and 4.4 ± 0.4 mm to 1.7 ± 1.0 mm (diseased); and right ventricular end‐diastolic volume, 94 ± 13 ml to 85 ± 14 ml (naïve) and 157 ± 25 ml to 143 ± 20 ml (diseased)). MRI derived tricuspid regurgitation fraction fell from 32 ± 12% to 4 ± 5%. Results were sustained at 30 days. Pledget pull‐through force was five‐fold higher (40.6 ± 11.7N vs 8.0 ± 2.6N, P < .01) using this strategy compared to single puncture techniques used to anchor current investigational devices. Serious complications were related to apical access.ConclusionsPASTA reduces annular dimensions and tricuspid regurgitation in pigs. It may be cautiously applied to selected patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation and no options. This is the first transcatheter procedure, to our knowledge, to deliver standard pledgeted sutures to repair cardiac pathology.
Understanding the Cyclic (In)stability and the Effects of Presence of a Stable Conducting Network on the Electrochemical Performances of Na2Ti3O7
Authors: Bhardwaj Hem Shruti , Ramireddy Thrinathreddy , Pradeep Anagha , Jangid Manoj K. , Srihari Velaga , Poswal Himanshu K. , Mukhopadhyay Amartya 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDespite being a promising anode material for the Na‐ion battery system, Na‐titanate (viz., Na2Ti3O7) lacks in terms of cyclic stability; the cause(s) for which are under debate. Against this backdrop, through electrochemical measurements and in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction studies, the present work develops insights into the aspects concerning electrochemical reversibility of the fully sodiated phase (i.e., Na4Ti3O7), possible occurrence of irreversible reactions in Na‐ion cells, influences of the same towards cyclic instability, and a strategy towards alleviating this problem. The in situ studies rule out (in)stability/(ir)reversibility of Na4Ti3O7 as being a major cause for the capacity fade; rather they indicate the formation of ‘impurity’ phase(s) due to reaction with the electrolyte. Incorporation of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs; uniformly ‘wrapping’ the rod‐shaped Na2Ti3O7 particles) significantly improved the cyclic stability (ca. 78 % reversible capacity retention after 50 cycles, as compared to ca. 6 % without MWCNTs) and rate capability (with nearly flat potential plateaus at 5C). The same suppressed the increase in charge‐transfer resistance upon cycling by an order of magnitude and also changed the sodiation reaction from being primarily surface to diffusion controlled. Correlation of the results/analysis indicate that, in the absence of a stable conducting network, loss in electrical connectivity owing to the formation of insulating/passivating (surface) phase(s) is the major cause for capacity fade of Na2Ti3O7.
AN ABSOLUTE PLATE MOTION MODEL BASED ON HOTSPOT REFERENCE FRAME
Authors: Qiong ZHANG , Shi‐Min WANG , Yong‐Hong ZHAO 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBased on the new generation model of relative plate motions, the MOVEL model, an absolute plate motion model is built by least squares inversion of the observed hotspot trend data. A systematic test for the consistency between the MOVEL model and all the available hotspot data adopted by previous studies of absolute plate motion models shows there are outliers in the data set. Accordingly, two new methods to reject outliers, such as, step‐wise rejection and global search rejection, are proposed. Combined with the chi‐square test for the total residual and the normal test for the residual frequency distribution, the best model is selected step by step. A T87 model is eventually obtained. This model provides reasonable fitting to 87 globally distributed hotspot trends, but the predicted plate velocities are systematically lower than the observed rates of volcanic migration along hotspot tracks with the deviation up to 4 cm·a−1. Such a deviation may be explained as a consequence of systematic errors possibly associated with the observed hotspot rate data, or due to relative motions between hotspots caused by mantle return flow. For either case, however, this study's results demonstrate that the hotspot trend data are capable of defining a global hotspot reference frame independently and effectively, which could be conveniently applied to studies on absolute plate motion, mantle convection and true polar wander.
NEAR‐FIELD SEISMIC LOCALIZATION USING DELTA T MAPPING
Authors: Peng‐Cheng SHI , Yuan WANG , Qing‐Yu YOU 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNear‐field seismic localization has important significance and wide applications in the real world, for instance, locating explosions or tracking traffic movements. The traditional methods designed for far‐field scenarios are limited here due to the unknown velocity structures and high accuracy demands. This paper, for the first time, applied the Delta T Mapping (DTM) technique from acoustic emission detection in near‐field seismic localization. DTM first needs to construct a mapping of the difference of first arrivals on which the following locating is based. There are two approaches for establishing such model: (1) grid search method: using linear scattered point interpolation to obtain new DTM of higher resolution; (2) statistical locating method: using Gaussian Process Regression to build the mapping from Delta T to positions. The experiment was conducted in an area of 140 m×90 m in the suburb of Beijing. The locating error was 0.5∼5.1 m. The results showed that DTM is reliable, highly accurate and suitable for real‐time use for near‐field seismic localization. The cost of learning DTM and analyzing data could be further decreased while obtaining highly accurate DTM by switching the sources and receivers. Furthermore, combining source‐scan algorithm has certain potential to locate multi‐sources.
HIGH RESOLUTION VELOCITY STRUCTURE OF THE NORTH CHINA CRATON BASEMENT BY BLASTING SEISMIC WAVE—RESULTS FROM DAFENG–BAOTOU REFRACTION PROFILE
Authors: Jin‐Ren ZHAO , Bao‐Jin LIU , Yong‐Hong DUAN , Su‐Zhen PAN , Zhen‐Yu FAN , Ce‐Jun MA , Xiao‐Guo DENG , Yan HAI , Shuai‐Jun WANG , Ming‐Xin QU 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDue to the high density of observation points and shots, we obtained the 21‐shot seismic data with high signal‐to‐noise ratio along the 1334 km long Dafeng‐Baotou profile. On the basis of the analysis of the Pg wave phase characteristics, we processed the data by the inversion method and constructed the fine structure of the basement, revealing the discrepancy of basement structure in different tectonic blocks. The basement depth of Northern Jiangsu basin is 4.5∼9.0 km and that of Jiangsu‐Shandong uplift is 1.5∼2.0 km. Strong fluctuations of the burial depth and velocity structure may be considered as the seismologic manifestation of the collision and extrusion between North China and the Yangtze plate. The basement of Western Shandong uplift area shows the feature of shallow burial depth, high speed and stable structure, while the Pg wave characteristics in the North China basin are lagged travel time, low apparent velocity, basement depth from 7.0 km to 10.0 km, and the local fluctuations in the velocity structure and basement interface. Lots of phenomena above reveal that this area is a large‐scale basement depression zone with thick Cenozoic sediment. Moreover, in different tectonic units of the basin, the tectonic pattern of local basement patch and coexistence of depression and uplift shows obvious tectonic characteristics, such as remarkable Cenozoic sedimentary activities, significant velocity and thickness changes and the unstable structure. Taihang mountain piedmont fault and Liaolan fault are significant seismologic features. On both sides of these two faults, the velocity structure shows intensive lateral heterogeneity, and the basement interfaces collapse as cliff. This study reveals that the Taihang mountain piedmont fault is an important tectonic zone in North China. Its complexity is not only reflected in different landforms and strata on its two sides, but also reflected in the significant differences among the basement depth, velocity structure, the crust and even the mantle lithospheric structures. To the east of Taihang mountain, the important symbol is large scale crustal and lithospheric thinning, which result in the obvious differences and strong lateral heterogeneity of the basement structure, the crust and even the lithosphere structures between the western and eastern North China Craton destruction
RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF IMPROVED HIGH PRECISION MATCHING PURSUIT METHOD
Authors: Wu‐Yang YANG , Qing YANG , Xin HE , Gao‐Han YAN , Xin‐Jian WEI , De‐Wu CHEN , Dong Li 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBased on conventional matching pursuit (MP) algorithm, an improved approach of MP is presented in this paper. By introducing a new strategy of building complete library, the Ricker wavelet was taken as atoms and the maximum correlation of original seismic data was used to estimate the location and atomic energy of complete library. The decomposition precision was increased further through the method so that the adaptability of the algorithm was greatly improved. To avoid the atomic spacing being too small, the smallest atomic spacing was introduced, so the decomposition efficiency and quality were further improved. Model trial and application of practical data showed that not only the quality of the signal sparse representation through the algorithm was improved and the convergence speed was accelerated, but also the adaptability and decomposition precision of the algorithm were enhanced. Effective seismic information can be obtained better and the precision of seismic interpretation can be improved by the method.
Protonation of a Spherical Macrotricyclic Tetramine: Water Inclusion, Allosteric Effect, and Cooperativity
Authors: Graf Ernest , Harrowfield Jack , Kintzinger Jean‐Pierre , Lehn Jean‐Marie , Le Moigne Jacques , Rissanen Kari 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe spherical macrotricyclic cryptand tetramine “C24” (1) displays remarkable protonation behaviour. It undergoes protonation in four successive steps for which pKa values of 11.17±0.05, 10.28±0.04, 6.00±0.06 and 3.08±0.08 have been determined at 298 K. The unusually close values for the first two protonations provide evidence for the encapsulation of a water molecule serving as effector for the second protonation, which is consistent with earlier observations that the exchange of protons bound in the diprotonated species with solvent protons is unusually slow and that 17O NMR spectra show the presence of an oxygen centre in the same species quite distinct from that of solvent water. Encapsulation of water is also observed in the solid state in the picrate salt of the triprotonated form of 1 and has been characterised by means of X‐ray structural determination.
Novel aspects of live intestinal epithelial cell function revealed using a custom time‐lapse video microscopy apparatus
Authors: Papetti Michael , Kozlowski Piotr 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMany aspects of cell physiology, including migration, membrane function, and cell division, are best understood by observing live cell dynamics over time using video microscopy. To probe these phenomena in colon epithelial cells using simple components with a limited budget, we have constructed an inexpensive (<$410) self‐contained apparatus, consisting of a closed‐loop, feedback‐controlled system regulated by a PID (proportional‐integrative‐derivative) controller contained within a 0.077 m3 insulated acrylic box. Temperature, humidity, pH, and proliferative capacity of colon epithelial cells in this system mimic those in a standard tissue culture incubator for over four days. Our system offers significant advantages over existing cost‐prohibitive commercially available and custom‐made devices because of its very low cost, use of PID temperature control, lack of reliance on constant infusion of external humidified, heated air or carbon dioxide, ability to directly measure cell culture medium temperature, and combination of exquisite cellular detail with minimal focus drift under physiological conditions for extended periods of time. Using this apparatus, coupled with an inverted microscope equipped with phase contrast optics and a programmable digital camera, we have observed many events in colon epithelial cells not visible by static imaging, including kinetics of normal and abnormal mitoses, dynamic membrane structures, intracellular vesicle movements, and cell migration. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Monte Carlo–based channel estimation and performance evaluation for UWOC links under geometric losses
Authors: Qadar Rabia , Kasi Mumraiz K. , Ayub Sara , Kakar Faisal A. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryUnderwater wireless optical communication has been studied and proposed as a potential technology for various underwater applications including monitoring and surveillance using wireless sensor networks. In this context, we present a statistical model using an exhaustive Monte Carlo approach for an underwater wireless optical communication link between sensor nodes in a data mulling environment. This work provides insights into the science of photon transport underwater, its utilization in a communication system, evaluation, and optimization of underwater communication. We characterize the temporal channel behavior taking into account multiple scattering of photons involving the constraints of detector aperture diameter, field‐of‐view (FOV), and link distance for an aligned point‐to‐point link. We analyze the designed model in terms of total received power and bit error rate for clear ocean waters. Our simulation results show that the detector aperture and FOV has an impact towards a successful communication in the distance from 5 to 20 m. In addition, results show that the FOV is an affecting factor only in the presence of larger aperture sizes of the detector.
Phylogeography and taxonomic status of trout and salmon from the Ponto‐Caspian drainages, with inferences on European Brown Trout evolution and taxonomy
Authors: Ninua Levan , Tarkhnishvili David , Gvazava Elguja 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCurrent taxonomy of western Eurasian trout leaves a number of questions open; it is not clear to what extent some species are distinct genetically and morphologically. The purpose of this paper was to explore phylogeography and species boundaries in freshwater and anadromous trout from the drainages of the Black and the Caspian Seas (Ponto‐Caspian). We studied morphology and mitochondrial phylogeny, combining samples from the western Caucasus within the potential range of five nominal species of trout that are thought to inhabit this region, and using the sequences available from GenBank. Our results suggest that the genetic diversity of trout in the Ponto‐Caspian region is best explained with the fragmentation of catchments. (1) All trout species from Ponto‐Caspian belong to the same mitochondrial clade, separated from the other trout since the Pleistocene; (2) the southeastern Black Sea area is the most likely place of diversification of this clade, which is closely related to the clades from Anatolia; (3) The species from the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea drainages are monophyletic; (4) except for the basal lineage of the Ponto‐Caspian clade,Salmo rizeensis, all the lineages produce anadromous forms; (5) genetic diversification within the Ponto‐Caspian clade is related to Pleistocene glacial waves; (6) the described morphological differences between the species are not fully diagnostic, and some earlier described differences depend on body size; the differences between freshwater and marine forms exceed those between the different lineages. We suggest a conservative taxonomic approach, using the namesS. rizeensisandSalmo labraxfor trout from the Black Sea basin andSalmo caspiusandSalmo ciscaucasicusfor the fish from the Caspian basin.