bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of long-term heat treatment of kraft black liquor on lignin precipitation and material properties
Authors: Pichler Thomas , Maitz Silvia , Kienberger Marlene 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the present study, the influence of long-term heat treatment of black liquor with focus on a subsequent lignin precipitation process was investigated. The well-known CO2 approach to precipitate a certain amount of lignin from heat-treated black liquor was studied within defined thermal conditions. Several important characteristics of lignin such as molar mass and functional groups were analysed. Viscosity and buffer capacity of black liquor were also studied. Results showed a reduction in lignin yield as a result of a decrease in molar mass and lignin demethylation after the heat treatment. The acid consumption during precipitation was found to be higher after the heat treatment.
Picture or non-picture? The influence of narrative task types on lower- and higher-proficiency EFL learners’ oral production
Authors: Qiu Xuyan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPicture-based storytelling tasks, i. e. telling a story relying on some pictures, and short speech tasks, i. e. producing a speech with a given topic without pictures, are two types of oral narrative tasks widely adopted in previous studies. However, few have discussed what effects these two types of tasks may exert on second language learners’ speaking performance. In this study, sixty English as a foreign language learners, divided into lower- and higher-proficiency groups, performed a picture-based storytelling task and a short speech task. Stimulated recalls were collected from seventeen participants. Their oral discourses were analysed in terms of complexity, accuracy, and fluency. Stimulated recalls were analysed based on Levelt’s speaking model. The short speech tasks raised participants’ accuracy and lexical complexity and were more effective for higher-proficient learners regarding structural complexity. The findings yield suggestions for designing oral narrative tasks for EFL learners with different L2 proficiency levels.
Grammatical aspect and world knowledge in second language reading
Authors: Kang Hyun-Sook , Kim Nayoung , Christianson Kiel 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
During normal reading, readers’ perceptions of time in a narrative shift according to grammatical and semantic cues. This study investigated the extent to which second-language (L2) readers’ interpretations of situations depicted in narratives are influenced by the grammatical aspect (perfective/progressive) and temporal duration (short/long) of intervening events. The study further examined whether reading fluency and L2 proficiency modulated how readers’ mentally constructed the depicted situations. Thirty-one L2 learners of English and 37 English-first-language (L1) controls completed a reading comprehension task in which each of 40 stories contained a target event with an inherent endpoint, with accomplishment verbs that were described as completed or in progress, followed by a short- or long-duration event. A reading-fluency task and a cloze test were administered. While grammatical marking played a significant role for both groups of participants, grammatical aspect and event duration showed an interaction only for L2 learners. The construction of a situation was modulated for both groups by reading fluency.
Random bases for coprime linear groups
Authors: Duyan Hülya , Halasi Zoltán , Podoski Károly 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe minimal base sizeb⁢(G){b(G)}for a permutation groupGis a widely studied topic in permutation group theory. Z. Halasi and K. Podoski [Every coprime linear group admits a base of size two, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 368 2016, 8, 5857–5887] proved thatb⁢(G)≤2{b(G)\leq 2}for coprime linear groups. Motivated by this result and the probabilistic method used by T. Burness, M. W. Liebeck and A. Shalev, it was asked by L. Pyber [Personal communication, Bielefeld, 2017] whether or not, for coprime linear groupsG≤G⁢L⁢(V){G\leq GL(V)}, there exists a constantcsuch that the probability that a randomc-tuple is a base forGtends to 1 as|V|→∞{\lvert V\rvert\to\infty}. While the answer to this question is negative in general, it is positive under the additional assumption thatGis primitive as a linear group. In this paper, we show that almost all 11-tuples are bases for coprime primitive linear groups.
Triglyceride/glucose index is a reliable alternative marker for insulin resistance in South American overweight and obese children and adolescents
Authors: Locateli João Carlos , Lopes Wendell Arthur , Simões Caroline Ferraz , de Oliveira Gustavo Henrique , Oltramari Karine , Bim Ricardo Henrique , de Souza Mendes Victor Hugo , Remor Jane Maria , Lopera Carlos Andrés , Nardo Junior Nelson 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between the triglyceride/glucose index (TyG index) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Additionally, we compared the ability of the TyG index and triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) index and the combination of these two indices (TyG index plus TG/HDL-c) to predict insulin resistance (IR) in South American overweight and obese children and adolescents.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out in 345 overweight adolescents aged 10–18 years, from both the sexes. The TyG index was calculated as Ln (fasting triglycerides [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL])/2, while the TG/HDL-c index was calculated by the division of TG (mg/dL) by HDL-c (mg/dL). HOMA-IR was calculated with the formula: fasting insulin (FI) (U/mL) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)/22.5. The cut-off point used to determine the presence of IR was HOMA-IR ≥ 3.16.

Results
The TyG index showed a positive correlation with HOMA-IR. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the TyG index was 0.74, indicating good sensitivity (75.7%) and specificity (67.4%). Furthermore, the TyG index cut-off point of >4.44 was established for IR prediction in this population.

Conclusions
The TyG index is a simple and cost-effective surrogate marker of IR in South American overweight children and adolescents. Moreover, due to its good accessibility, it can be used in large epidemiological studies.
The effect of GnRH analogue treatment on bone mineral density in young adolescents with gender dysphoria: findings from a large national cohort
Authors: Joseph Tobin , Ting Joanna , Butler Gary 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
More young people with gender dysphoria (GD) are undergoing hormonal intervention starting with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) treatment. The impact on bone density is not known, with guidelines mentioning that bone mineral density (BMD) should be monitored without suggesting when. This study aimed to examine a cohort of adolescents from a single centre to investigate whether there were any clinically significant changes in BMD and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) whilst on GnRHa therapy.

Methods
A retrospective review of 70 subjects aged 12–14 years, referred to a national centre for the management of GD (2011–2016) who had yearly dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. BMAD scores were calculated from available data. Two analyses were performed, a complete longitudinal analysis (n=31) where patients had scans over a 2-year treatment period, and a larger cohort over the first treatment year (n=70) to extend the observation of rapid changes in lumbar spine BMD when puberty is blocked.

Results
At baseline transboys had lower BMD measures than transgirls. Although there was a significant fall in hip and lumbar spine BMD and lumbar spine BMAD Z-scores, there was no significant change in the absolute values of hip or spine BMD or lumbar spine BMAD after 1 year on GnRHa and a lower fall in BMD/BMAD Z-scores in the longitudinal group in the second year.

Conclusions
We suggest that reference ranges may need to be re-defined for this select patient cohort. Long-term BMD recovery studies on sex hormone treatment are needed.
Acquired von Willebrand’s syndrome caused by primary hypothyroidism in a 5-year-old girl
Authors: Flot Claire , Oliver Isabelle , Caron Philippe , Savagner Frédérique , Tauber Maithé , Claeyssens Ségolène , Edouard Thomas 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Acquired von Willebrand’s syndrome (aVWS) associated with hypothyroidism is rare in children and more often diagnosed during the peripubertal period in the context of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Case presentation
A 5-year-old girl was referred to the paediatric haematology unit for rectal bleeding, anaemia and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Her developmental and learning skills were normal. The physical examination revealed severe short stature (height SDS: −3.6) with overweight (body mass index SDS: 1.8) and clinical sign of hypothyroidism. Laboratory investigation revealed aVWS type 1 associated with severe primary hypothyroidism. Anti-thyroid antibodies were negative and thyroid ultrasound found thyroid hypoplasia in favour of congenital hypothyroidism. Restoration of euthyroidism was associated with increased growth velocity and normalisation of coagulation parameters.

Conclusion
This report highlights the importance of excluding an underlying pathology (including hypothyroidism) in children with suspected VWS, even in young age.
A novel DCAF17 homozygous mutation in a girl with Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome and review of the current literature
Authors: Kurnaz Erdal , Türkyılmaz Ayberk , Yaralı Oğuzhan , Demir Berrin , Çayır Atilla 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome (WSS) (OMIM#241080) is an extremely rare multisystemic disease. Alopecia, hypogonadism, loss of hearing, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus (DM) and neurological disorders are the components of this syndrome. The syndrome is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in DCAF17, and has recently been implicated in the development of both male and female gonads, thus resulting in hypogonadism.

Case report
A 16-year-old girl with consanguineous parents was admitted to our hospital with absence of breast development and amenorrhea. Hypogonadism was detected, in the form of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Whole-exome sequencing was used to identify the genetic etiology underlying the hypogonadism. A novel homozygous variant c.1091 + 1G > A was detected in DCAF17. Both parents were sequenced and identified as heterozygous for the same mutation.

Conclusions
We report a novel mutation detected in the DCAF17 gene and discuss the clinical findings in patients with previously reported mutations. Various manifestations of WSS, such as alopecia, endocrinological and neurological disorders, do not emerge until later in life, and therefore this situation can be challenging to diagnose particularly in pediatric cases, as in the present report. Careful attention should be paid to these additional findings, which may lead to early diagnosis and reduced genetic analysis costs, in patients with hypogonadism. In addition, there was no obvious genetic-phenotype correlation in reported cases.
Ghrelin and leptin levels in children with anxiety disorders
Authors: Ozmen Sevgi , Şeker Asilay , Demirci Esra 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Anxiety disorders are common psychiatric disorders in childhood and an important health problem that is associated with the risk of serious mental, educational and economical problems. Researchers have mentioned many different mechanisms in the etiopathology of anxiety disorders. This study aimed to investigate ghrelin and leptin levels in children with anxiety disorders and thus to contribute to the clarification of anxiety in children.

Methods
Forty-three children aged 6–12 years with a diagnosis of the Anxiety Disorder according to DSM 5 and 21 healthy children age- and gender-matched to the study group were included. All the subjects were assessed with Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-C) scale. Blood samples were obtained in the morning and serum ghrelin and leptin levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.

Results
In the anxiety group the ghrelin levels were higher than the control group (p = 0.037) but there was no significant difference between the leptin levels (p = 0.430). Also, when the girls in the anxiety group and the girls in the control group were compared, ghrelin levels were higher in the anxiety group (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that ghrelin may play a significant role in the etiologic mechanisms of anxiety disorders. However, more detailed studies are needed to explain the linkage between anxiety disorders and neuropeptides.
Infantile cerebral infarction caused by severe diabetic ketoacidosis in new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Suzuki Junichi , Fuchigami Tatsuo , Kawamura Kengo , Aoki Masako , Urakami Tatsuhiko , Morioka Ichiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Infants and children with new-onset T1DM may present with DKA, and the risk of cerebral edema is high in infantile DKA.What is new?Neurological deterioration during an episode of DKA is usually attributed to cerebral edema and cerebrovascular accidents. However, cerebral infarction is a very rare complication in infantile DKA.Case presentationWe describe a rare case of infantile cerebral infarction caused by severe DKA in a patient with new-onset T1DM.ConclusionsCerebral infarction is an important intracranial complication in infantile DKA. Careful observation and treatment for DKA during the first 24 h of therapy are necessary in infants with new-onset T1DM because the risk of cerebral infarction is highest during this timeframe.
Measurement and Prediction of Temperature Increase during Isothermal Forging of Titanium–6 Aluminum–4 Vanadium
Authors: Kitashima T. , Matsumoto R. , Yoshida Y. , Matsumoto H. , Nishihara T. , Kuroda S. , Motohashi N. , Hagiwara M. , Emura S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Titanium–6 aluminum–4 vanadium is isothermally forged at 1,023–1,223 K (750°C–950°C) at 0.05, 0.1, and 1.0/s using a 1,500-ton forging press simulator. The temperature increase of a workpiece (100 mm in diameter, 50 mm in height) during forging is measured by inserting thermocouples into the workpiece, and this increase is predicted using finite element analysis (FEA). The physical properties necessary for the FEA are determined using the same material as the forged one in order to improve the prediction accuracy. The true stress–true strain curves and heat transfer coefficient between the workpiece and dies are inversely obtained. The temperature change predicted by FEA using those parameters and curves agreed well with the experimental results. In the FEA, the inelastic heat fraction, which is a conversion factor for plastic deformation energy to heat energy, did not depend on the strain rate, but it remained the same at strain rates of 0.05–1.0/s. This result suggests that the large heat capacity of the workpiece in this study suppressed the effect of heat transfer between the workpiece and dies/air on the temperature of the workpiece. It is also shown that the prediction accuracy of the workpiece’s temperature could be degraded unless the appropriate specific heat value is used, especially near the β transus temperature, which can be affected by the composition of light elements.
Development of Applications of Infrared Heating in Ferritic Salt Bath Nitrocarburizing Process
Authors: Sharma Jagdeep , Sidhu Balwinder Singh , Gupta Rajesh 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A rapid salt bath nitrocarburizing process technology is primarily developed by providing infrared heating instead of conventional induction heating. Two thermochemical techniques, conventional salt bath nitrocarburizing with induction heating and salt bath nitrocarburizing with infrared heating, were done on AISI 1018 low-carbon steel. The results showed that infrared heating could significantly enhance the nitrocarburizing efficiency and shorten the holding time comparing with the conventional nitrocarburizing process. Nitrocarburizing time has been shortened from 120 min to 90 min in infrared heating technique, and a more intense carbon-enriched compound layer is observed in field emission scanning electron microscope micrographs when compared to the conventional nitrocarburizing process. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis reveals higher weight % (1.18 %) and atomic % (2.85 %) of nitrogen in infrared-heated nitrocarburizing process specimens as compared to weight % (0.96 %) and atomic % (1.92 %) in conventional nitrocarburizing specimens. A line scan mapping of compound layer and diffusion zone was done to find out the elemental intensities and results favored by infrared heating specimens. Furthermore, an increase in microhardness was observed because of the thick and compact compound layer in infrared heating. Also, more profound diffusion zone was observed as compared to the conventional nitrocarburizing process. Further, surface roughness values have been found to be very high because of the highly porous surfaces created by the postoxidation process, and this could also be attributed to higher radiant energies from infrared heating.
The Effect of Storage Duration on Fruit Juices Made With or Without the Addition of Yeast Towards Its Alcohol Content
Authors: Roswiem Anna Priangani , Septiani Triayu , Yuliwulandari Rika 
Published: August 2019

Fruit juice is a healthy beverage. However, we must be careful in handling or consuming such juice, especially in relation to its storage time. The Prophet of Muhammed PBUH in his hadith prohibits to drink fruit juices that have been stored for more than 3 days, as its legal status changes from Halal into Haram.In accordance with the development of science and technology, many methods could be used to measure alcohol content in a sample; such as Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy method (GC-MS). Therefore the objective of this research was to analyze the alcohol content of various fruit juices made with or without the addition of yeast and being stored within 1, 2, and 3 days using GC-MS, as well as its relation to the hadith Matn of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH regarding its law. Results showed that alcohol (ethanol) content of various fruit juices : red grapes, green grapes, dates, pomegranate and durian, made without the addition of yeast which stored for 3 days, in consecutive order were 0.524; 0.144; 0.214; 0.143 and 0.314% v/v. While alcohol (ethanol) content of various fruit juices : red grapes, green grapes, dates, pomegranate and durian, made with the addition of 10 g/L yeast were and stored for 3 days were 0.618; 0.921; 0.901; 0.575 and 1.202% v/v constitutively. Alcohol content of red grapes fruit juices of 0.524% v/v was the highest alcohol content (in juices) which is still Halal to be consumed.
Caso de estudio sobre la Innovación Social en 4 ciudades del país: Bogotá, Buenaventura, Cali y Cartagena
Authors: Chaparro-Guevara Rosa Alexandra , Méndez-Ortíz Edwin Leonardo 
Published: August 2019

Introducción: El presente artículo evidencia un trabajo realizado en 4 ciudades del país con uno de los premios de mayor trayectoria en el ámbito social colombiano: “Premio Cívico” de la Fundación Corona. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio mixto con enfoque descriptivo, hallando como resultado seis variables independientes que explican el comportamiento de la innovación: experiencia, número de integrantes de la organización, participación de la comunidad en la iniciativa, si las iniciativas han sido finalistas del premio en otras ocasiones, monto de financiación utilizado y si la iniciativa posee personería jurídica. Resultados: Con relación a la fase cualitativa se hallaron seis elementos significativos dentro de la misión de las organizaciones relacionadas con proyectos de innovación social: mejora de la calidad de vida de los participantes y la comunidad, construcción de paz, promoción de la cultura, espacios de participación, aprovechamiento del tiempo libre y fortalecimiento del tejido social. Conclusiones: Este caso de estudio permite identificar, a la luz de la innovación social, las principales características de organizaciones de base del ámbito de la acción social, en las ciudades de Bogotá, Buenaventura, Cali y Cartagena.
Análisis de la expresión narrativa y pictórica de futuros docentes
Authors: Jurado Jiménez María Dolores , Salvador Robles María Cristina 
Published: August 2019

Las creencias e ideas implícitas sobre la educación influyen en la práctica educativa del profesorado (Pontes Pedrajas, Poyato López y Oliva Martínez, 2017: 57). Por tanto, es esencial analizar desde una perspectiva psico-socio-educativa la percepción que, sobre la educación, tienen los futuros profesionales de la educación. El objetivo principal de este trabajo, es analizar (relatos escritos y expresiones pictóricas) cuáles son algunas de las creencias sobre la educación, que tienen los futuros maestros y maestras de educación infantil, al iniciar su formación. Este estudio parte de una metodología de investigación cualitativa, donde se tomaron como ejes del análisis, los relatos escritos y las representaciones pictóricas realizadas por alumnado universitario sobre su etapa educativa de educación infantil. La información fue registrada a lo largo de este curso académico 2018/2019, en el que participaron 78 estudiantes de la Universidad de Sevilla.Este trabajo analiza de forma exploratoria y descriptiva los contenidos narrativos y las representaciones pictóricas que expone este alumnado. Tomando como ejes fundamentales los siguientes:1. Concepto de educación y valores psico-socio-educativos que se realzan como importantes en la etapa de educación infantil.2. Actividades de educación infantil que se resaltan de forma escrita a partir de las experiencias educativas propias de cada alumna o alumno.3. Aspectos psico-socio-educativos de dibujos y representaciones de educación infantil.En los resultados se avanzan ideas que pueden ser de utilidad para explorarlas con docentes en formación, sobre la relación de las propias experiencias educativas y las proyecciones de los procesos educativos para el ejercicio de la actividad docente. Y en la discusión, se expone la importan- cia de poder hacer este trabajo de análisis narrativo y pictórico desde una perspectiva transdisciplinar.