bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChatGPT-driven machine learning code generation for android malware detection
Authors: Nelson Jordan , Pavlidis Michalis , Fish Andrew , Kapetanakis Stelios , Polatidis Nikolaos 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAndroid is a widely used operating system, primarily found on mobile phones and tablets. Applications (commonly known as “apps”) for android can be easily installed from Google Play, third-party stores, or manually using android package kit (APK) files. Due to its growing popularity, android has attracted significant attention from malicious actors deploying various forms of malware. To address this challenge, artificial intelligence-based approaches are increasingly used to protect systems from cyber-attacks. This research paper focuses on the application of ChatGPT, a powerful large language model, in cybersecurity, specifically for malware detection. It evaluates ChatGPT’s potential as an innovative tool in fighting cyber threats, exploring the process of fine-tuning ChatGPT, its performance and its limitations in malware detection tasks. The objective is to reduce the effort and time required to generate artificial intelligence-based malware detection systems, simplifying their development process. This research shows how ChatGPT can be utilized to generate code for detecting malware in structured datasets with high accuracy. The focus is not on introducing any new algorithms but on allow individuals without programming expertise to create and apply these models effectively.
Multicentre frozen elephant trunk technique experience as redo surgery to treat residual type A aortic dissections following ascending aortic replacement
Authors: Kreibich Maximilian , Pitts Leonard , Kempfert Jörg , Yildiz Murat , Schönhoff Florian , Gaisendrees Christopher , Luehr Maximilian , Berger Tim , Demal Till , Jahn Joshua , Kremer Jamila , Dumfarth Julia , Grimm Michael , Pfeiffer Philipp , Dohle Daniel Sebastian , Dietze Zara , Leontyev Sergey , Voetsch Andreas , Krombholz-Reindl Philipp , Nagel Felix , Finster Andrea , Czerny Martin , Detter Christian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The goal of this project was to assess the efficacy of a reoperative frozen elephant trunk (FET) operation for treating residual type A aortic dissections.

METHODS
Between April 2015 and October 2023, a total of 237 patients underwent elective redo surgical aortic arch replacement via the FET technique to treat residual type A aortic dissection in 11 European aortic centres. Data were pooled and analysed retrospectively.

RESULTS
The time between an acute type A dissection repair to an FET implant was 5 years. More than half of all patients (54%) presented with an entry within the aortic arch, and 174 patients (73%) presented residual dissections of supra-aortic vessels. During FET repair, the axillary artery was cannulated in 181 patients (76%), whereas 83 patients (35%) underwent additional cardiac procedures including 39 root replacements (16%) and 15 coronary bypass procedures (6%). Zone 2 was the most common arch anastomosis site (n = 163, 69%), and bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion was most frequent (n = 159, 67%). Fifteen patients (6%) died in-hospital. Age in years (P &lt; 0.001, odds ratio: 1.069) proved to be predictive for overall mortality in our Cox regression model.

CONCLUSIONS
Elective redo surgical aortic arch replacement using the FET technique for treating residual type A aortic dissection following ascending aortic replacement revealed a favourable outcome. The decision to undertake stage two therapy of a residually dissected aortic arch should be made by an aortic team on a patient-by-patient basis.
The Social Dynamics of Genocide: Social Psychology and Compliance in Himmler’s Murder Squads
Authors: Armelin Maayan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The mobile paramilitary units known as Einsatzgruppen murdered between one and two million Soviet Jewish and non-Jewish civilians under Nazi occupation. Contemporary and postwar documentation reveals that the units lumped together members of Germany’s various party and state security organizations, who, despite the common image of the Nazi “murder machine,” did not always work in complete collaboration. The article follows Einsatzkommando 12, a subunit of Einsatzgruppe D, which perpetrated executions in the southern regions of present-day Ukraine and Russia. Former members’ postwar interrogations reconstruct the unit’s professional hierarchies, operational structures, and job allocations. The article integrates historical works on SS values and organizational culture with findings in social psychology to explain how the Einsatzgruppen shaped peer group relations, cohesion, and comradeship to enhance members’ compliance with mass murder.
“I am a father”: Experiences of Fatherhood in Diaries of Fathers from the Warsaw Ghetto
Authors: Darmon Malka Tehila 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
While there has been considerable research on women and motherhood during the Holocaust, scholars have paid less attention to fatherhood. This article explores the experiences of Jewish fathers in the Warsaw ghetto during the Holocaust and sheds light on the roles and challenges they encountered in the face of extreme adversity as documented in their diaries. Many fathers, who traditionally had not been involved in household chores and childcare before the war, found themselves taking on these responsibilities in the ghetto. Harsh conditions and constant threats forced fathers to adapt to and take on new roles, both physically and emotionally. These roles included providing for their families, as well as nurturing their children’s well-being, both physically and psychologically. A close examination of the diaries of fathers in the Warsaw ghetto reveals their struggles to protect and care for their children amid an intimidating reality. The diaries convey a range of emotions, including fear, frustration, guilt, and love, and demonstrate the profound impact of their traumatic experiences on their sense of self. Fatherhood emerges as a dynamic construct shaped by circumstances, with extreme events requiring fathers to adapt and balance traditional roles with new challenges to protect their families. These diaries provide a unique perspective on how fatherhood was redefined and tested in the collapsing Warsaw ghetto.
Assessing the integration of sustainability and climate change in urban planning education: a Saudi Arabian perspective
Authors: Bahreldin Ibrahim , Samir Hossam , Maddah Rahif , Hammad Hazem , Hegazy Ibrahim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study examines the integration of sustainability and climate change into Saudi Arabian urban planning education, a crucial step as cities confront rapid urbanization’s environmental, social, and economic impacts. Utilizing content analysis and purposive sampling, the research evaluates current curricula to identify challenges and opportunities. Findings indicate that while environmental sustainability is prioritized, economic and social aspects are less emphasized. Furthermore, local issues dominate, with a limited focus on global perspectives, and adaptation strategies are favored over mitigation. The study offers recommendations to strengthen sustainability’s role within Saudi urban planning education, promoting a more comprehensive approach to climate challenges.
Does the end justify the means? The European Commission’s proposed regulation laying down rules to prevent and combat child sexual abuse
Authors: Dushi Desara 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The European Commission’s Proposed Regulation Laying Down Rules to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse aims to impose obligations related to detecting, reporting, removing, and blocking known and new online child sexual abuse material (CSAM), as well as the solicitation of children (grooming), on providers of hosting services, interpersonal communication services, software application stores, internet access services, and other relevant services. This paper navigates through state-of-the-art technological tools for detecting online CSAM, scrutinizing their potential legal impact and technical issues associated with each tool and unveiling potential fundamental rights implications. It strives to answer the question of whether the proposed rules are aligned with the state-of-the-art detection technologies in effectively addressing online CSAM without jeopardizing other fundamental rights, intending to foster a nuanced understanding of the proposal’s potential shortcomings. Upholding democracy and the presumption of innocence demands careful consideration of the impact of new technologies, emphasizing the importance of thorough studies to inform legal frameworks. Without such scrutiny, the proposed regulation risks undermining fundamental rights in its pursuit of child protection in the digital landscape.
A second-order correction method for loosely coupled discretizations applied to parabolic–parabolic interface problems
Authors: Burman Erik , Durst Rebecca , Fernández Miguel A , Guzmán Johnny , Liu Sijing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We consider a parabolic–parabolic interface problem and construct a loosely coupled prediction-correction scheme based on the Robin–Robin splitting method analyzed in [J. Numer. Math., 31(1):59–77, 2023]. We show that the errors of the correction step converge at $\mathcal O((\varDelta t)^{2})$, under suitable convergence rate assumptions on the discrete time derivative of the prediction step, where $\varDelta t$ stands for the time-step length. Numerical results are shown to support our analysis and the assumptions.
Functional characterization of novel RbTI gene from ricebean and validation of its insecticidal properties in transgenic tobacco
Authors: Katoch Rajan , Singh Sunil Kumar , Raj Kiran , Kumar Sandeep , Thakur Neelam , Hallan Vipin , Kumar Sudesh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Plant protease inhibitors (PI’s) inhibit the activity of gut proteases and thus provide resistance against insect attack. Previously we have published first report on cloning and characterization of a novel Bowman–Birk protease inhibitor gene (RbTI) from ricebean (Vigna umbellata). In this study, the RbTI gene was further characterized and validated as a potential candidate for transferring insect resistance in economically important crops. We have successfully generated transgenic tobacco plants expressing RbTI gene constitutively under CaMV35S promoter using Agrobacterium transformation. Genomic PCR and GUS analysis confirmed the successful integration of RbTI gene into tobacco plant genome. qRT-PCR analysis revealed highest RbTI gene expression in transformed tobacco leaves nearing maturity. Feeding of transformed tobacco leaf tissue showed prominent effect on larval mortality throughout the larval growth stages mainly during first three days of feeding. For functional analysis of RbTI gene, we estimated the inhibitory activity of protein extracts from normal and transformed tobacco plants against gut proteases of Spodoptera litura and H. armigera larval instars. Maximum inhibition of trypsin (82.42% and 73.25%) and chymotrypsin (69.50% and 60.64%) enzymes was recorded at early larval stages of both insects. The results of this study validated the future use of RbTI gene from ricebean legume as a potential candidate for transferring insect resistance in economically important crops.
Insight, innovation, integration: Present study was conducted with the aim to utilize the state of art biotechnological techniques for transferring key pest resistant genes from underutilized promising crop ricebean. The tobacco plant has been utilized as modern plant for proof of concept where a protease inhibitor gene from Ricebean has been transferred to tobacco plant which induced larval mortality within first three days of feeding at all larval developmental stages. The biochemical assays on mid-gut total protein extract showed that the transgenic tobacco leaves have inhibiting effect on trypsin and chymotrypsin enzymes of insect which is otherwise required for digestion of food by them. Hence, we provide a novel gene that could be utilized for pest resistance in other crops different developmental stages.
Analytical Quality by Design-Assisted Eco-Friendly RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Artificial Sweeteners in Commercial Food Samples Utilizing a Green Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Technique: Greenness, Blueness, and Whiteness Appraisal
Authors: Chakraborty Atyurmila , Jayaseelan Kavitha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Acesulfame K (E950) and saccharin Na (E954) are commonly utilized synthetic sweeteners that are added to various processed food products to improve the sweet flavor. Environmentally friendly technology must be prioritized when evaluating the artificial sweeteners, as excessive consumption of these sweeteners presents serious health hazards.

Objective
The main aim of this study was to develop an analytical quality by design-aided eco-friendly RP-HPLC technique that can detect both acesulfame K and saccharin Na simultaneously, incorporating green analytical chemistry (GAC) principles and white analytical chemistry (WAC), using the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique on commercial food samples.

Methods
The usage of ethanol was in accordance with eco-friendly ideals due to its ease of use, speed, and lack of environmental impact. Rotatable central composite design (rCCD) was used for method optimization. A mobile phase consisting of an ethanol–1% aqueous acetic acid (1 + 1, by volume) mixture was used and the separation was carried out on a Zorbax column (SB-C18, 150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a detection wavelength of 217 nm.

Results
Acesulfame K had a retention time of 1.134 min and saccharin Na of 2.134 min. Acesulfame K and saccharin Na recovery rates varied betweeen different commercially available food samples, ranging from 65 to 102% and 75 to 101%, respectively.

Conclusion
At the defined operating point, the developed procedure displays conformity with the previously defined requirements for linearity, accuracy, sensitivity, and repeatability. The most accurate assessments of greenness were produced by the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), Analytical Eco Scale (AES), and Analytical GREEnness metrics (AGREE) tools. Results from the Red-Green-Blue 12 (RGB 12) algorithm for whiteness and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) for blueness indicate that the method is very practical, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly.

Highlights
The results of this study could pave the way for more eco-friendly and effective AQbD methods to be used in the future for evaluating various sweeteners using green solvents.
Data Protection: Breach of Statutory Duty
Authors: Scherbel-Ball Jonathan , McMahon Felicity , Williams Hope 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 examines the way in which data protection law in the United Kingdom operates to protect privacy rights and certain other rights in the context of journalism, media reporting, and freedom of expression. The introduction sets out the various data protection regimes, the rights protected by those regimes, and their relevance to media publications and journalism. Section B charts the incremental changes made in the transition from the Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA 1998) to the GDPR, UK GDPR, and Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA 2018). In Section C, the authors examine the following key elements of the UK GDPR and DPA 2018 in the context of the protection of privacy: key definitions and concepts, territorial scope, the obligations of data controllers, key principles including fairness and transparency, exemptions, the rights and remedies of data subjects, and criminal liability.
The Privacy Codes
Authors: Stables John , Gallop Ben 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Alongside statute and the common law, a framework of regulation exists to control standards of print and broadcast media. This chapter considers that framework, and in particular the parts of it which serve to limit, and offer remedies for, intrusions into privacy. It focuses on the regulations of two key regulatory bodies—Ofcom (overseeing the Broadcasting Code) and IPSO (the Editor’s Code of Practice)—as well as the BBC’s Editorial Guidelines. Sections B and C explain how these codes are woven into law under the Human Rights Act 1998 (s 12)—being the ‘privacy codes’ for the purposes of that section—and the Data Protection Act 2018. In Section D, the relative merits for privacy complainants of pursuing judicial remedies and regulatory complaints, and their interplay, are considered. Section E gives an overview of Ofcom, the BBC, and IPSO. Section F describes in detail how privacy complaints function under the relevant privacy codes. In Section G, the codes’ limited application to new media—particularly internet publications, online apps, and on-demand services—is briefly discussed. Section H summarizes the internal procedures under the codes for challenging decisions of the regulators. Section I finally discusses the regulators’ status as ‘public authorities’ under the HRA. The practical implications of the regulators being classed as such, for the purposes of judicial review claims relying on Articles 8 and 10 ECHR, are considered.
Fatigue and Sleep-related Impairment as Predictors of the Effect of Nonpharmacological Therapies for Active duty Service Members With Chronic Pain: A Secondary Analysis of a Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Wi Dahee , Steffen Alana D , Flynn Diane M , Ransom Jeffrey C , Orr Kira P , McQuinn Honor M , Snow Tyler J , Burke Larisa A , Park Chang , Doorenbos Ardith Z 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
First-line treatments for chronic pain include selected complementary and integrative health therapies, including spinal manipulation, acupuncture, yoga, and massage; and standard rehabilitative care, including physical and occupational therapies. This study aimed to uncover critical factors that contribute to pain impact and the effectiveness of complementary and integrative health therapies and standard rehabilitative care among people with chronic pain, with a focus on the role of sleep-related impairment.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a pragmatic randomized clinical trial of 280 U.S. active duty service members with chronic pain.

Results
Our study’s multiple mediation analysis examined the indirect effect of complementary and integrative health therapies on pain impact through fatigue (β = − 0.43; 95% CI, −0.99 to −0.07). When stratified by sleep-related impairment, participants with T scores above the median of 62 demonstrated a significant negative indirect effect of complementary and integrative health therapies through fatigue (β = − 0.80; 95% CI, −2.31 to −0.14). This negative indirect effect was not significant for participants with sleep-related impairment T scores below the median (β = − 0.64; 95% CI, −1.48 to 0.07).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that complementary and integrative health therapies are particularly effective in reducing pain impact for individuals with higher levels of sleep-related impairment, and that the effect of complementary and integrative health therapies is supported primarily by reducing fatigue.
Action of the Axial U(1) Noninvertible Symmetry on the ’t Hooft Line Operator: A Simple Argument
Authors: Honda Yamato , Onoda Soma , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Employing the modified Villain lattice formulation of the axion quantum electrodynamics, we present an alternative and much simpler derivation of the conclusion of Ref. [1] that the sweep of the axial $U(1)$ noninvertible symmetry operator over the (nongenuine) gauge-invariant ’t Hooft line operator with an integer magnetic charge does not leave any effect. The point is that such a ’t Hooft line can be represented by a boundary of a (nontopological) defect that is invariant under the axial transformation on the axion field.
Unique internal anatomy of vertebrae as a key factor for neck elongation in Triassic archosauromorphs
Authors: Rytel Adam , Surmik Dawid , Szczygielski Tomasz , Spiekman Stephan N F , van de Kamp Thomas , Zuber Marcus , Scheyer Torsten M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Triassic was a key period in the evolution of vertebrates, and reptiles in particular, giving rise to a plethora of successful lineages, some of which are still extant. One of the groups that flourished during the early Mesozoic were the tanysaurians (Archosauromorpha: Tanysauria). They had elongate neck vertebrae that in some genera reached extreme proportions. Here, we provide the first comprehensive description of the internal structure of these extraordinary elements, focusing on the famously bizarre Tanystropheus. Through computed tomography and sectioning, we were able to reveal some intriguing features comparable to those seen in pterosaurs and birds. However, contrary to what we see in pneumatic bones, cervicals of tanysaurians contain a singular voluminous cavity. This results in a cylindrical structure in these vertebrae, which likely provided durability, while contributing less to the weight of the neck. These insights are relevant for better understanding of a unique and extreme anatomy among tetrapods, which evolved as a result of very strict selection for some particular function. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that major modifications of the internal anatomy of vertebrae were not unique to derived avemetatarsalians (pterosaurs and dinosaurs), but more widespread among reptiles.
Triple Pelvic Osteotomy for Hip Dysplasia: The Akbulut-Coskun Technique Using a Modified Stoppa Approach
Authors: Akbulut Deniz , Coşkun Mehmet , Aydin Abdurrahman , Arslanoğlu Fatih , Sevencan Ahmet , Çamurcu Yalkin 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Many successful osteotomies have been reported for the treatment of acetabular dysplasia. However, triple pelvic osteotomy remains a technically challenging procedure with potential for significant complications. This study examined a series of Tönnis periacetabular osteotomy (TPAO) procedures performed using the modified Stoppa approach to treat acetabular dysplasia in adolescents.

Objective:
To describe the radiographic outcomes, complications, and early functional results of TPAO using the modified Stoppa approach for acetabular dysplasia in adolescents.

Methods:
This study included 16 patients (20 hips) who underwent TPAO using the modified Stoppa approach for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia. The characteristics of the patients and the surgical procedure were discussed. The radiologic outcome was evaluated using the lateral center-edge (CE) and Tönnis roof angles. Perioperative data including surgery duration, blood loss, and complications were recorded. Complications were also discussed.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 11.5±1.1 (10 to 13) years. The mean preoperative anteroposterior CE angle was 14.7±3 degrees (7 to 19 degrees), and the mean postoperative angle was 35.7±3.1 degrees (30 to 42 degrees; P<0.001). The mean preoperative Sharp’s angle was 55.9±5.4 degrees (48 to 65 degrees), and the postoperative mean was 33±5 degrees (24 to 40 degrees; P<0.001). The mean Tönnis angle before and after osteotomy was 23.3±7.1 degrees (17 to 36 degrees) and 7.1±2 degrees (4 to 10 degrees), respectively (P<0.001). The mean operative time was 42.2±10.3 minutes with a mean blood loss of 167.7±50.3 mL. One patient sustained a bladder injury as a major complication.

Conclusions:
The use of TPAO with the intrapelvic modified Stoppa approach in the treatment of hip dysplasia provides the benefits of a single incision, access to 2 hips in the same session, positional advantage, and abductor function preservation. Early results are satisfactory and safe.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.