bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeding studies take guts – critical review and recommendations of methods for stomach contents analysis in fish
Authors: Amundsen Per‐Arne , Sánchez‐Hernández Javier 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStudies on the feeding ecology of fish are essential for exploring and contrasting trophic interactions and population and community dynamics within and among aquatic ecosystems. In this respect, many different methods have been adopted for the analysis of fish stomach contents. No consensus has, however, been reached for a standardised methodology despite that for several decades there has been an ongoing debate about which methodical approaches that should be preferred. Here, we critically review and scrutinise methods, addressing their strengths and weaknesses and emphasising inherent problems and possible pitfalls in their use. Although our critical assessment reveals that no completely ideal approach exists, appropriate and reliable procedures can be adopted through careful considerations and implementation. In particular, we advocate that different objectives require different methodical approaches and the choice of method should therefore be closely linked to the research questions that are addressed. For a standardisation of methods, we recommend a combination of the relative‐fullness and presence–absence methods as the optimal approach for the commonly applied feeding studies addressing relative dietary composition in terms of prey diversity and abundance. Additionally, we recommend the gravimetric method for objectives related to the quantification of food consumption rates and the numerical method for prey selection studies. DNA‐based dietary analysis provides a new and promising complementary approach to visual examination of stomach contents, although some technical challenges still exist. The suggested method standardisation facilitates comparisons across species, ecosystems and time and will enhance the applicability and benefits of fish feeding studies in trophic ecology research.
Effect of ultrasonic‐assisted brining on mass transfer of beef
Authors: Zhao Xutong , Sun Yonghai , Zhou Yajun , Leng Yue 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic intensity (7.5, 10.0, and 12.7 W/cm2) and treatment time (10, 20, and 30 min) on mass transfer of beef during brining process. Changes in the salt and moisture contents in brined beef showed that ultrasound treatment had a positive effect on the mass transfer during brining process. The high correlation between the weight changes of beef and treatment time indicated that the mass transfer kinetics model could be used to evaluate the weight changes of beef during ultrasonic‐assisted brining process. The increase of NaCl diffusion coefficients calculated by the Fick's second law suggested that ultrasound treatment could accelerate the NaCl diffusion into beef (p < .05). The binarized images visualized the increments of NaCl solution in beef by ultrasonic‐assisted brining. These results provided a basis for the ultrasound application in rapid brining of meat products.Practical applicationsUltrasound as a novel and promising technology has some potential advantages in meat processing. This research showed that ultrasound treatment could contribute to the mass transfer during brining processing, and enhanced the NaCl diffusion into beef. The binarized images visualized the quantity of NaCl solution in beef treated with ultrasound. Therefore, ultrasound could be considered as an effective method to accelerate the brining process of meat products.
Understanding the future of lithium: Part 2, temporally and spatially resolved life‐cycle assessment modeling
Authors: Ambrose Hanjiro , Kendall Alissa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn array of emerging technologies, from electric vehicles to renewable energy systems, relies on large‐format lithium ion batteries (LIBs). LIBs are a critical enabler of clean energy technologies commonly associated with air pollution and greenhouse gas mitigation strategies. However, LIBs require lithium, and expanding the supply of lithium requires new lithium production capacity, which, in turn, changes the environmental impacts associated with lithium production since different resource types and ore qualities will be exploited. A question of interest is whether this will lead to significant changes in the environmental impacts of primary lithium over time. Part one of this two‐part article series describes the development of a novel resource production model that predicts future lithium demand and production characteristics (e.g., timing, location, and ore type). In this article, part two, the forecast is coupled with anticipatory life‐cycle assessment (LCA) modeling to estimate the environmental impacts of producing battery‐grade lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) each year between 2018 and 2100.The result is a normalized life‐cycle impact intensity for LCE that reflects the changing resource type, quantity, and region of production. Sustained growth in lithium demands through 2100 necessitates extraction of lower grade resources and mineral deposits, especially after 2050. Despite the reliance on lower grade resources and differences in impact intensity for LCE production from each deposit, the LCA results show only small to modest increases in impact, for example, carbon intensity increases from 3.2 kg CO2e/kg LCE in 2020 to 3.3 kg CO2e/kg LCE in 2100.
Mineral resources in the age of climate adaptation and resilience
Authors: Bleischwitz Raimund 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article discusses issues on resources availability to achieve climate adaptation and resilience for cities and infrastructures. In the age of climate change, there could be cascading failures through a range of infrastructure breakdowns. Direct and indirect damage costs could exceed what had been estimated in traditional risk assessments. This could be exacerbated through abrupt price peaks in international supply chains of minerals, and through events happening in remote parts of the world that affect extraction and vulnerable industries. The core argument made here is one of feedbacks: climate adaptation has significant resource implications, and how resources are being used will have implications on climate strategies. Industrial Ecology has a role to play assessing those interactions and providing a better grasp of the spatial dimension of material flows, partly to track those flows and align them to specific actors, and partly to address interlinkages across different flows and their stocks (‘the resource nexus’). Methodological novelties are needed to better understand the resource base and the socio‐economic dimension, especially on innovations and transitions that can help to cope with the challenges ahead. Altogether this would enable research to establish an evidence base on sustainable materials to deliver parts of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and to reassess infrastructure assets and the mineral resources in the age of climate adaptation and resilience.
Phenotype and genotype of polycystic ovary syndrome in Asia: Ethnic differences
Authors: Kim Jin Ju , Choi Young Min 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in reproductive‐aged women, and ethnic diversity has been reported in its manifestation. This review addressed phenotype and genetic studies in Asian women with PCOS. Generally, East Asians are less hirsute, and the hirsutism score cutoff is lower than the Caucasian counterpart. It is not clear whether there are any significant differences in the prevalence or severity of irregular menstruation (IM) or characteristics of polycystic ovary (PCO) across ethnicities. Interestingly, the IM/PCO subgroup is a relatively common phenotype in East Asian patients but not in Caucasian patients. The prevalence of insulin resistance in PCOS patients varies depending on the index used and the cutoff, but women with PCOS showed a higher degree of insulin resistance than those of controls across ethnicities. Lower body mass index (BMI) and lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome were reported in East Asian patients, but despite lower BMI, a comparative study reported that Asian women with PCOS were more likely to have diabetes compared with Caucasian patients, suggesting they also have metabolic complications. Unlike East Asian patients, South Asian patients showed an increased degree of hirsutism, early onset of symptoms, and severe insulin resistance and metabolic risks compared with Caucasians. Genetic components play important roles in the pathogenesis of PCOS, and genome‐wide association studies of PCOS suggest that similar genetic risk factors exist between Asian and Caucasian patients. Continuous comparative studies are needed to standardize the diagnosis and management of PCOS across different ethnicities.
New candidate genes for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Cederström S. , Lundman P. , Folkersen L. , Paulsson‐Berne G. , Karadimou G. , Eriksson P. , Caidahl K. , Gabrielsen A. , Jernberg T. , Persson J. , Tornvall P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite extensive research in atherosclerosis, the mechanisms of coronary atherothrombosis in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients are undetermined.ObjectivesOur aim was to find candidate genes involved in STEMI by analysing leucocyte gene expression in STEMI patients, without the influence of secondary inflammation from innate immunity, which was assumed to be a consequence rather than the cause of coronary atherothrombosis.MethodsFifty‐one patients were included at coronary angiography because of STEMI. Arterial blood was sampled in the acute phase (P1), at 24–48 h (P2) and at 3 months (P3). Leucocyte RNA was isolated and gene expression analysis was performed by Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0. By omission of up‐ or downregulated genes at P2, secondary changes from innate immunity were excluded. Genes differentially expressed in P1 when compared to the convalescent sample in P3 were determined as genes involved in STEMI.ResultsThree genes were upregulated at P1 compared to P3; ABCG1 (P = 5.81 × 10−5), RAB20 (P = 3.69 × 10−5) and TMEM2 (P = 7.75 × 10−6) whilst four were downregulated; ACVR1 (P = 9.01 × 10−5), NFATC2IP (P = 8.86 × 10−5), SUN1 (P = 3.87 × 10−5) and TTC9C (P = 7.18 × 10−6). These genes were also highly expressed in carotid atherosclerotic plaques.ConclusionsWe found seven genes involved in STEMI. The study is unique regarding the blood sampling in the acute phase and omission of secondary expressed genes from innate immunity. However, the results need to be replicated by future studies.
Ethoxy mansonone G as an anticancer agent in estrogen receptor-positive and endocrine-resistant breast cancer
Authors: Chonsut Piriya , Mahalapbutr Panupong , Pradubyat Nalinee , Chavasiri Warinthorn , Wonganan Piyanuch , Ketchart Wannarasmi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To study anticancer effects, underlying mechanism and safety of ethoxy mansonone G (EMG) which is the potent derivative of mansonone G (MG) in breast cancer cells.

Methods
Anticancer, antimigration, anti-invasion effects and anchorage-independent growth were investigated by MTT, scratch, matrigel invasion and soft agar assays. Estrogen receptor (ER)-targeted genes and endocrine-resistant genes were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot.

Key findings
Ethoxy mansonone G is the most potent MG derivative and has anticancer effects in ER-positive, endocrine-resistant and ER-negative breast cancer cells. Our results demonstrated that EMG can significantly inhibit estrogen-induced cell proliferation and the expression of ER-targeted genes in ER-positive breast cancer cells, suggesting the anti-estrogenic property of EMG which is consisting with the virtual molecular docking that EMG could possibly bind to the ERα. Moreover, EMG has synergistic effect with tamoxifen in endocrine-resistant cells. EMG also inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and anchorage-independent growth by reducing expression of genes involved in endocrine resistance and invasive factors during the metastatic process.

Conclusion
Ethoxy mansonone G has an anticancer effect in breast cancer cells and is possible to use as a therapeutic agent in patients with breast cancer.
Chromogranin A and its fragments in cardiovascular, immunometabolic, and cancer regulation
Authors: Mahata Sushil K. , Corti Angelo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChromogranin A (CgA)—the index member of the chromogranin/secretogranin secretory protein family—is ubiquitously distributed in endocrine, neuroendocrine, and immune cells. Elevated levels of CgA‐related polypeptides, consisting of full‐length molecules and fragments, are detected in the blood of patients suffering from neuroendocrine tumors, heart failure, renal failure, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Full‐length CgA and various CgA‐derived peptides, including vasostatin‐1, pancreastatin, catestatin, and serpinin, are expressed at different relative levels in normal and pathological conditions and exert diverse, and sometime opposite, biological functions. For example, CgA is overexpressed in genetic hypertension, whereas catestatin is diminished. In rodents, the administration of catestatin decreases hypertension, cardiac contractility, obesity, atherosclerosis, and inflammation, and it improves insulin sensitivity. By contrast, pancreastatin is elevated in diabetic patients, and the administration of this peptide to obese mice decreases insulin sensitivity and increases inflammation. CgA and the N‐terminal fragment of vasostatin‐1 can enhance the endothelial barrier function, exert antiangiogenic effects, and inhibit tumor growth in animal models, whereas CgA fragments lacking the CgA C‐terminal region promote angiogenesis and tumor growth. Overall, the CgA system, consisting of full‐length CgA and its fragments, is emerging as an important and complex player in cardiovascular, immunometabolic, and cancer regulation.
Isolated very low QRS voltage predicts response to tilt‐table testing in patients with neurally mediated syncope
Authors: Blendea Dan , McPherson Craig A. , Pop Sorin , Anton Florin P. , Crisan Sorin , Ruskin Jeremy N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundA number of patients with neurally mediated syncope (NMS) have isolated QRS complexes of very low voltage (≤0.3 mV) in the frontal plane leads on the 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG).HypothesisThe aim of this study was to assess the importance of QRS voltage in predicting response to tilt‐table testing (TTT) in patients with suspected NMS.MethodsWe included 216 patients (age: 49 ± 20 years, 103 men) with suspected NMS who had either a positive or negative response to TTT (n = 91 TTT+, and n = 125 TTT−). The QRS voltage was measured in mV on 12‐lead ECGs performed within 3 days of the TTT. The lowest QRS voltage (QRSmin), as well as the voltage in each of the 12 leads was also determined.ResultsVery low voltage (QRSmin ≤ 0.3 mV) in the frontal leads was significantly more prevalent in the TTT+ group than in the TTT− group (74 vs 22%, respectively; P < .001). Patients in the TTT+ group had significantly lower QRSmin when compared to patients in the TTT− group. QRSmin predicted a positive tilt‐table test in a multivariate model that also included patient gender, height, history of presyncope, QRS duration, and left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter indexed to height. ROC analysis showed that QRSmin of ≥0.3 mV discriminated between TTT+ and TTT− patients with a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 68%.ConclusionIsolated very low QRS voltage in the frontal leads predicts a positive response to TTT in patients with suspected NMS.
Pediatric trichotillomania: Review of management
Authors: Henkel Emily D. , Jaquez Sasha D. , Diaz Lucia Z. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTrichotillomania can present in childhood, with many families seeking initial evaluation by a dermatologist for hair loss. Prompt and accurate diagnosis by dermatologists is crucial, as children can suffer from academic or social impairments as well as mental health sequelae. Children are especially vulnerable to lasting psychological distress from appearance‐related bullying. This article reviews the psychosocial impacts of pediatric trichotillomania and the current interventions studied in this population. Included are studies evaluating behavioral therapies as well as pharmacologic options. This review highlights the importance of early and appropriate identification, intervention, and the need for more treatment studies in the pediatric population.
Topical tacrolimus therapy in the management of lower extremity ulcers due to prolidase deficiency
Authors: Good Allison J. , Nielson Colton B. , Schoch Jennifer J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProlidase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cutaneous ulcers, facial dysmorphism, recurrent infections, and intellectual disability. We report a unique case of a 6‐year‐old boy with prolidase deficiency and Crohn's disease who presented with lower extremity ulcers. Cutaneous ulcers due to prolidase deficiency are historically resistant to treatment, and we report success with the novel use of topical tacrolimus.
Acquired hypogammaglobulinemia and pathogen‐specific antibody depletion after solid organ transplantation in human immunodeficiency virus infection: A brief report
Authors: Newman Margaret , Gregg Kevin , Estes Randee , Pursell Kenneth , Pitrak David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHypogammaglobulinemia (HGG) frequently occurs in recipients after types of (SOT). The incidence and significance of HGG in HIV+ recipients of SOT are just being explored. We reported that 12% of the recipients in the SOT in multi‐center HIV‐TR (HIV‐TR) Study developed moderate or severe HGG at 1 year. In LT recipients, this was associated with serious infections and death. We have now further characterized the decreased antibodies in HIV+ SOT recipients who developed HGG. We measured the levels of pathogen‐specific antibodies and poly‐specific self‐reactive antibodies (PSA) in relation to total IgG levels from serial serum samples for 20 HIV+ SOT recipients who developed moderate to severe HGG following SOT. Serum antibody levels to measles, tetanus toxoid, and HIV‐1 were determined by EIA. Levels of PSAs were determined by incubating control lymphocytes with patient serum, staining with anti‐human IgG Fab‐FITC, and analysis by flow cytometry. Levels of PSA were higher compared to healthy, HIV‐uninfected controls at pre‐transplant baseline and increased by weeks 12 and 26, but the changes were not significant. Likewise, anti‐HIV antibody levels remained unchanged over time. In contrast, antibody levels against measles and tetanus were significantly reduced from baseline by week 12, and did not return to baseline, even after 2 years. For HIV patients who develop moderate to severe HGG after transplant, the reduction in IgG levels is associated with a significant decrease in pathogen‐specific antibody titers, while PSA levels and anti‐HIV antibodies are unchanged. This may contribute to infectious complications and other clinical endpoints.
Estimation of Forcing Function, Mistuning, and Modal Damping in a Bladed Rotor
Authors: Chauhan Arjun Singh , Sinha Alok 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper deals with the estimation of forcing function, modal damping, and mistuned modal stiffnesses in a bladed rotor. Previous research on parameter estimation in a mistuned bladed rotor relies on the knowledge of the forcing function as well as the vibration data. This paper presents two novel approaches. The first approach relies on knowledge of both the forcing and vibration data. The parameters are treated as states of the system and an augmented state space model is created. Unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is then used on the steady-state data to estimate the parameters. The second approach eliminates the dependence on forcing data. Both the forcing and parameters are now treated as states of the system to construct an augmented state space model. UKF is then used on transient vibration data for estimation. Numerical results are presented for a simple model of a mistuned bladed rotor which considers a single mode of vibration per blade.
Parameter Set Reduction and Ensemble Kalman Filtering for Engine Model Calibration
Authors: Salehi Rasoul , Stefanopoulou Anna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A novel methodology is presented in this paper to reduce the burden of calibrating an engine model associated with a high number of parameters and nonlinear equations. The proposed idea decreases the calibration candidate parameters by detecting the most influential ones in an engine air-charge path model and then using them as a reduced parameter set for further model calibration. Since only the most influential parameters are tuned at the final calibration stage, this approach helps to avoid over-parameterization associated with tuning highly nonlinear engine models. Detection of the influential parameters is proposed using sensitivity analysis followed by principal component analysis (PCA) as an early off-line stage in the model tuning process. Then, an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is used for tuning the detected influential parameters. The Jacobian-free suboptimal filtering approach of EnKF allows tuning parameters either with off-line recorded data or during on-line engine testing. Using EnKF along with parameter set reduction presents an approach for decreasing the complexity of parameter tuning for online model calibration. Results from experiments on a heavy duty diesel engine show an average of 50% improvement of the model accuracy after calibrating the engine model using the proposed reduced parameter set tuning methodology.
Modeling of Scrap Dissolution in Molten Iron for the Case of Heat Transfer-Controlled Process by Different Approaches and Comparison of Their Accuracies
Authors: Shukla Ajay Kumar , Deo Brahma , Robertson D. G. C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Dissolution of steel scrap in molten iron is studied by using analytical as well as numerical approaches for the case of a heat transfer-controlled process. The approaches used are Green's function approach, quasi-static approach, integral profile method (IPM) (with parabolic profile), and finite difference methods (FDM). Application of FDM explicit and FDM implicit with fixed grid and variable grid is described. Accuracy of all the approaches is compared in terms of total dissolution time evaluated from overall heat balance criterion. The selection rule of time step and deciding the suitable approach for achieving minimum error for different operating conditions, represented by nondimensional Biot number, are described in this paper.