bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiphotoaging and Antimelanogenesis Properties of Ginsenoside C‐Y, a Ginsenoside Rb2 Metabolite from American Ginseng PDD‐ginsenoside
Authors: Liu Xiao‐yi , Xiao Yong‐Kun , Hwang Eunson , Haeng Jeong Jee , Yi Tae‐Hoo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGinsenosides are compounds responsible for the primary pharmacological effects of American ginseng. Compound‐Y (C‐Y) is a minor ginsenoside and a metabolite of Panax ginseng. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of ginsenoside UVB‐irradiated NHDFs and its potential for use as an antihyperpigmentation agent through ginsenoside C‐Y as a functional food and cosmetic ingredient. Ginsenoside C‐Y is a natural antioxidant isolated from the American ginseng PDD‐ginsenoside. Our data showed that ginsenoside C‐Y block UVB‐exposed ROS, restrict MMP‐1 production and promote procollagen type I synthesis. Interestingly, ginsenoside C‐Y suppresses UVB‐exposed VEGF, and TNF‐α secretion, could be related with NFAT signal path. Ginsenoside C‐Y has exhibited photoaging effects by increasing TGF‐β1 level, fortifying Nrf2 nuclear translocation and restricting AP‐1 and MAPK phosphorylation. Assessment of the melanogenic response indicated that ginsenoside C‐Y inhibited melanin secretion and tyrosinase activity and decreased melanin content in Melan‐a and zebrafish embryos. These results suggest that ginsenoside C‐Y can be used as a potential botanical agent to protect premature skin from UVB‐induced photodamage and prevent skin hyperpigmentation.
MASTER: A multiple aspect view on trajectories
Authors: Mello Ronaldo dos Santos , Bogorny Vania , Alvares Luis Otavio , Santana Luiz Henrique Zambom , Ferrero Carlos Andres , Frozza Angelo Augusto , Schreiner Geomar Andre , Renso Chiara 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFor many years trajectory data have been treated as sequences of space‐time points or stops and moves. However, with the explosion of the Internet of Things and the flood of big data generated on the Internet, such as weather channels and social network interactions, which can be used to enrich mobility data, trajectories become more and more complex, with multiple and heterogeneous data dimensions. The main challenge is how to integrate all this information with trajectories. In this article we introduce a new concept of trajectory, called multiple aspect trajectory, propose a robust conceptual and logical data model that supports a vast range of applications, and, differently from state‐of‐the‐art methods, we propose a storage solution for efficient multiple aspect trajectory queries. The main strength of our data model is the combination of simplicity and expressive power to represent heterogeneous aspects, ranging from simple labels to complex objects. We evaluate the proposed model in a tourism scenario and compare its query performance against the state‐of‐the‐art spatio‐temporal database SECONDO extension for symbolic trajectories.
Role of the afferent renal nerves in sodium homeostasis and blood pressure regulation in rats
Authors: Frame Alissa A. , Carmichael Casey Y. , Kuwabara Jill T. , Cunningham J. Thomas , Wainford Richard D. 
Published: May 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What are the differential roles of the mechanosensitive and chemosensitive afferent renal nerves in the reno‐renal reflex that promotes natriuresis, sympathoinhibition and normotension during acute and chronic challenges to sodium homeostasis?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The mechanosensitive afferent renal nerves contribute to an acute natriuretic sympathoinhibitory reno‐renal reflex that may be integrated within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Critically, the afferent renal nerves are required for the maintenance of salt resistance in Sprague–Dawley and Dahl salt‐resistant rats and attenuate the development of Dahl salt‐sensitive hypertension.

AbstractThese studies tested the hypothesis that in normotensive salt‐resistant rat phenotypes the mechanosensitive afferent renal nerve (ARN) reno‐renal reflex promotes natriuresis, sympathoinhibition and normotension during acute and chronic challenges to fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Selective ARN ablation was conducted prior to (1) an acute isotonic volume expansion (VE) or 1 m NaCl infusion in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats and (2) chronic high salt intake in SD, Dahl salt‐resistant (DSR), and Dahl salt‐sensitive (DSS) rats. ARN responsiveness following high salt intake was assessed ex vivo in response to noradrenaline and sodium concentration (SD, DSR and DSS) and via in vivo manipulation of renal pelvic pressure and sodium concentration (SD and DSS). ARN ablation attenuated the natriuretic and sympathoinhibitory responses to an acute VE [peak natriuresis (µeq min−1) sham 52 ± 5 vs. ARN ablation 28 ± 3, P < 0.05], but not a hypertonic saline infusion in SD rats. High salt (HS) intake enhanced ARN reno‐renal reflex‐mediated natriuresis in response to direct increases in renal pelvic pressure (mechanoreceptor stimulus) in vivo and ARN responsiveness to noradrenaline ex vivo in SD, but not DSS, rats. In vivo and ex vivo ARN responsiveness to increased renal pelvic sodium concentration (chemoreceptor stimulus) was unaltered during HS intake. ARN ablation evoked sympathetically mediated salt‐sensitive hypertension in SD rats [MAP (mmHg): sham normal salt 102 ± 2 vs. sham HS 104 ± 2 vs. ARN ablation normal salt 103 ± 2 vs. ARN ablation HS 121 ± 2, P < 0.05] and DSR rats and exacerbated DSS hypertension. The mechanosensitive ARNs mediate an acute sympathoinhibitory natriuretic reflex and counter the development of salt‐sensitive hypertension.
Intact single muscle fibres from SOD1G93A amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice display preserved specific force, fatigue resistance and training‐like adaptations
Authors: Cheng Arthur J. , Allodi Ilary , Chaillou Thomas , Schlittler Maja , Ivarsson Niklas , Lanner Johanna T. , Thams Sebastian , Hedlund Eva , Andersson Daniel C. 
Published: May 2019

Key points
How defects in muscle contractile function contribute to weakness in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were systematically investigated.
Weakness in whole muscles from late stage SOD1G93A mice was explained by muscle atrophy as seen by reduced mass and maximal force.
On the other hand, surviving single muscle fibres in late stage SOD1G93A have preserved intracellular Ca2+ handling, normal force‐generating capacity and increased fatigue resistance.
These intriguing findings provide a substrate for therapeutic interventions to potentiate muscular capacity and delay the progression of the ALS phenotype.
AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disease characterized by degeneration and loss of motor neurons, leading to severe muscle weakness and paralysis. The SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS displays motor neuron degeneration and a phenotype consistent with human ALS. The purpose of this study was to determine whether muscle weakness in ALS can be attributed to impaired intrinsic force generation in skeletal muscles. In the current study, motor neuron loss and decreased force were evident in whole flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscles of mice in the late stage of disease (125–150 days of age). However, in intact single muscle fibres, specific force, tetanic myoplasmic free [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i), and resting [Ca2+]i remained unchanged with disease. Fibre‐type distribution was maintained in late‐stage SOD1G93A FDB muscles, but remaining muscle fibres displayed greater fatigue resistance compared to control and showed increased expression of myoglobin and mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins that are important determinants of fatigue resistance. Expression of genes central to both mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle atrophy where increased, suggesting that atrophic and compensatory adaptive signalling occurs simultaneously within the muscle tissue. These results support the hypothesis that muscle weakness in SOD1G93A is primarily attributed to neuromuscular degeneration and not intrinsic muscle fibre defects. In fact, surviving muscle fibres displayed maintained adaptive capacity with an exercise training‐like phenotype, which suggests that compensatory mechanisms are activated that can function to delay disease progression.
Investigating the effectiveness of an online acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention versus a waiting list control condition on pain interference and quality of life in adults with chronic pain and multimorbidity: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Slattery Brian W , O’Connor Laura L , Haugh Stephanie , Barrett Katie , Francis Kady , Dwyer Christopher P , O’Higgins Siobhan , Caes Line , Egan Jonathan , McGuire Brian E 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionMultimorbidity refers to the presence of two or more chronic health conditions within one person, where no one condition is primary. Research suggests that multimorbidity is highly correlated with chronic pain, which is pain lasting longer than 3 months. Psychotherapeutic interventions for people living with chronic illness have resulted in reduced symptom reporting and improved psychological well-being. There is a dearth of research, however, using online psychotherapy for people living with multimorbidity where chronic pain is a central condition. This study will compare the effectiveness of an online acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention with a waiting list control condition in terms of improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and reducing levels of pain interference in people with chronic pain and at least one other condition.Methods and analysis192 adult participants with non-malignant pain that persists for at least 3 months and at least one other medically diagnosed condition will be randomised to one of two study conditions. The experimental group will undergo an eight-session internet-delivered ACT programme over an 8-week period. A waiting list group will be offered the ACT intervention after the 3-month follow-up period. HRQoL and pain interference will act as the primary outcomes. Data will be analysed using a linear mixed model and adjusted to account for demographic and clinical variables as necessary. A Study Within a Trial will be incorporated to examine the effect on recruitment and retention of showing participants an animated educational video.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the Research Ethics Committee of the National University of Ireland, Galway. Dissemination of results will be via peer reviewed journal articles and conference presentations.Trial registration numberISRCTN22343024.
Cohort profile: the Lanxi Cohort study on obesity and obesity-related non-communicable diseases in China
Authors: Wei Chen , Ye Sunyue , Ru Yuan , Gan Da , Zheng Weifang , Huang Chao , Chen Lijin , Gao Peng , Li Jiayu , Yang Min , Yang Fei , Zhao Xueyin , Zhu Shankuan 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThe Lanxi Cohort was established to systematically investigate the aetiology and interplay of body fat distribution and multiple factors with obesity and obesity-related non-communicable diseases in China.ParticipantsThe baseline investigation of the Lanxi Cohort study took place between June 2015 and August 2017 in Lanxi, Zhejiang Province, China. Permanent residents from one urban community and four rural villages were involved in this study. The baseline investigation included questionnaire survey, physical examination, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, blood samples collection and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) inquiry.Findings to dataA total of 5132 participants, aged 18 to 80 years, were recruited at baseline; among them, 38.7% were men and 64.8% were from the urban area. The mean age was 53.04±12.77 years. The completion rates of physical examination, DXA scan, blood collection and TCM inquiry were 99.9%, 98.5%, 99.9% and 96.5%, respectively. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.42±3.20 kg/m2with 8.1% of the study population being obese (BMI ≥28 kg/m2). The crude prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and metabolic syndrome were 34.9%, 10.0% and 30.4%, respectively.Future plansAll participants will be monitored annually for cause-specific mortality and morbidity and hospital admission and will be followed up by in-person survey every 4 years. The baseline population is considered to expand in the future depending on the availability of funding support.Ethics approvalThis study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the School of Public Health, Zhejiang University.
TEST (Trial of Eczema allergy Screening Tests): protocol for feasibility randomised controlled trial of allergy tests in children with eczema, including economic scoping and nested qualitative study
Authors: Ridd Matthew J , Edwards Louisa , Santer Miriam , Chalmers Joanne R , Waddell Lisa , Marriage Deborah , Muller Ingrid , Roberts Kirsty , Garfield Kirsty , Coast Joanna , Selman Lucy , Clement Clare , Shaw Alison R G , Angier Elizabeth , Blair Peter S , Turner Nicholas L , Taylor Jodi , Kai Joe , Boyle Robert J 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundEarly onset eczema is associated with food allergy, and allergic reactions to foods can cause acute exacerbations of eczema. Parents often pursue dietary restrictions as a way of managing eczema and seek allergy testing for their children to guide dietary management. However, it is unclear whether test-guided dietary management improves eczema symptoms, and whether the practice causes harm through reduced use of conventional eczema treatment or unnecessary dietary restrictions. The aim of the Trial of Eczema allergy Screening Tests Study is to determine the feasibility of conducting a trial comparing food allergy testing and dietary advice versus usual care, for the management of eczema in children.Methods and analysisDesign: A single centre, two-group, individually randomised, feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) with economic scoping and a nested qualitative study. Setting: General Practioner (GP) surgeries in the west of England. Participants: children aged over 3 months and less than 5 years with mild to severe eczema. Interventions: allergy testing (structured allergy history and skin prick tests) or usual care. Sample size and outcome measures: we aim to recruit 80 participants and follow them up using 4-weekly questionnaires for 24 weeks. Nested qualitative study: We will conduct ~20 interviews with parents of participating children, 5–8 interviews with parents who decline or withdraw from the trial and ~10 interviews with participating GPs. Economic scoping: We will gather data on key costs and outcomes to assess the feasibility of carrying out a cost-effectiveness analysis in a future definitive trial.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been reviewed by the Health Research Authority and given a favourable opinion by the NHS REC (West Midlands – South Birmingham Research Ethics Committee, Reference Number 18/WM/0124). Findings will be submitted for presentation at conferences and written up for publication in peer-reviewed journals, which may include mixed-method triangulation and integration of the quantitative and qualitative findings.Trial registrationISRCTN15397185; Pre-results.
Transmission of tuberculosis and predictors of large clusters within three years in an urban setting in Tokyo, Japan: a population-based molecular epidemiological study
Authors: Izumi Kiyohiko , Murase Yoshiro , Uchimura Kazuhiro , Kaebeta Aya , Ishihara Keiko , Kaguraoka Sumi , Takii Takemasa , Ohkado Akihiro 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveMolecular epidemiology is a promising tool for understanding tuberculosis transmission dynamics but has not been sufficiently utilised in Asian countries including Japan. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of TB cases attributable to recent transmission and to identify risk factors of genotype clustering and the development of large clusters within 3 years in an urban setting in Japan.Design and settingLong-term cross-sectional observational study combining the characteristics of patients with culture-positive TB notified in Shinjuku City, Tokyo (2002–2013), with genotype data ofMycobacterium tuberculosis.Primary outcome measureGenotype clustering rate and association between genotype clustering status and explanatory variables.ResultsAmong 1025 cases, 515 were localised within 113 genotype clusters. The overall clustering rate was 39.2%. Significantly higher rates were found in patients aged <40 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.73, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.44), native Japanese individuals (aOR=3.90, 95% CI 2.27 to 6.72), full-time workers (aOR=1.63, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.27), part-time/daily workers (aOR=2.20, 95% CI 1.35 to 3.58), individuals receiving public assistance (aOR=1.81, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.84) and homeless people (aOR=1.63, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.62). A significant predictor of large genotype clusters within 3 years was a registration interval ≤2 months between the first two cases in a cluster.ConclusionOur results indicated that a large proportion of patients with culture-positive TB were involved in the recent TB transmission chain. Foreign-born persons still have a limited impact on transmission in the Japanese urban setting. Intensified public health interventions, including the active case finding, need to focus on individuals with socioeconomic risk factors that are significantly associated with tuberculosis transmission and clusters with shorter registration intervals between the first two cases.
Functional microRNA screen uncovers O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase as a host factor modulating hepatitis C virus morphogenesis and infectivity
Authors: Herzog Katharina , Bandiera Simonetta , Pernot Sophie , Fauvelle Catherine , Jühling Frank , Weiss Amélie , Bull Anne , Durand Sarah C , Chane-Woon-Ming Béatrice , Pfeffer Sébastien , Mercey Marion , Lerat Hervé , Meunier Jean-Christophe , Raffelsberger Wolfgang , Brino Laurent , Baumert Thomas F , Zeisel Mirjam B 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveInfection of human hepatocytes by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a multistep process involving both viral and host factors. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Given that miRNAs were indicated to regulate between 30% and 75% of all human genes, we aimed to investigate the functional and regulatory role of miRNAs for the HCV life cycle.DesignTo systematically reveal human miRNAs affecting the HCV life cycle, we performed a two-step functional high-throughput miRNA mimic screen in Huh7.5.1 cells infected with recombinant cell culture-derived HCV. miRNA targeting was then assessed using a combination of computational and functional approaches.ResultsWe uncovered miR-501-3p and miR-619-3p as novel modulators of HCV assembly/release. We discovered that these miRNAs regulate O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) protein expression and identified OGT and O-GlcNAcylation as regulators of HCV morphogenesis and infectivity. Furthermore, increased OGT expression in patient-derived liver tissue was associated with HCV-induced liver disease and cancer.ConclusionmiR-501-3p and miR-619-3p and their target OGT are previously undiscovered regulatory host factors for HCV assembly and infectivity. In addition to its effect on HCV morphogenesis, OGT may play a role in HCV-induced liver disease and hepatocarcinogenesis.
Myeloid cells in liver and bone marrow acquire a functionally distinct inflammatory phenotype during obesity-related steatohepatitis
Authors: Krenkel Oliver , Hundertmark Jana , Abdallah Ali T , Kohlhepp Marlene , Puengel Tobias , Roth Tilmann , Branco Diogo Philippini Pontual , Mossanen Jana C , Luedde Tom , Trautwein Christian , Costa Ivan G , Tacke Frank 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveBone marrow-derived myeloid cells accumulate in the liver as monocytes and macrophages during the progression of obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to steatohepatitis (NASH). Myeloid cells comprise heterogeneous subsets, and dietary overnutrition may affect macrophages in the liver and bone marrow. We therefore aimed at characterising in depth the functional adaptations of myeloid cells in fatty liver.DesignWe employed single-cell RNA sequencing to comprehensively assess the heterogeneity of myeloid cells in the liver and bone marrow during NAFLD, by analysing C57BL/6 mice fed with a high-fat, high-sugar, high-cholesterol ‘Western diet’ for 16 weeks. We also characterised NAFLD-driven functional adaptations of macrophages in vitro and their functional relevance during steatohepatitis in vivo.ResultsSingle-cell RNA sequencing identified distinct myeloid cell clusters in the liver and bone marrow. In both compartments, monocyte-derived populations were largely expanded in NASH-affected mice. Importantly, the liver myeloid compartment adapted a unique inflammatory phenotype during NAFLD progression, exemplarily characterised by downregulated inflammatory calprotectin (S100A8/A9) in macrophage and dendritic cell subsets. This distinctive gene signature was also found in their bone marrow precursors. The NASH myeloid phenotype was principally recapitulated by in vitro exposure of bone marrow-derived macrophages with fatty acids, depended on toll-like receptor 4 signalling and defined a characteristic response pattern to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. This imprinted and stable NASH myeloid immune phenotype functionally determined inflammatory responses following acute liver injury (acetaminophen poisoning) in vivo.ConclusionLiver myeloid leucocytes and their bone marrow precursors adapt a common and functionally relevant inflammatory signature during NAFLD progression.
Descriptive analysis of ovine mortality in sentinel sheep flocks in Ireland
Authors: Murray Gerard M , Fagan Seamus , Murphy Denise , Fagan John , Ó Muireagáin Colm , Froehlich‐Kelly Rebecca , Barrett Damien J , Sheehan Maresa , Wilson Margaret , Brady Colm Philip , Hynes Frank , Farrell Shauna , Moriarty John , O Neill Rónan , Casey Mícheál 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundStudies of sheep mortality or cause‐specific mortality, in Ireland or internationally, are relatively scarce but are important in presenting baseline levels and changing trends of endemic disease. This study assessed sheep mortality and cause‐specific mortality in 33 sentinel sheep flocks in Ireland.MethodsSentinel flocks were requested to submit carcases of all sheep that died to the regional veterinary laboratories (RVLs) of the Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine during a calendar year (2016). Postmortem examinations were performed on 1247 submissions to Athlone, Kilkenny and Sligo RVLs.ResultsThe median overall submission rate was 13.8 per cent (range 2.5 per cent–35.8 per cent) per adult female sheep in the flock in January 2016. The median fetal, perinatal, lamb and adult submissions per adult female sheep in the flock in January 2016 were 2.1 per cent (0.0 per cent–15.2 per cent), 3.5 per cent (0.0 per cent–20.0 per cent), 3.0 per cent (0.0 per cent–12.4 per cent) and 2.8 per cent (0.8 per cent–7.1 per cent), respectively. The frequency of detection of categories of postmortem diagnoses in fetuses, perinates, lambs and adults are presented.ConclusionsComparisons with existing passive surveillance findings reflect some differences in the relative frequency of detection of certain categories of disease suggesting that sentinel flock surveillance could usefully supplement existing passive animal disease surveillance activities for ovine disease.