bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Surreal in Postcolonial African Writing
Authors: Kumwenda Joshua Isaac 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Creating a situation that is beyond the ordinary stems from the author’s desire to create utopia amidst the engulfing dystopia and the search for relevant aesthetics to satisfy that desire. It therefore requires the reader to unravel the illogical through which such texts create their meanings and assert their ideologies. Using the case of Legson Kayira’s writing, this paper observes that the surreal takes many dimensions and is the main vehicle for expressing ideology among many African writers in the sense that the dominant narratives and counter-narratives of the texts are aligned with it. As such, whether a text is wholly surrealist or merely informed by the surrealist mode of expression, there is a particular logic that is shrouded in the illogical, the extraordinary and the impractical. I draw on Legson Kayira’s Jingala (1967) and The Detainee (1974) to show how these texts rely on the surreal as the main vehicle for interrogating the postcolonial African reality and positing the author’s ideology.
Reading Our Ruins
Authors: Owuor Yvonne Adhiambo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The essay enquires into what is accepted in academic and political circles as ‘post-colonial’ reality and questions some of the assumptions about its imagination, narratives, and edifices. It does this through the lens of moments taken from lived ‘post-coloniality’, mostly out of Kenya, which, like most ‘independent nations’ presumed a cut-off point between ‘colonial’ and its ‘post’ in the solemn ritual act of swapping flags one midnight. That the world, its presumptions and assumptions, certainly regarding civilizational apotheosis, is today in a state of befuddlement is no mystery. What is mysterious is the persistence of hollow ideas of the character of relationships among peoples, and the distribution of terminologies to refer to these—first world, third world, developed, undeveloped, colonial, post-colonial, neo-colonial, immigrant, expatriate—in a time when these neither make sense nor offer anything meaningful to the world. The essay finally retreats to the ‘autopsy table’ for inspiration: it imagines that the contradictions and confusions of the present era could also be read as an invitation to humanity to ‘look at itself again and really see’, and to, perhaps, this time, do so with that long-absent courage, truthfulness and humility that speak to human realities and allows for an examination of debris from unexplored past and present relationships that now disorder the human future.
Length contrast of high vowels in the Thai language of the Sukhothai period
Authors: MASPONG Sireemas , PITTAYAPORN Pittayawat 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In an attempt to study the length distinction of high vowels in Sukhothai Thai, this research compares an analysis of the graphemic system and spelling variations found in the Sukhothai inscriptions with the phonemes in Proto-Southwestern Tai (PSWT) and donor languages of the loanwords. The result indicates that short and long high vowels in PSWT behave differently in phonemic-graphemic mapping. Short vowels are mapped with ⟨i⟩ and ⟨u⟩ whereas long vowels with ⟨ī⟩, ⟨ï̄⟩, and ⟨ū⟩. In addition, the existing spelling variations are limited to specific kinds of words, namely: open-syllable words, loanwords, and function words, all of which are susceptible to variation in spelling. These findings attest to the existence of length contrast in Sukhothai Thai.
類型學視角下的粵語等比句
Authors: 黎 奕葆 
Published: July 2019

摘要
本文從類型學的視角下討論粵語的等比句，發現兩點值得特別注意。第一，粵語存在只用程度標記構成的等比句。這類等比句被認為不存在，不能歸入文獻提出的類型中。第二，粵語等比句在程度標記的使用上有其特色。本文比較粵語和普通話各類型的等比句，發現粵語使用較多程度標記，並傾向使用「那麼」型標記多於「一樣」型標記。
The Emergence of Mobile Pastoral Elites during the Middle to Late Holocene in the Sahara
Authors: Brass Michael 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Different emphases on ideological, socio-economic and technological changes have been brought to bear on the cultural variability made materially manifest in pre-Iron Age Saharan pastoral societies. The models have ranged from limited or no complexity before iron production to transient mobile elites across the Sahara, to socially complex communities from the mid-Holocene onwards in the Central Libyan Sahara, and to permanent elites with complex social structures. Here, ethnographic cultural variability is stressed, previous models detailed, and data for the Eastern and Central Sahara summarised and analysed. The emerging picture is of a mosaic of population movements, clustering and experimentation resulting in transient peaks of wealth and the potential for incipient social complexity to become temporarily or permanently manifest. Saharan social diversity serves as a warning against linear models and highlights the importance of an explanatory framework for investigating the evolution of social structures outside of permanently settled communities for North Africa.
Pop-up Mosques, Social Media Adhan, and the Making of Female and LGBTQ-Inclusive Imams
Authors: Petersen Jesper 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The last few decades have seen the appearance of a number of mosques that do not constitute buildings; they are mosques without bricks. This article therefore defines a new concept, the pop-up mosque, as an analytical term for the temporary conversion of an other-purposed space into a mosque, which is used for Islamic rituals such as Friday prayer and marriages. The pop-up mosque can produce religious leaders such as female imams and it thereby becomes the stage on which nonconformist discourses such as Islamic feminism are embodied and enacted. The article also investigates the relation between social media and the pop-up mosque and defines the concept of ‘social media adhan’ as a prayer call that goes out through various channels on the internet. The article is based on field work and interviews conducted primarily in Denmark, Germany and Switzerland.
DIY Preaching and Muslim Religious Authority
Authors: Stjernholm Simon 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article investigates how a particular type of Muslim preacher, here conceptualised as a ‘do-it-yourself (DIY) preacher’, can propagate for and elaborate on Islamic teachings outside of and supplementary to mosques. A variety of physical and media spaces are used to reach audiences, especially youth, with religious messages. The article uses an analytical lens of DIY media, generational differences, religious authority and organic intellectuals to argue that such initiatives are important not only as counter-cultural expressions in relation to the majority society, but also in negotiations and authority struggles within diverse Muslim populations. The specific case used in the analysis is that of a Swedish Muslim preacher’s publicly distributed oratory.
Mosques, Muslims, Methods: the Role of Mosques in Research about Muslims in Europe
Authors: Brekke Torkel , Kühle Lene , Larsson Göran , Martikainen Tuomas 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Previous research has questioned the use of mosques as points of entry for research about Muslims in Europe. Part of the background has been a new emphasis on lived religion and a critique of a one-sided focus on religious institutions. We argue that some of this criticism is theoretically ill-founded and we also point out that some trends may make mosques more important in research about Muslims. In section 1, we go through the most important literature addressing the methodological problems posed by using mosques in research about Muslims in the West. In section 2, we look at some of the fundamental problems of definitions in some of this critical methodological literature. In section 3, we discuss how the choice of methods, not least sampling modes, will be of significance for meaningful discussion about the appropriateness of using mosques in research, and in section 4, we present what we see as important advantages of using mosques as a point of entry to study Muslims. In section 5, we conclude with a brief summary and discussion.
Introduction: Nahḍah Narratives
Authors: Guardi Jolanda , Paniconi Maria Elena 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the last decade, the field of Nahḍah Studies has been gathering momentum. Scholars from different subject-areas have highlighted several aspects of the 19th–early 20th century cultural fervor in the Arab and south Mediterranean area. Accordingly, the whole set of Nahḍah narratives has been readdressed. By “Nahḍah narratives” we mean both the set of theoretical readings, definitions and views developed by the nahḍawī groundswell, itself and the metacritical narratives developed by international scholarship on the Arab Nahḍah.
In dialogue with the recent scholarship, the papers collected here represent a contribution in questioning the “Arab awakening”: their theoretical approaches, crossing comparative literature, literary analysis, history of ideas — achieve a broader understanding of the movement, dwelling especially on intersections with other disciplines and widening the research on the Nahḍah from the point of view of cultural production.
The focus on modern Arab journalism, theatre, translation, political essays, prose and poetry writing which characterizes this special issue of Oriente Moderno attempts at going beyond the critical perspectives of a Nahḍah molded on Euro-centric modernity, on a diffusionist model of text circulation and on a “retrospective” idea of a modernity-to-be.
Ḥammūd Ramaḍān: Modernity and Poetry in Algeria
Authors: Guardi Jolanda 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Starting from Pierre Bourdieu’s claim that “the impetus for change” — what I identify with modernity — “resides in the struggles that take place in the corresponding fields of production” (Bourdieu 1995: 81), and from a reading of literary texts I discussed elsewhere (Guardi 2016), in this paper I will present the life and work of Ḥammūd Ramaḍān (1906–1945). My aim is to highlight the “impetus for change” that occurred in the Algerian literary field long before 1962. Ḥammūd Ramaḍān, an Algerian poet and intellectual, thoroughly discussed the role of poetry in society and proposed new ways of writing in a changing era. He can be considered the first Arab poet who challenged the classic mode of Arabic language poetry in Algeria, and this happened before the emergence of the free verse movement in Iraq. His work will be analysed not only within the general framework of Arab modernity with the aim to provide a new definition of the Arab modernity’s canon, but also within the framework of Algerian literary production in Arabic.
My main focus will be on some of his theoretical writings, in which he urges his fellow poets and intellectuals to make fundamental changes in their use of language in poetry so as to get closer to society. Although well versed in classical Arabic and in the Arab-Muslim classical heritage, Ramaḍān sees all this not as a chain that keeps the poet tethered to the past, but as a springboard to jump into the future.
Muḏakkirāt fī l-siyāsah al-miṣriyyah: Nationalism and the Politics of Memory in 20th-Century Egypt
Authors: Romano Marina 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Despite the massive research carried out on Egyptian nationalism and its ideological premises in the first half of the 20th century, little is known on the copious political memoirs composed and published in the same period and on their contribution to the development of a nationalist discourse in its strict sense. Among these “political autobiographies”, the Muḏakkirāt fī l-siyāsah al-miṣriyyah (Memoirs on Egyptian Politics) by Muḥammad Ḥusayn Haykal played a crucial role in the dissemination of a shared sense of identity based on the nation-state. By performing the act of remembering, Haykal continually reshapes the boundaries of his community and questions the inner meaning and the long-term impact of concepts drawn from the liberal-democratic ideology, such as “freedom”, “justice”, “equality”, on the Egyptian system of government and socio-cultural context. This study will therefore attempt to unveil the ‘sense of community’ conveyed by Haykal’s political memoirs by following the theory of Benedict Anderson on the nation defined as an imagined community.
Walking Capital
Authors: Richardson Seth 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This contribution looks at Babylonian slaves and servants as they appear in 322 Old Babylonian letters. This corpus has not been used for this purpose before, and now reveals that the primary economic functions of slaves had to do with information and credit in an economic environment of mercantilism, rather than with labor in the agricultural sector. Cuneiform letters, rarely mentioning work, instead emphasized the independent movement of slaves, their delegation as proxies to their masters to conduct business, and their capacity to serve as collateral for loans. The analysis of this evidence permits a deeper look at the ethics of care and control that conditioned the relations of masters and slaves, and what we can now say about the personhood of slaves and servants.
Beyond the Return of Religion: Art and the Postsecular
Authors: Wijnia Lieke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBeyond the Return of Religion: Art and the Postsecular explores the conceptual potential of the postsecular for investigations of (late) modern art and religion. Indicating a public co-existence and merging of religion and the secular, the postsecular is approached as an alternative to the return of religion narrative. Rather than framing artistic concerns with religion as a recurrence after temporary absence, it is argued how the postsecular allows for seeing the interaction between art and religion as enduring, albeit transforming relationship of mutual nature. Whereas secularization theories are intrinsically connected to modernity, the postsecular requires a pluralized perspective, covering the processes of secularization, diversification, and spiritualization. The postsecular reinforces the interconnectedness of these processes, which are, in turn, embodied in the concept’s interdisciplinary nature. While this essay predominantly focuses on visual art and its institutional context of the museum, the postsecular has interdisciplinary relevance for broader artistic and academic disciplines.
Mongolian Vowel Harmony in a Eurasian Context
Authors: Barrere Ian G. , Janhunen Juha A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The paper discusses the controversy that has arisen concerning the origin and nature of vowel harmony in Mongolian, as well as in a number of other Eurasian languages. In contrast to the conventional understanding according to which Proto-Mongolic had a palatal-velar harmony of the same type as is attested in the Turkic and Uralic languages, it has been claimed recently that the harmony was actually of the tongue root type, involving, in particular, tongue root retraction in the pronunciation of certain vowels. However, while tongue root harmony is indeed prevalent in many modern Mongolic languages, including standard Mongolian, there are several arguments that can be made in support of the conventional reconstruction. There are serious reasons to assume that Mongolic has undergone a process of vowel rotation, which has turned the originally palatal-velar harmony to tongue root harmony. In this process the originally horizontally organized harmonic pairs have become verticalized. A typical result of the verticalization has been the rapid reduction of the original vowel paradigm as well as the development of new palatal vowels to complement the losses.
The Mongol Text of the Tyr Trilingual Inscription (1413): Some New Readings and Interpretations
Authors: Rykin Pavel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a new approach to reading the Preclassical Mongol inscription on the 1413 Tyr stele, now kept at Primorye State Museum named after V. K. Arsenyev (Vladivostok, Russia). The stele contains texts carved in three languages: Chinese, Jurchen, and Mongol. The Jurchen and Mongol texts are very close to each other in content, as well as in the grammatical structure of words and sentences. For this reason, some missing and previously illegible parts of the Mongol text can be reconstructed and read on the basis of the Jurchen version. Lines 2 and 3 of the Mongol inscription have already been discussed earlier in a separate publication. In the present paper, the same approach, combined with a careful investigation of all the existing photos and rubbings of the inscription, is extended to lines 4 to 9.1
Palliative care provision in long-term care facilities differs across Europe: Results of a cross-sectional study in six European countries (PACE)
Authors: ten Koppel Maud , Onwuteaka-Philipsen Bregje D , Van den Block Lieve , Deliens Luc , Gambassi Giovanni , Heymans Martijn W , Kylänen Marika , Oosterveld-Vlug Mariska G , Pasman H Roeline W , Payne Sheila , Smets Tinne , Szczerbińska Katarzyna , Twisk Jos WR , van der Steen Jenny T , Groote Zeger De , Mammarella Federica , Mercuri Martina , Pivodic Lara , Pac Agnieszka , Rossi Paola , Segat Ivan , Sowerby Eleanor , Stodolska Agata , van Hout Hein , Wichmann Anne , Adang Eddy , Andreasen Paula , Finne-Soveri Harriet , Collingridge Moore Danni , Froggatt Katherine , Kijowska Violetta , Van Den Noortgate Nele , Vernooij-Dassen Myrra 
Published: July 2019

Background: While the need for palliative care in long-term care facilities is growing, it is unknown whether palliative care in this setting is sufficiently developed. Aim: To describe and compare in six European countries palliative care provision in long-term care facilities and to assess associations between patient, facility and advance care planning factors and receipt and timing of palliative care. Design: Cross-sectional after-death survey regarding care provided to long-term care residents in Belgium, England, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands and Poland. Generalized estimating equations were used for analyses. Setting/participants: Nurses or care assistants who are most involved in care for the resident. Results: We included 1298 residents in 300 facilities, of whom a majority received palliative care in most countries (England: 72.6%–Belgium: 77.9%), except in Poland (14.0%) and Italy (32.1%). Palliative care typically started within 2 weeks before death and was often provided by the treating physician (England: 75%–the Netherlands: 98.8%). A palliative care specialist was frequently involved in Belgium and Poland (57.1% and 86.7%). Residents with cancer, dementia or a contact person in their record more often received palliative care, and it started earlier for residents with whom the nurse had spoken about treatments or the preferred course of care at the end of life. Conclusion: The late initiation of palliative care (especially when advance care planning is lacking) and palliative care for residents without cancer, dementia or closely involved relatives deserve attention in all countries. Diversity in palliative care organization might be related to different levels of its development.
Value of immune factors for monitoring risk of lung cancer in patients with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Li Ning , Hu Haisheng , Wu Ge , Sun Baoqing 
Published: July 2019

Objective Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) are at increased risk of developing lung cancer. We aimed to investigate the clinical significance of serum immune factors in this progression. Methods We retrospectively screened a hospital database from January 2012 to December 2016 for patients with lung cancer and ILD. We measured serum levels of C3, C4, IgA, IgG, IgM, C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin (CER), and rheumatoid factor in these patients and in healthy controls. Results We analyzed data for 262 patients with lung cancer, 220 with ILD, and 57 healthy controls. CER levels were significantly higher in patients with lung cancer (0.35 ± 0.10 g/L) compared with both ILD patients (0.31 ± 0.25 g/L) and healthy individuals (0.25 ± 0.04 g/L). C3 and C4 levels were both significantly higher in healthy individuals compared with patients with lung cancer (C3: 1.70 ± 0.29 vs 1.04 ± 0.26 g/L, C4: 0.27 ± 0.24 vs 0.24 ± 0.09 g/L) and ILD (C3: 1.70 ± 0.29 vs 0.97 ± 0.25 g/L, C4: 0.27 ± 0.24 vs 0.21 ± 0.09 g/L). Optimal scaling analysis demonstrated that lung cancer was closely associated with CRP, CER, C3, and C4. Conclusions Increased levels of CRP and CER and decreased levels of C3 and C4 may identify patients with ILD at high risk of developing lung cancer.
Chronic Central Pain Among Community-Dwelling Survivors of Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Quantitative Sensory Testing Study
Authors: Bouferguène Sabrina , Lapierre Alexandra , Houzé Bérengère , Rainville Pierre , Arbour Caroline 
Published: July 2019

Background: Central pain associated with changes in sensory thresholds is one of the most enduring consequences of major trauma. Yet it remains sparsely studied among community-dwelling survivors of moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Purpose: To describe and compare thermal and mechanical sensory thresholds in home-based patients with and without central pain after moderate-to-severe TBI with a cohort of healthy controls. Design: Cross-sectional. Method: Thresholds for cold/heat detection, thermal pain, touch, and distorted sensation were gathered using quantitative sensory testing (QST). QST was performed on the painful and contralateral pain-free body regions in TBI participants with pain (TBI-P) and on both forearms in TBI participants without pain (TBI-NP) and healthy controls (HC). Central pain was characterized using the Brief Pain Inventory–Short Form. Results: We tested 16 TBI-P patients, 17 TBI-NP patients, and 16 HC. Mean time since injury for TBI patients was 24 ± 15 months. TBI-P and TBI-NP patients showed significant loss in innocuous mechanical sensitivity compared to HC ( F = 18.929; Bonferroni-adjusted p ≤ .001). Right–left differences in cold pain sensations were significantly larger in TBI-P than in TBI-NP and HC participants ( F = 14.352; Bonferroni-adjusted p ≤ .001). Elevated heat sensitivity thresholds were also observed in TBI-P participants but remained within normal range. Conclusion: Damage to cutaneous mechanoreceptors is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the development of chronic central pain following TBI. Damage or incomplete recovery of cutaneous thermoreceptors may be a contributing factor to chronic pain after TBI.