bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asthma care coordination in schools by school nurses: An integrative literature review
Authors: Isik Elif , Isik Ismet S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this integrative literature review is to document and synthesize the available evidence on school nurse asthma care coordination challenges and explain the components of asthma care coordination/case management at schools.DesignThe Whittemore and Knafl guidelines were followed for this integrative literature review.SampleTwelve diverse primary sources—one qualitative study, eight quantitative studies, and three mixed‐method studies—were used for the review.MeasurementsData were analyzed using the matrix method.ResultsA total of 12 papers met the inclusion criteria. The initial group categorization was based on variables, patterns, and conceptual classification. Results were divided into two categorizations of asthma care coordination program components and asthma care coordination challenges at schools; subthemes were identified under the categorizations.ConclusionsThe results showed that care coordination was key for students with chronic diseases including asthma. Asthma care coordination has many challenges, but school nurses can drive effective asthma care by including the essential components of care coordination. Successful asthma care coordination may prevent health care fragmentation, emergency room visits, hospitalization, and school absenteeism, and can increase asthma knowledge and the quality of life for students and parents.
Unexplained inflammation in end‐stage kidney disease: Is the combination of enhanced gastrointestinal permeability and reticuloendothelial dysfunction its cause?
Authors: Swift Oscar , Vilar Enric , Farrington Ken 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUnexplained chronic inflammation is prevalent in end‐stage kidney disease, and contributes toward accelerated cardiovascular disease, and premature death. The source of inflammation is unclear, although increased gastrointestinal permeability is a likely contributory factor. Whether a “leaky” gut leads to penetration of the systemic circulation by gut‐derived pathogens is at least partly dependent on Kupffer cell function. These resident liver macrophages are an important part of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), and there is evidence for Kupffer cell and reticuloendothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease. These observations are compatible with the inflammatory milieu of chronic kidney disease being of gut origin. Measuring gut permeability in chronic kidney disease is challenging. Use of fecal biomarkers and other novel serum biomarkers represent potential alternative tools. One such marker is (1‐3)‐Beta‐D‐glucan, a polysaccharide constituent of many fungal, bacterial, and plant cell walls; levels of (1‐3)‐Beta‐D‐glucan are elevated in hemodialysis patients. Gastrointestinal permeability and impaired removal by the RES may contribute to these high levels, suggesting potential importance as a biomarker. High levels of (1‐3)‐Beta‐D‐glucan also falsely elevate endotoxin measurements. Measuring the contribution of gastrointestinal permeability and RES dysfunction to systemic inflammation may be an important step in designing therapies to reduce systemic inflammation in chronic kidney disease.
Short‐term cycling restores endothelial dysfunction after resistance exercise
Authors: Morishima Takuma , Iemitsu Motoyuki , Ochi Eisuke 
Published: April 2019

Resistance exercise impairs endothelial function. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to devise an effective strategy for restoring endothelial function after resistance exercise. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that resistance exercise‐induced endothelial dysfunction would be restored by low‐to‐moderate intensity cycling. Seventeen young healthy subjects completed two randomized experimental trials: (a) resistance exercise only trial; and (b) cycling after the resistance exercise trial. Following baseline brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), subjects performed the resistance exercise. Following the resistance exercise, they were asked to rest in the supine position for the assessments of FMD. Subjects in the resistance exercise only trial maintained this supine position for 60 minutes, whereas those in the other trial cycled for 10 minutes after the resistance exercise trial. Subjects were again asked to rest in the supine position after cycling. Then FMD were repeated at 30 and 60 minutes after the resistance exercise in both trials. In the resistance exercise only trial, the increased blood flow and shear rate were disappeared after 1 hour of resting in the supine position, but were maintained in those in the cycling after the resistance trial due to subsequent cycling. Both trials caused a significant impairment in FMD at 10 minutes after the resistance exercise (P < 0.05). This decline was sustained for 60 minutes in the resistance exercise only trial. However, the impaired FMD was restored in the cycling after the resistance exercise trial. In conclusion, impaired endothelial function after the resistance exercise can be restored with 10 minutes of low‐to‐moderate intensity cycling.
Thermal annealing characteristics of fission tracks in natural zircons of different ages
Authors: Tagami Takahiro , Matsu'ura Shunsuke 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFission track (FT) thermochronometry using zircon has widely been applied to the resolution of a variety of geologic problems, for which the understanding of FT annealing behaviour is essential. Thermal annealing experiments were conducted on FTs in natural zircons having different ages (ranging from ~0.6 to ~70 Ma) and radiation damage levels. We measured horizontal confined track lengths on nine zircon concentrates separated from rapidly cooled volcanic rocks, after 1 hr annealing at 400–700°C. As the annealing temperature increases, the observed tracks show a consistent and systematic length reduction in all samples, and the mean track lengths are hardly distinguishable among the nine samples for the same annealing step. Our results suggest that the thermal annealing characteristics at laboratory time‐scale are concordant among the zircons, regardless of their ages, and that identical annealing kinetics may work for Late Mesozoic to Cenozoic zircons.
Anti‐HBc screening – is it worth the effort? Results of a 10‐year surveillance programme covering more than 30 million donations in Germany
Authors: Houareau Claudia , Offergeld Ruth 
Published: April 2019

Background and ObjectivesAntibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) testing were added to hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg) screening in Germany in 2006 to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmissions by chronically infected donors. We report the results of a national surveillance of anti‐HBc‐reactive and HBsAg‐negative donations and assess the resulting gain in blood safety and the donor loss.Materials and MethodsDonations were tested for anti‐HBc, and if reactive, by sensitive individual donation nucleic acid testing (ID‐NAT) and for antibodies to HBsAg (anti‐HBs). Data from the national anti‐HBc surveillance from 2006 to 2015 determined the proportion of anti‐HBc‐reactive donations stratified for donor type, sex, anti‐HBs concentration and NAT‐positivity. Donor loss due to anti‐HBc‐reactive results was quantified.ResultsOf 31 562 556 donations screened, 70 671 were anti‐HBc reactive but HBsAg negative (0.22%). The proportion of repeat donors with these test results decreased significantly from 0.25% in 2007 to 0.08% in 2015. In the entire study period, 82 HBV‐NAT‐positive donations were identified. Of these, 47 donations were only identified by ID‐NAT. A total of 54 203 anti‐HBc‐reactive units were discarded either due to possible infectiousness (NAT positive or anti‐HBs concentration <100 IU/l) or because no further testing was performed.ConclusionAnti‐HBc screening has improved blood safety in Germany. HBV‐NAT‐positive donations were identified after ID‐NAT was triggered by the initial reactive anti‐HBc result. The observed loss of donations was sustainable for maintaining an adequate blood supply in Germany.
Cold storage of porcine hepatocyte spheroids for spheroid bioartificial liver
Authors: Li Yi , Chen Harvey S. , Shaheen Mohammed , Joo Dong Jin , Amiot Bruce P. , Rinaldo Piero , Nyberg Scott L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsCell‐based therapies for liver disease such as bioartificial liver rely on a large quantity and high quality of hepatocytes. Cold storage was previously shown to be a better way to preserve the viability and functionality of hepatocytes during transportation rather than freezing, but this was only proved at a lower density of rat hepatocytes spheroids. The purpose of this study was to optimize conditions for cold storage of high density of primary porcine hepatocyte spheroids.MethodsPorcine hepatocytes were isolated by a three‐step perfusion method; hepatocyte spheroids were formed by a 24 hours rocked culture technique. Hepatocyte cell density was 5 × 106/mL in 1000 mL spheroid forming medium. Spheroids were then maintained in rocked culture at 37°C (control condition) or cold stored at 4°C for 24, 48 or 72 hours in four different cold storage solutions: histidine‐tryptophan‐ketoglutarate (HTK) alone; HTK + 1 mM deferoxamine (DEF); HTK + 5 mM N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC); and HTK + 1 mM DEF + 5 mM NAC. The viability, ammonia clearance, albumin production, gene expression, and functional activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes were measured after recovery from the cold storage.ResultsIn this study, we observed that cold‐induced injury was reduced by the addition of the iron chelator. Viability of HTK + DEF group hepatocyte spheroids was increased compared with other cold storage groups (P < 0.05). Performance metrics of porcine hepatocyte spheroids cold stored for 24 hours were similar to those in control conditions. The hepatocyte spheroids in control conditions started to lose their ability to clear ammonia while production of albumin was still active at 48 and 72 hours (P < 0.05). In contrast, the viability and functionality of hepatocyte spheroids including ammonia clearance and albumin secretion were preserved in HTK + DEF group at both 48‐ and 72‐hour time points (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe beneficial effects of HTK supplemented with DEF were more obvious after cold storage of high density of porcine hepatocyte spheroids for 72 hours. The porcine hepatocyte spheroids were above the cutoff criteria for use in a spheroid‐based bioartificial liver.
To Grow or Not to Grow: Strategy Development at PGC Basketball
Authors: Wigfield Daniel , Snelgrove Ryan , Potwarka Luke R. , Misener Katie , Wood Laura 
Published: April 2019

Mano Watsa, President of Point Guard College (PGC) Basketball, is contemplating the next direction to take his organization. His co-owner, Nicole, is adamant that the next five years should be focused on growing PGC Basketball. Like Nicole, Mano would love to see PGC Basketball continue to grow; however, he is skeptical about focusing on growth when the organization is facing some significant challenges. Specifically, PGC Basketball is faced with a low athlete annual retention rate (i.e., 20%) and camps in some regions operating below 70% capacity. In addition, Mano recognizes that PGC Basketball has issues achieving consistency within their operations to ensure quality control, promoting their summer camps within all the markets they serve, as well as attracting and retaining top talent to work as camp instructors. Mano must determine the best strategy to implement for PGC Basketball to continue its success over the next five years.
Recognizing long-runout pyroclastic flow deposits using paleomagnetism of ash
Authors: Lerner Geoffrey A. , Cronin Shane J. , Turner Gillian M. , Piispa Elisa J. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Quantifying the spread of >600 °C pyroclastic flows (more broadly termed pyroclastic density currents—PDCs) is important because they regularly cause major volcanic catastrophes. Far from volcanic flanks, non-welded PDC deposits can be difficult to distinguish from cold-emplaced volcano-sedimentary units. A key indicator of high temperature is the coherence of magnetic remanence among different lithic clasts in a deposit. In long-runout PDCs, distal deposits are dominated by ash particles (<2 mm diameter), often lacking clasts large enough for conventional paleomagnetic sampling. Here we demonstrate a method of consolidating and sampling oriented blocks of friable ash material with a strengthening compound. This method was used to show that a >25 km runout mass-flow deposit from the 2518-m-high Mt. Taranaki (New Zealand) was emplaced as a hot PDC, contrary to an earlier cold lahar interpretation. We corroborate the results from ash with data from clast samples at some sites and show that the matrix was emplaced at temperatures of at least 250 °C, while clasts were deposited at up to 410 °C. Our case-study raises concerns for hazard-identification at stratovolcanoes worldwide. In the Mt. Taranaki case we demonstrate that PDCs traveled >9 km farther than previously estimated—also well beyond the “normal” PDC hazard zones at stratovolcanoes (10 or 15 km from source). Thus, attention should be paid to deposits in the 15–25 km range in other volcanic settings, where large populations are potentially unaware of PDC risk.
Incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men receiving steroid 5α-reductase inhibitors: population based cohort study
Authors: Wei Li , Lai Edward Chia-Cheng , Kao-Yang Yea-Huei , Walker Brian R , MacDonald Thomas M , Andrew Ruth 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus in men receiving steroid 5α-reductase inhibitors (dutasteride or finasteride) for long term treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.DesignPopulation based cohort study.SettingUK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD; 2003-14) and Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD; 2002-12).ParticipantsMen in the CPRD who received dutasteride (n=8231), finasteride (n=30 774), or tamsulosin (n=16 270) were evaluated. Propensity score matching (2:1; dutasteride to finasteride or tamsulosin) produced cohorts of 2090, 3445, and 4018, respectively. In the NHIRD, initial numbers were 1251 (dutasteride), 4194 (finasteride), and 86 263 (tamsulosin), reducing to 1251, 2445, and 2502, respectively, after propensity score matching.Main outcomes measureIncident type 2 diabetes using a Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsIn the CPRD, 2081 new onset type 2 diabetes events (368 dutasteride, 1207 finasteride, and 506 tamsulosin) were recorded during a mean follow-up time of 5.2 years (SD 3.1 years). The event rate per 10 000 person years was 76.2 (95% confidence interval 68.4 to 84.0) for dutasteride, 76.6 (72.3 to 80.9) for finasteride, and 60.3 (55.1 to 65.5) for tamsulosin. There was a modest increased risk of type 2 diabetes for dutasteride (adjusted hazard ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.61) and finasteride (1.26, 1.10 to 1.45) compared with tamsulosin. Results for the NHIRD were consistent with the findings for the CPRD (adjusted hazard ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 1.54 for dutasteride, and 1.49, 1.38 to 1.61 for finasteride compared with tamsulosin). Propensity score matched analyses showed similar results.ConclusionsThe risk of developing new onset type 2 diabetes appears to be higher in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia exposed to 5α-reductase inhibitors than in men receiving tamsulosin, but did not differ between men receiving dutasteride and those receiving finasteride. Additional monitoring might be required for men starting these drugs, particularly in those with other risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
Improving rates of ferrous sulfate prescription for suspected iron deficiency anaemia in infants
Authors: Rea Corinna J , Bottino Clement , Chan Yuen Jenny , Conroy Kathleen , Cox Joanne , Epee-Bounya Alexandra , Kamalia Radhika , Meleedy-Rey Patricia , Pethe Kalpana , Samuels Ronald , Schubert Pamela , Starmer Amy J 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundIron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in infancy is prevalent and associated with impaired neurodevelopment; however, studies suggest that treatment and follow-up rates are poor.ObjectivesTo improve the rate of ferrous sulfate prescription for suspected IDA among infants aged 8–13 months to 75% or greater within 24 months.MethodsWe implemented a multidisciplinary process improvement effort aimed at standardising treatment for suspected IDA at two academic paediatric primary care clinics. We developed a clinical pathway with screening and treatment recommendations, followed by multiple plan-do-study-act cycles including provider education, targeted reminders when ferrous sulfate was not prescribed and development of standardised procedures for responding to abnormal lab values. We tracked prescription and screening rates using statistical process control charts. In post hoc analyses, we examined rates of haemoglobin (Hgb) recheck and normalisation for the preintervention versus postintervention groups.ResultsThe prescription rate for suspected IDA increased from 41% to 78% following implementation of the intervention. Common reasons for treatment failure included prescription of a multivitamin instead of ferrous sulfate, and Hgb not flagged as low by the electronic medical record. Screening rates remained stable at 89%. Forty-one per cent of patients with anaemia in the preintervention group had their Hgb rechecked within 6 months, compared with 56% in the postintervention group (p<0.001). Furthermore, 30% of patients with anaemia in the postintervention group had normalised their Hgb by 6 months, compared with 20% in the preintervention group (p<0.05).ConclusionsA multipronged interdisciplinary quality improvement intervention enabled: (1) development of standardised practices for treating suspected IDA among infants aged 8–13 months, (2) improvement of prescription rates and (3) maintenance of high screening rates. Rates of Hgb recheck and normalisation also increased in the intervention period.​
Direct oral anticoagulation and mortality in moderate to high-risk atrial fibrillation
Authors: Arbel Ronen , Sergienko Ruslan , Hammerman Ariel , Dotan-Greenberg Sari , Batat Erez , Avnery Orly , Greenberg Dan , Ellis Martin H 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveAlthough direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are the recommended antithrombotic therapy for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), anticoagulation in patients with NVAF is still inadequate. The effect of withholding DOAC therapy on patient survival is unknown. Therefore, our objective was to compare all-cause mortality rates between DOAC-treated patients with NVAF and similar patients receiving no anticoagulation.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study analysing Clalit Health Services’ extensive electronic database, regarding all newly diagnosed, anticoagulant-naïve patients with NVAF who were eligible for DOAC therapy from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2016. Patients who received DOAC therapy were matched by propensity scoring to patients receiving no anticoagulation. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Final patient follow-up date was 15 May 2017.Results18 901 eligible patients were identified. 8298 received treatment with a DOAC and 10 603 received no anticoagulation therapy. Of those, 5657 patients who received DOAC therapy were matched with 5657 patients who did not receive any anticoagulant. Death occurred in 715 patients in the DOAC-treated group (7.6% per year) and in 2075 patients in the non-anticoagulated patient group (11.1% per year). DOAC therapy was associated with significantly lower risk for all-cause mortality (HR=0.69, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.75, p<0.001). The benefit of DOAC therapy was demonstrated across all subgroups analysed.ConclusionsIn this cohort of newly diagnosed patients with NVAF, DOAC therapy was associated with a significantly lower risk of death compared with no oral anticoagulation. Our findings provide further evidence for the importance of providing DOAC anticoagulation in patients with NVAF.
Accelerator physics design in the interaction region for CEPC double ring scheme
Authors: Bai Sha , Yu Chenghui , Wang Yiwei , Zhu Yingshun , Gao Jie 
Published: April 2019

With the discovery of the Higgs boson at around 125 GeV, a circular Higgs factory design with high luminosity [Formula: see text] is becoming more popular in the accelerator world. The CEPC project in China is one of them. Machine Detector Interface (MDI) is the key research area in electron–positron colliders, especially in CEPC; it is one of the criteria to measure the accelerator and detector design performance. Because of the limited space available in the designed tunnel, many equipment including magnets, beam diagnostic instruments, masks, vacuum pumps, and components of the detector must coexist in a very small region. In this paper, some important MDI issues will be reported for the Interaction Region (IR) design, e.g. the final doublet quadrupoles physics design parameters, beam-stay-clear region and beam pipe, synchrotron radiation power and critical energy are also calculated.
CEPC Linac design
Authors: Meng Cai , Zhang Jingru , Li Xiaoping , Pei Guoxi , Wang Dou , Pei Shilun , Gao Jie , Chi Yunlong 
Published: April 2019

The Circular Electron–Positron Collider (CEPC) is a 100-km ring [Formula: see text] collider for a Higgs factory. The injector of CEPC is composed of Linac and Booster. The Linac is a normal conducting S-band Linac with a frequency of 2860 MHz; it provides electron and positron beams at an energy of up to 10 GeV with 100 Hz repetition frequency of 100 Hz. The Linac design and dynamic simulation results are discussed in detail in this paper, including electron bunching system, positron source, electron bypass transport line, damping ring and main Linacs.
Design of CEPC superconducting RF system
Authors: Zhai Jiyuan , Gong Dianjun , Zheng Hongjuan , Sha Peng , Ma Qiang , Mi Zhenghui , Han Ruixiong , Meng Fanbo , Liu Baiqi , Gao Jie , Chi Yunlong 
Published: April 2019

CEPC is a 100-km double-ring circular electron–positron collider operating at 90–240 GeV center-of-mass energy of Z-pole, WW-pair production threshold and Higgs resonance. The conceptual design report (CDR) of CEPC has been published as an important step to move the project forward. The superconducting RF (SRF) system is one of the most important and challenging accelerator systems due to the wide range of beam energy and current. In this paper, the layout, parameters and configuration of the superconducting RF system for the CEPC collider ring will be introduced. Issues of beam cavity interactions including transient beam loading and coupled-bunch instabilities of accelerating mode are discussed.