bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERISTIC OF RARE EARTH ELEMENT IN SEDIMENT AT COASTAL AND OFFSHORE AREA OF KUNDUR ISLAND, RIAU PROVINCE
Authors: Setiady Deny , Lugra I Wayan 
Published: October 2018

The study area is located at coastal and offshore Kundur and Adjacent Area, geographically located at coordinates of 0Âº 39'00 "0Âº 50'00" N and 103Âº 10'00 "103Âº 25 '00" S. Rare earth elements are found in seven seafloor surfacial sediment and 3 core samples are Cerium (15.41 to 16.88 ppm), Lanthanum (5.40 to 6.80 ppm), Ytrium (5.18 to 5, 58 ppm), Zirconium (5.05 to 5.95 ppm) and Neodymium 20.25 to 20.95 ppm). The minerals that containing of rare earth elements at the study area are apatite, zircon, monazite, and pyrochlore and xenotime. Seafloor surfacial sediment at Kundur are composed by silt (Z), sandy silt (sZ), sandy gravel, mud and sand. Silt unit covering nearly 55% of the study area and followed by sandy gravel, sand, silt and sandy silt. Seafloor morphology varies those are flat morphology with gradually depth changes and a regularly shaped identation curves and holes likely a result of sand mining. Coastal characteristics consists of: sandy and muddy beach. Sandy beach has medium relief (5Â° - 8Â°), composed by medium to coarse sand, brownish yellow. The muddy beach has low relief (1Â° - 5Â°) where the edges of the beach is mangroves planted by the local peoples. Key words : rare earth elements, seabed sediments, sea floor morphology, and Kundur Island Daerah penelitian terletak di kawasan pantai dan lepas pantai perairan Pulau Kundur dan Sekitarnya. Secara geografis terletak pada koordinat 0Âº 39â€™00â€ - 0Âº 50'00â€ LU dan 103Âº 10'00â€- 103Âº 35' 00â€BT. Mineral di daerah penelitian yang mengandung unsur tanah jarang adalah mineral apatit, zirkon, monazit, dan mineral pyrochlore. Unsur tanah jarang yang dijumpai pada tujuh contoh sedimen permukaan dasar laut dan 3 contoh bor inti adalah Cerium (15,41 â€“ 16,88 ppm), Lanthanum (5,40 â€“ 6,80 ppm), Ytrium (5,18-5,58 ppm), Zirkonium ( 5,05-5,95 ppm) dan Neodimium 20,25 â€“ 20,95 ppm). Sedimen permukaan dasar laut di perairan Kundur tersusun oleh lanau (Z), lanau pasiran (sZ), kerikil pasiran, lumpur dan pasir. Satuan lanau menutupi hampir 55% dari seluruh daerah penelitian diikuti oleh krikil pasiran , pasir, lumpur dan lanau pasiran. Morfologi permukaan dasar laut sangat bervariasi ada yang landai dengan perubahan kedalaman yang teratur ada juga yang berbentuk lekukan lekukan dan lubang lubang besar kemungkinan akibat dari penambangan pasir. Karakteristik pantainya terdiri dari : pantai berpasir dan pantai berlumpur. Â Pantai berpasir, berelief sedang (5Â° - 8Â°), tersusun oleh pasir ukuran butir sedang sampai kasar, berwarna kuning kecoklatan. Pantai berlumpur berelief rendah berkisar antaraÂ (1Â° - 5Â°) dimana pada bagian tepinya ditanami bakau oleh penduduk setempat. Kata kunci: unsur tanah jarang, sedimen permukaan dasar laut, morfologi permukaan dasar laut, dan Pulau Kundur
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF SEISMIC IMAGE FROM 2D PSDM (PRE STACK DEPTH MIGRATION) USING TOMOGRAPHY FOR INTERVAL VELOCITY MODEL REFINEMENT
Authors: Timotius Hagayudha , Firdaus Yulinar 
Published: October 2018

The main goal of seismic exploration is to get an accurate image of subsurface section so it can be easily interpreted. Pre Stack Depth Migration (PSDM) is such a powerful imaging tool especially for complex area such an area where strong lateral velocity variations exist. The main challenge of PSDM is the need of accurate interval velocity model.In this research, Dix Transformation, coherency inversion, and tomography are used for initial interval velocity model, and then tomography is used for interval velocity model refinement. We compare also between seismic image resulted from PSDM and PSTM to determine the best method. The seismic data that processed in this paper is derived from north western part of Australian Waters. Kata kunci: Pre Stack Depth Migration, Dix Transformation, coherency inversion, tomography. Tujuan utama dari eksplorasi seismik adalah menghasilkan citra yang akurat dari penampang bawah permukaan sehingga diinterpretasi lebih mudah. Pre Stack Depth Migration (PSDM) merupakan suatu metode yang memberikan hasil peningkatan kualitas citra seismik pada daerah kompleks dimana terjadi variasi kecepatan lateral yang signifikan. Salah satu syarat penting yang harus dipenuhi agar hasil PSDM lebih optimal adalah model kecepatan interval yang akurat. Dalam penelitian ini Transformasi Dix, inversi koheren, dan tomografi digunakan untuk memenuhi syarat tersebut. Perbandingan hasil penampang seimik PSDM dan PSTM dilakukan untuk menentukan metode terbaik. Data seismik yang diolah dalam tulisan ini berasal dari wilayah Perairan Baratlaut Australia. Kata kunci: Pre Stack Depth Migration, Transformasi Dix, inversi koheren, tomografi
SISTEMA DE ABREVIATURAS NO CÓDICE 132 DO ARQUIVO DO MOSTEIRO DE SÃO BENTO DA BAHIA
Authors: Magalhães Rafael Marques Ferreira Barbosa , Lose Alícia Duhá 
Published: October 2018

As abreviaturas são consideradas por diversos autores como uma das principaisdificuldades para a leitura e transcrição de documentos antigos, sendo tema dediversos trabalhos e sendo tratada pela maioria absoluta dos manuais de Paleografia. A abreviação consiste em representar uma palavra de forma encurtada, seja removendo elementos de seu interior ou utilizando de sinais e elementos gráficos para a representar ou substituir. O Códice 132 do Arquivo do Mosteiro de São Bento da Bahia é um manuscrito do século XVIII, adquirido em Portugal e doado ao Mosteiro de São Bento da Bahia por Cláudio de Britto Reis, advogado baiano autor de diversos livros sobre o Marquês de Pombal; o manuscrito apresenta com riqueza de detalhes questões relacionadas à ascensão política de Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello, a administração do Império Português e aos feitos que se tornaram conhecidos como as Reformas Pombalinas. Mediante a riqueza de abreviaturas presentes nesse documento, foi feita a identificação e a classificação de todas as abreviaturas de acordo com a proposta de Maurice Prou.Palavras-chave: Abreviaturas. Sistema de abreviaturas. Códice 132 do Arquivo do Mosteiro de São Bento da Bahia.
The Comparison of Metronidazole, Clindamycin, and Amoxicillin Againts Streptococcus sanguinis
Authors: Lim Kevin , Widyarman Armelia Sari 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Viridans streptococci group such as Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis), an anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria is a well-known for its involvement in dry socket (alveolar osteitis)-associated infection. Systemic amoxicillin, clindamycin and metronidazole have all been shown to be effective to inhibit this bacterium. However, there has been a lack of studies identifying which are the most effective amongst these antibiotics toward Streptococcus sanguinis.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of metronidazole, clindamycin, and amoxicillin in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis in vitro.

Methods: This effectiveness was done by using agar well diffusion methods. S. sanguinis ATCC 10556 were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth at 37°C under anaerobic condition. After 48h, bacterial cells were harvested and counted using microplate reader (490 nm) to achieve optical density of 0.25-0.30 (107 CFU/mL). Subsequently, 100 μL of bacterial suspension was cultured on BHI agar and each antibiotic suspension was added into each agar well, incubated for 72h at 37°C. The inhibition zone diameters were measured with electronic caliper. All experiments were done in triplicate, and repeated two times in separated occasions. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. A p<0.05 was considered as significance.

Result: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the effectiveness, clindamycin and amoxicillin in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis (p<0.05), compared to metronidazole. The inhibition zone diameter with mean±SD (mm) are 13.50±2.0, 34.67±2.3 and 32.67±1.7 for metronidazole, clindamycin and amoxicillin, respectively.

Conclusion: Clindamycin and amoxicillin are more effective in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis compared to metronidazole in this study. However, future studies are needed to confirm this result in vivo.
THE APOTHEOSIS OF SITI KHOTIJAH: ISLAM AND MUSLIMS IN A BALINESE GALACTIC POLITY
Authors: Woodward Mark 
Published: October 2018

This article seeks to describe the way in which Gusti Ayu Made Rai, an eighteenth-century Balinese princess from Badung became Raden Ayu Siti Khotijah, one Indonesia’s few widely recognized female Muslim saints. In so doing I develop an alternative reading of the dynamics of the history of religion in Bali, countering the common view that it is a static monolithically Hindu tradition. Rather than turning inward as the surrounding areas embraced Islam, Balinese kingdoms sought to include Muslims and elements of Islam in scared narratives and geographies. Two distinct theoretical approaches are used in this analysis: the structural approach to indigenous Southeast Asian states pioneered by Robert Heine-Geldern in the early decades of the twentieth century and the performative approach to ritual studies developed by Victor Turner in the 1970s.
« Nos révélations sont vraies »
Authors: Rivoire Jean-Baptiste , Lamloum Olfa 
Published: October 2018

Début novembre 2002, Canal plus 90 minutes , magazine d’investigation, diffuse la première enquête approfondie menée par deux journalistes français, Jean-Baptiste Rivoire et Romain Icard, sur les attentats perpétrés à Paris en 1995 et attribués au gia . Les conclusions d’« Attentats de Paris, enquête sur les commanditaires » 1 sont édifiantes. A l’issue d’un travail d’investigation de plus de deux ans et à travers une vingtaine d’entretiens inédits avec des acteurs algériens et français, les deux journalistes affirment que les « Groupes islamistes armés » sont depuis 1994 directement guidés par le Département de renseignement et de sécurité ( drs , l’ex-Sécurité militaire). Un film salutaire, dira Pierre Vidal-Naquet, « qui n’est qu’une étape dans la recherche de la vérité » 2 . Confluences a rencontré Jean-Baptiste Rivoire, journaliste et co-auteur de ce documentaire.
La révolte de Kabylie ou l’histoire d’un gachis
Authors: Temlali Yassin 
Published: October 2018

Le 19 avril 2001, un jeune Algérien, Guermah Massinissa, mourait, atteint par une rafale de mitraillette dans les locaux de la gendarmerie à Beni Douala, en Grande-Kabylie. L’événement aurait pu n’être qu’un « fait divers » à inscrire au riche registre des bavures policières. Il n’en a pas été ainsi. La maladresse de la communication officielle aidant 1 , la mort de Guermah Massinissa a déclenché en Kabylie un tourbillon d’émeutes et de répression. Elle a fait déborder le vase d’une colère populaire dont une répétition miniature avait été les manifestations qui ont suivi l’assassinat du chanteur Matoub Lounès le 25 juin 1998. Partie de Beni Douala, la révolte s’est étendue à toute la Kabylie. Elle a eu aussitôt un puissant écho dans les autres régions, malgré une insidieuse propagande tendant à donner du massif kabyle l’image d’un éternel foyer sécessionniste.
Les réseaux au pouvoir
Authors: Benderra Omar 
Published: October 2018

Depuis le coup d’Etat militaire du 11 janvier 1992, les centres de décisions effectifs en Algérie s’articulent exclusivement autour du haut commandement de l’armée et des services de sécurité. Le groupe restreint d’officiers supérieurs qui détient le pouvoir est constitué des responsables au plus haut niveau de l’armée et d’un nombre très réduit de généraux « à la retraite ». De fait, le coup d’Etat, en plaçant l’Algérie sous des lois d’exception, a asservi l’autorité civile – Président de la République, Assemblée, appareil judiciaire…– aux centres de décision militaires. Le contrôle de toute activité politique, économique ou sociale est exercé par des polices militaires, ne dépendant que des généraux qui les dirigent et de l’état-major de l’armée. Le rééchelonnement de la dette en 1994 a participé à la transformation de l’organisation du système politique algérien. En effet, la mise sous tutelle du fmi de l’économie marque l’abandon effectif et durable des prérogatives de puissance publique en termes de gestion économique, fiscale ou monétaire.
Libéralisation économique et privatisations
Authors: Abderrezak Adel 
Published: October 2018

La période « socialiste » qui a, durant plus d’une décennie, conjugué industrialisation et populisme, n’est plus qu’un lointain souvenir. La bureaucratie dirigeante qui a construit son pouvoir et ses intérêts sur la politique du « tout Etat » est confrontée à une crise économique sans précédent doublée d’un déficit de légitimité croissant sur le plan politique. C’est dans ce contexte très instable et très confus qu’un noyau de réformateurs s’est cristallisé au sein des appareils d’Etat autour d’un projet économique et politique caractérisé essentiellement par le souci de mettre fin aux monopoles étatiques, de soustraire l’économique au pouvoir d’Etat et d’asseoir une démocratie pluraliste et un Etat de droit qui « libérerait » la société civile. Déroulement, enjeux et conséquences…
La vie associative
Authors: Rulleau Claudine 
Published: October 2018

La vie associative en Algérie est assez jeune : c’est la constitution du 23 février 1989 qui ouvre la porte et avant même la parution des décrets d’application et de la loi du 4 décembre 1990 relative aux associations, c’est l’explosion sur un double plan : celui des « associations » - partis politiques et celui des associations au sens large du terme…
Et si cela n’était qu’un rêve ?
Authors: Zémor Michèle 
Published: October 2018

Du 28 janvier au 3 février 2003 une douzaine d’éminentes personnalités françaises (Raymond Aubrac, Kenneth Brown, Suzanne et Mathieu de Brunhoff, Sacha Goldman, Stéphane et Christiane Hessel, Martin Hirsch, Jean-Jacques Salomon, Abraham Ségal, Gérard Toulouse, Annick Suzor-Weiner, Michèle Zémor) sont allées dans les territoires palestiniens et en Israël pour tenter de mieux comprendre la situation sur le terrain. Elles ont rencontré des responsables palestiniens et des militants israéliens du camp de la paix. A leur retour, à travers quelques interviews et une conférence organisée à Paris par l’association « Trop, c’est trop », elles ont raconté de ce qu’elles avaient vu sur place. Il nous a paru important de publier deux de ces témoignages.
Ni putes ni soumises
Authors: Orain Hélène , Dhoquois-Cohen Régine 
Published: October 2018

Lorsque ce numéro de Confluences paraîtra, la « Marche des femmes des quartiers contre les ghettos et pour l’égalité », qui s’est déroulée en France du 1 er février au 8 mars 2OO3, sera terminée, mais pas leur combat ni celui des femmes et des hommes qui les soutiennent. Nous avons demandé à l’une des militantes de la Fédération des Maisons des potes, Hélène Orain, qui a participé aux Etats généraux et à l’organisation de la Marche de répondre à quelques questions à propos de ce mouvement.
Je ne parle pas la langue de mon père
Authors: Sebbar Leïla , Dana Catherine 
Published: October 2018

Je ne parle pas la langue de mon père , titre du nouveau livre de Leïla Sebbar (Julliard, 2003) résonne comme un appel ; il est le point de départ d’une émouvante méditation sur les racines doublée d’un voyage dans le temps et l’espace qui veut faire la lumière sur un passé que le père n’a jamais voulu remuer. L’auteur raconte ici la longue naissance de ce livre.
Dispersive Liquid—Liquid Microextraction Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop Combined with High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Analysis of 15 Phthalates in Water
Authors: Yang Danni , Yang Yi , Li Yongxin , Yin Shuo , Chen Yaling , Wang Jiamin , Xiao Jiangyu , Sun Chengjun 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background: Consistent toxicological evidence indicate that phthalates can cause adverse effects on human health. The concern over phthalate pollution and exposure has been emphasized in recent years. Therefore, the sensitive, reliable, and rapid detection of phthalates in water is of great importance. Objective: In this study, dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet (DLLME-SFO) combined with HPLC-UV detection was established and applied in the preconcentration and detection of 15 phthalates in drinking and river water samples. Methods: A mixture of acetonitrile (dispersant) and 1-dodecanol (extractant) was injected into water samples, which had been added with sodium chloride. The cloudy solution was formed by hand-shaking. After centrifugation, the sample solution was cooled in a refrigerator, and the solidified organic droplet was collected. It melted at room temperature and was injected into the HPLC system for analysis. The quantification was based on the working curves. Results: Under optimum conditions, this method showed good linearity in the range of 0.1–100 or 0.5–100 μg/L with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The method had the LODs ranging from 0.013 to 0.16 μg/L with the enrichment factors of 102–218. The recoveries of the method ranged from 86.8 to 119% with RSDs less than 12.6%. The interday and intraday RSDs were 6.35–13.5% and 3.00–13.7%, respectively. The established method has been successfully applied to the analysis of phthalates in drinking and river waters. Conclusions: The established method is rapid, sensitive, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. It can be applied to the analysis of 15 phthalates in drinking and river water samples. Highlights: A method of DLLME-SFO combined with HPLC-UV detection has been established for the analysis of 15 phthalates in drinking and river water samples. The established method was rapid, sensitive, accurate, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. The established method was successfully applied to the analysis of 15 phthalates in bottled, tap, and river water samples.
Aqueous Two‐Phase Emulsion Bioink‐Enabled 3D Bioprinting of Porous Hydrogels
Authors: Ying Guo‐Liang , Jiang Nan , Maharjan Sushila , Yin Yi‐Xia , Chai Rong‐Rong , Cao Xia , Yang Jing‐Zhou , Miri Amir K. , Hassan Shabir , Zhang Yu Shrike 
Published: October 2018

Abstract3D bioprinting technology provides programmable and customizable platforms to engineer cell‐laden constructs mimicking human tissues for a wide range of biomedical applications. However, the encapsulated cells are often restricted in spreading and proliferation by dense biomaterial networks from gelation of bioinks. Herein, a cell‐benign approach is reported to directly bioprint porous‐structured hydrogel constructs by using an aqueous two‐phase emulsion bioink. The bioink, which contains two immiscible aqueous phases of cell/gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) mixture and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), is photocrosslinked to fabricate predesigned cell‐laden hydrogel constructs by extrusion bioprinting or digital micromirror device‐based stereolithographic bioprinting. The porous structure of the 3D‐bioprinted hydrogel construct is formed by subsequently removing the PEO phase from the photocrosslinked GelMA hydrogel. Three different cell types (human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and NIH/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts) within the 3D‐bioprinted porous hydrogel patterns show enhanced cell viability, spreading, and proliferation compared to the standard (i.e., nonporous) hydrogel constructs. The 3D bioprinting strategy is believed to provide a robust and versatile platform to engineer porous‐structured tissue constructs and their models for a variety of applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, drug development, and personalized therapeutics.
An Elongation‐ and Ligation‐Based qPCR Amplification Method for the Radiolabeling‐Free Detection of Locus‐Specific N6‐Methyladenosine Modification
Authors: Xiao Yu , Wang Ye , Tang Qian , Wei Lianhuan , Zhang Xiao , Jia Guifang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe epitranscriptomic mark N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant RNA modification in eukaryotic mRNA, but various limitations in currently available m6A detection methods have precluded routine identification of m6A marks at the single‐site level in mRNA transcripts. Herein, we report a single‐base elongation‐ and ligation‐based qPCR amplification method (termed “SELECT”) that exploits the ability of m6A to hinder 1) the single‐base elongation activity of DNA polymerases and 2) the nick ligation efficiency of ligases; SELECT employs qPCR for quantitation. Following optimization and validation, SELECT was applied on three highly relevant proof‐of‐concept cases: determining 1) if a putative m6A site is m6A‐modified in mRNAs and lncRNAs from biological samples, 2) the m6A fraction at biological sites, and 3) if a particular m6A modification enzyme functions on a specific target site. In summary, the rapid and flexible SELECT method facilitates the identification and verification of m6A marks with unprecedented ease.
Multifunctional Liposome: A Bright AIEgen–Lipid Conjugate with Strong Photosensitization
Authors: Cai Xiaolei , Mao Duo , Wang Can , Kong Deling , Cheng Xiamin , Liu Bin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLiposomes have been used as popular drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. However, it is difficult to track traditional liposome delivery systems in an efficient and stable fashion to assess their delivery efficacy and biodistribution after administration. Meanwhile, conventional fluorescent liposomes containing optical tracers face the challenge of aggregation‐caused quenching. Herein, we report a strategy for the integration of an aggregation‐induced emission fluorogen with a liposome to yield an AIEgen–lipid conjugate, termed “AIEsome”. The AIEsome exhibits bright red fluorescence along with great photostability and biocompatibility, and can be used for in vitro cancer cell labeling and in vivo tumor targeting. Meanwhile, benefiting from the excellent photosensitizing ability of the AIEgen and its good oxygen exposure in aqueous media, the AIEsome also performs well in efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT) for both in vitro cancer cell ablation and in vivo antitumor therapy after white light illumination.
Triple Function of 4‐Mercaptophenylacetic Acid Promotes One‐Pot Multiple Peptide Ligation
Authors: Kamo Naoki , Hayashi Gosuke , Okamoto Akimitsu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOne‐pot multiple peptide ligation is a key technology to improve the efficiency of chemical protein synthesis. One‐pot repetitive peptide ligation requires a cycle of three steps: peptide ligation, removal of a protecting group, and inactivation of the deprotection reagent. However, previous strategies are not sufficient because of harsh deprotection conditions, slow deprotection rates, and difficulty in quenching the deprotection reagent. To address these issues, we developed a rapid, efficient deprotection and subsequent quenching strategy using an allyloxycarbonyl group to protect the N‐terminal cysteine residue. 4‐Mercaptophenylacetic acid (MPAA), a thiol additive for native chemical ligation, functioned not only as a scavenger for π‐allyl palladium complexes, but also as a quencher of palladium(0) complexes. By utilizing the multifunctionality of MPAA, we carried out a one‐pot five‐segment ligation to afford histone H2AX (142 amino acids), which was isolated in 59 % yield.