bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bedding improvement of lining segments using geotextile tubes
Authors: Henzinger Michael R. , Lange Andreas , Volkmann Günther M. , Moritz Bernd A. , Schubert Wulf 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDuring a shield TBM excavation in hard rock, the immediate backfill of the crown immediately behind the shield is technically difficult to realize. With the advance of the cutter head a relocation process of pea gravel within the annular gap is triggered, leading to an insufficient bedding distribution of the first segments behind the shield tail and to an ovalization of the segmental lining at a certain load level. During a test application as part of an ”TBM research initiative“ of the Austrian Federal Railways geotextile tubes were integrated into the exterior surface of the segments. Immediately after leaving the shield tail, the geotextile tube, which is placed all around one ring of segments, is expanded by injection with grout. As a result, an immediate bedding between the rock mass and segmental lining is established, also preventing the rearrangement of pea gravel within the annular gap when the shield is moved forward. The displacement measurements have shown that the ring of segments equipped with geotextile tubes experiences a more rigid body motion like behaviour after leaving the shield tail with a minimal ovalization only. Numerical simulations show the influence of bedding improvement on the ovalization of the ring of segments after leaving the shield tail.
Further development of yielding elements and connecting elements for shotcrete
Authors: Schubert Wulf , Brunnegger Stefan , Staudacher Robert , Wenger Julian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractYielding elements in combination with shotcrete linings are used in Austria since 1994, replacing the previous method of leaving open gaps. The first system, used at the Galgenbergtunnel, consisted of groups of axially loaded steel pipes with manufactured local weakness. The resistance of those elements showed a pronounced oscillation during shortening. This triggered a first improvement of the elements in the late 1990ies. Those elements were called LSC (Lining Stress Controller) and subsequently successfully used on a significant number of projects around the world. Recently, the yielding elements have been further optimized aiming at easier production and lower costs. Still using steel pipes, those are filled with porous material, increasing the elements' capacity. With sequential excavation, construction joints in the shotcrete lining are necessary. Producing quality joints appears to be difficult without special connecting elements. The so produced connections are thus potential points of weakness, reducing the lining capacity. A prototype of a connecting element was developed, which can be easily produced and installed. Site tests have been successfully conducted at the tunnel Stein in Austria.
Medicines management issues in dementia and coping strategies used by people living with dementia and family carers: A systematic review
Authors: Lim Rosemary H. , Sharmeen Taniya 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesMedicines play a key role in the lives of people with dementia, primarily to manage symptoms. Managing medicines is complex for people with dementia and their family carers and can result in multiple problems leading to harm. We conducted a systematic review to identify and model medication issues experienced and coping strategies used by people with dementia and/or family carers.MethodsEleven general databases and four systematic review databases were searched. Studies were quality assessed using an established framework and thematically analysed.ResultsTwenty‐one articles were included in this study, and four domains affecting medication use were identified: cognitive, medication, social and cultural, and knowledge/educational and communication. People with dementia reported medication issues in all four domains, but few coping strategies were developed. Family carers reported issues and coping strategies related to the medication and knowledge/educational and communication domains. Common issues with regards to knowledge and communication about medicines remain unresolved. The “voices” of people with dementia appeared largely missing from the literature so were in‐depth understanding of how, whether, and in which circumstances coping strategies work in managing medicines.ConclusionsMedicines management is a complex set of activities and although current coping strategies exists, these were primarily used by family carers or the person with dementia‐carer dyad. Health and social care practitioners and researchers should seek to understand in‐depth the “mechanisms of action” of existing coping strategies and actively involve people with dementia as co‐producers of knowledge to underpin any further work on medicines management.
CCE estimation of factor‐augmented regression models with more factors than observables
Authors: Karabiyik Hande , Urbain Jean‐Pierre , Westerlund Joakim 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis paper considers estimation of factor‐augmented panel data regression models. One of the most popular approaches towards this end is the common correlated effects (CCE) estimator of Pesaran (Estimation and inference in large heterogeneous panels with a multifactor error structure. Econometrica, 2006, 74, 967–1012, 2006). For the pooled version of this estimator to be consistent, either the number of observables must be larger than the number of unobserved common factors, or the factor loadings must be distributed independently of each other. This is a problem in the typical application involving only a small number of regressors and/or correlated loadings. The current paper proposes a simple extension to the CCE procedure by which both requirements can be relaxed. The CCE approach is based on taking the cross‐section average of the observables as an estimator of the common factors. The idea put forth in the current paper is to consider not only the average but also other cross‐section combinations. Asymptotic properties of the resulting combination‐augmented CCE (C3E) estimator are provided and tested in small samples using both simulated and real data.
Private returns to R&D in the presence of spillovers, revisited
Authors: Millo Giovanni 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis is both a replication of Eberhardt et al. (Review of Economics and Statistics, 2013, 95(2), 436–448) using different software, and a critical extension and diagnostic reassessment of the original results. The main findings of the paper are confirmed and sometimes reinforced. We point out some inconsistencies, in particular in the calculation of standard errors for the common correlated effects pooled model; we extend the diagnostic checks; lastly, in the spirit of the original contribution, we show how local cross‐sectional dependence diagnostics can be used to provide a first assessment of the direction of spillovers. We provide complete replication code in open source R.
Magnesium ion leachables induce a conversion of contractile vascular smooth muscle cells to an inflammatory phenotype
Authors: Zhou Yuehua , Liu Xing , Huang Nan , Chen Yuping 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPhenotype switching is a characteristic response of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) to the dynamic microenvironment and contributes to all stages of atherosclerotic plaque. Here, we immersed pure magnesium and AZ31 alloy in the completed medium under cell culture condition, applied the resultant leaching extracts to the isolated contractile rat aortic vSMCs and investigated how vSMCs phenotypically responded to the degradation of the magnesium‐based stent materials. vSMCs became more proliferative and migratory but underwent more apoptosis when exposed to the degradation products of pure magnesium; while the AZ31 extracts caused less cell division but more apoptosis, thus slowing cell moving and growing. Noticeably, both leaching extracts dramatically downregulated the contractile phenotypic genes at mRNA and protein levels while significantly induced the inflammatory adhesive molecules and cytokines. Exogenously added Mg ions excited similar transformations of vSMCs. With the liberation or supplementation of Mg2+, the expression patterns of the pro‐contractile transactivator myocardin and the pro‐inflammatory transcriptional factor kruppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) were reversed. Overall, the degradation of the Mg‐based materials would evoke a shift of the contractile vSMCs to an inflammatory phenotype via releasing Mg ions to induce a transition from the phenotypic control of vSMCs by the myocardin to that by the KLF4. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 988–1001, 2019.
Zearalenone can relieve dextran sulfate sodium‐induced inflammatory reaction
Authors: Ding Chenchen , Fan Wentao , Shen Tongtong , Huang Kehe , Song Suquan , Yan Liping 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the influence of zearalenone (ZEA) on the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis model both in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that the mRNA levels of IL‐1β, IL‐18, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase‐1 in the DSS+ZEA‐treated group are lower than those in either the DSS or ZEA group, and the protein expression trends are similar. Furthermore, colitis, which is characterized by body weight loss, stool consistency, and the presence of bloody feces, was significantly alleviated in the DSS+ZEA group when compared with that in the DSS group. In addition, histological analysis showed that inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue damage of the colon in the DSS+ZEA group were recovered compared with that in the DSS‐treated group. These results suggest that, instead of aggravating DSS‐induced colitis, ZEA relieves the inflammatory reaction in colon tissue, which may be related to its estrogenic activity.
miRNA profiling in the hippocampus of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder rats
Authors: Tian Tian , Zhang Yan , Wu Tianqi , Yang Lei , Chen Chunxiao , Li Nan , Li Yue , Xu Siliang , Fu Ziyi , Cui Xianwei , Ji Chenbo , Chi Xia , Tong Meiling , Chen Ronghua , Hong Qin , Hu Youfang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by attention  deficit, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and learning and memory impairment. Although the pathogenesis of learning and memory impairment is still unknown, some studies have suggested an association with hippocampus dysfunction. We aimed to explore the role of miRNAs in the learning and memory impairments observed in ADHD. Differentially expressed hippocampal micro‐ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar‐Kyoto rats (WKYs) were detected on an Illumina HiSeq. 2000 genome analyzer. A total of 25 differentially expressed miRNAs (fold‐change ≥ 2 and
P‐value < 0.05) were identified. The target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted using online tools (TargetScan and miRDB). Gene ontology and pathway analysis of the predicted target genes were carried out to assess their putative biological functions. Meanwhile, quantitative real‐time PCR was used to validate the HiSeq results, revealing that three miRNAs (miR‐1‐b, miR‐741‐3p, and miR‐206‐3p) were upregulated and four (miR‐182, miR‐471‐5p, miR‐183‐5p, and miR‐211‐5p) were downregulated in the SHR group compared with the WKY group. In addition, we confirmed that Dyrk1a is regulated by miR‐211‐5p. These results help us understand the contribution of miRNAs in the hippocampus to ADHD and provide new insights into the pathogenesis of this condition.
Macrophage polarity in cancer: A review
Authors: Najafi Masoud , Hashemi Goradel Nasser , Farhood Bagher , Salehi Eniseh , Nashtaei Maryam Shabani , Khanlarkhani Neda , Khezri Zahra , Majidpoor Jamal , Abouzaripour Morteza , Habibi Mohsen , Kashani Iraj Ragerdi , Mortezaee Keywan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMacrophages are the most abundant cells within the tumor stroma displaying noticeable plasticity, which allows them to perform several functions within the tumor microenvironment. Tumor‐associated macrophages commonly refer to an alternative M2 phenotype, exhibiting anti‐inflammatory and pro‐tumoral effects. M2 cells are highly versatile and multi‐tasking cells that directly influence multiple steps in tumor development, including cancer cell survival, proliferation, stemness, and invasiveness along with angiogenesis and immunosuppression. M2 cells perform these functions through critical interactions with cells related to tumor progression, including Th2 cells, cancer‐associated fibroblasts, cancer cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells. M2 cells also have negative cross‐talks with tumor suppressor cells, including cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. Programed death‐1 (PD‐1) is one of the key receptors expressed in M2 cells that, upon interaction with its ligand PD‐L1, plays cardinal roles for induction of immune evasion in cancer cells. In addition, M2 cells can neutralize the effects of the pro‐inflammatory and anti‐tumor M1 phenotype. Classically activated M1 cells express high levels of major histocompatibility complex molecules, and the cells are strong killers of cancer cells. Therefore, orchestrating M2 reprogramming toward an M1 phenotype would offer a promising approach for reversing the fate of tumor and promoting cancer regression. Macrophage switching toward an anti‐inflammatory M1 phenotype could be used as an adjuvant with other approaches, including radiotherapy and immune checkpoint blockades, such as anti‐PD‐L1/PD‐1 strategies.
Efficacy and safety of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker therapy for IgA nephropathy: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ji Yue , Yang Kang , Xiao Bo , Lin Jin , Zhao Qingyun , Bhuva Maheshkumar Satishkumar , Yang Hongtao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundPublished reports evaluating whether angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker (ACEI/ARB) therapy could bring improvements to the prognosis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) have yielded confusing results, which entails a systematic review of those reports. In this study, we summarized currently available evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of ACEI/ARB therapy of IgAN.MethodsPubMed, International comprehensive biomedical information bibliographic database produced by the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE), Excerpt Medica Database (EMBASE), and Cochrane Library and article reference lists were searched for RCTs that compared ACEI/ARB with placebo and any other nonimmunosuppressive agents except RAAS agents for treating IgAN. The quality of the studies was evaluated with the performance of explicit eligibility criteria and the revised Jadad scale. Meta‐analyses were completed on the outcomes of proteinuria, serum creatinine (SCr), blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with IgAN.ResultsFive RCTs involving 295 patients were included in this review. ACEI/ARB agents had statistically significant effects on reduction proteinuria (standardized mean differences [SMD], −0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.64 to −0.27;
P < 0.00001; heterogeneity
I
2 = 35%;
P = 0.20) and blood pressure, but no significant difference was found on SCr (SMD, −3.51; 95% CI, −16.55 to 9.54;
P = 0.60; heterogeneity
I
2 = 0%;
P = 0.74) and GFR (SMD, 2.59; 95% CI, −7.14 to 12.33;
P = 0.60; heterogeneity
I
2 = 57%;
P = 0.10).ConclusionACEI/ARB agents had statistically significant effects on reducing proteinuria. As proteinuria is a major pathology of IgAN, which was significantly improved by ACEI/ARB, we proposed that ACEI/ARB agents were a promising therapy. Because the studies under review did not perform blind method, used a variety of doses and types of ACEI/ARB agents and lacked follow‐up to evaluate the long‐term effect of the agents on IgAN patients.
Alterations in lipid peroxidation, lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, and hepatic histopathological changes in diabetic rats following the treatment with Salvadora persica
Authors: Saeedi Borujeni Mohammad Javad , Esfandiary Ebrahim , Ghanadian Mustafa , Valiani Ali , Baradaran Azar , Yazdani Amid 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe examined the effects of various partitions of Salvadora persica extract on lipid profile (LP), lipid peroxidation, and insulin sensitivity (IS) of diabetic rats. The rats were divided into normal control, diabetic control (DC), standard, sham, and test groups. The test groups were treated with an oral dose of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg of crude, aqueous, and ethyl acetate partition of
S. persica extract. After 21 days of experiment, the fasting blood glucose (FBS), LPs, lipid peroxidation, IS, liver enzymes levels, liver histopathology, and body weight alteration were evaluated. A significant decrease in FBS and lipid profile (except HDL) were observed in rats treated with various dose of extract compared with the DC rats (
P < 0.05). Treating diabetic rats with various extracts of
S. persica meaningfully decreased the level of malondialdehyde (
P < 0.05). Animals treated with various dose of aqueous extract showed better results (
P < 0.01). On the basis of used indirect indexes to determine IS, all partitions of extracts showed anti‐insulin resistance effects in diabetic rats. On the basis of our statistical analyzing, treating diabetic rats with all of the three extracts of
S. persica decreased the elevated levels of alanine phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine transferase. Also, pathological changes in the liver tissue were reduced following treatment with the
S. persica. In conclusion, our results give evidence that the
S. persica extract, especially aqueous partition, has a healing effect on diabetes and can be considered as an alternative therapy for this disease.
Symptomatic venous thromboembolism after non‐operatively treated foot or ankle injury
Authors: Prince Robert M. , Lubberts Bart , Buda Matteo , Guss Daniel , DiGiovanni Christopher W. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe purpose was to assess the incidence and risk factors associated with symptomatic venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing below knee immobilization for non‐operative foot or ankle injury. We included all foot and ankle patients between January 2005 and May 2016 who underwent non‐operative management using below knee immobilization with cast, splint, brace, and/or boot. The primary outcome was the development of a venous thromboembolism within 90 days of immobilization initiation. Of 6,088 patients, twenty‐three (0.38%) developed a venous thromboembolism. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism were age>50 years, unremovable immobilization, Achilles tendon rupture, Modified Charlson Comorbidity Index>2, patients on chemoprophylaxis, varicose veins, history of venous thromboembolism, known hypercoagulability disorder, and rheumatoid arthritis. Routine thromboprophylaxis after below‐knee immobilization for non‐operative foot or ankle injury may be beneficial in these specific subpopulations. These data can facilitate more substantive shared decision‐making between providers and patients with respect to use of thromboprophylaxis. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Topical rifampin powder for orthopaedic trauma part II: Topical rifampin allows for spontaneous bone healing in sterile and contaminated wounds
Authors: Shiels Stefanie M. , Tennent David J. , Lofgren Alicia L. , Wenke Joseph C. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTInfectious complications can reduce fracture healing rate. Broad spectrum antibiotics are commonly administered to prevent and treat musculoskeletal infections. Local antibiotics are applied to the wound site to increase therapeutic concentrations without increasing systemic toxicity, however, may hinder local tissue recovery. Rifampin has been shown to eradicate mature Staphylococcal biofilms and its use proven for treating musculoskeletal infections. In this study, a spontaneously healing defect model in a rat was used to investigate the impact rifampin powder has on endogenous bone healing in both a sterile and contaminated wound. No significant differences were identified in bone volume fraction via microcomputed tomography, radiological scoring, or histology between an empty defect and animals that received vancomycin or rifampin powder in a sterile wound. When applied to a contaminated musculoskeletal wound, the rifampin powder had significantly greater bone formation compared to the control, as measured by microcomputed tomography, plain radiology, and histology. In addition, the animals treated with rifampin powder had reduced bacteria, reduced white blood cell count and reduced number of clinical indications of infection. Interestingly, while the vancomycin group still displayed signs of infection via quantitative microbiology, plain radiology, and histology, there was significant bone formation within the defect and reduction of systemic signs of infection. We demonstrated that the use of rifampin powder allows bone to heal in both a sterile and contaminated model of musculoskeletal infection. To our knowledge, this is the first time the direct impact of local antibiotics on bone healing has been investigated. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. J Orthop Res 36:3142–3150, 2018.
Aggregation Behavior of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Mixtures in Aqueous/Chitosan Solution at Various Temperatures: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach
Authors: Mahbub Shamim , Rahman Marzia , Rana Shahed , Rub Malik Abdul , Hoque Md. Anamul , Khan Mohammed Abdullah , Asiri Abdullah M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA conductometric study of the mixed micellization behavior between cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, a cationic surfactant) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, an anionic surfactant) was carried out in the absence/presence of various percentages of chitosan in the temperature range of 298.15–318.15 K. The deviations of critical micelle concentration (cmc) from the ideal values indicate the interaction between CTAB and SDS. The micellar mole fraction values according to different proposed models X1Rub (Rubingh), X1M (Motomura), X1Rod (Rodenas), and X1id (ideal mole fraction) were estimated and the results obtained reveal the high contribution of CTAB in the mixed micellization, which enhances with the increase of the mole fraction of CTAB. The negative magnitudes of indicate the spontaneous formation of mixed micelles between CTAB and SDS. The values of activity coefficients (f1 and f2) were less than unity and the values of the interaction parameter (β) are negative in all cases, which indicate the attractive interaction between CTAB and SDS. The negative values of excess free energy of micellization (ΔGex) signify the stability of the mixed micelles. The negative values of in the chitosan systems indicate that micellization is exothermic. The values of were found to be positive in all cases.