bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Chicken GITR and GITR Ligand, Proof of Their Mutual Interaction, and Analysis of Chicken GITR Tissue Distribution by a Novel Antibody That Reveals Expression on Activated T Cells and Erythrocytes
Authors: Scherer Stephanie , Huhle Daniela , Göbel Thomas W 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR (GITR) and its ligand, GITRL, belong to the costimulatory members of the TNF superfamily and are crucially involved in the formation and modulation of an effective immune response, comprising innate as well as adaptive mechanisms. In this study, we identify and describe chicken GITR and GITRL, and provide an initial characterization of the newly developed chGITR-specific mAb 9C5. Structural analyses of the putative chicken molecules GITR and GITRL confirmed the conservation of classic topological features compared with their mammalian homologs and suggested the ability of mutual interaction, which was verified via flow cytometry. Whereas only minute populations of native lymphocytes isolated from spleen, bursa, and thymus expressed GITR, it was strongly upregulated upon activation on αβ and γδ T cells, comprising CD4+ as well as CD8+ subsets. In blood, a fraction of CD4+CD25+ T cells constitutively expressed GITR. In addition, virtually all chicken erythrocytes displayed high levels of GITR. Our results verify the existence of both GITR and its ligand, GITRL, in chickens; they provide the basis and novel tools to further characterize their impact within the immune response and reveal the so-far unrecognized expression of GITR on erythrocytes.
The validation of the visual screening tool for anxiety disorders and depression in hypertension and/or diabetes
Authors: Ogle Zimbini , Koen Liezl , Niehaus Dana J.H. 
Published: November 2018

Background: Depression and anxiety disorders remain poorly detected at primary health care, particularly in patients with hypertension and/or diabetes. A visual screening tool for anxiety disorders and depression (VISTAD) has been developed, but not validated.Aim: To validate the VISTAD in primary health care participants diagnosed with hypertension and/or diabetes.Setting: Participants were recruited from five primary health care centres in the Eastern Cape, South Africa (urban, peri-urban and rural).Methods: The study used a cross-sectional study design to validate the VISTAD. The VISTAD was validated against the International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I) using field testing. A demographic questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-economic variables.Results: Sixty-nine (87%) females and 10 (13%) males with a mean age of 49 (SD 8.6844) participated in the study. Fifty black people (63%), 16 mixed race people (20%) and 13 white people (16%) participated in the study. The majority of the participants (77%) did not complete high school. The area under curve score (AUC) for the VISTAD in screening for depression was 0.91, and for anxiety disorders, 0.87 post-traumatic stress disorder, 0.87 panic disorder, 0.85 social phobia, 0.88 agoraphobia, and 0.83 generalised anxiety disorder revealing acceptable psychometric properties.Conclusion: The use of the VISTAD as a screening tool at primary health care in people living with hypertension and/or diabetes is recommended. The VISTAD could, therefore, play a key role in the prevention and early treatment of individuals diagnosed with hypertension and/or diabetes across cultures and levels of education. The VISTAD needs to be validated in a large population representative of primary care patients diagnosed with hypertension and/or diabetes.
Barriers to research activities as perceived by medical university students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Dadipoor Sakineh , Ramezankhani Ali , Aghamolaei Teamur , Safari-Moradabadi Ali 
Published: November 2018

AbstractContext: The importance of research is revealed by the fact that the top seven science producing countries in the world are the same seven countries worldwide in terms of the research facilities. Aim: To explore the barriers to research activities among the students of the Hormozgan Medical University. Settings and Design: A total of 400 students affiliated with the Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences participated in this cross-sectional study. Methods: The sampling method was proportional stratified, and the data collection instrument was a tripartite questionnaire that comprised demographic information, personal barriers, and organizational barriers. Statistical analysis: The data were statistically analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software (V.16.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) using descriptive statistics as well as the independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The most prevalent personal barriers were inadequate knowledge of research methodology (2.91±1.24) and inadequate skill in research conduction (2.89±1.36). In the realm of organizational barriers, limited access to information sources was the most prevalent barrier (2.75±2.27). The results showed that researcher students encounter more of the organizational barriers (56.13±13.90), whereas non-researcher students faced more of the personal barriers (53.80±10.95). Conclusion: Establishing access to high-speed Internet system, raising students’ awareness of research methodology through workshops, encouraging and motivating students for research work, and using online sources can help in removing the barriers to research activities.
Gender differences in practicing standard precautions against blood-borne pathogens among surgeons at a tertiary care center: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alsaigh Shahad Yousefr , Alasmari Amal Aboudr , Hakeem Anadel Hassanr , Aloushan Amairah Fahadr , Saleh Fatemah Saleh Binr , Althubaiti Alaa , Yousef Zeyad 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background: Surgeons are at an increased risk of contracting blood-borne pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate gender difference, surgical position, surgical experience, and subspecialty regarding surgeons’ compliance to standard precautions. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was performed using a purposive sampling. A total of 241 surgeons were surveyed from June 2017 to January 2018. Results: In total, 179 (74.3%) males and 62 (25.7%) females completed the questionnaire. The gender difference was evident when the type of surgery was extremely important in influencing the decision on wearing double gloves (DGs); 108 (60.3%) male surgeons versus 27 (43.5%) female surgeons (P = 0.022). Although a total of 17 (30.3%) surgeons reported being extremely and very concerned about contracting human immunodeficiency virus through their work, they had never tried DG (P = 0.027). Conclusion: This study revealed that the decision of wearing DG was affected by several factors. Surgeons’ decision to wear DG was influenced by the type of surgery. This study showed that most surgeons reported lack of adherence to barrier precaution measures.
Announcement of Retraction
Authors: Pérez Salomón , Gonzalez Carolina , Oparinde Adewale , Birol Ekin , Zeller Manfred 
Published: November 2018

The editorial board announced this article has been retracted on November 28, 2018.If you have any further question, please contact us at: jas@macrothink.org Article Title: The Role of Respondents’ Market Participation in Consumer Acceptance of Seeds and Grains of an Iron-Enriched Bean Variety in GuatemalaAuthor/s: Salomón Pérez, Carolina Gonzalez, Adewale Oparinde, Ekin Birol, Manfred ZellerJournal Title: Journal of Agricultural StudiesISSN 2166-0379 Volume and Number: Vol. 6, No. 4, 2018Pages: 36-53DOI: 10.5296/jas.v6i4.13916
Vaccination and Associated Adverse Events in Dogs Previously Treated for Primary Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Moon Alaina , Veir Julia 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
This study described the rate of vaccine reactions in a population of dogs receiving vaccines after diagnosis of primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). A secondary objective was to describe the time elapsed between vaccination and initial diagnosis of IMHA. A medical record search identified cases meeting criteria for primary IMHA. Owners and referring veterinarians were surveyed regarding vaccination of the dog following diagnosis. Referring veterinarians were surveyed regarding vaccination prior to diagnosis of IMHA. A completed survey was returned in 44 cases. Twenty-two dogs received vaccinations after diagnosis, and 22 dogs did not. The median time elapsed between vaccination and initial diagnosis was 280 days. No dog was vaccinated within 30 days of diagnosis. Two of the following possible reactions were noted out of 22 dogs vaccinated: vomiting and urticarial eruption in a dog administered a rabies and canine distemper vaccine, and recurrent anemia in a dog administered a rabies vaccine. The rate of vaccine reactions was higher than previously reported, although the time period evaluated was longer than in previous studies. The relationship between initial vaccination and development of IMHA, and between vaccination and vaccine reaction, in this population is uncertain and may reflect coincidence or differences in susceptibility.
Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Rhinosinal Infection in a Dog
Authors: Sri-Jayantha Loren , Matthews Kyle G. , Scharf Valery 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
A 1 yr old castrated male American Staffordshire terrier mix was treated for Scopulariopsis brevicaulis that was discovered during an evaluation of chronic rhinosinusitis. A sinusotomy was performed, with intraoperative infusion of amikacin-impregnated gel and systemic administration of postoperative amikacin. Antibiotic therapy was initially chosen because of historic culture of Mycoplasma. Fungal culture of the frontal sinus identified S. brevicaulis by combined phenotypic characterization and DNA sequencing after morphologic analysis failed to identify the organism. Systemic terbinafine therapy was instituted after fungal culture results were available. The patient recovered well and has had no clinical relapse of disease 3 yr after treatment. This is the first reported case of a fungal rhinosinusitis caused by S. brevicaulis in a dog. Reports of Scopulariopsis infections in humans indicate that treatment of S. brevicaulis infection is hampered by multidrug resistance; prognosis may be poor in people with invasive infections and is currently unknown in dogs. Multimodal therapy, including concurrent surgical and systemic intervention, may be necessary to optimize treatment success.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Ordonez J. C. 
Published: November 2018

I would like to direct the attention of the reader to thermal energy storage. Increased interest in on-site renewable power generation mainly through direct energy conversion using photovoltaic systems together with policy changes in support of “net-zero energy” buildings are bringing a new wave of interest on energy storage. Despite the progress seen in electrochemical storage, cost, cyclability and life-time remain as major hurdles to be overcome. This confluence of need for energy storage and lack of robust solutions opens an opportunity for a renewed look at thermal energy storage. This is a field, in which problems are by nature dynamic and one in which interesting mathematical problems arise (e.g. phase change, interface tracking). It is also a field that continues to serve as a great playground in which to explore advances in applied thermodynamics (e.g construtal theory, entropy generation minimization) and one that reminds us clearly of the goal of making the best possible with the available energy and exergy at our disposal.
FORECAST STRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT FOR MODELLING THE SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN CONTINENTAL SHELF HYDRODYNAMIC
Authors: Stringari C. E. , Kirinus E. P. , Costi J. , Oleinik P. H. , Marques W. C. 
Published: November 2018

Global forecast models have been widely used worldwide; however, they lack ability to prescribe high quality local data. In this paper, an assembly of oceanographic (RTOFS) and atmospheric (GFS) global data base are used to set up a nested forecast system. The approach proposed relies on the sage of python and FORTRAN scripts to download and assemble global metocean data, in addition to interpolate it towards the study area numerical grid as boundary conditions. Therefore, the TELEMAC-3D hydrodynamic model is automatically initiated in order to provide the regional forecast for the Southern Brazilian Continental Shelf. Results shows that the methodology proposed represent properly the flow dynamics inside the Patos Lagoon and also in the Tramandaí beach, with low/high frequency dynamic effects and influences being reported.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF A SCREEN-COVERED GROOVE HEAT PIPE
Authors: Krambeck L. , Bartmeyer G. A. , Santos P. H. D. , Alves T. Antonini 
Published: November 2018

In this research, a heat pipe with screen-covered groove capillary structure was experimentally analyzed. The heat pipe was manufactured from a copper tube with the external diameter of 9.45mm, inner diameter of 6.20mm, and a total length of 200mm. A Wire Electrical Discharge Machining, or Wire-EDM, was used to manufacture axial microgrooves in the heat pipe. A layer of phosphor bronze mesh #100 completed the capillary structure. Distilled water was the working fluid and the loading filling ratio was 60% of the evaporator volume. The condenser was cooled by air forced convection, the adiabatic section was insulated with fiberglass, and the evaporator was heated by an electrical resistor and it was insulated from the environment with aeronautic insulation. The heat pipe was tested in horizontal position, under different heat loads varying from 5 up to 30W. The experimental results showed that the screen-covered groove worked satisfactorily as a capillary structure.
CONSTRUCTAL THEORY: FROM ENGINEERING DESIGN TO PREDICTING SHAPE AND STRUCTURE IN NATURE
Authors: Bejan Adrian 
Published: November 2018

This is a review of two new and important developments in thermal science. First, there exist fundamental optima in the constitution and operation of flow (nonequilibrium) systems, man-made and natural. These optima can be identified based on the simplest models that still retain the essential features of the real systems. Examples are the spatial allocation of heat transfer area in a power plant, and the temporal optimization of on & off processes. The second development is that the engineering method of modeling and optimization has been extended to natural systems, animate and inanimate (e.g., tree networks). This step has been named constructal theory for the reasons given in Section 3. The objective of such work is to predict the macroscopic spatial and temporal structure (organization) that is everywhere. It is to inject a dose of determinsm (theory) in a field that until recently considered natural structures to be nondeterministic: results of chance and necessity. These developments bring to mind the advice left to us by J. W. Gibbs more than one hundred years ago:	"One of the principal objects of theoretical research in any department of knowledge	is to	find the point of view from which the subject appears in its greatest simplicity."
CÁLCULO DA CURVA DE PERDA DE CARGA DOS CIRCUITOS AXIAIS INTERNOS DE REFRIGERAÇÃO DE MÁQUINAS ELÉTRICAS GIRANTES
Authors: Silva Hilton Penha 
Published: November 2018

Tendo como objetivo o cálculo e otimização da refrigeração das máquinas elétricas girantes de grandes potências, figura 1, foi desenvolvido um método de cálculo da curva de perda de carga dos circuitos axiais de ventilação. Esse método pressupõe a representação do circuito de ventilação de uma forma semelhante a dos circuitos elétricos. A maior dificuladade da solução do circuito está no fato de que as resistências de perda de carga, são funções não lineares e, as equações que relacionam as pressões com vazões são também não lineares. O método desenvolvido baseia-se na associação das curvas das resitências de perda da carga, de tal forma que, uma vez obtida a curva de resistência de perda de carga total de circuito, o ponto de operação do ventilador pode ser facilmente obtido e conseqüentemente as vazões individuais em cada trecho do circuito.
SIMULACIÓN NUMÉRICA DEL PROCESO DE SECADO
Authors: Abalone R. , Gastón A. , Lara M. A. 
Published: November 2018

En el presente trabajo se estudia el proceso de secado de un producto anisotrópico (batata) por medio de las ecuaciones de Luikov. Estas ecuaciones de transferencia de calor y materia se resuelven aplicando dos técnicas numéricas diferentes. En la primera, mediante una transformación de las ecuaciones diferenciales se obtiene la evolución temporal de la temperatura media y del contenido global de humedad del producto. En la segunda se resuelve el mismo sistema aplicando el método de elementos finitos. A partir de los valores nodales de temperatura y contenido de humedad se obtienen valores medios que se comparan con los obtenidos por el primer método. Estos modelos fueron utilizados para la determinación de los valores de algunos parámetros característicos del proceso de secado, a partir del ajuste de los resultados numéricos con datos experimentales. Se obtuvieron las difusividades másicas en las direcciones normal y paralela a la fibra de la batata y los coeficientes de transferencia de calor y de masa.
HOT WIRE METHOD FOR THE THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS: INVERSE PROBLEM APPLICATION
Authors: André S. , Rémy B. , Pereira F. R. , Cella N. , Silva Neto A. J. 
Published: November 2018

An experimental set-up of the hot wire method is presented. The present design allows the measurement of the temperatures at two different points on the heating wire with an acquisition system that performs measurements at a frequency of 1kHz with a 12 bit numerical converter. An analytical solution for the direct model for the time dependent problem of heat transfer is employed. It is based on the quadrupole method which basically consists in a transfer matrix approach which is possible through the use of Laplace transforms. It extends the electrical analogy of heat transfer problems using the notion of impedance, and allows to take into account the thermal behavior of the wire, as well as contact resistance and heat loss effects in a very simple straightforward way. In the identification process carried on the temperature experimental data relies on a sampling of the data that is logarithmically spaced in time. The initial guesses for the thermal conductivity values are obtained applying the well known and ideal model of the linear temperature evolution versus the logarithm of the time. These values are used to start up the algorithms that are applied in the minimization of the cost functional of the squared residues between measured and calculated temperatures. The precision of the estimates is assessed with the calculated confidence bounds obtained by the variance-covariance matrix at the converged solution.
SUBSTITUTION OF NTO BY HTP IN A BIPROPELLANT RCS
Authors: Oliveira U. C. , Villas Bôas D. J. F. 
Published: November 2018

The present article presents some theoretical considerations about the implications due the change of the oxidizer in a bipropellant propulsion system. Preliminary analysis conducted on the NTO/UDMH 400 N engine of a roll control system shows that this engine could be capable of operation with HTP90 without significant modification in the design. The new propellant combination is less toxic, can be handled more easily, has a wider operational temperature range, and yields a more amenable thermal environment from the combustion down to the exhaustion. Even with a decrease in liquid film cooling, the HTP90/UDMH engine would present a satisfactory reduction of the combustion chamber temperature and approximately the same performance level of the original NTO/UDMH engine.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Vargas J. V. C. 
Published: November 2018

RETERM – Thermal Engineering is an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences (ABCM). In this fourth issue, the journal continues to be divided in two main sections: science and technology. The former is directed to publish complete articles that deal with fundamental advances in heat transfer and fluid mechanics, new physical insights, and novel experimental and analytical methods that have great appeal for the industry community, and the latter is designed to comprise informative articles that document modern engineering applications, or general advances in industry.In this issue, we continue to publish the best articles written in English language, presented at the 9th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Engineering and Sciences, ENCIT 2002, held in Caxambu, MG, from October 15th to 18th, 2002, that were selected by the Associate Technical Editors of RETERM, according to the scientific criteria of the journal. The idea is to increase the industrial and scientific impact of the research results presented in the Congress. Additional articles that have been submitted and reviewed in the regular RETERM publication process are also included in the current issue.The institutional support from the Brazilian Society of Industrial Machinery and Equipments (ABIMAQ), continues to strengthen our belief in the success of this enterprise. To open a perspective to the maintainance and continuity of RETERM, we invite the readers from the industrial community to contact our staff for subscriptions and publicity in RETERM. For the next issues we continue to welcome technical articles from both the scientific and the industrial communities to either section of RETERM, contributions to the other sections of the journal, and suggestions for new sections as well. We also welcome response and comments from our readers that will certainly help the success of RETERM.
BLUFF-BODIES VORTEX SHEDDING SUPRESSION BY DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION
Authors: Ribeiro P. A. R. , Schettini E. B. C. , Silvestrini J. H. 
Published: November 2018

Vortex shedding is responsible for harmful vibrations on immersed structures and for increasing their drag coefficients. Thus vortex shedding suppression is highly interesting in order of decrease maintenance costs of standing structures and fuel costs on moving ones. Vortex shedding suppression is here achieved with the use of splitter plates by means of numerical simulations at a low Reynolds range, Re 100 and 160. For this purpose it has been used a high order finite difference method in association with a virtual boundary method, responsible for the obstacles representation. The use of this novel numerical method showed a great concordance with experimental results by means of low computational costs.
ANALYSIS OF INTERFACIAL AND MASS TRANSFER EFFECTS ON FORCED CONVECTION IN GAS-LIQUID ANNULAR TWO-PHASE FLOW
Authors: Nogueira E. , Dantas B. D. , Cotta R. M. 
Published: November 2018

In a gas-liquid annular two-phase flow one of the main factors influencing the determination of heat transfer rates is the average thickness of the liquid film. A model to accurately represent the heat transfer in such situations has to be able of determining the average liquid film thickness to within a reasonable accuracy. A typical physical aspect in gas-liquid annular flows is the appearance of interface waves, which affect heat, mass and momentum transfers. Existing models implicitly consider the wave effects in the momentum transfer by an empirical correlation for the interfacial friction factor. However, this procedure does not point out the difference between interface waves and the natural turbulent effects of the system. In the present work, the wave and mass transfer effects in the theoretical estimation of average liquid film thickness are analyzed, in comparison to a model that does not explicitly include these effects, as applied to the prediction of heat transfer rates in a thermally developing flow situation.