bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breaking a Paradigm: Can Oil Recovery from Shales be Larger than Oil Recovery from Conventional Reservoirs? The Answer is Yes!
Authors: Fragoso Alfonso , Selvan Karthik , Aguilera Roberto 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Oil recovery worldwide from conventional reservoirs vary significantly from case to case, but it is sometimes presented at an approximate average of 30-35 % of the original oil in place (OOIP), including primary and secondary recovery. This study shows that proper implementation of huff and puff gas injection in shales can lead to larger percent oil recoveries. Explaining the reasons for this controversial and out of the box conclusion is the key objective of this paper.
This research starts by investigating flow units and pore throat sizes of shales, and by demonstrating the separate ‘upside-down’ or inverted vertical containment of natural gas, condensate and oil in shale reservoirs. Once vertical containment is demonstrated with data from the Eagle Ford shale in Texas, the research moves to investigating huff and puff gas injection in hydraulic fractured horizontal wells. The investigation is carried out by considering theoretical, core, laboratory, and petrographic data; and a simulation match and economics of an Eagle Ford huff and puff gas injection pilot.
Results, dramatic and that no doubt will become highly controversial, lead to the out of the box conclusion that oil recovery with correctly-performed huff and puff gas injection can lead to oil recoveries even larger than oil recoveries from conventional reservoirs, reaching levels of up to 40%+ of the OOIP in the oil container. The finding is important as oil recoveries from shales have been reported up to this point in the literature to be very low ranging between approximately 5 and 10 %.
The term "container" is not used generally in petroleum engineering, but proved of significant value in our research. A container is "a reservoir system subdivision, consisting of a pore system, made up of one or more flow units, which respond as a unit when fluid is withdrawn" (Hartmann and Beaumont, 1999).
Although this investigation is carried out only for the Eagle Ford shale of Texas, preliminary scoping studies indicate that a similar potential might exist in other tight and shale reservoirs such as the Duvernay, Montney and Doig reservoirs in Canada, and Vaca Muerta in Argentina.
The key contribution of this paper is highlighting the extraordinary potential of huff and puff gas injection in shale petroleum reservoirs, which can increase oil recoveries to even higher levels than the recoveries commonly achieved in conventional oil reservoirs. Economic benefits as a result of huff and puff gas injection in shales are included in the paper.
A Parametric Study on the Applicability of Miscible Gases Based EOR Techniques in Unconventional Liquids Rich Reservoirs
Authors: Alfarge Dheiaa , Wei Mingzhen , Bai Baojun 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Shale formations in North America such as Bakken, Niobrara, and Eagle Ford have a huge oil volume in place, 100-900 Billion barrels of oil in Bakken only. However, the predicted primary recovery is still below 10%. Therefore, seeking for techniques to enhance oil recovery in these complex plays is inevitable. In shale oil reservoirs, EOR is relatively novel compared with in conventional oil reservoirs. The most investigated technique among EOR methods to be applied in shale oil reservoirs is injecting miscible gases which mainly include CO2, N2 and enriched natural gases. However, these different gases showed different performance in both of lab scale and field pilots conducted in shale reservoirs. In this paper, numerical simulation methods of compositional models have been incorporated with LS-LR-DK (logarithmically spaced, locally refined, and dual permeability) models to mimic the performance of CO2 as well as natural gases (lean gas and rich gas) in different scenarios of unconventional reservoirs. The models of this study are mainly built on the sensitivity analysis for the fluid and rock properties of Bakken formation. Sensitivity analysis methods used in this study were conducted by using two main methods of Design of Experiments (DOE) which are Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and One Parameter At A Time (OPAAT) approach.
This study found that the main parameters affecting CO2-EOR performance are not the same parameters influencing natural-gases (NGs) EOR performance in shale reservoirs. This happens due to the difference in the physical nature among gases, especially the molecular weight difference between CO2 and NGs where the molecular diffusion flow is the dominated flow type in those very tight formations. This study also indicated that NGs-EOR performance exceeds the performance of CO2-EOR in the formations with very small pore throats (Permeability in range of 0.00001-1 mD). However, injecting CO2 is highly recommended over injecting NGs in the reservoirs with the permeability of more than 1 mD. Moreover, it has been observed that NGs are not very strong function of natural fractures intensity as CO2. Furthermore, due to the small molecular weight of NGs, they do not require very large contact areas as CO2 does. This study explains the effects of different nano and macro mechanisms on the performance of CO2-EOR and natural-gases EOR in unconventional reservoirs since these plays are much complex and very different from conventional formations. Also, general guidelines have been provided in this study to enhance success of CO2-EOR in unconventional reservoirs.
Stochastic Modeling and Assisted History-Matching Using Multiple Techniques of Multi-Phase Flowback from Multi-Fractured Horizontal Tight Oil Wells
Authors: Williams-Kovacs J. D. , Clarkson C. R. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In this Paper, the methods developed by Clarkson et al. (2014) are used to analyze flowback data, which involves modeling flow both before and after the breakthrough of formation fluids. Despite the versatility of these techniques, achieving an optimal combination of parameters is often difficult with a single deterministic analysis. Because of the uncertainty in key model parameters, this problem is an ideal candidate for uncertainty quantification and advanced assisted history-matching techniques, including Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and genetic algorithms (GAs) amongst others. MC simulation, for example, can be used for both the purpose of assisted history-matching and uncertainty quantification of key fracture parameters.
In this work, several techniques are tested including both single-objective (SO) and multi-objective (MO) algorithms for history-matching and uncertainty quantification, using a light tight oil (LTO) field case. The results of this analysis suggest that many different algorithms can be used to achieve similar optimization results, making these viable methods for developing an optimal set of key uncertain fracture parameters. An indication of uncertainty can also be achieved, which assists in understanding the range of parameters which can be used to successfully match the flowback data.
Determination of Thermal Maturity and Maturation Trajectories in Shale Petroleum Reservoirs with the Use of Modified Pickett Plots
Authors: Olusola Bukola , Aguilera Roberto 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This paper develops innovative methods for analysis of some important exploration and production problems in shale petroleum reservoirs such as the determination of burial maturity and maturation trajectories, and determination of sweet spots with the use of Modified Pickett plots. The methods are explained with data from 226 Niobrara wells.
Pickett plots have been used historically as a powerful tool for petrophysical analysis of well logs. The plots represent a snapshot on time that corresponds to the time when the well logs are run. Pickett plots rely on pattern recognition observable on log-log crossplots of porosity vs. true resistivity. The analysis has been used in the past primarily for determination of water saturation. However, the plot has been extended throughout the years for evaluation of other parameters of practical importance including, for example, permeability, process or delivery speed (permeability over porosity, k/ϕ), bulk volume of water (BVW) and pore throat apertures.
In this paper, Pickett plots are extended from representing a snapshot on time to representing millions of years of burial and maturation trajectories. The proposed method is explained with data from 226 Niobrara wells. The modified Pickett plots leads to curved lines of water saturation (Sw) and BVW. The maturation trajectories on the plot help to explain compaction and why as maturation increases to generate oil and gas condensate, resistivity goes up. However, as maturation increases to generate dry gas in the Niobrara, resistivity decreases. The Lopatin time-temperature index (TTI) is also included in the modified Pickett plot.
The proposed methodology also allows estimating changes in pore throat sizes updip and downdip of a structure, as well as in a basin flank. The ability to combine maturity, pore throat sizes, as well as porosity and process speed in a single graph makes the modified picket plot a valuable tool with potential to locate sweet spots in shale petroleum reservoirs to locate areas for possible improved oil recovery (IOR) and enhanced oil recovery (EOR).
The key contributions of this paper are generating an original method for determining burial maturity and maturation trajectories of shale petroleum reservoirs with the use of modified Pickett plots, as well as determining changes in pore throat sizes in different places of a structure, which lead to the location of sweet spots. Although the methodology is explained with data of the Niobrara shales, it should have application in other shale petroleum reservoirs of the world.
Takotsubo Syndrome is Associated with Mood Disorders and Antidepressants Use, not with Anxiety and Impairment of Quality of Life Due to the Psychiatric Disorder
Authors: Sancassiani F. , Carta Mauro G. , Montisci Roberta , Preti Antonio , Machado Sergio , Moro Maria F. , Marchetti Maria F. , Meloni Luigi 
Published: February 2018

Background:
The aim was to study the association between mood and anxiety disorders and the Tako-Tsubo Syndrome (TTS) and to determine the role of antidepressants and the impairment of quality of life due the comorbid psychiatric disorder.

Methods:
Case-control study: 19 consecutive patients (17 female) with TTS compared to 76 controls without TTS, were randomly selected from the database of a nationwide epidemiological study after matching (gender, age and residence) by controls. Psychiatric diagnoses were carried out according to the ICD-10 using semi-structured interview tools (ANTAS-SCID) administered by clinical staff. Quality of Life (Qol) was assessed by means of SF-12.

Results:
Only Major Depressive Disorders (MDD) showed higher frequencies in cases with statistical significance difference (p=0.014) as well as at least one Mood Disorder Diagnosis [MDD or BD] (p=0.002). The lifetime prevalence of at least one anxiety disorder with no comorbid mood disorder did not show a higher frequency in cases (p=0.57).
The score at SF-12 in the TTS group was similar to those of controls (p=0.71)In the TTS group, the score at SF-12 in people with one mood or anxiety diagnosis (N=7) was similar to those without mood or anxiety diagnosis (p=0.75). The use of antidepressants was higher in TTS group (15.79% vs 1.31%; p=0.030).

Conclusion:
The study shows an association between TTS with depressive disorders and antidepressants use and does not confirm the association with anxiety syndromes. The study suggests the need to investigate the possible interactions between antidepressants use and mood disorders in studies with appropriate design and sample size.
STIGLER’S INFLUENTIAL CONTRIBUTION TO ECONOMIC THOUGHT
Authors: Adji Artidiatun 
Published: February 2018

This paper analyzes George J. Stigler’s influential contributions to economic ideas, specifically on industrial structures, the functioning of markets, the causes and effects of public regulation, the economics of information, and on the development of economic thought. Stigler’s most influential contribution to economic thought came in his work on information theory. Treating information as a valuable commodity, he explained why prices differ for identical goods. From his work, many other theories have been built to explain economic behavior. A considerable number of works on decision making under uncertainty could not have progressed without an understanding of the role of information. His swing of the pendulum in economic regulation constitutes a great turnabout. He started research, known as public choice, which assumes that government policy makers are driven by self-interest rather than pure concern for the public’s welfare. His views have now become those of the mainstream.
Efficacy and Safety of IDegLira Versus Basal-Bolus Insulin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled on Metformin and Basal Insulin: The DUAL VII Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Billings Liana K. , Doshi Ankur , Gouet Didier , Oviedo Alejandra , Rodbard Helena W. , Tentolouris Nikolaos , Grøn Randi , Halladin Natalie , Jodar Esteban 
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVE
In patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes on basal insulin, prandial insulin may be initiated. We assessed the efficacy and safety of initiating insulin degludec/liraglutide fixed-ratio combination (IDegLira) versus basal-bolus insulin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A phase 3b trial examined patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes on insulin glargine (IGlar U100) 20–50 units/day and metformin, randomized to IDegLira or IGlar U100 and insulin aspart ≤4 times per day.

RESULTS
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) decreased from 8.2% (66 mmol/mol) to 6.7% (50 mmol/mol) with IDegLira and from 8.2% (67 mmol/mol) to 6.7% (50 mmol/mol) with basal-bolus (estimated treatment difference [ETD] −0.02% [95% CI −0.16, 0.12]; −0.2 mmol/mol [95% CI −1.7, 1.3]), confirming IDegLira noninferiority versus basal-bolus (P &lt; 0.0001). The number of severe or blood glucose–confirmed symptomatic hypoglycemia events was lower with IDegLira versus basal-bolus (risk ratio 0.39 [95% CI 0.29, 0.51]; rate ratio 0.11 [95% CI 0.08, 0.17]). Body weight decreased with IDegLira and increased with basal-bolus (ETD −3.6 kg [95% CI −4.2, −2.9]). Fasting plasma glucose reductions were similar; lunch, dinner, and bedtime self-monitored plasma glucose measurements were significantly lower with basal-bolus. Sixty-six percent of patients on IDegLira vs. 67.0% on basal-bolus achieved HbA1c &lt;7.0% (53 mmol/mol). Total daily insulin dose was lower with IDegLira (40 units) than basal-bolus (84 units total; 52 units basal).

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes on IGlar U100 and metformin, IDegLira treatment elicited HbA1c reductions comparable to basal-bolus, with statistically superior lower hypoglycemia rates and weight loss versus weight gain.
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF ERCP IN OUR INSTITUTION: REVIEW OF 168 CASES
Authors: Hasani Antigona , Tmava Sabri , Gozalan Ugur , Vishi Imri , Hasani Antigona 
Published: February 2018

Background and aims: The objectives of our study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this technique performed by two endoscopists with basic training in a center of this nature.
Patients and methods: Single center retrospective study of the 168 ERCP performed in our hospital and comparing them with the quality standards proposed in the literature.
Results: In this trial, a total of 168 ERCP procedures performed in 153 patients at the endoscopy department of our hospital between January 2010 and December 2010, were retrospectively evaluated. The age, gender, complaints, pre-procedure diagnosis, the radiologic and clinical results, number of procedure repetitions and the final diagnosis were assessed. During the procedure basic patient monitoring was performed. The patients were those admitted to our hospital or referred from other healthcare centers.
Conclusions: the results obtained after performing 168 procedures support the ability to practice ERCP in University Clinical Centre of Kosova obtaining levels of efficacy and safety in accordance with published quality standards.
Penggunaan Bahasa MIDI Dalam Pembuatan Jinggle SPBU
Authors: Purwacandra Pandan Pareanom 
Published: February 2018

MIDI can process a number of sound into one software including types of instrument that can be produced dan provided by a digital music device or can be combined some or all instruments into one application, so the efficiency of the sound can be produced by a well-managed monitoring and the quality of voice clarity can be obtained in making and or editing. This study is conducted in order to create a Jingle in a gas station in Merbung, Klaten. By using MIDI technology, the jingle produced will be cheaper but still qualified. Additionally, jingle created via MIDI applications can be easily edited and updated. Instrument digital music even resembles the original instrument.Keywords: MIDI, jingle, instrument, digital music, gas station AbstrakMIDI mampu mengolah banyak suara ke dalam satu aplikasi termasuk jenis-jenis instrumen yang dapat dihasilkan dan disediakan oleh suatu perangkat musik digital atau dapat juga dipadukan beberapa atau semua instrumen tersebut ke dalam satu aplikasi, sehingga efisiensi suara dapat dihasilkan dengan monitoring yang lebih tertata dan kualitas kejernihan suara mampu diperoleh dalam pembuatan maupun pengeditan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam rangka membuat sebuah Jingle di salah satu SPBU di Merbung, Klaten. Dengan menggunakan teknologi MIDI, maka jingle yang dihasilkan akan lebih murah namun tetap berkualitas. Selain itu, jingle yang dibuat melalui aplikasi MIDI dapat dengan mudah di edit dan di update. Instrument digital music pun menyerupai instrument aslinya.Kata kunci: MIDI, jingle, instrument, digital music, gas station
Analisis Perilaku Pengguna dalam Pembelian Item Virtual pada Game Online
Authors: Yulius Rina 
Published: February 2018

Online games increasingly sell virtual items to generate more income. Intent to purchase virtual items is different among gamers. This study aims to evaluate factors affecting gamer’s behavior and how to predict it toward purchasing virtual items. Simple random sampling was used in explanatory research using five-point Likert scale which was distributed to 300 users of online game in Indonesia. The process of analyzing data using structural equation modeling (SEM) to identify factors affecting user behaviors toward purchasing in virtual worlds.Keywords: virtual item, online game, SEMAbstrakGame online mengandalkan penjualan item secara virtual guna menghasilkan pendapatan yang lebih besar. Minat pengguna game online berbeda-beda dalam melakukan pembelian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pengguna dalam pembelian item virtual pada game online. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling dengan alat ukur berupa skala Likert. Jumlah subjek penelitian ini adalah 300 pengguna game online di Indonesia. Sampel penelitian dianalisis menggunakan structural equation modeling (SEM) guna mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor perilaku pengguna dalam pembelian item virtual pada game online. Kata kunci: item virtual, game online, SEM
Eksistensi Kesenian Masyarakat Transmigran Di Kabupaten Pringsewu Lampung Studi Kasus Kesenian Kuda Kepang Turonggo Mudo Putro Wijoyo
Authors: Primastri Mutiara Dini 
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah analisis deskriptif yang menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi dan antropologi untuk membedah tentang eksistensi kesenian masyarakat transmigran berupa kesenian kuda kepang di Kabupaten Pringsewu Lampung. Kesenian kuda kepang yang eksis di Kabupaten Pringsewu yaitu komunitas seni Turonggo Mudo Putro Wijoyo (TMPW).Eksistensi adalah adanya sebuah keberadaan yang tidak hanya sebagai sesuatu yang “diam” akan tetapi menjadi sesuatu yang aktif dan memiliki peran di dalam lingkungannya. Melalui kajian sinkronik, kesenian kuda kepang TMPW tetap eksis saat ini karena memiliki fungsi sebagai seni pertunjukan yang menghibur (presentasi estetis), memuat nilai-nilai budaya, serta dapat menjadi identitas orang Jawa di Pringsewu. Kajian sinkronik didukung oleh kajian diakronik, yaitu kemunculan kesenian kuda kepang TMPW merupakan hasil dari rangkaian sejarah berupa eksistensi orang-orang yang bertransmigrasi di Pringsewu, melalui tahap eksistensi yaitu eksistensi estetis, etis dan religius.Eksistensi kesenian kuda kepang TMPW tidak lepas dari faktor-faktor pendukungnya. Komunitas TMPW terus menunjukkan eksistensinya dengan melakukan inovasi pada segala aspek-aspek penunjang koreografi dengan menjaga otentisitas agar tidak hilang dan menjadi ciri khas. Sebuah seni pertunjukan bersifat stimulus bagi masyarakat tentu mendapatkan respons, berupa respons positif dan respons negative. This research is a descriptive analysis using sociology approach to analysed about art existence of transmigrant society, that is kuda kepang in Pringsewu Regency of Lampung. Kuda kepang that exist in Pringsewu is Turonggo Mudo Putro Wijoyo (TMPW) community.Existence is the existence is not only as something "silent" but becomes something active and has a role in the environment. Synchronic studies, kuda kepang TMPW still exists because it has a function as an entertaining performing art (aesthetic presentation), contains cultural values, and can be a Javanese identity in Pringsewu. Synchronic studies are supported by diachronic studies, that is the emergence of kuda kepang TMPW is the result of a series of histories of the existence of people who transmigrated in Pringsewu, through the stage of existence of aesthetic, ethical and religious existence.The existence of kuda kepang TMPW is not separated from the supporting factors. The TMPW community continues to show its existence by innovating on all aspects of choreography support and to be kept authenticity not lost and become characteristic. The performing arts have the character of stimulus for the society of course get the response, that is positive response and negative response.