bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precision neuroradiology: mapping the nodes and networks that link genes to behaviour
Authors: Sugrue Leo P. , Desikan Rahul S. 
Published: July 2019

What is the future of neuroradiology in the era of precision medicine? As with any big change, this transformation in medicine presents both challenges and opportunities, and to flourish in this new environment we will have to adapt. It is difficult to predict exactly how neuroradiology will evolve in this shifting landscape, but there will be changes in both what we image and what we do. In terms of imaging, we will need to move beyond simply imaging brain anatomy and toward imaging function, both at the molecular and circuit level. In terms of what we do, we will need to move from the periphery of the clinical enterprise toward its center, with a new emphasis on integrating imaging with genetic and clinical data to form a comprehensive picture of the patient that can be used to direct further testing and care.
The payoff is that these changes will align neuroradiology with the emerging field of precision psychiatry, which promises to replace symptom-based diagnosis and trial-and-error treatment of psychiatric disorders with diagnoses based on quantifiable genetic, imaging, physiologic, and behavioural criteria and therapies targeted to the particular pathophysiology of individual patients. Here we review some of the recent developments in behavioural genetics and neuroscience that are laying the foundation for precision psychiatry. By no means comprehensive, our goal is to introduce some of the perspectives and techniques that are likely to be relevant to the precision neuroradiologist of the future.
Secondary cancer risk after whole-breast radiation therapy: field-in-field versus intensity modulated radiation therapy versus volumetric modulated arc therapy
Authors: Haciislamoglu Emel , Cinar Yunus , Gurcan Fatih , Canyilmaz Emine , Gungor Gorkem , Yoney Adnan 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
In this study, we used the concept of organ-equivalent dose (OED) to evaluate the excess absolute risk (EAR) for secondary cancer in various organs after radiation treatment for breast cancer.

Methods:
Using CT data set of 12 patients, we generated three different whole-breast radiation treatment plans using 50 Gy in 2 Gy fractions: three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy with a field-in-field (FinF) technique, intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). The OEDs were calculated from differential dose–volume histograms on the basis of the “linear–exponential,” “plateau,” and “full mechanistic” dose–response models. Secondary cancer risks of the contralateral breast (CB), contralateral lung (CL), and ipsilateral lung (IL) were estimated and compared.

Results:
The lowest EARs for the CB, CL, and IL were achieved with FinF, which reduced the EARs by 77%, 88%, and 56% relative to those with IMRT, and by 77%, 84%, and 58% relative to those with VMAT, respectively. The secondary cancer risk for FinF was significantly lower than those of IMRT and VMAT. OED-based secondary cancer risks for CB and IL were similar when IMRT and VMAT were used, but the risk for CL was statistically lower when VMAT was used.

Conclusion:
The overall estimation of EAR indicated that the radiation-induced cancer risk of breast radiation therapy was lower with FinF than with IMRT and VMAT. Therefore, when secondary cancer risk is a major concern, FinF is considered to be the preferred treatment option in irradiation of whole-breast.

Advances in knowledge:
Secondary malignancy estimation after breast radiotherapy is becoming an important subject for comparative treatment planning.When secondary cancer risk a major concern, FinF technique is considered the preferred treatment option in whole breast patients.
What Quality Metrics Should We Apply in Barrett's Esophagus?
Authors: Desai Madhav , Sharma Prateek 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A GI Quality improvement consortium registry study published in this issue of The American Journal of Gastroenterology confirms the lack of adherence to surveillance intervals and guidelines in patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE). Given the widespread use of upper endoscopy for evaluation of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and surveillance of BE, the lack of well-defined standard criteria for performing a high quality upper endoscopy calls for the establishment of valid quality indicators in BE endoscopy. These quality metrics should be able to help define and rate endoscopist performance for screening, surveillance, and management of patients with BE. Neoplasia detection rate and Barrett's inspection time could serve as key benchmarks. The issue of nonadherence and overutilization of endoscopy can be addressed by continuing education, feedback, and incorporation of better healthcare models.
A Phase 2 Study of Galunisertib (TGF-β1 Receptor Type I Inhibitor) and Sorafenib in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kelley R.K. , Gane E. , Assenat E. , Siebler J. , Galle P.R. , Merle P. , Hourmand I.O. , Cleverly A. , Zhao Y. , Gueorguieva I. , Lahn M. , Faivre S. , Benhadji K.A. , Giannelli G. 
Published: July 2019

INTRODUCTION:
Inhibition of tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor type I potentiated the activity of sorafenib in preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Galunisertib is a small-molecule selective inhibitor of TGF-β1 receptor type I, which demonstrated activity in a phase 2 trial as second-line HCC treatment.

METHODS:
The combination of galunisertib and sorafenib (400 mg BID) was tested in patients with advanced HCC and Child-Pugh A liver function without prior systemic therapy. Galunisertib dose was administered 80 or 150 mg b.i.d. orally for 14 days every 28 days in safety lead-in cohorts; in the expansion cohort, all patients received galunisertib 150 mg b.i.d. Objectives included time-to-tumor progression, changes in circulating alpha fetoprotein and TGF-β1, safety, overall survival (OS), response rate, and pharmacokinetics (PK).

RESULTS:
Patients (n = 47) were enrolled from 5 non-Asian countries; 3 and 44 patients received the 80 mg and 150 mg b.i.d. doses of galunisertib, respectively. The pharmacokinetics and safety profiles were consistent with monotherapy of each drug. For the 150 mg b.i.d. galunisertib cohort, the median time-to-tumor progression was 4.1 months; the median OS was 18.8 months. A partial response was seen in 2 patients, stable disease in 21, and progressive disease in 13. TGF-β1 responders (decrease of >20% from baseline) vs nonresponders had longer OS (22.8 vs 12.0 months, P = 0.038).

DISCUSSION:
The combination of galunisertib and sorafenib showed acceptable safety and a prolonged OS outcome.
Gerakan sosial Nahdlatul Ulama: Studi kasus Pengurus Cabang Nahdlatul Ulama Kota Malang
Authors: Hakim Muhammad Luthfil 
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini berupaya untuk menjelaskan mengenai gerakan sosial PCNU Kota Malang pada tahun 2010-2015 dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori gerakan sosial karya Mc Adam, Mc Charty dan Zald. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gerakan sosial Nahdlatul Ulama’ (NU) pada masa reformasi memiliki pola yang berbeda dengan masa sebelumnya. Pada masa reformasi, strategi gerakan NU mengedepankan tiga cara yakni melalui program struktural, dakwah, dan mediasi. Dengan melakukan studi kasus di PCNU Kota Malang penelitian ini menemukan bahwa gerakan NU di era reformasi muncul dan dapat eksis akibat adanya keterbukaan struktur sosial dan ketidakseimbangan politik di Kota Malang. Proses tersebut kemudian juga dikuatkan oleh kekuatan aktor perubahan PCNU Kota Malang yang meliputi: ulama’ (kyai), aktivis, politisi dan akademisi.
Dekontruksi atas konsepsi orang kuat: Studi kasus kepemimpinan transformatif di Masjid Jogokaryan
Authors: Akbar Nuruddin Al 
Published: July 2019

Artikel ini berupaya menelaah relasi antara eksistensi orang kuat lokal dan demokrasi. Studi ini secara spesifik akan mengambil studi kasus di Masjid Jogokaryan dengan orang kuat di masjid tersebut yakni Jazir Asp. Penulisan artikel ini dilatarbelakangi oleh menjamurnya karya-karya yang membahas tentang eksistensi orang kuat lokal paska reformasi, baik yang dilakukan peneliti asing maupun Indonesia, namun mereka cenderung memandangnya dari sisi negatif. Artikel ini berupaya untuk mengambil cara pandang yang berbeda dari perspektif yang dominan tersebut, dimana mencoba melihat eksistensi orang kuat lokal secara lebih positif. Temuan dari artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa orang kuat di Masjid Jogokaryan, yakni Jazir Asp berkontribusi bagi proses demokratisasi ruang publik dengan cara membuka dan menjamin pluralitas wacana keagamaan di masjid tersebut, yang salah satunya tercermin dari menjamurnya kajian keagamaan dari berbagai kelompok Islam yang berbeda pemahaman di masjid tersebut tanpa masing-masing pihak mengganggu aktivitas kelompok yang lain.
Studi ruang terbuka hijau dalam kebijakan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup Pemerintah Kota Semarang
Authors: Supratiwi Supratiwi 
Published: July 2019

Kondisi lingkungan yang makin rusak tentu diperlukan upaya untuk memperbaikinya. Pemerintah bisa melakukannya dengan membuat kebijakan yang berpihak pada kepentingan kelestarian lingkungan. Salah satunya adalah kebijakan Penataan Ruang Terbuka Hijau. Penelitian ini ingin melihat bagaimana pelaksanaan kebijakan tersebut berlangsung di Kota Semarang. Tipe penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari wawancara dan kajian pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukan penataan RTH di Kota Semarang menurut Perda No 7 Tahun 2010 telah mencapai 40%. Artinya, telah melampaui target minimal 30% yang terdiri dari RTH Publik dan RTH Privat. Angka tersebut jika dihitung secara keseluruhan di Kota Semarang. Sumbangan terbanyak berasal dari daerah pinggiran kota; seperti Gunungpati dan Mangkang. Namun untuk kawasan dalam perkotaan sendiri targetnya belum tercapai. Adapun terkait dengan penghargaan Adipura dan predikat sebagai Kota Hijau, jika dilihat dari ketersediaan RTH Kota Semarang telah memenuhi syarat. Tetapi aspek pemerataan tiap kecamatan belum diperhatikan. Rekomendasinya bahwa pemerintah Kota Semarang harus lebih meningkatkan komitmen dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan penataan RTH ini dengan menambah anggaran dan melakukan pengawasan dan penegakan hukum. Partisipasi masyarakat dan pihak swasta juga harus ditingkatkan.
Menutup celah korupsi melalui kolaborasi antar aktor dalam pengawasan keuangan negara
Authors: Iskandar Dian 
Published: July 2019

Menekan angka korupsi dan mengungkap kasus korupsi agar menghindarkan negara dari kerugian menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi para aktor pengawasan keuangan negara. Oleh sebab itu, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengawasi praktik penyimpangan keuangan negara yang dilakukan oleh aktor pengawasan keuangan negara. Metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui desk study. Beberapa upaya yang dilakukan dalam pengawasan keuangan negara itu diantaranya: Pertama berupa kolaborasi, komitmen, koordinasi dan sinergitas antara Inspektorat, BPKP, BPK dan lembaga legislatif, dengan menggunakan standar pemeriksaan dan sistem pengendalian internal. Kedua terkait dengan waktu pengawasan yang dilakukan feedforward, concurrent, dan feedback control. Ketiga yaitu sifat pengawasan baik represif maupun preventif akan mampu menutup celah yang biasanya dimainkan dalam penyalahgunaan keuangan negara.
What is wrong with false-link conditionals?
Authors: Krzyżanowska Karolina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIt is a common intuition that the antecedent of an indicative conditional should have something to do with its consequent, that they should be somehow connected. In fact, many conditionals sound unacceptable precisely because they seem to suggest a connection which is not there. Although the majority of semantic theories of conditionals treat this phenomenon as something pragmatic, for instance, something that is conversationally implicated, no one has offered a full-fledged pragmatic explanation of why missing-link, and, in particular, false-link conditionals strike us as odd. The aim of this paper is to explore the possibility that the link is an example of a conversational implicature. We discuss possible tests one can employ to identify conversational implicatures, and, ultimately, we show that the connection between a conditional’s antecedent and consequent fails them all.
Hyper-Wiener indices of polyphenyl chains and polyphenyl spiders
Authors: Wu Tingzeng , Lü Huazhong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Let G be a connected graph and u and v two vertices of G. The hyper-Wiener index of graph G is
$\begin{array}{}
WW(G)=\frac{1}{2}\sum\limits_{u,v\in V(G)}(d_{G}(u,v)+d^{2}_{G}(u,v))
\end{array}$, where dG(u, v) is the distance between u and v. In this paper, we first give the recurrence formulae for computing the hyper-Wiener indices of polyphenyl chains and polyphenyl spiders. We then obtain the sharp upper and lower bounds for the hyper-Wiener index among polyphenyl chains and polyphenyl spiders, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding extremal graphs are determined.
The Effects of Hate Groups on Hate Crimes
Authors: Yahagi Ken 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a simple theoretical model to analyze the relationship between hate groups and hate crimes. This paper focuses on two important roles of hate groups; as providers of membership benefits for group members and as a coordination device for leadership. This paper shows that this interaction implies the possibility of multiple equilibria of the crime rate. This result explains why hate crimes and extreme criminal activities vary across communities and over time, and why a social shock such as 9/11 resulted in a rapid increase of hate crimes. Moreover, if hate groups work as coordination devices, the existence of hate groups may increase hate crimes. This result supports recent empirical results analyzing relationships between hate groups and hate crimes.
Sportwissenschaft: quo vadis? – Ein Beitrag zur Genese und Struktur der Zeitschrift Sportwissenschaft im Kontext aktueller universitärer Entwicklungen/ Quo vadis, sports science? On the evolution and structure of the German Journal of Sports Science in the context of recent developments in the university system
Authors: Krüger Michael , Emrich Eike 
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Zeitschrift Sportwissenschaft (SpW) besteht seit 1971. Als älteste und einzige interdisziplinäre Zeit­schrift für das Fach Sportwissenschaft genießt sie hohe fachliche Reputation. Im letzten Jahr kam es zu einer vorzeitigen Ablösung und Neubesetzung des Herausgeberkollegiums durch die institu­tioneilen Herausgeber Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund (DOSB), Bundesinstitut für Sportwissen­schaft (BISp) und Deutsche Vereinigung für Sportwissenschaft (dvs). Hintergrund war ein Konflikt über die Bewertung von Publikationsleistungen in der Sportwissenschaft im Zusammenhang mit dem Universitäts-Ranking des Centrums für Hochschulentwicklung (CHE).
Der Beitrag untersucht die Hintergründe dieses Konflikts, indem zunächst die universitären Rah­menbedingungen dargestellt werden, die die Entwicklung des Faches und der Zeitschrift Sportwis­senschaft begleiteten. Die Geschichte der Zeitschrift bildet einen weiteren Schwerpunkt des Artikels, und schließlich geht es auch um ihre Einordnung in den nationalen und internationalen Markt für sportwissenschaftliche Fachzeitschriften. Am Ende stellt sich die Frage nach der Zukunft eines in­terdisziplinären Konzepts für die Sportwissenschaft.
"NÃO PENSE, VEJA!" SOBRE A NOÇÃO DE "SEMELHANÇAS DE FAMÍLIA" EM WITTGENSTEIN
Authors: Hebeche Luiz 
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo mostraremos a releváncia da noção de semelhanças de família naestratégio de Wittgenstein para eliminar a tendência ao essencialismo, moetrando-a como uma tlusão gramatical. Ele convida o leitor das Investigações Filosóficas para que procure ver & não pensar, pois o pensamento filosófico tende a hipostasiar-se em entidades metafísicas, que surgem da nossa “ânsia de generalidade”. Anoção semelhanças de família serve como terapia à ocultação da pessds da linguagem em conceitos universais e abstratos.
DIREITO SUBJETIVO E DEVER JURÍDICO INTERNO EM KANT
Authors: Heck José N. 
Published: July 2019

O ensaio expõe a posição kantiana tardia em relação ao direito e à ética, com destaque para as noções de direito subjetivo e de dever jurídico intemo. Trata-se de mostrar a originalidade de Kant na última versão redacional das doutrinas do direito e da virtude. O trabalho realça a contribuição do direito racional kantiano para os limites da dogmática jurídica atual em face da crescente juridificação das ciênciasnormativas.
SIGNIFICATIVIDADE E ENTIDADE
Authors: Braida Celso 
Published: July 2019

Este artigo trata da definição das noções semânticas. A partir de uma reconsideração das propostas de A. Tarski e E. Tugendhat, defende-se que as noções semânticas são complementares às noções ontológicas, no sentido de que a definição destas pressupõe e completa a definição daquelas.
Investigation of Mineral and Vitamin C Contents in Different Parts of Beetroots (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: SZÉKELY Dóra , FURULYÁS Diána , STÉGER-MÁTÉ Mónika 
Published: July 2019

Due to the increasing popularity of today’s health-conscious culture, beetroot plays an increasingly important role in a healthy, varied diet. While it contains vitamins B1, B2, B6, P, as well as high levels of vitamin C, several studies have proven its role in the prevention of many cancers. The aim of this study was to compare morphological properties, dry matter, and vitamin C and minerals contents in the different parts (peel, end, middle and top part of root) of the three investigated beetroot cultivars grown in treated and untreated soil. Fertilizer was added to the treated soil before sowing of the beet seeds, while untreated soil was not treated. The vitamin C contents were measured using HPLC method, while determination of element contents was determined with IPC-OES. The study showed that the beetroots grow in the treated soil had improved morphological properties, but a significant difference was not found. For Vitamin C and element contents (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Zn), it was observed a high degree of diversity in the different beetroot parts and between the cultivation years. The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of the examined parameters within the beetroot body in different beetroot cultivars observing the differences produced by the addition of fertilizer. Some elements were concentrated in the peel and top part such as Ca, Mn and Mg. The peel part of the beetroots contained relevantly higher Fe content than the top, middle and end part. Based on these results, significant differences were observed among the investigated beetroot cultivars regards of the body weight.

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Priming with Vitamin U Enhances Cold Tolerance of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: FODORPATAKI Laszlo , MOLNAR Katalin , TOMPA Bernat , PLUGARU Sebastian R. C. 
Published: July 2019

Priming may be an efficient pre-treatment of plants in order to enhance their ability to cope with unfavourable growth conditions, and to improve defensive metabolism through elevated levels of protective substances which may also act as health-promoting agents upon human consumption. The aim of this work was to evaluate the beneficial influence of priming with the naturally occurring, but scarcely known vitamin U (S-methylmethionine) on cold stress tolerance of lettuce (the frequently grown ‘May King’ cultivar). Effects on germination, photosynthetic efficiency, as well as on health-promoting carotenoid and vitamin C contents were investigated. Photosynthetic capacity, strongly related to productivity, was evaluated with parameters of induced chlorophyll fluorescence and of leaf gas exchange through stomata, using plants grown in hydroponic cultures. Priming with vitamin U significantly compensated for the delaying effect of low temperature (5 °C) on seed germination, as well as for inhibition of light-converting photochemical reactions and of carbon dioxide assimilation by cold stress. Use of vitamin U to prime lettuce plantlets for low temperature stress resulted in an elevated content of carotenoid pigments and of vitamin C in leaves, which improve the quality of consumed lettuce with respect to the health-promoting capacity. This beneficial influence of vitamin U was not proportional with its concentration (2 mM had no stronger effects than 0.25 mM), so small amounts of this substance were sufficient for a sustained efficiency in promoting hardening against chilling temperatures. This is the first report on priming of lettuce for cold tolerance by using S-methylmethionine (vitamin U), with a possible application in improvement of crop quality and productivity.

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Physiological Effects of the Fungicide Azoxystrobin on Wheat Seedlings under Extreme Heat
Authors: LAN Chiu-Yueh , LIN Kuan-Hung , HUANG Wen-Dar , CHEN Chang-Chang 
Published: July 2019

Azoxystrobin (AZ) is not only a fungicide used for disease control, but also a protective chemical for crops against specific stresses. The physiological mechanism of the fungicide AZ in protecting against heat (HT, 46 °C) stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings was investigated. ‘Taichung SEL-2’ variety seedlings were pretreated with 0.4, 4, 40, 80, and 120 mg L-1 of AZ for 4 d. Next AZ-pretreated and untreated seedlings were subjected to HT for 1 h followed by 1000 μmol m-2 s-1 lighting for 20 min. HT induced oxidant stress which resulted in a decrease in the reducing power, an increase in malondialdehyde, and enhanced enzyme activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) in leaves of untreated seedlings. However, AZ-pretreated seedlings under HT displayed reductions in chlorophyll fluorescence, APX and CAT activities, and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl scavenging capacity. Physiological damage caused by HT was aggravated by an increase in the AZ concentration. In addition, increased photosynthetic pigments were also observed in leaves of AZ-pretreated and HT-exposed seedlings. The results suggest that AZ does not provide a protective effect against HT stress.

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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