bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene mutations associated with thrombosis detected by whole‐exome sequencing in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Li Liyan , Wang Honglei , Liu Hui , Liu Zhaoyun , Li Lijuan , Ding Kai , Wang Guojin , Song Jia , Fu Rong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThrombosis is a most common and lethal complication of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), which is a complex progression and its mechanism remains unclear. We tried to explore the possible genetic background of thrombosis in PNH patients and provide potential gene mutations associated with thrombosis in PNH patients.MethodsThe CD59− cells of 7 PNH and 6 PNH‐ aplastic anemia (AA) patients were sorted by flow cytometry and sequenced by whole‐exome sequencing (WES). The sequencing results and target mutation genes were analyzed and screened, respectively, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathway enrichment analysis was carried out. Finally, the expression of target genes was detected in 22 PNH (including seven cases with thrombus) and 20 normal controls, and the correlation between the expression of mRNA and the clinical thrombus‐related indexes was analyzed.ResultsThe mutation genes screened from 4 PNH with thrombus were BMPR2, F8, ITGA2B, THBD, and THBS1. The pathways enriched by these genes included Notch, Wnt, and arachidonic acid metabolism signaling pathways, which may be related to the pathogenesis of thrombosis in PNH. The BMPR2, THBD, and THBS1 gene expression was significantly different between PNH with and without thrombus group, and the THBS1 gene expression was positively correlated with D‐Dimer and su‐PAR levels.ConclusionsGenetic defects have a non‐negligible effect on the incidence of thrombosis, and therefore, gene mutations maybe a genetic risk factor in PNH, which increase the incidence of thrombosis.
Investigation of final-year pharmacy students' views on professionalism and ethics in pharmacy practice: an interventional study
Authors: Okoro Roland N 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the effects of educational intervention on final-year pharmacy students' views on professional attitudes and actions required for the present day pharmacy practice.

Methods
Final-year pharmacy students (Class 2018) of the largest faculty of pharmacy in north-east Nigeria were enrolled in this study. Interventional lecture and students small group discussions on situational dilemmas in pharmacy practice, highlighting the application of the Oath of Pharmacist and the Pharmacists' Code of Ethics, were instituted. Efficacy of the educational intervention was assessed using eight items of Professionalism in Pharmacy Practice Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics and paired sample t-test.

Key findings
Fifty-seven students (82.4% of the entire final-year class) participated in the study and completed the pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. Of the eight items, seven improved significantly (P &lt; 0.05), whereas the remaining one item also improved but this time with no significant difference.

Conclusion
This study showed that students' views on attitudes and behaviours related to professionalism and ethics in pharmacy practice improved following an educational intervention.
Transitioning from recruit to officer: An investigation of how stress appraisal and coping influence work engagement
Authors: Rodrigues Susana , Sinval Jorge , Queirós Cristina , Marôco João , Kaiseler Mariana 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study investigated stress, coping, and work engagement among Portuguese police officers while undergoing academy training and then 1 year later, when on duty. It was hypothesized that stress appraisal and coping preferences predicted engagement. Additionally, in order to test a full cross‐lagged prediction model, it was hypothesized that stress, coping, and engagement in recruits predicted these variables later when working as police officers. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. Results suggest that coping and stress appraisals do not seem to be strong predictors of work engagement among recruits and police officers on duty. With the exception of self‐blame, that seems to be a strong predictor of work engagement among police officers on duty. These results highlight the need to investigate other potential variables such as working conditions that may better explain work engagement. Considering the positive influence of engagement on health, wellbeing, and performance of police recruits and officers future applied and theoretical implications are discussed.
Luminescence properties of novel Eu3+‐doped tantalate NaCaTiTaO6 red‐emitting phosphors for solid‐state lighting
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Zhong Yifan , Li Zixiu , Liu Bitao , Li Tianbao , Deng Bin , Yu Ruijin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA novel tantalate red‐emitting phosphors NaCa1‐xEuxTiTaO6 (x = 0.02‐0.50) is synthesized via the traditional solid‐state reaction sintering. The photoluminescence properties, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal stability are characterized in detail. Photoluminescence spectra show strong red emission monitored at 614 nm at λex = 395 nm. The spectral properties exhibit excellent color purity and chromaticity coordinate (CIE) characteristics. White light‐emitting diodes (w‐LEDs) device are fabricated by the prepared phosphors and show high quality of color‐rendering index. The investigated results suggest that the Eu3+‐doped NaCaTiTaO6 phosphors can be as potential substitute red phosphors for w‐LEDs.
White light emitting thermally stable bismuth phosphate phosphor Ca3Bi(PO4)3:Dy3+ for solid‐state lighting applications
Authors: Sahu Mukesh K. , Mula Jayasimhadri 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhite light emitting dysprosium‐doped Ca3Bi(PO4)3 phosphor was successfully synthesized via co‐precipitation method for the first time and the structural, vibrational, morphological, and luminescent properties have been investigated for solid‐state lighting applications. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and structural refinement studies reveal that the synthesized phosphors consist of single phase with cubic structure. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) images reveal that the as‐synthesized phosphor has micron size particle with an irregular shape. Under near‐ultraviolet (n‐UV) and blue excitation, the phosphor exhibits white light emission via a combination of blue (~484 nm) and yellow (~575 nm) emission bands. The optimized concentration of Dy3+ ions is 6.0 mol % after which the concentration quenching takes place. The process of energy transfer between Dy3+ ions is due to dipole‐dipole interaction, which was confirmed by applying Dexter's theory. The CIE chromaticity coordinates for the optimized phosphor were (0.329, 0.377), and they lie in the white light region. The emission intensity remains to be 83.41% at 373 K to that of at room temperature, which indicates good thermal stability. The above mentioned results demonstrate that Ca3Bi(PO4)3 is a potential phosphor for solid‐state lighting applications.
Surface stabilities of 3C–SiC and H2O adsorption on the (110) surface
Authors: Peng Sai , Jiang Yong , Xu Canhui , Hu Shuanglin , Wang Yinglou 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFirst‐principles calculations and thermodynamics analyses were combined to study the surface stabilities of 3C–SiC and H2O adsorption on the (110) surface. The stoichiometric (110) surface was predicted to be generally the most stable. Only at the extremely C‐poor condition, the nonstoichiometric Si‐terminated (100) could become more energetically favored. The adsorption and dissociation of single H2O molecule on the 3C–SiC (110) were then comparatively investigated. Calculations show that H2O molecules prefer to partially dissociate into one hydroxyl OH and one H adsorbed at the top‐most Si and C sites, respectively, leading to the formation of a hydrogen network on the surface. The calculated equilibrium adsorption diagram further suggested that the 3C–SiC (110) surface can be only either completely clean or fully covered by the partially dissociated species of H2O, for a wide range of temperature and the partial potential of H2O.
Improving procedural fidelity of behavioural interventions for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A systematic review
Authors: Brady Lucy , Padden Ciara , McGill Peter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite its importance within behavioural intervention, it remains unclear how best to achieve high procedural fidelity. This paper reviewed studies on improving procedural fidelity of behavioural interventions for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD).MethodA systematic literature search was conducted, which identified 20 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Data were extracted on study design, participant characteristics, intervention, target behaviours, effect sizes, maintenance, generalization and social validity. A quality rating was also applied.ResultsA total of 100 participants took part in the included studies. Most participants were teachers working with children in school settings. There was a significant positive correlation between level of procedural fidelity and client outcomes. Feedback was the most commonly employed intervention to improve procedural fidelity.ConclusionsMore research should be conducted in environments with high levels of variability such as community homes to determine how to reach and maintain high levels of procedural fidelity.
Principal factors controlling biodiversity along an elevation gradient: Water, energy and their interaction
Authors: Vetaas Ole R. , Paudel Keshav P. , Christensen Morten 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimVariation in diversity is a well‐documented spatial pattern in biogeography, but an overarching climate‐based theory of diversity is lacking. We evaluate two models of species richness related to species‐richness‐energy theory. One is based on net primary production (NPP) or the more individuals hypothesis (MiH), and the other is a model based on water–energy dynamics (WED). We use taxa from three kingdoms along an extensive elevation‐temperature gradient. Both WED and NPP‐MiH are based on thermal energy, but the question is whether energy operates through regulating production and chemical (potential) energy only (NPP‐MiH), or if kinetic energy as regulator of available liquid water is needed (WED).LocationCentral Himalayas.MethodsThe biodiversity, that is, elevational gamma diversity, of 12 taxa containing animals, plants, and fungi was estimated from range data along an elevation gradient. Generalized linear models were fitted to the species richness data, and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and deviance explained were used to evaluate the NPP‐MiH and WED models. In addition, we tested the relationships with precipitation and length of growing season (LGS) and their interaction.ResultsThe peaks in richness of the taxa are dispersed along the entire Himalayan bioclimatic gradient from the subtropics to the alpine zone. WED performs best for all taxa along the entire gradient. In the non‐tropical zone, NPP‐MiH is best for reptiles, and NPP‐MiH and WED are equally good for mammals and amphibians. Including the length of the growing season in the WED model improves the AIC for eight taxa, and WED is superior for combined cross‐taxon biodiversity along the entire gradient, but WED and NPP‐MiH are equally good in the non‐tropical zone.ConclusionWater–energy dynamics is able to predict peaks in species richness under different climate and primary production conditions; hence, WED is better and more general than NPP‐MiH. The interaction with precipitation and the length of the growing season, which also reflects primary production, improve the model for several organism groups. Hence, LGS may improve and unify future mechanistic first‐principle model of biodiversity.
Landforms contribute to plant biodiversity at alpha, beta and gamma levels
Authors: Tukiainen Helena , Kiuttu Mikko , Kalliola Risto , Alahuhta Janne , Hjort Jan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimGeodiversity underpins biodiversity, but the contribution of specific geofeatures or landforms has rarely been explored. In this study, we use multiple vascular plant species diversity measures on alpha, beta and gamma levels to explore the linkage between biodiversity and co‐located landforms (e.g. gullies, dunes and lake shores). We hypothesize that biodiversity will be positively related to geodiversity, which is founded on distinct landforms. Additionally, we propose that different landforms will sustain different amounts of biodiversity and that high alpha and gamma diversity values are related to landform‐driven moisture availability whereas high beta diversity relates especially to landform‐specific microtopographic variation.LocationRokua UNESCO Global Geopark area, Finland.TaxonVascular plants.MethodsWe compare vascular plant species richness measures, Shannon's and Simpson's diversity indices, rarity‐weighted richness and local contribution to beta diversity at altogether three levels of biodiversity (alpha, beta and gamma) for different landforms. Landform information is compiled from aerial photos, spatial data layers and targeted field surveys. We compare results to control habitat (i.e. sites without any distinct landforms) within the study area.ResultsVascular plant diversity was higher on landforms than in control habitat. There was also notable variation between species diversity of different landforms. Moisture‐rich gullies and river shores were especially diverse at all three levels, whereas aapa mires hosted most unique species composition (highest beta diversity). Beta diversity patterns were rather comparable with alpha and gamma diversity patterns, which contradict our hypothesis.Main conclusionsThis study quantitatively established a strong connection between terrestrial plant communities and multiple landforms. Our results highlighted the landform‐controlled variation in soil moisture, microclimate and microtopography in enhancing plant species diversity. Based on the results, we promote the inclusion of landform‐based geodiversity information in conservation management and in further biogeographical studies.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes renal injury induced by ischemic reperfusion
Authors: Li Jin H , Tang Ying , Lv Jun , Wang Xiao H. , Yang Hui , Tang Patrick M. K. , Huang Xiao R. , He Zhi J. , Zhou Zi J , Huang Qiu Y. , Klug Jörg , Meinhardt Andreas , Fingerle‐Rowson Günter , Xu An P. , Zheng Zhi H. , Lan Hui Yao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is pleiotropic cytokine that has multiple effects in many inflammatory and immune diseases. This study reveals a potential role of MIF in acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients and in kidney ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) mouse model in MIF wild‐type (WT) and MIF knockout (KO) mice. Clinically, plasma and urinary MIF levels were largely elevated at the onset of AKI, declined to normal levels when AKI was resolved and correlated tightly with serum creatinine independent of disease causes. Experimentally, MIF levels in plasma and urine were rapidly elevated after IRI‐AKI and associated with the elevation of serum creatinine and the severity of tubular necrosis, which were suppressed in MIF KO mice. It was possible that MIF may mediate AKI via CD74/TLR4‐NF‐κB signalling as mice lacking MIF were protected from AKI by largely suppressing CD74/TLR‐4‐NF‐κB associated renal inflammation, including the expression of MCP‐1, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, iNOS, CXCL15(IL‐8 in human) and infiltration of macrophages, neutrophil, and T cells. In conclusion, our study suggests that MIF may be pathogenic in AKI and levels of plasma and urinary MIF may correlate with the progression and regression of AKI.
Position statement for the diagnosis and management of anogenital warts
Authors: O'Mahony C. , Gomberg M. , Skerlev M. , Alraddadi A. , de las Heras‐Alonso M.E. , Majewski S. , Nicolaidou E. , Serdaroğlu S. , Kutlubay Z. , Tawara M. , Stary A. , Al Hammadi A. , Cusini M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnogenital warts (AGW) can cause economic burden on healthcare systems and are associated with emotional, psychological and physical issues.ObjectiveTo provide guidance to physicians on the diagnosis and management of AGW.MethodsFourteen global experts on AGW developed guidance on the diagnosis and management of AGW in an effort to unify international recommendations. Guidance was developed based on published international and national AGW guidelines and an evaluation of relevant literature published up to August 2016. Authors provided expert opinion based on their clinical experiences.ResultsA checklist for a patient's initial consultation is provided to help physicians when diagnosing AGW to get the relevant information from the patient in order to manage and treat the AGW effectively. A number of frequently asked questions are also provided to aid physicians when communicating with patients about AGW. Treatment of AGW should be individualized and selected based on the number, size, morphology, location, and keratinization of warts, and whether they are new or recurrent. Different techniques can be used to treat AGW including ablation, immunotherapy and other topical therapies. Combinations of these techniques are thought to be more effective at reducing AGW recurrence than monotherapy. A simplified algorithm was created suggesting patients with 1–5 warts should be treated with ablation followed by immunotherapy. Patients with >5 warts should use immunotherapy for 2 months followed by ablation and a second 2‐month course of immunotherapy. Guidance for daily practice situations and the subsequent action that can be taken, as well as an algorithm for treatment of large warts, were also created.ConclusionThe guidance provided will help physicians with the diagnosis and management of AGW in order to improve the health and quality of life of patients with AGW.
How stabilizing selection and nongenetic inheritance combine to shape the evolution of phenotypic plasticity
Authors: Levis Nicholas A. , Pfennig David W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRelatively little is known about whether and how nongenetic inheritance interacts with selection to impact the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Here, we empirically evaluated how stabilizing selection and a common form of nongenetic inheritance—maternal environmental effects—jointly influence the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in natural populations of spadefoot toads. We compared populations that previous fieldwork has shown to have evolved conspicuous plasticity in resource‐use phenotypes (“resource polyphenism”) with those that, owing to stabilizing selection favouring a narrower range of such phenotypes, appear to have lost this plasticity. We show that: (a) this apparent loss of plasticity in nature reflects a condition‐dependent maternal effect and not a genetic loss of plasticity, that is “genetic assimilation,” and (b) this plasticity is not costly. By shielding noncostly plasticity from selection, nongenetic inheritance generally, and maternal effects specifically, can preclude genetic assimilation from occurring and consequently impede adaptive (genetic) evolution.
Detecting the macroevolutionary signal of species interactions
Authors: Harmon Luke J. , Andreazzi Cecilia S. , Débarre Florence , Drury Jonathan , Goldberg Emma E. , Martins Ayana B. , Melián Carlos J. , Narwani Anita , Nuismer Scott L. , Pennell Matthew W. , Rudman Seth M. , Seehausen Ole , Silvestro Daniele , Weber Marjorie , Matthews Blake 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSpecies interactions lie at the heart of many theories of macroevolution, from adaptive radiation to the Red Queen. Although some theories describe the imprint that interactions will have over long timescales, we are still missing a comprehensive understanding of the effects of interactions on macroevolution. Current research shows strong evidence for the impact of interactions on macroevolutionary patterns of trait evolution and diversification, yet many macroevolutionary studies have only a tenuous relationship to ecological studies of interactions over shorter timescales. We review current research in this area, highlighting approaches that explicitly model species interactions and connect them to broad‐scale macroevolutionary patterns. We also suggest that progress has been made by taking an integrative interdisciplinary look at individual clades. We focus on African cichlids as a case study of how this approach can be fruitful. Overall, although the evidence for species interactions shaping macroevolution is strong, further work using integrative and model‐based approaches is needed to spur progress towards understanding the complex dynamics that structure communities over time and space.
Evaluation of extraction technologies and optimization of microwave and ultrasonic assisted consecutive extraction of phenolic antioxidants from winery byproducts
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Yuxiu , Wang Hongli , Huo Sufang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAcid, enzyme, ultrasonic, and microwave were used to assist extraction of polyphenols in grape pomace, skins, and seeds. The relationship among extraction technologies, polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacities was analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), and the effective extraction condition for specific target was optimized by response surface methodology. Polyphenolic content could be mostly enhanced by microwave‐assisted processing, while PCA showed that ultrasound‐assisted processing had a more positive effect on the antioxidant activity of extracts. Microwave and ultrasonic assisted consecutive extraction on Merlot seed showed the superiority and the numerical optimization for the highest global desirability value of antioxidants extraction was obtained at the condition of 1:24.50 (liquid–solid ratio), 68.00% EtOH, 3.24 min (microwave time) and 60.00 min (sonication time) with desirability of 0.973. The predicted extraction condition of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins were 19.51 mg GAE/g DW, 29.06 mg RE/g DW, and 24.47 mg CE/g DW, respectively; while the values for antioxidant activity were 87.25% hydroxyl radicals‐scavenging activity, 83.39% superoxide radical‐scavenging activity, and 1.86 (at 700 nm) reducing power.Practical applicationsPolyphenols present an important antioxidant activity and health‐beneficial properties. Sustainable and relatively cheap raw material should be utilized in the production, such as winery byproducts. However, microwave‐assisted processing may affect the antioxidant activity of extracts despite that the polyphenolic content could be enhanced. This research provides information about optimization of novel extraction technique (microwave and ultrasonic assisted consecutive extraction), which could be successfully used for polyphenols extraction due to increased yield of target compounds and improved quality of the liquid extracts in terms of antioxidant activity. These findings are a useful tool for producers of winery byproducts to achieve an effective and economically viable extraction process as well as optimal composition and bioactivity in terms of antioxidant capacity.