bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early mobilization for mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yue Meng , Ma Zhan-Ying , Lei Meng-Jie , Cui Chu-Yun , Jin Yi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundEarly mobilization (EM) is a regimen that was carried out by physiotherapists in a relatively early stage. It has been investigated by an increasing number of researchers. However, there has not been a meta-analysis concerning whether EM could benefit the clinical outcomes of critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV). The present systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of EM compared with immobilization for mechanically ventilated patients.MethodsA computerized literature search was performed in six databases for related articles from inception to June 2017. We included randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials and used the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale to assess the quality of included studies. Primary outcomes were measures of muscle function, duration of MV, and incidence of mortality. Secondary outcomes were adverse effects and length of stay (LOS) in intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital.ResultsEight trials were included; of those, only one study without standard EM reported that the intervention was invalid to improve the outcomes. The result of meta-analysis indicated that EM shortened the duration of MV; however, it had no positive effect on mortality and LOS in ICU.ConclusionsThis review suggests that EM improves the muscle function and ventilation duration. Further research highlighting standard intervention and specific groups is needed.
Management of early mobilization in intensive care units: a multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhu Yan-Ping , Xia Li-Xia , Li Guo-Hong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the management of early mobilization (EM) in Chinese intensive care units (ICUs).MethodsThis survey used a cross-sectional, observational design. A total of 65 tertiary and secondary hospitals were enrolled by convenience sampling and investigated using self-designed questionnaires.ResultsWe identified 69 ICUs in Jiangsu, China (response rate: 94.2%). 74.2% (1,004/1,353) of the nurses and nursing managers from 65 ICUs reported mobility practice. For the mobility level, 98.1% (1,327) reported use of in-bed exercise, 5.7% (77) sitting on a side of bed, 21.7% (294) transfer to chair, and 2.4% (33) walking. The most frequently reported barriers to early mobility were unplanned extubation, nursing resource, and absence of physical therapist. Nurses’ educational backgrounds, nursing experience, the lack of nursing resources, absence of physician, and the weakness of patient were the factors that influenced ICU early rehabilitation (P<0.01).ConclusionsAlthough implementation rates for EM in critically ill patients are high, the activity level is generally poor in most of the involved ICUs.
Hemihyperplasia/hemihypertrophy in adolescents: prospective international study
Authors: Vaiman Michael , Shilco Phillip , Roitblat Yulia , Nehuliaieva Lilia , Rosenberg Sari , Leit Aidan , Cleminson Ryan , Shterenshis Michael 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Aim
The reported incidence of isolated hemihyperplasia (IH) has a very wide range (from 1:13,000 to 1:86,000 live births) and further clarification is needed. We hypothesized that a survey of the birth prevalence of IH among newborn infants may underestimate the incidence of IH by overlooking late-onset cases.

Methods
The prospective international multicenter study utilized the two-steps selection tool for an anonymous survey of volunteers of 15–18 years old. The initial step was “three measurements-three questions” screening, or “face-palms-calves survey”. The subsequent step was an in-depth assessment of selected cases to exclude localized, lesional and syndrome-related cases as well as body asymmetry within normative range and to select suspected cases of IH. This step included measurements of various anatomical regions and a subsequent questionnaire. The participants that were selected in a risk group were advised to refer to medical institutions for clinical, genetic and instrumental investigation.

Results
Out of 6000 of selected participants (male, M 3452, female, F 2548), 229 (3.82%) were selected for detailed investigation and 57 (0.95%) were assigned to the risk group. Only 36 of them were actually referred to medical institutions and in two cases the diagnosis of IH was confirmed.

Conclusion
Our survey indicated the prevalence of IH at the age of adolescence as approximately 1:3000. While IH is a hereditary genetic disorder, it may not be detected in newborns and infants and the true prevalence of the disease can be estimated if older age children are screened.
Batch Adsorption of Synthetic Dye by Maclura Pomifera, a New Eco-Friendly Waste Biomass: Experimental Studies and Modeling
Authors: Bounaas Meryem , Bouguettoucha Abdallah , Chebli Derradji , Reffas Abdelbaki , Gatica José Manuel , Amrane Abdeltif 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The removal of Methylene blue (MB) from aqueous medium using alkaline modified Maclura pomifera (NaOH-MMP) has been studied in this work. Results showed that a pH value of 6 was favorable for the adsorption of MB. Rate constants of pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and nth kinetic model were determined to analyze the dynamic of the adsorption process; they showed that adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order and nth kinetic models. The Sips isotherm model was found to be the most relevant to describe MB sorption onto NaOH-MMP with a correlation factor R2 > 0.999. The adsorption capacity of NaOH-MMP was found to be 160 mg g−1 at 25 °C, confirming its biosorbent efficiency for the removal of MB dye from aqueous solutions. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the MB adsorption onto adsorbent was feasible in nature, spontaneous, and exothermique.
Signal Synthesis Model Reference Adaptive Controller with Genetic Algorithm for a Control of Chemical Tank Reactor
Authors: Goud Harsh , Swarnkar Pankaj 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Modelling and controlling of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) is one of the significant problems in the process industry. Chemical reactions inside the CSTR depend on the reference value of the temperature. Design and implementation of suitable control device for such system is a challenge for researchers. This paper proposes the Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) based control strategy as a solution to control problem of CSTR. An enhancement of Signal Synthesis MRAC scheme has been proposed in this study to improve the steady-state and transient-state performance of CSTR. Genetic Algorithm (GA) based controller parameter tuning method is employed to obtain the optimal performance of the controller. This paper presents the design and implementation of conventional Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) tuned with Ziegler–Nichols (ZN) tuning method, PID tuned with GA, MRAC, and GA-MRAC for CSTR. Detailed comparison based on simulation studies is also presented to show the improved transient and steady state response with GA-based improved MRAC scheme.
Synthesis of Ethyl Phenol over Modified HZSM-5 Catalyst in a Fixed Bed Reactor
Authors: Saharan Renuka , Halder Gopinath , Barman Sanghamitra 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The selective synthesis of p-ethyl phenol in vapor phase alkylation of phenol with ethanol was investigated in a fixed bed flow reactor on cerium modified zeolite CeZSM5 at temperature 693 K. A series of cerium modified zeolite such as Ce4ZSM54, Ce6ZSM56, Ce8ZSM58, Ce10ZSM5 were prepared by modifying with 4 %, 6 %, 8 % and 10 % ceric ammonium nitrate solution respectively. HZSM-5 zeolite exchanged with 10 % cerium nitrate solution was proved to be the best of all the catalyst used. The modified catalyst was further characterized by SEM, XRD and EDS. Phenol reacted with ethanol to form ethylphenyl ether by O-alkylation, and p-ethylphenol- and o-ethylphenol isomers by C-alkylation; secondary products were m-ethylphenol and dialkylated compounds. Reactions were carried out in the temperature 623 K–693 K, reactant mole ratio 0.2–0.5 over modified HZSM-5 zeolite. The optimum operating condition for maximum selectivity of p-ethyl phenol were EtOH to phenol mole ratio, 4:1; temperature, 623 K; space-time, 10.2 kg h/kmol and 1 atm pressure. A detailed kinetic study was carried out for the ethyl phenol synthesis reaction. From the product distribution pattern, a kinetic model for the reactions was proposed following the Langmuir–Hinshelwood approach. The kinetic and adsorption parameters of the rate equation were determined by non-linear regression analysis. From the kinetic analysis of the experimental data, the apparent activation energy for the reaction was determined as 43.27 kJ/mol.
The concept of minority/minorities in the European national and supranational EU discourse
Authors: Yagmur Kutlay 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
European discourse on linguistic minorities reflect the construction of inter-ethnic boundaries between national (such as Dutch or French), indigenous minorities (such as Basque, Catalan or Frisian), and immigrant minorities (Arabic, Berber or Turkish). In the European public discourse on immigrant minority groups, two major characteristics emerge: immigrant minority groups are often referred to as foreigners (étrangers, Ausländer) and as being in need of integration. It is common practice to refer to immigrant minority groups in terms of non-national residents and to their languages in terms of non-territorial, non-regional, non-indigenous, or non-European languages. This conceptual exclusion rather than inclusion in the European public discourse derives from a restrictive interpretation of the notions of citizenship and nationality. Based on the empirical evidence derived from Language Rich Europe project, a phenomenological perspective on ethnic minorities and inter-ethnic boundary construction will be presented in this paper.
Crystal structure of ethyl (E)-1-(3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,4]diazepine-3-carboxylate, C23H23N3O6
Authors: Tan Hong-bo , Hu Chun-sheng 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
C23H23N3O6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.235(6) Å, b = 11.251(7) Å, c = 17.814(10) Å, β = 98.872(12)°, V = 2225(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0581, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1590, T = 296(2) K.
Convergence of Defence Burdens in Asia-Pacific Economies: A Residual Augmented Least Squares Approach
Authors: Solarin Sakiru Adebola 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates convergence of military burdens in the Asia-Pacific countries. Two different datasets of military expenditure have been used in the analysis including the datasets from Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) and World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers (WMEAT). Unlike the existing papers on convergence of military burdens, we adopt a two-step method that allows the identification of countries that contribute to both stochastic and beta convergence. In the course of investigating the stochastic convergence, we use a residual augmented least squares (RALS) unit root test. The results suggest a weak evidence for convergence of military burdens in Asia-Pacific region, which is a departure from the majority of the existing studies that have provided substantial evidence of convergence. We further examine sigma convergence and the results suggest mixed evidence for convergence of military burdens. The policy implications of the results are discussed in the conclusion section.
Rheology of poly(lactic acid)/poly(trimethylene terephthalate) blends compatibilized by clay or maleic anhydride-grafted poly(ethylene-octene) elastomer
Authors: Lin Gwo-Geng , Song Yi-Hu , Huang Chao-Tsai , Sipos Marek , Tu Zhaokang 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Blends of two biobased polymers, poly(lactic acid) and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT), were compatibilized with either maleic anhydride-grafted poly(ethylene-octene) (mPOE) or organically modified clay (Cloisite 30B). Dynamic rheological measurements revealed that the mPOE inclusion resulted in a four-fold increase in viscosity relative to the noncompatibilized blends. By loading 3 wt% Cloisite 30B, the storage moduli of the blends showed a distinct solid-like behavior and high complex viscosity in the low-frequency region, which can be interpreted by the reduced sizes of the PTT phase evidenced from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrography. A temperature sweep of the viscosity of the blends starting from 180°C revealed that the existence of an unmelted PTT dispersed phase might impede the decline in viscosity with increasing temperature near the melting point of PTT. The introduced compatibilizers can restrict the temperature-dependent morphology evolution, and the use of the 3 wt% 30B clay can prohibit the morphology evolution during the temperature sweep.
Melatonin and its anti-glioma functions: a comprehensive review
Authors: Maitra Sayantan , Bhattacharya Debanjan , Das Stabak , Bhattacharya Subhrajit 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a naturally synthesized hormone secreted from the pineal gland in a variety of animals and is primarily involved in the regulation of the circadian rhythm, which is the natural cycle controlling sleep in organisms. Melatonin acts on specific receptors and has an important role in overall energy metabolism. This review encompasses several aspects of melatonin activity, such as synthesis, source, structure, distribution, function, signaling and its role in normal physiology. The review highlights the cellular signaling and messenger systems involved in melatonin’s action on the body and their wider implications, the distribution and diverse action of different melatonin receptors in specific areas of the brain, and the pharmacological agonists and antagonists that have specific action on these melatonin receptors. This review also incorporates the antitumor effects of melatonin in considerable detail, emphasizing on melatonin’s role as an adjuvant therapeutic agent in glioma treatment. We conclude that the diminishing levels of melatonin have significant debilitating effects on normal physiology and can also be associated with malignant conditions such as glioma. Based on the review of the available evidence, our study provides a broad platform for a better understanding of the specific roles of melatonin and serves as a starting point for further investigation into the therapeutic effect of melatonin in glioma as an adjuvant therapeutic agent.
Revisiting unselected embedded questions in the light of Classical Greek wh-clauses
Authors: Faure Richard 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses the issue of the questions embedded under predicates normally selecting for propositions likeknow(unselected embedded questions UEQ). This problem was handled in Adger and Quer (Adger, David & Josep Quer. 2001. The syntax and semantics of unselected embedded questions.Language77. 107–133) and Öhl (Öhl, Peter. 2007. Unselected embedded interrogatives in German and English : S-selection as dependency formation. Linguistische Berichte 212. 403–438). Both articles notice a difference betweenyes/no-andwh-questions. The distribution of the latter seems to be less restricted. However data from Classical Greek shed new light on the matter. Classical Greek uses two sets ofwh-items in what looks like embedded questions (h- andt-). It is shown thath-clauses do not denote questions but propositions. The selection mismatch arises witht-clauses. They denote questions and have the same distribution asyes/no-questions. Moreover Classical Greek provides new evidence in favor of 1) the sensitivity of the UEQ to the polarity of the environment, building on Giannakidou’s (Giannakidou, Anastasia. 1998.Polarity sensitivity as (non) veridical dependency. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins) definition of nonveridicality; 2) the presence of a determiner on top of the UEQ as proposed in Adger and Quer (2001). The article argues nevertheless that the sensitivity is not due to the determiner, but to an operator going along with UEQs. It is shown that the determiner is a type-shifter turning the question into a proposition and thus repairing the apparent selection mismatch.
On the Dissipative Propagation in Oppositely Charged Dusty Fluids
Authors: Alamri Sultan Z. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The dissipative propagation due to the dust viscosity of dust nonlinear shock acoustic wave in a collisionless, unmagnetised, oppositely charged viscous dusty plasma with trapped ion has been examined using parameters related to mesosphere and magnetosphere of Jupiter. The modified dissipative Korteweg de Vries–Burgers equation describes the model and solves according to different physical dissipation conditions. The physical effects of two dusty kinematic viscosity coefficients and positively charged dust grains on the shock properties are investigated.
Synthesis and structure of the donor-free potassium silanide K[SiPh3]
Authors: Alig Edith , Georg Isabelle , Sänger Inge , Fink Lothar , Wagner Matthias , Lerner Hans-Wolfram 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The donor-free potassium silanide K[SiPh3] was prepared by the reaction of hexaphenyldisilane, Ph3Si–SiPh3, with potassium metal in benzene at room temperature. The solid-state structure, determined by powder X-ray diffraction consists of {K[SiPh3]}2 units, which interact with adjacent dimers to form an infinite chain along the crystallographic c axis (orthorhombic, space group Cmc21, Z=4). The structure features short contacts between the π system of the phenyl rings and the potassium atoms of neighbouring K[SiPh3] units.
Diatomeas de Texcala, Puebla
Authors: Ibarra Vázquez Claudia , Novelo Eberto 
Published: January 2019

57 species a n d infraspecific taxa belong to 17 genus of diatoms from a creek in Texcala, near Tehuacan City, Puebla, Mexico are registered. Six taxa not reported before from Mexico are illustrated and escribed with notes of some eco logical characteristics and their geographical distribution. The new records are: Cocconeis scutellum var. parva (Grunow) Cleve, Cymbella turgidula Grunow, Navicula recens Lange Bertalot, Pleurosigma salinarum (Grunow), Nitzschia calida Grunow, Nitzschia constricta (Kützing) Ralfs.
Musgos mexicanos: una flora de transición en el Continente Americano
Authors: Delgadillo-M. Claudio 
Published: January 2019

The Mexican moss flora, with about 967 species and varieties, is essentially neotropical in character, but it also contains numerous boreal, southern and widely distributed taxa; their world and local ranges suggest that Mexico is the site of convergence of tropical and temperate floras that segregate altitudinally along the mountains and are separated latitudinally by the Neovolcanic Belt. The southern part of the country contains mostly tropical taxa whose distribution may extend northward beyond 20°N along the coastal plains.
Anatomía de la corteza de tres especies de leguminosas I. Origen y desarrollo
Authors: Orduño-Cruz Andrés , Terrazas Teresa 
Published: January 2019

Origin and development of bark Pithecellobium dulce, Acacia cochliacantha and A. farnesiana were studied anatomically. The periderm in the three species has a subepidermic origin, near the apex of the branches formed during the present growth season. Fast periderm development probably has ecological adaptations, since periderm protects from high temperatures and diseccation and also may act as an alternative photosynthetic tissue during the deciduous season. Species described show a thin, fibrous bark, generally smooth with abundant lenticels and distinctive odor. They possess sieve tube members arranged in groups or members solitary with compound sieve plate, axial parenchyma diffuse or in bands, fibers arranged in bands, and some dilated rays. They form a single periderm, without rhytidome. These characteristics are shared with other legumes, but they are distinctive by their ray size
Composición y estructura de una nopalera bajo situaciones contrastantes de exposición de ladera y herbivoría
Authors: Del Castillo Rafael F. 
Published: January 2019

The composition and structure of a nopalera, a community dominated by prickly-pear plants (Opuntia spp.), were compared in four sites contrasting in slope aspect (north and south) and herbivory (overgrassed and conserved). Meteorological and soil evaluations were also performed. The northern slope had the shortest periods of direct sunlight exposure, the lowest temperature, and the highest leveIs of humidity and soil matric potential. Although, Opuntia dominated in ali slopes, north slopes had dominant species typical of colder habitats, and absent in south slopes, such as Quercus grisea. The herbs were the most variable in composition and structure, and contributed to the highest number of species. lnvader plants, toxic, or with low or null palatability, mainly compositae shrubs, were only found in the overgrassed sites. Ferns, grasses, legumes, except spiny legumes, were notoriously reduced in such sites. Also, plant cover and soil surface occupied by plants decreased, the latter at the expense of bare soil. Conserved and north exposed sites had the highest diversity and evenness.
Morfología de semilla, germinación y desarrollo postemergente de tres especies del género Polianthes L. (Agavaceae)
Authors: Serrano-Casas Héctor , Solano-Camacho Eloy , Ocampo-López Adelaida 
Published: January 2019

Se estudió la germinación y desarrollo postemergente de Polianthes geminiflora (Lex.) Rose var. geminiflora, Polianthes sp. y P. longiflora Rose. La viabilidad de las semillas va rió de 94 a 100%. Las semillas fueron remojadas en agua a 25ºC durante tres, seis y doce horas; en este tratamiento, así como en el testigo, se observó un incremento en el porcentaje, velocidad y uniformidad de germinación. Por otro lado, a 40ºC por tres, seis y doce horas las semillas de P geminiflora var. geminiflora . resistieron mejor esta temperatura de remojo que las de Polianthes sp. y P. longiflora . Las tres especies presentaron germinación epígea y su cotiledón desarrolló un haustorio. Las semillas estudiadas no presentan latencia y son ortodoxas. Se registraron diferencias significativas en la longitud de la primera hoja entre las species estudiadas. Finalmente la morfología de las semillas, su proceso germinativo y el desarrollo de plántulas fueron similares e n las tres especies.
Anatomía comparada del tallo y de la raíz de las especies del género Neoevansia Marshall (Cactaceae)
Authors: Herrera-Cárdenas Roberto , Terrazas Teresa , Loza-Cornejo Sofía 
Published: January 2019

Se estudiaron los caracteres anatómicos de las especies de Neoevansia con el objetivo de evaluar la contribución de la anatomía en la sistemática del género. Se analizaron caracteres de los sistemas dérmico, fundamental y vascular de tallo y raíz y compararon con los de algunas especies de Peniocereus, Wilcoxia y Echinocereus. Los resultados mostraron que N. striata se caracteriza por presentar hipodermis no colenquimatosa de un solo estrato y punteaduras intervasculares alternas en elementos de vaso del xilema secundario; mientras que N. lazaro-cardenasii y N. zopilotensis se distinguen anatómicamente entre sí por el tamaño de las células epidérmicas y el grosor de la hipodermis. El incremento en volumen en las raíces tuberosas se relaciona principalmente a las divisiones del parénquima radial. Neoevansia lazaro-cardenasii, N. zopilotensis y N. striata comparten con Peniocereus la presencia de madera fibrosa y fibras sobre el floema. Los resultados apoyan las propuestas de varios autores de transferir a las especies de Neoevansia al género Peniocereus.