bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Hollow Graphene Flowers Synthesized by Cu‐Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Yang Jie , Qian Xihui , Li Hao , Wang Huaping , Xue Xudong , Cai Le , Hu PingAn , Yu Gui 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNovel hollow graphene flowers (HGFs) are synthesized by a Cu‐assisted chemical vapor deposition. Multilayer graphene films and vertical‐oriented graphene nanosheets are grown on hollow silica spheres successively by controlling the CH4/H2 flow and growth time. After graphene growth, HSS templates are removed to achieve HGFs. The π‐conjugated systems and unique morphology of HGFs lead to apparent adsorption ability for dyes and phenol molecules. This work provides a facile way to produce unique hollow structure graphene with massive edges for different applications in the future.
Facet‐Dependent Phase Control by Band Filling and Anisotropic Electron–Lattice Coupling in HVO2 Epitaxial Films
Authors: Yoon Hyojin , Park Jaeseoung , Choi Si‐Young , Lee Donghwa , Son Junwoo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUnlike the substitutional dopants, interstitial hydrogen effectively supplies significant amount of carriers in the empty narrow d band in correlated electronic systems by reversibly adding it into interstitial sites. Here, it is demonstrated that hydrogenated VO2, a heavily hydrogenated correlated insulating phase with 3d2 electronic configuration, can be thermodynamically stabilized by topotactically preserving its lattice framework regardless of the facet direction of VO2 epilayers. However, the kinetics of phase modulation and the response of out‐of‐plane lattice expansion are clearly affected by the orientation of the crystal facet, which is attributed to the anisotropy in the diffusion of hydrogen atoms and to anisotropic expansion induced by chemical stress. This result demonstrates universal electron‐doping‐induced phase transition near‐integer numbers of d band filling in correlated electronic systems and also supports the idea that orientation of crystallographic facets can be exploited to control the rate of electronic phase transition and the degree of electron–lattice coupling.
Paper‐Based Resistive Networks for Scalable Skin‐Like Sensing
Authors: Zou Xiyue , Chen Chuyang , Liang Tongfen , Xie Jingjin , Gillette‐Henao Eda‐Nicole , Oh Jihoon , Tumalle Jonathan , Mazzeo Aaron D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis work presents a unique approach to the design, fabrication, and characterization of paper‐based, skin‐like sensors that use patterned resistive networks for passive, scalable sensing with a reduced number of interconnects. When touched or wetted with water, the sensors in the resistive networks detect significant changes in electrical impedance. Fabricating these resistive networks and sensors in a single sheet of metallized paper reduces the number of distinct inputs/outputs to the arrayed sensors. For human–electrode interactions, circuit‐based models guide the design/material processing of the resistive networks and selection of operating frequencies—typically ranging between 80 kHz and 1 MHz. As an example, a paper‐based touchpad with only two connecting wires (i.e., excitation and ground) functions as a 31‐button keypad. These resistive networks are also capable of spatially mapping contact with dispensed droplets of water in a dry environment and operating when bent. The reported results mark a technological advance in capacitive sensing with resistive networks to reduce the number of required interconnects while providing scientific understanding and modeling of human–electrode interactions for flexible electronic devices. Future skin‐like sensors with patterned resistive networks have the potential to contribute to scalable forms of human–machine interfaces, wearable devices, and liquid‐leak detectors.
Back Cover: Synthesis, Structure and Biological Activities of Novel 2‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐ 6‐arylimidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]‐thiadiazole (bis‐)Mannich Base Derivatives Containing Substitutedpiperazine Moiety (Chin. J. Chem. 7/2018)
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Zhengming , Song Haibin , Wang Baolei 
Published: June 2018

The back cover picture shows a convenient and practicable synthesis of novel 2‐(trifluoromethyl)‐6‐arylimidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]‐thiadiazole (bis‐)Mannich base derivatives containing various substitutedpiperazine motif. Based on the C‐Mannich reaction of unusual intermediate – 2‐(trifluoromethyl)‐6‐arylimidazothiadiazole, with (4‐substituted) piperazine and formaldehyde in ethanol and acetic acid, the target compounds have been achieved conveniently with satisfying yields. Meanwhile, the cover picture shows that some of the target compounds possess favourable pesticidal activities (e.g. fungicidal and insecticidal). This research will provide important information for relevant synthetic studies of imidazole‐fused‐heterocycle derivatives and their applications in agrochemical area. More details are discussed in the article by Wang et al. on page 635–638.
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Influence of Polymer Additives on the Efficiency and Stability of Ambient‐Air Solution‐Processed Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Deng , Zhang Lei , Deng Kaiming , Zhang Weina , Song Jing , Wu Jihuai , Lan Zhang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIt is challenging to fabricate efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in ambient air conditions without special controlled humidity. Here, we report a facile polymer additive route to overcome the problem. We find that the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) additives can both obviously enhance the quality of the perovskite films compared with the pristine one. Especially, the perovskite film with PVB additive shows clearer improved quality because of the formation of larger crystal grains which can go from bottom to top and smoother surface with the lower root‐mean‐square roughness of 23.4 nm than that of the one with PVA additive (45.6 nm). The improved quality of the perovskite films with PVB additive contributes to better photovoltaic performance and long‐term stability of the devices. The PSCs with PVB additive can achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.10 % and a small hysteresis index of 0.039, which are both better than those of the pristine ones (15.14 % and 0.148, respectively). Furthermore, the PSC with PVB additive can maintain a relatively high PCE of 12.43 % after being stored in a humid ambient air condition without any encapsulation, whereas the pristine one drops to a very low PCE of 5.18 %. This work demonstrates the valuable PVB additive route for developing efficient and stable PSCs in ambient air conditions.
Thermal Annealing Effect of Co−N−C/Carbon Nanotube on the Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Liu Zong , Xue Jia , Yu Huaguang , Xu Yu , Feng Ligang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21603041), A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution and Top‐notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PPZY2015B112). We also acknowledge the technical support received at the Testing Center of Yangzhou University.
Petaloid recombinant peptide enhances in vitro cartilage formation by synovial mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Naritomi Mana , Mizuno Mitsuru , Katano Hisako , Ozeki Nobutake , Otabe Koji , Komori Keiichiro , Fujii Shizuka , Ichinose Shizuko , Tsuji Kunikazu , Koga Hideyuki , Muneta Takeshi , Sekiya Ichiro 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTIn vitro chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) mimics in vivo chondrogenesis of MSCs. However, the size of the cartilage pellets that can be attained in vitro is limited by current methods; therefore, some modifications are required to obtain larger pellets. Petaloid pieces of recombinant peptide (petaloid RCP) have the advantage of creating spaces between cells in culture. The RCP used here is based on the alpha‐1 sequence of human collagen type I and contains 12 Arg‐Gly‐Asp motifs. We examined the effect and mechanisms of adding petaloid RCP on the in vitro chondrogenesis of human synovial MSCs by culturing 125k cells with or without 0.125 mg petaloid RCP in chondrogenic medium for 21 days. The cartilage pellets were sequentially analyzed by weight, sulfated glycosaminoglycan content, DNA retention, and histology. Petaloid RCP significantly increased the weight of the cartilage pellets: The petaloid RCP group weighed 7.7 ± 1.2 mg (n = 108), whereas the control group weighed 5.3 ± 1.6 mg. Sulfated glycosaminoglycan and DNA contents were significantly higher in the petaloid RCP group than in the control group. Light and transmission electron microscopy images showed that the petaloid RCP formed the framework of the pellet at day 1, the framework was broken by production of cartilage matrix by the synovial MSCs at day 7, and the cartilage pellet grew larger, with diffuse petaloid RCP remaining, at day 21. Therefore, petaloid RCP formed a framework for the pellet, maintained a higher cell number, and promoted in vitro cartilage formation of synovial MSCs. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1350–1357, 2019.
Generating synthetic CTs from magnetic resonance images using generative adversarial networks
Authors: Emami Hajar , Dong Ming , Nejad‐Davarani Siamak P. , Glide‐Hurst Carri K. 
Published: June 2018

PurposeWhile MR‐only treatment planning using synthetic CTs (synCTs) offers potential for streamlining clinical workflow, a need exists for an efficient and automated synCT generation in the brain to facilitate near real‐time MR‐only planning. This work describes a novel method for generating brain synCTs based on generative adversarial networks (GANs), a deep learning model that trains two competing networks simultaneously, and compares it to a deep convolutional neural network (CNN).MethodsPost‐Gadolinium T1‐Weighted and CT‐SIM images from fifteen brain cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed. The GAN model was developed to generate synCTs using T1‐weighted MRI images as the input using a residual network (ResNet) as the generator. The discriminator is a CNN with five convolutional layers that classified the input image as real or synthetic. Fivefold cross‐validation was performed to validate our model. GAN performance was compared to CNN based on mean absolute error (MAE), structural similarity index (SSIM), and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) metrics between the synCT and CT images.ResultsGAN training took ~11 h with a new case testing time of 5.7 ± 0.6 s. For GAN, MAEs between synCT and CT‐SIM were 89.3 ± 10.3 Hounsfield units (HU) and 41.9 ± 8.6 HU across the entire FOV and tissues, respectively. However, MAE in the bone and air was, on average, ~240–255 HU. By comparison, the CNN model had an average full FOV MAE of 102.4 ± 11.1 HU. For GAN, the mean PSNR was 26.6 ± 1.2 and SSIM was 0.83 ± 0.03. GAN synCTs preserved details better than CNN, and regions of abnormal anatomy were well represented on GAN synCTs.ConclusionsWe developed and validated a GAN model using a single T1‐weighted MR image as the input that generates robust, high quality synCTs in seconds. Our method offers strong potential for supporting near real‐time MR‐only treatment planning in the brain.
Mononuclear Copper(II) Halide Complexes with Tetradentate N3S‐Coordinate Ligands: Synthesis, Structures and Bioactivities
Authors: Sadhu Mehul H. , Saini Jaswinder K. , Ingle Sanjay S. , Kumar Sujit B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA series of mononuclear copper(II) complexes [Cu(bdmpe/bpmpe)X]Y [bdmpe= N,N‐bis((3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)methyl)‐2‐(phenylthio)ethan‐1‐amine, Y=PF6−, X=Cl 1, Br 3 and Y=BF4−, X=Cl 2, Br 4; bpmpe=N,N‐bis((1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)methyl)‐2‐(phenylthio)ethan‐1‐amine; Y=PF6−, X=Cl 5, Br 7 and Y=BF4−, X=Cl 6, Br 8] have been synthesized by the reaction of copper halides with ligands bdmpe/bpmpe in presence of Y and characterized. Single crystal X‐ray crystallography study indicates that complexes are mononuclear with distorted square pyramidal geometry. Complexes 1 and 7 show supramolecular dimeric nature due to short intermolecular interactions. The antimicrobial activity of all complexes were investigated against Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial strain by agar well dilution method and have demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity of the compounds. The studies on the interaction of complexes and DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis method revealed that the complexes can effectively cleave the circular plasmid DNA at very low concentrations.
A Liquid‐Crystal‐Based System for Differentiating Structurally Related Analytes
Authors: Mishra Kirtika , Kumar Singh Sachin , Singh Bachcha 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe report a new approach for differentiating structurally related analytes using a liquid crystal (LC) based system. In this work we have combined two principles (analyte‐surfactant interactions and host‐guest inclusion) at LC/aqueous interface to differentiate structurally related analytes methyl red (MR) and methyl orange (MO). On introducing MR/MO in aqueous solution containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), the optical response of 4‐cyano‐4′‐pentylbiphenyl (5CB) changes from dark to bright in presence of MR but remains same in the presence of MO. This observation implies interaction of analyte (MR) and surfactant (SDS), thus effectively displacing SDS adsorbed at the 5CB/aqueous interface. Further, competitive inclusion complex formation of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) with SDS or with analyte (dye, MR/MO) was visualized through changes in the optical response of 5CB at SDS‐laden 5CB/aqueous interface. On addition of MR/MO to the SDS‐β‐CD complex solution the optical response of 5CB changes from bright to dark in presence of MO but remains same in the presence of MR. This implicates that homeotropic orientation of 5CB resulted due to the reorganization of displaced SDS molecules from β‐CD cavity at the 5CB/aqueous interface. Overall, this LC based system demonstrates differentiation of structurally related analytes in the absence and presence of β‐CD.
Partitioning of Oxygen Between Ferropericlase and Earth's Liquid Core
Authors: Davies C. J. , Pozzo M. , Gubbins D. , Alfè D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTransfer of oxygen between Earth's core and lowermost mantle is important for determining the chemistry and nature of stratification on both sides of the core‐mantle boundary (CMB). Previous studies have found that oxygen enters the metal when Fe‐O liquid equilibrates with representative lower mantle materials. However, experiments have not yet been conducted at CMB pressure‐temperature conditions. Here we use density functional theory to obtain the first estimates of oxygen partitioning between liquid Fe‐O‐Si metals and ferropericlase at CMB conditions. Our method successfully reproduces experimentally derived partitioning data at 134 GPa and 3200 K, while our calculations show a strong increase of oxygen partitioning into metal with temperature and a weaker increase with pressure, consistent with previous work. At CMB conditions of 135 GPa and 4000–4700 K oxygen partitioning into metal is higher than previous estimates and increases strongly with metal oxygen concentration. Analysis of the lower mantle chemical boundary layer shows that oxygen transport through the solid is severely limited even with the enhanced partitioning and is unlikely to explain the thickness of a stably stratified layer below the CMB inferred from seismology. However, if the lower mantle was molten in early times, as suggested by core evolution models with high thermal conductivity, then the mass flux and stable layer thickness are significantly increased.
Field‐Aligned Currents Originating From the Magnetic Reconnection Region: Conjugate MMS‐ARTEMIS Observations
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Pritchett P. L. , Angelopoulos V. , Zhang X.‐J. , Nakamura R. , Lu S. , Runov A. , Fuselier S. A. , Wellenzohn S. , Plaschke F. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Ergun R. E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNear‐Earth magnetic reconnection reconfigures the magnetotail and produces strong plasma flows that transport plasma sheet particles and electromagnetic energy to the inner magnetosphere. An essential element of such a reconfiguration is strong, transient field‐aligned currents. These currents, believed to be generated within the plasma sheet and closed at the ionosphere, are responsible for magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling during substorms. We use conjugate measurements from Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) at the plasma sheet boundary (around x ∼− 10RE) and Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) at the equator (around x ∼− 60RE) to explore the potential generation region of these currents. We find a clear correlation between the field‐aligned current intensity measured by MMS and the tailward plasma sheet flows measured by ARTEMIS. To better understand the origin of this correlation, we compare spacecraft observations with results from 3‐D particle‐in‐cell simulations of magnetotail reconnection. The comparison reveals that field‐aligned currents and plasma flows start, wax, and wane due to the development of a reconnection region between MMS (near‐Earth) and ARTEMIS (at lunar distance). A weak correlation between the field‐aligned current intensity at MMS and earthward flow magnitudes at ARTEMIS suggests that distant magnetotail reconnection does not significantly contribute to the generation of the observed near‐Earth currents. Our findings support the idea that the dominant role of the near‐Earth magnetotail reconnection in the field‐aligned current generation is likely responsible for their transient nature, whereas more steady distant tail reconnection would support long‐term field‐aligned current system.
Why Do Models Produce Spread in Snow Albedo Feedback?
Authors: Thackeray Chad W. , Qu Xin , Hall Alex 
Published: June 2018

Key Points

Structurally varying snowpack, vegetation, and albedo parameterizations drive most of the intermodel spread in snow albedo feedback
Many models now exhibit a more realistic feedback than in the past, but issues with two models limit the reduction in ensemble spread
Preliminary signs from ongoing model development are positive and suggest a likely reduction in spread among upcoming models
Modeling the Effect of Radiation on Warm Rain Initiation
Authors: Zeng Xiping 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA new model that resolves cloud drop size with thousands of bins is developed to simulate the growth of cloud drops by collision. The model is then evaluated with the analytic solution, showing that the model is quite accurate. Finally, the model is extended to properly incorporate the effect of radiation on drop growth. Model results reveal that warm rain can form within half an hour once the radiative effect is taken into account. Such sensitivity of warm rain initiation to radiation is consistent with the warm cloud observations of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite (Liu & Zipser, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2641.1) and the Rain In shallow Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) campaign (Small & Chuang, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JAS2600.1).
Uncontrolled hypertension increases risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in US adults: the NHANES III Linked Mortality Study
Authors: Zhou Donghao , Xi Bo , Zhao Min , Wang Liang , Veeranki Sreenivas P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractClinical trials had provided evidence for the benefit effect of antihypertensive treatments in preventing future cardiovascular disease (CVD) events; however, the association between hypertension, whether treated/untreated or controlled/uncontrolled and risk of mortality in US population has been poorly understood. A total of 13,947 US adults aged ≥18 years enrolled in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994) were used to conduct this study. Mortality outcome events included all-cause, CVD-specific, heart disease-specific and cerebrovascular disease-specific deaths, which were obtained from linked 2011 National Death Index (NDI) files. During a median follow-up of 19.1 years, there were 3,550 all-cause deaths, including 1,027 CVD deaths. Compared with normotensives, treated but uncontrolled hypertensive patients were at higher risk of all-cause (HR = 1.62, 95%CI = 1.35–1.95), CVD-specific (HR = 2.23, 95%CI = 1.66–2.99), heart disease-specific (HR = 2.19, 95%CI = 1.57–3.05) and cerebrovascular disease-specific (HR = 3.01, 95%CI = 1.91–4.73) mortality. Additionally, untreated hypertensive patients had increased risk of all-cause (HR = 1.40, 95%CI = 1.21–1.62), CVD-specific (HR = 1.77, 95%CI = 1.34–2.35), heart disease-specific (HR = 1.69, 95%CI = 1.23–2.32) and cerebrovascular disease-specific death (HR = 2.53, 95%CI = 1.52–4.23). No significant differences were identified between normotensives, and treated and controlled hypertensives (all p > 0.05). Our study findings emphasize the benefit of secondary prevention in hypertensive patients and primary prevention in general population to prevent risk of mortality later in life.
Enhanced proliferation of pancreatic acinar cells in MRL/MpJ mice is driven by severe acinar injury but independent of inflammation
Authors: Bombardo Marta , Malagola Ermanno , Chen Rong , Carta Arcangelo , Seleznik Gitta M. , Hills Andrew P. , Graf Rolf , Sonda Sabrina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAdult pancreatic acinar cells have the ability to re-enter the cell cycle and proliferate upon injury or tissue loss. Despite this mitotic ability, the extent of acinar proliferation is often limited and unable to completely regenerate the injured tissue or restore the initial volume of the organ, thus leading to pancreatic dysfunction. Identifying molecular determinants of enhanced proliferation is critical to overcome this issue. In this study, we discovered that Murphy Roths Large (MRL/MpJ) mice can be exploited to identify molecular effectors promoting acinar proliferation upon injury, with the ultimate goal to develop therapeutic regimens to boost pancreatic regeneration. Our results show that, upon cerulein-induced acinar injury, cell proliferation was enhanced and cell cycle components up-regulated in the pancreas of MRL/MpJ mice compared to the control strain C57BL/6. Initial damage of acinar cells was exacerbated in these mice, manifested by increased serum levels of pancreatic enzymes, intra-pancreatic trypsinogen activation and acinar cell apoptosis. In addition, MRL/MpJ pancreata presented enhanced inflammation, de-differentiation of acinar cells and acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. Manipulation of inflammatory levels and mitogenic stimulation with the thyroid hormone 5,3-L-tri-iodothyronine revealed that factors derived from initial acinar injury rather than inflammatory injury promote the replicative advantage in MRL/MpJ mice.
Frei von Zusatzstoffen – Clean Labelling
Authors: König Jürgen 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungZusatzstoffe sind in aller Munde, sowohl in der eigentlichen Bedeutung des Wortes als auch im übertragenen Sinn – gibt es doch kaum einen Bestandteil von
Lebensmitteln, der kontroverser diskutiert wird. Laut dem Eurobarometer Spezial 354 „Lebensmittelrisiken“ sehen durchschnittlich 9 % der europäischen
Bevölkerung „Nahrungsmittelzusatzstoffe, Farbstoffe, Konservierungsstoffe“ als mögliches Problem oder Risiko bei Lebensmitteln an (ungestützte Frage).
Zusatzstoffe liegen damit an gleicher Position wie die Faktoren „Fettsucht und Übergewicht“ sowie „fehlende Frische, Verfallsdaten“. Bei der gestützten Frage
zum möglichen Gesundheitsrisiko von Zusatzstoffen geben zwei Drittel der Befragten an, dass sie sehr oder eher beunruhigt sind 1.