bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health‐care professionals’ experiences of patient participation among older patients in intermediate care—At the intersection between profession, market and bureaucracy
Authors: Kvæl Linda Aimée Hartford , Debesay Jonas , Bye Asta , Bergland Astrid 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatient participation is a key concern in health care. Nevertheless, older patients often do not feel involved in their rehabilitation process. Research states that when organizational conditions exert pressure on the work situation, care as a mere technical activity seems to be prioritized by the health‐care staff, at the expense of patient involvement.ObjectiveThe aim of this article is to explore how health‐care professionals experience patient participation in IC services, and explain how they perform their clinical work balancing between the patient's needs, available resources and regulatory constraints.DesignUsing a framework of professional work and institutional logics, underpinned by critical realism, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with 18 health‐care professionals from three IC institutions.ResultsIC appears as an important service in the patient pathway for older people with a great potential for patient participation. However, health care staff may experience constraints that prohibit them from using professional discretion, which is perceived as a threat to patient participation. Further, they may adopt routines that simplify their interactions with patients. Our results call for more emphasis on an individualized rehabilitation process and a recognition that psychological and social aspects are critical for patient participation in IC.ConclusionPatients interact in the face of conflicting institutional priorities or protocols. The study adds important knowledge about the practice of patient participation in IC from a front‐line provider perspective. Underlying mechanisms are identified to understand and recommend how to facilitate patient participation at different levels in narrowing the gap between policy and clinical work in IC.
Evaluation of two shaping systems and two sonic irrigation devices in removing root canal filling material from distal roots of mandibular molars assessed by micro CT
Authors: Kaloustian M. K. , Nehme W. , El Hachem C. , Zogheib C. , Ghosn N. , Mallet J. P. , Diemer F. , Naaman A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo compare two preparation systems and two sonic irrigation devices during the removal of root filling material from oval distal canals of extracted mandibular molars.MethodologyThe distal canals in 40 extracted mandibular molars were shaped using the ProTaper Next system (Dentslpy Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland), filled with Gutta Percha X2 (Dentsply Sirona), along with AH Plus sealer (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany) and randomly divided into two groups (n = 20) according to volume of initial filling, preparation diameter and working length. One group was retreated using the Reciproc system (VDW, Munich, Germany), and the other using the 2Shape system (Micro‐Mega, Besançon, France). A micro‐CT scan was taken after the initial root filling and after retreatment to evaluate the volume of filling material remnants. The teeth were divided into four groups to test the supplementary effect of two sonic irrigation devices on removing filling material: Eddy (VDW) and MM1500 (Micro‐Mega). In the first and second groups, 2Shape was followed subsequently by MM1500 and Eddy; in the third and fourth groups, Reciproc was followed by MM1500 and Eddy. A third micro‐CT was taken to compare the remaining root filling material in all groups. Wilcoxon's signed rank tests, Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis.ResultsNo significant difference was found for the volume of filling material removed between the Reciproc and 2Shape in the entire canal (P = 0.355). The volume dropped significantly from its initial value after removing the bulk of the root filling by 95.8% (from 4.71 to 0.22 mm3) with the 2Shape (P < 0.001) and by 94.0% (from 5.05 to 0.33 mm3) with the Reciproc (P < 0.001). Sonic activation significantly decreased the residual volume of filling material remnants by 3.21% (P = 0.013) in the first group, 1.38% (P = 0.012) in the second group, 1.83% (P = 0.008) in the third group and 1.83% (P = 0.012) in the fourth group. At the end, the percentage of residual material was not significantly different among the groups in the entire canal (P = 0.163).ConclusionIn the distal oval canals of extracted mandibular molar teeth, there was no significant difference between the 2Shape and Reciproc systems in removing gutta‐percha/sealer. Sonic activation with MM1500 and Eddy significantly improved filling material removal.
Dynamic compressive response of zirconium diboride‐silicon carbide composites at high‐strain rates
Authors: Wang Mi , Kong Dewen , Wang Lingling , Li Youbin , Cai Ting 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe quasi‐static, dynamic compression experiments and micromechanical model were employed to declare the dynamic compressive response of ZrB2–20%SiC composite at high‐strain rates. The quasi‐static compressive strengths were measured to determine the range of initial microcrack length in ZrB2–20%SiC composite. The effects of the strain rate on dynamic compressive strength, critical stain, as well as fracture mechanisms were discussed based on experimental results. Dynamic mechanical properties of ZrB2‐based composites display obvious strain rate dependence. The dynamic increase factor in the compressive strength shows a rapid increase above a transition strain rate of 1228 s−1. Moreover, a micromechanical model considering initial microcrack lengths is used to predict dynamic compressive strengths, which agree with the experimental results. Additionally, the critical strain has a linear increase tendency with the increase of strain rate. The dynamic compressive fracture mechanism of ZrB2–20%SiC composite is relative to the combination effect between strain rate and microstructure. The size of flaw distribution is critical below the transition strain rate resulting in bigger fragments, whereas the flaw density is primary with more and smaller fragments above the transition strain rate.
The generation of T‐cell memory to protect against tuberculosis
Authors: Counoupas Claudio , Triccas James A 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) kills more individuals each year than any other single pathogen and a more effective vaccine is critical for the global control of the disease. Although there has been recent progress in the clinical testing of candidates, no new vaccine has been licensed for use and correlates of protective immunity in humans have not been defined. Prior Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection does not appear to confer long‐term protective immunity in humans; thus mimicking the natural immune response to infection may not be a suitable approach to develop improved TB vaccines. Data from animal testing are used to progress vaccines through the “vaccine pipeline”, but studies in animals have not been able to predict efficacy in humans. Furthermore, although the generation of conventional CD4+ T‐cell responses are considered necessary to control infection with M. tuberculosis, these do not necessarily correlate with protection induced by candidate vaccines and other immune components may play a role, including donor unrestricted T cells, tissue‐resident memory T cells and anti‐M. tuberculosis antibodies. This review will summarize the current understanding of the protective immune responses following M. tuberculosis infection or vaccination, with a particular focus on vaccines that have recently entered clinical trials.
The T helper type 17/regulatory T cell imbalance was associated with Ras‐GTPase overexpression in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Zhu Rong , Xie Xiaochen , Wang Nana , Chen Liang , Hong Yongqing 
Published: May 2019

SummaryPulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common but dangerous complication in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesized that dysregulation in the T helper type 17 (Th17) compartment could contribute to the development of COPD‐associated PH (COPD‐PH). To investigate this hypothesis, patients with COPD‐PH and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were recruited, and their circulating CD4+ T cells were activated using anti‐CD3/CD28 antibodies. The frequency of interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) ‐secreting cells was significantly higher in COPD‐PH patients than in healthy controls. The secretion of IL‐17 was significantly higher from COPD‐PH CD4+ T cells than from control CD4+ T cells, whereas the secretion of interferon‐γ and IL‐4 was not significantly different. The expression of transforming growth factor‐β, on the other hand, was significantly higher in healthy controls than in COPD‐PH patients. Activated CD4+ T cells from COPD‐PH patients also presented significantly lower forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and higher retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan C2 (RORC2) expression than CD4+ T cells from healthy controls. In both controls and patients, a negative correlation between RORC2 and FOXP3 was found, ex vivo and after CD3/CD28 activation. The serum IL‐6 level was slightly higher in COPD‐PH patients than in controls, but the IL‐6 transcription by monocytes was comparable in COPD‐PH patients and controls. Interestingly, CD4+ T cells from COPD‐PH patients presented significantly higher levels of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog and neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog than CD4+ T cells from healthy controls. Inhibiting Ras‐GTPases using farnesylthiosalicylic acid significantly reduced the ratio of RORC2/FOXP3 expression in CD4+ T cells. Overall, we demonstrated that an imbalance of Th17/regulatory T cells was a hallmark of COPD‐PH.
A “Mover and Shaker” for Women in Statistics
Authors: Golbeck Amanda L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThroughout his career, and until his death in 2016, Ingram Olkin helped to foster new opportunities for women in statistics. His friend and collaborator, Amanda L. Golbeck, trawls through historical documents and more than a thousand emails to tell the story of how this came to be
Characterization of micro‐mechanical properties of AlON ceramic by cantilever bending test
Authors: Ding Maomao , Robertson Stuart , Wang Tun , Fan Lingcong , Sun Zehan , Maerz Benjamin , Crookes Robert , Xie Jianjun , Shi Ying , Wu Houzheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe AlON transparent ceramic cantilever beams containing twin and grain boundaries were fabricated by focused ion beam technique. The deformation behaviors were investigated by measurement of the load and displacement dependence of cantilever beams from micro bending tests. Young's modulus of AlON transparent ceramics was calculated from load and displacement curves, the results of which were consistent with results of previous works. Moreover, the bonding strengths of twin lamella boundary, twin boundary, and normal grain boundary in AlON transparent ceramics were 5.00, 5.05, and 4.81 GPa, respectively.
Niche expansion of the invasive plant species Ageratina adenophora despite evolutionary constraints
Authors: Datta Arunava , Schweiger Oliver , Kühn Ingolf 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimEcological inferences drawn from studies on niche dynamics of invasive species are often limited due to difficulties in disentangling evolutionary adaptations of the fundamental niche from demographic and interspecific processes shaping the realized niche. We used Ageratina adenophora, an invasive plant with restricted evolutionary potential to investigate shifts in the realized climatic niche independent of potential evolutionary adaptations.LocationNative Mexican range; exotic ranges in Asia, the USA, the Canary Islands and Australia.TaxonInvasive Asteraceae A. adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Commonly known as Crofton weed.MethodsWe compiled a robust occurrence dataset of A. adenophora for its native Mexican range and four exotic ranges (Asia, USA, Canary Islands, and Australia) and quantified pairwise niche overlap (Schoener's D) and niche dynamic (stable, unfilling and expansion) indices between the native and exotic ranges in reduced climatic space using smoothed occurrence densities. Niche shift was statistically tested using niche equivalency tests.ResultsThe value of niche overlap (Schoener's D) differed considerably, ranging from relatively high between Mexico and Asia to low between Mexico and Australia. The niche dynamic indices indicated highest level of niche stability in Asia while highest degree of unstable niche was detected in Australia due to both niche expansion and unfilling. The niche similarity tests indicated that the native niche is more similar to the exotic niche than any randomly sampled niche from the exotic range. However, the niche equivalency tests showed evidence of niche differentiation as the observed niche overlap was lower than expected by chance for all pairwise comparisons. Jointly these tests indicate that despite the similarity, the native niche is not perfectly identical to any of the exotic niches.Main conclusionsThe current study has direct implications for understanding range expansion of invasive species even in the absence of evolutionary adaptation. Our study indicates that invasive species can occupy different, non‐consistent realized climatic niches in different parts of the world, thus limiting the transferability of species distribution models and corresponding risk assessments or future projections.
Hypertensive nephropathy is associated with an increased risk of myeloma, skin, and renal cancer
Authors: Heaf James Goya , Hansen Alastair , Laier Gunnar Hellmund 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrevious studies suggest an increased cancer risk in hypertension. Patients with hypertensive nephropathy have not been studied. A national registry study was performed to assess the presence and size of this association. Clinical data and cancer diagnoses for all patients with biopsy‐proven hypertensive nephropathy between 1985 and 2015 in Denmark were extracted from four national registries and compared with age‐ and sex‐adjusted national cancer rates. The risk of cancer was twice the background population. It was raised for renal cancer (odds ratio 10.4), myeloma (13.2), skin cancer (7.9), and other/unspecified (1.8). No increase in incidence was seen until 1 year before renal biopsy and then rose rapidly. It was again normal 5 years after biopsy. Hypertensive nephropathy is associated with an increased risk of myeloma, skin, renal, and other cancers. Screening of patients with hypertensive nephropathy, in the presence of reduced renal function or significant proteinuria, may be indicated.
Cigarette smoke extract alters genome‐wide profiles of circular RNAs and mRNAs in primary human small airway epithelial cells
Authors: Zeng Ni , Wang Tao , Chen Mei , Yuan Zhicheng , Qin Jiangyue , Wu Yanqiu , Gao Lijuan , Shen Yongchun , Chen Lei , Wen Fuqiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAs a novel kind of non‐coding RNA, circular RNAs (circRNAs) were involved in various biological processes. However, the role of circRNAs in the developmental process of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still unclear. In the present study, by using a cell model of COPD in primary human small airway epithelial cells (HSAECs) treated with or without cigarette smoke extract (CSE), we uncovered 4,379 previously unknown circRNAs in human cells and 903 smoke‐specific circRNAs, with the help of RNA‐sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Moreover, 3,872 up‐ and 4,425 down‐regulated mRNAs were also identified under CSE stimulation. Furthermore, a putative circRNA‐microRNA‐mRNA network was constructed for in‐depth mechanism exploration, which indicated that differentially expressed circRNAs could influence expression of some key genes that participate in response to pentose phosphate pathway, ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis pathway and cancer‐related pathways. Our research indicated that cigarette smoke had an influence on the biogenesis of circRNAs and mRNAs. CircRNAs might be involved in the response to CSE in COPD through the circRNA‐mediated ceRNA networks.
The healing effect of Wharton's jelly stem cells seeded on biological scaffold in chronic skin ulcers: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hashemi Seyedeh‐Sara , Mohammadi Ali Akbar , Kabiri Hamed , Hashempoor Mohammad Reza , Mahmoodi Mahdokht , Amini Masood , Mehrabani Davood 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBackgroundChronic wound or nonhealing ulcer is essentially a wound that does not progress normally through the wound healing process. This study assessed the healing effect of umbilical cord Wharton's jelly stem cells seeded on biological scaffold in chronic skin ulcers.Materials and MethodsIn a randomized clinical trial, five patients between 30 and 60 years with chronic diabetic wounds were enrolled. To cover the wounds, acellular amniotic membrane seeded with Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJSCs) was used for 9 days, every 3 days with a follow‐up of 1 month. The percentage and time of wound healing and the size of wound were recorded for each patient.ResultsIn treated patients, the wound healing time and wound size significantly decreased, and after 6 and 9 days, the wound size significantly declined (P < 0.002).ConclusionAs WJSCs seeded on amniotic membrane could significantly accelerate the healing effect in chronic diabetic wounds, they can be an alternative source in tissue engineering and repair of chronic ulcers.
Use of combined fractional carbon dioxide laser and fractional microneedle radiofrequency for the treatment of acne scars: A retrospective analysis of 1‐month treatment outcome on scar severity and patient satisfaction
Authors: Tatlıparmak Aslı , Aksoy Berna , Shishehgarkhaneh Ladan R. , Gökdemir Gonca , Koç Erol 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcne scars lead to social and psychological problems for patients, and they should be treated effectively. Ablative and nonablative lasers have been used for the treatment of acne scars in recent years.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectivity of combined FCL and FmRF treatment for acne scars retrospectively.MethodsA total of 72 patients with acne scars who received FCL + FmRF treatment between 2014 and 2016 were included in this study. Photographs of patients before treatment and 1 month following the last treatment session were scored by two blinded researchers, according to the ECCA acne scar scoring method. Patients were contacted via telephone after 1 month following the last treatment and asked to evaluate their satisfaction with the treatment outcome using a 5‐point Likert‐type scale.ResultsA significant decrease was noted in ECCA scores after the treatment along with temporary side effects. Change from pretreatment scores was significantly higher in patients very satisfied vs satisfied with treatment. The number of treatment sessions was positively correlated with treatment‐related change in ECCA scores.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our findings revealed association of FCL + FmRF treatment with significantly improved ECCA scores, mild pain experience, and low rate of side effects in patients with acne scars, despite usage of high‐energy FLC dose and five sessions of treatment on average. More remarkable improvement in ECCA scores during treatment seems to be associated with higher patient satisfaction and to be more likely in patients with darker skin types.
Tumor cell‐derived TGF‐β at tumor center independently predicts recurrence and poor survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lu Zhanyi , Ding Liang , Ding Haoyue , Hao Fengyao , Pu Yumei , Wang Yujia , Chen Sheng , Yang Yan , Zhao Xingxing , Huang Xiaofeng , Zhang Lei , Wang Zhiyong , Hu Qingang , Ni Yanhong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundTransforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) exerts its versatile function (oncogenic or tumor suppressive role) during the carcinogenesis in tumor microenvironment‐dependent manner. Considering the tumor heterogeneity, spatial and temporal distribution of TGF‐β in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remained to be elucidated.MethodsFormalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections derived from 73 patients with OSCC were immunostained, revealing expression patterns of TGF‐β, both at the regions of tumor center (TC) and invasive tumor front (ITF).ResultsThe TGF‐β levels on tumor cells, fibroblast‐like cells (FLCs), and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were comparable and showed to be cell‐type‐independent manner. Although TC regions harbored less positive staining of TGF‐β than ITF in tumor cells (TGF‐βTumor cell) (89.0% vs 98.3%; P = 0.037), FLCs (TGF‐βFLC) (86.3% vs 96.6%; P = 0.043), and TILs (TGF‐βTIL) (83.6% vs 94.8%; P = 0.044), respectively, TGF‐β at TC regions, not at ITF, correlated to poor clinical outcomes. At TC regions, patients with high TGF‐βTumor cell had high recurrence rate, and patients with high TGF‐βTIL showed inferior worst pattern of invasion. Of note, high TGF‐βTumor cell at TC predicted shorter overall survival time, recurrence‐free survival, and disease‐free survival in patients with OSCC, whereas high TGF‐βTIL had no association with survival time. Cox regression analyses indicated that tumor cell‐derived TGF‐β at TC was an independent risk factor for survival outcome in patients with OSCC.ConclusionsTumor cell‐derived TGF‐β at TC regions, but not at ITF, could be a promising predictor for disease recurrence and poor prognosis of patients with OSCC.
Antifungal effects of dimethyl trisulfide against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infection on mango
Authors: Tang Lihua , Mo Jianyou , Guo Tangxun , Huang Suiping , Li Qili , Ning Ping , Hsiang Tom 
Published: May 2019

AbstractColletotrichum gloeosporioides, one of the main agents of mango anthracnose, causes latent infections in unripe mango and can lead to huge losses during fruit storage and transport. Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) is an antifungal agent produced by several microorganisms or plants, but its effects on the infection process of C. gloeosporioides have not been well characterized. A histological investigation demonstrated that DMTS exhibits strong inhibitory effects on the infection process of C. gloeosporioides in planta by inhibiting the germination of conidia and formation of appressoria, damaging cytoplasm to cause cells to vacuolate and contributing to deformation of appressoria prior to penetration. This is the first study to demonstrate antifungal activity of DMTS against C. gloeosporioides on mango by suppression of the infection process, thus providing a novel postharvest biorational control for mango anthracnose.