bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Tripalmitin and Tristearin on Crystallization and Melting Behavior of Coconut Oil
Authors: Mahisanunt Busakorn , Hondoh Hironori , Ueno Satoru 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe investigated the crystallization behavior of coconut oil (CO) with tripalmitin (PPP) and tristearin (StStSt) as additives. The effects of cooling rates (2°C, 5°C, and 10°C min−1) and triacylglycerol concentrations (0.3–10 wt.%) on crystallization and melting behavior of CO were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical microscopy. The polymorph was also examined using synchrotron radiation X‐ray diffraction (SR‐XRD). From the DSC results, two exothermic peaks for CO crystallization indicated two compositions in CO. From the SR‐XRD results, the α form crystallized first at a high crystallization temperature (HTc) followed by β′ crystallization at low temperature (LTc), after which both HTc‐α and LTc‐β′ transformed into the β′ form of CO (CO‐β′) solid solution during heating. Although the addition of PPP increased crystallization temperature of CO, it did not change its polymorphic pattern. However, during slow cooling with the StStSt additive, CO‐β′ crystallization was induced from the melt directly. Moreover, under isothermal conditions, the crystallized StStSt spherulites induced nucleation of CO more than did PPP. Therefore, PPP increased the crystallization temperature of CO in both HTc and LTc fractions without changing the polymorph of CO, while StStSt promoted crystallization of CO directly into CO‐β′.
Microstructure–performance relationships of hollow‐fiber membranes with highly efficient separation of oil‐in‐water emulsions
Authors: Hong Xiao , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Gao Qiao‐Ling , Wu Hui‐Min , Guo Yi‐Zong , Huang Fu , Fang Fei , Huang Hua‐Ting , Chen Da‐Jing 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe critical breakthrough pressure related to the membrane surface wettability and pore size is a key parameter determining membrane performance in particular applications, such as oil–water mixture separations. A series of hydrophilic polysulfone hollow‐fiber membranes with different pore sizes were prepared and characterized to evaluate the separation performance of oil‐in‐water emulsions and to develop an optimum membrane for such emulsions. For the optimum membrane, the absolute value for the cosine of the surface oil droplet contact angle (0.72) was close to the ratio of the outer surface pore size to the oil droplet size (0.71); it was also similar to the absolute value of the cosine of the underwater oil contact angle on the polysulfone material (0.65). From the point of view of the surface wettability, theoretical calculations were performed to select a suitable membrane with the aim of reaching the maximum efficiency in practical oil–water mixture separation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47615.
Photo‐grafting of β‐cyclodextrin onto the polyethersulfone microfiltration‐membrane: Fast surface hydrophilicity improvement and continuous phthalate ester removal
Authors: Ahmadi Hajireza , Javanbakht Mehran , Akbari‐adergani Behrouz , Shabanian Meisam 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThis work presents a facile, fast, and green approach for the production of a novel glycidyl methacrylate‐β‐cyclodextrin grafted polyethersulfone membrane (GMA‐β‐CD‐PESm). Firstly, glycidyl methacrylate‐bonded β‐cyclodextrin (GMA‐β‐CD) is synthesized and then it is photografted onto the polyethersulfone (PES) membrane. The effects of ultraviolet radiation time, GMA‐β‐CD concentration, modification techniques, and degrees of substitution are studied. The results indicated that, with altering of studied parameters, membranes with degree of grafting 50–3000 μg/cm2 are obtained. The prepared membranes are characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, SEM, and contact angle (CA) measurements. The CA measurements confirmed that hydrophilicity of the membrane significantly increased by grafting of GMA‐β‐CD onto the PES membrane. The CA angle is decreased from 64° in the neat PES to 39.4° in GMA‐β‐CD‐PESm. The results of microfiltration show that GMA‐β‐CD‐PESm have a good potential to continuous adsorbing and removing of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate from aqueous solutions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47632.
Zinc ion conducting blended polymer electrolytes based on room temperature ionic liquid and ceramic filler
Authors: Candhadai Murali Sai Prasanna , Samuel Austin Suthanthiraraj 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTZinc ion conducting nanocomposite gel polymer electrolytes (NCGPEs) comprising of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) blend, zinc triflate [Zn(OTf)2] salt, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIMTFSI) ionic liquid (IL) and fumed silica (SiO2) viz. [PVC/PEMA–Zn(OTf)2–EMIMTFSI–SiO2] exhibited the highest ionic conductivity value of 6.71 × 10−4 Scm−1 at room temperature. The ion–filler–polymer interactions and probable conformational changes observed in the structure of the gel composites due to the entrapment of IL and dispersion of nano‐sized SiO2 were confirmed from X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of NCGPEs demonstrated uniform surface with abundant interconnected micropores. The cationic transport number of NCGPE samples has been found to be appreciably enhanced up to a maximum of 0.69 thus demonstrating a considerable improvement in Zn2+ ion conductivity. The NCGPE film possesses an electrochemical stability window up to 5.07 V (vs. Zn/Zn2+) and ensures feasible zinc stripping/plating in the redox process. The addition of SiO2 into the gel polymer electrolyte system has effectively reduced the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of the NCGPE films and also accomplished improved thermal stability up to approximately 180 °C which were ascertained from Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric (TG) results. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47654.
Synthesis and characterization of polysaccharide hydrogel based on hydrophobic interactions
Authors: Fredrick Rahul , Podder Arup , Viswanathan Aparna , Bhuniya Sankarprasad 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTHydrogels based on hydrophobic, or micellar interactions, are physically crosslinked hydrogels which are an attempt to overcome the poor mechanical properties of traditional, chemically crosslinked gels, such as low shear strength. We have prepared a polysaccharide‐based hydrogel with physical crosslinks via hydrophobic interactions. In this work, we have synthesized hydrogel by grafting a hydrophobic moiety dioctylamine onto hydrophilic precursor carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) through an amide bond formation, where ~33% of the carboxyl group in CMC was reacted with dioctylamine. The thermosensitive hydrogel can arrest 100 mL of deionized water per gram of gelator within few seconds. It showed the moderate rheological property. The hydrogel is nontoxic and does not show any adverse to human hemoglobin. It is a CMC based a unique gelator with high biocompatibility represent to be useful materials for biomedical application. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47665.
Novel green composites from styrene butadiene rubber and palm oil derivatives for high performance tires
Authors: Lee Chung Kyeong , Seo Jin Gwan , Kim Hyun Jun , Song Sung Ho 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIn rubber compounding, renewable, nontoxic, and degradable palm oil is used as a safe alternative softener or stabilizer process oil. In the tire industry, with the development of environment‐friendly “green tires,” silica has been used as a reinforcing filler for tread compounds. To make the hydrophilic silica compatible with the hydrophobic rubber matrix, the addition of amphiphilic oil is required. We, for the first time, prepared an amphiphilic palm oil derivative (PO) with hydrophobic and hydrophilic functional groups in bulk. Rubber composites prepared with the PO exhibited remarkable improvements in mechanical properties, including tensile strength, elongation, and fatigue. These improvements are attributed to the enhanced dispersion of the fillers in the rubber matrix due to the PO. Also, the mixing of PO in the rubber matrix resulted in outstanding abrasion, rebound resilience, and heat buildup properties at low loadings. We then prepared pneumatic tires with a tread composite using PO, and conducted virtual tests using a vehicle‐mounted pneumatic tire. The pneumatic tire exhibited enhanced high speed durability, dry and wet braking. The strong interfacial interactions between the silica and the rubber matrix due to the PO resulted in improved viscoelastic properties. These results show that PO is a renewable potential replacement for conventional aromatic oils in tire engineering applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47672.
Merkmalserver im Open‐BIM‐Prozess
Authors: Fröch Georg , Gächter Werner , Tautschnig Arnold , Specht Günther 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDie Abwicklung aller Prozesse im Lebenszyklus eines Bauwerks unter Zuhilfenahme eines digitalen Gebäudemodells ist vor allem im europäischen Raum untrennbar mit dem Begriff Open BIM verbunden. Durch die in Mitteleuropa vorhandene heterogene Softwarelandschaft entstehen Probleme im Datenaustausch, wofür prinzipiell zwei Lösungsansätze zur Verfügung stehen. Zum einen ist dies die Abwicklung von Projekten in einer Closed‐BIM‐Herangehensweise und zum anderen die Anwendung von Open BIM, wofür herstellerneutrale Dateiformate und Datenstrukturen erforderlich sind.Dabei gilt das Format IFC als Stand der Technik. Jedoch werden dort nicht alle sogenannten Merkmale von Bauteilen, welche hauptsächlich deren Qualitäten definieren, abgebildet. Der wesentliche Punkt im Datenaustausch ist die Vereinheitlichung dieser Merkmale – also die Bereitstellung einer auch international „gemeinsamen Sprache“ durch die Anbindung an das buildingSmart Data Dictionary. Aus diesem Grund wurde das Konzept des Merkmalservers entwickelt. Auf diesem können alle entsprechenden Eigenschaften, Einheiten, Bemessungen etc. gespeichert und mit einem maschinenlesbaren Code versehen werden.Um die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und auch den Bedarf an Merkmalen zu demonstrieren, wird ein idealtypischer BIM‐Prozess entlang der Wertschöpfungskette Bau dargestellt. Dabei wird besonderes Augenmerk auf die Funktionen und die Möglichkeiten eines Merkmalservers gelegt. Die Umsetzung dieses Konzepts wird anhand des in den Forschungsprojekten freeBIM entwickelten Merkmalservers und den im Zuge dessen implementierten Softwaretools aufgezeigt.Das Konzept des Merkmalservers leistet einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Optimierung des Open‐BIM‐Prozesses, erfordert jedoch eine gemeinsame und abgestimmte Herangehensweise sowohl im nationalen als auch internationalen Kontext.
Stochastische Berechnung bauleistungsspezifischer Risikokosten in der Angebotskalkulation
Authors: Čadež Ivan , Brokbals Stefanie , Wapelhorst Vincent 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDie Höhe der Risikokosten eines Bauprojekts hängt von einer Vielzahl von Projektkenngrößen ab, u. a. von der Höhe der Projektbauleistung. Daher werden in dieser Studie Risikokosten von 26 Einzelrisiken für drei projektbauleistungsabhängige Kategorien (< 200 000 €, 200 000–1 000 000 € sowie 1 000 000–2 500 000 € Projektbauleistung) für Projekte des Hoch‐ und Ingenieurhochbaus bei Einheitspreisverträgen unter Vereinbarung der VOB/B betrachtet. Durch eine deterministische Risikokostenberechnung konnte festgestellt werden, dass sowohl die Höhe als auch die Rangfolge der Einzelrisiken in Abhängigkeit von der Projektbauleistung variiert. Die Höhe der Risikokosten steigt zwar prinzipiell mit zunehmender Projektbauleistung, ist jedoch bei Projektbauleistungen zwischen 200 000 und 1 000 000 € prozentual am höchsten.Darüber hinaus wird eine stochastische Risikokostenberechnung mittels Monte‐Carlo‐Simulation für die drei projektbauleistungsabhängigen Kategorien durchgeführt. Dadurch können die Bandbreiten der Risikokosten dargestellt werden. Eine durchschnittliche Betrachtung der drei Kategorien hat ergeben, dass die Risikokosten – ohne Berücksichtigung von Chancen – mit 90 %iger Wahrscheinlichkeit in einer Brandbreite von 2,71–8,67 % der Projektbauleistung liegen. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen den Auftragnehmer, die Risikokosten bereits in der Angebotskalkulation nach Marktlage, unternehmensspezifischer Risikobereitschaft und strategischen Überlegungen zu bestimmen.
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung im Bauwesen: Memorandum zur Lehre an deutschsprachigen Hochschulen
Authors: Große Christian U. , Arndt Ralf W. , Mähner Dietmar , Niederleithinger Ernst , Taffe Alexander 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDieses erste Memorandum zur Lehre und Forschung an deutschsprachigen Hochschulen auf dem Gebiet der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung im Bauwesen gibt einen Überblick hinsichtlich der akademischen Ausbildung und zeigt mögliche Schwerpunkte vor allem in der Lehre auf. Diese Schwerpunkte berücksichtigen auch aktuelle Entwicklungen und Themen auf dem Gebiet der Forschung. Es werden Anregungen zur Entwicklung bzw. Weiterentwicklung der Lehr‐Curricula im Hinblick auf eine umfassende und solide fachliche Ausbildung der Studierenden des Bauwesens und angrenzender Fachrichtungen gegeben. Inhaltlich und formal lehnt sich der Beitrag an dem Memorandum der Hochschullehrer im Fachgebiet „Werkstoffe im Bauwesen“ (Breit et al., 2012) an und beruht auf einer Initiative des Unterausschusses Ausbildung – Arbeitsgruppe Ausbildung in der Hochschule – des Fachausschusses ZfP im Bauwesen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP). Die Hauptredaktion wurde übernommen von Prof. Christian U. Große (TU München) und Prof. Ralf W. Arndt (FH Erfurt).
Pharmacokinetics and excretion study of bergenin and its phase II metabolite in rats by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ren Yanping , Wan Changchen , Liao Man , Zhang Xia , Cheng Xiaoye , Yuan Lin , Zhang Lantong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA sensitive and selective liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) method for the determination of bergenin and its phase II metabolite in rat plasma, bile and urine has been developed. Biological samples were pretreated with protein precipitation extraction procedure and enzymatic hydrolysis method was used for converting glucuronide metabolite to its free form bergenin. Detection and quantitation were performed by MS/MS using electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring. Negative electrospray ionization was employed as the ionization source. Sulfamethoxazole was used as the internal standard. The separation was performed on a reverse‐phase C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with gradient elution consisting of methanol and 0.5% aqueous formic acid. The concentrations of bergenin in all biological samples were in accordance with the requirements of validation of the method. After oral administration of 12 mg/kg of the prototype drug, bergenin and its glucuronide metabolite were determined in plasma, bile and urine. Bergenin in bile was completely excreted in 24 h, and the main excreted amount of bergenin was 97.67% in the first 12 h. The drug recovery in bile within 24 h was 8.97%. In urine, the main excreted amount of bergenin was 95.69% in the first 24 h, and the drug recovery within 24 h was <22.34%. Total recovery of bergenin and its glucuronide metabolite was about 52.51% (20.31% in bile within 24 h, 32.20% in urine within 48 h). The validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic and excretion studies of bergenin.
Body mass index, body shape, and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A population‐based case–control study in Southern China
Authors: Feng Ruimei , Chang Ellen T. , Liu Zhiwei , Liu Qing , Cai Yonglin , Zhang Zhe , Chen Guomin , Huang Qi‐Hong , Xie Shang‐Hang , Cao Su‐Mei , Zhang Yu , Yun Jingping , Jia Wei‐Hua , Zheng Yuming , Liao Jian , Chen Yufeng , Lin Longde , Ernberg Ingemar , Huang Guangwu , Zeng Yi , Zeng Yi‐Xin , Adami Hans‐Olov , Ye Weimin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWhether the association between body size or shape and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) risk exists or varies by age‐specific body size indicators is unclear. In a population‐based case–control study conducted in Southern China between 2010 and 2014, self‐reported height, weight, and body shape at age 20 and 10 years before interview were collected from 2448 histopathologically confirmed NPC cases and 2534 population‐based controls. Body mass index (BMI) was categorized according to the World Health Organization guidelines for Asian populations: underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5‐22.9 kg/m2), overweight (23.0‐27.4 kg/m2), and obese (≥27.5 kg/m2). Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression. Furthermore, restricted cubic spline analysis was employed to examine nonlinear effects of BMI and body shape as continuous covariates. Underweight vs normal weight at age 20 years was associated with a 22% decreased NPC risk (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67, 0.90), whereas obesity was not significantly associated with NPC risk. Associations with BMI 10 years before the interview were similar. Having the leanest body shape at age 20 years, compared with the mode was not significantly associated with NPC risk (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.62, 1.16), but having a larger body shape was associated with an elevated risk (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.03, 1.52). Increasing BMI revealed positive trends with NPC risk. Despite some indication of significant findings, evidence for a strong association between BMI or body shape and NPC risk is still limited.
The Key Role of Nanocasting in Gold‐based Fe2O3 Nanocasted Catalysts for Oxygen Activation at the Metal‐support Interface
Authors: García Tomás , López José M. , Solsona Benjamín , Sanchis Rut , Willock David J. , Davies Thomas E. , Lu Li , He Qian , Kiely Christopher J. , Taylor Stuart H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe total oxidation of propane, a representative Volatile Organic Compound, has been studied using gold‐based α‐Fe2O3 catalysts. Catalysts consisting of gold nanoparticles confined in nanostructured Fe2O3 prepared by a nanocasting route present the highest catalytic activity for propane total oxidation, and the activity is significantly greater than those of gold‐based catalysts where iron oxide supports are prepared by other conventional methods, such as calcination. Detailed characterisation and Density‐functional theory (DFT) studies have been undertaken in order to explain the enhancement in catalytic properties. The presence of confined gold nanoparticles on the nanocast Fe2O3 facilitates the production of highly reactive oxygen vacancies at the metal‐support interface, increasing the catalyst performance. Both the development of a microporous/mesoporous structure in the iron oxide support and the presence of a mixed surface phase of Si and Fe oxides, seem to be key parameters, being both features inherent in the nanocasting process from silica templates. Additionally, the catalytic activity is enhanced due to other positive effects, which are closely related to the nanocasting preparation method: i) a higher contact surface area between partially confined small gold nanoparticles in the internal mesoporosity of the nanostructured support and the metal oxide and; ii) a more reducible support due to the presence of more active surface lattice oxygen.
Preparation of Hierarchically Assembled Silver Nanostructures based on the Morphologies of Crystalline Peptide‐Silver(I) Complexes
Authors: Miyake Ryosuke , Nitanai Yukari , Nakagawa Yuki , Xing Junfei , Harano Koji , Nakamura Eiichi , Okabayashi Jun , Minamikawa Takeo , Uruma Keirei , Kanaizuka Katsuhiko , Kurihara Masato 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe preparation of a hierarchically assembled Ag nanostructures based on a nanocrystalline assembly was demonstrated using an Ag(I) complex of a dipeptide (AspDap). By heating under N2 gas, a spherical assembly of a nanocrystalline dipeptide‐Ag(I) complex (diameter 4–5 μm), which has a morphology similar to the assembled structure of the dipeptide, was transformed to an assembly of Ag nanostructures, where the micrometre‐order crystalline morphology was maintained. In addition, detailed scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that Ag nanoparticles (diameter ca. 10 nm) were formed on the surface of the Ag nanostructure. When the Ag(I) ions were reduced to Ag(0), this phenomenon exhibited surface dependence due to the anisotropic two‐dimensional Ag(I) arrangement in the crystals. Thermogravimetric measurements and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the reduction proceeds in a stepwise manner around 200–250 °C, together with the removal of primary and secondary carboxylic groups in the dipeptide. Comparison with the heating process of the crystalline Ag(I) complex of β‐alanine indicated that stepwise reduction is key for maintaining the original micrometre‐order morphology.
Highly Performing Iodoperfluoroalkylation of Alkenes Triggered by the Photochemical Activity of Perylene Diimides
Authors: Rosso Cristian , Filippini Giacomo , Cozzi Pier Giorgio , Gualandi Andrea , Prato Maurizio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe describe a novel efficient photochemical procedure for the direct iodoperfluoroalkylation of terminal olefins. The process uses a simple and inexpensive perylenediimide (PDI) in an extremely low catalytic loading and occurs with visible light irradiation. The reported methodology is highly viable from a synthetic point of view, since it proceeds under mild reaction conditions with a significant rate of production. Preliminary mechanistic investigations are also reported.
Investigating Nrg1 Signaling in the Regenerating Axolotl Spinal Cord Using Multiplexed FISH
Authors: Freitas Polina D. , Lovely Alexander M. , Monaghan James R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAmputation of a salamander tail leads to functional spinal cord regeneration through activation of endogenous stem cells. Identifying the signaling pathways that control cell proliferation in these neural stem cells will help elucidate the mechanisms underlying the salamander’s regenerative ability. Here, we show that neuregulin 1 (Nrg1)/ErbB2 signaling is an important pathway in the regulation of neural stem cell proliferation in the spinal cord of the axolotl salamander (Ambystoma mexicanum). Simultaneous localization of nrg1 mRNA and Nrg1 protein was performed by utilizing a hybridization chain reaction fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) methodology in tissue sections. Multiplexed FISH also permitted the phenotyping of multiple cell types on a single fixed section allowing the characterization of mRNA expression, protein expression, and tissue architecture. Pharmacological inhibition of ErbB2 showed that intact Nrg1/ErbB2 signaling is critical for adult homeostatic regeneration as well as for injury‐induced spinal cord regeneration. Overall, our results highlight the importance of the NRG1/ErbB2 signaling pathway in neural stem cell proliferation in the axolotl.