bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy and histology of the gastrointestinal tract of the neo‐tropical opossum (Didelphis marsupialis insularis, Allen 1902)
Authors: Tardieu Laura , Sundaram Venkatesan , Adogwa Andrew O. , Garcia Gary W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe morphology of the gastrointestinal tract (GI) is a strong indicator of the dietary habits of a species. The goal of this study was to describe the gross and microanatomy of the digestive tract of the neo‐tropical opossum (Didelphis marsupialis insularis) and relate them to the animals’ food habits. GI tracts from 12 adult animals were used for this study. Results found the small intestine made up 65.9% of the GI tract, and the stomach was simple with a prominent caecum. Histologically, the oesophageal mucosa was non‐keratinized and glands were found throughout the oesophagus. The large intestine showed a great number of goblet cells, the jejunum possessed well‐developed villi, and Peyer's patches were absent in the ileum. The absence of keratinization of the epithelial lining of the oesophagus and stomach and a high lymphocytic infiltration throughout the small and large intestine reflected a more carnivorous diet, whereas the presence of a well‐developed caecum in the large intestine indicated the ability to digest plant matter. Overall, the morphology of GI tract of D. m. insularis displayed both carnivorous and herbivorous features, allowing us to conclude that it is an omnivorous animal.
Functional outcomes of artificial urinary sphincter implantation with distal bulbar double cuff in men with and without a history of external beam radiotherapy: an analysis of a prospective database
Authors: Maurer Valentin , Marks Phillip , Dahlem Roland , Rosenbaum Clemens M. , Meyer Christian P. , Riechardt Silke , Fisch Margit , Ludwig Tim 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo analyse functional outcomes and complication rates of artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation with a distal bulbar double cuff (DC) for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in men with and without a history of external beam radiotherapy (RT).Patients and MethodsData of all patients undergoing AUS implantation with a distal bulbar DC (DC‐AUS) were collected prospectively from 2009 to 2015. Indications for DC implantation were based on urethral risk factors in terms of RT and previous proximal bulbar urethral interventions including, endoscopic or open surgery for urethral stricture or SUI. Implantation was carried out to a standardised protocol. Activation of the AUS was performed 6 weeks after implantation. Further follow‐up (FU) included pad test, uroflowmetry, post‐void residual urine measurements, radiography, and a standardised questionnaire. Continence and complication rates were compared between patients with a history of RT and non‐RT patients. Explantation‐free survival was estimated using Kaplan–Meier curves and the log‐rank test. Firth's penalized Cox‐regression analyses were performed to analyse proportional hazard ratios for explantation.ResultsIn all, 150 men (median age 70 years, interquartile range [IQR] 66–74) after DC‐AUS implantation were available for analysis. Overall, 73 men (48.7%) had a history of RT. The median (IQR) FU was 24 (7.25–36) months. Baseline clinical characteristics only differed regarding previous open SUI surgery (P = 0.016). Social and objective continence was achieved in 94.8% and 84.3% of all patients treated by implantation of a DC‐AUS, respectively. Between the RT and non‐RT patients there were no statistically significant differences in continence rates [social continence: 100% vs 90.2% (P = 0.194); objective continence: 87% vs 82% (P = 0.877)]. For complications rates there were no significant differences between RT and non‐RT patients after DC‐AUS implantation [infection (P = 0.09), erosion (P = 0.31), mechanical failures (P = 0.14)]. According to Kaplan–Meier analysis explantation rates in patients with a history of RT (26.0%) vs non‐RT patients (20.8%), estimated explantation‐free survival, and AUS durability, did not differ significantly (log‐rank P = 0.219).ConclusionOur data from a large institutional series indicate DC‐AUS implantation to be an effective and safe treatment strategy in men with SUI and a history of RT.
Effects of the FGF receptor‐1 inhibitor, infigratinib, with or without sildenafil, in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Felix Nathane Santanna , de Mendonça Lucas , Braga Cassia Lisboa , da Silva Jaqueline Soares , Samary Cynthia dos Santos , Vieira Juliana Borges , Cruz Fernanda , Rocha Nazareth de Novaes , Zapata‐Sudo Gisele , Rocco Patricia Rieken Macedo , Silva Pedro Leme 
Published: July 2019

Background and PurposePulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease associated with high morbidity and mortality, despite advances in medical therapy. We compared the effects of infigratinib (NVP‐BGJ398), a new FGF receptor‐1 inhibitor, with or without the PDE‐5 inhibitor sildenafil, on vascular function and remodelling as well as on gene expression of signal transducers for receptors of TGF‐β (Smads‐1/2/4) and transcription factor of endothelial–mesenchymal transition (Twist‐1) in established experimental PAH. Types I and III pro‐collagen and TGF‐β expressions in lung fibroblasts were analysed in vitro after the different treatments.Experimental ApproachPAH was induced in male Wistar rats with monocrotaline. 14 days later, treatments [sildenafil (SIL), infigratinib (INF) or their combination (SIL+INF)] were given for another 14 days. On Day 28, echocardiography and haemodynamic assays were performed, and lungs and pulmonary vessels were removed for analysis by histology, immunohistochemistry and RT‐PCR. Fibroblasts prepared from PAH lungs were also analysed for TGF‐β and pro‐collagen.Key ResultsOnly the combination of infigratinib and sildenafil significantly improved right ventricular systolic pressure and vascular remodelling parameters (right ventricular hypertrophy, smooth muscle α‐actin, vessel wall thickness, and vascular collagen content). Infigratinib may act by reducing gene expression of Smads‐1/4 and Twist‐1 in lung tissue, as well as TGF‐β and types I and III pro‐collagen in lung fibroblasts.Conclusions and ImplicationsIn this model of monocrotaline‐induced PAH, the combination of the new inhibitor of FGF receptor‐1, infigratinib, and sildenafil effectively improved haemodynamics and decreased vascular remodelling.
Inhibition of the hyaluronan matrix enhances metabolic anticancer therapy by dichloroacetate in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Twarock Sören , Reichert Christina , Bach Katharina , Reiners Oliver , Kretschmer Inga , Gorski Daniel J. , Gorges Katharina , Grandoch Maria , Fischer Jens W. 
Published: July 2019

Background and PurposeAerobic glycolysis is a unique feature of tumour cells that entails several advantages for cancer progression such as resistance to apoptosis. The low MW compound, dichloroacetate, is a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, which restores oxidative phosphorylation and induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer entities. However, its therapeutic effectiveness is limited by resistance mechanisms. This study aimed to examine the role of the anti‐apoptotic hyaluronan (HA) matrix in this context and to identify a potential add‐on treatment option to overcome this limitation.Experimental ApproachThe metabolic connection between dichloroacetate treatment and HA matrix augmentation was analysed in vitro by quantitative PCR and affinity cytochemistry. Metabolic pathways were analysed using Seahorse, HPLC, fluorophore‐assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis, colourimetry, immunoblots, and immunochemistry. The effects of combining dichloroacetate with the HA synthesis inhibitor 4‐methylumbelliferone was evaluated in 2D and 3D cell cultures and in a nude mouse tumour xenograft regression model by immunoblot, immunochemistry, and FACS analysis.Key ResultsMitochondrial reactivation induced by dichloroacetate metabolically activated HA synthesis by augmenting precursors as well as O‐GlcNAcylation. This process was blocked by 4‐methylumbelliferone, resulting in enhanced anti‐tumour efficacy in 2D and 3D cell culture and in a nude mouse tumour xenograft regression model.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe HA rich tumour micro‐environment represents a metabolic factor contributing to chemotherapy resistance. HA synthesis inhibition exhibited pronounced synergistic actions with dichloroacetate treatment on oesophageal tumour cell proliferation and survival in vitro and in vivo suggesting the combination of these two strategies is an effective anticancer therapy.
Biological effects of aromatic bis[aminomethylidenebis(phosphonic)] acids in osteoclast precursors in vitro
Authors: Nasulewicz‐Goldeman Anna , Goldeman Waldemar , Mrówczyńska Ewa , Wietrzyk Joanna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNitrogen‐containing bisphosphonates (N‐BPs) inhibit bone resorption by preventing osteoclast activity. Most clinically used BPs are hydroxybisphosphonates with the exception of incadronate, which belongs to the class of aminomethylidenebisphosphonic acids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of two previously reported aminobisphosphonates (WG8185B2 and WG9001B) in combination with doxorubicin and cisplatin toward J774E cells (a model of osteoclast precursors in vitro). WG8185B2 and WG9001B BPs enhanced the cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin and cisplatin, especially when applied 24 hr prior to cytostatics. The antiproliferative effect of studied BPs was related to the changes in cell cycle progression. WG8185B2 leads to significant accumulation of J774E cells in S phase, whereas WG9001B causes transient arrest in G2/M phase, followed by an increase in the percentage of cells in S phase. Moreover, WG8185B2 and WG9001B BPs showed enhanced proapoptotic activity in osteoclast precursors, which was manifested by an increase in caspase‐3 activity and percentage of apoptotic cells. In addition, both compounds influenced the motility of J774E cells. The exact molecular mechanism of action of examined BPs remains to be determined; however, results show an interesting biological activity of these compounds, which may be of interest in the context of antiresorptive therapy.
Neuropathological features of “non‐motor” symptoms in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Kawachi Izumi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are the two main autoimmune demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system. MS is defined as autoimmune oligodendrocytopathy (unknown autoantigens), and NMOSD is defined as autoimmune astrocytopathy or aquaporin‐4 channelopathy. Both diseases can occur throughout the central nervous system, and do often cause various “motor” and “non‐motor” symptoms. “Non‐motor” symptoms, including cognitive impairment, fatigue, pain and neuropsychological symptoms (e.g. depression, loneliness and anxiety), have gained renewed attention in MS and NMOSD since the past three decades, because they influence a patient's competence in daily life activities, including the participation in social activities and their employment status. Herein, we summarize the current concepts of the neuropathological processes of these “non‐motor” symptoms in MS and NMOSD. These concepts help to define the novel disease‐specific mechanisms of the two diseases, and to improve the quality of daily life of patients with MS and NMOSD.
The child in child protection: Invisible and unheard
Authors: Bastian Carmela 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe paper presents findings from a qualitative study of four child death reviews published in Australia. The study was informed by the theoretical concept of childism. A critical social research methodology facilitated the exposure of childist dynamics in statutory child protection. The transformation of child protection practices and systems has traditionally relied on the imposition of never‐ending structural changes, policies, and procedures. This paper proposes that transformation and the erosion of childist dynamics is contingent on humane and ethical statutory child protection agencies.
Patterns of individual change and program satisfaction in a positive parenting program for parents at psychosocial risk
Authors: Álvarez Míriam , Byrne Sonia , Rodrigo María José 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDespite the evidence of effectiveness of positive parenting programs, little is known about the typology of changes that parents at psychosocial risk undergo after an intervention. We compared individual patterns of change in three parenting outcomes in 256 at risk parents with young children attending the group‐based Growing Up Happily in the Family program delivered in municipal social services. We identified four clusters of individual change: Cluster 1 (30.6%) had negative changes in parental child‐rearing attitudes and parenting stress, Cluster 2 (27.7%) had positive changes in child‐rearing attitudes and negative results in parental perceived competence, and Cluster 3 (24.1%) and Cluster 4 (17.6%) showed overall better results. Residential area, type of social support, and quality of implementation characterized cluster membership. Participants in clusters with better results were more satisfied with the program than those with worse results. Practical recommendations are provided for the successful implementation of group parenting programs in family preservation services.
“A girl's place is in the home”: Spatial gendered scripts in narratives of girls who have left or been pushed out of home
Authors: Peled Einat , Komem Michal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLittle is known about the unique gendered experiences of runaway and homeless girls. This feminist study approaches the body and movement of these girls as potential sites of social control. We explored whether and how social values and directives that view the home as the proper place for girls are reflected in the narratives of 17 Israeli girls who have left or been pushed out of their homes, based on a critical interpretive analysis. We found evidence of the impact of gendered social control mechanisms in three key experiences of the girls: (a) delaying leaving home, even when suffering within it; (b) maintaining normativity after leaving home; and (c) help and supervision in encounters with professionals. The discussion further explores the impact of gendered social scripts on the girls' experiences both before and after leaving home and on the way in which they are offered and receive professional help. We call on helping professionals to examine critically how hegemonic gendered discourses about domestic and public spaces shape the experiences of these girls and the helping relationship and use these understandings to improve the services offered to them.
Single crown restorations supported by 6‐mm implants in the resorbed posterior mandible: A five‐year prospective case series
Authors: Guljé Felix L. , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Vissink Arjan , Meijer Henny J. A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeTo assess clinical performance of single restorations supported by 6‐mm long implants in the posterior mandible after 5 years in function.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐one consecutive patients with the absence of premolars or molars in the posterior mandible and an estimated bone volume of at least 6 mm in width and an estimated height of 8 mm between the top of the ridge and alveolar nerve were included. Each patient received one or more 6‐mm implants. Custom‐made titanium abutments with cemented zirconia‐based porcelain crowns were placed after a 3‐month osseointegration period. Data of clinical examinations and radiographs were assessed at placement of the restoration and 12 and 60 months thereafter. The patients answered a questionnaire to score the satisfaction before treatment and after 12 and 60 months with the restoration in function.ResultsImplant survival was 100%. Five‐years' mean marginal bone loss was 0.14 mm (SD: 0.4). Indices scores for plaque, calculus, gingiva, and bleeding were low as well as mean pocket‐probing depth. Patients' satisfaction was high.ConclusionFive‐year follow‐up data of this limited case series study revealed that 6‐mm dental implants inserted in the resorbed posterior mandible provide a solid basis for single tooth restoration.
Early loading of splinted implants in posterior mandible: Three‐year results of a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Liu Jianzhang , Huang Qingfeng , Wang Xiaodong , Li Yan , Zhou Jianfeng , Zeng Deliang , Jiang Xinquan , Zhao Ke , Zhou Yongsheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical outcomes of an early loading protocol of splinted implants with a fluoride‐modified nanostructure surface and a tapered apex design for the therapy of posterior partial edentulism of mandible.Materials and MethodsOne hundred and seven implants were placed in the mandible of 45 subjects at three centres in China. A minimum of two and a maximum of three implants were placed in an edentulous region using a one‐stage protocol. Each subject received a screw‐retained, splinted and fixed permanent prosthesis 6–8 weeks after surgery. Marginal bone level (MBL) change, implant survival and soft tissue health were assessed at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after loading. A total of 92 implants from 40 subjects were recalled and investigated in this clinical trial.ResultsAfter three‐year loading, the survival rate of implant was 100%. On a subject level, there was a mean (±SD) marginal bone gain of 0.23 ± 0.48 mm at 36‐month recall and the change in MBL was statistically significant (p = .00061) compared with time of loading. On an implant level, the change in MBL was statistically significant (p = .03914, p = .01494, p = .00000) at 12, 24 and 36 months of loading compared with time of loading.ConclusionThree‐year data indicate that early loading protocol of splinted implants with a fluoride‐modified nanostructure surface and a tapered apex design is feasible and safe for the therapy of partial edentulism in posterior mandible, which may contribute to bone gain when the suitable occlusal load and oral hygiene maintenance are kept.
Uncovering the Genomic Landscape in Newly Diagnosed and Relapsed Pediatric Cytogenetically Normal FLT3‐ITD AML
Authors: Buelow Daelynn R. , Pounds Stanley B. , Wang Yong‐Dong , Shi Lei , Li Yongjin , Finkelstein David , Shurtleff Sheila , Neale Geoffrey , Inaba Hiroto , Ribeiro Raul C. , Palumbo Reid , Garrison Dominique , Orwick Shelley J. , Blachly James S. , Kroll Karl , Byrd John C. , Gruber Tanja A. , Rubnitz Jeffrey E. , Baker Sharyn D. 
Published: July 2019

Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations, common in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML), associate with early relapse and poor prognosis. Past studies have suggested additional cooperative mutations are required for leukemogenesis in FLT3‐ITD+ AML. Using RNA sequencing and a next‐generation targeted gene panel, we broadly characterize the co‐occurring genomic alterations in pediatric cytogenetically normal (CN) FLT3‐ITD+ AML to gain a deeper understanding of the clonal patterns and heterogeneity at diagnosis and relapse. We show that chimeric transcripts were present in 21 of 34 (62%) of de novo samples, 2 (6%) of these samples included a rare reoccurring fusion partner BCL11B. At diagnosis, the median number of mutations other than FLT3 per patient was 1 (range 0–3), which involved 8 gene pathways; WT1 and NPM1 mutations were frequently observed (35% and 24%, respectively). Fusion transcripts and high variant allele frequency (VAF) mutants, which included WT1, NPM1, SMARCA2, RAD21, and TYK2, were retained from diagnosis to relapse. We did observe reduction in VAF of simple or single mutation clones, but VAFs were preserved or expanded in more complex clones with multiple mutations. Our data provide the first insight into the genomic complexity of pediatric CN FLT3‐ITD+ AML and could help stratify future targeted treatment strategies.
Musical Adventures: Extending the Museum Through Interdisciplinary Educational Programming and Tangible Takeaways
Authors: Botts Nathan , Palmer Katherine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe mission of the Musical Instrument Museum (MIM) in Phoenix, AZ, USA aims to support guests as they explore diverse musical cultures from across the globe. Participatory programming for youth, nicknamed MIMkids, a central part of the museum’s education mission, educates children ages 6–10 about world cultures through music. The program engages children in hands‐on experiences with musical cultures from around the world by providing opportunities for in‐class group music making, cultural exploration, and crafting. The authors present a set of case studies to offer an overview of the interdisciplinary pedagogical approach of the program, the affordances it provides for experiential learning, and its limitations. The authors conclude with recommendations for museum professionals to better conceptualize musically educative programming that encourages post‐visit learning and culturally themed learning objectives.
Bacterial communities of the reproductive organs of virgin and mated common bedbugs, Cimex lectularius
Authors: Bellinvia Sara , Johnston Paul R. , Reinhardt Klaus , Otti Oliver 
Published: July 2019

1. Microbes associated with reproductive organs of animals are either sexually transmitted or opportunistic. Both can affect host defence, immunity, and future colonisation with other microbes. There are only few studies on the microbiota of reproductive organs in insects and how they are affected by copulation.2. This study examines the bacterial communities associated with reproductive organs in the common bedbug Cimex lectularius, a well‐established insect model for the effects of microbes on male and female reproduction. Combining a metagenomic approach with a controlled mating scheme, we found 31 sequence variants (SVs) across 55 organ samples, with on average three SVs in each sample. Male and female reproductive organs harboured distinct bacterial communities in terms of present SVs.3. Using a community ecology approach, we found three potential indications of sexual transmission of bacteria in the common bedbug: (i) copulation increased the similarity of the communities of male and female organs; (ii) mated individuals harboured bacteria that were found in non‐mated individuals of the opposite sex but not in non‐mated individuals of the same sex; and (iii) bacterial communities showed a high SV turnover between non‐mated and mated individuals, suggesting a mating‐induced replacement of bacteria.4. Our findings show that the community ecology approach is useful to examine the bacterial dynamics on reproductive organs, especially when combined with studies that quantify the frequency of transmission and/or estimate the effect of the transmitted microbes on the host immune system and the host endosymbionts.