bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition and cancer: prevention and survival
Authors: Wiseman Martin J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCancer is increasing worldwide. Patterns of cancer are also changing. The evidence is summarised in the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research report Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Cancer: a Global Perspective. The plasticity of cancer patterns implicates environmental factors as determinants of cancer, and nutrition influences key cellular and molecular processes that characterise cancer. Epidemiology identifies associations between aspects of diet, nutrition, and physical activity with one or more cancers; there is evidence for plausible mechanisms that imply that these are causal. Some nutritional exposures (alcohol and processed meat) are likely causal factors, but no singular factor protects against cancer (except dietary fibre for colorectal cancer). Cancer protection mainly derives from a systemic metabolic environment that promotes healthy cell replication and tissue integrity. Such a nutritional state reflects avoiding excess adiposity through healthy dietary patterns rich in plant foods (legumes, wholegrains, pulses, vegetables and fruits), with modest meat, fish and dairy, low in alcohol and salt preserved foods, and an active way of life, avoiding sedentary behaviours. Less is known about the impact of nutritional interventions in people with a diagnosis of cancer, but nutrition including adiposity and physical activity predict breast cancer outcome. Promoting healthy ways of life requires public information and education, but alone these do not generate change; a socio-political and cultural environment that is conducive to adopting healthy behaviours is needed. Uncertainties in the evidence offer promising directions for future research, but sufficient is known to act as a basis for public policy and clinical practice.
A Class of Fourth Order Damped Wave Equations with Arbitrary Positive Initial Energy
Authors: Liu Yang , Mu Jia , Jiao Yujuan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we study the initial boundary value problem for a class of fourth order damped wave equations with arbitrary positive initial energy. In the framework of the energy method, we further exploit the properties of the Nehari functional. Finally, the global existence and finite time blow-up of solutions are obtained.
Historicizing Precarious Work: Forty Years of Research in the Social Sciences and Humanities
Authors: Betti Eloisa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis survey article seeks to contribute to the understanding of the concepts of precarious work and precarization in the history of industrial capitalism by addressing the debate in the social sciences and humanities over the past forty years. Based on a gendered global approach, this article aims to offer a critique of the Global North-centric perspective, which largely conceives precarious work as a new phenomenon lacking a longer historical tradition. The first part discusses the multiple origins, definitions, and conceptualizations of “precarious work” elaborated with regard to industrial as well as post-industrial capitalism, taking into account selected contemporary sources as well as studies conducted by historians and social scientists. In the second part, the influence of different approaches, such as the feminist and post-colonial ones, in globalizing and gendering the precarious work debate is examined in their historical contexts, exploring also the crucial nexus of precarious work and informal work. In the conclusion, the limitations of the available literature are discussed, along with suggestions for further directions in historicizing precarious work from a global perspective.TRANSLATED ABSTRACTS FRENCH – GERMAN – SPANISHEloisa Betti.En historicisant le travail précaire: quarante ans de recherche dans les sciences sociales et humaines.Cette enquête tente de contribuer à la compréhension des concepts de travail précaire et de précarisation dans l’histoire du capitalisme industriel, en examinant le débat dans les sciences sociales et humaines durant les quarante dernières années. Sur la base d’une approche globale de genre, l’article entend proposer une critique de la perspective globale nordique, qui conçoit en grande partie le travail précaire comme un nouveau phénomène dépourvu d’une assez longue tradition historique. La première partie examine les multiples origines, définitions et conceptualisations du “travail précaire” élaborées à propos du capitalisme industriel et post-industriel, en tenant compte de sources contemporaines sélectionnées et d’études conduites par des historiens et spécialistes des sciences sociales. Dans la seconde partie, l’influence de diverses approches, telles que les approches féministes et post-coloniales, mondialisant et générisant le débat sur le travail précaire, sont examinées dans leur contexte historique, tout en étudiant également le lien crucial du travail précaire et du travail informel. En conclusion, les limitations de la littérature disponible sont examinées et assorties de suggestions d’orientations ultérieures pour historiciser le travail précaire dans une perspective globale.Traduction:Christine Plard
Foreign Policy: Rhetoric and Reality
Authors: Marshall Charles Burton 
Published: September 2018

More than other fields of public affairs, the discussion of foreign policy presents special temptations to irrelevancy, rhetoricalness, and sheer hocus pocus. Several possible explanations for this come to mind. For one thing, it is a vast and varied subject, remote from the scope of observation and sensory evidence. The relevant processes are too complex for their essences to be tangible. We reduce the complexities to label-words, then pass these around as if they contained the essences of the matters referred to.The Cold War, thermonuclear deterrence, national self-determination, peaceful settlement, international Communism—a myriad such expressions enjoying common currency are the simple labels put on enormously complex relationships and processes in continuous flux.
The Power Realities
Authors: Molnar Thomas 
Published: September 2018

Our foreign policy will not undergo major changes from the Eisenhower to the Kennedy Administration. I contend that it is handicapped by what might be called the “American dilemma.” This dilemma is deeply stamped on the American mind and does not substantially vary whether an Eisenhower or a Kennedy is in command. It is this dilemma which, manifesting itself on several levels, makes our policy hesitant, at once brutal and sentimental, pragmatic and Utopian.This country cannot make up its mind whether it is still the young Republic of 1776, idealistic, revolutionary, and hardly a middling in size and power among the world's nations, or the strongest imperial power of 1961, with vast involvements and precise interests everywhere in the world, and thus conservative, a guardian of a free way of life. The two images are incompatible, especially as seen by others; but inside America, we still cherish the ideal that we have established the best of possible worlds in terms of goodness and power, the home of a permanent revolution that others do not have to fear but rather trust and imitate.
Morality and Foreign Policy
Authors: Murray John Courtney 
Published: September 2018

During the decade of the Tentative ‘Fifties the course of events has thrust a number of basic issues into the forum of public argument. One of them goes under the rabric, “morality and public policy.“ Chiefly in question is foreign policy.My introduction to the state of the problem took place at the outset of the decade in a conversation with a distinguished journalist who is now dead. In public affairs he was immensely knowledgeable; he was also greatly puzzled over die new issue that was being raised. His first question revealed the source of his puzzlement. What, he asked, has the Sermon on the Mount got to do with foreign policy? I was not a little taken aback by this statement on the issue.
After the Third Assembly
Authors: Moore Arthur 
Published: September 2018

To begin to assess the Third Assembly of the-World Council of Churches, which met in New Delhi, India, November 18-December 5, it is necessary to keep firmly fixed in mind the' intended function of such an Assembly and, even more importantly, what is not its function.This cautionary advice, normally the most threadbare of clichés, gains its validity from the present atmosphere surrounding the subject of Christianity. Spurred on by a number of factors, including the attitude of Pope John XXIII; unity has become a glamorous and bewitching, albeit extremely vague, concept to the general public and to the popular press. Unknown and dramatic events are constantly being anticipated.
Intervention in Southeast Asia
Authors: Levi Werner 
Published: September 2018

Southeast Asia as a region of political importance is a new concept. It arose after World War II to designate the countries lying between India China and Japan. This “quiet backyard” of the world began to attract attention as a result of the freedom movements and the possible complications they might cause.The reasons presumably why the several states in the area were lumped together without differentiation in the minds of the Westerners as one geographic concept are: first, very little was known about them, and from a distance they all looked alike; second with the exception of Thailand, the territory was colonial and the feeling was abroad that the metropolitan powers would handle the problems resulting from nationalism and independence movements; and third, nobody seemed to have any particular interests in the area, not even the colonial powers which appeared willing gradually to abandon ownership.
Wars of National Liberation III
Authors: Deats Paul 
Published: September 2018

In this discussion of Wars of National Liberation I will be concerned more with ethical method than with setting forth policy implications and conclusions, I shall develop this method around six points of reference: (1) the phase of ethical reflection, (2) levels of analysis arid responsibility, (3) examination of assumptions, (4) analysis of wars o£ national liberation, (5) exploration of criteria of justice, and (6) suggestions for policy.The Phases of Ethical Reflection, Etlucal reflection would seem to require three overlapping phases that are, hopefully, cumulative. There is first the examination of stance or perspective, the bringing of assumptions into the open, the questioning of stated goals in terms of their real intent. At the least, this means self-awareness and openness; at the most it becomes the road to repentance. The second phase is that of assessing the situation, exploring options and possible consequences. It is worth noting that our assumptions significantly influence our definition of the nature of the problem and color our judgment of risks. The constructive phase seeks to relate the criticized norms to the assessment of the situation, to draw out the implications as guides to policy decisions, to keep ends and means in some kind of harmony.
Politics As Science, Not Prophecy
Authors: Ramsey Paul 
Published: September 2018

It is always unnerving when someone announces that mankind is just now going through “a true watershed period”—that one generation has an essentially different vocation from that of any other. When this verdict is delivered by a leading contemporary intelligence and policy adyisor such as W. W. Rostow, one's only protection from psychological disaster is to recall Eve's remark to Adam that their's was a time of “great transition.”This is not to deny that we can and must try to “make some shape out of the major experiences through which we have all passed since 1945” — or since some other date. If reason is to rule in any measure, we can and must impose some shape upon the political experiences and problems into which we seem likely to be moving for the next decades.
The Moral Element in Nato
Authors: Deats Paul 
Published: September 2018

What follows is an attempt to explore the nature of moral discourse as at applies to nation-states and to relate this discussion to some of the policies and purposes of, the North Atlantic Treaty Alliance. It should be noted that I have not introduced the "moral element" into the NATO debate; moral claims have been made for and by the organization itself during the course of its development.A first assumption about moral discourse, as the term is used here, is that the assessment of the moral element in a policy or an institution is a critical task, not an apologetic one. A second assumption follows from the practice of "public diplomacy": It is morally dubious to engage in the deception of oneself or of one's constituents where goals are concerned.
Negotiating the Future of Taiwan
Authors: Clubb O. Edmund 
Published: September 2018

Now that Chiang Kai-shek and the American strategy of “containment” of Asian communism have grown old together, and the dream of the Nationalist reconquest of the Mainland has faded into nothingness with President Nixon's February meeting with Chinese Communist chieftain Mao Tse-tung and Premier Chou En-lai, there stirs a question that has lain largely dormant over the past two decades: What of the future, of Taiwan (Formosa)? More specifically, should not the United States, sworn protector of Taiwan, (make provision for the Taiwanese to have a voice in determining their own future destiny?The U.S. professes to believe that people may properly be governed only with their consent. It supports the doctrine of self-determination of nations.
Is American Culture Decadent?
Authors: Eisendrath Craig R. 
Published: September 2018

The idea of decadence is intriguing. It conjures up visions of languor, mental if not physical harems, sensuous tedium, affluence past the point of satiety.It is also an artful term with which to articulate our distaste for the present. It imbues our outrage with a certan Puritan vigor and, at the same time, a millennial grandeur, as we liken our condition to Rome or Byzantium on the eve of annihilation. We can entertain the idea of decadence—so-called decadent art and literature are enjoying a vogue, late-Victorian pornography, Beardsiey, art nouveau— while at the same time we disparage it.But just what exactly is decadence, how do we deline it? Is it a useful phrase? Does it rightfully characterize the period through which we are living? Is America in the seventies decadent?
The Conscience of a Soldier
Authors: Bunting Josiah 
Published: September 2018

In his Enemies of Promise Cyril Connolly said of Proust: "His hatred and contempt for the life of action suited the war-weary and disillusioned generation he wrote for, his own snobbery offered him both a philosophy and a remunerative career, he believed also in art for art's sake." Had I Proust's genius, this judgment would fit what I have become in the past two or three years very well, and certainly, like Proust's, mine is a war-weary and disillusioned generation.Until rather recently I was Major Josiah Bunting, United States Army. I ran very hard on the bureaucratic and careerist treadmill that the officer corps of the Army has very largely become. After five or six years I found that I had come to dešpise it and what it was doing to me and what it had helped to do to this country, and jumped off.
Japanese Politics: The Sobering Realities
Authors: Taira Koji 
Published: September 2018

Japan, it is said, is advancing rapidly on the road to great power status. On that assumption, people ask how Japan's domestic and foreign policies will be shaped by its new status. In attempting to respond to that question I will begin by challenging the assumption.The so-called "big power status" really means nothing to the ordinary Japanese, and no domestic issues have ever arisen because some Japanese demanded domestic or foreign policies appropriate to that status. So far, the notion of Japan's being a "big power" has been entirely foreign in origin, and the Japanese, gasping in the world's most polluted air and feeling sick with the world's worst food and water, can scarcely think of Japan as a big power. Under the circumstances it will be very difficult for the Japanese government to conduct its foreign policy in ways historically associated with the behavior of big powers.
The Lion in Winter
Authors: Russett Bruce M. 
Published: September 2018

These are times that try men's Anglophilia. Britain is in the midst of a largely self-made energy crisis, owing very little to the Arab oil cutbacks. The threat of massive unemployment, the lost production, the cold and darkness as winter goes on is largely a part of Britain's continuing saga of bloody-minded industrial relations. But while many of the elements here are, at the moment, peculiarly British, there is reason to fear a repetition of events like these elsewhere and, eventually, globally.The immediate problem is a threat to the nation's coal and electricity supplies due to “industrial action” by the coal miners and railroad engineers. One says industrial action because the “actions” are not strikes but yet have effects almost as severe. Perhaps because they were so long excluded from effective political power, British working men developed over the decades the art of industrial action to a refinement unsurpassed anywhere.
The Troubled Jews of Argentina
Authors: Bono Agostino 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChrist was Killed by JewsThe Jews are “indigestible” to national society. Jews do not integrate well.The Customs, Religion, and Traditions of Jews are Incompatible with the Christian and Occidental ways of the Majority.As Zionists, the allegiance of Jews to Israel makes it impossible for them to be truly patriotic in another country.These ideas, if prominently expressed in the United States, would draw loud protests. In Argentina, which has the second largest Jewish population in the Western Hemisphere, they stir little critical comment. This is not a speculative judgment but a fact, for these sentiments, illustrated with photos of dollar bills and Argentine coins, appeared in a lengthy editorial article by the progovernment Carta Politico (Political Letter), one of Argentina's most respected and influential monthly magazines in June of this year.
Waiting to Cross Over
Authors: O'Hanlon Daniel J. 
Published: September 2018

As I started out that December morning along the riverfront at Benares, the long arch of river, the cremation ghats, and the towering buifdings stretched as far as the eye could see, like a mighty encrusted bow catching the morning sun and embracing the wide, empty sandbank across the river to the east.Passing a woman squatting in front of her fragile hut of rushes, roasting chapattis on the usual concave brown metal disc over her small fire, I leaped across the trickle of the Asi, which gives Benares the latter half of its Indian name of Varanasi.
Guilt: Yours, Ours, and Theirs
Authors: Weber Theodore R. 
Published: September 2018

On June 9, 1968, the New York Times Magazine published an article by Dr. Michael Halberstam that raised and examined the question, “Are You Guilty of Murdering Martin Luther King?” The question was addressed to all white Americans, and it presupposed a concept of collective or corporate white guilt. It was prompted by a. particular event, but its application was not limited to that event. As the question itself implied and Halberstam's argument made clear, the question applied to problems of white guilt and white racism as collective phenomena in the whole history of black-white relationships.The question was not unique at that time, for collective guilt had emerged as a fairly common aspect of social protest.
A Subversive Agent From Colombia
Authors: Goulet Denis 
Published: September 2018

In a letter to a friend in the United States dated May 16, 1969, a leading Colombian sociologist declared:I have been trying to disattach myself from portions of the North American heritage which I had received, and with which I find myself increasingly at odds. For this reason, I cannot identify myself with any institution of the United States that would uphold or sustain the present economic and social policies pursued toward the Nations of the Third World.
Criticism and Culture
Authors: Becker John E. 
Published: September 2018

The urgency of our times has engendered demands for action, and action has followed: economic, political, diplomatic. We are concerned for the technical competence of those who are acting. But surely there are other and even more fundamental concerns. Action too easily distracts from the assumptions on which action is based. Many of those assumptions are born in that dark region of the popular imagination where nations define themselves in terms of basic myths of national mission and national identity. We are tempted by, and too easily succumb to, oversimple versions of those myths. Urgent as is our need for action, we need reflection more.The basic instrument of reflection on national identity and mission is literature, and ours is incredibly rich, Literature has helped both to shape and to reveal that obscure popular imagination and has criticized the ways it has shaped itself.
The Great Powers Triangle
Authors: Choudhury G.W. 
Published: September 2018

There are two major triangular relationships in contemporary world politics: Washington-Moscow-Peking, and USA-European Economic Community (EEC)-Japan. The first, the two superpowers and the emerging superpower of China (PRC), is characterized by a lack of mutual trust, ideological affinity, or common interests in global security or economic matters. The USA-EEC-Japan relationship, on the other hand, is based on common trust, common security and economic interests, common ideological factors, and on cultural affinities between the U.S. and the EEC.It is the great powers triangle of Washington- Moscow-Peking that has the greater importance and significance for global peace and for the avoidance of any nuclear war. Its impact is considerable in such parts of the Third Wbrld as the Middle East, East Asia, South and Southeast Asia, Southern Africa, and in many other regions.
Religion by Permission of the Government
Authors: Patton Frank 
Published: September 2018

In a 1970 decision the United States Supreme Court approved the exemption of church property from city real estate taxes, noting that “separation of church and state” was thereby well served (Walz v. Tax Commission of the City of New York). The Court stated:The exemption creates only a minimal and remote involvement between church and state and far less than taxation of churches. It restricts the fiscal relationship between church and state, and tends to complement and reinforce the desired separation, insulating each from the other.
In Defense of Japan
Authors: Barnett Robert W. 
Published: September 2018

Threats to the security of Japan and the world are manifold, but for Japan the "enemy" is war.For thirty years a United States bearing global strategic responsibility and a Japan committed to "no war/no collective security" have, despite apparent differences and frequent setbacks, collaborated so successfully that East Asia has become the growth miracle of the developing world. During these years the backdrop for Japan's strategic calculations—and its hesitations—has been its concept of "Comprehensive National Security." It is important, then, for us in the West to understand just what this concept means.