bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient 3D stack‐of‐stars turbo spin echo pulse sequence for simultaneous T2‐weighted imaging and T2 mapping
Authors: Keerthivasan Mahesh Bharath , Saranathan Manojkumar , Johnson Kevin , Fu Zhiyang , Weinkauf Craig C. , Martin Diego R. , Bilgin Ali , Altbach Maria I. 
Published: March 2019

PurposeTo design a pulse sequence for efficient 3D T2‐weighted imaging and T2 mapping.MethodsA stack‐of‐stars turbo spin echo pulse sequence with variable refocusing flip angles and a flexible pseudorandom view ordering is proposed for simultaneous T2‐weighted imaging and T2 mapping. An analytical framework is introduced for the selection of refocusing flip angles to maximize relative tissue contrast while minimizing T2 estimation errors and maintaining low specific absorption rate. Images at different echo times are generated using a subspace constrained iterative reconstruction algorithm. T2 maps are obtained by modeling the signal evolution using the extended phase graph model. The technique is evaluated using phantoms and demonstrated in vivo for brain, knee, and carotid imaging.ResultsNumerical simulations demonstrate an improved point spread function with the proposed pseudorandom view ordering compared to golden angle view ordering. Phantom experiments show that T2 values estimated from the stack‐of‐stars turbo spin echo pulse sequence with variable refocusing flip angles have good concordance with spin echo reference values. In vivo results show the proposed pulse sequence can generate qualitatively comparable T2‐weighted images as conventional Cartesian 3D SPACE in addition to simultaneously generating 3D T2 maps.ConclusionThe proposed stack‐of‐stars turbo spin echo pulse sequence with pseudorandom view ordering and variable refocusing flip angles allows high resolution isotropic T2 mapping in clinically acceptable scan times. The optimization framework for the selection of refocusing flip angles improves T2 estimation accuracy while generating T2‐weighted contrast comparable to conventional Cartesian imaging.
Interaction of cathodal and anodal stimulations in nerve conduction studies
Authors: Kanbayashi Takamichi , Yamauchi Takaharu , Miyaji Yosuke , Sonoo Masahiro 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn this work we investigated the interaction of cathodal and anodal stimulations in nerve conduction studies (NCSs).MethodsSubjects assessed consisted of 10 healthy volunteers. The ulnar nerve was stimulated at the wrist using 2 bipolar surface electrodes, simulating ordinary NCSs. We were able to independently change the stimulus current value at the distal cathode and the proximal anode.ResultsThe anodal stimulation became more difficult to elicit as the stimulus current at the cathode was increased, whereas the cathodal stimulation became more likely to occur as the stimulus current at the anode was increased.DiscussionDuring bipolar stimulation, the cathodal stimulation suppresses the anodal stimulation, whereas the anodal stimulation assists the cathodal stimulation. This explains the common observation in NCSs that the cathodal stimulation becomes difficult to elicit when the anode is moved away from the nerve. Muscle Nerve 59:713–716, 2019
The emotional stability of elders with tai chi experience in the sequential risk‐taking task
Authors: Yang Jing , Liu Zhiyuan , Liu Sijia , Li Lin , Zheng Li , Guo Xiuyan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe present study investigated the difference of emotional stability between elders with long‐term tai chi experience and elders in a control group during the sequential risk‐taking task. Twenty‐eight tai chi practitioners (age = 67.36 ± 5.91 years, exercise years = 9.23 ± 4.19) and 28 control participants (age = 65.21 ± 3.55 years, other physical exercise without meditation component) participated in the experiment. Participants were asked to open a series of boxes consecutively and decided when to stop. Each box contained a reward, except for one, which contained a “devil.” This box would eliminate the participant's score in the trial. Once participants stopped, both collected gains and missed chances were revealed. Then, participants rated how they felt on a 9‐point scale from extreme regret to extreme relief. Additionally, participants filled out the Chinese version of the Beck Depression Inventory, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11, the NEO Five‐Factor Inventory, and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. The tai chi group showed a higher meditation level, stronger emotional stability, and less risk propensity (all ps < .05) than the control group. In the tai chi group, meditation level was positively correlated with emotional stability (r = −.47, p < .01). Moreover, subjective emotion was negatively correlated with subsequent behavior (tai chi: β = −.44, p < .001; control: β = −.27, p < .001). Subjective emotion rating entirely mediated the relationship between objective outcome and subsequent behavioral change in the control group, whereas it partially mediated such relationship in the tai chi group. The current cross‐sectional study found a difference of behavior and feeling between elders with long‐term tai chi experience and elders in the control group, which suggests that long‐term tai chi experience could enhance elders’ emotional stability and reduce their risk propensity during the sequential risk‐taking task.
Experimental proof of concept of an SDN‐based traffic engineering solution for hybrid satellite‐terrestrial mobile backhauling
Authors: Mendoza Fabian , Ferrus Ramon , Sallent Oriol 
Published: March 2019

SummarySatellite networks are expected to be an integral part of 5G service deployment. One compelling use case is mobile backhauling, where the exploitation of a satellite component can improve the reach, robustness, and economics of 5G rollout. The envisaged availability of new satellite capacity, together with the development of better integration approaches for the provisioning and operation of the satellite component in a more flexible, agile, and cost‐effective manner than done today, are expected to revamp such use case within the 5G ecosystem. In this context, sustained in the architectural designs proposed within H2020 VITAL research project, this paper presents an experimental proof of concept (PoC) of a satellite‐terrestrial integration solution that builds upon software‐defined networking (SDN) technologies for the realization of end‐to‐end traffic engineering (E2E TE) in mobile backhauling networks with a satellite component. A laboratory test bed has been developed and validated, consisting of a small‐scale private mobile network with a backhaul setting that combines Ethernet‐wired links, a satellite link emulator (OpenSAND), OpenFlow switches, and an OpenFlow controller running the network application for E2E TE. Provided results show the operation of a E2E TE application able to enforce different traffic routing and path failure restoration policies as well as the performance impact that it has on the mobile network connectivity services.
Jewels in the crown: Exploring the motivations and team building processes of employee entrepreneurs
Authors: Shah Sonali K. , Agarwal Rajshree , Echambadi Raj 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study examines motivations and team building processes of employee entrepreneurs in the disk‐drive industry. Our inductive, grounded theory building approach uncovers that ringleaders—founders who spearhead spinout creation—are driven by a nonpecuniary desire to create in a fertile environment, when they encounter frictions within the parent firm. Cofounders share the desire to create, but ensure departure on good terms to retain the option of returning to paid employment as a safeguard against entrepreneurial risk. We uncover an endogenous team building process in which more successful founding teams engage in “workplace instrumentality”—creating workplaces through deliberate selection of cofounders who have complementary functional knowledge, but are similar in that they possess superior problem‐solving abilities, best‐in‐class talent, and common workplace values.Managerial SummaryThe paper examines the motivations and founding team building processes of individuals who leave existing firms to create new ventures. In contrast to conventional wisdom that suggests preformed teams working on innovation projects leave together, we find founding teams are created when a “ringleader” chooses to venture out and subsequently seeks out cofounders. Ringleaders and cofounders alike are motivated by a desire to create given fertile opportunities and care deeply about equity, but ringleaders additionally experience at least one organizational push factor. Almost all founding teams are created to ensure the presence of complementary, functional knowledge. However, more successful spinouts also select cofounders who are hands on problem‐solvers, best‐in‐class talent, and who share common workplace values.
How strongly does statistical reasoning influence knowledge and acceptance of evolution?
Authors: Fiedler Daniela , Sbeglia Gena C. , Nehm Ross H. , Harms Ute 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA large body of research has examined students' conceptions of evolution and their relationships to acceptance of evolution. Proficiency in statistical and probabilistic reasoning has long been considered to be an essential feature of evolutionary reasoning, yet almost no empirical work has explored these putative connections. The RaPro instruments have recently been developed to measure statistical reasoning in the contexts of mathematics (RaProMath) and evolution (RaProEvo). Our study provides additional validation of these instruments using Rasch analysis and quantifies the contribution of statistical reasoning to both understanding and accepting evolution. We recruited a large sample (N = 564) of undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory biology course at a large public research university in the United States. Students completed a suite of published instruments that assessed statistical reasoning, evolutionary understanding, and evolutionary acceptance. Our findings indicate that validity inferences derived from RaPro scores generalized to the new sample, and that proficiency in statistical reasoning explained 28% of the variance in evolutionary knowledge and 19% of the variation in evolutionary acceptance. The inclusion of demographic variables into the model significantly increased the explained variance in acceptance. Notably, the variance in evolution acceptance explained by statistical reasoning was comparable to that of thinking dispositions or evolutionary knowledge reported in the literature. This work provides the first large‐scale evidence of the role of statistical reasoning in evolutionary knowledge and acceptance and motivates future work to explore how statistical literacy should be integrated into evolution education efforts.
Taiwanin C elicits apoptosis in arecoline and 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide‐induced oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and hinders proliferation via epidermal growth factor receptor/PI3K suppression
Authors: Tsai Cheng‐Yen , Fang Hsin‐Yuan , Shibu Marthandam Asokan , Lin Yueh‐Min , Chou Yung‐Chen , Chen Yi‐Hui , Day Cecilia‐Hsuan , Shen Chia‐Yao , Ban Bo , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSSC) is a major life‐threatening disease with high incidence in the Southeast Asian countries. Chronic exposure to arecoline causes genetic changes in the epithelial cells of the oral mucosa, induces proliferation through activation of the EGF receptor and promotes downstream COX‐2 expression. Taiwanin C, a podophyllotoxin derived from Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata is known to inhibit COX activity and to hinder PGE2 production in macrophages. In this study a tumor cell line T28 and a non‐tumor cell line N28 derived from mice OSCC models were used to study the effect of Taiwanin C on PGE2 associated COX‐2 expression and cell cycle regulators. Taiwanin C activated p21 protein expression, down‐regulated cell cycle regulatory proteins, elevated apoptosis and down‐regulated p‐PI3K/p‐Akt survival mechanism in T28 oral cancer cells. Our results therefore emphasize the therapeutic potential of Taiwanin C against arecoline‐induced oral cancer.
Elektronenstrahlverdampfen von Silizium
Authors: Amkreutz Daniel , Muske Martin 
Published: March 2019

SummaryElectron beam evaporation of siliconHigh rate electron beam evaporation of silicon is a versatile technique to deposit silicon layers with tailored properties on large areas in a cost effective manner. A unique feature of the process is the wide range of deposition rates that can be selected. This technique allows for the deposition of nanometer thin layers with high reproducibility on the one hand, on the other hand layers with thicknesses of several tens of micrometers and low film stress can be deposited within minutes. Due to the high quality of the deposited silicon it is possible to form ultra‐thin layers as contacts in solar cells or for TFT applications or several 10 micrometer thick films as absorbers in LPC solar cells or as “construction” material for MEMS. This article reports on the deposition process, the material properties and illustrates the applicability based on examples from our current research activities.
An Internet of Things Based Platform for Real-Time Management of Energy Consumption in Water Resource Recovery Facilities
Authors: Nunes Mário , Alves Rita , Casaca Augusto , Póvoa Pedro , Botelho José 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe article describes the design of an Internet of Things based platform having as main objective the real-time management of energy consumption in water resource recovery facilities and their integration in a future demand side management environment. The monitoring of several electrical parameters, including energy consumption, is done via a dedicated energy meter, whose design is detailed in the article. The high level data communication from the energy meters to a central platform of the wastewater utility is done via the MQTT protocol. Within the water resource recovery facility, the access network is based either on Wi-Fi or LoRa, which are two enabling technologies for the Internet of Things. The meters are deployed in pilot demonstrators located in two water resource recovery facilities in Lisbon, Portugal.
Issues in Implementing a Data Integration Platform for Electric Vehicles Using the Internet of Things
Authors: Smuts Martin , Scholtz Brenda , Wesson Janet 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought new improvement and development opportunities to the automotive industry, such as electric vehicles (EVs). EVs are well-known for their short ranges and many studies have reported on the challenges of trip planning and accurate remaining driving range (RDR) estimation. While the demand for connected vehicle applications and its enabling technology has progressed significantly in recent years, there are several constraints for connected and collaborative vehicle application deployments. Data integration issues are currently hindering the development of effective trip planning and RDR estimation solutions for drivers of EVs. Additional constraints have been identified in developing countries, including lack of charging station networks, EV data sources, and software applications. The purpose of this paper is to report on some of the main issues hindering EV data integration, as well as to report on an implementation in South Africa of a Data Integration Platform for EV data using the IoT. The findings show that data integration issues primarily relate to data availability, data quality, and interoperability between devices, IoT platforms, and EV service providers. The paper also identifies enabling technologies, drivers, and future directions for researchers in the IoT and EV domains.
A physiological perspective on the ecology and evolution of partial migration
Authors: Hegemann Arne , Fudickar Adam M. , Nilsson Jan-Åke 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBillions of animals migrate between breeding and non-breeding areas worldwide. Partial migration, where both migrants and residents coexist within a population, occurs in most animal taxa, including fish, insects, birds and mammals. Partial migration has been hypothesised to be the most common form of migration and to be an evolutionary precursor to full migration. Despite extensive theoretical models about partial migration and its potential to provide insight into the ecology and evolution of migration, the physiological mechanisms that shape partial migration remain poorly understood. Here, we review current knowledge on how physiological processes mediate the causes and consequences of avian partial migration, and how they may help us understand why some individuals migrate and others remain resident. When information from birds is missing, we highlight examples from other taxa. In particular, we focus on temperature regulation, metabolic rate, immune function, oxidative stress, telomeres, and neuroendocrine and endocrine systems. We argue that these traits provide physiological pathways that regulate the ecological and behavioural causes and/or consequences of partial migration, and may provide insight into the mechanistic basis of wintering decisions. They may, thus, also help us to explain why individuals switch strategies among winters. We also highlight current gaps in our knowledge and suggest promising future research opportunities. A deeper understanding of the physiological mechanisms mediating the causes and consequences of partial migration will not only provide novel insights into the ecology and evolution of migration in general, but will also be vital to precisely modelling population trends and predicting range shifts under global change.
Teaching research methods: Introducing a psychogeographical approach
Authors: Hindley Clare , Knowles Deborah , Ruth Damian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper explores teaching business students research methods using a psychogeographical approach, specifically the technique of dérive. It responds to calls for new ways of teaching in higher education and addresses the dearth of literature on teaching undergraduate business students qualitative research methods. Psychogeography challenges the dominance of questionnaires and interviews, introduces students to data variety, problematizes notions of success and illuminates the importance of observation and location. Using two studies with undergraduate students, the authors emphasize place and setting, the perception of purpose, the choice of data, criteria of success and the value of guided reflection and self-reflection in students’ learning. Additionally the data reflect on the way students perceive research about management and the nature of management itself. The paper concludes that the deployment of psychogeography to teach business research methods although complex and fraught with difficulty is nevertheless viable, educationally productive and worthy of further research.
REBELS, THE DEATH PENALTY, AND LEGAL PROCESS IN LATE COLONIAL BURMA
Authors: BROWN IAN 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFor imperial Britain, it has often been stated, the introduction and maintenance of the rule of law was a cardinal responsibility and indeed the great achievement of empire. But this is a view that has also been strongly challenged. For example, it has been argued that often at times of crisis, maintaining the rule of law collided with the primary responsibility of the colonial state to secure social order, with the state then turning to emergency measures, forsaking the rule of law and legal process. In the early 1930s, the colonial state in Burma faced a major rebellion, and indeed emergency measures were introduced to try the large number of rebels captured. However, this article, drawing on a substantial collection of files created by the trials and the appeals that arose from them, argues that, within that emergency regime, long-established legal processes were retained to a striking degree. In fact, the article concludes, at a time of severe challenge to the colonial order, maintaining the rule of law and legal process became still more critical in the colonial mind, for were it to be forsaken, those charged with running the colonial state would be forced to question its – and their – very purpose.
Ion Landau damping and drift tearing modes
Authors: Connor J. W. , Ham C. J. , Hastie R. J. , Zocco A. 
Published: March 2019

Kinetic treatments of drift tearing modes that match an inner, resonant layer solution to an external magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) solution, characterised by $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}^{\prime }$, can fail to match the ideal MHD boundary condition on the parallel electric field, $E_{\Vert }=0$. In this paper we demonstrate how consideration of ion sound and ion Landau damping effects achieves this, placing the theory on a firm footing. These effects are found to modify the effective critical $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}^{\prime }$ for instability of drift tearing modes, in particular for weak electron temperature gradients. The implications for a realistic hot plasma resonant layer model – involving large ion Larmor radius and semi-collisional electron physics (Connor et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion, vol. 54, 2012, 035003) – are determined.
How uncertainty begets hope: A model of adaptive and maladaptive seeking behavior
Authors: Zack Martin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe “incentive hope” model creatively explains hoarding and fat accumulation by foragers under uncertainty and food seeking when food cues are present but food is not. The model has difficulty explaining why animals driven by cues fare better than animals driven by food reward itself, why human obesity exists when food is abundant, and why people enjoy gambling and care about winning.
Considerations for the study of “incentive hope” and sign-tracking behaviors in humans
Authors: Pool Eva R. , Sander David 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe amplification of reward-seeking behavior under uncertainty described by Anselme & Güntürkün is based on the animal literature. However, this phenomenon could provide valuable information for the understanding of several dysfunctional human behaviors such as overeating and gambling. Therefore, we formulated some considerations on how the “incentive hope” hypothesis could be tested on a human population.
Beyond “incentive hope”: Information sampling and learning under reward uncertainty
Authors: Wang Maya Zhe , Hayden Benjamin Y. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInformation seeking, especially when motivated by strategic learning and intrinsic curiosity, could render the new mechanism “incentive hope” proposed by Anselme & Güntürkün sufficient, but not necessary to explain how reward uncertainty promotes reward seeking and consumption. Naturalistic and foraging-like tasks can help parse motivational processes that bridge learning and foraging behaviors and identify their neural underpinnings.
Mechanistic models must link the field and the lab
Authors: Houston Alasdair I. , Malhotra Gaurav 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the theory outlined in the target article, an animal forages continuously, making sequential decisions in a world where the amount of food and its uncertainty are fixed, but delays are variable. These assumptions contrast with the risk-sensitive foraging theory and create a problem for comparing the predictions of this model with many laboratory experiments that do not make these assumptions.
“Incentive hope” and the nature of impulsivity in low-socioeconomic-status individuals
Authors: Walsh Francesca , Cheries Erik , Kwak Youngbin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLow-income environments have been associated with greater levels of impulsive behavior, which contribute to the higher debt and obesity rates that further perpetuate current wealth and health disparities. In this commentary, we describe how this might be explained by an appeal to “incentive hope” and the motivational drive toward consumption triggered by the future uncertainty these groups face.