bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concept mapping to reach consensus on a 6‐month exclusive breastfeeding strategy model to improve the rate in Northeast Thailand
Authors: Thepha Thiwawan , Marais Debbie , Bell Jacqueline , Muangpin Somjit 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn implementation research, it is essential to involve all stakeholders in the development of complex interventions to ensure that the proposed intervention strategy is relevant and acceptable to the target area and group. The aim of this study was to involve stakeholders in conceptualising, developing, and prioritising a feasible intervention strategy to improve the 6‐month exclusive breastfeeding rate in North‐east Thailand. Concept mapping was used in a purposive sample including health care volunteers, health care professionals, and community leaders. During the first meeting, stakeholders (n = 22) expressed the generation of feasible interventions. During the second meeting, participants (n = 21) were asked to individually rate the feasibility of each intervention and to group them into relevant categories to enable multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis. The outputs of analysis included the intervention list, cluster list, point map, point rating map, cluster map, and cluster rating map. All of these were shared with stakeholders (n = 17) during the third meeting to reach consensus on an intervention model. The final proposed intervention strategy included 15 feasible interventions in five clusters: health care services, community services, and education packages for parents, family members, and communities. These interventions were prioritised for implementation over a 3‐year period. Once the feasibility of each intervention is established, the proposed model could be implemented and incorporated into local health policy. After assessing intervention effectiveness, each intervention could be scaled up to other middle‐income countries to help improve overall maternal and child survival.
Child stunting is associated with child, maternal, and environmental factors in Vietnam
Authors: Beal Ty , Le Danh Tuyen , Trinh Thi Huong , Burra Dharani Dhar , Huynh Tuyen , Duong Thanh Thi , Truong Tuyet Mai , Nguyen Duy Son , Nguyen Kien Tri , de Haan Stef , Jones Andrew D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChild stunting in Vietnam has reduced substantially since the turn of the century but has remained relatively high for several years. We analysed data on children 6–59 months (n = 85,932) from the Vietnam Nutritional Surveillance System, a nationally representative cross‐sectional survey. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risk (RR) of stunting, stratified by child age and ecological region. Covariates at the child, maternal, household, and environmental levels were included based on available data and the World Health Organization conceptual framework on child stunting. Among children 6–23 months, the strongest associations with child stunting were child age in years (RR: 2.49; 95% CI [2.26, 2.73]), maternal height < 145 cm compared with ≥150 cm (RR: 2.04; 95% CI [1.85, 2.26]), living in the Northeast compared with the Southeast (RR: 2.01; 95% CI [1.69, 2.39]), no maternal education compared with a graduate education (RR: 1.77; 95% CI, [1.44, 2.16]), and birthweight < 2,500 g (RR: 1.75; 95% CI [1.55, 1.98]). For children 24–59 months, the strongest associations with child stunting were no maternal education compared with a graduate education (RR: 2.07; 95% CI [1.79, 2.40]), living in the Northeast compared with the Southeast (RR: 1.94; 95% CI [1.74, 2.16]), and maternal height < 145 cm compared with ≥150 cm (RR: 1.81; 95% CI [1.69, 1.94]). Targeted approaches that address the strongest stunting determinants among vulnerable populations are needed and discussed. Multifaceted approaches outside the health sector are also needed to reduce inequalities in socioeconomic status.
Passive acoustic monitoring predicts daily variation in North Atlantic right whale presence and relative abundance in Roseway Basin, Canada
Authors: Durette‐Morin Delphine , Davies Kimberley T. A. , Johnson Hansen D. , Brown Moira W. , Moors‐Murphy Hilary , Martin Bruce , Taggart Christopher T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNorth Atlantic right whale monitoring in Roseway Basin, Canada, is primarily based on short‐term (<14 d) visual surveys conducted during August–September. Variability in survey effort has been the biggest limiting factor to studying changes in the population's occurrence and habitat use. Such efforts could be enhanced considerably using passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). We sought to determine if variation in whale presence, relative abundance, demography, and/or behavior (estimated through visual surveys) could be explained by variation in three right whale call types in this habitat. A generalized linear model was fit to 23 d of concurrent PAM and visual monitoring during four summers within the Roseway Basin Right Whale Critical Habitat boundaries. The model revealed significant positive relationships between relative abundance, call counts and presence of surface‐active group behavior. PAM can refine daily right whale presence estimates. While visual observations (n= 23 d) implied a 40% decline in right whale presence during 2014–2015 relative to 2004–2005, PAM data (n= 211 d) showed right whales were present between 71%–85% of survey days throughout all years analyzed. We demonstrate that PAM is a useful tool to extend periods of right whale monitoring, especially in areas where visual monitoring efforts may be limited.
Emotional communication with older people: A cross‐sectional study of home care
Authors: Höglander Jessica , Sundler Annelie J. , Spreeuwenberg Peter , Holmström Inger K. , Eide Hilde , van Dulmen Sandra , Eklund Jakob H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the influence of characteristics of nurses and older people on emotional communication in home care settings. A generalized, linear, mixed model was used to analyze 188 audio‐recorded home care visits coded with Verona Coding Definitions of Emotional Sequences. The results showed that most emotional distress was expressed by older females or with female nurses. The elicitation of an expression of emotional distress was influenced by the nurses' native language and profession. Older women aged 65–84 years were given the most space for emotional expression. We found that emotional communication was primarily influenced by sex for nurses and older people, with an impact on the frequency of expressions of and responses to emotional distress. Expressions of emotional distress by older males were less common and could risk being missed in communication. The results have implications for students' and health professionals' education in increasing their knowledge of and attentiveness to the impacts of their and others' characteristics and stereotypes on emotional communication with older people.
What can we learn from the construction of in vitro replication systems?
Authors: Ichihashi Norikazu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractReplication is a central function of living organisms. Several types of replication systems have been constructed in vitro from various molecules, including peptides, DNA, RNA, and proteins. In this review, I summarize the progress in the construction of replication systems over the past few decades and discuss what we can learn from their construction. I introduce various types of replication systems, supporting the feasibility of the spontaneous appearance of replication early in Earth's history. In the latter part of the review, I focus on parasitic replicators, one of the largest obstacles for sustainable replication. Compartmentalization is discussed as a possible solution.
A borehole investigation of zircon radiation damage annealing
Authors: Jonckheere Raymond , Heinz Daniel , Hacker Bradley R. , Rafaja David , Ratschbacher Lothar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis contribution reports Raman radiation damage measurements of zircons from the Kontinentale Tiefbohrung, on the western border of the Bohemian Massif. The mean wavenumbers (ω3) and widths (Γ3) of the ν3(SiO4) Raman band are constant down to 3 km, decrease (ω3) resp. increase (Γ3) between 3 and 5 km, and are again constant between 5 and 7 km. Uniform high Γ3 values associated with ω3 values close to those of undamaged zircon between 5 and 7 km are interpreted as due to residual damage predating the exhumation of the Bohemian Massif. A superimposed post‐exhumation signal indicates full damage retention down to 3 km depth, partial annealing between 3 and 5 km, and zero retention at greater depth. An attempt to calculate radiation damage ages gives results of a meaningful order of magnitude but also exposes difficulties associated with dating basement samples with complex damage accumulation and annealing histories.
Red blood cell product utilization in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Gastecki Karen , Shanley Ryan , Welbig Julie , Cohn Claudia , Brunstein Claudio G. 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUNDThe risk of transfusion reactions (TR) and the cost of blood has led to efforts to reduce blood use. We changed our practice to transfuse just one instead of two units of red blood cells (RBC) when hemoglobin ≤8 g/dL due to patient blood management (PBM) recommendations.METHODS AND MATERIALSWe compared RBC utilization in patients receiving allogeneic HCT in the 10 months before (control arm) and 13 months after implementation of this new practice (intervention arm). We used regression models to estimate the independent effect of transfusion practice, length of hospitalization, the conditioning regimen, and donor type for patients who received at least one RBC unit. The outcome variable was total number of inpatient transfusions. In addition, a survey assessed the impact of this.RESULTSCohorts were matched for age, primary diagnosis, graft source, and conditioning regimen. The median number of RBC units transfused/patient was identical in both arms (4; interquartile range 19 units/patient). Using the regression model, only length of stay (relative increase of 1.035 units/day; 95%CI, 1.0271.043) was an independent predictor of the number of RBC units a patient received. When data were normalized/1000 patient days, the control arm received 240 units vs the intervention arm, which received 193 units, resulting in a reduction of 47 units transfused/1000‐patient‐days, which was not statistically significant (p‐value = 0.32). The survey of RNs showed that it positively affected the workflow.CONCLUSIONSThere was a modest reduction in RBC utilization based on units transfused/1000‐patient‐days. There was a positive impact on RN workflow.
Cheek teeth apical infection in cattle: Diagnosis, surgical extraction, and prognosis
Authors: Constant Caroline , Nichols Sylvain , Marchionatti Emma , Babkine Marie , Lardé Hélène , Fecteau Gilles , Desrochers André 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of cattle undergoing surgical extraction of apically infected cheek teeth (CT).Study designShort case series.AnimalsNine adult cattle.MethodsMedical records were searched for cattle having a diagnosis of apical infection of CT that were treated with surgical extraction between 2005 and 2017. Data retrieved included clinical examination, ancillary tests, surgical procedure, and outcomes.ResultsThe main presenting complaints were mandibular swelling and decreased appetite and milk production. In total, 7 mandibular and 3 maxillary CT were extracted, 7 molars and 3 premolars that were distributed more frequently on the left dental arcades (n = 7 CT). Two cattle had no visible external lesions. Radiograph images revealed that lucency surrounded all affected tooth roots. Mandibular teeth were removed by lateral buccotomy with removal of alveolar bone plate or retrograde repulsion, and maxillary teeth were removed by repulsion through a maxillary sinus flap. Most common bacterial isolates consisted of anaerobic bacteria (6/11 isolates) andTruperella pyogenes(3/11 isolates). The most common complications included inability to remove the tooth intact (n = 4 cattle) and surgical site infection (n = 5). All cattle remained in their herd after treatment.ConclusionSurgical extraction of CT was achieved in all 9 cattle. The postoperative morbidity was high but without long‐term consequences on animal productivity.Clinical significanceSurgical extraction of CT is a successful treatment for apical infection in cattle.
Creativity in English
Authors: Widdowson Henry 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBraj Kachru consistently argued for the recognition of the literary creativity of writers from the Outer Circle. In this article, Professor Widdowson also raises the issue of creativity among Expanding Circle speakers and writers using English as a lingua franca (ELF). In this context, there is much evidence of the creativity of ‘common talk’ among ELF speakers, although, here, it is talk where users from various communities communicate with each other as best they can, using whatever linguistic resources are at their disposal, without conforming to (or consciously flouting) pre‐existing norms of usage.
Effects of External Counterpulsation on Postexercise Recovery in Elite Rugby League Players
Authors: Roberts Llion A. , Caia Johnpaul , James Lachlan P. , Scott Tannath J. , Kelly Vincent G. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: External counterpulsation (ECP) has previously been used to treat cardiac patients via compression of the lower extremities during diastole to increase venous return and coronary perfusion. However, the effects of ECP on exercise performance and markers of recovery in elite athletes are largely unknown. Methods: On 2 separate occasions, 48 h apart, 7 elite National Rugby League players performed an identical 60-min field-based conditioning session followed by a 30-min period of either regular ECP treatment or placebo. Power measures during repeated cycle bouts and countermovement jump height and contraction time derivatives were measured at rest and 5 h postexercise. Saliva samples and venous blood samples were taken at rest, postexercise, and 5 h postexercise to assess stress, inflammation, and muscle damage. Results: After ECP treatment, cycling peak power output (P = .028; 11%) and accumulated peak power (P = .027; 14%) increased compared with the placebo condition. Postexercise plasma interleukin 1 receptor antagonist only increased after ECP (P = .024; 84%), and concentrations of plasma interleukin 1 receptor antagonist tended to be higher (P = .093; 76%) 5 h postexercise. Furthermore, testosterone-to-cortisol ratio was increased above baseline and placebo 5 h postexercise (P = .017–.029; 24–77%). The ratio of postexercise salivary α-amylase to immunoglobulin A decreased after treatment (P = .013; 50%) compared with the placebo control. Conclusions: Exercise performance and hormonal indicators of stress were improved and inflammation markers were reduced following acute ECP.
On Top to the Top—Acclimatization Strategy for the “Fastest Known Time” to Mount Everest
Authors: Millet Grégoire P. , Jornet Kilian 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: To present the acclimatization strategy employed by an elite athlete prior to 2 successful ascents to Mount Everest (including a “fastest known time”) in 1 wk. Methods: Training volume, training content, and altitude exposure were recorded daily. Vertical velocity was recorded by GPS (global positioning system) heart-rate monitor. Results: The subject first used a live high–train low and high preacclimatization method in normobaric hypoxia (NH). Daily, he combined sleeping in a hypoxic tent (total hours: ∼260) and exercising “as usual” in normoxia but also in NH (altitude >6000 m: 30 h), including at high intensity. The hypoxic sessions were performed at the second threshold on treadmill in NH at 6000 m, and the pulse saturation increased from 70% to 85% over 1 mo. Then, the subject was progressively exposed to hypobaric hypoxia, first in the Alps and then in the Himalayas. On day 18, he reached for the second time an altitude >8000 m with the fastest vertical velocity (350 m/h) ever measured between 6300 and 8400 m. Afterward, he climbed twice in a week to the summit of Mount Everest (8848 m, including a “fastest known time” of 26.5 h from Rongbuk Monastery, 5100 m). Conclusion: Overall, this acclimatization was successful and in line with the most recent recommendations: first, using live high–train low and high, and second, using hypobaric hypoxia at increasing altitudes for a better translation of the NH benefits to hypobaric hypoxia. This case study reports the preparation for the most outstanding performance ever acheived at an extreme altitude.
Is Tensiomyography-Derived Velocity of Contraction a Sensitive Marker to Detect Acute Performance Changes in Elite Team-Sport Athletes?
Authors: Pereira Lucas A. , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Martín-Rodríguez Saul , Kobal Ronaldo , Abad César C.C. , Arruda Ademir F.S. , Guerriero Aristide , Loturco Irineu 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: To examine the variations in the velocity of contraction (Vc) assessed using tensiomyography, vertical jumping ability, and sprinting speed induced by 4 different exercise protocols (ie, strength, sprint, plyometric, and technical training sessions) in 14 male national-team rugby players (age 21.8 [2.6] y, weight 83.6 [8.5] kg, and height 177.4 [6.7] cm). Methods: Physical tests were conducted immediately before and after 4 distinct workouts in the following order: tensiomyography in the rectus femoris and biceps femoris muscles, squat and countermovement jumps, and 30-m sprint velocity. To analyze the differences in the assessed variables before and after each training session, the differences based on magnitudes were calculated. Results: After strength and plyometric workouts, the players presented possible to almost certain impairments in sprint and jump performance and in the Vc of the rectus femoris (effect sizes 0.26–0.64). After the sprint-training session, possible to very likely decreases were observed in the squat jump, 30-m sprint, and Vc of the biceps femoris (effect sizes 0.21–0.44). By contrast, after the technical training, athletes demonstrated a possible increase in the squat jump and Vc in both muscles examined (effect sizes 0.13–0.20). Conclusions: The main finding of this research is that, for the vast majority of results, the direction of changes observed in Vc were the same as those observed in performance assessments. This suggests that Vc might be used as a sensitive marker of acute variations in speed and power performance of elite team-sport athletes.
Technical and Tactical Training Load in Professional Volleyball Players
Authors: Duarte Thiago S. , Alves Danilo L. , Coimbra Danilo R. , Miloski Bernardo , Bouzas Marins João C. , Bara Filho Maurício G. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: To analyze the technical and tactical training load in professional volleyball players, using subjective internal training load (session rating of perceived exertion [SRPE]) and objective internal training load (training impulse of the heart rate [HR]) and the relationship between them. Methods: The sample was composed of 15 male professional volleyball players. They were monitored during 37 training sessions that included both technical (n = 23) and tactical (n = 14) training. Technical and training load was calculated using SRPE and training impulse of the HR. Results: Significant correlations were found between the methods in tactical (r = .616) and technical training (r = −.414). Furthermore, it was noted that technical training occurs up to 80% of HRmax (zone 3) and tactical training between 70% and 90% of HRmax (zones 3–4). Conclusions: The training impulse of the HR method has proved to be effective for training-load control during tactical training. However, it was limited compared with technical training. Thus, the use of SRPE is presented as a more reliable method in the different types of technical training in volleyball.
Peak Age and Performance Progression in World-Class Weightlifting and Powerlifting Athletes
Authors: Solberg Paul A. , Hopkins Will G. , Paulsen Gøran , Haugen Thomas A. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose:To quantify age of peak performance and performance improvements in the years preceding peak age in elite weightlifting and powerlifting athletes using results from powerlifting World Championships in 2003–2017 and weightlifting World Championships and Olympic Games in 1998–2017.Methods:Individual performance trends were derived by fitting a quadratic curve separately to each athlete’s performance and age data. Effects were evaluated using magnitude-based inferences.Results:Peak age (mean [SD]) was 35 (7) y for powerlifters and 26 (3) y for weightlifters, a large most likely substantial difference of 9, ±1 y (mean, 90% confidence limit). Men showed possibly higher peak age than women in weightlifting (0.8, ±0.7 y; small) and a possibly lower peak age in powerlifting (1.3, ±1.8 y; trivial). Peak age of athletes who ever won a medal was very likely less than that of nonmedalists in weightlifting (1.3, ±0.6 y; small), while the difference in powerlifters was trivial but unclear. Five-year improvements prior to peak age were 12% (10%) for powerlifters and 9% (7%) for weightlifters, a small possibly substantial difference (2.9, ±2.1%). Women exhibited possibly greater improvements than men in powerlifting (2.7, ±3.8%; small) and very likely greater in weightlifting (3.5, ±1.6%; small). Medalists possibly improved less than nonmedalists among powerlifters (−1.7, ±2.3%; small), while the difference was likely trivial for weightlifters (2.3, ±1.8%).Conclusion:These novel insights on performance development will be useful for practitioners evaluating strategies for achieving success.
Sprint Mechanical Properties in Handball and Basketball Players
Authors: Haugen Thomas A. , Breitschädel Felix , Seiler Stephen 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: To quantify possible differences in sprint mechanical outputs in handball and basketball players according to playing standard and position. Methods: Sprint tests of 298 male players were analyzed. Theoretical maximal velocity (v0), horizontal force (F0), horizontal power (Pmax), force–velocity slope (SFV), ratio of force (RFmax), and index of force application technique (DRF) were calculated from anthropometric and spatiotemporal data using an inverse dynamic approach applied to the center-of-mass movement. Results: National-team handball players displayed clearly superior 10-m times (0.03, ±0.02 s), 40-m times (0.12, ±0.07 s), F0 (0.1, ±0.2 N·kg−1), v0 (0.3, ±0.2 m·s−1), and Pmax (0.9, ±0.5 W·kg−1) than corresponding top-division players. Wings differed from the other positions in terms of superior 10-m times (0.02, ±0.01 to 0.07, ±0.02 s), 40-m times (0.07, ±0.05 to 0.27, ±0.07 s), F0 (0.2, ±0.1 to 0.4, ±0.2 N·kg−1), v0 (0.1, ±0.1 to 0.5, ±0.1 m·s−1), Pmax (0.7, ±0.4 to 2.0, ±0.5 W·kg−1), and RFmax (0.6, ±0.4 to 1.3, ±0.4%). In basketball, guards differed from forwards in terms of superior 10-m times (0.03, ±0.02 s), 40-m times (0.10, ±0.08 s), v0 (0.2, ±0.1 m·s−1), Pmax (0.6, ±0.6 W·kg−1), and RFmax (0.4, ±0.3%). The effect magnitudes of the substantial differences observed ranged from small to large. Conclusions: The present results provide an overall picture of the force–velocity profile continuum in sprinting handball and basketball players and serve as useful background information for practitioners when diagnosing individual players and prescribing training programs.