bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Best practices on immunomodulators and biologic agents for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in Asia
Authors: Ooi Choon Jin , Hilmi Ida , Banerjee Rupa , Chuah Sai Wei , Ng Siew Chien , Wei Shu Chen , Makharia Govind K , Pisespongsa Pises , Chen Min Hu , Ran Zhi Hua , Ye Byong Duk , Park Dong Il , Ling Khoon Lin , Ong David , Ahuja Vineet , Goh Khean Lee , Sollano Jose , Lim Wee Chian , Leung Wai Keung , Ali Raja Affendi Raja , Wu Deng Chyang , Ong Evan , Mustaffa Nazri , Limsrivilai Julajak , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Yang Suk Kyun , Ouyang Qin , Geary Richard , De Silva Janaka H , Rerknimitr Rungsun , Simadibrata Marcellus , Abdullah Murdani , Leong Rupert W L ,   on behalf of the Asia–Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) Working Group on Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Asia–Pacific Working Group on Inflammatory Bowel Disease was established in Cebu, Philippines, under the auspices of the Asia–Pacific Association of Gastroenterology with the goal of improving inflammatory bowel disease care in Asia. This consensus is carried out in collaboration with Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis.With biologic agents and biosimilars becoming more established, it is necessary to conduct a review on existing literature and establish a consensus on when and how to introduce biologic agents and biosimilars in conjunction with conventional treatments for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in Asia. These statements also address how pharmacogenetics influences the treatments of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and provides guidance on response monitoring and strategies to restore loss of response. Finally, the review includes statements on how to manage treatment alongside possible hepatitis B and tuberculosis infections, both common in Asia. These statements have been prepared and voted upon by members of inflammatory bowel disease workgroup employing the modified Delphi process. These statements do not intend to be all‐encompassing, and future revisions are likely as new data continue to emerge.
Comparing Three Methods for Reducing Psychotropic Use in Older Demented Spanish Care Home Residents
Authors: Weeks William B. , Mishra Manish K. , Curto David , Petersen Curtis L. , Cano Pedro , Hswen Yulin , Serra Silvia Villamarín , Elwyn Glyn , Godfrey Marjorie M. , Soro Pedro Sánchez , Tomás José Francisco 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVEIn nursing homes across the world, and particularly in Spain, there are concerns that psychotropic medications are being overused. For older Spanish nursing home residents who had dementia, we sought to evaluate the association between applying interventions designed to reduce inappropriate psychotropic medication use and subsequent psychotropic use.DESIGNRetrospective, propensity score–matched, controlled, patient‐level observational analysis.SETTINGA total of 45 nursing homes in Spain.PARTICIPANTSA total of 1653 nursing home residents, aged 70 to 99 years, who had dementia and were prescribed an antipsychotic, anxiolytic, or antidepressant medication, 606 of whom received an intervention; the remainder served as propensity score–matched controls.INTERVENTIONTeam Rounds, Screening Tool of Older Persons' Prescriptions (STOPP)/Screening Tool to Alert Doctors to Right Treatment (START) criteria, or a Patient Decision Aid.MEASUREMENTSAt 2 and 4 weeks following intervention: change from baseline drug class–specific milligram‐equivalent daily dose (MEDD); at 2 weeks: patient falls and restraint use.RESULTSWithin each intervention/drug‐class cohort, intervention patients and matched controls had similar baseline demographic characteristics, Charlson scores, lengths of admission, and drug class–specific MEDDs. Compared to controls, patients exposed to Team Rounds experienced a 23.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 13.9%‐32.8%) reduction in antipsychotic and a 23.1% (95% CI = 18.3%‐28.0%) reduction in anxiolytic MEDDs; those exposed to Patient Decision Aids had a 24.8% (95% CI = 15.6%‐33.9%) reduction in antipsychotic and a 31.8% (95% CI = 25.5%‐38.2%) reduction in anxiolytic MEDDs; and those exposed to STOPP/START application had a 27.7% (95% CI = 22.4%‐33.0%) reduction in antipsychotic and a 39.5% (95% CI = 35.5%‐43.5%) reduction in anxiolytic MEDDs. Intervention‐associated antidepressant MEDD reductions were statistically significant but less dramatic. Interventions were associated with higher rates of medication discontinuation, but not higher rates of deaths, patient falls, or physical restraints.CONCLUSIONWe found strong evidence that the interventions we studied were associated with reduced psychotropic use without commensurate harms, suggesting that such interventions should be incorporated into Spanish nursing home care models. Public reporting of psychotropic medication use in Spanish care homes may encourage care homes to regularly monitor psychotropic medication use and implement such instruments. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2019.
Divergence and hybridization in the desert plant Reaumuria soongarica
Authors: Shi Yong , Yan Xia , Yin Heng‐Xia , Qian Chao‐Ju , Fan Xing‐Ke , Yin Xiao‐Yue , Chang Yu‐Xiao , Zhang Cheng‐Jun , Ma Xiao‐Fei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSpeciation is widely accepted to be a complex and continuous process. Due to complicated evolutionary histories, desert plants are ideal model systems to understand the process of speciation along a continuum. Here, we elucidate the evolutionary history of Reaumuria soongarica (Pall.) Maxim., a typical desert plant that is wildly distributed across arid central Asia. Based on variation patterns present at nine nuclear loci in 325 individuals (representing 41 populations), we examined the demographic history, patterns of gene flow, and degree of ecological differentiation among wild R. soongarica. Our findings indicate that genetic divergence between the ancient western and eastern lineages of R. soongarica occurred approximately 0.714 Mya, probably due to the Kunlun–Yellow River tectonic movement and the Naynayxungla glaciation. Later, multiple hybridization events between the western and eastern lineages that took place between 0.287 and 0.543 Mya, and which might have been triggered by the asynchronous historical expansion of the western and eastern deserts, contributed to the formation of a hybrid northern lineage. Moreover, despite continuing gene flow into this population from its progenitors, the northern lineage maintained its genetic boundary by ecological differentiation. The northern lineage could be an incipient species, and provides an opportunity to study the continuous process of speciation. This study suggests that two opposite evolutionary forces, divergence and hybridization, coexisting in the continuous speciation of the desert plant R. soongarica in a short time. Moreover, we provide evidence that this continuous speciation process is affected by geological events, climatic change, and ecological differentiation.
Screening for sleep‐disordered breathing with Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire in children with underlying conditions
Authors: Pabary Rishi , Goubau Christophe , Russo Kylie , Laverty Aidan , Abel François , Samuels Martin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire described by Chervin et al. (Sleep Medicine, 2000, 1, 21–32) was originally validated for children with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome but without other disorders. The aim of our study was to check the applicability of this questionnaire in children with underlying chronic medical conditions. Children aged 2–18 years who underwent a diagnostic sleep study at Great Ormond Street Hospital were recruited over a 10‐month period. The Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire completed by their parents and cardiorespiratory polygraphy were scored. Sensitivities and specificities of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire were calculated using a Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire score of 0.33 as being indicative of sleep‐disordered breathing. A total of 561 patients were reviewed. Neuromuscular disorders (n = 108), craniofacial anomalies (n = 58) and the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome control group (n = 155) were best represented. The sensitivity for patients with isolated obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome was 76.5% when using an apnoea–hypopnoea index ≥ 5, but this was much lower when looking at specific sub‐groups such as neuromuscular patients (25%) or patients with Trisomy 21 (36.7%). Sensitivities remained unchanged for patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (77.3%) when an apnoea–hypopnoea index of ≥ 1 was used, but improved for neuromuscular disorders sub‐groups (36.7%) and Trisomy 21 (84%). In conclusion, the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire is not a good screening tool for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children with complex underlying disorders when a cut‐off apnoea–hypopnoea index of ≥ 5 is used, and it cannot replace cardiorespiratory polygraphy recording.
The relationship between coronary artery disease and cardiovascular events early after liver transplantation
Authors: Patel Samarth S. , Lin Fei‐Pi , Rodriguez Viviana A. , Bhati Chandra , John Binu V. , Pence Taylor , Siddiqui Mohammad B. , Sima Adam P. , Abbate Antonio , Reichman Trevor , Siddiqui Mohammad S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsCardiovascular complications are major contributors to mortality at liver transplantation (LT). However, the impact of coronary artery disease (CAD) on these complications is not well‐understood as the literature is limited by non‐invasive assessment of CAD, which is suboptimal in patients with cirrhosis. Thus, the current study evaluated cardiovascular events at LT stratified according to the presence and severity of CAD quantified on coronary angiography.MethodsAll patients who had LT from January 2010 to January 2017 were evaluated (N = 348), but analysis was restricted to patients who had coronary angiography prior to LT (N = 283). Protocol coronary angiography was performed in all patients’ ages >50 years, history of CAD, abnormal cardiac stress test or risk factors for CAD. The primary outcome was a cardiovascular composite outcome including myocardial infraction (MI), cardiac arrest, stroke, cardiac death, heart failure or arrhythmia occurring within 4 weeks after LT.ResultsCAD was present in 92(32.5%) patients and 32(11.3%) had obstructive CAD. During the study period, 72(25.4%) patients met the primary cardiovascular outcome, the most common being arrhythmia (N = 59 or 20.8%). Non‐ST elevation MI occurred in 11(3.9%) of patients. A total of 10 deaths (3.5%) occurred, of which 6(2.1%) were attributable to cardiac death. There was no evidence of a relationship between the presence and severity of CAD and composite cardiovascular events. In multiple regression modelling, only diabetes [OR 2.62, 95%CI (1.49, 4.64), P < 0.001] was associated with the likelihood of having a cardiovascular event.ConclusionCardiovascular disease mortality is the most important contributor of early mortality after LT but is not related to the severity of CAD.
Periodic strategies in optimal execution with multiplicative price impact
Authors: Hernández‐Hernández Daniel , Moreno‐Franco Harold A. , Pérez José‐Luis 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe study the optimal execution problem with multiplicative price impact in algorithmic trading, when an agent holds an initial position of shares of a financial asset. The interselling decision times are modeled by the arrival times of a Poisson process. The criterion to be optimized consists in maximizing the expected net present value of the gains of the agent, and it is proved that an optimal strategy has a barrier form, depending only on the number of shares left and the level of the asset price.
Siderophile element characteristics of acapulcoite–lodranites and winonaites: Implications for the early differentiation processes of their parent bodies
Authors: Hidaka Yoshihiro , Shirai Naoki , Yamaguchi Akira , Ebihara Mitsuru 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe have studied magnetic fractions of five acapulcoites, three lodranites, and two winonaites to investigate chemical compositions of their precursor materials and metallic partial melting processes occurring on their parent bodies. One winonaite metal is similar in composition to low Au, low Ni IAB iron subgroup, indicating genetic relationship between them. Magnetic fractions of chondrule‐bearing acapulcoite and winonaite have intermediate chemical compositions of metals between H chondrites and EL chondrites. This fact indicates that the precursor materials of acapulcoite–lodranites and winonaites were similar to H and/or EL chondrites in chemical compositions. Magnetic fractions in acapulcoite–lodranites have a large variety of chemical compositions. Most of them show enrichments of W, Re, Ir, Pt, Mo, and Rh, and one of them shows clear depletion in Re and Ir relative to those of chondrule‐bearing acapulcoite. Chemical compositional variations among acapulcoite–lodranite metals cannot be explained by a single Fe‐Ni‐S partial melting event, but a two‐step partial melting model can explain it.
Neurologic findings are the sole manifestations of a patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis
Authors: Yamashita Shoko , Hirano Makito , Yanagimoto Satoshi , Okazaki Masahiro , Sakai Norio , Kusunoki Susumu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX), a treatable autosomal recessive lipid‐storage disease, is caused by mutations in the CYP27A1 gene. Clinical manifestations include progressive neurologic dysfunction, tendon xanthoma, cataracts, and diarrhea. Patients with CTX generally have several non‐neurologic signs and symptoms, and thus, patients with only neurologic findings have been rarely reported. We here report a patient who solely had neurologic findings with compound heterozygous mutations in the CYP27A1 gene.
A critical analysis of articles using a Gadamerian based research method
Authors: Fleming Valerie , Robb Yvonne 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt is over 20 years since Michael Crotty's groundbreaking critique of phenomenological research in nursing. However, rather than entering into the acrimonious discussions that followed, we developed a research method that we believed translated Gadamer's philosophy into the world of empirical research. Fundamental to that work was our differentiation of hermeneutics from phenomenology. The aim of the present paper was to provide a critical analysis of the citations from publication in 2003 until the end of 2017. We identified 402 citations of which 362 were included. One hundred and sixty‐three articles mentioned the article in passing, usually in a list of authors who had discussed hermeneutics. Sixteen citations misrepresented the method mainly claiming that we discussed a method for hermeneutic phenomenology (or phenomenological hermeneutics). Of the 117 citations that partially used the method, the main focus was the four steps of data analysis. Sixty studies used our method in totality although they derive from varying philosophical standpoints. Disappointingly, there has been little critique of our Gadamerian research method. For health disciplines to truly make progress in the academic stage, it is vital that we engage in with critique, some of which will come through open and honest reflexive engagement with our topics.
Willingness to receive influenza vaccination during pregnancy and associated factors among pregnant women in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Ya‐Wen , Tsai Shiow‐Meei , Lin Pao‐Chen , Chou Fan‐Hao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study was aimed to assess the willingness to receive prenatal influenza vaccine and explore its associated factors among pregnant women in Taiwan.Design and SampleThe study population included pregnant women who received prenatal care from five private hospitals/clinics during 2017–2018 influenza season.MeasurementsCollected data, including demographics, health‐relevant factors, as well as knowledge and attitudes regarding influenza and its vaccine, were analyzed using chi‐square tests, Fisher's exact test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 498 pregnant women completed the questionnaires, 321 (64.5%) intended to receive prenatal influenza vaccine. Among those who were unwilling to be vaccinated, most (88%) had concerns about the adverse events of the vaccine. Four factors were independently associated with willingness, including hospital/clinic (aOR=6.57, 95% CI=1.96–22.04), previous influenza vaccination history (aOR=9.44, 95% CI=5.63–15.83), knowledge (aOR=2.64, 95% CI=1.25–5.55) about, and attitude (aOR=5.99, 95% CI=2.40–14.92) toward influenza vaccination.ConclusionsPregnant women with insufficient knowledge, negative attitudes, or no experience of influenza vaccination, and in remote areas were less willing to receive maternal influenza vaccine. The adverse events and uncertainty regarding the safety of vaccines were the most important factors. The health‐care providers should promote or explain risks and benefits of maternal influenza vaccination during prenatal care or outpatient consultation.
Large lateralized EDAN‐like brain potentials in a gaze‐shift detection task
Authors: Kirk Driller K. , Stephani T. , Dimigen O. , Sommer W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAttentional cueing tasks using gaze direction as spatial cues have sometimes yielded an early directing attention negativity (EDAN) component in the ERP, presumably reflecting the initial orienting toward the cued location. However, other studies have failed to identify an EDAN component for gaze cues, yielding an inconsistent picture. In the present study, we re‐examined the EDAN to gaze cueing, using a continuous task where the specific direction of the gaze changes was task irrelevant. Face stimuli changed gaze direction several times during each trial between direct, left‐, and right‐averted positions. Participants counted the number of gaze shifts during the trial. Results showed an unusually large EDAN‐like ERP asymmetry at posterior scalp sites that was of similar amplitude for large and small gaze shifts into the periphery. Shifts from an averted position toward a direct gaze elicited a qualitatively similar but smaller effect than shifts into the periphery. Together, these findings shed new light on gaze‐elicited spatial attention as they indicate a reflexive attention orienting, following the direction of gaze motion, even when the gaze direction itself is irrelevant for the task.
Changes in physical activity during hospital admission for chronic respiratory disease
Authors: Orme Mark W. , Harvey‐Dunstan Theresa C. , Boral Ismet , Chaplin Emma J.L. , Hussain S. Fayyaz , Morgan Mike D.L. , Steiner Michael C. , Singh Sally J. , Greening Neil J. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveEstablishing the amount of inpatient physical activity (PA) undertaken by individuals hospitalized for chronic respiratory disease is needed to inform interventions. This observational study investigated whether PA changes when a person is an inpatient, how long is required to obtain representative PA measures and whether PA varies within a day and between patients of differing lengths of stay.MethodsA total of 389 participants were recruited as early as possible into their hospitalization. Patients wore a PA monitor from recruitment until discharge. Step count was extracted for a range of wear time criteria. Single‐day intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated, with an ICC ≥ 0.80 deemed acceptable.ResultsPA data were available for 259 participants. No changes in daily step count were observed during the inpatient stay (586 (95% CI: 427–744) vs 652 (95% CI: 493–812) steps/day for day 2 and 7, respectively). ICC across all wear time criteria were > 0.80. The most stringent wear time criterion, retaining 80% of the sample, was ≥11 h on ≥1 day. More steps were taken during the morning and afternoon than overnight and evening. After controlling for the Medical Research Council (MRC) grade or oxygen use, there was no difference in step count between patients admitted for 2–3 days (short stay) and those admitted for 7–14 days (long stay).ConclusionPatients move little during their hospitalization, and inpatient PA did not increase during their stay. A wear time criterion of 11 waking hours on any single day was representative of the entire admission whilst retaining an acceptable proportion of the initial sample size. Patients may need encouragement to move more during their hospital stay.
On the optimal focusing of solitons and breathers in long‐wave models
Authors: Slunyaev Alexey 
Published: March 2019

AbstractConditions of optimal (synchronized) collisions of any number of solitons and breathers are studied within the framework of the Gardner equation (GE) with positive cubic nonlinearity, which in the limits of small and large amplitudes tends to other long‐wave models, the classic and the modified Korteweg–de Vries equations. The local solution for an isolated soliton or breather within the GE is obtained. The wave amplitude in the focal point is calculated exactly. It exhibits a linear superposition of partial amplitudes of the solitons and breathers. The crucial role of the choice of proper soliton polarities and breather phases on the cumulative wave amplitude in the focal point is demonstrated. Solitons are most synchronized when they have alternating polarities. The straightforward link to the problem of synchronization of envelope solitons and breathers in the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation is discussed (then breathers correspond to envelope solitons propagating above a condensate).
High‐resolution national land use scenarios under a shrinking population in Japan
Authors: Ohashi Haruka , Fukasawa Keita , Ariga Toshinori , Matsui Tetsuya , Hijioka Yasuaki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn sharp contrast with the global trend in population growth, certain developed countries are expected to experience rapid national population declines. Considering future land use scenarios that include depopulation is necessary to evaluate changes in ecosystem services that affect human well‐being and to facilitate comprehensive strategies for balancing rural and urban development. In this study, we applied a population‐projection‐assimilated predictive land use modeling (PPAP‐LM) approach, in which a spatially explicit population projection was incorporated as a predictor in a land use model. To analyze the effects of future population distributions on land use, we developed models for five land use types and generated projections for two scenarios (centralization and decentralization) under a shrinking population in Japan during 2015–2050. Our results suggested that population centralization promotes the compaction of built‐up areas and the expansion of forest and wastelands, while population decentralization contributes to the maintenance of a mixture of forest and cultivated land.
Recognition of Intracellular Bacteria by Inflammasomes
Authors: Broz Petr 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Inflammasomes are multiprotein signaling complexes that are assembled by cytosolic sensors upon the detection of infectious or noxious stimuli. These complexes activate inflammatory caspases to induce host cell death and cytokine secretion and are an essential part of antimicrobial host defense. In this review, I discuss how intracellular bacteria are detected by inflammasomes, how the specific sensing mechanism of each inflammasome receptor restricts the ability of bacteria to evade immune recognition, and how host cell death is used to control bacterial replication
in vivo
.