bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deteriorated Cardiometabolic Risk Profile in Individuals With Excessive Blood Pressure Response to Submaximal Exercise
Authors: Côté Charles-Emanuel , Rhéaume Caroline , Poirier Paul , Després Jean-Pierre , Alméras Natalie 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Early identification of individuals at increased cardiometabolic risk is an essential step to improve primary preventive interventions. Excessive maximal exercise blood pressure (EBP) has been associated with several adverse outcomes. We examined how submaximal EBP could help us to identify individuals with a deteriorated cardiometabolic risk profile.

METHODS
Data from an observational study of 3,913 participants from a convenience sample were used. Subjects included in the analyses completed a comprehensive cardiometabolic health assessment (resting blood pressure [BP]; waist circumference; lipid profile; HbA1c; submaximal treadmill exercise test including a standardized stage [3.5 mph and 2% slope] with BP and heart rate measurements). Participants were classified on BP response at the standardized stage (Normal or Excessive Response). Excessive response was defined as systolic BP ≥ 80th percentile or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg. Subjects were also classified into five resting BP subgroups according to current guidelines.

RESULTS
The Excessive Response group had more deteriorated cardiometabolic and cardiorespiratory profiles than the Normal Response group (P ≤ 0.01). The Excessive Response group also showed a greater proportion of carriers of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype in most resting BP subgroups (P ≤ 0.05). Finally, excessive BP response to submaximal exercise showed an independent contribution on cardiometabolic and cardiorespiratory factors beyond age, sex, and resting BP.

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that an excessive BP response to a submaximal exercise is associated with a deteriorated cardiometabolic risk profile beyond resting BP profile. Therefore, submaximal EBP represents a simple screening tool to better identify at-risk individuals requiring aggressive preventive lifestyle interventions.
Full-length de novo viral quasispecies assembly through variation graph construction
Authors: Baaijens Jasmijn A , Van der Roest Bastiaan , Köster Johannes , Stougie Leen , Schönhuth Alexander 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Viruses populate their hosts as a viral quasispecies: a collection of genetically related mutant strains. Viral quasispecies assembly is the reconstruction of strain-specific haplotypes from read data, and predicting their relative abundances within the mix of strains is an important step for various treatment-related reasons. Reference genome independent (‘de novo’) approaches have yielded benefits over reference-guided approaches, because reference-induced biases can become overwhelming when dealing with divergent strains. While being very accurate, extant de novo methods only yield rather short contigs. The remaining challenge is to reconstruct full-length haplotypes together with their abundances from such contigs.

Results
We present Virus-VG as a de novo approach to viral haplotype reconstruction from preassembled contigs. Our method constructs a variation graph from the short input contigs without making use of a reference genome. Then, to obtain paths through the variation graph that reflect the original haplotypes, we solve a minimization problem that yields a selection of maximal-length paths that is, optimal in terms of being compatible with the read coverages computed for the nodes of the variation graph. We output the resulting selection of maximal length paths as the haplotypes, together with their abundances. Benchmarking experiments on challenging simulated and real datasets show significant improvements in assembly contiguity compared to the input contigs, while preserving low error rates compared to the state-of-the-art viral quasispecies assemblers.

Availability and implementation
Virus-VG is freely available at https://bitbucket.org/jbaaijens/virus-vg.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sexual Identity, Gender, and Human Fulfillment: Analyzing the “Middle Way” Between Liberal and Traditionalist Approaches
Authors: Moschella Melissa 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this essay, I outline fundamental anthropological and moral principles related to human sexuality and gender identity and then apply these principles to analyze and evaluate the views of several authors who attempt to carve out a “middle way” between liberal and traditionalist approaches to these issues. In doing so, I engage especially with the claim that gender dysphoria, rather than being a psychological issue, is a type of biological intersex condition in which one’s “brain sex” is out of line with one’s genital and chromosomal sex. I argue that understanding the human person as a unity of body and soul and recognizing human sexuality as ordered toward the human good of marriage understood as inseparably unitive and procreative reveals the flaws in this position and helps to show why hormonal or surgical gender reassignment therapy is not a medically or ethically appropriate response to gender dysphoria. I also offer an alternative characterization of gender dysphoria and suggestions for responding with true compassion to those who suffer from it.
Rethinking professionalization: A generative dialogue on CSR practitioners1
Authors: Brès Luc , Mosonyi Szilvia , Gond Jean-Pascal , Muzio Daniel , Mitra Rahul , Werr Andreas , Wickert Christopher 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStudies of emerging professions are more and more at the crossroad of different fields of research, and field boundaries thus hamper the development of a full-fledged conversation. In an attempt to bridge these boundaries, this article offers a ‘generative dialogue’ about the redefinition of the professionalization project through the case of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practitioners. We bring together prominent scholars from two distinct academic communities—CSR and the professions—to shed light on some of the unsolved questions and dilemmas around contemporary professionalization through an example of an emerging profession. Key learnings from this dialogue point us toward the rethinking of processes of professionalization, in particular the role of expertise, the unifying force of common normative goals, and collaborative practises between networks of stakeholders. As such, we expand the research agenda for scholars of the professions and of CSR.
Epistemologies of bordering: Domestic violence advocacy with marriage migrants in the shadow of deportation
Authors: Bhuyan Rupaleem , Bragg Bronwyn 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Drawing on interviews with service providers and legal advocates in Canada, this article explores how bordering practices shape front-line service delivery with immigrant women seeking safety from domestic violence. Our research examines the implementation of ‘conditional permanent residence’ (conditional PR) between 2012 and 2017. Conditional PR applied to some newly sponsored spouses and partners who were required to cohabit with their sponsoring spouse/partner for two years following their arrival in Canada in order to retain their permanent resident status. We illustrate how conditional PR exacerbated the vulnerabilities already facing spousal immigrants by linking deportation to the failure to cohabit with their spouse. In particular, we examine the implementation of an ‘exception for abuse and neglect’, whereby victims of domestic violence could apply to remove the condition on their permanent resident status. We argue that when service providers mobilized their ‘ways of knowing’ about domestic violence to verify a sponsored spouse’s claims of abuse, they inadvertently took part in regulating ‘deserving’ versus deportable immigrants. This research develops a gendered analysis of deportability towards theorizing how bordering practices operate through the shadow state to regulate racialized immigrant women.
Correlation between the ionizing continuum and the variable C iv broad absorption line in multi-epoch observations of SDSS J141007.74+541203.3
Authors: Huang Hong-Yan , Pan Cai-Juan , Lu Wei-Jian , Qin Yi-Ping , Lin Ying-Ru , Huang Wei-Rong , Zhou Yu-Tao , Yao Min , Nong Wei-Jing , Lu Mei-Mei , Yao Zhi-Kao , Han Qing-Lin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Correlations between the variations of quasar absorption lines and the ionizing continuum have been confirmed recently in systematic studies. However, no convincing individual case is reported. We present a statistical analysis of the variable C iv broad absorption line (BAL) in the quasar SDSS J141007.74+541203.3, which has been observed with 44 epochs by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 14. Grier et al. have concluded that the most likely cause of the variability of the BAL in SDSS J141007.74+541203.3 is a rapid response to changes in the incident ionizing continuum. In this paper, we confirm the anticorrelation between the equivalent width of BALs and the flux of the continuum based on the spectra of this quasar, which show significant variations. This serves as further independent evidence for the conclusions of Grier et al.
The political economy of carbon pricing: a panel analysis
Authors: Dolphin Geoffroy , Pollitt Michael G , Newbery David M 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn virtually all jurisdictions that explicitly price carbon, its average (emissions-weighted) price remains low. Our analysis focuses on the political economy of its introduction as well as its stringency in an international panel of national and North American subnational jurisdictions. Results suggest that political economy factors primarily affected the former and that policy stringency is a highly persistent process. This has two important policy implications. First, successful passage of carbon pricing legislation will either come with contemporaneous compensation of incumbent, CO2-intensive, sectors or occur after their relative weakening. Second, if political economy constraints continue to prevail, climate change mitigation strategies will require multiple instruments.
Photosynthetic Responses to High Temperature and Strong Light Suggest Potential Post-flowering Drought Tolerance of Sorghum Japanese Landrace Takakibi
Authors: Ohnishi Norikazu , Wacera W. Fiona , Sakamoto Wataru 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a C4 crop known to be adaptable to harsh environments such as those under high temperature and water deficit. In this study, we focused on a Japanese sorghum landrace Takakibi (NOG) and employed chlorophyll fluorescence measurements to assess its response to environmental stress. Comparison of photosynthetic rate evaluated using two parameters (effective quantum yield and electron transfer rate) indicated that NOG showed less activity than BTx623 in the pre-flowering stage, which was consistent with the higher susceptibility of NOG seedlings to drought than BTx623. The observed differences in photosynthetic activity between the two cultivars were detectable without drought conditions on days with high temperature and strong light. Interestingly, the photosynthetic activity of NOG leaves in stress conditions increased soon after heading, and the trend was similar to that in BTx642, a well-characterized post-flowering drought-tolerant cultivar. In contrast, BTx623 showed a gradual decline in photosynthetic rate. Thus, we inferred that Japanese Takakibi has the potential to show pre-flowering drought susceptibility and post-flowering drought tolerance, through which it adapts to local climates with high temperature and strong light at harvest.
Gender differences in cardiovascular risk of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Adawi M , Gurovich B , Firas S , Watad A , Bragazzi N l , Amital H , Sirchan R , Blum A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, affecting women more than men, with a more aggressive course in women.

Design
A prospective study that recruited 58 patients (46 women aged 56 ± 12 years) with active long-standing RA disease (>12 months). Our goals were to measure their endothelial function, part of the cardiovascular risk assessment.

Methods
The Brachial Artery method measured endothelial function (the flow mediated percent change [FMD percentage] of the brachial artery diameter). A senior Rheumatologist clinically evaluated all subjects. Mann Whitney rank sum test estimated gender differences among the RA patients.

Results
Median FMD% change for men was −6.07%, while median FMD% change for women was 0.44% (Z = 2.38, P = 0.01). Baseline Brachial artery diameter was larger in men (Z = 2.52, P = 0.01); however, tender joints count and BMI were greater in women (Z=−2.24, P = 0.01; Z=−3.99, P = 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions
Women with RA have significantly better endothelial function than men with RA. It means that even though RA is 3-fold more prevalent in women, women are more protected from atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and cardiac events.
EFFECTIVE DOSES DUE TO OUTDOOR AND INDOOR RADON AT A MEDITERRANEAN SITE
Authors: Kikaj Dafina , Vaupotič Janja 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A year-long continuous measurement of the radon activity concentration in the outdoor air at a Mediterranean site has shown a range of 2–144 Bq m−3 and annual mean of 18 ± 14 Bq m−3. Seasonal means were: 15 ± 10 Bq m−3 in winter, 15 ± 12 Bq m−3 in spring, 22 ± 19 Bq m−3 in summer and 17 ± 12 Bq m−3 in autumn. In summer, the average radon activity concentration in the daytime (6–22 h) was 15.2 Bq m−3 and in the night-time (22–6 h) 33.4 Bq m−3. The annual effective dose was 1.83 mSv, with 1.66 mSv from indoor and 0.17 mSv (9%) from outdoor radon. The related doses for the summertime were (mSv): 0.29, 0.24 and 0.05 (18%).
To Mitigate The Lnt Model’s Unintended Consequences—A Proposed Stopping Point For As Low As Reasonably Achievable
Authors: Abelquist Eric W. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
While the debate over the linear no-threshold model continues, there’s a relatively straightforward step that can be taken to mitigate the unintended consequences of the linear no-threshold model and the application of the as low as reasonably achievable principle—enact a stopping point for as low as reasonably achievable. The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements defined the negligible individual dose in 1993 as having a value of 0.01 mSv y−1. Radiation safety professionals overwhelmingly agree that applying the as low as reasonably achievable principle at very low doses, such as those consistent with background radiation levels, is not improving radiation safety of the public or radiation workers. To the contrary, this practice has significant financial and social consequences, and it severely inhibits public communication of radiation risks. To move forward, the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements should increase the negligible individual dose to a more practical value of 0.1 mSv y−1—the new as low as reasonably achievable stopping point. While radiation research in radiation biology and epidemiology are needed to better understand low-dose health effects below 100 mSv, in the meantime we should apply what we know—i.e., that radiation protection should not include trying to protect people from radiation doses that are consistent with variations in background radiation.
Risk Factors for Rapid Progression From Acute Recurrent to Chronic Pancreatitis in Children
Authors: Liu Quin Y. , Abu‐El‐Haija Maisam , Husain Sohail Z. , Barth Bradley , Bellin Melena , Fishman Douglas S. , Freedman Steven D. , Gariepy Cheryl E. , Giefer Matthew J. , Gonska Tanja , Heyman Melvin B. , Himes Ryan , Lin Tom K. , Maqbool Asim , Mascarenhas Maria , McFerron Brian A. , Morinville Veronique D. , Nathan Jaimie D. , Ooi Chee Y. , Perito Emily R. , Pohl John F. , Rhee Sue , Schwarzenberg Sarah J. , Shah Uzma , Troendle David , Werlin Steven L. , Wilschanski Michael , Zimmerman M. Bridget , Lowe Mark E. , Uc Aliye 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the study was to determine the rate of progression from acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) to chronic pancreatitis (CP) in children and assess risk factors.Study Design:Data were collected from the INternational Study group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In search for a cuRE (INSPPIRE) cohort. Kaplan‐Meier curves were constructed to calculate duration of progression from initial attack of acute pancreatitis (AP) to CP. Log‐rank test was used to compare survival (nonprogression) probability distribution between groups. Cox proportional hazard regression models were fitted to obtain hazard ratio (with 95% confidence interval [CI]) of progression for each risk variable.Results:Of 442 children, 251 had ARP and 191 had CP. The median time of progression from initial attack of AP to CP was 3.79 years. The progression was faster in those ages 6 years or older at the first episode of AP compared to those younger than 6 years (median time to CP: 2.91 vs 4.92 years; P = 0.01). Children with pathogenic PRSS1 variants progressed more rapidly to CP compared to children without PRSS1 variants (median time to CP: 2.52 vs 4.48 years; P = 0.003). Within 6 years after the initial AP attack, cumulative proportion with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was 18.0% (95% CI: 12.4%, 25.6%); diabetes mellitus was 7.7% (95% CI: 4.2%, 14.1%).Conclusions:Children with ARP rapidly progress to CP, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and diabetes. The progression to CP is faster in children who were 6 years or older at the first episode of AP or with pathogenic PRSS1 variants. The factors that affect the aggressive disease course in childhood warrant further investigation.
Predictive Value of Abnormal Findings on Covered Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Baseline Doppler Sonography
Authors: Habibollahi Peiman , Shamchi Sara Pourhassan , D'souza Julia , Weber Charles N. , Langer Jill E. , Nadolski Gregory J. , Chauhan Anil 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDoppler ultrasound (DUS) is frequently performed as a screening and diagnostic modality to evaluate the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for short- and intermediate-term complications of the procedure. However, the clinical significance of initial frequently observed abnormalities in flow velocities, gradient, and direction in patients with covered TIPS is less studied. A retrospective study was performed between January 2005 and December 2014, and all patients undergoing covered TIPS procedure for the management of portal hypertension were included. Abnormal DUS findings were defined as intrashunt peak systolic velocities (PSVs) less than 90 or greater than 190 cm/s, intrashunt gradient greater than 50 cm/s, and abnormal flow direction in the main, right, and/or left portal veins. A total of 283 patients with adequate clinical follow-up and baseline TIPS DUS were included in the study. Median follow-up was 18.2 months. During the follow-up period, portal hypertension symptoms recurred in 83 patients who underwent TIPS angiography and/or revision. Of the 83, 57 had an elevated portosystemic gradient (>12 mm Hg) requiring angioplasty/stenting. With regard to baseline ultrasound, low PSVs were present in 88 patients (31.1%), high PSVs in 44 patients (15.5%), and elevated gradient in 98 patients (34.6%). The rate of developing TIPS stenosis in the future was not higher in patients with abnormal DUS parameters. For example, 26 (19.7%) of 132 patients with abnormal TIPS velocities developed stenosis compared with 31 (20.5%) of 151 patients with normal velocities (P= 0.9). Based on these results, abnormal DUS findings observed on baseline TIPS ultrasound examination have low predictive value for future covered TIPS dysfunction and failure.
Phosphatidylinositol Cycle Disruption is Central to Atypical Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome Caused by Diacylglycerol Kinase Epsilon Deficiency
Authors: So Vincent , Wu Jing , Traynor-Kaplan Alexis , Choy Christopher , Epand Richard , Botelho Roberto , Lemaire Mathieu 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundLoss-of-function mutations in diacylglycerol kinase epsilon (DGKE) cause a rare form of atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (aHUS) for which there is no treatment besides kidney transplantation. Highly expressed in kidney endothelial cells, DGKE is a lipid kinase that phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatic acid (PA). Specifically, DGKE’s preferred substrate is 38:4-DAG, that is DAG containing stearic acid (18:0) and arachidonic acid (20:4). DAG is produced when phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) is cleaved by phospholipase C (PLC). A better understanding of how DGKE deficiency impacts the endothelial lipid landscape is critical to developing a treatment for this condition.MethodsWe used orthogonal methods to compare the lipid levels in two novel models of DGKE deficiency to their respective controls: an immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cell (iHUVEC) engineered with CRISPR/Cas9 and a blood outgrowth endothelial cell (BOEC) from an affected patient. Methods included mass spectrometry lipidomics, radiolabeling of phosphoinositides with [3H]myo-inositol, and live-tracking of a transfected fluorescent PtdIns(4,5)P2 biosensor.ResultsUnexpectedly, mass spectrometry lipidomics data revealed that high 38:4-DAG was not observed in the two DGKE-deficient models. Instead, a reduction in 38:4-PtdIns(4,5)P2 was the major abnormality.These results were confirmed with the other two methods in DGKE-deficient iHUVEC.ConclusionReduced 38:4-PtdIns(4,5)P2—but not increased 38:4-DAG—is likely to be key to the pro-thrombotic phenotype exhibited by patients with DGKE aHUS.TRANSLATIONAL STATEMENTMutations in DGKE cause a severe renal thrombotic microangiopathy that affects young children and leads to end-stage renal disease before adulthood. DGKE preferentially phosphorylates diacylglycerol to its corresponding phosphatidic acid (PA), which is then used to synthesize PtdIns(4,5)P2 via the phosphatidylinositol cycle. Understanding the disease pathophysiology is necessary to develop a treatment to prevent this outcome. This paper describes how we applied mass spectrometry lipidomics to two novel models of DGKE deficiency to investigate how this defect impacts the levels of diacylglycerol, PA and related phosphoinositides in endothelia. Unexpectedly, our data show that the critical abnormality caused by DGKE deficiency is not high diacylglycerol, but rather low PtdIns(4,5)P2. Restoring endothelial PtdIns(4,5)P2 homeostasis may be the cornerstone to treat these patients.
An Algorithmic Barrier to Neural Circuit Understanding
Authors: Ramaswamy Venkatakrishnan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNeuroscience is witnessing extraordinary progress in experimental techniques, especially at the neural circuit level. These advances are largely aimed at enabling us to understand how neural circuit computations mechanisticallycausebehavior. Here, using techniques from Theoretical Computer Science, we examine how many experiments are needed to obtain such an empirical understanding. It is proved, mathematically, that establishing the most extensive notions of understandingneedexponentially-many experiments in the number of neurons, in general, unless a widely-posited hypothesis about computation is false. Worse still, the feasible experimental regime is one where the number of experiments scales sub-linearly in the number of neurons, suggesting a fundamental impediment to such an understanding. Determining which notions of understanding are algorithmically tractable, thus, becomes an important new endeavor in Neuroscience.