bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of anterior and posterior maneuvers to enhance intraconal exposure
Authors: Lemos‐Rodriguez Ana M. , Farzal Zainab , Overton Lewis J. , Rawal Rounak B. , Eftekhari Kian , Sasaki‐Adams Deanna , Ewend Matthew , Thorp Brian D. , Ebert Charles S. , Zanation Adam M. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe medial and inferior recti encompass the ideal surgical corridor to approach the intraconal space endonasally. Here, we describe 3 different maneuvers to achieve greater access to orbital contents through an expanded endonasal approach (EEA).MethodsFour human cadaver heads were dissected bilaterally (n = 8). EEA to the medial intraconal orbit was executed. The following 3 maneuvers were performed: (1) anterior: extraocular muscles control (EOM); (2) posterior: annulus of Zinn (AZ) release; and (3) anterior/posterior combined. Measurements of the inferior and medial rectus corridor at the level of anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) and posterior ethmoidal artery (PEA) and extent of optic nerve and medial rectus visualization was performed before and after each maneuver.ResultsMedial rectus length (MRL) and optic nerve length (ONL) achieved were 1.72 ± 0.28 cm and 0.85 ± 0.2 cm, respectively. Mean caudal‐rostral distances between the rectus muscles at the level of the AEA and PEA were 3.45 ± 0.7 mm and 1.30 ± 0.3 mm, respectively. After EOM control, mean caudal‐rostral distances at the same level were as follows: AEA 4.90 ± 1.15 mm (p = 0.009) and PEA 1.70 ± 0.20 mm (p = 0.016). With AZ release, MRL was 2.20 ± 0.7 cm (p = 0.002) and ONL was 1.30 ± 0.2 cm (p = 0.003), with mean rostral‐caudal distance at the level of AEA at 4.03 ± 0.8 mm (p = 0.16) and PEA at 1.71 ± 0.36 mm (p = 0.039). Mean caudal‐rostral distances achieved with AZ release and EOM control were as follows: AEA 5.6 ± 1.2 mm (p = 0.001) and PEA 2.15 ± 0.4 mm (p = 0.001).ConclusionProgressive access to the orbital contents is afforded with the 3 delineated maneuvers. The magnitude of access is optimized with the combined maneuver. The actual anterior/posterior location of the target will determine which maneuvers are required.
Development of the Japanese version of the State Behavioral Scale for critically ill children
Authors: Hoshino Haruhiko , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Matsuishi Yujiro , Shimojo Nobutake , Enomoto Yuki , Ohto Tatsuyuki , Kido Takahiro , Ouchi Akira , Sumitani Masahiko , Kawano Satoru , Inoue Yoshiaki 
Published: December 2018

AimsThe State Behavioral Scale (SBS) was developed to assess sedation states, including agitation, in pediatric patients on mechanical ventilation. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of a back‐translated Japanese version of the SBS.MethodsTranslation was done by the back‐translation method followed by a prospective study in a Japanese intensive care unit. For reliability, a nurse/researcher pair evaluated SBS along eight dimensions (respiratory drive, response to ventilation, coughing, best response to stimulation, attentiveness to care provider, tolerance to care, consolability, and movement after consoled). For validity, SBS scores were compared to the Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale and a visual analog scale (VAS).ResultsThe original author approved the back‐translated SBS. Thirty‐one patients aged 0 weeks to 8 years were evaluated from 59 total critical pediatric patient encounters. The researcher and nurse SBS scores demonstrated excellent inter‐rater reliability (weighted κ = 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–0.99). In addition, there was a very strong correlation between the researcher and nurse VAS scores (ρ = 0.80, P < 0.001). Weighted kappa coefficients for the eight dimensions ranged from 0.71 (95% confidence interval, 0.55–0.88; consolability) to 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.80–0.98; best response to stimulation). In validity testing, nurse SBS and nurse VAS scores were strongly correlated (ρ = 0.80, P < 0.001) with the researcher SBS and researcher Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale scores (ρ = 0.91, P < 0.001).ConclusionThis study suggests that our Japanese version of the SBS is valid and reliable for evaluating sedation for critically ill children.
Effect of particle size on microstructural and mechanical properties of UHMWPE–TiO2 composites produced by gelation and crystallization method
Authors: Celebi Efe Gozde , Altinsoy Ibrahim , Türk Serbülent , Bindal Cuma , Ucisik A. Hikmet 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study, Ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) in 0.5 wt % concentration—0.5, 1, and 2 wt % nanosized and micron‐sized TiO2 composites were produced via gelation/crystallization method in decalin + antioxidant solution at 150 °C for 45 min by using magnetic stirrer. The gel composites were cooled in an aluminum tray embedded in iced water under ambient conditions and dried in an oven at 130 °C for 90 min to remove any residual trace of decalin and to strengthen the UHWMPE matrix. Scanning electron microscopy–EDS images indicate that TiO2 particles were integrated well with the polymer matrix. differential scanning calorimetry studies revealed that the crystallinity of pure UHMWPE was calculated as 56% and an increase of 13.32% for micron sized and 19.25% for nano sized TiO2. Crystalline and amorphous phases of UHMWPE–TiO2 composites confirmed by Raman are in good agreement with the literature. The elastic modulus of test materials ranged from 610 to 791 MPa for micron sized and raised from 675 to 1085 for nano sized reinforcing agents. Ultimate tensile stress increased about 35% for micron sized and 60% for nano sized weight 1% TiO2 reinforced composites. Biomineralization tests (performed in stimulated body fluid, at 37 °C and 6.5 pH during 1 month) have shown that produced composites are compatible as acetabular liner replacement for hipjoints due to no accumulation (Ca, P, Na, etc.) on UHMWPE–TiO2 composites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47402.
Aerosol Generation of Nonspherical Particles by Desublimation of Copper Phthalocyanine
Authors: Dillenburger Tim , Hellmann Albert , Hillemann Lars , Stintz Michael , Ripperger Siegfried , Antonyuk Sergiy 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA novel generator for a defined test aerosol consisting of nonspherical particles was developed based on the desublimation of copper phthalocyanine during adiabatic cooling. Employing a brush disperser, copper phthalocyanine powder is dosed and dispersed in a nitrogen flow and sublimated in a tube furnace. Downstream the furnace new particles are formed due to the adiabatic expansion and the desublimation of the material in a laval nozzle. The generated particles were characterized employing a scanning mobility particle sizer and an aerosol particle mass analyzer to determine the size distribution and the dynamic shape factor. For the operating parameters of the generator examined here, particles with a mobility diameter between 30 and 600 nm were generated. The measured values for the dynamic shape factor of the particles were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy analysis.
Modeling the Dispersion of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Environment
Authors: Davardoost Farzad , Kahforoushan Davood 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIndoor air pollution belongs to the factors which puts the health of the corresponding occupants at risk. Effects of ventilation and, hence, various air flow regimes as parameters contributing to reduced air pollution in indoor spaces were further studied. For this purpose, air flow and distribution of the pollutant concentration were three‐dimensionally modeled at various ventilation rates. Results indicate that an increase in input air flow rate into the room in early times directly contributes to enhanced concentration of the pollutant in the indoor space. In general, with increasing the ventilation rate and changing the fluid‐flow regime from laminar to turbulent, the average concentration of the pollutant inside the indoor space decreased significantly.
Ultrasonic Fabrication of Polymer Plate Reactors with a Surface Coating
Authors: Hoehr Lukas , Reichmann Felix , Berndt Marius , Sackmann Johannes , Kockmann Norbert , Schomburg Werner Karl 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMicroreactors offer several advantages compared to the industrial scale when developing new chemical processes. Especially the production and investment costs are low if polymer microreactors are generated by ultrasonic processes. In order to observe the chemical reaction and the flow configuration, these microreactors need to be optically transparent, mechanically stable, and chemically inert to several reagents. The manufacturing process of a transparent polymer plate reactor with a chemically inert surface coating by ultrasonic fabrication is described. Experimental characterization of the microreactors showed that they are leak tight up to a pressure difference of at least 300 kPa and the mixing times are in the range of milliseconds.
Transferring the color imagery from an image: A color network model for assisting color combination
Authors: Xu Boqun , Liu Xiaojian , Lu Chunfu , Hong Tao , Zhu Yuning 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn order to transfer the color imagery from an image to another object to generate color schemes, a color network model is proposed. It consists of two subnets: source net for describing the color information of the reference image; target net for demonstrating the target object to be colored. Thus, the problem of reusing features of color patterns is translated into the mapping process from the source net to target net. Four indicators are designed to measure the conformity between the two nets: color sequence, adjacency, concentration, and the subspace size. In the meantime, a comprehensive aesthetic evaluation given by the designer is introduced to search the optimum combination of the four indicators to help generate imagery matching schemes. A prototype system is developed based on CorelDraw as a design tool. The feasibility of the color network model is then verified through a color combination of graphic design task.
Nonparametric statistical downscaling for the fusion of data of different spatiotemporal support
Authors: Wilkie C. J. , Miller C. A. , Scott E. M. , O'Donnell R. A. , Hunter P. D. , Spyrakos E. , Tyler A. N. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractStatistical downscaling has been developed for the fusion of data of different spatial support. However, environmental data often have different temporal support, which must also be accounted for. This paper presents a novel method of nonparametric statistical downscaling, which enables the fusion of data of different spatiotemporal support through treating the data at each location as observations of smooth functions over time. This is incorporated within a Bayesian hierarchical model with smoothly spatially varying coefficients, which provides predictions at any location or time, with associated estimates of uncertainty. The method is motivated by an application for the fusion of in situ and satellite remote sensing log(chlorophyll‐a) data from Lake Balaton, in order to improve the understanding of water quality patterns over space and time.
Understanding patient perceptions and attitudes toward urinary tract infections and treatment in a medically underserved population
Authors: Minejima Emi , Lee Eunice , Quach Stephanie , Santos Nathan , Lou Mimi , Wong‐Beringer Annie 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundPatient understanding and attitude toward urinary tract infections (UTIs) may influence successful infection management and prevention of reinfections. We aimed to identify current gaps in a medically underserved population that may hinder delivery of effective education on UTI management for use in developing future antimicrobial stewardship interventions.MethodsAdult, hospitalized patients with community‐onset UTI were recruited. Bedside interviews using a standardized questionnaire were conducted to assess patient perception of their knowledge and attitudes toward UTIs and management. Language used to conduct the interview was recorded.ResultsOverall, 120 patients were included: 44% English speaking, 74% Hispanic, 66% foreign born, and 38% male. Over half (56%) of the interviews were conducted in a non‐English language, with Spanish being the most predominant (54%). Most patients responded having “very poor” or “poor” self‐reported understanding of what a UTI is (58%), knowing the causes of UTI (70%), and how to treat a UTI (56%). By multivariable logistic regression analysis, English speaking was the most significant factor of responding positively of “very good” or “good” to the self‐reported understanding of UTI (odds ratio [OR] 4.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.22 to 11.6, P < 0.0001), while older age had the reverse outcome (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.996, P = 0.03). Overall, 97% of patients acknowledged the importance of antibiotics, although only 6% were aware of risks associated with antibiotics. Twenty‐three percent responded feeling embarrassment associated with UTIs. Non‐English‐speaking patients reported less frequent receipt of UTI education from providers (14% vs 47%, P = 0.0001). Approximately one‐third reported trying over‐the‐counter (37%) or home remedies (25%) for their symptoms.ConclusionIn a medically underserved population, non‐English‐speaking and older patients had significantly lower self‐reported knowledge of UTIs. Language barrier may have contributed to less provider education and recall of medical advice. Future antimicrobial stewardship interventions should explore alternative communication methods to close the gap in non‐English‐speaking patients.
Resveratrol treatment of spinal cord injury in rat model
Authors: Liu Xuehong , Botchway Benson O.A. , Tan Xiaoning , Zhang Yong , Fang Marong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is catastrophic and can culminate in disability and death. The routine therapy employed in early stages of SCI currently entails surgical procedures combined with high doses of methylprednisolone (MP). MP is highly controversial for the lack of consensus on its true therapeutic effects. Resveratrol (RES) has recently been recognized as a potential and novel therapeutic drug in SCI. Herein, we investigated the effect of RES in a SCI rat‐model and found significant improvement in Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan scores. Results obtained from histological, immunohistochemistry, and ultra‐structural examinations evidenced the tremendous treatment effect of RES. On the basis of our experimental results, we hypothesize that RES could serve as an effective SCI therapeutic with prolong treatment time following injury.
Branched poly (trimethylphosphonium ethylacrylate‐co‐PEGA) by RAFT: alternative to cationic polyammoniums for nucleic acid complexation
Authors: Cook Alexander B. , Peltier Raoul , Barlow Tammie R. , Tanaka Joji , Burns James A. , Perrier Sébastien 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCationic and highly branched poly (trimethylphosphonium ethylacrylate‐co‐poly (ethylene glycol) acrylate) (p (TMPEA‐co‐PEGA)), and its ammonium equivalent, have been synthesised from post‐polymerisation modification of a poly (bromo ethylacrylate‐co‐poly (ethylene glycol) acrylate) (p (BEA‐co‐PEGA)) precursor polymer produced using reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerisation. The cationic polymers were evaluated for their ability to complex nucleic acids, their in vitro cytotoxicity and their GFP pDNA transfection efficiency. The results show RAFT copolymerisation of BEA and PEGA is a simple route to polyphosphoniums showing reduced cytotoxicities and higher transfection efficiencies than their polyammonium alternatives.
Analysis of nonlinear large signal intrinsic elements for InGaP/GaAs HBT based on Gummel‐Poon model
Authors: Hu Shanwen , Xu Kaikai , Yu Shu , Wang Zixuan , Zhou Bo , Guo Yufeng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA large signal analysis method based on Gummel‐Poon model is proposed to predict nonlinear behavior of InGaP/GaAs HBT. A 2 × 20 μm2 transistor is fabricated with InGaP/GaAs HBT technology. The large signal transconductance Gm, conductance Gbe, and capacitance CBE, CBC are calculated based on the proposed method and measured using a RF testing probe. The calculated and measured results show good consistency up to nonlinear power level. The proposed method is applied to analyze variations of nonlinear large signal intrinsic elements of this transistor with increasing power under different bias conditions, in order to raise benefit of nonlinear consideration for power amplifiers.
Relative effects of age on implant integration in a rat model: A longitudinal in vivo microct study
Authors: Freitag Linda , Günther Christian , Eberli Ursula , Fürst Anton , Zeiter Stephan , Stadelmann Vincent A. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe effect of age on implant fixation in bone is not always considered during the design of preclinical models. The decision on animal's age is often related to practical or historical reasons, which ultimately may affect the reproducibility of results. This study aimed to quantify the effect of age by monitoring the fixation of contrast‐enhanced PEEK screws in rats, hypothesizing that the kinetics of fixation is impaired in older animals but that age effects are less severe than osteoporotic effects. The time course of implant fixation was investigated in healthy rats at 24, 40, and 60 weeks of age; and in ovariectomized rats. Implant fixation was monitored using in‐vivo microCT and dynamic histomorphometry during 1 month. The rats were euthanized 28 days post screw insertion. The data was analyzed both in absolute value and after normalization to baseline bone mass. In absolute terms, greater age had a detrimental effect on bone implant contact, bone fraction, implant stiffness, and bone remodeling but less than ovariectomy. Interestingly, once data was normalized to baseline bone mass this effect disappeared, suggesting that the physiologic response to implant placement was not affected by age. In conclusion, implant fixation kinetics is less affected by age than by baseline bone mass in this rat model. Animals of different ages can therefore be compared but data must be construed relatively to baseline bone mass and not in absolute terms. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 9999:1–12, 2018.
New Fused Pyrrolopyridine‐Based Copolymers for Organic Solar Cell
Authors: Lee Gyeong Seok , Shin Hee Jeong , Lee Sang‐Bong , Choi Hyosung , Kim Yun‐Hi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA fused pyrrolopyridine core having substituents on the nitrogen atom instead of the carbon atom of the indoloindole unit is developed as a new donor unit for organic electronics. The new donor–acceptor copolymers, PDHPHBT, PDHPFBT, and PDHP2FBT, are synthesized using the new donor unit, well‐known benzothiadiazole derivatives containing fluorine atoms as the acceptor. The thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties of these novel copolymers are reported. A solar cell using PDHPFBT with diphenyl ether has an open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current, fill factor, and power conversion efficiency of 0.86 V, 11.32 mA cm‐2, 0.59%, and 5.68%, respectively, under AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW cm‐2) in the absence of annealing.
Statin use and delayed onset of Huntington's disease
Authors: Schultz Jordan L. , Nopoulos Peg C. , Killoran Annie , Kamholz John A. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is evidence to suggest that 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) may be beneficial in Huntington's disease (HD).ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine if statin use was associated with delayed motor diagnosis in participants with premotor HD.MethodsAmong premotor HD participants from the Enroll‐HD database, statin users were propensity score matched with statin nonusers based on cytosine‐adenine‐guanine–age product score, cytosine‐adenine‐guanine repeat length, baseline age, sex, and region. A Cox regression survival analysis compared the annualized hazard ratio (HR) of receiving a motor diagnosis between the 2 groups.ResultsThe annualized HR of progressing to an HD motor diagnosis was lower in the statin users (n = 89) when compared with the statin nonusers (n = 89; HR = 0.27 [95% CI 0.18‐0.50], P < .0001).ConclusionsIn patients with premotor HD, statin use was associated with a delayed motor diagnosis of HD. Further studies are warranted to investigate if statins would be an effective disease‐modifying therapy for HD. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Compact high temperature superconducting multi‐mode ultra‐wideband filter
Authors: Zhou Liguo , Li Hui , Long Zhihe , Wu Hang , Zhang Tianliang , Qiao Man 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA miniaturized high temperature superconducting (HTS) ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) is presented based on stub‐loaded multi‐mode resonator (SLMMR) in this letter. This SLMMR constructed by loading three sets of different open stubs on a stepped‐impedance resonator brings five resonant modes into the passband for UWB bandwidth and a pair of transmission zeros in the transition bands for high selectivity. The filter is finally designed and fabricated on a 0.5‐mm thick MgO substrate with double‐sided YBCO HTS films. At 77 K, the measured results show that the 3‐dB bandwidth covers 3.0 GHz‐12.0 GHz; the minimum insertion loss is 0.11 dB; the return loss is better than 15.75 dB; the out‐of‐band rejection is greater than 24.35 dB in the lower stopband, and the upper stopband with 20 dB attenuation level is extended to 16.77 GHz.