bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Availability of Resources for After-Hours Surgical Management of Eye Injuries
Authors: Chen Tina , Colby Kathryn , Rodriguez Sarah , Slidell Mark , Kandel Jessica , Shah Hassan 
Published: July 2018

Background Approximately 2.4 million eye injuries per year occur in the United States. Because of the complexity of these injuries, many of these cases present to academic institutions. Ophthalmology residency programs have a wide range of resources available for eye injuries requiring after-hours surgical intervention.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine availability of resources for after-hours eye surgery and their effect on clinician satisfaction.
Methods Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology (AUPO) program directors were surveyed to assess the availability of eye-trained operating room (OR) nurses, functional operating microscopes, and suitable surgical supplies. The primary outcome measure was the availability of resources for after-hours eye surgery. Secondary outcome measures included the impact of resources on clinician satisfaction.
Results Fifty-seven program directors completed the survey. Most programs operated at level 1 trauma centers (95%), had access to a functional microscope (95%), and had frequent adequate surgical supplies (88%). On the other hand, only 28 (49%) programs reported consistent access to OR nurses with ophthalmologic training. Clinician satisfaction scores were three times higher for programs with frequent access to trained surgical OR staff than for programs without (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Approximately half of programs report consistent access to ophthalmologic-trained OR staff after hours. In contrast, most programs report access to a functional microscope and surgical supplies. The results of this survey suggest that directing resources toward improving access to after-hours staffing with specialty OR staff may improve clinician satisfaction.
“Contrecoup” Paravalvular Leak Closure
Authors: Agbor-Etang Brian B. , Rao Ravi M. , Mukherjee Ashis , Sethi Prabhdeep S. , Pai Ramdas G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractParavalvular aortic regurgitation affects some patients after surgically implanted prosthesis. The number of patients affected is likely to increase with increased utilization of nonsurgical valve replacement techniques. These patients are at increased risk of persistent clinical symptoms often requiring repair. Clinical and procedural outcomes are of importance when performing these procedures and managing these patients. We describe a case where two different leaks around an aortic prosthesis improved with closure of one defect.
Scandium-organic frameworks: progress and prospects
Authors: Barsukova Marina O. , Sapchenko Sergey A. , Dybtsev Danil N. , Fedin Vladimir P. 
Published: July 2018

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a class of crystalline coordination compounds with periodic structures composed of metal cations or clusters connected by organic linkers. In recent years, increasing interest has been attracted to the synthesis and study of MOFs based on oxophilic cations of early transition metals, first of all, ZrIV, HfIV, TiIV and ScIII, and also main group AlIII cations. The carboxylate complexes of these metals possess high stability, which ensures the chemical robustness of the corresponding coordination polymers. The MOFs based on scandium (III) and oxygen-containing ligands are promising for the design of porous materials possessing high specific surface areas, high hydrolytic and thermal stabilities of the coordination framework and diverse functional properties. This review addresses the chemistry of metal-organic frameworks based on scandium (III). Published data on the synthesis and crystal structure characterization of scandium-containing coordination polymers available before 2018 are discussed. The properties of these compounds are considered.
The bibliography includes 101 references
Role of carbon allocation efficiency in the temperature dependence of autotroph growth rates
Authors: García-Carreras Bernardo , Sal Sofía , Padfield Daniel , Kontopoulos Dimitrios-Georgios , Bestion Elvire , Schaum C.-Elisa , Yvon-Durocher Gabriel , Pawar Samrāt 
Published: July 2018

SignificanceTo predict how plant growth rate will respond to temperature requires understanding how temperature drives the underlying metabolic rates. Although past studies have considered the temperature dependences of photosynthesis and respiration rates underlying growth, they have largely overlooked the temperature dependence of carbon allocation efficiency. By combining a mathematical model that links exponential growth rate of a population of photosynthetic cells to photosynthesis, respiration, and carbon allocation; to an experiment on a freshwater alga; and to a database covering a wide range of taxa, we show that allocation efficiency is crucial for predicting how growth rates will respond to temperature change across aquatic and terrestrial autotrophs, at both short and long (evolutionary) timescales.
Identifying a large number of high-yield genes in rice by pedigree analysis, whole-genome sequencing, and CRISPR-Cas9 gene knockout
Authors: Huang Ju , Li Jing , Zhou Jun , Wang Long , Yang Sihai , Hurst Laurence D. , Li Wen-Hsiung , Tian Dacheng 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Finding the genes that control a complex trait is difficult because each gene may have only minor phenotypic effects. Quantitative trait loci mapping and genome-wide association study techniques have been developed for this purpose but are laborious and time-consuming. Here we developed a method combining pedigree analysis, whole-genome sequencing, and CRISPR-Cas9 technology. By sequencing the parents and descendants of IR8, the Green Revolution “miracle rice,” we identified many genes that had been retained in the pedigree by selection for high yield. Knockout and knockdown studies showed that a large proportion of the identified genes are essential or have phenotypic effects related to production. Our approach provides a powerful means for identifying genes involved in a complex trait.
Computational discovery of chemically patterned surfaces that effect unique hydration water dynamics
Authors: Monroe Jacob I. , Shell M. Scott 
Published: July 2018

Significance
By combining molecular dynamics simulation with genetic algorithm optimization, we show how nanoscale surface chemical patterning provides a broad strategy to engineer materials with designed hydration water dynamics. Moreover, we find a striking, general relationship between interfacial water’s dynamics and thermodynamic properties that spans many different surface types, suggesting the potential for a unified understanding of the interplay between water structure and mobility as well as a thermodynamic basis for practical surface engineering to control dynamics. These findings may translate to powerful materials design principles for the development of industrially relevant separations and catalytic processes, where precise control of water dynamics at interfaces strongly influences performance.
How Organizational Hierarchy Affects Information Production
Authors: Skrastins Janis , Vig Vikrant 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe exploit a variation in organizational hierarchy induced by a reorganization plan implemented in roughly 2,000 bank branches in India. We do so to investigate how organizational hierarchy affects the allocation of credit. We find that increased hierarchization of a branch induces credit rationing, reduces loan performance, and generates standardization in loan contracts. Additionally, we find that hierarchical structures perform better in environments characterized by a high degree of corruption, highlighting the benefits of hierarchies in restraining rent-seeking activities. Overall, our results are consistent with the view that valuable information may be lost in hierarchical structures.Received May 4, 2018; editorial decision April 30, 2018 by Editor Itay Goldstein. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Inherited gynaecological cancers
Authors: George Angela 
Published: July 2018

Purpose of review
There is an increasing interest in the role of routine testing for germline mutations in the management and outcome of gynaecological cancers as the therapeutic options for these patients develop, and knowledge about specific gene risks increase. This review focuses on recent literature assessing these areas of interest.

Recent findings
Systemic treatment options continue to increase, with two recent studies (SOLO2 and ARIEL-3) of the use of PARP inhibitors in the maintenance setting; and approval of pembrolizomab for mismatch repair deficient/microsatellite unstable tumours. Several studies have addressed the resultant increased demand for testing for Lynch syndrome and BRCA1/2 mutations in endometrial and ovarian cancers, respectively. Finally, several studies have assessed gene and age-specific risks for ovarian cancer, and the role of specific site mutations within BRCA2 in determining duration of PARP response, and clinical outcome.

Summary
The use of genomic information to guide treatment choices, and inform outcome is an exciting and rapidly expanding field. These recent studies provide additional support to suggest that testing for inherited mutations should be a routine part of care for these gynaecological patients care.
Foreign body ingestion in pediatric patients
Authors: Gurevich Yoseph , Sahn Benjamin , Weinstein Toba 
Published: July 2018

Purpose of review
The purpose of this article is to review clinical manifestations and management of common pediatric foreign body ingestions, with a particular focus on some of the current trends.

Recent findings
Foreign body ingestion (FBI) is a problem that is frequently encountered by pediatric providers. As new toys and products enter the marketplace, there may also be new dangers from those objects not initially recognized. Some of the recent trends and findings in pediatric FBI include an increase in adolescent injury from ingestion of laundry detergent pods because of a popular game where participants are encouraged to bite or swallow the pods, and injuries associated with ingesting parts of a popular toy known as a ‘Fidget Spinner’.

Summary
Adverse events resulting from FBI range the entire gamut from nonexistent or minor symptoms to moderate injury and rarely may be fatal. Factors such as age, type of object ingested, anatomic location of the foreign body, and timing from ingestion to receipt of medical attention all determine the risk posed to the child and guide management decisions. Because of the constant development of products, and the potential for the emergence of new and dangerous trends among children, continued surveillance by the medical community is important in monitoring and managing injuries associated with FBI.
Rural Level III centers in an inclusive trauma system reduce the need for interfacility transfer
Authors: Galanis Daniel J. , Steinemann Susan , Rosen Linda , Bronstein Alvin C. , Biffl Walter L. 
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND
Development of Level III trauma centers in a regionalized system facilitates early stabilization and prompt transfer to a higher level center. The resources to care for patients at Level III centers could also reduce the burden of interfacility transfers. We hypothesized that the development and designation of Level III centers in an inclusive trauma system resulted in lower rates of transfer, with no increase in morbidity or mortality among the non-transferred patients.

METHODS
State trauma registry data from January 2009 through September 2015 were examined from five rural hospitals that transfer patients to our highest (Level II) trauma center and resource hospital. These five rural hospitals began receiving state support in 2010 to develop their trauma programs and were subsequently verified and designated Level III centers (three in 2011, two in 2013). Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the adjusted odds of patient transfers and adverse outcomes, while controlling for age, gender, penetrating mechanism, presence of a traumatic brain injury, arrival by ambulance, and category of Injury Severity Score. The study period was divided into “Before” Level III center designation (2009–2010) and “After” (2011–2015).

RESULTS
7,481 patient records were reviewed. There was a decrease in the proportion of patients who were transferred After (1,281/5,737) compared to Before (516/1,744) periods (22% vs. 30%, respectively). After controlling for the various covariates, the odds of patient transfer were reduced by 32% (p < 0.0001) during the After period. Among non-transferred patients, there were no significant increases in adjusted odds of mortality, or hospitalizations of seven days or more, Before versus After.

CONCLUSIONS
Development of rural Level III trauma centers in a regionalized system can significantly reduce the need for transfer to a remote, higher level trauma center. This may benefit the patient, family, and trauma system, with no adverse effect upon patient outcome.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Epidemiological, level III.
Neural correlates of effort-based valuation with prospective choices
Authors: Aridan Nadav , Malecek Nicholas J. , Poldrack Russell A. , Schonberg Tom 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHow is effort integrated in value-based decision-making? Animal models and human neuroimaging studies, primarily linked the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and ventral striatum (VS) to the integration of effort in valuation. Other studies demonstrated the role of these regions in invigoration to effort demands, thus it is hard to separate the neural activity linked to anticipation and subjective valuation from actual performance. Here, we studied the neural basis of effort valuation separated from performance. We scanned forty participants with fMRI and they were asked to accept or reject monetary gambles that could be resolved with future performance of a familiar grip force effort challenge or a fixed risk prospect. Participants’ willingness to accept prospective gambles reflected discounting of values by physical effort and risk. Choice-locked neural activation in contralateral primary sensory cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) tracked the magnitude of prospective effort the participants faced, independent of choice time and monetary stakes. Estimates of subjective value discounted by effort were found to be tracked by the activation of a network of regions common to valuation under risk and delay, including vmPFC, VS and sensorimotor cortex. Together, our findings show separate neural mechanisms underlying prospective effort and actual effort performance.
Promiscuous targeting of cellular proteins by Vpr drives massive proteomic remodelling in HIV-1 infection
Authors: Greenwood Edward JD , Williamson James C , Sienkiewicz Agata , Naamati Adi , Matheson Nicholas J , Lehner Paul J 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHIV-1 encodes four ‘accessory proteins’ (Vif, Vpr, Vpu and Nef), dispensable for viral replication in vitro, but essential for viral pathogenesis in vivo. Well characterised cellular targets have been associated with Vif, Vpu and Nef, which counteract host restriction and promote viral replication. Conversely, whilst several substrates of Vpr have been described, their biological significance remains unclear. Here, we use complementary, unbiased mass spectrometry-based approaches to demonstrate that Vpr is both necessary and sufficient for DCAF1/DDB1/CUL4 E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated degradation of at least 38 cellular proteins, causing systems-level changes to the cellular proteome. We therefore propose that promiscuous targeting of multiple host factors underpins complex Vpr-dependent cellular phenotypes, and validate this in the case of G2/M cell cycle arrest. Our model explains how Vpr modulates so many cell biological processes, and why the functional consequences of previously described Vpr targets, identified and studied in isolation, have proved elusive.
A neural basis of probabilistic computation in visual cortex
Authors: Walker Edgar Y. , James Cotton R. , Ma Wei Ji , Tolias Andreas S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBayesian models of behavior suggest that organisms represent uncertainty associated with sensory variables. However, the neural code of uncertainty remains elusive. A central hypothesis is that uncertainty is encoded in the population activity of cortical neurons in the form of likelihood functions. We studied the neural code of uncertainty by simultaneously recording population activity from the primate visual cortex during a visual categorization task in which trial-to-trial uncertainty about stimulus orientation was relevant for the decision. We decoded the likelihood function from the trial-to-trial population activity and found that it predicted decisions better than a point estimate of orientation. This remained true when we conditioned on the true orientation, suggesting that internal fluctuations in neural activity drive behaviorally meaningful variations in the likelihood function. Our results establish the role of population-encoded likelihood functions in mediating behavior, and provide a neural underpinning for Bayesian models of perception.
Drug susceptibility testing and mortality in patients treated for tuberculosis in high-burden countries
Authors: Zürcher Kathrin , Ballif Marie , Fenner Lukas , Borrell Sonia , Keller Peter M. , Gnokoro Joachim , Marcy Olivier , Yotebieng Marcel , Diero Lameck , Carter E. Jane , Rockwood Neesha , Wilkinson Robert J. , Cox Helen , Ezati Nicholas , Abimiku Alash’le G. , Collantes Jimena , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Kawkitinarong Kamon , Reinhard Miriam , Hömke Rico , Huebner Robin , Gagneux Sebastien , Böttger Erik C. , Egger Matthias ,   on behalf of the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA)
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundDrug resistance and HIV co-infection are challenges for the global control of tuberculosis.MethodsWe collected Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from adult patients in Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Peru, and Thailand, stratified by HIV status and tuberculosis drug resistance. Molecular or phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) was done locally and at the Swiss tuberculosis reference laboratory. We examined mortality during treatment according to DST results and treatment adequacy in logistic regression models adjusting for sex, age, sputum microscopy and HIV status.Findings634 tuberculosis patients were included; median age was 33.2 years, 239 (37.7%) were female, 272 (42.9%) HIV-positive and 69 (10.9%) patients died. Based on the reference laboratory DST, 394 (62.2%) strains were pan-susceptible, 45 (7.1%) mono-resistant, 163 (25.7%) multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB), and 30 (4.7%) had pre-extensive or extensive drug resistance (pre-XDR/XDR-TB). Results of reference and local laboratories were discordant in 121 (19.1%) cases, corresponding to a sensitivity of 84.3% and a specificity of 90.8%. In patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis, discordant results were associated with increased mortality (risk ratio 1.81; 95% CI 1.07-3.07). In logistic regression, compared to adequately treated patients with pan-susceptible strains, the adjusted odds ratio for death was 4.23 (95% CI 2.16-8.29) for adequately treated patients with drug-resistant strains and 21.54 (95% CI 3.36-138.1) for inadequately treated patients with drug-resistant strains. HIV status was not associated with mortality.InterpretationUsing a reference laboratory standard, inaccurate DST leading to inappropriate treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis, but not HIV infection, contributed to mortality.
High-throughput retrieval of physical DNA for NGS-identifiable clones in phage display library
Authors: Noh Jinsung , Kim Okju , Jung Yushin , Han Haejun , Kim Jung-Eun , Kim Soohyun , Lee Sanghyub , Park Jaeseong , Jung Rae Hyuck , Kim Sang il , Park Jaejun , Han Jerome , Lee Hyunho , Kyun Yoo Duck , Lee Amos C. , Kwon Euijin , Ryu Taehoon , Chung Junho , Kwon Sunghoon 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn antibody discovery, in-depth analysis of an antibody library and high-throughput retrieval of clones in the library are crucial to identifying and exploiting rare clones with different properties. However, existing methods have several technical limitations such as low process throughput from laborious cloning process and waste of the phenotypic screening capacity from unnecessary repetitive tests on the dominant clones. To overcome the limitations, we developed a new high-throughput platform for the identification and retrieval of clones in the library, TrueRepertoire™. TrueRepertoire™ provides highly accurate sequences of the clones with linkage information between heavy and light chains of the antibody fragment. Additionally, the physical DNA of clones can be retrieved in high throughput based on the sequence information. We validated the high accuracy of the sequences and demonstrated that there is no platform-specific bias. Moreover, the applicability of TrueRepertoire™ was demonstrated by a phage-displayed single-chain variable fragment (scFv) library targeting human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) protein.
Modeling Cellular Resource Allocation Reveals Low Phenotypic Plasticity of C4 Plants and Infers Environments of C4 Photosynthesis Evolution
Authors: Sundermann Esther M. , Lercher Martin J. , Heckmann David 
Published: July 2018

Summary-The regulation of resource allocation in biological systems observed today is the cumulative result of natural selection in ancestral and recent environments. To what extent are observed resource allocation patterns in different photosynthetic types optimally adapted to current conditions, and to what extend do they reflect ancestral environments? Here, we explore these questions for C3, C4, and C3-C4 intermediate plants of the model genus Flaveria.-We developed a detailed mathematical model of carbon fixation, which accounts for various environmental parameters and for energy and nitrogen partitioning across photosynthetic components. This allows us to assess environment-dependent plant physiology and performance as a function of resource allocation patterns.-To achieve maximal CO2 fixation rates under growth conditions differing from those experienced during their evolution, C4 species need to re-allocate significantly more nitrogen between photosynthetic components than their C3 relatives. As this is linked to a limited phenotypic plasticity, observed resource distributions in C4 plants still reflect optimality in ancestral environments, allowing their quantitative inference.-Our work allows us to quantify environmental effects on resource allocation and performance of photosynthetic organisms. This understanding paves the way for interpreting present photosynthetic physiology in the light of evolutionary history.