bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vico y Beckett: las poéticas del work in progress
Authors: Rubio Rafael 
Published: June 2019

En contra de las poéticas clásicas como la de Aristóteles y las del clasicismo francés del siglo XVII, Giambattista Vico propone un regreso a los orígenes de lo humano para explorar la naturaleza misma de la poesía comprendida como poeisis, como creación. Poeta significa creador. Los primeros habitantes de la tierra, luego del diluvio universal, fueron gigantes llamados por Vico i bestioni, seres feroces y salvajes, vagabundos errantes que intentaban dar cuenta de su mundo con la suma pobreza de su lengua. El napolitano encuentra en estos seres, un terreno fértil para dar cuenta de la creación sin recurrir a los cánones de las poéticas prescriptivas. Por supuesto, fue un incomprendido en su propia época, pero no lo sería dos siglos más tarde, cuando artistas como Joyce y Beckett asumen su propuesta de pensar a la creación por fuera de los cánones y materializan su pensamiento. De hecho, el primer ensayo y el primer poema escritos por Beckett, tienen que ver con su lectura del napolitano. A lo largo del artículo, se mostrará, entonces, cómo la propuesta de Vico arrojó luces para abrir el espectro de la creación en el siglo XX, que inspiró las apuestas de Beckett en el terreno de las artes, bajo el lema que acompañó a los artistas de esta época: creación como work in progress.
Construir la experiencia de la sed (aproximaciones pedagógicas y políticas a la escritura creativa)
Authors: Álvarez Juan , Cárdenas Juan 
Published: June 2019

Pensar quizá sea mudarse de metáforas.
Pensar con vocación creativa quizá sea escudriñar allí donde la sistematicidad de los conceptos metafóricos actúa para ocultar.
Authors: Khulsum Hanifah , Widiyanto Agnes Fitria , Suratman Suratman 
Published: June 2019

Background : Consumed water must be free from hazardous and toxic chemicals. The preliminary test showed that Fe of well water was 5.25 mg/l. Fe-contained well water must be processed zeolite and activated charcoal to decrease Fe in water. The purpose of this research was to find out the effectiveness of the size variation of zeolite and activated charcoal to decrease Fe of the well water in Desa Kebasen..
Method : The type of this research was quasi experiment, pretest posttest control group designwith a completely randomized design (CRD). Samples was 56 samples of well water contained Fe > 1 mg/l which chosen by random sampling method. The intervention in this research used 80, 100, and 120 mesh of zeolite and activated charcoal with 4 times repetitions for each treatment. The data analysis used normality test with Shapiro Wilk, Krusskal Wallis test, and Mann Whitney test
Result : There was an average difference of Fe content before and after treatment used 80, 100, and 120 mesh of activated charcoal. There was an average difference of Fe content before and after treatment used 80, 100, and 120 mesh of zeolite.
Conclusions : The 100 mesh zeolite was most effective at lowered Fe of well water in Desa Kebasen by 93.86%.
Engaging Foreign Law: Not So Liberally
Authors: Legrand Pierre 
Published: June 2019

Taking its cue from a remarkable institutional initiative owing to the Georgetown University Law Center, this essay contests some of the key assumptions that have informed liberalism’s cosmopolitan turn. In particular, the argument addresses the way in which liberal legal thought has handled a doctrine widely known as “the rule of law”. The text challenges the universalizing drive having informed the dissemination of “the rule of law” and the attendant marginalization of culture in the form of the decredibilization of local knowledge. The paper suggests that “comparative law” can offer a valuable opportunity for the liberal self to revisit its uniformizing ideological commitments — although not “comparative law” of the mainstream brand.
Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of Canadian medical students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Khan Rishad , Apramian Tavis , Kang Joel Hosung , Gustafson Jeffrey , Sibbald Shannon 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: While the importance of medical students’ demographic characteristics in influencing the scope and location of their future practice is recognized, these data are not systematically collected in Canada. This study aimed to characterize and compare the demographics of Canadian medical students with the Canadian population.

Methods: Through an online survey, delivered in 2018, medical students at fourteen English-speaking Canadian medical schools provided their age, sex, gender identity, ethnicity, educational background, and rurality of the area they grew up in. Respondents also provided information on parental income, occupation, and education as markers of socioeconomic status. Data were compared to the 2016 Canadian Census.

Results: A total of 1388 students responded to the survey, representing a response rate of 16.6%. Most respondents identified as women (63.1%) and were born after 1989 (82.1%). Respondents were less likely, compared to the Canadian Census population, to identify as black (1.7% vs 6.4%) (P<0.001) or Aboriginal (3.5% vs. 7.4%) (P<0.001), and have grown up in a rural area (6.4% vs. 18.7%) (P<0.001). Respondents had higher socioeconomic status, indicated by parental education (29.0% of respondents’ parents had a master’s or doctoral degree, compared to 6.6% of Canadians aged 45-64), occupation (59.7% of respondents’ parents were high-level managers or professionals, compared to 19.2% of Canadians aged 45-64), and income (62.9% of respondents grew up in households with income >$100,000/year, compared to 32.4% of Canadians). Assessment of non-response bias showed that our sample was representative of all students at English-speaking Canadian medical schools with respect to age, though a higher proportion of respondents were female. Additionally, there were no differences between early and late respondents with respect to ethnicity, rurality, and parental income, occupation, and education.

Conclusions: Canadian medical students have different socioeconomic characteristics compared to the Canadian population. Collecting and analyzing these characteristics can inform evidence-based admissions policies.
Assessing the training needs of medical students in patient information gathering; a qualitative study
Authors: Gilligan Conor , Brubacher Sonja , Powell Martine 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background
Effective communication is at the heart of good medical practice but rates of error, patient complaints, and poor clinician job satisfaction are suggestive of room for improvement in this component of medical practice and education.
Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews with experienced clinicians (n = 19) and medical students (n = 20) to explore their experiences associated with teaching and learning clinical communication skills and identify targets for improvements to addressing these skills in medical curricula.
Results
Interviews were thematically analysed and four key themes emerged; the importance of experience, the value of role-models, the structure of a consultation, and confidence.
Conclusions
The findings reinforce the need for improvement in teaching and learning communication skills in medicine, with particular opportunity to target approaches to teaching foundational skills which can establish a strong grounding before moving into more complex situations, thus preparing students for the flexibility required in medical interviewing. A second area of opportunity and need is in the engagement and training of clinicians as mentors and teachers, with the findings from both groups indicating that preparation for teaching and feedback is lacking. Medical programs can improve their teaching of communication skills and could learn from other fields s to identify applicable innovative approaches.
Genome Wide Search to Identify Reference Genes candidates for Gene Expression Analysis in Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: K Smitha P , K Vishnupriyan , Kar Ananya S. , M Anil Kumar , Bathula Christopher , N Chandrashekara K , Das Manjula , Dhar Sujan K 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: With the advent of newer breeds and transgenic varieties of commercial crops, qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) experiments have become extremely popular for quick expression checks. Selection of appropriate reference genes plays a critical role in quantifying the expression of target gene. Most commonly used reference genes in expression studies are the “house-keeping genes”, involved in basic cellular processes. However, expression levels of such genes often vary in response to experimental conditions, forcing the researchers to validate the reference genes in every experiment. This study presents a data science driven unbiased genome-wide search results for selection of reference genes by assessing variation of >50,000 genes in a publicly available RNA-seq dataset of cotton species Gossypium hirsutum. Selected candidate genes were validated experimentally across 33 samples from normal and transgenic G. hirsutum plants, harvested from different areas of the plant at different time points under various developmental conditions. Experimental validation also includes commonly used genes from literature to suggest the most stable set of 5 genes to be used for assessment of quantitative expression in cotton plants (Fig.1). Result: Five genes (TMN5, TBL6, UTR5B, AT1g65240, CYP76B6) identified by data-driven analysis, along with two commonly used reference genes for cotton found in literature (GhPP2A1 and GhuBQ14) were validated using qPCR in a set of 33 experimental samples consisting of different tissues (leaves, square, stem and root), different stages of leaf (young and mature) and square development (small, medium and large) in both transgenic and non-transgenic plants. Expression stability of the genes was evaulated using four different algorithms - DeltaCT, Genorm, BestKeeper and Normfinder. GhPP2A1 and TMN5 were identified as the most stable genes, followed by GhuBQ14 across all the samples tested. Conclusion: This study, for the first time successfully displays a data science driven genome-wide search method followed by experimental validation as a method of choice for selection of stable reference genes for experiment with cotton species. Based on the results we recommend use of GhPP2A1, TMN5 and GhuBQ14 as the optimal candidate reference genes in qPCR experiments with normal or transgenic cotton plant tissues.
Qualitative research to inform hypothesis testing for fidelity-based sub-group analysis in clinical trials: Lessons learnt from the process evaluation of a multifaceted podiatry intervention for falls prevention
Authors: Scantlebury Arabella , Cockayne Sarah , Fairhurst Caroline , Rodgers Sara , Torgerson David , Hewitt Catherine , Adamson Joy 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Ensuring fidelity to complex interventions is a challenge when conducting pragmatic randomised controlled trials. We explore fidelity through a qualitative process evaluation, which was conducted alongside a pragmatic, multi-centred, two-arm cohort randomised controlled trial – the REFORM (Reducing Falls with Orthoses and a Multifaceted podiatry intervention) trial. The paper aims, through a qualitative process evaluation, to explore some of the factors that may have affected the delivery of the REFORM intervention and highlight how project specific fidelity can be assessed using a truly mixed methods approach when informed by qualitative insights.

Design

Semi-structured qualitative interviews carried out as part of a process evaluation. Interviews were analysed thematically.

Setting

7 NHS trusts in the UK and a University podiatry school in Ireland. Interviews were undertaken face-to-face or over the telephone.

Participants

21 REFORM trial participants and 14 podiatrists who delivered the REFORM intervention

Results

Factors affecting fidelity included: how similar the intervention was to routine practice, challenges of delivering a multifaceted intervention to a heterogeneous older population, and practical issues with delivery such as time and training. Trial participants’ views of the intervention, whether falls prevention is a personal priority, their experience of being part of a trial, and individual factors such as medical conditions also may have affected intervention fidelity.

Conclusions

Our process evaluation highlighted factors that were perceived to have affected the fidelity of the REFORM intervention and in doing so demonstrates the importance of considering fidelity when designing and evaluating pragmatic trials. We propose a number of recommendations of how important project specific insights from qualitative work can be incorporated into the design of fidelity measurement of future trials, which build on existing conceptual fidelity frameworks. In particular, we encourage adopting a mixed methods approach whereby qualitative insights can be used to suggest ways to enhance quantitative data collection facilitating integration through hypothesis generation, hypothesis testing and seeking explanation for trial findings. This will provide a framework of enabling measures of fidelity to be incorporated into the understanding of trial results which has been relatively neglected by existing literature.
Trial registration: ISRCTN68240461.
Chicken adaptive response to low energy diet: main role of the hypothalamic lipid metabolism revealed by a phenotypic and multi-tissue transcriptomic approach
Authors: Jehl Frédéric , Désert Colette , Klopp Christophe , Brenet Marine , Rau Andrea , Leroux Sophie , Boutin Morgane , Muret Kévin , Blum Yuna , Esqu Diane , Gourichon David , Burlot Thierry , Collin Anne , Pitel Frédérique , Benani Alexandre , Zerjal Tatiana , Lagarrigue Sandrine 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background
Production conditions of layer chicken can vary in terms of temperature or diet energy content compared to the controlled environment where pure-bred selection was undertaken. The aim of this study was to better understand the effect of a 15%-energy depleted diet on egg-production, energy homeostasis and metabolism via a multi-tissue transcriptomic analysis. Study was designed to compare effects of the nutritional intervention in two layer chicken lines divergently selected for residual feed intake.
Results
Chicken significantly increased their feed intake and decreased their abdominal adipose tissue weight in response to the low-energy diet, whereas their egg-production was unchanged. For each production trait, no significant interaction was observed between diet and line. Moreover, the low energy diet had no effect on adipose tissue and liver transcriptomes. By contrast, the nutritional challenge affected the blood transcriptome and, more severely, the hypothalamus transcriptome which displayed 2700 differentially expressed genes. In this tissue, the low-energy diet lead to an over-expression of genes related to endocannabinoid signaling (CN1R, NAPE-PLD) known to regulate feed intake, and to genes related to polyunsaturated fatty acids synthesis (FADS1, ELOVL5 and FADS2) such as the arachidonic acid which is a precursor of anandamide, a key endocannabinoid. A possible regulatory role of NR1H3 (alias LXRα) has been associated to these transcriptional changes. The low-energy diet further affected brain plasticity-related genes involved in the cholesterol synthesis and in the synaptic activity, revealing a link between nutrition and brain plasticity. It also upregulated genes related to protein synthesis, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation in the hypothalamus, suggesting reorganization in nutrient utilization and biological synthesis in this brain area.
Conclusions
We observed a complex transcriptome modulation in the hypothalamus of chicken in response to low-energy diet suggesting numerous changes in synaptic plasticity, endocannabinoid regulation, neurotransmission, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial activity and protein synthesis. This global transcriptomic reprogramming could explain the adaptive behavioral response (i.e. increase of feed intake) of the animals to the low-energy content of the diet.
Effects of Dexamethasone on Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction and Delirium in Adults Following General Anaesthesia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Li Li-Qin , Wang Cong , Fang Mei-Dan , Xu Hong-Yu , Lu Hong-Liu , Zhang Hou-Zhong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background Several studies have investigated the effects of dexamethasone on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) or postoperative delirium (POD); however, their conclusions have not been consistent. So we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effects of dexamethasone on POCD/POD in adults following general anesthesia. Methods Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, 2018, Issue 11 of 12) in the Cochrane Library (searched November 17, 2018); MEDLINE OvidSP (1946 to November 16, 2018); and Embase OvidSP (1974 to November 16, 2018) were searched for randomized controlled trials that evaluated the incidence of POCD/POD following dexamethasone administration, in adults (age ≥18 years) under general anesthesia. We used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) framework to assess the quality of evidence. Results Five studies were included (three studies/855 participants in dexamethasone group and 538 participants in placebo group for the incidence of POCD, and two studies/410 participants in dexamethasone group and 420 participants in placebo group for the incidence of POD). There was no significant difference between the dexamethasone group and the placebo group in terms of the incidence of POCD in 30 days after surgery (RR 1.00; 95% CI [0.51, 1.96], P = 1.00, I2 = 77%) or in the incidence of POD (RR 0.96; 95% CI [0.68, 1.35], P = 0.80, I2 = 0%). However, both analyses had some limitations since evidence remains limited and clinical heterogeneity, and we considered the quality of the evidence for the postoperative incidence of POCD and POD to be very low. Conclusions This meta-analysis revealed that prophylactic dexamethasone did not reduce the incidence of POCD and POD. Trials of alternative prevent strategies for POCD/POD, and a better understanding of the pathophysiology of those complex syndrome, are still needed to make progress of this field. Trial registration number: This study is registered with PROSPERO, 23 October 2018, number CRD42018114552.
Propofol attenuated the effect of TNF-α on occludin expression by inhibiting HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR-2/ERK signaling pathway in hCMEC/D3 cells
Authors: Zhang Yue , Ding Xiaowei , Miao Changhong , Chen Jiawei 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Purpose: The levels of tight junction proteins (TJs), especially occludin, correlate with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption caused by inflammation in central nervous system (CNS). It has been reported that propofol, the most commonly used anesthetic, could inhibit inflammation response in CNS. In this study, we investigated the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and propofol on occludin expression in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line, D3 clone (hCMEC/D3 cells), and explored the underlying mechanisms.
Methods: The hCMEC/D3 cells were treated with propofol, followed by TNF-α. The expression and phosphorylation of Hif-1α, VEGF, VEGFR-2, ERK, p38MAPK and occludin were measured by Western blot analysis. The cell viability of hCMEC/D3 cells was measured by cell counting kit-8.
Results: TNF-α (10 ng/ml, 4 h) significantly decreased the expression of occludin, which was attenuated by propofol (25 μM). TNF-α induced Hif-1α/VEGF/VEGFR-2/ERK signaling pathway, while propofol could inhibit it. TNF-α induced the phosphorylation of p38MAPK, while propofol had no effect on it. In addition, the inhibitors of Hif-1α, VEGF, VEGFR-2, and ERK could reduce the effect of TNF-α on occludin expression.
Conclusion: TNF-α could decrease the expression of occludin via activating Hif-1α/VEGF/VEGFR-2/ERK signaling pathway, which was attenuated by propofol.
Multiplex qPCR Facilitates Identification of Betaherpesviruses in Patients With Acute Liver Failure of Unknown Etiology
Authors: Raposo Jéssica Vasques , Alves Arthur Daniel Rocha , Silva Alexandre Dos Santos Da , Santos Damião Carlos Dos , Melgaço Juliana Gil , Moreira Otacilio Cruz , Pinto Marcelo Alves , de Paula Vanessa 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: The etiology of acute liver failure (ALF) is often unknown and reported to be associated with herpesviruses in a number of cases. In this study, we examined for betaherpesviruses infections in patients with ALF of unknown etiology using a multiplex qPCR to Betaherpesviruses subfamily.
Methods: Liver and serum samples from 27 patients with ALF of unknown etiology were analyzed with the aid of multiplex qPCR to identify betaherpesviruses. All positive samples were sequenced to confirm herpes infection and liver enzyme levels evaluated.
Results: Betaherpesviruses infection was effectively detected using multiplex qPCR. Seven (26%), two (7%) and three (11%) cases were positive for HHV-6, HHV-7 and HCMV, respectively. Two cases of dual infection (HHV-7/HHV-6 and HHV-7/HCMV) were additionally identified. Interestingly, HHV-7 was only detected in the presence of other betaherpesviruses. Sequencing information confirmed betaherpesviruses infection. High hepatic enzyme levels and INR values>1.4 were determined in all betaherpesvirus-positive patients.
Conclusions: Multiplex qPCR facilitated efficient quantification, indicating that differentiation between betaherpesviruses is possible with the sole use of real-time PCR. Liver and serum samples were positive for some betaherpesviruses, suggesting an association with ALF. Coinfection of HHV-7 with HHV-6 or HCMV was additionally detected, suggesting that the precursor betaherpesviruses infection can trigger HHV-7 infection. Based on these results, we propose that ALF patients should be screened for the presence of betaherpesviruses.