bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term morbidity of respiratory viral infections during chemotherapy in children with leukaemia
Authors: Lin Beryl , Kennedy Brendan , McBride Jamie , Dalla‐Pozza Luciano , Trahair Toby , McCowage Geoffrey , Coward Emma , Plush Leanne , Robinson Paul D. , Hardaker Kate , Widger John , Ng Anthea , Jaffe Adam , Selvadurai Hiran 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory viruses are a common cause of infection in immunosuppressed children undergoing cancer therapy. Pulmonary sequelae have been documented following respiratory viral infections (RVIs) in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients; however potential late effects in children undergoing nonmyeloablative chemotherapy have not been investigated.AimTo evaluate the long‐term pulmonary morbidity of respiratory viral infections during chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).MethodsChildhood ALL survivors, aged 7 to 18 years, greater than 6 months posttreatment were recruited. Exclusion criteria included HSCT or proven bacterial/fungal respiratory infection during treatment. Subjects were classified into “viral” or “control” groups according to retrospective medical records that documented the presence of laboratory‐proven RVIs during chemotherapy. Symptom questionnaires (Liverpool, ISAAC) and lung function testing (spirometry, plethysmography, diffusing capacity, forced oscillation technique to ATS/ERS standards) were then performed cross‐sectionally at the time of recruitment.ResultsFifty‐four patients (31 viral, 23 control) were recruited: median (range) age 11.2 (7.2‐18.1) years, and at 4.9 (0.5‐13) years posttherapy. Abnormalities were detected in 17 (31%) individuals (8 viral, 9 control), with the most common being DLCO impairment (3 viral, 4 control) and reduced respiratory reactance at 5 Hz (5 viral, 6 control). Children with RVIs during chemotherapy reported more current respiratory symptoms, particularly wheeze (odds ratio [OR], 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9‐10.0; P = .09) and cough (OR, 2.7; 95% CI: 0.8‐9.5; P = .11). No differences in lung function tests were observed between the two groups.ConclusionsOur study found children with RVIs during chemotherapy developed more long‐term respiratory symptoms than controls; however, differences did not reach statistical significance. No differences in static lung function were found between the two groups. Overall, pulmonary abnormalities and/or significant ongoing respiratory symptoms were detected in nearly a third of ALL survivors treated without HSCT. Larger, prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the etiology and clinical significance of these findings.
SimpleDSFviewer: A tool to analyze and view differential scanning fluorimetry data for characterizing protein thermal stability and interactions
Authors: Sun Changye , Li Yong , Yates Edwin A. , Fernig David G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDifferential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) is a widely used thermal shift assay for measuring protein stability and protein–ligand interactions that are simple, cheap, and amenable to high throughput. However, data analysis remains a challenge, requiring improved methods. Here, the program SimpleDSFviewer, a user‐friendly interface, is described to help the researchers who apply DSF technique in their studies. SimpleDSFviewer integrates melting curve (MC) normalization, smoothing, and melting temperature (Tm) analysis and directly previews analyzed data, providing an efficient analysis tool for DSF. SimpleDSFviewer is developed in Matlab, and it is freely available for all users to use in Matlab workspace or with Matlab Runtime. It is easy to use and an efficient tool for researchers to preview and analyze their data in a very short time.
Disruption of an adenylate‐forming reductase required for conidiation, increases virulence of the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium acridum by enhancing cuticle invasion
Authors: Guo Haoyu , Wang Hongjuan , Keyhani Nemat O , Xia Yuxian , Peng Guoxiong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMetarhizium acridum, is a specific acridid pathogen developed for use against the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis). Adenylate‐forming reductases (AFRs) include enzymes that are involved in natural product biosynthesis. Here, we genetically characterize the functions of a class IV AFR in M. acridum (MaAfrIV) on fungal development and virulence.RESULTSGene expression analyses indicated MaAfrIV was induced on locust wings early during the infection process. Surprisingly, loss of MaAfrIV increased virulence (25.20% decrease in the median lethal time) against the locust in topical bioassays but was no different than the wild type when the cuticle was bypassed by direct infection of conidia into the insect hemocoel. Virulence markers including protease (Pr1) expression and appressorial turgor pressure were higher in the mutant than the parent strain. No difference was seen in the expression of host immune genes (Toll pathway) or in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in locusts infected by the ΔMaAfrIV or wild type strains. However, the ΔMaAfrIV strain was unable to successfully sporulate on dead cadavers.CONCLUSIONDisruption of MaAfrIV increased fungal virulence by promoting insect cuticle invasion without altering host immune response or fungal immune evasion. Although loss of MaAfrIV conferred an apparent benefit to the fungus in terms of enhanced virulence, a significant trade‐off was seen in the inability of the fungus to sporulate on the cadaver. As conidiation on the cadaver is essential for subsequent propagation in the environment, loss of MaAfrIV can reduce the engineering strains survivability in the field and improve the safety. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Implication of human drug transporters to toxicokinetics and toxicity of pesticides
Authors: Guéniche Nelly , Bruyere Arnaud , Le Vée Marc , Fardel Olivier 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHuman membrane drug transporters are recognized as major actors of pharmacokinetics. Pesticides also interact with human drug transporters, which may have consequences for pesticide toxicokinetics and toxicity. The present review summarizes key findings about this topic.In vitroassays have demonstrated that some pesticides, belonging to various chemical classes, modulate drug transporter activity, regulate transporter expression and/or are substrates, thus bringing the proof of concept for pesticide‐transporter relationships. The expected low human concentration of pesticides in response to environmental exposure constitutes a key‐parameter to be kept in mind for judging thein vivorelevance of such pesticide‐transporter interactions and their consequences for human health. Existing data about interactions of pesticides with drug transporters remain, however, rather sparse; more extensive and systematic characterization of pesticide‐transporter relationships, through the use of high throughputin vitroassays and/orin silicomethods, is, therefore, required. In addition, consideration of transporter polymorphisms, pesticide mixture effects and physiological and pathological factors governing drug transporter expression may help to better define thein vivorelevance of pesticide‐transporter interactions in terms of toxicokinetics and toxicity for humans. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Fungal volatile organic compounds show promise as potent molluscicides
Authors: Khoja Salim , Eltayef Khalifa M , Baxter Ian , Bull James C , Loveridge Edric Joel , Butt Tariq 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSlugs and snails constitute major crop pests. Withdrawal of metaldehyde has prompted a search for more environmentally friendly yet fast acting molluscicides. This study investigated the response of representative molluscs to conidia and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum Petch.RESULTSConidia of M. brunneum had antifeedant/repellent properties with repellency being dependent upon the fungal strain and conidia concentration. Three commonly produced fungal VOCs, 1‐octene, 3‐octanone and 1‐octen‐3‐ol, were repellent at low doses (1–5 μL) but could kill slugs and snails on contact or fumigation. At the highest dose tested (10 μL), 100% mortality was achieved for Cornu aspersum Muller (garden snail) and Derocerus reticulatum Muller (grey field slug) within 1 h post‐treatment with the first deaths being recorded in <11 min. Aqueous formulations (20% v/v) of the most potent VOCs, 3‐octanone and 1‐octen‐3‐ol, could be sprayed onto plants to kill or drive the pest of the crop with no phytotoxic effects.CONCLUSIONThe sensitivity of terrestrial molluscs to 3‐octanone and 1‐octen‐3‐ol and the ephemeral nature of these compounds makes these excellent candidates for development as mollusc repellents or molluscicides. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Extreme precipitation events over northern Italy. Part I: A systematic classification with machine‐learning techniques
Authors: Grazzini Federico , Craig George C. , Keil Christian , Antolini Gabriele , Pavan Valentina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExtreme precipitation events (EPEs) are meteorological phenomena of major concern for society. They can have different characteristics depending on the physical mechanisms responsible for their generation, which in turn depend on the large and mesoscale conditions. This work provides a systematic classification of EPEs over northern–central Italy, one of the regions in Europe with the highest frequency of these events. The EPE statistics have been deduced using the new high‐resolution precipitation dataset ArCIS (Climatological Archive for Central–Northern Italy), that gathers together a very high number of daily, quality‐controlled and homogenized observations from different networks of 11 Italian regions. Gridded precipitation is aggregated over Italian operational warning‐area units (WA). EPEs are defined as events in which daily average precipitation in at least one of the 94 WAs exceeds the 99th percentile with respect to the climate reference 1979–2015. A list of 887 events is compiled, significantly enlarging the database compared to any previous study of EPEs. EPEs are separated into three different dynamical classes: Cat1, events mainly attributable to frontal/orographic uplift; Cat2, events due to frontal uplift with (equilibrium) deep convection embedded; Cat3, events mainly generated by non‐equilibrium deep convection. A preliminary version of this classification is based on fixed thresholds of environmental parameters, but the final version is obtained using a more robust machine‐learning unsupervised K‐means clustering and random forest algorithm. All events are characterized by anomalously high integrated water vapour transport (IVT). This confirms IVT as an important large‐scale predictor, especially for Cat2 events, which is shown to be the most important category in terms of impacts and EPE area extension. Large IVT values are caused by upper‐level waves associated with remotely triggered Rossby wave packets, as shown for two example Cat2 events.
An overview of non‐native species invasions in urban river corridors
Authors: Francis Robert A. , Chadwick Michael A. , Turbelin Anna J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent studies have highlighted cities as prime locations for the introduction, establishment, and spread of non‐native and invasive species. As the hydrological arteries of cities, urban river corridors have an important role to play in influencing species invasions. This overview examines existing literature to consider (a) how the landscape functions of urban river corridors (habitat, conduit, barrier/filter, sink, and source) relate to species invasions; (b) the organismal and geographical foci of research into non‐native species invasions along urban rivers; and (c) the need to more fully consider the roles that non‐native species may play in the recombinant communities of novel urban river ecosystems. The review ends with an identification of research priorities at the intersection of urban river corridor function and invasion biology.
Unexpected Bisboronic Dicationic Acid Obtained from One‐Pot Condensation Reaction of 3‐Aminophenylboronic Acid and 2,6‐Pyridincarboxyaldehyde
Authors: González‐Hernández Arturo , Rivera‐Segura Jacobo , Lacroix Pascal G. , Barba Victor 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA one‐pot double condensation reaction between 3‐aminophenylboronic acid monohydrate and 2,6‐pyridincarboxyaldehyde forms the very interesting building block bisboronic dicationic acid (1), the reaction was carried out in methanol with the presence of sulfuric acid as catalyst. The product contains a central core consisting of five delocalized fused heterocycles being a dicationic moiety and including methylsulfate (CH3OSO3−) as anion (1a). Treatment with CaCl2 under heating produces the anion interchange leading the chloride as anion (1b). Both salts were crystallized by slow solvent evaporation and the X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals the presence of O−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds favoring the 2D supramolecular arrangements. Three different motives were formed for 1a with the participation of water molecules, the methylsulfate anion and the boronic acid groups; by the way for 1b, the chloride anion interacts with a BOH group as well as a methanol molecule trough hydrogen bonds, additionally an electrostatic interactions were found with the cationic five membered rings. The possibility for syn‐anti isomerization at room temperature is confirmed by computations with a weak energy barrier of 17.7 kcal mol−1.
Polycyclic Benzimidazole: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Manna Susanta Kumar , Das Tapas , Samanta Shubhankar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBenzimidazole has tremendous application in medicinal chemistry and material science. The fusion of ring/substitution to benzimidazole nucleus produce polycyclic benzimidazole e. g., pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole, benzimidazo[1,2‐a]quinoline, pyrrolo[1,2‐c]benzimidazolequinones (PBIs) and benzimidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines and these are the important synthetic strategies in drug discovery. Benzimidazole analogues have versatile therapeutic properties which encouraged the researchers to develop new therapeutic agents. Hence, the synthetic literature survey towards the polycyclic benzimidazole is paramount important. Due to the beautiful fluorescent properties of fused benzimidazole moiety, they are also used in optoelectronics, optical lasers, and organic luminophores. In addition, this scaffold has broad applications in organometallic catalysis, co‐ordination chemistry, and asymmetric catalysis. Herein, we report a vast synthetic route of benzimidazole embedded polyhetrocycles in the last eight years and their photophysical application in the modern research field.
Construction of ZnIn2S4‐RGO‐BiVO4 Z‐Scheme System: Influence of the RGO loading and Co–Catalysts Types
Authors: Fan Yingying , Yang Ruijie , Zhong Jian , Zhu Rongshu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the all‐solid‐state Z‐scheme photocatalytic system with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as the electronic transmission medium, an appropriate content of RGO is of great significance for the enhancement of its photocatalytic performance. In recent years, little work has been done to simultaneously study the influence of reductive co‐catalysts types and oxidative co‐catalysts types on the photocatalytic activity of Z‐Scheme system. In this work, a series of ZnIn2S4‐RGO‐BiVO4 Z scheme system photocatalysts were synthesized, using Pt, Pd, Au, Ag as the reductive co‐catalysts and NiO, RuO2, MnO2, IrO2, CuO, CoO as the oxidative co‐catalysts, respectively, in addition controlling the content of RGO was 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.5%, 5.0%, respectively. Then, the photocatalytic activities of the Z scheme system photocatalysts in H2 evolution were tested and the as‐prepared samples were subsequently characterized by various analytical techniques. On this basis, the influence mechanisms of RGO and co‐catalysts on the activity of Z scheme system for hydrogen production were explained.
Composite‐Scattering Plasmonic Nanoprobes for Label‐Free, Quantitative Biomolecular Sensing
Authors: Zhang Chi , Paria Debadrita , Semancik Steve , Barman Ishan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBiosensing based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) relies on concentrating light to a nanometeric spot and leads to a highly enhanced electromagnetic field near the metal nanostructure. Here, a design of plasmonic nanostructures based on rationally structured metal–dielectric combinations is presented, called composite scattering probes (CSPs), to generate an integrated multimodal biosensing platform featuring LSPR and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Specifically, CSP configurations are proposed, which have several prominent resonance peaks enabling higher tunability and sensitivity for self‐referenced multiplexed analyte sensing. Using electron‐beam evaporation and thermal dewetting, large‐area, uniform, and tunable CSPs are fabricated, which are suitable for label‐free LSPR and SERS measurements. The CSP prototypes are used to demonstrate refractive index sensing and molecular analysis using albumin as a model analyte. By using partial least squares on recorded absorption profiles, differentiation of subtle changes in refractive index (as low as 0.001) in the CSP milieu is demonstrated. Additionally, CSPs facilitate complementary untargeted plasmon‐enhanced Raman measurements from the sample's compositional contributors. With further refinement, it is envisioned that the method may lead to a sensitive, versatile, and tunable platform for quantitative concentration determination and molecular fingerprinting, particularly where limited a priori information of the sample is available.
CloudsStorm: A framework for seamlessly programming and controlling virtual infrastructure functions during the DevOps lifecycle of cloud applications
Authors: Zhou Huan , Hu Yang , Ouyang Xue , Su Jinshu , Koulouzis Spiros , de Laat Cees , Zhao Zhiming 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe infrastructure‐as‐a‐service (IaaS) model of cloud computing provides virtual infrastructure functions (VIFs), which allow application developers to flexibly provision suitable virtual machines' (VM) types and locations, and even configure the network connection for each VM. Because of the pay‐as‐you‐go business model, IaaS provides an elastic way to operate applications on demand. However, in current cloud applications DevOps (software development and operations) lifecycle, the VM provisioning steps mainly rely on manually leveraging these VIFs. Moreover, these functions cannot be programmatically embedded into the application logic to control the infrastructure at runtime. Especially, the vendor lock‐in issue, which different clouds provide different VIFs, also enlarges this gap between the cloud infrastructure management and application operation. To mitigate this gap, we designed and implemented a framework, CloudsStorm, which enables developers to easily leverage VIFs of different clouds and program them into their cloud applications. To be specific, CloudsStorm empowers applications with infrastructure programmability at design‐level, infrastructure‐level, and application‐level. CloudsStorm also provides two infrastructure controlling modes, ie, active and passive mode, for applications at runtime. Besides, case studies about operating task‐based and big data applications on clouds show that the monetary cost is significantly reduced through the seamless and on‐demand infrastructure management provided by CloudsStorm. Finally, the scaling and recovery operation evaluations of CloudsStorm are performed to show its controlling performance. Compared with other tools, ie, “jcloud” and “cloudinit.d”, the scaling and provisioning performance evaluations demonstrate that CloudsStorm can achieve at least 10% efficiency improvement in our experiment settings.
Prediction of wind turbine generator failure using two‐stage cluster‐classification methodology
Authors: Turnbull Alan , Carroll James , McDonald Alasdair , Koukoura Sofia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReducing wind turbine downtime through innovations surrounding asset management has the potential to greatly influence the levelised cost of energy (LCoE) for large wind farm developments. Focusing on generator bearing failure and vibration data, this paper presents a two‐stage methodology to predict failure within 1 to 2 months of occurrence. Results are obtained by building up a database of failures and training machine learning algorithms to classify the bearing as healthy or unhealthy. This is achieved by first using clustering techniques to produce subpopulations of data based on operating conditions, which this paper demonstrates can greatly influence the ability to diagnose a fault. Secondly, this work classifies individual clusters as healthy or unhealthy from vibration‐based condition monitoring systems by applying order analysis techniques to extract features. Using the methodology explained in the report, an accuracy of up to 81.6% correct failure prediction was achieved.
Metal‐based phosphorus dendrimers as novel nanotherapeutic strategies to tackle cancers: A concise overview
Authors: Chen Liang , Mignani Serge , Caminade Anne‐Marie , Majoral Jean‐Pierre 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSeveral metal‐based phosphorus dendrimers were prepared. The first series developed by us was the Cu(II) series. In this series, the most potent is the third generation‐Cu(II) showing original mechanism of action with activation of the pro‐apoptotic Bax protein. To our knowledge, it is the first example of nanoparticles displaying Bax protein activation and then cell death through apoptosis process. Interestingly, this dendritic‐Cu(II) complex showed synergistic effect with doxorubicin. Based on these interesting anti‐proliferative activities, we developed Au(III)‐conjugated phosphorus dendrimers. The most potent is the third generation‐Au(III) dendrimer which represents also a new and promising first‐in‐class anti‐proliferative agent against both solid and liquid tumor cell lines. Then, in order to analyze the influence of the metal moiety distribution of Cu(II) and Au(III) on the surface of dendrimers, mix Cu(II)–Au(III)‐conjugated phosphorus dendrimers were also prepared and tested as anti‐proliferative agents.This article is categorized under:Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic DiseaseNanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Chemo‐enzymatic treatment of RNA to facilitate analyses
Authors: Muthmann Nils , Hartstock Katja , Rentmeister Andrea 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLabeling RNA is a recurring problem to make RNA compatible with state‐of‐the‐art methodology and comes in many flavors. Considering only cellular applications, the spectrum still ranges from site‐specific labeling of individual transcripts, for example, for live‐cell imaging of mRNA trafficking, to metabolic labeling in combination with next generation sequencing to capture dynamic aspects of RNA metabolism on a transcriptome‐wide scale. Combining the specificity of RNA‐modifying enzymes with non‐natural substrates has emerged as a valuable strategy to modify RNA site‐ or sequence‐specifically with functional groups suitable for subsequent bioorthogonal reactions and thus label RNA with reporter moieties such as affinity or fluorescent tags. In this review article, we will cover chemo‐enzymatic approaches (a) for in vitro labeling of RNA for application in cells, (b) for treatment of total RNA, and (c) for metabolic labeling of RNA.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing < RNA Editing and Modification
RNA Methods < RNA Analyses in vitro and In Silico
RNA Methods < RNA Analyses in Cells