bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Natural Fungal Pathogens from Marchantia polymorpha Reveals Antagonism between Salicylic Acid and Jasmonate during Liverwort–Fungus Interactions
Authors: Matsui Hidenori , Iwakawa Hidekazu , Hyon Gang-Su , Yotsui Izumi , Katou Shinpei , Monte Isabel , Nishihama Ryuichi , Franzen Rainer , Solano Roberto , Nakagami Hirofumi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The evolution of adaptive interactions with beneficial, neutral and detrimental microbes was one of the key features enabling plant terrestrialization. Extensive studies have revealed conserved and unique molecular mechanisms underlying plant–microbe interactions across different plant species; however, most insights gleaned to date have been limited to seed plants. The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, a descendant of early diverging land plants, is gaining in popularity as an advantageous model system to understand land plant evolution. However, studying evolutionary molecular plant–microbe interactions in this model is hampered by the small number of pathogens known to infect M. polymorpha. Here, we describe four pathogenic fungal strains, Irpex lacteus Marchantia-infectious (MI)1, Phaeophlebiopsis peniophoroides MI2, Bjerkandera adusta MI3 and B. adusta MI4, isolated from diseased M. polymorpha. We demonstrate that salicylic acid (SA) treatment of M. polymorpha promotes infection of the I. lacteus MI1 that is likely to adopt a necrotrophic lifestyle, while this effect is suppressed by co-treatment with the bioactive jasmonate in M. polymorpha, dinor-cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (dn-OPDA), suggesting that antagonistic interactions between SA and oxylipin pathways during plant–fungus interactions are ancient and were established already in liverworts.
On the gauge-invariant path-integral measure for the overlap Weyl fermions in 16 of SO(10)
Authors: Kikukawa Yoshio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe consider the lattice formulation of SO(10) chiral gauge theory with left-handed Weyl fermions in the 16-dimensional spinor representation ($\underline{16}$) within the framework of the overlap fermion/Ginsparg–Wilson relation. We define a manifestly gauge-invariant path-integral measure for the left-handed Weyl field using all the components of the Dirac field, but the right-handed part of it is just saturated completely by inserting a suitable product of the SO(10)-invariant ’t Hooft vertices in terms of the right-handed field. The definition of the measure applies to all possible topological sectors of admissible link fields. The measure possesses all required transformation properties under lattice symmetries and the induced effective action is CP invariant. The global U(1) symmetry of the left-handed field is anomalous due to the non-trivial transformation of the measure, while that of the right-handed field is explicitly broken by the ’t Hooft vertices. There remains the issue of smoothness and locality in the gauge-field dependence of the Weyl fermion measure, but the question is well defined and the necessary and sufficient condition for this property is formulated in terms of the correlation functions of the right-handed auxiliary fields. In the weak gauge-coupling limit at least, all the auxiliary fields have short-range correlations and the question can be addressed further by Monte Carlo methods without encountering the sign problem. We also discuss the relations of our formulation to other approaches/proposals to decouple the species doubling/mirror degrees of freedom. These include the Eichten–Preskill model, the mirror-fermion model with overlap fermions, the domain-wall fermion model with the boundary Eichten–Preskill term, 4D topological insulator/superconductor with a gapped boundary phase, and the recent studies on the PMS phase/“mass without symmetry breaking”. We clarify the similarities and differences in the technical details and show that our proposal is a unified and well defined testing ground for that basic question.
A nuclear matter calculation with the tensor-optimized Fermi sphere method with central interaction
Authors: Yamada T , Myo T , Toki H , Horiuchi H , Ikeda K 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The tensor-optimized Fermi sphere (TOFS) theory is applied first for the study of the property of nuclear matter using the Argonne V4$^\prime$$NN$ potential. In the TOFS theory, the correlated nuclear matter wave function is taken to be a power-series type of the correlation function $F$, where $F$ can induce central, spin–isospin, tensor, etc. correlations. This expression has been ensured by a linked cluster expansion theorem established in the TOFS theory. We take into account the contributions from all the many-body terms arising from the product of the nuclear matter Hamiltonian $\mathcal{H}$ and $F$. The correlation function is optimally determined in the variation of the total energy of nuclear matter. It is found that the density dependence of the energy per particle in nuclear matter is reasonably reproduced up to the nuclear matter density $\rho \simeq 0.20$ fm$^{-3}$ in the present numerical calculation, in comparison with other methods such as the Brueckner–Hartree–Fock approach.
Dynamical generation of quark/lepton mass hierarchy in an extra dimension
Authors: Fujimoto Yukihiro , Hasegawa Kouhei , Nishiwaki Kenji , Sakamoto Makoto , Takenaga Kazunori , Tanaka Pedro Hugo , Ueba Inori 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We show that the observed quark/lepton mass hierarchy can be realized dynamically on an interval extra dimension with point interactions. In our model, the positions of the point interactions play a crucial role in controlling the quark/lepton mass hierarchy and are determined by the minimization of the Casimir energy. By use of the exact extra-dimensional coordinate-dependent vacuum expectation value of a gauge-singlet scalar, we find that there is a parameter set, where the positions of the point interactions are stabilized and fixed, which can reproduce the experimental values of the quark masses precisely enough, while the charged lepton part is less relevant. We also show that possible mixings among the charged leptons will improve the situation significantly.
Superior Hypogastric Plexus Blocks for Postoperative Pain Management in Abdominal Hysterectomies
Authors: Aytuluk Hande G. , Kale Ahmet , Astepe Bahar S. , Basol Gulfem , Balci Canan , Colak Tuncay 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative superior hypogastric plexus (SHP) blocks on postoperative pain management in abdominal hysterectomies.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 78 female American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I or II patients who underwent elective total abdominal hysterectomy for benign reasons were assessed for eligibility. After exclusion of patients who did not fulfill the inclusion criteria, 60 patients were evaluated in 2 groups: patients who had intraoperative SHP block (SHP; n=30), and patients who did not have intraoperative SHP block (No-SHP; n=30).

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in demographic attributes, surgical duration, and length of hospital stay. Opioid requirements in both the postanesthesia care unit and gynecology ward, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug requirements in the ward were statistically significantly higher in the No-SHP group (P<0.05). Rescue analgesic times were found to be significantly longer in the SHP group (627±352.9 min; P<0.05). All visual analogue scale score assessments were found to be statistically significantly lower in the SHP group (P<0.05). No complications related to the SHP blocks were observed.

Conclusions:
Intraoperative SHP blocks in abdominal hysterectomies appear to be promising methods for acute postoperative pain management as part of a multimodal analgesia regimen. Although single SHP blocks provide adequate pain relief and reduce analgesic consumption, these blocks might have better results when used together with somatic nerve blocks, including abdominal wall blocks or wound site infiltrations.
Increasing Parental Access to Pediatric Pain-related Knowledge
Authors: Gagnon Michelle M. , Hadjistavropoulos Thomas , McAleer Lana M. , Stopyn Rhonda J.N. 
Published: September 2019

Objectives:
Parents can play an integral role in managing their child’s pain, yet many parents remain unaware of evidence-based strategies to support their child during painful experiences. Recent advances in knowledge translation research, which include dissemination and implementation studies, have resulted in programs geared towards parents to offset this knowledge gap. The nature of these programs and the degree to which parents find them useful remains unclear. Our goal was to systematically review programs aimed as disseminating and implementing evidence-based pain-related knowledge to parents.

Materials and Methods:
Systematic searches of PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycInfo were completed. Articles in which information was disseminated to parents with the goal of assessing dissemination and implementation outcomes were retained. Information was extracted to identify study characteristics, primary outcomes, and quality of evidence.

Results:
A total of 24,291 abstracts were screened and 12 articles describing programs were retained. Programs were positively rated by parents in terms of the appropriateness of formats selected, presentation of information, and helpfulness of content. The majority of research has been focused in the area of procedural pain among infants. Although several implementation domains are reported by researchers, certain areas have been overlooked to date, including the cost and sustainability of programs. The majority of reports presented with methodological limitations and bias.

Discussion:
Knowledge translation research in pediatric pain is in its infancy. Development of theories and guidelines to increase the utility and quality of evidence are needed.
Fixation of Transverse Acetabular Fractures With Precontoured Plates Alone Causes Fracture Malreduction: A Biomechanical Assessment
Authors: Alfonso Nicholas A. , Ryan Weston , Baldini Todd , Reiter Michael , Joyce Christopher , Mauffrey Cyril 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Precontoured quadrilateral surface buttress (PQSB) plates have grown in popularity for acetabular fracture fixation. However, our experience has pushed us to hypothesize that their use as sole means of fixation may cause fracture malreduction. A biomechanical model was created to investigate this theory.

Methods:
A transverse acetabular fracture was created and reduced anatomically in 18 synthetic hemipelvises. The reduced hemipelvises were fixated using 3 different techniques. Group A fixation included anterior and posterior column screws plus a suprapectineal pelvic reconstruction plate; group B models were fixed using a PQSB plate only; and group C models were fixed with an anterior column screw and a PQSB plate. Acetabular tracking points were placed before final fixation and used to quantify any postfixation displacement. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD testing were used to determine the significant difference (P < 0.05).

Results:
Models in group B had significant fracture displacement after final fixation when compared with group A and group C models. The average amount of displacement at the anterior column and within the acetabulum was 1.37 mm (95% CI, 1.08–1.65) in group B constructs compared with 0.32 mm (95% CI, 0.22–0.42) and 0.26 mm (95% CI, 0.15–0.38) in groups A and C constructs, respectively. There were no significant differences in displacement after final fixation between group A and group C models.

Conclusions:
PQSB plates for acetabular fractures cause malreduction when applied in isolation in this biomechanical model. If a PQSB plate is chosen for fixation, we suggest the use of a columnar lag screw at minimum to hold reduction before plate application.
Incidence of Epinephrine Reactions With Local Anesthesia in Mohs Micrographic Surgery
Authors: McLawhorn Justin M. , Clark Summer , Lander Steven , Truong Valerie , Aston Christopher E. , Collins Lindsey , Stasko Thomas 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND
The incidence of reactions to epinephrine-containing local anesthetics in Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) has not been established.

OBJECTIVE
To estimate the incidence of epinephrine-induced reactions from local anesthetics in patients who undergo MMS for the removal of cutaneous malignancies.

METHODS
From 2016 to 2018, 200 MMS patients were recruited from the authors' surgical center. Assessments were obtained throughout the entirety of the Mohs cases during a single visit.

RESULTS
This study estimated the incidence of epinephrine reactions in patients who undergo MMS to be 2.0% (95% confidence interval: 0.1%–3.9%). No relationship between epinephrine dose and incidence of adverse effects was found. Patient age was a significant risk factor for the development of an epinephrine reaction.

CONCLUSION
Systemic reactions to epinephrine from local anesthetics are an infrequent adverse event in MMS cases. The data suggest that the absolute dose of local anesthetic with epinephrine does not correlate with the risk of developing an epinephrine reaction. Older age seems to have a protective effect.
Monthly variation of hot flashes, night sweats, and trouble sleeping: effect of season and proximity to the final menstrual period (FMP) in the SWAN Menstrual Calendar substudy
Authors: Harlow Siobán D. , Elliott Michael R. , Bondarenko Irina , Thurston Rebecca C. , Jackson Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective:
Although reproductive function is influenced by season, few studies have evaluated seasonal effects on menopausal symptoms. We assessed the impact of season and proximity to the final menstrual period (FMP) on frequency of symptom reporting.

Methods:
In all, 955 participants in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation recorded whether or not they had experienced menopausal symptoms on a monthly menstrual calendar over a 10-year period. We modeled the log-odds of presence of a given symptom each month using a logistic mixed-effects model, assuming a third-order polynomial before the FMP and a different third-order polynomial after the FMP. We assumed sine and cosine functions for month of the year.

Results:
Five to 10 years before the FMP, ∼20% of women reported hot flashes and night sweats, whereas ∼40% reported trouble sleeping. Prevalence rose ∼4 years before the FMP with a sharp jump in hot flash (∼60%) and night sweats (∼40%) prevalence coincident with the FMP. Peaks in hot flashes and trouble sleeping were observed in July with troughs in January. The peak and trough in night sweats occurred about 1 month earlier. Odds of hot flashes, night sweats, and trouble sleeping were 66%, 50%, and 24% greater, respectively, at the seasonal peak versus the seasonal minimum.

Conclusion:
Menopausal symptoms exhibit seasonal variation associated with the summer and winter equinoxes. Seasonal increases in night sweats precede increases in hot flashes. Prospectively recorded monthly symptom data demonstrate that hot flashes and night sweats increase notably coincident with the FMP.

Video Summary:

http://links.lww.com/MENO/A476.
Neuromas and postamputation pain
Authors: Buch Nina Stockfleth , Qerama Erisela , Brix Finnerup Nanna , Nikolajsen Lone 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Postamputation stump and phantom pain are highly prevalent but remain a difficult condition to treat. The underlying mechanisms are not fully clarified, but growing evidence suggests that changes in afferent nerves, including the formation of neuromas, play an important role. The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether ultrasound-verified neuroma swellings are more frequent in amputees with postamputation pain than in amputees without pain (primary outcome). Sixty-seven amputees were included. Baseline characteristics including the frequency and intensity of spontaneous stump and phantom pain were obtained, and sensory characteristics and evoked responses were assessed. A high-frequency ultrasound examination of the amputated extremity was performed to obtain information on the presence, size, and elasticity of swollen neuromas and pressure pain thresholds. Swollen neuromas were present in 53 (79.1%) of the 67 amputees included in the study, in 47 (82.5%) of 57 amputees with pain and in 6 (60.0%) of 10 amputees without pain (P = 0.2). No difference was found in stump pain intensity (P = 0.42) during the last week or in phantom pain intensity in the last month (P = 0.74) between amputees with and without swollen neuromas. Our findings suggest that it is not the presence of swollen neuromas itself that drives postamputation pain. However, changes in the transected nerve endings may still be crucial for driving postamputation pain because a positive Tinel sign was significantly more frequent in amputees with pain, irrespectively of the degree of neuroma swelling.
Supervised learning of protein thermal stability using sequence mining and distribution statistics of network centrality
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Bagler Ganesh , Bera Debajyoti 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMotivationIt is expected that the difference in the thermal stability of mesophilic and thermophilic proteins arises, in part at least, from the differences in their molecular structures and amino acid compositions. Existing machine learning approaches for supervised classification of proteins rely on the features derived from the structural networks and the amino acid sequences. However, the network features used leave out several important network centrality values, the statistic used is a simple average and the sequence features used are hand-picked leading to an accuracy of 90%.ResultsWe show that discriminating sub-sequences of the amino acid sequences can significantly improve classification accuracy compared to the existing approaches of counting amino acids, di-peptide or even tri-peptide bonds. We identify notions of network centrality, specifically that depends on the distances betweenCαatoms, that appears to correlate better with thermal stability compared to the existing network features. We also show how to generate better statistics from the node- and edge-wise centrality values that more accurately captures the variations in their values for different types of proteins. These improved feature selection techniques make it possible to classify between thermophilic and mesophilic proteins with 96% accuracy and 99% area under ROC.AvailabilityThe dataset and source code used are available athttps://github.com/ankits0207/Protein_Classification_BIO699Contactdbera@iiitd.ac.inonline.
PKCα-dependent interaction of otoferlin and calbindin: evidence for regulation of endocytosis in inner hair cells
Authors: Cepeda Andreia P. , Al-Moyed Hanan , Lenz Christof , Urlaub Henning , Reisinger Ellen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOtoferlin is essential for the fast and indefatigable release of synaptic vesicles at auditory inner hair cell (IHC) ribbon synapses, being involved in exocytic, endocytic and regenerative steps of the synaptic vesicle cycle. Serving diverse functions at this highly dynamic synapse implies that this multi-C2domain protein is precisely regulated. Here we found protein kinase C α (PKCα) and otoferlin to colocalize in endocytic recycling compartments upon IHC depolarization and to interact in an activity-dependent manner.In vitroassays confirmed that PKCα can phosphorylate otoferlin at five serine residues, which correlates with increased serine phosphorylation in <40 nm proximity to otoferlin in murine IHCs that can be fully blocked by combining PKC and CaMKII inhibitors. Moreover, otoferlin interacts with calbindin-D28k in stimulated IHCs, which was precluded when PKCα was inhibited. Similarly, the activity-dependent increase in otoferlin-myosin VI interaction depends on PKCα activation. We propose that upon strong hair cell depolarization, PKCα phosphorylates otoferlin, thereby enabling it to interact with calbindin-D28k and myosin VI, building a Ca2+-dependent signaling complex that possibly regulates different modes of endocytosis.
A novel terpene synthase produces an anti-aphrodisiac pheromone in the butterflyHeliconius melpomene
Authors: Darragh Kathy , Orteu Anna , Byers Kelsey J. R. P. , Szczerbowski Daiane , Warren Ian A. , Rastas Pasi , Pinharanda Ana L. , Davey John W. , Garza Sylvia Fernanda , Almeida Diana Abondano , Merrill Richard M. , McMillan W. Owen , Schulz Stefan , Jiggins Chris D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTerpenes, a group of structurally diverse compounds, are the biggest class of secondary metabolites. While the biosynthesis of terpenes by enzymes known as terpene synthases (TPSs) has been described in plants and microorganisms, few TPSs have been identified in insects, despite the presence of terpenes in multiple insect species. Indeed, in many insect species, it remains unclear whether terpenes are sequestered from plants or biosynthesisedde novo. No homologs of plant TPSs have been found in insect genomes, though insect TPSs with an independent evolutionary origin have been found in Hemiptera and Coleoptera. In the butterflyHeliconius melpomene, the monoterpene (E)-β-ocimene acts as an anti-aphrodisiac pheromone, where it is transferred during mating from males to females to avoid re-mating by deterring males. To date only one insect monoterpene synthase has been described, inIps pini(Coleoptera), and is a multifunctional TPS and isoprenyl diphosphate synthase (IDS). Here, we combine linkage mapping and expression studies to identify candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of (E)-β-ocimene. We confirm thatH. melpomenehas two enzymes that exhibit TPS activity, and one of these, HMEL037106g1 is able to synthesise (E)-β-ocimenein vitro. Unlike the enzyme inIps pini, these enzymes only exhibit residual IDS activity, suggesting they are more specialised TPSs, akin to those found in plants. Phylogenetic analysis shows that these enzymes are unrelated to previously described plant and insect TPSs. The distinct evolutionary origin of TPSs in Lepidoptera suggests that they have evolved multiple times in insects.Significance statementTerpenes are a diverse class of natural compounds, used by both plants and animals for a variety of functions, including chemical communication. In insects it is often unclear whether they are synthesisedde novoor sequestered from plants. Some plants and insects have converged to use the same compounds. For instance, (E)-β-ocimene is a common component of floral scent and is also used by the butterflyHeliconius melpomeneas an anti-aphrodisiac pheromone. We describe two novel terpene synthases, one of which synthesises (E)-β-ocimene inH. melpomene, unrelated not only to plant enzymes but also other recently identified insect terpene synthases. This provides the first evidence that the ability to synthesise terpenes has arisen multiple times independently within the insects.