bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Pharmaco-Electroencephalography in Antiepileptic Drug Research
Authors: Höller Yvonne , Helmstaedter Christoph , Lehnertz Klaus 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPharmaco-electroencephalography (pharmaco-EEG) has never gained great popularity in epilepsy research. Nevertheless, the electroencephalogram (EEG) is the most important neurological examination technique in this patient population. Development and investigation of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) involves EEG for diagnosis and outcome evaluation. In contrast to the common use of the EEG for documenting the effect of AEDs on the presence of interictal epileptiform activities or seizures, quantitative analysis of drug responses in the EEG are not yet standard in pharmacological studies. We provide an overview of dedicated pharmaco-EEG studies with AEDs in humans. A systematic search in PubMed yielded 43 articles, which were reviewed for their relevance. After excluding studies according to our exclusion criteria, nine studies remained. These studies plus the retrieved references from the bibliographies of the identified studies yielded 37 studies to be included in the review. The most prominent method in pharmaco-EEG research for AEDs was analysis of the frequency content in response to drug intake, often with quantitative methods such as spectral analysis. Despite documenting the effect of the drug on brain activity, some studies were conducted in order to document treatment response, detect neurotoxic effects, and measure reversibility of AED-induced changes. There were some attempts to predict treatment response or side effects. We suggest that pharmaco-EEG deserves more attention in AED research, specifically because the newest drugs and techniques have not yet been subject to investigation.
Linkage analysis of multiplex Caribbean Hispanic families loaded for unexplained early‐onset cases identifies novel Alzheimer's disease loci
Authors: Cheng Rong , Tang Min , Martinez Izri , Ayodele Temitope , Baez Penelope , Reyes‐Dumeyer Dolly , Lantigua Rafael , Medrano Martin , Jimenez‐Velazquez Ivonne , Lee Joseph H. , Beecham Gary W. , Reitz Christiane 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionLess than 10% of early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) is explained by known mutations.MethodsWe conducted genetic linkage analysis of 68 well‐phenotyped Caribbean Hispanic families without clear inheritance patterns or mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 and with two or more individuals with EOAD.ResultsWe identified 16 (logarithm of odds > 3.6) linked regions, including eight novel loci for EOAD (2p15, 5q14.1, 11p15.1, 13q21.22, 13q33.1, 16p12.1, 20p12.1, and 20q11.21) and eight regions previously associated with late‐onset Alzheimer's disease. The strongest signal was observed at 16p12.1 (25 cM, 33 Mb; heterogeneity logarithm of odds = 5.3), ∼3 Mb upstream of the ceroid lipofuscinosis 3 (CLN3) gene associated with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), which functions in retromer trafficking and has been reported to alter intracellular processing of the amyloid precursor protein.DiscussionThis study supports the notion that the genetic architectures of unexplained EOAD and late‐onset AD overlap partially, but not fully.
Phototoxicity of traditional chinese medicine (TCM)
Authors: Li Xiaoqi , An Rui , Liang Kun , Wang Xinhong , You Lisha 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Phototoxicity can cause toxic responses such as edemas and lesions, and is one of the severe adverse effects that largely limit the use of these phototoxic drugs. Some traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and their constituents have been reported to be phototoxic. However, to date, their phototoxicity information is still very limited, and lacks systemic investigation. This article presents the phototoxicity potential of various types of TCMs and their active components in an effort to provide valuable information for drug research and discovery to mitigate phototoxicity concerns. Some potential mechanisms of action (MoAs) of phototoxicity are discussed. In addition, in vivo and in vitro phototoxicity assays are summarized this review.
Riding the kinematic waves in the Milky Way disk with Gaia
Authors: Ramos P. , Antoja T. , Figueras F. 
Published: August 2018

Context. Gaia DR2 has delivered full-sky six-dimensional measurements for millions of stars, and the quest to understand the dynamics of our Galaxy has entered a new phase.
Aims. Our aim is to reveal and characterise the kinematic substructure of the different Galactic neighbourhoods, to form a picture of their spatial evolution that can be used to infer the Galactic potential, its evolution, and its components.
Methods. We take approximately 5 million stars in the Galactic disk from the Gaia DR2 catalogue and build the velocity distribution in different Galactic neighbourhoods distributed along 5 kpc in Galactic radius and azimuth. We decompose their distribution of stars in the VR–Vϕ plane with the wavelet transformation and asses the statistical significance of the structures found.
Results. We detect distinct kinematic substructures (arches and more rounded groups) that diminish their azimuthal velocity as a function of Galactic radius in a continuous way, connecting volumes up to 3 kpc apart in some cases. The average rate of decrease is ∼23 km s−1 kpc−1. In azimuth, the variations are much smaller. We also observe different behaviours: some approximately conserve their vertical angular momentum with radius (e.g. Hercules), while others seem to have nearly constant kinetic energy (e.g. Sirius). These two trends are consistent with the approximate predictions of resonances and phase mixing, respectively. Besides, the overall spatial evolution of Hercules is consistent with being related to the outer Lindblad resonance of the Galactic bar. In addition, we detect new kinematic structures that only appear at either inner or outer Galactic radius, different from the solar neighbourhood.
Conclusions. The strong and distinct variation observed for each kinematic substructure with position in the Galaxy, along with the characterisation of extrasolar moving groups, will allow to better model the dynamical processes affecting the velocity distributions.
The luminous host galaxy, faint supernova and rapid afterglow rebrightening of GRB 100418A
Authors: de Ugarte Postigo A. , Thöne C. C. , Bensch K. , van der Horst A. J. , Kann D. A. , Cano Z. , Izzo L. , Goldoni P. , Martín S. , Filgas R. , Schady P. , Gorosabel J. , Bikmaev I. , Bremer M. , Burenin R. , Castro-Tirado A. J. , Covino S. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Garcia-Appadoo D. , de Gregorio-Monsalvo I. , Jelínek M. , Khamitov I. , Kamble A. , Kouveliotou C. , Krühler T. , Leloudas G. , Melnikov S. , Nardini M. , Perley D. A. , Petitpas G. , Pooley G. , Rau A. , Rol E. , Sánchez-Ramírez R. , Starling R. L. C. , Tanvir N. R. , Wiersema K. , Wijers R. A. M. J. , Zafar T. 
Published: August 2018

Context. Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) give us the chance to study both their extreme physics and the star-forming galaxies in which they form.
Aims. GRB 100418A, at a redshift of z = 0.6239, had a bright optical and radio afterglow, and a luminous star-forming host galaxy. This allowed us to study the radiation of the explosion as well as the interstellar medium of the host both in absorption and emission.
Methods. We collected photometric data from radio to X-ray wavelengths to study the evolution of the afterglow and the contribution of a possible supernova (SN) and three X-shooter spectra obtained during the first 60 h.
Results. The light curve shows a very fast optical rebrightening, with an amplitude of ∼3 magnitudes, starting 2.4 h after the GRB onset. This cannot be explained by a standard external shock model and requires other contributions, such as late central-engine activity. Two weeks after the burst we detect an excess in the light curve consistent with a SN with peak absolute magnitude MV = −18.5 mag, among the faintest GRB-SNe detected to date. The host galaxy shows two components in emission, with velocities differing by 130 km s−1, but otherwise having similar properties. While some absorption and emission components coincide, the absorbing gas spans much higher velocities, indicating the presence of gas beyond the star-forming regions. The host has a star formation rate of SFR = 12.2 M⊙ yr−1, a metallicity of 12 + log(O/H) = 8.55, and a mass of 1.6 × 109 M⊙.
Conclusions. GRB 100418A is a member of a class of afterglow light curves which show a steep rebrightening in the optical during the first day, which cannot be explained by traditional models. Its very faint associated SN shows that GRB-SNe can have a larger dispersion in luminosities than previously seen. Furthermore, we have obtained a complete view of the host of GRB 100418A owing to its spectrum, which contains a remarkable number of both emission and absorption lines.
NuSTAR reveals that the heavily obscured nucleus of NGC 2785 was the contaminant of IRAS 09104+4109 in the BeppoSAX/PDS hard X-rays
Authors: Vignali C. , Severgnini P. , Piconcelli E. , Lanzuisi G. , Gilli R. , Mignoli M. , Comastri A. , Ballo L. , Iwasawa K. , La Parola V. 
Published: August 2018

Context. The search for heavily obscured active galactic nuclei has been revitalized in the last five years by NuSTAR, which has provided a good census and spectral characterization of a population of such objects, mostly at low redshift, thanks to its enhanced sensitivity above 10 keV compared to previous X-ray facilities, and its hard X-ray imaging capabilities.
Aims. We aim at demonstrating how NGC 2785, a local (z = 0.009) star-forming galaxy, is responsible, in virtue of its heavily obscured active nucleus, for significant contamination in the non-imaging BeppoSAX/PDS data of the relatively nearby (≈17′) quasar IRAS 09104+4109 (z = 0.44), which was originally mis-classified as Compton thick.
Methods. We analyzed ≈71 ks NuSTAR data of NGC 2785 using the MYTorus model and provided a physical description of the X-ray properties of the source for the first time.
Results. We found that NGC 2785 hosts a heavily obscured (NH ≈ 3 × 1024 cm−2) nucleus. The intrinsic X-ray luminosity of the source, once corrected for the measured obscuration (L2−10keV ≈ 1042 erg s−1), is consistent within a factor of a few with predictions based on the source mid-infrared flux using widely adopted correlations from the literature.
Conclusions. Based on NuSTAR data and previous indications from the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (BAT instrument), we confirm that NGC 2785, because of its hard X-ray emission and spectral shape, was responsible for at least one third of the 20–100 keV emission observed using the PDS instrument onboard BeppoSAX, originally completely associated with IRAS 09104+4109. Such emission led to the erroneous classification of this source as a Compton-thick quasar, while it is now recognized as Compton thin.
Motivational Interviewing in der Sport- und Bewegungstherapie – ein Ansatz zur Förderung der intrinsischen Motivation
Authors: Messner Thomas 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungSport- und Bewegungsprogramme sind im Kästnerschen Sinne dann von Nutzen, wenn Sie umgesetzt und im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes getan werden. In dem Fall stellt sich die Frage, wie eine nachhaltige Verhaltensänderung unterstützt und begleitet werden kann und wie Menschen zu einem körperlich aktiven Lebensstil motiviert werden können. Mit dem Motivational Interviewing steht dem Bewegungs- und Sporttherapeuten ein evidentes und bewährtes Konzept zur Verfügung, mit dem intrinsische Motivation evoziert und Veränderungsprozesse unterstützt werden können. Der Ansatz verknüpft dabei die theoriegeleitete Betrachtung von Veränderungsprozessen mit einer auf Beziehung bauenden personenzentrierten Art des Umgangs mit dem Gegenüber.
Elevation in Circulating Soluble CD40 Ligand Concentrations in Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy and Association with its Severity
Authors: Lamine Laila Ben , Turki Amira , Al-Khateeb Ghada , Sellami Nejla , Amor Hagger B. , Sarray Sameh , Jailani Mohamed , Ghorbel Mohamed , Mahjoub Touhami , Almawi Wassim Y. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background To investigate the relationship between changes in circulating soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) levels and the presence and severity of type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR).
Subjects and methods sCD40L plasma concentrations were measured in 205 type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients without DR (DWR; n=50) and with DR (n=155), the latter subdivided into non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy [NPDR; n=98 (63.2%)], or proliferative retinopathy [PDR; n=57 (36.8%)] patients.
Results Receiver operating characteristic analysis provided good discriminatory power for sCD40L as predictor of DR presence, with high sensitivity and specificity. Categorizing DWR and DR patients into sCD40L quartiles, based on sCD40L concentrations in T2DM without DR, demonstrated statistically significant gradual increase in DR risk with increasing sCD40L levels. sCD40L levels were significantly higher in DR compared to DWR patients. Plasma sCD40L levels differed significantly according to DR severity, and correlated with diabetes duration, dyslipedimea, nephropathy, and presence of DR, but not with gender, age, SBP, DBP, FPG, HbA1c, T2DM medications. Linear regression analysis confirmed the association of increased sCD40L levels with DR, independent of others parameters; mean plasma sCD40L levels differing significantly according to DR severity.
Conclusion Plasma sCD40L levels were positively associated with DR. The significant finding here is that sCD40L levels can be predictors of DR severity.
Vom Statisten zum Protagonisten
Authors: Diana Gallmeier HP 
Published: August 2018

SummaryDas Gefühl der Hilflosigkeit zählt zu den wichtigsten Ursachen für Entwicklungshindernisse sowie für soziale und psychische Probleme bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die jedem innewohnende natürliche Selbstwirksamkeit und Lösungskompetenz lässt sich therapeutisch gut ansprechen und liefert den Schlüssel zur Entspannung. Im Fall von Maximilian konnten schulische Ängste und Blockaden durch Visualisierung, Ankerübungen und das Freisetzen seiner Kreativität in Motivation überführt werden.
Effect of Dapagliflozin on Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity
in Patients with Prediabetes
Authors: Ramírez-Rodríguez Alejandra M. , González-Ortiz Manuel , Martínez-Abundis Esperanza 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Aim To evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin on insulin secretion and
insulin sensitivity in patients with prediabetes.
Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
was carried out in 24 adults diagnosed with prediabetes and without
pharmacological treatment. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups
of 12 patients each to receive 10 mg of oral dapagliflozin or
placebo once a day during 12 weeks. At baseline and at the end of the study,
anthropometric and metabolic measurements were evaluated, including the
first phase of insulin secretion, total insulin secretion, and insulin
sensitivity.
Results After dapagliflozin administration, there were significant
decreases in body weight (80.8±16.3 vs.
77.8±14.9 kg, p=0.019), body mass index
(30.3±3.5 vs. 29.2±3.1 kg/m2,
p=0.023), waist circumference (100.6±13.5 vs.
96.2±11.8 cm, p=0.003), fasting glucose
(5.9±0.4 vs. 5.1±0.3 mmol/L,
p<0.001) and uric acid (334.3±70.8 vs.
262.9±60.7 mmol/L, p=0.032), with a tendency
to increase the insulin sensitivity (1.94±0.72 vs.
2.63±1.04, p=0.064).
Conclusion Dapagliflozin administration in patients with prediabetes
decreased body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting
glucose, and uric acid, with a tendency to increase the insulin sensitivity
without changes in insulin secretion.
The Relationship Between Statin Action On Thyroid Autoimmunity And Vitamin D Status: A Pilot Study
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Szkróbka Witold , Okopień Bogusław 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background Both vitamin D preparations and high-dose statin therapy were found to reduce thyroid antibody titers.
Objective The purpose of this study was to assess whether vitamin D status determines the effect of statin therapy on thyroid autoimmunity.
Methods The study population consisted of 39 euthyroid women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and moderate or moderately high cardiovascular risk divided into two groups: women with vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency (group A; n=19) and women with normal vitamin D status (group B, n=20). All patients received atorvastatin therapy (20–40 mg daily) for the following 6 months. Plasma lipids, circulating levels of thyrotropin, free thyroid hormones, prolactin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, titers of thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies, as well as Jostel’s, the SPINA-GT and the SPINA-GD indices were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study.
Results The study completed all women. At baseline, with the exception of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, there were no significant differences between both study groups in plasma lipids, circulating hormone levels and titers of thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies. Despite improving plasma lipids in both study groups, atorvastatin reduced thyroid antibody titers only in women with normal vitamin D status. Moreover, in this group of patients, atorvastatin increased the SPINA-GT index. Circulating levels of the measured hormones, Jostel’s thyrotropin index and the SPINA-GD index remained at a similar level throughout the study.
Conclusions The results of the study suggest that the effect of atorvastatin therapy on thyroid autoimmunity depends on vitamin D status.
Elektrokonvulsionstherapie bei einem Patienten mit intrakraniellen titanhaltigen Metallplatten
Authors: Kozian Ralf , Six Andrea , Stroukov Alexej , Hoefer Lore , Grözinger Michael 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungBerichtet wird über eine erfolgreiche Elektrokonvulsionstherapie (EKT) bei einem 24-jährigen Patienten, der an einer Schizophrenie leidet. Bei ihm wurde nach einem Fenstersturz in suizidaler Absicht eine frontobasale Plattenosteosynthese mit Titanplatten durchgeführt. Die EKT wurde veranlasst, weil bei dem Patienten trotz Neuroleptikagabe eine therapierefraktäre Positivsymptomatik mit inhaltlichen Denkstörungen, gestörtem Ich-Erleben und Wahnwahrnehmungen vorlag. Es erfolgten 14 Therapiesitzungen bei rechtsunilateraler Stimulation und Anwendung der Altersmethode. Die EKT wurde mit Einwilligung des Patienten und seines Betreuers während des Aufenthalts in der Klinik für Forensische Psychiatrie durchgeführt. Im Verlauf der Behandlung kam es zu einer Zustandsbesserung, Komplikationen traten nicht auf.
Metástasis inusuales en carcinoma de células renales
Authors: Bacaret W. , Cabrera M. , Ramos G. , Varela R. , Donoso W. 
Published: August 2018

Introducción y Objetivos El carcinoma renal de células claras (CCR), es la neoplasia renal más frecuente. Hasta el 30% de los casos presentan enfermedad sistémica, siendo las más usuales: pulmón, ganglios, hígado y cerebro. El objetivo de este trabajo es informar casos poco frecuentes de metástasis por CCR y establecer posibles factores relacionados con las metástasis.
Métodos y Materiales revisión retrospectiva de historias clínicas en el instituto nacional de cancerología de los pacientes con carcinoma de células renales metastásico entre los años 2013 a 2017. Se identificaron 6 casos con sitios de metástasis inusuales en pacientes del servicio de urología oncológica del instituto nacional de cancerología, destacando histopatología e inmunohistoquímica de los especímenes quirúrgicos tanto del primario como de la metástasis, reportando marcadores específicos y clasificaciones según corresponda.
Resultados Caso 1 Metástasis a duodeno, Caso 2 metástasis a ovario, caso 3 metástasis a testículo, caso 4 metástasis a piel, caso 5 metástasis a glándula tiroides, caso 6 metástasis a mama y piel. Se evaluaron diferentes variables y se analizaron con base en la literatura.
Conclusiones Consideramos que la edad, el tabaquismo, el grado histológico, la invasión de la vena renal, el tamaño tumoral y el estadio pueden ser factores predisponentes para ese comportamiento.
On the standard conjecture for a fibre product of three elliptic surfaces with pairwise-disjoint discriminant loci
Authors: Tankeev S. G. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We prove that the Grothendieck standard conjecture

of Lefschetz type on the algebraicity of the operator

of Hodge theory is true for the fibre product

of complex elliptic surfaces

over a smooth projective curve

provided that the discriminant loci

are pairwise disjoint.
Material barriers to diffusive and stochastic transport
Authors: Haller George , Karrasch Daniel , Kogelbauer Florian 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Observations of tracer transport in fluids generally reveal highly complex patterns shaped by an intricate network of transport barriers and enhancers. The elements of this network appear to be universal for small diffusivities, independent of the tracer and its initial distribution. Here, we develop a mathematical theory for weakly diffusive tracers to predict transport barriers and enhancers solely from the flow velocity, without reliance on diffusive or stochastic simulations. Our results yield a simplified computational scheme for diffusive transport problems, such as the estimation of salinity redistribution for climate studies and the forecasting of oil spill spreads on the ocean surface.
Dynamic process connectivity explains ecohydrologic responses to rainfall pulses and drought
Authors: Goodwell Allison E. , Kumar Praveen , Fellows Aaron W. , Flerchinger Gerald N. 
Published: August 2018

SignificanceIn the face of changing climate, weather variability, and land cover, it is important to understand how ecosystem components vary jointly to determine how the system responds as a whole. While previous works have identified thresholds along climate gradients regarding precipitation, soils, and vegetation, we relate these thresholds to shifts in connectivity between variables, captured through joint variability, to better understand whole-system attributes of resilience, sensitivity, and vulnerability. We use data from flux tower transects along elevation gradients to address the relationship between joint connectivity and energy, water, and carbon flux responses to changes in moisture availability. This analysis reveals differences in joint variability between locations that can help explain responses to disturbances such as rain events or drought.
Projection pursuit in high dimensions
Authors: Bickel Peter J. , Kur Gil , Nadler Boaz 
Published: August 2018

SignificanceA key challenge in analyzing high-dimensional data is to extract meaningful low-dimensional structures, which typically represent signals of interest. Standard and widely used methods include principal components analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), and projection pursuit. Limitations of PCA in high-dimensional settings have been widely studied. In this work, we show that with a limited amount of high-dimensional data, the results of projection pursuit and related ICA methods should be interpreted with great care. Specifically, even with structureless data, one may find projections with highly non-Gaussian components that have no statistical or scientific significance. In contrast, restricting to sparse projections, detecting non-Gaussian components is still possible.
Fear extinction reverses dendritic spine formation induced by fear conditioning in the mouse auditory cortex
Authors: Lai Cora Sau Wan , Adler Avital , Gan Wen-Biao 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Whether learning-induced changes in neuronal circuits are inhibited or erased during the process of unlearning remains unclear. In this study, we examined the impact of auditory-cued fear conditioning and extinction on the remodeling of synaptic connections in the living mouse auditory cortex. We found that fear conditioning leads to cue-specific formation of new postsynaptic dendritic spines, whereas fear extinction preferentially eliminates these new spines in a cue-specific manner. Our findings suggest that learning-related changes of synaptic connections in the cortex are at least partially reversed after unlearning.