bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting Velcro-covered balls when used as a sampling device for wool ofAdelges tsugae(Hemiptera: Adelgidae)
Authors: Fidgen Jeffrey G. , Fournier Ronald E. , Whitmore Mark C. , MacQuarrie Chris J.K. , Turgeon Jean J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAdelges tsugaeAnnand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) has caused extensive mortality of hemlocks (Tsuga(Endlicher) Carrière; Pinaceae) in the eastern United States of America and was discovered recently in Nova Scotia, Canada. We evaluated the use of a Velcro-covered racquetball as a sampling device forA. tsugaewool. Specifically, we report on improvements to an earlier design and evaluate several factors seen in routine sampling that influence the ability of the ball to trap and retain adelgid wool. Velcro was found to be critical for trapping and retaining adelgid wool on the ball during flight and landing. Wooden beads, inserted in the ball, reduced deflection during flight and bounce during landing. Higher probability of trapping wool on the ball was associated with an ascent through the crown, with increasing diameter and density of ovisacs on branch tips, and with increasing abundance of woolly twigs on the forest floor. Higher probability of retaining wool on the ball was associated with Velcro surface area and with amount and location of wool loaded on the ball. These modifications improved detection surveys forA. tsugaein general.
La transformación de una comunidad científica. Evolución del patrón de autoría de la investigación española sobre comunicación publicada en revistas especializadas (1990-2014)
Authors: Martínez-Nicolás Manuel , Carrasco-Campos Ángel 
Published: November 2018

El número de los integrantes de la comunidad científica de investigadores de la comunicación en España se ha duplicado en el último cuarto de siglo, y probablemente haya ido modificando algunas de sus características y prácticas de investigación. Objetivos y método. En este trabajo se indaga en la transformación experimentada por esta comunidad científica utilizando como indicador la evolución del patrón de autoría (sexo de los firmantes, universidades de procedencia, número de autores, etc.) de la investigación comunicativa española con datos obtenidos de una muestra de 1000 artículos publicados entre 1990 y 2014 en cinco revistas especializadas editadas en España. Resultados y conclusiones. Los resultados indican el crecimiento de la presencia de las mujeres en la actividad investigadora, el incremento del número de universidades de procedencia de los autores firmantes, la discreta contribución de autores adscritos a universidades privadas, y la progresiva consolidación de la investigación realizada en colaboración entre varios autores
Association of Unemployment and Informal Care with Stigma in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Hategeka Celestin , Traboulsee Anthony L. , McMullen Katrina , Lynd Larry D. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) typically affects young adults during their primary productive years. We assessed the magnitude of, and factors associated with, employment status and informal care in people with MS in Canada.

Methods:
Data were compiled from the nationally representative cross-sectional Survey on Living with Neurological Conditions in Canada (SLNCC), which included adolescents and adults (age ≥15 years). Employment status was categorized as currently working or not working. The frequency of informal care that people with MS received was categorized as none, less than daily, or daily. Logistic regression analyses were undertaken to identify factors associated with employment status and informal care requirements in people with MS.

Results:
Of 4409 SLNCC respondents, 631 had MS, of whom 530 were included in the analysis. Of 358 respondents aged 18 to 65 years, 47.8% were not working because of MS; 44.0% reported receiving informal care, with more than half requiring daily care. For caregivers' employment, 15.5% reduced work and 8.2% stopped working because of caregiving. Greater feelings of stigmatization were associated with not working (adjusted odds ratio, 7.42 [95% CI, 2.59–21.28]) and greater informal care (adjusted odds ratio, 3.83 [95% CI, 1.84–7.96]), adjusting for sex, age, education, health-related quality of life, time since MS diagnosis, and comorbidity.

Conclusions:
People who feel stigmatized because of their MS are more likely to be unemployed and to require more informal care. Further research is needed to understand the temporal nature of the association between stigma and employment, productivity loss, and informal care.
Effects of Treadmill Training on Muscle Oxidative Capacity and Endurance in People with Multiple Sclerosis with Significant Walking Limitations
Authors: Willingham T. Bradley , Melbourn Jonathan , Moldavskiy Marina , McCully Kevin K. , Backus Deborah 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground:Exercise can improve muscle function and mobility in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the effects of exercise training on skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and endurance in people with MS remain unclear, and few studies have evaluated muscle plasticity in people with MS who have moderate-to-severe disability. The present study evaluated the effects of treadmill training on muscle oxidative capacity and muscle endurance and examined the relationship to walking function in people with MS who have moderate-to-severe disability.Methods:Six adults (mean ± SD age, 50 ± 4.9 years) with MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale score, 6.0–6.5) performed treadmill training for 24 minutes approximately twice per week for approximately 8 weeks (16 sessions total) using an antigravity treadmill system. The following measures were taken before and after the intervention phase: muscle oxidative capacity in the medial gastrocnemius using near-infrared spectroscopy after 15 to 20 seconds of electrical stimulation; muscle endurance in the medial gastrocnemius using accelerometer-based mechanomyography during 9 minutes of twitch electrical stimulation in three stages (3 minutes per stage) of increasing frequency (2, 4, and 6 Hz); and walking function using the 2-Minute Walk Test.Results:Mean ± SD muscle oxidative capacity increased from 0.64 ± 0.19 min−1 to 1.08 ± 0.52 min−1 (68.2%). Mean ± SD muscle endurance increased from 80.9% ± 15.2% to 91.5% ± 4.8% at 2 Hz, from 56.3% ± 20.1% to 76.6% ± 15.8% at 4 Hz, and from 29.2% ± 13.1% to 53.9% ± 19.4% at 6 Hz of stimulation in the gastrocnemius. There were no significant improvements in walking function.Conclusions:Treadmill training can improve muscle oxidative capacity and endurance in people with MS who have moderate-to-severe levels of disability.
Minerālo saistvielu pētījumi Silikātu materiālu institūtā
Authors: Sētiņa Janīna , Juhņeviča Inna , Baroniņš Jānis , Gulbe Liene 
Published: November 2018

Parādīti pēdējās desmitgades pētījumi minerālo saistvielu jomā. Pētīta dažādu aktīvo ķīmisko piedevu ietekme uz betona struktūru, mehāniskajām un fizikālajām īpašībām. Novērtēta iegūto betonu korozijas izturība pret sulfātu sāļu šķīdumiem. Pētīta dažādu rūpniecisko blakus produktu – pelnu – kā pucolānu piedevas ietekme uz betona īpašībām.Investigation of Mineral Binders in the Institute of Silicate MaterialsThe influence of natural and artificial pozzolanic and micro-filler additives on the cement paste hydration process, structure, properties was studied. Different additives and chemical compositions were used: micro- and nano-silica, amorphous silicon dioxide synthesized by sol-gel method, glass powder, highly disperse sand, different types of ash. The pozzolanic activity of additives mainly depends on quantity and specific surface area, i. e., the dispersity of active SiO2 and Al2O3. Depending on the pozzolanic activity chemical additives can be used as concrete aggregates or as active additives.The influence of superplasticizer Semflow MC (SP) on microstructure and properties of concrete was investigated. The compressive strength of concrete with SP increased to 154 MPa, corresponding to HPC. The capillary absorption of water and solutions containing sulphate ions into HPC depends on amount of SP. The depth of penetration of solution in the samples decreases consistently by increasing the amount of SP. The formation of crystalline phase during maturation was analysed, and it was found that by increasing testing time the amount of portlandite decreased and calcium hydrosilicate formed. The concrete samples with low W/C ratio, pozzolanic additives and SP up to 2.5 % according mechanical and chemical properties conform to the characteristics of HPC. The investigated concrete has high chemical resistance to solutions containing sulphate ions.Keywords – binders, concrete, pozzolanic additives, ash, concrete corrosion
Effect of seasonality on chemical profile and antifungal activity of essential oil isolated from leaves Psidium salutare (Kunth) O. Berg
Authors: de Macêdo Delmacia G. , Souza Marta Maria A. , Morais-Braga Maria Flaviana B. , Coutinho Henrique Douglas M. , dos Santos Antonia Thassya L. , da Cruz Rafael P. , da Costa José Galberto M. , Rodrigues Fábio Fernandes G. , Quintans-junior Lucindo J. , da Silva Almeida Jackson Roberto G. , de Menezes Irwin Rose A. 
Published: November 2018

Medicinal plants play a crucial role in the search for components that are capable of neutralizing the multiple mechanisms of fungal resistance. Psidium salutare (Kunth) O. Berg is a plant native to Brazil used as both food and traditional medicine to treat diseases and symptoms such as stomach ache and diarrhea, whose symptoms could be related to fungal infections from the genus Candida. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of seasonal variability on the chemical composition of the Psidium salutare essential oil, its antifungal potential and its effect on the Candida albicans morphogenesis. The essential oils were collected in three different seasonal collection periods and isolated by the hydrodistillation process in a modified Clevenger apparatus with identification of the chemical composition determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antifungal assays were performed against Candida strains through the broth microdilution method to determine the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). Fungal growth was assessed by optical density reading and the Candida albicans dimorphic effect was evaluated by optical microscopy in microculture chambers. The chemical profile of the essential oils identified 40 substances in the different collection periods with γ-terpinene being the predominant constituent. The antifungal activity revealed an action against the C. albicans, C. krusei and C. tropicalis strains with an IC50 ranging from 345.5 to 2,754.2 µg/mL and a MFC higher than 1,024 µg/mL. When combined with essential oils at sub-inhibitory concentrations (MIC/16), fluconazole had its potentiated effect, i.e. a synergistic effect was observed in the combination of fluconazole with P.salutare oil against all Candida strains; however, for C. albicans, its effect was reinforced by the natural product in all the collection periods. The results show that the Psidium salutare oil affected the dimorphic transition capacity, significantly reducing the formation of hyphae and pseudohyphae in increasing concentrations. The results show that P. salutare oil exhibits a significant antifungal activity against three Candida species and that it can act in synergy with fluconazole. These results support the notion that this plant may have a potential use in pharmaceutical and preservative products.
Area postrema syndrome as frequent feature of Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis
Authors: Zeiner Pia S. , Brandhofe Annemarie , Müller‐Eschner Monika , Steinmetz Helmuth , Pfeilschifter Waltraud 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveArea postrema (AP) syndrome (defined as: nausea and/or emesis and/or singultus at onset of brainstem dysfunction) comprises complex pathophysiologic mechanisms triggered by different entities. The first objective was to assess the frequency of AP syndrome as a clinical feature in brainstem encephalitis (BE). Finding an especially high prevalence of AP syndrome in Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE), we also analyzed the frequency of AP syndrome in other autoimmune diseases with anti‐ganglioside antibodies (Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) and its variants).MethodsWe systematically evaluated the prevalence of AP syndrome in BE in all patients treated at our university hospital during a 15‐year period. In a second step, BBE patients were compared to GBS and Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) patients as clinical subtypes of a disease continuum without brainstem dysfunction.ResultsWe found AP syndrome in 8 of 21 BE patients, including 3 of 7 BBE and in 4 of 112 GBS/MFS patients. AP syndrome was as a frequent but under‐recognized feature of BE with a significant impact on patients’ well being.InterpretationManifestation of AP syndrome in BBE but also in GBS and its subtypes point toward a role of autoimmune antibodies that should be investigated in future studies. Considerable misdiagnosis or nonrecognition complicates diagnostic and therapeutic management. Therefore, AP syndrome should be considered in any episode of otherwise unexplained nausea, emesis, or singultus.
Research Priorities for Physician Wellness in Academic Emergency Medicine: Consensus from the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine Wellness Committee
Authors: Chung Arlene S. , Wong Matthew L. , Sanchez Leon D. , Lu Dave W. , Manfredi Rita A. , Mishkin Hannah , Heron Sheryl , Blomkalns Andra L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundPhysicians and trainees in academic health care settings face unique challenges to maintaining and enhancing their well‐being compared to their community practice counterparts.ObjectiveOur objective was to develop a research agenda focused on well‐being, resilience, and career longevity issues specific to practicing emergency medicine in an academic setting.MethodsWe convened an expert group of academic emergency physicians prior to the 2018 annual meeting of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine to determine a set of uniformly accepted research priorities in the field by consensus.ResultsThree themes emerged as components of a comprehensive research agenda: 1) origins and natural history of burnout, resilience, well‐being and other related concepts; 2) influence of early training and the learning environment; and 3) impact of burnout, attrition, and lack of organizational or system support for wellness on operations.ConclusionWe believe that this agenda will inform future research and effective interventions to support physician and trainee well‐being.
Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrazine 1,3‐Dioxides Annulated with 1,3 a,4,6 a‐Tetraazapentalene Systems
Authors: Konnov Alexey A. , Klenov Michael S. , Churakov Aleksandr M. , Strelenko Yurii A. , Dmitrienko Artem O. , Puntus Lada N. , A. Lyssenko Konstantin , Tartakovsky Vladimir A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA synthetic approach to 5,11‐dehydro‐5H,11H‐[1,2,3,4]tetrazino[5′,6′:4,5][1,2,3]triazolo[2,1‐a][1,2,3]benzotriazole 1,3‐dioxide (5) and 5,11‐dehydro‐5H,11H‐[1,2,3,4]tetrazino‐[5′,6′:4,5][1,2,3]triazolo[2,1‐a][1,2,3]benzotriazole 2,4‐dioxide (6) was developed. These ring systems are the first in which a 1,2,3,4‐tetrazine 1,3‐dioxide ring is directly fused with 1,3a,4,6a‐tetraazapentalene moiety. The synthesis started from (tert‐butyl‐NNO‐azoxy)acetonitrile (7) and involved the closure of the 1,2,3,4‐tetrazine 1,3‐dioxide ring first and then formation of the tetraazapentalene ring. The derivatives of ring systems 5 and 6 nitrated at the benzene ring were also obtained. The structures of the compounds synthesized have been confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction studies.
Effects of polyaminosiloxane on the structure and properties of modified waterborne polyurethane
Authors: Xu Chengshu , OuYang Lei , Cai Zaisheng , Ren Yan , Lu Shaofeng , Shi Wenzhao 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTA waterborne polyurethane (WPU) prepolymer was synthesized with poly(tetramethylene glycol) to form the soft segment, dimethylolpropionic acid as a hydrophilic chain extender, and isophorone diisocyanate. Moreover, the graft and block copolymer emulsification of WPU–polysiloxane and their films was carried out through reactions between the WPU prepolymer, aminoethyl aminopropyl dimethicone (AEAPS), and a linear polyether‐blocked amino silicone (LEPS), respectively. The properties of the structure and formed films of the WPU were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic thermomechanical analysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy; the measurement of the water contact angle; the testing of the water absorption; and so on. The WPU–polysiloxane emulsion showed a high stability, and the molecular weight of WPU increased. Moreover, the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of the soft segment of polysiloxane that was incorporated into the WPU shifted to a lower temperature range, whereas the Tg of the hard segment shifted to a higher temperature range, and the crystallinity of the WPU–polysiloxane film was reduced. There was a greater degree of crosslinking and accumulation of polysiloxane segments on the surface of the WPU emulsion that was modified with AEAPS in comparison to the LEPS‐modified WPU emulsion. Therefore, the water resistance of the AEAPS‐modified WPU was higher than that of the LEPS‐modified WPU. The rigidity and elasticity of the WPU–polysiloxane film improved, whereas its tensile strength did not change much after AEAPS was used. However, this was not true after LEPS was used, as the tensile strength decreased significantly. Nevertheless, the flexibility and plasticity of the WPU–polysiloxane film were enhanced after LEPS was used. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47226.
Controlling drug delivery from polymer microspheres by exploiting the complex interrelationship of excipient and drug crystallization
Authors: Shpigel Tal , Cohen Taguri Gili , Lewitus Dan Y. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTSemicrystalline polymers are often used as macromolecular excipients in active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)‐delivery systems. In such systems, the morphological structure and crystalline characteristics of the excipient have a direct impact upon the drug‐delivery rate. In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL)‐based microspheres prepared via melt‐printing were loaded with 10, 30, and 50% ibuprofen (IBU). In vitro release studies showed that, for a constant amount of IBU, the API was released fastest from the 30%‐loaded microspheres, followed by the 50%‐ and 10%‐loaded microspheres. The discrepancy in these release rates was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, and thermodynamic analyses, revealing the complex morphological and crystalline interrelationships of PCL and IBU. Although it is generally accepted that the degree of crystallinity of the excipient is the main factor controlling the release of the API, we found that the crystallite size of the small‐molecule API is of primary importance. Moreover, these factors, which are controllable via the parameters used in melt‐based preparation, can be exploited to tune drug‐release rates. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47227.
Effect of thermal ratcheting on the mechanical properties of Teflon and fiber based gasket materials
Authors: Kanthabhabha Jeya Rahul Palaniappan , Bouzid Abdel‐Hakim 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the effect of thermal ratcheting on the material properties of expand polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), virgin polytetrafluoroethylene (vPTFE), and compressed nonasbestos fiber (CNA) gasket materials. Comparison between the creep strain at constant temperature and when subjected to thermal ratcheting show a 7.7 and 28% increase in the creep strain of ePTFE and vPTFE, respectively. In addition, thermal ratcheting produces a substantial reduction of creep modulus of these materials. The CNA material does not exhibit significant change in creep strain or in creep modulus with thermal ratcheting. However, all three gasket materials show a momentous raise in the creep strain when the material temperature is reduced. On declining the gasket temperature from 212 to 100 °F at the end of 20th thermal cycle, the materials—ePTFE, vPTFE, and CNA exhibit 27, 48, and 15% increase in creep strain value, respectively. The percentage of thickness reduction raises with the increase of cyclic temperature and with increase of creep pre‐exposure time, except for CNA where only a small variation is observed. The coefficient of thermal expansion of both PTFE materials shows a significant change due to cyclic temperature and initial creep exposure. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47265.
The Belt and Road Initiative: What is in it for China?
Authors: Johnston Lauren A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChina's outbound investment exceeded inbound investment for the first time in 2015. In years leading up this transition, a maturing demographic transition alongside slowing internal migration and diminishing returns to physical capital investment, all had a role in China's diminished competitiveness in low‐wage manufactured exports and the fading of the related growth model. In that context, the 2013 launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) took place in two stages in two developing countries, Kazakhstan and Indonesia. These launch choices, and the BRI in general are herein elaborated in terms of economic history, geography, and demography. The BRI in turn is considered to be aiming to foster the ongoing development of China, and in doing so also seeks to instigate new era development opportunity for other developing countries. One facilitation channel for the latter is China's concept of “patient capital,” essentially concessional capital, or foreign aid. For China that offers a means via which to internationalise the financial sector and also the Renminbi. Lessons from China's own use of foreign aid and economic development hence serve as an important reference for ongoing scoping of the shape and trajectory of the BRI. To that end, this article sheds light on what is in the BRI for China.