bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nano‐engineering of high‐performance PA6.6 nanocomposites by the integration of CVD‐grown carbon fiber on graphene as a bicomponent reinforcement by melt‐compounding
Authors: Cakal Sarac Elcin , Haghighi Poudeh Leila , Seyyed Monfared Zanjani Jamal , Pehlivan Zeki Semih , Cebeci Fevzi Çakmak , Aydin Ismail , Menceloglu Yusuf , Saner Okan Burcu 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, long carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were grown on graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique to develop three‐dimensional (3D) bicomponent nanostructures. The structure and properties of graphene before and after CVD process were investigated in details. X‐ray photoelectron analysis depicted the formation of Fe‐C bonds by the deposition of carbon atoms on the catalyst surface of Fe2O3. This hybrid additive was firstly used as a reinforcing agent in melt compounding to fabricate PA6.6‐based nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. Both GNP and CNF‐GNP have enough surface oxygen functional groups to improve the interfacial interactions with polyamide matrix and thus provide good wettability. Also, both neat GNP and its bicomponent additive with CNF also acted as a nucleating agent and allowed the crystal growth in nanocomposite structure. Homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles was achieved by using thermokinetic mixer during compounding by applying high shear rates. Mechanical results showed that 23 and 34% improvement in flexural and tensile modulus values, respectively, was attained by the addition of 0.5 wt % CNF‐GNP hybrid additive. The heat distortion temperature and Vicat softening temperature of the resulting PA6.6 nanocomposites were improved compared to neat PA6.6 material indicating performance enhancement at higher service temperature conditions. CNF was successfully grown on Fe‐loaded GNP by CVD method and this hybrid additive was compounded with PA6.6 by melt‐mixing process. Mechanical results showed that 34% improvement in tensile modulus value was attained by the addition of 0.5 wt % CNF‐GNP hybrid additive because it acted as a nucleating agent and allowed the crystal growth in the nanocomposite structure. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48347.
Krüppel homolog 1 and E93: The doorkeeper and the key to insect metamorphosis
Authors: Belles Xavier 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInsect metamorphosis is regulated by two main hormones: ecdysone (20E), which promotes molting, and juvenile hormone (JH), which inhibits adult morphogenesis. The transduction mechanisms for the respective hormonal signals include the transcription factors Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr‐h1) and E93, which are JH‐ and 20E‐dependent, respectively. Kr‐h1 is the main effector of the antimetamorphic action of JH, while E93 is a key promoter of metamorphosis. The ancestral regulatory axis of metamorphosis, which operates in insects with hemimetabolan (gradual) metamorphosis and is known as the MEKRE93 pathway, is based on Kr‐h1 repression of E93. In the last juvenile stage, when the production of JH dramatically decreases, Kr‐h1 expression is almost completely interrupted, E93 becomes upregulated and metamorphosis proceeds. The holometabolan (complete) metamorphosis mode of development includes the peculiar pupal stage, a sort of intermediate between the final larval instar and the adult stage. In holometabolan species, Broad‐Complex (BR‐C) transcription factors determine the pupal stage and E93 stimulates the expression of BR‐C in the prepupa. The MEKRE93 pathway is conserved in holometabolan insects, which have added the E93/BR‐C interaction loop to the ancestral (hemimetabolan) pathway during the evolution from hemimetaboly to holometaboly.
Cannabis and the developing brain: What does the evidence say?
Authors: Jacobus Joanna , Courtney Kelly E. , Hodgdon Elizabeth A. , Baca Rachel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCannabis use during adolescence has been linked to deleterious effects on brain integrity. This article summarizes findings from two prospective investigations (3 and 6 years, on average) on adolescent cannabis use from our laboratory that utilize structural neuroimaging and neurocognitive assessment approaches. Across most studies, findings suggest recency, frequency, and age of onset of cannabis use are likely key variables in predicting poorer neural health outcomes. There is some evidence that preexisting differences in brain architecture may also contribute to vulnerability and outcome differences. Ongoing large‐scale prospective studies of youth will be able to disentangle how both cannabis use as well as pre and postexposure differences play a role in divergent outcomes among youth who use cannabis.
Can voluntary environmental regulation promote corporate technological innovation?
Authors: Jiang Zhenyu , Wang Zongjun , Zeng Yanqi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe impact of environmental regulation on technological innovation has been widely discussed in the academic circle. Based on the panel data of 403 Chinese manufacturing firms from 2010 to 2015, this paper explored the role of voluntary environmental regulation in technological innovation. The results showed the following: First, both voluntary environmental information disclosure and environmental management system certification had a positive effect on corporate innovation investment. Second, compared with the impact of environmental information disclosure, the impact of environmental management system certification on corporate innovation investment was more significant. Third, there was a significant positive interaction between environmental information disclosure and environmental management system certification. Finally, the effect of voluntary environmental regulation on corporate technological innovation in heavily polluting industries was stronger than that in lightly polluting industries.
Fluorescence‐based discrimination of breast cancer cells by direct exposure to 5‐aminolevulinic acid
Authors: Morita Midori , Tanaka Hideo , Kumamoto Yasuaki , Nakamura Akihiro , Harada Yoshinori , Ogata Takehiro , Sakaguchi Koichi , Taguchi Tetsuya , Takamatsu Tetsuro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProtoporphyrin IX‐fluorescence measurement is a powerful in situ approach for cancer detection after oral/topical administration of 5‐aminolevulinic acid. However, this approach has not been clinically established for breast cancer, probably due to insufficient delivery of 5‐aminolevulinic acid to the mammary glands. In the present study, we directly exposed breast cancer cells to 5‐aminolevulinic acid to assess their discrimination via protoporphyrin IX‐fluorescence. Fluorescence intensity (FI) was measured in the human breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 and breast epithelial cell line MCF10A by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. After 5‐aminolevulinic acid exposure for 2 hours, protoporphyrin IX‐FI in MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells significantly increased with marked cell‐to‐cell variability, whereas that in MCF10A cells increased moderately. Combined exposure of the cancer cells to 5‐aminolevulinic acid and Ko143, a specific inhibitor of ATP‐binding cassette transporter G2, further increased protoporphyrin IX‐FI and alleviated the cell‐to‐cell variability in MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells, indicating improvement in the reproducibility and accuracy for fluorescence‐based cancer detection. The increased FI by combined administration of these two drugs was also demonstrated in cells obtained via fine needle aspiration from mouse xenograft models inoculated with MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Furthermore, a cutoff value for increased protoporphyrin IX‐FI ratio, before and after exposure to these drugs, clearly discriminated between cancer and noncancer cells. Taken together, direct exposure to 5‐aminolevulinic acid and Ko143 may be a promising strategy for efficient fluorescence‐based detection of breast cancer cells ex vivo using fine needle aspiration.
Discrimination of Different Parts of Saffron by Metabolomic‐Based Ultra‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High‐Definition Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Xu Shuya , Ge Xiaojin , Li Shimin , Guo Xiaoyang , Dai Dandan , Yang Tiegang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, the metabolite profiling of three different parts of Crocus sativus L. was measured by using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTof‐MS/MS). Multivariate statistical analysis was used to distinguish among the samples from different parts. A total of 54 compounds were identified in tepals, stigmas and stamens by UPLC‐QTof‐MS/MS. The results stated that chemical characteristics of saffron were obviously diverse in terms of the parts of flower. Through analysis, coniferin and crocin‐2 were special components in stigmas when compared to tepals and stamens. The content of flavonoids was high in tepals when compared with the stigmas. The tepal of saffron may processed as a source of flavonoids in the future. The research provided the basis for the theory that only the stigma can be used as medicine.
Chemical and Biological Aspects of Garcinol and Isogarcinol: Recent Developments
Authors: Schobert Rainer , Biersack Bernhard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe natural polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivatives garcinol and isogarcinol are secondary plant metabolites isolated from various Garcinia species including Garcinia indica. This review takes stock of the recent chemical and biological research into these interesting natural compounds over the last five years. New biological sources and chemical syntheses are discussed followed by new insights into the activity of garcinol and isogarcinol against cancer, pathogenic bacteria, parasite infections and various inflammatory diseases.
A Spontaneous Ring‐Opening Reaction Leads to a Repair‐Resistant Thymine Oxidation Product in Genomic DNA
Authors: Sahakyan Aleksandr B. , Mahtey Areeb , Kawasaki Fumiko , Balasubramanian Shankar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe alphabet of modified DNA bases goes beyond the conventional four letters, with biological roles being found for many such modifications. Herein, we describe the observation of a modified thymine base that arises from spontaneous N1−C2 ring opening of the oxidation product 5‐formyl uracil, after N3 deprotonation. We first observed this phenomenon in silico through ab initio calculations, followed by in vitro experiments to verify its formation at a mononucleoside level and in a synthetic DNA oligonucleotide context. We show that the new base modification (Trex, thymine ring expunged) can form under physiological conditions, and is resistant to the action of common repair machineries. Furthermore, we found cases of the natural existence of Trex while screening a number of human cell types and mESC (E14), thus suggesting potential biological relevance of this modification.
Synthesis of Functional 3‐Buten‐1‐ynes and 1,3‐Butadienes with Silsesquioxane Moiety via Hydrosilylation of 1,3‐Diynes
Authors: Stefanowska Kinga , Franczyk Adrian , Szyling Jakub , Walkowiak Jędrzej 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHighly effective procedures for the addition of one or two molecules of 1‐dimethylsiloxy‐3,5,7,9,11,13,15‐heptaisobutylpentacyclo‐[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane ((HSiMe2O)(i‐Bu)7Si8O12, (1)) to the symmetrically 1,4‐disubstituted 1,3‐diynes have been successfully developed for the first time. As a result, novel silsesquioxanes bearing substituents such as CH3, t‐Bu, (CH3)2OSi(CH3)3, C6H5, C6H4Br‐4, C6H4(BO2C2(CH3)4)‐4, OH, COOCH3, and morpholino were obtained and characterized by 1H, 13C, 29Si NMR and mass spectrometry. Detailed optimization of reaction conditions was performed with a wide range of temperatures, in the presence of various types of catalysts and ratios of reagents, to obtain complex information about the process selectivity and develop efficient methods for synthesizing targeted compounds. It was found that precisely optimized approaches provided 3‐buten‐1‐ynes or 1,3‐butadienes with high yields, without decomposition of other reactive functionalities presented in the molecule structure. Due to the presence of reactive functional groups, the resulting compounds constituted a new silsesquioxane family characterized by unique structures and potential applications.
Three‐Dimensional Interconnected Porous Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Hybrid Foam for Notably Promoted Direct Dehydrogenation of Ethylbenzene to Styrene
Authors: Ge Guifang , Liu Hongyang , Zhao Zhongkui 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOwning to the high corrosion‐resistance, stable structure, unique surface properties and sustainability, the carbon‐base catalysts have attracted increasing interest in heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we report a facile combining strategy to fabricate a novel three‐dimensional (3D) interconnected porous nitrogen‐doped carbon hybrid foam featuring with the interconnected nitrogen‐doped carbon foam coated by porous nitrogen‐doped carbon (NCMS@NCGlu‐NH4Cl) by annealing the freeze‐dried NH4Cl‐glucose containing aqueous solution soaked melamine sponge (MS@Glu/NH4Cl). The as‐prepared NCMS@NCGlu‐NH4Cl hybrid foam shows 1.6 times high steady‐state styrene rate (4.77 mmol g−1 h−1) with 96.4 % of selectivity for direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene as compared to the well‐established nanodiamond. This work not only generates an excellent carbon catalyst to replace the established nanodiamond for direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene, but also opens up a potential avenue for designing novel carbon materials towards the adsorption and supercapacitor besides acting as a promising catalyst for diverse transformations.
Erstes Design und Einsatz 3D‐gedruckter Strukturen in Blasensäulenreaktoren
Authors: Hecht Corinna , Grünewald Marcus 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEine Methode, bei der neuartige, über additive Fertigung hergestellte Strukturen in Blasensäulen eingebracht werden, um die Wechselwirkungskette der Einflussgrößen auf makroskopischer und mikroskopischer Skala aufzulösen, wird vorgestellt. Einen vielversprechenden, neuartigen Ansatz stellen dabei Strukturen dar, die mithilfe pulverbasierter additiver Fertigung hergestellt werden. In dieser Arbeit wird der Einfluss der Strukturierung in Blasensäulen auf die fluiddynamischen Parameter Gasgehaltsverteilung, Stofftransport und Flüssigkeitsgeschwindigkeit untersucht.
Zeit für den neuen Kugelhahn
Authors:   CITplus
Published: August 2019

AbstractGF Piping Systems (GFPS) hat den weiterentwickelten Kuglhahn 546 vorgestellt. Die Absperrarmatur kombiniert bewährtes Design mit zusätzlichen Antriebs‐ sowie digitalen Vernetzungs‐ und Steuerungsmöglichkeiten.
Rohr frei!
Authors: Zilm David 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEin neuartiges Reinigungsverfahren für Rohrleitungen in Produktions‐ und Abfüllanlagen bietet jetzt Vink Chemicals in Zusammenarbeit mit R+B Technik an. Gegenüber bisherigen Methoden soll es eine deutlich bessere Reinigungsleistung erzielen. Es verursache dabei weniger Abwasser, senke den Energieverbrauch und ermögliche flexibel an die Verschmutzung angepasste Reinigungsprogramme.
Reinigung 4.0
Authors: Eckert Nora 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSeit Kurzem setzt die Wisag Industrie Service Gruppe, einer der führenden Industriedienstleister Deutschlands, bei der Reinigung und Instandhaltung von Kanälen und Rohrleitungen in Leuna auf Innovation: Der Roboter „Jetty“ reinigt und inspiziert Orte, bei denen dies sonst nur mit größerem Aufwand möglich ist. Dank seiner einzigartigen Konstruktion gelangt er problemlos in schwer zugängliche Bereiche lüftungstechnischer Anlagen, von Küchen‐ und Industrieabzügen sowie Kanälen und Rohrleitungen in der Petro‐ und Pharmaindustrie.
Immunocytochemistry for ARID1A as a potential biomarker in urine cytology of bladder cancer
Authors: Dugas Sarah G. , Müller David C. , Le Magnen Clémentine , Federer‐Gsponer Joel , Seifert Hans‐Helge , Ruiz Christian , Savic Prince Spasenija , Vlajnic Tatjana , Zellweger Tobias , Mertz Kirsten D. , Bacon Jack V. W. , Wyatt Alexander W. , Rentsch Cyrill A. , Bubendorf Lukas 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundMutations of AT‐rich interactive domain 1 (ARID1A) have been associated with a worse outcome after intravesical treatment with bacille Calmette‐Guérin in patients with non–muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Loss of ARID1A protein expression in urine cytology may serve as an indication of an ARID1A mutation. Therefore, the authors examined the expression of ARID1A in urine cytology and histological specimens of bladder cancer for correlation with ARID1A mutational status.MethodsThe authors constructed a tissue microarray containing samples from 164 tissue samples from 150 patients with NMIBC and 100 tissue samples from 81 patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. A second cohort consisted of archived cytological specimens and matched tissue sections from 62 patients with high‐grade NMIBC. The authors established immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry (ICC) protocols, respectively, for the analysis of ARID1A protein expression in histological and cytological specimens. Confirmatory next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on tumor specimens using a targeted NGS panel containing all exonic regions of ARID1A.ResultsThe prevalence of ARID1A loss of expression on the tissue microarray was 3.6% in NMIBC (6 of 164 tissue samples) and 10% in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (10 of 100 tissue samples) (P = .059). Loss of ARID1A expression in cytology was concordantly immunohistochemistry negative in 6 of 8 matched tissue specimens. NGS confirmed an ARID1A mutation on all 6 histology samples with loss of ARID1A expression. When NGS demonstrated an absence of ARID1A mutation, histology was concordantly positive (16 of 16 cases).ConclusionsThe authors have suggest ARID1A ICC as a promising surrogate marker for ARID1A mutational status in patients with urothelial carcinoma. Pitfalls in ICC scoring include benign umbrella cells that often are negative for ARID1A. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the clinical relevance of ARID1A ICC in urinary cytology.
Improvement of physical and oral function in community‐dwelling older people after a 3‐month long‐term care prevention program including physical exercise, oral health instruction, and nutritional guidance
Authors: Iwao Yoshimi , Shigeishi Hideo , Takahashi Shouichi , Uchida Shino , Kawano Shirou , Sugiyama Masaru 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThere is limited evidence about the most appropriate way to improve physical and oral function in older people. The aim of this study was to clarify the effectiveness of a long‐term care prevention program combining physical exercise, oral health instruction, and nutritional guidance among community‐dwelling older people.Materials and methodsWe included 43 older people aged at least 65 years (seven men and 23 women; mean age 75.3 years) in Bungotakada City, Japan. The 3‐month program involved a weekly intervention. Physical and oral function was investigated on the first day of the program (i.e., baseline) and at the end of the program (i.e., after 3 months). Physical function was examined using measures such as handgrip strength, timed up‐and‐go test, and one‐leg standing time with eyes open. An oral diadochokinesis test was used to assess oral function.ResultsMean maximum handgrip strength increased significantly in older people aged ≤74 years (younger participants) and those aged ≥75 years (older participants) after 3 months compared with the baseline. The timed up‐and‐go test duration was significantly lower in older participants after the program. Repetition of the monosyllables pa and ka and the repetitive saliva swallowing test was significantly improved in both groups. The dysphagia risk assessment for the community‐dwelling elderly score was significantly lower in younger participants after 3 months.ConclusionParticipation in a 3‐month program combining physical exercise, oral health instruction, and nutritional guidance may contribute to improvement or maintenance of oral and physical function in older people.
Corporate social responsibility practices incomes and outcomes: Stakeholders' pressure, culture, employee commitment, corporate reputation, and brand performance. A Polish–German cross‐country study
Authors: Kowalczyk Rafał , Kucharska Wioleta 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study aims to compare employee perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practice incomes and outcomes in the construction industry in Poland and Germany. It proposes a model that examines the influence of stakeholder pressure, culture, and CSR practices on company brand performance, reputation, and employee identification. The findings suggest that the structure of relationships varies for project‐managed construction companies in a developed country such as Germany and a rapidly transformed Poland. The structural equation modeling method was adopted to analyze the differences between the structures of relationships using AMOS and Process software. The key finding reveals that stakeholder pressure can lead to consistent CSR‐oriented system in the business environment. This study was first conducted in 2018 and then replicated in 2019 to confirm the results with 1,674 cases. The novelty essence is the comparison of the Polish and German structure of CSR practice incomes and outcomes related to employee perception.
Dithiolene Complexes of First‐Row Transition Metals for Symmetric Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Hogue Ross W. , Armstrong Craig G. , Toghill Kathryn E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFive metal complexes of the dithiolene ligand maleonitriledithiolate (mnt2−) with M=V, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu were studied as redox‐active materials for nonaqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs). All five complexes exhibit at least two redox processes, making them applicable to symmetric RFBs as single‐species electrolytes, that is, as both negolyte and posolyte. Charge–discharge cycling in a small‐scale RFB gave modest performances for [(tea)2Vmnt], [(tea)2Comnt], and [(tea)2Cumnt] whereas [(tea)Femnt] and [(tea)2Nimnt] (tea=tetraethylammonium) failed to hold any significant capacity, indicating poor stability. Independent negolyte‐ and posolyte‐only battery cycling of a single redox couple, as well as UV/Vis spectroscopy, showed that for [(tea)2Vmnt] the negolyte is stable whereas the posolyte is unstable over multiple charge–discharge cycles; for [(tea)2Comnt], [(tea)2Nimnt], and [(tea)2Cumnt], the negolyte suffers rapid capacity fading although the posolyte is more robust. Identifying a means to stabilize Vmnt3−/2− as a negolyte, and Comnt2−/1−, Nimnt2−/1−, and Cumnt2−/1− as posolytes could lead to their use in asymmetric RFBs.
Diverse Catalytic Systems and Mechanistic Pathways for Hydrosilylative Reduction of CO2
Authors: Chen Jiawei , McGraw Michael , Chen Eugene Y.‐X. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCatalytic hydrosilylation of carbon dioxide has emerged as a promising approach for carbon dioxide utilization. It allows the reductive transformation of carbon dioxide into value‐added products at the levels of formate, formaldehyde, methanol, and methane. Tremendous progress has been made in the area of carbon dioxide hydrosilylation since the first reports in 1981. This focus review describes recent advances in the design and catalytic performance of leading catalyst systems, including transition‐metal, main‐group, and transition‐metal/main‐group and main‐group/main‐group tandem catalysts. Emphasis is placed on discussions of key mechanistic features of these systems and efforts towards the development of more selective, efficient, and sustainable carbon dioxide hydrosilylation processes.