bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axion production in the η → ππa decay within SU(3) chiral perturbation theory
Authors: Wang Jin-Bao , Guo Zhi-Hui , Lu Zhun , Zhou Hai-Qing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study the axion and axion-like particle production from the η → ππa decay within the SU(3) chiral perturbation theory up to the one-loop level. The conventional SU(3) chiral low energy constants are found to be able to reabsorb all the divergences from the chiral loops in the η → ππa decay amplitude, and hence render the amplitude independent of the renormalization scale. The unitarized η → ππa decay amplitudes are constructed to take into account the ππ final-state interactions and also properly reproduce the perturbative results from the chiral perturbation theory. Detailed analyses between the perturbative amplitudes and the unitarized ones are given in the phenomenological discussions. By taking the values of the chiral low energy constants in literature, we predict the Dalitz distributions, the spectra of the ππ and aπ systems, and also the branching ratios of the η → ππa process by varying ma from 0 to mη − 2mπ.
Migration patterns, habitat use and genetic origins of sea trout (Salmo trutta) in Norfolk chalk streams: implications for management of a mixed stock fishery
Authors: Piper Adam T. , Rosewarne Paula J. , Bekkevold Dorte , Grey Jonathan , Nye Abbie , Wright Rosalind M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Sea trout, the anadromous ecotype of the species Salmo trutta, are subject to multiple threats, including exploitation and aquaculture impacts in the marine environment, habitat fragmentation and pollution in freshwaters, loss of genetic resilience due to interbreeding with hatchery strains and environmental change. Small streams contribute relatively little biomass to European sea trout stocks but are thought to be important in maintaining genetic diversity and therefore wider population resilience. The current study combined data from acoustic telemetry, stable isotopes, genetics and scalimetry to assess the current status of sea trout in the rivers Stiffkey and Glaven, two locally important chalkstreams in East Anglia, UK, to provide an evidence base for future management. The incidence of anadromy was low, and most sea trout were near migrants, residing in the lower reaches of rivers and close to the tidal outfalls. A small number migrated to the North Sea where they were vulnerable to exploitation in the coastal fishery, which comprises a mixed stock. Straying between the two rivers was recorded among 10% of sea trout, leading to apparent high gene flow. Nonetheless, genetic data also demonstrated structuring of River Glaven trout into two distinct groups. Quantification of patterns of freshwater and estuarine habitat use, and of passage at cross-channel obstructions, was used to identify where remedial measures such as habitat restoration would be most effectively targeted. Findings are discussed in the context of local supplementary stocking and the potential impact of the nearshore fishery on limited and vulnerable small stream anadromous trout populations.
Refixierung von osteochondralen Flake-Frakturen nach Patellaluxation – die Parachute-Technik
Authors: Vieider Romed P. , Siebenlist Sebastian , Fritsch Lorenz , Ellafi Ahmed , Ehmann Yannick , Mehl Julian 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Operationsziel
Patellaluxationen sind eine häufige Entität in der orthopädischen Praxis und gehen in bis zu 58 % der Fälle mit osteochondralen Frakturen der retropatellaren Knorpeloberfläche, sog. Flake-Frakturen, einher. Die Parachute-Technik stellt eine einfache und kosteneffektive chirurgische Option dar, die im Rahmen der operativen Versorgung dieser Verletzung darauf abzielt, die osteochondrale Integration wiederherzustellen und den nativen Knorpel zu erhalten.

Indikationen
Flake-Fraktur der Patella mit osteochondralen Fragmenten.

Kontraindikationen
Patellafraktur.

Operationstechnik
Durch den Einsatz von transpatellaren, resorbierbaren Nahtmaterialien wird eine stabile osteochondrale Schnittstelle erreicht, ohne das Fragment selbst zu durchdringen.

Weiterbehandlung
Die postoperative Behandlung beinhaltet eine teilweise Belastung mit maximal 20 kg für 6 Wochen in vollständiger Kniestreckung. Zusätzlich ist der Bewegungsumfang der Kniebeugung auf 30° begrenzt und wird alle 2 Wochen um 30° erhöht.

Ergebnisse
Zur Beurteilung der kurz- bis mittelfristigen klinischen Ergebnisse wurden alle Patienten mit akuter Patellaluxation eingeschlossen, die zwischen 01/2012 und 11/2022 mittels Parachute-Technik versorgt wurden. Die klinischen Ergebnisse wurden mit der visuellen Analogskala (VAS), der Tegner-Aktivitätsskala (TAS), dem Kujala-Score, dem Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) und dem International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) erhoben. Von insgesamt 20 Patienten konnten 19 (10 männlich, 11 rechtsseitig, 95 % Follow-up-Rate) für die Nachuntersuchung erreicht werden. Der durchschnittliche Follow-up-Zeitraum betrug 62,5 ± 20,5 Monate. Die klinischen Outcome-Scores resultierten in folgenden Ergebnissen: VAS 0,5 ± 1,6; TAS 5,8 ± 2,2; Kujala 89,4 ± 12,5; KOOS 87,8 ± 14,1 und IKDC 86,7 ± 14,3. Insgesamt gaben 18 Patienten (90,0 %) an, dass sie den Eingriff erneut durchführen lassen würden. Zum Zeitpunkt der Nachuntersuchung waren 19 Patienten (95,0 %) mit dem Operationsergebnis zufrieden. Ein Patient (männlich, 23 Jahre alt) benötigte eine Revision. Keiner der eingeschlossenen Patienten hatte eine erneute Patellaluxation. Zusammenfassend lässt sich schließen, dass die Parachute-Technik bei akuter Patellaluxation eine sehr gute klinische Funktion im kurz- bis mittelfristigen Follow-up aufweist.
El Zorro: early Jurassic intrusion-related gold (IRG) mineralization in the oldest, western-most segment of the Andean Cordillera of Northern Chile
Authors: Fritis Eduardo , Oliver Nicholas H. S. , Rowe Michael C. , Rowland Julie V. , Reeves Zeffron C. , Huang Huiqing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe El Zorro gold district is the most recent gold discovery in the Coastal Cordillera of northern Chile. Ternera is the largest deposit in the district with total resources currently estimated at 1.282 Moz. New geology, geochemistry and geochronology data indicate that hydrothermal mineralization is mostly hosted within felsic to intermediate, ilmenite-bearing calc-alkaline dikes and stocks of the Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic Relincho Pluton, and some of the adjacent Devonian to Carboniferous metasediments of the Chañaral Epimetamorphic Complex. Sheeted veins, veinlets, and fault zones with quartz, low amounts of pyrite, pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite, and local calcite are surrounded by narrow haloes of albite-biotite-quartz ± sulfides-K-feldspar-sericite-chlorite. Gold (mostly in the veins) is associated with elevated W-Bi and also As-Te-Sn, and not with iron enrichment or base metals, even though this system is proximal (~ 20 km) to IOCG and IOA deposits of the Coastal Cordillera. The main phase of gold mineralization occurred soon after emplacement of tonalitic dikes and granodiorite from the Relincho and Cuevitas plutons (U–Pb zircon between ~ 205 and 190 Ma), about 80 m.y. later than the development of orogenic fabrics. An absolute upper age limit is provided by compositionally distinct ore-cutting mafic dikes dated at 175–170 Ma (U–Pb apatite). The deposit falls into the intrusion-related gold category, as indicated by the cutting of earlier orogenic fabrics, the metal and alteration associations, and the spatial and temporal connection to reduced ilmenite-series intrusions, which are also very similar geochemically to the ‘type-locality’ IRG intrusions of the Tintina Belt in Yukon/Alaska. The El Zorro gold district represents the oldest and geologically western-most mineralizing event in the Central Andes of northern Chile, consistent with its time–space placement within the tectonic framework of easterly-younging mineralization and igneous activity in the Chilean Cordillera.
Access to psychological therapies amongst patients with a mental health diagnosis in primary care: a data linkage study
Authors: Catalao Raquel , Broadbent Matthew , Ashworth Mark , Das-Munshi Jayati , L. Hatch Stephani , Hotopf Matthew , Dorrington Sarah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Significant numbers of people in England have fallen into a gap between primary care psychological therapies and specialist mental health services. We aim to examine pathways to care by looking at demographic variation in detection and referral to primary and secondary psychological services in south London.

Methods
Longitudinal descriptive study using a record linkage between a primary care database (Lambeth DataNet) and a secondary care mental health database (CRIS). We extracted data on mental health diagnosis, prescriptions and episodes of care in mental health services for all patients of working age registered from 1 January 2008 to 1 March 2018 (pre-covid era).

Results
Of those with a mental disorder detected in primary care (n = 110,419; 26.8%); 33.7% (n = 37,253) received no treatment; 21.3% (n = 23,548) exclusively accessed psychological treatment within NHS Talking Therapies and 7.6% accessed secondary care psychological therapies. People from minoritised groups were more likely to be prescribed psychotropic medication as the only treatment offered compared to the White British group. Men, Black African and Asian groups were less likely to access NHS Talking Therapies. People with a personality disorder diagnosis had the highest prevalence and number of NHS Talking Therapies treatment episodes (48.0%, n = 960), a similar percentage (44.1%, n = 881) received secondary care psychology treatment.

Conclusion
Our study highlights marked inequalities in access to psychological therapies for men and people from some minoritised ethnic groups across primary and secondary care and how individuals with personality disorders are offered multiple short-term courses in NHS Talking Therapies even where this is not recommended treatment.
Topology optimization of link mechanisms for comprehensive synthesis of component arrangement and structure using micropolar elasticity model
Authors: Sayo Yurika , Yamada Takayuki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a method for topology optimization of link mechanisms with multiple outputs, using a multi-material micropolar elasticity model. This approach allows for comprehensive optimization of both the arrangement and structure of the link mechanism components. By utilizing a continuum model that incorporates micropolar elasticity, we can specify bending stiffness independently from tensile stiffness, resulting in deformation characteristics that approximate a link mechanism. The optimization problem of designing link mechanisms for multiple outputs is reformulated as a boundary value problem within this model framework. The design goal is to synthesize a link mechanism that not only follows a desired path but also possesses the required degrees of freedom. To achieve this, the objective function is defined by the displacement error under external force and the strain energy in the links. The multi-material micropolar elasticity model is then optimized through a gradient-based optimization method, focusing on this objective function. The effectiveness and applicability of our methodology are demonstrated through several numerical case studies.
Linear Programming with Unitary-Equivariant Constraints
Authors: Grinko Dmitry , Ozols Maris 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnitary equivariance is a natural symmetry that occurs in many contexts in physics and mathematics. Optimization problems with such symmetry can often be formulated as semidefinite programs for a $$d^{p+q}$$

d

p
+
q

-dimensional matrix variable that commutes with $$U^{\otimes p} \otimes {\bar{U}}^{\otimes q}$$

U

⊗
p

⊗

U

¯

⊗
q

, for all $$U \in \textrm{U}(d)$$

U
∈
U
(
d
)

. Solving such problems naively can be prohibitively expensive even if $$p+q$$

p
+
q

is small but the local dimension d is large. We show that, under additional symmetry assumptions, this problem reduces to a linear program that can be solved in time that does not scale in d, and we provide a general framework to execute this reduction under different types of symmetries. The key ingredient of our method is a compact parametrization of the solution space by linear combinations of walled Brauer algebra diagrams. This parametrization requires the idempotents of a Gelfand–Tsetlin basis, which we obtain by adapting a general method inspired by the Okounkov–Vershik approach. To illustrate potential applications of our framework, we use several examples from quantum information: deciding the principal eigenvalue of a quantum state, quantum majority vote, asymmetric cloning and transformation of a black-box unitary. We also outline a possible route for extending our method to general unitary-equivariant semidefinite programs.
Mapping and Analyzing Ecosystem Services Hotspots and Coldspots for Sustainable Spatial Planning in the Greater Asmara Area, Eritrea
Authors: Adem Esmail Blal , Cortinovis Chiara , Geneletti Davide , Inostroza Luis , Peters Riccardo , Romelli Claudia , Schulze Isabel , Tecle-Misghina Belula , Teklemariam Medhane , Wang Jingxia , Albert Christian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Rapid urbanization in African metropolises like the Greater Asmara Area, Eritrea, poses numerous environmental challenges, including soil sealing, loss of vegetation cover, threats to protected natural areas, and climate change, among others. Mapping and assessing ecosystem services, particularly analyzing their spatial and temporal distribution is crucial for sustainable spatial planning. This study aims at mapping and analyzing ecosystem services hotspots and coldspots dynamics in the Greater Asmara Area to identify recent trends and opportunities for enhancing ecosystem services supply. Utilizing remote sensing images, we produced land cover maps for 2009 and 2020 and mapped six ecosystem services through a lookup table approach. The study includes provisioning, regulating and maintenance, and cultural ecosystem services. We analyzed their spatio-temporal variations, identifying ecosystem services hotspots and coldspots and their changes over time. Results show that overall ecosystem services potential in the Greater Asmara Area remains low but stable, with some improvements. By 2020, areas with no ecosystem services potential decreased in southern regions like Gala Nefhi and Berik, and new hotspots and coldspots emerged in central Gala Nefhi. This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility and key challenges of the ecosystem services hotspots and coldspots approach for sustainable spatial planning in rapidly urbanizing African metropolitan regions. Despite limitations, the study offers valuable insights into ecosystem services potentials, and related hotspots and coldspots dynamics, raising awareness and paving the way for further research and application.
Inter-reader agreement of the BI-RADS CEM lexicon
Authors: Zarcaro Calogero , Santonocito Ambra , Zeitouni Layla , Ferrara Francesca , Kapetas Panagiotis , Milos Ruxandra-Iulia , Helbich Thomas H. , Baltzer Pascal A. T. , Clauser Paola 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the inter-reader agreement of the breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) lexicon.

Materials and methods
In this IRB-approved, single-center, retrospective study, three breast radiologists, each with different levels of experience, reviewed 462 lesions in 421 routine clinical CEM according to the fifth edition of the BI-RADS lexicon for mammography and to the first version of the BI-RADS lexicon for CEM. Readers were blinded to patient outcomes and evaluated breast and lesion features on low-energy (LE) images (breast density, type of lesion, associated architectural distortion), lesion features on recombined (RC) images (type of enhancement, characteristic of mass enhancement, non-mass enhancement or enhancing asymmetry), and provided a final BI-RADS assessment. The inter-reader agreement was calculated for each evaluated feature using Fleiss’ kappa coefficient. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated.

Results
The inter-reader agreement was moderate to substantial for breast density (ĸ = 0.569), type of lesion on LE images (ĸ = 0.654), and type of enhancement (ĸ = 0.664). There was a moderate to substantial agreement on CEM mass enhancement descriptors. The agreement was fair to moderate for non-mass enhancement and enhancing asymmetry descriptors. Inter-reader agreement for LE and LE with RC BI-RADS assessment was moderate (ĸ = 0.421) and fair (ĸ = 0.364). Diagnostic performance was good and comparable for all readers.

Conclusion
Inter-reader agreement of the CEM lexicon was moderate to substantial for most features. There was a low agreement for some RC descriptors, such as non-mass enhancement and enhancing asymmetry, and BI-RADS assessment, but this did not impact the diagnostic performance.

Key Points
QuestionData on the reproducibility and inter-reader agreement for the first version of the BI-RADS lexicon dedicated to CEM are missing.
FindingThe inter-reader agreement for the lexicon was overall substantial to moderate, but it was lower for the descriptors for non-mass enhancement and enhancing asymmetry.
Clinical relevanceA common lexicon simplifies communication between specialists in clinical practice. The good inter-reader agreement confirms the effectiveness of the CEM-BIRADS in ensuring consistent communication. Detailed definitions of some descriptors (non-mass, enhancing asymmetry) are needed to ensure higher agreements.
Pattern formation on regular polygons and circles
Authors: Woolley Thomas E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We investigate the formation of Turing patterns on regular polygonal domains, as the number of edges grow, leading to the limiting case of the circle. Using linear and weakly nonlinear analysis, and evidence by simulations, we demonstrate how the domain shape can fundamentally change the expected bifurcation structure. Specifically, on the square domain we are able to derive pitchfork bifurcations for stripe and spot solutions, as well as show that both branches cannot bifurcate to produce stable patterns. This compares with the case of the equilateral triangle domain that causes the Turing bifurcation to be generically transcritical and, in some cases, none of the bifurcating branches are stable. Moreover, we find a monotonically increasing, but nonlinear relationship, between the minimal bifurcation area and the number of edges. Thus, patterns can occur on triangles with much smaller areas than circles. Overall, this work raises questions for researchers who are simulating applications on domains with simple shapes. Specifically, even small changes to domain geometry can have large impacts on the produced patterns; thus, domain perturbations should be considered in any sensitivity analyses.
Dissecting the dynamics of cell death pathways in Hirschsprung’s disease: a comparative analysis of viable and non-viable cells under proinflammatory conditions
Authors: Li Zhongwen , Hagens Johanna , Philippi Clara , Schmidt Hans Christian , Rohwäder Lucie , Schuppert Pauline , Pagerols Raluy Laia , Trochimiuk Magdalena , Reinshagen Konrad , Tomuschat Christian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The present study explores the dynamics of cell death in Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) and control (CO) groups under inflammatory stress conditions.

Methods
Using flow cytometry, we analyzed intestinal colonic organoid cultures derived from the ganglionic segment of the HSCR and CO groups. Our analysis focused on the quantification of RIPK1-independent and RIPK1-dependent apoptosis, as well as necroptosis in both viable and non-viable cells under acute and chronic inflammatory stress.

Results
Our findings indicate that HSCR cells are particularly vulnerable to inflammation during acute proinflammatory stress, as evidenced by an increase in dead cells (Zombie +). Under chronic conditions, adaptive changes are observed in both HSCR and CO groups, indicating survival mechanisms. These adaptations are uniquely altered in HSCR, suggesting an impaired response to chronic inflammation. HSCR cells show significantly decreased RIPK1-dependent apoptosis in acute scenarios compared to chronic ones, unlike the CO group, implying varied responses to different inflammatory stresses. In non-viable cells, considerable changes in RIPK1-dependent apoptosis under chronic conditions in HSCR indicate a heightened inflammatory response compared to CO.

Conclusion
This research provides insights into cell death regulation in HSCR under inflammatory stress by using patient-derived organoids, underscoring the complexity of its inflammatory response.
The impact of electronic cigarettes on the outcomes of total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Zaidi Hussain , Stammers John , Hafez Ahmed , Mitchell Philip , Alazzawi Sulaiman , Maris Alexandros , Maslaris Alexander 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Cigarette smoking is known to result in poorer outcomes for patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty. Smoking tobacco cigarettes in the perioperative period is associated with higher analgesia usage, increased mortality, poorer healing, and an increased risk of medical complications. As such, many surgeons advise their patients not to smoke in the perioperative period. Electronic cigarettes are emerging as a popular alternative for usage by patients who would otherwise continue to smoke traditional cigarettes. Importantly, there has been limited investigation into the impact of electronic cigarette usage on the outcomes of total joint arthroplasty. This review investigates the potential detrimental effects caused by the usage of electronic cigarettes on the outcomes of total joint arthroplasty.

Methods
A systematic review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA Guidelines. We have drawn from studies that investigated the impact of the constituents of E-cigarette vapour on bone health, wound healing, the immune system and the direct impact of electronic cigarette usage on surgical outcomes.

Results
Electronic cigarettes release nicotine in an inconsistent manner, resulting in many negative consequences for bone health. Furthermore, they depress the immune system, impair wound healing and may result in longer hospital stays.

Conclusions
Electronic cigarette usage should be monitored in the perioperative period to reduce the risk of complication. There is a pressing need for more comprehensive research in this area to fully understand the implications of EC usage on the outcomes of total joint arthroplasty.