bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilby: A User-friendly Bayesian Inference Library for
Gravitational-wave Astronomy
Authors: Ashton Gregory , Hübner Moritz , Lasky Paul D. , Talbot Colm , Ackley Kendall , Biscoveanu Sylvia , Chu Qi , Divakarla Atul , Easter Paul J. , Goncharov Boris , Vivanco Francisco Hernandez , Harms Jan , Lower Marcus E. , Meadors Grant D. , Melchor Denyz , Payne Ethan , Pitkin Matthew D. , Powell Jade , Sarin Nikhil , Smith Rory J. E. , Thrane Eric 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Bayesian parameter estimation is fast becoming the language of gravitational-wave
astronomy. It is the method by which gravitational-wave data is used to infer
the sources’ astrophysical properties. We introduce a user-friendly Bayesian
inference library for gravitational-wave astronomy, Bilby. This
Python code provides expert-level parameter estimation
infrastructure with straightforward syntax and tools that facilitate use by
beginners. It allows users to perform accurate and reliable gravitational-wave
parameter estimation on both real, freely available data from LIGO/Virgo and
simulated data. We provide a suite of examples for the analysis of compact
binary mergers and other types of signal models, including supernovae and the
remnants of binary neutron star mergers. These examples illustrate how to change
the signal model, implement new likelihood functions, and add new detectors.
Bilby has additional functionality to do population studies using
hierarchical Bayesian modeling. We provide an example in which we infer the
shape of the black hole mass distribution from an ensemble of observations of
binary black hole mergers.
Local Simulations of MRI turbulence with Meshless Methods
Authors: Deng Hongping , Mayer Lucio , Latter Henrik , Hopkins Philip F. , Bai Xue-Ning 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The magneto-rotational instability (MRI) is one of the most important processes in sufficiently ionized astrophysical disks. Grid-based simulations, especially those using the local shearing box approximation, provide a powerful tool to study the nonlinear turbulence the MRI produces. On the other hand, meshless methods have been widely used in cosmology, galactic dynamics, and planet formation, but have not been fully deployed on the MRI problem. We present local unstratified and vertically stratified MRI simulations with two meshless MHD schemes: a recent implementation of smoothed-particle magnetohydrodynamics (SPH MHD), and a meshless finite-mass (MFM) MHD scheme with constrained gradient divergence cleaning, as implemented in the GIZMO code. Concerning variants of the SPH hydro force formulation, we consider both the “vanilla” SPH and the PSPH variant included in GIZMO. We find, as expected, that the numerical noise inherent in these schemes significantly affects turbulence. Furthermore, a high-order kernel, free of the pairing instability, is necessary. Both schemes adequately simulate MRI turbulence in unstratified shearing boxes with net vertical flux. The turbulence, however, dies out in zero-net-flux unstratified boxes, probably due to excessive numerical dissipation. In zero-net-flux vertically stratified simulations, MFM can reproduce the MRI dynamo and its characteristic butterfly diagram for several tens of orbits before ultimately decaying. In contrast, extremely strong toroidal fields, as opposed to sustained turbulence, develop in equivalent simulations using SPH MHD. The latter unphysical state is likely caused by a combination of excessive artificial viscosity, numerical resistivity, and the relatively large residual errors in the divergence of the magnetic field.
Therapy with Biologic Agents After Diagnosis of Solid Malignancies: Results from the Corrona Registry
Authors: Pappas Dimitrios A. , Rebello Sabrina , Liu Mei , Schenfeld Jennifer , Li YouFu , Collier David H. , Accortt Neil A. 
Published: April 2019

Objective.Guidelines suggest that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with previously treated solid malignancy may be treated as patients without such history. The recommendation is based on limited evidence, and rheumatologists and patients are frequently hesitant to start or continue biologic therapy after a cancer diagnosis. The objective of this study was to describe biologic use in real-world patients with RA following a malignancy diagnosis.Methods.RA patients enrolled in the Corrona registry and diagnosed with solid malignancy with at least 1 followup visit within 12 months after diagnosis were included in this analysis. The proportion of patients continuing or initiating biological/targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD/tsDMARD) after diagnosis was estimated. Median time to initiation of bDMARD/tsDMARD after diagnosis was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the proportion initiating biologic treatment in 6-month time intervals was estimated using the life-table method.Results.There were 880 patients who met inclusion criteria with 2585 person-years total followup time postdiagnosis. Of those, 367 (41.7%) were treated with bDMARD/tsDMARD within 12 months preceding malignancy, of whom 270 (30.7%) were taking such agents at first postdiagnosis visit. Forty-four (5%) switched biologic agents within 36 months and an additional 90 patients (10.2%) started a biologic. The majority of bDMARD/tsDMARD initiations during followup was a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi; 53.5%).Conclusion.In real-world practice, nearly one-third of RA patients with a cancer diagnosis were treated with systemic therapy in the immediate visit after malignancy diagnosis and a considerable percentage of malignancy survivors initiated biologic therapy within 3 years. The majority of bDMARD/tsDMARD initiations post-malignancy diagnosis was a TNFi.
Whole-body Magnetic Resonance Imaging Inflammation in Peripheral Joints and Entheses in Axial Spondyloarthritis: Distribution and Changes during Adalimumab Treatment
Authors: Krabbe Simon , Eshed Iris , Sørensen Inge Juul , Jensen Bente , Møller Jakob M. , Balding Lone , Madsen Ole Rintek , Pedersen Susanne Juhl , Østergaard Mikkel 
Published: April 2019

Objective.To investigate the distribution of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) inflammatory lesions of peripheral joints and entheses, and their response to adalimumab (ADA) treatment and agreement with clinical measures of disease activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).Methods.Explorative analysis of an investigator-initiated randomized controlled trial of ADA. WB-MRI was performed at weeks 0, 6, 24, and 48. Detailed analyses of WB-MRI lesions in peripheral joints and entheses were performed, including agreement with clinical measures of disease activity.Results.WB-MRI inflammatory lesions were most frequently observed in the acromioclavicular, metatarsophalangeal, and wrist joints (> 10% of joints), and at the greater trochanter, calcaneal insertion of the Achilles tendon, and ischial tuberosity (> 15% of entheses). Inflammation resolved in ≥ 2/3 of involved sternoclavicular, metacarpophalangeal, first carpometacarpal, hip, and tarsometatarsal joints, and pubic symphyses and medial femoral condyles. In contrast, inflammation resolved in ≤ 1/6 of involved acromioclavicular joints, knee joints, and supraspinatus tendon insertions at humerus. Tenderness of joints and entheses agreed poorly with WB-MRI inflammation (κ < 0.40). Joint tenderness resolved more frequently in MRI-positive than MRI-negative joints (8/13, 62% vs 9/34, 26%) after 6 weeks of active treatment.Conclusion.Inflammatory lesions of peripheral joints and entheses in patients with predominantly axSpA, and changes therein, can be mapped using WB-MRI, and it may contribute to differentiate between inflammatory and noninflammatory joint tenderness. (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials NCT01029847).
Considerations for Evaluating and Recommending Worker Productivity Outcome Measures: An Update from the OMERACT Worker Productivity Group
Authors: Verstappen Suzanne M.M. , Lacaille Diane , Boonen Annelies , Escorpizo Reuben , Hofstetter Catherine , Bosworth Ailsa , Leong Amye , Leggett Sarah , Gignac Monique A.M. , Wallman Johan K. , Ter Wee Marieke M. , Berghea Florian , Agaliotis Maria , Tugwell Peter , Beaton Dorcas 
Published: April 2019

Objective.The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Worker Productivity Group continues efforts to assess psychometric properties of measures of presenteeism.Methods.Psychometric properties of single-item and dual answer multiitem scales were assessed, as well as methods to evaluate thresholds of meaning.Results.Test-retest reliability and construct validity of single item global measures was moderate to good. The value of measuring both degree of difficulty and amount of time with difficulty in multiitems questionnaires was confirmed. Thresholds of meaning vary depending on methods and external anchors applied.Conclusion.We have advanced our understanding of the performance of presenteeism measures and have developed approaches to describing thresholds of meaning.
Investigating Dimensions of Stiffness in Rheumatoid and Psoriatic Arthritis: The Australian Rheumatology Association Database Registry and OMERACT Collaboration
Authors: Sinnathurai Premarani , Bartlett Susan J. , Halls Serena , Hewlett Sarah , Orbai Ana-Maria , Buchbinder Rachelle , Henderson Lyndall , Hill Catherine L. , Lassere Marissa , March Lyn 
Published: April 2019

Objective.It is not known how the experience of stiffness varies between diagnoses or how best to measure stiffness. The aims of our study were to (1) compare stiffness in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using patient-reported outcomes, (2) investigate how dimensions of stiffness are associated with each other and reflect the patient experience, and (3) analyze how different dimensions of stiffness are associated with physical function.Methods.An online survey was sent to Australian Rheumatology Association Database participants (158 PsA, and 158 age- and sex-matched RA), assessing stiffness severity, duration, impact, importance, coping, and physical function [modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (mHAQ)]. Scores were compared between diagnoses and correlations among stiffness dimensions calculated. Multivariate regression was performed for stiffness severity, impact, and duration on mHAQ, adjusting for age, sex, disease duration, obesity, and pain. Cognitive debriefing was conducted through semistructured telephone interviews.Results.Overall, 240/316 (75.9%) responded [124/158 RA (78.5%) and 116/158 PsA (73.4%)], with no significant difference in stiffness ratings between diagnoses. Scores for all stiffness dimensions were strongly correlated (r = 0.52–0.89), and severity and impact were associated with mHAQ in both diagnoses. Stiffness duration was not associated with mHAQ in RA. In cognitive debriefing, participants described stiffness severity and impact by their effect on daily activities (10/16 and 14/16 participants, respectively).Conclusion.Stiffness ratings were similar between PsA and RA. Different dimensions of stiffness were strongly correlated. Stiffness severity and impact both independently predicted mHAQ. Stiffness was important to participants; however, measuring multiple dimensions of stiffness may have minimal additive value.
Cauda Equina Syndrome in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Challenges in Diagnosis, Management, and Pathogenesis
Authors: Tang Chen , Moser Franklin G. , Reveille John , Bruckel Jane , Weisman Michael H. 
Published: April 2019

Objective.Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a rare neurologic complication of longstanding ankylosing spondylitis (AS). It is unclear what causes CES, and no proven or effective therapy has been reported to date. We have encountered 6 patients with longstanding AS diagnosed with CES. We set about to study their features, review the literature, and generate hypotheses regarding pathophysiology, as well as to speculate on the possibilities of early recognition and prevention.Methods.We obtained permission from 6 patients with longstanding AS and CES to access their medical records and imaging studies for research purposes related to this paper. We collected and reviewed each patient’s medical history, imaging studies, disease duration, past therapies especially those that relate to AS, laboratory data, as well as any treatment they received for CES and followup results of each case to the present time.Results.The 6 cases of CES with AS have remarkable similarity to each other in that several decades of the disease had passed before neurologic symptoms and later signs appeared. All cases have fused spines and facet joints without spinal fractures, spinal stenosis, or disc herniation.Conclusion.CES is a rare yet debilitating neurologic complication of longstanding AS. The pathophysiology and treatments are far from clear. We postulate that chronic enthesitis of the vertebral column initiates the process that results in dural stiffening and formation of ectasias, causing downstream nerve root damage.
Sleep Quality and Fatigue Are Associated with Pain Exacerbations of Hip Osteoarthritis: An Internet-based Case-crossover Study
Authors: Fu Kai , Makovey Joanna , Metcalf Ben , Bennell Kim L. , Zhang Yuqing , Asher Rebecca , Robbins Sarah R. , Deveza Leticia A. , Cistulli Peter A. , Hunter David J. 
Published: April 2019

Objective.To evaluate the association of sleep quality, sleep duration, and fatigue with hip pain exacerbations in persons with symptomatic hip osteoarthritis (OA).Methods.Participants (n = 252) were followed for 90 days and asked to complete online questionnaires at 10-day intervals (control periods). A hip pain exacerbation (case periods) was defined as an increase of 2 points in pain intensity compared with baseline on a numeric rating scale (0–10). Subjective sleep quality and sleep duration were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and fatigue was measured by Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue in both periods. Univariable and multivariable conditional logistic regressions were used to assess the association.Results.Of the 252 participants, 130 (52%) were included in the final analysis. Univariate association analysis showed that both poor sleep quality and greater fatigue were associated with increased odds of pain exacerbations (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.04–2.86; OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.21–3.05, respectively). Short sleep duration was not associated with pain exacerbations. Poor sleep quality and greater fatigue remained associated with pain exacerbations after adjustment for physical activity and night pain levels in multivariable analysis. There was no significant interaction between sleep quality and fatigue (p = 0.21).Conclusion.Poor sleep quality and greater fatigue were related to pain exacerbation in persons with symptomatic hip OA. Sleep disorders and fatigue should be considered when dealing with pain exacerbations.
Atlanto-axial Pannus in Patients with and without Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Joyce Andrew A. , Williams Jessica N. , Shi Junzi , Mandell Jacob C. , Isaac Zacharia , Ermann Joerg 
Published: April 2019

Objective.Pannus formation in the atlanto-axial joint is a well-recognized complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Occasionally, atlanto-axial pannus is reported when patients without a history of RA undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine. We sought to further characterize these patients.Methods.The Partners HealthCare Research Patient Data Registry was free-text searched for “atlanto-axial” AND “pannus” in cervical spine MRI reports from 2001 to 2015. Cases with MRI reports describing pannus were reviewed. Clinical data were extracted by chart review in cases with confirmed atlanto-axial pannus (n = 105).Results.Twenty-nine patients (27.6%) had RA, all of whom except one carried this diagnosis at the time of the MRI scan. Only 1 of 77 patients without a history of RA was subsequently diagnosed with RA (1.3%, 95% CI 0.1–7.0%, median followup 3.6 yrs). Non-RA patients were significantly older (median age 79 vs 63 yrs, p < 0.0001), less frequently female (55% vs 86%, p = 0.0032), and more likely to have undergone prior cervical spine surgery (18% vs 0%, p = 0.016) compared with RA patients. Thirty-four non-RA patients (44.7%) either had a clinical diagnosis of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate disease (CPPD) or imaging evidence for tissue calcification. There were no significant differences in age or sex between the CPPD subgroup and other non-RA patients. Twenty-eight patients (26.7%) underwent cervical spine surgery.Conclusion.Patients without RA diagnosis and incidental atlanto-axial pannus on cervical spine MRI are unlikely to have previously unrecognized RA. Degenerative disease and tissue calcification may contribute to pannus formation in these patients.
Relationship of Critical Thinking Ability to Professional Nursing Competence
Authors: Maynard Carleen A 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
The relationship of critical thinking ability to professional nursing competence was investigated. Professional nursing competence, defined by Benner (1984) as stages of skill acquisition (novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert), provided the conceptual framework. A randomly selected, cross-sectional sample of nursing graduates (JV= 121) was utilized. Two cohorts <JV=30) of the sample group were measured longitudinally for critical thinking ability. Relationships were investigated between measures of critical thinking and professional competencies of leadership, critical care, teaching/collaboration, planning/evaluation, interpersonal communication and professional development. Critical thinking was measured over time from beginning nursing student to practicing nurse. Critical thinking ability did not change significantly during the educational experience (sophomore to senior), however, a significant increase was found in scores as practicing nurses. No relationship was demonstrated between critical thinking ability and professional competence. The experiential component of practice emerged as the key influencing factor on the development of competence and critical thinking.
Edifícios de luxo no centro de Santiago do Chile: uma escolha residencial atrativa?
Authors: Henry Line 
Published: April 2019

La superficie de Santiago du Chili connaît une très importante croissance en raison de l’attrait de l’habitat pavillonnaire. Dans le secteur de la capitale où résident les individus de plus hauts revenus, à proximité du centre des affaires de Las Condes, on trouve cependant une importante offre en appartements dans des immeubles « de standing ». Notre étude visait à identifier le profil des résidents de ces édifices et leurs motivations, autrement dit les critères de leur choix résidentiel, afin de statuer sur l’éventuelle apparition d’une véritable alternative à l’habitat pavillonnaire diffus. Nous avons identifié la recherche par cette population d’une « centralité décentralisée » autorisée par la polycentralité de la capitale du Chili et constituée, dans le cadre de notre zone d’étude, autour du centre des affaires de l’avenue Apoquindo. Ce phénomène, cumulé à l’importance historique et financière des communes du secteur Est, permet aux résidents de la zone de jouir d’un important degré de ségrégation socio-économique, de sécurité, de prestige et de la proximité de services, de commerces, d’équipements, d’emplois et de transports d’une grande qualité. Or dans ce contexte où une forme de centralité est valorisée, nous avons constaté l’existence de flux de population non seulement du centre vers la périphérie mais également, et à l’échelle d’une vie, de la périphérie vers le centre. Cette nouvelle redistribution, quoique nettement moindre, implique notamment le passage du pavillon unifamilial à l’appartement en hauteur, de la très faible densité à la forte densité urbaine, et sous-entend non seulement la poursuite de l’augmentation de cette dernière dans les zones centrales, mais aussi l’existence pour la classe haute chilienne d’un modèle positif en faveur de la tour d’habitation. La réalité simultanée de ces deux flux inversés, qui dépendent de l’étape dans la vie familiale des individus, et la possession généralisée de résidences secondaires « à la plage ou à la campagne » nous empêchent toutefois de conclure à l’apparition d’un véritable idéal de l’appartement, à un nouveau profond désir de densité qui serait partagé par la classe haute de Santiago. Il conviendra pourtant d’étudier dans les années à venir l’évolution des choix résidentiels d’une génération émergente de jeunes professionnels, aujourd’hui seuls ou en couples sans enfant, qui affichent une valorisation de la centralité et ne considèrent pas le pavillon comme une alternative souhaitable. D’autre part, l’évolution des perceptions de l’appartement et même la création d’un produit immobilier en hauteur dont la qualité et les aménagements satisferaient une partie des amateurs de maisons individuelles pourrait être engendrée par le secteur très influent des entreprises immobilières chiliennes, qui y reconnaitrait son intérêt.
Ilhas Comores, Visa Balladur e a tragédia a caminho de Mayotte: uma análise interdisciplinar da complexa questão da migração nas Comores
Authors: Peccia Tiziano , Meda Rachele 
Published: April 2019

Ce travail de recherche aborde la problématique de la crise migratoire aux Îles Comores, qui se manifeste notamment par l’augmentation des flux de migrants qui se dirigent vers l’île de Mayotte, département français d’outre-mer. Le « visa Balladur » requis pour débarquer légalement sur le territoire français a contribué à augmenter le flux migratoire illégal des Comoriens, qui pour diverses raisons sont prêts à tout risquer pour fuir leur pays. Dans ce travail, nous analysons différents types de migrations aux Comores, en revenant de manière transversale sur le développement de ce phénomène. Pour cela, nous avons adopté une approche méthodologique mixte, en nous appuyant à la fois sur des données quantitative, relatives au contexte socio-économique et géostratégique de l’Union des Comores, et qualitatives, issues des entretiens que nous avons menés pour comprendre les motivations des migrants.
Sistemas agrícolas e sistema de indicadores: avaliação do impacto das alterações climáticas sobre a segurança alimentar numa bacia de inundação da Amazônia
Authors: Doyen Marie Flore , Laques Anne Elisabeth , Gurgel Helen , Garcia Lucas 
Published: April 2019

En Amazonie, le changement climatique se traduit principalement par un dérèglement du régime des crues, perturbant les systèmes agricoles des populations riveraines de l’Amazone et les rendant potentiellement sensibles à l’insécurité alimentaire. Afin de faciliter l’analyse des systèmes agricoles de la zone étudiée (le Lago Grande de Curuaï), une typologie a été effectuée via la matrice de Bertin, permettant d’identifier quatre systèmes types : les systèmes agro-forestier, agricole spécialisé, agro-pastoral et pisci-pastoral. A partir des informations relatives aux systèmes agricoles et ayant pour principale base deux piliers de la sécurité alimentaire (la disponibilité et l’accès aux denrées alimentaires), un système d’indicateurs a été créé suivant la méthode « Principe, Critères, Indicateurs ». Un principe, trois critères et sept indicateurs ont évalué la sécurité alimentaire à l’échelle des systèmes agricoles types et ce, suivant deux scénarios : avec ou sans survenance d’évènements extrêmes. Une dégradation de l’état de la sécurité alimentaire est observée avec la survenance d’évènements extrêmes et c’est le système agro-pastoral qui est le plus affecté par ces crises.