bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
cryptochrome genes mediate photoperiodic responses in the cricket Modicogryllus siamensis
Authors: Ueda Haruki , Tamaki Saori , Miki Taiki , Uryu Outa , Kamae Yuichi , Nose Motoki , Shinohara Tsugumichi , Tomioka Kenji 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDiapause is a strategy used by many insects living in temperate zones to survive the winter. The most reliable environmental cue to induce diapause is photoperiod, for which day or night length is measured by a mechanism called the photoperiodic clock. Despite several studies in insects, the photoperiodic mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we show that cryptochromes (crys) mediate photoperiodic responses in the cricket Modicogryllus siamensis. Nymphal development of M. siamensis is highly dependent on photoperiod: under long‐day conditions, most nymphs become adults within 60 days after hatching by undergoing seven moults, whereas, under short‐day conditions, they take much longer (approximately 180 days), with an increased number of moults. Similar to most insects, the cricket has two cry genes: the Drosophila type cry (Ms'cry1) and the mammalian type cry (Ms'cry2). Ms'cry1 shows some constitutive expression, whereas Ms'cry2 is rhythmically expressed under both long‐day and short‐day conditions. Parental RNA interference against either or both of the two cry genes partially prevents the long‐day responses, whereas inhibition of Ms'cry1 or Ms'cry1/Ms'cry2 enhances the short‐day response with a further delay of adult emergence or its complete prevention, respectively. Nymphal RNA interference of Ms'crys at the fourth‐instar stage delays adult emergence and increases the number of moults under long‐day conditions. We hypothesize that Ms'cry genes are involved not only in the photoperiodic mechanism, but also in the regulatory mechanism of nymphal development downstream of the photoperiodic clock in the cricket M. siamensis.
Periodontal disease in Down's syndrome patients. A retrospective study
Authors: van de Wiel Babette , van Loon Marjolein , Reuland Wimke , Bruers Josef 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to assess the periodontal condition of people with Down syndrome (DS). Furthermore, risk factors were identified for the development of periodontitis.Methods and resultsData were collected at the Centre for Special Care Dentistry (CBT) Rijnmond from the records of all 183 registered patients with DS who were 18 years of age on 31 December 2013. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of their periodontal status: healthy or periodontally compromised. A total of 36.6% of the DS patients had actually incurred damage by periodontitis. The risk factors were: high age at the time of intake, large number of treatment sessions, and impossibility for the “Dutch Periodontal Screening Index” to be measured. In conclusion, the early introduction and continuous attendance of DS patients in a CBT can contributed to better results for a healthy periodontal condition.
Genomics: the clinical encounter and parallels across complementary and personalized medicine
Authors: Olson Rebecca E. , Cook Peta S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGenomics is progressing from “bench to bedside,” especially in cancer care. Referred to as precision and personalized medicine, this article casts sociological scholarship on genomic medicine into three interconnected realms: laboratory, family, and clinic. Thought to be solely and objectively discovered in the laboratory, sociological research illustrates the messiness of genetic research. The self in (late) modern times is popularly conceptualized as unique and discrete; precision medicine highlights boundedness and the molecular material shared across families. Within the clinic, sociological research has focused on the geneticization debate over the extent to which genetic ways of understanding disease have subsumed other approaches to conceptualizing and treating illness and the impact of genomics on medicine's dominance. How else is genomic medicine affecting the clinical encounter? We ask if personalized medicine unexpectedly reflects practices found in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), raising questions about what this means for modern medicine and the patient‐consumer.
A mixed‐method examination of ego‐resiliency, adjustment problems, and academic engagement in children of Latino migrant farmworkers
Authors: Taylor Zoe E. , Ruiz Yumary , Nair Nayantara 
Published: July 2018

AbstractChildren from Latino migrant farmworker (LMFW) families are one of the most educationally disenfranchised and marginalized populations of students in the United States. These children face similar disadvantages to other low‐income immigrant families, but often experience unique contextual stressors due to high mobility that places them at high risk for mental health problems, risk‐taking behaviors, and poor academic engagement. Despite these high vulnerabilities few researchers have focused their efforts on LMFW children specifically, or addressed resilience factors in particular. Ego‐resiliency is an enduring psychological construct reflecting how individuals overcome day‐to‐day challenges. We used a convergent mixed method cross‐sectional design to examine the effects of LMFW children's (N = 66, ages 6–18, Mage = 12.79) depressive and conduct problems on their academic efficacy/mastery, and whether ego‐resiliency counteracted these relations. Ego‐resiliency was negatively associated with depression and conduct problems, and positively related to academic efficacy/mastery. Conduct problems were negatively related to academic efficacy/mastery, but depression was not. Ego‐resiliency also moderated the relation of depression to academic efficacy/mastery. Qualitative results provided a deeper explanation of contributing factors to LMFW children's adjustment, how adjustment problems affected their academic success, and the coping mechanisms and resilience factors used by LMFW children to overcome difficult experiences.
ATP boosts lit state formation and activity of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2
Authors: Eckel Maike , Steinchen Wieland , Batschauer Alfred 
Published: July 2018

SummaryCryptochrome (cry) blue light photoreceptors have important roles in the regulation of plant development. Their photocycle includes redox changes of their flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) chromophore, which is fully oxidised in the dark state and semi‐reduced in the signalling‐active lit state. The two Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochromes, cry1 and cry2, and the plant‐type cryptochrome CPH1 from Chlamydomonas rheinhardtii bind ATP and other nucleotides. Binding of ATP affects the photocycle of these photoreceptors and causes structural alterations. However, the exact regions that undergo structural changes have not been defined, and most importantly it is not known whether ATP binding affects the biological activity of these photoreceptors in planta. Here we present studies on the effect of ATP on Arabidopsis cry2. Recombinant cry2 protein showed a high affinity for ATP (KD of 1.09 ± 0.48 μm). Binding of ATP and other adenines promoted photoreduction of the FAD chromophore in vitro and caused structural changes, particularly in α‐helix 21 which links the photosensory domain with the C‐terminal extension. The constructed cry2Y399A mutant was unable to bind ATP and did not show enhancement of photoreduction by ATP. When this mutant gene was expressed in Arabidopsis null cry2 mutant plants it retained some biological activity, which was, however, lower than that of the wild type. Our results indicate that binding of ATP to cry2, and most likely to other plant‐type cryptochromes, is not essential but boosts the formation of the signalling state and biological activity.
Principles and characteristics of the Arabidopsis WRKY regulatory network during early MAMP‐triggered immunity
Authors: Birkenbihl Rainer P. , Kracher Barbara , Ross Annegret , Kramer Katharina , Finkemeier Iris , Somssich Imre E. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryDuring microbe‐associated molecular pattern‐triggered immunity more than 5000 Arabidopsis genes are significantly altered in their expression, and the question arises, how such an enormous reprogramming of the transcriptome can be regulated in a safe and robust manner? For the WRKY transcription factors (TFs), which are important regulators of numerous defense responses, it appears that they act in a complex regulatory sub‐network rather than in a linear fashion, which would be much more vulnerable to gene function loss either by pathogen‐derived effectors or by mutations. In this study we employed RNA‐seq, mass spectrometry and chromatin immunoprecipitation‐seq to find evidence for and uncover principles and characteristics of this network. Upon flg22‐treatment, one can distinguish between two sets of WRKY genes: constitutively expressed and induced WRKY genes. Prior to elicitation the induced WRKY genes appear to be maintained in a repressed state mainly by the constitutively expressed WRKY factors, which themselves appear to be regulated by non‐WRKY TFs. Upon elicitation, induced WRKYs rapidly bind to induced WRKY gene promoters and by auto‐ and cross‐regulation build up the regulatory network. Maintenance of this flg22‐induced network appears highly robust as removal of three key WRKY factors can be physically and functionally compensated for by other WRKY family members.
UVR8‐mediated induction of flavonoid biosynthesis for UVB tolerance is conserved between the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and flowering plants
Authors: Clayton William A. , Albert Nick W. , Thrimawithana Amali H. , McGhie Tony K. , Deroles Simon C. , Schwinn Kathy E. , Warren Ben A. , McLachlan Andrew R.G. , Bowman John L. , Jordan Brian R. , Davies Kevin M. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryDamaging UVB radiation is a major abiotic stress facing land plants. In angiosperms the UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 (UVR8) photoreceptor coordinates UVB responses, including inducing biosynthesis of protective flavonoids. We characterised the UVB responses of Marchantia polymorpha (marchantia), the model species for the liverwort group of basal plants. Physiological, chemical and transcriptomic analyses were conducted on wild‐type marchantia exposed to three different UVB regimes. CRISPR/Cas9 was used to obtain plant lines with mutations for components of the UVB signal pathway or the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, and transgenics overexpressing the marchantia UVR8 sequence were generated. The mutant and transgenic lines were analysed for changes in flavonoid content, their response to UVB exposure, and transcript abundance of a set of 48 genes that included components of the UVB response pathway characterised for angiosperms. The marchantia UVB response included many components in common with Arabidopsis, including production of UVB‐absorbing flavonoids, the central activator role of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), and negative feedback regulation by REPRESSOR OF UV‐B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS1 (RUP1). Notable differences included the greater importance of CHALCONE ISOMERASE‐LIKE (CHIL). Mutants disrupted in the response pathway (hy5) or flavonoid production (chalcone isomerase, chil) were more easily damaged by UVB. Mutants (rup1) or transgenics (35S:MpMYB14) with increased flavonoid content had increased UVB tolerance. The results suggest that UVR8‐mediated flavonoid induction is a UVB tolerance character conserved across land plants and may have been an early adaptation to life on land.
Clinical and manometric characteristics of patients with oesophagogastric outflow obstruction: towards a new classification
Authors: Triadafilopoulos George , Clarke John O 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThe Chicago Classification (CC) defines oesophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) as the presence of an elevated integrated residual pressure (IRP) together with preserved oesophageal body peristalsis but its clinical significance is evolving.AimsTo describe the clinical and manometric characteristics in patients with EGJOO and propose a new classification.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, patients with functional oesophageal symptoms underwent clinical and endoscopic assessment and oesophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM). The CC V.3 was used to define and redefine abnormalities.ResultsOf 478 HRM studies performed, EGJOO, defined as median IRP >15 mm Hg, was diagnosed in 116 patients; 17 underwent a follow-up HRM. Forty-four patients had otherwise normal oesophageal motility, with the only finding being EGJOO; 14 had achalasia, 19 had EGJOO plus ineffective oesophageal motility (IEM), 28 had EGJOO plus diffuse oesophageal spasm (DES) (n=25) or jackhammer oesophagus (n=3), and 11 had EGJOO plus IEM and DES. Patients with EGJOO+IEM had lower distal contractile integral (DCI) while those with EGJOO+DES had higher DCI. All groups exhibited high percentages of incomplete bolus clearance. On repeat studies, EGJOO preceded or followed another HRM diagnosis and remained permanent in 2/17 patients. Only one patient transitioned to achalasia.ConclusionsThe new classification further defines EGJOO by considering abnormalities in the body of the oesophagus that could contribute to symptoms or require therapy. Most patients with EGJOO have a coexisting motility disorder and do not have isolated EGJOO. There is a fluidity of the HRM diagnosis that needs to be considered prior to therapy.
Managing alarm systems for quality and safety in the hospital setting
Authors: Bach Tita Alissa , Berglund Lars-Martin , Turk Eva 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo provide an overview of documented studies and initiatives that demonstrate efforts to manage and improve alarm systems for quality in healthcare by human, organisational and technical factors.MethodsA literature review, a grey literature review, interviews and a review of alarm-related standards (IEC 60601-1-8, IEC 62366-1:2015 and ANSI/Advancement of Medical Instrumentation HE 75:2009/2013) were conducted. Qualitative analysis was conducted to identify common themes of improvement elements in the literature and grey literature reviews, interviews and the review of alarm-related standards.Results21 articles and 7 publications on alarm quality improvement work were included in the literature and grey literature reviews, in which 10 themes of improvement elements were identified. The 10 themes were categorised into human factors (alarm training and education, multidisciplinary teamwork, alarm safety culture), organisational factors (alarm protocols and standard procedures, alarm assessment and evaluation, alarm inventory and prioritisation, and sharing and learning) and technical factors (machine learning, alarm configuration and alarm design). 26 clinicians were interviewed. 9 of the 10 themes were identified from the interview responses. The review of the standards identified 3 of the 10 themes. The study findings are also presented in a step-by-step guide to optimise implementation of the improvement elements for healthcare organisations.ConclusionsImproving alarm safety can be achieved by incorporating human, organisational and technical factors in an integrated approach. There is still a gap between alarm-related standards and how the standards are translated into practice, especially in a clinical environment that uses multiple alarming medical devices from different manufacturers. Standardisation across devices and manufacturers and the use of machine learning in improving alarm safety should be discussed in future collaboration between alarm manufacturers, end users and regulators.
Developing and validating Parkinson’s disease subtypes and their motor and cognitive progression
Authors: Lawton Michael , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , May Margaret T , Baig Fahd , Barber Thomas R , Klein Johannes C , Swallow Diane M A , Malek Naveed , Grosset Katherine A , Bajaj Nin , Barker Roger A , Williams Nigel , Burn David J , Foltynie Thomas , Morris Huw R , Wood Nicholas W , Grosset Donald G , Hu Michele T M 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo use a data-driven approach to determine the existence and natural history of subtypes of Parkinson’s disease (PD) using two large independent cohorts of patients newly diagnosed with this condition.Methods1601 and 944 patients with idiopathic PD, from Tracking Parkinson’s and Discovery cohorts, respectively, were evaluated in motor, cognitive and non-motor domains at the baseline assessment. Patients were recently diagnosed at entry (within 3.5 years of diagnosis) and were followed up every 18 months. We used a factor analysis followed by a k-means cluster analysis, while prognosis was measured using random slope and intercept models.ResultsWe identified four clusters: (1) ﻿fast motor progression with symmetrical motor disease, poor olfaction, cognition and postural hypotension; (2) mild motor and non-motor disease with intermediate motor progression; (3) severe motor disease, poor psychological well-being and ﻿poor sleep with an intermediate motor progression; (4) slow motor progression with tremor-dominant, unilateral disease. Clusters were moderately to substantially stable across the two cohorts (kappa 0.58). Cluster 1 had the fastest motor progression in Tracking Parkinson’s at 3.2 (95% CI 2.8 to 3.6) UPDRS III points per year while cluster 4 had the slowest at 0.6 (0.1–1.1). In Tracking Parkinson’s, cluster 2 had the largest response to levodopa 36.3% and cluster 4 the lowest 28.8%.ConclusionsWe have found four novel clusters that replicated well across two independent early PD cohorts and were associated with levodopa response and motor progression rates. This has potential implications for better understanding disease pathophysiology and the relevance of patient stratification in future clinical trials.
Excessive daytime sleepiness in Chinese patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and its association with cognitive and behavioural impairments
Authors: Liu Shuangwu , Huang Yan , Tai Hongfei , Zhang Kang , Wang Zhili , Shen Dongchao , Fu Hanhui , Su Ning , Shi Jiayu , Ding Qingyun , Liu Mingsheng , Guan Yuzhou , Gao Jing , Cui Liying 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the frequency and clinical features of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and its association with cognitive and behavioural impairments in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional investigation to explore the frequency and clinical features of EDS in a group of 121 Chinese patients with ALS compared with 121 age-matched and sex-matched healthy subjects. EDS was diagnosed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Other characteristics of patients with ALS including sleep quality, REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD), restless legs syndrome (RLS), cognition, behaviour, depression and anxiety were also evaluated.ResultsEDS was significantly more frequent in patients with ALS than in controls (26.4% vs 8.3%; p<0.05). Patients with ALS with EDS scored lower scores on the revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and MMSE and MoCA delayed memory subitems and higher on the Frontal Behavioural Inventory (FBI) than patients with ALS without EDS. ESS scores correlated with global ALSFRS-R, FBI, MMSE and MoCA scores and MMSE and MoCA delayed memory scores. RLS and global ALSFRS-R scores were independently associated with EDS in patients with ALS.ConclusionsWe identified a high frequency of EDS symptoms in Chinese patients with ALS, and these patients might have more serious physical, cognitive and frontal behaviour impairment. Patients with ALS might improve quality of life from the timely recognition and optimised management of EDS symptoms. Our results further suggest that ALS is a heterogeneous disease that might exhibit abnormal sleep-wake patterns.
Leukoaraiosis severity and outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy with stent-retriever devices in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Guo Yongtao , Zi Wenjie , Wan Yue , Zhang Shuai , Sun Bo , Shang Xianjin , Li Shun , Bai Yongjie , Li Zibao , Zheng Dequan , Liu Xinfeng 
Published: July 2018

Background and purposeThe aim of the study was to evaluate whether leukoaraiosis severity is associated with outcome in acute stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy with stent-retriever devices.MethodsIn this retrospective multicenter study, we evaluated 251 acute stroke patients (pretreatment National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥8) treated with stent-retriever devices. Leukoaraiosis severity was graded as 0–2 (absent-to-moderate) versus 3–4 (severe) according to the van Swieten scale. The main clinical outcome was the proportion of good functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale of 0–2 at 90 days.ResultsSignificantly fewer patients in the severe LA group than in the absent-to-moderate LA group achieved a good functional outcome (18.4% vs 50.2%, P<0.001). In multivariable analysis, severe leukoaraiosis was a significant negative predictor of good functional outcome at 90 days (OR, 0.27; 95% CI 0.10–0.77; P=0.014).ConclusionsThe severity of leukoaraiosis is independently associated with 90-day functional outcome in acute stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy with stent-retriever devices.
The 100 most cited articles in theJournal of NeuroInterventional Surgery
Authors: Ren Yifan , Kok Hong Kuan , Zhou Kevin , Maingard Julian , Chandra Ronil V , Lee Michael J , Barras Christen D , Brooks Mark , Albuquerque Felipe C , Tarr Robert W , Hirsch Joshua A , Asadi Hamed 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundTheJournal of NeuroInterventional Surgery(JNIS) published its first volume in 2009. Over the ensuing years,JNISflourished and has published a considerable number of high-profile articles. Citation analysis is a method of quantifying various metrics related to scholarly publications.ObjectiveTo apply citation analysis to the 100 most cited papers in the history ofJNIS.MethodsThe most cited articles inJNISwere identified by using the Web of Science database. The top 100 articles were ranked according to their number of citations. Further information was obtained for each article, including citations per year, year of publication, authorship, article topics, and article type and level of evidence.ResultsThe total number of citations for the 100 most cited articles inJNISranged from 18 to 132 (median 26.0). Most articles (75%) were published between 2012 and 2015 and originated in the USA (79%). Eighteen authors have contributed five or more articles to the top 100 list. The most common topics are related to acute ischemic stroke and cerebral aneurysm.ConclusionsThis study highlights the influence ofJNISover its first decade by providing a comprehensive list of the 100 most cited articles and their authors as well as topics covered. This study also highlights the important factors driving the growth ofJNIS.