bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A machine learning model for predicting worsening renal function using one‐year time series data in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Watanabe Mari , Meguro Shu , Kimura Kaiken , Furukoshi Michiaki , Masuda Tsuyoshi , Enomoto Makoto , Itoh Hiroshi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsTo prevent end‐stage renal disease caused by diabetic kidney disease, we created a predictive model for high‐risk patients using machine learning.Methods and ResultsThe reference point was the time at which each patient's estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) first fell below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The input period spanned the reference point to 1 year prior. The primary endpoint was a 50% decrease in eGFR from the mean of the input period over the 3 year evaluation period. We created predictive models for patients’ primary endpoints using time series data of various variables over the input period. Among 2,533 total patients, 1,409 had reference points, 31 had records for their input and evaluation periods and had reached their primary endpoints, and 317 patients had not. The area under the curve (AUC) of the predictive model peaked (0.81) when the minimum eGFR, the difference between maximum and minimum eGFR, and both maximum and minimum urinary protein values were included in the features.ConclusionThe accuracy of prognosis prediction can be improved by considering the variable components of urinary protein and eGFR levels. This model will allow us to identify patients whose renal functions are relatively preserved with eGFR of more than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and are likely to benefit clinically from immediate treatment intensification.
Developing a peripheral blood RNA‐seq based NETseq ensemble classifier: A potential novel tool for non‐invasive detection and treatment response assessment in neuroendocrine tumor patients receiving 177Lu‐DOTATATE PRRT
Authors: Padwal Mahesh K. , Parghane Rahul V. , Chakraborty Avik , Ujaoney Aman Kumar , Anaganti Narasimha , Basu Sandip , Basu Bhakti 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are presented with metastases due to delayed diagnosis. We aimed to identify NET‐related biomarkers from peripheral blood. The development and validation of a multi‐gene NETseq ensemble classifier using peripheral blood RNA‐Seq is reported. RNA‐Seq was performed on peripheral blood samples from 178 NET patients and 73 healthy donors. Distinguishing gene features were identified from a learning cohort (59 PRRT‐naïve GEP‐NET patients and 38 healthy donors). Ensemble classifier combining the output of five machine learning algorithms viz. Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBOOST), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Logistic Regression (LR) were trained and independently validated in the evaluation cohort (n = 106). The response to PRRT was evaluated in the PRRT cohort (n = 46) and the PRRT response monitoring cohort (n = 16). The response to 177Lu‐DOTATATE PRRT was assessed using RECIST 1.1 criteria. The Ensemble classifier trained on 61 gene features, distinguished NET from healthy samples with 100% accuracy in the learning cohort. In an evaluation cohort, the classifier achieved 93% sensitivity (95% CI: 87.8%–98.03%) and 91.4% specificity (95% CI: 82.1%–100%) for PRRT‐naïve GEP‐NETs (AUROC = 95.4%). The classifier returned >87.5% sensitivity across different tumor characteristics and outperformed serum Chromogranin A sensitivity (χ2 = 21.89, p = 4.161e−6). In the PRRT cohort, RECIST 1.1 responders showed significantly lower NETseq prediction scores after 177Lu‐DOTATATE PRRT, in comparison to the non‐responders. In an independent response monitoring cohort, paired samples (before PRRT and after 2nd or 3rd cycle of PRRT) were analyzed. The NETseq prediction score significantly decreased in partial responders (p = .002) and marginally reduced in stable disease (p = .068). The NETseq ensemble classifier identified PRRT‐naïve GEP‐NETs with high accuracy (≥92%) and demonstrated a potential role in early treatment response monitoring in the PRRT setting. This blood‐based, non‐invasive, multi‐analyte molecular method could be developed as a valuable adjunct to conventional methods in the detection and treatment response assessment in NET patients.
Timing Matters: Late, but Not Early, Exercise Training Ameliorates MASLD in Part by Modulating the Gut‐Liver Axis in Mice
Authors: Kovynev Artemiy , Ying Zhixiong , Zhang Sen , Olgiati Emanuele , Lambooij Joost M. , Visentin Clara , Guigas Bruno , Ducarmon Quinten R. , Rensen Patrick C. N. , Schönke Milena 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects two billion people worldwide and is currently mostly treatable via lifestyle interventions, such as exercise training. However, it is unclear whether the positive effects of exercise are restricted to unique circadian windows. We therefore aimed to study whether the timing of exercise training differentially modulates MASLD development. Twenty weeks old male APOE*3‐Leiden.CETP mice were fed a high fat‐high cholesterol diet to induce MASLD and treadmill‐trained for 1 h five times per week for 12 weeks either early (ZT13; E‐RUN) or late (ZT22; L‐RUN) in the dark phase while corresponding sedentary groups (E‐SED and L‐SED) did not. Late, but not early exercise training decreased the MASLD score, body weight, fat mass, and liver triglycerides, accompanied by an altered composition of the gut microbiota. Specifically, only late exercise training increased the abundance of short‐chain fatty acid‐producing bacterial families and genera, such as Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae, and Rikenella. To assess the role of the gut microbiota in training‐induced effects, the study was repeated and trained (ZT22 only, RUN) or sedentary mice (SED) served as fecal donors for sedentary recipient mice (RUN FMT and SED FMT). Fecal microbiota transplantation reduced liver weight and plasma triglycerides in RUN FMT compared to SED FMT and tended to lower the MASLD score and liver triglycerides. Timing of exercise training is a critical factor for the positive effect on MASLD in this preclinical model, and the effect of late exercise is partially mediated via the gut‐liver axis.
Changes of the Urothelial Barrier System in the Cyclophosphamide‐Induced Cystitis in Rats by Using a Newly Established “Inside‐Out” Urinary Bladder Preparation
Authors: Aizawa Naoki , Natsuya Hiroki , Fujita Tomoe 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe study was aimed to establish the “inside‐out” preparation with the urothelium and investigate the changes in urothelial permeability of the cyclophosphamide (CYP)‐induced cystitis model in rats.MethodsIn female rats with or without CYP injection, the isolated whole bladder was utilized as an “inside‐out” preparation with the urothelium, which was created by reversing the bladder from a top portion. The preparation was fixed in the organ bath, and instilled with a Krebs solution (0.5 mL) through the bladder neck. After it was kept under an isovolumetric condition, high K+ (KCl: 50 mM) or acetylcholine (ACh: 10 μM) was added into the organ bath.ResultsIn the normal bladder, the intravesical pressure of the inside‐out preparation with the urothelium did not change with the addition of KCl or ACh. Contrarily, in the CYP‐injected bladder 24 or 48 h after injection of CYP, the intravesical pressure of the inside‐out preparation increased with the addition of KCl or ACh. Histological examinations showed a denuded and/or cracked surface of the urothelial layer, and the intensity of uroplakin III staining of the urothelial layer decreased in the CYP‐injected rats.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated the bladder urothelium has robust barrier mechanisms for preventing the absorption of water (urine) under the normal condition. However, these barrier mechanisms were disrupted in the CYP‐induced cystitis, suggesting that water and urine insults can be permeabilized into the urinary bladder, specifically to the smooth muscle layer.
A reappraisal of the petrogenesis of Apollo 17 lunar dunites 72415‐72417: Relics of the deep lunar mantle?
Authors: Bhanot K. K. , Downes H. , Rider‐Stokes B. G. , Jennings E. S. , Anand M. , Snape J. F. , Whitehouse M. J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLunar dunite samples 72415–72417, collected by Apollo 17 astronauts from a South Massif boulder in the Taurus–Littrow valley, are crushed breccias composed of several types of olivine‐ and clinopyroxene‐rich clasts, some of which are (or contain) intergrowths of Cr‐spinel and pyroxenes or plagioclase. Among the clasts are ellipsoidal symplectites of Cr‐spinel and pyroxene, up to 300 μm in diameter, which have bulk compositions consistent with those of olivine + garnet. These symplectites are inferred to originally have been olivine + Mg‐Cr‐rich garnet (pyrope–uvarovite) that formed deep in the lunar mantle and were subsequently transported closer to the lunar surface (spinel‐ or plagioclase‐peridotite stability fields), perhaps during gravitationally driven overturn. Abundant microsymplectite (30 μm diameter) intergrowths of Cr‐spinel and pyroxene inside olivine grains, many associated with inclusions of plagioclase and augite, formed during a later decompression event (perhaps excavation to the lunar surface). These inclusions have not previously been recorded in these samples and could be responsible for earlier reports of igneous zoning in olivine. Electron backscatter diffraction data show evidence of high shock pressures (>50 GPa), which are inferred to have occurred during the impact which excavated the dunites from the shallow anorthite‐bearing lunar mantle. Apatite veinlets post‐date the shock metamorphism and have been dated to 3983 ± 72 Ma and 3913 ± 118 Ma by the U–Pb method. This age is consistent with that inferred for the Imbrium impact basin, suggesting that the dunite was finally excavated from the mantle during formation of the Imbrium basin.
The economics of translating a biosimilar from lab to market in India
Authors: Gandhi Sonia , Patankar Dhananjay , Kashiramka Smita , Rathore Anurag S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aims to establish a cost basis for biologics manufacturers and policymakers by quantifying the price and time required to bring a biosimilar from the lab to market. For efficient implementation of a cost‐based policy, especially for life‐saving medicines like biosimilars, it is imperative to establish a benchmark for the cost involved in biosimilar development. In this holistic and multiple‐case study, stage‐wise cost estimates of biosimilar development were obtained for microbial and mammalian systems. The investigation of six biopharmaceutical companies based in India concluded that biosimilar development through the microbial system costs ∼18 million USD and ∼21 million USD for the mammalian system. Additionally, 45–50 million USD is required as a one‐time capital investment. Further, US/EU authorization can cost ∼25 million USD per product. Clinical studies are the most expensive and account for 60%–70% of total development cost. The presented information can serve as a basis for implementing cost‐based pricing in countries like India and reimbursement policies for biosimilars under Medicare Part B in the United States.
Revisiting Women's Empowerment and Contraception
Authors: Jejeebhoy Shireen J. , Sathar Zeba 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis essay explores and reviews the literature from low‐ and middle‐income countries on the pathways of influence between women's empowerment and reproductive outcomes, specially focusing on contraception, and points to some outstanding gaps. We adopt a framework that assesses the influence of contextual factors, notably kinship structures, and marriage systems, on women's empowerment and agency and other transformational factors affecting women's agency and gender roles and wielding direct and indirect influences on empowerment and contraceptive outcomes. The review of around 80 studies highlights that even after other factors are adjusted, women's agency has a strong influence on contraceptive outcomes. Contraceptive use levels are likely influenced by community‐level factors above and beyond individual‐level factors. Transformational factors, especially exogenous factors such as education and family planning programs, have independent and direct effects on contraceptive outcomes, at times even weakening or canceling out the effects of women's agency. Comprehensive contraceptive transition theory must reserve a central place for women's empowerment through agency and gender roles, particularly the ability of women and girls to make independent and free contraceptive choices. Relatedly, progress in contraceptive transition should be assessed according to not only contraceptive prevalence but also women's ability to use their preferred choice of methods for achieving reproductive rights.
Research on Integrated Management Path of Comorbidity Based on Grounded Theory
Authors: Fan Jinhe , Fan Jianing , Wang Ziqi , Chen Jieting , Jing Mingxia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study seeks to thoroughly investigate the generation mechanism of the integrated management pathway for comorbidities, as well as its implementation and execution in practical settings. The findings aim to offer insights for the development of an integrated mechanism for comorbidity services.MethodThe collected raw data was coded and analyzed in depth by utilizing grounded theory as the research methodology, in conjunction with NVivo 14.0 software for qualitative analysis, and by adhering to domestic and international guidelines and consensus on comorbidity management.ResultFollowing the three‐level coding process, a total of 49 initial categories, 14 main categories, and 4 core categories (supply‐type, demand‐type, collaboration‐type, and environment‐type) were identified. Subsequently, a four‐dimensional comprehensive comorbidities management pathway model, referred to as the “Derivative driving force—management pathway—main body network—operation mechanism,” was developed.ConclusionThe model integrates the four paths of supply‐type, demand‐type, collaboration‐type, and environment‐type with the derived dynamics, subject network, and operation mechanism of comorbidities management. This not only enhances the comprehensiveness and continuity of comorbidities management but also establishes clear direction and evaluation indices for future empirical research.
Reduced soil moisture drives leaf anatomical shifts more than chronically elevated temperatures in European temperate trees
Authors: Didion‐Gency M. , Deluigi J. , Gisler J. , Juillard T. , Schaub M. , Tuñas‐Corzon A. , Grossiord C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chronic reductions in soil moisture combined with high air temperatures can modify tree carbon and water relations. However, little is known about how trees acclimate their foliar structure to the individual and combined effects of these two climate drivers.
We used open‐top chambers to determine the multi‐year effects of chronic air warming (+5 °C) and soil moisture reduction (−50%) alone and in combination on the foliar anatomy of two European tree species. We further investigated how these climate drivers affected the relationship between foliar anatomy and physiology/chemistry in young downy oak and European beech trees.
After 4 years, reduced soil moisture led to development of thinner leaves with a narrower epidermis and lower gas exchange for oak and beech, but to a lesser extent in the latter. In contrast, prolonged warming did not affect the anatomical and physiological/chemical traits in either species. Warming also did not exacerbate the impacts of dry soils, highlighting soil moisture as the key driver in leaf anatomical shifts.
While soil moisture altered oak foliar anatomy, and the physiology and chemistry of both species, our work revealed a limited acclimation potential towards more drought‐ and heat‐tolerant leaves as conditions become drier and warmer, suggesting potentially high vulnerability of both species to future climate predictions.
An Innovative Approach: Alleviating Cadmium Toxicity in Grapevine Seedlings Using Smoke Solution Derived from the Burning of Vineyard Pruning Waste
Authors: Yağcı Adem , Daler Selda , Kaya Ozkan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlthough plant‐derived smoke solutions (SSs) have exhibited growth‐promoting properties in various plant species, their potential role in mitigating heavy metal stress, specifically in grapevines, has remained unexplored and unreported. This knowledge gap prompted the present study to evaluate the efficacy of foliar application of SSs derived from vineyard pruning waste at concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% in mitigating Cadmium (Cd) phytotoxicity in grape saplings. In our study, cadmium stress was induced by applying 10 mg/kg CdCl2 to the root area of the saplings, in conjunction with fertilizers. Our findings showed that exposure to Cd toxicity impeded the growth of grapevine saplings, adversely affecting shoot and root length, as well as fresh weight. Furthermore, it resulted in a reduction in chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and leaf water content while significantly increasing membrane damage and lipid peroxidation. Notably, the application of 0.5% SS enhanced grapevine sapling growth and alleviated Cd stress‐induced damage by more effectively regulating physiological and biochemical responses compared to the control and other concentrations. Based on our results, under Cd stress conditions, the application of 0.5% SS effectively increased chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (1.79 mmol.m−2.sn−1), and total phenolic content (1.89 mg.g−1), whereas it significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and membrane damage (1.35 nmol.g−1). Additionally, it significantly elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) (2.16 U.mg−1), catalase (CAT) (1.55 U.mg−1), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (3.03 U.mg−1). The study demonstrated that plant‐derived SS mitigates Cd stress in grapevines by enhancing antioxidative defence mechanisms.
Two paths of news frames affecting support for particulate matter policies in South Korea: The moderating roles of media exposure and psychological distance
Authors: Lim In‐jae , Kim Yungwook , Kim Soyoung 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study examined the paths through which the news frames of particulate matter (PM) influence support for governmental policies aiming to address PM. It also explored the mediating effects of anxiety and risk perception in the relationship between news frames and policy support, as well as the moderating effects of media exposure and psychological distance on the PM news framing effect. Based on an experimental design (N = 676), two groups of news frames were prepared for comparison: a narrative frame group and a numerical frame group. The results showed no significant differences in anxiety or risk perception between the two groups. Further, no significant mediating effects of anxiety or risk perception were found in the process through which PM news frames influence support for governmental policies. However, media exposure significantly moderated the effect of the narrative frame: With high (low) media exposure, the narrative frame positively (negatively) influenced policy support through risk perception. Moreover, when the level of psychological distance was low, the narrative frame positively influenced policy support through risk perception. This study contributes to the literature on news framing of PM by integrating cognitive and emotional mechanisms in forming policy attitudes.
Representations of GLn(D)$GL_n(D)$ near the identity
Authors: Henniart Guy , Vignéras Marie‐France 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLet be a prime number, and a finite extension of or of . We consider the group for a positive integer and a central finite‐dimensional division ‐algebra of ‐dimension . For an irreducible smooth complex representation of , inspired by work of R. Howe when , we establish the existence and uniqueness of integers , for partitions of , such that for any small enough compact open subgroup of , the restriction of to is the same as that of the virtual representation , where the sum is over partitions of and is a parabolic subgroup of in the associate class determined by . When is minimal such that , we prove that is positive, equal to the dimension of a generalized Whittaker model of . We elucidate the behavior of under the Jacquet–Langlands correspondence of Badulescu from to . We extend the above result on near identity to a representation of over a field with characteristic not . For any Moy–Prasad pro‐ subgroup of , we determine from the integers a polynomial with integral coefficients and degree independent on , such that, for large enough integers , the dimension of fixed points in under the th congruence subgroup of is where is the cardinality of the residue field of .
Mechanics of a Tunable Bistable Metamaterial With Shape Memory Polymer
Authors: Lin Ruijie , Xu Shuai , Liu Zishun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Bistable metamaterials, characterized by their ability to transition between two stable configurations, find applications in the fields of morphing structures, energy harvesting systems, and bionics. Shape memory polymers (SMP) are a class of smart materials that can revert to their original shape from a deformed state when subjected to appropriate stimuli. In this study, we have designed and manufactured a tunable bistable metamaterial incorporating SMP, utilizing 3D printing technology. The unit cell of the metamaterial comprises a curved beam supported by walls. By modifying the material distribution, the structure can transition from a monostable to bistable states. To deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the tunable bistable metamaterial, we developed a theoretical model that quantifies the characteristics of state transitions. In particular, our theory can accurately predict the criteria for state transitions, governed by the modulus ratio between the curved beam and supporting walls. The accuracy of these criteria is validated through a combination of experimental and theoretical analyses, alongside finite element simulations. By applying this criterion, we can readily control the material's modulus ratio in the structure through thermal stimuli, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of tunable and programmable bistable metamaterials in this work.
A Comparative Study Between ASME B16.5 and EN1092-1 Weld Neck Flanges
Authors: Bouzid Abdel-Hakim , Bouzid Sofiane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, the most extensively used flange standards in the pressure vessels and pipping industry worldwide are ASME B16.5 and EN 1092-1. There has been a lot of hesitation in allowing easy functionality and interchangeability between the two standards because there is little or no information that compare them. The first standard has been in use since its first approval and publication in 1927. While the European standard was approved by CEN in 2001, it is based on DIN flange standard that was adopted in 1928. Although these standards have been evolved through the years it is worth conducting a comparative study of their present forms to help the design engineer comprehend the difference between the two standards in order to make an informed decision regarding the use of these standards in pressure vessel and piping projects around the world.
This paper compares the integrity and leak tightness of these two standard flanges and covers the sizes from 15 mm to 600 mm (NPS 0.5 to 24) and all nominal pressures from PN10 to PN400 and classes 150 to 2500. The study compares parameters such as flange rotation, the maximum stresses in the flanges, the gaskets contact stresses, the bolts loads and the level of tightness. The analyses are conducted using the analytical model describe in paper PVP2023-10936 using SA105 and flange materials at room temperature for the bolt-up and pressure conditions.