bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with early and late failure after goniotomy for primary pediatric glaucoma
Authors: Hassanein Dina H , Awadein Ahmed , Elhilali Hala 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: To analyze the risk factors associated with early and late failure after goniotomy for primary pediatric glaucoma. Methods: A retrospective study was done on infants who underwent goniotomy as the initial surgical procedure for primary pediatric glaucoma, and had a follow-up period ⩾48 months after surgery. Early and late failures were defined as intraocular pressure ⩾18 mmHg or signs of glaucoma progression before and after the end of first year, respectively. Results: A total of 81 eyes of 47 children were included. The mean age at the time of surgery was 6.1 ± 6.7 months, 34 children (72.3%) were bilateral. The mean follow-up was 5.9 ± 2.8 years. Of the included eyes, 41 eyes (50.6%) showed success, 25 eyes (30.9%) showed an early failure, and 15 eyes (18.5%) showed a late failure. The mean survival time was 43 months. However, only surgery before the end of the first month and positive consanguinity of the parents (P < 0.01 for both) were independent risk factors for early and late failure of goniotomy for primary pediatric glaucoma. Patients with late failure showed a statistically significant lower preoperative intraocular pressure (P = 0.02). A larger preoperative corneal diameter and a male gender were associated with higher but statistically insignificant failure rates. There were no differences in the early or late failure rates between unilateral and bilateral cases. Conclusion: A positive consanguinity of the parents and surgery before the end of the first month are the major predictors of failure of goniotomy.
Evaluation of Serum Apolipoprotein E as a Potential Biomarker for Pharmacological Therapeutic Efficacy Monitoring in Dopamine Dictated Disease Spectrum of Schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Gupta Ashish Kumar , Rani Komal , Swarnkar Surabhi , Kumar Gaurav Khunger , Khan Mohd Imran , Pokhriyal Ruchika , Kumar Domada Ratna , Goyal Vinay , Tripathi Manjari , Gupta Rishab , Chadda Rakesh Kumar , Vanamail Perumal , Hariprasad Gururao 
Published: October 2018

Aim of the Study: Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia are disease end points of dopaminergic deficit and hyperactivity, respectively, in the mid brain. Accordingly, current medications aim to restore normal dopamine levels, overshooting of which results in adverse effects of psychosis and extra-pyramidal symptoms, respectively. There are currently no available laboratory tests to guide treatment decisions or help predict adverse side effects of the drugs. The aim was to therefore explore the possibility of using apolipoprotein E as a biomarker to monitor pharmacological intervention in dopamine dictated states of Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia for optimum therapy. Methods: Naïve and treated, Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenic patients were recruited from neurology and psychiatry clinics. Serum of healthy volunteers was collected as controls. Serum concentrations of apolipoprotein E was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pathway analysis was carried out to delineate the interactions of apolipoprotein E in Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. Results: Apolipoprotein E levels are higher in Parkinson’s disease patients as compared with schizophrenic samples ( P < .05). Also, post-treatment apolipoprotein E levels in both disease states were at par with levels seen in healthy controls. The interactions of apolipoprotein E validate the results and place the differential expression of the protein in Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia in the right perspective. Conclusion: Apolipoprotein E concentration across the dopaminergic spectrum suggests that it can be pursued not only as a potential biomarker in schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease, but can also be an effective tool for clinicians to determine efficacy of drug-based therapy.
Spring School on Language, Music, and Cognition
Authors: Asano Rie , Bornus Pia , Craft Justin T. , Dolscheid Sarah , Faber Sarah E. M. , Haase Viviana , Heimerich Marvin , Kopparti Radha , Lobben Marit , Osawa Ayumi M. , Oudyk Kendra , Trettenbrein Patrick C. , Varelmann Timo , Wehrle Simon , Ya Runa , Grice Martine , Vogeley Kai 
Published: October 2018

The interdisciplinary spring school “Language, music, and cognition: Organizing events in time” was held from February 26 to March 2, 2018 at the Institute of Musicology of the University of Cologne. Language, speech, and music as events in time were explored from different perspectives including evolutionary biology, social cognition, developmental psychology, cognitive neuroscience of speech, language, and communication, as well as computational and biological approaches to language and music. There were 10 lectures, 4 workshops, and 1 student poster session. Overall, the spring school investigated language and music as neurocognitive systems and focused on a mechanistic approach exploring the neural substrates underlying musical, linguistic, social, and emotional processes and behaviors. In particular, researchers approached questions concerning cognitive processes, computational procedures, and neural mechanisms underlying the temporal organization of language and music, mainly from two perspectives: one was concerned with syntax or structural representations of language and music as neurocognitive systems (i.e., an intrapersonal perspective), while the other emphasized social interaction and emotions in their communicative function (i.e., an interpersonal perspective). The spring school not only acted as a platform for knowledge transfer and exchange but also generated a number of important research questions as challenges for future investigations.
What’s in a Name? Role Clarity Goes Well Beyond a Simple Title
Authors: Turner David A , Rehder Kyle J , Nagler Alisa , Aucoin Julia , Edwards Pam , Kuhn Catherine 
Published: October 2018

Background: Role clarity is important for patient care but challenging in graduate medical education (GME). Methods: Badge buddies were integrated for all GME trainees at a single institution, and surveys were conducted prior to and 5 months following implementation. Results: There were 932 pre- and 498 postimplementation respondents. Following implementation, both trainees and nurses reported improved awareness of GME training level, but there were no changes in patient/family perceptions. Conclusions: Badge buddies improved caregiver awareness of GME training level but did not impact patient/family perception. Patients appear to be focused primarily on relationships with caregivers and communication skills rather than a provider’s specific role.
Efficacy and safety of the switch of Triumeq® to generic (abacavir + lamivudine) + Tivicay®: data at 24 weeks
Authors: Olalla Julián , Pérez-Stachowski Javier , Tortajada Begoña , Del Arco Alfonso , Márquez Efrén , De la Torre Javier , Nieto Miriam , García de Lomas José María , Prada José Luis , García-Alegría Javier 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background
Generic drugs may help to support antiretroviral treatment. We want to assess the efficacy and safety at 24 weeks of the change of coformulated (abacavir + lamivudine + dolutegravir) to (abacavir + lamivudine) coformulated as a generic pharmaceutical specialty + dolutegravir.

Methods
Between February and June 2017, switch from Triumeq® to a generic pharmaceutical specialty co-formulated tablet (abacavir + lamivudine) plus Tivicay® was made. Demographic, viroimmunological characteristics and the Charlson index were collected. Six months after switching, efficacy and safety were evaluated.

Results
Switch was made in 93 patients, with a mean age of 47 years, after six months there were five patients (5.4%) with viral loads between 50 and 400 copies, no patient had viral loads of greater amount. There were 2 interruptions due to toxicity (2.15%), in relation to symptoms of the central nervous system. There were no differences in the amount of years with HAART, nor in the previous months with the STR regimen based on abacavir + lamivudine + dolutegravir, nor in the Charlson index. The effective saving in 2017 derived from the change in these 93 patients was € 125.512.

Conclusions
The change from a regimen of abacavir + lamivudine + dolutegravir seems to be safe and effective at 24 weeks.
The limited impact of acetic acid in archives and libraries
Authors: Ligterink Frank , Di Pietro Giovanna 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
For over two decades the exposure of paper heritage collections to outdoor and indoor generated gaseous pollutants has been perceived as an important threat to their preservation. Following explicit or implicit advise from conservation science, many archives, libraries and museums have implemented special chemical filtration units to prevent possible pollution induced damage. The most abundant, potentially harmful, indoor generated pollutant found in paper loaded storage rooms is acetic acid. Acids are known to promote the chemical degradation of cellulose, the major constituent of paper. These combined facts make clear why acetic acid has received much attention by conservation science as a prime suspect pollutant causing paper degradation. However, new experimental evidence contradicts the claim that acetic acid in typical storage situations causes significant damage to paper heritage. In this study a mathematical model is presented that expresses our understanding of the causal chain of processes connecting acetic acid exposure to paper damage. The model simply combines existing partial models describing (1) the transfer of acetic acid through air, (2) the pH response of paper and (3) the kinetics of acid-catalyzed hydrolytic depolymerization. The model makes apparent that the impact of acetic acid on archival and library collections is rather limited and poses an insignificant risk and as such requires a re-evaluation of existing data.
Psychological distress and psychiatric disorder after natural disasters: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Beaglehole Ben , Mulder Roger T. , Frampton Chris M. , Boden Joseph M. , Newton-Howes Giles , Bell Caroline J. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundNatural disasters are increasing in frequency and severity. They cause widespread hardship and are associated with detrimental effects on mental health.AimsOur aim is to provide the best estimate of the effects of natural disasters on mental health through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the rates of psychological distress and psychiatric disorder after natural disasters.MethodThis systematic review and meta-analysis is limited to studies that met predetermined quality criteria. We required included studies to make comparisons with pre-disaster or non-disaster exposed controls, and sample representative populations. Key studies were identified through a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO from 1980 to 3 March 2017. Random effects meta-analyses were performed for studies that reported key outcomes with appropriate statistics.ResultsForty-one studies were identified by the literature search, of which 27 contributed to the meta-analyses. Continuous measures of psychological distress were increased after natural disasters (combined standardised mean difference 0.63, 95% CI 0.27–0.98, P = 0.005). Psychiatric disorders were also increased (combined odds ratio 1.84, 95% CI 1.43–2.38, P < 0.001). Rates of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression were significantly increased after disasters. Findings for anxiety and alcohol misuse/dependence were not significant. High rates of heterogeneity suggest that disaster-specific factors and, to a lesser degree, methodological factors contribute to the variance between studies.ConclusionsIncreased rates of psychological distress and psychiatric disorders follow natural disasters. High levels of heterogeneity between studies suggest that disaster variables and post-disaster response have the potential to mitigate adverse effects.Declaration of interestNone.
Prepubertal skeletal muscle growth requires Pax7-expressing satellite cell-derived myonuclear contribution
Authors: Bachman John F. , Klose Alanna , Liu Wenxuan , Paris Nicole D. , Blanc Roméo S. , Schmalz Melissa , Knapp Emma , Chakkalakal Joe V. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
The functional role of Pax7-expressing satellite cells (SCs) in postnatal skeletal muscle development beyond weaning remains obscure. Therefore, the relevance of SCs during prepubertal growth, a period after weaning but prior to the onset of puberty, has not been examined. Here, we have characterized mouse skeletal muscle growth during prepuberty and found significant increases in myofiber cross-sectional area that correlated with SC-derived myonuclear number. Remarkably, genome-wide RNA-sequencing analysis established that post-weaning juvenile and early adolescent skeletal muscle have markedly different gene expression signatures. These distinctions are consistent with extensive skeletal muscle maturation during this essential, albeit brief, developmental phase. Indelible labeling of SCs with Pax7CreERT2/+; Rosa26nTnG/+ mice demonstrated SC-derived myonuclear contribution during prepuberty, with a substantial reduction at puberty onset. Prepubertal depletion of SCs in Pax7CreERT2/+; Rosa26DTA/+ mice reduced myofiber size and myonuclear number, and caused force generation deficits to a similar extent in both fast and slow-contracting muscles. Collectively, these data demonstrate SC-derived myonuclear accretion as a cellular mechanism that contributes to prepubertal hypertrophic skeletal muscle growth.
ADAP is an upstream regulator that precedes SLP-76 at sites of TCR engagement and stabilizes signaling microclusters
Authors: Lewis Juliana B. , Scangarello Frank A. , Murphy Joanne M. , Eidell Keith P. , Sodipo Michelle O. , Ophir Michael J. , Sargeant Ryan , Seminario Maria-Cristina , Bunnell Stephen C. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Antigen recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR) directs the assembly of essential signaling complexes known as SLP-76 (also known as LCP2) microclusters. Here, we show that the interaction of the adhesion and degranulation-promoting adaptor protein (ADAP; also known as FYB1) with SLP-76 enables the formation of persistent microclusters and the stabilization of T cell contacts, promotes integrin-independent adhesion and enables the upregulation of CD69. By analyzing point mutants and using a novel phospho-specific antibody, we show that Y595 is essential for normal ADAP function, that virtually all tyrosine phosphorylation of ADAP is restricted to a Y595-phosphorylated (pY595) pool, and that multivalent interactions between the SLP-76 SH2 domain and its binding sites in ADAP are required to sustain ADAP phosphorylation. Although pY595 ADAP enters SLP-76 microclusters, non-phosphorylated ADAP is enriched in protrusive actin-rich structures. The pre-positioning of ADAP at the contact sites generated by these structures favors the retention of nascent SLP-76 oligomers and their assembly into persistent microclusters. Although ADAP is frequently depicted as an effector of SLP-76, our findings reveal that ADAP acts upstream of SLP-76 to convert labile, Ca2+-competent microclusters into stable adhesive junctions with enhanced signaling potential.
Facile Synthesis of π-Conjugated Polymers via Direct Arylation Polycondensation
Authors: Kuwabara Junpei , Kanbara Takaki 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we summarize recent developments made by our group in direct arylation polycondensation. The direct arylation method under optimal conditions affords a high-molecular-weight polymer with high purity through a simple purification process. The high-quality polymers have been used as active materials for optoelectronic applications and show equivalent or superior performance to the same polymers prepared by conventional methods. The development of facile synthetic protocols could increase their practical applications. Recent developments in C-H/C-H coupling polycondensation are also described.
Development of Electrochemical Applications of Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes
Authors: Einaga Yasuaki 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
It is well known that “diamond” has ultra-high hardness and low electrical conductivity. However, introducing dopants such as boron into the diamond lattice during growth can increase its conductivity. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) with high conductivity is attracting increasing attention as one of the next-generation of superior electrode materials. In particular, it is expected that BDD electrodes can help solve some of our environmental problems and also improve our quality of life through their use in biomedical devices. Here, in this article, recent developments in the electrochemical applications of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes are introduced.
Female Reproductive, Adrenal, and Metabolic Changes during an Antarctic Traverse
Authors: GIFFORD ROBERT M. , O’LEARY THOMAS , COBB RINN , BLACKADDER-WEINSTEIN JODIE , DOUBLE REBECCA , WARDLE SOPHIE L. , ANDERSON RICHARD A. , THAKE C. DOUG , HATTERSLEY JOHN , IMRAY CHRISTOPHER H. E. , WILSON ADRIAN , GREEVES JULIE P. , REYNOLDS REBECCA M. , WOODS DAVID R. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To explore the effects of the first all-female transantarctic expedition on hormonal axes pertinent to reproductive and metabolic function.

Methods
Six females (age, 28–36 yr; body mass index, 24.2 ± 0.97 kg·m−2) hauled 80-kg sledges 1700 km in 61 d. Estimated average energy intake was 20.8 ± 0.1 MJ·d−1 (4970 ± 25 kcal·d−1). Whole and regional body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry 1 and 2 months before and 15 d after, the expedition. Body fat was also estimated by skinfold and bioimpedance immediately before and after the expedition. Basal metabolic and endocrine blood markers and, after 0.25 mg dexamethasone suppression, 1-h 10-μg gonadorelin and 1.0 μg adrenocortiocotrophin-(1–24) tests were completed, 39–38 d preexpedition and 4 to 5 d and 15 to 16 d postexpedition. Cortisol was assessed in hair (monthly average concentrations) and saliva (five-point day curves and two-point diurnal sampling).

Results
Average body mass loss was 9.37 ± 2.31 kg (P < 0.0001), comprising fat mass only; total lean mass was maintained. Basal sex steroids, corticosteroids, and metabolic markers were largely unaffected by the expedition except leptin, which decreased during the expedition and recovered after 15 d, a proportionately greater change than body fat. Luteinizing hormone reactivity was suppressed before and during the expedition, but recovered after 15 d, whereas follicle-stimulating hormone did not change during or after the expedition. Cortisol reactivity did not change during or after the expedition. Basal (suppressed) cortisol was 73.25 ± 45.23 mmol·L−1 before, 61.66 ± 33.11 mmol·L−1 5 d postexpedition and 54.43 ± 28.60 mmol·L−1 16 d postexpedition (P = 0.7). Hair cortisol was elevated during the expedition.

Conclusions
Maintenance of reproductive and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in women after an extreme physical endeavor, despite energy deficiency, suggests high female biological capacity for extreme endurance exercise.
Risk factors for diphtheria outbreak in children aged 1-10 years in East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: Muhamad Ramdan Iwan , Susanti Rahmi , Ifroh Riza Hayati , Noviasty Reny 
Published: October 2018

Background: Diphtheria remains a health problem, especially in developing countries. In November 2017, the Indonesian Ministry of Health stated that there was a diphtheria outbreak in Indonesia. East Kalimantan is one of the provinces that experienced this disease outbreak. This study analyzes the risk factors for diphtheria outbreak in children aged 1-10 years. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 37 respondents. Research variables consist of immunization status against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT), nutritional status, children mobility, source of transmission, physical home environment (natural lighting, ventilation area, occupancy density, wall and floor type), knowledge of diphtheria and attitudes towards the diphtheria prevention program. Results: We found that the most of the children who had diphtheria had been immunized against DPT. Additionally the nutritional status of children (p=0.049), mobility (p=0.000) and the source of transmission (p=0.020) were significantly associated with diphtheria. Conclusions: Child/parent mobility (OR=8.456) is the main risk factor for diphtheria outbreak. It is recommended to limit the mobility of children to travel to areas that are experiencing increased cases of diphtheria, improve the nutritional status, and further research on the effectiveness of diphtheria vaccine.
Large-scale analysis of B-cell epitopes of envelope: Implications for Zika vaccine and immunotherapeutic development
Authors: Almansour Iman , Alfares Rahaf , Aljofi Halah 
Published: October 2018

Background:Cases of the re-emergence of Zika virus in 2015 were associated with severe neurologic complications, including Gillien-Barre syndrome in adults and congenital Zika syndrome in newborns. The major structural determinant of immunity to the Zika virus is the E protein. Although B-cell epitopes of Zika E protein were recently identified, data regarding epitope variations among Zika strains in pre-epidemic and epidemic periods are lacking.Methods:Here, we conducted systematic bioinformatics analyses of Zika strains isolated between 1968 and 2017. Multiple sequence alignment of E protein as well as B-cell epitopes annotations were performed. In addition, homology-based approach was utilized to construct three-dimensional structures of monomeric E glycoproteins to annotate epitope variations. Lastly, ofN-glycosylation patterns and prediction of protein stability upon mutations were also investigated.Results:Our analyses indicates that epitopes recognized by human mAbs ZIKV-117, ZIKV-15, and ZIKV-119 were highly conserved, suggesting as attractive targets for the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutics directed against diverse Zika strains. In addition, the epitope recognized by ZIKV-E-2A10G6 mAb derived from immunized mice was highly conserved across Zika strains.Conclusions:Our data provide new insights regarding antigenic similarities between Zika strains circulating worldwide. These data are essential for understanding the impact of evolution on antigenic cross-reactivity between Zika lineages and strains. Furtherin-vitroanalyses are needed to determine how mutations could impact the development of vaccines that can effectively neutralize Zika viruses.