bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caffeine consumption and mortality in chronic kidney disease: a nationally representative analysis
Authors: Bigotte Vieira Miguel , Magriço Rita , Viegas Dias Catarina , Leitão Lia , Neves João Sérgio 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
An inverse relationship between coffee consumption and mortality has been reported in the general population. However, the association between caffeine consumption and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains uncertain.

Methods
We analysed 4863 non-institutionalized USA adults with CKD [defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 15–60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or a urinary albumin:creatinine ratio &gt;30 mg/g] in a nationwide study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2010. Caffeine consumption was evaluated by 24-h dietary recalls at baseline and all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality were evaluated until 31 December 2011. We also performed an analysis of caffeine consumption according to its source (coffee, tea and soft drinks). Quartiles of caffeine consumption were &lt;28.2 mg/day (Q1), 28.2–103.0 (Q2), 103.01–213.5 (Q3) and &gt;213.5 (Q4).

Results
During a median follow-up of 60 months, 1283 participants died. Comparing with Q1 of caffeine consumption, the adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.74 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60–0.91] for Q2, 0.74 (95% CI 0.62–0.89) for Q3 and 0.78 (95% CI 0.62–0.98) for Q4 (P = 0.02 for trend across quartiles). There were no significant interactions between caffeine consumption quartiles and CKD stages or urinary albumin:creatinine ratio categories regarding all-cause mortality.

Conclusions
We detected an inverse association between caffeine consumption and all-cause mortality among participants with CKD.
Globalization and support for unemployment spending in Asia: do Asian citizens want to embed liberalism?
Authors: Lim Sijeong , Burgoon Brian 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Scholars have long debated whether economic globalization increases citizen support for welfare policies to compensate for or insure against the new economic risks. The vast majority of what we know about such issues is gleaned from study of Western polities. We know little of such dynamics in Asia, the continent harboring much of the world’s population and having experienced the most extensive development in economic globalization. This article remedies such silence by focusing on public opinion in Asian countries to substantially rethink whether and under what conditions globalization exposure generates support for welfare spending. We argue that two such conditions are crucial: (a) levels of economic development influencing who wins and loses under globalization and (b) existing institutions for social protection that influence whether globalization’s losers look to public forms of compensation. We find support for our rethinking of embedded liberalism using five rounds of the Asiabarometer survey covering 28 Asian countries.
A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study of Tinnitus Awareness and Impact in a Population of Adult Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Gomersall Philip A. , Baguley David M. , Carlyon Robert P. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
The primary aim was to identify the proportion of individuals within the adult cochlear implant population who are aware of tinnitus and those who report a negative impact from this perception, using a bespoke questionnaire designed to limit bias. A secondary aim was to use qualitative analysis of open-text responses to identify themes linked to tinnitus perception in this population.

Design:
A cross-sectional questionnaire study of a large clinical population who received an implant from Cambridge University Hospitals, United Kingdom.

Results:
Seventy-five percent of respondents reported tinnitus awareness. When impact scores for six areas of difficulty were ranked, 13% of individuals ranked tinnitus their primary concern and nearly a third ranked tinnitus in the top two positions. Tinnitus impact was not found to reduce with duration since implantation. The most common open-text responses were linked to a general improvement postimplantation and acute tinnitus alleviation specific to times when the device was in use.

Conclusions:
Tinnitus is a problem for a significant proportion of individuals with a cochlear implant. Clinicians, scientists, and cochlear implant manufacturers should be aware that management of tinnitus may be a greater priority for an implantee than difficulties linked to speech perception. Where a positive effect of implantation was reported, there was greater evidence for masking of tinnitus via the implant rather than reversal of maladaptive plasticity.
Auditory Streaming and Prediction in Tinnitus Sufferers
Authors: Durai Mithila , Sanders Michael , Kobayashi Kei , Searchfield Grant D. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to determine whether auditory streaming (segregation of incoming sounds into separate sound sources) and the ability to anticipate future auditory events are affected in tinnitus sufferers compared with nontinnitus controls with matched levels of hearing. It was hypothesized that tinnitus would result in abnormal electroencephalography responses to tone deviants and tone omissions compared to controls for frequencies near the pitch of tinnitus, and this should correspond with increased levels of cortical γ and θ oscillatory rhythms.

Design:
Sixteen individuals with tinnitus (10 men and 6 women; age, 53.44; SD, 12.92 years) and 14 control participants (8 men and 6 women; age, 50.25; SD, 18.54 years) took part in the study. A modified version of the ABA streaming paradigm, with repeating triplet pattern of two frequencies (A and B) presented as A-B-A, was used to examine deviant-related prediction error. Omission-related prediction errors were examined using a modified version of a tone-omission paradigm. Regions of interest were frontocentral, left frontal, right frontal, and temporal lobes.

Results:
A larger N1c waveform was elicited in the absence of any tone deviation within the left primary auditory cortex of tinnitus participants. No differences were present between groups for omissions. The only difference in oscillatory band activity between the two groups in this study was in response to tones 7 semitones different from tinnitus pitch, with significantly lower β-2 band activity present for the tinnitus group, correlating most with activity within the right inferior occipital gyrus.

Conclusions:
The findings from this study imply that cortical-level auditory stream segregation is altered among individuals with tinnitus.
Amputation Outcomes in Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia
Authors: Westberry David E. , Carpenter Ashley M. , Tisch Jocelyn , Wack Linda I. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Successful radiographic union in the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) may be complicated by persistent pain, recurrent fracture, and poor function necessitating further intervention, including amputation. The long-term functional, radiographic, and clinical outcomes of patients who have undergone amputation as treatment for CPT are unknown.

Methods:
A retrospective study of patients with a diagnosis of CPT secondary to neurofibromatosis and eventual treatment with amputation were included. Clinical and radiographic data, including initial Crawford classification, type of amputation, subsequent operative procedures, and evidence of radiographic healing were collected.

Results:
A total of 17 patients with a mean age of 4.5 years (range, 0.7 to 9.2 y) at the time of amputation met inclusion criteria. Clinical follow-up averaged 11.1 years (range, 2.1 to 18.4 y), with radiographic follow-up averaging 9.1 years (range, 2.1 to 16.4 y). The mean number of surgeries before amputation was 2.2 procedures. Four patients underwent amputation as the primary procedure (3 Boyd, 1 below knee amputation (BKA)). At the time of amputation, a Boyd amputation was performed in 13 patients with stabilization of the pseudoarthrosis achieved with retrograde Rush rodding of the tibia and local autograft. A transtibial amputation (BKA) was performed in 4.
After the Boyd procedure, 4 of the 13 patients (31%) demonstrated persistent nonunion of the pseudoarthrosis and required secondary procedures to gain union. At the most recent follow-up, 12 of 13 patients demonstrated successful radiographic healing of the pseudoarthrosis. Two patients, one for persistent pain and the other for refracture, were later converted to a BKA during the late teen years. All patients functioned well with the use of prosthetic devices.

Conclusions:
Union of the pseudoarthrosis occurred in >90% of cases following amputation. However, secondary procedures were required in 13 of the 17 patients (76%). Early amputation in the treatment of CPT provides a stable extremity and potential for a high level of function with the use of an adequate prosthesis.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.
We Matter Too! Addressing the Wellness of Program Coordinators in Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Ewen Alana M. , Gardiner Paula M. , Palma Sandra , Whitley Kathryn , Schneider Jeffrey I. 
Published: June 2018

Introduction:
Burnout and stress in medical settings have been associated with despondent staff and decreased productivity. Although Program Coordinators (PCs) play an integral role in residency training programs, there exist few, if any, interventions aimed at addressing their burnout.

Methods:
A longitudinal study design was used to evaluate data from residency/fellowship training PCs who participated in a wellness retreat held at a single institution in August 2016. Subjects completed anonymous, pre- and post-retreat questionnaires in addition to a 3-month follow-up questionnaire, which included questions used to assess aspects of job demand, resiliency, and well-being. The seven-item Physician Well-Being Index and a logistic regression model were used to assess well-being. Mean values and SDs were reported to examine changes in mental health scores and participants' job satisfaction over the course of the intervention.

Results:
Nineteen of the 45 (43%) invited residency/fellowship training PCs completed data collection. Coordinators ranged in age from 25 to 64 years; all were female. Well-being, sleep, resiliency, and employee satisfaction scores improved over the assessment period. Well-being scores initially decreased by 0.37 at the postassessment, but increased at follow-up (mean: 2.0; SD 1.7). Stress scores increased from baseline to post, but decreased from baseline to follow-up: 0.2 and −0.2, respectively.

Discussion:
Residency PCs experienced improvements in mental quality of life, resiliency, stress, and sleep scores on attending the wellness program. Attention to such findings may have important implications, as we address the burnout crisis in the medical education community.
Measuring the Depth of Perineural Invasion in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Biopsy Technique
Authors: Tang Jennifer C. , Kim Seung-David L. , Stratman Erik J. 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND
Perineural invasion (PNI) is a high-risk feature of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Depths at which PNI occurs are unknown.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the most superficial depth at which PNI occurs in CSCC and stratify by tumor clinical diameter and body location.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
Single-institution retrospective review of CSCC specimens reporting PNI on pathology reports between January 2004 and August 2014. Depth was defined as distance from top of granular layer to middle of nerve invaded by CSCC or distance from erosion to middle of nerve affected by CSCC.

RESULTS
Of 66 specimens identified with PNI, 45 specimens were included. Mean histopathologic depth to PNI was 2.7 mm (SD = 1.8 mm, median depth = 2.2 mm, range 0.5–12 mm). Perineural invasion depth varied by anatomic location, with the head associated with most superficial average PNI depth (2.2 mm) and trunk with greatest average PNI depth (4.3 mm). Perineural invasion depth correlated with clinical tumor diameter. The largest percentage of specimens with PNI were of clinical diameter of at least 2 cm (20/45 = 44%).

CONCLUSION
Clinicians encountering lesions suspicious for CSCC have the greatest chance of detecting PNI using biopsy techniques that reach at least 3 to 4 mm deep.
Preliminary Experience With More Stable Polidocanol Foam in Sclerotherapy of Head and Neck Venous Malformations
Authors: Chen An-Wei , Liu Shao-Hua , Huang Ying-Ying , Wang Tao 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND
Foam sclerotherapy is an effective treatment strategy for venous malformations (VMs). Stability is one of the characteristics of sclerosant foams that determine the sclerosing power.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinical outcomes of sclerotherapy with prolonged half-life of hyaluronic acid (HA)–polidocanol (POL) foam for treating head and neck VMs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seventy patients with head and neck VMs were enrolled between October 2013 and January 2015 in Qilu Hospital Shandong University. Sclerotherapy was performed with prolonged half-life POL foam by addition of 0.05% HA. All patients were followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months. Reviews on the site and size of the lesion, times and duration of treatments, therapeutic response, and complications were performed to evaluate the end result.

RESULTS
Sites of lesions included face, bucca, parotid region, neck, tongue, floor of mouth, lip, forehead, palate, and nose. An overall average of 2.5 treatments was required. Total response rate was 100%. “Resolution” was achieved in 21 cases (30%) and a significant response in 49 patients (70%). Immediate swelling was the most common complication. Epidermal extravasation was seen in 1 patient. Mucosal ulcer was observed in 1 patient. No generalized complications occurred.

CONCLUSION
The prolonged half-life of HA–POL foam sclerotherapy of VMs in the head and neck is safe and effective.
Convex Probe EBUS-guided Fiducial Placement for Malignant Central Lung Lesions
Authors: Majid Adnan , Palkar Atul , Kheir Fayez , Alape Daniel , Fernandez-Bussy Sebastian , Aronovitz Joseph , Guerrero Jorge , Gangadharan Sidhu , Kent Michael , Whyte Richard , Folch Erik 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) had become a therapeutic modality in patients with primary tumors, locally recurrent as well as oligometastasis involving the lung. Some modalities of SBRT require fiducial marker (FM) for dynamic tumor tracking. Previous studies have focused on evaluating bronchoscopic-guided FM placement for peripheral lung nodules. We describe the safety and feasibility of placing FM using real-time convex probe endobronchial ultrasound (CP-EBUS) for SBRT in patients with centrally located hilar/mediastinal masses or lymph nodes.

Methods:
This is a retrospective review of patients who were referred to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center’s multidisciplinary thoracic oncology program for FM placement to pursue SBRT.

Results:
Thirty-seven patients who underwent real-time CP-EBUS were included. Patients had a median age of 71 years [interquartile range (IQR), 59.5 to 80.5]. The median size of the lesion was 2.2 cm (IQR, 1.4 to 3.3 cm). The median distance from the central airway was 2.4 cm (IQR, 0 to 3.4 cm). A total of 51 FMs (median of 1 per patient) were deployed in 37 patients. At the time of SBRT planning, 46 (90.2%) were confirmed radiologically in 32 patients. Patients with unsuccessful fiducial deployment (n=5) underwent a second procedure using the same technique. Of those, 3 patients had a successful fiducial placement via bronchoscopy, 1 patient required FM placement by percutaneous computed tomography-guided approach and 1 patient required FM placement through EUS by gastroenterology.

Conclusion:
CP-EBUS-guided FM placement for patients with malignant lymph nodes and central parenchymal lung lesions appears to be safe and feasible.
Demonstration of Treatment Response to Trans-arterial Radio-embolization (TARE) on 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT in a Patient With Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Vadi Shelvin Kumar , Mittal Bhagwant Rai , Kumar Rajender , Parihar Ashwin Singh , Shukla Jaya , Kalra Navin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Here we report a 31-year-old man with a peri-ampullary neuroendocrine tumor (NET), who underwent 68Ga DOTANOC-PET/CT for recurrence evaluation, which revealed isolated metastatic lesion in liver segment V. He underwent trans-arterial radio-embolization (TARE) of the isolated hepatic metastasis with 188Rhenium-microspheres in a lipiodol matrix. The second 68Ga DOTANOC-PET/CT was performed one month after the TARE therapy revealed resolution of the tracer uptake with good retention of the lipiodol complex replacing the metastasis suggesting a complete response.
Intramuscular Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Martins Filipe , Stalder Gregoire , Van Der Gucht Axel , Grandoni Francesco , Cairoli Anne 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We present an interesting image of a painless growing mass of the right arm in a 76-year-old man. A musculoskeletal MRI of the right arm showed a 7.5 × 3-cm homogeneous, well-defined mass, elongated along the course of muscle fascias and independent of the adjacent bone. A core-needle biopsy was performed, and the diagnosis of low-grade follicular lymphoma was established. Intramuscular lymphoma should be integrated into the differential diagnosis of tumors surrounding neurovascular structures, alongside peripheral nerve tumors and soft tissue sarcoma. MRI and whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT features provided useful information to refine differential diagnosis in this case.
Demographic inference in a spatially-explicit ecological model from genomic data: a proof of concept for the Mojave Desert Tortoise
Authors: Ashander Jaime , Ralph Peter , McCartney-Melstad Evan , Shaffer H. Bradley 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we study the general problem of extracting information from spatially explicit genomic data to inform inference of ecologically and geographically realistic population models. We describe methods and apply them to simulations motivated by the demography of the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). The tortoise is an example of a long-lived, threatened species for which we have an excellent understanding of range, habitat preference, and certain aspects of demography, but inadequate information on other life history components that are important for conservation management. We use an individual-based model on a discretized geographic landscape with overlapping generations and age and sex-specific dispersal, fecundity, and mortality to develop and test a method that uses genomic data to infer demographic parameters. We do this by seeking parameters that best match a set of spatial statistics of genomes, which we introduce and discuss. We find that for inferring only overall population density and mean migration distance, a simple statistical learning method performs well using simulated training data, inferring parameters to within 10% accuracy. In the process, we introduce spatial analogues of common population genetics statistics, and discuss how and why they are expected to contain signal about the geography of population dynamics that are key for ecological modeling generally and conservation of endangered taxa.
Development of reduced gluten wheat enabled by determination of the genetic basis of thelys3alow hordein barley mutant
Authors: Moehs Charles P. , Austill William J. , Holm Aaron , Large Tao A. G. , Loeffler Dayna , Mullenberg Jessica , Schnable Patrick S. , Skinner Wayne , Boxtel Jos van , Wu Liying , McGuire Cate 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCeliac disease is the most common food-induced enteropathy in humans with a prevalence of approximately 1% world-wide [1]. It is induced by digestion-resistant, proline- and glutamine-rich seed storage proteins, collectively referred to as “gluten,” found in wheat. Related prolamins are present in barley and rye. Both celiac disease and a related condition called non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) are increasing in incidence [2] [3]. This has prompted efforts to identify methods of lowering gluten in wheat, one of the most important cereal crops. Here we used BSR-seq (Bulked Segregant RNA-seq) and map-based cloning to identify the genetic lesion underlying a recessive, low prolamin mutation (lys3a) in diploid barley. We confirmed the mutant identity by complementing thelys3amutant with a transgenic copy of the wild type barley gene and then used TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes) [4] to identify induced SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) in the three homoeologs of the corresponding wheat gene. Combining inactivating mutations in the three sub-genomes of hexaploid bread wheat in a single wheat line lowered gliadin and low molecular weight glutenin accumulation by 50-60% and increased free and protein-bound lysine by 33%. This is the first report of the combination of mutations in homoeologs of a single gene that reduces gluten in wheat.
Parameterising continuum models of heat transfer in heterogeneous living skin using experimental data
Authors: McInerney Sean , Carr Elliot J , Simpson Matthew J 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this work we consider a recent experimental data set describing heat conduction in living porcine tissues. Understanding this novel data set is important because porcine skin is similar to human skin. Improving our understanding of heat conduction in living skin is relevant to understanding burn injuries, which are common, painful and can require prolonged and expensive treatment. A key feature of skin is that it is layered, with different thermal properties in different layers. Since the experimental data set involves heat conduction in thin living tissues of anesthetised animals, an important experimental constraint is that the temperature within the living tissue is measured at one spatial location within the layered structure. Our aim is to determine whether this data is sufficient to reliably infer the heat conduction parameters in layered skin, and we use a simplified two-layer mathematical model of heat conduction to mimic the generation of experimental data. Using synthetic data generated at one location in the two-layer mathematical model, we explore whether it is possible to infer values of the thermal diffusivity in both layers. After this initial exploration, we then examine how our ability to infer the thermal diffusivities changes when we vary the location at which the experimental data is recorded, as well as considering the situation where we are able to monitor the temperature at two locations within the layered structure. Overall, we find that our ability to parameterise a model of heterogeneous heat conduction with limited experimental data is very sensitive to the location where data is collected. Our modelling results provide guidance about optimal experimental design that could be used to guide future experimental studies.NomenclatureA brief description of all variables used in the document are given in Table 1.Table 1:Variable nomenclature and description.