bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The current role and perceived benefits and barriers of secondary care pharmacists facilitating patient participation in Clinical Trials of Investigational Medicinal Products (CTIMPs) conducted within the NHS: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Watson Michelle , Bewick Bridgette M. , Tharmanathan Puvan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesSecondary care pharmacists are well positioned within the healthcare system to communicate with patients and provide guidance and advice regarding drug treatments. They are able to broaden the opportunities to raise the profile of Clinical Trials of Investigational Medicinal Products (CTIMPs) and positively influence research. This research aimed to investigate the perceived benefits and barriers of secondary care pharmacists being involved in CTIMPs, their current role, and the perceived benefits and barriers of developing their role in facilitating patient participation for CTIMPs (eg, by identifying or recruiting potential participants).MethodsA cross‐sectional quantitative online survey circulated to pharmacy professionals within the UK.ResultsInvolvement in CTIMPs and the facilitation of patient participation offered several benefits including improved communication and relationships with other healthcare professionals, developing the profession, developing training and knowledge, and exploring a personal interest. The main barriers to involvement included a lack of opportunities or awareness of opportunities, time, and funding or resources. Those employed at sites with a larger number of CTIMPs agreed more with the disadvantages; however, they also showed greater agreeance towards the benefits of pharmacy being involved in facilitating patient participation.ConclusionsMost respondents do not currently have a role in identifying or recruiting potential participants. Despite this, being involved in CTIMPs and the facilitation of patient participation was suggested to offer several benefits. Given many participants agreed there are barriers to their involvement, future research should focus on exploring organizational and individual challenges with the aim of enabling pharmacists to support recruitment activities.
Potentially Inappropriate Medication Prescriptions for Older Adults with Painful Conditions and Association with Return Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Chukwulebe Steve B. , Kim Howard S. , McCarthy Danielle M. , Courtney D. Mark , Lank Patrick M. , Gravenor Stephanie J. , Dresden Scott M. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo describe the frequency and risk of return visit to the emergency department (ED) by older adults after prescription of any of four potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) classes included in the 2015 Beers Criteria commonly used for the relief of acute pain in the ED.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingLarge urban academic ED from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2015.ParticipantsPatients age 65 and older discharged from the ED with an initial pain score of 1 or higher (11 822 visits).MeasurementsPrescriptions for PIM classes were collected from the medical record: nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), benzodiazepines, skeletal muscle relaxants, and opioids. The proportion of patients with ED returns within 9 days were compared by medication class and pain severity (mild, moderate, or severe). Multivariable logistic regression was performed for each pain category to determine adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of ED return.ResultsOf 11 822 included patients, PIMs were prescribed in 3392 (28.7%): 2550 (21.6%) opioids, 826 (7.0%) NSAIDs, 277 (2.3%) benzodiazepines, and 68 (0.6%) nonbenzodiazepine skeletal muscle relaxants. Total 9‐day ED returns were 1125 (9.5%): mild 7.0%, moderate 8.3%, and severe pain 11.7%. Opioids were not associated with more frequent ED returns for mild or moderate pain, and they were associated with less frequent ED returns for severe pain (9.2% vs 12.7%; p < .001; aOR 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54‐0.87). Benzodiazepines were associated with more frequent ED returns for patients with moderate pain (15.5% vs 8.2%; p < .01; aOR = 2.01; 95%CI = 1.10‐3.70).ConclusionsThese results are consistent with recommendations to limit benzodiazepine prescriptions for older adults and that among older adults with severe pain, opioid prescribing is associated with less frequent ED visits within 9 days of discharge. However, this study was not designed to evaluate safety, adverse events, or other important patient‐centered outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:719–725, 2019.
Prediction effects of serum CA125 decrease ratio during different cycles in relapsed ovarian cancer
Authors: Wang Jieyu , Liu Yuantao , Li Jun , Lu Xin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the prognostic value of serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125) levels during chemotherapy in relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and to identify cut‐off values that distinguish patients who relapse beyond 12 months from those who relapse within 12 months.MethodsAbout 93 relapsed EOC patients who received cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy at Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University between January 2003 and March 2015 were selected. Univariate regression analysis was used to determine the significant prognostic factors. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate the overall survival (OS) rate.ResultsThe CA125 decrease ratio of more than 97.6% after the fourth chemotherapy cycle was significantly associated with relapse time (P = 0.044). The sensitivity was 70.0%, and the specificity was 76.9%. Moreover, in all relapsed patients, the group with the CA125 decrease ratio after the fourth chemotherapy cycle of more than 97.6% had a significantly better OS than any other group (P = 0.0019).ConclusionThe CA125 decrease ratio of less than 97.6% after the fourth chemotherapy cycle can be a predictive factor for relapse within 12 months. Patients without a significant decrease in CA125 after four cycles of chemotherapy should have a more frequent follow‐up and more active re‐examination.
Phylogenetic and functional structures of plant communities along a spatiotemporal urbanization gradient: Effects of colonization and extinction
Authors: Cui Yi Chong , Song Kun , Guo Xue Yan , van Bodegom Peter M. , Pan Ying Ji , Tian Zhi Hui , Chen Xiao Shuang , Wang Jie , Da Liang Jun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractQuestionUrbanization has remarkable impacts on the phylogenetic and functional structures of plant communities. Both temporal and spatial comparisons along urbanization gradients are widely used in related studies, but there has been a lack of consistency in the results. Moreover, there is a need for studies that determine species assembly mechanisms through immigration and extinction. Therefore, two questions were addressed: (a) How do the phylogenetic and functional structures of ruderal species respond to urbanization, and do their shifts follow a similar pattern along temporal and spatial urbanization gradients? (b) What are the key underlying processes, i.e., either extinction‐ or colonization‐caused clustering, that determine the phylogenetic and functional structures of ruderal species under urbanization?Study siteTwo metropoles (Shanghai and Harbin) experiencing rapid urbanization in China.MethodsWe collected occurrence data on ruderal species from 1955 and the present in two cities. Standardized effect sizes of mean pairwise phylogenetic distance and of mean pairwise functional distance values (MPDSES and MFDSES, resp.) were calculated to test whether there was phylogenetic and/or functional structure clustering along spatial or temporal urbanization gradients. β‐MPDSES and β‐MFDSES values were used to quantify the similarities among colonists, extinct species, and residents.ResultsAlong both the spatial and temporal gradients, the MPDSES values in each city decreased from significantly positive to significantly negative with increasing urbanization. Inconsistently, along the temporal gradients, the β‐MPDSES values of the colonists/extinct species to the residents were significantly negative; along the spatial gradients, the β‐MPDSES values of extinct species to residents were significantly positive with increasing urbanization.ConclusionsWe found there was a clear phylogenetic clustering of ruderal species with increasing spatial and temporal urbanization gradients. Our analysis showed that the changes across the urban–rural gradient are mainly driven by species going extinct that are phylogenetically dissimilar to the resident species. The temporal dynamics are, however, primarily driven by colonist species that are phylogenetically similar to the resident species.
Extending the Reach of Research: Introducing Open Accessible Summaries at Language Learning
Authors: Marsden Emma , Trofimovich Pavel , Ellis Nick 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOpen science practices, which include efforts to enhance accessibility to data and materials and to improve the dissemination of findings to broader audiences, have been at the forefront of the open science movement worldwide. Language Learning is proud to extend its support of open science practices by participating in the OASIS (Open Accessible Summaries in Language Studies) initiative, which aims to make language‐related research openly available and easily accessible, both physically and conceptually. As part of the OASIS initiative, Language Learning now publishes accessible summaries of all accepted articles, including reviews and syntheses. Written in nontechnical language, accessible summaries provide information about each study's goals, its design and approach, and its results, highlighting findings that may be of interest to those outside academia, such as language educators. We outline key rationales leading to the development of accessible summaries, describe their core features, and discuss some of their strengths and weaknesses.
What is Antiphilosophy?
Authors: Djordjevic Charles M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn certain philosophical quarters, a new metaphilosophical position is being discussed—antiphilosophy. Such a position seems to maintain that there is no distinction between philosophy and sophistry, reason and rhetoric, arguing and emoting. This paper examines antiphilosophy. Specifically, it aims to address three interrelated questions: Is antiphilosophy a possible metaphilosophical position? If it is, what characterizes it? And what ramifications would it have? The paper argues that antiphilosophy is possible and is best construed as an attempt to reconstruct philosophical discourse on noncognitive lines. Explicitly, “to assert” and the belief propositional attitude is replaced by “to convince” and a pro‐attitude desire to rhetorically talk someone into something. The paper examines one possible form such a position could take as well as various ramifications of it.
Species distribution and epidemiological characteristics of superficial fungal infections in Southeastern Serbia
Authors: Otašević Suzana , Momčilović Stefan , Golubović Milan , Ignjatović Aleksandra , Rančić Nataša , Đorđević Marina , Ranđelović Marina , Hay Roderick , Arsić‐Arsenijević Valentina 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundSuperficial fungal infections (SFI), one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, are infections of keratin‐rich structures of human body mostly caused by dermatophytes and yeasts.ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to determine the possible changes in the epidemiology of SFI on the territory of Southeastern Serbia and to investigate epidemiological characteristics and the influence of SFI on the patient's quality of life.MethodsFrom 2012 to the end of 2017, samples of 1643 patients (568 males and 1075 females, mean age 40.32 ± 22.44 years) with suspected SFI from Southeastern Serbia were examined using the standard mycological methods. The questionnaires were used to investigate epidemiological characteristics.ResultsSuperficial fungal infections were diagnosed in 20.5% (n = 336) of patients. In the group of dermatophytes, the most prevalent was Microsporum canis (63.9%, n = 76) followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (21.8%, n = 26). Non‐albicans Candida species were dominant aetiological agents of superficial candidosis (62.3%). BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (P = 0.019) was determined as an independent risk factor for SFI. There was a statistically significant difference in the EQVAS score between the groups of patients and the control group (P < 0.001).ConclusionsResults of conducted study indicate that SFI prevalence has not changed in the previous period. However, increase of Candida‐SFI prevalence, especially Candida onychomycosis, was established.
Pathogen and disease characteristics of marigold black spot in Beijing and surrounding areas
Authors: Cheng X. , Lu Y. , Chen D. , Luo C. , Li M. , Huang C. 
Published: January 2019

Annual epidemics of black spot, a serious disease of marigold (Tagetes erecta), developed in Beijing and surrounding areas from 2011 to 2015. Alternaria tagetica was isolated from marigold showing symptoms from Beijing and Hebei province, and pathogen characteristics and meteorological factors influencing disease development were investigated. The optimum growth temperature of the fungus was 20–25 °C. Field experiments conducted from 2011 to 2014 to evaluate diseased residual branches indicated that marigold residues from the previous year are a likely source of primary inoculum. Regression analysis showed that temperature and precipitation were explanatory factors for disease development from 2013 to 2015. Structural equation modelling indicated that the contributions of temperature degree‐day and rainfall to disease intensity were 27% and 30%, respectively. Augmented Dickey–Fuller test results indicated stability in the residual sequence and co‐integration between the variables daily average temperature, daily average precipitation, daily average humidity and daily disease intensity. Error‐correction modelling showed that temperature, lagged order of temperature, precipitation, lagged order of precipitation, lagged order of disease intensity and the error term were significant. Research indicated that A. tagetica was the primary pathogen of marigold black spot, and that crop rotation could play a useful role in management of the disease, whilst increased rainfall and reduced temperature provide superior conditions for disease spread and infection. There is potential for the results of this study to be used by municipal agriculture authorities in the prediction of marigold black spot in Beijing.
On‐Ground extension of soil information to improve land management
Authors: Packer Ian J. , Chapman Greg A. , Lawrie John W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe NSW Soil Knowledge Network (SKN) is a small group of senior ex‐government soil scientists concerned that more needs to be done to improve soil management and stem land degradation with on‐ground extension and training workshops. Widespread attendance and positive feedback from SKN training courses and workshops indicate their extension success and confirm a strong demand for practical independent soil management advice aided by government‐based databases to enhance on‐site workshops. We argue that effective soil knowledge transfer requires interaction and discussion between soil scientists and land managers. This can bridge the gap between data and useful knowledge about soil and land management. The workshop format, where specific soil management issues of specific interest, such as soil acidity, nutrient management or soil sodicity, are discussed between land managers and soil scientists, has been a useful approach. A major concern is that soil scientists with knowledge and practical experience are getting older and fewer in number but few replacements are being appointed in private or government agencies. Also, despite soil electronic data and information being freely available, many land managers and advisors have difficulties accessing and translating soil data into relevant land management decisions. Dialogue with SKN members helps solve this problem because of their hands‐on and face‐to‐face approach with their audiences. The combination of data with effective soil knowledge transfer is successfully exhibited at SKN workshops for advisory groups and the ‘pits and kits’ field days as shown in the paper.
Outcomes of Norovirus diarrheal infections and Clostridioides difficile infections in kidney transplant recipients: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Rolak Stacey , Di Bartolomeo Sarah , Jorgenson Margaret R. , Saddler Christopher M. , Singh Tripti , Astor Brad C. , Parajuli Sandesh 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRecently, Norovirus has been recognized as an important cause of diarrheal infection in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). We assessed the risk factors and outcomes of Norovirus diarrheal infections (NVDI) and Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) on graft and patient survival following kidney transplant (KT). We examined KTRs transplanted at our center between 1994 and 2014, and compared those who suffered from NVDI and CDI with patients who did not develop either infection. Each patient with NVDI or CDI was matched with five controls based on time from transplant. Of the 4941 KTs performed during the study period, there were 2112 evaluable cases: 66 NVDI cases, 286 CDI cases, and 1760 controls. Median uncensored graft survival following infection was 497.5 days for the NVDI group, 440 days for the CDI group, and 1271 days for controls. Those with CDI had significantly inferior graft survival than controls (HR 2.41; CI 2.01, 2.90; P < 0.001), and those with NVDI had a 23% lower risk of graft survival than controls (HR 1.23; CI 1.0, 1.52; P = 0.054). Diarrheal infection after KT is associated with reduced long‐term graft survival.
Efficacy and safety of a new intravenous immunoglobulin (Panzyga®) in chronic immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Arbach O. , Taumberger A. B. , Wietek S. , Cervinek L. , Salama A. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryObjectivesTo assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 10% (Panzyga®), a novel human normal IVIG 10%, in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).BackgroundFirst‐line treatment options in ITP include IVIGs.MethodsIn this prospective, open‐label, non‐controlled, multicentre, phase III study, patients received a daily dose of IVIG 10% (1 g kg−1 body weight) for two consecutive days. The primary end point was clinical response rate; secondary end points included alternate response definitions, time to response, response duration, platelet counts, regression of bleeding and safety.ResultsForty patients were enrolled (57·5% male, mean age 36·7 years); the full analysis set comprised 36 patients. A clinical response was seen for 29 of 36 patients (80·6%). Median time to response and response duration was 2 days and 14 days, respectively. IVIG 10% was well tolerated at a maximum infusion rate of 8 mg (kg min)−1 in all but one patient; adverse events were mainly mild to moderate in severity, and the most frequent was headache (42·5%).ConclusionIVIG 10% is well tolerated even at a high infusion speed and induces a rapid platelet count increase, thus decreasing the bleeding rate and the severity of bleeding events.Trial registry: ClinicalTrials.gov record: NCT01349790.
Assessment of naturally acquired neutralizing antibodies against rabies Lyssavirus in a subset of Nunavik’s Inuit population considered most at risk of being exposed to rabid animals
Authors: Ducrocq Julie , Proulx Jean‐François , Lévesque Benoît , De Serres Gaston , Wood Heidi , Lemire Mélanie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractContact with infected saliva through the bite of a rabid animal is the main route of infection with the rabies Lyssavirus in humans. Although a few individuals have survived the infection, rabies remains the most lethal zoonotic infection worldwide. Over the last century, the dogma that rabies is invariably fatal has been challenged by the survival and recovery of infected animals. In humans, 11 studies have found rabies virus‐specific antibodies in unvaccinated individuals exposed to rabies virus reservoir species, suggesting the possibility of asymptomatic rabies virus infection, contact with non‐infectious virus or exposure to the virus without viral replication. Two of these studies were conducted in Arctic hunters. Considering the extensive exposure of Nunavik's Inuit to potentially infected animals through hunting, trapping, skinning and the preparation of Arctic carnivores, we analysed archived serum samples from the 2004 Nunavik Inuit Health Survey for the presence of rabies virus‐neutralizing antibodies (rVNA) in this sub‐population. A total of 196 participants who were considered at highest risk for exposure to rabies virus were targeted. Serum samples were tested for the presence of rVNA using a variation of the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test, an assay recommended for the quantification of neutralizing antibody titres following vaccination. Our study identified two seropositive individuals among the 196 participants but a review of their medical record and a phone interview revealed previous vaccination. Our results do not provide evidence for naturally acquired rVNA in Nunavik's Inuit population.
A Survey of On-Chip Optical Interconnects
Authors: Bashir Janibul , Peter Eldhose , Sarangi Smruti R. 
Published: January 2019

Numerous challenges present themselves when scaling traditional on-chip electrical networks to large manycore processors. Some of these challenges include high latency, limitations on bandwidth, and power consumption. Researchers have therefore been looking for alternatives. As a result, on-chip nanophotonics has emerged as a strong substitute for traditional electrical NoCs.
As of 2017, on-chip optical networks have moved out of textbooks and found commercial applicability in short-haul networks such as links between servers on the same rack or between two components on the motherboard. It is widely acknowledged that in the near future, optical technologies will move beyond research prototypes and find their way into the chip. Optical networks already feature in the roadmaps of major processor manufacturers and most on-chip optical devices are beginning to show signs of maturity.
This article is designed to provide a survey of on-chip optical technologies covering the basic physics underlying the operation of optical technologies, optical devices, popular architectures, power reduction techniques, and applications. The aim of this survey article is to start from the fundamental concepts and move on to the latest in the field of on-chip optical interconnects.
Compositional Dataflow Circuits
Authors: Edwards Stephen A. , Townsend Richard , Barker Martha , Kim Martha A. 
Published: January 2019

We present a technique for implementing dataflow networks as compositional hardware circuits. We first define an abstract dataflow model with unbounded buffers that supports data-dependent blocks (mux, demux, and nondeterministic merge); we then show how to faithfully implement such networks with bounded buffers and handshaking.
Handshaking admits compositionality: our circuits can be connected with or without buffers, and combinational cycles arise only from a completely unbuffered cycle. While bounding buffer sizes can cause the system to deadlock prematurely, the system is guaranteed to produce the same, correct, data before then. Thus, unless the system deadlocks, inserting or removing buffers only affects its performance. We demonstrate how this enables design space to be explored.