bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight gain trajectories during outpatient family‐based treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Lebow Jocelyn , Sim Leslie , Crosby Ross D. , Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Le Grange Daniel , Accurso Erin C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveGiven that weight gain patterns in adolescents receiving outpatient Family‐Based Treatment (FBT) have not been characterized, the purpose of this study was to examine trajectories of weight gain in a group of adolescent patients with a restrictive eating disorder [e.g., anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical AN] receiving FBT. This study also examined the association of patient characteristics with weight gain trajectories, including age, diagnosis, weight suppression, presenting BMI‐for‐age percentile, and eating pathology.MethodLatent growth mixture modeling was used to identify distinct weight trajectories, as defined by change in BMI‐for‐age percentile, for 153 adolescents with AN or atypical AN, receiving FBT.ResultsThere were five distinct weight gain trajectory profiles for adolescents receiving FBT for a restrictive eating disorder. Younger age and greater weight suppression were associated with more rapid weight gain trajectories. A pattern of slow and consistent weight gain was associated with older age and less eating pathology.DiscussionThere was considerable variability in weight gain trajectories in youth receiving outpatient FBT for a restrictive eating disorder. This suggests that patients' presenting information can be used to inform expectations regarding weight gain trajectories.
Depressive symptoms, alcohol and other drug use, and suicide risk: Prevention and treatment effects from a two‐country online eating disorder risk reduction trial
Authors: Wilksch Simon M. , O'Shea Anne , Wade Tracey D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders are known to have high comorbidity, and the current report outlines the impact of an online eating disorder risk reduction program on brief, self‐report measures of depressive symptoms, alcohol and other drug use, and suicidality.MethodAn online pragmatic, randomized‐controlled trial was conducted with N = 316 young‐women (M age = 20.80 years) across Australia and New Zealand. Media Smart‐Targeted (MS‐T) was a 9‐module program released weekly while control participants received positive body image tips. Prevention effects (asymptomatic at baseline) and treatment effects (symptomatic at baseline) were investigated.ResultsMS‐T participants were 94% and 91% less likely than controls to develop Moderate or higher depressive symptoms at 6‐month (MS‐T = 3.3%; controls = 35.4%) and 12‐month follow‐up (MS‐T = 3.4%; controls = 29.4%), respectively. MS‐T participants did not commence using recreational drugs at any assessment point, compared to 18.2% of controls at a least one assessment point. Regarding treatment effects, MS‐T participants were 84% more likely to no longer be using recreational drugs at 12‐month follow‐up (MS‐T = 60%; controls = 21.1%). Mutitvariate logistic regressions revealed group, depressive symptoms and alcohol use to be significant predictors of elevated suicide risk, where being an MS‐T participant, without depressive symptoms and not drinking alcohol, significantly lowered likelihood of developing elevated suicide risk. Disordered eating at post‐program mediated the relationship between group and depressive symptoms across post‐program to 12‐mnoth follow‐up.DiscussionMS‐T shows promise as a program with important mental health benefits in addition to previous reports of lowered eating disorder diagnosis, risk and impairment.
Biogeographical network analysis of plant species distribution in the Mediterranean region
Authors: Lenormand Maxime , Papuga Guillaume , Argagnon Olivier , Soubeyrand Maxence , De Barros Guilhem , Alleaume Samuel , Luque Sandra 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe delimitation of bioregions helps to understand historical and ecological drivers of species distribution. In this work, we performed a network analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of plants in south of France (Languedoc‐Roussillon and Provence‐Alpes‐Côte d'Azur) to analyze the biogeographical structure of the French Mediterranean flora at different scales. We used a network approach to identify and characterize biogeographical regions, based on a large database containing 2.5 million of geolocalized plant records corresponding to more than 3,500 plant species. This methodology is performed following five steps, from the biogeographical bipartite network construction to the identification of biogeographical regions under the form of spatial network communities, the analysis of their interactions, and the identification of clusters of plant species based on the species contribution to the biogeographical regions. First, we identified two sub‐networks that distinguish Mediterranean and temperate biota. Then, we separated eight statistically significant bioregions that present a complex spatial structure. Some of them are spatially well delimited and match with particular geological entities. On the other hand, fuzzy transitions arise between adjacent bioregions that share a common geological setting, but are spread along a climatic gradient. The proposed network approach illustrates the biogeographical structure of the flora in southern France and provides precise insights into the relationships between bioregions. This approach sheds light on ecological drivers shaping the distribution of Mediterranean biota: The interplay between a climatic gradient and geological substrate shapes biodiversity patterns. Finally, this work exemplifies why fragmented distributions are common in the Mediterranean region, isolating groups of species that share a similar eco‐evolutionary history.
Traditionally managed landscapes do not prevent amphibian decline and the extinction of paedomorphosis
Authors: Denoël Mathieu , Ficetola G. Francesco , Sillero Neftali , Džukić Georg , Kalezić Miloš L. , Vukov Tanja , Muhovic Irma , Ikovic Vuk , Lejeune Benjamin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEco‐cultural landscapes are assumed to be favorable environments for the persistence of biodiversity, but global change may affect differently their terrestrial and aquatic components. Few long‐term studies have examined how multiple, global change stressors may affect wetland biodiversity in such environments. Facultative paedomorphosis is a spectacular example of intra‐specific variation, in which biphasic (metamorphosing) amphibians coexist with fully aquatic conspecifics that do not metamorphose (paedomorphs). Paedomorphosis is seriously threatened by global change stressors, but it is unknown to what extent traditional management will allow its long‐term persistence. Here, we tested the effects of alien species introductions while taking into account land use and climate changes on the distribution of two polymorphic newt species (Ichthyosaura alpestris and Lissotriton graecus) in Montenegro by using a 68‐yr data set and Bayesian mixed models integrating complex spatial and temporal structures. We found that, despite the persistence of natural landscapes, metamorphs dramatically declined and paedomorphs were nearly extirpated, losing 99.9% of their aquatic area of occupancy and all the major populations. Fish introduction was the main determinant of decline for both phenotypes. Climate and the presence of crayfish further contributed to the decline of metamorphs, which started later and was less dramatic than that of paedomorphs. The near extinction of paedomorphosis on a country‐wide scale shows how invasive species determine broad‐scale impacts, which can be even stronger than other global change stressors, and underlines the need for immediate management actions to avoid the extinction of a unique developmental process, paedomorphosis.
Range‐wide populations of a long‐distance migratory songbird converge during stopover in the tropics
Authors: Gómez Camila , Guerrero Sara L. , FitzGerald Alyssa M. , Bayly Nicholas J. , Hobson Keith A. , Cadena Carlos Daniel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGeographic convergence during migration influences the extent to which animal populations may experience carry‐over effects across periods of the annual cycle. When most individuals of a population share geographic areas during a given priod, carry‐over effects are likely stronger than when individuals occupy multiple areas. We used genetic data and stable isotope (δ2H) measurements from feathers and claws to describe the likely breeding and wintering geographic origins of a long‐distance migratory songbird (Gray‐cheeked Thrush, Catharus minimus) moving through northern Colombia in spring and fall migration. Furthermore, we used these data coupled with regional occupancy surveys to assess whether individuals from various breeding populations converge during migration and evaluated whether geographic origin, age, or sex affected stopover strategies. We found that range‐wide breeding populations of Gray‐cheeked Thrush converged in northern Colombia in an area spanning <1% of the breeding range, especially during a prolonged spring stopover in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Breeding (but not winter) origin, sex, and age influenced arrival date and body condition upon arrival at stopover sites where populations converged. Birds from more northerly breeding latitudes, males and adults generally arrived earlier and in lower body condition than those with more southerly breeding origins, females, and juveniles. Our work and other studies suggest that areas in northern Colombia may function as ecological bottlenecks for Gray‐cheeked Thrush because they concentrate individuals from across the breeding range, provide critical resources, and impose constraints during migration. Future studies quantifying the effects of high‐convergence areas on fitness and survival of individuals and their demographic consequences are required to assess their roles as ecological bottlenecks.
Trajectory analysis in community ecology
Authors: De Cáceres Miquel , Coll Lluís , Legendre Pierre , Allen Robert B. , Wiser Susan K. , Fortin Marie‐Josée , Condit Richard , Hubbell Stephen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEcologists have long been interested in how communities change over time. Addressing questions about community dynamics requires ways of representing and comparing the variety of dynamics observed across space. Until now, most analytical frameworks have been based on the comparison of synchronous observations across sites and between repeated surveys. An alternative perspective considers community dynamics as trajectories in a chosen space of community resemblance and utilizes trajectories as objects to be analyzed and compared using their geometry. While methods that take this second perspective exist, for example to test for particular trajectory shapes, there is a need for formal analytical frameworks that fully develop the potential of this approach. By adapting concepts and procedures used for the analysis of spatial trajectories, we present a framework for describing and comparing community trajectories. A key element of our contribution is the means to assess the geometric resemblance between trajectories, which allows users to describe, quantify, and analyze variation in community dynamics. We illustrate the behavior of our framework using simulated data and two spatiotemporal community data sets differing in the community properties of interest (species composition vs. size distribution of individuals). We conclude by evaluating the advantages and limitations of our community trajectory analysis framework, highlighting its broad domain of application and anticipating potential extensions.
How environment selects: Resilience and survival of microbial mat community within intermittent karst spring Krčić (Croatia)
Authors: Kolda Anamarija , Petrić Ines , Mucko Maja , Gottstein Sanja , Žutinić Petar , Goreta Gordana , Ternjej Ivančica , Rubinić Josip , Radišić Maja , Udovič Marija Gligora 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe conducted an on‐site monitoring study involving seasonal collection of microbial mats samples from the Krčić spring located in the Dinaric karst in Croatia. This intermittent karst spring is characterized by oligotrophic conditions and extreme water regime fluctuations. Extreme conditions at the Krčić included summer drought followed by strong rains in the autumn as well as freezing ambient temperature during winter. By using two phylogenetic markers, 16S rRNA (total Bacteria) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (Cyanobacteria), we aimed to detect the impact of intense seasonal fluctuations of environmental parameters in shaping (and/or selecting) the microbial mat community of the Krčić spring. Microbial mat community was found to harbour bacteria belonging to 11 different phyla with Cyanobacteria making the community core (>50%), followed by Alphaproteobacteria. The most abundant cyanobacterial genera included Microcoleus, Phormidium, and uncultured Antarctic cyanobacterium. In two mat samples, collected during conditions of low temperatures and strong bora wind (winter 2014) and during drought period (summer 2015), Cyanobacteria were diminished within the community. Under the extreme cold populations found to proliferate included Planctomycetes and candidate phylum TM6, found specifically in this sample. Members of the phyla Firmicutes were strictly found during the drought summer period followed by Cytophagia‐Fibrella, Polymorphobacter, Polaromonas, and Massilia. During the event of high water inflow following the drought, Cyanobacteria represented 90% of the community in which specific desiccant‐tolerant Chroococcidiopsis, Calothrix, and Pleurocapsa species appeared having mechanisms for quick recolonization of environments.
Electrokinetic motion of a micro oil droplet under a glass slide
Authors: Zhang Junyan , Song Yongxin , Li Dongqing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractElectrokinetic motion of a micro oil droplet beneath a glass slide was experimentally investigated in this paper. The micro oil droplets were released under the glass slide in an aqueous solution and the motion along the glass slide was measured by a microscope. The experimental results indicate that while the electrokinetic mobility increases with the applied electric field, it decreases with the oil droplet size and the ionic concentration of the aqueous solution, respectively. By changing the zeta potential of the glass‐liquid interface using polybrene coating from negative to positive, the direction of the electrokinetic mobility is reversed and the absolute value of the electrokinetic mobility increases significantly. Finally, pH effects were also investigated, and it was found that the electrokinetic mobility of the droplets reaches a maximum at pH = 6∼8.
CRLF2 expression associates with ICN1 stabilization in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Maciel Ana Luiza Tardem , Poubel Caroline Pires , Noronha Elda Pereira , Pombo‐de‐Oliveira Maria S. , Mansur Marcela Braga , Emerenciano Mariana 
Published: December 2018

AbstractT‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) is an aggressive hematopoietic malignancy with few molecular alterations showing a consensual prognostic value. CRLF2 overexpression was recently identified in high‐risk T‐ALL patients. For these cases, no genomic abnormality was found to be associated with CRLF2 overexpression. IKZF1 has been recently shown to be a direct transcriptional regulator of CRLF2 expression. Moreover, it is known that NOTCH1 antagonizes IKZF1 in T‐ALL. In light of these pieces of evidence, we reasoned that IKZF1 binding perturbation and CRLF2 upregulation could be associated in T‐ALL. We evaluated two independent series of pediatric T‐ALL cases (PHOP, n = 57 and TARGET, n = 264) for the presence of common T‐ALL molecular abnormalities, such as NOTCH1/FBXW7 mutations. We also assessed CRLF2 and IKZF1 gene expression. CRLF2 overexpression was observed in 14% (PHOP) and 16% (TARGET) of T‐ALL patients. No correlation was found between mRNA expression of CRLF2 and IKZF1 in both cohorts. Interestingly, we show that patients with mutations affecting NOTCH1‐PEST domain and/or FBXW7 had higher CRLF2 expression (P = .04). In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that only mutations resulting in ICN1 (intracellular domain of NOTCH1) stabilization are associated with CRLF2 overexpression.
Regional stratigraphy and human occupation of the upper Susitna River basin, central Alaska Range
Authors: Blong John C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study presents geomorphological, paleoenvironmental, and archaeological data from the upland upper Susitna River basin in the central Alaska Range. The goal of this study is to establish the landscape history and record of human use of the study area and test regional land‐use models. The results indicate that the upper Susitna was first occupied in the early Holocene at least 2,000 years after the end of full‐glacial conditions and 1,000 years after evidence of landscape recovery. Early Holocene land‐use consisted of short‐term task‐specific camps occupied by highly mobile groups on logistical forays. Upland land use intensified in the middle and late Holocene after modern vegetation patterns were established; during this time hunter‐gatherers occupied both residential and task‐specific camps in the study area in a logistical land‐use system. These results support a shift in land use in the early Holocene to include upland landscapes and intensification of upland landscape use in the late–middle Holocene. A shift in residential base camp location in the late Holocene may be tied to changing subsistence activities. There is evidence for a hiatus in human occupation following Holocene tephra fall, but it is unclear whether this was related to tephra deposition or broader climate instability.
Human immunodeficiency virus Type‐1 single‐stranded RNA activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and impairs autophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria in human microglia
Authors: Rawat Pratima , Teodorof‐Diedrich Carmen , Spector Stephen A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite the availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) that fully suppresses human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 (HIV), markers of inflammation and minor neurocognitive impairment are frequently identified in HIV‐infected persons. Increasing data support that low‐level replication defective viral RNA is made by infected cells despite the absence of infectious virus. Specific GU‐rich single‐stranded RNA from the HIV long terminal repeat region (ssRNA40) signaling through toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐7 and ‐8 has been shown to induce the secretion of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) in primary monocytes. Here, we examined the activation of microglial cells by HIV ssRNA40 and the potential subsequent neurotoxicity. Our findings show that exposure of human primary microglia to ssRNA40 activates the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Following exposure to ssRNA40, pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐18, and neurotoxic cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐1α, and C1q expression and extracellular secretion are increased. The released cytokines are functional since culture supernatants from ssRNA40 exposed microglia‐induced toxicity of human primary neurons. Moreover, inflammasome activation of microglia increased ROS generation with a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial integrity. Treatment with ssRNA40 resulted in a blockade of autophagy/mitophagy mediated negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activity with the release of inflammatory cytokines, caspase‐1 activation, and pyroptotic microglial cell death. Thus, HIV ssRNA mediated activation of microglial cells can contribute to neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration via secretion of inflammatory and neurotoxic cytokines. These findings provide a potential mechanism that explains the frequent minor cognitive deficits and chronic inflammation that persist in HIV‐infected persons despite treatment with suppressive ART.
High‐risk human papillomavirus detection in oropharyngeal cancers: Comparison of saliva sampling methods
Authors: Tang Kai Dun , Kenny Liz , Frazer Ian H. , Punyadeera Chamindie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence has suggested the utility of salivary oral rinse as a diagnostic fluid to detect oral human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, but there are many methods for collecting saliva.MethodsSalivary oral rinse and unstimulated whole mouth saliva samples were collected from 45 oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) patients.ResultsWe show a positive correlation of HPV‐16 E2 (r = 0.95, P < 0.0001) and E6/7 (r = 0.93, P < 0.0001) relative copy number as well as HPV genotypes in both sample methods. There was a significant correlation between the two sample methods in the ratio of HPV16 E2 to E6/7 DNA (r = 0.46, P < 0.01). Consistent with previous studies, a mixed HPV‐16 form (episomal and integrated) was commonly found in both saliva and tumor samples.ConclusionDetection of HPV in saliva samples collected by either method yielded comparable results, and showed good sensitivity for detection of HPV derived from OPC.
De‐escalation of post‐treatment surveillance in oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Ilmarinen Taru , Keski‐Säntti Harri , Markkanen‐Leppänen Mari , Haapaniemi Aaro , Tapiovaara Laura , Atula Timo , Bäck Leif J. J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of new oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) cases are associated with human papillomavirus and favorable prognosis. Post‐treatment follow‐up should be targeted to patients at greatest risk for disease recurrence.MethodsTo assess the benefits of routine clinical surveillance in OPSCC, we reviewed all follow‐up visits conducted in 2014 at Helsinki University Hospital Department of Otorhinolaryngology.ResultsOf 366 visits, 26 (7%) were from patients presenting with a new symptom, and disease recurrence was detected in four. The presence of a new symptom was significantly associated with disease recurrence (P < 0.001). Of 366 visits, 340 (93%) were from patients presenting without new symptoms, and not a single recurrence was found during these visits.ConclusionsBased on our findings, and previous studies assessing the prognosis and pattern of recurrent OPSCC, we concluded that the number of routine post‐treatment visits can be reduced. Follow‐up should rather focus on symptom‐directed examinations.
Unsteady‐state lumped heat capacity system design for tube furnace for continuous inline wire annealing process
Authors: Kumbhar Siddharaj V. , Sonage Basgonda K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA continuous annealing furnace is developed, which incorporates the principle of electric resistance heating for obtaining the desired temperature in the furnace. The concept of lumped heat capacity system is applied for the determination of annealing time of a continuously moving wire through the refractory tube. Also, the heat transfer inside the system and heat losses to the atmosphere are considered using the principles of conduction, convection, and radiation. The parameters related to the dynamics of moving wire are also designed. The designed furnace is fabricated and tested for its working, the observations of which show that 30 minutes are required to reach about 400°C furnace temperature and 30 seconds for annealing 1 m length of wire. The morphological testing of annealed and nonannealed wire is done to study the microstructure, which shows more traces of pearlite in annealed wires than in nonannealed wires. Thus, continuous annealing furnaces are more effective for inline annealing of wires; so as to relieve the internal stresses, induced by the step cold rolling process.