bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of kidney densities of cases with urinary dilatation in unenhanced CT scan
Authors: Yeniçeri Önder , Güney Bünyamin , Elibol Funda Dinç , Çullu Neşat 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of renal parenchymal density differences in distinguishing between acute and chronic urinary dilatations.Material and methodsRetrospectively, unenhanced CTs of 98 patients were evaluated. Thirty-three had acute urinary obstruction, and 33 had chronic urinary obstruction. Parenchymal density values (HU) and renal pelvic anterior-posterior (AP) diameters of all groups were evaluated by two different radiologists who were unaware of each other and the content of the study. The t-test was used to compare parenchymal densities and renal pelvic diameter differences with normal, acute urinary dilation and chronic urinary dilation groups.ResultsOf the 98 cases who were included in the study, 33 people were in the acute obstruction group (7 females, 26 males), and 33 were in the chronic obstruction group. However, the second observer (observer 2) found a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) during the measurements of density between the obstructed and normal sides. While for the first observer (observer 1), the correlation between right and left renal density measurements of the normal cases was moderate at 0.576; correlation of measurements done by the second observer was found to be high at 0.777.ConclusionsPale kidney findings seems to be helpful in diagnosis of acute urinary occlusion, but different results are obtained with evaluations made by different observers. Moreover, it is not a specific finding because oedema can also be seen in some other conditions, such as acute pyelonephritis; for this reason, one must be careful during the evaluation of this finding.
CO2 effects on diatoms: a synthesis of more than a decade of ocean acidification experiments with natural communities
Authors: Bach Lennart Thomas , Taucher Jan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Diatoms account for up to 50 % of marine primary production and are
considered to be key players in the biological carbon pump. Ocean
acidification (OA) is expected to affect diatoms primarily by changing the
availability of CO2 as a substrate for photosynthesis or through
altered ecological interactions within the marine food web. Yet, there is
little consensus how entire diatom communities will respond to increasing
CO2. To address this question, we synthesized the literature from over
a decade of OA-experiments with natural diatom communities to uncover the following: (1) if
and how bulk diatom communities respond to elevated CO2 with respect
to abundance or biomass and (2) if shifts within the diatom communities could be
expected and how they are expressed with respect to taxonomic affiliation
and size structure. We found that bulk diatom communities responded to high
CO2 in ∼60 % of the experiments and in this case more
often positively (56 %) than negatively (32 %) (12 % did not report
the direction of change). Shifts among different diatom species were
observed in 65 % of the experiments. Our synthesis supports the
hypothesis that high CO2 particularly favours larger species as 12 out
of 13 experiments which investigated cell size found a shift towards larger
species. Unravelling winners and losers with respect to taxonomic affiliation
was difficult due to a limited database. The OA-induced changes in diatom
competitiveness and assemblage structure may alter key ecosystem services
due to the pivotal role diatoms play in trophic transfer and biogeochemical
cycles.
Impact of International Law on the EU Customs Union
Authors: Rogmann Achim 
Published: August 2019

Impact of International Law on the EU Customs Union
This contribution examines the various international instruments, in both hard and soft law, that have been established by international organisations such as the WTO and WCO and scrutinises how they have been implemented into EU legislation governing the EU Customs Union, thus demonstrating the substantial influence of international instruments on the Customs Union. As the relevant international instruments affect not only the traditional elements of European customs law, but also the EU’s entire export control regime and the framework of the internal market, this contribution demonstrates, moreover, how the Customs Union functions in a globalised world.
Multiclass Multipesticide Residue Analysis in Fish Matrix by a Modified QuEChERS Method Using Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometric Determination
Authors: Mandal Swagata , Poi Rajlakshmi , Bhattacharyya Sudip , Ansary Inul , Roy Subrata Datta , Hazra Dipak Kumar , Karmakar Rajib 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Pesticide residue in fish is a global food safety concern. However, very few validated methods are available targeting simultaneous analysis of multiple classes of pesticides. Objective: The aim of this study was to validate a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe workflow–based method for the quantitative determination of multiclass pesticides in fish matrix using GC-MS determination. Method: The sample was extracted with acetonitrile, and the cleanup method involved dispersive solid-phase extraction with C-18 sorbent, which effectively scavenged the coextracted matrix components and removed those from the extract. The data on recovery and precision of the method satisfied the criteria of SANTE/11813/2017 guidelines. Average recoveries of pesticides were in the range of 80–120% with precision RSDs ≤20%. The LOD and LOQ were in the ranges of 0.001–0.029 and 0.005–0.125 µg/mL, respectively, for all pesticides. The expanded uncertainty was in the range of 14–20%, based on the single-laboratory validation data (coverage factor, k = 2, confidence level, 95%). Conclusions: The validation data prove that the method is convenient and acceptable for the routine analysis of multiclass pesticide residues in fish matrices for regulatory compliance. Highlights: The study achieves multiresidue analysis of pesticides in fish matrix with MS-based confirmation. The method combines the advantages of nontarget analysis based on National Institute of Standards and Technology library matching in full scan mode with selected-ion monitoring–based sensitivity.
HPLC-UV Estimation of Folic Acid in Fortified Rice and Wheat Flour using Enzymatic Extraction and Immunoaffinity Chromatography Enrichment: An Interlaboratory Validation Study
Authors: Mahato Ansuman , Vyas Samir , Chatterjee Niladri Sekhar 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: In India, fortification of cereals with folic acid has been voluntary for many years. However, The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India’s recent Fortification of Foods Regulations (2018) has prompted us to develop and validate a simple analytical method for estimation of folic acid in fortified cereals. Objective: The aim was to develop and validate a simple and rugged HPLC–UV method for quantitative analysis of folic acid in fortified rice and wheat flour. Methods: The enzymatic sample extract was diluted with phosphate buffer, centrifuged, filtered, and then passed slowly through an immunoaffinity cartridge for cleanup. Folic acid in the sample extract was retained by the cartridge and subsequently eluted with 30% acetonitrile [+0.2% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)]. The elute was collected and analyzed by HPLC–UV at 280 nm. The chromatographic separation of folic acid was achieved on an Agilent Poroshell SB-C18 column (3.0 × 100 mm, 2.7 µm) with 0.1% TFA in methanol as mobile phase. Results: The linearity range of the vitamin was established in the concentration range of 50–800 µg/L, and the regression coefficient was more than 0.999. The LOQ was 5 µg/L. The average spike recovery values of folic acid in rice and wheat flour samples were 90.9 and 80.5%, respectively. The method was subjected to an interlaboratory validation; eight accredited food testing laboratories across India participated in it and resulted in satisfactory z-scores for the reported results. Conclusions: The method will be useful in regulatory compliance testing of folic acid in fortified cereals and processed products. Highlights: A sensitive analysis method is reported for estimation of folic acid in fortified rice and wheat flour. The scope, selectivity, repeatability, and reproducibility of the method establishes it as fit for regulatory compliance check purposes.
Trends in Mortality From Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, 1984–2016: An Autopsy-Based Study
Authors: Nizami Sobia , Morales Cameron , Hu Kelly , Holzman Robert , Rapkiewicz Amy 
Published: August 2019

Context.—With increasing use and efficacy of antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, deaths from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)–defining conditions have decreased.Objective.—To examine trends in the cause of death of HIV-infected patients who underwent autopsy at a major New York City hospital from 1984 to 2016, a period including the major epochs of the AIDS epidemic.Design.—Retrospective review of autopsy records and charts with modeling of trends by logistic regression using polynomial models.Results.—We identified 252 autopsies in adult patients with AIDS (by 1982 definition) or HIV infection. Prior to widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy, in 1984–1995, on average 13 autopsies per year were done. Post–highly active antiretroviral therapy, the average number of autopsies declined to 4.5 per year. The fitted mean age at death was 35 years in 1984 and increased curvilinearly to 46 years (95% CI, 43–49) in 2016 (P &lt; .001). By regression analysis, mean CD4+ T-cell count increased from 6 in 1992 to 64 in 2016 (P = .01). The proportion of AIDS-defining opportunistic infections decreased, from 79% in 1984–1987 to 41% in 2008–2011 and 29% in 2012–2016 (P = .04). The frequency of nonopportunistic infections, however, increased from 37% in 1984–1987 to 73% in 2008–2011 and 57% in 2012–2016 (P = .001). The frequency of AIDS-defining and other malignancies did not change significantly during the study period. The prevalence of atherosclerosis at autopsy rose dramatically, from 21% in 1988–1991 to 54% in 2008–2011 (P &lt; .001).Conclusions.—Despite limitations of autopsy studies, many trends in the evolution of the HIV/AIDS epidemic are readily discernable.
Cuestionar la práctica investigativa: experiencias colaborativas en dos regiones en México
Authors: Lara Millán Gloria , Muñoz Sánchez Práxedes 
Published: August 2019

En este artículo se analizan algunas de las dificultades que en la práctica de investigación se han identificado en dos espacios rurales en los estados de Oaxaca y Tabasco en México, y se exponen los múltiples desafíos que el investigador debe afrontar, especialmente en relación con los conceptos de colaboración e intervención durante el trabajo que realiza. Si bien este se basa en tareas específicas de indagación y colaboración, suele haber acciones de desarrollo ajenas al entorno comunitario, que incluso no son clara o conscientemente percibidas por los actores protagonistas. Es así que el objetivo de esta presentación es reflexionar sobre la práctica investigativa colaborativa, exponiendo los aciertos y desaciertos del proceso. El concepto de intervención social se asocia con el de investigación colaborativa, en tanto que ambos pretenden poner en el centro de la participación a los sujetos, sin embargo es necesario delimitar las implicaciones de cada uno de estos conceptos en los casos estudiados. En este texto se describen aspectos teóricos y metodológicos acerca de la intervención social y la investigación colaborativa con enfoque en derechos humanos, y se reflexiona en torno al proceso de acompañamiento y las decisiones que se adoptan durante la investigación, así como acerca de la experiencia del diálogo con los colectivos con los que se colabora para construir conocimiento.This work analyzes some difficulties found in the practice of collaborative research in rural areas in Mexico, each with its historical peculiarities and passed through the application of public policies or economic policies. The researcher's activist participation has multiple advantages in that it applies development concepts outside the community environment that are sometimes not reflected by the protagonist actors. The objective of the text is to reflect on the collaborative research practice, exposing the successes and failures of the process and the challenges to overcome. As part of the research experience, the concept of social intervention is discussed, which is associated with collaborative research, in the center of participation is understood by the subjects. In this text are described the concepts and methodological aspects raised by the specialists in the subject of social intervention, then associate it with collaborative research with a human rights approach. The two collaborative research experiences focussed are described, and we reflect on the accompaniment process and the reflections on the decisions regarding the objectives, methodology and results, as well as the experience of the dialogue with the collectives with the collaboration for knowledge.
Situations and Syntactic Structures
Authors: Ramchand Gillian Catriona 
Published: August 2019

A new theory of the syntax-semantics interface that relies on hierarchical orderings in language, with the English auxiliary system as its empirical ground.
Research in syntax has found that there is a hierarchical ordering of projections within the verb phrase across languages (although researchers differ with respect to how fine grained they assume the hierarchy to be). In Situations and Syntactic Structures, Gillian Ramchand explores the hierarchy of the verb phrase from a semantic perspective, attempting to derive it from semantically sorted zones in the compositional semantics. The empirical ground is the auxiliary ordering found in the grammar of English. The “situation” in the title refers to the semanticists' notion of eventuality that is the central element of the ontology of the formal semantics of verbal meaning. Ramchand discusses the semantic notion of situations in relation to the hierarchical ordering evidenced in syntactic structures and tries to bridge semantic and syntactic ontologies. She proposes and formalizes a new theory of semantic zones, and presents an explicitly semantic and morphological analysis of all the auxiliary constructions of English that derive their rigid order of composition without recourse to lexical item–specific ordering statements.
The Importance of Small Decisions
Authors: O'Brien Michael J. , Bentley R. Alexander , Brock William A. 
Published: August 2019

How people make decisions in an era of too much information and fake news.
Humans originally evolved in a world of few choices. Prehistoric, preindustrial, and predigital eras required fewer decisions than today's all-access, always-on world of too much information. Economists have largely discarded the idea that agents act rationally and the market follows suit. It seems that no matter how small or innocuous a decision might seem, there's almost no way to guess the effect it might have. The authors of The Importance of Small Decisions view decisions and their outcomes from a different perspective: as key elements in the evolution of culture. In this trailblazing book, they examine different kinds of decisions and map the outcomes, both short- and long-term. Drawing on this, they introduce a map of social behavior that captures the essential elements of human decision-making.

The authors look at the New England Patriots' decision in 2000 to draft an underachieving college quarterback named Tom Brady; they consider Warren Buffett's investment strategy; and they chart the “dancing landscape” of a college applicant's decision-making environment. Finally, they show that decisions can be ranked according to transparency of choice and social influence. When fake news seems indistinguishable from real news and when the internet offers a cacophony of voices, they warn, we can't afford to crowdsource our decisions.
Celestial Calculations
Authors: Lawrence J. L. 
Published: August 2019

How to predict and calculate the positions of stars, planets, the sun, the moon, and satellites using a personal computer and high school mathematics.
Our knowledge of the universe is expanding rapidly, as space probes launched decades ago begin to send information back to earth. There has never been a better time to learn about how planets, stars, and satellites move through the heavens. This book is for amateur astronomers who want to move beyond pictures of constellations in star guides and solve the mysteries of a starry night. It is a book for readers who have wondered, for example, where Saturn will appear in the night sky, when the sun will rise and set, or how long the space station will be over their location. In Celestial Calculations, J. L. Lawrence shows readers how to find the answers to these and other astronomy questions with only a personal computer and high school math. Using an easy-to-follow step-by-step approach, Lawrence explains what calculations are required, why they are needed, and how they all fit together.
Lawrence begins with basic principles: unit of measure conversions, time conversions, and coordinate systems. He combines these concepts into a computer program that can calculate the location of a star, and uses the same methods for predicting the locations of the sun, moon, and planets. He then shows how to use these methods for locating the many satellites we have sent into orbit. Finally, he describes a variety of resources and tools available to the amateur astronomer, including star charts and astronomical tables. Diagrams illustrate the major concepts, and computer programs that implement the algorithms are included. Photographs of actual celestial objects accompany the text, and interesting astronomical facts are interspersed throughout.
Source code (in Python 3, JAVA, and Visual Basic) and executables for all the programs and examples presented in the book are available for download at https://CelestialCalculations.github.io.
A Father
Authors: Lacan Sibylle 
Published: August 2019

The daughter of French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan tries to make sense of her relationship with her father.
“When I was born, my father was already no longer there.” Sibylle Lacan's memoir of her father, the influential French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan, is told through fragmentary, elliptical episodes, and describes a figure who had defined himself to her as much by his absence as by his presence. Sibylle was the second daughter and unhappy last child of Lacan's first marriage: the fruit of despair (“some will say of desire, but I do not believe them”). Lacan abandoned his old family for a new one: a new partner, Sylvia Bataille (the wife of Georges Bataille), and another daughter, born a few months after Sibylle. For years, this daughter, Judith, was the only publicly recognized child of Lacan—even if, due to French law, she lacked his name.
In one sense, then, A Father presents the voice of one who, while bearing his name, had been erased. If Jacques Lacan had described the word as a “presence made of absence,” Sibylle Lacan here turns to the language of the memoir as a means of piecing together the presence of a man who had entered her life in absence, and in his passing, finished in it. In its interplay of absence, naming, and the despair engendered by both, A Father ultimately poses an essential question: what is a father? This first-person account offers both a riposte and a complement to the concept (and the name) of the father as Lacan had defined him in his work, and raises difficult issues about the influence biography can have on theory—and vice versa—and the sometimes yawning divide that can open up between theory and the lives we lead.
All Data Are Local
Authors: Loukissas Yanni Alexander 
Published: August 2019

How to analyze data settings rather than data sets, acknowledging the meaning-making power of the local.
In our data-driven society, it is too easy to assume the transparency of data. Instead, Yanni Loukissas argues in All Data Are Local, we should approach data sets with an awareness that data are created by humans and their dutiful machines, at a time, in a place, with the instruments at hand, for audiences that are conditioned to receive them. The term data set implies something discrete, complete, and portable, but it is none of those things. Examining a series of data sources important for understanding the state of public life in the United States—Harvard's Arnold Arboretum, the Digital Public Library of America, UCLA's Television News Archive, and the real estate marketplace Zillow—Loukissas shows us how to analyze data settings rather than data sets.
Loukissas sets out six principles: all data are local; data have complex attachments to place; data are collected from heterogeneous sources; data and algorithms are inextricably entangled; interfaces recontextualize data; and data are indexes to local knowledge. He then provides a set of practical guidelines to follow. To make his argument, Loukissas employs a combination of qualitative research on data cultures and exploratory data visualizations. Rebutting the “myth of digital universalism,” Loukissas reminds us of the meaning-making power of the local.
The Technology Fallacy
Authors: Kane Gerald C. , Nguyen Phillips Anh , Copulsky Jonathan R. , Andrus Garth R. 
Published: August 2019

Why an organization's response to digital disruption should focus on people and processes and not necessarily on technology.
Digital technologies are disrupting organizations of every size and shape, leaving managers scrambling to find a technology fix that will help their organizations compete. This book offers managers and business leaders a guide for surviving digital disruptions—but it is not a book about technology. It is about the organizational changes required to harness the power of technology. The authors argue that digital disruption is primarily about people and that effective digital transformation involves changes to organizational dynamics and how work gets done. A focus only on selecting and implementing the right digital technologies is not likely to lead to success. The best way to respond to digital disruption is by changing the company culture to be more agile, risk tolerant, and experimental.
The authors draw on four years of research, conducted in partnership with MIT Sloan Management Review and Deloitte, surveying more than 16,000 people and conducting interviews with managers at such companies as Walmart, Google, and Salesforce. They introduce the concept of digital maturity—the ability to take advantage of opportunities offered by the new technology—and address the specifics of digital transformation, including cultivating a digital environment, enabling intentional collaboration, and fostering an experimental mindset. Every organization needs to understand its “digital DNA” in order to stop “doing digital” and start “being digital.”
Digital disruption won't end anytime soon; the average worker will probably experience numerous waves of disruption during the course of a career. The insights offered by The Technology Fallacy will hold true through them all.
A book in the Management on the Cutting Edge series, published in cooperation with MIT Sloan Management Review.