bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of rare coding variants in genes implicated in risk of human cleft lip with or without cleft palate
Authors: Marini Nicholas J. , Asrani Kripa , Yang Wei , Rine Jasper , Shaw Gary M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCleft lip with/without cleft palate (CLP) is a common craniofacial malformation with complex etiologies, reflecting both genetic and environmental factors. Most of the suspected genetic risk for CLP has yet to be identified. To further classify risk loci and estimate the contribution of rare variants, we sequenced the exons in 49 candidate genes in 323 CLP cases and 211 nonmalformed controls. Our findings indicated that rare, protein‐altering variants displayed markedly higher burdens in CLP cases at relevant loci. First, putative loss‐of‐function mutations (nonsense, frameshift) were significantly enriched among cases: 13 of 323 cases (~4%) harbored such alleles within these 49 genes, versus one such change in controls (p = 0.01). Second, in gene‐level analyses, the burden of rare alleles showed greater case‐association for several genes previously implicated in cleft risk. For example, BHMT displayed a 10‐fold increase in protein‐altering variants in CLP cases (p = .03), including multiple case occurrences of a rare frameshift mutation (K400 fs). Other loci with greater rare, coding allele burdens in cases were in signaling pathways relevant to craniofacial development (WNT9B, BMP4, BMPR1B) as well as the methionine cycle (MTRR). We conclude that rare coding variants may confer risk for isolated CLP.
Preparation and characterization of amphoteric cellulose–montmorillonite composite beads with a controllable porous structure
Authors: Xie Hualei , Pan Yuanfeng , Xiao Huining , Liu Haiyan 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTConventional amphoteric and porous materials are often synthetic and polymer based; this tends to raise environmental concerns because of their poor biodegradability. To address this issue, novel natural‐polymer‐ or amphoteric‐modified cellulose and MOt (ACeOMt) composite beads with a typical mesoporous structure were developed in this study. These green‐based porous beads, consisting of regenerated bagasse cellulose and oxalic acid modified montmorillonite (OMt), were successfully prepared by a facile coagulation method with fine calcium carbonate as a pore‐forming agent. The beads with the best sphericity were obtained at a 1:1 weight ratio of cellulose to OMt. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed that ACeOMt possessed a smooth surface with abundant macropores. X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis characterizations demonstrated the success of the modification of montmorillonite and cellulose. The results of Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis indicate the presence of a typical mesoporous structure in the composite with a relatively high specific surface area. The resulting ACeOMt are expected to be biodegradable, nonhazardous, and applicable for various uses, including adsorption, chromatography, and soil remediation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47941.
Next‐Generation Additive Manufacturing: Tailorable Graphene/Polylactic(acid) Filaments Allow the Fabrication of 3D Printable Porous Anodes for Utilisation within Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Foster Christopher W. , Zou Guo‐Qiang , Jiang Yunling , Down Michael P. , Liauw Christopher M. , Garcia‐Miranda Ferrari Alejandro , Ji Xiaobo , Smith Graham C. , Kelly Peter J. , Banks Craig E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Banks. The cover picture illustrates the future of 3D‐printing/additive manufacturing for battery storage systems. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/batt.201800148.
“Locked” cancer cells are more sensitive to chemotherapy
Authors: Lyu Yaqi , Xiao Qingqing , Li Yi , Wu Yubing , He Wei , Yin Lifang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe treatment of metastatic cancer is a great challenging issue throughout the world. Conventional chemotherapy can kill the cancer cells and, whereas, would exacerbate the metastasis and induce drug resistance. Here, a new combinatorial treatment strategy of metastatic cancer was probed via subsequentially dosing dual nanomedicines, marimastat‐loaded thermosensitive liposomes (MATT‐LTSLs) and paclitaxel nanocrystals (PTX‐Ns), via intravenous and intratumoral injection. First, the metastasis was blocked and cancer cells were locked in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by delivering the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, MATT, to the tumor with LTSLs, downregulating the MMPs by threefold and reducing the degradation of the extracellular matrix. And then, the “locked” cancer cells were efficiently killed via intratumoral injection of the other cytotoxic nanomedicine, PTX‐Ns, along with no metastasis and 100% inhibition of tumor growth. This work highlights the importance of the TME's integrity in the chemotherapy duration. We believe this is a generalized strategy for cancer treatment and has potential guidance for the clinical administration.
Diethyl‐Ether Flower Washings of Dianthus cruentusGriseb. (Caryophyllaceae): Derivatization Reactions Leading to the Identification of New Wax Constituents
Authors: Dekić Biljana R. , Ristić Milenko N. , Mladenović Marko Z. , Dekić Vidoslav S. , Ristić Novica R. , Ranđelović Vladimir , Radulović Niko S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSome carnation species (Dianthus spp., Caryophyllaceae) exhibit a strong resistance to drought stress that is connected with the increased surface wax formation. Wax composition is unknown for the majority of Dianthus spp. Herein, mass spectral and gas chromatographic data, in combination with synthesis and chemical transformations (transesterification and synthesis of dimethyl disulfide adducts), enabled the identification of 151 constituents of diethyl‐ether washings of fresh flowers of Dianthus cruentus Griseb. from Serbia. The flower wax contained, along with the dominant ubiquitous long‐chain n‐alkanes, homologous series of n‐ and branched (iso‐ and anteiso‐) long‐chain hexyl alkanoates/alkenoates and alkyl/alkenyl benzoates. The branching position in the mentioned hexyl esters was probed by synthesis of esters of three isomeric hexanols that were spectrally characterized (1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, IR, MS). The washings also contained long‐chain (Z)‐ and (E)‐alkenes (C23−C35) with several different double bond regiochemistries. Fifty‐five of these constituents (eight hexyl esters, two benzoates, and forty‐five alkenes) were detected for the first time in Plantae, while ten of these represent completely new compounds. The rare occurrence of these wax constituents makes them possible chemotaxonomic markers of this particular Dianthus sp.
Assessment of reattempted percutaneous coronary intervention strategy for chronic total occlusion after prior failed procedures: Analysis of the Japanese CTO‐PCI Expert Registry
Authors: Sekiguchi Makoto , Muramatsu Toshiya , Kishi Koichi , Muto Makoto , Oikawa Yuji , Kawasaki Tomohiro , Fujita Tsutomu , Hamazaki Yuji , Okada Hisayuki , Tsuchikane Etsuo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to investigate strategies for reattempted percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) for chronic total occlusions (CTOs) by highly skilled operators after a failed attempt.BackgroundDevelopment of complex techniques and algorithms has been standardized for CTO‐PCI. However, there is no appropriate strategy for CTO‐PCI after a failed procedure.MethodFrom 2014 to 2016, the Japanese CTO‐PCI Expert Registry included 4,053 consecutive CTO‐PCIs (mean age: 66.8 ± 10.9 years; male: 85.6%; Japanese CTO [J‐CTO] score: 1.92 ± 1.15). Initial outcomes and strategies for reattempted CTO‐PCIs were evaluated and compared with first‐attempt CTO‐PCIs.ResultsReattempt CTO‐PCIs were performed in 820 (20.2%) lesions. The mean J‐CTO score of reattempt CTO‐PCIs was higher than that of first‐attempt CTO‐PCIs (2.86 ± 1.03 vs. 1.68 ± 1.05, p < .001). The technical success rate of reattempt CTO‐PCIs was lower than that of first‐attempt CTO‐PCIs (86.7% vs. 90.8%, p < .001). Regarding successful CTO‐PCIs, the strategies comprised antegrade alone (reattempt: 36.1%, first attempt: 63.8%), bidirectional approach (reattempt: 54.4%, first attempt: 30.3%), and antegrade approach following a failed bidirectional approach (reattempt: 9.4%, first attempt: 5.4%). Parallel wire technique, intravascular ultrasound guide crossing, and bidirectional approach technique were frequently performed in reattempt CTO‐PCIs. Reattempt CTO‐PCIs showed higher rates of myocardial infarction (2.1% vs. 0.9%, p < .001) and coronary perforation (6.9% vs. 4.2%, p = .002) than first‐attempt CTO‐PCIs.ConclusionsThe technical success rate of reattempt CTO‐PCIs is lower than that of first‐attempt CTO‐PCIs. However, using more complex strategies, the success rate of reattempt CTO‐PCI can be improved by highly skilled operators.
Seed treatments affect milling properties and flour quality of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Carter Claudia E. , Manthey Frank A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesBlack bean seed contains antinutritional factors that can be reduced or eliminated by seed treatments such as soaking and cooking. This study was carried out to determine the effect of cooked‐dried (cooking for 5–20 min; dried 50°C) and soaked‐dried (soaking for 6–24 hr; dried 50°C) treatments on the physical, milling, and flour qualities of black beans.FindingsFeed rate was reduced up to 31% and 25% by cooked‐dried and soaked‐dried treatments, respectively. The decline in feed rate was attributed to increased seed size and decreased seed weight caused by cooked‐dried or soaked‐dried processes. Force needed to fracture the black bean seed decreased for both cooked‐dried and soaked‐dried seeds as treatment time increased. Fine‐particle flour yield declined with seed treatment. Cooked‐dried treatment was found to have the greatest impact on starch damage. However, cooking and soaking had little or no effect on total starch, protein, and ash contents.ConclusionsCooked‐dried and soaked‐dried treatments affected the size, weight, and fracture force of black bean seeds which subsequently affected milling and flour properties.Significance and noveltyLimited research has been published, concerning the effect of cooking and soaking pretreatments on milling quality of black beans. Cooked‐dried and soaked‐dried pretreatments caused physical change in grain that must be considered when milling black beans into flour.
A Seedless Method for Gold Nanoparticle Growth inside a Silica Matrix: Fabrication of Materials Capable of Third‐Harmonic Generation in the Near‐Infrared
Authors: Kalwarczyk Ewelina , Kabaciński Piotr , Kardaś Tomasz M. , Górecka Ewa , Bilski Henryk , Fiałkowski Marcin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA composite in which gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) approximately 10 nm in size are embedded in amorphous transparent silica matrix has been produced. The synthetic protocol uses HAuCl4 as the Au ion source, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the SiO2 precursor, and l‐ascorbic acid (AA) as the reducing agent. AA is employed before the sol‐gel process in an amount sufficient only for reduction of Au3+ ions to Au+. By using a cationic surfactant, benzylcetyldimethylammonium chloride hydrate (BDAC) and/or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the Au+ ions are encapsulated within metalomicelles, which prevents them from being reduced to Au0 and enables their homogeneous distribution in the gel. Reduction of Au+ to Au0 and the growth of the AuNPs occurs at room temperature during the gelation, and arises from the release of EtOH during the hydrolysis of TEOS. The composites contain 0.027 wt % of Au. They exhibit nonlinear optical behavior characterized by the third‐order nonlinear refraction index, n2, in the range 3.6–5.7×10−16 cm2 W−1 at λ=1.030 μm. The composites are capable of effective third‐harmonic generation of ultrashort near‐IR (210 fs, 1.030 μm) laser pulse through a direct third‐order mechanism.
All‐Solution‐Processed Red and Orange‐Red Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with High‐Efficiencies: The Effect of Mixed‐Host Emissive Layers and Thermal Annealing Treatment
Authors: Chang Yu‐Fan , Yang Lan‐Sheng , Su Hsiao‐Tso , Liao Si‐Yi , Niu Mu‐Chun , Mahesh K. P. O. , Chen Chao‐Hsuan , Chao Yu‐Chiang , Meng Hsin‐Fei , Huang Heh‐Lung , Chao Teng‐Chih , Tseng Meu‐Rurng , Luo Chih‐Wei , Zan Hsiao‐Wen , Horng Sheng‐Fu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe instability of the organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) during operation can be attributed to the existence of point defects on the organic layers. In this work, the effect of mixed‐host emissive layer and the thermal annealing treatment were investigated to eliminate defects and to boost the device performance. The mixed‐host system includes 4,4′,4′′‐tri (9‐carbazoyl) triphenylamine (TCTA) and 2,7‐bis(diphenylphosphoryl)‐9, 9′‐spirobi[fluorene] (SPPO13). The mixed‐host emissive layer with thermal annealing treatment showed low roughness and few pinholes, and the devices fabricated from this emissive layer exhibited high efficiencies, high stabilities, and long lifetimes. The red and orange‐red OLEDs exhibited efficiencies of 13.9 cd/A and 24.35 cd/A, respectively. The longest half‐lifetime (L0=500 cd/m2) of the red and orange‐red OLEDs were 158 h and 180 h, respectively. Efforts were made to solve problems in large‐area coating and to reduce the number of defects on in organic layer. Large‐active‐area (active area=3 cm×4 cm) red phosphorescent OLEDs (PhOLEDs) devices were realized with very high current efficiency up to 9 cd/A.
Healthy User Bias in Comparative Safety Studies for Brand‐Name vs. Generic Products: The Example of Warfarin
Authors: Bird Steven T. , Flowers Natasha , Zhao Yueqin , McKean Stephen , Izem Rima , Wernecke Michael , Kozlowski Steven , MaCurdy Thomas E. , Kelman Jeffrey A. , Graham David J. 
Published: May 2019

Warfarin was selected as a case study to examine confounding when comparing a product across different manufacturers because it is a narrow therapeutic index drug with prevalent beliefs for brand‐name superiority. Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years with atrial fibrillation and an incident outpatient warfarin prescription from July 2006 through July 2015 were included in the study population (N = 746,098). Substantial imbalances were observed between brand‐name warfarin and generics for (i) clinical comorbidity, (ii) socioeconomic status, (iii) prescriber specialty, (iv) recent ambulatory and emergent care, (v) drug adherence, (vi) pharmacy setting (e.g., retail, mail‐order), and (vii) risk scores for bleeding and thrombosis. Patients receiving brand‐name warfarin were healthier than patients receiving generic manufactured warfarin. Utilization of generic warfarin products also differed by geographic region and pharmacy setting. Manufacturer‐level comparative‐safety studies for causal inference should carefully consider the presence of these imbalances and their potential for introducing healthy user bias.
Responses of biomass allocation across two vegetation types to climate fluctuations in the northern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Dai Licong , Ke Xun , Guo Xiaowei , Du Yangong , Zhang Fawei , Li Yikang , Li Qian , Lin Li , Peng Cuoji , Shu Kai , Cao Guangmin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) is particularly sensitive to global climate change, especially to elevated temperatures, when compared with other ecosystems. However, few studies use long‐term field measurements to explore the interannual variations in plant biomass under climate fluctuations. Here, we examine the interannual variations of plant biomass within two vegetation types (alpine meadow and alpine shrub) during 2008–2017 and their relationships with climate variables. The following results were obtained. The aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) response differently to climate fluctuations, the AGB in KPM was dominated by mean annual precipitation (MAP), whereas the AGB in PFS was controlled by mean annual air temperature (MAT). However, the BGB of both KPM and PFS was only weakly affected by climate variables, suggesting that the BGB in alpine ecosystems may remain as a stable carbon stock even under future global climate change. Furthermore, the AGB in PFS was significantly higher than KPM, while the BGB and R/S in KPM were significantly higher than PFS, reflecting the KPM be more likely to allocate more photosynthates to roots. Interestingly, the proportion of 0–10 cm root biomass increased in KPM and PFS, whereas the other proportions both decreased, reflecting a shift in biomass toward the surface layer. Our results could provide a new sight for the prediction how alpine ecosystem response to future climate change.
Amplicon sequencing of 42 nuclear loci supports directional gene flow between South Pacific populations of a hydrothermal vent limpet
Authors: Plouviez Sophie , LaBella Abigail Leavitt , Weisrock David W. , von Meijenfeldt F. A. Bastiaan , Ball Bernard , Neigel Joseph E. , Van Dover Cindy L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the past few decades, population genetics and phylogeographic studies have improved our knowledge of connectivity and population demography in marine environments. Studies of deep‐sea hydrothermal vent populations have identified barriers to gene flow, hybrid zones, and demographic events, such as historical population expansions and contractions. These deep‐sea studies, however, used few loci, which limit the amount of information they provided for coalescent analysis and thus our ability to confidently test complex population dynamics scenarios.In this study, we investigated population structure, demographic history, and gene flow directionality among four Western Pacific hydrothermal vent populations of the vent limpet Lepetodrilus aff. schrolli. These vent sites are located in the Manus and Lau back‐arc basins, currently of great interest for deep‐sea mineral extraction. A total of 42 loci were sequenced from each individual using high‐throughput amplicon sequencing. Amplicon sequences were analyzed using both genetic variant clustering methods and evolutionary coalescent approaches. Like most previously investigated vent species in the South Pacific, L. aff. schrolli showed no genetic structure within basins but significant differentiation between basins. We inferred significant directional gene flow from Manus Basin to Lau Basin, with low to no gene flow in the opposite direction. This study is one of the very few marine population studies using >10 loci for coalescent analysis and serves as a guide for future marine population studies.
Joint species distribution models with species correlations and imperfect detection
Authors: Tobler Mathias W. , Kéry Marc , Hui Francis K. C. , Guillera‐Arroita Gurutzeta , Knaus Peter , Sattler Thomas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSpatiotemporal patterns in biological communities are typically driven by environmental factors and species interactions. Spatial data from communities are naturally described by stacking models for all species in the community. Two important considerations in such multispecies or joint species distribution models (JSDMs) are measurement errors and correlations between species. Up to now, virtually all JSDMs have included either one or the other, but not both features simultaneously, even though both measurement errors and species correlations may be essential for achieving unbiased inferences about the distribution of communities and species co‐occurrence patterns. We developed two presence–absence JSDMs for modeling pairwise species correlations while accommodating imperfect detection: one using a latent variable and the other using a multivariate probit approach. We conducted three simulation studies to assess the performance of our new models and to compare them to earlier latent variable JSDMs that did not consider imperfect detection. We illustrate our models with a large Atlas data set of 62 passerine bird species in Switzerland. Under a wide range of conditions, our new latent variable JSDM with imperfect detection and species correlations yielded estimates with little or no bias for occupancy, occupancy regression coefficients, and the species correlation matrix. In contrast, with the multivariate probit model we saw convergence issues with large data sets (many species and sites) resulting in very long run times and larger errors. A latent variable model that ignores imperfect detection produced correlation estimates that were consistently negatively biased, that is, underestimated. We found that the number of latent variables required to represent the species correlation matrix adequately may be much greater than previously suggested, namely around n/2, where n is community size. The analysis of the Swiss passerine data set exemplifies how not accounting for imperfect detection will lead to negative bias in occupancy estimates and to attenuation in the estimated covariate coefficients in a JSDM. Furthermore, spatial heterogeneity in detection may cause spurious patterns in the estimated species correlation matrix if not accounted for. Our new JSDMs represent an important extension of current approaches to community modeling to the common case where species presence–absence cannot be detected with certainty.
Connecting plant–soil feedbacks to long‐term stability in a desert grassland
Authors: Chung Y. Anny , Collins Scott L. , Rudgers Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTemporal fluctuations in plant species coexistence are key to understanding ecosystem state transitions and long‐term maintenance of species diversity. Although plant microbiomes can alter plant competition in short‐term experiments, their relevance to natural temporal patterns in plant communities is unresolved. In a semiarid grassland, the frequency and magnitude of change in plant species composition through time varied from relatively static to highly dynamic among patches across the landscape. We field tested whether these alternative successional trajectories correlated with alternative plant–soil interactions. In temporally stable patches, we found negative plant–soil feedbacks, where plants grew worse with conspecific than heterospecific soil biota—a mechanism that maintains stability in mathematical models. In contrast, feedbacks in temporally dynamic patches were neutral to positive. Importantly, the magnitude of feedbacks depended on plant frequency, enabling plant species to increase in cover when rare, which theory predicts will promote long‐term, stable coexistence. Although our study does not determine the direction of causality, our results reveal a novel link between plant—microbe interactions and temporal stability of plant species coexistence and help to explain 20+ yr of plant abundance dynamics at the patch‐to‐landscape scales.