bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PO 8438 KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTIONS ON ADVERSE DRUG EVENTS REPORTING AMONG PATIENTS AND HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS IN RURAL UGANDA
Authors: Ndagije Helen , Nambasa Victoria , Kajungu Dan 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundDrug regulatory authorities promote patient safety by, among other ways, monitoring adverse drug events (ADEs). Reporting of ADEs in Uganda is below the average for a well-performing system. Enhancing patients’ understanding of and involving them in reporting ADEs improves drug safety and treatment outcome monitoring. The objective of this study was to describe the knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients and healthcare workers regarding ADEs and ADEs reporting.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was carried out among 1034 respondents from randomly selected households and 327 health workers at health facilities in the Iganga Mayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (IMHDSS). The IMHDSS, located in Uganda, covers 90,000 people living in 17,000 households.ResultsOver half of respondents (59%) sought treatment from private drug shops, 37% from either clinic, health center or hospital, while 4% sought treatment from herbalists, friends or relatives. Over half (56%) were aware of ADEs, 57% expressed willingness to report an ADE while 43% did not know what to do when it occurs. Almost half (46%) could not differentiate between an ADE and the symptoms, and for those who could, the majority (76%) were willing to report it. Only 34% had ever reported an ADE when it occurred to them. Of those who reported, 43% had their drugs changed, 31% were only counseled while 11.5% continued taking the same medication. Among healthcare workers, 95% knew about ADEs, but only 35% had ever reported. Reasons for not reporting were: fear of being victimised or sued (35%); lack of adequate knowledge about ADE (26%); 20% thought it would disappear shortly; and 14% did not find it necessary to report.ConclusionPatients seek their treatment from private providers. Patients want to report ADEs, but they do not have adequate knowledge. Healthcare workers’ reasons for not reporting are subjective. Dedicated pharmacovigilance-related interventions at community level would improve community members’ knowledge and hence ADE reporting rate.
Aging changes in protective balance and startle responses to sudden drop perturbations
Authors: Sanders Ozell , Hsiao Hao Yuan , Savin Douglas N. , Creath Robert A. , Rogers Mark W. 
Published: April 2019

This study investigated aging changes in protective balance and startle responses to sudden drop perturbations and their effect on landing impact forces (vertical ground reaction forces, vGRF) and balance stability. Twelve healthy older (6 men; mean age = 72.5 ± 2.32 yr, mean ± SE) and 12 younger adults (7 men; mean age = 28.09 ± 1.03 yr) stood atop a moveable platform and received externally triggered drop perturbations of the support surface. Electromyographic activity was recorded bilaterally over the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), middle deltoid, biceps brachii, vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), medial gastrocnemius (MG), and tibialis anterior (TA). Whole body kinematics were recorded with motion analysis. Stability in the anteroposterior direction was quantified using the margin of stability (MoS). Incidence of early onset of bilateral SCM activation within 120 ms after drop onset was present during the first-trial response (FTR) for all participants. Co-contraction indexes during FTRs between VL and BF as well as TA and MG were significantly greater in the older group (VL/BF by 26%, P < 0.05; TA/MG by 37%, P < 0.05). Reduced shoulder abduction between FTR and last-trial responses, indicative of habituation, was present across both groups. Significant age-related differences in landing strategy were present between groups, because older adults had greater trunk flexion ( P < 0.05) and less knee flexion ( P < 0.05) that resulted in greater peak vGRFs and decreased MoS compared with younger adults. These findings suggest age-associated abnormalities of delayed, exaggerated, and poorly habituated startle/postural FTRs are linked with greater landing impact force and diminished balance stabilization. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study investigated the role of startle as a pathophysiological mechanism contributing to balance impairment in aging. We measured neuromotor responses as younger and older adults stood on a platform that dropped unexpectedly. Group differences in landing strategies indicated age-associated abnormalities of delayed, exaggerated, and poorly habituated startle/postural responses linked with a higher magnitude of impact force and decreased balance stabilization. The findings have implications for determining mechanisms contributing to falls and related injuries.
Analysis of students’ metacognition level in solving scientific literacy on the topic of static fluid
Authors: Pamungkas Zakaria Sandy , Aminah Nonoh Siti , Nurosyid Fahru 
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study is to describe students’ metacognition level in solving scientific literacy. This research use the descriptive method. The subject of this research is 99 students of grade XI in SMA Batik 2 Surakarta. Data collection methods used are test methods which its instruments based on an indicator of scientific literacy and metacognition ability. Data analysis techniques use quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the achievement of scientific literacy in science as a body of knowledge, science as a way of thinking, science as a way of investigating, and science as an interaction between technology and society is still low at below 35%. This is due to 84% student occupy in low metacognition level that is 30% students in tacit use level, 54% students in aware use level, and only 16% students occupy in high metacognition level that is in strategic use level.
Dimmer and neon transformer as a power controllable generator for atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Zin Rosnah Mohd , Soon Chin Fhong , Yusof Nadhia Mohd , Rizon Elfa Rizan , Tee Kian Sek , Ahmad Mohd Khairul , Nayan Nafarizal 
Published: April 2019

<span lang="EN-US">The feasibility of a dimmer and neon transformer to provide power control to the atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) is presented in this paper. The standard neon transformer was previously shown applicable to power up a plasma torch to generate plasma irradiation of an APPJ at 8.64kv and 35kHz. However, the plasma emission is not controllable. In this study, a lamp dimmer was proposed to function as a power controller to the neon transformer which drives the generation of plasma and discharged with argon gas. With the dimmer output voltage adjustable from 60 - 220V, the power and current of the dimmer were variable from 8.4 to 83.6 W and 0.08 and 0.38 A, respectively. The temperature measured at the quartz tube and sample exposure site were less than 50<sup>o</sup>C suggested that the APPJ produced were non-thermal. A simple test by exposing plasma plume to a leaf sample showed that the plasma produced were non-damaging to the leaf. This portable system can provide control to the APPJ and applicable for bioengineering studies. </span>
Economical and efficient technique for a static localized maximum sun lux determination
Authors: Ali Ahmed H. , Nada Adel S. , Shalaby Ahmed S. 
Published: April 2019

<span>Solar energy is one of the most promising renewable sources that is currently being used worldwide to contribute for meeting rising demands. In this paper solar irradiance measurement will experimentally carried out in two different regions in Egypt; Cairo and Luxor cities. This paper proposes a simple solar lux measurement using a light dependent resistor (LDR) with an arduino kit. This technique is based on two approaches which are coarse and fine maximum sun lux determination. This is based on the predetermined 26<sup>0</sup> vertical slop of the LDR. Coarse tuning determines one of the reach sun lux quarter (90<sup>0</sup>) of horizontal quad. The fine tuning allocates the optimized 10<sup>0</sup> in which; the maximum sun lux can be obtained. The optimal values of sun lux were found between the (90<sup>o</sup>–180<sup>o</sup>) quarter. This study confirms that the narrow ten degrees (95<sup>o</sup>-105<sup>o</sup>) are the optimized static sun lux extraction for the two site field measurements. This novel technique can be used for locating the angle of best installations for the solar cell at which maximum solar energy can be extracted. </span>
Mycophagous Drosophilidae (Diptera) guild and their hosts in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Santa-Brígida Rosângela , Wartchow Felipe , Medeiros Priscila Sanjuan , Gottschalk Marco Silva , Martins Marlúcia Bonifácio , De Carvalho Claudio José Barros 
Published: April 2019

The composition and potential hosts of mycophagous Drosophilidae from a section of the Brazilian Amazon forest in the Caxiuanã National forest were investigated. Sampling was performed in three different periods at long the wet season (January (beginning) and July (end) 2013 and May (middle) 2014). The samples were collected from existing trails by actively searching for fungal fruiting bodies where Drosophilidae were present. We present composition and richness analysis over two years of sampling sampling Drosophilidae and Fungi. We evaluate sampling completeness using asymptotic species richness estimators. Out of 159 fruiting body samples and 64 fungal species, 5,124 drosophilids belonging to 55 species and 5 genera were collected. The mycophagous Drosophilidae richness values estimated by Jackknife 1 and Bootstrap were 69 and 61, respectively. The estimated fly richness correlated positively with fungal richness and abundance. Among the Drosophilidae species identified in this study, approximately 5% represent new occurrences for Brazil and 56% represent new species. Four genera belonging to the Zygothrica genus group are found in the Amazon region, and these genera represent 80% of the fungus-associated fauna known to date for the tropics. In conclusion, our results show that the fungal richness and abundance were the factors that determined the high diversity of mycophagous Drosophilidae.
Brachionus rotundiformis Tschugunoff, 1921 from the Brachionus plicatilis species complex (Rotifera: Monogononta): A new record from Galápagos Archipelago, Ecuador
Authors: López Carlos , Steinitz-Kannan Miriam , Stamou Georgia , Michaloudi Evangelia , Papakostas Spiros , Fontaneto Diego , Segers Hendrik 
Published: April 2019

The presence of the rotifer species Brachionus rotundiformis from the B. plicatilis species complex in Lake Arcturo, a saline lake in the Genovesa Island of the Galápagos Islands, is here reported. This is the first record of the species for the rotifer fauna of Ecuador as well as of the species complex to the Galápagos Islands. This finding is consistent with the idea of high dispersion capacity, and of cosmopolitan distribution of this species complex. Because Genovesa Island is uninhabited, passive transport by wind currents and zoochory by migrant birds seem to emerge as the most plausible factors in this process of colonization. Integrative studies on the morphological variations, genetic, molecular, and ecological aspects are still required to further understand the process of dispersion and the ecology of this member of the B. plicatilis species complex in this remote and isolated locality, and the exact taxonomical position of the island’s population to the other members of the complex.
Investigações sobre o racismo: contribuições da semiótica francesa
Authors: Farias Iara Rosa 
Published: April 2019

Em pleno século XXI, diante de grandes avanços tecnológicos, ainda nos deparamos com atitudes racistas. O racismo está presente, infelizmente, nas práticas discursivas de várias sociedades, cotidianamente. Neste trabalho, pretendemos fazer um percurso histórico do termo raça e como as suas aplicações afetou discursos de uma época. Buscamos entender, por esse viés, como o racismo em relação ao negro se tornou possível e que permanece até os dias de hoje. Para abordar as transformações decorrentes do uso do termo raça vamos nos pautar nos conceitos valência e valor apresentados pela Semiótica tensiva desenvolvida no trabalho de Fontanille e Zilberberg (2001). Para fazer o percurso histórico do conceito raça e abordar o seu uso nos discursos, recorremos aos trabalhos de Mbembe (2012), Munanga (2000) Ianni (2004) e Bonciani (2016) entre outros pesquisadores.

Palavras-chave: Valência. Valor. Paradigma. Raça. Racismo.
Um diplomata-curador para um palácio-museu
Authors: Leão Leandro 
Published: April 2019

A relação entre a arte e arquitetura, a chamada síntese das artes, será uma das características da arquitetura moderna brasileira como elemento de projeto – materializado em painéis, murais esculturas e jardins – tanto no interior de edifícios quanto em suas fachadas e em espaços públicos. A cidade de Brasília tem na relação das obras de arte integradas uma tônica fundamental para a constituição da imagem da cidade. Ao se analisar a atuação dos artistas na construção da cidade de Brasília, a partir dos anos 1950, predomina a presença de obras a partir de um circuito de profissionais envolvidos bastante limitado, em relação direta ao meio de arquitetura moderna carioca, principalmente o de Oscar Niemeyer.
É em contraposição a essa pretendida síntese das artes ancorada em um único grupo que surge o Palácio Itamaraty. A partir deste objeto peculiar, esta pesquisa irá debater a ação do diplomata Wladimir Murtinho e a escolha das obras de arte integradas no Palácio em Brasília, desafiando a visão dominante de um único movimento de arte e arquitetura representativos do moderno nacional.
Composition and organization of highly speciose Empidoidea (Diptera) communities in tropical montane forests of northern Thailand
Authors: PLANT ADRIAN R. , BICKEL DANIEL J. , CHATELAIN PAUL , DAUGERON CHRISTOPHE , SRISUKA WICHAI 
Published: April 2019

This study is based on more than 25,000 specimens of the superfamily Empidoidea (Diptera) collected throughout a full year on a 2000 m elevational habitat succession gradient along a 21 km transect on Doi Inthanon, the highest mountain in Thailand. The samples were sorted to 58 genera and 458 morphospecies (Empididae, 73; Hybotidae, 203; Dolichopodidae, 179; Brachystomatidae, 3). The data were used to prepare the first thorough taxon-focussed description of how diversity of a major group of Diptera is structured in tropical forest biotopes. We found significant spatial (elevation / habitat) and temporal (seasonal) variations in richness (α-diversity) and abundance at family-level. α-Diversity of the four families was maximal in damp evergreen forests at higher elevation (1500–2500 m), but Dolichopodidae also had a major subsidiary peak in lowland dry evergreen forest at 500–1000 m. Genus-, tribe- and subfamily level α-diversity / elevation profiles were varied, indicating that overall family-level richness is a composite of many taxa that contribute low, high or mid-elevation specialisms. We provide a detailed analysis of these specialisms for each of the 58 genera. Adult phenology was correlated with the monsoon and had three characteristic phases: (i) pre-monsoon commencement during the latter part of the hot dry season, (ii) a ‘flush’ of maximal richness during the early-monsoon, and (iii) a secondary richness maximum associated with the late-monsoon. Maximum α-diversity occurred in phases (i) and (ii) but communities in phase (iii) had characteristically low evenness in which a few abundant species were dominant. Cluster analysis and ordination resolved three well-founded communities with different species-abundance distributions, high levels of species-level specialism and habitat-fidelity associated with moist hill evergreen forest (MHE) at >2000 m; mid elevation evergreen forests (EM) at 1000–2000 m and dry lowland forest (DL) at <1000 m. The three forest types with which these communities are associated are widespread and typical of northern Thailand and the diversity characteristics of each habitat are likely scalable to larger geographic areas. The transition from lowland DL through to upper montane MHE communities was generally characterised by increasing abundance, lower evenness (higher dominance), slower temporal turnover of community composition (relaxation of seasonality), longer periods of adult flight activity and rare species contributing less to species richness. Oriental biogeographic influences are strong at lower elevations but Palaearctic influences are increasingly important at higher elevations. The mixing of Oriental and Palaearctic elements in MHE forests is thought to explain the greater phylogenetic complexity at higher elevation (as measured by taxonomic distinctness).
Quantitative evaluation of beta-amyloid brain PET imaging in dementia: a comparison between two commercial software packages and the clinical report
Authors: Curry Sorcha , Patel Neva , Fakhry-Darian Daniel , Khan Sairah , Perry Richard J , Malhotra Paresh A , Nijran Kuldip S , Win Zarni 
Published: April 2019

Objective:
To compare commercially available image analysis tools Hermes BRASS and Siemens Syngo.VIA with clinical assessment in 18F-Florbetapir PET scans

Methods:
225 scans were reported by clinicians and quantified using two software packages. Scans were classified into Type A (typical features) or non-Type A (atypical features) for both positive and negative scans. For BRASS, scans with z-score ≥ 2 in 2 ≥ region of interest were classed positive. For Syngo.VIA a positive scan was indicated when mean cortical standardized uptake value ratio (mcSUVR) ≥ 1.17.

Results:
81% scans were Type A, and 19% scans were non-Type A. The sensitivity of BRASS and Syngo.VIA for Type A scans was 98.8 and 96.3%, specificity was 73 and 92%, respectively. Sensitivity for non-Type A scans was 95.8 and 79.2%, specificity was 36.8 and 57.9%, respectively.
A third threshold of identifiable levels of plaque (1.08 ≤ mcSUVR ≤ 1.17) was recommended for Syngo.VIA to increase detection of false negative scans.
The false positive rate of BRASS significantly decreased when an alternative positive threshold value of mcSUVR ≥ 1.18.
Introduction of alternative criteria did not improve prediction outcome for non-Type A scans. More complex solutions are recommended.

Conclusion:
Hermes criteria for a positive scan leads to a high sensitivity but a low specificity. Siemens Syngo.VIA criteria gives a high sensitivity and specificity and agrees better with the clinical report. Alternative thresholds and classifications may help to improve agreement with the clinical report.

Advances in knowledge:
Software packages may assist with clinical reporting of more difficult to interpret cases that require a more experienced read.
Gramática Cognitiva e eventos de uso: o conectivo causal "resultado"
Authors: Ferrari Lilian Vieira 
Published: April 2019

Este trabalho adota a perspectiva teórica da Gramática Cognitiva (Langacker, 1987, 1991), com o objetivo de descrever o modo pelo qual unidades linguísticas são abstraídas de eventos de uso que, por sua vez, são caracterizados como instâncias reais de uso linguístico. Na esteira de propostas anteriores que enfocam conectivos causais do inglês - “therefore” (Langacker, 2001) - e do português brasileiro – “por isso” e “portanto” (Ferrari & Andrade, 2015), apresenta-se uma proposta de análise do conectivo causal “resultado” do português brasileiro. A partir de dados de língua escrita, retirados do Corpus do Português (http://www.corpusdoportugues.org), a análise desenvolve o argumento de que a unidade linguística “resultado” reflete a esquematização da relação entre as proposições P1 (causa) e P2 (consequência), e da sinalização implícita da perspectiva do falante com relação ao evento descrito em P2. Em particular, o conectivo sinaliza que, sob o ponto de vista do falante, P2 é indesejável e/ou contrário às expectativas.
Performance of Desiccant Solar Crop Dryers in Makurdi, Nigeria
Authors: Itodo Isaac N , Ijabo Joshua O , Charles Japheth A , Ezeanaka Nathaniel N , Akpa Solomon O 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Dryers in humid tropical locations like Makurdi, Nigeria (Lat. 7°7´N), have not performed significantly better than the open air sun drying of crops because of the high ambient relative humidity that is often not less than 70% all year round, hence the need to use desiccant augmented dryers. The performance of three types of non-regenerative desiccant solar crop dryers was undertaken to determine the best performing dryer configuration for further improvement and use in the location. The dryers developed were the indirect-active desiccant dryer (IADD), direct-active desiccant dryer (DADD), and the direct-passive desiccant dryer (DPDD). The dryers were designed, constructed, and their performance evaluated and compared to open air sun drying (OASD). The drying rate (kg/h) and Dryer Performance Coefficient (DPC) were used to evaluate the performance of the dryers. The active dryers were operated at a fan speed of 1.2 m/s. Moisture absorption rate and % moisture absorbed to its weight were used to evaluate the performance of the desiccant. The desiccant used was a composite of rice husk ash (RHA) and calcium chloride binded with cement in the ratio of 1:1:1 by weight. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p = 0.05 was used to determine if there was a significant difference in the measured parameters of the dryers. The Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at p = 0.05 was used to separate the means where there was a significant difference. The drying rates were 0.23, 0.19, 0.16, and 0.13 kg/h for the DADD, DPDD, IADD, and OASD, respectively. The drying rate of the OASD was not significantly different from that of the IADD. The DPC was 1.53, 1.40, and 1.15 for the DADD, DPDD, and IADD, respectively. The DPC of the dryers were significantly different. The direct active desiccant dryer had the highest temperature of 45°C, the lowest relative humidity of 50% at the drying unit and the highest rate of moisture absorbed by the desiccant of 0.24 kg/h. The non-regenerative RHA desiccant had maximum moisture absorption of 28% of its weight. The direct active desiccant dryer is recommended for further development for use in humid tropical locations. Keywords: Crop, Desiccant, Dryer, Humid tropic, Performance, Solar.