bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth Factor–like Gene Regulation Is Separable from Survival and Maturation in Antibody-Secreting Cells
Authors: Stephenson Sophie , Care Matthew A. , Fan Im , Zougman Alexandre , Westhead David R. , Doody Gina M. , Tooze Reuben M. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Recurrent mutational activation of the MAP kinase pathway in plasma cell myeloma implicates growth factor–like signaling responses in the biology of Ab-secreting cells (ASCs). Physiological ASCs survive in niche microenvironments, but how niche signals are propagated and integrated is poorly understood. In this study, we dissect such a response in human ASCs using an in vitro model. Applying time course expression data and parsimonious gene correlation network analysis (PGCNA), a new approach established by our group, we map expression changes that occur during the maturation of proliferating plasmablast to quiescent plasma cell under survival conditions including the potential niche signal TGF-β3. This analysis demonstrates a convergent pattern of differentiation, linking unfolded protein response/endoplasmic reticulum stress to secretory optimization, coordinated with cell cycle exit. TGF-β3 supports ASC survival while having a limited effect on gene expression including upregulation of CXCR4. This is associated with a significant shift in response to SDF1 in ASCs with amplified ERK1/2 activation, growth factor–like immediate early gene regulation and EGR1 protein expression. Similarly, ASCs responding to survival conditions initially induce partially overlapping sets of immediate early genes without sustaining the response. Thus, in human ASCs growth factor–like gene regulation is transiently imposed by niche signals but is not sustained during subsequent survival and maturation.
Transarterial radioembolization with Iodine-131-Lipiodol for hepatic metastases from gastrointestinal malignancies – Experience in tertiary care oncology center in India
Authors: Bhargavi Vidya , Subbanna Indusekhar , Kallur K. G. , Patel Aakash , Swamy Shivakumar , Patil Shekar 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Context: Unresectable colorectal hepatic metastases can be treated with radioembolization. Aims: The aim of this study is to analyze the response and survival benefits of transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with Iodine-131 (131I) Lipiodol for hepatic metastases from gastrointestinal malignancies. Settings and Design: Retrospective study of 20 patients with pathologically proven hepatic metastases from primary gastrointestinal malignancies referred for palliative therapy with TARE. Subjects and Methods: At baseline, standard laboratory and imaging data were recorded. All patients fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria underwent TARE with 131I Lipiodol. Post procedure, the patients were reviewed after 1 month with follow-up positron emission tomography–computed tomography and tumor marker levels to evaluate treatment response with continued follow-up till December 2016 and overall survival calculated. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using a statistical analysis package (Social sciences, version 15.0 for Windows; SSPS Inc.). Survival data were plotted using Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Results: At the end of follow-up period, 15 of 20 patients were alive. The mean and median survival was 38.88 ± 5.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 29.03–48.74 months, P = 0.17) and 49.3 ± 12.4 months (95% CI, 25.0–73.7 months, P = 0.17), respectively. 66 months survival was 75%. Response evaluation in 10 patients showed partial response in 3 (30%), stable disease in 2 (20%) and progressive disease in 5 (50%) patients. All patients with partial response showed a reduction in serum tumor marker levels. Conclusions: TARE with 131I-Lipiodol is highly effective with a significant survival benefit in refractory cases of hepatic metastases from gastrointestinal malignancies.
Stromal expression of CD10 in breast carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters
Authors: Dhande Ashish Nitin , Sinai Khandeparkar Siddhi Gaurish , Joshi Avinash R. , Kulkarni Maithili Mandar , Pandya Nidhi , Mohanapure Neelam , Aggarwal Aakriti , Patil Gargi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is the foremost cause of death in women worldwide with more than one million cases occurring annually. Aim: This study was conducted to study the stromal CD10 expression in breast carcinomas (BCa) and its correlation with various prognostic factors such as tumor size, histological grade, lymph node status, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2neu, and Ki67 status. Materials and Methods: Sixty cases of BCa diagnosed between 2013 and 2015 were included in the study. Stromal expression of CD10 was studied on entire section of selected BCa blocks for all cases. A technique of manual tissue microarray was employed for the analysis of expression of immunohistochemical markers ER, PR, and HER2/Neu and Ki67 in all cases. Results were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Stromal CD10 positivity was seen in 78.3% cases, out of which 53.3% of cases were strongly positive, and 25.0% cases were weakly positive. Positivity for ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 was 31.7%, 33.3%, 65%, and 75%, respectively. Stromal expression of CD10 was found to be significantly associated with increasing tumor grade, lymph node status, HER2neu positivity, ER negativity, and Ki67 positivity. CD10 stromal expression was seen mainly in PR negative BCa cases; however, it was statistically insignificant. It was noted that CD10 stromal positivity increased with increasing grade. Conclusion: CD10 can be used as an independent prognostic marker and should be included in routine histopathology report. CD10 could act as a potential target for newer drug development.
Role of CD138, CD56, and light chain immunohistochemistry in suspected and diagnosed plasma cell myeloma: A prospective study
Authors: Dass Jasmita , Arava Sudheer , Mishra Pravas Chandra , Dinda Amit Kumar , Pati Hara Prasad 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Plasma cells (PCs) have conventionally been counted on the bone marrow aspirate, and small focal involvement may be missed even on bone marrow biopsy sections. Material and Methods: We aimed to study the role of CD138, CD56, anti-κ, and anti-λ immunohistochemistry (IHC) to separate PC myeloma from reactive plasmacytosis and to study the utility of these in cases suspected as myelomas and lacking >10% PCs on bone marrow aspirate. The study comprised 35 diagnosed myelomas, 20 reactive plasmacytosis, and 19 M-band positive suspected myelomas. CD138 IHC was performed on all cases along with CD56, anti-κ, and anti-λ IHC. PCs were counted on CD138-immunostained sections by manual count and by image analysis. In addition, CD56 expression was correlated with clinical features in diagnosed myeloma group. Results: In all cases, both manual counts and image analysis, PC counts were significantly higher on the CD138 stained sections than bone marrow aspirates. It was seen that the manual PC counts and image analysis counts were equivalent in diagnosed myeloma cases. CD56 expression was seen in ~62.85% diagnosed myeloma cases while it was negative in cases of reactive plasmacytosis. CD56 expression was significantly higher in patients with lytic lesions (78.26% vs. 21.74%). CD138, anti-κ, and anti-λ IHC also helped classify 11/19 (57.8%) cases correctly. Conclusion: The use of CD138 along with the light chain and CD56 IHC adds a high diagnostic value in myeloma patients and suspected myeloma cases. The PCs can be counted manually on the CD138-immunostained sections and correlate well with the counts obtained by image analysis.
The Importance of Wage Growth Assumptions in Calculating Economic Damages
Authors: Even William E. , Macpherson David A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study examines the importance of incorporating age-earnings profiles into the estimation of future earnings. Using data from the 2000 Census of the Population and the 2001-2015 American Community Surveys, we estimate age-earnings profiles for seven different education groups after controlling for period and cohort effects. We compare estimates of the loss in future earnings using the age-earnings profiles versus two popular alternatives: assuming a constant rate of earnings growth across the life-cycle or using cross-sectional data for age groups to estimate wage growth for various age ranges. Our results imply that a failure to incorporate the age-earnings profile into estimates of earnings losses can lead to significant over- or under-statement of losses depending on the age at which the damages begin and the educational attainment of the injured party.
Influence of station density and multi-constellation GNSS observations on troposphere tomography
Authors: Zhao Qingzhi , Zhang Kefei , Yao Wanqiang 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Troposphere tomography, using multi-constellation observations from global
navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), has
become a novel approach for the three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of
water vapour fields. An analysis of the integration of four GNSSs (BeiDou,
GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo) observations is presented to investigate the
impact of station density and single- and multi-constellation GNSS
observations on troposphere tomography. Additionally, the optimal horizontal
resolution of the research area is determined in Hong Kong considering both
the number of voxels divided, and the coverage rate of discretized voxels
penetrated by satellite signals. The results show that densification of the
GNSS network plays a more important role than using multi-constellation GNSS
observations in improving the retrieval of 3-D atmospheric water vapour
profiles. The root mean square of slant wet delay (SWD) residuals derived
from the single-GNSS observations decreased by 16 % when the data from
the other four stations are added. Furthermore, additional experiments have
been carried out to analyse the contributions of different combined GNSS data
to the reconstructed results, and the comparisons show some interesting
results: (1) the number of iterations used in determining the weighting
matrices of different equations in tomography modelling can be decreased when
considering multi-constellation GNSS observations and (2) the reconstructed
quality of 3-D atmospheric water vapour using multi-constellation GNSS data
can be improved by about 11 % when compared to the SWD estimated with
precise point positioning, but this was not as high as expected.
&#x93;Treasonable Expressions&#x94;: James Bell and the Emerging Legal Right to Criticize Government
Authors: Frasca Ralph 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
James Bell's 1798 prosecution for verbally criticizing government while in his own tavern has been considered a missing Alien and Sedition Acts case. This article challenges that contention. Using previously undiscovered primary sources, it answers integral questions such as: (1) Why was Bell the subject of government prosecution? (2) What prompted Bell to utter his &#x93;treasonable expressions&#x94;? (3) Was Bell's case a Sedition Act prosecution? (4) What was the outcome of this case? His prosecution is set against the backdrop of his role in the Stony Ridge Convention, which some regard as the genesis of the Bill of Rights.
Associating the origin and spread of sound change using agent-based modelling applied to /s/-retraction in English
Authors: Stevens Mary , Harrington Jonathan , Schiel Florian 
Published: January 2019

The study explored whether an asymmetric phonetic overlap between speech sounds could be turned into sound change through propagation around a community of speakers. The focus was on the change of /s/ to /ʃ/ which is known to be more likely than a change in the other direction both synchronically and diachronically. An agent-based model was used to test the prediction that communication between agents would advance /s/-retraction in /str/ clusters (e.g. string). There was one agent per speaker and the probabilistic mapping between words, phonological classes, and speech signals could be updated during communication depending on whether an agent listener absorbed an incoming speech signal from an agent talker into memory. Followinginteraction, sibilants in /str/ clusters were less likely to share a phonological class with prevocalic /s/ and were acoustically closer to /ʃ/. The findings lend support to the idea that sound change is the outcome of a fortuitous combination of the relative size and orientation of phonetic distributions, their association to phonological classes, and how these types of information vary between speakers that happen to interact with each other.
The History of Pathologists' Assistants: A Tale of 2 Educational Mavericks
Authors: Wright James R. 
Published: January 2019

Context.—The use of medical technologists to assist with clinical pathology workload has been common since the 1930s. In stark contrast, most aspects of anatomical pathology have traditionally been considered to be medical work that must be performed by pathologists or residents.Objective.—To describe the history of the pathologists' assistant profession in North America.Design.—Available primary and secondary historical sources were reviewed.Results.—The concept of physician assistants, capable of performing delegated medical tasks, was created by Eugene A. Stead Jr, MD, at Duke University in 1965. When this profession began, it was quickly embraced by the American Medical Association, which took ownership related to certification and licensing of practitioners as well as external accreditation of training programs. Because of concerns about pathology manpower in the late 1960s, Thomas D. Kinney, MD, also at Duke University, developed the first training program for pathologists' assistants in 1969. Pathologists' assistants were not immediately accepted by many academic pathologists, especially related to work in the surgical pathology gross room. Organized pathology did not help the new profession develop standards, and so in 1972 pathologists' assistants created their own professional organization, the American Association of Pathologists' Assistants. Although it took several decades, the association was eventually able to forge relationships with the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences for training program accreditation and the American Society for Clinical Pathology for board certification for practitioners. The development of the profession in Canada is also described.Conclusions.—The pathologists' assistant profession is now well established in North America.
Análisis de la Influencia de la Función de Auditoría Interna sobre las Cuotas de Auditoría
Authors: Sierra García Laura , Ruiz Barbadillo Emiliano , Orta Pérez Manuel 
Published: January 2019

The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between the internal audit function and auditor's fees using a sample of Spanish listed companies between 2003 and 2011. We use the audit fees model that was proposed by Simunic (1980). Our results indicate that fees are greater in those companies that have an internal audit function. In addition, if there are meetings between the audit committee and the internal audit function, this is statistically significant with audit fees. This paper contributes to literature in several ways. Firstly, there are no previous papers in Spain, unlike other contexts, on the relationship between internal audit and auditor fees. Secondly, the empirical results detected in previous studies are conflicting; therefore, there is a need to complement them. Finally, the findings have practical implications for companies, external auditors and regulatory agencies themselves.
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la relación existente entre la función de auditoría interna y los honorarios del auditor sobre una muestra de empresas que cotizan en el mercado continuo español entre 2003 y 2011. Utilizando el modelo de honorarios de auditoría propuesto por Simunic (1980), los resultados indican que los honorarios de auditoría son mayores en aquellas compañías que cuentan con la existencia de un departamento de auditoría interna. Asimismo, la existencia de reuniones entre el comité de auditoría y la función de auditoría interna es estadísticamente significativa con los honorarios. Este estudio contribuye a la literatura de diversas formas. En primer lugar, no existen trabajos anteriores en España, a diferencia de otros contextos, sobre la relación entre auditoría interna y honorarios. En segundo lugar, los resultados empíricos detectados en estudios previos resultan contradictorios por lo tanto lleva a la necesidad de complementarlos. Finalmente, los resultados tiene implicaciones prácticas para la empresa, los auditores externos y los propios organismos reguladores.
Angiosperm phylogeny poster (APP) – Flowering plant systematics, 2019
Authors: Cole Theodor C H , Hilger Hartmut H , Stevens Peter F 
Published: January 2019

The Angiosperm Phylogeny Poster – Flowering Plant Systematics is an educational tool presenting an overview of the evolutionary relationships among flowering plants according to APG IV and APweb as of 2018. The phylogenetic tree depicts the 64 orders and the majority of the 416 families, listing the main apomorphies and plesiomorphies as well as diagnostic and nondiagnostic anatomical, morphological, and phytochemical features for orders and higher levels within the tree along with the number of families, genera, and species for each order. The intuitive color-coding facilitates memorization and teaching.
Translations of the poster by internationally renown botanists are now available in 24 languages. Hyperlinks to APweb (Peter F. Stevens, Missouri Botanical Garden) are provided for the orders and higher ranks.
This is one in a series of three educational posters on the phylogeny of land plants: Poster 1: "Angiosperms", Poster 2: "Tracheophytes: Lycophytes, Ferns, Gymnosperms", Poster 3: "Bryophytes: Liverworts, Mosses, Hornworts".
Imperialismo, estágio superior do capitalismo: ensaio popular (Resenha)
Authors: Andrade Ricardo Adriano de 
Published: January 2019

Resenha do livro "Imperialismo, estágio superior do capitalismo: ensaio popular", por Vladimir Ilitch Ulianov - Lenin, Petrogrado, Rússia, 1917. Edição Brasileira: Expressão Popular, São Paulo, 2012.
ENSINO POLITÉCNICO: UMA LEITURA SOBRE TECNOLOGIA
Authors: Corrêa Raquel Folmer 
Published: January 2019

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: ">O artigo busca compreender os modos pelos quais a tecnologia é entendida na proposta de ensino médio politécnico do Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A investigação faz parte dos debates que problematizam a </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: ">tecnologia em contextos educacionais</span><span style="font-family: ">. O suporte teórico e metodológico é derivado de leituras sobre a perspectiva marxista da educação, a educação CTS e a análise de discurso francesa. Foi verificado que a tecnologia é compreendida de modo generalizado na proposta politécnica examinada. A leitura realizada permitiu uma reflexão acerca das possibilidades e limites dessa proposta tendo em vista uma formação humana crítica, integral e permanente no contexto brasileiro. </span></p>
Cobalt‐Doped SnS2 with Dual Active Centers of Synergistic Absorption‐Catalysis Effect for High‐S Loading Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Gao Xuejie , Yang Xiaofei , Li Minsi , Sun Qian , Liang Jianneng , Luo Jing , Wang Jiwei , Li Weihan , Liang Jianwen , Liu Yulong , Wang Sizhe , Hu Yongfeng , Xiao Qunfeng , Li Ruying , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Sun Xueliang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe application of Li‐S batteries is hindered by low sulfur utilization and rapid capacity decay originating from slow electrochemical kinetics of polysulfide transformation to Li2S at the second discharge plateau around 2.1 V and harsh shuttling effects for high‐S‐loading cathodes. Herein, a cobalt‐doped SnS2 anchored on N‐doped carbon nanotube (NCNT@Co‐SnS2) substrate is rationally designed as both a polysulfide shield to mitigate the shuttling effects and an electrocatalyst to improve the interconversion kinetics from polysulfides to Li2S. As a result, high‐S‐loading cathodes are demonstrated to achieve good cycling stability with high sulfur utilization. It is shown that Co‐doping plays an important role in realizing high initial capacity and good capacity retention for Li‐S batteries. The S/NCNT@Co‐SnS2 cell (3 mg cm−2 sulfur loading) delivers a high initial specific capacity of 1337.1 mA h g−1 (excluding the Co‐SnS2 capacity contribution) and 1004.3 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 1.3 mA cm−2, while the counterpart cell (S/NCNT@SnS2) only shows an initial capacity of 1074.7 and 843 mA h g−1 at the 100th cycle. The synergy effect of polysulfide confinement and catalyzed polysulfide conversion provides an effective strategy in improving the electrochemical performance for high‐sulfur‐loading Li‐S batteries.
4D Corneal Tissue Engineering: Achieving Time‐Dependent Tissue Self‐Curvature through Localized Control of Cell Actuators
Authors: Miotto Martina , Gouveia Ricardo M. , Ionescu Ana M. , Figueiredo Francisco , Hamley Ian W. , Connon Che J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhile tissue engineering is widely used to construct complex tridimensional biocompatible structures, researchers are now attempting to extend the technique into the fourth dimension. Such fourth dimension consists in the transformation of 3D materials over time, namely, by changing their shape, composition, and/or function when subjected to specific external stimuli. Herein, producing a 4D biomaterial with an internal mechanism of stimulus, using contractile cells as bio‐actuators to change tissue shape and structure, is explored. Specifically, producing cornea‐shaped, curved stromal tissue equivalents via the controlled, cell‐driven curving of collagen‐based hydrogels. This is achieved by modulating the activity of the bio‐actuators in delimited regions of the gels using a contraction‐inhibiting peptide amphiphile. The self‐curved constructs are then characterized in terms of cell and collagen fibril reorganization, gel stiffness, cell phenotype, and the ability to sustain the growth of a corneal epithelium in vitro. Overall, the results show that the structural and mechanical properties of self‐curved gels acquired through a 4D engineering method are more similar to those of the native tissue, and represent a significant improvement over planar 3D scaffolds. In this perspective, the study demonstrates the great potential of cell bio‐actuators for 4D tissue engineering applications.