bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transpalpebral Rheoophthalmography as a Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Sclera-Strengthening and Trophic Treatment of Progressive Myopia
Authors: Iomdina E. N. , Tarutta E. P. , Markossian G. A. , Sianosyan A. A. , Luzhnov P. V. , Shamaev D. M. , Ramazanova K. A. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:to evaluate, using transpalpebral rheoophthalmography (TP ROG), the effectiveness of sclera-strengthening and trophic treatment of progressive myopia with a new biologically active chitosan-containing transplant.Patients and methods. 40 children and adolescents with moderate or high progressive myopia, averagely aged 12.6 ± 0.38 years, were examined after receiving low invasive sclera-strengthening surgery on one eye with a biologically active chitosan-containing transplant. The initial refraction of the operated eye was — 6.25 ± 0.23 D, while that of the fellow eye was — 5.85 ± 0.28 D. The yearly gradient of myopia progression averaged 1.10 ± 0.04 D. Hemodynamic parameters were measured using TP ROG) prior to intervention, then 1, 6 and 12 months after intervention. At the same time points, scleral acoustic density (SAD) was determined by analyzing tissue histograms obtained with a multipurpose ultrasound device, VOLUSON 730 Pro «GE».Results. One year after sclera-strengthening treatment, a 4.4-fold reduction of myopia progression rate on the operated eye was noted, supplemented by a 2.2-fold reduction of same on the fellow eye. Stabilization of refraction was accompanied by an increase of SAD: 6 months after the surgery, SAD was averagely 19.7 conventional units higher than the original figure in the posterior pole of the operated eye, and 16.2 conventional units higher in the equatorial area. One year after the surgery, the figures were, respectively, 15.9 (p < 0.05) and 14.0 conventional units (p < 0.01). The rheographic index of TP ROG increased with regard to the initial value by 139 % after one month, by 69.8 % after 6 months, and by 34.6 % after 1 year. On fellow eyes, the index also tended to increase: by 123.3 % after 1 month, by 65.2 after 6 months, and by the end of the follow-up period it exceeded the original value by 28.7 %, which is an evidence of a pronounced trophic effect of sclera-strengthening myopia treatment with chitosan not only on the operated eye but also (to a lesser extent) on the fellow eye.Conclusion. TP ROG is an effective evaluation method of sclera-strengthening treatment of progressive myopia. This method can also be used to study eye hemodynamics in a variety of ophthalmic pathologies, including those managed in pediatric clinical practice.
Immunological Aspects of Macular Edema after Cataract Surgery in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Frolov M. A. , Lipatov D. V. , Bashina I. A. , Frolov A. M. , Belyaeva E. S. 
Published: January 2019

Cytokines are polypeptides which are produced by a broad range of cells of the body. They play a key role in the formation and regulation of protective reactions. The researchers attempt to find predictors for the development of exudative-inflammatory reaction after surgery. It led to study of the eyes immunological status. It is known that a change of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines balance leads to the blood-ocular barrier dysfunction that increases the inflammatory reaction. It is interesting the blood-ocular barrier has already damaged in diabetic patients. The paper examines the epidemiology, pathogenesis and possible methods of prevention the postoperative cystoid macular edema, presents investigations describing the change in the local cytokine status in patients with diabetes and the association between cytokines concentrations and the severity of diabetic retinopathy. The manuscript has shown possibilities of multiplex analysis, emphasized the features of individual cytokines and angiogenic factors, highlighted cytokines as predictors of macular edema after cataract surgery. The study of the cytokines role in the development of ophthalmic pathology led to the creation the new pathogenetically oriented eye diseases therapy. Further studies of the cytokine status in patients with macular edema after phacoemulsification are needed to determine the possible treatment methods.
BATAS USIA PENSIUN GURU SWASTA DITINJAU BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 13 TAHUN 2003 TENTANG KETENAGAKERJAAN
Authors: Qashrina Hafin Auni 
Published: January 2019

Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan mengatur aturan-aturan ketenagakerjaan secara umum, tetapi pengaturan yang tegas dan jelas mengenai berapa batas usia pensiun yang berlaku tidak diatur. Tidak adanya pengaturan tersebut meliputi pekerja pada bidang pemerintahan maupun non pemerintahan. Pada beberapa pekerja dalam pemerintahan seperti halnya Tentara/|Polisi, Hakim, telah terdapat aturan batas usia pensiun yang jelas dalam undang-undang profesi terkait, tetapi hal tersebut berbeda dengan profesi guru karena banyak guru yang bekerja tidak hanya dalam status pekerja pemerintahan namun juga dalam status non pemerintahan. Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2005 tentang Guru dan Dosen, guru yang diangkat dan ditempatkan dibedakan menjadi 2 (dua), yaitu: a. Guru Pegawai Negeri; b. Guru Swasta. Dalam peraturan tersebut diatur pula batas usia pensiun guru yang diatur pada usia 60 tahun. Meskipun demikian pembedaan yang tegas antara batas usia pensiun Guru Pegawai Negeri dan Guru Swasta tidak tidak diatur, hal tersebut berakibat pada praktik Penyelenggara Pendidikan Swasta yang menerapkan ketentuan usia pensiun untuk Guru Swasta kurang dari 60 tahun.
The results of use of myoplasty for closure of the pelvic floor defect after extralevator abdominoperineal excision of the rectum
Authors: Domansky N. A. , Semiglazov V. V. , Karachun A. M. , Lebedev K. K. , Samsonov D. V. , Domansky А. A. 
Published: January 2019

Background. Extralevator abdominoperineal excision is associated with a high incidence of perineal wound complications. There is no uniform standard for choosing the method for pelvic floor reconstruction after extralevator abdominoperineal excision.The purpose of the study was to compare the results of extralevator abdominoperineal excisions of the rectum using various methods of perineal wound closure.Materials and Methods. Between 2014 and 2018, 120 patients underwent extralevator abdominoperineal excisions of the rectum using various options for closure of the pelvic floor. The patients were divided into 3 groups. Group I patients (n=64) underwent simple plasty of the peritoneal wound. Group II patients (n=43) underwent myoplasty using the gluteus maximus muscle. Group III patients (n=13) underwent myoplasty using the rectus abdominis muscle. The incidence of perineal wound complications in the early postoperative period was assessed.Results. The total number of perineal wound complications in Group I, II and III was 33 (51.5 %), 13 (30.2 %), and 6 (46.1 %), respectively. Grade IIIA-IIIB complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification were observed in 25 % of Group I patients, in 18.6 % of Group II patients and in 7.7 % of Group II patients. Postoperative perineal wound complications occurred more often in Group I patients after simple plasty than in Group II and III patients after myoplasty (51.5 % versus 30.2 %). However, perineal wound complications were observed more often in Group III than in Group II (46.1 % versus 30.2 %, respectively). No significant differences in the frequency of complications between 3 groups were found.Conclusion. Using various options for closure of the pelvic floor after extralevator abdominoperineal excisions of the rectum, there was a tendency to reduction in the incidence of grade IIIA-IIIB perineal wound complications.
Aeration optimization of large-scale membrane bioreactors in a sewage treatment plant
Authors: Tang M. , Liu J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Increasing stringency of environmental discharge standards has triggered an industry-wide inclination towards membrane bioreactors over conventional activated sludge processes to ensure fulfilment of environmental discharge criteria. Yet, despite its plentiful advantages, high aeration costs remain as a key deterrent to the widespread adoption of the MBR technology. This backdrop created an impetus for a wastewater treatment company to develop an efficient MBR air scouring protocol that can be realized in existing plants without retrofitting. Known as pulsed cyclic aeration, plant trial applications have demonstrated that fouling control and aeration savings can be improved by &gt;30%, resulting in scouring energy consumptions that can be as low as 0.049 kWh/m3.
Removal of microcystin-LR from aqueous solution using Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds
Authors: Yasmin Rabia , Aftab Kiran , Kashif Muhammad 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The removal of microcystin-LR from aqueous solution using native Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds powder (MSP) and chemically pretreated M. oleifera Lam. seed powder (PMSP) was investigated in terms of equilibrium and kinetics. Optimum sorption conditions were determined as a function of pH (2–7), adsorbent dosage (0.25–1.0 g/L), initial concentration of microcystin-LR (15–120 mg/L) and contact time (15–360 minutes). The high values of regression constant, 0.98 (MSP) and 0.99 (PMSP), revealed that sorption of microcystin-LR was best fitted by the pseudo second order kinetic model. The equilibrium study was best fitted by the Freundlich model with both the adsorbents. The maximum sorption capacity by MSP and PMSP for microcystin-LR was 85.5 ± 1.1 mg/g and 92.49 ± 2.4 mg/g respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the major involvement of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups for microcystin-LR sequestration either by complexation or ion exchange mechanism. The contribution of the adsorption phenomenon was confirmed by scanning electron microscopic analysis of microcystin-LR loaded and unloaded PMSP. Thus, the HCl-pretreated M. oleifera Lam. seed powder proved to be the pre-eminent biosorbent for removal of microcystin-LR from the wastewater stream.
RAVITA Technology – new innovation for combined phosphorus and nitrogen recovery
Authors: Rossi Laura , Reuna Sini , Fred Tommi , Heinonen Mari 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Present phosphorus (P) recovery technologies mainly contain P recovery from sludge liquor or ash. These types of technologies are suitable for large wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), digestion and/or incineration. In Finland and other Nordic countries, strict P discharge limits require chemical precipitation, thus EBPR alone is not sufficient. Ammonium recovery from wastewater, on the other hand, is not so often discussed. However, recovery from WWTP reject waters would decrease the energy demand of ammonium synthesis by Haber-Bosh technology and the energy demand of the WWTP's biological process. Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY) has developed a new process called RAVITA whereby P and nitrogen recovery are combined in order to produce phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and ammonium phosphate (NH4)3PO4. Furthermore, in this process metal salt used in precipitation is recovered. The research was carried out on pilot (1,000 population equivalent) and laboratory scales. The objectives of this article are to explain the principles of the RAVITA process and give the first results of processing and production of chemical sludge.
Isolation and Characterization of Nuciferoic Acid, a Novel Keto Fatty Acid with Hyaluronidase Inhibitory Activity from Cocos nucifera Linn. Endocarp
Authors: Singla Rajeev K. , Ali Mohammed , Kamal Mohammad A. , Dubey Ashok K. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Inflammation and oxidative stress are very closely related to pathophysiological
processes and linked to multiple chronic diseases. Traditionally, the coconut fruits were used in Guatemala
for treatment of dermatitis and inflammation. Isolation of the anti-inflammatory agent from the
hard shell of the coconut fruit was targeted in the current study.

Methods:
Fractionation of ethanolic extract of the coconut hard shell was done by using column chromatography,
solvent treatments and TLC that led to the isolation of a molecule.

Results and Discussion:
Spectral characterization of the molecule by LC-MS/MS QTOF, FTIR, 1HNMR,
13C-NMR, HMQC and HMBC indicated that it is a novel keto fatty acid, which is named as
nuciferoic acid. Hyaluronidase inhibitory potential of the nuciferoic acid was found to be moderate. It
was further docked in all the ten cavities of hyaluronidase and was compared with the substrate
hyaluronic acid. Cavity 1 and cavity 4 could be the probable sites of action on hyaluronidase for
nuciferoic acid. ADME and toxicological characterization suggested that the key sites of metabolism on
nuciferoic acid are C1, C2, C14 and C17. Toxicity prediction against 55 toxicological endpoints revealed
that nuciferoic acid does not have any indication of existing toxicological features.

Conclusion:
A novel keto fatty acid, nuciferoic acid, from C. nucifera hard shell has been isolated and
characterized. It was found to inhibit hyaluronidase activity, which indicated its potential application as
an anti-inflammatory drug or as an adjuvant.
Bioinformatics Study on Serum Triglyceride Levels for Analysis of a Potential Risk Factor Affecting Blood Pressure Variability
Authors: Xu Lin , Huang Jiangming , Zhang Zhe , Qiu Jian , Guo Yan , Zhao Hui , Cai Zekun , Huang Xiaomin , Fan Yongwang , Xu Yehao , Ma Jun , Wu Wanqing 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to establish whether Triglycerides (TGs) are
related to Blood Pressure (BP) variability and whether controlling TG levels leads to better BP
variability management and prevents Cardiovascular Disease (CVD).

Methods:
In this study, we enrolled 106 hypertensive patients and 80 non-hypertensive patients.
Pearson correlation and partial correlation analyses were used to define the relationships between
TG levels and BP variability in all subjects. Patients with hypertension were divided into two subgroups
according to TG level: Group A (TG<1.7 mmol/L) and Group B (TG>=1.7 mmol/L). The
heterogeneity between the two subgroups was compared using t tests and covariance analysis.

Results:
TG levels and BP variability were significantly different between the hypertensive and
non-hypertensive patients. Two-tailed Pearson correlation tests showed that TG levels are positively
associated with many BP variability measures in all subjects. After reducing other confounding
factors, the partial correlation analysis revealed that TG levels are still related to the Standard Deviation
(SD), Coefficient of Variation (CV) of nighttime systolic blood pressure and CV of
nighttime diastolic blood pressure, respectively (each p<0.05). In the subgroups, group A had a
lower SD of nighttime Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP_night_SD; 11.39±3.80 and 13.39±4.16,
p=0.011), CV of nighttime systolic blood pressure (SBP_night_CV; 0.09±0.03 and 0.11±0.03,
p=0.014) and average real variability of nighttime systolic blood pressure (SBP_night_ARV;
10.99±3.98 and 12.6±3.95, p=0.024) compared with group B, even after adjusting for age and other
lipid indicators.

Conclusion:
TG levels are significantly associated with BP variability and hypertriglyceridemia,
which affects blood pressure variability before causing target organ damage.
MGB Block ARMS Real-Time PCR for Diagnosis of CYP2C19 Mutation in a Chinese Population
Authors: Jiang Xi-Wen , Liu Yue , Huang Tao-Sheng , Zhu Xiao-Ya 
Published: January 2019

Background:CYP2C19 is an important genetic factor modulating clopidogrel dose requirement.Objective:Therefore, a simple and economic genotyping method for predicting the clopidogrel dose of patients would be useful in clinical applications.Methods:In this study, the MGB blocker ARMS real-time PCR contained two forward primers, two MGB blockers and a common reverse primer have been used for CYP2C19*2, *3 and *17 substitutions.Results:Results showed that heterozygotes and homozygotes of CYP2C19*2, *3 and *17 could be distinguished by the MGB blocker ARMS real-time PCR successfully. In the Chinese population, patients with allele frequencies of CYP2C19*2, *3, and *17 are 18.43%, 3.03% and 0.76%, respectively.Conclusion:This study indicates that the MGB blocker ARMS real-time PCR will be a simple, economical method for the rapid detection of SNPs in CYP2C19.
New Frontiers in the Therapeutic Approach of Patients with Cardiovascular and Endocrine Diseases
Authors: Grande Dario , Terlizzese Paola , Gioia Margherita I. , Parisi Giuseppe , Giagulli Vito A. , Triggiani Vincenzo , Iacoviello Massimo 
Published: January 2019

Background and Objective:
Cardiovascular disease is the most important cause of morbidity
and mortality worldwide, with a significant economic burden, which is expected to increase in the next
years. Alongside the management of cardiac manifestations and major risk factors for atherosclerosis,
great attention has been paid to the role of comorbidities in initiating and worsening cardiac conditions.

Discussion:
The cardiovascular impact of a broad spectrum of endocrine disorders has been evaluated,
with particular regard to their effects on cardiac function and cardiovascular prognosis in affected patients.
Among the different endocrine conditions considered, the association between subclinical hypothyroidism
and cardiovascular events is still uncertain. A number of observational studies have linked
subclinical hypothyroidism (in particular severe elevation of TSH levels) with incident cardiovascular
disease and poor prognosis, however thyroid replacement therapy is still controversial, especially in the
elderly, due to the lack of evidence coming from randomized controlled trials. With regards to testosterone
deficiency, even though it has been associated with metabolic abnormalities and poor prognosis
in patients affected by cardiovascular diseases, the cardiac safety of replacement therapy has still to be
completely clarified. Similarly, growth hormone deficiency showed detrimental effects on cardiovascular
events and risk factors which seem to be reverted by replacement therapy, even if unequivocal
evidence from randomized clinical trials is still lacking Another relevant chapter in cardiovascular
disease management is about the cardiovascular outcomes of diabetes medical treatments. In recent
years, a growing interest has been developed around the cardiovascular safety of antidiabetic medications
which has led to a great number of publications addressing this issue for the different classes of
antidiabetic drugs. Interestingly, the recently approved classes, i.e. incretins and SGLT-2 inhibitors,
have additionally demonstrated a protective effect against major cardiovascular events, shedding new
light on the management of diabetes in patients affected by cardiovascular disease.

Conclusion:
Important controversies still exist regarding the cardiac implications of the therapies
adopted in endocrine diseases. Owing the large prevalence of these conditions, particularly in the cardiovascular
population, further research is awaited in order to clarify the potential advantage and the
possible cardiac risk related to treatment of the endocrine comorbidities.
Social Connection and Online Engagement: Insights From Interviews With Users of a Mental Health Online Forum
Authors: Smith-Merry Jennifer , Goggin Gerard , Campbell Andrew , McKenzie Kirsty , Ridout Brad , Baylosis Cherry 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundOver the past 2 decades, online forums for mental health support have emerged as an important tool for improving mental health and well-being. There has been important research that analyzes the content of forum posts, studies on how and why individuals engage with forums, and how extensively forums are used. However, we still lack insights into key questions on how they are experienced from the perspective of their users, especially those in rural and remote settings.ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to investigate the dynamics, benefits, and challenges of a generalized peer-to-peer mental health online forum from a user perspective; in particular, to better explore and understand user perspectives on connection, engagement, and support offered in such forums; information and advice they gained; and what issues they encountered. We studied experiences of the forums from the perspective of both people with lived experience of mental illness and people who care for people with mental illness.MethodsTo understand the experience of forum users, we devised a qualitative study utilizing semistructured interviews with 17 participants (12 women and 5 men). Data were transcribed, and a thematic analysis was undertaken.ResultsThe study identified 3 key themes: participants experienced considerable social and geographical isolation, which the forums helped to address; participants sought out the forums to find a social connection that was lacking in their everyday lives; and participants used the forums to both find and provide information and practical advice.ConclusionsThe study suggests that online peer support provides a critical, ongoing role in providing social connection for people with a lived experience of mental ill-health and their carers, especially for those living in rural and remote areas. Forums may offer a way for individuals to develop their own understanding of recovery through reflecting on the recovery experiences and peer support shown by others and individuals enacting peer support themselves. Key to the success of this online forum was the availability of appropriate moderation, professional support, and advice.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING IN SITU GEL OF CIPROFLOXACIN
Authors: Pashikanti Shailaja , B. Jyothsna 
Published: January 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to develop floating in situ gel formulations of Ciprofloxacin that has a narrow absorption window and mainly absorbed in the proximal areas of GIT. These formulations increases the targeted action on bacteria for a longer time that can be used in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections and urinary tract infections.Methods: In situ gel formulations were prepared by varying concentrations of sodium alginate as in situ gel forming bio-degradable polymer and calcium carbonate as a cross-linking agent. The formulations were evaluated for Physical appearance, pH, in vitro drug release, viscosity, in vitro floating behaviour, in vitro gelling capacity and drug content. FTIR was conducted for Ciprofloxacin, excipients used and optimized formulation.Results: All the formulations showed an optimum viscosity that will allow ease of administration and swallowing. Floating lag time of all formulations was between 32-70 seconds and floated for>12 h. The in vitro gelling capacity increased with increasing the polymer and gelling agent concentrations. Increase in polymer concentration decreased the rate and extent of the drug release. Among all the formulations, F4 containing 4% w/v of sodium alginate and 4% w/v of calcium carbonate showed sustained in vitro drug release (95.6%) over an extended period of 12 h. FTIR studies revealed no interaction between drug and excipients used. Drug release from the formulations followed First order kinetics with Fickian diffusion.Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin was successfully formulated as a pH-triggered floating in situ gelling system using sodium alginate.