bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erythropoietin Treatment Is Associated with Decreased Blood Glucose Levels: A Preliminary Study in Hematologic Patients
Authors: Oster Howard S , Gvili Moran , Katz Odelia , Hoffman Michael , Neumann Drorit , Mittelman Moshe 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract 4793

Introduction:
Erythropoietin (EPO) is the major hormone which enhances proliferation and maturation of the red cell lineage, and its recombinant form (rHuEPO) is used extensively to treat various types of anemia. rHuEPO has also been found to exert effects in other organ systems, and our previous work has demonstrated an immunomodulatory role for EPO. Recently, we have also found that mice exposed to high levels of EPO (either rHuEPO injections or transgenic mice overexpressing human EPO), have significantly lower levels of blood glucose than those of their respective controls (Katz et al., J Endocrinol 2010;205:87-95). The current retrospective study was designed to determine whether rHuEPO treatment in hematologic patients, is associated with decreased blood glucose levels.

Methods:
Patients receiving rHuEPO were examined, comparing glucose levels (morning blood tests, assumed to be fasting) while on rHuEPO treatment to those off treatment. All patients served as their own controls. To test the association between rHuEPO treatment and blood glucose levels, we employed a mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results:
The charts of 19 patients were reviewed to determine the starting date of rHuEPO and the levels of blood glucose in relation to rHuEPO treatment. Mean age: 77 (range: 54–93). Thirteen patients had myelodysplastic syndrome, and six had multiple myeloma. Two patients had diabetes mellitus. Average glucose levels (mean±95%CI) without rHuEPO treatment were 116.07±4.98. Glucose measurements were available for a median of 9.23 (interquartile range: 7.90–16.80) months after the initiation of rHuEPO treatment. The average glucose level over that period of time was 101.77±4.86 (p<0.0001). The two diabetic patients also demonstrated a trend towards reduced serum blood glucose and lower HbA1C while being treated with rHuEPO.

Conclusions:
Treatment of hematologic patients with rHuEPO is associated with significantly lower blood glucose levels, and might serve in the future to improve glucose control in anemic patients with hyperglycemia. Further studies with both diabetic and non-diabetic patients are currently underway to clarify this association.

Disclosures:
No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Adequacy of Vaccine Documentation Against Encapsulated Bacteria in a Population of Children with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Freiberg Andrew S. , Singleton Antea C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract 4853
Immunization status is often used as an indicator of improved quality of health care and access in pediatric populations. The increased life expectancy in the general pediatric population has largely been attributed to the prevention of infectious disease through immunizations, and this fact is even truer for individuals with sickle cell disease. Adherence to recommended vaccination schedules against encapsulated bacteria in patients with sickle-cell anemia has not been well studied in any population. In order to determine documented compliance rates based on the current recommendations of the Department of Health and Human Services Center for Disease Control Immunization Schedules, a retrospective chart review was performed on 117 patients diagnosed with sickle cell anemia (HbSS) followed at the Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital Regional Pediatric Sickle Cell Center, through the year 2009. Since the vaccinations were given by each patient's primary provider(s), we attempted to obtain documentation of immunizations given by these providers, particularly against encapsulated bacteria. For 35 of the 117 patients, we were unable to obtain any forwarded documentation of any vaccinations. The vaccination schedules of the remaining 82 patients were audited for coverage against encapsulated bacteria. Only 16 of the 82 patients (19.5%) with forwarded documents demonstrated complete documented compliance, defined as having complete coverage against H. influenzae, N. meningitides, and S. pneumococcus. Of the remaining forwarded charts, 63 patients (76.8%) demonstrated some form of partial documented compliance, but four patients (4.9%) did not have documentation of vaccinations against any encapsulated bacteria despite documentation of receiving other vaccinations. Full documented compliance as indicated by forwarded records was most noted in children between the ages of 0–11.9 years (14/16 of patients with complete compliance). The proportion of adolescents without any forwarded documentation was larger than the younger age group; however, this difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.36). Of the 82 patients whose primary care physicians forwarded documents, significantly more (14 of 34) adolescents (≥12 years of age) than children aged 0–11.9 years (8 of 48) were missing documentation of more than half of their vaccines (p=.014). These results indicate deficient documentation of vaccination coverage against encapsulated organisms, particularly in the adolescent population. To determine the clinical implications of these results, further studies detailing the demographics, socioeconomic status and correlations of such characteristics to morbidity and mortality should be completed.

Disclosures:
No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Glucocorticoid-Induced Proliferation and Differentiation of Untreated Pediatric AML Cells
Authors: Haarman Eric , Cloos Jacqueline , Zwaan Christian M. , de Haas Valerie , Reinhardt Dirk , Creutzig Ursula , Kaspers Gertjan J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract 4873
The aim of the present study was to contribute to a more rational use of glucocorticoids (GC) in pediatric AML, by studying the relationship between in vitro GC responsiveness of AML cells, cell biological features and prognosis in 116 pediatric AML patients treated with GC-containing protocols (AML-BFM-87/93, DCOG-ANLL 87/93). In vitro GC resistance and GC-induced proliferation were determined by the 4-days MTT assay, GC-induced differentiation by morphology. Resistance to prednisolone (PRD) was expressed as the LC50 value, the concentration lethal to 50% of leukemic cells. Fifteen percent of the AML samples were somewhat sensitive to GCs (LC50<150 ug/ml), with an overrepresentation in that subgroup of FAB type M1 samples. Six out of 14 AML FAB type M1 samples were somewhat sensitive as compared to only 11 out of 101 non-FAB type M1 samples (p=0.002). However, none of the AML samples were highly sensitive to GC (LC50 < 0.1 ug/ml), in contrast to what is commonly observed in ALL cells (Kaspers et al., Blood 1998). Moreover, GC-induced AML cell proliferation was observed in 26% of samples, more frequently in FAB type M5 (p=0.01). Patients whose AML cells proliferated in vitro upon GC exposure had a lower 10-year event-free survival (32 % SE 5.5% versus 49% SE 8.5%, p=0.04). Such a difference was not found for patients with or without spontaneous proliferation. GC-induced differentiation was not observed in vitro. Multivariate analysis including BFM risk-group classification, FLT3 internal tandem duplications (FLT3/ITD) and GC induced proliferation, showed that only FLT3/ITD was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.01). In conclusion, GCs are rarely highly cytotoxic towards AML cells, but do induce proliferation in a significant part of AML samples. That phenomenon is undesirable, and it is associated, though not independently, with a worse treatment outcome. We thus advice to use GC as antileukemic or anti-emetic drug with great reluctance in pediatric AML.

Disclosures:
No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Clinical and Experimental Features of Natural Killer Cell Leukemias in a Chinese Population: A Single Center Experience of 10 Years
Authors: Zhang QiGuo , Ou-Yang Jian , Zhou Rong-Fu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract 4892
Leukemia of natural killer (NK) cell lineage is rare which affects Asian population preferentially. Here 10 Chinese patients with NK cell leukemia were retrospectively evaluated. Among them 7 man and 3 women, the middle age was 47 years (range 22–57 years). Aggressive NK cell leukemias were finally diagnosed in 7 patients, myeloid/NK cell precursor acute leukemias in 2 patients and NK-CLPD in 1 patient. Pronounced extramedullary involvements (breast mass, multiple subcutaneous nodes and eye rectus muscle mass) were the main manifestation in 2 myeloid/NK cell precursor acute leukemias and 1 aggressive NK-cell leukemia. Clonal cytogenetic abnormality (46, XX, 16P-) was only found in 1 myeloid/NK cell precursor acute leukemia patient. Epstein-Barr virus test was performed in 8 patients and 3 were Positive (all were aggressive NK-cell leukemias). The overall survival of 4 cases of aggressive NK-cell leukemias combined with hematophagocytic syndrome were less than 1.3 months. During following up, 8 patients died of disease, 1 NK-CLPD patient and 1 aggressive NK-cell leukemia patient treated by allo-BMT were still alive. The former NK-CLPD, who was in indolent course, survived 60+ months. The later patient was first diagnosed as NK-CLPD but with lymphoadenopathy and splenomegaly, the metabolic activity of spleen by F-18 FDG uptake was in normal range, lymph node pathology showed reactive change and PB EBV-DNA copy was negative, later hematophagocytic syndrome occurred and EBV-DNA copy became positive. The lymph node pathology were reexamined by FISH method and scattered EBV positive cells were found, so the exact diagnosis from beginning should be occult aggressive NK cell leukemia, soon matched sibling donor BMT was performed and the patient got complete remission and the EBV-DNA copy became negative and lived well for 10+ months. Natural killer cell neoplasms are rare and most in aggressive clinical course, novel therapeutic regimens including allogeneic bone marrow transplantation should be investigated to improve outcome of this disease.

Disclosures:
No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria with Positive Treponema Immobilization Test. Report of Case
Authors: MILIé N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria is described without a familial or personal history of syphilis. The patient, a 34 year old woman, shows no clinical evidence of syphilis. Numerous serologic tests for syphilis including treponemal immobilization are consistently positive. Despite therapy with penicillin and cortisone the hemolytic disease remains unchanged.
Siderocytes and the Spleen
Authors: CROSBY WILLIAM H. , BENJAMIN NAOMI R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Blood containing high concentrations of siderocytes was transfused into four recipients with spleens and into two who lacked a spleen. In the circulation of recipients with spleens the siderin granules rapidly disappeared while the transfused red cells remained. In the recipients who had no spleen both the granules and the red cells remained.
2. It is concluded that the spleen is somehow able to bring about the removal of siderin inclusion bodies without destroying the red cells that contain them.
Further Observations on the Effect of Cortisone and Thyroxin on the Blood Picture of Hypophysectomized Rats
Authors: MEINEKE HOWARD A. , CRAFTS ROGER C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the article "Further Observations on the Effect of Cortisone and Thyroxin on the Blood Picture of Hypophysectomized Rats" by Howared A. Meineke and Roger C. Crafts, appearing in the January 1957 issue of BLOOD, the amount 5 ml. (page 12, line 17) should read 0.5 ml.
The Life Span of the Red Blood Cell and the Red Blood Cell Volume in the Chicken, Pigeon and Duck as Estimated by the Use of Na2Cr51O4
Authors: RODNAN GERALD P. , EBAUGH FRANKLIN G. , FOX M. R. SPIVEY , CHAMBERS DORIS M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Eight to 25 per cent of intravenously injected Na2Cr51O4 binds firmly with erythrocytes of the chicken, pigeon and duck. Calculation of the maximum life span of these avian red cells was made from the disappearance time of circulating radioactivity. The maximum life span of the chicken erythrocyte was found to be 35 days, of the pigeon erythrocyte 35-45 days, and the duck erythrocyte 42 days. Comparing the life span of avian erythrocytes with those of other animal species, the rate of red cell turnover in the mammals, birds, and reptile (turtle) was found to correlate directly with basal heat production per kilogram body weight.
Using erythrocytes tagged with Na2Cr51O4 in vitro, the total red blood cell volume was found to be 17-24 ml. per Kg. body weight in the rooster, 9-12 ml. per Kg. in the hen, 25-31 ml. per Kg. in the duck, and 31-34 ml. per Kg. in the pigeon. These values proved somewhat lower than those obtained from the indirect estimates of red cell volume, using plasma volume figures and periphera blood hematocrit.
Pernicious Anemia without Gastric Atrophy and in the Presence of Free Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: HARRIS-JONES J. N. , SWAN H. T. , TUDHOPE G. R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case is described of Addisonian pernicious anemia in a girl aged 16 years, associated with a normal gastric mucosa and free hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Partial, but significant deficiency of intrinsic factor activity was demonstrated in her gastric juice by the use of Co56-labeled vitamin B12.
The Effect of Psychological Stress Procedures on the Prothrombin Time of Rats
Authors: MOGENSON G. J. , JAQUES L. B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Forced jumping in the Lashley jumping apparatus, maintenance in cages with an electrified water source, transportation, sound-induced seizures, and electroconvulsive treatment were used in studying the effects of psychological stress on the prothrombin time of the albino rat. An increased prothrombin time occurred at certain times following forced jumping, sound-induced seizures, and electroshock. Frequently the altered coagulability was reflected in a greater heterogeneity of variance due to some animals having a longer prothrombin time and others shorter. The changes in the prothrombin time following stress were more pronounced when the prothrombopenic drug, Dicumarol, was administered. This was evident from two indices, prothrombin time and mortality.
An Abnormal Hemolytic System Associated with Leukemia and Other Disseminated Malignant Diseases
Authors: CROSBY WILLIAM H. , BENJAMIN NAOMI R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. In the blood of some people with leukemia and other disseminated neoplastic diseases it is possible to demonstrate an abnormal hemolytic mechanism by incubating sterile blood in vitro at 37 C. for 24 hours. There is a latent period of 6 to 8 hours before hemolysis begins. Hemolysis can be inhibited by an excess of glucose or by low pH and also by removal of calcium. The heat stability of the system indicates that the plasmal abnormality is not enzymatic.
2. It is suggested that hemolysis is due to a reaction between ionic calcium and some component of the erythrocyte. The nature of the plasma abnormality that permits the reaction is not known.
3. The significance of this phenomenon in the pathogenesis of anemia in neoplastic disease has not been established.
Association of A313g Glutathione S-Transferase P1 (GSTP1) Inborn Polymorphism with Susceptibility to De Novo MDS
Authors: Zachaki Sophia , Stavropoulou Chryssa , Daraki Aggeliki , Kalomoiraki Marina , Kollia Panagoula , Aleporou Vassiliki , Pantelias Gabriel , Kanavakis Emmanuel , Sambani Constantina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract 1445
Models for the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) imply the role of individual genetic variations in genes involved in detoxification mechanisms. GSTP1 enzyme plays a key role in detoxification of a variety of electrophilic compounds, such as benzo [a]-pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chemotherapy drugs and products of oxidative stress. GSTP1 acts through a common mechanism of conjugating reactive oxygen species (ROS) with glutathione, enabling their detoxification and elimination and thus defending tissues against DNA damage. The corresponding gene is subject to a single-nucleotide polymorphism (A313G) leading to abolished enzyme activity. Thus, individuals homozygous for the variant G allele (G/G) have a lower conjugating activity than individuals homozygous for the wild type A allele (A/A), while heterozygotes (A/G) display intermediate activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the GSTP1 polymorphism influences susceptibility to MDS and/or promote specific chromosomal aberrations.
We conducted a case-control study in 310 de novo MDS patients and 370 unrelated healthy controls using both a conventional PCR-RFLP assay and a novel Real-Time PCR genotyping method using hybridization probe technology. The GSTP1 gene status was also evaluated in relation to patients' characteristics and chromosomal abnormalities.
Comparison of the genotype distribution between controls and MDS cases revealed a significantly higher frequency of the variant genotypes (heterozygotes A/A and homozygotes G/G) among MDS patients, as compared to controls (p<0.0001, χ2=31.167, df=2). The most marked statistical difference between MDS patients and controls was observed between the wild-type (A/A) and the homozygous variant genotype (G/G), since subjects carrying the G/G variant genotype showed a 4.1-fold increased risk of MDS prevalence than subjects carrying the wild-type A/A genotype (p=0.000, χ2=30.5, d.f.=1, OR=4.098, 95%CI=[2.433–6.897]). Allele frequencies distribution analysis between patients and controls, showed that MDS patients exhibited a 1.9-fold increased risk of carrying at least one variant G allele, as compared to the controls (p<0.0001, d.f.=1, OR =1.9, 95%CI=[1.48–2.34]). There was no association between the GSTP1 polymorphism and gender or any specific cytogenetic subgroup, while stratification of patients according to age showed a differential GSTP1 genotype distribution (p=0.007). Our results, derived from the larger series of primary MDS cases tested for the GSTP1 genetic background, reveal an increased incidence of the GSTP1 variant genotypes among MDS patients, providing evidence for a potential pathogenetic role of the GSTP1 polymorphism on de novo MDS risk.

Disclosures:
No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Strong Cell Surface Expression of the Toll-Like Receptor Homolog CD180 Identifies Circulating Cells of Marginal Zone Lymphoma From Other B-Cell Malignancies
Authors: Miguet Laurent , Baseggio Lucile , Lennon Sarah , Felman Pascale , Fornecker Luc , Galoisy Anne-Cecile , Mayeur-Rousse Caroline , Herbrecht Raoul , Eischen Alice , Cianferani Sarah , Mauvieux Laurent 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract 1542
Despite typical features described for marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), the distinction of MZL from other small mature B-cell leukemias/lymphomas (in particular atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) or lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) may be still difficult due to the lack of immunological positive markers of MZL and before complementary analysis (histology, karyotype). In order to find new markers, we conducted proteomic analyses on plasma membrane microparticles derived from malignant cells and identified the Toll-like receptor homolog CD180 protein as a candidate marker of MZL. This protein, also called RP105, is a leucin-rich repeat type 1 membrane protein with high extra-cellular homology to the LPS receptor. The relevance of this marker was evaluated in peripheral blood B-cells from 25 normal controls and 91 patients (MZL, n=30; CLL, n=30; MCL, n=16 and LPL, n=15) by flow cytometry.
As already described by Porakishvili et al, normal B-cells displayed higher CD180 expression than CLL B-cells (MFI=5940+/− 1708 and MFI=150 +/− 794.4, respectively p<0.001, Mann-Whitney test). We observed also a low CD180 expression in MCL (1292 +/− 1084, p<0.001) and LPL (1443+/− 905.5, p<0.001), not different from CLL and significantly lower than control B-cells (see figure). On the contrary, staining of MZL was not different from controls (7856 +/− 1030, p>0.05), but significantly higher than CLL, MCL and LPL. In addition, among the lymphomas derived from MZ B-cell, CD180 expression was statistically higher in splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma (SDRPL) than MZL. Intra-cellular staining of CD180 showed a significant positivity in tumoral B-cell tested (CLL, MCL, MZL), suggesting that the protein is produced but its expression at the cell surface is impaired. The reasons of this alteration are not known. Furthermore, cross-linking of this receptor induced a stronger increase of CD86 expression at the cell surface in MZL than in control B-cells and in CLL B-cells, suggesting an activated NF-kB pathway.
These results strongly suggest that CD180 may be the first positive immunological marker for MZL, able to distinguish MZL from CLL, MCL, LPL in blood samples. Large prospective studies are needed to precise its diagnosis impact and its expression in the different subtypes of MZL.
Figure: CD180 expression of normal and malignant B-cells. The box plot represents the median of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), 25/75 percentiles and extreme values. Figure:. CD180 expression of normal and malignant B-cells. The box plot represents the median of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), 25/75 percentiles and extreme values.

Disclosures:
No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.