bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Human Milk and Parenteral Lipid Emulsions on Serum Fatty Acid Profiles in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Nilsson Anders K. , Löfqvist Chatarina , Najm Svetlana , Hellgren Gunnel , Sävman Karin , Andersson Mats X. , Smith Lois E. H. , Hellström Ann 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundInfants born prematurely are at risk of a deficiency in ω‐6 and ω‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFAs) arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We investigated how fatty acids from breast milk and parenteral lipid emulsions shape serum LC‐PUFA profiles in extremely preterm infants during early perinatal life.MethodsNinety infants born < 28 weeks gestational age were randomized to receive parenteral lipids with or without the ω‐3 LC‐PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA (SMOFlipid: Fresenius Kabi, Uppsala, Sweden, or Clinoleic: Baxter Medical AB, Kista, Sweden, respectively). The fatty acid composition of infant serum phospholipids was determined from birth to postmenstrual age 40 weeks, and in mother's milk total lipids on postnatal day 7. Enteral and parenteral intake of LC‐PUFAs was correlated with levels in infant serum.ResultsInfants administered parenteral ω‐3 LC‐PUFAs received 4.4 and 19.3 times more DHA and EPA, respectively, over the first 2 weeks of life. Parenteral EPA but not DHA correlated with levels in infant serum. We found linear relationships between dietary EPA and DHA and infant serum levels in the Clinoleic (Baxter Medical AB) group. The volume of administered SMOFlipid (Fresenius Kabi) was inversely correlated with serum AA, whereas Clinoleic (Baxter Medical AB) inversely correlated with serum EPA and DHA.ConclusionsThere appears to be no or low correlation between the amount of DHA administered parenterally and levels measured in serum. Whether this observation reflects serum phospholipid fraction only or truly represents the amount of accreted DHA needs to be investigated. None of the parenteral lipid emulsions satisfactorily maintained high levels of both ω‐6 and ω‐3 LC‐PUFAs in infant serum.
Comparative study of semiconductor TiO2and noble metal Ag substrates: The differences between chemical enhancement and electromagnetic enhancement in SERS
Authors: Jiang Xin , Chen Yongliang , Du Juan , Li Xiuling , Shen Yu , Yang Ming , Han Xiaoxia , Yang Libin , Zhao Bing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe differences between electromagnetic enhancement and chemical enhancement in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and their deep insight are very important and valuable for the explanation of spectral behaviors and the practical application of SERS technique. In this work, the typical semiconductor substrate TiO2nanoparticles and noble‐metal substrate Ag colloid were selected as two representative SERS‐active substrates to investigate the differences between the electromagnetic (EM) mechanism and the charge‐transfer (CT) mechanism using 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid as probe molecule. The 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid molecules on two substrates exhibit the obvious differences in spectral behavior and signal intensity of SERS as well as the detectability, which can be attributed to the essential differences between the EM mechanism and the CT mechanism. The EM enhancement more depends on the behavior of the substrate, which more tends to be nonselective for the adsorbed molecules and their enhancement. The CT enhancement not only depends on the behavior of the substrate but also depends on the behavior of the adsorbed molecule due to the CT between substrate and molecule, which more tends to be selective for the adsorbed molecules and their enhancement. Moreover, it is also proved that the semiconductor (TiO2) SERS‐active substrate is characterized by the high stability and the recyclability.
Surface erosion and underground leakage of yellow soil on slopes in karst regions of southwest China
Authors: Dai Quanhou , Peng Xudong , Wang Peijiang , Li Changlan , Shao Hongbo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSurface erosion and underground leakage loss simultaneously exist on slopes with a double‐layered structure (surface and underground) and have caused rocky desertification in karst regions. Because of the great difficulty of directly determining the underground leakage loss of soil and water, soil erosion processes in this region remain unclear, especially underground leakage loss. The aim of this study was to reveal the plot‐scale characteristics of surface soil erosion and underground leakage loss of yellow soils on karst slopes. Simulated rainfall tests and field runoff plot monitoring were conducted to achieve this aim. We found that surface erosion formed on steep slopes (30°) or at greater rainfall intensities (over 50 mm hr−1) and that surface runoff and surface soil loss dominated the total runoff and soil loss on karst slopes at greater rainfall intensities. However, underground leakage loss always occurred at different slopes and rainfall intensities. For small rainfall intensity cases (lower than 80 mm hr−1), underground runoff and underground soil leakage loss dominated the total runoff and soil loss and showed an underground runoff ratio of over 90% and an underground soil leakage ratio of over 44%. Rainfall intensity had significant effects on surface runoff depth and surface soil loss rates but an insignificant influence on underground leakage loss. Slope gradient and slope length influenced the runoff yield, and slope degree had a greater effect on the surface soil loss than had slope length. This study improves our understanding of surface erosion and underground leakage loss in karst rocky desertification regions.
Composite PLA/PEG/nHA/Dexamethasone Scaffold Prepared by 3D Printing for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Li Xiaoyuan , Wang Yu , Wang Zigui , Qi Yanxin , Li Linlong , Zhang Peibiao , Chen Xuesi , Huang Yubin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract3D printing has become an essential part of bone tissue engineering and attracts great attention for the fabrication of bioactive scaffolds. Combining this rapid manufacturing technique with chemical precipitation, biodegradable 3D scaffold composed of polymer matrix (polylactic acid and polyethylene glycol), ceramics (nano hydroxyapatite), and drugs (dexamethasone (Dex)) is prepared. Results of water contact angle, differential scanning calorimeter, and mechanical tests confirm that incorporation of Dex leads to significantly improved wettability, higher crystallinity degree, and tunable degradation rates. In vitro experiment with mouse MC3T3‐E1 cells implies that Dex released from scaffolds is not beneficial for early cell proliferation, but it improves late alkaline phosphatase secretion and mineralization significantly. Anti‐inflammation assay of murine RAW 264.7 cells proves that Dex released from all the scaffolds successfully suppresses lipopolysaccharide induced interleukin‐6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase secretion by M1 macrophages. Further in vivo experiment on rat calvarial defects indicates that scaffolds containing Dex promote osteoinduction and osteogenic response and would be promising candidates for clinical applications.
Metamaterial‐based compact UWB planar monopole antennas
Authors: Rajasekhar N. V. , Kumar D. Sriram 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this article, novel compact UWB antennas based on loading of via less composite right/left‐handed (CRLH) unit cells are presented. Two novel metamaterials (MTM)‐based CRLH‐TL unit cells have been designed. The dispersion characteristics of the proposed unit cells are numerically calculated which follows CRLH properties. We designed a via‐free version of the CRLH unit cell by using virtual ground concept which simplifies the fabrication process and decreases the costs. The additional impedance matching network has been eliminated by using the optimum location of feed offset. The resulting double via less CRLH unit cells loaded antenna's bandwidths are improved by proper realizing the unit cell parameters and merging of ZOR mode to other lower and higher order modes. The proposed antennas have compact dimension 25 × 15 × 1.6 mm3. The two proposed antennas have UWB characteristics such as 109% and 125% fractional bandwidth, respectively. The measured gain and efficiency have been obtained with desired values for UWB applications. Good agreement has been observed between simulated and measured results.
Architecture of a unified split P‐shaped swarming metamaterial for thermal mutation
Authors: Alam Jubaer M. , Faruque Mohammad R. I. , Hossain Mohammad J. , Islam Mohammad T. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe article imparts the architecture of a compact and combined split P‐shaped metamaterial unit cell that is felicitous for dual band of microwave frequency and it shows negative permeability and permittivity at those frequencies. Two split P‐shaped resonators are connected to each other by a metal ink to increase the electrical length and two modified split‐ring resonators (SRR) reside inside each of it. The 10 × 10 mm2 structure has been printed on FR‐4 and a correlation is made between the basic unit cell and array structures. An analogy was contrived on the performance after the analysis of unit cell and array structures to validate the performance of the proposed metamaterial. A great transmission coefficient having a band of 13 GHz with a 500 MHz band gap at the middle is demonstrated for all of these configurations. The effective parameters of the resonators cover C, X, and Ku‐band independently with double negative phenomena at X and Ku‐band with a frequency range of about 1.31 GHz. Having an auspicious design and wide range double negative characteristics, this structure can be applicable to convert radiation into usable form.
A K‐/Ka‐band concurrent dual‐band low‐noise amplifier employing a feedback notch technique with simultaneous passband gain and stopband rejection control
Authors: Lee Jaeyoung , Nguyen Cam 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA K‐/Ka‐band concurrent dual‐band low‐noise amplifier (LNA) employing an inductor feedback dual‐band load is presented. The dual‐band LNA can control the passband gain and stopband rejection performances to overcome the gain and notch performance degradation from process variations by adjusting the bias level of the second‐stage's inverting amplifier. The concurrent dual‐band LNA achieves peak gains of 21.3/23.2 dB at 21.5/36.5 GHz, respectively, and best noise figures of 2.6/2.5 dB at the low/high passbands, respectively. The dual‐band LNA exhibits the best noise figure and gain‐balance performances as compared to those operating at similar frequencies.
Compact power splitter with harmonic suppression based on inductively loaded slow‐wave transmission lines
Authors: Selga J. , Coromina J. , Vélez P. , Fernández‐Prieto A. , Martinez‐Ros A. J. , Bonache J. , Aznar‐Ballesta F. , Martín F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA compact microstrip power splitter based on a pair of 70.71 Ω impedance inverters implemented by means of inductively loaded slow‐wave transmission lines is designed and fabricated. As a result of the slow‐wave effect, associated to the presence of series‐connected semi‐lumped (meandered) inductors, the length of the constitutive inverters is 41% reduced. Moreover, because of periodicity (Bragg effect), such inverters exhibit a stop band functionality useful harmonic suppression. It is demonstrated that the number of unit cells of the inverters that are necessary to achieve efficient harmonic suppression simultaneously keeping unaltered the splitter response in the region of interest should be N = 2. The proposed power splitter is compact, neither vias nor defected ground structures are used in its design, and it exhibits efficient suppression up to at least the 2nd harmonic (at 5f0, where f0 is the design frequency).
Beam and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on parasitics
Authors: Allayioti Marion , Kelly James R. , Mittra Raj 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a dual‐notch polarization and beam reconfigurable microstrip antenna. It uses parasitics which incorporate switches to steer its beam away from boresight and dual notches which, again, incorporate switches to reconfigure between linear and circular polarization. The antenna is a low profile microstrip patch antenna which only uses a single feed, allowing it to be compact and simple in terms of its structure.
A comprehensive experimental study of whispering gallery modes in a cylindrical microresonator excited by a tilted fiber taper
Authors: Kavungal Vishnu , Farrell Gerald , Wu Qiang , Mallik Arun Kumar , Semenova Yuliya 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhispering gallery modes (WGMs) excitation in a cylindrical microresonator formed by a section of silica optical fiber has been studied. Evanescent light coupling into the microresonator is realized using a tapered optical fiber, fabricated by a microheater brushing technique. Several types of silica fibers with different diameters are studied as microresonators, and the influence of the resonator's diameter on the excitation of WGMs is investigated. The excitation of WGMs in a cylindrical fiber resonator were studied with changes to the tilt angle between the microcylinder and the fiber taper in the range of angles from a perpendicular position (0°) to large tilt angles (24°). The evolution of the fiber taper transmission spectrum with the change of the tilt angle results in changes in the intensity, broadening of and a blue shift in the WGM resonance spectra. Overall losses in the taper transmission spectrum decrease with the increase of the taper tilt angle from its perpendicular position, followed by a complete disappearance of the WGM resonances at large tilt angles greater than 20°.
A Ka‐band antenna based on an enhanced Franklin model for 5G cellular networks
Authors: Jilani Syeda Fizzah , Abbasi Qammer Hussain , Khan Zia Ullah , Loh Tian‐Hong , Alomainy Akram 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article presents a millimeter‐wave antenna to cover 28‐ and 38‐GHz bands recommended by Federal Communications Commission for the 5G cellular networks. The conventional narrowband Franklin antenna is modified geometrically to transform into a multiband antenna provided with a linear array arrangement to fit multiple patches in a compact assembly to achieve smaller form factor and improved gain profile. The suggested structural modifications are deployed to diversify the fundamental theory of Franklin antennas to generate wideband and multiple resonances. The measured results show an impedance bandwidth of 28–39 GHz covered by the three resonances. The realized gain is above 7 dBi in the complete range of operation, while the peak gain is 10.23 dBi at 36 GHz. The proposed antenna signifies its high potential to fulfill demands of 5G wireless systems.
A dual‐polarized biconical antenna for direction finding applications from 2 to 18 GHz
Authors: Manoochehri Omid , Darvazehban Amin , Salari Mohammad Ali , Khaledian Seiran , Erricolo Danilo , Smida Besma 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn ultra‐wideband dual‐polarized structure based on a biconical antenna for direction finding application from 2 to 18 GHz is proposed. In addition to direction finding, the proposed structure may be used for broadband communications and radar systems. The structure consists of a biconical antenna that is surrounded by 5 layers of polarizers, which create slant polarization to receive both vertically and horizontally polarized signals. The VSWR is below 2.5 in the operational bandwidth. The whole structure has been simulated using CST software, fabricated, and measured. A good agreement between measurements and simulated results is observed.
A high gain broadband transmitarray antenna using dual‐resonant E‐shaped element
Authors: Luo Jun , Yang Fan , Xu Shenheng , Li Maokun , Gu Shengming 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA high‐gain and broadband linear‐polarized transmitarray antenna is proposed in this paper, and its element is composed of 4 identical layers of E‐shaped patches separated by quarter‐wavelength air gaps. To cover the required phase range, the dual‐resonant E‐shaped element is developed; realizing broadband transmission, low cross‐polarization level, and stable oblique‐incident response. A transmitarray prototype using the 4‐layer E‐shaped element is designed, fabricated, and tested. The proposed transmitarray has a broad 1‐dB gain bandwidth of 15%, a high gain of 33.0 dBi, an aperture efficiency of 40%.
A novel dual‐band filtering power divider using SIR and MDS
Authors: Xing Yue Shuang , Wang Xin Huai , Fang Ling , Kang Le , Shi Xiao Wei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA novel dual‐band filtering power divider using stepped impedance resonator (SIR) and microstrip defect structure (MDS) is proposed in this paper. The power divider mainly consists of the SIRs, MDS, and couple lines instead of the quarter wavelength transmission lines. The SIR, which comprises two pairs of high and low impedance lines, can provide great flexibility for realizing dual‐band performance. The MDS, which has the bandstop characteristic, is applied to effectively suppress the harmonic of the dual‐band filtering power divider. Exact equations and design procedures are given based on strict theoretical analysis. As verification, a dual‐band filtering power divider with two passbands centred at 2.5 and 6.0 GHz is fabricated and measured. The experimental results show good performance and validate the design concept.
Ionizing radiation‐induced acoustics for radiotherapy and diagnostic radiology applications
Authors: Hickling Susannah , Xiang Liangzhong , Jones Kevin C. , Parodi Katia , Assmann Walter , Avery Stephen , Hobson Maritza , El Naqa Issam 
Published: April 2018

Acoustic waves are induced via the thermoacoustic effect in objects exposed to a pulsed beam of ionizing radiation. This phenomenon has interesting potential applications in both radiotherapy dosimetry and treatment guidance as well as low‐dose radiological imaging. After initial work in the field in the 1980s and early 1990s, little research was done until 2013 when interest was rejuvenated, spurred on by technological advances in ultrasound transducers and the increasing complexity of radiotherapy delivery systems. Since then, many studies have been conducted and published applying ionizing radiation‐induced acoustic principles into three primary research areas: Linear accelerator photon beam dosimetry, proton therapy range verification, and radiological imaging. This review article introduces the theoretical background behind ionizing radiation‐induced acoustic waves, summarizes recent advances in the field, and provides an outlook on how the detection of ionizing radiation‐induced acoustic waves can be used for relative and in vivo dosimetry in photon therapy, localization of the Bragg peak in proton therapy, and as a low‐dose medical imaging modality. Future prospects and challenges for the clinical implementation of these techniques are discussed.
7T ultra‐high field body MR imaging with an 8‐channel transmit/32‐channel receive radiofrequency coil array
Authors: Rietsch Stefan H. G. , Orzada Stephan , Maderwald Stefan , Brunheim Sascha , Philips Bart W. J. , Scheenen Tom W. J. , Ladd Mark E. , Quick Harald H. 
Published: April 2018

PurposeIn this work, a combined body coil array with eight transmit/receive (Tx/Rx) meander elements and with 24 receive‐only (Rx) loops (8Tx/32Rx) was developed and evaluated in comparison with an 8‐channel transmit/receive body array (8Tx/Rx) based on meander elements serving as the reference standard.MethodsSystematic evaluation of the RF array was performed on a body‐sized phantom. Body imaging at 7T was performed in six volunteers in the body regions pelvis, abdomen, and heart. Coil characteristics such as signal‐to‐noise ratio, acceleration capability, g‐factors, S‐parameters, noise correlation, and B1+ maps were assessed. Safety was ensured by numerical simulations using a coil model validated by dosimetric field measurements.ResultsMeander elements and loops are intrinsically well decoupled with a maximum coupling value of −20.5 dB. Safe use of the 8Tx/32Rx array could be demonstrated. High gain in signal‐to‐noise ratio (33% in the subject's center) could be shown for the 8Tx/32Rx array compared to the 8Tx/Rx array. Improvement in acceleration capability in all investigations could be demonstrated. For example, the 8Tx/32Rx array provides lower g‐factors in the right–left and anterior–posterior directions with R = 3 undersampling as compared to the 8Tx/Rx array using R = 2. Both arrays are very similar regarding their RF transmit performance. Excellent image quality in the investigated body regions could be achieved with the 8Tx/32Rx array.ConclusionIn this work, we show that a combination of eight meander elements and 24 loop receive elements is possible without impeding transmit performance. Improved SNR and g‐factor performance compared to an RF array without these loops is demonstrated. Body MRI at 7T with the 8Tx/32Rx array could be accomplished in the heart, abdomen, and pelvis with excellent image quality.
Clinical characteristics of long‐term survival with noninvasive ventilation and factors affecting the transition to invasive ventilation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Hirose Takahiko , Kimura Fumiharu , Tani Hiroki , Ota Shin , Tsukahara Akihiro , Sano Eri , Shigekiyo Taro , Nakamura Yoshitsugu , Kakiuchi Kensuke , Motoki Mikiko , Unoda Kiichi , Ishida Simon , Nakajima Hideto , Arawaka Shigeki 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We evaluated post–noninvasive ventilation survival and factors for the transition to tracheostomy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: We analyzed 197 patients using a prospectively collected database with 114 patients since 2000. Results: Among 114 patients, 59 patients underwent noninvasive ventilation (NIV), which prolonged the total median survival time to 43 months compared with 32 months without treatment. The best post‐NIV survival was associated with a lack of bulbar symptoms, higher measured pulmonary function, and a slower rate of progression at diagnosis. The transition rate from NIV to tracheostomy gradually decreased over the years. Patients using NIV for more than 6 months were more likely to refuse tracheostomy and to be women. Discussion: This study confirmed a positive survival effect with NIV, which was less effective in patients with bulbar dysfunction. Additional studies are required to determine the best timing for using NIV with ALS in patients with bulbar dysfunction. Muscle Nerve 58:770–776 2018