bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of prefrontal cortex dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in the mechanism of action of venlafaxine and deep brain stimulation in animal models of treatment-responsive and treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Papp Mariusz , Gruca Piotr , Lason Magdalena , Niemczyk Monika , Willner Paul 
Published: February 2019

Aims: The Wistar-Kyoto rat has been validated as an animal model of treatment-resistant depression. Here we investigated a role of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex in the mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation in Wistar-Kyoto rats and venlafaxine in Wistar rats. Methods: Wistar or Wistar-Kyoto rats were exposed chronically to chronic mild stress. Wistar rats were treated chronically with venlafaxine (10 mg/kg) beginning after two weeks of chronic mild stress; Wistar-Kyoto rats received two sessions of deep brain stimulation before behavioural tests. L-742,626 (1 µg), a D2 receptor agonist, or 7-OH DPAT (3 µg), a D3 receptor antagonist, were infused into the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex immediately following the exposure trial in the Novel Object Recognition Test, and discrimination between novel and familiar object was tested one hour later. Results: Chronic mild stress decreased sucrose intake and impaired memory consolidation; these effects were reversed by venlafaxine in Wistar rats and deep brain stimulation in Wistar-Kyoto rats. In control animals, L-742,626 and 7-OH DPAT also impaired memory consolidation. In Wistar rats, venlafaxine reversed the effect of L-742,626 in controls, but not in the chronic mild stress group, and venlafaxine did not reverse the effect of 7-OH DPAT in either group. In Wistar-Kyoto rats, deep brain stimulation reversed the effect of both L-742,626 and 7-OH DPAT in both control and chronic mild stress groups. Conclusions: We conclude that the action of venlafaxine to reverse the impairment of memory consolidation caused by chronic mild stress in Wistar rats involves D2 receptors in the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex; but the effect of deep brain stimulation to reverse the same effect in Wistar-Kyoto rats does not.
Polymorphisms in CYP1A2, CYP2C9 and ABCB1 affect agomelatine pharmacokinetics
Authors: Saiz-Rodríguez Miriam , Ochoa Dolores , Belmonte Carmen , Román Manuel , Vieira de Lara Danilo , Zubiaur Pablo , Koller Dora , Mejía Gina , Abad-Santos Francisco 
Published: February 2019

Background: Agomelatine is an agonist of the melatoninergic receptors used for the treatment of depression. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of genetic polymorphisms in metabolising enzymes and the P-glycoprotein transporter on agomelatine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Methods: Twenty-eight healthy volunteers receiving a single 25 mg oral dose of agomelatine, were genotyped for nine polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 enzymes ( CYP1A2, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19) and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 ( ABCB1), by real-time polymerase chain reaction . Agomelatine concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometry detector. Results: We calculated a CYP1A2 activity score that was directly correlated with agomelatine pharmacokinetics. Individuals with a decreased enzyme activity (*1C carriers) had a lower clearance and accumulated higher concentrations of agomelatine. In contrast, individuals with a high CYP1A2 inducibility (*1F or *1B carriers) showed an extensive clearance and lower agomelatine concentrations. The apparently marked differences between races were due to the different CYP1A2 genotype distribution. CYP2C9 intermediate/poor metabolisers showed a higher area under the concentration-time curve and maximum concentration. ABCB1 G2677T/A polymorphism affected the time to reach maximum concentration, as subjects carrying A/A+A/T genotypes showed higher values. No association was found for CYP2C19 phenotype. Agomelatine did not produce any change in blood pressure, heart rate or QT interval. Conclusions: CYP1A2 polymorphisms affect agomelatine pharmacokinetics. CYP1A2 phenotype inferred from the genotyping of CYP1A2*1C, *1F and *1B alleles might be a potential predictor of agomelatine exposure. ABCB1 G2677T/A could affect agomelatine absorption, as subjects with A/A+A/T genotypes had lower agomelatine concentration and they take more time to reach the maximum concentration.
Phase 2 study of clarithromycin, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Mark Tomer M. , Forsberg Peter A. , Rossi Adriana C. , Pearse Roger N. , Pekle Karen A. , Perry Arthur , Boyer Angelique , Tegnestam Linda , Jayabalan David , Coleman Morton , Niesvizky Ruben 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The addition of clarithromycin enhances the efficacy of lenalidomide plus dexamethasone in treatment-naive multiple myeloma (MM). We conducted a phase 2 trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of clarithromycin, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone (ClaPd) in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) with prior lenalidomide exposure. One hundred twenty patients with a median of 5 prior lines of therapy received clarithromycin 500 mg orally twice daily, pomalidomide 4 mg orally on days 1 to 21, and dexamethasone 40 mg orally on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of a 28-day cycle. The overall response rate (ORR) was 60% with 23% achieving at least a very good partial response. There was no statistical difference in response rates for patients who were refractory to lenalidomide (ORR, 58%), bortezomib (ORR, 55%), or both lenalidomide and bortezomib (ORR, 54%). Median progression-free survival (PFS) for the cohort was 7.7 months and median overall survival (OS) was 19.2 months. A history of dual-refractoriness to lenalidomide and bortezomib did not significantly impact either PFS or OS. The most common toxicities were neutropenia (83%), lymphopenia (74%), and thrombocytopenia (71%). The most common grade ≥3 toxicities included neutropenia (58%), thrombocytopenia (31%), and anemia (28%). ClaPd is an effective combination in RRMM with response and survival outcomes that are independent of lenalidomide- or bortezomib-refractory status. Toxicities are manageable with low rates of nonhematologic or high-grade events. ClaPd is a convenient, all-oral option in RRMM with comparable efficacy to other highly active, 3-drug, pomalidomide-based combinations. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01159574.
Does device matter for inhaled therapies in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? A comparative trial of two devices
Authors: Mannan Haider , Foo Soo Wei , Cochrane Belinda 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Objective
COPD patients have challenges for effective use of inhalers due to advanced age, fixed airflow obstruction and comorbid medical conditions. Published clinical trials investigate drug efficacy but rarely consider the inhaler device. This trial investigates device efficacy, comparing clinical outcomes for the same medication via two different devices. Our intention was to communicate the results and to critically appraise the study protocol to inform planning of future device comparison research. Subjects with spirometry confirming at least moderate COPD were randomly assigned to inhaler sequence; starting with Accuhaler or metered dose inhaler and spacer (MDI/s). After baseline testing, subjects were assigned to fluticasone propionate/salmeterol xinafoate (SFC) 500/50 mcg twice daily via the first device for 6 weeks’ duration, then changed to the alternate device for the following 6 weeks. Subjects were reassessed in terms of health-related quality of life (HRQL), exercise endurance and lung function after each exposure period.

Results
The recruitment target was not achieved due to unanticipated developments within the pharmaceutical industry, potentially compromising the study’s power. Study outcomes did not differ significantly according to the allocated inhaler device even after adjusting for baseline lung function or inhaler technique. Recommendations for future device comparison protocols are offered.
Trial registration Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, Current Controlled Trials ACTRN12618000075280, date of registration: 18.01.2018. Retrospectively registered
Using Anchoring Vignettes to Reevaluate the Link between Self-Rated Health Status and Political Behavior
Authors: Pacheco Julianna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractContext: The majority of studies linking health to political behavior capture an individual's health with an ordinal survey question, called self-rated health status (SRHS), that asks respondents to rate their health along a five-point scale (e.g., excellent to poor). While studies generally have found associations between SRHS and political behavior, differences in respondent understanding and interpretation of the SRHS question and response categories may lead to biased inferences and invalid analyses.Methods: The author used anchoring vignettes to evaluate previous inferences regarding SRHS and political behavior, including voter turnout, political participation, and party identification.Findings: Individuals who participate in politics are more health optimistic than those who rarely participate. Liberals tend to be less health optimistic compared to moderates. Once the SRHS measure is adjusted for interpersonal incomparability, it is no longer associated with voter turnout or party identification.Conclusions: Researchers should note that adjusting for interpersonal incomparability in the SRHS measure influences our conclusions about health and political behavior. Scholars of political behavior must continue to think conceptually about what we mean by health, as well as critically about how to measure this concept accurately.
Predicting Energy Expenditure of an Acute Resistance Exercise Bout in Men and Women
Authors: LYTLE JASON ROBERT , KRAVITS DANIELLE M. , MARTIN STEVEN E. , GREEN JOHN S. , CROUSE STEPHEN F. , LAMBERT BRAD S. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
The energy expenditure of resistance exercise (RE) is an important consideration for exercise prescription and weight management, yet prediction models are lacking.

Purpose
This study aimed to develop regression equations to predict energy expenditure (kcal) for RE involving each major muscle group using commonly measured demographic and exercise variables as predictors.

Methods
Fifty-two healthy, active subjects (27 men, 25 women, age 20–58 yr, height 174.1 ± 10.5 cm, weight 188.7 ± 42.6 kg, V˙O2max 36.8 ± 9.2 mL·kg−1⋅min−1) were strength tested to estimate their one-repetition maximum 1 wk before their experimental RE bout. The experimental RE bout consisted of a warm-up set followed by 2–3 sets (2-min turnover) of 8–12 reps at 60%–70% of predicted one-repetition maximum for leg press, chest press, leg curl, lat pull, leg extension, triceps push down, and biceps curl. Kilocalories were estimated from V˙O2 measured continuously throughout the RE bout via an automated metabolic cart. Total exercise volume (TV) was calculated as sets × reps × weight lifted. Multiple linear regression (stepwise removal) was used to determine the best model (highest adjusted R
2) to predict the kilocalorie consumption of the total workout and of the individual RE lifts.

Results
The derived regression equation for the net kilocalorie consumption of an RE bout was as follows: total net kilocalorie = 0.874 (height, cm) − 0.596 (age, yr) − 1.016 (fat mass, kg) + 1.638 (lean mass, kg) + 2.461 (TV × 10−3) − 110.742 (R
2 = 0.773, SEE = 28.5 kcal). Significant equations were also derived for individual lifts (R
2 = 0.62 to 0.83).

Conclusions
Net energy expenditure for a total RE bout and for individual RE can be reasonably estimated in adult men and women using commonly measured demographic and RE variables.
When Anomalies Are Publicized Broadly, Do Institutions Trade Accordingly?
Authors: Calluzzo Paul , Moneta Fabio , Topaloglu Selim 
Published: February 2019

This paper studies whether institutional investors trade on 14 well documented stock market anomalies. We show that there is an increase in anomaly-based trading when information about the anomalies is readily available through academic publications and the release of necessary accounting data. This finding is more pronounced among hedge funds and institutions with high turnover, that is, the subset of investors who likely have the abilities and incentives to act on the anomalies. We directly relate the increase in trading to the observed decay in post-publication anomaly returns. Our results support the role of institutional investors in the arbitrage process and in improving market efficiency.This paper was accepted by Renée Adams, finance.
A nationwide survey of reprocessing, facilities and nursing personnel in Italian endoscopy units
Authors: Guarini Alessandra , Rossetti Elena , Simonelli Pierangelo , Iannone Teresa , Carretto Daniela , Giaquinto Antonella , Iori Giorgio , Valdinoci Monia , Rivara Cinzia 
Published: February 2019

Background: In endoscopy, dedicated nursing roles have developed with the growing availability of sophisticated procedures for diagnosis and therapy in gastrointestinal conditions. Endoscopy centres must maintain high standards in terms of facilities, education and staffing to ensure the safety and quality of patient care. Aim: Italy's National Association of Endoscopic Technical Operators-National Association of Gastroenterology and Associated Nurses (ANOTE-ANIGEA) conducted a nationwide survey to assess whether these standards were being met in centres across the regions. Method: A specific questionnaire was prepared and distributed to ANOTE-ANIGEA associates, and data were statistically analysed by using chi-square test or Fisher's test, as appropriate. Results: A total of 176 endoscopy units were surveyed. A recovery room and a distinct dirty-clean area were lacking in 15% and 45% of centres respectively. In 19% of centres, reusable devices were reprocessed with high-level disinfection rather than sterilisation, while reprocessing was not traceable in 23% of centres. The different centres employed a median of six endoscopy nurses, while in a third of centres only one nurse was employed per endoscopy room. In as many as 56% of centres, reprocessing was carried out exclusively by nurses, as no other trained staff were available. Significant differences emerged when comparing data of centres from northern, central and southern Italy, with centres in the south more likely not to meet expected standards. Conclusions: Particular concerns were found regarding reprocessing, especially the lack of a distinct ‘dirty–clean’ route and/or dedicated reprocessing staff in several centres.
The rationale for making a short DVD in relation to the last offices procedure
Authors: Jones Bridie , Parry Maria 
Published: February 2019

Background: This article outlines the rationale of developing a DVD using a simulated patient to show students how to perform the last offices in the UK and what they can expect when a patient dies. Aim: This is an aspect of the curriculum that students felt was not adequately covered and they were anxious about experiencing the death of a patient for the first time. The DVD allowed a large number of students to receive extra teaching on this topic and was a time-effective way of introducing more teaching into the curriculum. Conclusion: Students felt more prepared for the death of a patient during their first clinical placement.
Protease-Sensitive Pancreatic Lipase Variants Are Associated With Early Onset Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Lasher Denise , Szabó András , Masamune Atsushi , Chen Jian-Min , Xiao Xunjun , Whitcomb David C. , Barmada M. Michael , Ewers Maren , Ruffert Claudia , Paliwal Sumit , Issarapu Prachand , Bhaskar Seema , Mani K. Radha , Chandak Giriraj R. , Laumen Helmut , Masson Emmanuelle , Kume Kiyoshi , Hamada Shin , Nakano Eriko , Seltsam Katharina , Bugert Peter , Müller Thomas , Groneberg David A. , Shimosegawa Tooru , Rosendahl Jonas , Férec Claude , Lowe Mark E. , Witt Heiko , Sahin-Tóth Miklós 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Premature activation of the digestive protease trypsin within the pancreatic parenchyma is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Alterations in genes that affect intrapancreatic trypsin activity are associated with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Recently, carboxyl ester lipase emerged as a trypsin-independent risk gene. Here, we evaluated pancreatic lipase (PNLIP) as a potential novel susceptibility gene for CP.

METHODS:
We analyzed all 13 PNLIP exons in 429 nonalcoholic patients with CP and 600 control subjects from Germany, in 632 patients and 957 controls from France, and in 223 patients and 1,070 controls from Japan by DNA sequencing. Additionally, we analyzed selected exons in further 545 patients with CP and 1,849 controls originating from Germany, United States, and India. We assessed the cellular secretion, lipase activity, and proteolytic stability of recombinant PNLIP variants.

RESULTS:
In the German discovery cohort, 8/429 (1.9%) patients and 2/600 (0.3%) controls carried a PNLIP missense variant (P = 0.02, odds ratio [OR] = 5.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–38.9). Variants detected in patients were prone to proteolytic degradation by trypsin and chymotrypsin. In the French replication cohort, protease-sensitive variants were also enriched in patients with early-onset CP (5/632 [0.8%]) vs controls (1/957 [0.1%]) (P = 0.04, OR = 7.6, 95% CI = 0.9–172.9). In contrast, we detected no protease-sensitive variants in the non-European populations. In the combined European data, protease-sensitive variants were found in 13/1,163 cases (1.1%) and in 3/3,000 controls (0.1%) (OR = 11.3, 95% CI = 3.0–49.9, P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data indicate that protease-sensitive PNLIP variants are novel genetic risk factors for the development of CP.
Participation and Ease of Use in Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Comparison of 2 Fecal Immunochemical Tests
Authors: de Klerk Clasine M. , Wieten Els , van der Steen Annemieke , Ramakers Christian R. , Kuipers Ernst J. , Hansen Bettina E. , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris , Bossuyt Patrick M. , Spaander Manon C.W. , Dekker Evelien 
Published: February 2019

INTRODUCTION:
The impact of fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening on disease incidence and mortality is affected by participation, which might be influenced by ease of use of the FIT. We compared the participation rates and ease of use of 2 different FITs in a CRC screening program.

METHODS:
There were two study designs within the Dutch CRC screening program. In a paired cohort study, all invitees received 2 FITs (OC-Sensor, Eiken, Japan, and FOB-Gold, Sentinel, Italy) and were asked to sample both from the same stool. Ease of use of both FITs was evaluated by a questionnaire. In a randomized controlled trial, invitees were randomly allocated to receive one of the 2 FITs to compare participation and analyzability.

RESULTS:
Of 42,179 invitees in the paired cohort study, 21,078 (50%) completed 2 tests and 20,727 (98%) returned the questionnaire. FOB-Gold was reported significantly easier to use. More participants preferred FOB-Gold (36%) than OC-Sensor (5%), yet most had no preference (59%; P < 0.001). In the randomized trial, 936 of 1,923 invitees (48.7%) returned the FOB-Gold and 940 of 1,923 invitees (48.9%) returned the OC-Sensor, a difference of −0.2% (confidence interval, −3.4% to 3.0%), well within the pre-specified 5% noninferiority margin (P = 0.001). Only one FOB-Gold (0.1%) and 4 OC-Sensors (0.4%) were not analyzable (P = 0.18).

CONCLUSIONS:
Although FOB-Gold was significantly but marginally considered easier to use than OC-Sensor, the number of analyzable tests and the participation rates in organized CRC screening are not affected when either of the FITs is implemented as a primary screening test.
Kalokagathia and the Unity of the Virtues in the Eudemian Ethics
Authors: Bonasio Giulia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that in the Eudemian Ethics, Aristotle proposes a strong version of the unity of the virtues. Evidence in favor of this strong version of the unity of the virtues results from reading the common books within the EE rather than as part of the Nicomachean Ethics. The unity of the virtues as defended in the EE includes not only practical wisdom and the character virtues, but also all the virtues of practical and theoretical thinking. Closely related, in the EE, Aristotle proposes a different best agent from the one of the NE. The best agent of the EE is the kalos kagathos. The person who is kalos kagathos has “all” the virtues. Kalokagathia is a whole and the virtues are its parts. I investigate how we should understand this whole and the relation between the individual virtues within this whole.
Crystal structure of methyl 2-(4-(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)acetate, C15H13N3O2
Authors: Fang Bo , Meng Jiang Ping , Luo Yan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
C15H13N3O2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 4.6502(18) Å, b = 11.937(3) Å, c = 13.1822(19) Å, α = 115.26(4)°, β = 94.81(5)°, γ = 96.49(5)°, V = 650.4(4) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0762, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1794, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(bis(μ-1,1′-[(5-methoxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(methylene)]bis(1H-1,2,4-triazole)-κ
2
N:N′)-bis(isothiocyanato-κN)manganese(II)], C34H40MnN14O2S2
Authors: Wang Mengyang , Yang Kaiqiang , Wang Yujiu , Ying Ying 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
C34H40MnN14O2S2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.1383(4) Å, b = 9.5039(6) Å, c = 10.5526(6) Å, α = 91.564(4)°, β = 94.624(5)°, γ = 91.737(4)°, V = 912.68(9) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0374, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0910, T = 125 K.
Removal of Cs-137 and Sr-90 from reactor actual liquid waste samples using a new synthesized bionanocomposite-based carboxymethylcellulose
Authors: Emara Amr M. , El-Sweify Fatma H. , Abo-Zahra Shereen F. , Hashim Ahmed I. , Siyam Tharwat E. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
A new biosorbent containing vinylsulphonic acid and 2-acryloamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles, iron (III) oxide, grafted to carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt P(VSA/AMPSO3H/MNPs)-g-CMC bionanocomposite material (BNC) has been synthesized by γ radiation induced grafting copolymerization technique. The effect of comonomer, crosslinker, CMC concentration and the absorbed dose (kGy) on the grafting efficiency and swelling degree was studied. The BNC has been successfully synthesized and the structure of the prepared BNC was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal analysis (TGA and DTA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph. Batch studies relevant to adsorption of Cs-137 and Sr-90 from the reactor actual liquid waste samples by the BNC were performed as a function of contact time, solution pH, metal ion concentration, and temperature in simulation studies using the γ emitting isotopes Cs-134 and Sr-85 as representatives of Cs-137 and Sr-90, respectively. Those studies were used to find out the best conditions for isolation of Cs-137 and Sr-90 from reactor actual liquid waste. The isotherms and kinetics were analyzed using different models at 25 °C. The maximum capacity of BNC was found to be 297 and 330 mg g−1 for Cs(I) and Sr(II) metal ions, respectively.