bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host association influences variation at salivary protein genes in the bat ectoparasite Cimex adjunctus
Authors: Talbot Benoit , Vonhof Maarten J. , Broders Hugh G. , Fenton Brock , Keyghobadi Nusha 
Published: March 2018

AbstractParasite–host relationships create strong selection pressures that can lead to adaptation and increasing specialization of parasites to their hosts. Even in relatively loose host–parasite relationships, such as between generalist ectoparasites and their hosts, we may observe some degree of specialization of parasite populations to one of the multiple potential hosts. Salivary proteins are used by blood‐feeding ectoparasites to prevent hemostasis in the host and maximize energy intake. We investigated the influence of association with specific host species on allele frequencies of salivary protein genes in Cimex adjunctus, a generalist blood‐feeding ectoparasite of bats in North America. We analysed two salivary protein genes: an apyrase, which hydrolyses ATP at the feeding site and thus inhibits platelet aggregation, and a nitrophorin, which brings nitrous oxide to the feeding site, inhibiting platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction. We observed more variation at both salivary protein genes among parasite populations associated with different host species than among populations from different spatial locations associated with the same host species. The variation in salivary protein genes among populations on different host species was also greater than expected under a neutral scenario of genetic drift and gene flow. Finally, host species was an important predictor of allelic divergence in genotypes of individual C. adjunctus at both salivary protein genes. Our results suggest differing selection pressures on these two salivary protein genes in C. adjunctus depending on the host species.
Drug safety and big clinical data: Detection of drug‐induced anaphylactic shock events
Authors: Bouzillé Guillaume , Osmont Marie‐Noëlle , Triquet Louise , Grabar Natalia , Rochefort‐Morel Cécile , Chazard Emmanuel , Polard Elisabeth , Cuggia Marc 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThe spontaneous reporting system currently used in pharmacovigilance is not sufficiently exhaustive to detect all adverse drug reactions (ADRs). With the widespread use of electronic health records, biomedical data collected during the clinical care process can be reused and analysed to better detect ADRs. The aim of this study was to assess whether querying a Clinical Data Warehouse (CDW) could increase the detection of drug‐induced anaphylaxis.MethodsAll known cases of drug‐induced anaphylaxis that occurred or required hospitalization at Rennes Academic Hospital in 2011 (n = 19) were retrieved from the French pharmacovigilance database, which contains all reported ADR events. Then, from the Rennes Academic Hospital CDW, a training set (all patients hospitalized in 2011) and a test set (all patients hospitalized in 2012) were extracted. The training set was used to define an optimized query, by building a set of keywords (based on the known cases) and exclusion criteria to search structured and unstructured data within the CDW in order to identify at least all known cases of drug‐induced anaphylaxis for 2011. Then, the real performance of the optimized query was tested in the test set.ResultsUsing the optimized query, 59 cases of drug‐induced anaphylaxis were identified among the 253 patient records extracted from the test set as possible anaphylaxis cases. Specifically, the optimal query identified 41 drug‐induced anaphylaxis cases that were not detected by searching the French pharmacovigilance database but missed 7 cases detected only by spontaneous reporting.DiscussionWe proposed an information retrieval‐based method for detecting drug‐induced anaphylaxis, by querying structured and unstructured data in a CDW. CDW queries are less specific than spontaneous reporting and Diagnosis‐related Groups queries, although their sensitivity is much higher. CDW queries can facilitate monitoring by pharmacovigilance experts. Our method could be easily incorporated in the routine practice.
Flavobacteria colonizing the early life stages of hatchery‐incubated Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum 1792) are markedly diverse
Authors: Loch T P , Faisal M 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFlavobacterial diseases are significant impediments to hatchery‐based fishery conservation and aquaculture productivity worldwide. Recent studies revealed a multitude of novel flavobacteria within the reproductive fluids and unfertilized eggs of feral Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha broodstock, some of which were associated with systemic disease. Herein, embryonated eggs/fry from these broodstock were assayed for flavobacteria while in incubator stacks in three hatcheries over 2 years, as was the water entering hatchery incubators. Overall, >65% of sampled eggs and 38% of fry were colonized by flavobacteria. One hundred and ninety‐one egg and fry‐associated flavobacterial isolates were characterized phenotypically and via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, revealing that the majority fell into 22 clades (i.e., 15 Flavobacterium spp. groups and seven Chryseobacterium spp. groups) that varied in presence by facility. Although some matched previously described fish‐pathogenic species, the majority were distinct from all described flavobacteria and likely represent novel species. Of concern, iodophor disinfection at the commonly utilized dose/duration for egg‐surface disinfection did not eliminate flavobacteria. Results also implicated maternal routes of infection and source water for some flavobacteria. In total, study findings underscore the complexity of flavobacterial ecology within hatchery environments and highlight the need for improved hatchery biosecurity practices.
Insights into Roseburia intestinalis which alleviates experimental colitis pathology by inducing anti‐inflammatory responses
Authors: Shen Zhaohua , Zhu Changxin , Quan Yongsheng , Yang Jinming , Yuan Wei , Yang Zhenyu , Wu Shuai , Luo Weiwei , Tan Bei , Wang Xiaoyan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground and AimThe study aims to elucidate the anti‐inflammatory effect and mechanism of Roseburia intestinalis (R. intestinalis) in Crohn's disease (CD).Methods16S‐rRNA genome sequencing technique is used to detect the characteristics of intestinal microbiota in untreated CD patients and healthy controls. Then the study investigates the effects of R. intestinalis on disease activity index score, intestinal pathology, the differentiation of Treg cells, and the expressions of Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), TGF‐β and IL‐10 by using TNBS colitis models. At the cellular level, the study uses LPS to stimulate Caco‐2 cells to conduct inflammation models and then co‐culture with R. intestinalis and detect changes of TSLP and TGF‐β. The study then uses R. intestinalis to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the change of Treg cells was detected.ResultsGenome sequencing of fecal samples from untreated CD patients (n = 10) revealed decreases in the abundance and diversity of intestinal microbiota, including R. intestinalis. Moreover, R. intestinalis reduced disease activity index scores, colon shortening, intestinal mucosal epithelial injury, and mucosal lymphocyte infiltration in a colitis mice model. It suppressed intestinal inflammation by increasing Treg cell numbers and expression of the anti‐inflammatory cytokines TSLP, TGF‐β, and interleukin‐10 (P < 0.05). R. intestinalis also increased secretion of TSLP and TGF‐β in lipopolysaccharide‐treated Caco‐2 cells.ConclusionThese findings suggest that R. intestinalis suppresses CD pathogenesis by inducing anti‐inflammatory responses.
Backlighting the European Indium Recycling Potentials
Authors: Ciacci Luca , Werner Tim T. , Vassura Ivano , Passarini Fabrizio 
Published: March 2018

SummaryWith increased understanding of the effects of human activities on the environment and added awareness of the increasing societal value of natural resources, researchers have begun to focus on the characterization of elemental cycles. Indium has captured significant attention due to the potential for supply shortages and nonexistent recycling at end of life. Such a combination of potentially critical features is magnified for countries that depend on imports of indium, notably many European countries. With the aims of analyzing the dynamics of material flows and of estimating the magnitude of secondary indium sources available for recycling, the anthropogenic indium cycle in Europe has been investigated by material flow analysis. The results showed that the region is a major consumer of finished goods containing indium, and the cumulative addition of indium in urban mines was estimated at about 500 tonnes of indium. We discuss these results from the perspective of closing the metal cycle in the region. Securing access to critical raw materials is a priority for Europe, but the preference for recycling metal urban mines risks to remain only theoretical for indium unless innovations in waste collection and processing unlock the development of technologies that are economically feasible and environmentally sustainable.
Product/Service‐Systems for a Circular Economy: The Route to Decoupling Economic Growth from Resource Consumption?
Authors: Kjaer Louise Laumann , Pigosso Daniela C. A. , Niero Monia , Bech Nynne Marie , McAloone Tim C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryProduct/service‐systems (PSS) that focus on selling service and performance instead of products are often mentioned as means to realize a circular economy (CE), in which economic growth is decoupled from resource consumption. However, a PSS is no implicit guarantee for a CE, and CE strategies do not necessarily lead to decoupling economic growth from resource consumption in absolute terms. Absolute resource decoupling only occurs when the resource use declines, irrespective of the growth rate of the economic driver. In this forum paper, we propose a two‐step framework that aims to support analyses of PSS and their potential to lead to absolute resource decoupling. In the first step, we present four PSS enablers of relative resource reduction that qualify as CE strategies. In the second step, three subsequent requirements need to be met, in order to successfully achieve absolute resource decoupling. Conditions and limitations for this accomplishment are discussed. Danish textile cases are used to exemplify the framework elements and its application. We expect that the framework will challenge the debate on the necessary conditions for CE strategies to ensure absolute resource decoupling.
Behavioral intention to prevent cervical cancer and related factors among female high school students in Japan
Authors: Shida Junko , Kuwana Kakoyo , Takahashi Kazuko 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimThis study aimed to examine female high school students’ behavioral intention to prevent cervical cancer and related factors.MethodsThe participants were 2158 female high school students at 16 high schools in A prefecture in the Tohoku region in Japan. A self‐administered questionnaire was carried out that was developed based on a conceptual framework comprising the Health Belief Model and Theory of Reasoned Action.ResultsThe responses were obtained from 2072 students (96.0%). Of these, the answers of 2028 respondents were analyzed after excluding those participants who did not complete the behavioral intention item (effective response rate: 97.0%). A factor analysis and covariance structure analysis yielded a model with strong goodness‐of‐fit that explained the behavioral intentions based on an “Awareness of the importance and effectiveness of cervical cancer screening,” “Obstacles to cervical cancer prevention behavior,” “Subjective norms for adopting cervical cancer prevention behavior,” and “The behavior of someone close that encourages cervical cancer prevention behavior.”ConclusionThe statistical analysis yielded a model with strong goodness‐of‐fit that explained female high school students’ behavioral intentions, which were related to four factors, including “the awareness of the importance and effectiveness of cervical cancer screening.”
Andean–Pacific Commerce and Credit: Bolivian Traders, Asian Migrant Businesses, and International Manufacturers in the Regional Economy
Authors: Müller Juliane 
Published: March 2018

ResumenEste artículo analiza la configuración cambiante del comercio regional de artefactos electrónicos. Basado en un trabajo etnográfico iniciado en 2013 en varias localidades (mercados populares en La Paz, Bolivia, y la zona franca de Iquique, norte de Chile) y en un análisis histórico de las últimas tres décadas, el objetivo ha sido comprender la conexión cada vez mayor del comercio popular boliviano con las cadenas comerciales y empresas del este asiático, específicamente de los mercados internacionales centrados en China. De este modo, se puede afirmar que en la zona franca, el proceso se caracteriza por la circulación del crédito comercial entre los distribuidores de origen asiático y los comerciantes bolivianos. Mientras que en mercados urbanos en Bolivia, las formas locales de generar confianza han sido adoptadas por todos los actores, también por las empresas transnacionales. Otro aspecto a destacar es cómo las recientes cooperaciones chino–bolivianas e inversiones chinas en Bolivia también incorporan prácticas pasadas, pero al mismo tiempo intentan fomentar cadenas comerciales racionalizadas; y como consecuencia de estos procesos, las empresas multinacionales están contribuyendo a la creciente diferenciación socio‐económica entre los comerciantes bolivianos.
Dental Shade Matching and Value Discernment Abilities of First‐Year Dental Students
Authors: Imbery Terence A. , Tran Dan , Baechle Mary A. , Hankle Jennifer L. , Janus Charles 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeTo determine if Farnsworth‐Munsell 100 Hue Test, Perceptual Ability Test, gender, age, ethnicity, and time predict dental shade matching and value discernment in first‐year dental students.Materials and MethodsFarnsworth‐Munsell 100 Hue Test was administered to 95 first‐year‐dental students beneath a Judge II booth (color temperature of 6500°K, and color rendering index of 90). Students also arranged 16 masked shade tabs from a Vita Classic shade guide by value (lightest to darkest) and matched together 16 pairs of masked shade tabs from two Vita Classic shade guides. Ethnicity, age, Perceptual Ability Test scores, gender, and time to complete the tests were recorded. Associations and correlations were investigated using chi‐square, Tukey‐Kramer HSD, standard least square, and multilinear regression (p < 0.05).ResultsTotal error scores on the Farnsworth‐Munsell 100 Hue Test ranged from 0 to 144. Forty‐eight students exhibited superior color acuity, 45 average, and two poor. The mean number of correct answers for matching shade tabs together was 11.6, and 6.1 for arranging the shade tabs by value. Females performed statistically better than males on the Farnsworth‐Munsell 100 Hue Test and shade tab matching. Better color discrimination identified by lower total error scores on the Farnsworth‐Munsell 100 Hue Test was directly correlated to greater ability to match shade tabs together. Perceptual Ability Test scores had slight significance. As the scores increased there was slightly better performance on the Farnsworth‐Munsell 100 Hue Test. Older participants performed better than younger subjects on the value test. No other correlations were significant for any of the tests.ConclusionsFemales and individuals who performed better on the Farnsworth‐Munsell 100 Hue Test have improved dental shade‐matching ability.
Spectrophotometric Evaluation of Anterior Maxillary Tooth Color Distribution According to Age and Gender
Authors: Karaman Tahir , Altintas Eyyup , Eser Bekir , Talo Yildirim Tuba , Oztekin Faruk , Bozoglan Alihan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeTo determine the effects of age and gender on the color distribution of the right maxillary central, lateral incisors, and canine teeth.Materials and MethodsThe tooth color was measured using the VITA Easyshade V spectrophotometer with a total of 202 volunteers (89 men, 113 women). The age distribution in this study was between 15 and 70 years old (average: 31). A grey background color was used to prevent background reflection while performing the color measurements.ResultsAccording to the VITAPAN Classical shade guide, the tooth color distribution of the central and lateral incisors showed a maximum of A2, with a maximum of B3 for the canine teeth. When comparing the International Commission on Illumination L*, a*, and b* values (CIELab color space coordinates) of the teeth with subject gender, statistically significant differences were not found between gender and the L* and b* values (p > 0.05); however, a statistically significant difference was observed between gender and the a* values (p < 0.05).ConclusionWhen the distribution ratio of tooth color was examined, different ratios were determined based on gender and age and between the maxillary central, lateral incisors, and canine teeth. A uniform tooth color should not be chosen for anterior restorations, and factors such as gender and age should be considered when making a color selection for patients.
Decreasing house prices and household mobility: An empirical study on loss aversion and negative equity
Authors: Steegmans Joep , Hassink Wolter 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of loss aversion and negative equity on household mobility. We stress the importance of studying these mechanisms simultaneously. By making use of a unique administrative data set of Statistics Netherlands, covering the period 2006–2011, we estimate the effects of loss aversion and negative equity. The results provide strong evidence for loss aversion, while less evidence is found for a lock‐in effect of negative equity. The results indicate that moderately underwater households do have a lower mobility, but heavily underwater households do not. Additional results indicate that the particularly high mobility of heavily underwater households is not default‐driven.
2D BASIN MODELLING IN THE EASTERN VARISCAN FOLD BELT (CZECH REPUBLIC): INFLUENCE OF THRUSTING ON PATTERNS OF THERMAL MATURATION
Authors: Jirman P. , Geršlová E. , Kalvoda J. , Melichar R. 
Published: March 2018

This study evaluates the geothermal history of Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks from the easternmost part of the Variscan external zone in the NE Czech Republic. The objective was to investigate the geothermal history of pre‐Variscan Palaeozoic carbonates in the study area, and to assess its relationship with that of the overlying Variscan flysch. In the study area, the Palaeozoic succession occurs at the surface or is overlain by Miocene sediments of the Carpathian Foredeep. Palaeozoic nappes and the main Variscan overthrust have been documented in the subsurface at the deep Potštát‐1borehole.Vitrinite reflectance measurements on 38 samples from the Potštát‐1 well and 19 samples from nearby surface outcrops and shallow boreholes were available. A 2D thermal model was created using PetroMod and the thermal maturity evolution was modelled by EASY%Ro. The thermal model was constructed based on interpretations of two NW‐SE seismic profiles (lines 5/83 and 5/84) oriented perpendicular to the main Variscan thrusts. The results were calibrated using measured vitrinite reflectance and were adjusted with 1D models from three shallow boreholes. At the Potštát‐1 borehole, modelled maximum palaeo‐temperatures of the Variscan flysch (Moravice Formation) ranged from 310°C at a depth of 7.3 km (the top of the preserved succession) to 395°C at the base of the succession, resulting in thermal maturities of >4%Rr. Peak maturation occurred prior to the end of Variscan thrusting. Modelling suggests that the basal heat flow for these thrust units reached a maximum value of 63 mW/m2 at 325 Ma. In addition, the modelling suggests that the maturity of the Palaeozoic carbonates was controlled by the thickness of the overlying Variscan flysch nappes. Maximum palaeo‐temperatures for the Palaeozoic carbonates ranged from 265°C at the top of the interval (at a depth of 7.1 km) to 290°C at the base, resulting in a maturity of 3.8 to >4%Rr which is within the dry gas window. The study suggests that basal heat flows in the original (pre‐thrust) Early Carboniferous sedimentary basin were slightly higher than those in the post‐thrust location for the Variscan flysch nappes. This should be taken into account when evaluating the petroleum system in the South Moravian oil province (SW Czech Republic) where a complete sedimentary sequence has not been preserved.
Isolation and identification of Sydowia polyspora and its pathogenicity on Pinus yunnanensis in Southwestern China
Authors: Pan Yue , Ye Hui , Lu Jun , Chen Peng , Zhou Xu‐Dong , Qiao Min , Yu Ze‐Fen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSydowia polyspora occurs often as an epiphyte or endophyte of conifers and is widely distributed around the world. It is also reported as a fungus associated with bark beetles. In this study, based on ITS sequence data and morphological characteristics, 14 strains collected from the beetle bodies and galleries of Tomicus minor and Tomicus yunnanensis infesting Pinus yunnanensis in Southwestern China were identified as S. polyspora. To assess the virulence of S. polyspora to P. yunnanensis, pathogenicity tests were conducted by inoculating the fungus in the stems and on needles of P. yunnanensis. The results after 30 days showed that the lesion lengths in the phloem after inoculation with S. polyspora were significantly longer than for the control. In addition, the fungus caused partly distinct chlorisis or discolouration of needles 14 days after inoculation. This suggests that S. polyspora is able to colonize stem phloem and pine needles of P. yunnanensis and thus may cause secondary damages to this host after being spread with bark beetles.
Patients With Fragile X Syndrome Attending a Specialized Centre in Chile: Parent Satisfaction, Costs and Adherence
Authors: Faundes Víctor , Salas Isabel , Correa‐Burrows Paulina , Soto Paula , Peña María Ignacia , Pugin Ángela , Bravo Paulina , Santa María Lorena , Morales Paulina , Curotto Bianca , Aliaga Solange , Alliende María Angélica 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe study aim was to evaluate the administration and achievements of a Fragile X syndrome (FXS) centre in Chile. Families with children with FXS who sought care at our centre (CDTSXF) answered a survey to evaluate parent satisfaction. We analyzed adherence to management and the costs of CDTSXF operation. The percentage of parents satisfied with CDTSXF management ranged from 38% for speech development, to 100% for general management. The financial costs covered 70% of economic costs of centre operation. Patient adherence was associated with the age at admission to CDTSXF. Low satisfaction with language development could be attributed to low treatment adherence. The CDTSXF should study different mechanisms of financing its operation, estimate the cost of FXS for families, and improve treatment adherence among older patients.