bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Hospital‐Acquired Conditions Initiative on Falls and Physical Restraints: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Shorr Ronald I. , Staggs Vincent S. , Waters Teresa M. , Daniels Michael J. , Liu Minzhao , Dunton Nancy , Mion Lorraine C. 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUNDThe Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) implemented the Hospital‐Acquired Conditions (HACs) Initiative in October 2008; the CMS no longer reimbursed hospitals for fall injury. The effects of this payment change on fall and fall injury rates are not well described, nor its effect on physical restraint use.OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to examine the effects of the 2008 HACs Initiative on the rates of falls, injurious falls, and physical restraint use.DESIGN/SETTINGThis was a nine‐year retrospective cohort study (July 2006‐December 2015) involving 2,862 adult medical, medical‐surgical, and surgical nursing units from 734 hospitals.MEASUREMENTSAnnual rates of change in falls, injurious falls, and physical restraint use during the two years before the payment rule went into effect were compared with one‐, four‐, and seven‐year rates of annual change after implementation, adjusting for unit‐ and facility‐level covariates. Stratified analyses were conducted according to bed size and teaching status.RESULTSCompared with prior to the payment change, there was stable acceleration in the one‐, four‐, and seven‐year annual rates of decline in falls as follows: ‐2.1% (‐3.3%, ‐0.9%), ‐2.2% (‐3.2%, ‐1.1%), and ‐2.2% (‐3.4%, ‐1.0%) respectively. For injurious falls, there was an increasing acceleration in the annual declines, achieving statistical significance only at seven years post CMS change as follows: ‐3.2% (‐5.5%, ‐1.0%). Physical restraint use prevalence decreased from 1.6% to 0.6%. Changes in the rates of falls, injurious falls, and restraint use varied according to hospital bed size and teaching status.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCESince the HACs Initiative, there was at best a modest decline in the rates of falls and injurious falls observed primarily in larger, major teaching hospitals. An increase in restraint use was not observed. Falls remain a difficult patient safety problem for hospitals, and further research is required to develop cost‐effective, generalizable strategies for their prevention. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2019;14:e31‐e36. © 2019 Society of Hospital Medicine
Effect of Hospital Readmission Reduction Program on Hospital Readmissions and Mortality Rates
Authors: Samarghandi Arash , Qayyum Rehan 
Published: September 2019

RATIONALEAlthough the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP) has reduced the 30‐day readmission rates for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) across hospitals, the effect of HRRP on hospital mortality remains unknown. Therefore, we examined the association between hospital readmissions and mortality rates for patients discharged with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD).METHODThe all‐cause hospital‐specific 30‐day risk‐standardized mortality rate (RSMR) and the 30‐day risk‐standardized readmission rate (RSRR) for patients with COPD from 2010 to 2017 were obtained from the Hospital Compare website. Hospital service area (HSA) information was obtained from the Dartmouth Atlas of Healthcare. The longitudinal relationship between the mortality and readmission rates of a hospital was assessed using mixed linear models.RESULTSOf the 3,685 hospitals analyzed, the unadjusted mean RSMRs increased from 7.8% to 8.4% during the study period at a yearly rate of 0.13 (95% CI = 0.12 to 0.14; P < .001), whereas the mean RSRRs declined from 20.7% to 19.6%. When examined according to the baseline readmission rate and interaction with time, each 1% higher‐than‐baseline readmission rate was associated with a smaller increase in mortality rate by 0.015% (95% CI = −0.02 to −0.01; P < .0001). Inclusion of change in readmissions in the model showed that each 1% decrease in readmission rate was associated with 0.04% (95% CI = −0.01 to −0.06; P = .008) increase in mortality.CONCLUSIONThis hospital‐level analysis of AECOPD showed that although the 30‐day all‐cause readmission rates declined, the mortality rates increased. Hospitals with lower readmission rates had higher mortality rates over time.Journal of Hospital Medicine 2019;14:e25‐e30. © 2019 Society of Hospital Medicine
Educação Superior Pública e o Future-se: o projeto do capital em tempos de ascensão da extrema direita
Authors: Gonçalves Filho Antonio , Farage Eblin 
Published: September 2019

Este artigo traz algumas reflexões sobre a educação superior no Brasil a partir das determinações dos organismos internacionais, “sujeitos políticos coletivos” do capital. Aponta os processos advindos da crise internacional do capital e da crise do chamado socialismo real, que se expressam em profunda reestruturação do papel dos Estados nacionais, derivando em contrarreformas, nas diversas áreas sociais, como forma de minimizar o papel do Estado e garantir a apropriação privada do fundo público. Demonstra como a educação passa a ser considerada uma mercadoria importante na tentativa de reestruturação do capitalismo e aponta os principais eixos estruturantes do projeto de contrarreforma da educação superior do governo de extrema direita no Brasil, o FUTURE-SE. Palavras chaves: Educação Superior – Projeto do Capital – Contrarreforma da Educação – FUTURE-SE
O ensino a distância e as tendências da apropriação dos fundamentos do Serviço Social
Authors: Da Silva Antonio Israel Carlos 
Published: September 2019

O artigo problematiza a relação entre a ampliação de novos agentes profissionais pela via do ensino a distância (EAD) e as tendenciais repercussões na apropriação dos fundamentos teórico-metodológicos e ético-políticos do Serviço Social brasileiro. Realizou-se revisão de literatura e pesquisa documental, no sentido de identificar as mediações pedagógicas que envolvem a apreensão do conhecimento na formação profissional à distância. Identificou-se que, tendencialmente, a formação à distância se particulariza por uma reconfiguração teórico-cultural e ideológica, se compararmos ao projeto hegemônico de formação do Serviço Social brasileiro. Palavras-Chave: ensino a distância; Serviço Social; capitalismo contemporâneo
Orthodontic adhesives for fixed appliances: A review of available systems
Authors: Alkadhimi Aslam , Motamedi Farnaz 
Published: September 2019

Achieving high bond strength of orthodontic brackets to enamel, and hence a low failure rate, are the basic demands for orthodontic bracket-bonding systems. Given that continuous replacements of loose brackets are clinically inefficient, time-consuming, and costly, the search for an ‘ideal orthodontic adhesive’ has been a hot topic for many years. Since a substantive number of studies have been focusing on brackets, adhesive systems, and enamel surface conditioning methods in recent years, the authors feel that a review article of this kind can be helpful for the busy clinician to update his/her knowledge about the various adhesive systems available on the market, supported by relevant evidence. CPD/Clinical Relevance: As there are no clinical guidelines currently in the literature for the selection of the ‘ideal orthodontic adhesive’ and the availability of a substantial number of materials, this review article might help clinicians in the selection process by presenting the available bonding materials, along with supporting evidence from the literature.
Complete dentures – assessment of the loose denture
Authors: Dziedzic Arek , Puryer James 
Published: September 2019

Patients with complete dentures will often present to a clinician complaining that their dentures are loose. A careful history, clinical examination and denture examination is needed so that the cause of their loose dentures can be determined. Only once a suitable diagnosis has been reached can an appropriate treatment plan be developed. This paper aims to guide readers through this history and examination process to help them formulate a suitable diagnosis before embarking on any potential treatment options. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The paper provides a guide as to how to assess an edentulous patient presenting with loose complete dentures.
Management of paediatric humeral shaft fractures and associated nerve palsy
Authors: O'Shaughnessy M. A. , Parry J. A. , Liu H. , Stans A. A. , Larson A. N. , Milbrandt T. A. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose The aim of this study is to review the management of all paediatric humerus diaphyseal fractures treated at a single institution over a 20-year period. Methods Retrospective review from between 1996 and 2016 identified 96 humerus shaft fractures in paediatric patients (0 to 17 years). After excluding those deceased from inciting trauma, pathological and perinatal fractures, 80 patients remained for analysis. Data collected included age, fracture type, displacement, nerve palsy, treatment, complications and time to union. Radiographs were reviewed at the time of injury and at latest follow-up. Results Of 80 paediatric humeral diaphyseal fractures, 65 (81%) were treated with immobilization. In all, 15 (19%) fractures were treated with surgical stabilization. Most common indications were fracture displacement, open fractures and to improve mobilization in patients with multiple injuries. Fractures were stabilized with a plate (eight), flexible nails (five), external fixation (one) and percutaneous pinning (one). The operative group, compared with the nonoperative group, was older, had more high-energy mechanisms, more open fractures and increased fracture displacement. All patients in the nonoperative and operative groups went on to union with minimal complications. A nerve palsy was present in five patients (6%)with three of the five involving the radial nerve (4%). All nerve palsies were observed and had full neurological recovery. Conclusion Over a 20-year period nonoperative management of paediatric humerus shaft fractures was successful in the majority of patients. Operative stabilization, when rarely indicated, had a low complication rate and improved radiographic alignment. All nerve injuries fully recovered without surgical intervention. Level of evidence IV
IL-23/IL-17 INHIBITORS IN IMMUNOINFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES: NEW HORIZONS
Authors: Nasonov E. L. , Korotaeva T. V. , Dubinina T. V. , Lila A. M. 
Published: September 2019

Recently, more attention has been given to Th17 cells, the pathological activation of which plays a leading role in the development of a wide spectrum of human immunoinflammatory diseases (IID), including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, etc. This has served as an incentive to design new biological agents and small molecules, the main mechanism of action of which is based on blocking the pathological effects of interleukin-17 (IL-17), others are associated with the activation of Th17 cells cytokines or signaling pathways that regulate the effects of these cytokines. The review discusses current ideas about the mechanisms regulating the formation and functional activity of IL-17 family cytokines, as well as evidence for the importance of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of IID.
OPTIMIZATION OF SURGICAL TREATMENT TACTICS FOR PATIENTS WITH HIP-SPINE SYNDROME: A CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Kargaltsev A. A. , Makarov M. A. , Amirdzhanova V. N. 
Published: September 2019

Coexisting hip osteoarthritis (OA) and lumbar spinal stenosis (central and foraminal) and/or spondylolisthesis is called a hip-spine syndrome (HSS). The central problem is correctly diagnosing and determining the tactics of surgical or medical treatment for patients with HSS. The paper describes a clinical case of a female patient with HSS and an examination algorithm for determining the significance of peripheral neuropathy and hip OA and discusses the choice of surgical treatment tactics.
DRUG-INDUCED ENCEPHALOPATHY WITH IMPAIRED COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS DURING TOCILIZUMAB USE
Authors: Shesternya P. A. , Prokopenko S. V. , Mozheiko E. Yu. , Gritsenko O. D. , Tupaeva T. V. , Kurts E. M. 
Published: September 2019

Blockade of interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the most promising areas in the treatment of a number of immunoinflammatory diseases. Tocilizumab (TCZ), the first registered anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, has been used effectively by rheumatologists since 2010. During this period, the spectrum of adverse reactions (ARs) of TCZ has been clearly defined. However, the multifaceted biological effects of IL-6 determine the probability of unexpected ARs. The article describes a clinical case of drug-induced encephalopathy with cognitive dysfunction during TCZ therapy.
Costly Rewards and Punishments
Authors: Lee Frances Z. Xu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo punish an agent, the principal often incurs costs. I study a principal’s least costly reward and punishment scheme for an agent whose effort the principal cannot observe. I find the principal’s cost is sometimes minimized by using both costly rewards and costly punishments because (1) the agent has an outside option, or (2) a principal without commitment ability repeatedly interacts with the agent. I also find that when an agent’s effort is better at increasing the probability of a good outcome for the principal, the agent’s payoff may decrease, because the principal replaces rewards with punishments.
Gut microbiotas and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy response: a causal or coincidental relationship?
Authors: Janket Sok-Ja , Ackerson Leland K. , Diamandis Eleftherios P. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
As the largest immune organ, human gut microbiome could influence the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICI). However, identifying contributory microbes from over 35,000 species is virtually impossible and the identified microbes are not consistent among studies. The reason for the disparity may be that the microbes found in feces are markers of other factors that link immune response and microbiotas. Notably, gut microbiome is influenced by stool consistency, diet and other lifestyle factors. Therefore, the ICI and microbiotas relationship must be adjusted for potential confounders and analyzed longitudinally. Moreover, a recent study where 11 low-abundance commensal bacteria induced interferon-γ-producing CD8 T cells, challenges the validity of the abundance-oriented microbiotas investigations. This study also confirmed the hierarchy in immunogenic roles among microbiotas. Fecal transplantation trials in germ-free mice provided “the proof of principle” that germ-free mice reproduce the donor’s microbiome and corresponding ICI efficacy. However, species-specific biological differences prevent direct extrapolation between the results in murine and human models. Fecal transplantation or supplementation with microbes found in ICI responders requires caution due to potential adverse events.
The feasibility of using a low-cost depth camera for 3D scanning in mass customization
Authors: Virtanen Juho-Pekka , Antin Kim-Niklas , Kurkela Matti , Hyyppä Hannu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
By combining additive manufacturing with 3D measurement techniques, tailored production work-flows that include the digitizing of existing components, computer-aided design, and tool-free manufacturing of the customized parts can be envisioned, potentially reducing the costs of mass customization. The introduction of affordable depth cameras has greatly increased the consumer availability of 3D measuring. We present the application of an affordable depth camera for the 3D digitizing of existing components, the utilization of the produced data in the design process, and finally, the production of the designed component with additive manufacturing. The capabilities of the affordable depth camera system are evaluated by comparing it with photogrammetric 3D reconstruction, revealing issues in smaller geometric details and sharp edges.
Shared Aerial Drone Videos — Prospects and Problems for Volunteered Geographic Information Research
Authors: Stankov Uglješa , Vasiljević Ðorđije , Jovanović Verka , Kranjac Mirjana , Vujičić Miroslav D. , Morar Cezar , Bucur Liviu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The practice of producing drone videos for hobby or commercial purposes has already created a vast amount of open and free video datasets. When these videos are properly authored, time-stamped and geo-referenced, they receive characteristics of volunteered geographic information (VGI). As alternative forms to user-generated content (UGC), these visually appealing footages attract significant attention, but their production faces different practical and motivational issues that could impose limitation on the value of this kind of VGI. In order to better understand volunteered geographic drone videos (VGDV) from the social media and VGI perspective we conceptualize and discuss prospects and problems that could be explored in further research. This paper contributes to the development of theory about aerial drone videos, exploration of aerial drone video UGC characteristics and to the applicability of drone videos in Digital Earth systems.
Ladle Nozzle Clogging during casting of Silicon-Steel
Authors: Kong Wei , Chen Ying-Feng , Cang Da-Giang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
To figure out the reason causing ladle nozzle clogging during a continuous casting process (or CC for short) for the silicon steel and get away to solve it, this paper studied the theoretical calculation of flow rates during casting, inclusions around the slide gate where ladle nozzle clogging happened, and Ca-treatment on refining units for producing the silicon steel. The results showed that: The bigger diameter of a nozzle or less nozzle clogging can guarantee an enough flow rate for reaching the target casting speed. Ladle nozzle clogging can be predicted by analyzing the percentage of a slide gate being opened. Al2O3 and its composite inclusions were the main ones which cause the nozzle clogging during the CC process of the silicon steel. Ca-treatment could transform those high melting point inclusions into C12A7 by adding Si-Ca wires and prevent the ladle nozzle clogging of the silicon steel.
Macroeconomic Long-Run Effects of the German Minimum Wage when Labor Markets are Frictional
Authors: Braun Helge , Döhrn Roland , Krause Michael , Micheli Martin , Schmidt Torsten 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper analyzes the introduction of the German minimum wage in 2015 in a structural model geared to quantitatively assess its long-run economic effects. We first employ a simple neoclassic model where wages equal their marginal product, then extend this model to two sector economy, and finally introduce search and matching frictions. Even though all model variants remain highly stylized, they yield quantitative insights on the importance of different mechanisms and channels through which minimum wages affect outcomes in the long run. In this framework, the minimum wage has a strong negative effect on employment. When sectors are differently affected by the minimum wage, sectoral relative price changes play an important quantitative role. Other labor market policies and institutions are important for the transmission of minimum wage policy on labor market market outcomes.
Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) and dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis in patients with postherpetic neuralgia
Authors: Arican Sule , Hacibeyoglu Gulcin , Ulukaya Sinan Oguzhan , Avcioglu Gamze , Reisli Ruhiye , Uzun Sema Tuncer , Erel Ozcan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is an isotype of albumin that increases under oxidative stress, and plasma thiols are main defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to investigate thiol-disulfide homeostasis and serum IMA levels in postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) patients.

Methods
A total of 29 PHN patients and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. Serum total and native thiol concentrations and serum disulfide concentration were measured using the method described by Erel and Neselioglu. The albumin cobalt binding test was used to measure serum IMA levels.

Results
Serum IMA levels were 1.21 ± 0.58 AU and 0.75 ± 0.09 AU in the PHN and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Serum total thiol concentrations were found to be 421.62 ± 90.28 μmol/L and 598.36 ± 73.63 μmol/L in the PHN and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Serum native thiol concentrations were found to be 365.75 ± 92.07 μmol/L and 531.90 ± 72.9 μmol/L in the PHN and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Serum disulfide concentrations were found to be 33.23 ± 5.33 μmol/L and 27.93 ± 7.81 μmol/L in the PHN and control groups, respectively (p = 0.003). The native thiol/total thiol ratio was significantly lower, and the disulfide/total thiol and disulfide/native thiol ratios were significantly higher in the PHN group compared to the controls.

Conclusions
IMA levels are high and dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis is disrupted in PHN patients.
Promoting luminescence of Yb/Er codoped ferroelectric composite by polarization engineering for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Pan Er , Bai Gongxun , Peng Yutao , Chen Liang , Xu Shiqing 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Ferroelectric oxide nanocrystals, in combination with the robust coupling of an electric field with crystal structure symmetry, makes such systems agreeable to field-induced crystal structural transformation. The luminescent properties of rare earth ions are sensitive to the symmetry of the surrounding crystal field. The luminescence tuning of rare earth ions is an important assignment in the research of luminescent materials. However, the current conditional feasibility and reversibility in the exploration of luminescence modification remain major challenges. In this article, the luminescence modulation of rare earth ions has been developed in Yb3+/Er3+ codoped ferroelectrics glass ceramics containing Bi4Ti3O12 nanocrystals through an electric field. The inclusion of nanocrystals in the glass matrix greatly enhances the electrical resistance. Both upconversion and near-infrared emissions of rare earth ions are effectively enhanced more than twice via polarization engineering. The electric field regulates the photonic properties of rare earth ions with excellent reversibility and nonvolatility in ferroelectrics. The effective modification by electric field provides a new scheme for optical storage and optoelectronic devices.
Crystal structure of chlorido-(5-acetyl-2-(5-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzen-1-ido-κ2
C,N)-pyridine-κN-palladium(II), C19H17ClN2OPd
Authors: Lou Xin-Hua 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
C19H17ClN2OPd, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.0720(8) Å, b = 10.9390(10) Å, c = 17.9604(7) Å, β = 97.054(6)°, V = 1768.9(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0389, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0816, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of catena-{di-aqua-sodium [n-butyl(methyl)carbamothioyl]sulfanide}n, [C6H16NNaO2S2]n
Authors: Lo Kong Mun , Lee See Mun , Zaldi Nordiyana Binti , Hussen Rusnah Syahila Duali , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
[C6H16NNaO2S2]n, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 16.3469(2) Å, b = 5.7512(1) Å, c = 11.8647(1) Å, β = 91.046(1)°, V = 1115.27(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0212, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0562, T = 100(2) K.