bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early weight‐bearing following distal femur fracture fixation – a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Aebischer Andrea S. , Gouk Conor J. C. , Steer Richard 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe global standard of care for hip fracture surgery is early weight‐bearing, but this has not extended to other lower extremity fractures in the elderly. Patients undergoing fixation of distal femur fractures are often prescribed weight‐bearing restrictions, which may lead to deconditioning and other complications. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes and complication rates between patients permitted early versus restricted weight‐bearing following distal femur fracture fixation.MethodsMedline, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science databases were searched for English language articles up to 21 October 2023, identifying 366 studies for screening. Comparative studies evaluating patients undergoing distal femur fracture fixation with early or restricted weight‐bearing were included. Native knee and periprosthetic fractures were included.ResultsTen studies were included for analysis. Two studies provided Level II evidence, while the remaining eight studies provided Level III evidence. Cochrane risk of bias tools were utilized to assess study quality. Revision and complication rates were analyzed and reported as odds ratio. Sub‐analysis was undertaken to address the heterogeneity in author definitions of weight‐bearing. There was no statistically significant difference in the revision or complication rate between the two groups.ConclusionEarly weight‐bearing following distal femur fracture fixation in a predominantly elderly population does not demonstrate an increased rate of revision or complications compared to restricted weight‐bearing. However, there are limitations to the available literature, and the strength of the findings is insufficient to provide strong recommendations for all patients. Future studies should employ standardized definitions and avoid partial or time‐based restrictions.
A quantitative analysis of bestrophin 1 cellular localization in mouse cerebral cortex
Authors: Di Palma Michael , Koh Wuhyun , Lee C. Justin , Conti Fiorenzo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimCalcium‐activated ligand‐gated chloride channels, beyond their role in maintaining anion homeostasis, modulate neuronal excitability by facilitating nonvesicular neurotransmitter release. BEST1, a key member of this family, is permeable to γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. While astrocytic BEST1 is well‐studied and known to regulate neurotransmitter levels, its distribution and role in other brain cell types remain unclear. This study aimed to reassess the localization of BEST1 in the mouse cerebral cortex.MethodsWe examined the localization and distribution of BEST1 in the mouse parietal cortex using light microscopy, confocal double‐labeling with markers for astrocytes, neurons, microglia, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and 3D reconstruction techniques.ResultsIn the cerebral cortex, BEST1 is more broadly distributed than previously thought. Neurons are the second most abundant BEST1+ cell type in the cerebral cortex, following astrocytes. BEST1 is diffusely expressed in neuronal somatic and neuropilar domains and is present at glutamatergic and GABAergic terminals, with a prevalence at GABAergic terminals. We also confirmed that BEST1 is expressed in cortical microglia and identified it in oligodendrocyte precursor cells, albeit to a lesser extent.ConclusionsTogether, these findings suggest that BEST1's role in controlling neurotransmission may extend beyond astrocytes to include other brain cells. Understanding BEST1's function in these cells could offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms shaping cortical circuitry. Further research is needed to clarify the diverse roles of BEST1 in both normal and pathophysiological conditions.
The exploitation of silver deposits in early medieval Europe: some documentary, economic and social problems
Authors: Minvielle Larousse Nicolas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFocusing on Southern Europe, this article sheds light on the mining landscape of the early Middle Ages. Based on the current state of historical and archaeological knowledge, the article raises a number of questions that can be extended to other European regions. The documentary problem shows that the scarcity of sources is due to a less developed mining historiography of the early Middle Ages. The few references show that it was not a question of ignorance, nor of the terrain, nor of the potential, nor of the techniques, taking into account the work in Melle and in the Harz. The study of production from the angle of an economic problem forms the basis of a hypotheses for selective and centralized exploitation during the Carolingian period and of an unbridled mining boom from the early 11th century. Even with the current paucity of documentary evidence, it is reasonable to assume that early medieval societies did not choose to exploit all the resources available to them. Finally, there is the social question. Who was behind the work and trade in ingots? The model of elite dirigisme will be discussed and it will be suggested that the role of the elite be reduced in favour of other actors such as entrepreneurs. Finally, the article argues for the extension of archaeological research to production areas in order to date operations, establish reference systems for ores and read archaeological remains from a social perspective.
Discreet but diverse and specific: Determining plant‐herbivore interactions across a species‐rich plant family in a tropical rain forest
Authors: Santacruz Endara Paola G. , Lozinguez Alix , Valencia Renato , Queenborough Simon A. , Endara María‐José , Obando‐Tello Betzabet , Couvreur Thomas L. P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStudying plant–herbivore interactions within tropical rain forests is fundamental to understanding their ecology and evolution. An important aspect of plant–herbivore dynamics is the role of temporal and taxonomic variables in determining associations between herbivores and their host. Using the diverse and chemically rich plant family Annonaceae (Magnoliales), we conducted a year‐long study in Ecuador's Yasuní National Park in lowland Amazonia. We focused on nine understory tree species across a broad phylogenetic range within Annonaceae. For these species, we investigated patterns of herbivory, identified herbivores through DNA barcoding, and documented unique ant–butterfly associations. In general, leaf damage ranged from 0.09% to 25%, with significant temporal fluctuations for three species. Notably, Anaxagorea brevipes and Unonopsis veneficiorum faced higher herbivore pressure when compared to the other studied species. We document a discreet but diverse herbivore community, with 40 larvae from 12 Lepidoptera families collected throughout the year. Our findings identify, for the first time across a phylogenetically diverse sampling of Annonaceae, the specialization of herbivores on our focal species. Overall, our data provide valuable information on herbivory patterns at the local scale for this important rain forest plant family. Furthermore, these findings contribute to our understanding of the ecological processes that influence plant species diversity in tropical rain forests.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
PPM1G‐mediated TBL1X mRNA splicing promotes cell migration in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hu Liling , Shi Xinyu , Yuan Xiaoyi , Liu Danya , Zheng Dandan , Li Yuying , Shi Fujin , Zhang Meifang , Su Shu‐Guang , Zhang Chris Zhiyi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is coincident with aberrant splicing of numerous tumor‐related genes. Identification of the tumor‐specific splice variants that facilitate HCC metastasis may provide a more comprehensive insight into the mechanisms of HCC metastasis. Through RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses, PPM1G was identified as a biomarker associated with HCC metastasis. Our data mapped a transcriptome‐wide landscape of alternative splicing events modulated by PPM1G in HCC. Notably, we characterized the exon six‐skipping transcript of TBL1X as an onco‐splice variant regulated by PPM1G. Experimental validation revealed the enrichment of TBL1X‐S in response to PPM1G overexpression. Moreover, mRNA stability analyses revealed that PPM1G prolonged the half‐life of the TBL1X‐S transcript. Both PPM1G and TBL1X‐S exhibited metastasis‐promoting phenotypes, with PPM1G‐driven metastasis in HCC being partially dependent on TBL1X‐S. Mechanistically, different TBL1X splice variants showed varying affinities for ZEB1, with TBL1X‐S significantly enhancing ZEB1 activation and repressing CDH1 transcription, potentially accelerating the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. In conclusion, our study highlights the biological role of PPM1G and TBL1X‐S in tumor metastasis. The PPM1G/TBL1X‐S signaling axis presents a new view for investigating liver cancer metastasis mechanisms.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Association Between Sex Hormones and Body Mass Components Among Men Adults: Results From a Large Population‐Based Study
Authors: Liu Xing , Zhou Xianghong , Zhang Zilong , Su Xingyang , Zeng Bin , Li Yifan , Qiu Shi , Yang Lu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAs the human body ages, adverse body composition status such as sarcopenia and obesity become obvious phenotypes which can cause numerous health problems. We aimed to comprehensively investigate the association of sex hormones and body mass components in adult men of various age groups.MethodsWe analysed national representative population data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Generalized linear model regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between sex hormones (total testosterone [TT], bio‐available testosterone [BT], sex hormone‐binding globulin [SHBG], estradiol [E2] and testosterone to estradiol ratio [T/E ratio]) and body mass components (weight, body mass index (BMI), total lean mass, appendicular lean mass, bone mineral content, total fat and trunk fat). The collection and testing time of blood samples were not fixed and there was no strict fasting, but in subsequent analysis we used statistical methods to minimize the impact of random testing.ResultsAfter screening for inclusion and exclusion, 3759 male participants aged 20–85 years old were included in this study. Higher levels of TT, SHBG, BT and T/E ratios were significantly associated with higher total lean mass, appendicular lean mass and bone mineral content, while lower weight, BMI, total fat and trunk fat. For E2 levels in men, we found an opposite trend, with higher E2 levels significantly associated with lower total lean mass and appendicular lean mass, and higher weight, BMI, total fat and trunk fat. Notably, in subgroup analysis, the results showed that there were significant interaction effects of age and smoking history in the association between sex hormones and body mass components.ConclusionHigher TT levels, BT levels, SHBG levels and T/E ratios are associated with lower body weight and improved body composition in young adult men (characterized by higher lean body mass, higher bone density and lower fat mass). The relationship is especially pronounced among relatively young, nonsmoking men.
Alveolar Ridge Regeneration With Open Versus Closed Healing in Damaged Extraction Sockets: A Preclinical In Vivo Study
Authors: Choi Jae‐Won , Park Jin‐Young , Cha Jae‐Kook , Hieu Pham‐Duong , Jung Hwi‐Dong , Kim Chang‐Sung 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare open versus closed healing of soft and hard tissue following alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) procedures in damaged extraction sockets.Materials and MethodsARP was performed in five mongrel dogs using collagenated deproteinized bovine bone mineral (cDBBM) and a resorbable non‐cross‐linked collagen membrane (NCCM) in damaged extraction sockets, with each socket entrance left either open (open group) or closed (closed group). Clinical wound epithelization at the socket entrance and the dimensions of keratinized tissue were evaluated over time. Additionally, the augmented ridge dimensions and new bone formation were assessed radiographically and histologically at 8 weeks after surgery.ResultsThe dimensions of the socket entrance gradually decreased in the open group, and wound epithelization was almost complete within 4 weeks. The mucogingival junction was maintained more apically in the open group than in the closed group (0.14 ± 0.40 mm vs. −0.86 ± 0.71 mm [mean ± SD], p < 0.05). The augmented ridge dimensions did not differ significantly between the open and closed groups (93.1% ± 5.4% vs. 88.3% ± 11.2%, p > 0.05). Histological analyses revealed no significant differences in the amount of newly formed bone. However, membrane resorption in the crestal region was more pronounced in the open group.ConclusionOpen and closed healing approaches for ARP in extraction sockets with damaged buccal wall resulted in similar ridge dimensions and new bone formation. However, there was less reduction of the buccal bone crest and wider keratinized tissue width after open healing.
Transition from fetal to postnatal state in the heart: Crosstalk between metabolism and regeneration
Authors: Sada Tai , Kimura Wataru 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Myocardial injury resulting from ischemia can be fatal because of the limited regenerative capacity of adult myocardium. Mammalian cardiomyocytes rapidly lose their proliferative capacities, with only a small fraction of adult myocardium remaining proliferative, which is insufficient to support post‐injury recovery. Recent investigations have revealed that this decline in myocardial proliferative capacity is closely linked to perinatal metabolic shifts. Predominantly glycolytic fetal myocardial metabolism transitions towards mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation postnatally, which not only enables efficient production of ATP but also causes a dramatic reduction in cardiomyocyte proliferative capacity. Extensive research has elucidated the mechanisms behind this metabolic shift, as well as methods to modulate these metabolic pathways. Some of these methods have been successfully applied to enhance metabolic reprogramming and myocardial regeneration. This review discusses recently acquired insights into the interplay between metabolism and myocardial proliferation, emphasizing postnatal metabolic transitions.
Dietary potassium intake and its interaction with sodium intake on risk of developing cardiovascular disease in persons with type 2 diabetes: The Japan Diabetes Complication and its Prevention Prospective study (JDCP study 12)
Authors: Horikawa Chika , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Katakami Naoto , Takeda Yasunaga , Takeuchi Mizuki , Fujihara Kazuya , Suzuki Hiroaki , Yoshioka Narihito , Shimano Hitoshi , Satoh Jo , Hayashino Yasuaki , Tajima Naoko , Nishimura Rimei , Yamasaki Yoshimitsu , Sone Hirohito 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsMany guidelines recommend increases in potassium intake. However, the relationship of dietary potassium intake with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been examined in those with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), including sodium acting antagonistically with potassium. We investigated these relationships in Japanese patients with T2DM.Materials and MethodsThe investigation was part of the JDCP study, a nationwide prospective study begun in 2007. Analysed were 1477 persons with T2DM, 40–75 years of age, who completed a brief‐type, self‐administered Diet History Questionnaire at baseline. Primary outcome was a CVD event during the follow‐up median 7 years (3.9–8.1 years). Hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD were estimated by Cox regression adjusted for confounders of daily potassium intake categorized by tertiles. Tertiles of sodium intake were also analysed.ResultsMean daily potassium intake in tertiles was 1877, 2627 and 3532 mg, respectively, and significant associations were not shown between potassium intake and incidence of CVD. When HRs for CVD were stratified for potassium intake in tertiles (reference group, bottom tertile) and sodium intake (reference group, bottom tertile), potassium intake in the bottom tertile and sodium intake in the second and top tertiles were associated with significantly elevated HR for CVD (2.79 [1.02–7.63] and 3.92 [1.30–11.79], respectively).ConclusionsLow potassium intake in conjunction with high sodium intake was significantly associated with increased incident CVD in persons with T2DM. However, CVD incidence was not related to high potassium intake, regardless of sodium intake.
Visual symptoms in postural tachycardia syndrome: An investigation of position‐dependent visual exploration
Authors: Rodriguez Belén , Pantano Lynn , Nef Tobias , Müri René M. , Z'Graggen Werner J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposePatients with postural tachycardia syndrome report position‐dependent visual symptoms. Despite their impact on daily life, these symptoms have remained largely unexplored in research. The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of visual symptoms in postural tachycardia syndrome and possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.MethodsFifteen patients with postural tachycardia syndrome and 15 healthy controls were included in the study. Through a comprehensive array of measurements, including haemodynamics, subjective symptom assessments, eye movement tracking and pupil diameter analysis, participants were assessed during free image exploration in both supine and 60° head‐up tilt positions.ResultsDuring head‐up tilt, patients showed a decreased number and duration of fixations, as well as a decreased number, peak velocity and amplitude of saccades compared to the supine position and the control group. This reduction in visual exploration occurred primarily in the peripheral field of view and coincided with the occurrence of subjective visual symptoms. No significant differences in the saccade main sequence were observed between the two groups in either body position.ConclusionsPatients with postural tachycardia syndrome have a reduced exploration of the peripheral field of view when in an upright body position, potentially leading to tunnel vision. Since the normality of the saccade main sequence in patients combined with the focus on the centre of the field of view and the lower saccade amplitudes points to an intact brainstem function, the decrease in peripheral visual exploration may be attributed to a position‐dependent dysfunction of the frontal eye field.
Bond strength of resin‐based restorative materials to fast‐setting calcium silicate cement using different resin adhesive systems
Authors: Ranjkesh Bahram , Kopperud Hilde M. , Løvschall Henrik 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study assessed the bond strength of resin‐based restorative materials to fast‐setting calcium silicate cement (Aarhus Uinversity, Denmark) when treated with each of two one‐bottle universal adhesive systems. The cement surface (N = 256) was treated with a self‐priming adhesive and a self‐etch phosphate monomer‐containing adhesive with and without etching of the cement surface. Specimens then received either resin composite or compomer restorative materials (n = 32). The bond strength was measured after 1 day and 1500 thermocycles (n = 16). The failure type was visually inspected. The cement‐adhesive‐restorative material interface was visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Restorative material type, resin adhesive system, and thermocycling had a statistically significant effect on the bond strength. Compomer restorative material and self‐etch universal adhesive system demonstrated statistically significantly higher bond strength values to fast‐setting calcium silicate cement, predominantly exhibiting cement cohesive failure. Etching the cement surface enhanced the bond strength of the self‐priming universal adhesive. Thermocycling significantly reduced the bond strength. SEM showed self‐etch universal adhesive seemingly diffused over the etched cement surface compared to other groups. Self‐etch phosphate monomer‐containing universal adhesive and compomer resulted in the highest bond strength to fast‐setting calcium silicate cement.
Relational ethics in immigrant families: The contextual therapy five‐dimensional framework
Authors: Glebova Tatiana , Lal Arpita , Gangamma Rashmi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractContextual family therapy offers a unique explanatory and clinically valuable framework to address complex multigenerational processes in families of immigrants who experience cumulative migration‐related traumas. In this paper, we offer a new extended, specific conceptualization of immigrant families' generational dynamics using existing literature within the five‐dimensional contextual therapy framework illustrated with a clinical example. We highlight the importance of social and relational justice, loyalty, entitlement, and parentification in transgenerational processes in addressing manifestations of these traumas that are frequently overlooked in clinical practice with different generations of immigrant families. Clinical guiding principles include acknowledgment of the social nature of situational injustices and their consequences for relational justices, exploration of loyalty conflicts (familial, cultural, and national), active dialogue of mutual care, exoneration, and stimulating constructive entitlement through active giving. This paper contributes to further development of contextual therapy theory and provides practical guidance for clinicians working with international migrants including second and third generations.
Investigation of Fatigue Mechanics and Crack Evolution Characteristics of Jointed Specimens Under Cyclic Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Chen Miao , Liu Zihao , Wang Xiaoshan , Zheng Jiangbo , Yang Liu , Bai Feng , Zang Chuanwei 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTNonpersistent joints are prevalent in engineering rock masses and are sensitive to cyclic loads induced by geological movements and engineering disturbances. Therefore, studying the fatigue mechanisms of rock masses with nonpersistent joints under cyclic compressive loads is crucial for ensuring the rational design and long‐term stability of rock engineering structures. Based on laboratory experiments, this study employed the discrete element method to create specimens with different nonpersistent joints, and uniaxial compressive cyclic loading tests were conducted on these specimens with different maximum cyclic stress levels. The results show that the joint inclination significantly affects the characteristics of jointed rock, such as deformation modulus, irreversible strain, energy evolution, and crack characteristics. Increasing the maximum stress in the stress path results in a rapid release of hysteretic energy in the jointed regions of the rock, which leads to an exponential decrease in fatigue life while an increase in initial irreversible strain, final irreversible strain, and hysteretic energy density. Additionally, the shear fracture zones on both sides of the model expand, and the propagation and merging of cracks between joints become more extensive and complex. The results are significant for studying rock fatigue instability and structure engineering design.