bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy optimization design-based multi-level response surface of bogie frame
Authors: Zhi Pengpeng , Li Yonghua , Chen Bingzhi , Li Meng , Liu Guannan 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
In a structural optimization design-based single-level response surface, the number of optimal variables is too much, which not only increases the number of experiment times, but also reduces the fitting accuracy of the response surface. In addition, the uncertainty of the optimal variables and their boundary conditions makes the optimal solution difficult to obtain. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method of fuzzy optimization design-based multi-level response surface to deal with the problem.

Design/methodology/approach
The main optimal variables are determined by Monte Carlo simulation, and are classified into four levels according to their sensitivity. The linear membership function and the optimal level cut set method are applied to deal with the uncertainties of optimal variables and their boundary conditions, as well as the non-fuzzy processing is carried out. Based on this, the response surface function of the first-level design variables is established based on the design of experiments. A combinatorial optimization algorithm is developed to compute the optimal solution of the response surface function and bring the optimal solution into the calculation of the next level response surface, and so on. The objective value of the fourth-level response surface is an optimal solution under the optimal design variables combination.

Findings
The results show that the proposed method is superior to the traditional method in computational efficiency and accuracy, and improves 50.7 and 5.3 percent, respectively.

Originality/value
Most of the previous work on optimization was based on single-level response surface and single optimization algorithm, without considering the uncertainty of design variables. There are very few studies which discuss the optimization efficiency and accuracy of multiple design variables. This research illustrates the importance of uncertainty factors and hierarchical surrogate models for multi-variable optimization design.
A hybrid multi-criteria decision-making model for optimal coal blending
Authors: Chakraborty Shankar , Mitra Ankan 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is thus to develop a hybrid decision-making model for optimal coal blending strategy. Coal is one of the major resources contributing to generation of electricity and anthropogenic carbon-dioxide emission. Being formed from dead plant matter, it undergoes a series of morphological changes from peat to lignite, and finally to anthracite. Because of non-uniform distribution of coal over the whole earth and continuous variation in its compositions, coals mined from different parts of the world have widely varying properties. Hence, it requires an ideal blending strategy such that the coking coal having the optimal combination of all of its properties can be used for maximum benefit to the steel making process.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a multi-criteria decision-making approach is proposed while integrating preference ranking organization method for enrichment of evaluations (PROMETHEE II and V) and geometrical analysis for interactive aid (GAIA) method to aid in formulating an optimal coal blending strategy. The optimal decision is arrived at while taking into account some practical implications associated with blending of coal, such as coal price from different reserves.

Findings
Different grades of coal are ranked from the best to the worst to find out the composition of constituent coals in the final blending process. Coals from the mines of two different geographical regions are considered here so as to prove the applicability of the proposed model. Adoption of this hybrid decision-making model would subsequently improve the performance of coal after blending and help in addressing some sustainability issues, like less pollution.

Originality/value
As this model takes into account the purchase price of coals from different reserves, it is always expected to provide more realistic solutions. Thus, it would be beneficial to deploy this decision-making model to different blending optimization problems in other spheres of a manufacturing industry. This model can further accommodate some more realistic criteria, such as availability of coal in different reserves as a topic of future research work.
‘Zeal and Patriotism’: Forging Identity in the Irish Militia, 1793‐1802
Authors: McDonnell Ciarán 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Irish Militia, formed in 1793 to defend Ireland from French invasion, represented almost two‐thirds of the British garrison in Ireland during the French Revolutionary Wars. The Irish Militia was also significant as it was a coming together of the upper‐class Anglo‐Irish Protestant military tradition, represented by the officer corps, and the Catholic majority, who filled the ranks. This article explores how successfully or unsuccessfully these competing Irish identities came together in the Donegal Regiment of Militia, examining how the officers overcame challenges and fostered a regimental identity that was capable of weathering the violence of the 1798 rebellion.
Saccade latencies during a preferential looking task and objective scoring of grating acuity in children with and without visual impairments
Authors: Barsingerhorn Annemiek D. , Boonstra F. Nienke , Goossens Jeroen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeWe determined the latencies of orienting responses during a preferential looking task in children with normal vision and in children with visual impairments between 6 and 12 years old, and assessed the feasibility of scoring grating detection in these populations with video‐based eye tracking.MethodsChildren performed a computerized preferential looking test, while a remote eye tracker measured the children's eye movements. The stimuli consisted of a 2 × 2 grid, with three uniform grey fields and one target field consisting of a black‐and‐white square wave grating. The grating was presented randomly at one of the four locations. The spatial frequencies (1.05, 2.11 and 7.02 cyc/deg) were randomly interleaved, with 10 trials per spatial frequency. Three different methods were used to score the accuracy of the responses: (1) primary saccade ends on target, (1) gaze 50% of the presentation time on target, and (3) a combination of method 1 and 2 (i.e. primary saccade ends on target, and/or gaze 50% of the presentation time on target).ResultsThe combined scoring method was most reliable to determine whether children could resolve the gratings. Children with visual impairments had significantly lower accuracies than children with normal vision with all three scoring methods. In addition, saccade latencies decreased with age and were significantly longer (62 ± 15 ms) in children with visual impairments.ConclusionThe use of eye tracking to assess grating detection with a preferential looking task in clinical populations provides valuable additional information, including objective detection measures and developmental delays in saccade latencies.
Examining teachers’ ratings of feedback following success and failure: a study of Chinese English teachers
Authors: Skipper Yvonne , Douglas Karen M. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundPrevious research has explored the impact of different types of praise and criticism on how children experience success and failure. However, less is known about how teachers choose to deliver feedback and specifically whether they deliver person (ability) or process (effort) feedback.AimThe aim of the current study was to use vignettes to explore how teachers would deliver feedback following success and failure.SampleThe sample consisted of Chinese Primary school English teachers (N = 169).MethodParticipants read vignettes depicting children's educational successes and failures. They rated their perceptions of task difficulty, likelihood of giving feedback, and likelihood of giving both person and process forms of feedback. They also completed measures of whether they viewed intelligence as fixed or malleable.ResultsResults suggested that teachers stated that they would be more likely to give praise than criticism and would be more likely to give feedback for tasks perceived to be more challenging than easy. Following success, teachers endorsed the use of person and process feedback interchangeably, while following failure they endorsed more process feedback. Finally, teachers’ understanding of intelligence was also associated with feedback delivery. If teachers believed that intelligence was fixed (vs. something that can be developed), they said that they were more likely to give more person and process praise, but following failure gave more process feedback.ConclusionThe current research gives insight into how teachers give feedback, and how perceived task difficulty and teachers’ views of intelligence can influence these choices. Further research is needed to understand why teachers may make these decisions.
Cautioning against overemphasis of normative constructs in conservation decision making
Authors: Yanco Esty , Nelson Michael Paul , Ramp Daniel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractQuestions around how to conserve nature are increasingly leading to dissonance in conservation planning and action. While science can assist in unraveling the nature of conservation challenges, conservation responses rely heavily on normative positions and constructs to order actions, aid interpretations, and provide motivation. However, problems can arise when norms are mistaken for science or when they stymy scientific rigor. To highlight these potential pitfalls, we used the ethics‐based tool of argument analysis to assess a controversial conservation intervention, the Pelorus Island Goat Control Program. The program proponents' argument for restorative justice was unsound because it relied on weak logical construction overly entrenched in normative assumptions. Overreliance on normative constructs, particularly the invocation of tragedy, creates a sense of urgency that can subvert scientific and ethical integrity, obscure values and assumptions, and increase the propensity for flawed logic. This example demonstrates how the same constructs that drive biodiversity conservation can also drive poor decision making, spur public backlash, and justify poor animal welfare outcomes. To provide clarity, a decision‐making flowchart we devised demonstrates how values, norms, and ethics influence one another. We recommend practitioners follow 3 key points to improve decision making: be aware of values, as well as normative constructs and ethical theories that those values inform; be mindful of overreliance on either normative constructs or ethics when deciding action is justified; and be logically sound and transparent when building justifications. We also recommend 5 key attributes that practitioners should be attentive to when making conservation decisions: clarity, transparency, scientific integrity, adaptiveness, and compassion. Greater attention to the role of norms in decision making will improve conservation outcomes and garner greater public support for actions.
The dimensionality of stability depends on disturbance type
Authors: Radchuk Viktoriia , Laender Frederik De , Cabral Juliano Sarmento , Boulangeat Isabelle , Crawford Michael , Bohn Friedrich , Raedt Jonathan De , Scherer Cédric , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Thonicke Kirsten , Schurr Frank M. , Grimm Volker , Kramer‐Schadt Stephanie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEcosystems respond in various ways to disturbances. Quantifying ecological stability therefore requires inspecting multiple stability properties, such as resistance, recovery, persistence and invariability. Correlations among these properties can reduce the dimensionality of stability, simplifying the study of environmental effects on ecosystems. A key question is how the kind of disturbance affects these correlations. We here investigated the effect of three disturbance types (random, species‐specific, local) applied at four intensity levels, on the dimensionality of stability at the population and community level. We used previously parameterized models that represent five natural communities, varying in species richness and the number of trophic levels. We found that disturbance type but not intensity affected the dimensionality of stability and only at the population level. The dimensionality of stability also varied greatly among species and communities. Therefore, studying stability cannot be simplified to using a single metric and multi‐dimensional assessments are still to be recommended.
Chronic pain is underestimated and undertreated in dialysis patients: A retrospective case study
Authors: Kliuk‐Ben Bassat Orit , Brill Silviu , Sharon Haggai 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSignificant chronic pain is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease patients and is associated with morbidity and mortality. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the incidence and treatment of pain in the dialysis unit of our tertiary referral center. The cohort included 147 patients. Over 66% reported significant (VAS >40) chronic pain during the preceding 3 months, most often characterized as stabbing (38%) and with concurrent itching (44%). Only 33% of patients received chronic pain medications, while 55.6% of patients with severe pain and 45.9% with pain characterized as the worst imaginable did not receive any analgesics. Pregabalin or weak opioids were the most frequently used. In conclusion, chronic pain is highly prevalent and markedly undertreated in dialysis patients, despite its significant adverse impact.
DAVID CARR'S THEORY OF EXPERIENCING TIMES PAST
Authors: SPIEGEL GABRIELLE M. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThis article is a review of David Carr's “Reflections on Temporal Perspective” in which Carr argues that present‐day historians or philosophers can experience the past, given that the past persists into the present and thus has a “presence” in contemporary life that makes it directly accessible to us. On that basis, Carr seeks to craft a phenomenological approach to history that puts experience in the place of representation and memory, rejecting thereby traditional notions of how we come to know and understand the past. Inherent in this approach is a new, and now widely shared, revision of our understanding of historical temporality, for such an experiencing of the past analytically demands a revised understanding of what “past” signifies when it is “present.” In this, Carr participates in a much broader movement in current historiography, which can be seen in the work of Frank Ankersmit, Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Dominick LaCapra, Ewa Domanska, Eelco Runia, and others who focus on the persistence of the past in the present, embracing a materialist rather than linguistic or narrativist approach to historical research and writing.But if history signifies change over time, what “past” in the present do we actually experience? How is it logically possible to embrace both a commitment to the notion of historical development—as Carr does—and a notion of historical perseverance so powerful that the past as such survives and can be experienced? Carr's answer to this query is that “the present point of view is somehow permanent and yet always changing, framed at each moment by a different past and future.” What makes this possible, in his view, is the reality of superimposed temporalities, an idea he illustrates in his analysis of Braudel's La Mediterranée and other works. Hence it is precisely his “reflections on temporal perspective” that enable the experience of the past.
Critical role of Lin28‐TNFR2 signalling in cardiac stem cell activation and differentiation
Authors: Xiang Qiuling , Yang Bicheng , Li Li , Qiu Bin , Qiu Caihong , Gao Xiao‐Bing , Zhou Huanjiao (Jenny) , Min Wang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTumour necrotic factor receptor‐2 (TNFR2) has been to be cardiac‐protective and is expressed in cardiac progenitor cells. Our goal is to define the mechanism for TNFR2‐mediated cardiac stem cell activation and differentiation. By employing a protocol of in vitro cardiac stem cell (CSC) differentiation from human inducible pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC), we show that expression of TNFR2 precedes expression of CSC markers followed by expression of mature cardiomyocyte proteins. Activation of TNFR2 by a specific agonist promotes whereas inhibition of TNFR2 by neutralizing antibody diminishes hiPSC‐based CSC differentiation. Interestingly, pluripotent cell factor RNA‐binding protein Lin28 enhances TNFR2 protein expression in early CSC activation by directly binding to a conserved Lin28‐motif within the 3'UTR of Tnfr2 mRNA. Furthermore, inhibition of Lin28 blunts TNFR2 expression and TNFR2‐dependent CSC activation and differentiation. Our study demonstrates a critical role of Lin28‐TNFR2 axis in CSC activation and survival, providing a novel strategy to enhance stem cell‐based therapy for the ischaemic heart diseases.
Efficacy and safety of systemic treatments in psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review, meta‐analysis and GRADE evaluation
Authors: Dressler C. , Eisert L. , Pham P.A. , Nast A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTwenty per cent of patients with plaque psoriasis also have psoriatic arthritis – a disease affecting joints and entheses. Different treatment options exist but currently no succinct systematic overview exists. A systematic review of approved systemic treatments for psoriatic arthritis was conducted. We systematically searched in three databases (last update September 2017). Data were extracted for ACR20/50, HAQ‐DI, SF‐36 and adverse/serious adverse events after 16–24 weeks. We assessed the quality of evidence using GRADE. Twenty trials were included. Three trials compared two active substances. Results for ACR20 were infliximab + methotrexate vs. methotrexate: RR 1.40 (95% CI 1.07–1.84) very low quality evidence; ixekizumab Q2W vs. adalimumab Q2W: RR 1.08 (95% CI 0.86–1.36) very low quality, leflunomide vs. methotrexate: RR 1.01, (95% CI 0.84–1.21) low quality. Eighteen drug vs. placebo comparisons were included. For ACR20/50, HAQ‐DI and SF‐36, the active treatment was efficacious and the quality of the evidence was mostly moderate to low (15 of 18 comparisons). The quality of evidence for (serious) adverse events was mostly low; differences were rare. In three placebo‐controlled comparisons, leflunomide, MTX and sulfasalazine failed to show statistical superiority for ACR. Besides the established treatment of anti‐TNF antibodies and ustekinumab for psoriatic arthritis, the newer treatment options of IL17 antibodies and apremilast are also effective for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis. Based on just one comparative trial and one drug each, the new class of anti‐IL 17 antibodies appears to be equally effective as the group of anti‐TNF antibodies; for apremilast, this is yet unclear.
Thermal kinetics of enzyme inactivation, color changes, and allicin degradation of garlic under blanching treatments
Authors: Huang Zhi , Zhou Quan , Wu Wei‐Liang , Wan Jun , Jiang Ai‐Min 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBlanching is a feasible and effective method widely applied to prevent greening in garlic puree. However, this processing may cause the physical and chemical changes in garlic puree. Therefore, an investigation was carried out to systematically explore the effects of hot water blanching on enzyme inactivation (alliinase and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, GGT), discoloration, allicin degradation, and antioxidant capacity of garlic puree. The results showed that the inactivation of alliinase and GGT was strongly dependent on blanching temperature and time. Garlic puree turned into white when blanched at 80°C for 5 min or at 90°C for 4 min, with a* value of −3.24 ± 0.11, −2.80 ± 0.43, respectively. The inactivation kinetics of alliinase and GGT followed a first‐order reaction, as well as the kinetic of green discoloration. However, allicin content was dropped by 71, 80, and 85% after blanching for 5 min at 70, 80, and 90°C, respectively. A decline in the antioxidant capacity of garlic treated by blanching was also observed. The current findings indicated that blanching could contribute to inhabit garlic greening but had negative effects on the nutritional ingredients of garlic puree.Practical applicationsGarlic is prone to greening when processed into garlic puree, garlic juice and other products. The occurrence of greening seriously hindered the further processing of garlic. Blanching is an effective and feasible method to prevent greening in garlic puree. In this study, the effects of blanching on enzyme inactivation, color changes, allicin degradation and antioxidant capacity of garlic puree were studied. This study provides a theoretical basis for the deep processing of garlic.
Lifetime super‐resolution optical fluctuation imaging
Authors: ZENG ZHIPING , MA JING , CHEN XUANZE , XU CANHUA 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a promising super‐resolution imaging scheme in fluorescence lifetime domain (lifetime super‐resolution optical fluctuation imaging, ltSOFI). ltSOFI has the potential to obtain super‐resolution images by taking advantage of fluorescence lifetime blinking under wide‐field lifetime detection. The proof‐of‐concept for ltSOFI was demonstrated through numerical simulation of high‐order cumulant analysis on fluorescence lifetime blinking emitters. As a tentative experimental demonstration, we obtained super‐resolution lifetime imaging from time‐lapse FLIM recording of HeLa cells expressing a cAMP sensor using ltSOFI method. ltSOFI is expected to initiate a new dimension in the lifetime domain for blinking‐based super‐resolution microscopy.Lay DescriptionWe report on a promising super‐resolution imaging scheme in fluorescence lifetime domain (lifetime super‐resolution optical fluctuation imaging, ltSOFI). ltSOFI has the potential to obtain super‐resolution images by taking advantage of fluorescence lifetime blinking under wide‐field lifetime detection. Past advances in super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy primarily rely on the spatiotemporal modulation of the fluorescence intensity. Although the applications of the Q‐dot blinking have been discussed in the literature, most of the discussions have focused on the blinking of fluorescence intensity. Few studies have shown the possibility of super‐resolution imaging through fluorescence lifetime fluctuations. In this paper, we proposed the ltSOFI scheme that explored the possibility of super‐resolution reconstruction from the blinking of fluorescence lifetime. The proof‐of‐concept for ltSOFI was demonstrated through numerical simulation of high‐order cumulant analysis on fluorescence lifetime blinking emitters. As a tentative experimental demonstration, we obtained super‐resolution lifetime imaging from time‐lapse FLIM recording of HeLa cells expressing a cAMP sensor using ltSOFI method. The ltSOFI method is expected to initiate a new dimension in the lifetime domain for blinking‐based super‐resolution microscopy. Moreover, the existing fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and super‐resolution nanoscopy can benefit from the implementation of ltSOFI to significantly improve the imaging spatial resolution of fluorescence lifetime images. In addition, the proof‐of‐concept demonstration achieved by the numerical simulation and tentative experiment will provide a new perspective for obtaining fluorescence lifetime images with much finer details.