bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mating genotypes and susceptibility profiles of clinical isolates of Candida glabrata from Turkey
Authors: Kaplan Engin , Aktaş Deniz , Önder Şükran , Metin Banu , Döğen Aylin , Oz Yasemin , Ilkit Macit 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe sexual cycle of Candida glabrata is not known; however, genomic evidence is indicative of recombination among subpopulations and the genome harbours genes necessary for undergoing mating and meiosis, which may increase fitness. The relationship between specific mating type‐like (MTL) loci and antifungal susceptibility is not well understood in C. glabrata. We investigated different combinations of clinical C. glabrata isolate mating types and their antifungal susceptibility profiles. Allele profiles of the mating genes of 103 clinical C. glabrata isolates were identified, and their antifungal susceptibility to azoles, echinocandins and amphotericin B were compared. The majority (88.3%) of screened isolates harboured the a allele in the locus. The MTL1, MTL2 and MTL3 loci harboured a (88.3%), a (95.1%), and α (71.8%) alleles, respectively. The C. glabrata isolates were susceptible to echinocandins but displayed high minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for azoles. The MIC ranges and MIC90 values of all isolates were 1.0 to ≥64 and 8.0 μg mL−1 for fluconazole, 0.06 to ≥16.0 and 0.5 μg mL−1 for voriconazole, 0.06 to ≥16.0 and 1.0 μg mL−1 for posaconazole, ≤0.015 to 0.06, and 0.03 μg mL−1 for caspofungin, ≤0.015 to 0.06 and 0.015 μg mL−1 for anidulafungin and 0.5‐2 and 2.0 μg mL−1 for amphotericin B, respectively. The mating gene alleles of the clinical C. glabrata isolates were not associated with differences in the MICs of the tested antifungals, except for the MTL3 α‐allele and echinocandins. The mating genotypes of the clinical C. glabrata isolates had no recognisable common effect on antifungal susceptibility.
Enhancing our understanding of small bowel function using modern imaging techniques
Authors: Spiller Robin , Hoad Caroline 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSmall intestinal function is critical to digestive health and patients believe an abnormal reaction to food is responsible for many of their symptoms. Despite this, our ability to assess disturbed function in clinical practice has been limited, particularly after ingestion of the complex nutrients which make up normal food. Recent advances in both wireless capsules and magnetic resonance imaging have provided new insights. This review will briefly describe the limitations of past techniques and focus on how these newer techniques are changing our understanding, particularly of how patients' gastrointestinal tracts respond to food.
Niven and Scott (2003): Sixteen years of hindsight
Authors: Scott P. Anne 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper revisits a 2003 publication in Nursing Philosophy: The need for accurate perception and informed judgement in determining the appropriate use of the nursing resource: hearing the patient's voice. The author suggests that the basic ideas and focus of this 16‐year‐old paper are still topical and relevant in considerations of nursing care. However, it is also suggested that greater attention to the importance of the nurse–patient relationship in considerations of resource allocation, and potential rationing of nursing care, would have strengthened the original paper.
Reading concept analysis: Why Draper has a point
Authors: Paley John 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPeter Draper has offered a critique of concept analysis in nursing, suggesting that many concept analysis studies can be regarded as low‐grade literature reviews. Although I will argue en passant that he was right, defending Draper is not my main concern in this paper. Instead, I undertake a close reading of a single study, and identify a series of puzzles about what it says. The puzzles pertain to the distinction between concept and phenomenon; the function of definition; discriminating between the concept of interest and other concepts; how defining attributes are derived; in what sense concept analysis clarifies the concept; whether concept analysis can adjudicate current debates; the role of model cases. The point is to show how a precise and detailed interrogation of this kind sets an agenda of questions which can be asked about other examples of the same genre. The approach gives rise to concerns about the politics of reading in the current academic environment, and I refer to these concerns briefly at the end.
Authentic intention: Tempering the dehumanizing aspects of technology on behalf of good nursing care
Authors: Cuchetti Catherine , Grace Pamela J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe nursing profession has a responsibility to ensure that nursing goals and perspectives as these have developed over time remain the focus of its work. Explored in this paper is the potential problem for the nursing profession of recognizing both the promises and pitfalls of informational technologies so as to use them wisely in behalf of ethical patient care. We make a normative claim that maintaining a critical stance toward the use of informational technologies in practice and in influencing the thought patterns of the younger generations of nurses is a moral imperative of the discipline, because without this practice can become subverted from professional goals in various ways. We use a synthesized concept we call “intentional authenticity” derived from the writing of Heidegger and Feminist care ethics to provide a foundation for the development of nurses who understand the importance of the nurse‐patient relationship and how the unthoughtful use of informational and other technologies can militate against effective or good nursing care.
Linear amyopathic dermatomyositis with calcinosis cutis responsive to topical sodium thiosulfate
Authors: Topham Christina , Haynes Dylan , Frigerio Alice , Hull Christopher 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA case of a 15‐year‐old male patient with a 3‐year history of linear, segmental amyopathic dermatomyositis with calcinosis cutis is presented. The calcinosis was recalcitrant to treatment with topical steroids and hydroxychloroquine. Topical 10% sodium thiosulfate use for 8 weeks resulted in improvement. The use of topical sodium thiosulfate for patients in whom surgical extraction is not an option is detailed.
Exogenous Effects of Paths of Institutional Change and Adaptive Informal Institutions in China and North Korea
Authors: Lee Kayeon 
Published: May 2019

China and North Korea's communist parties initially built their institutions with Soviet economic aid. Though these institutions facilitated the process of solidifying one‐party rule in China and North Korea, the two countries’ marketization has taken a different path. Unlike China, which had managed a gradual and stable marketization process, changes in North Korea's economic system have been driven by several unintended—but related—domestic factors such as a weakened central rationing system, the proliferation of black markets, and a weakened national pricing system. North Korea has attempted to absorb its informal markets into formal ones through some measures, but it has repeatedly returned to employing market control mechanisms. This article seeks to explain why the two socialist countries, China and North Korea, which were both receiving political and economic support from the Soviet Union when they established their respective institutions, pursue such different paths of institutional reform.Related ArticlesByrne, Caitlin. 2017. “Introduction to the Special Issue: Recasting Soft Power for the Indo‐Pacific.”Politics & Policy45 (5): 684‐705.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12224Cho, Sungik, and Yool Choi. 2017. “Convergent or Divergent? The Hidden Dynamics of Institutional Changes in the Labor Markets and Social Welfare Systems in South Korea and Japan.”Politics & Policy45 (4): 594‐625.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12208Holbig, Heike, and Bruce Gilley. 2010. “Reclaiming Legitimacy in China.”Politics & Policy38 (3): 395‐422.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2010.00241.x
Managing the Risk of Aggressive Dog Behavior: Investigating the Influence of Owner Threat and Efficacy Perceptions
Authors: Williams Emma J. , Blackwell Emily 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAggressive behavior in pet dogs is a serious problem for dog owners across the globe, with bite injuries representing a serious risk to both people and other dogs. The effective management of aggressive behavior in dogs represents a challenging and controversial issue. Although positive reinforcement training methods are now considered to be the most effective and humane technique to manage the risk of aggression, punishment‐based methods continue to be used. Unfortunately, there has been little scientific study into the various factors influencing whether dog owners choose to use positive reinforcement techniques to manage aggression in their dogs. As such, current understanding of how best to encourage and support dog owners to use these methods remains extremely limited. This article uses a survey methodology based on protection motivation theory (PMT) to investigate the factors that influence owner use of positive reinforcement methods to manage aggressive behavior, in an attempt to understand potential barriers and drivers of use. In addition, the article provides an initial exploration of the potential role of wider psychological factors, including owner emotional state, social influence, and cognitive bias. Findings show that the perceived efficacy of positive reinforcement methods and the perceived ability of owners to effectively implement the technique are both key factors predicting future intentions and current reported use. Future interventions should focus on enhancing owner confidence in the effective use of positive reinforcement techniques across multiple scenarios, as well as helping owners manage their own emotional responses when they encounter challenging situations and setbacks.
Effects of plyometric training on jumping, sprint performance, and lower body muscle strength in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Oxfeldt Mikkel , Overgaard Kristian , Hvid Lars G. , Dalgas Ulrik 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of lower body plyometric training (PLY) on jumping, sprint performance, and lower body muscle strength in healthy adults.MethodsA systematic literature search (PubMed, Embase) was performed. Studies were included if they (a) described a lower body PLY intervention lasting ≥4 weeks; (b) included measures of jumping, sprint, and/or lower body muscle strength; (c) included healthy individuals ≥18 years; (d) included a training or non‐training control group; and (e) were written in English. Meta‐analyses identifying the effects of PLY on jumping, sprint, and lower body muscle strength were conducted providing the standardized mean difference (SMD).ResultsA total of 826 records were identified of which 25 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, yielding 19, 11, and seven data points for the meta‐analyses of jumping, sprint performance, and lower body muscle strength, respectively. The data showed improvements for all three performance variables after 4‐12 weeks of PLY. The SMD (CI95%) across studies for jump height, sprint time, and muscle strength were 0.45 (0.16: 0.75), −0.59 (−1.01: −0.17), and 0.33 (0.03: 0.63), respectively, where the latter two showed within‐sample heterogeneity.ConclusionThe systematic review and meta‐analyses showed that PLY elicits a small‐to‐moderate positive effect on jumping, sprint performance, and lower body muscle strength in healthy adults being recreationally active or athletes.
Efficacy and safety of one‐day offline extracorporeal photopheresis schedule processing one total blood volume for treating patients with graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Cid Joan , Carbassé Gloria , Suárez‐Lledó María , Moreno David F. , Martínez Carmen , Gutiérrez‐García Gonzalo , Fernández‐Avilés Francesc , Rosiñol Laura , Giavedoni Priscila , Mascaró José M. , Agustí Carles , Marín Pedro , Rovira Montserrat , Urbano‐Ispizua Álvaro , Lozano Miquel 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUNDExtracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been increasingly used as a second‐line therapy for graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) but there is no consensus regarding the best therapeutic schedule.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSOur offline ECP schedule for treating patients with GVHD was retrospectively reviewed. Patients with acute GVHD were treated on 2 days per week for the first 2 weeks, followed by 1 day per week for 2 more weeks. After the first month of treatment, patients received treatment 1 day every 2 weeks for a minimum of 16 ECP procedures. Patients with chronic GVHD were treated on 1 day per week for 4 weeks followed by 1 day every 2 weeks for a minimum of 14 ECP procedures.RESULTSOur series comprises 21 (45%) patients with acute GVHD and 26 (55%) patients with chronic GVHD who received 667 ECP procedures. A median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 1.0 (1.0‐1.12) total blood volume was processed. Patients with acute and chronic GVHD received ECP procedures during a median of 49 (IQR, 14‐103) and 180 (IQR, 111‐274) days, respectively. Mild citrate‐induced symptoms were present in 98 (46%) and 232 (51%) procedures in patients with acute and chronic GVHD, respectively. Overall response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS) were 57 and 38% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17%‐59%), respectively, for patients with acute GVHD. For patients with chronic GVHD, ORR and OS were 77 and 61% (95% CI, 18%‐87%), respectively.CONCLUSIONOur new offline ECP schedule for treating patients with acute and chronic GVHD was efficacious and safe.
The interest group theory of financial development in China: Openness and the role of interest groups
Authors: Zhang Chengsi , Zhu Yueteng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe interest group theory of financial development predicts that the incumbents' opposition to financial development will be weaker when an economy is open to both trade and capital flows. Based on regressions of financial development on trade and financial openness, existing studies only provide indirect tests of the hypothesis and deliver mixed findings. This paper proposes models for direct tests of interest group theory for China. Using Chinese cross‐province data, we define and measure interest groups based on the close tie between state‐owned enterprises and local government in China. The empirical results show that the opposition from interest groups to financial development cannot be weakened in provinces with high trade or financial openness alone. However, the opposition is indeed weakened in provinces with high levels of both trade and financial openness. These results provide robust support for interest group theory in accounting for cross‐province differences and time‐series variation in financial development in China.
Socioeconomic and ethnic differences in children’s vigorous intensity physical activity: a cross-sectional analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Love Rebecca , Adams Jean , Atkin Andrew , van Sluijs Esther 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate if daily vigorous physical activity (VPA), adjusted for minutes of moderate physical activity (MPA) performed, differs by socioeconomic position or ethnicity in a large sample of UK children with objectively measured physical activity.DesignNationally representative prospective cohort study.SettingUK children born between 2000 and 2002.Participants5172 children aged 7–8 with valid accelerometer data for ≥10 hour on ≥3 days, including 1 weekend day.Main outcome measuresTime spent in VPA (>3841 counts per min).Explanatory measuresMaternal education, annual household Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development equivalised income, ethnicity.ResultsMultivariable linear regression models fitted to explore differences in average daily minutes of VPA (adjusted for MPA, mean accelerometer wear time, season of measurement, age and sex), revealed significantly higher amounts of VPA accumulated as a child’s socioeconomic position increased (highest vs lowest level of maternal education: β: 2.96, p: 0.00; annual household equivalised income: β: 0.58, p: 0.00, per £10 000 annual increase). Additionally, children from certain minority ethnicities (Bangladeshi and Pakistani: β: −3.34, p: 0.00; other ethnic groups: β:−2.27, p: 0.02) accrued less daily VPA compared with their white British counterparts.ConclusionsThe socioeconomic and ethnic patterning of vigorous activity observed in this study mirrors parallel inequalities in rates of childhood obesity. Given the stronger association of VPA with adiposity than of MPA, intensity specific differences may be contributing to widening inequalities in obesity. Accordingly, these findings suggest that the current global focus on overall moderate-to-vigorous intensity activity may mask important behavioural inequalities.
Comparing rates and characteristics of ambulance attendances related to extramedical use of pharmaceutical opioids in Australia: a protocol for a retrospective observational study
Authors: Nielsen Suzanne , Crossin Rose , Middleton Melissa , Martin Catherine , Wilson James , Lam Tina , Scott Debbie , Smith Karen , Lubman Dan 
Published: May 2019

Introduction and aimsExtramedical use of, and associated harms with pharmaceutical opioids are common. Analysis of coded ambulance clinical records provides a unique opportunity to examine a national population-level indicator of relative harms. This protocol describes an observational study with three aims: (1) to compare supply adjusted rates of pharmaceutical opioid-related ambulance attendances for buprenorphine, codeine, fentanyl, oxycodone, oxycodone-naloxone, morphine, pethidine, tramadol and tapentadol; (2) to compare presentation characteristics for these commonly used pharmaceutical opioids and (3) to describe the context surrounding ambulance presentations related to oxycodone, a widely used opioid with an established abuse liability, and tapentadol, a more recent ‘atypical’ opioid on the Australian market, with fewer studies that have directly examined signals of extramedical use.MethodTrained coders extract data from clinical records for ambulance presentations relating to extramedical use of commonly used pharmaceutical opioids. These data form the basis of a large, national database that captures alcohol-related and drug-related harms. Supply adjusted rates of presentations will be examined using Poisson regression. Multinomial logistic regression will be used to compare severity and other characteristics of attendances relating to different pharmaceutical opioids. Tapentadol-related and oxycodone-related cases will be qualitatively examined to understand the situationally specific contexts of the ambulance attendances outside of the characteristics captured in routinely coded variables.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval related to analysis of ambulance attendance data was obtained from the Eastern Health Human Research Ethics Committee (E122 08–09), with an amendment specific to the qualitative analysis. Findings will be submitted for peer review in 2019. The understanding of risk profiles in real-world settings is of international public health importance. The analysis and publication of findings from this national dataset of clinical records will provide one of the most nuanced analyses to date of relative harms across nine pharmaceutical opioids over a 6-year period.
Destress 9-1-1—an online mindfulness-based intervention in reducing stress among emergency medical dispatchers: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lilly Michelle , Calhoun Rebecca , Painter Ian , Beaton Randal , Stangenes Scott , Revere Debra , Baseman Janet , Meischke Hendrika 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesEmergency medical dispatchers (EMDs) experience significant stress in the workplace. Yet, interventions aimed at reducing work-related stress are difficult to implement due to the logistic challenges associated with the relatively unique EMD work environment. This investigation tested the efficacy of a 7-week online mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) tailored to the EMD workforce.MethodsActive-duty EMDs from the USA and Canada (n=323) were randomly assigned to an intervention or wait list control condition. Participants completed surveys of stress and mindfulness at baseline, post intervention, and 3 months follow-up. Repeated measures mixed effects models were used to assess changes in stress and mindfulness.ResultsDifferences between the intervention group and control group in pre–post changes in stress using the Calgary Symptoms of Stress Inventory were statistically significant, with a difference of −10.0 (95% CI: −14.9, −5.2, p<0.001) for change from baseline to post intervention, and a difference of −6.5 (95% CI: −11.9, −1.1, p=0.02) for change from baseline to 3 months follow-up. Change in mindfulness scores did not differ between groups. However, increases in mindfulness scores were correlated with greater reductions in stress for all participants, regardless of group (r=−0.53, p<0.001).ConclusionsDevelopment of tailored online MBIs for employees working in challenging work environments offer a promising direction for prevention and intervention. This study found that a short, weekly online MBI for EMDs resulted in reductions in reports of stress. Implications of online MBIs in other emergency responding populations and directions for future research are discussed.
Bortezomib Stabilizes and Activates p53 in Proliferative Compartments of Both Normal and Tumor Tissues In Vivo
Authors: Xue Yuezhen , Barker Nick , Hoon Shawn , He Pingping , Thakur Teena , Abdeen Shifana Raja , Maruthappan Priadarsini , Ghadessy Farid J. , Lane David P. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

p53 protein, activated and stabilized by posttranslational modifications, performs its major functions by inducing DNA repair, cell-cycle arrest, or apoptosis through transcriptional activation. Here, we determined the ability of p53 protein stabilized via proteasome inhibition to perform similar functions as p53 induced by stresses such as DNA damage. Treating mice with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib stabilized p53 in stem/progenitor cells of the intestine and stomach, in other proliferating tissues, and in intestinal tumors. Robust basal p53 mRNA levels were observed in the same compartments where p53 was stabilized. Spatial activation of p53 target genes in response to bortezomib in the small intestine demonstrated that CDKN1A and BAX were upregulated in the proliferative crypts but not in the differentiated villi of the small intestine; PUMA was specifically activated at the crypt base of p53 wild-type mice. Thus, cellular context determines the p53 transcriptional target selection. p53-dependent apoptosis was induced in Lgr5-expressing stem cells of the small intestine and high p53 transcriptional activity and apoptosis was induced in intestinal adenomas and in xenograft tumors. Bortezomib inhibited the growth of intestinal adenomas and xenograft tumors with wild-type p53, indicating the importance of p53 in the response to proteasome inhibitors in tissue homeostasis and in cancer therapy.

Significance:
These findings show that bortezomib is less active in p53-defective tumors, yet its success in treating multiple myeloma suggests its use can be extended to p53-proficient solid tumors.
Shakespeare’s Prayers
Authors: Beauregard David 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The various prayers in King Lear, Hamlet, Henry V, Cymbeline, and The Tempest are complex. If Shakespeare inherited medieval Catholic forms of prayer he preserved them in altered form, with considerable ambiguity. They provided useful dramatic forms, although any explicit appeal to Catholics in the audience seems unlikely. Since the English Reformation was still in the process of transition, Shakespeare’s prayers would have appealed to his “Protestant” as well as Catholic audience. Against the overstated claim that to look for Shakespeare’s religious affiliation is an impossible task and finally futile, I argue that the various inadvertent allusions to Catholic forms of prayer, and their sometimes ambiguous expression, are precisely what we would expect of a Catholic working under the Elizabethan and Jacobean regimes.