bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemocoding as an identification tool where morphological‐ andDNA‐based methods fall short:Ingaas a case study
Authors: Endara María‐José , Coley Phyllis D. , Wiggins Natasha L. , Forrister Dale L. , Younkin Gordon C. , Nicholls James A. , Pennington R. Toby , Dexter Kyle G. , Kidner Catherine A. , Stone Graham N. , Kursar Thomas A. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe need for species identification and taxonomic discovery has led to the development of innovative technologies for large‐scale plant identification.DNAbarcoding has been useful, but fails to distinguish among many species in species‐rich plant genera, particularly in tropical regions. Here, we show that chemical fingerprinting, or ‘chemocoding’, has great potential for plant identification in challenging tropical biomes.Using untargeted metabolomics in combination with multivariate analysis, we constructed species‐level fingerprints, which we define as chemocoding. We evaluated the utility of chemocoding with species that were defined morphologically and subject to next‐generationDNAsequencing in the diverse and recently radiated neotropical genusInga(Leguminosae), both at single study sites and across broad geographic scales.Our results show that chemocoding is a robust method for distinguishing morphologically similar species at a single site and for identifying widespread species across continental‐scale ranges.Given that species are the fundamental unit of analysis for conservation and biodiversity research, the development of accurate identification methods is essential. We suggest that chemocoding will be a valuable additional source of data for a quick identification of plants, especially for groups where other methods fall short.
Mesophyll conductance does not contribute to greater photosynthetic rate per unit nitrogen in temperate compared with tropical evergreen wet‐forest tree leaves
Authors: Bahar Nur H. A. , Hayes Lucy , Scafaro Andrew P. , Atkin Owen K. , Evans John R. 
Published: February 2018

Summary

Globally, trees originating from high‐rainfall tropical regions typically exhibit lower rates of light‐saturated net CO2 assimilation (A) compared with those from high‐rainfall temperate environments, when measured at a common temperature. One factor that has been suggested to contribute towards lower rates of A is lower mesophyll conductance.

Using a combination of leaf gas exchange and carbon isotope discrimination measurements, we estimated mesophyll conductance (gm) of several Australian tropical and temperate wet‐forest trees, grown in a common environment. Maximum Rubisco carboxylation capacity, Vcmax, was obtained from CO2 response curves.

gm and the drawdown of CO2 across the mesophyll were both relatively constant. Vcmax estimated on the basis of intercellular CO2 partial pressure, Ci, was equivalent to that estimated using chloroplastic CO2 partial pressure, Cc, using ‘apparent’ and ‘true’ Rubisco Michaelis–Menten constants, respectively

Having ruled out gm as a possible factor in distorting variations in A between these tropical and temperate trees, attention now needs to be focused on obtaining more detailed information about Rubisco in these species.
In situ mycorrhizal function – knowledge gaps and future directions
Authors: Lekberg Ylva , Helgason Thorunn 
Published: February 2018

SummaryWe know a lot about the potential functions of mycorrhizas, but whether or not these are realized in the field where plants simultaneously experience a range of biotic interactions and fluctuating abiotic conditions is more or less unknown. In this Viewpoint, we present findings from a literature survey of papers on mycorrhizal function published in New Phytologist during the past 30 years. This survey showed that most functional studies are still conducted under controlled conditions, target mostly arbuscular and ectomycorrhizas, and focus on nutrient and carbon dynamics of the symbiosis. We also share discussions from a workshop, ‘In situ mycorrhizal function: how do we get relevant data from a messy world?’, held at the 9th International Conference on Mycorrhiza (ICOM9) in August 2017. In this workshop, we examined possibilities and limitations of old and new techniques for field research, and participants expressed the need to learn more about fungal traits and how they may relate to function. We argue that moving mycorrhizal experiments into the field will allow us not only to quantify realized functions, but also to revisit old paradigms and possibly discover new functions.
Hodges–Lehmann Detection of Structural Shocks – An Analysis of Macroeconomic Dynamics in the Euro Area
Authors: Herwartz Helmut 
Published: February 2018

AbstractStructural shocks in multivariate dynamic systems are hidden and often identified with reference to a priori economic reasoning. Based on a non‐Gaussian framework of independent shocks, this work provides an approach to discriminate between alternative identifying assumptions on the basis of dependence diagnostics. Relying on principles of Hodges–Lehmann estimation, we suggest a decomposition of reduced form covariance matrices that yields implied least dependent (structural) shocks. A Monte Carlo study underlines the discriminatory strength of the proposed identification strategy. Applying the approach to a stylized model of the Euro Area economy, independent shocks conform with features of demand, supply and monetary policy shocks.
GCH1 attenuates cardiac autonomic nervous remodeling in canines with atrial‐tachypacing via tetrahydrobiopterin pathway regulated by microRNA‐206
Authors: Wei Jinqiu , Zhang Yujiao , Li Zhan , Wang Ximin , Chen Linlin , Du Juanjuan , Liu Jing , Liu Ju , Hou Yinglong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground/aimsCardiac autonomic nerve remodeling (ANR) is an important mechanism of atrial fibrillation (AF). GTP cyclohydrolase I, encoded by GCH1, is the rate‐limiting enzyme in de novo synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Previous studies reported that increased BH4 and NO content negatively regulated nerve regeneration. This study investigated the effects of GCH1 on ANR via BH4 pathway, regulated by microRNA‐206 (miR‐206).Methods and resultsIn canines, atrial tachypacing (A‐TP), together with miR‐206 overexpression, increased PGP9.5 level and inhibited GCH1 expression by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. GCH1 was validated to be a direct target of miR‐206 by luciferase assays. Meanwhile, miR‐206 overexpression by lentiviruses infection into right superior pulmonary vein fat pad decreased GCH1 expression to ∼40% and further reduced BH4 and NO content compared with the control canines. After infection of GCH1 overexpression lentiviruses for two weeks, atrial effective refractory period was increased compared with the control group (105.8 ± 1.537 ms vs 99.17 ± 2.007 ms, P < 0.05). Moreover, GCH1 overexpression attenuated canines’ atrial PGP9.5 level to ∼56% of the controls. In myocardial cells, transfection of GCH1 overexpression lentiviruses also decreased PGP9.5 expression to 26% of the control group. In patients, plasma was collected and miR‐206 expression was upregulated in AF patients (n = 18) than the controls (n = 12).ConclusionsOur findings suggested that GCH1 downregulation exacerbated ANR by decreasing atrial BH4 and NO content modulated by miR‐206 in A‐TP canines. This indicates that GCH1 may prevent the initiation of AF through inhibiting ANR.
Vagus nerve injury symptoms after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Jacobs Victoria , May Heidi T. , Crandall Brian G. , Ballantyne Becca , Chisum Ben , Johnson Dave , Graves Kevin G. , Cutler Michael , Day John D. , Mallender Charles , Osborn Jeffrey S. , Weiss J. Peter , Bunch T. Jared 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundVagus nerve injury during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation can significantly impact quality of life and result in lingering gastrointestinal symptoms. This study was designed to define risk factors of vagus nerve injury, symptoms, prevalence, and temporal resolution.MethodsA total of 100 patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) were enrolled and consented to participate in the study. Patients completed a 22‐item questionnaire that included questions specific to vagus nerve injury symptomatology during their baseline visit and at 1 and 3 months post‐RFCA.ResultsThe average age of the population was 63 ± 10.6 years and 68% were male. A total of 100 patients completed their baseline questionnaire (90 patients completed the 1‐month questionnaires and 85 patients completed the 3‐month questionnaires). Symptoms rated as moderate were prevalent at baseline (trouble swallowing 13%, bloating 26%, feeling full 20%), and increased in all categories analyzed at 1 month and with the exception of trouble swallowing returned to the preablation percentages at 3 months (heartburn 22.4%, trouble swallowing 18.8%, bloating 16.5%, nausea 8.2%, vomiting 3.5%, constipation 18.8%, diarrhea 16.4%, feeling full 15.3%). Severe rated symptoms of trouble swallowing (2–5.5%), bloating (5–7.6%), and early satiety (5–9.8%) increased at 1 month and bloating and early satiety percentages remained approximately two times higher at 3 months (trouble swallowing 2.4%, bloating 8.2%, early satiety 7.1%).ConclusionThe majority of symptoms were resolved by 3 months, although those patients who rate bloating and early satiety at a severe rating may have persistent symptoms.
Incidence and factors contributing to postdischarge nausea and vomiting in pediatric ambulatory surgical cases
Authors: Efune Proshad N. , Minhajuddin Abu , Szmuk Peter 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundLittle is known regarding the incidence and contributing factors of postdischarge nausea and vomiting in children.AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the incidence of postdischarge nausea and vomiting in day surgery patients and to identify demographic, intraoperative, and postoperative variables that influence the risk.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, a postdischarge questionnaire was administered to parents of ambulatory patients who received anesthesia and the electronic records were reviewed.ResultsOf 1041 ambulatory patients who received general anesthesia, 143 (14%) experienced postdischarge nausea and vomiting. Patients who did not receive intraoperative opioids had a lower incidence (8%) than those who received short‐acting opioids (14%) (difference of 6%, 95% CI 1.9%‐10.2%, P < .001) or long‐acting opioids (24%) (difference of 16%, 95% CI 8.1%‐24.3%, P < .001). Patients who received short‐acting opioids also had a lower incidence than those who received long‐acting opioids (difference of 10%, 95% CI 2.2%‐18.1%, P < .001). The incidence also differed between those patients who received postdischarge opioids at home (29%) and those who did not (13%) (difference of 16%, 95% CI 7.5%‐27.6%, P < .001). There was no association with age, gender, airway management, nitrous oxide use, amount of intravenous fluids, duration of anesthesia, intraoperative antiemetic administration or dosage, length of time from recovery room discharge to first oral intake, or length of ride home from the hospital. Multivariate generalized linear regression analysis confirmed intraoperative (short‐acting opioids odds ratio 1.686, 95% CI 1.020‐2.787; long‐acting opioids odds ratio 3.093, 95% CI 1.634‐5.874) and postdischarge (odds ratio 2.037 95% CI 1.142‐3.632) opioids to be independent risk factors for postdischarge nausea and vomiting.ConclusionWe found an incidence of postdischarge nausea and vomiting of 14%. Intraoperative and postdischarge opioids increase the risk, with long‐acting intraoperative opioids further accentuating the risk.
Congenital Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting in a 27‐week‐gestation neonate
Authors: Dennin Margaret H. , Roman Carly J. , Stein Sarah L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis is exceedingly rare in premature infants, and the few cases reported suggest a poor prognosis with systemic involvement. We present a case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis limited to a single cutaneous lesion, presenting in a 27‐week‐gestation infant, which is the youngest gestational age of reported Langerhans cell histiocytosis cases. The lesion showed spontaneous resolution by 41 weeks corrected gestational age, and systemic involvement was absent, demonstrating a mild course of skin‐only Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a premature infant.
Geographic tonguelike presentation in a child with pityriasis rosea: Case report and review of oral manifestations of pityriasis rosea
Authors: Alzahrani Nouf A. , AlJasser  Mohammed I. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOral lesions are rarely reported in patients with pityriasis rosea. We report a case of a 3‐year‐old boy with clinical evidence of generalized pityriasis rosea who developed asymptomatic oral lesions similar in appearance to geographic tongue. The generalized eruption and tongue lesions resolved simultaneously within 4 weeks. We also review the literature on the oral manifestations of Pityriasis rosea.
Bascule syndrome associated with syncopal episodes
Authors: Martín José M. , Torres Catalina , Cordero Pilar , Sánchez Sara , Terradez Liria , Ramón Dolores 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBascule syndrome is a recently described benign vasomotor dermatosis characterized by Bier anemic spots, cyanosis, and urticaria‐like eruption. We report a case of a 13‐year‐old girl with cutaneous lesions consistent with Bascule syndrome who had had three exercise‐related syncopal episodes. It would be recommended to exclude orthostatic intolerance or postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome when evaluating patients with Bascule syndrome.
Skin lesions serve as clues to relapse of pediatric blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm
Authors: Dreyer Sean , Mednik Suzanne , Truong Allison , Worswick Scott , Scumpia Philip , Neill Daniel , Kannan Swati , Hogeling Marcia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA 10‐year‐old girl with a history of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm, a rare malignancy in children, presented with recurrent skin eruptions beginning while on maintenance chemotherapy, including mildly pruritic skin‐colored plaques, tender indurated nodules, and violaceous bound‐down plaques. This case highlights an unusual presentation of relapsed blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm on chemotherapy, with skin lesions providing important clues to the progression of systemic disease.
Parental use of sun protection for their children—does skin color matter?
Authors: Tan Marcus G. , Nag Shudeshna , Weinstein Miriam 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesExcessive sun exposure during childhood is a risk factor for skin cancer. This study aimed to compare the frequency of ideal sun protection use between parents with lighter‐ and darker‐skinned children and explore their attitudes and beliefs on sun safety and their choice of sun protection.MethodsParents of children aged 6 months to 6 years completed self‐administered questionnaires about sun protection practices for their children. Parents assessed their child's Fitzpatrick phototype and were divided into lighter‐ (Fitzpatrick phototype I‐III) and darker‐skinned (Fitzpatrick phototype IV‐VI) groups. Sun safety guidelines from the Canadian Dermatology Association were used to qualify ideal sun protection.ResultsA total of 183 parents were included. Overall, 31 parents (17%) used ideal sun protection for their children. As their children grew older, parents were less likely to use ideal sun protection (odds ratio = 0.69, 95% confidence interval = 0.53‐0.90). Parents in the lighter‐skinned group were more likely to use ideal sun protection for their children (odds ratio = 7.4, 95% confidence interval = 2.7‐20.1), believe that sun exposure was harmful (odds ratio = 17.2, 95% confidence interval = 4.0‐74.9), and perceive value in sun protection (odds ratio = 11.4, 95% confidence interval = 3.3‐39.0); the darker‐skinned group believed that darker skin tones provided more sun protection (odds ratio = 12.4, 95% confidence interval = 6.1‐25.4).ConclusionIdeal parental sun protection efforts are overall low, particularly in parents of darker‐skinned children. The identified attitudes toward and beliefs about sun safety may aid in delivery of future sun protection interventions, especially in multiracial populations.
Progressive registration of image features and 3D vector lines for orientation modelling
Authors: Chang Wen‐Chi , Hung Ching‐Hui , Chen Liang‐Chien 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a progressive method to register image features and three‐dimensional (3D) vector lines for image orientation modelling. Directed at images acquired with an approximate direct‐georeferencing capability, this study employed 3D vector lines extracted from a geographical information system (GIS) database as ground control. The major work comprises three steps: (1) straight lines were parameterised and applied as control in the collinearity condition equations to determine exterior orientation parameters (EOPs); (2) coarse registration employed quadrangle features formed from straight lines to modify the initial EOPs; and (3) a two‐step fine registration, initially involving all line‐feature candidates, followed by the selection of the most probable one from neighbouring lines. Experimental results indicate that the proposed methods can achieve an accuracy of about 2 pixels (close to the accuracy of the employed GIS database) from initial EOPs with more than 800 pixel errors. Accuracy improvements in each step of the proposed coarse‐to‐fine registration are also demonstrated.
Paternal incarceration and the family: Fifteen years in review
Authors: Adams Britni L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSince the turn of the 21st Century, research has highlighted the use of the American criminal justice system as a forager of young, low‐income, low‐educated, men of color, but less is known about how these men exist within such realities and construct meaningful relationships in their families. Research in the early 2000s has focused on how paternal incarceration affects these men, their partners, and their children. However, there is limited research about how these men understand fatherhood and the mechanisms for how paternal incarceration disrupts relationships and exacerbates inequality in the larger family system. Highlighting the consequences to family and child well‐being, the incarceration literature is beginning to focus on the variational and complicated experiences that families cope with when a father is incarcerated. This paper reviews the literature since the early 2000s, tracing what is known about incarcerated fathers and consequences for their children and families. In doing so, this paper discusses both the evolution of the literature and how more research about family processes is needed to understand the dynamic experiences of families and caregivers who manage periods of confinement during the age of mass incarceration in America.
Anticipating Negation: The Dos and Don'ts of Neg Raising
Authors: Frazier Lyn , Clifton Charles , Rich Stephanie , Duff John 
Published: February 2018

AbsractA sentence like (i) can often be used interchangeably with (ii).

I don't think it's raining.

I think it's not raining.

With particular matrix predicates (e.g., think, seem, be probable) the negation from a complement clause may appear in the matrix clause, according to syntactic accounts, owing to a rule of Neg Raising, or according to semantic accounts, owing to a cancelable presupposition of the Excluded Middle (I believe p or I believe ¬p). Six written acceptability judgment studies approached the phenomena of Neg Raising (NR) as anticipation. A speaker who intends a negation may produce the negation early when the matrix verb permits the negation to be raised, especially if the polarity of the complement clause is at issue. Experiments 1 and 2, with a strict negative polarity item (NPI), showed higher ratings for sentences with Neg Raising (+NR) than for sentences without (−NR), failing to support the complexity predictions of a syntactic account where +NR involves an extra rule or dependency. Experiment 3 compared +NR predicates with −NR predicates and showed a penalty for matrix negation in the latter. Experiments 4 and 5 showed that increasing the distance between the raised negation and the negated predicate reduced the +NR advantage, but they showed that this was only an effect of increased sentence length. Experiment 6 showed an increased advantage for Neg Raising in a response to a polar question about the truth of the complement sentence. The results do not support a syntactic account but rather some version of a semantic or pragmatic account of Neg Raising coupled with the assumption that speakers anticipate salient upcoming material, such as a negative.
Digital rectal examination training among Indian medical graduates
Authors: Beena Aishwarya , Jagadisan Barath 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundDigital rectal examination (DRE) is an important component of physical examination and an essential skill for medical graduates. DRE is often underutilised in clinical practice. The lack of confidence and expertise and also underutilization of DRE have been associated with inadequate training of medical students during their undergraduate studies. The training of Indian undergraduates in DRE has not been studied.MethodsA questionnaire on undergraduate training in DRE was administered to students from various medical colleges joining specialty postgraduate courses in Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research.ResultsA total of 101 out of 131 students participated in the survey. Ninety‐one percent of students were taught DRE as undergraduates but only three‐quarters had performed DRE on patients. Among the respondents who had performed DRE, two‐thirds had performed fewer than five DREs before the completion of their medical education. Respondents who had performed fewer DREs were less confident about performing DRE (p < 0.05). Only 8% had performed DRE with manikins. Patients declining DRE and the need to minimise DRE influenced the decisions to perform DRE during training. DRE was never taught in paediatrics. DREs were most often performed only in the final year of the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree, and mostly without supervision (49.3%); 61.4% were unsatisfied with their training in DRE and would like to be trained better.A lack of confidence, expertise and use of DRE are associated with inadequate training of medical studentsConclusionThe survey indicates a lack of importance given to DRE training of undergraduate students and huge gaps in imparting this clinical skill. Training may be improved by introducing manikins, changing attitudes to DRE by incorporating it in clinical problem solving, and with more frequent opportunities to practise under supervision.
Localising sovereign debt: The rise of local currency bond markets in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Dafe Florence , Essers Dennis , Volz Ulrich 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper analyses the development of local currency sovereign bond markets (LCBMs) in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), a potentially important source of longer‐term public finance. We make two contributions to the literature. First, we build a novel data set comprising 28 SSA countries for the period 2000–14 to uncover the main correlates of LCBM capitalisation, of local currency bond (LCB) tenors and of LCB issue yields. We find that LCBM capitalisation in SSA relates to politico‐institutional factors, overall financial development and financial system structure. For LCB tenors and issue yields, inflation levels matter too. Second, we complement our econometric analysis with qualitative case studies of Kenya and Nigeria, where we further investigate the drivers of LCBM development and place LCBMs in a broader public debt context. While we document the increasing importance of LCBMs in SSA, we also highlight new vulnerabilities, including those related to investor base composition.