bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF Cr(VI) PHOTOREDUCTION CATALYZED BY CDO-ZEOLITE
Authors: Wahyuni Endang Tri , Mudasir Mudasir , Sinambela Saudur 
Published: January 2019

An attempt to decrease Cr(VI) ions in the solution which is more toxic than Cr(III) has performed by assisting the photoreduction of Cr(VI) ions catalysed by oxide Cd(II) supported in the zeolite pores (CdO-zeolite). The research consists of preparation, characterization, and photoactivity examination of CdO-zeolite. The preparation was carried out by ion-exchange method, which was followed by oxidation by flowing oxygen gas at 300oC. Analysis to determine the Cd adsorbed by zeolite and characterization to determine Eg as photocatalyst character was carried out by AAS and diffuses reflectance UV-Visible spectrophotometry (DRUV-Vis) methods, respectively. Photoreduction process was carried out in a closed reactor by radiating a suspension of Cr(VI) solution and CdO-zeolite with UV lamp for period of times. The concentration of unreduced Cr(VI) in the solution was determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometer as biphenyl carbacide complex. The results of the analysis and characterization indicated that the amount of Cd in CdO-zeolite is 46,832 mg/g and Eg of CdO-zeolite (3,26 eV) is larger than Eg of CdO (2,38 eV). Photocatalytic examination showed that the photoreduction results are proportional with the Eg values,i.e the results of Cr(VI) catalyzed by CdO-zeolit are higher than that of by CdO. Photoreduction of 50 mL solution Cr(VI) 25 ppm at pH = 7 catalyzed by 50 mg CdO- zeolite for 25 hours has given maximum result of 65,89 %. Keywords: photoreduction, zeolite.
A STUDY OF THE SYNTHESIS OF VERATRYL CYANIDE REQUIRED AS AN INTERMEDIATE FOR THE PREPARATION OF C-9154 ANTIBIOTIC DERIVATIVE FROM VANILIN
Authors: Rosilawati Ila , Jumina Jumina , Muchalal M 
Published: January 2019

The synthesis of veratryl cyanide [1-(3,4-dimethoxy phenyl acetonitril] required as an intermediate for the preparation of C-9154 antibiotic derivative was carried out. The starting material used was vanilin, while the reaction steps consisted of (1) methylation of vanilin, (2) reduction of veratraldehyde, (3) synthesis of veratryl bromide, and (4) treatment of this bromide with KCN. The analysis of the products was carried out using IR, 1H NMR and GC-MS spectrophotometers. The methylation of vanilin was conducted using dimethylsulfate and NaOH at 100 oC for 2 hours to give 79.3% yield of veratraldehyde. The reduction of veratraldehyde with LiBH4 in ethanol - THF mixture (1:1 v/v) at reflux for 4 hours afforded veratryl alcohol in 85.3% yield. This veratryl alcohol was treated with red phosphorous and Br2 in CCl4 at 60 oC for 2 hours to give 1-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxy)-phenyl bromomethane in 67.4% yield, instead of the desired veratryl bromide [1-3,4-dimethoxy)-phenyl bromomethane]. This benzyl bromide derivative was then treated with KCN in the presence of tween 80 as a phase catalyst transsfer in benzene-water solvent system at reflux for 2 hours to yield 1-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxy)phenyl acetonitril in 58.5%. Keywords: Vanilin, veratryl cyanide, C-9154 antibiotic derivative
IDENTIFICATION AND SEQUENCING BY NMR SPECTROSCOPY OF THE CARBOHYDRATE MOIETY IN A SAPONIN FROM Barringtonia asiatica
Authors: Rumampuk Rymond J 
Published: January 2019

A trisaccharide chain in a saponin from the seeds of Barringtonia asiatica has been identified and sequenced as {[b-D-galactopyranosyl(1®3)- b-D-glucopyranosyl(1®2)]-b-D-glucuronopyranosyloxy} using a combination of homonuclear and heteronuclear correlation NMR spectroscopy. The 1H and 13C NMR signals of the sugar residues can be determined and distinguished from one other by use of the HMQC-TOCSY technique. Anomeric configurations were unambiguously assigned from the vicinal coupling constants 3JH-1,H-2 of the anomeric protons. Inter-glycosidic linkage assignments were elucidated using HMBC. Keyword: Barringtonia asiatica, carbohydrate, saponin, NMR
AN EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF 1,3-BENZODIAZINE-2,4-DIONES ANALOGS
Authors: Mandey Fredryk 
Published: January 2019

An investigation of base promoted reaction of phenylanthranilate and isocyanate has been carried out. The reaction between phenylanthranilate (11) and phenylisocyanate and n-butylisocyanate gave remarkable yields of corresponding 1,3-Benzo-diazine-2,4-diones (12a) and (12b). Keyword: one-pot synthesis, heterocyclic compound
PROFIL PENDUDUK INDONESIA MENJELANG ERA TINGGAL LANDAS
Authors: Mantra Ida Bagoes 
Published: January 2019

The most important factor of population development during the Second Long-Term Development (PJP 77) is the development of human resources, which is, in turn, one of the most essential element of development next to natural resources and technology. Before the development of human resources is carried out, the conditions of the human resources themselves should be first detected and indentified.Taking notes of the 1990 population data, it has been concluded that the profile of the population of Indonesia has improved substantially. The population structure of the younger age group has been gradually left behind in accordance with the decline of the population growth rate. Bothbirth and mortality rates have dropped as the result of the significant improvement of the family planning and community - health programs. Spontaneous migration among regions of Indonesia has also increased inaccordance with the development progress,the transport infrastructure, and the populationmobility from rural to urban areas. The value of human quality, even though has experienced some increase, is still considered lowso far.The characteristics of population demography need serioues considerations to be able to improve the efforts to promote the humanwuality of the country.
TIPOLOGI MIGRASI: SUATU ALTERNATIF PENGEMBANGAN KONSEP
Authors: Sukamdi Sukamdi 
Published: January 2019

Using the migration survey done by Population Studies Center Gadjah Mada University, this article tries to find out the possibility in improving the definition of migration. It is based on the idea that migrationis a process. It means that migration can be defined more than dichotomy of the concept of permanent and sirculation. The reason is that the dichotomy tends to ignore the possibility of migrants occupying one or more categories intermediate to the two polar types. By introducing the variable of intention to remain at the destination and the length of migrants stay in the destination, a four fold typology of migrant type can be created: circular migrants, migrants who intend to remain circular, migrants who intend to be permanent and permanent migrants.
TINJAUAN BERBAGAI INDIKATOR SOSIAL*
Authors: Masri Singarimbun 
Published: January 2019

This article delineates various indices: (a)The Physical Quality of Life Index(PQli) and the Subjective Composite Index used by the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics for making comparisons with the 27 provinces of Indonesia; (b) a revised version of PQLI by adding fertility as a new component developed by Sajogyo and Abustam; (c) the Non-Physical Quality Index, used by the office of the Minister of Population and Environment, and (d) the Human Development Index (HDI), contained in the UNDP: Human Development Report, 1991 and 1992
SUATU PENDEKATAN ANALISIS MULTIVARIAT TENTANG TINGKAT KELAHIRAN PADA BEBERAPA KELOMPOK DAN ETNIS WANITA PERNAH KAWIN DI IRIAN JAYA
Authors: Soumokil Pieter J. 
Published: January 2019

It has been argued by many demographers that socio economic development with its associated fundamental changes in the role of women and the value of children is the dominant factor in the transition from high to low fertility. Research in less developed countries has found lower fertility levels in urban population compared to rural population. It was therefore assumed that the modernizing role of urbanlife helped bring about a decline infertility levels.This study in Irian Jaya, however, convincingly shows that fertility of urban women in Irian Jaya is higher than that of rural women. This differential infertility in favour of urban women in Irian Jaya appears to be real and not a result of underreporting of total live births in rural areas.The reasons for lower fertility in the rural areas in IrianJaya remain unknown, and more research is therefore needed. However, this study strongly suggests that the traditional system of swidden agricultyure in Irian Jaya, which places a highvalue on the labour input of women, may play a major role in constraining fertility in rural area of this province. On the other hand, high fertility in urban areas takes place because urbanwomen have their first birth earlier thanwomen inthe rural areas.
PROYEKSI PENDUDUK INDONESIA 1990-2010
Authors: Tukiran Tukiran 
Published: January 2019

The conformity betweenpopulation projection and both the survey and census results depends very much on the assumption used. The fertility, mortality, and the migration dynamics may affect both the number and structure of the projection results of the population. In line with this, the population projection is formed by using several different assumptions to be able to obtain a clear description about the minimum and maximum conditions of the population in the years to come.The population growth rate of Indonesia in the coming years is estimated to remain high as a consequence of the population structure of the younger age group. The fertility reduction that has taken place has only affected the number of population aged less than ten years, whereas the growth rate of the population aged ten years and over will remain high because of the mortility reduction. The main challenge of the future could be that the population number of the teenage group and the adolescence may be higher than that of the previous period. The female population of the productive age group and the population of the old age group have also increased in number. This phenomenon is very closely related with the expansion of the employment opportunities, consumtion needs, health services, and of many other facilities. The number of population of the economically productive age group and the eligible female age group will, in the coming years, be much greater than that in 1990. This needs serious and effective planning to tackle the problem so that it may not become a burdento the country's development.
EKONOMI RUMAH TANGGA, DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN DAN KEMISKINAN DI DUA DESA DI JAWA TENGAH DAN DIY: Studi Kasus di Batus (Klaten) dan Semanu (Gunung Kidul)
Authors: Effendi Tadjuddin Noer , Tamtiari Wini , Yuarsi Susi Eja , Sukamtiningsih Sukamtiningsih 
Published: January 2019

This study examines the household economy, income distribution, extent of poverty, and factors that determine the poverty level of two villages in Central Java and Yogyakarta. By using data from household and industry surveys, this study found that lack of employment opportunities in the agriculturalsector hasforced many rural workers looking for non-farm employment, both in rural and urban areas. Rural non-farm activities, especially rural industries, have a positive impact in reducing poverty both in less developed and indeveloped villages. As can be expected this study also found that poverty is more common in less developed than developed areas. However, inequality in income distribution is more pronounced in developed villages. This means that poverty and income distribution are quite different problems. Accordingly, solutions to these problems have to be different.
ELDERLY MIGRATION IN THE MORE AND LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Noveria Mita 
Published: January 2019

Tulisan ini bertujuan mendiskusikan migrasi yang dilakukan oleh penduduk lanjut usia, baik di negara-negara maju maupun di negara-negara yang sedang berkembang. Dalam tulisan ini dibahas faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya migrasi serta jenis migrasi yang dilakukan oleli para lanjut usia. Literatur mengenai migrasi penduduk lanjut usia kebanyakan berdasarkan pada koudisi di negara-negara maju. Namun demikian, pada keadaan tertentu ada relevansinya dengan negara-negara sedang berkembang. Berdasarkan studi kepustakaan didapatkan bahwa ada beberapa jenis migrasi yang dilakukan oleh penduduk lanjut usia. Kategori yang dimaksud adalah migration for amenity, return migration, assistance migration, dan kinship migration. Dari semua kategori tersebut, assistance migration kelihatannya paling relevan bagi penduduk lanjut usia di negara-negaraberkembang, diikuti oleb kinship migration dan return migration.
TRANSISI DEMOGRAFI DAN PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN*
Authors: Wilopo Siswanto Agus 
Published: January 2019

From a number of studies there are evidences of the existence of integration between "demography variables" and the development process. In this case it is important to understand that the population policies have been formulated for the continuity of development process, mainly by paying attention to the integration between people (inhabitants) and their environment. In this case, the government's policy is to stabilize economic development, distributing it evenly and maintain the environment in accordance with the global Population Action Program. The problems caused by changes related to the demographic transition can be considered the material for the future demographic policies.
KEMISKINAN: KONSEP, PENGUKURAN DAN KEBIJAKAN*
Authors: Molo Marcelinus 
Published: January 2019

The incidence of poverty within a society is, in fact, social problem both for those who are living under a defined poverty line, and for those who are better off. As a consequence, poverty becomes a central issue in economic and social policies.Poverty has stimulated researchers to update the measures. The article concentrates on the conceptual and operational definition, measurements, factors underlying the existance of poverty, and relevant policies towards the alleviation of poverty.
PEMANFAATAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DAN KELUARGA BERENCANA DI DAERAH TRANSMIGRASI DI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Tukiran Tukiran , Kutanegara Pande Made 
Published: January 2019

The improvement of health facilities has been a major priority of the government policy. It is related to the effort of controlling population growth by reducing fertility and mortality rate. In line with this, one issue is worthwhile to question: whether or not those facilities productively utilized by the local people. This research was conducted in Lambuya subdistrict, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, the area which is considered to be successful in the implementation of the family planning program. The utilization of health and family planning services, from the aspect of age, education, and resident of clients is quite satisfactory. Based on these three aspects, it is not surprising if they can rely on health andfamily planningproviders. Besides the health workers at the primary health care, there are 91 traditional healers who take over health problems. The awareness of the local people to revisit the primary health care after an initial treatment is more of a causative effect of the initiative of health providers, than the desire of the clients themselves. Effort on enlightenment by improving quality of information to the people is influential in making people utilized the services available at the primary health care.
SEKTOR PARIWISATA DI PULAU NIAS
Authors: Weber Helmut 
Published: January 2019

The tourist potential in the island of Nias like the Langundri beach and Sorake have doubtlessly made it a place with a very high value from the stand point of tourist activities. This tourist potential has however, not yet beenfully exploited because the natural resource management and the human resource management is evidently still very limited. The greenness of the tourist potential in the island of Nias has got a strong attracting force towards the tourists from 11 source countries, including Germany. Because of this therefore, it is absolutely essential to formulate a strategy which can be used to develop tourism in this location, so that the place can improve on its position in the international market and also be able to improve on the welfare of the population here.Helmut Weber in his paper portrays the tourist potential in the island of Nias not only from the view point of its beautiful natural resources, but also from the angle of the rich cultural aspect of the community in this place which is very interesting to be enjoyed.
KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI: RUANG LINGKUP DAN KOMPLEKSITAS MASALAH
Authors: Darwin Muhadjir 
Published: January 2019

Reproductive health covers a number of elements that relates to sexual activities and reproductive processes. The clinical aspects of the reproductive health are indeed important. Yet, its social aspects are not less significant due to its complexity and difficulty for making a solution. Many social problems associated with reproductive health, such as unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortion, STD/AIDS, side-effects of contraceptive uses, etc., have grown to be more crucial and call for serious attention from social scientists as well as policy makers. This paper specifically addresses this issue by elaborating the scope and complexity of reproductive health matters in an Indonesian context.
LABOUR AND SOCIAL INSECURITY
Authors: Nooteboom Gerben 
Published: January 2019

Di tiap negara baik negara maju maupun berkembang terdapat kelompok-kelompok lemah yang berada pada posisi "insecure". Mereka memiliki keterbatasan akses untuk memperoleh atau meningkatkan kondisi hidupnya. Pada kelompok-kelompok tersebut diperlukan adanya mekanisme lain yang memungkinkan mereka menjadi lebih "secure". Tulisan ini mencoba memberikan pemahaman tentang peran dan mekanisme "social security" sebagai salah satu sistem yang penting bagi kelompok lemah. Menurut penulis, berbagai strategi dilakukan oleh kelompok buruh baik secara individual maupun kelompok untuk mengatasi kondisi mereka yang penuh risiko dan memiliki keterbatasan dalam berbagai hal. Untuk menjelaskan hal itu, penulis sangat menekankan penggunaan konsep "insecure" sebagai titik tolak pembahasan "social insecurity" di negara-negara sedang berkembang
PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA WANITA DALAM MENGHADAPI ERA GLOBALISASI*
Authors: Tjiptoherijanto Prijono 
Published: January 2019

In the past, the role of a woman was more of bringing up children and giving company to her husband than anythingelse, but because of the economic changes and education, there are now many house wives who, in the recent days, do not only function as household managers, but they also take on careers outside the home. The perception of the community on women who work outside their families is also becoming more permissive. Generally,women havegot wide opportunities to improve on them selves. Even with this however, there are still internal obstacles which tend to hinder this improvement of women. Various efforts have so far been made to assist women in optimizing themselves according to their individual potentialities. For that matter therefore, Prijono Tjiptoherijanto explains the necessity of improving on the quality of women, either through the family or through other institutional means.
PROBLEM DAN IMPLEMENTASI PELEDAKAN PENDUDUK LANSIA MENJELANG TAHUN 2020
Authors: B. Romziah S. 
Published: January 2019

Indonesia's fertility rate has continued to decline, it dropped to 2.87 at the end of the long term development plan period. Thisfertility rate is projected to go down by 40 percent in the period 1990-2020. However, the life expectancy will increase to 17 percent. This therefore, means that the decline of the totalfertility rate in Indonesia is faster than the rate of increase of the life expectancy rate.A vital transition in Indonesia will have an affect the number of the elderly people at least upto the year 2020. There will be 28.8 million elderly people or 11.3 percent of the nation's population. Hence, the structure and composition of Indonesia's population will be significantly changed.With the higher level of migration and increasing participation of females in the workforce, chances that an elderly person will have a child living close - by is being reduced, also and the availability of caregivers in thefamily house is also declining. There are few problems facing care for the aged in Indonesia such as: low priority, inadequate information on the elderly, poor facilities and infrastructure, lack of essential personnel, spiraling medical cost, changing epidemiological pattern of disease, lack of resources, inadequate family support, insufficient operations research.To improve on care for the elderly, the following need to be implemented: improved political commitment and the coverageof health service and or social services for the elderly, developing the relevant manpower to work with the elderly, identifying and mobilizingadequate resources to cover care for the aged.
PEMBANGUNAN BERWAWASAN KEPENDUDUKAN DAN KELUARGA: SEBUAH PERCIKAN PEMIKIRAN
Authors: Dwiyanto Agus 
Published: January 2019

The concept formulation of the development having population and family concepts aims at shifting the concept of population from a burden connotation into the development performer. The problems which are often seen in achieving the goal is among other thing: the existence of collision between the reinforcement of family functions with values and interests of other concept, such as economy. Agus Dwiyanto, in this writing tries to formulate a solution, i.e. the need of an integration between the concept of population,family and that of other development.
KOMPLEKSITAS MASALAH PEKERJA ANAK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sofian Ahmad 
Published: January 2019

Children workers are complex problems. On one side, they must work because of poverty, and on another side, they mostly do not get government's protection. Case of Jermal children workers along east sea shore of North Sumatra shows that they are susceptible to exploitation. Some risks they have to face are: high risk of weather and wave of the sea, cruel treatment, forced labour, unguaranteed job s avety and threat of death. The writer of this matter indicates that at least there are three kinds of violations, namely 1) that of human rights,2) that of labour law and 3) that of creation of broken society against social system.
QUALITY OF CARE DAN HAK-HAK KONSUMEN KELUARGA BERENCANA: REVIU ATAS HASIL-HASIL PENELITIAN*
Authors: Dwiyanto Agus 
Published: January 2019

This piece of writing is aimed to discuss on how muchpracticeof family planning services have put attention to rights of family planning consummers. The discussion is based on researches carried out either in Indonesia or in other developing countries. In fact, the services in those countries have not given total freedom to clients of family planning to choose contraception devices appropriate to their goals and interests. The services have neither guaranteed the clients' rights to get comprehensive information about contraception nor aboutfamily planningservices. Furthermore, they have not been capable of giving secure services to their clients. From the discussion, the writer offers some issues of research necessary to examine on purpose of protecting family planning consumers' rights.
PROGRAM AKSI PENANGGULANGAN PENGANGGURAN DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Tukiran Tukiran , Ediastuti Endang 
Published: January 2019

Action programs dealing with unemployment problems, beth by sector and intersector, which were done in the past and those will be done in the future seems are unable to overcome the problems. This is becauce most of the programs were less attracted to the excepted participants (the unemployed). Almost all of the education and training programs offered materials only at introduction level, while in the job seeking competition the preference is a person with a master qualification or on expert in a certain job. The shift of the unemployed characteristics, from the less educated to be an educated one will also simply the action programs' type and level of education and training. It means that the programs should be designed to produce a skilled person or a master on their jobs.