bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible with implant‐supported overdentures on telescopic abutments and immediate loading. A controlled prospective clinical study
Authors: Kourtis Stefanos , Madianos Phoebus , Patras Michael , Andrikopoulou Efstathia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible with implant‐supported overdentures is an established clinical procedure but immediate loading of implants supporting mandibular overdentures has not been equally documented.AimThe aim of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible with immediate loading and implant‐supported overdentures.Materials and Methods10 patients were restored with immediate loading of the implants and 5 with delayed loading. The treatment planning included placement of four implants in the interforaminal area of the mandible. Prefabricated titanium abutments with 4 degrees of conical inclination were fixed on the implants and the telescoping conical caps were connected to the base of the mandibular denture. Bone loss was assessed by comparison of panoramic x‐rays at baseline 3, 6, and 36 months by visual observation from clinicians.ResultsA total of 60 implants were restored, 40 with immediate and 20 with delayed loading. The follow‐up period ranged from 4 to 10 years with 72 months mean observation time. Prosthetic complications appeared with low frequency and no implant loss occurred during the follow‐up period. No statistical significance was observed in the bone loss in the cervical area of the immediate and late loaded implants.Clinical SignificanceThe rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible with implant‐supported overdentures and telescopic copings is a viable clinical solutions with multiple clinical advantages both for the clinician and the patient. . Immediate loading can be applied in cases where increased initial stability can be achieved. More extended long‐term clinical studies with increased number of patients and implants are needed, however, to verify the efficacy of the treatment method.
Disparities in mortality for chronic liver disease among Asian subpopulations in the United States from 2007 to 2016
Authors: Li Andrew A. , Kim Donghee , Kim Won , Dibba Pratima , Wong Katherine , Cholankeril George , Jacobson Ira M. , Younossi Zobair M. , Ahmed Aijaz 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe Asian American population is characterized by remarkable diversity. Studying Asians as an aggregate group may obscure clinically meaningful heterogeneity. We performed a population‐based study using data from the US National Vital Statistics System. We determined the trends in age‐standardized mortality rates for chronic liver disease stratified by aetiology among the most populous US‐based Asian subgroups (Asian Indians, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese) and compared it to non‐Hispanic whites. Annual percentage change was calculated to determine temporal mortality patterns using joinpoint analysis. Hepatitis C virus‐related mortality rates were higher in non‐Hispanic whites compared to individual Asian subgroups, but a sharp decline in mortality rates was noted in 2014 among non‐Hispanic whites and all Asian subgroups. Age‐standardized hepatitis B virus‐related mortality rates were higher in all Asian subgroups as compared to non‐Hispanic whites in 2016, with the highest mortality among Vietnamese followed by Chinese. Mortality rates for alcoholic liver disease have been steadily trending upwards in all Asian subgroups, with the highest mortality in Japanese. Overall, age‐standardized cirrhosis‐related mortality rates were highest in non‐Hispanic whites, followed by Japanese, and more distantly by Vietnamese and other subgroups. However, hepatocellular carcinoma‐related mortality rates were higher in most Asian subgroups led by Vietnamese, Japanese and Koreans compared to non‐Hispanic whites. In this population‐based study utilizing a nationally representative database, we demonstrated a marked heterogeneity in the mortality rates of aetiology‐specific chronic liver disease among Asian subgroups in the United States.
Effect of family education program on cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression in persons who have had a stroke: A randomized, controlled study
Authors: Yu Fang , Li Hongyu , Tai Chunling , Guo Ting , Pang Dong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPeople who have had a stroke face high risks of cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression. Health education for family members contributes to better outcomes in various diseases, but the effects of health education on family members of people who have had a stroke are unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the family member education program (FMEP) on cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression in persons who have had a stroke. In total, 144 persons who experienced a stroke were randomly allocated to the FMEP group or control group (1:1 ratio). In the FMEP group, the FMEP and conventional treatment were provided, while in control group only conventional treatment was provided.The increase in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) score from baseline to 12 months (M12 – baseline) in the FMEP group was higher compared with the control group, and the FMEP led to a decreased cognitive impairment rate (MOCA score ≤26) after 12 months compared to the control group. Changes in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale anxiety and depression score (M12 – baseline) decreased in the FMEP group compared with the control group. Fewer participants with depression and a lower depression grade were observed in the FMEP group compared with the control group. The FMEP could reduce cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression in persons who have had a stroke.
TP53 is not a prognostic marker—clinical consequences of a generally disregarded fact
Authors: Braunschmid Tamara , Kührer Irene , Mittlböck Martina , Westerhoff Maria , Kappel‐Latif Sonja , Brammen Lindsay , Krishnadath Kausilia K. , Phillips Wayne A. , Gnant Michael , Kandioler Daniela 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTechnological progress within the last 15–20 years has significantly increased our knowledge about the molecular basis of cancer development, tumor progression, and treatment response. As a consequence, a vast number of biomarkers have been proposed, but only a small fraction of them have found their way into clinical use. The aim of this paper is to describe the specific demands a clinically relevant biomarker should meet and how biomarkers can be tested stepwise. We name this procedure the “triple‐R principle”: robustness, reproducibility, and relevance. The usefulness of this principle is illustrated with the marker TP53. Since it is mutated in a broad spectrum of cancer entities, TP53 can be considered a very promising marker. Thus, TP53 has been studied in detail but there is still no explicit consensus about its clinical value. By considering our own experience and reviewing the literature, we demonstrate that a major problem of current biomarker research is disregard of whether the biomarker is prognostic or predictive. As an example, it is demonstrated that TP53 is not a prognostic marker, but rather a purely predictive marker, and that disregard of this fact has made this otherwise strong biomarker appear as not being clinically useful so far.
S,S‐Chiral Linker Induced U Shape with a Syn‐facial Sensitizer and Photocleavable Ethene Group
Authors: Ghosh Goutam , Belh Sarah J. , Chiemezie Callistus , Walalawela Niluksha , Ghogare Ashwini A. , Vignoni Mariana , Thomas Andrés H. , McFarland Sherri A. , Greer Edyta M. , Greer Alexander 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThere is a major need for light‐activated materials for the release of sensitizers and drugs. Considering the success of chiral columns for the separation of enantiomer drugs, we synthesized an S,S‐chiral linker system covalently attached to silica with a sensitizer ethene near the silica surface. First, the silica surface was modified to be aromatic rich, by replacing 70% of the surface groups with (3‐phenoxypropyl)silane. We then synthesized a 3‐component conjugate [chlorin sensitizer, S,S‐chiral cyclohexane and ethene building blocks] in 5 steps with a 13% yield, and covalently bound the conjugate to the (3‐phenoxypropyl)silane‐coated silica surface. We hypothesized that the chiral linker would increase exposure of the ethene site for enhanced 1O2‐based sensitizer release. However, the chiral linker caused the sensitizer conjugate to adopt a U shape due to favored 1,2‐diaxial substituent orientation; resulting in a reduced efficiency of surface loading. Further accentuating the U shape was π–π stacking between the (3‐phenoxypropyl)silane and sensitizer. Semiempirical calculations and singlet oxygen luminescence data provided deeper insight into the sensitizer's orientation and release. This study has lead to insight on modifications of surfaces for drug photorelease and can help lead to the development of miniaturized photodynamic devices.
Event‐related potentials to threat of predictable and unpredictable shock
Authors: MacNamara Annmarie , Barley Blake 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCognitive affective neuroscience tasks that are straightforward to administer, measure key constructs of interest, and can be used in different lab settings and with multiple psychophysiological methods can lead to a more complete understanding of experimental effects. The no‐threat, predictable threat, unpredictable threat (NPU‐threat) task assesses constructs of interest to both clinical and basic affective science literatures, is relatively brief to administer, and has been used across labs with a number of different measurements (e.g., startle eyeblink, fMRI, corrugator response, subjective ratings). ERPs provide another means of assessing neurobiological reactivity during the NPU‐threat task, but to date such measures have been underutilized. That is, no study has yet evaluated cue‐elicited ERPs in the NPU‐threat task. Here, cue‐elicited ERPs were assessed in 78 participants who completed a version of the NPU‐threat task previously shown to reliably moderate startle eyeblink amplitudes. Results showed larger P2 amplitudes for unpredictable versus predictable trials, increased P3s and late positive potentials for threatening versus no‐threat trials, as well as larger stimulus preceding negativities for threatening versus no‐threat trials (driven primarily by predictable threat cues). In line with prior work, we observed enhanced startle eyeblink for threatening versus no‐threat trials and for unpredictable compared to predictable threat interstimulus intervals. In addition, the probe‐elicited P3 was suppressed for predictable and unpredictable compared to no‐threat trials. Therefore, cue‐elicited ERPs, which can be recorded alongside other measures in the NPU‐threat task (e.g., startle), may provide useful indices of temporally distinct stages of predictable and unpredictable threat processing.
Too hard to forget? ERPs to remember, forget, and uninformative cues in the encoding phase of item‐method directed forgetting
Authors: Schindler Sebastian , Kissler Johanna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn item‐method directed forgetting, worse memory performance occurs for to‐be‐forgotten (TBF) than for to‐be‐remembered (TBR) items. However, recently TBF items have been found to be recognized more accurately than uninformative (UI) items not associated with any specific task. Here, we compare ERPs elicited by cues signaling the remember or the forget instruction with those elicited by uninformative cues. Participants were presented with a series of complex pictures, each followed by a symbolic TBR, TBF, or UI cue. On a yes–no recognition test, accuracy was higher for TBR than for both TBF and UI items. However, TBF items were recognized more accurately than UI items. ERPs elicited by the TBR cue were larger than ERPs elicited by both TBF and UI cues at the frontal P2, the late frontal negativity, and the late parietal positivity complex. This is consistent with more attention capture, selective rehearsal, and long‐term memory encoding of TBR. In contrast, both TBF and UI cues induced a larger frontal N2 than TBR cues. Critically, TBF elicited a larger late right‐frontal positivity than both UI and TBR cues and a larger late parietal positivity than UI cues. Moreover, the late right‐frontal positivity was correlated with better recognition performance. It may therefore reflect processing orientation rather than inhibition per se. Results suggest that, when compared to UI cues, both TBR and TBF cues are processed actively. Distinct processing is seen at right frontal and centroparietal positive ERPs that may mediate better subsequent recognition of TBF than of UI items.
The problem of enchantment
Authors: Cuthbertson Ian Alexander 
Published: August 2018

AbstractScholars have used the term “enchantment” to describe a variety of disparate intellectual trends, affective registers, and social developments. Yet despite its prevalence as an academic concept, appraisals of enchantment itself rather than disenchantment or re‐enchantment are, despite a few exceptions, practically nonexistent. This article considers recent scholarly work on disenchantment and re‐enchantment in order to trace the contours of enchantment itself. It concludes with an appraisal of enchantment as an academic category.
Monetary authority's transparency and income inequality
Authors: de Mendonça Helder Ferreira , Esteves Diogo Martins 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper analyzes how transparency from the monetary authority can affect the income inequality. The contribution is twofold. In the first part, we develop a theoretical model that considers heterogenous agent shopping‐time economy with a lack of transaction technology between rich and poor to observe the effect of central bank transparency on income inequality. The second part provides empirical evidence through panel data methodology that draws on 37 developing countries for the period 1992 to 2012. Our findings indicate that, in general, the monetary authority's transparency is an important tool to reduce income inequality between rich and poor when there are some advantages for the first group.
Cash Transfers and Food Security in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Burchi Francesco , d’Agostino Giorgio , Pieroni Luca , Scarlato Margherita 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper compares the impact of social protection strategies based on cash transfers in a selection of lower‐middle‐income and low‐income sub‐Saharan African countries. We use the synthetic control method to evaluate changes in the trajectories of the prevalence of undernourishment indicators during the 1990s and 2000s for several relevant countries (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi and Rwanda). The results suggest that cash transfers exert a significant effect on access to food, though there are differences in magnitude. Robustness analysis with placebo experiments confirms the soundness of our results, and their implications for policy‐makers are discussed.
Characterization of bound water in skin hydrators prepared with and without a 3D3P interpenetrating polymer network
Authors: Majewski George P. , Rodan Katie , Fields Kathy , Falla Timothy J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundHyaluronic acid (HA) has been considered the gold standard ingredient for improving skin hydration and combating age‐related effects, however it is an inefficient polymer with inconsistent results partially due to its poor skin penetration, surface deposition, and rapid degradation. Herein we report the synthesis and in vitro characterization of a newly developed, topical super‐humectant with the goal of attracting and binding water molecules more efficiently than traditional, cosmetic‐grade forms of HA.MethodsA modified interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) was developed using three polymers into a three‐dimensional formation (3D3P) for entrapping HA and water. This 3D3P‐IPN functions as a super‐humectant, attracting and binding water molecules more efficiently than the traditional cosmetic‐grade forms of HA. We compare 3D3P‐IPN serum samples to a traditional commercial benchmark product of similar ingredients using microscopic analysis, rheology, Karl Fischer (KF) titration, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) techniques.ResultsThe 3D3P‐IPN samples appeared to bind water tighter than the benchmark sample as evidenced by maximum endpoints of endotherms occurring at significantly higher temperatures. The DVS results further confirm this speculation as the 3D3P‐IPN samples lost approximately 10% less water up to 35% RH than the benchmark. The 3D3P‐IPN samples also absorbed more water as the humidity level increased,demonstrating superior humectant properties. KF titration indicated that all three samples had similar water concentrations; however, TGA results demonstrated that the benchmark (a viscous, humectant‐rich hydrating masque) did not have much bound water.ConclusionThrough the synthesis of a 3D3P‐IPN using simplified methods, we were able to increase the water‐binding and HA‐delivery capabilities of a thin serum. This 3D3P‐IPN serum has potential to deliver more hydration to the skin's surface compared to traditional HA formulations.
Crop rotation in no‐till soils modifies the soil fatty acids signature
Authors: Ferrari A. E. , Ravnskov S. , Wall L. G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAnalysis of whole‐soil fatty acids (WSFA) was used to characterize no‐till productive agricultural soils associated with different crop rotation managements on the Argentinean pampas, over two sampling seasons. Crop rotation (CR) treatment was compared with soybean monocropping (MC). Soils from nearby natural environments (NE) were used as reference treatments. The objective of this study was to characterize the soil lipid signature and seek putative markers of agricultural management. NE sites had greater concentration of total WSFA than agricultural sites, but no differences between CR and MC were identified. NE sites were characterized by straight chain and mono‐unsaturated fatty acids, such as 16:1ω5c, an established biomarker for arbuscular mycorrhiza. Comparing lipid profiles using multivariate methods allowed a comprehensive comparison among treatments. The CR and NE soil samples were more alike than those of MC, with several fatty acids in common. CR soils were associated with mixed, branched and hydroxylated fatty acids. MC profiles appeared to be enriched by 16:010Me and 18:1ω7c fatty acids, which could be potential treatment markers. Thus, use of the WSFA approach to study soil lipid signature appeared to be a sensitive method to characterize soil health and soil use and management. However, some of the fatty acids do not come from living cells but from soil organic matter, which sets a limitation on interpretation in terms of the microbial community but expands the biological origin of the soil lipid signature to any biological matter, alive or death, which is a constitutive part of the soil under study.
Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of generaEristicophisandPseudocerastes(Ophidia, Viperidae)
Authors: Fathinia Behzad , Rastegar‐Pouyani Nasrullah , Rastegar‐Pouyani Eskandar 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe genusPseudocerastescomprises three species of false‐horned vipers:P. fieldi,P. persicusandP. urarachnoides.Pseudocerastes fieldiandP. persicuswere once regarded as two subspecies of the same species. Recent morphological, molecular and toxicological studies elevated these two subspecies to species rank. Upon discovery of a third species, phylogeny and systematic relationships within this genus based on morphology were complicated. A total of 113 specimens of these three species across the Middle‐East were used to perform phylogenetic and biogeographic study. Using both mitochondrial (16S and Cytb) and Nuclear (C‐mos) markers and Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood approaches a robust phylogeny of the group was generated. The phylogenetic findings show thatEristicophisis the closest living relative toPseudocerastes.Pseudocerastes fieldiholds a basal position within the genusPseudocerastes, sister to a taxon comprisingP. persicusandP. urarachnoides. Each of these three species is divided into two main clades with further subdivisions. Divergence time estimation indicates that splitting between generaEristicophisandPseudocerastesoccurred in early Miocene with further main splitting within genusPseudocerastesthat occurred in middle to late Miocene. Additional splittings within each of these species took place during early Pliocene to late Pleistocene. Speciation and cladogensis within this genus coincide with different historical events varying from tectonics to paleoclimatic events which may have resulted in vicariance and dispersal of different populations. The clade comprised of sister generaEristicophisandPseudocerasteshas an Arabian Peninsula – Iranian Plateau origin with an eastward distribution from western Arabia to the Iranian Plateau.
Falls prevention strategies for adult inpatients in a university hospital of São Paulo, Brazil: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Maia Flávia de Oliveira Motta , Cruz Diná de Almeida Lopes Monteiro da , Shimoda Gilceria Tochika , Sichieri Karina , Iida Luciana Inaba Senier 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The main objective of this project was to reduce the incidence and harm from falls that occur among patients admitted in the acute Internal Medicine Unit and Intensive Care Unit in a public teaching hospital in São Paulo, Brazil.

Introduction:
Falls are a challenge for health professionals and healthcare services as they may result in high-impact outcomes for patients, such as functional decline, increase in length of hospital stay, increase in the cost of healthcare services, and death. In an attempt to promote safe care the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the World Alliance for Patient Safety in 2004 that encourages the adoption of best practice to reduce adverse events in healthcare services.

Methods:
The project used the Joanna Briggs Institute Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (JBI-PACES) and Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) audit tool for promoting change in health practice. A baseline audit was conducted measuring eight best practice criterias, followed by the implementation of target strategies and a follow-up audit.

Results:
The results of the baseline audit identified large gaps between current practice and overall compliance with best practice. The GRiP module helped identify strategies related to education programs for patients, families and nursing teams, and a falls risk assessment with an accurate tool to address the gaps in compliance. The follow-up audit cycle was satisfactory as all best practice audit criteria showed an improvement as an aggregated result.

Conclusions:
The project used the audit and feedback strategy to translate evidence into practice. Some of the measured criteria improved to moderate-high compliance with best practice. The results showed that implementation of evidence-based practice leads to an improvement in falls prevention. Future audits are required to sustain improvements.
The economic cost of robotic rehabilitation for adult stroke patients: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Lo Kenneth , Stephenson Matthew , Lockwood Craig 
Published: August 2018

Review question/objective:
The objective of this review is to identify the best available evidence on the economic cost of robotic rehabilitation for adult stroke patients to improve their motor movement abilities. More specifically, the objective is to identify the evidence on the economic cost of robotic training compared to conventional physiotherapy for adult stroke patients, from the perspective of hospitals.