bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weak Approximation for Points with Coordinates in Rank-one Subgroups of Global Function Fields
Authors: Sun Chia-Liang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFor every affine variety over a global function field, we show that the set of its points with coordinates in an arbitrary rank-one multiplicative subgroup of this function field satisfies the required property of weak approximation for finite sets of places of this function field avoiding arbitrarily given finitely many places.
Intercalibration between HIRS/2 and HIRS/3 channel 12 based on physical considerations
Authors: Gierens Klaus , Eleftheratos Kostas , Sausen Robert 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) brightness temperatures at
channel 12 (T12) can be used to assess the water vapour content of the
upper troposphere. The transition from HIRS/2 to HIRS/3 in 1999 involved a
shift in the central wavelength of channel 12 from 6.7 to 6.5 µm, causing a discontinuity in the time series of T12. To understand the
impact of this change in the measured brightness temperatures, we have
performed radiative transfer calculations for channel 12 of HIRS/2 and HIRS/3
instruments, using a large set of radiosonde profiles of temperature and
relative humidity from three different sites. Other possible changes within
the instrument, apart from the changed spectral response function, have been
assumed to be of minor importance, and in fact, it was necessary to assume as
a working hypothesis that the spectral and radiometric calibration of the two
instruments did not change during the relatively short period of their common
operation. For each radiosonde profile we performed two radiative transfer
calculations, one using the HIRS/2 channel response function of NOAA 14 and
one using the HIRS/3 channel response function of NOAA 15, resulting in
negative differences of T12 (denoted as ΔT12:=T12/15-T12/14) ranging between −12 and −2 K.
Inspection of individual profiles for large, medium and small values of
ΔT12 pointed to the role of the mid-tropospheric humidity. This
guided us to investigate the relation between ΔT12 and the channel
11 brightness temperatures which are typically used to detect signals from
the mid-troposphere. This allowed us to construct a correction for the HIRS/3
T12, which leads to a pseudo-channel 12 brightness temperature as if a
HIRS/2 instrument had measured it. By applying this correction we find an
excellent agreement between the original HIRS/2 T12 and the HIRS/3 data
inferred from the correction method with R=0.986. Upper-tropospheric
humidity (UTH) derived from the pseudo HIRS/2 T12 data compared well with that
calculated from intersatellite-calibrated data, providing independent
justification for using the two intercalibrated time series (HIRS/2 and
HIRS/3) as a continuous HIRS time series for long-term UTH analyses.
Carbon and nitrogen pools in thermokarst-affected permafrost landscapes in Arctic Siberia
Authors: Fuchs Matthias , Grosse Guido , Strauss Jens , Günther Frank , Grigoriev Mikhail , Maximov Georgy M. , Hugelius Gustaf 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Ice-rich yedoma-dominated landscapes store considerable amounts of organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and are vulnerable to degradation under climate warming. We investigate the C and N pools in two thermokarst-affected yedoma landscapes – on Sobo-Sise Island and on Bykovsky Peninsula in the north of eastern Siberia. Soil cores up to 3 m depth were collected along geomorphic gradients and analysed for organic C and N contents. A high vertical sampling density in the profiles allowed the calculation of C and N stocks for short soil column intervals and enhanced understanding of within-core parameter variability. Profile-level C and N stocks were scaled to the landscape level based on landform classifications from 5 m resolution, multispectral RapidEye satellite imagery. Mean landscape C and N storage in the first metre of soil for Sobo-Sise Island is estimated to be 20.2 kg C m−2 and 1.8 kg N m−2 and for Bykovsky Peninsula 25.9 kg C m−2 and 2.2 kg N m−2. Radiocarbon dating demonstrates the Holocene age of thermokarst basin deposits but also suggests the presence of thick Holocene-age cover layers which can reach up to 2 m on top of intact yedoma landforms. Reconstructed sedimentation rates of 0.10–0.57 mm yr−1 suggest sustained mineral soil accumulation across all investigated landforms. Both yedoma and thermokarst landforms are characterized by limited accumulation of organic soil layers (peat). We further estimate that an active layer deepening of about 100 cm will increase organic C availability in a seasonally thawed state in the two study areas by  ∼  5.8 Tg (13.2 kg C m−2). Our study demonstrates the importance of increasing the number of C and N storage inventories in ice-rich yedoma and thermokarst environments in order to account for high variability of permafrost and thermokarst environments in pan-permafrost soil C and N pool estimates.
Ensemble Kalman filter for the reconstruction of the Earth's mantle circulation
Authors: Bocher Marie , Fournier Alexandre , Coltice Nicolas 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Recent advances in mantle convection modeling led to the release of a new generation of convection codes, able to self-consistently generate plate-like tectonics at their surface. Those models physically link mantle dynamics to surface tectonics. Combined with plate tectonic reconstructions, they have the potential to produce a new generation of mantle circulation models that use data assimilation methods and where uncertainties in plate tectonic reconstructions are taken into account. We provided a proof of this concept by applying a suboptimal Kalman filter to the reconstruction of mantle circulation (Bocher et al., 2016). Here, we propose to go one step further and apply the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to this problem. The EnKF is a sequential Monte Carlo method particularly adapted to solve high-dimensional data assimilation problems with nonlinear dynamics. We tested the EnKF using synthetic observations consisting of surface velocity and heat flow measurements on a 2-D-spherical annulus model and compared it with the method developed previously. The EnKF performs on average better and is more stable than the former method. Less than 300 ensemble members are sufficient to reconstruct an evolution. We use covariance adaptive inflation and localization to correct for sampling errors. We show that the EnKF results are robust over a wide range of covariance localization parameters. The reconstruction is associated with an estimation of the error, and provides valuable information on where the reconstruction is to be trusted or not.
COMPARISON OF FATIGUE CRITERIA UNDER PROPORTIONAL AND NON-PROPORTIONAL MULTIAXIAL LOADING
Authors: Poisson J. L. , Méo S. , Lacroix F. , Berton G. , Hosséini M. , Ranganathan N. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTOwing to their interesting mechanical behavior and their diversity, rubberlike materials are more and more used in the industry. Previous works (Poisson et al.) presented an important experimental investigation on the multiaxial fatigue of polychloroprene rubber, with both proportional and non-proportional combinations of tension and torsion loads (with a large range of loads and three different phase angles: 0°; 90°, 180°). A fatigue criterion, based on the dissipated energy density (DED) was introduced. Comparing this parameter to the most important criteria available on literature—which are the strain energy density (SED), the cracking energy density (CED), and the Eshelby tensor—in their accuracy allows one to predict fatigue life of rubberlike material. All the predictors are computed with an analytical viscoelastic model based on the kinematics of a combined tension and torsion loading applied on a cylinder. This cylinder represents the central part of the axisymetric dumbbell specimen, and the model was identified with a polychloroprene rubber. It is finally shown that the DED and CED reach more conclusive results, provided the structure, the material, and the loads investigated.
Blue Taxi-arrest: de beperkte zekerheid van de vaststellingsovereenkomst bij vorderingen van derden
Authors: Bungener A.F. , Van Zanten-Baris A. 
Published: February 2018

Blue Taxi-arrest: de beperkte zekerheid van de vaststellingsovereenkomst bij vorderingen van derden
In deze bijdrage bespreken auteurs het arrest Blue Taxi/SFT. Dit arrest biedt verduidelijking met betrekking tot hoe het recht omtrent vaststellingsovereenkomsten dient te worden toegepast. Auteurs gaan in op de wijze waarop en de mate waarin de belangen van derden daarbij dienen te worden gerespecteerd. Auteurs geven antwoord op de vraag wanneer met een vaststellingsovereenkomst dwingend recht opzij kan worden gezet en wanneer dit binnen de contouren van de Hoge Raad niet is toegestaan. Juist dit laatste wordt in de praktijk nog wel eens over het hoofd gezien.
Naar een regierecht voor de burger in het sociale domein?
Authors: de Roo Annie , Jagtenberg Rob 
Published: February 2018

Towards a right to direct one’s family affairs in the social care domain? The Family Group Conference concept as a Legal Transplant.
The concept of family group conferences (FGCs) originated in New Zealand in 1989 as a tool and statutory right for extended family networks to arrange for the welfare and safety of a child that is neglected or abused by his/her own parents. Through successful FGCs, state intervention can be avoided while the resourcefulness of the larger community is mobilized. The concept has proliferated to many countries and therefore lends itself for analysis as a ‘legal transplant’. This contribution investigates the FGC as a transplant, focussing on how the concept has been adapted and incorporated in the legal systems of England and the Netherlands. In these two countries the ‘Big Society’ and austerity measures in the social domain are high on the policy agenda. How are such policy priorities blended – if at all – with the emancipatory ideal of granting family networks autonomy next to, or even over, publicly funded professionals? It appears that the FGC concept has been compromised in both England and the Netherlands, but in different ways.
De civiele rechter als problem solver
Authors: van Rossum Wibo , Verschoof Rick 
Published: February 2018

The civil judge as problem solver
We investigate a recent development in the practice of the civil courts: judges increasingly devote attention to the underlying conflict of parties instead of only to their legal dispute. In administrative law, this development has already been codified and termed ‘de Nieuwe zaaksbehandeling’, but not so in other areas of law.Lawyers know that social conflicts are transformed into legally viable disputes so that the court can decide on them. For a long time, the most important task for lawyers was to resolve those legal disputes. Nowadays, that does not seem to be enough: judges should become problem solvers. Civil judges seem to blend in with these new requirements, but the question is whether the new approach really works. Based on our empirical material of 100 observed cases in civil law, we answer the following questions. 1. What do judges actually do in civil cases when they address underlying conflicts and try to steer parties toward a settlement? 2. What effects do these interventions of judges have on the outcome of cases? 3. How are these interventions perceived by the parties in terms of procedural justice?
Hoger beroep in het bestuursrecht: massaal gebruik, ontevreden gebruikers
Authors: Marseille Bert , Brink Barbara , Boekema Martje 
Published: February 2018

Appeal in administrative law: massive use and dissatisfied users
In administrative law, a substantial number of citizens who are dissatisfied with government decisions go on to appeal their decision at a higher court. This article discusses how satisfied those appellants are about the procedure and the result.The data presented demonstrate a substantial difference in appreciation of the procedure between winners and losers. In addition, many appellants experience a very low degree of distributive justice. In part, people show a fundamental distrust in the administration of justice, but for a greater part, people argue that the higher court judge has not assessed their case in an expert or fair way.The most intriguing outcomes of the analysis concern the large majority, including both winners and losers, that claim that the verdict did not end the conflict with the counterparty. Additionally, almost everyone argues that they would file an appeal again, if presented with that possibility. The experienced dissatisfaction, skepticism and frustration regarding the procedure seem to have little or no influence on the willingness to return to the administrative higher court in the future.
Compartilhamento de incentivos, riscos e resultados negociais na gestão pública contemporânea: abordagem pelas parcerias público-privadas
Authors: Pereira Maria Marconiete Fernandes , Medeiros Valéria Fernandes de 
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo busca examinar o contrato administrativo aplicável às concessões de parcerias público-privadas. A abordagem é feita numa perspectiva da operacionalidade da Administração Pública na prestação de serviços públicos e na estipulação das cláusulas contratuais. Tem por objetivo identificar, no ajuste dos contratos administrativos, os critérios de desempenho de incentivos, os riscos e os resultados a serem compartilhados entre as entidades participantes. A abordagem metodologia de abordagem será qualitativa, tendo por suporte o método dedutivo lastreado em bibliografia. Na pesquisa, constata-se que a formatação contratual será alcançada quando os atores convergiram para um ambiente institucional de incentivos. Esse instrumento jurídico deve permitir que a iniciativa privada participe de forma efetiva, desse mercado, em termos de negócios públicos. Para tanto, é fundamental o compartilhamento de riscos entre os setores público e privado, buscando atingir resultados com base em parâmetros de desempenho de melhorias.
EMPREENDEDORISMO, TECNOLOGIA E INOVAÇÃO: TEMAS CONTEMPORÂNEOS NA GESTÃO DA UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA
Authors: Carvalho Sônia Marise Salles , Aveni Alessandro , Coimbra Leonardo Modesto , Montilha Herika Fernanda Dantas 
Published: February 2018

<p>Esse artigo tem como objetivo mostrar como os temas Empreendedorismo, Tecnologia e Inovação têm feito parte da agenda da Universidade de Brasília, em um importante ambiente de inovação, que é o Centro de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico/CDT. Destaca-se o pensamento moderno sobre esses temas e o impacto que pode ocasionar na qualificação da formação dos estudantes e professores, na melhor interação entre universidade, governo, sociedade e o terceiro setor (quadrupla hélice). Esses temas são relevantes como objeto de estudo pois impulsionam a universidade a ser empreendedora, mediante a vida moderna caracterizada por relações mercantis e financeirização da vida, movida pela informação, intensificação do consumo e inovação. A estratégia para lidar com a estrutura dessa sociedade pode ser conjugada por uma educação para a autonomia do sujeito. A universidade pode e deve favorecer as condições para o aprimoramento do empreendedorismo e da produção e difusão de tecnologias inovadoras. </p>
INOVAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA NA SECAGEM DO CACAU: UM ESTUDO DE VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA E BARREIRA DE ENTRADA
Authors: Amigo Fernanda Vargas , Lima Geovana Pires , Sales Jorge Henrique , Estival Katianny Gomes 
Published: February 2018

<p>A região cacaueira até os anos 80 representava uma significativa contribuição no mercado mundial de cacau, entretanto teve sua produção afetada substancialmente devido à praga da vassoura de bruxa somado a práticas ultrapassadas de beneficiamento. Atualmente a produtividade da região cacaueira ainda é muito baixa, e para voltar a ter expressividade no mercado mundial é necessário a introdução de tecnologias no setor. Desta forma, este trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo técnico/financeiro entre dois sistemas de secagem, sendo o primeiro, a forma tradicional e o segundo a proposta de um secador solar vertical, nos quais foram avaliados os efeitos térmicos de ambos os sistemas, objetivando relacionar a eficiência no processo de secagem e da viabilidade financeira entre estes. Foi empregado o método de análise financeira para comparar os sistemas, e o resultado obtido no cálculo da taxa interna de retorno (TIR) da torre foi de 135% a uma taxa de a atratividade mínima (TMA) de 10% ao mês e na barcaça para a mesma a TMA, a TIR é equivalente a 15%. O valor presente liquido (VPL) também foi calculado e o VPL da torre corresponde a R$ 49.190,90 e da barcaça R$ 7.979,25. Com estes resultados é possível concluir que a ambos os sistemas são viáveis, pois apresentam TIR maior que TMA e VPL positivo, porém a TIR e VPL da torre é substancialmente superior, desta forma possui maior atratividade. Além disso, na torre vertical o retorno do investimento ocorre desde o primeiro mês de operação, o que não acontece com a barcaça, na qual o retorno só ocorre no sexto mês. Mesmo com retorno positivo a inovação tecnológica sofre com a barreira de entrada no setor produtivo, no caso barreira cultural. </p>
Shock Compression and Melting of an Fe‐Ni‐Si Alloy: Implications for the Temperature Profile of the Earth's Core and the Heat Flux Across the Core‐Mantle Boundary
Authors: Zhang Youjun , Sekine Toshimori , Lin Jung‐Fu , He Hongliang , Liu Fusheng , Zhang Mingjian , Sato Tomoko , Zhu Wenjun , Yu Yin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the melting behavior and the thermal equation of state of Fe‐Ni alloyed with candidate light elements at conditions of the Earth's core is critical for our knowledge of the region's thermal structure and chemical composition and the heat flow across the liquid outer core into the lowermost mantle. Here we studied the shock equation of state and melting curve of an Fe‐8 wt% Ni‐10 wt% Si alloy up to ~250 GPa by hypervelocity impacts with direct velocity and reliable temperature measurements. Our results show that the addition of 10 wt% Si to Fe‐8 wt% Ni alloy slightly depresses the melting temperature of iron by ~200–300 (±200) K at the core‐mantle boundary (~136 GPa) and by ~600–800 (±500) K at the inner core‐outer core boundary (~330 GPa), respectively. Our results indicate that Si has a relatively mild effect on the melting temperature of iron compared with S and O. Our thermodynamic modeling shows that Fe‐5 wt% Ni alloyed with 6 wt% Si and 2 wt% S (which has a density‐velocity profile that matches the outer core's seismic profile well) exhibits an adiabatic profile with temperatures of ~3900 K and ~5300 K at the top and bottom of the outer core, respectively. If Si is a major light element in the core, a geotherm modeled for the outer core indicates a thermal gradient of ~5.8–6.8 (±1.6) K/km in the D″ region and a high heat flow of ~13–19 TW across the core‐mantle boundary.
Seasonal Variation of Barrier Layer in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Pan Li , Zhong Yisen , Liu Hailong , Zhou Lei , Zhang Zhaoru , Zhou Meng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe seasonal variability of barrier layer (BL) and its formation mechanism in the Southern Ocean are investigated using the most recent Argo data. The results reveal that the BL is a persistent feature in the Southern Ocean with a strong seasonal cycle. The thickest BL appears in winter with the maximum amplitude exceeding 250 m while it dramatically decreases to less than 50 m in summer. The spatial distribution of BL is zonally oriented in the Pacific and Indian Ocean sectors, which is in agreement with that of the mixed layer depth (MLD) and the isothermal layer depth (ILD). Two areas with the most prominent BL are identified. One is located south of Australia and the other in the southeastern Pacific. The BL formation in both areas is generally attributed to a shallow mixed layer controlled by surface freshwater intrusion and a deep isothermal layer modulated by seasonal vertical convection. In the former region, the cold and fresh Antarctic Surface Water (ASW) is transported northward across the Subantarctic Front (SAF) by the Ekman effect and overlies the warm Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW). The resulting inverse temperature structure facilitates the development of thick BLs. In the latter region, the BL emerges in the ventilation area where the shallow Surface Salinity Minimum Water (SSMW) coming from north leans against the deep vertical isotherms. In summer, positive surface heat flux into the ocean overwhelms other thermodynamic effects in the mixed layer heat budget. The MLD and ILD coincide and thus the BL is destroyed.
Metrics for the Evaluation of the Southern Ocean in Coupled Climate Models and Earth System Models
Authors: Russell Joellen L. , Kamenkovich Igor , Bitz Cecilia , Ferrari Raffaele , Gille Sarah T. , Goodman Paul J. , Hallberg Robert , Johnson Kenneth , Khazmutdinova Karina , Marinov Irina , Mazloff Matthew , Riser Stephen , Sarmiento Jorge L. , Speer Kevin , Talley Lynne D. , Wanninkhof Rik 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Southern Ocean is central to the global climate and the global carbon cycle, and to the climate's response to increasing levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases, as it ventilates a large fraction of the global ocean volume. Global coupled climate models and earth system models, however, vary widely in their simulations of the Southern Ocean and its role in, and response to, the ongoing anthropogenic trend. Due to the region's complex water‐mass structure and dynamics, Southern Ocean carbon and heat uptake depend on a combination of winds, eddies, mixing, buoyancy fluxes, and topography. Observationally based metrics are critical for discerning processes and mechanisms, and for validating and comparing climate and earth system models. New observations and understanding have allowed for progress in the creation of observationally based data/model metrics for the Southern Ocean. Metrics presented here provide a means to assess multiple simulations relative to the best available observations and observational products. Climate models that perform better according to these metrics also better simulate the uptake of heat and carbon by the Southern Ocean. This report is not strictly an intercomparison, but rather a distillation of key metrics that can reliably quantify the “accuracy” of a simulation against observed, or at least observable, quantities. One overall goal is to recommend standardization of observationally based benchmarks that the modeling community should aspire to meet in order to reduce uncertainties in climate projections, and especially uncertainties related to oceanic heat and carbon uptake.