bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corn (Zea mays L.) Response to Hybrid, Row Spacing, and Plant Populations in the Blacklands of Central Texas
Authors: Grichar James 
Published: August 2018

Field studies were conducted during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons in central Texas near Taylor (30.5326o N; 97.4548o W) to determine the effect of hybrid, row spacing, and plant populations on corn growth and yield. Two corn hybrids (BH 8844 and BH 8900) were compared at 53,000, 62,000, and 71,000 plants ha-1 planted one row on a single bed or twin rows (spaced approximately 20 cm apart) on a single bed. Plant counts were taken 4 to 6 wk after planting while ear height measurements were taken approximately four wk prior to corn harvest. Crop yield was determined by harvesting all eight rows of each plot with a combine. Weights were adjusted to 12% moisture. Experimental design was a factorial arrangement using a randomized complete block design with corn hybrid (2), row spacing (2), and seeding rates (3) as factors. Data were analyzed using PROC GLM with SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) and treatment means separated by Fisher's protected least significant difference test at P = 0.05. Plant height was not affected by plant populations or row spacing as only hybrid response was significant with BH 8900 being taller in both years. Row spacing affected ear height in one of two years with the twin row spacing having a taller ear placement in the dryer year. No differences were seen with ear placement with respect to plant populations. In the dry year, yield of BH 8844 decreased as plant populations increased; however, no differences were noted with BH 8900. In the wet year, the inverse was seen with increased yield with higher populations with both hybrids. The twin row system increased BH 8900 yield in 2013. In 2014, with BH 8844, the single row system outyielded twin row and no differences noted with BH 8900. The results were quite variable and this was due in part to rainfall events in the two years. Plant and ear height was influenced by hybrid while yield response was somewhat affected by population and row spacing. A hybrid x row width response was noted indicating that certain hybrids will respond to row spacing more than others.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITIES OF DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF TOMATOES (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM) ON TUMORAL CELL LINES
Authors: Tommonaro Giuseppina , Piscitelli Concetta , Lavorgna Margherita , Isidori Marina , Russo Chiara , Prisco Rocco De , Abbamondi Gennaro Roberto , Iodice Carmine 
Published: August 2018

To increase the knowledge about the biological properties of tomatoes, the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of extracts of nine cultivars of Lycopersicon esculentum, as well as their chemical composition, were studied. The highest antioxidant capacity has been revealed in San Marzano Cirio 3 and Pomodoro Giallo cultivars, both in hydrophilic and lipophilic fractions, while San Marzano, Corbarino di Corbara, and Pomodoro Giallo exhibited the best radical scavenger activity in methanolic fraction. As regards the antiproliferative activity, the median inhibition concentrations of the lipophilic extracts ranged from 272.3 (Pomodoro Giallo) to 364.4 (Corbarino di Corbara) mg dried extract L-1 on Hep-G2 and from 324.6 (San Marzano Cirio 3) to 455.4 (Nero di Sicilia) on Caco-2. The methanolic extracts were more active on Caco-2 than Hep-G2, while the hydrophilic extracts were not active. These biological properties could be ascribed to the identified carotenoids and phenolic acids as well as to a pull of minor compounds exerting their synergistic effect.
A STUDY ON THE IMPORTANCE OF TRADE UNIONS IN ORGANIZATION
Authors: Prasath Selvaraju Arun 
Published: August 2018

This research is going to cover the trade union activity and their importance to the employees and the organization itself at the public service management division. Trade unions are association of employees designed primarily to maintain or improve the condition of employment of its members. Trade unions are important in organization because they make sure the employee is satisfied with the working conditions and any violated from their rights and that they have a fair rate of pay of their services rendered to the organization.
This project looks at the importance of a trade union in an organization and how the employees feel about their activities and how the management operate with the trade union in the organization and the advantages and the disadvantages of a trade union in terms of what the employees benefit from being a trade union member in the organization. The sample size that was used was 30 at the public service management division.
The research will help me to gain slight on how trade unions operate in the organization. I used the questionnaire to gather data from the employees and the method that was used to collect information was the primary data and the secondary data. which helped to get the answers to my objectives.
PERCEPTION OF FEMALE LEADERS IN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING IN EKITI STATE
Authors: Akinwale Evelyn 
Published: August 2018

To scholars, women in leadership positions have been stereotyped to be unfit and inexperienced to occupy traditional leadership positions unlike their male counterparts. A fundamental challenge to women's leadership arises from the mismatch between the qualities traditionally associated with leaders and those traditionally associated with women in general. Women in leadership positions are not treated equally with men in leadership positions ( Nick, 2007;Sayu, 2012 ). However, this research reveals the perception of Ekiti state female leaders in Higher Institutions on their leadership positions. Through interviews with selected female leaders in three higher institutions of learning, questions delved into how these female leaders see themselves in the line of their duties. The study tends to feel the pulse of female leaders about the leadership positions they are occupying since the impression they have about themselves matters a lot before considering other peopleâ€™s perception about them.
The study adopts quantitative methodology and gathered its data directly from personal interview as well as the use of questionnaire for its survey. Findings indicate that Nigerian Institutions of Higher Learning are increasingly becoming forerunners in gender sensitivity. Female Leaders admitted that they were given equal chances of leading their units and their rights were not denied them in their professions. However, there are few instances where their male counterparts, though subtly, discriminate against the female leaders and prove uncooperative probably, due to cultural background and beliefs in Nigeria which are still in favour of male leaders. The paper concludes that female leaders, through merit, stand an equal chance of being elected and selected leaders in an academic environment. The findings nullified the fears of women with academic excellence seeking leadership positions and suggested ways by which equity in leadership positions can be encouraged.
Conservation and Preservation of Nature Reserves, Monuments andSpecial Architectural or Historic Interest in Nigeria: Towards Promotion of Sustainable Cultural Tourism
Authors: Osefoh Francis Chuma 
Published: August 2018

Some of the renowned world tourism countries have special peculiarities in character in terms of their nature reserves and built environments; that made them stand out for their attractions and visits. These qualities range from conservation and preservation of nature reserves, built environments- epoch architectural supports over the years; historical heritage; political; religious; socio-economic; cultural; andÂ high technology that enhance culture. The virtues of multi- ethnic groups and multi- cultural nature gave Nigeria a rich cultural heritage, and she is blessed with natural wonders, unique wildlife, and a very favorable climate. More often than not less attention and importance are placed over the nature reserves and built environments to the detriment of tourism in lieu of other sectors. Summarily the country lacks the culture of conservation and preservation of her abundant resources to promote cultural tourism. Case study strategy was applied in the research tours with reports of personal experiences, documentaries and analyses of sites visited in Europe and Nigeria were highlighted with references to their attributes in terms of structures and features that made up the sites as relate to culture and attraction.The task in keeping rural, city landscapes and nature reserves alive stands out as the secret of communication link from the past to present and the future; which tourism developed nations reap as benefits for tourist attraction.
Who Cares for Poor? A Case Study on Beggars in India
Authors: Saini Dr. Menka , Khan Prof. Jabir Hasan , Hassan Tarique 
Published: August 2018

The present empirical study aims to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of beggar population and to find out the causes of begging. The adverse effects of this profession on the health, incidence of bad habits among the beggars and the problems faced by them have been also taken into account. The study is based on primary source of data, collected through the field survey and direct questionnaire to the respondents in the Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh during 2009. The study reveals that beggars are the most deprived section of the society who begged for sustaining their livelihood, living in abject poverty and on the mercy of people. It has been found that majority of beggars belongs to adult age-group (15-44), while, share of dependant population (particularly 0 to 15 years young age group) is higher in the rural areas of the district. The incidence of early marriages and big household size are very common among the beggars in the study area. Moreover, 86.5 per cent beggarsâ€™ population was illiterate and the average daily income of the beggars is Â 51-100 per day. The major causes which compelled them to engage themselves in begging are poverty, casteism and illiteracy. Majority of them suffer from tuberculosis, followed by anemia, weakness, leprosy etc. Poverty, low income, unemployment, low standard of housing and lack of civic amenities and facilities are their major problems
Cyber-Ethnography and Youth Cultures
Authors: Hernández Dr. Esperanza Viloria , Huerta Dr. Christian Fernandez , Ortiz Marin Dr. Angel Manuel , Santillan Briceno Dr. Victoria Elena 
Published: August 2018

The object of study is the research of youth phenomena, which is, linked to the expansion of opportunities for socialization of young people, particularly those related to interactive cyberspace mobility. This confirms the sociocultural processes where youth culture makes sense, in the temporary space and the cultural context where they take place.
Assumptions allied to the purpose of investigating the vision of young students from public universities in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico and Viedma, Rio Negro, Argentina. We are convinced that moving through cyberspace research by means of digital mediation can provide the advantage of new ways of organizing information, in addition to aid in expanding the ways information is analyzed and interpreted.
Qualitative research of Cyberethnographics whose development favors the construction of a specific methodological model for sighting, examining and identifying the sense and action that young people produce. It is that description, the core purpose of this present work.
Idiomatic Expressions in Translation
Authors: JABBARI MOHAMMAD JAFAR 
Published: August 2018

There is no language without its own collection of idiomatic expressions. They are expressions with a figurative meaning different from its Â literal meaning. Idiomatic expressions play a very important role in the establishment of rapport. They are two or more words syntactically related, with a meaning like a single syntactic unit whose meaning is not predictable from its component words. It is said that without a sound knowledge of idioms one's language will remain foreign. Idiomatic expression is a universal feature of language, though different languages may use literally different idiomatic expressions serving the same function. Owing to these complexities, rendering the idiomaticity of expressions from a source into a target language has always been problematic. This study aimes to scrutinize some aspects of the translation of idiomatic expressions. To this end, Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath is compared with two versions of its translation into Persian.
Social media revolution - The new digital frontiers of Journalism
Authors: Mishra Kaveri Devi 
Published: August 2018

Social media has become a phenomenon with the advent of technology and rapid rise in the reach across the world. It has made inroads in almost every sphere of business, communication and marketing.
Post globalization, Indian media industry has witnessed a sea change and revamped itself tremendously to be part of changing global scenario. Social media today, has become an integral part of the media industry, whether it is news deliverance, marketing or advertising. The social media revolution has changed and will continue to change journalism and news organizations.
Social media as a powerful tool has been realized largely across Indian Media industry, its importance is no longer debated. Therefore, the Indian media has successfully embraced social media technology and digital shift to widen and expanding their reach and exposure. The business strategies have widened and given a facelift; the social media platform has been effectively efficient used for expanding their business networks, whether news deliverance, advertising or other user generated content.
This paper aims at examining and exploring the role, growth and challenges of digital and Social media with a case study approach on Indian Media Industry.
Enlargement of A Local Group To A Group
Authors: Hosseini Arezoo , Mohamadnia Leila 
Published: August 2018

Local lie groups are introduced by Cartan [1]. Local groups are local lie groups without topologically property. The aim of this paper is to find conditions that a local group is contained in a group . It is showed in the example 3.2 that every local groups is not gllobaly associative . Then it may not be extended to a group.
An Interactive Dynamic Fuzzy Goal Programming for Bi-level Multiobjective Linear Fractional Programming Problems.
Authors: ABO-SINNA MAHMOUD A , Amer Azza H 
Published: August 2018

This paper presents an interactive dynamic fuzzy goal programming (DFGP) approach for solving bi-level multiobjective linear fractional programming (BL MOLFP) problems with the characteristics of dynamic programming (DP). In the proposed approach, the membership function of the objective goals of a problem with fuzzy aspiration levels are defined first as the membership function for vector of fuzzy goals of the decision variables controlled by firstâ€“level decision maker are developed first in the model formulation of the problem. The method of variable change, on the under and over deviational variables of the membership goals associated with the fuzzy goals of the model, is introduced to solve the problem efficiently by using linear goal programming (LGP) methodology. Then, under the framework of preemptive priority based GP, a multi stage DP model of the problem is used for achievement of the highest degree (unity) of each of the membership functions. In the decision process, the goal satisficing philosophy of GP is used recursively to arrive at the most satisfactory solution and the suggested algorithm to simplify the solution procedure by DP at each stage is proposed. This paper is considered as an extension work of Mahmoud A. Abo-Sinna and Ibrahim A. Baky (2010) by using dynamic approach. Finally, this approach is illustrated by a given numerical example.
Modeling the Behavior of Inflation Rate in Albania Using Time Series
Authors: Liko Rozana 
Published: August 2018

In this paper, time series theory is used to modelling monthly inflation data in Albania during the period from January 2000 to December 2016. The autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (ARCH) and their extensions, generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH)) models are used to better fit the data. The study reveals that the inflation series is stationary, non-normality and has serial correlation. Based on minimum AIC and SIC values the best model turn to be GARCH (1, 1) model with mean equation ARMA (2, 1)x(2, 0)12. Based on the selected model one year of inflation is forecasted (from January 2016 to December 2016).
Further Acceleration of the Simpson Method for Solving Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Thukral Rajinder 
Published: August 2018

There are two aims of this paper, firstly, we present an improvement of the classical Simpson third-order method for finding zeros a nonlinear equation and secondly, we introduce a new formula for approximating second-order derivative. The new Simpson-type method is shown to converge of the order four. Per iteration the new method requires same amount of evaluations of the function and therefore the new method has an efficiency index better than the classical Simpson method. We examine the effectiveness of the new fourth-order Simpson-type method by approximating the simple root of a given nonlinear equation. Numerical comparisons is made with classical Simpson method to show the performance of the presented method.
Estimates of Solutions to Nonlinear Evolution Equations
Authors: Ramm Alexander G. 
Published: August 2018

Consider the equation
u’(t) = A (t, u (t)), u(0)= U0 ; u' := du/dt (1).
Under some assumptions on the nonlinear operator A(t,u) it is proved that problem (1) has a unique global solution and this solution satisfies the following estimate
||u (t)|| < µ (t) -1 for every t belongs to R+ = [0,infinity).
Here µ(t) > 0, µ belongs to C1 (R+), is a suitable function and the norm ||u || is the norm in a Banach space X with the property ||u (t) ||’ <= ||u’ (t) ||.
Global existence and uniqueness of the solution to a nonlinear parabolic equation
Authors: Ramm Alexander G. 
Published: August 2018

Consider the equation
u’ (t) - u + | u |p u = 0, u(0) = u0(x), (1),
where u’ := du/dt , p = const > 0, x E R3, t > 0.
Assume that u0 is a smooth and decaying function,
||u0|| = sup |u(x, t)|.
x E R3 ,t E R+
It is proved that problem (1) has a unique global solution and this
solution satisfies the following estimate
||u(x, t)|| < c,
where c > 0 does not depend on x, t.
Â¬Â¬Chromium fluoride-containing bioactive glasses: Structure and properties
Authors: Damrawi G.El 
Published: August 2018

Bioglasses in the system 24.5Na2O.24.5CaO.6P2O5.xCrF2.(45-x)SiO2 have been studied in the composition region of x= 0-10 mol%. CrF2. Glass of molar ratio (Ca+Na)/SiO2 ~1.1 is the base material for the glasses containing different CrF2 concentrations. X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetriy (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Vicher hardness (Hv) measurements have been carried out. Crystalline feature of the glasses is followed up by XRD spectroscopy. It is found that crystallinity was enhanced via CrF2 addition. More enhancement was confirmed via thermal heat treatment process. Increasing CrF2 and sintering temperature will induce new ordered phases which will be distributed in the main glassy phase. Well formed flouroapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F and wollastonite Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3 phases containing fluorine and chromium ions are evidenced in CrF2 containing glasses. Increasing glass transition temperature Tg and hardness number Hv upon increasing CrF2 concentration was discussed on bases of formation of additional bonds by the effect of CrF2 molecules. The measured temperature window between Tc and Tg was found to have a great influence in material structure. Wide window is a feature of amorphous glass which free from CrF2. The window scale is found to quickly decrease with increasing CrF2, since crystalline phases are already formed in glasses containing CrF2. Formation of crystalline intermediate phases with more shielded silicate and phosphate structural is considered as the main reason for increasing Tg and (Hv) of the glasses. EDS as well as XRD analyzed spectra confirm that crystalline wollastonite of calcium inosilicate mineral (CaSiO3) phase is well formed. The wollastonite species is evidenced to contain small amounts of chromium and fluorine ions which are substituting for calcium cations. Wollastonite phases with Cr/Si=1 is the most dominant type. This ratio is a characteristic feature of crystalline CaSiO3 species. Small concentration from fluorine ions are involved in apatite phases. Presence of both crystalline apatite and wollastonite in the sample matrix promotes its biocompatibility, particularly orthopedic bioactivity. As a consequence, some of investigated glasses are recommended to be applicable in dental field of applications. This depends on its own crystallinity, hardness, its apatite and wollastonite concentration as biocompatible phases in the crystallized glass
CRYSTALLINE ACCOMMODATION LAW EXPLAINS THE CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OF MATERIALS
Authors: El Ashram Dr. Tarek 
Published: August 2018

All crystalline materials crystallize in one of seven crystalline systems which have different shapes and sizes. Why crystalline materials take particular forms of crystals and what make the atoms arrange themselves in these forms. Actually, until now there is no well defined law can account for the crystalline structure of materials. Here we show that the crystalline accommodation law, which is theoretically derived and experimentally verified, can explain the crystalline structure of all types of phases. This law is derived directly from the quantum conditions on the free electrons Fermi gas inside the crystal. The new law relates both the volume of Fermi sphere VF and volume of Brillouin zone VB to the valence electron concentration VEC as, for all crystalline systems and phases, where n is the number of atoms per lattice point or primitive cell. Also because of this law, we introduce the occupied electronic quantum states notation (OEQS), which determine the number of occupied zones in the valence band.
ZnS/Cu2ZnSnS4/CdTe/In Thin Film Structure for Solar Cells
Authors: Jafarov Maarif Ali , Nasirov E.F. , Jahangirova S.A. 
Published: August 2018

A solar cell with glass/ITO/ZnS/Cu2ZnSnS4/CdTe/In structure has been fabricated using all-electrodeposited ZnS, Cu2ZnSnS4 and CdTe thin films. The three semiconductor layers were electrodeposited using a two-electrode system for process simplification. The incorporation of a wide bandgap amorphous ZnS as a buffer/window layer to form ITO/ZnS/Cu2ZnSnS4/CdTe/In solar cell resulted in the formation of this 3-layer device structure. This has yielded corresponding improvement in all the solar cell parameters resulting in a conversion efficiency >12% under AM1.5 illumination conditions at room temperature. These results demonstrate the advantages of the multi-layer device architecture over the conventional 2-layer structure.