bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Layer formation and relaminarisation in plane Couette flow with spanwise stratification
Authors: Lucas Dan , Caulfield C. P. , Kerswell Rich R. 
Published: April 2019

In this paper we investigate the effect of stable stratification on plane Couette flow when gravity is oriented in the spanwise direction. When the flow is turbulent we observe near-wall layering and associated new mean flows in the form of large-scale spanwise-flattened streamwise rolls. The layers exhibit the expected buoyancy scaling $l_{z}\sim U/N$ where $U$ is a typical horizontal velocity scale and $N$ the buoyancy frequency. We associate the new coherent structures with a stratified modification of the well-known large-scale secondary circulation in plane Couette flow. We find that the possibility of the transition to sustained turbulence is controlled by the relative size of this buoyancy scale to the spanwise spacing of the streaks. In parts of parameter space transition can also be initiated by a newly discovered linear instability in this system (Facchini et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 853, 2018, pp. 205–234). When wall turbulence can be sustained the linear instability opens up new routes in phase space for infinitesimal disturbances to initiate turbulence. When the buoyancy scale suppresses turbulence the linear instability leads to more ordered nonlinear states, with the possibility for intermittent bursts of secondary shear instability.
DEFINABLY SIMPLE STABLE GROUPS WITH FINITARY GROUPS OF AUTOMORPHISMS
Authors: KARHUMÄKI ULLA 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe prove that infinite definably simple locally finite groups of finite centraliser dimension are simple groups of Lie type over locally finite fields. Then, we identify conditions on automorphisms of a stable group that make it resemble the Frobenius maps, and allow us to classify definably simple stable groups in the specific case when they admit such automorphisms.
Associated cultivated plants in tomato cropping systems structure arthropod communities and increase theHelicoverpa armigeraregulation
Authors: Dassou A.G. , Vodouhè S.D. , Bokonon-Ganta A. , Goergen G. , Chailleux A. , Dansi A. , Carval D. , Tixier P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCultivating plant mixtures is expected to provide a higher productivity and a better control of pests and diseases. The structure of the arthropod community is a major driver of the magnitude of natural pest regulations.With the aim of optimizing pest management, a study was carried out to determine the effect of the cropping system type (tomato mono-cropping vs. mixed-cropping) on the diversity and abundance of arthropods from three trophic groups (herbivores, omnivores, predators) and the abundance ofHelicoverpa armigera. Therefore, the diversity of cultivated plants and arthropod communities was assessed within tomato fields from 30 farmer's fields randomly selected in South of Benin. Results showed that the arthropod abundance was significantly higher in mixed-cropping systems compared with mono-cropping systems, although the crop type did not alter significantly the arthropod diversity, evenness, and richness. At the level of taxa, the abundances of generalist predators including ants (Pheidolespp., andPaltothyreus tarsatus) and spiders (Araneusspp. andErigonesp.) were significantly higher in mixed fields than in mono-crop fields. Then, the abundances of omnivore-predator trophic groups have a negative significant effect on theH. armigeraabundance. This study allowed better understanding of how plant diversity associated to tomato fields structures arthropod's food webs to finally enhance the ecological management ofH. armigera.
Selection of parents and estimation of genetic parameters using BLUP and molecular methods for lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) breeding program in Argentina
Authors: Bermejo Carolina , Cazzola Federico , Maglia Fernando , Cointry Enrique 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe most important objective of lentil breeding programs is to develop new genotypes that are genetically more productive. Besides, it is necessary that the varieties obtained have short flowering cycles to allow the later sowing of summer crops. Selection is based through phenotypic means; however, we argue it should be based on genetic or breeding values because quantitative traits are often influenced by environments and genotype–environment interactions. The objectives of this study were to: (i) identify genotypes with the highest merit; (ii) estimate genetic parameters to know the genetic control of morphological traits in macrosperma and microsperma lentil types using best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP). Twenty-five recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from six F4 families selected on the basis of precocity and high yields were tested in four environments for important quantitative traits. The analysis of variance showed significant differences between genotypes, environments, and genotype–environment interactions for all the traits. Seven macrosperma- and two microsperma-type RILs were selected. Based on average ranking from breeding values and molecular data obtained with sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), the same genotypes were selected. Genotypic coefficients of variation, heritability across and by environment, and genetic correlation coefficients using BLUP were obtained. According to our results BLUP could replace molecular analysis methods because the selection process was simpler, more cost-effective, and more accurate. The breeding value of parents would give a better ranking of their genetic value than would their phenotypic value; therefore, the selection efficiency would be enhanced and the genetic gain would be more predictable. The selected genotypes could become potential commercial varieties or be used as parental lines in future hybridization programs.
Transplanting improves the allometry and fiber quality of Bt cotton in cotton–wheat cropping system
Authors: Shah Muhammad Asghar , Hussain Mubshar , Shahzad Muhammad , Jabran Khawar , Ul-Allah Sami , Farooq Muhammad 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn cotton–wheat cropping system of Pakistan, wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) is harvested in late April; however, the optimum sowing time of Bt cotton is mid-March. This indicates a time difference of 4–6 weeks between the harvest of wheat and cotton sowing. It is hypothesized that this overlapping period may be managed by transplanting cotton seedlings (30–45 days old) in late April, after the harvest of wheat due to better performance of already established seedlings. To this end, this study was conducted to evaluate the allometric traits and fiber quality of transplanted Bt cotton after harvesting wheat in the cotton–wheat cropping system. The Bt cotton–wheat cropping systems were flat sown wheat (FSW)–conventionally tilled cotton, FSW–zero tilled cotton, ridge sown wheat–ridge transplanted cotton using 30- and 45-days-old seedlings, and bed sown wheat (BSW)–bed transplanted cotton (BTC) also using 30- and 45-days-old seedlings. The study was conducted at Vehari and Multan in Punjab, Pakistan. Bt cotton in BSW–BTC with 45-days-old seedlings showed better performance for allometric (leaf area index; (LAI), net assimilation rate; (NAR), and crop growth rate; (CGR)), seed cotton yield, and fiber traits (fiber uniformity, fiber length, fiber strength, and fiber fineness) in comparison to other treatments. Most of the fiber quality traits were positively correlated with allometric traits and biological yield (dry matter yield at maturity) at both locations, except correlations of CGR and LAI with fiber fineness and fiber length and NAR with fiber length. As plant growth and fiber quality of transplanted cotton was significantly higher than conventionally grown cotton, our data indicate transplanting is an interesting management practice for improving productivity in wheat–cotton cropping systems.
Augmenting ENT surgery outside the medical school curriculum: the role of a 1-day otolaryngology course
Authors: Spiers H , Enayati H , Moussa R , Zargaran A , Thomas A , Murtaza A , Turki M , Ofo E 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundENT is highly under-represented in the saturated UK medical school curriculum, comprising less than 1 per cent of the curriculum. A 1-day course was implemented in order to raise awareness of ENT among medical students, educate them in the specialty and teach a basic skill.MethodsThe skills day comprised lectures by consultants followed by a consultant-led workshop teaching tracheostomy. Pre- and post-course questionnaires assessed perceptions of ENT, confidence performing tracheostomy and interest in ENT as a career.ResultsPerceptions of ENT as a specialty were improved by up to 80 per cent (p < 0.01). There was improved understanding of and confidence in performing tracheostomies. Interest in a career in ENT was increased by 77 per cent (p < 0.01).ConclusionA 1-day course run by a student body can be a powerful adjunct to the medical school curriculum, in terms of educating undergraduates in ENT and inspiring the pursuit of ENT as a career.
Maternal mental health and infant emotional reactivity: a 20-year two-cohort study of preconception and perinatal exposures
Authors: Spry Elizabeth , Moreno-Betancur Margarita , Becker Denise , Romaniuk Helena , Carlin John B. , Molyneaux Emma , Howard Louise M. , Ryan Joanne , Letcher Primrose , McIntosh Jennifer , Macdonald Jacqui A. , Greenwood Christopher J. , Thomson Kimberley C. , McAnally Helena , Hancox Robert , Hutchinson Delyse M. , Youssef George J. , Olsson Craig A. , Patton George C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundMaternal mental health during pregnancy and postpartum predicts later emotional and behavioural problems in children. Even though most perinatal mental health problems begin before pregnancy, the consequences of preconception maternal mental health for children's early emotional development have not been prospectively studied.MethodsWe used data from two prospective Australian intergenerational cohorts, with 756 women assessed repeatedly for mental health problems before pregnancy between age 13 and 29 years, and during pregnancy and at 1 year postpartum for 1231 subsequent pregnancies. Offspring infant emotional reactivity, an early indicator of differential sensitivity denoting increased risk of emotional problems under adversity, was assessed at 1 year postpartum.ResultsThirty-seven percent of infants born to mothers with persistent preconception mental health problems were categorised as high in emotional reactivity, compared to 23% born to mothers without preconception history (adjusted OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4–3.1). Ante- and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms were similarly associated with infant emotional reactivity, but these perinatal associations reduced somewhat after adjustment for prior exposure. Causal mediation analysis further showed that 88% of the preconception risk was a direct effect, not mediated by perinatal exposure.ConclusionsMaternal preconception mental health problems predict infant emotional reactivity, independently of maternal perinatal mental health; while associations between perinatal depressive symptoms and infant reactivity are partially explained by prior exposure. Findings suggest that processes shaping early vulnerability for later mental disorders arise well before conception. There is an emerging case for expanding developmental theories and trialling preventive interventions in the years before pregnancy.
Design and Implementation of a Facial Character Analysis Algorithm for Humanoid Robots
Authors: Göngör Fatma , Tutsoy Önder 
Published: April 2019

SummaryHumanoid robots (HR) equipped with a sophisticated facial character analysis (FCA) algorithm can able to initiate crucial improvements in human–robot interactions. This paper, for the first time in the literature, proposes a three-stage FCA algorithm for the HR. At the initial stage of this algorithm, the HR detects the face with the Viola–Jones algorithm, and then important facial distance measurements are obtained with the geometric-based facial distance measurement technique. Finally, the measured facial distances are evaluated with the physiognomy science to reveal the characteristic properties of a person. Even though the proposed algorithm can be implemented to all HR, in this paper, it has been specifically applied to NAO HR. The reliability of the developed FCA algorithm is verified by analyzing each terminal decision about the character and its connection with the measured facial distances in the anatomy science.
IMU-Based Gait Phase Recognition for Stroke Survivors
Authors: Lou Yu , Wang Rongli , Mai Jingeng , Wang Ninghua , Wang Qining 
Published: April 2019

SummaryUsing wearable robots is an effective means of rehabilitation for stroke survivors, and effective recognition of human motion intentions is a key premise in controlling wearable robots. In this paper, we propose an inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based gait phase detection system. The system consists of two IMUs that are tied on the thigh and on the shank, respectively, for collecting acceleration and angular velocity. Features were extracted using a sliding window of 150 ms in length, which was then fed into a quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) classifier for classification. We recruited five stroke survivors to test our system. They walked at their own preferred speed on the level ground. Experimental results show that our proposed system has the ability of recognizing the gait phase of stroke survivors. All recognition accuracy results are above 96.5%, and detections are about 5–15 ms in advance of time. In addition, using only one IMU can also give reliable recognition results. This paper proposes an idea about the further research on human–computer interaction for the control of wearable robots.
Assessment of the Effect of Energy Consumption on Trajectory Improvement for a Car-like Robot
Authors: Valero Francisco , Rubio Francisco , Llopis-Albert Carlos 
Published: April 2019

SummaryReducing the energy consumed by a car-like mobile robot makes it possible to move at a lower cost, yet it takes more working time. This paper proposes an optimization algorithm for trajectories with optimal times and analyzes the consequences of restricting the energy consumed on the trajectory obtained for a car-like robot. When modeling the dynamic behavior of the vehicle, it is necessary to consider its inertial parameters, the behavior of the motor, and the basic properties of the tire in its interaction with the ground. To obtain collision-free, minimum-time trajectories quadratic sequential optimization techniques are used, where the objective function is the time taken by the robot to move between two given configurations. This is subject to constraints relating to the vehicle and tires as well as the energy consumed, which is the basis for this paper. We work with a real random distribution of consumed energy values following a normal Gaussian distribution in order to analyze its influence on the trajectories obtained by the vehicle. The energy consumed, the time taken, the maximum velocity reached, and the distance traveled are analyzed in order to characterize the properties of the trajectories obtained. The proposed algorithm has been applied to 101 examples, showing that the computational times needed to obtain the solutions are always lower than those required to realize the trajectories. The results obtained allow us to reach conclusions about the energy efficiency of the trajectories.
Differentiating scalar implicature from exclusion inferences in language acquisition
Authors: SULLIVAN Jessica , DAVIDSON Kathryn , WADE Shirlene , BARNER David 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDuring acquisition, children must learn both the meanings of words and how to interpret them in context. For example, children must learn the logical semantics of the scalar quantifier some and its pragmatically enriched meaning: ‘some but not all’. Some studies have shown that ‘scalar implicature’ – that some implies ‘some but not all’ – poses a challenge even to nine-year-olds, while others find success by age three. We asked whether reports of children's successes might be due to the computation of exclusion inferences (like contrast or mutual exclusivity) rather than scalar implicatures. We found that young children (N = 214; ages 4;0–7;11) sometimes compute symmetrical exclusion inferences rather than asymmetric scalar inferences. These data suggest that a stronger burden of evidence is required in studies of implicature; before concluding that children compute implicatures, researchers should first show that children exhibit sensitivity to asymmetric entailment in the task.
A rare association of left pulmonary artery sling with right pulmonary hypoplasia and total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: Kitadai Yuzo , Kan Nobuhiko , Tsukimori Kiyomi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe present the second reported case of left pulmonary artery sling with dextrocardia, right pulmonary hypoplasia, and total pulmonary venous connection in a fetus. This case highlights the importance of the determination of pulmonary artery arrangement by fetal echocardiography if right pulmonary hypoplasia and/or congenital heart disease is suspected.
Cardiovascular Events after the Sewol Ferry Disaster, South Korea
Authors: Kong So Yeon , Song Kyoung Jun , Shin Sang Do , Ro Young Sun 
Published: April 2019

Background:Major incidents affecting large numbers of people may increase the rate of acute cardiovascular events, even among those who are not directly involved in the incident. It is hypothesized that the MV Sewol ferry disaster (South Korea) would increase the incidence of cardiovascular events nation-wide.Methods:Data on all adult patients (&gt;18 years) who were diagnosed with acute cardiovascular events, including acute myocardial infarction (MI), angina, and cardiac arrhythmias, were extracted from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) from March 15 through June 17, during the years 2011-2014 (four weeks before to eight weeks after the event date). Poisson regression models were used to calculate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing the weekly changes in the occurrences of cardiovascular events from the week of the Sewol event (April 16-22, 2014) to eight weeks after the disaster (June 11-17, 2014), using the one-month period before Sewol as a reference period (March 15-April 15), adjusting for calendar years (years 2011-2014) and environmental factors.Results:During the study periods, cardiovascular events were identified in 73,823 patients. Compared to the reference period, the week of the Sewol disaster and the three weeks after the disaster showed a significant increase in the number of acute cardiovascular events, IRRs of 1.09 (95% CI, 1.03-1.15) and 1.08 (95% CI, 1.02-1.15), respectively (P &lt;.01 for both). In particular, there was 21% increase in incidence of arrhythmia (IRR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.02-1.44; P = .03) during the week of the Sewol disaster compared with the reference period.Conclusion:This study showed a significant increase in the incidence of acute cardiovascular events during the week of, and the three weeks after, the Sewol ferry disaster in 2014. These additional cardiac emergencies may be triggered by emotional stressors related to the event, highlighting the public health importance of indirect exposure to a tragic catastrophe.Kong SY, Song KJ, Shin SD, Ro YS. Cardiovascular events after the Sewol ferry disaster, South Korea. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(2):142–148
Political Legacies: Understanding Their Significance to Contemporary Political Debates
Authors: Fong Christian , Malhotra Neil , Margalit Yotam 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTPoliticians bequeath an important legacy after they leave office: the public’s memories of their time in office. Indeed, the media often discuss legacy concerns as a key motivation of politicians. Yet, there has been little empirical analysis of how politicians’ legacies are interpreted and used by the mass public. Analyzing millions of comments from online discussion forums, we show that citizens frequently mobilize memories of past politicians in their discussions of current events. A randomized survey experiment rationalizes such invocations of past politicians: they bolster the persuasiveness of contemporary arguments—particularly bad ones—but only when made in the context of a policy domain specifically associated with a past politician. Our findings suggest that politicians have a strong interest in cultivating a positive, broad, and enduring legacy because memories of them influence policy debates long after they leave office.
In utero sFlt-1 exposure differentially affects gene expression patterns in fetal liver
Authors: Stojanovska V. , Holwerda K. M. , van der Graaf A. M. , Verkaik-Schakel R. N. , Boekschoten M. V. , Faas M. M. , Scherjon S. A. , Plösch T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase factor 1 (sFlt-1) is a major contributor to antiangiogenesis during preeclampsia. However, little is known about the effects of sFlt-1 on fetal health. In this study we aim to evaluate the effects of the sFlt-1 concentration during pregnancy on fetal liver physiology. We used adenoviral gene delivery in Sprague-Dawley dams (seven females, 10 weeks old) during mid-gestation (gestational day 8) with adenovirus overexpressing sFlt-1, and age-matched controls (six females, 10 weeks old) with empty adenoviral virus in order to quantify the sFlt-1 concentrations in pregnant dams. Dams exposed to adenoviral sFlt-1 delivery were subdivided into a low (n=4) and high sFlt-1 (n=3) group based on host response to the virus. One-way analysis of variance showed that fetuses (five per dam) exposed to high sFlt-1 concentrations in utero show fetal growth restriction (1.84±0.043 g high sFlt-1 v. 2.32±0.036 g control; mean (M)±s.e.m.; P<0.001), without hypertension or proteinuria in the dams. In continuation, the microarray analysis of the fetal liver of the high sFlt-1 group showed significant enrichment of key genes for fatty acid metabolism and Ppara targets. In addition, using pyrosequencing, we found that the Ppara enrichment in the high sFlt-1 group is accompanied by decreased methylation of its promoter (1.89±0.097 mean % methylation in high sFlt-1 v. 2.26±0.095 mean % methylation in control, M±s.e.m., P<0.02). Our data show that high sFlt-1 concentrations during pregnancy have detrimental effects on the fatty acid metabolism genes and the Ppara targets in the fetal liver.