bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Customised growth charts in large‐for‐gestational‐age infants and the association with emergency caesarean section rate
Authors: Pritchard Natasha , Lindquist Anthea , Hiscock Richard , Diksha Prerna , Walker Susan P. , Permezel Michael 
Published: August 2018

Background and AimLarge‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) infants are at increased risk of intrapartum complications. However, some infants classified as LGA may be appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) if adjusted for maternal stature. We determined whether customisation of birthweight centiles by maternal height, or height and weight, improves the detection of LGA infants at risk of complications.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 38 246 term, singleton nulliparous women. We compared population birthweight centiles to those customised by height, or height and weight for complications including intrapartum caesarean section, instrumental delivery, postpartum haemorrhage, anal sphincter injury and neonatal outcomes.ResultsThose considered LGA when customised for height but AGA by population centiles (LGA‐ht‐only) were at increased risk of intrapartum emergency caesarean section compared with infants AGA on all charts (AGA‐all); odds ratio (OR) 4.64, 95% CI 3.22–6.76. In contrast, infants considered LGA on population charts, but AGA when customised by height (LGA‐pop‐only) were not at increased risk compared to the AGA‐all group (OR 1.43, 95% CI 0.70–1.88). Infants classified as LGA‐ht‐only compared to LGA‐pop‐only remained at significantly higher risk after adjustment for potential confounders (aOR 3.27; 95% CI 2.02–5.31). No difference was seen for any other outcomes. No benefit was seen with customisation by both maternal height and weight.ConclusionWomen with an infant classified as AGA on population centiles but LGA when customised for height are at increased risk of intrapartum caesarean section. This is a population unrecognised in current practice. Fetal growth should be customised for maternal height when making assessments regarding the LGA infant.
A critical analysis of technology‐enhanced learning design frameworks
Authors: Bower Matt , Vlachopoulos Panos 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNumerous models have been developed to help teachers efficiently and effectively design learning opportunities using new and emerging technologies. However, the literature to date makes little reference to the variation that exists within the models and frameworks as far as their scope, context, epistemological and pedagogical underpinnings and so on. In this paper, we critically contrast models of technology‐enhanced learning design in order to support educator selection of models, as well as to derive an overarching understanding of how learning design models may differ ontologically. A total of 21 models were selected from a systematic search of the technology‐enhanced learning design research literature. Findings indicated that technology‐enhanced learning design models can be differentiated according to whether they constitute a conceptual framework or a procedural method, their epistemological and pedagogical underpinnings, the level of granularity of the model, the extent to which contextual elements are considered, whether interactions between teachers and students are integral, whether guidance for selecting technologies is included and whether any sort of evaluation of the model has been conducted. The utility of each of these dimensions in terms of supporting technology‐enhanced learning design is considered, and the value more broadly of learning design models is critically discussed.
Men and women respond differently to rapid weight loss: Metabolic outcomes of a multi‐centre intervention study after a low‐energy diet in 2500 overweight, individuals with pre‐diabetes (PREVIEW)
Authors: Christensen Pia , Meinert Larsen Thomas , Westerterp‐Plantenga Margriet , Macdonald Ian , Martinez J. Alfredo , Handjiev Svetoslav , Poppitt Sally , Hansen Sylvia , Ritz Christian , Astrup Arne , Pastor‐Sanz Laura , Sandø‐Pedersen Finn , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. , Sundvall Jouko , Drummen Mathijs , Taylor Moira A. , Navas‐Carretero Santiago , Handjieva‐Darlenska Teodora , Brodie Shannon , Silvestre Marta P. , Huttunen‐Lenz Maija , Brand‐Miller Jennie , Fogelholm Mikael , Raben Anne 
Published: August 2018

AimsThe PREVIEW lifestyle intervention study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01777893) is, to date, the largest, multinational study concerning prevention of type‐2 diabetes. We hypothesized that the initial, fixed low‐energy diet (LED) would induce different metabolic outcomes in men vs women.Materials and methodsAll participants followed a LED (3.4 MJ/810 kcal/daily) for 8 weeks (Cambridge Weight Plan). Participants were recruited from 8 sites in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Those eligible for inclusion were overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) individuals with pre‐diabetes according to ADA‐criteria. Outcomes of interest included changes in insulin resistance, fat mass (FM), fat‐free mass (FFM) and metabolic syndrome Z‐score.ResultsIn total, 2224 individuals (1504 women, 720 men) attended the baseline visit and 2020 (90.8%) completed the follow‐up visit. Following the LED, weight loss was 16% greater in men than in women (11.8% vs 10.3%, respectively) but improvements in insulin resistance were similar. HOMA‐IR decreased by 1.50 ± 0.15 in men and by 1.35 ± 0.15 in women (ns). After adjusting for differences in weight loss, men had larger reductions in metabolic syndrome Z‐score, C‐peptide, FM and heart rate, while women had larger reductions in HDL cholesterol, FFM, hip circumference and pulse pressure. Following the LED, 35% of participants of both genders had reverted to normo‐glycaemia.ConclusionsAn 8‐week LED induced different effects in women than in men. These findings are clinically important and suggest gender‐specific changes after weight loss. It is important to investigate whether the greater decreases in FFM, hip circumference and HDL cholesterol in women after rapid weight loss compromise weight loss maintenance and future cardiovascular health.
The price of the poor's words: social relations and the economics of deposing for one's ‘betters’ in early modern England
Authors: Taylor Hillary 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHistorians of early modern England are aware that the legal testimony of poor, dependent, and subordinated individuals was regarded with suspicion. Contemporaries believed that labouring people would provide false evidence in return for ‘gifts’ or ‘rewards’. To what extent did such assumptions accurately reflect the processes whereby such witnesses came to depose for their ‘betters’? This article uses sixteenth‐ and early seventeenth‐century perjury and subornation suits from the court of Star Chamber to reconstruct labouring people's experiences and understandings of the politics of testimony. In explicating the structural and material factors that could militate against their deposing, override their reservations about doing so, and colour the contents of the depositions they gave, it makes two broader contributions to our understanding of the period. On the one hand, it presents a markedly more pessimistic account of the social relations involved in the increase in litigation. On the other, it reappraises a category of source—depositions—that historians have long regarded as providing singularly privileged access to the expressions of social groups that left little trace in the historical record.
Forecasting China's industrial output using a spatial Bayesian vector autoregressive model
Authors: Lacombe Donald J. , Michieka Nyakundi M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper forecasts cement, steel, and TV production in China's top industrial provinces using a Bayesian prior that incorporates both time and spatial dependence as proposed by LeSage and Cashell (2015). Results indicate that growth in cement production will increase following the 3‐year slump experienced between 2013 and 2016 in the five provinces in our sample. Average growth rates for steel production between 2017 and 2018 are similar to those experienced in 1999 and 2008. Our findings indicate that forecast accuracy for TV production demonstrate the superior forecasting characteristics of the hybrid prior.
Mammalian embryos show metabolic plasticity toward the surrounding environment during neural tube closure
Authors: Miyazawa Hidenobu , Yamamoto Masamichi , Yamaguchi Yoshifumi , Miura Masayuki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDeveloping embryos rewire energy metabolism for developmental processes. However, little is known about how metabolic rewiring is coupled with development in a spatiotemporal manner. Here, we show that mammalian embryos display plasticity of glucose metabolism in response to the extracellular environment at the neural tube closure (NTC) stage, when the intrauterine environment changes upon placentation. To study how embryos modulate their metabolic state upon environmental change, we analyzed the steady‐state level of ATP upon exposure to extrauterine environments using both an enzymatic assay and a genetically encoded ATP sensor. Upon environmental changes, NTC‐stage embryos exhibited increased ATP content, whereas embryos before and after NTC did not. The increased ATP in the NTC‐stage embryos seemed to depend on glycolysis. Intriguingly, an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was also observed in the neural ectoderm (NE) and the neural plate border of the non‐neural ectoderm (NNE) region. This implies that glycolysis can be coupled with the TCA cycle in the NE and the neural plate border depending on environmental context. Disrupting ΔΨm inhibited folding of the cranial neural plate. Thus, we propose that embryos tune metabolic plasticity to enable coupling of glucose metabolism with the extracellular environment at the NTC stage.
Value of prophylaxis vs on‐demand treatment: Application of a value framework in hemophilia
Authors: Nugent Diane , O'Mahony Brian , Dolan Gerry ,   on behalf of the International Haemophilia Access Strategy Council
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionTherapeutic advances over the past 30 years have led to longer life expectancy and improved quality of life (QOL) for persons with hemophilia. Access to innovative therapy may be compromised if treatment decisions are driven solely by cost. New strategies are needed to assess true therapeutic values, along with financial cost, as physicians, policymakers, payers and manufacturers work together to improve patient care.AimTo provide an evidence‐based assessment of the value of prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy for hemophilia, based on a widely recognized three‐tiered value framework approach for assessing a range of therapeutic interventions.MethodsData from six randomized clinical trials (ESPRIT, Joint Outcomes Study, SPINART, LEOPOLD II, ADVATE and POTTER) and four observational studies comparing primary and secondary prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy were applied to a hemophilia value framework.ResultsBoth primary and secondary prophylaxis showed advantages in Tier 1 “Degree of health/recovery” outcomes, including measures of bleeding, musculoskeletal complications, pain, function/activity and QOL. Tier 2 “Process of Recovery” outcomes, also favoured prophylaxis, including measures of recovery time, return to normal activities, orthopaedic intervention and venous access. In Tier 3 “Sustainability of Health Recovery,” measures of breakthrough bleeds, joint preservation, sustained productivity and QOL showed significant improvement with prophylaxis.ConclusionThe hemophilia value framework affirmed value of primary and secondary prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy, with clinical benefit demonstrated in all three tiers. This analysis also demonstrates clinical utility of the value framework process in the determination of optimal and cost‐effective hemophilia care for all stakeholders.
Impact of target joint and FVIII inhibitor οn bone properties in children with haemophilia A: A peripheral quantitative computed tomography study
Authors: Xafaki Panagiota , Balanika Alexia , Pergantou Helen , Papakonstantinou Olympia , Platokouki Helen 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundHaemophilic children are prone to low bone mass accrual.ObjectiveTo assess bone properties in haemophilic children, using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and to correlate findings with clinical data.Subjects/MethodsPeripheral quantitative computed tomography scan of both radii and tibiae were performed in 31 haemophilic A children (severe 24, mean age 11.2 years). Seven subjects had a history of inhibitors. Five children had an upper extremity target‐joint and 12 had at least one lower extremity target‐joint. The following parameters were measured: trabecular, total and cortical bone density and content (TBD, ToBD, CBD, TbC, CC), strength‐stress index (SSI), and tibial cross‐sectional area (CA), outer and inner bone contour length (PERI, ENDO) and cortical thickness (CTHC).ResultsMean right radius TBD was significantly higher than the left one (P = 0.015). In subjects with arm target‐joint, radius TBD was significantly lower in the target than in non‐target arm (186.6 ± 60.4 vs 218.6 ± 39.8, P = 0.032). Left arm target‐joint subjects had significantly lower left radius TBD in comparison to subjects without arm target‐joint (155.4 ± 50.3 vs 215.7 ± 37.9, P = 0.019). There were no similar differences in leg target‐joint. Bone quality and geometry parameters in cortical compartment were significantly lesser in inhibitor group, with statistically significant side‐to‐side differences for legs and arms and left side predominance.ConclusionIn children with haemophilia A and a history of target‐joint and/or FVIII inhibitor, abnormalities may occur in the long bones as were revealed by pQCT, where low trabecular density and weak cortical bone quality in upper and lower extremities, respectively, were confirmed.
A will and a way to fund medicines for rare diseases: the story of human growth hormone replacement for adults with growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Lipworth Wendy , Ambler Geoffrey , Burt Morton G. , Fairchild Jan , Inder Warrick J. , Werther George , Ho Ken 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGrowth hormone (GH) replacement therapy was recently recommended by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC) for listing on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme for adults with severe GH deficiency and impaired quality of life. This approval was significant for two reasons. First, the application was initiated and coordinated by a health professional working group, who prepared a ‘public interest’ submission to PBAC. Second, it resulted in a recommendation to subsidise therapy for a rare disease after two prior rejections on the basis of uncertainty about efficacy and cost effectiveness. There are important lessons to learn about the power of professional groups to drive health policy and attain funding for rare diseases.
Medial medullary stroke due to neurosyphilis in a newly diagnosed HIV‐positive man
Authors: Katelaris Anthea L. , Janson Sonja , Ramachandran Prashanth , Spencer Emma 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis case report presents the clinical record of a 37‐year‐old man who presented with a dense right hemiplegia, found to be caused by a left medial medullary stroke. The cause of the stroke was unclear, and bacterial endocarditis was initially suspected. However, he was ultimately found to have neurosyphilis on a background of undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus and was treated with benzylpenicillin. This case report reviews the diagnosis of neurosyphilis and highlights the importance of considering neurosyphilis as a rare but important cause of stroke, especially given the increasing prevalence of syphilis in Australia.
Rescue haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for engraftment failure: a single‐centre case series
Authors: Kliman David , Bilmon Ian , Kwan John , Blyth Emily , Micklethwaite Ken , Panicker Shyam , Bhattacharyya Abir , Deren Stephanie , Antonenas Vicki , Huang Gillian , Gottlieb David 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGraft failure affects approximately 5% of allogeneic stem cell transplants, with a poor prognosis. Salvage second allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT2) is limited by high rates of transplant‐related mortality from infection and graft‐versus‐host disease. We report on five adult patients receiving rescue alloSCT2 using haploidentical peripheral blood stem cells. All patients achieved neutrophil engraftment, two subsequently died from sepsis and disease relapse, respectively. Three patients remain alive up to 2 years post‐transplant. We suggest consideration of haploidentical alloSCT2 for patients with graft failure.
Ghettos, banlieues – is the difference disappearing?
Authors: Rey Henri 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article considers the use of references to the American ghettos in the history of the French working‐class suburbs ‐ the “banlieues”. When construction work first began on the new housing developments, concerns were voiced about the scale and isolation of their apartment blocks, in contrast to the model of individual houses. With the pauperisation of a section of the working classes and growth of the immigrant population, successive periods of rioting and the prevalence of an economy of drug dealing and other illicit trades among an element of the youth in these neighbourhoods, over a quarter of whom are unemployed, the comparison between ghettos and banlieues gained credibility. Also influential was public policy targeting the French banlieues, which reflected the dogma of republican equality, and fierce opposition to communalism. However, a section of the inhabitants of these neighbourhoods have gradually developed a subjective feeling of being separate from the rest of society and imprisoned in a ghetto with its own codes and laws, for example in the treatment of women. So the clear distinction established 20 years ago between the “black belt” and the 𠄌red belt” (Wacquant 2006) has greatly reduced.
What enhances the right to information? A cross‐national examination of legal, technological, and administrative influences
Authors: Nam Taewoo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study examines the influence of legal arrangements (freedom of information legislation), technological advancements (e‐government), and administrative capacity (government effectiveness) on the right to information with a cross‐country view. To that end, it uses various global indicators. A regression‐based analysis reveals that legal guarantees and e‐government do not significantly influence the extent to which the right to information is realised. Freedom of information legislation can offer legal guarantees for the right to information; however, the outcomes in terms of the right to information have not yet been reached for many new adopters of the legislation. While the contribution of e‐government to the right to information is also insignificant, a government's administrative capacity is pivotal to achieving the right to information.
An Investigation into Uncovering and Understanding Tacit Knowledge in a First‐Year Design Studio Environment
Authors: van Kampen Saskia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTacit knowledge, intuitive responses, empirical research – how can design elevate itself as a discipline when its main forms of knowledge gathering and generation are still believed to be less valuable than those in traditional academia? Beginning design students must learn to put words to their actions, to understand their processes and to be critical and reflective throughout all stages of a project. By guiding students into developing rigorous iterative processes that combine theoretical research, empirical research, questioning and reflection students will no longer need to hide behind the lure of the enigma of intuition. The introduction of writing in the studio classroom is one method that can help students see the relationship between the various stages of their creative process and articulate the reasons behind the decisions they make. Experiential learning techniques that combine writing, making, research and reflection will help students shift their personal frames of reference and thus create a more critically engaged student body.
Using Thematic Analysis to Facilitate Meaning‐Making in Practice‐Led Art and Design Research
Authors: Lin Fabia Ling‐Yuan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article argues that thematic analysis could aid artist‐researchers in enhancing the arguments they construct in their fields of interest as they move through research projects. It discusses some of the distinctive features and obstacles of practice‐led research in art and design and relates them to the use of thematic analysis. Artistic research often includes acts of interpretation, where the artist‐researcher reflects on his or her artistic work process and the context of the artefacts created during the process. A systematic thematic approach is important for the whole process, because it supports the separate work periods of artmaking and conceptualising and binds them to the study. In its theoretical freedom, thematic analysis provides a flexible and useful research tool that can bridge the two realms of knowing in practice‐led research, potentially providing a rich and synthesised account of the creative experience. The benefits of thematic analysis will be demonstrated by examining two examples.
Disclosure of Product System Models in Life Cycle Assessment: Achieving Transparency and Privacy
Authors: Kuczenski Brandon 
Published: August 2018

SummaryMany of the challenges facing knowledge synthesis from life cycle assessment (LCA) studies stem from the inability of study authors and readers to formally agree on the structure and content of the product system models used to perform LCA computations. This article presents a framework for formally disclosing the foreground of an LCA study in a way that permits the computations to be inspected, verified, and reproduced by a reader, provided that the reader has access to the same life cycle inventory and impact characterization resources as the author. The framework can also be used to partition a study into public and private portions, allowing both portions to be critically reviewed but omitting the private information from the disclosure. A disclosure is made up of six components, including three lists of entities in the model and three sparse matrices describing their interconnections. The entity lists make reference to previously‐published resources, including background inventory databases and characterized elementary flows, and the disclosure framework requires both author and reader to agree on the meaning of each of these references. The framework contributes to ongoing efforts within and beyond industrial ecology to improve the reproducibility and verifiability of scholarly works, and if implemented, plots a course toward distributed, platform‐independent computation and validation of LCA results.