bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse birth outcomes and their clinical phenotypes in an urban Zambian cohort
Authors: Price Joan T , Vwalika Bellington , Rittenhouse Katelyn J , Mwape Humphrey , Winston Jennifer , Freeman Bethany L , Sindano Ntazana , Stringer Elizabeth M , Kasaro Margaret P , Chi Benjamin H , Stringer Jeffrey SA 
Published: September 2019

Background: Few cohort studies of pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa use rigorous gestational age dating and clinical phenotyping. As a result, incidence and risk factors of adverse birth outcomes are inadequately characterized. Methods: The Zambian Preterm Birth Prevention Study (ZAPPS) is a prospective observational cohort established to investigate adverse birth outcomes at a referral hospital in urban Lusaka. This report describes ZAPPS phase I, enrolled August 2015 to September 2017. Women were followed through pregnancy and 42 days postpartum. At delivery, study staff assessed neonatal vital status, birthweight, sex, and assigned a delivery phenotype. Primary outcomes were: (1) preterm birth (PTB; delivery <37 weeks), (2) small-for-gestational-age (SGA; <10th percentile weight-for-age at birth), and (3) stillbirth (SB; delivery of an infant without signs of life). Results: ZAPPS phase I enrolled 1450 women with median age 27 years (IQR 23–32). Most participants (68%) were multiparous, of whom 41% reported a prior PTB and 14% reported a prior stillbirth. Twins were present in 3% of pregnancies, 3% of women had short cervix (<25mm), 24% of women were HIV seropositive, and 5% were syphilis seropositive. Of 1216 (84%) retained at delivery, 15% were preterm, 18% small-for-gestational-age, and 4% stillborn. PTB risk was higher with prior PTB (aRR 1.88; 95%CI 1.32–2.68), short cervix (aRR 2.62; 95%CI 1.68–4.09), twins (aRR 5.22; 95%CI 3.67–7.43), and antenatal hypertension (aRR 2.04; 95%CI 1.43–2.91). SGA risk was higher with twins (aRR 2.75; 95%CI 1.81–4.18) and antenatal hypertension (aRR 1.62; 95%CI 1.16–2.26). SB risk was higher with short cervix (aRR 6.42; 95%CI 2.56–16.1). Conclusions: This study confirms high rates of PTB, SGA, and SB among pregnant women in Lusaka, Zambia. Accurate gestational age dating and careful ascertainment of delivery data are critical to understanding the scope of adverse birth outcomes in low-resource settings.
O ENSINO DE LITERATURA SOB A PERSPECTIVA DO LIVRO DIDÁTICO DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA DO ENSINO MÉDIO / The teaching of literature under the perspective of the teaching book of Portuguese language of middle school
Authors: Sousa Denise Dias de Carvalho 
Published: September 2019

Este artigo tem o objetivo de expor os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre o Livro Didático de Língua Portuguesa do Ensino Médio, evidenciando o ensino de literatura a partir da seleção e abordagem dos conteúdos, temas e textos literários, bem como o viés teórico-metodológico que sustenta o desenvolvi­mento das atividades propostas nas obras, com vistas à formação do leitor literário. Para tanto, tomaram-se como corpus as coleções do 1º ao 3º ano de Língua Portuguesa escolhidas pelos docentes do Centro Territorial de Educação Profissional do Piemonte da Diamantina II, em Jacobina – Bahia, em 2017. As supracitadas coleções foram investigadas tendo como parâmetro a Lei de Diretrizes e Base da Educação Nacional 9394/96 (LDB) (2017), em especial a Base Nacional Curricular Comum (BNCC) – etapa Ensino Médio, e os estudos voltados para um ensino de literatura menos utilitarista, com ênfase nos aspectos literários, favorecendo a interação entre leitor e obra literária a partir da produção de sentidos. Optou-se pela análise documental, a fim de inscrição num status científico do conteúdo expresso no corpus, com vistas a sua contribuição na formação do leitor literário. Alguns resultados demonstraram que há: a) predomínio da perspectiva teórico-metodológica pautada na historiografia literária brasileira b) escassez de textos não canônicos e c) poucas atividades de cunho interpretativo, que incidam na literariedade dos textos, em seus recursos linguísticos, interlocutivos e críticos, numa perspectiva intertextual e interdiscursiva.
ENSINO DE LITERATURA E O DESEJO DE APRENDER MAIS E MAIS – ENTREVISTA COM MATILDES DEMETRIO DOS SANTOS / Literature teaching and the desire to learn more and more – Interview with Matildes Demetrio dos Santos
Authors: Dos Santos Matildes Demetrio , Pereira Maria Betânia Almeida , Amparo Flávia , Da Silva Mônica Gomes 
Published: September 2019

Nesta entrevista, as organizadoras do dossiê “Ensino de Literaturas: abordagens e travessias” dialogam com a Professora Dra. Matildes Demetrio dos Santos, de Literatura Brasileira, da Universidade Federal Fluminense. As questões levantadas têm o intuito de trazer à baila o pensamento da pesquisadora e professora de forma que sinalizam pontos instigantes para o debate, que vão desde o processo do contato inicial com o texto literário, sua formação, passando também pelas ações concernentes ao espaço acadêmico, no contexto atual.
ENTRE PINTURA E LITERATURA, A MEMÓRIA-MÓBILE / Between painting and literature, the mobile memory
Authors: Ramos Danielle Cristina Mendes Pereira 
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho investiga a dicção poética do eu na literatura contemporânea, tramada pelo que reconhecemos como uma memória-móbile, isto é, pela compreensão da memória em sua condição plural e plasmável - uma instância em moto perpétuo de construção, a partir de jogos simbólicos de negociação de imagens. A partir desse diapasão, propomos a reflexão sobre os livros de contos, de Lygia Fagundes Telles, Invenção e Memória (2009) e Conspiração de Nuvens (2007), com o fito de estabelecer conexões entre o ficcional, o autobiográfico e os processos de organização de imagens relativas à memória. Muito especificamente, interessa-nos estudar a figuração de imagens do eu através da experiência infantil, explorando a composição de tais imagens e seu alinhamento a uma abordagem que faz do topos da infância uma estratégia estética a tangenciar narrativas subjetivas e experimentação artística. Propomos uma leitura comparativa e intersemiótica entre as referidas obras de Telles e as seguintes pinturas de Tarsila do Amaral: A Negra (1923); e Abaporu (1928). A fim de entender o papel dessa memória-móbile, entre o pictórico e o poético, examinaremos modos pelos quais as artistas, através de linguagens estéticas distintas, lidam com pontos de contato em suas criações, a saber, a tessitura de imagens simbólicas da infância por narrativas coletivas, e os elos entre pinturas que englobam narrativas e narrativas que conformam imagens visuais.
Devir selvagem: a arte do grito ( ou do grito na arte)
Authors: Silva Mariah Rafaela 
Published: September 2019

A partir de uma performance realizada em 2016, o grito opera como máquina de guerra (Deleuze e Guattari, 2012) capaz de agenciar um coletivo que mobiliza uma matilha, de modo que a experiência transexual seja entendida como potência, jamais como loucura. O objetivo desse trabalho é refletir sobre algumas dinâmicas de poder sobre às transexualidades tendo como marcadores de diálogo a raça e dispositivos de opressão na arte. O grito, como uma forma de resistência, coloca em agenciamento “estruturas” de subjetivação que compõem cartografias “trans específicas” em espaços hegemônicos. É deste modo que surge o devir selvagem; aquele que ao devorar os processos assimétricos que lhe assujeitam, cria mundos possíveisoperando fissuras nas hegemonias e construindo redes de afeto e modos de existir.
PROBLEMATIZANDO GÊNERO E SEXUALIDADE EM INTERLOCUÇÃO COM EDUCADORAS/RES DE UMA ESCOLA CONFESSIONAL-FILANTRÓPICA
Authors: Pocahy Fernando Altair , Dornelles Priscila Gomes 
Published: September 2019

Este artigo analisa como determinadas redes discursivas se (re)produzem nos processos educativos diante dos dispositivos da sexualidade e das normas regulatórias de gênero, tomando como foco os discursos da heteronormatividade e sua potência na produção de subjetividades em cotidianos escolares. Para isso, dialogamos com os Estudos Feministas e queer de modo a privilegiar as produções no campo da Educação em interface com a escola. Como opção metodológica, este estudo analisou primariamente entrevistas realizadas em uma instituição confessional e filantrópica de ensino fundamental e médio, localizada em uma cidade de grande porte no estado do Ceará. Para tratamento deste material, utilizamos a análise de discurso inspirados/as em perspectiva foucaultiana. Esta abordagem teórico-analítica nos permitiu apontar que os/as educadores/ras assumem posições de sujeito localizadas em planos hetero/normativos, bem como disposições menos rígidas em relação a estes discursos. O que nos fez ponderar sobre um arranjo difuso de conjuntos enunciativos materializados em pedagogias de gênero e da sexualidade nestes cotidianos escolares, ao mesmo tempo em que percebemos condutas pedagógicas que funcionavam de modo crítico em relação aos estabelecidos normativos. Estes resultados nos informam algo de uma agonística cotidiana na educação e, neste sentido, revelam movimentos que (re)posicionam professoras e professores diante das tramas da heteronormatividade - seja através das formas de sujeição e das ortopedias pedagógicas, seja no plano da resistência e (re)invenção de (micro)políticas do cotidiano escolar.
Modeling the Drying of Wheat Seeds in a Fluidized Bed Using a Spatially Resolved Model
Authors: Hemis Mohamed - , Watson Dennis G. , Raghavan Vijaya G. S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. A mathematical model for simulating heat and mass transfer during fluidized-bed drying of wheat grains has been developed, combining two transfer steps; a movement of moisture inside the grain and outside the grain. Empirical equations have been used for material properties as well as for transfer processes. The developed model is composed of two models coupled to each other; the distributed parameter model (DPM or Luikov model) and the convective model. The coupled mathematical model was solved numerically by a finite difference method after discretization of equilibrium equations distributed in space. The DPM model made it possible to predict the quantity of water extracted from the grain under the effect of known drying conditions. Results showed that the drying rate of wheat increased when air temperature was increased; and that the rates were higher in the first few minutes of drying, achieving 2.6 × 10-5and 1.7 × 10-5 kg water kg-1[d.b.]·s-1 for temperatures of 66.7°C and 58.6°C, respectively. A comparison of experimental and predicted results gave good agreement, and the use of the distributed model improved the predictive capabilities of wheat grain drying in fluidized beds. Keywords: Canada Western Red Spring, Distributed parameter model, Fluidized-bed dryer, Mathematical modeling, Wheat seeds.
Comparison of GeneXpert MTB to Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture in children with tuberculosis
Authors: Agustina Betty , Kartasasmita Cissy , Hilmanto Dany 
Published: September 2019

Background Diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in children is difficult. Typical methods take a long time to achieve results, or have a low sensitivity. GeneXpert is a nucleic acid amplification test used to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria (MTB) in only 2 hours.
Objective To compare the sensitivity and specificity of GeneXpert MTB to MTB culture in children with TB, and to assess factors associated with GeneXpert MTB test in predicting which children were likely to have positive results.
Methods This descriptive, analytical study was done in children with suspected TB, aged 1 month to 18 years in Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, from January 2016 to December 2017. The data were taken from the medical records and included age, gender, nutritional status, symptoms of TB, chest x-ray, and tuberculin test results. The GeneXpert MTB test was compared to cultures from the same patient, with regards to sensitivity, specificity, and agreement using Kappa index. We analyzed factors associated to GeneXpert MTB test using logistic regression analysis.
Results From 454 inpatients and 1,750 outpatients with suspected TB, there were 251 children who were tested by MTB culture and 722 children tested by GeneXpert MTB. Of the 70 cases who met the inclusion criteria and underwent both tests, factors associated with positive GeneXpert MTB results were age 10 to 18 years, female gender, and positive tuberculin skin test (TST). The GeneXpert MTB test showed sensitivity 78.9% (95%CI 56.7 to 91.5) and specificity 86.3% (95%CI 74.3 to 93.2), with accuracy of 84.3% (95%CI 74 to 91), and agreement value of ƙ=0.62 (95%CI 41.6 to 82.7).
Conclusion Specificity of GeneXpert MTB is higher than its sensitivity compared to TB cultures in children. The tests were in good agreement. Age 10 to 18 years had the strongest association with positive GeneXpert MTB results.
P: 12 PROFIT: PROspective, Randomised Placebo-controlled Feasibility Trial of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation in Cirrhosis Interim Analysis
Authors: Woodhouse Charlotte , Kronsten Victoria , Zamalloa Ane , Hatton Grace , Patel Vishal C. , Goldenberg Simon , Shawcross Debbie L. 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND:
Patients with cirrhosis have intestinal dysbiosis and small bowel bacterial overgrowth, with enhanced gut permeability, allowing translocation of pathogen-associated molecules and viable bacteria into the systemic circulation. Faecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) seeks to replace the dysbiotic flora with healthy microbes, to reduce systemic inflammation and improve transplant-free outcomes. PROFIT is a single-blinded randomised placebo-controlled trial of FMT in 32 patients with advanced stable cirrhosis. The primary outcome of the study was to assess the safety and feasibility of a single naso-jejunally administered FMT or placebo (3:1 allocation) in patients with a MELD score between 10 and 16.

METHODS:
To date eighteen patients have been treated (FMT n = 13; placebo n = 5). 71% of those treated were male [mean age 54.4 years (range 38–75) and mean MELD 12.88 (range 10–16)]. Patients continued lactulose, but were required to discontinue all antibiotics, including rifaximin, two weeks prior to treatment. Following bowel preparation with Moviprep®, 200 mL FMT/placebo was delivered via naso-jejunal tube in to the proximal jejunum at gastroscopy. Patients were assessed for adverse events and underwent clinical review at day 7, 30 and 90 with biobanking of stool, saliva, urine, whole blood and plasma for quantitative metagenomics, metabonomics, bacterial DNA quantification, bile acids, whole blood culture in response to endotoxin and plasma cytokines and leucocyte function testing at a later date.

RESULTS:
The FMT has been well tolerated and the five serious adverse events (SAEs) reported requiring hospital admission (placebo n = 1; FMT n = 4) were not treatment-related. Biochemistry, leucocyte count and MELD score did not change. Mean venous ammonia reduced at day 30 in the FMT cohort [71.67 μmol/L (95% CI 54.43–88.9) day 0 versus 51.22 μmol/L (CI 35.18–67.26) day 30] whereas it increased in the placebo group [54.4 μmol/L (95% CI 38.17–70.63) day 0 versus 73.25 μmol/L (95% CI 22.54–124) at day 30]. Figure 1 shows a reduction in delta ammonia at day 7 [mean −1.15 (−16.23 to 13.73 95% CI)] versus day 30 [−15.11 (−2.82 to −27.4) post FMT.

CONCLUSIONS:
The interim analysis shows that nasojejunally administered FMT appears safe and well tolerated in patients with advanced cirrhosis and reduces venous ammonia at day 30.
P: 15 Functional MRI: Evidence of a Treatment Effect of LOLA
Authors: Pasha Yasmin , Atzori Sebastiana , Fitzpatrick Julie A. , Cook Nicola A. , Schembri Adrian , Leech Robert , Mcphail Mark J. W. 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND:
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is associated with structural and functional connectivity abnormalities in the brain which correlate with cognitive dysfunction. The default mode network (DMN) comprises functionally interconnected brain regions responsible for attention and may explain cognitive deficits in MHE. While L-ornithine L-aspartate (LOLA) may improve MHE, its mechanism of action is not well characterised in controlled studies.

METHODS:
We performed a double-blind, randomised trial comparing the impact of oral L-ornithine L-aspartate (LOLA) 6g three times per day with placebo on 34 individuals with MHE (defined by PHES) for 12 weeks. Fourteen subjects received LOLA, 20 patients received placebo for the study duration. Subjects underwent functional MRI (fMRI) of the brain while performing motor and cognitive tasks and resting state studies at baseline (before starting on LOLA) or placebo, and at 12 weeks. The motor and cognitive task data in the LOLA arm (vs placebo) were analysed by comparing the sum total of fMRI activation at baseline with data collected at 12 weeks. For resting state data, the level of functional connectivity within a network was compared between baseline and 12 weeks for LOLA against placebo.

Results:
Groups were matched for age, sex, baseline educational level, weekly alcohol consumption, baseline PHES score, CogstateTM computerised psychometric testing, WTAR and SF36 scores. Color-naming subtest of the Stroop task was significantly impaired at baseline in LOLA receivers (P = 0.0179) For group averaged whole-brain data, there was no significant difference in activation for both motor and cognitive tasks or in resting state in all 34 patients at baseline and 12 weeks. Group differences by region of interest (see Table 1 below): the choice reaction time task in the default mode network (DMN) demonstrated significant treatment (P = 0.026) advantage after 12 weeks of LOLA. Of the 12 resting state networks studied, visual area 2 showed a significant treatment (P = 0.021) benefit after 12 weeks of LOLA.

Conclusion:
In the first RCT of LOLA combined with modern brain imaging analysis, a significant treatment benefit with LOLA on task activation was noted in the DMN. A significant treatment advantage of LOLA on resting-state fMRI in the visual network is consistent with this, this may be a compensatory mechanism in early MHE. Future studies could stratify patients who may benefit from LOLA based on base-line fMRI characterisation.
P: 18 Impaired Cerebral Oxygenation, but Preserved Cerebrovascular reactivity, in an Animal Model of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Hadjihambi Anna , Hosford Patrick S. , Habtetion Abeba , Davies Nathan , Gourine Alexander V. , Jalan Rajiv 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND:
We have recently obtained evidence of energy deficiency, in the form of impaired lactate release, in the brains of cirrhotic animals with hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Previous reports of cerebral hypoperfusion in patients with HE indicated that cerebral oxygen supply could also be compromised (Dam et al., 2013). Decreased lactate and reduced oxygen supply may lead to CNS energy deficiency and have important neurological consequences, particularly in patients with advanced cirrhosis. In this study we assessed cerebral tissue oxygen tension and CO2 cerebrovascular reactivity in an animal model of HE.

METHODS:
HE was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) and after 4 weeks rats were anesthetized with α-chloralose (100 mg·kg−1), instrumented for arterial blood pressure recording and artificially ventilated. 7 BDL and 6 sham-operated animals were treated daily for one week with an ammonia lowering treatment, ornithine phenylacetate (OP) in order to investigate the role of ammonia on brain oxygenation. Blood gas tensions and pH were maintained within physiological ranges in all animal groups. Cerebral tissue PO2 was monitored by fluorescence method (Oxylite™). After a small craniotomy, optical sensors were placed in the somatosensory cortex and sealed. PO2 at baseline and in response to systemic hypercapnia (10% CO2, 5 min) was recorded.

RESULTS:
BDL resulted in high plasma ammonia concentrations which was lowered with OP treatment. At similar levels of blood PO2 and PCO2, BDL rats had a significantly lower brain PO2 (15.3 ± 2 mm Hg; n = 10) compared to sham controls (26 ± 2 mm Hg; n = 6; P = 0.001). BDL rats treated with OP showed a significant improvement in cerebral PO2 (22 ± 1 mm Hg, n = 6, P = 1), increasing the oxygen tension to levels similar to that recorded in OP treated sham rats (27 ± 2 mm Hg, n = 7), when blood PO2 and PCO2 were constant. Systemic hypercapnia resulted in similar increases in cerebral PO2 in BDL and sham-operated animals (ΔPO2 21 ± 2 vs. 24 ± 2 mm Hg; P = 0.6). Additionally, under anaesthesia, the mean systemic arterial blood pressure was found to be significantly lower in BDL animals (60 ± 3 vs. 84 ± 8 mm Hg; P = 0.04). Cerebral oxygenation did not recover when the blood pressure was normalised via infusion of phenylephrine, but it significantly improved with infusion of acetazolamide which increases cerebral blood flow.

CONCLUSIONS:
In the BDL model of HE, cerebral tissue oxygen tension is compromised but cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 appears to be preserved. The cause of the low basal PO2 remains unknown however; high ammonia concentrations and hypoperfusion could be contributing factors.
P: 22 Deficit of Short Working Memory in Rat With Thioacetamide-Induced Progressive Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy Involving Serotonin Innervation and Astroglia Dysfunctions
Authors: El Khiat A. , El Hiba O. , Aitihya Mohamed , Tamegart L. , Draoui A. , El Fari R. , Gamrani H. 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND:
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is defined as the whole neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders arising from both acute and chronic liver failures. Patients with chronic HE exhibited an impairment of learning and memory abilities as well as attention. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the progression of short working memory alteration in acute HE and to delineate the glial and the neuronal alterations which may underlie such cognitive impairment.

METHODS:
The study was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats with acute liver failure induced by thioacetamide (TAA) at a dose of 300 mg/kg i.p. Different stages of acute HE was defined as: 12 h, 24 h and 36 h following administration of TAA. Working memory was assessed by the T-Maze test via the percentage of alternation behavior, as well, an immunohistochemical analysis of GFAP in the hippocampus and serotonin (5-HT) within the dorsal Raphe nucleus (DRN).

RESULTS:
Our data showed a progressive loss of the alternation behavior, which was accompanied by a time dependent and region-specific changes of GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes within the hippocampus together with a reduced 5-HT immunoreactivity within the DRN.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data revealed for the first time, a progressive loss of short memory function in acute HE, resulting from acute liver dysfunction which may involve a possible gliopathy as well as a 5-HTergic dysfunctions.