bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic roles of quantum environments: from heat baths to work reservoirs
Authors: Colla Alessandra , Breuer Heinz-Peter 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Environments in quantum thermodynamics usually take the role of heat baths. These baths are Markovian, weakly coupled to the system, and initialized in a thermal state. Whenever one of these properties is missing, standard quantum thermodynamics is no longer suitable to treat the thermodynamic properties of the system that result from the interaction with the environment. Using a recently proposed framework for open system quantum thermodynamics which is valid for arbitrary couplings and non-Markovian effects, we show that within the very same model, described by a Fano–Anderson Hamiltonian, the environment can take three different thermodynamic roles: a standard heat bath, exchanging only heat with the system, a work reservoir, exchanging only work, and a hybrid environment, providing both types of energy exchange. The exact role of the environment is determined by the strength and structure of the coupling, and by its initial state. The latter also dictates the long time behaviour of the open system, leading to thermal equilibrium for an initial thermal state and to a nonequilibrium steady state when there are displaced environmental modes.
Creation and annotation of a code-mixed Kannada english dataset with accurate labels for detecting depression and major depressive disorder categories
Authors: Shwetha C H , Pushpalatha K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The research addresses mental health challenges within multilingual communities, with focus on individuals who frequently share their emotion, feelings and depressive thoughts by blending Kannada and English languages. The study includes creating a dataset that will be annotated with a label to detect depression and major depressive disorder categories. A code-mixed dataset was collected from various sources to construct the dataset. After data collection, it is processed using multilingual tools, and clinical experts provide guidance in annotating the dataset to accurately detect the depressive disorders. By examining key linguistic features related to depression—including emotional tone, grammatical structures, and code-switching patterns—the study offers a valuable insight into how depression is expressed across languages. The labelled dataset is crucial for developing deep learning models capable of accurately identifying and quantifying depression, particularly in multilingual environments. Additionally, the study emphasizes the role of language in mental health discourse and its potential impact on clinical practices and interventions for linguistically diverse populations. The practical implications of the research include using the dataset for digital mental health monitoring, supporting clinical decision-making, and creating culturally mental health tools for underrepresented multilingual communities.
Indo-Pak Cricketing Relations in the Shadow of the Rise of Hindutva
Authors: Khan Ali 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter seeks to trace the changing relations between India and Pakistan, paying particular attention to how the changing political influences in both countries have affected the cricket teams and the cricketing relations between them. More specifically, the chapter examines the recent decline in relations which is acutely influenced by Pakistan’s worsening security situation as a result of increased terrorist activity in the country following the war on terror. This was most dramatically demonstrated in the attack on the Sri Lankan cricket team which subsequently led to Pakistan losing the right to hold cricket matches at home. It also manifested itself in the Mumbai attacks that led to the severance of cricket relations between India and Pakistan in 2008. Relations have also been affected by the dramatic rise of extremist Hindu ideology in India and more specifically under Narendra Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party government since 2014. An analysis of these political changes is key to understanding the plummeting cricketing relations between India and Pakistan. Where in the past support from the Asian bloc had guaranteed Pakistan would not be isolated, today the rupture in political relations with India has meant Pakistan has been increasingly sequestered. There have also been significant economic changes that have seen the meteoric rise of India as the financial powerhouse of the global cricketing world. This has meant that India is able to use the withdrawal of cricketing relations as a means of further punishing and isolating Pakistan.
A V-shaped analog of ITIC with a small exciton binding energy
Authors: Wang Kai , Jinnai Seihou , Ie Yutaka 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The exciton binding energy (Eb) of organic semiconductors is a key parameter that determines the performance of organic optoelectronic devices. Here, we focus on ITIC, a representative organic semiconductor used in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and investigate the influence of molecular structure on Eb by developing io-ITIC, a V-shaped isomer of ITIC. Experimental results reveal that io-ITIC exhibits a small Eb compared to ITIC. However, OPVs based on io-ITIC showed moderate photovoltaic characteristics. Theoretical studies including molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the stacking configuration of io-ITIC affects Eb and OPV characteristics.
Lower serum magnesium levels are associated with a higher risk of fractures and vascular calcifications in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Matias Patrícia João , Ávila Gonçalo , Domingos Diogo , Gil Célia , Ferreira Aníbal 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Magnesium (Mg) deficiency seems to be associated with altered bone metabolism and vascular calcifications (VC). This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum Mg levels and incident bone fragility fractures and VC in a cohort of prevalent hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods
We performed a retrospective study of 206 patients, with a mean age of 68.3 ± 13.1 years; 121 (59%) were male, and the median follow-up time was 58 months.

Results
Thirty-seven episodes of fragility fractures were identified with a median HD vintage of 42 months—an incidence rate of 29 per 1000 person-years. Patients with fractures showed lower Mg levels compared with those without fractures (P &lt; .001) and more VC (P = .01). In a Cox regression analysis, time to fragility fracture was independently associated with serum Mg &lt;2.2 mg/dL (P &lt; .001), in a model adjusted to age, female gender, HD vintage, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, albumin, parathyroid hormone, active vitamin D therapy and the presence of VC. Patients with Mg serum levels &lt;2.2 mg/dL had a 1.32-fold higher risk of fragility fractures (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
This study showed that the incidence of bone fragility fractures in HD patients is high and is significantly associated with lower Mg levels and with the presence of more VC.
Lipid-lowering therapies for aortic stenosis: a drug-target Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ciofani Jonathan L , Han Daniel , Rao Karan , Gill Dipender , Woolf Benjamin , Rahimi Kazem , Allahwala Usaid K , Bhindi Ravinay 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Large observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have demonstrated a strong association between both elevated LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) and triglycerides (TG) with risk of aortic stenosis (AS), although randomized trials showed no benefit of statins for AS. It consequently remains uncertain whether lipid-lowering therapies have a role to prevent or treat AS. We used a drug-target MR approach to investigate the genetically predicted effect of lipid-lowering therapies on risk of AS.

Methods and results
We collected summary statistics for LDL-c, TG, and AS from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) including 1 320 016, 1 253 277, and 412 181 European participants from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium and FinnGen study, respectively. We identified genetic proxies for PCSK9 inhibitors, statins, bempedoic acid, and ezetimibe as single nucleotide polymorphisms in or within 200 kb of the target genes (PCSK9, HMGCR, ACLY, and NPC1L1, respectively), which were also significantly associated with LDL-c at P &lt; 5 × 10−8. We used a similar approach to identify genetic proxies for the TG-lowering agents fenofibrates, APOC3 inhibitors, and ANGPTL3 inhibitors using the target genes PPARA, APOC3, and ANGPTL3, respectively. Inverse variance-weighted was the primary analysis method. Sensitivity analyses included weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger, followed by the outlier-exclusion approaches MR-PRESSO and Cook's distance. We also performed multivariable analyses to evaluate whether the predicted effect of PCSK9 inhibition may be mediated by lipoprotein(a). We performed replication and negative control analyses using GWAS of AS and height including 653 867 and 408 112 participants, respectively. Genetically proxied PCSK9 inhibition was significantly associated with reduced AS risk (odds ratio [OR] 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52–0.72, P &lt; 0.0001) on main, replication, and all sensitivity analyses. Genetically proxied ezetimibe (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.31–0.78, P = 0.003), bempedoic acid (OR 0.0054, 95% CI 0.0002–0.12, P = 0.0009), and statins (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.46–0.81, P = 0.0006) were similarly associated with reduced AS risk, although the latter were not significant on replication analyses. Amongst the TG-lowering agents, genetically proxied APOC3 inhibition was associated with reduced AS risk (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.70–0.88, P &lt; 0.0001), but fenofibrate (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.09–4.53, P = 0.65) and ANGPTL3 inhibitors (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.77–1.43, P = 0.74) were not.

Conclusions
Genetically proxied lipid-lowering therapies are significantly associated with reduced risk of AS. Early initiation and sustained administration of lipid-lowering therapies may prevent AS progression and warrants further research in the clinical trial setting.
Seasonal shifts and land-use impact: unveiling the gut microbiomes of bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and common voles (Microtus arvalis)
Authors: Kauer Lea , Imholt Christian , Jacob Jens , Berens Christian , Kühn Ralph 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Gut microbial diversity influences the health and vitality of the host, yet it is itself affected by internal and external factors, including land-use. The impact of land-use practices on wild rodents’ gut microbiomes remains understudied, despite their abundance and potential as reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens. We examined the bacterial and fungal gut microbiomes of bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and common voles (Microtus arvalis) across grassland and forest habitats with varying land-use intensities and types. We collected rodents seasonally and used 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing for microbe identification. We found significant differences in alpha and beta diversities between the species, with M. arvalis exhibiting higher diversity. Seasonality emerged as a prominent factor influencing microbial diversity, with significant variations between sampling months. While land-use affects the gut microbiome, its impact is subordinate to seasonal variations. Differential abundance analysis underscores the dynamic nature of microbial composition, with seasonal changes playing a predominant role. Overall, our findings highlight the significant influence of seasonality on gut microbiome diversity and composition in wild rodents, reflecting dietary shifts associated with seasonal changes. Understanding the interplay between environmental factors and microbial communities in wild rodents enahnces our knowledge of ecosystem health and resilience, warranting further investigation.
Diacylglycerol metabolism and homeostasis in fungal physiology
Authors: Mondal Sudipta , Pal Biswajit , Sankaranarayanan Rajan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a relatively simple and primitive form of lipid, which does not possess a phospholipid headgroup. Being a central metabolite of the lipid metabolism network, DAGs are omnipresent in all life forms. While the role of DAG has been established in membrane and storage lipid biogenesis, it can impart crucial physiological functions including membrane shapeshifting, regulation of membrane protein activity, and transduction of cellular signalling as a lipid-based secondary messenger. Besides, the chemical diversity of DAGs, due to fatty acyl chain composition, has been proposed to be the basis of its functional diversity. Therefore, cells must regulate DAG level at a spatio-temporal scale for homeostasis and adaptation. The vast network of eukaryotic lipid metabolism has been unravelled majorly by studying yeast models. Here, we review the current understanding and the emerging concepts in metabolic and functional aspects of DAG regulation in yeast. The implications can be extended to understand pathogenic fungi and mammalian counterparts as well as disease aetiology.
A unified VCF dataset from nearly 1,500 diverse maize accessions and resources to explore the genomic landscape of maize
Authors: Andorf Carson M , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey , Seetharam Arun S , Hufford Matthew B , Woodhouse Margaret R 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Efforts to capture and analyze maize nucleotide diversity have ranged widely in scope, but differences in reference genome version and software algorithms used in these efforts inhibit comparison, and these data are generally not available in an easy-to-use visualization platform for quick access and analysis. To address these issues, The Maize Genetics and Genomics Database has collaborated with maize researchers to offer variant data from a diverse set of 1,498 inbred lines, traditional varieties, and teosintes through a standardized variant-calling pipeline against version 5 of the B73 reference genome. The output was filtered for mapping quality, completeness, and linkage disequilibrium, and annotated based on variant effects relative to the B73 RefGen_v5 gene annotations. MaizeGDB has also updated a web tool, SNPversity 2.0, to filter, visualize, and download genotype sets based on genomic locations and accessions of interest, and added external datasets to demonstrate SNPversity 2.0's broad usage. MaizeGDB plans to host annual updates of these resources as additional resequencing data become available, with plans to expand to all publicly available sequence data.
Cis-regulatory Variation in Relation to Sex and Sexual Dimorphism in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Mishra Prashastha , Barrera Tania S , Grieshop Karl , Agrawal Aneil F 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Much of sexual dimorphism is likely due to sex-biased gene expression, which results from differential regulation of a genome that is largely shared between males and females. Here, we use allele-specific expression to explore cis-regulatory variation in Drosophila melanogaster in relation to sex. We develop a Bayesian framework to infer the transcriptome-wide joint distribution of cis-regulatory effects across the sexes. We also examine patterns of cis-regulatory variation with respect to two other levels of variation in sexual dimorphism: (i) across genes that vary in their degree of sex-biased expression and (ii) among tissues that vary in their degree of dimorphism (e.g. relatively low dimorphism in heads vs. high dimorphism in gonads). We uncover evidence of widespread cis-regulatory variation in all tissues examined, with female-biased genes being especially enriched for this variation. A sizeable proportion of cis-regulatory variation is inferred to have sex-specific effects, with sex-dependent cis effects being much more frequent in gonads than in heads. Finally, we find some genes where 1 allele contributes to more than 50% of a gene's expression in heterozygous males but &lt;50% of its expression in heterozygous females. Such variants could provide a mechanism for sex-specific dominance reversals, a phenomenon important for sexually antagonistic balancing selection. However, tissue differences in allelic imbalance are approximately as frequent as sex differences, perhaps suggesting that sexual conflict may not be particularly unique in shaping patterns of expression variation.
A Note on the Spectral Gap for Log-Concave Probability Measures on Convex Bodies
Authors: Bonnefont Michel , Joulin Aldéric 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we provide explicit lower bounds with respect to some quantities of interest (parameters of the underlying distribution, dimension, geometrical characteristics of the domain, position of the origin, etc.) on the spectral gap of log-concave probability measures on convex bodies. Our results are illustrated by some classical and less classical examples.
Motivic Classes of Curvilinear Hilbert Schemes and Igusa Zeta Functions
Authors: Rossinelli Ilaria 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper delves into the study of curvilinear Hilbert schemes associated with a singular variety $(X,0)$ and the relationship between their motivic classes and the motivic measure on the arc scheme $X_\infty $ of $X$ introduced by Denef and Loeser. We introduce an Igusa zeta function specifically tailored for curvilinear Hilbert schemes for which we provide an explicit formulation in terms of an embedded resolution of the singularity, and we consequently obtain a recursive formula to compute the motivic classes of curvilinear Hilbert schemes in terms of the resolution. In addition, the paper explores and analyzes the geometry and combinatorics of curvilinear Hilbert schemes in the context of plane curve singularities and their topological invariants.
Paenibacillus oenotherae W2-3 degraded Welan gum to produce growth-promoting oligosaccharides
Authors: Fu Yang , Luan Jing , Jiang Lin , Li Xianzhen , Yang Fan , Yu Zhimin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Based on the biodegradation of Welan gum, this paper studies the properties of Welan gum degrading enzymes, degradation rules, and the application of Welan gum oligosaccharides. In order to study the biodegradation of Welan gum, a strain W2-3 capable of degrading Welan gum, was isolated from soil and identified as Paenibacillus sp. The properties of Welan gum degrading enzymes, degradation rules, and the application of Welan gum oligosaccharides were studied. After degradation, the average molecular weight of Welan gum oligosaccharides could be degraded to 500 Da, and the molecular weight distribution range was wide. Through the hydroponic culture of barley seedlings, it was proved that the degradation products of Welan gum had a positive effect on plant growth. The results showed that Welan gum oligosaccharides could significantly increase the root length, plant height, and fresh weight of barley, and could be used as a growth regulator in agricultural production.
Characteristics of heterotrophic endophytic bacteria in four kinds of edible raw vegetables: species distribution, antibiotic resistance, and related genes
Authors: Zhang Chong-Miao , Yuan Qiao-Qiao , Li Yong-Qiang , Liu An 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to explore antibiotic resistance characteristics and species of heterotrophic endophytic bacteria (HEB) in four kinds of edible raw vegetables, including radishes, lettuces, onions, and tomatoes. A total of 144 HEB were isolated and tested for resistance to sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), tetracycline (TET), cefotaxime (CTX), and ciprofloxacin (CIP), and their species were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and class I integron in antibiotic-resistant isolates were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. The results showed radishes had the highest, while tomatoes had the lowest concentration of antibiotic-resistant HEB. SMZ and CTX were predominant antibiotic-resistant phenotypes in HEB. The multi-resistant phenotypes, the combinations SMZ-TET-CTX and SMZ-TET-CIP, accounted for 9.34% of all antibiotic-resistant phenotypes, mainly in radishes and lettuces. Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and Stenotrophomonas showed resistance to two antibiotics and existed in more than one kind of vegetable, and were the main carriers of sul1, sul2, blaTEM, and intI1 genes. Therefore, these four genera were considered potential hosts of ARGs in edible raw vegetables. The study provides an early warning regarding health risks associated with ingesting antibiotic-resistant bacteria through raw vegetable consumption.
Modulating gut microbiota for treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea from Clostridium difficile infection: insights from Lizhong decoction and its polysaccharide component
Authors: Rong XinQian , Shu QingLong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To investigate whether the polysaccharide component of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula Lizhong decoction (LZD) has therapeutic effects and regulates gut microbiota in antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) related to Clostridium difficile infection, a polysaccharide was extracted from LZD, consisting of rhamnose, five monosaccharides, arabinose, galactose, glucose, and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 1.12:8.49:4.06:80.67:5.66. An AAD model related to C. difficile infection was established using clindamycin gavage and oral colonization with C. difficile. Subsequently, oral treatment experiments with LZD polysaccharides and different doses of the decoction were conducted. The results indicated that the polysaccharide showed the best therapeutic effect on AAD related to C. difficile infection, with post-treatment gut microbiota clustering closest to the normal control group. The polysaccharide from LZD has therapeutic effects on AAD related to C. difficile infection, possibly achieved through the regulation of gut microbiota. It modulates the dominant gut microbiota, specifically increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria by adjusting the ratio of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, thereby reversing the dysbiosis caused by C. difficile infection and antibiotics. Thus, LZD polysaccharide may be one of the important active components for gut microbiota regulation in this TCM formula.
The distribution of galactic neighbours of X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei
Authors: Jones James R , Watson Michael G , Birchall Keir L , Starling Rhaana L C 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We combine X-ray data from the X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission 12th data release (4XMM DR12) and the extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS) early data release catalogues with the Galaxy and Mass Assembly spectroscopic galaxy survey to form a sample of 526 local ($0.05\le z \le 0.3$), moderately luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs; $L_{\rm X} \ge 10^{42}$ erg s-1). We compare the distribution of AGN hosts with that of the general galaxy population, finding no evidence of AGNs being preferentially hosted within over/underdense environments at a 7-Mpc scale. Next, we compare the distances to nearest-neighbour galaxies and find that AGN host galaxies are separated from their neighbours by the same distance as galaxies in a matched non-AGN sample. Finally, we consider mid-IR colour, provided by the All-WISE survey, the $L_{\rm X}/L_{6\, \mu \mathrm{m}}$ ratio, and X-ray hardness as tracers of AGN obscuration, to explore whether there is a change in the galaxy environment for obscured AGNs. We find no evidence of increasing AGN obscuration with decreasing separation in close galaxy pairs. We conclude that close galaxy–galaxy interactions may not be sufficiently disruptive to cause any observable increase in AGN activity.