bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Insights into Photochemical Reactions on CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite Nanoparticles from Single‐Particle Photoluminescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Kimura Yuki , Karimata Izuru , Kobori Yasuhiro , Tachikawa Takashi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMetal halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention in applications such as photovoltaic cells and light‐emitting diodes. The performance and durability of perovskite devices are significantly dependent on the nature of structural defects, but the underlying mechanisms of structure‐related photochemical reactions are not yet fully elucidated. This study demonstrates that the photoluminescence (PL) from individual perovskite nanoparticles (NPs) can be utilized to resolve the different trapping pathways of the photogenerated charges, and hence, obtain a correlation between the pathways. PL deactivation and activation were observed and mainly attributed to nonradiative Auger recombination by the trapped charges and the passivation of surface traps by oxygen, respectively. Single‐particle spectroelectrochemical techniques were further employed to explore the possible origin of the effective charge trap states and the reversibility of redox events under electrical bias. Consequently, this study unravels the complex effects of the structural defects on the charge carrier dynamics in perovskites.
Document clustering for efficient and secure information retrieval from cloud
Authors: Handa Rohit , Krishna C. Rama , Aggarwal Naveen 
Published: January 2019

SummaryOrganizations prefer using cloud for storing their data due to availability of cost‐effective storage. The outsourced data include sensitive information, so data is encrypted as maintaining confidentiality and privacy of the documents is of paramount importance. Retrieving the desired information from the cloud requires efficient searching, which involves submission of search query to the cloud server by the end‐user. As the search terms may include sensitive information of an organization, it is desired that the search query should not reveal any confidential information. The existing works are not suitable for big‐data scenario due to high search time required for large document collections, thereby leading to increased cloud usage cost. Thus, an efficient approach to perform search on encrypted data using clustering is proposed in this paper. As the proposed technique clusters the documents based on the relationship between the keywords, the search method involves searching documents within the relevant cluster in contrast to searching the entire dataset. An efficient ranking method is incorporated to rank the documents according to the relevance to search query using Term Frequency‐Inverse Document Frequency (tf‐idf) value of the keywords in the documents, which leads to reduced communication overheads due to reduction in unnecessary documents being downloaded. Moreover, an efficient query randomization approach is proposed so that two or more queries involving the same search terms appear distinct. Experimental results using real datasets demonstrate that our proposed multi‐keyword ranked search scheme on encrypted cloud data significantly reduce the number of comparisons and search time in comparison to the existing techniques while maintaining recall of 100% and precision of 82%.
A Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Chemosensor Based on Isothiocyanate‐Aza‐BODIPY for Cyanide Detection at the Parts per Billion Level: Applications in Buffer Media and Living Cell Imaging
Authors: Piyanuch Pornthip , Sirirak Jitnapa , Kamkaew Anyanee , Weeranantanapan Oratai , Promarak Vinich , Burgess Kevin , Wanichacheva Nantanit 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA near‐infrared chemodosimeter based on an aza‐BODIPY dye was designed and synthesized. The sensor contains isothiocyanate groups for cyanide ion sensing. The sensing function was illustrated via the fluorescence changes in near‐infrared frequencies as well as chromogenic changes which could be easily visualized with a detection limit of 19 ppb. The sensor provides high selectivity to CN− and discriminates other anions such as CH3COO−, HPO4−, HSO4−, ClO3−, CO32−, SO42−, NO3−, Cl−, F−, Br−, I−, and phenylalanine (Phe) in 50 % PBS buffer/acetonitrile at physiological pH. The potential of the sensor for CN− detection in both aqueous buffer solutions and living cells imaging was demonstrated.
Predator, prey, and substrate interactions: the role of faunal activity and substrate characteristics
Authors: Mathers K. L. , Rice S. P. , Wood P. J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMany taxa possess a range of strategies to reduce the risk of predation, including actively seeking suitable refuge habitats; however, the global spread of invasive species may disrupt these behavioral responses. In lotic ecosystems, interstitial spaces in the substrate are important refugia for small organisms. Some predators are ecosystem engineers that exhibit zoogeomorphic agency—the ability to modify the geomorphology of their environment. It is therefore possible that direct ecological effects of predators on prey may be realized through modifications to the prey's habitat, including the availability of refugia, by predators that are zoogeomorphic agents or via external stressors such as fine sediment loading. This study examined three research questions in a mesocosm study across a gradient of sediment‐stress treatments: (1) What affects do predators (Pacifastacus leniusculus, invasive crayfish) and prey (Gammarus pulex, amphipods) have on the ingress of fine sediment into gravel substrates and therefore on available interstitial refugia? (2) Do prey taxa seek refuge from (invasive) predators in the form of vertical movement into subsurface sediments? and (3) How does fine sediment ingress influence predator–prey interactions and prey survival through predator avoidance behavior. Here, we provide direct evidence demonstrating that fine sediment ingress into gravel river beds can be facilitated by zoogeomorphic activity with P. leniusculus increasing the infiltration of fine sand particles (but not coarse sand) during foraging activities. Predator–prey interactions were found to be a primary factor mediating zoogeomorphic activity, with the isolation of crayfish from prey (G. pulex) leading to increased fine sand ingress. When present with signal crayfish, G. pulex displayed vertical avoidance behavior, entering subsurface substrates to evade predation by P. leniusculus. Coarse sand treatments resulted in higher predation rates of G. pulex, most likely due to clogging of interstitial pore spaces between gravels limiting the effectiveness of the prey's vertical avoidance behavior strategy. A new conceptual model that captures the interactions between predator, prey, zoogeomorphic processes and habitat availability is presented. This model highlights how predator–prey interactions can be strongly mediated by dynamic bi‐directional interactions between organisms and the physical environment they inhabit as ecological and geomorphological processes are intrinsically linked.
Impedance‐based viscoelastic flow cytometry
Authors: Serhatlioglu Murat , Asghari Mohammad , Tahsin Guler Mustafa , Elbuken Caglar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractElastic nature of the viscoelastic fluids induces lateral migration of particles into a single streamline and can be used by microfluidic based flow cytometry devices. In this study, we investigated focusing efficiency of polyethylene oxide based viscoelastic solutions at varying ionic concentration to demonstrate their use in impedimetric particle characterization systems. Rheological properties of the viscoelastic fluid and particle focusing performance are not affected by ionic concentration. We investigated the viscoelastic focusing dynamics using polystyrene (PS) beads and human red blood cells (RBCs) suspended in the viscoelastic fluid. Elasto‐inertial focusing of PS beads was achieved with the combination of inertial and viscoelastic effects. RBCs were aligned along the channel centerline in parachute shape which yielded consistent impedimetric signals. We compared our impedance‐based microfluidic flow cytometry results for RBCs and PS beads by analyzing particle transit time and peak amplitude at varying viscoelastic focusing conditions obtained at different flow rates. We showed that single orientation, single train focusing of nonspherical RBCs can be achieved with polyethylene oxide based viscoelastic solution that has been shown to be a good candidate as a carrier fluid for impedance cytometry.
Melanopsin for precise optogenetic activation of astrocyte‐neuron networks
Authors: Mederos Sara , Hernández‐Vivanco Alicia , Ramírez‐Franco Jorge , Martín‐Fernández Mario , Navarrete Marta , Yang Aimei , Boyden Edward S. , Perea Gertrudis 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOptogenetics has been widely expanded to enhance or suppress neuronal activity and it has been recently applied to glial cells. Here, we have used a new approach based on selective expression of melanopsin, a G‐protein‐coupled photopigment, in astrocytes to trigger Ca2+ signaling. Using the genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator GCaMP6f and two‐photon imaging, we show that melanopsin is both competent to stimulate robust IP3‐dependent Ca2+ signals in astrocyte fine processes, and to evoke an ATP/Adenosine‐dependent transient boost of hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission. Additionally, under low‐frequency light stimulation conditions, melanopsin‐transfected astrocytes can trigger long‐term synaptic changes. In vivo, melanopsin‐astrocyte activation enhances episodic‐like memory, suggesting melanopsin as an optical tool that could recapitulate the wide range of regulatory actions of astrocytes on neuronal networks in behaving animals. These results describe a novel approach using melanopsin as a precise trigger for astrocytes that mimics their endogenous G‐protein signaling pathways, and present melanopsin as a valuable optical tool for neuron–glia studies.
Connectome‐based model predicts individual differences in propensity to trust
Authors: Lu Xiaping , Li Ting , Xia Zhichao , Zhu Ruida , Wang Li , Luo Yue‐Jia , Feng Chunliang , Krueger Frank 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTrust constitutes a fundamental basis of human society and plays a pivotal role in almost every aspect of human relationships. Although enormous interest exists in determining the neuropsychological underpinnings of a person's propensity to trust utilizing task‐based fMRI; however, little progress has been made in predicting its variations by task‐free fMRI based on whole‐brain resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC). Here, we combined a one‐shot trust game with a connectome‐based predictive modeling approach to predict propensity to trust from whole‐brain RSFC. We demonstrated that individual variations in the propensity to trust were primarily predicted by RSFC rooted in the functional integration of distributed key nodes—caudate, amygdala, lateral prefrontal cortex, temporal–parietal junction, and the temporal pole—which are part of domain‐general large‐scale networks essential for the motivational, affective, and cognitive aspects of trust. We showed, further, that the identified brain‐behavior associations were only evident for trust but not altruistic preferences and that propensity to trust (and its underlying neural underpinnings) were modulated according to the extent to which a person emphasizes general social preferences (i.e., horizontal collectivism) rather than general risk preferences (i.e., trait impulsiveness). In conclusion, the employed data‐driven approach enables to predict propensity to trust from RSFC and highlights its potential use as an objective neuromarker of trust impairment in mental disorders.
Intratumoral generation of 2‐fluoroadenine to treat solid malignancies of the head and neck
Authors: Behbahani Turang E. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Parker William B. , Sorscher Eric J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis report describes treatment of locoregional head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by an innovative, experimental strategy involving generation of a robust anti‐cancer agent (2‐fluoroadenine [F‐Ade]) following transduction by Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) in a small number of tumor cells. F‐Ade works by a unique mechanism of action (ablation of RNA and protein synthesis) and confers tumor regressions of otherwise refractory HNSCC in human subjects. Clinical studies have now advanced to a pivotal (registration‐directed) trial involving locoregional HNSCC, with plans to begin subject enrollment late in 2018. The present review is the first to summarize use of PNP in the context of HNSCC, and provides background regarding this emerging anti‐cancer approach.
Early onset oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma: Associated factors and patient outcomes
Authors: Campbell Benjamin R. , Sanders Courtney B. , Netterville James L. , Sinard Robert J. , Rohde Sarah L. , Langerman Alexander , Mannion Kyle , Kim Young J. , Murphy Barbara A. , Lewis James S. , Warner Jeremy L. , Smith Derek K. , Lang Kuhs Krystle A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundIncidence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTC) is rising among those under age 50 years. The etiology is unknown.MethodsA total of 395 cases of OTC diagnosed and/or treated at Vanderbilt University Medical Center between 2000 and 2017 were identified. Of those, 113 (28.6%) were early onset (age < 50 years). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with early onset OTC. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated survival and recurrence.ResultsCompared to typical onset patients, patients with early onset OTC were more likely to receive multimodality treatment (surgery and radiation; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2‐6.3) and report a history of snuff use (aOR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.8‐15.8) and were less likely to report a history of cigarette use (aOR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2‐0.9). Early onset patients had better overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.6).ConclusionsThis is the largest study to evaluate factors associated with early onset OTC and the first to report an association with snuff.
The Opening of 1,2‐Dithiolanes and 1,2‐Diselenolanes: Regioselectivity, Rearrangements, and Consequences for Poly(disulfide)s, Cellular Uptake and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complexes
Authors: Laurent Quentin , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe thiol‐mediated opening of 3‐alkyl‐1,2‐dithiolanes and diselenolanes is described. The thiolate nucleophile is shown to react specifically with the secondary chalcogen atom, against steric demand, probably because the primary chalcogen atom provides a better leaving group. Once released, this primary chalcogen atom reacts with the obtained secondary dichalcogenide to produce the constitutional isomer. Thiolate migration to the primary dichalcogenide equilibrates within ca. 20 ms at room temperature at a 3 : 2 ratio in favor of the secondary dichalcogenide. The clarification of this focused question is important for the understanding of multifunctional poly(disulfide)s obtained by ring opening disulfide exchange polymerization of 3‐alkyl‐1,2‐dithiolanes, to rationalize the cellular uptake mediated by 3‐alkyl‐1,2‐diselenolanes as molecular walkers and, perhaps, also of the mode of action of pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes. The isolation of ring‐opened diselenolanes is particularly intriguing because dominant selenophilicity disfavors ring opening strongly.
The necessity, validity, and clinical utility of a new diagnostic entity: Acute suicidal affective disturbance
Authors: Rogers Megan L. , Chu Carol , Joiner Thomas 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveHere we argue for the necessity, validity, and clinical utility of a new diagnostic entity, acute suicidal affective disturbance (ASAD).MethodWe expand on the conceptual, clinical, and practical rationale for ASAD, propose its defining features, describe research results to date, and suggest avenues for future research.ResultsThere is accruing evidence for the existence of a previously unclassified, rapid‐onset mood disturbance that geometrically escalates and regularly results in life‐threatening behavior.ConclusionsASAD research may not only improve the field's understanding of suicidal behavior but also enhance clinical effectiveness and save lives.
Current approaches for detection of human T‐lymphotropic virus Type 1: A systematic review
Authors: Fani Mona , Rezayi Majid , Meshkat Zahra , Rezaee Seyed Abdolrahim , Makvandi Manoochehr , Abouzari‐Lotf Ebrahim , Ferns Gordon A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundHuman T‐lymphotropic virus Type 1 (HTLV‐1) is a retrovirus that is endemic in some regions of the world. It is known to cause several diseases like adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Serology and molecular methods have been used to detect this virus. Of these, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used as a primary screening method and this is usually followed by western blotting (WB) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods as confirmatory tests. We conducted a systematic review of the different techniques used in the diagnosis of HTLV‐1 infection.Materials and MethodsOur search was limited to original papers in the English language from 2010 to 2018 using several databases including Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database. A manual search of references provided in the included papers was also performed.ResultsOf 101 electronically searched citations, 43 met the inclusion criteria. ELISA is commonly used for qualitative and screening detection, and WB and PCR techniques are used to confirm infection.ConclusionAmong all the reported methods for detection of HTLV‐1, only serological and molecular tests are used as the most common technical assays for HTLV‐1. The ELISA assay, without a confirmatory test, has several limitations and affect the accuracy of the results. Owing to the prevalence of HTLV‐1 and limitations of the current detection methods, further evaluation of the accuracy of these methods is needed. There are new opportunities for applying novel technological advances in microfluidics, biosensors, and lab‐on‐a‐chip systems to perform HTLV‐1 diagnostics.
How is mechanobiology involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward the osteoblastic or adipogenic fate?
Authors: Benayahu Dafna , Wiesenfeld Yarden , Sapir‐Koren Rony 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMechanobiology plays a major role in transducing physical cues from the dynamic cellular environment into biochemical modifications that promote cell‐specific differentiation paths. Mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow or in other mesenchymal tissues will differentiate according to the expression of transcription factors (TFs) that govern their lineage commitment. The favoring of either osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation relies on TF expression as well as mechanical properties of the cells' niche that are translated into the activation of certain signaling pathways. Physical factors can induce significant shifts in bipotential lineage commitment between osteogenesis and adipogenesis. The stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding a cell, varying greatly from rigid environments close to the bone surface to softer regions in the bone marrow, can influence the path of differentiation. Additionally, mechanical loading through exercise appears to favor osteogenesis whereas disuse conditions seem to promote adipogenesis.
Silver‐doped carbon fibers at low loading capacity that display high antibacterial properties
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Chen Honglei , Sun Hui , Zhao Xin , Wang Shoujuan , Si Hongyu , Feng Ruyun , Zhang Huayong , Kong Fangong , Lucia Lucian , Fatehi Pedram 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDRenewable resources have been considered for producing many advanced materials. In this respect, silver‐doped carbon‐based materials with a low loading capacity and high antibacterial activity can also be generated via environmentally friendly routes and from renewable resources.RESULTSSilver‐doped carbon fibers were prepared from wood and cotton fibers via complexation and reduction reactions for depositing silver on the fibers and subsequently via carbonization of the loaded fibers. Silver loading before carbonization enhanced the stability of silver on the carbonized fibers, decreased silver loss (from 30 to 12%) and lowered the silver loading (5.66%) needed to achieve excellent antibacterial activity. However, wood‐based silver‐doped carbon fibers performed better than cotton‐based carbon fibers with respect to loss of antibacterial activity (12% at a silver loading of 5.66% versus 24% at a silver loading of 7.97% in 800 h respectively). These results are attributed to more uniformity in the distribution of silver nanoparticles in the porous structure of wood fibers than in cotton fibers.CONCLUSIONThe wood‐based carbon fibers exhibited better antibacterial activity and stronger affinity for maintaining silver and lower required silver loadings, and the sequence of silver loading and carbonization was crucial in developing silver‐loaded carbon fibers with good antibacterial performance. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Measuring the value of MRI: Comparative effectiveness & outcomes research
Authors: Kang Stella K. 
Published: January 2019

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) now provides diagnostic assessment for numerous clinical indications, including lesion detection, characterization, functional assessment, and response to treatment. To maximize the potential to improve health through the use of MRI, it is critical to investigate the impact of MRI on outcomes, and to compare the effectiveness of MRI with existing standard diagnostic approaches. Outcomes of MRI can include survival but also intermediate steps such as potential reduction in unnecessary therapy, shorter time to the appropriate therapy, or shorter periods of hospital admission. To understand the effectiveness of an imaging test's sensitivity and specificity, the results' consequences are weighed, reflecting the disease type, severity, and treatment effects. In some instances, other modalities may be faster, more readily available, or less costly than MRI but additional disease‐related information or better accuracy may translate to greater population level benefit. For health policy decisions and clinical guidelines, studies of comparative outcomes can lend depth to the strength of the evidence, the specific benefits vs. harms of using one test over another, and the most effective use of the test in terms of target population. Cost effectiveness then allows for a direct comparison of approaches in terms of the cost for the projected gain in life expectancy and/or quality adjusted life expectancy. Expanding the literature on improved efficiency, accessibility, clinical effectiveness, and cost effectiveness will support the directive for better quality and value in healthcare.Level of Evidence 5Technical Efficacy Stage 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.