bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jailangkung
Authors: Chan Margaret 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Chinese spirit-basket divination, which dates to the fifth century, would have been lost to the world had it not been reincarnated as Indonesian jailangkung. The term is the homophonic rendition of the Chinese cai lan gong [菜篮公, vegetable basket deity] and unambiguously links the Indonesian practice with the Chinese. Contemporary Chinese divinatory methods have replaced the clumsy basket planchette with the handier triforked branch or a pen held in the medium’s hand, but a spirit basket still features in jailangkung and remains the key element in involutions of the prototype. For example, Nini Thowong’s spirit-possessed doll originated as an effigy built over a basket armature. Jailangkung and its iterations are performed as sacred rituals or games of amusement all over the archipelago to an extent that jailangkung has been absorbed into Indonesian magic folklore. Jailangkung starred in the country’s most successful horror movie. This investigation discusses the domestication of an alien tradition as social-political engineering.
The Long Journey of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Kennison Monica , Long Elizabeth 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT:
The growing elderly population is creating record numbers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. Nursing has an unprecedented opportunity to rethink how we care for adults with dementia, reduce the burden of caregivers, and preserve the personhood of patients. This article reviews AD and dementia pathophysiology, history, screening, stigma, treatments and interventions, and caregiver support. A nurse's journey with her mother with AD imparts the meaning of patient dignity.
The Effect of Positive Postdebridement Cultures on Local Muscle Flap Reconstruction of the Lower Extremity
Authors: Kanuri Arjun , O’Kelly Neil D. , Shuck John , Kim Paul , Evans Karen K. , Attinger Christopher E. 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Local muscle flaps are a reconstructive option for wound coverage in the distal lower extremity, particularly in high-risk patients who are poor candidates for free tissue transfer. At our institution, chronic and infected wounds are managed with serial debridement before definitive reconstruction. There is a paucity of data on optimal timing for reconstruction in this patient population. This study investigates the relationship of positive postdebridement cultures (PDC) and wound closure rates at 90 days.

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients undergoing local muscle flap coverage of chronic distal lower extremity wounds between 2006 and 2012 was performed. All patients were managed with serial debridement until negative PDC were obtained. In some cases, PDC remained positive or exhibit delayed culture growth in the day(s) following closure. Data recorded include demographics, flap type/location, culture data, and wound closure at 90-day follow-up.

Results:
Of 76 patients, 60 met inclusion criteria with minimum 90-day follow-up. Despite 100% flap survival, 17 patients (28.3%) had failure of wound closure at 90 days and 22 patients (36%) had positive PDC. Multivariate analysis identified positive PDC (odds ratio, 29.6; 95% CI, 3.6–246.4; P = 0.002) and smoking (odds ratio, 8.9; 95% CI, 1.4–57.6; P = 0.02) as independent predictors of nonclosure at 90 days.

Conclusions:
In this series of local muscle flap coverage of distal lower extremity wounds, positive PDC were a strong independent predictor of failure of wound closure at 90 days. This study demonstrates the importance of serial debridement to negative cultures before definitive coverage in this patient population.
Use of Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging for Successful Fingertip Replantation
Authors: Karakawa Ryo , Yano Tomoyuki , Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Harima Mitsunobu , Kanayama Koji , Iida Takuya , Sawaizumi Masayuki 
Published: September 2018

Summary:
Fingertip replantation is a technical challenge for microsurgeons. For successful fingertip replantation, it is important to monitor the replanted fingertip vascularity for the early detection and revision of vascular compromise. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a camera-based technique that measures the perfusion by illuminating the tissue with a 785-nm-wavelength divergent laser beam. This creates a speckle pattern over the illuminated area. We present a case in which postoperative monitoring of the replanted fingertip microcirculation using LSCI allowed for successful Tamai zone I fingertip replantation. Postoperative monitoring using LSCI has 3 main advantages. First, this method is harmless to the patient and the replanted fingertip. A camera-based technique enables microcirculation monitoring without touching the patient or the replanted fingertip. Second, tissue perfusion is measured in real time and recorded continuously, allowing for the rapid response to the arterial or venous occlusion to be observed. Third, using LSCI, the skin perfusion can be measured quantitatively. Although further clinical investigations will be required to confirm its efficacy, LSCI has the potential to be a useful monitoring device.
Use of Clinical Faculty Input in Development of an Error and Near-Miss Reporting Form
Authors: Emerson Christie , Shabo Rebecca , Jones Jackie 
Published: September 2018

Background
Nonreporting of medical errors is an impediment to error prevention and safety in the clinical environment. Many prelicensure nursing education programs do not have policies, procedures, or forms to support student reporting of errors or near misses during their clinical experiences.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of clinical faculty with prelicensure nursing student errors or near misses in the clinical environment and to use this information to create a reporting form.

Methods
Focus groups were used to obtain information about the experiences of clinical faculty (n = 28) with errors or near misses of students.

Results
Clinical faculty reported students having safety issues with medication administration, being too task oriented, and modeling shortcut behaviors they had witnessed in clinical practice rather than performing skills as they had learned them. Using information obtained, a clinical error and near-miss reporting form was developed.

Conclusions
This form has the potential to increase patient safety in the clinical environment by improving reporting.
A hospital-wide initiative to eliminate or reduce needle pain in children using lean methodology
Authors: Friedrichsdorf Stefan J. , Eull Donna , Weidner Christian , Postier Andrea 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Introduction:
Pain remains common, underrecognized, and undertreated in children's hospitals and pediatric clinics. Over 200,000 patients experience needle pain annually in our institution, caused by blood draws, intravenous access, vaccinations, and injections on all inpatient units, emergency departments, outpatient laboratories, and ambulatory clinics.

Objectives:
We implemented a hospital-based, system-wide initiative called the “Children's Comfort Promise,” and created a new standard of care for needle procedures that required staff to consistently offer 4 strategies: (1) topical anesthetics, (2) sucrose or breastfeeding for infants 0 to 12 months, (3) comfort positioning (including swaddling, skin-to-skin, or facilitated tucking for infants; sitting upright for children), and (4) age-appropriate distraction.

Methods:
The protocol was established system-wide in one of the largest children's hospitals in the United States using a staggered implementation approach over a 3-year period to allow for unit-specific customization and facilitation of knowledge transfer from one unit to another. All departments were required to offer all 4 strategies with appropriate education at least 95% of the time.

Results:
Comparison of baseline audits with continuous postimplementation audits revealed that wait times for services decreased, patient satisfaction increased, and staff concerns about implementation were allayed (eg, concerns about wait times and success rates of venipuncture after topical anesthesia).

Conclusion:
This is the first report of a successful system-wide protocol implementation to reduce or eliminate needle pain, including pain from vaccinations, in a children's hospital across all inpatient units, emergency departments, outpatient laboratories, and ambulatory clinics through consistent use of topical anesthesia, sucrose/breastfeeding, positioning, and distraction.
Patient Safety Incidents in Primary Care Dentistry in England and Wales: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Ensaldo-Carrasco Eduardo , Sheikh Asiyah , Cresswell Kathrin , Bedi Raman , Carson-Stevens Andrew , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: September 2018

Background
In recent decades, there has been considerable international attention aimed at improving the safety of hospital care, and more recently, this attention has broadened to include primary medical care. In contrast, the safety profile of primary care dentistry remains poorly characterized.

Objectives
We aimed to describe the types of primary care dental patient safety incidents reported within a national incident reporting database and understand their contributory factors and consequences.

Methods
We undertook a cross-sectional mixed-methods study, which involved analysis of a weighted randomized sample of the most severe incident reports from primary care dentistry submitted to England and Wales’ National Reporting and Learning System. Drawing on a conceptual literature-derived model of patient safety threats that we previously developed, we developed coding frameworks to describe and conduct thematic analysis of free text incident reports and determine the relationship between incident types, contributory factors, and outcomes.

Results
Of 2000 reports sampled, 1456 were eligible for analysis. Sixty types of incidents were identified and organized across preoperative (40.3%, n = 587), intraoperative (56.1%, n = 817), and postoperative (3.6%, n = 52) stages. The main sources of unsafe care were delays in treatment (344/1456, 23.6%), procedural errors (excluding wrong-tooth extraction) (227/1456; 15.6%), medication-related adverse incidents (161/1456, 11.1%), equipment failure (90/1456, 6.2%) and x-ray related errors (87/1456, 6.0%). Of all incidents that resulted in a harmful outcome (n = 77, 5.3%), more than half were due to wrong tooth extractions (37/77, 48.1%) mainly resulting from distraction of the dentist. As a result of this type of incident, 34 of the 37 patients (91.9%) examined required further unnecessary procedures.

Conclusions
Flaws in administrative processes need improvement because they are the main cause for patients experiencing delays in receiving treatment. Checklists and standardization of clinical procedures have the potential to reduce procedural errors and avoid overuse of services. Wrong-tooth extractions should be addressed through focused research initiatives and encouraging policy development to mandate learning from serious dental errors like never events.
Geometric models reveal behavioral and neural signatures of transforming naturalistic experiences into episodic memories
Authors: Heusser Andrew C. , Fitzpatrick Paxton C. , Manning Jeremy R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe mental contexts in which we interpret experiences are often person-specific, even when the experiences themselves are shared. We developed a geometric framework for mathematically characterizing the subjective conceptual content of dynamic naturalistic experiences. We model experiences and memories as trajectories through word embedding spaces whose coordinates reflect the universe of thoughts under consideration. Memory encoding can then be modeled as geometrically preserving or distorting the shape of the original experience. We applied our approach to data collected as participants watched and verbally recounted a television episode while undergoing functional neuroimaging. Participants’ recountings all preserved coarse spatial properties (essential narrative elements), but not fine spatial scale (low-level) details, of the episode’s trajectory. We also identified networks of brain structures sensitive to these trajectory shapes. Our work provides insights into how we preserve and distort our ongoing experiences when we encode them into episodic memories.
Amplifying the redistribution of somato-dendritic inhibition by the interplay of three interneuron types
Authors: Hertäg Loreen , Sprekeler Henning 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGABAergic interneurons play an important role in shaping the activity of excitatory pyramidal cells (PCs). How the various inhibitory cell types contribute to neuronal information processing, however, is not resolved. Here, we propose a functional role for a widespread network motif consisting of parvalbumin-(PV), somatostatin-(SOM) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-expressing interneurons. Following the idea that PV and SOM interneurons control the distribution of somatic and dendritic inhibition onto PCs, we suggest that mutual inhibition between VIP and SOM cells translates weak inputs to VIP interneurons into large changes of somato-dendritic inhibition of PCs. Using a computational model, we show that the neuronal and synaptic properties of the circuit support this hypothesis. Moreover, we show that the SOM-VIP motif allows transient inputs to persistently switch the circuit between two processing modes, in which top-down inputs onto apical dendrites of PCs are either integrated or canceled.
Wide-field imaging of cortical neuronal activity with red-shifted functional indicators during motor task execution
Authors: Montagni Elena , Resta Francesco , Conti Emilia , Scaglione Alessandro , Pasquini Maria , Micera Silvestro , Allegra Mascaro Anna Letizia , Pavone Francesco Saverio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntracellular concentration of free calcium ions in neuronal populations can be longitudinally evaluated by using fluorescent protein indicators, called genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs). GECIs with long emission wavelengths are particularly attractive for deep tissue microscopy in vivo, and have the additional advantage of avoiding spectral overlap with commonly used neuronal actuators like Channelrhodopsin.Here we investigated the performances of selected red-shifted GECIs through an ex vivo characterization and in vivo imaging of cortical mouse activity during motor task execution. Cortical neurons were infected with adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing one of the red GECI variants (jRCaMP1a, jRCaMP1b, jRGECO1a, jRGECO1b). First we characterized the transfection in terms of extension and intensity using wide-field fluorescence microscopy. Next, we used RCaMP1a to analyse the cortical neuronal activity during motor behaviour. To that end, wide-field fluorescent microscopy and a robotic device for motor control were combined for simultaneous recording of cortical neuronal-activity, force applied and forelimb position during task execution.Our results show that jRCaMP1a has sufficient sensitivity to monitor in vivo neuronal activity over multiple functional areas, and can be successfully used to perform longitudinal imaging in awake mice.
Characterisation of the HIV-1 Molecular Epidemiology in Nigeria: Origin, Diversity, Demography and Geographic Spread
Authors: Nazziwa Jamirah , Faria Nuno , Chaplin Beth , Rawizza Holly , Dakum Patrick , Abimiku Alash’le , Charurat Man , Ndembi Nicaise , Esbjörnsson Joakim 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTNigeria has been reported to have the highest number of AIDS-related deaths in the world. In this study, we aimed to determine the HIV-1 genetic diversity and phylodynamics in Nigeria. We analysed 1442 HIV-1polsequences collected 1999-2014 from four geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the main circulating strains was the circulating recombinant strain (CRF) 02_AG (44% of the analysed sequences), subtype G (8%), and CRF43_02G (16%); and that these were introduced in Nigeria in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, respectively. The number of effective infections decreased in Nigeria after the introduction of free antiretroviral treatment in 2006. We also found a significant number of unique recombinant forms (22.7%). The majority of those were recombinants between two or three of the main circulating strains. Seven of those recombinants may represent novel CRFs. Finally, phylogeographic analysis suggested multiple occasions of HIV-1 transmissions between Lagos and Abuja (two of the main cities in Nigeria), that HIV-1 epidemic started in these cities, and then dispersed into rural areas.IMPORTANCENigeria has the second largest HIV-1 epidemic in the world with the highest number of AIDS-related deaths. The few previous reports have focused on local HIV-1 subtype/CRF distributions in different Nigerian regions, and the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Nigeria as a whole is less well characterized. In this study, we describe the HIV-1 spatiotemporal dynamics of the five dominating transmission clusters representing the main characteristics of the epidemiology. Our results may contribute to inform prevention strategies against further spread of HIV-1 in Nigeria.
Uromonitor®as a novel sensitive and specific urine-based test for recurrence surveillance of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Sampaio Cristina , Batista Rui , Peralta Pedro , Conceição Paulo , Sismeiro Amílcar , Prazeres Hugo , Vinagre João , Soares Paula 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBladder cancer is the most frequent malignancy of the urinary system and is ranked the seventh most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. About 70-75% of all newly diagnosed patients with bladder cancer will present disease confined to the mucosa or submucosa, the non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) subtype. Of those, approximately 70% will recur after transurethral resection (TUR). Due to this high rate of recurrence, patients are submitted to an intensive follow-up program that should be maintained throughout many years, or even throughout life, resulting in an expensive follow-up, with cystoscopy being the most cost-effective procedure for NMIBC screening. Currently, the gold standard procedure for detection and follow-up of NMIBC is based on the association of cystoscopy and urine cytology. As cystoscopy is a very invasive approach, over the years, many different non-invasive (both in serum and urine samples) assays have been developed in order to search genetic and protein alterations related to the development, progression and recurrence of bladder cancer.TERTpromoter mutations andFGFR3hotspot mutations are the most frequent somatic alterations in bladder cancer and constitute the most reliable biomarkers for bladder cancer. Based on these findings, an ultra-sensitive assay called Uromonitor®was developed that corresponds to a urine-based assay capable of detecting trace amounts of the two most common alterations in NMIBC,TERTpromoter andFGFR3mutation, in urine samples. The Uromonitor®test was performed in a cohort of 72 patients, firstly diagnosed with bladder cancer and under surveillance for NMIBC, to access its sensitivity and specificity in the detection of NMIBC recurrence. Uromonitor®was shown to be highly sensitive and specific in detecting recurrence of bladder cancer in patients under surveillance of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
Improving The Performance Of The Amber Rna Force Field By Tuning The Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions
Authors: Kührová Petra , Mlýnský Vojtěch , Zgarbová Marie , Krepl Miroslav , Bussi Giovanni , Best Robert B. , Otyepka Michal , Šponer Jiří , Banáš Pavel 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTMolecular dynamics (MD) simulations became a leading tool for investigation of structural dynamics of nucleic acids. Despite recent efforts to improve the empirical potentials (force fields,ffs), RNAffshave persisting deficiencies, which hamper their utilization in quantitatively accurate simulations. Previous studies have shown that at least two salient problems contribute to difficulties in description of free-energy landscapes of small RNA motifs: (i) excessive stabilization of the unfolded single-stranded RNA ensemble by intramolecular base-phosphate and sugar-phosphate interactions, and (ii) destabilization of the native folded state by underestimation of stability of base pairing. Here, we introduce a generalffterm (gHBfix) that can selectively fine-tune non-bonding interaction terms in RNAffs, in particular the H-bonds. gHBfix potential affects the pair-wise interactions between all possible pairs of the specific atom types, while all other interactions remain intact, i.e., it is not a structure-based model. In order to probe the ability of the gHBfix potential to refine theffnon-bonded terms, we performed an extensive set of folding simulations of RNA tetranucleotides and tetraloops. Based on these data we propose particular gHBfix parameters to modify the AMBER RNAff. The suggested parametrization significantly improves the agreement between experimental data and the simulation conformational ensembles, although our currentffversion still remains far from being flawless. While attempts to tune the RNAffsby conventional reparametrizations of dihedral potentials or non-bonded terms can lead to major undesired side effects as we demonstrate for some recently publishedffs, gHBfix has a clear promising potential to improve theffperformance while avoiding introduction of major new imbalances.
Theory of measurement for site-specific evolutionary rates in amino-acid sequences
Authors: Sydykova Dariya K. , Wilke Claus O. 
Published: September 2018

In the field of molecular evolution, we commonly calculate site-specific evolutionary rates from alignments of amino-acid sequences. For example, catalytic residues in enzymes and interface regions in protein complexes can be inferred from observed relative rates. While numerous approaches exist to calculate amino-acid rates, it is not entirely clear what physical quantities the inferred rates represent and how these rates relate to the underlying fitness landscape of the evolving proteins. Further, amino-acid rates can be calculated in the context of different amino-acid exchangeability matrices, such as JTT, LG, or WAG, and again it is not well understood how the choice of the matrix influences the physical inter-pretation of the inferred rates. Here, we develop a theory of measurement for site-specific evolutionary rates, by analytically solving the maximum-likelihood equations for rate inference performed on sequences evolved under a mutation–selection model. We demonstrate that for realistic analysis settings the measurement process will recover the true expected rates of the mutation–selection model if rates are measured relative to a naïve exchangeability matrix, in which all exchangeabilities are equal to 1/19. We also show that rate measurements using other matrices are quantitatively close but in general not mathematically equivalent. Our results demonstrate that insights obtained from phylogenetic-tree inference do not necessarily apply to rate inference, and best practices for the former may be deleterious for the latter.Significance StatementMaximum likelihood inference is widely used to infer model parameters from sequence data in an evolutionary context. One major challenge in such inference procedures is the problem of having to identify the appropriate model used for inference. Model parameters usually are meaningful only to the extent that the model is appropriately specified and matches the process that generated the data. However, in practice, we don’t know what process generated the data, and most models in actual use are misspecified. To circumvent this problem, we show here that we can employ maximum likelihood inference to make defined and meaningful measurements on arbitrary processes. Our approach uses misspecification as a deliberate strategy, and this strategy results in robust and meaningful parameter inference.