bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global mobility and the career of the stay-at-home partner
Authors: Mutter Joanne , Thorn Kaye 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Contemporary global mobility and dual careers are two key features of working life today. Little is known, however, about where they intersect, where one partner travels for their career, while the other partner is left behind, caring for the family and attempting to manage their own career. The purpose of this paper is to explore how the partner’s career is impacted by the traveller’s absence, and the strategies employed to enable their continued career development.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper employs a qualitative methodology, drawing on semi-structured interviews with the partners of international yachtsmen.

Findings
The findings highlight the prioritisation of the traveller’s career, for reasons of finance and their passion for their career. The implications of this could be detrimental to the partner’s career. Personalised, flexible working arrangements are essential in order for the partner to achieve a sustainable career of their own.

Research limitations/implications
The gendered nature of the sample provides an opportunity for further research examining the implications of the female being the traveller and the male the stay at home partner.

Practical implications
The paper examines a range of alternative strategies for maintaining or developing the career when also faced with additional family responsibilities.

Originality/value
This paper gives consideration to the career of the stay at home partner. A new dual-career strategy is identified – the entrepreneurial secondary career strategy, which has the potential to deliver the flexibility required to manage both work and family demands, and allow partners to enact their authentic career.
Building authentic intercultural awareness in the business classroom
Authors: Lopez Tará Burnthorne , Kemp April Field , McKenzie Russell 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to illustrate a useful classroom exercise that addresses this challenge. International experiences help university students develop global cultural awareness and better understand culture’s impact on decision-making. As more companies grow their global operations, they seek students with global competency (Eaton and Kleshinski, 2014). However, less than 7 per cent of US university students have basic cultural intelligence according to Lopes-Murphy (2014). This presents faculty with the significant challenge of developing students’ global competency within the walls of the classroom.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper describes a phenomenological research classroom activity titled the “Global Consumer Exchange” (GCE) to help business faculty authentically build students’ global awareness, understanding of culture and understanding of global consumer behavior. In addition, the GCE offers a context to help faculty highlight the economic, logistical and technological concerns that global businesses must consider. The GCE was administered in an undergraduate consumer behavior course in cooperation with students from the Republic of Panamá.

Findings
Following the GCE, US students reported new awareness of issues they had never considered before and also indicated an increased interest in understanding other cultures. The students also expressed a newfound willingness to personally reach out to international students.

Originality/value
This GCE offers business faculty an easy-to-implement and easily adaptable activity to authentically broaden students’ intercultural awareness and develop a deeper understanding of international business concepts. Through this activity, students are able to gain experience applying phenomenological research methods. The GCE can also be adapted for any course and applied to a wide variety of countries partnerships with university international student organizations and/or English as a second language programs.
Portuguese employers’ perceptions on management undergraduates’ transferable competencies
Authors: Barbosa Iris , Freire Carla 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to disclose the perceptions of Portuguese employers regarding the transferable competencies (TCs) that enhance the employability of recent management graduates, the mechanisms for their development and the role played by different agents (faculties, students and companies) in this process.Design/methodology/approachParticipants were 41 chief executive officers and human resource managers belonging to the same number of companies located in northern Portugal. A semi-structured interview guide allowed the participants to express their views through their own words and in depth.FindingsThe participants identified the TCs they seek in recent management graduates, including several cognitive competencies, emotional intelligence competencies and social intelligence competencies. They discerned the curricular internship and the Erasmus+ program as the most effective mechanisms to develop undergraduates’ TCs. The role of companies in the development of the TCs of students and recent graduates was acknowledged; nonetheless, these employers expect greater involvement from Portuguese faculties and students.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the results of this exploratory study cannot be generalized to the Portuguese population of employers, it contributes to uncover and understand their perceptions, hence providing a basis for subsequent investigations using larger samples.Originality/valuePortugal is a particularly relevant context to conduct this research given the recent financial crisis and ensuing pressure on new graduates to deliver good performance rapidly, as well as the involvement of Portuguese universities in processes of international evaluation and accreditation. However, little information has thus far become available regarding employers’ perceptions of management graduates’ TCs.
Compassionate leadership in palliative and end-of-life care: a focus group study
Authors: Hewison Alistair , Sawbridge Yvonne , Tooley Laura 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore compassionate leadership with those involved in leading system-wide end-of-life care. Its purpose was to: define compassionate leadership in the context of palliative and end-of-life care; collect accounts of compassionate leadership activity from key stakeholders in end-of-life and palliative care; and identify examples of compassionate leadership in practice.Design/methodology/approachFour focus groups involving staff from a range of healthcare organisations including hospitals, hospices and community teams were conducted to access the accounts of staff leading palliative and end-of-life care. The data were analysed thematically.FindingsThe themes that emerged from the data included: the importance of leadership as role modelling and nurturing; how stories were used to explain approaches to leading end-of-life care; the nature of leadership as challenging existing practice; and a requirement for leaders to manage boundaries effectively. Rich and detailed examples of leadership in action were shared.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings indicate that a relational approach to leadership was enacted in a range of palliative and end-of-life care settings.Practical implicationsContext-specific action learning may be a means of further developing compassionate leadership capability in palliative and end-of-life care and more widely in healthcare settings.Originality/valueThis paper presents data indicating how compassionate leadership, as a form of activity, is envisaged and enacted by staff in healthcare.
Levels of research evidence in health policy assessment in Malawi
Authors: Mapulanga Patrick , Raju Jaya , Matingwina Thomas 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine levels of health research evidence in health policies in Malawi.

Design/methodology/approach
The study selected a typology of health policies in Malawi from 2002 to 2017. The study adopted the SPIRIT conceptual framework and assessed the levels of research evidence in health policy, systems and services research using the revised SAGE policy assessment tool. Documentary analysis was used to assess levels of health research evidence in health policies in Malawi.

Findings
In 29 (96.7 per cent) of the health policies, policy formulators including healthcare directors and managers used generic search engines such as Google or Google Scholar to look for heath research evidence. In 28 (93.3 per cent) of the health policies, they searched for grey literature and other government documents. In only 6 (20 per cent) of the heath policy documents, they used academic literature in a form of journal articles and randomised controlled trials. No systematic reviews or policy briefs were consulted. Overall, in 23 (76.7 per cent) of the health policy documents, health research evidence played a minimal role and had very little influence on the policy documents or decision-making.

Research limitations/implications
The empirical evidence in the health policy documents are limited because of insufficient research citation, low retrievability of health research evidence in the policy documents and biased selectivity of what constitutes health research evidence.

Practical implications
The study indicates that unfiltered information (data from policy evaluations and registries) constitutes majority of the research evidence in health policies both in health policy, systems and services research. The study seeks to advocate for the use of filtered information (peer reviewed, clinical trials and data from systematic reviews) in formulating health policies.

Originality/value
There is dearth of literature on the levels of health research evidence in health policy-making both in health policy, systems and services research. This study seeks to bridge the gap with empirical evidence from a developing country perspective.
Michelle Walker in conversation with Jerome Carson
Authors: Walker Michelle , Carson Jerome 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a profile of Michelle Walker.

Design/methodology/approach
In this single case study, Michelle gives a short background to the development of her depression and is then interviewed by Jerome.

Findings
Michelle sets out the reasons she developed depression. These map onto the research conducted by Brown and Harris some 50 years ago, showing how social factors can create a vulnerability to develop depression.

Research limitations/implications
Single case studies provide us with one person’s narrative. That narrative is, however, unique and can often offer us insights that are lost in large statistical surveys.

Practical implications
Michelle found that the Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) approach really helped her. However, she should never have had to wait as long as she did for that help. Mental health services must respond quickly, even if only to offer a triage assessment.

Social implications
Brown and Harris identified four key vulnerability factors for depression in women. Michelle met three of these. How many other women are in a similar situation and are suffering in silence?

Originality/value
We can learn a lot from the factors that helped Michelle recover from her depressive episode: medication, CBT, the support of her mother, education, finding her soulmate and, although she does not say it, her own rugged determination and personal resilience.
From the fantasy of resilient identities to the process of identity resilience
Authors: Derivois Daniel 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
We live in a world marked at the same time by collective traumas and suffering of identity. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate reflection on the links between resilience and identity at the individual and collective levels.

Design/methodology/approach
This is an opinion piece using global collective history to put into perspective some psychological aspects of suffering of identity which mental health and social professionals may face in their practices.

Findings
These transformations affect the mental health of people facing multiple choices ranging from the risk of a fantasy of resilient identities to the possibility of a process of identity resilience.

Originality/value
To face this major challenge, professionals should be trained in the global history and anthropology of intercultural relations, to better support patients traumatized by identity threats in a process of resilience.
Building routines for non-routine events: supply chain resilience learning mechanisms and their antecedents
Authors: Scholten Kirstin , Sharkey Scott Pamela , Fynes Brian 
Published: March 2019

PurposeOrganisations must build resilience to be able to deal with disruptions or non-routine events in their supply chains. While learning is implicit in definitions of supply chain resilience (SCRes), there is little understanding of how exactly organisations can adapt their routines to build resilience. The purpose of this study is to address this gap.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is an in-depth qualitative case study based on 28 interviews across five companies, exploring learning to build SCRes.FindingsThis study uncovers six learning mechanisms and their antecedents that foster SCRes. The learning mechanisms identified suggest that through knowledge creation within an organisation and knowledge transfer across the supply chain and broader network of stakeholders, operating routines are built and/or adapted both intentionally and unintentionally during three stages of a supply chain disruption: preparation, response and recovery.Practical implicationsThis study shows how the impact of a supply chain disruption may be reduced by intentional and unintentional learning in all three disruption phases. By being aware of the antecedents of unintentional learning, organisations can more consciously adapt routines. Furthermore, findings highlight the potential value of additional attention to knowledge transfer, particularly in relation to collaborative and vicarious learning across the supply chain and broader network of stakeholders not only in preparation for, but also in response to and recovery from disruptions.Originality/valueThis study contributes novel insights about how learning leads both directly and indirectly to the evolution of operating routines that help an organisation and its supply chains to deal with disruptions. Results detail six specific learning mechanisms for knowledge creation and knowledge transfer and their antecedents for building SCRes. In doing so, this study provides new fine-grained theoretical insights about how SCRes can be improved through all three phases of a disruption. Propositions are developed for theory development.
Does evolutionary history determine specificity in broad ecological interactions?
Authors: Shefferson Richard P. , Bunch William , Cowden Charles C. , Lee Yung‐I , Kartzinel Tyler R. , Yukawa Tomohisa , Downing Jason , Jiang Hong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMost species engage in broad interactions, in which they interact with multiple partner species. The evolutionary processes that generate such generalized interactions remain unknown, partly due to the difficulty in comparing their breadth.We argue that the interaction specificity of species involved in broad interactions evolves in three ways: (a)assemblage specialization, in which a species specializes on particular host species that contribute unique resources, yielding specialization on the entire host assemblage; (b)apparent generalism, in which a species specializes on one or few host species that contribute unique resources, but also associates with other host species that contribute functionally redundant resources; and (c)true generalism, in which a species associates with multiple hosts that overlap functionally, and that are geographically interchangeable based on opportunity for encounter, leading to frequent host switching.We performed a phylogenetically controlled analysis of data on mycorrhizal fungal associations for approximately 25% of the orchid subfamily Cypripedioideae to determine whether these plants have specialized on their mycorrhizal fungal communities, or whether they are true generalists. We also assessed the impact of environmental factors on these associations.Our results suggested strong support for apparent generalism, suggesting strong specialization on particular, dominant fungi and weak specialization on others. Large orchid clades associated with dominant fungal species, notablyTulasnella cystidiophorafor genusCypripedium, andT. cystidiophoraandT. calosporafor genusPaphiopedilum. Significant phylogenetic signal in fungal species richness per plant species, but not in the fungal phylogenetic diversity per plant species nor in the composition of fungal assemblages across orchid species suggested that plant phylogeny is an important determinant of fungal association. Mixed linear models showed that environment influenced specificity across plant species, and that observed differences were strongly driven by differences in sampling effort.Synthesis.We found evidence of specialization of plant species on dominant fungal species, and to a lesser extent on their close relatives. The strong dominance of particular fungal species in these associations suggests important ecological roles for them, while environmental gradients in specificity suggest strong environmental filtering of these interactions.
Syntrophus aciditrophicus uses the same enzymes in a reversible manner to degrade and synthesize aromatic and alicyclic acids
Authors: James Kimberly L. , Kung Johannes W. , Crable Bryan R. , Mouttaki Housna , Sieber Jessica R. , Nguyen Hong H. , Yang Yanan , Xie Yongming , Erde Jonathan , Wofford Neil Q. , Karr Elizabeth A. , Loo Joseph A. , Ogorzalek Loo Rachel R. , Gunsalus Robert P. , McInerney Michael J. 
Published: March 2019

SummarySyntrophy is essential for the efficient conversion of organic carbon to methane in natural and constructed environments, but little is known about the enzymes involved in syntrophic carbon and electron flow. Syntrophus aciditrophicus strain SB syntrophically degrades benzoate and cyclohexane‐1‐carboxylate and catalyses the novel synthesis of benzoate and cyclohexane‐1‐carboxylate from crotonate. We used proteomic, biochemical and metabolomic approaches to determine what enzymes are used for fatty, aromatic and alicyclic acid degradation versus for benzoate and cyclohexane‐1‐carboxylate synthesis. Enzymes involved in the metabolism of cyclohex‐1,5‐diene carboxyl‐CoA to acetyl‐CoA were in high abundance in S. aciditrophicus cells grown in pure culture on crotonate and in coculture with Methanospirillum hungatei on crotonate, benzoate or cyclohexane‐1‐carboxylate. Incorporation of 13C‐atoms from 1‐[13C]‐acetate into crotonate, benzoate and cyclohexane‐1‐carboxylate during growth on these different substrates showed that the pathways are reversible. A protein conduit for syntrophic reverse electron transfer from acyl‐CoA intermediates to formate was detected. Ligases and membrane‐bound pyrophosphatases make pyrophosphate needed for the synthesis of ATP by an acetyl‐CoA synthetase. Syntrophus aciditrophicus, thus, uses a core set of enzymes that operates close to thermodynamic equilibrium to conserve energy in a novel and highly efficient manner.
A feed‐forward signalling circuit controls bacterial virulence through linking cyclic di‐GMP and two mechanistically distinct sRNAs, ArcZ and RsmB
Authors: Yuan Xiaochen , Zeng Quan , Khokhani Devanshi , Tian Fang , Severin Geoffrey B. , Waters Christopher M. , Xu Jingsheng , Zhou Xiang , Sundin George W. , Ibekwe Abasiofiok M. , Liu Fengquan , Yang Ching‐Hong 
Published: March 2019

Summary
Dickeya dadantii is a plant pathogen that causes soft rot disease on vegetable and potato crops. To successfully cause infection, this pathogen needs to coordinately modulate the expression of genes encoding several virulence determinants, including plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), type III secretion system (T3SS) and flagellar motility. Here, we uncover a novel feed‐forward signalling circuit for controlling virulence. Global RNA chaperone Hfq interacts with an Hfq‐dependent sRNA ArcZ and represses the translation of pecT, encoding a LysR‐type transcriptional regulator. We demonstrate that the ability of ArcZ to be processed to a 50 nt 3′‐ end fragment is essential for its regulation of pecT. PecT down‐regulates PCWDE and the T3SS by repressing the expression of a global post‐transcriptional regulator‐ (RsmA‐) associated sRNA encoding gene rsmB. In addition, we show that the protein levels of two cyclic di‐GMP (c‐di‐GMP) diguanylate cyclases (DGCs), GcpA and GcpL, are repressed by Hfq. Further studies show that both DGCs are essential for the Hfq‐mediated post‐transcriptional regulation on RsmB. Overall, our report provides new insights into the interplays between ubiquitous signalling transduction systems that were most studied independently and sheds light on multitiered regulatory mechanisms for a precise disease regulation in bacteria.
Interrogating the tribal: the aporia of ‘tribalism’ in the sociological study of the Middle East
Authors: Mohammadpour Ahmad , Soleimani Kamal 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we intend to deconstruct the term ‘tribalism’ as a colonial category, which figures as a prominent concept in social studies on Kurds as well as the Middle East at large. Blithely used, tribalism has occupied a central place, especially in the existing scholarship on Kurdistan. Some earlier anthropological works have gone so far as to regard tribalism as the ‘DNA’ of Middle Eastern people. Drawing on recent studies on Latin America, Africa and Central Asia, we argue that the use of tribalism as if it is the natural constitution of Kurdish society has caused a significant misrepresentation and oversimplification of socio‐political life in Kurdistan as well as the broader Middle East. In a way, the existing body of scholarship on this region has reproduced statist‐nationalist discourses at the expense of dominated communities (e.g., Kurds). The historical context of both colonial powers and nation‐states ‘combating tribes and tribalism’ coincided with the emergence of the discourse of racial biopolitics. Thus, the use of the term tribalism to define certain nations or ethnic groups should not be viewed as merely an application of socio‐anthropological categories. Hence, we argue that the ethical aspects and implications of the use of tribalism by both colonial powers and later by nation‐states to define certain ethnic groups must not be overlooked.