bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosivity in A West Java Reservoir Correlated with Fish Farms and Watershed Runoff
Authors: Tejakusuma Iwan G , Sittadewi Euthalia H , Santoso Eko W , Hijrah K , Yaaresya W K 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Cirata Reservoir, which has multiple uses including hydroelectric power for Java and Bali, is subject to environmental pressure from fish farms in its waters and human activities upstream. Corrosivity expressed as an index, LSI, was assessed four times yearly in 2013–2017 in the reservoir and in seven tributaries. Fish cages were also counted in the reservoir in 2007, 2011, 2014, 2016, and 2018. In the reservoir, yearly mean LSI in a fish farm area declined overall from - 0.83 to - 1.96 in 2013–2017, but quarterly values in 2015–2016 ranged from - 2.6 to - 0.31. Similarly upstream in the reservoir’s watershed, the yearly mean LSI of seven tributary rivers declined unsteadily in 2013–2017 from - 0.77 to - 1.55, but quarterly LSI during 2015–2016 in the Citarum River, largest tributary, ranged from - 2.4 to +0.68. Although watershed runoff may thus account for the reservoir’s corrosivity, several findings implicate fish farming increase the corrosivity even more. The number of floating net cages for fish culture nearly doubled in the past decade, from 53,031 plots in 2011, through 68,461 plots in 2014 and 77,195 plots in 2017, to 98,397 in 2018. The reservoir was previously estimated to have an environmental carrying capacity of 12,000 plots. Biological oxygen demand tends to increase in the vicinity of floating net cages.
Biochar as An Effective Material on Sediment Remediation for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contamination
Authors: Chen Z , Chen J , Yang X , Chen C , Huang S , Luo H 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The mechanism of biochar as capping materials on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) removal in river sediments was investigated. When biochar was amended, pyrene was decreased through strengthened aging effects (1.6 times), which was attributed to high adsorption capacity of the biochar. While biochar did not alter the main microbial community, it provided a stable niche for PAHs degradation microorganisms, which attributed to the porosity and biological affinity of biochar. According to the results, biochar increased the opportunity for PAH-degraders to contact PAHs in sediments. When electron acceptors were available, the pyrene-degraders in biochar pore degraded the adsorbed pyrene rapidly (+103%). Therefore, biochar could be an effective material on PAHs removal in sediments.
Investigation of Indoor Air Quality and Identification of Plant’s Capabilities in Removing Air Pollutants in Urban Residential Buildings
Authors: Peng Zhen , Deng Wu , Hong Yuanda 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Indoor air pollution has been a severe problem in China since the 1970s. Currently, the primary indoor air pollutants are PM2.5 and PM10 in China. This study has investigated the PM performance inside a case study apartment, and the correlations between the indoor PM concentrations and the ambient PM concentrations have been identified and analysed. The results indicated that the indoor PM concentrations could not meet the requirements of the China Indoor Air Quality Standard (GBT18883-2012). The inside particulate matters were mainly originating from the ambient environment. Moreover, plants could reduce the indoor PM concentrations in a stable indoor environment during the unoccupied period, and the cleaning efficiency can be increased by install as many plants as possible into the space.
Low-rise Office Retrofit: Prerequisite for Sustainable and Green Buildings in Shanghai
Authors: Hong Y , Deng W , Ezeh Collins I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Commercial buildings comprise of 25% office blocks, largest proportion in commercial sector with highest energy consumption in Shanghai. Nevertheless, the demand for office space is still rising, driven by state-owned enterprises. Unfortunately, these existing buildings are energy inefficient as they barely adapt to present varying climate conditions of the province. Owing to aggravated climate change and rising urbanization rate of Shanghai, attention should be directed towards upgrade of office buildings to meet set sustainable building standards. 3-dimensional spatial characterization using vector topographic mapping posits low-rise buildings account for more than 50% of total buildings in Shanghai. Hence, retrofitting existing low-rise office buildings will significantly contribute to building sustainability. Subsequently, a retrofit package guideline suitable for sporadic energy use mode in rapidly expanding cities like Shanghai should be established. This nascent study postulates an updated correlation between climate change and building energy consumption in Shanghai. Based on the postulation, it is recommended that the best energy conserving building retrofit package is that which can mitigate the impact of both societal factors (like urbanization rate) and climate change to building energy consumption. In general, this study defines a foundation framework for building researchers and decision-makers to effectively evaluate retrofit measures for existing buildings become sustainability in Shanghai.
Recreational Capacity for Forest Tourism. The Case of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Minnikhanov R. , Gafiyatov R. , Musin Kh. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The research deals with the assessment of the recreational potential of forests in green areas of cities and towns of the Republic of Tatarstan for forest tourism, as well as development of a system of forest cutting, ensuring the constancy of recreational forest use under conditions of increased recreational impact. The authors determining the recreational potential of plantations and assessed it, and summarized the results of selective logging in pine forests under conditions of increased recreational impact. The recreational potential of forests has been characterized, its assessment has been made, a cutting system has been developed to ensure consistency of recreational forest use in conditions of intensive recreation, a concept has been developed to optimize recreational forest use in green areas of cities of the Republic of Tatarstan. The results of the research may be used for working out the logging system, ensuring the constancy of recreational forest use in conditions of increased recreational loads.
An Improved Low Frequency Oscillation Disturbance Source Localization Method in Control Devices of Generator
Authors: Guo Siyuan , Zhang Shoushou , Zhao Yongsheng , Li Gang , Song Junying 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, an improved oscillation disturbance source localization method in control devices of generator is investigated. Using the dominant component of the electrical signals by the fast Fourier transform (FFT), the oscillation energy for governor system and excitation system is obtained separately. Then, based on the direction of the non-periodic component of the oscillation energy for the two systems, the control device level locating of the oscillation disturbance source is realized. Taking the forced power oscillation accident caused by too strong primary frequency modulation as an example, the oscillation energy based on FFT for the two systems show that the proposed method can locate the disturbance source accurately.
Viewing Pictures Triggers Rapid Morphological Enlargement in the Human Visual Cortex
Authors: Månsson Kristoffer N T , Cortes Diana S , Manzouri Amir , Li Tie-Qiang , Hau Stephan , Fischer Håkan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Measuring brain morphology with non-invasive structural magnetic resonance imaging is common practice, and can be used to investigate neuroplasticity. Brain morphology changes have been reported over the course of weeks, days, and hours in both animals and humans. If such short-term changes occur even faster, rapid morphological changes while being scanned could have important implications. In a randomized within-subject study on 47 healthy individuals, two high-resolution T1-weighted anatomical images were acquired (á 263 s) per individual. The images were acquired during passive viewing of pictures or a fixation cross. Two common pipelines for analyzing brain images were used: voxel-based morphometry on gray matter (GM) volume and surface-based cortical thickness. We found that the measures of both GM volume and cortical thickness showed increases in the visual cortex while viewing pictures relative to a fixation cross. The increase was distributed across the two hemispheres and significant at a corrected level. Thus, brain morphology enlargements were detected in less than 263 s. Neuroplasticity is a far more dynamic process than previously shown, suggesting that individuals’ current mental state affects indices of brain morphology. This needs to be taken into account in future morphology studies and in everyday clinical practice.
Modeling Impacts of Bark Beetle Infestations on Forest Visitor Experiences and Intended Displacement
Authors: Schneider Ingrid E , Arnberger Arne , Cottrell Stuart P , von Ruschkowski Eick 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBark beetle outbreak impacts are occurring at reportedly unprecedented levels. Despite previous research on the aesthetic and economic impacts of terrestrial pest infestations, minimal visitor behavioral response research exists. As beetle infestation progresses, both tree appearance and landscape change can negatively impact visitation and visitor revenue. Given the multiple-use mandate of most forests, this lack of research is surprising. To meet this gap, this study simulated impacts of varied beetle outbreak levels, management approaches, and visitor characteristics on interference with forest visitors’ experience and intended displacement. Visitors at two forested US state park study sites, one with significant bark beetle impact and the other with much less, responded to onsite questionnaires with digitally calibrated photos depicting a variety of beetle-impacted forest scenarios. Up to 80 percent of visitors indicated forest scenarios with significant bark beetle impact would interfere with their experience, and 70 percent reported they would not visit or be displaced. Analyses revealed forest fore- and midground conditions with varying levels of impact significantly predicted both experience interference and displacement. The relative importance of social, biophysical, and managerial conditions differed between models. Results inform management and planning efforts as well as advance understanding of the biophysical and social factors influencing interference and intended displacement.
Double-strand breaks in ribosomal RNA genes activate a distinct signaling and chromatin response to facilitate nucleolar restructuring and repair
Authors: Korsholm Lea M , Gál Zita , Lin Lin , Quevedo Oliver , Ahmad Diana A , Dulina Ekaterina , Luo Yonglun , Bartek Jiri , Larsen Dorthe H 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The nucleolus is a nuclear sub-domain containing the most highly transcribed genes in the genome. Hundreds of human ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, located in the nucleolus, rely on constant maintenance. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in rRNA genes activate the ATM kinase, repress rRNA transcription and induce nucleolar cap formation. Yet how ribosomal-DNA (rDNA) lesions are detected and processed remains elusive. Here, we use CRISPR/Cas9-mediated induction of DSBs and report a chromatin response unique to rDNA depending on ATM-phosphorylation of the nucleolar protein TCOF1 and recruitment of the MRE11–RAD50–NBS1 (MRN) complex via the NBS1-subunit. NBS1- and MRE11-depleted cells fail to suppress rRNA transcription and to translocate rDNA into nucleolar caps. Furthermore, the DNA damage response (DDR) kinase ATR operates downstream of the ATM-TCOF1-MRN interplay and is required to fully suppress rRNA transcription and complete DSB-induced nucleolar restructuring. Unexpectedly, we find that DSBs in rDNA neither activate checkpoint kinases CHK1/CHK2 nor halt cell-cycle progression, yet the nucleolar-DDR protects against genomic aberrations and cell death. Our data highlight the concept of a specialized nucleolar DNA damage response (n-DDR) with a distinct protein composition, spatial organization and checkpoint communication. The n-DDR maintains integrity of ribosomal RNA genes, with implications for cell physiology and disease.
The SOXE transcription factors—SOX8, SOX9 and SOX10—share a bi-partite transactivation mechanism
Authors: Haseeb Abdul , Lefebvre Véronique 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
SOX8, SOX9 and SOX10 compose the SOXE transcription factor group. They govern cell fate and differentiation in many lineages, and mutations impairing their activity cause severe diseases, including campomelic dysplasia (SOX9), sex determination disorders (SOX8 and SOX9) and Waardenburg-Shah syndrome (SOX10). However, incomplete knowledge of their modes of action limits disease understanding. We here uncover that the proteins share a bipartite transactivation mechanism, whereby a transactivation domain in the middle of the proteins (TAM) synergizes with a C-terminal one (TAC). TAM comprises amphipathic α-helices predicted to form a protein-binding pocket and overlapping with minimal transactivation motifs (9-aa-TAD) described in many transcription factors. One 9-aa-TAD sequence includes an evolutionarily conserved and functionally required EΦ[D/E]QYΦ motif. SOXF proteins (SOX7, SOX17 and SOX18) contain an identical motif, suggesting evolution from a common ancestor already harboring this motif, whereas TAC and other transactivating SOX proteins feature only remotely related motifs. Missense variants in this SOXE/SOXF-specific motif are rare in control individuals, but have been detected in cancers, supporting its importance in development and physiology. By deepening understanding of mechanisms underlying the central transactivation function of SOXE proteins, these findings should help further decipher molecular networks essential for development and health and dysregulated in diseases.
Dolutegravir Cerebrospinal Fluid Diffusion in HIV-1–Infected Patients with Central Nervous System Impairment
Authors: Gelé Thibaut , Furlan Valérie , Taburet Anne-Marie , Pallier Coralie , Becker Pierre-Hadrien , Goujard Cécile , Gasnault Jacques , Barrail-Tran Aurélie , Chéret Antoine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to determine dolutegravir cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diffusion in 13 patients with HIV-related cerebral impairment enrolled in a real-life observational study. Dolutegravir median (range) CSF concentration [9.6 (3.6–22.8) ng/mL] reached CSF therapeutic concentrations whatever the blood-brain barrier status and diffused in correlation with the albumin quotient (P = .0186).
Full Percutaneous Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using the Facet-sparing, Trans-Kambin Approach
Authors: Morgenstern Christian , Yue James J. , Morgenstern Rudolf 
Published: June 2019

Study Design:
This was a prospective, multicenter, consecutive case series’ study.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate a novel facet-sparing, percutaneous transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (pTLIF) technique consisting of percutaneous insertion of an expandable interbody cage through an endoscopic cannula with the trans-Kambin approach and complemented with percutaneous transpedicular screws and rods.

Summary of Background Data:
Lumbar interbody fusion by open or minimally invasive surgery is the usual treatment for degenerative disk disease but requires a relatively long recovery period. The transforaminal trans-Kambin approach is a standard in endoscopic spine surgery for safe intradiscal access without facet resection.

Methods:
Preoperative and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index scores were quantitatively assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery and then every 12 months for patients treated with pTLIF between 2009 and 2018 in 2 health care centers. An immediate postoperative control computed tomography scan was performed, whereas conventional postoperative x-ray controls were performed at 1 month and 1 year. Statistical evaluation was performed with the Student t test.

Results:
A total of 51 patients (mean age, 59.3 y) were evaluated. The overall mean VAS score for axial lumbar pain improved from 6.6 to 1.8 (P<0.01), mean VAS score for leg pain from 5.5 to 1.2 (P<0.01), and mean Oswestry Disability Index scores from 30.3 to 11.8 (P<0.01) postoperatively with a mean follow-up of 27.9 months (range, 1–77.8 mo). Median estimated blood loss was 103.6 mL. Postoperative complications included 12 (22%) cases with transitory ipsilateral dysesthesia, 2 (4%) cases with transitory ipsilateral muscle weakness, and 3 (6%) clinically asymptomatic cases with radiologic cage subsidence. Median hospital stay was 1.4 days (range, 1–3.2 d).

Conclusions:
Postoperative scores for pTLIF significantly improved with minimal blood loss and no long-term complications. On the basis of this experience, the facet-sparing pTLIF is a reliable and safe technique with early hospital discharge, opening the way to outpatient instrumented spine surgery.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Biphasic Release of the Alarmin High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Early After Trauma Predicts Poor Clinical Outcome
Authors: Ottestad William , Rognes Ingrid N. , Pischke Soeren E. , Mollnes Tom E. , Andersson Ulf , Eken Torsten 
Published: June 2019

Objectives:
The causal role of the prototype alarmin high mobility group box 1 protein in systemic inflammation and remote organ injury after trauma and shock is established in animal models but not in humans. Our aim was therefore to determine high mobility group box 1 protein concentration kinetics with high time resolution during the first hours after trauma in individual patients and investigate the association with outcome.

Design:
Prospective single-center observational study.

Setting:
University hospital Level I trauma center.

Patients:
Convenience recruitment of 136 trauma patients.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Total plasma high mobility group box 1 protein levels were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in repeated samples. Relationships between predefined predictor variables and outcome were examined in multivariable linear regression models. Ventilator-free days was used as primary outcome measure. Two distinct high mobility group box 1 protein release phases were identified. An initial exponential decay phase with half-life 26 minutes was not correlated with outcome. In contrast, a second high mobility group box 1 protein wave peaking 3–6 hours after trauma in the most severely injured and physiologically deranged patients was consistently the most important predictor of outcome in our multivariable models, rendering all other predictor variables insignificant except for smaller contributions from age and sex, and of admission base excess for maximal creatinine concentration.

Conclusions:
High mobility group box 1 protein was released in two consecutive phases. Only the second high mobility group box 1 protein wave was a significant predictor of outcome. Patients with a high high mobility group box 1 protein concentration between 3 and 6 hours after trauma might hypothetically benefit from high mobility group box 1 protein-specific antagonist therapy.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Septic Shock
Authors: Falk Lars , Hultman Jan , Broman Lars Mikael 
Published: June 2019

Objectives:
Septic shock carries a high mortality risk. Studies have indicated that patients with septic shock may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. In most studies, patients exhibited shock due to myocardial dysfunction rather than distributive/vasoplegic shock. One proposed theory is that venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation alleviates a failing myocardial function.

Design:
Retrospective observational study.

Setting:
Single-center, high-volume extracorporeal membrane oxygenation unit.

Patients:
All patients treated for septic shock between 2012 and 2017 with an age greater than 18 years old, fulfilling septic shock criteria according to “Sepsis-3” at acceptance for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, presence of cardiocirculatory failure requiring a support equivalent to a Vasoactive Inotropic Score greater than 50 to reach a mean arterial pressure greater than 65 mm Hg despite adequate fluid resuscitation, were included.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Thirty-seven patients, mean age 54.7 years old, were included. Median Simplified Acute Physiology Score-3 score was 86 and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment 16. Twenty-seven patients were submitted to venoarterial and 10 patients to venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Hospital survival was 90% for septic shock with left ventricular failure and 64.7% in patients with distributive shock. At long-term follow-up at 46.1 months, total survival was 59.5%. Commencement of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and more organ failures at admission showed a less favorable outcome in terms of hospital and long-term survival.

Conclusions:
The current results add not only to the growing evidence of the benefit of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for septic cardiomyopathy but also indicate improved hospital survival in distributive septic shock.
Impact of Critical Care Point-of-Care Ultrasound Short-Courses on Trainee Competence
Authors: Rajamani Arvind , Miu Michelle , Huang Stephen , Elbourne-Binns Henry , Pracher Florian , Gunawan Sutrisno , Lakshmanan Ramanathan , Flynn Gordon , Sasidaran Kandasamy , Subasinghe Shyama , Parmar Jinal , Hyunh Trieu 
Published: June 2019

Objectives:
Competence in point-of-care ultrasound is recommended/mandated by several critical care specialties. Although doctors commonly attend point-of-care ultrasound short-courses for introductory training, there is little follow-up data on whether they eventually attain competence. This study was done to determine the impact of point-of-care ultrasound short-courses on point-of-care ultrasound competence.

Design:
Web-based survey.

Setting:
Follow-up after point-of-care ultrasound short-courses in the Asia-Pacific region.

Subjects:
Doctors who attended a point-of-care ultrasound short-course between December 2015 and February 2018.

Interventions:
Each subject was emailed a questionnaire on or after 6 months following their short-course. They were asked if they had performed at least 30 structured point-of-care ultrasound scans and/or reached point-of-care ultrasound competence and their perceived reasons/challenges/barriers. They were also asked if they used point-of-care ultrasound as a clinical diagnostic aid.

Measurements and Main Results:
The response rate was 74.9% (182/243). Among the 182 respondents, only 12 (6.6%) had attained competence in their chosen point-of-care ultrasound modality, attributing their success to self-motivation and time management. For the remaining doctors who did not attain competence (170/182, 93.4%), the common reasons were lack of time, change of priorities, and less commonly, difficulties in accessing an ultrasound machine/supervisor. Common suggestions to improve short-courses included requests for scanning practice on acutely ill ICU patients and prior information on the challenges regarding point-of-care ultrasound competence. Suggestions to improve competence pathways included regular supervision and protected learning time. All 12 credentialled doctors regularly used point-of-care ultrasound as a clinical diagnostic aid. Of the 170 noncredentialled doctors, 123 (72.4%) reported performing unsupervised point-of-care ultrasound for clinical management, either sporadically (42/170, 24.7%) or regularly (81/170, 47.7%).

Conclusions:
In this survey of doctors attending point-of-care ultrasound short-courses in Australasia, the majority of doctors did not attain competence. However, the practice of unsupervised point-of-care ultrasound use by noncredentialled doctors was common. Further research into effective strategies to improve point-of-care ultrasound competence is required.