bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health problems among clinical psychologists: Stigma and its impact on disclosure and help‐seeking
Authors: Tay Stacie , Alcock Kat , Scior Katrina 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjective(s)To assess the prevalence of personal experiences of mental health problems among clinical psychologists, external, perceived, and self‐stigma among them, and stigma‐related concerns relating to disclosure and help‐seeking.MethodResponses were collected from 678 UK‐based clinical psychologists through an anonymous web survey consisting of the Social Distance Scale, Stig‐9, Military Stigma Scale, Secrecy Scale, Attitudes towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale‐Short Form, alongside personal experience and socio‐demographic questions.ResultsTwo‐thirds of participants had experienced mental health problems themselves. Perceived mental health stigma was higher than external and self‐stigma. Participants were more likely to have disclosed in their social than work circles. Concerns about negative consequences for self and career, and shame prevented some from disclosing and help‐seeking.ConclusionsPersonal experiences of mental health problems among clinical psychologists may be fairly common. Stigma, concerns about negative consequences of disclosure and shame as barriers to disclosure and help‐seeking merit further consideration.
Client and therapist match on gender, age, and income: Does match within the therapeutic dyad predict early growth in the therapeutic alliance?
Authors: Behn Alex , Davanzo Antonella , Errázuriz Paula 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveBecause of the importance of the therapeutic alliance across psychotherapeutic treatments, it is important to study variables that predict the development of a positive therapeutic alliance. This study investigates if different levels of gender, age, and income match between therapists and clients predict early development of the therapeutic alliance.MethodThe sample consisted of 28 therapists and 547 adult clients receiving individual psychotherapy for depressive symptoms. There were no exclusion criteria and no control over treatment delivery. Session‐to‐session assessments of the therapeutic alliance were collected and a growth mixture modeling framework with a priori identified classes corresponding to different levels of therapist–client match was utilized to examine differential alliance growth trajectories.ResultsNo differential effect of match on any level was found on initial ratings of the alliance. Across levels of attribute match, clients tend to rate the alliance positively. Regarding growth, a “youth effect” and an “affluence effect” was noted. Dyads where the therapist is younger than the client, and dyads where the therapist is from a higher income status than the client, show additional growth in the alliance beyond positive initial ratings. This is effect is not constant across sessions.ConclusionsMatching on gender, income, and age can be used for case assignment heuristic, in particular to produce additional growth in the alliance beyond initial positive ratings. Clinical and scientific consequences of the study are discussed.
Depleted iron stores are associated with inspiratory muscle weakness independently of skeletal muscle mass in men with systolic chronic heart failure
Authors: Tkaczyszyn Michał , Drozd Marcin , Węgrzynowska‐Teodorczyk Kinga , Flinta Irena , Kobak Kamil , Banasiak Waldemar , Ponikowski Piotr , Jankowska Ewa A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal and respiratory muscle dysfunction constitutes an important pathophysiological feature of heart failure (HF). We assessed the relationships between respiratory muscle function, skeletal muscle mass, and physical fitness in men with HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF), and investigated the hypothesis of whether iron deficiency (ID) contributes to respiratory muscle dysfunction in these patients.MethodsWe examined 53 male outpatients with stable HFrEF without asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (age: 64 ± 10 years; New York Heart Association [NYHA] class I/II/III: 36/51/13%; ischaemic aetiology: 83%; all with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%) and 10 middle‐aged healthy men (control group). We analysed respiratory muscle function (maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure at the mouth [MIP and MEP, respectively]), appendicular lean mass/body mass index (ALM/BMI; ALM was measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry), physical fitness (components of Functional Fitness Test for Older Adults), and iron status.ResultsMIP, MEP, and ALM/BMI (but not MIP adjusted for ALM/BMI) were lower in men with HFrEF vs. healthy men. MIP, MEP, and MIP adjusted for ALM/BMI (but not ALM/BMI) were lower in men with HFrEF with vs. without ID. In a multivariable linear regression model lower serum ferritin (but not transferrin saturation) was associated with lower MIP independently of ALM/BMI, left ventricular ejection fraction, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), and haemoglobin concentration. In multivariable linear regression models, lower MIP was associated with worse results in Functional Fitness Test when adjusted for ALM/BMI or relevant clinical variables (NYHA class, estimated glomerular filtration rate, NT‐proBNP, and haemoglobin concentration).ConclusionsIn men with HFrEF, low ferritin reflecting depleted iron stores is associated with inspiratory muscle weakness independently of skeletal muscle mass. Inspiratory muscle dysfunction correlates with worse physical fitness independently of either skeletal muscle mass or disease severity.
Media photo‐degradation in pharmaceutical biotechnology – impact of ambient light on media quality, cell physiology, and IgG production in CHO cultures
Authors: Neutsch Lukas , Kroll Paul , Brunner Matthias , Pansy Alexander , Kovar Michael , Herwig Christoph , Klein Tobias 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDMany vital components in bioprocess media are prone to photo‐conversion or photo‐degradation upon exposure to ambient light, with severe negative consequences for biomass yield and overall productivity. However, there is only limited awareness of light irradiation as a potential risk factor when working in transparent glass bioreactors, storage vessels or disposable bag systems. The chemical complexity of most media renders a root‐cause analysis difficult. This study investigated in a novel, holistic approach how light‐induced changes in media composition relate to alterations in radical burden, cell physiology, morphology, and product formation in industrial Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) bioprocesses.RESULTSTwo media formulations from proprietary and commercial sources were tested in a pre‐hoc light exposure scenario prior to cultivation. Using fluorescence excitation/emission (EEM) matrix spectroscopy, a photo‐sensitization of riboflavin was identified as a likely cause for drastically decreased IgG titers (up to −80%) and specific growth rates (−50% to −90%). Up to three‐fold higher radical levels were observed in photo‐degraded medium. On the biological side, this resulted in significant changes in cell morphology and aberrations in the normal IgG biosynthesis/secretion pathway.CONCLUSIONThese findings clearly illustrate the underrated impact of room light after only short periods of exposure, occurring accidentally or knowingly during bioprocess development and scale‐ up. The detrimental effects, which may share a common mechanistic cause at the molecular level, correlate well with changes in spectroscopic properties. This offers new perspectives for online monitoring concepts, and improved detectability of such effects in future. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by JohnWiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
An overview of heavy metal removal from wastewater using magnetotactic bacteria
Authors: Ali Imran , Peng Changsheng , Khan Zahid M , Naz Iffat , Sultan Muhammad 
Published: March 2018

AbstractConsidering the increase in water contamination by heavy metal discharge, water quality experts are focusing on innovative future technologies for wastewater treatment. There are a number of physical, chemical and biological processes for acquiring high‐quality effluents; however, these treatment technologies have shown some limitations regarding their specific pollutant removal efficiencies, vulnerability to environmental pollutants, higher cost and energy requirements, excessive sludge volume and toxicity issues. Therefore, this review/concept paper focuses on the application of magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) in the removal of heavy metal from wastewater and also proposes a model application of MTB‐based treatment process. The unique property of the MTB is to move along the periphery of the applied external magnetic fields due to nano sized magnetosomes (MS). MS are basically the biomineral crystals of either magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) with a size range of 30–120 nm. Moreover, challenging aspects concerning MTB employment in the removal of heavy metal from wastewater also are discussed in detail for the consideration of experts who are involved in the development of new treatment technologies or for retrofications of existing processes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Risk factors of fecal colonization with extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae in special nursing homes in Japan
Authors: Yokoyama Kumi , Uehara Yuki , Sasaki Takashi , Hiramatsu Keiichi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveJapanese welfare facilities for the elderly are called as special nursing home (SNH), providing conventional‐type with group care or unit‐type with individual care. We investigated the risk factors of fecal colonization with extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL‐E) of elderly who required care at SNH in Japan.MethodsThe feces discharged on diaper were obtained from the total of 100 residents with fecal incontinence in 9 SNHs located in Tokyo, Japan. The samples were cultured on ESBL selection agar, and ESBL‐E were determined by the antimicrobial susceptibility test and genetic analysis. The status of the residents and the characteristics of facilities, especially about the incontinence care, were obtained by questionnaire methods. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the factors related to carriage of ESBL‐E.ResultsExtended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae was isolated from 53 of 100 SNH residents. Risk factors of colonization among the individual residents were not found. The prevalence of ESBL‐E carriage was significantly higher in the 6 conventional‐type facilities than in the 3 unit‐type facilities (P = .015). The cart for diaper exchange was used in 5 of 6 conventional‐type facilities in 9 SNHs, and their residents tended to show high of ESBL‐E colonization rate. The residents living in unit‐type facilities which do not use gloves for changing diaper tended to show high ESBL‐E colonization rate than other 2 facilities using gloves.ConclusionsIt is suggested that using the cart for changing diaper has relation to carry ESBL‐E. In the facilities using cart, revision of their methods of excretion care will be needed.
Estimating the Impact of Salinity Stress on Livelihood Choices and Incomes in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Anik Asif Reza , Ranjan Ram , Ranganathan Thiagu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper explores the impact of salinity on livelihood choices of rural households in south‐western Bangladesh. We find interdependence among households' decisions involving various livelihood choices. High salinity reduces a household's probability of entrepreneurship while those households that stick only to agriculture suffer significant crop losses because of salinity. Households also face a trade‐off between subsistence and entrepreneurial activities, that is, participation in one type of activity reduces the probability of participation in the other. Households with more agricultural land, in fact, benefit from high salinity levels by taking up fisheries related activities, whereas marginal households resort to increasing labour supply. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The morphology of the reproductive system in the crab Percnon gibbesi (Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsoidea) reveals a new combination of characters in Thoracotremata
Authors: Kienbaum Katja , Scholtz Gerhard , Becker Carola 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent studies revealed a high diversity of reproductive structures in heterotreme brachyurans, while those of Thoracotremata seem rather uniform. Yet, there still is a huge lack of data in this group as only few species have been studied with respect to their reproductive system. The phylogenetic position of Percnidae is ambiguous. Recent molecular studies place it within polyphyletic grapsoids. We herein study the reproductive morphology of Percnon gibbesi using histology, scanning electron microscopy, micro‐computed tomography and 3D‐reconstructions to test whether this species shows the characteristic thoracotreme pattern. Our results reveal that the male copulatory system conforms to other thoracotremes. It is composed of two pairs of pleopods (gonopods) and likewise paired penes. The first gonopod is relatively long. It possesses a bent terminal process with a distal opening of the ejaculatory canal, a character also present in other grapsoids. The second gonopod is short and terminates in an apical girdle. The female reproductive system reveals a combination of characters, so far unknown for thoracotremes. The paired oviducts do not lead into the seminal receptacles, but run into separate cuticular ducts joined with the vaginae. Accessory sperm storage organs, the bursae, are also connected to the vaginae. Bursae have previously only been described in heterotreme crabs. The data presented in this study reveals a higher diversity of thoracotreme reproductive systems than anticipated.
Dynamics of formation and morphological features of neutrophil extracellular traps formed under the influence of opsonized Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Pleskova Svetlana N. , Gorshkova Ekaterina N. , Kriukov Ruslan N. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn the process of performing their protective functions, neutrophils can form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), consisting of DNA in combination with enzymes and histones. The aim of the study was to determine the dynamics of the formation of NETs under the influence of opsonized Staphylococcus aureus and to determine the morphological features of their development in real time by atomic force microscopy. It was found that the maximum formation of NETs was observed after 3 hours of co‐incubation of neutrophils and opsonized S. aureus. For the first time, the atomic force microscopy method revealed that, at first, large blocks of parallel DNA helices are formed, which then spread in waves, and only then their bifurcation and separation can be observed. Some of the strands formed are covered by a shell, which subsequently completely disappears. Enzymes and histones become clearly visible only after 140 to 150 minutes of observation. The DNA helixes move toward the opsonized S. aureus. After NET formation, the cell remains on the substrate only in the form of traces of focal adhesion. This, and the fact that the maximum amount of NETs is formed after 3 hours of co‐incubation with opsonized S. aureus, suggests that the formation of NETs follows the classical mechanism. The study of the dynamics of formation and the microstructure of NETs makes it possible to estimate the time frame for the implementation of this protective mechanism of the human body when performing the compensatory inflammatory reaction.
MRI for solitary pulmonary nodule and mass assessment: Current state of the art
Authors: Ohno Yoshiharu , Kauczor Hans‐Ulrich , Hatabu Hiroto , Seo Joon Beom , van Beek Edwin J.R. ,   for the International Workshop for Pulmonary Functional Imaging (IWPFI)
Published: March 2018

Since the clinical introduction of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the chest has been one of its most challenging applications, and many physicists and radiologists have tried since the 1980s to use MR for assessment of different lung diseases as well as mediastinal and pleural diseases. Since then, however, technical advances in sequencing, scanners, and coils, adaptation of parallel imaging techniques, utilization of contrast media, and development of postprocessing tools have been reported by many basic and clinical researchers. As a result, state‐of‐the‐art thoracic MRI is now substituted for traditional imaging techniques and/or plays a complementary role in the management of patients with various chest diseases, and especially in the detection of pulmonary nodules and in thoracic oncology. In addition, MRI has continued to be developed to help overcome the limitations of computed tomography (CT) and nuclear medicine examinations. It can currently provide not only morphological, but also functional, physiological, pathophysiological, and molecular information at 1.5T with a gradual shift from 1.5T to 3T MR systems. In this review, we focus on these recent advances in MRI for pulmonary nodule detection and pulmonary nodule and mass evaluation by using noncontrast‐enhanced and contrast‐enhanced techniques as well as new molecular imaging methods such as chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging for a comparison with other modalities such as single or multidetector row CT, 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET), and/or PET/CT.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1437–1458.
Value of diffusion kurtosis imaging in assessing low‐grade gliomas
Authors: Goryawala Mohammed Z. , Heros Deborah O. , Komotar Ricardo J. , Sheriff Sulaiman , Saraf‐Lavi Efrat , Maudsley Andrew A. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundDiffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) measures have been shown to provide increased sensitivity relative to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in detecting pathologies.PurposeTo compare the sensitivity of DKI‐derived kurtosis and diffusion maps for assessment of low‐grade gliomas (LGG).Study TypeProspective study.PopulationIn all, 19 LGG patients and 26 healthy control subjects were recruited.Field Strength/SequenceEcho‐planar‐imaging diffusion‐weighted MR images (b‐values = 0, 1000, and 2000 with 30 diffusion gradient directions) were acquired on a 3T scanner.AssessmentMaps for mean, axial, and radial diffusivity (MD, AD, and RD) and kurtosis (MK, AK, and RK), and fractional anisotropy (FA) were evaluated in the tumor, perilesional white matter, and contralateral normal‐appearing white matter regions.Statistical TestingGeneral linear models (GLM), Cohen's d for effect size estimates, false discovery rate (FDR) for multiple corrections, Cochran Q‐test.ResultsPairwise differences were observed for all diffusion and kurtosis measures between the studied regions (FDR P < 0.001), except an FA map that failed to show significant differences between the lesion and perilesional white matter (FDR P = 0.373). Effect size analysis showed that kurtosis metrics were found to be 18.8% (RK, P = 0.144) to 29.1% (AK, P < 0.05) more sensitive in discriminating perilesional regions from the lesion than corresponding diffusion metrics, whereas AK provided a 25.0% (P < 0.05) increase in sensitivity in discriminating perilesional and contralateral white matter. RK was found to be the most sensitive to contralateral white matter differences between low‐grade gliomas and controls, with MK and RK providing a significantly greater sensitivity of 587.2% (P < 0.001) and 320.7% (P < 0.001) than MD and RD, respectively.Data ConclusionKurtosis maps showed increased sensitivity, as compared to counterpart diffusion maps, for evaluation of microstructural changes in gliomas with a 3–6‐fold increment in assessing changes in contralateral white matter.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:1551–1558
Appropriate utilization of cardiac magnetic resonance for the assessment of heart failure and potential associated cost savings
Authors: Kaushal Nishchay , Wijeysundera Harindra C. , Connelly Kim A. , Roifman Idan 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundThe rapid growth in cardiac imaging utilization has led to the development of appropriate use criteria (AUC) in an effort to control costs. Recently, cardiac MRI has developed into a valuable modality in the evaluation of cardiac disease. However, there are no studies examining the appropriate use of cardiac MRI in clinical practice.PurposeTo determine the appropriate utilization of cardiac MRI in a large quaternary care institution and to compare percentages of appropriate utilization pre‐ and postpublication of the AUC document. We hypothesized that percentages of appropriate cardiac MRI utilization will be similar to those of other comparable cardiac imaging modalities and that there would be a significant change in appropriate use pre‐ and post‐AUC publication.Study TypeRetrospective cohort study.PopulationIn all, 2032 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac MRI for the assessment of heart failure between 2012–2016.Field Strength1.5T.AssessmentData were collected and an appropriateness category was assigned for each cardiac MRI.Statistical TestsRates of major cardiac risk factors were compared between those undergoing cardiac MRIs pre‐ and post‐AUC using the chi‐square and the Mann–Whitney tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Appropriateness classification was compared pre‐ and post‐AUC publication using the chi‐square test.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors before and after publication of the AUC. 95.5% of all cardiac MRIs were appropriate based on the AUC. Further, there was a significant difference when comparing the appropriateness classification before and after publication of the AUC (P = 0.0003), potentially associated with annual cost savings of ∼$14.8 million.Data ConclusionWe report a very high percentage of appropriate use of cardiac MRI and a significant increase in the proportion of tests classified as appropriate after AUC publication.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:e132–e138.
Imaging of non‐accidental injury; what is clinical best practice?
Authors: Nguyen Amy , Hart Robin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNon‐accidental injury (NAI) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Fractures are the second most common findings of NAI, after cutaneous lesions such as bruises and contusions. Imaging in NAI remains a controversial issue with little agreement concerning how, when and what imaging modalities should be used in the investigation of suspected cases. This review addresses the radiological investigations and findings of NAI, and the differential diagnoses of these findings. Adherence to the international guidelines for skeletal survey imaging is recommended. This ensures the content and quality of the radiographic series are of an optimal standard to improve the detection of occult fractures, and ensuring the accurate reporting of images. The involvement of a paediatric radiologist is important, if not essential in the diagnosis of NAI. In the evaluation of suspected cases, the role of the radiologist includes the detection of radiological findings suggestive of NAI, and the differentiation of these findings from normal variants and underlying pathologies. The diagnosis of NAI relies not only on radiological imaging, but also a combination of clinical and social findings. It is mandatory that all physicians work in close collaboration to improve diagnostic accuracy, as failure to diagnose NAI carries significant risk for morbidity.