bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic polymorphisms and forensic efficiency of 19 X-chromosomal STR loci for Xinjiang Mongolian population
Authors: Chen Ling , Guo Yuxin , Xiao Cheng , Wu Weibin , Lan Qiong , Fang Yating , Chen Jiangang , Zhu Bofeng 
Published: July 2018

AimX-chromosomal short tandem repeat (X-STR) loci are playing an increasingly important role in some complex kinship cases in recent years. To investigate the forensic efficiency of X-STRs of Mongolian minority group from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, and further depict the genetic relationship among Xinjiang Mongolians and other populations, 267 blood samples from unrelated healthy Xinjiang Mongolians were amplified by an AGCU X-19 STR kit.ResultsNo deviations for all 19 X-STR loci were observed from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction (p> 0.0026) in female samples. The most frequent allele was allele 10 at locus DXS10164 with the frequency 0.5663. The polymorphism information content values of the 19 X-STR loci were more than 0.5 with the highest polymorphism at the locus DXS10135. The cumulative power of discrimination were 0.99999999999999999999988761005481 in females and 0.999999999999903 in males, respectively; and the cumulative mean exclusion chances were 0.9999999969738068321121 in duos and 0.999999999998952 in trios, respectively. The seven linkage groups were extremely informative, with all the haplotype diversities greater than 0.9487. No linkage disequilibrium was observed for a significance level of 0.00029 (p= 0.05/171) after Bonferroni correction. TheDAdistances, multidimensional scaling plot and phylogenetic tree based on the 11 overlapping X-STR loci all presented that the Xinjiang Mongolian population was genetically different from other Asian populations, including the Mongolian population from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.ConclusionThis study indicated that the 19 X-STR multiplex PCR system was of high utility value for both forensic practices and population genetic research in Xinjiang Mongolian group.
Dynamically Tunable Dry Adhesion via Subsurface Stiffness Modulation
Authors: Tatari Milad , Mohammadi Nasab Amir , Turner Kevin T. , Shan Wanliang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTunable dry adhesion has a range of applications, including transfer printing, climbing robots, and gripping in automated manufacturing processes. Here, a novel concept to achieve dynamically tunable dry adhesion via modulation of the stiffness of subsurface mechanical elements is introduced and demonstrated. A composite post structure, consisting of an elastomer shell and a core with a stiffness that can be tuned via application of electrical voltage, is fabricated. In the nonactivated state, the core is stiff and the effective adhesion strength between the composite post and contact surface is high. Activation of the core via application of electrical voltage reduces the stiffness of the core, resulting in a change in the stress distribution and driving force for delamination at the interface and, thus a reduction in the effective adhesion strength. The adhesion of composite posts with a range of dimensions is characterized and activation of the core is shown to reduce the adhesion by as much as a factor of 6. The experimentally observed reduction in adhesion is primarily due to the change in stiffness of the core. However, the activation of the core also results in heating of the interface and this plays a secondary role in the adhesion change.
III–V Semiconductor Single Nanowire Solar Cells: A Review
Authors: Li Ziyuan , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati , Fu Lan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIII–V semiconductor nanowires have gained intensive attention for solar cell applications due to their unique geometrical, optical, and electrical properties, as well as improved accessibility to a wider range of alloy compositions (and thus tunable bandgaps) and substrates (such as Si), which allows further exploration and implementation of various tandem solar cell designs to broaden and more efficiently harvest the absorption of the solar radiation. Herein, the development of this field with emphasis on single nanowire‐based solar cells is reviewed. First, nanowire synthesis methods are introduced, followed by important aspects of single nanowire fabrication and design consideration for high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in terms of light absorption and charge carrier separation and collection. Then, the reported nanowire solar cell performance based on different III–V semiconductor nanowire materials and structures is presented and analyzed. Finally, the strategies toward high efficiency and low cost solar cells are discussed.
Recent Progress on Circularly Polarized Luminescent Materials for Organic Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Han Jianmei , Guo Song , Lu Hu , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDue to the characteristics of optical rotation, selective emission of polarized light, and circular dichroism, circularly polarized luminescent materials have aroused extensive attentions, and they have exhibited wide optoelectronic applications, such as optical data storage, liquid crystal display, and backlights in 3D displays. Here, the research progress of circularly polarized luminescent materials for organic optoelectronic devices is summarized. First, the definition and measurement of the circularly polarized light, such as optical rotatory dispersion, circular dichroism, and circularly polarized luminescence, are systematically introduced. Subsequently, the design strategies for various kinds of circularly polarized luminescent materials, including luminescent lanthanide and transition‐metal complexes, small organic luminophores, conjugated polymers, supramolecules, and liquid crystals are summarized. These materials exhibit circularly polarized luminescence with different magnitudes of luminescence dissymmetry values (glum). They are further applied in optoelectronic devices with excellent performance, and the influence factors on the glum values of these materials are presented in detail. Finally, the current opportunities and challenges in this rapidly growing research field are discussed systematically. The circularly polarized luminescent materials with large glum and high luminescence efficiency are very promising for applications in organic optoelectronic fields.
Optoelectronic Properties in Near‐Infrared Colloidal Heterostructured Pyramidal “Giant” Core/Shell Quantum Dots
Authors: Tong Xin , Kong Xiang‐Tian , Wang Chao , Zhou Yufeng , Navarro‐Pardo Fabiola , Barba David , Ma Dongling , Sun Shuhui , Govorov Alexander O. , Zhao Haiguang , Wang Zhiming M. , Rosei Federico 
Published: July 2018

AbstractColloidal heterostructured quantum dots (QDs) are promising candidates for next‐generation optoelectronic devices. In particular, “giant” core/shell QDs (g‐QDs) can be engineered to exhibit outstanding optical properties and high chemical/photostability for the fabrication of high‐performance optoelectronic devices. Here, the synthesis of heterostructured CuInSexS2−x (CISeS)/CdSeS/CdS g‐QDs with pyramidal shape by using a facile two‐step method is reported. The CdSeS/CdS shell is demonstrated to have a pure zinc blend phase other than typical wurtzite phase. The as‐obtained heterostructured g‐QDs exhibit near‐infrared photoluminescence (PL) emission (≈830 nm) and very long PL lifetime (in the microsecond range). The pyramidal g‐QDs exhibit a quasi‐type II band structure with spatial separation of electron–hole wave function, suggesting an efficient exciton extraction and transport, which is consistent with theoretical calculations. These heterostructured g‐QDs are used as light harvesters to fabricate a photoelectrochemical cell, exhibiting a saturated photocurrent density as high as ≈5.5 mA cm−2 and good stability under 1 sun illumination (AM 1.5 G, 100 mW cm−2). These results are an important step toward using heterostructured pyramidal g‐QDs for prospective applications in solar technologies.
Near‐Infrared‐Plasmonic Energy Upconversion in a Nonmetallic Heterostructure for Efficient H2 Evolution from Ammonia Borane
Authors: Zhang Zhenyi , Liu Yang , Fang Yurui , Cao Baosheng , Huang Jindou , Liu Kuichao , Dong Bin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPlasmonic metal nanostructures have been widely used to enhance the upconversion efficiency of the near‐infrared (NIR) photons into the visible region via the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect. However, the direct utilization of low‐cost nonmetallic semiconductors to both concentrate and transfer the NIR‐plasmonic energy in the upconversion system remains a significant challenge. Here, a fascinating process of NIR‐plasmonic energy upconversion in Yb3+/Er3+‐doped NaYF4 nanoparticles (NaYF4:Yb‐Er NPs)/W18O49 nanowires (NWs) heterostructures, which can selectively enhance the upconversion luminescence by two orders of magnitude, is demonstrated. Combined with theoretical calculations, it is proposed that the NIR‐excited LSPR of W18O49 NWs is the primary reason for the enhanced upconversion luminescence of NaYF4:Yb‐Er NPs. Meanwhile, this plasmon‐enhanced upconversion luminescence can be partly absorbed by the W18O49 NWs to re‐excite its higher energy LSPR, thus leading to the selective enhancement of upconversion luminescence for the NaYF4:Yb‐Er/W18O49 heterostructures. More importantly, based on this process of plasmonic energy transfer, an NIR‐driven catalyst of NaYF4:Yb‐Er NPs@W18O49 NWs quasi‐core/shell heterostructure, which exhibits a ≈35‐fold increase in the catalytic H2 evolution from ammonia borane (BH3NH3) is designed and synthesized. This work provides insight on the development of nonmetallic plasmon‐sensitized optical materials that can potentially be applied in photocatalysis, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic devices.
Einfluss der Probekörpergeometrie auf die Ergebnisse von Druckfestigkeitsprüfungen an ultrahochfestem Beton
Authors: Riedel Philipp , Leutbecher Torsten , Piotrowski Siemon , Heese Christian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDer Nachweis der Konformität ultrahochfester Betone (UHFB), die künftig in der im Entwurf befindlichen DAfStb‐Richtlinie „Ultrahochfester Beton“ geregelt sein werden, erfordert Formfaktoren, die eine Umrechnung zwischen den an UHFB‐Probekörpern unterschiedlicher Form und Größe erhaltenen Druckfestigkeiten erlauben. Bisher fehlten belastbare Versuchsergebnisse, auf deren Grundlage die Festlegung allgemeingültiger Formfaktoren zielsicher hätte erfolgen können. Daher wurde im Rahmen eines vom Deutschen Ausschuss für Stahlbeton geförderten Forschungsvorhabens der Einfluss der Probekörpergeometrie auf die Ergebnisse von Druckfestigkeitsprüfungen an normal‐, hoch‐ und ultrahochfesten Betonen experimentell untersucht. Die mittleren Zylinderdruckfestigkeiten der einzelnen Serien betrugen zwischen ca. 30 N/mm2 und 200 N/mm2. Mit Größtkorndurchmessern von 0,5 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm und 8 mm deckten die UHFB‐Systeme den Anwendungsbereich der zukünftigen DAfStb‐Richtlinie weitgehend ab. Neben Zylindern mit h/d [mm] = 300/150 und Würfeln mit einer Kantenlänge d = 150 mm, anhand deren charakteristischer Druckfestigkeit die Klassifizierung von UHFB erfolgen soll, wurden auch Zylinder mit h/d [mm] = 200/100 und Würfel mit einer Kantenlänge d = 100 mm untersucht. Die im Entwurf der DAfStb‐Richtlinie „Ultrahochfester Beton“ vorgenommene Klassifizierung von UHFB in die Festigkeitsklassen C130/140, C150/155 und C175/180 spiegelt den in den Versuchen beobachteten geringen Unterschied zwischen Zylinder‐ und Würfeldruckfestigkeit angemessen wider.
First‐line therapy for post‐traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review of cognitive behavioural therapy and psychodynamic approaches
Authors: Paintain Emma , Cassidy Simon 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite evidence supporting cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)‐based interventions as the most effective approach for treating post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in randomised control trials, alternative treatment interventions are often used in clinical practice. Psychodynamic (PDT)‐based interventions are one example of such preferred approaches, this is despite comparatively limited available evidence supporting their effectiveness for treating PTSD.AimsExisting research exploring effective therapeutic interventions for PTSD includes trauma‐focused CBT involving exposure techniques. The present review sought to establish the treatment efficacy of CBT and PDT approaches and considers the potential impact of selecting PDT‐based techniques over CBT‐based techniques for the treatment of PTSD.ResultsThe evidence reviewed provided examples supporting PDT‐based therapy as an effective treatment for PTSD, but confirmed CBT as more effective in the treatment of this particular disorder. Comparable dropout rates were reported for both treatment approaches, suggesting that relative dropout rate should not be a pivotal factor in the selection of a PDT approach over CBT for treatment of PTSD.Conclusion/ImplicationsThe need to routinely observe evidence‐based recommendations for effective treatment of PTSD is highlighted and factors undermining practitioner engagement with CBT‐based interventions for the treatment of PTSD are identified.
Pumilol, a Diterpenoid with a Rare Strobane Skeleton from Pinus pumila (Pinaceae)
Authors: Langat Moses K. , Helfenstein Andreas , Horner Claire , Tammela Päivi , Hokkanen Heikki , Izotov Denis , Mulholland Dulcie A. 
Published: July 2018

Pumilol (1), a strobane diterpenoid, reported herein for the first time, was isolated from the bark of Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel (Siberian Dwarf Pine or Japanese Stone Pine), along with 17 known compounds including serratane triterpenoids, not previously reported from this species, and four ferulate derivatives. The absolute configuration of pumilol was established using HR‐ESI‐MS, NMR, the DP4+ probabilities and by comparison of the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Labda‐8(17),13‐dien‐15‐oic acid (4), bornyl (E)‐4‐hydroxycinnamate (14) and bornyl (E)‐ferulate (15) showed activity against S. aureus and/or E. faecalis with MIC90 values 12.5 – 50 μm.
DNA Primer Extension with Cyclopropenylated 7‐Deaza‐2′‐deoxyadenosine and Efficient Bioorthogonal Labeling in Vitro and in Living Cells
Authors: Ploschik Damian , Rönicke Franziska , Beike Hanna , Strasser Ralf , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) analogue for DNA labeling was synthesized with the 1‐methylcyclopropene (1MCP) group at the 7‐position of 7‐deaza‐2′‐deoxyadenosine and applied for primer extension experiments. The real‐time kinetic data reveals that this 1MCP‐modified dATP analogue is incorporated into DNA much faster than that of the similarly 1MCP‐modified deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) analogue. The postsynthetic fluorescent labeling of these oligonucleotides works efficiently according to PAGE analysis, and can be applied for immobilization of a functional antibody on a surface. Site‐specific labeling at two different positions in DNA was achieved and the bioorthogonality of the postsynthetic fluorescent labeling was demonstrated in living HeLa cells.
Fingernails changes associated with chemotherapy in breast cancer: Muehrcke’s lines
Authors: Chang Xiaosong , Zhen Peng , Zeng Jian 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageNail abnormalities are an indicator of systemic disease but are always neglected during clinic visit. Here, we report a rare case of Muehrcke’s lines accompany with normal range serum albumin after chemotherapy, unlike the hypoalbuminemia in most cases, which suggest malnutrition is not the only cause of Muehrcke’s lines.
Fructose Transformations in Ethanol using Carbon Supported Polyoxometalate Acidic Solids for 5‐Ethoxymethylfurfural Production
Authors: García‐Bosch Nadia , Bachiller‐Baeza Belén , Rodríguez‐Ramos Inmaculada , Guerrero‐Ruiz Antonio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA series of carbon supported polyoxometalates have been prepared and studied as acid catalysts for the fructose dehydration. The catalytic supports, microporous activated carbon (AC, SBET=1190 m2/g) and high surface area graphite (HSAG, SBET=400 m2/g), were loaded with 15 wt% of polyoxometalates: phosphotungstic acid (TPA) or tungstosilicic acid (STA). The four resulting catalysts were tested in the fructose reaction at moderate temperature 140 °C, using water and ethanol solvents. Catalytic properties have been compared with those of an acidic resin, Amberlyst 15. As relevant findings the specific interactions of carbon supports and polyoxometalates let the inhibition of active phase lixiviation. An improved catalyst (STA‐HSAG) in terms of selectivity to valuable products (ethoxymethylfurfural and ethyl levulinate) and high specific catalytic activity using ethanol as solvent has been developed. This catalyst can be reused after regeneration by washing with organic solvents.
Impact of Charge Transport Dynamics and Conditioning on Cycling Efficiency within Single Redox Active Colloids
Authors: Gossage Zachary T. , Hernández‐Burgos Kenneth , Moore Jeffrey S. , Rodríguez‐López Joaquín 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRedox active colloids (RACs) are flowable suspensions for size‐exclusion redox flow batteries that exchange billions of electrons per particle. Single particle measurements via bulk electrolysis and voltammetry provided an accelerated platform for evaluating the role of state of charge and conditioning on RAC performance. We used scanning electrochemical microscopy to image, isolate, and interrogate RACs (830 nm diameter) with a 300 nm probe. Deep electrolysis of the particles evidenced capacity losses, but this conditioning simultaneously led to increased Coulombic efficiency. On the other hand, shallow cycling using voltammetry for over 150 cycles showed improved charge recovery and gradual changes in the particle's diffusional regimes. Raman spectroelectrochemistry on few RACs confirmed that degradation occurred upon deep cycling but that shallow cycling was not as detrimental, albeit with low capacity access. The methodologies presented herein provide a stepwise viewpoint of the progression of RAC function with cycling, linking bulk behavior with that of individual particles.
Nucleobase Modified Adefovir (PMEA) Analogues as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Adenylate Cyclases from Bordetella pertussis and Bacillus anthracis
Authors: Česnek Michal , Skácel Jan , Jansa Petr , Dračínský Martin , Šmídková Markéta , Mertlíková‐Kaiserová Helena , Soto‐Velasquez Monica P. , Watts Val J. , Janeba Zlatko 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA series of 13 acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs) as bisamidate prodrugs was prepared. Five compounds were found to be non‐cytotoxic and selective inhibitors of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) in J774A.1 macrophage cell‐based assays. The 8‐aza‐7‐deazapurine derivative of adefovir (PMEA) was found to be the most potent ACT inhibitor in the series (IC50=16 nm) with substantial selectivity over mammalian adenylate cyclases (mACs). AC inhibitory properties of the most potent analogues were confirmed by direct evaluation of the corresponding phosphonodiphosphates in cell‐free assays and were found to be potent inhibitors of both ACT and edema factor (EF) from Bacillus anthracis (IC50 values ranging from 0.5 to 21 nm). Moreover, 7‐halo‐7‐deazapurine analogues of PMEA were discovered to be potent and selective mammalian AC1 inhibitors (no inhibition of AC2 and AC5) with IC50 values ranging from 4.1 to 5.6 μm in HEK293 cell‐based assays.
Brain‐Penetrant Triazolopyrimidine and Phenylpyrimidine Microtubule Stabilizers as Potential Leads to Treat Human African Trypanosomiasis
Authors: Monti Ludovica , Wang Steven C , Oukoloff Killian , Smith Amos B. , Brunden Kurt R. , Caffrey Conor R. , Ballatore Carlo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn vitro whole‐organism screens of Trypanosoma brucei with representative examples of brain‐penetrant microtubule (MT)‐stabilizing agents identified lethal triazolopyrimidines and phenylpyrimidines with sub‐micromolar potency. In mammalian cells, these antiproliferative compounds disrupt MT integrity and decrease total tubulin levels. Their parasiticidal potency, combined with their generally favorable pharmacokinetic properties, which include oral bioavailability and brain penetration, suggest that these compounds are potential leads against human African trypanosomiasis.
Practical application of browns and grays based on a vector concept—The practical strength the asymmetrical Munsell color space
Authors: Ng Woon Lam 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA comparison was done regarding tertiary students' response between the symmetrical color wheel—The Itten Color Wheel developed by Johanne Itten at Bauhaus School and the asymmetrical Munsell Color Space developed by Professor Albert Munsell. One of the significant differences was the students' response on the representation of browns and grays. Students realized the Itten Color Wheel did not indicate these less chromatic browns and grays in relation to their pure hues while the Munsell Color Space arranged these browns and grays progressively in accurate vector length from one hue to another. The Munsell Color Space was first developed with watercolor paint representing the true practical range of each hue with its transitional tertiary colors, namely the intermediate browns and grays within the color space. The practical range between any two or more hues could be visualized with the help of these intermediate browns and grays. To investigate further the importance of the asymmetrical structure of the Munsell Color Space and the practical advantage through representing browns and grays in the color space, this article will present a vector approach of color planning. This approach further enhances the learning of color theory based on the Munsell Color Space. A few practical examples are also shown in this article to illustrate how this vector approach may help in learning and planning color applications.
Performance of stock price with changes in SRI governance index
Authors: Park Joon Woo , Lee Chang Won 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe investigate the performance of the stock and volume effect associated with changes in the composition of the socially responsible investment (SRI) governance index during a period from 2003 to 2012. It turns out that, in the short term and long term, the announcement of inclusion in the SRI governance index has a positive effect in the stock market; however, exclusion from the SRI governance index has a negative effect. The price reversal phenomenon partly appears in the short term, and stock prices are increased again. The increase of stock prices in the short and long runs indicates a change in intrinsic value. The performance of stock prices in the short and long runs is positive (+); this is caused by the downward‐sloping demand curve (DSDC). The trading volume for event periods is a little more than the current volume in trading volume analysis. Therefore, using these results, we can adopt the price pressure hypothesis, information hypothesis, DSDC hypothesis and liquidity hypothesis.