bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fortbildung zum Leitenden Notarzt (LNA)
Authors: Sefrin Peter , Weidringer Johann Wilhelm 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz von Leitenden Notärzten, der in den Rettungsdienstgesetzen der Länder festgeschrieben ist, hat deutlich zugenommen. Bereits 2007 wurden erste strategische Empfehlungen zur Fortbildung zum LNA seitens der Bundesärztekammer (BÄK) vorgegeben. Durch die föderale Struktur der für die Fortbildung zuständigen Landesärztekammern kam es zu unterschiedlichen Konzepten. Inzwischen haben sich die Anlässe, Häufigkeit und Einsatzvorgaben geändert. Insbesondere die praktische Qualifikation, was sowohl die Sichtung wie auch Planspiele betrifft, bedarf einer Überarbeitung. Einbezogen werden müssen auch lebensbedrohliche Einsatzlagen. Es erscheint erforderlich, dass Bedingungen und Voraussetzungen für die Fortbildung den derzeitigen Notwendigkeiten angepasst werden und somit die Vorgaben der BÄK einer Revision bedürfen. Dazu wird ein konkreter Vorschlag gemacht.
Evaluation des Therapieerfolges bei
Kontaktgranulomen
Authors: Heyduck Adrienne , Pickhard Anja , Hoffmann Thomas Karl , Brosch Sibylle , Reiter Rudolf 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Für Kontaktgranulome (KG) existieren nur heterogene
Therapiemodalitäten, deren Wirksamkeit nicht abschließend bewiesen ist. Ziel
unserer Untersuchung war es, Risikofaktoren für KG zu erfassen sowie den
Therapieerfolg zu evaluieren.
Methode Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Analyse an 79 Patienten mit einem
KG. Es wurden bei Erstkontrolle (EK) 3–4 Monate, bei Zweitkontrolle (ZK) 6–8
Monate und bei Letztkontrolle (LK) durchschnittlich 13 Monate nach
Erstvorstellung ein möglicher gastrolaryngealer Reflux sowie die Symptome
(Räusperneigung, Heiserkeit, hypertone Fehlkompensation) erfasst und eine
Videolaryngostroboskopie durchgeführt. Das erfolgte Therapieverfahren
(Räusperverbot, Stimmtherapie, Antazidatherapie, operative Abtragung oder
Kombinationen) wurde dokumentiert. Bei der EK, ZK und LK wurden die „Komplette
Remissionsgruppe“ und die „Inkomplette Remissionsgruppe“ hinsichtlich der
Symptome, Befunde und der angewandten Therapie statistisch miteinander
verglichen.
Ergebnisse Räuspern war ein wichtiger Cofaktor für die Entstehung eines
KG. Obwohl sich kein überlegenes Therapieverfahren bei unserem Kollektiv ergab,
fand sich eine Gesamtremissionsrate in ca. ⅔ der Fälle. Auch in der „Inkomplette
Remissionsgruppe“ ließen sich die Beschwerden der Patienten deutlich senken.
Chirurgische Abtragungen von KG neigten signifikant häufiger zu Rezidiven.
Diskussion Auch wenn sich kein überlegenes Therapieverfahren in unserem
Kollektiv herauskristallisierte, empfehlen wir bei KG eine symptomatische
Therapie mit gutem Erfolg. Primäre chirurgische Abtragungen sind wegen der
Rezidivneigung nicht empfehlenswert.
Analyse der Notfallpatienten einer Universitäts-HNO-Notfallambulanz
Authors: Kuhr Elisa , Werner Jochen A. , Dietz Andreas , Wiegand Susanne 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Patientenzahlen in Notaufnahmen nehmen in den letzten Jahren kontinuierlich zu. Das Aufsuchen der Notfallambulanz einer Klinik sagt jedoch
nichts über die wahre Dringlichkeit der Behandlung aus. Ziel war es, das Patientenaufkommen der Notfallambulanz einer Universitäts-HNO-Klinik zu
analysieren.
Methoden Alle Patienten, die sich 2014 als Notfall in einer HNO-Universitätsklinik vorstellten, wurden hinsichtlich demographischer Daten, Zeitpunkt der
Vorstellung, Art der Einweisung, Diagnosen und Diagnostik sowie Therapie evaluiert.
Ergebnisse 4234 Patienten wurden als Notfall behandelt. 56 % stellten sich ohne Überweisung auf eigene Initiative vor, 24 % wurden vom Allgemeinmediziner
oder HNO-Facharzt überwiesen, 8 % kamen mit dem Rettungswagen. 66 % der Patienten stellten sich außerhalb der regulären Arbeitszeiten vor, das höchste
Notfallaufkommen bestand samstags, gefolgt von freitags und sonntags. Die zehn häufigsten Diagnosen waren Epistaxis, peripher-vestibulärer Schwindel, Cerumen
obturans, Tinnitus, Otitis externa und media, Tonsillitis, Nasenbeinfraktur, Hörsturz und Sinusitis. 715 Patienten (17 %) wurden stationär aufgenommen. Bei 123
Patienten erfolgte eine Operation in ITN und bei 204 Patienten in LA. Die häufigste Diagnose eigeninitiativ vorgestellter Patienten war Cerumen obturans, bei 8
% der eigeninitiativ vorgestellten Patienten konnte kein pathologischer Befund erhoben werden.
Schlussfolgerung Da am Standort kein Notdienst niedergelassener HNO-Ärzte für die Patienten außerhalb normaler Praxisöffnungszeiten zur Verfügung steht,
wird diese Versorgungslücke durch die Notfallambulanz der HNO-Uniklinik geschlossen. Eine Triagierung der Patienten ist notwendig, um die echten Notfälle von
den leichten Fällen zu unterscheiden.
Macrophages as a Cell-Based Therapy for Liver Disease
Authors: Starkey Lewis Philip J. , Moroni Francesca , Forbes Stuart J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLiver failure arising from acute and chronic liver disease is an unmet clinical need that urgently requires novel therapeutic options in addition to orthotopic liver transplantation. Cell therapies offer new strategies to recover liver function through the reconstitution of healthy parenchyma and resolution of tissue pathology. Macrophages are professional phagocytes that comprise a key part of the innate immune system providing an important defense mechanism against invading pathogens. Macrophages are an inherently diverse cell type with respect to ontogeny, tissue distribution, phenotype, and function. The ability of macrophages to afford innate immunity, efficiently scavenge apoptotic/necrotic cells, and modulate local tissue microenvironment makes them an attractive cell therapy candidate for various diseases. This review aims to outline the rationale and utility of macrophages to serve as a potential cell therapy for liver disease.
A Critical Review of MELD as a Reliable Tool for Transplant Prioritization
Authors: Sacleux Sophie-Caroline , Samuel Didier 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn a context of global organ shortage, the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score seems to be a fair prioritization tool, with a paradigm: “sickest first.” Since its introduction in the United States in 2002, it has been rapidly adopted by transplant centers and organ sharing agencies around the world. The MELD score showed its effectiveness with a 12% reduction in waiting list mortality in the United States. Its success is linked to its simplicity, the use of basic variables (serum creatinine, serum bilirubin, and international normalized ratio [INR]), and its ability to predict short-term mortality, particularly on the transplant waiting list. However, this score is not perfect: its variables may have disadvantages for some patients, especially women, with serum creatinine and interlaboratory variability of the INR. The MELD score does not take into account some variables associated with poor short-term prognosis in cirrhotic patients. In addition, it is currently capped at 40, which results in the exclusion of sicker patients who could greatly benefit from transplantation. Finally, the MELD score does not accurately reflect the prognosis of several conditions, requiring a MELD exception system. Some solutions have been suggested such as MELD-Na or MELD uncapping, but it has not yet been fully accepted by all transplant centers.
Usability Evaluation of Visual Representation Formats for Emergency Department Records
Authors: Brown Nathaniel , Eghdam Aboozar , Koch Sabine 
Published: June 2019

Background Integration of electronic information is a challenge for multitasking emergency providers, with implications for patient safety. Visual representations can assist sense-making of complex data sets; however, benefit and acceptability in emergency care is unproven.
Objectives This article evaluates visually focused alternatives to lists or tabular formats, to better understand possible usability in Emergency Department Information System (EDIS).
Methods A counterbalanced, repeated-measures experiment, satisfaction surveys, and narrative content analysis was conducted remotely by Web platform. Participants were 37 American emergency physicians; they completed 16 clinical cases comparing 4 visual designs to the control formats from a commercially available EDIS. They then evaluated two additional chart overview representations without controls.
Results Visual designs provided benefit in several areas compared to controls. Task correctness (90% to 76%; p = 0.003) and completion time (median: 49–74 seconds; p < 0.001) were superior for a medication history timeline with class and schedule highlighting. Completion time (median: 45–60 seconds; p = 0.03) was superior for a past medical history design, using pertinent diagnosis codes in highlighting rules. Less mental effort was reported for visual allergy (p = 0.04), past medical history (p < 0.001), and medication timeline (p < 0.001) designs. Most of the participants agreed with statements of likeability, preference, and benefit for visual designs; nonetheless, contrary opinions were seen, and more complex designs were viewed less favorably.
Conclusion Physician performance with visual representations of clinical data can in some cases exceed standard formats, even in absence of training. Highlighting of priority clinical categories was rated easier-to-use on average than unhighlighted controls. Perceived complexity of timeline representations can limit desirability for a subset of users, despite potential benefit.
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents and Rapid Sequence Induction for Laparoscopic Pyloromyotomy: Impact on Time to Extubation and Perioperative Complications
Authors: Swenker Dominique , van der Knijff-van Dortmont Anna , Gonzalez Candel Antonia , Keyzer-Dekker Claudia , Staals Lonneke 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Introduction Infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis have gastric outlet obstruction, indicating a pyloromyotomy. To prevent aspiration, a rapid sequence induction (RSI) of anesthesia used to be preferred. However, due to concerns about the side-effects of this technique in infants, a modified RSI with gentle mask ventilation is nowadays mostly used. This research investigates if induction with succinylcholine (classic RSI), cisatracurium (modified RSI), or no neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) influences time until extubation and incidence of complications in infants undergoing laparoscopic pyloromyotomy.
Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review was performed, observing infants undergoing laparoscopic pyloromyotomy in Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, from January 2007 until July 2015. Baseline preoperative data, anesthesia and operation details, time to extubation, and reported complications were gathered. Inclusion criteria were maintenance of anesthesia with sevoflurane and a registered extubation time. Exclusion criteria were the use of combinations of NMBAs, repyloromyotomy, and conversion to laparotomy.
Results A total of 168 patients were included, of which 21 received succinylcholine, 107 cisatracurium, and 40 no NMBA. Mean duration of surgery was 29 minutes in all three groups; mean duration of anesthesia was 89, 82, and 77 minutes; mean time to extubation was 26, 25, and 23 minutes, respectively, without statistically significant difference. Complications were evenly distributed, no aspiration occurred.
Conclusion The use of succinylcholine, cisatracurium, or no NMBA at induction of anesthesia in infants undergoing laparoscopic pyloromyotomy had no statistically significant effect on time until extubation and complication rates. A modified RSI seems to be safe and effective in these cases.
Does seeing gesture lighten or increase the
load?
Authors: Hostetter Autumn B. , Murch Stuart H. , Rothschild Lyla , Gillard Cierra S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We examined the cognitive resources
involved in processing speech with gesture compared to the same speech without
gesture across four studies using a dual-task paradigm. Participants viewed videos of a woman describing
spatial arrays either with gesture or without. They then attempted to choose the
target array from among four choices. Participants’ cognitive load was measured
as they completed this comprehension task by measuring how well they could
remember the location and identity of digits in a secondary task. We found that addressees experience additional visuospatial load when processing gestures compared to speech alone, and that the load primarily comes when addressees attempt to use their memory of the descriptions with gesture to choose the target array. However,
this cost only occurs when gestures about horizontal spatial relations (i.e.,
left and right) are produced from the speaker’s egocentric perspective.
From touching to communicating
Authors: Kettner Viktoria A. , Carpendale Jeremy I. M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInfants can extend their index fingers soon after birth, yet pointing gestures do not emerge until about 10 to 12 months. In the present study, we draw on the process-relational view, according to which pointing develops as infants learn how others respond to their initially non-communicative index finger use. We report on a longitudinal maternal diary study of 15 infants and describe four types of index finger use in the first year. Analysis of the observations suggests one possible developmental pathway: index finger extension becomes linked to infants’ attention around 7 to 9 months of age with the emergence of fingertip exploration and index finger extension towards out-of-reach objects infants wish to explore. Through parental responses infants begin to use index finger touch to refer in some situations, including asking and answering questions and to request, suggesting that some functions of pointing might originate in early index finger use.
Deontic modality in English-Thai legislative
translation
Authors: Satthachai Mali , Kenny Dorothy 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Scholarly interest in legislative translation has grown
substantially over recent decades, with corpus-based approaches contributing to
our understanding of the relationship between translated legislation and source
texts, on the one hand, and translated and non-translated legislative texts in
the target language, on the other. To date, however, most studies have been
conducted on European languages. This study is part of a first attempt to use
corpus techniques to explore legislative translation from English into Thai.
Drawing on a purpose-built, 400,000-word, parallel corpus of international
treaties translated from English into Thai, and a one million-word monolingual
corpus of legislative texts originally written in Thai, we investigate how
instances of deontic modality are translated into Thai. We analyse the modal
strength of translations and conduct our inter-linguistic and intra-linguistic
comparisons in the light of Biel’s
(2014) concepts of equivalence and textual fit.
A corpus-based study of terminological variation in business
incorporation documents from the United States and Peru
Authors: Monteagudo Medina Mary Ann 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This corpus-based terminological study explains terminological
variation in business incorporation documents. In United States (US) business
law, the geographic location, the variety of existing business entities and
their distinguishing features lead to different denominative variations, and
give rise to different degrees of equivalence. Consequently, asymmetries are
generated when such terminology is compared with the terminology used in
Spanish-speaking countries, particularly in Peru. Based on the typology of
causes of denominative variation proposed by Freixa Aymerich (2006, 52), this paper examines the
presence of dialectal and cognitive variations in US business law language as
compared to Peruvian business law language. Consequently, certain variants are
restricted to specific states or types of business organizations within the US
and are not used interchangeably. The results of this study may contribute to
the enrichment of legal translation studies in this subfield and offer
translators a systematic method to tackle equivalence issues in business
documents.
Effect of informational masking on auditory working memory
Authors: Basavanahalli Jagadeesh Anoop , Kumar U Ajith 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
The current study aimed at observing how informational maskers with varying degrees of linguistic information affect working memory (WM) performance. The linguistic information in the maskers was varied by increasing the number of speakers in the babbles as well as by time-reversal of these babbles.

Method:
Backward digit (BD) span was measured on 24 normal-hearing native speakers of Kannada language. BD spans were measured under six background conditions – quiet, 2- and 8-speaker babbles (2SB and 8SB), time-reversed 2- and 8- speaker babbles (2RB and 8RB), and speech spectrum noise. The digits were presented at 75 dB SPL and the SNR was maintained at +5 dB to ensure complete audibility and intelligibility of the target digits. Using an adaptive procedure, BD span was calculated as the average of the last four reversals.

Results:
One-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that the 2SB caused the greatest deterioration in the BD spans. The 8SB and the two RBs resulted in significantly better scores than the 2SB, but were statistically no different from each other. The speech spectrum noise caused negligible deteriorations on the BD spans and was statistically similar to the quiet background condition.

Conclusions:
Results showed that the lexical-semantic information in the masker (2SB) causes the greatest deterioration in the WM scores, followed by acoustic–phonetic information (8SB and RBs). Energetic masking resulted in minimal deterioration on the BD spans. These results are further discussed based interpretations from different theories and models of working memory and speech perception.
Vestibular assessment and management in adults
Authors: Khoza-Shangase Katijah , Sebothoma Ben , Seedat Tasneem 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Vestibular assessment and management is within the scope of practice of audiology, and therefore audiologists are expected and required to assess and manage patients with vestibular disorders. Due to the developing nature of South Africa and the developing nature of audiology as a profession in the country, paucity of evidence-base regarding audiologists’ training and practice confidence in this field exists.

Objective:
To explore South African audiologists’ level of confidence and training in performing vestibular assessment and management.

Methods:
A survey research methodology with a cross-sectional research design was adopted, where a 29 item web-based survey was used to survey 32 audiologists from across the country. All audiologists surveyed were qualified and registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) independent practitioners. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:
Just over half of the participants (53.6%) conducting vestibular assessments in their practices. More than half (65.6%) of the audiologists received formal education from the university; while only 40.6% received clinical training. 59.4% of the participants were not confident in performing vestibular assessment; while 65.5% of participants were not confident in performing vestibular management. Over 80% of audiologists who were not confident in performing vestibular assessment and management work in public hospitals where over 70% of the South African population accesses health care.

Conclusion:
More audiologists are not confident in performing vestibular assessment and management, particularly those who are working in public hospitals. The findings raise implications for training and resource planning and allocation.
Spatial Analysis of Light Pollution Dynamics Around Bosscha Observatory and Timau National Observatory Based on VIIRS-DNB Satellite Images
Authors: Prastyo H A , Herdiwijaya D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Bosscha Observatory is the largest and oldest observatory in Indonesia that has been actively doing astronomical research since 1928. Bosscha Observatory was originally very suitable for observing astronomical objects because of its ideal night sky conditions and covered most of the northern and southern sky areas. However, starting at the end of 1980, the quality of the night sky at Bosscha Observatory has decreased along with the development of cities around the observatory. Therefore, the construction of a new observatory in Indonesia is currently underway, i.e. the Timau National Observatory. One of the main causes of the decreasing quality of the night sky at Bosscha Observatory is light pollution. Light pollution is one form of pollution caused by excessive light outside the room released into the sky, causing an increase in brightness of the night sky. The brightness increasing of the night sky causes relatively faint astronomical object, e.g. Milky Way Galaxy that is difficult to observe. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of light pollution in a radius of 20 km from Bosscha Observatory and at a radius of 90 km from the Timau National Observatory in 2013-2017 using VIIRS-DNB satellite imagery, it is known that there is a wide change in light pollution for the very low, low, medium, high, and very high. The average area of light pollution at a radius of 20 km from Bosscha Observatory for the category of very low, low, medium, high, and very high categories experienced a rate of -41.3 ± 135.2 km2 / year, 5.9 ± 97.2 km2 / year, 15.1 ± 14.6 km2 / year, 18.0 ± 42.6 km2 / year, and 2.1 ± 10.2 km2 / year. The rate of increase in the extent of light pollution for the medium, high, and very high categories occurs south of the Bosscha Observatory, which is towards the city of Bandung. The average area of light pollution in a 90 km radius from the Timau National Observatory for the very low, low, medium, and high categories experienced a rate of 20.8 ± 43.4 km2 / year, -22.1 ± 40.9 km2 / year, 3.0 ± 7.3 km2 / year, and -1.7 ± 7.3 km2 / year. Therefore, the night sky in the 128-268 degrees azimuth direction at Bosscha Observatory is relatively not ideal as a location for observing astronomical objects, and the Timau National Observatory is still relatively ideal as a location for observing astronomical objects, but it is necessary to monitor the dynamics of light pollution in the direction of 207-215 degrees azimuth which leads to Kupang City.
Search for blue straggler stars in open clusters from the VVV survey (preliminary result)
Authors: Amalina S N , Arifyanto M I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Blue straggler stars (BSS) are a group of stars that are found within some stellar clusters through their color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs). The BSS are located on the upper-part of the CMD’s tum-off (TO) point along the zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) line. BSS are commonly found within intermediate-age to old stellar clusters, typically 108 years. Based on the catalogue of BSS in open clusters (OCs), the OCs toward the Galactic Center (GC) that host BSS are less than the ones toward the anti-center. Using the VVV survey data in near-infrared, we plan to investigate the presence of BSS in OCs toward the GC. To reach our objectives, we generally divide the works into: (1) determine cluster membership probability, (2) fit the decontaminated CMDs with its respectable isochrones, (3) detect any stars that fall into BSS area in CMD and recheck their position in spatial diagram. Out of the 4 OCs we planned to investigate, only 1 OC had been analyzed up to its membership probability; NGC 5999. However, we found 1541 stars as the most probable members, exceeded way too many compared to the literature. We still need to refine our method in the future work to clean more field stars.