bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Exploratory Study of Sevoflurane as an Alternative for Difficult Sedation in Critically Ill Children*
Authors: Mencía Santiago , Palacios Alba , García Miriam , Llorente Ana M. , Ordóñez Olga , Toledo Blanca , López-Herce Jesús 
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
To analyze the effectiveness of inhaled sevoflurane in critically ill children with challenging sedation.

Design:
Prospective case series.

Setting:
Two PICUs of university hospitals in Spain.

Interventions:
Prospective observational study and exploratory investigation conducted in two PICUs in Madrid, Spain, over a 6-year period. Children treated with inhaled sevoflurane due to difficult sedation were included. Sevoflurane was administered via the anesthetic conserving device (AnaConDa) connected to a Servo-I ventilator (Maquet, Solna, Sweden). A morphine infusion was added to sevoflurane for analgesia. Demographic and clinical data, oral and IV sedatives, Sedation and Analgesic Clinical scores, and Bispectral Index Score monitoring were registered.

Measurements and Main Results:
Twenty-three patients with a median age of 6 months old were included. Fifty percentage of the patients had critical heart diseases. Sedative and analgesic drugs used before starting sevoflurane were mainly midazolam (63%) and fentanyl (53%). Six patients (32%) also received muscle relaxants. Sevoflurane was administered for a median of 5 days (interquartile range, 5.5–8.5 d). Median end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was 0.8% (interquartile range, 0.7–0.85%), achieved with an infusion rate of 7.5 mL/hr (5.7–8.6 mL/hr). After 48 hours of treatment, some sedative drugs could be removed in 18 patients (78%). Median Bispectral Index Score value prior to sevoflurane administration was 61 (interquartile range, 49–62), falling to 42 (interquartile range, 41–47; p < 0.05) after 6 hours of treatment. Six patients (26%) presented withdrawal syndrome after sevoflurane suspension, and all of them had received sevoflurane at least for 6 days. The main side effect was moderate hypotension in seven patients (30%).

Conclusions:
Inhaled sevoflurane appeared to be an effective sedative agent in critically ill children and can be useful in those patients on mechanical ventilation difficult to sedate with conventional drugs. It can be administered easily in the PICU with conventional ventilators using the AnaConDa system. Withdrawal syndrome may occur with prolonged treatment.
Paraneoplastic Pemphigus Associated With Castleman Disease Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Fu Zhanli , Liu Meng , Chen Xueqi , Yang Xing , Li Qian 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
A 36-year-old woman suffering from oral ulcerations, skin rash, and dyspnea was suspected of having paraneoplastic pemphigus. An 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed to detect the underlying neoplasms and revealed an 18F-FDG–avid mass in the lower right retroperitoneum. The mucocutaneous lesions and dyspnea were relieved after the tumor excision, and the pathology indicated Castleman disease.
Lack of functional caveolae in Cav3 mutated human dystrophic myotubes results in deficient mechanoprotection and IL6/STAT3 mechanosignaling
Authors: Dewulf Melissa , Köster Darius , Sinha Bidisha , Viaris de Lesegno Christine , Chambon Valérie , Bigot Anne , Tardif Nicolas , Johannes Ludger , Nassoy Pierre , Butler-Browne Gillian , Lamaze Christophe , Blouin Cedric M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCaveolin-3 is the major structural protein of caveolae in muscle cells. Mutations in the CAV3 gene cause different type of muscle disorders mostly characterized by defects in membrane integrity and repair, deregulation in the expression of various muscle proteins and deregulation of several muscle associated signaling pathways. We show here that myotubes derived from patients bearing the CAV3 P28L and R26Q mutations present a lack of functional caveolae at the plasma membrane which results in an abnormal mechanoresponse. Mutant myotubes can no longer buffer the increase of membrane tension induced by mechanical stress and present an hyperactivation of the IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway at rest and under mechanical stress. The impaired mechanical regulation of the IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway by caveolae leads to chronic activation and a higher expression of muscle specific genes. These defects could be reversed by reassembling a pool of functional caveolae through expression of wild type Cav3. Our findings bring more mechanistic insight into human Cav3 associated muscle disorders and show a general defect in the mechanoresponse of CAV3 P28L and R26Q myotubes.
Increased H. pylori stool shedding and EPIYA-D cagA alleles are associated with gastric cancer in an East Asian hospital
Authors: Talarico Sarah , Leverich Christina , Wei Bing , Ma Jie , Cao XinGuang , Guo YongJun , Han GuangSen , Yao Lena , Self Steve , Zhao Yuzhou , Salama Nina R. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundHelicobacter pylori infection induces chronic inflammation and tissue damage in the stomach, increasing risk for gastric cancer. Paradoxically, these tissue alterations may promote loss of H. pylori infection during cancer progression. H. pylori’s role in cancer progression beyond initiation is unclear. Geographic variation in gastric cancer risk has been attributed to variation in carriage and type of the H. pylori oncogene cagA.MethodsTo investigate possible differences in H. pylori load in the stomach and shedding in stool, H. pylori load and cagA genotype were assessed using droplet digital PCR assays on gastric mucosa and stool samples from 49 urea breath test-positive individuals, including 25 gastric cancer and 24 non-cancer subjects at Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan, China.ResultsQuantitation of H. pylori DNA indicated similar gastric loads among cancer and non-cancer cases, but the gastric cancer group had a median H. pylori load in the stool that was six times higher than that of the non-cancer subjects. While the cagA gene was uniformly present among study subjects, only 70% had the East Asian cagA allele, which was significantly associated with gastric cancer (Fisher’s Exact Test, p = 0.03).ConclusionH. pylori persists in a subset of gastric cancer cases and thus may contribute to cancer progression. In this East Asian population with a high prevalence of the cagA gene, the East Asian allele could still provide a marker for gastric cancer risk.ImpactThis study contributes to our understanding of H. pylori dynamics in the context of pathological changes.
Models that learn how humans learn: the case of decision-making and its disorders
Authors: Dezfouli Amir , Griffiths Kristi , Ramos Fabio , Dayan Peter , Balleine Bernard W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPopular computational models of decision-making make specific assumptions about learning processes that may cause them to underfit observed behaviours. Here we suggest an alternative method using recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to generate a flexible family of models that have sufficient capacity to represent the complex learning and decision-making strategies used by humans. In this approach, an RNN is trained to predict the next action that a subject will take in a decision-making task and, in this way, learns to imitate the processes underlying subjects’ choices and their learning abilities. We demonstrate the benefits of this approach using a new dataset drawn from patients with either unipolar (n=34) or bipolar (n=33) depression and matched healthy controls (n=34) making decisions on a two-armed bandit task. The results indicate that this new approach is better than baseline reinforcement-learning methods in terms of overall performance and its capacity to predict subjects’ choices. We show that the model can be interpreted using off-policy simulations and thereby provides a novel clustering of subjects’ learning processes – something that often eludes traditional approaches to modelling and behavioural analysis.
Immuno-genomic PanCancer Landscape Reveals Diverse Immune Escape Mechanisms and Immuno-Editing Histories
Authors: Mizuno Shinichi , Yamaguchi Rui , Hasegawa Takanori , Hayashi Shuto , Fujita Masashi , Zhang Fan , Koh Youngil , Lee Su-Yeon , Yoon Sung-Soo , Shimizu Eigo , Komura Mitsuhiro , Fujimoto Akihiro , Nagai Momoko , Kato Mamoru , Liang Han , Miyano Satoru , Zhang Zemin , Nakagawa Hidewaki , Imoto Seiya ,   on behalf of the PCAWG Mitochondrial Genome and Immunogenomics Working Group and The PCAWG Network
Published: March 2018

AbstractImmune reactions in the tumor micro-environment are one of the cancer hallmarks and emerging immune therapies have been proven effective in many types of cancer. To investigate cancer genome-immune interactions and the role of immuno-editing or immune escape mechanisms in cancer development, we analyzed 2,834 whole genomes and RNA-seq datasets across 31 distinct tumor types from the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) project with respect to key immuno-genomic aspects. We show that selective copy number changes in immune-related genes could contribute to immune escape. Furthermore, we developed an index of the immuno-editing history of each tumor sample based on the information of mutations in exonic regions and pseudogenes. Our immuno-genomic analyses of pan-cancer analyses have the potential to identify a subset of tumors with immunogenicity and diverse background or intrinsic pathways associated with their immune status and immuno-editing history.
Productivity definition of the chilling requirement reveals underestimation of the impact of climate change on winter chill accumulation
Authors: Campoy José Antonio , Darbyshire Rebecca , Dirlewanger Elisabeth , Quero-García José , Wenden Bénédicte 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEvaluation of chilling requirements (CR) of cultivars of temperate fruit trees provides key information to assess regional suitability, according to winter chill, for both industry expansion and ongoing profitability as climate change continues. Traditional methods for calculating CR use climate controlled chambers and define CR using a fixed budburst percentage, usually close to 50% (CR-50%), without considering the productivity level associated to this percentage. This CR-50% definition may underestimate the real CR of tree crops for optimal productivity. This underestimation is particularly important to consider as winter chill accumulation is declining in many regions due to climate change. In this work we used sweet cherry to analyse the traditional method for calculating CR in many Rosaceae species (CR-50%) and compared the results with more a restrictive, productivity focused method, with CR defined with a 90% bud break level (90%, CRm-90%) close to the optimal budburst which assures productivity. Climate projections of winter chill suitability across Europe using CR-50% and CRm-90% were calculated. Regional suitability landscape was highly dependent on the method used to define CR and differences were found for a wide area of the European geography, both cold and mild winter areas. Our results suggest a need to use an optimal budburst level for the assessment of CR for sweet cherry. The use of traditional methods to determine CR can result in an underestimation of productivity CR with negative consequences for the fruit industry, particularly as climate change advances.
Exploring the Impact of Analysis Software on Task fMRI Results
Authors: Bowring Alexander , Maumet Camille , Nichols Thomas E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA wealth of analysis tools are available to fMRI researchers in order to extract patterns of task variation and, ultimately, understand cognitive function. However, this ‘methodological plurality’ comes with a drawback. While conceptually similar, two different analysis pipelines applied on the same dataset may not produce the same scientific results. Differences in methods, implementations across software packages, and even operating systems or software versions all contribute to this variability. Consequently, attention in the field has recently been directed to reproducibility and data sharing. Neuroimaging is currently experiencing a surge in initiatives to improve research practices and ensure that all conclusions inferred from an fMRI study are replicable.In this work, our goal is to understand how choice of software package impacts on analysis results. We use publically shared data from three published task fMRI neuroimaging studies, reanalyzing each study using the three main neuroimaging software packages, AFNI, FSL and SPM, using parametric and nonparametric inference. We obtain all information on how to process, analyze, and model each dataset from the publications. We make quantitative and qualitative comparisons between our replications to gauge the scale of variability in our results and assess the fundamental differences between each software package. While qualitatively we find broad similarities between packages, we also discover marked differences, such as Dice similarity coefficients ranging from 0.000 - 0.743 in comparisons of thresholded statistic maps between software. We discuss the challenges involved in trying to reanalyse the published studies, and highlight our own efforts to make this research reproducible.
Down-regulated Long Noncoding RNAHOXA11-ASaffects trophoblast cell proliferation and migration by regulatingRND3andHOXA7expression in preeclampsia
Authors: Xu Yetao , Wu Dan , Liu Jie , Ma Zhonghua , Hui Bingqing , Wang Jing , chen Yanzi , Wang Sailan , Lian Yifan , Sun Lizhou 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe long noncoding RNAHOXA11-ASreveals abnormal expression in numerous human diseases. However, its function and biological mechanisms remain unclear in Preeclampsia (PE). In this study, we report thatHOXA11-ASwas significantly downregulated in preeclampsic placental tissues and could contribute to the occurrence and development of Preeclampsia. Silencing ofHOXA11-ASexpression could significantly suppress trophoblast cell growth and migration, whereasHOXA11-ASoverexpression facilitated cell growth in HTR-8/SVneo, JEG3 and JAR cell lines. RNA-seq analysis also indicated thatHOXA11-ASsilencing preferentially regulated numerous genes associated with cell proliferation and cell migration. Mechanistic analyses showed thatHOXA11-AScould recruit Ezh2 and Lsd1 protein, and regulateRND3mRNA expression in nucleus. In cytoplasm,HOXA11-ASmodulateHOXA7expression by sponged miR-15b-5p, thus affecting trophoblast cell proliferation. Together, these resulting data confirm that aberrant expression ofHOXA11-ASis involved in the occurrence and development of Preeclampsia, and may act as a prospective diagnosis and therapeutic target in PE.
Structured priors in human forecasting
Authors: Quiroga Francisco , Schulz Eric , Speekenbrink Maarten , Harvey Nigel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractForecasting is an increasingly important part of our daily lives. Many studies on how people produce forecasts frame their behavior as prone to systematic errors. Based on recent evidence on how people learn about functions, we propose that participants’ forecasts are not irrational but rather driven by structured priors, i.e. situationally induced expectations of structure derived from experience with the real world. To test this, we extract participants’ priors over various contexts using a free-form forecasting paradigm. Instead of exhibiting systematic biases, our results show that participants’ priors match well with structure found in real-world data. Moreover, given the same data set, structured priors induce predictably different posterior forecasts depending on the evoked situational context.
Footprints of antigen processing boost MHC class II natural ligand binding predictions
Authors: Barra Carolina , Alvarez Bruno , Andreatta Massimo , Buus Søren , Nielsen Morten 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMajor Histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules present peptide fragments to T cells for immune recognition. Current predictors for peptide:MHC-II binding are trained on binding affinity data, generatedin-vitroand therefore lacking information about antigen processing. For the first time, we here describe prediction models of peptide:MHC-II binding trained directly on naturally eluted peptides, and show that these, in addition to peptide binding to the MHC, incorporate identifiable rules of antigen processing. In fact, we observed detectable signals of protease cleavage at defined positions of the peptides. We also hypothesize a role of the length of the terminal ligand protrusions for trimming the peptide to the epitope presented. The results of integrating binding affinity and eluted ligand data in a combined model demonstrate improved performance for the prediction of MHC-II ligands, and foreshadow a new generation of improved peptide:MHC-II prediction tools of considerable importance for understanding and manipulating immune responses.
Genome wide association analysis identifies genetic variants associated with reproductive variation across domestic dog breeds and uncovers links to domestication
Authors: Phillips Julie Baker , Smith Samuel A. , Johnson Maddison L. , Abbot Patrick , Capra John A. , Rokas Antonis 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe diversity of eutherian reproductive strategies has led to variation in many traits, such as number of offspring, age of reproductive maturity, and gestation length. While reproductive trait variation has been extensively investigated and is well established in mammals, the genetic loci contributing to this variation remain largely unknown. The domestic dog,Canis lupus familiarisis a powerful model for studies of the genetics of inherited disease due to its unique history of domestication. To gain insight into the genetic basis of reproductive traits across domestic dog breeds, we collected phenotypic data for four traits – cesarean section rate (n = 97 breeds), litter size (n = 60), stillbirth rate (n = 57), and gestation length (n = 23) – from primary literature and breeders’ handbooks. By matching our phenotypic data to genomic data from the Cornell Veterinary Biobank, we performed genome wide association analyses for these four reproductive traits, using body mass and kinship among breeds as co-variates. We identified 14 genome-wide significant associations between these traits and genetic loci, including variants nearCACNA2D3with gestation length,MSRB3with litter size,SMOC2with cesarean section rate,MITFwith litter size and still birth rate,KRT71with cesarean section rate, litter size, and stillbirth rate, andHTR2Cwith stillbirth rate. Some of these loci, such asCACNA2D3andMSRB3, have been previously implicated in human reproductive pathologies. Many of the variants that we identified have been previously associated with domestication-related traits, including brachycephaly (SMOC2), coat color (MITF), coat curl (KRT71), and tameness (HTR2C). These results raise the hypothesis that the artificial selection that gave rise to dog breeds also shaped the observed variation in their reproductive traits. Overall, our work establishes the domestic dog as a system for studying the genetics of reproductive biology and disease.
Acetylation-Dependent Recruitment of the FACT Complex and Its Role in Regulating Pol II Occupancy Genome-Wide inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Pathak Rakesh , Singh Priyanka , Ananthakrishnan Sudha , Adamczyk Sarah , Schimmel Olivia , Govind Chhabi K. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTHistone chaperones, chromatin remodelers, and histone modifying complexes play a critical role in alleviating the nucleosomal barrier for DNA-dependent processes. Here, we have examined the role of two highly conserved yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) histone chaperones, FACT and Spt6, in regulating transcription. We show that the H3 tail contributes to the recruitment of FACT to coding sequences in a manner dependent on acetylation. We found that deleting a H3 HAT Gcn5 or mutating lysines on the H3 tail impairs FACT recruitment atADH1andARG1genes. However, deleting the H4 tail or mutating the H4 lysines failed to dampen FACT occupancy in coding regions. Additionally, we show that FACT-depletion reduces Pol II occupancy in the 5’ ends genome-wide. In contrast, Spt6-depletion leads to reduction in Pol II occupancy towards the 3’ end, in a manner dependent on the gene-length. Severe transcription and histone eviction defects were also observed in a strain that was impaired for Spt6 recruitment (spt6Δ202) and depleted of FACT. Importantly, the severity of the defect strongly correlated with WT Pol II occupancies at these genes, indicating critical roles of Spt6 and Spt16 in promoting high-level transcription. Collectively, our results show that both FACT and Spt6 are important for transcription globally and may participate during different stages of transcription.
Tournaments of values at the European film market
Authors: Smits Roderik 
Published: March 2018

PurposeWith film sales markets becoming increasingly popular events where the film business gathers several times each year, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that they should be understood as events where important gatekeeping process are taking place. That is to say, sales markets are the point where important decisions about films are made, where sales agencies negotiate access to international markets, and where they exert influence over the sort of access given to specific films.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on qualitative methods such as participant observation and interviews, the author develops a case study of the European Film Market (EFM) in Berlin. The author analyses value creation processes at the EFM, focussing specifically on the disposition of exhibition space and the importance of film screenings.FindingsDrawing on the literature about tournaments of value, the author demonstrates that sales markets endow films with significant values, exercising a powerful role over the process of enabling cultural flow. The author also demonstrates that there is a symbiotic relationship between the EFM sales market and the Berlin International Film Festival, providing a context from which films can generate attention.Originality/valueThe author provides new insights into film sales processes within sales markets, and the role of sales agents in influencing such processes. The author argues that sales markets exert an important influence over gatekeeping by creating social and cultural hierarchies that impact on the sales process of films.