bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare plants in the focus of the modern concept of biodiversity (on the example of Transbaikal)
Authors: Namzalov B-Ts B , Zhigzhitzhapova S V , Namzalov M B-Ts 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Rare plants are endemic and relict species, and plants that are on the borders of their ranges. Only in the flora of the steppes of the Baikal Siberia, 48 endemic species are known, i.e., 7.0% of the total structure of the flora. In addition to endemics, relicts are typical for the historical phytogeography of Siberia. Twenty-seven of them belong to the oldest tertiary. It is often observed that the historical phytogeography of Siberia contains very little information about relict vegetation communities in comparison to a large volume of Pleistocene steppe relict species, for example. Logically one can assume that if species are preserved, it is likely to find islands of former vegetation, relict phytocenoses. Fragments of these communities are combined with tundra groups, forming relict tundra-steppe landscapes in the mountains of the Sayan mountains and Tuva. For the first time taking Transbaikal as an example, an approach for a holistic view of rare plant species in accordance with the concept of biodiversity is proposed. This means the disclosure of this phenomenon not only on the species, but also on the coenotic and landscape levels. As a result, rare plant species are represented in systemic integrity at three conjugate levels: 1. Characteristics of a unique species as a system of uneven-age individuals; 2. Analysis of plant communities with dominance or participation of the species under consideration; 3. Description of the original landscape with the development of rare phytocenosis. The holistic and related discovery of the biology and ecology of endemic, relict and boundary populations of plant species will serve as a basis for creating a valuable scientific synthesis, the Atlas of the unique gene pool of natural flora.
Receiving new perspective for biotechnology and virology cell cultures of fishes
Authors: Zavyalova E A , Carpova M A , Bulina K Y , Alontseva D A , Droshnev A E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Due to the increase in the population of the planet and the increasing need for proteinaceous food one of the most important sectors of agriculture - the aquaculture - is crucial for ensuring food security of the country. Control of viral diseases of fishes with use of biotechnology methods - such as cell cultures is necessary for development of the industry. The new lines of cells offered by authors from fabrics and bodies of the fishes which are industrially grown up in Russin Federation (sturgeons, a trout, a bull-trout), the technology of their receiving and also information on sensitivity to viruses will allow to solve a problem of timely diagnostics of viral infections of fishes and to provide an intensive development of aquaculture. The obtained cultures: SSF (VIEV) -1, 2, 3; OMG, STLE are incorporated in the cryobank and deposited in the Specialized Collection of Intermittent somatic cell cultures of agricultural and commercial animals RKKK (P) (SZHZ RAAS) at the FGBU of the FSC of the VIEV RAS and can be demanded by other scientific-research institutions for the solution of different tasks.
Forests of the Angaro-Chunsky interfluve (Krasnoyarsk region)
Authors: Yuzefovich F S , Tupitsyna N N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The territory of the Angaro-Chunsky interfluve is located in the south-western part of the Central Siberian Plateau in the southern taiga subzone. The paper presents a review of forest vegetation studies in the region, which is represented by dark coniferous (Abies sibirica, Picea obovata, Pinus sibirica), light coniferous (Larix sibirica, Pinus sylvestris) and small-leaved (Betula pendula, Populus tremula) forests. The classification of forests of the Angaro-Chunsky interfluve is based on the ecological-phytocenotic classification of forests of V N Sukachev.
Strategic planning as a vector of the poultry industry development
Authors: Vedenkina I V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The paper touches upon the issue of strategic planning of the poultry industry as a whole, as well as of its individual business entities, and shows the difference between strategic and long-term planning. A comparison of strategic planning in domestic and foreign practice is carried out. The methods and methodology of strategic planning are considered. The goals, directions, tasks of the Poultry Development Concept of the Russian Federation are described. The main digital information of the forecast of domestic production of poultry meat and eggs for the period 2013-2020 is presented. The features of the strategic planning of a specific poultry enterprise with digital information by year are presented.
Cultivation of mammals early male germ cells in a semi liquid medium
Authors: Vasileva S A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpermatogenesis is one of the most complex processes of cell differentiation. The ability to cultivate early male germ cells and subject them to differentiation to produce mature gametes in vitro is an important task for both biology and veterinary and regenerative medicine. In vivo, spermatogenesis is known to occur in a three-dimensional structure, in the convoluted seminiferous tubules of the male reproductive glands, and Sertoli cells and the extracellular matrix have a significant impact on the survival, proliferation and differentiation of early germ cells. At present, methods of creating a microenvironment, similar to the native, are being actively developed to support spermatogenesis in vitro. This paper reflects research on the use of semi-fluid media as a three-dimensional matrix for the cultivation of early male gametes of mammals. These culture systems have been shown to support the differentiation of early germ cells to the stage of elongated spermatids with the subsequent formation of spermatozoa. However, it is necessary to continue research to create a culture system that can induce and maintain complete spermatogenesis.
Migration flyways of geese in Central Siberia
Authors: Savchenko A P , Emelyanov V I , Savchenko P A , Karpova N V , Davaa A M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Observations of geese abundance and migration in Central Siberia are especially relevant for international scientists due to the lack of objective data on this topic in English literature. The goal of this paper is to summarize the results of a long-term study (1980-2016) on migration of geese in Central Siberia, to distinguish and describe their migration routes in the environment of Continental Asia. The authors used a methodological complex comprising universally accepted techniques of ornithological studies, such as visual and instrumental observations at staging sites and along geese migration routes, registration of birds on the ground (travelling on foot, by boat or by car) and in the air (using aircraft). To clarify the subspecies, the authors carried out collection of birds or their body parts (heads, wings, legs, n = 1032 units). Capture and banding of nesting geese was done in the Altai-Sayan Ecoregion. The places and dates of maximum geese concentration, as well as the time of their departure, are quite permanent; that made it possible to carry out their definite registration using aircraft (25.5 thousand km). The works at each of the most significant sites were performed annually, at the same time of the year. They also analyzed data available in scientific literature and reports on returns of rings from the Ringing Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as information about geese received from hunters and specialists of environmental services. The paper shows main migration routes and their territorial connections. The Great Lakes Depression in Mongolia is a kind of “migration dead end” for a great number of waterfowl migrating in spring.
The role of voluntary forest certification in solving the problem of minimizing the impact on the environment in the process of logging
Authors: Mokhirev A P , Sul’tson S M , Medvedev S O , Mihailov P V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Conservation of forest biodiversity is a global challenge. These goals are the main objectives of voluntary forest certification. This article presents the results of the activities of one of the enterprises of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russian Federation, aimed at sustainable forest management and biodiversity conservation. The company is certified by the PEFC RUSSIA system and is guided by their requirements and recommendations. In order to minimize the environmental impact, adjustments were made to the process of logging. The change in the technological process made it possible to reduce the damage of the soil and undergrowth of trees. As a result of research activities of the enterprise, it should be admitted that during logging negative effects on forest ecosystems dominate, a significant transformation of the natural environment takes place. However, with the help of certain organizational measures, this damage can be minimized. Voluntary forest certification systems are designed to reduce the impact of the activities of enterprises and promote the best management of forest resources. To simplify the use of certification requirements, an algorithm for minimizing the impact on the environment through the tools of voluntary forest certification has been proposed.
Indexes of nitrogenous exchange in organisms of high-yield cows in dependence from various concentration of lipids in diets
Authors: Yu Petrov O , Rozhentsov A L , Mihalev E V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Animals of control groups received a diet with the maintenance of 3,5% of fat according to the detailed norms of feeding. Increase in level of fat in diets of analogs II and III groups up to 4, 5 and 5, 4% of its nonvolatile solid was carried out at the expense of the sunflower-seed oil entered into a diet by interfusing with concentrated compound feed. Zootechnical, hematological and biochemical researches were conducted with use of the practical standards. In this article the expediency of optimization of level of crude fat in diets of high-yield cows of golshtinsky breed is experimentally proved. It improves a condition of proteometabolism in their organism what the positive nitrogen balance, increase in extent of its deduction in a body and uses on formation of milk to testifies. Thus, strengthening of lipids in nonvolatile solid of diets of the high-yield lactating cows renders particular and, in general, positive influence on key indicators of nitrogenous metabolism in their organism.
The effect of sterilization modes used for pork preserved in polymeric consumer packaging on the destruction of fatty acids
Authors: Krylova V B , Gustova T V , Kudryashov L S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article is devoted to solving an actual problem aiming at substantiating the rational modes of sterilization of preserved meat in order to minimize destructive effects on the main components of the products, including fats. The authors emphasized mainly on the change of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) more specifically, essential fatty acids, which are under the close attention of researchers, both in our country and abroad. Particular attention is paid to the influence of sterilization modes on changes in the quality composition of fatty acids of meat lump in preserved pork. The article summarizes the new material on the effect of sterilization modes of preserved food on the degree of hydrothermal destruction of fat and the formation of free fatty acids on the total content of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this article, the approach for assessing the degree of destruction of the fat component of preserved meat from the point of separation of volatile substances, the content of which, as studies have shown, either decreases with sterilization, is completely destroyed, or increases after sterilization. It is established that most of the compounds, the proportion of which decreases with sterilization, belongs to the class of carboxylic acids, including heptadecanoic, decanoic, eicosanoic and octanoic acids. The idea is that the main factors influencing the change in the initial chemical composition of the product lipids are the presence of moisture in the raw food, the sterilization temperature and the pressure. It is shown that the free fatty acids identified in the raw food: arachidonic acid and hexane are absent in the finished product. As a research task, the authors evaluated the effect of gentle sterilization modes on the safety of oleic acid, which can inhibit the formation of cholesterol plaques in the blood vessels, preventing the development of atherosclerosis. A small amount of nervonic acid was found with a dietary value. It was shown that irrespective of the sterilization modes, γ-linolenic acid was preserved, which contributes to the strengthening of the structure of cell membranes. In conclusion, analysis results obtained indicated a shallow destructive change in the fat content of the preserved food under the influence of gentle thermal loads.
Burnout in UK care home staff and its effect on staff turnover: MARQUE English national care home longitudinal survey
Authors: Costello Harry , Cooper Claudia , Marston Louise , Livingston Gill 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
staff burnout and turnover lead to care home residents receiving poorer quality care. Burnout is thought to cause turnover, but this has never been investigated. We know little about which care home staffs are burnt out.

Aims
to explore burnout’s relationship with staff turnover and prevalence and predictors of burnout.

Method
we calculated the relationship between Maslach Burnout Inventory scores and future staff turnover (12-month number of staff leaving/number employed). We explored staff, resident and care home predictors of burnout, measured as emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA).

Results
two-thousand sixty-two care staff in 97 care home units participated. Median yearly staff turnover was 22.7%, interquartile range (IQR) 14.0–37.7%. Care staff recorded low median burnout (median EE: 14, IQR: 7–22; DP: 1, IQR: 0–5; PA 42, IQR: 36–45). We found no association between staff burnout and turnover rate. Younger staff age was associated with higher burnout (EE coefficient − 0.09; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.13, −0.05; DP −0.02; 95% CI: −0.04, −0.01; PA 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.08). Speaking English as a second language predicted higher EE (1.59; 95% CI: 0.32, 2.85), males had higher DP (0.02; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.04) and staff working only night shifts lower PA (−2.08; 95% CI: −4.05, −1.30).

Conclusions
we found no association between care homes staff burnout level and staff turnover rates. It is a myth that burnout levels are high. Interventions for burnout could focus on at-risk groups. Future studies could consider turnover at an individual level.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Lobar Brain Structures in Twins With Autism
Authors: Hegarty John P , Lazzeroni Laura C , Raman Mira M , Pegoraro Luiz F L , Monterrey Julio C , Cleveland Sue C , Hallmayer Joachim F , Wolke Olga N , Phillips Jennifer M , Reiss Allan L , Hardan Antonio Y 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis investigation examined whether the variation of cerebral structure is associated with genetic or environmental factors in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with typically developing (TD) controls. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from twin pairs (aged 6–15 years) in which at least one twin was diagnosed with ASD or both were TD. Good quality data were available from 30 ASD, 18 discordant, and 34 TD pairs (n = 164). Structural measures (volume, cortical thickness, and surface area) were generated with FreeSurfer, and ACE modeling was completed. Lobar structures were primarily genetically mediated in TD twins (a2 = 0.60–0.89), except thickness of the temporal (a2 = 0.33 [0.04, 0.63]) and occipital lobes (c2 = 0.61 [0.45, 0.77]). Lobar structures were also predominantly genetically mediated in twins with ASD (a2 = 0.70–1.00); however, thickness of the frontal (c2 = 0.81 [0.71, 0.92]), temporal (c2 = 0.77 [0.60, 0.93]), and parietal lobes (c2 = 0.87 [0.77, 0.97]), and frontal gray matter (GM) volume (c2 = 0.79 [0.63, 0.95]), were associated with environmental factors. Conversely, occipital thickness (a2 = 0.93 [0.75, 1.11]) did not exhibit the environmental contributions that were found in controls. Differences in GM volume were associated with social communication impairments for the frontal (r = 0.52 [0.18, 0.75]), temporal (r = 0.61 [0.30, 0.80]), and parietal lobes (r = 0.53 [0.19, 0.76]). To our knowledge, this is the first investigation to suggest that environmental factors influence GM to a larger extent in children with ASD, especially in the frontal lobe.
Trends in Hepatitis B Infection and Immunity Among Women of Childbearing Age in the United States
Authors: Kushner Tatyana , Chen Zhen , Tressler Stacy , Kaufman Harvey , Feinberg Judith , Terrault Norah A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe current opioid injection drug use epidemic has been associated with an increase in hepatitis C virus infections among women of childbearing age in the United States, but changes in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections have not been studied.MethodsA retrospective analysis of HBV statuses among women of childbearing age nationally and by state was conducted, utilizing the Quest Diagnostics database. Rates of HBV in women born before and after the implementation of universal HBV vaccination recommendations were determined.ResultsWe identified 8 871 965 women tested for HBV from 2011–2017. Nationally, the annual rate of acute HBV infections was stable, but rates increased in Kentucky, Alabama, and Indiana (P &lt; .03). The national prevalence of new, chronic HBV diagnoses decreased significantly, from 0.83% in 2011 to 0.19% in 2017 (P &lt; .0001), but increased in Mississippi, Kentucky, and West Virginia (P ≤ .05). A declining prevalence of HBV seroprotection was evident over time, especially within the birth-dose cohort (which dropped from 48.5% to 38.5%; P &lt; .0001).ConclusionsNational rates of newly diagnosed acute and chronic HBV infections declined or were stable overall, but increased significantly in specific Appalachian states. The HBV vaccine is effective in decreasing infections, but seroprotection wanes over time. These trends in new infections may be related to increased injection drug use and highlight potential gaps in HBV vaccine protection.
Validation of Acute Gastroenteritis-related International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification Codes in Pediatric and Adult US Populations
Authors: Pindyck Talia , Hall Aron J , Tate Jacqueline E , Cardemil Cristina V , Kambhampati Anita K , Wikswo Mary E , Payne Daniel C , Grytdal Scott , Boom Julie A , Englund Janet A , Klein Eileen J , Halasa Natasha , Selvarangan Rangaraj , Staat Mary Allen , Weinberg Geoffrey A , Beenhouwer David O , Brown Sheldon T , Holodniy Mark , Lucero-Obusan Cynthia , Marconi Vince C , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C , Parashar Umesh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInternational Classification of Diseases diagnostic codes are used to estimate acute gastroenteritis (AGE) disease burden. We validated AGE-related codes in pediatric and adult populations using 2 multiregional active surveillance platforms. The sensitivity of AGE codes was similar (54% and 58%) in both populations and increased with addition of vomiting-specific codes.
Unilateral acts, acquiescence, and estoppel
Authors: Crawford James 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses the concepts of unilateral acts, acquiescence, and estoppel, and the relation between the three. All three are rooted in the principle of good faith, but unilateral acts are in their essence statements or representations intended to be binding and publicly manifested as such, whereas acquiescence and estoppel are more general categories, consisting of statements or representations not intended as binding nor amounting to a promise, whose binding force depends on the circumstances.
Use or threat of force by states
Authors: Crawford James 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses international law governing the use or threat of force by states. The UN Security Council has primary responsibility for enforcement action to deal with breaches of the peace, threats to the peace, or acts of aggression. Individual member states have the right of individual or collective self-defence, but only ‘until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security’. However, the practice has evolved of authorizing peacekeeping operations that are contingent upon the consent of the state whose territory is the site of the operations.
Reaching rural communities through ‘Healthy Entrepreneurs’: a cross-sectional exploration of community health entrepreneurship’s role in sexual and reproductive health
Authors: Borst Robert A J , Hoekstra Trynke , Muhangi Denis , Jonker Isis , Kok Maarten Olivier 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to explore the association between community health entrepreneurship and the sexual and reproductive health status of rural households in West-Uganda. We collected data using digital surveys in a cluster-randomized cross-sectional cohort study. The sample entailed 1211 household members from 25 randomly selected villages within two subcounties, of a rural West-Ugandan district. The association between five validated sexual and reproductive health outcome indicators and exposure to community health entrepreneurship was assessed using wealth-adjusted mixed-effects logistic regression models. We observed that households living in an area where community health entrepreneurs were active reported more often to use at least one modern contraceptive method [odds ratios (OR): 2.01, 95% CI: 1.30–3.10] had more knowledge of modern contraceptive methods (OR: 7.75, 95% CI: 2.81–21.34), knew more sexually transmitted infections (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.14–3.05), and mentioned more symptoms of sexually transmitted infections (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.18–2.85). The association between exposure to community health entrepreneurship and communities’ comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS was more ambiguous (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.97–1.67). To conclude, households living in areas where community health entrepreneurs were active had higher odds on using modern contraceptives and had more knowledge of modern contraceptive methods, sexually transmitted infections and symptoms of sexually transmitted infections. This study provides the first evidence supporting the role of community health entrepreneurship in providing rural communities with sexual and reproductive health care.