bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in the Duration of Survival of Patients with the Chronic Leukemias
Authors: FEINLEIB MANNING , MACMAHON BRIAN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Data on 649 white residents of Brooklyn first diagnosed as having chronic leukemia during the period 1943 to 1952 were obtained from hospital records. Diagnosis was based on marrow biopsy or autopsy in 65 per cent. Follow-up to January 1, 1958 was complete for 90.0 per cent (584) of the patients. The life table method and the method of maximum likelihood applied to the three parameter log-normal distribution were used to analyze survival trends of these patients.
The median duration of survival after diagnosis for the total sample was 11.65 months. Sixteen per cent of the patients survived longer than 43 months after diagnosis, and 9 per cent survived for five years. The mean duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 5.1 months.
Median durations were somewhat longer for females than for males and for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia than for those with chronic myelocytic leukemia. However, neither of these differences was statistically significant.
The duration of survival after diagnosis was significantly shorter for males and females with chronic myelocytic leukemia who were over 60 years of age than for any other age or diagnosis group. For patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, duration of survival was independent of age.
Duration of survival after diagnosis was independent of the duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis. The median duration of survival for a group of patients in whom the diagnosis was made during examination for symptoms referable to some other condition was similar to that of those presenting with symptoms clearly referable to leukemia.
Two groups by religion and ABO blood type showed significantly longer median durations of survival after diagnosis than comparable groups. Jewish women with chronic lymphocytic leukemia showed a median duration of survival of 21.1 months compared with 6.4 months for the non-Jewish women. Women with chronic myelocytic leukemia of type B or AB blood had median survivals after diagnosis of about 24 months, compared with about 10 months for the same groups with type A or O blood.
The Ultrastructure and Genesis of Auer Bodies
Authors: FREEMAN JAMES A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The light microscopic morphology, chemical composition, ultrasonic fractionation, ultracentrifugal separation and light absorption characteristics of Auer bodies have all been described. However, since the initial observations by John Auer in 1906 and until the advent of electron microscopy, few data have been added to elucidate the structure of these bodies. With the aid of the electron microscope, Auer bodies have been found to be coacervates of laminated, homogeneous, crystalline plaques with the long axis of the plaques in the same plane as the long axis of the rod. The ultracytologic resemblance between Auer bodies and cytoplasmic granulation supports previous histochemical evidence suggesting the genesis of Auer bodies from cytoplasmic granules.
Existing evidence indicates that the newly discovered fibrillar formation and the recently described granule-vacuole body are the same structure. Although histochemical studies show similarities between these structures and Auer bodies, they are architecturally unrelated and probably have distinctly different pathophysiologic significance.
Hereditary Spherocytosis in the Deer Mouse. Its Similarity to the Human Disease
Authors: ANDERSON R. , HUESTIS R. R. , MOTULSKY A. G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The hematologic and pathophysiologic consequences of a mutant recessive gene in the deer mouse produce features that are indistinguishable from hereditary spherocytosis in man. The syndrome in the mouse was characterized by neonatal jaundice, splenomegaly, spherocytosis and hemolytic disease which could be abolished by splenectomy. Red cell survival was shortened when the spleen was present and was normal or almost normal in splenectomized animals. Affected animals had a marked increase of gallstone formation at a young age. The intensity of neonatal jaundice as well as the tendency to gallstone formation among affected animals appeared to be under control of genetic modifiers. Hereditary spherocytosis in the mouse is identical pathophysiologically with the human syndrome, although inherited as a recessive trait. Biochemical heterogeneity and dominance modification are discussed as possible explanations for this genetic discrepancy.
Motility Studies of Human Postmortem Bone Marrow
Authors: PERRY VERNON P. , STEVENSON ROBERT E. , MCFARLAND WILLIAM , ZINK GEORGE A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The source of an adequate supply of human bone marrow for transplantation purposes presents a distinct problem. The use of cadaver marrow has been suggested.
Studies of 70 human cadaver bone marrow preparations obtained from 1.5 to over 102 hours postmortem were examined by tissue culture and photomicrographic technics to correlate the survival of leukocyte motility with the time postmortem.
Motile cells were present in marrow up to and including 50 hours after death, thus suggesting the possibility of using such marrow as a practical source of viable marrow cells.
Combined Deficiencies of PTA and AHG with Vascular Fragility
Authors: PERRY SEYMOUR , OPFELL RICHARD , BAKER MARY 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Coagulation studies in a 22 year old Caucasian male have revealed the presence of combined deficiencies of PTA and AHG with vascular fragility. Members of his family have been shown to have isolated deficiencies of PTA, AHG, vascular fragility and various combinations of all three defects. The family studies indicating segregation of the PTA and AHG deficiencies lend support to the concept that these two are clinically separate entities.
The inheritance patterns of PTA deficiencies and AHG deficiencies with vascular fragility are discussed.
The problems encountered in this type of study are mentioned, and the precautions to be observed are indicated.
Studies in Experimental Autoimmune Disorders. I. Clinical and Laboratory Features of Autoimmunization (Runt Disease) in the Mouse
Authors: OLINER HERMAN , SCHWARTZ ROBERT , DAMESHEK WILLIAM , Beldotti Lorraine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The graft vs. host reaction (runt disease) was studied in LAF1, BDF1, and BAF1, mice. The disease was induced by the injection of parental splenic tissue into adult recipients.
The F1 hybrid recipients developed weight loss, hair changes, dermatitis, hypothermia and splenomegaly. The laboratory features included hemolytic anemia with a positive antiglobulin test, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and abnormalities of their plasma electrophoretic patterns.
Certain similarities between runt disease and autoimmune diseases of man were suggested, and their significance was discussed.
Reticuloendothelial Clearance of Blood Thromboplastin by Rats
Authors: SPAET THEODORE H. , HOROWITZ HERBERT I. , ZUCKER-FRANKLIN DOROTHEA , CINTRON JOSE , BIEZENSKI JERZY J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Data have been presented suggesting that blood thromboplastin given intravenously to rats is cleared by the reticuloendothelial system. (1) The reagent given into the jugular vein or aorta caused profound defibrination, whereas injection into the portal circulation caused a milder reaction. These differences were obtained irrespective of the source of phosphatide in the thromboplastin generation mixture. (2) Reticuloendothelial blockade reduced the protective effect of portal administration. (3) Radioactive blood thromboplastin given intravenously was rapidly cleared from the blood, and showed an organ distribution resembling that of agents known to be removed by reticuloendothelial cells. (4) Injection of the blood thromboplastin during a carbon clearance caused depression of the carbon disappearance slope.
Uric Acid Excretion in Patients with Malignant Lymphomas
Authors: PRIMIKIRIOS N. , STUTZMAN L. , SANDBERG A. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Uric acid blood and urine studies were performed in 12 patients with lymphomas while on a measured low purine diet before, during and after cytotoxic therapy.
Before treatment, urinary uric acid excretion in these patients was significantly higher than in normal subjects, although only 2 patients had clearly elevated blood uric acid levels. There was no correlation between the estimated size of the tumor masses and pretreatment uric acid excretion. The response to treatment could not have been predicted by measurement of the pretreatment uric acid excretion.
In one patient with extensive tumor infiltration of the kidneys, dangerous renal failure, preceded by marked hyperuricemia, developed during therapy. Mechanical hemodialysis resulted in clinical improvement and marked reduction in the blood levels of uric acid and urea.
The finding of a large increase in uric acid excretion during the early days of treatment of a patient with lymphoma is indicative of a responsive tumor. Such data also serve as warning of potential obstructive uric acid nephropathy or uropathy before major increases in serum uric acid appear. Small increases of uric acid excretion in association with treatment could not be correlated with objective clinical response.
Measurement of Absorption of Vitamin B12 by Whole-Body Gamma Spectrometry
Authors: REIZENSTEIN P. G. , CRONKITE EUGENE P. , COHN S. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A technic is described to measure directly the intestinal absorption of radiovitamin B12 by using a whole-body gamma spectrometer. A double tracer technic is used, and the amounts of free and intrinsic factor bound vitamin B12, respectively, retained in the body after final excretion of unabsorbed radioactivity, are measured. The results are in agreement with those previously obtained by other methods. The present method is simple and quantitative.
The primary advantage of the whole-body counter for measuring absorption of Cobalt-labeled B12 is that it can measure less than 0.1 µc. with a high degree of accuracy. Whole-body counting substitutes a rapid and simple measurement for the difficult and tedious collection and radiochemical analysis of excreta.
Hemoglobin "Pylos": Study of a Hemoglobinopathy Resembling Thalassemia in the Heterozygous, Homozygous and Double Heterozygous State
Authors: FESSAS PHAEDON , STAMATOYANNOPOULOS GEORGES , KARAKLIS ARIS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Eight Greek families are reported in which an hereditary hemoglobin abnormality was present. The abnormal hemoglobin is provisionally called Hgb "Pylos" (= Lepore?) and its properties are described. The pattern of inheritance suggests a one gene effect.
In the heterozygous state the abnormality manifests itself by the presence of low amounts of Hgb "Pylos", low amounts of Hgb A2 and mild increase of Hgb F together with quantitative and qualitative alterations of the red cells as observed in thalassemia trait. In one homozygous individual, complete absence of Hgb A and Hgb A2 as well as very high amounts of Hgb F were observed, together with a clinical and hematologic picture resembling overt thalassemia. The combination with A2-thalassemia was observed in five cases and manifested itself by a clinical and hematologic picture of rather moderately severe thalassemia, by complete absence of Hgb A and by predominance of Hgb F. In both the homozygote and the double heterozygotes the amount of Hgb "Pylos" was within the range found for heterozygotes. The findings are discussed and it is concluded that the abnormal gene is allelomorphic to the gene controlling synthesis of β-chains; however, it appears to affect concomitantly the synthesis of δ-chains. The possible interpretations of this double effect are presented.
Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura ("ITP" Type) with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: EBBE SHIRLEY , WITTELS BENJAMIN , DAMESHEK WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Five cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia complicated by thrombocytopenic purpura are presented. They differed from the usual cases with this complication in that megakaryocytes were plentiful in spite of leukemic involvement of the bone marrow. Hypersplenism did not appear to be a factor.
The evidence suggests that the thrombocytopenia was of an autoimmune nature, due to antiplatelet antibodies. Brief platelet survival times, the presence of a platelet agglutinin, staining of megakaryocytes by fluorescein-labeled anti-human globulin, and responses to corticosteroids were demonstrated.
Myelogenous Leukemia in the Rat
Authors: MOLONEY WILLIAM C. , DORR ANDREW D. , DOWD GERALDINE , BOSCHETTI ANTONIO E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Observations on growth and other characteristics of subcutaneously transplanted chloroleukemia in non-inbred rats have been described in this report. This chloroleukemia cytologically is an acute or subacute, not chronic, myelogenous leukemia. Because of serious immunologic differences, the experimental usefulness of subtransferred chloroleukemia is greatly limited. However, myelogenous leukemia in the rat, induced by chemical agents or ionizing radiation, may offer a valuable approach to the study of leukemogenic mechanisms.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Childhood
Authors: MACWHINNEY JAMES B. , PACKER JAMES T. , MILLER GERALD , GREENDYKE ROBERT M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
(1) Two cases of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) occurring in childhood are described. Case 1 is unique in that the patient survived for 12 years.
(2) The clinical features of 19 reported cases of TTP in children are reviewed.
(3) The presence of morphologic abnormalities of red blood cells and the regular occurrence of kidney involvement in this disorder is emphasized. In one patient (Case 2), histologic changes of the disease were limited to the kidney.
(4) Certain hematologic and histologic features shared by TTP and eclampsia are described.
(5) Unusual histologic lesions of renal vessels are described.
The Morphologic Responses of the Lymphoid System to Homografts. I. First and Second Set Responses in Normal Rabbits
Authors: ANDRÉ JANINE A. , SCHWARTZ ROBERT S. , MITUS W. J. , DAMESHEK WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The morphologic responses of the lymphoid system of the rabbit were studied. The results demonstrated: (a) the proliferation of a characteristic cell, the "hemocytoblast", within lymphoid centers; (b) architectural changes in lymph nodes and spleen, at first characterized by enlargement of follicles and germinal centers, later by effacement of normal landmarks and finally by reconstitution of lymphatic structures; (c) a barely perceptible plasmocytic response, especially in the first set reaction.
These changes, although most pronounced in the lymph node proximal to the homograft, were also found later in distant lymph nodes and in the spleen.
They arose more rapidly, were of greater intensity and were more persistent in the second set reaction than in the first set reaction. These findings indicated that transplantation immunity eventually invokes generalized morphologic changes in the lymphoid system. The events which followed a second set graft suggested that the second set phenomenon had the features of an anamnestic response.
The Effect of Phytohemagglutinin on Leukocyte Cultures as Measured by P32 Incorporation in the DNA, RNA, and Acid Soluble Fractions
Authors: MCINTYRE O. ROSS , EBAUGH FRANKLIN G. , Vaules Martha P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
PHA, when added to human leukocyte cultures, results in DNA synthesis and cell mitosis. The addition to these cultures of fetal calf serum, indole-acetic acid, kinetin, estrogens, or a small clot did not duplicate the effect of PHA. Concentrations of chloramphenicol 3.05 x 10-3 M, diphenylhydantoin 5 x 10-5 M, and 6-mercaptopurine 1.3 x 10-3 M resulted in inhibition of growth. Possible mechanisms of action of PHA have been considered. In addition, the possible use of the method described as an in vitro means of evaluating drug sensitivity in leukemia has been suggested.
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis in Acrylamide Gel
Authors: FERRIS THOMAS G. , EASTERLING ROBERT E. , BUDD RICHARD E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method for hemoglobin electrophoresis is described, using acrylamide gel as the supporting media. The advantages and characteristics of this gel are mentioned. Clear and distinct separations of hemoglobin types obtained after 60 minutes electrophoresis in a vertical cell are illustrated. It is felt that the use of this gel affords a simple and rapid method for the detection and quantitation of hemoglobin abnormalities.
THROMBOCYTIC ACROANGIOTHROMBOSIS (PLATELET THROMBOSIS OF THE CAPILLARIES, ARTERIOLES, AND VENULES)
Authors: FITZGERALD PATRICK J. , AUERBACH OSCAR , FRAME EUGENE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It is believed that there is a definite disease syndrome characterized clinically by fever, marked anemia, purpura, thrombocytopenia, central nervous system involvement, and a progressive fatal course of a few weeks’ duration. Histologically the presence of platelet thrombi in the capillaries, arterioles, and venules is pathognomonic. Only by histologic demonstration of the platelet thrombi can the disease be definitely differentiated from idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
The data of 9 previously reported cases of this rare disease are summarized and 2 additional cases reported.
Diagnosis of the disease probably can be made by bone marrow biopsy or, possibly, by skin biopsy. If a case be diagnosed and the patient is not responding to conservative treatment it is suggested that splenectomy be considered.
Spleens removed for thrombopenic diseases should be examined for platelet thrombi in the possibility that unrecognized cases of the disease have been treated by this procedure. Proper evaluation of splenectomy in this disease might be aided by follow-up study of any cases showing platelet thrombi.
The name "thrombocytic acroangiothrombosis" is suggested for this disease.
Congenital hypoplastic anemia associated with multiple developmental defects (Fanconi syndrome)
Authors: ESTREN S. , SUESS JOHN F. , DAMESHEK WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The following information has been received from Dr. Solomon Estren. On page 92, volume II, Blood (January 1947) in the article, "Congenital hypoplastic anemia associated with multiple developmental defects (Fanconi syndrome)," by Estren, Suess, and Dameshek, the second paragraph on the page concludes with the statement: "Death here also occurred three years later." This should have read: "This patient is living and well seven years after the operation (personal communication, Dr. J. V. Dacie5)."
Regulation of Erythropoiesis. I. Erythropoietin Assay as a Clinical Tool
Authors: NOYES WARD D. , DOMM BILL M. , WILLIS LORETTA C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An erythropoietin assay using hypertransfused rats and radioiron utilization has been evaluated in regard to modifying factors and its variability. It is proposed that the dose-response relationship may be regarded as an adsorptive process which suggests new investigative approaches in terms of hormone binding sites and erythropoietin inhibition.
Elevated levels of erythropoietin were found in 14 of 16 patients with refractory anemia indicating a basic defect in the response of the erythroid marrow. The two exceptions are of great theoretical interest, but insufficient information limits further conclusions. Patients with hypoxic polycythemia demonstrated increased levels only when their compensatory equilibrium had been modified by phlebotomy. Seven patients with polycythemia vera had erythropoietin levels within the normal range whether or not therapy had modified their red cell mass. This is further evidence that polycythemia vera is a proliferative disorder usurping the normal regulation. The clinical use of erythropoietin assay may provide the most information when correlated with alterations of oxygen-carrying capacity as a functional test of the patient’s erythropoietic regulatory mechanism.
Studies in Bisalbuminemia: Binding Properties of the Two Albumins
Authors: SARCIONE EDWARD J. , AUNGST C. WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. An abnormal serum protein pattern in a patient with Wegener’s granulomatosis and five of his relatives was identified as bisalbuminemia by electrophoretic and immunochemical methods.
2. With the exception of the patient with Wegener’s syndrome, the presence of bisalbuminemia was not associated with a significant change in total serum proteins, total albumin, serum components other than albumin, or any disease.
3. Addition of I131-thyroxine to bisalbumin sera resulted in thyroxine binding by albumin B but not by albumin A. The failure of albumin A to bind added I131-thyroxine leads to speculation that, in this family, neither albumin A nor B are identical to normal human serum albumin.
The Antigenicity of the Rho (Du) Blood Factor
Authors: SCHMIDT PAUL J. , MORRISON ELEANOR C. , SHOHL JANE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The antigenicity of the Rh variant Rho(Du) was investigated by the transfusion of 45 Rh negative (cde/cde) patients with 68 units of "low grade" Rho (Du) blood of the phenotypes Rho(ccDuee) or Rh2(ccDuE). The donor red cells had normal viability; none of the patients made antibodies to Rho(D) or Rho(Du).
The results indicate that the inherited, "low grade" Rho(Du) factor is far less antigenic than Rho(D). It was also less antigenic than Kell or rh'' (E) in this study. It remains possible that this variant will prove to be antigenic in some recipients, but the hazard from this is undoubtedly much less than has been expected.
The Use of Radioactive Antiglobulin for the Detection of Erythrocyte Sensitization
Authors: COSTEA NICOLAS , SCHWARTZ ROBERT , CONSTANTOULAKIS MATTHEW , DAMESHEK WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Red cell sensitization by either agglutinating or incomplete antibodies was detected with an I131 labeled rabbit antihuman globulin serum (RAG). Nonspecific absorption of RAG by red cells was reduced to a minimum by the addition of 6 per cent bovine albumin. The reactions between RAG and the sensitized erythrocytes were typical of antigen-antibody reactions and the sensitivity of the test was found to be greater than the standard Coombs test. Quantitative studies of the degree of erythrocyte sensitization by isoimmune or autoimmune antibodies were possible with this technic.
The Chediák-Higashi Syndrome
Authors: PAGE ARTHUR R. , BERENDES HEINZ , WARNER JOHN , GOOD ROBERT A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Two siblings with the Chediák-Higashi syndrome are reported. One, a three-year-old boy, died with malignant lymphoma; the other, a six-year-old girl, is alive and well.
2. Results of studies of white blood cell function and antibody production were normal, indicating that the increased susceptibility to infection of some Chediák-Higashi syndrome patients is probably not attributable to abnormal leukocytes or to deficient antibody production.
3. Results of investigations of some aspects of tryptophan metabolism indicated an interesting, unique, and as yet unexplained absence of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the peripheral blood.
4. A review of the reported cases of Chediák-Higashi syndrome indicates that these patients have a striking predisposition to a peculiar type of malignant lymphoma.
5. An unusual perivascular infiltrate of histiocytes has been noted in postmortem sections of brain of patients with this anomaly. It is not clear whether this is a manifestation of the malignant lymphoma or a reflection of the basic disease process.