bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons learned from a hospital‐wide review of blood stream infections for paediatric central line‐associated blood stream infection prevention
Authors: Campbell Anita J , Blyth Christopher C , Hewison Christopher J , Chen Yu‐Ping , Gough Leanne , Goff Zoy , Bowen Asha C 
Published: October 2018

AimBacteraemia episodes were assessed to calculate a hospital‐wide central line‐associated blood stream infection (CLABSI) rate per 1000 catheter‐days. Secondary objectives were to describe risk factors, microbiology and outcomes of children with CLABSI.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted at an Australian tertiary paediatric hospital in children <18 years who had blood culture sampling during the 2‐year period, 2014–2015. All blood culture results were extracted from the hospital's laboratory information system. National Healthcare Safety Network Centres for Disease Control and Prevention definitions for bacteraemia classification were used. Central venous access device (CVAD) insertion and removal dates were obtained from a surgical electronic database and anaesthetic records and then manually validated.ResultsOf 11 774 processed blood culture bottles, 207 episodes of blood stream infection were observed. Eighty‐five (41%) episodes were community‐acquired bacteraemia (CA‐B) and 122 (59%) health care‐associated bacteraemia (HA‐B), of which 73 (35%) were CLABSI. The hospital‐wide CLABSI rate was 0.62 per 1000 catheter‐days (95% confidence interval: 0.49–0.77). Conditions associated with CLABSI were malignancy (n = 45, 62%) and gastrointestinal failure (n = 6, 8%). Thirty‐three (45%) CLABSI episodes developed in an outpatient setting.ConclusionsHA‐B has a significant impact on child health, exceeding the number of CA‐B at our hospital. Children with CVADs are vulnerable in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. Collecting robust data for a hospital‐wide CLABSI rate is important to understand the full spectrum of paediatric CLABSI. The value of validating data using both electronic and manual methods is demonstrated.
Therapeutic potential of melatonin related to its role as an autophagy regulator: A review
Authors: Boga Jose A. , Caballero Beatriz , Potes Yaiza , Perez‐Martinez Zulema , Reiter Russel J. , Vega‐Naredo Ignacio , Coto‐Montes Ana 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThere are several pathologies, syndromes, and physiological processes in which autophagy is involved. This process of self‐digestion that cells trigger as a survival mechanism is complex and tightly regulated, according to the homeostatic conditions of the organ. However, in all cases, its relationship with oxidative stress alterations is evident, following a pathway that suggests endoplasmic reticulum stress and/or mitochondrial changes. There is accumulating evidence of the beneficial role that melatonin has in the regulation and restoration of damaged autophagic processes. In this review, we focus on major physiological changes such as aging and essential pathologies including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, viral infections and obesity, and document the essential role of melatonin in the regulation of autophagy in each of these different situations.
Effects of L‐methionine on performance, gut morphology and antioxidant status in gut and liver of piglets in relation to DL‐methionine
Authors: Zeitz Johanna O. , Kaltenböck Susanne , Most Erika , Eder Klaus 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the hypothesis that dietary supplementation of L‐methionine (L‐Met) in weaned piglets in relation to DL‐methionine (DL‐Met) results in a higher antioxidant status and lower need for antioxidant enzyme activation in intestinal epithelium and body tissues, and improves gut morphology and gut barrier function as well as performance. A total of 99 early‐weaned 21‐day old piglets were allotted to six groups and fed a semi‐synthetic wheat–barley‐based basal diet supplemented with 0.067%, 0.107% and 0.147% of either DL‐Met (MetAmino; Evonik, Hanau, Germany) or L‐Met (L‐Met100; CJ Europe, Schwalbach am Taunus, Germany) to reach dietary Met concentrations of 0.16%, 0.20% and 0.24%, of which the latter met the requirements for maintenance and growth based on a pre‐experiment. Feed intake and body weights were recorded weekly, and samples of plasma, liver and duodenum and jejunum mucosa were collected after 3 weeks at slaughter. Plasma concentrations of L‐Met were similar, and those of D‐Met and total Met were higher in piglets fed DL‐Met in relation to those fed L‐Met. Feed intake, daily gains and feed:gain ratio, and the relative bio‐efficacy based on gains and feed:gain ratio were similar for both groups. Likewise, villi length, crypt depth, the villi length:crypt depth ratio in duodenum and jejunum and gene expression of tight junction proteins in the jejunum did not differ. Concentrations of antioxidants like glutathione and tocopherol, the total antioxidant capacity, the mRNA abundance or activity of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, markers for oxidative damage of lipids and the expression of inflammatory genes were similar in liver and jejunum mucosa. These data indicate that the effects of L‐Met and DL‐Met supplementation are comparable considering both piglet performance and parameters of gut health and function like gut morphology and the intestinal antioxidant status.
Assessment of microRNA‐146a in generalized aggressive periodontitis and its association with disease severity
Authors: Ghotloo S. , Motedayyen H. , Amani D. , Saffari M. , Sattari M. 
Published: October 2018

Background and ObjectiveMicroRNA‐146a (miR‐146a) is a small noncoding RNA that plays a critical role in the negative regulation of the innate immune response, and the dysregulation of miR‐146a has been associated with several inflammatory disorders. In generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) the degree of clinical inflammation appears to be similar to that of chronic periodontitis, and, in this situation, age of onset and family history are important additional criteria for diagnosis. This study was performed to evaluate the level of miR‐146a expressed in gingival tissues of patients with GAgP and its association with disease severity.Material and MethodsGingival samples from 18 patients with GAgP and 10 healthy subjects were collected and the level of miR‐146a and its targets, including necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukin‐1beta, and interleukin‐6, were assessed using real‐time PCR.Clinical parameters, including probing depth and clinical attachment loss, were measured and their correlations with the level of miR‐146a were determined.ResultsOur results demonstrated an elevation in the level of miR‐146a expressed in patients with GAgP compared with healthy controls (P < .001), which was directly associated with disease severity (P < .05). Overexpression of miR‐146a was accompanied by a reduction in the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that there is an association between miR‐146a and GAgP and imply that miR‐146a may serve as an indicator of periodontal disease severity. However, further studies and additional information are required to confirm this relationship and the precise role of miR‐146a in the development and/or progression of periodontitis.
Estimation of liver fibrosis by noncommercial serum markers in comparison with transient elastography in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection receiving direct‐acting antiviral treatment
Authors: Knop Viola , Hofmann Wolf P. , Buggisch Peter , Klinker Hartwig , Mauss Stefan , Günther Rainer , Hinrichsen Holger , Hüppe Dietrich , Pfeiffer‐Vornkahl Heike , Simon Karl‐Georg , Berg Thomas , Manns Michael P. , Friedrich‐Rust Mireen ,   German Hepatitis C‐Registry
Published: October 2018

SummaryTreatment decisions are based on extent of fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection. Noninvasive diagnostic tools may help to avoid liver biopsy. We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of noncommercial serum scores in comparison with transient elastography (TE). Data analysis was undertaken based on 2458 patients enrolled in the German Hepatitis C Registry, in a prospective, observational study. Aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI), FORNS index and FIB‐4 score were calculated and the diagnostic accuracy was compared to TE. As estimated by TE, 955 (38.9%) patients had absence of significant fibrosis (SF), 736 (29.9%) patients had SF, and 767 (31.2%) patients were shown to have cirrhosis. Patients with absence of SF had a sustained virological response (SVR) rate of 97.9%, whereas SVR was attained in 96.2% and 92.2% in those with SF and cirrhosis, respectively (P < 0.0001). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivity and specificity in discriminating of SF were 0.789, 0.596 and 0.939 by APRI; 0.838, 0.852 and 0.748 by FORNS index; and 0.828, 0.658 and 0.946 by FIB‐4 score. AUROCs for the prediction of cirrhosis, sensitivity and specificity were 0.881, 0.851 and 0.854 by APRI; 0.846, 0.948 and 0.628 by FORNS index; and 0.907, 0.907 and 0.848 by FIB‐4 score. In conclusion, in the present multicentre real‐world cohort, SF and cirrhosis were predicted with high accuracy with noncommercial serum markers using TE as reference. Further prospective long‐term follow‐up is necessary to compare biomarkers with TE concerning liver‐related outcome and overall mortality.
Survival after diagnosis of hypertension in cats attending primary care practice in the United Kingdom
Authors: Conroy Megan , Chang Yu‐Mei , Brodbelt Dave , Elliott Jonathan 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundHypertension is common in older cats. There is limited evidence for predictors of survival after diagnosis.Hypothesis/ObjectivesInvestigate blood pressure assessment (BPA) and hypertension diagnosis in cats attending UK primary care practices (PCPs) and factors that influence survival.AnimalsCats (347 889) attending 244 UK PCPs enrolled in the VetCompass program between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2013. Cats identified as hypertensive (282) were included in descriptive and survival analyses.MethodsAll electronic patient records (EPRs) were searched to identify cats that potentially had received BPA. EPRs were read in detail to identify those that had BPA. The proportion that received BPA was evaluated using a stratified analysis and the incidence of hypertension estimated. A retrospective cohort study was used to investigate survival after diagnosis (Cox proportional hazard model).ResultsEstimated incidence risk was 19.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.5‐21.6) from the estimated 1.34% (1.30%‐1.38%) of cats that received BPA. Few cats had BPA more than once after diagnosis (median, 1; interquartile range [IQR], 0‐3), with only 9.9% of diagnosed hypertensive cats having urine protein:creatinine ratio determined. Cats diagnosed as a result of monitoring of pre‐existing disease had improved survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.37‐0.89; P = .01) compared to cats diagnosed after clinical signs were recognized. Cats that had an amlodipine dose change had improved survival (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.36‐0.87; P = .01) compared to those with no dose change.Conclusions and clinical importanceThese data suggest improved blood pressure monitoring in clinical practice may decrease the morbidity associated with hypertension.
Juvenile‐onset polyneuropathy in American Staffordshire Terriers
Authors: Vandenberghe Hélène , Escriou Catherine , Rosati Marco , Porcarelli Laura , Recio Caride Alfredo , Añor Sonia , Gandini Gualtiero , Corlazzoli Daniele , Thibaud Jean‐Laurent , Matiasek Kaspar , Blot Stéphane 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe only hereditary neurologic disorder described so far in American Staffordshire Terriers is adult‐onset cerebellar degeneration secondary to ceroid lipofuscinosis. We have seen several dogs with a newly recognized neurological disease characterized by locomotor weakness with or without respiratory signs and juvenile onset consistent with degenerative polyneuropathy of genetic origin.ObjectivesTo characterize a novel polyneuropathy in juvenile American Staffordshire Terriers.AnimalsFourteen American Staffordshire Terriers presented with clinical signs consistent with juvenile‐onset polyneuropathy at 5 veterinary hospitals between May 2005 and July 2017.MethodsCase series. Dogs were included retrospectively after a diagnosis of degenerative polyneuropathy had been confirmed by nerve biopsy. Clinical, pathological, electrophysiological, histological data, and outcome were reviewed and a pedigree analysis performed.ResultsAll dogs displayed clinical signs of neuromuscular disease with generalized motor and sensory involvement, associated with focal signs of laryngeal paralysis (10/14 dogs) and megaesophagus (1/14 dogs). Histopathological findings were consistent with degenerative polyneuropathy. Follow‐up was available for 11 dogs, and 3 dogs were euthanized shortly after diagnosis. In these 11 dogs, the disease was slowly progressive and the animals maintained good quality of life with ability to walk. Pedigree analysis was mostly consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceJuvenile polyneuropathy, associated with laryngeal paralysis, is a newly described entity in American Staffordshire Terriers, and results from degenerative neuropathy. When surgery for laryngeal paralysis is performed, lifespan may be similar to that of normal dogs even though affected dogs have locomotor disturbance.
Keeping mum in clinical supervision: private thoughts and public judgements
Authors: Scarff Catherine E , Bearman Margaret , Chiavaroli Neville , Trumble Steve 
Published: October 2018

ContextThe seemingly obvious claim that people prefer to keep mum about undesirable messages – termed ‘the MUM effect’ – was initially reported in the psychology literature in the 1970s. More recently, it has been discussed in contexts including performance appraisals and the reporting of unsuccessful projects in workplace settings, but only sparsely in educational ones. We wished to review the published literature on the MUM effect in order to understand the implications for clinical assessment.MethodsWe performed a narrative literature review on the MUM effect and clustered findings together into three themes: those that describe what MUM behaviours look like, those that explore potential reasons for the MUM effect and those that consider factors that can influence MUM behaviours.ResultsThis paper summarises the extensive literature on the MUM effect, including its manifestations and modifiers and discusses how the effect may be used to consider issues faced by many clinical supervisors faced with delivering ‘negative’ assessment messages to trainees.DiscussionWe suggest, that as a pervasive phenomenon, the MUM effect can both help to explain the difficulties that some assessors face when delivering undesirable messages (including feedback or ratings) and offer new insights in how to deal with such issues.
A Meloidogyne graminicola C‐type lectin, Mg01965, is secreted into the host apoplast to suppress plant defence and promote parasitism
Authors: Zhuo Kan , Naalden Diana , Nowak Silke , Xuan Huy Nguyen , Bauters Lander , Gheysen Godelieve 
Published: October 2018

SummaryC‐type lectins (CTLs), a class of multifunctional proteins, are numerous in nematodes. One CTL gene, Mg01965, shown to be expressed in the subventral glands, especially in the second‐stage juveniles of the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola, was further analysed in this study. In vitro RNA interference targeting Mg01965 in the preparasitic juveniles significantly reduced their ability to infect host plant roots. Immunolocalizations showed that Mg01965 is secreted by M. graminicola into the roots during the early parasitic stages and accumulates in the apoplast. Transient expression of Mg01965 in Nicotiana benthamiana and targeting it to the apoplast suppressed the burst of reactive oxygen species triggered by flg22. The CTL Mg01965 suppresses plant innate immunity in the host apoplast, promoting nematode parasitism in the early infection stages.
The diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: Two steps forward, one step backwards?
Authors: Di Stefano Michele , Quigley Eamonn M. M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSmall intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) was originally described decades ago as a cause of malabsorption among individuals with abnormal intestinal anatomy and/or impaired gastric acid secretion and intestinal motor functions. More recently, the concept of SIBO has been expanded to explain symptoms among a much broader patient population—a move that brings the definition of SIBO into much sharper focus. For largely logistical reasons, breath tests and, especially, those based on the excretion of hydrogen consequent on the fermentation of unabsorbed carbohydrate substrates, have almost entirely replaced jejunal aspirates in the diagnosis of SIBO. Ever bedeviled by concerns regarding their reliability, hydrogen breath tests have now come under even more critical scrutiny with the study from Sundin and colleagues in this issue suggesting that their sole function is to detect carbohydrate malabsorption and that they are incapable of defining SIBO.
A critical evaluation of the role of ethylene and MADS transcription factors in the network controlling fleshy fruit ripening
Authors: Li Shan , Chen Kunsong , Grierson Don 
Published: October 2018

Contents

Summary
1724

I.
Introduction
1725

II.
Ripening genes
1725

III.
The importance of ethylene in controlling ripening
1727

IV.
The importance of MADS‐RIN in controlling ripening
1729

V.
Interactions between components of the ripening regulatory network
1734

VI.
Conclusions
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Acknowledgements
1738

Author contributions
1738

References
1738

SummaryUnderstanding the regulation of fleshy fruit ripening is biologically important and provides insights and opportunities for controlling fruit quality, enhancing nutritional value for animals and humans, and improving storage and waste reduction. The ripening regulatory network involves master and downstream transcription factors (TFs) and hormones. Tomato is a model for ripening regulation, which requires ethylene and master TFs including NAC‐NOR and the MADS‐box protein MADS‐RIN. Recent functional characterization showed that the classical RIN‐MC gene fusion, previously believed to be a loss‐of‐function mutation, is an active TF with repressor activity. This, and other evidence, has highlighted the possibility that MADS‐RIN itself is not important for ripening initiation but is required for full ripening. In this review, we discuss the diversity of components in the control network, their targets, and how they interact to control initiation and progression of ripening. Both hormones and individual TFs affect the status and activity of other network participants, which changes overall network signaling and ripening outcomes. MADS‐RIN, NAC‐NOR and ethylene play critical roles but there are still unanswered questions about these and other TFs. Further attention should be paid to relationships between ethylene, MADS‐RIN and NACs in ripening control.
Combination of Tests for Cointegration in Cross‐Correlated Panels
Authors: Werkmann Verena 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, Cheng and Sheng's (2017) combination of ‘combinations of P‐values’ (CCP) is extended to a combination of more than two tests and applied for cointegration testing in cross‐correlated panels. In a Monte Carlo experiment, power and size of the different combinations of combinations are investigated. If uncertainty about the panel configuration is taken into account, the results indicate that a multi‐test combination can minimize power losses. Furthermore, the usefulness of the combinations studied is illustrated by an application to international interest rate linkage. Cross‐sectional dependencies in both the simulation and the empirical studies are accounted for by using the block bootstrap.
The prognostic value of immune checkpoints in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sieviläinen Meri , Almahmoudi Rabeia , Al‐Samadi Ahmed , Salo Tuula , Pirinen Matti , Almangush Alhadi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite the importance of immune checkpoints in immunotherapy, the prognostic value of these molecules remains controversial in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We performed a systematic review to investigate the prognostic significance of the immune checkpoints in OSCC.MaterialsA systematic search was conducted in Ovid Medline, Scopus and Cochrane libraries, and all studies that evaluated the prognostic significance of immune checkpoints in OSCC were systematically retrieved.ResultsTwelve immune checkpoints/modulators were studied for their prognostic values in OSCC patients between 1985 and 2017. Seven immune checkpoints (FKBP51, B7‐H4, B7‐H6, ALHD1, PD‐L1, B7‐H3 and IDO1) were reported to be associated with poor patients’ survival in at least one study, and five (CTLA‐4, TLT‐2, VISTA, PD‐L2 and PD‐1) did not have a significant prognostic value. PD‐L1 results were controversial as it was reported to be associated with both better and worse patients’ survival.ConclusionsEven though immune checkpoint markers had high expectation for OSCC prognostication, our systematic review revealed that the majority of them had been studied only once. The other molecules, which had been studied more than once, had controversial findings, except B7‐H3.
Two‐tier morpho‐chemical defence tactic inAethionemavia fruit morph plasticity and glucosinolates allocation in diaspores
Authors: Bhattacharya Samik , Mayland‐Quellhorst Sara , Müller Caroline , Mummenhoff Klaus 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFruit dimorphism and the production of glucosinolates (GSLs) are two specific life history traits found in the members of Brassicales, which aid to optimize seed dispersal and defence against antagonists, respectively. We hypothesized that the bipartite dispersal strategy demands a tight control over the production of fruit morphs with expectedly differential allocation of defensive anticipins (GSLs). In dimorphicAethionema, herbivory byPlutella xylostellaat a young stage triggered the production of more dehiscent (seeds released from fruit) than indehiscent fruit morphs (seeds enclosed within persistent pericarp) on the same plant upon maturity. Total GSL concentrations were highest in the mature seeds of dehiscent fruits fromAethionema arabicumandAethionemasaxatileamong the different ontogenetic stages of the diaspores. Multivariate analyses of GSL profiles indicated significantly higher concentrations of specific indole GSLs in the diaspores, which require optimal defence after dispersal (i.e., seeds of dehiscent and fruit/pericarp of indehiscent fruit). Bioassays with a potentially coinhabitant fungus,Aspergillus quadrilineatus, support the distinct defensive potential of the diaspores corresponding to their GSL allocation. These findings indicate a two‐tier morpho‐chemical defence tactic ofAethionemavia better protected fruit morphs and strategic provision of GSLs that optimize protection to the progeny for survival in nature.