bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital versus conventional techniques for pattern fabrication of implant-supported frameworks
Authors: Alikhasi Marzieh , Rohanian Ahmad , Ghodsi Safoura , Kolde Amin Mohammadpour 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this experimental study was to compare retention of frameworks cast from wax patterns fabricated by three different methods. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six implant analogs connected to one-piece abutments were divided randomly into three groups according to the wax pattern fabrication method (n = 12). Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milling machine, three-dimensional printer, and conventional technique were used for fabrication of waxing patterns. All laboratory procedures were performed by an expert-reliable technician to eliminate intra-operator bias. The wax patterns were cast, finished, and seated on related abutment analogs. The number of adjustment times was recorded and analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test. Frameworks were cemented on the corresponding analogs with zinc phosphate cement and tensile resistance test was used to measure retention value. Statistical Analysis Used: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical analysis. Level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean retentive values of 680.36 ± 21.93 N, 440.48 ± 85.98 N, and 407.23 ± 67.48 N were recorded for CAD/CAM, rapid prototyping, and conventional group, respectively. One-way ANOVA test revealed significant differences among the three groups (P < 0.001). The post hoc Tukey test showed significantly higher retention for CAD/CAM group (P < 0.001), while there was no significant difference between the two other groups (P = 0.54). CAD/CAM group required significantly more adjustments (P < 0.001). Conclusions: CAD/CAM-fabricated wax patterns showed significantly higher retention for implant-supported cement-retained frameworks; this could be a valuable help when there are limitations in the retention of single-unit implant restorations.
Antimicrobial efficacy of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine, and ozonated water as irrigants in mesiobuccal root canals with severe curvature of mandibular molars
Authors: Pinheiro Sergio Luiz , Silva Caio Cesar da , Silva Lucas Augusto da , Cicotti Marina P. , Bueno Carlos Eduardo da Silveira , Fontana Carlos Eduardo , Pagrion Letícia R. , Dalmora Natália P. , Daque Thaís T. , Campos Francisco UF de 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine, and ozonated water on biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans in mesiobuccal root canals with severe curvature of mandibular molars. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental ex vivo study in microbiologic laboratory. Sixty mesiobuccal root canals with severe curvature of mandibular molars were contaminated with standard strains of E. faecalis, S. mutans, and C. albicans. The specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 15) according to irrigating solution: SH: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite; CH: 2% chlorhexidine; O3: ozonated water; and control: double-distilled water. The mesiobuccal root canals of all groups were instrumented with the WaveOne Gold Primary reciprocating system. Three cycles of instrumentation with three short in-and-out brushing motions were performed: (1) in the coronal third, (2) in the middle third, and (3) in the apical third of the canal. A ProGlider file was used before the first cycle. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Samples were collected for viable bacterial counts before and after instrumentation. Results: All groups showed significant biofilm reduction after irrigation (P < 0.01). After instrumentation, sodium hypochlorite (98.07%), chlorhexidine (98.31%), and ozonated water (98.02%) produced a significantly reduction in bacterial counts compared with double-distilled water (control, 72.98%) (P < 0.01). Conclusion: All irrigants tested in this study showed similar antimicrobial activity. Thus, ozonated water may be an option for microbial reduction in the root canal system.
Atmospheric water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) in the eastern Mediterranean: origin and ramifications regarding marine productivity
Authors: Nehir Münevver , Koçak Mustafa 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Aerosol and rain sampling in two size fractions was carried out at a rural site located
on the coast of the eastern Mediterranean, Erdemli, Turkey
(36∘33′54′′ N, 34∘15′18′′ E). A total of 674
aerosol samples in two size fractions (337 coarse, 337 fine) and 23
rain samples were collected between March 2014 and April 2015. Samples were
analyzed for NO3-, NH4+ and ancillary water-soluble ions
using ion chromatography and water-soluble total nitrogen (WSTN) by applying a
high-temperature combustion method. The mean aerosol water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) was
23.8 ± 16.3 nmol N m−3, reaching a maximum of
79 nmol N m−3, with about 66 % being associated with coarse
particles. The volume weighted mean (VWM) concentration of WSON in rain was
21.5 µmol N L−1. The WSON contributed 37 and 29 % to the
WSTN in aerosol and rainwater, respectively. Aerosol WSON concentrations
exhibited large temporal variation, mainly due to meteorology and the origin
of air mass flow. The highest mean aerosol WSON concentration was observed in
the summer and was attributed to the absence of rain and resuspension of
cultivated soil in the region. The mean concentration of WSON during dust
events (38.2 ± 17.5 nmol N m−3) was 1.3 times higher than that
of non-dust events (29.4 ± 13.9 nmol N m−3). Source
apportionment analysis demonstrated that WSON was originated from
agricultural activities (43 %), secondary aerosol (20 %), nitrate
(22 %), crustal material (10 %) and sea salt (5 %). The dry and wet
depositions of WSON were equivalent and amounted to 36 % of the total
atmospheric WSTN flux.
Vegetation history and paleoclimate at Lake Dojran (FYROM/Greece) during the Late Glacial and Holocene
Authors: Masi Alessia , Francke Alexander , Pepe Caterina , Thienemann Matthias , Wagner Bernd , Sadori Laura 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. A new high-resolution pollen and NPP (non-pollen palynomorph) analysis has
been performed on the sediments of Lake Dojran, a transboundary lake located
at the border between Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
(FYROM). The sequence covers the last 12 500 years and provides information
on the vegetational dynamics of the Late Glacial and Holocene for the
southern Balkans. Robust age model, sedimentological diatom, and biomarker
analyses published previously have been the base for a multi-perspective
interpretation of the new palynological data. Pollen analysis revealed that
the Late Glacial is characterized by steppic taxa with prevailing
Amaranthaceae, Artemisia and Poaceae. The arboreal vegetation starts
to rise after 11 500 yr BP, taking a couple of millennia to be
definitively attested. Holocene vegetation is characterized by the dominance
of mesophilous plants. The Quercus robur type and Pinus are
the most abundant taxa, followed by the Quercus cerris type, the
Quercus ilex type and Ostrya–Carpinus orientalis. The
first attestation of human presence can be presumed at 5000 yr BP from the
contemporary presence of cereals, Juglans and Rumex. A drop
in both pollen concentration and influx together with a
δ18Ocarb shift indicates increasing aridity and
precedes clear and continuous human signs since 4000 yr BP. Also, a
correlation between Pediastrum boryanum and fecal stanol suggests
that the increase in nutrients in the water is related to human presence and
pasture. An undoubted expansion of human-related plants occurs since
2600 yr BP when cereals, arboreal cultivated and other synanthropic
non-cultivated taxa are found. A strong reduction in arboreal vegetation
occurred at 2000 yr BP, when the Roman Empire impacted a landscape
undergoing climate dryness in the whole Mediterranean area. In recent
centuries the human impact still remains high but spots of natural vegetation
are preserved. The Lake Dojran multi-proxy analysis including pollen data
provides clear evidence of the importance of this approach in
paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Cross-interpretation of several proxies
allows us to comprehend past vegetation dynamics and human impact in the
southern Balkans.
Prevalence and risk factors associated to tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in HIV-positive patients in Bogotá
Authors: Beltrán-León Magda , Pérez-Llanos Francy , Sánchez Liliana , Parra-López Carlos , Navarrete Myriam , Sánchez Ricardo , Awad Carlos , Granada Ana María , Quintero Edgardo , Briceño Óscar , Cruz Óscar , Murcia Martha Isabel 
Published: March 2018

Introducción. La tuberculosis es una de las enfermedades infecciosas de más amplia distribución en el mundo y constituye una de las primeras causas de muerte en pacientes con sida. En Colombia, en el 2015, se notificaron 12.918 casos de tuberculosis y 926 muertes.Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a infecciones micobacterianas en pacientes infectados con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV) en dos hospitales públicos de Bogotá.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con búsqueda activa de casos de tuberculosis y micobacteriosis en pacientes positivos para HIV. Se estudiaron variables demográficas, sociales, clínicas y de hábitos personales. Los análisis estadísticos se hicieron con el programa Stata 13™.Resultados. Se incluyeron en el estudio 356 pacientes: 81,2 % hombres y 18,8 %, mujeres, con una media de edad de 36,5 años. La frecuencia de la tuberculosis fue de 19,9 % (IC95% 15,9-24,5 %) y la de infecciones por micobacterias no tuberculosas, de 3,9 % (IC95% 2,16-6,5 %). El análisis bivariado evidenció una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la tuberculosis y el conteo de linfocitosTCD4+ (p=0,003), la carga viral (p=0,0008), el tratamiento antirretroviral (p=0,017) y un índice de masa corporal (IMC) menor de 18 kg/m2 (p=0,000). En las micobacteriosis solamente se presentó asociación estadísticamente significativa con el IMC (p=0,017) y con el conteo de linfocitos TCD4+ (p=0,045).Conclusión. Los factores asociados al deterioro del sistema inmunitario causados por el HIV, así como el no administrar el tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad y el IMC, constituyeron factores de riesgo para desarrollar la tuberculosis.
Mollicutes
Authors: Brown Daniel R. , May Meghan , Bradbury Janet M. , Johansson Karl‐Erik 
Published: March 2018

Mol.li.cu'tes. L. adj.mollissoft, pliable; L. fem. n.cutisskin; N.L. fem. pl. n.Mollicutesclass with pliable cell boundary.Tenericutes / MollicutesWithin the phylumTenericutesthe classMollicutesaccommodates small wall‐less prokaryotes with small (usually 0.5–1.5 Mb) genomes and low (usually 25–30 mol%) G + CDNA. The genomes of more than 65 species have been completely sequenced and annotated to date. These bacteria are distributed among the ordersMycoplasmatales,Entomoplasmatales,Acholeplasmatales, andAnaeroplasmatalesaccording to polyphasic taxonomic standards established and refined over many years by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes' Subcommittee on the Taxonomy ofMollicutes. The class is best known for its members in the genusMycoplasmaand related organisms that are commensals or parasites of humans, animals, insects, or plants. A number of “Candidatus” species have been proposed but not yet cultivated axenically. In the distant past, there was some risk of confusing mollicutes with wall‐less variants of other bacteria, but simplePCR‐based analyses of16S rRNAor other gene sequences now obviate that problem. Members of theErysipelothrixline of descent, formerly grouped with theMollicutesas “walled relatives,” are now assigned to the classErysipelotrichiin the phylumFirmicutes. The proliferation in recent years of new names appearing in the literature to accommodate alleged novel taxa of mollicutes whose existence has been inferred principally from singularDNAsequences in metagenomic studies is a current concern.DNA G + C content (mol%): 60–79.Type order:MycoplasmatalesFreundt 1955, 71ALemend. Tully, Bové, Laigret and Whitcomb 1993, 382.
Meiothermus
Authors: Albuquerque Luciana , Rainey Fred A. , da Costa Milton S. 
Published: March 2018

Mei.o.ther'mus. Gr. prefixmeio‐ less; Gr. adj.thermoshot; N.L. masc. n.Meiothermusto indicate an organism in a less hot place.“Deinococcus‐Thermus” / Deinococci / Thermales / Thermaceae / MeiothermusStraight rods, 0.4–1.0 µm in width; the cell length is variable. Long filaments are formed. Nonmotile; do not possess flagella. Endospores are not observed. Stain Gram‐negative. Red‐ or yellow‐pigmented colonies are produced. Slightly thermophilic, with optimum growth temperatures of 45–60°C; none of the strains have been observed to grow above 70°C. The optimum pH ranges from 7.0 to 8.5. Growth is chemoorganotrophic, aerobic with a strictly respiratory type of metabolism, but some species grow with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. Oxidase positive and catalase variable. Strains generally require yeast extract or cofactors for growth. Sugars, amino acids, organic acids, and polyols are used as sole carbon and energy sources. Ornithine is present in the peptidoglycan. Menaquinone 8 (MK‐8) is the predominant respiratory quinone. One major phospholipid and two prominent glycolipids migrating close to each other dominate the polar lipid pattern; some strains possess only one major glycolipid. Additional phospholipids and glycolipids are minor components. Phospholipids and glycolipids are primarily glycerol based, but some strains also possess 1,2‐diol‐based lipids. Fatty acids are predominantly iso‐ and anteiso‐branched. Branched‐ and straight‐chain 2‐hydroxy and/or 3‐hydroxy fatty acids are present in most strains. Found in hydrothermal areas with neutral to alkaline pH; also isolated from fermenters and paper‐machine biofilms.DNA G + C content (mol%): 60.9–69.9.Type species:Meiothermus ruber. Nobre, Trüper and da Costa 1996a, 605VP(Thermus ruberLoginova, Egorova, Golovacheva and Seregina 1984, 498).
Mycoplasma
Authors: Brown Daniel R. , May Meghan , Bradbury Janet M. , Balish Mitchell F. , Calcutt Michael J. , Glass John I. , Tasker Séverine , Messick Joanne B. , Johansson Karl‐Erik , Neimark Harold 
Published: March 2018

My.co.plas'ma. Gr. masc. n.mycesa fungus; Gr. neut. n.plasmasomething formed or molded, a form; N.L. neut. n.Mycoplasmafungus form.Tenericutes / Mollicutes / Mycoplasmatales / Mycoplasmataceae / MycoplasmaBacteria in the genusMycoplasmaare small (300–800 nm in diameter) pleomorphic cells devoid of a cell wall. Culturable species usually form very small (<1 mm) umbonate colonies on agar. Their use of the codonUGAto encode tryptophan is a distinctive characteristic of all species examined to date. As a consequence of their small (usually 0.5–1.5 Mb) genomes they have limited intermediary metabolism and are nutritionally fastidious, requiring exogenous sugars or arginine, cholesterol or other sterols, peptides, and free nucleic acids for axenic growth. In nature, all species are obligate commensals or parasites with varying degrees of specificity for a wide range of vertebrate hosts. The type speciesMycoplasma mycoidessubsp.mycoidesandMycoplasma capricolumsubsp.capripneumoniaeare highly virulent animal pathogens subject to strict international regulations, but the genus is perhaps better known forMycoplasma pneumoniae, the agent of primary atypical “walking” pneumonia in humans. The relative biological simplicity of mycoplasmas confers significant advantages for current proteomics, metabolomics, synthetic genomics, and systems biology research. For example, the recent chemical synthesis and transplantation of intact chromosomes demonstrated that it is possible to enliven a mycoplasma fully capable of autonomous replication with an artificially constructed genome.DNAG+C content(mol%): 23–40.Type species:Mycoplasma mycoides(Borrel, Dujardin‐Beaumetz, Jeantet and Jouan 1910) Freundt 1955, 73 (Asterococcus mycoidesBorrel, Dujardin‐Beaumetz, Jeantet and Jouan 1910, 179).
Ureaplasma
Authors: Robertson Janet A. , Taylor‐Robinson David , May Meghan , Brown Daniel R. 
Published: March 2018

U.re.a.plas'ma. N.L. fem. n.ureaurea; Gr. neut. n.plasmaanything formed or moulded, image, figure; N.L. neut. n.Ureaplasmaurea form.Tenericutes / Mollicutes / Mycoplasmatales / Mycoplasmataceae / UreaplasmaBacteria in the genusUreaplasmaare small (350–500 nm in diameter) coccoid cells, devoid of a cell wall, that form exceptionally tiny (<0.2 mm) colonies on solid media. Like the closely‐related genusMycoplasma, ureaplasmas have small (0.75–1.2 Mb) A+T‐rich genomes, use the codon UGA to encode tryptophan, and are nutritionally fastidious, but unlike mycoplasmas they hydrolyze urea rather than glucose or arginine for ATP synthesis. DNA–DNA hybridizations and serotyping involving a family of phase‐variable surface lipoproteins called multiple‐banded antigens have been important in developing the species concept for this genus. In nature all species are obligate commensals or opportunistic pathogens of vertebrate hosts. Based on the most recent comparative genome analyses, a consensus is emerging that the strains associated with humans, currently recognized as biovars of eitherUreaplasma urealyticumorUreaplasma parvum, probably exist collectively as quasi‐species rather than as stable serovars in their native environment.DNA G + C content (mol%): 25–32 (Bd,Tm, complete genome sequences).Type species:Ureaplasma urealyticumShepard, Lunceford, Ford, Purcell, Taylor‐Robinson, Razin and Black 1974, 167ALemend. Robertson, Stemke, Davis, Harasawa, Thirkell, Kong, Shepard and Ford 2002, 593.
B
ellilinea
Authors: Yamada Takeshi , Sekiguchi Yuji 
Published: March 2018

Bel.li.li'ne.a. L. adj.
bellus
beautiful; L. fem. n.
linea
line; N.L. fem. n.
Bellilinea
beautiful line‐shaped organism.

Chloroflexi / Anaerolineae / Anaerolineales / Anaerolineaceae / Bellilinea
Multicellular filaments range from 0.2 to 0.4 µm in width and longer than 100 µm. Cells are nonmotile, nonspore‐forming, and Gram‐negative. Growth occurs under thermophilic and neutrophilic conditions; optimum growth occurs at 55°C and pH 7.0. Neither phototrophic nor aerobic growth is observed. Strictly anaerobic chemoorganoheterotroph. Yeast extract is required for growth. In the presence of yeast extract, sugars, proteinaceous carbon sources, and pyruvate are used for growth. Fatty acids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds do not support growth. Under anaerobic conditions, electron accepters are not utilized. Syntrophic cultivation with hydrogenotrophic methanogens enhances the growth rate. Known habitat is thermophilic anaerobic sludge.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 52.2% (draft genome sequence).

Type species
:
Bellilinea caldifistulae
Yamada, Imachi, Ohashi, Hanada, Harada, Kamagata and Sekiguchi 2007, 2302
VP
.
Coronary chronic total occlusions: How to dilate the tough ones
Authors: Khan Asaad A. , Dangas George D. 
Published: March 2018

Key Points

Several chronic total occlusions (CTOs) may be undilatable despite successful wire passage; several techniques can be used for lesion preparation, such as high‐pressure balloon inflations, rotational atherectomy laser, cutting balloon, and scoring balloons.
Presence of moderate to severe calcification and lesion length over 40 mm in association with comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus and reduced ejection fraction, may contribute to making a CTO lesion undilatable.
Still, appropriate therapy selection for a patient with CTO should be individualized and procedure safety attended to.
Artificial Photosynthesis: Learning from Nature
Authors: Whang Dong Ryeol , Apaydin Dogukan Hazar 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Sariciftci at the Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)/Institute of Physical Chemistry at Johannes Kepler University Linz (Austria). The image shows three bioinspired strategies for highly efficient and robust artificial photosynthesis: a) accumulative charge transfer, b) photoprotection, and c) self‐healing (right to left). Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/cptc.201700163.
Importance of the study context in community assembly processes: a quantitative synthesis of forest bird communities
Authors: Martin Charles A. , Bolduc Patricia , Rainville Vincent , Rheault Guillaume , Desrochers Louis , Giacomazzo Matteo , Roca Irene T. , Bertolo Andrea , Proulx Raphaël 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSpecies composition is constrained by two upper‐level processes in ecological contexts where the dispersion of organisms is not severely limited, namely selection and ecological drift. This intuitive framework has motivated a constant flow of empirical models for linking the species matrix to the local environmental descriptors, in which the environment rarely explains more than 30–40% of the variation in species composition. In most cases, researchers only approximate the environmental axes that drive fitness differences between species, as the list of measured descriptors reflect both logistical constraints and hypothesis‐driven questions. Moreover, contextual factors, such as the species pool size (SPS) and the spatial extent of the sampled area, could moderate species–environment associations through sampling effects and dispersal limitations. This study's objective was to quantify the influence of contextual factors (i.e., related to the circumstances in which the study was conducted) on the species–environment association strength on the basis of a synthesis of 156 models of forest bird communities. Our results reveal that factors related to the SPS and the number of independent environmental axes studied affect our capacity to detect selection, whereas spatial factors such as the study's spatial extent and latitude are less important determinants. The study context explains almost a third of the observed variation in the strength of the species–environment association. We conclude that strong species–environment associations can be found for properly designed studies of forest bird communities, which raises the question of whether ecologists have underestimated the importance of selection in community assembly processes.