bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurobiologische Grundlagen des Wahlverhaltens bei Abhängigkeitserkrankungen
Authors: Bleich S. , Heberlein A. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungSubstanzabhängigkeiten sind durch verminderte Kontrolle über den Substanzkonsum trotz negativer Folgen gekennzeichnet. Der Artikel fasst Studienergebnisse zusammen, die Veränderungen des Wahlverhaltens von Personen mit Abhängigkeitserkrankungen mit funktionellen Veränderungen im Bereich des orbitofrontalen Kortex und projizierender Zentren in Zusammenhang bringen.
TCellXTalk facilitates the detection of co-modified peptides for the study of protein post-translational modification cross-talk in T cells
Authors: Casanovas Albert , Gallardo Óscar , Carrascal Montserrat , Abian Joaquin 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Protein function is regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs) that may act individually or interact with others in a phenomenon termed PTM cross-talk. Multiple databases have been dedicated to PTMs, including recent initiatives oriented towards the in silico prediction of PTM interactions. The study of PTM cross-talk ultimately requires experimental evidence about whether certain PTMs coexist in a single protein molecule. However, available resources do not assist researchers in the experimental detection of co-modified peptides.

Results
Herein, we present TCellXTalk, a comprehensive database of phosphorylation, ubiquitination and acetylation sites in human T cells that supports the experimental detection of co-modified peptides using targeted or directed mass spectrometry. We demonstrate the efficacy of TCellXTalk and the strategy presented here in a proof of concept experiment that enabled the identification and quantification of 15 co-modified (phosphorylated and ubiquitinated) peptides from CD3 proteins of the T-cell receptor complex. To our knowledge, these are the first co-modified peptide sequences described in this widely studied cell type. Furthermore, quantitative data showed distinct dynamics for co-modified peptides upon T cell activation, demonstrating differential regulation of co-occurring PTMs in this biological context. Overall, TCellXTalk facilitates the experimental detection of co-modified peptides in human T cells and puts forward a novel and generic strategy for the study of PTM cross-talk.

Availability and implementation
TCellXTalk is available at https://www.tcellxtalk.org. Source Code is available at https://bitbucket.org/lp-csic-uab/tcellxtalk.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Array testing for multiplex assays
Authors: Hou Peijie , Tebbs Joshua M , Wang Dewei , McMahan Christopher S , Bilder Christopher R 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Group testing involves pooling individual specimens (e.g., blood, urine, swabs, etc.) and testing the pools for the presence of disease. When the proportion of diseased individuals is small, group testing can greatly reduce the number of tests needed to screen a population. Statistical research in group testing has traditionally focused on applications for a single disease. However, blood service organizations and large-scale disease surveillance programs are increasingly moving towards the use of multiplex assays, which measure multiple disease biomarkers at once. Tebbs and others (2013, Two-stage hierarchical group testing for multiple infections with application to the Infertility Prevention Project. Biometrics 69, 1064–1073) and Hou and others (2017, Hierarchical group testing for multiple infections. Biometrics 73, 656–665) were the first to examine hierarchical group testing case identification procedures for multiple diseases. In this article, we propose new non-hierarchical procedures which utilize two-dimensional arrays. We derive closed-form expressions for the expected number of tests per individual and classification accuracy probabilities and show that array testing can be more efficient than hierarchical procedures when screening individuals for multiple diseases at once. We illustrate the potential of using array testing in the detection of chlamydia and gonorrhea for a statewide screening program in Iowa. Finally, we describe an R/Shiny application that will help practitioners identify the best multiple-disease case identification algorithm.
From the Tuileries to Twickenham: The Orléans, Exile and Anglo-French Liberalism, c.1848–1880
Authors: Stammers Tom 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Between the 1848 Revolution and the Franco-Prussian War, the Orléans dynasty relocated to the suburbs of London. For the Orléans as for the Bourbons and the Bonapartes, exile was a fundamental aspect of nineteenth-century royalism. Deprived of the French throne, Louis-Philippe’s heirs nonetheless remained highly engaged with the political culture of Victorian Britain and the British Empire. Studying the interactions between the Orléans and their British hosts challenges existing narratives about the stagnation and decline of the Orleanist cause after 1848 as well as the divergence between French and English variants of liberalism. Taking as its focus Henri, duc d’Aumale, and his nephew Philippe, comte de Paris, this article charts the family’s evolving ambitions, divided between building a new home in Britain, and keeping the prospects open for a possible restoration in Paris.
The Orléans engagement with Britain is traced through several channels. Firstly, through their participation in British elite sociability, thanks to their devoted champion and neighbour in Twickenham, Frances, Countess Waldegrave. This London hostess played a central role in facilitating the family’s interests and favourable press coverage. Secondly, through the Orléans’ engagement with global politics in the mid-nineteenth century, in which British perspectives helped to reshape their own vision of France’s imperial future. Thirdly, through their exploration of British parliamentary debates and the problems of industrial society. Far from simply prolonging the vision of the July monarchy, this article suggests that the Orléans’ engagement with questions of mass politics was more dynamic and extensive than previously believed. Although the revised and vicarious vision of liberalism formulated by the Orléans during the London exile was never applied after the family returned to France in 1870–71, it continued to inform and constrain the subsequent development of French monarchist politics.
Land fragmentation with double dividends – the case of Tanzanian agriculture
Authors: Rao Xudong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study evaluates the economic effects of land fragmentation on agricultural production and hypothesises that fragmentation may benefit farmers by diversifying production risk among separate land plots with heterogeneous agronomic conditions. Applying a stochastic production frontier model to the Tanzania Living Standards Measurement Study data, we find robust evidence to support the risk-reduction hypothesis, as well as indications that fragmentation is positively associated with technical efficiency. We argue the low level of fragmentation in Tanzania may have limited its negative impact on efficiency, while crop diversification concurrent with fragmentation may have increased efficiency, leaving the net effect to be positive.
Mobile-accessible personal health records increase the frequency and timeliness of PHR use for patients with diabetes
Authors: Graetz Ilana , Huang Jie , Brand Richard , Hsu John , Reed Mary E 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Personal health records (PHRs) offer patients a portal to view lab results, communicate with their doctors, and refill medications. Expanding PHR access to mobile devices could increase patients’ engagement with their PHRs. We examined whether access to a mobile-optimized PHR changed the frequency and timeliness of PHR use among adult patients with diabetes in an integrated delivery system. Among patients originally using the PHR only by computer, PHR use frequency increased with mobile access. Non-White patients were more likely to view their lab results within 7 days if they had computer and mobile access compared with computer only; however, there were no statistically significant differences among White patients. More frequent and timely mobile access to PHR data and tools may lead to convenient and effective PHR engagement to support patient self-management. Future studies should evaluate whether PHR use with a mobile device is associated with changes in self-management and outcomes.
Germline Pathogenic Variants in Homologous Recombination and DNA Repair Genes in an Asian Cohort of Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Toh Ming Ren , Chiang Jian Bang , Chong Siao Ting , Chan Sock Hoai , Ishak Nur Diana Binte , Courtney Eliza , Lee Wei Hao , Syed Abdillah Al Syed Muhammad Fahmy Bin , Carson Allen John , Lim Kiat Hon , Davila Sonia , Tan Patrick , Lim Weng Khong , Tan Iain Bee Huat , Ngeow Joanne 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Growing evidence suggests a role for cancer susceptibility genes such as BRCA2 and PALB2 in young-onset colorectal cancers. Using a cohort of young colorectal cancer patients, we sought to identify and provide functional evidence for germline pathogenic variants of DNA repair genes not typically associated with colorectal cancer.

Methods
We recruited 88 patients with young-onset colorectal cancers seen at a general oncology center. Whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify variants in DNA repair and colorectal cancer predisposition genes. Pathogenic BRCA2 and PALB2 variants were analyzed using immunoblot and immunofluorescence on patient-derived lymphoblastoid cells.

Results
In general, our cohort displayed characteristic features of young-onset colorectal cancers. Most patients had left-sided tumors and were diagnosed at late stages. Four patients had familial adenomatous polyposis, as well as pathogenic APC variants. We identified 12 pathogenic variants evenly distributed between DNA repair and colorectal cancer predisposition genes. Six patients had pathogenic variants in colorectal cancer genes: APC (n = 4) and MUTYH monoallelic (n = 2). Another six had pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes: ATM (n = 1), BRCA2 (n = 1), PALB2 (n = 1), NTHL1 (n = 1), and WRN (n = 2). Pathogenic variants BRCA2 c.9154C>T and PALB2 c.1059delA showed deficient homologous recombination repair, evident from the impaired RAD51 nuclear localization and foci formation.

Conclusion
A substantial portion of pathogenic variants in young-onset colorectal cancer was found in DNA repair genes not previously associated with colorectal cancer. This may have implications for the management of patients. Further studies are needed to ascertain the enrichment of pathogenic DNA repair gene variants in colorectal cancers.
The 600-mm precipitation isoline distinguishes tree-ring-width responses to climate in China
Authors: Liu Yu , Song Huiming , Sun Changfeng , Song Yi , Cai Qiufang , Liu Ruoshi , Lei Ying , Li Qiang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe numerous temperature and precipitation reconstructions in China based on tree-ring-width data have played significant roles in furthering the understanding of past climate changes. However, the geographical variability in the responses of trees to climate variations in China remains largely undetermined. Here, we describe an important spatial boundary in the response of trees to climate variations, namely the 600-mm annual precipitation isoline. We found that, to the north of this line, tree-ring widths are usually positively correlated with precipitation and negatively correlated with growing-season temperature. To the south of this line, the tree-ring widths respond positively to temperature, and winter half-year temperatures are the main reconstructed parameters, especially on the third topographical step of China. We also found that precipitation reconstructions based on tree-ring data and the Palmer Drought Severity Index almost exclusively fall in the region of the 200- to 600-mm annual precipitation isolines, not other regions. Our findings indicate that, when using multiple tree-ring-width chronologies for large-scale past climate reconstructions, the climatic signal of each tree-ring-width series should be carefully considered.
This Service Terminates Here? Politics, Practitioner Perspectives, and the Future of Railway Policing in Scotland
Authors: Murray Kath , Atkinson Colin 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Following the devolution of railway policing under the Scotland Act 2016, the Railway Policing (Scotland) Act 2017 set in motion a process that, if completed, will see the British Transport Police's Scottish Division integrated into Scotland’s relatively new national police force, Police Scotland. The post-legislative journey has, however, proven far more challenging than supporters of integration envisaged. Drawing upon primary and secondary data, this article investigates the integration process to date and shows how a politicized and poorly managed transition programme left employees disillusioned, and fostered a deep strain of mistrust towards the project. With escalating costs, a lack of practitioner buy-in, the potential loss of experienced officers and staff, longer-term risks to the remaining BTP organization, and no clear evidence of benefits, the article concludes that the Scottish Government should call off full integration and consider an alternative approach towards the devolution of railway policing.
Cultural Persistence and Labor Force Participation among Partnered Second-Generation Women in the United States
Authors: Apgar Lauren , McManus Patricia A 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWomen who migrate to the United States often face structural and cultural obstacles when joining the workforce. The US-born daughters of these women show considerable upward mobility, yet recent scholarship finds substantial variation in the employment of second-generation women by parental country of origin. This study assesses whether gender traditionalism in the parental country of origin has a persistent effect on the labor force participation of partnered second-generation women in the United States. An analysis of 1995–2015 Current Population Survey data supplemented with parental origin country characteristics finds that gender-traditional behaviors, religions, institutions, and attitudes are each associated with a lower likelihood of female labor force participation (FLFP). We propose that the successful intergenerational transmission of conservative cultural repertoires from the first to the second-generation accounts for these relationships. Conservative religious context is the best overall predictor of lowered second-generation FLFP. However, patriarchal attitudes and institutions in the parental birthplace best account for the participation of women with parental origins in Latin America and the Caribbean, while the effect of religious context is strongest among women with parental origins in Asia and Europe.
Engineering a living biomaterial via bacterial surface capture of environmental molecules
Authors: Scott Felicia Y , Heyde Keith C , Rice MaryJoe K , Ruder Warren C 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Synthetic biology holds significant potential in biomaterials science as synthetically engineered cells can produce new biomaterials, or alternately, can function as living components of new biomaterials. Here, we describe the creation of a new biomaterial that incorporates living bacterial constituents that interact with their environment using engineered surface display. We first developed a gene construct that enabled simultaneous expression of cytosolic mCherry and a surface-displayed, catalytically active enzyme capable of covalently bonding with benzylguanine (BG) groups. We then created a functional living material within a microfluidic channel using these genetically engineered cells. The material forms when engineered cells covalently bond to ambient BG-modified molecules upon induction. Given the wide range of materials amenable to functionalization with BG-groups, our system provides a proof-of-concept for the sequestration and assembly of BG-functionalized molecules on a fluid-swept, living biomaterial surface.
Michael John Caldwell Gordon. 28 February 1948—22 August 2017
Authors: Paulson Lawrence C. 
Published: September 2018

Michael Gordon was a pioneer in the field of interactive theorem proving and hardware verification. In the 1970s, he had the vision of formally verifying system designs, proving their correctness using mathematics and logic. He demonstrated his ideas on real-world computer designs. His students extended the work to such diverse areas as the verification of floating-point algorithms, the verification of probabilistic algorithms and the verified translation of source code to correct machine code. He was elected to the Royal Society in 1994, and he continued to produce outstanding research until retirement.
His achievements include his work at Edinburgh University helping to create Edinburgh LCF, the first interactive theorem prover of its kind, and the ML family of functional programming languages. He adopted higher-order logic as a general formalism for verification, showing that it could specify hardware designs from the gate level right up to the processor level. It turned out to be an ideal formalism for many problems in computer science and mathematics. His tools and techniques have exerted a huge influence across the field of formal verification.
Targeting hotspots to reduce transmission of malaria in Senegal: modeling of the effects of human mobility
Authors: Sallah Kankoé , Giorgi Roch , Ba El Hadj , Piarroux Martine , Piarroux Renaud , Griffiths Karolina , Cisse Badara , Gaudart Jean 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn central Senegal malaria incidences have declined in recent years in response to scaling-up of control measures, but now remains stable, making elimination improbable. Additional control measures are needed to reduce transmission.MethodsBy using a meta-population mathematical model, we evaluated chemotherapy interventions targeting stable malaria hotspots, using a differential equation framework and incorporating human mobility, and fitted to weekly malaria incidences from 45 villages, over 5 years. Three simulated approaches for selecting intervention targets were compared: a) villages with at least one malaria case during the low transmission season of the previous year; b) villages ranked highest in terms of incidence during the high transmission season of the previous year; c) villages ranked based on the degree of connectivity with adjacent populations.ResultsOur mathematical modeling, taking into account human mobility, showed that the intervention strategies targeting hotspots should be effective in reducing malaria incidence in both treated and untreated areas.ConclusionsMathematical simulations showed that targeted interventions allow increasing malaria elimination potential.
Association between long-term air pollution exposure and DNA methylation: the REGICOR study
Authors: Sayols-Baixeras Sergi , Fernández-Sanlés Alba , Prats Albert , Subirana Isaac , Plusquin Michelle , Künzli Nino , Marrugat Jaume , Basagaña Xavier , Elosua Roberto 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundLimited evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms may partially mediate the adverse effects of air pollution on health. Our aims were to identify new genomic loci showing differential DNA methylation associated with long-term exposure to air pollution and to replicate loci previously identified in other studies.MethodsA two-stage epigenome-wide association study was designed: 630 individuals from the REGICOR study were included in the discovery and 454 participants of the EPIC-Italy study in the validation stage. DNA methylation was assessed using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. NOX, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, PMcoarse, traffic intensity and traffic load exposure were measured according to the ESCAPE protocol. A systematic review was undertaken to identify those cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpGs) associated with air pollution in previous studies and we screened for them in the discovery study.ResultsIn the discovery stage of the epigenome-wide association study, 81 unique CpGs were associated with air pollution (p-value <10−5) but none of them were validated in the replication sample. Furthemore, we identified 12 CpGs in the systematic review showing differential methylation with a p-value fulfilling the Bonferroni criteria and 1642 CpGs fulfilling the false discovery rate criteria, all of which were related to PM2.5or NO2. None of them was replicated in the discovery study, in which the top hits were located in an intergenic region on chromosome 1 (cg10893043, p-value=6.79·10−5) and in thePXKandARSAgenes (cg16560256, p-value=2.23·10−04; cg11953250, p-value=3.64·10−04).ConclusionsNeither new genomic loci associated with long-term air pollution were identified, nor previously identified loci were replicated. Continued efforts to test this potential association are warranted.
The direct costs of overdiagnosed asthma in a longitudinal population-based study
Authors: Ng Bryan C. , Sadatsafavi Mohsen , Safari Abdollah , FitzGerald J. Mark , Johnson Kate M. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesA current diagnosis of asthma cannot be objectively confirmed in many patients with physician-diagnosed asthma. Estimates of resource use in overdiagnosed cases of asthma are necessary to measure the burden of overdiagnosis and evaluate strategies to reduce this burden. We assessed the difference in asthma-related healthcare resource use between patients with a confirmed asthma diagnosis and those with asthma ruled out.DesignPopulation-based prospective cohort study.SettingParticipants were recruited through random-digit dialling of both landlines and mobile phones in BC, Canada.ParticipantsWe included 345 individuals ≥12 years of age with a self-reported physician diagnosis of asthma which was confirmed by a bronchodilator reversibility or methacholine challenge test at the end of the 12-month follow-up.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSelf-reported annual asthma-related direct healthcare costs (2017 Canadian dollars), outpatient physician visits, and medication use from the Canadian healthcare system perspective.ResultsAsthma was ruled out in 86 (24.9%) participants. Average annual asthma-related direct healthcare costs for participants with confirmed asthma were $497.9 (SD $677.9), and $307.7 (SD $424.1) for participants with asthma ruled out. In the adjusted analyses, a confirmed diagnosis was associated with higher direct healthcare costs (Relative Ratio [RR]=1.60, 95%CI 1.14-2.22), increased rate of specialist visits (RR=2.41, 95%CI 1.05-5.40) and reliever medication use (RR=1.62, 95%CI 1.09-2.35), but not primary care physician visits (p=0.10) or controller medication use (p=0.11).ConclusionsA quarter of individuals with a physician diagnosis of asthma did not have asthma after objective re-evaluation. These participants still consumed a significant amount of asthma-related healthcare resources. The population-level economic burden of asthma overdiagnosis could be substantial.Strengths and limitations of this studyParticipants were recruited through random sampling of the general population in the province of British Columbia.Asthma diagnosis was confirmed or ruled out using sequential guideline-recommended objective airway tests.Healthcare resource use was self-reported, potential recall bias may have led to reduced accuracy.The study was unable to evaluate the indirect costs of overdiagnosis or the cost-savings from correcting the diagnosis.The generalizability of the results may be limited by regional differences in medical costs and practices.