bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MDA-9/Syntenin regulates protective autophagy in anoikis-resistant glioma stem cells
Authors: Talukdar Sarmistha , Pradhan Anjan K. , Bhoopathi Praveen , Shen Xue-Ning , August Laura A. , Windle Jolene J. , Sarkar Devanand , Furnari Frank B. , Cavenee Webster K. , Das Swadesh K. , Emdad Luni , Fisher Paul B. 
Published: May 2018

Significance
Gliomas exhibit high proportions of glioma stem cells (GSCs), anoikis resistance, increased brain parenchyma invasion, and resistance to therapy with high recurrence. GSCs display protective autophagy, a self-mediated lysosomal degradation process that balances sources of energy at critical times of stress. Protective autophagy in GSCs promotes resistance to anoikis, programmed death resulting from growth in an anchorage-independent manner. MDA-9 is critical in maintaining protective autophagy in GSCs, thereby contributing to anoikis-resistance. MDA-9 regulates critical molecules, including BCL2 and EGFR, which control autophagy. A link between MDA-9 and protective autophagy and anoikis-resistance identifies an Achilles’ heel of glioblastoma multiforme that may be exploited to define enhanced therapies with improved prognosis and decreased recurrence. Accordingly, targeting MDA-9 may represent a viable therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma multiforme.
Placebo treatment facilitates social trust and approach behavior
Authors: Yan Xinyuan , Yong Xue , Huang Wenhao , Ma Yina 
Published: May 2018

Significance
The World Health Organization defines health as a state of physical, mental, and social well-being. Although placebo treatment has been widely shown to improve physical and mental well-being, it remains unknown whether placebo treatment facilitates social well-being. Here, we provide evidence that placebo treatment facilitates social approach by increasing trust in others and preference for being physically closer to others. The social placebo effects (SPEs) resemble the effect of intranasal administration of oxytocin, an important neuropeptide for social cognition, on social trust and approach behavior, but the SPE is more sensitive to motivational state. Our findings extend the understanding of placebo effects on improving physical, mental, and social well-being and suggest clinical potentials in the treatment of social dysfunction.
Volatile biomarkers of symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria infection in humans
Authors: De Moraes Consuelo M. , Wanjiku Caroline , Stanczyk Nina M. , Pulido Hannier , Sims James W. , Betz Heike S. , Read Andrew F. , Torto Baldwyn , Mescher Mark C. 
Published: May 2018

Significance
Malaria elimination efforts are hindered by the prevalence of asymptomatic infections, which frequently go undetected and untreated. Consequently, there is a pressing need for improved diagnostic screening methods. Based on extensive collections of skin odors from human populations in Kenya, we report broad and consistent effects of malaria infection on human volatile emissions. Furthermore, we found that predictive models based on machine learning algorithms reliably determined infection status based on volatile biomarkers and, critically, identified asymptomatic infections with 100% sensitivity, even in the case of low-level infections not detectable by microscopy. These findings suggest that volatile biomarkers have significant potential for the development of robust, noninvasive screening methods for detecting symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria infections under field conditions.
Distinct macrophage populations direct inflammatory versus physiological changes in adipose tissue
Authors: Hill David A. , Lim Hee-Woong , Kim Yong Hoon , Ho Wesley Y. , Foong Yee Hoon , Nelson Victoria L. , Nguyen Hoang C. B. , Chegireddy Kavya , Kim Jihoon , Habertheuer Andreas , Vallabhajosyula Prashanth , Kambayashi Taku , Won Kyoung-Jae , Lazar Mitchell A. 
Published: May 2018

Significance
Obesity has reached pandemic levels, prompting the need for novel therapeutics. The immune system has been suggested to be critically linked to metabolic health, leading to the prospect of immune-directed therapies. We report that obese fat tissue contains multiple distinct populations of macrophages with unique tissue distributions, transcriptomes, chromatin landscapes, and functions. These results provide a higher resolution of the cellular and functional heterogeneity within adipose macrophages and provide a framework within which to develop new immune-directed therapies for the treatment of obesity and related inflammatory comorbidities.
Helical rotation of the diaphanous-related formin mDia1 generates actin filaments resistant to cofilin
Authors: Mizuno Hiroaki , Tanaka Kotaro , Yamashiro Sawako , Narita Akihiro , Watanabe Naoki 
Published: May 2018

Significance
It remains obscure how actin polymerizing and depolymerizing activities cooperate to control diverse actin dynamics. Formins rotate along the long-pitch helix of F-actin during processive actin elongation (helical rotation), which may twist F-actin in the opposite direction of the cofilin-induced twisting. In this study, we show that a mammalian formin mDia1 generates F-actin resistant to cofilin. Tethered F-actin elongating from immobilized mDia1 contained a less twisted portion in EM analysis and exhibited resistance to the severing activity of cofilin. In cells, overexpression of an active mDia1 mutant, which harbors N-terminal regulatory domains, prolonged F-actin lifetime and accelerated dissociation of cofilin. Helical rotation of formins may thus facilitate the formation of stabilized F-actin resistant to actin severing activities of cofilin.
Size-tagged preferred ends in maternal plasma DNA shed light on the production mechanism and show utility in noninvasive prenatal testing
Authors: Sun Kun , Jiang Peiyong , Wong Ada I. C. , Cheng Yvonne K. Y. , Cheng Suk Hang , Zhang Haiqiang , Chan K. C. Allen , Leung Tak Y. , Chiu Rossa W. K. , Lo Y. M. Dennis 
Published: May 2018

Significance
Cell-free DNA molecules in the plasma of pregnant women exhibit nonrandom fragmentation with preferred end sites. We studied if such preferred end sites might bear any relationship with fragment lengths of plasma DNA. Short and long plasma DNA molecules were associated with different preferred DNA end sites. Analysis of size-tagged preferred ends could be used for measuring fetal DNA fraction and for facilitating fetal trisomy 21 detection. Fetal preferred end sites were generally located in the nucleosome cores, while the maternal ones were located in the linker regions. This conceptual framework provides an explanation of the relative shortness of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and brings us closer to understanding the biological mechanisms that influence plasma DNA fragmentation.
Sequencing-based counting and size profiling of plasma Epstein–Barr virus DNA enhance population screening of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lam W. K. Jacky , Jiang Peiyong , Chan K. C. Allen , Cheng Suk H. , Zhang Haiqiang , Peng Wenlei , Tse O. Y. Olivia , Tong Yu K. , Gai Wanxia , Zee Benny C. Y. , Ma Brigette B. Y. , Hui Edwin P. , Chan Anthony T. C. , Woo John K. S. , Chiu Rossa W. K. , Lo Y. M. Dennis 
Published: May 2018

Significance
We identified differentiating molecular characteristics of plasma EBV DNA between nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and non-NPC subjects. Sequencing-based analysis revealed higher amounts of plasma EBV DNA and generally longer fragment lengths of plasma viral molecules in NPC patients than in non-NPC subjects. Based on these findings, we have developed a highly accurate blood-based test for screening of NPC. Such an approach is shown to enhance the positive predictive value and demonstrate a superior performance for NPC screening. It also obviates the need of a follow-up blood sample and therefore allows single time-point testing. We believe that this more clinically practical protocol would facilitate NPC screening on a population scale.
Complex NPs with third-order entity clauses
Authors: Davidse Kristin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This article focuses on complex NP constructions of the form ‘determiner (+ adjective) + noun (+ complementiser) + clause’, which refer to third-order entities, defined by Lyons (1977: 443) as “such abstract entities as propositions, which are outside time and space”. Their functional structure has so far tended to be analysed in terms of one syntagmatic model, either as an appositive structure defined by the criterion that NP and clause have identical reference (e.g. Quirk et al. 1985) or as a complementation structure in which the noun is viewed as licensing the complement clause (e.g. Huddleston & Pullum 2002). I argue that, as unified descriptions, neither of these analyses can be maintained. I propose instead that these NPs divide into two distinct subtypes on the basis of different grammatical behaviour: one in which the third order entity clause is premodified by the noun and one in which it complements the head noun. Starting from this basic functional-structural division, I propose a typology that distinguishes the main semantic classes of nouns patterning with third-order entity clauses. The typology aims to capture the most important semantic distinctions between the subtypes of these complex NPs.
Anaphoric reference in Early Modern English
Authors: Ho-Cheong Leung Alex , van der Wurff Wim 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Work on the anaphoric NPs the said + N and the same has shown that both were frequent in sixteenth-century English but declined afterwards. We address the question why this happened. After reviewing earlier work on the two constructions, we present data showing that their properties and development are too dissimilar to assume that they declined for the same reason. Instead, we identify for each of the changes two separate causal factors, which involve tension between form and meaning of the anaphor. In exploring these case histories, we also offer some discussion of the general kinds of explanations that have been proposed for the decline of linguistic forms and constructions, which is an aspect of language change that deserves more systematic investigation.
Optimal Blood Pressure in Elderly Hypertensive Subjects: A Korean National Health Insurance Service Health Examinee Cohort Study
Authors: Seo Jiwon , Lee Chan Joo , Hwang Jinseub , Oh Jaewon , Lee Sang-Hak , Kang Seok-Min , Choi Donghoon , Kim Hyeon-Chang , Park Sungha 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
To describe the association between mean blood pressure (BP) and clinical outcomes and to investigate the optimal BP in elderly hypertensive subjects.

METHODS
This study used the National Health Insurance Service health examinee cohort. Subjects aged &gt;60 years with a new diagnosis of hypertension from 2003 to 2006 were selected. Patients with previous major cardiovascular events were excluded. The remaining 23,523 subjects were divided into three groups according to the average of the observed systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP): (i) average SBP &lt;130 mm Hg (n = 6,893), 130–140 mm Hg (n = 8,676), and ≥140 mm Hg (n = 7,954) or (ii) average DBP &lt;80 mm Hg (n = 9,273), 80–90 mm Hg (n = 11,607), and ≥90 mm Hg (n = 2,643).

RESULTS
Compared with SBP ≥140 mm Hg, SBP 130–140 mm Hg was associated with significantly lower rates of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.62–0.76, P &lt; 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.50–0.75, P &lt; 0.001). However, SBP &lt;130 mm Hg did not show further lowering of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates compared with SBP 130–140 mm Hg. DBP 80–90 mm Hg was also associated with lower risks of all-cause death (HR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.57–0.72, P &lt; 0.001) and cardiovascular death (HR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.40–0.64, P &lt; 0.001) compared with DBP ≥90 mm Hg. There were no additional benefits with DBP &lt;80 mm Hg for all-cause death and cardiovascular death.

CONCLUSIONS
Mean BP of &lt;140/90 mm Hg were associated with lowest all-cause and cardiovascular mortality without any further benefit with mean BP &lt;130/80 mm Hg.
Poverty, Vulnerability and Everyday Resilience: How Bangladeshi Street Children Manage Economic Challenges through Financial Transactions on the Streets
Authors: Reza Md Hasan , Bromfield Nicole F 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn Bangladesh, an estimated one to three million street children face poverty, violence and social stigma daily. This qualitative study of seventy-five child participants from three sites in Dhaka, Bangladesh, explores how street children in Bangladesh engage in financial transactions in their social networks to build resiliency and sustain contextual well-being under conditions of extreme adversity. For these street children, contextual well-being refers to the context of living and surviving on the street (i.e. access to food, shelter, safety, sense of belonging). Our findings indicate that both significant vulnerabilities and adaptive responses in street children’s lives are common across participants. Daily life for these children consists of attaining money and then spending it quickly as a means of survival. Significant vulnerabilities for these children are the need to engage in daily income generation along with income uncertainty; an adaptive response among the participants is the engagement in financial transactions within their peer networks. Findings also show that street children are deeply embedded in these social networks, which work to sustain their well-being. We argue that interventions for Bangladeshi street children should be peer-based, grounded in a strengths perspective, and promote resilience.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Among Children Hospitalized With Community-acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Kutty Preeta K , Jain Seema , Taylor Thomas H , Bramley Anna M , Diaz Maureen H , Ampofo Krow , Arnold Sandra R , Williams Derek J , Edwards Kathryn M , McCullers Jonathan A , Pavia Andrew T , Winchell Jonas M , Schrag Stephanie J , Hicks Lauri A 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
The epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) among US children (&lt;18 years) hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is poorly understood.

Methods
In the Etiology of Pneumonia in the Community study, we prospectively enrolled 2254 children hospitalized with radiographically confirmed pneumonia from January 2010–June 2012 and tested nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs for Mp using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clinical and epidemiological features of Mp PCR–positive and –negative children were compared using logistic regression. Macrolide susceptibility was assessed by genotyping isolates.

Results
One hundred and eighty two (8%) children were Mp PCR–positive (median age, 7 years); 12% required intensive care and 26% had pleural effusion. No in-hospital deaths occurred. Macrolide resistance was found in 4% (6/169) isolates. Of 178 (98%) Mp PCR–positive children tested for copathogens, 50 (28%) had ≥1 copathogen detected. Variables significantly associated with higher odds of Mp detection included age (10–17 years: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 10.7 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 5.4–21.1] and 5–9 years: aOR, 6.4 [95% CI, 3.4–12.1] vs 2–4 years), outpatient antibiotics ≤5 days preadmission (aOR, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.5–3.5]), and copathogen detection (aOR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.3–3.3]). Clinical characteristics were non-specific.

Conclusions
Usually considered as a mild respiratory infection, Mp was the most commonly detected bacteria among children aged ≥5 years hospitalized with CAP, one-quarter of whom had codetections. Although associated with clinically nonspecific symptoms, there was a need for intensive care in some cases. Mycoplasma pneumoniae should be included in the differential diagnosis for school-aged children hospitalized with CAP.
Passive monitoring of a sea dike during a tidal cycle using sea waves as a seismic noise source
Authors: Joubert Anaëlle , Le Feuvre Mathieu , Côte Philippe 
Published: May 2018

SUMMARYOver the past decade, ambient seismic noise has been used successfully to monitor various geological objects with high accuracy. Recently, it has been shown that surface seismic waves propagating within a sea dike body can be retrieved from the cross-correlation of ambient seismic noise generated by sea waves. We use sea wave impacts to monitor the response of a sea dike during a tidal cycle using empirical Green’s functions. These are obtained either by cross-correlation or deconvolution, from signals recorded by sensors installed linearly on the crest of a dike. Our analysis is based on delay and spectral amplitude measurements performed on reconstructed surface waves propagating along the array. We show that localized variations of velocity and attenuation are correlated with changes in water level as a probable consequence of water infiltration inside the structure. Sea dike monitoring is of critical importance for safety and economic reasons, as internal erosion is generally only detected at late stages by visual observations. The method proposed here may provide a solution for detecting structural weaknesses, monitoring progressive internal erosion and delineating areas of interest for further geotechnical studies, in view to understand the erosion mechanisms involved.
Risk of Congenital Malformations in Children Born Before Paternal Cancer
Authors: Al-Jebari Yahia , Rylander Lars , Ståhl Olof , Giwercman Aleksander 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Increased risk of congenital malformations in children fathered by men treated for cancer might be due to mutagenicity of cancer therapies. Finding of increased malformation prevalence in offspring born before paternal cancer would indicate a treatment-independent mechanism.

Methods
Through national registries, we obtained data on singletons born in Sweden from 1994 to 2014 (n = 1 796 160) and their fathers and mothers (1 092 950/1 092 011). Men with cancer (n = 23 932) fathered 26 601 and 9926 children before and after cancer diagnosis, respectively. Associations between paternal cancer, diagnoses retrieved from the Swedish Cancer Register, and offspring malformations, based on Swedish Medical Birth Register data, were estimated by logistic regression.

Results
Children conceived before paternal cancer had a statistically significantly increased risk of all malformations (odds ratio [OR] = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02 to 1.15, P = .016, 3.8% vs 3.4%) and major malformations (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.18, P = .03, 2.4% vs 2.1%). Eye and central nervous system cancers were associated with the highest risk of all malformations (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.61, P = .02, 4.5% vs 3.4%). A similar trend was seen for testicular cancer. The malformation rates among children conceived before and after paternal cancer diagnosis were similar.

Conclusions
The association between paternal cancer and risk of malformations in the offspring is not solely due to mutagenic effects of cancer therapy. The increase in prevalence of birth anomalies among children of fathers with malignancy might be due to cancer per se or a common underlying paternal factor, for example, genomic instability.
The contribution of organelles to plant intracellular calcium signalling
Authors: Costa Alex , Navazio Lorella , Szabo Ildiko 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is among the most important intracellular messengers in living organisms. Understanding the players and dynamics of Ca2+ signalling pathways in plants may help to unravel the molecular basis of their exceptional flexibility to respond and adapt to different stimuli. In the present review, we focus on new tools that have recently revolutionized our view of organellar Ca2+ signalling as well as on the current knowledge regarding the pathways mediating Ca2+ fluxes across intracellular membranes. The contribution of organelles and cellular subcompartments to the orchestrated response via Ca2+ signalling within a cell is also discussed, underlining the fact that one of the greatest challenges in the field is the elucidation of how influx and efflux Ca2+ transporters/channels are regulated in a concerted manner to translate specific information into a Ca2+ signature.
Data on inelastic processes in low-energy collisions of barium atoms and ions with hydrogen atoms and anions
Authors: Belyaev Andrey K , Yakovleva Svetlana A 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Inelastic rate coefficients for 686 partial processes in low-energy Ba + H, Ba+ + H−, Ba++ H and Ba2+ + H− collisions are calculated. These data are needed for the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) modelling of Ba i and Ba ii spectra, especially in cool stellar atmospheres. The calculations of the rate coefficients are performed by means of the quantum model approach, based on the asymptotic semi-empirical method for the electronic structure calculations and on multichannel formulas for the non-adiabatic nuclear dynamical calculations. The inelastic rate coefficients for all transitions between the 17 lowest covalent states and one ionic molecular state in Ba + H and Ba+ + H− collisions, as well as the inelastic rate coefficients for all transitions between the 19 lowest covalent states and one ionic molecular state in Ba+ + H and Ba2+ + H− collisions are calculated. In Ba+ + H− collisions, the highest rate coefficients correspond to the mutual neutralization processes into the   Ba(6s6p1P°), Ba(6s7s3S) and   Ba(6s7s1S) final states, with the largest value of 5.93 × 10−8 cm3 s−1 at T = 6000 K for the process Ba+ + H− →   Ba(6s7s3S) + H. The highest rate coefficient for excitation and de-excitation processes in Ba + H collisions corresponds to the   Ba(6s7s1S) →  Ba(6s7s3S) transition, with the value of 7.62 × 10−9 cm3 s−1 at T = 6000 K. In Ba2+ + H− collisions, the highest rate coefficients correspond to the neutralization processes into the Ba+( 7p2P°), Ba+( 4f 2F°), Ba+( 6d 2D) and Ba+( 7s 2S) final states. The highest neutralization rate has the value of 3.96 × 10−8 cm3 s−1 at T = 6000 K for the Ba2+ + H− → Ba+( 7p 2P°) + H process. The largest rate coefficient for excitation and de-excitation processes in Ba+ + H collisions corresponds to the Ba+(7s 2S) → Ba+( 6p 2P°) transition, with the value of 1.23 × 10−9  cm3 s−1 at T = 6000 K.