bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doped and disclosed
Authors: Makarychev Andrey , Medvedev Sergey 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article, we scrutinize a policy area in which the Russian government has had to react to negative publicity in the last few years, namely, the doping scandal surrounding the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics. This scandal uncovered important aspects of Russia’s vulnerability in the global sports milieu, yet so far, it has remained almost unnoticed in the literature on mega sports events in Russia. Our analysis is premised on the convergence of two types and techniques of control and regulation: anatomopolitics, which presupposes, in Michel Foucault’s interpretation of the term, measures of control over individual bodies, and biopolitics, which refers to policy practices that target and concern the entire population. Their conflation in the Russian context results in a controversial effect: it strengthens relations of hegemony yet also exposes the sovereign power to the regulations of global sports organizations.
ReducedTrichomonas vaginalisviability in mice pretreated with parasite DNA
Authors: Barajas-Mendiola Marco Antonio , Castellano Laura E. , Barrios-Rodiles Miriam , Deveze-Alvarez Martha A. , Avila Eva E. , Cuéllar-Mata Patricia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTrichomonas vaginalisis an extracellular parasite that colonizes the human urogenital tract leading to trichomoniasis, the most common sexually-transmitted non-viral disease worldwide. The immune response plays a critical role in the host defense against this parasite. Trichomonas' DNA contains unmethylated CpG motifs (CpGDNA) that in other microorganisms act as modulators of the immune response. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for CpGDNA immune modulation are still unclear. As macrophages participate in the first line of defense against infection, we investigated the type of immune response of murine macrophages toT. vaginalisDNA (TvDNA). We observed high expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12p40 in macrophages stimulated withTvDNA. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory response, assessed by IL-10 and IL-13 mRNA expression was delayed. This suggests that the immune response induced byTvDNA is modulated through cytokine production, mediated partly by NADPH-oxidase activity, asTvDNA induced reactive species of oxygen production and a rounded morphology in macrophages indicative of an M1 phenotype. Furthermore, infected mice pretreated withTvDNA displayed persistent vulvar inflammation and decreased parasite viability consistent with higher proinflammatory cytokine levels during infection compared to untreated mice. Overall, our findings suggest thatTvDNA pretreatment modulates the immune response favouring parasite elimination.
Between Apprenticeship and Skill: Acquiring Knowledge outside the Academy in Early Modern England
Authors: Wallis Patrick 
Published: August 2019

ArgumentApprenticeship was probably the largest mode of organized learning in early modern European societies, and artisan practitioners commonly began as apprentices. Yet little is known about how youths actually gained skills. I develop a model of vocational pedagogy that accounts for the characteristics of apprenticeship and use a range of legal and autobiographical sources to examine the contribution of different forms of training in England. Apprenticeship emerges as a relatively narrow channel, in which the master’s contribution to training was weakly defined and executed conservatively. The creation of complementary channels of formal instruction was constrained by cost and coordination problems. When we consider a range of British youths who obtained advanced skills as artisan practitioners (and engaged in invention or pursued natural philosophical interests), we see the importance of individual agency over institutional structures. For these youths, training could involve rejecting apprenticeship, engaging in periods of advanced study, including time in multiple workshops after the end of apprenticeship, and parallel campaigns to access scarce books and communities of scholarship.
Mediated education in early modern travel stories: How travel stories contribute to children’s empirical learning
Authors: Dietz Feike 
Published: August 2019

ArgumentLinking up with recent studies on the experience of space and place in modern youth literature, this article analyzes how the “journey” as a narrative line and motif transformed Dutch early modern travel books
for children from classical teaching instruments into explorative knowledge places. In the popular seventeenth-century Glorious and Fortunate Journey to the Holy Land, young readers were invited to travel within the book, which was presented as a place that covers material pages to observe as well as imagined places to read about. Eighteenth-century travel books, for example written by Joachim Heinrich Campe, shifted from an inner to an empirical mode of travelling. They raised the suggestion that they offered unmediated observations and travel experiences, as if reading about places was equal to seeing places. Since travel literature facilitated active knowledge quisition among youngsters, but also left little room for autonomous innovations or different interpretations, this article reveals the emancipatory as well as restrictive character of such places of learning. By turning reading into a kind of travelling, travel books served as a substitute for travel.
Kantian Non-Evidentialism and its German Antecedents: Crusius, Meier and Basedow
Authors: Chance Brian A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article aims to highlight the extent to which Kant’s account of belief draws on the views of his contemporaries. Situating the non-evidentialist features of Crusius’ account of belief within his broader account, I argue that they include antecedents to both Kant’s distinction between pragmatic and moral belief and his conception of a postulate of pure practical reason. While moving us closer to Kant’s arguments for the first postulate, however, both Crusius’ and Meier’s arguments for the immortality of the soul fail to anticipate the most important aspect of their Kantian counterparts. Developing the non-evidentialist features of Basedow’s account of belief, I distinguish it from its Pascalian and Jamesian relatives and argue that it is the clearest antecedent to Kant’s arguments for the first and second postulates. Finally, I consider the development of Kant’s account of belief after the firstCritiqueand discuss the broader implications of my analysis.
The Oslo University Adolescent and Young Adult Twin Project: Recruitment and Attrition
Authors: Torgersen Svenn , Waaktaar Trine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Oslo University Adolescent and Young Adult Twin Project started in 2006 with the first of three questionnaire data collection waves, 2 years apart. All twins from the birth cohorts 1988–1994 were invited to participate, and both the twins and their parents were asked to sign consent forms. The twins were 12–18 years old at Wave 1, at which time parents were asked to complete similar questionnaires. The parents’ questionnaire enquired about the parents’ ratings of their twin’s traits. In addition, the parents answered questions regarding their own education, demographics and socioeconomic situation. When the twins were 18 years old, they were invited to a face-to-face interview and two new questionnaires were presented. The questionnaires for the waves included a number of personality scales, internalization and externalization traits, affective and behavioral problems, as well as measures of environment and coping. The most common DSM-IV mental disorders and all personality disorders were covered in the interview. Zygosity was established both by questionnaire and gene markers. The original sample consisted of 5374 twin families, and among these, 4668 pairs were alive and living in Norway. Of these, 2486 families (53.3%) consented to participate. Of these, again 1538 twin families (61.9%) actually participated in at least one wave and twins from 1422 pairs (57.3%) participated in the interview. Female gender, but not zygosity, predicted staying in the project. Moreover, having a planning, structured personality (being more conscientious, open to experience [i.e., curious and interested in learning], having higher resilience and better school habits) increased the chance of carrying on in the project. Interestingly, the attrition did not seem to bias the heritability estimates.
Chemical termination of cover crop rapeseed
Authors: Askew M. Carter , Cahoon Charles W. , Flessner Michael L. , VanGessel Mark J. , Langston David B. , Ferebee J. Harrison 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRapeseed is a popular cover crop choice due to its deep-growing taproot, which creates soil macropores and increases water infiltration. Brassicaceae spp. that are mature or at later growth stages can be troublesome to control. Experiments were conducted in Delaware and Virginia to evaluate herbicides for terminating rapeseed cover crops. Two separate experiments, adjacent to each other, were established to evaluate rapeseed termination by 14 herbicide treatments at two timings. Termination timings included an early and late termination to simulate rapeseed termination prior to planting corn and soybean, respectively, for the region. At three locations where rapeseed height averaged 12 cm at early termination and 52 cm at late termination, glyphosate + 2,4-D was most effective, controlling rapeseed 96% 28 d after early termination (DAET). Paraquat + atrazine + mesotrione (92%), glyphosate + saflufenacil (91%), glyphosate + dicamba (91%), and glyphosate (86%) all provided at least 80% control 28 DAET. Rapeseed biomass followed a similar trend. Paraquat + 2,4-D (85%), glyphosate + 2,4-D (82%), and paraquat + atrazine + mesotrione (81%) were the only treatments that provided at least 80% control 28 d after late termination (DALT). Herbicide efficacy was less at Painter in 2017, where rapeseed height was 41 cm at early termination, and 107 cm at late termination. No herbicide treatments controlled rapeseed >80% 28 DAET or 28 DALT at this location. Herbicide termination of rapeseed is best when the plant is small; termination of large rapeseed plants may require mechanical of other methods beyond herbicides.
Numerical Simulation of the Formation of a Large Lower Positive Charge Center in a Tibetan Plateau Thunderstorm
Authors: Wang Fei , Deng Xiaohua , Zhang Yijun , Li Yajun , Zhang Guangshu , Xu Liangtao , Zheng Dong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNumerical modeling is applied to elucidate the formation mechanism of the large lower positive charge centers (LPCCs) observed during thunderstorms over the Tibetan Plateau based on the simulation of a storm at the northeastern boundary of the plateau. Four sensitivity tests were carried out to explore the impacts of inductive charging, reversal temperature, and the choice of noninductive charging scheme. The results show that the unique environmental conditions of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, which include weak convection and low freezing level, are fundamental to the formation of large LPCC. A weakened charge density in the upper positive charge center highlights the role of a LPCC in lightning initiation although the charge density of the LPCC has no obvious change compared to that in the LPCC of the typical tripole structure. This accounts for Tibetan Plateau thunderstorms having low frequencies of lightning flashes, which occur mainly in the lower dipole. Inductive electrification, which provided more than 50% of the positive charge on graupel and increased the positive and negative charge on cloud drops by 2 orders of magnitude, is an important complement to the lower dipole of the tripole charge structure originally established by noninductive electrification. The inductive electrification also evidently enhances the LPCC and the middle negative charge center while slightly reducing the upper positive charge center. Subsequently, the lightning activity is strengthened, and lightning flashes are more likely to be initiated at the lower dipole. Varying the reversal temperatures and noninductive charging scheme does not fundamentally affect the formation of the LPCC.
Sensitivity of Summer Precipitation Simulation to Microphysics Parameterization Over Eastern China: Convection‐Permitting Regional Climate Simulation
Authors: Guo Ziyue , Fang Juan , Sun Xuguang , Yang Yi , Tang Jianping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWith a six‐year (2009–2014) summer climate simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting model at convection‐permitting resolution (4‐km grid spacing), the effects of microphysics parameterization (MP) schemes on precipitation characteristics are investigated in this study. The convection‐permitting simulations employ three popular MP schemes, namely, Lin (single‐moment bulk MP), Weather Research and Forecasting Single‐Moment 5‐class (one‐moment and mixed‐phased MP), and Thompson (two‐moment and mixed‐phase MP) scheme. By evaluating the simulations against the CMORPH, rain gauge (Station), and ERA‐Interim data, it is found that the convection‐permitting model reproduce well the summer precipitation amount and the associated large‐scale atmospheric circulations, which are insensitive to the choice of MP schemes. The simulations with three MP schemes overestimate the precipitation amount, especially over the Yangtze‐Huaihe River Valley. The overestimations may be due to the systematic biases, and cannot be significantly reduced by using different MP schemes. Moreover, all simulations capture well the major features of precipitation diurnal variations and their transition characteristics, but they significantly overestimate the precipitation frequency while underestimate the precipitation intensity. The analysis on the microphysical hydrometeors shows that the model‐simulated precipitation amount is considerably affected by the vertical profiles of solid hydrometeors, especially the snow and graupel particles. The Thompson scheme creates more snow particles and less graupel than the other schemes, while produces the least precipitation amount that best matches the CMORPH.
Novel missense variants in the RNF213 gene from a European family with Moyamoya disease
Authors: Gagunashvili Andrey N. , Ocaka Louise , Kelberman Daniel , Munot Pinki , Bacchelli Chiara , Beales Philip L. , Ganesan Vijeya 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this report, we present a European family with six individuals affected with Moyamoya disease (MMD). We detected two novel missense variants in the Moyamoya susceptibility gene RNF213, c.12553A>G (p.(Lys4185Glu)) and c.12562G>A (p.(Ala4188Thr)). Cosegregation of the variants with MMD, as well as a previous report of a variant affecting the same amino acid residue in unrelated MMD patients, supports the role of RNF213 in the pathogenesis of MMD.
Retrieval of spatial representation on network level in hippocampal CA3 accompanied by overexpression and mixture of stored network patterns
Authors: Zitricky Frantisek , Jezek Karel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRetrieval of stored network activity pattern has been shown as a competitive transition from one attractor state to another, orchestrated by local theta oscillation. However, the fine nature of this process that is considered as substrate of memory recall is not clear. We found that hippocampal network recall is characterized by hyperactivity in the CA3 place cell population, associated with an “overexpression” of the retrieved network pattern. The overexpression was based on recruitment of cells from the same (recalled) spatial representation with low expected firing probability at the given position. We propose that increased place cell activation during state transitions might facilitate pattern completion towards the retrieved network state and stabilize its expression in the network. Furthermore, we observed frequent mixing of both activity patterns at the temporal level of a single theta cycle. On a sub-theta cycle scale, we found signs of segregation that might correspond to a gamma oscillation patterning, as well as occasional mixing at intervals of less than 5 milliseconds. Such short timescale coactivity might induce plasticity mechanisms, leading to associations across the two originally decorrelated network activity states.
Radio-selective effects of a natural occurring muscle-derived dipeptide in A549 and normal cell lines
Authors: Ybarra Norma , Seuntjens Jan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) causes morbidity and long-term side effects. A challenge in RT is to maximize cancer cells killing while minimizing damage to normal tissue. The ideal radio-protector selectively improves survival and limits damage to normal tissues while reducing survival of cancer cells. Muscle-derived dipeptide, L-carnosine (CAR) is a potent antioxidant, with radio-protective, but also anticancer properties, affecting the cell cycle of cancer cells. We tested CAR effects in lung cancer cells, differentiated and undifferentiated normal cells. We hypothesized that CAR antioxidant properties will confer protection to the two normal cell lines against RT, while preventing lung cancer cell proliferation, and that CAR may act as a radiosensitizer of lung cancer cells due to its effects on cell-cycle progression of cancer cells. Under the experimental conditions reported here, we found that CAR increased radio-sensitivity of lung (A549) cancer cells by increasing the percentage of cells in G2/M (radiosensitive) phase of cell cycle, it negatively affected their bioenergetics, therefore reduced their viability, and DNA-double strand break repair capacity. CAR had either no effect or reduced RT-induced damage in normal cells, depending on the cell type. CAR is a versatile natural occurring compound, that could improve RT-induced lung cancer cells killing, while reducing the damage to normal differentiated and undifferentiated cells.
Evaluation of the feasibility of intrapancreatic delivery of drug-loaded microparticles via EUS-guided fine needle injection using a swine model
Authors: Caceres Jennifer , Munoz-Sagastibelza Maria , Hossian A. K. M. Nawshad , Paredes Jenny , Barrera Kaylene , Mattheolabakis George , Martello Laura A. , Vignesh Shivakumar 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Patients with pancreatic cancer often have locally advanced or metastatic disease and are not candidates for curative surgery. Polymer-based microparticles (MPs) represent a drug delivery system that offers sustained release of a chemotherapeutic drug after intralesional injection for local tumor management. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle injection (EUS-FNI) of drug-loaded MPs tagged with a fluorophore and fiducial markers for locating the injection site. Secondary aims were to determine the tissue-specific effects of MPs.
Methods Five pigs underwent EUS with selection of an injection site within the pancreas that was marked by placing fiducial markers prior to the MPs injection. EUS-FNI of either blank microparticles (BMPs), containing no drug, or gemcitabine-loaded microparticles (GMPs) was performed. A saline flush containing Spot Endoscopic Marker was used to expel any residual MPs in the needle shaft and tattoo the injection site.
Results A green fluorescent protein flashlight was used to successfully identify the site of MP injection sites in the dissected pancreas. Frozen sections of pig pancreas demonstrated a defined deposit, confirming the delivery of the MPs. Finally, fluorescence microscopy showed activation of caspase-mediated cell death in pancreases of animals that received injections of GMPs.
Conclusions This pilot study demonstrated that fiducial marker placement and pancreatic EUS-FNI of MPs was successful in all pigs with no animals demonstrating pancreatitis. Further studies are needed to determine the role for intralesional injection of drug-loaded MPs in borderline resectable or unresectable pancreatic cancer.
Delphi-Konsens der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie über das Management von Thoraxdrainagen
Authors: Koryllos Aris , Eggeling Stephan , Schega Olaf , Schweigert Michael , Leschber Gunda 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Thoraxdrainagen sind ein wichtiges Arbeitsinstrument, nicht nur in der Thoraxchirurgie, wo sie täglich eingelegt, modifiziert und entfernt werden, sondern in vielen Fachrichtungen bei Auftreten von thorakalen Problemen wie Pneumothorax oder Pleuraergüssen. Ziel dieser Arbeitsgruppe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie war die Erarbeitung eines Konsensus anhand des Delphi-Verfahrens bez. der Handhabung von Thoraxdrainagen.
Methodik Die Arbeitsgruppe erarbeitete 2 elektronische Delphi-Fragerunden. Als Konsens wurde eine Übereinstimmung in ≥ 75% definiert. Nach der statistischen Auswertung der Ergebnisse der elektronischen Fragerunde erfolgte eine Expertenkonferenz, die in einer finalen Delphi-Abstimmung versucht hat, weiteren Konsens über noch strittige Themen zu erreichen.
Ergebnisse Dreizehn Fragen bez. der Handhabung von Thoraxdrainagen konnten formuliert und abgestimmt werden. Konsens konnte für folgende Themen erreicht werden: Bedingungen der Anlage, Größe der Thoraxdrainage, Anlagetechnik, Diagnostik nach Anlage und vor Entfernung, postinterventionelle Handhabung der Thoraxdrainage, Dokumentation, Zahl der Drainagen nach anatomischer Lungenresektion, Verwendung von Fibrinolytika, Art der Unterdruckerzeugung. Kein Konsens konnte für folgende Themen erreicht werden: Eigenblutpleurodese, Reduktion des angewendeten Sogs bei persistierender Fistelung.
Fazit Die vorliegende Arbeit fasst die Ergebnisse eines Delphi-Prozesses zusammen, der 2017 – 2018 mit Experten aus zertifizierten Kliniken oder hochvolumigen thoraxchirurgischen Einheiten geführt wurde. Insgesamt zeigte sich eine sehr hohe Konsensrate bez. Drainagenanlage, perinterventionellem Management und Entfernungsalgorithmus. Die Handhabung bei hohem Fistelvolumen war der Hauptpunkt, bei dem ein Konsens nicht erreicht werden konnte. Die o. g. Empfehlungen sollen als Ausgangspunkt für die Entwicklung von klinikinternen Standards dienen, da sie auf konsentierten Expertenmeinungen basieren.
Sealing the Intramedullary Femoral Canal for Blood Loss in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Wang Keping , Yuan Wenhua , An Jiangdong , Cheng Peng , Song Pengjie , Li Shaolong , Jiang Jin , Zhou Haiyu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBlood loss after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a potentially serious medical problem since it leads to anemia, increased need for transfusion, and prolonged hospitalization. Some studies have reported that sealing of the intramedullary femoral canal during TKA may decrease postoperative blood loss. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of sealing of the intramedullary femoral canal during TKA on blood loss and transfusion rate. Electronic databases, PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Chinese Biomedical Database, were systematically searched. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the sealing group with the control group during TKA were included up to March 2019. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies. The statistical analysis was performed by using Review Manager 5.3 software. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used for quality assessment. Overall, eight RCTs involving 996 patients met our criteria and were analyzed. The results of meta-analysis showed that patients in the sealed group had less total blood loss, less total drain output and less hidden blood loss, less transfusion rates, a lower drop of hemoglobin level at day 1 postoperatively, and less hematoma than the control group. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in infection, deep vein thrombosis, and redness of incision between sealed and control group. Current meta-analysis found that sealing the femoral canal during TKA was an effective method for the control of blood loss.