bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic functional connectivity markers of objective trait mindfulness
Authors: Lim Julian , Teng James , Patanaik Amiya , Tandi Jesisca , Massar Stijn A. A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhile mindfulness is commonly viewed as a skill to be cultivated through practice, untrained individuals can also vary widely in dispositional mindfulness. Prior research has identified static neural connectivity correlates of this trait. Here, we use dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) analysis of resting-state fMRI to study time-varying connectivity patterns associated with naturally varying and objectively measured trait mindfulness. Participants were selected from the top and bottom tertiles of performers on a breath-counting task to form high trait mindfulness (HTM; N = 21) and low trait mindfulness (LTM; N = 18) groups. DFC analysis of resting state fMRI data revealed that the HTM group spent significantly more time in a brain state associated with task-readiness – a state characterized by high within-network connectivity and greater anti-correlations between task-positive networks and the default-mode network (DMN). The HTM group transitioned between brain states more frequently, but the dwell time in each episode of the task-ready state was equivalent between groups. These results persisted even after controlling for vigilance. Across individuals, certain connectivity metrics were weakly correlated with self-reported mindfulness as measured by the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, though these did not survive multiple comparisons correction. In the static connectivity maps, HTM individuals had greater within-network connectivity in the DMN and the salience network, and greater anti-correlations between the DMN and task-positive networks. In sum, DFC features robustly distinguish HTM and LTM individuals, and may be useful biological markers for the measurement of dispositional mindfulness.
PromoterPredict: sequence-based modelling of Escherichia coli σ70 promoter strength yields logarithmic dependence between promoter strength and sequence
Authors: Bharanikumar Ramit , Premkumar Keshav Aditya R. , Palaniappan Ashok 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe present PromoterPredict, a dynamic multiple regression approach to predict the strength of Escherichia coli promoters binding the σ70 factor of RNA polymerase. σ70 promoters are ubiquitously used in recombinant DNA technology, but characterizing their strength is demanding in terms of both time and money. Using a well-characterized set of promoters, we trained a multivariate linear regression model and found that the log of the promoter strength is significantly linearly associated with a weighted sum of the –10 and –35 sequence profile scores. It was found that the two regions contributed almost equally to the promoter strength. PromoterPredict accepts –10 and –35 hexamer sequences and returns the predicted promoter strength. It is capable of dynamic learning from user-supplied data to refine the model construction and yield more confident estimates of promoter strength.AvailabilityOpen source code and a standalone executable with both dynamic model-building and prediction are available (under GNU General Public License 3.0) at https://github.com/PromoterPredict, and require Python 2.7 or greater. PromoterPredict is also available as a web service at https://promoterpredict.com.Contactapalania@scbt.sastra.edu
Stabilising and destabilising kinesin complexes queue at plus tips to ensure microtubule catastrophe at cell ends
Authors: Meadows John C. , Messin Liam J. , Kamnev Anton , Lancaster Theresa C. , Balasubramanian Mohan K. , Cross Robert A. , Millar Jonathan B.A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn fission yeast, the length of interphase microtubule (iMT) arrays are adapted to cell length so as to maintain cell polarity and to help centre the nucleus and cell division ring. Here we show that length regulation of iMTs is dictated by spatially-regulated competition between MT-stabilising Tea2/Tip1/Mal3 (Kinesin-7) and MT-destabilising Klp5/Klp6/Mcp1 (Kinesin-8) complexes at iMT plus tips. During MT growth, the Tea2/Tip1/Mal3 complex remains bound to the plus tips of iMT bundles and restricts access to the plus tips by Klp5/Klp6/Mcp1, which accumulates behind it. At cell ends, Klp5/Klp6/Mcp1 invades the space occupied by the Tea2/Tip1/Tea1 kinesin complex triggering its displacement from iMT plus tips and MT catastrophe. These data show that in vivo, whilst the “antenna model” for iMT length- and age-dependent catastrophase accumulation has validity, length control is an emergent property reflecting spatially-regulated competition between multiple complexes at the MT plus tip.
Direct estimation of mutations in great apes reveals significant recent human slowdown in the yearly mutation rate
Authors: Besenbacher Søren , Hvilsom Christina , Marques-Bonet Tomas , Mailund Thomas , Schierup Mikkel Heide 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe human mutation rate per generation estimated from trio sequencing has revealed an almost linear relationship with the age of the father and the age of the mother. The yearly trio-based mutation rate estimate of ~0.43×10−9 is markedly lower than prior indirect estimates of ~1×10−9 per year from phylogenetic comparisons of the great apes. This suggests either a slowdown over the past 10 million years or an inaccurate interpretation of the fossil record. Here we use sequencing of chimpanzee, gorilla and orangutan trios and find that each species has higher estimated mutation rates per year by factors of 1.67+/− 0.22, 1.54+/− 0.2 and 1.84+/− 0.19, respectively. These estimates suggest a very recent and appreciable slowdown in human mutation rate, and, if extrapolated over the great apes phylogeny, yields divergence estimates much more in line with the fossil record and the biogeography.
Anisotropic Crb accumulation, modulated by Src42A, orients epithelial tube growth in Drosophila
Authors: Olivares-Castiñeira Ivette , Llimargas Marta 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSize control of internal tubular organs, such as the lungs or vascular system, is critical for proper physiological activity and to prevent disease or malformations. This control incorporates the intrinsic physical anisotropy of tubes to generate proportionate organs that match their function. The exact mechanisms underlying tube size control and how tubular anisotropy is translated at the cellular level are still not fully understood. Here we investigate these mechanisms using the Drosophila tracheal system. We show that the apical polarity protein Crumbs transiently accumulates anisotropically at longitudinal cell junctions during tube elongation. We provide evidence indicating that the accumulation of Crumbs in specific apical domains correlates with apical surface growth. Hence, we propose that the anisotropic accumulation of Crb at the cellular level promotes a bias towards longitudinal membrane growth, orienting cell elongation and, as a consequence, longitudinal growth at the tissue level. We find that Src42A promotes Crb anisotropic accumulation, thereby identifying the first polarised cell behaviour downstream of Src42A. Our results indicate that Src42A activity favours a higher turnover of Crb protein at longitudinal junctions, possibly through a mechanism regulating protein trafficking and/or recycling. We propose a model where Src42A would sense the inherent anisotropic mechanical tension of the tube and translate it into a polarised Crumbs-mediated membrane growth, orienting longitudinal tube growth. This work provides new insights into the key question of how organ growth is controlled and polarised and unveils the function of two conserved proteins, Crumbs and Src42A, with important roles in development and homeostasis as well as in disease, in this biological process.
A taxonomically-restricted Uric Acid transporter provides insight into antioxidant equilibrium
Authors: Oliveira Diogo , Machado André , Cardoso Tiago , Lopes-Marques Mónica , Castro L. Filipe C. , Ruivo Raquel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNucleobase-Ascorbate Transporter (NAT) family includes ascorbic acid, nucleobases and uric acid transporters, with a broad evolutionary distribution. In vertebrates, four members have been previously recognized, the ascorbate transporters Slc23a1 and Slc3a2, the nucleobase transporter Slc23a4 and an orphan transporter SLC23A3. Here we identify a fifth member of the vertebrateslc23complement (slc23a5), expressed in neopterygians (gars and teleosts) and amphibians, and clarify the evolutionary relationships between the novel gene and knownslc23genes. Further comparative analysis puts forward uric acid as the preferred substrate for Slc23a5. Gene expression quantification suggests kidney and testis as major expression sites inXenopus tropicalis(western clawed frog) andDanio rerio(zebrafish). Additional expression in brain was detected inD. rerio, while in the NeoteleosteiOryzias latipes(medaka)slc23a5expression is restricted to brain. The biological relevance of the retention of an extra transporter in fish and amphibians is examined: with respect to the (1) antioxidant role of uric and ascorbic acid in seminal fluid and brain, (2) the ability to endogenously synthesize ascorbic acid and (3) the morphological adaptations of the male urogenital system.
A polygenicpfactor for major psychiatric disorders
Authors: Selzam Saskia , Coleman Jonathan R. I. , Caspi Avshalom , Moffitt Terrie E. , Plomin Robert 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIt has recently been proposed that a single dimension, called thepfactor, can capture a person’s liability to mental disorder. Relevant to thephypothesis, recent genetic research has found surprisingly high genetic correlations between pairs of psychiatric disorders. Here, for the first time we compare genetic correlations from different methods and examine their support for a geneticpfactor. We tested the hypothesis of a geneticpfactor by using principal component analysis on matrices of genetic correlations between major psychiatric disorders estimated by three methods – family study, Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis, and Linkage-Disequilibrium Score Regression – and on a matrix of polygenic score correlations constructed for each individual in a UK-representative sample of 7,026 unrelated individuals. All disorders loaded on a first unrotated principal component, which accounted for 57%, 43%, 34% and 19% of the variance respectively for each method. Our results showed that all four methods provided strong support for a geneticpfactor that represents the pinnacle of the hierarchical genetic architecture of psychopathology.
Dynamic temperature-sensitive A-to-I RNA editing in the brain of a heterothermic mammal during hibernation
Authors: Riemondy Kent A. , Gillen Austin E. , White Emily A. , Bogren Lori K. , Hesselberth Jay R. , Martin Sandra L. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTRNA editing diversifies genomically encoded information to expand the complexity of the transcriptome. In ectothermic organisms, including Drosophila and Cephalopoda, where body temperature mirrors ambient temperature, decreases in environmental temperature lead to increases in A-to-I RNA editing and cause amino acid recoding events that are thought to be adaptive responses to temperature fluctuations. In contrast, endothermic mammals, including humans and mice, typically maintain a constant body temperature despite environmental changes. Here, A-to-I editing primarily targets repeat elements, rarely results in the recoding of amino acids and plays a critical role in innate immune tolerance. Hibernating ground squirrels provide a unique opportunity to examine RNA editing in a heterothermic mammal whose body temperature varies over 30°C and can be maintained at 5°C for many days during torpor. We profiled the transcriptome in three brain regions at six physiological states to quantify RNA editing and determine whether cold-induced RNA editing modifies the transcriptome as a potential mechanism for neuroprotection at low temperature during hibernation. We identified 5,165 A-to-I editing sites in 1,205 genes with dynamically increased editing after prolonged cold exposure. The majority (99.6%) of the cold-increased editing sites are outside of previously annotated coding regions, 82.7% lie in SINE-derived repeats, and 12 sites are predicted to recode amino acids. Additionally, A-to-I editing frequencies increase with increasing cold-exposure demonstrating that ADAR remains active during torpor. Our findings suggest that dynamic A-to-I editing at low body temperature may provide a neuroprotective mechanism to limit aberrant dsRNA accumulation during torpor in the mammalian hibernator.
The putative compatible solute-binding protein ProX fromMycobacterium tuberculosisH37Rv: biochemical characterization and crystallographic data
Authors: Zhao Jian-Hong , Chen Jiang-Huai , Wang Yong , Wang Zhi-Ping , He Yong-Xing 
Published: March 2018

InMycobacterium tuberculosis, theproXgene encodes a putative compatible solute-binding protein (MtProX). However, it was found through sequence alignment that the MtProX protein has very different ligand-binding residues compared with other compatible solute-binding proteins, implying that MtProX may bind to ligands that are as yet uncharacterized. In this work, it was demonstrated that MtProX binds to polyphenols such as phloretin, monoacetylphloroglucinol and 2,4-dihydroxyacetophloroglucinol with dissociation constants between 20 and 70 µM. Crystals of MtProX were obtained using a precipitant consisting of 0.2 MNaCl, 0.1 MTris pH 8.5, 25%(w/v) polyethylene glycol 3350. The crystals diffracted to 2.10 Å resolution and belonged to space groupP43212, with unit-cell parametersa=b= 90.17,c= 161.92 Å, α = β = γ = 90.0°. Assuming the presence of two MtProX molecules in the asymmetric unit, the Matthews coefficient was calculated to be 2.74 Å3 Da−1, which corresponds to a solvent content of 55%.
The key technology toward the self-driving car
Authors: Zhao Jianfeng , Liang Bodong , Chen Qiuxia 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The successful and commercial use of self-driving/driverless/unmanned/automated car will make human life easier. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper reviews the key technology of a self-driving car. In this paper, the four key technologies in self-driving car, namely, car navigation system, path planning, environment perception and car control, are addressed and surveyed. The main research institutions and groups in different countries are summarized. Finally, the debates of self-driving car are discussed and the development trend of self-driving car is predicted.

Findings
This paper analyzes the key technology of self-driving car and illuminates the state-of-art of the self-driving car.

Originality/value
The main research contents and key technology have been introduced. The research progress as well as the research institution has been summarized.
Inside out, outside in: “supporting members” in multi-stakeholder cooperatives
Authors: Michaud Myriam , Audebrand Luc K. 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine multi-stakeholder cooperatives (MSCs), a relatively new and understudied type of cooperative, by focusing on the impact of a new member status: the “supporting member.” Supporting members are included in the ownership structure, participate in the decision-making process and contribute to the share capital without being formally defined as users of the cooperative’s services, an important disruption to the traditional cooperative venture.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on a qualitative study using in-depth interviews with 30 members (i.e. founders, managers, board members and employees) of 14 MSCs located in the Canadian province of Québec.FindingsThis study suggests that including supporting members in the cooperative venture impacts the three core features of cooperatives, which are traditionally user-owned, user-controlled and user-benefiting. Despite supporting members’ positive contributions to an MSC’s development and success, the inclusion of such members generates management challenges and organizational paradoxes.Social implicationsThe inclusion of supporting members allows MSCs to become an experiment in “stakeholder democracy” and a space of negotiation between organizations, citizens and institutions, as MSCs represent and embody some of the community’s needs and desires.Originality/valueThis study constitutes an original contribution to paradox literature, as it describes the specific upward and downward spirals related to the inclusion of supporting members, highlights innovative responses to these paradoxes and extends understandings of cooperatives as hybrid organizations entangled in bundles of paradoxes.
Case of lamotrigine‐induced drug adverse reaction under tocilizumab treatment with clinical and virological features of drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome
Authors: Iriki Hisato , Ouchi Takeshi , Ito Hiromi , Sawada Miho , Mukai Miho , Nomura Hisashi , Baba Yuko , Adachi Takeya , Funakoshi Takeru , Amagai Masayuki , Takahashi Hayato 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe pathological mechanisms and immunological kinetics of drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), including the relevance of interleukin (IL)‐6, remain unclear. We report a case of drug adverse reaction that does not fulfill the diagnostic criteria of DIHS but mimics its characteristic features. Because the patient was under anti‐IL‐6 therapy at the onset, some symptoms typically seen in DIHS were absent, such as fever and leukocyte count abnormalities. However, the characteristic features of DIHS were clearly observed in the subsequent course, including the repeated recurrence of skin rash, prolonged liver dysfunction and reactivation of herpes viruses. This case suggested that IL‐6 role at the onset is not a main factor to determine the subsequent pathomechanism of DIHS and attention should be paid to the preceding therapy for achieving accurate diagnosis.
Hyperuricaemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kawada Tomoyuki 
Published: March 2018

SummaryChoi et al reported the effect of hyperuricaemia on the new‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). I present three queries. (i) Insulin is considered to stimulate uric acid reabsorption via specific transporter and the effect of hyperuricaemia on the new‐onset T2DM should be evaluated by considering insulin resistance. (ii) There is a limitation in the number of events for stable estimates. (iii) Obesity and sex should be considered for the analysis.
Influence of diabetes on tissue healing in orthopaedic injuries
Authors: Stolarczyk Artur , Sarzyńska Sylwia , Gondek Agata , Cudnoch‐Jędrzejewska Agnieszka 
Published: March 2018

SummaryDiabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting from the defective action or secretion of insulin. Chronic hyperglycaemia can lead to the damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs. In the context of complications of healing and orthopaedic rehabilitation, vascular (microangiopathy) and nerve (neuropathy) disorders deserve particular attention. About 12% of the patients admitted to orthopaedic departments have diabetes. Studies indicate that there is an indisputable link between diabetes and: an increased risk of fractures, the difficult healing of injuries of bones, ligaments and musculotendinous. It appears that one of the main reasons for this is non‐enzymatic glycosylation (glycation) of collagen molecules, a phenomenon observed in the elderly and diabetic populations, as it leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Collagen is one of the major connective tissue components, and is therefore part of ligaments, tendons and bones. AGEs affect the weakening of its structure and biomechanical properties, and thus also affects the weakening of the structure and properties of the above‐mentioned tissues. The aim of the study is to undertake an overview of the current knowledge of the impact of diabetes on the risk of some injuries and subsequent healing and rehabilitation of patients following orthopaedic injuries.
Down‐regulation of microRNA‐375 regulates adipokines and inhibits inflammatory cytokines by targeting AdipoR2 in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Lei Lei , Zhou Chao , Yang Xue , Li Liangping 
Published: March 2018

SummaryNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been considered as a multi‐factorial metabolic syndrome. MicroRNA‐375 (MiR‐375) was significantly up‐regulated in serum of NAFLD patients and the role of miR‐375 was addressed as a putative biomarker of NAFLD progression. However, the specific function of miR‐375 in the progression of NAFLD is still unclear and the molecular mechanisms underlying NAFLD have yet to be elucidated. Our study aimed at investigating the regulatory role of miR‐375 in the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenic progression of NAFLD and to find out whether miR‐375 regulates the expression level of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines in NAFLD. We found that miR‐375 expression was increased in the serum of high fat diet (HFD)‐feeding mice comparing to that in healthy controls, whereas the expression of Adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) was decreased in mice fed with HFD. Moreover, inhibiton of miR‐375 up‐regulated the expression of Adiponectin, inhibited the lipid accumulation and down‐regulated both the level of Leptin and inflammatory cytokines including tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐6 in palmiticacid (PA)‐induced human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. In addition, we also found that AdipoR2 was a target of miR‐375 by binding directly to the 3′UTR of it. Of note, the reduced level of TNF‐α, IL‐6 as well as Leptin and the production of Adiponectin by miR‐375 inhibitors was significantly reversed by silencing of AdipoR2 in PA‐induced HepG2 cells. Our findings bring new insight into understanding the complex mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD and provide evidence that miR‐375 might represent a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD.
Between recognition and redistribution: disability, (human) rights, and struggles over welfare in Serbia
Authors: Mikuš Marek 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article analyses the discourse surrounding, implementation of, and struggles over the new disability policy in Serbia to show how its founding principles of human rights became partially co‐opted by neoliberal welfare restructuring. As a result, it sought to make disabled people not only equal but also economically ‘independent’ in the sense of relying on wage labour instead of welfare. Owing to its inadequate assumptions and instruments, the policy has largely failed to deliver on these objectives. Disabled people mobilized against neoliberalization by defending material welfare entitlements inherited from Yugoslav socialism. At the same time, they appropriated the register of human rights to demand a substantive political and civic equality. This points to the possibility of rights‐based projects that fuse rather than oppose the politics of recognition and redistribution.