bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tropane Alkaloids of Hyoscyamus boveanus, H. desertorum, H. muticus and H. albus from Egypt
Authors: El-Shazly Assem , Tei Andreas , Witte Ludger , El-Domiaty Mäher , Wink Michael 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The alkaloid composition of Hyoscyam us boveanus, H. desertorum, H. muticus and H. albus was investigated by capillary GLC and GLC-mass spectrometry. Altogether 39 alka­loids of the tropane and pyrrolidine types were identified. Several alkaloids were found in the different species for the first time, e.g., 22 alkaloids in H. boveanus, 13 in H. desertorum, 24 in H. muticus and 4 in H. albus. 3β-Hyoscyamine, dehydrohyoscyamine, phyllalbine, 3α-phenylacetyltropane, phenylacetylscopine as well as phygrine and 2,3-diacetonyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidine are apparently new for the genus Hyoscyamus. Alkaloid profiles and alkaloid contents of flowers, fruits, leaves, stems and roots were determined and their chemoecological functions discussed.
Inhibition of Succinic Dehydrogenase and F0F1-ATP Synthase by 4,4'-Diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid (DIDS)
Authors: Bernardes Celene F. , Meyer-Fernandes Jose R. , Martins Orlando B. , Vercesi Anibal E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This study shows that incubation of rat liver mitochondria in the presence of the thiol/ amino reagent 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DID S) is followed by inhibition of both succinate supported respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. Half-maximal inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase activity and succinate oxidation by mitochondria was attained at 55.3 and 60.8 μm DIDS, respectively. DIDS did inhibit the net ATP synthesis and ATP ⇔ [32P]Pi exchange reaction catalyzed by submitochondrial particles in a dose-dependent manner (Ki= 31.7 μm and Ki = 32.7 μm), respectively. The hydrolytic activities of uncoupled heart submitochondrial particles and purified F 1 -ATPase were also inhibited 50% by 31.9 and 20.9 μm DIDS, respectively.
Interaction of Lignans with Human Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)
Authors: Schöttner Matthias , Ganßer Dietmar , Spitelle Gerhard 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Lignans bind to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG ). The lignan with the highest binding affinity is (±)-3,4-divanillyltetrahydrofuran. In a double Stobbe condensation - without use of protecting groups - a wide variety of lignans with different substitution pattern in the aromatic and aliphatic part of the molecule was synthesized. These lignans were tested in a SHBG -binding assay which allowed to deduce the following relationship between structure and activity: 1) (±)-diastereoisomers are more active than meso compounds 2.) the 4-hydroxy- 3-methoxy (guajacyl) substitution pattern in the aromatic part is most effective 3.) the activity increases with the decline in polarity of the aliphatic part of the molecule.
Isolation and Analysis of Moenomycin and Its Biosynthetic Intermediates from Streptomyces ghanaensis (ATCC 14672) Wildtype and Selected Mutants
Authors: Subramaniam-Niehaus Bhavani , Schneider Thomas , Metzger Jörg W. , Wohlleben Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Streptomyces ghanaensis (ATCC 14672) produces the phosphoglycolipid antibiotic moenomycin consisting of several components. A solid phase extraction procedure was developed which allowed a rapid isolation of both moenomycin and its biosynthetic intermediates from culture filtrates. Semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography followed by high performance liquid chromatographv-mass spectrometry provided structural data on the different moenomycin components. In order to obtain initial information on the biosynthetic pathway, moenomycin non-producing mutants were isolated. They were shown to release intermediates with shorter lipid chains suggesting that the lipid chain synthesis probably takes place at a later stage of the moenomycin biosynthesis. Based on the biological activity and the analytical data, we assume that a modification and in particular a shorter lipid portion drastically influences the inhibitory activity of this antibiotic.
Preventive Action of Phospholipids on Decomposition of Methyl 13-Hydroperoxyoctadecadienoate
Authors: Alam Md Khorshed , Nakajima Shuhei , Baba Naomichi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The effects of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyletha-nolamine and phosphatidylserine on the thermal decom­position of methyl 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoate were investigated in a chloroform/methanol mixture. Among the phospholipids tested, phosphatidylserine in­ hibited the thermal decomposition of methyl 13-hydro­ peroxyoctadecadienoate to about 30% after exposure to 60 °C for 48h wheareas only 10% remained in the absence of the phospholipid for the same heating period. Addition of eugenol with phosphatidylserine showed high synergistic activity which prevented the decomposition of the hydroperoxide to a higher extent under the same conditions. Phosphatidylserine was also found to inhibit iron -accelerated decomposition of methyl 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoate. Moreover, the decomposition of the hydroperoxide accelerated by ascorbic acid was effectively prevented by a combination of eugenol and phosphatidylserine.
Levels of Biogenic Amines in the Brain during Pupal and Adult Development of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Shimizu T. , Takeda N. , Yagi S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Levels of a wide range of biogenic amines and related metabolites were determined in the brain of the silk­ worm, Bomby mori, during pupal and adult development using a three-dimensional HPLC system with multiple coulometric electrochemical detection.
In the brain of the female adults, metabolic pathways such as tyrosine (TYR-4)->dihydroxyphenylalanine (L -DOPA)-dopamine (DA), TYR-4->tyramine (TYRA), and tryptophan (TRP)->5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were identified. At this stage, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyleth-ylene (DOPAC) was also detected. Metabolic pathways of biogenic amines in the brain from pupal to adult stages are discussed.
Synthesis of 4-Aza-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole and Biosynthetic Preparation of 4-and 7-Aza-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolylcobamide
Authors: Renz Paul , Pfitzner Inka , Endres Birgit , Hasselwander Oliver 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We report on the preparation of 4-aza-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolylcobamide and 5,6-dimethyl-7-azabenzimidazolylcobamide. These vitamin B12-analogs were required as reference compounds for comparison with a corrinoid previously isolated in small amounts from Eu­bacterium limosum grown in the presence of 4(5)-aminoimidazole.
4(7)-Aza-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole was synthesized from N-1-benzyl-4-nitroimidazole which was reduced to N-1-benzyl-4-aminoimidazole and condensed with 1-dimethylamino-2-methylbutan-3-one to yield N-1-benzyl-4-aza-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole. The benzyl group of this compound was split off by catalytic hydrogenation to form 4(7)-aza-5,6-dimethylbenz-imidazole.
4(7)-Aza-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole was transformed by a growing culture of Propionibac­terium shermanii into 4-aza-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolylcobamide and 5,6-dimethyl-7-azabenz-imidazolylcobamide. Both vitamin B 12-analogs were almost as active as Vitamin B12 in a growth test with the vitamin B12-dependent Escherichia coli-mutant DSM 4261.
A Quantitative Evaluation of the Lipid Composition of Leaves of Aleurites montana as a Consequence of Growth under 0.3 ppm SO2 in the Atmosphere
Authors: He P. , Radunz A. , Bader K. P. , Schmid G. H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Gassing during 14 days of Aleurites plants with 0.3 ppm SO2 leads to quantitative modifications of the lipid composition of leaves. The ratio of phospholipids to glycolipids is shifted from 1:3 in control plants to 1:1.8 in SO2-plants. Glycolipids decrease from 62% of total lipids in control plants to 50% in SO2-plants. On the other hand phospholipids increase from 20% in control plants to 28% of total lipids in SO2-plants. This implies that not only the thylakoid membrane but also the mitochondrial membranes and cell membranes of tonoplasts and of the plasmalemma suffer modifications under the influence of SO2. With respect to the fatty acid composition, despite the drastic change in the lipid composition no alteration in comparison to control plants is seen. Chlorophylls increase in SO2-plants by 24% . Also the content of β-carotene, and of the xanthophylls lutein, violaxanthin and neoxanthin is increased. Only zeaxanthin exhibits a decrease. From the changes in the chlorophyll and carotenoid content it can be concluded that in SO2-plants the light-harvesting-complex (LHCP) is stronger developed (P. He, A. Radunz, K. P. Bader and G. H. Schmid, Z. f. Naturforsch. 51c, 441- 453 and 833-840, 1996).
Benzoic Acid Accumulation in the Pinus thunbergii Callus Inoculated with the Pine Wood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Zhang Hong , Kanzaki Hiroshi , Kawazu Kazuyoshi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Phenylacetic acid (PA), a phytotoxic product of the bacteria accompanying the virulent nematode isolate OKD-3 was detected in the callus of Pinus thunbergii after inoculation with the nematode. The amount of PA detected was large enough to induce the formation and accumulation of benzoic acid (BA) and its conjugates in the callus. These results further support the hypotheses that PA is the pathogenic toxin and that the PA-producing bacterial strains accompanying the pathogenic nematode are the genuine pathogens of the pine wilt disease.
Trypanosoma brucei: Ecto-Phosphatase Activity Present on the Surface of Intact Procyclic Forms
Authors: Fernandes Eloise C. , Meyer-Fernandes José R. , Silva-Neto Mário A. C. , Vercesi Anibal E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The results presented in this paper indicate that procyclic forms of Trypanosoma brucei possess a phosphatase activity detected in the external cell surface able to hydrolyze about 0.7 nmol ∙ mg−1. min−1 p-nitrophenylphosphate. A faster rate of hydrolysis was observed when membrane-enriched fractions were used. This activity is weakly sensitive to 1 mᴍ NaF, 10 mᴍ tartrate and 10 mᴍ levamizole but strongly inhibited by 0.1 mᴍ vanadate. Inhibition by both NaF and vanadate have a competitive character. This phosphatase activity decreases by increasing the pH from 6.8 to 8.4, a pH range in which cell viability was maintained during at least 1 hour. In the membrane-enriched fractions this phosphatase activity showed to be an acid phosphatase. In addition, intact cells could catalyze the dephosphorylation of [32P]phosphocasein phosphorylated at serine and threonine residues.
Upstream Parameters Affecting the Cell Growth and Xylitol Production by Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037
Authors: Silva S. S. , Quesada-Chanto A. , Vitolo M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The effects of yeast extract (0-10g/l), methanol (0-10%v/v), acetic acid (0-1.0g/l), furfural (0-0.5g/l), glucose (0-30g/l), inoculum age (15-70h) and product concentration (18-230g/l) on the xylose-xylitol conversion by Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037 were studied. The xylitol specific productivity increased about 35% at a yeast extract concentration of 1.0g/l, whereas glucose showed a strong inhibitory effect on the xylitol production and a stimulating effect on the growth of C. guilliermondii. Methanol, acetic acid and furfural under the employed concentrations did not show any positive effect neither on the growth or on the xylose-xylitol conversion by the yeast. The inoculum age showed a strong influence on xylitol formation and the best fermentative parameters were attained using a 40-h inoculum age. A xylitol concentration in the fermentation medium higher than 80g/l inhibited mark­edly the xylitol productivity by the yeast C. guilliermondii.
Schizokinen, the Siderophore of the Plant Deleterious Bacterium Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum ATCC 11696
Authors: Budzikiewicz Herbert , Münzinger Maik , Taraz Kambiz , Meyer Jean-Marie 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Ralstonia (formerly Burkholderia or Pseudomonas) solanacearum ATCC 11696 - a plant deleterious bacterium - was shown to produce under iron limited conditions of growth an iron complexing compound which facilitated iron uptake into iron-starved cells. The structure of the siderophore was elucidated as 4-[[(3-acetylhydroxyamino)-propyl]amino]-2-[2-[[3-(acetylhydroxyamino)-propyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-butanoic acid, a compound known under the trivial name of schizokinen. Its partially cyclized form, schizokinen A , could also be isolated from the R. solanacearum culture supernatant and was characterized.
Reduced Indole-3-acetic Acid Decomposition Causes Enhanced Growth of Plums Affected by the Fungus Taphrina pruni
Authors: Fuchs Claus T. , Spiteller Gerhard 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Plums attacked by the fungus Taphrina pruni produce great amounts of catechins and caffeoyl-ᴅ-quinic acids. This reduces - as we show in this paper - the degradation of indole-3-acetic acid. The increased indole-3-acetic acid concentration causes enhanced growth of infected plums in comparison to not infected ones.
Corynebactin, a Cyclic Catecholate Siderophore from
Authors: Budzikiewicz H. , Bössenkamp A. , Taraz K. , Pandey A. , Meyer J.-M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
From cultures of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 14067 (Brevibacterium sp. DSM 20411) a catecholate sid­ erophore could be isolated. It comprises three identical units consisting of L-Thr, Gly and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid which form a tri-lactonic macrocycle -the second example of this structural type.
Flavone-7-O-sophorotriosides and Biflavonoids from the Moss Leptostomum macrocarpon (Leptostomataceae)*
Authors: Brinkmeier Elke , Geiger Hans , Zinsmeister Hans Dietmar 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
From the gametophytes of Leptostomum macrocarpon have been isolated the hitherto unknown 7-O-sophorotriosides of apigenin and luteolin as well as several known biflavonoids. The structures of the new compounds have been proved spectroscopically.
Interference of l,2,3,4-Tetramethoxy-5-(2-propenyl)benzene with Photosynthetic Electron Transport
Authors: Jimenez A. , Mata R. , Lotina-Hennsen B. , Anaya A. L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The effect of 1,2,3,4-tetramethoxy-5-(2-propenyl)benzene, the major phytogrowth-inhibitory agent isolated from the leaves, stem bark and wood of Malmea depressa (Annonaceae), on several photosynthetic activities has been investigated using freshly lysed spinach chloroplasts. The results indicate that this compound inhibits proton-uptake, ATP synthesis and electron flow (basal, phosphorylating and uncoupled) in a concentration dependent manner, therefore acting as a Hill reaction inhibitor. Uncoupled electron transport through photosystem I from reduced dichlorophenol-indophenol to methylviologen is unaffected by this compound. On the other hand, uncoupled electron transport through photosystem II from water to dichlorophenol-indophenol, from water to silicomolibdate and from diphenylcarbazide to dichlorophenol-indophenol is inhibited by this phenylpropanoid, suggesting that the site of inhibition is located in the span from P680 to QA.
DNA-Probing for Genes Coding for Denitrification, N2-Fixation and Nitrification in Bacteria Isolated from Different Soils
Authors: Kloos Karin , Hüsgen Ursula M. , Bothe Hermann 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Bacteria isolated from different layers of four soils of the Cologne area were analyzed for denitrifying, nitrifying and N2-fixing isolates by colony hybridization using gene probes. In the soils tested, the percentage of denitrifying bacteria among the total population isolated was 3 -8 % (in one case exceptionally 15%) and thus small. Denitrifying bacteria were particularly enriched in the upper layer (depth ~ 5 cm) and were present only in low amounts at 25 cm depth in two gleysol soils. Nitrate apparently did not determine the distribution of denitrifying bacteria in these soils. The potential denitrification activity of different soil layers coincided with the distribution pattern of isolates assessed by DNA-probing. The total number of bacteria and of denitrifying isolates was considerably higher in or at the roots of plants than in the bulk, root-free soil adjacent to the plants. The percentage of the isolated aerobic N2-fixing bacteria varied between 0-3 % , and these bacteria could be isolated mainly from the upper 5 cm layer. A small portion of the isolates hybridized with the probe coding for part of one subunit of ammonia monooxygenase from Nitrosomonas europaea. The investigation showed that DNA-probing can provide useful information about the relative distribution of denitrifying and N2-fixing bacteria in different soils and their layers.
Chemical Composition of Brazilian Propolis from Sao Paulo State
Authors: Marcucci M. C. , Rodriguez Jose , Ferreres F. , Bankova V. , Groto Robson , Popov S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Two propolis samples from Sao Paulo State were investigated by GC/MS. 39 compounds were identified, 8 being new for propolis. Both samples showed some similarities in their qualitative composition. In one of them, coumaric acid and its prenylated derivatives predo­minated, while in the other one triterpenic alcolhols were the main constituents.
The Glu-Modification of α-Tubulin in the Feeding Apparatus of the Primitive Flagellate Entosiphon sulcatum Is Only Apparent after Detergent Treatment
Authors: Mütze Witold , Breuker Ralf N. , Hauser Manfred 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Using specific monoclonal antibodies, we investigated the distribution of post-translational modified Tyr-and Glu-tubulins during interphase of the primitive flagellate Entosiphon sul­catum. Immunofluorescence studies of simultaneously permeabilized and fixed cells revealed that microtubular structures comprising Ca2⊕-labile subpellicular and flagellar MTs and Ca2⊕-stable MTs in the siphon complex (feeding organelle) reacted surprisingly unorthodox with antibodies against Tyr-and Glu-tubulin: Unexpectedly, the siphon complex consisting of Ca2⊕-stable MTs appeared exclusively Tyr-positive, whereas the Ca2⊕-labile subpellicular and flagellar MTs reacted with the Glu- as well as with the Tyr-antibody. That the siphon MTs were indeed Ca2⊕-stable and all other MTs had become solubilized, was verified by EM-observation.
This surprising result contrasting considerably with the permanent nature of the siphon complex, was reconsidered after preceding lysis and extraction procedures. Depending on the type of detergent used and on extraction times applied, the MTs of the siphon complex now always showed also Glu-positivity, indicating the presence of detyrosinated a-tubulin as a biochemical marker of stabilized MTs. Since saponin, irrespective of subsequent extraction times, always produced a Glu-positive reaction and ultrastructural analysis never gave compelling evidence for a drastic MAP-removal, we conclude that the Glu-epitope becam e freely accessible due to conformational changes in the tubulin polymeres.
Chloroacetamide Mode of Action, II: Inhibition of Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis in Higher Plants
Authors: Matthes Bernd , Schmalfuß Jochen , Böger Peter 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In short-term -experiments [14C]-labelled malonic acid, stearic acid and acetate have been incorporated into leaf fatty acids of seedlings of Cucumis sativus, Hordeum vulgare and Zea mays. The pattern of labelled fatty acids changed markedly by treatment with the chloroacetamide herbicides metazachlor, metolachlor or butachlor. During a 2-h incubation time, 1 μᴍ chloroacetamide specifically inhibited up to 100% the formation of the saturated very long chain fatty acids (V LCFAs) with a carbon number of 20, 22 and 24. In cucumber and barley a 50% inhibition of VLCFA formation is achieved with 10 to 100 nM metazachlor representing the most sensitive effect of inhibitors on fatty acid elongation reported as yet. Sensitivity of fatty acid elongation depends on the amide structure present in the com pound and on its stereochemistry. Inhibition of oleic acid incorporation correlates with growth inhibition by chloroacetam ides of the intact cell (comp. Pestic. Sei. 52, 381-387, 1998). The present study extends this correlation to inhibition of VLCFA synthesis in higher plants. Obviously the primary mode of action of chloroacetam ides and related herbicidal substances is involved in the enzymic four-step fatty acid elongation system.
Transgenic Potato Plants Expressing Soybean ß-1,3-Endoglucanase Gene Exhibit an Increased Resistance to Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Borkowska Maria , Krzymowska Magdalena , Talarczyk Andrzej , Awan Malik F. M. , Yakovleva Ludmila , Kleczkowski Kazimierz , Wielgat Bernard 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Soybean β-1,3-endoglucanase represents a model system for studies on early plant re­sponses to infection by fungal pathogens, and it has been implicated in the release of elicitors from fungal cell walls. In the present study, potato plants were transformed with the soybean β-1,3-endoglucanase cDNA via Agrobacterium delivery system. The transfer of the gene into potato genome was confirmed by (i) PCR amplification, (ii) Northern blot analyses, and (Hi) an increase in the activity of β-1,3-endoglucanase in transgenic plants. The transformation resulted in an increased resistance of selected transgenic plants to infection by Phytophthora infestans, an important pathogen.
Trypanosoma cruzi Epimastigotes Express the Ouabain-and Vanadate-Sensitive (Na++K+)ATPase Activity
Authors: Caruso-Neves Celso , Einicker-Lamas Marcelo , Chagas Carlos , Oliveira Mecia Maria , Vieyra Adalberto , Lopes Anibal Gil 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The presence of (Na++K+)ATPase activity in CL14 clone and NIH NTY strain of Trypano­soma cruzi epimastigotes is demonstrated. A Na+ plus K+ stimulated ATPase activity is found in both strains. The optimal Na+/K+ ratio is 5:1 and 9:1 in CL14 clone and NIH NTY strain, respectively. In both strains, vanadate completely inhibits the ouabain-sensitive ATPase activ­ity indicating that it belongs to the P-type (E 1/E2) family of ion-transporting ATPases. The I50 for vanadate is 0.66 ± 0.04 and 0.04 ± 0.02 μᴍ in CL14 clone and NIH NTY strain, respectively. These data indicate that both strains of T. cruzi epimastigotes express the oua­ bain-and vanadate-sensitive (Na++K+)ATPase activity. On the other hand, the discrepancy between the parameters analyzed for the inhibitors suggests that they express different iso­ forms of this enzyme.
Fungal Peptide Elicitors: Signals Mediating Pathogen Recognition in Plants
Authors: Nürnberger Thorsten , Nennstiel Dirk 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Highly sensitive and specific recognition systems for microbial pathogens are essential for disease resistance in plants. Proteinaceous elicitors activating plant pathogen defense have been identified in numerous antagonistic plant/fungus interactions. Precisely defined signal structures required for elicitor-mediated activation of plant defense are indicative of the involvement of receptors in elicitor perception and subsequent signal generation. Use of pure elicitor preparations has helped to establish a functional link between binding of elicitors to high-affinity binding sites in plant plasma membranes and activation of plant defense. Thus elicitor binding sites appear to function as physiological receptors. Currently, isolation and molecular characterization of elicitor receptors is under way. Transfer of new recognition specificities into plants is supposed to be a key strategy for engineering pathogen resistance in economically important crops.
Picrate Salt of a Cyclic Polyether, 18-Crown-6 (Ca-picrate-18-crown-6), Inhibits the Photosynthetic Electron Transport at the Acceptor Side of Photosystem II
Authors: Joshi Manoj K. , Desai T. S. , Mohanty Prasanna 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
It has been demonstrated that cyclic polyether, K -picrate-18-crown-6 inhibited photosyn­ thetic electron transport (Sabat et al., 1991, Z. Naturforsch. 46c , 87-92) . We further analyzed the alterations induced in the fast chlorophyll a fluorescence and thermoluminescence pattern of pea thylakoids by calcium-18-crown-6 (crown-picrate). The results indicate that the site of action of calcium crown-picrate is at the acceptor side of photosystem II.