bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of a limb- and shear stress stimulus profile-dependent impact of high-intensity cycling training on flow-mediated dilation
Authors: King Trevor J. , Pyke Kyra E. 
Published: June 2019

Lower limb endurance training can improve conduit artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in response to transient increases in shear stress (reactive hyperemia; RH-FMD) in both the upper and lower limbs. Sustained increases in shear stress recruit a partially distinct transduction pathway and elicit a physiologically relevant FMD response (SS-FMD) that provides distinct information regarding endothelial function. However, the impact of training on SS-FMD is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of cycling training on handgrip exercise-induced brachial artery (BA) FMD (BA SS-FMD) and calf plantar-flexion-induced superficial femoral artery (SFA) FMD (SFA SS-FMD). RH-FMD was also assessed in both arteries. Twenty-eight young males were randomized to control (n = 12) or training (n = 16) groups. The training group cycled 30 min/day, 3 days/week for 4 weeks at 80% heart rate reserve. FMD was assessed in the BA and SFA before and after the intervention via Duplex ultrasound. Results are means ± SD. Training did not impact SS-FMD in either artery, and SFA RH-FMD was also unchanged (p > 0.05). When controlling for the shear rate stimulus via covariate analysis, BA RH-FMD improved in the training group (p = 0.05) (control – pre-intervention: 5.7% ± 2.4%, post-intervention: 5.3% ± 2.4%; training – pre-intervention: 5.4% ± 2.5%, post-intervention: 7.2% ± 2.4%). Thus, endurance training resulted in nonuniform adaptations to endothelial function, with an isolated impact on the BA’s ability to transduce a transient increase in shear stress. Novelty Training did not alter SS-FMD in the arm or leg. RH-FMD was augmented in the arm only. Thus training adaptations were limb- and shear stress profile-specific.
Photo-absorption on deuteron contributed by d∗(2380) resonance
Authors: Dong Yubing , Shen Pengnian , Zhang Zongye 
Published: June 2019

In order to understand the possible physical nature of the newly observed resonance [Formula: see text], we calculate the real photo-absorption cross-section on deuteron contributed by the resonance [Formula: see text] by considering the electromagnetic transition amplitude of [Formula: see text]. In our interpretation, the [Formula: see text] is regarded as a compact six-quark system with mainly two components of [Formula: see text] and hidden-color clusters [Formula: see text]. We find that only the next-to-leading terms contribute the [Formula: see text] and the obtained photo-absorption cross-section is quite small which is in the order of 10 nb. Compared with the data measured at ELPH and Mainz recently, it is almost about 20 times smaller.
Integrative Molecular Characterization of Resistance to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Kamran Sophia C. , Lennerz Jochen K. , Margolis Claire A. , Liu David , Reardon Brendan , Wankowicz Stephanie A. , Van Seventer Emily E. , Tracy Adam , Wo Jennifer Y. , Carter Scott L. , Willers Henning , Corcoran Ryan B. , Hong Theodore S. , Van Allen Eliezer M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Molecular properties associated with complete response or acquired resistance to concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy (CRT) are incompletely characterized.
Experimental Design: We performed integrated whole-exome/transcriptome sequencing and immune infiltrate analysis on rectal adenocarcinoma tumors prior to neoadjuvant CRT (pre-CRT) and at time of resection (post-CRT) in 17 patients [8 complete/partial responders, 9 nonresponders (NR)].

Results:
CRT was not associated with increased tumor mutational burden or neoantigen load and did not alter the distribution of established somatic tumor mutations in rectal cancer. Concurrent KRAS/TP53 mutations (KP) associated with NR tumors and were enriched for an epithelial–mesenchymal transition transcriptional program. Furthermore, NR was associated with reduced CD4/CD8 T-cell infiltrates and a post-CRT M2 macrophage phenotype. Absence of any local tumor recurrences, KP/NR status predicted worse progression-free survival, suggesting that local immune escape during or after CRT with specific genomic features contributes to distant progression.

Conclusions:
Overall, while CRT did not impact genomic profiles, CRT impacted the tumor immune microenvironment, particularly in resistant cases.
Diagnostic Performance of Retinopathy in the Detection of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 45 Studies
Authors: Jiang Shimin , Yu Tianyu , Zhang Zheng , Wang Yining , Fang Jinying , Yang Yue , Liu Lin , Li Wenge 
Published: June 2019

<b><i>Aims:</i></b> To conduct an evidence-based evaluation of diabetic retinopathy (DR) for the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetics with kidney disease. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception to June 27, 2018, including the reference lists of identified primary studies. A study was included if it (1) used DR as a diagnostic test for DN; and (2) used histological evaluation of renal tissues as the reference standard. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The analysis included 45 studies (4,561 patients). A bivariate analysis yielded a sensitivity of 0.67 (95% CI 0.61–0.74) and a specificity of 0.78 (95% CI 0.73–0.82). The summary receiver operating characteristic curve analysis provided an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.79 (95% CI 0.76–0.83). In a setting of 41% prevalence of DN, the probability of DN would be 68% if the test of DR was positive, and the probability of DN would be 23% if it was negative. In addition, although the mean specificity of proliferative DR for the detection of DN was 0.99 (95% CI 0.45–1.00), the mean sensitivity was 0.34 (95% CI 0.24–0.44), and the AUC was 0.58 (95% CI 0.53–0.62). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> DR is helpful in diagnosing DN in persons with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, but the severity of DR may not parallel the presence of DN.
Provider‐Level Variation in Smoking Cessation Assistance Provided in the Cardiology Clinics: Insights From the NCDR PINNACLE Registry
Authors: Sardana Mayank , Tang Yuanyuan , Magnani Jared W. , Ockene Ira S. , Allison Jeroan J. , Arnold Suzanne V. , Jones Phillip G. , Maddox Thomas M. , Virani Salim S. , McManus David D. 
Published: June 2019

Background

Studies show suboptimal provision of smoking cessation assistance (counseling or pharmacotherapy) for current smokers attempting to quit. We aimed to identify smoking cessation assistance patterns in
US
cardiology practices.

Methods and Results

Among 328 749 current smokers seen between January 1, 2013, and March 31, 2016, in 348 NCDR (National Cardiovascular Data Registry) PINNACLE (Practice Innovation and Clinical Excellence)‐affiliated cardiology practices, we measured the rates of cessation assistance. We used multivariable hierarchical logistic regression models to determine provider‐, practice‐, and patient‐level predictors of cessation assistance. We measured provider variation in cessation assistance using median rate ratio (the likelihood that the same patient would receive the same assistance at by any given provider; >1.2 suggests significant variation). Smoking cessation assistance was documented in only 34% of encounters. Despite adjustment of provider, practice, and patient characteristics, there was large provider‐level variation in cessation assistance (median rate ratio, 6 [95%
CI
, 5.76–6.32]). Practice location in the South region (odds ratio [OR], 0.48 [0.37–0.63] versus West region) and rural or suburban location (OR, 0.92 [0.88–0.95] for rural; OR, 0.94 [0.91–0.97] for suburban versus urban) were associated with lower rates of cessation assistance. Similarly, older age (OR, 0.88 [0.88–0.89] per 10‐year increase), diabetes mellitus (OR, 0.84 [0.82–0.87]), and atrial fibrillation (OR, 0.93 [0.91–0.96]) were associated with lower odds of receiving cessation assistance.

Conclusions

In a large contemporary
US
registry, only 1 in 3 smokers presenting for a cardiology visit received smoking cessation assistance. Our findings suggest the presence of a large deficit and largely idiosyncratic provider‐level variation in the provision of smoking cessation assistance.
Elevated Mitral Valve Pressure Gradient Is Predictive of Long‐Term Outcome After Percutaneous Edge‐to‐Edge Mitral Valve Repair in Patients With Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation (MR), But Not in Functional MR
Authors: Patzelt Johannes , Zhang Wenzhong , Sauter Reinhard , Mezger Matthias , Nording Henry , Ulrich Miriam , Becker Annika , Patzelt Tara , Rudolph Volker , Eitel Ingo , Saad Mohammed , Bamberg Fabian , Schlensak Christian , Gawaz Meinrad , Boekstegers Peter , Schreieck Juergen , Seizer Peter , Langer Harald F. 
Published: June 2019

Background

This study analyzed the effects on long‐term outcome of residual mitral regurgitation (
MR
) and mean mitral valve pressure gradient (
MVPG
) after percutaneous edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair using the MitraClip system.

Methods and Results

Two hundred fifty‐five patients who underwent percutaneous edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair were analyzed. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of residual
MR
and
MVPG
on clinical outcome. A combined clinical end point (all‐cause mortality,
MV
surgery, redo procedure, implantation of a left ventricular assist device) was used. After percutaneous edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair, mean
MVPG
increased from 1.6±1.0 to 3.1±1.5 mm Hg (
P
<0.001). Reduction of
MR
severity to ≤2+ postintervention was achieved in 98.4% of all patients. In the overall patient cohort, residual
MR
was predictive of the combined end point while elevated
MVPG
>4.4 mm Hg was not according to Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. We then analyzed the cohort with degenerative and that with functional
MR
separately to account for these different entities. In the cohort with degenerative
MR
, elevated
MVPG
was associated with increased occurrence of the primary end point, whereas this was not observed in the cohort with functional
MR
.

Conclusions

MVPG
>4.4 mm Hg after MitraClip implantation was predictive of clinical outcome in the patient cohort with degenerative
MR
. In the patient cohort with functional
MR
,
MVPG
>4.4 mm Hg was not associated with increased clinical events.
First record of the heart urchin Metalia persica (Mortensen, 1940) (Spatangoida: Brissidae) from the Chennai coast, India
Authors: KANAGARAJ CHAMUNDEESWARI , MOOI RICH , KUMAR DEEPAK SAMUEL VIJAY , PREMACHANDRAN HRISHIKESH , RAJENDRAN ABHILASH KOTTARATHIL , RETHINAVELU SANKAR , RAMACHANDRAN PURVAJA , RAMACHANDRAN RAMESH 
Published: June 2019

The irregular urchin, Metalia persica (Mortensen, 1940), a heart urchin of the family Brissidae, is reported for the first time from the southeastern coast of India. A single specimen was collected from fishing by-catch at Chinna Neelankarai (12º 56’ 29.7” N, 80º 15’ 36.6” E), Chennai on April 5, 2018. Metalia persica was previously recorded only from the Persian Gulf (Arabian Gulf). This study records Metalia persica for the first time from Indian waters, in the Bay of Bengal, and elucidates features of the anal fasciole.
Moist Static Energy Budget Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Intensification in High-Resolution Climate Models
Authors: Wing Allison A. , Camargo Suzana J. , Sobel Adam H. , Kim Daehyun , Moon Yumin , Murakami Hiroyuki , Reed Kevin A. , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Wehner Michael F. , Zarzycki Colin , Zhao Ming 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTropical cyclone intensification processes are explored in six high-resolution climate models. The analysis framework employs process-oriented diagnostics that focus on how convection, moisture, clouds, and related processes are coupled. These diagnostics include budgets of column moist static energy and the spatial variance of column moist static energy, where the column integral is performed between fixed pressure levels. The latter allows for the quantification of the different feedback processes responsible for the amplification of moist static energy anomalies associated with the organization of convection and cyclone spinup, including surface flux feedbacks and cloud-radiative feedbacks. Tropical cyclones (TCs) are tracked in the climate model simulations and the analysis is applied along the individual tracks and composited over many TCs. Two methods of compositing are employed: a composite over all TC snapshots in a given intensity range, and a composite over all TC snapshots at the same stage in the TC life cycle (same time relative to the time of lifetime maximum intensity for each storm). The radiative feedback contributes to TC development in all models, especially in storms of weaker intensity or earlier stages of development. Notably, the surface flux feedback is stronger in models that simulate more intense TCs. This indicates that the representation of the interaction between spatially varying surface fluxes and the developing TC is responsible for at least part of the intermodel spread in TC simulation.
Interdecadal Variation in the Synoptic Features of Mei-Yu in the Yangtze River Valley Region and Relationship with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
Authors: Sun Bo , Wang Huijun , Zhou Botao , Li Hua 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study introduces a multivariable covariance index (MVCI) to illustrate the synoptic features of mei-yu in the Yangtze River valley (YRV) region, which contains information of three indicators of mei-yu including precipitation, surface relative humidity, and tropospheric vertical motion. The interdecadal variation in the synoptic features of mei-yu during 1961–2016 is investigated using the MVCI. The date of mei-yu peak and the intensity of mei-yu underwent noticeable interdecadal variations over past decades, which are characterized by a delayed (relatively early) mei-yu peak and a relatively large (small) mei-yu intensity during 1985–97 (1961–80 and 2006–16). The mechanisms of these interdecadal variations are further discussed. The interdecadal variation in the date of mei-yu peak is mainly modulated by the meridional water vapor transport over eastern China during June, which may be partially attributed to an influence of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) on the clockwise gyre over the North Pacific during boreal summer. The interdecadal variation in mei-yu intensity is associated with the interdecadal variation of tropospheric vertical motion over the YRV region during boreal summer, which may be partially attributed to an interaction between the PDO and the large-scale tropical east–west circulation during boreal summer. In addition, the interdecadal variation in the water vapor flux budget and relative humidity over the YRV region also exerted an impact on the interdecadal variation of mei-yu intensity in the YRV region.
Changes in Temperature Seasonality in China: Human Influences and Internal Variability
Authors: Qian Cheng , Zhang Xuebin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Temperature seasonality, the difference between summer and winter temperatures in mid–high latitudes, is an important component of the climate. Whether humans have had detectable influences on changing surface temperature seasonality at scales smaller than the subcontinental scale, where humans are directly impacted, is not clear. In this study, the first detection and attribution analysis of changes in temperature seasonality in China has been carried out. Detection and attribution of both summer and winter temperatures were also conducted, with careful consideration of observational uncertainty and the inconsistency between observation and model simulations induced by the long coastline and country border in China. The results show that the response to external forcings is robustly detectable in the spatiotemporal pattern of weakening seasonality and in that of warming winter temperature, although models may have underestimated the observed changes. The response to external forcings is detectable and consistent with the observed change in summer temperature averaged over China. Human influences are detectable in changes in seasonality and summer and winter temperatures, most robustly in winter, and these influences can be separated from those of natural forcing when averaged over China. The recent increase in summer temperature was found to be due to external forcings, and the warming hiatus in winter temperature from 1998 to 2013 was due to a statistically significant cooling trend induced by internal variability. These results will give insights into the understanding of the warming hiatus in China, as well as the hot summers and cold winters in recent years.
Climatic Controls on Future Hydrologic Changes in a Subarctic River Basin in Canada
Authors: Shrestha Rajesh R. , Cannon Alex J. , Schnorbus Markus A. , Alford Hunter 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We describe a state-of-the-art framework for projecting hydrologic impacts due to enhanced warming and amplified moisture fluxes in the subarctic environment under anthropogenic climate change. We projected future hydrologic changes based on phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project global climate model simulations using the Variable Infiltration Capacity hydrologic model and a multivariate bias correction/downscaling method for the Liard basin in subarctic northwestern Canada. Subsequently, the variable importance of key climatic controls on a set of hydrologic indicators was analyzed using the random forests statistical model. Results indicate that enhanced warming and wetness by the end of century would lead to pronounced declines in annual and monthly snow water equivalent (SWE) and earlier maximum SWE. Prominent changes in the streamflow regime include increased annual mean and minimum flows, earlier maximum flows, and either increased or decreased maximum flows depending on interactions between temperature, precipitation, and snow. Using the variable importance analysis, we find that precipitation exerts the primary control on maximum SWE and annual mean and maximum flows, and temperature has the main influence on timings of maximum SWE and flow, and minimum flow. Given these climatic controls, the changes in the hydrologic indicators become progressively larger under the scenarios of 1.5°, 2.0°, and 3.0°C global mean temperature increases above the preindustrial period. Hence, the framework presented in this study provides a detailed diagnosis of the hydrologic changes as well as controls and interactions of the climatic variables, which could be generalized for understanding regional scale changes in subarctic/nival basins.
Attitudes to depression and psychiatric medication amid the enduring financial crisis in Attica: Comparison between 2009 and 2014
Authors: Economou Marina , Peppou Lily Evangelia , Souliotis Kyriakos , Lazaratou Helen , Kontoangelos Konstantinos , Nikolaidi Sofia , Palli Alexandra , Stefanis Costas N 
Published: June 2019

Background: Only a handful of studies have explored the effect of the financial crisis on public attitudes to mental illness. Aims: This study examines changes in lay attitudes to depression and psychiatric medication between 2009 and 2014 in Attica region. Furthermore, it explored a potential interaction with employment status. Methods: Data were drawn from two surveys conducted in 2009 and 2014 using the same sampling procedure, interview mode, and survey instrument. Specifically, a random and representative sample of 586 people was recruited in 2009 and of 604 in 2014. Attitudes to depression were measured by the Personal Stigma subscale of the Depression Stigma Scale and attitudes to psychiatric medication by a self-constructed scale with good psychometric properties. Data collection occurred via telephone. Results: There has been no overall change in lay attitudes to depression. Nonetheless, a positive change was recorded with regard to the belief that depression is a sign of personal weakness and a negative change with respect to people with depression being dangerous. Attitudes to psychiatric medication have worsened during the study period. Employment status was not found to interact with the survey year. Conclusion: Anti-stigma efforts should be tailored on counteracting the dangerousness stereotype, while they should prioritize targeting attitudes to psychiatric medication
Fibrinogen levels and postoperative chest drain blood loss in low-weight (<10 kg) children undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Ranucci Marco , Bianchi Paolo , Cotza Mauro , Beccaris Camilla , Silvetti Simona , Isgrò Giuseppe , Giamberti Alessandro , Baryshnikova Ekaterina 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Low-weight (<10 kg) children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass are prone to dilution and consumption of soluble coagulation factors and fibrinogen. Low levels of fibrinogen may represent a possible cause of severe postoperative chest drain blood loss. The present study investigates the association between post–cardiopulmonary bypass fibrinogen levels and postoperative chest drain blood loss and severe bleeding, aiming to identify possible cut-off values to trigger specific interventions. Methods: Prospective cohort study on 77 patients weighing <10 kg undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Haemostasis and coagulation data were collected before surgery (standard tests and thromboelastometry), after protamine (thromboelastometry) and at the arrival in the intensive care unit (standard tests). The primary outcome variable was severe bleeding (chest drain blood loss >30 ml kg-1/24h). Results: Factors being independently associated with severe bleeding were the international normalized ratio and the fibrinogen levels at the arrival in the intensive care unit. Once corrected for other confounders, fibrinogen levels had an odds ratio of 0.2 (95% confidence interval = 0.011-0.54) per 1 gL-1 for severe bleeding. The discrimination power was fair (area under the curve = 0.770). The best cut-off value was identified at a fibrinogen level of 150 mg dL-1, with a sensitivity of 52%, a specificity of 85% and a positive predictive value of 60% for severe bleeding. Conclusion: Both a prolonged international normalized ratio and low fibrinogen levels were predictive for severe bleeding, underscoring the role of coagulation factors dilution and consumption in this specific patient population.
Blister Packaging Medications for Adherence for American Indians/Alaska Natives in the Outpatient Setting
Authors: Navin LT Sean 
Published: June 2019

Objective: To compare adherence one year before and after blister pack implementation in America Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) patients and to describe the patient population who used blister packs in the outpatient setting. Methods: A retrospective analysis of AI/AN patients receiving blister packs was performed to determine medication adherence as measured by a variable medication possession ratio (MPR). Patient characteristics and the reason for blister pack initiation were also assessed. Results: Of the 25 patients receiving blister packs, 76% were female, 56% were elderly and 60% had cognitive impairment. The three most common types of medications used were hypertension meds, vitamins and diabetes meds. The average MPR one year before blister pack implementation was 67.4% and significantly increased to 86.0% one year after. Conclusion: Blister packs significantly increased the average MPR after one year of implementation in a small group of AI/AN patients. Blister packs were utilized most commonly in patients who were female, had cognitive impairment, and who were taking numerous medications with a high pill burden in the outpatient setting.