bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Widespread Fault Creep in the Northern San Francisco Bay Area Revealed by Multistation Cluster Detection of Repeating Earthquakes
Authors: Shakibay Senobari Nader , Funning Gareth J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe search for repeating earthquakes (REs) in the northern San Francisco Bay Area in 1984–2016. By comparing over 670,000 waveforms from ∼75,000 events, we identify candidate clusters of events whose waveforms have high cross‐correlation coefficients at multiple stations. A key difference with our approach is that these “multistation clusters” do not require each event in a family be recorded at multiple common stations. We validate these candidate REs by estimating precise relative relocations for the events in each cluster. We identify 59 RE families whose relocated hypocenters are separated by less than one source radius. These are distributed throughout the Maacama fault zone and along the northern Rodgers Creek and central Bartlett Springs faults, implying that widespread, pervasive creep occurs on those faults, at rates of 1–6 mm/year. At either end of the Maacama fault, the RE pattern highlights structural complexity, suggesting that multiple subparallel strands may be active and creeping.
Improved Earth Oblateness Rate Reveals Increased Ice Sheet Losses and Mass‐Driven Sea Level Rise
Authors: Loomis B. D. , Rachlin K. E. , Luthcke S. B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSatellite laser ranging (SLR) observations are routinely applied toward the estimation of dynamic oblateness, C20, which is the largest globally integrated component of Earth's time‐variable gravity field. Since 2002, GRACE and GRACE Follow‐On have revolutionized the recovery of higher spatial resolution features of global time‐variable gravity, with SLR continuing to provide the most reliable estimates of C20. We quantify the effect of various SLR processing strategies on estimating C20 and demonstrate better signal recovery with the inclusion of GRACE‐derived low‐degree gravity information in the forward model. This improved SLR product modifies the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheet mass trends by −15.4 and −3.5 Gt/year, respectively, as compared to CSR TN11, and improves global mean sea level budget closure by modifying sea level rise by +0.08 mm/year. We recommend that this new C20 product be applied to RL06 GRACE data products for enhanced accuracy and scientific interpretation.
Ionospheric Footprints of Detached Magnetotail Interchange Heads
Authors: Panov E. V. , Baumjohann W. , Nakamura R. , Pritchett P. L. , Weygand J. M. , Kubyshkina M. V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPritchett and Coroniti (2011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047527, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA018143) have predicted that the kinetic ballooning/interchange instability (BICI) can provoke reconnection onsets that lead to detached azimuthally thin earthward intrusions (heads) of depleted plasma tubes when
100. Such detached BICI heads would be seen as localized earthward‐propagating dipolarization fronts. Using Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms observations in the plasma sheet at XGSM≈−11RE and conjugate All‐Sky Imager and magnetometer networks observations on the ground, we show four examples when prominent dipolarization fronts with moderate earthward flows were observed amidst azimuthally drifting interchange heads and concurrently with the ionospheric current intensifications near Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms footprints and auroral bright spots originating from dimmer azimuthal beads/rays. These events support the idea that some of the BICI heads detach from the region with reversed radial gradient of BZ due to local reconnection. The detached BICI heads propagate earthward‐driving ionospheric pseudo‐breakups.
Variations in Elastic and Electrical Properties of Crustal Rocks With Varying Degree of Microfracturation
Authors: Pimienta L. , Orellana L. F. , Violay M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis work aims at investigating the effect of varying degrees of microfracturing on the joint elastic and electrical transport properties of rocks. Different crustal rocks were subjected to thermal treatment, expected to induce microfracturing, up to different target temperatures from 100 up to 900 °C. The rocks bulk and pore volumes, P and S wave velocities, and frequency‐dependent electrical impedance were measured before and after the treatment. As the temperature of treatment increased, P and S wave velocities and the electrical formation factor drop and pore and bulk volumes increase. As indicated by the microscopic images, this is consistent with the creation of microcracks. These created microcracks do not affect the properties in the exact same manner, and a strong effect of the initial porosity is observed for electrical formation factor. Extrapolating to low‐frequency field‐scale measurements in water‐saturated reservoir rocks highlights an interesting observation: Both seismic and electrical properties at the field scale might highlight similar variations with increasing damage in all rocks. The maximum amount of decrease expected for all rocks is about 1 order of magnitude in electrical formation factor and 40% decrease in P and S wave velocities. Finally, temperature proved to affect very differently the rocks of varying porosity and mineral content, in ways not fully covered by existing works. Porosity, by increasing the matrix compressibility, damps the degree of microfracturing and crack opening. The distinct behavior in calcite‐pure marble evidences a dominance of anisotropic of thermal expansion over isotropic expansion mismatch.
Impact of Chemical Environment on Compaction Creep of Quartz Sand and Possible Geomechanical Applications
Authors: Schimmel M. T. W. , Hangx S. J. T. , Spiers C. J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInduced seismicity and surface subsidence are adverse effects of natural gas and geothermal energy production that may present barriers to their use as low‐carbon alternatives to coal and oil. The driving force for these unwanted effects is compaction of the reservoir, which can potentially be mitigated by injecting (pressurized) fluids that restore the pore pressure and chemically inhibit compaction. We conducted uniaxial compaction experiments on quartz sand aggregates to investigate the effect of pore fluid chemistry on time‐dependent compaction (creep). In addition to a low‐vacuum (dry) environment, supercritical fluids (N2, CO2, and wet CO2), simple aqueous solutions (three HCl solutions and a NaOH solution), and complex aqueous solutions with additives (AlCl3, AMP, and washing detergent) were employed. N2, CO2, and fluids containing scaling inhibitor (AMP), as well as wastewater (detergent solution) are generally considered for injection. Compaction creep was enhanced in fluid‐saturated environments compared to dry. Wet CO2 caused more creep with faster strain rates than the relatively dry CO2 and N2 environments. Experiments conducted with simple aqueous solutions exhibited a clear pH dependency. The complex aqueous solutions enhanced creep compared to their simple solution counterpart with similar pH. Based on acoustic emission data and microstructural analyses, we inferred that compaction creep was controlled by subcritical crack growth, aided by water, hydroxyl ions, and additives. If microcracking also controls compaction in reservoir sandstones, these results indicate that injection of supercritical fluids or acidic solutions may mitigate reservoir compaction.
The Max Planck Institute Grand Ensemble: Enabling the Exploration of Climate System Variability
Authors: Maher Nicola , Milinski Sebastian , Suarez‐Gutierrez Laura , Botzet Michael , Dobrynin Mikhail , Kornblueh Luis , Kröger Jürgen , Takano Yohei , Ghosh Rohit , Hedemann Christopher , Li Chao , Li Hongmei , Manzini Elisa , Notz Dirk , Putrasahan Dian , Boysen Lena , Claussen Martin , Ilyina Tatiana , Olonscheck Dirk , Raddatz Thomas , Stevens Bjorn , Marotzke Jochem 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Max Planck Institute Grand Ensemble (MPI‐GE) is the largest ensemble of a single comprehensive climate model currently available, with 100 members for the historical simulations (1850–2005) and four forcing scenarios. It is currently the only large ensemble available that includes scenario representative concentration pathway (RCP) 2.6 and a 1% CO2 scenario. These advantages make MPI‐GE a powerful tool. We present an overview of MPI‐GE, its components, and detail the experiments completed. We demonstrate how to separate the forced response from internal variability in a large ensemble. This separation allows the quantification of both the forced signal under climate change and the internal variability to unprecedented precision. We then demonstrate multiple ways to evaluate MPI‐GE and put observations in the context of a large ensemble, including a novel approach for comparing model internal variability with estimated observed variability. Finally, we present four novel analyses, which can only be completed using a large ensemble. First, we address whether temperature and precipitation have a pathway dependence using the forcing scenarios. Second, the forced signal of the highly noisy atmospheric circulation is computed, and different drivers are identified to be important for the North Pacific and North Atlantic regions. Third, we use the ensemble dimension to investigate the time dependency of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation variability changes under global warming. Last, sea level pressure is used as an example to demonstrate how MPI‐GE can be utilized to estimate the ensemble size needed for a given scientific problem and provide insights for future ensemble projects.
Validation of the animal model of bipolar disorder induced by Ouabain: face, construct and predictive perspectives
Authors: Valvassori Samira S. , Dal-Pont Gustavo C. , Resende Wilson R. , Varela Roger B. , Lopes-Borges Jéssica , Cararo José Henrique , Quevedo João 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA particular challenge in the development of a bipolar disorder (BD) model in animals is the complicated clinical course of the condition, characterized by manic, depressive and mixed mood episodes. Ouabain (OUA) is an inhibitor of Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of this drug in rats has been regarded a proper model to study BD by mimic specific manic symptoms, which are reversed by lithium (Li), an important mood stabilizer drug. However, further validation of this experimental approach is required to characterize it as an animal model of BD, including depressive-like behaviors. The present study aimed to assess manic- and depressive-like behaviors, potential alteration in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system and oxidative stress parameters after a single OUA ICV administration in adult male Wistar rats. Moreover, we evaluated Li effects in this experimental setting. Data show that OUA ICV administration could constitute a suitable model for BD since the injection of the drug triggered manic- and depressive-like behaviors in the same animal. Additionally, the OUA model mimics significant physiological and neurochemical alterations detected in BD patients, including an increase in oxidative stress and change in HPA axis. Our findings suggest that decreased Na+/K+-ATPase activity detected in bipolar patients may be linked to increased secretion of glucocorticoid hormones and oxidative damage, leading to the marked behavioral swings. The Li administration mitigated these pathological changes in the rats. The proposed OUA model is regarded as suitable to simulate BD by complying with all validities required to a proper animal model of the psychiatric disorder.
The roles and mechanism of IFIT5 in bladder cancer epithelial–mesenchymal transition and progression
Authors: Huang Jun , Lo U-Ging , Wu Shiqi , Wang Bin , Pong Rey-Chen , Lai Chih-Ho , Lin Ho , He Dalin , Hsieh Jer-Tsong , Wu Kaijie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe prognosis of bladder cancer (BCa) depends on several key factors including anatomical site, tumor grade, and stage. In general, muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is associated with higher incidence of distant metastasis compared with Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Treatment outcome of the patients with metastatic BCa has been very poor with ~15% of overall survival rate. Thus, it is apparently important to understand the underlying biology for metastatic progression of BCa. Although epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has long been implicated in BCa metastasis and treatment resistance, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we have identified that the expression of interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 5 (IFIT5) is positively correlated with pathological characteristics, and predicts a poor prognosis of BCa patients. Since the function of IFIT5 in BCa has not yet been characterized, we demonstrate that IFIT5 can induce EMT, promote cell migration and invasion, and increase the expression of ICAM1 in BCa via down-regulation of mature miR-99a. Moreover, ICAM1 is shown as a direct target of miR-99a. Overall, we conclude that IFIT5 is a new oncogene in BCa.
Relationship between rheology and structure of interpenetrating, deforming and compressing microgels
Authors: Conley Gaurasundar M. , Zhang Chi , Aebischer Philippe , Harden James L. , Scheffold Frank 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThermosensitive microgels are widely studied hybrid systems combining properties of polymers and colloidal particles in a unique way. Due to their complex morphology, their interactions and packing, and consequentially the viscoelasticity of suspensions made from microgels, are still not fully understood, in particular under dense packing conditions. Here we study the frequency-dependent linear viscoelastic properties of dense suspensions of micron sized soft particles in conjunction with an analysis of the local particle structure and morphology based on superresolution microscopy. By identifying the dominating mechanisms that control the elastic and dissipative response, we can explain the rheology of these widely studied soft particle assemblies from the onset of elasticity deep into the overpacked regime. Interestingly, our results suggest that the friction between the microgels is reduced due to lubrification mediated by the polymer brush-like corona before the onset of interpenetration.
Quantifying and predicting success in show business
Authors: Williams Oliver E. , Lacasa Lucas , Latora Vito 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn certain artistic endeavours—such as acting in films and TV, where unemployment rates hover at around 90%—sustained productivity (simply making a living) is probably a better proxy for quantifying success than high impact. Drawing on a worldwide database, here we study the temporal profiles of activity of actors and actresses. We show that the dynamics of job assignment is well described by a “rich-get-richer” mechanism and we find that, while the percentage of a career spent active is unpredictable, such activity is clustered. Moreover, productivity tends to be higher towards the beginning of a career and there are signals preceding the most productive year. Accordingly, we propose a machine learning method which predicts with 85% accuracy whether this “annus mirabilis” has passed, or if better days are still to come. We analyse actors and actresses separately, also providing compelling evidence of gender bias in show business.
Aβ-induced vulnerability propagates via the brain’s default mode network
Authors: Pascoal Tharick A. , Mathotaarachchi Sulantha , Kang Min Su , Mohaddes Sara , Shin Monica , Park Ah Yeon , Parent Maxime J. , Benedet Andrea L. , Chamoun Mira , Therriault Joseph , Hwang Heungsun , Cuello A. Claudio , Misic Bratislav , Soucy Jean-Paul , Aston John A. D. , Gauthier Serge , Rosa-Neto Pedro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe link between brain amyloid-β (Aβ), metabolism, and dementia symptoms remains a pressing question in Alzheimer’s disease. Here, using positron emission tomography ([18F]florbetapir tracer for Aβ and [18F]FDG tracer for glucose metabolism) with a novel analytical framework, we found that Aβ aggregation within the brain’s default mode network leads to regional hypometabolism in distant but functionally connected brain regions. Moreover, we found that an interaction between this hypometabolism with overlapping Aβ aggregation is associated with subsequent cognitive decline. These results were also observed in transgenic Aβ rats that do not form neurofibrillary tangles, which support these findings as an independent mechanism of cognitive deterioration. These results suggest a model in which distant Aβ induces regional metabolic vulnerability, whereas the interaction between local Aβ with a vulnerable environment drives the clinical progression of dementia.
Tunable self-healing of magnetically propelling colloidal carpets
Authors: Massana-Cid Helena , Meng Fanlong , Matsunaga Daiki , Golestanian Ramin , Tierno Pietro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe process of crystallization is difficult to observe for transported, out-of-equilibrium systems, as the continuous energy injection increases activity and competes with ordering. In emerging fields such as microfluidics and active matter, the formation of long-range order is often frustrated by the presence of hydrodynamics. Here we show that a population of colloidal rollers assembled by magnetic fields into large-scale propelling carpets can form perfect crystalline materials upon suitable balance between magnetism and hydrodynamics. We demonstrate a field-tunable annealing protocol based on a controlled colloidal flow above the carpet that enables complete crystallization after a few seconds of propulsion. The structural transition from a disordered to a crystalline carpet phase is captured via spatial and temporal correlation functions. Our findings unveil a novel pathway to magnetically anneal clusters of propelling particles, bridging driven systems with crystallization and freezing in material science.
Chemically modified graphene films with tunable negative Poisson’s ratios
Authors: Wen Yeye , Gao Enlai , Hu Zhenxing , Xu Tingge , Lu Hongbing , Xu Zhiping , Li Chun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGraphene-derived macroscopic assemblies feature hierarchical nano- and microstructures that provide numerous routes for surface and interfacial functionalization achieving unconventional material properties. We report that the microstructural hierarchy of pristine chemically modified graphene films, featuring wrinkles, delamination of close-packed laminates, their ordered and disordered stacks, renders remarkable negative Poisson’s ratios ranging from −0.25 to −0.55. The mechanism proposed is validated by the experimental characterization and theoretical analysis. Based on the understanding of microstructural origins, pre-strech is applied to endow chemically modified graphene films with controlled negative Poisson’s ratios. Modulating the wavy textures of the inter-connected network of close-packed laminates in the chemically modified graphene films also yields finely-tuned negative Poisson’s ratios. These findings offer the key insights into rational design of films constructed from two-dimensional materials with negative Poisson’s ratios and mechanomutable performance.
A synthesis strategy for tetracyclic terpenoids leads to agonists of ERβ
Authors: Kim Wan Shin , Shalit Zachary A. , Nguyen Sidney M. , Schoepke Emmalie , Eastman Alan , Burris Thomas P. , Gaur Arti B. , Micalizio Glenn C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNatural product and natural product-like molecules continue to be important for the development of pharmaceutical agents, as molecules in this class play a vital role in the pipeline for new therapeutics. Among these, tetracyclic terpenoids are privileged, with >100 being FDA-approved drugs. Despite this significant pharmaceutical success, there remain considerable limitations to broad medicinal exploitation of the class due to lingering scientific challenges associated with compound availability. Here, we report a concise asymmetric route to forging natural and unnatural (enantiomeric) C19 and C20 tetracyclic terpenoid skeletons suitable to drive medicinal exploration. While efforts have been focused on establishing the chemical science, early investigations reveal that the emerging chemical technology can deliver compositions of matter that are potent and selective agonists of the estrogen receptor beta, and that are selectively cytotoxic in two different glioblastoma cell lines (U251 and U87).
CaMKK2 in myeloid cells is a key regulator of the immune-suppressive microenvironment in breast cancer
Authors: Racioppi Luigi , Nelson Erik R. , Huang Wei , Mukherjee Debarati , Lawrence Scott A. , Lento William , Masci Anna Maria , Jiao Yiquin , Park Sunghee , York Brian , Liu Yaping , Baek Amy E. , Drewry David H. , Zuercher William J. , Bertani Francesca R. , Businaro Luca , Geradts Joseph , Hall Allison , Means Anthony R. , Chao Nelson , Chang Ching-yi , McDonnell Donald P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTumor-associated myeloid cells regulate tumor growth and metastasis, and their accumulation is a negative prognostic factor for breast cancer. Here we find calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase (CaMKK2) to be highly expressed within intratumoral myeloid cells in mouse models of breast cancer, and demonstrate that its inhibition within myeloid cells suppresses tumor growth by increasing intratumoral accumulation of effector CD8+ T cells and immune-stimulatory myeloid subsets. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) isolated from Camkk2−/− mice expressed higher levels of chemokines involved in the recruitment of effector T cells compared to WT. Similarly, in vitro generated Camkk2−/− macrophages recruit more T cells, and have a reduced capability to suppress T cell proliferation, compared to WT. Treatment with CaMKK2 inhibitors blocks tumor growth in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner, and facilitates a favorable reprogramming of the immune cell microenvironment. These data, credential CaMKK2 as a myeloid-selective checkpoint, the inhibition of which may have utility in the immunotherapy of breast cancer.
Invariance properties of bacterial random walks in complex structures
Authors: Frangipane Giacomo , Vizsnyiczai Gaszton , Maggi Claudio , Savo Romolo , Sciortino Alfredo , Gigan Sylvain , Di Leonardo Roberto 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMotile cells often explore natural environments characterized by a high degree of structural complexity. Moreover cell motility is also intrinsically noisy due to spontaneous random reorientations and speed fluctuations. This interplay of internal and external noise sources gives rise to a complex dynamical behavior that can be strongly sensitive to details and hard to model quantitatively. In striking contrast to this general picture we show that the mean residence time of swimming bacteria inside artificial complex microstructures is quantitatively predicted by a generic invariance property of random walks. We find that while external shape and internal disorder have dramatic effects on the distributions of path lengths and residence times, the corresponding mean values are constrained by the sole free surface to perimeter ratio. As a counterintuitive consequence, bacteria escape faster from structures with higher density of obstacles due to the lower accessible surface.