bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Typologies of design thinking: the learner-led perspectives
Authors: Srirangam S , Ng V F P , Mari T , Gunasagaran S , Kuppusamy S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The research aims to offer critical discourse on various perspectives on design studio teaching pedagogy. The paper begins by exploring the generic literature that focuses on a range of instruments, approaches and actions; the tools that the designers deploy in order to steer specific thought process in design. By keeping the learners at the core, the subjectivity of designers brought to main focus here. Although there are many research works on studio environment and studio framework, only a very few focus on capturing evidences of the learners’ creative thinking and this research is an attempt to fill this gap and keeps the learners at the core of analysis. The method was a theoretical exploration on various perspectives on design thinking and to obtain evidences of students’ thinking. Two studios of Final Year studies of Part I, from University Malaya and Taylor’s University, have been the case studies of the research. The paper first offers a critical discourse on identifying a gap in architectural design studios’ teaching pedagogy and second offers a set of typologies of design thinking from the case studies. The findings were 8 typologies of design thinking which could be categorised into 3 groups, based the domain of the constructs. The research reinforces and determines the importance of learner-led teaching pedagogy for architecture design studios, by formulating typologies of design thinking.
Impact of contact overlap on transconductance and noise in organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Polyravas Anastasios G , Curto Vincenzo F , Schaefer Nathan , Calia Andrea Bonaccini , Guimera-Brunet Anton , Garrido Jose A , Malliaras George G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) are used as amplifying transducers for bioelectronics. Although the impact on performance of device geometry parameters such as channel area and thickness has been widely explored, the overlap between the semiconductor film and the source and drain contacts has not been considered. Here we vary this overlap and explore its impact on transconductance and noise. We show that increasing contact overlap does not alter the magnitude of the steady-state transconductance but it does decreases the cut-off frequency. Noise was found to be independent of contact overlap and to vary according to the charge noise model. The results show that high-quality contacts can be established in PEDOT:PSS OECTs with minimal overlap.
DPre: computational identification of differentiation bias and genes underlying cell type conversions
Authors: Steffens Simon , Fu Xiuling , He Fangfang , Li Yuhao , Babarinde Isaac A , Hutchins Andrew P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Summary
Cells are generally resistant to cell type conversions, but can be converted by the application of growth factors, chemical inhibitors and ectopic expression of genes. However, it remains difficult to accurately identify the destination cell type or differentiation bias when these techniques are used to alter cell type. Consequently, there is demand for computational techniques that can help researchers understand both the cell type and differentiation bias. While advanced tools identifying cell types exist for single cell data and the deconvolution of mixed cell populations, the problem of exploring partially differentiated cells of indeterminate transcriptional identity has not been addressed. To fill this gap, we developed driver-predictor, which relies on scoring per gene transcriptional similarity between RNA-Seq datasets to reveal directional bias of differentiation. By comparing against large cell type transcriptome libraries or a desired target expression profile, the tool enables the user to visualize both the changes in transcriptional identity as well as the genes accounting for the cell type changes. This software will be a powerful tool for researchers to explore in vitro experiments that involve cell type conversions.

Availability and implementation
Source code is open source under the MIT license and is freely available on https://github.com/LoaloaF/DPre.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
High-Dose Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Hyperimmune Globulin and Maternal CMV DNAemia Independently Predict Infant Outcome in Pregnant Women With a Primary CMV Infection
Authors: Nigro Giovanni , Adler Stuart P ,   Congenital Cytomegalic Disease Collaborating Group, Lasorella Stefania , Iapadre Giulia , Maresca Maria , Mareri Arianna , Di Paolantonio Claudia , Catenaro Milena , Tambucci Renato , Mattei Ivan , Carta Gaspare , D’Alfonso Angela , Patacchiola Felice , Aurora Fioroni Maria , Manganaro Lucia , Giancotti Antonella , Pancallo Daniela , Lauri Silvia , Liuzzi Giuseppina , Di Renzo Gian Carlo , Della Torre Benedetta , Lupi Carla , Calvario Agata , Vimercati Antonella , Carbonara Sergio , Gussetti Nadia , Pisano Pasquale 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
After primary maternal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy, infants are at risk for disease.

Methods
Factors predictive of infant outcome were analyzed in a database of 304 pregnant women with primary infection. These women were enrolled between 2010 and 2017 and delivered 281 infants, of whom 108 were CMV infected. Long term follow-up occurred for 173 uninfected and 106 infected infants at age 4 years (range, 1–8 years). One hundred fifty-seven women were treated with an average of 2 doses (range, 1–6 doses) of high-dose hyperimmune globulin (HIG: 200 mg/kg/infusion). We used a regression model to define predictors of fetal infection, symptoms at birth, and long-term sequelae; 31 covariates were tested.

Results
Four factors predicted fetal infection: a 1.8-fold increase (30% vs 56%) in the rate of congenital infection without HIG (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 5.2; P &lt; .0001), a 1.8-fold increase (32% vs 56%) associated with maternal viral DNAemia prior to HIG administration (AOR, 3.0; P = .002), abnormal ultrasounds (AOR, 59; P = .0002), and diagnosis of maternal infection by seroconversion rather than avidity (AOR, 3.3; P = .007). Lack of HIG and abnormal ultrasounds also predicted symptoms (P = .001). Long-term sequelae were predicted by not receiving HIG (AOR, 13.2; P = .001), maternal infection in early gestation (odds ratio [OR], 0.9; P = .017), and abnormal ultrasounds (OR, 7.6; P &lt; .003). Prevalence and copy/number of DNAemia declined after HIG.

Conclusions
Maternal viremia predicts fetal infection and neonatal outcome. This may help patient counseling. High-dose HIG may prevent fetal infection and disease and is associated with the resolution of DNAemia.
Water temperature during winter may control striped bass recruitment during spring by affecting the development time of copepod nauplii
Authors: Millette N C , Pierson J J , North E W 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStriped bass (Morone saxatilis) are anadromous fish that support an important fishery along the east coast of North America. In Chesapeake Bay, strong juvenile recruitment of striped bass can occur when larvae overlap with high concentrations of their zooplankton prey, but the mechanisms fostering the temporal overlap are unknown. Here, the influence of winter temperature on the peak abundances of a key prey, Eurytemora carolleeae, was estimated with a temperature-dependent developmental model. The role of these peaks in regulating striped bass recruitment was explored in three nursery areas: upper Chesapeake Bay, Choptank River, and Patuxent River. Model results indicated that cold winters delay the timing and increase the size of peak E. carolleeae spring abundance. When the model output was used in regression relationships with striped bass juvenile recruitment and freshwater discharge, the regression models explained up to 78% of annual recruitment variability. Results suggests that cold, wet winters could increase the chance of a match between striped bass larvae and high concentrations of their prey. This mechanistic link between winter temperatures and striped bass production, acting through prey dynamics, could further understanding of fish recruitment variability and indicates that warmer winters could negatively affect some striped bass populations.
Quantifying long-term discards from Queensland’s (Australia) east Coast otter trawl fishery
Authors: Wang Na , Courtney Anthony J , Campbell Matthew J , Yang Wen-Hsi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article estimated the weight of annual discards in the Queensland east coast otter trawl fishery. Discards data were analysed using three generalized linear mixed models to derive adjusted discard rates, expressed as kg per retained catch, kg per boat day, and kg per area swept by trawls, respectively. Model explanatory terms included trawl fishing sector, presence/absence of bycatch reduction devices (BRDs), lunar phase, and whether the data were obtained from commercial vessels during their normal fishing activities or during research charters. Adjusted discard rates were then used to derive three estimates of annual discards and the average used to examine a long-term discard trends from 1988 to 2014. Total discards declined significantly from a peak of approximately 67 000 t in 1997 to approximately 21 000 t from 2011 to 2014, largely due to a decline in fishing effort, and to a lesser degree, the effects of BRDs that were mandated in the fishery in the early 2000s.
Knowledge as Property Rights Under the Ratchet Effect of Innovation
Authors: Tan Teck Yong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper studies how reduced oversight creates an incentive for process innovation. With incomplete contracts, tight monitoring of workers creates a ratchet effect of innovation. Under reduced oversight, a worker accrues private knowledge about his innovation, which serves as a substitute for its inalienable property rights. The resulting asymmetric information generates an information rent for the worker, which feeds back as an innovation incentive ex ante. A weak early production incentive is required to complement it. Innovations are generally underutilized ex post, and mildly successful innovations are not distinguished from failed innovation attempts.
Female Combatants in Postconflict Processes: Understanding the Roots of Exclusion
Authors: Henshaw Alexis Leanna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractResearch on contemporary internal armed conflicts has consistently shown that women are active in most armed insurgencies, in groups with varied ideologies, and in every region of the world. However, scholarship from feminist security studies shows that, not only are women still generally underrepresented in peace processes, but women affiliated with rebel groups in particular are more likely to be excluded from disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) efforts. Closing this gap is a necessary next step for improving the security of women. This article draws on feminist theory and feminist security studies literature to highlight four factors that contribute to the exclusion of insurgent women from DDR efforts: attributions of agency, gendered hierarchy within groups, the tendency to collapse complex intersectionalities, and the pressure for patriarchal reordering after conflict. Drawing on selected cases, I illustrate each of these factors at work and discuss the implications for female ex-combatants, policy-makers, and scholars.
The endgame of gas giant formation: accretion luminosity and contraction post-runaway
Authors: Ginzburg Sivan , Chiang Eugene 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Giant planets are thought to form by runaway gas accretion on to solid cores. Growth must eventually stop running away, ostensibly because planets open gaps (annular cavities) in their surrounding discs. Typical models stop runaway by artificially capping the accretion rate and lowering it to zero over an arbitrarily short time-scale. In reality, post-runaway accretion persists as long as the disc remains. During this final and possibly longest phase of formation, when the planet is still emerging from the disc, its mass can more than double, and its radius contracts by orders of magnitude. By drawing from the theory of how gaps clear, we find that post-runaway accretion luminosities diverge depending on disc viscosity: luminosities fall in low-viscosity discs but continue to rise past runaway in high-viscosity discs. This divergence amounts to a factor of 102 by the time the disc disperses. Irrespective of the specifics of how planets interact with discs, the observed luminosity and age of an accreting planet can be used to calculate its instantaneous mass, radius, and accretion rate. We perform this exercise for the planet candidates embedded within the discs orbiting PDS 70, HD 163296, and MWC 758, inferring masses of 1–10 MJ, accretion rates of 0.1–10 MJ Myr−1, and radii of 1–10 RJ. Our radii are computed self-consistently from the planet’s concurrent contraction and accretion and do not necessarily equal the value of 2RJ commonly assumed; in particular, the radius depends on the envelope opacity as R ∝ κ0.5.
Contralateral Interhemispheric Transcallosal Transchoroidal Approach for Resection of a Tumor in the Lateral Wall of the Third Ventricle: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Third ventricular tumors pose a surgical challenge, given the intricate surrounding anatomy and depth of the surgical field. A surgical approach to these lesions can involve several different trajectories, the selection of which is dependent on the location of the tumor. Approaches include transforaminal, translamina terminalis, interforniceal, occipital transtentorial, endoscopic transventricular, transchoroidal, and supracerebellar infratentorial. This patient had a metastatic lesion within the lateral wall of the third ventricle. The selection of the surgical approach was dependent on the laterality of the tumor. The foramen of Monro was identified, and landmarks were confirmed. The choroid plexus could then be retracted medially, and the choroidal sulcus was identified. The sulcus was entered laterally to minimize the risk of transgressing the fornix. The tumor was identified along the lateral third ventricular wall, and the plane between the tumor and normal plane was readily created. The tumor was then removed entirely, and postoperative imaging demonstrated a complete resection. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Interpersonal Dyadic Influences of Pain Catastrophizing Between Caregivers and Children With Chronic Pain
Authors: Parker Delana M. , Birnie Kathryn A. , Yoon Isabel A. , Bhandari Rashmi P. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
Pain catastrophizing is an important predictor of pain-related outcomes. Caregiver and child levels of catastrophizing about child chronic pain are associated cross-sectionally, yet predictive associations testing interpersonal influences within caregiver-child dyads are lacking. The present study tested caregiver and child influences on partner catastrophizing about child pain over a period of 1 month following initiation of interdisciplinary pain treatment and examined whether the change in pain catastrophizing was associated with child pain interference.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 113 caregiver-child dyads (M
age=14.41) completed measures at the time of initiating care at a pediatric tertiary outpatient pain management clinic (baseline) and ∼1 month later. Caregivers and children independently reported on catastrophizing about child pain and child pain interference at baseline and 1-month follow-up.

Results:
Caregiver and child pain catastrophizing decreased over 1 month following initial interdisciplinary pain evaluation, with average scores remaining in the moderate to high range. Change in caregiver, but not child, catastrophizing about child pain was predicted by partner baseline pain catastrophizing. Decreases in catastrophizing about child pain were associated with within-person improvement in ratings of child pain interference.

Discussion:
In the short period following initial pain evaluation, caregivers and children evidenced reductions in pain catastrophizing, which were associated with increased child function. Findings highlight the important role of child cognitive-affective responses to pain in influencing caregiver catastrophizing about child pain. Understanding the individual contributions children and caregivers make to interpersonal pain processes will inform future family-level clinical interventions.
Language Skills in Children Born Preterm (<30 Wks' Gestation) Throughout Childhood: Associations With Biological and Socioenvironmental Factors
Authors: Nguyen Thi-Nhu-Ngoc , Spencer-Smith Megan , Pascoe Leona , Treyvaud Karli , Lee Katherine J. , Thompson Deanne K. , Cheong Jeanie L. Y. , Doyle Lex W. , Anderson Peter J. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To examine the individual and collective contribution of biological and socioenvironmental factors associated with language function at 2, 5, 7, and 13 years in children born preterm (<30 weeks' gestation or <1250 g birth weight).

Methods:
Language function was assessed as part of a prospective longitudinal study of 224 children born preterm at 2, 5, 7, and 13 years using age-appropriate tools. Language Z-scores were generated based on a contemporaneous term-born control group. A selection of biological factors (sex, small for gestational age, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, infection, and qualitatively defined brain injury) and early socioenvironmental factors at age 2 years (primary income earner employment status and type, primary caregiver education level, English as a second language, parental mental health history, parent sensitivity and facilitation, and parent-child synchrony) was chosen a priori. Associations were assessed using univariable and multivariable linear regression models applied to outcomes at each time point.

Results:
Higher primary caregiver education level, greater parent-child synchrony, and parent sensitivity were independently associated with better language function across childhood. Socioenvironmental factors together explained an increasing percentage of the variance (9%–18%) in language function from 2 to 13 years of age. In comparison, there was little evidence for associations between biological factors and language function, even during early childhood years.

Conclusion:
This study highlights the importance of socioenvironmental factors over biological factors for language development throughout childhood. Some of these socioenvironmental factors are potentially modifiable, and parent-based interventions addressing parenting practices and education may benefit preterm children's language development.
Lifetime estrogen exposure and cognition in late life: the Cache County Study
Authors: Matyi Joshua M. , Rattinger Gail B. , Schwartz Sarah , Buhusi Mona , Tschanz JoAnn T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective:
Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is higher for women, possibly influenced by sex-dependent effects of the estrogen. We examined the association between estrogen and cognitive decline in over 2,000 older adult women in a 12-year population-based study in Cache County, Utah.

Methods:
The baseline sample included 2,114 women (mean age = 74.94 y, SD = 6.71) who were dementia-free at baseline and completed a women's health questionnaire, asking questions regarding reproductive history and hormone therapy (HT). Endogenous estrogen exposure (EEE) was calculated taking the reproductive window (age at menarche to age at menopause), adjusted for pregnancy and breastfeeding. HT variables included duration of use, HT type (unopposed; opposed), and time of HT initiation. A modified version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) was administered at four triennial waves to assess cognitive status. Linear mixed-effects models examined the relationship between estrogen exposure and 3MS score over time.

Results:
EEE was positively associated with cognitive status (β = 0.03, P = 0.054). In addition, longer duration of HT use was positively associated with cognitive status (β = 0.02, P = 0.046) and interacted with age; older women had greater benefit compared with younger women. The timing of HT initiation was significantly associated with 3MS (β = 0.55, P = 0.048), with higher scores for women who initiated HT within 5 years of menopause compared with those initiating HT 6-or-more years later.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that longer EEE and HT use, especially in older women, are associated with higher cognitive status in late life.
Cannabinoid effects on responses to quantitative sensory testing among individuals with and without clinical pain: a systematic review
Authors: Mun Chung Jung , Letzen Janelle E. , Peters Erica N. , Campbell Claudia M. , Vandrey Ryan , Gajewski-Nemes Julia , DiRenzo Dana , Caufield-Noll Christine , Finan Patrick H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
There has been an explosion of interest in the utility of cannabinoids as potential analgesics. This systematic review critically synthesizes the evidence for cannabinoid analgesic effects on quantitative sensory testing outcomes in both healthy adults and patients with chronic noncancer pain. Our systematic review protocol is preregistered on PROSPERO (CRD42018117367). An electronic search was made in PsycINFO, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Embase, and Pubmed of all literature published until August 2018. Of the 1217 studies found from the search, a total 39 placebo-controlled studies that met the eligibility criteria were synthesized for this study. Because of substantial heterogeneity of study designs, populations, cannabinoid compounds, and quantitative sensory testing outcomes, meta-analysis was not conducted. More consistent evidence of cannabinoid analgesia was observed for inhaled cannabis than synthetic cannabinoids. Analgesic effects were most commonly observed in tests of cold pain sensitivity, and hyperalgesic effects were most commonly observed in tests of electrical stimulation. Patterns of findings from studies with healthy subjects did not substantively differ from those with chronic noncancer pain. However, these observations are qualified by the high degree of inconsistency across studies and methodological heterogeneity. We offer recommendations for future studies to improve study rigor and reproducibility.