bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signatures of the Existence of Frontal and Lateral Ramp Structures Near the Kishtwar Window of the Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya: Evidence From Microseismicity and Source Mechanisms
Authors: Paul Himangshu , Priestley Keith , Powali Debarchan , Sharma Swati , Mitra Supriyo , Wanchoo Sunil 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe study the Kashmir seismic gap using data from a network of local broadband stations spanning southeastern Kashmir Valley and Jammu. We detected and located several hundred earthquakes using continuous data recorded in our network. The earthquakes (ML 1.0–5.0) were relocated using probabilistic and relative location methods to obtain a subset of events with depth and spatial uncertainty ≤1.5 km. The earthquakes were found to cluster along two adjacent lines parallel to the strike of the Himalaya but at different depths. The SW cluster was found to be shallower (4–15 km) than the NE cluster (13–18 km). The events in the SW cluster shallowed toward NW from SE. We calculated the source mechanism of larger earthquakes (ML≥3.0) using global and local data sets. The source mechanism results show dominant thrust motion of the earthquakes in the NE cluster. Considering nodal planes dipping to the northeast as fault planes, we obtained the model of a steep frontal ramp close to the locked portion of the Main Himalayan Thrust. The model obtained for SW cluster of seismicity showed the presence of a lateral ramp dipping to the SE. Normal faulting was observed in the SW cluster. Our analysis shows two possible causes for the existence of these normal faults—the existing strike‐slip motion loading/unloading stresses on the lateral heterogeneities within the decollement or the transfer of potential energy by sediment yield of the river Chenab. The elevated flat situated northwest of the lateral ramp gives rise to very shallow microseismicity (4–7 km).
Nightside ULF Waves Observed in the Topside Ionosphere by the DEMETER Satellite
Authors: Ouyang X. Y. , Zong Q. G. , Bortnik J. , Wang Y. F. , Chi P. J. , Zhou X. Z. , Yue C. , Hao Y. Q. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe study ultralow‐frequency (ULF) waves at frequencies 17–100 mHz observed in the topside ionosphere by the DEMETER satellite in an ~5‐year period from January 2006 to November 2010. Our results show that two types of ULF oscillations occur on the nightside in the L < 2 region. These two kinds of ULF oscillations are separated based on cross‐covariance analysis between electric field in the DC/ULF range and electron density. Type I ULF oscillations, accompanied by electron density perturbations (average |δNe/Ne0| > 5%), are found to lag behind density variations, and the longitudinal distribution of type I ULF oscillations is quite similar to the longitudinal distribution of plasma irregularities at ~600 km. These signatures suggest that type I ULF oscillations are related to plasma irregularities that are common phenomena in the nightside F region ionosphere. The characteristics of type II ULF oscillations (without significant electron density perturbations) agree well with those features of midlatitude ionospheric electric field fluctuations, which are not thought to be related to magnetospheric origins.
Kinematic Parameter Inversion of the Slumgullion Landslide Using the Time Series Offset Tracking Method With UAVSAR Data
Authors: Wang Changcheng , Cai Jiehua , Li Zhiwei , Mao Xiaokang , Feng Guangcai , Wang Qijie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Slumgullion landslide in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado is a translational debris slide whose active part has been moving for at least 300 years. To further study the kinematic characteristics of the spatiotemporal domain of landslides, we establish a kinematic model based on the behavior of the Slumgullion landslide. The kinematic parameters are inverted with 45 sets of surface displacement fields measured by the time series offset tracking method using uninhabited aerial vehicle synthetic aperture radar (UAVSAR) data obtained for the period from August 2011 to November 2013. The inversion results indicate that the Slumgullion landslide moves with an average velocity of up to 1.2 cm/day and presents obvious seasonal changes in velocity. According to the change of sliding velocity, the head and tail of the Slumgullion landslide tend to be stable, whereas the neck of the landslide is accelerating. The topography has an important influence on the kinematic parameters. Based on the kinematic parameters, we identify the main geological structures of the Slumgullion landslide, including tension cracks, strike‐slip faults, and thrust faults. The geological structures inferred by the kinematic parameters are consistent with a geological interpretive map. We derive more detailed kinematic characteristics for these structures using the obtained the kinematic parameters and infer two previously unmapped thrust faults. Additionally, we also analyze the relationship between the meteorology and the seasonal velocity of the Slumgullion landslide. The consistency between the periodic changes in meteorology (mainly including precipitation and snowmelt) and the seasonal velocity further verifies the rationality of using the kinematic model.
Relocation of River Storage From Global Hydrological Models to Georeferenced River Channels for Improved Load‐Induced Surface Displacements
Authors: Dill R. , Klemann V. , Dobslaw H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractVariations in terrestrial surface water storage cause elastic crustal displacements of several millimeters in the vertical direction on daily to seasonal time scales. Locally, strong signals with exceptionally high amplitudes can be observed along the major river channels. As the horizontal resolution of global hydrological models is typically limited to 0.5° × 0.5°, the generalized model drainage network leads to simulated river mass distributions that are not necessarily collocated with the real courses of the rivers. Moreover, the spreading of locally concentrated surface water on the coarse model grids leads to substantially underestimated amplitudes of simulated hydrologically induced surface displacements. We therefore develop a relocation procedure to improve such hydrological loading estimates, especially at locations near the river banks. We separate the water masses stored in the modeled river network from the total water storage and relocate them on a georeferenced river map with higher resolution. Applying the relocated river masses, simulated hydrological loading amplitudes increase by 0.2–5 mm for the vertical load‐induced surface displacement along the major rivers, at the Amazon even up to additional 15 mm. The amplitudes for the horizontal load‐induced surface displacements are slightly increased, up to maximum 3 mm. Besides changes in the distance to the mass loads, the horizontal displacement fields is also heavily affected by significant changes in the directions to the relocated river mass load. The comparison of modeled hydrologically induced surface displacement time series with Global Positioning System observations shows a significantly improved fit for stations in close proximity to larger rivers when applying the relocation procedure.
Radiosonde‐Derived Temperature Inversions and Their Association With Fog Over 37 Melt Seasons in East Greenland
Authors: Gilson Gaëlle F. , Jiskoot Hester , Cassano John J. , Nielsen Tyrell R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe present temperature inversion characteristics during fog and nonfog conditions at three east Greenland coastal weather stations during Arctic melt seasons 1980–2016. For this purpose, we developed a novel automated method to extract fog‐top height (FTH) from Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive data, which is applicable to any fog thermodynamic profile and includes an improved interpolation of saturation between sounding levels. From the analysis of >22,000 melt‐season soundings we conclude that inversions occur 85–95% of the time, are predominantly elevated, and have median depths >200 m. Fog at high‐Arctic locations often penetrates the inversion layer, especially in the late melt season, and is commonly several hundred meters thick. At low‐Arctic locations fog is thinner and generally restricted to the mixed layer. Inversions during fog are deeper and stronger compared to nonfog conditions. This effect is more pronounced at higher latitudes, which we attribute to distinct local boundary layer conditions and large‐scale processes. The Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive‐extracted FTHs have a cumulative error of 56 m and are in reasonable agreement with retrievals from Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation satellite cloud top data. The novel FTH extraction method can be applied to any polar sounding with >5 significant levels below 700 hPa and can be extended to boundary layer clouds other than fog, which represent the majority of cloud occurrence in the Arctic melt season. This study advances the understanding of interactions between low clouds and temperature inversions and improves retrieval of cloud geometrical thickness from radiosondes: both have important implications for the Arctic surface energy budget.
Mars Thermospheric Variability Revealed by MAVEN EUVM Solar Occultations: Structure at Aphelion and Perihelion and Response to EUV Forcing
Authors: Thiemann E. M. B. , Eparvier F. G. , Bougher S. W. , Dominique M. , Andersson L. , Girazian Z. , Pilinski M. D. , Templeman B. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Mars thermosphere holds clues to the evolution of the Martian climate and has practical implications for spacecraft visiting Mars, which often use it for aerobraking upon arrival, or for landers, which must pass through it. Nevertheless, it has been sparsely characterized, even when past accelerometer measurements and remote observations are taken into account. The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) orbiter, which includes a number of instruments designed to characterize the thermosphere, has greatly expanded the available thermospheric observations. This paper presents new and unanticipated measurements of density and temperature profiles (120–200 km) derived from solar occultations using the MAVEN Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Monitor (EUVM). These new measurements complement and expand MAVEN's intended thermospheric measurement capacity. In particular, because the local time is inherently fixed to the terminator, solar occultations are ideally suited for characterizing long‐term and latitudinal variability. Occultation measurements are made during approximately half of all orbits, resulting in thousands of new thermospheric profiles. The density retrieval method is presented in detail, including an uncertainty analysis. Altitude‐latitude maps of thermospheric density and temperature at perihelion and aphelion are presented, revealing structures that have not been previously observed. Tracers of atmospheric dynamics are also observed, including (1) a high altitude polar warming feature at intermediate latitudes, (2) cooler temperatures coinciding with increased gravity wave activity, and (3) an apparent thermostatic response to solar EUV heating during a solar rotation, which shows heating at high altitudes that is accompanied by cooling at lower altitudes.
The IRE1α-XBP1s pathway promotes insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes by increasing PPARγ activity
Authors: Cho Yoon Mi , Kim Dong Hee , Lee Kyung Hye , Jeong Seong-Whan , Kwon Oh-Joo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) improves whole-body insulin sensitivity by regulating the adipogenic and metabolic functions of mature adipocytes. We have previously demonstrated that an active splice variant of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) enhances PPARγ expression during adipogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of XBP1s, particularly with respect to PPARγ, in the mechanisms underlying insulin sensitivity in mature adipocytes. Insulin was able to stimulate XBP1s generation by activating inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) α and was also able to increase its transcriptional activity by inducing nuclear translocation. XBP1s also upregulated the levels of phosphorylated IRS1 and AKT, demonstrating a positive feedback regulatory mechanism linking insulin and XBP1s. XBP1s enhanced the expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 and, in turn, increased PPARγ activity, translocation of GLUT4 to the cell surface, and glucose uptake rate in adipocytes. In addition, XBP1s abolished palmitate-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes by increasing adiponectin secretion, repressing the secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines such as leptin, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and tumor necrosis factor α, and decreasing fatty acid release. These findings provide a novel mechanism by which XBP1s stimulate insulin sensitivity in adipocytes through fibroblast growth factor 21 induction and PPARγ activation.
Transcriptional activation of glucose transporter 1 in orthodontic tooth movement-associated mechanical response
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Qian , Liu Fuliang , Jin Shanshan , Zhang Yimei , Zhang Ting , Zhu Yunyan , Zhou Yanheng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe interplay between mechanoresponses and a broad range of fundamental biological processes, such as cell cycle progression, growth and differentiation, has been extensively investigated. However, metabolic regulation in mechanobiology remains largely unexplored. Here, we identified glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1)—the primary glucose transporter in various cells—as a novel mechanosensitive gene in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Using an in vivo rat OTM model, we demonstrated the specific induction of Glut1 proteins on the compressive side of a physically strained periodontal ligament. This transcriptional activation could be recapitulated in in vitro cultured human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), showing a time- and dose-dependent mechanoresponse. Importantly, application of GLUT1 specific inhibitor WZB117 greatly suppressed the efficiency of orthodontic tooth movement in a mouse OTM model, and this reduction was associated with a decline in osteoclastic activities. A mechanistic study suggested that GLUT1 inhibition affected the receptor activator for nuclear factor-κ B Ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system by impairing compressive force-mediated RANKL upregulation. Consistently, pretreatment of PDLCs with WZB117 severely impeded the osteoclastic differentiation of co-cultured RAW264.7 cells. Further biochemical analysis indicated mutual regulation between GLUT1 and the MEK/ERK cascade to relay potential communication between glucose uptake and mechanical stress response. Together, these cross-species experiments revealed the transcriptional activation of GLUT1 as a novel and conserved linkage between metabolism and bone remodelling.
Gestational Weight Gain per Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Birth Weight in Twin Pregnancies: A Cohort Study in Wuhan, China
Authors: Chen Yawen , Liu Yan , Zhang Yiming , Hu Ronghua , Qian Zhengmin , Xian Hong , Vaughn Michael G. , Liu Mingzhu , Cao Shiyi , Gan Yong , Zhang Bin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTo assess the relationship between gestational weight gain (GWG) of twin-pregnancy women and twin birth weights, as well as to evaluate whether pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) influences this relationship. A cohort study was conducted in Wuhan, China, between 1/01/2011 and 8/31/2017. Women with twin pregnancies who delivered live and non-malformed twins were included (6,925 women and 13,850 infants), based on the Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Management Information System. Logistic regression models were employed to examine the association between GWG and paired small for gestational age (SGA, defined as birth weight <10th percentile for gestational age and sex)/SGA and linear regression models were utilized to explore the relationship between GWG and sum of birth weights. The associations of GWG based on both the IOM and Chinese recommendations and SGA/SGA pairs were obtained, as well as the stratified analyses by pre-pregnancy BMI. Additionally, the sum birth weight of one twin pair increased by 15.88 g when the GWG increased by 1 kg. GWG below the IOM and Chinese recommendations was associated with an increased risk of SGA/SGA pairs in all pre-pregnancy BMI categories. However, in underweight, overweight, and obese women, the association between GWG above the IOM and Chinese recommendations and SGA/SGA pairs changed with adjustment.
Geographic differences in obesity prevalence and its risk factors among Asian Americans: findings from the 2013–2014 California Health Interview Survey
Authors: Gong Shaoqing , Wang Kesheng , Li Ying , Alamian Arsham 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGeography disparities exist in obesity and obesity related conditions. This study aimed to examine the geographic differences in obesity prevalence and its risk factors among Asian Americans in California. Data (n = 4,000) from the 2013–2014 California Health Interview Survey were used. Obesity (≥27.5 kg/m2) was defined according to the World Health Organization Asian body mass index cut points in Asian groups. Results suggest that 66.5% of Asians lived in urban areas. Among Asian adults, obesity prevalence was highest in Filipinos (33.8%) and lowest in Koreans (12.8%). Compared to rural Vietnamese, obesity prevalence was higher for urban Vietnamese (8.3% vs. 20.2%, p = 0.0318). Weighted multiple logistic regression analyses showed that being 45–64 years (vs. 65 years or above), being Japanese, Filipino, or other Asians (vs. Chinese) were associated with a higher odds of obesity among urban residents; whereas being 18–44 years and being 45–64 years (vs. 65 years or older), being male, having high school education (vs. having graduate education) were associated with a higher odds of obesity among rural residents. Being Vietnamese (vs. Chinese) was associated with 64% decreased odds of obesity only among rural residents (95% confidence interval = 0.14–0.94). The findings show geography disparities in obesity among Asians in California.
Role of an external electric field on hybrid halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 band gaps
Authors: Ji Denghui , Na Mula , Wang Shuling , Zhang Hong , Zhu Kun , Zhang CongMin , Li Xiuling 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe organic-inorganic perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 has attracted much attention due to their power conversion efficiency as a potential photovoltaic material, but the role of an external electric field has not been well understood. Based on first-principles calculations, the effects of an external electric field (E) applied along the [111] direction of the orthorhombic perovskite, CH3NH3PbI3, on its electronic structure and optical properties are investigated. Our results indicate that the electric field strength affects the band gap (Eg) of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3, MA = CH3NH3). The energy difference between the two peaks closest to the Fermi level in the density of states diagram decreases with increasing applied electric field strength along the [111] direction, indicating that the covalent character increases between A-sites cations and I-sites anions. Both the cell volume and the final energy show the same increasing trend. The absorption peaks move toward the visible-frequency range, with the optimal band gap of 1.1–1.45 eV and E = 0.04–0.06 eV/Å/e. In particular, the non-linear change of the second-order Stark effect causes a non-linear change in the band gap.
Comprehensive panicle phenotyping reveals that qSrn7/FZP influences higher-order branching
Authors: Fujishiro Yasuko , Agata Ayumi , Ota Sadayuki , Ishihara Ryota , Takeda Yasumi , Kunishima Takeshi , Ikeda Mayuko , Kyozuka Junko , Hobo Tokunori , Kitano Hidemi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRice grain number directly affects crop yield. Identifying alleles that improve panicle architecture would greatly aid the development of high-yield varieties. Here, we show that the quantitative trait locus qSrn7 contains rice FRIZZY PANICLE (FZP), a previously reported gene encoding an ERF transcription factor that promotes floral transition. Reduced expression of FZP in the reproductive stage increases the extent of higher order branching of the panicle, resulting in increased grain number. Genotype analysis of this gene in cultivars from the publicly available National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS) Core Collection demonstrated that the extent of higher order branching, especially in the upper panicle, was increased in those cultivars carrying the FZP allele associated with qSrn7. Furthermore, chromosome segment substitution lines resulting from a cross between Koshihikari and Kasalath, the latter of which carries qSrn7/FZP, also showed that upper panicle higher order branching and grain yield were increased by qSrn7/FZP. Our findings indicate that qSrn7/FZP influences panicle branching pattern and is thus useful in the breeding of high-yield rice varieties.
Single Trial Plasticity in Evidence Accumulation Underlies Rapid Recalibration to Asynchronous Audiovisual Speech
Authors: Simon David M. , Nidiffer Aaron R. , Wallace Mark T. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAsynchronous arrival of audiovisual information at the peripheral sensory organs is a ubiquitous property of signals in the natural environment due to differences in the propagation time of light and sound. As these cues are constantly changing their distance from the observer, rapid adaptation to asynchronies is crucial for their appropriate integration. We investigated the neural basis of rapid recalibration to asynchronous audiovisual speech in humans using a combination of psychophysics, drift diffusion modeling, and electroencephalography (EEG). Consistent with previous reports, we found that perception of audiovisual temporal synchrony depends on the temporal ordering of the previous trial. Drift diffusion modelling indicated that this recalibration effect is well accounted for by changes in the rate of evidence accumulation (i.e. drift rate). Neural responses as indexed via evoked potentials were similarly found to vary based on the temporal ordering of the previous trial. Within and across subject correlations indicated that the observed changes in drift rate and the modulation of evoked potential magnitude were related. These results indicate that the rate and direction of evidence accumulation are affected by immediate sensory history and that these changes contribute to single trial recalibration to audiovisual temporal asynchrony.
Effects of NH4F and distilled water on structure of pores in TiO2 nanotube arrays
Authors: Kim Jaegyu , Kim Bongsoo , Oh Chungik , Ryu Jeongjae , Kim Hongjun , Park Eugene , No Kwangsoo , Hong Seungbum 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this study, we report the influences of distilled water and ammonium fluoride (NH4F) on morphology of pores in honeycomb-like titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube arrays. We observed the structure and arrangement of pores in the TiO2nanotube arrays based on scanning electron microscopy images and analyzed the spatial distribution of the pores using fast Fourier transform and Voronoi diagram. We studied the individual pore properties including pore diameter, wall thickness, and interpore distance and found that locally connected ordering defects decreased with increasing distilled water concentration. Furthermore, we found that the optimum conditions of well-ordered hexagonal pore arrangement were 2 and 10 vol% distilled water with 0.2 and 0.4 wt% NH4F, respectively. Throughout this study, we provide a better understanding about the roles of distilled water and NH4F in forming well-ordered nanoscale pore structure with less ordering defects in the honeycomb-like TiO2nanotube arrays.