bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD4+ Regulatory T Cells Exert Differential Functions during Early and Late Stages of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses
Authors: Rogers Meredith C. , Lamens Kristina D. , Shafagati Nazly , Johnson Monika , Oury Tim D. , Joyce Sebastian , Williams John V. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Acute respiratory virus infection (ARI) induces CD8+ T cells with diminished cytokine production and functional impairment. The role of cellular mediators of immune impairment, specifically CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), is incompletely understood in ARI. Tregs are known suppressors of effector T cell function, but whether they are detrimental or beneficial in ARI remains controversial. We show in this paper that Treg depletion leads to increased CD8+ T cell function and lower virus titer in mice infected with human metapneumovirus. We further demonstrate that Tregs play a temporal role in the immune response to human metapneumovirus and influenza: Treg depletion before infection pathologically reduces virus-specific CD8+ T cell numbers and delays virus clearance, whereas depletion 2 d postinoculation enhances CD8+ T cell functionality without reducing virus-specific CD8+ T cell numbers. Mechanistically, Treg depletion during immune priming led to impaired dendritic cell and CD8+ T cell migration. Further, early Treg depletion was associated with immune skewing toward a type 2 phenotype characterized by increased type 2 innate lymphoid cells and TH2 CD4+ T cells, which was not observed when Treg depletion was delayed until after inoculation. These results indicate that the presence of Tregs at inoculation is critical for efficient priming of the CD8+ T cell response to ARI, whereas later in infection, Tregs are dispensable for virus clearance.
The Splicing FactorRNA-Binding Fox Protein 1Mediates the Cellular Immune Response inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Nazario-Toole Ashley E. , Robalino Javier , Okrah Kwame , Corrada-Bravo Hector , Mount Stephen M. , Wu Louisa P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe uptake and destruction of bacteria by phagocytic cells is an essential defense mechanism in metazoans. To identify novel genes involved in the phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus, a major human pathogen, we assessed the phagocytic capacity of adult blood cells (hemocytes) of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, by testing several lines of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel. Natural genetic variation in the gene RNA-binding Fox protein 1 (Rbfox1) correlated with low phagocytic capacity in hemocytes, pointing to Rbfox1 as a candidate regulator of phagocytosis. Loss of Rbfox1 resulted in increased expression of the Ig superfamily member Down syndrome adhesion molecule 4 (Dscam4). Silencing of Dscam4 in Rbfox1-depleted blood cells rescued the fly’s cellular immune response to S. aureus, indicating that downregulation of Dscam4 by Rbfox1 is critical for S. aureus phagocytosis in Drosophila. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate a link between Rbfox1, Dscam4, and host defense against S. aureus.
The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Girls' Field Hockey (2008–2009 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Field Hockey (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)
Authors: Lynall Robert C. , Gardner Elizabeth C. , Paolucci Jordan , Currie Dustin W. , Knowles Sarah B. , Pierpoint Lauren A. , Wasserman Erin B. , Dompier Thomas P. , Comstock R. Dawn , Marshall Stephen W. , Kerr Zachary Y. 
Published: July 2018

Context:
The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided the acquisition of data for girls' and women's field hockey injuries.

Objective:
To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school girls' field hockey in the 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 academic years and collegiate women's field hockey in the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance.

Design:
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting:
Online injury surveillance from field hockey teams in high school girls (annual average = 61) and collegiate women (annual average = 14).

Patients or Other Participants:
Girls' and women's field hockey players who participated in practices and competitions during the 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 high school academic years and the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 collegiate academic years.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Athletic trainers collected time-loss (≥24 hours) injury and exposure data. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and injury proportions by body site and diagnosis were calculated.

Results:
The High School Reporting Information Online system documented 983 time-loss injuries during 569 551 AEs; the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 996 time-loss injuries during 185 984 AEs. The injury rate from 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 was higher in college than in high school (3.25 versus 1.73/1000 AEs; IRR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.63, 2.18). Most injuries occurred during practices in high school (52.0%) and college (60.7%). Injury rates were higher during competitions than practices in high school (IRR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.76, 2.26) and college (IRR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.73, 2.23). At both levels, injuries most commonly occurred to the lower extremity and head/face and resulted in muscle/tendon strains and contusions. However, injury patterns varied between practices and competitions.

Conclusions:
Injury rates and patterns varied across age groups and between practices and competitions, highlighting the need for development of targeted injury-prevention strategies at both levels of play.
Chiclero's ulcer: An unusual presentation of Leishmania tropica in Syria
Authors: Youssef Alexey , Yaseer Samar , Harfouch Rim , Marouf Maya , Hasan Foz 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has been an endemic disease in Syria for decades. The first reports of CL from the Syrian city Aleppo date back to the 17th century. The recent crisis has further empowered the spread of this infection not only in Syria, but also in the neighboring countries. Here, we describe a case of a 67-year-old patient with a 6-month, nonhealing ulcerative lesion of the left auricle. It was initially diagnosed as either a squamous or a basal cell carcinoma. However, the biopsy revealed an unexpected finding of Leishmania amastigotes in the histiocytes. Consequently, CL of the auricle, chiclero's ulcer, was diagnosed. Polymerase chain reaction, in turn, revealed Leishmania tropica to be the causing factor; a rather rare one for chiclero's ulcer. The lesion completely resolved after a 3-week glucantime regimen, without any recurrence after an 8-month follow-up.
Influence of Social Interaction on Women College Students’ Electronic Gambling Machine Behaviour
Authors: Pfund Rory A. , Ginley Meredith K. , Whelan James P. , Peter Samuel C. , Wynn Briana S. , Suda Matthew T. , Meyers Andrew W. 
Published: July 2018

Social influence affects college students’ gambling behaviours. However, few studies have experimentally investigated the influence of social interaction on college students’ gambling behaviour, and those studies that have yielded mixed findings. Women college students (n = 109) who endorsed recreational gambling behaviour were randomly assigned to gamble on electronic gambling machines (EGMs) in three conditions: warm social interaction from a confederate (i.e., initiating and maintaining conversation), cold social interaction from a confederate (i.e., refraining from initiating and maintaining conversation), or gambling alone. On average, participants in the warm social interaction condition placed significantly fewer spins and spent more time placing bets on the EGMs compared to the cold social interaction and no confederate conditions. When examining gambling behaviour over time, participants in the warm social interaction condition increased their bet size and the time between their bets over time compared to the cold interaction and no confederate conditions. These results suggest that interpersonal interactions significantly affect gambling behaviour. However, future research is needed to investigate these social processes in other forms of gambling and other gambling experiences.RésuméL’influence sociale affecte les comportements de jeu des étudiants collégiaux et universitaires. Cependant, peu d’études ont analysé de manière expérimentale l’influence de l’interaction sociale sur le comportement de jeu des étudiants, et les études ont donné des résultats mitigés. Les étudiantes (n = 109) qui ont adopté un comportement de jeu récréatif ont été affectées au hasard à des jeux électroniques en fonction d’une des trois conditions suivantes : avec interaction sociale amicale d’un camarade (c.-à-d., qui amorce et entretient la conversation), avec interaction sociale froide d’un camarade (qui s’abstient d’amorcer et d’entretenir la conversation) ou en solitaire. En moyenne, les participantes en condition d’interaction sociale amicale ont joué beaucoup moins de tours et ont consacré plus de temps à parier sur les appareils de jeu électroniques, comparées à ceux qui étaient en interaction sociale froide ou en solitaire. En examinant le comportement de jeu sur une période donnée, les participantes en condition d’interaction sociale amicale ont augmenté la taille des paris et la durée entre les paris par rapport à celles qui étaient dans une interaction sociale froide et en solitaire. Ces résultats font ressortir que les interactions interpersonnelles affectent de manière importante le comportement du jeu. Cependant, d’autres recherches doivent être effectuées pour analyser ces processus sociaux dans d’autres formes de jeux de hasard et d’autres expériences de jeu.
Erratum to: Multi-Venue Self-Exclusion for Gambling Disorders: A Retrospective Process Investigation
Authors: Pickering Dylan , Blaszczynski Alex , Gainsbury Sally M 
Published: July 2018

Erratum to: Multi-Venue Self-Exclusion for Gambling Disorders: A Retrospective Process Investigation Originally published in JGI Online First section, Issue 38, Month 2018 DOI:http://dx.doi.org/xxx-xxxx-xxThere were errors in several values listed in Figure 5 under the subheadings “Abstinent” and “Non-abstinent.” Further, the order of these subheadings was reversed. The correct table is shown in the current version of the manuscript.Corrected version may be found in JGI, Issue 38, May 2018 DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2018.38.7
On the role of the North Equatorial Counter Current during a strong El Niño
Authors: Webb David John 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. An analysis of archived data from the NEMO 1∕12th degree global ocean model
shows the importance of the North Equatorial Counter Current (NECC) in the
development of the strong 1982–1983 and 1997–1998 El Niños. The model
results indicate that in a normal year the core of warm water in the NECC is
diluted by the surface Ekman transport, by geostrophic inflow and by tropical
instability waves. During the development of the 1982–1983 and 1997–1998 El Niños,
these processes had reduced effect at the longitudes of warmest
equatorial temperatures and to the west. During the autumns of 1982 and 1997,
the speed of the NECC was also increased by a stronger-than-normal annual
Rossby wave. The increased transport of warm water by the NECC due to these
changes resulted in warm water reaching the far eastern Pacific and appears
to have been a major factor in moving the centre of deep atmospheric
convection eastwards across the Pacific.
Patient willingness to be seen by a physician associate in Ireland
Authors: Joyce Pauline , Arnett Richard , Hill Arnold , Hooker Roderick S. 
Published: July 2018

Background: The physician associate (PA) role was piloted in Dublin, Ireland between 2015 and 2017. However, the concept of a PA and the acceptance of their role in Ireland had not been explored.Objective: To investigate the willingness of Irish citizens to be seen by a PA based on medical scenarios in a typical clinical setting.Design: A mixed methods study was undertaken. A preference survey, with three medical scenarios, gave participants a choice to be treated by a PA or a doctor, with two time trade-off options offered. Responses were supported with qualitative text. Four hundred people were invited to participate as surrogate patients.Setting and participants: In 2017 a total of 270 respondents took part in the study (67.5%) in two hospitals (one private and one public) in Dublin. The mean age was 60; male (n = 142) and female (n = 128) respondents.Findings: In total, 95% of the respondents chose to see a PA over a doctor based on the scenarios presented and a wait time of 30 minutes. Wait time, trust, competency and the severity or seriousness of the medical condition were categorized into three themes for choosing the PA over the doctor. The “surrogate patient” decisions made by this sample were influenced by knowing that the PA is supervised and can check decisions with his/her supervizing physician.Conclusion: These findings are consistent with studies carried out in other countries where willingness to be seen by a PA is neither age nor gender specific. Patient preference seems to concur around the importance of trust and confidence in the medical provider.
EXTRACTION OF RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS BY MIXES OF ISOMERS OF TRIBUTYLPHOSPHATE WITH NITRATE TRIALKYLMETHYLAMMONIUM
Authors: Val'kov Alexander V. , Khmelevskaya Nadezhda D. 
Published: July 2018

Results of studying of extraction of nitrates of rare-earth elements (REE) and trialkylmetylammoniya nitrate (TAMAN) are given by mixes of isomers of tributyl phosphate (TBP). Tri-iso-butylphosphate and tri - sec-butylphosphate are investigated as isomers of normal tributylphosphate. The water phase contained 8 mol/dm3 nitrate of ammonium and 5.10-4 mol/dm3 of neodymium nitrate at рН = 2-3. The content of extractants in isomolar series was varied in the range of 0-0.3 mol/dm3. It was established that synergistic effect decreases in a series of TBP> TIBP> TvtBP. Synergistic effect is calculated as the distribution coefficient relation at extraction by mix of extractants to the sum of coefficients of distribution at extraction by each of extractants. Synergistic effect reaches its maximum value at the ratio: [NPOC] : [TAMAN] = 2 : 1 for TBP and 4-5 : 1 for TiBP, TvtBP, and the absolute value fluctuates within 10-50 at extraction of microconcentration of REE. It is noted that the method of isomolar series is applied incorrectly in many researches with the violation of the fundamental requirements (variable concentration of rare earth metals and acid in the aqueous phase, an assumption of a possibility of simultaneous existence of several solvate, variable concentration of salting-out owing to extraction into the organic phase, the association and polymerization in the organic phase, etc..), which must be followed when using this method. Мultiple saturation method (MSM) is offered for a correct application of the method of isomolar series. The method consists in the fact that the organic phase is saturated repeatedly (5-6 times) with the original aqueous solution until a constant composition of the aqueous phase at all points of isomolar series. It is possible to believe that the organic phase is responsible for the deviation from the additivity in this case. It was established that synergistic effect tends to unity or virtually disappears in the extraction of REE macroamounts method of ofisomolar series of multiple saturation. It is shown that value of synergistic effect approaches unity at gadolinium nitrate extraction by isomolar mix in the MSM mode. Synergistic effect for a mixture of rare earth elements is close to unity in the extraction of REE mixtures macroamounts of TiBP and TAMAN, and the individual elements are distributed in accordance with the extraction characteristics of each of the extractants alone: synergistic effect for several elements of cerium is greater than one, and yttrium - somewhat less than one. It is suggested that if there is free extragent the formation of mixed solvate may be explained by the steric effect, which disappears at saturation of extracgent.Forcitation:Val'kov A.V., Khmelevskaya N.D. Extraction of rare-earth elements by mixes of isomers of tributylphosphate with nitrate trialkylmethylammonium. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 7. P. 54-60
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Tetramic Acid via Resin‐Bound Enol Ethers as a Privileged Scaffold in Drug Discovery
Authors: Schütznerová Eva , Oliver Allen G. , Přibylka Adam , Krchňák Viktor 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper reports the practical synthesis of a tetramic acid scaffold on solid phase using simple, commercially available building blocks under mild conditions. Acyclic precursors were assembled on solid phase in four steps, and cyclization was achieved by Wittig olefination. The target compounds contained three points of diversification and allowed for further modifications while still being attached to the resin. Solid‐phase synthesis represents a method of choice, particularly for parallel synthesis, because the intermediates can be isolated simply and quickly by washing the resin beads, which typically takes only minutes.magnified image
Circumferential resection margin as a prognostic factor after rectal cancer surgery: A large population‐based retrospective study
Authors: Liu Qi , Luo Dakui , Cai Sanjun , Li Qingguo , Li Xinxiang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate circumferential resection margin (CRM) as a prognostic factor for long‐term oncologic survival after rectal cancer surgery.MethodsPatients diagnosed with malignant rectal cancer between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2014, from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program were identified for this study. The patients were divided into five CRM groups to compare the baseline characteristics and assess cancer‐specific survival (CSS): 0‐1 mm, 1.1‐2.0 mm, 2.1‐5.0 mm, 5.1‐10.0 mm, and >10 mm. The main endpoint was CSS.ResultsCircumferential resection margin ≤1 mm was independently associated with 99% increased risk of cancer‐specific mortality in rectal cancer [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.990, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.613‐2.454, P < 0.001, using CRM (1.1‐2.0 mm) as a reference]. CRM (5.1‐10.0 mm) was independently associated with 29.2% decreased risk of cancer‐specific mortality [HR = 0.708, 95% CI = 0.525‐0.954, P = 0.152, using group (2.1‐5.0 mm) as reference]. CRM ≤2 mm or ≤0.4 mm was not obviously associated with CSS.Conclusionscircumferential resection margin is an independent prognostic factor in rectal cancer. Surgeons should try to maximize the CRM. Rectal cancer patients with CRM ≤1 mm should receive more postoperative attention depending on individual situation. Also, CRM should be accurately measured in millimeters in a preoperative magnetic resonance imaging or pathological report, rather than simply described as “involved” or “clear.”
Large Dimensional CeO2 Nanoflakes by Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis: Lamellar Nano‐Channels and Surface Oxygen Vacancies Promote Catalytic Activity
Authors: Ding Huihui , Yang Jingxia , Ma Shuyi , Yigit Nevzat , Xu Jingli , Rupprechter Günther , Wang JinJie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLarge nano‐structured flakes of CeO2 (20–80 nm in thickness, up to 5.6 μm in diameter) were synthesized by a combination of microwave (MW), ultraviolet (UV) and ultrasound (US), with or without pressure (P). The CeO2 structures were systematically examined by XRD, SEM, N2 sorption, HRTEM, XPS, Raman and H2‐TPR. The synthesized CeO2 nanoflakes were composed by 3.0–7.5 nm nanoparticles with the (111) surface exposed, and laminated to nanoflakes with 3.42–3.85 nm nano‐channels in between. MW‐assisting was beneficial to form a higher surface Ce3+/(Ce3++Ce4+) ratio and surface oxygen vacancies during short synthesis procedure. A Raman peak at 480 cm−1 correlating with bulk Ce3+ was detected. H2‐TPR found MW and MW+P had more surface Ce3+ (surface oxygen vacancies). CO oxidation and imine conversion proved that MW+P was the optimum condition to produce highly active CeO2 nanoflakes. The much better catalytic performance than CeO2 from solvothermal preparation, due to the larger channel gap (3.85 nm),a higher Ce3+/(Ce3++Ce4+) ratio (32 %) and more surface oxygen vacancies on the particles of the organized flake structures.
Employee attitudes towards corporate social responsibility: a study on gender, age and educational level differences
Authors: Rosati Francesco , Costa Roberta , Calabrese Armando , Pedersen Esben Rahbek Gjerdrum 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPrevious studies show that individual characteristics can influence stakeholder attitudes towards corporate social responsibility (CSR). This study analyses employee attitudes such as CSR demandingness, trust and satisfaction, to determine whether they vary according to differences in gender, age, and educational level. The analysis was carried out by surveying 153 employees of 11 Italian banks, and by performing a content analysis of the banks' sustainability reports. The Italian banking sector was chosen because of recent financial and CSR scandals. The findings suggest that, on average, male employees are slightly more trusting in and satisfied with CSR performance than their female counterparts. Graduates are slightly more demanding, largely more trusting, and generally more satisfied than non‐graduates. Interestingly, the difference between older and younger employees is not significant. The proposed approach can be useful in designing tailored CSR activities and communication avenues by shedding light on employees' CSR attitudes.
The Effect of Additives for Reflux or Dysphagia Management on Osmolality in Ready‐to‐Feed Preterm Formula: Practice Implications
Authors: Levy Deborah S. , Osborn Erika , Hasenstab Kathryn A. , Nawaz Saira , Jadcherla Sudarshan R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground: A common osmolality threshold for feedings is to stay <450 mOsm/kg for normal infants. Preterm formulas are frequently modified to improve growth, modify nutrition, and manage gastroesophageal reflux (GER) or dysphagia. Relationships between osmolality and additives to ready‐to‐feed preterm formulas are unclear. Our aims were to evaluate and compare the effects of caloric density, thickening agent recipes, and supplements to ready‐to‐feed preterm formula on osmolality. Methods: A freezing point osmometer was used to measure the osmolality of 47 preterm infant formula combinations with varying caloric densities (ready‐to‐feed 22 and 30 cal/oz), thickening agents (rice vs oatmeal cereal), thickener amounts (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 tsp/oz), and combinations of supplements (saline, iron, vitamin D, or multivitamin). Ten samples per combination were tested using a 10‐μL pipette. Comparisons were made using analysis of variance and t‐tests for group and pair‐wise comparisons, respectively. Results: A total of 470 osmolality samples were analyzed: (1) raters had high agreement (r = 0.98; P < .001); (2) for every 0.5 tsp/oz of thickener, the osmolality increases by 30 mOsm/kg (P < .001); (3) osmolality was higher with the oatmeal (vs rice) thickening agent (P < .001); and (4) vitamin and electrolyte supplement combinations increase osmolality. Conclusions: Alteration of ready‐to‐feed preterm formulas may significantly increase osmolality and have unintended consequences. Caution and monitoring should be exercised with modifying ready‐to‐feed preterm formulas for regurgitation, rumination, GER, dysphagia, feeding intolerance, or emesis. This study supports the concept of achieving volume tolerance before further manipulation of additives.