bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of nursing work life and related factors among emergency nurses in Jordan
Authors: Suleiman Khaled , Hijazi Zaineh , Al Kalaldeh Mahmoud , Abu Sharour Loai 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study is to assess quality of nursing work life (QNWL) and related factors among nurses working in emergency room (ER).

Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed. Data were collected from a convenient sample of nurses working in ER Eligible participants were required to complete a demographic and work related variables sheet, the Brooks Quality of Nursing Work Survey (BQNWLS).

Results
A total of (186) nurses participated in the study. Study participants reported a BQNWL mean score of (M = 140.15, SD = 28.34) indicating a moderate BQNWL. Additionally, the participants scored moderate levels on all BQNWL subscales. The mean score of BQNWL was statistically better for nurses who had training courses on emergency department (t = −2.663, P = 0.008). However, no other statistically significant differences were found in BQNWL scores in regarding to demographic and work related variables.

Conclusion
The results of this study reported a noticeable alteration in QNWL among nurses working in ER. The nurses had a moderate QNWL levels. Also, the results emphasized on the importance of conducting further interventional research studies in the future to establish effective measures to enhance nurse QNWL. Consequently, this may improve the provided nursing care for the patients and their families.
Detection of X‐Rays by Solution‐Processed Cesium‐Containing Mixed Triple Cation Perovskite Thin Films
Authors: Basiricò Laura , Senanayak Satyaprasad P. , Ciavatti Andrea , Abdi‐Jalebi Mojtaba , Fraboni Beatrice , Sirringhaus Henning 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMaterials and technology development for designing innovative and efficient X‐ray radiation detectors is of utmost importance for a wide range of applications ranging from security to medical imaging. Here, highly sensitive direct X‐ray detectors based on novel cesium (Cs)‐based triple cation mixed halide perovskite thin films are reported. Despite being in a thin film form, the devices exhibit a remarkably high X‐ray sensitivity of (3.7 ± 0.1) µC Gy−1 cm−2 under short‐circuit conditions. At a small reverse bias of 0.4 V, the sensitivity further increases by orders of magnitude reaching a record value of (97 ± 1) µC Gy−1 cm−2 which surpasses state‐of‐the‐art inorganic large‐area detectors (a‐Se and poly‐CZT). Based on detailed structural, electrical, and spectroscopic investigations, the exceptional sensitivity of the triple cation Cs perovskite is attributed to its high ambipolar mobility‐lifetime product as well as to the formation of a pure stable perovskite phase with a low degree of energetic disorder, due to an efficient solution‐based alloying of individual n‐ and p‐type perovskite semiconductors.
Scalable Fabrication of Metallic Nanofiber Network via Templated Electrodeposition for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Zhang Cuiping , Cai Jingxuan , Liang Chuwei , Khan Arshad , Li Wen‐Di 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMetallic nanofiber networks (MNFNs) are very promising for next‐generation flexible transparent electrodes (TEs) since they can retain outstanding optical and electrical properties during bending due to their ultralong and submicron profile. However, it is still challenging to achieve cost‐effective and high‐throughput fabrication of MNFNs with reliable and consistent performance. Here, a cost‐effective method is reported to fabricate high‐performance MNFN‐TEs via templated electrodeposition and imprint transfer. The fabricated electrodeposition template has a trilayer structure of glass/indium tin oxide/SiO2 with nanotrenches in the insulating SiO2 that can be utilized for repeated electrodeposition of the MNFNs, which are then transferred to flexible substrates. The fabricated TEs exhibit excellent optical transmittance (>84%) and electrical conductivity (<0.9 Ω sq−1) and show desirable mechanical flexibility with a sheet resistance <2 Ω sq−1 under a bending radius of 3 mm. Meanwhile, the MNFN‐TEs reproduced from the reusable template show consistent and reliable performance. Additionally, this template‐based method can realize the direct patterning of MNFN‐TEs with arbitrary conductive patterns by selective masking of the template. As a demonstration, a flexible dynamic electroluminescent display is fabricated using TEs made by this method, and the light‐emitting pattern is observable from both sides.
A New Strategy toward “Simple” Water‐Soluble AIE Probes for Hypoxia Detection
Authors: Xu Changhuo , Zou Hang , Zhao Zheng , Zhang Pengfei , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Sung Herman H. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHypoxia‐responsive fluorescent probes have emerged as a novel scaffold for tumor diagnosis. However, dilemma often exists between simple synthesis and high water solubility in traditional probes. Owing to the intrinsic property of N‐oxides, herein, a new strategy is proposed to design and synthesize probes for in vitro hypoxia imaging. Equipped with tetraphenylethene (TPE), the N‐oxides exhibit aggregation‐induced emission characteristics and emit no light in aqueous solutions. Interestingly, the N‐oxides can be reduced by ferrous ions in different rates. The aggregation of the resulting hydrophobic TPE residues restricts the intramolecular motions of the molecules, which “turns‐on” their fluorescence. The NO covalent bond of one molecule can be specifically cleaved by cellular reductase overexpressed under hypoxic conditions, and thus turn‐on hypoxia imaging in vitro is achieved. The new strategy to design hypoxia imaging probes is extremely valuable and has great potential for application in tumor diagnosis.
Toward Cluster Materials with Ordered Structures via Self‐Assembly of Heterocluster Janus Molecules
Authors: Ren Li‐Jun , Liu Hong‐Kai , Wu Han , Hu Min‐Biao , Wang Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCluster materials have attracted much attention because of their unique chemical and physical properties, hitherto unseen in bulk materials. Inspired by the lipid self‐assembly principle, a series of heterocluster Janus molecules (HCJMs) with atomic precision have been rationally designed and synthesized by connecting different clusters via covalent bonds for the construction of nanomaterials and nano‐objects. Due to their amphiphilicity, HCJMs self‐assemble into cluster‐containing nanomaterials or nano‐objects with versatile ordered structures beyond those observed in conventional crystals. Their hybrid composition and nanoscale size are also greatly advantageous in the study of their fine structure by electron microscopy techniques, and enable their formation mechanisms to be unraveled. Finally, the influence of the characteristics of the HCJMs on the structure and properties of the self‐assembled nano‐objects are explored comprehensively. This synthesis strategy will promote further development of cluster materials with advanced functions via rational molecular design toward the construction of hierarchical nanostructures via molecular self‐assembly.
Fast and Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing In Vivo Enabled by Bioreducible Lipid and Messenger RNA Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Ji , Chang Jin , Jiang Ying , Meng Xiandi , Sun Tianmeng , Mao Lanqun , Xu Qiaobing , Wang Ming 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA main challenge to broaden the biomedical application of CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) associated protein 9) genome editing technique is the delivery of Cas9 nuclease and single‐guide RNA (sgRNA) into the specific cell and organ. An effective and very fast CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in vitro and in vivo enabled by bioreducible lipid/Cas9 messenger RNA (mRNA) nanoparticle is reported. BAMEA‐O16B, a lipid nanoparticle integrated with disulfide bonds, can efficiently deliver Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA into cells while releasing RNA in response to the reductive intracellular environment for genome editing as fast as 24 h post mRNA delivery. It is demonstrated that the simultaneous delivery of Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA using BAMEA‐O16B knocks out green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression of human embryonic kidney cells with efficiency up to 90%. Moreover, the intravenous injection of BAMEA‐O16B/Cas9 mRNA/sgRNA nanoparticle effectively accumulates in hepatocytes, and knocks down proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 level in mouse serum down to 20% of nontreatment. The leading lipid nanoparticle, BAMEA‐O16B, represents one of the most efficient CRISPR/Cas9 delivery nanocarriers reported so far, and it can broaden the therapeutic promise of mRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 technique further.
3D Hierarchical Gallium Oxynitride Nanostructures Decorated with Ag Nanoparticles Applied as Recyclable Substrates for Ultrasensitive SERS Sensing
Authors: Liu Qingyun , Chen Ping , Ye Yongqin , Wan Ying , Wang Bin , Luo Zhiqiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDeveloping plasmon‐assisted semiconductor nanocomposites as multifunctional surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for detection as well as photodegradation of toxic organic pollutants appears to be a crucial step in upgrading the SERS technique to a quantitative analytical level. However, conventional photocatalytic semiconductor scaffolds are confined in ultraviolet‐light‐active metal oxide nanostructures (TiO2, ZnO, etc.). Herein, the scope of semiconductor scaffold is expanded to visible‐light‐active oxynitrides by developing a robust and ultrasensitive recyclable SERS substrate based on 3D hierarchical gallium oxynitrides (GaON) nanosheets loading with Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Significantly, the bandgap of GaON nanosheets shrinks to 2.9 eV to enable visible‐light adsorption. The as‐fabricated SERS substrate shows a high sensitivity with enhancement factor of 5.2 × 107 in R6G detection, and yields a wide detection range of 1.0 × 10−6 –1.0 × 10−12 mol L−1. Assisted with the enhanced charge transfer by generating the Schottky contact at the metal/semiconductor interface and the electron traps played by the residue oxygen, the Ag/GaON nanocomposites show attractive recyclability at visible‐light irradiation with well‐maintained SERS activity after four cycles. This work demonstrates the superiority of taking advantage of plasmon‐assisted oxynitride semiconductors as a high‐performance SERS platform and provides new opportunities for developing robust visible‐light‐driven recyclable SERS substrates.
Ultrasensitive and Recyclable Upconversion‐Fluorescence Fibrous Indicator Paper with Plasmonic Nanostructures for Single Droplet Detection
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Jun , Zhang Jun‐Cheng , Wang Xiao‐Xiong , Liu Jiang‐Jun , Li Ru , Yu Miao , Ramakrishna Seeram , Long Yun‐Ze 
Published: June 2019

AbstractConventional indicator paper is disposable after use and requires a large amount of target solution. Herein, recyclable upconversion fluorescence indicator papers consisting of upconversion nanorods and plasmonic nanostructures are fabricated by electrospinning. This recyclable indicator paper exhibits good flexibility and superhydrophobicity with enhanced upconversion fluorescence. Rhodamine B (RhB) is selected as the target solution because it is prohibited as a food additive but often occurs in food, and conventional detection methods usually need a large volume of solution (>1 mL) to refine to higher concentrations because of the low detection sensitivity. Significantly different from the traditional detection system, this upconversion fluorescence fibrous indicator paper can detect RhB as low as 0.01 ppm, which is superior to most reported detection limits for fluorescence sensors. Moreover, this indicator paper can detect a single droplet (≈10 µL) of RhB without needing a large amount of solution. After detection, the target solution is easily removed for excellent recyclability, which is another advantage over the traditional detection system.
Hybridization of Multiple Vibrational Modes via Strong Coupling Using Confined Light Fields
Authors: Menghrajani Kishan S. , Fernandez Henry A. , Nash Geoffrey R. , Barnes William L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStrong coupling of molecules placed in an optical microcavity may lead to the formation of hybrid states called polaritons, states that inherit characteristics of both the optical cavity modes and the molecular resonance. This is possible for both excitonic and vibrational molecular resonances. Previous work has shown that strong coupling may be used to hybridize two different excitonic resonances; this can be achieved when more than one molecular species is included in the cavity. Here it is shown that under suitable conditions three different molecular vibrational resonances of the same molecular unit may also be coupled together, the resulting polariton having characteristics of all three vibrational resonances. These results suggest that strong coupling might be used to manipulate vibrational resonances in a richer and subtler way than previously considered, opening a path to greater control of molecular systems and molecular processes via vibrational strong coupling.
Super‐Long Persistent Luminescence in the Ultraviolet A Region from a Bi3+‐Doped LiYGeO4 Phosphor
Authors: Shi Junpeng , Sun Xia , Zheng Shenghui , Fu Xiaoyan , Yang Yi , Wang Jiani , Zhang Hongwu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHere, a novel super‐long, ultraviolet A region (UVA), persistent luminescent (PerL) material, LiYGeO4:Bi3+, is developed. After irradiation at 254 nm for 10 min, the UVA PerL of LiYGeO4:Bi3+ can persist for more than 300 h. In addition, the LiYGeO4:Bi3+ also possesses a strong UVA emission with a power density of 11.83 mW m−2 at 10 s after the removal of the excitation source. Even after 72 h, the UVA PerL emission spectrum can still be clearly detected, which is the same as the photoluminescence emission spectrum and originated from the Bi3+ emitting centers. Furthermore, LiYGeO4:Bi3+ also exhibits a photostimulated PerL property, which can be easily activated with a red light emitting diode (LED) or NIR laser irradiation after the long‐term decay. Combining the results of the PerL excitation, absorption, and thermoluminescence spectra, the excellent UVA PerL of LiYGeO4:Bi3+ can be ascribed to the existence of abundant trap sites created by the loss of Li+. This excellent PerL material can make up for deficiency of PerL materials in the UVA region and greatly expand the application of PerL materials in the biomedical, energy, environmental, and catalysis fields.
Three‐dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of the distal radius insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments in hominoid primates
Authors: Casado Aroa , Punsola Vicenç , Gómez Mónica , de Diego Marina , Barbosa Mercedes , de Paz Félix J. , Pastor Juan F. , Potau Josep M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo identify anatomic differences in the insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments in different species of hominoid primates that may be related to their different types of locomotion.Materials and methodsWe have used three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics (3D GM) to analyze the distal radius ligament insertion sites in 31 Homo sapiens, 25 Pan troglodytes, 31 Gorilla gorilla, and 15 Pongo pygmaeus. We have also dissected the radioscaphocapitate (RSC), long radiolunate (LRL) and short radiolunate (SRL) ligaments in six H. sapiens and five P. troglodytes to obtain quantitative values that were then compared with the results of the 3D GM analysis.Results
H. sapiens had a relatively larger insertion site of the RSC + LRL ligament than the other hominoid primates. P. pygmaeus and P. troglodytes had a relatively large SRL ligament insertion site with a palmar orientation. In G. gorilla, the two ligament insertion sites were relatively smaller and the SRL insertion site had an ulnopalmar orientation.DiscussionThe morphological differences observed can be related to the types of locomotion used by the different species and to quantitative data obtained from the dissection of ligaments in H. sapiens and P. troglodytes. 3D GM analysis of ligament insertion sites can help in interpreting the types of locomotion used by extinct hominoid primates through the analysis of preserved fossilized fragments of the distal radius.
Dendrimer Conjugation Enables Multiphoton Chemical Neurophysiology Studies with an Extended π‐Electron Caging Chromophore
Authors: Richers Matthew T. , Passlick Stefan , Agarwal Hitesh , Ellis‐Davies Graham C. R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe have developed a caged neurotransmitter using an extended π‐electron chromophore for efficient multiphoton uncaging on living neurons. Widely studied in a chemical context, such chromophores are inherently bioincompatible due to their highly lipophilic character. Attachment of two polycarboxylate dendrimers, a method we call “cloaking”, to a bisstyrylthiophene (or BIST) core effectively transformed the chromophore into a water‐soluble optical probe, whilst maintaining the high two‐photon absorption of over 500 GM. Importantly, the cloaked caged compound was biologically inert at the high concentrations required for multiphoton chemical physiology. Thus, in contrast to non‐cloaked BIST compounds, the BIST‐caged neurotransmitter can be safely delivered onto neurons in acutely isolated brain slices, thereby enabling high‐resolution two‐photon uncaging without any side effects. We expect that our cloaking method will enable the development of new classes of cell‐compatible photolabile probes using a wide variety of extended π‐electron caging chromophores.
Direct Formic Acid MediatedZ‐Selective Reductive Coupling of Dienes and Aldehydes
Authors: Cooze Christopher , Dada Raphael , Lundgren Rylan J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMethods for the addition of unsaturated nucleophiles to carbonyls to generateZ‐olefin products remain rare and often require either alkyl borane or zinc reductants, limiting their utility. Demonstrated here is that formic acid mediates the Rh‐catalyzed,Z‐selective coupling of dienes and aldehydes. The process is distinguished by broad tolerance towards reducible or electrophilic groups. Kinetic analysis suggests that generation of the catalytically active Rh intermediate by ligand dissociation is the rate‐determining step. The rapid generation and trapping of Rh‐allyl intermediates is key to preventing chain‐walking isomerization events that plague related protocols. Insights gained through this study may have wider implications in selective metal‐catalyzed hydrofunctionalization reactions.
A Switchable Domino Process for the Construction of Novel CO2‐Sourced Sulfur‐Containing Building Blocks and Polymers
Authors: Ouhib Farid , Grignard Bruno , Van Den Broeck Elias , Luxen André , Robeyns Koen , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Jerome Christine , Detrembleur Christophe 
Published: June 2019

Abstractα‐Alkylidene cyclic carbonates (αCCs) recently emerged as attractive CO2‐sourced synthons for the construction of complex organic molecules. Herein, we report the transformation of αCCs into novel families of sulfur‐containing compounds by organocatalyzed chemoselective addition of thiols, following a domino process that is switched on/off depending on the desired product. The process is extremely fast and versatile in substrate scope, provides selectively linear thiocarbonates or elusive tetrasubstituted ethylene carbonates with high yields following a 100 % atom economy reaction, and valorizes CO2 as a renewable feedstock. It is also exploited to produce a large diversity of unprecedented functional polymers. It constitutes a robust platform for the design of new sulfur‐containing organic synthons and important families of polymers.
Mechanical and dielectric properties and crystalline behavior of multilayer graphite‐filled polyethylene composites
Authors: Shi Meinong , Yang Weimin , Zhang Youchen , Tan Jing , Cheng Lisheng , Jiao Zhiwei , Zhen Xiangshi 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTAs one of the duplicated cases of ultrathin polymer films, multilayer graphite/polymer composites are of great interests in various applications. Graphite/polyethylene (PE) composites with various layer numbers and graphite particle sizes were prepared by lamination. The mechanical and dielectric properties and crystalline behavior of the composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile test, and dielectric strength test. With the same amount of graphite addition, the tensile strength of the composites increases with decreasing layer thickness, but decreases with increasing graphite particle size. The longitudinal tensile strength is greater than the transverse one. The tensile strength of the 36‐layer composites with a particle size of 15 μm has enhancements of 34.76 and 68.39% in the longitudinal and transverse directions compared with that of the single‐layer pure PE film. The dielectric constant of the composites nonlinearly increases with decreasing layer thickness, while the dielectric loss is independent of this factor. The dielectric constant of the 36‐layer composites with a particle size of 15 μm is about two times as large as that of the single‐layer pure PE film. The crystalline peak temperature and the crystallinity of the composites increase with the decrease in layer thickness. Coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations were also carried out to understand the experimental observations by getting an insight into the microstructure of the multilayer composites. This work would be helpful for the production of optimized of multilayer graphite/polymer composites by lamination for electric energy storage. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48131.
Association of Pulmonary Hemorrhage, Positive Proteinase 3, and Urinary Red Blood Cell Casts With Venous Thromboembolism in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Kronbichler Andreas , Leierer Johannes , Shin Jae Il , Merkel Peter A. , Spiera Robert , Seo Philip , Langford Carol A. , Hoffman Gary S. , Kallenberg Cees G. M. , St.Clair E. William , Brunetta Paul , Fervenza Fernando C. , Geetha Duvuru , Keogh Karina A. , Monach Paul A. , Ytterberg Steven R. , Mayer Gert , Specks Ulrich , Stone John H. ,   the RAVE−ITN Research Group
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the frequency of venous thromboembolism (VTE) events in the Rituximab in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)–Associated Vasculitis (RAVE) trial and identify novel potential risk factors.MethodsVTE events in 197 patients enrolled in the RAVE trial were analyzed. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with VTE in ANCA‐associated vasculitis (AAV).ResultsVTE occurred in 16 patients (8.1%) with an overall average time to event of 1.5 months (range 1.0–2.75). In univariate analyses with calculation of hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), heart involvement (HR 17.408 [95% CI 2.247–134.842]; P = 0.006), positive proteinase 3 (PR3)–ANCA (HR 7.731 [95% CI 1.021–58.545]; P = 0.048), pulmonary hemorrhage (HR 3.889 [95% CI 1.448–10.448]; P = 0.008), and the presence of red blood cell casts (HR 15.617 [95% CI 3.491–69.854]; P < 0.001) were associated with the onset of VTE. In multivariate models adjusted for age and sex, the significant associations between VTE events and heart involvement (HR 21.836 [95% CI 2.566–185.805]; P = 0.005), PR3‐ANCA (HR 9.12 [95% CI 1.158–71.839]; P = 0.036), pulmonary hemorrhage (HR 3.91 [95% CI 1.453–10.522]; P = 0.007), and urinary red blood cell casts (HR 16.455 [95% CI 3.607–75.075]; P < 0.001) remained.ConclusionPatients diagnosed as having AAV with pulmonary hemorrhage, positive PR3‐ANCA, heart involvement, and the presence of red blood cell casts are at an increased risk to develop VTE. Further studies are needed to confirm and expand these findings and to explore the mechanisms of hypercoagulability in these patients with the aim of informing potential targets for therapeutic intervention.