bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Flower-like β-MnO2/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Catalytic Ozonation of Dichloroacetic Acid
Authors: Li Gang , Li Kezheng , Liu Aijuan , Yang Ping , Du Yukou , Zhu Mingshan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConsidering the potential use of manganese oxide based nanocomposite in catalytic ozonation of water contaminant, we report unique three-dimensional (3D) nanoarchitectures composed of β-MnO2 and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) for catalytic ozonation of dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) from drinking water. The catalytic results show that the 3D β-MnO2/RGO nanocomposites (FMOG) can be used as efficient and stable ozonation catalysts to eliminate DCAA from water. The probable mechanism of catalytic ozonation was also proposed by detecting intermediates using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This result likely paves a facile avenue and initiates new opportunities for the exploration of heterogeneous catalysts for the removal of disinfection by-products from drinking water.
Predicted microlensing events from analysis of Gaia Data Release 2
Authors: Bramich D. M. 
Published: July 2018

Context. Astrometric microlensing can be used to make precise measurements of the masses of lens stars that are independent of their assumed internal physics. Such direct mass measurements, obtained purely by observing the gravitational effects of the stars on external objects, are crucial for validating theoretical stellar models. Specifically, astrometric microlensing provides a channel to direct mass measurements of single stars for which so few measurements exist. Microlensing events that also exhibit a detectable photometric signature provide even stronger lens mass constraints.
Aims. I use the astrometric solutions and photometric measurements of ~1.7 billion stars provided by Gaia Data Release 2 (GDR2) to predict microlensing events during the nominal Gaia mission and beyond. This will enable astronomers to observe the entirety of each event, including the peak, with appropriate observing resources. The data collected will allow precise lens mass measurements for white dwarfs and low-mass main sequence stars (K and M dwarfs) helping to constrain stellar evolutionary models.
Methods. I search for source-lens pairs in GDR2 that could potentially lead to microlensing events between 25th July 2014 and 25th July 2026. I estimate the lens masses using GDR2 photometry and parallaxes, and appropriate model stellar isochrones. Combined with the source and lens parallax measurements from GDR2, this allows the Einstein ring radius to be computed for each source-lens pair. By considering the source and lens paths on the sky, I calculate the microlensing signals that are to be expected.
Results. I present a list of 76 predicted microlensing events. Nine and five astrometric events will be caused by the white dwarf stars LAWD 37 and Stein 2051 B, respectively. A further nine events will exhibit detectable photometric and astrometric signatures. Of the remaining events, ten will exhibit astrometric signals with peak amplitudes above 0.5 mas, while the rest are low-amplitude astrometric events with peak amplitudes between 0.131 and 0.5 mas. Five and two events will reach their peaks during 2018 and 2019, respectively. Five of the photometric events have the potential to evolve into high-magnification events, which may also probe for planetary companions to the lenses.
Update Schwangerschaftsrhinitis
Authors: Friebe-Hoffmann U. , Lindemann J. 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungAls sog. Schwangerschaftsrhinitis (SSR) wird eine mehrwöchige, schwangerschaftsbegleitende nasale Obstruktion bezeichnet, die sich durch eine Schwellung der
Mukosa sowie vermehrte Sekretion ohne Hinweis auf eine Entzündung, Infektion, Allergie oder Raumforderung auszeichnet und deren Symptome nach der Geburt rasch
wieder verschwinden. Die SSR zählt zu den endokrinen nasalen Hyperreaktivitäten. Etwa ein Viertel aller Schwangeren ist von diesem Krankheitsbild betroffen, das
zu jedem Zeitpunkt der Schwangerschaft auftreten kann. Pathophysiologisch werden vor allem hormonelle Einflüsse diskutiert, Rauchen sowie eine vorbestehende
Hausstaubmilbenallergie gelten als Risikofaktoren. Nachfolgend stellen wir ein stufentherapeutisches Konzept für die Behandlung der SSR vor und diskutieren die
aktuelle Literatur.
Trans-kulturelle Ost-West Fallbesprechungsgruppe – ein Praxisbericht (Hashizume – Schüffel Group)
Authors: Deter Hans-Christian 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wird berichtet, dass Fallbesprechungsgruppen auf deutschen und japanischen Psychosomatik-Kongressen mit Mitgliedern aus verschiedenen Kulturkreisen entwickelt wurden. Hierbei wird ein medizinischer Fall von einem Teilnehmer, meist in Englischer Sprache präsentiert. Nach klärenden Rückfragen diskutieren die Teilnehmer aus einem Land/einer Kultur getrennt den Fall in der eigenen Sprache. Die jetzigen interessanten Erfahrungen aus den Gruppen der Chinesen, Japaner und Europäer von Ärzten und Psychologen wurden bei diesem Treffen zum Schluss zusammengetragen und noch einmal mit allen Teilnehmern in Englischer Sprache diskutiert. Diese Art von Fallbesprechungsgruppen führte zu neuen Einsichten und Erlebnissen der Teilnehmer. Die Bedeutung kultureller Bedingungen um eine Krankheit, die Arzt- Patienten Beziehung und die Art der Behandlung zu verstehen, können vertraut, aber manchmal auch ziemlich überraschend sein.
Factor VII Mie: Homozygous Asymptomatic Type I Deficiency Caused by an Amino Acid Substitution of His (CAC) for Arg(247) (CGC) in the Catalytic Domain
Authors: Ohiwa Michiaki , Hayashi Tatsuya , Wada Hideo , Minamikawa Kouzou , Shirakawa Shigeru , Suzuki Koji 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe found hereditary factor VII deficiency in a clinically asymptomatic family, and characterized their factor VII gene and the abnormal molecule using recombinant DNA techniques. The propositus was a 45-year-old woman who was noted to have a prolonged prothrombin time. The level of factor VII antigen of the patient was 25.9% of that of normal individuals and the level of factor VII activity was 28% and 24%, when tested using rabbit brain tissue factor and human placental tissue factor in a one-stage clotting assay, respectively. Two of her sisters had almost the same reduced levels of factor VII antigen and activity, and her parents who are first cousins, a son, a daughter and a niece had moderately reduced leves of both factor VII activity and antigen. To identify the mutation site, all the coding exons and exon-intron boundaries of the factor VII gene of the propositus were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), then subcloned and sequenced. One mis- sense mutation (G to A) was identified in exon VIII of the gene resulting in an amino acid substitution of His(CAC) for Arg(247)(CGC) in the gene product. PCR using a mutagenic primer to introduce a new kpaL I site into the mutant allele of the patient’s factor VII gene revealed that this allele was inherited in the affected individuals in the pedigree. Transient expression assays using BHK cells transfected with an expression vector containing the mutant factor VII cDNA suggested that this mutation leads to factor VII deficiency by impairing secretion of the mutated factor VII. This is the first report of a single point mutation which induces factor VII deficiency with both activity and antigen reduced in parallel.
Metabolism of the Coagulation Factors of the Prothrombin Complex in Hypothyroidism in Man
Authors: van Oosterom Allan T , Kerkhoven Peter , Veltkamp Jan J 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe metabolic rate of prothrombin, factors VII, IX and X, was studied in nine hypothyroid patients. Disappearance rates of the four vitamin-K-dependent factors, called the prothrombin complex, were measured after assumedly complete blocking of their synthesis with adequate doses of a coumarin congener (acenocoumarol). Reappearance rates were assessed by induction of synthesis with high doses of vitamin K1 (phytomenadion) when stable hypocoagulability had been achieved. Normal values for these rates were derived from earlier studies in our laboratory. In hypothyroid patients the rates of both disappearance and reappearance were significantly slower for all factors tested. Practical consequences of these observations are discussed.The initial level of factor-IX activity in all nine patients was substantially lower than in normal individuals. Therapy by thyroxine-substitution led to normal levels of factor-IX. This implies a divergency in the retardation of the breakdown and production rates in hypothyroidism. The reappearance rate was indeed found to be more retarded than the disappearance rate.
Factor VIII Inhibitor and Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: Al-Ismail S A D , Parry D H , Moisey C U , Bloom A L 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAn inhibitor to procoagulant factor VIII (FVIIIC) developed in a patient three years after palliative resection of a bronchogenic carcinoma. The inhibitor was not active against ristocetin cofactor but possibly had some activity against factor XI. It responded to immunosuppressive therapy. This is apparently the first reported association of carcinoma and factor VIII inhibitor.
Thrombin-Like and Factor X-Activator Components of Bothrops Snake Venoms
Authors: Nahas Linda , Kamiguti Aura S , Barros M Alice R 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA comparative study on the coagulant activity of snake venoms was carried out in 26 Bothrops species, using specific clotting systems for the thrombin-like and the factor X- activator activities. With only two exceptions (B. erythromelas and B. castelnaudi) all venoms showed thrombin-like activity, since they were able to clot fibrinogen directly. The absence of thrombin-like action of B. erythromelas venom is due to a fibrinogenolytic effect. Five venoms (B. atrox asper, B. bilineatus bilineatus, B. cotiara, B. fonsecai and B. itapetiningae) were unable to produce a prothrombin activator when preincubated with serum, factor V, and phospholipid. None of the venoms seems to require factors VII, VIII, IX, XII and XIII for their complete coagulant action. Direct prothrombin activation was observed in most of the Bothrops venoms, alone or combined with thrombin-like and factor X-activator activities.An anticoagulant activity was exhibited by B. castelnaudi venom, probably due to an. anti- Xa action. This study points out that the coagulant activity of snake venoms varies within the same genus and must be characterized for each species. Thus, in Bothrops venoms the thrombin-like and factor X-activator components are not always associated, the coagulant effect may be related only to one of the components.
The Effect of Prophylaxis with Low Dose Heparin on Blood Coagulation Parameters
Authors: Hedlund Per Olov , Blombäck Margareta 
Published: July 2018

SummaryHeparin was administered subcutaneously 5.000 IU twice daily using a double blind method to ten of twenty-one patients undergoing transvesical prostatectomy.Platelet count, APTT, thrombin time, Reptilase time, Normotest, fibrinogen, Factor- VIII, ethanol gelation test, antithrombin III, fibrinolytic degradation products, α1-antitrypsin and α2-macroglobulin were studied pre- and postoperatively up to the 10th postoperative day. Statistical analysis of parameters of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis showed no significant difference between the two groups. The mechanism by which low dose heparin exerts its thromboprophylactic effect could not be elucidated from the study of the investigated parameters. The laboratory data gave no indication to a possible increased risk of postoperative hemorrhage.
Interactions between Human Plasma Proteins and Heparin-Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Copolymer
Authors: Boffa M C , Labarre D , Jozefowicz M , Boffa G A 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA solid Heparin-PMMA copolymer has been synthetized by a radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate from oxidative reaction initiated by Ce4+ ions in the presence of heparin. Covalently linked heparin was 10% of copolymer weight. The antithrombin activity of the copolymer corresponded to 1% of grafted heparin. PMMA sequence of the copolymer played the leading role in fibrinogen, immunoglobulins, transferrin and albumin adsorption. These proteins adsorbed on the copolymer, showed different competitive desorption pattern in the presence of whole plasma: fibrinogen presented the highest degree of affinity for the copolymer. The heparin part of the copolymer was responsible for antithrombin III adsorption and for decrease of factor V activity. Active antithrombin III was eluted. An inactivation of factor V in plasma was observed using high concentrations of soluble heparin. This result suggested that copolymer heparin chains, even devoid of antithrombin activity, were involved in this inactivation. With Heparin-PMMA copolymer, plasma clotting pro-enzymes behaved differently than on heparin-sepharose copolymer: disappearance of factor XI activity, decrease in prekallikrein activity and activation of factor IX were observed. PMMA sequences were responsible for factor IX activation.
Complement-Dependent and Complement-Independent Interactions of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides and Mucopeptides with Rabbit and Human Platelets
Authors: Semeraro N , Colucci M , Vermylen J 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe effect of 10 commercial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and of 5 highly purified LPS with variable but defined polysaccharide content, two LPS from anaerobic bacteria, two mucopeptides and two meningococcal polysaccharides, was studied on rabbit and human platelets. All the LPS preparations induced aggregation in rabbit heparinized platelet-rich plasma (PRP) but to differing degrees. However, a preparation consisting essentially of lipid A (from Salmonella minnesota Re 595) was one of the most active. The mucopeptides were very potent whereas the meningococcal polysaccharides had no effect. The activity was abolished by inactivation of complement. The lack of ability of LPS and mucopeptides to aggregate rabbit platelets in ethyleneglycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) – PRP suggests that the mechanism depends on activation of the classical pathway of complement. None of the bacterial products induced aggregation of human platelets.When washed rabbit platelets are mixed with complement-depleted rabbit serum and calcium chloride, generation of thrombin occurs. Washed platelets contribute to thrombin generation by providing factor V, a factor X activating activity, and possibly phospholipid (Brit. J. Haemat. 36: 107, 1977). All the LPS preparations but not the mucopeptides or meningococcal polysaccharides enhanced the rate of thrombin formation by enhancing the factor X activating activity of rabbit or human platelets.It is concluded that LPS affect rabbit platelets both by complement-dependent and complement-independent mechanisms, but human platelets only by the complement- independent pathway. Mucopeptides react with platelets only by the complement-dependent way and have no effect on human platelets.
Aggregation of Gel-Filtered Guinea-Pig Platelets by Lipoproteins
Authors: Fujitani Buichi , Tsuboi Toshimichi , Yoshida Kouichi , Shimizu Masanao 
Published: July 2018

SummaryVery low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were isolated from serum of hypercholesterolemic guinea-pigs, and the effect of these lipoproteins on guinea-pig platelets was studied. VLDL (>100 μg/ml) and LDL (>100 μg/ml) were found to cause aggregation of gel-filtered platelets (GFP), although the extent of GFP aggregation by LDL was smaller than that by VLDL. In platelet-rich plasma, however, lipoproteins could not induce platelet aggregation. VLDL and LDL even at the low concentrations at which lipoproteins alone could not induce aggregation potentiated ADP-induced aggregation of GFP. VLDL-induced aggregation of GFP was inhibited by apyrase (0.2–1.0 mg/ml) in a concentration-related manner. Prostaglandin E1, dipyridamole, potassium cyanide and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid inhibited VLDL- and ADP-induced aggregation of GFP in the almost same degree. Inhibitions of VLDL-induced GFP aggregation by acetylsalicylic acid and albumin were slightly stronger than that of ADP-induced aggregation. These findings suggest that lipoproteins modulate platelets so that endogenous ADP can be released from platelets.
The Action Mechanism of the Purified Platelet Aggregation Principle of Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus Venom
Authors: Ouyang Chaoho , Teng Che-Ming 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe minimal concentration of the platelet aggregation principle (Platelet Aggregoserpen- tin, PAS) necessary to induce platelet aggregation was 10 ng/ml, about one-hundredth of that of the crude venom. PAS induced the release of platelet factors 3 and 4 from platelets, but the released platelet factor 3 was easily inactivated by the anti-phospholipid effect of PAS. Pretreatment of platelets with neuraminidase potentiated PAS-induced platelet aggregation. PAS-induced platelet aggregation was independent on released ADP; it could occur in the ADP-removing systems, such as apyrase or a combination of phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate kinase. However, PAS-induced platelet aggregation could be inhibited by adenine nucleotides and adenosine.PAS-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited by some anti-inflammatory agents, antimalarial drugs, local anesthetics, antihistamine and smooth muscle relaxants. After deaggregation of PAS-treated platelets, thrombin and sodium arachidonate could further induce platelet aggregation, but ADP and second dose of PAS could not. It is concluded that PAS-induced platelet aggregation is due to prostaglandin synthesis. Recent literatures on the mechanism of platelet aggregation were surveyed and the actions of PAS were discussed.
Plasma Thrombin Assay using a Chromogenic Substrate in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation due to Snake Bite Envenomation
Authors: Herrmann R P , Bailey P E 
Published: July 2018

SummaryUsing the chromogenic substrate, Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg-pNA-HCL (Chromozym TH, Boehringer Mannheim) plasma thrombin was estimated in six cases of envenomation by Australian elapid snakes. All patients manifested findings chracteristic of defibrination due to envenomation by these snakes. Fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products were grossly elevated, as was plasma thrombin in all cases.Following treatment with antivenene, all abnormal coagulation parameters returned rapidly towards normal by 24 hours and plasma thrombin disappeared.
Detection and Partial Purification of a Natural Heparin Inhibitor from Hog Small Intestine
Authors: Gertler Menard M , Chien Mingjien , Yue Robert H 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA natural occurring heparin inhibitor was detected and was partially purified from the mucosa of hog small intestine. The mucosa was homogenized and was extracted overnight in 0.15 M NaCl, 0.01 M imidazole, 0.001 M EDTA, pH 6.5. When the extract was made to 85% saturation in ammonium sulfate, a large quantity of heparin neutralizing activity was detected in the precipitate. Each small intestine contains approximately 35,000 units of heparin neutralizing activity. This heparin inhibitor was further purified by the procedures of zinc sulfate precipitation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, ethanol precipitation and heparin-sepharose chromatography. A 37 fold partial purification with 15% overall recovery was achieved to yield heparin inhibitor with specific activity of 50-65 units per mg of protein.
Interfering Factors in the Assay of Plasminogen Activators by the Fibrin Plate Method
Authors: Wijngaards G 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe assay of plasminogen activator activities on fibrin plates was re-evaluated with special reference to fibrinolysis inhibitors present in samples and in fibrin plates. The nature, action and stability of inhibiting material were studied in tissues with considerable differences in activator and inhibitor contents! human lung, liver and placenta. Extracts were tested for inhibitory capacity against purified human uterine tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase and plasmin on fibrin plates prepared from different grades of fibrinogens and fibrin.The tissue extracts inhibited fibrinolysis on fibrin plates to varying degrees, dependent on the sample medium, the type of fibrin plate and the kind of plasminogen activator. The influence of inhibitors in the sample and in the fibrin plate was partly abolished by the presence of 2 M KSCN in the sample. The procedure for preparing the samples as described by Astrup and Albrechtsen did not completely eliminate the inhibitory action against the added plasminogen activators.Comparison of urokinase inhibition with tissue activator inhibition by the tissue extracts as to the degree of denaturation in the Astrup and Albrechtsen procedure showed that they have much in common. Nevertheless, some differences were found which indicated the possible existence of separate urokinase and tissue activator inhibitors or of different inhibition mechanisms for these plasminogen activators.
Somatostatin-Induced Changes in the Hemostasis of Rats
Authors: Long Michael W , Micossi Piero , Pontiroli Antonio E , Dunbar Joseph C , Foà Piero P , Henry Raymond L 
Published: July 2018

SummarySomatostatin (SRIF) given intravenously, either as a single bolus or as a 2 hr infusion caused a significant prolongation of partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and depressed platelet counts and platelet aggregation in the rat. Following daily injections of protamine- zinc SRIF for 2 weeks the platelet count returned to normal, PTT remained prolonged and platelet aggregation was enhanced. The doses of SRIF used in this work were adequate to suppress the secretion of insulin and glucagon by the isolated pancreatic islets of treated animals.
The Shape of the Fibrinogen Molecule: Sausage or Banana?
Authors: Lederer K 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe experimental results and the interpretation of small angle X-ray scattering measurements by the author and Hammel (1975) and of small angle neutron scattering measurements by Marguerie and Stuhrmann (1976) on dilute solutions of bovine fibrinogen are compared. The potential of both methods to discern straight and bent cylindrical structures is demonstrated. The study arrives at the conclusion that the question whether the fibrinogen molecule resembles more a banana or a straight sausage cannot be safely decided by the available data. This justifies the previous suggestion of the author to imagine the fibrinogen molecule as a swollen sausage 450 Å long and 90 Å thick with conceivable flexibility, a molecular model of sufficient universality to include the banana-shaped model of Marguerie and Stuhrmann (1976) as a special case.
Immunohistochemical and Histochemical Investigations on In Vivo Thrombolysis with Urokinase in Rabbits
Authors: Hisano Shuusuke , Sueishi Katsuo , Ishii Yutaka , Tanaka Kenzo 
Published: July 2018

SummaryUsing human urokinase in vivo thrombolysis was studied in autologous artificial thrombi in the pulmonary circulation of rabbits by immunofluorescence and Todd’s fibrinolysis autography techniques.As compared to the control thrombi of the untreated rabbits, a small increase of thrombolysis was found in the rabbits treated with urokinase.Urokinase fluorescence was observed in the leukocytes, but not along the fibrin fibrils in the thrombi of the rabbits treated with urokinase. By Todd’s fibrinolysis autography, lytic areas were observed around aggregated leukocytes in the thrombi of the rabbits treated with urokinase.The small lysis of autologous artificial thrombi of rabbits by human urokinase may be caused by (1) low affinity of human urokinase for rabbit plasminogen, (2) weak adsorption of human urokinase to rabbit fibrin, (3) phagocytosis of human urokinase by leukocytes and (4) high level of antifibrinolytic activity of rabbit plasma.