bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of electrostatic correlations on the ionic current rectification in conical nanopores
Authors: Alidoosti Elaheh , Zhao Hui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIon‐ion electrostatic correlations are recognized to play a significant role in the presence of concentrated multivalent electrolytes. To account for their impact on ionic current rectification phenomenon in conical nanopores, we use the modified continuum Poisson‐Nernst‐Planck (PNP) equations by Bazant et al. Coupled with the Stokes equations, the effects of the EOF are also included. We thoroughly investigate the dependence of the ionic current rectification ratios as a function of the double layer thickness and the electrostatic correlation length. By considering the electrostatic correlations, the modified PNP model successfully captures the ionic current rectification reversal in nanopores filled with lanthanum chloride LaCl3. This finding qualitatively agrees with the experimental observations that cannot be explained by the standard PNP model, suggesting that ion‐ion electrostatic correlations are responsible for this reversal behavior. The modified PNP model not only can be used to explain the experiments, but also go beyond to provide a design tool for nanopore applications involving multivalent electrolytes.
Commentary regarding “Decision support algorithm for the selection of analytical methods in organic compounds detection for future extraterrestrial exploratory missions”
Authors: Járvás Gábor , Guttman András 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMátyás et al. recently published their paper entitled as “Decision support algorithm for the selection of analytical methods in organic compounds detection for future extraterrestrial exploratory missions,” which we found interesting. However, there are some points of the developed method that need to be refined to get a practical tool for practitioners. In this commentary, we have summarized our suggestions and comments mainly from the chemical/separation point of view.
Basement evolution of the Sulu orogenic belt: Constraints on zircon U–Pb ages and trace elements from the Weihai gneisses
Authors: Lei Hengcong , Xu Haijin , Xiang Hua 
Published: June 2019

Early Paleoproterozoic rocks occur sporadically in the Sulu ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) belt. The tectonic affinity and evolution of these rocks are still disputed. Two magmatic events (Early Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic) and two metamorphic events (Late Paleoproterozoic and Triassic) were revealed by the zircon U–Pb ages and trace elements from the Weihai gneisses, which provide a key clue to understand the evolution of the Sulu orogen. The Early Paleoproterozoic zircons occur as residual zircons or zircon‐inherited cores in the two gneisses. They generally show oscillation zoning and enriched HREE patterns. The weighted mean age of the upper intercept age of these zircons is ~2.46 Ga, suggesting that the protolith of the ancient gneisses formed at ~2.46 Ga. The Late Paleoproterozoic zircons occur as metamorphic zircon core or mantle domains in the two gneisses and a quartzite. They generally show planar zoning or no zoning, with relative lower Th/U ratios. These zircons yield metamorphic ages of 1.8–1.84 Ga, which are consistent with the age of the Paleoproterozoic ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism of the northern Sulu orogenic belt. The Neoproterozoic zircons occur as magmatic cores or mantles in the zircon grains of the two gneisses and their wall rocks. They show typical oscillatory zoning and enriched HREE patterns, yielding magmatic ages of ca. 740–787 Ma. The Neoproterozoic igneous rocks are the dominant basement rocks in the Sulu orogenic belt. Triassic UHP metamorphism has been well studied in the Sulu orogenic belt. Two Triassic age groups were also recognized here: 228–229 and 208 Ma, respectively. The Triassic zircons occur as metamorphic rims of the two ancient gneisses and their wall rocks. These two age ranges correspond to the time of subduction and exhumation of the the South China Craton (SCC) during the Triassic orogeny. This study provides solid evidence that the Weihai ancient gneisses have a strong affinity with the Yangtze Block. The protoliths of them are Paleoproterozoic (ca. 2.46 Ga) magmatic rocks. They were subsequently suffered from ca. 1.8‐ to 1.84‐Ga metamorphism, new crustal materials overgrowth during ca. 740‐ to 787‐Ma magmatism, and then experienced Triassic continental deep subduction and exhumation process to build the Sulu orogenic belt.
Multimodal imaging reveals a complex pattern of dysfunction in corticolimbic pathways in major depressive disorder
Authors: Nugent Allison C. , Farmer Cristan , Evans Jennifer W. , Snider Sam L. , Banerjee Dipavo , Zarate Carlos A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent and associated with considerable morbidity, yet its pathophysiology remains only partially understood. While numerous studies have investigated the neurobiological correlates of MDD, most have used only a single neuroimaging modality. In particular, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have failed to yield uniform results. In this context, examining key tracts and using information from multiple neuroimaging modalities may better characterize potential abnormalities in the MDD brain. This study analyzed data from 30 participants with MDD and 26 healthy participants who underwent DTI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Tracts connecting the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) and the left and right amygdala, as well as connections to the left and right hippocampus and thalamus, were examined as target areas. Reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) was observed in the studied tracts. Significant differences in the correlation between medial prefrontal glutamate concentrations and FA were also observed between MDD and healthy participants along tracts connecting the sgACC and right amygdala; healthy participants exhibited a strong correlation but MDD participants showed no such relationship. In the same tract, a correlation was observed between FA and subsequent antidepressant response to ketamine infusion in MDD participants. Exploratory models also suggested group differences in the relationship between DTI, fMRI, and MEG measures. This study is the first to combine MRS, DTI, fMRI, and MEG data to obtain multimodal indices of MDD and antidepressant response and may lay the foundation for similar future analyses.
Active head motion reduction in magnetic resonance imaging using tactile feedback
Authors: Krause Florian , Benjamins Caroline , Eck Judith , Lührs Michael , van Hoof Rick , Goebel Rainer 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHead motion is a common problem in clinical as well as empirical (functional) magnetic resonance imaging applications, as it can lead to severe artefacts that reduce image quality. The scanned individuals themselves, however, are often not aware of their head motion. The current study explored whether providing subjects with this information using tactile feedback would reduce their head motion and consequently improve image quality. In a single session that included six runs, 24 participants performed three different cognitive tasks: (a) passive viewing, (b) mental imagery, and (c) speeded responses. These tasks occurred in two different conditions: (a) with a strip of medical tape applied from one side of the magnetic resonance head coil, via the participant's forehead, to the other side, and (b) without the medical tape being applied. Results revealed that application of medical tape to the forehead of subjects to provide tactile feedback significantly reduced both translational as well as rotational head motion. While this effect did not differ between the three cognitive tasks, there was a negative quadratic relationship between head motion with and without feedback. That is, the more head motion a subject produced without feedback, the stronger the motion reduction given the feedback. In conclusion, the here tested method provides a simple and cost‐efficient way to reduce subjects' head motion, and might be especially beneficial when extensive head motion is expected a priori.
Mechanical loading stimulates hypertrophy in tissue‐engineered skeletal muscle: Molecular and phenotypic responses
Authors: Aguilar‐Agon Kathryn W. , Capel Andrew J. , Martin Neil R.W. , Player Darren J. , Lewis Mark P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMechanical loading of skeletal muscle results in molecular and phenotypic adaptations typified by enhanced muscle size. Studies on humans are limited by the need for repeated sampling, and studies on animals have methodological and ethical limitations. In this investigation, three‐dimensional skeletal muscle was tissue‐engineered utilizing the murine cell line C2C12, which bears resemblance to native tissue and benefits from the advantages of conventional in vitro experiments. The work aimed to determine if mechanical loading induced an anabolic hypertrophic response, akin to that described in vivo after mechanical loading in the form of resistance exercise. Specifically, we temporally investigated candidate gene expression and Akt‐mechanistic target of rapamycin 1 signalling along with myotube growth and tissue function. Mechanical loading (construct length increase of 15%) significantly increased insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and MMP‐2 messenger RNA expression 21 hr after overload, and the levels of the atrophic gene MAFbx were significantly downregulated 45 hr after mechanical overload. In addition, p70S6 kinase and 4EBP‐1 phosphorylation were upregulated immediately after mechanical overload. Maximal contractile force was augmented 45 hr after load with a 265% increase in force, alongside significant hypertrophy of the myotubes within the engineered muscle. Overall, mechanical loading of tissue‐engineered skeletal muscle induced hypertrophy and improved force production.
Exosomes from human‐bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury via transferring miR‐199a‐3p
Authors: Zhu Gongmin , Pei Lijiao , Lin Fan , Yin Hubin , Li Xinyuan , He Weiyang , Liu Nian , Gou Xin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRenal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the main reason for acute kidney injury (AKI) and is closely related to high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we found that exosomes from human‐bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC‐Exos) play a protective role in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. hBMSC‐Exos were enriched in miR‐199a‐3p, and hBMSC‐Exo treatment increased the expression level of miR‐199a‐3p in renal cells. We further explored the function of miR‐199a‐3p on H/R injury. miR‐199a‐3p was knocked down in hBMSCs with a miR‐199a‐3p inhibitor. HK‐2 cells cocultured with miR‐199a‐3p‐knockdown hBMSCs were more susceptible to H/R injury and showed more apoptosis than those cocultured with hBMSCs or miR‐199a‐3p‐overexpressing hBMSCs. Meanwhile, we found that HK‐2 cells exposed to H/R treatment incubated with hBMSC‐Exos decreased semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) and activated the protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. However, HK‐2 cells cocultured with miR‐199a‐3p‐knockdown hBMSCs restored Sema3A expression and blocked the activation of the AKT and ERK pathways. Moreover, knocking down Sema3A could reactivate the AKT and ERK pathways suppressed by a miR‐199a‐3p inhibitor. In vivo, we injected hBMSC‐Exos into mice suffering from I/R injury; this treatment induced functional recovery and histologic protection and reduced cleaved caspase‐3 and Sema3A expression levels, as shown by immunohistochemistry. On the whole, this study demonstrated an antiapoptotic effect of hBMSC‐Exos, which protected against I/R injury, via delivering miR‐199a‐3p to renal cells, downregulating Sema3A expression and thereby activating the AKT and ERK pathways. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of AKI treated with hBMSC‐Exos and provide a therapeutic method for kidney diseases.
Screening of ion exchange resin catalysts for epoxidation of oleic acid under the influence of conventional and microwave heating
Authors: Aguilera Adriana Freites , Tolvanen Pasi , Oger Adrien , Eränen Kari , Leveneur Sébastien , Mikkola Jyri‐Pekka , Salmi Tapio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDFor many chemical systems, it is of great importance to find a durable, active and efficient catalyst that improves the process performance. Epoxidation of oleic acid with peracetic acid (Prilezhaev oxidation) was carried out in an isothermal loop reactor in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts. The kinetic experiments conducted under microwave heating (MW) were compared with identical experiments carried out under conventional (conductive/convective) heating. Extensive screening of heterogeneous catalysts was conducted and the influence of microwave irradiation on the reaction kinetics was studied. Several ion exchange resins were screened to explore their applicability and activity in the epoxidation of oleic acid. The perhydrolysis reaction (peracetic acid formed in situ from acetic acid and H2O2) was promoted with the use of various solid acid catalysts: Amberlite IR‐120, Amberlyst 15, Smopex®, Dowex 50x8‐100, Dowex 50x8‐50, Dowex 50x2‐100 and Nafion™.RESULTSFrom the selected group of catalysts, Dowex 50‐x8100 and Dowex 50x8‐50 produced the highest yield of epoxidized oil. Only minor differences in the reactant conversion and the product yield were found in the experiments carried out under microwave exposure compared to the conventionally heated experiments in the presence of several ion exchange resins.CONCLUSIONSThe catalytic effect was much more prominent than the microwave effect, because the solid acid catalysts enhanced the slow step of the process, the perhydrolysis of acetic acid. The catalytic effect was very dominant and a considerable improvement of the oleic acid conversion and the epoxide yield was observed in the presence of the top‐performing catalysts. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Low detectable postpartum viral load is associated with HIV transmission in Malawi's prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission programme
Authors: Landes Megan , van Lettow Monique , Nkhoma Ernest , Tippett Barr Beth , Truwah Zinenani , Shouten Erik , Jahn Andreas , Auld Andrew , Kalua Thokozani , van Oosterhout Joep J 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn 2011, Malawi implemented “Option B+,” a test‐and‐treat strategy for the prevention of maternal to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT); however limited data on viral load (VL) suppression exist. We describe VL suppression in HIV‐infected women at four to twenty‐six weeks postpartum, factors associated with VL suppression and the impact of VL suppression levels on MTCT.MethodsHIV‐positive mothers at four to twenty‐six weeks postpartum were enrolled in a nested cross‐sectional study within the “National Evaluation of Malawi's PMTCT Programme” cohort study between October 2014 and May 2016. HIV‐exposed infants received HIV‐1 DNA testing and venous samples determined maternal VL, classified as unsuppressed (>1000 copies/mL), low‐detectable (40 to 1000 copies/mL) or undetectable (<40 copies/mL). Socio‐demographic and PMTCT indicators were collected. Suboptimal adherence was defined as self‐reported ≥2 days missed ART in the month prior to visit.ResultsOf the 1274 women, 1191 (93.5%) knew their HIV status and 1154/1191 (96.9%) were on ART. VL was available for 1124/1154 (97.4%) of women on ART: 988/1124 (87.9%) had VL suppression of whom 86 (8.7%) had low‐detectable and 902 (91.3%) undetectable VL. Suboptimal adherence was associated with unsuppressed VL (vs. suppressed VL; aOR 3.1, 95% CI 2.0 to 4.9; p < 0.001). Women with low‐detectable VL were more likely to be adolescent (vs. undetectable VL; aOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.4 to 6.6), on ART <6 months (aOR 4.4, 95% CI 2.3 to 8.6), report suboptimal adherence (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.8; p = 0.02), and less likely to have primary or secondary education (vs. none; aOR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.7 or aOR 0.3, 95% 0.1 to 0.6). MTCT ratios among women on ART who had undetectable VL, low‐detectable VL and unsuppressed VL were 0.9% (8/902; 95% CI 0.3 to 1.5), 7.0% (6/86; 95% CI 1.5 to 12.5) and 14.0% (19/136; 95% CI 8.1 to 20.0). Unsuppressed VL and low‐detectable VL (vs. undetectable VL) increased the risk of MTCT 17‐fold (aOR 17.4, 95% CI 7.4 to 41.1; p = 0.002) and ninefold (aOR 8.5, 95% CI 2.9 to 25.2; p < 0.001).ConclusionsUnsuppressed and low‐detectable VL was strongly predictive of MTCT among women on ART and associated with suboptimal adherence. This urges further consideration of optimal VL monitoring and target levels to reach elimination of paediatric infection.
Tractography reproducibility challenge with empirical data (TraCED): The 2017 ISMRM diffusion study group challenge
Authors: Nath Vishwesh , Schilling Kurt G. , Parvathaneni Prasanna , Huo Yuankai , Blaber Justin A. , Hainline Allison E. , Barakovic Muhamed , Romascano David , Rafael‐Patino Jonathan , Frigo Matteo , Girard Gabriel , Thiran Jean‐Philippe , Daducci Alessandro , Rowe Matt , Rodrigues Paulo , Prčkovska Vesna , Aydogan Dogu B. , Sun Wei , Shi Yonggang , Parker William A. , Ould Ismail Abdol A. , Verma Ragini , Cabeen Ryan P. , Toga Arthur W. , Newton Allen T. , Wasserthal Jakob , Neher Peter , Maier‐Hein Klaus , Savini Giovanni , Palesi Fulvia , Kaden Enrico , Wu Ye , He Jianzhong , Feng Yuanjing , Paquette Michael , Rheault Francois , Sidhu Jasmeen , Lebel Catherine , Leemans Alexander , Descoteaux Maxime , Dyrby Tim B. , Kang Hakmook , Landman Bennett A. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundFiber tracking with diffusion‐weighted MRI has become an essential tool for estimating in vivo brain white matter architecture. Fiber tracking results are sensitive to the choice of processing method and tracking criteria.PurposeTo assess the variability for an algorithm in group studies reproducibility is of critical context. However, reproducibility does not assess the validity of the brain connections. Phantom studies provide concrete quantitative comparisons of methods relative to absolute ground truths, yet do no capture variabilities because of in vivo physiological factors. The ISMRM 2017 TraCED challenge was created to fulfill the gap.Study TypeA systematic review of algorithms and tract reproducibility studies.SubjectsSingle healthy volunteers.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T, two different scanners by the same manufacturer. The multishell acquisition included b‐values of 1000, 2000, and 3000 s/mm2 with 20, 45, and 64 diffusion gradient directions per shell, respectively.AssessmentNine international groups submitted 46 tractography algorithm entries each consisting 16 tracts per scan. The algorithms were assessed using intraclass correlation (ICC) and the Dice similarity measure.Statistical TestsContainment analysis was performed to assess if the submitted algorithms had containment within tracts of larger volume submissions. This also serves the purpose to detect if spurious submissions had been made.ResultsThe top five submissions had high ICC and Dice >0.88. Reproducibility was high within the top five submissions when assessed across sessions or across scanners: 0.87–0.97. Containment analysis shows that the top five submissions are contained within larger volume submissions. From the total of 16 tracts as an outcome relatively the number of tracts with high, moderate, and low reproducibility were 8, 4, and 4.Data ConclusionThe different methods clearly result in fundamentally different tract structures at the more conservative specificity choices. Data and challenge infrastructure remain available for continued analysis and provide a platform for comparison.Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy Stage: 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:234–249.
Changing pattern of genotypic circulation of human bocavirus variants associated with acute gastroenteritis in Pune, Western India: A 5‐year retrospective study
Authors: Lasure Neha , Gopalkrishna Varanasi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHuman bocavirus (HBoV) has been frequently associated with acute gastroenteritis. A 5‐year retrospective study was undertaken to understand the circulation pattern and genotype distribution of HBoV in acute gastroenteritis cases in Pune, Western India. A total of 985 stool samples collected from sporadic acute gastroenteritis cases and asymptomatic controls (2007‐2011) from children (≤5 years) were examined for the presence of HBoV. HBoV1 was detected throughout the study period while HBoV2 during 2007‐2010, HBoV3 in 2007‐2009 and in 2011, and HBoV4 in 2009 and 2011. Interestingly, HBoV2 was observed to be predominant in 2007 while HBoV1 and HBoV2 were detected at an equal frequency in the year 2008. HBoV1 was predominant from 2009 onwards. The present study highlights the changing pattern of genotypic circulation, emergence, and re‐emergence of HBoV variants in acute gastroenteritis cases over a 5‐year study period in Western India. The severity of gastroenteritis is reported to vary with HBoV genotypes. Thus, the present study emphasizes the need for routine HBoV surveillance in acute gastroenteritis cases from other parts of the country. This data will be valuable in the current scenario because implementation of rotavirus vaccination has led to the rising of other enteric viruses associated with the disease.
Screening for enteroviral meningitis in infants and children—Is it useful in clinical practice?
Authors: Turner Paul C. , Brayley Jessica , Downing Hannah C. , Homfray Gareth J. , Doolan Georgia , Paul Siba P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEnteroviral meningitis in infants and children commonly leads to hospital admission. Diagnosing viral meningitis can be difficult clinically. We examined the usefulness of enteroviral polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples on clinical practice by comparing positive enteroviral CSF PCR cases (n = 39/136) to negative controls using both clinical outcomes and laboratory parameters. A positive result correlated with a reduced admission to high dependency unit, reduced the duration of antibiotics and a shorter length of stay (P < .05). Adjusted CSF white cell count > 5/μL correlated with positive PCR (P < .05) but would have missed 32% of cases of enteroviral meningitis. Following these findings, an algorithm for the management of suspected viral meningitis has been introduced.
Hybrid functions for numerical solution of fractional Fredholm‐Volterra functional integro‐differential equations with proportional delays
Authors: Dehestani Haniye , Ordokhani Yadollah , Razzaghi Mohsen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this work, we propose an efficient and accurate computational approach based on the Genocchi hybrid functions (GHFs) for solving a class of fractional Fredholm‐Volterra functional integro‐differential equations (FVFIDEs) with proportional delays. First, the Genocchi hybrid functions are constructed. Then, the operational matrix of the Caputo fractional derivative with some properties of the GHFs is employed to reduce the fractional FVFIDEs with proportional delays to systems of algebraic equations in terms of the unknown coefficients. Ultimately, the upper bound of error and convergence of approximate solution to exact solution are discussed. Moreover, we consider some examples to demonstrate the validity and applicability of our method.