bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of bronchiolitis in Portugal, 2000‐2015: Do guidelines have an impact?
Authors: Fontoura‐Matias José , Moreira‐Sousa Diana , Freitas Alberto , Azevedo Inês 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies report an excessive use of diagnostic tests and procedures in bronchiolitis, not supported by guidelines.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate medical interventions in children hospitalized with bronchiolitis in public Portuguese hospitals, from 2000 to 2015, to evaluate the impact of the national guideline, published in December 2012, and assess variations between regions.MethodsData was collected retrospectively from an administrative database that contains all hospitalizations in mainland public hospitals. Cases were selected using the ICD‐9‐CM codes 466.11 (bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus) and 466.19 (bronchiolitis due to other infectious organisms), in children under 2 years of age. For statistical analysis we used the χ2 test and logistic regression.ResultsIn the 80 491 hospitalizations due to bronchiolitis, we found a high mean use rate of nonrecommended diagnostic and treatment procedures: chest x‐ray (66.5%), blood analysis (56.5%) and respiratory secretions analysis (12.7%); nebulized therapy (83.5%), intravenous (IV) corticosteroids (24.2%), IV antibiotics (26.0%), electrolytes infusion (37.6%), and chest physiotherapy (20.4%). Over time, there was a gradual change in attitudes (Ptrend < .001), with significant variation between regions. Center region registered the lowest mean rates of routinely nonrecommended procedures.ConclusionsIn this first national study, rates of the nonrecommended diagnostic and treatment attitudes in bronchiolitis were higher than desirable, although there was a modest decreasing trend in their use over time. The observed variations were mainly dependent on the region, with no clear impact of the national guideline in attitude changing, highlighting the need for more active measures.
The long‐term outcome of an isolated vascular ring – A single‐center experience
Authors: Depypere Anouk , Proesmans Marijke , Cools Björn , Vermeulen François , Daenen Willem , Meyns Bart , Rega Filip , Boon Mieke 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to document the long‐term outcome of patients with a vascular ring.MethodsA single‐center retrospective review of clinical symptoms was conducted in all patients born between 1980 and 2013, diagnosed with a complete vascular ring and at least 2 years of follow‐up. Data were extracted from patient files and clinical symptoms were assessed by questionnaires sent to the parents. Age and diagnostic tools, type of surgery, postoperative complications, and the prevalence of clinical symptoms (stridor at rest, stridor with exercise, cough, exercise intolerance, dysphagia, and frequent respiratory infections) were reviewed.ResultsFifty‐one patients were included. The diagnosis was made before the age of 2 in 35/51. Surgery was performed in 41/51 patients with a limited number of reversible complications. The median follow‐up was 8 (IQR 5‐12) years. After 2 years, 21/51 patients were asymptomatic: 2/7 asymptomatic patients at diagnosis became symptomatic and symptoms resolved in 16/44 initially symptomatic patients. Consequently, 30/51 patients still had symptoms after 2 years. Of these, 16 had partial improvement, 5 stable symptoms, and 9 aggravation of symptoms. After 10 years, 26/36 patients were free of complaints. The most frequent long‐term symptom was stridor.ConclusionSurgical treatment of a congenital vascular ring is safe and mostly performed in patients with a double aortic arch. Conservative treatment for patients with little symptoms seems to be justifiable. A considerable number of patients have residual long‐term symptoms after surgical relief of the vascular ring.
Major depression and psychiatric comorbidity in Turkish children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Gundogdu Ummugulsum , Fis Nese P. , Eralp Ela E. , Karadag Bulent T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundMany psychological factors contribute to an increased risk of depression in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aims to evaluate coexisting psychiatric disorders, perceived social support, and quality of life (QoL) in Turkish children with CF and compare these factors with those of a control group.MethodsThe study group consisted of 32 children (8‐16 years of age) with CF and a group of 33 age‐ and sex‐matched control children. All subjects completed the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Disorders (SCARED), Social Support Appraisals Scale, and Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire. Psychiatric diagnoses were established using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia—Present and Lifetime Version.ResultsOf the children with CF, 80% of those in the 8 to 11 years age range and 50% of those in the 12 to 17 years age range had at least one psychiatric disorder, that is, 68% of the 33 children with CF had at least one psychiatric disorder. Anxiety disorder (46.8%) and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (21.8%) were also common among children with CF. The rates of depression in the CF group and control group were 21.9% and 6.1%, respectively (P > .05). The CF subjects with coexisting depression exhibited higher levels of disease severity, longer periods of hospitalization, and more frequent anxiety disorder. When compared with the control group, the QoL among the Turkish children with CF was lower (P < .05). The CDI and SCARED are relatively sensitive and specific screening tools for depression and anxiety in children with CF.ConclusionsPsychiatric disorders were more frequently found in children and adolescents with CF. By examining symptoms of anxiety and depression and by using screening tools, CF patients who exhibit symptoms of psychiatric disorders can be better identified and evaluated.
Simultaneous Electrochemical Sensing of p‐Aminophenol and Hydroquinone by Using Grafted Tricholoma Mushroom Polysaccharide/Gold Composite Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media
Authors: Mondal Barun , Bhanja Sunil K. , Tripathy Tridib 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHerein, we report for the first time a novel electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous detection of para‐aminophenol (p‐AP) and hydroquinone (HQ) in aqueous medium using Tricholoma mushroom polysaccharide based graft copolymer‐Au composite nanoparticles (TMPG−Au NPs). The graft copolymer is synthesised by radical polymerization technique in aqueous medium using a mixture of acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA) and Tricholoma mushroom polysaccharide (TMP). Further, TMPG−Au NPs is prepared using the graft copolymer as a reducing as well as stabilizing agent by green technique. The graft copolymer and TMPG−Au NPs are properly characterised. The detection of p‐AP and HQ in aqueous medium is carried out by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and Chronoamperometry (CA) without interfering other common phenolic compounds and environmentally relevant metal ions. In LSV experiment the p‐AP and HQ show clear and distinct oxidation peaks at 0.0814 V and −0.077 V respectively. The proposed sensor successfully detects p‐AP and HQ with very low detection limit 0.41 μM and 0.32 μM respectively and effectively.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial Screening and In Silico Appraisal of Iminocarbazole Derivatives
Authors: Jejurkar Valmik P. , Mali Suraj N. , Kshatriya Rajpratap , Chaudhari Hemchandra K. , Saha Satyajit 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMolecular hybridization, a unique concept for rational drug designing, has been manifested in the design and synthesis of novel iminocarbazole derivatives. All the prepared molecules were tested for their in‐vitro antimicrobial potential against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (Gram‐positive), Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352 (Gram‐negative) and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (Fungi). All compounds showed moderate to potent antimicrobial activity (1.4 μg/mL‐125 μg/mL). The molecular modeling studies were accomplished to understand the possible ligand‐receptor intermolecular interactions together with the in‐silico ADMET predictions for all newly synthesized iminocarbazoles.
High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Battery Anode via Rapid Microwave Carbonization of Natural Cellulose Nanofibers with Graphene Initiator
Authors: Shi Qianqian , Liu Dapeng , Wang Yan , Zhao Yiwei , Yang Xiaowei , Huang Jia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCellulose is a promising natural bio‐macromolecule due to its abundance, renewability and low cost. Here, a new method is developed to prepare pre‐sodiated carbonaceous anodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) from cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) under microwave irradiation for potential ultrafast and large‐scale manufacturing. While direct carbonization of CNFs through microwave treatment is usually impossible due to the weak microwave absorption of CNFs, it is found that a small amount of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) can act as an effective initiator. Microwaving rGO releases extremely high energy, giving rise to local ultrahigh temperature as well as ultrahigh heating rate, which then induces the fast carbonization of CNFs and the production of pre‐sodiated carbonaceous materials within seconds. The sodium in the carbonaceous materials, introduced from the carbonization of CNFs containing sodium‐ion carboxyl, offer favorable spaces for sodiation/desodiation, which improves the electrochemical performance of the sodium‐inserted carbonaceous anode. When the microwaved rGO‐CNF (MrGO‐CNF) is used as an anode for SIBs, a high initial capacity of 558 mAh g−1 is delivered and the capacity of 340 mAh g−1 remains after 200 cycles. The excellent reversible capacity and cycling stability indicate MrGO‐CNF a promising anode for sodium‐ion batteries.
Sustainable Deltas in the Anthropocene
Authors: Nicholls Robert J. , Adger W. Neil , Hutton Craig W. , Hanson Susan E. , Lázár Attila N. , Vincent Katharine , Allan Andrew , Tompkins Emma L. , Arto Iñaki , Rahman Md. Munsur , Hazra Sugata , Codjoe Samuel Nii Ardey 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhat are the possible trajectories of delta development over the coming decades? Trajectories will be determined by the interactions of biophysical trends such as changing sediment supplies, subsidence due to compaction of sediment and climate change, along with key socio-economic trends of migration and urbanisation, agricultural intensification, demographic transition, economic growth and structural change of the economy. Knowledge and understanding of plausible trajectories can inform management choices for deltas in the Anthropocene, including new policy perspectives and innovative adaptation. The emergence of visionary delta management plans in some large deltas, such as the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100, is an important and necessary component. This chapter synthesises the state of knowledge and highlights key elements of science that will inform decisions on future management of deltas.
Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta, Bangladesh and India: A Transnational Mega-Delta
Authors: Rahman Md. Munsur , Ghosh Tuhin , Salehin Mashfiqus , Ghosh Amit , Haque Anisul , Hossain Mohammed Abed , Das Shouvik , Hazra Somnath , Islam Nabiul , Sarker Maminul Haque , Nicholls Robert J. , Hutton Craig W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) Delta and its catchment area are shared between five countries which means that the delta is strongly influenced by neighbouring country’s water and sediment management decisions in addition to climatic, environmental and internal management. Delta administration is also shared between Bangladesh and India, including the unique Sundarbans mangrove forest. An overview of delta-building and socio-ecological processes from Holocene to Anthropocene are outlined providing a background for current issues. These include discussion on emerging opportunities and challenges, growth of settlements/land use, vulnerability mapping and options for adaptation including migration. Preliminary social vulnerability maps for the Joint GBM Delta are presented. These could facilitate the engagement of policymakers of all countries to create opportunities for co-learning to resolve delta level issues.
The Mahanadi Delta: A Rapidly Developing Delta in India
Authors: Hazra Sugata , Das Shouvik , Ghosh Amit , Raju Pokkuluri Venkat , Patel Amrita 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Mahanadi Delta in the Anthropocene is characterised by a reduction in sediment supply and coastal retreat, both related to human interventions. Land loss is accompanied by population growth, extreme pollution, growth of urban centres and aquaculture, at the expense of pristine mangrove forest and agricultural land. Along with increasing incidences of climatic hazards, these changes have led to low levels of socio-economic development and high out-migration from coastal districts. A rise in female-headed households also emerges as a characteristic feature of the Anthropocene. The delta has a record of planned relocation of coastal communities as well as government-aided skill development programme supporting migration. Planned and autonomous adaptation activities have varying degrees of success, but are currently inadequate to meet people’s requirements.
Where People Live and Move in Deltas
Authors: Safra de Campos Ricardo , Codjoe Samuel Nii Ardey , Adger W. Neil , Mortreux Colette , Hazra Sugata , Siddiqui Tasneem , Das Shouvik , Atiglo D. Yaw , Bhuiyan Mohammad Rashed Alam , Rocky Mahmudol Hasan , Abu Mumuni 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDeltas exemplify trends of great acceleration in the Anthropocene, including the shape of demographic and mobility transitions. The human core of the Anthropocene involves three principal phenomena: Increased human health evident at the population scale; movement of people to urban settlements; and growth in aggregate populations. Based on this research, it is argued that continued evolution is central for successful pathways towards a sustainable Anthropocene. Human settlement, movement and migration as a response to accelerating economic and environmental challenges are considered. There is evidence that environmental change is an important driver of where people live and move within deltas. Consequently, governments have much agency in the allocation of resources towards responses to current and future challenges and will therefore have a strong influence on future sustainability.
Adapting to Change: People and Policies
Authors: Tompkins Emma L. , Vincent Katharine , Suckall Natalie , Rahman Rezaur , Ghosh Tuhin , Mensah Adelina , Anderson Kirk , Chapman Alexander , Prati Giorgia , Hutton Craig W. , Day Sophie , Price Victoria 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis chapter examines the societal response to diverse environmental and social dynamics within deltas during the Anthropocene era and the challenges for future adaptation. It illustrates these dynamics through unique data on the diversity and success of the range of adaptive actions undertaken by contemporary populations as well as perceptions of environmental change. There is a lived reality and social distribution of vulnerability across dimensions such as gender, age and class: different groups have different capacities to adapt, incentives to adapt, and are included or excluded from strategies of adaptation. There are options and interventions for adaptation to environmental change that already being undertaken across deltas.
Analyzing Accessibility Barriers Using Cost-Benefit Analysis to Design Reliable Navigation Services for Wheelchair Users
Authors: Tannert Benjamin , Kirkham Reuben , Schöning Johannes 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

This paper explores ‘A to B’ routing tools designed to chart accessible routes for wheelchair users. We develop and present a novel measurement framework based upon cost-benefit analysis in order to evaluate the real-world utility of routing systems for wheelchair users. Using this framework, we compare proposed routes generated by accessibility tools with the pedestrian routes generated by Google Maps by means of conducting expert assessments of the situation on the ground. Relative to tools aimed at pedestrians, we find that these tools are not significantly more likely to produce an accessible route, and more often than not, they present longer routes that arise from imaginary barriers that do not exist in the real world. This analysis indicates how future routing tools for wheelchair users should be designed to ensure that they genuinely ameliorate the effects of accessibility barriers in the built environment.
Prospective associations between trauma, placement disruption, and ethnic‐racial identity among newly emancipated foster youth
Authors: Tyrell Fanita A. , Marcelo Ana K. , Trang Duyen T. , Yates Tuppett M. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionEthnic‐racial identity (ERI) is an important developmental process for ethnic‐racial minority youth. However, little is known about how adverse life experiences may be related to ERI development. Thus, the current study evaluated prospective associations of emancipated foster youth's histories of childhood maltreatment and foster placement disruption with ERI centrality and ERI private regard, as well as the adaptive implications of ERI.MethodParticipants were 144 emancipated foster youth (69.4% female) from ethnic‐racial minority backgrounds (27.8% Black, 32.6% Latinx, 39.6% multiracial) who participated in a longitudinal study of youth's adaptation to aging out of the US child welfare system. Youth reported on their childhood maltreatment severity and child welfare placement history at wave 1 (Mage_w1 = 19.62, SD = 1.11), and on their ERI centrality, ERI private regard, and socioemotional adjustment (i.e., social support, self‐esteem, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction) five years later (Mage_w2 = 24.15).ResultsPath analyses revealed that childhood maltreatment severity and placement disruption were associated with lower ERI private regard, but not ERI centrality. Moreover, private regard was associated with better socioemotional adjustment (i.e., higher levels of self‐esteem and social support), whereas centrality was related to poorer adjustment (i.e., lower levels of self‐esteem and life satisfaction, and higher rates of anxiety and depressive symptoms), and these relations varied by ethnicity‐race.ConclusionsThe current findings suggest that efforts to promote positive feelings toward one's ethnic‐racial group membership can support ethnic‐racial minority foster youth's capacity to negotiate developmental challenges in and beyond the child welfare system.
Epistemic Existentialism
Authors: Callahan Laura Frances 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSubjectivist permissivism is aprima facieattractive view. That is, it's plausible to think that what's rational for people to believe on the basis of their evidence can vary if they have different frameworks or sets of epistemic standards. In this paper, I introduce an epistemic existentialist form of subjectivist permissivism, which I argue can better address “the arbitrariness objection” to subjectivist permissivism in general. According to the epistemic existentialist, it's not just that what's rational to believe on the basis of evidence can vary according to agents’ frameworks, understood as passive aspects of individuals’ psychologies. Rather, what's rational to believe on the basis of evidence is sensitive to agents’ choices and active commitments (as are frameworks themselves). Here I draw on Chang's work on commitment and voluntarist reasons. The epistemic existentialist maintains that what's rational for us to believe on the basis of evidence is, at least in part,up to us. It can vary not only across individuals but for a single individual, over time, as she makes differing epistemic commitments.
Adenovirus pseudo-outbreak associated with bronchoscopy
Authors: Hellinger Walter C. , Parth Heather C. , Smith Brenda T. , Bickley Lisa L. , Bednarik Michael A. , Reger Elma B. , Jane Hata D. , Burke Anne-Carol 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroduction and regular application of multiplex polymerase chain reaction analysis of bronchoalveolar specimens for community-acquired respiratory viruses in January 2017 led to the identification of adenovirus in multiple patients in a surgical intensive unit in July 2017, which was attributed to a pseudo-outbreak.
The Drug Kingpin Decapitation Strategy in Guatemala: Successes and Shortcomings
Authors: Brockett Charles D. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThis study analyzes whether Guatemalan success with the kingpin decapitation strategy of bringing major drug traffickers to justice has accomplished its greater objectives of reducing cocaine trafficking and drug-related violence. The analysis finds little evidence of success for the first objective in Guatemala but notable success for the second. One of the few studies to examine the application of this strategy outside Mexico and Colombia, its findings are interpreted in light of their contrasting experiences. The article provides an overview of drug trafficking in Guatemala and concise studies of two of its most important organizations targeted by the kingpin strategy.
First occurrence of the Cambrian arthropodSidneyiaWalcott, 1911 outside of Laurentia
Authors: Sun Zhixin , Zeng Han , Zhao Fangchen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe arthropodSidneyiaWalcott, 1911 is a remarkable animal of the Burgess Shale biota (Cambrian Miaolingian, Wuliuan; British Columbia, Canada), which has not been confidently reported from other Cambrian Konservat-Lagerstätten. Here we report the discovery ofSidneyiacf.inexpectansfrom the Wuliuan Mantou Formation of North China, which substantially expands the known palaeogeographical distribution of this genus. Our discovery suggests thatSidneyiahad much greater dispersal ability than hitherto thought. It also confirms the presence of exceptionally preserved fossils in the Wuliuan Mantou Formation, one of the rare Burgess Shale-type deposits of North China.
Effects of different extracts of threeAnnonaspecies on egg-hatching processes ofHaemonchus contortus
Authors: Castañeda-Ramírez G.S. , Torres-Acosta J.F.J. , Mendoza-de-Gives P. , Tun-Garrido J. , Rosado-Aguilar J.A. , Chan-Pérez J.I. , Hernández-Bolio G.I. , Ventura-Cordero J. , Acosta-Viana K.Y. , Jímenez-Coello M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study assessed thein vitroanthelmintic (AH) activity of methanol and acetone:water leaf extracts fromAnnona squamosa,A. muricataandA. reticulataagainstHaemonchus contortuseggs. The egg hatch test was used to determine the effective concentrations required to inhibit 50% of eggs hatching (EC50). The role of polyphenols on AH activity was measured through bioassays with and without polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP). Methanolic extracts mainly caused the death of eggs at the morula stage (ovicidal activity). Meanwhile, acetone:water extracts caused egg-hatching failure of developed larvae (larvae failing eclosion (LFE) activity). The lowest EC50values againstH. contortuseggs were observed for the methanolic extracts fromA. reticulataandA. muricata(274.2 and 382.9 µg/ml, respectively). From the six extracts evaluated, the methanolic extracts ofA. muricata,A. reticulataandA. squamosashowed the highest ovicidal activity, resulting in 98.9%, 92.8% and 95.1% egg mortality, respectively. When the methanolic extract ofA. squamosawas incubated with PVPP, its AH activity increased. Similarly, when acetone:water extracts ofA. muriataandA. reticulatawere incubated with PVPP, their LFE activity increased. Alkaloids were only evident in methanolic extracts, irrespective of PVPP incubation. The presence of acetogenins was not observed. In conclusion, methanolic extracts obtained from leaves ofA. muricata,A. reticulataandA. squamosashowed ovicidal activity affecting the morula ofH. contortuseggs, with minor LFE activity. Meanwhile, acetone:water extracts showed mostly LFE activity, with a lower proportion of ovicidal activity.