bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging of Unstained DNA Origami Triangles with Electron Microscopy
Authors: Londono‐Calderon Alejandra , Hossen Md Mir , Palo Pierre E. , Bendickson Lee , Vergara Sandra , Nilsen‐Hamilton Marit , Hillier Andrew C. , Prozorov Tanya 
Published: August 2019

AbstractImaging of scaffolded DNA and DNA origami nanostructures has been dominated by atomic force microscopy of samples immobilized on bulk substrates. Less commonly used are electron microscopy techniques, typically carried out after negative staining of DNA structures or by using cryo‐transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Here, direct imaging of unstained DNA origami on common electron‐transparent substrates with utilizing high angular annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) is reported. This approach establishes a method for depositing and imaging intact DNA triangles with mass‐thickness contrast sufficient to measure the scaffold‐to‐scaffold distances and the length of the triangle's seam. The signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the DNA supported on amorphous carbon as a function of the carbon thickness is measured on three types of commercially available TEM grids. This allows for edge detection of ≈1 nm height DNA triangles on carbon substrates as thick as ≈25 nm. Observations on the effect on SNR with the imaging modes are discussed. The effect of cation concentration used for pretreating the grid on the image resolution is also explored. This work presents proof‐of‐concept results demonstrating that electron microscopy can be used to resolve key elements of the DNA origami triangle without the use of staining protocols.
Understanding and leveraging cell metabolism to enhance mesenchymal stem cell transplantation survival in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications
Authors: Salazar-Noratto Giuliana E. , Luo Guotian , Denoeud Cyprien , Padrona Mathilde , Moya Adrien , Bensidhoum Morad , Bizios Rena , Potier Esther , Logeart-Avramoglou Delphine , Petite Hervé 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, stem cell—specifically, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs)—therapies have fallen short of their initial promise and hype. The observed marginal, to no benefit, success in several applications has been attributed primarily to poor cell survival and engraftment at transplantation sites. MSCs have a metabolism that is flexible enough to enable them to fulfill their various cellular functions and remarkably sensitive to different cellular and environmental cues. At the transplantation sites, MSCs experience hostile environments devoid or, at the very least, severely depleted of oxygen and nutrients. The impact of this particular setting on MSC metabolism ultimately affects their survival and function. In order to develop the next generation of cell-delivery materials and methods, scientists must have a better understanding of the metabolic switches MSCs experience upon transplantation. By designing treatment strategies with cell metabolism in mind, scientists may improve survival and the overall therapeutic potential of MSCs. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of plausible metabolic switches in response to implantation and of the various strategies currently used to leverage MSC metabolism to improve stem cell-based therapeutics.
Corporate governance and returns to emerging economy firm acquisitions in tax havens: An empirical test on Indian firms
Authors: Chari Murali D. R. , Dixit Jaya 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCross‐border acquisitions (CBAs) by emerging economy firms are known to yield positive stockholder returns. A nontrivial fraction of CBAs by emerging economy firms are in tax havens. We argue because of weak corporate governance in emerging economies and the secrecy afforded by tax havens, emerging economy firm CBAs in tax havens yield lower stockholder returns than their CBAs in nontax havens. We also argue the negative effect of tax haven destinations is greater for firms with greater business group ownership and for firms with greater foreign insider ownership. Furthermore, we argue the negative effect of tax haven destinations is mitigated for firms whose stock is actively traded in the market. Empirical tests in a sample of nearly 800 CBAs by Indian firms from 2002 to 2011 support our hypotheses. Our study contributes to a better understanding of stockholder returns to CBAs by emerging economy firms and the influence of corporate governance on these returns.
Diagnosis of fetal non‐chromosomal abnormalities on routine ultrasound examination at 11–13 weeks' gestation
Authors: Syngelaki A. , Hammami A. , Bower S. , Zidere V. , Akolekar R. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the performance of the routine 11–13‐week scan in detecting fetal non‐chromosomal abnormalities.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data from 100 997 singleton pregnancies attending for a routine ultrasound examination of fetal anatomy, performed according to a standardized protocol, at 11–13 weeks' gestation. All continuing pregnancies had an additional scan at 18–24 weeks and 71 754 had a scan at either 30–34 or 35–37 weeks. The final diagnosis of fetal abnormality was based on the results of postnatal examination in cases of live birth and on the findings of the last ultrasound examination in cases of pregnancy termination, miscarriage or stillbirth. The performance of the 11–13‐week scan in the detection of fetal abnormalities was determined.ResultsThe study population contained 1720 (1.7%) pregnancies with a fetal abnormality, including 474 (27.6%) detected on the first‐trimester scan, 926 (53.8%) detected on the second‐trimester scan and 320 (18.6%) detected in the third trimester or postnatally. At 11–13 weeks' gestation, we diagnosed all cases of acrania, alobar holoprosencephaly, encephalocele, tricuspid or pulmonary atresia, pentalogy of Cantrell, ectopia cordis, exomphalos, gastroschisis and body‐stalk anomaly and > 50% of cases of open spina bifida, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, atrioventricular septal defect, complex heart defect, left atrial isomerism (interrupted inferior vena cava with normal intracardiac anatomy), lower urinary tract obstruction, absence of extremities, fetal akinesia deformation sequence and lethal skeletal dysplasia. Common abnormalities that were detected in < 10% of cases at 11–13 weeks included ventriculomegaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, isolated cleft lip, congenital pulmonary airway malformation, ventricular septal defect, abdominal cysts, unilateral renal agenesis or multicystic kidney, hydronephrosis, duplex kidney, hypospadias and talipes.ConclusionsA routine 11–13‐week scan, carried out according to a standardized protocol, can identify many severe non‐chromosomal fetal abnormalities. A summary statistic of the performance of the first‐trimester scan is futile because some abnormalities are always detectable, whereas others are either non‐detectable or sometimes detectable. To maximize prenatal detection of abnormalities, additional scans in both the second and third trimesters are necessary. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Fusion transcripts: Unexploited vulnerabilities in cancer?
Authors: Neckles Carla , Sundara Rajan Soumya , Caplen Natasha J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGene fusions are an important class of mutations in several cancer types and include genomic rearrangements that fuse regulatory or coding elements from two different genes. Analysis of the genetics of cancers harboring fusion oncogenes and the proteins they encode have enhanced cancer diagnosis and in some cases patient treatment. However, the effect of the complex structure of fusion genes on the biogenesis of the resulting chimeric transcripts they express is not well studied. There are two potential RNA‐related vulnerabilities inherent to fusion‐driven cancers: (a) the processing of the fusion precursor messenger RNA (pre‐mRNA) to the mature mRNA and (b) the mature mRNA. In this study, we discuss the effects that the genetic organization of fusion oncogenes has on the generation of translatable mature RNAs and the diversity of fusion transcripts expressed in different cancer subtypes, which can fundamentally influence both tumorigenesis and treatment. We also discuss functional genomic approaches that can be utilized to identify proteins that mediate the processing of fusion pre‐mRNAs. Furthermore, we assert that an enhanced understanding of fusion transcript biogenesis and the diversity of the chimeric RNAs present in fusion‐driven cancers will increase the likelihood of successful application of RNA‐based therapies in this class of tumors.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Connectivity Technologies for IoT
Authors: Cheruvu Sunil , Kumar Anil , Smith Ned , Wheeler David M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) is a set of technologies that are enabling new use cases and delivering services across a wide variety of markets and applications. When people think of IoT, they often think of home or personal IoT. However, IoT will play a role in many commercial applications such as smart manufacturing, smart cities, autonomous cars, building automation, and healthcare. How will an IoT-enabled device communicate what it knows to the Internet? Suitable connectivity solutions range from a multitude of wired connectivity technologies such as Ethernet to wireless technologies like Wi-Fi and even 5G cellular. Many solutions need a combination of multiple communication technologies. For example, a smart car system playing video or using GPS navigation might need 4G LTE in order to communicate with the outside world and Wi-Fi and Bluetooth to communicate with devices like phones and rear seat entertainment (RSE) used by the passengers. In this chapter, we will take a look at a selected set of connectivity technologies that enable these applications.
Interconceptualizing Europe and Peace: Identity Building Under the European Heritage Label
Authors: Mäkinen Katja 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis chapter investigates how peace is used in attempts to build a collective identity for the European Union in the context of the European Heritage Label (EHL), a central instrument in the EU’s cultural heritage policy. The official EHL documents and the websites of the EHL sites are analysed using a conceptual approach that particularly focuses on the interconceptualizations between peace and Europe. The ways peace is discussed can be divided into four thematic categories: treaties, institutions, practices, and symbols related to peace. The chapter concludes that heritage related to peace is mainly discussed in a non-contradictory manner, with little space for dissonance.
Bodies Making Spaces: Understanding the Airport as a Site of Dissonance
Authors: Trakilović Milica 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTrakilović theorizes the airport as a site where cultural/European notions of belonging are negotiated and controlled. Focusing on Schiphol airport in Amsterdam, the chapter approaches both the airport itself as well as its nearby detention center as one complex cultural phenomenon, from which Schiphol emerges as a site of heritage dissonance. Taking a phenomenological approach, the chapter explores what it means to be an embodied subject at the airport, taking the narrative of a Syrian newcomer who is relocated to the detention center as well as the author’s own experience of the airport as its analytical starting points. The selective processes of in- and exclusion at the airport are thereby seen as emblematic of larger exclusionary practices towards the Other in Europe.
The Enrichment of Belgian Secondary School Mathematics with Elements of the Dutch Model of Realistic Mathematics Education Since the 1980s
Authors: De Bock Dirk , Deprez Johan , Janssens Dirk 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn search for alternatives for the failed New Math movement of the 1960s and 1970s, Belgian mathematics educators looked with great interest to the Dutch model of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME), developed by Hans Freudenthal (1905–1990) and his team at the University of Utrecht. In this chapter, we primarily focus on how, from the mid 1980s until the mid 1990s, valuable elements of that model were integrated in Belgian secondary school mathematics. At that time, the influence of Dutch mathematics education on Belgian curricula was quite substantial, but some form of collaboration between the communities of mathematics teachers in both countries already existed since the early 1950s. However, from the 1950s until the 1970s, school mathematics in both countries evolved largely independent of each other. In Belgium, the structural New Math approach, with Georges Papy (1920–2011) as the main figurehead, became dominant in school mathematics, while the modernisation of school mathematics in the Netherlands was strongly inspired by Freudenthal’s RME model emphasising the role of applications and modelling.
Echoes and Influences of Realistic Mathematics Education in Portugal
Authors: da Ponte João Pedro , Brocardo Joana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis chapter traces the connections between Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) and Portuguese developments in mathematics education in terms of research studies and curriculum development. The basis for this work is a literature review of papers and other documents, with special attention to the period 2005–2015, and research studies organised by mathematical topic. Although there is no research group in Portugal that is perfectly aligned with RME principles and curriculum materials, noticeable influences may be seen in the frequent references made in some research groups to key RME ideas, notably the importance of students working from tasks in meaningful contexts, the role of representations and models to support students’ thinking, and the levels of students’ mathematical activity. This is most noticeable in conceptual frameworks for developmental research studies in the area of number and in the use of realistic contexts in task design, and it is also apparent in the official 2007 Portuguese curriculum document.
Reinventing Realistic Mathematics Education at Berkeley—Emergence and Development of a Course for Pre-service Teachers
Authors: Abrahamson Dor , Zolkower Betina , Stone Elisa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA central principle of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) is that learners experience guided opportunities to reconstruct cultural practices and artefacts in the course of attempting to solve engaging problems using emerging resources as structuring tools. The same principle plays out at the meta level, across ages, geography, and functions, where instructors experience opportunities to reinvent RME as they adapt its principles to satisfy specific design constraints and local needs. This chapter recounts a collaborative effort to create at the Graduate School of Education, University of California, Berkeley, graduate and undergraduate courses for pre-service mathematics teachers that incorporates tenets of RME, while accommodating to prescribed and emerging constraints of local contexts, such as stipulation of federal funding, as well as the collective histories and prior schooling experiences of pre-service teachers, most of whom are encountering this didactical approach for the first time.
Two Decades of Realistic Mathematics Education in Indonesia
Authors: Zulkardi Zulkardi , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra , Wijaya Aryadi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this chapter, we report on the process of adapting Realistic Mathematics Education (RME), a didactic approach founded by Freudenthal in the Netherlands, to the Indonesian context. In Indonesia, RME is called ‘Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia’ (PMRI). The chapter starts with describing how RME came to Indonesia. It was Sembiring from the Institut Teknologi Bandung who saw Jan de Lange, the director of the Freudenthal Institute of Utrecht University, presenting a keynote at the ICMI conference in Shanghai in 1994. Then the story continues with the decision of the Indonesian government to send six doctoral candidates to the Netherlands to learn about RME. The chapter also explains the process and results from the development and implementation of RME through a Dutch-Indonesian project Dissemination of PMRI (Do-PMRI). Moreover, the chapter describes examples of implementation strategies such as developing a master’s program on RME, designing learning materials using RME theory and the development of a national contest of mathematical literacy using context-based mathematics tasks similar to those employed in the PISA test. The chapter ends with a discussion of two new initiatives at Sriwijaya University in Palembang, namely the development of a Centre of Excellence of PMRI and the establishment of a doctoral programme on PMRI.
Reflections on Realistic Mathematics Education from a South African Perspective
Authors: Julie Cyril , Gierdien Faaiz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe project Realistic Mathematics Education in South Africa (REMESA) was introduced in South Africa during a period when curriculum changes were introduced to fit the educational ideals of the ‘new’ South Africa. In this project, modules based on Realistic Mathematics Education were developed by a team comprising staff from the Freudenthal Institute and the Mathematics Education sector of the University of the Western Cape. The modules were implemented in classrooms. In our chapter, we reflect upon the appropriation by practicing teachers of two modules. Teachers viewed the module Vision Geometry with scepticism whilst the module Global Graphs was more readily accepted. The appropriation was thus differential. In current school mathematics policy documents and learning materials, the major ideas of the module Vision Geometry are virtually invisible. The ideas from the module Global Graphs are more visible. This can be ascribed to the prominence of graphical representations in South African school mathematics curricula. The two instances point in the direction that the proximity of innovative approaches to the operative curriculum plays an important role with respect to teachers’ adoption of the resources for their practice.
Graphing Linear Equations—A Comparison of the Opportunity-to-Learn in Textbooks Using the Singapore and the Dutch Approaches to Teaching Equations
Authors: Kaur Berinderjeet , Wong Lai Fong , Govindani Simmi Naresh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis chapter examines the opportunity-to-learn afforded by two textbooks, one using the Singapore approach and the other the Dutch approach for graphing linear equations. Both textbooks provide opportunities for students to connect mathematical concepts to meaningful real-life situations, practice questions for self-assessment, and reflect on their learning. However, the approaches presented in the two textbooks are different. The Dutch approach textbook has the same context for all the interconnected activities while in the Singapore approach textbook the activities are self-contained and can be carried out independently of each other. In addition, classroom activities, practice questions and prompts for reflection in the Dutch approach textbook provide students with more scope for reasoning and communication. From the reflections of two lead teachers using the Singapore approach textbook it is apparent that they see merit in the Dutch approach textbook, but feel that to adopt the Dutch approach they would need a paradigm shift and adequate support in terms of resources.
SO(8) supergravity and the magic of machine learning
Authors: Comsa Iulia M. , Firsching Moritz , Fischbacher Thomas 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Using de Wit-Nicolai D = 4

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 8 SO(8) supergravity as an example, we show how modern Machine Learning software libraries such as Google’s TensorFlow can be employed to greatly simplify the analysis of high-dimensional scalar sectors of some M-Theory compactifications. We provide detailed information on the location, symmetries, and particle spectra and charges of 192 critical points on the scalar manifold of SO(8) supergravity, including one newly discovered

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 1 vacuum with SO(3) residual symmetry, one new potentially stabilizable non-supersymmetric solution, and examples for “Galois conjugate pairs” of solutions, i.e. solution-pairs that share the same gauge group embedding into SO(8) and minimal polynomials for the cosmological constant. Where feasible, we give analytic expressions for solution coordinates and cosmological constants.
As the authors’ aspiration is to present the discussion in a form that is accessible to both the Machine Learning and String Theory communities and allows adopting our methods towards the study of other models, we provide an introductory overview over the relevant Physics as well as Machine Learning concepts. This includes short pedagogical code examples. In particular, we show how to formulate a requirement for residual Supersymmetry as a Machine Learning loss function and effectively guide the numerical search towards supersymmetric critical points. Numerical investigations suggest that there are no further supersymmetric vacua beyond this newly discovered fifth solution.
Impact of needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy on the therapeutic management of single pancreatic cystic lesions
Authors: Palazzo Maxime , Sauvanet Alain , Gincul Rodica , Borbath Ivan , Vanbiervliet Goeffroy , Bourdariat Raphaël , Lemaistre Anne-Isabelle , Pujol Bertrand , Caillol Fabrice , Palazzo Laurent , Aubert Alain , Maire Frédérique , Buscail Louis , Giovannini Marc , Marque Sébastien , Napoléon Bertrand 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background and aim
The diagnosis and therapeutic management of large single pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) represent major issues for clinicians and essentially rely on endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) findings. Needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) has high diagnostic performance for PCLs. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of nCLE on the therapeutic management of patients with single PCLs.

Methods
Retrospective and comparative study. Five independent pancreatic disease experts from tertiary hospitals independently reviewed data from a prospective database of 206 patients with single PCL, larger than 2 cm and who underwent EUS-FNA and nCLE. Two evaluations were performed. The first one included the sequential review of clinical information, EUS report and FNA results. The second one included the same data + nCLE report. Participants had to propose a therapeutic management for each case.

Results
The addition of nCLE to EUS-FNA led to significant changes in therapeutic management for 28% of the patients (p < 0.001). nCLE significantly increased the interobserver agreement of 0.28 (p < 0.0001), from 0.36 (CI 95% 0.33–0.49) to 0.64 (CI 95% 0.61–0.67). nCLE improved the rates of full agreement among the five experts of 24% (p < 0.0001), from 30 to 54%. With nCLE, the surveillance rate of benign SCAs fell by 35%, from 40 (28/70) to 5% (4/76).

Conclusion
The addition of nCLE to EUS-FNA significantly improves reliability of PCL diagnosis and could impact the therapeutic management of patients with single PCLs. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01563133.