bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic travel of a mine hole robot adaptive to changes in hole diameters
Authors: Ge Liang , Zhang Le , Li Hao , Fang Ziyang , Li Lei , Xiao Xiaoting 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn response to the complex and challenging task of long-distance inspection of small-diameter and variable-diameter mine holes, this paper presents a design for an adaptive small-sized mine hole robot. First, focusing on the environment of small-diameter mine holes, the paper analyzes the robot’s functions and overall structural framework. A two-wheeled wall-pressing robot with good mobility, arranged in a straight line, is designed. Furthermore, an adaptive variable-diameter method is devised, which involves constructing an adaptive variable-diameter model and proposing a control method based on position and force estimators, enabling the robot to perceive external forces. Lastly, to verify the feasibility of the structural design and adaptive variable-diameter method, performance tests and analyses are conducted on the robot’s mobility and adaptive variable-diameter capabilities. Experimental results demonstrate that the robot can move within small-diameter mine holes at any inclination angle, with a maximum horizontal crawling speed of 3.96 m/min. By employing the adaptive variable-diameter method, the robot can smoothly navigate convex platform obstacles and slope obstacles in mine holes with diameters ranging from 70 mm to 100 mm, achieving the function of adaptive variable-diameter within 2 s. Thus, it can meet the requirements of moving inside mine holes under complex conditions such as steep slopes and small and variable diameters.
Analysing policy gaps in protecting avian species from electrocution and power-line collision in Kenya
Authors: Ngila Peggy Mutheu , Chiawo David , Ellwood Elizabeth R. , Owuor Margaret Awuor 
Published: November 2024

SummaryAs countries transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy, impacts on wildlife, particularly avian species, have become a concern. In Kenya, the effects of human-made infrastructure such as power lines and wind turbines on birds have been overlooked. To prevent further loss of biodiversity, it is necessary for infrastructure development policies to consider these impacts on birds. We aim to identify gaps in current policies by analysing the intersection of wildlife conservation and power-line infrastructure development in Kenya. Through content analysis, we evaluate the effectiveness of existing wildlife protection and energy-related policies and identify strengths and weaknesses to highlight areas for improvement. Our analysis reveals that current policies neglect threats posed by power lines and other infrastructure to birds. This oversight points to challenges such as a lack of awareness among policymakers and stakeholders and a lack of legal obligation for energy institutions to implement mitigation measures; conservationists may also face conflicts with those responsible for electricity distribution. Addressing these policy gaps is essential for effective wildlife conservation and sustainable development. This paper underscores the need to integrate wildlife conservation considerations into energy infrastructure planning to mitigate adverse impacts on avian species.
The category of iterative sets in homotopy type theory and univalent foundations
Authors: Gratzer Daniel , Gylterud Håkon Robbestad , Mörtberg Anders , Stenholm Elisabeth 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhen working in homotopy type theory and univalent foundations, the traditional role of the category of sets,
$\mathcal{Set}$
, is replaced by the category
$\mathcal{hSet}$
of homotopy sets (h-sets); types with h-propositional identity types. Many of the properties of
$\mathcal{Set}$
hold for
$\mathcal{hSet}$
((co)completeness, exactness, local cartesian closure, etc.). Notably, however, the univalence axiom implies that
$\mathsf{Ob}\,\mathcal{hSet}$
is not itself an h-set, but an h-groupoid. This is expected in univalent foundations, but it is sometimes useful to also have a stricter universe of sets, for example, when constructing internal models of type theory. In this work, we equip the type of iterative sets
$\mathsf{V}^0$
, due to Gylterud ((2018). The Journal of Symbolic Logic83 (3) 1132–1146) as a refinement of the pioneering work of Aczel ((1978). Logic Colloquium’77, Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics, vol. 96, Elsevier, 55–66.) on universes of sets in type theory, with the structure of a Tarski universe and show that it satisfies many of the good properties of h-sets. In particular, we organize
$\mathsf{V}^0$
into a (non-univalent strict) category and prove that it is locally cartesian closed. This enables us to organize it into a category with families with the structure necessary to model extensional type theory internally in HoTT/UF. We do this in a rather minimal univalent type theory with W-types, in particular we do not rely on any HITs, or other complex extensions of type theory. Furthermore, the construction of
$\mathsf{V}^0$
and the model is fully constructive and predicative, while still being very convenient to work with as the decoding from
$\mathsf{V}^0$
into h-sets commutes definitionally for all type constructors. Almost all of the paper has been formalized in
$\texttt{Agda}$
using the
$\texttt{agda}$
-
$\texttt{unimath}$
library of univalent mathematics.
Teaching Ethics Consultation Using a Tabletop Exercise
Authors: Mabel Hilary , McCammon Susan , Eves Margot M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Drawing on pedagogical tools utilized in clinical scenario simulation and emergency preparedness training, the authors describe an innovative method for teaching clinical ethics consultation skills, which they call a “tabletop” exercise. Implemented at the end of a clinical ethics intensive course, the tabletop enables learners to implement the knowledge and practice the skills they gained during the course. The authors highlight the pedagogical tools on which the tabletop exercise draws, describe the tabletop exercise itself, offer how to best operationalize such an exercise, reflect on the method’s strengths and weaknesses, and provide insights for others who may want to implement their own tabletop for ethics consultation education.
Noisy group testing via spatial coupling
Authors: Coja-Oghlan Amin , Hahn-Klimroth Max , Hintze Lukas , Kaaser Dominik , Krieg Lena , Rolvien Maurice , Scheftelowitsch Olga 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe study the problem of identifying a small number
$k\sim n^\theta$
,
$0\lt \theta \lt 1$
, of infected individuals within a large population of size
$n$
by testing groups of individuals simultaneously. All tests are conducted concurrently. The goal is to minimise the total number of tests required. In this paper, we make the (realistic) assumption that tests are noisy, that is, that a group that contains an infected individual may return a negative test result or one that does not contain an infected individual may return a positive test result with a certain probability. The noise need not be symmetric. We develop an algorithm called SPARC that correctly identifies the set of infected individuals up to
$o(k)$
errors with high probability with the asymptotically minimum number of tests. Additionally, we develop an algorithm called SPEX that exactly identifies the set of infected individuals w.h.p. with a number of tests that match the information-theoretic lower bound for the constant column design, a powerful and well-studied test design.
Motor proficiency in school-aged children with CHD
Authors: Vogel Casey , Hinkle Clayton , Cassedy Amy , Alden Carrie , Colla Elizabeth , Cowan Kaitlyn , Follmer Rachel , Johnson Sarah , Lacci Christina , Natarus Michael , Patrick Cheryl , O’Connor Amy , Parikh Pooja , Ruiz Crystal , Wolfe Brian , deRegnier Raye-Ann , Marino Bradley S. , Allen Kiona 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate the motor proficiency, identify risk factors for abnormal motor scores, and examine the relationship between motor proficiency and health-related quality of life in school-aged patients with CHD.Study design:Patients ≥ 4 years old referred to the cardiac neurodevelopmental program between June 2017 and April 2020 were included. Motor skills were evaluated by therapist-administered Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second-Edition Short Form and parent-reported Adaptive Behavior Assessment System and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Inventory System Physical Functioning questionnaires. Neuropsychological status and health-related quality of life were assessed using a battery of validated questionnaires. Demographic, clinical, and educational variables were collected from electronic medical records. General linear modelling was used for multivariable analysis.Results:The median motor proficiency score was the 10th percentile, and the cohort (n = 272; mean age: 9.1 years) scored well below normative values on all administered neuropsychological questionnaires. In the final multivariable model, worse motor proficiency score was associated with family income, presence of a genetic syndrome, developmental delay recognised in infancy, abnormal neuroimaging, history of heart transplant, and executive dysfunction, and presence of an individualised education plan (p < 0.03 for all predictors). Worse motor proficiency correlated with reduced health-related quality of life. Parent-reported adaptive behaviour (p < 0.001) and physical functioning (p < 0.001) had a strong association with motor proficiency scores.Conclusion:This study highlights the need for continued motor screening for school-aged patients with CHD. Clinical factors, neuropsychological screening results, and health-related quality of life were associated with worse motor proficiency.
Transcranial direct current stimulation for obsessive compulsive disorder: A systematic review and CONSORT evaluation
Authors: Green Peta E. , Loftus Andrea M. , Anderson Rebecca A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a noninvasive brain stimulation technique, has shown some promise as a novel treatment approach for a range of mental health disorders, including OCD. This study provides a systematic review of the literature involving randomized controlled trials of tDCS for OCD and evaluates the quality of reporting using the CONSORT (Consolidating Standards of Reporting Trials) statement. This study also examined the outcomes of tDCS as a therapeutic tool for OCD.Methods:This systematic review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023426005) and the data collected in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of reporting of included studies was evaluated in accordance with the CONSORT statement.Results:Eleven randomized controlled trials were identified. Evaluation of the reviewed studies revealed low levels of overall compliance with the CONSORT statement highlighting the need for improved reporting. Key areas included insufficient information about - the intervention (for replicability), participant flow, recruitment, and treatment effect sizes. Study discussions did not fully consider limitations and generalizability, and the discussion/interpretation of the findings were often incongruent with the results and therefore misleading. Only two studies reported a significant difference between sham and active tDCS for OCD outcomes, with small effect sizes noted.Conclusions:The variability in protocols, lack of consistency in procedures, combined with limited significant findings, makes it difficult to draw any meaningful conclusions about the effectiveness of tDCS for OCD. Future studies need to be appropriately powered, empirically driven, randomized sham-controlled clinical trials.
Judicial Elections, Acceptance, and Legitimacy with Judges as Representatives
Authors: Woodson Benjamin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article proposes that elections with substantial amounts of campaign activity change the substance of a state supreme court’s legitimacy from one derived from the court’s legalistic nature to one derived through representation. Using a national survey, it shows that because of this change the perceived legitimacy of courts with robust elections does not induce acceptance of their decisions. Only nonrepresentative courts with the legalistic form of legitimacy can convert their institutional legitimacy into decisional acceptance. This means that even highly legitimate courts with robust elections are ineffective at inducing acceptance. This hinders the ability of those courts to build public support for their decisions, which is essential for the effective functioning of the judiciary. Additional analyses show this effect is not caused by the politicization associated with campaigning but rather through the representation provided by elections.
Influence of Parameterization Changes on Arctic Low Cloud Properties and Cloud Radiative Effects in Two Versions of the HadGEM3 Atmospheric Model: GA7.1 and GA6
Authors: Taylor Patrick C. , Boeke Robyn C. , Bodas‐Salcedo Alejandro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractArctic clouds play a key role in Arctic climate variability and change; however, contemporary climate models struggle to simulate cloud properties accurately. Model‐simulated cloud properties are determined by the physical parameterizations and their interactions within the model configuration. Quantifying effects of individual parameterization changes on model‐simulated clouds informs efforts to improve models and provides insights on climate system behavior. This study quantities the influence of parameterization scheme changes on Arctic low cloud properties within the Hadley Center Global Environmental Model 3 atmospheric model using a suite of experiments where individual parameterization packages are changed between the two configurations. The results indicate, surprisingly, that single parameterization changes explain most of the cloud property changes, whereas multiple parameterizations, including non‐cloud schemes, contribute to cloud radiative effect differences. Non‐cloud parameterizations are those not used to compute time step cloud properties. We employ a three‐term decomposition to quantify contributions from (a) regime independent, (b) regime dependent, and (c) the regime frequency of occurrence changes. Decomposition results indicate that cloud property changes vary by meteorological regime, each term contributes differently to each cloud property change, and non‐cloud parameterization changes make substantial contributions to the LW and SW cloud radiative effects by affecting clear‐sky fluxes. The analysis provides insights on the role of non‐cloud parameterizations for setting cloud radiative effects, a pathway for cloud‐atmosphere circulation interactions, raises questions on the importance of infrequently occurring regimes to climate simulations, and on useful observational approaches for improving models.
Statistical Methods for Interpreting Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity of Martian Tropical Water Ice Informed by Properties of Crater Ejecta Types
Authors: Riggs Jamie D. , Kirchoff Michelle R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe martian tropical water ice spatial and temporal distribution was characterized using impact crater ejecta type, location, size, and age in one of two epochs, Ga and Ga, using statistical models designed for spatial and temporal correlation structures. The indicator thought to identify the presence of ice is craters with layered ejecta, while the indicator thought to identify no ice is craters with radial ejecta. These indicators imply the location (longitude and latitude) and, potentially, depth (crater diameter as a proxy) of ice, and when the ice was present. The spatial and temporal distribution of layered ejecta versus radial ejecta may inform on the geography and evolution of ice. A statistical spatial point analysis was conducted on a 54‐sample data set (craters with diameters 2.77–10.00 km) for an equatorial region ( to S, and E to W. The analysis shows the spatial and temporal distribution of tropical ice in the study region is most likely random.
A Marine Barite Perspective of the Late Miocene Biogenic Bloom in the Equatorial Indian Ocean and Equatorial Western Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Wu Xinying , Hu Yue , Nan Jingbo , Yao Weiqi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe marine biological pump is crucial for removing excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to the ocean interior and seafloor sediments. The Late Miocene Biogenic Bloom (LMBB), marked by notable increases in biogenic components in marine sediments, provides insights into the response of the biological pump to climate change. However, understanding the timing, distribution, and cause of the LMBB remains limited. We use marine barite, a refractory mineral precipitating from the water column associated with carbon export, and other proxies to reconstruct productivity in the equatorial Indian Ocean and equatorial western Atlantic between 12 and 5 Ma. Multi‐proxy records reveal the onset of the LMBB in the equatorial Indian Ocean at ∼9 Ma, primarily driven by more vigorous upwelling during global cooling. We suggest that the steepened meridional temperature gradient and the Antarctic ice sheet expansion have strengthened ocean overturning, facilitating nutrient supply and biogenic bloom in upwelling regions.
Observations of Strong Range Spread F and Nighttime Ionospheric Enhancement in the Mid‐Latitude Region Under Geomagnetically Quiet Conditions
Authors: Jiang Chunhua , Tian Rong , Liu Tongxin , Yang Guobin , Shen Hua , Huang Wengeng , Zhao Zhengyu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSpread F is one of most widely observed nighttime ionospheric irregularities by ionosondes in the equatorial, low‐ and mid‐latitude regions. One type of spread F, known as strong range spread F (backscatter echoes beyond the critical frequency of the F2 layer, foF2), has been observed in the equatorial and low‐latitude regions but not at middle latitudes. This study reported for the first‐time observations of strong range spread F at Zhangye Station (ZHY, Geographical latitude 39.4°N, longitude 100.0°E, Dip Lat 29.6°N) on 29 November 2019 (under quiescent conditions). Observations show that strong range spread F occurred at first during midnight (∼16:30 UT), accompanied with mid‐latitude nighttime ionospheric enhancements in foF2 and total electron content (TEC). Then, it becomes more pronounced when ionospheric collapse occurred. The measurements from satellite revealed that there are large opposite temperature and density gradients (temperature decreased sharply from ∼3100 to ∼2500 K, however, electron density increased sharply from ∼0.3 e5 to ∼1.2 e5 cm−3 around Zhangye Station) during this event. Results suggest that mid‐latitude strong range spread F might be attributed to temperature gradient instabilities.
An Improved Bio‐Physical Parameterization for Ocean Radiant Heating in Conditions of Near‐Surface Stratification
Authors: Witte Carson R. , Subramaniam Ajit , Zappa Christopher J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSolar heating of the upper ocean is a primary energy input to the ocean‐atmosphere system, and the vertical heating profile is modified by the concentration of phytoplankton in the water, with consequences for sea surface temperature and upper ocean dynamics. Despite the development of increasingly complex modeling approaches for radiative transfer in the atmosphere and upper ocean, the simple parameterizations of radiant heating used in most ocean models can be significantly improved in cases of near‐surface stratification. There remains a need for a parameterization that is accurate in the upper meters and contains an explicitly spectral dependence on the concentration of biogenic material, while maintaining the computational simplicity of the parameterizations currently in use. Here, we assemble observationally‐validated physical modeling tools for the key controls on ocean radiant heating, and simplify them into a parameterization that fulfills this need. We then use observations from 64 spectroradiometer depth casts across 6 cruises in diverse water bodies, 13 surface hyperspectral radiometer deployments, and broadband albedo from 2 UAV flights to probe the accuracy and uncertainty associated with the new parameterization. A novel case study using the parameterization demonstrates the impact of chlorophyll concentration on the structure of diurnal warm layers. The parameterization presented in this work will allow for better modeling of global patterns of sea surface temperature, diurnal warming, and freshwater lenses, without a prohibitive increase in complexity.
Modeling and Design of Improved‐Gain Wideband Magneto‐Electric Dipole Antenna for Micro‐BTS Applications
Authors: Amiri Zhale , Kaboutari Keivan , Ghobadi Changiz , Nourinia Javad , Shokri Majid , Maslovski Stanislav 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA wideband Magneto‐Electric Dipole (MED) antenna with high gain is proposed for the 700/800/850/900 MHz frequency bands for cellular network applications. The antenna comprises a half‐wavelength bow‐tie‐shaped dipole, an elongated magnetic loop and a ground reflector with four Elevated Ground Planes (EGPs) at reflector's corners. The EGPs enhance the antenna gain and Front‐to‐Back Ratio (FBR), which is a promising technique in the MED antenna design. The antenna is excited by a ‐shaped coupling element. An analytical model of the proposed antenna is developed by employing Schelkunoff's model for dipole antennas and the transmission line theory complemented by radiation resistance corrections. The antenna design is validated with full‐wave numerical simulations. The antenna is fabricated using cut and bent metallic plates and tested in an anechoic chamber. The analytical, numerical and experimental results are in a good agreement. The experimental results confirm that the proposed MED antenna with dimensions of achieves a bandwidth of 61.53% (623.1–1176.8 MHz) for and a stable gain of 9.8 1.9 dBi. By employing the EGPs, the realized peak gain and FBR are enhanced by 0.52 dBi and 1.1 dB, respectively.
Use of mucolytics and inhaled antibiotics in the NICU
Authors: Gipsman Alexander I. , Bhandari Anita , Bhandari Vineet 
Published: November 2024

AbstractClearance of airway secretions and treatment of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are two common problems caregivers face in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Mucolytics degrade crosslinks in mucus gel, reducing mucus viscosity and facilitating their removal by cough or endotracheal suctioning. While such medications have been studied in older children and adults, their use is not as well described in the NICU. For RTIs, systemic antibiotics are usually prescribed, although their use is often associated with adverse effects. Inhaled antibiotics may provide increased drug concentrations to the infected airways while minimizing systemic toxicity. The use of inhaled antibiotics in the NICU has been described in small case series. As underlying physiologic differences will lend to inaccuracies when extrapolating data obtained from older children, there is an urgent need to determine the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing of inhaled mucolytics and antibiotics in infants of varying gestational and post-natal ages.