bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time course and expression pattern of the neuronal markers in the developing human spinal cord
Authors: Restović Ivana , Bočina Ivana , Vukojević Katarina , Kero Darko , Filipović Natalija , Raonić Janja , Vučinić Jelena , Vukmirović Filip , Vučković Ljiljana , Saraga‐Babić Mirna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the spatio‐temporal appearance of different neuronal cell subtypes by analyzing expression patterns of several neuronal markers (calretinin, neurofilament 200 (NF200), vanilloid receptor 1(VR1) and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP)) of the embryonic human spinal cord (SC). Developing human SCs from 11 human conceptuses beetwen 5–10 developmental weeks (DW) were examined by light and electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Light and electron microscopy revealed different embryonic stages of recognizable structure of the SC. NF200, CGRP and VR1 positive cells were observed in SCs during 5th–6th DW. NF200 was predominantly expressed in the ventral part, indicating presence of motoneurons. As development advanced, NF200 was mainly expressed in the marginal zone. Expression of CGRP was intense during all of the investigated periods, predominantly during the 5th–6th DW pointing to neural sensory differentiation, as opposed to the last DW when reduced expression of CGRP in the marginal layer indicated the terminations of the sensory afferents. Expression of VR1 was highest in the intermediate zone, at the beginning and at the end of the investigated periods, pointing to VR1 spatial pattern in the visceral afferents in the grey matter, while the first signs of calretinin were found in the 9th–10th DW ventrally. Delineating the relationships between factors involved in processes of neuronal differentiation as well as spatial and temporal arrangement of SC interrelated neurons can provide a useful information about normal SC development as well as the insight in possible causes of anomalies and disorders during embryonic life.
Repeated neonatal needle‐prick stimulation increases inflammatory mechanical hypersensitivity in adult rats
Authors: de Carvalho Ravena Carolina , Prado Lara , Rissardo Oliveira Naynne Cristina , Vilela Giusti Fabiana Cardosos , Santos Vieira Jádina , Giusti‐Paiva Alexandre , da Silva Josie Resende Torres , da Silva Marcelo Lourenço 
Published: February 2019

Background and aimsNewborn infants are vulnerable to procedural stress and pain exposure on the first weeks of life that represents a critical period for the development of nociceptive, sensory, emotional, and social functions. We evaluated the nociceptive behavior of adult male and female rats that were submitted to nociceptive experience in the neonatal period and the maternal behavior in the postnatal period.MethodsThe animals were submitted to repetitive needle pricking from the second to the fifteenth postnatal day (PND 2–15). Maternal behavior and litter weight were evaluated during this period. Mechanical sensitivity to pain was assessed in offsprings during the adulthood by exposing them to inflammatory stimuli, including formalin test or the Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) injection followed by the electronic von Frey test at 0, 3, 6 and 24 h later.ResultsMaternal behavior and litter weight were not altered by pinprick stimuli during PND 2–15. Additionally, pinprick stimulation reduced the paw withdrawal threshold in CFA‐injected animals compared to control. In the formalin test, there was a difference between the genders. Female rats are statically more sensitive to formalin stimulation and showed an increased licking time in both the first and second phases and increased number of flinches in second phase.ConclusionsExperiencing early life repetitive pain exposure increased inflammatory pain sensitivity in adult offspring rats and female rats are more sensitive to chemical stimulation.ImplicationsFuture investigations of the mechanisms involved in this effect may contribute to the improvement of the understanding of inflammatory pain sensitivity differences.
Minimal invasive MPFL reconstruction using quadriceps tendon graft with lateral release: 2 years follow up
Authors: Rhatomy Sholahuddin , Soekarno Noha Roshadiansyah , Setyawan Riky , Primasara Shinta , Gaol Imelda L. , Budipharama Nicolaas C. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is a popular procedure to repair recurrent patellar dislocation. Many methods of reconstruction describe the use of hamstring tendons as the graft of choice. This study aimed to compare the functional outcome of MPFL reconstruction using quadriceps tendon graft with arthroscopic lateral release and to identify possible risks.

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort study in patients with a history of recurrent dislocation trauma from 2014 to 2016 that already done MPFL reconstruction using quadriceps tendon grafts with arthroscopic lateral release. Patient reported outcomes were evaluated pre-operative and 2 years post-operatively using IKDC score, Lysholm knee score, Kujala score, KSS Score, thigh circumference size, and kneel down ability. Patellar fracture, redislocation, and other complications were also assessed 2 years post-operative.

Results:
Eight patients included in this study and showed significant improvement in clinical outcomes. The Lysholm score increased from 64.37 ± 8.23 to 90.87 ± 3.23 (p = 0.011), IKDC score increased from 62.93 ± 7.52 to 88.36 ± 3.64 (p < 0.001). Kujala score increased from 60.87 ± 7.94 to 88.37 ± 4.34 (p < 0.001), KSS knee score increased from 83.25 ± 11 to 93.87 ± 1.73 (p = 0.012). KSS function also increased from 57.50 ± 11.65 to 88.13 ± 3.72 (p = 0.011) with decreased in thigh circumference (1–3 cm). Five patients have full ROM, able to kneeling, while 3 patients were able to kneeling with adjustments. There were no postoperative infection, patellar fractures nor redislocations.

Conclusion:
MPFL reconstruction using quadriceps tendon grafts with arthroscopic lateral release can provide improved clinical results without complications of patellar fracture or stiffness of the knee, infection, and redislocation.

Level of evidence:
Level 3, Retrospective Cohort Study.

Highlights:
Clinical and cortical decline in the aphasic variant of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Rogalski Emily Joy , Sridhar Jaiashre , Martersteck Adam , Rader Benjamin , Cobia Derin , Arora Anupa K. , Fought Angela J. , Bigio Eileen H. , Weintraub Sandra , Mesulam Marek‐Marsel , Rademaker Alfred 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionPrimary progressive aphasia (PPA) displays variable progression trajectories that require further elucidation.MethodsLongitudinal quantitation of atrophy and language over 12 months was completed for PPA patients with and without positive amyloid PET (PPAAβ+ and PPAAβ−), an imaging biomarker of underlying Alzheimer’s disease.ResultsOver 12 months, both PPA groups showed significantly greater cortical atrophy rates in the left versus right hemisphere, with a more widespread pattern in PPAAβ+. The PPAAβ+ group also showed greater decline in performance on most language tasks. There was no obligatory relationship between the logopenic PPA variant and amyloid status. Effect sizes from quantitative MRI data were more robust than neuropsychological metrics.DiscussionPreferential language network neurodegeneration is present in PPA irrespective of amyloid status. Clinical and anatomical progression appears to differ for PPA due to Alzheimer's disease versus non–Alzheimer's disease neuropathology, a distinction that may help to inform prognosis and the design of intervention trials.
Discharge Destination from a Rehabilitation Unit After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Saab Amalie , Glass-Kaastra Shiona , Young Gordon Bryan 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT:Background:We reviewed numerous variables for ischemic stroke patients admitted to a rehabilitation unit to determine those that were statistically associated with discharge destination.Methods:A retrospective chart review of patients with ischemic stroke discharged from the rehabilitation unit between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015. Variables were examined for their association with discharge destination (home versus long-term care (LTC)). Univariable relationships with discharge destination were assessed, and a multivariable logistic regression model was built.Results:Univariate predictors of discharge to LTC: advanced age, decreasing admission and discharge functional independence measure (FIM) scores, increasing change in FIM score from admission to discharge, dependency, residence outside of home before the stroke, absence of a caregiver, urinary and bowel incontinence, low Berg balance score at admission and discharge, low Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores, smoking, chronic heart failure, and an inability to transfer. Multivariable logistic regression: five factors remained significant predictors with LTC disposition: advanced age, bowel incontinence, residence outside of the home prior to stroke, right hemisphere site of the stroke, and absence of a caregiver.Conclusions:Several easily measured variables were significantly associated with discharge to LTC versus home following stroke rehabilitation.
Muscular Ultrasound, Syndecan-1 and Procalcitonin Serum Levels to Assess Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness
Authors: Patejdl Robert , Walter Uwe , Rosener Sarah , Sauer Martin , Reuter Daniel A. , Ehler Johannes 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT:Background:Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) is associated with poorer outcome of critically ill patients. Microcirculatory changes and altered vascular permeability of skeletal muscles might contribute to the pathogenesis of ICU-AW. Muscular ultrasound (MUS) displays increased muscle echogenicity, although its pathogenesis is uncertain.Objective:We investigated the combined measurement of serum and ultrasound markers to assess ICU-AW and clinical patient outcome.Methods:Fifteen patients and five healthy controls were longitudinally assessed for signs of ICU-AW at study days 3 and 10 using a muscle strength sum score. The definition of ICU-AW was based on decreased muscle strength assessed by the muscular research council-sum score. Ultrasound echogenicity of extremity muscles was assessed using a standardized protocol. Serum markers of inflammation and endothelial damage were measured. The 3-month outcome was assessed on the modified Rankin scale.Results:ICU-AW was present in eight patients, and seven patients and the control subjects did not develop ICU-AW. The global muscle echogenicity score (GME) differed significantly between controls and patients (mean GME, 1.1 ± 0.06 vs. 2.3 ± 0.41;p= 0.001). Mean GME values significantly decreased in patients without ICU-AW from assessment 1 (2.30 ± 0.48) to assessment 2 (2.06 ± 0.45;p= 0.027), which was not observed in patients with ICU-AW. Serum levels of syndecan-1 at day 3 significantly correlated with higher GME values at day 10 (r= 0.63,p= 0.012). Furthermore, the patients’ GME significantly correlated with mRS at day 100 (r= 0.67,p= 0.013).Conclusion:The combined use of muscular ultrasound and inflammatory biomarkers might be helpful to diagnose ICU-AW and to predict long-term outcome in critical illness.
Autonomous motivation, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and healthy beverage intake in US families: differences between mother–adolescent and father–adolescent dyads
Authors: Figueroa Roger , Kalyoncu Z Begüm , Saltzman Jaclyn A , Davison Kirsten K 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess interdependent effects of autonomous motivation to limit sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in relation to SSB and healthy beverage (HB) intake in mother–adolescent and father–adolescent dyads.DesignAdopting a dyadic cross-sectional design, the actor–partner interdependence modelling (APIM) approach was used to construct and analyse two APIM for mother–adolescent and father–adolescent dyads. The first model assessed actor effects (individual’s autonomous motivation associated with his/her own beverage intake) and partner effects (individual’s autonomous motivation associated with another family member’s beverage consumption) of autonomous motivation on SSB consumption. The second model assessed actor and partner effects of autonomous motivation on HB intake.SettingTwo Internet-based surveys were completed in participant households.ParticipantsData from a demographically representative US sample of parent–adolescent dyads (1225 mother–adolescent dyads, 424 father–adolescent dyads) were used.ResultsIn the first model (autonomous motivation on SSB consumption), actor effects were significant for adolescents, but not for parents. Partner effects were significant for mother–adolescent, but not father–adolescent dyads. In the second model (autonomous motivation on HB intake), actor effects were significant for adolescents and parents in all dyadic combinations. Regarding partner effects, adolescent autonomous motivation had a significant effect on HB intake for mothers and fathers. In addition, maternal autonomous motivation had a significant effect on adolescent HB intake. No partner effects for HB were identified for fathers.ConclusionsWe found significant interdependent effects of autonomous motivation in relation to SSB and HB intake in mother–adolescent and father–adolescent dyads for eleven out of sixteen pathways modelled.
Satellite Observations of SST‐Induced Wind Speed Perturbation at the Oceanic Submesoscale
Authors: Gaube P. , Chickadel C. C. , Branch R. , Jessup A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSea Surface Temperature (SST) modifies the turbulent mixing, drag, and pressure gradients within the marine atmospheric boundary layer that accelerate near‐surface flow from cool to warm SST and decelerate the flow from warm to cool SST. This phenomenon is well documented on scales of 100–1,000 km (the oceanic mesoscale); however, the nature of this air‐sea coupling at scales on the order of 1–10 km (the submesoscale) remains unknown. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer can be used to study submesoscale phenomena because the high‐resolution infrared and near‐infrared images can used to estimate both SST and wind speed. Observations of dramatic temperature and wind gradients along the Gulf Stream landward edge are used to examine the surface wind response to submesoscale fronts in SST. Our analysis indicates that SST‐induced wind speed perturbations are observed at the scales of order 1–10 km, significantly smaller than previously suggested.
Faulting and Gas Discharge in the Rome Area (Central Italy) and Associated Hazards
Authors: Carapezza M. L. , Barberi F. , Ranaldi M. , Tarchini L. , Pagliuca N. M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe area of Central Italy around Rome contains natural gas discharging zones and several others where quarrying or mining excavation removed the impervious superficial layers allowing a free hazardous discharge to the surface of endogenous gas. These gas manifestations are mostly located above buried structural highs of fractured Mesozoic limestones hosting the main regional aquifer and revealed by gravity anomalies. In the last decades, many gas blowouts occurred in this area, from wells whose depth ranged from 10–15 to 350 m. The main component of the emitted gas is CO2 with minor H2S; only in a blowout offshore of Fiumicino CH4 prevailed. Several animals even of large size and two persons were killed by the emitted gas (mostly by H2S), and nearby houses were evacuated because of dangerous indoor CO2 concentrations. He and CO2‐carbon isotopes suggest that gas has a deep mantle signature, as indicated for Fiumicino gas by N2 isotopic composition and N2/36Ar ratios. Gas rising from depth first accumulates in the buried Mesozoic limestone reservoir, and from there it escapes along deep‐reaching faults. On its way to the surface, the gas dissolves into and pressurizes any encountered confined aquifer, which may then produce a gas blowout when reached by wells. The main direction of the gas feeding faults was estimated through the alignment of visible gas emissive points, the shape of the positive anomalies in soil CO2 flux maps, and new structural‐geological observations, finding that they correspond mostly to the main orientation of the underlying limestone structural high.
Most canine ameloblastomas harbor HRAS mutations, providing a novel large-animal model of RAS-driven cancer
Authors: Saffari Persiana S. , Vapniarsky Natalia , Pollack Anna S. , Gong Xue , Vennam Sujay , Pollack Andrew J. , Verstraete Frank J. M. , West Robert B. , Arzi Boaz , Pollack Jonathan R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCanine acanthomatous ameloblastomas (CAA), analogs of human ameloblastoma, are oral tumors of odontogenic origin for which the genetic drivers have remained undefined. By whole-exome sequencing, we have now discovered recurrent HRAS and BRAF activating mutations, respectively, in 63% and 8% of CAA. Notably, cell lines derived from CAA with HRAS mutation exhibit marked sensitivity to MAP kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibitors, which constrain cell proliferation and drive ameloblast differentiation. Our findings newly identify a large-animal spontaneous cancer model to study the progression and treatment of RAS-driven cancer. More broadly, our study highlights the translational potential of canine cancer genome sequencing to benefit both humans and their companion animals.
G protein βγ subunits play a critical role in the actions of amphetamine
Authors: Mauna J. C. , Harris S. S. , Pino J. A. , Edwards C. M. , DeChellis-Marks M. R. , Bassi C. D. , Garcia-Olivares J. , Amara S. G. , Guajardo F. G. , Sotomayor-Zarate R. , Terminel M. , Castañeda E. , Vergara M. , Baust T. , Thiels E. , Torres G. E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAbnormal levels of dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to several neurological and psychiatric disorders including drug addiction. Extracellular DA levels are regulated primarily via reuptake by the DA transporter (DAT). Amphetamine, a potent psychostimulant, increases extracellular DA by inducing efflux through DAT. Recently, we discovered that G protein βγ subunits (Gβγ) interact with DAT, and that in vitro activation of Gβγ promotes DAT-mediated efflux. Here, we investigated the role of Gβγ in the actions of amphetamine in DA neurons in culture, ex vivo nucleus accumbens (NAc), and freely moving rats. Activation of Gβγ with the peptide myr-Ser-Ile-Arg-Lys-Ala-Leu-Asn-Ile-Leu-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Asp-Tyr-Asp (mSIRK) in the NAc potentiated amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion, but not cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion, and systemic or intra-accumbal administration of the Gβγ inhibitor gallein attenuated amphetamine-induced, but not cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion. Infusion into the NAc of a TAT-fused peptide that targets the Gβγ-binding site on DAT (TAT-DATct1) also attenuated amphetamine-induced but not cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion. In DA neurons in culture, inhibition of Gβγ with gallein or blockade of the Gβγ–DAT interaction with the TAT-DATct1 peptide decreased amphetamine-induced DA efflux. Furthermore, activation of Gβγ with mSIRK potentiated and inhibition of Gβγ with gallein reduced amphetamine-induced increases of extracellular DA in the NAc in vitro and in freely moving rats. Finally, systemic or intra-accumbal inhibition of Gβγ with gallein blocked the development of amphetamine-induced, but not cocaine-induced place preference. Collectively, these results suggest that interaction between Gβγ and DAT plays a critical role in the actions of amphetamine and presents a novel target for modulating the actions of amphetamine in vivo.
Cigarette smoking and gray matter brain volumes in middle age adults: the CARDIA Brain MRI sub-study
Authors: Elbejjani Martine , Auer Reto , Jacobs David R. , Haight Thaddeus , Davatzikos Christos , Goff David C. , Bryan R. Nick , Launer Lenore J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCigarette smoking has been associated with dementia and dementia-related brain changes, notably gray matter (GM) volume atrophy. These associations are thought to reflect the co-morbidity of smoking and vascular, respiratory, and substance use/psychological conditions. However, the extent and localization of the smoking-GM relationship and the degree to which vascular, respiratory, and substance use/psychological factors influence this relationship remain unclear. In the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults CARDIA cohort (n = 698; 52% women; 40% black participants; age = 50.3 (SD = 3.5)), we examined the associations of smoking status with total GM volume and GM volume of brain regions linked to neurocognitive and addiction disorders. Linear regression models were used to adjust for vascular, respiratory, and substance use/psychological factors and to examine whether they modify the smoking-GM relationship. Compared to never-smokers, current smokers had smaller total GM volume (−8.86 cm3 (95%CI = −13.44, −4.29). Adjustment for substance use/psychological – but not vascular or respiratory – factors substantially attenuated this association (coefficients = −5.54 (95% CI = −10.32, −0.76); −8.33 (95% CI = −12.94, −3.72); −7.69 (95% CI = −6.95, −4.21), respectively). There was an interaction between smoking and alcohol use such that among alcohol non-users, smoking was not related to GM volumes and among alcohol users, those who currently smoked had −12 cm3 smaller total GM, specifically in the frontal and temporal lobes, amygdala, cingulate, and insula. Results suggest a large-magnitude association between smoking and smaller GM volume at middle age, accounting for vascular, respiratory, and substance use/psychological factors, and that the association was strongest in alcohol users. Regions suggested to be most vulnerable are those where cognition and addiction processes overlap.
Callous-unemotional traits, low cortisol reactivity and physical aggression in children: findings from the Wirral Child Health and Development Study
Authors: Wright Nicola , Hill Jonathan , Pickles Andrew , Sharp Helen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCallous-unemotional (CU) traits are thought to confer risk for aggression via reduced amygdala responsivity to distress cues in others. Low cortisol reactivity is thought to confer risk for aggression via reduced arousal and this effect may be confined to boys. We tested the hypothesis that the association between childhood CU traits and aggression would be greatest in the absence of the inhibitory effects of cortisol reactivity, and that this effect would be sex dependent. Participants were 283 members of a stratified subsample within an epidemiological longitudinal cohort (WCHADS). Cortisol reactivity to a social stressor was assessed at 5 years. CU traits were reported by mothers at 5 years, and physical aggression by mothers and teachers at age 7. Results showed that CU traits were associated with elevated aggression at 7 years controlling for earlier aggression. There was no main effect of cortisol reactivity on regression. The association between CU traits and aggression was moderated by cortisol reactivity (p = .011) with a strong association between CU traits and aggression in the presence of low reactivity, and a small and non-significant association in the presence of high reactivity. This association was further moderated by child sex (p = .041) with the joint effect of high CU traits and low cortisol reactivity seen only in boys (p = .016). We report first evidence that a combined deficit in inhibitory processes associated with CU traits and low cortisol reactivity increases risk for childhood aggression, in a sex-dependent manner.