bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outstanding Water‐Resistance Pd‐Co Nanoparticles Functionalized Mesoporous Carbon Catalyst for CO Catalytic Oxidation at Room Temperature
Authors: Han Weiliang , Dong Fang , Zhao Haijun , Tang Zhicheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCO complete oxidation at room temperature under moisture has the key difficulty in low loading of noble metal compounds. In this paper, a series of Pd−Co functionalized mesoporous carbon‐based (meso‐C) catalysts were masterly designed, and meso‐C support was prepared by the hard template method. Pd−Co/meso‐C catalysts exhibited the high catalytic activity of CO oxidation, the superior Pd−Co/meso‐C catalyst showed excellent water‐resistance, which could maintain 100% conversion beyond 200 h at room temperature. Through a series of characterizations, the superior Pd−Co/meso‐C catalyst possessed higher activity due to smaller cobaltosic oxide (Co3O4) particle size, excellent reducibility, abundant surface active oxygen species, higher tetravalent Pd content, etc. Therefore, it was concluded that the reaction mechanism of CO oxidation on Pd−Co/meso‐C followed the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood + Redox mechanism according to above characterization and activity results. The deactivation of noble metal catalyst was reasonably solved by controlling the dispersion and particle size of Pd−Co.
A Multi‐Responsive Cd–Viologen Complex: Photochromism, Photomodulated Fluorescence, and Luminescent Sensing
Authors: Qiu Xing‐Tai , Shi Qing , Zhang De‐Quan , Lin Qing‐Feng , Sun Yan‐Qiong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBy incorporating a viologen moiety into a framework, a multiresponsive 2D bilayered luminescent Cd–viologen complex {[Cd1.5(Cebpy)(Hbtc)Cl]⋅H2O}n, (1, Cebpy=1‐carboxyethyl‐4, 4’‐bipyridine, H3Hbtc=1, 3, 5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid) has been synthesized. The reversible photochromism from light brown to dark bluish‐grey is implemented due to the favourable spatial stack of the electron donor and acceptor. The photochromic component of the organic linkers can modulate the luminescence of compound 1 under irradiation by using a Xenon lamp. At the same time, compound 1 shows a good potential in luminescent sensing for colored transition metal cations. Thus, multiphotofunctionality, viz. photoluminescence, photochromism as well as the derivate fluorescent responses to irradiation and colored transition metal cations have been combined in the Cd–viologen complex 1, which is the first example in the Cd–viologen‐based photochromic hybrid materials.
Charge Transport in Novel Phenazine Fused Triphenylene Supramolecular Systems
Authors: Gowda Ashwathanarayana , Jacob Litwin , Singh Dharmendra P. , Douali Redouane , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNovel phenazine–fused triphenylene discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) tethered with alkanethiols and alkoxy chains are synthesized. The condensation of 4,5‐dibromobenzene‐1,2‐diamine with triphenylene‐1,2‐diquinone discotic core, followed by the reaction with alkanethiols gives heterocyclic phenazine–fused triphenylene based DLCs. The intermediate dibromo–substituted phenazine and final alkanethiol substituted phenazine–fused triphenylene derivatives exhibit a wide range of stable enantiotropic hexagonal columnar phase, which was characterised by polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies. We have also investigated the photophysical properties of all phenazine compounds using dilute solution of anhydrous chloroform. The charge carrier mobility was measured for one representative compound by time of flight method which revealed that phenazine–fused triphenylene discotic mesogen exhibits p‐type (hole) mobility of the order of 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. The novel mesogens reported here present a wide temperature stability with good charge mobility and optical properties. These mesogens have shown potential applications for solar cells, sensors, organic light emitting diodes and other electro‐optical device applications.
Small Structural Changes at the N‐position of the Tropane Core Control the Mechanism of Nortropane Derivatives Binding to Dopamine Transporter
Authors: Kukk Siim , Järv Jaak 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA series of N‐substituted tropane derivatives were synthesized and their interactions with the dopamine transporter were analyzed using kinetic methods. This series was designed to distinct the structural features that induce the change in the binding mechanism, in which some compounds form an isomerized complex with the protein. The main structural features determining the kinetic and equilibrium characteristics of the ligands are discussed.
Guanidine‐Containing Phenyl‐Pyrrole Compounds as Probes for Generating HIV Entry Inhibitors Targeted to gp120
Authors: Belov Dmitry S. , Curreli Francesca , Kurkin Alexander V. , Altieri Andrea , Debnath Asim K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAsp368 in the HIV‐1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 plays a critical role in binding to the Arg59 of the primary cellular receptor CD4 through forming a salt‐bridge to initiate HIV‐1 entry and infection. The molecules capable of interfering with the entry of virus to host cells are termed HIV‐1 entry/attachment inhibitors. Earlier, we designed N‐(2‐amino‐1‐(5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐4‐methylthiazol‐2‐yl)ethyl)‐5‐(4‐chloro‐3‐fluorophenyl)‐1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxamide series compounds as entry inhibitors targeted to HIV‐1 gp120. Here, we report the incorporation of guanidine moiety to replace free amine in some of those HIV‐1 entry inhibitors. Guanidine group is expected to simulate Arg59 and interact with Asp368 of the gp120 to form salt‐bridge and thus blocking the binding of HIV‐1 with the cell receptor CD4. The resulting compounds were tested against Env‐pseudotyped HIV‐1, and few of them showed low μM inhibition. The guanidines also showed higher aqueous solubility than compounds with a free amine. One of the guanidines, N‐(2‐(2‐guanidinoacetamido)‐1‐(4‐(hydroxymethyl)thiazol‐2‐yl)ethyl)‐5‐(4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxamide (10), is expected to be a lead for further optimization.
Theoretical Studies on the Fixation of CO2 with Propylene Oxide Catalyzed by Squaramide/TEAB
Authors: Hu Xiao , Wang Ping , Liu Wei , Wang Yong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe chemical fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2) with propylene oxide catalyzed by a binary squaramide/TEAB catalyst, leading to a five‐membered cyclic propylene carbonate, has been fully investigated by density functional theory (DFT). Our results reveal that the overall reaction involves three elementary steps: the epoxide ring opening, CO2 electrophilic attack, and intramolecular cyclization. The rate‐determining step of the catalytic reaction is found to be the ring‐opening step with an energy barrier of 28.4 kcal/mol in mesitylene solvent, which is kinetically more favourable than that of non‐catalytic CO2 fixation with a relatively higher barrier of 68.8 kcal/mol. The remarkable catalytic activity originates from the stabilization effect of squaramide on the oxyanionic transition states with multiple hydrogen bonding.
Respiratory Complications After Colorectal Surgery: Avoidable or Fate?
Authors: Jurt Jonas , Hübner Martin , Pache Basile , Hahnloser Dieter , Demartines Nicolas , Grass Fabian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe prevention of post‐operative pulmonary complications (PPC) is targeted by several enhanced recovery (ERAS) items including early mobilisation, prevention of fluid overload and omission of routine nasogastric tubes. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of ERAS on PPC.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of an institutional database including consecutive colorectal ERAS procedures from May 2011 until May 2017. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to identify risk factors for PPC among demographic, surgical characteristics and items related to the ERAS protocol.ResultsIn total, 1298 patients were included; among them 120 (9.2%) had one or more PPC. Multivariable analysis retained minimally invasive surgery [odds ratio (OR) 0.26; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15–0.46] and compliance to the ERAS protocol of ≥ 70% (OR 0.53; CI 0.30–0.94) as protective factors. Emergency surgery (OR 2.70; CI 1.20–6.01), blood loss of ≥ 200 mL (OR 2.06; CI 1.20–3.53) and ASA score of ≥ 3 (OR 2.00; CI 1.12–3.57) were independent risk factors. Median length of hospital stay was significantly longer in patients who experienced respiratory complications (21 [4–183] vs. 6 [1–95] days, p ≤ 0.001).ConclusionsMinimally invasive surgery and high compliance with the ERAS protocol can help to prevent PPC.
Disparid and hybocrinid crinoids (Echinodermata) from the Upper Ordovician (lower Katian) Brechin Lagerstätte of Ontario
Authors: Ausich William I. , Wright David F. , Cole Selina R. , Koniecki Joseph M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Brechin Lagerstätte (Katian, Ordovician) from the Lake Simcoe region of Ontario, Canada contains a diverse array of echinoderms. Here, we describe seven disparid and two hybocrinid crinoids (subclass Pentacrinoidea, infraclass Inadunata), including a new disparid species belonging to the Anomalocrinidae (order Homocrinida). In total, the disparids include Anomalocrinus astrictus n. sp.; Cremacrinus guttenbergensis Kolata, 1975; C. inaequalis Billings, 1859; Daedalocrinus bellevillensis Billings, 1883; Eustenocrinus springeri Ulrich, 1925; Iocrinus trentonensis Walcott, 1883; and Isotomocrinus tenuis Billings, 1857b. The hybocrinids include Hybocrinus tumidus Billings, 1857a and Hybocystites problematicus Wetherby, 1880. Previously known from only the holotype, three additional specimens of E. springeri expand our understanding of this unusual crinoid. Nomenclatural acts include: (1) the recommended designation of D. kirki Ulrich, 1925 as a junior synonym of D. bellevillensis is followed; (2) Hybocrinus pristinus Billings, 1858 is designated as a junior synonym of H. tumidus, and previous decisions are followed to retain Hybocystites eldonensis (Parks, 1908) as a junior synonym of H. problematicus; (3) although probably assignable to Anomalocrinus Meek and Worthen, 1865, the aberrant crinoid Glaucocrinus falconeri Parks and Alcock, 1912, and its genus Glaucocrinus Parks and Alcock, 1912, are designated as nomena dubia; (4) Iocrinus similis (Billings, 1857) is also designated as a nomen dubium; and (5) Iocrinus subcrassus torontoensis Fritz, 1925 is designated a junior synonym of I. subcrassus Meek and Worthen, 1865.UUID: http://zoobank.org/90f8580b-ed7e-4405-97b2-73c9069de7f5
A new, diminutive species ofCatopsalis(Mammalia, Multituberculata, Taeniolabidoidea) from the early Paleocene of southwestern Alberta, Canada
Authors: Scott Craig S. , Weil Anne , Theodor Jessica M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMultituberculates were among the most taxonomically diverse mammals of the early Paleocene, having survived the catastrophic Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction and radiating soon thereafter. Although their evolution during the early Paleocene saw the advent of increasingly specialized dentitions, multituberculates generally remained small, rarely exceeding body sizes greater than those of extant rabbits. A conspicuous exception is the Taeniolabidoidea, a primarily North American clade whose members include the largest multituberculates yet discovered. Taeniolabidoidea includes several genera, with one of these,Catopsalis, being speciose and geographically wide ranging. Until recently, the chronological succession ofCatopsalisappeared to document a trend of increasing body size. We report here on a new species ofCatopsalisfrom the early Paleocene of Alberta that violates this trend and suggests that the evolutionary history ofCatopsalisis considerably more complex.Catopsalis kakwanew species is not only the smallest species ofCatopsalis, but is the smallest taeniolabidoid so far discovered, with an estimated body mass between 400 g and 660 g. In contrast to previous studies, we used recently proposed regressions based on lower cheek tooth row length to estimate body masses for North American taeniolabidoids. Our results propose more modest body mass estimates, particularly for the largest taeniolabidoids. The occurrence ofC.kakwan. sp. in the late early Paleocene implies either a significant ghost lineage, or reversal of several characters, including body size, during the latter part of the early Paleocene; the more likely of these scenarios must await a better understanding of the phylogenetic position ofC.kakwan. sp.UUID:http://zoobank.org/66d85345-49b8-4a46-ba6e-a4d4369cb3e0urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AF7A5659-9068-4F2F-A6EC-5522A2BBA4CB
ON THE GROUP OF SEPARABLE QUADRATIC ALGEBRAS AND STACKS
Authors: PIRASHVILI ILIA 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study the group of isomorphism classes of torsors of finite flat group schemes of rank 2 over a commutative ring R. This, in particular, generalizes the group of quadratic algebras (free or projective), which is especially well studied. Our approach, however, yields new results even in this case.
Dostoevsky and Education through Punishment
Authors: Barker Chris 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn an important 1984 paper, “The Moral Education Theory of Punishment,” Jean Hampton argues that the practice of inflicting painful criminal punishments is justified only if punishment is morally educative. Hampton's suggestion forms the point of departure for this article on Dostoevsky'sCrime and Punishment. I show that Dostoevsky agrees with Hampton that punishment should aim at moral reform; however, Dostoevsky presents no evidence that self-punishment or legal punishment reliably cultivates respect for law, legal authority, oneself, or others as moral agents. Instead, Dostoevsky's post-Siberian writings are highly critical of Russian criminal justice, and emphasize that moral education comes through dialogue, reflection, and criticism. This highly individualized treatment may be experienced as painful, but it does not have to result from, and it may even be impeded by, legal “hard treatment.”
Sliding mode collision-free navigation for quadrotors using monocular vision
Authors: Mercado Diego , Castillo Pedro , Lozano Rogelio 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYSafe and accurate navigation for autonomous trajectory tracking of quadrotors using monocular vision is addressed in this paper. A second order Sliding Mode (2-SM) control algorithm is used to track desired trajectories, providing robustness against model uncertainties and external perturbations. The time-scale separation of the translational and rotational dynamics allows to design position controllers by giving a desired reference in roll and pitch angles, which is suitable for practical validation in quad-rotors equipped with an internal attitude controller. A Lyapunov based analysis proved the closed-loop stability of the system despite the presence of unknown external perturbations. Monocular vision fused with inertial measurements are used to estimate the vehicle's pose with respect to unstructured scenes. In addition, the distance to potential collisions is detected and computed using the sparse depth map coming also from the vision algorithm. The proposed strategy is successfully tested in real-time experiments, using a low-cost commercial quadrotor.
Completed tensor products and a global approach to p-adic analytic differential operators
Authors: BODE ANDREAS 
Published: June 2018

AbstractArdakov-Wadsley defined the sheaf $\wideparen{\Ncal{D}}$X of p-adic analytic differential operators on a smooth rigid analytic variety by restricting to the case where X is affinoid and the tangent sheaf admits a smooth Lie lattice. We generalise their results by dropping the assumption of a smooth Lie lattice throughout, which allows us to describe the sections of $\wideparen{\Ncal{D}}$ for arbitrary affinoid subdomains and not just on a suitable base of the topology. The structural results concerning $\wideparen{\Ncal{D}}$ and coadmissible $\wideparen{\Ncal{D}}$-modules can then be generalised in a natural way.The main ingredient for our proofs is a study of completed tensor products over normed K-algebras, for K a discretely valued field of mixed characteristic. Given a normed right module U over a normed K-algebra A, we provide several exactness criteria for the functor $U\widehat{\otimes}_A$ - applied to complexes of strict morphisms, including a necessary and sufficient condition in the case of short exact sequences.
The Low‐Temperature Besnus Magnetic Transition: Signals Due to Monoclinic and Hexagonal Pyrrhotite
Authors: Horng Chorng‐Shern , Roberts Andrew P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe low‐temperature magnetic properties of the many pyrrhotite varieties have not been studied extensively. Monoclinic pyrrhotite (Fe7S8) goes through the Besnus transition at ~30–34 K, which is used widely to diagnose its presence in bulk samples. Other pyrrhotite polytypes are assumed to be antiferromagnetic, although it has been suggested occasionally that some may also have remanence‐carrying capabilities. Here we compare the magnetic properties of monoclinic (4M) and hexagonal (3T) pyrrhotite at low temperatures. The 4M pyrrhotite records a Besnus transition consistently. Despite not recording a Besnus transition, 3T pyrrhotite has a magnetic remanence at room temperature and has distinctive room‐ and low‐temperature magnetic properties that cannot be explained by known or unidentified impurities (with abundances <0.1%). Some 3T‐pyrrhotite samples have exceptionally high (>700 mT) and stable coercivities below 50 K. The importance of this mineral in fossil or active gas hydrate and methane venting environments makes it important to develop a more detailed understanding of its occurrences and magnetic properties.
Salinity Effects on Pore‐Scale Methane Gas Hydrate Dissociation
Authors: Almenningen Stian , Iden Eirik , Fernø Martin A. , Ersland Geir 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMethane gas hydrate may become a significant source of methane gas in the global energy mix for the next decades. The widespread distribution of methane gas hydrate, primarily in subsea sediments on continental margins, makes the crystalline compound attractive for countries with shorelines that seek self‐sustainable energy. Fundamental understanding of pore‐level methane gas hydrate distribution and dissociation pattern in reservoirs is important to anticipate the methane production rate and overall efficiency. Specifically, the local salinity gradients occurring during methane gas hydrate dissociation, and its impact on local dissociation characteristics, must be understood as the aqueous phase in most reservoirs is saline. We experimentally evaluate the salinity effect on methane gas hydrate dissociation using high‐pressure silicon‐wafer micromodels with realistic sandstone grain characteristics. Methane gas hydrate was formed for a range of brine salinities (0–5 wt% NaCl), and we report variations in dissociation patterns during depressurization and thermal stimulation as a function of brine salinity. A strong correlation between initial methane gas hydrate distribution and dissociation characteristic, and subsequent release and mobilization of methane gas, was observed. Local water salinities affected the methane gas hydrate structure leading to distinct dissociation patterns of self‐preservation due to water freshening.
A Model Ensemble for Projecting Multidecadal Coastal Cliff Retreat During the 21st Century
Authors: Limber Patrick W. , Barnard Patrick L. , Vitousek Sean , Erikson Li H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSea cliff retreat rates are expected to accelerate with rising sea levels during the 21st century. Here we develop an approach for a multimodel ensemble that efficiently projects time‐averaged sea cliff retreat over multidecadal time scales and large (>50 km) spatial scales. The ensemble consists of five simple 1‐D models adapted from the literature that relate sea cliff retreat to wave impacts, sea level rise (SLR), historical cliff behavior, and cross‐shore profile geometry. Ensemble predictions are based on Monte Carlo simulations of each individual model, which account for the uncertainty of model parameters. The consensus of the individual models also weights uncertainty, such that uncertainty is greater when predictions from different models do not agree. A calibrated, but unvalidated, ensemble was applied to the 475‐km‐long coastline of Southern California (USA), with four SLR scenarios of 0.5, 0.93, 1.5, and 2 m by 2100. Results suggest that future retreat rates could increase relative to mean historical rates by more than twofold for the higher SLR scenarios, causing an average total land loss of 19–41 m by 2100. However, model uncertainty ranges from ±5 to 15 m, reflecting the inherent difficulties of projecting cliff retreat over multiple decades. To enhance ensemble performance, future work could include weighting each model by its skill in matching observations in different morphological settings.
Distinct Thresholds for the Initiation and Cessation of Aeolian Saltation From Field Measurements
Authors: Martin Raleigh L. , Kok Jasper F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWind‐blown sand and dust models depend sensitively on the threshold wind stress. However, laboratory and numerical experiments suggest the coexistence of distinct fluid and impact thresholds for the initiation and cessation of aeolian saltation, respectively. Because aeolian transport models typically use only a single threshold, existence of separate higher fluid and lower impact thresholds complicates the prediction of wind‐driven transport. Here we extend the statistical Time Frequency Equivalence Method to derive the first field‐based estimates of distinct fluid and impact thresholds from high‐frequency wind and saltation measurements at three field sites. Our measurements show that when saltation is mostly inactive, its instantaneous occurrence is governed primarily by wind exceedance of the fluid threshold. As saltation activity increases, so too does the relative importance of the impact threshold, until it dominates under near‐continuous transport conditions. Although both thresholds are thus important for high‐frequency saltation prediction, our results suggest that the time‐averaged saltation flux is primarily governed by the impact threshold.
Additional Intensification of Seasonal Heat and Flooding Extreme Over China in a 2°C Warmer World Compared to 1.5°C
Authors: Lin Lei , Wang Zhili , Xu Yangyang , Zhang Xiaoye , Zhang Hua , Dong Wenjie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Paris Agreement commits to stabilizing global mean surface warming to below 2°C (above preindustrial levels) and strives to limit it to 1.5°C to mitigate the risks of anthropogenic climate change. This study explores the impacts of stabilized 1.5°C and 2°C warming in the late 21st century on seasonal climate extremes over China by using a set of coupled Earth system model simulations explicitly targeting these warming levels. Our results show that global warming levels of 1.5°C and 2°C will lead to increases in surface air temperature (precipitation) averaged over China of 1.3°C and 1.9°C (11.6% and 13.3%), respectively, compared to 1976–2005. Climate extremes over China will become more frequent in a warmer world. Relative to the 1976–2005, the frequency of events similar to the 2013 extreme hot summer in eastern China and extreme flooding during the summer of 2010 in southeastern China will increase by 16 or 33 times and 2 or 3 times, respectively, given a global temperature increase of 1.5°C or 2°C. In particular, events similar to the 2013 extreme hot summer will occur almost yearly in a 2°C warmer world. The likelihood of an event similar to the 2014 extreme hot spring in northeastern China will increase to 8% or 20% in a 1.5°C or 2°C warmer world, whereas such events were rare during 1976–2005. Given these dangerous consequences, we conclude that there are discernible benefits for China to contribute to the global decarbonization effort to limit global warming to below 1.5°C rather than 2°C.