bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ristocetin in the Diagnosis of von Willebrand’s Disease: A Comparison of Rate and Percent of Aggregation with Levels of the Plasma Factor(s) Necessary for Ristocetin Aggregation
Authors: Dowling S. V , Muntz R. H , D’Souza S , Ekert H 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPercent aggregation and the aggregation rate of platelet rich plasma (PRP) in response to ristocetin (1.75 mg/ml) were measured in 20 normals and 16 patients with von Willebrand’s disease (vWd), with and without the addition of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Percent aggregation did not clearly distinguish between normals and patients with vWd. Aggregation rate was normal in only 2 of 16 patients, and after incubation of PRP with ASA 1 of these 2 remained normal.The corrective effect of dilutions of platelet poor plasma (PPP) on the ristocetin response of washed platelets (von Willebrand’s factor, vWf ) was measured in 21 normals and 12 patients with vWd. All patients with vWd had abnormal levels. There was a significant correlation between aggregation rate and vWf in patients with vWd but not in normals. Both tests appear to measure closely related defects, and the aggregation rate is as specific as the vWf level for the diagnosis of clinically affected patients.
Clinical Observations and their Relationship to Laboratory Findings in the Haemophilias
Authors: Rainsford S. G , Hall Angela 
Published: July 2018

SummaryContinuous observations in school terms have been made on the frequency of spontaneous bleeding episodes in a group of adolescent boys suffering from haemophilia (39 cases), Christmas disease (9 cases), and von Willebrand’s disease (2 cases). The observations suggest that in haemophilia other factors, besides the deficient factor VIII, affect the bleeding frequency. In the two boys with von Willebrand’s disease, the lower level of factor VIII was associated with the milder symptoms; whereas in boys with Christmas disease clinical severity and laboratory results seemed to be correlated.
Clinical and Genetic Aspects of Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia in Israel
Authors: Reichert Nira , Seligsohn Uri , Ramot Bracha 
Published: July 2018

SummaryTwenty two patients (12 males and 10 females) from all over Israel fulfilled the ‘Criteria for establishing the diagnosis of Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia. All have been observed to have a severe bleeding tendency since infancy or early childhood. In 8 out of 10 adult patients (7 females and 3 males) the bleeding manifestations have persisted over the years. In 2 adult patients major surgery was performed under platelet transfusions which appeared to prevent excessive bleeding. Pedigree analysis was possible for 21 patients who belong to 13 unrelated kindreds. Twelve kindreds are Jewish and one is Arab. Eleven of the 12 Jewish kindreds belong to the Iraqi Jewish community. Analysis of 16 sibships disclosed a corrected segregation ratio of 0.2, which is compatible with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. No bleeding manifestation whatsoever were observed in 30 obligatory carriers of thrombasthenia, and the haemostatic functions tested in 12 of them were entirely normal.
Identification of a new subset of lymph node stromal cells involved in regulating plasma cell homeostasis
Authors: Huang Hsin-Ying , Rivas-Caicedo Ana , Renevey François , Cannelle Hélène , Peranzoni Elisa , Scarpellino Leonardo , Hardie Debbie L. , Pommier Arnaud , Schaeuble Karin , Favre Stéphanie , Vogt Tobias K. , Arenzana-Seisdedos Fernando , Schneider Pascal , Buckley Christopher D. , Donnadieu Emmanuel , Luther Sanjiv A. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Lymph nodes (LNs) are sites where adaptive immunity is initiated, leading to the generation of plasma cells (PCs) secreting large amounts of antibodies that typically interfere with pathogen spread. PCs are known to depend on extrinsic factors provided by niche cells to stay alive; however, the critical niche cells are still poorly understood. Here we present evidence for a fibroblast subset within murine and human LNs that is unique to the medulla where PCs reside. These fibroblasts produce factors that positively regulate PC homeostasis, similar to macrophages. Knowing the critical niche cells may help to design intervention strategies to target this niche in the setting of autoimmune disease caused by PCs secreting autoreactive antibodies.
Lifelong CMV infection improves immune defense in old mice by broadening the mobilized TCR repertoire against third-party infection
Authors: Smithey Megan J. , Venturi Vanessa , Davenport Miles P. , Buntzman Adam S. , Vincent Benjamin G. , Frelinger Jeffrey A. , Nikolich-Žugich Janko 
Published: July 2018

SignificanceEpidemiological studies have shown a correlation between CMV infection and immune system aging, especially in elderly populations. It remains unclear whether CMV infection is a key driver of, or simply a factor associated with, aging of the immune system. We show that aging in the presence of lifelong CMV infection improves T cell immunity in old animals by broadening the immune response to a different pathogen. Animals that have aged with CMV are able to recruit novel T cells into these immune responses that are present in, but not utilized in, animals aging without CMV. These data squarely challenge the premise that CMV is solely detrimental to the aging of the adaptive immune system.
Host quality induces phenotypic plasticity in a wing polyphenic insect
Authors: Lin Xinda , Xu Yili , Jiang Jianru , Lavine Mark , Lavine Laura Corley 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Variation in food nutrient content and density are key ecological factors linked to the expression of condition-dependent, adaptive phenotypes such as wing polyphenisms. There is very little known about exactly what the ecological cue is that induces the appropriate insect phenotype in wing polyphenic insects. Our study reveals that glucose concentration of the host plant and insect density directly influence the development of brown planthoppers into either the long-winged migratory morph or the short-winged reproductive morph. This study is a step in linking host quality signals and other factors such as density to the induction of adaptive phenotypes in insects.
Plant height and hydraulic vulnerability to drought and cold
Authors: Olson Mark E. , Soriano Diana , Rosell Julieta A. , Anfodillo Tommaso , Donoghue Michael J. , Edwards Erika J. , León-Gómez Calixto , Dawson Todd , Camarero Martínez J. Julio , Castorena Matiss , Echeverría Alberto , Espinosa Carlos I. , Fajardo Alex , Gazol Antonio , Isnard Sandrine , Lima Rivete S. , Marcati Carmen R. , Méndez-Alonzo Rodrigo 
Published: July 2018

SignificanceAs trees worldwide experience mortality or dieback with increasing drought and low tundras grow taller with warming, understanding the link between plant height and climate is increasingly important. We show that taller plants have predictably wider water-conducting conduits, and that wider conduits within species are more vulnerable to conduction-blocking embolisms. These two observations suggest that tall plants in formerly moist areas die because their wide conduits are excessively vulnerable under novel drought conditions. Also, the cold that limits conduit diameter, and therefore height, in tundra plants is relaxed under warming, permitting wider conduits and taller plants. That plant height appears linked to climate via plant hydraulics helps explain why vegetation height differs across biomes and is altering with climate change.
Ancient human parvovirus B19 in Eurasia reveals its long-term association with humans
Authors: Mühlemann Barbara , Margaryan Ashot , Damgaard Peter de Barros , Allentoft Morten E. , Vinner Lasse , Hansen Anders J. , Weber Andrzej , Bazaliiskii Vladimir I. , Molak Martyna , Arneborg Jette , Bogdanowicz Wieslaw , Falys Ceri , Sablin Mikhail , Smrčka Václav , Sten Sabine , Tashbaeva Kadicha , Lynnerup Niels , Sikora Martin , Smith Derek J. , Fouchier Ron A. M. , Drosten Christian , Sjögren Karl-Göran , Kristiansen Kristian , Willerslev Eske , Jones Terry C. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
The majority of viral genomic sequences available today are fewer than 50 years old. Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a ubiquitous human pathogen causing fifth disease in children, as well as other conditions. By isolating B19V DNA from human remains between ∼0.5 and 6.9 thousand years old, we show that B19V has been associated with humans for thousands of years, which is significantly longer than previously thought. We also show that the virus has been evolving at a rate an order of magnitude lower than estimated previously. Access to viral sequences isolated from individuals living thousands of years ago greatly improves our understanding of the timescales of virus evolution, spatiotemporal distribution, and their substitution rates, and can uncover genetic diversity that is now extinct.
Antimalarial proteasome inhibitor reveals collateral sensitivity from intersubunit interactions and fitness cost of resistance
Authors: Kirkman Laura A. , Zhan Wenhu , Visone Joseph , Dziedziech Alexis , Singh Pradeep K. , Fan Hao , Tong Xinran , Bruzual Igor , Hara Ryoma , Kawasaki Masanori , Imaeda Toshihiro , Okamoto Rei , Sato Kenjiro , Michino Mayako , Alvaro Elena Fernandez , Guiang Liselle F. , Sanz Laura , Mota Daniel J. , Govindasamy Kavitha , Wang Rong , Ling Yan , Tumwebaze Patrick K. , Sukenick George , Shi Lei , Vendome Jeremie , Bhanot Purnima , Rosenthal Philip J. , Aso Kazuyoshi , Foley Michael A. , Cooper Roland A. , Kafsack Bjorn , Doggett J. Stone , Nathan Carl F. , Lin Gang 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Protozoal proteasome is a validated target for antimalarial drug development, but species selectivity of reported inhibitors is suboptimal. Here we identify inhibitors with improved selectivity for malaria proteasome β5 subunit over each active subunit of human proteasomes. These compounds kill the parasite in each stage of its life cycle. They interact synergistically with a β2 inhibitor and with artemisinin. Resistance to the β5 inhibitor arose through a point mutation in the nonproteolytic β6 subunit. The same mutation made the mutant strain more sensitive to a β2 inhibitor and less fit to withstand irradiation. These findings reveal complex interplay among proteasome subunits and introduce the prospect that combined inhibition of β2 and β5 subunits can afford synergy and thwart resistance.
Molecular profiling of reticular gigantocellularis neurons indicates that eNOS modulates environmentally dependent levels of arousal
Authors: Tabansky Inna , Liang Yupu , Frankfurt Maya , Daniels Martin A. , Harrigan Matthew , Stern Sarah , Milner Teresa A. , Leshan Rebecca , Rama Rrezarta , Moll Tabea , Friedman Jeffrey M. , Stern Joel N. H. , Pfaff Donald W. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Certain large neurons deep in the brainstem, in the nucleus gigantocellularis (NGC), are crucial for waking up the brain from deep sleep, anesthesia, or injury. NGC neurons, which project axons to central thalamus, should be especially important because central thalamic stimulation heightens CNS arousal in animals and in human patients. We have used the retroTRAP technique to discover mRNAs enriched in such NGC neurons. One mRNA, for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), is uniquely expressed. By experiments both on the environmental/sensory side and with respect to motoric regulation, endothelial nitric oxide expression is shown to be functionally important. Five independent lines of evidence indicate that these eNOS neurons have a significant relation with their blood supply.
Othering the West in the online Jihadist propaganda magazines Inspire and Dabiq
Authors: Lorenzo-Dus Nuria , Macdonald Stuart 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper examines how the jihadist terrorist groups Al Qaeda and the so-called Islamic State discursively construct ‘the West’ as an alien, aberrant ‘other’ in their respective online propaganda magazines Inspire and Dabiq over a 5 year period (2010–2015). The analysis integrates insights from the field of Terrorism Studies into a Corpus Assisted Discourse Studies approach, working centrally with the notions of othering and conventionalised impoliteness. Our findings reveal not only that othering is a key discursive process in the groups’ online propaganda machinery but that it is discursively realised via homogenisation, suppression (stereotyping) and pejoration strategies. The latter are further examined via the notion of conventional impoliteness. Pointed criticism emerges as the most frequent conventionalised impoliteness strategy in both magazines. Threats, condescension and exclusion strategies are also saliently used, albeit with different relative frequencies within each magazine. The findings show the value of Discourse Analysis to research into (jihadist) terrorism, including the possibility of drawing upon its findings to develop tailored counter-messages to those advanced by (jihadist) terrorist groups.
Transsexual Attractions and Sexual Reassignment Surgery: Risks and Potential Risks
Authors: Fitzgibbons Richard P. 
Published: July 2018

Transsexual issues and sexual reassignment surgery (SRS) are receiving a great deal of attention and support in the media, schools, and government. Given the early age at which youth seek treatment for transsexual attractions (TSA) and gender dysphoria and given the serious risks associated with such treatment, it is essential that family and youth be advised about these risks and alternative treatment options. Physicians and mental-health professionals have a professional responsibility to know and communicate the serious risks, in particular risk of suicide, that are associated with SRS; the spontaneous resolution of TSA in youth; the psychological conflicts that have been identified in such patients and in their parents; the successful treatment of conflicts associated TSA and the regrets of those who have been through SRS. SRS and gender theory are also viewed from the faith perspective of Pope Francis and Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI. Lay summary: Transsexuals and sex-change operations are receiving a great deal of attention. Young people may seek treatment for transsexual attractions at an early age even though these attractions may go away on their own. Psychological conflicts have been identified in these patients and their parents and may be successfully treated. There are serious risks associated with sex change. They include the risk of depressive illness and suicide. Physicians and mental-health professionals should know these risks and the regrets of those who have been through sex-change operations. These patients and their families also should be informed of other treatment options.
Predicting radial-velocity jitter induced by stellar oscillations based on Kepler data
Authors: Yu Jie , Huber Daniel , Bedding Timothy R , Stello Dennis 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Radial-velocity jitter due to intrinsic stellar variability introduces challenges when characterizing exoplanet systems, particularly when studying small (sub-Neptune-sized) planets orbiting solar-type stars. In this letter we predicted for dwarfs and giants the jitter due to stellar oscillations, which in velocity have much larger amplitudes than noise introduced by granulation. We then fitted the jitter in terms of the following sets of stellar parameters: (1) Luminosity, mass, and effective temperature: the fit returns precisions (i.e. standard deviations of fractional residuals) of 17.9  and 27.1  per  cent for dwarfs and giants, respectively. (2) Luminosity, effective temperature, and surface gravity: the precisions are the same as using the previous parameter set. (3) Surface gravity and effective temperature: we obtain a precision of 22.6  per  cent for dwarfs and 27.1  per  cent for giants. (4) Luminosity and effective temperature: the precision is 47.8  per  cent for dwarfs and 27.5  per  cent for giants. Our method will be valuable for anticipating the radial-velocity stellar noise level of exoplanet host stars to be found by the TESS and PLATO space missions, and thus can be useful for their follow-up spectroscopic observations. We provide publicly available code (https://github.com/Jieyu126/Jitter) to set a prior for the jitter term as a component when modelling the Keplerian orbits of the exoplanets.
Circadian variation in pulmonary inflammatory responses is independent of rhythmic glucocorticoid signaling in airway epithelial cells
Authors: Ince Louise M. , Zhang Zhenguang , Beesley Stephen , Vonslow Ryan M. , Saer Ben R. , Matthews Laura C. , Begley Nicola , Gibbs Julie E. , Ray W. David , Loudon S. I. Andrew 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe circadian clock is a critical regulator of immune function. We recently highlighted a role for the circadian clock in a mouse model of pulmonary inflammation. The epithelial clock protein Bmal1 was required to regulate neutrophil recruitment in response to inflammatory challenge. Bmal1 regulated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) recruitment to the neutrophil chemokine, CXC chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5), providing a candidate mechanism. We now show that clock control of pulmonary neutrophilia persists without rhythmic glucocorticoid availability. Epithelial GR‐null mice had elevated expression of proinflammatory chemokines in the lung under homeostatic conditions. However, deletion of GR in the bronchial epithelium blocked rhythmic CXCL5 production, identifying GR as required to confer circadian control to CXCL5. Surprisingly, rhythmic pulmonary neutrophilia persisted, despite nonrhythmic CXCL5 responses, indicating additional circadian control mechanisms. Deletion of GR in myeloid cells alone did not prevent circadian variation in pulmonary neutrophilia and showed reduced neutrophilic inflammation in response to dexamethasone treatment. These new data show GR is required to confer circadian control to some inflammatory chemokines, but that this alone is insufficient to prevent circadian control of neutrophilic inflammation in response to inhaled LPS, with additional control mechanisms arising in the myeloid cell lineage.—Ince, L. M., Zhang, Z., Beesley, S., Vonslow, R. M., Saer, B. R., Matthews, L. C., Begley, N., Gibbs, J. E., Ray, D. W., Loudon, A. S. I. Circadian variation in pulmonary inflammatory responses is independent of rhythmic glucocorticoid signaling in airway epithelial cells. FASEB J. 33, 126–139 (2019).www.fasebj.org
Dexmedetomidine Preconditioning Ameliorates Inflammation and Blood–Spinal Cord Barrier Damage After Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Down-Regulation High Mobility Group Box 1-Toll-Like Receptor 4-Nuclear Factor κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Jiao , Zhang Shuangshuang , Fan Xiaona , Yuan Fen , Dai Jun , Hu Ji 
Published: July 2018

Study Design.
To evaluate the effect of Dexmedetomidine (Dex) on the inflammatory response and the integrity of blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI).

Objective.
To investigate the role of Dex in spinal cord I/R, particularly in the high mobility group box 1-toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor κB (HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB) pathway and the integrity of BSCB.

Summary of Background Data.
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been identified as a key mediator for the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury. Toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling pathway is the downstream of HMGB1. Dex preconditioning could protect the spinal cord from I/R injury by inhibiting HMGB1 and stabilizing the integrity of BSCB. But its underlying mechanism is not fully understood.

Methods.
Forty-eight male Japanese white rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups (16 rabbits/group): sham, I/R, and Dex + I/R. The hind-limb motor function was assessed at 12 hours intervals for 48 hours after reperfusion using the modified Tarlov scale score. The expression of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. The permeability of BSCB was examined via Evans blue (EB) extravasation.

Results.
Compared with sham group, spinal cord I/R increased the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB, and TNF-α as well as the permeability of BSCB (P < 0.05). Spinal cord I/R induced the decline of the score of hind-limb motor function (P < 0.01). Preconditioning with Dex attenuated the up-regulation of the express of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB, TNF-α, and stabilized the permeability of BSCB (P < 0.05). Dex preconditioning also improved the hiatopathological outcome and the motor function (P < 0.01).

Conclusion.
Dex preconditioning may inhibit the inflammatory response and stabilize the integrity of BSCB at least partially by inhibiting the HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway to protect spinal cord from ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Level of Evidence: 2
The impact of the built environment on health behaviours and disease transmission in social systems
Authors: Pinter-Wollman Noa , Jelić Andrea , Wells Nancy M. 
Published: July 2018

The environment plays an important role in disease dynamics and in determining the health of individuals. Specifically, the built environment has a large impact on the prevention and containment of both chronic and infectious disease in humans and in non-human animals. The effects of the built environment on health can be direct, for example, by influencing environmental quality, or indirect by influencing behaviours that impact disease transmission and health. Furthermore, these impacts can happen at many scales, from the individual to the society, and from the design of the plates we eat from to the design of cities. In this paper, we review the ways that the built environment affects both the prevention and the containment of chronic and infectious disease. We bring examples from both human and animal societies and attempt to identify parallels and gaps between the study of humans and animals that can be capitalized on to advance the scope and perspective of research in each respective field. By consolidating this literature, we hope to highlight the importance of built structures in determining the complex dynamics of disease and in impacting the health behaviours of both humans and animals.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Interdisciplinary approaches for uncovering the impacts of architecture on collective behaviour’.