bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potencial hidrogeniônico da água e sua influência no organismo humano: um artigo de revisão
Authors: Nogueira-de-Almeida Carlos , Filho Durval 
Published: October 2018

Introdução Há um conceito disseminado de que o pH dos alimentos tem relação direta com o aparecimento e a progressão de doenças crônicas como osteoporose, câncer, doenças cardiovasculares entre outras e águas com pH ácido também contribuiriam para esse cenário.
Objetivos Sistematizar o conhecimento científico produzido acerca do potencial hidrogeniônico da água e sua relação com o funcionamento do organismo humano.
Métodos Revisão nas bases de dados Medline/Pubmed e Environmental Engineering Abstracts (Proquest), entre os meses de abril e maio de 2018. Utilizaram-se os seguintes descritores: acidez da água, alcalinidade da água, características físico-químicas da água, água alcalina, água ácida. Foram incluídos artigos publicados em português e inglês.
Conclusões Os benefícios à saúde alegados em relação à água alcalina não estão relacionados diretamente ao pH da água e sim ao seu teor elevado de bicarbonato, acima de 2 g por litro. Entretanto as diferenças relativas das populações estudadas e ao conteúdo das intervenções dificultam a generalização dos resultados obtidos.
Total Intravenous Anesthesia in Neurosurgery
Authors: Kannabiran Narmadhalakshmi , Bidkar Prasanna Udupi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn recent years, neurosurgical anesthesia has been rapidly evolving in the fields of pharmacotherapy and techniques to administer safe anesthesia. Intravenous (IV) anesthetic agents reduce both cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure besides maintaining flow–metabolism coupling in contrast to inhalational agents. In neuroanesthesia, the technique and choice of drugs directly influence the outcome of the patients. The purpose of this review is to provide the updated information of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in neuroanesthesia. Administration of TIVA using target-controlled infusion technique is emerging as a standard method to administer safe anesthesia in neurosurgical patients. The propofol–remifentanil combination has become very popular due to their favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties for neurosurgery cases. Plasma-effect site concentration monitoring from target TCI devices together with electroencephalogram or bispectral index monitors allows easy titration of anesthetic agents to ensure adequate depth of anesthesia depending upon the nociceptive stimulus. TIVA is associated with smooth induction and rapid emergence with less postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Risk of Maternal Morbidity with Increasing Number of Cesareans
Authors: Wan Leping , Rampersad Roxane , Stout Molly , Macones George , Cahill Alison , Tuuli Methodius , Sondgeroth Kristina 
Published: October 2018

Objective To estimate the risk of perioperative morbidity with increasing number of cesareans.
Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2004 to 2010. Patients delivered by cesarean were included. Outcome measures were a composite organ injury (bowel or bladder), hysterectomy, hemorrhage requiring transfusion, severe morbidity, or surgical site complications. The Cochran–Armitage's test of trend was used to assess increasing incidence of each morbidity with number of prior cesareans. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted risks for each morbidity with increasing number of cesareans compared with primary cesarean.
Results Of the 15,872 women in the cohort, 5,144 had cesarean delivery: 3,113 primary, 1,310 one prior, 510 two prior, and 211 three or more prior cesareans. There was a significant increase in organ injury, hysterectomy, and surgical site complications with increasing number of cesareans. In multivariable analysis, the risk of organ injury and hysterectomy was increased compared with primary cesarean after two prior cesareans, and after three or more cesareans for hemorrhage requiring transfusion and surgical site complications.
Conclusion The risks of organ injury and hysterectomy are increased after two or more prior cesareans, and risks of hemorrhage and surgical site complications are increased after three or more cesareans.
Plastic and Orthopaedic Interventions and Long-Term Sequelae in Children with Meningococcal Septicemia—40 Years of Experience at the University Children's Hospital Zurich
Authors: Elrod Julia , Mannhard Doris , Mohr Christoph , Lienert Christine , Hagemann-Gysling Kerstin , Schiestl Clemens , Mazzone Luca 
Published: October 2018

Introduction Meningococcal septicemia is not merely an acute disease with a high lethality, but patients surviving the fulminant phase can suffer from serious long-term sequelae.
Materials and Methods The records of 165 patients admitted to the hospital from 1968 to 2008 with the diagnosis of meningococcal septicemia were retrospectively reviewed for early signs at presentation, intensive care management, acute symptoms, the necessity of plastic and orthopaedic surgical management, and long-term orthopaedic sequelae. Possible predictors of these conditions were determined.
Results Overall lethality was 17.5%, and mean time of hospitalization time was 28 days. Integument involvement occurred in 45%, often resulting in the necessity of plastic surgical procedures. Young age is a significant indicator or skin involvement. Amputations were necessary in 9% of all cases, affecting the lower extremities more often than the upper extremities. Six percent of all children suffered from long-term orthopaedic sequelae, such as growth retardation and angular deformities, appearing up to 11 years (mean 4.9 years) after onset of the acute disease. The incidence of amputations and long-term orthopaedic sequelae correlated significantly with severity of the disease.
Conclusion Meningococcal septicemia can entail devastating long-term consequences in children surviving the acute phase of the disease. Sequelae may become apparent only years later and cause further damage. To prevent this, a systematic follow-up till adulthood is necessary.
Child Migrant Health: The Role of Pediatric Surgery in the Migrants' Route across Balkan Countries to North-West Europe
Authors: Marjanovic Zoran , Raicevic Maja , Slavkovic Andjelka , Zivanovic Dragoljub , Filipovic Ivan , Bojovic Nikola 
Published: October 2018

Introduction Child migrants are the most vulnerable population, prone to various health conditions due to trauma and the bad living conditions that they experience during their migration. The objective of this study was to determine the pediatric surgical conditions of migrant children treated in our hospital on their way toward North-West Europe.
Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on all admitted migrants in one tertiary and one secondary level hospital from 2016 to 2018. Only migrant children with surgical issues who had been hospitalized or treated in outpatient clinics were included in the study.
Results There were 47 migrants admitted to hospitals and outpatient clinics; 32 from Afghanistan, 11 from Iraq, 1 from Syria, 2 from Iran, and 1 from Algeria. There were 27 boys and 20 girls, average age 7.96 years (range: 3 months–17 years). The average length of hospitalization was 14.1 days (range: 1–48), and average stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) was 7.4 days (range: 1–15). There were 29 migrants treated in outpatient clinics, and 18 were hospitalized. The cause of seeking surgical treatment was trauma in 33 and non-traumatic surgical problems in 14. The most common types of trauma were isolated fractures which occurred in one, followed by isolated head injury in eight. Polytrauma occurred in five. A lethal outcome occurred in one 9-year-old boy from Afghanistan due to severe polytrauma.
Conclusion Trauma, predominantly fractures and head injuries, was the leading cause of morbidity in migrant children treated in these two hospitals.
Comparison of Corticosteroid and Vincristine in Treating Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma and Tufted Angioma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yao Wei , Li Kai , Wang Zuopeng , Pei Jiahao , Liu Xiangqi , Zheng Shan , Dong Kuiran 
Published: October 2018

Objective To evaluate the outcome and safety of corticosteroids and vincristine (VCR) in the treatment of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) and tufted angioma (TA).
Materials and Methods Clinical studies involving corticosteroids and VCR therapies in treating KHE/TA were identified by using PubMed, Cochrane Library, OVID, EBSCO, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases from their establishment date to December 2017. Randomized controlled trials, case–control, or case series with more than five cases were included. The following data were extracted: study sample, demographics, responses rate, recurrence rate, and adverse reactions. Two reviewers completed screening and extraction. Methodological quality was evaluated with quality appraisal tool.
Results A total of 266 studies were found, and 27 studies were finally included in this research; quality of all studies was low. Seven studies with a total of 123 participants, which compared the effect of systemic corticosteroids with that of VCR, were performed for the meta-analysis. The results indicated that the effect of VCR was significantly higher than that of corticosteroids (relative risk [RR] = 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38–3.16). The recurrence rate of VCR (11.1%) was lower than that of corticosteroids (50%), but there was no statistical difference between the two therapies (p = 0.1312). The result of pooled adverse reactions response rate for VCR was 18.2%, significantly lower than that for corticosteroids, which was 52.0%.
Conclusion The present profile shows that VCR is relatively more effective and safer in treating KHE/TA than corticosteroids are. So, we believe VCR could be used as a first-line medication agent in the treatment of KHE/TA.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Postpartum Severe Hypertension in Women with Underlying Chronic Hypertension
Authors: Glover Angelica V. , Tita Alan , Biggio Joseph R. , Anderson Sarah B. , Harper Lorie M. 
Published: October 2018

Objective To determine risk factors and time to diagnosis of postpartum severe hypertension (PHTN) in women with chronic hypertension (CHTN).
Study Design Retrospective cohort of singleton pregnancies with CHTN at a tertiary care center. The primary outcome was PHTN, defined as hypertension ≥160/ ≥ 110 mm Hg during an emergency room (ER) or outpatient visit, or hospitalization within 8 weeks postpartum. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess independent risk factors for PHTN.
Results Two-hundred thirty-five women had CHTN: 30 (12.8%) were diagnosed with PHTN, and 17 (7.2%) were hospitalized or seen in the ER for PHTN. Women with PHTN had more severe superimposed pre-eclampsia (p < 0.05), higher average systolic blood pressures at discharge (141 vs. 135 mm Hg, p = 0.04), and required antihypertensives after delivery (p < 0.01). The number of antihypertensive medications (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25–2.55) and a systolic blood pressure >135 mm Hg (aOR 4.55, 95% CI, 1.64–12.61) at discharge remained independently associated with PHTN. Median time to diagnosis of PHTN was 10 days (interquartile range [IQR] 6–32 days); time to diagnosis among women requiring readmission or ER evaluation was 8 days (IQR 5–11 days).
Conclusion PHTN occurred in 13% of women with CHTN, and was associated with blood pressure level and number of medications at discharge.
Women with a Preterm Cesarean Have High Rates of Successful Trial of Labor in a Subsequent Term Pregnancy
Authors: Rietveld Anna L. , Heestermans Lotte A. P. H. , Kazemier Brenda M. , Teunissen Pim W. , de Groot Christianne J. M. 
Published: October 2018

Objective The rate of cesareans has increased worldwide. Therefore, an increasing number of women has to decide how to deliver in a subsequent pregnancy. Individualized information on risks and success chances is helpful. This study investigates the effect of a preterm cesarean on success of subsequent term trial of labor.
Study Design Ten-year Dutch cohort (2000–2009) of women with one previous cesarean and a subsequent term trial of labor. Subgroups were made based on gestational age at first cesarean delivery (25–28, 28–30, 30–32 and 32–34 weeks) and stratified based the way in which second delivery started. Rates of vaginal deliveries, maternal, and neonatal outcomes were compared with women who had a first-term cesarean (37–43 weeks).
Results Four thousand three-hundred forty-two women delivered by preterm cesarean in the first pregnancy. These women had high rates of successful trial of labor, both after spontaneous onset (86.2–96.2%) and induction (72.8–75.4%). Rates of adverse outcomes were low and similar compared with women with a previous term cesarean.
Conclusion In this 10-year nationwide cohort, women with a preterm first cesarean who opted for trial of labor in a subsequent pregnancy had high rates of successful trial of labor.
Effect of Increasing Malpractice Insurance Cost and Subsequent Practice of Defensive Medicine on Out-of-Hospital Birth Rates in the United States
Authors: Kim Edward Kangsuhp , Fletcher William James , Johnson Clark Timothy 
Published: October 2018

Background Across the United States, the burden of malpractice litigation has influenced obstetricians and obstetric institutions to avoid high-risk patients, favor cesarean delivery, and decrease availability of trial of labor after cesarean. Recently, the United States has experienced an increase in out-of-hospital (OOH) births.
Objective The main purpose of this article is to investigate the association between malpractice insurance premium (MIP) and OOH births in the United States from 2000 to 2014.
Study Design We analyzed changes in OOH birth rates and MIP from 2000 to 2014 using birth data from the National Vital Statistics System and Medical Liability Monitor's annual survey, respectively. The change in OOH birth rates was then compared with the change in MIP.
Results Between 2000 and 2014, there has been approximately 60% increase in MIP from national average of $40,949 to $65,210 (p < 0.05). OOH births increased 57% from 39,398 births to 59,674 births (p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between increase in MIP and increase in OOH births (p < 0.05, R
2 = 0.14).
Conclusion MIP and OOH birth rates have a significantly associated increase from 2000 to 2014. Given that malpractice climate affects other aspects of obstetric practice, we cautiously propose that increasing MIP may be associated with an increase in OOH births.
Climate change causes upslope shifts and mountaintop extirpations in a tropical bird community
Authors: Freeman Benjamin G. , Scholer Micah N. , Ruiz-Gutierrez Viviana , Fitzpatrick John W. 
Published: October 2018

SignificanceGlobal warming is predicted to constitute an “escalator to extinction” for species that live on mountains. This is because species are generally moving to higher elevations as temperatures warm, and species that live only near mountaintops may run out of room. However, there is little evidence that high-elevation populations are disappearing as predicted. Here, we show that recent warming does indeed act as an escalator to extinction for birds that live on a remote Peruvian mountain. High-elevation species have shrunk in range size and declined in abundance, and several previously common species have disappeared. We suggest that high-elevation species in the tropics are particularly vulnerable to climate change.
Role of income mobility for the measurement of inequality in life expectancy
Authors: Kreiner Claus Thustrup , Nielsen Torben Heien , Serena Benjamin Ly 
Published: October 2018

Significance Statement
People in the bottom of the income distribution live shorter lives than those in the top. This is an important dimension of inequality in society. We demonstrate how forces of income mobility are important for conclusions about inequality in life expectancy. Some people escape poverty, and many people at the top of the distribution only have high incomes temporarily. Those moving out of an income class have very different mortality patterns than those staying. We provide a method that incorporates income mobility in calculations of life-expectancy inequality. The good news is that the degree of inequality in life expectancy is only half as big once accounting for income mobility. The bad news is that inequality continues to rise.
Biomolecular archaeology reveals ancient origins of indigenous tobacco smoking in North American Plateau
Authors: Tushingham Shannon , Snyder Charles M. , Brownstein Korey J. , Damitio William J. , Gang David R. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
While tobacco is one of the most heavily consumed (and abused) plant substances of the modern era, with profound global health consequences, its early use remains poorly understood. Here we report a substantial direct biomolecular record of ancient tobacco smoking by hunter-gatherers of interior northwestern North America. Nicotine-positive samples demonstrate deep time continuity of indigenous tobacco smoking in a place where tobacco has been depicted as being introduced by early Euro-American traders and explorers. The spread of domesticated trade tobacco seems to have overtaken and obscured ancient indigenous tobacco practices. The information—represented here by the longest continuous biomolecular record of tobacco use from a single region—informs programs designed to combat persistent commercial tobacco use rates among modern Tribal communities.
“What are you talking about?”
Authors: Northbrook Julian , Conklin Kathy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn a communicative approach to language teaching, students are presented with “authentic” language, which is thought to allow them to produce it in a nativelike way. The current study explores whether the lexical bundles in communicative Japanese junior high school textbooks are representative of conversational English. To do this, we use a corpus-based approach that compares the most frequent lexical bundles in the textbooks to those in an English reference corpus. The study finds that although lexical bundles are very frequent in the textbooks, and conform relatively well to English patterns at shorter lengths (3-word lexical bundles), they deviate considerably at longer ones (4-, 5- and 6-words). This has important implications for the communicative utility of the language in the textbooks.
A quantitative exercise on the mass–luminosity and mass–lifetime relations for main sequence stars in an introductory college astronomy course
Authors: LoPresto Michael C 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
What follows is a description of a simple quantitative exercise developed for students of a general education introductory astronomy course in which they discover for themselves the mass–luminosity and mass–lifetime relations for stars on the main sequence of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. Besides providing a demonstration of two fundamental relationships in stellar astronomy, the exercise also provides an example of the process of scientific experimentation.
Statistical inference of the rate of RNA polymerase II elongation by total RNA sequencing
Authors: Kawamura Yumi , Koyama Shinsuke , Yoshida Ryo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Sequencing total RNA without poly-A selection enables us to obtain a transcriptomic profile of nascent RNAs undergoing transcription with co-transcriptional splicing. In general, the RNA-seq reads exhibit a sawtooth pattern in a gene, which is characterized by a monotonically decreasing gradient across introns in the 5’–3’ direction, and by substantially higher levels of RNA-seq reads present in exonic regions. Such patterns result from the process of underlying transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II, which traverses the DNA strand in a 5’–3’ direction as it performs a complex series of mRNA synthesis and processing. Therefore, data of sequenced total RNAs could be utilized to infer the rate of transcription elongation by solving the inverse problem.

Results
Though solving the inverse problem in total RNA-seq has the great potential, statistical methods have not yet been fully developed. We demonstrate what extent the newly developed method can be useful. The objective is to reconstruct the spatial distribution of transcription elongation rates in a gene from a given noisy, sawtooth-like profile. It is necessary to recover the signal source of the elongation rates separately from several types of nuisance factors, such as unobserved modes of co-transcriptionally occurring mRNA splicing, which exert significant influences on the sawtooth shape. The present method was tested using published total RNA-seq data derived from mouse embryonic stem cells. We investigated the spatial characteristics of the estimated elongation rates, focusing especially on the relation to promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II, nucleosome occupancy and histone modification patterns.

Availability and implementation
A C implementation of PolSter and sample data are available at https://github.com/yoshida-lab/PolSter.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Occurrence and species diversity of human-pathogenic Mucorales in commercial food-stuffs purchased in Paris area
Authors: Mousavi Bita , Botterel Françoise , Costa Jean-Marc , Arné Pascal , Guillot Jacques , Dannaoui Eric 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMucormycoses are life-threatening fungal diseases that affect a variety of patients including those with diabetes mellitus or hematological malignancies. The responsible agents, the Mucorales, are opportunistic pathogens originating from the environment such as soil or decaying organic matter. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and diversity of human-pathogenic species of Mucorales in commercially available foodstuffs in France. All food samples were purchased from January 2014 to May 2015 in France. A total of 159 dried food samples including spices and herbs (n = 68), herbal tea (n = 19), cereals (n = 19), vegetables (n = 14), and other foodstuffs (n = 39) were analyzed. Each strain of Mucorales was identified phenotypically, and molecular identification was performed by ITS sequencing. From the 28 (17.6%) samples that were culture-positive for Mucorales, 30 isolates were recovered. Among the isolates, 13 were identified as Rhizopus arrhizus var. arrhizus, 10 R. arrhizus var. delemar, two Rhizopus microsporus, one Lichtheimia corymbifera, three Lichtheimia ramosa, and one Syncephalastrum racemosum. Culture-positive samples originated from different countries (Europe, Asia) and brands. The samples most frequently contaminated by Mucorales were spices and herbs (19/68, 27.9%), followed by herbal tea (2/19, 10.5%), cereals (2/19, 10.5%), other food products (5/39, 12.8%). The present study showed that human-pathogenic Mucorales were frequently recovered from commercially available foodstuffs in France with a large diversity of species. The potential danger represented by Mucorales present in food for immunocompromised patients should be further analyzed.