bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A sensitive resonance Rayleigh light scattering method for alpinetin using gold nanorods probes
Authors: Bi Shuyun , Sun Xiaoyue , Wang Yu , Wu Jun , Zhou Huifeng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA sensitive resonance Rayleigh light scattering (RLS) assay for alpinetin was developed based on alpinetin‐modified gold nanorods (AuNRs). Alpinetin could interact with AuNRs and formed a new assembly by electrostatic attraction. In pH 7.4 Tris–HCl buffer solution, the assembly of alpinetin–AuNRs showed a sensitive RLS signal. Under optimum conditions, the magnitude of enhanced RLS intensity (ΔIRLS) was proportional to the concentration of alpinetin over the range 0.027–3.24 μg ml−1, with a detection limit of 1.79 ng ml−1 (by 3σ). The developed RLS method was successfully applied to the detection of alpinetin in real or synthesized samples. Alpinetin recoveries were 90.4–108.7% with an RSD of 0.82–2.9% (n = 5) for Alpinia katsumadai samples, and 95.1–103.7% with an RSD of 0.28–3.9% (n = 5) for synthesized samples. The results showed that this new approach was convenient, reliable and sensitive.
Altered resting‐state functional connectivity of the putamen and internal globus pallidus is related to speech impairment in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Manes Jordan L. , Tjaden Kris , Parrish Todd , Simuni Tanya , Roberts Angela , Greenlee Jeremy D. , Corcos Daniel M. , Kurani Ajay S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionSpeech impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is pervasive, with life‐impacting consequences. Yet, little is known about how functional connections between the basal ganglia and cortex relate to PD speech impairment (PDSI). Whole‐brain resting‐state connectivity analyses of basal ganglia nuclei can expand the understanding of PDSI pathophysiology.MethodsResting‐state data from 89 right‐handed subjects were downloaded from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database. Subjects included 12 older healthy controls (“OHC”), 42 PD patients without speech impairment (“PDN”), and 35 PD subjects with speech impairment (“PDSI”). Subjects were assigned to PDN and PDSI groups based on the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) Part III speech item scores (“0” vs. “1–4”). Whole‐brain functional connectivity was calculated for four basal ganglia seeds in each hemisphere: putamen, caudate, external globus pallidus (GPe), and internal globus pallidus (GPi). For each seed region, group‐averaged connectivity maps were compared among OHC, PDN, and PDSI groups using a multivariate ANCOVA controlling for the effects of age and sex. Subsequent planned pairwise t‐tests were performed to determine differences between the three groups using a voxel‐wise threshold of p < 0.001 and cluster‐extent threshold of 272 mm3 (FWE<0.05).ResultsIn comparison with OHCs, both PDN and PDSI groups demonstrated significant differences in cortical connectivity with bilateral putamen, bilateral GPe, and right caudate. Compared to the PDN group, the PDSI subjects demonstrated significant differences in cortical connectivity with left putamen and left GPi. PDSI subjects had lower connectivity between the left putamen and left superior temporal gyrus compared to PDN. In addition, PDSI subjects had greater connectivity between left GPi and three cortical regions: left dorsal premotor/laryngeal motor cortex, left angular gyrus, and right angular gyrus.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that speech impairment in PD is associated with altered cortical connectivity with left putamen and left GPi.
Preoperative administration of eculizumab to prevent surgery‐triggered hemolysis during cesarean section with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Li Dongping , Wang Liangcheng , Horiuchi Isao , Kimura Shun‐ichi , Chikazawa Kenro , Kimura Azusa , Sasaki Shigetane , Kuwata Tomoyuki , Takagi Kenjiro 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical messageEculizumab in pregnancy has been reported to be effective in improving outcomes in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. However, a cesarean section may result in surgery‐triggered hemolysis. An additional dose of eculizumab just prior to delivery is an appropriate choice to prevent postoperative hemolysis.
Postoperative granulomatous peritonitis mimicking abdominal tuberculosis
Authors: Kasper Philipp , Pütz Katharina , Fünger Sarah , Suárez Isabelle , Jung Norma , Alakus Hakan , Bruns Christiane , Rybniker Jan 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageGranulomatous peritonitis represents a rare postoperative complication that should be considered as important differential diagnosis in all patients who present to the hospital with abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness, and fever after abdominal surgery. Clinical distinction from abdominal tuberculosis remains a diagnostic challenge and requires thorough histopathological and microbiological examination.
Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon‐Encapsulated Fe2O3 Nanocomposite as High‐Rate Anode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hou Tianyi , Sun Xiaohong , Xie Dongli , Wang Mingjing , Fan Anran , Chen Yuanyuan , Cai Shu , Zheng Chunming , Hu Wenbin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA mesoporous graphitic carbon‐encapsulated Fe2O3 nanocomposite is synthesized as a superior anode material for sodium‐ion batteries. A threefold strategy is adopted to achieve a high rate performance. First, the mesoporous structure with high specific surface area and large pore volume facilitates the transfer of electrolyte and accommodates the large volume change. Secondly, graphitic carbon encapsulation further improves the electronic conductivity of the nanocomposite. Finally, ultrafine Fe2O3 nanocrystals effectively shorten the Na+ diffusion length. Consequently, this nanocomposite exhibits stable and fast Na+ storage, thus leading to excellent rate capability and cyclability. Pseudocapacitive behavior is found to dominate in the redox reactions, accounting for the outstanding rate and cycling performance. In addition, full cells, assembled with O3‐Na0.9[Cu0.22Fe0.30Mn0.48]O2 as cathodes, present good electrochemical performance.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Direct Oxidative Borylation of C—H Bonds
Authors: Jiang Zhong‐Tao , Wang Bi‐Qin , Shi Zhang‐Jie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOrganoboron is well‐developed and broadly utilized organometallic reagents in organic synthesis due to its extraordinary performances in transition‐metal catalyzed C‐C and C‐X bonds construction. Catalytic C—H borylation and further transformations catalyzed by transition metal catalysts in the absence of oxidants were well studied in decades. However, as known, transition metal catalyzed oxidative C—H borylations were not reviewed up to date. In this article the oxidative borylation of C(sp2)‐H and C(sp3)‐H bonds were summarized and their mechanisms were also accounted.
Clinical study of asbestos‐related lung cancer diagnosed by asbestos medical examination
Authors: Yotsumoto Takuma , Sano Atsushi , Fukuda Tsutomu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimPeople with occupational exposure to asbestos demonstrate a high incidence of lung cancer. Asbestos medical examination for those at risk was implemented as a national policy in Japan. This study aimed to characterize patients with asbestos‐related lung cancer who were diagnosed by these examinations.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated 120 individuals exposed to asbestos who were examined from 2008 to 2016 at our institution. Clinical data, including CT findings and time‐related exposure variables, were evaluated. Each asbestos‐related change was assigned 1 point if present, and the scores were compared between patients with and without asbestos‐related lung cancer using the Mann‐Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test.ResultsFive patients were diagnosed with lung cancer, and four underwent surgical treatment. At the time of writing, three of four operated patients were alive without recurrence, with a similar prognosis to patients with lung cancer unrelated to asbestos. Average scores for asbestos‐related findings on CT Scan were 1.8 (9/5) for patients with lung cancer and 0.79 (91/115) for those without lung cancer.ConclusionPatients with lung cancer had significantly more asbestos‐related changes on CT scan than those without lung cancer. Concurrent calcified plaque and interstitial changes might be a predictor of lung cancer incidence. Although further investigation with a larger study group is needed, regular medical examination and CT scan every 6 months might contribute to the early detection of lung cancer with asbestos‐related changes on CT.
Internal Redox Polarity of an Individual G. sulfurreducens Bacterial Cell Attached to an Inorganic Substrate
Authors: Lebedev Nikolai , Yates Matthew D. , Griva Igor , Tender Leonard M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInvited for this month cover is the work of a multidisciplinary dynamic team from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, consisting of the biophysicist Dr. Nikolai Lebedev, the bioengineer Dr. Matthew Yates, the electrochemist Dr. Leonard Tender and the mathematician Prof. Igor Griva from George Mason University. The image shows how the information about the cell environment is coded inside an individual bacterium and how the researchers can read this code with a Raman microscope. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.201800289.
Environmental responsibility, market valuation, and firm characteristics: Evidence from China
Authors: Hu Junnan , Wang Shujing , Xie Feixue 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUsing a large panel of listed firms in China from 2010 to 2015, this study investigates the valuation effect of corporate environmental responsibility (CER) and firm characteristics that influence such an effect. We implement the ordinary least squares and the fixed effects panel regressions as well as the two‐stage least squares regressions that control for potential endogeneity. We find that CER has a significantly positive effect on firm performance. The positive effect is more pronounced for firms in highly polluting industries, with high asset tangibility and with low state ownership. Furthermore, firms with high ownership concentration and low managerial ownership tend to benefit more from their environmentally responsible activities, suggesting that enhanced environmental engagement may serve as a strategic tool in reducing the negative effects of agency cost and weak corporate governance on firm valuation. Our results are robust to alternative measures of performance (Tobin's Q and return on assets).
Mechanisms influencing the coexistence of multiple consumers and multiple resources: resource and apparent competition
Authors: McPeek Mark A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInteractions among multiple resources and consumers involve two indirect interactions: resource competition among consumers and apparent competition among resources. However, competition among multiple consumers is typically viewed through the lens of direct interactions embodied in the Lotka‐Volterra competition model, which fails to capture the mechanisms of these indirect interactions. In this paper, I analyze various elaborations of MacArthur's and Tilman's original consumer–resource models including more than two species per trophic level, saturating functional responses, and direct intraspecific density dependence within the consumers. First, the simplest model with two resources and two consumers with linear functional responses is analyzed via the structure of the resulting isoclines, and this is reconciled with Tilman's graphical ZNGI/consumption vector approach. With three species at each trophic level even in this simple model, each consumer is not required to have the largest impact on the resource that most limits its growth for multiple consumers to coexist. In fact, a consumer that is an inferior competitor on each resource in isolation may still coexist with superior competitors, and conversely a consumer that is an inferior competitor on each available resource may still be able to drive all other consumers extinct. However, the maximum number of coexisting consumers is set by the number of available resources. Saturating functional responses do not qualitatively alter the conditions for multiple consumers and resources to coexist at a stable point equilibrium but do increase the range of apparent competitive abilities for resources that can invade and coexist. Saturating functional responses also increase the range of dynamics that the community may display (i.e., limit cycles and chaos), which previous analyses have shown can permit more consumer species than resources to coexist. Adding direct intraspecific density dependence in the consumers, either in the form of feeding interference or density‐dependent demographic rates, permit more consumers to coexist than available resources, even at stable point equilibria. Understanding the indirect effects that cascade through a community is essential to predicting community changes and understanding how species at multiple trophic levels coexist, and these indirect effects should not be shrouded behind the curtain of Lotka‐Volterra competition.
Linking resource selection and step selection models for habitat preferences in animals
Authors: Michelot Théo , Blackwell Paul G. , Matthiopoulos Jason 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe two dominant approaches for the analysis of species–habitat associations in animals have been shown to reach divergent conclusions. Models fitted from the viewpoint of an individual (step selection functions), once scaled up, do not agree with models fitted from a population viewpoint (resource selection functions [RSFs]). We explain this fundamental incompatibility, and propose a solution by introducing to the animal movement field a novel use for the well‐known family of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. By design, the step selection rules of MCMC lead to a steady‐state distribution that coincides with a given underlying function: the target distribution. We therefore propose an analogy between the movements of an animal and the movements of an MCMC sampler, to guarantee convergence of the step selection rules to the parameters underlying the population's utilization distribution. We introduce a rejection‐free MCMC algorithm, the local Gibbs sampler, that better resembles real animal movement, and discuss the wide range of biological assumptions that it can accommodate. We illustrate our method with simulations on a known utilization distribution, and show theoretically and empirically that locations simulated from the local Gibbs sampler give rise to the correct RSF. Using simulated data, we demonstrate how this framework can be used to estimate resource selection and movement parameters.
Plant genotypic diversity interacts with predation risk to influence an insect herbivore across its ontogeny
Authors: Wetzel William C. , Aflitto Nicholas C. , Thaler Jennifer S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA growing number of studies have manipulated intraspecific plant diversity and found dramatic changes in the densities of associated insect herbivores and their predators. While these studies have been essential for quantifying the net ecological consequences of intraspecific plant diversity, they have been less effective at uncovering the ways in which plant diversity alters trophic interactions within arthropod communities. We manipulated intraspecific plant diversity and predation risk in the field in a factorial design to reveal how a mixture of plant genotypes changes the response of an herbivorous beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) to a common stink bug predator (Podisus maculiventris). We repeated the manipulations twice across the ontogeny of the beetle to examine how the effects of diversity on the predator–prey interaction differ between larval and adult stages. We found that intraspecific plant diversity, mixtures of susceptible and resistant varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum), reduced larval survival by 20% and adult oviposition by 34%, which surprisingly put survival and oviposition lower in the mixed‐genotype plots than in the resistant monocultures. Moreover, we found that predation risk reduced larval survival 25% and 11% in resistant and susceptible monocultures, respectively, but had no effect in the mixture. This result indicated that our genotypic mixing treatment interacted nonadditively with predation risk such that plant diversity altered the predator–prey interaction by changing the responses of the beetles to their stink bug predators. In addition, even though predation risk reduced larval survival, it increased adult overwintering survival by 9%, independently of plant treatment, suggesting that these interactions change through ontogeny. A key implication of our study is that plant diversity influences arthropod communities not only by changing resource quality, as past studies have suggested, but also by changing interactions between species within the arthropod community.
Effects of altered dry season length and plant inputs on soluble soil carbon
Authors: Homyak Peter M. , Blankinship Joseph C. , Slessarev Eric W. , Schaeffer Sean M. , Manzoni Stefano , Schimel Joshua P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSoil moisture controls microbial activity and soil carbon cycling. Because microbial activity decreases as soils dry, decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) is thought to decrease with increasing drought length. Yet, microbial biomass and a pool of water‐extractable organic carbon (WEOC) can increase as soils dry, perhaps implying microbes may continue to break down SOM even if drought stressed. Here, we test the hypothesis that WEOC increases as soils dry because exoenzymes continue to break down litter, while their products accumulate because they cannot diffuse to microbes. To test this hypothesis, we manipulated field plots by cutting off litter inputs and by irrigating and excluding precipitation inputs to extend or shorten the length of the dry season. We expected that the longer the soils would remain dry, the more WEOC would accumulate in the presence of litter, whereas shortening the length of the dry season, or cutting off litter inputs, would reduce WEOC accumulation. Lastly, we incubated grass roots in the laboratory and measured the concentration of reducing sugars and potential hydrolytic enzyme activities, strictly to understand the mechanisms whereby exoenzymes break down litter over the dry season. As expected, extending dry season length increased WEOC concentrations by 30% above the 108 μg C/g measured in untreated plots, whereas keeping soils moist prevented WEOC from accumulating. Contrary to our hypothesis, excluding plant litter inputs actually increased WEOC concentrations by 40% above the 105 μg C/g measured in plots with plants. Reducing sugars did not accumulate in dry senesced roots in our laboratory incubation. Potential rates of reducing sugar production by hydrolytic enzymes ranged from 0.7 to 10 μmol·g−1·h−1 and far exceeded the rates of reducing sugar accumulation (~0.001 μmol·g−1·h−1). Our observations do not support the hypothesis that exoenzymes continue to break down litter to produce WEOC in dry soils. Instead, we develop the argument that physical processes are more likely to govern short‐term WEOC dynamics via slaking of microaggregates that stabilize SOM and through WEOC redistribution when soils wet up, as well as through less understood effects of drought on the soil mineral matrix.
Social norms are enforced by friends: The effect of relationship closeness on bystanders’ tendency to confront perpetrators of uncivil, immoral, and discriminatory behaviors
Authors: Moisuc Alexandrina , Brauer Markus 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhen witnessing an uncivil, immoral, or discriminatory behavior, bystanders have the opportunity to “speak up” and confront the perpetrator about his/her act. We examined whether the closeness of the relationship between the bystander and the perpetrator affects the bystander's reaction. We asked middle schoolers, high schoolers, and university students (N = 1,386) to indicate how they would react if they were to witness each of 26 uncivil, immoral, or discriminatory behaviors. We experimentally manipulated the relationship to the perpetrator, who was described as a friend, an acquaintance, or a stranger. Results showed that the closer the relationship to the perpetrator the greater the bystander's self‐reported likelihood of “speaking up.” The findings speak to the role of close relationships in the perpetuation of social norms. They also suggest ways to curb anti‐social behaviors in a variety of school and organizational settings.
Insight into thermal dissociation of tri‐n‐octylamine hydrochloride: The key to realizing CO2 mineralization with waste calcium/magnesium chloride liquids
Authors: Dong Chunhua , Song Xingfu , Zhang Jie , Meijer Evert Jan , Chen Hang , Yu Jianguo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA thermal dissociation process (ideally, 100% atom utilization) to regenerate the amine extractant and to produce gaseous HCl which is the key to realizing the CO2 mineralization with metal chloride waste liquids was investigated. Solvent effects on the thermal dissociation of tri‐n‐octylamine hydrochloride (TOAHCl) were predicted to be prominent via analyzing structure parameters, charge distribution, solvation free energy, apparent basicity, and N‐H frequency with the help of molecular simulation and experiments. Inert solvents with low polarity such as decalin, dodecane were favorable in thermal dissociation experiments. In particular, decalin enhanced the dissociation most effectively which is in agreement with the prediction. In dilute solutions, the thermal dissociation kinetics was shown to be first order. The apparent reaction rate (3.0 × 10−4−1.5 × 10−2 min−1) and activation energy (58.219‐121.827 kJ/mol) differ a lot at 180‐190°C in various solvents, confirming a strong solvent effect. A two‐stage reaction scheme in dilute solutions has been proposed from the experimental study. The overall process is entropically driven, with the removal of HCl into gas phase from the solvated state. The work could offer a fundamental direction for the further actual process.
Regime shifts in the multi‐annual evolution of a sandy beach profile
Authors: Kuriyama Yoshiaki , Yanagishima Shinichi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractExtreme storms occasionally induce extraordinarily large morphological changes, which may have major impacts on coastal resilience, tourism and the environment. Some of the changes are persistent, and they are defined as regime shifts. During a 28‐year period from 1986 to 2014, the foreshore and the inner transition zone of the Hasaki coast of Japan underwent four morphological stages separated by regime shifts in beach profiles. From stage 2 to stages 3 and 4, over a relatively short period between 2006 and 2008, the beach profiles in the foreshore and the inner transition zone drastically changed, mainly because of large offshore waves. From stage 2 to stage 3, the foreshore and the inner transition zone were greatly eroded. Then, from stage 3 to stage 4, although the inner transition zone was further eroded, the foreshore underwent accretion. The severe erosion of the inner transition zone over the 2‐year period formed a steep slope, which was inferred to have led to accretion in the foreshore in stage 4. Stage 4 persisted for approximately 7 years, and the beach profile had not returned to a similar morphology to those of stages 1 or 2 by the end of the study period. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.