bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of prenatal exercise on incidence of congenital anomalies and hyperthermia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Davenport Margie H , Yoo Courtney , Mottola Michelle F , Poitras Veronica J , Jaramillo Garcia Alejandra , Gray Casey E , Barrowman Nick , Davies Gregory A , Kathol Amariah , Skow Rachel J , Meah Victoria L , Riske Laurel , Sobierajski Frances , James Marina , Nagpal Taniya S , Marchand Andree-Anne , Slater Linda G , Adamo Kristi B , Barakat Ruben , Ruchat Stephanie-May 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationships between exercise and incidence of congenital anomalies and hyperthermia.DesignSystematic review with random-effects meta-analysis .Data sourcesOnline databases were searched from inception up to 6 January 2017.Study eligibility criteriaStudies of all designs were eligible (except case studies and reviews) if they were published in English, Spanish or French, and contained information on population (pregnant women without contraindication to exercise), intervention (subjective or objective measures of frequency, intensity, duration, volume or type of exercise, alone [“exercise-only”] or in combination with other intervention components [e.g., dietary; “exercise + co-intervention”]), comparator (no exercise or different frequency, intensity, duration, volume or type of exercise) and outcome (maternal temperature and fetal anomalies).ResultsThis systematic review and meta-analysis included ‘very low’ quality evidence from 14 studies (n=78 735) reporting on prenatal exercise and the odds of congenital anomalies, and ‘very low’ to ‘low’ quality evidence from 15 studies (n=447) reporting on maternal temperature response to prenatal exercise. Prenatal exercise did not increase the odds of congenital anomalies (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.95, I2=0%). A small but significant increase in maternal temperature was observed from pre-exercise to both during and immediately after exercise (during: 0.26°C, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.40, I2=70%; following: 0.24°C, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.31, I2=47%).Summary/ConclusionsThese data suggest that moderate-to-vigorous prenatal exercise does not induce hyperthermia or increase the odds of congenital anomalies. However, exercise responses were investigated in most studies after 12 weeks’ gestation when the risk of de novo congenital anomalies is negligible.
Impact of prenatal exercise on maternal harms, labour and delivery outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Davenport Margie H , Ruchat Stephanie-May , Sobierajski Frances , Poitras Veronica J , Gray Casey E , Yoo Courtney , Skow Rachel J , Jaramillo Garcia Alejandra , Barrowman Nick , Meah Victoria L , Nagpal Taniya S , Riske Laurel , James Marina , Nuspl Megan , Weeks Ashley , Marchand Andree-Anne , Slater Linda G , Adamo Kristi B , Davies Gregory A , Barakat Ruben , Mottola Michelle F 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review of the relationships between prenatal exercise and maternal harms including labour/delivery outcomes.DesignSystematic review with random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression.DatasourcesOnline databases were searched up to 6 January 2017.Study eligibility criteriaStudies of all designs were included (except case studies) if they were published in English, Spanish or French and contained information on the population (pregnant women without contraindication to exercise), intervention (subjective or objective measures of frequency, intensity, duration, volume or type of exercise), comparator (no exercise or different frequency, intensity, duration, volume and type of exercise, alone [“exercise-only”] or in combination with other intervention components [e.g., dietary; “exercise + co-intervention”]) and outcome (preterm/prelabour rupture of membranes, caesarean section, instrumental delivery, induction of labour, length of labour, vaginal tears, fatigue, injury, musculoskeletal trauma, maternal harms (author defined) and diastasis recti).Results113 studies (n=52 858 women) were included. ‘Moderate’ quality evidence from exercise-only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) indicated a 24% reduction in the odds of instrumental delivery in women who exercised compared with women who did not (20 RCTs, n=3819; OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.92, I 2= 0 %). The remaining outcomes were not associated with exercise. Results from meta-regression did not identify a dose–response relationship between frequency, intensity, duration or volume of exercise and labour and delivery outcomes.Summary/conclusionsPrenatal exercise reduced the odds of instrumental delivery in the general obstetrical population. There was no relationship between prenatal exercise and preterm/prelabour rupture of membranes, caesarean section, induction of labour, length of labour, vaginal tears, fatigue, injury, musculoskeletal trauma, maternal harms and diastasis recti.
Effects of prenatal exercise on fetal heart rate, umbilical and uterine blood flow: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Skow Rachel J , Davenport Margie H , Mottola Michelle F , Davies Gregory A , Poitras Veronica J , Gray Casey E , Jaramillo Garcia Alejandra , Barrowman Nick , Meah Victoria L , Slater Linda G , Adamo Kristi B , Barakat Ruben , Ruchat Stephanie-May 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the influence of acute and chronic prenatal exercise on fetal heart rate (FHR) and umbilical and uterine blood flow metrics.DesignSystematic review with random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression.Data sourcesOnline databases were searched up to 6 January 2017.Study eligibility criteriaStudies of all designs were included (except case studies) if published in English, Spanish or French, and contained information on the population (pregnant women without contraindication to exercise), intervention (subjective or objective measures of frequency, intensity, duration, volume or type of exercise, alone [“exercise-only”] or in combination with other intervention components [eg, dietary; “exercise + co-intervention”]), comparator (no exercise or different frequency, intensity, duration, volume and type of exercise) and outcomes (FHR, beats per minute (bpm); uterine and umbilical blood flow metrics (systolic:diastolic (S/D) ratio; Pulsatility Index (PI); Resistance Index (RI); blood flow, mL/min; and blood velocity, cm/s)).Results‘Very low’ to ‘moderate’ quality evidence from 91 unique studies (n=4641 women) were included. Overall, FHR increased during (mean difference (MD)=6.35bpm; 95% CI 2.30 to 10.41, I2=95%, p=0.002) and following acute exercise (MD=4.05; 95% CI 2.98 to 5.12, I2=83%, p<0.00001). The incidence of fetal bradycardia was low at rest and unchanged with acute exercise. There were no significant changes in umbilical or uterine S/D, PI, RI, blood flow or blood velocity during or following acute exercise sessions. Chronic exercise decreased resting FHR and the umbilical artery S/D, PI and RI at rest.ConclusionAcute and chronic prenatal exercise do not adversely impact FHR or uteroplacental blood flow metrics.
Reporting of outcomes in gastric cancer surgery trials: a systematic review
Authors: Alkhaffaf Bilal , Blazeby Jane M , Williamson Paula R , Bruce Iain A , Glenny Anne-Marie 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe development of clinical guidelines for the surgical management of gastric cancer should be based on robust evidence from well-designed trials. Being able to reliably compare and combine the outcomes of these trials is a key factor in this process.ObjectivesTo examine variation in outcome reporting by surgical trials for gastric cancer and to identify outcomes for prioritisation in an international consensus study to develop a core outcome set in this field.Data sourcesSystematic literature searches (Evidence Based Medicine, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO ICTRP) and a review of study protocols of randomised controlled trials, published between 1996 and 2016.InterventionTherapeutic surgical interventions for gastric cancer. Outcomes were listed verbatim, categorised into groups (outcome themes) and examined for definitions and measurement instruments.ResultsOf 1919 abstracts screened, 32 trials (9073 participants) were identified. A total of 749 outcomes were reported of which 96 (13%) were accompanied by an attempted definition. No single outcome was reported by all trials. ‘Adverse events’ was the most frequently reported ‘outcome theme’ in which 240 unique terms were described. 12 trials (38%) classified complications according to severity, with 5 (16%) using a formal classification system (Clavien-Dindo or Accordion scale). Of 27 trials which described ‘short-term’ mortality, 15 (47%) used one of five different definitions. 6 out of the 32 trials (19%) described ‘patient-reported outcomes’.ConclusionReporting of outcomes in gastric cancer surgery trials is inconsistent. A consensus approach to develop a minimum set of well-defined, standardised outcomes to be used by all future trials examining therapeutic surgical interventions for gastric cancer is needed. This should consider the views of all key stakeholders, including patients.
Nurse-led clinic for patients with liver cirrhosis—effects on health-related quality of life: study protocol of a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hjorth Maria , Sjöberg Daniel , Svanberg Anncarin , Kaminsky Elenor , Langenskiöld Sophie , Rorsman Fredrik 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionLiver cirrhosis affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL) even in its early stages. Morbidity is especially high when the disease decompensates and self-care actions become essential. Nurse involvement in secondary prevention in other chronic diseases has contributed to better symptom control, less need of inpatient care and improved HRQoL. In order to evaluate the impact of nurse involvement in the follow-up of patients with liver cirrhosis, we decided to compare structured nurse-led clinics, inspired by Dorothea Orem’s nursing theory and motivational strategies, with a group of patients receiving standard care. The primary outcome is HRQoL and the secondary outcomes are quality of care, visits to outpatient clinics or hospitals, disease progress and health literacy.Methods and analysisThis is a pragmatic, multicentre randomised controlled study conducted at six Swedish hepatology departments. Eligible patients are adults with diagnosed cirrhosis of the liver (n=500). Participants are randomised into either an intervention with nurse-led follow-up group or into a standard of care group. Recruitment started in November 2016 and is expected to proceed until 2020. Primary outcomes are physical and mental HRQoL measured by RAND-36 at enrolment, after 1 and 2 years.Ethics and disseminationThe study is ethically approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala. The results shall be disseminated in international conferences and peer-reviewed articles.Trial registration numberNCT02957253; Pre-results.
Community-acquired and hospital-acquired medication harm among older inpatients and impact of a state-wide medication management intervention
Authors: Pellegrin Karen , Lozano Alicia , Miyamura Jill , Lynn Joanne , Krenk Les , Jolson-Oakes Sheena , Ciarleglio Anita , McInnis Terry , Bairos Alistair , Gomez Lara , Benitez-McCrary Mercedes , Hanlon Alexandra 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundWe previously reported reduction in the rate of hospitalisations with medication harm among older adults with our ‘Pharm2Pharm’ intervention, a pharmacist-led care transition and care coordination model focused on best practices in medication management. The objectives of the current study are to determine the extent to which medication harm among older inpatients is ‘community acquired’ versus ‘hospital acquired’ and to assess the effectiveness of the Pharm2Pharm model with each type.MethodsAfter a 3-year baseline, six non-federal general acute care hospitals with 50 or more beds in Hawaii implemented Pharm2Pharm sequentially. The other five such hospitals served as the comparison group. We measured frequencies and quarterly rates of admissions among those aged 65 and older with ‘community-acquired’ (International Classification of Diseases-coded as present on admission) and ‘hospital-acquired’ (coded as not present on admission) medication harm per 1000 admissions from 2010 to 2014.ResultsThere were 189 078 total admissions from 2010 through 2014, 7% of which had one or more medication harm codes. There were 16 225 medication harm codes, 70% of which were community-acquired, among these 13 795 admissions. The varied times when the intervention was implemented across hospitals were associated with a significant reduction in the rate of admissions with community-acquired medication harm compared with non-intervention hospitals (p=0.001), and specifically harm by anticoagulants (p<0.0001) and by medications in therapeutic use (p<0.001). The hospital-acquired medication harm rate did not change. The rate of admissions with community-acquired medication harm was reduced by 4.28 admissions per 1000 admissions per quarter in the Pharm2Pharm hospitals relative to the comparison hospitals.ConclusionThe Pharm2Pharm model is an effective way to address the growing problem of community-acquired medication harm among high-risk, chronically ill patients. This model demonstrates the importance of deploying specially trained pharmacists in the hospital and in the community to systematically identify and resolve drug therapy problems.
Acute and chronic effects of hot water immersion on inflammation and metabolism in sedentary, overweight adults
Authors: Hoekstra S. P. , Bishop N. C. , Faulkner S. H. , Bailey S. J. , Leicht C. A. 
Published: October 2018

Regular exercise-induced acute inflammatory responses are suggested to improve the inflammatory profile and insulin sensitivity. As body temperature elevations partly mediate this response, passive heating might be a viable tool to improve the inflammatory profile. This study investigated the acute and chronic effects of hot water immersion on inflammatory and metabolic markers. Ten sedentary, overweight men [body mass index (BMI): 31.0 ± 4.2 kg/m2, mean ± SD] were immersed in water set at 39°C for 1 h (HWI) or rested for 1 h at ambient temperature (AMB). Venous blood was obtained before the session, immediately postsession, and 2 h postsession for assessment of monocyte intracellular heat shock protein-72 (iHsp72) and plasma concentrations of extracellular Hsp72 (eHsp72), interleukin-6 (IL-6), fasting glucose, insulin, and nitrite. Thereafter, participants underwent a 2-wk intervention period, consisting of 10 hot water immersion sessions (INT). Eight BMI-matched participants (BMI: 30.0 ± 2.5 kg/m2) were included as control (CON). Plasma IL-6 and nitrite concentrations were higher immediately following HWI compared with AMB (IL-6 P < 0.001, HWI: 1.37 ± 0.94 to 2.51 ± 1.49 pg/ml; nitrite P = 0.04, HWI: 271 ± 52 to 391 ± 72 nM), whereas iHsp72 expression was unchanged ( P = 0.57). In contrast to resting iHsp72 expression ( P = 0.59), fasting glucose ( P = 0.04; INT: 4.44 ± 0.93 to 3.98 ± 0.98 mmol/l), insulin ( P = 0.04; INT: 68.1 ± 44.6 to 55.0 ± 29.9 pmol/l), and eHsp72 ( P = 0.03; INT: 17 ± 41% reduction) concentrations were lowered after INT compared with CON. HWI induced an acute inflammatory response and increased nitric oxide bioavailability. The reductions in fasting glucose and insulin concentrations following the chronic intervention suggest that hot water immersion may serve as a tool to improve glucose metabolism. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A single hot water immersion (HWI) session induces an acute increase in plasma interleukin-6 and nitrite concentrations but does not acutely elevate heat shock protein-72 expression in monocytes [intracellular Hsp72 (iHsp72)]. A chronic HWI intervention reduces fasting glucose and insulin concentrations in the absence of changes in resting iHsp72. Therefore, HWI shows potential as a strategy to combat chronic low-grade inflammation and improve glucose metabolism in individuals without the physical capacity to do so using exercise.
A Group Randomized Trial to Reduce Obesity among Appalachian Church Members: The Walk by Faith Study
Authors: Paskett Electra D. , Baltic Ryan D. , Young Gregory S. , Katz Mira L. , Lesko Samuel M. , Webber Kelly H. , Roberto Karen A. , Lengerich Eugene J. , Schoenberg Nancy E. , Kennedy Stephenie K. , Mama Scherezade , Midkiff Courtney C. , Dignan Mark B. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background: Appalachia is a rural, socioeconomically disadvantaged region with high rates of cancer and obesity. Using community-based participatory research principles, the Appalachia Community Cancer Network tested an initiative to reduce weight among overweight and obese participants by partnering with churches, an important community-based institution in Appalachia.
Methods: A group randomized trial was conducted with counties or groups of counties in five Appalachian states. These groups were randomly assigned to receive either monthly diet and exercise education sessions (“Walk by Faith”; WbF) or an educational program focused on cancer screening and education (“Ribbons of Faith”; RoF) to examine effects on weight change. Participants completed questionnaires and biometric measurements at baseline and 12 months. The primary outcome of the study was weight change from baseline to 12 months.
Results: The relative difference in weight loss from baseline to 12 months for WbF compared with RoF was 1.4% but was not statistically significant (P = 0.13). However, results varied by sex and marital status. WbF men experienced a significant 2.8% decrease in body weight, married WbF women a 1.5% decrease, and unmarried WbF women a 1.5% increase compared with their respective RoF subgroups (interaction P = 0.016). Among WbF participants, greater participation in monthly educational sessions was associated with greater weight loss (P = 0.002).
Conclusions: WbF facilitated weight loss mainly in male participants. Level of participation in WbF activities correlated with weight loss.
Impact: Findings suggest that additional research is needed to better understand factors associated with participation in health promotion programs for underserved rural communities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(11); 1289–97. ©2018 AACR.
A Unique Nonsaccharide Mimetic of Heparin Hexasaccharide Inhibits Colon Cancer Stem Cells via p38 MAP Kinase Activation
Authors: Boothello Rio S. , Patel Nirmita J. , Sharon Chetna , Abdelfadiel Elsamani I. , Morla Shravan , Brophy Donald F. , Lippman H. Robert , Desai Umesh R. , Patel Bhaumik B. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Targeting of cancer stem cells (CSC) is expected to be a paradigm-shifting approach for the treatment of cancers. Cell surface proteoglycans bearing sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains are known to play a critical role in the regulation of stem cell fate. Here, we show for the first time that G2.2, a sulfated nonsaccharide GAG mimetic (NSGM) of heparin hexasaccharide, selectively inhibits colonic CSCs in vivo. G2.2-reduced CSCs (CD133+/CXCR4+, Dual hi) induced HT-29 and HCT 116 colon xenografts’ growth in a dose-dependent fashion. G2.2 also significantly delayed the growth of colon xenograft further enriched in CSCs following oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil treatment compared with vehicle-treated xenograft controls. In fact, G2.2 robustly inhibited CSCs’ abundance (measured by levels of CSC markers, e.g., CD133, DCMLK1, LGR5, and LRIG1) and self-renewal (quaternary spheroids) in colon cancer xenografts. Intriguingly, G2.2 selectively induced apoptosis in the Dual hi CSCs in vivo eluding to its CSC targeting effects. More importantly, G2.2 displayed none to minimal toxicity as observed through morphologic and biochemical studies of vital organ functions, blood coagulation profile, and ex vivo analyses of normal intestinal (and bone marrow) progenitor cell growth. Through extensive in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo mechanistic studies, we showed that G2.2′s inhibition of CSC self-renewal was mediated through activation of p38α, uncovering important signaling that can be targeted to deplete CSCs selectively while minimizing host toxicity. Hence, G2.2 represents a first-in-class (NSGM) anticancer agent to reduce colorectal CSCs.
The Spectral Dimension of Modeled Relative Humidity Feedbacks in the CMIP5 Experiments
Authors: Pan Fang , Huang Xianglei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe spectral radiative kernel technique is used to derive spectrally resolved relative humidity (RH) feedbacks for 16 GCMs that participated in CMIP5. Examining spectral and spatial details of these RH feedbacks leads to three findings. First, while the global average of broadband RH feedbacks is close to zero for all the GCMs, there exist wide discrepancies in the spectral details among the GCMs. Second, the spatial pattern of the RH feedbacks varies with spectral frequency; for a given frequency, the spatial feedback pattern correlates well with the spatial pattern of RH changes over the vertical layer to which the top-of-atmosphere spectral flux at the same frequency is most sensitive. Third, the nearly zero global average of broadband RH feedback is a result of spatial compensation and spectral compensation. Since GCMs have produced consistent RH feedbacks and RH changes to a large extent in the high latitudes, the tropical Atlantic, and the deep tropical Pacific, radiative RH kernels are further used to infer mean changes in RH vertical profiles from spectral RH feedbacks averaged over the three broad regions. Good agreements are demonstrated by comparing such inferences against the actual RH changes in the GCMs. This study suggests that the spectral dimension of RH feedback could provide an additional constraint to climate models and the understanding of vertical features of RH changes when they are obtainable from future observations.
Observation-Based Decomposition of Radiative Perturbations and Radiative Kernels
Authors: Thorsen Tyler J. , Kato Seiji , Loeb Norman G. , Rose Fred G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES)–partial radiative perturbation [PRP (CERES-PRP)] methodology applies partial-radiative-perturbation-like calculations to observational datasets to directly isolate the individual cloud, atmospheric, and surface property contributions to the variability of the radiation budget. The results of these calculations can further be used to construct radiative kernels. A suite of monthly mean observation-based inputs are used for the radiative transfer, including cloud properties from either the diurnally resolved passive-sensor-based CERES synoptic (SYN) data or the combination of the CloudSat cloud radar and Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) lidar. The CloudSat/CALIPSO cloud profiles are incorporated via a clustering method that obtains monthly mean cloud properties suitable for accurate radiative transfer calculations. The computed fluxes are validated using the TOA fluxes observed by CERES. Applications of the CERES-PRP methodology are demonstrated by computing the individual contributions to the variability of the radiation budget over multiple years and by deriving water vapor radiative kernels. The calculations for the former are used to show that an approximately linear decomposition of the total flux anomalies is achieved. The observation-based water vapor kernels were used to investigate the accuracy of the GCM-based NCAR CAM3.0 water vapor kernel. Differences between our observation-based kernel and the NCAR one are marginally larger than those inferred by previous comparisons among different GCM kernels.