bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-36γ Is Elevated in Cervicovaginal Epithelial Cells in Women With Bacterial Vaginosis and In Vitro After Infection With Microbes Associated With Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors: Gardner Jameson K , Łaniewski Paweł , Knight Anna , Haddad Lisa B , Swaims-Kohlmeier Alison , Herbst-Kralovetz Melissa M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In recent studies, the interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines were shown to be elevated in women with non-Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiomes. In this study, we evaluated IL36G expression in clinical samples from women with and without bacterial vaginosis (BV) and a human 3-dimensional cervical epithelial cell model. IL36G expression was significantly elevated in cervicovaginal epithelial cells isolated from BV-positive women and corresponded with increased neutrophil counts relative to BV-negative women. In addition, specific BV-associated bacterial species as well as a polymicrobial cocktail significantly induced IL36G expression in vitro. These findings suggest that IL-36γ may exhibit an important function in the host response to BV and other sexually transmitted infections.
A Comparison of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Strategies for Persons Who Inject Drugs With Invasive Bacterial and Fungal Infections
Authors: Marks Laura R , Munigala Satish , Warren David K , Liss David B , Liang Stephen Y , Schwarz Evan S , Durkin Michael J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) are frequently admitted for invasive infections. Medications for OUD (MOUD) may improve outcomes in hospitalized patients.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort of 220 admissions to a tertiary care center for invasive infections due to OUD, we compared 4 MOUD treatment strategies: methadone, buprenorphine, methadone taper for detoxification, and no medication to determine whether there were differences in parenteral antibiotic completion and readmission rates.

Results
The MOUDs were associated with increased completion of parenteral antimicrobial therapy (64.08% vs 46.15%; odds ratio [OR] = 2.08; 95% CI, 1.23–3.61). On multivariate analysis, use of MOUD maintenance with either buprenorphine (OR = 0.38; 95% CI, .17–.85) or methadone maintenance (OR = 0.43; 95% CI, .20–.94) and continuation of MOUD on discharge (OR = 0.35; 95% CI, .18–.67) was associated with lower 90-day readmissions. In contrast, use of methadone for detoxification followed by tapering of the medication without continuation on discharge was not associated with decreased readmissions (OR = 1.87; 95% CI, .62–5.10).

Conclusions
Long-term MOUDs, regardless of selection, are an integral component of care in patients hospitalized with OUD-related infections. Patients with OUD should have arrangements made for MOUDs to be continued after discharge, and MOUDs should not be discontinued before discharge.
Immune competence traits assessed during the stress of weaning are heritable and favorably genetically correlated with temperament traits in Angus cattle1
Authors: Hine Brad C , Bell Amy M , Niemeyer Dominic D O , Duff Christian J , Butcher Nick M , Dominik Sonja , Ingham Aaron B , Colditz Ian G 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSelection for production traits with little or no emphasis on health-related traits has the potential to increase susceptibility to disease in food-producing animals. A possible genetic strategy to mitigate such effects is to include both production and health traits in the breeding objective when selecting animals. For this to occur, reliable methodologies are required to assess beneficial health traits, such as the immune capacity of animals. We describe here a methodology to assess the immune competence of beef cattle which is both practical to apply on farm and does not restrict the future sale of tested animals. The methodology also accommodates variation in prior vaccination history of cohorts of animals being tested. In the present study, the immune competence phenotype of 1,100 Angus calves was assessed during yard weaning. Genetic parameters associated with immune competence traits were estimated and associations between immune competence, temperament, and stress-coping ability traits were investigated. Results suggested that immune competence traits, related to an animal’s ability to mount both antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, are moderately heritable (h2 = 0.32 ± 0.09 and 0.27 ± 0.08, respectively) and favorably genetically correlated with the temperament trait, flight time (r = 0.63 ± 0.31 and 0.60 ± 0.29 with antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, respectively). Development of methodologies to assess the immune competence phenotype of beef cattle is a critical first step in the establishment of genetic selection strategies aimed at improving the general disease resistance of beef herds. Strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of disease in beef cattle are expected to significantly improve animal health and welfare, reduce reliance on the use of antibiotics to treat disease, and reduce disease-associated costs incurred by producers.
A targeted genotyping approach to enhance the identification of variants for lactation persistency in dairy cows
Authors: Do Duy Ngoc , Bissonnette Nathalie , Lacasse Pierre , Miglior Filippo , Zhao Xin , Ibeagha-Awemu Eveline M 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLactation persistency (LP), defined as the ability of a cow to maintain milk production at a high level after milk peak, is an important phenotype for the dairy industry. In this study, we used a targeted genotyping approach to scan for potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 57 potential candidate genes derived from our previous genome wide association study on LP and from the literature. A total of 175,490 SNPs were annotated within 10-kb flanking regions of the selected candidate genes. After applying several filtering steps, a total of 105 SNPs were retained for genotyping using target genotyping arrays. SNP association analyses were performed in 1,231 Holstein cows with 69 polymorphic SNPs using the univariate liner mixed model with polygenic effects using DMU package. Six SNPs including rs43770847, rs208794152, and rs208332214 in ADRM1; rs209443540 in C5orf34; rs378943586 in DDX11; and rs385640152 in GHR were suggestively significantly associated with LP based on additive effects and associations with 4 of them (rs43770847, rs208794152, rs208332214, and rs209443540) were based on dominance effects at P < 0.05. However, none of the associations remained significant at false discovery rate adjusted P (FDR) < 0.05. The additive variances explained by each suggestively significantly associated SNP ranged from 0.15% (rs43770847 in ADRM1) to 5.69% (rs209443540 in C5orf34), suggesting that these SNPs might be used in genetic selection for enhanced LP. The percentage of phenotypic variance explained by dominance effect ranged from 0.24% to 1.35% which suggests that genetic selection for enhanced LP might be more efficient by inclusion of dominance effects. Overall, this study identified several potentially functional variants that might be useful for selection programs for higher LP. Finally, a combination of identification of potentially functional variants followed by targeted genotyping and association analysis is a cost-effective approach for increasing the power of genetic association studies.
iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of two transgenic soybean lines and the corresponding non-genetically modified isogenic variety
Authors: Liu Weixiao , Zhang Zhe , Liu Xuri , Jin Wujun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To investigate the unintended effects of genetically modified (GM) crops, an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based comparative proteomic analysis was performed with seed cotyledons of two GM soybean lines, MON87705 and MON87701×MON89788, and the corresponding non-transgenic isogenic variety A3525. Thirty-five differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified in MON87705/A3525, 27 of which were upregulated and 8 downregulated. Thirty-eight DAPs were identified from the MON87701×MON89788/A3525 sample, including 29 upregulated proteins and 9 downregulated proteins. Pathway analysis showed that most of these DAPs participate in protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and in metabolic pathways. Protein–protein interaction analysis of these DAPs demonstrated that the main interacting proteins are associated with post-translational modification, protein turnover, chaperones and signal transduction mechanisms. Nevertheless, these DAPs were not identified as new unintended toxins or allergens and only showed changes in abundance. All these results suggest that the seed cotyledon proteomic profiles of the two GM soybean lines studied were not dramatically altered compared with that of their natural isogenic control.
Designing the Organisational Structure of the UN Cyber Peacekeeping Team
Authors: Almutawa Ahmed 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Neither the UN Charter nor other UN documents provide for the establishment of cyber peacekeeping missions. By largely ignoring the cyber dimension, the UN reduces the effectiveness of the modern peacekeeping operations which may, in many cases, require cyber intervention. Hence, there is a pressing social need for the establishment of a separate organisation of UN peacekeepers responsible for keeping the peace in cyberspace. The article aims to facilitate the establishment of a UN cyber-peacekeeping team by proposing its organisational structure and examining the qualifications of the cyber peacekeepers, their legal relationship with the UN, and the location of the cyber peacekeeping team. The organisational structure is important because it impacts how the organisation concerned learns, acts, and evolves. The proposed structure consists of two departments and four sub-departments. Each of them is responsible for specific peacekeeping responsibilities, ranging from assessment of cyber-security risks to facilitating the development of e-commerce in post-conflict countries. Although the proposed structure is currently merely theoretical, it can be empirically tested by creating prototype versions of the departments included in it and measuring their effectiveness on the basis of various criteria, such as reducing levels of violence between belligerent parties, protecting civilians from violence, and compliance with ceasefires.
Baseline of Susceptibility to the Cry1F Protein in Mexican Populations of Fall Armyworm
Authors: Rivero-Borja Maribel , Rodríguez-Maciel J C , Urzúa Gutiérrez J A , Silva-Aguayo G , Chandrasena Desmi I , Felix-Bermudez Ninfa C , Storer Nicholas P 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is currently the most important maize pest in Mexico. Its control is mainly based on the use of conventional insecticides. Additionally, Bt-maize expressing Cry1F protein represents an alternative to control this pest. We estimated the baseline susceptibility in Mexican populations of S. frugiperda to Cry1F protein. Twenty-eight geographical populations were field collected from Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora, and Tamaulipas states. The F1 neonate larvae of each population were subjected to diet-overlay bioassay. After 7 d of Cry1F exposure, the percent mortality and the percent growth inhibition with respect to the untreated control were recorded (S-LAB). The LC50 ranged from 14.4 (6.3−24.0) (Cajeme 1, Sonora) to 161.8 ng/cm2 (92.0–320) (Ahumada 2, Chihuahua), while the LC95 was between 207.1 (145–363) (Obregón, Sonora) and 1,217 ng/cm2 (510.8–7,390.0) (Río Bravo 2, Tamaulipas). The sensitivity ratios at 50% mortality, (LC50 field/LC50 S-Lab) and 95% mortality were ≤6.45 and ≤5.05-fold, respectively. The 50% growth inhibition (GI50) ranged from 2.8 (0.008–9.3) (Obregón, Sonora) to 42.4 ng/cm2 (3.6–147.0) (Cajeme 1, Sonora). The GI95 was between 75.4 (San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora) to 1,198 ng/cm2 (Cajeme 1, Sonora). The relative inhibition at 50% of the growth, (RI50 = GI50 field /GI50 S-LAB) was ≤3.5 and at 95% (RI95) was ≤1.91-fold. These results indicated susceptibility to Cry1F protein in the evaluated populations of S. frugiperda.
Seasonal Migration Patterns of Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Across the Bohai Strait in Northern China
Authors: Shen Xiujing , Fu Xiaowei , Huang Yunxin , Guo Jianglong , Wu Qiulin , He Limei , Yang Xianming , Wu Kongming 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is a notorious polyphagous insect pest in China and other regions of East Asia. The long-distance flight behavior of the ACB moths, however, is not well understood, especially in the field conditions. In this study, nightly monitoring data for multiple years (2003–2017) on the long-distance flight of adults crossing the Bohai Strait in northern China, showed that a large number of the adults frequently flew across the Bohai Strait from May to September with the peak migrations usually occurred, followed in order by September, June, July, and May, and the number of southward migrants was larger than that of northward migrants. From May to September in 2010, 2011, and 2017, a subsample of trapped ACB females was dissected (879 individuals in 2010, 197 individuals in 2011, and 247 individuals in 2017), and the results showed that the sex ratio of the trapped ACB moths was unbiased each month from May to September. While the proportion of mated females in northward populations (May to July = 92.85 ± 4.86%) was significantly higher than that in southward population (August and September = 74.53 ± 8.55%) . The seasonal pattern in the proportion of sexually mature females was similar to the above proportion of mated females. We conclude that the ACBs have a strong propensity and ability for long-distance migration, although local dispersal is generally considered to be the primary movement of the ACB. These findings may be helpful to improve the forecasting systems and the pest management schemes for the ACBs.
Abduction and comparative weighing of explanatory hypotheses: an argumentative approach
Authors: Olmos Paula 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper makes use of the concepts and theoretical framework developed within the field of Argumentation Theory to account for the structure and characteristics of abduction and of the comparative processes of weighing explanatory hypothesis. It elaborates an analysis of abduction based on its consideration as a meta-explanatory argumentation scheme while elucidating its relations with abductive reasoning and inference. The conceptualization of comparative processes of weighing explanatory hypothesis as complex and varied argumentative structures is presented as an alternative to the idea of providing a formally rigid and supposedly universal account of ‘inference to the best explanation’.
Body size and diet–related morphological variation of bats over the past 65 years in China
Authors: Yue Xinke , Hughes Alice C , Tomlinson Kyle W , Xia Shangwen , Li Song , Chen Jin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We examined both historical (1960s) and recent (2017) specimens of an insectivorous bat species (Hipposideros armiger) and a phytophagous bat (Rousettus leschenaultii) from the same latitudinal range to explore phenotypic responses to environmental change in China over the past 65 years. Hipposideros armiger exhibited significant increases in forearm length and three diet-related cranial traits, as well as carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition, suggesting that modern H. armiger must travel farther for food and may now use different food resources. In contrast, R. leschenaultii showed no change in forearm length but displayed significant increases in diet-related cranial traits. This study provides evidence for differential responses to recent environmental changes in bat species with different diets. The changes in diet-related traits of the two species and the forearm length change on the insectivorous bats suggest that recent phenotypic changes may be adaptions to land-use changes rather than to climate change.
A logic of hypothetical conjunction
Authors: Collinson Matthew 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A binary connective that can be read as a matching conjunction for conditional connectives found in many conditional logics is considered. The most natural way to read this connective is often as a conjunction and yet, hypothetically, considered to hold of a state of affairs that could be obtained under the hypothesis. The connective can be given an intensional semantics extending a standard semantics of conditional logic that uses propositionally indexed families of binary relations on possible worlds. This semantics is determined by an adjoint relationship between the operations supporting the semantics of the conditional and the new conjunction. The semantics of the hypothetical conjunction connective subsumes the semantics, supported by a ternary relation semantics, of the fusion connective that arises in connection with substructural and relevant logics, and therefore subsumes a number of other forms of conjunction. A number of applications of the hypothetical conjunction connective are discussed, including generalized forms of resource reasoning used in computer science applications.
juliet: a versatile modelling tool for transiting and non-transiting exoplanetary systems
Authors: Espinoza Néstor , Kossakowski Diana , Brahm Rafael 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Here we present juliet, a versatile tool for the analysis of transits, radial velocities, or both. juliet is built over many available tools for the modelling of transits, radial velocities, and stochastic processes (here modelled as Gaussian Processes; GPs) in order to deliver a tool/wrapper which can be used for the analysis of transit photometry and radial-velocity measurements from multiple instruments at the same time, using nested sampling algorithms which allows it to not only perform a thorough sampling of the parameter space, but also to perform model comparison via Bayesian evidences. In addition, juliet allows us to fit transiting and non-transiting multiplanetary systems, and to fit GPs which might share hyperparameters between the photometry and radial velocities simultaneously (e.g. stellar rotation periods), which might be useful for disentangling stellar activity in radial-velocity measurements. Nested Sampling, Importance Nested Sampling, and Dynamic Nested Sampling is performed with publicly available codes which in turn give juliet multithreading options, allowing it to scale the computing time of complicated multidimensional problems. We make juliet publicly available via GitHub.
The C-Band All-Sky Survey (C-BASS): Simulated parametric fitting in single pixels in total intensity and polarization
Authors: Jew Luke , Taylor Angela C , Jones Michael E , Barr A , Chiang H C , Dickinson C , Grumitt R D P , Harper S E , Heilgendorff H M , Hill-Valler J , Jonas J L , Leahy J P , Leech J , Pearson T J , Peel M W , Readhead A C S , Sievers J 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-mode signal is potentially weaker than the diffuse Galactic foregrounds over most of the sky at any frequency. A common method of separating the CMB from these foregrounds is via pixel-based parametric-model fitting. There are not currently enough all-sky maps to fit anything more than the most simple models of the sky. By simulating the emission in seven representative pixels, we demonstrate that the inclusion of a 5 GHz data point allows for more complex models of low-frequency foregrounds to be fitted than at present. It is shown that the inclusion of the C-BASS data will significantly reduce the uncertainties in a number of key parameters in the modelling of both the galactic foregrounds and the CMB. The extra data allow estimates of the synchrotron spectral index to be constrained much more strongly than is presently possible, with corresponding improvements in the accuracy of the recovery of the CMB amplitude. However, we show that to place good limits on models of the synchrotron spectral curvature will require additional low-frequency data.
Parallel Concerted Evolution of Ribosomal Protein Genes in Fungi and Its Adaptive Significance
Authors: Mullis Alison , Lu Zhaolian , Zhan Yu , Wang Tzi-Yuan , Rodriguez Judith , Rajeh Ahmad , Chatrath Ajay , Lin Zhenguo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRibosomal protein (RP) genes encode structural components of ribosomes, the cellular machinery for protein synthesis. A single functional copy has been maintained in most of 78–80 RP families in animals due to evolutionary constraints imposed by gene dosage balance. Some fungal species have maintained duplicate copies in most RP families. The mechanisms by which the RP genes were duplicated and maintained and their functional significance are poorly understood. To address these questions, we identified all RP genes from 295 fungi and inferred the timing and nature of gene duplication events for all RP families. We found that massive duplications of RP genes have independently occurred by different mechanisms in three distantly related lineages: budding yeasts, fission yeasts, and Mucoromycota. The RP gene duplicates in budding yeasts and Mucoromycota were mainly created by whole genome duplication events. However, duplicate RP genes in fission yeasts were likely generated by retroposition, which is unexpected considering their dosage sensitivity. The sequences of most RP paralogs have been homogenized by repeated gene conversion in each species, demonstrating parallel concerted evolution, which might have facilitated the retention of their duplicates. Transcriptomic data suggest that the duplication and retention of RP genes increased their transcript abundance. Physiological data indicate that increased ribosome biogenesis allowed these organisms to rapidly consume sugars through fermentation while maintaining high growth rates, providing selective advantages to these species in sugar-rich environments.
Physical and functional interaction between SET1/COMPASS complex component CFP-1 and a Sin3S HDAC complex in C. elegans
Authors: Beurton Flore , Stempor Przemyslaw , Caron Matthieu , Appert Alex , Dong Yan , Chen Ron A-j , Cluet David , Couté Yohann , Herbette Marion , Huang Ni , Polveche Hélène , Spichty Martin , Bedet Cécile , Ahringer Julie , Palladino Francesca 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe CFP1 CXXC zinc finger protein targets the SET1/COMPASS complex to non-methylated CpG rich promoters to implement tri-methylation of histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4me3). Although H3K4me3 is widely associated with gene expression, the effects of CFP1 loss vary, suggesting additional chromatin factors contribute to context dependent effects. Using a proteomics approach, we identified CFP1 associated proteins and an unexpected direct link between Caenorhabditis elegans CFP-1 and an Rpd3/Sin3 small (SIN3S) histone deacetylase complex. Supporting a functional connection, we find that mutants of COMPASS and SIN3 complex components genetically interact and have similar phenotypic defects including misregulation of common genes. CFP-1 directly binds SIN-3 through a region including the conserved PAH1 domain and recruits SIN-3 and the HDA-1/HDAC subunit to H3K4me3 enriched promoters. Our results reveal a novel role for CFP-1 in mediating interaction between SET1/COMPASS and a Sin3S HDAC complex at promoters.