bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction in Long COVID patients
Authors: Szögi Titanilla , Borsos Barbara N. , Masic Dejana , Radics Bence , Bella Zsolt , Bánfi Andrea , Ördög Nóra , Zsiros Csenge , Kiricsi Ágnes , Pankotai-Bodó Gabriella , Kovács Ágnes , Paróczai Dóra , Botkáné Andrea Lugosi , Kajtár Béla , Sükösd Farkas , Lehoczki Andrea , Polgár Tamás , Letoha Annamária , Pankotai Tibor , Tiszlavicz László 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome, and while most individuals recover within weeks, approximately 30–40% experience persistent symptoms collectively known as Long COVID, post-COVID-19 syndrome, or post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC). These enduring symptoms, including fatigue, respiratory difficulties, body pain, short-term memory loss, concentration issues, and sleep disturbances, can persist for months. According to recent studies, SARS-CoV-2 infection causes prolonged disruptions in mitochondrial function, significantly altering cellular energy metabolism. Our research employed transmission electron microscopy to reveal distinct mitochondrial structural abnormalities in Long COVID patients, notably including significant swelling, disrupted cristae, and an overall irregular morphology, which collectively indicates severe mitochondrial distress. We noted increased levels of superoxide dismutase 1 which signals oxidative stress and elevated autophagy-related 4B cysteine peptidase levels, indicating disruptions in mitophagy. Importantly, our analysis also identified reduced levels of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) in these patients, serving as a novel biomarker for the condition. These findings underscore the crucial role of persistent mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Long COVID. Further exploration of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying post-viral mitochondrial dysfunction is critical, particularly to understand the roles of autoimmune reactions and the reactivation of latent viruses in perpetuating these conditions. This comprehensive understanding could pave the way for targeted therapeutic interventions designed to alleviate the chronic impacts of Long COVID. By utilizing circulating ccf-mtDNA and other novel mitochondrial biomarkers, we can enhance our diagnostic capabilities and improve the management of this complex syndrome.
Active vibration control for rotating machines with current-controlled electrodynamic actuators and velocity feedback of the machine feet based on a generalized mathematical formulation
Authors: Werner Ulrich 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A theoretical analysis regarding active vibration control of rotating machines with current-controlled electrodynamic actuators between machine feet and steel frame foundation and with velocity feedback of the machine feet vibrations is presented. First, a generalized mathematical formulation is derived based on a state-space description which can be used for different kinds of models (1D, 2D, and 3D models). It is shown that under special boundary conditions, the control parameters can be directly implemented into the stiffness and damping matrices of the system. Based on the generalized mathematical formulation, an example of a rotating machine—described by a 2D model—with journal bearings, flexible rotor, current-controlled electrodynamic actuators, steel frame foundation, and velocity feedback of the machine feet vibrations is presented where the effectiveness of the described active vibration control system is demonstrated.
Electroanalytical Probing of Triphasic Hydrogen Storage and Transport in Films of Nanoparticulate Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1)
Authors: Morris Adam , Carta Mariolino , McKeown Neil B. , Fletcher Philip J. , Marken Frank 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPreliminary experiments are reported to show quantitatively that hydrogen gas can be stored under triphasic conditions in wet nanoparticulate polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) applied as a film to a platinum disk electrode surface. Based on chronoamperometric data, it is shown that the resulting triphasic interface is able to store hydrogen gas at apparent concentrations higher (3 orders of magnitude increase for an approx. 15 μm thick film with typically capp,hydrogen = 80 mM; Dapp,hydrogen = 1.2 × 10–11 m2s−1) than the known solubility of hydrogen gas in aqueous electrolyte (chydrogen = 0.08 mM; Dhydrogen = 5.0 × 10–9 m2s−1) at room temperature. Due to film roughness/heterogeneity, the apparent hydrogen concentration can only be estimated, but it increases with film thickness. At the same time the apparent diffusion coefficient is lowered considerably due to the molecularly rigid/glassy polymer host. The resulting modified electrode is investigated/proposed for energy storage applications with different amounts of PIM-1 nanoparticle deposits attached to the platinum surface.
Graphical Abstract
A Multicriteria Decision Analytic Approach to Systems Resilience
Authors: Keisler Jeffrey M. , Wells Emily M. , Linkov Igor 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article develops a novel decision-oriented framework that strategically deconstructs systems resilience in a way that focuses on systems’ design, capabilities, and management. The framework helps evaluate and compare how system design choices impact system resilience. First, we propose a resilience score based on a piecewise linear approximation to a resilience curve. Using multicriteria decision analysis principles, we score system design alternatives in terms of system-specific capabilities. We estimate the relevance of these capabilities to resilience curve parameters associated with resilience phases. Finally, we interpret the derivatives of resilience with respect to the curve parameter values as the leverage of these parameters. Using multiple levels of weighted sums of the scores, we calculate the first order impact of system design choices first on a proxy for the generic resilience parameters and then on resilience, which allows situational characteristics to be incorporated in their natural terminology while mapping their impact on resilience with a traceable logic. We illustrate the approach by using existing materials to develop an example comparing engineered designs for minimizing post-wildfire flood impacts.
Glass ionomer fissure sealants versus fluoride varnish application on children’s behaviour: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chiu H. H. C. , Lam P. P. Y. , Yiu C. K. Y. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Glass ionomer fissure sealant (GIS) and fluoride varnish (NaFV) are two preventive interventions applicable to pre-school children. However, their application effects on young children’s behaviour are understudied. The study compared the effects of GIS and NaFV applications on dental anxiety (DA), cooperativeness and pain level in pre-school children when applied to primary second molars in outreach settings.

Methods
Four hundred and thirteen children were recruited for the study, out of which 228 were allocated to NaFV group whilstand 185 allocated to the GIS group. One calibrated examiner screened and randomly allocated the children into either group. Another calibrated examiner recorded the children’s DA level and cooperativeness with Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale (FBRS) and Venham Behaviour Rating Scale (VBRS) throughout the treatment period. Subjects self-reported their pain levels using Wong–Baker Faces Scale (WBFS).

Results
Significant difference in postoperative anxiety was found using VBRS, with children in NaFV group having more positive scores post-treatment (p = 0.016). Only the type of preventive interventions significantly affected postoperative DA and patient cooperation (p = 0.032), whereas no other clinical findings and socio-demographic factors significantly influenced the children’s behaviour postoperatively.

Conclusion
NaFV application is associated with less DA and more cooperative behaviour in pre-school children compared to GIS application although similar pain levels were recorded.
Köthe Amalgams: The Ideal Type of Infinite Direct Sums
Authors: Bhat M. Ashraf , Kolwicz Paweł , Kosuru G. Sankara Raju 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe study a special type of infinite direct sums $$E({\mathcal {X}})$$

E
(
X
)

which can be seen as the amalgam spaces characterized by a local component given by a countable family $${\mathcal {X}}=\left( X_{\alpha }\right) _{\alpha \in I}$$

X
=

X
α

α
∈
I

of quasi-normed function spaces and by a global component E, which is a quasi-normed sequence space. We characterize some fundamental properties of $$E({\mathcal {X}})$$

E
(
X
)

such as completeness, Köthe-duality, order continuity and the Fatou property. We also provide its Banach function space characterization. Then, we apply our general results to the appropriate amalgamations of Lorentz (Orlicz) function spaces and Lebesgue sequence spaces. Moreover, for the Lorentz-type amalgams, we derive interpolation results and prove the boundedness of a class of sublinear integral operators whose kernels satisfy a size condition.
Social Media Linked to Early Adolescent Suicidal Thoughts via Cyberbullying and Internalizing Symptoms
Authors: Marengo Davide , Settanni Michele , Mastrokoukou Sofia , Fabris Matteo Angelo , Longobardi Claudio 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEarly adolescents are increasingly engaged in visually rich social media platforms, which may lead to the involvement in visual cybervictimization, i.e., the unsolicited sharing of personal visuals, resulting in negative mental-health outcomes. The present study examined the association between social media use and suicidal ideation among early adolescents, with a focus on the mediating roles of visual cybervictimization and internalizing symptoms. The sample consisted of 1140 middle-school students from Northwestern Italy with a mean age of 12.35 years (SD = 0.97), 53.3% female, 45.1% male, and1.6% non-binary. We explored a serial mediation model, hypothesizing that increased social media engagement might lead to heightened suicidal ideation through elevated experiences of visual cybervictimization and subsequent rise in internalizing symptoms. Results indicated significant associations exist between increased social media use and both direct involvement in and bystander experiences of visual cybervictimization. Participating in visual cyberbullying events, both as victim and bystander, was significantly associated with higher levels of internalizing symptoms, in turn linked to greater suicidal ideation. These findings emphasize the critical need for digital literacy and interventions targeting visual aspects of cyberbullying to mitigate its detrimental effects on youth mental health.
Is the information provided by large language models valid in educating patients about adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? An evaluation of content, clarity, and empathy
Authors: Lang Siegmund , Vitale Jacopo , Galbusera Fabio , Fekete Tamás , Boissiere Louis , Charles Yann Philippe , Yucekul Altug , Yilgor Caglar , Núñez-Pereira Susana , Haddad Sleiman , Gomez-Rice Alejandro , Mehta Jwalant , Pizones Javier , Pellisé Ferran , Obeid Ibrahim , Alanay Ahmet , Kleinstück Frank , Loibl Markus ,   ESSG European Spine Study Group
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Large language models (LLM) have the potential to bridge knowledge gaps in patient education and enrich patient-surgeon interactions. This study evaluated three chatbots for delivering empathetic and precise adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) related information and management advice. Specifically, we assessed the accuracy, clarity, and relevance of the information provided, aiming to determine the effectiveness of LLMs in addressing common patient queries and enhancing their understanding of AIS.

Methods
We sourced 20 webpages for the top frequently asked questions (FAQs) about AIS and formulated 10 critical questions based on them. Three advanced LLMs—ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4.0, and Google Bard—were selected to answer these questions, with responses limited to 200 words. The LLMs’ responses were evaluated by a blinded group of experienced deformity surgeons (members of the European Spine Study Group) from seven European spine centers. A pre-established 4-level rating system from excellent to unsatisfactory was used with a further rating for clarity, comprehensiveness, and empathy on the 5-point Likert scale. If not rated 'excellent', the raters were asked to report the reasons for their decision for each question. Lastly, raters were asked for their opinion towards AI in healthcare in general in six questions.

Results
The responses among all LLMs were ‘excellent’ in 26% of responses, with ChatGPT-4.0 leading (39%), followed by Bard (17%). ChatGPT-4.0 was rated superior to Bard and ChatGPT 3.5 (p = 0.003). Discrepancies among raters were significant (p < 0.0001), questioning inter-rater reliability. No substantial differences were noted in answer distribution by question (p = 0.43). The answers on diagnosis (Q2) and causes (Q4) of AIS were top-rated. The most dissatisfaction was seen in the answers regarding definitions (Q1) and long-term results (Q7). Exhaustiveness, clarity, empathy, and length of the answers were positively rated (> 3.0 on 5.0) and did not demonstrate any differences among LLMs. However, GPT-3.5 struggled with language suitability and empathy, while Bard’s responses were overly detailed and less empathetic. Overall, raters found that 9% of answers were off-topic and 22% contained clear mistakes.

Conclusion
Our study offers crucial insights into the strengths and weaknesses of current LLMs in AIS patient and parent education, highlighting the promise of advancements like ChatGPT-4.o and Gemini alongside the need for continuous improvement in empathy, contextual understanding, and language appropriateness.
Salivary Antibody Responses to Potentially Waterborne and Environmentally Transmitted Infections Among Two Tribal Nations in the Southwest United States
Authors: Wade Timothy J. , Mistry Jatin H. , Augustine Swinburne A. J. , Griffin Shannon M. , Kobylanski Jason , Styles Jennifer , Sams Elizabeth , Hudgens Edward , Kowalcyk Megan , Cochran Wesley , Ward Honorine , Egorov Andrey 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Tribal Nations disproportionately lack access to safe drinking water and can be adversely affected by other water quality and environmental concerns. Such conditions could lead to an increase in the transmission of waterborne, environmental and hygiene related infections. We collected saliva samples from attendees at two Tribal Nation annual festivals and tested them for salivary immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to selected common infections using an in-house multiplex immunoassay. Antibody responses were compared to responses from a previously conducted study in the midwestern United States.

Methods
We collected and tested 531 samples from Tribal Nation sites and used data on 453 previously analyzed samples from the Midwest site. Logistic and linear regression models were used to model a binary classification of seropositivity and the intensity of the antibody response, respectively.

Results
Seroprevalence of chronic infections (Helicobacter pylori and Toxoplasma gondii) were generally consistent with estimates from population-based studies. Compared to the Midwest site, one of the Tribal Nation sites had consistently higher median antibody responses to several noroviruses. The Tribal Nation sites had a lower seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus antibodies. At the Tribal Nation sites, farm residents had higher antibody responses to Cryptosporidium spp., bottled water consumption was associated with lower responses to Cryptosporidium spp., animal contact was associated with T. gondii seropositivity, and recent diarrhea was associated with higher norovirus antibody responses. Helicobacter pylori seropositivity was associated with reduced odds of reporting allergies.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated the application of a multiplex salivary immunoassay in Tribal Nations to provide insights regarding selected common pathogens which are transmitted through different transmission pathways including person-to-person contacts, contaminated food, soil and drinking water.
A Survey About Universal Numerical Integrators (UNIs): Part II or Quantitative Approach
Authors: Tasinaffo Paulo M. , Dias Luiz A. V. , da Cunha Adilson M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn Part I, we focused more on the intuitive and geometrical concepts behind Universal Numerical Integrators (UNIs) and their possible classification. This first article worked almost as a categorical analysis for UNIs. In Part I, we also saw an extensive literature review about them. However, in Part II, we examine the mathematics that makes it possible to couple a conventional numerical integrator to some universal approximator of functions. Here, we also present an essential list of the significant mathematical properties related to the design of a UNI. We also hope that the theoretical content in these two articles can help guide researchers aiming to computationally design general problems related to some Universal Numerical Integrator (UNI).
Needle-free intradermal vaccination, an opportunity to improve commercial pig welfare
Authors: Lewis Isabel , Wishart Harriet , Breeze Ellie , Setter Poppy , Amory Jonathan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In-farm livestock production vaccinations are commonly delivered intramuscularly using needles. While there are alternative strategies these have been subject to little attention and limited commercialisation. One such alternative is needle-free vaccines and studies have focused on the immune response few have addressed the welfare implications. This study aims to compare the impact of intradermal needle-free vaccination and intramuscular injection in terms of the welfare of the piglets. A total of 179 piglets were divided into two treatments: intradermal needle-free delivery and intramuscular delivery of a vaccine. Measures of health and welfare included, vocalisations, behavioural observations, papule formation, and weight. Piglets vaccinated via the needle-free intradermal route vocalised less and displayed no significant behavioural differences but showed increased weight compared to piglets vaccinated intramuscularly. The use of a needle-free device to deliver a vaccine through an intradermal route revealed no adverse effects on piglet welfare and supports the use of alternative strategies to vaccinate livestock.
Career Outcomes Among Neurosurgery Resident Graduates in Canada: An Update
Authors: Elkaim Lior M. , Niazi Farbod , Tso Michael K. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Many Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) graduates in neurosurgery face significant challenges in finding full-time employment. The current study describes the career outcomes of neurosurgery residents from Canadian programs.Methods:All RCPSC neurosurgery graduates (n = 106) who completed their residency between 2015 and 2020 were included in this study. Baseline characteristics were determined for the entire cohort and then stratified by employment status. Several logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of full-time employment after residency.Results:Overall, 26.4% of neurosurgery graduates from 2015 to 2020 have been underemployed, defined as locum and clinical associate positions (6.6%), the pursuit of multiple fellowships (16%) and career change/nonsurgical career (3.8%). Only 52.0% of graduates were fully employed in Canada, with 30.2% appointed at academic institutions. Skull-base/open vascular (OR: 0.055, 95%CI [<0.01, 0.74]) and general neurosurgery (OR: 0.027, 95% CI [<0.01, 0.61]) fellowships were associated with underemployment. Advanced research degrees (master’s or Ph.D.) and sex were not associated with full-time employment.Conclusions:Over one-quarter of recent Canadian neurosurgery graduates were underemployed, and nearly half do not find employment in Canada. These results reflect a concerning reality for current and prospective neurosurgery graduates in Canada and will hopefully serve as a call to action for the Canadian neurosurgery community.
The Use of Augmented Reality in Tabletop Exercise for Disaster Preparedness Training: A Descriptive Abstract
Authors: Ahayalimudin Nurul Ain , Ahmad Jais Syaza Izni Inarah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Augmented reality (AR) is a valuable tool in disaster preparedness training such as tabletop exercises that enhances the exercise by overlaying digital information and virtual objects.

Objective
This study intends to develop an application using AR to be used during the exercise.

Methods
The data is collected through interviews on the opinions and views of the experts from five main agencies in a disaster response; the National Disaster Management Agency, the Royal Malaysia Police, the Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia, the Ministry of Health, and the Malaysia Civil Defence Department, discussing their duties during a flood scenario. The consensus achieved after series of interviews with the experts, including document reviews guided by National Security Council Directive 20.

Results
The AR approach is created through ‘marker-based’ which use an image recognition to build up an engaging ‘storyline’ of flood scenario. It includes the updates on the changing plot during the exercise using an ‘inject’ meant to progress the plot and provide fresh data to evaluate and react to.

Discussion
Integrating virtual objects and entities into the tabletop exercise is made possible by AR, where it revolutionises how disaster responders being trained using an approach that more engaging and effective.
Tunable X-ray frequency comb generation at the Shanghai soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser facility
Authors: Ni Lanpeng , Xiao Yaozong , Qi Zheng , Feng Chao , Zhao Zhentang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
X-ray frequency combs (XFCs) are of great interest in many scientific research areas. In this study, we investigate the generation of high-power tunable XFCs at the Shanghai soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser facility (SXFEL). To achieve this, a chirped frequency-beating laser is employed as the seed laser for echo-enabled harmonic generation of free-electron lasers. This approach enables the formation of an initial bunching of combs and ultimately facilitates the generation of XFCs under optimized conditions. We provide an optical design for the chirped frequency-beating seed laser system and outline a method to optimize and set the key parameters that meets the critical requirements for generating continuously tunable XFCs. Three-dimensional simulations using realistic parameters of the SXFEL demonstrate that it is possible to produce XFCs with peak power reaching 1.5 GW, central photon energy at the carbon K edge (~284 eV) and tunable repetition frequencies ranging from 7 to 12 THz. Our proposal opens up new possibilities for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering experiments at X-ray free-electron laser facilities.