bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exploration of whether engineers differ from non-engineers in their approach to negotiations
Authors: Goldman Barry , Cooper Dylan A. , Koc Cagatay 
Published: June 2019

PurposeIn this investigation, the authors aim to ask whether engineers, as a profession, share distinct characteristics in their attitudes and behaviors relating to negotiations. Based on a review of the literature, the authors answer in the affirmative. Generally speaking, the existing studies on individual differences of engineers conclude that they are more conscientious, more goal-driven, more competitive and less people-oriented than non-engineers. The authors suggest that these differences have significant consequences on how engineers engage in negotiations. In particular, the authors propose that engineers’ approach to negotiation includes differences related to distributive versus integrative negotiation, emotional intelligence, perspective-taking and preferred persuasion techniques.Design/methodology/approachThis paper involves an integrated literature review, combining research in management, psychology and engineering to investigate whether engineers approach negotiations differently from non-engineers.FindingsThe authors suggest that individual differences between engineers and non-engineers have significant consequences for how engineers engage in negotiations. In particular, the authors propose that engineers’ approach to negotiation includes differences related to distributive versus integrative negotiation, emotional intelligence, perspective-taking and preferred persuasion techniques.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors offer 11 research propositions in areas relating to how engineers engage in distributive versus integrative negotiations, emotional intelligence, perspective-taking and their preferred persuasive techniques.Practical implicationsThere are important implications for how engineers and their supervisors should be aware of these differences between how engineers and non-engineers view negotiations and how these differences may affect them and their employing organizations. There are also cultural implications, particularly for organizations for which engineers comprise a majority or a minority of the workforce composition.Social implicationsThere are important implications for diversity in the engineering profession, especially as it relates to the hiring of women in engineering (as they now comprise a small minority of the profession).Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that investigates how engineers negotiate. Because engineering is a hugely important contributor to society, the results of this have important implications for the society.
Lived experiences of street girls in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Moss Tamarah , Muriuki Andrew M. , Maposa Sithokozile , Kpebo Denise 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe United Nations continues to identify street children as one of the most vulnerable sub-populations of children and youth globally. The purpose of this paper is to present social and contextual perspectives of 11 girls living on the streets of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Implications with respect to the development and delivery of effective sexual/reproductive and mental health interventions and services are discussed.Design/methodology/approachThrough semi-structured interviews and applied qualitative thematic analysis, this paper aims to achieve in-depth understanding about the lives of 11 girls living on the street. A socio-ecological framework is utilized to interpret the experiences of the girls at the individual (micro), community (mezzo) and structural (macro) levels.FindingsSix main themes evolved from the thematic analysis of interview transcripts: exposure to violence and abuse before and on the street, exposure to violence and sex work, risk and vulnerability to HIV, substance use and sex work, substance use and physical and reproductive health and ways of coping and future planning.Originality/valueThe interplay of experiences illustrates how girls navigate their lives, and along with an appreciation of intersectionality validates the need for an integrated approach to health and social care related to health and mental health services. Integrated interventions should focus on common issues such as improving access to HIV testing and contraceptives for young girls living on the street.
Verbal tones in sustainability assurance statements
Authors: Hassan Aminu 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to examine, through the lens of language expectancy theory (LET), how sustainability assurors use optimism and certainty in possible persuasion attempts. The paper also explores a number of explanatory variables that could offer insights into the use of these verbal tones in sustainability assurance reports.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the paper relies on DICTION standard normalised optimism and certainty ranges in conjunction with descriptive statistics to analyse how sustainability assurors use optimism and certainty. Second, the paper uses quantile regression with robust standard errors to investigate the association between the measures of verbal tone used in this study and several possible explanatory variables.FindingsConsistent with LET, the study documents that sustainability assurors exercise caution in using both certainty and optimism in persuasion attempts. The paper also finds that possible explanatory variables significantly associated with optimism include praise, assurance level, legal system and report location. However, reference to sustainability management control (SMC), status of assurance providers, praise, legal system and financial performance appear to explain the use of certainty.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper does not, at this stage, claim causality between the two measures of verbal tone, on the one hand, and the possible explanatory variables explored, on the other hand. It rather reports their possible associations. Furthermore, the study only measures reference to management control system and not reliance on it.Practical implicationsThe main findings of this study imply that the use of optimism and certainty exhibits likely cautious practice by assurors. Nevertheless, assurors are more likely to use certainty more flexibly and appear more discreet when using optimism.Social implicationsThe findings of this paper also indicate how societal expectations play an important role in ensuring cautious persuasive behaviour by sustainability assurors in using verbal tones within sustainability assurance statements. This suggests that stakeholders may place reliance on attestations expressed in these statements.Originality/valueThe paper represents the first attempt to test LET in sustainability accounting by analysing verbal tones used by sustainability assurance providers. It contributes to the sustainability assurance literature in that it empirically demonstrates how sustainability assurors, as expert communicators, use optimistic tone and verbal certainty in careful persuasion attempts.
Corporate water management systems and incentives to self-discipline
Authors: Zhang Linhan , Tang Qingliang 
Published: June 2019

PurposeWater management is an emerging practice. This paper aims to propose a theoretical model of a corporate water management system (WMS) and empirically explores whether superior water management improves water use performance.Design/methodology/approachOur model of WMS consists of 10 structural elements. We draw on self-discipline theory to predict the results and use archival data from the Carbon Disclosure Project to measure and evaluate the overall quality and effectiveness of the water management of our sample companies.FindingsCompanies motivated to adopt self-discipline tend to proactively implement high-quality WMSs. However, further analyses suggest that water management without regulatory sanctions appears insufficient for reducing water usage, at least in the short term. Overall, this study reveals a clear and growing tendency for businesses to manage water risks and a corresponding momentum toward more rigid control of water consumption.Research limitations/implicationsCorporate participation in the Carbon Disclosure Project survey is voluntary. Thus, the data in this paper are subject to self-selection bias, and what the companies claim concerning their behavior may not reflect the reality of their business practices. In addition, the inferences drawn here are based on data from only large firms. Future researchers could investigate whether and how corporate WMS continued to develop or decline in recent years, and how such practices integrate with other aspects of management (including carbon and energy).Practical implicationsThis paper responds to water scarcity by exploring how the development of corporate WMS is driven by self-discipline motivation. This study sets out an agenda for the future of water accounting and management which can be used to guide research and stimulate extension in practice. Governments and non-governmental organizations may utilize the results to guide and bind corporations to achieve sustainability.Social implicationsThe efficient use of freshwater is essential for sustainability, but limited studies have addressed the issue. The current paper explores this important issue, and our findings suggest regulatory institution is necessary to effectively enhance water usage.Originality/valueThis paper represents an early attempt to model corporate water management practices. A WMS should facilitate resilience in water management, measurement of water performance, and comparability among firms. This study contributes to the conceptualization and empirical assessment of self-discipline in motivated water management and enhances the validity and applicability of the theory of self-disciplining in sustainability research.
Disrupted faces, disrupted identities? Embodiment, life stories and acquired facial ‘disfigurement’
Authors: Martindale Anne‐Marie , Fisher Pamela 
Published: June 2019

AbstractQuestions about the relationship between faces, ‘disfigurement’ and identity intensified following the first facial transplant (2005). Over a decade later, empirical research exploring the influence of acquired facial ‘disfigurement’ on embodied identity disruption and re‐formation remains limited. A common strand of thinking assumes identities are contained within faces. Commentators have suggested that identities can be diminished through ‘disfigurement’ and restored or replaced through reconstruction or transplantation. The authors question this claim and provide a conceptually informed, empirical alternative drawing on the results of a phenomenologically located, narrative study exploring identity shift in British adults following acquired ‘disfigurement’. Findings suggest that faces are important to humans and that identities can be disrupted in the aftermath of facial ‘disfigurement’. Though, the relationship is not simple and cannot be predicted by the degree of corporeal change. Disrupted, liminal and contradictory strands of identity emerged; pre‐existing identities were strengthened, new ones emerged, and other non‐related experiences were also influential. Nuanced relationality was at the heart of participant sense‐making. Consequently, the authors reject the idea that identities are contained within faces and call for the development of a wider social and relational facial phenomenology to more comprehensively explore this fascinating, multifaceted relationship.
Placental growth factor testing for suspected pre‐eclampsia: a cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Duhig KE , Seed PT , Myers JE , Bahl R , Bambridge G , Barnfield S , Ficquet J , Girling JC , Khalil A , Shennan AH , Chappell LC , Hunter RM 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo calculate the cost‐effectiveness of implementing PlGF testing alongside a clinical management algorithm in maternity services in the UK, compared with current standard care.DesignCost‐effectiveness analysis.SettingEleven maternity units participating in the PARROT stepped‐wedge cluster‐randomised controlled trial.PopulationWomen presenting with suspected pre‐eclampsia between 20+0 and 36+6 weeks’ gestation.MethodsMonte Carlo simulation utilising resource use data and maternal adverse outcomes.Main outcome measuresCost per maternal adverse outcome prevented.ResultsClinical care with PlGF testing costs less than current standard practice and resulted in fewer maternal adverse outcomes. There is a total cost‐saving of UK£149 per patient tested, when including the cost of the test. This represents a potential cost‐saving of UK£2,891,196 each year across the NHS in England.ConclusionsClinical care with PlGF testing is associated with the potential for cost‐savings per participant tested when compared with current practice via a reduction in outpatient attendances, and improves maternal outcomes. This economic analysis supports a role for implementation of PlGF testing in antenatal services for the assessment of women with suspected pre‐eclampsia.Tweetable abstractPlacental growth factor testing for suspected pre‐eclampsia is cost‐saving and improves maternal outcomes.
Correlation of diet, microbiota and metabolite networks in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Weng Yi Jie , Gan Huo Ye , Li Xiang , Huang Yun , Li Zheng Chao , Deng Hui Min , Chen Su Zuan , Zhou Yu , Wang Li Sheng , Han Yan Ping , Tan Ya Fang , Song Ya Jun , Du Zong Min , Liu Yang Yang , Wang Ye , Qin Nan , Bai Yang , Yang Rui Fu , Bi Yu Jing , Zhi Fa Chao 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesMicrobiota dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been widely reported. The gut microbiota connect diet to the metabolism by producing small molecules via diverse metabolic pathways. In this study we aimed to investigate the dietary preferences of IBD patients, and to explore the interactions among gut microbiota composition, dietary components, and metabolites in relation to IBD.MethodsDietary preferences of IBD patients (including those with ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn's disease [CD]) and health controls were investigated, and their gut microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic analyses of fecal and biopsy samples. The metabolite profiles of the samples were then analyzed using gas and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analyses.ResultsThe daily intake of folic acid, niacin, vitamins C and D, calcium, and selenium differed significantly between patients with IBD and healthy controls. A decrease in long‐chain (such as arachidic, and oleic acid) and medium‐chain fatty acids (sebacic acid and isocaproic acid) as well as bile acid was observed in patients with IBD. Compared with healthy controls, 22 microbial species (including Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, and Clostridium clostridioforme CAG132) in the UC group and 37 microbial species (such as Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium nucleatum) in the CD group were found to be correlated to diet and metabolites. Bacteroides fragilis was enriched in patients with IBD and associated with multi‐nutrients, and 21 metabolites including 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 and taurolithocholic acid.ConclusionsThis study provides an interaction network to identify key micronutrients, microbiota components and metabolites that contribute to IBD.
Potential benefits of biologics on stroke and mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A nationwide population‐based cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Tang Chao‐Hsiun , Yu Fun , Huang Ching‐Ya , Chen Der‐Yuan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo examine the changes in the risks of death and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with conventional synthetic or biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARD or bDMARD) during 1997‐2013.MethodsTwo cohorts of RA patients and their matched controls were identified from the National Health Insurance Research database. There were 1569 patients in the csDMARD cohort who received cyclosporine ≥50 mg/d with concomitant usage of ≥2 csDMARDs during 1997‐2003. There were 1530 patients in the bDMARD cohort if patients had ≥1 claim for bDMARD during 2003‐2011. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for the risk of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, were assessed using the Kaplan‐Meier survival curves and the Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsCompared with matched cohorts, the incidence of death was higher with csDMARD with a more than 6‐fold increase (csDMARD vs controls: 33% vs 5%); while it only increased with a much smaller magnitude with bDMARD (bDMARD vs controls: 15% vs 11%). In addition, an increase in the reduction of incidence rate of stroke with bDMARD (bDMARD vs controls: 2% vs 5%) than that with csDMARD (csDMARD vs controls: 3% vs 4%) was found. Results from multivariate analysis showed that RA patients receiving bDMARD had a significantly lower increase in the risk of deaths (aHR 1.05; 95% CI 0.84‐1.33) compared with those receiving csDMARD (aHR 8.75; 95% CI 7.43‐10.31). In addition, bDMARD was associated with a higher reduction in the risk of stroke compared with csDMARD (bDMARD: aHR 0.37; 95% CI 0.22‐0.62; csDMARD: aHR 0.73; 95% CI 0.51‐1.05).ConclusionBiologics used in RA patients have been shown to have a beneficial impact on improving clinical outcomes, including decreased risks of death and stroke. The economic burden from costs of biologics may be alleviated by improving outcomes.
Sequential innovation, patent policy, and the dynamics of the replacement effect
Authors: Parra Álvaro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractI study how patent policy—characterized by patent length and forward protection—affects Research and Development (R&D) dynamics, leadership persistence, and market structure. Firms' R&D investments increase as the patent's expiration date approaches. Through forward protection, followers internalize the leader's replacement effect. In protective systems, this internalization is substantial, reversing Arrow's traditional result: followers invest less than leaders at every moment of the patent's life. I study the policy that maximizes innovative activity. Overly protective policies decrease innovation pace through two mechanisms: delaying firms' investments toward the end of the patent's life and decreasing the number of firms performing R&D.
Polygenic risk for alcohol misuse is moderated by romantic partnerships
Authors: Barr Peter B. , Kuo Sally I‐Chun , Aliev Fazil , Latvala Antti , Viken Richard , Rose Richard J. , Kaprio Jaakko , Salvatore Jessica E. , Dick Danielle M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsPrevious twin research suggests relationship status can moderate underlying genetic liability towards alcohol misuse. This paper examined: (1) whether genome‐wide polygenic scores (GPS) for alcohol consumption are associated with alcohol misuse; (2) whether these GPS are moderated by romantic relationships (gene–environment interaction; G × E) and (3) whether G × E results are consistent across sex.DesignLinear mixed‐effects models were used to test associations between genome‐wide polygenic scores, relationship status and alcohol use/misuse.SettingFinnish twins born between 1983 and 1987 identified through Finland's central population registry.ParticipantsAn intensively studied subset of Finnish Twin Study (FinnTwin12) during the young adult phase (aged 20–26 years). The analytical sample includes those with complete interview and genetic data (n = 1201).MeasurementsKey measurements included involvement in a romantic partnership, drinking frequency, intoxication frequency and DSM‐IV alcohol dependence (AD) symptoms. Genome‐wide polygenic scores (GPS) were created from available summary statistics from a large genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of drinks per week.ResultsGPS predicted drinking frequency [b = 0.109; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.050, 0.168], intoxication frequency (b = 0.111; 95% CI = 0.054, 0.168) and AD symptoms (b = 0.123; 95% CI = 0.064, 0.182). Having a romantic relationship negatively influenced the association between GPS and drinking frequency (b = −0.105; 95% CI = −0.211, −0.001), intoxication frequency (b = −0.118; 95% CI = −0.220, −0.016) and AD symptoms (b = −0.119; 95% CI = −0.229, −0.009). There was a three‐way interaction between sex, relationship status and GPS for intoxication frequency (b = 0.223; 95% CI = 0.013, 0.433), such that the reduced association between GPS and intoxication frequency for those in a relationship was only apparent in males. We found no evidence of three‐way interactions for drinking frequency or AD symptoms.ConclusionsBeing in a romantic relationship reduced the association between genetic predisposition and drinking, high‐risk drinking and alcohol problems. However, for high‐risk drinking the protective effect was limited to males, mapping onto earlier findings suggesting that males benefit more from romantic partnerships.
Exposure to pictures of natural landscapes may reduce cigarette smoking
Authors: Wu Wen‐Hsiung , Chiou Wen‐Bin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsReducing temporal discounting may help smokers to reduce their smoking by improving inhibitory control. This study aimed to assess whether viewing pictures of natural versus urban scenes would cause participants to smoke fewer cigarettes mediated by lower temporal discounting.DesignA single‐factor (natural scene, urban scene and control) between‐subjects design was employed.SettingLaboratory at Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.ParticipantsA community sample of 93 daily smokers.Intervention and comparatorParticipants were exposed to pictures of natural or urban scenes or no images (control).MeasurementsThe discounting measure was implemented after the landscape exposure manipulation. Participants expressed their preferences related to winning a lottery by answering a series of nine binary choice questions, opting either to receive a certain amount of money immediately or varying amounts of money 1 year in the future. The dependent measure was cigarette consumption during an ostensible survey.FindingsParticipants exposed to pictures of natural scenes smoked fewer cigarettes [mean = 1.1 cigarettes, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.7, 1.6] than did those exposed to pictures of urban scenes (mean = 2.1 cigarettes, 95% CI = 1.7, 2.6, 0.002) and control participants (mean = 1.8 cigarettes, 95% CI = 1.4, 2.3, 0.029). The discounting rate mediated the association between exposure to nature and the amount of smoking (B = −0.62, 95% CI = −1.07, −0.20, P < 0.01).ConclusionsExposing smokers to pictures of natural landscapes may lead to reduced smoking by lowering temporal discounting.