bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel miRNA, miR-13664, targetsCpCYP314A1to regulate deltamethrin resistance inCulex pipiens pallens
Authors: Sun X. H. , Xu N. , Xu Y. , Zhou D. , Sun Y. , Wang W. J. , Ma L. , Zhu C. L. , Shen B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractExtensive insecticide use has led to the resistance of mosquitoes to these insecticides, posing a major barrier to mosquito control. Previous Solexa high-throughput sequencing ofCulex pipiens pallensin the laboratory has revealed that the abundance of a novel microRNA (miRNA), miR-13664, was higher in a deltamethrin-sensitive (DS) strain than a deltamethrin-resistant (DR) strain. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that the miR-13664 transcript level was lower in the DR strain than in the DS strain. MiR-13664 oversupply in the DR strain increased the susceptibility of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin, whereas inhibition of miR-13664 made the DS strain more resistant to deltamethrin. Results of bioinformatic analysis, quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, luciferase assay and miR mimic/inhibitor microinjection revealedCpCYP314A1to be a target of miR-13664. In addition, downregulation ofCpCYP314A1expression in the DR strain reduced the resistance of mosquitoes to deltamethrin. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-13664 could regulate deltamethrin resistance by interacting withCpCYP314A1, providing new insights into mosquito resistance mechanisms.
An unmanned helicopter control with partial small body force compensation: Experimental results
Authors: Godbolt Bryan , Lynch Alan F. 
Published: July 2018

SUMMARYA generally accepted helicopter model used for control includes the effect of Small Body Forces (SBF) which couple the vehicle's rotational subsystem inputs to its translational dynamics. SBF result from tail rotor thrust and lateral forces due to main rotor flapping. It is well-known that SBF lead to a theoretically challenging stabilization problem for the tracking error dynamics. Hence, much of the existing work has neglected SBF in order to simplify control design. We design a controller that directly compensates the influence of the tail rotor component of the SBF. The design is validated in simulation and flight tests.
On higher energy decompositions and the sum–product phenomenon
Authors: SHAKAN GEORGE 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLet A ⊂ ℝ be finite. We quantitatively improve the Balog–Wooley decomposition, that is A can be partitioned into sets B and C such that
$
\begin{equation*}
\max\{E^+(B) , E^{\times}(C)\} \lesssim |A|^{3 - 7/26}, \ \ \max \{E^+(B,A) , E^{\times}(C, A) \}\lesssim |A|^{3 - 1/4}.
\end{equation*}
$
We use similar decompositions to improve upon various sum–product estimates. For instance, we show
$
\begin{equation*}
|A+A| + |A A| \gtrsim |A|^{4/3 + 5/5277}.
\end{equation*}
$
Loss of follow-up in transition to adult CHD: a single-centre experience
Authors: Kollengode Madhukar S. , Daniels Curt J. , Zaidi Ali N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLapses in care during transition in adult CHD patients lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have investigated predictors of poor follow-up in universal healthcare paradigms and select American populations. We studied patients with a wide spectrum of CHD severity within a single American centre to identify factors associated with successful internal transition and maintenance of care. Loss of follow-up was defined as no documented cardiac follow-up for ⩾3 years. Ambulatory cardiology patients aged 16–17 years with CHD were retrospectively enrolled and contacted. A survey assessing demographics, patients’ understanding of their CHD, medical status, and barriers to care was administered. On the basis of chart review of 197 enrolled patients, 74 demonstrated loss of follow-up (37.6%). Of 78 successfully contacted patients, 58 were surveyed, of whom a minority had loss of follow-up (n=16). The status of most patients with loss of follow-up was not known. Maintenance of care was associated with greater complexity of CHD (p<0.01), establishment of care with an adult CHD provider (p<0.001), use of prescription medications (p<0.001), and receipt of education emphasising the importance of long-term cardiac care (p<0.003). Insurance lapses were not associated with loss of follow-up (p=0.08). Transition and maintenance of care was suboptimal even within a single centre. Over one-third of patients did not maintain care. Patients with greater-complexity CHD, need for medications, receipt of transition education, and care provided by adult CHD providers had superior follow-up.
Merging Undergraduate Teaching, Graduate Training, and Producing Research: Lessons from Three Collaborative Experiments
Authors: Bolsen Toby W. , Fairbanks Bailey R. , Aviles Eduardo E. , Pritchett Reagan G. , Kingsland Justin T. , LaPlant Kristina M. , Montgomery Matthew D. , Rogol Natalie C. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTTeaching undergraduate students, mentoring graduate students, and generating publishable research are distinct tasks for many political scientists. This article highlights lessons for merging these activities through experiences from an initiative that sparked a series of collaborative-research projects focused on opinions about crime and punishment in the United States. This article describes three collaborative projects conducted between 2015 and 2017 to demonstrate how to merge undergraduate teaching, graduate training, and producing research. By participating in these projects, students learned about social-scientific research through hands-on experiences designing experiments, collecting and analyzing original data, and reporting empirical findings to a public audience. This approach is an effective way to engage students and generate research that can advance professional goals.
What is a Social Practice?
Authors: Haslanger Sally 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper provides an account of social practices that reveals how they are constitutive of social agency, enable coordination around things of value, and are a site for social intervention. The social world, on this account, does not begin when psychologically sophisticated individuals interact to share knowledge or make plans. Instead, culture shapes agents to interpret and respond both to each other and the physical world around us. Practices shape us as we shape them. This provides resources for understanding why social practices tend to be stable, but also reveals sites and opportunities for change. (Challenge social meanings! Intervene in the material conditions!)
Lady Parts: The Metaphysics of Pregnancy
Authors: Kingma Elselijn 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhat is the metaphysical relationship between the fetus/embryo and the pregnant organism? In this paper I apply a substance metaphysics view developed by Barry Smith and Berit Brogaard to argue, on the basis of topological connectedness, that fetuses/embryos are Lady-Parts: part of the maternal organism up until birth. This leaves two options. Either mammalian organisms begin at birth, or we revise our conception of organisms such that mammalian organisms can be part of other mammals. The first option has some advantages: it is numerically neat; aligns with an intuitive picture of organisms as physically distinct individuals; and ties ‘coming into existence’ to a suitably recognisable and important event: birth. But it denies that the fetus survives birth, or that human organisms existed prior to their birth. The second option allows us to recognise that human organisms exist prior to and survive their birth, but at a cost: it leaves the question of when an organism comes into existence unanswered, and demands potentially far-reaching conceptual revision across a range of domains.
Towards a Hylomorphic Solution to the Grounding Problem
Authors: Koslicki Kathrin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConcrete particular objects (e.g. living organisms) figure saliently in our everyday experience as well as our in our scientific theorizing about the world. Ahylomorphicanalysis of concrete particular objects holds that these entities are, in some sense, compounds of matter (hūlē) and form (morphēoreidos). TheGrounding Problemasks why an object and its matter (e.g. a statue and the clay that constitutes it) can apparently differ with respect to certain of their properties (e.g. the clay's ability to survive being squashed, as compared to the statue's inability to do so), even though they are otherwise so much alike. In this paper, I argue that a hylomorphic analysis of concrete particular objects, in conjunction with a non-modal conception of essence of the type encountered for example in the works of Aristotle and Kit Fine, has the resources to yield a solution to the Grounding Problem.
Essence and Mere Necessity
Authors: Leech Jessica 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecently, a debate has developed between those who claim that essence can be explained in terms ofde remodality (modalists), and those who claim thatde remodality can be explained in terms of essence (essentialists). The aim of this paper is to suggest that we should reassess. It is assumed that either necessity is to be accounted for in terms of essence, or that essence is to be accounted for in terms of necessity. I will argue that we should assume neither. I discuss what role these key notions – essence and necessity – can reasonably be thought to contribute to our understanding of the world, and argue that, given these roles, there is no good reason to think that we should give an account of one in terms of the other. I conclude: if we can adequately explainde remodality and essence at all, we should aim to do so separately.
Cardinals, Ordinals, and the Prospects for a Fregean Foundation
Authors: Snyder Eric , Shapiro Stewart , Samuels Richard 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThere are multiple formal characterizations of the natural numbers available. Despite being inter-derivable, they plausibly codify different possible applications of the naturals – doing basic arithmetic, counting, and ordering – as well as different philosophical conceptions of those numbers: structuralist, cardinal, and ordinal. Some influential philosophers of mathematics have argued for a non-egalitarian attitude according to which one of those characterizations is ‘more basic’ or ‘more fundamental’ than the others. This paper addresses two related issues. First, we review some of these non-egalitarian arguments, lay out a laundry list of different, legitimate, notions of relative priority, and suggest that these arguments plausibly employ different such notions. Secondly, we argue that given a metaphysical-cum-epistemological gloss suggested by Frege's foundationalist epistemology, the ordinals are plausibly more basic than the cardinals. This is just one orientation to relative priority one could take, however. Ultimately, we subscribe to an egalitarian attitude towards these formal characterizations: they are, in some sense, equally ‘legitimate’.
Near‐Real‐Time Assimilation of SAR‐Derived Flood Maps for Improving Flood Forecasts
Authors: Hostache Renaud , Chini Marco , Giustarini Laura , Neal Jeffrey , Kavetski Dmitri , Wood Melissa , Corato Giovanni , Pelich Ramona‐Maria , Matgen Patrick 
Published: July 2018

AbstractShort‐ to medium‐range flood forecasts are central to predicting and mitigating the impact of flooding across the world. However, producing reliable forecasts and reducing forecast uncertainties remains challenging, especially in poorly gauged river basins. The growing availability of synthetic aperture radar (SAR)‐derived flood image databases (e.g., generated from SAR sensors such as Envisat advanced synthetic aperture radar) provides opportunities to improve flood forecast quality. This study contributes to the development of more accurate global and near real‐time remote sensing‐based flood forecasting services to support flood management. We take advantage of recent algorithms for efficient and automatic delineation of flood extent using SAR images and demonstrate that near real‐time sequential assimilation of SAR‐derived flood extents can substantially improve flood forecasts. A case study based on four flood events of the River Severn (United Kingdom) is presented. The forecasting system comprises the SUPERFLEX hydrological model and the Lisflood‐FP hydraulic model. SAR images are assimilated using a particle filter. To quantify observation uncertainty as part of data assimilation, we use an image processing approach that assigns each pixel a probability of being flooded based on its backscatter values. Empirical results show that the sequential assimilation of SAR‐derived flood extent maps leads to a substantial improvement in water level forecasts. Forecast errors are reduced by as much as 50% at the assimilation time step, and improvements persist over subsequent time steps for 24 to 48 hr. The proposed approach holds promise for improving flood forecasts at locations where observed data availability is limited but satellite coverage exists.
Quantifying Compressible Groundwater Storage by Combining Cross‐Hole Seismic Surveys and Head Response to Atmospheric Tides
Authors: Rau Gabriel C. , Acworth R. Ian , Halloran Landon J. S. , Timms Wendy A. , Cuthbert Mark O. 
Published: July 2018

Groundwater specific storage varies by orders of magnitude, is difficult to quantify, and prone to significant uncertainty. Estimating specific storage using aquifer testing is hampered by the nonuniqueness in the inversion of head data and the assumptions of the underlying conceptual model. We revisit confined poroelastic theory and reveal that the uniaxial specific storage can be calculated mainly from undrained poroelastic properties, namely, uniaxial bulk modulus, loading efficiency, and the Biot‐Willis coefficient. In addition, literature estimates of the solid grain compressibility enables quantification of subsurface poroelastic parameters using field techniques such as cross‐hole seismic surveys and loading efficiency from the groundwater responses to atmospheric tides. We quantify and compare specific storage depth profiles for two field sites, one with deep aeolian sands and another with smectitic clays. Our new results require bulk density and agree well when compared to previous approaches that rely on porosity estimates. While water in clays responds to stress, detailed sediment characterization from a core illustrates that the majority of water is adsorbed onto minerals leaving only a small fraction free to drain. This, in conjunction with a thorough analysis using our new method, demonstrates that specific storage has a physical upper limit of
m−1. Consequently, if larger values are derived using aquifer hydraulic testing, then the conceptual model that has been used needs reappraisal. Our method can be used to improve confined groundwater storage estimates and refine the conceptual models used to interpret hydraulic aquifer tests.
Predicting Global Ground Geoelectric Field With Coupled Geospace and Three‐Dimensional Geomagnetic Induction Models
Authors: Honkonen I. , Kuvshinov A. , Rastätter L. , Pulkkinen A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe forecast the global effects of space weather on the geoelectric and geomagnetic fields using a novel combination of methods. We use a realistic three‐dimensional (3‐D) model of Earth's electrical conductivity and a realistic representation of magnetospheric and ionospheric current systems. Our scheme involves the following steps: (1) We run a global magnetohydrodynamic model of the magnetosphere coupled to an electrostatic model of the ionosphere. (2) We calculate a global time series of the ground magnetic field resulting from the ionospheric, field‐aligned, and magnetospheric currents of the global magnetohydrodynamic model. (3) We approximate this external field by an equivalent source current flowing in a thin shell above Earth. (4) We calculate a global time series of geoelectric and geomagnetic fields from the equivalent current and a 3‐D conductivity model of Earth that also takes into account the coast effect due to large horizontal conductivity gradient. We verify our implementation by comparing the results against known analytic and numeric solutions, and then apply our scheme to the geomagnetic storm of 14 and 15 December 2006. In particular, we show that accounting for 3‐D structure of Earth's conductivity results in significantly enhanced geoelectric field at large lateral gradients of conductivity, especially in coastal regions, both at middle and high latitudes. In the studied geomagnetic storm the largest values of 3‐D geoelectric field are detected at high latitudes reaching 2.5 V/km and the 3‐D effect extends inland by a few hundred kilometers.
Statistics of Durations and Spacings of Equatorial Plasma Depletions Detected by the C/NOFS Planar Langmuir Probe
Authors: Costa Emanoel , Roddy Patrick A. , Ballenthin John O. , Groves Keith M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Planar Langmuir Probe onboard the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellite monitored ionospheric plasma densities and their irregularities with high resolution almost seamlessly for approximately five years since May 2008. Planar Langmuir Probe data from two different years (1 October 2008 to 30 September 2009 and 5 June 2012 to 4 June 2013) were selected for analysis. The first data set corresponds to solar minimum conditions, and the second one is as close to solar maximum conditions of solar cycle 24 as possible, with basis on their continuous availability. The results from a level‐crossing analysis applied to detrended evening‐time data from a fixed altitude range show how depletion durations and spacings between consecutive depletions are statistically distributed as functions of solar activity and longitude sector. In quantitative terms, they show that (i) the fewer depletions observed in the solar‐minimum year are also shorter, shallower, and closer together than those detected in the more active one and (ii) great similarities exist between structures of depletion durations and spacings between consecutive depletions observed in the South American and African longitude sectors, which are more noticeable than those associated with in the Indian‐Asian longitude sector.
Non-Invasive Markers (ALBI and APRI) Predict Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Gonsalkorala Enoka S. , Cannon Mary D. , Lim Tiong Yeng , Penna Leonie , Willliamson Catherine , Heneghan Michael A. 
Published: July 2018

objectives:
Rates of pregnancy in women with cirrhosis are increasing. Risk of hepatic decompensation during pregnancy, therefore, merits tailored obstetric and hepatology care. Prognostic markers that determine pregnancy outcomes are lacking.

METHODS:
Medical records of women who attended hepatology clinic at King’s College Hospital with chronic liver disease (CLD) who became pregnant from 1983 to 2017 were reviewed. Information on demographics, clinical history, serology, and outcome of pregnancy was collected.

RESULTS:
In all, 165 pregnancies occurred in 100 women with CLD including 80 pregnancies in 48 women with cirrhosis. Median age of conception in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic women were 26 years (16–44) and 28 years (16–51) respectively (p = 0.015). Whilst women with cirrhosis had similar live birth rate to non-cirrhotic women (75 vs. 85% p = 0.119), they were significantly less likely to proceed beyond 37 weeks gestation (45 vs. 58% p = 0.033). Women who received preconception counseling were more likely to have stable liver disease at conception (100 vs 86% p = 0.02). Compared with preconception MELD (model for end stage liver disease), preconception Albumin-Bilirubin score (ALBI) more accurately predicted live birth with an area under the receiver-operator curve (AUROC) of 0.741 (p < 0.001), and preconception AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) more accurately predicted ability to proceed beyond 37 weeks gestation with an AUROC of 0.700 (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Most women with cirrhosis who conceived achieved a successful pregnancy outcome. ALBI and APRI scores can prognosticate pregnancy outcomes in women with CLD. Preconception counseling by a hepatologist or specialist obstetrician improved patient care in this group.
Imbalanced LIMK1 and LIMK2 expression leads to human colorectal cancer progression and metastasis via promoting β-catenin nuclear translocation
Authors: Zhang Yue , Li Aimin , Shi Jiaolong , Fang Yuxin , Gu Chuncai , Cai Jianqun , Lin Chuang , Zhao Liang , Liu Side 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEpithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-induced metastasis contributes to human colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, especially in advanced CRC. However, the underlying mechanism of β-catenin in this process is elusive. We identified that LIM domain kinase (LIMK)2 was progressively downregulated with tumor progression from precancerous lesions to advanced cancer. Gain- and loss-of-function assays revealed that LIMK2 inhibits cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest at the G1–S transition and suppresses the ability of cell metastasis by restricting the EMT process. Reduced LIMK2 expression enhanced the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and activated the Wnt signaling pathway, thus contributing to tumor progression. A homolog of the LIMK family, LIMK1, which was overexpressed throughout tumor progression, served as a competitive inhibitor of LIMK2 via β-catenin nuclear translocation. The imbalanced expression of LIMK1 and LIMK2 is important in CRC progression, and the combined effects provide a new insight into the mechanism of CRC progression. These findings provide a new understanding for LIMK-based anticancer therapy.
Knockdown of Yin Yang 1 enhances anticancer effects of cisplatin through protein phosphatase 2A-mediated T308 dephosphorylation of AKT
Authors: Zhao Lu , Li Ran , Gan Ye-Hua 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCisplatin is still one of the first-line drugs for chemotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and shows a survival advantage for HNSCC. However, a substantial proportion of HNSCC eventually becomes resistance to cisplatin and the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multifunctional protein regulating both gene transcription and protein modifications and also plays a role in chemotherapy resistance. Here, we reported that knockdown of YY1 by lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA or tetracycline-inducible short hairpin RNA enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion in the HNSCC cell lines, and inhibition of the xenograft tumor growth. The underlying mechanisms were revealed that knockdown of YY1 downregulated both S473 and T308 phosphorylation of AKT (protein kinase B), which was mainly responsible for cisplatin resistance, whereas overexpression of YY1 upregulated both S473 and T308 phosphorylation. Cisplatin upregulated YY1 mRNA and protein expression and both S473 and T308 phosphorylation of AKT. In the presence of cisplatin, knockdown of YY1 not only blocked cisplatin-induced increase in S473 and T308 phosphorylation of AKT, but still downregulated T308 phosphorylation. Moreover, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) antagonist, okadaic acid, upregulated T308, but not S473, phosphorylation, and simultaneously abolished YY1 knockdown-mediated enhancement of cisplatin-induced inhibition of cell proliferation. In addition, knockdown of YY1 promoted PP2A activity through upregulating mRNA and protein expressions of PP2A catalytic subunit alpha (PPP2CA) through the binding of YY1 in the promoter of PPP2CA. Conversely, activating PP2A by forskolin also promoted YY1 degradation and subsequently inhibited T308 phosphorylation. These results suggested that knockdown of YY1 enhanced anticancer effects of cisplatin through PP2A mediating T308 dephosphorylation of AKT, and that targeting YY1 or PP2A would enhance the efficiency of cisplatin chemotherapy in treatment of HNSCC.