bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote ischemic conditioning for stroke: clinical data, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Zhao Wenbo , Li Sijie , Ren Changhong , Meng Ran , Jin Kunlin , Ji Xunming 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDespite great improvement during the past several decades, the management of stroke is still far from satisfactory, which warrants alternative or adjunctive strategies. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), an easy‐to‐use and noninvasive therapy, can be performed in various clinical scenarios (e.g., prehospital transportation, intrahospital, and at home), and it has been widely investigated for stroke management. RIC has been demonstrated to be well tolerated in patients with acute ischemic stroke and aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage, and it may benefit these patients by improving clinical outcomes; in patients with intracranial atherosclerosis, long‐term repeated RIC could be safely performed and benefit patients by reducing recurrent ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack, as well as improving cerebral perfusion status; long‐term repeated RIC may also benefit patients with cerebral small vessel disease by slowing cognitive decline and reducing volume of white matter hyperintensities on brain MRI; in patients with severe carotid atherosclerotic stenosis undergoing stenting, preprocedural RIC could reduce the odds of new brain lesions on postprocedural MRI. Previous clinical studies suggest broad future prospects of RIC in the field of cerebrovascular diseases. However, the optimal RIC protocol and the mechanisms that RIC protects the brain is not fully clear, and there is lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers of RIC, all these dilemmas prevent RIC from entering clinical practice. This review focuses on recent advances in clinical studies of RIC in stroke management, its challenges, and the potential directions of future studies.
Self‐Assembly Behavior of an Oligothiophene‐Based Conjugated Liquid Crystal and Its Implication for Ionic Conductivity Characteristics
Authors: Liu Ziwei , Dong Ban Xuan , Misra Mayank , Sun Yangyang , Strzalka Joseph , Patel Shrayesh N. , Escobedo Fernando A. , Nealey Paul F. , Ober Christopher K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this work, a joint experimental and computational study on the synthesis, self‐assembly, and ionic conduction characteristics of a new conjugated liquid crystal quaterthiophene/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO4) consisting of terminal tetraethyleneglycol monomethyl ether groups on both ends of a quaterthiophene core is performed. In agreement with molecular dynamic simulations, temperature‐dependent grazing‐incidence wide angle X‐ray scattering and X‐ray diffraction indicate that the molecule spontaneously forms a smectic phase at ambient temperature as characterized both in bulk and thin film configurations. Significantly, this smectic phase is maintained upon blending with bis(trifluoro‐methanesulfonyl)imide as ion source at a concentration ratio up to r = [Li+]/[EO] = 0.05. Nanosegregation between oligothiophene and PEO moieties and π–π stacking of thiophene rings lead to the formation of efficient 2D pathways for ion transport, resulting in thin‐film in‐plane ionic conductivity as high as 5.2 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 70 °C and r = 0.05 as measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Upon heating the samples above a transition temperature around 95 °C, an isotropic phase forms associated with a pronounced drop in ionic conductivity. Upon cooling, partial and local reordering of the conducting smectic domains leads to an ionic conductivity decrease compared to the as‐cast state.
Bioinspired Controllable Electro‐Chemomechanical Coloration Films
Authors: Bao Yinhua , Han Yu , Yang Le , Li Na , Luo Jingdong , Qu Wenjie , Chen Renjie , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Li Teng , Chen Haosen , Song Wei‐Li , Fang Daining 
Published: November 2018

AbstractColoration materials and devices with broad manipulatable color spectra and precisely controllable capability are highly pursued in various applications, such as camouflage engineering, optical sensors, anticounterfeiting technology, real‐time monitoring, and so on. For achieving the goals, in the present work, a conceptually novel bioinspired coloration film is demonstrated using nanoscale amorphous silicon (a‐Si) layer deposited on a reflective metal substrate. With precisely manipulating the reversible lithiation/delithiation behaviors, such coloration films enable to present consecutively tunable chromogenic property in a broad visible band, since the simultaneous changes in both chemical components and film thickness upon electrochemical processes substantially vary the conditions of destructive interference. Accordingly, the corresponding model based on electro‐chemomechanical coupling effects confirms the coloration mechanism induced by thickness and intrinsic properties (refraction index and optical absorptivity). Additionally, such coloration films also suggest universal design ability, namely tailoring the coloration spectra via simply changing film thicknesses and metal substrates. Thus, the results promise a versatile strategy for fabricating advanced coloration materials and devices that are pursued in specular reflection, sensing, anticounterfeiting, labels, displaying, and sensors.
Hollow‐Structured Metal Oxides as Oxygen‐Related Catalysts
Authors: Huang Keke , Sun Yu , Zhang Yuan , Wang Xiyang , Zhang Wei , Feng Shouhua 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMetal oxide hollow structures with large surface area, low density, and high loading capacity have received great attention for energy‐related applications. Acting as oxygen‐related catalysts, hollow‐structured transition metal oxides offer low overpotential, fast reaction rate, and excellent stability. Herein, recent progress in the oxygen‐related catalysis (e.g., oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and metal–air batteries) of hollow‐structured transition metal oxides is discussed. Through a comprehensive outline of hollow‐structured spinels, perovskites, rutiles, etc., a rational design strategy is provided for an enhanced oxygen‐related catalysis performance from the viewpoint of crystal structures. Urgent challenges and further research directions are presented for hollow‐structured transition metal oxides toward excellent oxygen‐related catalysis.
Asymmetric Resistive Switching Dynamics in BaTiO3 Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Qian Mengdi , Fina Ignasi , Sánchez Florencio , Fontcuberta Josep 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe resistive switching associated with polarization reversal is studied in detail in ferroelectric BaTiO3 tunnel junctions, with focus on the dynamics of the ferroelectric domain switching. It is observed that the transition between the high‐resistance state (HRS) and the low‐resistance state (LRS) is largely asymmetric being smooth from LRS to HRS, but proceeds via avalanches in the HRS‐to‐LRS transitions. It is shown that this distinct behavior is related to the presence of an imprint field in the junction and has important consequences on the junction's performance.
High‐Pressure Synthesis of A2NiO2Ag2Se2 (A=Sr, Ba) with a High‐Spin Ni2+ in Square‐Planar Coordination
Authors: Matsumoto Yuki , Yamamoto Takafumi , Nakano Kousuke , Takatsu Hiroshi , Murakami Taito , Hongo Kenta , Maezono Ryo , Ogino Hiraku , Song Dongjoon , Brown Craig M. , Tassel Cédric , Kageyama Hiroshi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSquare‐planar coordinate Ni2+ ions in oxides are exclusively limited to a low‐spin state (S=0) owing to extensive crystal field splitting. Layered oxychalcogenides A2NiIIO2Ag2Se2 (A=Sr, Ba) with the S=1 NiO2 square lattice are now reported. The structural analysis revealed that the Ni2+ ion is under‐bonded by a significant tensile strain from neighboring Ag2Se2 layers, leading to the reduction in crystal field splitting. Ba2NiO2Ag2Se2 exhibits a G‐type spin order at 130 K, indicating fairly strong in‐plane interactions. The high‐pressure synthesis employed here possibly assists the expansion of NiO2 square lattice by taking the advantage of the difference in compressibility in oxide and selenide layers.
Metathesis at an Implausible Site: A Formal Total Synthesis of Rhizoxin D
Authors: Karier Pol , Ungeheuer Felix , Ahlers Andreas , Anderl Felix , Wille Christian , Fürstner Alois 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe new approach to the anticancer agent rhizoxin D described herein does not cohere with the conventional logic of metathesis, according to which macrocycles are best closed at a disubstituted olefinic site; rather, the trisubstituted C11−C12 alkene flanked by an allylic ‐OH group served as the pivot point for synthesis. This motif was attained in good yield and excellent selectivity by a sequence of alkyne metathesis, trans‐hydrostannation and cross coupling. Because the exact same substructure is prominently featured in numerous other natural products, the underpinning strategy, though unusual, might bear more general relevance.
Effects of multicopper oxidase orientation in multiwalled carbon nanotube biocathodes on direct electron transfer
Authors: Takamura Eiichiro , Nakamura Takuto , Sakamoto Hiroaki , Satomura Takenori , Sakuraba Haruhiko , Ohshima Toshihisa , Suye Shin‐ichiro 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, multicopper oxidase (MCO) was immobilized on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at two different orientations, and the electrochemical properties of the resulting cathodes were investigated. Using N‐ or C‐terminal His‐tagged MCO and MWCNTs, we constructed two types of cathodes. We assumed that the distance between the type 1 (T1)Cu of the C‐terminal His‐tagged MCO and the MWCNT surface was lesser than that between the T1Cu of the N‐terminal His‐tagged MCO and the MWCNT surface. In addition, in the C‐terminal His‐tagged MCO, T1Cu was expected to be closer to the MWCNT surface than the type 2/type 3 Cu site. The current density of the modified electrode with a C‐terminal His‐tagged MCO immobilized on an MWCNT surface was 1.3‐fold higher than that of the electrode with an N‐terminal His‐tagged MCO immobilized on an MWCNT surface. In addition, the amount of H2O2 produced by the N‐terminal His‐tagged MCO immobilized MWCNT modified electrodes was 2.3‐fold higher than that produced by the C‐terminal His‐tagged MCO immobilized MWCNT electrodes. In direct electron transfer (DET)‐type biocathodes, both the MCO orientation and the distance between the T1Cu of MCO and the electrode surface are important. The authors succeeded in constructing highly efficient DET‐type electrodes.
Langzeitverhalten einer 170 m langen integralen Eisenbahnbrücke
Authors: Wenner Marc , Seidl Günter , Garn Robert , Marx Steffen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDie Rednitztalbrücke ist eine 170 m lange Eisenbahnbrücke. Die Pfeiler und die Widerlager sind monolithisch mit dem Überbau verbunden. Die im Jahr 1999 gebaute Brücke stellt für das Netz der DB AG wegen der Konstruktionsart und ihrer integralen Länge eine Besonderheit dar. Die Bauweise hat sich jedoch in den letzten 18 Jahren durch den sehr geringen Instandhaltungsaufwand bewährt. Um die Ansätze für die Berechnung langer integraler Brücken im Vergleich zu den heute üblichen Regeln zu verbessern, wurden am Bauwerk ein Langzeitmonitoring sowie rechnerische Untersuchungen vorgenommen. Das tatsächliche Verformungsverhalten des integralen Tragwerks und die Beanspruchung des darauf liegenden, durchgängigen Schotteroberbaus mit lückenlos verschweißter Schiene wurden mittels einer einjährigen Langzeitmessung erfasst. Im Anschluss erfolgte ein Vergleich zu einem numerischen Modell. Es konnten aus den Betrachtungen Rückschlüsse zur Aktivierung des Erdkörpers hinter dem Widerlager und zur Funktionsweise der Schleppplatte gezogen werden. Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Schienenbeanspruchung durch die Interaktion des Bauwerks mit dem Damm und durch das Verhalten des Schotterbetts günstig beeinflusst wird, sodass die zusätzlichen Schienenspannungen am Bauwerksende trotz der Bauwerkslänge von 170 m weit unterhalb der Grenzwerte bleiben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen in vieler Hinsicht ein vielversprechendes Potenzial für den Einsatz langer integraler Bauwerke für die Eisenbahn.
DSCAM‐AS1 regulates the G1/S cell cycle transition and is an independent prognostic factor of poor survival in luminal breast cancer patients treated with endocrine therapy
Authors: Sun Wei , Li An‐Qi , Zhou Ping , Jiang Yi‐Zhou , Jin Xi , Liu Yi‐Rong , Guo Ya‐Jie , Yang Wen‐Tao , Shao Zhi‐Ming , Xu Xiao‐En 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDSCAM‐AS1 is one of the few intensively studied lncRNAs with high specific expression in luminal breast cancer. It is directly regulated by estrogen receptor α (ERα) and plays vital roles in tumor proliferation, invasion, and tamoxifen resistance. However, the detailed function of DSCAM‐AS1 in tumor progression and its clinical significance remain unclear. We reveal that DSCAM‐AS1 regulates cell proliferation and colony formation by inducing the G1/S transition. RNA‐seq analysis demonstrated that DSCAM‐AS1 participates in crucial biological processes, including DNA replication, the G1/S phase transition, sister chromatid cohesion, chromosome segregation, protein localization to the chromosome and DNA recombination. Most importantly, in the retrospectively registered clinical analysis, high expression of DSCAM‐AS1 is a poor prognostic factor in patients with luminal breast cancer treated with endocrine therapy. In conclusion, DSCAM‐AS1 is a promising clinical therapeutic target that may prolong survival of luminal breast cancer patients treated with endocrine therapy.
Cleft mitral leaflets and severe mitral regurgitation: Testing the limits of percutaneous mitral valve repair
Authors: Cheng Richard , Kar Saibal , Siegel Robert J. , Nakamura Mamoo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRepair of mitral regurgitation (MR) with the MitraClip device (Abbot Vascular, Menlo Park, CA) to treat degenerative MR is associated with improved acute and long‐term outcomes. There is an increasing adoption of the device and operators are now testing the limits of the therapy even for unfavorable anatomies. Isolated cleft mitral leaflets are rare but represent a challenge to percutaneous repair. We present two cases of successful repair of severe MR and cleft mitral leaflets. In the first case, a 52‐year‐old male with a dilated cardiomyopathy and an ejection fraction (EF) of 15% presented in decompensated heart failure. Workup revealed a pseudo‐cleft anterior mitral leaflet and a cleft posterior leaflet. A strategy to treat the restricted posterior leaflet lateral of the posterior cleft with a provisional second clip resulted in trace residual MR with only one clip, and an EF improvement to 50% at 2‐month follow‐up. In the second case, an 80‐year‐old male with a history of obstructive CAD with a normal EF but severe MR and a restricted anterior leaflet presented with severe shortness of breath. An initial strategy to grasp the middle of the valve was unsuccessful due to the cleft. Instead, two clips were placed side‐by‐side on either side of the cleft resulting in trivial residual MR. Despite challenging anatomy percutaneous repair can allow for dramatic reduction in MR, resulting in significant left ventricular remodeling and improvement of EF and cardiac output.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction of Dihydrosilanes and Vinyl Iodides in the Presence of Alcohols: Rapid Assembly of Silyl Ethers of Tertiary Silanes
Authors: Yuan Weiming , Orecchia Patrizio , Oestreich Martin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA one‐pot reaction that directly converts dihydrosilanes into silyl ethers of tertiary silanes is reported. Under palladium catalysis, one Si−H bond of the dihydrosilane formally engages in C(sp3)−Si bond formation with a vinyl iodide while the other Si−H bond is transformed into a silyl iodide that undergoes facile alcoholysis with an alcohol. The C−C double bond is reduced in that process. This three‐component reaction provides in a single synthetic operation an access to silyl ethers of functionalized and hindered alcohols. Several of those would otherwise be difficult to make but the intermediacy of a highly reactive silyl iodide even allows for tert‐butanol to react at room temperature.
In‐situ upgrading of heavy oil using nano‐catalysts: A computational fluid dynamics study of hydrogen and vacuum residue injection
Authors: Elahi Seyed Moein , Ahmadi Khoshooei Milad , Scott Carlos E. , Chen Zhangxin , Pereira‐Almao Pedro 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA novel nano‐catalytic in‐situ upgrading technology (ISUT) using hot fluid injection for heavy oil and bitumen production and recovery has been proposed recently (Pereira‐Almao et al., in‐situ upgrading via hot fluid injection, US Patent US20150114636A1). In this method, a vacuum distillation unit is used to separate the vacuum residue of the produced oil. The nano‐catalysts are then dispersed into the vacuum residue (VR) and are re‐injected in the reservoir, along with hydrogen. However, because of the difference in the interface forces in the residue/gas mixture, segregation of gas is possible. A practical hydrogen to VR ratio of 120 Scc/cc is employed to study the physical separation possibility within actual reservoir/well geometry. VR and hydrogen are injected at 357 and 100 °C, respectively. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is employed to model the VR + H2injection using the volume of fluid (VOF) method. Sensitivity analysis on reservoir pressure, mixing layout, and hydrogen solubility is also conducted.
The promotion effects of TiO2 on the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 over ceo2‐WO3/ZrO2: The catalytic performance and reaction route
Authors: Liu Shuang , Sun Mengmeng , Lin Qingjin , Xu Haidi , Wang Jianli , Chen Yaoqiang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractZrO2‐TiO2 mixed oxides with different contents of TiO2 were prepared by a co‐precipitation method, which were used as the carrier material of CeO2‐WO3/ZrO2‐TiO2 catalysts. The influence of doping TiO2 on NH3‐SCR activity and reaction path of CeO2‐WO3/ZrO2 was systematically investigated by several techniques, including N2‐physisorption, XRD, H2‐TPR, XPS, NOx‐TPD, NH3‐TPD, and in situ DRIFTS. The activity result suggested that the CeO2‐WO3/ZrO2‐TiO2 with 0.20 g/g TiO2 exhibited the optimal NH3‐SCR performance, its operational temperature window was broadened about 55 °C from 254–445 °C of CeO2‐WO3/ZrO2 to 221–467 °C of CeO2‐WO3/ZrO2‐TiO2. The characterization results indicated that the reducibility of CeO2‐WO3/ZrO2 was obviously improved by adding TiO2 into ZrO2, which could improve the low‐temperature NH3‐SCR activity. Besides, TiO2‐doping enhanced the adsorption and activation of NH3, which played a positive role in NH3‐SCR reaction. Finally, the results of in situ DRIFTS demonstrated that the NH3‐SCR reaction route could be transferred from the Eley‐Rideal mechanism over CeO2‐WO3/ZrO2 to the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood mechanism over CeO2‐WO3/ZrO2‐TiO2 at 250 °C.
18F‐Labeled Derivatives of Irbesartan for Angiotensin II Receptor PET Imaging
Authors: Hoffmann Matthias , Chen Xinyu , Hirano Mitsuru , Arimitsu Kenji , Kimura Hiroyuki , Higuchi Takahiro , Decker Michael 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) is a hormonal cascade involved in the regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte balance, and represents a common target for the treatment of various diseases including hypertension, heart failure, and diabetes. Herein we present a novel 18F‐labeled derivative of the drug irbesartan, one of the most prescribed angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonists, for in vivo positron emission tomography (PET). This allows the in vivo measurement of AT1R expression, and thus the evaluation of functional changes in its expression under pathophysiological conditions. We followed various synthetic approaches optimized for the introduction of fluorine into different positions of the aliphatic side chain of irbesartan. Radioligand binding studies revealed that fluorine atoms at specified positions (α‐position (IC50=6.6 nm) and δ‐position (IC50=8.5 nm) of the aliphatic side chain) do not alter the binding properties of irbesartan (IC50=1.6 nm). After successful radiolabeling with fluorine‐18 in a radiochemical yield of 11 %, we observed high renal uptake in healthy rats and pigs, which could be decreased by pretreatment with the parent compound irbesartan.
Analysis of Organelle Positioning Using Patterned Microdevices
Authors: Capmany Anahi , Latgé Bruno , Schauer Kristine 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe consequences of alterations in the distribution of intracellular organelles, observed in many diseases, are often not clear. Intracellular organelles alter their morphology and positioning to regulate cell homeostasis and function. We outline how organelle positioning can be studied employing a density‐based analysis of 3D images applied to cells that show similar cellular geometries. Quantification is facilitated by the use of single cells seeded on micropatterned substrates that provide cues for controlled cell spreading. This minimal system mimics the reproducible distribution of organelles typically observed in tissues, simplifying image analysis and minimizing the number of cells required for the observation of robust phenotypes. Here we provide guidelines for how the majority of organelles can be efficiently analyzed in cells seeded on adhesive micropatterns. We exemplify how alterations in the positioning of different organelles as a result of the perturbation of the cytoskeleton or associated motor proteins can be efficiently quantified. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Neuroprotective Effects on the Morphology of Somatic Motoneurons Following the Death of Neighboring Motoneurons: A Role for Microglia?
Authors: Chew Cory , Kiley Brandon J. , Sengelaub Dale R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPartial depletion of spinal motoneuron populations induces dendritic atrophy in neighboring motoneurons, and treatment with testosterone protects motoneurons from induced dendritic atrophy. We explored a potential mechanism for this induced atrophy and protection by testosterone, examining the microglial response to partial depletion of motoneurons. Motoneurons innervating the vastus medialis muscles of adult male rats were killed by intramuscular injection of cholera toxin‐conjugated saporin; some saporin‐injected rats were treated with testosterone. Microglia were later visualized via immunohistochemical staining, classified as monitoring or activated, and counted stereologically. Partial motoneuron depletion increased the number of activated microglia in the quadriceps motor pool, and this increase was attenuated with testosterone treatment. The attenuation in microglial response could reflect an effect of testosterone on suppressing microglia activation, potentially sparing motoneuron dendrites. Alternatively, testosterone could be neuroprotective, sparing motoneuron dendrites, secondarily resulting in reduced microglial activation. To discriminate between these hypotheses, following partial motoneuron depletion, rats were treated with minocycline to inhibit microglial activation. Motoneurons innervating the ipsilateral vastus lateralis muscle were later labeled with cholera toxin‐conjugated horseradish peroxidase, and dendritic arbors were reconstructed. Reduction of microglial activation by minocycline did not prevent induced dendritic atrophy following partial motoneuron depletion. Further, reduction of microglial activation by minocycline treatment resulted in dendritic atrophy in intact animals. Together, these findings indicate that the neuroprotective effect of testosterone on dendrites following motoneuron death is not due to inhibiting microglial activation, and that microglial activity contributes to the normal maintenance of dendritic arbors.