bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence trends of type 2 diabetes treatment, dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in Northeast Germany
Authors: Bashir Aqsa , Völzke Henry , Henck Vivien , Schipf Sabine , Dörr Marcus , Nauck Matthias , Schmidt Carsten Oliver , Aghdassi Ali , Khattak Muhammad N K , Markus Marcello R P , Ittermann Till 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The investigation of prevalence trends of metabolic cardiovascular risk factors is important for appropriate planning of future health programs aiming to prevent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In a previous study, we demonstrated an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) between 2000 and 2010 in Northeast Germany. The purpose of this study is to investigate prevalence trends of T2D treatment, dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in Northeast Germany.

Methods
The baseline examinations of the first Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) project were carried out from 1997 to 2001 (SHIP-START-0, 4308 subjects). A second, independent random sample of the same region was enrolled between 2008 and 2012 (SHIP-TREND-0, 4420 subjects). All data were standardized with post-stratification weighting derived from the adult population of the German federal state of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania.

Results
The prevalence of metformin intake increased from 2.1% to 4.1% and insulin use from 2.0% to 2.8%. While the prevalence of statin intake increased from 6.8% to 12.2%, the prevalence of dyslipidemia decreased slightly from 49.0% in SHIP-START-0 to 45.5% in SHIP-TREND-0. The prevalence of hepatic steatosis increased from 29.7% to 37.3%. This increase was most prominently observed in women and younger age groups.

Conclusions
T2D, dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis are common and increasing health problems among adults in Northeast Germany. Reassuring healthy diet and controlling obesity may result in prevention of above-mentioned health problems.
The Global Race for Talent: Brain Drain, Knowledge Transfer, and Growth
Authors: Prato Marta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
How does inventors’ migration affect international talent allocation, knowledge diffusion, and productivity growth? To answer this question, I build a novel two-country innovation-led endogenous growth model, where heterogeneous inventors produce innovations, learn from others, and make dynamic migration and return decisions. Migrants interact with individuals at origin and destination, diffusing knowledge within and across countries. To quantify this framework, I construct a micro-level data set of migrant inventors on the U.S.-EU corridor from patent data and document that (i) gross migration is asymmetric, with brain drain (net emigration) from the EU to the United States; (ii) migrants increase their patenting by 33% a year after migration; (iii) migrants continue working with inventors at origin after moving, although less frequently; (iv) migrants’ productivity gains spill over to their collaborators at origin, who increase patenting by 16% a year when a co-inventor emigrates. I calibrate the model to match the empirical results and study the effect of innovation and migration policy. A tax cut for foreigners and return migrants in the EU that eliminates the brain drain increases EU innovation but lowers U.S. innovation and knowledge spillovers. The former effect dominates in the first 25 years, increasing EU productivity growth by 3%, but the latter dominates in the long run, lowering growth by 3%. On the migration policy side, doubling the size of the U.S. H1B visa program increases U.S. and EU growth by 4% in the long run, because it sorts inventors to where they produce more innovations and knowledge spillovers.
Inferring strain-level mutational drivers of phage-bacteria interaction phenotypes arising during coevolutionary dynamics
Authors: Lucia-Sanz Adriana , Peng Shengyun , Leung Chung Yin (Joey) , Gupta Animesh , Meyer Justin R , Weitz Joshua S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The enormous diversity of bacteriophages and their bacterial hosts presents a significant challenge to predict which phages infect a focal set of bacteria. Infection is largely determined by complementary—and largely uncharacterized—genetics of adsorption, injection, cell take-over, and lysis. Here we present a machine learning approach to predict phage–bacteria interactions trained on genome sequences of and phenotypic interactions among 51 Escherichia coli strains and 45 phage λ strains that coevolved in laboratory conditions for 37 days. Leveraging multiple inference strategies and without a priori knowledge of driver mutations, this framework predicts both who infects whom and the quantitative levels of infections across a suite of 2,295 potential interactions. We found that the most effective approach inferred interaction phenotypes from independent contributions from phage and bacteria mutations, accurately predicting 86% of interactions while reducing the relative error in the estimated strength of the infection phenotype by 40%. Feature selection revealed key phage λ and Escherchia coli mutations that have a significant influence on the outcome of phage–bacteria interactions, corroborating sites previously known to affect phage λ infections, as well as identifying mutations in genes of unknown function not previously shown to influence bacterial resistance. The method’s success in recapitulating strain-level infection outcomes arising during coevolutionary dynamics may also help inform generalized approaches for imputing genetic drivers of interaction phenotypes in complex communities of phage and bacteria.
The AMPK allosteric activator MK‐8722 improves the histology and spliceopathy in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) skeletal muscle
Authors: Ravel‐Chapuis Aymeric , Fahmi Chimène , Gobin Jonathan , Jasmin Bernard J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMultiple signaling pathways have been reported to be altered in Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1) skeletal muscle, contributing to pathogenicity. In particular, previous work established that AMPK signaling, a key sensor of energy metabolism, is repressed in DM1 mouse muscle and that activating AMPK through exercise and/or with pharmacological activators is beneficial for the DM1 muscle phenotype. Here, we explored the effects of a newer, more specific allosteric AMPK activator acting directly on AMPK. We treated male and female HSALR mice for 1 and 4 weeks with a daily injection of the allosteric activator MK‐8722, the AMP mimetic AICAR, or vehicle. Our results show that 1 and 4 weeks of treatment with MK‐8722 improves alternative splicing toward wild‐type levels in male and female HSALR muscle. However, the effects of MK‐8722 were more modest compared to AICAR. In contrast, 4 weeks of treatment with MK‐8722 improved muscle histology to a greater extent than AICAR. As expected with AMPK activation, 4 weeks of treatment with MK‐8722 and AICAR promoted the expression of slower, more oxidative fibers. Finally, acute injections of MK‐8722 and AICAR triggered the rapid and transient increase in phospho‐AMPK in muscle. However, the peak of AMPK phosphorylation was lower with MK‐8722 compared to AICAR, thereby explaining the more modest effects of AMPK allosteric activation. Altogether, our data demonstrate that chronic activation of AMPK with specific pharmacological activators is beneficial for the DM1 muscle. They further indicate that at least a portion of the beneficial effects seen following the administration of these drugs occurs through AMPK.
Population health strategies for health equity in chronic kidney disease management
Authors: Brown Christopher O. , Pham Phuong-Chi , Shah Anuja , Dukkipati Ramanath , Shen Jenny , Elali Ibrahim , Dai Tiane , Raff Evan A. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a widespread health issue, affecting one out of every 10 adults. This prevalence is even higher among vulnerable and underserved populations, including low-income individuals, racial and ethnic minorities, and immigrants. Urban areas such as New York City and Los Angeles County offer municipal safety-net healthcare systems for these groups.

Recent findings
Safety-net providers are essential to the healthcare landscape for vulnerable populations with chronic diseases including the Los Angeles County Health Services that exemplifies how effective population health strategies can be utilized to manage CKD and at-risk persons. These approaches focus on risk assessment, integrated practices, patient and care-partner education, cost reduction, and strategic partnerships. Kidney care tailored “Expected Practices” ensure that management strategies are equitable and based on clinical evidence. The eConsult system allows CKD patients’ primary care providers to efficiently consult nephrologists, facilitating timely specialty care appointments through “Precision Scheduling.” Priority goals include slowing CKD progression, equitable access to home dialysis, and preemptive kidney transplantation. As highlighted by Kalantar-Zadeh et al. in 2025 CJASN, advancing equitable kidney care through population health approaches support comprehensive and efficient CKD management, including diabetic kidney disease, in Los Angeles County's safety-net system.

Summary
With a large, underserved patient population affected by CKD, urban safety-net healthcare systems like those in Los Angeles County emphasize early detection, multidisciplinary management, shared decision-making, and equitable access to CKD. They prioritize equitable access to home dialysis modality choice and kidney transplantation, aiming to improve outcomes and the quality-of-life for diverse patient groups.
Comparison of the effects on coagulation function and safety of bivalirudin and heparin in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A randomized trial
Authors: Wang Yanan , Ren Xiaorong , Song Zhizhou , Wu Qi , Yang Youdong 
Published: November 2024

Background:
To analyze the effects on coagulation function and safety of bivalirudin and heparin in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and provide clinical evidence for their application.

Methods:
A total of 42 patients with coronary heart disease undergoing PCI treatment from July 2019 to January 2022 at Datong Third People’s Hospital in China were divided into 2 groups: the bivalirudin group and the heparin group. The former received perioperative administration of bivalirudin, while the latter received heparin. After 24 hours of treatment, blood indicators, coagulation functions, as well as cardiac, hepatic, and renal markers were evaluated. Additionally, Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow graded infarct-related vessel blood flow was assessed in both groups. Adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were monitored for a duration of 12 months.

Results:
The Activated clotting time (ACT), D-dimer (D-D), and prothrombin time (PT) levels in the bivalirudin group were significantly lower than those in the heparin group (P < .05). Both the bivalirudin and heparin groups showed significant improvement in TIMI flow grade after PCI (P < .05). The levels of Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB), N-terminal Pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) in the bivalirudin group were significantly lower than those in the heparin group (P < .05). There were no serious adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in either group.

Conclusion:
Bivalirudin has a slightly superior impact on coagulation function and safety profile in patients undergoing PCI compared to heparin, and the preventive effect of both on postoperative cardiovascular events is similar.
Assessing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic impacts on the health of people who inject drugs using a novel data sharing model
Authors: Bradley Heather , Luisi Nicole , Carter Anastasia , Pigott Terri D. , Abramovitz Daniela , Allen Sean T. , Asher Alice , Austin Chelsea , Bartholomew Tyler S. , Baum Marianna , Board Amy , Boodram Basmattee , Borquez Annick , Brookmeyer Kathryn A. , Buchacz Kate , Burnett Janet , Cooper Hannah L.F. , Crepaz Nicole , Debeck Kora , Feinberg Judith , Fong Chunki , Freeman Edward , Furukawa Nathan Woo , Genberg Becky , Gorbach Pamina , Hagan Holly , Hayashi Kanna , Huriaux Emalie , Hurley Hermione , Keruly Jeanne , Kristensen Kathleen , Lai Shenghan , Martin Natasha K. , Mateu-Gelabert Pedro , Mcclain Gregory M. , Mehta Shruti , Mok Wing Yin , Reynoso Marley , Strathdee Steffanie , Torigian Nicole , Weng Chenziheng Allen , Westergaard Ryan , Young April , Des Jarlais Don C. 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
Using an innovative data sharing model, we assessed the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of people who inject drugs (PWID).

Design:
The PWID Data Collaborative was established in 2021 to promote data sharing across PWID studies in North America. Contributing studies submitted aggregate data on 23 standardized indicators during four time periods: prepandemic (March 2019 to February 2020), early-pandemic (March 2020 to February 2021), mid-pandemic (March 2021 to February 2022), and late pandemic (March 2022 to February 2023).

Methods:
We present study-specific and meta-analyzed estimates for the percentage of PWID who took medications for opioid use disorder, received substance use treatment, shared syringes or injection equipment, had a mental health condition, had been incarcerated, or had experienced houselessness. To examine change over time across indicators, we fit a random effects meta-regression model to prevalence estimates using time as a moderator.

Results:
Thirteen studies contributed estimates to the Data Collaborative on these indicators, representing 6213 PWID interviews. We observed minimal change across prevalence of the six indicators between the prepandemic (March 2019 to February 2020) and three subsequent time periods, overall or within individual studies. Considerable heterogeneity was observed across study-specific and time-specific estimates.

Conclusion:
Limited pandemic-related change observed in indicators of PWID health is likely a result of policy and supportive service-related changes and may also reflect resilience among service providers and PWID themselves. The Data Collaborative is an unprecedented data sharing model with potential to greatly improve the quality and timeliness of data on the health of PWID.
Molecular Ultrasound Imaging With Clinically Translatable cRGD-Coated Microbubbles to Assess αvβ3-Integrin Expression in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Qi Jinwei , Chen Junlin , von Stillfried Saskia , Kozcera Patrick , Shi Yang , Rix Anne , Kiessling Fabian 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) subdivides into Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and is characterized by unpredictable periods of inflammation and results in significant patient suffering and even death. Conventional diagnostic methods, for example, colonoscopy, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging, have limitations such as invasiveness, patient discomfort, and limited sensitivity and accuracy. Therefore, we propose ultrasound molecular imaging (USMI) to detect and characterize IBD. First, we evaluated integrin-αvβ3 as a biomarker of IBD in human samples and then used clinically translatable cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys (cRGDfK)–coupled poly(butyl)cyanoacrylate microbubbles (cRGD-MB) to assess IBD in mice.

Materials and Methods
Vascular integrin-αvβ3 expression in human colon tissue samples (healthy, CD and UC, n = 10 per group) was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. In mice, acute colitis was induced by administration of 4% dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water for 5 days. On day 7, USMI with cRGD-MB was performed in colitis (n = 6) and healthy (n = 5) mice. The signal of bound cRGD-MB was assessed by the destruction-replenishment method. Ex vivo analysis of mouse colon tissue was performed to assess the degree of colitis by hematoxylin-eosin staining and the vascular expression of integrin-αv by immunofluorescence.

Results
Human samples showed a significantly higher vascular integrin-αvβ3 expression in CD and UC tissue, when compared with healthy samples (P < 0.005). In mice, a higher binding of cRGD-MB to inflamed colon was detected by USMI compared with healthy controls (P < 0.005). Immunofluorescence staining confirmed these findings, showing stronger integrin-αv expression in acute colitis, with a good correlation between USMI signal intensity and integrin-αv expression (r = 0.8, P = 0.0016).

Conclusions
Integrin-αvβ3 on vessels is a suitable marker for IBD. USMI using cRGD-MB accurately detects this marker and correlates well with histology. These encouraging results support clinical translation of this imaging method as a noninvasive and cost-effective monitoring tool.
Clinical Validation of Metabolite Markers for Early Lung Cancer Detection
Authors: Zhang Lun , Zheng Jiamin , Ahmed Rashid , Haince Jeff , Torres-Calzada Claudia , Mandal Rupasri , Maksymuik Andrew , Tappia Paramjit S. , Joubert Philippe , Rolfo Christian D. , Wishart David S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), comprising 85% of lung cancers, is a leading cause of cancer mortality. Early detection enhances survival, but current screening methods are limited. This retrospective study used targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics on 680 plasma samples from NSCLC patients and controls (discovery cohort) and 216 samples (validation cohort). Logistic regression models with a subset of ten metabolites achieved over 90% area under the ROC curve (AUROC) for distinguishing patients from controls, including early-stage disease. Incorporating smoking history improved model performance. In the discovery cohort, AUROCs were 93.6% (all stages), 93.7% (Stage I and II), and 93.9% (Stage I). Validation confirmed the high sensitivity and specificity of the models. This study demonstrates that metabolomic biomarkers provide a minimally invasive, sensitive, and specific tool for early NSCLC detection, potentially improving screening and patient outcomes. Future studies should validate these biomarkers in diverse populations.Statement of significanceThis study identifies plasma metabolite biomarkers that enable sensitive and specific early detection of NSCLC using minimally invasive blood sampling. Achieving over 90% area under the ROC curve for early-stage patients, the findings promise to improve lung cancer screening methods and enhance early interventions and patient outcomes.
Perspectives of Key Stakeholders on Integrating Wearable Sensor Technology into Rehabilitation Care: A Mixed-Methods Analysis
Authors: Miller Allison E. , Holleran Carey L. , Bland Marghuretta D. , Fitzsimmons-Craft Ellen E. , Newman Caitlin A. , Maddox Thomas M. , Lang Catherine E. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionRehabilitation is facing a critical practice gap: Patients seek out rehabilitation services to improve their activity in daily life, yet recent work demonstrates that rehabilitation may be having a limited impact on improving this outcome due to lack of objective data on patients’ activity in daily life. Remote monitoring using wearable sensor technology is a promising solution to this address this gap. The purpose of this study was to understand patient and clinician awareness of the practice gap and preferences for integrating wearable sensor technology into rehabilitation care.MethodsThis study used a mixed-methods approach consisting of surveys and 1:1 interviews with clinicians (physical and occupational therapists or assistants) employed at an outpatient rehabilitation clinic within an academic medical center and patients seeking care at this clinic. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.ResultsData saturation was reached from recruiting nineteen clinicians and ten patients. Both clinicians and patients recognized the importance of measuring activity outside the clinic and viewed wearable sensor technology as an objective measurement tool. Most clinicians (63%) preferred continuous (vs. intermittent) monitoring within a care episode and most patients (60%) were willing to sync their sensor data as often as instructed by their provider. To maximize integration into clinical workflows, clinicians voiced a preference for availability of sensor data in the electronic health record.ConclusionsClinicians and patients value the use of wearable sensor technology to improve measurement of activity outside the clinic environment and expressed preferences for how this technology could best be integrated into routine rehabilitation care.
Undergraduate students with and without mental health concerns have different perceptions of disclosing mental health challenges to instructors
Authors: Sizemore J. Michael , Von der Mehden Bailey , Schussler Elisabeth E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA significant proportion of undergraduates report having mental health concerns (MHC), which are associated with reduced academic success. Students with MHC are encouraged to seek help from their instructors but may not because of perceived negative reactions by instructors and peers. This suggests stigma about MHC may differentially impact disclosure perceptions of students with MHC compared with their peers, yet the perceptions of both groups have been unexplored. This study surveyed students with and without MHC in the same classes about their hypothetical disclosure of MHC. Students in several introductory biology classes were asked whether they identified as having MHC, whether they would or would not hypothetically disclose MHC to an instructor, and why. Thematic analysis identified reasons underlying their disclosure choices, which were sorted into the three beliefs of the Theory of Planned Behavior: attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control. Of the 803 respondents, 50% self-identified as having MHC. Students with MHC were less likely to say they would disclose their MHC to an instructor than students without MHC. Students with and without MHC who said ‘yes’ to disclosure gave similar reasons aligned with attitude beliefs. Students with MHC who said ‘no’ to disclosure perceived that the instructor wouldn’t care (attitude beliefs). Students without MHC who said ‘no’ to disclosure talked more about keeping their MHC private (subjective norms beliefs). Students without MHC who said ‘it depends’ talked more about impact on their course performance (attitude) than students with MHC. This research indicated that students with and without MHC do perceive disclosure differently and suggested that students with MHC focus more on negative instructor reactions, while those without MHC focus on privacy and performance. These differential perceptions may contribute to students with MHC seeing disclosure as a negative social cost versus a positive academic benefit.