bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counselling and knowledge on iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) among pregnant women in Kiambu County, Kenya: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kamau Mary , Kimani Samuel , Mirie Waithira 
Published: May 2019

Background:The increased demand for iron and folic acid during pregnancy is not met through diet due to insufficiency or reduced bioavailability of nutrients among women from low income countries. Thus, iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) is a promising interventional strategy for control of anaemia during pregnancy. Kenya adopted the global IFAS intervention with a target of 80% coverage by 2017, however, the compliance remains low. Increasing awareness, counselling, communication and community education on IFAS have improved compliance among pregnant women. Thus, we aimed to determine: IFAS knowledge, availability, practices, and content of IFAS counselling among pregnant women attending health facilities in Kiambu County, Kenya.Methods:A cross-sectional study involving 364 pregnant women aged 15-49 years. A two stage cluster sampling, including one sub-county and five public health facilities were used. A pre-tested, structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic data, maternal knowledge and counselling on IFAS was used. An observation checklist was used to observe practices and content of antenatal counselling session in each facility. Data was analysed using STATA in which descriptive and inferential statistics were computed.Results:Of 364 respondents, less than half (40.9%) scored high on knowledge on IFAS. Women who were counselled on duration of IFAS intake, side effects, and their mitigation were more likely (p <0.005) to have high IFAS knowledge. Although all the health facilities had varied IFAS posters displayed, none had key IFAS counselling documents.Conclusion:Less than half of the pregnant women had high IFAS knowledge, IFAS documents were scarce in health facilities, IFAS counselling information in different health facilities was limited and varied, and content of counselling was associated with levels of knowledge on IFAS. This underscores the need to strengthen focused and targeted IFAS counselling for pregnant women and standardization of counselling messages to improve compliance and pregnancy outcomes.
Genomic architecture differences at the HTT locus associated with symptomatic and pre-symptomatic cases of Huntington’s disease in a pilot study.
Authors: Salter Matthew , Powell Ryan , Back Jennifer , Grand Francis , Koutsothanasi Christina , Green Jayne , Hunter Ewan , Ramadass Aroul , Westra Jurjen , Akoulitchev Alexandre 
Published: May 2019

Background:Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that causes degeneration of neurons in the brain, ultimately leading to death. The root cause of HD is an expanded trinucleotide cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat in the “huntingtin gene” (HTT). While there is a rough correlation between the number of CAG repeats and disease onset, the development of clinical symptoms can vary by decades within individuals and little is known about this pre-symptomatic phase.Methods:Using peripheral blood samples from HD patients and healthy controls we usedEpiSwitch™, a validated high-resolution industrial platform for the detection of chromosome conformations, to assess chromatin architecture in the immediate vicinity of theHTTgene. We evaluated chromatin conformations at 20 sites across 225 kb of theHTTlocus in a small cohort of healthy controls, verified symptomatic HD patients (CAG, n>39) and patients with CAG expansions who had not yet manifested clinical symptoms of HD.Results:Discrete chromosome conformations were observed across the patient groups. We found two constitutive interactions (occurring in all patient groups) and seven conditional interactions which were present in HD, but not in healthy controls. Most important, we observed three conditional interactions that were present only in HD patients manifesting clinical symptoms (symptomatic cases), but not in presymptomatic cases. Of the patients in the symptomatic HD cohort, 86% (6 out of 7) demonstrated at least one of the specific chromosome conformations associated with symptomatic HD.Conclusion:Our results provide the first evidence that chromatin architecture at theHTTlocus is systemically altered in patients with HD, with conditional differences between clinical stages. Given the high clinical need in having a molecular tool to assess disease progression in HD, these results strongly suggest that the non-invasive assessment of chromosome conformation signatures warrant further study as a prognostic tool in HD.
A comprehensive testing cascade to identify resistance breaking repurposed insecticides for next-generation vector control tools: screening a panel of chemistries against a malaria vector
Authors: Lees Rosemary , Praulins Giorgio , Davies Rachel , Brown Faye , Parsons George , White Anthony , Ranson Hilary , Small Graham , Malone David 
Published: May 2019

Background: With insecticide resistance in malaria vectors spreading in geographical range and intensity, there is a need for compounds with novel modes of action to maintain the successes achieved to date by long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual sprays, used as part of an insecticide resistance management strategy. Screening existing registered pesticides, predominantly those developed for use in agriculture, may provide a more rapid and less logistically challenging route to identifying active ingredients of value to public health than screening and chemical synthesis programmes for novel compounds. Methods: Insecticides and acaricides from all IRAC classes, including those with unclassified modes of action, were assessed for inclusion in a laboratory bioassay testing cascade against adult female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. A longlist of representative candidate compounds was selected, excluding those with safety concerns, unsuitable physiochemical properties, and likely hurdles to registration for public health use. An initial screen using topical application eliminated compounds with insufficient intrinsic activity, and a tarsal contact assay identified those with activity at an appropriate concentration. Compounds of interest were ranked by relative potency using dose response assays and discriminating dose calculations. Results: Inclusion of an adjuvant enhanced the tarsal efficacy of several compounds, facilitating the promotion of chemistries with great potential, given suitable formulation, which would not progress based on activity of compound alone. Comparison of data between stages in the testing cascade suggest that a more streamlined approach, topical application to test for intrinsic activity and determining the discriminating dose to compare relative potency of compounds, may be sufficient to identify compounds with potential value for use in long lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spray products. Conclusions: Identified were 11 compounds of interest as vector control agents (in descending order of potency): clothianidin, spinetoram, metaflumizone, dinotefuran, indoxacarb, abamectin, sulfoxaflor, oxazosulfyl, triflumezopyrim, fenpyroximate, and tolfenpyrad.
Incidence of Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia in Individuals With Untreated Diminutive Colorectal Adenomas Diagnosed by Magnifying Image-Enhanced Endoscopy
Authors: Sekiguchi Masau , Otake Yosuke , Kakugawa Yasuo , Matsumoto Minori , Tomizawa Yutaka , Saito Yutaka , Matsuda Takahisa 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Because of the increasing number of detected diminutive colorectal adenomas, the “diagnose-and-do-not-resect” approach has recently attracted attention as an alternative to resection. We evaluated the cumulative incidence of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) in individuals with untreated diminutive adenomas and compared this incidence in individuals without adenomas.

METHODS:
Data from 1,378 individuals who underwent first screening colonoscopy (CS) and at least one follow-up CS without polypectomy were analyzed. Patients with no adenomas or with only nonadvanced diminutive adenomas (<5 mm) diagnosed by magnifying image-enhanced endoscopy were scheduled to undergo a follow-up CS within 5 years after the initial CS without treatment. The participants were divided into 2 groups: those with untreated diminutive adenomas (group A) and those with no adenomas (group B). The cumulative incidence of ACN and the hazard ratio were assessed using Gray's test and the Fine and Gray model.

RESULTS:
During the median follow-up period of 60.9 months, 21 ACNs were detected. The 5-year cumulative incidences of ACN in group A (n = 361) and group B (n = 1,017) were 1.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.5–3.4) and 0.8% (95% CI: 0.3–1.7), respectively, without a statistically significant difference (P = 0.23). No ACNs developed from unresected adenomas. The smoking status was significantly associated with the incidence of ACN, and the hazard ratio for ACN in group A vs group B adjusted for smoking status was 1.43 (95% CI: 0.52–3.90; P = 0.48).

DISCUSSION:
The low 5-year cumulative incidence of ACN suggests the potential to adopt the “diagnose-and-do-not-resect” strategy as an alternative option for diminutive adenomas not requiring excessive surveillance.
An evaluation of digital marketing applications in airline sector
Authors: Karaağaoğlu Nuran , Çiçek Meltem 
Published: May 2019

In the age of digital transformation , enterprises use digital marketing practices effectively in order to increase customer loyalty considering customer relationship management, to create difference and to provide competitive advantage. The airway sector, where the acceleration is fast and the competition is high, aims to present fast and secure user experience and make the customer live a different traveler experience by using all technology and marketing related platforms. Research problem is that it is a necessity for airline brands to digitalize by utilizing the richness of technology and to offer digital applications to consumers at the local / global platform. The aim of this study is to investigate the digital marketing strategies of a number of national and international airway companies such as e-mail marketing, web marketing, social media marketing and mobile applications and to analyze the positioning of digital marketing applications. Because digital marketing is the leading actor of marketing and it is presented as the real throne of virtual world in the airway sector. For this reason, best practices from Turkey and abroad were analyzed in the context of the effect of digital marketing on the customer relations management by using descriptive method and screening method. The findings of the research shows that, by the changes in the customer expectations and demands, the airway companies try to use the digital marketing tools effectively. However, the usage of right strategy for digital management is important to make difference and compete in the airway sector.
Aproximación a las prácticas ciudadanas en la escuela: el caso del colegio Fernando González Ochoa de la localidad de Usme (Bogotá, Colombia)
Authors: Gómez Rodrigo 
Published: May 2019

En el presente estudio se hace una aproximación a la comprensión de las prácticas ciudadanas escolares de los estudiantes de noveno grado jornada tarde del colegio Fernando González Ochoa, ubicado en la localidad quinta de Bogotá (Colombia). Metodológicamente se fundamenta en un estudio cualitativo con enfoque hermenéutico-interpretativo, a través de observación participante, entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales. Se identifican como principales dimensiones de las prácticas ciudadanas escolares: la participación, la convivencia, el sentido de pertenencia, la identidad, el reconocimiento de sí mismo y de los otros, los derechos y las responsabilidades dentro de lo que implica ser joven hoy en el contexto social, cultural, político, económico y educativo del sector de Usme, así como de sectores vulnerables de la ciudad. Esta población juvenil en contexto escolar actúa de acuerdo con su realidad inmediata siendo permeados por los medios de comunicación, además de la familia y sus pares, que les permite establecer nuevas formas de interacción, que los diferencia de los adultos y son una muestra de las nuevas maneras de interrelación, comunicación y de participación ciudadana.
Comparación de determinación de propiedades mecánicas en barras de refuerzo para concreto con extensómetro axial convencional y extensómetro láser
Authors: Monge Sandí Ana Lorena , Abarca Jiménez Andrés 
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo describe el proceso de ensayo y análisis de resultados de 40 barras de acero para refuerzo de concreto, las cuales fueron instrumentadas con un extensómetro axial convencional de puntas simultáneamente con un extensómetro láser con el fin de determinar estadísticamente la validez de los resultados obtenidos con el láser y posteriormente validar su utilización en la práctica normal del laboratorio para este tipo de ensayos. Los resultados encontrados determinan que el extensómetro láser registra diferentes valores en la determinación del módulo de elasticidad de las probetas pero no presenta diferencias significativas en la determinación de los valores de cumplimiento requerido por las normas ASTM para su uso en concreto
Estudio numérico de la influencia del ruido presente en la señal, la ubicación de los sensores y la tasa de muestreo sobre el método BWIM basado en deformaciones unitarias
Authors: Lobo Aguilar Sergio , Christenson Richard E. 
Published: May 2019

Los sistemas de pesaje en movimiento para puentes, en inglés Bridge-Weigh-In-Motion (BWIM), han sido utilizados con éxito para identificar algunas de las propiedades de los vehículos pesados que transitan sobre una vía. No obstante, las fuentes de incertidumbre no son siempre fáciles de controlar y por lo tanto podrían afectar la confiabilidad de los resultados. En esta investigación, se estudió la influencia de algunas de las dificultades experimentales que se presentan al utilizar el método BWIM basado en deformaciones unitarias. En particular, se analizaron tres efectos: el nivel de ruido presente en la señal, la ubicación de los sensores en el puente y la tasa de muestreo utilizada para la recolección de datos. Estos efectos se simularon numéricamente al añadir ruido generado sintéticamente a una onda de respuesta idealizada. En este trabajo se discuten los resultados con énfasis en posibles consecuencias sobre las estimaciones de velocidad y peso de vehículos pesados en pruebas de campo.
VICTIMIZACIÓN E IMPUNIDAD EN EL ESTADO DE MORELOS, MÉXICO
Authors: Gómez Azcárate Elián , Vera Alejandro , Ávila María , Arias Guadalupe , Vega Enrique , Arcos Joel 
Published: May 2019

En este artículo se contrastó un modelo explicativo de la percepción de inseguridad, a través del análisis del papel de la impunidad percibida, programas de seguridad pública, confianza en autoridades y medidas preventivas, en la relación entre la victimización y la inseguridad. Participaron 8170 habitantes del Estado de Morelos, México. Los resultados mostraron que la victimización ejerció un efecto directo sobre impunidad y estas a su vez incrementaron la inseguridad percibida. Mientras que la confianza en las autoridades y los programas preventivos, disminuyeron la inseguridad a pesar del alto nivel de victimización. Los resultados tienen importantes implicaciones para el tema de la seguridad ciudadana.----In this article explicative model of the perception of insecurity was contrasted, through the analysis of the role played by impunity, prevention programs’ expectation, trust on the authorities and prevention strategies in the relation between victimization and insecurity. The participants were 8170 inhabitants of Morelos State, Mexico. The results showed that victimization had a direct effect on impunity, which increased the perception of insecurity. While trust on the authorities and the prevention programs reduced the insecurity regardless of the victimization level. Results have important implications for the citizen’s security.
Compulsive sexual behavior disorder in obsessive–compulsive disorder: Prevalence and associated comorbidity
Authors: Fuss Johannes , Briken Peer , Stein Dan J. , Lochner Christine 
Published: May 2019

Background and aims
Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) will be included in ICD-11 as an impulse-control disorder. CSBD also shares clinical features with obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSDs) and behavioral addictions. There has been relatively little systematic investigation of CSBD in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), the paradigmatic compulsive disorder. We aimed to determine prevalence of CSBD in OCD, and its associated sociodemographic and clinical features, including associated comorbidity, to learn more about the nature of CSBD.

Methods
Adult outpatients with current OCD (N = 539) participated in this study. The Structured Clinical Interview for OCSDs was used to diagnose OCSDs (Tourette’s syndrome, compulsive shopping, pathological gambling, kleptomania, pyromania, intermittent explosive disorder, self-injurious behavior, and CSBD). Prevalence rates of OCSDs in male versus female patients as well as comorbid disorders in OCD patients with and without CSBD were compared.

Results
Lifetime prevalence of CSBD was 5.6% in patients with current OCD and significantly higher in men than women. OCD patients with and without CSBD were similar in terms of age, age of onset of OCD, present OCD illness severity, as well as educational background. Lifetime prevalence rates of several mood, obsessive–compulsive, and impulse-control disorders were considerably elevated in patients with lifetime CSBD.

Discussion and conclusions
A substantive number of OCD patients suffered from CSBD. CSBD in OCD was more likely comorbid with other mood, obsessive–compulsive, and impulse-control disorders, but not with disorders due to substance use or addictive behaviors. This finding supports conceptualization of CSBD as a compulsive–impulsive disorder.
Effects of Nicotinamide and Lanthanum Carbonate on Serum Phosphate and Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 in CKD: The COMBINE Trial
Authors: Ix Joachim H. , Isakova Tamara , Larive Brett , Raphael Kalani L. , Raj Dominic S. , Cheung Alfred K. , Sprague Stuart M. , Fried Linda F. , Gassman Jennifer J. , Middleton John P. , Flessner Michael F. , Block Geoffrey A. , Wolf Myles 
Published: May 2019

Significance Statement
Higher serum phosphate and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) levels are potential modifiable risk factors to prevent cardiovascular disease in CKD. Studies evaluating intestinal phosphate binders found modest efficacy for lowering phosphate and FGF23 levels during short-term follow-up in CKD. In their randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 205 participants with stage 3b/4 CKD, the authors evaluated the effects of nicotinamide (an inhibitor of active intestinal phosphate transport), the phosphate binder lanthanum carbonate, or both, versus placebo over 12 months. They found that neither drug, alone or together, reduced serum phosphate or FGF23. Participants taking lanthanum carbonate had reductions in urinary phosphate, however gastrointestinal symptoms limited adherence. Secondary on-treatment analyses suggest that blocking intestinal phosphate absorption may lower FGF23, suggesting potential opportunities for future studies using novel therapies with better tolerability.

Background
Higher serum phosphate and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) levels may be modifiable to prevent cardiovascular disease in CKD. Short-term studies have reported modest efficacy in phosphate and FGF23 reduction with intestinal phosphate binders in CKD.

Methods
To investigate effects of lanthanum carbonate (LC; a phosphate binder) and/or nicotinamide (NAM; an inhibitor of active intestinal phosphate transport) on serum phosphate and FGF23 in stage 3b/4 CKD, we conducted a randomized trial among individuals with eGFR 20–45 ml/min per 1.73 m2 to NAM (750 mg twice daily) plus LC (1000 mg thrice daily), NAM plus LC placebo, LC plus NAM placebo, or double placebo for 12 months. Dual primary end points were change from baseline in serum phosphate and intact FGF23 concentrations.

Results
Mean eGFR for the 205 participants was 32ml/min per 1.73 m2. At baseline, serum phosphate was 3.7 mg/dl and median FGF23 was 99 pg/ml (10th, 90th percentiles: 59, 205). Mean rates of change in phosphate increased slightly over 12 months in all groups and did not differ significantly across arms. Similarly, percent changes in FGF23 per 12 months increased for all arms except LC plus placebo, and did not differ significantly across arms. Gastrointestinal symptoms limited adherence. Adverse events rates were similar across arms.

Conclusions
LC and/or NAM treatment did not significantly lower serum phosphate or FGF23 in stage 3b/4 CKD over 12 months. Although these agents appeared safe, intestinal symptoms limited adherence. Reducing phosphate and FGF23 in nondialysis CKD will require new approaches.
Literatura lęku, literatura nadziei – przemiany wybranych kategorii katastrofizmu i postapokaliptyki na przełomie wieku XX i XXI
Authors: Wierel Karolina 
Published: May 2019

<p>Głównym celem rozprawy jest wskazanie ewolucji i zróżnicowania strategii narracyjnej w obrębie fantastyki naukowej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem twórczości, którą można zakwalifikować jako cosy catastrophe, speculative fiction, dystopia postapokaliptyczna czy ekotopia, wraz z przykładami literackimi i filmowymi. Motywy katastrofy, końca i apokalipsy stanowią główne punkty konstrukcyjne niniejszej analizy i kierują uwagę na ich wykorzystanie w literaturze fantastycznej, szczególnie z końca wieku XX i początku wieku XXI. W celu zobrazowania przemian, jakim ulegają owe motywy, przywołano pojęcia takie jak: fantastyka, fantastyka postapokaliptyczna, katastrofizm, cosy catastrophe, speculative fiction. Odmiany te przedstawiono wraz z przykładami dzieł przynależących do fantastyki naukowej. Wykorzystano narzędzia oferowane przez hermeneutykę oraz intuicjonizm. Po analizie i interpretacji zgromadzonego materiału zauważono, iż konwencje charakterystyczne dla „gatunków zmąconych” z przełomu wieku XX i XXI są podobne pod względem konstrukcji fabuły do aktualnych dyskursów prowadzonych w obszarze nowej humanistyki, humanistyki afirmatywnej czy humanistyki zaangażowanej w kwestie podstawowe dla całej dziedziny, takie jak zdefiniowanie pojęć: człowiek, życie, człowieczeństwo, nie-człowiek. Konwencje katastroficzna i postapokaliptyczna, które bazują na perspektywie stworzenia rzeczywistości odmiennej od tej sprzed katastrofy, uruchamiają obszary wiedzy z dziedziny antropologii kultury, socjologii czy psychologii w celu interpretacji tematów istotnych dla paradygmatów nowej humanistyki końca XX i początków XXI wieku. Zarysowują pejzaż intelektualny i emocjonalny czasu przełomu.&lt;/&gt;</p>