bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved adherence in older patients with hypertension: An observational study of a community‐based intervention
Authors: Tankumpuan Thitipong , Anuruang Sakuntala , Jackson Debra , Hickman Louise D. , DiGiacomo Michelle , Davidson Patricia Mary 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study sought to assess the effect of a community‐based intervention influencing adherence status at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months, and to evaluate the impact that a community‐based intervention and socio‐economic factors have on adherence.BackgroundAlthough high‐quality treatment and modern hypertension clinical practice guidelines have been developed worldwide, the outcomes of patients with hypertension in Thailand are not optimal. Implementing a person‐centred and integrated health services model to improve hypertension management, such as a community‐based intervention, is challenging for healthcare providers in Thailand.DesignAn observational study of a community‐based intervention.MethodsThe study comprised residents in 17 villages in one province of Thailand. A sample of 156 participants was allocated into the intervention and the control groups. Inclusion criteria were people aged 60 years or older diagnosed with hypertension. Exclusion criteria included the latest record of extreme hypertension and having a documented history of cognitive impairment. The intervention group received the 4‐week community‐based intervention programme. Multiple linear regression was applied to predict the adherence status at each phase. Multiple logistic regression was then implemented to predict influencing factors between the groups.ResultsPatients who received the intervention had significantly lower adherence scores (reflecting a higher level of adherence) at 3 and 6 months after intervention by 1.66 and 1.45 times, respectively, when adjusting for other variables. After 6 months, the intervention was associated with a significant improvement in adherence when adjusting for other variables.ConclusionThis study provides evidence to support the use of community‐based interventions as an effective adjunct to hospital‐based care of hypertension patients in Thailand.Implications for practiceUnderstanding factors between health outcomes and social determinants of health is crucial for informing the development of culturally appropriate interventions.
Syncretic Subculture or Stalinism without Stalin? Soviet Partisans as Communities of Violence
Authors: DAVID‐FOX MICHAEL 
Published: June 2019

Cerovic, Masha. Les Enfants de Staline: La guerre des partisans soviétiques (1941–1944). L'Univers historique. Paris: Le Seuil, 2018. 366 pp. €25.00. ISBN 978‐2‐0211‐2167‐4.Kudriashov, S. V., ed. Partizanskoe dvizhenie v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny. Vestnik Arkhiva Prezidenta Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Moscow: Istoricheskaia literatura, 2015. 689 pp. $75.00. ISBN 978‐5‐9906493‐1‐6.
Title lending as a predatory practice: Subprime populations and financial violence
Authors: Sugata Michihiro C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe passage of the Dodd‐Frank Act in 2010 ushered in the most ambitious financial reforms since the Banking Act of 1933. The core of the Act centered on ensuring more consumer protections from predatory financial practices through the creation of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), which provided federal oversight of fringe lenders that profited off of high‐interest loans such as payday and automobile title loans. Yet the current deregulatory environment being promoted by the Trump administration is once again loosening the reins on fringe lenders that provide quick access to cash at triple digit interest rates. In this article, I provide an overview of the alternative finance service industry with a specific focus on one such instrument: auto title loans. Drawing upon governmental reports and the literature, I provide a comprehensive overview of the how the industry functions and who it targets. By focusing on the profit model that undergirds the title loan industry, I show how the profitability of the industry is directly tied to the extended vulnerability of its customer base. I conclude by offering suggestions for researchers to rethink predatory lending practices as a form of financial violence in order to reframe the discourse surrounding predatory lending.
Parents’ and clinicians’ views on conducting paediatric diagnostic test accuracy studies without prior informed consent: qualitative insight from the Petechiae in Children study (PiC)
Authors: Waterfield Thomas , Lyttle Mark D , Shields Michael , Fairley Derek , Roland Damian , McKenna James , Woolfall Kerry 
Published: June 2019

Objective
The Petechiae in Children (PiC) study assesses the utility of presenting features and rapid diagnostic tests in the diagnosis of serious bacterial infection in feverish children with non-blanching rashes. An embedded qualitative study explored parents’ and clinicians’ views on the acceptability of the PiC study, including the use of research without prior consent (RWPC) in studies of diagnostic test accuracy.

Design
Semistructured qualitative interviews. Analysis was thematic and broadly interpretive, informed by the constant comparative approach.

Participants
Fifteen parents were interviewed 55 (median) days since their child’s hospital attendance (range 13–95). Five clinicians involved in recruitment, and consent were interviewed.

Results
Parents and clinicians supported RWPC for the PiC study and future emergency paediatric diagnostic test accuracy studies as long as there is no harm to the child and emergency care is not delayed. Parents and clinicians made recommendations around the timing and conduct of a consent discussion, which were in line with RWPC guidance. Parents enrolled in the PiC study preferred a design that included consent discussions with the research team over the alternative of ‘opt-out’ consent only.

Conclusions
This embedded qualitative study demonstrates that RWPC is appropriate for use in paediatric emergency studies of diagnostic test accuracy and that the approach used in PiC was appropriate. Future diagnostic studies involving additional invasive procedures or an opt-out only approach to consent would benefit from exploring parent and clinician views on acceptability at the pretrial stage.

Trial registration number

NCT03378258
Inflammatory markers in cerebrospinal fluid: independent prognostic biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
Authors: Gille Benjamin , De Schaepdryver Maxim , Dedeene Lieselot , Goossens Janne , Claeys Kristl G , Van Den Bosch Ludo , Tournoy Jos , Van Damme Philip , Poesen Koen 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveInflammation is a key pathological hallmark in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which seems to be linked to the disease progression. It is not clear what the added diagnostic and prognostic value are of inflammatory markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with ALS.MethodsChitotriosidase-1 (CHIT1), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured in CSF and serum of patients with ALS (n=105), disease controls (n=102) and patients with a disease mimicking ALS (n=16). The discriminatory performance was evaluated by means of a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. CSF and serum levels were correlated with several clinical parameters. A multivariate Cox regression analysis, including eight other established prognostic markers, was used to evaluate survival in ALS.ResultsIn CSF, CHIT1, YKL-40 and MCP-1 showed a weak discriminatory performance between ALS and ALS mimics (area under the curve: 0.79, p<0.0001; 0.72, p=0.001; 0.75, p=0.001, respectively). CHIT1 and YKL-40 correlated with the disease progression rate (ρ=0.28, p=0.009; ρ=0.34, p=0.002, respectively). CHIT1 levels were elevated in patients with a higher number of regions displaying motor neuron degeneration (one vs three regions: 4248 vs 13 518 pg/mL, p = 0.0075). In CSF, YKL-40 and MCP-1 were independently associated with survival (HR: 29.7, p=0.0003; 6.14, p=0.001, respectively).ConclusionsOur findings show that inflammation in patients with ALS reflects the disease progression as an independent predictor of survival. Our data encourage the use of inflammatory markers in patient stratification and as surrogate markers of therapy response in clinical trials.
Lower volume, more impairment: reduced cholinergic basal forebrain grey matter density is associated with impaired cognition in Parkinson disease
Authors: Barrett Matthew J , Sperling Scott A , Blair Jamie C , Freeman Cody S , Flanigan Joseph L , Smolkin Mark E , Manning Carol A , Druzgal T Jason 
Published: June 2019

Objective
A major contributor to dementia in Parkinson disease (PD) is degeneration of the cholinergic basal forebrain. This study determined whether cholinergic nucleus 4 (Ch4) density is associated with cognition in early and more advanced PD.

Methods
We analysed brain MRIs and neuropsychological test scores for 228 newly diagnosed PD participants from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), 101 healthy controls from the PPMI and 125 more advanced PD patients from a local retrospective cohort. Cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei densities were determined by applying probabilistic maps to MPRAGE T1 sequences processed using voxel-based morphometry methods. Relationships between grey matter densities and cognitive scores were analysed using correlations and linear regression models.

Results
In more advanced PD, greater Ch4 density was associated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score (β=14.2; 95% CI=1.5 to 27.0; p=0.03), attention domain z-score (β=3.2; 95% CI=0.8 to 5.5; p=0.008) and visuospatial domain z-score (β=7.9; 95% CI=2.0 to 13.8; p=0.009). In the PPMI PD cohort, higher Ch4 was associated with higher scores on MoCA (β=9.2; 95% CI=1.9 to 16.5; p=0.01), Judgement of Line Orientation (β=20.4; 95% CI=13.8 to 27.0; p<0.001), Letter Number Sequencing (β=16.5; 95% CI=9.5 to 23.4; p<0.001) and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (β=41.8; 95% CI=18.7 to 65.0; p<0.001). These same relationships were observed in 97 PPMI PD participants at 4 years. There were no significant associations between Ch4 density and cognitive outcomes in healthy controls.

Conclusion
In de novo and more advanced PD, lower Ch4 density is associated with impaired global cognition, attention and visuospatial function.
Realizing Derealization
Authors: Kline Jim 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Derealization is a dissociative disorder with the primary symptom of experiencing one’s surroundings as unreal, as if one were living in an elaborate dream. The disorder is usually associated with depersonalization, although according to Philip M. Coons (1996), it should not be considered a subset of depersonalization. Little research has been conducted on derealization unaccompanied by depersonalization. The following highlights a personal case study in which the characteristics of derealization are presented in an attempt to distinguish it from depersonalization and other dissociative disorders. In addition, examples of derealization from a broader perspective help distinguish it from a purely diagnostic mental symptom, thereby suggesting that it could be more of a philosophical view of life rather than a mental disorder.
Victor White OP
Authors: Stefanazzi Mary 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Jungians and Christians use the word evil in different and contradictory senses. The moral aim of the Jungian is the ‘integration of evil’, whereas for the Christian it is ‘the overcoming of evil by good’. This paper guides the reader through Victor White’s thinking on evil—understood in the tradition of Aristotle and Aquinas as parasitic on good—malum est privatio boni, and concludes by considering the clinical significance of the relationship between moral evil—malum culpae—and guilt. Although Jung and White never resolved their differences on evil, they agreed that the subject demands concentration and careful reflection. The hypothesis here is that, although the literature on the Jung–White dialogue offers extensive analysis on evil, it does not go far enough. There is little evidence of dynamic engagement with the underlying ethical issues that White’s clarity of thought challenges one to consider.
Warm Conveyor Belts and Their Role for Cloud Radiative Forcing in the Extratropical Storm Tracks
Authors: Joos Hanna 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The link between cloud radiative forcing (CRF) and warm conveyor belts (WCBs), which are strongly ascending airstreams in extratropical cyclones, is investigated based on ERA-Interim reanalysis from 1979 to 2011. Clouds associated with WCBs can be liquid, mixed phase, or ice clouds. They interact with the longwave and shortwave radiation in different ways and thus strongly influence Earth’s radiative budget in the extratropical storm tracks in a complex way. In this study, WCBs are identified with a Lagrangian method, where WCBs are represented by trajectories that rise at least 600 hPa in 48 h in the vicinity of an extratropical cyclone, and CRF is traced along all WCB trajectories during the considered 30-yr period. The results show that due to the poleward ascent of WCBs, they exhibit negative net cloud forcing (NetCRF) in the southern part of the associated cloud band, whereas in their northern part, NetCRF gets positive due to the lack of sunlight in the winter months. This nonuniform CRF along WCBs from low to high latitudes increases the meridional NetCRF gradient. Furthermore, in their outflow regions in the North Atlantic, where WCBs are mainly associated with ice clouds, WCBs contribute up to 10 W m−2 to the global climatological NetCRF maximum in winter. The results highlight the importance of WCBs in modulating the radiative budget in the extratropics. Furthermore, the results emphasize the need for a correct representation of WCBs in climate models to correctly simulate the cloud–circulation coupling.
The High-Rank Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter
Authors: Huang Bo , Wang Xuguang , Bishop Craig H. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The ensemble Kalman filter is typically implemented either by applying the localization on the background error covariance matrix (B-localization) or by inflating the observation error variances (R-localization). A mathematical demonstration suggests that for the same effective localization function, the background error covariance matrix from the B-localization method shows a higher rank than the R-localization method. The B-localization method is realized in the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) by extending the background ensemble perturbations through modulation (MP-localization). Specifically, the modulation functions are constructed from the leading eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the original B-localization matrix. Because of its higher rank than the classic R-localized ETKF, the B-/MP-localized ETKF is termed as the high-rank ETKF (HETKF). The performances of the HETKF and R-localized ETKF were compared through cycled data assimilation experiments using the Lorenz model II. The results show that the HETKF outperforms the R-localized ETKF especially for a small ensemble. The improved analysis in the HETKF is likely associated with the higher rank from the B-/MP-localization method, since its higher rank is expected to contribute more positively to alleviating the rank deficiency issue and thus improve the analysis for a small ensemble. The HETKF is less sensitive to the localization length scales and inflation factors. Furthermore, the experiments suggest that the above conclusion comparing the HETKF and R-localized ETKF does not depend on how the analyzed ensemble perturbations are subselected in the HETKF.
Microphysical Process Comparison of Three Microphysics Parameterization Schemes in the WRF Model for an Idealized Squall-Line Case Study
Authors: Bao J.-W. , Michelson S. A. , Grell E. D. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Three bulk microphysics schemes with different complexities in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model are compared in terms of the individual microphysical process terms of the hydrometeor mass and number mixing ratio tendency equations in an idealized 2D squall-line case. Through evaluation of these process terms and of hydrometeor size distributions, it is shown that the differences in the simulated population characteristics of snow, graupel, and rainwater are the prominent factors contributing to the differences in the development of the simulated squall lines using these schemes. In this particular case, the gust front propagation speed produced by the Thompson scheme is faster than in the other two schemes during the first 2 h of the simulation because it has a larger dominant graupel size. After 2 h into the simulation, the initially less intense squall lines in the runs using the WSM6 and Morrison schemes start to catch up in intensity and development to the run using the Thompson scheme. Because the dominant size of graupel particles in the runs using the WSM6 and Morrison schemes is smaller, these particles take more time to fall below the freezing level and enhance the rainwater production and its evaporative cooling. In the run using the Thompson scheme, the graupel production slows down at later times while the snow particle growth increases, leading to more snow falling below the freezing level to melt and surpass graupel particle melting in the production of rainwater.
Center-Specific Modeling Predicts Cancer Trial Accrual More Accurately Than Investigators and Random Effects Modeling at 16 Cancer Centers
Authors: Tate Wendy R. , Abraham Ivo , Cranmer Lee D. 
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE Clinical trials often exceed their anticipated enrollment periods, and study sites often do not meet accrual goals. We previously reported the development and validation of a single-site accrual prediction model. Here, we describe the expansion of this methodology at 16 cancer centers (CCs) and compare an overall model versus site-specific models. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used data from treatment and supportive care intervention studies permanently closed to accrual between 2009 and 2015 at 16 United States–based CCs. Center and ClinicalTrials.gov data were used to generate both site-specific and random effects mixed models (random effect: institution). Accrual predictions were generated from each model and compared with the accrual prediction of the disease team (DT). RESULTS Sixteen institutions submitted 5,787 eligible trials (range, 93 to 697 trials per institution). Local accrual ranged from 363 to 6,716 participants; 1,053 studies (18%) accrued no participants. Actual average accrual was 8.5 participants (median, four participants). Site-specific models predicted accrual at 99% of actual and correctly predicted whether a study would accrue four or more participants 73% of the time versus DT prediction of 58%. Correlation at the category level was 30%; model sensitivity and specificity were 83% and 62%, respectively. The overall model predicted accrual 93% of actual and correctly predicted accrual of four or more participants 66% of the time, with a correlation at the category level of 28%. CONCLUSION Both regression models predicted clinical trial accrual at least as or more accurately than DT at all but one center. Site-specific models generally performed slightly better than the random effects model. This study confirms the previous finding that this method is an accurate and objective metric that can be easily implemented to improve clinical research resource allocation across multiple centers.
Castration Determines the Efficacy of ETAR Blockade in a Mouse Model of Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis
Authors: Moon Henry H , Clines Katrina L , Cooks Mark A , Cialek Charlotte A , Esvelt Marian A , Clines Gregory A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Bone metastasis is a painful complication of advanced prostate cancer. Endothelin-1 is a tumor-secreted factor that plays a central role in osteoblast activation and the osteosclerotic response of prostate cancer metastatic to bone. Antagonists that block the activation of the endothelin A receptor (ETAR), located on osteoblasts, reduce osteoblastic bone lesions in animal models of bone metastasis. However, ETAR antagonists demonstrated limited efficacy in clinical trials of men with advanced prostate cancer who also received standard androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Previous data from our group suggested that, in a mouse model, ETAR antagonists might only be efficacious when androgen signaling in the osteoblast is lowered beyond the ability of standard ADT. This notion was tested in a mouse model of prostate cancer bone metastasis. Castrated and sham-operated male athymic nude mice underwent intracardiac inoculation of the ARCaPM castration-resistant prostate cancer cell line. The mice were then treated with either the ETAR antagonist zibotentan or a vehicle control to generate four experimental groups: vehicle+sham (Veh+Sham), vehicle+castrate (Veh+Castr), zibotentan+sham (Zibo+Sham), and zibotentan+castrate (Zibo+Castr). The mice were monitored radiographically for the development of skeletal lesions. The Zibo+Castr group had significantly longer survival and a single incidental lesion. Mice in the Zibo+Sham group had the shortest survival and the largest number of skeletal lesions. Survival and skeletal lesions of the Veh+Sham and Veh+Castr groups were intermediate compared with the zibotentan-treated groups. We report a complex interaction between ETAR and androgen signaling, whereby ETAR blockade was most efficacious when combined with complete androgen deprivation.
O corpo ao pé da letra: O sintoma entre o saber e o gozo
Authors: Previdello João Pedro Gomes , Salvador Isadora Nicastro , Palma Claudia Maria de Sousa 
Published: June 2019

O artigo se propõe a analisar a especificidade do conceito de corpo, a partir da pulsão e da formação sintomática, a fim de refletir sobre a diferença no tratamento das configurações clínicas que escapam à construção simbólica. Essas organizações, ao prescindirem dos mecanismos psíquicos ordenados pelo recalque e pelo trabalho inconsciente de condensação e deslocamento, desnudam um corpo malvestido pelo simbólico, portanto, com importantes entraves ao endereçamento e à inclusão da alteridade. Como consequência, o sintoma não se encadeia pela via da associação livre, nem se orienta pela busca de algo no outro. Aparece enquanto real no corpo, atrelando-se ao caráter pulsional da compulsão à repetição. Assim, destacamos a prevalência de um arranjo em que o objeto a predomina como letra, resto, cuja função está em representar um sujeito analfabeto, no sentido de desavisado do que produz em seu corpo. Para o manejo clínico, o analista é, então, convocado a um outro lugar, diferente do ocupado no tratamento com os sintomas neuróticos. Trata-se de uma clínica do ato, orientada a um remanejamento de letras a realizar a necessária demarcação nesse gozo que irrompe no corpo.