bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of Chemopreventive Agents in Animal Models: Results on Reproducibility, Agents of a Given Class, and Agents Tested During Tumor Progression
Authors: Lubet Ronald A. , Steele Vernon E. , Shoemaker Robert H. , Grubbs Clinton J. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Because of the importance of testing reproducibility of results, we present our findings regarding screening agents in preclinical chemoprevention studies in rodent models performed by the Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group (CADRG) of the Division of Cancer Prevention of the NCI. These studies were performed via contracts to various commercial and academic laboratories. Primarily, results with positive agents are reported because positive agents may progress to the clinics. In testing reproducibility, a limited number of direct repeats of our standard screening assays were performed; which entailed initiating treatment shortly after carcinogen administration or in young transgenic mice and continuing treatment until the end of the study. However, three additional protocols were employed relating to reproducibility: (i) testing agents at lower doses to determine efficacy and reduced toxicity; (ii) testing agents later in tumor progression when microscopic lesions existed and, (iii) testing multiple agents of the same mechanistic class. Data with six models that were routinely employed are presented: MNU-induced ER-positive mammary cancer in rats; MMTV-Neu ER-negative mammary cancers in transgenic mice; AOM-induced colon tumors in rats; intestinal adenomas in Min mice; OH-BBN–induced invasive rat urinary bladder cancers in rats; and UV-induced skin squamous carcinomas in mice. It was found that strongly positive results were highly reproducible in the preclinical models evaluated. Cancer Prev Res; 11(10); 595–606. ©2018 AACR.
ТОПІЧНЕ ЛІКУВАННЯ КОНТАКТНОГО НІКЕЛЕВОГО ДЕРМАТИТУ: ПОТЕНЦІАЛ НАНОІНКАПСУЛЬОВАНОЇ СОД
Authors: Khudan-Tsilo I. I. , Shevchuk O. O. , Korda M. M. 
Published: July 2018

Робота виконана в рамках НДР 0112U000542 «Біохімічні механізми токсичності наночастинок різної природи та інших антропогенних і біогенних токсикантів і біологічних систем» та 0116U003353 «Біохімічні механізми порушень метаболізму за умов надходження до організму токсикантів різного ґенезу». Контактний дерматит (КД) – одне з найпоширеніших захворювань на сьогодні, що розвивається у відповідь на контакт із різноманітними чинниками, одним з яких є нікель та його солі. Розвиток оксидативного та нітрооксидативного стресу є універсальним механізмом розвитку, в тому числі й захворювань шкіри та КД.Мета дослідження – вивчити ефективність наноінкапсульованої та вільної форми препарату пегільованої супероксиддисмутази (СОД) на моделі контактного нікелевого алергійного дерматиту.Матеріали і методи. Дослідження проводили на 40 щурах-самцях, яких рандомізовано на чотири групи (n=10): перша – інтактні тварини; друга – тварини з експериментальним КД; третя – щури з КД, яким для корекції застосовували ПЕГ-СОД у вільній формі (КД + СОД); четверта – особини з КД, яким наносили наноінкапсульовану форму СОД (КД + нано-СОД). Полімерні хітозанові наночастинки готували за методикою Z. Hussain et al. (2013). Інтенсивність розвитку КД оцінювали за візуальною шкалою та товщиною шкірної складки. Також досліджували показники оксидативного та нітрооксидативного стресу.Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Аплікація 5 % сульфату нікелю викликає розвиток контактного дерматиту та оксидативного і нітрооксидативного стресу зі зростанням рівня продуктів ПОЛ та ослабленням ланок ендогенного антиоксидантного захисту. Застосування вільної форми пегільованої супероксиддисмутази супроводжується зниженням інтенсивності ураження як за візуальними ознаками, так і достовірним зниженням інтенсивності ПОЛ та активацією показників антиоксидантного захисту. Наноінкапсульвана форма пегільованої супероксиддисмутази вірогідно більш інтенсивно покращує стан уражених шкірних покривів досліджуваних тварин, у тому числі й порівняно з групою щурів, котрі отримували її вільну форму: достовірно кращими були показники як і ПОЛ, так і антиоксидантного захисту в сироватці крові та тканинах печінки.Висновки. Отримані результати дослідження свідчать по перспективність подальшого вивчення та впровадження у клінічну практику наноінкапсульованих форм СОД для лікування контактних дерматитів.
Population structure and fecundity of Scyllarides delfosi Holthuis, 1960 (Scyllaridae) on the Amazon continental shelf
Authors: Lima Francielly A. , Martinelli-Lemos Jussara M. , Silva Kátia C. A. , Klautau Alex G. M. , Cintra Israel H. A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The slipper lobster Scyllarides delfosi is an important resource captured by fishery fleets of red lobster (Panulirus argus westonii) in northern Brazil. Despite the economic potential of this species, information on its biological and fishery aspects is still nonexistent. This study was conducted using four-year data on slipper lobster (2001 and 2003, 2013 and 2014) to analyse population structure and estimate fecundity and egg size of S. delfosi. A total of 547 slipper lobsters, S. delfosi, were collected. Ovigerous females and individuals of all size classes were captured by the fleet, mostly individuals newly recruited to the adult stock. These lobsters showed a 7-mm decrease in total mean length over a period of 10 years. Fecundity ranged from 24,710 to 190,060 eggs and egg diameter ranged from 0.60 to 0.64 mm. Research on life cycle, reproduction, and growth of S. delfosi is essential to provide support for the sustainable exploitation of this species, which is considered by-catch on the northern Brazilian coast, and as such, has no adequate public policies regarding its management.
First records of two raninoid crabs, Lyreidus tridentatus De Haan, 1841 and Cosmonotus mclaughlinae Tavares, 2006 (Decapoda, Brachyura) from South Korean waters
Authors: Seo In-Soo , Kim Mi Hyang , Park Jong-Woo , Yoo Man Ho 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTwo raninoid crabs,Lyreidus tridentatusDe Haan, 1841 andCosmonotus mclaughlinaeTavares, 2006 from around Jeju Island and the Straits of Korea, are firstly reported from Korean waters. The raninoid crabs currently comprise 4 species in Korea. Brief descriptions and illustrations of selected parts are provided in this article as evidence supporting their correct identifications.
Colloquium 1 Parmenides, Liars, and Mortal Incompleteness
Authors: Cherubin Rose 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
On the road of inquiry that Parmenides’ goddess recommends, one is to say and conceive that what-is is one, unmoving, continuous, ungenerated, undestroyed, complete, and undivided. Yet the goddess’s arguments in favor of this road use negations, distinctions, divisions, and references to generation and destruction. The requisites of inquiry that she outlines are both defined on and at odds with other features that inquiry appears to require. This essay argues that the goddess’s arguments manifest something like a liar paradox: She demonstrates on the basis of the opinions of mortals that mortals’ opinions are flawed. If so, then the goddess’s arguments do not establish that what-is is one and unchanging. What they show is that what inquiry and inference seem to require, given the opinions of mortals, is at odds with itself. To refer to what-is is to make aletheia impossible to reach. To be mortal, for Parmenides, is to journey through that incompleteness.
100 Years of Progress in Applied Meteorology. Part I: Basic Applications
Authors: Haupt Sue Ellen , Rauber Robert M. , Carmichael Bruce , Knievel Jason C. , Cogan James L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe field of atmospheric science has been enhanced by its long-standing collaboration with entities with specific needs. This chapter and the two subsequent ones describe how applications have worked to advance the science at the same time that the science has served the needs of society. This chapter briefly reviews the synergy between the applications and advancing the science. It specifically describes progress in weather modification, aviation weather, and applications for security. Each of these applications has resulted in enhanced understanding of the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere, new and improved observing equipment, better models, and a push for greater computing power.
Influence of Lake Erie on a Lake Ontario Lake-Effect Snowstorm
Authors: Kristovich David A. R. , Bard Luke , Stoecker Leslie , Geerts Bart 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnnual lake-effect snowstorms, which develop through surface buoyant instability and upward moisture transport from the Laurentian Great Lakes, lead to important local increases in snowfall to the south and east. Surface wind patterns during cold-air outbreaks often result in areas where the air is modified by more than one Great Lake. While it is known that boundary layer air that has crossed multiple lakes can produce particularly intense snow, few observations are available on the process by which this occurs. This study examines unique observations taken during the Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems (OWLeS) field project to document the process by which Lake Erie influenced snowfall that was produced over Lake Ontario on 28 January 2014. During the event, lake-effect clouds and snow that developed over Lake Erie extended northeastward toward Lake Ontario. OWLeS and operational observations showed that the clouds from Lake Erie disappeared (and snow greatly decreased) as they approached the Lake Ontario shoreline. This clear-air zone was due to mesoscale subsidence, apparently due to the divergence of winds moving from land to the smoother lake surface. However, the influence of Lake Erie in producing a deeper lake-effect boundary layer, thicker clouds, increased turbulence magnitudes, and heavier snow was identified farther downwind over Lake Ontario. It is hypothesized that the combination of a low-stability, high-moisture boundary layer as well as convective eddies and limited snow particles crossing the mesoscale subsidence region locally enhanced the lake-effect system over Lake Ontario within the plume of air originating over Lake Erie.
Unraveling the effect of alliance experience on alliance formation and alliance governance structure: A meta-analytic approach
Authors: Wang Peng , Ma Yongyuan , Hu Zhongquan 
Published: July 2018

Alliance experience plays a crucial role in the stage of alliance formation. However, theoretical gaps and empirical controversies exist in the analyses of its effects on alliance formation and alliance governance structure. Drawing on the method of meta-analysis, we have systematically searched and coded previous empirical studies, generating a database of 91 empirical studies in all. Through classifying alliance experience into general and partner-specific alliance experience, we seek to examine the different effects of these two types of alliance experience on alliance formation and alliance governance structure. We enrich the classification of alliance experience in terms of governance structure to address the disadvantages of this classification in explaining the resulting effects. Our research uses meta-regression to provide evidence about how contextual contingencies affect the alliance experience–alliance governance structure link. JEL Classification: L22, L24
Determinants of therapy switch in multiple sclerosis treatment-naïve patients: A real-life study
Authors: Saccà Francesco , Lanzillo Roberta , Signori Alessio , Maniscalco Giorgia T , Signoriello Elisabetta , Lo Fermo Salvatore , Repice Annamaria , Annovazzi Pietro , Baroncini Damiano , Clerico Marinella , Binello Eleonora , Cerqua Raffaella , Mataluni Giorgia , Bonavita Simona , Lavorgna Luigi , Zarbo Ignazio Roberto , Laroni Alice , Rossi Silvia , Pareja Gutierrez Lorena , La Gioia Sara , Frigeni Barbara , Barcella Valeria , Frau Jessica , Cocco Eleonora , Fenu Giuseppe , Torri Clerici Valentina , Sartori Arianna , Rasia Sarah , Cordioli Cinzia , Di Sapio Alessia , Pontecorvo Simona , Grasso Roberta , Barrilà Caterina , Russo Cinzia Valeria , Esposito Sabrina , Ippolito Domenico , Bovis Francesca , Gallo Fabio , Sormani Maria Pia 
Published: July 2018

Background: With many options now available, first therapy choice is challenging in multiple sclerosis (MS) and depends mainly on neurologist and patient preferences. Objectives: To identify prognostic factors for early switch after first therapy choice. Methods: Newly diagnosed relapsing–remitting MS patients from 24 Italian centers were included. We evaluated the association of baseline demographics, clinical, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to the switch probability for lack of efficacy or intolerance/safety with a multivariate Cox analysis and estimated switch rates by competing risks models. Results: We enrolled 3025 patients. The overall switch frequency was 48% after 3 years. Switch risk for lack of efficacy was lower with fingolimod (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.50; p = 0.009), natalizumab (HR = 0.13; p < 0.001), dimethyl-fumarate (HR = 0.60; p = 0.037), teriflunomide (HR = 0.21; p = 0.031) as compared to interferons. Younger age (HR = 0.96; p < 0.001), diagnosis delay (HR = 1.23; p = 0.021), higher baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale (HR = 1.17; p = 0.001), and spinal cord lesions (HR = 1.46; p = 0.001) were independently associated with higher inefficacy switch rates. We found lower switch for intolerance/safety with glatiramer acetate (HR = 0.61; p = 0.001), fingolimod (HR = 0.35; p = 0.002), and dimethyl-fumarate (HR = 0.57; p = 0.022) as compared to interferons, while it increased with natalizumab (HR = 1.43; p = 0.022). Comorbidities were associated with intolerance switch (HR = 1.28; p = 0.047). Conclusion: Several factors are associated with higher switch risk in patients starting a first-line therapy and could be integrated in the decision-making process of first treatment choice.
Kafka’s Animations
Authors: Henkel Brook 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAround 1910 trick films by Edwin S. Porter, Émile Cohl, and others fascinated writers and critics by bringing objects to life and upending the dominant roles of human actors found in drama and literature. The animated objects and thing-like humans in Franz Kafka’s writings represent a unique response to this little-known history of early cinema. Focusing on “Blumfeld, an Elderly Bachelor,” “The Bucket Rider,” and “The Cares of a Family Man,” this article shows how Kafka’s stories draw, reflect, and expand on the possibilities of contemporaneous trick films by introducing animated objects into their narrative worlds. Inspired by cinema, these literary animations trace out complex social relations among humans and things and challenge the powers of reification that Theodor W. Adorno and others more typically identify with Odradek and related figures in Kafka’s writings.
Eggs and Steam Hammers
Authors: Orzoff Andrea 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe poet and singer-songwriter Wolf Biermann was a member of the East German chapter of PEN International, a UNESCO-affiliated global literary association. Unlike other East German literary organizations, DDR PEN members and leaders tried at least occasionally to protect Biermann even after he was expelled from East Germany in 1976. This article assesses DDR PEN’s reactions to Biermann given its multiple functions as a representative of East German and Soviet bloc cultural diplomacy, an East German literary association hoping to protect some autonomous activity and free discussion, and an actor in a complex trans systemic (cross-Curtain) international environment.
Zafer Şenocak’s “Turkish Turn”
Authors: Dickinson Kristin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhereas language constitutes one key vessel of historical remembering, the act of translation in Zafer Şenocak’s 2008 novel Köşk (The Pavilion) reveals how modern Turkish has also enabled historical forgetting, in its assertion of a monolingual Turkish populace over and against the multiethnic and multilingual makeup of the Ottoman Empire. Through an emphasis on the tropes of absence and translational reversal, Köşk then brings the history of linguistic modernization in Turkey to bear on contemporary integration policy and an implicit ethnicization of the German language in the Federal Republic of Germany. In doing so, it asks implicit questions about who has the right to speak a language as a nonethnic subject, and to remember a “national” past as both a noncitizen and a nonresident.
Gene editing in human development: ethical concerns and practical applications
Authors: Rossant Janet 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
The amazing power of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing tools and other related technologies has impacted all areas of biology today. It has also raised ethical concerns, particularly with regard to the possibility of generating heritable changes in the human genome – so-called germline gene editing. Although technical and safety issues suggest that this approach is far from clinical application, gene editing as a research tool is moving forward in human embryos, non-human primates and in stem cell-derived embryoids. These studies are already providing new information relevant to our understanding of normal human development, infertility, early pregnancy loss and pluripotent stem cell origins.
A model of chronic enthesitis and new bone formation characterized by multimodal imaging
Authors: Czegley Christine , Gillmann Clarissa , Schauer Christine , Seyler Lisa , Reinwald Christiane , Hahn Madelaine , Uder Michael , Jochmann Katja , Naschberger Elisabeth , Stock Michael , Schett Georg , Bäuerle Tobias , Hoffmann Markus H. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Enthesitis is a key feature of several different rheumatic diseases. Its pathophysiology is only partially known due to the lack of access to human tissue and the shortage of reliable animal models for enthesitis. Here, we aimed to develop a model that mimics the effector phase of enthesitis and reliably leads to inflammation and new bone formation. Enthesitis was induced by local injection of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals into the metatarsal entheses of wild-type (WT) or oxidative-burst-deficient (Ncf1**) mice. Quantitative variables of inflammation (edema, swelling) and vascularization (tissue perfusion) were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bone-forming activity by [18F]-fluoride positron emission tomography (PET), and destruction of cortical bone and new bone formation by computed tomography (CT). Non-invasive imaging was validated by histochemical and histomorphometric analysis. While injection of MSU crystals into WT mice triggered transient mild enthesitis with no new bone formation, Ncf1** mice developed chronic enthesitis accompanied by massive enthesiophytes. In MRI, inflammation and blood flow in the entheses were chronically increased, while PET/CT showed osteoproliferation with enthesiophyte formation. Histochemical analyses showed chronic inflammation, increased vascularization, osteoclast differentiation and bone deposition in the affected entheseal sites. Herein we describe a fast and reliable effector model of chronic enthesitis, which is characterized by a combination of inflammation, vascularization and new bone formation. This model will help to disentangle the molecular pathways involved in the effector phase of enthesitis.
O Mirante Esporte Clube: um estudo etnográfico do processo de aprendizagem e reprodução do gosto pela prática futebolística amadora na cidade de Ponta Grossa-Paraná (2013-2017)
Authors: Freitas Junior Miguel Archanjo de , Oliveira Edilson de , Linhares Wendell Luiz 
Published: July 2018

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o papel da família no processo de aprendizagem e reprodução do gosto pela prática futebolística amadora. Para isto, optou-se em utilizar os princípios da Etnografia para estudar a equipe do Mirante E. C., localizada na cidade de Ponta Grossa-PR. Utilizou-se como baliza temporal o período de 2013 a 2017, momento que observou-se jogos oficiais, peladas (jogos não oficiais), amistosos e também os espaços de socialização dos atletas, totalizando 180 saídas de campo. Nessa análise, identificou-se um imbricamento entre a estrutura familiar e a estrutura do clube, emergindo a necessidade de preservação deste lócus, ou seja, um espaço em que se valoriza a herança cultural futebolística, as trajetórias dos agentes, a coletividade e o próprio lugar.
Does Postpartum Contraceptive Use Vary By Birth Intendedness?
Authors: Guzzo Karen Benjamin , Eickmeyer Kasey , Hayford Sarah R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCONTEXTWomen with an unintended birth have an elevated risk of subsequent unintended pregnancy, and multiple unintended pregnancies could exacerbate any negative consequences of such births. It is therefore important to understand whether postpartum contraceptive use differs by birth intendedness.METHODSData on 2,769 births reported in the 2011–2015 cycles of the National Survey of Family Growth were used to examine postpartum contraceptive use. Life‐table estimates were employed to assess differences by birth intendedness in timing of postpartum contraceptive use, and multinomial logistic event history methods were used to model initial contraceptive uptake and efficacy by birth intendedness.RESULTSCompared with postpartum women whose births were on time or too late, those with seriously mistimed and those with unwanted births were more likely to first adopt a highly effective method (e.g., implant or IUD), rather than no method (relative risk ratios, 1.9 and 1.7, respectively); mothers with unwanted births were also more likely to first use least effective methods (e.g., condoms or withdrawal) instead of no method (1.5). Mothers with seriously mistimed births had a reduced likelihood of using either effective methods (e.g., the pill or injectable) or least effective methods, rather than highly effective ones (0.5 for each).CONCLUSIONThe elevated risk of repeat unintended fertility does not seem to be due to mothers’ initial postpartum contraceptive behavior. Whether mothers with unintended births use contraceptives less consistently, discontinue use sooner or switch methods more often than those with intended births remains to be seen.
Keanekaragaman Dioscorea spp dan habitatnya di Kabupaten Kudus, Jawa Tengah Diversity and habitat of Dioscorea spp in Kudus, Central Java
Authors: Fatma Lania Yuchanitz , Jumari J , Utami Sri 
Published: July 2018

Dioscorea spp (Yam) is one of the potential local food producers. It has advantage of high species diversity, containing high carbonhydrate and easy to grow. The aim of this research is to determine the variants of Dioscorea spp, examine the structure and composition of trees around Dioscorea spp habitat and determine the enviromental factors of Dioscorea spp habitat. The research was carried out in May-June 2017. The sampling technique was using exploration and quadratic method by plotting the trees into 5 squares (10 m x 10 m) with diameter of stem more than 10 cm. The name of each species, number of individuals and stem diameter measurement of each plot were recorded. The data of diversity Dioscorea spp and environmental factors were analyzed by sort of descruptive set and the trees was analyzed by vegetation analysis. The results showed that 4 species of Dioscorea spp. There are D. hispida, D. bulbifera, D. alata and D. esculenta. D. alata has 3 variants called uwi ireng, uwi ungu and uwi bangkulit. D. esculenta has 2 variants called gembili bebek and gembili terpong. The trees around Dioscorea spp obtained 21 species with the most important index is banana (Musa paradisiaca) and sengon (Albizia chinensis). The environmental factors were indicated the appropiate growth of Dioscorea spp. Key words: Dioscorea spp, local food stuffs and variant types