bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental demonstration of active phasers based on codirectional coupling for real‐time analog signal processing
Authors: Emara Mohamed K. , Gupta Shulabh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA phaser based on codirectional coupling is proposed and experimentally investigated to achieve a flat transmission magnitude while maintaining strong frequency‐dependent group delay response. This is the first experimental demonstration of such devices for real‐time radio analog signal processing applications, which are readily scalable to mm‐wave frequencies. While shielding improved the transmission performance by mitigating the radiation, a gain element is introduced to achieve a perfectly flat transmission magnitude response. The proposed structure thus forms the fundamental building block of engineering more complex dispersion profiles without compromising transmission magnitude response.
A faster PISTOL for 1H MR‐based quantitative tissue oximetry
Authors: Vidya Shankar Rohini , Kodibagkar Vikram D. 
Published: February 2019

Quantitative mapping of oxygen tension (pO2), noninvasively, could potentially be beneficial in cancer and stroke therapy for monitoring therapy and predicting response to certain therapies. Intracellular pO2 measurements may also prove useful in tracking the health of labeled cells and understanding the dynamics of cell therapy in vivo. Proton Imaging of Siloxanes to map Tissue Oxygenation Levels (PISTOL) is a relatively new oximetry technique that measures the T1 of administered siloxanes such as hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), to map the tissue pO2 at various locations with a temporal resolution of 3.5 minutes. We have now developed a siloxane‐selective Look‐Locker imaging sequence equipped with an echo planar imaging (EPI) readout to accelerate PISTOL acquisitions. The new tissue oximetry sequence, referred to as PISTOL‐LL, enables the mapping of HMDSO T1, and hence tissue pO2 in under one minute. PISTOL‐LL was tested and compared with PISTOL in vitro and in vivo. Both sequences were used to record dynamic changes in pO2 of the rat thigh muscle (healthy Fischer rats, n = 6), and showed similar results (P > 0.05) as the other, with each sequence reporting a significant increase in pO2 (P < 0.05) under hyperoxia compared with steady state normoxia. This study demonstrates the ability of the new sequence in rapidly and accurately mapping the pO2 changes and accelerating quantitative 1H MR tissue oximetry by approximately 4‐fold. The faster PISTOL‐LL technique could enable dynamic 1H oximetry with higher temporal resolution for assesing tissue oxygentation and tracking the health of transplanted cells labeled with siloxane‐based probes. With minor modifications, this sequence can be useful for 19F applications as well.
Factors that influence the health of older widows and widowers—A systematic review of quantitative research
Authors: Holm Anne Lise , Berland Astrid Karin , Severinsson Elisabeth 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo examine factors that influence the health of older widows and widowers. The review question was: What is the evidence of the relationship between widowhood and health in older adults?DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesAcademic Search Elite, CINAHL, Medline (Ovid) and PubMed were searched for articles published between January 2013–December 2017.Review methodsA systematic review of quantitative research with a qualitative thematic analysis.ResultsThe selection process resulted in 12 studies. One of the themes that emerged was: emotional challenges related to experiences of bereavement, depression and anxiety, which was based on the sub‐theme social support as the main strategy for coping with emotional pain and suffering. The second theme was: struggling with poor physical health. The findings indicate that healthcare professionals need knowledge and skills to deal with the health consequences of widowhood in old age. Building community teams can prevent emotional and physical health problems, as well as reduce mortality.
The downward continuation of aeromagnetic data from magnetic source ensembles
Authors: Cooper G.R.J. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTDownward continuation is a commonly used geophysical filter that is applied to aeromagnetic data. It takes the data and produces from it the data which would have been measured had the sensor been closer to the source. A new downward continuation algorithm is introduced in this study, which is much more stable than the traditional method. It downward continues the data by a distance that is a fraction of the current depth, rather than by a fixed distance. Because of this, the data cannot be continued past the depth of the potential field sources (unlike the conventional method), and so the method is more stable. The method produces different anomaly amplitudes than the conventional method, but this is not an issue if certain further processing techniques (such as sunshading or the tilt angle) are to be used. The method is demonstrated on aeromagnetic data from Southern Africa.
Synthetic Cannabinoid‐Associated Multiple Organ Failure: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Armstrong Faith , McCurdy Michael T. , Heavner Mojdeh S. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveWe describe a multicenter descriptive case series of six patients admitted with synthetic cannabinoid (SC) intoxication displaying similar symptoms and sequelae, all resulting in multiple organ failure.MethodsPatients were included in this report if they presented with known SC use and experienced multiple organ failure between March 1, 2016, and July 19, 2016, to the intensive care units of three hospitals in Maryland. Patients were followed to either discharge or death, and complications related to SC were documented.ResultsAll six patients presented with altered mental status and severe rhabdomyolysis, with a peak creatine phosphokinase ranging from 4000 to >320,000 units/L. The majority of patients (five of six) presented with acute kidney injury, with most (four of six) requiring continuous renal replacement therapy. Most patients experienced fever (five of six) and myocardial injury, as evidenced by a troponin elevation (three of six). Seizures occurred in half of patients (three of six patients). Two patients required emergent fasciotomies of the bilateral lower extremities for acute compartment syndrome. Two patients developed fulminant hepatic failure that necessitated liver transplant evaluation, one requiring Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS) therapy as a bridge to successful transplant, while the patient without it did not survive. Delirium, severe rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, and fever are common in patients with synthetic cannabinoid intoxication.ConclusionsGiven the growing abuse of these substances, clinicians should consider their use in the differential of such patient presentations. To our knowledge, only a few published case reports discuss multiple organ failure associated with SC toxicity, and only two have described an associated acute liver failure. Our report describes the first case of SC‐associated acute liver failure requiring organ transplantation. Clinicians should be aware of life‐threatening complications and consider SC ingestion in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with multiple organ failure.
Effect of degree of deacetylation on solubility of low‐molecular‐weight chitosan produced via enzymatic breakdown of chitosan
Authors: Kapadnis Gaurav , Dey Anomitra , Dandekar Prajakta , Jain Ratnesh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChitosan has emerged as a unique biomaterial, possessing scope in diverse applications in the biomedical, food and chemical industries. However, its high molecular weight is a concern when handling the polymer. Various techniques have been explored for depolymerization of this polymer, wherein enzymes have emerged as the most economic method having minimum degrading effect on the polymer and resulting in formation of side products. Chitosan can be depolymerized using a broad range of enzymes. In this study, various enzymes like α‐amylase, papain, pepsin and bromelain were employed to depolymerize chitosan and convert it into its lower molecular weight counterpart. Further, attempts were made to elucidate the process of depolymerization of chitosan, primarily by determining the change in its viscosity and hence its molecular weight. The process of depolymerization was optimized using a one‐factor‐at‐a‐time approach. The molecular weight of the resultant chitosan was estimated using gel permeation chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. These studies revealed a considerable decrease in molecular weights of chitosan depolymerized by pepsin, papain, bromelain and α‐amylase, resulting in recovery of the low‐molecular‐weight chitosan of 76.09 ± 5, 74.18 ± 5, 55.75 ± 5 and 49.18 ± 5%, respectively. Maximum yield and depolymerization were obtained using pepsin and papain due to their enzymatic recognition pattern, which was also validated using studies involving molecular dynamics. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Change in capnogram waveform is associated with bronchodilator response and asthma control in children
Authors: Cracco Ophélie , Degrugilliers Loïc , Rames Cynthia , Bécourt Arnaud , Bayat Sam 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundAirway hyper‐reactivity, inflammation and remodeling contribute to inhomogeneity of ventilation‐perfusion ratio in asthma. Short‐term variations in can cause changes in expired capnographic indices.ObjectivesTo measure acute changes in the phase 3 slope of the volumetric capnogram after β2‐agonist inhalation (ΔSIII), for comparison with airway response based on FEV1 (ΔFEV1), and asthma control.Subjects and MethodsAfter ethical approval and informed consent, 72 children aged 6‐18 y, followed up for asthma underwent spirometry and capnography before and after β‐agonist inhalation through a spacer, using a side‐stream rapid infrared analyzer. Asthma control was assessed using the GINA questionnaire.ResultsChildren with positive reversibility tests (defined as ΔFEV1>12%) had a significantly higher ΔSIII (m ± SE: 87.4 ± 41.4) versus those with negative tests (31.3 ± 14.0%, P = 0.001). Uncontrolled asthma was associated with a significantly larger ΔSIII (103.4 ± 64.0%, n = 7) compared to partly controlled (52.0 ± 26.1, n = 24; P = 0.009) and controlled asthma (30.8 ± 16.3, n = 41; P = 0.003). Neither Bohr dead space nor ΔFEV1 were different between asthma control groups.ConclusionsΔSIII was significantly larger in children with positive response to β2‐agonist, and in uncontrolled asthmatics. To our knowledge these are the first data on exhaled CO2 phase III volumetric slope change and asthma control. The observed ΔSIII could be due to an increased ventilation of inhomogeneous peripheral lung units, and merits further evaluation as a potential phenotypic biomarker in asthma.
One‐sided control chart based on support vector machines with differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Wang Fu‐Kwun , Bizuneh Berihun , Cheng Xiao‐Bin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe statistical learning classification techniques have been successfully applied to statistical process control problems. In this paper, we proposed a one‐sided control chart based on support vector machines (SVMs) and differential evolution (DE) algorithm to monitor a process with multivariate quality characteristics. The SVM classifier provides a continuous distance from the boundary, and the DE algorithm is used to obtain the optimal parameters of the SVM model by minimizing mean absolute error (MAE). The average run length of the proposed chart is computed using the Monte Carlo simulation approach. Several simulated cases are conducted using a multivariate normal distribution with 10 and 20 dimensions and three different process shift scenarios. In addition, we consider two non‐normal distribution cases. The ARL performance of the proposed chart is better than the distance‐based SVM chart. A real example is used to illustrate the application of the proposed control chart.
Quantum Optimal Control for Mixed State Squeezing in Cavity Optomechanics
Authors: Basilewitsch Daniel , Koch Christiane P. , Reich Daniel M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe performance of key tasks in quantum technology, such as accurate state preparation, can be maximized by utilizing external controls and deriving their shape with optimal control theory. For non‐pure target states, the performance measure needs to match both the angle and the length of the generalized Bloch vector. A measure based on this simple geometric picture that separates angle and length mismatch into individual terms is introduced and the ensuing optimization framework is applied to maximize squeezing of an optomechanical oscillator at finite temperature. The results herein show that shaping the cavity drives can speed up squeezed state preparation by more than two orders of magnitude. Cooperativities and pulse shapes required to this end are fully compatible with the current experimental technology.
A Highly Selective Turn‐On Fluorescent Probe for B4O72− Based On Naphthalaldehyde Derivative
Authors: Chen Yanli , Jin Lei , Wang Wenling , Dai Lihui , Tan Xiaoxue , Wang Qingming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA novel B4O72− fluorescent probe, (E)‐1‐[(2‐hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl)methylene]phenylthiourea (NPC) was designed, synthesized and characterized by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, IR, ESI‐MS, EAs. The probe exhibited excellent selectivity and sensitivity for detecting B4O72− over other anions and metal ions with a lower detection limit of 0.21 μM in DMF / H2O (v:v=1:1). The fluorescence sensing properties of the probe were established by UV‐Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. What's more, the mechanism between NPC and B4O72− was also confirmed by ESI‐MS. The turn‐on fluorescence behaviour of B4O72− and NPC was found within 10 s which could be used as an effective probe for the detection of B4O72−.
Facile Synthesis of Amine‐functionalized MOFs Incorporated Polyimide MMMs with Enhanced CO2 Permselectivity
Authors: Li Xiangbo , Gao Tianyuan , Zhou Zhihui , Jiang Jinhua , Feng Jing , Chen Liang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHere a series of amine‐functionalized MOFs incorporated polyimide (PI) mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) are fabricated via an efficient method. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images clearly indicate that the metal‐organic framework (MOF) crystals are well‐retained and dispersed into the PI matrix. In addition, the resulting MMM is continuous and compact, no defects of pinhole/cracks and agglutinated MOFs can be observed from the membrane surface. This is because the hydrogen bonding between amine‐functionalized MOFs and PI can be enhanced, improving the dispersion of MOF crystals in the PI solution. More importantly, the PI/MOFs solution is further optimized by the removal of agglutinated MOFs that occur inevitably with increasing MOF loadings. The gas separation results show that the performance of MOF‐incorporated MMM has been greatly improved. For instance, compared with the pure PI film, CO2 permeability can be increased by 154.4%. Meanwhile, the selectivities of CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 are increased by 30% and 43%, respectively. Pore structure and gas adsorption properties of MOFs clearly affect the performance of the resulting MMM.
Fluorine‐Containing n‐6 and Angular and Linear n‐6‐n’ (n, n’ = 5, 6, 7) Diaza‐Heterocyclic Scaffolds Assembled on Benzene Core in Unified Way
Authors: Prima Darya O. , Makarov Arkady G. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu. , Kolesnikov Andrey E. , Zargarova Leila V. , Baev Dmitry S. , Eliseeva Tatiana F. , Politanskaya Larisa V. , Makarov Alexander Yu. , Slizhov Yuri G. , Zibarev Andrey V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe title compounds, including hybrids (n ≠ n’), were assembled on benzene core in a unified way based on only one starting material C6F5NH2 and a limited number of simple substitution and condensation reactions. The heterocyclic moieties were 1,3‐diazoles, 1,2,3‐triazoles, 1,2,5‐thia(selena)diazoles, 1.4‐diazines and 1,5‐diazepines, as well as 1,3,2‐dioxaboroles. Representatives of all new scaffolds were characterized by XRD. Compounds synthesized are of biomedical interest in the context of apoptotic anticancer activity, and the 1,2,5‐thiadiazole/1,3,2‐dioxaborole hybrid also in that of neutron or/and proton capture therapy of cancer. New 1,2,5‐chalcogenadiazoles are protected forms of otherwise hardly accessible fluorine‐containing di‐ and tetra‐amines for further syntheses.
Merrifield Resin Supported Ionic Liquids/Iodide as an Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Benzimidazoles
Authors: Dong Dao‐Qing , Chen Wen‐Jing , Yang Yun , Gao Xing , Wang Zu‐Li 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMerrifield resin supported ionic liquids/iodide as an efficient and recyclable catalystfor the synthesis of benzimidazoles has been developed. The corresponding products were isolated in good to excellent yields. In addition, the Merrifield resin supported ionic Liquids/iodi iodide ne catalyst can be recovered and recycled by a simple filtration of the reaction solutionand reused for six times without significant decreases in activity.
Room‐Temperature Ultrafast Synthesis of NiCo‐Layered Double Hydroxide as an Excellent Electrocatalyst for Water Oxidation
Authors: Jadhav Harsharaj S. , Lim Alan C. , Roy Animesh , Seo Jeong G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDesigning and synthesis of efficient, highly active with longer stability and earth abundant catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is urgent need for the electrochemical production of fuels. In this aspect, herein, facile room‐temperature electrodeposited NiCo layered double hydroxide (NiCo‐LDH) is reported as a highly active and stable electrocatalyst for OER in aqueous solution. In alkaline media, as obtained NiCo LDH shows superior electrocatalytic activity towards water oxidation with overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA/cm2 with low Tafel slope of 61 mV/dec. The 3D NiCo‐LDH network exhibits excellent structural stability for 36 hours in alkaline media. After testing for stability test, the NiCo‐LDH catalyst maintains its hierarchical 3D network with insignificant degradation in the catalytic activity.
One‐pot Synthesis of CZTS/RGO Composite Material and its Electro‐Catalytic Performance towards Triiodide Reduction in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Wei Liguo , Wu Peng , Zhan Zhaoshun , Wu Jie , Wang Dong , Liu Kaizhi , Jiang Yinlong , Chu Jia , Dong Yongli 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe composite material of quaternary kesterite type Cu2ZnSnS4 and reduced graphene oxide (CZTS/RGO) was successfully synthesized by a one‐pot hydrothermal synthesis method. When applied as counter electrode materials for dye‐sensitized solar cells, it shows better electro‐catalytic performance towards reduction of triiodide. The DSSCs based on CZTS/RGO counter electrode shows a maximum solar‐to‐electrical power efficiency of 3.08%, which is much higher than that of pure CZTS counter electrode (1.41%) and pure RGO counter electrode (1.55%) prepared under the same conditions. The weight percent of GO to CZTS raw material used to synthesize CZTS/RGO is an important factors to affect the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs based on CZTS/RGO counter electrode. It is believed that as‐synthesized CZTS/RGO can potentially be used as alternative counter electrode materials to replace the expensive Pt counter electrode, and this one‐pot synthetic method will be helpful for exploring facile synthetic route of low‐cost and efficient CZTS based composite counter electrode materials.
Low‐Carbon‐Content Composite Bipolar Plates: A Novel Design and Its Performance in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Liao Weineng , Zhang Yue , Zhou Xinjie , Zhuang Mingdan , Guo Dingyu , Jiang Fengjing , Yu Qingchun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBipolar plates possessing both high electrical conductivity and mechanical strength has been urgently required for redox flow batteries and fuel cells. Contrary to the conventional method of increasing carbon content to maximize the bipolar plate's electrical conductivity, a novel low‐carbon‐content design based on the bridging effect of graphene is developed. The microstructure, electrical conductivity, flexural strength, vanadium permeability, corrosion current density and its performance in vanadium redox flow battery single cell have been investigated. The low‐carbon‐content bipolar plates present both high electrical conductivity and flexural strength. Low area specific resistance of 3.3 mΩ cm2 is reached at 18.7 wt.% carbon content, and flexural strength of 48.1 MPa can be obtained after being reinforced by carbon fibers. The voltage efficiency and energy efficiency of the single cell reach as high as 88.6% and 85.7%, respectively, at 100 mA cm−2.
DNA‐Based Nanofabrication: Pathway to Applications in Surface Engineering
Authors: Hui Liwei , Zhang Qinmei , Deng Wei , Liu Haitao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis Concept provides an overview of recent developments of DNA‐based nanofabrication and discusses its potential applications in the area of surface engineering. The first part of the paper discusses the strength and limitations of existing DNA‐based nanofabrication methods. The second part highlights several examples of surface engineering applications involving nano‐ and microscale surface textures. It finishes with a discussion of the opportunities and remaining challenges of applying DNA‐based nanofabrication in surface engineering applications.
L‐Lysine‐derived highly selective stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction chromatography: Effect of chain length on selectivity, efficiency, resolution, and asymmetry
Authors: Mallik Abul K. , Guragain Sudhina , Rahman Mohammed Mizanur , Takafuji Makoto , Ihara Hirotaka 
Published: February 2019

AbstractStationary phase development for hydrophilic interaction chromatography is rapidly gaining attention due to its versatile application in the separation of diversified solutes. Considering the hydrogen bonding property of urea, we designed and synthesized double‐alkylated L‐lysine derived urea containing short and long chain systems for use as stationary phases in hydrophilic interaction chromatography after immobilizing onto silica. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The compounds were further investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy after immobilization onto silica. The effect of chain length in hydrophilic interaction chromatography, the phases were used for the separation of nucleic acid bases, nucleosides, and sulfa drugs. Enhanced selectivity was observed for both phases. However, the L‐lysine‐derived urea‐containing phase with short alkyl chains showed better separation ability than did the phase with longer alkyl chains. The former also showed better performance in terms of other chromatographic parameters such as efficiency, resolution, and asymmetry as compared to the latter.
Reduced speech: All is variability
Authors: Warner Natasha 
Published: February 2019

Humans often communicate through reduced speech, where many sounds are altered or deleted. Even whole syllables or occasionally whole words can be deleted, as in the production [thjythɛ̃m] for do you have time shown in the visual abstract. Such reduction is more common in spontaneous, casual, conversational speech, but it occurs in connected speech in formal settings, and rarely even in careful word‐list reading. Such speech poses challenges for phonetic transcription, since it contains many sounds that do not seem to be any particular sound of the language and that are difficult to classify into categories. I argue this is because reduction operates largely outside the phonological system of the language. Reduced speech also poses questions about how listeners recognize the many possible forms of words, since speech seems to be made up entirely of variability.This article is categorized under:

Linguistics > Linguistic Theory
Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain
Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics