bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swallowing behaviours and feeding environment in relation to communication development from early infancy to 6 years of age: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Flowers Heather , Bérubé Daniel , Ebrahimipour Mona , Perrier Marie-France , Moloci Sarah , Skoretz Stacey 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionUnderstanding the influences of early swallowing function and feeding environment on the development of communication will enhance prevention and intervention initiatives for young children. This scoping review will help elucidate key elements affecting the developmental trajectory of communicative systems, typically robust and well-developed by formal school entry. We aim to (1) map the current state of the literature in a growing field of interest that has the potential to advance knowledge translation, (2) identify existing gaps and (3) provide research direction for future investigations surrounding feeding-swallowing functions and environment that support or forestall communication development in young children.Methods and analysisWe are proposing a scoping review to identify the breadth and depth of the existing literature regarding swallowing-feeding functions and environment relative to the onset and progression of communicative behaviours from infancy to 6 (<6;0) years of age. Our protocol delineates rigorous methods according to Arskey and O’Malley’s framework and includes elaborations by Levac and colleagues. We will search the literature based on 10 databases, 17 peer-reviewed journals, 4 conference proceedings and 6 grey literature sources. Two authors will independently screen abstracts and review full articles, remaining blind to each other’s results. A third author will contribute to resolving any discrepant results from both the abstract and article review. Subsequently, we will extract data and chart information from accepted articles using a pre-established data collection form. We will stratify results according to healthy versus impaired swallowing-feeding functions and communication development.Ethics and disseminationOur scoping review does not require ethical approval. We will disseminate our final study results through international and national conference presentations, publication in a peer-reviewed journal and knowledge translation activities with stakeholders.
Alcohol consumption trajectories and self-rated health: findings from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort
Authors: Gémes Katalin , Moeller Jette , Engström Karin , Sidorchuk Anna 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate whether poor self-rated health and psychological distress are differentially associated with drinking trajectories over time.MethodsFrom the Stockholm Public Health Cohort, two subcohorts surveyed in 2002–2010–2014 and 2006–2010–2014 (n=23 794 and n=34 667 at baseline, respectively) were used. Alcohol consumption, self-rated health, psychological distress (measured by General Health Questionnaire-12), lifestyle factors and longstanding illness were assessed by questionnaires. Demographic and socioeconomic variables were obtained by register linkage. Logistic regression was fitted to assess the associations with eight alcohol consumption trajectories, which were constructed among 30 228 individuals (13 898 and 16 330 from the 2002 and 2006 subcohorts, respectively) with measures of consumption at three time points.ResultsCompared with stable moderate drinkers, all other trajectories were associated with poor self-rated health with multiadjusted OR for stable non-drinkers of 2.35 (95% CIs 1.86 to 2.97), unstable non-drinkers (OR=2.58, 95% CI 1.54 to 3.32), former drinkers (OR=2.81, 95% CI 2.31 to 3.41) and stable heavy drinkers (OR=2.16, 95% CI 1.47 to 3.20). The associations were not fully explained by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and longstanding illness. Former drinking, but no other trajectories, was associated with psychological distress (OR=1.24; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.41).ConclusionWe found a U-shape association between alcohol trajectories and self-rated health, but not with psychological distress. Compared with stable moderate drinking, former drinking was associated with the highest odds of both poor self-rated health and psychological distress. The study confirms the importance of a life-course approach to examining the effect of alcohol consumption on health and highlights the poorer general and mental health status of non-drinkers who were former drinkers.
Ability of observer and self-report measures to capture shared decision-making in clinical practice in the UK: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Williams Denitza , Edwards Adrian , Wood Fiona , Lloyd Amy , Brain Kate , Thomas Nerys , Prichard Alison , Goodland Annwen , Sweetland Helen , McGarrigle Helen , Hill Gwenllian , Joseph-Williams Natalie 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo examine how observer and self-report measures of shared decision-making (SDM) evaluate the decision-making activities that patients and clinicians undertake in routine consultations.DesignMulti-method study using observational and self-reported measures of SDM and qualitative analysis.SettingBreast care and predialysis teams who had already implemented SDM.ParticipantsBreast care consultants, clinical nurse specialists and patients who were making decisions about treatment for early-stage breast cancer. Predialysis clinical nurse specialists and patients who needed to make dialysis treatment decisions.MethodsConsultations were audio recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. SDM was measured using Observer OPTION-5 and a dyadic SureScore self-reported measure.ResultsTwenty-two breast and 21 renal consultations were analysed. SureScore indicated that clinicians and patients felt SDM was occurring, but scores showed ceiling effects for most participants, making differentiation difficult. There was mismatch between SureScore and OPTION-5 score data, the latter showing that each consultation lacked at least some elements of SDM. Highest scoring items using OPTION-5 were ‘incorporating patient preferences into decisions’ for the breast team (mean 18.5, range 12.5–20, SD 2.39) and ‘eliciting patient preferences to options’ for the renal team (mean 16.15, range 10–20, SD 3.48). Thematic analysis identified that the SDM encounter is difficult to measure because decision-making is often distributed across encounters and time, with multiple people, it is contextually adapted and can involve multiple decisions.ConclusionsSelf-reported measures can broadly indicate satisfaction with SDM, but do not tell us about the quality of the interaction and are unlikely to capture the multi-staged nature of the SDM process. Observational measures provide an indication of the extent to which elements of SDM are present in the observed consultation, but cannot explain why some elements might not be present or scored lower. Findings are important when considering measuring SDM in practice.
Improving Primary Care After Stroke (IPCAS) trial: protocol of a randomised controlled trial to evaluate a novel model of care for stroke survivors living in the community
Authors: Mullis Ricky , Aquino Maria Raisa Jessica (Ryc) , Dawson Sarah Natalie , Johnson Vicki , Jowett Sue , Kreit Elizabeth , Mant Jonathan 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionSurvival after stroke is improving, leading to increased demand on primary care and community services to meet the long-term care needs of people living with stroke. No formal primary care-based holistic model of care with clinical trial evidence exists to support stroke survivors living in the community, and stroke survivors report that many of their needs are not being met. We have developed a multifactorial primary care model to address these longer term needs. We aim to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of this new model of primary care for stroke survivors compared with standard care.Methods and analysisImproving Primary Care After Stroke (IPCAS) is a two-arm cluster-randomised controlled trial with general practice as the unit of randomisation. People on the stroke registers of general practices will be invited to participate. One arm will receive the IPCAS model of care including a structured review using a checklist; a self-management programme; enhanced communication pathways between primary care and specialist services; and direct point of contact for patients. The other arm will receive usual care. We aim to recruit 920 people with stroke registered with 46 general practices. The primary endpoint is two subscales (emotion and handicap) of the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) as coprimary outcomes at 12 months (adjusted for baseline). Secondary outcomes include: SIS Short Form, EuroQol EQ-5D-5L, ICEpop CAPability measure for Adults, Southampton Stroke Self-management Questionnaire, Health Literacy Questionnaire and medication use. Cost-effectiveness of the new model will be determined in a within-trial economic evaluation.Ethics and disseminationFavourable ethical opinion was gained from Yorkshire and the Humber-Bradford Leeds NHS Research Ethics Committee. Approval to start was given by the Health Research Authority prior to recruitment of participants at any NHS site. Data will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. Patient and public involvement helped develop the dissemination plan.Trial registration numberNCT03353519
Ophthalmic simulated surgical competency assessment rubric (Sim-OSSCAR) for trabeculectomy
Authors: Dean William H , Buchan John , Admassu Fisseha , Kim Min J , Golnik Karl C , McNaught Andrew , Burton Matthew 
Published: August 2019

Background/aimsTo develop, test and determine whether a surgical-competency assessment tool for simulated glaucoma surgery is valid.MethodsThe trabeculectomy ophthalmic simulated surgical competency assessment rubric (Sim-OSSCAR) was assessed for face and content validity with a large international group of expert eye surgeons. Cohorts of novice and competent surgeons were invited to perform anonymised simulation trabeculectomy surgery, which was marked using the Sim-OSSCAR in a masked fashion by a panel of four expert surgeons. Construct validity was assessed using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Krippendorff’s alpha was calculated for interobserver reliability.ResultsFor the Sim-OSSCAR for trabeculectomy, 58 of 67 surgeons (86.6%) either agreed or strongly agreed that the Sim-OSSCAR is an appropriate way to assess trainees’ surgical skill. Face validity was rated as 4.04 (out of 5.00). Fifty-seven of 71 surgeons (80.3%) either agreed or strongly agreed that the Sim-OSSCAR contents represented the surgical technique of surgical trabeculectomy. Content validity was rated as 4.00. Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed that competent surgeons perform better than novices (p=0.02). Interobserver reliability was rated >0.60 (Krippendorff’s alpha) in 19 of 20 steps of the Sim-OSSCAR.ConclusionThe Sim-OSSCAR for trabeculectomy, a newly developed and validated assessment tool for simulation glaucoma surgery, has validity and reliability. It has the potential to play a useful role in ophthalmic surgical education.
INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN STOCKS AND EXCHANGE RATE IN EAST ASIA — A WAVELET-BASED APPROACH
Authors: ŽIVKOV DEJAN , PEĆANAC MARKO , ERCEGOVAC DAJANA 
Published: August 2019

This paper investigates whether the portfolio-balance approach or the flow-oriented theory better explains the connection between stocks and exchange rate in various time-horizons in the four East Asian countries — Indonesia, Thailand, South Korea and Japan. For the analysis, we use different approaches of the wavelet methodology — wavelet correlation, wavelet coherence and wavelet cross-correlation. Wavelet correlations suggest that negative correlation is dominant across the wavelet scales in the emerging East Asian markets, which indicates that the portfolio-balance approach, that is, capital mobility stands behind this nexus. For the Japanese case, we find positive wavelet correlation across the scales, which suggests that the flow-oriented model or current account explains the interlink. Results of wavelet coherence are in line with the wavelet correlation results, and these results provide an additional evidence that investors’ panic during World financial crisis was the main culprit behind the massive financial fund reallocation in the all emerging Asian markets.
Effect of Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Support on Coronary Artery Endothelial Function in Ischemic and Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Symons J. David , Deeter Lance , Deeter Nicholas , Bonn Trevor , Cho Jae Min , Ferrin Peter , McCreath Lauren , Diakos Nikolaos A. , Taleb Iosif , Alharethi Rami , McKellar Stephen , Wever-Pinzon Omar , Navankasattusas Sutip , Selzman Craig H. , Fang James C. , Drakos Stavros G. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
The coronary vasculature encounters a reduction in pulsatility after implementing durable continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) circulatory support. Evidence exists that appropriate pulsatility is required to maintain endothelial cell homeostasis. We hypothesized that coronary artery endothelial function would be impaired after CF-LVAD intervention.

Methods and Results:

Coronary arteries from patients with end-stage heart failure caused by ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM; n=16) or non-ICM (n=22) cardiomyopathy were isolated from the left ventricular apical core, which was removed for the CF-LVAD implantation. In 11 of these patients, paired coronary arteries were obtained from an adjacent region of myocardium after the CF-LVAD intervention (n=6 ICM, 5 non-ICM). Vascular function was assessed ex vivo using isometric tension procedures in these patients and in 7 nonfailing donor controls. Maximal endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to BK (bradykinin; 10
−
6
–10
−
10
M) was blunted (
P
<0.05) in arteries from patients with ICM compared with non-ICM and donor controls, whereas responses to sodium nitroprusside (10
−4
–10
−9
M) were similar among the groups. Contrary to our hypothesis, vasorelaxation responses to BK and sodium nitroprusside were similar before and 219±37 days after CF-LVAD support. Of these patients, an exploratory subgroup analysis revealed that BK-induced coronary artery vasorelaxation was greater (
P
<0.05) after (87±6%) versus before (54±14%) CF-LVAD intervention in ICM patients, whereas sodium nitroprusside–evoked responses were similar.

Conclusions:
Coronary artery endothelial function is not impaired by durable CF-LVAD support and in ICM patients appears to be improved. Investigating coronary endothelial function using in vivo approaches in a larger patient population is warranted.
Investigation of Orographic Precipitation over an Isolated, Three-Dimensional Complex Topography with a Dense Gauge Network, Radar Observations, and Upslope Model
Authors: Cheng Lin-Wen , Yu Cheng-Ku 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study uses a dense rain gauge network, radar observations, and an upslope model to document the detailed aspects of precipitation over Da-Tun Mountain (DT) of northern Taiwan under prevailing northeasterly monsoonal flow. DT is one of the most concentrated areas of heavy rainfall in Taiwan, with a size of ~15 km and a terrain peak of ~1 km (MSL), and it constitutes a concave ridge with two windward ridge arms that encompass a funnel-shaped valley. Twenty-one rainfall events identified over DT from January 2011 to February 2015 are chosen for analysis. More than half of the studied cases exhibit two local maxima of rainfall over the ridge arms, and asymmetric characteristics between these two maxima are evident. The other frequent rainfall pattern, observed as upstream winds are more from the east-northeast, is characterized by a local maximum of precipitation inside the valley. Analyses from the upslope model confirm that the occurrence of the windward maxima of rainfall is primarily caused by upslope lifting, and their asymmetric characteristics are closely related to the difference in the azimuthal variations of slope steepness between the two ridge arms. The observed characteristics of rainfall intensities inside the valley, however, cannot be well described by the upslope model. It is found that the lateral flow confluence induced by the deflected flows over the ridge arms may play an essential role in intensifying upslope-forced precipitation within the valley. This effect emerges as upstream winds are roughly parallel to the central axis of funneling regions located between the ridge arms.
Observed Interhemispheric Meridional Heat Transports and the Role of the Indonesian Throughflow in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Trenberth Kevin E. , Zhang Yongxin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The net surface energy flux is computed as a residual of the energy budget using top-of-atmosphere radiation combined with the divergence of the column-integrated atmospheric energy transports, and then used with the vertically integrated ocean heat content tendencies to compute the ocean meridional heat transports (MHTs). The mean annual cycles and 12-month running mean MHTs as a function of latitude are presented for 2000–16. Effects of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), associated with a net volume flow around Australia accompanied by a heat transport, are fully included. Because the ITF-related flow necessitates a return current northward in the Tasman Sea that relaxes during El Niño, the reduced ITF during El Niño may contribute to warming in the south Tasman Sea by allowing the East Australian Current to push farther south even as it gains volume from the tropical waters not flowing through the ITF. Although evident in 2015/16, when a major marine heat wave occurred, these effects can be overwhelmed by changes in the atmospheric circulation. Large interannual MHT variability in the Pacific is 4 times that of the Atlantic. Strong relationships reveal influences from the southern subtropics on ENSO for this period. At the equator, northward ocean MHT arises mainly in the Atlantic (0.75 PW), offset by the Pacific (−0.33 PW) and Indian Oceans (−0.20 PW) while the atmosphere transports energy southward (−0.35 PW). The net equatorial MHT southward (−0.18 PW) is enhanced by −0.1 PW that contributes to the greater warming of the southern (vs northern) oceans.
Attentional Demand as a Function of Contextual Factors in Different Traffic Scenarios
Authors: Liu Zhuofan , Ahlström Christer , Forsman Åsa , Kircher Katja 
Published: August 2019

Objective To assess the attentional demand of different contextual factors in driving. Background The attentional demand on the driver varies with the situation. One approach for estimating the attentional demand, via spare capacity, is to use visual occlusion. Method Using a 3 × 5 within-subjects design, 33 participants drove in a fixed-base simulator in three scenarios (i.e., urban, rural, and motorway), combined with five fixed occlusion durations (1.0, 1.4, 1.8, 2.2, and 2.6 s). By pressing a microswitch on a finger, the driver initiated each occlusion, which lasted for the same predetermined duration within each trial. Drivers were instructed to occlude their vision as often as possible while still driving safely. Results Stepwise logistic regression per scenario indicated that the occlusion predictors varied with scenario. In the urban environment, infrastructure-related variables had the biggest influence, whereas the distance to oncoming traffic played a major role on the rural road. On the motorway, occlusion duration and time since the last occlusion were the main determinants. Conclusion Spare capacity is dependent on the scenario, selected speed, and individual factors. This is important for developing workload managers, infrastructural design, and aspects related to transfer of control in automated driving. Application Better knowledge of the determinants of spare capacity in the road environment can help improve workload managers, thereby contributing to more efficient and safer interaction with additional tasks.
Percutaneous leverage reduction with two Kirschner wires combined with the Métaizeau technique versus open reduction plus internal fixation with a single Kirschner-wire for treating Judet IV radial neck fractures in children
Authors: Du Xiangping , Yu Lirong , Xiong Zhigang , Chen Gan , Zou Jun , Wu Xinle , Xiong Bin , Wang Baoli 
Published: August 2019

Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness of a novel approach, percutaneous leverage reduction using two Kirschner-wires (k-wires) combined with the Métaizeau technique, versus open reduction plus internal fixation with k-wire for the treatment of Judet IV radial neck fractures in children. Methods Thirty-four patients with Judet IV radial neck fractures were treated either with percutaneous leverage reduction using two k-wires and the Métaizeau technique (n = 16) or open reduction plus internal fixation with k-wire (n = 18). Patient data including sex, age, time from trauma to surgery, fracture type, follow up, postoperative healing time, X-ray studies, elbow function, and complications were collected. Results There were no significant differences in patient characteristics between the two treatment groups. In postoperative elbow function assessment, 93.8% of patients in the group that underwent the novel treatment approach had a score of excellent or good, compared with 83.3% of patients in the open reduction and internal fixation with k-wire group. Furthermore, no postoperative complications were reported in patients in the novel treatment group, compared with 5 patients in the open reduction and internal fixation with k-wire group. All patients in both groups were classified as excellent or good according to Métaizeau criteria in postoperative X-ray assessment. Conclusions Compared with the open reduction and internal fixation with k-wire approach, percutaneous leverage reduction using two k-wires combined with the Métaizeau technique can significantly increase the minimally invasive reduction rate, and represents an attractive strategy for the treatment of Judet IV radial neck fractures in children.