bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Intracerebral Microdialysis to Elucidate Environmentally Induced Neurotoxic Mechanisms
Authors: Lasley Stephen M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe technique of microdialysis permits the assessment of neurotransmitter activity and the monitoring of other cellular entities in tissue extracellular fluid. The method is widely used for quantifying biogenic amine and amino acid transmitters, peptides, administered drugs, and other molecules in response to various experimental treatments. This article provides an overview of the manner in which the methodology of intracerebral microdialysis is utilized in the field of neurotoxicology to elucidate the actions of environmental agents. The technique is employed in a variety of creative ways to address specific experimental goals involving myriad toxicants. With appropriate consideration of method parameters, investigators have also been able to address mechanistic issues in their studies. These investigations consist of sampling of neurotransmitters in extracellular fluid after various protocols of environmental metal exposure as well as assessments of blood–brain barrier permeability, the detection of reactive oxygen species, and description of the toxicodynamics of environmental agents. The purpose of this examination is not to review the investigational findings, per se, but to highlight the various approaches utilized with this methodology and the experimental questions that have been addressed. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A secure regenerating code‐based cloud storage with efficient integrity verification
Authors: V.S. Lakshmi , P.P. Deepthi 
Published: April 2019

SummaryCloud storage is gaining popularity as it relieves the data owners from the burden of data storage and maintenance cost. However, outsourcing data to third‐party cloud servers raise several concerns such as data availability, confidentiality, and integrity. Recently, regenerating codes have gained popularity because of their low repair bandwidth while ensuring data availability. In this paper, we propose a secure regenerating code‐based cloud storage (SRCCS) scheme, which utilizes the verifiable computation property of homomorphic encryption scheme to check the integrity of outsourced data. In this work, an error‐correcting code (ECC)–based homomorphic encryption scheme (HES) is employed to simultaneously provide data privacy as well as error correction while supporting efficient integrity verification. In SRCCS, server regeneration process is initiated on detection of data corruption events in order to ensure data availability. The ECC‐based HES significantly reduces the probability of server regeneration and minimizes the repair cost. Extensive theoretical analysis and simulation results validate the security, efficiency, and practicability of the proposed scheme.
MAAS: A mobile cloud assisted architecture for handling emergency situations
Authors: Sarkar Joy Lal , Panigrahi Chhabi Rani , Pati Bibudhendu , Saha Apu Kumar , Majumder Abhishek 
Published: April 2019

SummaryRecent advancements in the area of Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) have significantly contributed towards assisting mankind to handle varied types of emergency situations that may arise as a result of different natural calamities like earthquakes, floods, fire, etc, which may cause huge damage to public property and result in loss of wealth of the nation. In this work, we have proposed a mobile cloud assisted architecture that supports the multicloud and hybrid‐cloud environments, together with Cloud Probing Service (CPS) and Cloud Ranking Service (CRS). The proposed algorithm consumes data from the sensor nodes and offloads the data to the most suitable cloud. A three‐layered architecture has been proposed, and the anchor points facilitate in the creation of the interface between the different layers. The simulation results indicate that the proposed mobile cloud assisted architecture for handling emergency situations (MAAS) approach performs better than the baseline algorithms.
Futuristic speed prediction using auto‐regression and neural networks for mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Theerthagiri Prasannavenkatesan , Thangavelu Menakadevi 
Published: April 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a speed prediction model using auto‐regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and neural networks for estimating the futuristic speed of the nodes in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The speed prediction promotes the route discovery process for the selection of moderate mobility nodes to provide reliable routing. The ARIMA is a time‐series forecasting approach, which uses autocorrelations to predict the future speed of nodes. In the paper, the ARIMA model and recurrent neural network (RNN) trains the random waypoint mobility (RWM) dataset to forecast the mobility of the nodes. The proposed ARIMA model designs the prediction models through varying the delay terms and changing the numbers of hidden neuron in RNN. The Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), auto‐correlation function (ACF), and partial auto‐correlation function (PACF) parameters evaluate the predicted mobility dataset to estimate the model quality and reliability. The different scenarios of changing node speed evaluate the performance of prediction models. Performance results indicate that the ARIMA forecasted speed values almost match with the RWM observed speed values than RNN values. The graphs exhibit that the ARIMA predicted mobility values have lower error metrics such as mean square error (MSE), root MSE (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) than RNN predictions. It yields higher futuristic speed prediction precision rate of 17% to 24% throughout the time series as compared with RNN. Further, the proposed model extensively compares with the existing works.
A smart curtailment approach for reducing bat fatalities and curtailment time at wind energy facilities
Authors: Hayes Mark A. , Hooton Lauren A. , Gilland Karen L. , Grandgent Chuck , Smith Robin L. , Lindsay Stephen R. , Collins Jason D. , Schumacher Susan M. , Rabie Paul A. , Gruver Jeffrey C. , Goodrich‐Mahoney John 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe development and expansion of wind energy is considered a key global threat to bat populations. Bat carcasses are being found underneath wind turbines across North and South America, Eurasia, Africa, and the Austro‐Pacific. However, relatively little is known about the comparative impacts of techniques designed to modify turbine operations in ways that reduce bat fatalities associated with wind energy facilities. This study tests a novel approach for reducing bat fatalities and curtailment time at a wind energy facility in the United States, then compares these results to operational mitigation techniques used at other study sites in North America and Europe. The study was conducted in Wisconsin during 2015 using a new system of tools for analyzing bat activity and wind speed data to make near real‐time curtailment decisions when bats are detected in the area at control turbines (N = 10) vs. treatment turbines (N = 10). The results show that this smart curtailment approach (referred to as Turbine Integrated Mortality Reduction, TIMR) significantly reduced fatality estimates for treatment turbines relative to control turbines for pooled species data, and for each of five species observed at the study site: pooled data (–84.5%); eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis, –82.5%); hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus, –81.4%); silver‐haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans, –90.9%); big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus, –74.2%); and little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus, –91.4%). The approach reduced power generation and estimated annual revenue at the wind energy facility by ≤ 3.2% for treatment turbines relative to control turbines, and we estimate that the approach would have reduced curtailment time by 48% relative to turbines operated under a standard curtailment rule used in North America. This approach significantly reduced fatalities associated with all species evaluated, each of which has broad distributions in North America and different ecological affinities, several of which represent species most affected by wind development in North America. While we recognize that this approach needs to be validated in other areas experiencing rapid wind energy development, we anticipate that this approach has the potential to significantly reduce bat fatalities in other ecoregions and with other bat species assemblages in North America and beyond.
Intricate trophic links between threatened vertebrates confined to a small island in the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Lopes Ricardo J. , Pinho Catarina J. , Santos Bárbara , Seguro Mariana , Mata Vanessa A. , Egeter Bastian , Vasconcelos Raquel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTrophic networks in small isolated islands are in a fragile balance, and their disturbance can easily contribute toward the extinction vortex of species. Here, we show, in a small Atlantic island (Raso) in the Cabo Verde Archipelago, using DNA metabarcoding, the extent of trophic dependence of the Endangered giant wall gecko Tarentola gigas on endemic populations of vertebrates, including one of the rarest bird species of the world, the Critically Endangered Raso lark Alauda razae. We found that the Raso lark (27%), Iago sparrow Passer iagoensis (12%), Bulwer's petrel Bulweria bulwerii (15%), and the Cabo Verde shearwater Calonectris edwardsii (10%) are the most frequent vertebrate signatures found in the feces of the giant wall gecko. This work provides the first integrative assessment of their trophic links, an important issue to be considered for the long‐term conservation of these small and isolated island ecosystems.
Dynamic responses of picophytoplankton to physicochemical variation in the eastern Indian Ocean
Authors: Wei Yuqiu , Zhang Guicheng , Chen Ju , Wang Jing , Ding Changling , Zhang Xiaodong , Sun Jun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPicophytoplankton were investigated during spring 2015 and 2016 extending from near‐shore coastal waters to oligotrophic open waters in the eastern Indian Ocean (EIO). They were typically composed of Prochlorococcus (Pro), Synechococcus (Syn), and picoeukaryotes (PEuks). Pro dominated most regions of the entire EIO and were approximately 1–2 orders of magnitude more abundant than Syn and PEuks. Under the influence of physicochemical conditions induced by annual variations of circulations and water masses, no coherent abundance and horizontal distributions of picophytoplankton were observed between spring 2015 and 2016. Although previous studies reported the limited effects of nutrients and heavy metals around coastal waters or upwelling zones could constrain Pro growth, Pro abundance showed strong positive correlation with nutrients, indicating the increase in nutrient availability particularly in the oligotrophic EIO could appreciably elevate their abundance. The exceptional appearance of picophytoplankton with high abundance along the equator appeared to be associated with the advection processes supported by the Wyrtki jets. For vertical patterns of picophytoplankton, a simple conceptual model was built based upon physicochemical parameters. However, Pro and PEuks simultaneously formed a subsurface maximum, while Syn generally restricted to the upper waters, significantly correlating with the combined effects of temperature, light, and nutrient availability. The average chlorophyll a concentrations (Chl a) of picophytoplankton accounted for above 49.6% and 44.9% of the total Chl a during both years, respectively, suggesting that picophytoplankton contributed a significant proportion of the phytoplankton community in the whole EIO.
The role of understory phenology and productivity in the carbon dynamics of longleaf pine savannas
Authors: Wiesner Susanne , Staudhammer Christina L. , Javaheri Chloe L. , Hiers J. Kevin , Boring Lindsay R. , Mitchell Robert J. , Starr Gregory 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSavanna ecosystems contribute ~30% of global net primary production (NPP), but they vary substantially in composition and function, specifically in the understory, which can result in complex responses to environmental fluctuations. We tested how understory phenology and its contribution to ecosystem productivity within a longleaf pine ecosystem varied at two ends of a soil moisture gradient (mesic and xeric). We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the understory and ecosystem productivity estimates from eddy covariance systems to understand how variation in the understory affected overall ecosystem recovery from disturbances (drought and fire). We found that the mesic site recovered more rapidly from the disturbance of fire, compared to the xeric site, indicated by a faster increase inNDVI. During drought, understoryNDVIat the xeric site decreased less compared to the mesic site, suggesting adaptation to lower soil moisture conditions. Our results also show large variation within savanna ecosystems in the contribution of the understory to ecosystem productivity and recovery, highlighting the critical need to further subcategorize global savanna ecosystems by their structural features, to accurately predict their contribution to global estimates ofNPP.
Two‐dimensional DOA estimation for coherent signals using a novel covariance‐like matrix
Authors: Shahimaeen Assieh , Dehghani Mohamad Javad 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses a two‐dimensional (2‐D) direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of coherent signals problem. To do so, we first reconstruct a covariance‐like matrix, and then apply forward and backward spatial smoothing (FBSS) method as a preprocessor to remedy the rank deficiency problem. By utilizing the covariance‐like matrix instead of outputs sensors in the FBSS method, the noise and small fading factor influences are reduced in the DOA estimation problem. Afterward, two matrix pencil pairs are exploited to extract 2‐D DOA of impinging signals. This two matrix pencil pairs method can estimate 2‐D DOA with repeated eigenvalues efficiently and also pair the estimated parameters automatically. The proposed algorithm not only has all the privileges of the estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariant techniques (ESPRIT)‐like algorithm but also increases the array aperture. By mathematical tractability, we derive Cramer‐Rao bounds for azimuth and elevation angles for coherent signals received by uniform rectangular array to compare the performance of the estimation algorithms with a lower bound. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the symmetric configuration of uniform rectangular array (SC‐URA), the FBSS–multiple‐signal classification (FBSS‐MUSIC) and the ESPRIT‐like algorithms in terms of root mean squared error (RMSE).
Radiation‐induced genomic instability in breast carcinomas of the Swedish hemangioma cohort
Authors: Biermann Jana , Langen Britta , Nemes Szilárd , Holmberg Erik , Parris Toshima Z. , Werner Rönnerman Elisabeth , Engqvist Hanna , Kovács Anikó , Helou Khalil , Karlsson Per 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRadiation‐induced genomic instability (GI) is hypothesized to persist after exposure and ultimately promote carcinogenesis. Based on the absorbed dose to the breast, an increased risk of developing breast cancer was shown in the Swedish hemangioma cohort that was treated with radium‐226 for skin hemangioma as infants. Here, we screened 31 primary breast carcinomas for genetic alterations using the OncoScan CNV Plus Assay to assess GI and chromothripsis‐like patterns associated with the absorbed dose to the breast. Higher absorbed doses were associated with increased numbers of copy number alterations in the tumor genome and thus a more unstable genome. Hence, the observed dose‐dependent GI in the tumor genome is a measurable manifestation of the long‐term effects of irradiation. We developed a highly predictive Cox regression model for overall survival based on the interaction between absorbed dose and GI. The Swedish hemangioma cohort is a valuable cohort to investigate the biological relationship between absorbed dose and GI in irradiated humans. This work gives a biological basis for improved risk assessment to minimize carcinogenesis as a secondary disease after radiation therapy.
A divergent breakdown of neurocognitive networks in Parkinson's Disease mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Aracil‐Bolaños Ignacio , Sampedro Frederic , Marín‐Lahoz Juan , Horta‐Barba Andrea , Martínez‐Horta Saül , Botí Mariángeles , Pérez‐Pérez Jesús , Bejr‐Kasem Helena , Pascual‐Sedano Berta , Campolongo Antonia , Izquierdo Cristina , Gironell Alexandre , Gómez‐Ansón Beatriz , Kulisevsky Jaime , Pagonabarraga Javier 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCognitive decline is a major disabling feature in Parkinson's disease (PD). Multimodal imaging studies have shown functional disruption in neurocognitive networks related to cognitive impairment. However, it remains unknown whether these changes are related to gray matter loss, or whether they outline network vulnerability in the early stages of cognitive impairment. In this work, we intended to assess functional connectivity and graph theoretical measures and their relation to gray matter loss in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI). We recruited 53 Parkinson's disease patients and classified them for cognitive impairment using Level‐1 Movement Disorders Society‐Task Force Criteria. Voxel‐based morphometry, functional connectivity and graph theoretical measures were obtained on a 3‐Tesla MRI scanner. Loss of gray matter was observed in the default mode network (bilateral precuneus), without a corresponding disruption of functional or graph theoretical properties. However, functional and graph theoretical changes appeared in salience network nodes, without evidence of gray matter loss. Global cognition and executive scores showed a correlation with node degree in the right anterior insula. We also found a correlation between visuospatial scores and right supramarginal gyrus node degree. Our findings highlight the loss of functional connectivity and topological features without structural damage in salience network regions in PD‐MCI. They also underline the importance of multimodal hubs in the transition to mild cognitive impairment. This functional disruption in the absence of gray matter atrophy suggests that the salience network is a key vulnerable system at the onset of mild cognitive impairment in PD.
Frontline treatment of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: Beyond R‐CHOP
Authors: Mondello Patrizia , Mian Michael 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough the majority of patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be cured with the standard immunochemotherapy R‐CHOP, one‐third of them relapses with a dismal outcome in most cases. In the recent years, remarkable advances have been achieved based on the discovery of molecular genetics in DLBCL. In addition to the major cell‐of‐origin designations of germinal center B‐cell and activated B‐cell subtypes, next‐generation sequencing has unveiled the remarkable complexity of DLBCL and identified potential molecular targets for tailored therapies. Despite these findings, the current standard of care for DLBCL patients is still R‐CHOP, and optimization of frontline therapy remains an important goal. In this review, we summarize recent updates on the evolution of frontline therapies for DLBCL.
The role of human immortal skin keratinocytes‐acellular dermal matrix scaffold in skin repair and regeneration
Authors: Zhu Chongtao , Liu Jiankun , He Bin , Qu Xiaowen , Peng Daizhi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to investigate the phenotypic characteristics of human immortal skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells and the role of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in coculture system of HaCaT cells and ADM. Flow cytometry was used to examine the cluster of differentiation (CD) makers of HaCaT cells. Apoptosis analysis was applied to detect the apoptosis rate of HaCaT cells. Morphological observation of ADM isolated from the reticular layer of Sprague‐Dawley rat dermis was utilized to evaluate the morphological structure of ADM. Methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and morphological experiments were further used to confirm the scaffold role of ADM in HaCaT cells. A wound‐healing mice model accompanied by HaCaT‐ADM scaffold transplantation was performed to further verify the function of HaCaT‐ADM scaffold. Our results showed that CD71, CD49f, K19, and CD29 were highly expressed in HaCaT cells, and the percentage of apoptosis cells was significantly increased, which represented that HaCaT cells had much stronger capacities of adhesion and proliferation than normal human keratinocytes. Additionally, the morphological structure of ADM presented many natural microbores, which made cells rapidly grow on ADM. The results exhibited that the HaCaT cells indeed promptly proliferate on ADM and easily grow into the microbores of ADM. Finally, an in vivo experiment further confirmed that the transplantation of the HaCaT‐ADM scaffold into the dorsal skin of a wound‐healing mice model could gradually repair the injured wound. Thus, these findings indicated that HaCaT cells might be as seed cells to develop skin tissue engineering and the HaCaT‐ADM scaffold might be a better candidate to promote skin repair and regeneration.
Serum amylase activity altered by the ABO blood group system in Chinese subjects
Authors: Peng You‐Fan , Goyal Hemant , Lin Hao , Liu De‐Chen , Li Ling 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThe underlying interactions between ABO blood group antigens and pancreatic exocrine tissue have been demonstrated, and serum amylase was synthesized by pancreatic ductal cells. Thus, we investigated the link between ABO blood type and serum amylase activity in Chinese subjects.MethodsOur study included 343 relatively healthy Chinese individuals, and the data were retrieved from electronic medical record database.ResultsA increased trend was observed for serum amylase activity in ABO blood type distribution, and we found that serum amylase activity was remarkable increased in subjects with O blood type compared to those with non‐O blood type (P = 0.013). Logistic regression analysis indicated that serum amylase was independently associated with individuals with O blood group (adjusted odds ratio 1.574; 95% CI, 1.022‐2.425, P = 0.039).ConclusionsThe present evidence suggests a significant link between serum amylase activity and ABO blood type in the study population, indicating ABO blood type may be associated with the susceptibility of pancreatic disease.