bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remission of Recurrent Cochlear Hydrops Associated With Bromocriptine Treatment for Macroprolactinoma
Authors: Košec Andro , Kruljac Ivan , Ajduk Jakov 
Published: August 2019

Objective
Current recommendations for cochlear hydrops treatment include systemic glucocorticoids and diuretics. Cochlear cells express dopamine receptors, although their role is unknown in the pathophysiology of cochlear hydrops.

Case Description
We report the case of remission of recurrent right-sided cochlear hydrops in a young male patient treated with bromocriptine due to pituitary macroprolactinoma. Transient improvement was observed after oral steroid and diuretic treatment, but cochlear hydrops recurred until the dose of bromocriptine was increased to 10 mg daily.

Conclusion
Bromocriptine may stimulate dopamine receptors in cochlear cells with potential therapeutic role in patients with cochlear hydrops. There are no widely accepted and effective treatments for endolymphatic hydrops, and identifying potential new and efficacious therapeutics is of high relevance.
Fossil field decay due to nonlinear tides in massive binaries
Authors: Vidal J. , Cébron D. , ud-Doula A. , Alecian E. 
Published: August 2019

Context.Surface magnetic fields have been detected in 5–10% of isolated massive stars, hosting outer radiative envelopes. They are often thought to have a fossil origin, resulting from the stellar formation phase. Yet, magnetic massive stars are scarcer in (close) short-period binaries, as reported by the BinaMIcS (Binarity and Magnetic Interaction in various classes of Stars) Collaboration.Aims.Different physical conditions in the molecular clouds giving birth to isolated stars and binaries are commonly invoked. In addition, we propose that the observed lower magnetic incidence in close binaries may be due to nonlinear tides. Indeed, close binaries are probably prone to tidal instability, a fluid instability growing upon the equilibrium tidal flow via nonlinear effects. Yet, stratified effects have hitherto been largely overlooked.Methods.We theoretically and numerically investigate tidal instability in rapidly rotating, stably stratified fluids permeated by magnetic fields. We use the short-wavelength stability method to propose a comprehensive (local) theory of tidal instability at the linear onset, discussing damping effects. Then, we propose a mixing-length theory for the mixing generated by tidal instability in the nonlinear regime. We successfully assess our theoretical predictions against proof-of-concept, direct numerical simulations. Finally, we compare our predictions with the observations of short-period, double-lined spectroscopic binary systems.Results.Using new analytical results, cross-validated by a direct integration of the stability equations, we show that tidal instability can be generated by nonlinear couplings of inertia-gravity waves with the equilibrium tidal flow in short-period massive binaries, even against the Joule diffusion. In the nonlinear regime, a fossil magnetic field can be dissipated by the turbulent magnetic diffusion induced by the saturated tidal flows.Conclusions.We predict that the turbulent Joule diffusion of fossil fields would occur in a few million years for several short-period massive binaries. Therefore, turbulent tidal flows could explain the observed dearth of some short-period magnetic binaries.
Stars and brown dwarfs in the σ Orionis cluster
Authors: Caballero J. A. , de Burgos A. , Alonso-Floriano F. J. , Cabrera-Lavers A. , García-Álvarez D. , Montes D. 
Published: August 2019

Context. Only a few open clusters are as important for the study of stellar and substellar objects, and their formation and evolution, as the young σ Orionis cluster. However, a complete spectroscopic characterisation of its whole stellar population is still missing.
Aims. We filled most of that gap with a large spectroscopic and astrometric survey of targets towards σ Orionis. Eventually, it will be one of the open clusters with the lowest proportion of interlopers and the largest proportion of confirmed cluster members with known uncontrovertible youth features.
Methods. We acquired 317 low-resolution optical spectra with the Intermediate Dispersion Spectrograph (IDS) at the 2.5 m Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) and the Optical System for Imaging and low Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy (OSIRIS) at the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). We measured equivalent widths of Li I, Hα, and other key lines from these spectra, and determined spectral types. We complemented this information with Gaia DR2 astrometric data and other features of youth (mid-infrared excess, X-ray emission) compiled with Virtual Observatory tools and from the literature.
Results. Of the 168 observed targets, we determined for the first time spectral types of 39 stars and equivalent widths of Li I and Hα of 34 and 12 stars, respectively. We identified 11 close (ρ ≲ 3 arcsec) binaries resolved by Gaia, of which three are new, 14 strong accretors, of which four are new and another four have Hα emission shifted by over 120 km s−1, two juvenile star candidates in the sparse population of the Ori OB1b association, and one spectroscopic binary candidate. Remarkably, we found 51 non-cluster-members, 35 of which were previously considered as σ Orionis members and taken into account in high-impact works on, for example, disc frequency and initial mass function.
Heavy metals contamination of the soil – water – vegetables chain in the Ilfov region
Authors: Mustăţea Gabriel , Belc Nastasia , Ungureanu Elena Loredana , Lăcătuşu Radu , Petre Jana , Pruteanu Augustina 
Published: August 2019

Dietary exposure to several heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Pb, As represents a risk to human health through the consumption of vegetables. Due to the possible risks for the human body, contamination of soils as well as drinking and irrigation water has been the subject of many researches.
In this study, the analysis of heavy metals content from soil, water and vegetable samples from households in Ilfov County it was carried out. As a result, no contamination of soil and water with heavy metals was observed.
Cadmium content is above the maximum allowable limit for all analyzed vegetables, excepting cabbage and green onion. Two lettuce samples have an alarmingly high content of lead, the values being even 10 times higher than the maximum admissible limit of 0.3 mg/kg. The high values obtained for chromium content in lettuce and radish samples raise serious questions about possible contamination. Arsenic content values ranged between 0.87 and 7.69 mg/kg, which also represents high values. Based on the transfer factor (TF) calculated the strongest accumulation of the metals was in lettuce.
High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Varano Gianluca Maria , Mauri Giovanni , Mascagni Luca , Della Vigna Paolo , Bonomo Guido , Maiettini Daniele , Orsi Franco 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths, and many patients, with advanced disease, suffer from severe pain that can heavily affect their quality of life. In patients with advanced disease, an eminent role is played by percutaneous techniques, which cause tumor necrosis with a minimally invasive approach. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a relatively recent noninvasive technique that allows ablation of different solid tumors including uterine fibroids, and hepatic, renal, and pancreatic tumors. HIFU technology is based on external emission of an ultrasound beam, which has larger amplitudes than the regular diagnostic probes, focused on a precise target, allowing mechanical energy transfer through the tissues and tumor ablation due to thermal and nonthermal effects. Multiple clinical trials have been performed to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of HIFU for the palliation of pancreatic tumors, alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Tumor-related pain relief was achieved in the vast majority of reported cases, and no significant side effects were recorded. This review aims to provide a description of HIFU physical principles, briefly summarize the clinical experience, to date, in HIFU treatment of pancreatic cancer, and discuss the possible future challenges, limitations, and insights in HIFU and pancreatic cancer management.
Use of Prophylaxis for Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Isolated Foot or Ankle Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bikdeli Bavand , Visvanathan Renuka , Jimenez David , Monreal Manuel , Goldhaber Samuel Z. , Bikdeli Behnood 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE) is recommended after many surgeries, evidence base for use of VTE prophylaxis after foot or ankle surgery has been elusive, leading into varying guidelines recommendations and notable practice variations. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to determine if use of VTE prophylaxis decreased the frequency of subsequent VTE, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), compared with control. We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov through May 2018, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or prospective controlled observational studies of VTE prophylaxis in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery. Our search retrieved 263 studies, of which 6 were finally included comprising 1,600 patients. Patients receiving VTE prophylaxis had lower risk for subsequent DVT (risk ratio [RR]: 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55–0.94) and subsequent VTE (RR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.55–0.94). There was only one case of nonfatal PE, no cases of fatal PE, and no change in all-cause mortality (RR: 3.51; 95% CI: 0.14–84.84). There was no significant difference in the risk for bleeding (RR: 2.12; 95% CI: 0.53–8.56). Very few RCTs exist regarding the efficacy and safety of VTE prophylaxis in foot and ankle surgery. Prophylaxis appears to reduce the risk of subsequent VTE, but the event rates are low and symptomatic events are rare. Future studies should determine the subgroups of patients undergoing foot or ankle surgery in whom prophylaxis may be most useful.
Impact of the 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics Immunoprophylaxis Policy on the Rate, Severity, and Cost of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations among Preterm Infants
Authors: Krilov Leonard R. , Fergie Jaime , Goldstein Mitchell , Brannman Lance 
Published: August 2019

Objective This study examined the rate, severity, and cost of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations among preterm infants 29 to 34 weeks gestational age (wGA) versus term infants before and after a 2014 change in the American Academy of Pediatrics policy for RSV immunoprophylaxis.
Study Design Preterm (29–34 wGA) and term infants born from July 2011 to March 2017 and aged < 6 months were identified in a U.S. commercial administrative claims database. RSV hospitalization (RSVH) rate ratios, severity, and costs were evaluated for the 2011 to 2014 and 2014 to 2017 RSV seasons. Postpolicy changes in RSVH risks for preterm versus term infants were assessed with difference-in-difference (DID) modeling to control for patient characteristics and temporal trends.
Results In the DID analysis, prematurity-associated RSVH risk was 55% greater in 2014 to 2017 versus 2011 to 2014 (relative risk = 1.55, 95% confidence interval: 1.10–2.17, p = 0.011). RSVH severity increased among preterm infants after 2014 and was highest among those aged < 3 months. Differences in mean RSVH costs for preterm infants in 2014 to 2017 versus 2011 to 2014 were not statistically significant.
Conclusion RSVH risk for preterm versus term infants increased after the policy change, confirming previous national analyses. RSVHs after the policy change were more severe, particularly among younger preterm infants.
Basal Insulin Analogs versus Neutral Protamine Hagedorn for Type 2 Diabetics
Authors: Fishel Bartal Michal , Ward Clara , Refuerzo Jerrie S. , Ashimi Sunbola S. , Joycelyn Cornthwaite A. , Chen Han-Yang , Chauhan Suneet P. , Sibai Baha M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective To determine whether basal insulin analogs reduce the rate of composite neonatal morbidity compared with neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of women with T2DM and singleton pregnancy at a single tertiary center. Primary outcome was a composite neonatal morbidity of any of the following: shoulder dystocia, large for gestational age, neonatal intensive care unit admission, neonatal hypoglycemia, or respiratory distress syndrome. Secondary outcomes were rates of maternal hypoglycemic events, hypertensive disorders, preterm birth, and primary cesarean delivery. Adjusted relative risk (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.
Results Of 233 women with T2DM that met the inclusion criteria, 114 (49%) were treated with basal insulin analogs and 119 (51%) with NPH. The rate of composite neonatal morbidity was similar between groups (73 vs. 60%; aRR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.92–1.51). There were no differences in the rates of maternal adverse outcomes between the groups. Basal insulin analog was associated with a lower rate of primary cesarean delivery as compared with NPH (21 vs. 36%; aRR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.25–0.78).
Conclusion Among pregnant women with T2DM managed with either basal or NPH insulin regimen, the rates of composite neonatal morbidity and maternal complications were similar.
The Association between Advanced Maternal Age and Diagnosis of Small for Gestational Age
Authors: Palatnik Anna , De Cicco Sarah , Zhang Liyun , Simpson Pippa , Hibbard Judith , Egede Leonard E. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objectives To identify whether advanced maternal age (AMA), defined as age ≥35 years old, is independently associated with small for gestational age (SGA).
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort of births from the National Vital Statistics System in the United States from 2009 to 2013. Women were categorized based on four age groups at the time of delivery: 20 to 29, 30 to 34, 35 to 39, and ≥40 years old. The primary outcome of SGA < 10th and SGA < 5th percentiles was compared between the four groups using both univariable and multivariable analyses to determine whether maternal age was associated with SGA independent of parity.
Results A total of 17,031,005 births were eligible for analysis, with 2,705,501 births to AMA women. In multivariable analyses, maternal age of 30 to 34, compared with 20 to 29, was associated with lower rates of SGA < 10th and <5th percentiles (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95–0.96 and aOR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96–0.98, respectively). The AMA of 35 to 39, compared with 20 to 29, was associated with lower rates of SGA < 10th percentile and unchanged rates of SGA < 5th percentile (aOR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96–0.98 and aOR = 1; 95% CI: 0.99–1.01, respectively). In contrast, AMA of ≥40, compared with age 20 to 29, was associated with higher rates of both SGA < 10th and <5th percentiles (aOR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.04–1.07 and aOR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.12–1.16, respectively). A significant association was found between maternal age and parity toward the risk of SGA (p < 0.001). Nulliparous women ≥30 years old but not multiparous women had higher rates of SGA < 10th and SGA < 5th percentiles compared with nulliparous women in the age group of 20 to 29. In contrast, both nulliparous and multiparous women age ≥40 years old had an increased risk for SGA < 5th percentile compared with all women in the age group of 20 to 29.
Conclusion Nulliparous women aged 30 years and older have higher risk of SGA < 10th and SGA < 5th percentiles compared with nulliparous women age 20 to 29. In contrast, both nulliparous and multiparous women age 40 years and older have an increased risk of SGA < 5th percentile compared with all women in the age group of 20 to 29.
Outpatient Cervical Ripening: A Cost-Minimization and Threshold Analysis
Authors: Son Shannon L. , Benson Ashley E. , Hart Hayes Emily , Subramaniam Akila , Clark Erin A. S. , Einerson Brett D. 
Published: August 2019

Objective To evaluate cost of outpatient (OP) versus inpatient (IP) ripening with transcervical balloons, and determine circumstances in which each strategy would be cost saving.
Study Design We created a decision model comparing OP and IP balloon ripening in term (≥37 weeks) singleton pregnancies with unfavorable cervix. We performed a cost-minimization analysis and threshold analyses comparing two OP ripening strategies (broad and limited use) to IP ripening from a health system perspective. Base case estimates of probability, utilization, and cost were derived from the literature. The primary outcome was incremental cost of OP versus IP ripening from a hospital perspective. One- and two-way sensitivity analyses explored uncertainty in the model.
Results Both OP ripening strategies were cost saving compared with IP ripening: incremental cost −$228.40/patient with broad use and −$73.48/patient with limited use. OP ripening was no longer cost saving if hours saved on labor and delivery (L&D) were <3.5, insertion visit cost >$714, or facility cost/hour on L&D <$61. Two-way sensitivity analyses showed that OP ripening was cost saving under the most plausible clinical circumstances.
Conclusion In patients with unfavorable cervix, OP transcervical balloon ripening was cost saving under a wide range of circumstances, particularly if OP ripening can shorten time spent on L&D by 3.5 hours.
Twin deficit hypothesis and reverse causality: a case study of China
Authors: Banday Umer Jeelanie , Aneja Ranjan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper analyses the causal relationship between budget deficit and current account deficit for the Chinese economy using time series data over the period of 1985–2016. We initially analyzed the theoretical framework obtained from theKeynesianspending equation and empirically test the hypothesis using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing and the Zivot and Andrew (ZA) structural break for testing the twin deficits hypothesis. The results of ARDL bound testing approach gives evidence in support of long-run relationship among the variables, validating the Keynesian hypothesis for the Chinese economy. The result of Granger causality test accepts the twin deficit hypothesis. Our results suggest that the negative shock to the budget deficit reduces current account balance and positive shock to the budget deficit increases current account balance. However, higher effect growth shocks and extensive fluctuation in interest rate and exchange rate lead to divergence of the deficits. The interest rate and inflation stability should, therefore, be the target variable for policy makers.
Global change effects on plant communities are magnified by time and the number of global change factors imposed
Authors: Komatsu Kimberly J. , Avolio Meghan L. , Lemoine Nathan P. , Isbell Forest , Grman Emily , Houseman Gregory R. , Koerner Sally E. , Johnson David S. , Wilcox Kevin R. , Alatalo Juha M. , Anderson John P. , Aerts Rien , Baer Sara G. , Baldwin Andrew H. , Bates Jonathan , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Belote R. Travis , Blair John , Bloor Juliette M. G. , Bohlen Patrick J. , Bork Edward W. , Boughton Elizabeth H. , Bowman William D. , Britton Andrea J. , Cahill James F. , Chaneton Enrique , Chiariello Nona R. , Cheng Jimin , Collins Scott L. , Cornelissen J. Hans C. , Du Guozhen , Eskelinen Anu , Firn Jennifer , Foster Bryan , Gough Laura , Gross Katherine , Hallett Lauren M. , Han Xingguo , Harmens Harry , Hovenden Mark J. , Jagerbrand Annika , Jentsch Anke , Kern Christel , Klanderud Kari , Knapp Alan K. , Kreyling Juergen , Li Wei , Luo Yiqi , McCulley Rebecca L. , McLaren Jennie R. , Megonigal J. Patrick , Morgan John W. , Onipchenko Vladimir , Pennings Steven C. , Prevéy Janet S. , Price Jodi N. , Reich Peter B. , Robinson Clare H. , Russell F. Leland , Sala Osvaldo E. , Seabloom Eric W. , Smith Melinda D. , Soudzilovskaia Nadejda A. , Souza Lara , Suding Katherine , Suttle K. Blake , Svejcar Tony , Tilman David , Tognetti Pedro , Turkington Roy , White Shannon , Xu Zhuwen , Yahdjian Laura , Yu Qiang , Zhang Pengfei , Zhang Yunhai 
Published: August 2019

Significance
Accurate prediction of community responses to global change drivers (GCDs) is critical given the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem services. There is consensus that human activities are driving species extinctions at the global scale, but debate remains over whether GCDs are systematically altering local communities worldwide. Across 105 experiments that included over 400 experimental manipulations, we found evidence for a lagged response of herbaceous plant communities to GCDs caused by shifts in the identities and relative abundances of species, often without a corresponding difference in species richness. These results provide evidence that community responses are pervasive across a wide variety of GCDs on long-term temporal scales and that these responses increase in strength when multiple GCDs are simultaneously imposed.
Tissue-specific geometry and chemistry of modern and fossilized melanosomes reveal internal anatomy of extinct vertebrates
Authors: Rossi Valentina , McNamara Maria E. , Webb Sam M. , Ito Shosuke , Wakamatsu Kazumasa 
Published: August 2019

Significance
Recent reports of nonintegumentary melanosomes in fossils hint at functions for melanin beyond color production, but the biology and evolution of internal melanins are poorly understood. Our results show that internal melanosomes are widespread in diverse fossil and modern vertebrates and have tissue-specific geometries and metal chemistries. Tissue-specific chemical signatures can persist in fossils despite some diagenetic overprint, allowing the reconstruction of internal soft-tissue anatomy in fossil vertebrates, and suggest that links between melanin and metal regulation have deep evolutionary origins in vertebrates.
Biomineralization by particle attachment in early animals
Authors: Gilbert Pupa U. P. A. , Porter Susannah M. , Sun Chang-Yu , Xiao Shuhai , Gibson Brandt M. , Shenkar Noa , Knoll Andrew H. 
Published: August 2019

Significance
The mechanisms by which organisms form mineralized skeletons have been a major research focus for the last 50 y and remain so today. Among the most surprising discoveries is the recent observation that different animals use the same mechanisms, and precisely the same amorphous precursors, to form biomineralized structures as diverse as coral skeletons, molluscan shells, and sea urchin spines. In living animals, skeletal biomineralization from amorphous precursors correlates with a distinctive nanoparticulate texture that can be preserved in fossils, enabling us to probe mechanisms of skeletal formation in early animals. We document nanoparticulate texture in some of the oldest known carbonate skeletons, which strongly suggests that skeletons formed from amorphous precursors throughout the recorded history of animals.
A unique variant of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus that induces pheromone binding protein MUP: Critical role for CTL
Authors: Ware Brian C. , Sullivan Brian M. , LaVergne Stephanie , Marro Brett S. , Egashira Toru , Campbell Kevin P. , Elder John , Oldstone Michael B. A. 
Published: August 2019

Significance
Pheromones play essential roles in host communications and sexual attraction, and thus regulate adaptive behavior. Here we present the discovery and characterization of the first known virus, a variant of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, that selectively induces pheromone binding protein mouse urinary protein. Furthermore, we found that cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a critical role in mouse urinary protein generation.