bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Inclusion of Reaction Activator and Reaction Accelerator to Ni‐MOF Toward Extra‐Ordinary Performance of Urea Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Acharya Animesh , Mandal Koustav , Kumari Neetu , Chatterjee Kuntal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecently electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR) has emerged as the technology of demand for commercialization of urea‐based energy conversion. However, the nascent idea is limited by the energy burden of threshold voltage and the sluggish reaction kinetics involving a six‐electron transfer mechanism. Herein, for the first time, the engineering of electrocatalysts are proposed with simultaneous inclusion of UOR activator and UOR accelerator. Nitrogen‐doped carbon‐decorated Ni‐based Metal Organic Framework (MOF) has been synthesized as the base catalyst material. MoO2 and rGO with varied loading have been attached to the MOF to get the desired MoO2/Ni‐MOF/rGO heterostructure incorporating defects and crystal strain within the materials. Investigations reveal that the invoked lattice strain and atomic defects promote plenteous Ni3+ active sites. The optimized sample demonstrates extraordinary performance of UOR having the potential value as low as 1.32 V versus RHE to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2 and the tafel slope is only 31 mV dec−1 reflecting very fast reaction kinetics. Here MoO2 plays the role of UOR activator whereas optimized loading of rGO proliferates the reaction speed. This work, experimentally and theoretically, presents a new insight to enhance electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction opening an avenue of urea‐based energy‐harvesting technology.
Fine Tuning of Torus‐Shaped Mo‐Doped Ni2P Nanorings for Enhanced Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Yadav Abhinav , Das Manash R. , Deka Sasanka 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSeawater, as one of nature's most plentiful resources, provides a virtually inexhaustible source for generating hydrogen via water electrolysis. Developing an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for direct seawater splitting is challenging but highly desirable. Herein, a donut‐shaped Mo‐doped Ni2P nanoring electrocatalyst is developed, which is promising for direct overall seawater splitting. The optimized Mo0.1Ni1.9P catalyst shows low overpotentials and Tafel slopes in addition to high turnover frequencies, mass activities, and exchange current densities. The Mo0.1Ni1.9P||Mo0.1Ni1.9P couple‐based electrolyzer requires a cell voltage of only 1.45 V in 1.0 m KOH and 1.47 V in untreated alkaline real seawater electrolysis at 10 mA cm−2 current density. Industrially required current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm−2 are achieved at record low voltages of 1.81 and 1.86 V, respectively, at 25 °C and 1.77 and 1.82 V, respectively, at 75 °C for overall alkaline seawater splitting. The catalyst exhibited long‐term stability at 400 mA cm−2 during alkaline seawater electrolysis. The synergy between Mo ions with multiple oxidation states and Ni ions, and nanoring morphology play a crucial role in increasing active sites for enhanced seawater dissociation. This work highlights the potential of Mo‐doped Ni2P nanorings as unique catalysts for seawater electrolysis.
Ni Vacancy and the Se/S Ratio Regulate the p‐Band Center of Hollow NiSxSe2‐x/Phase Junction CdS to Achieve High Efficiency and Broad‐Spectrum Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Li Ning , Qiu Yanping , Li Linping , Zhang Jiatong , Gao Yangqin , Ge Lei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRational design of defect engineering and interfacial built‐in electric fields of photocatalysts is imperative for renewable energy conversion. Herein, a multi‐strategy involving the introduction of Ni vacancies, the adjustment of the Se/S ratio, and the construction of dual junctions are employed to simultaneously realize NiSxSe2‐x/phase junction CdS (HCC) an excellent photocatalytic activity and broad light absorption. With the help of VNi and the regulation of S/Se, the local electrons are redistributed to occupy more antibonding orbitals and adjust the p‐band center, thus optimizing the H* adsorption energy of the catalyst to accelerate the photocatalytic reaction kinetics. Meanwhile, the synergistic effects of phase junction and heterojunction formations generate dual built‐in electric fields (BIEF), which further amplify the stepwise separation and migration of photogenerated carriers. Notably, VNi‐NiSSe/HCC achieves an optimal H2 evolution rate of 11.43 mmol·g−1·h−1 under visible light irradiation with the apparent quantum yield (AQY) at 15.3% at 420 nm, which is 53 times and 26.6 times higher than H‐CdS and HCC, respectively. Additionally, it also exhibits a hydrogen evolution rate of 147 µmol·g−1·h−1 under near‐infrared (NIR) light with λ ≥780 nm. This work provides new insight into designing robust photocatalysts by regulating the electronic states and energy states.
Flexible Polyacrylonitrile‐Supported MOF‐on‐COF Composite Membrane for Hydrogen Purification
Authors: Cai Jianan , Wong Kar Chun , Zhang Sui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHydrogen (H2) is a clean and efficient energy source that has garnered global technological development to enhance its production. However, effective purification is necessary to remove impurities from hydrogen products. H2 purification membranes need to exhibit both high H2 permeance and sufficient H2 selectivity. Herein, this study presents an in situ growth method to prepare a composite metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐on‐ covalent organic framework (COF) membrane for hydrogen purification, consisting of a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) substrate, a sulfonated triphenylphosphine acid (TpPa‐SO3H) gutter layer, and a zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) selective layer. The TpPa‐SO3H layer is prepared on the PAN substrate via an in situ growth method and used to anchor the metal precursors of ZIF‐8 to form a continuous and dense ZIF‐8 layer on its surface. The resulting [TpPa‐SO3H]‐[ZIF‐8]/PAN membrane achieves a hydrogen permeance of 1429.4 GPU and an H2/N2 selectivity of 22.9. These results highlight the potential of composite membranes in advancing hydrogen separation technology and provide a promising approach for efficient hydrogen purification.
Lattice Regularization by Manipulating Over‐Stoichiometric Defects Yields High‐Performance (Bi,Sb)2Te3 Thermoelectrics
Authors: Li Ruyuan , Pan Qiaoyan , Zhang Qiang , Wang Min , Pang Kaikai , Miao Liya , Tan Xiaojian , Hu Haoyang , Wu Jiehua , Liu Guo‐Qiang , Jiang Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBi2Te3‐based alloys have historically dominated the commercial sector of near‐ambient‐temperature thermoelectric technology. However, the massive intrinsic defects form the “donor‐like” effect and affect the transport properties of Bi2−xSbxTe3 significantly. Here, it is demonstrated that the over‐stoichiometric Sb fills Te vacancies and weakens the defect scattering, resulting in a desirable carrier mobility. The boost‐generated antisite defects also compensate for the extra hole carries. Combined with dilute Cu doping, the global microstructural modulation is synergistically promoted, characterized by Sb coherent nanoprecipitates and high‐density twins. Benefitting from the decoupled electrical‐thermal transport, the peak ZT is improved to ≈1.50 at 350 K, with an average ZT of 1.25 from 300 to 500 K. The further designed and integrated 17‐pair power generators exhibit ultrahigh conversion efficiency, reaching 6.7% under a 200 K temperature gradient, and show excellent operational stability. These achievements hold great potential for advancing Bi2Te3‐based power generators in low‐grade waste heat recovery.
High‐Performance Flexible and Symmetric Supercapacitors Based on Micro‐Flower‐Like MnSe@Ti3C2Tx Heterostructure
Authors: Li Siyan , Song Qian , Fang Chunlei , Lu Yong , Ding Xiaokang , Liu Ting , Zhang Jicai , Xu Fu‐Jian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFlexible supercapacitors, renowned for their exceptional power density and cycling stability, are a focus in the field of energy storage. Ti3C2Tx MXene is a promising electrode material for supercapacitors owing to its excellent metallic conductivity. However, its stacking layered structure limits device performance on specific capacitance, operating voltage, and energy density. Herein, a MnSe@Ti3C2Tx heterostructure is developed to enhance the electrochemical performance of Ti3C2Tx‐based electrode materials. With the solvothermal synthesis method, MnSe nanosheets are in situ grown on Ti3C2Tx surface to form micro‐flower‐like MnSe@Ti3C2Tx heterostructures by adjusting the ratio of ethanolamine solvent and the amount of Ti3C2Tx. The specific capacitance of the optimized heterostructure (E3/MnSe@Ti3C2Tx‐45) is as high as 721.4 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, approximately ten times higher than that of pure Ti3C2Tx. The MnSe@Ti3C2Tx flexible symmetric supercapacitor (MT‐FSC) based on E3/MnSe@Ti3C2Tx‐45 exhibits a wide working voltage window of 1.2 V and a large energy density of 28.68 Wh kg−1 at 308.23 W kg−1. The capacitance retention rate keeps 90.77% after 4000 charge–discharge cycles. Furthermore, MT‐FSC can power LEDs even under large‐angle (90°) bending. This heterostructure electrode material not only improves the electrochemical performance of Ti3C2Tx‐based flexible supercapacitors but also offers a robust energy supply for flexible wearable electronic devices.
Propene epoxidation with molecular oxygen: Advancements from nanoparticle to single‐atom catalysts
Authors: He Qiuming , Lin Dong , Yin Defu , Yang Chaohe , Chen De , Feng Xiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPropylene oxide plays a pivotal role as an organic synthesis intermediate, boasting extensive downstream applications and promising market prospects. Propene epoxidation via molecular oxygen has garnered considerable attention due to its cost‐effectiveness, environmental friendliness, ease of operation, and straightforward product separation. This paper provides an in‐depth exploration of recent advancements, ranging from nanoparticle to Single‐atom catalysts (SACs), in the context of propene epoxidation using molecular oxygen. Conventional nanoparticle catalysts, including those based on Ag, Cu, and other metals, are examined with regard to their contributions to support effects, electron effects, or crystal‐plane effects within the mechanistic investigation. Furthermore, emerging SACs (specifically Mo, Cu, and Co) are discussed in terms of synthesis strategies, characterization methods, and mechanism studies. This comprehensive review sheds new light on design strategies, relevant characterizations, and thorough mechanism investigations aimed at fostering the development of efficient catalysts, thereby expediting progress in the industrial implementation of propene epoxidation.
Adaptive Learning in Robust Linear Regression With a Semiparametric Skew‐Normal Scale Mixture Distribution
Authors: Seo Byungtae , Oh Sangkon 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe ordinary least squares method is commonly used for estimating regression coefficients for the linear regression. However, this approach is highly sensitive to influential outliers and loses efficiency when the error follows a skewed or heavy‐tailed distribution. To address these limitations, we propose the adoption of semiparametric skew‐normal scale mixture distributions for the error. By using a nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator for the scale factor in skew‐normal scale mixture, we can mitigate the risk of misspecification issues and produce robust estimators without any model selection procedure. Furthermore, we present simulation studies and real data analyses to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.
Management of monochorionic diamniotic twin gestation affected by Type‐II selective fetal growth restriction: cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Morgan J. C. , Rios J. , Kahl T. , Prasad M. , Rausch A. , Longman R. , Mehra S. , Shaaban A. , Premkumar A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveMonochorionic twin gestations affected by Type‐II selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR) are at increased risk of intrauterine fetal demise, extreme preterm birth, severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) and neonatal death of one or both twins. In the absence of a consensus on the optimal management strategy, we chose to evaluate which strategy was cost‐effective in the setting of Type‐II sFGR.MethodsA decision‐analytic model was used to compare expectant management (EM), bipolar cord occlusion (BCO), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP) for a hypothetical cohort of 10 000 people with a monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy affected by Type‐II sFGR. Probabilities and utilities were derived from the literature. Costs were derived from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project and adjusted to 2023 USD. The analytic horizon, taken from the perspective of the pregnant patient, extended throughout the life of the child or children. An incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of 50 000 USD per quality‐adjusted life year defined the willingness‐to‐pay threshold. One‐way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was also performed.ResultsFor base‐case estimates, RFA was the most cost‐effective strategy compared with all of the other interventions included, with an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of 14 243 USD per quality‐adjusted life year. One‐way sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the utilities assigned to fetal demise and severe NDI, as well as the costs of preterm birth before 32 weeks, most strongly impacted the model outcomes. On probabilistic sensitivity analysis, RFA was the most cost‐effective strategy in 78% of runs, followed by BCO at 20%, EM at 2% and FLP in 0% of runs. When compared with EM, RFA led to 58 fewer births before 28 weeks' gestation, 273 fewer cases of severe NDI and 22 more deliveries after 32 weeks. When compared with FLP, RFA resulted in 259 fewer cases of severe NDI and 3177 more births after 32 weeks. When compared with BCO, RFA resulted in 1786 more neurologically intact neonates and 34 fewer cases of severe NDI.ConclusionsOn base‐case analysis, RFA was found to be the most cost‐effective strategy in the management of monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies affected by Type‐II sFGR. However, these findings were not robust on sensitivity analysis, indicating the potential benefit of BCO and EM. In the absence of large clinical trials, these data should not be taken to guide management. Future studies should evaluate management strategies for Type‐II sFGR related to long‐term neonatal outcomes, inclusive of quality‐of‐life indicators, in a prospective multicenter cohort. © 2024 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Bounds and dualities of Type II Little String Theories
Authors: Baume Florent , Oehlmann Paul-Konstantin , Ruehle Fabian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We explore the symmetry structure of Type II Little String Theories and their T-dualities. We construct these theories both from the bottom-up perspective starting with seed Superconformal Field Theories, and from the top-down using F-/M-theory. By exploiting anomaly inflow and unitarity of the LST worldsheet theory, we derive strong conditions on the possible 6D bulk theories and their flavor algebras. These constraints continue to apply if gravity is coupled to the theory. We also study the higher form symmetry structure of these theories and show how they get exchanged under T-duality. Finally, we comment on seemingly consistent bottom-up Little String Theories that cannot be constructed from the top-down approach.
Flavor invariants for the SM with one singlet vector-like quark
Authors: de Lima E. L. F. , Nishi C. C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study the flavor invariants of the SM augmented by one singlet vector-like quark. Aided by the Hilbert series, we construct all the basic invariants with which any flavor invariant can be written as a polynomial. In special, this theory contains one CP odd invariant of degree six which has degree much lower than the usual Jarlskog invariant of the SM. We find the nonlinear polynomial relations (syzygies) of lowest degrees involving these basic invariants, including the expression of the square of the CP odd invariant of lowest degree in terms of CP even invariants. The SU(3) identity underlying this syzygy is uncovered in terms of invariant tensors, which can be applied to rewrite any square of a CP odd invariant of the same form, involving three hermitean matrices of size three. We demonstrate by an example that there is CP violation that is not detected by the CP odd invariants proposed in the literature so far but it can be detected with the full list of CP odd invariants found here.
Linear topological invariants for kernels of differential operators by shifted fundamental solutions
Authors: Debrouwere Andreas , Kalmes Thomas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We characterize the condition

$$(\Omega )$$

(
Ω
)

for smooth kernels of partial differential operators in terms of the existence of shifted fundamental solutions satisfying certain properties. The conditions

$$(P\Omega )$$

(
P
Ω
)

and

$$(P\overline{\overline{\Omega }})$$

(
P

Ω
¯

¯

)

for distributional kernels are characterized in a similar way. By lifting theorems for Fréchet spaces and (PLS)-spaces, this provides characterizations of the problem of parameter dependence for smooth and distributional solutions of differential equations by shifted fundamental solutions. As an application, we give a new proof of the fact that the space

$$\{ f \in {\mathscr {E}}(X) \, | \, P(D)f = 0\}$$

{
f
∈
E
(
X
)

|

P
(
D
)
f
=
0
}

satisfies

$$(\Omega )$$

(
Ω
)

for any differential operator P(D) and any open convex set

$$X \subseteq {\mathbb {R}}^d$$

X
⊆

R

d

.
Pathologic and clinical correlates of region-specific brain GFAP in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Phillips Jared M. , Winfree Rebecca L. , Seto Mabel , Schneider Julie A. , Bennett David A. , Dumitrescu Logan C. , Hohman Timothy J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPlasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an emerging biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with higher blood GFAP levels linked to faster cognitive decline, particularly among individuals with high brain amyloid burden. However, few studies have examined brain GFAP expression to clarify if peripheral associations reflect brain changes. This study aimed to correlate region-specific GFAP mRNA expression (n = 917) and protein abundance (n=386) with diverse neuropathological measures at autopsy in the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project (ROS/MAP) and to characterize the interaction between brain GFAP and brain amyloid burden on downstream outcomes. We assessed GFAP gene expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, caudate nucleus, and posterior cingulate cortex with respect to core AD pathology (amyloid-β and tau), cerebrovascular (microinfarcts, macroinfarcts, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy [CAA]), proteinopathic (TDP-43, Lewy bodies), and cognitive outcomes. These associations were further examined at the protein level using tandem-mass tag proteomic measurements from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We also assessed GFAP interactions with AD neuropathology on downstream outcomes. Cortical GFAP gene and protein expression were significantly upregulated in participants with a neuropathologically confirmed AD diagnosis at autopsy (all PFDR < 3.5e−4), but not in individuals positive for tau pathology and negative for amyloid pathology (all PFDR > 0.05). Higher cortical GFAP levels were associated with increased amyloid pathology, CAA pathology, and faster cognitive decline (all PFDR < 3.3e−3). GFAP’s associations with phosphorylated tau burden and cognition were influenced by amyloid burden, being most pronounced among amyloid-positive individuals, confirming previous in vivo biomarker observations. No associations were observed between GFAP gene expression and outcomes in the caudate nucleus. Our results support previous biomarker findings and suggest that higher brain GFAP levels are associated with higher brain amyloid burden and faster cognitive decline among amyloid-positive individuals.
Neuronal and oligodendroglial, but not astroglial, tau translates to in vivo tau PET signals in individuals with primary tauopathies
Authors: Slemann Luna , Gnörich Johannes , Hummel Selina , Bartos Laura M. , Klaus Carolin , Kling Agnes , Kusche-Palenga Julia , Kunte Sebastian T. , Kunze Lea H. , Englert Amelie L. , Li Yunlei , Vogler Letizia , Katzdobler Sabrina , Palleis Carla , Bernhardt Alexander , Jäck Alexander , Zwergal Andreas , Hopfner Franziska , Roemer-Cassiano Sebastian N. , Biechele Gloria , Stöcklein Sophia , Bischof Gerard , van Eimeren Thilo , Drzezga Alexander , Sabri Osama , Barthel Henryk , Respondek Gesine , Grimmer Timo , Levin Johannes , Herms Jochen , Paeger Lars , Willroider Marie , Beyer Leonie , Höglinger Günter U. , Roeber Sigrun , Franzmeier Nicolai , Brendel Matthias 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTau PET has attracted increasing interest as an imaging biomarker for 4-repeat (4R)-tauopathy progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). However, the translation of in vitro 4R-tau binding to in vivo tau PET signals is still unclear. Therefore, we performed a translational study using a broad spectrum of advanced methodologies to investigate the sources of [18F]PI-2620 tau PET signals in individuals with 4R-tauopathies, including a pilot PET autopsy study in patients. First, we conducted a longitudinal [18F]PI-2620 PET/MRI study in a 4-repeat-tau mouse model (PS19) and detected elevated [18F]PI-2620 PET signals in the presence of high levels of neuronal tau. An innovative approach involving cell sorting after radiotracer injection in vivo revealed higher tracer uptake in single neurons than in the astrocytes of PS19 mice. Regional [18F]PI-2620 tau PET signals during the lifetime correlated with the abundance of fibrillary tau and with autoradiography signal intensity in PSP patients and disease controls who underwent autopsy 2–63 months after tau PET. In autoradiography, tau-positive neurons and oligodendrocytes with a high AT8 density, but not tau-positive astrocytes, were the drivers of [18F]PI-2620 autoradiography signals in individuals with PSP. The high tau abundance in oligodendrocytes at the boundary of gray and white matter facilitated the identification of an optimized frontal lobe target region to detect the tau burden in patients with PSP. In summary, neuronal and oligodendroglial tau constitutes the dominant source of tau PET radiotracer binding in 4-repeat-tauopathies, translating to an in vivo signal.
Review on Symptomatic pedunculated leiomyomas in pregnancy with special consideration of an example case
Authors: Bubmann Jonas , Wild Carl Mathis , Dannecker Christian , Franitza Manuela , Eser Bernadette , Seefried Marina C. , Kroencke Thomas , Voisard Philipp , Jeschke Udo , Garrido Fabian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objectives/Hypothesis
Symptomatic pedunculated leiomyomas in pregnancy; review of the literature with special consideration of an example case.

Study design
Retrospective narrative review with an example case.

Methods
Systematic evaluation of 37 reports.

Example case
A 36-year-old Caucasian primigravida was referred symptomatic at 16 + 0 weeks due to a 13,5 cm myoma causing pain, constipation, urine retention and dysesthesias. Our patient underwent myomectomy at 17 + 0 weeks. One pedunculated leiomyoma was successfully removed.

Conclusion
Myomectomy can be performed and is safe for pedunculated fibroids in pregnancy. Depending on the clinical scenario, surgical removal may be indicated. Based on the size of the fibroids and expected adhesions, a laparotomy is a safe option and is not a contraindication for vaginal birth in the case of pedunculated fibroids. Myomas larger than 10 cm should be removed by laparotomy.