bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceleration-induced pressure gradients and cavitation in soft biomaterials
Authors: Kang Wonmo , Raphael Marc 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe transient, dynamic response of soft materials to mechanical impact has become increasingly relevant due to the emergence of numerous biomedical applications, e.g., accurate assessment of blunt injuries to the human body. Despite these important implications, acceleration-induced pressure gradients in soft materials during impact and the corresponding material response, from small deformations to sudden bubble bursts, are not fully understood. Both through experiments and theoretical analyses, we empirically show, using collagen and agarose model systems, that the local pressure in a soft sample is proportional to the square of the sample depth in the impact direction. The critical acceleration that corresponds to bubble bursts increases with increasing gel stiffness. Bubble bursts are also highly sensitive to the initial bubble size, e.g., bubble bursts can occur only when the initial bubble diameter is smaller than a critical size (≈10 μm). Our study gives fundamental insight into the physics of injury mechanisms, from blunt trauma to cavitation-induced brain injury.
GBS-derived SNP catalogue unveiled wide genetic variability and geographical relationships of Italian olive cultivars
Authors: D’Agostino Nunzio , Taranto Francesca , Camposeo Salvatore , Mangini Giacomo , Fanelli Valentina , Gadaleta Susanna , Miazzi Monica Marilena , Pavan Stefano , di Rienzo Valentina , Sabetta Wilma , Lombardo Luca , Zelasco Samanta , Perri Enzo , Lotti Concetta , Ciani Elena , Montemurro Cinzia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInformation on the distribution of genetic variation is essential to preserve olive germplasm from erosion and to recover alleles lost through selective breeding. In addition, knowledge on population structure and genotype–phenotype associations is crucial to support modern olive breeding programs that must respond to new environmental conditions imposed by climate change and novel biotic/abiotic stressors. To further our understanding of genetic variation in the olive, we performed genotype-by-sequencing on a panel of 94 Italian olive cultivars. A reference-based and a reference-independent SNP calling pipeline generated 22,088 and 8,088 high-quality SNPs, respectively. Both datasets were used to model population structure via parametric and non parametric clustering. Although the two pipelines yielded a 3-fold difference in the number of SNPs, both described wide genetic variability among our study panel and allowed individuals to be grouped based on fruit weight and the geographical area of cultivation. Multidimensional scaling analysis on identity-by-state allele-sharing values as well as inference of population mixtures from genome-wide allele frequency data corroborated the clustering pattern we observed. These findings allowed us to formulate hypotheses about geographical relationships of Italian olive cultivars and to confirm known and uncover novel cases of synonymy.
Allostatic load and disordered white matter microstructure in overweight adults
Authors: Ottino-González J. , Jurado M. A. , García-García I. , Segura B. , Marqués-Iturria I. , Sender-Palacios M. J. , Tor E. , Prats-Soteras X. , Caldú X. , Junqué C. , Pasternak O. , Garolera M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOverweight and stress are both related to brain structural abnormalities. The allostatic load model states that frequent disruption of homeostasis is inherently linked to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses that in turn can damage the brain. However, the effects of the allostatic load on the central nervous system remain largely unknown. The current study aimed to assess the relationship between the allostatic load and the composition of whole-brain white matter tracts in overweight subjects. Additionally, we have also tested for grey matter changes regarding allostatic load increase. Thirty-one overweight-to-obese adults and 21 lean controls participated in the study. Our results showed that overweight participants presented higher allostatic load indexes. Such increases correlated with lower fractional anisotropy in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculi and the right anterior corona radiata, as well as with grey matter reductions in the left precentral gyrus, the left lateral occipital gyrus, and the right pars opercularis. These results suggest that an otherwise healthy overweight status is linked to long-term biological changes potentially harmful to the brain.
Non-reassuring foetal status and neonatal irritability in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study: A cohort study
Authors: Morokuma Seiichi , Michikawa Takehiro , Kato Kiyoko , Sanefuji Masafumi , Shibata Eiji , Tsuji Mayumi , Senju Ayako , Kawamoto Toshihiro , Ohga Shouichi , Kusuhara Koichi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether non-reassuring foetal status (NRFS) affected an infant’s temperament, or if the temperament formed prenatally resulted in an excessive heart rate reaction that was diagnosed as NRFS. We examined the correlation between NRFS and difficulty in holding a baby, and the amount of crying in the one month after birth, which was considered an indicator of the newborn’s temperament. We divided the cases with NRFS into positive NRFS and false positive NRFS. NRFS was associated with bad mood, frequent crying for a long duration, and intense crying. After adjustment for other covariates, NRFS was associated with bad mood (odds ratio, OR = 1.15, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.00–1.33), and intense crying (1.12, 1.02–1.24). In the multi-variable model, positive and false positive NRFS were not clearly associated with neonatal irritability. When stratified by parity, NRFS and false positive NRFS were likely to be positively associated with neonatal irritability in parous women. The clear association between NRFS and intense crying was observed in parous women (multi-variable adjusted OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.16–1.83), but not in nulliparae (1.01, 0.91–1.12) (p for effect modification <0.01). Similarly, increased odds of intense crying associated with false positive NRFS were only found in parous women (multi-variable adjusted OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.09–1.81) (p for effect modification = 0.03). There was no association observed between positive NRFS and irritability; therefore, NRFS has no effect on an infant’s temperament.
Surveillance of CKD epidemiology in the US – a joint analysis of NHANES and KEEP
Authors: Myers O. B. , Pankratz V. S. , Norris K. C. , Vassalotti J. A. , Unruh M. L. , Argyropoulos C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChronic Kidney Disease (CKD), is highly prevalent in the United States. Epidemiological systems for surveillance of CKD rely on data that are based solely on the NHANES survey, which does not include many patients with the most severe and less frequent forms of CKD. We investigated the feasibility of estimating CKD prevalence from the large-scale community disease detection Kidney Early Evaluation and Program (KEEP, n = 127,149). We adopted methodologies from the field of web surveys to address the self-selection bias inherent in KEEP. Primary outcomes studied were CKD Stage 3–5 (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and CKD Stage 4-5 (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2). The unweighted prevalence of Stage 4-5 CKD was higher in KEEP (1.00%, 95%CI: 0.94–1.05%) than in NHANES (0.51%, 95% CI: 0.43–0.59%). Application of a selection model that used variables related to demographics, recruitment and socio-economic factors resulted in estimates similar to NHANES (0.55%, 95% CI: 0.50–0.60%). Weighted prevalence of Stages 3–5 CKD in KEEP was 6.45% (95% CI: 5.70–7.28%) compared to 6.73% (95% CI: 6.30–7.19%) for NHANES. Application of methodologies that address the self-selection bias in the KEEP program may allow the use of this large, geographically diverse dataset for CKD surveillance.
The mitochondrial antioxidant SS-31 increases SIRT1 levels and ameliorates inflammation, oxidative stress and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Escribano-Lopez Irene , Diaz-Morales Noelia , Iannantuoni Francesca , Lopez-Domenech Sandra , de Marañon Aranzazu M , Abad-Jimenez Zaida , Bañuls Celia , Rovira-Llopis Susana , Herance Jose R , Rocha Milagros , Victor Victor M 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThere is growing focus on mitochondrial impairment and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the development of novel therapeutic strategies in this context. It is unknown whether mitochondrial-targeting antioxidants such as SS-31 protect sufficiently against oxidative damage in diabetes. We aimed to evaluate if SS-31 modulates SIRT1 levels and ameliorates leukocyte-endothelium interactions, oxidative stress and inflammation in T2D patients. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were studied in 51 T2D patients and 57 controls. Production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, glutathione content, leukocyte-endothelium interactions, NFκB-p65, TNFα and SIRT1 levels was measured in leukocytes treated or not with SS-31. We observed increased mitochondrial ROS production that was restored by SS-31 treatment. SS-31 also increased mitochondrial membrane potential, glutathione content, SIRT1 levels and leukocyte rolling velocity and reduced rolling flux and adhesion in T2D patients. NFκB-p65 and TNFα, which were enhanced in diabetic patients, were also reduced by SS-31 treatment. Our results reveal that SS-31 exerts beneficial effects on the leukocytes of T2D patients by reducing oxidative stress, leukocyte-endothelium interactions, NFκB and TNFα and by increasing SIRT1 levels. These actions support its use as a potential agent against CVD risk.
Vigorous Intervals and Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Cross Over Trial
Authors: Rempel Meaghan , Yardley Jane E. , MacIntosh Andrea , Hay Jacqueline L. , Bouchard Danielle , Cornish Stephen , Marks Seth D. , Hai Yan , Gordon Joseph W. , McGavock Jonathan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAdding vigorous-intensity intervals (VII) to moderate-intensity exercise prevents immediate declines in blood glucose in type 1 diabetes (T1D) however the intensity required to minimize post-exercise hypoglycemia is unknown. To examine this question, ten sedentary T1D individuals completed four treadmill exercise sessions: a control session of 45 minutes of walking at 45–55% of heart rate reserve (HRR) and three sessions consisting of 60 seconds (VII) at 70%, 80%, or 90% of HRR every 4 minutes during exercise at 45–55% of HRR. We used continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to measure time ≤3.9 mmol/L, glucose variability, hypoglycemia frequency and area under the curve (AUC) for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia for 12 hours post-exercise. We also examined growth hormone and cortisol responses during and following exercise. In the 12 hours post-exercise, the percentage of time ≤3.9 mmol/L, glucose variability, and AUC for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia were similar across conditions. The frequency of hypoglycemic events was highest after the 90% intervals compared to the control arm (12 vs 3 events, p = 0.03). There was a trend towards elevated growth hormone with increasing exercise intensity but cortisol levels were similar across conditions. Adding VII to moderate intensity exercise may increase hypoglycemia risk at higher intensities.
Improving Polish Stuttering Attitudes: An Experimental Study of Teachers and University Students
Authors: St. Louis Kenneth O. , Węsierska Katarzyna , Polewczyk Irena 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This quasi-experimental design study in Poland evaluated the effects of a course on stuttering for university students and the effects of an educational workshop for public school teachers, both interventions designed to improve attitudes toward stuttering.

Method

Participants (132 in-service teachers and 75 university students) completed the Polish version of the
Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Stuttering
(St. Louis, 2011) twice, before and after 2 interventions for experimental groups and 3 months apart for control groups. Experimental teachers participated in a 2-hr workshop dedicated to stuttering. Experimental students enrolled in a 1-semester course wherein multiple activities (including the teacher workshop) were included to generate a comprehensive understanding of stuttering. None of the participants in either control group participated in the academic course for students or workshop for teachers.

Results
Preintervention comparisons for teachers and for students confirmed that participants assigned to either experimental or control groups did not differ significantly on their attitudes toward stuttering. For both experimental teachers and students, the interventions resulted in significant positive changes in stuttering attitudes. Neither control group changed.

Conclusions
This experimental study demonstrated that it is possible to positively modify stuttering attitudes of teachers as well as university students. It has implications for the length, content, and experiential components of interventions designed to improve public attitudes toward stuttering.
Methods in Stuttering Therapy for Desensitizing Parents of Children Who Stutter
Authors: Berquez Ali , Kelman Elaine 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The aim of this study was to describe a range of methods used in stuttering therapy for desensitizing parents of children who stutter (CWS).

Method
This clinical tutorial will first briefly explore the rationale and benefit of including parents of CWS of all ages in the therapy process. The construct of desensitization will be defined, and a description will be given of how traditionally it has been incorporated into therapy with adults who stutter and CWS. Research evidence will be presented about the impact of a child's stuttering on parents. The article will then focus on clinical methods for desensitizing parents of CWS using examples of activities conducted in group and individual therapy with parents at the Michael Palin Centre in London with reference to desired outcomes, how to measure them, and how to address potential pitfalls.

Conclusion
Desensitization activities can be implemented with parents of CWS to help them recognize and manage their emotional reactions to their child's stuttering, to support parents to feel knowledgeable and confident in managing their child's stuttering, and ultimately to enhance the child's progress in therapy.
We Have a Voice: Exploring Participants' Experiences of Stuttering Modification Therapy
Authors: Everard Rachel A. , Howell Peter 
Published: October 2018

PurposeQualitative data were obtained from 8 people who stutter about their experiences and changes they perceived following attendance of an intensive group therapy intervention. Measures that related to reductions in stuttering, improved communicative confidence, and impacts on stuttering and quality of life were used to complement the qualitative data.MethodEight participants attended a group stuttering modification course for adults who stutter. They reported their experiences of therapy and perceived changes in a focus group immediately after therapy and at a semistructured interview 6 months post-therapy. Participants completed 5 additional quantitative standardized outcome measures at 3 data collection points (before and directly after therapy and 6 months post-therapy). These measures provided information about stuttering severity and frequency, use of avoidance strategies, attitude change, communicative confidence, quality of life, and locus of control.ResultsThematic analysis of the qualitative data identified 4 main areas: thoughts, feelings, and behaviors before therapy and motivation for seeking therapy; direct experience of the course; learning outcomes and challenges and solutions for maintaining change; and ways in which attending therapy had made a difference. These reported changes were supported by the quantitative measures that demonstrated improved communicative confidence; increased self-awareness; affective, behavioral, and cognitive changes; reduced use of avoidance strategies; and lower impact of stuttering on quality of life.ConclusionsThe qualitative analyses confirmed positive speech and attitude changes consequent on participants' attendance at stuttering modification therapy. These changes, further corroborated by quantitative measures, were linked to reports of improved quality of life. Further research is required to investigate the effectiveness of this form of therapy empirically and from the client's perspective.
Optical/X-ray correlations during the V404 Cygni June 2015 outburst
Authors: Alfonso-Garzón J. , Sánchez-Fernández C. , Charles P. A. , Mas-Hesse J. M. , Gandhi P. , Kimura M. , Domingo A. , Rodriguez J. , Chenevez J. 
Published: October 2018

Context. We present a multiwavelength analysis of the simultaneous optical and X-ray light curves of the microquasar V404 Cyg during the June 2015 outburst.
Aims. We have performed a comprehensive analysis of all the INTEGRAL/IBIS, JEM–X, and OMC observations during the brightest epoch of the outburst, along with complementary NuSTAR, AAVSO, and VSNET data, to examine the timing relationship between the simultaneous optical and X-ray light curves, in order to understand the emission mechanisms and physical locations.
Methods. We have identified all optical flares that have simultaneous X-ray observations, and performed a cross-correlation analysis to estimate the time delays between the optical and soft and hard X-ray emission. We also compared the evolution of the optical and X-ray emission with the hardness ratios.
Results. We have identified several types of behaviour during the outburst. On many occasions, the optical flares occur simultaneously with X-ray flares, but at other times, positive and negative time delays between the optical and X-ray emission are measured.
Conclusions. We conclude that the observed optical variability is driven by different physical mechanisms, including reprocessing of X-rays in the accretion disc and/or the companion star, interaction of the jet ejections with surrounding material or with previously ejected blobs, and synchrotron emission from the jet.
Stressoren in Kindheit und Jugend als Prädiktoren kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen – die Lebenslaufperspektive
Authors: Wahrendorf Morten 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungBei der Suche nach den Ursachen für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen im Alter unterstreicht die aktuelle epidemiologische Forschung die Bedeutung früherer Lebensphasen, einschließlich Stresserfahrungen während der Kindheit und Jugend. Dazu zählen beispielsweise Konflikte in der Familie, Misshandlungen, traumatische Erlebnisse, emotionale Vernachlässigung oder soziale Benachteiligung. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Lebenslaufperspektive vor und gibt einen Überblick zu aktuellen Forschungsbefunden. Studien bestätigen insgesamt, dass frühe Stresserfahrungen das Risiko von kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen im Alter erhöhen. Dabei sind die Folgen früher Stresserfahrungen teilweise unumkehrbar (z. B. durch frühe Auswirkungen auf das neuroendokrine und Herz-Kreislauf-System), hängen teilweise aber auch eng mit gesundheitlichen Belastungen im späteren Lebenslauf zusammen (z. B. Gesundheitsverhalten im Alter). Die Vorbeugung kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen sollte demnach bereits in Kindheit und Jugend ansetzen.
Arbeitsstress als Risikofaktor für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen
Authors: Dragano Nico 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungChronischer Stress entsteht oft in Alltagssituationen, und der Alltag vieler Menschen wird von der Arbeit geprägt und strukturiert. Trotz der unbestreitbar positiven Wirkung einer guten Arbeit für Psyche und Wohlbefinden sind in vielen Berufen psychosoziale Belastungen wie ständiger Zeitdruck, eine hektische Arbeitsumgebung oder zwischenmenschliche Konflikte an der Tagesordnung. Zu diesen Belastungen hat die Forschung Messkonzepte entwickelt, mit deren Hilfe empirisch untersucht wurde, welche Aspekte der Arbeit Stress induzieren und ob solch arbeitsbezogener Stress tatsächlich die Inzidenz kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen fördert. Die Mehrzahl der internationalen Studien berichtet einen Zusammenhang mittlerer Stärke, sodass angenommen werden kann, dass Arbeitsstress ein relevanter Risikofaktor ist. Dieser Beitrag fasst den Forschungsstand zusammen, erläutert die wichtigsten Formen von psychosozialen Arbeitsbelastungen und deren mögliche Folgen für das Herz-Kreislauf-System.
Laparoskopischer partieller PVE-ALPPS vor handassistierter laparoskopischer erweiterter Hemihepatektomie rechts bei einer Patientin mit Gallenblasenkarzinom
Authors: Schmelzle Moritz , Öllinger Robert , Gebauer Bernhard , Podrabsky Petr , Pratschke Johann 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Nach ersten Auswertungen des ALPPS-Registers mit insbesondere für zentrale Gallengangkarzinome ernüchternden, perioperativen Ergebnissen wich die anfängliche Euphorie für dieses Verfahren. Es ist somit angezeigt, das Konzept dahingehend zu modifizieren, die Invasivität und hohe Komplikationsrate des Verfahrens zu reduzieren.
Indikationen Wir berichten nachfolgend über eine 72-jährige Patientin mit einem in die Segmente 4 b und 5 infiltrierend-wachsenden und metastasierenden Gallenblasenkarzinom. Bei zu kleinem zukünftigen Restlebervolumen vor erweiterter Hemihepatektomie rechts planten wir zur Hypertrophieinduktion eine laparoskopische partielle PVE-ALPPS.
Methode Nach unauffälliger Staging-Laparoskopie erfolgte in einem ersten Schritt die oberflächliche Parenchymdissektion entlang des Lig. falciforme mittels Ultraschallschere. Kreuzende tiefere Strukturen zu Segment 4 wurden mittels CUSA dargestellt und zwischen Clips durchtrennt. Eine Parenchymbrücke von ca. 1 cm zwischen linkslateralen und linksmedialen Segmenten blieb aus Sicherheitsgründen im Sinne einer partiellen ALPPS bewusst erhalten, wobei alle größeren nach Segment 4 einstrahlenden Gefäße durchtrennt wurden. Der linke Pedikel blieb in seiner Kontinuität erhalten. Eine komplettierende intraoperative Pfortaderligatur im Sinne einer klassischen ALPPS unterblieb im Hinblick auf die Einhaltung onkologischer Prinzipien vor geplanter hilärer Exploration im Rahmen der komplettierenden Resektion. Anstatt dessen erfolgte eine portalvenöse Embolisation (PVE) der Segmente 5 – 8 am 1. postoperativen Tag nach partieller ALPPS. Nach ausreichener Hypertrophie der Segmente 1 – 3 erfolgte die Komplettierung im Sinne einer minimalinvasiv durchgeführten, erweiterten Hemihepatektomie rechts (Segmente 4 – 8) mit radikaler Lymphadenektomie in Hybrid-Technik.
Schlussfolgerung Die Entfernung eines hepatisch infiltrierend-wachsenden und metastasierenden Gallenblasenkarzinoms im Gesunden bestätigte sich histopathologisch – TNM (8. Edition) pT3 pN1(1/12) G3 R0 L0 V0. Die Patientin konnte am 8. postoperativen Tag nach erweiterter Hemihepatektomie rechts ohne Majorkomplikationen entlassen werden. Ein vorliegendes Gallenblasenkarzinom stellt aus unserer Sicht weder in Hinblick auf eine partielle ALPPS noch in Hinblick auf ein minimalinvasives Vorgehen beider Eingriffe eine Kontraindikation dar.
Ayurvedische Behandlung von obstruktiven Atemwegserkrankungen am Beispiel von Asthma
Authors: Nagersheth Kalyani 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDie ayurvedische Medizin bietet verschiedene Therapiemöglichkeiten zur Behandlung von Asthma und anderen Atemwegserkrankungen. Die Behandlung besteht darin, Vata
und Kapha zu senken und Vata in die richtige Stromrichtung zu leiten, d. h. die Abwärtsbewegung zu fördern. Dies gilt für die Ernährung, Lebensführung, manuelle
Therapie, Phytotherapie und ausleitende reinigende Verfahren. Der Artikel behandelt die Therapiemöglichkeiten mit Kapha und Vata senkender Ernährung,
Pippali-Treppenkur, Weihrauchbehandlung sowie der Pancakarma-Reinigungskur.