bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gate tunable giant anisotropic resistance in ultra-thin GaTe
Authors: Wang Hanwen , Chen Mao-Lin , Zhu Mengjian , Wang Yaning , Dong Baojuan , Sun Xingdan , Zhang Xiaorong , Cao Shimin , Li Xiaoxi , Huang Jianqi , Zhang Lei , Liu Weilai , Sun Dongming , Ye Yu , Song Kepeng , Wang Jianjian , Han Yu , Yang Teng , Guo Huaihong , Qin Chengbing , Xiao Liantuan , Zhang Jing , Chen Jianhao , Han Zheng , Zhang Zhidong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAnisotropy in crystals arises from different lattice periodicity along different crystallographic directions, and is usually more pronounced in two dimensional (2D) materials. Indeed, in the emerging 2D materials, electrical anisotropy has been one of the recent research focuses. However, key understandings of the in-plane anisotropic resistance in low-symmetry 2D materials, as well as demonstrations of model devices taking advantage of it, have proven difficult. Here, we show that, in few-layered semiconducting GaTe, electrical conductivity anisotropy between x and y directions of the 2D crystal can be gate tuned from several fold to over 103. This effect is further demonstrated to yield an anisotropic non-volatile memory behavior in ultra-thin GaTe, when equipped with an architecture of van der Waals floating gate. Our findings of gate-tunable giant anisotropic resistance effect pave the way for potential applications in nanoelectronics such as multifunctional directional memories in the 2D limit.
Triboelectric micromotors actuated by ultralow frequency mechanical stimuli
Authors: Yang Hang , Pang Yaokun , Bu Tianzhao , Liu Wenbo , Luo Jianjun , Jiang Dongdong , Zhang Chi , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA high-speed micromotor is usually actuated by a power source with high voltage and frequency. Here we report a triboelectric micromotor by coupling a micromotor and a triboelectric nanogenerator, in which the micromotor can be actuated by ultralow-frequency mechanical stimuli. The performances of the triboelectric micromotor are exhibited at various structural parameters of the micromotor, as well as at different mechanical stimuli of the triboelectric nanogenerator. With a sliding range of 50 mm at 0.1 Hz, the micromotor can start to rotate and reach over 1000 r min−1 at 0.8 Hz. The maximum operation efficiency of the triboelectric micromotor can reach 41%. Additionally, the micromotor is demonstrated in two scanning systems for information recognition. This work has realized a high-speed micromotor actuated by ultralow frequency mechanical stimuli without an external power supply, which has extended the application of triboelectric nanogenerator in micro/nano electromechanical systems, intelligent robots and autonomous driving.
Selective binding of the PHD6 finger of MLL4 to histone H4K16ac links MLL4 and MOF
Authors: Zhang Yi , Jang Younghoon , Lee Ji-Eun , Ahn JaeWoo , Xu Longxia , Holden Michael R. , Cornett Evan M. , Krajewski Krzysztof , Klein Brianna J. , Wang Shu-Ping , Dou Yali , Roeder Robert G. , Strahl Brian D. , Rothbart Scott B. , Shi Xiaobing , Ge Kai , Kutateladze Tatiana G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHistone methyltransferase MLL4 is centrally involved in transcriptional regulation and is often mutated in human diseases, including cancer and developmental disorders. MLL4 contains a catalytic SET domain that mono-methylates histone H3K4 and seven PHD fingers of unclear function. Here, we identify the PHD6 finger of MLL4 (MLL4-PHD6) as a selective reader of the epigenetic modification H4K16ac. The solution NMR structure of MLL4-PHD6 in complex with a H4K16ac peptide along with binding and mutational analyses reveal unique mechanistic features underlying recognition of H4K16ac. Genomic studies show that one third of MLL4 chromatin binding sites overlap with H4K16ac-enriched regions in vivo and that MLL4 occupancy in a set of genomic targets depends on the acetyltransferase activity of MOF, a H4K16ac-specific acetyltransferase. The recognition of H4K16ac is conserved in the PHD7 finger of paralogous MLL3. Together, our findings reveal a previously uncharacterized acetyllysine reader and suggest that selective targeting of H4K16ac by MLL4 provides a direct functional link between MLL4, MOF and H4K16 acetylation.
Simulation of visual acuity by personalizable neuro-physiological model of the human eye
Authors: Fülep Csilla , Kovács Illés , Kránitz Kinga , Erdei Gábor 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present a model of the whole visual train to estimate an individual’s visual acuity based on their eye’s physical properties. Our simulation takes into account the optics of the eye, neural transmission and noise, as well as the recognition process. Personalized input data are represented by the ocular wavefront aberration and pupil diameter, both either coming from in vivo measurements of a subject or being produced by optical design software using a schematic eye. This flexibility opens the door to a broad range of potential applications, such as objective visual acuity measurements and intraocular lens design. Our algorithm contains only two adjustable neural parameters: additive noise σ, and discrimination range δρ, with their values being experimentally calibrated by fitting the results of simulations to the outcome of real acuity tests performed on healthy young subjects with normal vision (visual acuity: 0…−0.3 logMAR range). It was established that by using fixed values of σ = 0.10 and δρ = 0.0025 for each person examined, the residual of the acuity simulations averaged over the calibration group reached its minimum at 0.045 logMAR.
Different pattern of CSF glial markers between dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Morenas-Rodríguez Estrella , Alcolea Daniel , Suárez-Calvet Marc , Muñoz-Llahuna Laia , Vilaplana Eduard , Sala Isabel , Subirana Andrea , Querol-Vilaseca Marta , Carmona-Iragui María , Illán-Gala Ignacio , Ribosa-Nogué Roser , Blesa Rafael , Haass Christian , Fortea Juan , Lleó Alberto 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe role of innate immunity in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has been little studied. We investigated the levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of glial proteins YKL-40, soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) and progranulin in DLB and their relationship with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers. We included patients with DLB (n = 37), prodromal DLB (prodDLB, n = 23), AD dementia (n = 50), prodromal AD (prodAD, n = 53), and cognitively normal subjects (CN, n = 44). We measured levels of YKL-40, sTREM2, progranulin, Aβ1–42, total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in CSF. We stratified the group DLB according to the ratio t-tau/Aβ1–42 (≥0.52, indicative of AD pathology) and the A/T classification. YKL-40, sTREM2 and progranulin levels did not differ between DLB groups and CN. YKL-40 levels were higher in AD and prodAD compared to CN and to DLB and prodDLB. Patients with DLB with a CSF profile suggestive of AD copathology had higher levels of YKL-40, but not sTREM2 or PGRN, than those without. T+ DLB patients had also higher YKL-40 levels than T−. Of these glial markers, only YKL-40 correlated with t-tau and p-tau in DLB and in prodDLB. In contrast, in prodAD, sTREM2 and PGRN also correlated with t-tau and p-tau. In conclusion, sTREM2 and PGRN are not increased in the CSF of DLB patients. YKL-40 is only increased in DLB patients with an AD biomarker profile, suggesting that the increase is driven by AD-related neurodegeneration. These data suggest a differential glial activation between DLB and AD.
A core genome approach that enables prospective and dynamic monitoring of infectious outbreaks
Authors: Aggelen Helen van , Kolde Raivo , Chamarthi Hareesh , Loving Joshua , Fan Yu , Fallon John T. , Huang Weihua , Wang Guiqing , Fortunato-Habib Mary M. , Carmona Juan J. , Gross Brian D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhole-genome sequencing is increasingly adopted in clinical settings to identify pathogen transmissions, though largely as a retrospective tool. Prospective monitoring, in which samples are continuously added and compared to previous samples, can generate more actionable information. To enable prospective pathogen comparison, genomic relatedness metrics based on single-nucleotide differences must be consistent across time, efficient to compute and reliable for a large variety of samples. The choice of genomic regions to compare, i.e., the core genome, is critical to obtain a good metric. We propose a novel core genome method that selects conserved sequences in the reference genome by comparing its k-mer content to that of publicly available genome assemblies. The conserved-sequence genome is sample set-independent, which enables prospective pathogen monitoring. Based on clinical data sets of 3436 S. aureus, 1362 K. pneumoniae and 348 E. faecium samples, ROC curves demonstrate that the conserved-sequence genome disambiguates same-patient samples better than a core genome consisting of conserved genes. The conserved-sequence genome confirms outbreak samples with high sensitivity: in a set of 2335 S. aureus samples, it correctly identifies 44 out of 44 known outbreak samples, whereas the conserved-gene method confirms 38 known outbreak samples.
Rational design of a hypoallergenic Phl p 7 variant for immunotherapy of polcalcin-sensitized patients
Authors: Raith Marianne , Zach Doris , Sonnleitner Linda , Woroszylo Konrad , Focke-Tejkl Margarete , Wank Herbert , Graf Thorsten , Kuehn Annette , Pascal Mariona , Muñoz-Cano Rosa Maria , Wortmann Judith , Aschauer Philipp , Keller Walter , Braeuer Simone , Goessler Walter , Swoboda Ines 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPolcalcins are important respiratory panallergens, whose IgE-binding capacity depends on the presence of calcium. Since specific immunotherapy is not yet available for the treatment of polcalcin-sensitized patients, we aimed to develop a molecule for efficient and safe immunotherapy. We generated a hypoallergenic variant of the grass pollen polcalcin Phl p 7 by introducing specific point mutations into the allergen’s calcium-binding regions. We thereby followed a mutation strategy that had previously resulted in a hypoallergenic mutant of a calcium-binding food allergen, the major fish allergen parvalbumin. Dot blot assays performed with sera from Phl p 7-sensitized patients showed a drastically reduced IgE reactivity of the Phl p 7 mutant in comparison to wildtype Phl p 7, and basophil activation assays indicated a significantly reduced allergenic activity. Rabbit IgG directed against mutant rPhl p 7 blocked patients’ IgE binding to wildtype Phl p 7, indicating the mutant’s potential applicability for immunotherapy. Mass spectrometry and circular dichroism experiments showed that the mutant had lost the calcium-binding capacity, but still represented a folded protein. In silico analyses revealed that the hypoallergenicity might be due to fewer negative charges on the molecule’s surface and an increased molecular flexibility. We thus generated a hypoallergenic Phl p 7 variant that could be used for immunotherapy of polcalcin-sensitized individuals.
Comparative analysis of silencing expression of myostatin (MSTN) and its two receptors (ACVR2A and ACVR2B) genes affecting growth traits in knock down chicken
Authors: Bhattacharya T. K. , Shukla Renu , Chatterjee R. N. , Bhanja S. K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMyostatin (MSTN), a growth differentiation factor-8 regulates muscular development through its receptors, ACVR2A (Activin receptor type IIA) and ACVR2B (Activin receptor type IIB) by inhibiting cellular differentiation of developing somites during embryonic stage and diminishing myofibriller growth during post-embryonic period. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of knockdown of expression of myostatin, ACVR2A and ACVR2B genes on growth traits in chicken. The shRNAs for Myostatin, ACVR2A and ACVR2B genes were designed, synthesized and cloned in DEST vector. The recombinant molecules were transfected into the spermatozoa and transfected spermatozoa were inseminated artificially to the hens to obtain fertile eggs. The fertile eggs were collected, incubated in the incubator and hatched to chicks. Silencing of ACVR2B gene showed significantly higher body weight than other single, double and triple knock down of genes in transgenic birds. The carcass traits such as dressing%, leg muscle%, and breast muscle% were found with the highest magnitudes in birds with silencing of the ACVR2B gene as compared to the birds with that of other genes and control group. The lowest serum cholesterol and HDL content was found in ACVR2B silencing birds. The total RBC count was the highest in this group though the differential counts did not differ significantly among various silencing and control groups of birds. It is concluded that silencing of only one receptor of MSTN particularly, ACVR2B may augment the highest growth in chicken during juvenile stage. Our findings may be used as model for improving growth in other food animals and repairing muscular degenerative disorders in human and other animals.
Nerve sprouting capacity in a pharmacologically induced mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Rimer Mendell , Seaberg Bonnie L. , Yen Pei-Fen , Lam Steven , Hastings Robert Louis , Lee Young il , Thompson Wesley J. , Feng Zhihua , Metzger Friedrich , Paushkin Sergey , Ko Chien-Ping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the survival of motoneuron gene 1 (SMN1). SMA is characterized by motoneuron death, skeletal muscle denervation and atrophy. Disease severity inversely correlates with copy number of a second gene (SMN2), which harbors a splicing defect that causes the production of inadequate levels of functional SMN protein. Small molecules that modify SMN2 splicing towards increased production of functional SMN significantly ameliorate SMA phenotypes in mouse models of severe SMA. At suboptimal doses, splicing modifiers, such as SMN-C1, have served to generate mice that model milder SMA, referred to as pharmacological SMA mice, which survive into early adulthood. Nerve sprouting at endplates, known as terminal sprouting, is key to normal muscle fiber reinnervation following nerve injury and its promotion might mitigate neuromuscular symptoms in mild SMA. Sprouting has been difficult to study in severe SMA mice due to their short lifespan. Here, we show that pharmacological SMA mice are capable of terminal sprouting following reinnervation that is largely SMN-C1 dose-independent, but that they display a reinnervation delay that is critically SMN-C1 dose-dependent. Data also suggest that SMN-C1 can induce by itself a limited terminal sprouting response in SMA and wild-type normally-innervated endplates.
Identifying the origin of nitrous oxide dissolved in deep ocean by concentration and isotopocule analyses
Authors: Toyoda Sakae , Yoshida Osamu , Yamagishi Hiroaki , Fujii Ayako , Yoshida Naohiro , Watanabe Shuichi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) contributes to global warming and stratospheric ozone depletion. Although its major sources are regarded as bacterial or archaeal nitrification and denitrification in soil and water, the origins of ubiquitous marine N2O maximum at depths of 100–800 m and N2O dissolved in deeper seawater have not been identified. We examined N2O production processes in the middle and deep sea by analyzing vertical profiles of N2O concentration and isotopocule ratios, abundance ratios of molecules substituted with rare stable isotopes 15N or 18O to common molecules 14N14N16O, in the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Southern oceans. Isotopocule ratios suggest that the N2O concentration maxima is generated by in situ microbial processes rather than lateral advection or diffusion from biologically active sea areas such as the eastern tropical North Pacific. Major production process is nitrification by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in the North Pacific although other processes such as bacterial nitrification/denitrification and nitrifier-denitrification also significantly contribute in the equatorial Pacific, eastern South Pacific, Southern Ocean/southeastern Indian Ocean, and tropical South Atlantic. Concentrations of N2O below 2000 m show significant correlation with the water mass age, which supports an earlier report suggesting production of N2O during deep water circulation. Furthermore, the isotopocule ratios suggest that AOA produce N2O in deep waters. These facts indicate that AOA have a more important role in marine N2O production than bacteria and that change in global deep water circulation could affect concentration and isotopocule ratios of atmospheric N2O in a millennium time scale.
Past and Future Hurricane Intensity Change along the U.S. East Coast
Authors: Ting Mingfang , Kossin James P. , Camargo Suzana J. , Li Cuihua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe ocean and atmosphere in the North Atlantic are coupled through a feedback mechanism that excites a dipole pattern in vertical wind shear (VWS), a metric that strongly controls Atlantic hurricanes. In particular, when tropical VWS is under the weakening phase and thus favorable for increased hurricane activity in the Main Development Region (MDR), a protective barrier of high VWS inhibits hurricane intensification along the U.S. East Coast. Here we show that this pattern is driven mostly by natural decadal variability, but that greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing erodes the pattern and degrades the natural barrier along the U.S. coast. Twenty-first century climate model projections show that the increased VWS along the U.S. East Coast during decadal periods of enhanced hurricane activity is substantially reduced by GHG forcing, which allows hurricanes approaching the U.S. coast to intensify more rapidly. The erosion of this natural intensification barrier is especially large following the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (rcp8.5) emission scenario.
Honey bee predisposition of resistance to ubiquitous mite infestations
Authors: Broeckx Bart J. G. , De Smet Lina , Blacquière Tjeerd , Maebe Kevin , Khalenkow Mikalaï , Van Poucke Mario , Dahle Bjorn , Neumann Peter , Bach Nguyen Kim , Smagghe Guy , Deforce Dieter , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Peelman Luc , de Graaf Dirk C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHost-parasite co-evolution history is lacking when parasites switch to novel hosts. This was the case for Western honey bees (Apis mellifera) when the ectoparasitic mite,Varroa destructor, switched hosts from Eastern honey bees (Apis cerana). This mite has since become the most severe biological threat toA. melliferaworldwide. However, someA. melliferapopulations are known to survive infestations, largely by suppressing mite population growth. One known mechanism is suppressed mite reproduction (SMR), but the underlying genetics are poorly understood. Here, we take advantage of haploid drones, originating from one queen from the Netherlands that developedVarroa-resistance, whole exome sequencing and elastic-net regression to identify genetic variants associated with SMR in resistant honeybees. An eight variants model predicted 88% of the phenotypes correctly and identified six risk and two protective variants. Reproducing and non-reproducing mites could not be distinguished using DNA microsatellites, which is in agreement with the hypothesis that it is not the parasite but the host that adapted itself. Our results suggest that the brood pheromone-dependent mite oogenesis is disrupted in resistant hosts. The identified genetic markers have a considerable potential to contribute to a sustainable global apiculture.
Y-chromosomal connection between Hungarians and geographically distant populations of the Ural Mountain region and West Siberia
Authors: Post Helen , Németh Endre , Klima László , Flores Rodrigo , Fehér Tibor , Türk Attila , Székely Gábor , Sahakyan Hovhannes , Mondal Mayukh , Montinaro Francesco , Karmin Monika , Saag Lauri , Yunusbayev Bayazit , Khusnutdinova Elza K. , Metspalu Ene , Villems Richard , Tambets Kristiina , Rootsi Siiri 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHungarians who live in Central Europe today are one of the westernmost Uralic speakers. Despite of the proposed Volga-Ural/West Siberian roots of the Hungarian language, the present-day Hungarian gene pool is highly similar to that of the surrounding Indo-European speaking populations. However, a limited portion of specific Y-chromosomal lineages from haplogroup N, sometimes associated with the spread of Uralic languages, link modern Hungarians with populations living close to the Ural Mountain range on the border of Europe and Asia. Here we investigate the paternal genetic connection between these spatially separated populations. We reconstruct the phylogeny of N3a4-Z1936 clade by using 33 high-coverage Y-chromosomal sequences and estimate the coalescent times of its sub-clades. We genotype close to 5000 samples from 46 Eurasian populations to show the presence of N3a4-B539 lineages among Hungarians and in the populations from Ural Mountain region, including Ob-Ugric-speakers from West Siberia who are geographically distant but linguistically closest to Hungarians. This sub-clade splits from its sister-branch N3a4-B535, frequent today among Northeast European Uralic speakers, 4000–5000 ya, which is in the time-frame of the proposed divergence of Ugric languages.
Method for diagnosing neoplastic lesions by quantitative fluorescence value
Authors: Kosugi Ayaka , Kasahara Masataka , Yang Longqiang , Nakamura-Takahashi Aki , Shibahara Takahiko , Mori Taisuke 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFluorescence visualization devices (FVs) are useful for detecting malignant lesions because of their simple and noninvasive application. However, their quantitative application has been challenging. This study aimed to quantitatively and statistically evaluate the change in fluorescence intensity (FI) during the progression from normal epithelium to squamous cell carcinoma using a reproducible animal tongue carcinogenesis model. To establish this model, rats were treated with 50 ppm 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) in their drinking water for 10, 15, and 20 weeks. After 4NQO administration, each rat tongue was evaluated by gross observation, histology, and FI measurements. Fluorescence images were captured by FV, and ImageJ was used to measure FI, which was analyzed quantitatively and statistically. The establishment of a reproducible tumor progression model was confirmed, showing precancerous lesions (low-grade dysplasia [LGD]), early cancers (high-grade dysplasia/carcinoma in situ [HGD/CIS]), and advanced cancers (Cancer). This carcinogenesis model was quantitatively evaluated by FI. The FI of LGD stage was 54.6, which was highest intensity of all groups. Subsequently, the HGD/CIS and Cancer stages showed decreased FI (HGD/CIS: 46.1, Cancer: 49.1) and manifested as dark spots. This result indicates that FI had more variation and a wider range with increasing tumor progression. We demonstrated that FI migration and an uneven distribution are consistent with tumor progression. Since each step of tumor progression occurs reproducibly in this animal model, statistical evaluation was possible. In addition, tumor progression can be monitored by this new FI analysis method in humans.