bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jews in 6th and 7th century legal texts from Spain and Gaul: A few observations
Authors: Boddens Hosang F.J. Elizabeth 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFourth to sixth century legal texts from Spain aimed at discouraging Christians from too close contacts with Jews, suggesting that contacts between Christian and Jewish faithful remained close. However, in 6th to 8th century, Spain laws became virulently anti‐Jewish. The question is of course, why did the lawmakers at this time in Spain turn against Jews? And what was the situation like in other regions, for example, in neighboring Gaul? Previous research has not yet provided adequate answers to these questions, which this article will attempt to clarify.
Variability in seedling emergence for European and North American populations ofAbutilon theophrasti
Authors: Loddo D , Bozic D , Calha I M , Dorado J , Izquierdo J , Šćepanović M , Barić K , Carlesi S , Leskovsek R , Peterson D , Vasileiadis V P , Veres A , Vrbničanin S , Masin R 
Published: December 2018

SummaryAbutilon theophrastiis a weed that is spreading worldwide and that has had to adapt to different combinations of environmental conditions. Wide interpopulation variability has been reported regarding dormancy and germination. This variability, controlled by the interaction of genetic diversity and maternal effect, could hinder the adoption of Integrated Weed Management (IWM) tools. A collaborative project was conducted to compare emergence dynamics of 12 European and North American populations under diverse environmental conditions. The main aim was to assess interpopulation variability and explain this according to environmental conditions in the seed collection sites. Seeds were sown at six experimental sites, and seedling emergence was monitored. TheAlertInfmodel was tested to evaluate its ability to predict emergence dynamics of the different populations. A wide interpopulation variability was observed for emergence percentage and dynamics with consistent trends across sites and related to different seed dormancy levels. Populations from Catalonia, Iowa and Minnesota reached higher emergence percentage with earlier and concentrated emergence flushes probably due to low dormancy level, while populations from Croatia, Serbia and Hungary, given their low average emergence percentage, presented high dormancy levels. Good predictive accuracy ofAlertInfmodel was obtained at the different sites, confirming the possibility of adopting it across a wide range of environmental conditions. Achieving a better knowledge of interpopulation variability can allow specific control strategies to be designed, facilitating the replacement of solely herbicide‐based management with trueIWM.
Investigation of Interrater Reliability in The Evaluation of Foreign Language Writing Skills With Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Authors: Önen Emine , Yayvak Melike Kübra Taşdelen 
Published: December 2018

In this study, it was aimed to examine the interrater reliability of the scoring of paragraph writing skills on foreign languages with the measurement invariance tests. The study group consists of 267 students studying English at the Preparatory School at Gazi University. In the study, where students write a paragraph on the same topic, the paragraphs are rated separately by three different interrater using the same scoring key. The evidence for the validity measurements was collected with AFA and DFA while the evidence for the reliability measurements was collected by the Cronbach-alpha (α) coefficient. As a result of testing with Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis within the context of the measurement invariance of the interrater reliability, no evidence of full and partial scalar invariance can be obtained while evidence of formal configural and metric invariance is obtained. As a result, the lack of evidence of scalar invariance means that raters scoring the writing skills do not use the same initial level of performance. In this case, the invariant uniqueness and invariant factor variances could not be tested, and therefore no evidence of reliability between raters could be obtained.
Using competing risk and multistate model to estimate the impact of nosocomial infection on length of stay and mortality in burn patients in Southeast China
Authors: Guo Hai-Lei , Zhao Guang-Ju , Ling Xiang-Wei , Xu Jian-Jun , Lu Cai-Jiao , Liu Zheng-Jun 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveDue to the defects in skin barrier function and immune response, burn patients who survive the acute phase of a burn injury are at a high risk of nosocomial infection (NI). The aim of this study is to evaluate the impacts of NI on length of stay (LOS) and hospital mortality in burn patients using a multistate model.Design and settingA retrospective observational study was conducted in burn unit and intensive care unit in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.ParticipantsData were obtained from 1143 records of patients admitted with burn between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2016.MethodsRisk factors for NIs were determined by binary logistic regression. The extended Cox model with time-varying covariates was used to determine the impact of NIs on hospital mortality, and cumulative incidence functions were calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to detect the variables associated with LOS. Using a multistate model, the extra LOS due to NI were determined.Results15.8% of total burn patients suffered from NIs and incidence density of NIs was 9.6 per 1000 patient-days. NIs significantly increased the rate of death (HR 4.266, 95% CI 2.218 to 8.208, p=0.000). The cumulative probability of death for patients with NI was greater that for those without NI. The extra LOS due to NIs was 17.68 days (95% CI 11.31 to 24.05).ConclusionsUsing appropriate statistical methods, the present study further illustrated that NIs were associated with the increased cumulative incidence of burn death and increased LOS in burn patients.
Being there: protocol for a scoping review of the medical education literature on grief support training for medical professionals
Authors: Soklaridis Sophie , Ferguson Genevieve , Bonato Sarah , Saikaly Riley , Mosher Pamela J 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionMedical trainees and professionals do not perceive that they are adequately taught the skills to address issues of grief with their patients. Atypical grief responses can prolong suffering, interrupt normal activities and lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Grief training can help physicians cope with feelings about and responses to suffering, loss and death in a way that improves both physician and patient/family wellness. This scoping review will describe the current landscape of grief training worldwide in medical school and residency and in continuing professional development in the disciplines of paediatrics, family medicine and psychiatry. The ultimate goal is to help physicians support patients experiencing grief.Methods and analysisThe study design has been adapted from Arksey and O’Malley’s review methodology. We will work with an information specialist who will run searches in six multidisciplinary databases. To supplement the search, we will scan the reference lists of included studies. Two levels of screening will take place: a title and abstract review for articles that fit predefined criteria and a full-text review of articles that meet those criteria. To be included in the review, articles must report on grief training for medical residents and professionals in the fields of paediatrics, family medicine and psychiatry. Two investigators will review each article and extract data.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics approval is not required for this review. We plan to share the findings through national and international medical education conferences and to publish the results in a peer-reviewed academic journal. We have the support of several directors of medical education at our institution who are interested in the growing focus on humanism in medical education as a way of decreasing burnout among medical students, residents and faculty.
High-risk basal cell carcinoma excision in primary care: a retrospective observational study of compliance with NICE guidance
Authors: Cole Simon John , Howes Rachel , Meehan Chris , Cole Richard 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo assess compliance with 2010 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance on cancer services relating to the management of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) in the community, where except in specific circumstances it is recommended that only low-risk BCCs should be excised routinely.Design and settingA retrospective observational study of the histopathology reports of BCC excisions received from primary care in two district general hospitals in the South of England. One hundred consecutive BCC excisions were analysed from each hospital.Outcome measuresThe numbers of high-risk BCCs excised in primary care according to histological subtype, anatomical site and age and if these excisions were compliant with NICE 2010 guidance. Completeness of excision and mention of BCC on histology request were secondary outcomes.ResultsHistologically high-risk subtypes were present in 32% (64/200) of BCCs excised in the community. Only 17/64 were excised by general practitioners (GPs) who were accredited to do so. Non-compliance regarding anatomical site occurred in 16% of samples; only one was non-compliant regarding patient age. There was a high overall rate of complete excision (94.5%) with variation in presence of the term BCC on histology request forms.ConclusionsNICE 2010 guidance relating to BCC excision in primary care was not followed in a considerable number of cases. Compliance with NICE 2010 guidance depends on the ability to recognise high-risk BCCs clinically and manage appropriately. It also shows that despite close supervision by secondary care, there are still failures of compliance.GP training in identification of subtypes of BCC might be improved, as well as an increase in numbers of GPs accredited to carry out high-risk BCC excisions. Difficulty in diagnosing high-risk histological subtypes of BCC preoperatively should be considered in any future revision of NICE guidance.
A systematic review examining the impact of redirecting low-acuity patients seeking emergency department care: is the juice worth the squeeze?
Authors: Kirkland Scott William , Soleimani Amir , Rowe Brian H , Newton Amanda S 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesDiverting patients away from the emergency department (ED) has been proposed as a solution for mitigating overcrowding. This systematic review examined the impact of interventions designed to either bypass the ED or direct patients to other alternative care after ED presentation.MethodsSeven electronic databases and the grey literature were searched. Eligible studies included randomised/controlled trials or cohort studies that assessed the effectiveness of pre-hospital or ED-based diversion interventions. Two reviewers independently screened the studies for relevance, inclusion and risk of bias. Pooled statistics were calculated as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random effects model.ResultsFifteen studies were included evaluating pre-hospital (n=11) or ED-based (n=4) diversion interventions. The quality of the studies ranged from moderate to low. Patients deemed suitable for diversion among the pre-hospital studies (n=3) ranged from 19.2% to 90.4% and from 19% to 36% in ED-based studies (n=4). Of the eligible patients, the proportion of patients diverted via ED-based diversion tended to be higher (median 85%; IQR 76–93%) compared with pre-hospital diversion (median 40%; IQR 24–57%). Overall, pre-hospital diversion did not decrease the proportion of patients transferred to the ED compared with standard care (RR 0.92; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.06). There was no significant decrease in subsequent ED utilisation among patients diverted via pre-hospital diversion compared with non-diverted patients (RR 1.09; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.21). Of the three pre-hospital studies completing a cost analysis, none found a significant difference in total healthcare costs between diverted and non-diverted patients.ConclusionThere was no conclusive evidence regarding the impact of diversion strategies on ED utilisation and subsequent healthcare utilisation. The overall quality of the research limited the ability of this review to draw definitive conclusions and more research is required prior to widespread implementation.
Aortic disease and interventions in adults with tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Egbe Alexander C , Miranda William R , Ammash Naser M , Anavekar Nandan S , Missula Venkata R , Kothapalli Srikanth , Khan Arooj R , Said Sameh M , Connolly Heidi M 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundAortic dilation and aortic valve disease are known long-term complication of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), but the risk of aortic dissection and the indications for prophylactic aortic surgery are unknown in this population. The purpose of this study was to: (1) determine the prevalence of significant aortic valve disease and/or significant aortic aneurysm (AVD-AA); (2) determine the incidence of progressive aortic dilation and aortic dissection in patients with TOF.MethodsRetrospective review of adults with repaired TOF, and no prior aortic valve/aorta surgery, who had ≥2 measurements of the thoracic aorta >12 months apart, 1990–2017. The aortic root and mid-ascending aorta were measured at the onset of QRS complex from leading edge to leading edge. Significant aortic valve disease was defined as the presence of ≥moderate aortic stenosis and/or ≥moderate aortic regurgitation. Significant aortic aneurysm was defined as aortic root or mid-ascending aorta dimension ≥50 mm. Progressive aortic dilation was defined as increase in aortic dimension ≥2 mm.ResultsOf the 453 consecutive patients (37±13 years, men 216 (49%)) in the study, aortic aneurysm was present in 312 (69%) based on normative data; progressive aortic dilation occurred in 40 (9%), and there was no case of aortic dissection. Significant AVD-AA occurred in 52 (12%) patients; and 15 of them (29%) underwent aortic surgery without any surgical mortality.ConclusionsAlthough aortic aneurysm was common, progressive aortic dilation was uncommon and aortic dissection did not occur in our patients with TOF with significant aortic aneurysms who did not undergo aortic surgery. This has important clinical implication in deciding the frequency of imaging follow-up and timing of surgical intervention in this population.
JAK2-tree: a simple CBC-based decision rule to guide appropriate JAK2 V617F mutation testing
Authors: Mahe Etienne , Pedersen Kasper Mønsted , Çolak Yunus , Bojesen Stig Egil , Lynch Tarah , Sinclair Gary , Khan Faisal , Shabani-Rad Meer-Taher 
Published: December 2018

AimsThe JAK2 V617F mutation is highly recurrent in many of the myeloproliferative neoplasms, a molecular variant that can be easily detected using sensitive and minimally invasive techniques. Given the ease of JAK2 V617F testing, this test may be improperly requested for the purposes of patient ‘screening’ and to optimise laboratory resource utilisation, it behooves clinicians and laboratorians to perform JAK2 V617F testing only when most appropriate.MethodsTo assist with the screening of patients being considered for JAK2 V617F testing, we developed a clinical decision rule, “JAK2-tree”, which can be easily applied to basic CBC parameters (haemoglobin, platelet and white blood cell counts).ResultsWe tested JAK2-tree on two independent datasets, one an unselected population-based sample (the Copenhagen General Population Study) and the other an historical clinical laboratory referral set, with sensitivities for JAK2 V617F detection of 91% and 94%, respectively. As applied to the historical laboratory referral dataset, moreover, the JAK2-tree algorithm would have reduced JAK2 V617F testing volume over the period of evaluation by 15%.ConclusionsOur work supports a simple decision-tree-based screening approach to optimize the selection of patients most appropriate for JAK2 V617F testing.
Confidence of treatment decision and perceived risk of procedure-related neurological complications in the management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Ernst Marielle , Kriston Levente , Hanning Uta , Frölich Andreas M , Fiehler Jens , Buhk Jan Hendrik 
Published: December 2018

Background and purposeTo evaluate factors influencing the confidence of management recommendation for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) and to assess the ability of neurointerventionalists to predict procedure-related neurological complications compared with a 3-point risk score.Materials and methodsTwenty-eight neurointerventionalists were asked to evaluate digital subtraction angiographies examinations of patients with UIAs by determining the best management approach, their level of confidence in their management recommendation, and estimating the risk of procedure-related neurological complications. Knowledge and experience in interventional neuroradiology (INR) of each participant were assessed.ResultsReliability was moderate regarding any treatment recommendation (ICC=0.49) and low regarding the estimation of risk of complications (ICC=0.38). The recommendation of clipping was less likely with more experience in INR (OR=0.6) and more likely with increasing knowledge (OR=1.7). Odds of recommending WEB device were lower with more experience in INR (OR=0.6), higher in patients with multiple aneurysms (OR=3.6) and increasing neck width (OR=2.7). The recommendation of stent-assisted coiling was more likely with increasing neck width (OR=2.4) and when cerebral ischemic comorbidities were present (OR=2.9). The participants were significantly worse than the risk score (mean area under the curve of 0.53) and not better than random guess in predicting complications. Neither knowledge nor experience in INR was significantly associated with the participants’ ability to predict neurological complications.ConclusionsOur study shows a moderate interrater reliability of treatment recommendations of UIAs. Confidence in treatment recommendation varied significantly according to recommended treatments. Overall performance in predicting neurological complications was worse than the risk score and not better than random guess.
Assessment of distal access catheter performance during neuroendovascular procedures: measuring force in three-dimensional patient specific phantoms
Authors: Mokin Maxim , Waqas Muhammad , Setlur Nagesh Swetadri Vasan , Karkhanis Nitant Vivek , Levy Elad I , Ionita Ciprian N , Siddiqui Adnan H 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe amount of force applied on a device is an important measure to evaluate the endovascular and surgical device manipulations. The measure has not been evaluated for neuroenodvascular procedures.PurposeWe aimed to study the use of force measure as a novel approach to test distal access catheter (DAC) performance during catheterization of cervical and intracranial vessels using patient specific 3-dimentional (3D) phantoms.MethodsUsing patient specific 3D phantoms of the cervical and intracranial circulation, we recorded measure of force required to deliver three types of DACs beyond the ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery. Six different combinations of DAC–microcatheter–guidewire were tested. We intentionally included what we considered suboptimal combinations of DACs, microcatheters, and guidewires during our experiments to test the feasibility of measuring force under different conditions. A six axis force sensor was secured to the DAC with an adjustable torque used to track axially directed push and pull forces required to navigate the DAC to the target site.ResultsIn a total of 55 experiments, we found a significant difference in the amount of force used between different DACs (mean force for DAC A, 1.887±0.531N; for DAC B, 2.153±1.280 N; and for DAC C, 1.194±0.521 N, P=0.007). There was also a significant difference in force measures among the six different catheter systems (P=0.035).ConclusionsSignificant difference in the amount of force used between different DACs and catheter systems were recorded. Use of force measure in neuroendovascular procedures on 3D printed phantoms is feasible.
Synthesis of Sm–Co nanoparticles by sol–gel method
Authors: Wu Wei , Zhang Jinshan , Cao Pengjun , Dong Jiling , Ding Hao 
Published: December 2018

Sm–Co nanoparticles have promising applications in both scientific and industrial fields. In this paper, Sm–Co single-crystal nanoparticles were prepared using respective metal salts and complexing agents, such as citric acid by Pechini-type sol–gel method. The mixture solution was heated to form a highly viscous gel, and then heated at different temperatures to achieve SmCo-oxide. And then Sm–Co particles were yielded by reductive annealing of the precursors. Phase analysis, microstructural investigation and magnetic properties were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and VSM. TGA trace analysis of the gel determined the heat treatment temperature. XRD results showed that SmCoO3 and Co3O4 were obtained at 800[Formula: see text]C, FT-IR spectrometry analysis also verified the results. In the calcium-thermal reduction process, Sm2O3 and Co were obtained after reductive annealing at 800[Formula: see text]C, meanwhile Sm–Co nanoparticles were formed at 850[Formula: see text]C. FESEM analysis revealed that the Sm–Co nanoparticles were composed in the form of spherical granules and exhibited well distribution with size in the range of 100 nm. The room temperature saturation magnetization and coercivity of the Sm–Co nanoparticles were 49.61 emu/g and 3.53 kOe, respectively.
Infinite families of prime knots with alt(K) = 1 and their Alexander polynomials
Authors: Guevara Hernández María de los Angeles , Cabrera Ibarra Hugo 
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we construct, by using the Alexander polynomial, infinite families of nonalternating prime knots, which have alternation number equal to one. More specifically these knots after one crossing change yield a 2-bridge knot or the trivial knot. In particular, we display two infinite families of nonalternating knots and their Alexander polynomials. Moreover, we give formulae to obtain the Conway and Alexander polynomials of oriented 3-tangles and the links formed from their closure with a specific orientation. In particular, we propose a construction to form families of links for which their Alexander polynomials can be obtained by nonrecursive formulae.