bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Fireside Chat with Raj Gupta: What It Takes to Create Long‐Term Value
Authors: Gupta Raj 
Published: July 2019

The chairman of two public companies (and former chair and CEO of Rohm and Haas) draws on his experience as a director of five private and 15 public companies in discussing the challenges and opportunities facing today's corporate boards.Perhaps the most formidable challenge is the pace of technological change, which is making business models ‘in all industries and countries’ obsolete and forcing companies to adapt much more quickly than in the past. Along with the risk of obsolescence is the increase in ‘reputational risk’ associated with an ‘information age’ in which companies are forced to monitor the nearly continuous flow of fact, hearsay, and outright fabrication.The author recommends that public company boards adopt a new ‘partnership’ model. Besides ensuring an ‘ethical tone at the top,’ corporate directors should aim to become partners with the senior management team by playing more active roles in strategic planning, risk management, and the design of performance evaluation and incentive pay systems. In the most striking departure from current practice, the author urges directors to seize the opportunity created by the ‘reconcentration’ of ownership of U.S. public companies by actively engaging large institutional investors in a strategic dialogue about the companies' strengths and vulnerabilities. In so doing, proactive directors can help their management teams preempt shareholder activists and create long‐run value by creating a more effective two‐way channel of communication, one with the potential to give management more confidence when undertaking large strategic investments with longer‐run payoffs.
Private Equity 4.0: Using ESG to Create More Value with Less Risk
Authors: Indahl Reynir , Jacobsen Hannah Gunvor 
Published: July 2019

A growing number of private equity firms have responded to the increased focus on climate change, social issues, and technology disruption by broadening their corporate mission to encompass all important stakeholders, as well as their limited partners. And in the process, the management of ESG risks and pursuit of ESG opportunities have become increasingly fundamental to the staying power and value creation potential of PE firms by reducing the risk of their investments, discovering new sources of growth, and increasing their resilience to changes in the political and regulatory environment.This article tells the story of how the Nordic PE firm, Summa Equity, has turned its ESG approach into a core competence and a source of competitive advantage that has enabled the firm to distinguish itself from its competitors and bring about significant improvements in the financial performance of its portfolio companies while providing benefits for their stakeholders. Using the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals to guide them, the firm invests in companies they perceive to be addressing major environmental or social challenges in an innovative and commercially successful way. This has led to investments in significant growth opportunities in areas such as health care, education, waste management, and acqua‐culture. And the firm's returns to its investors have been high enough—and the perceived social benefits large enough—that the firm recently closed its second fund (which was significantly oversubscribed) for 650 million euros, and received the ESG award at the 2019 Private Equity Awards in London.
ESG as a Value‐Creation Tool for Active Investors: A Profile of Inherent Group
Authors: Davis Tony , Lescott Beau 
Published: July 2019

A growing number of investment managers claim to integrate environmental, social, and governance considerations into their investment strategy and processes, but few have described how they do so in depth. Even fewer reinforce the importance of sustainability within their own firms by becoming a certified ‘B Corporation.’ This article offers a rare, inside look at how one such value‐oriented manager uses ESG as a tool for differentiated investment sourcing, underwriting, and corporate engagement with the aim of achieving superior risk‐adjusted returns.One of the main arguments of the article—and a key principle of the firm's investment approach—is that ESG, as applied to both corporate strategy and operations, is an important factor in determining a company's cost of capital. The authors present specific examples of their investment process at work, highlighting how active engagement with management on ESG issues can catalyze progress that becomes valued by the capital markets.
Innovation in Stock Exchanges: Driving ESG Disclosure and Performance
Authors: Bizoumi Tania , Lazaridis Socrates , Stamou Natassa 
Published: July 2019

Stock exchanges are in a unique position to promote ESG transparency and leverage their institutional capacity to build more sustainable capital markets. To facilitate the quick uptake of material ESG disclosure and raise the quality and comparability of the data, the Athens Stock Exchange has created ESG guidelines for listed companies that will be published in the summer of 2019.One important feature of the guidelines is their degree of sectoral specificity and emphasis on materiality. The guidelines and supporting metrics they propose are based on reporting practices endorsed by international sustainability standards like the SASB's industry standards. This materiality‐oriented approach will help issuers focus on the sustainability value drivers inherent in their business, and so ensure that corporate ESG disclosures satisfy the demand of investors for comparable quantitative and accounting metrics that help companies communicate their commitment to long‐term value creation.
Hypertension knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nurses and physicians in primary care in Ulaanbaatar Mongolia
Authors: Myanganbayar Maral , Baatarsuren Uurtsaikh , Chen Guanmin , Campbell Norm R. C. , Bosurgi Roberta , So Geoffrey , Unurjargal Tsolmon , Dashtseren Myagmartseren , Tserengombo Namkhaidorj , Batsukh Batbold , Bungert Andreas , Dashdorj Naranbaatar , Dashdorj Naranjargal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIncreased blood pressure is a leading risk for death globally, and interventions to enhance hypertension control have become a high priority. An important aspect of clinical interventions is understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of differing primary healthcare practitioners. We examined KAP surveys from 803 primary care practitioners in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (response rate 80%), using a comprehensive KAP survey developed by the World Hypertension League (WHL). The WHL KAP survey uniquely includes an assessment of key World Health Organization recommended interventions to enhance hypertension control. There were few substantive differences between healthcare professional disciplines. Primary care practitioners mostly had a positive attitude toward hypertension management. However, confidence and practice in performing specific tasks to control hypertension were suboptimal. A low proportion indicated they systematically screened adults for hypertension and many were not aware of the need to or were confident in prescribing more than two antihypertensive medications. It was the practice of a high proportion of doctors to not pharmacologically treat most people with hypertension who were at high cardiovascular risk. There was a reluctance by physicians to task share hypertension diagnosis, drug prescribing and assessing cardiovascular risk to nurses. The minority of health care professions use a hypertension management algorithm, and few have patient registries with performance reporting functions. There were few substantive differences based on the age, gender, and years of clinical practice of the practitioners. The study findings support the need for standardized education and training of primary care practitioners in Ulaanbaatar to enhance hypertension control.
Clinical outcomes and economic impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines on hypertension in China
Authors: Wang Zengwu , Hao Guang , Wang Xin , Chen Zuo , Zhang Linfeng , Zhang Zugui , Hu Hao , Weintraub William S. , Gao Runlin ,   for the China hypertension survey investigators
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe 2017 guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of high blood pressure in adults were published by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association. The impact on clinical outcomes and costs needs to be estimated prior to adopting these guidelines in China. Data from a nationally representative sample in China were analyzed. The prevalence and treatment were calculated based on the criteria of the 2017 guidelines and 2018 Chinese guidelines among participants aged ≥35 years old. Direct medical costs, as well as the averted disability adjusted of life years and cost saving from cardiovascular disease events prevented by controlling hypertension, were also estimated. The prevalence and treatment rate of hypertension were 32.0% and 43.4% according to the 2018 Chinese guidelines. Based on the 2017 guidelines, another 24.5% of the adult population (estimated 168.1 million) would be classified as having hypertension; of whom, about 32.1 million would need to be pharmaceutically treated to reach the current treatment rate of 43.4%. As a result, an estimated additional 42.7 billion US dollars of the direct medical cost would be required for lifetime therapy. By preventing cardiovascular events, the new guidelines would reduce lifetime costs by 3.77 billion US dollars, while preventing 1.41 million disability adjusted of life years lost. Application of the 2017 guidelines in China will substantially increase the prevalence of hypertension and produce a large increase in therapy costs, although it would prevent cardiovascular disease events and save disability adjusted of life years.
Clinical and genetic characteristics of people with type 1 diabetes who have discrepancies in titers of anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody measured by radioimmunoassay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Takagi Satoshi , Miura Junnosuke , Hoshina Sari , Uchigata Yasuko , Babazono Tetsuya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe aim of the present study was to compare the clinical and genetic characteristics between people with type 1 diabetes who were positive and negative for autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with low‐titer GADA measured by radioimmunoassay.Materials and MethodsAmong Japanese people with type 1 diabetes in whom GADA were measured by both ELISA and radioimmunoassay, those who had low titers of GADA measured by radioimmunoassay (1.5–10 U/mL), regardless of positivity for GADA measured by ELISA, were studied. There were 65 participants with acute‐onset type 1 diabetes and 30 participants with slowly progressive insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. Clinical characteristics and human leukocyte antigen types were compared in ELISA‐positive (≥5 U/mL) and ELISA‐negative participants. Endogenous insulin secretion was evaluated by C‐peptide index.ResultsAmong participants with slowly progressive insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus, postprandial C‐peptide index was significantly higher in ELISA‐negative participants than in ELISA‐positive participants (r = 0.619, P = 0.002). Among 52 participants whose human leukocyte antigen typing was carried out, all of the participants with slowly progressive insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus who had DRB1*09:01 were positive by GADA‐ELISA (P = 0.021). In acute‐onset type 1 diabetes participants, there were no significant differences for the C‐peptide index and human leukocyte antigen genotypes.ConclusionsThe difference in the positivity for GADA‐ELISA might reflect cytotoxicity toward pancreatic β‐cells and preservation of endogenous insulin secretion in people with slowly progressive insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. We also suggest that the difference in the GADA‐ELISA‐specific epitope depends on the human leukocyte antigen genotype.
Effects of the short sale circuit breaker on the stock market
Authors: Switzer Lorne N. , Yue Heng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe provide new evidence on the effects of the recently introduced short sale circuit breaker, Rule 201, which triggers when the price of a stock drops more than 10 percent in a single day. The regulatory presumption is that the trigger should damper intraday price declines for affected stocks. However, our evidence suggests that this is not the case. The circuit breaker fails to reduce intraday volatility and intraday price declines, especially for the most volatile stocks in the market. Market quality measures based on liquidity and pricing efficiency are largely unaffected. Higher dispersion of investor opinion increases overpricing when the circuit breaker is in force. Price stabilization after stocks trigger the circuit breaker is shown for stocks that experience substantial price declines. Finally, post‐shock drift reduction is consistent with improved informational efficiency.
Panax notoginseng saponins promotes cutaneous wound healing and suppresses scar formation in mice
Authors: Men Si‐ye , Huo Qiao‐ling , Shi Lei , Yan Yan , Yang Cheng‐cheng , Yu Wen , Liu Bao‐qing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground & AimPanax notoginseng saponins are believed to promote wound healing due to its anti‐proliferative effect on fibroblasts. The present work was therefore aimed to examine the beneficial effect of PNS on wound healing in vitro and in a murine model of cutaneous wound.MethodsThe in vitro effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on the proliferation of and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in human fibroblast 3T3 cells were studied. The in vivo effects of Panax notoginseng saponins were examined in C57 mice with dorsal cutaneous wound. The healing rate and scar formation were followed after treatment with Panax notoginseng saponins. The histology and fibroblast accumulation in the wounds were studied using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) was examined by immunohistochemistry.ResultsPanax notoginseng saponins inhibited the proliferation of human fibroblast 3T3 with an EC50 of 1.825 mM Panax notoginseng saponins (0.1 mM) significantly promoted NO production (P < 0.01) and NO synthase activity (P < 0.01) of 3T3. In C57 mice with dorsal cutaneous wounds, 0.1 mM Panax notoginseng saponins significant expedited wound healing by reducing the size of lesions and suppressing the formation of scar. H&E staining revealed that treatment with Panax notoginseng saponins suppressed fibroblast accumulation in wound areas, while immunohistochemistry showed a significant reduction in α‐SMA expression by 0.1 mM Panax notoginseng saponins.ConclusionPanax notoginseng saponins are a promising drug candidate that can accelerate wound healing and reduce scar formation.
Digital Food and Beverage Marketing Environments in a National Sample of Middle Schools: Implications for Policy and Practice
Authors: Polacsek Michele , Boninger Faith , Molnar Alex , O'Brien Liam M. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDOne promising approach to influence nutrition behavior is to limit food and beverage marketing to children. Children are a lucrative market and schools may be an effective setting in which to intervene. Studies have shown that marketing in schools is prevalent but little is known about digital marketing (DM) to students in the school setting.METHODSWe used an online survey to assess DM environments in a national sample of middle schools.RESULTSOur findings demonstrate that students are exposed to marketing through school devices. Gaps in school district, school and classroom policy and practice lead to student exposure to food and beverage marketing.CONCLUSIONSOur data point to actionable policy and practice change at the school district, individual school, and classroom levels that could help limit unwanted and harmful food and beverage marketing to youth.
Physical Activity in Young Schoolchildren in After School Programs
Authors: Riiser Kirsti , Haugen Anders L. H. , Lund Siv , Løndal Knut 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAfter‐school programs (ASP) provide opportunities to influence children's physical activity (PA). However, little is known about the PA levels of the youngest schoolchildren. The aim of the study was to describe the level of PA intensity and sedentary time among first graders attending ASP in Norway, and to investigate factors that are associated with PA in the ASP.METHODSFirst graders from 14 ASPs were invited to participate in the study and 426 children were included. The children wore an accelerometer for five consecutive days during their stay in the ASP. Light, moderate, and vigorous PA and sedentary time were registered and analyzed.RESULTSOn average, the children accumulated 25.8 minutes of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during their ASP‐stay. However, there was considerable variation within the sample. Sex, as well as body mass, were associated with MVPA. The activity level increased substantially when the children had to be outside.CONCLUSIONSThe findings show that on average, the children were quite physically active in the ASP. However, it seems critical to devote increased attention to the least active children and to include extensive outdoor play‐time in the ASP schedule.
Dietary apple polyphenols supplementation enhances antioxidant capacity and improves lipid metabolism in weaned piglets
Authors: Xu Xiaojiao , Chen Xiaoling , Huang Zhiqing , Chen Daiwen , Yu Bing , Chen Hong , He Jun , Luo Yuheng , Zheng Ping , Yu Jie , Luo Junqiu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractApple polyphenols (APPs) are biologically active flavonoids that have antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, improving insulin sensitivity, hypocholesterolaemic effect and antiviral properties. This study was conducted to explore effects of dietary APPs supplementation on antioxidant activities and lipid metabolism in weaned piglets. Fifty‐four weaned piglets (half male and female) were randomly divided into three groups with six replicates in each group and three piglets in each repetition. Piglets were fed control diet (basal diet) or a control diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg or 800 mg/kg APPs for 6 weeks. Blood and liver samples were collected to determine biochemical, antioxidant and lipid metabolism parameters. Here we showed that dietary APPs supplementation increased HDL‐C and decreased T‐CHO, TG and LDL‐C concentrations. Dietary APPs supplementation increased antioxidative capacity in serum and CAT activity in liver, and significantly increased the mRNA expressions of CAT, GST and SOD1 in liver. ACC mRNA level and LPL activity were tended to decrease by APPs. HMG‐CoAR, CTP7A1, CD36 and FATP1 mRNA levels were decreased by APPs, while LDL‐R, PGC‐1α, Sirt1 and CPT1b mRNA levels were increased by 400 mg/kg APPs. No alterations in growth performance were found in all treatments. This study firstly provided the evidence that dietary APPs supplementation could enhance systemic antioxidant capacity and improve lipid metabolism in weaned piglets. The mechanism by which APPs improve lipid metabolism might be through regulating hepatic cholesterol metabolism and increasing fatty acid oxidation, and decreasing fatty acid uptake and de novo synthesis.
Using Variationism and Learner Corpus Research to Investigate Grammatical Gender Marking in Additional Language Spanish
Authors: Gudmestad Aarnes , Edmonds Amanda , Metzger Thomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe current study responds to the call for increased dialogue among different areas of additional language research. Specifically, we bring together learner corpus research and variationist approaches to second language acquisition to advance learner corpus research in two ways: (a) by modeling interlanguage development and variability and (b) by conducting an analysis that moves away from descriptive error analysis. To accomplish this goal, we analyzed grammatical gender marking in additional language Spanish. The data come from LANGSNAP, a longitudinal learner corpus. Through the use of a generalized linear mixed‐effects model (a multivariate, quantitative analysis), we revealed new information about the development and variable use of gender marking in additional language Spanish. Through our analyses, we hope to contribute to greater interactions among researchers working in different strands of additional language research.
Breastfeeding duration in infancy and adult risks of type 2 diabetes in a high‐income country
Authors: Bjerregaard Lise G. , Pedersen Dorthe C. , Mortensen Erik L. , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Baker Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObserved associations between breastfeeding and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood may be confounded. We examined if the duration of breastfeeding in infancy was associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood after adjustment for a range of prenatal and postnatal risk factors. We prospectively followed 6,044 individuals from the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort born 1959–1961. Duration of any breastfeeding (≤0.5, >0.5–1, >1–2, >2–4, >4 months) was assessed at the infant's 1‐year health examination. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for type 2 diabetes (at age ≥30 years, 237 persons) by breastfeeding duration without and with adjustment for parental social status and education, maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI), maternal diabetes and smoking during pregnancy, gestational weight gain, parity, preterm birth, birth weight, sex, and BMI at ages 7 and 41–43 years. In the unadjusted analysis, compared with infants breastfed for ≤0.5 month, those breastfed for >4 months had a 51% reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (HR = 0.49; 95% CI [0.32, 0.75]). After the stepwise adjustment for putative early life confounders, this was attenuated to a nonsignificant 31% reduced risk (HR = 0.69; 95% CI [0.44, 1.07]). Adjustment for childhood and adulthood BMI minimally changed the results. We found that the inverse association between the duration of breastfeeding and risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood is considerably weakened and no longer significant after adjustment for prenatal and postnatal factors in the infant and mother.
SigR, a hub of multilayered regulation of redox and antibiotic stress responses
Authors: Park Joo‐Hong , Lee Ju‐Hyung , Roe Jung‐Hye 
Published: July 2019

SummarySignal‐specific activation of alternative sigma factors redirects RNA polymerase to induce transcription of distinct sets of genes conferring protection against the damage the signal and the related stresses incur. In Streptomyces coelicolor, σR (SigR), a member of ECF12 subfamily of Group IV sigma factors, responds to thiol‐perturbing signals such as oxidants and electrophiles, as well as to translation‐blocking antibiotics. Oxidants and electrophiles interact with and inactivate the zinc‐containing anti‐sigma factor, RsrA, via disulfide bond formation or alkylation of reactive cysteines, subsequently releasing σR for target gene induction. Translation‐blocking antibiotics induce the synthesis of σR, via the WhiB‐like transcription factor, WblC/WhiB7. Signal transduction via RsrA produces a dramatic transient response that involves positive feedback to produce more SigR as an unstable isoform and negative feedbacks to degrade , and reduce oxidized RsrA that subsequently sequester σR and . Antibiotic stress brings about a prolonged response by increasing stable σR levels. The third negative feedback, which occurs via IF3, lowers the translation efficiency of the sigRp1 transcript that utilizes a non‐canonical start codon. σR is a global regulator that directly activates > 100 transcription units in S. coelicolor, including genes for thiol homeostasis, protein quality control, sulfur metabolism, ribosome modulation and DNA repair. Close homologues in Actinobacteria, such as σH in Mycobacteria and Corynebacteria, show high conservation of the signal transduction pathways and target genes, thus reflecting the robustness of this type of regulation in response to redox and antibiotic stresses.