bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing rainfall pattern, groundwater level, and peat hydraulic conductivity for effective peat prevention measure
Authors: Putra Erianto I. , Hafni Dinda A.F. , Harahap Amirah A.N. , Cochrane Mark A. , Saharjo Bambang H. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Severe drought and less precipitation during a prolonged dry season and El-Nino events has been observed as a main trigger of the decrease of groundwater level leads to the dryness of the degraded peat and exacerbates burning conditions. To get a better understanding of this issue, we studied fire conditions in a portion of the ex-Mega Rice Project (MRP) area, Central Kalimantan. Here, we examine fire season and hydrology factors affecting peat fires by using Terra/Aqua MODIS hotspots dataset and groundwater level data from 300 dipwells and 15 staff gauges established in the MRP area. We use the Interpolation Data Weighting (IDW) to explain the fire risk in the area based on its hydraulic conductivity. Our results clearly show that even the moderate to high rainfall intensity is not enough to rewet the dry-degraded peat and thus to leave them in dry condition. Here, we highlight the importance of considering the rainfall pattern of previous successive dry and rainy season for fire risk assessment. Most of the fires occurred in the area between 1.1×10−6 and 2.1×10−6 cm/s hydraulic conductivity and below -10 cm groundwater level, sharply pointing out the importance to keep degraded peat in wet condition for fire prevention.
Potential Region for development of seaweed genus Eucheuma cottonii based on ENSO variability in east coast of Tarakan Island, Indonesia
Authors: Lestari D A , Susiloningtyas D , Handayani T 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Eucehuma cottonii is one of seaweed type that has high economic and important ecosystem for people living at coastal areas such as at the east coast of Tarakan island. This research aimed to analyse potential region of Eucheuma cottonii against ENSO variability. The suitability level required form calculation of sea surface temperature, total suspended solids, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the east coast of Tarakan island. Remote sensing of Landsat 8 OLI has been applied to study environmental changes of those variables. The results showed the spatial and temporal condition of the Amal Coast conditions strongly influenced by the ENSO variability and it became barrier factor on the suitability of Eucheuma cottoni cultivation. In the In the El Nino period, the coast of northern and centre of east coast Tarakan Island shows the most potential areas for seaweed cultivation while in the period of La Nina the most potential area is along the coast and dominated in all parts of east coast Tarakan Island. Overall, in the La Nina period the potential area for seaweed cultivation was wider than El Nino.
Tidal Correlation using Altimetry Satellite
Authors: Safi’i Ayu N , Rudiastuti Aninda W. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Tides data is strongly needed especially on Indonesian Coastal Environment mapping to achieve its accuracy. Usually, tides data derived from direct or indirect measurement. From palm observation, the tides data collected directly. Indirect measurement takes the advantages of altimetry satellite, where tides data collection carried in a shorter time and large area. In the supremacy of using altimetry satellite, we could obtain tides information not only in coastal but also in open waters. Study of altimetry data is required to prove whether tides components resulted represent real tides condition in coastal or vice versa. Finding out the linkage between tidal components resulted from Jason-1 altimetry satellite became the aim of this paper. Cross-over analysis method ran to examine the linkage between each tidal constituent. The tidal correlation value determined the accuracy of amplitude result from altimetry satellite. Gaussian Distribution played a role in determining the status of cross-over point data. The amplitude will point whether the cross-over point will continue to involve in tidal amplitude gridding process. The higher value of cross-over amplitude related to influence subsists between tides components in which the emerging values do not represent each tidal constituent itself.
Nasal Cavity of Green Sea Turtles Contains 3 Independent Sensory Epithelia
Authors: Kondoh Daisuke , Kitayama Chiyo , Yamaguchi Yohei , Yanagawa Masashi , Kawai Yusuke K , Suzuki Chihiro , Itakura Raito , Fujimoto Atsuru , Satow Tadatoshi , Kondo Satomi , Sato Takayuki 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The morphological and histological features of the nasal cavity are diverse among animal species, and the nasal cavities of terrestrial and semiaquatic turtles possess 2 regions lined with each different type of sensory epithelium. Sea turtles can inhale both of volatile and water-soluble odorants with high sensitivity, but details of the architectural features and the distribution of the sensory epithelia within the sea turtle nasal cavity remain uncertain. The present study analyzed the nasal cavity of green sea turtles using morphological, computed tomographic, and histological methods. We found that the middle region of the sea turtle nasal cavity is divided into anterodorsal, anteroventral, and posterodorsal diverticula and a posteroventral excavation by connective tissue containing cartilages. The posterodorsal diverticulum was lined with a thin sensory epithelium, and the anterodorsal and anteroventral diverticula were occupied by a single thick sensory epithelium. In addition, a relatively small area on the posteroventral excavation was covered by independent sensory epithelium that differed from other 2 types of epithelia, and a single thin bundle derived from the posteroventral excavation comprised the most medial nerve that joins the anterior end of the olfactory nerve tract. These findings suggested that the posteroventral excavation identified herein transfers stimuli through an independent circuit and plays different roles when odorants arise from other nasal regions.
A Structured Framework for Adaptive Management: Bridging Theory and Practice in the Olympic Experimental State Forest
Authors: Minkova Teodora V , Arnold Jennifer S 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Adaptive management is a systematic approach to learning from outcomes to improve management. Although its virtues are commonly praised, it has been implemented infrequently in natural resource management because of the challenges of developing a feasible process that can be sustained over time. Our analysis of regional experiences from private, state, and federal lands in the Pacific Northwest (United States and Canada) finds that the questions addressed by private organizations tend to be more specific, associated with a narrower scope of uncertainties, and addressed in a shorter time frame with limited stakeholder involvement. On publicly managed lands, questions tend to be more complex and open-ended, usually driven by their mandate for multiple use and high level of stakeholder engagement. We present a structured adaptive management framework that translates theory into action by describing an implementation process and organizational structure, explicitly linking learning to management planning and implementation, and integrating the technical and social aspects of adaptive management. Forest managers and policymakers can customize our example according to their mandate and management objectives. The framework is particularly relevant to land management for multiple uses, where the uncertainties are abundant and complex, and the decisionmakers increasingly use mathematical modeling to inform their decisions.
Disordered gut microbiota and alterations in metabolic patterns are associated with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zuo Kun , Li Jing , Li Kuibao , Hu Chaowei , Gao Yuanfeng , Chen Mulei , Hu Roumu , Liu Ye , Chi Hongjie , Wang Hongjiang , Qin Yanwen , Liu Xiaoyan , Li Shichao , Cai Jun , Zhong Jiuchang , Yang Xinchun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
With the establishment of the heart-gut axis concept, accumulating studies suggest that the gut microbiome plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Yet, little evidence has been reported in characterizing the gut microbiota shift in atrial fibrillation.

Methods
We include the result of the global alterations that occur in the intestinal microbiota in a cohort of 50 patients with atrial fibrillation and 50 matched controls based on a strategy of metagenomic and metabolomic analyses.

Results
The alterations include a dramatic elevation in microbial diversity and a specific perturbation of gut microbiota composition. Overgrowth of Ruminococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus, as well as reduction of Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, Oscillibacter, and Bilophila were detected in patients with atrial fibrillation. A gut microbial function imbalance and correlated metabolic pattern changes were observed with atrial fibrillation in both fecal and serum samples. The differential gut microbiome signatures could be used to identify patients with atrial fibrillation.

Conclusions
Our findings characterize the disordered gut microbiota and microbial metabolite profiles in atrial fibrillation. Further research could determine whether intervention strategies targeting intestinal microbiome composition might be useful to counteract the progression of atrial fibrillation.
Long-term virological outcomes, failure and acquired resistance in a large cohort of Ugandan children
Authors: Huibers M H W , Kityo C , Boerma R S , Kaudha E , Sigaloff K C E , Balinda S N , Bertagnolio S , Nakanjako R , Mugyenyi P , Calis J C J , Boele van Hensbroek M , Rinke de Wit T F 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate long-term virological failure (VF) and drug resistance among HIV-infected Ugandan children on first-line ART.

Methods
In a multicentre prospective cohort study, viral load (VL) and drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were investigated at baseline and 6 monthly intervals in children (age ≤ 12 years). VF (two consecutive VLs >1000 copies/mL or death after 6 months of ART) was defined as early VF (0–24 months of ART) or late VF (25–48 months of ART). An active regimen was defined as partially active if the genotypic susceptibility score (GSS) was <3.

Results
Between 2010 and 2011, 316 children were enrolled. Viral suppression was achieved in 75.8%, 71.5%, 72.6% and 69.2% at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months. VF occurred in 111/286 (38.8%), of which 67.6% was early and 32.4% late VF. Early VF was associated with a partially active regimen at baseline (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.9–18.5), poor adherence (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3–7.4) and immunodeficiency (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.1–10.2). Late VF was associated with age >3 years (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.0–6.6) and WHO stage 3/4 (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.4–13.4). Acquired DRMs were detected in 27.0% before 24 months, versus 14.4% after 24 months (P < 0.001). A total of 92.2% of the children with early VF, versus 56.2% with late VF, had a partially active regimen (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
VF rates were high, occurred predominantly in the first 24 months and appeared to increase again in year four. Risk factors and patterns of early VF/DRMs were different from those of late VF/DRMs. Virological control may improve by close monitoring and prompt switching to second-line therapy in the first 24 months. Late VF may be prevented by early start of ART.
Niche overlap and ecological tolerance of non-marine Ostracoda in Turkey
Authors: Külköylüoğlu Okan , Yılmaz Ozan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe applied niche overlap indices to for the first time show possible correlational occurrences among 40 non-marine ostracod taxa from seven aquatic habitats (lakes, creeks, ponds, springs, ditches, pools, troughs) in Turkey. Ecological tolerance and optimum estimates of each species were calculated and compared to explain possible reasons for habitat utilization. Eleven species were found suitable for the application of these indices. Overlap ranges of five of the species were found suitable for five variables (pH, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, electrical conductivity, and elevation; P < 0.05). Heterocypris incongruens (Ramdohr, 1808) and H. salina (Brady, 1868) were the only two species with common overlap for all the five variables. These two species generally showed common resource-utilization curves for each of these variables along with relatively similar tolerance ranges. Complete overlap was only possible for some cosmoecious species when they displayed wide-tolerance ranges and low optimum estimates for different environmental variables. Results suggest that cosmopolitan species do not only have wide geographical distributions but tolerance ranges higher than other species. Such wide tolerance ranges seem to help species coinhabit with each other and elevate their co-occurrence probabilities in different types of habitats. Applying the first usage of overlap indices on ostracods and attempting to show the relationship between niche overlap and species ecological tolerance could nevertheless provide a new tool to apply in future studies.
POLIII-derived non-coding RNAs acting as scaffolds and decoys
Authors: Täuber Hendrik , Hüttelmaier Stefan , Köhn Marcel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA large variety of eukaryotic small structured POLIII-derived non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been described in the past. However, for only few, e.g. 7SL and H1/MRP families, cellular functions are well understood. For the vast majority of these transcripts, cellular functions remain unknown. Recent findings on the role of Y RNAs and other POLIII-derived ncRNAs suggest an evolutionarily conserved function of these ncRNAs in the assembly and function of ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs). These RNPs provide cellular `machineries’, which are essential for guiding the fate and function of a variety of RNAs. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of POLIII-derived ncRNAs in the assembly and function of RNPs. We propose that these ncRNAs serve as scaffolding factors that `chaperone’ RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to form functional RNPs. In addition or associated with this role, some small ncRNAs act as molecular decoys impairing the RBP-guided control of RNA fate by competing with other RNA substrates. This suggests that POLIII-derived ncRNAs serve essential and conserved roles in the assembly of larger RNPs and thus the control of gene expression by indirectly guiding the fate of mRNAs and lncRNAs.
Common genetic variants in the TP53 pathway and their impact on cancer
Authors: Barnoud Thibaut , Parris Joshua L D , Murphy Maureen E 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe TP53 gene is well known to be the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. In addition to mutations, there are > 20 different coding region single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TP53 gene, as well as SNPs in MDM2, the negative regulator of p53. Several of these SNPs are known to alter p53 pathway function. This makes p53 rather unique among cancer-critical genes, e.g. the coding regions of other cancer-critical genes like Ha-Ras, RB, and PI3KCA do not have non-synonymous coding region SNPs that alter their function in cancer. The next frontier in p53 biology will consist of probing which of these coding region SNPs are moderately or strongly pathogenic and whether they influence cancer risk and the efficacy of cancer therapy. The challenge after that will consist of determining whether we can tailor chemotherapy to correct the defects for each of these variants. Here we review the SNPs in TP53 and MDM2 that show the most significant impact on cancer and other diseases. We also propose avenues for how this information can be used to better inform personalized medicine approaches to cancer and other diseases.
Effects of coplanar satellite bands on galactic disc evolution
Authors: Criswell Alexander , Struck Curtis 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Small dwarf companions have been long thought to have minimal influence on their host galaxy’s evolution without undergoing direct impacts to the host’s disc. However, in light of recent discoveries of coplanar, corotating satellite structures around the Milky Way, Andromeda, and Centaurus A, we use an N-body/test particle simulation to show that low-mass dwarf satellites within such structures are able to exert significant influence on their host’s disc, driving spiral waves and inducing stellar scattering. This is accomplished through quasi-periodic alignments of multiple small satellites within the structure that emulate the gravitational influence of a single, larger satellite such as Sagittarius Dwarf or the Large Magellanic Cloud. We find that the coplanar, corotational nature of such structures allows for repeated alignments on short enough time-scales to overcome damping within the disc, and in a consistent enough fashion to continually drive spiral waves over the course of 2 Gyr of simulation time. The spirals driven by this phenomenon tend to be flocculent and many armed due to the irregular intervals over which alignments occur. We additionally find that while the aligned satellites are able to induce noticeable thickening of the disc, their ability to drive surface density profile evolution is secondary to other effects.
Tidal disruptions by rotating black holes: effects of spin and impact parameter
Authors: Gafton Emanuel , Rosswog Stephan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We present the results of relativistic smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of tidal disruptions of stars by rotating supermassive black holes, for a wide range of impact parameters and black hole spins. For deep encounters, we find that: relativistic precession creates debris geometries impossible to obtain with the Newtonian equations; part of the fluid can be launched on plunging orbits, reducing the fallback rate and the mass of the resulting accretion disc; multiple squeezings and bounces at periapsis may generate distinctive X-ray signatures resulting from the associated shock breakout; disruptions can occur inside the marginally bound radius, if the angular momentum spread launches part of the debris on non-plunging orbits. Perhaps surprisingly, we also find relativistic effects important in partial disruptions, where the balance between self-gravity and tidal forces is so precarious that otherwise minor relativistic effects can have decisive consequences on the stellar fate. In between, where the star is fully disrupted but relativistic effects are mild, the difference resides in a gentler rise of the fallback rate, a later and smaller peak, and longer return times. However, relativistic precession always causes thicker debris streams, both in the bound part (speeding up circularization) and in the unbound part (accelerating and enhancing the production of separate transients). We discuss various properties of the disruption (compression at periapsis, shape and spread of the energy distribution) and potential observables (peak fallback rate, times of rise and decay, duration of super-Eddington fallback) as a function of the impact parameter and the black hole spin.
Effect of oxygen saturation targets on the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and duration of respiratory supports in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Hanna Youstina , Laliberté Corinne , Ben Fadel Nadya , Lemyre Brigitte , Thébaud Bernard , Barrowman Nicholas , Bijelic Vid , Hoey Lynda , Katz Sherri L 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent clinical practice changes in neonatal care resulted in higher, narrower oxygen saturation target ranges for preterm infants. The effect of targeting higher or lower oxygen saturations on respiratory outcomes of preterm infants and duration of hospitalization has not been extensively reviewed in the context of current care, but could have significant implications.MethodsA multicentre retrospective cohort of 145 preterm infants was conducted; 105 had lower oxygen saturation targets (88 to 92%), 40 had higher targets (90 to 95%). The primary outcome was bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Secondary outcomes included duration of invasive/noninvasive respiratory support, oxygen therapy, and hospitalization. The primary outcome was compared using Fisher’s exact test. Secondary outcomes were evaluated with survival analysis and Wilcoxon rank sum test.ResultsThe difference in incidence of BPD in the lower (N=56, 53.3%) and higher saturation groups (N=14, 35.0%) was not statistically significant (relative risk [RR]=0.66 [0.41, 1.04], P=0.06). The difference in duration of mechanical ventilation in the lower (median 7.8 days, interquartile range [IQR] 3.7 to 15.9) and higher saturation groups (median 4.5, IQR 1.9 to 12.3) approached statistical significance (P=0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the durations of other respiratory supports or hospital stay between the two groups.ConclusionsThe results of this study approached statistical significance and suggest that higher, narrower oxygen saturation targets may result in a clinically important reduction in BPD incidence and duration of mechanical ventilation. These results require validation in a larger sample to refine optimal targets.