bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging of a Metastatic Gastrointestinal Carcinoid by F-18-DOPA Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Schneider B. , Kraft A. , Moser E. , Nitzsche E. U. , Hoegerle S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe localization of carcinoids in the gastrointestinal tract is frequently difficult if not impossible with the imaging procedures used to date. It is reported on a patient with metastasizing carcinoid in whom various imaging procedures were not successful in detecting the primary tumor. Due to the importance of primary tumor proof for potential curative surgical therapy, a whole-body positron emission tomography with F-18-DOPA was performed. PET enabled localization of a potential primary tumor in the ileum. Moreover, in addition to the known abdominal lymph node and liver metastases, it detected a mediastinal lymph node metastasis and a pulmonary metastasis. F-18-DOPA whole-body PET may be a very promising imaging approach to the localization and staging of gastrointestinal carcinoids.
Classification of the Lymphatic Drainage Status of a Primary Tumour: a Proposal
Authors: Maza Sofiane , Ivančević V. , Geworski Lilli , Munz D. L. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Aim: Creation of a classification of the lymphatic drainage status of a primary tumour. It shall enable comparison of different approaches, standardisation and quality control. Methods: Identification and topographic localisation of the sentinel node(s) using lymphatic radionuclide gamma camera imaging and/or gamma probe detection and/or vital dye mapping. Results: A classification comprising four classes (D-Class I-IV) and distinct subclasses (A–E) proved to be simply to be learned and applicable as well as reliably reproducible. It is based on the number of sentinel lymph nodes and their locations and can be combined with the pathological and molecular biological lymph node status. D-classes/subclasses obtained in 420 patients with malignant melanoma of the skin are presented. Conclusions: The classification is applicable to different approaches. Its diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic value should be studied prospectively in those primary tumours which preferably metastasise via their draining lymphatic vessels.
Radiation exposure to the personnel in the operating room and in the pathology due to SLN detection with Tc-99m-nanocolloid in breast cancer patients
Authors: Ostertag H. , Peppert E. , Czech N. , Kampen W. U. , Muhle C. , Lüttges Jutta , Henze E. , Brenner W. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Aim of this study was to assess the radiation exposure for the personnel in the operating room and in the pathology laboratories caused by radioguided SLN localization in breast cancer. Methods: In 15 patients dose rates were measured at various distances from the breast and tumor specimens during operation and pathological work-up at 3-5 h after peritumoral injection of 30 MBq Tc-99m-nanocolloid. Results: The dose rates were 84.1 ± 46.4 μGy/h at 2.5 cm, 3.57 ± 2.14 μGy/h at 30 cm, 0.87 ± 0.51 μGy/h at 100 cm, and 0.40 ± 0.20 μGy/h at 150 cm in the operating room and 44.4 ± 27.8 μGy/h at 2.5 cm, and 1.66 ± 1.34 μGy/h at 30 cm in the pathology laboratories. From these data the radiation exposure was calculated for 250 operations per year assuming a mean exposure time of 30 min for the surgical team members and of 10 min for the pathology staff. Under these conditions the finger dose is 10.5 mGy for the surgeon, and 5.55 mGy for the pathologist. The wholebody doses are 0.45 mSv, 0.11 mSv, 0.05 mSv, and 0.21 mSv for the surgeon, the operating room nurse, the anesthetist, and the pathologist, respectively. Conclusion: Since the radiation risk to staff members is low, a classification of the personnel in the operating room and in the pathology laboratories as occupational radiation exposed workers is not necessary.
Lymphoscintigraphy in breast cancer patients –comparison of peritumoural and intradermal injection
Authors: Kässmann H. , Galvan G. , Menzel C. , Reitsamer R. , Holzmannhofer J. , Rettenbacher L. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Aim of this study was to determine whether the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) can be accurately identified in breast cancer patients with intradermal injection of the radiotracer above the primary tumour in comparison to peritumoural injection. Methods: In 45 women with breast cancer we performed lymphoscintigraphy on two separate days. We injected Tc-99m nanocolloid on the first day peritumourally, and on a separate day intradermally. The results of both investigations using different injection sites were compared in order to determine the number and location of SLNs. Results: The SLN identification rate using peritumoural injection was 71% (32 of 45 patients) and 96% (43 out of 45 patients) using intradermal injection. In 62% (28 of 45 patients) the number and location of the SLNs were identical. In 97% (31 of 32 patients) in whom a SLN was detected using peritumoural injection, the same SLNs reappeared with intradermal injection. There were no false negative findings with the peritumoural administration of tracer whereas the intradermal administration approach resulted in a false negative rate of 13%. Conclusion: In women with breast cancer the reproducibility of lymphoscintigraphy using peritumoural and intradermal injection sites was 62%. The intradermal injection modality enables the detection of a SLN in patients where the peritumoural injection failed but it has the disadvantage of a higher false negative rate in comparison to the peritumoural injection technique.
Clinical applications of single photon emission tomography in neuromedicine
Authors: Grünwald F. , Kuwert T. , Tatsch K. , Sabri O. , Benkert O. , Fahlbusch R. , Gründer G. , Herholz K. , Weiller C. , Bartenstein P. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis article gives in his second part a critical review of the clinical applications of SPECT with perfusion markers and receptor ligands in dementing disorders and psychosis. In addition this review discusses clinical applications of SPECT investigations with perfusion markers in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system and in brain trauma.
Quantitative Bone Scintigraphy in Prostatic Carcinoma - Long-Term Response to Treatment
Authors: Ahlgren L. , Lilja B. , Mattsson S. , Sundkvist Gunilla 
Published: March 2018

SummaryQuantitative bone scintigraphy was performed in 24 patients with prostatic carcinoma before orchiectomy and up to one to four years after operation. The gamma camera count rate was recorded over the lower thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae 4 h after injection of 99mTc-MDP. Twelve patients had normal bone scintigrams throughout the study. They showed from two years after operation a slight increase in count rate values compared with the preoperative values, probably due to hormonal changes after orchiectomy and to age-related alterations in skeletal metabolism. Twelve patients had abnormal bone scintigrams. They showed as a response to treatment the flare phenomenon with an increase in count rate over the abnormal vertebrae when measured two weeks after operation followed by a decrease after two months. The lowest count rate values were obtained between six months and one year after operation. Thereafter the count rate seemed to remain on the same level. An increase in count rate was connected to progression of disease and the patients died of prostatic carcinoma within one year thereafter.
Wertigkeit der szintigraphischen Funktionsberechnung bei extremer Hydronephrose
Authors: Hübner U. , Bähre M. , Pilgrim Susanne 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungAm Fallbeispiel einer Ureterostiumstenose mit massiver Hydronephrose bei einem zehn Monate alten Säugling wird die Problematik der gelegentlich diskutierten Überschätzung der Ausscheidungsleistung von Harnstauungsnieren durch die Funktionsszintigraphie dargestellt. Bei diesem Kind wurde aufgrund der szintigraphischen Befunde eine zunächst erwogene Nephrektomie zurückgestellt. Sowohl die postoperativ normale renale Ausscheidungsfunktion als auch die späteren nephrographischen Verlaufskontrollen bestätigten den hohen Funktionsanteil der hydronephrotischen Niere.
Nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik und Therapie entzündlicher Erkrankungen
Authors: Riccabona G. , Hundeshagen H. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie z.Z. verfügbaren szintigraphischen Methoden zur Lokalisation entzündlicher Erkrankungen wurden vorgestellt. Die klinischen Anwendungen dieser Verfahren und ihre Bedeutung (Chirurgie, Intensivmedizin, Orthopädie, Innere Medizin, HNO-Erkrankungen, Gesichts- und Kieferchirurgie, Dermatologie und Kinderheilkunde) wurden diskutiert ebenso wie die Ergebnisse der Kernspintomographie. Einhellig wurde festgestellt, daß alle diese Methoden - wenn richtig angewendet - für die Diagnostik von Entzündungen wesentlich sein können, wobei die Diagnose unter Bedingungen ermöglicht wird, in denen andere Untersuchungsverfahren keine diagnostische Information erbringen. Ein Kleindetektor zur On-Line-Überwachung der Herzfunktion bei Patienten mit Sepsis wurde ebenfalls vorgestellt. Die Behandlung der rheumatischen Arthritis durch intraartikuläre Applikation von Radiokolloiden (Synoviorthese) hat ihren großen Stellenwert behalten.
Szintigraphische Funktionsberechnung bei renaler Lageanomalie
Authors: Pilgrim Susanne 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungAm Fallbeispiel eines Patienten mit einseitiger Beckenniere wird dargestellt, daß bei einer Lageanomalie und Anwendung der renalen Funktionsszintigraphie in üblicher Technik eine deutliche Fehleinschätzung der seitengetrennten Funktionsanteile resultieren kann. Ein einfaches Verfahren zur Vermeidung dieses Bestimmungsfehlers wird aufgezeigt.
Pulmonary Tumor Microembolism
Authors: Wijngaerden E. Van , Roo M. De , Mortelmans L. , Bennink R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPulmonary tumor embolism is an often missed antemortem diagnosis in patients with cancer and respiratory failure. Although rare, this complication is an important cause of additional morbidity. Referred for radionuclide pulmonary perfusion and ventilation scintigraphy, a typical pattern of multiple subsegmental peripheral defects on perfusion lung scanning without matching ventilation defects, suggesting a high probability for pulmonary thromboembolism, often leads to false conclusions.We present a case of bilateral multiple subsegmental mismatched defects in lung ventilation perfusion scintigraphy, where autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary tumor embolism, secondary to an undifferentiated ductal type adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Pulmonary tumor embolism is an entity to keep in mind in patients treated for carcinoma presenting with (sub) acute dyspnea.
Verschlechterung einer endokrinen Orbitopathie nach Radioiodtherapie bei M. Basedow?
Authors: Weigand A. , Hinzpeter B. , Schicha H. 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, den Verlauf einer endokrinen Orbitopathie (EO) während und nach einer Radioiodtherapie (RITH) zu erfassen und mit Ergebnissen der operativen und thyreostatischen Therapie zu vergleichen. Methode: In dieser Studie wurden 103 Verläufe einer RITH bei 82 Patienten und Patientinnen mit M.Basedow beurteilt. Der EO-Befund wurde vor und im Verlauf nach RITH mehrfach von einem einzigen erfahrenen Untersucher nach folgenden Kriterien erfaßt: 1. Verlauf der subjektiven Beschwerden, 2. NOSPECS-Klassifikation, 3. Exophthalmometrie, 4. Fotodokumentation. Der Beobachtungszeitraum betrug mindestens zwölf Monate. Die erreichte Herddosis lag im Mittel bei 210 ± 80 Gy. In 46 Fällen bestand vor RITH keine EO und bei 57 Fällen eine EO zwischen Grad I und IV. Ergebnisse: In elf Fällen kam es zu einer Verbesserung und in acht Fällen zu einer Verschlechterung der EO. In 84 Fällen blieb der EO-Befund unverändert. Aus unseren Daten ergeben sich Hinweise, daß es bei einer erreichten Herddosis von weniger als 200 Gy, einem prätherapeutischen Schilddrüsenvolumen größer 55 ml oder Durchführung der RITH bei vorbestehender EO ohne begleitende Cortisontherapie gehäuft zu einer Verschlechterung des EO-Befundes kommen kann. Schlußfolgerung: Im Vergleich zur Operation und thyreostatischen Therapie besteht bei RITH unter Cortison kein erhöhtes Risiko einer EO-Verschlechterung.
Effect of Dual and Triple Energy Window Scatter Correction Methods on Image Quality in Liver Scintigraphy
Authors: Perisinakis K. , Karkavitsas N. , Gourtsoyiannis N. , Damilakis J. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Aim: To investigate the effect of two scatter correction methods on lesion detectability for both planar and tomographic hepatic imaging. Methods: All planar and tomographic acquisitions involved simultaneous collection of photons in the main photopeak window (126-1 54 keV) and three additional windows (92-116, 116-126 and 154-164 keV). Uncorrected and corrected for scatter images were obtained from the same acquisition data. The dual energy window (DEW) and the triple energy window (TEW) scatter compensation methods were used to obtain two sets of corrected images. The DEW method was implemented with main photopeak window 126-154 keV, Compton scatter window 92-126 keVand scatter multiplier k = 0.5. A modified TEW method was also applied with main photopeak window 126-154 keV and scatter subwindows 116-126 keV and 154-164 keV. Phantoms were used to study the effect of scatter correction on contrast and signal-to-noise ratio. The observer’s ability to identify lesions was studied on uncorrected and corrected for scatter patient images. Results: In planar imaging, both scatter compensation methods yielded contrast enhancement. However signal to noise ratio (SNR) was degraded to 0.63 and 0.67 when DEW and TEW were applied respectively. In SPECT images, contrast was increased by a factor of 2.4 and 1.7, while SNR was degraded to 0.60 and 0.64 when DEW and TEW methods were used respectively. Conclusions: Scatter correction using DEW and TEW methods may improve observer’s ability to distinguish lesions in planar (p<0.05 for both methods) and SPECT (p<0.05 for both methods) liver studies.
O-15-Butanol-PET-Aktivierungsstudie zur zerebralen Repräsentation deklarativer Gedächtnisvorgänge
Authors: Schmidt D. , Mottaghy F. M. , Halsband U. , Teilmann L. , Herzog H. , Müller-Gärtner H.-W. , Krause B. J. 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Untersuchungen zur zerebralen Repräsentation deklarativer Gedächtnisvorgänge mit der Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie an gesunden rechtshändigen Normalprobanden. Methoden: Bei sechs Probanden erfolgten sechs 0-15-Butanol-PET-Untersuchungen (jeweils 1500 MBq) mit einer GE 4096+ PET-Kamera. Die Gedächtnisaufgabe bestand darin, zwölf Wortpaare hoch bildhaften Gehaltes zu lernen (auditorische Präsentation über Kopfhörer). Bei der nachfolgenden Abfrage wurden randomisiert jeweils die ersten Worte präsentiert und die Probanden hatten dann die dazugehörenden Worte zu assoziieren. Als Referenzbedingungen wurden Nichtworte dargeboten. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte mit »Statistischem Parametrischem Mapping« (SPM 96) unter MatLab (Version 4.2). Ergebnisse: Die Gedächtnisleistung (Anteil der richtigen Assoziationen) der Probanden war hoch. Während des Lernvorganges wurden Aktivierungen - in Form von Anstiegen des rCBF - im anterioren Gyrus cinguli, sowie im linken und rechten präfrontalen Kortex beobachtet. Während der Abfrage zeigten sich Aktivierungen im linken und rechten Precuneus, im linken präfrontalen Kortex sowie im anterioren Gyrus cinguli. Schlußfolgerung: Die Untersuchung deklarativer Lern- und Gedächtnisvorgänge mittels 0-15-Butanol-PET weist auf die Beteiligung eines distribuierten Netzes von Hirnregionen hin. Darüber hinaus zeigt sich im Vergleich von Lernen und Abfrage eine unterschiedliche Involvierung der präfrontalen Gehirnregionen und eine wichtige Rolle des Precuneus bei der Erinnerung von Gedächtnisinhalten.
Einfluß von Krankheitsprognose und Alter auf das Strahlenrisiko durch nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik (am Beispiel der Skelettszintigraphie)
Authors: Eschner W. , Schicha H. , Smolarz Kamilla 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie war es, den Einfluß der Altersverteilung und der Überlebenszeit von Patienten nach einer erstmaligen Skelettszintigraphie auf die Berechnung der theoretischen Lebenszeitverkürzung zu untersuchen. Patienten und Methoden: Die Stichprobe umfaßte 216 Patienten, die 1980 eine erstmalige Skelettszintigraphie erhielten. Von 182 Patienten konnte ein Endpunkt der Auswertung (Todesdatum oder eine am 31.12.1995 bestehende Meldung beim Einwohnermeldeamt) erhalten werden. Die Berechnung der Lebenszeitverkürzung basiert auf dem Formalismus von Schicha und Wellner (13). Ergebnisse: Bei 74% der untersuchten Patienten war ein malignes Tumorleiden bekannt. 28% der Patienten sind innerhalb eines Jahres nach der Untersuchung verstorben, bei Ende der Follow-up-Periode (mindestens 15 Jahre nach der Skelettszintigraphie) waren insgesamt 58% der Patienten verstorben. Die theoretische Lebenszeitverkürzung aufgrund der Strahlenexposition beträgt bei der betrachteten Patientengruppe 0,152 Tage/mSv. Unter der Annahme einer Altersverteilung, die der allgemeinen Bevölkerung entsprechen würde, und einer statistisch bekannten Lebenserwartung beträgt dieser rechnerische Wert 0,437 Tage/mSv. Schlußfolgerung: Betrachtungen zu Risiken von diagnostischen Untersuchungen unter Verwendung von ionisierenden Strahlen sollten die reduzierte Lebenserwartung von Krankenhauspatienten mit berücksichtigen.
Cold Metastases Detected by Bone Scintigraphy in Aggressive Lung Cancer
Authors: Hernández Gloria Ruíz , Marchori C. Sánchez , Camps J. Oro , Vila A. Perales , Carsí C. Martínez 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungEin 55jähriger Mann mit seit zwei Wochen andauernden lumbalen Schmerzen wurde in der orthopädischen Klinik untersucht. Die Evolution des klinischen Bildes und eine Knochenszintigraphie ermöglichten die Diagnose. Dieser klinische Fall und das wissenschaftliche Schrifttum zeigten, wie wichtig eine routinemäßige Knochenszintigraphie in der Diagnostik von Knochenmetastasen ist.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and CA 15-3 Producing Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Özet A. , Arpaci A. , Kömiircü S. , Üçkaya G. 
Published: March 2018

Summary50 years old man suffering from primary lung adenocarcinoma presented with high levels of both beta subunit human chorionic gonadotropin (βHCG) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) in the absence of elevated carcinoembrionic antigen (CEA), alfa fetoprotein (AFP) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9). Although βHCG or CA 15-3 high levels were reported in adenocarcinoma of lung, this is the first report of a patient with high levels of both markers.
Studies on the External Fixator Pin-Bone Interface: The Effect of Pin Design and Pin Cooling in an In Vivo Sheep Tibia Model
Authors: Zaruby J. F. , Finlay J. B. , Valliant A. E. , Hurtig M. B. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pin design and drill/pin cooling on the biological response of bone in the near (entry) and far (exit) cortices of mature intact sheep tibiae. Two pins with markedly different characteristics were used; the AO Schanz screw, a traditional pyramidal tipped design, and the fluted, tapered end Howmedica Apex pin. Our hypothesis was that cooling of hardware would reduce thermal necrosis of bone at the pin-bone interface (PBI). When the effect of pin design was controlled for, the cooled pins resulted in better pin bone interfaces at the near cortex but not the far cortex. It is possible that the drill bits and pins warmed significantly after traversing the more vascular bone marrow space, thus the cooling effect was lost before drilling the far cortex. Secondly, the Howmedica Apex pin resulted in more bone at the pin bone interface than the AO Schanz pin indicating that the former’s more advanced design follows the pilot hole and creates threads more accurately, resulting in a better pin-bone fit and less mechanical damage.The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of pin design and drill/pin cooling on the remodelling response of cortical bone at the pin-bone interface in an in vivo sheep tibia model. No significant differences were found between pin designs or between pins that were implanted at 4° C and those that were inserted at 20° C. More bone was retained at the near cortex pin-bone interface (PBI) than the far cortex PBI when the pins were cooled, but the opposite was true when the pins were not cooled.
Arthrodesis of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint in a Horse Using Stainless Steel Baskets and Transarticular 4.5-mm Cortical Screws
Authors: Vacek J. R. , Schumacher J. , Honnas C. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe distal interphalangeal joint was successfully arthrodesed in a 7-monthold horse using two 13-mm stainless steel baskets that were packed with autogenous cancellous bone and held in place with transarticular 4.5-mm cortical screws. The baskets were placed midway between the extensor process of the distal phalanx and the collateral ligament on the corresponding side of the joint. The screws were directed from the abaxial side of the middle phalanx, axially and distally through the basket and across the joint space, into the distal phalanx. Bony fusion of the distal interphalangeal joint occurred through the region occupied by the baskets as well as through the central region of the joint. The horse was free of lameness at the walk in the operated limb from the fourth until the tenth postoperative month, at which time lameness recurred as a result of sepsis in the region of the lateral implant. An additional complication was the development of a carpus varus deformity in the contralateral forelimb, presumably as a result of stretching of the lateral collateral carpal ligaments from excessive weight-bearing coupled with an abnormal posture (tripod stance) during convalescence. The horse was euthanatized 10 months after the arthodesis procedure because of severe lameness associated with sepsis in the region of the lateral implant.Arthrodesis of the distal interphalangeal joint can be accomplished by inserting perforated stainless steel baskets into the joint.Modifications in the surgical approach to avoid complications of sepsis need to be made before this technique can be recommended for clinical application.Although the horse did not survive long-term, presentation of this technique should prove useful to other investigators as they attempt to devise techniques to fuse the distal interphalangeal joint.
Traumatic Temporomandibular Joint Luxation in a Cat and Treatment by Condylar Tethering
Authors: Caporn T. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe cat in this report was admitted with mandibular symphyseal separation and jaw malocclusion referrable to luxation of the right TMJ. Radiographs revealed a fracture of the right articular eminence in the frontal plane of the head. Closed reduction, while initially successful, failed to prevent reluxation of the mandible. Polyester suture was used to successfully tether the right mandibular condyle to the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, preventing any reluxation and allowing healing of the fractured eminence.Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) luxation is a relatively commonly encountered injury of the feline jaw. While most temporomandibular joints remain stable once relocated, some will reluxate. A new technique using polyester suture to successfully treat an unstable rostral TMJ luxation, and associated fracture in a cat, is described. Alternative treatments for this condition are briefly discussed.