bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of electromagnetic field oscillations of a charged particle rotating about a conductive ball
Authors: Mkrtchyan A.H. , Grigoryan L.Sh. , Khachatryan H.F. , Grigoryan M.L. , Sargsyan A.V. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The paper investigates some characteristic features of the electromagnetic field of a relativistic charged particle that uniformly rotates about a conductive ball in its equatorial plane. It is assumed that the braking of the particle due to radiation is compensated by an external influence (e.g. the electric force) that compels the particle to turn uniformly in a circle. The magnetic permittivity of the ball is assumed to be one. The work is based on the corresponding exact analytic solutions of Maxwell’s equations. The generalized Drude-Lorentz-Sommerfeld formula for the dielectric function of the conductive ball is used in numerical calculations. It is shown that localized oscillations of a high-amplitude electromagnetic field can be generated at a given harmonic inside the ball at a certain (resonant) particle rotation frequency at a small distance from the surface of the ball. Herewith, at large distances from the trajectory of the particle, these localized oscillations are accompanied by intense radiation at the same harmonic, which is many times more intense than the analogous radiation in the case when the ball is absent. The possibilities of using this phenomenon to develop sources of quasi-monochromatic electromagnetic radiation in the range from giga- to terra hertz frequencies are discussed.
Student Attendance At Campus Sporting Events: How Can We Get Them There?
Authors: Castleberry Stephen B. , Espel Stephen 
Published: October 2018

College student attendance at campus sporting events has been declining for a number of years with administrators looking for ways to reverse that trend. There are multiple reasons for the declining attendance and a multitude of possible solutions have been proposed. This case examines the situation for the football program at one mid-sized university, providing data from a representative cross section of the student population. Readers are tasked with making recommendations based on the data and to describe methods of evaluating the success of any changes.
Night air conditioning of buildings by external air ventilation
Authors: Bravo-Hidalgo Debrayan 
Published: October 2018

Buildings contain the environment in which almost all human activities take place, and therefore, nowadays, they represent a great sink of energy. Establishing thermal comfort conditions within these buildings is responsible for a large portion of their energy demand. This paper aims at providing a theoretical framework of the performance and the trends in research and implementation of night air conditioning by outside air ventilation. The bibliographic search was conducted in the academic directory Scopus, and the information extracted was processed in the VOSviewer software, through which text mining, map of terms and networks of investigative action were carried out. The literature showed that direct ventilation has a more significant cooling potential in regions characterized by a high difference between day and night air temperatures. The effectiveness of night cooling and the reliable prediction of thermal behavior are strongly related to the model adopted for the convection algorithm. A reliable prediction of heat transfer by convection requires an approach based on computational simulations of fluid dynamics, which are much more demanding in terms of computational power, compared to simulations of the variation of energy flows as a function of time. Most studies showed that the position of the thermal mass is not significant, while the amount of ventilation air is of great importance. In particular, the energy demand for cooling a building decreases sharply if the air flow rates increase.
Decisión judicial y participación ciudadana: los impactos de las audiencias públicas en las sentencias de la Corte Suprema argentina = Judicial decision making and public participation: the impact of public hearings in the decisions of the Supreme Court of Argentina
Authors: Benedetti Miguel Á. , Sáenz M. Jimena 
Published: October 2018

Resumen: En las últimas décadas, las audiencias públicas realizadas en foros judiciales han sido señaladas como una de las innovaciones más importantes en las prácticas de los tribunales de altas instancias latinoamericanos. Estas audiencias prometen una renovación en los modos de pensar las tensas relaciones entre el poder judicial –especialmente su facultad de revisión de constitucionalidad– y la democracia a partir de la apertura del espacio judicial al diálogo y la participación de la ciudadanía, de las modalidades de intervención judicial para la protección de derechos, y de los aspectos simbólicos y políticos de herramientas que usualmente se reconocen como meramente procesales. A la luz de esos objetivos de renovación dialógica, pragmática y simbólica de las prácticas judiciales que abrieron las audiencias, este trabajo testea su grado de concreción a través de un estudio de los efectos de las audiencias públicas realizadas por la Corte Suprema de Justicia argentina en sus decisiones desde finales de 2004 hasta el 2017 inclusive.Palabras clave: Corte Suprema, audiencias públicas, participación ciudadana, deliberación, decisión judicialAbstract: The implementation of public hearings in judicial fora in the last decades has been considered from different perspectives one of the most important innovations in the practices of Latin American Courts. They promise a renovation in the ways of accommodating the tension between the role of Courts (especially their function of judicial review) and democracy; in the models of judicial decision making, and they point to the symbolic dimension of procedural rules and practices. This paper presents a study that tests the accomplishment of these promises tracing the impact of public hearings in the decisions of the Supreme Court of Argentina in the period between 2004 and 2017.Keywords: Supreme Court, public hearings, public participation, deliberation, judicial decision making.
Protesta democrática = Democratic protest
Authors: García Ruiz Alicia 
Published: October 2018

Resumen: En este trabajo se realiza un recorrido por la idea de protesta a lo largo de tres dimensiones. En primer lugar, se trata la relación de la protesta con la ley (incluyendo aquí el problema de la desobediencia civil y de la tensión entre legalidad y legitimidad). En segundo lugar, se aborda el papel político de la contestación social en el funcionamiento de las sociedades democráticas. En tercer lugar, se analiza el problema del populismo punitivo y las políticas represivas en el contexto de sociedades fuertemente marcadas por la desigualdad, la pobreza y la conflictividad social.Palabras clave: Protesta, desobediencia, democracia, legalidad, legitimidad.Abstract: In this article, the idea of protest is approached along three dimensions. First, it deals with the relationship between protest and law (with particular attention to the problem of civil disobedience and the tension between legality and legitimacy). Secondly, the political role of social contestation in the functioning of democratic societies is addressed. Finally, the problem of punitive populism and repressive policies is analyzed in the context of societies strongly marked by inequality, poverty and social conflict.Keywords: Protest, disobedience, democracy, legality, legitimacy.
Cultura constitucional = Constitutional culture
Authors: Melero De la Torre Mariano C. 
Published: October 2018

Resumen: La “cultura constitucional” hace referencia a la Constitución “realizada” o “actualizada” en las prácticas, hábitos y actitudes de los poderes públicos y la ciudadanía en general de una comunidad política. Este artículo trata de explorar las formas de interdependencia de la norma constitucional y la realidad cultural, añadiendo al final algunas reflexiones sobre el papel de los jueces en un Estado constitucional. Palabras clave: Cultura constitucional, mutación constitucional, cultura de la autoridad, cultura de la justificación, cultura democrática de la justificación.Abstract: The “constitutional culture” means the “realization” or “actualization” of the Constitution in the practices, habits and attitudes of the public powers and the general citizenship of a political community. This paper tries to explore the forms of interdependence between the constitutional norm and the cultural reality, adding at the end some reflections about the role of judges in a constitutional State.Keywords: Constitutional culture, living tree, culture of authority, culture of justification, democratic culture of justification.
Buenas Prácticas (Códigos de) = Best Practices (Codes of)
Authors: Ausín Txetxu 
Published: October 2018

Resumen: Los códigos de buenas prácticas recogen de manera ordenada y sistemática aquellas experiencias que resultan aconsejables en un determinado ámbito porque han arrojado resultados positivos y han demostrado su éxito y utilidad, de modo que merece la pena que se repitan y sean compartidas. Especialmente relevantes en el ámbito de las organizaciones del sector público, se mueven entre la tradición y la innovación y entre sus funciones están el reconocimiento de la misión de la actividad, la generación de conocimiento, el aprendizaje e innovación sobre la misma, la protección frente a presiones externas, la prevención de malas prácticas, la confianza y la ejemplaridad. Hay discusión sobre su valoración pero, como mínimo, deberían responder a un serie de requisitos: participación, flexibilidad, adhesión, accesibilidad, monitorización y difusión.Palabras clave: Buena práctica/mala práctica, modelo, ética, innovación, cultura organizacional.Abstract: The codes of best practices collect in an orderly and systematic way those experiences that are advisable in a certain field because they have yielded positive results and have shown their success and usefulness so that they are worth repeating and sharing. Especially relevant in the realm of public sector organizations, they move between tradition and innovation and among their functions are the recognition of the mission of the activity, the generation of knowledge, learning and innovation about it, protection against external pressures, the prevention of bad practices, trust, and exemplariness. There is discussion about their assessment but, at a minimum, they should respond to a series of requirements: participation, flexibility, adhesion, accessibility, monitoring and dissemination.Keywords: Best practice/bad practice, model, ethic, innovation, organizational culture.
Lenguaje claro (derecho a comprender el Derecho) = Plain Language (the right to understand the Law)
Authors: Arenas Arias Germán Jair 
Published: October 2018

Resumen: Desde hace algunos años se está promoviendo el uso de un lenguaje claro en los textos legales y formales para fortalecer el acceso a la información pública, la confianza en las instituciones, los mecanismos de control social y la certidumbre jurídica. Diferentes asociaciones internacionales y redes nacionales de lenguaje claro se han comprometido con lo que denominan el derecho a comprender la ley y la justicia. Este artículo reseña la construcción conceptual del lenguaje claro, sus orígenes en la teoría de la legislación moderna, su incidencia en las democracias contemporáneas y en las comunicaciones del Estado con sus ciudadanos. Palabras clave: Lenguaje jurídico, claridad, confianza, comunicación, transparencia, información pública. Abstract: For some years, the use of plain language has been promoted in legal and formal documents for strengthen access to public information, trust in institutions, social control mechanisms and legal security. Different international associations and national plain language networks have committed themselves to what they call the right to understand the law and justice. This article reviews the conceptual construction of plain language, its origins in the theory of modern legislation, its impact in contemporary democracies and in the communication between State and citizens.Keywords: Legal language, clarity, trust, communication, transparency, public information.
Reseña de: Ricardo Cueva Fernández (2017), Estudios sobre la libertad en América: de la federación republicana al desafío igualitario de la democracia
Authors: Alonso Mauricio Carlos 
Published: October 2018

Este artículo reseña: Ricardo Cueva Fernández Estudios sobre la libertad en América: de la federación republicana al desafío igualitario de la democracia , Alcalá de Henares, Servicio de Publicaciones UAH, 2017, 129 pp.
Application of Bacteriocins in Meat and Meat Products: An Update
Authors: Pilevar Zahra , Hosseini Hedayat , Beikzadeh Samira , Khanniri Elham , Alizadeh Adel Mirza 
Published: October 2018

:
Being an important source of human enteric diseases, microbiological safety is one of the
major risk concerns in the meat industry. In order to inhibit and inactivate microbial contamination
and extend the shelf life of meat products, different procedures have been practiced, including the
addition of bacteriocins as proteinaceous antagonistic preservatives. This article discusses the application
of bacteriocins which are capable of controlling the growth of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms
in meat and meat products. We identify possible ways to improve the performance of bacteriocins
ensuring food safety and toxicity. We first provide a brief introduction to the classification
of bacteriocins and then discuss their antimicrobial properties and mechanism of action alone and in
combination with other hurdles in meat and meat products. Moreover, application methods of bacteriocins
in meat products are described and cross-compared, introducing emerging meat products containing
bacteriocins.

:
Despite the existence of many reports related to the application of bacteriocin-producing strains of
lactic acid bacteria in meat products, very few review articles have attempted at evaluating the application
of bacteriocins in the red meat while observing their antimicrobial mechanism of action as
well as evaluating their applications in meat products. The application of these proteins in meat
products has received considerable attention; however, there are still some drawbacks and limitations
for their application. Characterization, identification, toxicity evaluation and investigating application
level of bacteriocins produced by meat borne/non-meat borne bacteria appears to be necessary in order
to increase the efficiency of extending shelf life and improving the microbial stability of meat
products.
Novolac-based Polymer-silver Nanoparticles Hybrid: Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Evaluation
Authors: Ghosh Samaresh , Acharyya Mridula , Mandal Santi M. 
Published: October 2018

Background:Hybrids, composed of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) dispersed inside a polymer matrix thus combining properties of both the components offer antibacterial activity and several advantages. Nevertheless, the development of antibacterial hybrid material comprising both novolac type phenolic resin and AgNPs remains one of the untouched issues in human healthcare.Objective:We report herein the simple preparation of hybrid derived from functionalized novolac resin and AgNPs. The hybrid was tested for antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria.Method and Results:Preparation and characterization of functionalized novolac resin and hybrid were achieved. Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 3160, Staphylococcus epidermidis NCIM2493, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Escherichia coli) were used to test the bactericidal efficiency of hybrid. The antibacterial effectiveness of hybrid was determined in terms of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In addition, treatment with hybrid caused cytoplasmic contents leakage evidencing membrane damage.Conclusion:The hybrid developed thus could provide opportunities to fabricate a wide range of antibacterial functional materials for different purposes in human health associated sectors.
An Automated Grading System for Detection of Vision-Threatening Referable Diabetic Retinopathy on the Basis of Color Fundus Photographs
Authors: Li Zhixi , Keel Stuart , Liu Chi , He Yifan , Meng Wei , Scheetz Jane , Lee Pei Ying , Shaw Jonathan , Ting Daniel , Wong Tien Yin , Taylor Hugh , Chang Robert , He Mingguang 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was to describe the development and validation of an artificial intelligence–based, deep learning algorithm (DLA) for the detection of referable diabetic retinopathy (DR).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A DLA using a convolutional neural network was developed for automated detection of vision-threatening referable DR (preproliferative DR or worse, diabetic macular edema, or both). The DLA was tested by using a set of 106,244 nonstereoscopic retinal images. A panel of ophthalmologists graded DR severity in retinal photographs included in the development and internal validation data sets (n = 71,043); a reference standard grading was assigned once three graders achieved consistent grading outcomes. For external validation, we tested our DLA using 35,201 images of 14,520 eyes (904 eyes with any DR; 401 eyes with vision-threatening referable DR) from population-based cohorts of Malays, Caucasian Australians, and Indigenous Australians.

RESULTS
Among the 71,043 retinal images in the training and validation data sets, 12,329 showed vision-threatening referable DR. In the internal validation data set, the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of the DLA for vision-threatening referable DR were 0.989, 97.0%, and 91.4%, respectively. Testing against the independent, multiethnic data set achieved an AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.955, 92.5%, and 98.5%, respectively. Among false-positive cases, 85.6% were due to a misclassification of mild or moderate DR. Undetected intraretinal microvascular abnormalities accounted for 77.3% of all false-negative cases.

CONCLUSIONS
This artificial intelligence–based DLA can be used with high accuracy in the detection of vision-threatening referable DR in retinal images. This technology offers potential to increase the efficiency and accessibility of DR screening programs.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SERVOVITE FILMS FORMED IN DURING FRICTION AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Authors: Burlakova V. E. , Drogan E. G. , Tyurin A. I. , Pirozhkova T. S. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction. The effect of the organic component nature in the systematic series of monocarboxylic acids on the tribological characteristics of the brass-steel friction pair in aqueous solutions is described. Dependence of the mechanical-and-physical properties of the antifriction films formed during friction on the nature of the lubricating composition is investigated. The work objectives are to study the applicability of carboxylic acids as an antifriction lubricant component; to assess their effect on the mechanical properties of the servovite film formed under the brass – steel friction.Materials and Methods. Tribological studies of the brass-steel friction pair on the AE-5 end-type friction machine are carried out. Roughness parameters of the servovite film were determined through the optical profilometry. The microgeometry and the object structure at the nanoscale were considered using atomic force microscopy. The mechanical characteristics of the antifriction film were investigated using the instrument nanoindentation.Research Results. Tribological characteristics of the brass-steel tribocoupling and mechanical-and-physical properties of the servovite film formed during friction in the “brass – aqueous solution of carboxylic acid – steel” system were studied. It is established that the friction factor reduces when increasing the hydrocarbon radical length. The dimensional effects are found in the mechanical and tribological properties of the servovite film formed on the surface of the friction interaction in the carboxylic acids.Discussion and Conclusions. The study results show that the friction interaction on the wearing surface in the aqueous solutions of carboxylic acids forms a nanostructured servovite film which drops the friction factor. Its mechanical, physical and tribological parameters depend on the composition of the model lubricating medium. It is determined that the local mechanical-and-physical properties depend on the method of producing the servovite layer, the load and the size of the deformation zone. The results obtained can be used in the development of lubricants.
REPAIRING THE MAIN SHAFT OF DRYER TOASTER
Authors: Lyudmirsky Y. G. , Assaulenko S. S. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction. The sources of damage and wear of the main shaft of the drier toaster are analyzed. The repair know-how and welding operations execution limitations which must be considered when developing the technique providing the restoration of the structure performance features are studied. The work objective is to develop a technique of repair without dismantling for the main toaster shaft. To solve the task, a design repair structure was installed, and postwelding operations that meet the engineering and regulatory requirements for this structure were performed.Materials and Methods. In “Kompas 3D” software, the following models were developed: integral shaft (project shaft design); damaged shaft as a result of long-term operation (more than 15 years); and damaged shaft with a welded repair structure. Numerical simulation of the stress-strain state (SSS) was carried out.Research Results. Software for the computational modeling of the repair structure SSS is developed. The repair shaft structure in which the maximum stresses do not exceed the shaft stresses in the project design is obtained using the model. To eliminate the aggressive medium effect on the corrosion fatigue strength of the shaft, an insulating method is used. A technique for mounting the repair structure to the shaft allowing for the outrun limitation 0.12 mm is developed.Discussion and Conclusions. Torsion shafts damaged deeply by wear and corrosion are considered. To restore their structural integrity, it is worthwhile using the following complex of techniques:— constructive (consists in the installation of optional parts that compensate for insufficient strength, and provides a reduction in stress concentration in the most loaded zones);— processing (reduces residual welding stresses due to the reasonable sequence of deformation that contributes to generating favorable residual compressive stresses);— isolation (is based on the application of anticorrosion coatings).The economic expediency of the developed repair technique is obvious. The repairing of the shaft without dismantling costs 180,000 rubles, while a new shaft costs 3.8 million rubles.