bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral health in end‐of‐life patients: A rapid review
Authors: Fitzgerald Richard , Gallagher Jennifer 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionMaintaining oral health is vital for every individual's quality of life. Little consideration, however, has been given to the oral health of patients approaching end‐of‐life, perhaps due to sensitivities over research ethics. The aim of this rapid review is to synthesize existing evidence on oral health in this population.Methods and resultsA rapid review of the literature was conducted using the key words: “Oral/Dental Health” in “End‐of‐life” or “Palliative care” patients. Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria: five retrospective cohort studies, ten cross sectional studies, two experimental studies, one systematic review, and one audit. Quality was medium to low.The prevalence of oral/dental conditions was high in the end‐of‐life population, as were self‐reported symptoms, and poor OHRQOL. Staff placed value on oral health but identified several barriers to providing both routine daily and professional dental care. Professional oral care was beneficial in relieving palliative specific conditions and providing guidance/training for daily care.ConclusionThere is a paucity of high quality research in relation to oral health at end‐of‐life. The existing literature suggests that oral health and oral health related quality of life are poor and professional support and care for this population is needed.
Maternal enhancing responses to adolescents’ positive affect: Associations with adolescents’ positive affect regulation and depression
Authors: Fredrick Joseph W. , Mancini Kathryn J. , Luebbe Aaron M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMounting evidence indicates that deficits in positive affect (PA) regulation are implicated in youth depression. Although parental responses to youths’ PA expressions have been linked to youth regulation of negative affect, no study has directly examined whether parental responses are linked with youth PA regulation strategies. The present study utilized a novel observational measure to test whether maternal active‐constructive responses to youths’ PA were uniquely associated with youth effective PA regulation strategies and, subsequently, depressive symptoms. Ninety‐two adolescents between the ages of 11 and 18 (Mage = 14.22, Girls = 62%) and their primary female caregivers (Mage = 41.40, 88% biological mothers) completed a series of questionnaires and engaged in a Plan a Day Trip interaction task. Results revealed that observed maternal active‐constructive responses to adolescents’ PA were uniquely associated with adolescents’ effective PA regulation strategies which, in turn, were related to lower depressive symptoms. These findings underscore the importance of parental responses to PA when sharing positive experiences for specifically targeting adolescents’ responses that generate and sustain PA.
mDiabetes initiative using text messages to improve lifestyle and health-seeking behaviour in India
Authors: Ramachandran Ambady , Kumar Rajeev , Nanditha Arun , Raghavan Arun , Snehalatha Chamukuttan , Krishnamoorthy Satheesh , Joshi Pradeep , Tesfaye Fikru 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundData on the use of mobile technology in public health are sparse. Text messaging is cost-effective in disseminating information to large communities. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, initiated and executed this mDiabetes programme.ObjectivesThe main objective of this commissioned study was to test the feasibility of using mobile technology to reach a large number of people to improve their lifestyle and health-seeking behaviour. Participants’ interest, acceptability and scope for improvement were assessed.MethodsThis mDiabetes observational study was done in India between 2016 and 2017. Text messages inviting registrations were sent to 130 million people in the country, mostly to the working class. Respondents (n=107 548) were registered by dialling a given phone number (missed phone call) or through a website. Based on the response, participants were grouped into six categories: persons with diabetes, pregnant/lactating women, high-risk individuals, healthcare professionals, elderly and normal population. They received 90 messages on healthy living during the 6 months. The impact of intervention was assessed at the third and sixth months by feedback messages. Telephonic interviews were conducted at 1 year in a subpopulation (n=855).ResultsThe registered respondents, 31 725, were grouped into six categories. 21.4% had diabetes and 5.3% had multiple risk factors. 15.6% responded to feedback messages. Among them, 57.2% followed a healthy diet, 72.3% practised advice on physical activity, 51.9% screened for diabetes and 67.3% checked their glycaemic status. The telephonic interviews showed that the programme was feasible and acceptable. The participants suggested use of interactive voice response system for registration and motivation.Discussion and conclusionThe study demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of mHealth in a large population to disseminate knowledge regarding diabetes and healthy lifestyle, and to improve health-seeking behaviour. It helped to identify the limitations and scope for future improvements.
Gut–brain axis biochemical signalling from the gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system: gut dysbiosis and altered brain function
Authors: Arneth Borros M 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe gut–brain axis facilitates a critical bidirectional link and communication between the brain and the gut. Recent studies have highlighted the significance of interactions in the gut–brain axis, with a particular focus on intestinal functions, the nervous system and the brain. Furthermore, researchers have examined the effects of the gut microbiome on mental health and psychiatric well-being.The present study reviewed published evidence to explore the concept of the gut–brain axis.AimsThis systematic review investigated the relationship between human brain function and the gut–brain axis.MethodsTo achieve these objectives, peer-reviewed articles on the gut–brain axis were identified in various electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, CIHAHL, Web of Science and PsycINFO.ResultsData obtained from previous studies showed that the gut–brain axis links various peripheral intestinal functions to brain centres through a broad range of processes and pathways, such as endocrine signalling and immune system activation. Researchers have found that the vagus nerve drives bidirectional communication between the various systems in the gut–brain axis. In humans, the signals are transmitted from the liminal environment to the central nervous system.ConclusionsThe communication that occurs in the gut–brain axis can alter brain function and trigger various psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia and depression. Thus, elucidation of the gut–brain axis is critical for the management of certain psychiatric and mental disorders.
Electronic structure and nearly room-temperature ferromagnetism in V-doped monolayer and bilayer MoS2
Authors: Mekonnen Sintayehu , Singh Pooran 
Published: July 2018

The electronic structure, magnetic properties and ferromagnetic transition temperature (Tc) of Vandium (V) doped monolayer (ML) and bilayer (BL) MoS2 are investigated using density function theory (DFT) plus on-site Hubbard potential correction (U). The results show that substitution of V dopant atom at the Mo sites are energetically favorable and magnetic interaction between two dopants in ML and BL MoS2 oscillates from ferromagnetic (FM) to antiferromagnetic (AF) depending on atomic distance between dopants. Our result also shows that a pair of V dopants in different layers of BL MoS2 interacts antiferromagnetically. Moreover, it is obtained that interlayer interaction in BL MoS2 affects the magnetic interaction in V-doped BL MoS2. The calculated ferromagnetic transition temperatures (Tc) value for impurity concentration of 12.5% and 22.22% are 242 and 285 K, respectively, for ML phase. However, for BL phase T[Formula: see text] values are 187 and 256 K for concentration of 6.25% and 11.11%, respectively, these values are closer to room-temperature. Our calculations indicate that, V-doped ML and BL MoS2 are promising candidates for 2D dilute magnetic semiconductors for spintronics applications.
Quantum Entanglement and the Emergence of Collaboration in Social Media
Authors: Solferino Nazaria , Solferino Viviana , Taurino Serena Fiona 
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we devise a slightly modified version of the vote with the wallet game used by Becchetti et al. [L. Becchetti and F. Salustri, The vote with the wallet as a multiplayer prisoner’s dilemma, CEIS Tor Vergata Research Paper No. 359, Vol. 13, Issue 10, Centre for Economic and International Studies, Rome, Italy (2015); L. Becchetti, V. Pelligra and F. Salustri, Testing for heterogeneity of preferences in randomized experiments: A satisfaction-based approach applied to multiple prisoner dilemmas, Appl. Econ. Lett. 24(10) (2017) 722–726] for the use of social media, where the player decides whether to responsibly share social knowledge or not. We follow the point of view of Bennet and Bennet [D. Bennet and A. Bennet, Social learning from the inside out: The creation and sharing of knowledge from the mind/brain perspective, in Social Knowledge: Using Social Media to Know What You Know, eds. J. P. Girard and J. L. Girard (IGI Global, 2011), pp. 1–23] according to which another social settings may emerge through the so-called “process of collaborative entanglement.” In this environment, members of a community interact continuously with strong emotional feelings to combine the sources of knowledge and the beneficiaries of that knowledge and move toward a common direction. The application of the model to the quantum game theory substantially confirms that the cooperative strategy becomes the optimal one depending on the frequency of interactions and people’s cultural, geographical and social reachability and traceability.
Repeated exposure to heat stress induces mitochondrial adaptation in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Hafen Paul S. , Preece Coray N. , Sorensen Jacob R. , Hancock Chad R. , Hyldahl Robert D. 
Published: July 2018

The heat stress response is associated with several beneficial adaptations that promote cell health and survival. Specifically, in vitro and animal investigations suggest that repeated exposures to a mild heat stress (~40°C) elicit positive mitochondrial adaptations in skeletal muscle comparable to those observed with exercise. To assess whether such adaptations translate to human skeletal muscle, we produced local, deep tissue heating of the vastus lateralis via pulsed shortwave diathermy in 20 men and women ( n = 10 men; n = 10 women). Diathermy increased muscle temperature by 3.9°C within 30 min of application. Immediately following a single 2-h heating session, we observed increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and ERK1/2 but not of p38 MAPK or JNK. Following repeated heat exposures (2 h daily for 6 consecutive days), we observed a significant cellular heat stress response, as heat shock protein 70 and 90 increased 45% and 38%, respectively. In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator-1 alpha and mitochondrial electron transport protein complexes I and V expression were increased after heating. These increases were accompanied by augmentation of maximal coupled and uncoupled respiratory capacity, measured via high-resolution respirometry. Our data provide the first evidence that mitochondrial adaptation can be elicited in human skeletal muscle in response to repeated exposures to mild heat stress.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Heat stress has been shown to elicit mitochondrial adaptations in cell culture and animal research. We used pulsed shortwave diathermy to produce deep tissue heating and explore whether beneficial mitochondrial adaptations would translate to human skeletal muscle in vivo. We report, for the first time, positive mitochondrial adaptations in human skeletal muscle following recurrent heat stress. The results of this study have clinical implications for many conditions characterized by diminished skeletal muscle mitochondrial function.
The MDM2/MDMX-p53 Antagonist PM2 Radiosensitizes Wild-Type p53 Tumors
Authors: Spiegelberg Diana , Mortensen Anja C. , Lundsten Sara , Brown Christopher J. , Lane David P. , Nestor Marika 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Radiotherapy amplifies p53 expression in cancer cells with wild-type (wt) p53. Blocking the negative regulators MDM2 and MDMX stabilizes p53 and may therefore potentiate radiotherapy outcomes. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of the novel anti-MDM2/X stapled peptide PM2 alone and in combination with external gamma radiation in vitro and in vivo. PM2 therapy combined with radiotherapy elicited synergistic therapeutic effects compared with monotherapy in cells with wt p53 in both in vitro and in vivo assays, whereas these effects did not manifest in p53 −/− cells. Biodistribution and autoradiography of 125I-PM2 revealed high and retained uptake homogenously distributed throughout the tumor. In mice carrying wt p53 tumors, PM2 combined with radiotherapy significantly prolonged the median survival by 50%, whereas effects of PM2 therapy on mutant and p53 −/− tumors were negligible. PM2-dependent stabilization of p53 was confirmed with ex vivo immunohistochemistry. These data demonstrate the potential of the stapled peptide PM2 as a radiotherapy potentiator in vivo and suggest that clinical application of PM2 with radiotherapy in wt p53 cancers might improve tumor control.
Significance: These findings contribute advances to cancer radiotherapy by using novel p53-reactivating stapled peptides as radiosensitizers in wild-type p53 cancers. Cancer Res; 78(17); 5084–93. ©2018 AACR.
Targeting USP7 Identifies a Metastasis-Competent State within Bone Marrow–Resident Melanoma CTCs
Authors: Vishnoi Monika , Boral Debasish , Liu Haowen , Sprouse Marc L. , Yin Wei , Goswami-Sewell Debalina , Tetzlaff Michael T. , Davies Michael A. , Oliva Isabella C. Glitza , Marchetti Dario 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Systemic metastasis is the major cause of death from melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer. Although most patients with melanoma exhibit a substantial gap between onset of primary and metastatic tumors, signaling mechanisms implicated in the period of metastatic latency remain unclear. We hypothesized that melanoma circulating tumor cells (CTC) home to and reside in the bone marrow during the asymptomatic phase of disease progression. Using a strategy to deplete normal cell lineages (Lin−), we isolated CTC-enriched cell populations from the blood of patients with metastatic melanoma, verified by the presence of putative CTCs characterized by melanoma-specific biomarkers and upregulated gene transcripts involved in cell survival and prodevelopment functions. Implantation of Lin− population in NSG mice (CTC-derived xenografts, i.e., CDX), and subsequent transcriptomic analysis of ex vivo bone marrow–resident tumor cells (BMRTC) versus CTC identified protein ubiquitination as a significant regulatory pathway of BMRTC signaling. Selective inhibition of USP7, a key deubiquinating enzyme, arrested BMRTCs in bone marrow locales and decreased systemic micrometastasis. This study provides first-time evidence that the asymptomatic progression of metastatic melanoma can be recapitulated in vivo using patient-isolated CTCs. Furthermore, these results suggest that USP7 inhibitors warrant further investigation as a strategy to prevent progression to overt clinical metastasis.
Significance: These findings provide insights into mechanism of melanoma recurrence and propose a novel approach to inhibit systematic metastatic disease by targeting bone marrow-resident tumor cells through pharmacological inhibition of USP7.
Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/18/5349/F1.large.jpg. Cancer Res; 78(18); 5349–62. ©2018 AACR.
Loss of XIST in Breast Cancer Activates MSN-c-Met and Reprograms Microglia via Exosomal miRNA to Promote Brain Metastasis
Authors: Xing Fei , Liu Yin , Wu Shih-Ying , Wu Kerui , Sharma Sambad , Mo Yin-Yuan , Feng Jiamei , Sanders Stephanie , Jin Guangxu , Singh Ravi , Vidi Pierre-Alexandre , Tyagi Abhishek , Chan Michael D. , Ruiz Jimmy , Debinski Waldemar , Pasche Boris C. , Lo Hui-Wen , Metheny-Barlow Linda J. , D'Agostino Ralph B , Watabe Kounosuke 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Up to 30% of patients with metastatic breast cancer eventually develop brain metastasis, yet the pathologic mechanism behind this development remains poorly understood. Here, we profiled long noncoding RNAs in brain metastatic tumors from patients with breast cancer and found that the X-inactive–specific transcript (XIST) was significantly downregulated in these tissues. XIST expression levels inversely correlated with brain metastasis, but not with bone metastasis in patients. Silencing of XIST preferentially promoted brain metastatic growth of XISThigh cells in our xenograft models. Moreover, knockout of XIST in mice mammary glands accelerated primary tumor growth as well as metastases in the brain. Decreased expression of XIST stimulated epithelial–mesenchymal transition and activated c-Met via MSN-mediated protein stabilization, which resulted in the promotion of stemness in the tumor cells. Loss of XIST also augmented secretion of exosomal miRNA-503, which triggered M1–M2 polarization of microglia. This M1–M2 conversion upregulated immune suppressive cytokines in microglia that suppressed T-cell proliferation. Furthermore, we screened an FDA-approved drug library and identified fludarabine as a synthetic lethal drug for XISTlow breast tumor cells and found that fludarabine blocked brain metastasis in our animal model. Our results indicate that XIST plays a critical role in brain metastasis in breast cancer by affecting both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment and that the XIST-mediated pathway may serve as an effective target for treating brain metastasis.
Significance: These findings describe mechanisms of how loss of the lncRNA XIST promotes brain metastasis in breast cancer and identify fludarabine as a potential therapeutic agent that specifically eliminates XISTlow tumor cells in the brain. Cancer Res; 78(15); 4316–30. ©2018 AACR.
Direct Targeting of the mTOR (Mammalian Target of Rapamycin) Kinase Improves Endothelial Permeability in Drug-Eluting Stents—Brief Report
Authors: Harari Emanuel , Guo Liang , Smith Samantha L. , Paek Ka Hyun , Fernandez Raquel , Sakamoto Atsushi , Mori Hiroyoshi , Kutyna Matthew D. , Habib Anwer , Torii Sho , Cornelissen Anne , Jinnouchi Hiroyuki , Gupta Anuj , Kolodgie Frank D. , Virmani Renu , Finn Aloke V. 
Published: July 2018

Objective—
Drug-eluting stents eluting canonical mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitors are widely used to treat coronary artery disease but accelerate the development of atherosclerosis within the stent (neoatherosclerosis)—a leading cause of late stent failure. We recently showed that canonical mTOR inhibitors bind FKBP12.6 (12.6-kDa FK506–binding protein 12), displace it from calcium release channels, resulting in activation of PKCα (protein kinase Cα) and dissociation of p-120-catenin (p120) from VE-CAD (vascular endothelial cadherin; promoting endothelial barrier dysfunction [EBD]). However, the relevance of these findings to drug-eluting stents remains unknown. Newer generation direct mTOR kinase inhibitors do not bind FKBP12.6 and offer the potential of improving endothelial barrier function while maintaining antirestenotic efficacy, but their actual effects are unknown. We examined the effects of 2 different pharmacological targeting strategies—canonical mTOR inhibitor everolimus and mTOR kinase inhibitors Torin-2—on EBD after stenting.

Approach and Results—
Using the rabbit model of stenting and a combination of Evans blue dye, confocal and scanning electron microscopy studies, everolimus-eluting stents resulted in long-term EBD compared with bare metal stents. EBD was mitigated by using stents that eluted mTOR kinase inhibitors (Torin-2–eluting stent). At 60 days after stent placement, everolimus-eluting stents demonstrated large areas of Evans blue dye staining and evidence of p120 VE-CAD dissociation consistent with EBD. These findings were absent in bare metal stents and significantly attenuated in Torin-2–eluting stent. As proof of concept of the role of EBD in neoatherosclerosis, 100 days after stenting, animals were fed an enriched cholesterol diet for an additional 30 days. Everolimus-eluting stents demonstrated significantly more macrophage infiltration (consistent with neoatherosclerosis) compared with both bare metal stents and Torin-2–eluting stent.

Conclusions—
Our results pinpoint interactions between FKBP12.6 and canonical mTOR inhibitors as a major cause of vascular permeability and neoatherosclerosis, which can be overcome by using mTOR kinase inhibitors. Our study suggests further refinement of molecular targeting of the mTOR complex may be a promising strategy (Graphic Abstract).
Taxonomy of the genus Labronema Thorne, 1939 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Dorylaimidae) with redescription of its type species, L. ferox Thorne, 1939
Authors: Peña-Santiago Reyes 
Published: July 2018

SummaryLabronema feroxis redescribed on the basis of two females and four males from the USA. It is characterised by its 2.90-4.45 mm long body, lip region offset by deep constriction, 31-39 μm broad and slightly sucker-like with distinctly protruding perioral liplets, odontostyle 34-37 μm long with aperture occupying 37-42% its length, neck 673-883 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 48-52% of total neck length, female genital system didelphic-amphidelphic, uterus long and complex, including an intermediatepars musculosa, vulva longitudinal (V = 51-54), caudal region short and rounded (27-39 μm, c = 93-135,), spicules 76-89 μm long, and 20-25 nearly contiguous ventromedian supplements with an hiatus. Previous information about the species is analysed and discussed in the light of the present redescription. A new name,Labronemella zulliniisp. n., is proposed for the two females from Nepal described by Zullini in 1973. This new characterisation ofL. feroxlays the foundations to study the taxonomy of the genus in more detail.
Gibberellin reduces the susceptibility of rice, Oryza sativa, to the migratory nematode Hirschmanniella oryzae
Authors: Bauters Lander , Hossain Mohammod , Nahar Kamrun , Gheysen Godelieve 
Published: July 2018

Summary
Upon pathogen attack, the plant defence response is mediated by a set of connected signal transduction pathways, guided by several classes of plant hormones. In this study, experiments were conducted to observe the role of the plant hormone gibberellic acid in the response of rice to infection by the migratory root-rot nematode Hirschmanniella oryzae. Foliar treatments with gibberellic acid showed a negative effect on H. oryzae infection in the roots. Analyses of mutant rice lines impaired in the production or signalling of gibberellic acid confirmed the effect of the plant hormone on H. oryzae infection. Taken together, the results clearly indicate that gibberellic acid has a positive effect on the capability of the rice plant to fend off an infection by the migratory nematode H. oryzae.