bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Siegecraft on the Tudor frontier: the siege of Dublin, 1534, and the crisis of the Kildare rebellion
Authors: Ellis Steven G. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In retrospect, the turning point in the Kildare rebellion came with the rebels’ failure to capture Dublin, and the ordnance, shot and powder in the king's castle there, during the long siege in summer and autumn 1534, in part because, as this article argues, the city's capture had not initially been seen as an immediate priority. Kildare kept back most of his ordnance and gunners to defend Maynooth castle, and historians have focused instead on the brief siege and capture of Maynooth by the king's army in March. Richard Stanyhurst's description of the rebellion, written forty years later, includes much fiction and special pleading; but Dublin was Stanyhurst's native city, and his Chronicle provides the fullest account of the siege. It is here checked against available contemporary sources, suggesting that it is reliable.
Dietary Fibers from Fruits and Vegetables and Their Health Benefits via Modulation of Gut Microbiota
Authors: Cui Jiefen , Lian Yunhe , Zhao Chengying , Du Hengjun , Han Yanhui , Gao Wei , Xiao Hang , Zheng Jinkai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDietary fibers (DFs) regulate host health through various mechanisms related to their dietary sources, specific physicochemical structures, fermentability, and physiological properties in the gut. Considering the numerous types and sources of DFs and their different physicochemical and physiological properties, it is challenging yet important to establish the key mechanisms for the beneficial health effects of DFs. In this review, the types and structures of DFs from different fruits and vegetables were summarized and the effects of different processing methods on DF properties were discussed. Moreover, the impacts of DFs on gut microbial ecology, host physiology, and health were described. Understanding the complex interaction between different DFs and gut microbiota is vital for personalized nutrition. It is also important to comprehend factors influencing gut microbiota and strategies to regulate the microbiota, thereby augmenting beneficial health responses. The exploration of molecular mechanism linking DFs, gut microbiota, and host physiology may allow for the identification of effective targets to fight against major chronic diseases.
Sensory Influence of Sweetener Addition on Traditional and Decaffeinated Espresso
Authors: Cusielo Kalinca Vitoria Cardoso , da Silva Alessandra Cazelatto de Medeiros Lins , Tavares‐Filho Elson Rogerio , Bolini Helena Maria André 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSeveral factors have led to an increase in the consumption of sweeteners in substitution of sucrose. Studies on the behavior and the sensory properties of sweeteners are relevant, once they provide knowledge about both the adequate sweetener concentration with a sweetness equivalence to a sucrose‐sweetened product and the possible sensory changes of the product. The addition of stevia with different rebaudioside A concentrations and sucralose to traditional and decaffeinated espresso coffee was studied, using the just‐about‐right scale and magnitude estimation method, to determine the ideal sweetness and the acceptance of the samples. The effect of the intensity of sensory attributes sweet taste, bitter taste, coffee flavor, and body in the acceptance was evaluated by penalty analysis. Decaffeinated presented proportionally lower sucrose concentration and sweetness equivalence than the traditional samples. Stevia concentrations were similar, despite the different rebaudioside A concentrations, for both traditional and decaffeinated samples, and rebaudioside A levels from stevia in espresso have no differences in sweetness intensity. Sucralose was the most intense sweetener in espresso. Although no differences were observed in the acceptance test in relation to appearance, aroma, and texture among the samples, the internal preference map showed segmentation of consumers with respect to the acceptability. This segmentation is more related to the type of sample than the added sweetener. Penalty analysis demonstrated that the most penalizing sensory characteristics were “coffee flavor” and “sweet,” leading to a significant decrease in the acceptability of the samples.Practical ApplicationConclusions obtained are important source of knowledge for the coffee industry, in the development and manufacture of beverages with coffee. The present findings can help to understand the behavior and the sensory properties of sweeteners. They provide knowledge about sensory perception of sweet and bitter tastes, and the factors that influence this perception and the sensory profile of the samples, once the behavior of sweeteners varies according to the product to which they are added.
Saliva‐derived cfDNA is applicable for EGFR mutation detection but not for quantitation analysis in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ding Shanshan , Song Xingguo , Geng Xinran , Liu Lele , Ma Hongxin , Wang Xiujuan , Wei Ling , Xie Li , Song Xianrang 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundBoth quantitative and qualitative aspects of plasma cell‐free DNA (plasma cfDNA, pcfDNA) have been well‐studied as potential biomarkers in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Accumulating evidence has proven that saliva also has the potential for the detection and analysis of circulating free DNA (saliva cfDNA, scfDNA).MethodsIn the current study, we aimed to explore the potential application of scfDNA in NSCLC diagnostics and consistency of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation detection in paired pcfDNA and scfDNA using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and analyze the relationship between EGFR mutations and clinical treatment response.ResultsIn the quantitative cohort study, scfDNA concentration in NSCLC patients was no different from that in healthy donors, or in benign patients. ScfDNA concentration was significantly lower than pcfDNA concentration, yet they were not statistically significant in relevance (Spearman's rank correlation r = −0.123, P = 0.269). In the qualitative cohort study, the overall concordance rate of EGFR mutations between pcfDNA and scfDNA was 83.78% (31 of 37; k = 0.602; P < 0.001). EGFR mutation detection in paired pcfDNA and scfDNA was significantly correlated with the clinical treatment response (Spearman's rank correlation r = 0.664, P = 0.002).ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that saliva might not be the idea material for a cfDNA quantitative test, and scfDNA concentration is not applicable for NSCLC diagnostics. Conversely, scfDNA was capable of acting as the supplement for EGFR mutations due to the coincidence rate of EGFR mutation detection between scfDNA and pcfDNA.
Cannabinoid receptor modulation changes the accumbal neuronal responses to morphine in the reinstatement of morphine‐induced conditioned place preference
Authors: Khaleghzadeh‐Ahangar Hossein , Haghparast Abbas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a central component of the brain reward system. It has been known that most of the drugs of abuse such as opioids and cannabinoids affect the NAc. Although cannabinoids can modulate different stages of morphine encounter such as the reinstatement of morphine‐induced conditioned place preference (CPP), there is no evidence for the NAc neurons' response to prove it. That is why the present study was designed. The procedure was as follows: The rats were entered to CPP by sc 5 mg/kg morphine in three consecutive days. During the extinction period or in the reinstatement phase, icv WIN 55,212‐2 (10mM/5 μL dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] 10%) or AM251 (0.5mM/5‐μL DMSO 10%) was infused in separate groups. Also, the NAc neurons' response to cannabinoid modulation in reinstatement to morphine was investigated by extracellular single unit recording. As a result, the cannabinoid in the reinstatement phase decreased the NAc neuronal activity. The CB1 receptor inhibition during the extinction period increased the NAc firing rate after ip 1 mg/kg morphine. Also, the inhibition of this receptor in the reinstatement phase increased the NAc neurons' firing rate. The inhibitory effect of cannabinoid on the NAc neuronal activity in the reinstatement has indicated the possible potency of cannabinoid to induce reinstatement of morphine‐induced CPP alone and in the absence of a priming dose of morphine. Also, the different effects of the CB1 agonist during the extinction period in the reinstatement phase suggest different mechanisms underlying these two parts.
Exotic vine invasions following cyclone disturbance in Australian Wet Tropics rainforests: A review
Authors: Camarero Paula 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Australian Wet Tropics region extends for almost 900 000 ha along the coastline of north‐east Queensland. The rainforests in this region have a rich and unique biodiversity and are World Heritage listed by UNESCO. Disturbance from tropical cyclones is a significant driver of the rainforest dynamics in this area, and when frequent or intense can facilitate the recruitment and expansion of exotic invasive species. Exotic vines are of particular concern for forest conservation as they can be highly competitive with native vegetation and may prevent forest regeneration. This literature review found evidence that fragmented forests, which are very common in the Australian Wet Tropics, are vulnerable to post‐cyclone vine invasion. In particular, although the diversity and abundance of herbaceous vines tend to decline as the canopy closes 2 years post‐cyclone disturbance, woody exotic vines and scramblers may persist for much longer or even increase in numbers. Since forest recovery in these systems is influenced by the severity and recurrence of disturbance, an increase in cyclone intensity under climate change may cause rapid changes in rainforest structure, composition and diversity, and increase exotic vine invasion. Post‐cyclone management of vines appears to require direct intervention, with manual cutting being currently the most effective method. However, there are a number of difficulties to its wide implementation in Australia, and further study on options for control is needed.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Coalition Government, Legislative Institutions, and Public Policy in Parliamentary Democracies
Authors: Martin Lanny W. , Vanberg Georg 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMost democracies are governed by coalitions, comprising multiple political parties with conflicting policy positions. The prevalence of these governments poses a significant question: Which parties' electoral commitments are ultimately reflected in government policy? Recent theories have challenged our understanding of multiparty government, arguing that the relative influence of coalition parties depends crucially on institutional context. Specifically, where institutions allow credible enforcement of bargains, policy should reflect a compromise among all governing parties; where such institutions are absent, the preferences of parties controlling the relevant ministries should prevail. Critically, empirical work has thus far failed to provide direct evidence for this conditional relationship. Analyzing changes in social protection policies in 15 parliamentary democracies, we provide the first systematic evidence that the strength of legislative institutions significantly shapes the relative policy influence of coalition parties. Our findings have implications for our understanding of coalition government, policymaking, and electoral responsiveness.
Improved aftercare in LVAD patients: Development and feasibility of a smartphone application as a first step for telemonitoring
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Mewes Philipp , Hoffmann Jan‐Dirk , Müller‐von Aschwege Frerk , Glitza Jenny I. , Schmitto Jan D. , Schulte‐Eistrup Sebastian , Sindermann Jürgen R. , Reiss Nils 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFor the success of the treatment with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD), both adequate self‐management by the patient and an optimum level of support from the implanting hospital are crucial. A smartphone application has recently been developed within the framework of a European research project for the close monitoring of LVAD patients in order to improve upon their current aftercare situation. Using this new tool, different relevant parameters (eg, weight, international normalized ratio [INR], medication, LVAD parameters, symptoms, and photos of the driveline exit) can be sent daily or as required to a corresponding clinical application at the hospital for evaluation. The objective of this study was to monitor the functionality, acceptance, and usability of this smartphone application in LVAD patients. Prospective single‐center study: in total, 13 patients (60 ± 7 years, 92% male, 1027 ± 653 days after LVAD implantation) were requested to test the application for approx. 4 weeks. At the end of the study, all entered data were evaluated and the patients were questioned regarding the acceptance and the usability. During the study period of mean 34 ± 8 days, a total of 453 data records (mean 35 ± 7 per patient) arrived at the hospital. In addition, a total of 19 photos of the driveline exit site were also sent via smartphone. The clinical application registered a total of 160 conspicuities. These comprised 126 INR deviations (target range 2.3‐2.8) and 34 symptoms (mainly nosebleeds). The smartphone application functioned reliably, was well received by the patients and was graded highly for acceptance and usability. The results show that smartphone applications can definitely be used to improve aftercare in LVAD therapy in selected patients. Long‐term studies are now needed to investigate the extent to which complications can be prevented, healthcare costs reduced, and quality of life increased.
Unpacking the Ontological Foundation of North Korea's Ambivalent Foreign Policy: Brinkmanship as Rationality
Authors: Yamamoto Andrei 
Published: August 2019

Despite strong consensus regarding the rationale behind North Korea’s nuclear ambitions, namely to guarantee the regime’s survival, this paper investigates (1) why North Korea continuously engaged in provocations such as testing its nuclear and missile technologies despite its increasingly mature nuclear arsenal and thus its relatively high resilience vis‐à‐vis external interventions; and (2) why the USA was so successful at (temporarily) making North Korea cease such undertakings. Status Theory, a novel theory developed herein, is applied to provide an explanation for this phenomenon.Status Theory aims at shedding light on this crisis through its distinction between prestige and respect. It is hypothesized that Pyongyang places great importance on enforcing respect from Washington, while increasing its prestige domestically through frequent tests of its military capabilities. The post‐June 12th détente, albeit presumably temporary, is considered conducive to Kim’s status and is thus instrumental for the regime’s ontological security, but it is not conducive to denuclearization.
Supplemental periodontal regeneration by vertical ridge augmentation around dental implants. A preclinical in vivo experimental study
Authors: Lee Changseok , Kim Sungtae , Kim Junhwan , Namgung Dajeong , Kim Kyounghwa , Ku Young 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the supplemental periodontal regeneration on adjacent teeth by vertical ridge augmentation around dental implants.Material and methodsThe second premolar and the fourth premolar were extracted from both sides of the mandible in four beagle dogs. After 2 months, defects of 3 mm and 5 mm deep were formed. In the test group, vertical ridge augmentation was performed around a dental implant, and in the control group, vertical ridge augmentation was performed without implant placement. The animals were euthanized 3 months after the procedure, and radiographic and histomorphometric analyses were performed.ResultsOverall, the test group showed better results than the control group. The presence of new cementum in the histological examination of the test group confirmed that vertical ridge augmentation with proper space maintaining could contribute to periodontal regeneration of adjacent teeth. Statistically significant difference in new bone height (%) was found in group I (5‐mm defect depth and implant placement, GBR) when compared with group III (5‐mm defect depth, GBR) and IV (3‐mm defect depth, GBR). New bone area (%) was statistically different between groups I and IV.ConclusionsIn conclusion, within the limitation of this study using mandibular residual ridges after extraction of a single tooth in dogs, grafted space was maintained by dental implants better in the deep defect (5‐mm depth) than the shallow defect (3‐mm depth). Vertical ridge augmentation around dental implants also promoted neighboring periodontal regeneration.
Behavioural impairments in mice of a novel FUS transgenic line recapitulate features of frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Lysikova Ekaterina A. , Kukharsky Michail S. , Chaprov Kirill D. , Vasilieva Nataliia A. , Roman Andrei Y. , Ovchinnikov Ruslan K. , Deykin Alexey V. , Ninkina Natalia , Buchman Vladimir L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMultiple clinical and experimental evidences suggest that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are members of a disease continuum. Pathological inclusions of fused in sarcoma (FUS) protein have been observed in subsets of patients with these diseases but their anatomical distribution is different for two diseases. These structures are present in motor neurons in ALS cases but in cortical neurons in FTLD cases. Expression of a C‐terminally truncated form of human FUS causes an early onset and progressive motor neuron pathology in transgenic mice but only when these neurons express a certain level of this protein. Severe motor dysfunction and early lethality of mice with expression above this level prevent their use for studies of FTLD‐related pathology caused by expression of this form of FUS. In the present study, we used another line of mice expressing the same protein but not developing any signs of motor system dysfunction due to substantially lower level of transgene expression in motor neurons. In a set of tests 5‐month old mice displayed certain behavioural abnormalities, including increased impulsivity, decreased anxiety and compromised social interaction, which recapitulate behaviour characteristics typically seen in FTLD patients.
Treatment patterns of antihypertensive fixed‐dose combinations according to age and number of agents prescribed: Retrospective analysis using a Japanese claims database
Authors: Ishida Takayuki , Oh Akinori , Nishigaki Nobuhiro , Tsuchihashi Takuya 
Published: August 2019

AimTo determine the real‐world use of fixed‐dose combinations (FDC) of antihypertensive agents using data collected from a nationwide medical database of acute hospitals in Japan.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective analysis of data from the Medical Data Vision database for patients with hypertension who received an antihypertensive drug prescription between April 2014 and March 2015. The prescription rate of antihypertensive FDC were assessed by class, age and according to combinations.ResultsIn total, data from 59 867 patients aged 70.0 ± 11.9 years (mean ± SD) were analyzed. Patients were prescribed 1.9 ± 1.0 oral antihypertensive agents (mean ± SD). Overall, 58.6% of patients were prescribed two or more antihypertensive agents, and the most frequently prescribed classes were calcium channel blockers (CCB) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB). As the number of concomitant antihypertensive agents prescribed increased, the prescription rate of a CCB + an ARB FDC decreased, whereas the prescription rate of an ARB + a diuretic FDC increased. This trend was the same regardless of age. Of the 12 222 patients who were prescribed a CCB + an ARB, 26.0% received a FDC. In contrast, of the 922 patients prescribed an ARB + a thiazide diuretic, 80.6% received a FDC. Medium doses of both CCB and ARB agents, and low doses of diuretics were the most frequently prescribed for each class.ConclusionsOur analyses show that the real‐world use of FDC varies depending on the combination of agent class and the number of prescriptions; the latter was similar regardless of age. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1077–1083.
Understanding the evolution of the entrepreneurial university. The case of English Higher Education institutions
Authors: Sánchez‐Barrioluengo Mabel , Uyarra Elvira , Kitagawa Fumi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere has been strong policy interest in universities becoming more entrepreneurial and engaging in knowledge exchange activities as part of an expanding third mission agenda. However, our understanding of the evolution and diversity of such activities is limited. Using longitudinal data from the Higher Education Business Community Interaction (HEBCI) Survey, this study examines the evolving configuration of universities' knowledge exchange activities and stakeholders by analysing distinctive clusters of English universities. We find an increasingly diverse profile of third mission activities across different types of universities: within old, more established universities, Russell Group universities increasingly focus on research‐oriented activities typically in partnership with large firms and non‐commercial organisations; while another group engages in a broad range of knowledge exchange activities with low specialisation over time. Newer, less research intensive, universities increasingly rely on activities such as consultancy and formation of spin‐offs. A decreased engagement with small and medium enterprises and a lower share of knowledge exchange activities at the regional level are observed across the time studied for all universities.
Low‐temperature sintering and electrical properties of BBSZ glass‐doped ZnO‐based multilayer varistors
Authors: Lu Yongcheng , Li Yuanxun , Peng Rui , Su Hua , Tao Zhihua , Chen Mingzhou , Chen Daming 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe effect of Bi2O3‐B2O3‐SiO2‐ZnO glass (denoted as BBSZ) content on the densification, microstructure, and electrical properties of ZnO‐based multilayer varistors (MLVs) has been investigated. In ZnO‐based (MLVs), BBSZ acted as a promoter in ZnO grain growth, which increased the grain size of ZnO, resulting in a decrease in breakdown voltage. Results showed that the adding of BBSZ glass had an improvement in densification and overall properties of MLVs. It was found that a maximum value of 5.45 g/cm3 of the bulk density and the optimum properties (V1mA = 27.28 V, α = 40.33, IL = 0.75 μA, Ip = 35 A) of ZnO‐based MLVs were achieved with 3 wt% BBSZ glass sintered at 925°C for 3 hours.