bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air pollution exposure and lung function until age 16 years: the PIAMA birth cohort study
Authors: Milanzi Edith B. , Koppelman Gerard H. , Smit Henriette A. , Wijga Alet H. , Oldenwening Marieke , Vonk Judith M. , Brunekreef Bert , Gehring Ulrike 
Published: August 2018

Evidence for the effects of air pollution exposure on lung function growth into adolescence is scarce. We investigated associations of air pollution exposure with lung function and lung function growth until age 16.We conducted both longitudinal (n=915) and cross-sectional (n=721) analyses of associations of air pollution exposure with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) growth from ages eight to 16 and FEV1and FVC at age 16. We estimated residential concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), “soot” and particulate matter (PMx, where x is the 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter in µm) with diameters of <2.5 µm (PM2.5), <10 µm (PM10) and 2.5–10 µm (PMcoarse) during the preschool, primary school and secondary school time windows by land use regression models. Associations with (growth in) FEV1and FVC were analysed by linear (mixed effects) regression.Higher air pollution exposure was associated with reduced FEV1growth (e.g.adjusted difference −0.26% (95% CI −0.49 to −0.03%) per interquartile range increase in secondary school PM2.5) and lower FEV1(adjusted difference −2.36% (95% CI −3.76 to −0.94%)), but was not adversely associated with FVC. Associations with FEV1were stronger in boys than girls and were not modified by asthma status.Higher air pollution exposure may lead to increased airway obstruction, but not reduced lung volume in adolescence.
Clinically relevant differences in COPD health status: systematic review and triangulation
Authors: Alma Harma , de Jong Corina , Tsiligianni Ioanna , Sanderman Robbert , Kocks Janwillem , van der Molen Thys 
Published: August 2018

The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) quantifies when measured differences can be considered clinically relevant. This study aims to review and triangulate MCIDs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) health status tools.A systematic search in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library was conducted (Prospero #CRD42015023221). Study details, patient characteristics, MCID methodology and estimates were assessed and extracted by two authors. A triangulated mean was obtained for each tool's MCID, with two-thirds weighting for anchor-based and one-third for distribution-based results. This was then multiplied by a weighted factor based upon the study size and quality rating.Overall, 785 records were reviewed of which 21 studies were included for analysis. MCIDs of 12 tools were presented. General quality and risk of bias were average to good. Triangulated MCIDs for the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were −2.54, −0.43 and −7.43 for improvement. Too few and/or too diverse studies were present to triangulate MCIDs of other tools.Evidence for the MCID of the CAT and CCQ was strong and triangulation was valid. Currently used MCIDs in clinical practice for the SGRQ (4) and Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (0.5) did not match the reviewed content, for which the MCIDs were much higher. Using too low MCIDs may lead to an overestimation of the interpretation of treatment effects. MCIDs for deterioration were scarce, which highlights the need for more research.
Quantitative high-resolution computed tomography fibrosis score: performance characteristics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Humphries Stephen M. , Swigris Jeffrey J. , Brown Kevin K. , Strand Matthew , Gong Qi , Sundy John S. , Raghu Ganesh , Schwarz Marvin I. , Flaherty Kevin R. , Sood Rohit , O'Riordan Thomas G. , Lynch David A. 
Published: August 2018

We evaluated performance characteristics and estimated the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of data-driven texture analysis (DTA), a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT)-derived measurement of lung fibrosis, in subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).The study population included 141 subjects with IPF from two interventional clinical trials who had both baseline and nominal 54- or 60-week follow-up HRCT. DTA scores were computed and compared with forced vital capacity (FVC), diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, distance covered during a 6-min walk test and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire scores to assess the method's reliability, validity and responsiveness. Anchor- and distribution-based methods were used to estimate its MCID.DTA had acceptable reliability in subjects appearing stable according to anchor variables at follow-up. Correlations between the DTA score and other clinical measurements at baseline were moderate to weak and in the hypothesised directions. Acceptable responsiveness was demonstrated by moderate to weak correlations (in the directions hypothesised) between changes in the DTA score and changes in other parameters. Using FVC as an anchor, MCID was estimated to be 3.4%.Quantification of lung fibrosis extent on HRCT using DTA is reliable, valid and responsive, and an increase of ∼3.4% represents a clinically important change.
Personalized treatment based on mini patient‐derived xenografts and WES/RNA sequencing in a patient with metastatic duodenal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Peng , Chen Hui , Wen Danyi , Mou Shuo , Zhang Feifei , Zheng Shusen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundTreatment guidelines for a variety of cancers have been increasingly used in clinical practice, and have resulted in major improvement in patient outcomes. However, recommended regimens (even first‐line treatments) are clearly not ideal for every patients. In the present study, we used mini patient‐derived xenograft (mini‐PDX) and next‐generation sequencing to develop personalized treatment in a patient with metastatic duodenal adenocarcinoma.MethodsResected metachronous metastatic tumor tissues were implanted into SCID mice to determine the sensitivity to a variety of drug regimens. Mutation profiles were assessed using both DNA whole‐exome sequencing (DNA–WES) and RNA sequencing. The results of the analyses were used to select optimal treatment for the patient with metastatic duodenal adenocarcinoma.ResultsAssessment with mini‐PDX models took only 7 days. The results showed high sensitivity to S‐1 plus cisplatin, gemcitabine plus cisplatin and everolimus alone. The patient received gemcitabine plus cisplatin initially, but the treatment was terminated due to toxicity. The patient was then switched to treatment with S‐1 alone. The overall disease‐free survival was 34 months. DNA–WES and RNA sequencing identified KRAS mutation (A146T), TP53 (C229Yfs*10) and RICTOR amplification in the metastatic duodenal adenocarcinoma. These findings provided further support to the results of the mini‐PDX, and suggest mTOR inhibitors should be used if and when relapse eventually occurs in this patient.ConclusionsMini‐PDX model combined with WES/RNA sequencing can rapidly assess drug sensitivity in cancer patients and reveal key genetic alterations. Further research on this technology for personalized therapy in patients with refractory malignant tumors is warranted.
Going for Broke: A Longitudinal Study of Patient-Reported Financial Sacrifice in Cancer Care
Authors: Chino Fumiko , Peppercorn Jeffrey M. , Rushing Christel , Nicolla Jonathan , Kamal Arif H. , Altomare Ivy , Samsa Greg , Zafar S. Yousuf 
Published: August 2018

Purpose: Patients with cancer are at risk for substantial treatment-related costs; however, little is known about patients’ willingness to sacrifice to receive cancer care and how their attitudes and burden may change with time. Patients and Methods: We conducted a longitudinal survey of insured patients with solid tumor cancers receiving chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. Patients were surveyed at two time points about their willingness to make financial sacrifices and their actual sacrifices, including out-of-pocket costs. Patient attitudes and sacrifices were compared over time. Results: Of 349 patients approached, 300 completed the baseline survey (86% response) and 245 completed the follow-up survey 3 months later (82% retention). Median patient-reported cancer-related out-of-pocket costs for patients who completed both surveys were $393 per month (range, $0 to $26,586 per month) at baseline and $328 per month (range, $0 to $8,210 per month) at follow-up. At baseline, 49% were willing to declare personal bankruptcy, 38% were willing to sell their homes, and ≥ 65% were willing to make other sacrifices, including borrowing money to afford their cancer care. Upon follow-up, there were minor decreases in willingness; the maximum net change was a 7% decline in patients willing to declare bankruptcy. Actual sacrifice increased over time; the greatest increase was in patients who used their savings (increased from 41% to 54%). Conclusion: A large proportion of insured patients with cancer were willing to make considerable personal and financial sacrifices to receive care; these attitudes did not change greatly over time. Shared decision making is important to ensure patients fully understand the goals, risks, and benefits of therapy before they make such personal sacrifices.
Process Optimization and Digital Quality Improvement to Enhance Timely Initiation of Epidural Infusions and Postoperative Pain Control
Authors: Shah Aalap C. , Nair Bala G. , Spiekerman Charles F. , Bollag Laurent A. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:
Although intraoperative epidural analgesia improves postoperative pain control, a recent quality improvement project demonstrated that only 59% of epidural infusions are started in the operating room before patient arrival in the postanesthesia care unit. We evaluated the combined effect of process and digital quality improvement efforts on provider compliance with starting continuous epidural infusions during surgery.

METHODS:
In October 2014, we instituted 2 process improvement initiatives: (1) an electronic order queue to assist the operating room pharmacy with infusate preparation; and (2) a designated workspace for the storage of equipment related to epidural catheter placement and drug infusion delivery. In addition, we implemented a digital quality improvement initiative, an Anesthesia Information Management System–mediated clinical decision support, to prompt anesthesia providers to start and document epidural infusions in pertinent patients. We assessed anesthesia provider compliance with epidural infusion initiation in the operating room and postoperative pain-related outcomes before (PRE: October 1, 2012 to September 31, 2014) and after (POST: January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016) implementation of the quality improvement initiatives.

RESULTS:
Compliance with starting intraoperative epidural infusions was 59% in the PRE group and 85% in the POST group. After adjustment for confounders and preintervention time trends, segmented regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in compliance with the intervention in the POST phase (odds ratio, 2.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.73–4.49; P < .001). In the PRE and POST groups, cumulative postoperative intravenous opioid use (geometric mean) was 62 and 34 mg oral morphine equivalents, respectively. A segmented regression analysis did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference (P = .38) after adjustment for preintervention time trends.

CONCLUSIONS:
Process workflow optimization along with Anesthesia Information Management System–mediated digital quality improvement efforts increased compliance to intraoperative epidural infusion initiation. Adjusted for preintervention time trends, these findings coincided with a statistically insignificant decrease in postoperative opioid use in the postanesthesia care unit during the POST phase.
Repetitive Head Impacts in Football Do Not Impair Dynamic Postural Control
Authors: BUCKLEY THOMAS A. , OLDHAM JESSIE R. , WATSON DANIEL J. , MURRAY NICHOLAS G. , MUNKASY BARRY A. , EVANS KELSEY M. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of repetitive head impacts experienced by football players compared to noncontact athletes on dynamic postural control during both single-task (ST) and dual-task (DT) conditions.

Methods
Thirty-four football players wearing accelerometer instrumented helmets and 13 cheerleaders performed a dynamic postural control battery, consisting of ST and DT gait initiation, gait, and gait termination, both prior to and following the football season. A 2 (group) × 2 (time) repeated measures ANOVA compared performance across 32 dynamic postural outcomes. A linear regression was performed on postural control change scores with common head impact kinematics serving as the independent variables.

Results
The football players experienced a mean of 538.1 ± 409.1 head impacts in the season with a mean linear acceleration of 27.8g ± 3.2g. There were no significant interactions for any of the ST or DT dynamic postural control tasks. There was a significant relationship between head impact kinematics and the lateral center of pressure displacement during the anticipatory postural adjustment phase (r
2 = 0.26, P = 0.010) and transitional phase (r
2 = 0.511, P = 0.042) during ST gait initiation. For both measures, the number of impacts exceeding 98g was the only significant predictor of decreased center of pressure displacement.

Conclusions
A single competitive football season did not adversely affect dynamic postural control when comparing football players to cheerleaders who do not experience repetitive head impacts. Furthermore, there were limited relationships with head impact kinematics suggesting that a single season of football does not adversely affect most outcome measures of instrumented dynamic postural control. These findings are consistent with most studies which fail to identify clinical differences related to repetitive head impacts.
The Role of the Midfoot in Drop Landings
Authors: OLSEN MARK T. , BRUENING DUSTIN A. , JOHNSON A. WAYNE , RIDGE SARAH T. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The midfoot is instrumental to foot function; however, quantifying its roles in human movement has been difficult. A forceful dynamic activity like landing may help elucidate the midfoot’s contribution to foot energetics and function. The main purpose of this study was to measure midtarsal joint kinematics and kinetics during a barefoot single-leg landing task. A secondary aim of this study was to explore the relationship between static foot posture and dynamic midfoot function.

Methods
In a cross-sectional study design, 48 females (age = 20.4 ± 1.8 yr, body mass index = 21.6 ± 1.7 kg·m−1) performed drop landings from a height of 0.4 m onto split force platforms. Subjects hung from wooden rings and landed on their dominant leg. Midtarsal joint kinematic and kinetic data were recorded using a 14-camera optical motion capture system in conjunction with two in-ground force platforms and a custom kinetic three-segment foot model. Foot structure was measuring using the arch height index (AHI) and the static midtarsal joint angle from motion capture.

Results
Kinematic data revealed an average sagittal plane midtarsal joint range of motion of 27° through the landing phase. Kinetic data showed that between 7% and 22% of the total lower extremity joint, work during the landing was performed by the midtarsal joint. Both standing AHI and static midtarsal joint angle (static MA) were correlated with sagittal plane midtarsal joint range of motion (standing AHI: r = −0.320, P = 0.026; static MA: r = 0.483, P < 0.001) and with midtarsal joint work (standing AHI: r = 0.332, P = 0.021; static MA: r = −0.323, P = 0.025).

Conclusion
The midfoot contributes substantially to landing mechanics during a barefoot single-leg landing task. Static foot posture measures have limited value in predicting midfoot kinematics and kinetics during sportlike landings.
O ensino de história e cultura indígena e afro-brasileira: mudanças e desafios de uma década de obrigatoriedade
Authors: Moraes Renata Figueiredo , Campos Sabrina Machado 
Published: August 2018

O texto pretende fazer um balanço sobre as mudanças e os desafios da implementação das leis nº 10639 (2003) e nº11645 (2008), que estabeleceu a obrigatoriedade do ensino de história e cultura africana, afrobrasileira e indígena em todo o currículo escolar da educação básica. Para tal, foram analisados materiais didáticos do ensino médio e um questionário respondido pelos alunos da graduação em história da UERJ. Assim, foi percebido que, apesar de mais de uma década das legislações, elas ainda não são contempladas nos currículos escolares de modo satisfatório, assim como nos materiais de apoio, como os livros didáticos. Nesse sentido, apesar de reconhecer a relevância das leis, é importante salientar que os atores envolvidos - professores, movimentos sociais, alunos, universidades- precisam pressionar e acompanhar sua aplicabilidade, um vez que a sua implementação contribuiria para combater o racismo, o preconceito, a discriminação, os estereótipos, com o objetivo de construir uma escola/sociedade pautada no respeito à diversidade e à pluralidade.
Reharmonization and recontextualization in Kanye West’s ‘Famous’
Authors: Hein Ethan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The author demonstrates the musical richness of Kanye West’s song ‘Famous’, describing its dense interplay of rhythms, harmonies, timbres, vocal styles and nested chains of intertextual reference. Hip-hop is at odds with the performance-oriented traditions of American music education. By developing an appreciation for this producer-driven art form, educators can find ways to make their own practice more culturally relevant and open to student creativity. Students can approach cultural artefacts and texts the way that producers approach recorded music, looking for fragments that could be appropriated and repurposed to form the basis of new works.
Hip-Hop authenticity and music education: Confronting the concept of keeping it real
Authors: Kruse Adam J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The growing area of Hip-Hop pedagogy scholarship contains many meaningful implications and possibilities for music education. However, Hip-Hop’s fervent emphasis on authenticity (i.e. keeping it real) may cause music educators and students alike to view inclusions of Hip-Hop in school settings with a healthy dose of scepticism. Is a music classroom capable of keeping it real? Conceptualizing authenticity as a static condition or set of characteristics may impede the intentions of educators and does not reflect the complicated and contested nature of Hip-Hop authenticity. Viewing authenticity as an action offers more nuanced and meaningful examinations of Hip-Hop cultures and provides discursive and performative spaces for students and teachers to experience the possibilities of Hip-Hop pedagogies. In this article, the author demonstrates the complexity of Hip-Hop authenticity and offers ways forward for music educators interested in including Hip-Hop in school music settings.
Hip-Hop pedagogy as production practice: Reverse-engineering the sample-based aesthetic
Authors: Exarchos (A.K.A. Stereo Mike) Michail 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Hip-hop music practice contains a rich matrix of creative methods within its paradigm, which can inform and inspire music production pedagogy. The techno-artistic trajectory of rap production consists of numerous performing, engineering and production phases, while it may also involve self-contained developmental practices, such as the creation of intermediate content for sampling. The well-documented issues affecting phonographic sampling have given rise to alternative approaches, inviting both live musicianship and a dependence on synthesized sonics within hip-hop practice. As a hybrid production vehicle par excellence, Hip-Hop provides a fertile context for the application of diverse techniques in pursuit of inter-stylistic aesthetics. The article explores the spectrum of creative opportunities that lie between live performance, sample-based processes and notions of ‘composition’ as encompassed within the hip-hop paradigm. The aim is to identify under-represented aspects of contemporary music production and unexploited synergies in popular music curricula that may benefit from further integration.
Hip hop and music education: Where is race?
Authors: Hess Juliet 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Engagement with hip hop – a cultural form that emerged from Black communities in New York City in the 1970s (Chang 2005) – as White listeners, musicians, educators and researchers requires asking thoughtful questions about race, racism and power. This introduction considers ethical issues that may arise from hip hop pedagogy and scholarship and explores the imperative to grapple with Whiteness when centring hip hop in our praxis. Power relations intricately shape hip hop education and hip hop research; as such, developing a practice of questioning and ‘second guessing’ ourselves as educators and researchers may allow us to develop an ethical practice for engaging with hip hop that centres race, racism and Whiteness, and refuses to reinscribe structural racist and salvationist power relations.
Optimization conditions of alkaline protease production by Streptomyces sp.H1 isolated from red sea coastal region in submerged culture
Authors: A. A. Al-Zahrani Hind 
Published: August 2018

A potent alkaline protease producing strain characterized and identified as Streptomyces sp. H1 was isolated from soil around red sea shore. The enzyme was produced extracellulary in submerged culture revealed maximum level during early stationary phase. Alkaline protease showed the highest activity at incubation time, pH and inoculum size of 3 days, 9 and 8% respectively. Among different carbon sources beet molasses gave a maximum production followed by starch, sucrose and fructose. High yield of protease production was noticed with casein followed by peptone, yeast extract and ammonium sulphate. Furthermore, it was optimized with 7g/l NaCl resulted in higher level of protease. Optimization of the process parameters resulted in about 3.4 fold increase in the alkaline protease. Partial purification of the crude enzyme was achieved by fractional precipitation using ammonium sulfate at 50% saturation. Due to the maximum production of protease in the presence of cheaper substrate as beet molasses, stability at alkaline pH 9 and temperature up to 70 oC besides salt tolerance make the strain and its enzyme useful in different industrial applications.Â Â
Bending of functionally graded plates via a refined quasi-3D shear and normal deformation theory
Authors: Zenkour Asharf M. , Alghanmi Rabab A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Bending of functionally graded plate with two reverse simply supported edges is studied based upon a refined quasi three-dimensional (quasi-3D) shear and normal deformation theory using a third-order shape function. The present theory accounts for the distribution of transvers shear stresses that satisfies the free transverse shear stresses condition on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate. Therefore, the strain distribution does not include the unwanted influences of transverse shear correction factor. The effect of transverse normal strain is included. Unlike the traditional normal and shear deformation theories, the present theory have four unknowns only. The equilibrium equations are derived by using the principle of virtual work. The influence of material properties, aspect and side-to-thickness ratios, mechanical loads and inhomogeneity parameter are discussed. The efficiency and correctness of the present theory results are established by comparisons with available theories results.