bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of high‐flux hemodialysis and post‐dilution hemodiafiltration on platelet closure time in patients with end stage renal disease
Authors: Knehtl Masa , Jakopin Eva , Dvorsak Benjamin , Bevc Sebastjan , Ekart Robert , Hojs Radovan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroduction: We aimed to compare prospectively the effect of high‐flux hemodialysis and post‐dilution hemodiafiltration on platelets.Methods: Twenty‐two hemodialysis patients were treated with one high‐flux hemodialysis and one post‐dilution hemodiafiltration procedure. PFA‐100 closure times (collagen/epinephrine—CEPI and collagen/adenosine diphosphate—CADP) were measured before and after the procedure, as well as platelet count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell count. All pre‐dialysis and post‐dialysis samples were taken from the afferent line.Findings: The platelet count after vs. before hemodialysis did not change significantly (229.3 ± 55.0 x109/L vs. 233.6 ± 55.8 × 109/L; P = 0.269), but was significantly lower after post‐dilution hemodiafiltration (215.5 ± 51.7 × 109/L vs. 245.3 ± 59.9 × 109/L; P < 0.0001). CEPI after vs. before hemodialysis was not significantly prolonged (192.9 ± 60.8 s vs. 173.4 ± 52.5 s; P = 0.147), and the same applied to CADP (143.6 ± 40.3 s vs. 142.6 ± 38.4 s; P = 0.897). CEPI after vs. before post‐dilution hemodiafiltration was significantly prolonged (268.3 ± 41.3 s vs. 176.4 ± 54.0 s; P < 0.0001) as was CADP (221.0 ± 53.9 s vs.133.9 ± 31.1 s; P < 0.0001).Discussion: Only after post‐dilution hemodiafiltration, we found a lower platelet count and prolonged platelet closure times.
Post‐Great Oxidation Event Orosirian–Statherian iron formations on the São Francisco craton: Geotectonic implications
Authors: Rosière Carlos A. , Bekker Andrey , Rolim Vassily K. , Santos João Orestes S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe protocratonic core of the São Francisco craton assembled during the 2.1–2.0 Ga Transamazonian orogeny. Orosirian Fe‐rich sequences that extend from the northwestern border of the São Francisco protocraton (Colomi Group) to the southeast under the Espinhaço Belt (the < 1.99 Ga Serra da Serpentina Group) record the opening of an intracratonic basin with the episodically developed ferruginous waters prior to the initiation of the Espinhaço rift at 1.8 Ga. Ferruginous conditions developed again during deposition of the Canjica Iron Formation of the < 1.7 Ga Serra de São José Group in the Espinhaço rift (contemporaneously with felsic magmatism; Conceição do Mato Dentro Rhyolite and Borrachudos Granitic Suite) and extensive sandstones of the < (1666 ±32) Ma Itapanhoacanga and < (1683 ±11) Ma São João da Chapada Formations. In the upper São João da Chapada Formation, banded hematitic phyllite also records input of Fe‐rich fluids. The young age of these iron formations with respect to the conventionally accepted 1.88 Ga age for the youngest shallow‐marine Paleoproterozoic iron formations, the apparent absence of granular facies (granular iron formations), and yet shallow‐water (above fair‐weather base) depositional environment indicate that an unusual setting developed in a large basin after the Great Oxidation Event, in the aftermath of the Transamazonian orogeny. We propose that mantle plumes led to the opening of a previously unrecognized rift system, that could have caused the magmatism, supplied hydrothermal Fe and led to the opening of the Espinhaço, Pirapora, and Paramirim rifts, later obliterated by the Araçuaí orogenic belt during the Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic Brasiliano orogeny. The rift system did not develop into an open continental margin but probably evolved into a broad sag basin, stretching across the São Francisco and Congo cratons.
Severity, heterogeneity and systemic inflammation in psoriasis
Authors: Christophers E. , van de Kerkhof P.C.M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPsoriasis may express as active severe disease or as mild stable disease. In particular, patients with active severe disease present systemic involvement, including comorbidities and increased values of parameters reflecting an active state of innate immunity. In contrast, patients with mild stable disease show a dominancy of acquired immunity. In this review article, we report the clinical aspects of disease manifestations of both active and quiescent psoriasis as well as the immunological aspects, as well as the impact on antimicrobial resistance. The activity of psoriasis is not captured in the present outcome measures for severity assessment. The present review suggests that incorporating disease activity may be important in the assessment of the efficacy of treatments.
Evaluating the effect of grid size and type in integrated 1D/2D coupled urban inundation modelling on the interacting discharge between the surface and sewerage system
Authors: Lee Seungsoo , An Hyunuk 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo obtain accurate flood analysis results, research using high‐resolution Digital Elevation Models is becoming important and studies to increase the calculation speed and accuracy are being performed. Numerous researchers have studied parallelisation techniques to improve the accuracy of urban flood analysis by grid resolution and by 1D/2D coupled models. However, there have been few studies on the effects of interacting discharge between the surface and sewerage system on urban flooding analysis using parallelisation techniques. Therefore, in this study, the efficiency of the OpenMP parallelisation technique was investigated according to grid size and type to analyse the influence of the distribution of storm drain boxes on the results of fully integrated 1D/2D urban inundation modelling focused on the interacting discharge between the surface and storm drain boxes.
Servant leadership: A meta‐analytic examination of incremental contribution, moderation, and mediation
Authors: Lee Allan , Lyubovnikova Joanne , Tian Amy Wei , Knight Caroline 
Published: March 2019

Research suggests that when leaders, as servant leaders, focus on their followers’ needs, this can have a positive effect on organizational functioning. Yet results are inconsistent in establishing the strength of the relationships, limiting understanding of the theoretical impact and practical reach of the servant leadership (SL) construct. Using a quantitative meta‐analysis based on 130 independent studies, the current research provides evidence that SL has incremental predictive validity over transformational, authentic, and ethical leadership. Further, the link between SL and a range of individual‐ and team‐level behavioural outcomes can be partially explained by trust in the leader, procedural justice, and leader–member exchange. The paper also explores moderators to better establish SL's criterion‐related validity and to clarify the magnitude of effects across boundary conditions, such as research design, national culture, and industry.Practitioner points

Servant leadership has predictive validity over other leadership approaches, and therefore, organizations would benefit by developing their current leaders into SLs.

Organizations should aim to select SLs into influential positions: Training programmes and selection profiles and processes would need to be aligned and developed to capture attitudes and behaviours associated with SL inside and outside the organization.

Servant leaderships should seek to create a culture that positively promotes the development of trust, fairness, and high‐quality leader–follower relationships, as these conditions collectively enable the effects of SL to be transmitted onto desirable follower outcomes.
Clinical, epidemiological and echocardiographic features and prognostic factors in cats with restrictive cardiomyopathy: A retrospective study of 92 cases (2001‐2015)
Authors: Chetboul Valérie , Passavin Peggy , Trehiou‐Sechi Emilie , Gouni Vassiliki , Poissonnier Camille , Pouchelon Jean‐Louis , Desquilbet Loic 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundRestrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a common primary cardiomyopathy of cats. However, little information is available regarding prognostic variables in large populations of cats with RCM.ObjectivesTo characterize the epidemiological, clinical, and echocardiographic features of cats with RCM and to document their survival times and risk factors for cardiac death (CD).AnimalsNinety‐two cats with RCM.MethodsRetrospective study. Diagnosis of RCM was based on echocardiographic and Doppler criteria. Median survival time to CD and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were estimated by the Kaplan‐Meier method and multivariate Cox models, respectively.ResultsThe feline population (median age [interquartile range], 8.6 years [4.1‐12.4]; body weight, 4.0 kg [3.3‐4.7]) included 83 cats (90%) with the myocardial RCM form and 9 (10%) with the endomyocardial fibrosis RCM form. Most RCM cats (64/92, 70%) were symptomatic at the time of diagnosis, with dyspnea related to congestive heart failure in 57 of 64 cats (89%). The median survival time of the 69 cats with the myocardial RCM form and available follow‐up was 667 days (range, 2‐3710 days) considering CD. Independent of age, biatrial enlargement, and arrhythmias, increase of the left atrium (LA)‐to‐aorta (Ao) ratio (hazard ration [HR], 2.5 per 0.5‐unit increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5‐4.2; P < .001) and presence of severe LA enlargement (end‐diastolic LA : Ao ≥2; HR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.3‐8.7; P = .01) were significantly associated with shorter time to CD.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCardiac death is common in RCM cats, and LA enlargement seems independently associated with decreased survival time in these cats.
Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score for the assessment of mortality prediction in the intensive care unit: a single‐centre study from Iran
Authors: Bahtouee Mehrzad , Eghbali Seyed S , Maleki Nasrollah , Rastgou Vahid , Motamed Niloufar 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II is still commonly used as an index of illness severity in patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) and has been validated for many research and clinical audit purposes.Aims and objectivesTo investigate the diagnostic value of the APACHE II score for predicting mortality rate of critically ill patients.DesignThis was a single‐centre, retrospective study of 200 Iranian patients admitted in the medical–surgical adult ICU from June 2012 to May 2013.MethodsDemographic data, pre‐existing comorbidities and variables required for calculating the APACHE II score were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed, and the area under the ROC curves was calculated to assess the predictive value of the APACHE II score.ResultsOf the 200 patients with a mean age of 55·27 ± 21·59 years enrolled in the study, 112 (54%) were admitted in the medical ICU and 88 (46%) in the surgical ICU. Finally, 116 patients (58%) died, and 84 patients (42%) survived. The overall actual and predicted ICU mortality were 58% and 25·16%, respectively. The mean APACHE II score was 16·31 in total patients, 17·78 in medical ICU and 14·45 in surgical ICU patients (P = 0·003). Overall, the APACHE II score had the highest prognostic value for predicting the mortality rate of critically ill patients with an area under the cure of 0·88, and with a cut‐off value of 15, the APACHE II score predicted mortality of patients with a sensitivity of 85·3%, a specificity of 77·4%, a positive predictive value of 83·9% and a negative predictive value of 73·9%.ConclusionThis study shows that an APACHE II score of 15 provides the best diagnostic accuracy to predict mortality of critically ill patients. Our observed mortality rate was greater than the predicted death rate, in comparison to the other prestigious centres in the world. Therefore, it appears that we must improve our intensive care to reduce mortality.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is a need to create a suitable scoring system to predict the mortality rate of critically ill patients in accordance with the advanced technological equipment and experienced physicians and nurses in that ICU.
Associations between the rate, amount, and composition of weight loss as predictors of spontaneous weight regain in adults achieving clinically significant weight loss: A systematic review and meta‐regression
Authors: Turicchi Jake , O'Driscoll Ruairi , Finlayson Graham , Beaulieu Kristine , Deighton Kevin , Stubbs R. James 
Published: March 2019

SummaryWeight regain following weight loss is common although little is known regarding the associations between amount, rate, and composition of weight loss and weight regain. Forty‐three studies (52 groups; n = 2379) with longitudinal body composition measurements were identified in which weight loss (≥5%) and subsequent weight regain (≥2%) occurred. Data were synthesized for changes in weight and body composition. Meta‐regression models were used to investigate associations between amount, rate, and composition of weight loss and weight regain. Individuals lost 10.9% of their body weight over 13 weeks composed of 19.6% fat‐free mass, followed by a regain of 5.4% body weight over 44 weeks composed of 21.6% fat‐free mass. Associations between the amount (P < 0.001) and rate (P = 0.049) of weight loss and their interaction (P = 0.042) with weight regain were observed. Fat‐free mass (P = 0.017) and fat mass (P < 0.001) loss both predicted weight regain although the effect of fat‐free mass was attenuated following adjustment. The amount (P < 0.001), but not the rate of weight loss (P = 0.150), was associated with fat‐free mass loss. The amount and rate of weight loss were significant and interacting factors associated with weight regain. Loss of fat‐free mass and fat mass explained greater variance in weight regain than weight loss alone.
Delivering cognitive analytic consultancy to community mental health teams: Initial practice‐based evidence from a multi‐site evaluation
Authors: Kellett Stephen , Ghag Jeetender , Ackroyd Katie , Freshwater Kate , Finch Jayne , Freear Adam , Hartley Judith , Simmonds‐Buckley Mel 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesThis study sought to employ the hourglass model to frame the methodological evolution of outcome studies concerning 5‐session cognitive analytic consultancy (CAC).DesignPre‐post mixed methods evaluation (study one) and mixed methods case series (study two).MethodsIn study one, three sites generated acceptability and pre‐post effectiveness outcomes fromN = 58 care dyads, supplemented with qualitative interviewing. The client outcome measures included the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure, Personality Structure Questionnaire, Work and Social Adjustment Questionnaire, Service Engagement Scale, and the Working Alliance Inventory. Study two was a mixed methods case series (N = 5) using an A/B phase design with a 6‐week follow‐up. Client outcome measures were the Personality Structure Questionnaire, Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure, and the Working Alliance Inventory, and the staff outcome measures were the Working Alliance Inventory, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Perceived Competence Scale.ResultsIn study one, the cross‐site dropout rate from CAC was 28.40% (the completion rate varied from 58 to 100%) and full CAC attendance rates ranged from 61 to 100%. Significant reductions in client distress were observed at two sites. Qualitative themes highlighted increased awareness and understanding across care dyads. In study two, there was zero dropout and full attendance. Clients were significantly less fragmented, and staff felt significantly more competent and less exhausted. Potential mechanisms of change were the effective process skills of the consultant and that emotionally difficult CAC processes were helpful.ConclusionsCognitive analytic consultancy appears a promising approach to staff consultation, and testing in a clinical trial is now indicated.Practitioner pointsCAC is a suitable method of consultation for care dyads struggling to work effectively together in CMHTs.Staff feel more competent and clients feel less fragmented following CAC, and the benefits of CAC appear to be maintained over follow‐up time.CAC processes can be difficult for care coordinator and client, but this is not an impediment to change.
The role of epigenetics for understanding mental health difficulties and its implications for psychotherapy research
Authors: Kumsta Robert 
Published: March 2019

Many mental health difficulties have developmental origins. Understanding the mechanisms for how psychosocial experiences are biologically embedded and influence lifelong development is a key challenge for the mental health disciplines. In recent years, epigenetic processes have emerged as a potential mechanism mediating the long‐lasting vulnerability following the experience of adversity. Animal models provide evidence that early‐life adversity can produce enduring epigenetic modifications in the brain, which mediate disorder‐like behaviours, and there is emerging evidence to support that environmental factors influence epigenetic processes in humans. The investigation of DNA methylation, a chemical modification of the DNA with a role in gene regulatory processes, is becoming increasingly popular in psychological studies. A particular interest for the psychotherapy field lies in the potential for psychological interventions to influence epigenetic processes. Hence, the focus of this review will be on studies that have investigated intervention‐associated changes in DNA methylation. Results of the first few studies will be critically reviewed, and a model of how therapy‐associated changes of DNA methylation in peripheral, non‐brain tissue might be useful as epigenetic biomarkers of treatment outcome will be presented.Practitioner points

Many mental health difficulties have substantial developmental origin. Epigenetic processes have emerged as a potential mechanism mediating the long‐term effects of early adversity

Epigenetic refers to cellular mechanisms that control gene expression states, independent of changes to the underlying DNA sequence. The epigenome can be highly dynamic and potentially influenced by external factors

A particular interest for the psychotherapy field lies in the potential for psychological interventions to influence epigenetic processes.
Double ovarian tumour in the mare: Case report
Authors: Pinna Aline E. , Okada Carolina T. C. , Ferreira Camila S. C. , Campos Diego G. , Possidente Karen S. , de Cássia C. L. Morais Rita , Oliveira Marcela , Salomão Marcia Carolina , Hataka Alexandre 
Published: March 2019

ContentsOvarian tumours in mares represent 2.5% to 6% of the most frequent neoplasms found in the equine species, with a higher chance of benignity. This study aims to describe a case of two different tumours found in the same ovary of a mare that presented clinical signs of suppressed oestrous cycle during 5 years. After unilateral ovariectomy, the ovary was sent to the histopathology examination which determined a mixed tumour of granulosa cell and leiomyosarcoma. After treatment, the mare returned to oestrus and got pregnant in the next season.
Effects of soya milk on reproductive hormones during puberty in male Wistar rats
Authors: Caceres Sara , Silván Gema , Illera Maria J. , Millan Pilar , Moyano Gabriel , Illera Juan C. 
Published: March 2019

ContentsPuberty is considered a critical period on development that involved sexual maturation and morphological changes. Isoflavones have been described as endocrine disruptors in male rats. Therefore, the present study attempt to evaluate the effect that daily intake of low and high doses of isoflavones exert into the hormonal regulation that take place during puberty by analyzing the levels of serum and testes steroid and pituitary hormones. 108 male pre‐puberal Wistar rats (30 days old) were randomly divided into three groups; control, low and high doses of isoflavones. Experimental animals were daily dosed orally with low and high doses of a mixture of two soy isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) during 6 weeks. An EIA was performed in serum and testes homogenates for analyzing FSH, LH, P5, P4, DHEA, A4, T, DHT, SO4E1 and E2 hormone concentrations. Results revealed a decrease of an oestrogen environment in testes stimulates the secretion of FSH and LH leading to the production of androgens in the testes at the onset of puberty. Low doses of isoflavones resulted in a significant increase of testes oestrogens that consequently produced a delay on the onset of puberty; however at high doses of isoflavones the maintained oestrogenic environment in the testes prevent the stimulation of the secretion of pituitary hormones and the production of T abolishing the onset of puberty. These results clarify the hormonal mechanisms that take place on puberty and determine the effect of high and low doses of isoflavones at the onset of puberty.
Managing Safety‐Related Disruptions: Evidence from the U.S. Nuclear Power Industry
Authors: Blanco Christian C. , Caro Felipe , Corbett Charles J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLow‐probability, high‐impact events are difficult to manage. Firms may underinvest in risk assessments for low‐probability, high‐impact events because it is not easy to link the direct and indirect benefits of doing so. Scholarly research on the effectiveness of programs aimed at reducing such events faces the same challenge. In this article, we draw on comprehensive industry‐wide data from the U.S. nuclear power industry to explore the impact of conducting probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) on preventing safety‐related disruptions. We examine this using data from over 25,000 monthly event reports across 101 U.S. nuclear reactors from 1985 to 1998. Using Poisson fixed effects models with time trends, we find that the number of safety‐related disruptions reduced between 8% and 27% per month in periods after operators submitted their PRA in response to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Generic Letter 88‐20, which required all operators to conduct a PRA. One possible mechanism for this is that the adoption of PRA may have increased learning rates, lowering the rate of recurring events by 42%. We find that operators that completed their PRA before Generic Letter 88‐20 continued to experience safety improvements during 1990–1995. This suggests that revisiting PRA or conducting it again can be beneficial. Our results suggest that even in a highly safety‐conscious industry as nuclear utilities, a more formal approach to quantifying risk has its benefits.
International Trade and Income Inequality*
Authors: Furusawa Taiji , Konishi Hideo , Tran Duong Lam Anh 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe propose a simple theory that shows a mechanism through which international trade entails wage and job polarization. We consider two countries in which individuals with different abilities work either as knowledge workers, who develop differentiated products, or as production workers, who engage in production. In equilibrium, ex ante symmetric firms attract knowledge workers with different abilities, and this creates firm heterogeneity in product quality. Market integration disproportionately benefits firms that produce high‐quality products. This winner‐take‐all trend of product markets causes a war for talents, which exacerbates income inequality within the countries and leads to labor‐market polarization.