bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociologia da ciência: realismo, idealismo e construtivismo
Authors: Gomes Vicente De Paula 
Published: May 2019

A virada neopragmática, crítica avassaladora da função fundante dos saberes autodefendida pela filosofia, radical ao ponto de incluir a própria vertente analítica de onde se originou, é, inexoravelmente, a fronteira atual do conhecimento filosófico, o golpe do movimento neopragmático à filosofia e à razão; contudo, deve ser avaliado como positivo. Ele possibilitou o retorno à consciência das matrizes conceituais genuínas desse saber ao apontar as propostas de superação do impasse: naturalismo estrito (QUINE, 1969), naturalismo fraco (HABERMAS, 2004), idealismo objetivo (HÖSLE, 1987), contextualismo (RORTY, 1994). Contribuíram, inquestionavelmente, para esse desfecho, os estudos históricos e sociológicos da ciência pós-kuhnianos, inspirados em sua filosofia da ciência. Inserindo-se tangencialmente nesse debate, o objeto de reflexão deste estudo é contrapor o ponto de vista da sociologia da ciência ao realismo e ao idealismo. Nosso intuito é demonstrar que o construtivismo que caracteriza seu modelo de inquirição não nega, como ingênua ou maliciosamente entendem seus críticos, a função determinante da natureza na construção da ciência. A força do nosso argumento emergirá da análise realizada pelos expoentes do strong programme em sociologia da ciência, Barry Barnes, David Bloor e John Henry (1996), no livro “Scientific Knowledge: a sociological analysis”, de um estudo de caso controverso da história da física: os experimentos que o físico norte-americano Robert Millikan realizou para estabelecer a carga do elétron.
Filosofia da Religião em Kierkegaard depois do anúncio da morte de Deus
Authors: Roos Jonas 
Published: May 2019

O artigo reflete sobre a atualidade da filosofia da religião de Kierkegaard tomando como inspiração as comemorações dos duzentos anos de seu nascimento e considerando, especialmente, o contexto atual de leitura da obra do dinamarquês como posterior ao anúncio da morte de Deus. Como uma perspectiva de leitura para a filosofia da religião de Kierkegaard abordarei a interpretação de Gianni Vattimo para o anúncio da morte de Deus. Em seguida analisarei alguns aspectos do conceito de histórico como desenvolvido pelo pseudônimo Johannes Climacus no Interlúdio de Migalhas filosóficas e argumentarei que Kierkegaard pensa o Cristianismo de modo não-metafísico, o que aparece, também, em alguns aspectos da forma de sua escrita. Por fim, argumentarei que a kénōsis tanto dá unidade à filosofia da religião de Kierkegaard quanto fornece elementos para pensar sua atualidade.
Intencionalidade e evidência em Heidegger
Authors: Fernandes Marcos Aurélio 
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo visa expor a fenomenologia da evidência no pensamento de Heidegger. Toma-se como ponto de partida e fio condutor a intencionalidade. O conhecer é um relacionamento intencional que pode apresentar diversos graus de plenitude intuitiva. O grau mais pleno é o da percepção. Com o perceber se dá o preenchimento das intenções vazias e se realiza o ato de identificação: a coincidência entre o presumido e o intuído. Evidência é o ato de identificação que se clareia a si mesmo. Não é um sentimento de uma consciência fechada em si mesma. O clarear da evidência pressupõe a abertura da clareira do ser na qual o homem demora como ser-no-mundo.
PENGEMBANGAN DAN VALIDASI SKOR PREDIKSI MORTALITAS PASIEN PERDARAHAN SUBARAKNOID
Authors: Hana Jesi Prilly , Pinzon Rizaldy Taslim , Pramudita Esdras Ardi 
Published: May 2019

Latar Belakang: Terdapat beberapa faktor resiko yang telah diidentifikasi memepengaruhi mortalitas pasien Perdarahan Subaraknoid. Salah satu cara untuk mengetahui prognosis pasien perdarahan subaraknoid ialah dengan menggunakan sistem skoring. Skor dapat membantu para klinisi untuk menilai kondisi pasien, prognosis, serta menentukan penatalaksanaan yang terbaik bagi pasien.
Tujuan Penelitian: Mengukur faktor prediktor yang mempengaruhi mortalitas pada pasien perdarahan subaraknoid dan meramalkan prognosis pasien perdarahan subaraknoid menggunakan skor prediktor mortalitas.
Metode: Pelaksanaan penelitian ini menggunakan metode kohort retrospektif. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dari data sekunder register stroke dan rekam medik pasien perdarahan subaraknoid di RS Bethesda Yogyakarta. Uji validitas menggunakan kurva receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) dan untuk cut off point menggunakan area under the curve (AUC).
Hasil: Hasil analisis multivariate menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara mortalitas pasien perdarahan subaraknoid dengan kesadaran (RO: 19.722, 95% IK: 1.788- 217.521, p: 0.015), tekanan darah sistolik (RO: 157.4, 95%IK: 2.068- 11990.9, p: 0.022), gula darah sewaktu (RO:12.457, 95%IK: 2.305- 67.322, p: 0.03) dan komplikasi (RO: 30.539, 95%IK: 2.685- 347.377, p: 0.006). Masing-masing variabel memiliki skor untuk menentukan prognosis pasien perdarahan subaraknoid. Skor memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam memperediksi mortalitas pasien perdarahan subaraknoid (AUC) ROC 0.946 (95% IK: 0.896- 0.995; p: <0.001).
Kesimpulan: Skor prediktor mortalitas valid digunakan untuk meramalkan mortalitas pada pasien perdarahan subaraknoid.
Kata Kunci: perdarahan subaraknoid, skor prediktor, mortalitas
KARAKTERISTIK MIGREN TANPA AURA PADA MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN DOKTER ANGKATAN 2015 DAN 2016 DI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA DENPASAR
Authors: Wijaya Made Aniendya Putri , Meidiary Anak Agung Ayu , Putra Ida Bagus Kusuma 
Published: May 2019

Latar Belakang: Migren Tanpa Aura adalah salah satu jenis migren, yang merupakan nyeri kepala kronis yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi migren tanpa aura dan faktor pencetusnya pada mahasiswa kedokteran.
Metode: Desain peneltian ini adalah deskriptif cross-sectional dengan menggunakan data primer yaitu data yang diperoleh dari isian formulir kuesioner yang diberikan kepada responden dan dianalalisis menggunakan SPSS.
Hasil: Pada penelitian ini, 69 subjek mengalami migren yang terdiri dari migren tanpa aura (4,6 %), dan Probable migren tanpa aura (9,6%). Rerata usia pada subjek adalah 21 tahun. Jenis kelamin perempuan (73,9%) dan laki- laki (26,1%). Faktor pencetus migren tanpa aura antara lain obesitas (14,5%), merokok (7,2%), migren dikala menstruasi teridiri dari saat menstruasi (17,4%) dan sebelum menstruasi (5,8%), kebiasaan tidur terdiri dari baik (37,7%) dan buruk (62,3%), depresi (2,9%), stress (40,6%), cemas (15,9%).
Simpulan: Prevalensi migren tanpa aura adalah 4.6%, sebagian besar perempuan (73,9%). Migren lebih sering muncul ketika mengalami menstruasi (saat menstruasi dan sebelum menstruasi), lebih banyak yang mengalami kualitas tidur kurang. Responden dominan tidak obesitas, tidak merokok, tidak depresi, tidak stress, tidak cemas.
Kata kunci: Migren Tanpa aura, Karakteristik, Mahasiswa Kedokteran.
Sinemada Çağdaş Sanat ve Paradigma Olgusu
Authors: TOKDİL Ezgi 
Published: May 2019

Araştırmanın amacı; paradigma olgusunun bilim felsefesi kapsamında değerlendirilmesi ve sanat alanında paralel gelişim çizgisinin takip edilerek, örnekleme alınan çağdaş sanatı odağına yerleştirmiş filmler üzerinden analizinin yapılmasıdır. Bu kapsamda yönetmenliğini Ruben Östlund'ın üstlendiği 2017 yapımı The Square (Kare) ve Julian Rosefeldt'in 2015 yapımı Manifesto filmleri paradigma değişimleri bakımından içeriksel olarak ayrıntılı analiz edilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda; kültürün özelleştirilmesi, müze ve galerilerin sanata müdahalesi, basının, reklamcılığın sanatın özsel dilini değiştirmesi, manipüle etmesi, manipülasyonun eserin duyulması adına sanatçı tarafından meşru görülmesi, akademik sanatın yerini çağdaş olana bırakması, çağdaş sanatın absürd olana evrilmesi, kapitalizm bir yandan eleştirilirken, diğer yandan onun gerek sanatçı gerek galerici tarafından kendi çıkarına kullanılması gibi konular ele alınan önemli noktalardır. Thomas Kuhn'un bilim felsefesine kazandırdığı paradigma olgusuna ve paradigmatik bilim anlayışına bakıldığında; bilimin sapmalarla ilerlediği ve her paradigma içerisinde bilimin yeni soruları cevaplamada yetersiz olduğu noktaya kadar olağan bilim etkinliklerinin gerçekleştirildiği görülür. Sorular cevapsız kalmaya başladığında bir bunalım dönemine girilir, bu dönem yeni bir paradigmanın ortaya çıkışının ilk belirtileridir. Benzer şekilde sanat eğilimleri ve öncü sanatçılar da bunalım dönemleriyle yeni paradigmaları başlatır ve benzer bir süreç yaşanır. Ortaya çıkan her yeni akım sistem tarafından benimsenen paradigmanın (sanat eğiliminin/sanatçı görüşünün) dışına çıkan söylem ve eylemler yoluyla gerçekleşmiştir. Paradigma değişiminin ilk belirtileri görüldüğünde ve hatta değişim kaçınılmaz olduğunda dahi eski paradigmanın savunucularının buna doğru yön değiştirmesi kolay olmamış, tıpkı Rosefeldt'in yönetmenliğini yaptığı filmde Dadaist Manifesto'nun okunduğu cenaze sahnesinde olduğu gibi "eski" (fikirler, ideolojiler, eğilimler, yaşam biçimleri, sanat eğilimleri vd.) toprağa indirilirken ve yeninin yaşam ve ölüm diyalektiğinde doğuşu sağlanırken kendisine taraf bulması ancak uzun bir zaman almıştır (Bunalım dönemi her sistem tanımında uzun bir süreci kapsar). Ancak değişim tüm karşıtlıklara, itirazlara rağmen kaçınılmaz olarak gerçekleşmektedir. Tıpkı The Square (Kare) filminde müze bahçesine yerleştirilecek ışıklandırılmış bir kareden ibaret olan bir enstalasyonun (çağdaş sanat) görkemli bir atlı heykelin (akademik sanat) yerini alması gibi.
Entrapment behind the firewall: the ethics of internal cyber-stings
Authors: Luck Morgan 
Published: May 2019

Internal cyber-attacks (cyber-attacks which occur from within an organization) pose a serious threat to an organization’s security. One tool that organizations can employ to help them detect such threats is the internal cyber-sting. An internal cyber-sting involves an organization enticing its members into performing a (controlled) internal cyber-attack in order to apprehend them. However, there is (rightly) considerable moral consternation about employing such a tool; for it is deceitful and undermines trust. The aim of this paper is to present four separate actions that might be taken by organizations to strengthen their moral reason for employing internal cyber-stings.
Editorial
Authors: Cowden Stephen , Dhaliwal Sukhwant , Durand Rebecca 
Published: May 2019

The focus of this Issue is the UK’s counter-terrorist programme ‘Prevent’. As a number of articles explain, this policy developed out of the wider policy agenda of CONTEST which was developed by the UK government following the 9/11 attacks by Al Qaeda in New York in 2001. Many readers may be wondering why we would devote a whole issue to this particular policy. Our reason for doing this is that the issues raised in the debate around Prevent and what it represents impinge directly on concerns around the rise of fundamentalism and its ongoing project of establishing hegemony across religious and political fields, as well as state responses to that. In this issue we have sought to create a space to raise concerns that have not figured in the dominant understanding of Prevent in the eyes of both its supporters and its critics. The Prevent policy is presently having a significant impact on a whole range of areas within the British state – on Further and Higher Education, Probation and Social Work, third sector organisations, women’s organisations, Local Authorities as well as on religious institutions and movements, and on community based political activism. Yet the polarised nature of the debate around Prevent means that we know very little about how these impacts are playing out, and in particular how the responses and practices which are being adopted are impacting on women as well as on other vulnerable groups. These are the concerns we have sought to give voice to in this issue.
Determination of the hardening depth by using inversely determined micro-magnetic characteristics
Authors: Bick Tobias , Kandelhardt Thorsten , Treutler Kai , Wesling Volker 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
To find a quick method to quantify the depth of hardening in order to optimize the production process at thyssenkrupp Presta Schönebeck GmbH, micromagnetic characterization after surface heating is used. The difference between the following method and other proceedings is that the depth is measured on the opposite surface of the heated side. For this research process the “MikroMach“-system is used, which contains the four analyzing methods: eddy current, Barkhausen-noises, harmonic content and superposed permeability. The results of reference measurements are evaluated by statistical methods, thereby defining the parameters which manifest a high correlation and a low variation towards hardening depth. Based on these characteristic variables, the MikroMach software starts a multiparameter analysis to find a polynomial. As a result of this, a reference is given which is used to classify the components into functioning or defective goods. After that, the system was tested in the production area to validate the characteristic polynomial. As a result of these tests, it is shown that the classification of components is possible. In addition to that, the system showed unexpected influences of divergent heating parameters. But there are differences between the conventional depth of hardening and the quantitative measuring by using micromagnetic characterizations. The differences are caused by the quality and numbers of references in calculating the polynomial.
Metallurgical Failure Investigation of SCC in Leaking Piping System in a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant
Authors: Neidel A. , Wallich S. , Ullrich T. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Cracking and leakage, not repairable by welding, was found in premix piping of heavy-duty gas turbine engine for power plant applications. The subject laboratory specimen, a pipe section cut out on site and received at the investigating laboratory, failed by transgranular stress corrosion cracking (SCC). The stress corrosion cracking has probably been induced by chlorides (halide-induced stress corrosion cracking). Chlorine peaks were found in EDS spectra acquired on the inner pipe wall surfaces. However, it cannot completely be ruled out that those were artifacts caused by handling, cleaning, and cutting. The cracking is located adjacent to welds.
Development of Second-Phase Particles during Solidification and Homogenization of Aluminium Alloy AlMn1
Authors: Engler O. , Kuhnke K. , Westphal K. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
An important aspect in describing the microstructure of non-heat treatable Al wrought alloys is their constitution in the form of dissolved alloy elements or precipitated second-phase particles. These characteristic structural constituents, which practically can be subsumed as microchemistry, have an impact on the physical and, in particular, on the mechanical properties of Al materials. The present work examines the formation of constituent phases during solidification as well as the microchemical changes during a subsequent homogenization annealing of the alloy AA 3103 (AlMn1). The forming phases were statistically analyzed in a scanning electron microscope regarding their size, shape, area density and chemical composition. The results were matched with complementary characterization methods to explain the microchemical changes during solidification and the subsequent homogenization.
Divorce: How Does Children Affect Children Emotionally?
Authors: Salvador Brito Jeanneth , Bodero Arízaga Lorena 
Published: May 2019

Introduction.Divorce is the dissolution of marriage, this behavior of the couple directly affects the children, even more so when they oscillate four years of age. Emotions in children are violated, affecting them in their actions and acquiring disruptive behaviors; showing aggressive, impulsive and conflicting with their parents, teachers and colleagues. Objective.Analyze the damage that this causes directly to children, in this way hurt feelings and emotions are altered, because their young age does not understand that being separated does not mean that their parents stop "loving". Materials and methods.Field research was used, which helps to determine the possible causes and as a determining factor the effect of the emotional development of children in childhood. To obtain information, instruments were used, such as surveys of parents and an observation card for children, allowing to corroborate that the emotional factor in children is fundamental for their biopsychosocial development. Results.They were tabulated and analyzed. Conclusion. Children of parents divorced children feel affected in their development, which is evident in their behavior, in the way they feel and express their emotions before others.
ACCURACY OF CT-SCAN FOR THE DETECTION OF MALIGNANT LIVER MASS
Authors: Panwar Nitu , Meena Deepak , Meena G. L. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Malignant liver mass, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the most common primary malignant tumour of the liver representing more than 80% of all primary hepatic malignancies.
Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Radiology. All the clinically suspected patients having hepatic mass at any age with both sexes who were attended in hospital were taken as study population as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients having hepatomegaly due to extra hepatic causes, patients who refused to undergo CT-scan, patients who refuse to do biopsy or whose biopsy result was not available and patients having known hypersensitivity reaction to contrast agent were excluded from this study.
Results: Sensitivity of CT to diagnose malignant lesion was 94.12%, specificity 84.62%, accuracy 90%, positive predictive value 88.89% and negative predictive value 91.67%.
Conclusion: The results of the present study therefore conclude that CT is a useful modality for the diagnosis of malignant liver masses. Since the CT diagnosis correlates with histopathological connection, it is a sensitive modality on the basis of the above findings.
Keywords: Test accuracy, CT-Scan, Malignant, Liver Mass
Outcome of Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Saha Apel Chandra , Masud Md Hasan 
Published: May 2019

Background: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a progressive degenerative disease and the most common cause of cervical spinal cord dysfunction (SCD) in older patients. Anterior cervical discectomy andfusion (ACDF) is a common procedure for patients with severe neurological deterioration. The goals of this study were to evaluate the clinical and functional outcome, radiological fusion and operative complications in case of CSM who underwent ACDF by autogeneous-tricortical bone graft and stabilized with plate and screws.
Methods: This prospective interventional study was carried out at National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation ( NITOR) and different private hospitals in Dhaka from January 2012 to December 2014. Within this period total 12 CSM patients were included as study sample. All were surgically treated by ACDF and stabilized by plate and screws. All patients were clinically and radiologically evaluated before and after surgery.
Results: Single level ACDF by autograft and stabilization by plate and screws was done in 10 (83.33%) patients and 2 (16.67%) patients had two level fusion. The mean follow up period was 12 months. The satisfactory result was found in 10 (83.33%) patients. Post-operative complications were donor site morbidity in2 (16.67%) patients and transient dysphagia in 1 (8.33%) patient. The fusion rate was 100% in this series.
Conclusion: ACDF with anterior plating for CSM is a safe and effective procedure. It results in highest fusion, least complication and relatively lower cost.
Birdem Med J 2019; 9(2): 133-137
Dialysis Adequacy and Quality of Life in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Bangladeshi Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Saha Shudhanshu Kumar , Islam Rafi Nazrul , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Chowdhury Tufayel Ahmed , Razzak Abdur , Latif Abdul , Ananna Mehruba Alam , Iqbal Masud , Mansur Mohammad Abul , Choudhury Ayub Ali , Iqbal Sarwar 
Published: May 2019

Background: Quality of life (QOL) is one of the chief areas to be addressed when caring for people with end stage renal disease (ESRD). The continual excretory function of native kidneys are replaced in such patients by few hours of rapid urea clearance in a week. This study aimed to explore whether more weekly hemodialysis sessions and dialysis adequacy do actually improve parameters of QOL and if this is beneficial enough at the cost of taking additional dialysis sessions in a low income country like Bangladesh. Whether being diabetic influences QOL was also investigated.
Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 135 adults, who were on maintenance haemodialysis(MHD) for >3 months, from three dialysis centers in Dhaka from January to December, 2013. Patients with malignancy, dementia, and psychosis were excluded. Patients were interviewed once by the investigators to fill a validated Bangla version of the kidney disease quality of life short form questionnaire (KDQOL-SF-36 version 1.3) and calculate a QOL score.
Results: Mean age, mean duration of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and MHD were 50±12 years, 4.9±5.1 years and 12±11.8 months respectively. Overall QOL score for the study sample was 50±17. Only 43(31.9%) patients received adequate hemodialysis (mean Kt/V=1.3) while the rest (with Kt/V<1.2) had achieved an average Kt/V of 0.8 (p<0.001). Duration of MHD, hemoglobin, serum albumin, and ferritin were not significantly different for those adequately dialysed, compared to the rest. Also no improvement in any QOL parameter was found in those with Kt/V>1.2 (adequate HD). However, when a comparison was made between those with 3 HD sessions/week (n=63, mean MHD duration 24±14 months) with patients receiving 2 HD sessions/week (n=72, mean MHD duration 8.4±11 months), the former group had lower “effect of kidney disease” scores (p=0.021), higher “quality of social interaction” scores (p=0.031) and lower “role emotion” scores (p=0.002). When diabetic patients (n=82, mean age 54±8 years, MHD duration 18.5±9.5 months) and non-diabetic subjects (n=53, aged 42±13 years, MHD duration of 25±16 months) were compared, “effects of kidney disease”, “cognitive function” and “quality of social interaction” scales were significantly higher in those having diabetes (with p<0.045, p<0.024 and p<0.022 respectively).
Conclusion: Since achieving hemodialysis adequacy was not found to improve QOL scores, an additional dialysis session at extra cost every week may not be advisable for people of a low income country
Birdem Med J 2019; 9(2): 138-146