bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polityka pieniężna Narodowego Banku Polskiego od roku 1989
Authors: Franka Paweł , Wisz Anna 
Published: March 2019

The article discusses the activities of National Bank of Poland during the past twenty-five year and more specifically in the years 1989–2013 with particular emphasis on monetary policy. During this time, the Polish central bank has undergone fundamental change, starting from the position of the so-called monobank, i.e. bank without autonomy in activities, characteristic of planned economy. The article describes the process of transformation of the National Bank of Poland to the role of a central bank operating in a market economy. The paper emphasizes all the important events in the transformation, including building of a two-tier banking system, the gradual replacement of the administrative measures by monetary policy instruments, currency denomination, constitutional guarantees of the role and independence of the National Bank of Poland, creation of the Monetary Policy Council – a departure from the single monetary policy-making in favor of collegiality, changing the monetary policy strategy to direct inflation targeting, bank exchange rates policy, open market operations.
Influence of immigration on dynamics of economic growth and on condition and standing of public finance of Spain
Authors: Romiszewska Anna 
Published: March 2019

At the turn of 20th and 21st century, Spain was one of target countries of earning immigration not only in the European Union, but in the entire world as well. This paper aims at analyzing the influence of immigration on the dynamics of Spanish GDP in the context of its direct influence on the level of productivity, employment rate, as well as the demographic factor that results from the share of working foreigners in the creation of national income, and the indirect impact resulting from its influence on, among other things, functioning of the labor market through mobility or occupational activity, as well as on changes in the volume of demand notified in the economy. Next, we are going to present the influence of immigration on condition and standing of public finance against the background of revenues generated by foreigners and public expenditures borne on immigrated population. Due to the size of this paper and difficult availability of data, the analysis will cover the country as a whole, disregarding regional differences
Colposcopic Evaluation of Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid Positive Cases of Unhealthy Cervix
Authors: Kasem Setara Binte , Razzaque Shaikh Abdur , Adiba Raisa , Anika Selma , Banik Mala 
Published: March 2019

Cervical cancer is the commonest form of cancer in women in virtually all developing countries1. It is the third most common cancer among women worldwide2. Almost 80% of cervical cancer occurs in developing countries. In developed nations, the figure for invasive cervical cancer are much lower due to adaptation of different screening tests1. All sexually active women are at risk of acquiring a Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection which may lead to cervical cancer in the future3. Cervical cancer is a preventable disease as the different screening, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are effective. The screening procedures are VIA (Visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid), Pap’s smear and HPV DNA test. Colposcopy is the triage in screening, taking colpospoy directed biopsy as well as treatment of CIN such as cold coagulation, cryotherapy, and LEEP (Loop electro-surgical excision procedure)4. Objective: To study the role of Colposcopy in the evaluation VIA positive cases of unhealthy cervix, to localize the leisons to obtain the biopsies from the selected areas and detection of precancerous lesion of cervix for early management. Meterials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study done among 306 married women aged 18-65 years who had clinically unhealthy cervix attending the VIA and colposcopy clinic in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital from January 2015 to December 2016. All the patients were subjected to VIA test. Colposcopic evaluation done in VIA positive cases and the findings were noted. Colposcopy directed biopsy was taken from colposcopically suspected areas. Results: Out of 306 cases, 63 women had positive VIA tests and 233 women had negative VIA tests. Colposcopic evaluation were undertaken among 63 VIA positive cases. Colposcopy directed punch biopsy revealed that 28 (60.32%) cases had positive lesions like CIN or invasive carcinoma and 25 (39.68%) had neither CIN or invasive lesions . Among positive leisons about 30.16% had CINI, 1.59 % had CIN II, 0% had CIN III and 28.57% had invasive carcinoma. In this study sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy examination of VIA positive cases were found 94.74% and 56% respectively. Conclusion: It is evident that colposcopy plays a very important role in the evaluation of VIA positive cases of unhealthy cervix. So that early diagnosis and treatment of preinvasive and early invasive carcinoma of cervixis is possible. So wide use of colposcopy in screening program of Bangladesh speciallly in the VIA positive cases can reduce the many young women’s morbidity and mortality.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2019; 37(2): 60-65
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Teenage and Young Women
Authors: Nahar Kamrun 
Published: March 2019

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an inherent ovarian dysfunction. It is a common health problem that can affect teen girls and young women. PCOS is characterized by hyperandrogenism, irregular ovulatory cycle and metabolic derangement , including glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinaemia. Hyperandrogenism is a clinical hallmark of PCOS. Hypersecretion of androgen by the stromal theca cell of polycystic ovary is cardinal clinical manifestation. Though the exact cause of PCOS is not known , the syndrome can result from disturbance in the hypothalamo pituitary ovarian axis and hyperinsulinaemia. Several definitions have been produced to describe the disease. European society of human reproduction and embryology and the American society for reproductive medicine in 2004 define PCOS as manifestation of two of the following three
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2019; 37(2): 78-82
PAX-Patios de la Axerquía y el valor social del patrimonio
Authors: Redaelli Gaia Angelica 
Published: March 2019

Si la burbuja inmobiliaria representa la ocupación indiscriminada del territorio, España sufre hoy el acoso de esa misma especulación, pero en la ciudad consolidada, en las casas de sus habitantes. La dicotomía entre economía global y cultura local afecta sobre todo a aquellos entornos que han sufrido mayor crisis y, al mismo tiempo, tienen mayor valor patrimonial, como las ciudades del Mediterráneo. PAX-Patios de la Axerquía, impulsada por un grupo de arquitectos/as y antropólogos/as, es una estrategia de regeneración urbana con procesos cooperativos para la puesta en uso de las casas-patio vacías en el casco histórico de Córdoba. El re-uso de la ciudad existente, en su valor patrimonial material e inmaterial en un barrio objeto de gentrificación, es una operación bottom-up en política de vivienda, patrimonio, reactivación urbana e innovación social, a través de la actualización del uso de los patios con procesos cooperativos. En coherencia con la Convención de Faro y el valor social del patrimonio.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS LARUTAN MADU SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus DAN Pseudomonas aeruginosae DENGAN METODE DISK DIFFUSION
Authors: Yuliati Yuliati 
Published: March 2019

Honey is one of the traditional medicine that can be used in the community for wound treatment since centuries ago. Honey has an antibacterial effect, due to its high osmolarity , hydrogen peroxide content, low pH and low activity. The pH of honey is acidic (ranges about 3.2-4.5), inhibits the metabolism of Gram negative and positive bacteria, in consequence would be bacterial metabolism inhibition. This condition would lead to bacterial lysis. Honey can be used as wound treatment, controls blood sugar in diabetes patient`s, antioxidants, prevents inflammation outer layer surrounding the mouth of the laser beam treatment of cancer patients, treats gastrointestinal inflammation, as well as the material beauty products, hair and skin. This study was conducted to determine the comparative effectiveness of honey solution on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosae with various concentrations of 105 ppm, 106 ppm , 5x106 ppm , 107 ppm , and 108 ppm by well diffusion method. According to the MIC result on S .aureus, its is included in weak category, with an average diameter 6.5 mm , 10.5 mm, 12 mm, and 14.7 mm on 106 ppm, 5x106 ppm, 107 ppm, and 108 ppm, respectively. Based on the MIC result on Pseudomonas aeruginosae, it also included in weak category, with an average diameter 6 mm , 8.5 um , 9.5 mm, 10.5 mm on 106 ppm, 5x106 ppm on 106 ppm, 5x106 ppm, 107 ppm, and 108 ppm, respectively. This study concluded that antibacterial from honey solution is more effective against Staphylococcus aureus than Pseudomonas aeruginosae, although there are no significantly difference.
PREVALENSI DAN INTENSITAS INFEKSI Ascaris lumbricoides DAN Trichuris trichiura PADA ANGGOTA KELUARGA DI JAKARTA DAN CIPANAS, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Subahar Rizal , Patiah Patra , Widiastuti Widiastuti , Aulung Agus , Wibowo Heri 
Published: March 2019

The infection of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichiuris trichiura may be occured among family members. The aim ofthe study was to know the prevalence and intensity of A.lumbricoidesand T.trichiurainfections among family members in Jakarta and Cipanas, West Java. This study was conducted in two Government Schools, namely SDN Kalibaru 07 Pagi(North Jakarta) and SDN Tarigu(Cipanas, West Jawa) using a cross-sectional design. The feces samples of respondents consisted of father, mother, schoolchildren, as well as other family members. The feces samples were tested by Kato-Katz method. A total of feces samples examined was 842 samples consisting of 242 samples from Kalibaru and 600 from Cipanas. The feces samples were examined by Kato-Katz method. In Kalibaru the prevalences of A. lumbricoides and T.trichiura in father were 27,8% and 13,9%, mother 32,6% and 7,0%, schoolchildren 37,5% and 36,5%, and other family members 30,5% and 21,1% respectively. Statistically, no significant differentiation (p>0.05) of the prevalences of the intestinal helminths among faher, mother, schoolchildren, and other familiy members in Kalibaru. In Cipanas, the prevalences of A. lumbricoides andT.trichiura in fahter were 0,0% and 4,0%, mother 2,0% and 4,70%, schoolchildren 2,0% and 16,7%, and other family members 0,0% and 4,7%. The intensity of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infections among the family members in Kalibaru and Cipanans was light to moderate. The A. lumbricoides high infection was only found among schoolchildren in Kalibaru. The family members infected by A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura were a source of infection for transmitting the intestinal helminths in the community.
Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Kulit Apel (Malus sylvestris-mill) Var. Rome Beauty Terhadap Kadar Enzim SGPT Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Galur Wistar Yang Diinduksi CCL4 (Karbon Tetra Klorida)
Authors: Yus Hany , Octaviany Vina Devi , Simanjuntak Kristina 
Published: March 2019

Liver is the largest organ in the human body and often injury due to the way of all the materials into the body through the gastrointestinal tract. CCl4 constitute a chemical compound that can induce liver damage. The natural treatment to reduce liver damage can use natural substance that contains antioxidant one of them is apple. When eating an apple people’s habit throw away the peel even though the peel contain high antioxidants. This present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of apple peel extract var. rome beauty against to level of rat (Rattus norvegicus) SGPT that induced by CCl4. This study used 25 rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain that were divided into 5 groups randomly. These group are positive control, negative control, apple peel extract var. rome beauty first dose (0.12 mg / kg), the second dose (0.24 mg / kg), and the third dose (0.49 mg / kg). By using one way ANOVA test obtained significant value of alpha 0.000 (P <0.000) that means there are significant differences in effectiveness between the groups. Based on pos hoc test showed the significant differences between the positive control group to the treatment group apple peel extract var. rome beauty first dose, second dose and third dose (P <0.05), meaning that apple peel extract var. rome beauty has effectiveness to SGPT levels. Thus the apple peel extract var.rome beauty has effectiveness to SGPT level of rat that induced by CCl4.
Estudio de aceptabilidad de acelgas rojas y amarillas (Beta vulgaris variedad cicla) en preparaciones de autor en Ecuador
Authors: Hidalgo Gabriela , Heredia Susana , Yanez Patricio 
Published: March 2019

Ejemplares de acelgas rojas y amarillas (Beta vulgaris variedad cicla) fueron cultivadas en huertos de la Escuela de Gastronomía (Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, ESPOCH) de manera orgánica durante 2013; las hojas de ambos tipos de acelgas fueron posteriormente incluidas en platos de autor. Se utilizaron hojas por su importante aporte nutricional. Posteriormente, se efectuó un estudio de aceptabilidad de estos platos en la Facultad de Salud Pública (ESPOCH) a lo largo de 2014 y comienzos de 2015. El estudio fue de tipo descriptivo-experimental. Las técnicas que se utilizaron para obtener información fueron: el test de evaluación de la población participante aplicado a 50 personas y una encuesta aplicada a 400 personas.Se elaboraron diez preparaciones: cuatro platos fuertes, cinco tipos de bocaditos y un aderezo. El plato fuerte que obtuvo mayor aceptabilidad fue el de los Canelones con un porcentaje mayor al 90% en todos sus parámetros; en los bocaditos, el más aceptado fue el Souflé. Se concluye que la utilización de esta verdura (roja y amarilla) en preparaciones gastronómicas originales constituye una alternativa relevante por sus características organolépticas: color, olor, sabor agradables al paladar de la población participante de la degustación, por lo que se recomienda su cultivo y la elaboración de estos platos para su consumo, por su importante contenido nutricional, beneficioso para la salud.
El Rol del juzgador en las audiencias previstas en el Código Orgánico General de Procesos
Authors: Gallegos Rita Ximena 
Published: March 2019

El objeto de este trabajo fue determinar el rol del juzgador en las audiencias previstas en el Código Orgánico General de Procesos en el sistema procesal ecuatoriano, sus facultades y limitaciones. Se analizaron además los aspectos relevantes del papel del juez como conciliador y decisor, todo esto desde el ámbito doctrinario, normativo y un estudio comparado con el extinto Código de Procedimiento Civil ecuatoriano, así como con los Código Procesal Uruguayo y colombiano. Se analizó el rol imparcial del juez en el desarrollo de las audiencias, por cuanto, la expedición del Código Orgánico General de Procesos cobra importancia, en la normativa procesal civil ecuatoriana, pues permite descongestionar el lento sistema judicial imperante desde el siglo XX, con el fin de garantizar el debido proceso, en base a los principios de inmediación, contradicción, concentración, continuidad, publicidad y dispositivo, propios del sistema oral.
Acceptability and psychological impact of out-of-office monitoring to diagnose hypertension: an evaluation of survey data from primary care patients
Authors: Tompson Alice C , Ward Alison M , McManus Richard J , Perera Rafael , Thompson Matthew J , Heneghan Carl J , Nunan David 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundOut-of-office blood pressure (BP) is recommended for diagnosing hypertension in primary care due to its increased accuracy compared to office BP. Moreover, being diagnosed as hypertensive has previously been linked to lower wellbeing. There is limited evidence regarding the acceptability of out-of-office BP and its impact on wellbeing.AimTo assess the acceptability and psychological impact of out-of-office monitoring in people with suspected hypertension.Design and settingA pre- and post-evaluation of participants with elevated (≥130 mmHg) systolic BP, assessing the psychological impact of 28 days of self-monitoring followed by ambulatory BP monitoring for 24 hours.MethodParticipants completed standardised psychological measures pre- and post-monitoring, and a validated acceptability scale post-monitoring. Descriptive data were compared using χ2 tests and binary logistic regression. Pre- and post-monitoring comparisons were made using the paired t–test and Wilcoxon signed rank test.ResultsOut-of-office BP monitoring had no impact on depression and anxiety status in 93% and 85% of participants, respectively. Self-monitoring was more acceptable than ambulatory monitoring (n = 183, median 2.4, interquartile range [IQR] 1.9–3.1 versus median 3.2, IQR 2.7–3.7, P<0.01). When asked directly, 48/183 participants (26%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 20 to 33%) reported that self-monitoring made them anxious, and 55/183 (30%, 95% CI = 24 to 37%) reported that ambulatory monitoring made them anxious.ConclusionOut-of-office monitoring for hypertension diagnosis does not appear to be harmful. However, health professionals should be aware that in some patients it induces feelings of anxiety, and self-monitoring may be preferable to ambulatory monitoring.
Reef Rugosity and Butterflyfish Community Structure in Punta Dumalag Marine Protected Area, Davao City
Authors: Mamora Samuel Herbert T. 
Published: March 2019

This study investigated the rugosity and butterflyfish community structure in Punta Dumalag, Davao City in twelve transects distributed in three stations. The transects were laid parallel to the shore at a depth of five to six meters in three stations. Rugosity indices, percent hard coral cover, butterflyfish species richness, abundance, diversity, biomass and density across all sampling stations registered low values, which may be attributed to a combination of fishing pressure and a strong prolonged southeast monsoon. Correlation analysis between rugosity and butterflyfish abundance showed low correlation coefficients that were statistically not significant, which may be caused by the confounding effect of interactions among fish species, territorial activities by fish species affecting reef structural complexity and low sample size.
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Kinematic Analysis of Sipa sa Mangis: Exploring the Science of the Art
Authors: Noh Yong Goh , Martin Lorie B. 
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study is to give a baseline information on the kinematic study of kicking, Sipa sa Mangis, and to determine what muscle activities are involved during that motion. Sipa sa Mangis is one of the traditional sports of Muslim people in Mindanao. Inside kick is the primary skill used in this sport. This study was conducted at Sports Biomechanics Laboratory Facility of Korea Institute of Sports Science, Seoul South Korea. To analyze the motion, Nineteen (19) High definition infrared motion cameras (Qualisys Oqus 701+19) were placed with the Ground Reaction Force Plate at the center of a captured volume of a 3m x 4m x 2m. (Kistler Type 9281B11). The coordination was calibrated using an L-frame and T-wand for 60 seconds at a sampling rate of 120 frames /sec. Each camera was synchronized using data cables while one master camera delivered the data to the main frame via a LAN cable. The data was analyzed and processed through Qualisys Track Manager. To determine the muscle activities while kicking, the surface Electromyography (EMG) fitted electrodes were placed at the 12 motor points of the leg muscles. All the three sets of data were analyzed using RMS and FIR frequency filters. The initial and termination portion of the signals were ignored for analysis to avoid any noise creeping in. The sampling rate is 1500Hz where RMS filter was calibrated at 50ms and FIR filters at 80-250Hz. Result of the study is revealed through EMG analysis; the Right Tibia Anterior and Right Gastrocnemius muscles were highly activated throughout the different phases of kicking motion.
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Variation of the Mid-infrared versus Hα Luminosity Correlation with Increasing Redshift for Galaxies in the Local Universe
Authors: Zhu Yinan , Wu Hong , Jin Junjie 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The correlation between mid-infrared (MIR) and Hα luminosity (hereafter referred to as the MIR versus Hα correlation) has been investigated for years, and these approximate linear correlations have been applied to many studies to derive the ongoing star formation rate (SFR) for galaxies near and far. We present and analyze the correlations between rest-frame 12 and 22 μm and Hα luminosities for a large sample of star-forming galaxies with redshift ranging from 0.03 to 0.15 selected in the cross-matched SDSS DR7 and ALLWISE survey. For the galaxies located in a relatively narrow redshift bin (Δz ∼ 0.01), we find that the fitting slope of the MIR versus Hα correlation is always less than 1, and less than the slope derived for all the star-forming galaxies covering a broad redshift range (0.03 < z < 0.15). Additionally, the fitting intercept increases with redshift. We check the influence on the L[MIR] versus L[Hα] correlation from K- and aperture correction, the variation of either star formation history or morphology, and find their influence is not large enough to account for the inconsistency of the MIR versus Hα correlation individually. We also find that there is possible evolution for the SFR versus M* (stellar mass) correlation within the redshift coverage from 0.03 to 0.15. Finally, we warn that an unwanted error might be brought in if the MIR versus Hα correlation derived from the sample covering a large redshift interval has been applied, and indicate an explicit study is needed to establish an accurate, redshift-independent MIR versus Hα correlation.
The Substructures in the Local Stellar Halo from Gaia and LAMOST
Authors: Li Hefan , Du Cuihua , Liu Shuai , Thomas Donlon  , Newberg Heidi Jo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Based on the second Gaia data release and spectroscopy from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope Data, we identified 20,089 halo stars kinematically and chemically. The halo streams in the solar neighborhood could be detected in the space of energy and angular momentum. We reshuffle the velocities of these stars to determine the significance of substructure. Finally, we identify four statistically significant substructures that are labeled GL-1 through 4. Among these substructures, GL-1 is a previously known stream (“N2” stream), and the other three substructures are new. These substructures may be the debris of dwarf galaxy accretion event; their dynamical and chemical information can help us to understand the history of the Milky Way.
Explaining the Statistical Properties of Fast Radio Bursts with Suppressed Low-frequency Emission
Authors: Ravi Vikram , Loeb Abraham 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The possibility of fast radio burst (FRB) emission being suppressed at low frequencies, resulting in a cutoff of the average rest-frame spectrum, has been raised as an explanation for the lack of detections at meter wavelengths. We examine propagation effects that could cause this suppression, and find that a low-frequency spectral cutoff may be generic regardless of the specific FRB emission mechanism. We then illustrate the effects of a low-frequency spectral cutoff on the statistics of FRBs, given a cosmological source population. The observed FRB rate peaks at a specific frequency under a variety of assumptions. Observations at lower frequencies are more sensitive to high-redshift events than observations above the maximal-rate frequency, and therefore result in more sharply broken fluence distributions. Our results suggest that the absence of low-frequency FRBs, and the differences between the Parkes and the Australian Square Kilometre Array FRB samples, can be fully explained by suppressed low-frequency FRB emission.