bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quickest physical‐layer MGD anomaly detection for jamming attacks in centralized modulated wideband converter‐based ROC curve
Authors: Moumena Ahmed 
Published: August 2019

SummaryIn wireless communication systems, physical‐layer security menaces have evolved from jammers. Jammers, due to their furtive nature, make wireless communication systems vulnerable. The novelty in this work is to combine centralized modulated wideband converter, which is a networking system developed from the modulated wideband converter–based sub‐Nyquist sampling theory with a multivariate Gaussian distribution (MGD) anomaly detector‐based receiver operating characteristic curve that plot the detection rate (DR) versus false alarm rate (FAR) at various threshold values. We supposed the presence of a group of jammers in the spectrum corrupted with the primary source signal and noise. The received primary signal at each cognitive radio (CR) receiver is converted in to a digital signal using an analog‐to‐information converter. Each CR receiver give minimum number of samples denoted N1. All these compressed samples from every CR receiver are collected in the form of matrix called compressed sampling matrix, which is considered directly as the input of the MGD detector. The intelligent MGD detector proposed in the level of fusion center is based on the characteristics of the MGD. The numerical results show that this new system of combination detects faster anomalies perfectly in the presence of jammers in the spectrum in real‐time scenarios. Performance evaluation is performed in terms of DR versus FAR at different detection threshold values, under the presence of attacks in the system. By employing well‐known machine learning algorithms called MGD, the performance of this new proposed system shows good.
Angiotensin II‐induced micro RNA‐21 culprit for non‐small‐cell lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Luan Zhaoji , Liu Baoliang , Shi Lina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLung cancer is among the most complicated cancers, with an estimated 1.6 million deaths each year for both men and women. However, the proportion of lung cancer patients in developing nations has increased from 31% to 49.9% in the last two decades. There are two main subtypes of lung cancer, small‐cell lung carcinoma and non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), accounting for 15% and 85% of all lung cancer, respectively. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer in smokers and nonsmokers in men and women regardless of their age. Chemicals in cigarette smoke and nicotine enter our bloodstream and can then affect the entire body and finally lead to the activation of several important, pro‐survival signaling pathways. The biologically active peptide of RAAS on overstimulation enhance Ang II mediates cell proliferation, fibrosis and inflammatory effects via AT1 receptor. Very few studies highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of miRNAs with the EGFR‐regulated miRNA‐21.
Historical faunal exchange between the Pontocaspian Basin and North America
Authors: Vandendorpe Justine , van Baak Christiaan G. C. , Stelbrink Björn , Delicado Diana , Albrecht Christian , Wilke Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEcrobia is a genus of small brackish‐water mud snails with an amphi‐Atlantic distribution. Interestingly, the species occurring in the northwestern Atlantic, Ecrobia truncata, is more closely related to the Pontocaspian taxa, Ecrobia grimmi and Ecrobia maritima, than to the species occurring in the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. At least three colonization scenarios may account for this peculiar biogeographical pattern: (1) a recent human‐mediated dispersal, (2) a historical transatlantic interchange, and (3) a historical transpolar interchange. To test these three scenarios, we used five operational criteria—time of species divergence, first appearance in the fossil record, dispersal limitation as well as environmental filtering and biotic interactions along the potential migration routes. Specifically, we inferred a time‐calibrated molecular phylogeny for Ecrobia and reconstructed a paleogeographical map of the Arctic Ocean at 2.5 million years ago (Mya). Based on the five operational criteria, scenarios 1 and 2 can likely be rejected. In contrast, all criteria support scenario 3 (historical transpolar interchange). It is therefore suggested that a bird‐mediated and/or ocean current‐mediated faunal interchange via the Arctic Ocean occurred during the Late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene. This dispersal was likely facilitated by reduced distances between the Eurasian and North American/Greenland landmasses, marine introgressions, and/or a stepping‐stone system of brackish‐water habitats in northern Siberia, as well as a lack of competition along the migration route. As for the direction of dispersal, the scientific data presented are not conclusive. However, there is clearly more support for the scenario of dispersal from the Pontocaspian Basin to North America than vice versa. This is the first study providing evidence for a natural faunal exchange between the Pontocaspian Basin and North America via the Arctic Ocean.
Comparative Analysis of the Developmental Toxicity in Xenopus laevis and Danio rerio Induced by Al2O3 Nanoparticle Exposure
Authors: Ismail Tayaba , Lee Hyun-Kyung , Kim Chowon , Kim Youni , Lee Hongchan , Kim Jun-Hyeong , Kwon Song , Huh Tae-Lin , Khang Dongwoo , Kim Sang-Hyun , Choi Sun-Cheol , Lee Hyun-Shik 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Engineered aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) having high-grade thermal stability and water-dispersion properties are extensively used in different industries and personal care products. Toxicological response evaluation of these NPs is indispensable in assessing the health risks and exposure limits because of their industrial disposal into the aquatic environment. We assessed and compared the developmental toxicity of Al2O3 NPs in Xenopus laevis and Danio rerio over a period of 96 h using the frog embryo teratogenic assay Xenopus and a fish embryo toxicity assay. Engineered Al2O3 NP exposure produced dose-dependent embryonic mortality and decreased the embryo length, indicating a negative effect on growth. Moreover, Al2O3 NPs induced various malformations, such as small head size, a bent/deformed axis, edema, and gut malformation, dose-dependently and altered the expression of heart- and liver-specific genes in both X. laevis and D. rerio, as revealed by whole-mount in-situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, the toxicological data suggest that Al2O3 NPs are developmentally toxic and teratogenic and negatively affect the embryonic development of X. laevis and D. rerio. Our study can serve as a model for the toxicological evaluation of nanomaterial exposure on vertebrate development that is critical to ensure human and environmental safety. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2672–2681. © 2019 SETAC
A synthetic library of allylmethoxyphenyl esters: spectral characterization and gas chromatographic behavior
Authors: Mladenović Marko Z. , Radulović Niko S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA recent identification of eugenyl (allylmethoxyphenyl) esters as Anthemis segetalis Ten. (Asteraceae) essential oil constituents, accomplished by means of organic synthesis, motivated us to expand the existing synthetic library with an aim to examine the generality of structure‐chromatographic property relationships within this series of volatiles. Herein, the design, synthesis, gas–chromatographic and spectral characterization of members of a library of 85 allylmethoxyphenyl esters (64 are completely new) were described. Analysis of experimentally obtained RI data showed that esters of the same acid and different allylmethoxyphenols always elute in the same order from an apolar gas chromatography (DB‐5MS) column: 2‐allyl‐6‐methoxyphenyl < 2‐allyl‐3‐methoxyphenyl < 2‐allyl‐5‐methoxyphenyl < 2‐allyl‐4‐methoxyphenyl < 4‐allyl‐2‐methoxyphenyl esters. Based on the obtained RI values, several quantitative structure–property relationship models were built up that correlated several easily available parameters (e.g. Wiener [WI], Balaban [BI], and molecular topological [MTI] indices) of the mentioned esters and their RI data. The generated various quantitative structure–property relationships models (equations that predict RIs of esters of different regioisomers of allylmethoxyphenols with the same acids and the ones that predict RIs of esters of different acids with the same allylmethoxyphenols) were tested on data of previously known related esters. RI data of esters of allylmethoxyphenol regioisomers could be successfully predicted based on 1D topological indices, such as the Balaban, Wiener, and molecular topological indices. Together with RI and MS data accumulated in this work, these models represent a new and simple tool for the identification of allylmethoxyphenyl esters that might potentially represent new or rare natural products.
Using adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system and multiple linear regression to estimate orange taste
Authors: Mokarram Marzieh , Amin Hosein , Khosravi Mohammad R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this research, some characteristic qualities of orange fruits such as vitamin C and acid content; weight; fruit and skin diameter; and red (R), green (G), and blue (B) values of the RGB color model for 70 samples were used to predict the taste of orange grown in Darab, southeast of Fars Province, Iran, by multiple linear regression (MLR) and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). To use MLR, firstly the most important input data were selected, and then, the best model to predict the taste of orange was applied. In this research, methodology of ANFIS consisted of selection of dependent orange taste, fuzzification, fuzzy inference rule, membership function, and defuzzification process. The predictive capability of these models was evaluated by various descriptive statistical indicators such as mean square error (MSE) and determination coefficient (R2). The results showed that the prediction performance of the MLR model has a strong significant relationship between orange taste and vitamin C (0.897**), red color (0.901**), and blue color (0.713*). Also, the results of ANFIS model showed that with low error for train and check data increased the most accuracy for prediction of orange taste. Moreover, the results indicated that the success rate of taste determination for orange is higher by using ANFIS compared to the MLR. This research was to provide valuable information for orange taste.
Genetic variation and relationship among content of vitamins, pigments, and sugars in baby leaf lettuce
Authors: Simko Ivan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBaby leaf lettuce harvested approximately 30 days after planting is the primary component of spring mix salads, a popular type of packaged salads. Very little is known, however, about the content of vitamins, sugars, and pigments in young lettuce plants. Therefore, plants of 42 accessions harvested at baby leaf stage were analyzed for the contents of vitamin C, ß‐carotene, anthocyanins, chlorophylls, glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Significant differences among accessions were found for content of all seven compounds plus sucrose sweetness equivalency (SSE) and average vitamin load (AVLAC). “Floricos” was highest in all sugars, SSE and vitamin C; “Taiwan” was highest in ß‐carotene and AVLAC, and “Annapolis” and “Darkland” were highest for anthocyanins and chlorophyll contents, respectively. The lowest content of glucose and sucrose was found in iceberg “Salinas,” fructose in L. serriola accession UC96US23, vitamin C in PI 257288, and β‐carotene in “Solar.” The lowest relative sweetness (SSE) was calculated for UC96US23, followed by “Salinas,” while the lowest AVLAC was estimated for PI 257288. There were very strong, positive correlations among contents of the three sugars, and between β‐carotene and vitamin C, and β‐carotene and anthocyanins. Composition profiles of accessions presented in this study, together with identified associations between compounds, can be used by breeders, growers, and producers to select lettuces with desirable combinations of sugars, pigments, and vitamins. This information can help in development of new cultivars and breeding lines with desirable combination of traits, pleasing taste, and higher vitamin content.
Statistical Short Time Analysis for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Diagnostic‐Application to Water Management
Authors: Dib A. , Maizia R. , Martemianov S. , Thomas A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHigh frequency concomitant voltage and pressure measurements on a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell are presented in this paper. Voltage, anodic and cathodic pressure measurements were shown to be highly sensitive to gas relative humidity and temperature of the cell. Fast voltage dips corresponding to pressure spikes at the anode were observed and indicate a flooding occurrence due to the blockage of anode inlet by liquid water. In a generalize flooding of the cell, pressure drop fluctuations are easily recognizable and result in voltage fluctuations and drift. A methodology based on short‐time analysis on both, voltage and pressure signals, is used to quantify the effects of flooding and drying within proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems. Intermittent behavior is highlighted on the standard deviation of the voltage for flooding and drying cases. Simultaneous analysis of the standard deviation short‐time for voltage and pressure signals allows for the differentiation between flooding and drying cases. Concomitant pressure and voltage fluctuations can be easily detected and monitored for a reliable diagnostic of proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems.
Zircon U–Pb dating and whole‐rock geochemistry of volcanic rocks in eastern Heilongjiang Province, NE China: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Mudanjiang and Paleo‐Pacific oceans from the Jurassic to Cretaceous
Authors: Liu Kai , Wilde Simon A. , Zhang Jinjiang , Xiao Wenjiao , Wang Meng , Ge Maohui 
Published: August 2019

The eastern Heilongjiang Province, NE China, is located in the eastern CAOB (Central Asian Orogenic Belt). Previous studies suggest that subduction of the Mudanjiang and Paleo‐Pacific oceans had been initiated in this area during the early Mesozoic. However, research on the Mesozoic volcanic rocks is insufficient, limiting our understanding of the relationship between magmatism and subduction process. To solve the problem, seven volcanic rocks in the Lesser Xing'an‐Zhangguangcai Range and the Jiamusi Block were collected for zircon U–Pb dating (SHRIMP) and whole‐rock geochemical analysis. Most samples from the Lesser Xing'an‐Zhangguangcai Range are Jurassic in age (189–178 Ma), including andesite, trachyandesite, trachydacite, and rhyolite. The andesitic to trachytic rocks were generated by magma mixing at an active continental margin, whereas the rhyolite is highly fractionated I‐type. All the samples from the Jiamusi Block and one basaltic andesite from the Lesser Xing'an Range are late Early Cretaceous in age (ca. 100 Ma) and were formed in a back‐arc extensional setting (roll‐back). Fractional crystallization was important in the generation of most Cretaceous rocks (basalt to trachydacite). However, magma mixing or crustal contamination was required to explain some andesites from the Jiamusi Block showing extremely low Cr, Ni, and Mg#. When integrated with the coeval blueschist‐facies metamorphism, the Early Jurassic volcanism indicates an active continental margin in the Lesser Xing'an‐Zhangguangcai Range due to the westward subduction of the Mudanjiang Ocean. After the closure of the Mudanjiang Ocean, two NE/NNE trending sinistral strike‐slip faults in NE China were triggered, accompanied by the slab roll‐back of the Paleo‐Pacific oceanic plate. The Jurassic continental arc and accretionary complexes in NE China were cut through by the two strike‐slip faults and bended to form small oroclines. At ca. 100 Ma, numerous accretionary complexes were accreted along the eastern margin of the CAOB, further forcing the retreat of trench and slab roll‐back. The late Early Cretaceous intra‐continental volcanism was generated in the Lesser Xing'an‐Zhangguangcai Range and Jiamusi Block during this roll‐back process.
Genesis of giant Fe‐Ti oxide deposits in the Panxi region, SW China: A review
Authors: Wang Kun , Dong Huan , Liu Rui 
Published: August 2019

The Panxi region, SW China, has been an important source of Fe, Ti, and V metals in the world. Several giant deposits, such as the Panzhihua, Hongge, Baima and Taihe, are hosted in ca. 260 Ma mafic‐ultramafic layered intrusions in this region. These Fe‐Ti oxide‐bearing intrusions are unique in that they contain large proportions of massive ores in the lower and middle parts within the relatively small bodies. It is generally acknowledged that they have Fe‐Ti–rich and Si‐poor parental magmas that were derived from a Fe‐rich mantle source containing pyroxenite/eclogite components and follow a tholeiitic differentiation trend at depth. However, it remains controversial on the mechanism of forming such large amounts of Fe‐Ti oxides, with two main views of fractional crystallization and magma unmixing. Integrating previous studies, we suggest that magma unmixing has happened during the evolution of the Fe‐Ti‐rich magmas. Separation of immiscible Si‐rich melts led to the accumulation of denser Fe‐rich melt in the lower part of magma chamber. Large amounts of Fe‐Ti oxides crystallized from the immiscible Fe‐rich melt to form the major massive ores. The combined effects of fractional crystallization and magma unmixing can explain the enigmatic features of the Fe‐Ti oxide‐bearing layered intrusions in the Panxi region.
Long‐distance effects of epidemics: Assessing the link between the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak and U.S. exports and employment
Authors: Kostova Deliana , Cassell Cynthia H. , Redd John T. , Williams Desmond E. , Singh Tushar , Martel Lise D. , Bunnell Rebecca E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough the economic consequences of epidemic outbreaks to affected areas are often well documented, little is known about how these might carry over into the economies of unaffected regions. In the absence of direct pathogen transmission, global trade is one mechanism through which geographically distant epidemics could reverberate to unaffected countries. This study explores the link between global public health events and U.S. economic outcomes by evaluating the role of the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak in U.S. exports and exports‐supported U.S. jobs, 2005–2016. Estimates were obtained using difference‐in‐differences models where sub‐Saharan Africa countries were assigned to treatment and comparison groups based on their Ebola transmission status, with controls for observed and unobserved time‐variant factors that may independently influence trends in trade. Multiple model specification checks were performed to ensure analytic robustness. The year of peak transmission, 2014, was estimated to result in $1.08 billion relative reduction in U.S. merchandise exports to Ebola‐affected countries, whereas estimated losses in exports‐supported U.S. jobs exceeded 1,200 in 2014 and 11,000 in 2015. These findings suggest that remote disruptions in health security might play a role in U.S. economic indicators, demonstrating the interconnectedness between global health and aspects of the global economy and informing the relevance of health security efforts.
Practice variation in long‐term care access and use: The role of the ability to pay
Authors: Duell Daisy , Lindeboom Maarten , Koolman Xander , Portrait France 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTPractice variation in publicly financed long‐term care (LTC) may be inefficient and inequitable, similarly to practice variation in the health care sector. Although most OECD countries spend an increasing share of their gross domestic product on LTC, it has received comparatively little attention to date compared with the health care sector. This paper contributes to the literature by assessing and comparing regional practice variation in both access to and use of institutional LTC and investigating its relation with income and out‐of‐pocket payment. For this, we have access to unique individual‐level data covering the entire Dutch population. Even though we found practice variation in the use of LTC once access was granted, the variation between regions was still relatively small compared with international standards. In addition, we showed how a co‐payment measure could be used to reduce practice variation across care office regions and income classes making the LTC system not only more efficient but also more equitable.
Recruiting and retaining dental labor in federal facilities: Harder than pulling teeth?
Authors: Richards Michael R. , Wing Coady 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe U.S. Veterans Administration (VA) is a large publicly financed health system that has long struggled with provider shortages. Shortages may arise at the VA because it offers different compensation than private sector employment options or because of differences in the way that labor is supplied to public versus private employers. In the mid‐2000s, the VA adopted a more generous and flexible pay schedule for its dentists. We exploit this salary schedule change to study the impact of a positive wage shock on dental labor supplied to the VA, within a difference‐in‐differences framework. We find limited effects on VA separation and new hire rates overall—though early career dentists appear more sensitive to the wage change. More generous pay has its clearest effects on employment type for VA dentists, reducing the likelihood of being part‐time by roughly 10%.
A Bile Duct‐on‐a‐Chip With Organ‐Level Functions
Authors: Du Yu , Khandekar Gauri , Llewellyn Jessica , Polacheck William , Chen Christopher S. , Wells Rebecca G. 
Published: August 2019

Background and Aims
Chronic cholestatic liver diseases, such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), are frequently associated with damage to the barrier function of the biliary epithelium. Here, we report on a bile duct‐on‐a‐chip that phenocopies not only the tubular architecture of the bile duct in three dimensions, but also its barrier functions.

Approach and Results
We showed that mouse cholangiocytes in the channel of the device became polarized and formed mature tight junctions, that the permeability of the cholangiocyte monolayer was comparable to ex vivo measurements, and that cholangiocytes in the device were mechanosensitive (as demonstrated by changes in calcium flux under applied luminal flow). Permeability decreased significantly when cells formed a compact monolayer with cell densities comparable to those observed in vivo. This device enabled independent access to the apical and basolateral surfaces of the cholangiocyte channel, allowing proof‐of‐concept toxicity studies with the biliary toxin, biliatresone, and the bile acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid. The cholangiocyte basolateral side was more vulnerable than the apical side to treatment with either agent, suggesting a protective adaptation of the apical surface that is normally exposed to bile. Further studies revealed a protective role of the cholangiocyte apical glycocalyx, wherein disruption of the glycocalyx with neuraminidase increased the permeability of the cholangiocyte monolayer after treatment with glycochenodeoxycholic acid.

Conclusions
This bile duct‐on‐a‐chip captured essential features of a simplified bile duct in structure and organ‐level functions and represents an in vitro platform to study the pathophysiology of the bile duct using cholangiocytes from a variety of sources.