bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrically evoked wrist extensor muscle fatigue throughout repetitive motion as measured by mechanomyography and near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Mohamad Saadon Nurul Salwani , Hamzaid Nur Azah , Hasnan Nazirah , Dzulkifli Muhammad Afiq , Davis Glen M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRepetitive electrically-evoked muscle contraction leads to accelerated muscle fatigue. This study assessed electrically-evoked fatiguing muscle with changes to mechanomyography root mean square percentage (%RMS-MMG) and tissue saturation index (%TSI) in extensor carpi radialis. Forty healthy volunteers (n=40) performed repetitive electrical-evoked wrist extension to fatigue and results were analyzed pre- and post-fatigue, i.e. 50% power output (%PO) drop. Responses of %PO, %TSI and %RMS-MMG were correlated while the relationships between %RMS-MMG and %TSI were investigated using linear regression. The %TSI for both groups were negatively correlated with declining %PO as the ability of the muscle to take up oxygen became limited due to fatigued muscle. The %RMS-MMG behaved in two different patterns post-fatigue against declining %PO whereby; (i) group A showed positive correlation (%RMS-MMG decreased) throughout the session and (ii) group B demonstrated negative correlation (%RMS-MMG increased) with declining %PO until the end of the session. Regression analysis showed %TSI was inversely proportional to %RMS-MMG during post-fatigue in group A. Small gradients in both groups suggested that %TSI was not sensitive to the changes in %RMS-MMG and they were mutually exclusive. Most correlation and regression changed significantly post-fatigue indicating that after fatigue, the condition of muscle had changed mechanically and physiologically.
Serum cytokines, adipokines and ferritin for non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease: a systematic review
Authors: Haghgoo Seyyed Mortaza , Sharafi Heidar , Alavian Seyed Moayed 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChronic liver disease (CLD) is a major health problem worldwide. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic hepatitis C (CHC), chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are the most common etiologies of CLD. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for assessment of liver fibrosis, however, it is an invasive method. This review attempts to evaluate the usefulness of serum adiponectin, serum leptin, serum ferritin, serum transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and serum platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) as non-invasive markers in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. A systematic search in MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and local databases was performed to identify articles published in English or Persian as of November 2017. Studies conducted among CLD patients, with biopsy proven fibrosis/cirrhosis, and providing sufficient details of patients’ clinicopathological characteristics were included. In the 95 studies included, there were a total of 15,548 CLD patients. More than 83% of studies were carried out in Asia and Europe. The relationship between liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and serum levels of ferritin, adiponectin, leptin, TGF-β1, and PDGF-BB was assessed in 42, 33, 27, nine, and three studies, respectively. Serum levels of the markers, particularly ferritin, could successfully predict liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, however, these data might not be clinically replicated and further studies are needed.
Return Mapping Algorithms (RMAs) for Two-Yield Surface Thermoviscoplastic Models Using the Consistent Tangent Operator
Authors: Antoni Grégory , Lebon Frédéric , Désoyer Thierry 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The return mapping algorithms (RMAs) presented here are designed for use with pressure-dependent thermoviscoplastic constitutive models involving irreversible effects associated with solid–solid phase transformations. During the volume solid–solid phase transformations occurring under mechanical loads, an “anomalous” plasticity, the so-called “TRansformation Induced Plasticity” (TRIP), is generated at much lower stress levels than those related to the yield stress of the material in the context of the classical plasticity. TRIP mechanisms are superimposed on the classical plasticity which is liable to occur in the case of metallic materials. Based on a non-standard generalized material framework, two different models are presented in which an “associative” plastic flow is introduced in the context of classical plasticity and a “non-associative” flow rule in the context of TRIP-like plasticity. In this paper, a complete algorithmic treatment of these two rate-dependent constitutive models is therefore proposed with the associated consistent tangent operator for dealing the quasi-surface irreversible solid–solid transformations which can appear in metal alloys during specific thermomechanical solicitations. The predictive abilities of the presented numerical procedure for modelling this kind of the irreversible solid–solid transformations involving two plasticity processes are tested and assessed by performing a two-dimensional finite-element analysis on some numerical examples.
Vitamin A and β-carotene in pregnant and breastfeeding post-bariatric women in an urban population
Authors: Garretto Diana , Kim Youn-Kyung , Quadro Loredana , Rhodas Rebekah R. , Pimentel Veronica , Crnosija Natalie A. , Nie Lizhou , Bernstein Peter , Tropper Pamela , Neal-Perry Genevieve S. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
As breastfeeding awareness and social acceptance are increased, maternal nutritional deficiency requires more investigation.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted to determine if vitamin A deficiency is more common in pregnant, lactating post-bariatric surgery women in an inner city population. Antepartum, women after bariatric surgery and controls with no history of malabsorption were recruited. Third trimester, postpartum maternal blood and cord blood were collected as well as three breast milk samples: colostrum, transitional and mature milk. A nutritional survey of diet was completed. Each serum sample was analyzed for total retinol and β-carotene; breast milk samples were analyzed for retinol and retinyl esters, total retinol and β-carotene.

Results
Fifty-three women after bariatric surgery and 66 controls were recruited. Postpartum serum retinol was significantly higher in women after bariatric surgery in the univariate analysis (P<0.0001) and confirmed in the multiple linear mixed model (P=0.0001). Breast milk colostrum retinol and transitional milk total retinol were significantly greater in the bariatric surgery group in the univariate analysis (P=0.03 and P=0.02, respectively), but not after adjusting for confounders. Serum β-carotene in the third trimester and postpartum were lower (P<0.0001 and P=0.003, respectively) in the bariatric surgery group but not after adjusting for confounders. Vitamin A deficiency was high in both groups in serum and breast milk samples.

Conclusion
Nutritional deficiencies in breastfeeding women after bariatric surgeries may in fact be less common than in control women in an inner city.
Thermo-oxidative and thermal degradation kinetics of silica/polymethyl methacrylate composites with electrostatic interaction phase interfaces
Authors: Li Hongyan , Fu Yongqiang , Liu Hongli , Sun Cong , Li Ruyi , Song Limeng , Yang Aiwu , Wei Dongqing 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The thermo-oxidative and thermal degradation kinetic parameters of polymethyl methacrylate-methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride/silica aerogel composites (PMMA-MTC/SA) were investigated in this paper and were compared with the thermal stability and thermal conductivity of different types of composites. As a composite with electrostatic interaction, the thermo-oxidative and thermal degradation activation energies (E) of PMMA-MTC/SA were 173.97 and 188.05 kJ/mol, respectively. The results indicated that the electrostatic interaction could indeed enhance the thermal stability of silica/polymethyl methacrylate composites on the premise of good mechanical properties and heat insulation performance. It is of great significance for the further development of silica-based thermal insulation composites.
Introduction: hydrogen storage as solution for a changing energy landscape
Authors: Zell Thomas , Langer Robert 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The expansion of sustainable technologies and infrastructures for the production and delivery of energy to the final consumer and the development of new technologies for energy production, storage and distribution, are challenging and inevitable tasks. Power plants based on the combustion of fossil fuel resources or nuclear power plants are not suitable to provide energy in the future due to significant disadvantages and dangers associated with these outdated technologies. The development of new sustainable technologies for the production of energy is desirable. Besides focusing on the production step, the change in global energy landscape requires also new and improved energy storage systems. Requirements for these storage solutions will strongly depend on the application. Storing energy by producing and consuming hydrogen is in this context a very attractive approach. It may be suitable for storage of energy for transportation and also for the bulk energy storage. Due to physical restrictions of high pressure hydrogen storage, alternative techniques are developed. This is, in turn, an ongoing task with multidisciplinary aspects, which combines chemistry, physics, material science and engineering. Herein, we review the production and consumption of energy, different energy storage applications, and we introduce the concept of hydrogen storage based on hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions of small molecules.
Graduierung nicht skalarer Verben
Authors: Fleischhauer Jens 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe paper deals with degree gradation of verbs in German. Gradation is a process of comparing degrees on a scale but not all gradable verbs lexicalize a suitable gradation scale. In the paper, a definition of ‘lexically scalar predicate’ is proposed and based on that definition, it is argued that some gradable verbs are not lexically scalar. I argue essentially that such verbs require the activation of a gradation scale. The scale is licensed by the lexical semantics of the gradable verb but retrieved from the conceptual knowledge associated with the verb.
On the Role of Cortex-Basal Ganglia Interactions for Category Learning: A Neurocomputational Approach
Authors: Villagrasa Francesc , Baladron Javier , Vitay Julien , Schroll Henning , Antzoulatos Evan G. , Miller Earl K. , Hamker Fred H. 
Published: September 2018

In addition to the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the basal ganglia (BG) have been increasingly often reported to play a fundamental role in category learning, but the circuit mechanisms mediating their interaction remain to be explored. We developed a novel neurocomputational model of category learning that particularly addresses the BG–PFC interplay. We propose that the BG bias PFC activity by removing the inhibition of cortico–thalamo–cortical loop and thereby provide a teaching signal to guide the acquisition of category representations in the corticocortical associations to the PFC. Our model replicates key behavioral and physiological data of macaque monkey learning a prototype distortion task from Antzoulatos and Miller (2011). Our simulations allowed us to gain a deeper insight into the observed drop of category selectivity in striatal neurons seen in the experimental data and in the model. The simulation results and a new analysis of the experimental data based on the model's predictions show that the drop in category selectivity of the striatum emerges as the variability of responses in the striatum rises when confronting the BG with an increasingly larger number of stimuli to be classified. The neurocomputational model therefore provides new testable insights of systems-level brain circuits involved in category learning that may also be generalized to better understand other cortico–BG–cortical loops.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInspired by the idea that basal ganglia (BG) teach the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to acquire category representations, we developed a novel neurocomputational model and tested it on a task that was recently applied in monkey experiments. As an advantage over previous models of category learning, our model allows to compare simulation data with single-cell recordings in PFC and BG. We not only derived model predictions, but already verified a prediction to explain the observed drop in striatal category selectivity. When testing our model with a simple, real-world face categorization task, we observed that the fast striatal learning with a performance of 85% correct responses can teach the slower PFC learning to push the model performance up to almost 100%.
CREST in the Nucleus Accumbens Core Regulates Cocaine Conditioned Place Preference, Cocaine-Seeking Behavior, and Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Alaghband Yasaman , Kramár Enikö , Kwapis Janine L. , Kim Earnest S. , Hemstedt Thekla J. , López Alberto J. , White André O. , Al-Kachak Amni , Aimiuwu Osasumwen V. , Bodinayake Kasuni K. , Oparaugo Nicole C. , Han Joseph , Lattal K. Matthew , Wood Marcelo A. 
Published: September 2018

Epigenetic mechanisms result in persistent changes at the cellular level that can lead to long-lasting behavioral adaptations. Nucleosome remodeling is a major epigenetic mechanism that has not been well explored with regards to drug-seeking behaviors. Nucleosome remodeling is performed by multi-subunit complexes that interact with DNA or chromatin structure and possess an ATP-dependent enzyme to disrupt nucleosome-DNA contacts and ultimately regulate gene expression. Calcium responsive transactivator (CREST) is a transcriptional activator that interacts with enzymes involved in both histone acetylation and nucleosome remodeling. Here, we examined the effects of knocking down CREST in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core on drug-seeking behavior and synaptic plasticity in male mice as well as drug-seeking in male rats. Knocking down CREST in the NAc core results in impaired cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) as well as theta-induced long-term potentiation in the NAc core. Further, similar to the CPP findings, using a self-administration procedure, we found that CREST knockdown in the NAc core of male rats had no effect on instrumental responding for cocaine itself on a first-order schedule, but did significantly attenuate responding on a second-order chain schedule, in which responding has a weaker association with cocaine. Together, these results suggest that CREST in the NAc core is required for cocaine-induced CPP, synaptic plasticity, as well as cocaine-seeking behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study demonstrates a key role for the role of Calcium responsive transactivator (CREST), a transcriptional activator, in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core with regard to cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), self-administration (SA), and synaptic plasticity. CREST is a unique transcriptional regulator that can recruit enzymes from two different major epigenetic mechanisms: histone acetylation and nucleosome remodeling. In this study we also found that the level of potentiation in the NAc core correlated with whether or not animals formed a CPP. Together the results indicate that CREST is a key downstream regulator of cocaine action in the NAc.
DELIRIUM NA TERAPIA INTENSIVA: FATORES PREDISPONENTES E PREVENÇÃO DE EVENTOS ADVERSOS
Authors: Silva Monique Hellen Oliveira da , Camerini Flavia Giron , Henrique Danielle De Mendonça , Almeida Luana Ferrreira de , Franco Andrezza Serpa , Pereira Sandra Regina Maciqueira 
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: analisar os fatores predisponentes e identificar os eventos adversos relacionados ao delirium nos pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva. Método: estudo de coorte prospectivo, ocorrido entre julho e agosto de 2017. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de instrumento próprio, com variáveis relacionadas ao delirium. Para análises de associação, foi aplicada a razão de risco. Resultados: entre os 18 pacientes selecionados, foi identificado delirium em 7 (39%); a privação do sono e o tabagismo foram os fatores predisponentes com maior razão de risco (5 e 2.83 respectivamente) e a ocorrência de evento adverso também apresentou uma associação positiva significativa relacionada à ocorrência de delirium (RR=4,71). Conclusão: o principal evento adverso associado ao delirium foi a retirada não planejada de dispositivos invasivos. <p>Descritores: Delírium. Segurança do paciente. Cuidados críticos</p>
Differences in mucin expression in the submandibular glands of rats during peridontitis induction
Authors: Purwanti Nunuk , Kusumawardhani Banun , Murdiastuti Kwartarini 
Published: September 2018

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) produces lipopolysacharide (LPS) which acts as a stimulator of inflammation in periodontal tissues. Periodontitis-induced apoptosis and vacuolation of the salivary gland, therefore, causes hyposalivation. Mucin secretion is produced by the submandibular gland under stimulation by the cholinergic and adrenergic receptors. Both forms of stimulation influence the volume of mucin secretion. Mucin saliva plays an important role in the early stages of Pg colonization in the oral cavity. On the other hand, it serves to protect against bacterial invasion. Purpose: The aim of this research was to identify differences in mucin expression in the submandibular gland during periodontitis induction. Methods: 32 male Wistar rats were assigned to either a sham periodontitis or a periodontitis group. The former group received a daily injection of a vehicle solution (n = 16), while members of the periodontitis induction group (n=16) were injected each day with 500 µL of Pg 108 into the mesial area of the upper molar. Mucin in the submandibular gland was analyzed at the 7th, 14th, 21th and 28th days after injection by means of periodic acid schiff (PAS) staining. Results: 28 days after injection mild gingivitis was developed in the periodontitis experiment group. Junctional epithelium (JE) thickness decreased gradually following the increase of PG injection periods (p<0.05). However, mucin expression increased prominently at 7th, 14th, and 21th days after injection and decreased on day 28th after PG injection. Mucin was expressed in the duct cells of the submandibular gland. Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that there are different levels of mucin expression in the submandibular gland during periodontitis induction.
ENSINO EM DIREITOS HUMANOS: CONSIDERAÇÕES NO CONTEXTO DA PRÁTICA
Authors: Santos Jean Mac Cole Tavares , Pereira Suzana Paula de Oliveira 
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo discute o ensino de direitos humanos no ensino médio no contexto da prática, relacionando os instrumentos legais com as ressignificações dos docentes. A abordagem, de natureza qualitativa, utiliza a análise documental, realizando um percurso histórico dos principais instrumentos legais, bem como analisando suas principais acepções, e a entrevista com docentes da escola pública, intentando verificar a ressignificação do ensino de direitos humanos na escola. Tomamos como referência a teoria do discurso de Laclau (2006) e o ciclo contínuo de politicas de Ball (2011), na parte referente as ressignificações diante de múltiplos contextos, utilizando Lopes (2011), nas ideias de descentramento, Ramos (2011), nas discussões sobre igualdade e diferença, Santos (2013), Na análise sobre a centralidade do tema de direitos humanos, e Monteiro e Tavares (2012), acerca da relação dos direitos humanos e a escola. Os resultados obtidos apontam que os discursos oficiais sofrem ressignificações ligadas aos interesses e disputas políticas inerentes ao contexto da prática.
Tuberculous Tenosynovitis of the Wrist: A Report of Two Cases with Special Reference to Magnetic Resonance Findings
Authors: Bagir Melih , Sayit Emrah 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Tuberculous tenosynovitis of the wrist is rare among cases of musculoskeletal
tuberculosis. It is a slow, progressive disease with silent symptoms, leading to a late diagnosis.
Also, it can be misdiagnosed as inflammatory arthritis, pyogenic infections, and inflammatory
tenosynovitis. Thus, patients present with destructive changes of the bone and joint, as well as
abscesses, often receive incorrect or unnecessary medical and surgical treatment.

Discussion:
Well-documented anamneses along with physical examinations and radiologic imaging
methods, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can be
useful in the diagnosis of tuberculous tenosynovitis. All chronic synovitis of the wrist with longstanding
pain should be considered as mycobacterial infection and an important differential diagnosis.
Early diagnosis followed by extensive debridement and antituberculous chemotherapy provides
good functional results.

Conclusion:
This article presents the cases of two patients with wrist tuberculous tenosynovitis and
the respective MRI findings. It also includes a literature review.
Heterologous Expression of Transcription Factor AtWRKY57 Alleviates Salt Stress-Induced Oxidative Damage
Authors: Tang Wei 
Published: September 2018

Background:WRKY transcription factors play important roles in the responses to abiotic stresses, seed dormancy, seed germination, developmental processes, secondary metabolism, and senescence in plants. However, molecular mechanisms of WRKY transcription factors-related abiotic stress tolerance have not been fully understood.Methods:In this investigation, transcription factor AtWRKY57 was introduced into cell lines of rice (Oryza sativaL.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and white pine (Pinus strobesL.) for characterization of its function in salt stress tolerance. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the function of AtWRKY in a broad sample of plant species including monocotyledons, dicotyledons, and gymnosperms.Results:The experimental results demonstrated that heterologous expression of transcription factor AtWRKY57 improves salt stress tolerance by decreasing Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS), increasing Ascorbate Peroxidase (APOX) and Catalase (CAT) activity under salt stress. In rice, overexpression of transcription factor AtWRKY57 enhances expression of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase genesOsCPk6andOsCPk19to counteract salt stress.Conclusion:These results indicated that transcription factor AtWRKY57 might have practical application in genetic engineering of plant salt tolerance throughout the plant kingdom.
Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis is Effectively Assuaged With an Essential Oil Inhaler (AromaStick®): Results From a Randomized, Controlled, Double-blind Effectiveness Trial
Authors: Schneider Rainer 
Published: September 2018

Background:
There are effective pharmaceutical agents to treat seasonal allergic rhinitis,
but more and more individuals resort to alternative forms of treatment. One possible alternative candidate
is essential oils. Recently, an inhaler specifically designed to deliver essential oil scents has
proven very effective in treating various medical parameters (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, cortisol,
blood oxygenation, or pain).
</P><P>
Objective: This work investigates whether an inhaler (AromaStick&#174; ‘Nasal Fresh’) designed to clear
the nasal passageway and reduce congestion has beneficial effects in individuals suffering from seasonal
allergic rhinitis.

Methods:
A two-armed, randomized, controlled, double-blind effectiveness trial involving individuals
with medium to strong symptoms was conducted to investigate the inhaler’s specific treatment
effects.

Results:
Over a period of two weeks, the odor inhaler strongly reduced allergic symptoms for both
overall AR symptomatology (d = 1.2) and individual symptomatic allergic rhinitis burden (d = 1.7).

Conclusion:
The inhaler produced strong symptom relief. Effects were largest in individuals suffering
primarily from nasal symptoms.