bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conventional transbronchial needle aspiration is promising for identifying EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hsu Li‐Han , Ko Jen‐Sheng , Liu Chia‐Chuan , Feng An‐Chen , Chu Nei‐Min 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundConventional transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is advantageous for the one‐step diagnosis and staging of lung adenocarcinoma under topical anesthesia and conscious sedation. We examined its efficacy for identifying EGFR mutations.MethodsForty‐seven patients with proven or suspected lung adenocarcinoma indicated for hilar‐mediastinal lymph node (LN) staging between June 2011 and December 2017 were enrolled. The cellblock was prepared using the plasma‐thrombin method. TaqMan PCR was used to detect mutations. Considering cost effectiveness, only the sample with the highest tumor cell fraction in the same patient was chosen for analysis.ResultsTBNA provided positive results of malignancy in 27 patients. Seventeen patients (63.0%) had cellblocks eligible for mutation testing. Bronchial biopsy (n = 6), neck LN fine needle aspiration (n = 1), and brushing (n = 1), provided higher tumor cell fractions for analysis in eight patients. TBNA was the exclusive method used in nine patients (19.1%). For patients with an inadequate TBNA cellblock, bronchial biopsy (n = 5), neck LN fine needle aspiration (n = 3), computed tomography‐guided transthoracic needle biopsy (n = 1), and brushing (n = 1) were used for analysis. Modification to specimen processing to prevent exhaustion by cytology after June 2016 improved the adequacy of cellblock samples (9/10, 90% vs. 8/17, 47.1%; P = 0.042).ConclusionsThese findings suggest the promising role of conventional TBNA and highlight the challenges of doing more with less in an era of precision medicine.
Management of cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas: Established and emergent therapies
Authors: Wain Thevaki , Venning Victoria L , Consuegra Germana , Fernandez‐Peñas Pablo , Wells Jillian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCutaneous T‐cell lymphoma is an uncommon group of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma primarily affecting the skin. It is comprised of a variety of entities with different clinical behaviours and prognosis. Mycosis fungoides is the commonest subtype, and Sézary syndrome is a much rarer form of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. At this stage, control rather than cure is the goal of therapy, with particular emphasis placed on preserving quality of life. Our review of the efficacy, safety profile and accessibility of treatment modalities for mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome is a tailored guide for the clinician treating these rare conditions.
Are the changes in diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus reflected in perinatal outcomes? A retrospective assessment
Authors: Ehmann David M. T. , Hickman Peter E. , Potter Julia M. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance first diagnosed during pregnancy not due to overt diabetes. Recent changes to the diagnostic guidelines have been shown to increase the apparent occurrence of GDM.AimThe aim of this study was to compare retrospectively the neonatal outcomes between groups defined using the new and old criteria to assess the impact of guideline changes on pregnancy outcomes.MethodsThe study was of singleton babies delivered of 641 women, who had oral glucose tolerance testing and pregnancy care at a single tertiary centre between 2011 and 2015.ResultsCompared to the population of women not now considered to have GDM by International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria (two‐hour glucose concentration ≤8.4 mmol/L), neonates born to women with the new lower fasting criterion (5.1–5.4 mmol/L) and/or the new 60‐min group (glucose ≥10 mmol/L) combined were significantly more likely to have birthweight ≥90th percentile (22% vs 5%, P < 0.0001). In contradistinction, there was a significant excess number of small‐for‐dates babies (birthweight ≤10th percentile) in all subgroups previously diagnosed and treated for GDM by the Australian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society criteria (17% vs 7%, P = 0.001). Rates for lower uterine segment caesarean section, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit / special care nursery and Apgar scores at one and five minutes were not statistically different across all groups.ConclusionsOutcomes support the lowering of the fasting criterion to extend management of GDM to limit growth of large birthweight neonates. An unexpected outcome was that in women previously treated for GDM, there were increased numbers of low‐birthweight neonates.
The Lastglacial and Holocene seismostratigraphy and sediment distribution of Lake Bolshoye Shchuchye, Polar Ural Mountains, Arctic Russia
Authors: Haflidason Haflidi , Zweidorff Julie L. , Baumer Marlene , Gyllencreutz Richard , Svendsen John Inge , Gladysh Vyacheslav , Logvina Elizaveta 
Published: February 2019

Seismostratigraphical studies of the 11.8‐km2‐large and ~140‐m‐deep Lake Bolshoye Shchuchye, Polar Ural Mountains, reveal up to 160‐m‐thick acoustically laminated sediments in the lake basin. Using a dense grid of seismic lines, the spatial and temporal distributions of the sedimentary history have been reconstructed. Three regional seismic horizons have been identified and correlated with the well‐dated 24‐m‐long sediment core retrieved from the lake. Isopach maps constructed from the seismic data show four phases of sedimentation. A contour map of the deepest regional seismic reflector represents the earliest hemipelagic sedimentation in the lake. Three contour maps represent time intervals covering the last 23 cal. ka based on the well‐dated core stratigraphy from the lake. The detailed time constraints on the upper stratigraphical units in the lake allow calculation of the lake's development in terms of sediment fluxes and the denudation rates from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the present. The sedimentation in Lake Bolshoye Shchuchye has been dominated by hemipelagic processes during at least the last 24 cal. ka BP only locally interrupted by delta progradation and slope processes. A major shift in the sediment accumulation at c. 18.7 cal. ka BP is interpreted to mark the end of the local glacial maximum, greatly reduced denudation and the onset of the deglaciation period; this also demonstrates how fast the glaciers melted and possibly disappeared at the end of the LGM. The denudation rate during the Holocene is only a fifth of the LGM rate. The age of the oldest stratified sediments in Lake Bolshoye Shchuchye is not well constrained, but estimated as c. 50–60 ka.
The MRI assessment of SPECC (significant polyps and early colorectal cancer) lesions
Authors: Balyasnikova S. , Brown G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe development of high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has resulted in the ability to clearly depict the finer details of rectal wall anatomy. Careful specialist assessment of images obtained in patients with significant polyps and early rectal cancer lesions enables the identification of lesions that are confined to the bowel wall and amenable to organ preserving local excision. Currently, one‐third of screen detected rectal cancers are limited to the bowel wall without nodal spread yet more than 90% undergo major excision surgery resulting in significant loss of bowel function, quality of life and at high economic cost. The SPECC initiative has highlighted the need for specialist training and accreditation of radiology specialists in precision assessment of significant polyps and early rectal cancer. The detailed assessment will enable provision of detailed roadmaps for surgeons and gastroenterologists to facilitate definitive excision of more lesions using minimally invasive endoscopic technique. Finally, the use of high resolution MRI in surveillance will enable the close monitoring of such patients where the preservation of the rectum has been achieved.
Chairperson collectivism and the compensation gap between managers and employees: Evidence from China
Authors: Jiang Wei , Lin Bingxuan , Liu Yunguo , Xu Yue 
Published: February 2019

AbstractResearch Question/IssueFew studies have examined the determinants of the compensation gap between managers and workers, despite the significant public attention the issue has received. In particular, few studies have examined how nations' formal systems, such as their institutional and legal arrangements, and informal systems, such as their cultures and traditions, affect the compensation gap. We use the chairperson's native place of origin as a proxy for cultural differences within China and examine how chairperson collectivism affects compensation gaps between managers and average workers.Research Findings/InsightsThe results show that the compensation gap in a company run by a chairperson from a collectivistic culture tends to be smaller than that of a company run by a chairperson from an individualistic culture. This effect tends to be stronger if a chairperson has a longer tenure and works in a state‐owned enterprise or in a firm located in collectivistic regions.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThe study provides new insights into the determinants of the compensation gap by incorporating the cultural traits of management. It also broadens the understanding of compensation gaps in emerging markets and shows that cultural differences play an important role in understanding the compensation gap in China.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsCultural characteristics should be taken into account when developing compensation contracts. Stakeholders need to consider alternative mechanisms, such as higher pay for performance, to counteract the higher compensation gap due to differences in cultural preferences.
Tropidacris collaris (Orthoptera: Romaleidae) expands its damage in orchards of the dwarf cashew, Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae)
Authors: Lhano Marcos G. , Serrano Luiz A. L. , Vidal‐Neto Francisco C. , Dias‐Pini Nívia S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe giant grasshopper Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthoptera: Romaleidae) is a Neotropical species that causes economic damage to diverse and unrelated crops. We report herein the occurrence of this grasshopper in orchards of dwarf cashew Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) located in the state of Ceará, one of the main cashew‐producing areas of Brazil. Nymphs and adults were observed feeding on cashew leaves during June and July 2016, causing partial or total defoliation of some plants. This report updates the feeding plants of T. collaris and its distribution in Brazil and serves as an early warning of possible future attacks by the pest on cashew orchards in the northeastern region of the country.
Does experimentally altered plumage ornamentation of female passerines influence nestling quality? A test in female tree swallows
Authors: Berzins Lisha L. , Dawson Russell D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt is widely recognized that female animals in a variety of taxa display ornamental traits, such as elaborate plumage, but elucidating whether such traits evolve by selection or genetic correlation remains a challenge because more ornamented females are often found to produce low‐quality offspring. While resource trade‐offs between the production of ornaments and offspring may underlie this negative relationship, it is not an adequate explanation for species where the timing of production of ornaments and offspring does not overlap. Instead, costs associated with engaging in agonistic interactions with conspecifics, which maintains the honesty of signals of quality, may also reduce resources available to invest in offspring. In this study, we enhanced and reduced the plumage brightness of female tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) relative to controls to test whether social costs associated with displaying bright plumage is a potential mechanism underlying the observation that more ornamented females produce low‐quality nestlings. Our results showed that nestlings reared by females in the enhanced plumage brightness treatment were structurally smaller, having shorter lengths of the combined head and bill than nestlings in the reduced plumage brightness treatment, and tended to grow their head and bills more slowly than nestlings in the reduced and control plumage brightness treatments. Nestlings in the enhanced plumage brightness treatment also tended to gain mass more slowly than nestlings in control treatment. Overall, that females with enhanced plumage brightness produced structurally smaller nestlings provides evidence that social costs paid by females may lead to the production of low‐quality offspring and should be considered in future studies.
Misoprostol is superior to combined omeprazole‐sucralfate for the treatment of equine gastric glandular disease
Authors: Varley G. , Bowen I. M. , Habershon‐Butcher J. L. , Nicholls V. , Hallowell G. D. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated a poor response to healing of gastric glandular lesions with oral omeprazole and other medications.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of two novel treatments (misoprostol [M] and combined omeprazole‐sucralfate [OS]) in horses for gastric glandular disease.Study designProspective, clinical study.MethodsSixty‐three sports horses with grade >1/4 glandular disease were identified by gastroscopy. Horses received either 5 μg/kg of misoprostol per os BID 1 h prior to feeding or a combination of 4 mg/kg enteric coated omeprazole per os SID and 12 mg/kg sucralfate per os BID where drugs were given 1 h prior to feeding and sucralfate given 60 min after omeprazole; allocation was dependent upon centre. Gastroscopy was repeated at 28–35 days. Evaluators of the gastroscopy images were blinded to the treatments the horses received and images were reviewed independently.ResultsThe most common presenting sign in both treatment groups was poor performance (Overall – 65.1%; M – 60.5% and OS – 75%). Overall healing (P<0.001; OR = 11 [2.8–45]) and improvement (P = 0.006; OR = 11 [1.9–59]) of lesions were associated with resolution of clinical signs. Misoprostol was shown to be superior to combined omeprazole‐sucralfate both for healing (M – 72% [95% CI 43–67] and OS – 20% [95% CI 7–41]; P<0.001) and improvement (M – 98% [95% CI 90–100] and OS – 65% [95% CI 43–83]; P<0.001).Main limitationsRelatively small, clinical study, reliance on client questionnaire data, clients not blinded to the treatments the horse received, diet could have affected drug pharmacodynamics although mimics clinical practice and no validated scoring system available for glandular lesions.ConclusionsThese results suggest that gastric glandular disease does indeed result in clinical signs. In this population of horses, misoprostol was superior to omeprazole and sucralfate and warrants further evaluation in a large scale, multi‐centre trial.
Hepatic gene expression in mouse models of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease after acute exercise
Authors: Piguet Anne‐Christine , Guarino Maria , Potaczek Daniel P. , Garn Holger , Dufour Jean‐François 
Published: February 2019

AimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients benefit from physical exercise. This study aimed to investigate the effect of acute exercise on hepatic gene expression in different mouse models of NAFLD.MethodsC57BL/6J mice were fed with a control (CD) or a high fat (HFD) diet. AlbCrePtenflox/flox (Pten‐KO) and Fxr−/− mice, two genetic models of NAFLD with insulin hypersensitivity and resistance, respectively, were fed with CD. After 4 weeks, mice were randomly assigned to exercise or sedentariness. Mice were killed 15 min or 3 h after the running/sedentary period. Genome‐wide hepatic gene expression was evaluated with the Illumina Micro‐array platform. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed changes in gene expression.ResultsAcute exercise transiently affected the expression of genes involved in the immune response in C57BL/6 mice fed with CD and this effect normalized in the recovery phase. Acute exercise affected genes involved in gluconeogenesis in the insulin resistant Fxr−/− model. Genes involved in lipid metabolism were affected in C57BL/6 mice fed with CD, but not in mouse models of NAFLD. Genes involved in DNA damage response pathways were deregulated only in C57BL/6 mice fed with CD and not in mouse models of NAFLD.ConclusionThe simultaneous analysis of different NAFLD models revealed that an acute exercise bout affects hepatic gene expression differentially according to animal models and that most of the differentially expressed genes are involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism, immune regulation, and DNA damage response.
A multimodal therapeutic approach improves the clinical outcome of auricular keloid patients
Authors: Hao Yong‐Hong , Xing Xiao‐Jing , Zhao Zi‐Gang , Xie Fang , Hao Tian , Yang Yi , Li Cheng‐Xin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe retrospectively studied the efficacy of personalized therapy with surgical resection plus prophylactic management of postsurgical auricular keloids by intralesional injection of betamethasone and local pressure therapy using magnets in patients with auricular keloids.MethodsSurgical excision was performed in all patients, and surgical techniques including fusiform excision of the keloid scar, core excision of the keloid scar followed by flap repair, and scar graft were chosen.ResultsA total of 85 patients with 98 auricular keloids were eligible. Seventy‐two (74%) patients had primary auricular keloids, and 13 patients had recurrent keloids after surgical excision. Keloids, were located in the helix in 28 (32.9%) cases, in the earlobe in 45 (52.9%) cases, and in the entire auricle in 12 (14.1%) cases. The size of auricular keloids ranged from 10 to 35 mm. Surgical resection was uneventful in all cases. Twenty‐one (21.4%) patients received fusiform excision, 47 (47.9%) patients underwent core excision and flap repair, and 30 (30.6%) patients received skin grafts. The patients were followed up for median duration of 1 year (range: 12–24 months). The cure rate was 87.2%, and the recurrence rate was 12.8%.ConclusionA personalized surgical approach based on the characteristics of auricular keloids in each patient and a multimodal therapeutic regimen including surgical excision, glucocorticoid blockade, and intralesional injection of glucocorticoids and pressure therapy improve the cure rate and reduce the recurrence rate of auricular keloids.
Prevalence of high blood pressure and associated factors among adolescents and young people in Tanzania and Uganda
Authors: Nsanya Mussa K. , Kavishe Bazil B. , Katende David , Mosha Neema , Hansen Christian , Nsubuga Rebecca N. , Munderi Paula , Grosskurth Heiner , Kapiga Saidi 
Published: February 2019

We conducted a cross‐sectional study among school/college students in Tanzania and Uganda to determine the prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) and associated factors. Participants were classified to have high BP if they had pre‐hypertension or hypertension. Interviews were done using the WHO STEPS instrument. Using data from both countries (n = 1596), the overall prevalence of high BP was 40% (95% CI: 37‐42). The prevalence of pre‐hypertension was 29% (95% CI: 26‐31) and that of hypertension was 11% (95% CI: 10‐13). High BP was independently associated with obesity (aOR = 6.7, 95% CI: 2.2‐20.0), male sex (aOR = 3.2, 95% CI: 2.4‐4.4), and among males aged above 20 years (aOR = 5.5, 95% CI: 2.9−10.5). Consumption of fruits/vegetables was associated with decreased odds for high BP (aOR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.50‐0.98). The increasing burden of pre‐hypertension across age groups could explain the early onset of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among young African adults. There is a need for longitudinal studies to explore the drivers of pre‐hypertension in East African adolescents.
Actions taken by the European commission to address the safety of sunbeds
Authors: del Colombo L. , Vasile O. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe safety of sunbed, especially when it comes to protecting young and vulnerable consumers, is a key concern that the Directorate‐General for Health and Consumers has been trying to address in various ways. This document presents a brief overview of activities undertaken at European level to address the main concerns related to the use of this product.
Peri‐operative delineation of non‐melanoma skin cancer margins in vivo with handheld reflectance confocal microscopy and video‐mosaicking
Authors: Flores E. , Yélamos O. , Cordova M. , Kose K. , Phillips W. , Lee E.H. , Rossi A. , Nehal K. , Rajadhyaksha M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe surgical removal of non‐melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) is guided by the pathologic examination of margins. However, the preparation of histopathology is time consuming, labour‐intensive and requires separate laboratory infrastructure. Furthermore, when histopathology indicates positive margins, patients must return for re‐excisions. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) with a new video‐mosaicking approach can noninvasively delineate margins directly on patients and potentially guide surgery in real‐time, augmenting the traditional approaches of histopathology.ObjectiveTo assess a new peri‐operative RCM video‐mosaicking approach for comprehensive delineation of NMSC margins on patients in vivo.MethodsThirty‐five patients undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) in the Mohs surgery unit at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY were included in the study. RCM imaging was performed before and after the first staged excision by acquiring videos along the surgical margins (epidermal, peripheral and deep dermal) of each wound, which were subsequently processed into video‐mosaics. Two RCM evaluators read and assessed video‐mosaics, and subsequently compared to the corresponding Mohs frozen histopathology.ResultsReflectance confocal microscopy videos and video‐mosaics displayed acceptable imaging quality (resolution and contrast), pre‐operatively in 32/35 (91%) NMSC lesions and intra‐operatively in 29/35 lesions (83%). Pre‐operative delineation of margins correlated with the histopathology in 32/35 (91%) lesions. Intra‐operative delineation correlated in 10/14 (71%) lesions for the presence of residual tumour and in 18/21 (86%) lesions for absence. Sensitivity/specificity were 71%/86% and 86%/81% for two RCM video‐mosaic evaluators, and overall agreement was 80% and 83% with histopathology, with moderate inter‐evaluator agreement (k = 0.59, P ≤ 0.0002).ConclusionsPeri‐operative RCM video‐mosaicking of NMSC margins directly on patients may potentially guide surgery in real‐time, serve as an adjunct to histopathology, reduce time spent in clinic and reduce the need for re‐excisions. Further testing in larger studies is needed.