bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epistemic Objectification as the Primary Harm of Testimonial Injustice
Authors: McGlynn Aidan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper criticises Miranda Fricker's account of the primary harm of testimonial injustice as a kind of epistemic objectification, where the latter is understood on the model provided by Martha Nussbaum's influential analysis of sexual objectification and where it is taken to involve the denial of someone's epistemic agency. I examine the existing objections to Fricker's account of the primary harm, criticising some while accepting the force of others, and I argue that one of Fricker's own central examples of testimonial injustice in fact offers the basis of a particularly telling objection. While Fricker's other critics have mostly concluded that we need to look at alternative theoretical resources to offer an account of the primary harm of testimonial injustice, I aim to show that this is premature; both Fricker and her critics have underestimated the resources provided by Nussbaum's analysis of objectification when offering an account of the primary harm, and something very much in the spirit of Fricker's account survives the objections.
Mitigating Negative Spillovers from Categorization of Foreign-Listed Firms: The Role of Host-Country Independent Directors
Authors: Kang Eugene , Chintakananda Asda 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThis study examines how cognitive categorization by host-country investors give rise to negative spillovers among host-country foreign-listed firms from the same home country when one of these foreign-listed firms discloses a financial reporting irregularity. This study further examines how attributes of host-country independent directors mitigate such negative spillover effects through signaling fulfilment of their fiduciary duties. Our results based on Chinese foreign-listed firms on the Singapore Stock Exchange from 2007–2014 reveal that host-country independent directorsincreasespillover effects among foreign-listed Chinese firms from financial reporting irregularities. However, such increase isattenuatedwhen these directors signal fulfilment of their fiduciary duties through home-country, industry, or task-related experiences, and the observed mitigating effect is stronger when they possess a combination of these experiences.
Systematic community of Practice activities evaluation through Natural Language Processing: application to research projects
Authors: Goepp Virginie , Matta Nada , Caillaud Emmanuel , Feugeas Françoise 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCommunity of Practice (CoP) efficiency evaluation is a great deal in research. Indeed, having the possibility to know if a given CoP is successful or not is essential to better manage it over time. The existing approaches for efficiency evaluation are difficult and time-consuming to put into action on real CoPs. They require either to evaluate subjective constructs making the analysis unreliable, either to work out a knowledge interaction matrix that is difficult to set up. However, these approaches build their evaluation on the fact that a CoP is successful if knowledge is exchanged between the members. It is the case if there are some interactions between the actors involved in the CoP. Therefore, we propose to analyze these interactions through the exchanges of emails thanks to Natural Language Processing. Our approach is systematic and semi-automated. It requires the e-mails exchanged and the definition of the speech-acts that will be retrieved. We apply it on a real project-based CoP: the SEPOLBE research project that involves different expertise fields. It allows us to identify the CoP core group and to emphasize learning processes between members with different backgrounds (Microbiology, Electrochemistry and Civil engineering).
A history of FMD research and control programmes in Southeast Asia: lessons from the past informing the future
Authors: Blacksell Stuart D. , Siengsanan-Lamont Jarunee , Kamolsiripichaiporn Somjai , Gleeson Laurence J. , Windsor Peter A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFoot and mouth disease (FMD) is a major animal health problem within Southeast Asia (SEA). Although Indonesia and more recently the Philippines have achieved freedom from FMD, the disease remains endemic on continental SEA. Control of FMD within SEA would increase access to markets in more developed economies and reduce lost productivity in smallholder and emerging commercial farmer settings. However, despite many years of vaccination by individual countries, numerous factors have prevented the successful control of FMD within the region, including unregulated ‘informal’ transboundary movement of livestock and their products, difficulties implementing vaccination programmes, emergence of new virus topotypes and lineages, low-level technical capacity and biosecurity at national levels, limited farmer knowledge on FMD disease recognition, failure of timely outbreak reporting and response, and limitations in national and international FMD control programmes. This paper examines the published research of FMD in the SEA region, reviewing the history, virology, epidemiology and control programmes and identifies future opportunities for FMD research aimed at the eventual eradication of FMD from the region.
Caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review perspective
Authors: De Giuseppe Rachele , Di Napoli Ilaria , Granata Francesca , Mottolese Antonia , Cena Hellas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe WHO reported that high blood pressure (BP) is one of the primary causes of death worldwide. Hypertension (HPT) is a major risk factor for CVD and related diseases as well as for diseases, leading to a considerable increase in cardiovascular risk. Since BP response could also be influenced by caffeine, which is widely consumed with coffee and other items, it is important to define the possible effects associated with caffeine intake. The most recent findings aimed at clarifying the role of caffeine consumption on BP and HPT risk/incidence are conflicting and difficult to interpret. Therefore, in the present narrative review, we aimed to examine various methodological inaccuracies/aspects and factors that make studies difficult to be compared, in order to obtain a single consensus on the effects of caffeine intake on the risk of BP and HPT. We observed that this heterogeneity in results could be due to the presence of: (i) several variables affecting BP (such as age, sex, genetic and lifestyle aspects); (ii) different caffeine content of food and beverages; and (iii) caffeine metabolism. Moreover, different methodological aspects in the evaluation of daily dietary caffeine intake and in the BP measurement could add some other bias in the interpretation of results. Therefore, it is mandatory to consider all methodological aspects and confounding factors to generate a standardised methodology in order to increase cross-study consistency and minimise confounding effects of different variables on the relationship between BP response and HPT risk/incidence after caffeine intake.
Rationing by racing and the Oklahoma land rushes
Authors: Allen Douglas W. , Leonard Bryan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractYoram Barzel was always aware that competition is ubiquitous and takes many forms, and he was among the first to analyze settings where individuals compete on the basis of time, rather than price. This paper applies his insights to study the Oklahoma land rushes, where thousands of individuals raced to establish property rights to land. A simple modification of Barzel's analysis generates a model of rationing by racing, and we test its predictions using new data on the timing and location of over 73,000 homestead claims within the five distinct land rushes and one lottery. We find that increases in land quality or decreases in the cost of racing generate corresponding increases in the equilibrium speed, implying that potential rents are dissipated by investments in speed. The analysis highlights the lasting significance of Barzel's insights regarding non-price competition.
Tracking the mental health of a nation: prevalence and correlates of mental disorders in the second Singapore mental health study
Authors: Subramaniam M. , Abdin E. , Vaingankar J. A. , Shafie S. , Chua B. Y. , Sambasivam R. , Zhang Y. J. , Shahwan S. , Chang S. , Chua H. C. , Verma S. , James L. , Kwok K. W. , Heng D. , Chong S. A. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Aims
The second Singapore Mental Health Study (SMHS) – a nationwide, cross-sectional, epidemiological survey - was initiated in 2016 with the intent of tracking the state of mental health of the general population in Singapore. The study employed the same methodology as the first survey initiated in 2010. The SMHS 2016 aimed to (i) establish the 12-month and lifetime prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia, bipolar disorder, generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) (which included alcohol abuse and dependence) and (ii) compare the prevalence of these disorders with reference to data from the SMHS 2010.

Methods
Door-to-door household surveys were conducted with adult Singapore residents aged 18 years and above from 2016 to 2018 (n = 6126) which yielded a response rate of 69.0%. The subjects were randomly selected using a disproportionate stratified sampling method and assessed using World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0 (WHO-CIDI 3.0). The diagnoses of lifetime and 12-month selected mental disorders including MDD, dysthymia, bipolar disorder, GAD, OCD, and AUD (alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence), were based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria.

Results
The lifetime prevalence of at least one mood, anxiety or alcohol use disorder was 13.9% in the adult population. MDD had the highest lifetime prevalence (6.3%) followed by alcohol abuse (4.1%). The 12-month prevalence of any DSM-IV mental disorders was 6.5%. OCD had the highest 12-month prevalence (2.9%) followed by MDD (2.3%). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of mental disorders assessed in SMHS 2016 (13.8% and 6.4%) was significantly higher than that in SMHS 2010 (12.0% and 4.4%). A significant increase was observed in the prevalence of lifetime GAD (0.9% to 1.6%) and alcohol abuse (3.1% to 4.1%). The 12-month prevalence of GAD (0.8% vs. 0.4%) and OCD (2.9% vs. 1.1%) was significantly higher in SMHS 2016 as compared to SMHS 2010.

Conclusions
The high prevalence of OCD and the increase across the two surveys needs to be tackled at a population level both in terms of creating awareness of the disorder and the need for early treatment. Youth emerge as a vulnerable group who are more likely to be associated with mental disorders and thus targeted interventions in this group with a focus on youth friendly and accessible care centres may lead to earlier detection and treatment of mental disorders.
The excess costs of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: König H. , König H.-H. , Konnopka A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimsMajor depressive disorders are highly prevalent in the world population, contribute substantially to the global disease burden and cause high health care expenditures. Information on the economic impact of depression, as provided by cost-of-illness (COI) studies, can support policymakers in the decision-making regarding resource allocation. Although the literature on COI studies of depression has already been reviewed, there is no quantitative estimation of depression excess costs across studies yet. Our aims were to systematically review COI studies of depression with comparison group worldwide and to assess the excess costs of depression in adolescents, adults, elderly, and depression as a comorbidity of a primary somatic disease quantitatively in a meta-analysis.MethodsWe followed the PRISMA reporting guidelines. PubMed, PsycINFO, NHS EED, and EconLit were searched without limitations until 27/04/2018. English or German full-text peer-reviewed articles that compared mean costs of depressed and non-depressed study participants from a bottom-up approach were included. We only included studies reporting costs for major depressive disorders. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and heterogeneity was assessed with I2statistic. The primary outcome was ratio of means (RoM) of costs of depressedv.non-depressed study participants, interpretable as the percentage change in mean costs between the groups.ResultsWe screened 12 760 articles by title/abstract, assessed 393 articles in full-text and included 48 articles. The included studies encompassed in total 55 898 depressed and 674 414 non-depressed study participants. Meta-analysis showed that depression was associated with higher direct costs in adolescents (RoM = 2.79 [1.69–4.59],p< 0.0001,I2= 87%), in adults (RoM = 2.58 [2.01–3.31],p< 0.0001,I2= 99%), in elderly (RoM = 1.73 [1.47–2.03],p< 0.0001,I2= 73%) and in participants with comorbid depression (RoM = 1.39 [1.24–1.55],p< 0.0001,I2= 42%). In addition, we conducted meta-analyses for inpatient, outpatient, medication and emergency costs and a cost category including all other direct cost categories. Meta-analysis of indirect costs showed that depression was associated with higher costs in adults (RoM = 2.28 [1.75–2.98],p< 0.0001,I2= 74%).ConclusionsThis work is the first to provide a meta-analysis in a global systematic review of COI studies for depression. Depression was associated with higher costs in all age groups and as comorbidity. Pooled RoM was highest in adolescence and decreased with age. In the subgroup with depression as a comorbidity of a primary somatic disease, pooled RoM was lower as compared to the age subgroups. More evidence in COI studies for depression in adolescence and for indirect costs would be desirable.
Mantle Zn Isotopic Heterogeneity Caused by Melt‐Rock Reaction: Evidence From Fe‐Rich Peridotites and Pyroxenites From the Bohemian Massif, Central Europe
Authors: Huang Jian , Ackerman Lukáš , Zhang Xing‐Chao , Huang Fang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo investigate the effect of melt‐rock reaction on Zn isotope fractionation and mantle Zn isotopic heterogeneity, we analyzed Zn isotopic compositions of peridotites, pyroxenites, and mineral separates from the Bohemian Massif, Central Europe. The Mg‐lherzolites (Mg# = 90.9 to 89.1, FeOT = 7.9 to 9.0 wt %) are melting residues with only moderate metasomatism and have δ66Zn from 0.11 to 0.20‰. In contrast, the Fe‐rich peridotites (Mg# = 88.2 to 80.3, FeOT = 10.0 to 14.5 wt %) and pyroxenites have larger ranges of δ66Zn from 0.11 to 0.31‰ and −0.33 to 0.42‰, respectively. Large disequilibrium intermineral Zn isotope fractionation occurs in the Fe‐rich peridotites and pyroxenites with Δ66ZnOpx‐Ol = −0.50‰, Δ66ZnGrt‐Ol = −0.55 to −0.39‰, Δ66ZnGrt‐Opx = −0.28 to −0.05‰, and Δ66ZnGrt‐Cpx = −0.50 to 0.12‰. Combined with their low SiO2 contents and radiogenic Sr‐Nd‐Os isotopic compositions, the high δ66Zn of the Fe‐rich peridotites is attributed to reaction between Mg‐lherzolites and percolating SiO2‐undersaturated basaltic melts that incorporated isotopically heavy crustal components. Crystallization of the isotopically heavy percolating melts migrating through the lithospheric mantle yield the high‐δ66Zn pyroxenites. The low δ66Zn of the pyroxenites and large intermineral Zn isotopic disequilibrium may result from kinetic Zn isotope fractionation during melt‐rock reaction. Collectively, these observations indicate that melt‐rock reaction can cause intermineral Zn isotopic disequilibrium and significant Zn isotopic heterogeneity in the mantle. This study thus highlights the potential use of Zn isotopes to trace melt‐rock reaction events in the mantle.
Defining the Limits of Greater India
Authors: Meng Jun , Gilder Stuart A. , Wang Chengshan , Coe Robert S. , Tan Xiaodong , Zhao Xixi , He Kuang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGreater India comprises a part of the Indian plate that subducted under Asia to help form the Tibetan Plateau. Defining the size of the Greater India is thus a key constraint to model the India‐Asia collision, growth of the plateau, and the tectonic evolution of the Neo‐Tethyan realm. We report Early Cretaceous paleomagnetic data from the central and eastern Tethyan Himalaya that yield paleolatitudes consistent with previous Early Cretaceous paleogeographic reconstructions. These data suggest Greater India extended at least 2,675 ± 720 and 1,950 ± 970 km farther north from the present northern margin of India at 83.6°E and 92.4°E, respectively. An area of lithosphere ≥4.7 × 106 km2 was consumed through subduction, thereby placing a strict limit on the minimum amount of Indian lithosphere consumed since the breakup of Gondwanaland.
The Relationship Between EMIC Wave Properties and Proton Distributions Based on Van Allen Probes Observations
Authors: Yue Chao , Jun Chae‐Woo , Bortnik Jacob , An Xin , Ma Qianli , Reeves Geoffrey D. , Spence Harlan E. , Gerrard Andrew J. , Gkioulidou Matina , Mitchell Donald G. , Kletzing Craig A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPlasma kinetic theory predicts that sufficiently anisotropic proton distribution will excite electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, which in turn relax the proton distribution to a marginally stable state creating an upper bound on the relaxed proton anisotropy. Here, using EMIC wave observations and coincident plasma measurements made by Van Allen Probes in the inner magnetosphere, we show that the proton distributions are well constrained by this instability to a marginally stable state. Near the threshold, the probability of EMIC wave occurrence is highest, having left‐handed polarization and observed near the magnetic equator with relatively small wave normal angles, indicating that these waves are locally generated. In addition, EMIC waves are distributed in two magnetic local time regions with different intensity. Compared with helium band waves, hydrogen band waves behave similarly except that they are often observed in low‐density regions. These results reveal several important features regarding EMIC waves excitation and propagation.
Temperature and soil moisture control microbial community composition in an arctic–alpine ecosystem along elevational and micro-topographic gradients
Authors: Frindte K , Pape R , Werner K , Löffler J , Knief C 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Microbial communities in arctic–alpine soils show biogeographic patterns related to elevation, but the effect of fine-scale heterogeneity and possibly related temperature and soil moisture regimes remains unclear. We collected soil samples from different micro-topographic positions and elevational levels in two mountain regions of the Scandes, Central Norway. Microbial community composition was characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and was dependent on micro-topography and elevation. Underlying environmental drivers were identified by integration of microbial community data with a comprehensive set of site-specific long-term recorded temperature and soil moisture data. Partial least square regression analysis allowed the description of ecological response patterns and the identification of the important environmental drivers for each taxonomic group. This demonstrated for the first time that taxa responding to elevation were indeed most strongly defined by temperature, rather than by other environmental factors. Micro-topography affected taxa were primarily controlled by temperature and soil moisture. In general, 5-year datasets had higher explanatory power than 1-year datasets, indicating that the microbial community composition is dependent on long-term developments of near-ground temperature and soil moisture regimes and possesses a certain resilience, which is in agreement with an often observed delayed response in global warming studies in arctic–alpine regions.
High proportions of bacteria are culturable across major biomes
Authors: Martiny Adam C 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The paradigm that only 1% of microbes are culturable has had a profound impact on our understanding of microbial ecology and is still a major motivation for mostly using molecular tools to characterize microbial communities. However, this point is often expressed vaguely, suggesting that some scientists have different interpretations of the paradigm. In addition, there have been substantial advances in cultivation techniques suggesting that this paradigm may no longer be correct. To quantify bacterial culturability across six major biomes, I found that the median 16S rRNA similarity of bacteria to known cultured relatives was 97.3 ± 2.3% (s.d.). Furthermore, 52.0 ± 24% of sequences and 34.9 ± 23% of taxa (defined as &gt;97% similar) had a closely related cultured relative. Thus, many cells and taxa across environments are culturable with known techniques, suggesting that the 1% paradigm is no longer correct.
Establishment of an induced memory response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa during infection of a eukaryotic host
Authors: Kordes Adrian , Grahl Nora , Koska Michal , Preusse Matthias , Arce-Rodriguez Alejandro , Abraham Wolf-Rainer , Kaever Volkhard , Häussler Susanne 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In a given habitat, bacterial cells often experience recurrent exposures to the same environmental stimulus. The ability to memorize the past event and to adjust current behaviors can lead to efficient adaptation to the recurring stimulus. Here we demonstrate that the versatile bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa adopts a virulence phenotype after serial passage in the invertebrate model host Galleria mellonella. The virulence phenotype was not linked to the acquisition of genetic variations and was sustained for several generations, despite cultivation of the ex vivo virulence-adapted P. aeruginosa cells under rich medium conditions in vitro. Transcriptional reprogramming seemed to be induced by a host-specific food source, as reprogramming was also observed upon cultivation of P. aeruginosa in rich medium supplemented with polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids. The establishment of induced memory responses adds a time dimension and seems to fill the gap between long-term evolutionary genotypic adaptation and short-term induced individual responses. Efforts to unravel the fundamental mechanisms that underlie the carry-over effect to induce such memory responses will continue to be of importance as hysteretic behavior can serve survival of bacterial populations in changing and challenging habitats.