bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Community Empowerment Act and localism under devolution in Scotland
Authors: Elliott Ian Charles , Fejszes Violetta , Tàrrega Mariola 
Published: November 2018

PurposeIn Scotland, the Community Empowerment (Scotland) Act represents a significant development towards greater localism in the way public services are designed and delivered in Scotland. This also represents a different approach to that adopted in the rest of the UK. The purpose of this paper is to explore the stakeholder perceptions of localism within a council ward.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on an in-depth exploratory case study of a single council ward in East Scotland. The fieldwork involved 61 in-depth interviews with multiple stakeholders including local councillors, public service managers and residents.FindingsThe findings highlight that, whilst the discourse of community empowerment represents policy divergence, there remain some significant structural and social barriers to meaningful community empowerment in practice. Finally, it is argued that there are three key factors to consider when developing community empowerment: a shared strategy, shared resources and shared accountability.Originality/valueThe research draws on extensive data from an in-depth case study to explore the realities of community empowerment within a single local authority ward. In doing so, it provides a rich contextual narrative of how the rhetoric of community empowerment is perceived within a council ward setting.
Deploying partial least squares to investigate the influence of managerial assumptions on corporate social responsibility in the hotel industry
Authors: Abu Farha Allam K. , Al-Kwifi Osama Sam , Ahmed Zafar U. 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the interplay between managerial assumptions and institutional corporate social responsibility, and determines how such fit affects performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors developed and tested a model using survey methodology. The authors’ data from 210 hotels located in Qatar and the UAE were analysed using the partial least squares (PLS) approach.FindingsThe results reveal that firms with entrepreneurial, political and professional frame of reference (FoR) engage in institutional corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. In addition, the entrepreneurial and professional FoR enhances the institutional CSR – organisational performance link.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings will help managers to determine the effect of their FoR on their adoption of institutional CSR, thereby increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of their CSR strategy. As the study is exploratory in nature, several limitations have been highlighted and discussed.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the few papers that inspect the relationship between managerial assumptions and institutional CSR and establishes their effect on performance.
Are they willing to work for you? An employee-centric view to employer brand attractiveness
Authors: Ronda Lorena , Valor Carmen , Abril Carmen 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe present study aims to propose a novel employee-centric framework for the study of employer brand attractiveness. This framework disentangles the role of employer attributes, employee benefits and employee perceived value in the study of employer brands to better develop policies for talent attraction. Additionally, this study formulates a research agenda to help advance an employee-centric view of the employer’s brand management by following the tradition of customer-centric research and identifying benefits and forms of value that are yet unexplored.Design/methodology/approachThis paper performs a systematic and critical review of the literature on employer brand attraction from the lens of means-end chains to examine how the notions of “employer attributes”, “employee benefits” and “perceived value” have been addressed in past studies and what relations have been established among these three concepts.FindingsThe results unveil the existing conflation among attributes, benefits and value in the conceptualization of employer brand attractiveness. By proposing an employee-centric framework following the tenets of current consumer-centric paradigms, this paper disentangles the notions of attributes, benefits and value in the creation of attractive employer brands; establishes a hierarchical relationship among them; and suggests studying the multiple paths of relationships between attributes and benefits. These conditions should help organizations understand how to create successful strategies to ultimately ensure that they are selected as employers of choice.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research is needed to clarify the domains in which the already studied empirical relations hold. This could be achieved by conducting a laddering process based on a means–end chain approach. Additionally, the impact of this framework on the construction of effective value propositions and employee market segmentation should be further explored.Originality/valueThis paper has revisited the construct of employer brand from a means–ends approach to propose an employee-centric view guiding employer brand strategies. As competition for the best employees sharpens, understanding how employer brand traits are valued in the eyes of different segments of employees and applicants may help organizations to develop more effective strategies to attract the best talent.
Marketing of surveillance technology in three ageing countries
Authors: Vermeer Yvette , Higgs Paul , Charlesworth Georgina 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review marketing materials of surveillance products for people with dementia and their carers in three ageing countries, as part of a dementia-technology media analysis.Design/methodology/approachAn online environmental scan was conducted using search terms for surveillance technologies (STs) and dementia through a Google search focussed on the UK, Sweden and the Netherlands. Data were extracted on the products’ and websites’ marketing messages from consumer and marketer perspectives.FindingsInformation was gathered for 382 product websites, of which 242 met eligibility criteria. The majority of products come from the UK. In the UK and Sweden, the companies behind the websites appeared to be mainly “cottage industries” which focus on selling ST. In contrast, sellers in the Netherlands included a more balanced mixture of small, medium and large companies. In all three countries, the website messaging focussed on the need to manage safety concerns, without considering privacy or consent.Social implicationsContrary to the perception of future dependence on technology, the ST sector seems to be a niche market. The media messages, equating people with dementia with animals and children, are at odds with initiatives that strive for dignity and dementia friendliness.Originality/valueNo previous study is known to have explored media messages from websites that market ST for people with dementia.
Unveiling the storied lives of teachers through qualitative bricolage
Authors: Green Jennifer 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the storied lives of teacher leaders involved in the implementation of a dual language education program for elementary English learners with an emphasis on the role of reflexive methodology in bringing emergent themes to light.

Design/methodology/approach
The theory of qualitative bricolage informed the design of the study. Narrative inquiry with a heuristic lens allowed the researcher to explore the storied lives of teachers during an innovative change initiative.

Findings
Intergroup communication breakdowns between two diverse groups of teachers, European American and Latino, emerged as a relevant theme. The adaptive methodological approach was critical to the emergence of this theme, indicating that teacher leadership can and should be studied by teachers who know and empathize with the participants and their experiences.

Research limitations/implications
Teachers’ stories demonstrate that cross-cultural communication was challenging and ultimately, detrimental to the program’s development. These themes point to the need for further research regarding how diverse groups of school leaders interact on decision-making teams and how adaptive research techniques can assist in examining intergroup behavior.

Originality/value
Findings are presented via a polyphonic account that includes multiple teachers’ voices, concluding with found poetry that illustrates the challenge of communicating across the cultural divide.
Fuel for the pace of life: Baseline blood glucose concentration co‐evolves with life‐history traits in songbirds
Authors: Tomasek Oldrich , Bobek Lukas , Kralova Tereza , Adamkova Marie , Albrecht Tomas 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

It has been proposed that life histories have co‐evolved with a suite of physiological and behavioural adaptations, termed pace‐of‐life syndromes. Here, we hypothesise that basal concentration of blood glucose (G0), a major source of energy circulating in blood, may constitute a key component of pace‐of‐life syndromes.

To test this hypothesis, we measured G0 in 30 passerine species and tested its covariation with body mass and other life‐history traits. Importantly, body mass is a major life‐history determinant and, when its effect is controlled for, there may be no single fast–slow life‐history continuum in birds comprising both fecundity and life span. Hence, we used individual life‐history traits, rather than principal component analysis, to characterise life‐history variation in our analysis.

In support of G0‐life‐history co‐evolution, we found G0 to be negatively correlated with body mass and positively with reproductive investment in a single clutch across 30 passerine species. Higher G0 in females suggests that the energy demands of clutch production and incubation may be an important selection force driving co‐evolution of G0 with reproductive output.

In contrast, G0 was not associated with maximum life span, suggesting that high G0 may not constrain evolution of longevity. This implies that long‐lived species can evolve physiological adaptations preventing harmful effects of high glucose concentrations, known to cause pathologies and accelerate ageing.

In addition, G0, but not basal metabolic rate (BMR), was negatively correlated with migration distance, attesting to evolutionary changes in energy metabolism in long‐distance migrants. Our results further suggest that the links between body mass, reproduction and G0 are not mediated by BMR and that G0 is associated with fast–slow life‐history variation more closely than available BMR data.

A species life history is determined to a great extent by body mass. When this effect is controlled for, only those traits related to reproduction (but not life span) constitute the principal axis of life‐history variation in birds. Hence, the co‐evolution of G0 with body mass and reproductive output evidenced in our study indicates that G0 constitutes an important physiological component of pace‐of‐life syndromes.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma: Aiming for excellent outcomes in an Australasian context
Authors: Doyle Anthony James , Graydon Andrew John , Hanlon Michael Murray , French John Gary 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionTo report a series of patients with osteoid osteoma treated by radiofrequency ablation in whom no complications or recurrences occurred.MethodsOver a 13‐year period, 32 consecutive patients with osteoid osteoma were treated by radiofrequency ablation in an Australasian teaching centre.ResultsAll patients had resolution of symptoms with no complication or recurrence.ConclusionsThis series is further evidence for the use of radiofrequency ablation as the primary treatment for osteoid osteoma.
Modelling the distribution of the invasive Ziziphus mauritiana along road corridors in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mungate Pauline N. P. , Masocha Mhosisi , Dube Timothy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe investigate how human fruit consumption affects the spread of the alien invasive Ziziphus mauritiana along road corridors in northern Zimbabwe. A field survey was conducted to identify and map Z. Mauritiana stems at 25 randomly located 6‐ha plots placed along two main roads connecting the Zambezi Valley to the Highveld region. The L‐function was used to test for evidence of significant spatial clustering of the stems. The inhomogeneous point model fitted by maximum likelihood was also applied to check whether distance from the road explains variation in the number of stems per unit area. Finally, a t test was executed on log‐transformed abundance data to test for significant differences in the mean number of saplings and adults between the Zambezi Valley and the Highveld. Results of the L‐function indicated that Z. mauritiana had a clustered and linear distribution along roads both in the Zambezi Valley and Highveld regions. Results of the t test showed that the mean number of saplings per plot in the Zambezi Valley (μ1 = 275) was three times higher than in the Highveld (μ2 = 78), with p < 0.01. The mean number of adult trees was also significantly higher in the Zambezi Valley than in the Highveld.
Exercise training remodels human skeletal muscle mitochondrial fission and fusion machinery towards a pro‐elongation phenotype
Authors: Axelrod Christopher L. , Fealy Ciarán E. , Mulya Anny , Kirwan John P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimsMitochondria exist as a morphologically plastic network driven by cellular bioenergetic demand. Induction of fusion and fission machinery allows the organelle to regulate quality control and substrate flux. Physiological stressors promote fragmentation of the mitochondrial network, a process implicated in the onset of metabolic disease, including type 2 diabetes and obesity. It is well‐known that exercise training improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume, number, and density. However, the effect of exercise training on muscle mitochondrial dynamics remains unclear.MethodsTen sedentary adults (65.8 ± 4.6 years; 34.3 ± 2.4 kg/m2) underwent 12 weeks of supervised aerobic exercise training (5 day/wk, 85% of HRMAX). Body composition, cardio‐metabolic testing, hyperinsulinaemic‐euglycaemic clamps, and skeletal muscle biopsies were performed before and after training. MFN1, MFN2, OPA1, OMA1, FIS1, Parkin, PGC‐1α, and HSC70 protein expression was assessed via Western blot.ResultsExercise training led to improvements in insulin sensitivity, aerobic capacity, and fat oxidation (all P < 0.01), as well as reductions in body weight, BMI, fat mass and fasting glucose (all P < 0.001). When normalized for changes in mitochondrial content, exercise reduced skeletal muscle FIS1 and Parkin (P < 0.05), while having no significant effect on MFN1, MFN2, OPA1, and OMA1 expression. Exercise also improved the ratio of fusion to fission proteins (P < 0.05), which positively correlated with improvements in glucose disposal (r2 = 0.59, P < 0.05).ConclusionsExercise training alters the expression of mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins, promoting a more fused, tubular network. These changes may contribute to the improvements in insulin sensitivity and substrate utilization that are observed after exercise training.
Why the term “larva” is ambiguous, or what makes a larva?
Authors: Haug Joachim T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe term “larva” is used for many different metazoans. Although this implies a uniform meaning, the term has in fact been used to address immatures with very different characteristics. For providing more precise reference how the term larva is applied in a specific context, I outline here different criteria that have been used to identify an immature as a larva. These include larvae that (a) differ morphologically from their adult (morpho‐larva s. l.); (b) differ morphologically from their adult and additionally possess structures that become reduced during ontogeny (morpho‐larva s. str.); (c) have a different ecological niche than their adult (eco‐larva s. l.); (d) have a different ecological niche than their adult and additionally fulfil a dispersal function (eco‐larva s. str.); (e) transform by a metamorphosis to the non‐larval immature or adult (metamorph‐larva); (f) differ from the adult by having evolved new structures in the early stages (apo‐larva); (g) differ from the adult as the adult has evolved new structures (plesio‐larva). The differentiation of these criteria will provide a more precise reference reducing possible misunderstanding and allowing a more precise communication.
Measuring labor and delivery unit culture and clinicians’ attitudes toward birth: Revision and validation of the Labor Culture Survey
Authors: White VanGompel Emily , Perez Susan , Wang Chi , Datta Avisek , Cape Valerie , Main Elliott 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundCesarean delivery rates in the United States vary widely between hospitals, which cannot be fully explained by hospital or patient factors. Cultural factors are hypothesized to play a role in cesarean overuse, yet tools to measure labor culture are lacking. The aim of this study was to revise and validate a survey tool to measure hospital culture specific to cesarean overuse.MethodsA panel of clinicians and researchers compiled an item bank from validated surveys, added newly created items, and performed four rounds of iterative revision and consolidation. Obstetricians, family physicians, midwives, anesthesiologists, and labor nurses were recruited from 79 hospitals in California. Exploratory factor analysis was used to reduce the number of survey items and identify latent constructs to form the basis of subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis examined reliability in 31 additional hospitals. Poisson regression assessed associations between hospitals’ mean score on each individual item and cesarean rates.ResultsA total of 1718 individuals from 70 hospitals were included in the exploratory factor analysis. The final Labor Culture Survey (LCS) consisted of 29 items and six subscales: “Best Practices to Reduce Cesarean Overuse,” “Fear of Vaginal Birth,” “Unit Microculture,” “Physician Oversight,” “Maternal Agency,” and “Cesarean Safety.”ConclusionsThe revised LCS is a valid and reliable tool to measure constructs shown to be associated with cesarean rates. These findings support prior research that has shown that hospital culture is measurable, and that clinician attitudes are predictive of clinician behaviors. Unique to our survey is the construct of labor and delivery unit microculture.
Cumulative anthracycline exposure and risk of cardiotoxicity; a Danish nationwide cohort study of 2440 lymphoma patients treated with or without anthracyclines
Authors: Baech Joachim , Hansen Steen M. , Lund Peter E. , Soegaard Peter , Brown Peter de Nully , Haaber Jacob , Jørgensen Judit , Starklint Jørn , Josefsson Pär , Poulsen Christian B. , Juul Maja B. , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , El‐Galaly Tarec C. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryCardiotoxicity is a known risk of anthracycline treatment. However, the relative contribution of anthracyclines to the development of congestive heart failure (CHF), when included in a poly‐chemotherapy regimen, is unclear. We examined cardiotoxicity in adult patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma undergoing first‐line immunochemotherapy from 2000–2012. In total, 2440 patients without previous heart disease were identified from the Danish Lymphoma Registry, of which 1994 (81·7%) were treated with anthracycline‐containing chemotherapy [R‐CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) or R‐CHOEP (R‐CHOP + etoposide)] and 446 (18·3%) were treated without anthracyclines (reference group). Compared to the reference group, the adjusted hazard ratio of CHF after 3–5 cycles of R‐CHOP/CHOEP was 5·0 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·4; 18·5], 6 cycles 6·8 (95% CI 2·0; 23·3) and >6 cycles 13·4 (95% CI 4·0; 45·0). The cumulative 5‐year risk of CHF with all‐cause mortality as competing risk was 4·6% after 3–5 cycles of R‐CHOP/CHOEP, 4·5% after 6 and 7·9% after more than 6 cycles. Cumulative 5‐year risk for patients treated without anthracyclines was 0·8%. Using anthracyclines in first‐line lymphoma treatment increases risk of CHF in patients without previous history of heart disease. In particular, treatment with >6 cycles of R‐CHOP/CHOEP is associated with a significant increase in CHF rate.
The effect of age in patients with acquired aplastic anaemia treated with immunosuppressive therapy: comparison of Adolescents and Young Adults with children and older adults
Authors: Cabannes‐Hamy Aurélie , Boissel Nicolas , Peffault De Latour Régis , Lengliné Etienne , Leblanc Thierry , de Fontbrune Flore S. , Raffoux Emmanuel , Robin Marie , Xhaard Aliénor , Baruchel André , Socié Gérard , Dhédin Nathalie 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe incidence of acquired aplastic anaemia (AA) peaks in adolescents and young adults (AYA). Although age has been associated with response after immunosuppressive therapy (IST), few data exist about the specific outcome of AYA. We retrospectively compared the outcome of 29 children (aged <15 years), 32 AYA (15–25 years) and 23 adults (>25 years) with AA treated front‐line with IST in Saint‐Louis Hospital. The cumulative incidence of response was lower in adults compared with AYA (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] = 0·38, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0·96–1·00], P = 0·008), but no difference was observed between children and AYA (SHR = 0·84, 95% CI [0·96–1·00], P = 0·56), with a 6 months cumulative incidence of partial response of 44·8% in children, 62·5% in AYA and 21·7% in adults. The 5‐year failure‐free survival was 48·4%, without impact of age, with a 5‐year relapse rate of 20·7%. With a median follow‐up of 5·4 years, the 5‐year overall survival was 86·5%, without significant difference between children and AYA overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] 1·51, 95% CI [0·25–9·02], P = 0·66), while adults displayed poorer survival than AYA (HR 4·98, 95% CI [1·00–24·73], P = 0·049). This study confirms that age is a prognostic factor in AA patients treated with IST. However, AYA patients have a similar outcome to children in terms of response rate and survival.
The treatment of older Hodgkin lymphoma patients
Authors: Böll Boris , Görgen Helen 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe outcome of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has dramatically improved over the past decades and continues to improve with the development of novel targeted therapies, such as the immunoconjugate brentuximab vedotin and the checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab. Moreover, with the use of response‐adapted strategies using positron‐emission‐tomography (PET), the overall intensity of treatment for most patients can be reduced, resulting in less acute and late toxicity. However, these advances are mainly restricted to younger patients, as advances in patients above the age of 60 years (‘older’ patients) have been much less pronounced. Furthermore, about one third of all HL patients are among the older population, but only 5–10% of the patients treated in current HL clinical trials are ≥60 years old. HL in older patients is characterized by aggressive disease and unfavourable prognostic features as B symptoms and predominance of advanced stages. In addition, tolerance to curative chemotherapy is drastically reduced in older patients resulting in excessive toxicity and insufficient treatment due to therapy delays and dose reductions. Therefore, there is a significant unmet medical need in older HL patients for less toxic and effective therapies, and an important gap of knowledge concerning this growing population of patients. Recent advances on epidemiology, characteristics and treatment of older HL patients will be summarized in this article.