bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining Ability and Heterosis Analysis in Maize: Insights from Line × Tester Hybridization
Authors: Vardhini Talatam Ramya , Kumar I. Sudhir , Rajesh A. Prasanna 
Published: October 2024

Fifty hybrids were obtained by crossing twenty five lines with two testers and were evaluated to study heterosis and combining ability for kernel yield per plant and its components traits. The experiment was laid out in simple lattice design with two replications during kharif 2019 at Agricultural Research Station, Peddapuram, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. Heterosis studies revealed that twelve out of fifty crosses exhibited significant positive heterosis over the mid-parent, five crosses showed significant positive heterosis over the better parent and one cross exhibited significant positive heterosis over the standard check, DHM117, for kernel yield per plant. The cross PDM1732 × BML6 recorded significant heterosis over mid parent, better parent and standard check in desirable direction for kernel yield per plant. Out of the 25 lines evaluated in the present investigation, the line PDM1733 for protein content and kernel yield per plant was found to be good general combiner in desirable direction and can be utilized as parent for production of good hybrids by crossing with other divergent lines and can also be employed in the development of synthetic varieties. None of the fifty crosses recorded significant sca effect for kernel yield per plant.
Comparative Evaluation of Antibiotic Therapies for Subclinical Staphylococcal Mastitis in Goats
Authors: Patel Manoj , Gupta Devendra Kumar , Singh Mrinal , Pratap Aditya , Rai Ajay Kumar , Jain Supnesh , Suryavanshi Nitesh , Jatav Ranbir Singh , Mudiya Bhoopendra Kumar 
Published: October 2024

Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is characterized by inflammation of the udder without visible signs of inflammation in the animal, udder and milk and hence could be diagnosed by laboratory examination only. Effective treatment of SCM in goats is crucial for maintaining quality milk production. This study was conducted at the Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur (M.P.), India. A total of 236 lactating goats irrespective of age, breed, parity and stage of lactation, from both organized and unorganized sectors in and around Jabalpur, were screened over a period of six month. Based on modified California mastitis test scores, 83 goats tested positive for subclinical mastitis resulting in an overall occurrence of 35.17% (83/236). A total of 48 milk samples that tested positive for modified California mastitis test were further analyzed for bacterial isolation and identification. Among them, 34 (70.83%) samples were positive for only Staphylococcus spp., while 12 (25%) samples exhibited mixed infection with Staphylococcus spp. and Gram-positive bacilli. Then, 18 goats, positive for subclinical Staphylococcal mastitis were divided into three groups i.e. G1, G2 and G3 with six goats in each group for therapeutic study and six apparently healthy goats were taken as healthy control group (G4). G1 Goats were treated with Inj. Enrofloxacin LA @ 7.5 mg/kg b. wt. I/M single dose; G2 with Inj. Ceftizoxime @ 10 mg/kg b. wt. I/V single dose and G3 with Inj. Oxytetracycline LA @ 20 mg/kg b. wt. I/M single dose. The responses of therapeutic assessment were evaluated on the basis of somatic cell count and modified California mastitis test score. The most effective response for subclinical Staphylococcal mastitis in goats was observed with Ceftizoxime followed by Enrofloxacin LA and the least with Oxytetracycline LA.
Assessing Farmers' Knowledge of Sugarcane Production Technology in Haryana, India
Authors: Agarwal Disha , Chahal P. K. , Ghanghas B. S. , Mishra Ishita , Mohit  , Joshi Akansha 
Published: October 2024

Aim: This study aims to assess the knowledge level of sugarcane growers in Haryana, India, regarding sugarcane production technology and to propose strategies for enhancing their knowledge.
Methodology: A total of 120 sugarcane farmers were purposively selected from three key sugarcane-producing districts: Yamuna Nagar, Kaithal, and Rohtak. Farmers were interviewed using a well-structured knowledge assessment schedule covering ten key components of sugarcane production. Statistical tools including weighted mean score, correlation analysis, and ranking were employed to analyze and interpret the data.
Results: The study revealed that 68.34 per cent of farmers had a medium level of knowledge regarding production technology, with significant gaps observed in manure and fertilizer use (75.80% lacked full knowledge) and pest control. On the other hand, 85.00 per cent of farmers had full knowledge of irrigation practices. Positive correlations were found between knowledge levels and factors such as education, income, social participation, and media exposure.
Conclusion and Recommendations: Strengthening farmers' knowledge through systematic education and extension services is essential for bridging the technological gap and improving agricultural productivity. To address these knowledge gaps, the study recommends targeted extension programs, farmer training workshops, and the use of mass media to improve farmers' access to updated agricultural practices. Increased collaboration with agricultural cooperatives and research institutions could also play a vital role in enhancing farmers' knowledge and boosting sugarcane production in the region.
Prognostic Impact of Bacterobilia on Morbidity and Postoperative Management After Pancreatoduodenectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Müssle Benjamin , Hempel Sebastian , Kahlert Christoph , Distler Marius , Weitz Jürgen , Welsch Thilo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative bile analysis during pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is performed routinely at specialized centers worldwide. However, it remains controversial if and how intraoperative bacterobilia during PD affects morbidity and its management. The aim of the study was a systematic review and meta‐analysis of intraoperative bacterobilia and its impact on patient outcome after PD.MethodsFive relevant outcomes of interest were defined, and a systematic review of the literature with meta‐analysis was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsA total of 28 studies (8523 patients) were included. The median incidence of bacterobilia was 58% (interquartile range 51–67%). The most frequently isolated bacteria were Enterococcus species (51%), Klebsiella species (28%), and Escherichia coli (27%). Preoperative biliary drainage was significantly associated with bacterobilia (86 vs. 25%; RR 3.27; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.42–4.42; p < 0.001). The incidence of surgical site infections (SSI) was significantly increased in cases with bacterobilia (RR 2.84; 95% CI 2.17–3.73; p < 0.001). Postoperative pancreatic fistula, overall postoperative morbidity, and mortality were not significantly influenced. Identical bacteria in bile and the infectious sources were found in 48% (interquartile range 34–59%) of the cases.ConclusionsBacterobilia is detected during almost every second PD and is associated with an increased rate of SSI. The microbiome from intraoperative bile and postoperative infectious sources match in ~50% of patients, providing the option of early administration of calculated antibiotics and the determination of resistance patterns.
Potential of biogenic methane for pilot-scale fermentation ex situ with lump anthracite and the changes of methanogenic consortia
Authors: Yang Xiuqing , Chen Yanmei , Wu Ruiwei , Nie Zhiqiang , Han Zuoying , Tan Kaili , Chen Linyong 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Pilot-scale fermentation is one of the important processes for achieving industrialization of biogenic coalbed methane (CBM), although the mechanism of biogenic CBM remains unknown. In this study, 16 samples of formation water from CBM production wells were collected and enriched for methane production, and the methane content was between 3.1 and 21.4%. The formation water of maximum methane production was used as inoculum source for pilot-scale fermentation. The maximum methane yield of the pilot-scale fermentation with lump anthracite amendment reached 13.66 μmol CH4/mL, suggesting that indigenous microorganisms from formation water degraded coal to produce methane. Illumina high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the bacterial and archaeal communities in the formation water sample differed greatly from the methanogic water enrichment culture. The hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanocalculus dominated the formation water. Acetoclastic methanogens, from the order Methanosarcinales, dominated coal bioconversion. Thus, the biogenic methanogenic pathway ex situ cannot be simply identified according to methanogenic archaea in the original inoculum. Importantly, this study was the first time to successfully simulate methanogenesis in large-capacity fermentors (160 L) with lump anthracite amendment, and the result was also a realistic case for methane generation in pilot-scale ex situ.
Assessment of Efficacy of BLIS-Producing Probiotic K12 for the Prevention of Group A Streptococcus Pharyngitis: a Short Communication
Authors: Di Pierro Francesco 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The neutral outcome of the recently reported school-based trial of probiotic K12 (The effect of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 on group A streptococcus pharyngitis: a pragmatic trial in schools) can be attributed at least partially to several readily identifiable confounding factors. Mainly, the execution and outcome were negatively impacted by (a) the suboptimal efficacy and frequency of K12 administration, (b) the failure both clinically and microbiologically to adequately diagnose and distinguish active group A streptococci (GAS) pharyngitis from harmless GAS carriage, and (c) the exceptionally low occurrence of GAS in this population at the time of the probiotic intervention due to recent high-intensity antibiotic exposure.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor preserves intestinal mucosal barrier function and alters gut microbiota in mice
Authors: Li Chen , Cai Yong‐Yan , Yan Zhi‐Xin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB) enables the intestine to provide adequate containment of luminal microorganisms and molecules while preserving the ability to absorb nutrients. In this study, we explored the effect of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on IMB function and gut microbiota in mice. BDNF gene knock‐out mice (the BDNF+/−group) and wild‐type mice (the BDNF+/+group) were selected. The gut microbiota of these mice was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) assay. The ultrastructure of the ileum and the colonic epithelium obtained from decapitated mice were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The protein expression of epithelial tight junction proteins, zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) and occludin was detected by immunohistochemistry staining. The protein expression of claudin‐1 and claudin‐2 was determined by Western blotting. The DGGE band patterns of gut microbiota in the BDNF+/−group were significantly different from that in the BDNF+/+group, which indicated that the BDNF expression alters the gut microbiota in mice. Compared with the BDNF+/+group, the BDNF+/−group presented no significant difference in the ultrastructure of ileal epithelium; however, a significant difference was observed in the colonic epithelial barrier, manifested by decreased microvilli, widening intercellular space and bacterial invasion. Compared with the BDNF+/+group, the expression of ZO‐1 and occludin in the BDNF+/−group was significantly decreased. The expression of claudin‐1 in the BDNF+/−group was significantly reduced, while the expression of claudin‐2 was elevated. These findings indicate that BDNF preserves IMB function and modulates gut microbiota in mice.
Coercive paternalism and the intelligence continuum
Authors: COFNAS NATHAN 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThaler and Sunstein advocate ‘libertarian paternalism’. A libertarian paternalist changes the conditions under which people act so that their cognitive biases lead them to choose what is best for themselves. Although libertarian paternalism manipulates people, Thaler and Sunstein say that it respects their autonomy by preserving the possibility of choice. Conly argues that libertarian paternalism does not go far enough, since there is no compelling reason why we should allow people the opportunity to choose to bring disaster upon themselves if sometimes they will make the wrong decision. She defends ‘coercive paternalism’. The present paper argues that errors in reasoning are not due only to cognitive biases. People also make errors because they have an insufficient level of general intelligence. Intelligence is distributed on a continuum. Those who fall on higher levels of the continuum have greater abilities, in certain contexts, to reason about both their own and others’ interests. Coercive paternalism may sometimes be appropriate to prevent less intelligent people from engaging in self-destructive behavior due to errors of reasoning.
The initial development of a jet caused by fluid, body and free surface interaction with a uniformly accelerated advancing or retreating plate. Part 2. Well-posedness and stability of the principal flow
Authors: Gallagher M. T. , Needham D. J. , Billingham J. 
Published: February 2018

We consider the problem of a rigid plate, inclined at an angle $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\in (0,\unicode[STIX]{x03C0}/2)$ to the horizontal, accelerating uniformly from rest into, or away from, a semi-infinite strip of inviscid, incompressible fluid under gravity. Following on from Gallagher et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 841, 2018, pp. 109–145) (henceforth referred to as GNB), it is of interest to analyse the well-posedness and stability of the principal flow with respect to perturbations in the initially horizontal free surface close to the plate contact point. In particular we find that the solution to the principal unperturbed problem, denoted by [IBVP] in GNB, is well-posed and stable with respect to perturbations in initial data in the region of interest, localised close to the contact point of the free surface and the plate, when the plate is accelerated with dimensionless acceleration $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}\geqslant -\cot \,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$, while the solution to [IBVP] is ill-posed with respect to such perturbations in the initial data, when the plate is accelerated with dimensionless acceleration $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}<-\cot \,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$. The physical source of the ill-posedness of the principal problem [IBVP], when $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}<-\cot \,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$, is revealed to be due to the leading-order problem in the innermost region localised close to the initial contact point being in the form of a local Rayleigh–Taylor problem. As a consequence of this mechanistic interpretation we anticipate that, when the plate is accelerated with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}<-\cot \,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$, the inclusion of weak surface tension effects will restore well-posedness of the problem [IBVP] which will, however, remain temporally unstable.
NONEXPANSIVE BIJECTIONS TO THE UNIT BALL OF THE -SUM OF STRICTLY CONVEX BANACH SPACES
Authors: KADETS V. , ZAVARZINA O. 
Published: February 2018

Extending recent results by Cascales et al. [‘Plasticity of the unit ball of a strictly convex Banach space’, Rev. R. Acad. Cienc. Exactas Fís. Nat. Ser. A Mat.110(2) (2016), 723–727], we demonstrate that for every Banach space $X$ and every collection $Z_{i},i\in I$, of strictly convex Banach spaces, every nonexpansive bijection from the unit ball of $X$ to the unit ball of the sum of $Z_{i}$ by $\ell _{1}$ is an isometry.
Sémantique différentielle
Authors: Darbelnet J. 
Published: February 2018

Le point de vue comparatif a ouvert de fructueux champs de recherches aux historiens de la littérature. Il n’y a pas de raison pour qu’il ne se révèle pas également fécond en linguistique. Il existe déjà des ouvrages de grammaire comparée, en petit nombre cependant. Mais à mesure que les langues seront mieux connues et plus amplement décrites, la méthode des rapprochements trouvera davantage l’occasion de s’exercer.Ce qui la justifie, c’est qu’elle permet de faire sur les choses comparées des observations qui ne seraient guère possibles autrement. Il y a, par exemple, une certaine valeur de la voix pronominale en français qui ne frappe que lorsqu’on établit une comparaison avec d’autres langues, par exemple le latin et l’anglais. Celui qui étudie le français sans regarder au dehors risque fort de ne pas apercevoir un aspect caractéristique qui n’apparaît guère que par contraste.
Language universals and research efficiency in descriptive linguistics
Authors: Swadesh M. 
Published: February 2018

Thirty years ago the leitmotif of ethnology and linguistics was militant relativism. It was emphasized that each culture and each language is a world of its own with its own elements and arrangements, its own standards, and its own laws. It was often, though not always, clearly recognized that, running across the differences, there were points of agreement among different systems. In the effort to avoid ethnocentrically based errors, the principle of generalization itself was sometimes atrophied.In the matter of research technique, openmindedness was emphasized. The field-worker was urged to gather plentiful evidence before drawing any conclusions. In matters of phonology it was recommended that one write exactly what one heard. Now, one of the positive fruits of the relativist epoch was the development of the idea of structure, the gestalt principle, and, in the study of sounds, phonemics. This means that not until one has discovered the system is he in a position to perceive sounds adequately. And something of the same kind is applicable in other phases of language. In dropping the illusion of objective non-phonemic recording there was opened up a short-cut to the laborious collection of unorganized facts.
Japanese imperative constructions
Authors: Prideaux Gary D. 
Published: February 2018

Modern colloquial Japanese exhibits within its grammatical system several types of imperative constructions which, on the surface, seem quite diverse. Examples of some imperatives areAll of these imperatives may be glossed as “close the window,” with various differences in style noted in parentheses. In each of the constructions above, both ‘window’ and o, the direct object marker, remain unchanged, while the shape of the verb ‘close’ as well as the presence of other morphemes such as ‘give’, ‘do’, and i, ro, imperative shapes, change considerably. The negative imperatives are equally diverse. Each of the following examples may be glossed as “do not close the window”:
Sur l’interpretation des co-occurrences d’ «adjectifs de nation» et de noms en français
Authors: Bellert Irena , Nattiez Jean-Jacques 
Published: February 2018

Le But de cet article est d’examiner comment des locuteurs ayant la compétence du français, interprètent des phrases contenant la co-occurrence d’« adjectifs de nation » et de noms quelconques, où l’adjectif est, par rapport au nom, soit en position d’épithète (ex.: « l’homme français »), soit en position d’attribut (ex.: « cet homme est français »).La dénomination « adjectif de nation » reste évidemment très vague, car il n’est pas certain que les adjectifs examinés ici puissent être rangés dans une classe désignée par un terme simple. Nous entendons ici des adjectifs rattachés à des noms propres de pays, comme « français », « belge », « suisse » ou à des groupes humains comme « esquimau », qui, sans posséder de pays qui leur soit propre, n’en constituent pas moins ce qu’on peut appeler une nation. De toute manière, il serait vain de se donner a priori une définition sémantique globale de tous ces termes, puisque l’analyse détaillée des quelques types auxquels ils appartiennent, doit permettre de préciser leur interprétation.
Canadian raising
Authors: Chambers J. K. 
Published: February 2018

This Paper discusses a particular phonological rule that occurs in several English dialects, including Canadian English. The rule will be referred to throughout as ‘Canadian Raising’ purely for mnemonic purposes; no geographical rigour is intended by the epithet ‘Canadian’—a point that is made abundantly clear in §4, where the distribution of the rule is taken up. The appropriateness of the term resides in the relative role the rule plays in Canadian English, where its effect is the most readily identifiable trait of the dialect. Thus, speakers of Canadian English are often identified by the speakers of adjoining dialects by their pronunciation of words like wife and south, which are usually mis-heard by speakers of General American as weef and sooth.The main facts about Canadian Raising were first organized systematically three decades ago by Martin Joos, in a short article entitled “A phonological dilemma in Canadian English” (1942). Since then, they have been cursorily referred to in the literature several times (for example: Bloomfield 1948: 62; McDavid 1963: 470, etc.) and have been reorganized in a different theoretical framework (Halle 1962: 343) with no augmentation—and usually a simplification—of Joos’s observations.
Universal constraints on variably deleted final consonants: evidence from Spanish
Authors: Terrell Tracy D. 
Published: February 2018

One of the principle aims of research in linguistic theory is to discover linguistic universals which may be represented as a part of linguistic metatheory. In phonological theory there are many examples of such attempts. For example, the formal conventions proposed by Chomsky and Halle (1968) in The Sound Pattern of English were to represent universal constraints for natural languages.It has been shown on numerous occasions (for example, Labov, 1971) that phonological theory must be able to account for the systematic variability regularly present in all phonological systems. Although quantitative studies of phonological variability are still relatively new, it is important all the same to attempt to posit possible universal constraints, both formal and substantive, within the current formulation of variability theory in order to test the theory itself. Of particular interest are questions such as the following: What are universal constraints on the FORM of variable rules? Are there universal constraints on the types of environments in which variable rules may apply?
German Evidence for a Universal Clause Union Rule
Authors: Embleton Sheila M. 
Published: February 2018

Perlmutter posits a universally-applicable Clause Union (CU) rule as follows:
(a)If the downstairs clause is intransitive, downstairs 1 becomes upstairs 2.(b)If it is transitive, downstairs 2 becomes upstairs 2, and downstairs 1 becomes upstairs 3.(c)Deviations will be the result of (i) PSV or (ii) DAT MVT.