bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal complications following open and fetoscopic fetal surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sacco Adalina , Van der Veeken Lennart , Bagshaw Emma , Ferguson Catherine , Van Mieghem Tim , David Anna L. , Deprest Jan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo establish maternal complication rates for fetoscopic or open fetal surgery.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review for studies of fetoscopic or open fetal surgery performed since 1990, recording maternal complications during fetal surgery, the remainder of pregnancy, delivery, and after the index pregnancy.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐six studies were included, reporting outcomes for open fetal (n = 1193 patients) and fetoscopic surgery (n = 9403 patients). No maternal deaths were reported. The risk of any maternal complication in the index pregnancy was 20.9% (95%CI, 15.22‐27.13) for open fetal and 6.2% (95%CI, 4.93‐7.49) for fetoscopic surgery. For severe maternal complications (grades III to V Clavien‐Dindo classification of surgical complications), the risk was 4.5% (95% CI 3.24‐5.98) for open fetal and 1.7% (95% CI, 1.19‐2.20) for fetoscopic surgery. In subsequent pregnancies, open fetal surgery increased the risk of preterm birth but not uterine dehiscence or rupture. Nearly one quarter of reviewed studies (n = 175, 23.3%) was excluded for failing to report the presence or absence of maternal complications.ConclusionsMaternal complications occur in 6.2% fetoscopic and 20.9% open fetal surgeries, with serious maternal complications in 1.7% fetoscopic and 4.5% open procedures.Reporting of maternal complications is variable. To properly quantify maternal risks, outcomes should be reported consistently across all fetal surgery studies.
Isotactic Regulation in the Radical Polymerization of Calcium Methacrylate: Is Multiple Chelation the Key to Stereocontrol?
Authors: Noble Benjamin B. , Coote Michelle L. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTAccurate quantum chemistry is used to explain the origins of isospecificity in radical polymerization of calcium methacrylate hydrate (CaMA). Distonic radical–cation interactions are shown to be crucial in determining the reactivity of different coordination structures. Cation coordination to the terminal and incoming monomer side chains reduces radical‐cation separation, enhancing the reactivity of these modes over the stereocontrolling terminal‐penultimate binding modes. This explains why Lewis acid‐mediated radical polymerization often fails to produce highly isotactic polymer for common monomers such as methyl methacrylate. However, theoretical calculations suggest that the poly(CaMA) terminus forms a chelated bridging scaffold in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), which involves the terminal, penultimate and incoming monomer carboxylate groups. This scaffold simultaneously activates the incoming monomer toward propagation and regulates the relative orientation of the terminal and penultimate side chains. The bridging scaffold is disrupted in more polar solvents and/or if alternative nonchelating counter‐cations are employed, leading to loss of isotactic control. These results suggest that higher levels of isotactic control may be achievable if reaction conditions are optimized to favor bridging scaffold formation. The broader importance of these findings to stereocontrol in radical polymerization is also discussed. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 52–61
Protein oligomerization as a metabolic control mechanism: Application to apoE
Authors: Frieden Carl 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt has been estimated that 30%–50% of proteins self‐assemble to form complexes consisting of multiple copies of themselves. If there is a functional difference between different molecular weight forms and if these forms interconvert on a reasonable time scale then oligomerization could be an important metabolic control mechanism. The example given here is of apoE for which the oligomerization process is measured in minutes to hours and the monomer binds lipids while the tetramer does not. Examination of the literature reveals few reports on the rate constants that control the interconversion of different molecular weight forms. Perhaps it is time to collect such data.
Hybridizing ant colony optimization algorithm with nonlinear programming method for effective optimal design of sewer networks
Authors: Moeini Ramtin , Afshar Mohammad Hadi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe ant colony optimization algorithm (ACOA) is hybridized with nonlinear programming (NLP) for the optimal design of sewer networks. The resulting problem is a highly constrained mixed integer nonlinear problem (MINLP) presenting a challenge even to the modern heuristic search methods. In the proposed hybrid method, The ACOA is used to determine pipe diameters while the NLP is used to determine the pipe slopes of the network by proposing two different formulations. In the first formulation, named ACOA‐NLP1, a penalty method is used to satisfy the problem constraints while in the second one, named ACOA‐NLP2, the velocity and flow depth constraints are expressed in terms of the slope constraints which are easily satisfied as box constraint of the NLP solver leading to a considerable reduction of the search space size. In addition, the assumption of minimum cover depth at the network inlets is used to calculate the nodal cover depths and the pump and drop heights at the network nodes, if required, leading to a complete solution. The total cost of the constructed solution is used as the objective function of the ACOA, guiding the ant toward minimum cost solutions. Proposed hybrid methods are used to solve three test examples, and the results are presented and compared with those produced by a conventional application of ACOA. The results indicate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed formulations and in particular the ACOA‐NLP2 to optimally solve the sewer network design optimization problems.Practitioner points

ACOA is hybridized with NLP for the effective optimal design of sewer networks.

Here, ACOA is used to determine pipe diameters and NLP is used to determine the network pipe slopes with predefined pipe diameters.

In ACOA‐NLP1, a penalty method is used to enforce the problem constraints.

In ACOA‐NLP2, velocity and flow depth constrains are expressed in terms of slope constraint.
Coupled Self-Organized Hydrodynamics and Stokes Models for Suspensions of Active Particles
Authors: Degond Pierre , Merino-Aceituno Sara , Vergnet Fabien , Yu Hui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe derive macroscopic dynamics for self-propelled particles in a fluid. The starting point is a coupled Vicsek–Stokes system. The Vicsek model describes self-propelled agents interacting through alignment. It provides a phenomenological description of hydrodynamic interactions between agents at high density. Stokes equations describe a low Reynolds number fluid. These two dynamics are coupled by the interaction between the agents and the fluid. The fluid contributes to rotating the particles through Jeffery’s equation. Particle self-propulsion induces a force dipole on the fluid. After coarse-graining we obtain a coupled Self-Organised Hydrodynamics–Stokes system. We perform a linear stability analysis for this system which shows that both pullers and pushers have unstable modes. We conclude by providing extensions of the Vicsek–Stokes model including short-distance repulsion, finite particle inertia and finite Reynolds number fluid regime.
Klinisch-bioinformatische Analyse bei Intelligenzminderung
Authors: Krawitz Peter 
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund und Methoden
Durch den Einsatz von Hochdurchsatz-Sequenziertechnologie kann bei der Mehrheit von Patienten mit Intelligenzminderung (ID) eine molekulare Ursache gefunden werden. Für die Integration der Ganzgenomsequenzierung in die Regelversorgung ist der Einsatz effektiver Filter- und Priorisierungsverfahren unerlässlich, um die Datenmengen effizient sichten zu können. Entscheidend ist dabei die Kommunikation zwischen Klinik und Labor, die die Kombination von phänotypischer und molekularer Information erst ermöglicht. In der PEDIA(Prioritization of Exome Data by Image Analysis)-Studie wurden erstmals Verfahren des maschinellen Lernens in der Bildanalyse eingesetzt, um syndromale Ähnlichkeiten zu quantifizieren und für die weitere bioinformatische Auswertung nutzbar zu machen.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen
Bei vielen monogenen Erkrankungen kommen faziale Auffälligkeiten vor, die sich für die computergestützte Bildanalyse eignen. Aktuell kann ein „gestalt score“ bereits für ca. 300 unterschiedliche Phänotypen, viele davon mit ID, anhand eines Porträt-Fotos berechnet werden. Bei diesen Erkrankungen erhöht sich die Genauigkeit der Priorisierung (top 1 accuracy rate) um ca. 20 %, wenn solche Ähnlichkeitswerte zusätzlich berücksichtigt werden.
Deep–Learning-Verfahren werden zukünftig auch bei der Beurteilung weiterer medizinischer Bilddaten eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Um diese Technologie in der Entscheidungsfindung in der Klinik nutzen zu können, muss die IT-Infrastruktur entsprechend angepasst werden.
Mothering from the Inside Out: Adapting an evidence-based intervention for high-risk mothers in the Western Cape of South Africa
Authors: Suchman Nancy , Berg Astrid , Abrahams Lameze , Abrahams Toni , Adams Amy , Cowley Brenda , Decoste Cindy , Hawa Waseem , Lachman Anusha , Mpinda Bulelwa , Cader-Mokoa Nasera , Nama Nosisana , Voges Juané 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDuring South Africa's first two decades as a democracy, the Western Cape Province has undergone radical changes to its healthcare system in an effort to address the extensive socioeconomic inequities that remain in the aftermath of the apartheid era. Although progress has been made, there is a clear need for interventions that support parents and children receiving health services in the public sector who are vulnerable to multiple psychosocial risks associated with extreme poverty. In this mixed-method study, we examined the feasibility and acceptability of adapting an evidence-based parenting intervention called Mothering from the Inside Out that was developed for mothers who are vulnerable to similar risks in the United States. Using qualitative methods, we documented the collaborative process that was guided by principles of community-based participatory research and examined themes in the Western Cape collaborators’ perspectives about the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. Using quantitative methods, we tested the preliminary efficacy of the adapted version of Mothering from the Inside Out for improving maternal reflective functioning and mother–child interactions. Although findings from both study components indicated preliminary promise, a number of obstacles and challenges at multiple levels underscore the need for (a) flexibility and contextual support for intervention research conducted in under-resourced communities, (b) clinical sensitivity to the unique experiences of parents rearing children in highly stressful, under-resourced environments, and (c) equal partnerships that allow the expertise of local providers to inform the design proposals of consulting investigators.
A systematic approach to family engagement: Feasibility pilot of a pediatric delirium management and prevention toolkit
Authors: Silver Gabrielle , Traube Chani 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveDelirium is a frequent and severe complication of serious pediatric illness. Development of a nonpharmacologic approach to prevent pediatric delirium may improve short- and long-term outcomes in children and their families. In this brief report, we describe the development of a quality improvement project designed to methodically promote the family member's engagement, comforting, and orienting activities with their critically ill child to decrease delirium rates.MethodWe created a developmentally specific Delirium Prevention Toolkit for families. In a feasibility pilot, March through June 2016, we offered the kit to 15 patients and their families. On discharge, families were asked to describe use of the toolkit and whether or not it was helpful for them.ResultsTwelve of 15 patients and families used various elements of the toolkit, particularly the headphones, music, and games; no one regularly used the blank journal. All reported that it was easy and helpful to have as support for their stay in the pediatric intensive care unit.Significance of resultsThis pilot demonstrated practicality of a nonpharmacologic delirium prevention toolkit in the pediatric intensive care unit, and satisfaction from patients and families.
Comparing Paleomagnetic Study Means With Apparent Wander Paths: A Case Study and Paleomagnetic Test of the Greater India Versus Greater Indian Basin Hypotheses
Authors: Rowley David B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper discusses the framework for comparing independent study means (SMs) with averages of aggregated study mean paleomagnetic poles, hereafter referred to as reference poles, contributing to continental or global apparent polar wander paths (GAPWP). Paleomagnetists typically compare individual SMs to these population means to compute latitudinal displacements or rotations with uncertainties estimated by comparing A95's. Using this comparison statistic, more than half of the population of reference SMs contributing to a GAPWP fall at an angular distance that is greater than their combined uncertainties. Two approaches are presented that yield similar results based on different rationales and comparison statistics. Common to both approaches is K95,GAPWP, the angular distance within which 95% of poles contributing to an APWP mean fall. One approach combines K95,GAPWP and the A95,SM of the independent study mean that can only be judged to be significantly displaced if the angular difference with the GAPWP mean exceeds their combined uncertainty. The second approach uses K95,GAPWP as the best estimate of total error of each study mean, which when combined with uncertainty of the GAPWP mean, A95,GAPWP, defines the angular difference that the independent study mean needs to exceed to be judged to be significantly displaced from a GAPWP mean. These comparison statistics are used to assess paleomagnetic support for Greater Indian Basin hypothesis for the paleogeographic evolution of the northern margin of India prior to collision with Asia. The Greater Indian Basin hypothesis is not supported based on these more rigorous criteria.
Roles of Bank Material in Setting Bankfull Hydraulic Geometry as Informed by the Selenga River Delta, Russia
Authors: Dong Tian Y. , Nittrouer Jeffrey A. , Czapiga Matthew J. , Ma Hongbo , McElroy Brandon , Il'icheva Elena , Pavlov Maksim , Chalov Sergey , Parker Gary 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA semi‐empirical bankfull Shields number relation as a function of slope, bed, and bank sediment grain size is obtained based on a field data set that includes the delta of the Selenga River, Russia, and other rivers from around the globe. The new Shields number relation is used in conjunction with continuity, flow resistance, and sediment transport equations to deduce predictive relations for bankfull width, depth, and slope of sand‐bed rivers. In addition, hydraulic geometry relations are obtained specifically for the Selenga River delta. Key results of this study are as follows: (1) bankfull width is strongly dependent on water discharge and is directly related to bank sediment size; (2) bankfull shear velocity is weakly dependent on bed sediment size and is inversely related to bank sediment size; (3) sand‐bed deltas with multiple distributary channels maintain smaller bankfull Shields numbers than is typical of alluvial rivers. This analysis is the first of its kind to include bank sediment size into a predictive bankfull Shields number relation to obtain relations for bankfull hydraulic geometry. The relations presented here can be utilized in morphodynamic models that explore how fluvial and deltaic systems respond to a range of imposed conditions, such as variable base level, sediment, and water supply.
Parameterizing Sea Surface Temperature Cooling Induced by Tropical Cyclones: 2. Verification by Ocean Drifters
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhang Da‐Lin , Guan Jian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study analyzes sea surface responses to tropical cyclones (TCs), based on sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean surface current (VOS) data from 57 buoy drifters, together with satellite SST and sea surface height anomaly data, associated with nine TCs during the year of 2016 in order to validate the TC‐induced SST cooling (SSTC) parameterization scheme developed in Part 1. Results show that the drifters‐measured SSTs compare favorably to the satellite detected, except near the coastline and at high latitudes, and that SSTCs are negatively correlated with sea surface height anomaly. During TC passage, VOS usually rotate clockwise on the right‐hand side of TC tracks, but their rotating directions cannot be specified on their left‐hand side. After TC passage, most drifters, located on both sides, show clockwise rotation. These results help characterize the responses of SST and VOS to TCs into the following three modes: (i) significant increases in VOS during TC passage, followed by strong SSTC; (ii) decreases or little changes in VOS, followed by SSTC; and (iii) little changes in both VOS and SSTC. All the three response modes are reasonably included in the SSTC parameterization scheme. After optimizing three empirical constants, based on the drifters' data, the scheme's performance is evaluated by comparing the parameterized SSTC to the drifters‐measured SSTs, showing satisfactory results in terms of the starting time, duration, strength, and rate of SSTCs. An error analysis shows a mean value of about 20% of the observed SSTC with a small standard deviation, confirming the effectiveness of the SSTC parameterization scheme.
Implementing Plant Hydraulics in the Community Land Model, Version 5
Authors: Kennedy Daniel , Swenson Sean , Oleson Keith W. , Lawrence David M. , Fisher Rosie , Lola da Costa Antonio Carlos , Gentine Pierre 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVersion 5 of the Community Land Model (CLM5) introduces the plant hydraulic stress (PHS) configuration of vegetation water use, which is described and compared with the corresponding parameterization from CLM4.5. PHS updates vegetation water stress and root water uptake to better reflect plant hydraulic theory, advancing the physical basis of the model. The new configuration introduces prognostic vegetation water potential, modeled at the root, stem, and leaf levels. Leaf water potential replaces soil potential as the basis for stomatal conductance water stress, and root water potential is used to implement hydraulic root water uptake, replacing a transpiration partitioning function. Point simulations of a tropical forest site (Caxiuanã, Brazil) under ambient conditions and partial precipitation exclusion highlight the differences between PHS and the previous CLM implementation. Model description and simulation results are contextualized with a list of benefits and limitations of the new model formulation, including hypotheses that were not testable in previous versions of the model. Key results include reductions in transpiration and soil moisture biases relative to a control model under both ambient and exclusion conditions, correcting excessive dry season soil moisture stress in the control model. PHS implements hydraulic gradient root water uptake, which allows hydraulic redistribution and compensatory root water uptake and results in PHS utilizing a larger portion of the soil column to buffer shortfalls in precipitation. The new model structure, which bases water stress on leaf water potential, could have significant implications for vegetation‐climate feedbacks, including increased sensitivity of photosynthesis to atmospheric vapor pressure deficit.
Thurston Island (West Antarctica) Between Gondwana Subduction and Continental Separation: A Multistage Evolution Revealed by Apatite Thermochronology
Authors: Zundel Maximilian , Spiegel Cornelia , Mehling André , Lisker Frank , Hillenbrand Claus‐Dieter , Monien Patrick , Klügel Andreas 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe first low‐temperature thermochronological data from Thurston Island, West Antarctica, provide insights into the poorly constrained thermotectonic evolution of the paleo‐Pacific margin of Gondwana since the Late Paleozoic. Here we present the first apatite fission track and apatite (U‐Th‐Sm)/He data from Carboniferous to mid‐Cretaceous (meta‐) igneous rocks from the Thurston Island area. Thermal history modeling of apatite fission track dates of 145–92 Ma and apatite (U‐Th‐Sm)/He dates of 112–71 Ma, in combination with kinematic indicators, geological information, and thermobarometrical measurements, indicate a complex thermal history with at least six episodes of cooling and reheating. Thermal history models are interpreted to reflect Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic tectonic uplift of pre‐Jurassic arc sequences, prior to the formation of an extensional Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous back‐arc basin up to 4.5 km deep, which was deepened during intrusion and rapid exhumation of rocks of the Late Jurassic granite suite. Overall Early to mid‐Cretaceous exhumation and basin inversion coincided with an episode of intensive magmatism and crustal thickening and was followed by exhumation during formation of the Zealandia‐West Antarctica rift and continental breakup. Final exhumation since the Oligocene was likely triggered by activity of the West Antarctic rift system and by glacial erosion.
Genome-wide DNA methylation comparison between live human brain and peripheral tissues within individuals
Authors: Braun Patricia R. , Han Shizhong , Hing Benjamin , Nagahama Yasunori , Gaul Lindsey N. , Heinzman Jonathan T. , Grossbach Andrew J. , Close Liesl , Dlouhy Brian J. , Howard Matthew A. , Kawasaki Hiroto , Potash James B. , Shinozaki Gen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDifferential DNA methylation in the brain is associated with many psychiatric diseases, but access to brain tissues is essentially limited to postmortem samples. The use of surrogate tissues has become common in identifying methylation changes associated with psychiatric disease. In this study, we determined the extent to which peripheral tissues can be used as surrogates for DNA methylation in the brain. Blood, saliva, buccal, and live brain tissue samples from 27 patients with medically intractable epilepsy undergoing brain resection were collected (age range 5–61 years). Genome-wide methylation was assessed with the Infinium HumanMethylation450 (n = 12) and HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip arrays (n = 21). For the EPIC methylation data averaged for each CpG across subjects, the saliva–brain correlation (r = 0.90) was higher than that for blood–brain (r = 0.86) and buccal–brain (r = 0.85) comparisons. However, within individual CpGs, blood had the highest proportion of CpGs correlated to brain at nominally significant levels (20.8%), as compared to buccal tissue (17.4%) and saliva (15.1%). For each CpG and each gene, levels of brain-peripheral tissue correlation varied widely. This indicates that to determine the most useful surrogate tissue for representing brain DNA methylation, the patterns specific to the genomic region of interest must be considered. To assist in that objective, we have developed a website, IMAGE-CpG, that allows researchers to interrogate DNA methylation levels and degree of cross-tissue correlation in user-defined locations across the genome.