bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power efficient low latency architecture for decoder: Breaking the ACS bottleneck
Authors: Radha Subramanyam , Shylu David Sundararaj , Nagabushanam Perattur 
Published: July 2019

SummaryViterbi decoder (VD) is the majority used decoder for convolutional codes which play a role in WLAN and WSN applications. The trellis in VD needs proper analysis to calculate the metric at each stage to obtain a shortest path from every state to the next state. Existing techniques in VD design are namely (a) pipelined architecture, (b) modular ACS and buffers technique, and (c) quasi cyclic trellis technique. The key challenge of the VD trellis circuit is to attain high throughput and better latency performance with low power consumption without affecting hardware complexity of VD. This paper presents several of conventional methods used in VD. We also proposed a new method for VD with K the constraint length as multiple of M, the radix in trellis to calculate the shortest survival path to travel in trellis. The proposed VD is simulated using Xilinx. Use of a trace back approach in the proposed Viterbi decoder with capacitive and resistive feedback yields better throughput, latency, and power consumption with respect to other techniques. The static power outputs obtained in RE, shift update, and selective update methods using Libero IDE are also compared.
Flow Cytometric Detection of Circulating Osteosarcoma Cells in Dogs
Authors: Wright Tanya , Brisson Brigitte A. , Wood Geoffrey A. , Oblak Michelle , Mutsaers Anthony J. , Sabine Victoria , Skowronski Karolina , Belanger Catherine , Tiessen Angela , Bienzle Dorothee 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OSA) is a malignant tumor of middle‐aged dogs and adolescent humans. The clinical outcome of OSA has not improved over more than three decades, and dogs typically succumb to metastatic disease within 6 months despite tumor resection through limb amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, undetectable tumor cells with potential to form metastases are present at diagnosis. An assay to identify canine immortalized and primary OSA cells through flow cytometric detection of intracellular collagen 1 (Col I) and osteocalcin was optimized, and applied to blood samples from tumor‐bearing dogs for detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Spiking variable number of OSA cells into normal dog blood recovered 50–60% of Col I positive cells with high forward and variable side light scatter. An algorithm to exclude nonviable, doublet, and autofluorescent cells was applied to sequential blood samples from three dogs obtained prior to and after limb amputation, and at approximately, triweekly intervals over 121, 142, and 183 days of chemotherapy, respectively. Dogs had >100 CTC/106leukocytes prior to amputation, variably frequent CTC during chemotherapy, and an increase up to 4,000 CTC/106leukocytes within 4 weeks before overt metastases or death. Sorted CTCs were morphologically similar to direct tumor aspirates and positive for Col I. Although preliminary, findings suggest that CTCs are frequent in canine OSA, more numerous than carcinoma CTC in humans, and that an increase in CTC frequency may herald clinical deterioration. This assay may enable enumeration and isolation of OSA CTC for prognostic and functional studies, respectively. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Targeted Lipidomics Investigation of N‐acylethanolamines in a Transgenic Mouse Model of AD: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Piscitelli Fabiana , Coccurello Roberto , Totaro Antonio , Leuti Alessandro , Giacovazzo Giacomo , Verde Roberta , Rossi Emanuela , Podaliri Vulpiani Michele , Ferri Nicola , Giacominelli Stuffler Roberto , Di Marzo Vincenzo , Oddi Sergio , Bisogno Tiziana , Maccarrone Mauro 
Published: July 2019

In the present work, mice overexpressing mutant amyloid precursor protein (Tg2576), a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), are used to investigate a specific lipid profile over the course of disease progression. Using a targeted lipidomic approach, plasma levels of N‐acylethanolamines with different length and unsaturation at presymptomatic, mild‐symptomatic, and symptomatic disease stages are measured. Moreover, N‐acylethanolamines are also assessed in the brain areas most affected in AD. The ethanolamides of palmitic, oleic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids do not show any significant alteration in blood of Tg2576 mice at the different stages analyzed, as compared to wild‐type. Except for N‐docosahexaenoylethanolamine, a general tendency to decrease is instead detected for all measured N‐acylethanolamines in the cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum of symptomatic Tg2576 mice. Together, the data can help to redefine the range of lipid‐associated signals in Alzheimer pathophysiology.Practical Application: The development of novel therapies for AD is strongly narrowed not only by the lack of a full comprehension of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms but also by the absence of affordable, reliable, and noninvasive biomarkers. Hence, there is the practical necessity to acquire accessible blood biomarkers to provide rapid, cost‐effective, and critical information to timely identify disease stage and implement preventive strategies aimed at slowing down cognitive decline. In this study, a targeted lipidomics investigation of N‐acylethanolamines at different stages of disease progression, clearly indicates that the discovery of innovative blood biomarkers should be refocused on different indices of deranged lipid metabolism for a realistic prediction of the risk of AD.It is investigated that potential alterations of N‐acylethanolamines content during disease development in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Circulating and central N‐acylethanolamine levels did not show any alteration in Tg2576 mice at different disease stages.
The Dietary Addition of Fish Oil or Sunflower Oil Plus Starch Differently Modulates the Lipid Classes in Plasma of Lactating Cows and Goats
Authors: Delavaud Carole , Fougère Hélène , Chilliard Yves , Bernard Laurence 
Published: July 2019

Plasma lipid content and composition are studied in dairy cows and goats fed similar diets inducing milk fat depression (MFD) only in cows. Twelve cows and 15 goats are fed a diet without additional lipids (control), or supplemented with fish oil (FO), or supplemented with sunflower oil plus starch (SOS) in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. A high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HP‐TLC) methodology is used to separate and quantify the following plasma lipid classes: cholesterol esters (CE), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), cholesterol (Chol), and phospholipids (PL). The plasma lipid composition reveales that TG concentration is 193% higher in the goats compared to the cows. For cows and goats, FO increases CE (+31%) and Chol levels (+33.7%) compared to the control. The TG concentration is differentially regulated by FO between cows (−23.5%) and goats (no change). In the goats, SOS increases CE (+25.7%), Chol (+46.7%), and FFA levels (+71.7%) compared to the control. These results suggest the existence of different mechanisms of lipid digestion, absorption, and transport between cows and goats and contribute to better understand the differences in the regulation of milk fat secretion responses to lipid supplementation between cows and goats.Practical Applications: A robust HP‐TLC methodology for plasma lipid separation and analysis in automated and reproducible conditions is developed which constitutes an original part of the present study. It has been shown that intake of plant‐derived lipids associated with starch‐rich diets decreases the milk fat content in cows but not in goats. Therefore, the direct species comparison model used in the present study constitutes an interesting tool to compare the responses of plasma lipid concentrations and FA composition in cows and goats fed fish oil or sunflower oil and starch supplemented diets. The direct comparison between cows and goats in plasma lipid class composition is reported for the first time in the present study, with in addition new information about the contribution of intermediary metabolism to differences between the two species in the regulation of milk fat secretion in response to lipid supplementation.Direct comparisons of plasma lipid classes between dairy cows and goats fed similar diets is studied using high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HP‐TLC) methodology and demonstrates significantly higher concentration of triglycerides (TG) in plasma of goats compared to cows, whereas the total analyzed lipid content is higher in cows than in goats. In addition, for both species, diets supplemented with fish oil or sunflower oil plus starch modulates the composition in plasma lipid classes.
Effect of the vertical stress on CO2 flow behavior and permeability variation in coalbed methane reservoirs
Authors: Ding Ziwei , Jia Jindui , Feng Ruimin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGiven that in situ stress evolution is of great importance in characterizing coalbed methane reservoirs during gas production, CO2 sequestration, and reservoir fracturing, a series of laboratory measurements were conducted to investigate the role of the vertical stress on gas flow behavior and permeability evolution of San Juan Basin coal. Due to the difficulty in maintaining a steady‐state flow when testing coals with tight structure, the pressure transient technique was employed and experiments were conducted under different boundary conditions: uniaxial strain condition and lateral stress‐controlled condition. The results indicated that the vertical stress has a negative role in permeability enhancement. To verify this finding, one more set of experiments under the vertical stress‐controlled condition was carried out. In addition, the application of CO2 injection on reservoir fracturing was theoretically analyzed. The results indicated that both CO2 injection and the vertical stress can exert positive effects on reservoir fracturing. This study contributes to the understanding of the effect of the vertical stress on permeability variation during CO2 injection, which has practical significance for permeability modeling and reservoir fracturing operation in the field.
Maximizing energy efficiency in SC‐FDMA uplink with QoS guarantees and user satisfaction
Authors: Braga Jr Iran M. , Lima F. Rafael M. , Maciel Tarcisio F. , Cavalcanti F. Rodrigo P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDespite the advent of fifth‐generation mobile networks in the next years, the Long‐Term Evolution system still have an important role in the mobile communication scenario. Moreover, the development of solutions that fulfill the demand of new multimedia applications as well as provide an efficient use of the energy resources is one of the drivers of future networks. Therefore, in this article, we deal with the total energy efficiency maximization problem subject to minimum satisfaction constraints per service and quality of service in the uplink of Long‐Term Evolution using single‐carrier frequency‐division multiple access. Although the formulated problem is a nonlinear combinatorial optimization problem, we obtain the optimal solution through algebraic manipulations and by using an iterative method. Motivated by the high computational complexity to obtain the optimal solution, we propose a heuristic solution with lower computational complexity. Realistic system‐level simulations indicate that the proposed solution presents good performance regarding both outage rate and energy efficiency.
Optimized ultrasonic‐assisted extraction of papaya seed oil from Hainan/Eksotika variety
Authors: Zhang Weimin , Pan Yong‐Gui , Huang Wuyang , Chen Haiming , Yang Hong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHainan/Eksotika papaya is a popular cultivated plant in Hainan Island, China. Papaya seed oil (PSO) contains functional compounds with good antioxidant activity, especially monounsaturated fatty acids. In this work, the ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) of PSO was optimized using response surface methodology. It was found that the optimal extraction performance was realized when the elevated time was set to 20 min, the ultrasound power was set to 250 W, and the n‐hexane‐to‐sample ratio was set to 16:1 (v/w). The highest yield of PSO (32.27%) was obtained under the optimal conditions, and PSO showed good oxidative stability. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the melting point of Hainan/Eksotika PSO was low, while its crystallization temperature was high. FTIR and NMR were used to analyze the chemical structure of PSO, which also proved that PSO possessed good stability without oxidative degradation. In addition, scanning electron micrograph was employed to investigate the change in seed microscopic structure. The results showed UAE caused serious structural damage of sample cell membranes and walls, which help oil access to the solvent with a high extraction ratio. The results indicated that UAE is an efficient environmental‐friendly, and promising technique could be applied to produce PSO or other edible oil with a better health‐beneficial value in food industry.
A multiparametric analysis of white matter maturation during late childhood and adolescence
Authors: Geeraert Bryce L. , Lebel Robert Marc , Lebel Catherine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhite matter development has been well described using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), but the microstructural processes driving development remain unclear due to methodological limitations. Here, using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT), and multicomponent driven equilibrium single‐pulse observation of T1/T2 (mcDESPOT), we describe white matter development at the microstructural level in a longitudinal cohort of healthy 6–15 year olds. We evaluated age and gender‐related trends in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), neurite density index (NDI), orientation dispersion index (ODI), quantitative ihMT (qihMT), myelin volume fraction (VFm), andg‐ratio. We found age‐related increases of VFmin most regions, showing ongoing myelination in vivo during late childhood and adolescence for the first time. No relationship was observed between qihMT and age, suggesting myelin volume increases are driven by increased water content. Age‐related increases were observed for NDI, suggesting axonal packing is also occurring during this time.g‐ratio decreased with age in the uncinate fasciculus, implying changes in communication efficiency are ongoing in this region. FA increased and MD decreased with age in most regions. Gender effects were present in the left cingulum for FA, and an age‐by‐gender interaction was found for MD in the left uncinate fasciculus. These findings suggest that FA and MD remain useful markers of gender‐related processes, and gender differences are likely driven by factors other than myelin. We conclude that white matter development during late childhood and adolescence is driven by a combination of axonal packing and myelin volume increases.
Bacterial wobble modifications of NNA‐decoding tRNAs
Authors: Nilsson Emil M. , Alexander Rebecca W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNucleotides of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are highly modified, particularly at the anticodon. Bacterial tRNAs that read A‐ending codons are especially notable. The U34 nucleotide canonically present in these tRNAs is modified by a wide range of complex chemical constituents. An additional two A‐ending codons are not read by U34‐containing tRNAs but are accommodated by either inosine or lysidine at the wobble position (I34 or L34). The structural basis for many N34 modifications in both tRNA aminoacylation and ribosome decoding has been elucidated, and evolutionary conservation of modifying enzymes is also becoming clearer. Here we present a brief review of the structure, function, and conservation of wobble modifications in tRNAs that translate A‐ending codons. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 2019 © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(8):1158–1166, 2019
Single‐dose etoposide is an effective and safe protocol for stem cell mobilization in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Park Yong , Kim Dae Sik , Jeon Min Ji , Lee Byung‐Hyun , Yu Eun Sang , Kang Ka‐Won , Lee Se Ryeon , Sung Hwa Jung , Nam Myung‐Hyun , Yoon Soo‐Young , Choi Chul Won , Kang Eun‐Suk , Cho Duck , Kim Kihyun , Kim Byung Soo , Kim Dae‐Won , Kim Seok Jin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundSingle‐dose etoposide was used an outpatient‐based protocol for mobilization in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Thus, we retrospectively analyzed the efficacy and safety of our one‐day protocol in comparison with that of previous methods.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 168 patients with MM who underwent peripheral blood stem cell collection for upfront ASCT between 2008 and 2018. The mobilization protocols included G‐CSF alone (G‐mobilization), one‐day 375 mg/m2 of etoposide (E375), two‐days of 375 mg/m2 of etoposide (E750), or one‐day high‐dose (3.5 g/m2) cyclophosphamide (HD CY). For comparison of efficacy of each protocol, collected CD34+ cells over 4 × 106/kg and under 2 × 106/kg were defined as “adequate harvest” and “harvest failure,” respectively.ResultsThe median number of collected CD34+ cells was 5.58 × 106/kg in patients receiving single‐dose etoposide, and the percentage of uncomplicated optimal harvest of E375 (65.6%, 21/32) was significantly higher than that of E750 (41.9%, 13/31) and HD CY (31.3%, 15/48). The E375 showed the highest rate of adequate harvest (96.9%, 31/32) compared to that of E750 (87.1%), HD CY (75.0%), and G‐mobilization (59.6%). Most E375 patients achieved adequate harvest without complication (29/32, 90.6%), the CD34+ cell collection yield on apheresis days one and two of E375 was not significantly different from that of E750, and no harvest failures occurred for E375. Neutrophil and platelet engraftments were significantly faster in E375 than other groups (P < .001).ConclusionsThe use of single‐dose etoposide could be an effective and safe method for mobilization in patients with MM.
In vivo tibiofemoral cartilage strain mapping under static mechanical loading using continuous GRASP‐MRI
Authors: Menon Rajiv G. , Zibetti Marcelo V.W. , Regatte Ravinder R. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundQuantification of dynamic biomechanical strain in articular cartilage in vivo; in situ using noninvasive MRI techniques is desirable and may potentially be used to assess joint pathology.PurposeTo demonstrate the use of static mechanical loading and continuous 3D‐MRI acquisition of the human knee joint in vivo to measure the strain in the tibiofemoral articular cartilage.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsFive healthy human volunteers (four women, one man; age 25.6 ± 1.7) underwent MRI at rest, under static mechanical loading condition, and during recovery.Field Strength/SequenceA field strength of 3T was used. The sequence used was 3D‐continuous golden angle radial sparse parallel (GRASP) MRI and compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction.AssessmentTibiofemoral cartilage deformation maps under loading and during recovery were calculated using an optical flow algorithm. The corresponding Lagrangian strain was calculated in the articular cartilage.Statistical TestsRange of displacement and strain in each subject, and the resulting mean and standard deviation, were calculated.ResultsDuring the loading condition, the cartilage displacement in the direction of loading ranged from a minimum of –673.6 ± 121.9 μm to a maximum of 726.5 ± 169.5 μm. Corresponding strain ranged from a minimum of –7.0 ± 4.2% to a maximum of 5.4 ± 1.6%. During the recovery condition, the cartilage displacement in the same direction reduced to a minimum of –613.0 ± 129.5 μm and a maximum of 555.7 ± 311.4 μm. The corresponding strain range reduced to a minimum of –1.6 ± 7.5% to a maximum of 4.2 ± 2.6%.Data ConclusionThis study shows the feasibility of using static mechanical loading with continuous GRASP‐MRI acquisition to measure the strain in the articular cartilage. By measuring strain during the loading and recovery phases, dynamic strain information in the articular cartilage might be able to be investigated.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:426–434.
Phenotype onset in Huntington’s disease knock‐in mice is correlated with the incomplete splicing of the mutant huntingtin gene
Authors: Franich Nicholas R. , Hickey Miriam A. , Zhu Chunni , Osborne Georgina F. , Ali Nadira , Chu Tiffany , Bove Nicholas H. , Lemesre Vincent , Lerner Renata P. , Zeitlin Scott O. , Howland David , Neueder Andreas , Landles Christian , Bates Gillian P. , Chesselet Marie‐Francoise 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat within the huntingtin (HTT) gene. The Q140 and HdhQ150 knock‐in HD mouse models were generated such that HdhQ150 mice have an expanded CAG repeat inserted into the mouse Htt gene, whereas in the Q140s, mouse exon 1 Htt was replaced with a mutated version of human exon 1. By standardizing mouse strain background, breeding to homozygosity and employing sensitive behavioral tests, we demonstrate that the onset of behavioral phenotypes occurs earlier in the Q140 than the HdhQ150 knock‐in mouse models and that huntingtin (HTT) aggregation appears earlier in the striata of Q140 mice. We have previously found that the incomplete splicing of mutant HTT from exon 1 to exon 2 results in the production of a small polyadenylated transcript that encodes the highly pathogenic mutant HTT exon 1 protein. In this report, we have identified a functional consequence of the sequence differences between these two models at the RNA level, in that the level of incomplete splicing, and of the mutant exon 1 HTT protein, are greater in the brains of Q140 mice. While differences in the human and mouse exon 1 HTT proteins (e.g., proline rich sequences) could also contribute to the phenotypic differences, our data indicate that the incomplete splicing of HTT and approaches to lower the levels of the exon 1 HTT transcript should be pursued as therapeutic targets.
Effect of Changes in Intravascular Volume on Inferior Vena Cava and Aorta Diameters and the Caval/Aorta Index in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Bilgin Serkan , Topal Fatih Esad , Yamanoğlu Adnan , Payza Umut , Karakaya Zeynep , Akyol Pınar Yesim , Tahtaci Rezan , Topal Firdes 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesAlthough inferior vena cava diameter (IVCD) measurement can be useful as a noninvasive method for monitoring the volume status, the benefit of abdominal aorta diameter (AAD) measurement is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of the combined use of the IVCD and AAD in blood loss monitoring.MethodsThis prospective observational study was conducted at the blood donor center of a training and research hospital. Standard blood donation criteria were followed during volunteer enrollment. Vital signs and ultrasound IVCD and AAD measurements were obtained before and after blood donation and after fluid resuscitation with 500 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride. Measurements before and after blood donation and after fluid resuscitation were compared by the paired t and Wilcoxon matched‐pair tests.ResultsThirty‐nine volunteers were included in the study. With 500 mL of blood loss, percent changes in the shock index (SI; mean ± SD, 7% ± 6%), IVCD (6% ± 2%), and caval/aorta index (IVCD/AAD; 6.1% ± 3%) were similar and were higher (P < .001 for all parameters) than the changes in the pulse rate (3% ± 4%), AAD (0.5% ± 1.5%), systolic blood pressure (3% ± 4%), and diastolic blood pressure (2% ± 7%). Although IVCD and SI values changed significantly (P < .001 for both) after 500 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride resuscitation, no significant change was observed in the IVCD/AAD (P = .059).ConclusionsThe IVCD/AAD, SI, and IVCD may have similar success rates in diagnosing early blood loss. Additionally, the SI and IVCD may be superior to the IVCD/AAD in bleeding patients requiring simultaneous fluid resuscitation.