bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation and heat source effects on MHD flow over a permeable stretching sheet through porous stratum with chemical reaction
Authors: Suneetha K. , Ibrahim S.M. , Reddy G.V. Ramana 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the steady 2D buoyancy effects on MHD flow over a permeable stretching sheet through porous medium in the presence of suction/injection.

Design/methodology/approach
Similarity transformations are employed to transform the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. The transformed equations are then solved numerically by a shooting technique.

Findings
The working fluid is examined for several sundry parameters graphically and in tabular form. It is observed that with an increase in magnetic field and permeability of porous parameter, velocity profile decreases while temperature and concentration enhances. Stretching sheet parameter reduces velocity, temperature and concentration, whereas it increases skin friction factor, Nusselt number and Sherwood number.

Originality/value
Till now no numerical studies are reported on the effects of heat source and thermal radiation on MHD flow over a permeable stretching sheet embedded in porous medium in the presence of chemical reaction.
Green corrosion protection for mild steel in acidic media: saponins and crude extracts ofGongronema latifolium
Authors: Ikeuba Alexander I. , Okafor Peter C. 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to appraise the inhibitory effect of saponins extracted fromGongronema latifolium(SEGL) on mild steel in acid media. This is in a bid to conserve our environment and maintain the integrity of engineering structures and materials.Design/methodology/approachThe corrosion inhibition of SEGL and ethanolic extracts of the leaves ofG. latifolium(EEGL) on mild steel was studied by hydrogen evolution technique within a temperature range of 30-60°C in tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid solutions.FindingsThe extracts inhibit the corrosion of mild steel, and the inhibition efficiency depends on the concentration of the plant extract, temperature and the period of immersion. SEGL was comparatively more efficient than EEGL. Optimum values of the inhibition efficiency for both the EEGL and SEGL (93.7 and 96.5 per cent, respectively) were obtained at extract concentration of 10 g/L, whereas the least values were obtained at extract concentration of 0.5 g/L.Originality/valueThis paper provides new information on the possible application of isolated SEGL as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor. The possible mechanism of the inhibitive action is also given.
Transcriptomic and proteomic responses of the oceanic diatomPseudo‐nitzschia graniito iron limitation
Authors: Cohen Natalie R , Gong Weida , Moran Dawn M. , McIlvin Matthew R. , Saito Mak A. , Marchetti Adrian 
Published: August 2018

SummaryDiatoms are a highly successful group of photosynthetic protists that often thrive under adverse environmental conditions. Members of the genusPseudo‐nitzschiaare ecologically important diatoms which are able to subsist during periods of chronic iron limitation and form dense blooms following iron fertilization events. The cellular strategies within diatoms that orchestrate these physiological responses to variable iron concentrations remain largely uncharacterized. Using a combined transcriptomic and proteomic approach, we explore the exceptional ability of a diatom isolated from the iron‐limited Northeast Pacific Ocean to reorganize its intracellular processes as a function of iron. We compared the molecular responses ofPseudo‐nitzschia graniiobserved under iron‐replete and iron‐limited growth conditions to those of other model diatoms. Iron‐coordinated molecular responses demonstrated some agreement between gene expression and protein abundance, including iron‐starvation‐induced‐proteins, a putative iron transport system and components of photosynthesis and the Calvin cycle.Pseudo‐nitzschiagraniidistinctly differentially expresses genes encoding proteins involved in iron‐independent photosynthetic electron transport, urea acquisition and vitamin synthesis. We show thatP. graniiis unique among studied diatoms in its physiology stemming from distinct cellular responses, which may underlie its ability to subsist in low iron regions and rapidly bloom to outcompete other diatom taxa following iron enrichment.
Comparison of two prehospital predictive models for mortality and impaired consciousness after severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Pannatier Michel , Delhumeau Cécile , Walder Bernhard 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundThe primary aim was to investigate the performance of a National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics based predictive model (NACA‐BM) for mortality at 14 days and a reference model using motor GCS (GCS‐RM). The secondary aim was to compare the models for impaired consciousness of survivors at 14 days (IC‐14; GCS ≤ 13).MethodsPatients ≥16 years having sustained TBI with an abbreviated injury scale score of head region (HAIS) of >3 were included. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to test models for death and IC‐14. The discrimination was assessed using area under the receiver‐operating curves (AUROCs); noninferiority margin was −5% between the AUROCs. Calibration was assessed using the Hosmer Lemeshow goodness‐of‐fit test.ResultsSix hundred and seventy seven patients were included. The median age was 54 (IQR 32‐71). The mortality rate was 31.6%; 99 of 438 surviving patients (22.6%) had an IC‐14. Discrimination of mortality was 0.835 (95%CI 0.803‐0.867) for the NACA‐BM and 0.839 (0.807‐0.872) for the GCS‐RM; the difference of the discriminative ability was −0.4% (−2.3% to +1.7%). Calibration was appropriate for the NACA‐BM (χ2 8.42; P = 0. 393) and for the GCS‐RM (χ2 3.90; P = 0. 866). Discrimination of IC‐14 was 0.757 (0.706‐0.808) for the NACA‐BM and 0.784 (0.734‐0.835) for the GCS‐RM; the difference of the discriminative ability was −2.5% (−7.8% to +2.6%). Calibration was appropriate for the NACA‐BM (χ2 10.61; P = 0.225) and for the GCS‐RM (χ2 6.26; P = 0.618).ConclusionsPrehospital prediction of mortality after TBI was good with both models, and the NACA‐BM was not inferior to the GCS‐RM. Prediction of IC‐14 was moderate in both models.
Off‐hour admission and impact on neurological outcome in endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Löwhagen Hendén Pia , Rentzos Alexandros , Karlsson Jan‐Erik , Rosengren Lars , Oras Jonatan , Ricksten Sven‐Erik 
Published: August 2018

Background and PurposeIn the new era of endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke, one of the main predictors of good neurological outcome is a short time interval from stroke onset to recanalization of the occluded vessel. In this study, we examined the effect of on‐hour vs off‐hour admittance on the time intervals from stroke onset to recanalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) undergoing endovascular treatment (EVT).MethodsOne‐hundred‐ninety‐eight patients receiving EVT for anterior AIS between 2007 and 2016 were included. Time of day and weekday for stroke admittance were recorded as well as several time intervals. Age, sex, co‐morbidities, admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), intraprocedural blood pressure, blood glucose, modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia score (mTICI) and neurological outcome at 3 months, measured as modified Rankin Scale (mRS), were registered. On‐hour was defined as 8 am‐4 pm weekdays, and off‐hour as weekdays outside these hours and weekends.ResultsThe time interval from CT (computed tomography) to recanalization was longer during off‐hours, while no difference was seen in the time interval from stroke onset to CT. No statistically significant difference was seen in neurological outcome between the on‐ and off‐hour groups in a univariate analysis.ConclusionsStroke admittance during off‐hours is associated with longer time interval from CT examination to vessel recanalization. The study highlights the need of logistic improvement and probably more resources off‐hour in order to deliver an effective stroke care around the clock.
Lower Prefrontal and Hippocampal Volume and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Differences Reflect Structural and Functional Abnormalities in Abstinent Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Pandey Ashwini Kumar , Ardekani Babak Assai , Kamarajan Chella , Zhang Jian , Chorlian David Balin , Byrne Kelly Nicole‐Helen , Pandey Gayathri , Meyers Jacquelyn Leigh , Kinreich Sivan , Stimus Arthur , Porjesz Bernice 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is known to have adverse effects on brain structure and function. Multimodal assessments investigating volumetric, diffusion, and cognitive characteristics may facilitate understanding of the consequences of long‐term alcohol use on brain circuitry, their structural impairment patterns, and their impact on cognitive function in AUD.MethodsVoxel‐ and surface‐based volumetric estimations, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and neuropsychological tests were performed on 60 individuals: 30 abstinent individuals with AUD (DSM‐IV) and 30 healthy controls. Group differences in the volumes of cortical and subcortical regions, fractional anisotropy (FA), axial and radial diffusivities (AD and RD, respectively), and performance on neuropsychological tests were analyzed, and the relationship among significantly different measures was assessed using canonical correlation.ResultsAUD participants had significantly smaller volumes in left pars orbitalis, right medial orbitofrontal, right caudal middle frontal, and bilateral hippocampal regions, lower FA in 9 white matter (WM) regions, and higher FA in left thalamus, compared to controls. In AUD, lower FA in 6 of 9 WM regions was due to higher RD and due to lower AD in the left external capsule. AUD participants scored lower on problem‐solving ability, visuospatial memory span, and working memory. Positive correlations of prefrontal cortical, left hippocampal volumes, and FA in 4 WM regions with visuospatial memory performance and negative correlation with lower problem‐solving ability were observed. Significant positive correlation between age and FA was observed in bilateral putamen.ConclusionsFindings showed specific structural brain abnormalities to be associated with visuospatial memory and problem‐solving ability‐related impairments observed in AUD. Higher RD in 6 WM regions suggests demyelination, and lower AD in left external capsule suggests axonal loss in AUD. The positive correlation between FA and age in bilateral putamen may reflect accumulation of iron depositions with increasing age.
Parent–child communication and timing of interventions are challenges in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy care
Authors: Sætrang T , Bjørk I T , Capjon H , Rasmussen M 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X‐linked myopathy affecting one in 3600–6000 live male births. The aim of this study was to gain further insight into how parents experience caring for boys with DMD.MethodsUsing a qualitative design, parents in 12 families with boys with DMD, whereof two pairs of siblings, were interviewed in 2014 and 2015. Participants were parents of boys followed at Oslo University Hospital or other hospitals in the south‐eastern health region of Norway. Mean age of the boys was 13 years, range 7–17.ResultsParents expressed the importance of obtaining good information about the diagnosis, supplied with sensitivity for them as clients, and the parents must be involved in timing of interventions. Meeting with others in the same situation was highly appreciated. Many of the parents expressed their own need for support to cope with the difficult situation. Continuity of support in the boys’ transition to adulthood was pointed out as important, as well as the need for professional help to talk to the boys about their diagnosis.ConclusionOur study suggests that professional teams should expand the parental perspective and emphasise a holistic approach in their work with patients with DMD.
Election Outcome and Tax Compliance: The Role of Political Party Affiliation, Affect Balance, and Trust in Government
Authors: Hunt Nicholas C. , Iyer Govind S. , Jimenez Peggy 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe present study examines partisan reactions to presidential election outcomes. Our model investigates the interactive role of political party affiliation on the relationship between identification with the winning party and affect balance. We subsequently examine how tax compliance intentions are influenced by this moderation relationship through affect balance and trust in government. We conducted a quasi‐experiment one week prior to the first mass 2016 presidential primary, where 12 of the 50 US states voted to decide which candidates would represent the Republican and Democratic parties in the 2016 US presidential election. Our sample consisted of 205 Republicans and Democrats. We manipulated press releases showing various presidential candidates winning the presidency to examine how matches / mismatches between partisans’ political party affiliation and the party winning the election influence citizens’ overall feelings, beliefs, and intentions. We find election outcomes generate significant overall positive or negative feelings (i.e., affect balance) among partisans, which influences beliefs about trust in government, and subsequently their tax compliance intentions. Political party moderates the relationship between election outcomes and affect balance in such a way that Democrats experience greater overall positive affect balance when their party wins the election compared to Republicans.
Minimal residual disease status predicts outcome of acute myeloid leukaemia patients undergoing T‐cell replete haploidentical transplantation. An analysis from the Acute Leukaemia Working Party (ALWP) of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT)
Authors: Canaani Jonathan , Labopin Myriam , Huang Xiao J. , Ciceri Fabio , Van Lint Maria T. , Bruno Benedetto , Santarone Stella , Diez‐Martin José L. , Blaise Didier , Chiusolo Patrizia , Wu Depei , Mohty Mohamad , Nagler Arnon 
Published: August 2018

SummaryAssessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) is being routinely used to assess response in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). While it is well established that pre‐transplant positive MRD studies predict for relapse in patients transplanted either from matched sibling donors or matched unrelated donors, it is currently unknown whether MRD has comparable prognostic value in haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo‐SCT). To this end we performed a retrospective analysis using the Acute Leukaemia Working Party/European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation multicentre registry. All adult AML patients with known MRD status at transplant who underwent a first T‐cell replete haplo‐SCT while in remission between 2006 and 2016 were included. Two hundred and sixty‐five MRD‐negative and 128 MRD‐positive patients were assessed. In multivariate analysis, MRD‐negative patients experienced lower relapse incidence and better leukaemia‐free survival (LFS) compared to MRD‐positive patients. Subset analysis for MRD‐positive patients revealed that patients with donors positive for cytomegalovirus experienced decreased relapse rates as well as increased survival. A 6‐month landmark analysis suggests that the clinical benefit of pre‐transplant MRD negativity in terms of relapse, overall survival and LFS is realized at this time point. Pre‐transplant MRD status is potentially a pivotal prognosticator of outcome in AML patients undergoing T‐cell replete haplo‐SCT.
Autoimmune cytopenias in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia treated with ibrutinib in routine clinical practice at an academic medical centre
Authors: Hampel Paul J. , Larson Melissa C. , Kabat Brian , Call Timothy G. , Ding Wei , Kenderian Saad S. , Bowen Deborah , Boysen Justin , Schwager Susan M. , Leis Jose F. , Chanan‐Khan Asher A. , Muchtar Eli , Hanson Curtis A. , Slager Susan L. , Kay Neil E. , Chaffee Kari G. , Shanafelt Tait D. , Parikh Sameer A. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe effects of ibrutinib on the natural history of autoimmune cytopenias (AIC) among chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients treated in routine clinical practice require further investigation. Using the Mayo Clinical CLL Database, 193 CLL patients treated with ibrutinib between November 2013 and January 2017 outside the context of a clinical trial were identified; complete review of their medical records was performed for details of past history of AIC and treatment‐emergent AIC. We identified 29/193 (15%) patients with history of AIC prior to ibrutinib start. Of 12 patients requiring AIC therapy at ibrutinib start, 8 (67%) were able to discontinue or de‐escalate AIC treatment, and no patient had worsening of their AIC after initiating ibrutinib. Eleven (6%) patients developed treatment‐emergent AIC after a median of 59 (range, 6–319) days following the initiation of ibrutinib, 7 of whom (64%) were able to continue ibrutinib. Overall and event‐free survival from time of ibrutinib start were not significantly different between patients with history of AIC and those with no history of AIC. Treatment‐emergent AIC were seen exclusively in patients with unmutated IGHV and were associated with a shorter EFS. These results suggest a low rate of treatment‐emergent AIC and improvement in patients with existing AIC.
Cocaine withdrawal reduces GABABR transmission at entopeduncular nucleus – lateral habenula synapses
Authors: Tan Dorine , Nuno‐Perez Alvaro , Mameli Manuel , Meye Frank J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLateral habenula (LHb) hyperactivity plays a pivotal role in the emergence of negative emotional states, including those occurring during withdrawal from addictive drugs. We have previously implicated cocaine‐driven adaptations at synapses from the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) to the LHb in this process. Specifically, ionotropic GABAA receptor (R)‐mediated neurotransmission at EPN‐to‐LHb synapses is reduced during cocaine withdrawal, due to impaired vesicle filling. Recent studies have shown that metabotropic GABABR signaling also controls LHb activity, although its role at EPN‐to‐LHb synapses during drug withdrawal is unknown. Here, we predicted that cocaine treatment would reduce GABABR‐mediated neurotransmission at EPN‐to‐LHb synapses. We chronically treated mice with saline or cocaine, prepared brain slices after two days of withdrawal and performed voltage‐clamp recordings from LHb neurons whilst optogenetically stimulating EPN terminals. Compared with controls, mice in cocaine withdrawal exhibited reduced GABAAR‐mediated input to LHb neurons, and a reduced occurrence of GABABR‐signaling at EPN‐to‐LHb synapses. We then assessed the underlying mechanism of this decrease. Application of GABABR agonist baclofen evoked similar postsynaptic responses in EPN‐innervated LHb neurons in saline‐ and cocaine‐treated mice. Release probability at EPN‐to‐LHb GABAergic synapses was also comparable between groups. However, incubating brain slices in glutamine to facilitate GABA vesicle filling, normalized GABABR‐currents at EPN‐to‐LHb synapses in cocaine‐treated mice. Overall, we show that during cocaine withdrawal, together with reduced GABAAR transmission, also GABABR‐mediated inhibitory signaling is diminished at EPN‐to‐LHb synapses, likely via the same presynaptic deficit. In concert, these alterations are predicted to contribute to the emergence of drug withdrawal symptoms, facilitating drug relapse.
Neuronal correlates of motion‐defined shape perception in primate dorsal and ventral streams
Authors: Handa Takashi , Mikami Akichika 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHuman and non‐human primates can readily perceive the shape of objects using visual motion. Classically, shape, and motion are considered to be separately processed via ventral and dorsal cortical pathways, respectively. However, many lines of anatomical and physiological evidence have indicated that these two pathways are likely to be interconnected at some stage. For motion‐defined shape perception, these two pathways should interact with each other because the ventral pathway must utilize motion, which the dorsal pathway processes, to extract shape signal. However, it is unknown how interactions between cortical pathways are involved in neural mechanisms underlying motion‐defined shape perception. We review evidence from psychophysical, lesion, neuroimaging and physiological research on motion‐defined shape perception and then discuss the effects of behavioral demands on neural activity in ventral and dorsal cortical areas. Further, we discuss functions of two candidate sets of levels: early and higher‐order cortical areas. The extrastriate area V4 and middle temporal (MT) area, which are reciprocally connected, at the early level are plausible areas for extracting the shape and/or constituent parts of shape from motion cues because neural dynamics are different from those during luminance‐defined shape perception. On the other hand, among other higher‐order visual areas, the anterior superior temporal sulcus likely contributes to the processing of cue‐invariant shape recognition rather than cue‐dependent shape processing. We suggest that sharing information about motion and shape between the early visual areas in the dorsal and ventral pathways is dependent on visual cues and behavioral requirements, indicating the interplay between the pathways.
Sleep quality and its association with the insular cortex in emotional empathy
Authors: Guadagni Veronica , Burles Ford , Ferrara Michele , Iaria Giuseppe 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe human ability to vicariously share someone else's emotions (i.e., emotional empathy) relies on an extended neural network including regions in the anterior cingulate and insular cortex. Here, we tested the hypothesis that good sleep quality is associated with increased activation in the brain areas underlying emotional empathy. To this aim, we assessed subjective sleep quality in a large sample of healthy young volunteers, and asked participants to complete a computerized emotional empathy task. Then, we asked 16 participants to complete the same task while undergoing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). After confirming the behavioral relationship between quality of sleep and emotional empathy in the large sample, we conducted a Region of Interest (ROI) analysis on selected ROIs involved in emotional empathy, and measured Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) signal change in participants who performed the emotional empathy task in the MRI scanner; additionally, we assessed how the BOLD signal in different brain areas temporally correlated with performance throughout the task (i.e., task‐based functional connectivity). We found increased BOLD signal change in a selective region within the left insula for individuals with better subjective sleep quality. These findings provide the very first evidence that individuals’ sleep quality relates to emotional empathic responses through increased neural activation of a specific area within the insular cortex.