bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A TILLING Resource for Hard Red Winter Wheat Variety Jagger
Authors: Rawat Nidhi , Joshi Anupama , Pumphrey Michael , Singh Lovepreet , Mahlandt Alex , Chhabra Bhavit , Wilson Duane , Gill Bikram , Poland Jesse , Tiwari Vijay 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTGenetic improvement of crop plants is dependent on the availability of genetic variation, which can be present naturally or can be created using mutations. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis provides an attractive tool to create variant alleles of genes of interest in any plant. In the present paper, we report development of an EMS‐mutagenized population in a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Jagger. Jagger has been a leading variety across the United States and has been grown internationally as well, for over two decades now. It possesses many useful traits related to disease resistance, cold tolerance, and milling and baking qualities. Because it is a landmark variety, the genome of Jagger is being sequenced by an international collaborative team, which will speed up gene mapping and cloning efforts in it. The Jagger Targeting Induced Local Lesions In Genome (TILLING) resource developed in this work will be useful for functional validation of these genes. The mutagenized population was developed using EMS and was characterized phenotypically and genotypically. Gene‐wise mutation screening was performed for three genes located on different chromosomes across all the three genomes. The population has an overall mutation frequency of 1/40.7 kb, and we were able to find multiple knockout, missense, and missplicing mutations for each targeted gene. The population will be useful as a forward and reverse genetic screen for a number of valuable traits.
Effect of Different Straw Return Modes on Soil Bacterial Community, Enzyme Activities and Organic Carbon Fractions
Authors: Zhao Huili , Jiang Yuhan , Ning Peng , Liu Jifei , Zheng Wei , Tian Xiaohong , Shi Jianglan , Xu Miao , Liang Zhiying , Shar Abdul Ghaffar 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
Straw returned twice each year (WC‐MC and WH‐MC) significantly enhanced SOC and DOC.
Return of both wheat and maize chopped straw had highest β‐1,4‐xylosidase, invertase, and enhanced Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria.
Retention of high wheat stubble and return of chopped straw had highest β‐1,4‐glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, and enhanced Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes.
Amount and complexity of straw added led to differences in C, enzyme activity, and microbial composition.
High wheat stubble and crushed straw improved yields and bacterial richness, but had less C sequestration.
Little is known about the responses of organic carbon fractions, enzymes activity, and soil bacterial communities and diversity to different straw return modes in intensive maize‐wheat double‐cropping systems. An 8‐yr field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different straw return modes. Four treatments were compared: (i) return of both wheat and maize chopped straw (WC‐MC); (ii) retention of high wheat stubble and return of chopped maize straw (WH‐MC); (iii) retention of high wheat stubble and no return of maize straw (WH‐MN); and (iv) no return of straw of both wheat and maize (WN‐MN). Soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and particulate organic carbon content increased significantly in the WC‐MC and WH‐MC. Beta‐1‐4‐xylosidase and invertase were higher in the WC‐MC treatment than in WH‐MC, while the highest β‐1,4‐glucosidase activities were observed in WH‐MC. However, the activity of polyphenol oxidase was low in all three straw return treatments. Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria dominated in WC‐MC, while the Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes phyla dominated WH‐MC. The two high wheat stubble retention modes caused significant increases in bacterial richness. Redundancy analysis showed that C input amount and organic carbon content were the most influential factors determining bacterial community structure. The observed effects were due to straw amount and the complex composition of WH‐MC added during the wheat growing season compared to WC‐MC. In conclusion, the straw return mode that employs high wheat stubble retention and chopped maize straw return is sufficient to maintain organic carbon levels and improve the soil microenvironment
Application of Multivariate Analysis Techniques for Selecting Soil Physical Quality Indicators: A Case Study in Long‐Term Field Experiments in Apulia (Southern Italy)
Authors: Castellini Mirko , Stellacci Anna Maria , Barca Emanuele , Iovino Massimo 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
Soil physical quality (SPQ) on two long‐term experiments was evaluated.
Relationships among five SPQ indicators (BD, PMAC, AC, PAWC and RFC) were evaluated.
Two multivariate analysis techniques (PCA, SDA) were applied to select key indicators.
PCA and SDA generally identified RFC as a key soil physical indicator.
An optimal AC range was suggested to assess the air capacity of agricultural soils
Long‐term field experiments and multivariate analysis techniques represent research tools that may improve our knowledge on soil physical quality (SPQ) assessment. These techniques allow us to measure relatively stable soil conditions and to improve soil quality judgment, thereby reducing uncertainties. A monitoring of SPQ under long‐term experiments, aimed at comparing crop residue management strategies (burning vs. incorporation of straw, FE1) and soil management (minimum tillage vs. no tillage, FE2), was established during the crop growing season of durum wheat. The relationships between five SPQ indicators (bulk density [BD], macroporosity [PMAC], air capacity [AC], plant available water capacity [PAWC], and relative field capacity [RFC]) were evaluated, and two techniques of multivariate analysis (principal component analysis and stepwise discriminant analysis) were applied to select key indicators for SPQ assessment. According to the used indicators, an SPQ from optimal to intermediate (i.e., not definitely poor) was detected in 65% of the observations in FE1 and in 54% in FE2. The main results showed a significant negative relationship between RFC and AC, and multivariate analysis identified RFC as a key SPQ indicator, mainly in FE2. Plant available water capacity and BD showed the highest discriminating capability in the FE1 dataset. The highest scores of RFC assessment were highlighted for burning and minimum tillage treatments (+1 and +2). An optimal AC range, derived from optimal RFC limits, was obtained and was suggested to better assess the AC of agricultural soils (0.10 ≤ AC ≤ 0.26 cm3 cm–3).
Paddy Cultivation Significantly Alters Phosphorus Sorption Characteristics and Loss Risk in a Calcareous Paddy Soil Chronosequence
Authors: Fang Di , Zhao Zhenjie , Chang E. , Xu Roukou , Hong Zhineng , Zhou Lixiang , Jiang Jun 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
Phosphorus absorbents in calcareous paddy soils increased with rice cultivation age.
Calcium primarily determined P availability in calcareous paddy soils without P inputs.
Added P was preferentially retained by Fe or Al oxides.
The first few years were the main high‐risk periods for P loss.
To reveal the dynamics of phosphate behavior in a calcareous paddy soil chronosequence (after 0, 3, 8, 30, and 70 yr of rice [Oryza sativa L.] cropping), P adsorption–desorption isotherms, chemical fractions, and loss risks were investigated. The contents of P adsorbents (i.e., Fe and Al oxides and Ca salts) in the paddy soils increased with cultivation age, mainly through accelerated primary mineral destruction and weathering in an Alfisol, along with a small portion from irrigation waters. The Langmuir equation gave increasing P adsorption capacities (Qmad) of 520.67, 545.67, 662.78, 860.79, and 834.45 mg kg‐1 for 0, 3, 8, 30, and 70 yr. The Qmad was closely correlated with free Fe and Al oxides, amorphous Al oxides, and HCl‐replaceable Ca contents. The fraction of Ca–P was 52.04 to 63.64% without P inputs, indicating that Ca salts primarily determined P availability. The preferential forms of P retained by paddy soils were in the following order: Ca–P > Al–P > Fe–P > loosely sorbed P. The contents of Olsen‐P in 3‐ and 8‐yr paddy soils were 42.1 and 28.1 mg kg‐1, respectively, much higher than for the two older paddy soils and the upland soil (11.6–24.8 mg kg‐1). The highest degree of P saturation and equilibrium P concentration were in the two younger paddy soils, indicating the increasing potential environmental risk of P loss in paddy soils in the first few years. Hence, more attention should be given to P loss in newly reclaimed paddy soils.
Three‐Dimensional Time‐Lapse Geoelectrical Monitoring of Water Infiltration in an Experimental Mine Waste Rock Pile
Authors: Dimech Adrien , Chouteau Michel , Aubertin Michel , Bussière Bruno , Martin Vincent , Plante Benoît 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
3D time‐lapse ERT is used to monitor water infiltration for mining environmental issues.
Geoelectrical images provide information where no hydrogeological data is available.
Water resistivity must be taken into account to understand bulk resistivity variations.
Electrical resistivity of water is used as a tracer to reconstruct water infiltration.
Infiltration model integrating both hydrogeological and geophysical data is proposed.
Open‐pit mines often generate large quantities of waste rocks that are usually stored in waste rock piles (WRPs). When the waste rocks contain reactive minerals (mainly sulfides), water and air circulation can lead to the generation of contaminated drainage. An experimental WRP was built at the Lac Tio mine (Canada) to validate a new disposal method that aims to limit water infiltration into reactive waste rocks. More specifically, a flow control layer was placed on top of the pile, which represents a typical bench level, to divert water toward the outer edge. Hydrogeological sensors and geophysical electrodes were installed for monitoring moisture distribution in the pile during infiltration events. A three‐dimensional (3D) time‐lapse hydrogeophysical monitoring program was conducted to assess water infiltration and movement. Readings from the 192 circular electrodes buried in the WRP were used to reconstruct the 3D bulk electrical resistivity (ER) variations over time. A significant effort was devoted to assessing the spatiotemporal evolution of water ER because the bulk ER is strongly affected by water quality (and content). The water ER was used as a tracer to monitor the infiltration and flow of resistive and conductive waters. The results indicate that the inclined surface layer efficiently diverts a large part of the added water away from the core of the pile. Local and global models of water infiltration explaining both bulk and water ER variations are proposed. The results shown here are consistent with hydrogeological data and provide additional insights to characterize the behavior of the pile.
Representation of Plot‐Scale Soil Heterogeneity in Dual‐Domain Effective Flow and Transport Models with Mass Exchange
Authors: Filipović Vilim , Coquet Yves , Gerke Horst H. 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
The heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties can be described with effective parameters.
Increasing model complexity can be used to represent plot‐scale soil heterogeneity.
One‐dimensional dual‐domain flow models are used to reproduce 2D preferential transport.
Local subscale variability effects are included as mass transfer in an effective model.
Agricultural soils are characterized by a structure that is strongly dependent on farming practices like tillage and trafficking. These practices can create compacted zones in the soil, thus initiating preferential flow. Two‐ or three‐dimensional models can be used to account for the spatial variability of the soil hydraulic and transport properties. Since it is challenging to obtain such data, it is logical to find simpler approaches. Our objective was to design a one‐dimensional (1D) modeling approach that effectively accounts for plot‐scale soil structure variability. A 1D dual‐permeability model was tested in which compacted soil was represented by a matrix domain and uncompacted soil by a fracture domain and eventually by assuming an additional immobile water region (MIM) in the fracture domain representing compacted clods embedded within the uncompacted soil. Models (1D) were compared with two‐dimensional single‐porosity (2D_SP) modeling results for water flow and Br− transport based on a previously performed field tracer experiment. Results indicated good agreement between 1D dual‐domain approaches (1D_DPERM and 1D_DPERM_MIM) and the 2D_SP representative model simulation results with high model efficiency and with respect to the field observations. This implied that a 1D vertical model description was sufficient to represent plot‐scale variability if smaller scale soil structure heterogeneities could be accounted for as effective parameters in dual‐domain models. Variation in the mass transfer term had a large effect on the vertical Br− profile distribution. The parameters describing the sizes and shapes of the domains were most relevant for estimating mass transfer between soil structural features in heterogeneous agricultural fields. Still, the calibration of the upscaling approach of two‐domain interactions in larger scale models remains challenging.
Comparing Visible–Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy and a Pedotransfer Function for Predicting the Dry Region of the Soil‐Water Retention Curve
Authors: Pittaki-Chrysodonta Zampela , Arthur Emmanuel , Moldrup Per , Knadel Maria , Norgaard Trine , Iversen Bo V. , de Jonge Lis Wollesen 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
The Campbell–Shiozawa (CS) model was fitted to dry region data.
The CS model was anchored to soil water content at −106 cm H2O matric potential.
The model's parameters were well predicted from vis‐NIR spectra or a PTF.
Both the vis‐NIRS and PTF models gave good predictions of dry region water retention.
The soil‐water retention curve (SWRC) at the dry end, also known as soil water vapor sorption isotherms, is essential for the modeling of water vapor transport, microbial activity, and biological processes such as plant water uptake in the vadose zone. Measurement of detailed soil water vapor sorption isotherms (WSIs) can be time consuming. Therefore, we propose rapid, inexpensive methodologies (visible–near‐infrared spectroscopy [vis–NIRS] and a pedotransfer function [PTF]) to predict the Campbell–Shiozawa (CS) model parameters to obtain the WSIs. Water vapor sorption isotherms were measured on 144 soil samples with a vapor sorption analyzer. The CS semi‐logarithmic‐linear function anchored at a soil‐water matric potential of −106 cm H2O (log|−106| = pF 6) was fitted to the measured data because it accurately characterizes the WSIs. Thereafter, a vis–NIRS calibration model and a PTF, based on clay and organic C contents, were developed and used to predict the two reference CS model parameters (α and W6). Both parameters were predicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy using vis–NIRS and the PTF (for α, RMSE values of 0.0041 and 0.0025, and for W6, RMSE values of 0.0042 and 0.0034 for vis–NIRS and the PTF, respectively). Based on the predicted α and W6 values, the predicted WSIs compared closely with the measured isotherms for individual soil samples from each field. At the field scale, the vis–NIRS model performed marginally better than the PTF. Thus, it is evident that the use of vis–NIRS or PTFs provides a relatively inexpensive approach to predicting soil water sorption isotherms.
FORÇANTES EXTERNAS DOMINANTES NOS PROCESSOS HIDRODINÂMICOS NA REGIÃO DO SACO DA MANGUEIRA NA LAGOA DOS PATOS-RS
Authors: Leal Thalita Fagundes , Lopes Bruno Vasconcellos , Monteiro Caroline Barbosa , Kirinus Eduardo de Paula , Da Silva Mauren Costa , Möller Júnior Osmar Olinto , Oleinik Phelype Haron , Trombetta Thaísa Beloti , Correia Wiliam Marques 
Published: May 2019

O Saco da Mangueira é uma enseada semifechada com acesso a região estuarina daLagoa dos Patos-RS. Esse sistema possui uma área de 227km2 e recebe pequenas descargas deágua doce provenientes dos arroios Vieira e Simão, porém o maior aporte de água que esta enseadarecebe provém do estuário da Lagoa dos Patos. Nesta região são realizadas várias atividades,como pesca artesanal de camarão e atividades de lazer. A análise da hidrodinâmica nesta regiãoé importante, pois a circulação do fluxo de água entre a enseada e o estuário promovem a entrada denutrientes e evitam condições anóxicas no ambiente. O objetivo principal deste estudo é investigara hidrodinâmica do local usando o modelo de simulação numérica TELEMAC-3D validado comdados medidos em campo. Os resultados demonstram que a dinâmica do Saco da Mangueira estáfortemente relacionada com a dinâmica estuarina, sendo controlada pelo efeito não-local do vento.A elevação do nível do mar e os gradientes de pressão entre os pontos analisados proporcionam adireção do fluxo de água, associados aos ventos, ocasionando eventos de enchente de água salgada(ventos de sudoeste) e vazão de água doce (ventos de nordeste) no Saco da Mangueira.
The Role of MicroRNAs in Defense against Viral Phytopathogens
Authors: Hajieghrari Behzad , Farrokhi Naser , Goliaei Bahram , Kavousi Kaveh 
Published: May 2019

:
MicroRNAs have been considered as an endogenous
post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism for transcription regulation.
Additionally, reports are indicative of their involvement in plant viral
defence. It seems that horizontal miRNA transfer from pathogenic viral and
viroid genomes into plants has evolved into counter-defence mechanism(s)
against their invasions. miRNAs of a green alga and 16 other higher plant
species, with/without endogenous function, were searched for their
energetically favorable target sites in the complete genomes of
plant-specific invading viruses and viroids. Interestingly, 6524 and 250
potent target sites were found in 759 viral and 16 viroid genomes,
respectively. Also, in 5589 viral encoding genes/sequences, 7583 potent
target sites from 638 plant invasing viruses were found to be targeted by
1019 miRNAs (belonging to 636 miRNA families). Some miRNA families including
miR171, miR156 and miR159 had wide target range in viral genomes;
demonstrating possible plant-virus coevolution and at the same time a degree
of conservation within different viruses. Such coevolution proposes the
existence of immune response mechanism against these sub-genomic organisms,
and further suggests adaptive plant-pathogen interactions, something that is
known as host specificity. Herein, it was also speculated that some miRNA
families such as; miR915, miR899 and miR895 with unknown or non-validated
targets in plant genomes are being involved in suppression of invading
viruses/viroids.
SALUD MENTAL Y SU RELACION CON LAS CARACTERISTICAS BIOSOCIODEMOGRAFICAS EN PACIENTES HEMODIALIZADOS
Authors: Badilla Aguilera Elizabeth , Rodríguez Vidal Magalí , Cruz Pedreros Mónica 
Published: May 2019

La Enfermedad renal crónica terminal es considerada una pandemia a nivel mundial. En Chile un 32% de los recursos económicos en salud son destinados a su tratamiento, siendo la hemodiálisis la terapia, más utilizada en estos usuarios. Esta patología modifica todo el equilibrio de la persona, sometiéndola a diversos factores estresantes y provocándole alteraciones en el ámbito físico, psicológico y social, repercutiendo directamente en la salud mental de estos usuarios. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar la salud mental y su relación con las características biosociodemográficas en los pacientes hemodializados en una unidad de cuidado en Talcahuano, Chile. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo, correlacional y transversal. Los datos se recolectaron a través de una entrevista. El instrumento utilizado fue la Escala de Golberg para medir salud mental más variables biosociodemográficas. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que: de un total de 53 pacientes, un 58,5% presentó ausencia de psicopatología, 26,4% presencia y el 15,1% sospecha; un 56,6% varones y el 44,4% mujeres, un 62,3% se encontraba en pareja, un 50,9 % poseía estudios de nivel medio, el 83% se encontraban pensionado, la media del tiempo en hemodiálisis fue de 94,2 meses. La presencia de diabetes mellitus se relacionó con una mayor incidencia de sospecha psicopatología. Este estudió permitió concluir que, la sospecha y/o presencia de psicopatología se relacionó con edad avanzada, sexo femenino, ingresos económicos bajos, mayor tiempo en hemodiálisis, estar pensionado y padecer diabetes. La ausencia se relacionó con mayor nivel educacional y trabajo remunerado.
Seeking Out Non-Public Information: Sell-Side Analysts and the Freedom of Information Act
Authors: Klein April , Li Tao , Zhang Bobo 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
A number of sell-side healthcare analysts gain access to information outside the purview of management through Freedom of Information Act requests to the Food and Drug Administration for records on factory inspections, complaints, and drug and medical device applications. Using a difference-in-differences methodology, we find that buy (sell) recommendations and upgrades (downgrades) earn higher (lower) stock returns over the year following the receipt of FDA records. We also examine the type of information revealed in FDA factory inspection reports, and find that analysts are less likely to downgrade and are less pessimistic in their recommendations than the consensus recommendation when the information contained in the FDA report is not particularly severe. Our findings are consistent with a subset of analysts utilizing non-public information channels independent of management to gain value-relevant information about their covered firms.
BMI, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes: Findings Against an Obesity Paradox
Authors: Edqvist Jon , Rawshani Araz , Adiels Martin , Björck Lena , Lind Marcus , Svensson Ann-Marie , Gudbjörnsdottir Sofia , Sattar Naveed , Rosengren Annika 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE
Low weight has been associated with increased mortality risks in type 1 diabetes. We aimed to investigate the importance of weight and weight gain/loss in the Swedish population diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Patients with type 1 diabetes (n = 26,125; mean age 33.3 years; 45% women) registered in the Swedish National Diabetes Registry from 1998 to 2012 were followed from the first day of study entry. Cox regression was used to calculate risk of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD), major CVD events, hospitalizations for heart failure (HF), and total deaths.

RESULTS
Population mean BMI in patients with type 1 diabetes increased from 24.7 to 25.7 kg/m2 from 1998 to 2012. Over a median follow-up of 10.9 years, there were 1,031 deaths (33.2% from CVD), 1,460 major CVD events, and 580 hospitalizations for HF. After exclusion of smokers, patients with poor metabolic control, and patients with a short follow-up time, there was no increased risk for mortality in those with BMI &lt;25 kg/m2, while BMI &gt;25 kg/m2 was associated with a minor increase in risk of mortality, major CVD, and HF. In women, associations with BMI were largely absent. Weight gain implied an increased risk of mortality and HF, while weight loss was not associated with higher risk.

CONCLUSIONS
Risk of major CVD, HF, CVD death, and mortality increased with increasing BMI, with associations more apparent in men than in women. After exclusion of factors associated with reverse causality, there was no evidence of an obesity paradox.