bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of construction projects using the Earned Value Method - case study
Authors: Araszkiewicz Krystyna , Bochenek Magdalena 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Planning, controlling, monitoring progress are key management functions for effective implementation of construction projects. Commonly used instruments enabling performance of these functions include schedules and budgets, often in the form of a cost estimate. They are created at the initial planning stage to monitor and control cost and time deviations. Moreover, popular monitoring techniques are, for example, observation of milestones and comparative analysis of actual versus planned costs. This article presents a work progress control tool - the Earned Value Method (EVM) - which, despite its benefits, remains relatively unused in construction projects. The impact of the planning phase on the results obtained during the monitoring and control phase when utilizing EVM is discussed. This case study provides practical examples of using EVM in the implementation of construction projects and with the use of computer software. The novelty of the article results from the introduction of additional sensitivity analysis illustrating the impact of factors, such as an increase in costs or a change in delivery dates to the course of deviation curves. Use of sensitivity analysis in relation to the results of the CPI and SPI calculations affords combining control of costs and time with risk monitoring in the project. The findings reveal significant benefits in using EVM to implement construction projects but also highlight some important limitations.
Research on the ingot shrinkage in the electroslag remelting withdrawal process for 9Cr3Mo roller
Authors: Li Wanming , Zang Ximin , Qi Haiyang , Li Dejun , Deng Xin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In order to reduce the air gap between ingot and mould in the electroslag remelting withdrawal (ESRW) process, the taper of the mould should be consistent with the ingot shrinkage.Athree-dimensional mathematical model was developed to describe the interaction of multiple-physical fields (Joule heat, electromagnetic field, velocity field, and temperature field) and ingot shrinkage during the ESRW process. The variations of material thermal and mechanical properties, as well as the yield function with temperature, were considered. The shrinkage behavior of 9Cr3Mo roller in the ESRW process was simulated using the sequential coupling method. A good agreement between the calculated value and the measured valuewas obtained in the temperature field and stress field. Numerical results showed that maximum values of current density, Joule heat, and electromagnetic forcewere at the electrode corner of the slag bath. The direction of the magnetic flux density was tangential to the slag bath and had a clockwise rotation. There were two pairs of vortices and two high temperature zones in the slag bath. The shrinkage displacement was obtained through thermal-stress analysis. As the distance from the mould outlet decreases, the shrinkage displacement of ingot increases. As for the electroslag remelting withdrawal process for 9Cr3Mo roller, the variation of the shrinkage displacement from the slag/metal interface to the mould outlet was 0.0028 m. The maximum shrinkage displacement is at the mould outlet, and the value was 0.0089 m.
The worldwide use and meaning of the f-word
Authors: Vatvedt Fjeld Ruth E. , Kristiansen Elsa , Rathje Marianne , Oskarsson Veturlidi , Konstaninovskaia Natalia , Gill Inayat , Menuta Fekede 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article documents the increasing use of the English curse word fuck worldwide, as well as its degree of adaption into the host language, its syntactic function, and its meaning and its strength as taboo. Comparing the use of fuck with a special focus on the Nordic countries (Norway, Denmark, and Iceland) with its use in Eurasia and Africa (with different alphabets, namely Cyrillic in Russia, Devanāgarī in India and Ge’ez script in Ethiopia), we found some similar developmental patterns, but also differences, for example to what degree the English loan word has replaced local curses and in what ways among social groups within a country. Comparing the terms used for the same concept was challenging because some countries have better text corpora and more research on written languages and especially on taboos, and those without such resources required additional minor investigations for a baseline. Findings revealed that fuck has spread worldwide from English, and it is commonly used in Nordic languages today. In Russian fuck is also adopted into the heritage language to a relatively high degree, and it has further gained importance in the vocabulary of India, where English has become the most used language by the higher and middle classes, but less so by lower classes. In contrast, the study of Amharic language in Ethiopia shows that the f-word is rarely used at all, and only by youngsters. We found a pattern starting from the outer North with Icelandic having adapted and adopted the word fuck the most, a slight decline in use in Norwegian and Danish, with less adaption and use in Russian, even less in Indian-English or Hindi, and being more or less absent in the African language Amharic. Formally though it is used conceptually both in Hindi and Amharic.
Velocity field and crustal deformation of broader Athens plain (Greece) from a dense geodetic network
Authors: Foumelis M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The broader area of Athens, a region exhibiting relatively low crustal deformation, was stroke in 1999 by a catastrophic earthquake posing serious questions regarding strain accumulation in slow deforming regions located within active geodynamic regimes. In the present study, the establishment of a dense geodetic network, primarily designed to monitor local tectonic movements is reported. A comprehensive GNSS velocity field, over the period 2005–2008, as well as calculated geodetic strain rates is presented. It is shown that a single strain tensor is insufficient to express the heterogeneity of the local geodetic field. Local variability of strain is successfully depicted, indicating the western part of Athens as the area of higher strain accumulation. Maximum dilatation rates occur along a NNE-SSW direction between Parnitha Mt. and Thriasio basin. The observed dilatation can be associated to WNW-ESE trending active fault zones, which appear to abruptly terminate towards East along a major NNE-SSW Miocene tectonic boundary. These findings are consistent to the stress field responsible for the Athens 1999 earthquake, also in agreement with geological and tectonic observations. Finally, the implications of the observed motion field on the understanding of the kinematics and dynamics of the region as well as the role of inherited inactive tectonic structures are discussed.
Benign thyroid nodules in pediatric patients: determining best practices for repeat ultrasound evaluations
Authors: Hodax Juanita K. , Bowerman Kimberly , Quintos Jose Bernardo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
The American Thyroid Association (ATA) recommendations for the follow-up of thyroid nodules with benign fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in children are largely based on adult data, despite well-characterized differences between thyroid nodules in adults and children. We aimed to determine the optimal time interval for repeat evaluation of an FNA-benign thyroid nodule in a pediatric patient.

Methods
This is a retrospective chart review of patients <19 years of age from 2003 to 2013 with a benign thyroid nodule by FNA cytology.

Results
We identified 43 patients with benign thyroid nodule cytology on FNA. The average age at diagnosis was 15.6 years, with female predominance (91%). Initial ultrasound (US) findings showed an average nodule size of 2.5 cm, 10% with calcifications, 37% hyperemia, 29% hypoechogenicity and 7% lymphadenopathy. Follow-up US was done in 42%. The first follow-up US occurred on average at 15 months after the initial US. Four patients had nodules with significant growth over time. One patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) on final pathology initially had a decreasing nodule size, and then a subsequent increase in the nodule size after 4.5 years. Thyroid nodules were surgically removed in 33% with the final pathology showing a benign cytology in four patients, follicular adenoma in eight patients and PTC in two patients.

Conclusions
The majority of patients with benign thyroid nodules had no significant increase in nodule size in the first year of follow-up, including one patient who was subsequently found to have PTC. We recommend follow-up US at 1 year after initial presentation in low-risk pediatric patients with benign thyroid nodule cytology.
Contiguous gene deletion in a Chinese family with X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: challenges in early diagnosis and implications for affected families
Authors: Leung Mei Tik , Sit Jacqueline K.K. , Cheung Hoi Ning , Iu Yan Ping , Chan Winnie K.Y. , Shek Chi Chung 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a rare disorder of the renal collecting tubules, characterized by an inability to concentrate urine due to an impaired response to arginine vasopressin (AVP), resulting in dilute urine and polyuria. Causes of NDI are heterogeneous and diagnosing congenital NDI (cNDI) in young infants is clinically challenging, as typical symptoms are often unappreciated or inconspicuous. Instead, young infants may present with non-specific signs such as vomiting, poor feeding, failure to thrive, unexplained fevers, irritability, constipation or diarrhea. We report a 37-day-old infant who presented with polyuria and severe hypernatremic dehydration that was unresponsive to vasopressin. The patient was treated with amiloride, indomethacin and hydrochlorothiazide. Genetic analysis revealed a novel contiguous deletion involving the entire AVPR2 gene and the last exon of the adjacent ARHGAP4 gene. A study of the family confirmed the carrier status in the mother. This case illustrates the importance of molecular testing in confirming the diagnosis in the index patient, as well as in identifying asymptomatic at-risk female carriers so that appropriate genetic counselling can be given for reproductive planning. All pediatric patients with suspected cNDI should undergo genetic analysis for a definitive diagnosis.
A green road map for heterogeneous photocatalysis
Authors: Scaiano Juan C. , Lanterna Anabel E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the new millennium the well-established paradigms of organic photochemistry have come alive as the basis for a wide range of synthetic methodologies that take advantage of the enhanced redox properties of excited states. While many strategies have been developed using rare, expensive and non-reusable catalysts, the road forward should include catalysts based on more abundant elements and reusable materials. This green road leads to the exploration of heterogeneous systems that can be eventually adapted for flow photocatalysis, and also adopted for the solution of environmental problems such as water treatment and fuel generation using solar radiation. If heterogeneous photocatalysis can play a role in supplying solutions to drug synthesis, energy and potable water supplies, then photochemistry will have an unprecedented societal impact.
Epigenetic modifications associated with in utero exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals BPA, DDT and Pb
Authors: Onuzulu Chinonye Doris , Rotimi Oluwakemi Anuoluwapo , Rotimi Solomon Oladapo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are xenobiotics which adversely modify the hormone system. The endocrine system is most vulnerable to assaults by endocrine disruptors during the prenatal and early development window, and effects may persist into adulthood and across generations. The prenatal stage is a period of vulnerability to environmental chemicals because the epigenome is usually reprogrammed during this period. Bisphenol A (BPA), lead (Pb), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were chosen for critical review because they have become serious public health concerns globally, especially in Africa where they are widely used without any regulation. In this review, we introduce EDCs and describe the various modes of action of EDCs and the importance of the prenatal and developmental windows to EDC exposure. We give a brief overview of epigenetics and describe the various epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, and how each of them affects gene expression. We then summarize findings from previous studies on the effects of prenatal exposure to the endocrine disruptors BPA, Pb and DDT on each of the previously described epigenetic mechanisms. We also discuss how the epigenetic alterations caused by these EDCs may be related to disease processes.
Economic Development of Mangosteen Agro-Industry Based on Sustainability
Authors: Oryzanti Parwa , Rustiadi Ernan , Eriyatno Eriyatno , Rochman Nurul Taufiqu 
Published: July 2019

The concept of developing agro-industry based agropolitan area for Mangosteen Peel Extract is a solution to create the high added value and to increase people’s income in the area. Agro-industry development in agropolitan areas by optimizing the local strategic commodities is a breakthrough to support the regional economy growth to be sustainable, so it is common in accordance with the potential regional leading commodities. The aim of this research is to analyze the sustainability of the area and to assess the feasibility of mangosteen agro-industry investment. The results of analysis show that the level of sustainability of technological and infrastructure, economic, social, and environmental and technological aspects are categorized as less sustainable with the sustainability index ranging from 34.12% to 49.96%. While the policy aspects in the development of Karacak agropolitan area are categorized as unsustainable with the sustainability index of 22.31%. The results of the feasibility analysis show that the capsulated agro-industrial product of mangosteen peel extract have greater opportunity to attract the investors because it is feasible with NPV value of Rp 17,690,067,855 and the added value of Rp 90,833/ kg of raw materials.
Single-Gene Deletions Contributing to Loss of Heterozygosity inSaccharomyces cerevisiae: Genome-Wide Screens and Reproducibility
Authors: Hoffert Kellyn M , Strome Erin D 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLoss of heterozygosity (LOH) is a phenomenon commonly observed in cancers; the loss of chromosomal regions can be both causal and indicative of underlying genome instability. Yeast has long been used as a model organism to study genetic mechanisms difficult to study in mammalian cells. Studying gene deletions leading to increased LOH in yeast aids our understanding of the processes involved, and guides exploration into the etiology of LOH in cancers. Yet, before in-depth mechanistic studies can occur, candidate genes of interest must be identified. Utilizing the heterozygous Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion collection (≈ 6500 strains), 217 genes whose disruption leads to increased LOH events at the endogenously heterozygous mating type locus were identified. Our investigation to refine this list of genes to candidates with the most definite impact on LOH includes: secondary testing for LOH impact at an additional locus, gene ontology analysis to determine common gene characteristics, and positional gene enrichment studies to identify chromosomal regions important in LOH events. Further, we conducted extensive comparisons of our data to screens with similar, but distinct methodologies, to further distinguish genes that are more likely to be true contributors to instability due to their reproducibility, and not just identified due to the stochastic nature of LOH. Finally, we selected nine candidate genes and quantitatively measured their impact on LOH as a benchmark for the impact of genes identified in our study. Our data add to the existing body of work and strengthen the evidence of single-gene knockdowns contributing to genome instability.
Legislación marino-costera en Costa Rica: recuento, limitaciones y fortalezas
Authors: Cajiao María Virginia 
Published: July 2019

Siendo el derecho ambiental el conjunto de normas que regulan las relaciones con el ambiente y los recursos natu-rales, en el tema marino-costero esas regulaciones están contempladas básicamente en legislación internacional como: Convenio de Naciones Unidas del derecho del mar, Convenio de Ramsar, Convenio Cites y Convenio de diversi-dad biológica -entre otros. Nacionalmente, la Constitución política tiene algunos artículos que hacen alusión directa al tema y contamos con algunas leyes y reglamentos que directamente regulan la zona marítimo-terrestre, la pesca, la vida silvestre, las tortugas, los cetáceos y otros. Sin embargo, esta normativa presenta limitaciones, lo que se suma a la falta de coordinación interinstitucional, provo-cándose una falta de gobernabilidad de los océanos.
Role of Cytokeratin-7 in the pathogenesis of odontogenic cysts - an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Saluja Pulin , Arora Manpreet , Dave Aparna , Shetty Vishwa Prakash , Khurana Charu , Madan Ajay , Rai Radhika , Katiyar Alpana 
Published: July 2019

Introduction. Odontogenic cysts are distinct entities and quite a common occurrence in the jaw bones. These are individual lesions which arise from the same odontogenic apparatus but with varying pathogenesis. Cytokeratins are integral components in tooth development and are expressed across the odontogenic tissues in physiological and pathological states.
Aim. To elucidate the role of cytokeratin-7 in the pathogenesis of odontogenic cysts by immunohistochemistry
Method. Cytokeratin-7 (CK-7) was assessed in 39 cases of odontogenic lesions retrieved from the archival files which included 15 cases of Dentigerous cysts (DC), 12 cases of Odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) and 12 cases of Radicular cysts (RC) and also 8 cases of control specimens.
Statistical analysis. Results obtained were statistically analyzed using chi-square test to assess the association between different odontogenic cysts used in this study and Cytokeration-7 staining. The difference was considered to be of statistical significance if the p value was ≤ 0.05.
Results. CK7 expression was maximum in dentigerous cycts (66.66%) followed by radicular cysts (41.66%) and odontogenic keratocysts (16.6%). On evaluation of staining and expression pattern, highest positivity is shown in Dentigerous cysts and the positivity is seen in suprabasal (60%) and superficial layers (40%) whereas radicular cysts and odontogenic keratocysts showed positivity in superficial and spinous layers.
Conclusion. Cytokeratin-7 expression correlates with the degree of differentiation of the epithelium. So the cysts with a well-differentiated epithelium (RC and DC) express CK-7, while the cysts with a less well-differentiated epithelium (OKC) show slight positivity. Thus it can be useful to differentiate OKC from DC and RC.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of three different glass ionomer cements on streptococcus mutans: an in-vitro antimicrobial study.
Authors: Khere Chhaya Harin , Hiremath Hemalatha , N Sandesh , Misar Pooja , Gorie Nishat 
Published: July 2019

Aim. Purpose of this in-vitro study was to asses and compare the antimicrobial activity of three different glass ionomer cements (GIC) against streptococcus mutans (S. Mutans) bacteria using agar plate diffusion test.
Methods. Thirty blood agar plates were prepared and three wells of 4mm diameter were made on each agar plate. Three different GIC (Micron bioactive, GC Fuji IX GP Extra, Bioglass r) were mixed and filled into the wells. These plates were inoculated with S. Mutans and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Bacterial growth inhibition zone around each well were recorded in millimeters using Hiantibiotic Zonescale-C.
Result. All the restorative material used in the study exhibited antimicrobial property against S. Mutans. GC Fuji IX GP Extra showed superior antimicrobial efficacy with 17.3±2.6 mm mean diameter of bacterial inhibition zone, followed by Micron bioactive 14.4±1.07 mm and Bioglass r 10.8 ± .91 mm inhibition zone respectively.
Conclusion. Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that all the GIC evaluated demonstrated antibacterial activity against S. Mutans. The superior antimicrobial activity was demonstrated by GC Fuji IX GP Extra. Hence, it could be advantageous in patients with high caries risk.
Mapping the Critical Intellectual Capital of IRD
Authors: Rodrigues Danielle Monegalha , Delgado Jose Ubiratan , Da Silva Aucyone Augusto 
Published: July 2019

Currently, several studies that dealing with the subject of knowledge management aiming the preservation and transfer of intellectual capital, leading to the retention of knowledge retention in an institution or organization. The National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) of Brazil, the federal authority responsible for the national nuclear energy standards, research, development, and regulation, has been facing difficulties in human resources due to the increase in the number of retirements and the lack of replacement of people, especially with the scientific-technical profile, as a result of the cancelation of public employee hiring in the country.The purpose of this study is to map the critical technical areas at the Institute of Radiation Protection and Dosimetry (IRD), from CNEN. A model used by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was adopted here, which takes into account the time for retirement, beyond the specificity and availability of knowledge.As a result of the study, it was possible to identify that in all end-areas, the IRD has employees that retain the critical knowledge, but they are hard to be replaced or transfer their knowledge. Therefore, a management plan should be implemented for the retention and transfer of knowledge specific to the nuclear area, which is essential for IRD to continue to meet its strategic objectives and that also contributes to minimize the impacts to the country generated by the loss of this sensitive and specialized knowledge.