bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weak economic institutions in Africa: a destiny or design?
Authors: Alhassan Abdulkareem , Kilishi Abdulhakeem Abdullahi 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe primacy of institutions for economic progress has been established in the literature. Yet, less research attention is paid to the existence and persistence of weak economic institutions in Africa. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to empirically explore the determinants of the quality of economic institutions in Africa.Design/methodology/approachHausman–Taylor instrumental variable estimator of panel regression was employed for a sample of 43 Sub-Sahara African countries over the period 1995–2017.FindingsThe study finds that the existence and persistence of weak economic institutions in Africa is more of design than destiny. That is, weak economic institutions are created and sustained more by bad political institutions rather than cultural diversity and geographical factors. Therefore, strong political institutions need to be entrenched to reverse the equilibrium of weak economic institutions and dismal economic performance in the continent.Practical implicationsThe study provides deep understanding of the determinants of economic institutions. This is imperative for policy makers, development agencies and stakeholders in designing viable economic policies and programs for the continent.Originality/valueThe novelty of the study is rooted in the examination of the factors responsible for the development and persistence of weak economic institutions in Africa. The idea is original because previous studies focus on political institutions and neglected economic institutions.
Towards a better understanding of organizational buying behavior across cultures: empirical evidence from the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Bachkirov Alexandre Anatolievich 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine, through the lens of the buying center concept, a theorized link between organizational buying behavior (OBB) and a national culture of collectivism, large power distance, particularism and a wasta practice.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative methodology was used to gain better understanding of OBB in an under-researched business environment of the Arabian Gulf. The data come from 41 organizational practitioners who reported on the industrial buying processes in their organizations with reference to the buying center framework.

Findings
The study developed a model of the buying center for the emerging markets governed by socio-political institutions.

Research limitations/implications
The data were obtained only from one culturally specific world region.

Practical implications
To attain efficacious results in culturally distant business environments, industrial marketers should complement home country experience with a thorough understanding of how national cultures affect the dynamics of OBB.

Originality/value
The study updates the conceptualization of the buying center’s organizational actors (OAs) for business contexts beyond traditional, mature markets. It reveals the typology of decisional influencers, introduces and defines the role of advisers and clarifies the role of the gatekeeping bureaucracy and differing perceptions thereof by OAs.
Consumer centric antecedents to personal financial planning
Authors: Guzman Francisco , Paswan Audhesh , Tripathy Niranjan 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Personal finance influences everything we buy and is a key driver of all economies. It has attracted significant research attention, mostly grounded in rational economics. However, it has not received adequate research attention in the consumer behavior literature. This study aims to address this gap by looking at some of the consumer-centric antecedents of short- and long-term personal financial planning, i.e. self-other orientation, cognitive style and time orientation.

Design/methodology/approach
A self-administered survey was used to collect data from full time employees. Hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analyses.

Findings
Both short- and long-term financial planning are positively associated with non-impulsive and analytical decision-making styles; whereas self and other orientation are only associated with short-term financial planning. Intuitive decision-making is not associated to either short- or long-term financial planning.

Research limitations/implications
While analytical and long-term orientation are still important for personal finance, in the short run, consumers are also driven by self and other orientation.

Practical implications
The results are relevant for both products and services that have long-term and short-term financial implications for consumers.

Originality/value
This study explores financial planning decision-making from a consumer behavior perspective, and addresses a gap in consumer behavior literature.
Migrant enclaves: disempowering economic ghettos or sanctuaries of opportunities for migrants?
Authors: Hack-Polay Dieu 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the migrant dilemma about operating extensively in migrant enclaves vs integration in host communities.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is a critical literature review contrasting views and perspectives of the role of migrant enclaves in migrant integration and contribution in new societies. Research in the area of ethnic enclaves has been polarised: on the one hand, the optimists argue the critical benefits of migrant and ethnic community networks, thus downplaying potential drawbacks of such networks and the disadvantage externally imposed on migrants; on the other hand, the pessimists overemphasise the disadvantages of ethnic enclaves, portraying them as ghettos of alienation.

Findings
Based on the social solidarity integration model and immigrant-host and social interaction theory, the paper posits that migrant community networks could intentionally or unintentionally engender cultural alienation, worsening an already precarious educational, cultural and economic exclusion. Thus, migrants could remain in lower societal roles and experience limited upward social mobility if they operate exclusively within migrant and ethnic networks. However, ethnic enclaves, at the same time, offer the initial psychological nurturing on which future successful socialisation work with migrant communities can be built.

Research limitations/implications
From a research angle, the theorisation of migrant enclave requires a new approach, which identifies dynamism and contextualisation as central to the debate.

Practical implications
From a policy perspective, the research suggests the rethinking of the role of community support systems (and the wider enclave debate). The organisational implications the research suggests a shift of the organisational paradigm in the way migrant organisations manage themselves and support members in the enclave.

Originality/value
This paper’s contribution is to take a duality approach to studying the ethnic enclave and posits that this will engender effective social policy that helps reduce economic inequality.
Diffusion of blockchain technology
Authors: Grover Purva , Kar Arpan Kumar , Janssen Marijn 
Published: July 2019

PurposeAlthough blockchain is often discussed, its actual diffusion seems to be varying for different industries. The purpose of this paper is to explore the blockchain technology diffusion in different industries through a combination of academic literature and social media (Twitter).Design/methodology/approachThe insights derived from the academic literature and social media have been used to classify industries into five stages of the innovation-decision process, namely, knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation and confirmation (Rogers, 1995).FindingsBlockchain is found to be diffused in almost all industries, but the level of diffusion varies. The analysis highlights that manufacturing industry is at the knowledge stage. Further public administration is at persuasion stage. Subsequently, transportation, communications, electric, gas and sanitary services and trading industry had reached to the decision stage. Then, services industries have reached to implementation stage while finance, insurance and real estate industries are the innovators of blockchain technologies and have reached the confirmation stage of innovation-decision process.Practical implicationsActual implementations of blockchain technology are still in its infancy stage for most of the industries. The findings suggest that specific industries are developing specific blockchain applications.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge this is the first study which is using social media data for investigating the diffusion of blockchain in industries. The results show that the combination of Twitter and academic literature analysis gives better insights into diffusion than a single data source.
It ain’t my business: a coping perspective on employee effortful security behavior
Authors: Xu Zhengchuan , Guo Ken 
Published: July 2019

PurposeHuman factor is often cited as one of the biggest challenges for organizational information security management. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how and why employees fail to carry out required security tasks.Design/methodology/approachOn the basis of coping theory, this paper develops a theoretical model to examine employee effortful security behavior (ESB). The model is tested with the data collected through a survey of computer users.FindingsThe results suggest that employee procrastination of security tasks and psychological detachment from security issues are two antecedents of ESB. Psychological detachment and procrastination are in turn influenced by perceived externalities of security risk and triage of business tasks over security issues by employees.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the information systems security literature by providing a nuanced understanding of the antecedents and process of how employees cope with security task demands. It also offers some insights for practitioners in terms of the importance of designing and implementing security measures that are viewed as relevant to employees.
Towards a unified model of human development
Authors: Haigh Rex , Benefield Nick 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to collaborate across disciplines to agree a better map of human development.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper used an iterative process of consultation with professionals and specialists in relevant disciplines, and service users, continually refining the diagram and text until a “good enough” consensus was reached to produce a diagrammatic form and explanatory text.

Findings
The process revealed a strong commitment across many disciplines to find a common contextual framework within which specialist understandings could be accommodated. The consultation process and iterative development of the diagram and text was marked by widespread interest and many detailed discussions. The substance of this paper is the result of that process.

Research limitations/implications
The model places research in different specialist fields onto a single “map of the territory”. It can encourage collaboration across disciplines when they are studying similar areas from different perspectives. It indicates the value of collaborative rather than competitive research enterprises.

Practical implications
Too often, professionals involved in fields concerning human development become focussed within narrow frameworks of specialisation. The model supports better understanding of how different elements relating to developmental life interrelate. This can facilitate the basis upon which a wide range of training, education and research programmes can be formulated.

Social implications
The model proposes greater use of a “whole-person/whole-life” perspective, which should allow greater integration between disparate approaches, and less experience of fragmentation. For a wide range of public sector activities, the quality of relational activity should be central to effective organisational and human outcomes. Without a unifying context, the understanding required to support relational work is weak: this model ad-dresses that deficit.

Originality/value
This work is entirely original. It should be of value to all those interested in working in holistic ways; to policy makers wishing to avoid duplication, waste and ineffective interventions; and to researchers interested in working across disciplinary boundaries. Most importantly, it is for staff involved in health, justice, social care and education services at all levels. Their effectiveness relies on relational, as well as procedural working, and this model will support confidence in the primacy of these activities.
Risk assessment of attitudes and practices of students and practitioners toward studio dyeing in Ghana
Authors: Howard Ebenezer Kofi , Frimpong Charles , Seidu Raphael Kanyire 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to assess the attitudes and practices of students and practitioners in the dyeing studio. Empirical evidence shows that synthetic dyes are the most commonly used dyestuff because of their colour fastness as compared with natural dyes. However, it is proven scientifically that synthetic dyes and their auxiliaries are carcinogenic and allergenic, which pose as health risks to users.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used analytical observational study design, where observation, questionnaire and interview were the instruments for data collection.

Findings
A survey conducted at selected dyeing studios in Ghana revealed the excessive use of vat dyes by students and practitioners because of its availability and accessibility on the local market. Adversely, the study found non-use of personal protective equipment by students and practitioners for protection against hazardous effects of dye chemicals. Again, poor studio set up with limited space and lack of proper waste drainage systems at the various dyeing studios results in inappropriate disposal of dyes, leading to environmental pollution.

Originality/value
Dyeing throughout history has been practiced to colour a fabric or yarn for specific use in the environment, which brings in some revenue. This practice however employs the use of dyes coupled with its auxiliaries, which poses some health problems in the short, medium and long term because of certain attitudes and practices exhibited by students and practitioners in the studio. It is therefore imperative for effective compliance to safety rules and practices by students and practitioners to ensure their safety. It is also critical that educational institutions and practitioners build modern dyeing studios which are spacious, well ventilated and efficient in limiting environmental pollution in compliance with eco-friendly practices. The study further recommends collaboration between Academia, local dyers’ association , Ghana Health Service and the Environmental Protection Agency to organize workshops to ensure best safety practices to save lives and the environment.
Cerebrovascular autoregulation following cardiac arrest: Protocol for a post hoc analysis of the randomised COMACARE pilot trial
Authors: Aneman Anders , Laurikalla Johanna , Pham Paul , Wilkman Erika , Jakkula Pekka , Reinikainen Matti , Toppila Jussi , Skrifvars Markus B 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundApproximately two‐thirds of the mortality following out of hospital cardiac arrest is related to devastating neurological injury. Previous small cohort studies have reported an impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation following cardiac arrest, but no studies have assessed the impact of differences in oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in addition to mean arterial pressure management.MethodsThis is a protocol and statistical analysis plan to assess the correlation between changes in cerebral tissue oxygenation and arterial pressure as measure of cerebrovascular autoregulation, the tissue oxygenation index, in patients following out of hospital cardiac arrest and in healthy volunteers. The COMACARE study included 120 comatose survivors of out of hospital cardiac arrest admitted to ICU and managed with low‐normal or high‐normal targets for mean arterial pressure, arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures. In addition, 102 healthy volunteers have been investigated as a reference group for the tissue oxygenation index. In both cohorts, the cerebral tissue oxygenation was measured by near infrared spectroscopy.ConclusionsCerebrovascular autoregulation is critical to maintain homoeostatic brain perfusion. This study of changes in autoregulation following out of hospital cardiac arrest over the first 48 hours, as compared to data from healthy volunteers, will generate important physiological information that may guide the rationale and design of interventional studies.
Australian general practice registrars and their experience with postpartum consultations: A cross‐sectional analysis of prevalence and associations
Authors: Hill Sophia , Tapley Amanda , van Driel Mieke L. , Holliday Elizabeth G. , Ball Jean , Davey Andrew , Patsan Irena , Spike Neil , Fitzgerald Kristen , Morgan Simon , Magin Parker 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundIn Australia, general practitioners (GPs) are recognised as an essential source of postpartum care. However, there remains a paucity of research pertaining to this, and in particular, to that of GP trainees (in Australia, termed ‘registrars’). Previous post‐graduate experience in obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G) is not a prerequisite for GP training, and thus, it is imperative that vocational training provides adequate exposure to postpartum consultations.AimTo investigate the prevalence and associations of Australian GP registrars’ (trainees’) experience in postpartum care.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study employing data from the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training (ReCEnT) project. ReCEnT is an ongoing cohort study where GP registrars record 60 consecutive consultations mid‐way through each training term. The outcome variable was postpartum problem/diagnosis (compared to all other problems/diagnoses). The independent variables included registrar, practice, patient, consultation, clinical and educational factors. Analyses employed univariate and multivariable regression.ResultsAnalysis included 2234 registrars (response rate 96.1%), 289 594 consultations, and 453 786 problems/diagnoses. Postpartum care (897) comprised 0.2% (95% CI: 0.19–0.21) of all problems/diagnoses in 0.3% (95% CI: 0.27–0.31) of all consultations. Significant multivariable associations included registrar's gender (female) and obtainment of post‐graduate O&G qualifications. Postpartum consultations were longer and resulted in more learning goals being generated.DiscussionAn overall low prevalence was established. Both male registrars, and those without pre‐existing O&G qualifications, may have particularly limited experience. These findings should inform educational policy and practice regarding postpartum care experience in general practice training.
The effect of tributyrin supplementation to milk replacer on plasma glucagon‐like peptide 2 concentrations in pre‐weaning calves
Authors: Inabu Yudai , Murayama Kyotaro , Inouchi Katsutoshi , Sugino Toshihisa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tributyrin (TB) supplementation to milk replacer (MR) on performance, health, and blood concentrations of metabolite and glucagon‐like peptide (GLP‐2) in pre‐weaning calves. Twenty Holstein heifer calves were raised on an intensified nursing program using MR supplemented with either palm oil (CON) or TB (TB) at 0.3% (as fed basis) for 7 weeks starting 1 week after birth. Calves were fed a calf starter and kleingrass from the beginning of the study. Blood samples were obtained weekly to measure blood glucose, serum β‐hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), and plasma GLP‐2 concentrations. Starter DMI and metabolizable energy (ME) intake were lower in TB calves at 46, 47, from 49 to 55 days after birth compared with the CON calves. However, any growth parameters were not affected by TB treatment. Blood glucose, serum BHBA, and IGF‐1 concentrations were not affected by TB supplementation. On the other hand, mean plasma GLP‐2 concentration among whole experimental period was higher for TB (0.60 ng/ml) compared with CON (0.41 ng/ml). In conclusion, feeding MR supplemented with TB increases plasma GLP‐2 concentration, which might counterbalance the growth performance of TB calves despite the decreased ME intake.
Effects of mediator competence and mediation process on user satisfaction with child custody, finances, and property outcomes
Authors: Wong Mooly Mei‐ching , Ma Joyce Lai‐Chong , Yuan Rhea Rui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study draws on survey data from 205 family mediation service users concerning their satisfaction with the outcomes of mediation to address two research questions: (a) how satisfied are service users? and (b) what factors account for users' satisfaction with the outcome of child custody arrangements and the allocation of finances and property? Overall, users' level of satisfaction with outcomes was high. While the mediation process explained a significant variance in satisfaction with the outcomes for child custody and for finances and property, the mediator's perceived professional competence did not predict user satisfaction with the outcomes for either issue. This study contributes to our knowledge on the significance of mediators' process skill, specifically their calm and clear responses to the socioemotional needs of the mediated parties, on the service outcomes for both types of dispute. The implications for mediation training are discussed.
Estimation of covariance matrix of multivariate longitudinal data using modified Choleksky and hypersphere decompositions
Authors: Lee Keunbaik , Cho Hyunsoon , Kwak Min‐Sun , Jang Eun Jin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLinear models are typically used to analyze multivariate longitudinal data. With these models, estimating the covariance matrix is not easy because the covariance matrix should account for complex correlated structures: the correlation between responses at each time point, the correlation within separate responses over time, and the cross‐correlation between different responses at different times. In addition, the estimated covariance matrix should satisfy the positive definiteness condition, and it may be heteroscedastic. However, in practice, the structure of the covariance matrix is assumed to be homoscedastic and highly parsimonious, such as exchangeable or autoregressive with order one. These assumptions are too strong and result in inefficient estimates of the effects of covariates. Several studies have been conducted to solve these restrictions using modified Cholesky decomposition (MCD) and linear covariance models. However, modeling the correlation between responses at each time point is not easy because there is no natural ordering of the responses. In this paper, we use MCD and hypersphere decomposition to model the complex correlation structures for multivariate longitudinal data. We observe that the estimated covariance matrix using the decompositions is positive‐definite and can be heteroscedastic and that it is also interpretable. The proposed methods are illustrated using data from a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease study.