bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keberagaman Tumbuhan Obat pada Hutan Rawa Gambut Sebangau, Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Denny Denny , Kalima Titi 
Published: February 2018

<p>Kalimantan Tengah memiliki keanekaragaman hutan rawa gambut yang berperan bagi gudang plasma nutfah khususnya tumbuhan obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status konservasi spesies tumbuhan obat, khususnya yang berhubungan dengan struktur dan komposisi serta keanekaragamannya. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode jalur berpetak, membuat 40 petak pengamatan berbagai tingkat pertumbuhan yang masing-masing berukuran 20 x 20 m,10 x 10 m, 5 x 5 m, dan 1 x 1 m dengan luas total 2,104 ha. Semua tumbuhan berbagai kelas diameter yang berada di dalam petak pengamatan dicatat, diukur, dan diidentifikasi. Kondisi vegetasi tumbuhan obat dicirikan oleh tingkat kerapatan pohon dengan rata-rata 93,140 batang/ha dan luas bidang dasar 10,606 m<sup>2</sup>/ha, tiang 622,50 batang/ha dan luas bidang dasar 17,1606 m<sup>2</sup>/ha, pancang 5450 batang/ha dan luas bidang dasar 41,712 m<sup>2</sup>/ha, serta semai tingkat kerapatan 6975 batang/ha. Dalam seluruh petak pengamatan terdapat 56 spesies tumbuhan obat termasuk dalam 48 marga dan 30 famili. Berdasarkan indeks nilai penting spesies, maka <em>Diospyros borneensis</em> Hiern, <em>Combretocarpus rotundus</em> Dans, merupakan spesies yang paling dominan, diikuti tingkat semai <em>Syzygium zeylanicum </em>(L.) DC. Nilai Indeks Keanekaragaman pada kisaran 1&lt; H'≤ 3. Terdapat enam spesies tumbuhan obat yang dilindungi berdasarkan PP. 7/1999, tiga spesies kedalam CITES dan 15 spesies termasuk dalam daftar IUCN.</p>
Proliferasi Kalus dan Induksi Embriogenesis Somatik Tanaman Sagu (Metroxylon saguRottb.) Menggunakan Tiga Metode Kultur: Sistem Perendaman Sesaat, Suspensi dan Media Padat
Authors: Riyadi Imron , Santoso Djoko , Purwoko Bambang S. , Efendi Darda 
Published: February 2018

<p><strong>Proliferasi Kalus dan Induksi Embriogenesis Somatik Tanaman Sagu (<em>Metroxylon sagu</em>Rottb.) Menggunakan Tiga </strong><strong>Metode</strong><strong> Kultur: Sistem Perendaman Sesaat, </strong><strong>S</strong><strong>uspensi</strong></p><p><strong> dan Media Padat</strong><strong>. Imron Riyadi, Djoko Santoso, Bambang S. Purwoko dan Darda Efendi.</strong><strong> </strong>Metode kultur in vitro yang tepat akan meningkatkan efektifitas dan efisiensi pada proses penggandaan kalus maupun induksi embriogenesis somatik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh metode kultur dan konsentrasi 2,4-D dalam proses penggandaan kalus maupun induksi embryogenesis somatic. Bahan tanam atau eksplan awal yang digunakan adalah kalus remah hasil induksi dari kultur meristem pucuk tunas anakan sagu. Kalus tersebut dikulturkan pada media Murashige dan Skoog modifikasi dengan penambahan 2,4-D 5,0 – 15,0 mg/L dikombinasikan dengan kinetin 0,1 mg/L yang menggunakan tiga metode kultur yaitu kultur suspensi, sistem perendaman sesaat (SPS) dan media padat, sehingga terdapat 12 kombinasi perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bobot segar kalus tertinggi sebesar 12,0 g/bejana yang dicapai pada perlakuan S D15K0,1 (kultur suspensi dengan konsentrasi ZPT berupa 2,4-D 15,0 mg/L dikombinasikan dengan kinetin 0,1 g/L). Perolehan jumlah embrio somatic tertinggi dicapai pada perlakuan S D5K0,1 (kultur suspensi dengan konsentrasi ZPT berupa 2,4-D 5,0 mg/L dikombinasikan dengan kinetin 0,1 g/L) sebesar 384,7 buah/bejana. Daya hidup kultur sagu terbaik dan tertinggi diperoleh pada metode kultur suspensi pada semua perlakuan konsentrasi 2,4-D yang mencapai 100%. Selama proses induksi embrio somatic, terjadi perubahan warna kalus dari sebagian besar kekuningan menjadi krem dan putih-kekuningan.</p>
Kekerabatan Beberapa Aksesi Padi Lokal Tahan Hama Penyakit Berdasarkan Analisis Polimorfisme Marka SSR
Authors: Susanto Untung , Satoto Satoto 
Published: February 2018

<p>Kegiatan karakterisasi secara genotipik merupakan salah satu sub kegiatan penting dalam pengelolaan plasma nutfah. Filogeni atau pohon kekerabatan berdasarkan data genotipik lebih mampu memperlihatkan berapa jarak genetik antar plasma nutfah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Filogeni dan jarak genetik antar plasma nutfah padi lokal unggul koleksi Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April – Desember 2015 di Laboratorium DNA Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi. Materi genetik yang digunakan adalah 15 padi lokal unggul dan varietas Ciherang yang merupakan varietas popular dilibatkan dalam penelitian sebagai kontrol. Analisa molekuler yang digunakan adalah analisa mikrosatelit SSR (<em>simple sequence repeat)</em> dengan jumlah marka SSR sebanyak 18. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terbentuk 3 kelompok/cluster besar pada pylogeni yang terbentuk. Cluster 1 terdiri dari genotype: Gadis Langsat, Kebo, Bandang sigadis, Ciherang, Jawa sleman, Marahmay, Takong, Ampek panjang, Benoraja, dan Siawak. Cluster 2 terdiri dari: Ase balucung, Ase bukne, Jadul, Pare lotong, dan Pare pulu. Cluster 3 terdiri dari varietas lokal Kapas. Jarak genetik paling jauh dimiliki antara Pare pulu dan Ampek panjang dengan koefisien jarak genetik 2.054. kekerabatan paling dekat dimiliki antara Siawak dan Padi kuning dengan jarak genetik 0.089.</p>
Tingkat Resistensi Helopeltis antonii (Hemiptera: Miridae) pada Tanaman Kakao terhadap Tiga Golongan Insektisida Sintetis
Authors: Utami Aidha , Dadang Dadang , Nurmansyah Ali , Laba I Wayan 
Published: February 2018

<em>In Indonesia, </em>Helopeltis antonii<em> Signoret is one damaging pest in cacao plant which may </em><em>cause 60% production loss. Farmers have been using synthetic insecticides to control it. However, insecticides use with inappropriate dose can lead to resistance. The research aimed to determine the resistance level of </em>H. antonii<em> </em><em>against three types of insecticides. The research was conducted at Green House of Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor. Collection of field population and interview of insecticides use was conducted at cacao plantation in Bogor, Ciamis, and Sukabumi, West Java from August 2016 to June 2017. The insect used was 3rd instar which divided into two groups, laboratory and field populations. Insecticides used contained active ingredients of chlorpyrifos (organophosphate), lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid), and thiamethoxam (neonicotinoid). Cucumber was used as feed substitute for the multiplication of </em>H. antonii<em> test. The e</em><em>xperiment was performed using five insecticide concentrations determined by preliminary test result. The relationships between insecticide concentration and insect mortality was analyzed by probit program. The interviews indicated that the insecticides widely used by farmers are pyrethroid type. The result demonstrated that field population of </em>H. antonii<em> </em><em>from Bogor and Ciamis were resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin with resistance ratio (RR) of 4.2 and 10.8, respectively, whereas population from Sukabumi had RR value of 1.2. All field population of </em>H. antonii<em> showed resistance indication against thiamethoxam with RR ranged </em><em>from 1.8 to 3.1. Resistance indication to chlorpyrifos was only shown by population from Bogor (RR 1.5).</em>
Estudio de resvestimientos con morteros modificados de sulfato calcico contra fuegos de alta intensidad para conducciones de tuberías en la industria petroquimica
Authors: Serna Jara Luis Miguel 
Published: February 2018

En la actualidad, la industria petroquímica representa uno de los mayores sectores económicos a nivel internacional. Desde, hace mucho tiempo se viene investigando en medios y medidas para la protección contra incendios en edificaciones, tanto de forma activa como pasiva. Sin embargo, muchas de estas investigaciones se han llevado a la práctica en edificaciones e instalaciones industriales, pero se ha convertido en una asignatura pendiente el estudio sobre infraestructuras e instalaciones particulares de un nivel de riesgo alto, como pueden ser las plantas petroquímicas y sus instalaciones. Con este estudio, se pretende llevar acabo el análisis de un material como es el mortero de yeso como aplicación de revestimiento de protección contra incendio, de forma pasiva, en las tuberías de fluidos de distribución en las plantas petroquímicas. La finalidad es que la aplicación de morteros modificados de sulfato de calcio, sea un elemento que contribuya a la protección de dichas tuberías ante posibles incendios y/o explosiones de origen diverso.
Digestión de alimentos: Tendencias en los modelos de digestión in vitro
Authors: Lucas González Raquel 
Published: February 2018

Los ensayos de digestión in vitro simulan las condiciones fisiológicas de la digestión in vivo. Son, por lo tanto, valiosas herramientas para el estudio y comprensión de los cambios, interacciones, así como biodisponibilidad y bioaccesibilidad de los nutrientes, fármacos y compuestos no-nutritivos. Es una técnica ampliamente utilizada en campos como la nutrición, farmacología o química de los alimentos. En los últimos 40 años se han publicado más de 18.000 artículos de investigación que emplean ensayos de digestión in vitro para dilucidar múltiples cuestiones como la digestibilidad de proteínas, las interacciones entre nutrientes o la viabilidad de microorganismos encapsulados. La tendencia más reciente en el uso de esta técnica recae en la determinación de la actividad antioxidante de los compuestos bioactivos tras la digestión. No obstante, la incapacidad de reproducir ciertos eventos de la digestión in vivo, así como, los múltiples modelos de digestión in vitro que existen, ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de optimizar y validar el método con ensayos in vivo para determinar sus limitaciones y usos. El estado actual de la técnica, así como las nuevas tendencias en su aplicación son el objetivo del presente trabajo.
Efectos negativos de la flexibilidad laboral
Authors: Mayor Serra Antonio J. 
Published: February 2018

La presente revisión teórica ha tenido como objetivo ahondar sobre sobre los riesgos de pérdida de productividad como consecuencia de entornos que inducen a la desviación entre los intereses de empresa y trabajador, y que son reflejo de la excesiva flexibilización del mercado de trabajo, dando origen a comportamientos que implican la no transmisión de información y conocimiento entre agentes, provocando el deterioro en la capacidad de crecimiento e innovación de las organizaciones.
Dispersed operating time control of a mechanical switch actuated by an ultrasonic motor
Authors: Li Xiaoniu , Yao Zhiyuan , Zhou Lifeng , Zhou Shengli 
Published: February 2018

The ultrasonic motor is an uncertain time-varying nonlinear system because of the nonlinearity of the piezoelectric material, the friction and the temperature. For example, the operating time of the mechanical switch actuated by the ultrasonic motor in regular stroke is highly dispersed. Unfortunately, it is difficult to establish accurate mathematical model. In this paper, an analytical autoregressive process model (AR) is employed to identify and control the ultrasonic motor. First of all, dispersed operating time of the mechanical switch actuated by the ultrasonic motor is investigated. Then, the AR model is established to predict the operating time of the ultrasonic motor on the basis of the statistical data to reduce the nonlinear behavior of the ultrasonic motor, and to improve the accuracy and obtain a good time response of the switch. The simulation results are agreed with experimental results, confirming the effectiveness of proposed model. Furthermore, we adopt the predicted result of the AR model to control the mechanical switch actuated by the ultrasonic motor. The analytical investigation is fulfilled with two target operating time ranges, namely 12 ms and 24 ms. Comparison of the results obtained from the AR model and the experimentation reveal that the standard deviations are less than 95.3 μs and 102.7 μs with maximum errors equal to 0.41 % and 0.44 % respectively. Thereby, the proposed dispersed operating time control is performed. Findings indicate that the maximum errors for the operating time of the mechanical switch are less than 140 μs and 110 μs with ±0.85 % and ±0.42 % respectively.
Vibration model and frequency characteristics of the piezoelectric transducer in airflow-induced acoustic generator
Authors: Wang Gensheng , Cai Jianyu , Sun Jiacun , Zou Huajie , Chen Hejuan 
Published: February 2018

Piezoelectric transducers, which convert airflow induced vibrational energy into electrical energy, can be applied to self-powered supply and auxiliary power supply for various aircraft electronic systems. Micro-ringtone airflow piezoelectric generator, designed by the principle of airflow induced acoustic, is one kind among them. The vibrating piezoelectric generator, is usually mounted on the aircraft during the flight. The incoming airflow produces hydrodynamic acoustic source, which is the vibration source of the piezoelectric generator, actively vibrates the piezoelectric plate to convert energy. According to the vibration theory, a one-dimensional vibration model of piezoelectric generator with fixed peripheral pressure, under hydrodynamic excitation is established. The vibration and frequency characteristics of the piezoelectric transducers are analyzed by measuring the sound pressure and the piezoelectric generator voltage. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the frequency of hydrodynamic acoustic source is slightly lower than that of piezoelectric generator’s natural frequency. Maximum output power is obtained when the inflow speed is in the range of 128 m/s-148 m/s, the corresponding hydrodynamic acoustic source frequency is 6.9 %-8.7 % lower than the natural frequency of the piezoelectric generator. Excitation force Fex and the displacements of piezoelectric plate are in same frequency. But Fex is ahead of phase angle ψ than the displacement of piezoelectric plate.
Structural state inspection using dual-tree quaternion wavelet transform
Authors: Ren Tongqun , Hui Meiling , Wang Xiaodong , Zhang Zhiyong , Liang Junsheng 
Published: February 2018

The dual-tree quaternion wavelet transform (QWT) was used in conjunction with quaternion-based three-channel joint transmissibility (QTJT) for state inspection. Multiple QTJTs from the same structural state were used to construct a state matrix, which was considered as a feature image. Then QWT coefficients of the feature image were calculated. It supported one magnitude and three phases, in particular, the low-frequency magnitude-phase was set as state feature index. Ultimately, the difference of the state feature indexes were utilized as the state indicator. This method reduced the influence on state inspection caused by measurement uncertainty of single testing sample, because it took overall consideration of multiple testing samples and described the similarity from multiple directions. The availability of suggested method was demonstrated by a real experiment, in which the state changing was realized by loosening fasteners and altering the longitudinal force of rail. This method was also compared with method based on Karhunen-Loeve Transform (K-LT) and artificial neural network (ANN). Experimental result indicated that the suggested method was integrated optimal, moreover, the resolution of the longitudinal force of rail was less than 10 MPa which was equivalent to temperature change of 1.75 °C for full-lock rail.
Numerical simulation and optimization for electromagnetic noises of permanent magnet synchronous motors in vehicles
Authors: Bai Gai Yan 
Published: February 2018

In the paper, the numerical simulation is conducted on the motor electromagnetic force firstly. Radial force waves of the motor are the main reason for causing electromagnetic vibration and noise. Then, electromagnetic forces are mapped into a structural model for computing electromagnetic vibration. Computational results are compared with experimental results, so the correctness of the computational model is verified. Then, electromagnetic noises are computed according to the vibration data of the motor. Electromagnetic noises of the motor are axis-symmetric in plane X and plane Z. In plane Y, the electromagnetic noise of the motor is skew-symmetric relative to a 45° angle. In plane X and plane Z, the noise is caused by the vibration of the end cap, while noise in plane Y is caused by electromagnetic radial forces. In addition, the motor electromagnetic noise has an obvious directivity. The motor also has obvious peak noises at 300 Hz, 400 Hz, 500 Hz, 600 Hz, 900 Hz, 1200 Hz, 1500 Hz and 1800 Hz. Peak noises are corresponding to 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th, 18th, 24, 30th and 36th orders of the motor. Finally, modal participation factors of the motor within the analyzed frequency are computed. Results showed that modals at the 3rd, 5th, 12th and 15th orders of the motor have most obvious impacts on electromagnetic noises. In particular, the 3rd order modal shape obviously affects electromagnetic noises. The electromagnetic noise is reduced by applying reinforced bars and damping layer to these key modal shapes, especially the peak noise. The total noise of the original structure is 58 dB, while the total noise of the improved structure is 52.3 dB. Obviously, the total noise is reduced by 9.8 %.
Performance-based seismic assessment of a large concrete framed structure supporting multi-units of heavy compressors
Authors: Jan Song Fong 
Published: February 2018

In a liquefied nature gas (LNG) plant, a large concrete framed structure supporting multi-units of heavy compressors was designed in accordance with ACI 318-08 code requirements and ASCE 7-05seismic loads. When applied to new structures, provisions of ACI 318 are intended to provide Life Safety (LS) performance for the Design Basis Earthquake (DBE). Due to the important function of the compressors, this study will perform a seismic assessment of the Table Top Pedestal to assure adequate capacity of preventing collapse from Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) and only having limited structural damage under a moderate (MOD) 20%@50 years earthquake event. In this study, the Linear Dynamic Procedure (LDP) of ASCE 41-13 is used for the seismic performance evaluation of the table top structure. The structural modeling parameters and acceptance criteria of structural performances are based on Chapter 10 of ASCE 41-13. Soil-structural interaction and P-Delta effects are considered in the analysis process. The response spectra of the three levels of seismic hazards of DBE, MCE and MOD earthquake were developed for response spectra analysis. The procedures presented in this study can be used as a general guideline for Performance-Based Design of most reinforced concrete structures located in industrial plants.
A multiscale time-space approach to analyze and categorize the precipitation fluctuation based on the wavelet transform and information theory concept
Authors: Roushangar Kiyoumars , Nourani Vahid , Alizadeh Farhad 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe present study proposed a time-space framework using discrete wavelet transform-based multiscale entropy (DWE) approach to analyze and spatially categorize the precipitation variation in Iran. To this end, historical monthly precipitation time series during 1960–2010 from 31 rain gauges were used in this study. First, wavelet-based de-noising approach was applied to diminish the effect of noise in precipitation time series which may affect the entropy values. Next, Daubechies (db) mother wavelets (db5–db10) were used to decompose the precipitation time series. Subsequently, entropy concept was applied to the sub-series to measure the uncertainty and disorderliness at multiple scales. According to the pattern of entropy across scales, each cluster was assigned an entropy signature that provided an estimation of the entropy pattern of precipitation in each cluster. Spatial categorization of rain gauges was performed using DWE values as input data to k-means and self-organizing map (SOM) clustering techniques. According to evaluation criteria, it was proved that k-means with clustering number equal to 5 with Silhouette coefficient=0.33, Davis–Bouldin=1.18 and Dunn index=1.52 performed better in determining homogenous areas. Finally, investigating spatial structure of precipitation variation revealed that the DWE had a decreasing and increasing relationship with longitude and latitude, respectively, in Iran.
Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and chromium in well water, rice, and human urine in Sri Lanka in relation to chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology
Authors: S. Herath H. M. Ayala , Kawakami Tomonori , Nagasawa Shiori , Serikawa Yuka , Motoyama Ayuri , Chaminda G. G. Tushara , Weragoda S. K. , Yatigammana S. K. , Amarasooriya A. A. G. D. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is spreading gradually in Sri Lanka. In the current research, 1,435 well water samples from all 25 districts of Sri Lanka, 91 rice samples, and 84 human urine samples from both CKDu-endemic and non-endemic areas in Sri Lanka were analyzed for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and chromium to detect whether toxic elements could be a cause of CKDu. The liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) concentration and arsenic, cadmium, lead, and chromium concentrations of the urine samples were analyzed to determine the relation of L-FABP with arsenic, cadmium, lead, and chromium. High concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and chromium were not detected in the well water samples from CKDu-endemic areas. Arsenic, cadmium, and lead contents in the rice samples from both CKDu-endemic and non-endemic areas were well below the Codex standard. There were no relationships between the L-FABP concentration and concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and chromium in urine. In addition, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and chromium concentrations in human urine samples from CKDu-endemic areas were not significantly different from those from non-endemic areas. These findings indicated that arsenic, cadmium, lead, and chromium could not cause CKDu.
Carbon nanotubes as antimicrobial agents for water disinfection and pathogen control
Authors: Liu Dan , Mao Yiqin , Ding Lijun 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Waterborne diseases significantly affect human health and are responsible for high mortality rates worldwide. Antibiotics have been known for decades for treatment of bacterial strains and their overuse and irrational applications are causing increasing bacteria resistance. Therefore, there is a strong need to find alternative ways for efficient water disinfection and microbial control. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have demonstrated strong antimicrobial properties due to their remarkable structure. This paper reviews the antimicrobial properties of CNTs, discusses diverse mechanisms of action against microorganisms as well as their applicability for water disinfection and microbial control. Safety concerns, challenges of CNTs as antimicrobial agents and future opportunities for their application in the water remediation process are also highlighted.