bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an administrative definition for celiac disease
Authors: Duerksen Donald R. , Lix Lisa M. , Leslie William D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
The investigation and management of celiac disease places a high burden on the health care system. Accurate methods to ascertain cases of celiac disease (CD) in population-based administrative data can facilitate epidemiologic and health services research to guide disease management. The study aim was to develop and validate administrative data case definitions for CD to facilitate further studies about the effect of CD on osteoporosis and fracture risk.

Results
Population-based data from the Manitoba Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Program registry, which contains medical information on all individuals in the province of Manitoba, Canada who have received BMD testing, was used to define the study cohort. Linked hospital discharge abstracts and physician billing claims were used to ascertain diagnoses of celiac disease in administrative data. A population-based CD serologic registry was used as the validation database. One diagnosis code in hospital discharge abstracts or two or more diagnosis codes in physician billing claims optimized the detection of positive celiac serology with sensitivity of 84% (95% CI 80–88%), specificity of 97% (95% CI 80–88%), PPV of 80% (95% CI 80–88%), and NPV of 97% (95% CI 80–88%). Our administrative data case definition for celiac disease demonstrates good sensitivity and specificity for detecting positive celiac serology.
Stromal vascular fraction promotes migration of fibroblasts and angiogenesis through regulation of extracellular matrix in the skin wound healing process
Authors: Bi Hongsen , Li Hui , Zhang Chen , Mao Yiqing , Nie Fangfei , Xing Ying , Sha Wuga , Wang Xi , Irwin David M. , Tan Huanran 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
A refractory wound is a typical complication of diabetes and is a common outcome after surgery. Current approaches have difficulty in improving wound healing. Recently, non-expanded stromal vascular fraction (SVF), which is derived from mature fat, has opened up new directions for the treatment of refractory wound healing. The aim of the current study is to systematically investigate the impact of SVF on wound healing, including the rate and characteristics of wound healing, ability of fibroblasts to migrate, and blood transport reconstruction, with a special emphasis on their precise molecular mechanisms.

Methods
SVF was isolated by digestion, followed by filtration and centrifugation, and then validated by immunocytochemistry, a MTS proliferation assay and multilineage potential analysis. A wound model was generated by creating 6-mm-diameter wounds, which include a full skin defect, on the backs of streptozocin-induced hyperglycemic mice. SVF or human adipose-derived stem cell (hADSC) suspensions were subcutaneously injected, and the wounds were characterized over a 9-day period by photography and measurements. A scratch test was used to determine whether changes in the migratory ability of fibroblasts occurred after co-culture with hADSCs. Angiogenesis was observed with human umbilical vein endothelial cells. mRNA from fibroblasts, endotheliocyte, and skin tissue were sequenced by high-throughput RNAseq, and differentially expressed genes, and pathways, potentially regulated by SVF or hADSCs were bioinformatically analyzed.

Results
Our data show that hADSCs have multiple characteristics of MSC. SVF and hADSCs significantly improved wound healing in hyperglycemic mice. hADSCs improve the migratory ability of fibroblasts and capillary structure formation in HUVECs. SVF promotes wound healing by focusing on angiogenesis and matrix remodeling.

Conclusions
Both SVF and hADSCs improve the function of fibroblast and endothelial cells, regulate gene expression, and promote skin healing. Various mechanisms likely are involved, including migration of fibroblasts, tubulogenesis of endothelial cells through regulation of cell adhesion, and cytokine pathways.
Impact of natural light exposure on delirium burden in adult patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU: a prospective study
Authors: Smonig Roland , Magalhaes Eric , Bouadma Lila , Andremont Olivier , de Montmollin Etienne , Essardy Fatiah , Mourvillier Bruno , Lebut Jordane , Dupuis Claire , Neuville Mathilde , Lermuzeaux Mathilde , Timsit Jean-François , Sonneville Romain 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether potential exposure to natural light via windows is associated with reduced delirium burden in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU in a single room.

Design
Prospective single-center study.

Setting
Medical ICU of a university hospital, Paris, France.

Patients
Adult patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation.

Methods
Consecutive patients admitted to a single room with (LIGHT group) or without (DARK group) exposure to natural light via windows were evaluated for delirium. The primary endpoint was the incidence of delirium. Main secondary endpoints included incidence of severe agitation intervened with antipsychotics and incidence of hallucinations.

Results
A total of 195 patients were included (LIGHT group: n = 110; DARK group: n = 85). The incidence of delirium was similar in the LIGHT group and the DARK group (64% vs. 71%; relative risk (RR) 0.89, 95% CI 0.73–1.09). Compared with the DARK group, patients from the LIGHT group were less likely to be intervened with antipsychotics for agitation episodes (13% vs. 25%; RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.27–0.98) and had less frequent hallucinations (11% vs. 22%; RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.24–0.98). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, natural light exposure was independently associated with a reduced risk of agitation episodes intervened with antipsychotics (adjusted odds ratio = 0.39; 95% CI 0.17–0.88).

Conclusion
Admission to a single room with potential exposure to natural light via windows was not associated with reduced delirium burden, as compared to admission to a single room without windows. However, natural light exposure was associated with a reduced risk of agitation episodes and hallucinations.
Situation awareness modeling for emergency management on offshore platforms
Authors: Danial Syed Nasir , Smith Jennifer , Khan Faisal , Veitch Brian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Situation awareness is the first and most important step in emergency management. It is a dynamic step involving evolving conditions and environments. It is an area of active research. This study presents a Markov Logic Network to model SA focusing on fire accidents and emergency evacuation. The model has been trained using empirical data obtained from case studies. The case studies involved human participants who were trained for responding to emergencies involving fire and smoke using a virtual environment. The simulated (queried) and empirical findings are reasonably consistent. The proposed model enables implementing an agent that exploits environmental cues and cognitive states to determine the type of emergency currently being faced. Considering each emergency type as a situation, the model can be used to develop a repertoire of situations for agents so that the repertoire can act as an agent’s experience for later decision-making.
Trends and spatial distributions of HIV prevalence in Ethiopia
Authors: Kibret Getiye Dejenu , Ferede Aster , Leshargie Cheru Tesema , Wagnew Fasil , Ketema Daniel Bekele , Alebel Animut 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Globally, by the end of 2018, 37.9 million people were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Sub-Saharan Africa carries the highest burden with an estimated 71% of the global total. In Ethiopia, an estimated 715 404 people were living with HIV in 2015 and this increased to 722 248 in 2017. This study was to explore the trends and spatial distributions of HIV cases in Ethiopia.

Methods
In this study, we explored the spatial and temporal distribution of persons living with HIV in Ethiopia using data from 2005, 2011, and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS). Geographic information system (Getis-Ord Gi* statistics) and spatial scan statistics (SaTScan) were used for exploratory and confirmatory spatial analyses respectively.

Results
The overall prevalence of HIV in Ethiopia unveiled inconsistent trends, with the majority of areas showing decreasing trends. Hot spot clusters exhibited in all the three surveys, which include areas where Amhara, Afar and Tigray regions share neighbourhoods. In 2005 regionally, Gambella, Addis Ababa, and Harari had the highest prevalence at 6.0, 4.7 and 3.5%, respectively. While in the 2016 survey the highest prevalence (4.8%) was observed in Gambella regional state followed by Addis Ababa (3.4%).

Conclusions
The distribution of HIV infection in Ethiopia is not random in all the three EDHS surveys. High clusters of HIV cases were consistently observed in Addis Ababa and neighbouring areas of the Afar Tigray and Amhara regional states and central Oromia. This analysis revealed that there are still areas which need studying with respect to the epidemic of HIV. In this regard Addis Ababa, certain areas of Amhara regional state, large areas of Afar region and central Oromia require special attention.
Do changes in divorce legislation have an impact on divorce rates? The case of unilateral divorce in Mexico
Authors: Aguirre Edith 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn 2008, Mexico City was the first entity to approve unilateral divorce in Mexico. Since then, 17 states out of 31 have also moved to eliminate fault-based divorce. In this paper, I investigate the effect of the changes in unilateral legislation on divorce rates in Mexico, given the remarkable growth of divorce rates over the past few decades in the country, but especially after the introduction of unilateral divorce. Following a difference-in-differences methodology, two models are developed using panel state-level data. The results indicate that divorce on no grounds accounts for a 26.4% increase in the total number of divorces in the adopting states during the period 2009–2015. Moreover, since no-fault divorce has been implemented gradually in the country, the rising trend in divorce rates is expected to continue over the coming years. Unilateral legislation has proved to be an effective tool in modifying family structures in Mexico, so it is important to be aware of the short- and medium-term consequences of the shift toward divorce on no grounds, in order to improve the delivery of these policies in the country. This is especially important at this point in time, when 14 remaining states may potentially adopt unilateral legislation. This paper is the first one to address the effect of adopting unilateral divorce in the context of a Latin American country.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Application of 4% chlorhexidine to the umbilical cord stump of newborn infants in lower income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Roba Aklilu Abrham , Tefera Maleda , Worku Teshager , Dasa Tamirat Tesfaye , Estifanos Abiy Seifu , Assefa Nega 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
There are conflicting results from large randomized controlled trials in different populations regarding the effectiveness of topical application of 4% chlorhexidine to the umbilical stump of newborn infants at reducing neonatal mortality. Meta-analysis and systematic review of trials performed in South Asia and Europe support 4% chlorhexidine application to reduce neonatal mortality, whereas trials performed in Sub-Saharan Africa do not. The aim of this review is to determine the effectiveness of 4% chlorhexidine application to the umbilical stump of newborn infants born in lower income countries in order to reduce neonatal mortality when compared with usual cord care.
Our search strategy included randomized trials published between January1st 2000 and September 4th, 2018, that compared 4% chlorhexidine with usual cord care (“dry cord care”). The outcome variable of interest was neonatal mortality. Pooled relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model were calculated. Nine trials were included, from six countries: Zambia, Tanzania, Bangladesh, Nepal, India and Pakistan, with a total of 257,153 participants. Five studies (N = 119,833) reported neonatal mortality. There was a 21% reduction in neonatal mortality among with 4% chlorhexidine application: pooled RR (95% CI) 0.79 (0.69–0.90), P = 0.0005. The incidence of omphalitis was decreased by 35% with 4% chlorhexidine (6 studies, N = 108,263): pooled RR (95% CI) 0.65 (0.56–0.75), P = 0.00001. Chlorhexidine application delayed the umbilical cord separation time (4 studies, N = 28,917): mean difference (95% CI) 2.71 (2.63–2.78) days.
In conclusion, this systematic review found that topical application of 4% chlorhexidine to the umbilical cord stump of newborn infants in lower income countries significantly reduces the incidence of neonatal mortality. Chlorhexidine also reduces the incidence of omphalitis, but prolongs umbilical cord separation time.

Trial registration
Systematic Review Registration: CRD42018109280.
Maxillary reconstruction using tunneling flap technique with 3D custom-made titanium mesh plate and particulate cancellous bone and marrow graft: a case report
Authors: Takano Masayuki , Sugahara Keisuke , Koyachi Masahide , Odaka Kento , Matsunaga Satoru , Homma Shinya , Abe Shinichi , Katakura Akira , Shibahara Takahiko 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Reconstructive surgery is often required for tumors of the oral and maxillofacial region, irrespective of whether they are benign or malignant, the area involved, and the tumor size. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) models are increasingly used in reconstructive surgery. However, these models have rarely been adapted for the fabrication of custom-made reconstruction materials. In this report, we present a case of maxillary reconstruction using a laboratory-engineered, custom-made mesh plate from a 3D model.

Case presentation
The patient was a 56-year-old female, who had undergone maxillary resection in 2011 for intraoral squamous cell carcinoma that presented as a swelling of the anterior maxillary gingiva. Five years later, there was no recurrence of the malignant tumor and a maxillary reconstruction was planned. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a large bony defect in the dental-alveolar area of the anterior maxilla. Using the CT data, a 3D model of the maxilla was prepared, and the site of reconstruction determined. A custom-made mesh plate was fabricated using the 3D model (Okada Medical Supply, Tokyo, Japan). We performed the reconstruction using the custom-made titanium mesh plate and the particulate cancellous bone and marrow graft from her iliac bone. We employed the tunneling flap technique without alveolar crest incision, to prevent surgical wound dehiscence, mesh exposure, and alveolar bone loss. Ten months later, three dental implants were inserted in the graft. Before the final crown setting, we performed a gingivoplasty with palate mucosal graft. The patient has expressed total satisfaction with both the functional and esthetic outcomes of the procedure.

Conclusion
We have successfully performed a maxillary and dental reconstruction using a custom-made, pre-bent titanium mesh plate.
Spermatogonial Type 3 Deiodinase Regulates Thyroid Hormone Target Genes in Developing Testicular Somatic Cells
Authors: Martinez M Elena , Lary Christine W , Karaczyn Aldona A , Griswold Michael D , Hernandez Arturo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPremature overexposure to thyroid hormone causes profound effects on testis growth, spermatogenesis, and male fertility. We used genetic mouse models of type 3 deiodinase (DIO3) deficiency to determine the genetic programs affected by premature thyroid hormone action and to define the role of DIO3 in regulating thyroid hormone economy in testicular cells. Gene expression profiling in the neonatal testis of DIO3-deficient mice identified 5699 differentially expressed genes. Upregulated and downregulated genes were, respectively, involved according to DAVID analysis with cell differentiation and proliferation. They included anti-Müllerian hormone and genes involved in the formation of the blood–testis barrier, which are specific to Sertoli cells (SCs). They also included steroidogenic genes, which are specific to Leydig cells. Comparison with published data sets of genes enriched in SCs and spermatogonia, and responsive to retinoic acid (RA), identified a subset of genes that were regulated similarly by RA and thyroid hormone. This subset of genes showed an expression bias, as they were downregulated when enriched in spermatogonia and upregulated when enriched in SCs. Furthermore, using a genetic approach, we found that DIO3 is not expressed in SCs, but spermatogonia-specific inactivation of DIO3 led to impaired testis growth, reduced SC number, decreased cell proliferation and, especially during neonatal development, altered gene expression specific to somatic cells. These findings indicate that spermatogonial DIO3 protects testicular cells from untimely thyroid hormone signaling and demonstrate a mechanism of cross-talk between somatic and germ cells in the neonatal testis that involves the regulation of thyroid hormone availability and action.
Materialities of Memory
Authors: DeLucia Christine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Across the Northeast, Indigenous people and colonial New Englanders have fashioned myriad expressions of memory that attest to certain versions of conflicted pasts. On one hand, colonial remembrances of violence and upheaval are abundant and amply legible in local historical societies, historical markers, family heirlooms, and many other forms of memorialization. Yet this seeming abundance of memory arises from equally powerful kinds of forgetting: collective colonial amnesias that endeavor to erase, sideline, overwrite, or delegitimize other dimensions of exceedingly complex histories and conceptions of homelands. This essay adopts a fresh focus on Indigenous/colonial remembrances through the lens of materiality, considering the wider historiographical and theoretical implications of recentering tangible objects and landscapes as conduits connecting past, present, and future. Physical objects interact with both mainstream and marginalized narratives in vital ways, opening pathways for profoundly interdisciplinary, multimedia accountings of the nature and changing forms of “memory” in early America. The essay reassesses a wooden pegboard from an Anglo-American dwelling said to have survived an Indigenous attack during King Philip’s War (1675–78). Using decolonizing methodologies, it conveys dramatically more complex conceptions of the past—and of ongoing Indigenous presence and resilience—than stories devised and maintained by Euro-American antiquarians have typically relayed.
Jesmyn Ward’s Post-Katrina Black Feminism
Authors: Henry Alvin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article intervenes in the debates on African American memory. After Hurricane Katrina, African Americans had to flee the Gulf, and this created a contemporary new diaspora, which shattered the traditional means of transmitting memories—extended families’ stories—as communities separated. The article analyzes Jesmyn Ward’s response to this evisceration and dispersion of Black memory in Salvage the Bones. She develops “salvaging,” which is a new form of memory and which this article juxtaposes to Toni Morrison’s concept of “rememory.” Instead of rememory’s traumas, Ward suggests that southern Blacks capture the everyday to mitigate the uncertainty of their lives. Salvaging entails scavenging old memories and rememories to forge an amalgamation of overlapping, colliding, and repurposed memories. Salvaging forges independent memory bubbles that can be reentered by descendants to celebrate the periodic losses. This article illuminates a revolutionary system of Black memory making and transmission.
Living Memory, Embodied Experience, and What Gets Lost in the Story of Alexander Pope’sThe Rape of the Lock
Authors: Richards Cynthia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis essay uses Alexander Pope’s celebrated poem The Rape of the Lock as a case study for understanding how to read literature in a way that is more cognizant of loss and for understanding the role of active and embodied remembering in doing so. It frames the poem as a type of literary memorial and then posits a different way of reading it as a form of active remembering and traumatic return. The essay also points toward the insights of disability studies and how that framework allows a definition of the human that sees loss as constitutive and hence “normal” rather than singular. The essay concludes by gesturing toward how the meaning/memory of this poem is ongoing and “subject to negotiation”—as Michael Rothberg argues in Multidirectional Memory—as shaped by current events just as it was shaped by the politics of its time.
Graphic Memory, Connective Histories, and Dalit Trauma
Authors: Nayar Pramod K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe collage-style merging of histories of oppression in Srividya Natarajan and Aparajita Ninan’s A Gardener in the Wasteland is an exercise in memorializing. Here memorialization has its ontological and etiological foundations in the Dalit narratives’ fusion, without reduction, of different histories of oppression. The national signifier of caste appropriates the global form of the graphic narrative. The spatial rhetorics of the graphic page enable Dalit memories to locate themselves in the global memory landscape. Together, these generate a “concentrationary imaginary.”
The Memory of Words
Authors: Gervasio Nicole Marie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis essay identifies a major blind spot in comparative memory studies despite the field’s recent “transcultural” turn: the danger of earmarking select globally recognized atrocities—specifically, the Holocaust, transatlantic slavery, and the Rwandan genocide—as emblematic analogies for renewed racial violence against marginalized groups. The essay points to a tendency to refer to these three events as limit cases for state-sanctioned violence in both public and academic commentary on rising authoritarianism. These events risk being reduced to monoliths, and the enormity of the crime eclipses the specific historical and cultural implications at stake in our contemporary moment. The essay calls on memory theorists to more aggressively scrutinize less ubiquitous, even previously peripheral histories tied to the interconnected legacies of colonialism, state terror, and slavery. As an example, this essay contrasts common comparisons between monolithic events and Donald Trump’s anti-immigrant rhetoric with the 1937 Parsley Massacre, a lesser-known genocide motivated by populist discontent in the Dominican Republic, depicted in Edwidge Danticat’s novel The Farming of Bones. Seeking more nuanced comparisons not only challenges us to better understand the details of contemporary fascism but also reinforces the remembrance of less-known atrocities at risk for erasure in world history.
Teaching students to write about art: Results of a fouryear patchwork text project
Authors: Staff Craig , Farmer Robert 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article presents the findings from a four-year project designed to gather undergraduate Fine Art students' perceptions of replacing an essay with a Patchwork Text Assessment (PTA), a form of assessment in which a series of self-contained, thematically related patches are written at regular intervals over a series of weeks or months and are then stitched together with a final meta-patch exploring the unity and interrelatedness of the individual patches. On completion of the PTA, students were asked a series of questions about their experiences, and analysis of their responses showed that they had found completing the PTA more difficult, more enjoyable and more rewarding than writing an essay. Importantly, there were no suggestions that the PTA had dumbed down assessment practices, nor was there an increase in the workload of the academic staff supporting and assessing the PTA.