bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) assisted mediastinal tumor resection and superior vena cava replacement are safe and feasible
Authors: Zhang Shixin , Tan Deli , Wu Wei , He Bo , Jing Tao , Tang Meng , Wu Tao , Liu Hongxiang , Zhang Ming , Zhou Ni , Tang Lingfeng , Chen Qiao , Tang Jinghua , Xia Mei , Huang Aihong , Liao Yi , Qiu Yang , Wang Haidong 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundHow to maximally improve the drainage of intracranial and upper body venous and to reduce neurological complications during thoracic tumor‐causedsuperior vena cava replacement are still clinical problems to be solved.MethodsWe have innovatively used the bilateral jugular vein‐left femoral vein ECMO shunting to perform mediastinal tumor resection and superior vena cava replacement in a 50‐year‐old woman.ResultsDuring the operation, this technique maintained the patient's hemodynamic stability, improved the cerebral oxygen saturation and reduced the cerebral ischemia, hypoxia as well as the neurological complications.ConclusionIt is indicated for patients with superior vena cava replacement who are unable to perform venous bypass (such as innominate vein to right atrial bypass) or venous shunting (such as differential pressure drainage from internal jugular vein to femoral vein).
The number of lateral hypothalamus orexin/hypocretin neurons contributes to individual differences in cocaine demand
Authors: Pantazis Caroline B. , James Morgan H. , Bentzley Brandon S. , Aston‐Jones Gary 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLateral hypothalamus (LH) orexin neuron signaling has been implicated in the motivation to seek and take drugs of abuse. The number of LH orexin neurons has been shown to be upregulated with exposure to drugs of abuse. We sought to determine if the number of LH orexin neurons related to individual differences in motivation (demand) for cocaine in our behavioral economics (BE) paradigm, and whether knockdown of these cells predicted changes in economic demand. We quantified LH orexin cell numbers in animals immediately following our BE paradigm, as well as after a 2‐week period of abstinence, to relate the number of LH orexin cells to economic demand for cocaine. We also knocked down LH orexin expression with an orexin morpholino antisense to determine how reduced orexin numbers impacted cocaine demand. We found that animals with greater baseline motivation for cocaine (lower demand elasticity) had more LH orexin neurons. Following a 2‐week abstinence from cocaine, the number of LH orexin neurons predicted economic demand for cocaine prior to abstinence, indicating that orexin expression is a persistent marker for demand. Reducing LH orexin cell numbers with antisense decreased motivation for cocaine (increased demand elasticity) without affecting baseline consumption. In addition, the number of spared LH orexin neurons after antisense treatment correlated with individual motivation for cocaine. These studies point to a role for the endogenous number of LH orexin neurons in individual differences in motivation for cocaine.
Landscape characteristics of non‐native pine plantations and invasions in Southern Chile
Authors: Curtis Caroline A. , Pasquarella Valerie J. , Bradley Bethany A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe spread of non‐native conifers into areas naturally dominated by other vegetation types is a growing problem in South America. This process results in a landscape transformation as the conifers suppress native vegetation leading to reduced biodiversity, lower water availability and altered nutrient dynamics. Previous research highlights the broad spatial extents of land cover change in parts of Chile. However, in Southern Chile, the extent of plantations and the landscape characteristics associated with plantations and ongoing pine invasions are poorly understood. Here, we characterised non‐native pine land cover within one Landsat scene (World Reference System 2 Path 232/Row 92; ~34 000 km2) in Southern Chile. We created training data based on historical high‐resolution imagery, derived land cover predictors from time series of Landsat observations and used a Random Forest classifier to map the distribution of non‐native pines. The overall classification accuracy was 88%, and the accuracy of the non‐native pine class exceeded 90%. Although 71% of non‐native pine patches were within 500 m of other non‐native pine patches, isolated non‐native pine patches were found to occur up to 55 km from the nearest neighbour. These distant plantations could exacerbate invasion risk by creating propagule sources for novel invasion fronts. In relation to landscape characteristics, non‐native pines were found to be more likely to occur in low slope and mid‐elevation areas. Because most of the study area is native forest, most non‐native pine patches border native forest. However, non‐native pine patches were almost three times more likely than random patches to border grass/agriculture. This suggests that grasslands and disturbed sites, which have low resistance to non‐native pine invasion, are disproportionately exposed to pine propagules. Our results indicate that non‐native pine plantations are extensive across Southern Chile, and well poised to cause future invasion.
A genome‐wide association study for gestation length in swine
Authors: See G. M. , Trenhaile‐Grannemann M. D. , Spangler M. L. , Ciobanu D. C. , Mote B. E. 
Published: July 2019

SummarySelection for increased litter size in swine has potentially resulted in a correlated increase in preweaning mortality. Additional selection criteria should be considered when selecting for increased litter size to account for associated decreases in piglet quality, specifically piglet survival, initial weight and growth. Traits such as gestation length (GL), which have been associated with piglet performance, could be utilized to improve piglet development and survivability. The objective of this study was to conduct a genome‐wide association study to identify genomic regions associated with GL in differing parities in swine (n = 831) from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln reproductive longevity project. Gestation length was calculated as the number of days between last insemination administered and farrowing. Sows were genotyped with the Illumina SNP60 BeadArray, and the data were analyzed using Bayesian mixture models for GL at parity 1, 2, 3 and 4 (GL1, GL2, GL3 and GL4 respectively). Means (SD) for GL1–GL4 were 113 (1.4), 114 (1.2), 114 (1.3) and 115 (1.2) respectively. Posterior mean heritability estimates (PSD) for GL1, GL2, GL3 and GL4 were 0.33 (0.06), 0.34 (0.07), 0.32 (0.08) and 0.20 (0.08) respectively. Rank correlations between genomic estimated breeding values between GL1 and GL2, GL3 and GL4 respectively were moderate: 0.67, 0.65 and 0.60. The top SNP (ASGA0017859, SSC4, 7.8 Mb), located in the top common genomic region associated with GL1, GL2 and GL3, was associated with a difference of 1.1 days in GL1 between homozygote genotypes (P < 0.0001). The results of this study suggest that GL is a largely polygenic trait with relatively minor contributions from multiple genomic regions.
Pulse oximetry screening in a midwifery‐led maternity setting with high antenatal detection of congenital heart disease
Authors: Cloete Elza , Gentles Thomas L. , Webster Dianne R. , Davidkova Sarka , Dixon Lesley A. , Alsweiler Jane M. , Bloomfield Frank H. ,   for the Pulse Oximetry Screening Steering Committee
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo assess local and individual factors that should be considered in the design of a pulse oximetry screening strategy in New Zealand's midwifery‐led maternity setting.MethodsAn intervention study was conducted over 2 years. Three hospitals and four primary maternity units participated in the study. Post‐ductal saturation levels were measured on well infants with a gestation of ≥35 weeks. Infant activity and age (hours) at the time of the test were recorded.ResultsScreening was performed on 16 644 of 27 172 (61%) eligible infants. The age at which the screening algorithm was initiated varied significantly among centres. The probability of achieving a pass result (saturations ≥95%) in the context of no underlying pathology ranged from .94 for an unsettled infant screened <4 hours of age to .99 (P < .001) when the test was performed after 24 hours on a settled infant. Forty‐eight (0.3%) infants failed to reach saturation targets: 37 had significant pathology of which three had cardiac disease.ConclusionScreening practices were influenced by the setting in which it was undertaken. Infant activity and age at the time of testing can influence saturation levels. Screening is associated with the identification of significant non‐cardiac pathology.
Human myometrial artery function and endothelial cell calcium signalling are reduced by obesity: Can this contribute to poor labour outcomes?
Authors: Prendergast Clodagh , Wray Susan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsDetermining how obesity affects function in human myometrial arteries, to help understand why childbirth has poor outcomes in obese women.MethodsMyometrial arteries were studied from 84 biopsies. Contraction (vasopressin and U‐46619) and relaxation (carbachol, bradykinin, SNAP) was assessed using wire myography. eNOS activity was assessed using L‐NAME. Cholesterol was reduced using methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin to determine whether it altered responses. Differences in endothelial cell intracellular Ca2+ signalling were assessed using confocal microscopy.ResultsThe effects of BMI on relaxation were agonist specific and very marked; all vessels, irrespective of BMI, relaxed to bradykinin but 0% of vessels (0/13) from obese women relaxed to carbachol, compared to 59% (10/17) from normal weight women. Cholesterol‐lowering drugs did not restore carbachol responses (n = 6). All vessels, irrespective of BMI, relaxed when NO was directly released by SNAP (n = 19). Inhibition of eNOS with L‐NAME had a significant effect in normal but not overweight/obese vessels. Compared to bradykinin, a lower proportion of endothelial cells responded to carbachol and the amplitude of the calcium response was significantly less, in all vessels. Furthermore, a significantly lower proportion of endothelial cells responded to carbachol in the overweight/obese group compared to control. In contrast to relaxation, the effect of contractile agonists was unchanged with increasing BMI.ConclusionsThe ability of human myometrial arteries to relax is significantly impaired with obesity, and our data suggest this is due to a deficit in endothelial calcium signalling. This inability to recover following compression during contractions, might contribute to poor labours in obese women.
No increased risk of nephrotoxicity associated with 5‐aminosalicylic acid in IBD: a population‐based cohort and nested case‐control study
Authors: Jairath Vipul , Hokkanen Suvi R. K. , Guizzetti Leonardo , Boxall Naomi , Campbell‐Hill Sarah , Patel Haridarshan 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundThere is conflicting evidence about nephrotoxicity risk associated with 5‐aminosalicylates for treatment of IBD.AimsTo determine population‐based temporal trends for 5‐aminosalicylates and estimated risk of nephrotoxicity associated with 5‐aminosalicylate use for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD).MethodsRetrospective cohort and nested case‐control study, using the Health Improvement Network primary care database linked to hospital discharge coding for patients in England, 1996‐2017. Nephrotoxicity risk analysis was a first recorded renal impairment diagnosis adjusted for key variables and was assessed between 2008 and 2017.ResultsA total of 35 601 patients with prevalent UC or CD were included. The proportion of patients prescribed 5‐aminosalicylates fell from 83% in 1996‐1999 to 71% in 2012‐2015 for UC patients and 64% to 45% for CD patients. Thirty per cent of patients had prolonged 5‐aminosalicylate use. Between 2008 and 2017, the incident rate of nephrotoxicity was similar and stable for UC (12.6/1000 person‐years) and CD (10.9/1000 person‐years) patients. Multivariate analysis showed no evidence for association between current prescription of 5‐aminosalicylate and nephrotoxicity in UC or CD patients, comparing ≤ 30 days prescription prior to index vs 31‐≤180 days. However, active disease, disease duration, concomitant cardiovascular disease or diabetes and nephrotoxic drug use were independently associated with development of nephrotoxicity in UC and CD.ConclusionsDespite the paucity of evidence for their benefit, 5‐aminosalicylates were prescribed to approximately half of CD patients (30% prolonged therapy). Nephrotoxicity was rare in this patient cohort, and was not associated with 5‐aminosalicylate use, but rather with disease status, comorbidity and use of nephrotoxic drugs.
Ten‐year survivors in AL amyloidosis: characteristics and treatment pattern
Authors: Muchtar Eli , Gertz Morie A. , Lacy Martha Q. , Go Ronald S. , Buadi Francis K. , Dingli David , Grogan Martha , AbouEzzeddine Omar F. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Kapoor Prashant , Leung Nelson , Fonder Amie , Hobbs Miriam , Hwa Yi Lisa , Gonsalves Wilson , Warsame Rahma , Kourelis Taxiarchis V. , Russell Stephen , Lust John A. , Lin Yi , Zeldenrust Steven , Kyle Robert A. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Kumar Shaji K. , Dispenzieri Angela 
Published: July 2019

SummaryImprovement in survival in Light chain (AL) amyloidosis has been seen over recent decades, enabling more patients to achieve long‐term survival. Patients with AL amyloidosis who survived ≥10 years from time of diagnosis (n = 186) were the subject of this study. Ten‐year survivors represented 22% of the total population. These patients were characterized by favourable patient, organ and plasma cell features. Of note, trisomies were less common among 10‐year survivors compared to those who did not survive to 10 years. All‐time best haematological response was complete response in 67%, very good partial response in 30%, partial response in 2% and no response in 1%, with 11% having received a consolidative strategy for inadequate response to first line therapy. The overall organ response rate to first‐line therapy was 76%, which increased to 86% when considering subsequent line(s) of therapy. Forty‐seven percent of the 10‐year survivors did not require a second‐line therapy. The median treatment‐free survival (TFS) among the 10‐year survivors was 10·5 years (interquartile range 7·4‐12·2). On multivariate analysis independent predictors for TFS were the achievement of complete haematological response and lack of cardiac involvement. Long‐term survivors are increasingly seen in AL amyloidosis and present distinct patient, organ and clonal disease features.
Between plate and salt tectonics—New stratigraphic constraints on the architecture and timing of the Dead Sea basin during the Late Quaternary
Authors: Coianiz Lisa , Schattner Uri , Lang Guy , Ben‐Avraham Zvi , Lazar Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Dead Sea is an extensional basin developing along a transform fault plate boundary. It is also a terminal salt basin. Without knowledge of precise stratigraphy, it is difficult to differentiate between the role of plate and salt tectonics on sedimentary accumulation and deformation patterns. While the environmental conditions responsible for sediment supply are reasonably constrained by previous studies on the lake margins, the current study focuses on deciphering the detailed stratigraphy across the entire northern Dead Sea basin as well as syn and post‐depositional processes. The sedimentary architecture of the late Quaternary lacustrine succession was examined by integrating 851 km of seismic reflection data from three surveys with gamma ray and velocity logs and the stratigraphic division from an ICDP borehole cored in 2010. This allowed seismic interpretation to be anchored in time across the entire basin. Key surfaces were mapped based on borehole lithology and a newly constructed synthetic seismogram. Average interval velocities were used to calculate isopach maps and spatial and temporal sedimentation rates. Results show that the Amora Formation was deposited in a pre‐existing graben bounded by two N‐S trending longitudinal faults. Both faults remained active during deposition of the late Pleistocene Samra and Lisan Formations—the eastern fault continued to bound the basin while the western fault remained blind. On‐going plate motion introduced a third longitudinal fault, increasing accommodation space westwards from the onset of deposition of the Samra Formation. During accumulation of these two formations, sedimentation rates were uniform over the lake and similar. High lake levels caused an increase in hydrostatic pressure. This led to salt withdrawal, which flowed to the south and southwest causing increased uplift of the Lisan and En Gedi diapirs and the formation of localized salt rim synclines. This induced local seismicity and slumping, resulting in an increased thickness of the Lisan succession within the lake relative to its margins. Sedimentation rates of the Holocene Ze'elim Fm were 4–5 times higher than before. The analysis presented here resolves central questions of spatial extent and timing of lithology, deposition rates and their variability across the basin, timing of faulting at and below the lake floor, and timing and extent of salt and plate tectonic phases and their effect on syn and post‐depositional processes. Plate tectonics dictated the structure of the basin, while salt tectonics and sediment accumulation were primarily responsible for its fill architecture during the timeframe examined here.
Reflectance confocal microscopy may enhance the accuracy of histopathologic diagnosis: A case series
Authors: Shahriari Neda , Grant‐Kels Jane M. , Rabinovitz Harold , Oliviero Margaret , Scope Alon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough histopathology is the time‐honored gold standard diagnostic measure in dermatology, several factors may detract from an accurate microscopic diagnosis. Limiting factors include: human error, suboptimal biopsy‐site selection or biopsy technique, and inherent restrictions of vertical tissue sectioning that lead to incomplete microscopic evaluation of the lesion. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non‐invasive imaging tool that allows for the cellular‐level examination of the lesion, at a horizontal plane, which may complement the subsequent vertical histopathological tissue examination. Herein, we report a case series whereby prebiopsy RCM examination enhanced the accuracy of histopathological diagnosis or allowed for a critical appraisal of initial histopathological misdiagnosis.
A 96‐week, multinational, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group, clinical trial evaluating the safety and effectiveness of bexagliflozin as a monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Halvorsen Yuan‐Di C. , Walford Geoffrey A. , Massaro Joseph , Aftring Robert P. , Freeman Mason W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo explore the safety and effectiveness of extended exposure to bexagliflozin as a monotherapy for type 2 diabetes.MethodsAdults with diabetes (n = 288) from the USA, Colombia and Mexico were randomized 1:1 to receive bexagliflozin (20 mg) or placebo for 96 weeks. The primary endpoint was the placebo‐adjusted change in HbA1c at 24 weeks. Dosing was continued an additional 72 weeks to assess safety and the durability of the treatment effect. Secondary endpoints measured changes from baseline in body mass and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at week 24, and the change, over study duration, in HbA1c.ResultsThe placebo‐adjusted change in HbA1c from baseline to week 24 was −0.79% (−8.6 mmol/mol) [95%CI −0.53, −1.06 (−5.8, −11.6), P < .0001]. The unadjusted change from baseline through week 96 was −0.55% (−6.0 mmol/mol) ± 1.184% (12.9) (SD) for the bexagliflozin arm compared with 0.53% (5.8 mmol/mol) ± 1.215% (13.3) for the placebo arm (P < .0001). Significant decreases in body mass, SBP and DBP could be attributed to bexagliflozin exposure. The incidence of serious adverse events was lower in the bexagliflozin‐treated group (2.8%) than in the placebo group (8.5%). Urinary tract infections occurred less frequently in the active arm (14.5%) than in the placebo arm (20.6%).ConclusionsBexagliflozin at 20 mg/d was well tolerated and provided a durable, clinically meaningful improvement in glycaemic control over 96 weeks to participants in this phase 2 trial. A substantial reduction in weight and blood pressure was produced by bexagliflozin, with no increase in significant adverse event rates.
B‐cell frequencies and immunoregulatory phenotypes in myeloproliferative neoplasms: Influence of ruxolitinib, interferon‐α2, or combination treatment
Authors: Sørensen Anders Lindholm , Bjørn Mads Emil , Riley Caroline H. , Holmstrøm Morten , Andersen Mads Hald , Svane Inge Marie , Mikkelsen Stine Ulrik , Skov Vibe , Kjær Lasse , Hasselbalch Hans C. , Nielsen Claus H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveGiven a proposed role for PD‐L1+ and IL‐10‐producing B‐cell subsets in promoting certain cancers, we sought to characterize the frequency and phenotype of B cells in patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and the influence of ruxolitinib and interferon‐α2 therapy.MethodsWe analyzed B‐cell frequencies and phenotype in patients with MPNs (n = 107), before and during treatment with ruxolitinib (n = 29), interferon‐α2 (n = 21), or the two drugs in combination (COMBI; n = 42) and healthy donors (HDs; n = 52) using flow cytometry.ResultsMyelofibrosis patients had lower lymphocyte counts and proportions of B cells than patients with essential thrombocythemia or polycythemia vera and HDs. The B‐cell count correlated inversely with JAK2‐V617F allele burden and spleen size and increased after ruxolitinib or COMBI treatment. The proportions of PD‐L1+ B cells and PD‐1+ B cells were significantly higher in patients with myelofibrosis or polycythemia vera than in HDs and decreased during ruxolitinib and COMBI treatment. The proportions of TNF‐α+ and IL‐6+ B cells were elevated in myelofibrosis patients. The proportion of IL‐6+ B cells decreased, and the proportion of IL‐10+ B cells increased during ruxolitinib treatment.ConclusionB‐cell frequency and phenotype were altered in MPN patients. Ruxolitinib therapy had marked effects on both frequency and phenotype.
Fluoxetine‐induced plasticity in the visual cortex outlasts the duration of the naturally occurring critical period
Authors: Steinzeig Anna , Cannarozzo Cecilia , Castrén Eero 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHeightened neuronal plasticity expressed during early postnatal life has been thought to permanently decline once critical periods have ended. For example, monocular deprivation is able to shift ocular dominance in the mouse visual cortex during the first months of life, but this effect is lost later in life. However, various treatments, such as the antidepressant fluoxetine, can reactivate a critical period‐like plasticity in the adult brain. When monocular deprivation is supplemented with chronic fluoxetine administration, a major shift in ocular dominance is produced after the critical period has ended. In the current study, we characterized the temporal patterns of fluoxetine‐induced plasticity in the adult mouse visual cortex, using in vivo optical imaging. We found that artificially induced plasticity in ocular dominance extended beyond the duration of the naturally occurring critical period and continued as long as fluoxetine was administered. However, this fluoxetine‐induced plasticity period ended as soon as the drug was not given. These features of antidepressant‐induced plasticity may be useful when designing treatment strategies involving long‐term antidepressant treatment in humans.