bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the causal impact of adverse childhood experiences on social well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bai Zefeng , Shang Xiaodong , Zhang Hengwei 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have far-reaching consequences on an individual’s physical, mental and social well-being. As the world grappled with the unprecedented challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the impact of ACEs on social well-being became more crucial than ever. This study aims to investigate the causal effect of ACEs on perceived social well-being during the pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
An instrumental variable design was carried out on data extracted from the Panel Study of Income dynamic (PSID).

Findings
This study found a significant causal link between higher levels of ACEs and diminished social well-being, after controlling COVID-19 exposure and symptom severity. Surprisingly, the findings suggest that COVID-19 exposure and symptom severity had no significant impact on social well-being during the pandemic.

Originality/value
These results underscore the enduring influence of childhood adversity on an individual’s ability to form and maintain healthy social connections, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and support systems that promote resilience and social well-being among individuals with a history of ACEs. As we navigate the postpandemic era, this study emphasizes the importance of addressing the long-lasting effects of childhood trauma to foster a more resilient and supportive society.
Contexts and complexities: a realist evaluation of integrated care system leadership
Authors: Knight Lisa , Neiva Ganga Rafaela , Tucker Matthew , Shore Adam P. , Nolan Steve 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This paper presents a realist evaluation of leadership within an integrated care system (ICS) in England. This paper aims to examine which aspects of leadership are effective, for whom, how and under what circumstances.

Design/methodology/approach
Realist evaluation methodology was used, adopting prior realist review findings as the theoretical framework to refine explanations of how and why leadership within an ICS is effective. Between January and November 2023, 23 interviews with ICS leaders took place, alongside 7 meeting observations and documentary analysis. The Realist And Metanarrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards (RAMESES) guidance informed the study design, conduct and reporting.

Findings
The findings highlight two overarching infrastructural contexts influencing leadership in ICSs: the impact of the post-COVID-19 pandemic legacy and the differences between health and social care regulatory and financial environments. Findings demonstrate that ICS leaders identified a strong sense of purpose as crucial for guiding decisions and creating a psychologically safe environment for open, honest discussions, fostering calculated risk-taking. Whilst a shared vision directed priority setting, financial pressures led to siloed thinking. Leadership visibility was linked to workforce morale, with supportive leadership boosting morale amidst evolving ICS landscapes and confidence in data-driven decisions supported prevention activities. However, financial constraints hindered responsiveness and innovation in addressing health inequalities.

Originality/value
By examining ICS leadership post-COVID-19 pandemic and amidst varying regulatory and financial environments, this study contributes to the emerging literature on systems leadership and offers practical guidance for leaders navigating the complexities of integrated care.
Association between dietary diversity and lipid indices among Indian Kho-Kho players
Authors: Kalpana Kommi , Khanna Gulshan Lal 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
Dietary diversity (DD) is a proxy indicator of nutrient adequacy and has been propagated as a health beneficial component of dietary behavior. This study aims to understand DD and its association with lipid indices among Indian Kho-Kho players.

Design/methodology/approach
In all, 50 Indian Kho-Kho players aged between 16 years and 31 years belonging to different regions of India were recruited. Dietary diversity score (DDS; food groups/day) and food variety score (FVS; number of food items/day) were considered to assess the DD. The United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization food frequency questionnaire was used as a tool. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL, VLDL and HDL were measured.

Findings
The DDS and FVS showed that athletes were consuming approximately 7 of 9 food groups (Mean ± SD: 6.5 ± 1.3) and 27 varieties of foods (Mean ± SD:27.0 ± 8.6) from 9 food groups per day. This study could not find significant differences for DDS and FVS among athletes belonging to different regions. FVSs of organ meat, eggs and spices and condiments were significantly positively associated with TG (p < 0.036, p < 0.020 and p < 0.001) and VLDL (p < 0.054, p < 0.021 and p < 0.001). LDL was inversely significantly associated with FVS of cereals, white root and tubers (p < 0.032).

Research limitations/implications
DDS and FVS were not associated with lipid indices among Kho-Kho players. However, individual FVS of organ meat, eggs and spices and condiments may increase TG and VLDL. Optimum consumption of cereals and root tubers may help to maintain LDL levels among Kho-Kho players.

Originality/value
It was found that daily consumption of organ meat and eggs may increase TG and VLDL, and optimum consumption of cereals and white roots and tubers may help to maintain LDL. High energy and fat foods may act as mediators along with spices and condiments in increasing TG and VLDL.
An innovative technical support system for sustainable construction indicators in Zimbabwe
Authors: Moyo Tirivavi , Omer Mazen , Chigara Benviolent , Edwards David J. 
Published: November 2024

PurposeAchieving sustainable construction is immensely challenging in developing economies due to their inadequate technical support system(s) (TSS). Hence, this article develops a TSS framework for sustainable construction indicators for Zimbabwe, a developing country.Design/methodology/approachA post-positivist philosophical stance and deductive reasoning were adopted to test pertinent theory. Construction professionals in consultancy, construction companies, government bodies and academic institutions participated in an online questionnaire survey. Primary data was analysed using a reliability test, Shapiro Wilks test, Kruskal–Wallis H test, mean score ranking, normalisation value, factor analysis and fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE).FindingsFSE revealed a framework with six critical technical support subgroups, in order of importance viz: innovation for construction sustainability; adequate sustainability expenditure and skills training support; adequate project economic assessment and governance support; adequate circularity and environmental technical support; climate change literacy and supplier assessment support; and adequate decent work support. Existing sustainable construction initiatives can be buttressed by strengthening the six identified TSS through related policy initiatives.Originality/valueThe framework developed constitutes an innovative TSS for Zimbabwe to achieve sustainable construction.
Wildflower plantings and honeybee competition impact nutritional quality of wild bee diets
Authors: Page Maureen L. , Francis Jacob S. , Müller Uta , Williams Neal M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Wildflower habitats planted along field borders are a widely promoted strategy for supporting bees in agricultural landscapes. However, honeybees (Apis mellifera), which are often stocked at high densities in crop lands can compete with wild bees for pollen and nectar, potentially limiting the successfulness of wildflower plantings in supporting diverse bee communities.

Using weekly samples of five study sites in Northern California we assessed how plants in pollinator‐friendly seed mixes varied in their ability to provide bees with abundant and nutritious pollen under intense honeybee competition.

We quantified pollen production, protein and lipid content, and end‐of‐day pollen availability for different plant species. We also sampled bee visits to flowers and assessed the composition of pollen on bee bodies. Using these data, we investigate how the nutritional quality of pollen in wildflower plantings and honeybee abundance impacted native bee pollen nutrition.

Bees collected more nutritious pollen (i.e. pollen with more protein) from plantings with more nutritious plant species (i.e. sites with more high‐protein plants). However, as honeybee abundance increased, the nutritional quality of native bee diets declined. We also detected important interactions between honeybee abundance and the nutritional quality of flowers in plantings, such that, for some bee taxa, there was no impact of competition on pollen diet quality in high‐nutrition plantings.

Synthesis and applications: Our study reveals that honeybee competition can reduce the nutritional quality of native bee diets. From an applied conservation perspective, we therefore recommend that honeybee introductions in natural areas be approached with extreme caution. However, our results also suggest that high‐protein flower plantings could mitigate negative effects of honeybee competition in managed landscapes. Where simultaneous support of managed and wild bees is a key management objective, we recommend including high‐protein plant species in plant mixes to support diverse bee populations.
Outcome Reporting in Studies Investigating Treatment for Caesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nijjar Simrit , Sandhar Simarjit , Timor‐Tritsch Ilan E. , Agten Andrea Kaelin , Li Jin , Chong Krystle Y. , Oza Munira , Acklom Rosanna , D'Antonio Francesco , Vuong Lan N. , Mol Ben , Bottomley Cecilia , Jurkovic Davor ,   the International Collaboration COSCAR
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCaesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP) is associated with significant maternal and foetal morbidity. However, the optimal treatment remains unknown.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to review outcomes reported in studies on CSEP treatment and outcome reporting quality.Search StrategyWe reviewed 1270 articles identified through searching PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar from 2014 to 2024 using the search terms ‘caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy and caesarean scar pregnancy’.Selection CriteriaWe included all study types evaluating any form of CSEP treatment, with a sample size of ≥ 50, where diagnosis was described, and the article was in English.Data Collection and AnalysisTwo authors independently reviewed studies and assessed outcome reporting and methodological quality. The relationship between outcome reporting quality and publication year and journal type was assessed with univariate and bivariate models.Main ResultsA total of 108 studies, including 17 941 women, were included. 83% of all studies originated from China. Studies reported on 326 outcomes; blood loss (86%), need for additional intervention (77%) and time for serum hCG to normalise post treatment (69%) were the most common outcomes. A primary outcome was clearly defined in 11 (10%) studies. The median quality of outcome reporting was 3 (IQR 3–4). No relationship was demonstrated between outcome reporting quality and publication year (p = 0.116) or journal type (p = 0.503).ConclusionsThis review demonstrates that there is a wide variation in outcomes reported in studies on CSEP treatment. Development and implementation of a core outcome set by international stakeholders which includes patients is urgently needed to enable high‐quality research that is both useful and relevant to patients.
Mercy killing of a 72‐year‐old woman through heroin intoxication
Authors: Zwirner Johann , Iwersen‐Bergmann Stefanie , Püschel Klaus , Ondruschka Benjamin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractActive euthanasia is legally permissible in only eight jurisdictions worldwide and may only be administered by qualified personnel following specific selection criteria. Mercy killing refers to the deliberate termination of the life of an individual suffering from a terminal chronic medical condition. Detecting both illegally performed active euthanasia and instances of mercy killing presents challenges for forensic pathologists. The presented case describes a mercy killing involving a 72‐year‐old woman with multiple chronic conditions who was killed by her grandson via heroin intoxication after administration of the anxiolytic alprazolam. Key findings from the external postmortem examination included a single fresh injection site on the inside of the elbow and a superficial T‐shaped cut on the flexor side of the left forearm. Toxicological analyses revealed elevated blood levels of heroin metabolites, including 6‐monoacetylmorphine and absence of hydroxyalprazolam, indicating an only short survival time following heroin injection. A cocaine concentration in blood was comparatively low but rather high in hair samples. Elderly individuals with multiple chronic conditions are at increased risk of becoming homicide victims. Comprehensive forensic documentation of injection sites is essential to avoid overlooking deaths caused by injection and to differentiate them from medical measures during resuscitation attempts.
The use of dietary isotopes as a preliminary step in the death investigation of unidentified skeletal human remains in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Tarrant Damon , Yazedjian Laura , Hepburn Joe , Fonseca Stephen , Talamo Sahra , Richards Michael 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn British Columbia, Canada, unidentified skeletal human remains are often recovered by law enforcement or civilians and there is a question if they are modern and of medicolegal significance, or historical or archaeological. We used relatively fast and inexpensive carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of human bone collagen from a selection of these remains (n = 48) combined with a logistic regression model to classify remains as modern, historical, or archaeological. We then confirmed our temporal classification through directly radiocarbon dating each individual and found that we could predict the temporal group with 93% accuracy. In regions where archaeological remains have dietary isotope values distinct from living people, dietary stable isotope analysis can provide a time‐, and resource‐efficient method to screen cases of unidentified human remains early in death investigation.
Bail reform and pretrial release: Examining the implementation of In re Humphrey
Authors: Lacoe Johanna , Skog Alissa , Bird Mia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryPretrial reform is driving criminal justice policy debates across the nation. The In re Humphrey decision required the San Francisco County criminal court to set bail levels based on defendant ability to pay rather than the county bail schedule. Under this new policy, the rate of pretrial detention fell by 11%. We find defendants released pretrial were less likely to be convicted (a decline of 3 percentage points) in the post‐Humphrey period. This decline in conviction rates was driven primarily by a reduction in the likelihood of plea bargaining. These case outcome results are robust to an alternative strategy using propensity score matching and a difference‐in‐difference estimator to estimate effects for those most likely to be affected by the policy change. There was no consistent, statistically significant change in subsequent arrests or convictions post‐Humphrey across the estimation strategies.Policy ImplicationsAlthough the Humphrey decision originally applied only to San Francisco, a state supreme court decision in March 2021 extended the ruling to courts throughout California. The results also have implications for other states engaged in bail reform. These findings suggest that requiring bail to be set at affordable levels increases pretrial releases overall, specifically releases to pretrial supervision programs, with improvements in case outcomes and no apparent increase in subsequent criminal justice system contact. Counties or states without robust pretrial service options may not experience the same change in releases or other outcomes. Further, jurisdictions that detain people booked on lower level offenses at higher rates than San Francisco may experience a greater response to a policy change like Humphrey.
Effect of intraoperative methadone in robot‐assisted cystectomy on postoperative opioid requirements: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Uhrbrand Camilla Gaarsdal , Obad Damir Salskov , Jensen Bente Thoft , Jensen Jørgen Bjerggaard , Friesgaard Kristian Dahl , Nikolajsen Lone 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative pain management is a challenge after robot‐assisted cystectomy (RAC). Methadone has a long duration of action, and we therefore hypothesized that a single dose of intraoperative methadone would reduce postoperative opioid requirements and pain intensity in bladder cancer patients undergoing RAC.MethodsWe conducted a blinded randomized controlled clinical trial from July 2020 to August 2023. Patients scheduled to undergo RAC because of bladder cancer were randomized to receive intraoperative methadone (0.15 mg/kg−1) or morphine (0.15 mg kg−1) 1 h before endotracheal extubation. The primary outcome was opioid requirements after 24 h. Secondary outcomes were opioid requirements after 3 h, pain intensity at rest and during coughing, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), sedation, hypoxemia, hypoventilation, time spent in the post‐anesthetic care unit, and patient satisfaction.ResultsA total of 114 patients were randomized. Data from 99 patients (14 females, 85 males; mean age 69.8 ± 8.9 years) were available for analysis; 52 received methadone and 47 received morphine. Opioid consumption was similar between the methadone group and morphine group at 3 h (median, mg, 45 (IQR 30 to 75) vs. 45 (IQR 15 to 82.5) p = .97) and at 24 h (median, mg, 125 (IQR 75 to 198.5) versus 105 (IQR 72 to 157.5), p = .29). Pain intensity was significantly lower in the morphine group at 48 h compared with the methadone group. Patient satisfaction at 24 h was increased in the methadone group compared with the morphine group (median, (IQR), NRS; 9 (IQR 7 to 10) versus 7 (IQR 4 to 9), p = .020). There were no differences between treatment groups in terms of time spent in the post‐anesthetic care unit and the occurrence of opioid‐related side effects.ConclusionA single dose of intraoperative methadone does not reduce postoperative opioid requirements compared with a single dose of morphine in bladder cancer patients undergoing RAC.
Characteristics and ingredients of disposable ‘Elfbar’ e‐cigarettes sold in the United States and the United Kingdom
Authors: Leigh Noel J. , Page Michelle K. , Jamil Hasan , Goniewicz Maciej L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsAs of 2023, Elfbar remains the most popular brand of disposable e‐cigarette available in the United States (US) and United Kingdom (UK), with similar flavor options in both countries. At the time of this study, 5% nicotine Elfbar BC5000 was the only version available in the US, whereas 2% Elfbar 600 was the most popular in the UK. This study measured differences in nicotine content and form, aerosol emissions and flavoring chemicals in the US and UK Elfbar products.MethodA convenience sample of eight Elfbar devices sold in the US and UK, consisting of two Elfbar models with four identical flavor options (Peach Ice, Strawberry Banana, Strawberry Ice and Strawberry Kiwi) purchased between December 2022 and February 2023, were laboratory tested. We measured nicotine concentration, form and total content. We also determined aerosol emissions and estimated the nicotine dose delivery per puff. We identified solvents and flavoring chemicals in these products.ResultsElfbar products within the same country had similar nicotine content, concentration, form and solvents, but they differed in flavoring chemicals. US Elfbar contained, on average, higher volume (mean ± standard deviation = 6.5 ± 0.5 versus 1.8 ± 0.3 ml) of nicotine solution with a higher concentration (41.8 ± 2.3 versus 19.7 ± 1.2 mg/ml) than the UK Elfbar. An estimated dose of nicotine delivered per puff was four times higher from US Elfbar than UK Elfbar. There were differences in the type and amount of flavoring chemicals used in US and UK Elfbars, including a higher concentration of a synthetic coolant WS‐23 in US Elfbar than in UK Elfbar (17.8 ± 1.5 versus 12.9 ± 5.4 mg/ml).ConclusionsBecause the amount of nicotine found in the US Elfbar e‐cigarettes is equivalent to that found in eight UK Elfbar e‐cigarettes, people who use Elfbar sold in the US have access to much more nicotine from a single device than those who use Elfbar sold in the United Kingdom.
Population Expansion but Limited Gene Flow in Kuhl's Blue‐Spotted Maskray Along the Tanzanian Coast
Authors: Nehemia Alex , Shabani Maulidi , Malisa Allen Lewis 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe blue‐spotted maskray Neotrygon kuhlii (Müller & Henle, 1841) is a member of the Dasyatidae family of stingrays which grows slowly. Members of this group mature late and have a low fecundity rate. The ICUN Red List of Threatened Species lists N. kuhlii species as data deficient (DD) because information on its ecology and life history is not readily available. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic diversity, demographic history and population structure of N. kuhlii, all of which are critical information for efforts aimed at conserving the species. The investigation was carried out along Tanzania's coastline using 595 base pairs of partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence. The haplotype diversity ranged between 0.37 and 0.70 and nucleotide diversity between 0.11% and 0.50%. The findings show that samples from Unguja had higher mean molecular diversity indices than those from other sampling sites. Nonetheless, samples from Mafia and Unguja were found to have the largest effective population size. Genetic variations were found between the subpopulations under study, suggesting limited genetic connectivity among the studied subpopulations. The COI sequences of N. kuhlii from most subpopulations studied showed signs of past population expansion, which are typical for most Western Indian Ocean (WIO) fauna. The findings highlight the need for enhanced management and conservation strategies for N. kuhlii and other coastal stingray species in Tanzania, particularly in areas where sampling sites showed low levels of genetic diversity and effective population size.