bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morbidity in parathyroid surgery for renal disease is under reported: a comparison of outcomes with primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Nastos K , Constantinides V , Mizamtsidi M , Duncan N , Tolley N , Palazzo F 
Published: June 2018

Introduction Parathyroidectomy is considered to be a safe procedure with low morbidity. However, while this is true for primary hyperparathyroidism, whether it applies to tertiary disease is not so well documented. The aim of this study was to assess the morbidity of surgery for tertiary hyperparathyroidism compared with primary disease and to establish whether there are predictive factors for poor outcomes. Methods Data for patients subjected to parathyroidectomy during the period 2007–2015 were retrospectively analysed from a prospectively collected database. Patient age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, renal status, extent of operation and indications for surgery were examined. The complication and mortality rate were compared and independent predictors of outcome were examined. Results A total of 1079 patients were scheduled for a parathyroidectomy during the study period of whom 158 for renal related hyperparathyroidism (renal group) and 921 for primary disease (non-renal group). There was a significantly higher complication rate in the renal parathyroid group, including a higher mortality (1.3% vs 0.1%, P = 0.011), overall complication rate (7.0% vs 2.3%, P = 0.001), surgery related complication rate (4.4% vs 1.7%, P = 0.03) and systemic complication rate (2.5% vs 0.4%, P = 0.005). In patients with ASA score ≤ 2 reoperative surgery (OR 9.25, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.41–60.75), male sex (OR 4.12, 95% CI 1.46–11.63) and renal impairment were (OR 5.86, 95% CI 1.65–20.78) were predictors of worse outcomes. In patients with ASA score ≥3 renal impairment, in addition to other variables, were not predictors of complications. Conclusions Parathyroidectomy in renal-related disease is associated with a significantly higher risk of morbidity and mortality compared with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Adsorption Of Cs+ and IO3− Ions by Pseudoboehmite Before and After the Decomposition of Citrate Adsorbed on Its Surface
Authors: Kawano Motoharu , Yamada Eri 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCitrate is distributed widely in the Earth’s surface environments as a biological product released by microbes and plants. Citrate is also often used as a chelating agent for the selective dissolution of iron coatings and free iron oxides in soils. Adsorption experiments of Cs+ and IO3− before and after the complexation of citrate with the pseudoboehmite surface were conducted to evaluate the effects of citrate on the adsorption of these ions on the surface of pseudoboehmite. Additional adsorption experiments of Cs+ and IO3− after the decomposition of citrate adsorbed on the pseudoboehmite surface were also performed to confirm the recovery of the original surface properties. Citrate decomposition was carried out by means of 10% H2O2 treatments at 75°C and pH 5, 7, and 9. The results indicated that citrate complexation decreased remarkably the adsorption of both Cs+ and IO3− in the pH range 3–10, which was due to a decrease in the number of active charged sites available for adsorption of these ions. Decomposition of citrate adsorbed on the pseudoboehmite surface was found to be complete after three rounds of treatment with 10% H2O2 at 75°C and pH > 7. After the decomposition of citrate adsorbed on the pseudoboehmite surface, the adsorption of both Cs+ and IO3− was restored completely to the initial amounts before citrate complexation, and the inhibition effect of citrate on the adsorption of these ions disappeared under all pH conditions.
Intergenerational dialogue: Connecting youth and older adults in urban spaces through community-based forum theatre
Authors: Parker Christina 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Understanding generational diversity has important implications for building capacities for developing healthy intergenerational relations and social cohesion, and for challenging oppression. Preparing young people in urban communities to understand and empathize with older adults could have lasting benefits for engaging community members and families to come together to transform culturally divided urban spaces. This qualitative research project drew on arts-based approaches to examine how dialogue between youth and older adults in a community-based theatre education program sought to lessen intergenerational and intercultural divides. While forum theatre is widely used to challenge oppression, this article considers how it could also lead to further exclusion of marginalized voices if both facilitators and participants are inadequately prepared to engage in dialogue. It offers practical suggestions for community educators in diverse urban settings, particularly in the use and application of the arts.
Marketing Tools for Development of the Tourist and Recreational Area
Authors: SKOROBOGATYKH Irina Ivanovna , SHISHKIN Anatoly Viktorovich , MURTUZALIEVA Taira Velimagomedovna , POGORILYAK Boris Ivanovich , GOROKHOVA Anna Evgenievna 
Published: July 2018

The paper describes the latest trends in the development of the tourist industry in the Russian Federation, estimates the degree of the tourist attractiveness of Russian regions and the role of tourist and recreational potential in the economic development of territories.
The novelty of the authors' approach is based on the justified necessity of using new management methods for regional development, reflecting the innovative role of a region as an independent commodity with a set of tools for effective management of the region's marketing potential.
The authors of the article propose a new conceptual apparatus along with a methodology for assessing the regional potential; recommendations on its development to increase its tourist appeal through the application of the marketing tools given; the authors also propose a set of indicators reflecting the effectiveness of the regional capacity management.
The paper presents empirical studies on assessment of the regional potential for a strategically important Russian region – the North Caucasus Federal District - from the standpoint of marketing potential as the basis for ensuring competitiveness and functional efficiency in the modern conditions.
The implementation of customized organizational, economic and other forms and tools of the region's marketing management and marketing attractiveness will provide the basis of the subsequent management of the marketing strategy in the region, along with the prospects for its effective development.
p-fractional Hardy–Schrödinger–Kirchhoff systems with critical nonlinearities
Authors: Fiscella Alessio , Pucci Patrizia , Zhang Binlin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This paper deals with the existence of nontrivial solutions for critical Hardy–Schrödinger–Kirchhoff
systems driven by the fractional p-Laplacian operator. Existence is derived
as an application of the mountain pass theorem and the Ekeland variational principle.
The main features and novelty of the paper are the presence of the Hardy terms as well as critical nonlinearities.
Zuwanderung und globale Migration als Herausforderung der Demokratie
Authors: Münkler Herfried 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Warum und unter welchen Umständen schotten sich gerade Demokratien gegen Zuwanderung ab? Eine solche Tendenz ist nicht neu, sondern lässt sich bereits an der attischen Demokratie er Antike beobachten. Neu dagegen ist, dass die reichen Gesellschaften heute auf Zuwanderung angewiesen sind, wenn sie nicht schrumpfen sollen und das Wohlstandsniveau erhalten bleiben soll. Dieser längerfristige Aspekt kommt jedoch in einer auf kurzfristige Politik angelegtenDebatte selten zum Tragen. Freilich gibt es eine Grenze sozio-politischer Integration, die in der Erosion von Vertrautheit und Vertrauen liegt. Wo diese Grenze liegt, hängt indes von der Integrationskraft einer Gesellschaft ab.
Hat die offene Gesellschaft eine Zukunft?
Authors: Wilkens Andre 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Kritik der etablierten Verhältnisse darf nicht zum Privileg der Neurechten werden. Am Setzen von eigenen Themen und an der Lösungskapazität für real existierende Probleme wird sich entscheiden, ob die offene Gesellschaft eine Zukunft hat oder nicht. Es braucht eine Dialektik des Erhaltens und des radikalen Veränderns – des Erhaltens vom Wertegerüst der offenen Gesellschaft und der Entwicklung radikal neuer Entwürfe des gesellschaftlichen Zusammenlebens, die den wirtschaftlichen und technologischen Entwicklungen des 21. Jahrhunderts entsprechen. Die offene Gesellschaft ist nicht einfach Status quo. Sie hat eine Zukunft jenseits der real existierenden Verhältnisse. Sie ist im wahrsten und kreativen Sinne Entwicklungsland.
Zivilgesellschaft in der sozialökologischen Krise
Authors: Adloff Frank 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Welche Auswege aus der sozialökologischen Krise lassen sich aktuell identifizieren? Die meisten Nachhaltigkeitsansätze versuchen, ökologische Ressourcenschonung mit ökonomischer Modernisierung und insbesondere mit Wirtschaftswachstum zu versöhnen. Der Beitrag diskutiert hiervon abweichend eine radikale Transformationsperspektive, die davon ausgeht, dass eine nachhaltige Gesellschaft nur eine Postwachstumsgesellschaft sein kann. Ideen von Postwachstum und zivilgesellschaftliche Trägergruppen werden identifiziert und gefragt, welche Risiken und Umsetzungschancen ein solches Transformationskonzept mit sich bringen könnte.
Technik und Demokratie
Authors: Saretzki Thomas 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der wissenschaftlich-technische Wandel bringt spezifische Herausforderungen für die Demokratie mit sich. In der Bundesrepublik Deutschland gab es zwar eine ganze Reihe von Technisierungsprozessen, die Anlass zu Protesten geliefert haben. Aber bisher hat nur die Nutzung der Kerntechnik zu Konflikten geführt, die im Sinne einer Krise der Demokratie interpretiert werden können. Für eine zukunftsorientierte Krisenprävention könnte eine Lehre aus diesen Erfahrungen darin bestehen, in der Technologie- und Innovationspolitik kompetente zivilgesellschaftliche Akteure kontinuierlich an der Meinungs- und Willensbildung von demokratischen Institutionen wie dem Parlament zu beteiligen.
Gefährden bestehende soziale Defizite in der Europäischen Union die Demokratie?
Authors: Fojkar Thiemo , Backfisch Peter 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Autoren geben einen historischen Überblick über die beispiellose Erfolgsgeschichte der Europäischen Union. Die Menschen können dadurch auf eine mehr als siebzigjährige Friedensphase zurückschauen. Auch der Wohlstand hat stetig zugenommen. Inzwischen ist aber eine gefährliche Schieflage eingetreten. Armut, Arbeitslosigkeit, Einschnitte in die sozialen Sicherungssysteme auch der Brexit sind dafür Symptome. Die Autoren sehen deshalb Gefahren für unsere demokratische Kultur in Europa und versuchen, Lösungsvorschläge aufzuzeigen.
Asymptotic expansion of holonomy
Authors: Grong Erlend , Pansu Pierre 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Given a principal bundle with a connection, we look for an asymptotic expansion of the holonomy of a loop in terms of its length. This length is defined relative to some Riemannian or sub-Riemannian structure. We are able to give an asymptotic formula that is independent of choice of gauge. We also show how our results from sub-Riemannian geometry can give improved approximations for the case of studying expansions of holonomy of principal bundles over the Euclidean space.
Carbohydrate content of black liquor and precipitated lignin at different ionic strengths in flow-through kraft cooking
Authors: Dang Binh T.T. , Brelid Harald , Theliander Hans 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The influence of sodium ion concentration [Na+] on the dissolution of carbohydrates in black liquor (BL) during flow-through kraft cooking of Scots pine wood meal (Pinus sylvestris) was studied. Fractions of BL were collected at different times and the carbohydrate content of the various fractions was analysed. Lignin was precipitated from the BL by lowering the pH, and the carbohydrate content of the precipitated lignins (Lprec) was also examined. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the Lprec samples was analysed. Xylose (Xyl) was found to be the most predominant sugar in BL aside from arabinose (Ara) and galactose (Gal), while the amounts of these sugars decreased with increasing levels of [Na+] in the cooking liquor. The minor amounts of mannose (Man) found in BL was not influenced by the [Na+]. The effects of NaCl and Na2CO3 on the carbohydrate dissolution were similar, but slightly lower concentrations of Ara and Xyl were found in the case of NaCl application. All of the Lprec samples contained some carbohydrate residues, the contents of which increased with increasing cooking time and decreased with higher [Na+]. It can be concluded that arabinoglucuronoxylan (AGX) along with arabinogalactans (AG) and arabinan, are covalently linked to lignin. The glucose (Glc) residue detected in Lprec may originate from 1,3-β-glucan linked to lignin.
Direct production of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) from wood using p-toluenesulfonic acid in an aqueous system at 80°C: characterization of LNP morphology, size, and surface charge
Authors: Ma Qianli , Chen Liheng , Wang Ruibin , Yang Rendang , Zhu J.Y. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) from renewable lignocelluloses can be a valuable building block for a variety of applications and could contribute to the economic development in rural agricultural communities. Current technologies for producing LNPs are not cost effective and use toxic solvents. In this study, LNPs were produced by fractionating poplar wood at ≤80°C with a recyclable hydrotrope p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) in an aqueous system. The dissolved lignin was separated as LNPs simply by diluting the spent liquor (SL) to the minimal hydrotrope concentration (HCmin) of 11.5%. The p-TsOH, a solid acid, can be easily recycled by re-concentrating the diluted SL after lignin separation. The LNP size, morphology, and surface charge were controlled by the dilution ratio, speed, pH, and ionic strength of the LNP sol. The LNPs were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and found to be fairly stable in terms of mean particle size and surface charge over a period of 2 weeks. Fractionation conditions also affected LNP properties.
No central adrenal insufficiency found in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome with an overnight metyrapone test
Authors: Obrynba Kathryn S. , Hoffman Robert P. , Repaske David R. , Anglin Kathryn , Kamboj Manmohan K. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) have hypothalamic dysfunction and may have central adrenal insufficiency (CAI). The prevalence of CAI in PWS remains unknown.

Methods
Twenty-one subjects with PWS aged 4–53 years underwent a low dose adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test (LDAST) (1 μg/m2, maximum 1 μg) followed by an overnight metyrapone test (OMT). Metyrapone (30 mg/kg, maximum 3 g) was administered at 2400 h. Cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol (11-DOC) and ACTH levels were collected the following morning at 0800 h. OMT was the standard test for comparison. Peak cortisol ≥15.5 μg/dL (427.6 nmol/L) on LDAST and 0800 h 11-DOC ≥7 μg/dL (200 nmol/L) on OMT were classified as adrenal sufficiency.

Results
Twenty subjects had 0800 h 11-DOC values ≥7 μg/dL on OMT indicating adrenal sufficiency. One subject had an inconclusive OMT result. Six of the 21 (29%) subjects had peak cortisol <15.5 μg/dL on LDAST.

Conclusions
We found no evidence of CAI based on OMT, yet 29% of our PWS population failed the LDAST. This suggests that the LDAST may have a high false positive rate in diagnosing CAI in individuals with PWS. OMT may be the preferred method of assessment for CAI in patients with PWS.
OHADA and the Making of Transnational Commercial Law in Africa
Authors: Bashi Rudahindwa Jonathan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The Organisation for Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa (OHADA) was established in October 1993 with the ambitious aim of inciting economic development in its Member States. Through the adoption of Uniform Commercial Laws, the organisation is expected to create an enabling environment for business development, thereby providing for a path to economic growth and subsequent development. In light of this professed aim, both the transnational methodological approach and comparative law theories are used in this paper to critically analyse the various processes conducted under the OHADA banner and to engage in discussions on the highly debated role of law as a vehicle for development in sub-Saharan Africa. This exercise, which proves crucial in order to trace its origin within the global governance and law and development theories, allows us to present OHADA as a transnational legal system, while also highlighting both its strengths and limitations.
A New Finance Chaotic System, its Electronic Circuit Realization, Passivity based Synchronization and an Application to Voice Encryption
Authors: Vaidyanathan Sundarapandian , Sambas Aceng , Kacar Sezgin , Cavusoglu Unal 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Modelling and control applications of dynamical systems in chaos theory arising in several areas are investigated and new control techniques are designed in the chaos literature. We propose a new complex finance chaotic model with states as the interest rate, investment demand, and price index. In this work, after studying the dynamical properties of the new finance model, an electronic chaotic circuit of the model is realized in Multisim. Based on passive control theory, we derive a new controller for globally synchronizing state trajectories of the new finance models. Using the new finance chaotic model developed in this work, a new voice encryption algorithm design is presented. With the proposed algorithm, voice encryption application is performed, and results are described.
Pain in the hand caused by a previously undescribed mechanism with possible relevance for understanding regional pain
Authors: Thompson Ellen N. , Usichenko Taras 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background and aims
A previously undescribed mechanism of pain in the ulnar side of the hand was observed in a series of four patients. All were found to have a sensitive point in the first interspace of the hand and possible entrapment of a terminal branch of ulnar nerve piercing the fascia in the first interphalangeal webspace was suggested.

Methods
Pressure on the sensitive point reproduced the ulnar sided hand pain. Diagnostic and therapeutic injection of the mixture of local anesthetic and corticosteroid were performed. The degree and duration of relief of pain was noted.

Results
In individuals with recent onset hand pain of this type the injections abolished pain for 2 or more years. In individuals with long-standing pain (longer than 3–6 months) the pain was abolished for periods of time lasting several hours to several weeks. The correspondence of the point, where injections were done with acupuncture point LI4 was noted.

Conclusions
The location of possible nerve entrapment corresponds with an acupuncture point LI4 and may additionally represent a previously undescribed myofascial trigger point.

Implications
The suggested mechanism of ulnar sided hand pain represents a miniature chronic constriction injury similar to the animal model of neuropathic pain and may have relevance for regional pain elsewhere in the body.
The Roles of Solute-Solute and Solute-Solvent Interactions on the Nonlinearity of Aqueous Solutions of Ionic Dyes
Authors: Sadigh Mahsa Khadem , Zakerhamidi Mohammad Sadegh 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this paper, the roles of intermolecular interactions and probability of aggregates formation on the nonlinear optical properties of thiazine dyes are investigated. Our results show that saturable and reverse saturable absorption properties of these dyes depend strongly on the molecular surrounding media characteristics and their collective properties that tend to form aggregated species at high concentrations. Depending on molecular surrounding media characteristics, by increasing the concentration of dye solutions and formation of aggregates, the strong solute-solute interactions can modify the nonlinear responses of dye solutions. The experimental results indicate that by increasing the contribution of J aggregates, the third-order nonlinear responses of binary mixtures of water and ethanol are increased at room temperature. Therefore, the intermolecular interactions and the presence of J aggregates can be considered as simple techniques for improving the nonlinear responses of selected ionic dyes.
Longiflorol, a bergenin α-d-apioside from the stem bark of Diospyros longiflora, and its antioxidant activity
Authors: de dieu Dongmo Jean , Mvot Akak Carine , Feussi Tala Michel , Belle Ebanda Kedi Philippe , Azebaze Anatole Guy Blaise , Vardamides Juliette Catherine , Laatsch Hartmut 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark of Diospyros longiflora yielded longiflorol (1), a new bergenin α-d-apioside, together with bergenin (2) and five known compounds: lupeol (S1), betulin (S2), betulinic acid (S3), stigmasterol (S4) and stigmasterol glucoside (S5). Their structures were determined by one-dimensional (1D) and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance experiments along with electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry and extended density-functional theory calculations of chiroptical properties. Longiflorol (1) and bergenin (2) were evaluated for their DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) antioxidant activity, with the crude extract for comparison and ascorbic acid as standard. The results showed that the extract and 2 had good antioxidant activity, whereas 1 showed only moderate activity at high concentration (>2 mg mL−1).
Marchetti Flat Dilatometer Tests in a Virtual Calibration Chamber
Authors: Butlanska Joanna , Arroyo Marcos , Amoroso Sara , Gens Antonio 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Calibration chambers are frequently used to verify, adapt, or both verify and adapt empirical relations between different state variables and in situ test results. Virtual calibration chambers (VCC) built with 3D discrete element models may be used to extend and partially substitute costly physical testing series. VCC are used here to explore the mechanics of flat dilatometer penetration and expansion. Results obtained for a simulation of physical tests in Ticino sand are presented. Blade tip resistance during penetration is in good agreement with the experiments. A piston-like design is used for the blade so that larger displacements may be applied than it is possible with a membrane. Initial piston pressures in the expansion curves are very low, strongly affected by the scaled-up grain sizes. Despite that difficulty, expansion curves may be easily interpreted to recover dilatometer moduli ED close to those observed in the physical experiments. Particle-scale examination of the results allows a firmer understanding of the current limitations and future potential of the technique.