bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Island hospitality, services and businesses.
Authors: Crick A. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

This chapter considers the nature of hospitality services on Caribbean islands and the changing types of tourists that warrant new approaches to ensure business success. The chapter focuses on the emerging dynamic of both 'new tourists' and millennials and identifies the implications of these groups for small island hospitality businesses. The chapter contrasts this 'new tourism' with 'old tourism', which is characterized by the tenets of McDonaldization. This is followed by a discussion of the implications for the delivery of quality service and products to both sets of tourists. The roles for the public and private sector are then discussed and the chapter concludes with lessons learned and policy recommendations.
Tourism in the Seychelles: trends and experiences.
Authors: Seetaram N. , Joubert B. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

This chapter first offers background information on tourism in the Seychelles, covering the country's tourism policy, its Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) ranking, the economic contribution of tourism, the trends in tourist arrivals, and destination's market mix. The chapter then presents the results of a netnographic analysis of discussion forums on TripAdvisor that was conducted in order to understand the consumers' perspective and their experience of Seychelles as a tourism destination. This is substantiated with the qualitative data from a National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) exit survey of tourists.
Music festivals in small island destinations.
Authors: Semrad K. J. , Rivera M. , Croes R. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

This chapter explores the contribution of music festivals to tourism in small island destinations - in particular, in Aruba and Curacao. The chapter reviews the literature discussing the ability of music festivals to contribute to tourism development and economic growth by increasing the number of international tourist arrivals to small island destinations. In so doing, the chapter assesses the theoretical frameworks grounding the role and contribution of music festivals, and the empirical results stemming from these studies. The chapter discusses the gaps in the literature, followed by lessons learned from the literature in terms of promises and pitfalls of music festivals as an experience offering that can be used by small island destinations to enhance their brand equity and international tourist demand.
The galaxy clustering crisis in abundance matching
Authors: Campbell Duncan , van den Bosch Frank C , Padmanabhan Nikhil , Mao Yao-Yuan , Zentner Andrew R , Lange Johannes U , Jiang Fangzhou , Villarreal Antonia Sierra 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Galaxy clustering on small scales is significantly underpredicted by sub-halo abundance matching (SHAM) models that populate (sub-)haloes with galaxies based on peak halo mass, Mpeak. SHAM models based on the peak maximum circular velocity, Vpeak, have had much better success. The primary reason for Mpeak-based models fail is the relatively low abundance of satellite galaxies produced in these models compared to those based on Vpeak. Despite success in predicting clustering, a simple Vpeak-based SHAM model results in predictions for galaxy growth that are at odds with observations. We evaluate three possible remedies that could ‘save’ mass-based SHAM: (1) SHAM models require a significant population of ‘orphan’ galaxies as a result of artificial disruption/merging of sub-haloes in modern high-resolution dark matter simulations; (2) satellites must grow significantly after their accretion; and (3) stellar mass is significantly affected by halo assembly history. No solution is entirely satisfactory. However, regardless of the particulars, we show that popular SHAM models based on Mpeak cannot be complete physical models as presented. Either Vpeak truly is a better predictor of stellar mass at z ∼ 0 and it remains to be seen how the correlation between stellar mass and Vpeak comes about, or SHAM models are missing vital component(s) that significantly affect galaxy clustering.
Using advanced technologies to quantify beef cattle behavior1
Authors: Richeson John T , Lawrence Ty E , White Brad J 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFor decades, we have relied upon visual observation of animal behavior to define clinical disease, assist in breeding selection, and predict growth performance. Limitations of visual monitoring of cattle behavior include training of personnel, subjectivity, and brevity. In addition, extensive time and labor is required to visually monitor behavior in large numbers of animals, and the prey instinct of cattle to disguise abnormal behaviors in the presence of a human evaluator is problematic. More recently, cattle behavior has been quantified objectively and continuously using advanced technologies to assess animal welfare, indicate lameness or disease, and detect estrus in both production and research settings. The current review will summarize three methodologies for quantification of cattle behavior with focus on U.S. beef production systems; 1) three-axis accelerometers that quantify physical behavior, 2) systems that document feeding and watering behavior via radio frequency, and 3) triangulation or global positioning systems to determine location and movement of cattle within a pen or pasture. Furthermore, advances in Wi-Fi and radio frequency technology have allowed many of these systems to operate remotely and in real-time and efforts are underway to develop commercial applications that may allow early detection of respiratory or other cattle diseases in the production environment. Current challenges with commercial application of technology for early disease detection include establishment of an appropriate algorithm to ensure maximum sensitivity and specificity, reliable and repeatable data collection in harsh environments, cost:benefit, and integration with traditional methodology for clinical diagnosis. Advanced technologies have also allowed cattle researchers to determine temporal variance in behavior or variability between experimental treatments. However, these data sets are typically very large and challenges exist regarding statistical analysis and reporting.
What are the cardiovascular effects of the newer classes of drugs for type 2 diabetes?
Authors: Covino Jean , Hoffman Jennifer 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
New classes of drugs to treat type 2 diabetes are continually being developed and marketed. The FDA has issued guidance to the pharmaceutical industry that newer hypoglycemic agents should not be associated with unacceptable increases in cardiovascular risk. To date, five trials have assessed specific cardiovascular endpoints for these newer agents. Empagliflozin and liraglutide have been found to improve cardiovascular outcomes.
FDA Warns Against Unregulated Products
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: February 2018

Some drugs that aren't approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may still be legally sold in the United States. These include drugs compounded by licensed physicians, pharmacists, and pharmacies. However, drugs manufactured in other countries that do not come from reputable sources cannot be legally sold here, although these drugs can sometimes be purchased online.The FDA reports on adverse events from two unregulated products: a compounded subcutaneous drug (glutamine, arginine, and carnitine) and an overseas product, Balguti Kesaria Ayurvedic Medicine, which is adulterated and potentially lethal.The agency's BeSafeRX web page contains resources to help patients determine if an online pharmacy is reputable.
Risk of Heart-Related Death From Gout Medication
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: February 2018

Preliminary results from a clinical safety trial of the gout medication febuxostat (Uloric) indicate that, when compared with allopurinol, the standard gout treatment, febuxostat increases the risk of heart-related deaths.The Food and Drug Administration will provide additional information after the final trial results are submitted and analyzed.
Clinical Updates in Women’s Health Care Summary: Arthritis
Authors: Pattanaik Debendra 
Published: February 2018

Abstract:
Arthritis is a commonly encountered problem in daily clinical practice, and with an aging population it will be as prevalent as any other chronic illness, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Obstetrician–gynecologists often encounter patients with arthritic symptoms in their practices. They may find it challenging to identify the underlying cause of arthritis and provide recommendations, as well as provide obstetric care to patients with known arthritis. The monograph will discuss common forms of arthritis, diagnostic testing and appropriate management, and referral of patients who need specialized care. Commonly encountered forms of inflammatory arthritis are discussed in this monograph with special emphasis on diagnosis and management. Management of arthritis in the context of pregnancy and lactation also is discussed.
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) Under Previous DMEK for Secondary Endothelial Graft Failure
Authors: Alió del Barrio Jorge L. , Vega-Estrada Alfredo , Alió Jorge L. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose:
To describe an alternative treatment option for secondary Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) graft failure, using a second DMEK graft without primary graft removal (“DMEK under DMEK”).

Methods:
A 72-year-old patient with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy in the left eye underwent an 8.25-mm second DMEK under an 8.5-mm failed DMEK because of previous graft rejection and subsequent secondary failure.

Results:
Corrected distance visual acuity improved from 0.2 (decimal scale) before surgery to 0.56 (best visual potential due to concomitant preexisting macular damage) from the first month after surgery and up to sixth-month follow-up. Complete corneal transparency was achieved from the first postoperative day and remained until the end of the follow-up. Pachymetry returned to normal values within the first month. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed.

Conclusions:
A second DMEK graft without peeling or removing the first DMEK graft is an alternative treatment option for DMEK graft secondary failure. This approach is able to achieve full anatomical and functional restoration of the prefailure status. This technique allows a second graft surgery to be easier, faster, and with less intraoperative risks (as a result of a potential difficult host descemetorhexis). Future studies with larger samples and a longer follow-up are necessary to confirm the short and long-term outcomes of this new DMEK under DMEK approach.
Identifying Poor-Performing Hospitals in the Medicare Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program: An Assessment of Reliability
Authors: Soltoff Samuel , Koenig Lane , Demehin Akinluwa A. , Foster Nancy E. , Vaz Christopher 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) estimated that Medicare's Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program (HAC-RP) would reduce hospital payments by $364 million in fiscal year 2016. Although observers have questioned the validity of certain HAC-RP measures, less attention has been paid to the determination of low-performing hospitals (bottom quartile) and the reliability of penalty assignment. This study used publicly available data from CMS's Hospital Compare to simulate the consistency of hospitals' scores and the assignment of penalties under repeated measurement with no change in each hospital's underlying quality. The simulation showed that 64.0% of all hospitals and 40.6% of hospitals subject to payment penalty are statistically significantly different from the penalty threshold at the 95% confidence level. The proportion of hospitals statistically different from the threshold showed significant variation by ownership status, teaching status, bed size, and other factors. The simulation further showed that due only to chance, 18.0% of penalized hospitals would escape penalty on repeated measurement. Policymakers should consider alterations to the HAC-RP to improve its reliability.
Relationship Between Accountable Care Organization Status and 30-Day Hospital-wide Readmissions: Are All Accountable Care Organizations Created Equal?
Authors: Mask Andrew , Adepoju Omolola E. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective:
We compare hospital readmission rates by accountable care organization (ACO) status with national readmission averages, to determine whether ACO affiliation influences 30-day hospital-wide readmission rates.

Methods:
Data from the 2015 American Hospital Association Survey of Care Systems and Payment database were merged with Centers for Medicare and Medicaid's 2015 Hospital Compare Deaths and Readmissions data set. A multinomial logistic regression model is used to examine readmission rates, categorized as better, no different, or worse, in comparison to national averages, by ACO status.

Results:
Compared with Non-ACO hospitals and holding the covariates constant, the relative risk of having better than national average readmissions was 1.85 in Medicare ACO hospitals (p = .36). Compared with facilities in the Northeast region, the relative risk of having better than national average readmissions was 2.21 for facilities in the West (p = .10). Facilities in the Midwest and Southern regions had a lower risk of having better than national average rates (Relative Risk: 0.90 and 0.23, respectively; p = .83 and .06, respectively). As hospital beds increase, facilities have significantly lower risks of having worse than national average readmissions.

Conclusions:
Overall, the ACO status did not significantly improve readmissions. However, Medicare ACOs performed better than non-Medicare ACOs and those hospitals without any reported ACO arrangements.
Toward Optimizing Global Learning Opportunities for US Physical Therapy Students: A Description of Current Practices and Initial Recommendations
Authors: Audette Jennifer , Peterson Cathy , Svien Lana 
Published: February 2018

Purpose.
To examine and describe the structure, curricular objectives, and outcome measurement practices of faculty developing and providing international opportunities in physical therapy education programs and to provide guidance and initial recommendations for faculty.

Background.
Physical therapy educational programs are adding international opportunities as a way to address the increasingly global nature of the profession. Guidelines to enhance practice, optimize the experience, and provide structure for managing risk are warranted.

Methods.
A researcher-developed survey was distributed to 216 physical therapy education programs and professional listservs. Respondents from 56 programs (26%) returned the survey. Data were analyzed descriptively.

Results.
Most respondents cited global understanding as critical to the physical therapy profession, and the reason for involving students in global learning opportunities. Knowledge of the host site, sustainability, and potential strength of partnership were cited as the most important factors when choosing an international community partner. Risk management efforts included supplemental insurance, availability of emergency contact information, safe transportation and housing plans, and plans for adverse occurrences.

Conclusion.
This study supplements previous literature in designing international student experiences. Activities addressing clear purposes and expected outcomes for all participants, including the community partner, and the university-community partnership before, during, and after the experience are essential.
Happy 40th Year—You've Come a Long Way, CAPTE!
Authors: Harris Mary Jane , Hinman Martha R. , Marcoux Beth C. , Swisher Laura L. 
Published: February 2018

Background and Purpose.
The purpose of this article is to review the 40-year history of the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE), highlight its contributions and controversies, and reflect on how it has influenced the physical therapy profession.

Position and Rationale.
It is our contention that CAPTE has played a pivotal role in shaping the direction of physical therapy education since its inception in 1977, and that it will continue to do so in the future despite multiple challenges related to expanding government regulations, an ever-changing health care delivery system, a proliferation of new programs, ongoing faculty shortages, and growing concerns over an unsustainable model for clinical education. The evolution of CAPTE's accreditation standards over the past 40 years has also been instrumental in advancing physical therapy education, practice, and research as they continue to raise the bar for faculty qualifications, scholarly expectations, curricular content, and the designated entry-level degree for physical therapy practitioners. Although these and other issues will continue to challenge CAPTE's resources and processes, we are confident that CAPTE will adapt as needed to fulfill its mission of assuring quality and continuous improvement in physical therapy education.

Discussion and Conclusion.
The physical therapy profession can take pride in the outstanding reputation that CAPTE has established as a model of best practices in specialized accreditation. By reflecting on CAPTE's 40-year history and present status, we have shown how well CAPTE has served the interests of the public and the profession. In looking forward, we share CAPTE's vision for becoming an autonomous, self-governing body that sets global standards which will positively affect physical therapy education and practice for years to come.
Faculty-Lived Experiences Integrating Technology-Assisted Educational Practices Into an Entry-Level Physical Therapy Curriculum
Authors: Donlan Pamela , Alpert Shannon 
Published: February 2018

Introduction.
Across the nation, innovative technologies have changed instructional practices throughout higher education. In physical therapist education programs, faculty must work to integrate technology into a complex academic curriculum that prepares students to be hands-on health care practitioners. The purpose of this study was to uncover how physical therapy (PT) faculty make sense of their lived experiences integrating innovative technology-assisted educational practices into their entry-level curriculums.

Methods.
Ten participants were recruited from the PT department at an urban university in the northeastern United States. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore participants' experiences and gather data through individualized, semistructured interviews.

Results.
Data analysis yielded three superordinate themes: awareness of barriers, appreciation for educational contributions, and respect for program integrity. Findings revealed that faculty experienced internal and external barriers that affected technology integration efforts. In addition, they were encouraged by the ability of technology to reach diverse learners and promote metacognition and were enthusiastic about the pedagogical advantages of student input. Furthermore, in-person instruction and intentional, judicious technology integration was perceived as crucial to program integrity.

Discussion and Conclusion.
Exploration of faculty experiences gave rise to a unique subtheme of sense of dependence as a barrier that has not been directly reported in the literature. Similarly, respect for program integrity formed a unique superordinate theme that is worthy of future research. Findings are relevant to administrators and PT faculty as they work to advance quality pedagogy. They are also of value to technical support specialists because they strive to provide technology-based training and guidance and of value to students because they seek to expand their knowledge.
Simple Hysterectomy for Residual Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasm
Authors: Binyamin Liat , Segev Meirav , Peled Yoav , Krissi Haim , Sabah Gad , Raban Oded , Jakobson-Setton Ariella , Ben-Haroush Avi , Eitan Ram 
Published: February 2018

Objective
Many patients undergo hysterectomy for the treatment of cervical dysplasia. Factors that correlate with residual high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL) at hysterectomy are not clear. We set out to determine preoperative features that may predict residual disease for patients treated for cervical dysplasia.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective database was reviewed for women who underwent simple hysterectomy for HGSIL between 1990 and 2013. Clinical data included age, history of dysplasia, initial treatment, follow-up colposcopy, indications for surgery, time elapsed between initial treatments, and pathology findings after hysterectomy. Significant residual disease was defined as HGSIL or cervical carcinoma. Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS, independent Student t test, and Pearson χ2 test. Significance was set at p < .05.

Results
Eighty-three women met the study criteria. The indication for hysterectomy was residual histological finding at conization pathology in 30 women and patients' request in 53 women. Residual disease was found in 42 hysterectomy specimens: in 16 of 30 with residual histological finding and in 26 of the 53 patients' request. Reason for the hysterectomy was not statistically significant for residual disease (p = .708). Median age of patients with residual disease was 46.5 years versus 44.1 years for those without residua (p = .02). Postmenopausal patients had a higher rate of residual disease, 12 (32.4%) of the 28 premenopausal patients and 25 (67.6%) of the 54 postmenopausal patients (p = .04). Conization margin status was not associated with residual disease (p = .878).

Conclusions
Older women and those in menopause are at significantly higher risk of residual disease at hysterectomy.
Effect of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus but Normal Cytology at Test of Cure on Achieving Colposcopy Standards
Authors: Kalampokas Emmanouil , Wilson Judith , Gurumurthy Mahalakshmi , Cruickshank Margaret E. 
Published: February 2018

Objective
In United Kingdom., test of cure after treatment of any grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) incorporates high-risk human papillomavirus (Hr-HPV) test and cytology at 6-month follow-up. The aims of the study were to determine the rate of recurrent CIN in women who are Hr-HPV positive and cytology negative and to explore possible associated risk factors.

Methods
A retrospective observational cohort study was performed in women treated for any grade CIN between 2010 and 2015 from a regional population, who were Hr-HPV positive and cytology negative at first follow-up.

Results
A total of 2729 women were identified as treated for any grade CIN, and 213 (7.8%) were re-referred to colposcopy having Hr-HPV–positive test and negative cytology at test of cure. Their mean age was 31.56 years (range = 19–62 years). The mean time of follow-up per woman was 30.50 months (range = 2–63 months). At colposcopy, 171 (80.3%) had colposcopy examination only and 42 women (19.7%) had a biopsy. Twenty-four cases (11.3%) of CIN were identified of which 4 (1.9%) were CIN 2/3. Eleven women (5.2%) in total had a repeat treatment. Five women (2.3%) had biopsy-proven CIN 2/3 within 12-months after treatment. No cases of CIN 3+ after negative colposcopy were identified during the follow-up period.

Conclusions
The incorporation of Hr-HPV testing yielded a very small number of women with residual CIN within 12 months of treatment. Our results suggest that women who are Hr-HPV positive and cytology negative after treatment of CIN with normal and adequate colposcopy could be discharged to routine recall if confirmed by larger national data.