bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversidad específica y su estado de conservación en las Lomas de Mangomarca, Perú
Authors: Rosales Benites (†) Marina , Castro Augusto , Lleellish Miguel , Mejía Jesús A. , Amaya Pedro M. , Carrasco Judith M. , Villafani-Vega Iris , Robles Rosmary , Vega Violeta , Franco Celso J. 
Published: October 2024

Se caracterizó la diversidad específica del ecosistema frágil «Lomas de Mangomarca», ubicada en el distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho (Lima, Perú), a través de la identificación de las especies de líquenes, briófitos, plantas vasculares, reptiles, aves y mamíferos. Se incidió en el estado de conservación de las especies que habitan este ecosistema, conforme a la normatividad nacional de especies amenazadas. Se evaluaron las amenazas al ecosistema de lomas, mediante la observación directa en campo y la percepción de los pobladores por medio de encuestas. Se registraron 10 especies de líquenes, 4 de briófitos y 36 plantas vasculares, las cuales fueron complementadas con datos de estudios anteriores, dando un total de 67 especies, 28 aves, 3 reptiles y 1 mamífero, de las cuales 18 son especies endémicas de Perú. El estado de conservación de las especies a nivel global presenta 40 especies en riesgo de extinción incluidas en la Lista Roja global de la IUCN y 8 especies amenazadas a nivel nacional. El principal impulsor directo de amenaza al ecosistema de las Lomas de Mangomarca es la pérdida de hábitat causada por la expansión del casco urbano, y el impulsor indirecto, la débil gobernanza en las lomas. La conservación en este ecosistema es vital para evitar la extinción a nivel local de especies claves que habitan estos ecosistemas frágiles, debido a que el 35% de las especies registradas se encuentran en riesgo de extinción a nivel global y hay una reducción de la cobertura vegetal del 49% al 2020 con referencia al año 2000.
Nessler Method Verification for Determining Ammonia in Shrimp Pond Wastewater and Its Application in the Ammonia Adsorption Test with Lampung Natural Zeolite
Authors: Juliasih Ni Luh Gede Ratna , Ratri Lia Madyo , Setyawan Andi , Rilyanti Mita , Rinawati Rinawati , Kiswandono Agung Abadi , Kurniawati Fitri 
Published: October 2024

Ammonia levels exceeding 0.50 mg/L can threaten organisms in aquatic environments. The Nessler method is one of the ammonia analysis methods based on the reaction between ammonia in a basic solution and Nessler reagent (K<sub>2</sub>HgI<sub>4</sub>), forming a colloidal dispersion with a brownish-yellow colour. The colour intensity is determined by spectrophotometry. This research aims to verify the Nessler method for determining ammonia levels in shrimp pond wastewater. The research results indicate that the Nessler method shows good linearity in the range of ammonia concentrations from 1 to 5 mg/L, with a correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) value of 0.9962. The precision value was determined from repeatability, expressed as %RSD (Relative Standard Deviation), i.e., 1.92%, and it meets acceptance criteria, which should be less than 0.5 of the Horwitz RSD. The accuracy obtained from the standard addition method provides a percentage recovery value of 99.25%, meeting the AOAC acceptance criteria. The detection limit and quantification limit of the technique are 0.3883 mg/L and 1.2943 mg/L, respectively. The verified method is then applied to analyze shrimp pond wastewater samples from Sriminosari Village, East Lampung, resulting in an ammonia concentration of 1.52 mg/L. The ammonia levels were then reduced by adsorption with natural zeolite Lampung, decreasing ammonia levels by 20.30%. Meanwhile, adsorption with an activated zeolite reduced the ammonia levels by 45.30%.
Enhancement of Liberica Coffee Quality by Wet Fermentation using Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Tarigan Indra Lasmana , Aulia Ericha , Heriyanti Heriyanti , Latief Madyawati , Sutrisno Sutrisno 
Published: October 2024

Coffee is a tree species in the Rubiaceae family and Coffea genus. One way to enhance the value of coffee commodities is by using fermentation technology. Fermentation can use probiotic bacteria found in mongoose digestive tracts, creating coffee with a unique taste and aroma. <em>Bacillus subtilis </em>is one of these bacteria, offering an alternative to those from mongoose. This study aimed to analyze the effects of fermentation using <em>B. subtilis</em> bacteria on the physicochemical and sensory properties of Liberica coffee. The study method included bacteria preparation, coffee fermentation, and testing. The samples' total phenolics, flavonoids, caffeine, and chlorogenic acid contents were estimated. The analysis was performed using UV-Vis and GC-MS spectrophotometers. The results revealed that the fermentation process using <em>B. subtilis </em>improved the sensory and physical qualities of the fermented Liberica coffee. The total values of phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidants of the fermented Liberica coffee were higher than that of the original coffee. GC-MS analysis exhibited compounds in the fermented coffee in which the highest was N-Dodecyl-N-(trifluoroacetyl)dodecanamide (C<sub>26</sub>H<sub>48</sub>F<sub>3</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>), with a retention time of 23.73 minutes and an area percentage of 18.96%. Moreover, the caffeine and chlorogenic acid of the fermented Liberica coffee was lower than that of the original coffee.
Optimizing Well Performance: Leveraging Flow Back Loops for Packer Removal Assessment
Authors: Al Manthari M. , Ferdiansyah E. , Abuawad A. , Ali A. , Al Mahrouqi A. , Al Hashli M. , Al Zaabi A. , Busaidi Y. , Al Gheilani H. , Ji P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to address and mitigate the exacerbated ESP gas lock issues in packer completion operations, in Microporous reservoirs in North West Oman, that hinder fluid lifting, reduce production rates, and cause frequent ESP trips. By introducing an innovative solution for packer removal, it seeks to enhance ESP performance, prolong run life, and significantly reduce deferment, particularly in microporous/tight reservoirs with limited water injection support. Packer removal is considered justified under the company's well integrity management practices if a well cannot flow naturally within three days. To evaluate this, flowback tests were conducted in the field to assess natural well flowing capability within this timeframe. Multiple campaigns successfully demonstrated free-flow capability under ambient conditions. Additionally, Dynamic Transient Simulation analysis was used to predict natural flow following ESP shut-ins under atmospheric backpressure conditions. Model validation and sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate ESP shut-ins and restarts without activating the ESP. The correlation between simulation results and flowback test findings reinforced the reliability of the conclusions. The implementation of flowback loop technology has shown substantial practical benefits. Based on flowback loop and dynamic transient modeling, the inaugural campaign of packer removal from four wells significantly reduced ESP trips, improved operational efficiency, and decreased oil deferment. In 2023, packer removal where feasible led to a net oil deferment reduction of approximately 22,000 barrels. By 2024, extending packer removal to 18 wells further reduced deferment by around 750 bbl/d. This technology not only improves production by allowing gas to escape, preventing gas lock conditions, but also ensures well integrity compliance without the adverse effects of traditional packer use. This dual benefit showcases a forward-thinking approach to managing ESP gas lock issues. The adoption of flowback loop technology combined with dynamic modeling represents a significant strategic advancement. This solution enables real-time evaluation of a well's natural flow capacity within the critical initial 72-hour period post-installation. This approach aligns with well integrity management standards, providing a proactive solution to prevent future gas lock issues and enhancing overall operational efficiency.
Resolving Rigless ESP Deployment Challenges Using a Modified Coiled Tubing Injector Head
Authors: Sarian Serko , Banjar Hattan , Chidirim Ejim , Munif Eiman 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Electric Submersible Pumps (ESPs) are conventionally rig-deployed via production tubing, with clamped-on power cable. The long wait and installation times incur high operating expenses, with large surface and carbon footprints. Riglessly-deployed, permanent ESP systems address the above limitations, but challenges include safe deployment of the large, heavy high-power cable and ESP to the required setting depths. This paper discusses a solution using commercial Coiled Tubing unit with modified injector head grippers.
A wireline-style, stranded armor power cable design offers the best compromise for flexibility, and long-term operational reliability inside a well. Cable damage by Coiled Tubing Injector head during deployment, however, can be a showstopper. A Finite Element Analysis (FEA), followed by multiple gripper designs and lab tests led to the optimum gripper architecture. The target Injector head was then fitted with one gripper set. Dynamic and static tests were performed with the ESP power cable. Correct gripper pressures, maximum safe loads and operating risks were determined for field operations. Crew training procedures were updated to address the critical deployment challenge.
After installation and retrieval from the test well, the cable was inspected for damage. The maximum static pull test cable sample was stripped down to the individual conductors and thoroughly inspected for external and internal mechanical and electrical damage. Besides the intentional gripper slippage surface wear, no internal damage or cable mechanical integrity compromise were observed. The decision was made to proceed with full-field trial using operational settings recorded during the tests. A complete set of operational instructions and guidelines was also established for the upcoming ESP field trial.
The novel gripper design and rigorous testing proved that stranded armor cables can be safely conveyed using Coiled Tubing Injector heads. Thus, saving significant cost and time that would have been spent developing fit-for-purpose cable deployment winch units and reels.
Exploring the Relationship Between H2S Concentration and ESP Failures: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Alomran Abdulaziz Y. , Alghamdi Anwar S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Achieving a balance between efficiency and sustainability is imperative to meet the rising demand of oil production. The study aims to analyze Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) impact on the operational run life of Electric Submersible Pumps (ESPs), with the objective of identifying optimal conditions that prolong ESP longevity, reduce environmental footprint, and enhance sustainability.
The study applied a comprehensive analytical approach using a large sample size and investigated how higher H2S concentrations impacts ESP run life, considering various reservoir parameters over extended periods. Additionally, the analysis included historical data in diverse field environments, covering different H2S concentrations, to ensure broad applicability unlocking room for improvement, by examining a large sample size and employing analytical techniques, this study sheds light on the factors influencing ESP longevity, thus contributing to enhanced understanding and sustainable practices in oil production.
The analysis revealed inverse relationship between H2S concentration and ESP run life. Lower ESP run life was notably found in reservoirs with high H2S concentrations, leading to increased environmental impact and reduced sustainable well production. In order to mitigate H2S impact on run life, different ESP pumps and completion types are utilized based on reservoir conditions. In harsh well environments with high H2S levels, ESPs fitted with metal-to-metal Motor Lead Extension (MLE) are deployed to prolong the longevity of ESP systems, while in milder conditions, ESPs with conventional MLE serve. Overall, the findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between H2S, fluid properties, and ESP run life, guiding the adoption of sustainable production strategies that optimize productivity while mitigating environmental harm.
This research presents novel and valuable viewpoints on how H2S affects ESP run life, while also highlighting strategies for identifying optimal conditions to enhance ESPs efficiency and prolong their run life and sustainability. These discoveries can serve as a cornerstone for refining industry standards and methodologies, advocating for a more sustainable paradigm in oil and gas extraction.
Historical case of Offshore application of Booster ESP in wells with Heavy Oil and High Percentage of H2S and CO2
Authors: Castillo Juan A. Sordo , Paez Libar A. Vega , Perez Sarita Y. Sandoval 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this document is to share the development of the application of Booster ESP in wells with high power requirements and high rates which are located in Marine Region of México where fails means high impacts in costs. These reservoirs are characterized for its high annual decline rate of reservoir pressure, from 4 to 7 kg/cm2 per year what means low statics level of fluid, 2000 tvd, and low pump intake pressures compared to the bubble pressure of the field, in addition to heavy crude oil (10 °API) with low percentage of water (0 – 30%), high percentage (&gt;20%mol) of hydrogen sulfide acid (H2S), high percentage (&gt;10%mol) of carbon dioxide (CO2) and high temperatures (from 120 to 130 °C). The application of this kind of completions or configurations where Dual ESP Pods operate simultaneously, will allow to widen the operational range of those wells or ESP that are limited by power, depth, pressure, or temperature through a distribution of loads between both ESP reducing power requirements and motor temperature and hence, scale precipitation, increasing the ESP run life. Once Booster system design was defined, an application plan which consist of two phases was deployed, the first phase showed that Upper ESP operate with high motor temperature vs Lower ESP, about 4 and 8%, this due to heat transfer. The second phase, where the dual ESP system was optimized and designed according to the well needs show excellent results, reducing current consumption and power requirements between 20 and 40%, furthermore, motor temperature reduce almost 10%.
The novelty of this project is in the ability to increase the experience with this kind of operational philosophy with heavy oil, high temperature and low-pressure reservoirs, that will allow to increase run life and reduce operating costs for interventions due to recurrent failures.
Remote VSD Installation of a Single-Well Platform
Authors: Alghamd Albaraa A. , Alomran Abdulaziz Y. , Alwadaani Abdulrahman T. , Wirasupena Harisza K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Single-well production platforms have presented challenges in terms of the limited footprint of facility upgrades as well as the associated cost of upgrading platforms. The paper will address the installation of a remote VSD system to operate the ESP installed on a single-well platform.
The approach for such a novel project is to locate the closest platform with the required infrastructure available. This is to facilitate ESP deployment on a single-well platform with limited floor space for mounting the surface equipment. To avoid major modifications to the platform structure, the VSD is installed in another platform within the vicinity. Both platforms are connected with a 5 KV submarine cable to operate the ESP remotely.
The subject remote VSD installation on the single-well platform has resulted in a cost avoidance of capital expenditure compared to the conventional platform upgrades to accommodate ESP surface equipment. A minor upgrade to the single-well platform was done for ESP installation to unlock the well's potential in combination with VSD installation on the nearest platform.
The voltage drop in this case is much higher in the single-well platform than in the conventional platform due to the distance from the remote VSD to the ESP. Additionally, the specifications of the cable ensured that the readings were transmitted and available at the VSD skid. The novelty of the remote VSD system is that it will unlock the potential and avoid associated capital costs of upgrading single-well platforms that are constrained due to platform limitations.
Optimized ESP Operations: The Impact of Comprehensive Troubleshooting Workflows on Remote and Field Operations
Authors: McPhail A. G. , Atencia J. P. , Corredor F. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Unconventional wells pose significant challenges, making effective Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) troubleshooting essential to enhance production and prolong equipment life. This paper details the successful resolution and prevention of ESP-related problems through comprehensive troubleshooting workflows that connect remote and field operations for a key operator in the Bakken. The consistent execution of these workflows has improved ESP uptime, longevity, and increased production. The operation's success depended on advanced decision trees, digital tools, and efficient communication among team members.
Implementing an operations-tailored ESP optimization team featuring round-the-clock subject matter experts and dedicated field service technicians led to the development of an operational playbook. This comprehensive guideline encompassed proactive trend evaluation, troubleshooting procedures, performance evaluations, and communication protocols. Utilizing SCADA platforms, data analytics, and visualization software, the team provided 24/7/365 monitoring and optimization for hundreds of ESP systems in the Bakken. Through continuous collaboration with the operator and dedicated field service technicians, troubleshooting workflows helped determine whether specific issues required remote or on-site resolution, increasing operational efficiency.
By successfully executing these workflows, ESP uptime, run life, and premature equipment failure rates improved significantly. From 2021 to 2023, field-wide average uptime rose from 94.4% to 96.5% across all assets. Equipment run life increased by 51.3%, equivalent to 117 days, and premature equipment failures (less than 180 days run life) decreased by 63.7%. In a distribution of approximately 35,000 shutdowns, the 24/7 monitoring and optimization team operator observed ~48% fewer high motor temperature shutdowns than the cumulative average for Bakken operators.
This paper presents detailed solutions to troubleshooting the ESP-related problems associated with unconventional wells. It encompasses sophisticated decision trees, utilizing digital tools, and underscores the importance of immediate collaboration between the operator, remote engineers, and field personnel. Implementing a customer-specific ESP optimization team and playbook provides a comprehensive approach, offering fresh insights into integrated problem-solving in the petroleum sector.
A Case Study of Well Integrity Challenges and Resolutions for the Gas Lift Appraisal Project: How 42 Gas Lift Wells Were Developed Post Mitigation of Well Integrity Challenges to Meet Double Barrier Compliance
Authors: Soni Dhirendra Kumar , Mohammed Al Breiki Noora 
Published: October 2024

Gas lift is a widely used artificial lift technique to enhance the production of oil and gas wells. However, gas lift operations pose significant well integrity challenges, especially in sour fields where the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) can cause severe corrosion, erosion and stress cracking of the well components. Moreover, gas lift wells require double barrier compliance to prevent the uncontrolled release of hydrocarbons and sour gas to the environment, which can have catastrophic consequences for the health, safety and environment (HSE) of the personnel and the facilities. Therefore, gas lift wells demand special consideration for the casing selection and design, cement compliance, completion material, wellhead surface design, preventive maintenance and HSE testing to meet double barrier requirements.
This paper presents a case study of the well integrity challenges encountered and solutions implemented during the gas lift appraisal project in a sour field in the UAE. The paper aims to discuss the well integrity challenges faced during appraisal study for two wells and demonstrate how the operator was able to achieve double barrier compliance for the gas lift operations during the development of 42 gas lift wells. The paper also intends to provide valuable insights and lessons learned for improving the performance and reliability of gas lift wells in mature sour field.
Understanding the value of meningococcal vaccination for adolescents and young adults in the United States
Authors: Langevin Edith , Robertson Corey , Galarza Katherine , Dogu Alp , Cristeau Olivier , Clay Emilie , Wu Jianhong , Shin Thomas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A two-dose series of quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY) is recommended for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in adolescents in the United States. In June 2024, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices discussed plans to review the adolescent meningococcal vaccination schedule. Various options are under consideration, including removing the first dose of MenACWY at age 11-12 years.
OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the public health impact and cost-effectiveness of administering one or two doses of MenACWY compared to a scenario with no vaccination.
METHODS: We constructed an incidence-based population model to compare costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) associated with different vaccination schedules in a cohort of 11–25-year-olds, from a societal perspective, over a lifetime analytic horizon for outcomes related to death and disabilities. The main analyses compared the standard of care (SoC) to no vaccination and two doses of quadrivalent vaccine at 11 years and 16 years of age to no vaccination. Further scenarios examined the impact of alternative assumptions applied to the first and/or second dose of MenACWY.
RESULTS: Compared to no vaccination, the SoC was projected to reduce IMD cases by 277 per year, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $625,322/QALY. Administering 2 doses of MenACWY was projected to reduce the annual number of IMD cases by 275 at an ICER of $438,948/QALY, which increased to 631 at an ICER of $190,030/QALY when herd immunity was considered. Alternatively, if only 1 dose of MenACWY were administered, the reduction in cases would be 253 if administered at 11–12 years old and 125 if given at 16 years, with ICERs of $252,249 per QALY and $352,169/QALY, respectively. Assuming a 25% increase in vaccination coverage rate, one MenACWY dose at 16 years resulted in 156 cases avoided.
CONCLUSIONS: The two doses of MenACWY that are currently recommended play a crucial role in reducing the burden of IMD and the first dose contributes significantly (≥ 90%) to this reduction. It is essential to take this finding into account when considering any updates to the adolescent meningococcal vaccination schedule in the United States.