bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological and phenological properties of sour cherry varieties grown in Hungary and their inter-incompatibility relations
Authors: Nyéki J. , Szabó Z. , Szabó T. , Soltész M. 
Published: December 2018

Regular observations and experiments were performed during a 14 year period on 6 sour cherry varieties. The morphological traits of leaves and fruits were compared, and the phenology of blooming as well as of ripening dates served to start an estimation of the possibilities of mutual pollination and the planning of harvest operations. Experiments involved obligate autogamy, artificially controlled allogamy and open pollination in order to reveal self-fertility, self-sterility or inter-incompatibility relations.
The varietal characters represent, each, different values in the distinction of the items, because of their intra-varietal variability. From that point of view, the most reliable are the data of blooming and ripening time, fruit size and the fertility relations.
Inter-incompatibility was observed between the group of self-fertile, "Pándy type" varieties (`Újfehértói fürtös’, ‘Debreceni bőtermő’, ‘Kántorjánosi’) on one side and the selection of Pándy 7', a self-sterile variety on the other side. Unilateral incompatibility has been detected within the former group of new, self-fertile varieties, the combinations: (`Újfehértói fürtös’ x ‘Debreceni bőtermő’ as well as `Újfehértói fürtös’ x Kántorjánosi’.
Our results prove the close kinship between those three new varieties and the original Pándy variety on the base of being highly similar in their morphology and also of the fact of their inter-incompatibility, though unilateral.
Application of pollen mixing device in front of the hive entrance
Authors: Szalai Z. 
Published: December 2018

The model of a pollen mixing device was tested in sunflower culture in order to detect the effectiveness in helping the out-going honey bees to carry more and different varieties of pollen grains on the body and body hairs. This model is build from line hairs of brushes facing each other that can keep and release pollen grains. The brushes are functioning as pollen receiver-transmitter units. The effectiveness was tested by examining the number and the species of the pollen grains adhered to the bees passing through the entrance. The amount of pollen and the number of pollen species on the hive with the device was significantly higher than on the control hive.
The data were analysed by variance analysis and significant differences were found according to the number and species of pollen grains between the incoming and outgoing bees.
Flower visiting activity of honeybees on fruit species blooming subsequently
Authors: Soltész M. , Benedek P. , Nyéki J. , Szabó Z. , Tóth T. 
Published: December 2018

In the small demonstration orchard of the College Faculty of Horticulture at Kecskemét the blooming time, the flower density and the honeybee activity was observed at a number of cultivars of 20 flower species during four consecutive years.
Fruit crop species were in flower during 3-4 months altogether. The blooming period of them was classified into five groups as early (almond, apricot, gooseberry), middle early (sweet cherry, red currant, currant-gooseberry, black currant, white currant, peach, plum, sour cherry), middle late (pear, strawberry, apple), late (black elder, quince, medlar, raspberry, blackberry-raspberry) and very late blooming period (blackberry). The blooming period of the members of the groups of early and medium early blooming often coincided partly and the same happened between the medium and the medium late as well as between fruits of late and very late flowering.
The flower density of some fruit species is extremely variable (currant-gooseberry, medlar), while at others it is fairly stable and evenly dense in consecutive years (sour cherry, sweet cherry, strawberry). At other fruit species it is moderately changeable. Some fruit species tended to attract more honeybees than others (plum, apple, quince, medlar) and some of them tended to attract much less (black elder, pear) but most species can be regarded as of medium attractivity.
On the flowers of some fruit species (pear, strawberry, quince) honeybees gathered pollen predominantly. At most fruit species however pollen and nectar gathering behaviour seemed to be gradually changing during the season. Namely most honeybees tended to gather pollen at the flowers of the early blooming fruit species, but on the other hand typical foraging behaviour gradually shifted to nectar gathering at the flowers of fruit species of moderate and late blooming periods.
General defense system in the plant kingdom
Authors: Szarka J. , Csilléry G. 
Published: December 2018

The goal of plant breeders is to improve the resistance of crops against virus, bacterium and fungus pathogens was easiest to achieve by selection for phenotypes displaying the hypersensitive reaction. The resistant plant of that type keeps its health by preventing or delaying the systemization of the pathogen by destruction of cells and tissues of variable size or amputation of the contaminated organs. The faster the reaction of the host plant is the more efficient and economical is the defense, since the extent of tissue destruction decreases proportionally with the speed of reaction.
During a breeding program for resistance carried out on several plant species, mainly vegetables over thirty years, also an alternative defense reaction has been experienced, which fundamentally differs from the hypersensitive reaction. In that reaction the cells and tissues of the host plant being exposed to the pathogen do not die, on the contrary they hinder systemization of the pathogen by tissue thickening. An additional significant difference is that on the contrary to hypersensitive reaction this reaction is less host- or pathogen-specific and works excellently even at high temperature (over 40 °C).
The effect of rootstock on the nectar production of apple cultivar `Idared'
Authors: Nagy Tóth E. , Orosz-Kovács Zs. 
Published: December 2018

Approaches based on the daily rhythm of apple flowers provide a new stage in nectar research, where the synchronous functioning of sexual organs is studied. In the flower biological studies the insect attraction of flowers was also studied. The two most important factors of insect attraction are the pollen- and nectar production of the flowers. From 1993 to 1998 we studied the food, that flower had to offer for the pollinating insects at different times of the day.
Studies were carried out on 'Idared', one of the hybrids of 'Jonathan' apple cultivar. The fruit of 'Idared' is bigger than the fruit of `Jonathan'. It is bright red, transportable, has a bigger productivity and is not subject to Jonathan-spots. Concerning its inner characteristics, it is juicy, the flesh consistency is better than that of 'Jonathan', but its acid/sugar ratio is worse (Sansavini et al. 1981).
Certification programme for production of virus-free propagating material of grapevine and its results in Hungary
Authors: Lázár J. , Mikulás J. , Farkas G. , Kölber M. 
Published: December 2018

In Hungary, detection of virus and virus-like diseases of grapevine began in 1960's at the Research Institute for Viticulture and Enology by János Lehoczky and his colleagues. At present, sixteen virus and virus-like diseases of Vitis vinifera are known to occur in Hungary.
Regular virological screening of grapevine varieties started in 1972. The present system of screening (visual selection, indexing, ELISA) has been established using methods with continuous improvement according to recommendations of international organizations.
In the first year symptomless grapevine plants are selected and marked during surveys carried out twice in the vegetation period: at about flowering and in the second half of September. At the first selection time plants are sampled for ELISA.
In the spring of the second year, overwintered canes are checked by woody indexing on 8 indicator species in the field.
In the third and fourth years the nursery is evaluated twice again. At the end, the marked grapevine plants, giving negative results on all indicators in every case, are considered virus-free.
In autumn of the fourth year, the virus-free material is planted out under screenhouse and also in a special mother block (nuclear stock) for maintenance and propagation.
Mother blocks of virus-free scion varieties have been established on 2 ha and those of rootstock varieties on 0.5 ha planted with the following number of varieties included in the national list: 71 European scion — and 12 rootstock varieties or variety candidates/clones. It is necessary to increase the area of Pre-base, Base and Certified stocks exclusively with tested virus-free (clean) material.
Examination of valuable ingredients of some wild fruits
Authors: Sipos B. Z. , Szabó N. , Stéger-Máté M. , Schmidt G. 
Published: December 2018

A possible way of the development of Hungarian agriculture is the selection and growing of new fruit species and varieties featuring special qualities, with high biological nutritive and health protecting properties due to their natural composition. A reserve for such new fruits is the native dendroflora, e.g. those wild-growing trees and shrubs of Hungary, which bear edible fruits. The publication is giving a summary of chemical analyses done on the fruits of the plants listed below. The research team on the project started the work in 2001 with
woody species (genera) as follows:

common elder (Sambucus nigra) clone named Szcs-1, Szcs-2, Szcs-3, Szcs-4, Szcs-5, SzcsK-1, SzcsK-2
dog rose (Rosa canina) types: clones named Sz-1, Sz-2, Sz-3, Sz-4 and Sz-5 .
native rowans: Sorbus dacica, S.rotundifolia, S. degenu, S.bakonyensis cv. Fánivölgy
hawthorns: Crataegus monogyna, C. orientalis,C..v lavallei.
cornel cherry: Cornus mas cv. Császló.

The present paper is reporting on the content of the following compounds in the fruits: dry matter (refractometric values), total acid content, ascorbic acid, 13-carotene, pectin, minerals and carbohydrates. The results have shown that these wild fruits have excellent composition. Besides their curative effects, their content of minerals, ascorbic acid and 13-carotene has surpassed that of the traditional fruits. These fruits are rich in ascorbic acid, 13-carotene and pectin. The high content of the above-listed, biologically active compounds makes the new wild fruits studied suitable for the preparation (and later: mass-production) of special curative and exclusive products.
Grapevine - and apple - replant disease in Hungary
Authors: Molnár P. , Véghelyi K. , Balogh I. 
Published: December 2018

Field experiment was conducted to study the replant problems of grapevine and apple. Plantings were in three different fields: on virgin soil, on apple replant soil and on vine replant soil. Each field was planted with 60 pieces of grafted vine (variety Bianca on rootstock Berl. X Rip. T.K. 5BB) and 60 pieces of grafted apple (variety Gloster on rootstock MM. 106). Fungicide (BUVICID K with 50% captan agent, 0.5 g/1 1 soil) and nematocide (VYDATE 10 G with 10% oxamil agent, 0.03 g/1 1 soil) treatments were used in the soil in order to identify the causal factor of the problem.
Biological soil test was conducted to test 17 soil samples of 11 wine districts and vine growing fields in plastic pots, under shading net. No root pieces were left in the soil. Two bud-cuttings of the Berl. X Rip. T 5C rootstock varieties were used as test plants. In each case, samples were taken from the vineyard and from the virgin soil. One fourth of the soil from the vineyard was left untreated and the other three part was treated with nematocide, fungicide or heat.
The results of the field experiment suggest that there was no problem growing grapevine after apple and apple after grapevine, but both species had been inhibited growing after itself. The fungicide and nematocide treatments did not succeed in determining the casual factor of the problem. Heat treatment of replant soil (in pot test) was useful in AS and VNS soils.
Results of biological soil test suggest, that grapevine replant problem do not occur in every vineyard. In fifty percent of soils, no significant differences between the treatments for shoot length, weight of cane, length, diameter and wood:ratio of the fourth internode were observed. In one case, difference was not found in any of the measured characters. However, fruiting bodies of Roesleria pallida (Pers.) Sacc. and the mycelium of Rosellinia necatrix Prill. were observed in this sample. In other samples, there was no significant difference between the treatments, but nematode and fungus infection appeared to be involved in increased shoot growth in nematocide and fungicide treated plants (mycelium of Rosellinia necatrix was detected). In other samples, the fungus infection caused significant difference between the virgin, untreated and fungicide treated soils and infection of Rosellinia necatrix was observed.
The salt tolerance of vegetable paprika varieties
Authors: Slezák K. , Terbe I. , Kappel N. , Tóth K. 
Published: December 2018

In our experiments, we have chiefly tested the salt sensitivity of sweet pepper varieties. In cold forcing, 0.3 1/plant nutrient solutions of different NaCI content were given twice weekly. EC of the nutrient solutions containing 0.25% Volldünger Linz complex fertilizer was made up to 6, 10, 14 and 18 mS/cm, respectively, by 2.51/9.17/17.97/26.76 g/m2 doses of pharmacopeal NaCI every week. The solution used for the control treatment contained Volldünger only (EC 4.4 mS/cm). Irrigation was made with pure water (EC 0.6 mS/cm) when necessary.
The varieties chosen for the experiments were the following: Feherözön, HRF F1, Syn. Cecei (of white, conical fruit), Boni (of white, blunt, infolded fruit), Titan F1 (of pointed, hot fruit) and Pritavit F1 (of tomato shaped fruit).
In general, the symptoms caused by NaCI treatments (with doses higher than 10 g/m2 weekly) have been the following:

They have reduced the leaf area, the height of the plants, the total and the early yield, the number of fruit set per square meter, the average weight of the fruit (and, in some measure, fruit length, too) and the thousand seed weight.
They have increased the calcium and the chlorine content of the leaves and fruits and the dry matter content of the fruits.
They haven't affected the dry matter content of the leaves, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the leaves and fruits, and the germinating ability of the seed.
The effect on stem diameter and on seed production per fruit has been contradictory in some cases.

The effects of the intermediate treatments haven't been explicit in several cases.
The results of the examination of cuticular secretion have indicated the increase of the sodium and chlorine content of the leaves. This can be important in field growing where the rainwater may wash out a part of sodium and chlorine from paprika leaves.
The hot, pointed variety and the tomato shaped paprika haven't shown clearly higher salt tolerance than the varieties of white fruit colour.
KLASIFIKASI DIABETIC RETINOPATHY MENGGUNAKAN SELEKSI FITUR DAN SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE
Authors: Rosadi Muhammad Imron , Sanjaya Cahya Bagus , Hakim Lukman 
Published: December 2018

Diabetic Retinopathy is a disease common complications of diabetes mellitus. The complications in the form of damages on the part of the retina of the eye. The high levels of glucose in the blood are the cause of small capillaries become broke and can lead to blindness. The symptoms shown by the sufferers of Diabetic Retinopaythy (DR), among others, microaneurysms, hemorrhages, exudates, soft hard exudate and neovascularization. These symptoms are at a certain intensity can be an indicator of the phase (the level of severity) DR sufferers. There are four stages of the process of pattern recognition, namely preprocessing,feature ekstraction, feature selection and classification. On preprocessing the image do Change the RGB image into Green channel, image Adaptive Histogram Equalization, removal of blood vessels, removal of optic disks, detection of exudate. A collection from the results of preprocessing placed in the vector of characteristics by using the feature extraction of GLCM consisting of order 1 and 2, to order then conducted as input Support Vector Machine (SVM). While in SVM there are three issues that emerged, namely; How to select a kernel function, what is the optimal number of input features, and how to determine the best kernel parameters. These issues are important, because the number of features affect the required kernel parameters values and vice versa, so that the selection of the features required in building the classification system. On the research of feature extraction methods was presented GLCM, features selection, and SVM for detecting diabetic retinopathy. feature selection process using the F-Score feature to select the results of features extraction. From the results of the selection of these features is used to input the classification. The dataset used amounted to 50 data, which is divided into 2 classes, where 25 sets taken from normal retinal scans and 25 sets of the rest of the scan of the retina with diabetic retinopathy. SVM classification with feature selection to increase accuracy and computational time than lose without a selection of features with a value of 90% accuracy and computational time 0.010 seconds.
REINFORCEMENT IDENTITY OF TOURISM VILLAGE AT DUSUN WANGUN -BANDUNG
Authors: Indahyani Titi , Sofiana Yunida , Yuniarso Ari 
Published: December 2018

As an effort to support the tourism promotion of Dusun Wangun tourism village, it is crucial to develop a souvenir design strategy for the village including product display arrangement. The unique souvenirs play a role in strengthening the identity of tourism village that potentially attract more tourists to visit the village and purchase the unique souvenirs. It is expected that with the purchase of unique souvenir products that produced by local people and inspired by coffee, as one of the superior products of the village, might potentially improve the welfare of the local community and support the sustainability of coffee plantations. The method used in this research is literature data review to gather various information of local souvenirs and design, field work survey and observation, interview, swe art application, workshop training analysis, prototyping, design implementation and exhibition as part of product testing and evaluation. The output of this community development is the improvement of skill and knowledge of local women community. In addition, there are also a video documentation of the training processes and a "story telling" of product catalogue that contains the souvenir design and production process documentation for further education and product promotion.
تكامل التقنيات الكلفوية مع بطاقة العلامات المتوازنة لأغراض قياس وتقويم الأداء (*
Authors: سرور منال جبار , كريكور لينا كرابيت 
Published: December 2018

المستخلص
يتطلب التطبيق الفعال لأسلوب قياس وتقويم الأداء وفقاً لبطاقة العلامات المتوازنة ضرورة توافر نظام معلوماتي شامل ومتكامل عن البيئة الداخلية والخارجية للوحدة الاقتصادية، مما يستلزم ضرورة تطوير نظام المعلومات المحاسبية بصفة عامة ونظم معلومات إدارة التكلفة بصفة خاصة بحيث يلائم متطلبات البيئة الحديثة من حيث تطوير أساليب القياس بحيث يشمل الاستعانة ببعض الأساليب التي ثبت فاعليتها في مجال قياس وتقويم الأداء . وتتمثل مشكلة البحث في حاجة الإدارة إلى تطوير أساليب قياس وتقويم الأداء من خلال استعمال كل من المقاييس المالية وغير المالية الملاءمة والمتوازنة من خلال تطبيق التقنيات الكلفوية وإمكانية تكاملها مع بطاقة العلامات المتوازنة. لذا فإن هدف البحث تتمثل بدراسة إمكانية توفير مقاييس مالية وغير مالية من خلال التقنيات الكلفوية وتكاملها مع بطاقة العلامات المتوازنة لأغراض قياس وتقويم الأداء. وتنبع أهمية البحث من كون عملية قياس وتقويم الأداء هي العملية الأساسية التي توضح إمكانيات الوحدة الاقتصادية على مواصلة نشاطاتها بالفشل أو النجاح لتحقيق أهدافها، لذا فأن توفير مقاييس مالية وغير مالية لقياس الأداء تعطي للوحدة صورة مهمة وواضحة حول منتجاتها وخدماتها والعمليات التي تؤدي إلى إنتاج تلك المنتجات. بالإضافة إلى أن تكامل التقنيات الكلفوية مع بطاقة العلامات المتوازنة سيؤدي إلى تحسين الأداء الكلي للوحدة الاقتصادية. وتستند البحث على فرضية رئيسة واحدة وهي: تكامل التقنيات الكلفوية وبطاقة العلامات المتوازنة سيؤدي إلى تحسين أداء الوحدة الاقتصادية.
وقد توصل البحث إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات ومن أهمها: إمكانية تكامل التقنيات الكلفوية مع بطاقة العلامات المتوازنة وتوفير مجموعة من المقاييس المالية وغير المالية لغرض قياس وتقويم أداء الوحدة الاقتصادية.
بعض المؤشرات للانتاجية الاقتصادية في القطاع الصناعي في العراق
Authors: الجنابي هيثم عبد القادر 
Published: December 2018

تمثل الصناعة ركنا اساسيا في عملية التنمية الاقتصادية ومقياسا لتقدمها فهي تسهم في زيادة الرفاهية وارتفاع مستوى المعيشة.
قام الباحث بتحليل مؤشرات الانتاجية في المنشأت الصناعية الكبيرة والصغيرة على عدة فترات زمنية تمتد من 1970 ولغاية 2009 وحسب الوضع الاقتصادي الذي ساد كل فترة.
أختلفت تأثير مدد قيد البحث فقد حقق العراق فوائض نقدية خلال المدة 70-1980 ثم تأثيرات الحرب بعد عام 1980 وفرض الحصار الاقتصادي منذ عام 1990 ، وما تلاها من احداث عام 2003 ، فالاقتصاد العراقي تعرض الى عدة صدمات أقتصادية وفي كل مرة قبل ان يتكيف للتغيرات الناتجة عن الصدمة السابقة يواجه صدمة اخرى ، وتتأثر مؤشرات الانتاجية تبعا لذلك .
وتوصل البحث الى ان القيمة المضافة المتحققة في القطاع الصناعي قد تطورت بمعدلات متباينة خلال مدة الدراسة بالاسعار الجارية والثابتة لعام 1988 عدا الاخفاقات خلال مدة الحصار التي امتدت من 1990 لغاية 2003، اما مؤشرات الانتاجية فقد تباينت خلال مدة الدراسة بين الصناعات الكبيرة والصغيرة، وأوصى البحث بإيلاء الاهتمام بالصناعة وتوسيع التخصيصات المرصودة لها واعتماد الانتاجية لرفع كفاءة الاداء وتحقيق النمو المستمر.
دور المحاسب الادري في تنفيذ اليات حوكمة الشركات
Authors: عبد الله بشرى نجم , طلب حسنين راغب 
Published: December 2018

المستخلص
يهدف البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على الأبعاد المحاسبية لمفهوم حوكمة الشركات , ولاسيما ما يتصل بتطوير دور المحاسب الإداري من حيث الطبيعة والنطاق وكذلك موقعه في الهيكل التنظيمي للشركات وبما ينسجم مع متطلبات تنفيذ مبادئ وآليات حوكمة الشركات في بيئة الأعمال المعاصرة , وتسليط البحث الضوء على أوجه القصور في الدور الذي يؤديه المحاسب الاداري في هذا المجال , وتحديدا في تقديم المعلومات والاستشارات الى الاطراف الداخلية في الشركة , فضلا عن تقديم المعلومات الى الاطراف الخارجية من أصحاب المصلحة فيها , وذلك من خلال مراجعة الادبيات المحاسبية وأراء الهيئات المهنية ذات الصلة , وقدم البحث في ضوء ذلك إنموذج لدور المحاسب الاداري في ظل تبني مفهوم حوكمة الشركات وتنفيذ الياتها .