bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A critical review of anthropological studies on skeletons from European plague pits of different epochs
Authors: Bramanti B. , Zedda N. , Rinaldo N. , Gualdi-Russo E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn historical times, plague epidemics intermittently ravaged Europe for more than 1,400 years, and still represent a threat in many countries all over the world. A debate is ongoing about the past plague, if it killed randomly in a population or discriminated among persons on the basis of their biological features. To address questions of plague lethality, we reviewed a large number of anthropological studies published in the last twenty years on victims of the past pestilences in Europe. In particular, we focused on data concerning demography (age at death and sex determination), and health status (skeletal biomarkers). We applied to these data a model system based on Multiple Linear Regression, which aimed to discern among possible predictors of sex-selective plague lethality in entire populations, in different periods and regions. Based on available data, we lack evidence for general trends of association between biological features. Differences in sex ratio are more likely due to the original population compositions or to distinct cultural behaviours of the two genders. We concluded that generalizations on biological evidence are not feasible for ancient plagues if we exclude that the infection possibly killed primarily persons between 5–10 and 20–35 years of age.
Optimierungsansätze für stationäre Apotheken vor dem
Hintergrund der Kundenerwartungen und deren Erfüllung
Authors: Godbersen Hendrik , Kaupp Fiona 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Vor dem Hintergrund eines gewachsenen Konkurrenzdrucks
durch Drogerien und Online-Apotheken und der heilberuflichen Verpflichtung von
stationären Apotheken ist es das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung, die
Kundenerwartungen und deren Erfüllung differenziert abzubilden, um daraus
Optimierungsansätze für Apotheken zu entwickeln.
Methodik Die inhaltliche Grundlage für die Studie bildet ein
hierarchisches Beurteilungsmodell von Apotheken, das aus den Ebenen Apotheke
insgesamt, Apothekenleistungen und Qualitätseigenschaften von Apotheken besteht.
Zur Messung wird die Means-End Theory of Complex Cognitive Structures
herangezogen. Es wurden 293 Apothekenkunden befragt.
Ergebnisse Den Kunden sind die „klassischen“ Apothekenleistungen
Arzneimitteldistribution und Beratung, und die damit zusammenhängenden
Qualitätseigenschaften wichtiger als Extra-Services. Die stationären Apotheken
erfüllen die Erwartungen der Kunden in den beiden erstgenannten Bereichen mit
Ausnahme der Online-Bestellfunktion zu ca. 70 %, wohingegen die Extra-Services
eine Erwartungserfüllung von unter 50 % erreichen.
Schlussfolgerungen Auf der Grundlage der empirischen Ergebnisse sollten
sich stationäre Apotheken als erstes auf ihre Kernaufgaben konzentrieren und die
Qualität der Arzneimitteldistribution und Kundenberatung sichern und ausbauen.
Mit zweiter Priorität sollte die Qualität der Extra-Services aufgebaut
werden.
Use of Metformin and Platelet Reactivity in Diabetic Patients Treated with Dual Antiplatelet Therapy
Authors: Verdoia Monica , Pergolini Patrizia , Rolla Roberta , Ceccon Claudia , Caputo Marina , Aimaretti Gianluca , Suryapranata Harry , De Luca Giuseppe 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground Enhanced platelet reactivity represents one of the major determinants of cardiovascular risk among diabetic patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of metformin use on platelet reactivity in diabetic patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).Methods We included diabetic patients treated with DAPT after an acute coronary syndrome or percutaneous coronary intervention. Platelet reactivity was assessed at 30–90 days by Multiple-electrode aggregometry. In an additional cohort of diabetic patients naïve to antiplatelet therapy, we assessed platelet reactivity by light transmission aggregometry, surface expression of P-selectin and plasma concentration of Thromboxane B2 (TxB2).Results We included 219 diabetic patients, 117 (53.4%) treated with metformin. Metformin was associated with younger age (p=0.03), male gender (p=0.02), lower rate of hypertension (p=0.04), active smoker (p=0.002), previous MI (p<0.001) renal failure (p<0.001), fibrinogen (p<0.001) and C-reactive protein (p=0.04), larger use of diuretics (p=0.04) calcium antagonists (p=0.05), better glycemic control (p<0.001) and higher haemoglobin (p=0.003). The prevalence of HAPR did not significantly differ according to hypoglycemic treatment (p=0.73; adjusted OR[95%CI]=5.63[0.42-76], p=0.19). Moreover, no impact of metformin was observed for HRPR (p=0.77; adjusted OR[95%CI]=1.15[0.55-2.4], p=0.71). Among an additional cohort of 42 diabetic patients naïve to antiplatelet therapy, we confirmed no impact of metformin or insulin on aggregation.Conclusions Our study found no apparent association in diabetic patients treated with DAPT, between the use of metformin and platelet reactivity or the rate of HPR.
Predictors of Outcome for Aortic Valve Reimplantation Including the Surgeon—A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Tkebuchava Sophie , Tasar Raphael , Lehmann Thomas , Faerber Gloria , Diab Mahmoud , Breuer Martin , Franke Ulrich , Kirov Hristo , Gummert Jan , Lichtenberg Artur , Wahlers Thorsten , Doenst Torsten 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Introduction Aortic valve reimplantation is considered technically demanding. We searched for predictors of long-term outcome including the surgeon as risk factor.
Methods We selected all aortic valve reimplantations performed in our department between December 1999 and January 2017 and obtained a complete follow-up. The main indications were combined aortic aneurysm plus aortic valve regurgitation (AR), 69% and aortic dissections (15%). In 14%, valves were bicuspid. Cusp repair was performed in 27% of patients. One-third received additional procedures (coronary artery bypass grafting, mitral, or arch surgery). We performed multivariable analyses for independent risk factors of short- and long-term outcomes, including “surgeon” as variable. Twelve different surgeons operated on 193 patients. We created three groups: surgeons A and B with 84 and 64 procedures, respectively, and surgeon C (10 surgeons for 45 patients).
Results Cardiopulmonary bypass and clamp times were 176 ± 45 and 130 ± 24 minutes, respectively. In-hospital mortality was 2%. Postoperatively, 5% had mild and 0.5% had moderate AR. Kaplan–Meier's survival estimates, freedom from reoperation, and freedom from severe AR at 12 years were 97 ± 1, 93 ± 2, and 91 ± 3%, respectively. Age and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease appeared as risk factors for perioperative complications by univariate analysis. Age, coronary artery disease, and duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, but not surgeon, presented as risk factors by multivariable analysis.
Conclusion The results suggest that if a David procedure is performed successfully, long-term durability may be excellent. They also suggest that good and durable results are possible even with limited experience of the operating surgeon.
Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Pregnancies affected by Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors
Authors: Figueiro-Filho Ernesto , Al-Sum Hythem , Parrish Jacqueline , Wunder Jay , Maxwell Cynthia 
Published: November 2018

Objective This study was aimed to describe perinatal outcome of a cohort of pregnant patients with bone and soft tissue tumors and to compare the current series with our group's previously reported experience.
Methods Pregnant women diagnosed before and during pregnancy were identified, retrospectively, for the years 2004 to 2014. Relevant maternal and neonatal data were collected.
Results Forty-eight patients were identified. Ten cases were diagnosed during pregnancy. Pelvis, abdomen, and extremities were the most common tumor locations. Osteosarcoma, liposarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma were the most common histological types and comprise more than 50% of the cases. Metastases occurred in nine cases. Most of the cases (60%) were treated surgically during pregnancy and delivery occurred at term. Chemotherapy was delayed until after delivery. There were no perinatal or infant deaths. Patients presented with advanced maternal disease in 18% in previous report (1983–2003) versus 40% in present report (2004–2014). Metastases were present in 40% and maternal death rate was approximately 20% in both cohorts.
Conclusion Pregnant women with bone and soft tissue tumors are candidates for standard surgical management during pregnancy. Other treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy must be evaluated for each woman on a case-by-case basis. Iatrogenic prematurity was common in our findings.
The adult oligodendrocyte can participate in remyelination
Authors: Duncan Ian D. , Radcliff Abigail B. , Heidari Moones , Kidd Grahame , August Benjamin K. , Wierenga Lauren A. 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Remyelination of the CNS is a critical process in restoring function and protecting nerve fibers from degeneration in multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases. It is currently thought that myelin can only be repaired by the generation of new oligodendrocytes from progenitor cells and that remaining mature cells are unable to participate. Here we show, using unique large animal models, including a nonhuman primate, that oligodendrocytes that are partially injured can participate in myelin repair. The capacity of mature oligodendrocytes to remyelinate in demyelinating disease remains unknown, yet it provides an additional cell source for recruitment for myelin repair.
Grammar is community-specific
Authors: Höder Steffen 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Mainstream grammatical theory and traditional grammaticography concentrate on single languages or varieties, which are conceptualised as pre-existing, distinct entities and analysed in terms of coherent, static, ideally variation-free language systems. This is in stark contrast to actual language usage, where various kinds of structural contact phenomena are the rule rather than the exception. In line with recent insights from contact linguistics, Diasystematic Construction Grammar assumes that multilingual speakers and communities organise their grammatical knowledge on the basis of the available input via processes of interlingual identification, abstraction, generalisation, and categorisation, regardless of language boundaries. This results in a community-specific multilingual constructicon, comprising both language-specific constructions (restricted to certain communicative contexts associated with a particular language) and constructions unspecified for language.
Cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses of two interval training and a continuous training protocol in healthy young men
Authors: Naves João Pedro Araújo , Rebelo Ana Cristina Silva , Silva Lucas Raphael Bento E , Silva Maria Sebastiana , Ramirez‐Campillo Rodrigo , Ramírez‐Vélez Robinson , Gentil Paulo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHigh Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) can be performed with different effort to rest time‐configurations, and this can largely influence training responses. The purpose of the study was to compare the acute physiological responses of two HIIT and one moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) protocol in young men. A randomised cross‐over study with 10 men [age, 28.3 ± 5.5years; weight, 77.3 ± 9.3 kg; height, 1.8 ± 0.1 m; peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), 44 ± 11 mL.kg−1.min−1]. Participants performed a cardiorespiratory test on a treadmill to assess VO2peak, velocity associated with VO2peak (vVO2peak), peak heart rate (HRpeak) and perceived exertion (RPE). Then participants performed three protocols equated by distance: Short HIIT (29 bouts of 30s at vVO2peak, interspersed by 30s of passive recovery, 29 min in total), Long HIIT (3 bouts of 4 min at 90% of vVO2peak, interspersed by 3 min of recovery at 60% of vVO2peak, 21 min in total) and MICT (21 min at 70% of vVO2peak). The protocols were performed in a randomised order with ≥48 h between them. VO2, HRpeak and RPE were compared. VO2peak in Long HIIT was significantly higher than Short HIIT and MICT (43 ± 11 vs 32 ± 8 and 37 ± 8 mL.kg−1.min−1, respectively, P < 0.05), as well as peak HR (181 ± 10 vs 168 ± 8 and 167 ± 11, respectively, P < 0.05), and RPE (17 ± 4 vs 14 ± 4 and 15 ± 4, respectively, P < 0.05), with no difference between Short HIIT and MICT. In conclusion, Long HIIT promoted higher acute increases in VO2, HR and RPE than Short HIIT and MICT, suggesting a higher demand on the cardiorespiratory system. Short HIIT and MICT presented similar physiologic and perceptual responses, despite Short HIIT being performed at higher velocities.
Computational functional genomics-based reduction of disease-related gene sets to their key components
Authors: Lippmann Catharina , Ultsch Alfred , Lötsch Jörn 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMotivationThe genetic architecture of diseases becomes increasingly known. This raises difficulties in picking suitable targets for further research among an increasing number of candidates. Although expression based methods of gene set reduction are applied to laboratory-derived genetic data, the analysis of topical sets of genes gathered from knowledge bases requires a modified approach as no quantitative information about gene expression is available.ResultsWe propose a computational functional genomics-based approach at reducing sets of genes to the most relevant items based on the importance of the gene within the polyhierarchy of biological processes characterizing the disease. Knowledge bases about the biological roles of genes can provide a valid description of traits or diseases represented as a directed acyclic graph (DAG) picturing the polyhierarchy of disease relevant biological processes. The proposed method uses a gene importance score derived from the location of the gene-related biological processes in the DAG. It attempts to recreate the DAG and thereby, the roles of the original gene set, with the least number of genes in descending order of importance. This obtained precision and recall of over 70% to recreate the components of the DAG charactering the biological functions of n=540 genes relevant to pain with a subset of only the k=29 best-scoring genes.ConclusionsA new method for reduction of gene sets is shown that is able to reproduce the biological processes in which the full gene set is involved by over 70%; however, by using only ∼5% of the original genes.Availability and implementationThe necessary numerical parameters for the calculation of gene importance are implemented in the R package dbtORA at https://github.com/IME-TMP-FFM/dbtORA.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Utility of machine learning algorithms in assessing patients with a systemic right ventricle
Authors: Diller Gerhard-Paul , Babu-Narayan Sonya , Li Wei , Radojevic Jelena , Kempny Aleksander , Uebing Anselm , Dimopoulos Konstantinos , Baumgartner Helmut , Gatzoulis Michael A , Orwat Stefan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the utility of novel deep learning (DL) algorithms in recognizing transposition of the great arteries (TGA) after atrial switch procedure or congenitally corrected TGA (ccTGA) based on routine transthoracic echocardiograms. In addition, the ability of DL algorithms for delineation and segmentation of the systemic ventricle was evaluated.

Methods and results
In total, 132 patients (92 TGA and atrial switch and 40 with ccTGA; 60% male, age 38.3 ± 12.1 years) and 67 normal controls (57% male, age 48.5 ± 17.9 years) with routine transthoracic examinations were included. Convolutional neural networks were trained to classify patients by underlying diagnosis and a U-Net design was used to automatically segment the systemic ventricle. Convolutional networks were build based on over 100 000 frames of an apical four-chamber or parasternal short-axis view to detect underlying diagnoses. The DL algorithm had an overall accuracy of 98.0% in detecting the correct diagnosis. The U-Net architecture model correctly identified the systemic ventricle in all individuals and achieved a high performance in segmenting the systemic right or left ventricle (Dice metric between 0.79 and 0.88 depending on diagnosis) when compared with human experts.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates the potential of machine learning algorithms, trained on routine echocardiographic datasets to detect underlying diagnosis in complex congenital heart disease. Automated delineation of the ventricular area was also feasible. These methods may in future allow for the longitudinal, objective, and automated assessment of ventricular function.
The impact of mobile technology on teamwork and communication in hospitals: a systematic review
Authors: Martin Guy , Khajuria Ankur , Arora Sonal , King Dominic , Ashrafian Hutan , Darzi Ara 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Effective communication is critical to the safe delivery of care but is characterized by outdated technologies. Mobile technology has the potential to transform communication and teamwork but the evidence is currently uncertain. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize the quality and breadth of evidence for the impact of mobile technologies on communication and teamwork in hospitals.

Materials and Methods
Electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, HMIC, Cochrane Library, and National Institute of Health Research Health Technology Assessment) were searched for English language publications reporting communication- or teamwork-related outcomes from mobile technologies in the hospital setting between 2007 and 2017.

Results
We identified 38 publications originating from 30 studies. Only 11% were of high quality and none met best practice guidelines for mobile-technology-based trials. The studies reported a heterogenous range of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods outcomes. There is a lack of high-quality evidence, but nonetheless mobile technology can lead to improvements in workflow, strengthen the quality and efficiency of communication, and enhance accessibility and interteam relationships.

Discussion
This review describes the potential benefits that mobile technology can deliver and that mobile technology is ubiquitous among healthcare professionals. Crucially, it highlights the paucity of high-quality evidence for its effectiveness and identifies common barriers to widespread uptake. Limitations include the limited number of participants and a wide variability in methods and reported outcomes.

Conclusion
Evidence suggests that mobile technology has the potential to significantly improve communication and teamwork in hospital provided key organizational, technological, and security challenges are tackled and better evidence delivered.
Search for exoplanetary transits in the Galactic bulge
Authors: Cortés C C , Minniti D , Villanova S 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
A search for extrasolar planetary transits using extended Kepler mission (K2) campaigns 9 and 11 revealed five new candidates towards the Galactic bulge. The stars EPIC 224439122, 224560837, 227560005, 230778501 and 231635524 are found to have low-amplitude transits consistent with extrasolar planets, with periods P = 35.1695, 3.6390, 12.4224, 17.9856 and 5.8824 days, respectively. The K2 data and existing optical photometry are combined with multi-band near-IR photometry of the Vista Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) survey and Two-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) in order to measure accurate physical parameters for the host stars. We then measure the radii of the new planet candidates from the K2 transit light curves and also estimate their masses using mass–radius relations, concluding that two of these candidates could be low-mass planets and three could be giant gaseous planets.
ESTIMATE OF UAE COMMERCIAL AIRCREW EFFECTIVE DOSES USING CARI-6, EPCARD AND SIEVERT CODES
Authors: Dalah Entesar Z , Elmahdi Hussein M , Al Humaidan Khalid S , Semerjian Lucy 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study is to calculate total cruising route effective doses using three commonly used algorithm codes CARI-6, EPCARD and SIEVERT. Further, the impact of flight cruising duration, altitude and latitude on the estimated effective doses will also be investigated. A total of 24 commercial UAE flight data were collected and retrospectively analysed. CARI-6, EPCARD and SIEVERT codes were used to estimate the total route effective doses per single trip of different destinations including USA, Europe, South Africa, Asia and Australia. Aircraft crew effective doses were shown to significantly increase with flying altitude. A strong significant correlation (0.6469; p < 0.05) was obtained between flight duration and the estimated effective doses, while a moderate insignificant correlation (0.3899; p > 0.05) was obtained with flying altitude for all 24 flights using CARI-6. For flights with the same latitude and duration, all codes gave total effective doses within experimental uncertainties.
Not-So-Secret Weapons: Lebanese Women’s Rights Activists and Extended Family Networks
Authors: Stephan Rita 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study asks one crucial question: How do Lebanese women apply available social capital and informal social networks to engage in political activism for women’s rights? Building on social- and women’s-movement theories, I argue that Lebanese feminists do not exclusively operate in the public sphere in their fight for political goals, nor do they privilege only the extra-family space. On the contrary, they engage in political activities by using extended family networks as a form of weak social ties. I construct this argument on the basis of interviews, observations, and analysis of Lebanese feminists’ writings. This paper introduces the concept of mahsoubieh as a form of weak social ties generated within connective family networks. Specifically, I examine how elite, intellectual, and middle-class Lebanese women activists use the positive social capital generated by mahsoubieh to gain credibility, diffuse their political stances, and develop countervailing power. Aspects such as the size, reputation, and respectability of their kinship networks aided the Lebanese women in their fight to change the legal structure concerning women’s rights and political representation.
Chagas disease
Authors: Tzizik Dan M. , Borchardt Roy A. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Chagas disease is a parasite infection primarily transmitted to humans via the bite of triatomine insect vectors. Up to 8 million people are estimated to be infected with Chagas disease in the Americas. Patients who do not receive treatment can develop severe cardiac debility, gastrointestinal organ dysfunction, and may die. The changing demographics of the United States, a consequence of changing immigration patterns, means that healthcare providers are more likely to encounter patients with Chagas disease, and must understand its cause, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.