bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing hyperelliptic curves with surjective Galois representations
Authors: Anni Samuele , Dokchitser Vladimir 
Published: October 2019

In this paper we show how to explicitly write down equations of hyperelliptic curves over

Q

\mathbb {Q}

such that for all odd primes

ℓ
\ell

the image of the mod

ℓ
\ell

Galois representation is the general symplectic group. The proof relies on understanding the action of inertia groups on the

ℓ
\ell

-torsion of the Jacobian, including at primes where the Jacobian has non-semistable reduction. We also give a framework for systematically dealing with primitivity of symplectic mod

ℓ
\ell

Galois representations.

The main result of the paper is the following. Suppose

n
=
2
g
+
2

n=2g+2

is an even integer that can be written as a sum of two primes in two different ways, with none of the primes being the largest primes less than

n
n

(this hypothesis is expected to hold for all

g
≠
0
,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
7
,

g\neq 0,1,2,3,4,5,7,

and

13
13

). Then there is an explicit

N
∈

Z

N\in \mathbb {Z}

and an explicit monic polynomial

f
0

(
x
)
∈

Z

[
x
]

f_0(x)\in \mathbb {Z}[x]

of degree

n
n

, such that the Jacobian

J
J

of every curve of the form

y
2

=
f
(
x
)

y^2=f(x)

has

Gal
⁡
(

Q

(
J
[
ℓ
]
)

/

Q

)
≅

GSp

2
g

⁡
(

F

ℓ

)

\operatorname {Gal}(\mathbb {Q}(J[\ell ])/\mathbb {Q})\cong \operatorname {GSp}_{2g}(\mathbb {F}_\ell )

for all odd primes

ℓ
\ell

and

Gal
⁡
(

Q

(
J
[
2
]
)

/

Q

)
≅

S

2
g
+
2

\operatorname {Gal}(\mathbb {Q}(J[2])/\mathbb {Q})\cong S_{2g+2}

, whenever

f
(
x
)
∈

Z

[
x
]

f(x)\in \mathbb {Z}[x]

is monic with

f
(
x
)
≡

f
0

(
x
)
mod

N

f(x)\equiv f_0(x) \bmod {N}

and with no roots of multiplicity greater than

2
2

in

F

¯

p

\overline {\mathbb {F}}_p

for any

p
∤
N

p\nmid N

.
Miss Havisham’s Rage: Imagining the ‘Angry Woman’ in Adaptations of Dickens’ Famous Character
Authors: Nelson Camilla 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Miss Havisham is a spectral spinster figure that haunts the western imagination, an emblem of an ostensibly ‘unjustified’ and ‘unjustifiable’ female rage, a repository for masculine fears and fantasies about women, age, sexuality, and power. This article examines the shifting visions of Miss Havisham as an object of horror in film, fashion, kitsch, on the internet, and, more recently, as a revisionary figure of female resistance in Tony Jordan’s television series, Dickensian. In so doing, it maps the tensions that exist between conventional representations of Miss Havisham that envisage her as an irrational, embittered, and narcissistic old woman and those that construct her as a representation of justified female rage against the intersecting forces of patriarchy, capitalism, and ‘toxic masculinity’.
Influence of the number and severity of comorbidities in the course of acute non-specific low back pain in older adults: longitudinal results from the Back Complaints in the Elders (BACE-Brazil)
Authors: Leopoldino Amanda Aparecida Oliveira , Megale Rodrigo Zunzarren , Diz Juliano Bergamaschine Mata , Moreira Bruno de Souza , Lustosa Lygia Paccini , Pereira Leani Souza Máximo , Ferreira Manuela Loureiro 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The presence of comorbidities is quite common in older adults. However, the effects of comorbidities on the course of acute low back pain (LBP) are not fully understood.

Objective
To investigate the effects of the number and severity of comorbidities on the severity of pain and disability 3 months from baseline in people with an acute episode of non-specific LBP.

Methods
Data from the Back Complaints in the Elders study, a cohort that enrolled 602 community-dwelling older adults with acute LBP at baseline, were used in these analyses. Comorbidities, pain intensity and disability were assessed using the Self-Administered Comorbidities Questionnaire (SCQ), the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and the Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), respectively. Age, sex, marital status, education, income and body mass index were covariates.

Results
The mean age of participants was 67.6 ± 7.0 years. Both pain and disability scores decreased from 7.2 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 7.0–7.4) to 5.8 (95% CI 5.5–6.1) in NRS and from 13.5 (95% CI 13.0–14.1) to 12.0 (95% CI 11.4–12.7) in RMDQ 3 months from baseline. The linear regression analysis showed a significant association between SCQ scores at baseline and pain (coefficient = 0.16, 95% CI 0.08–0.24; P &lt; 0.001) or disability (coefficient = 0.29, 95% CI 0.16–0.41; P &lt; 0.001) scores at the 3-month follow-up, after adjusting for confounders. Participants with highest SCQ scores were less likely to report improvement of at least 30% in pain (OR: 0.41, 95% CI 0.22–0.79; P = 0.008) and disability (OR: 0.42, 95% CI 0.28–0.85; P = 0.015).

Conclusion
The presence and severity of comorbidities were independently associated with the prognosis of acute non-specific LBP in older adults.
Prospective Study of Dietary Patterns and Hearing Threshold Elevation
Authors: Curhan Sharon G , Halpin Christopher , Wang Molin , Eavey Roland D , Curhan Gary C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We conducted a prospective study of dietary patterns and longitudinal change in audiometric hearing thresholds among 3,135 women (mean age = 59 years) in the Nurses’ Health Study II (2012–2018). Diet adherence scores for the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Alternate Mediterranean (AMED) diets and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010) were calculated using validated food-frequency questionnaires. Baseline and 3-year follow-up hearing sensitivities were assessed by pure-tone audiometry at 19 US sites. We used multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models to examine independent associations between diet adherence scores and risk of ≥5 dB elevation in the pure-tone average (PTA) of low-frequency (LPTA0.5,1,2 kHz), mid-frequency (MPTA3,4 kHz), and high-frequency (HPTA6,8 kHz) hearing thresholds. Higher adherence scores were associated with lower risk of hearing loss. Compared with the lowest quintile of DASH score, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for mid-frequency and high-frequency threshold elevation in the highest quintile were 0.71 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55, 0.92; P for trend = 0.003) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.96; P for trend = 0.02); for AMED and AHEI scores, for mid-frequency threshold elevation, they were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.99; P for trend = 0.02) and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.92; P for trend = 0.002). Nonsignificant inverse associations were observed for high-frequency threshold elevation. There were no significant associations between adherence scores and low-frequency threshold elevation. Our findings indicate that eating a healthy diet might reduce the risk of acquired hearing loss.
Growth During Infancy and Early Childhood and Its Association With Metabolic Risk Biomarkers at 11.5 Years of Age
Authors: Zhang Xun , Martin Richard M , Oken Emily , Aris Izzuddin M , Yang Seungmi , Kramer Michael S 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe evidence that fetal life and early infancy are “critical” or “sensitive” ages for later development of cardiometabolic disease is based on flawed methods for comparing different age periods. Moreover, most previous studies have limited their focus to weight gain, rather than growth in length/height or body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)2). We undertook a secondary analysis of data from the Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (1996–2010), a birth cohort study nested within a large cluster-randomized trial in the Republic of Belarus, that had repeated measurements of weight and length/height taken from birth to 11.5 years of age. We used mixed-effects linear models to analyze associations of changes in standardized weight, length/height, and body mass index during 5 age periods (conception to birth, birth to age 3 months, ages 3–12 months, ages 12 months–6.5 years, and ages 6.5–11.5 years) with fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, β-cell function, and adiponectin at age 11.5 years. We observed strong associations between the metabolic markers and all 3 growth measures, with the largest magnitudes being observed during the latest age period (ages 6.5–11.5 years) and negligible associations during gestation and the first year of life. Later age periods appear more “sensitive” than earlier periods to the adverse metabolic association with rapid growth in childhood.
Managing Occupational Exposure to Welding Fume: New Evidence Suggests a More Precautionary Approach is Needed
Authors: Cherrie John W , Levy Len 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Welding is a common industrial process with many millions of workers exposed worldwide. In October 2017, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that exposure to welding fumes causes lung cancer in humans, based primarily on the available epidemiological literature. These research studies did not show that the cancer risk differed between mild steel and stainless steel welding but were related to the total welding aerosol. Lung cancer risks were observable at very low exposure levels; below 1 mg m−3 and perhaps as low as 0.1 mg m−3, averaged over a working lifetime. As a result of this IARC evaluation, in Britain, the Health and Safety Executive has acted to strengthen its enforcement expectations for fume control at welding activities. In the light of these developments, it would seem appropriate to review current health-based exposure limits for metal dust and fumes from welding to ensure they are protective.
Deaths Associated With Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Residents in 50 States and the District of Columbia, 2016–2017
Authors: Ly Kathleen N , Miniño Arialdi M , Liu Stephen J , Roberts Henry , Hughes Elizabeth M , Ward John W , Jiles Ruth B 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMortality associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been well-documented nationally, but an examination across regions and jurisdictions may inform health-care planning.MethodsTo document HCV-associated deaths sub-nationally, we calculated age-adjusted, HCV-associated death rates and compared death rate ratios (DRRs) for 10 US regions, 50 states, and Washington, D.C., using the national rate and described rate changes between 2016 and 2017 to determine variability. We examined the mean age at HCV-associated death, and rates and proportions by sex, race/ethnicity, and birth year.ResultsIn 2017, there were 17 253 HCV-associated deaths, representing 4.13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.07–4.20) deaths/100 000 standard population, in a significant, 6.56% rate decline from 4.42 in 2016. Age-adjusted death rates significantly surpassed the US rate for the following jurisdictions: Oklahoma; Washington, D.C.; Oregon; New Mexico; Louisiana; Texas; Colorado; California; Kentucky; Tennessee; Arizona; and Washington (DRRs, 2.87, 2.77, 2.24, 1.62, 1.57, 1.46, 1.36, 1.35, 1.35, 1.35, 1.32, and 1.32, respectively; P &lt; .05). Death rates ranged from a low of 1.60 (95% CI, 1.07–2.29) in Maine to a high of 11.84 (95% CI, 10.82–12.85) in Oklahoma. Death rates were highest among non-Hispanic (non-H) American Indians/Alaska Natives and non-H Blacks, both nationally and regionally. The mean age at death was 61.4 years (range, 56.6 years in West Virginia to 64.1 years in Washington, D.C.), and 78.6% of those who died were born during 1945–1965.ConclusionsIn 2016–2017, the national HCV-associated mortality declined but rates remained high in the Western and Southern regions and Washington, D.C., and among non-H American Indians/Alaska Natives, non-H Blacks, and Baby Boomers. These data can inform local prevention and control programs to reduce the HCV mortality burden.
A Heuristic Approach Towards Drawings of Graphs With High Crossing Resolution
Authors: Bekos Michael A , Förster Henry , Geckeler Christian , Holländer Lukas , Kaufmann Michael , Spallek Amadäus M , Splett Jan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The crossing resolution of a non-planar drawing of a graph is the value of the minimum angle formed by any pair of crossing edges. Recent experiments suggest that the larger the crossing resolution is, the easier it is to read and interpret a drawing of a graph. However, maximizing the crossing resolution turns out to be an NP-hard problem in general, and only heuristic algorithms are known that are mainly based on appropriately adjusting force-directed algorithms. In this paper, we propose a new heuristic algorithm for the crossing resolution maximization problem and we experimentally compare it against the known approaches from the literature. Our experimental evaluation indicates that the new heuristic produces drawings with better crossing resolution, but this comes at the cost of slightly higher edge-length ratio, especially when the input graph is large.
Three Types of Two-Disjoint-Cycle-Cover Pancyclicity and Their Applications to Cycle Embedding in Locally Twisted Cubes
Authors: Kung Tzu-Liang , Chen Hon-Chan , Lin Chia-Hui , Hsu Lih-Hsing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A graph $G=(V,E)$ is two-disjoint-cycle-cover $[r_1,r_2]$-pancyclic if for any integer $l$ satisfying $r_1 \leq l \leq r_2$, there exist two vertex-disjoint cycles $C_1$ and $C_2$ in $G$ such that the lengths of $C_1$ and $C_2$ are $l$ and $|V(G)| - l$, respectively, where $|V(G)|$ denotes the total number of vertices in $G$. On the basis of this definition, we further propose Ore-type conditions for graphs to be two-disjoint-cycle-cover vertex/edge $[r_1,r_2]$-pancyclic. In addition, we study cycle embedding in the $n$-dimensional locally twisted cube $LTQ_n$ under the consideration of two-disjoint-cycle-cover vertex/edge pancyclicity.
FoodBase corpus: a new resource of annotated food entities
Authors: Popovski Gorjan , Seljak Barbara Koroušić , Eftimov Tome 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The existence of annotated text corpora is essential for the development of public health services and tools based on natural language processing (NLP) and text mining. Recently organized biomedical NLP shared tasks have provided annotated corpora related to different biomedical entities such as genes, phenotypes, drugs, diseases and chemical entities. These are needed to develop named-entity recognition (NER) models that are used for extracting entities from text and finding their relations. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are limited annotated corpora that provide information about food entities despite food and dietary management being an essential public health issue. Hence, we developed a new annotated corpus of food entities, named FoodBase. It was constructed using recipes extracted from Allrecipes, which is currently the largest food-focused social network. The recipes were selected from five categories: ‘Appetizers and Snacks’, ‘Breakfast and Lunch’, ‘Dessert’, ‘Dinner’ and ‘Drinks’. Semantic tags used for annotating food entities were selected from the Hansard corpus. To extract and annotate food entities, we applied a rule-based food NER method called FoodIE. Since FoodIE provides a weakly annotated corpus, by manually evaluating the obtained results on 1000 recipes, we created a gold standard of FoodBase. It consists of 12 844 food entity annotations describing 2105 unique food entities. Additionally, we provided a weakly annotated corpus on an additional 21 790 recipes. It consists of 274 053 food entity annotations, 13 079 of which are unique. The FoodBase corpus is necessary for developing corpus-based NER models for food science, as a new benchmark dataset for machine learning tasks such as multi-class classification, multi-label classification and hierarchical multi-label classification. FoodBase can be used for detecting semantic differences/similarities between food concepts, and after all we believe that it will open a new path for learning food embedding space that can be used in predictive studies.
Thomas Wyatt among the Florentines
Authors: Brigden Susan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The article considers how Thomas Wyatt—courtier, ambassador and poet maker—became Italianate. It discovers a youthful Wyatt, with other members of Henry VIII’s court, at the company of Giovanni di Lorenzo Cavalcanti and Pierfrancesco di Piero de’ Bardi in London in the 1520s. These Florentine merchant princes were international bankers and traders, and notable cultural brokers between England and Italy. Pierfrancesco was a scholar, a collector and donor of books. Wyatt bought fine Florentine fabrics from the company. They allowed his growing indebtedness, partly through friendship, but also because of their need for the patronage of his father, Sir Henry Wyatt, Treasurer of the Chamber. Wyatt was also part of the gambling fraternity in which Francesco di Bernardo de’ Bardi was a principal player. Leaving Florence for London, the merchants did not remove themselves from the turbulent politics of their city, for their wealth and prominence ensured their continuing involvement, especially once Medici popes ruled Christendom. When Rome was sacked, and Florence established a republic, London’s Florentines were called to their city’s defence. Before he ever travelled to Italy, Thomas Wyatt encountered Italians of wealth and culture living in the grandest style in London, between the worlds of the court and the city. Perhaps with them he began to learn Italian. The story of Wyatt among the Florentines leads to life in London and the court, to the defence of Italy, to the revolutionary politics of Florence, and to Henry VIII’s ‘Great Matter’. Wyatt was precursor, and inspiration, of the Italianate Englishmen and women gathered at the humanist court of Edward VI who were fascinated by Italian culture and won to reform.
Looking at the bigger picture: effect of performance-based contracting of district health services on equity of access to maternal health services in Zambia
Authors: Chansa Collins , Mukanu Mulenga Mary , Chama-Chiliba Chitalu Miriam , Kamanga Mpuma , Chikwenya Nicholas , Bellows Ben , Kuunibe Naasegnibe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractZambia has been using output-based approaches for over two decades to finance whole or part of the public health system. Between 1996 and 2006, performance-based contracting (PBC) was implemented countrywide with the Central Board of Health (CBoH) as the provider of health services. This study reviews the association between PBC and equity of access to maternal health services in Zambia between 1996 and 2006. A comprehensive document review was undertaken to evaluate the implementation process, followed by a trend analysis of health expenditure at district level, and a segmented regression analysis of data on antenatal care (ANC) and deliveries at health facilities that was obtained from five demographic and health survey datasets (1992, 1996, 2002, 2007 and 2014). The results show that PBC was anchored by high-level political support, an overarching policy and legal framework, and collective planning and implementation with all key stakeholders. Decentralization of health service provision was also an enabling factor. ANC coverage increased in both the lower and upper wealth quintiles during the PBC era, followed by a declining trend after the PBC era in both quintiles. Further, the percentage of women delivering at health facilities increased during the PBC era, particularly in rural areas and among the poor. The positive trend continued after the PBC era with similar patterns in both lower and upper wealth quintiles. Despite these gains, per capita health expenditure at district level declined during the PBC era, with the situation worsening after the PBC era. The study concludes that a nationwide PBC approach can contribute to improved equity of access to maternal health services and that PBC is a cost-efficient and sustainable policy reform. The study calls for policymakers to comprehensively evaluate the impact of health system reforms before terminating them.
Analysis of fast structured dictionary learning
Authors: Ravishankar Saiprasad , Ma Anna , Needell Deanna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sparsity-based models and techniques have been exploited in many signal processing and imaging applications. Data-driven methods based on dictionary and sparsifying transform learning enable learning rich image features from data and can outperform analytical models. In particular, alternating optimization algorithms have been popular for learning such models. In this work, we focus on alternating minimization for a specific structured unitary sparsifying operator learning problem and provide a convergence analysis. While the algorithm converges to the critical points of the problem generally, our analysis establishes under mild assumptions, the local linear convergence of the algorithm to the underlying sparsifying model of the data. Analysis and numerical simulations show that our assumptions hold for standard probabilistic data models. In practice, the algorithm is robust to initialization.
Stochastic modified equations for the asynchronous stochastic gradient descent
Authors: An Jing , Lu Jianfeng , Ying Lexing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We propose stochastic modified equations (SMEs) for modelling the asynchronous stochastic gradient descent (ASGD) algorithms. The resulting SME of Langevin type extracts more information about the ASGD dynamics and elucidates the relationship between different types of stochastic gradient algorithms. We show the convergence of ASGD to the SME in the continuous time limit, as well as the SME’s precise prediction to the trajectories of ASGD with various forcing terms. As an application, we propose an optimal mini-batching strategy for ASGD via solving the optimal control problem of the associated SME.
Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Invasive Pneumococcal Serotypes During Childhood Community-Acquired Alveolar Pneumonia Is Associated With Specific Clinical Presentation
Authors: Faingelernt Yaniv , Dagan Ron , Givon-Lavi Noga , Ben-Shimol Shalom , Bar-Ziv Jacob , Greenberg David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pnc) serotypes differ in invasive potential. We examined whether community-acquired alveolar pneumonia (CAAP) in children carrying commonly recognized pneumonia invasive pneumococcal serotypes ([PnIST] 1, 5, 7F, 14, and 19A) differs from CAAP in children carrying less invasive serotypes (non-PnIST) or no Pnc (Pnc-neg).

Methods
Children <5 years, visiting the only regional Pediatric Emergency Room, with radiologically proven CAAP were enrolled. Nasopharyngeal cultures were processed for pneumococcal isolation and serotyping. Clinical and demographic characteristics were recorded. The study was conducted before pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation in Israel.

Results
A total of 1423 CAAP episodes were recorded: PnIST, 300 (21.1%); non-PnIST, 591 (41.5%); and Pnc-neg, 532 (37.4%). After adjustment for age, ethnicity, seasonality, and previous antibiotics, the following variables were positively associated with PnIST carriage compared with both groups: temperature ≥39°C, peripheral white blood cell count ≥20 000/mm3, C-reactive protein ≥70.0 mg/L, and serum sodium <135 mEq/L. Lower oxygen saturation, viral detection, and comorbidities were negatively associated with Pn-IST carriage (odds ratios, <1.0). Differences between non-PnIST carriers and Pnc-neg groups were smaller or nonsignificant.

Conclusions
Young children with CAAP carrying common PnIST had a lower proportion of comorbidities, hypoxemia, and viral detection and had more intense systemic inflammatory response than those carrying non-PnIST or not carrying Pnc.