bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐temperature ultrasound‐activated joining of ZrO2 ceramics using Sn–Al–Cu solder
Authors: Dong Hongjie , Li Zhuolin , Song Xiaoguo , Guo Xiajun , Luo Yanxu , Bai Tiansheng , Wei Shoujing , Zhao Hongyun , Yan Jiuchun , Feng Jicai 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, the low‐temperature ultrasound‐activated joining of ZrO2 ceramics using Sn–4Al–0.7Cu solder was achieved at 350°C. It was found that a nanoscale amorphous Al2O3 layer formed at the solder‐ceramic interface during the ultrasonic soldering process. The occurrence of the interfacial oxidation of aluminum could be attributed to the sonochemical effects of acoustic cavitation and turbulent streaming induced by the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the liquid solder. The formed butt joints exhibited an average tensile strength of 47.3 MPa.
Estimation of Sc3+ solubility in dodecahedral and octahedral sites in YSAG:Yb
Authors: Tarala Vitaly A. , Shama Marina S. , Chikulina Irina S. , Kuznetsov Sergey V. , Malyavin Fedor F. , Vakalov Dmitry S. , Kravtsov Alexander A. , Pankov Mikhail A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA method for synthesizing YSAG:Yb optical ceramics has been developed. Additionally, the phase composition and unit cell parameters for YSAG, YbSAG, and their solid solutions have been determined. The limits of scandium solubility in the dodecahedral and octahedral sites of garnet crystal lattice have been estimated after annealing at 1600°C. The scandium solubility limit in the dodecahedral sites of YSAG:Yb was found to be 66 ± 2 at.%. The limit of scandium solubility in octahedral sites depended upon the type of garnet‐forming cations. The solubility limit for Sc3+ decreased from 97.5 ± 0.5 to 68.5 ± 1 at.% with simultaneous increase of ytterbium content in the YSAG‐YbSAG system. Therefore, the region of solid solutions existing with a garnet structure in the Al2O3–Sc2O3–Yb2O3–Y2O3 system was determined. Samples having scandium in both dodecahedral and octahedral sites, which had a Sc3+ content of ~30 at.%, were synthesized as a precursor for optical ceramic production.
Nocturnal pulse rate correlated with ambulatory blood pressure and target organ damage in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wen Ruowei , Yin Jinmei , Zhu Ye , Lin Lin , Ye Zengchun , Peng Hui , Wang Cheng , Lou Tanqi 
Published: December 2018

The relationship between resting pulse rate (PR) and the occurrence of hypertension and cardiovascular (CV) mortality has been described in the general population. Few studies have examined the relationship between ambulatory PR, ambulatory blood pressure (BP), and target organ damage (TOD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A total of 1509 patients with CKD were recruited in our hospital. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) over a 24‐hours period was performed and referenced with clinical data in this cross‐sectional study. TOD was measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between PR, BP, and TOD. The percentage of male patients was 58.3% with a mean age of 44.6 ± 16.2 years. Nocturnal PR rather than 24‐hours PR or daytime PR was an independent risk factor for clinical hypertension, 24‐hours hypertension, BP dipper state, poor renal function, and LVH. In addition, the authors found that nighttime PR >74 beats/min (bpm) group was independently associated with clinical hypertension, 24‐hours hypertension, day and night hypertension, nondipping BP, lower eGFR, and LVH when compared with nighttime PR <64 bpm group. Furthermore, 1:1 propensity score matching between PR ≤74 bpm group and PR >74 bpm group was performed. Multivariate analyses indicated nighttime PR >74 bpm remained independently associated with clinical hypertension, daytime and nighttime hypertension, and LVH. An increased nocturnal PR is associated with TOD, higher BP, and nondipping BP in patients with CKD.
Seasonal pattern in population dynamics and host plant use of non‐swarming Ruspolia differens Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
Authors: Opoke Robert , Malinga Geoffrey M. , Rutaro Karlmax , Nyeko Philip , Roininen Heikki , Valtonen Anu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe edible Ruspolia differens (Serville) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) is an important source of food in East Africa, but the seasonality of its population dynamics and host plant use are not fully understood. We studied seasonal patterns in the population density and relative frequency of developmental stages, sexes, colour morphs and host plants of the non‐swarming R. differens at two study sites in central Uganda over 15 months. Linear mixed models were used to study how precipitation and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) predict population density and relative frequency of developmental stages, sexes, colour morphs and host plants. The results showed that all developmental stages of non‐swarming R. differens were found in the field throughout the year. The population densities of R. differens were high in wet seasons and low in dry seasons and were best predicted by the EVI of the previous month. The sex ratio of the non‐swarming R. differens populations was female biased. The proportion of males and green colour morphs increased during and after the rainy season. The use of host plants fluctuated seasonally so that during the greener seasons individuals used the more preferred host Panicum maximum more frequently. Overall, our work indicates that R. differens has a seasonal dynamic so that vegetation greenness can be used to forecast non‐swarming R. differens population densities. Our results also suggest that source populations for swarming individuals might have a local origin. This is important for the management of habitats for reproduction and conservation of viable populations of R. differens in East Africa.
Assessing the performance of pea and lentil at different seeding densities as trap crops for the management of wireworms in spring wheat
Authors: Sharma Anamika , Sandhi Ramandeep K. , Briar Shabeg S. , Miller John H. , Reddy Gadi V. P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWireworms, the larvae of click beetles (Elateridae), are difficult to manage due to their habitats and behaviour. Wireworms pose a major threat to the wheat crop in the north‐western USA. Seed treatment with neonicotinoids, biological control management and some cultural controls are recommended to manage these pests. Trap cropping is an emerging way to manage wireworms. In strawberry and potato crops, trap cropping has been found effective at attracting wireworms away from the principal crop. An earlier study in the Golden Triangle area of Montana found that pea and lentil could be effective trap crops for managing wireworms in spring wheat. In the present study, experiments were conducted at two locations. The effectiveness of peas and lentils as trap crops with wheat at different seeding densities was assessed [pea at 0, 4, 8, 16 seeds/sq.ft. or 0, 43, 86, 172 seeds/sq.m.; lentil at 0, 6, 12, 18 OR 0, 65, 130, 194 seeds/sq.m.; both with wheat at 0, 11, 22, or 28 seeds/sq.ft. or 0, 120, 230, 300 seeds/sq.m.] in a randomized design where all three crops were intercropped. Both trap crops were found to be effective in protecting wheat at standard seeding rates of 8 seeds/sq.ft. for pea and 12 seeds/sq.ft. for lentils. At these seeding rates, higher numbers of wireworms were found to be attracted to the trap crop, resulting in higher yield (7%–10%) of the associated spring wheat plant stands at 22 seeds/sq.ft. To develop an effective trap crop strategy, the pea–wheat and lentil–wheat spatial patterns that are possible need to be assessed in further field trials. Proper design and evaluation of the cost–benefit ratio of pea and lentil as trap crops are likely to produce good results for wheat crops in Montana.
Preliminary report on the study of postharvest fruit rot bacteria and yeasts in Lanzhou Lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor) in China
Authors: Ling Lijun , Jiao Zhenglong , Ma Wenxia , Zhao Jin , Feng Juanjuan , Zhang Xi , Li Zibin , Zhang Ji , Lu Lu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFruit rot is one of the most important factors affecting the postharvest quality and shelf life of Lanzhou Lily fruits. The aims of this study were to characterize different isolates from Lanzhou Lily using morphological and molecular approaches and to test their pathogenicity in Lanzhou Lily fruit. Different isolates were collected from decayed Lanzhou Lily fruits in Lanzhou in Gansu Province in China during 2016 and 2017. In total, four isolates were obtained and identified based on their DNA sequences of the 16S rDNA and 26S rDNA genes in combination with the morphological characteristics of the cultures and sporulation. Of the four isolates, one was identified as Bacillus safensis, one was Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and the other two isolates were Metschnikowia pulcherrima. The pathogenicity tests showed that all four isolates were pathogenic in Lanzhou Lily fruit. Previously Fusarium tricinctum has been reported to be the primary cause of fruit rot in Lanzhou Lily throughout the world. Our report is the first to show results that indicate that B. safensis, S. maltophilia and M. pulcherrima are pathogenic in Lanzhou Lily in China. This is the first report on the bacteria and yeast that infect Lanzhou Lily fruits.
Characterization of inflammatory response in hepatorenal syndrome: Relationship with kidney outcome and survival
Authors: Solé Cristina , Solà Elsa , Huelin Patricia , Carol Marta , Moreira Rebeca , Cereijo Unai , Mas José‐Manuel , Graupera Isabel , Pose Elisa , Napoleone Laura , dePrada Gloria , Juanola Adrià , Fabrellas Núria , Torres Ferran , Morales‐Ruiz Manuel , Farrés Judith , Jiménez Wladimiro , Ginès Pere 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundSeveral lines of evidence indicate that decompensated cirrhosis is characterized by the presence of systemic inflammation. Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS‐AKI) is a unique type of renal failure that occurs at late stages of cirrhosis. However, confirmation of the presence and significance of such inflammatory response in HRS‐AKI is lacking.Aim and MethodsTo characterize the systemic inflammatory response, as estimated by measuring a large number of cytokines, in 161 patients hospitalized for an acute decompensation of cirrhosis: 44 patients without acute kidney injury (AKI), 63 patients with hypovolaemia‐induced AKI and 58 patients with HRS‐AKI.ResultsHRS‐AKI was characterized by an altered cytokine profile compared to the other two groups, particularly IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α, VCAM‐1, fractalkine and MIP‐1α. The inflammatory response was not related to presence of bacterial infection, concomitant acute‐on‐chronic liver failure or severity of renal dysfunction. Patients who responded to terlipressin and albumin had only a decrease in TNF‐α and RANTES after treatment without changes in other cytokines. Interestingly, patients with persistent HRS‐AKI had higher levels of IP‐10 and VCAM‐1 compared to those with resolution of HRS‐AKI. VCAM‐1 was also an independent predictor of 3‐month mortality. A systems biology analysis approach showed that the inflammatory status of HRS‐AKI was similar to that of chronic nonhepatic inflammatory conditions, such as lupus erythematosus or inflammatory bowel disease.ConclusionHepatorenal syndrome is characterized by a marked systemic inflammatory state, reminiscent of that of nonhepatic inflammatory diseases, that correlates with patient outcomes.
Prevalence and outcomes of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among Asian American adults in the United States
Authors: Golabi Pegah , Paik James , Hwang Jessica P. , Wang Su , Lee Hannah M. , Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects about 25% of the general population worldwide. Although epidemiology of NAFLD is well studied in the United States, there is paucity of data for the Asian Americans. Our aim was to assess the prevalence and risk factors for NAFLD among Asian Americans.MethodsWe utilized NHANES data for 2011‐2016. We defined NAFLD using recently derived US‐FLI. Relative risks (RRs) and population attributable fractions (PAFs) of metabolic components on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and advanced fibrosis were calculated for Asian Americans, and these rates were compared to non‐Hispanic whites.ResultsNAFLD prevalence was 18.3% among Asian Americans and 28.4% among non‐Hispanic whites. Asian Americans with NAFLD had lower BMI and waist circumference than non‐Hispanic whites with NAFLD and were less likely to have metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer and incident ASCVD (P < 0.05). Hyperlipidaemia had the highest attributable fraction (76.6%) for risk of ASCVD among Asian Americans with NAFLD, followed by diabetes (24.0%), current smoking (9.2%), and obesity (3.7%). Advanced fibrosis in Asian American with NAFLD was independently associated with presence of type 2 diabetes (RR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.00‐7.27).ConclusionsAsian Americans have lower prevalence of NAFLD than non‐Hispanic whites. However, Asian Americans with NAFLD have similar risk factors for advanced fibrosis and ASCVD than non‐Hispanic Whites.
Acclimation and adaptation components of the temperature dependence of plant photosynthesis at the global scale
Authors: Kumarathunge Dushan P. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Drake John E. , Tjoelker Mark G. , Aspinwall Michael J. , Battaglia Michael , Cano Francisco J. , Carter Kelsey R. , Cavaleri Molly A. , Cernusak Lucas A. , Chambers Jeffrey Q. , Crous Kristine Y. , De Kauwe Martin G. , Dillaway Dylan N. , Dreyer Erwin , Ellsworth David S. , Ghannoum Oula , Han Qingmin , Hikosaka Kouki , Jensen Anna M. , Kelly Jeff W. G. , Kruger Eric L. , Mercado Lina M. , Onoda Yusuke , Reich Peter B. , Rogers Alistair , Slot Martijn , Smith Nicholas G. , Tarvainen Lasse , Tissue David T. , Togashi Henrique F. , Tribuzy Edgard S. , Uddling Johan , Vårhammar Angelica , Wallin Göran , Warren Jeffrey M. , Way Danielle A. 
Published: December 2018

Summary

The temperature response of photosynthesis is one of the key factors determining predicted responses to warming in global vegetation models (GVMs). The response may vary geographically, owing to genetic adaptation to climate, and temporally, as a result of acclimation to changes in ambient temperature. Our goal was to develop a robust quantitative global model representing acclimation and adaptation of photosynthetic temperature responses.

We quantified and modelled key mechanisms responsible for photosynthetic temperature acclimation and adaptation using a global dataset of photosynthetic CO2 response curves, including data from 141 C3 species from tropical rainforest to Arctic tundra. We separated temperature acclimation and adaptation processes by considering seasonal and common‐garden datasets, respectively.

The observed global variation in the temperature optimum of photosynthesis was primarily explained by biochemical limitations to photosynthesis, rather than stomatal conductance or respiration. We found acclimation to growth temperature to be a stronger driver of this variation than adaptation to temperature at climate of origin.

We developed a summary model to represent photosynthetic temperature responses and showed that it predicted the observed global variation in optimal temperatures with high accuracy. This novel algorithm should enable improved prediction of the function of global ecosystems in a warming climate.
Mitigation of IV Abuse Through the Use of Abuse‐Deterrent Opioid Formulations: An Overview of Current Technologies
Authors: Rauck Richard L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractProviders who treat patients with chronic pain face a dual challenge: providing adequate access to opioid therapies for appropriate pain management while adopting strategies to minimize the risk for abuse. Commonly prescribed opioids have substantial abuse potential when administered intravenously, and extended‐release (ER)/long‐acting (LA) opioids may be targeted for intravenous (IV) abuse because of the higher per‐dose medication level. The consequences of IV opioid abuse are severe and increase the risks for adverse outcomes, including mortality due to acute health events, serious infections, and deep vein thrombosis, to name a few. To reduce the potential for abuse of prescription opioids by both recreational and experienced drug abusers, abuse‐deterrent formulations (ADFs) of opioid medications employ either physical/chemical barriers or agonist‐antagonist combinations. Here we review the development and use of opioid ADFs as a harm‐reduction strategy, and their potential for mitigating IV opioid abuse. The approved ER/LA opioids with ADF labeling in the United States include formulations of oxycodone, hydrocodone, and morphine. Findings from in vitro laboratory tests of abuse deterrence for opioid ADFs are described herein, as are data from human abuse potential studies for IV abuse of those ADF products, for which such studies are feasible (ie, abuse‐deterrent agonist‐antagonist formulations). The available ADF opioids may decrease both the attractiveness and the feasibility of IV abuse. The adoption of ADF opioids represents one tactic for providing access to needed medication for patients with chronic pain, while potentially reducing the risk for opioid abuse, in a comprehensive effort to combat the opioid epidemic.
Depressive symptoms in adolescents in Kuching, Malaysia: Prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Ang Ai Ling , Wahab Suzaily , Abd Rahman Fairuz Nazri , Hazmi Helmy , Md Yusoff Rosliwati 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe trend of depression is rising worldwide. There are limited studies on depression in adolescents. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and identify the factors associated with depressive symptoms in adolescents in Kuching, Malaysia, and to analyze the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in 320 students from urban and rural secondary schools. The participants were randomly selected via multi‐stage sampling. They completed the Malay versions of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS).ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms was 26.2%. On binary logistic regression analysis, variables with significant association with depressive symptoms were race (P = 0.028), type of class (P < 0.001), mother's education level (P = 0.036), type of housing (P = 0.036), parents’ marital status (P = 0.012), alcohol intake (P = 0.005), stealing (P < 0.001) and history of disciplinary record (P = 0.005). Variables that remained significant on multivariable logistic regression were type of class (P = 0.004), parents’ marital status (P = 0.017) and stealing (P < 0.001). Students from the Arts stream (OR, 2.43) with parents who were separated, divorced or widowed (OR, 3.13) and who had experience of stealing (OR, 3.27) were predicted to be at risk of developing depressive symptoms. There was a significant correlation between total CDI score and total BSS score (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms in adolescents was high. Depressive symptoms are significantly correlated with suicidal ideation. Greater collaboration between the education and health agencies is essential for mental health promotion in schools and early detection of depression, especially in at‐risk adolescents.
Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure in children with biliary atresia awaiting liver transplantation
Authors: D’Souza Rashmi , Grammatikopoulos Tassos , Pradhan Akhilesh , Sutton Harry , Douiri Abdel , Davenport Mark , Verma Anita , Dhawan Anil 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesAcute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is an acute decompensation of cirrhosis complicated by other organ failure and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. ACLF has not been studied in children with biliary atresia (BA), which is the commonest indication for pediatric liver transplantation (LT) worldwide. This study aims to evaluate ACLF and outcomes in children with BA while awaiting deceased donor LT.MethodsThis was a subanalysis of the dataset from a prospective cohort study of patients aged 0‐18 years who underwent portoenterostomy for BA and were listed for LT at King's College Hospital, London, between 1999 and 2003. Outcomes included the development of ACLF, mortality, and complications.ResultsNinety‐nine (41 male) children were included, and follow‐up was 10 [6.0‐15.0] years. A total of 20/99 children developed ACLF. ACLF was associated with increased mortality while awaiting LT (20% vs 4%; P = 0.03). There were no associations between biochemical parameters at listing and death. Increased bilirubin levels 3 months post‐portoenterostomy was predictive of development of ACLF (AUROC = 0.72, P < 0.01). Age at LT and time on the waiting list in the ACLF subgroup were both lower compared to the non‐ACLF group (P > 0.05). Sepsis and gastrointestinal bleeding were the commonest precipitants of ACLF. Complications included ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome; the ACLF subgroup required multisystem support and longer intensive care unit stay.ConclusionsACLF in children with BA awaiting deceased donor LT carries increased mortality and morbidity. This warrants stratification of patients for earlier wait‐listing and prioritization for LT.
Outcomes of kidney transplants in pediatric patients with the vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies, limb abnormalities association
Authors: Diaz Jessica , Chavers Blanche , Chinnakotla Srinath , Verghese Priya 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this single‐center retrospective study, we analyzed kidney transplant outcomes in nine pediatric patients with VACTERL [vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies, limb abnormalities] association—making this the largest study of its kind. Of 743 pediatric kidney transplant recipients at our center (1980‐2017), nine had documented diagnoses of VACTERL association. All nine had congenital anorectal malformations and renal anomalies, five had vertebral defects, and one had a bifid thumb and tracheoesophageal fistula. Renal anomalies included dysplasia (n = 6), aplasia (n = 3), and horseshoe kidney (n = 2). Congenital lower urinary tract anomalies included neurogenic bladder (n = 6), obstructive uropathy (n = 4), anovesicular fistula (n = 1), rectourethral fistula (n = 1), and posterior urethral valves (n = 1). Age at transplant ranged from 1.2 to 15 years (mean, 7.3; standard deviation [SD], 5.5); 6 (67%) were male, and 3 (33%) were female; 6 (67%) had a living related donor, and 3 (33%) had a deceased donor. The overall graft survival rate was 78% (range, 1.5 to 25.2 years; mean, 10.5; SD, 8.9). One month post‐transplant, one recipient died with a functioning graft. At 3.7 years post‐transplant, one graft failed because of recurrent pyelonephritis. Post‐transplant urologic complications included pyelonephritis (n = 6), vesicoureteral reflux (n = 5), and graft hydronephrosis (n = 4). We conclude that pediatric patients with VACTERL association can be safely transplanted—careful patient selection with vigilance and intervention for pre‐ and post‐transplant urologic complications is essential.