bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imbalance of Th22/Treg cells causes microinflammation in uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Ren Tingting , Xiong Jingyuan , Liu Guangliang , Wang Shaoyong , Tan Zhongqi , Fu Bin , Zhang Ruilin , Liao Xuesong , Wang Qirong , Guo Zonglin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Regulatory T (Treg) cells are of critical functionality in immune activation and inflammation in uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). A disruption in balance of Treg cells has potency to elicit infectious disease progression. Here, we examined possible association between ratio imbalance of Th22/Treg cells and microinflammation in uremic patients undergoing HD.
Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated to allow measurement of the percentage of Th22 cells and Treg cells using flow cytometry. Subsequently, serum levels of related cytokines, interleukin (IL) 22 (IL-22) and IL-10 and inflammatory factors, C-reactive protein (CRP), (TNF-α), IL-6 were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then relationships among dialysis time, microinflammation status (CRP) and dialysis adequacy (immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), urea clearance index (Kt/V), β2-MG, serum calcium, and serum phosphorus) were evaluated. Finally, correlation between microinflammation status and dialysis adequacy was analyzed with Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
Results: An increased percentage of Th22 and a decreased percentage of Treg cells were evident in uremic patients undergoing HD. Serum levels of IL-22, CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 were increased, while IL-10 serum level was reduced. An imbalance of Th22/Treg cells was associated with microinflammation status in uremic patients undergoing HD. Furthermore, prolongation of the dialysis time, the microinflammation status and dialysis adequacy were changed. Increased dialysis adequacy was observed to correlate with alleviated microinflammation of uremic patients undergoing HD.
Conclusions: Conjointly, an imbalance of Th22/Treg cells may be a potential cause responsible for uremia occurrence, which in turn indicates that uremia could be effectively alleviated by altering the ratio of Th22/Treg cells.
Structured External Memory Aid Treatment for Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Lanzi Alyssa , Bourgeois Michelle S. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The aims of this study were (a) to examine the effects of a structured external memory aid (EMA) treatment for individuals with possible mild neurocognitive disorder on their use of EMAs to compensate for memory impairments, (b) to examine the extent that improved functional EMA use maintains following intervention, and (c) to measure the effects of treatment on participants' self-reported memory skills.

Method
The researchers employed a multiple-baseline design across subjects within dyads. Data were collected using the Roleplay Assessment. The graphed data were analyzed visually at baseline, treatment, and maintenance sessions. In addition, the researchers examined the participants' self-report of memory skills through an experimental pre–post design.

Results
Following intervention, a functional strategy use treatment effect was observed. All 6 participants' graphs revealed a large positive change in level, with no overlapping data. Statistical analyses also supported the positive effects of treatment. The participants maintained the use of strategies for 1–3 months. The participants self-reported a statistically significant increase in strategy use following intervention.

Conclusions
With treatment, individuals with mild memory impairments can learn to use EMAs to facilitate enhanced performance on functional activities. This study provides evidence for the importance of documenting individual treatment effects and using a functional measure to examine compensatory strategy use in everyday tasks.
Embolization of Chest Neoplasms: The Next Frontier in Interventional Oncology?
Authors: Lorenz Jonathan M. , Navuluri Rakesh 
Published: August 2019

The management of chest tumors and their sequelae has been an uncommon indication for transarterial embolization (TAE). More recently, vascular embolization has been increasingly performed for this indication. The most common reported indication for embolization of neoplastic disease in the chest is the control of bleeding resulting either from iatrogenic causes or from tumor invasion into a bronchus or vessel.A natural extension of the application of TAE to neoplasm-related hemoptysis is its burgeoning indication as a possible primary treatment for benign chest tumors, primary lung neoplasms, and metastatic disease in patients that are refractory to systemic therapies and have limited or no surgical options. The goals for this indication are tumor regression and management of bulk-related symptoms. In addition to bland TAE for this indication, authors have reported very initial results applying transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and transarterial radioembolization (TARE) to chest neoplasms with promising results that support feasibility and safety. This article is an up-to-date review of the management of chest tumors with embolization and its variants.
Esophageal Atresia: State of the Art in Translating Experimental Research to the Bedside
Authors: Bruns Nicholas E. , Glenn Ian C. , Ponsky Todd A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLong-gap esophageal atresia is one of the most challenging diseases in the field of pediatric surgery. There is no optimal therapy, and thus many potential therapies and techniques are being actively explored, both in animal models and in neonates. This article will review the available experimental treatment options with a focus on novel techniques.
Photoacid generators. Application and current state of development
Authors: Kuznetsova Nina A. , Malkov Georgy V. , Gribov Boris G. 
Published: August 2019

Photoacid generators are used as components of photocurable polymer formulations and chemically amplified photoresists in microelectronics industry. In recent years, these compounds gained importance as components of various engineering materials. The review presents the classification of photoacid generators and summarizes data on photochemical processes giving photoacids. A special section is devoted to practical applications of photoacid generators and the current state of their development.The bibliography includes 118 references.
Combinatorial analysis of the period mapping: the topology of 2D fibres
Authors: Bogatyrev A. B. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We study the period mapping from the moduli space of real hyperelliptic curves to a Euclidean space. The mapping arises in the analysis of Chebyshev’s construction used in the constrained optimization of the uniform norm of polynomials and rational functions. The decomposition of the moduli space into polyhedra labelled by planar graphs allows us to investigate the global topology of low-dimensional fibres of the period mapping.
Bibliography: 23 titles.
Discarding social investment and redistribution in the name of austerity? The case of Finnish family policy reforms 2007—2015
Authors: Nygård Mikael , Nyby Josefine , Kuisma Mikko 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTSince the 1970s, Finland has conducted family policies that could be labelled social investments, for example, investments in work–family balance or public childcare, while at the same time it has protected the economic standard of families with children through various income transfers. However, after the 2008–2009 financial crisis these policies including those with socially investing objectives have been increasingly subjected to cuts in benefit levels and entitlements in order to lower public expenditure, which raises the question if there has been a shift away from social investments and redistribution towards austerity policies. By analysing government programs from the period 2007–2015, this article discusses if, and to what extent, such a change can be traced in the Finnish government discourse. More specifically the article studies the narrative stories used to legitimise changes (reforms) in existing family policy and to what extent these changes were informed by a social investment perspective focusing on ‘new’ social risks, a traditional redistribution perspective emphasising ‘old’ social risks, or a neoliberal austerity perspective advocating fiscal austerity and welfare cuts. We argue that the first two perspectives were dominant prior to and during the first phase of the international financial crisis, whereas the third perspective became dominant after the crisis. Moreover, the results show that the main storyline in the legitimisation of the reforms was stories of ‘progress’ in combination with stories of ‘control’ and helplessness’.
Phase Diagram of the Spin-1/2 Heisenberg Alternating Chain in a Magnetic Field*
Authors: Chen Wei-Xia , Ren Jie , You Wen-Long , Hao Xiang , Wu Yin-Zhong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

By using the infinite time-evolving block decimation, we study quantum fidelity and entanglement entropy in the spin-1/2 Heisenberg alternating chain under an external magnetic field. The effects of the magnetic field on the fidelity are investigated, and its relation with the quantum phase transition (QPT) is analyzed. The phase diagram of the model is given accordingly, which supports the Haldane phase, the singlet-dimer phase, the Luttinger liquid phase and the paramagnetic phase. The scaling of entanglement entropy in the gapless Luttinger liquid phase is studied, and the central charge c = 1 is obtained. We also study the relationship between the quantum coherence, string order parameter and QPTs. Results obtained from these quantum information observations are consistent with the previous reports.
Advanced automatic detection of fetal body movements from multichannel magnetocardiographic signals
Authors: Schmidt A , Witte R , Swiderski L , Zöllkau J , Schneider U , Hoyer D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective: Both heart rate (HR) monitoring and detection and description of fetal movements provide essential information of the integrity of in utero development and fetal wellbeing. Our previously described method to identify movements from multichannel magnetocardiographic (MCG) recordings lacks of reliability in some cases. This work is aimed at the improvement of fetal movement detection by means of an advanced signal processing and validation strategy. Approach: The previously proposed methodology of fetal body movement detection from MCG recordings using single space angle (SSA), min–max amplitude (MMA) and a measure of the overall signal strength across (RSS) was extended by moving correlation coefficient (MCC). The methodology was developed with respect to the discrimination between active and quiet sleep, validated by testing its coupling with HR accelerations in a total of 137 recordings lasting 30 min from 98 fetuses aged 34–38 weeks of gestation (WGA) of normal pregnancy. Main results: The developed algorithm improves the reliable automatic detection of fetal body movements independent of the fetal sleep states and their changes in the individual MCG recordings. In the fetuses aged 34–38 WGA 94% of 15  ×  15 HR accelerations were coupled with detected movements. The visual inspection of the movement graphs of 30 fetuses aged 20–32 WGA supports the transferability of the movement detector to this age. In four subjects MCG-based movement detection and maternal report on percepted fetal movements were consistent. Significance: The presented methodology allows the parallel automatic acquisition of precise fetal heart rate variability (HRV) indices based on subsequent beat intervals and of fetal body movements from MCG recordings during late 2nd and 3rd trimester. Potential advantages of parallel monitoring of fetal HRV and movements using MCG compared to established ultrasound technology should be investigated in subsequent studies with respect to the identification of fetuses at risk.
The particle tracking code BBCNI for large negative ion beams and their diagnostics
Authors: Hurlbatt A , den Harder N , Wünderlich D , Fantz U 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Heating and current drive in the next generation tokamak ITER requires the use of large and powerful neutral beams, generated by a precursor ion beam from an ion source around 1 m × 2 m in cross-section. To avoid energy losses and component damage, strict requirements are placed on the divergence and uniformity of this ion beam, which is comprised of many individual beamlets. Understanding, controlling, and predicting the behaviour of these large ion beams requires knowledge of these individual beamlets and their interactions with one another. This is hindered by available experimental diagnostics on these large beams typically only having access to volume averaged information. A forward simulation of beam diagnostics would allow the connection of experimental results with otherwise unobtainable individual beamlet properties. The particle tracking and ray tracing code Bavarian Beam Code for Negative Ions was developed for this reason, and takes into account the interaction of individual component beamlets with whole-beam diagnostics to produce synthetic data that can be compared with experimental results. In this work a significantly reworked and upgraded version of the code is presented and example results are given and analysed for the ITER relevant test facility BATMAN Upgrade. It is shown how the simulation can recreate experimental results, and that one must consider the whole beam in order to do so. The impact of beamlet mixing on beam emission spectroscopy results is shown, as is the importance of long range magnetic fields on the beam transport. The capabilities and limitations of the code are discussed with a view toward application to ITER size ion sources.
Current–voltage characteristics of double disordered REBCO coated conductors exposed to magnetic fields with edge gradients
Authors: Gnilsen Johannes , Usoskin Alexander , Eisterer Michael , Betz Ulrich , Schlenga Klaus 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A study of HTS-coated tapes which are exposed to a low and medium field with a gradient in the flux density is performed in order to enable relevant and accurate tape characterization as well as to determine the relevant information for applications, where a magnetic field gradient occurs. In particular, the study is focused on ultra-high-magnet-field YBCO-coated tapes. Such tapes based on double disordered YBCO layer with intrinsic and extrinsic precipitations exhibit a ‘champion’ performance in ultra-high (31 T) magnetic fields. Alternative measurement techniques, based on miniature permanent magnets or a pulsed electro-magnet was developed to characterize the critical current, I

c
, in 0.5 and 3 T fields at 77 K, B//c, respectively. For the field dependence of the critical current, an ‘extended alpha approximation’ is suggested, which enables a sufficiently accurate description of the tape behavior in the low and medium field range, i.e. from 0 to 6 T. Local and integral voltage response in the tapes are analyzed and compared with experimental results. Observations of the effect that gains the influence of local I

c
-inhomogeneities exposed to a spatially confined magnetic field are described and discussed. The effects of local heating and cooling are shown to be limited via lowering the transport currents and finally a reduced power dissipation in the tape exposed to a localized magnetic field with two gradient zones was demonstrated. Correction factors needed to determine the critical current from the field dependence of the integral voltage response are derived and discussed.
First-principles calculation of optical responses based on nonorthogonal localized orbitals
Authors: Wang Chong , Zhao Sibo , Guo Xiaomi , Ren Xinguo , Gu Bing-Lin , Xu Yong , Duan Wenhui 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Based on ab initio software packages using nonorthogonal localized orbitals, we develop a general scheme of calculating response functions. We test the performance of this method by calculating nonlinear optical responses of materials, like the shift current conductivity of monolayer WS2, and achieve good agreement with previous calculations. This method bears many similarities to Wannier interpolation, which requires a challenging optimization of Wannier functions due to the conflicting requirements of orthogonality and localization. Although computationally heavier compared to Wannier interpolation, our procedure avoids the construction of Wannier functions and thus enables automated high throughput calculations of linear and nonlinear responses related to electrical, magnetic and optical material properties.
Galaxy formation and dark matter: small scale problems and quantum effects on astrophysical scales
Authors: El-Zant Amr A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Although non-baryonic dark matter seems essential in the context of the currently favoured cosmological model, the standard dark matter scenario is facing problems: experimental searches have failed to find the relevant particles, closing the mass-corssection window of the ‘WIMP miracle’, and the model suffers from problems on (sub) galactic scales. The cold dark matter (CDM) invoked may turn out to be too cold and needs to be heated; so that its solution to the dearth of visible matter in the outer parts of galaxies is not accompanied by the problem of an excess of matter in their centres (along with other possibly related problems, such as the numerical excess of predicted satellites). After a heuristic introduction to some aspects of the rationales that lead to the CDM paradigm, I discuss the properties of self gravitating CDM structures (haloes) and the proposed reasons for their apparently ‘universal profiles’ (including new simulations attempting to explain aspects of their advent), the galactic-scale problems associated with them, and proposed solutions, focussing on baryonic solutions and the recently topical ultra-light axion particles as replacement for the standard weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). It is hoped that at least parts of this review would be helpful to a general physics audience interested in the problem of dark matter in an astrophysical context.
Ergodicity variation in a long range interacting one-dimensional Ising spin system subject to a time-varying magnetic field
Authors: Sadiek Gehad , Al-mutairi Habeba 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We consider one dimensional Ising spin system in a transverse uniform time-dependent magnetic field. The asymptotic behavior of the bipartite entanglements between the terminal spin and each one of the other spins along the chain is investigated and compared at different spin-spin interaction ranges, from nearest neighbor to infinite long range, under the separate action of two different magnetic fields, constant and time-varying. We find that each of the nearest neighbor and next to nearest neighbor bipartite entanglements reach an asymptotic final state that is independent of the initial condition or the variation in the interaction range showing perfect ergodic behavior at quite short interaction ranges. However, the nearest neighbor entanglement maintains this behavior at a slightly longer ranges. The other bipartite entanglements assume a zero value within these interaction ranges. At intermediate short and long interaction ranges, the asymptotic states of all entanglements become strongly dependent on the initial state and the interaction range, deviating from the ergodic behavior observed before. The maximum asymptotic entanglement attainable between a pair of spins takes place at a long interaction range value that increases with the distance between the spins. At the infinite long range interaction, the dynamics of all bipartite entanglements coincide. great care should be taken in constructing both.
Plasma boundary of nonlinear sheath dynamics for arbitrary waveforms in capacitive discharge
Authors: Elgendy Abdelfattah T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Capacitively coupled RF discharges (RF-CCPs) can offer a higher quality of semiconductor fabricating and processing thin film by applied full y arbitrary waveforms. Using different applied arbitrary voltage waveform, one can design varies distributions with specific tailoring features. Analyzing RF -CCPs dynamics using non-harmonically modulated sheath is more complicated. In this theoretical study of fluid model, various types of excitation waveforms, such as square, sawtooth, dual frequency, and pulse-like excitation were applied. Furthermore, different important semi-analytical descriptions, such as the particle density, instantaneous electric field distributions, the voltage and the effective charge-voltage of time characteristics of arbitrary waveforms are obtained. By applying the collision and collisionless self-consistent numerical solutions of the fluid model all complex dynamics are accomplished. In addition, by using the model of an ensemble in space-time (EST) it is found that arbitrary waveforms can offer more possibilities for tailoring IEDs for a purpose in collisionless regimes more than collisional regimes. Moreover, mo re control of RF-CCPs will be achieved for the different purpose of materials processing.
Enhanced Photovoltaic Parameters of Titania/Graphene Nanocomposites Based Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Khedr G E , Abdallah T , Morsi R E , Talaat H 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe efficiency of carbon-based dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is improved by mixing titania with graphene (GR) sheets. The composite films of GR sheets and TiO2were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The grinding of GR with TiO2leads to smaller size TiO2nanoparticles which increases their surface area. The photovoltaic efficiency varied with the mixing ratio giving the highest efficiency at a ratio of 1 wt. % of GR to TiO2. The increase in the photovoltaic efficiency is more than doubled the one without GR under the same conditions. Mesoporous carbon from candle flame and N3 dye were used instead of Pt and N719 dye to reduce the cost.
The influence of gamma irradiation doses on the morphological and physical properties of wheat
Authors: El-Kameesy S U , Salama E , Ghannam M M , Roshdy S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The fluorescence and light absorption and dielectric characteristics of wheat are studied to investigate the influence of gamma exposure on germination, morphological and physical properties of wheat plant. Wheat grains were irradiated at 0, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 5, 7 and 10 krad. The obtained results indicated that, pronounced increase in germination rate, plant height, and root length were obtained at 2.5 krad treatment. Furthermore, those characteristics were evaluated for chlorophyll at different doses given to wheat grains. The analysis of these spectra indicates that the maximum emission and absorption obtained at 2.5 krad gamma irradiation dose. Moreover, the dielectric properties and the electric conductivity of the different irradiated samples were determined in the frequency range 20 Hz- 100 kHz. The obtained data were treated precisely to determine the dielectric constant and the Ac conductivity that easily describe the plant growth. The predictions of the obtained results give further support for the 2.5 krad to be the best dose to stimulate the plant growth features.