bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Papillomavirus–Related Malignancies in the Setting of Posttransplantation Immunosuppression
Authors: Stiebing Brittany N. , Rosado Flavia G. , Vos Jeffrey A. 
Published: May 2018

Context.—The use of immunosuppression to avoid allograft rejection within the host creates the opportunity for unchecked development of malignancy in the posttransplantation setting. These malignancies frequently show association with human papillomavirus. Within this specific patient population, understanding the oncogenic role of this virus is vital for prompt recognition and treatment of malignancy and precursor lesions as well as the institution of appropriate preventive measures.Objective.—To review the role of human papillomavirus in the development of malignancies and their precursor lesions in the posttransplantation setting.Data Sources.—The study comprised a review of the literature.Conclusions.—The development of human papillomavirus–related malignancies in transplantation patients is dependent on several factors, such as virus subtype, length of immunosuppression, and type of immunosuppressive therapy. Malignancies within these patients differ from those in the general population in terms of pathogenesis, frequency, and recurrence rate, and therefore require further understanding to allow for optimal surveillance and clinical management.
The Role of Human Papillomavirus in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ducatman Barbara S. 
Published: May 2018

Context.—
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is implicated in the development of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPC), particularly those cancers developing in tonsillar tissue.

Objectives.—
To review the prevalence, subtypes, and methods of detecting HPV in OPC and to review the epidemiology, histology, staging, management, and prevention of these cancers.

Data Sources.—
The study comprised a review of the literature.

Conclusions.—
The incidence of HPV-OPC is rising globally and in the United States, but rates of HPV-positivity vary with the anatomic site(s) and the population studied, as well as the method of detecting HPV infection. These tumors are more common in men. In contrast to HPV− OPC, the rates of smoking and alcohol abuse are lower. The HPV 16 subtype is predominant, and immunohistochemistry staining for p16 and in situ hybridization are the most widely used methods clinically to detect transcriptionally active HPV. Moreover, HPV-OPC has a unique tumor phenotype with predominantly nonkeratinizing morphology and a variety of patterns. These cancers often present with cystic lymph node metastases. The prognosis for HPV-OPC is significantly better than HPV− OPC and has led to differences in grading, staging, and management. Although there are similarities to cervical cancer, there are challenges in preventing such cancers.
L’identité fransaskoise en pièces ou l’insoutenable angoisse de l’autre : tensions entre communautarisme et cosmopolitisme dans le théâtre fransaskois
Authors: Labrecque Rémi 
Published: May 2018

Cet article a pour objectif de réfléchir à la manière dont l’identité des francophones est représentée dans trois pièces fransaskoises, soitDe blé d’inde et de pissenlitsde Lorraine Archambault,Il était une fois Delmas, Sask… mais pas deux fois!d’André Roy etElephant Wakede Joey Tremblay. Je présente une analyse des discours qui s’en dégagent à l’aide des concepts de chercheurs et de chercheuses qui abordent la réalité des francophones en milieu minoritaire du point de vue sociologique ou culturel (Monica Heller, Normand Labrie, Joseph Yvon Thériault et François Paré), ou encore, qui s’intéressent au contexte de production et de réception des oeuvres fransaskoises en étudiant les stratégies d’inclusion et de résistance qui s’y trouvent (Marie-Diane Clarke, Nicole Côté, Deborah Cottreau, Louise Ladouceur, Shavaun Liss, Jane Moss, Ian C. Nelson et Nicole Nolette). Après avoir présenté les différences entre des oeuvres à vocation communautaire et artistique, l’article se termine en prenant position en faveur des accommodements occasionnels tels que des surtitres dans la sphère du théâtre francophone dans l’Ouest canadien, car ce genre de stratégie s’avère essentielle pour la survie et l’épanouissement de cette forme d’art minoritaire qui permet aux Fransaskois (de souche ou d’adoption) d’affirmer leur identité sur la scène.
La conciliation des normes juridiques multiniveaux dans la construction des politiques d’immigration francophone dans l’Ouest du Canada
Authors: NDOTA-NGBALE Laetitia 
Published: May 2018

Pour les communautés francophones de l’Ouest canadien, les décisions judiciaires constituent la pierre angulaire des avancées ou du recul des droits linguistiques, comme en témoignent les réactions aux récentes causesCaronc.Alberta(2015) etRose-des-ventsc.Colombie-Britannique(2015). Or, à côté de la jurisprudence et des droits linguistiques constitutionnels, d’autres normes juridiques viennent à l’appui des minorités d’expression française.Aussi, cette étude propose une analyse juridique de lois linguistiques fédérales et provinciales, d’ententes bilatérales, d’attributions légales municipales contribuant à la construction de politiques publiques d’immigration internationale francophone. Les autorités municipales, bien que n’ayant pas de compétence en matière d’im-migration, sont des acteurs essentiels au continuum d’immigration. Cependant, pour améliorer l’effectivité des stratégies de développement linguistique, les normes fédérales, provinciales et municipales mériteraient d’être davantage conciliées.Dans un contexte où le nombre de personnes ayant le français comme langue maternelle diminue dans l’ouest (Statistique Canada, 2016), tout l’enjeu est de renforcer la mise en réseau de ces normes multiniveaux afin de développer des politiques d’immigration permettant d’accroître la présence francophone. À titre d’illustration et de manière prospective, l’accent sera mis sur les actions internationales des provinces et des municipalités favorisant l’immigration francophone.
Options for maintaining fishery production in the United Arab Emirates due to climate change adaptation strategies
Authors: Fathelrahman Eihab , Siddig Khalid , Al-Qaydi Saif , Rafi Ullah Tasbih Ullah Safdar Muhammad, 
Published: May 2018

Fisheries around the world continue to face high demand for more fish to catch in order to offer a healthier alternative source of protein. This is mostly due to the declining global wild fish stock. The United Arab Emirates (UAE), similar to many other countries, has witnessed declining per capita fish availability in the last three decades due to such decreasing fish catch. The goal of this research is to study the benefits and socio-economic implication of adopting sustainable practices in face of climatic uncertainty in the UAE. More specifically, the study undertakes impact analyses of efforts made to sustain such valuable natural resource endowment, i.e., the fish stock. The sustainable practices of the fisheries sector include both hard and soft measures. Hard measures include construction of artificial fish habitats in the Arabian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Meanwhile, soft measures include enforcement of regulations that protect and conserve the fisheries’ stocks. The economic impacts of these practices are evaluated assuming targeted shiftsbased on assumned scenarios of adaptations measures. To achieve the research objective empirical UAE economic data and Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model used to perform the analysis. Results show that prices of fishery products and of other related commodities will decline which will benefit the consumers the most. Producers in all relevant directly and indirectly related economic sectors gain due to more sales, which offsets economic losses caused by the lower fish prices. Returns to factors of production, such capital, and labor, also change from sustainable practices. To measure these impacts this study measures the changes in consumer and producer welfare in the UAE due to the simulated targeted interventions. The limitation of such proposed climate change adaptation impact is that fishermen are profit maximizers and so they may underinvest in sustainable adaptations to climate change which implies that public sector (e.g. government) should play a positive role to sustain fisheries sectors practices in the long-term.
The effect of using quarter individual milking system “MultiLactor” on improvement of milk performance and milk quality of different dairy cows breeds in different farms
Authors: Kaskous Shehadeh 
Published: May 2018

Milking machine is an important factor in milk performance and milk quality during the course of milk removal in dairy cows. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of using quarter individual milking system “MultiLactor” (ML) on improvement of milk performance and milk quality of different dairy cows breeds in different farms. A quarter individual Milking system ML has a single guided tubes with a vacuum of 34 kPa, pulsation rate of 60 cycle/min and ration of 60 to 40%. The system has also a periodic air inlet and a sequential pulsation. In this study, milking data were collected from 170 Holstein Friesian cows (Farm 1), 130 Holstein Friesian (red) cows (Farm 2) and 54 Brown Swiss cows (Farm 3). Quantitative and qualitative milk data of these farms have been recorded by Association of milk records, Switzerland. The primary milking data of cows were collected during the period from 2010 to 2015 after using the new milking system. The data were later processed with Excel program and analyzed using the statistical analysis system (SAS). The results are presented as least square means with standard errors (LSM±SE) and the significant difference was set at (P<0.05). The daily milk yield during the study period from 2010 to 2015 increased significantly to 117% (from 34.64±1.23 to 40.51±1.00 kg/day/animal), 162% (from 20.29±1.37 to 30.88±0.65 kg/day/animal) and 151% (from 15.04±0.83 to 22.71±0.54 kg/day/animal) in farms 1, 2 and 3 respectively after using of ML milking system. Fat and protein content of the milk also increased during the same period of three breeds and farms. However, the results showed that the milking system ML had significant effects on the udder health status by reducing continuously somatic cell count (SCC) in milk by 54.81%, 51.54% and 51.66% in farm 1, 2 and 3 respectively during the study period. Furthermore, Lactation number of the cows were continuously increased in the study during the same period. In conclusion, after 5 years of using ML, it has been shown that a quarter individual milking machine was adapted to the physiological requirements of dairy farms and different breeds and the milk removal with ML brings better quantity and quality of milk in terms of improved milk performance, fat %, protein % and lower number of SCC in the milk.
Synthesis of 5‐Substituted Benzo[h]quinoline Derivatives via Reactions Involving C(sp2)−Br Bond Activation
Authors: Orwat Bartosz , Oh Myong‐joon Oh , Kubicki Maciej , Kownacki Ireneusz 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn view of literature reports, benzo[h]quinoline and its substituted analogues, due to their structural similarity to 2‐phenylpyridine derivatives, appear to be very promising C,N‐cyclometalating ligands for iridium‐based Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diode technology. 5‐bromo‐benzo[h]quinoline aroused our particular interest as a convenient precursor for further transformations, and was successfully functionalized in the course of transition metal‐promoted exclusive C−C, C−O and C−N bond formation, yielding a series of 5‐substituted benzo[h]quinoline derivatives with unique structures and properties. Some of the synthesized compounds seemed to be appropriate starting materials for subsequent transformations, and enabled the preparation of new benzo[h]quinoline‐based materials, for instance those with fluorine or silsesquioxane groups, which have not been synthesized by the conventional Scraup protocol. In selected transformations, the assistance of microwave irradiation as a non‐conventional energy carrier significantly improved efficiency, leading to the formation of desired products with yields of up to 99%.magnified image
Mediastinal lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer: Differences between two countries, Japan and the Netherlands
Authors: Cuesta Miguel A. , van der Peet Donald L. , Gisbertz Suzanne S. , Straatman Jennifer 
Published: May 2018

AbstractExtent of mediastinal lymphadenectomy during esophagectomy is clearly different between two representative countries of the Eastern and Western world, such as Japan and the Netherlands. In Japan, a clear policy is the standard complete two‐ or three‐field type of lymphadenectomy whereas, in the Netherlands, a limited form is usually carried out. Reasons for these differences can be found in the different types of tumor, 80% of adenocarcinomas in the West and almost 95% of squamous cell cancer in Japan. Moreover, location of the tumors, distally located in the Netherlands whereas, in Japan, the majority are located in the middle and proximal thoracic esophagus. Also, type of neoadjuvant therapy, namely chemoradiotherapy in the Netherlands, and chemotherapy in Japan, are different. Arguments for more extended mediastinal lymphadenectomy are currently challenged in the West, first by the systematic use of chemoradiotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy and, second, the retrospective analysis of large data. According to two studies, the importance of extended lymphadenectomy is shown to be relative and less clear, especially in esophageal adenocarcinomas after neoadjuvant therapy. International efforts such as the TIGER study will help to standardize and find a relationship between the type and location of esophageal cancer, use of neoadjuvant therapy, extent of lymphadenectomy and survival.
Incidence and predictive factors for additional opioid prescription after endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Jafari Aria , Shen Sarek A. , Bracken David J. , Pang John , DeConde Adam S. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundExcessive postoperative opioid prescription is a source of prescription diversion in the United States opioid crisis and may contribute to chronic opioid use. Efficient prescription by the surgeon can mitigate opioid abuse and improve postoperative pain control. In this study we sought to better characterize the incidence and predictive baseline characteristics associated with the need for additional opioid prescription after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis.MethodsA retrospective review was performed on subjects undergoing ambulatory ESS between November 2016 and August 2017. The medical and Controlled Substance Utilization Review and Evaluation System (CURES) records were reviewed. Uni‐ and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to evaluate factors associated with additional opioid prescription within 60 days of surgery.ResultsA total of 121 patients were included. Additional prescriptions were seen in 22 patients (18%). Surgical factors, including sinuses operated, septoplasty, revision, or extended procedure (Draf IIB/III), were not associated with additional prescription. On multivariate logistic regression, preoperative opioid use (odds ratio [OR], 23.45; 95% CI, 1.52‐362.63), greater number of prescribed tablets (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.26), and lower preoperative health status (ASA score) (OR, 11.21; 95% CI, 1.49‐84.30) were associated with additional prescription (p < 0.05).ConclusionA need for extension of postoperative opioid pain control is not uncommon after ESS. Patient baseline clinical characteristics are predictive of a need for re‐prescription of opioids. Surgical extent is not associated with need for prolonged postoperative opioid pain management.
Bromination Improves the Electron Mobility of Tetraazapentacene
Authors: Reiss Hilmar , Ji Lei , Han Jie , Koser Silke , Tverskoy Olena , Freudenberg Jan , Hinkel Felix , Moos Michael , Friedrich Alexandra , Krummenacher Ivo , Lambert Christoph , Braunschweig Holger , Dreuw Andreas , Marder Todd B. , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA cyclocondensation of TIPS‐ethynyl‐substituted diaminoarenes with in situ obtained 4,5‐dibromocyclohexa‐3,5‐diene‐1,2‐dione has led to the synthesis of tetrabromotetraazapentacene (BrTAP). BrTAP is easily reduced to its air‐stable radical anion and electron mobilities >0.56 cm2 V−1 s−1 can be achieved in thin‐film transistors.
Guideline Implementation: Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Link Terri 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious and costly complication of surgery. Many cases of health care–associated VTE could be prevented with the use of evidenced‐based interventions. Perioperative nurses are in a position to advocate for patients by assessing each patient’s risk for VTE and implementing preventive measures, such as administering anticoagulants as ordered and correctly applying graduated compression stockings and intermittent pneumatic compression devices. The updated AORN “Guideline for prevention of venous thromboembolism” provides guidance to perioperative team members for developing and implementing a protocol for VTE prevention. This article focuses on key points of the guideline that address preoperative patient assessment for VTE and bleeding risk, safe use of pharmacologic and mechanical prophylaxis, patient education on prevention and signs and symptoms of VTE, and a quality management program to evaluate VTE prophylaxis outcomes and protocol compliance. Perioperative nurses should review the complete guideline for additional information and for guidance when writing and updating policies and procedures.
Synergism in Perioperative Services
Authors: Elliott‐Dawe Cheryl 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article presents an analysis of the concept of synergism in perioperative services. Perioperative services can account for a hospital's highest expenditures and net income or loss, and leaders must understand how to maximize outcomes by creating value above expectations. Using Walker and Avant's methodology, I examined the use of synergism in the literature across multiple databases. The concept has been used in business, information technology, psychology, engineering, and theology. In health care, it is used to explain the effects of combined medications, teamwork, biological systems, patient care, cleaning effectiveness, and health promotion partnerships. I identified two attributes: an emergent property and increased positivity. Optimized outcomes, increased patient and employee satisfaction, and high net revenue are evidence of perioperative synergism. Synergism in this context is dependent on team cohesion, communication, workplace adaptability, and the tactical allocation of resources to ensure unimpeded flow of the patient through the system.
Ecological influences of human population size and distance to urban centres on fish communities in tropical lakes
Authors: Keppeler Friedrich Wolfgang , de Souza Angela Castro , Hallwass Gustavo , Begossi Alpina , de Almeida Morgana Carvalho , Isaac Victoria Judith , Silvano Renato Azevedo Matias 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Human population growth is a major cause of species extinction worldwide, and tropical fresh waters are among the most imperilled ecosystems. The identification of major drivers of human impacts on fish can benefit conservation programmes and management plans.
The influences of the proximity to urban centres and human population size on six ecological indicators of fish communities (abundance, biomass, richness, diversity, average size, and size dominance pattern) were investigated in 48 floodplain lakes of five main rivers of the Brazilian Amazon (Tocantins, Tapajós, Negro, Solimões, and the Lower Amazon). These ecological indicators were also compared among the rivers studied and checked for any influence of the environmental variables of lakes (size, shape of natural shoreline, distance to the main river channel, depth, transparency, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen).
Lake distance to urban centre was positively related to average fish size and dominance of large fish, indicating direct human effects caused by fisheries or indirect effects by habitat alteration (e.g. deforestation). Unexpected positive relationships between human population size and the richness and diversity of fishes were found, and may be caused by ecological compensatory effects, the abundance of rare non‐fished species, or the proximity of an urban centre to ecotone areas. The other ecological indicators were unrelated to anthropogenic variables. Environmental factors affected fish communities, but did not change the conclusions regarding the effect of the anthropogenic variables. River basin was strongly related to species richness, diversity, biomass, and abundance of fish. Distance to the river channel was positively related to fish biomass.
The disappearance of large fish threatens the food security of riverine communities, and may harm essential ecosystem services. Conservation measures, including local management initiatives, protected areas, fisheries monitoring, and the enforcement of existing fishing rules need to be improved or established near urban centres in order to restore healthy fish communities in the Brazilian Amazon.
Genetic structure of Irish freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera and Margaritifera durrovensis): Validity of subspecies, roles of host fish, and conservation implications
Authors: Geist Juergen , Moorkens Evelyn , Killeen Ian , Feind Sarah , Stoeckle Bernhard C. , Connor Áine O. , Kuehn Ralph 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

European freshwater pearl mussels are among the most critically threatened bivalve molluscs. Margaritifera margaritifera and Margaritifera durrovensis are endangered, and both occur in Ireland and are currently listed separately in Annex II of the European Habitats Directive. This study had the objective of guiding the conservation of freshwater pearl mussels in Ireland based on a genetic characterization of the most important Irish populations of both species using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analyses.
Margaritifera durrovensis from the Nore was found to have the highest genetic divergence from all the populations studied; however, there was substantial relatedness between the genetic constitution of the Nore and of central–eastern M. margaritifera populations, placing the Nore pearl mussel within the M. margaritifera taxon (Habitats Directive species code 1029). Two main conservation units of pearl mussel were identified: a mostly salmon‐dependent western cluster and a trout‐dependent central–eastern cluster.
The genetic diversity of western Irish freshwater pearl mussels, as expressed by allelic richness and observed heterozygosity, was greater by a factor of two than in central European and central–eastern Irish populations, suggesting a genetic diversity hot spot and low effects of genetic drift and selection. The trout‐dependent central and eastern populations had much lower genetic variability, but had the greatest differentiation and uniqueness.
Conservation of freshwater pearl mussels in Ireland should recognize the existence of a minimum of two conservation units (western and central–eastern) that differ in their use of host fish and in geographic isolation. Low levels of genetic drift and inbreeding in western populations should be secured by sustaining optimal habitat conditions favourable for the recruitment of mussels and their migratory salmonid hosts. The small population sizes of central–eastern populations and problems with recruitment require urgent action, e.g. by captive breeding and augmentation, to prevent any further erosion of their genetic variability.