bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter‐observer variation in image interpretation and the prognostic importance of non‐expansile lung in malignant pleural effusion
Authors: Martin Geoffrey A. , Kidd Andrew C. , Tsim Selina , Halford Paul , Bibby Anna , Maskell Nick A. , Blyth Kevin G. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveNon‐expansile lung (NEL) frequently complicates management of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and is an important factor in clinical practice and trials. NEL is frequently diagnosed on a single radiographic observation, but neither the inter‐observer agreement of this approach nor the prognostic importance of NEL in MPE has been reported.MethodsA multicentre retrospective cohort study was performed in two UK pleural centres. NEL was defined as <50% pleural re‐apposition on post‐drainage radiographs by primary and secondary assessors at each site. Inter‐observer agreement was assessed by Cohen's kappa (κ). Kaplan–Meier methodology and multivariate Cox models were used to assess the prognostic impact of NEL versus no NEL and ‘complete NEL’ versus ‘complete expansion’, based on a single assessor's results from each site.ResultsNEL was identified by the primary assessor in 33 of 97 (34%) in Cohort 1 and 15 of 86 (17%) in Cohort 2. Inter‐observer agreement between assessors was only fair‐to‐moderate (Cohort 1 κ: 0.38 (95% CI: 0.21–0.55), Cohort 2 κ: 0.51 (95% CI: 0.30–0.72)). In both cohorts, NEL was associated with shorter median overall survival (Cohort 1: 188 vs 371 days, Cohort 2: 192 vs 412 days). This prognostic association was independent in Cohort 1 (hazard ratio (HR): 2.19, 95% CI: 1.31–3.66) but not in Cohort 2 (HR: 1.42, 95% CI: 0.71–2.87). Survival was inferior in both cohorts in cases of complete NEL versus complete expansion.ConclusionRadiographic NEL is common but inter‐observer agreement is only fair‐to‐moderate. NEL is associated with adverse survival. These data do not support the use of single radiographic assessments to classify NEL.
Conservative and endodontic treatment performed under general anesthesia: A discussion of protocols and outcomes
Authors: Linas Natacha , Faulks Denise , Hennequin Martine , Cousson Pierre‐Yves 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsThis work discusses the procedures and outcomes of restorative and endodontic treatments performed under general anesthesia, with examples from the Unit of Special Care Dentistry at the University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand.Methods and resultsThe restorative and endodontic treatment techniques used in the Special Care Unit are described. These techniques are compared to existing reports in the literature of treatment procedures under general anesthesia. Little evidence was found in the literature regarding sealants or restorative protocols. A few studies described root canal treatment and pulpotomy protocols carried out under general anesthesia, and the results of these met academic outcome standards.ConclusionPatients with equal needs should have equal access, equal quality of treatment and equal treatment outcomes, regardless of whether a facilitatory procedure is used to achieve treatment. The provision of restorative treatment under general anesthesia is essential to avoid an excessive number of extractions in patients unable to receive treatment in the chair. Restorative care provided under general anesthesia should be standardized and evaluated in the same way as treatment performed under local anesthesia. In this way, the provision of conservative dental care under general anesthesia could be promoted and the maintenance of a functional dentition encouraged.
Construction and comparison of three reference‐quality genome assemblies for soybean
Authors: Valliyodan Babu , Cannon Steven B. , Bayer Philipp E. , Shu Shengqiang , Brown Anne V. , Ren Longhui , Jenkins Jerry , Chung Claire Y.‐L. , Chan Ting‐Fung , Daum Christopher G. , Plott Christopher , Hastie Alex , Baruch Kobi , Barry Kerrie W. , Huang Wei , Patil Gunvant , Varshney Rajeev K. , Hu Haifei , Batley Jacqueline , Yuan Yuxuan , Song Qijian , Stupar Robert M. , Goodstein David M. , Stacey Gary , Lam Hon‐Ming , Jackson Scott A. , Schmutz Jeremy , Grimwood Jane , Edwards David , Nguyen Henry T. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryWe report reference‐quality genome assemblies and annotations for two accessions of soybean (Glycine max) and for one accession of Glycine soja, the closest wild relative of G. max. The G. max assemblies provided are for widely used US cultivars: the northern line Williams 82 (Wm82) and the southern line Lee. The Wm82 assembly improves the prior published assembly, and the Lee and G. soja assemblies are new for these accessions. Comparisons among the three accessions show generally high structural conservation, but nucleotide difference of 1.7 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) per kb between Wm82 and Lee, and 4.7 snps per kb between these lines and G. soja. snp distributions and comparisons with genotypes of the Lee and Wm82 parents highlight patterns of introgression and haplotype structure. Comparisons against the US germplasm collection show placement of the sequenced accessions relative to global soybean diversity. Analysis of a pan‐gene collection shows generally high conservation, with variation occurring primarily in genomically clustered gene families. We found approximately 40–42 inversions per chromosome between either Lee or Wm82v4 and G. soja, and approximately 32 inversions per chromosome between Wm82 and Lee. We also investigated five domestication loci. For each locus, we found two different alleles with functional differences between G. soja and the two domesticated accessions. The genome assemblies for multiple cultivated accessions and for the closest wild ancestor of soybean provides a valuable set of resources for identifying causal variants that underlie traits for the domestication and improvement of soybean, serving as a basis for future research and crop improvement efforts for this important crop species.
A global compass for the great divergence: Emissions versus production centres of gravity 1820–2008
Authors: Sauter Caspar , Grether Jean‐Marie , Mathys Nicole A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe construct the world's centres of gravity for human population, GDP and CO2emissions by taking the best out of five recognised data sources covering the last two centuries. On the basis of a novel distortion‐free representation of these centres of gravity, we find a radical Western shift of GDP and CO2emission centres in the nineteenth century, in sharp contrast with the stability of the demographic centre of gravity. Both GDP and emissions trends are reversed in the first half of the twentieth century, after World War I for CO2emissions, after World War II for GDP. Since then, both centres are moving eastward at an accelerating speed. These patterns are perfectly consistent with the lead of Western countries starting the industrial revolution, the gradual replacement of coal by oil and gas as alternative sources of energy and the progressive catch‐up of Asian countries in the recent past.
Long‐term clinical and radiographic results after lag screw ostheosynthesis of short incomplete proximal sagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx in horses not used for racing
Authors: Bryner Marco F. , Hoey Seamus E. , Montavon Stéphane , Fürst Anton E. , Kümmerle Jan M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine long term outcomes of nonracing equines athletes treated for short incomplete proximal sagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx (SIPSFP1) by lag screw fixation.Study designRetrospective study.Sample populationThirty‐one horses.MethodsMedical records from horses with an SIPSFP1 (2008‐2014) were reviewed. Long‐term (≥12 months) outcomes were assessed with telephone interviews and clinical and radiographic examinations.ResultsWarmblood was the predominant breed in cases included in the study. Among horses with long‐term interview information, 27 of 31 returned to previous athletic activity level. In total, 15 horses with 19 fractures had clinical and radiographic assessment after a minimum of 12 months. Among those, nine of 15 horses were sound at the trot, and six of 15 were mildly lame. Complete radiographic healing was confirmed in six limbs, and the facture line was evident in 13. The position of the proximal screw was not associated with radiographic fracture healing or return to soundness.ConclusionMost horses treated for SIPSFP1 with lag screw fixation returned to previous activity levels, although radiographic fracture healing remained incomplete 12 months or more after surgery.Clinical significanceLag screw fixation is a valid treatment for horses not used for racing that are experiencing an SIPSFP1 and results in a high rate of return to intended use, although complete radiographic fracture healing cannot be expected.
Pain, swelling and irritability in the sun: what is the diagnosis?
Authors: McGlacken-Byrne Sinead Mary , Dann Lisa , Murphy Annette , Moylett Edina 
Published: August 2019

A 7-year-old boy presented with a 24-hour history of severe burning pain affecting both hands that had started within minutes of playing outdoors. His mother reported that he had been running his hands under cold water and shaking his hands and head to try and relieve the pain. On examination, there was swelling of his hands, eyelids and cheeks. His parents mentioned that his hands and face had ‘swollen in the sun’ every summer from the age of 2 years.A 3-year-old girl presented with a 2-day history of left upper limb swelling following a day of prolonged sun exposure. Examination revealed non-pitting oedema extending from her left shoulder to hand with no associated tenderness, erythema or rash. Her mother reported six previous episodes of irritability following sun exposure during which she would cry and flap her hands ‘for hours’.Oral steroids and antihistamines were prescribed in both cases with little effect. Findings of routine baseline investigations were normal in both cases. A radiograph of the upper limb in the second patient disclosed nothing abnormal.QuestionsWhat is the most likely diagnosis for both patients?Venomous insect bites/stingsErythropoietic protoporphyriaIgE-mediated reactionMixed connective tissue diseaseComplement deficiencyWhich investigative approach will be most helpful?Complement function evaluationPhysical urticarial evaluationPorphyria work-upAutoantibody screenImmunodeficiency work-upHow would you manage these patients?Answers can be found on page 02.
Prevalence and associations of behavioural risk factors with blood lipids profile in Lebanese adults: findings from WHO STEPwise NCD cross-sectional survey
Authors: Mansour Magali , Tamim Hani , Nasreddine Lara , El Khoury Christelle , Hwalla Nahla , Chaaya Monique , Farhat Antoine , Sibai Abla M 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo examine associations of behavioural risk factors, namely cigarette smoking, physical activity, dietary intakes and alcohol consumption, with blood lipids profile.Design and participantsData drawn from a cross-sectional study involving participants aged 18 years and over (n=363) from the nationwide WHO STEPwise Nutrition and Non-communicable Disease Risk Factor survey in Lebanon.MeasuresDemographic characteristics, behaviours and medical history were obtained from participants by questionnaire. Dietary assessment was performed using a 61-item Culture-Specific Food Frequency Questionnaire that measured food intake over the past year. Lipid levels were measured by the analysis of fasting blood samples (serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)).ResultsCurrent cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and low physical activity were prevalent among 33.3%, 39.7% and 41.6% of the sample, respectively. The contributions of fat and saturated fat to daily energy intake were high, estimated at 36.5% and 11.4%, respectively. Abnormal levels of TC, TG, VLDL, LDL-C and HDL-C were observed for 55.4%, 31.4%, 29.2%, 47.5% and 21.8% of participants, respectively. Adjusting for potential confounders, cigarette smoking was positively associated with higher odds of TG and VLDL (OR=4.27; 95% CI 1.69 to 10.77; and 3.26; 95% CI 1.33 to 8.03, respectively) with a significant dose–response relationship (p value for trend=0.010 and 0.030, respectively). Alcohol drinking and high saturated fat intake (≥10% energy intake) were associated with higher odds of LDL-C (OR=1.68; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.82 and OR= 1.73; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.93). Physical activity did not associate significantly with any blood lipid parameter.ConclusionThe demonstrated positive associations between smoking, alcohol drinking and high saturated fat intake with adverse lipoprotein levels lay further evidence for clinical practitioners, public health professionals and dietitians in the development of preventive strategies among subjects with a high risk of cardiovascular diseases in Lebanon and other neighbouring countries with similar epidemiological profile.
Impact of depression on clinical outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Wen Yi , Nan Nan , Song Xian Tao , Tian Jin Fan , Yang Xue Yao 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesThe objective of this meta-analysis was to assess whether depression in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients is associated with higher risk of adverse outcomes.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsEMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched as data sources. We selected prospective cohort studies evaluating the relationship between depression and any adverse medical outcome, including all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality and non-fatal events, from inception to 28 February 2019. Two reviewers independently extracted information and calculated the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with preoperative or postoperative depression compared with non-depressed patients.ResultsEight studies (n=3297) met our inclusion criteria. Most studies found a positive association between depression and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Meta-analysis yielded an aggregate risk ratio of 1.57 (95% CI 1.28 to 1.92, p<0.0001) for the magnitude of the relation between depression and adverse outcomes.ConclusionsOur systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that depression is associated with an increased risk of worse clinical outcome or mortality in patients undergoing PCI. Assessment time and length of follow-up do not have a significant effect on this conclusion.
Antibiotic knowledge, attitudes and practices: new insights from cross-sectional rural health behaviour surveys in low-income and middle-income South-East Asia
Authors: Haenssgen Marco J , Charoenboon Nutcha , Zanello Giacomo , Mayxay Mayfong , Reed-Tsochas Felix , Lubell Yoel , Wertheim Heiman , Lienert Jeffrey , Xayavong Thipphaphone , Khine Zaw Yuzana , Thepkhamkong Amphayvone , Sithongdeng Nicksan , Khamsoukthavong Nid , Phanthavong Chanthasone , Boualaiseng Somsanith , Vongsavang Souksakhone , Wibunjak Kanokporn , Chai-in Poowadon , Thavethanutthanawin Patthanan , Althaus Thomas , Greer Rachel Claire , Nedsuwan Supalert , Wangrangsimakul Tri , Limmathurotsakul Direk , Elliott Elizabeth , Ariana Proochista 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionLow-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are crucial in the global response to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), but diverse health systems, healthcare practices and cultural conceptions of medicine can complicate global education and awareness-raising campaigns. Social research can help understand LMIC contexts but remains under-represented in AMR research.ObjectiveTo (1) Describe antibiotic-related knowledge, attitudes and practices of the general population in two LMICs. (2) Assess the role of antibiotic-related knowledge and attitudes on antibiotic access from different types of healthcare providers.DesignObservational study: cross-sectional rural health behaviour survey, representative of the population level.SettingGeneral rural population in Chiang Rai (Thailand) and Salavan (Lao PDR), surveyed between November 2017 and May 2018.Participants2141 adult members (≥18 years) of the general rural population, representing 712 000 villagers.Outcome measuresAntibiotic-related knowledge, attitudes and practices across sites and healthcare access channels.FindingsVillagers were aware of antibiotics (Chiang Rai: 95.7%; Salavan: 86.4%; p<0.001) and drug resistance (Chiang Rai: 74.8%; Salavan: 62.5%; p<0.001), but the usage of technical concepts for antibiotics was dwarfed by local expressions like ‘anti-inflammatory medicine’ in Chiang Rai (87.6%; 95% CI 84.9% to 90.0%) and‘ampi’in Salavan (75.6%; 95% CI 71.4% to 79.4%). Multivariate linear regression suggested that attitudes against over-the-counter antibiotics were linked to 0.12 additional antibiotic use episodes from public healthcare providers in Chiang Rai (95% CI 0.01 to 0.23) and 0.53 in Salavan (95% CI 0.16 to 0.90).ConclusionsLocally specific conceptions and counterintuitive practices around antimicrobials can complicate AMR communication efforts and entail unforeseen consequences. Overcoming ‘knowledge deficits’ alone will therefore be insufficient for global AMR behaviour change. We call for an expansion of behavioural AMR strategies towards ‘AMR-sensitive interventions’ that address context-specific upstream drivers of antimicrobial use (eg, unemployment insurance) and complement education and awareness campaigns.Trial registration numberClinicaltrials.gov identifierNCT03241316.
Protocol of a prospective, monocentric phase I/II feasibility study investigating the safety of multimodality treatment with a combination of intraoperative chemotherapy and surgical resection in locally confined or borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: the combiCaRe study
Authors: Roth Susanne , Springfeld Christoph , Diener Markus K , Tjaden Christine , Knebel Phillip , Klaiber Ulla , Michalski Christoph W , Mieth Markus , Jäger Dirk , Büchler Markus W , Hackert Thilo 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionPancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with an exceptionally poor prognosis. Complete resection of the primary tumour followed by adjuvant chemotherapy is the current standard treatment for patients with resectable disease and the only curative treatment option. However, long-term survival remains rare. Tumour cell dissemination due to manipulation during surgery may increase the rate of future metastases and local recurrence, and perioperative chemotherapy might diminish local, distant and circulating minimal residual disease. Yet, safety and feasibility of systemic chemotherapeutic treatments during pancreatic cancer resection have to be evaluated in a first instance.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, single-centre phase I/II feasibility study to investigate the safety and tolerability of a combination of intraoperative chemotherapy and surgical resection in pancreatic cancer. Forty patients with locally confined or borderline resectable pancreatic cancer, meeting all proposed criteria will be included. Participants will receive 400 mg/m2calcium folinate over 2 hours and 2000 mg/m25-fluorouracil over 48 hours, started on the day before pancreatic surgery and thus continuing during surgery. Participants will be followed until 60 days after surgery. The primary endpoint is the 30-day overall complication rate according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Secondary endpoints comprise toxicity and treatment associated complications. Patients receiving perioperative chemotherapy will be compared with a propensity score matched contemporary control group of 70 patients with pancreatic cancer receiving the standard treatment. This trial also contains an ancillary translational study to analyse disseminated tumour cells and effects of pharmacological interventions in pancreatic cancer.Ethics and disseminationCombiCaRe has been approved by the German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (reference number 4042787) and the Medical Ethics Committee of Heidelberg University (reference number AFmo-269/2018). The results of this trial will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00015766).
Family satisfaction with critical care in the UK: a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Ferrando Paloma , Gould Doug W , Walmsley Emma , Richards-Belle Alvin , Canter Ruth , Saunders Steven , Harrison David A , Harvey Sheila , Heyland Daren K , Hinton Lisa , McColl Elaine , Richardson Annette , Richardson Michael , Wright Stephen E , Rowan Kathryn M 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo assess family satisfaction with intensive care units (ICUs) in the UK using the Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit 24-item (FS-ICU-24) questionnaire, and to investigate how characteristics of patients and their family members impact on family satisfaction.DesignProspective cohort study nested within a national clinical audit database.SettingStratified, random sample of 20 adult general ICUs participating in the Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre Case Mix Programme.ParticipantsFamily members of patients staying at least 24 hours in ICU were recruited between May 2013 and June 2014.InterventionsConsenting family members were sent a postal questionnaire 3 weeks after the patient died or was discharged from ICU. Up to four family members were recruited per patient.Main outcome measuresFamily satisfaction was measured using the FS-ICU-24 questionnaire.Main resultsA total of 12 346 family members of 6380 patients were recruited and 7173 (58%) family members of 4615 patients returned a completed questionnaire. Overall and domain-specific family satisfaction scores were high (mean overall family satisfaction 80, satisfaction with care 83, satisfaction with information 76 and satisfaction with decision-making 73 out of 100) but varied significantly across adult general ICUs studied and by whether the patient survived ICU. For family members of ICU survivors, characteristics of both the family member (age, ethnicity, relationship to patient (next-of-kin and/or lived with patient) and visit frequency) and the patient (acute severity of illness and receipt of invasive mechanical ventilation) were significant determinants of family satisfaction, whereas, for family members of ICU non-survivors, only patient characteristics (age, acute severity of illness and duration of stay) were significant.ConclusionsOverall family satisfaction in UK adult general ICUs was high but varied significantly. Adjustment for differences in family member/patient characteristics is important to avoid falsely identifying ICUs as statistical outliers.Trial registration numberISRCTN47363549