bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote Sensing for Disaster Projection Model
Authors: Sutrisno D , Iksal M , Suwarno Y , Setiawan I , Yusmur A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Natural disasters are natural phenomena that cannot be avoided by humans, but human beings are able to mitigate its impact for the humanitarian aspects. Therefore monitoring, predicting and managing natural phenomenon in the earth is one of the methods to mitigate disaster - one of them by using remote sensing technology. Integrated of imageries from near real-time remote sensing satellite system to the higher resolution with the support of the ancillary data may develop spatial information for any mitigation purposes. Therefore, the aim of the study is to assess rapid information of the prone area and the possibility of developing a projection model with the remote sensing approach. The steps included the assessment of prone area by implemented the integrated method of NDVI, fussy and high pass and the overview of the projection model using remote sensing approach. The disasters associated with landslides may be used for example, because this disaster often struck the Asian region. The result of the assessment indicated the integration of NDVI, fussy and high pass method can give faster information of the landslides hazards that is needed for disaster and humanitarian institutions. Meanwhile, to develop a projection model for the hazards cannot be developed only on remote sensing technique, but better support by GIS technique and other in situ ancillary information.
Design and Development of Settlement Spatial Dynamics Model Using Dynamic and Neural Network Systems
Authors: Arif S , Harimei B , Alimuddin I , Paharuddin  , Sakka  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The general objective of this study is to project the distribution of settlement land through the development and application of spatial dynamics models using dynamic system methods and neural networks, while the specific objectives are: 1) Compiling spatial data on land characteristics and evaluating settlement land in Maros Regency; 2) Multitemporal mapping of settlement and non-residential land in 2010, 2016 and 2017; 3) Compile Causal loop diagrams and model simulations to determine the dynamics of population projections and the size of residential land needs until 2038; 4) Synchronizing land requirements with the allocation of space utilization in Maros Regency Spatial Planning. 5) Design and build a spatial model to predict the development and direction of settlement land using change prediction of Artificial Neural Network (ANN); and map the projected spatial distribution model of residential land every 5 (five) years. This research conducted a recent approach to multi-temporal observation and spatial optimization studies by integrating dynamic systems with neural network methods in solving settlement land management problems. The approach with the population growth projection model relates to the spatial dynamics of residential land use using the neural network to facilitate policy makers in decision making for settlement land management. The method used consists of 5 stages: stage I. analysis of land characteristics and land use of multi-temporal settlements, through land surveys, laboratory analysis, and spatial characteristics of land; then the land suitability analysis uses matching method; Phase II: mapping multi-temporal land use in 2010, 2016 and 2017 using analysis and extraction of satellite image information. The image used is Landsat medium resolution satellite imagery; stage III: arranging units and interactions and behaviour between units in a system of population growth dynamics, then making causal loop diagrams and then implementing dynamic software systems to simulate population growth used and residential land needs every five years; stage IV: testing the synchronization of the allocation of space utilization in the Spatial Palnning document of the District with the settlement land resulting from the projection; stage V: build a residential land use projection model which begins with change analysis, transition potential, and change prediction with the neural network method; then the projection result of settlement land needs is mapped every five years interval from 2018 - 2038 based on the results of the analysis. The implication of the results of the study will provide an overview of the harmony between the pattern of space and the trend of the development direction of the settlement, so that the resulting method can be used as a basis for revising the Spatial Planning in the future.
Aqua MODIS and altimetry satellite data utilization for determining the effective time and area of fishing in South Sulawesi
Authors: Islami M F , Rejeki H A , Fadlan A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
South Sulawesi is one of the provinces in Indonesia which geographically is a marine-based area with huge potential of marine resources. In sea resources exploration activities are often found obstacles caused by the variability of weather and climate that affect the condition of South Sulawesi waters. Limited availability of weather data in the waters of South Sulawesi Province has caused difficulties in analyzing and identifying conditions in these waters. The use of the MODIS Aqua satellite and Altimetry can be used as a solution in the analysis and identification of water conditions. Aqua MODIS satellite data used in this study is the sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a data while the Altimetry satellite data used is significant wave height data. In addition, Niño 3.4 Index are used as supporting data to identify the weather and climate phenomena that occur in the waters of South Sulawesi in this case are El Niño and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena. SST and chlorophyll-a data are used as indicators in determining fish catch potential and significant wave height data are used to determine the effective time in fishing activities in the waters of South Sulawesi Province. The results showed that a significant wave peak height in the waters of South Sulawesi occurred in July. The highest chlorophyll-a average occurred in August when the average SST showed the lowest value or when the El Niño event occurred.
All swamping, no problem
Authors: Bjelde Joseph 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe swamping problem is to explain why knowledge is epistemically better than true belief despite being no more true, if truth is the sole fundamental epistemic value. But Carter and Jarvis (2012) argue that the swamping thesis at the heart of the problem ‘is problematic whether or not one thinks that truth is the sole epistemic good’. I offer a counterexample to this claim, in the form of a theory of epistemic value for which the swamping thesis is not problematic: evidence monism. Then I argue that another kind of response to the swamping problem given by Sylvan 2018 does not escape the problem unscathed, because it is not only instrumentalism that gives rise to the swamping problem. The upshot is that, given a standard account of fundamental value, the swamping problem favours evidence monism over truth monism.
Maternal inflammation leads to different mTORC1 activity varied by anatomic locations in mouse placenta†
Authors: Dong Jie , Shin Na , Lee Ji Yeon , Jia Bei , Chudnovets Anna , McLane Michael W , Li Su , Na Quan , Lei Jun , Burd Irina 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Maternal inflammation (MI) is associated with many adverse perinatal outcomes. The placenta plays a vital role in mediating maternal-fetal resource allocation. Studies have shown that MI contributes to placental dysfunction, which then leads to adverse birth outcomes and high health risks throughout childhood. Placental mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway links maternal nutrient availability to fetal growth; however, the impact of MI on mTORC1 signaling in the placenta remains unclear. In this study, we sought to explore the changes of mTORC1 signaling in the mouse placenta at late gestation by using two models of MI employing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) to mimic acute (aMI) and sub-chronic (cMI) inflammatory states, respectively. We determined placental mTORC1 activity by measuring the activity of mTORC1 downstream molecules, including S6k, 4Ebp1, and rpS6. In the aMI model, we found that mTORC1 activity was significantly decreased in the placental decidual and junctional zone at 2 and 6 h after LPS surgery, respectively; however, mTORC1 activity was significantly increased in the placental labyrinth zone at 2, 6, and 24 h after LPS treatment, respectively. In the cMI model, we observed that mTORC1 activity was increased only in the placental labyrinth zone after consecutive IL-1β exposure. Our study reveals that different parts of the mouse placenta react differently to MI, leading to variable mTORC1 activity throughout the placenta. This suggests that different downstream molecules of mTORC1 from different parts of the mouse placenta may be used in clinical research to monitor the fetal well-being during MI.
Focused Representation of Successive Task Episodes in Frontal and Parietal Cortex
Authors: Kadohisa Mikiko , Watanabe Kei , Kusunoki Makoto , Buckley Mark J , Duncan John 
Published: August 2019

AbstractComplex cognition is dynamic, with each stage of a task requiring new cognitive processes appropriately linked to stimulus or other content. To investigate control over successive task stages, we recorded neural activity in lateral frontal and parietal cortex as monkeys carried out a complex object selection task, with each trial separated into phases of visual selection and learning from feedback. To study capacity limitation, complexity was manipulated by varying the number of object targets to be learned in each problem. Different task phases were associated with quasi-independent patterns of activity and information coding, with no suggestion of sustained activity linked to a current target. Object and location coding were largely parallel in frontal and inferior parietal cortex, though frontal cortex showed somewhat stronger object representation at feedback, and more sustained location coding at choice. At both feedback and choice, coding precision diminished as task complexity increased, matching a decline in performance. We suggest that, across successive task steps, there is radical but capacity-limited reorganization of frontoparietal activity, selecting different cognitive operations linked to their current targets.
Quantity and Quality of Antibodies After Acellular Versus Whole-cell Pertussis Vaccines in Infants Born to Mothers Who Received Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine During Pregnancy: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Wanlapakorn Nasamon , Maertens Kirsten , Vongpunsawad Sompong , Puenpa Jiratchaya , Tran Thao Mai Phuong , Hens Niel , Van Damme Pierre , Thiriard Anaïs , Raze Dominique , Locht Camille , Poovorawan Yong , Leuridan Elke 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
The blunting effect of pertussis immunization during pregnancy on infant antibody responses induced by whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccination is not well-defined.

Methods
This randomized controlled trial (NCT02408926) followed term infants born to mothers vaccinated with tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine during pregnancy in Thailand. Infants received either acellular pertussis (aP)- or wP-containing vaccine at 2, 4, 6, and 18 months of age. A comparison group comprised wP-vaccinated children born to mothers not vaccinated during pregnancy. Antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and pertactin (PRN) were evaluated using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Functionality of antibodies against Bordetella pertussis was measured using Bordetella pertussis growth inhibition assay.

Results
After maternal Tdap vaccination, 158 infants vaccinated with aP-containing vaccines possessed higher antibody levels (P &lt; .001) against all tested B. pertussis antigens postpriming compared to 157 infants receiving wP-containing vaccines. At 1 month postbooster, only anti-FHA and anti-PRN antibodies were still significantly higher (P &lt; .001) in the aP group. Significantly higher anti-PT and anti-FHA (P &lt; .001), but not anti-PRN immunoglobulin G, were observed among 69 wP-vaccinated infants born to control mothers compared with wP-vaccinated infants of Tdap-vaccinated mothers after primary and booster vaccination. The antibody functionality was higher in all wP-vaccinated infants at all times.

Conclusions
Maternal Tdap vaccination inhibited more pertussis-specific responses in wP-vaccinated infants compared to aP-vaccinated infants, and the control group of unvaccinated women had highest PT-specific responses, persisting until after the booster dose. Antibody functionality was better in the wP groups.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02408926.
Infant whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine responses are blunted after maternal Tdap vaccination. Pertussis antibody titers are higher in acellular pertussis (aP)– than wP-vaccinated infants of immunized mothers, yet quality of antibodies, measured as serum-mediated bacterial growth inhibition, is better after wP than aP vaccination.
miR-19a-3p containing exosomes improve function of ischaemic myocardium upon shock wave therapy
Authors: Gollmann-Tepeköylü Can , Pölzl Leo , Graber Michael , Hirsch Jakob , Nägele Felix , Lobenwein Daniela , Hess Michael W , Blumer Michael J , Kirchmair Elke , Zipperle Johannes , Hromada Carina , Mühleder Severin , Hackl Hubert , Hermann Martin , Al Khamisi Hemse , Förster Martin , Lichtenauer Michael , Mittermayr Rainer , Paulus Patrick , Fritsch Helga , Bonaros Nikolaos , Kirchmair Rudolf , Sluijter Joost P G , Davidson Sean , Grimm Michael , Holfeld Johannes 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Aims
As many current approaches for heart regeneration exert unfavourable side effects, the induction of endogenous repair mechanisms in ischaemic heart disease is of particular interest. Recently, exosomes carrying angiogenic miRNAs have been described to improve heart function. However, it remains challenging to stimulate specific release of reparative exosomes in ischaemic myocardium. In the present study, we sought to test the hypothesis that the physical stimulus of shock wave therapy (SWT) causes the release of exosomes. We aimed to substantiate the pro-angiogenic impact of the released factors, to identify the nature of their cargo, and to test their efficacy in vivo supporting regeneration and recovery after myocardial ischaemia.

Methods and results
Mechanical stimulation of ischaemic muscle via SWT caused extracellular vesicle (EV) release from endothelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. Characterization of EVs via electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry revealed specific exosome morphology and size with the presence of exosome markers CD9, CD81, and CD63. Exosomes exhibited angiogenic properties activating protein kinase b (Akt) and extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) resulting in enhanced endothelial tube formation and proliferation. A miRNA array and transcriptome analysis via next-generation sequencing were performed to specify exosome content. miR-19a-3p was identified as responsible cargo, antimir-19a-3p antagonized angiogenic exosome effects. Exosomes and target miRNA were injected intramyocardially in mice after left anterior descending artery ligation. Exosomes resulted in improved vascularization, decreased myocardial fibrosis, and increased left ventricular ejection fraction as shown by transthoracic echocardiography.

Conclusion
The mechanical stimulus of SWT causes release of angiogenic exosomes. miR-19a-3p is the vesicular cargo responsible for the observed effects. Released exosomes induce angiogenesis, decrease myocardial fibrosis, and improve left ventricular function after myocardial ischaemia. Exosome release via SWT could develop an innovative approach for the regeneration of ischaemic myocardium.
Relationship between hypoglycaemia, cardiovascular outcomes, and empagliflozin treatment in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME® trial
Authors: Fitchett David , Inzucchi Silvio E , Wanner Christoph , Mattheus Michaela , George Jyothis T , Vedin Ola , Zinman Bernard , Johansen Odd Erik 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Aims
Hypoglycaemia, in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. In EMPA-REG OUTCOME, the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor empagliflozin reduced the risk of CV death by 38% and heart failure hospitalization (HHF) by 35%, while decreasing glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) without increasing hypoglycaemia. We investigated CV outcomes in patients with hypoglycaemia during the trial and the impact of hypoglycaemia on the treatment effect of empagliflozin.

Methods and results
About 7020 patients with T2D (HbA1c 7–10%) were treated with empagliflozin 10 or 25 mg, or placebo and followed for median 3.1 years. The relationship between on-trial hypoglycaemia and CV outcomes, and effects of empagliflozin on outcomes by incident hypoglycaemia [HYPO-broad: symptomatic hypoglycaemia with plasma glucose (PG) ≤70 mg/dL, any hypoglycaemia with PG &lt;54 mg/dL, or severe hypoglycaemia, and HYPO-strict: hypoglycaemia with PG &lt;54 mg/dL, or severe hypoglycaemia] was investigated using adjusted Cox regression models with time-varying covariates for hypoglycaemia and interaction with treatment. HYPO-broad occurred in 28% in each group and HYPO-strict in 19%. In the placebo group, hypoglycaemia was associated with an increased risk of HHF for both HYPO-broad [hazard ratio (HR, 95% confidence interval, CI) 1.91 (1.25–2.93)] and HYPO-strict [1.72 (1.06–2.78)]. HYPO-broad (but not HYPO-strict) was associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) [HR 1.56 (1.06–2.29)]. Empagliflozin improved CV outcomes, regardless of occurrence of hypoglycaemia (P-for interactions &gt;0.05).

Conclusion
In this post hoc exploratory analysis, hypoglycaemia was associated with an increased risk of HHF and MI. Hypoglycaemia risk was not increased with empagliflozin and incident hypoglycaemia did not attenuate its cardio-protective effects.
Risk is in the eye of the assessor: comparing risk assessments of four non-native tree species in Germany
Authors: Bindewald Anja , Michiels Hans-Gerhard , Bauhus Jürgen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNon-native tree species (NNT) that pose risks to biodiversity are classified as ‘invasive’ in some European countries. However, country-specific risk assessment methods may lead to different results for the same NNT between countries of comparable growth conditions, raising doubts about the reliability of risk classifications. Here, we analysed six risk assessment tools used in Germany and adjacent countries for their practical applicability and consistency using four NNT (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh., Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb. ex Murray), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco and Quercus rubra L.) as case studies. Using these tools to classify risks for the same NNT and reference area (Germany) yielded inconsistent results for all NNT. The reasons for this were (1) differences in classification and weighting of criteria, (2) a lack of data to quantify invasion risks and (3) uncertainties related to assessment methodologies. Moreover, the tools fail to distinguish between risks posed by NNT in different sites. We suggest that instead the risks should be assessed for different ecosystem types by using site-specific inventory data covering the establishment, spread and potential impact of NNT. Our recommendations provide a foundation for developing a consistent, systematic Pan-European approach to assess invasiveness while addressing both risk and forest management aspects.
Modeling Relations between Compacted and Uncompacted Crown Ratio for the Northern United States
Authors: Westfall James A , Westfall Megan B E , Randolph KaDonna C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Tree crown ratio is useful in various applications such as prediction of tree mortality probabilities, growth potential, and fire behavior. Crown ratio is commonly assessed in two ways: (1) compacted crown ratio (CCR—lower branches visually moved upwards to fill missing foliage gaps) and (2) uncompacted crown ratio (UNCR—no missing foliage adjustment). The national forest inventory of the United States measures CCR on all trees, whereas only a subset of trees also are assessed for UNCR. Models for 27 species groups are presented to predict UNCR for the northern United States. The model formulation is consistent with those developed for other US regions while also accounting for the presence of repeated measurements and heterogeneous variance in a mixed-model framework. Ignoring random-effects parameters, the fit index values ranged from 0.43 to 0.78, and root mean squared error spanned 0.08–0.15; considerable improvements in both goodness-of-fit statistics were realized via inclusion of the random effects. Comparison of UNCR predictions with models developed for the southern United States exhibited close agreement, whereas comparisons with models used in Forest Vegetation Simulator variants indicated poor association. The models provide additional analytical flexibility for using the breadth of northern region data in applications where UNCR is the appropriate crown characteristic.
Relative moment tensors and deep Yakutat seismicity
Authors: Plourde Alexandre P , Bostock Michael G 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARYWe introduce a new relative moment tensor (MT) inversion method for clusters of nearby earthquakes. The method extends previous work by introducing constraints from S-waves that do not require modal decomposition and by employing principal component analysis to produce robust estimates of excitation. At each receiver, P and S waves from each event are independently aligned and decomposed into principal components. P-wave constraints on MTs are obtained from a ratio of coefficients corresponding to the first principal component, equivalent to a relative amplitude. For S waves we produce constraints on MTs involving three events, where one event is described as a linear combination of the other two, and coefficients are derived from the first two principal components. Nonlinear optimization is applied to efficiently find best-fitting tensile-earthquake and double-couple solutions for relative MT systems. Using synthetic data, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the P and S constraints both individually and in combination. We then apply the relative MT inversion to a set of 16 earthquakes from southern Alaska, at ∼125 km depth within the subducted Yakutat terrane. Most events are compatible with a stress tensor dominated by downdip tension, however, we observe several pairs of earthquakes with nearly antiparallel slip implying that the stress regime is heterogeneous and/or faults are extremely weak. The location of these events near the abrupt downdip termination of seismicity and the low-velocity zone suggest that they are caused by weakening via grain-size and volume reduction associated with eclogitization of the lower crustal gabbro layer.