bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roll Me a Great Stone: A Brief Historiography of Megalithic Construction and the Genesis of the Roller Hypothesis
Authors: Harris Barney 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe idea that prehistoric, megalith‐building communities used cylindrical, wooden rollers to transport enormous stones – the ‘roller hypothesis’ – is ubiquitous within archaeological literature and public discourse on megalithic architecture. The likelihood that such devices were actually used to transport megaliths during prehistory remains highly questionable, yet the roller hypothesis has now dominated discussions of the subject for some 400 years. At its heart lies the assertion that fewer people were needed to transport large stones with rollers than without them. A review of experimental and ethnographic studies of megalith transport casts doubt on this central claim and suggests that simpler, better‐attested and more reliable methods were probably used. So when and why did the roller hypothesis become so popular? The historiography of the idea reveals how its advocates succeeded in rationalizing it within wider, paradigmatic beliefs about their contemporary worlds and the deep past. The roller hypothesis is bound up in outmoded, even jingoistic perspectives of megalithic construction and the evolution of technology. To advance our understanding of megalithic construction a more critical stance is herein advocated.
Nasolabial cyst: a case report
Authors: Zografos I. , Podaropoulos L. , Malliou E. , Tosios K. I. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNasolabial cysts are rare non‐odontogenic cysts of soft tissue that usually present as asymptomatic swellings beneath the ala of the nose. Their pathogenesis is uncertain. The presence of the lesion is perceived clinically and by the aid of radiological imaging. The usual treatment is surgical excision. Nasolabial cysts, when infected, are painful and mistreated occasionally as odontogenic defects. This article reports a case of a nasolabial cyst that was initially diagnosed and treated as a periapical abscess, which lead to the loss of a tooth. Complete enucleation of the cyst was performed under local anaesthesia and its identity was confirmed by histopathology. Follow‐up over a year revealed no evidence of recurrence.
Simultaneous CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated editing of cassava eIF4E isoforms nCBP‐1 and nCBP‐2 reduces cassava brown streak disease symptom severity and incidence
Authors: Gomez Michael A. , Lin Z. Daniel , Moll Theodore , Chauhan Raj Deepika , Hayden Luke , Renninger Kelley , Beyene Getu , Taylor Nigel J. , Carrington James C. , Staskawicz Brian J. , Bart Rebecca S. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryCassava brown streak disease (CBSD) is a major constraint on cassava yields in East and Central Africa and threatens production in West Africa. CBSD is caused by two species of positive‐sense RNA viruses belonging to the family Potyviridae, genus Ipomovirus: Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV). Diseases caused by the family Potyviridae require the interaction of viral genome‐linked protein (VPg) and host eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) isoforms. Cassava encodes five eIF4E proteins: eIF4E, eIF(iso)4E‐1, eIF(iso)4E‐2, novel cap‐binding protein‐1 (nCBP‐1), and nCBP‐2. Protein–protein interaction experiments consistently found that VPg proteins associate with cassava nCBPs. CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing was employed to generate ncbp‐1, ncbp‐2, and ncbp‐1/ncbp‐2 mutants in cassava cultivar 60444. Challenge with CBSV showed that ncbp‐1/ncbp‐2 mutants displayed delayed and attenuated CBSD aerial symptoms, as well as reduced severity and incidence of storage root necrosis. Suppressed disease symptoms were correlated with reduced virus titre in storage roots relative to wild‐type controls. Our results demonstrate the ability to modify multiple genes simultaneously in cassava to achieve tolerance to CBSD. Future studies will investigate the contribution of remaining eIF4E isoforms on CBSD and translate this knowledge into an optimized strategy for protecting cassava from disease.
Reduced introduction of Verticillium dahliae through irrigation systems and accumulation in soil by injection of peroxygen‐based disinfectants
Authors: Gómez‐Gálvez F. J. , Hidalgo‐Moya J. C. , Vega‐Macías V. , Hidalgo‐Moya J. J. , Rodríguez‐Jurado D. 
Published: July 2018

Controlling Verticillium dahliae through irrigation systems should be an important measure within integrated management of verticillium wilt of olive in Spain. Pathogen content of water infested by V. dahliae conidia and sclerotia can be diminished following in vitro treatments with the disinfectants OX‐VIRIN and OX‐AGUA AL25. Three concentrations per disinfectant were assessed for their effectiveness under operational conditions of modern irrigated olive orchards. Sterilized potted soil was drip‐irrigated with conidia‐ or sclerotia‐containing water that was pumped from a storage tank and disinfected (or not, control) within the pipelines via metering pumps. The trial was carried out in autumn and spring for each type of propagule infesting the water. The inoculum dispensed through drippers and the total inoculum density accumulated in soil were estimated. Furthermore, the treated residual inoculum in soil was assessed for pathogenicity on olive plants. Conidial incorporation in soil was prevented by most disinfectant treatments in spring; while for sclerotia, prevention was observed only at the highest OX‐VIRIN (51.2 mL L−1; in both seasons) and OX‐AGUA AL25 (11.27 mL L−1; in autumn) concentration. The remaining disinfectant treatments reduced conidia and sclerotia accumulation in soil by over 99% and 95%, respectively. Season particularly impacted the efficacy of lower concentrations. Expression of symptoms was not observed in olive plants grown in previously treated soils. The infectivity of the residual inoculum present in some treated soils was prevented, markedly reduced or limited to the roots. These results provide a novel, interesting and feasible approach in the management of the disease.
Advancing a sociology of ignorance in the study of racism and racial non‐knowing
Authors: Mueller Jennifer C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBy a wealth of indicators, ignorance appears a bona fide if often vexing social fact. Ignorance is socially constructed, negotiated, and pervasive; ignorance is often socially inevitable, even necessary; and, without a doubt, ignorance is socially consequential. Yet, despite its significance, ignorance has appeared a largely secondary concern among sociologists. Perhaps more perplexing, while sociologists of racism, power, and domination have long focused on the ways racial ideologies distort and mystify racial understanding to sustain White supremacy over time, we have done less to elaborate ignorance than is possible and warranted. Here, I join growing calls for a fully‐fledged “sociology of ignorance” and argue that antiracist and decolonial scholars have much to gain from and contribute to such an endeavor. This article traces the historical forebears of a “sociology of ignorance” and explores ignorance as a social concept before turning to examine precedents and increasing attention to ignorance scholarship on racism, racial domination, and racialized non‐knowing. Drawing from this work, I urge race‐critical scholars take advantage of our unique position to advance theory and methodology surrounding ignorance and the social‐cultural production of non‐knowledge as a broader area of social inquiry.
The relation of cyber aggression to peer social competence in the classroom for children in China
Authors: Washington Robert , Cohen Robert , Berlin Kristoffer S. , Hsueh Yeh , Zhou Zongkui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEngaging in cyber aggression has been shown to be associated with negative psychosocial adjustment for both the victim and the aggressor for U.S. samples. Of particular interest to the present research was how engaging in cyber aggression related to classroom peer social competence for children in China. Participants were 494 students (Boys = 278; Girls = 216), Grades 3–6, attending an elementary school in Wuhan, China. A path analysis was performed using peer nominations for classroom aggression (overt and relational) and self‐reports of cyber aggression to predict: intra‐individual social competence (global self‐worth, loneliness, peer optimism); relationships (number of classroom mutual friends); and group level social competence (peer nominations for sociability behaviors and for popularity). Consistent with previous research on children, extent of engaging in cyber aggression was associated with negative intra‐individual and relationship classroom social competence measures. Unlike other studies, extent of cyber aggression was not associated with group level evaluations. Overt aggression was found to relate to classroom social competence in a similar fashion as reported for U.S. children; relational aggression showed a different pattern. The findings highlight the importance of examining the unique associations of types and forms of aggression to social competence, particularly in relation to culture.
Describing soil quality with aggregate index for Msange irrigation scheme of Tanzania
Authors: Nyamsha D. , Kansal M. L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSoil quality is an important and integral aspect of soil health which is defined as the continued capacity of the soil to function as a living system within the ecosystem and land use boundaries. It refers to the capacity of soil to supply nutrients, maintain suitable biotic habitat and resist degradation. This study focuses on describing the soil quality through aggregate index termed as Soil Quality Index (SQI). The assessment of soil quality involves physical and chemical soil parameters along with the local climatic conditions and the experts’ opinion. The proposed aggregation method utilizes three scoring functions; ‘more is better’, ‘less is better’ and ‘optimum’ for which the score is interpreted either as very low, low, medium, high or very high. The methodology has been applied to Msange irrigation scheme which falls under semi‐arid climate conditions of Tanzania. The results show that the average SQI in the Msange irrigation scheme is 0.565 for the silt loam soil and can be classified as medium quality. In order to improve the soil quality and hence the land productivity, one should improve the organic matter contents, available water and nutrients availability to the soil. It is hoped that this study will be a baseline study on soil quality evaluation for effective agricultural practices.
Temporal variability and time compression of sediment yield in small Mediterranean catchments: impacts for land and water management
Authors: Smetanová A. , Le Bissonnais Y. , Raclot D. , Pedro Nunes J. , Licciardello F. , Le Bouteiller C. , Latron J. , Rodríguez Caballero E. , Mathys N. , Klotz S. , Mekki I. , Gallart F. , Solé Benet A. , Pérez Gallego N. , Andrieux P. , Moussa R. , Planchon O. , Santos J. M. , Alshihabi O. , Chikhaoui M. , Follain S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIncreased soil erosion, pressure on agricultural land, and climate change highlight the need for new management methods to mitigate soil loss. Management strategies should utilize comparable data sets of long‐term soil erosion monitoring across multiple environments. Adaptive soil erosion management in regions with intense precipitation requires an understanding of inter‐annual variability in sediment yield (SY) at regional scales. Here, a novel approach is proposed for analysing regional SY. We aimed to (i) investigate factors controlling inter‐ and intra‐annual SY, (ii) combine seasonality and time compression analyses to explore SY variability and (iii) discuss management implications for different Mediterranean environments. Continuous SY measurements totalling 104 years for eight small catchments were used to describe SY variability, which ranged from 0 to 271 t/ha/year and 0 to 116 t/ha/month. Maximum SY occurs in spring to summer for catchments with oceanic climates, while semi‐arid or dry summer climates experience SY minimums. We identified three time compression patterns at each time scale. Time compression was most intense for catchments with minimum SY in spring to summer. Low time compression was linked to very high soil loss, low run‐off and sediment production thresholds, and high connectivity. Reforestation, grassland and terracing changed SY magnitudes and time compression, but failed to reduce SY for large storm events. Periods with a high probability of high SY were identified using a combination of intra‐annual SY variability, seasonality analysis, and time compression analysis. Focusing management practices on monthly flow events, which account for the majority of SY, will optimise returns in Mediterranean catchments.
The long‐term soil phosphorus balance across Chinese arable land
Authors: Ma J. , Liu Y. , He W. , He P. , Haygarth P. M. , Surridge B. W. J. , Lei Q. , Zhou W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractQuantifying temporal and spatial variation of soil phosphorus (P) input, output and balance across Chinese arable land is necessary for better P management strategies. Here, we address this challenge using a soil P budget to analyse the soil P balance in arable land across the whole of China, for the period 1980–2012. Results indicated that the total P input to soil increased from 22.5 kg P/ha in 1980 to 79.1 kg P/ha in 2012. However, the total P output from soil only increased from 17.9 kg P/ha in 1980 to 36.9 kg P/ha in 2012. Therefore, the average net soil P surplus in China increased from 4.6 kg P/ha in 1980 to 42.1 kg P/ha in 2012. Our research found great variation in soil P balances across different regions. Soil P balance varied between regions with the order of southeast (SE) > north central (NC) and the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River (MLYR) > southwest (SW) > northwest (NW) > northeast (NE). Phosphorus that has accumulated in agricultural soil across China could theoretically meet crop P demands for approximately 4.8–12.0 yrs, depending on the bioavailability of P stored in soils. Increasing the return rates of manure and straw could substantially reduce the demand for fertilizer‐P. This paper represents a basis for more targeted, regionally informed P fertilizer recommendations in Chinese soils.
Sider's Ontologese Introduction Instructions
Authors: Wrigley Wesley 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn response to Hirsch's deflationary arguments, Sider attempts to introduce a special Ontologese quantifier to preserve the substantivity of fundamental debates in metaphysics. He claims that this strategy can be effected by two distinct means, one of which is a list of instructions for metaphysicians, which he argues suffice to give the new quantifier a meaning that carves nature at the joints. I argue that these instructions will not allow someone to start speaking Ontologese if their prior language is sufficiently deviant with respect to it, and that natural languages may be in just such a position.
Assessment of the red blood cell proteome in a dog with unexplained hemolytic anemia
Authors: Black Victoria L. , Heesom Kate , Whittington Fran , Davis Sean , Tasker Séverine , Adamantos Sophie , Davidson Andrew D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA 7‐year‐old female neutered Jack Russell Terrier was presented to Langford Vets, the University of Bristol, with a history of chronic intermittent lethargy. Investigations and clinical course were compatible with hereditary hemolysis due to a red blood cell membrane defect. Proteomics was used to explore protein alterations in the presence of a hypothesized red blood cell membrane protein deficiency. Proteomic analysis revealed downregulation of the band 3, and alpha‐ and beta‐adducin proteins, and alterations in the red blood cell proteome consistent with previous reports of changes due to the presence of reticulocytosis and ongoing hemolysis. The spectrum of protein alterations identified in the affected dog may be homologous to a band 3 protein deficiency secondary to hereditary spherocytosis, as described in people.
Thrombocytosis and central nervous system involvement in a case of canine acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
Authors: Rochel Daphné , Abadie Jérôme , Robveille Cynthia , Déqueant Bérengère , Dagher Elie , Roux Françoise , Jaillardon Laetitia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis case report presents a 14‐month‐old female Poodle mix with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia based on a marked thrombocytosis, abnormal platelet morphology, circulating dwarf megakaryocytes, and blast cells in the blood. Bone marrow abnormalities included dysmegakaryopoiesis dygranulopoiesis, and an increased number of blast cells was observed in the blood. Extensive leukemic involvement was also found in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, lungs, kidneys, and brain. The cytopathologic features of the abnormal circulating cells were highly suggestive of being megakaryocytic in origin, which was supported by negative myeloperoxidase staining and positive von Willebrand factor staining on immunocytochemistry (ICC). The neoplastic cells were also CD61 positive and had variable von Willebrand factor expression on ICC. Although there were only 25% blast cells in the bone marrow, which theoretically supported myelodysplastic syndrome, the hypothesis that this case represented acute myeloid leukemia of megakaryoblastic origin was confirmed by the continuous increase in circulating blast cell numbers during follow‐up visits and the extensive leukemic involvement of parenchymal organs.
Process Evaluation of a Participatory, Multimodal Intervention to Improve Evidence‐Based Care in Long‐Term Care Settings
Authors: Edwards Nancy C. , Smith Higuchi Kathryn 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundEvidence‐based improvements in long‐term care (LTC) are challenging due to human resource constraints.AimsTo evaluate implementation of a multimodal, participatory intervention aimed at improving evidence‐based care.MethodsUsing a qualitative descriptive design, we conducted and inductively analyzed individual interviews with staff at midpoint and end‐point to identify action plan implementation processes and challenges. The 9‐month intervention engaged professional and unregulated staff in an on‐site workshop and provided support for their development and implementation of site‐specific action plans.ResultsTen of 12 enrolled sites participated for the full study period. Interviews were conducted with 44 and 69 participants at midpoint and end‐point, respectively. Seven of 10 sites focused their action plan on team functioning and communication. Main achievements described at end‐point were improved team communication, better staff engagement, and improved teamwork. Internal and external supports for action plan implementation were described as critical for success.DiscussionThree factors influenced change: vertically and horizontally linked teams, external facilitator support for action plan implementation, and coaching by Best Practice Coordinators that emphasized organizational change and normalization of evidence‐based practice.ImplicationsTeam functioning and communication are forerunners of clinical practice changes in LTC. An off‐site model of facilitation is promising and may provide a more efficient means to reach a wider array of LTC settings.Linking Evidence to ActionPractice changes need engagement of all staff.
Do we have to consider acidosis induced by exercise as deleterious in sickle cell disease?
Authors: Chatel Benjamin , Messonnier Laurent A. , Bendahan David 
Published: July 2018

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
The aim of this review is to discuss the potential involvement of exercise‐induced acidosis in the commonly reported complications in sickle cell disease.

What advances does it highlight?
Blood acidosis appears clearly to be a risk factor for HbS polymerization, red blood cell sickling and the occurrence of vaso‐occlusive crisis and could induce hyperkalaemia‐related complications. It could be of great interest to try to avoid blood acidosis during exercise, which could be done using some alkalinizing solutions or adapted endurance training interventions.

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited haemoglobin (Hb) disorder and the most common monogenic disease in the world. The root cause of this pathology is the synthesis of an abnormal Hb (HbS) that polymerizes in deoxygenated conditions, leading to the sickling of red blood cells. Acidosis is well recognized as a promoter of HbS polymerization and therefore red blood cell sickling. Indeed, it has been shown in vitro that the relative amount of sickled red blood cells increases markedly from 1% at pH 7.4 to >90% at pH 7.0. Nevertheless, no study has directly tested whether exercise‐induced acidosis could favour SCD complications. Greater knowledge of the effects of metabolic acidosis during exercise could be of importance given the conclusions reached in several studies that proposed regular physical exercise as a therapeutic strategy in the management of SCD. In this review, we discuss the potential consequences of exercise‐induced acidosis for the pathophysiology of SCD. We also propose some potential therapeutic interventions with the aim of reducing the metabolic acidosis related to exercise.
Angiogenesis in the lung
Authors: Eldridge Lindsey , Wagner Elizabeth M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBoth systemic (tracheal and bronchial) and pulmonary circulations perfuse the lung. However, documentation of angiogenesis of either is complicated by the presence of the other. Well‐documented angiogenesis of the systemic circulations have been identified in asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic thromboembolism and primary carcinomas. Angiogenesis of the vasa vasorum, which are branches of bronchial arteries, is seen in the walls of large pulmonary vessels after a period of chronic hypoxia. Documentation of increased pulmonary capillaries has been shown in models of chronic hypoxia, after pneumonectomy and in some carcinomas. Although endothelial cell proliferation may occur as part of the repair process in several pulmonary diseases, it is separate from the unique establishment of new functional perfusing networks defined as angiogenesis. Identification of the mechanisms driving the expansion of new vascular beds in the adult needs further investigation. Yet the growth factors and molecular mechanisms of lung angiogenesis remain difficult to separate from underlying disease sequelae.
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