bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid PWM noise cancellation technique to reduce switching losses for two‐segment three‐phase motor
Authors: Huang Yingliang , Xu Yongxiang , Zhang Wentao , Zou Jibin 
Published: May 2019

This study proposed a novel method to eliminate the pulse width modulation (PWM) harmonics at a quite low switching frequency for the two‐segment three‐phase motor. Due to the PWM technique and considerations of switching losses, acoustic noise <20 kHz in the motor drive system is common. By using modified space vector PWM (MSVPWM) technique and interleaved topology with magnetically coupled inductors (MCIs), the proposed novel method is able to remove the first, second, and third order carrier frequency noises from the motor. The MSVPWM is used to eliminate the first and third order carrier frequency harmonics and second order harmonics are reduced by interleaved topology. With this method, the unpleasant acoustic noise <20 kHz could be removed when the switching frequency is selected near 6.7 kHz. The size of MCIs mainly depends on the PWM current harmonics and it is very small compared with inductor‐capacitor/inductor‐capacitor‐inductor filter. Moreover, this method remains to be the control dynamics of the motor without additional inductance for fundamental frequency currents. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by detailed simulation and experimental results.
Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer in Belgium: characteristics and influencing factors
Authors: Macken Elisabeth , Van Dongen Stefan , De Brabander Isabel , Francque Sven , Driessen Ann , Van Hal Guido 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) is an important quality parameter of colonoscopy. Most studies have shown that the risk for colorectal cancer is reduced after an index colonoscopy for screening or diagnostic purposes with or without polypectomy. In this study, we aimed to quantify and describe PCCRC in Belgium, including the possible relationships with patient, physician, and colonoscopy characteristics.
Patients and methods Reimbursement data on colorectal related medical procedures from the Intermutualistic Agency (IMA-AIM) were linked with data on clinical and pathological staging of colorectal cancer (CRC) available at the Belgian Cancer Registry (BCR) over a period covering 9 years (2002 – 2010).
Results In total, 63 518 colorectal cancers were identified in 61 616 patients between 2002 and 2010. We calculated a mean PCCRC rate of 7.6 %. PCCRC was significantly higher in older people and correlated significantly with polyp detection rate and the number of resections and procedures performed per year per physician. Conditional observed survival, given still alive 3 years since first colonoscopy, for PCCRC was worse than for CRC. Older patients and patients with invasive carcinomas had a worse outcome.
Conclusions Although no quality register exists in Belgium, we were able to demonstrate that PCCRC in Belgium is directly related to the experience of the physician performing the procedure. In the absence of a quality register, utilization of population-based data sources proved to be a valuable tool to identify quality parameters.
Cannabis-Gesetz in Deutschland – ein Erfolg?
Authors: Armbrüster Nicole , Ginnow Britta , Schütze RA Sebastian 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungSeit dem 10. März 2017 ist es erlaubt, Patienten mit schwerwiegenden Erkrankungen nach entsprechender Indikationsstellung und bei fehlender Therapiealternative adäquat mit Cannabisarzneimitteln zu versorgen. Das Gesetz zur „Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher und anderer Vorschriften“ („Cannabis-Gesetz“) ermöglicht die Verkehrs- und Verschreibungsfähigkeit von Arzneimitteln auf Basis von Cannabisblüten und -extrakten in standardisierter pharmazeutischer Qualität zu medizinischen Zwecken neben Fertigarzneimitteln. Eine Bestandsaufnahme mit Ausblick.
Das Skrotalödem – Ein Urologisches Chamäleon
Authors: Frodl Andreas , Cafuta Barbara , Distler Florian , Pandey Abhishek , Pahernik Sascha 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über einen 28-jährigen Patienten mit akut aufgetretener skrotaler Schwellung. Laborchemisch zeigte sich kein Hinweis auf eine Entzündung und sonographisch waren beide Hoden gut perfundiert. Eine Hodentorsion schien anamnestisch und bei der körperlichen Untersuchung als unwahrscheinlich, daher haben wir uns gegen eine operative Therapie entschieden. Im Verlauf konnten mögliche Differenzialdiagnosen ausgeschlossen und der Verdacht eines akut idiopathischen Skrotalödems (AISE) bestätigt werden. Nach eintägiger stationär-antiphlogistischer Therapie konnte der Patient wieder nach Hause entlassen werden. Das Fallbeispiel zeigt, dass die AISE auch bei nicht-pädiatrischen Patienten auftreten kann und zu vorderst eine Ausschlussdiagnose ist.
Management of Post-Traumatic Composite Bone and Soft Tissue Defect of Leg
Authors: Mahajan Ravi K. , Srinivasan Krishnan , Singh Mahipal , Jain Adish , Kapadia Taha , Tambotra Ankush 
Published: May 2019

AbstractManagement of composite defects of leg following trauma requires a planned ortho-plastic approach right from the outset. Timely, planned intervention results in reduced amputation rates and improved limb salvage and function. Right from the time of presentation of the patient to the emergency with such injury, the process of decision making in terms of salvage or amputation, local flap cover/free flap cover, bone reconstruction first or soft tissue or both combined, come into play. Guidelines on management are unclear for such defects, a literature search yielding various methods being used by different authors.This article is a review of current literature on management of composite leg defects.A summary of the literature search in terms of various management options given by various authors including the rationale, advantages and disadvantages of each strategy has been provided in this article. The management protocol and method followed by the author in his institute for management of such composite defects have been described in detail. The article seeks to provide readers with an understanding of the management strategies so that appropriate method could be chosen to provide best result.
Traumatic Patellar Tendon Rupture Repair Using Synthetic Ligament Augmentation
Authors: Core Maxime , Anract Philippe , Raffin Juliette , Biau David Jean 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRupture of the patellar tendon is an infrequent pathology, and surgical repair with nonabsorbable sutures is the gold standard for management. Many surgeons augment the repair using one of many proposed methods: cerclage wires, Dall–Miles cables, autologous hamstring grafts, and tendon allografts. In this study, we propose the augmentation of patellar tendon repair using an artificial ligament. The questions to be assessed in this study are as follows: (1) measurement of functional results 1 year after surgery using the Lysholm score and (2) the incidence of both rerupture, and surgical complications within the first year postsurgery, the median knee range of motion at 3 months and 1-year postsurgery, patient satisfaction, and postsurgery patellar height, measured using the Caton–Deschamps Index. In our center, we performed 30 suture repairs of traumatic patellar tendon ruptures between 2015 and 2016. Tendon repair was always augmented using an artificial ligament (LT60, Orthomed). The results were evaluated 1 year after surgery. The 1-year postsurgery median Lysholm score was 96 (first quartile–third quartile [Q1–Q3]: 95–100). None of the following complications were reported: second surgery for any reason, new rupture, and superficial or deep infection. Radiological analysis showed a median Caton Index of 1 (Q1–Q3: 0.9–1) postsurgery. Excellent Lysholm scores were observed 1 year after synthetic ligament augmentation of patellar tendon sutures, with a low rate of complications compared with published studies.
Midterm Outcomes following Acute Repair of Grade III Distal MCL Avulsions in Multiligamentous Knee Injuries
Authors: Desai Vishal S. , Wu Isabella T. , Camp Christopher L. , Levy Bruce A. , Stuart Michael J. , Krych Aaron J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is limited evidence guiding management of medial collateral ligament (MCL) avulsions or functional disruptions distal to the medial joint line. This study aims to determine outcomes of a series of patients with grade III distal MCL injuries managed with acute surgical repair. Patients with grade III, distal MCL injuries, with or without multiligament involvement were identified. Demographic, clinical examination, and midterm patient-reported outcomes (PRO) data were collected. Clinical follow-up included physical examination and ligamentous stress testing at a minimum of 6 months. PROs included Lysholm's knee scoring scale, Tegner's activity score, and subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores at minimum of 2 years follow-up. Of the 24 eligible patients, outcomes data were available for 20 (83%). Of the 20 included patients, 16 had a concomitant anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, 3 had ACL and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries, and 1 had an isolated MCL injury. Mean time from injury to surgery was 5 weeks. At mean clinical follow-up of 20.3 months, all patients showed valgus stability and satisfactory range of motion (ROM). Anteroposterior stability was normal in all but one patient who demonstrated a 2+ posterior drawer but with firm end points. At a mean follow-up of 5.7 years for PROs, mean Lysholm's score was 91.5 (standard deviation [SD] = 12.2), median Tegner's activity score was 7 (range, 4–9), and mean subjective IKDC score was 88.8 (SD: 9.9). The surgical repair of grade III distal MCL injuries delivered satisfactory clinical and functional outcomes. Future comparative studies with larger patient samples are needed.
Evaluation of a Child with Spells: A “Prefixed” Approach
Authors: Goraya Jatinder S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSpells are a common clinical problem in children and can be broadly classified into epileptic and nonepileptic spells. Epileptic spells are clinical events that result from abnormal, excessive, and synchronous electrical activity of the cortical neurons. All other spells are included under the category of nonepileptic events. Precise differentiation between epileptic and nonepileptic spells, and their final characterization depend chiefly on obtaining a detailed account of the episode from the patient and/or witness. Physical and neurological examinations are generally non-revealing. In clinical practice, however, misdiagnosis of nonepileptic spells as epilepsy is fairly common and often is a result of incomplete history-taking. Explicit guidelines to elicit a thorough history in children who present with spells are lacking. The purpose of this article is to describe an instinctive and easy-to-remember approach to clinical history-taking in children with spells so as to minimize diagnostic errors.
Antimicrobials before antibiotics: war, peace, and disinfectants
Authors: Landecker Hannah 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis analysis of antimicrobials before antibiotics uses both biological and historical approaches to examine the origins of contemporary antibiotic resistance in the decades prior to the introduction of penicillin. Genetic studies of resistance elements in contemporary bacterial pathogens point toward the importance of early twentieth century chemotherapies as initial selection pressures shaping the landscape of resistance elements even before microbially-produced antibiotics came onto the scene while historical analysis gives insight into the design of these pressures: specific toxicity in arsenicals, sulphonamides, and disinfectant quaternary ammonium compounds, as well as their industrial-scale production and distribution. Turning from production to application, the specific cases of troop mobilization and poultry farming between 1940 and 1950 in the United States are used to illustrate how profound physical and social disruption, outbreaks of epidemic disease, and mass prophylaxis and antisepsis with synthetic antimicrobial agents came together at scale in this period, generating a highly specific landscape of bacterial flourishing and killing, and setting the stage into which the first antibiotics came. Reframing antimicrobial resistance in a longer historical trajectory lends new insight into both the social origins and biological evolution of the phenomenon.
Comparative study of femtosecond filamentation properties in the classical model and the full model for different incident pulse durations
Authors: Jing Chenrui , Qi Xiexing , Wang Zhaohui , Ma Baohong , Ding Chaoliang 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We investigate the influence of incident pulse duration on the properties of femtosecond filamentation by numerical simulations. The filament intensity and plasma density are compared in the classical model and the full model under different incident pulse durations. Our results demonstrate the important role that higher-order Kerr effect (HOKE) plays in femtosecond laser filamentation, and the incident pulse duration has a significant influence on the relative contribution of HOKE, which consistently confirm the conclusions proposed by Loriot et al (2011 Laser Phys.
21 1319). Our findings provide a possible way to test the validity of the classical model and the full model in filamentation process by measuring the plasma density as a function of pulse duration through relevant experimental techniques.
A re-weighted smoothed

L0

-norm regularized sparse reconstructed algorithm for linear inverse problems
Authors: Wang Linyu , Wang Junyan , Xiang Jianhong , Yue Huihui 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper addresses the problems of sparse signal and image recovery using compressive sensing (CS), especially in the case of Gaussian noise. The main contribution of this paper is the proposal of the regularization re-weighted Composite Sine function smoothed L
0-norm minimization (RRCSFSL0) algorithm where the Composite Sine function (CSF), the iteratively re-weighted scheme and the regularization mechanism represent the core of an approach to the solution of the problem. Compared with other state-of-the-art functions, the CSF we proposed can better approximate the L
0-norm and improve the reconstruction accuracy, the new re-weighted scheme we adopted can promote sparsity and speed up convergence. Moreover, the use of the regularization mechanism makes the RRCSFSL0 algorithm more robust against noise. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified via numerical experiments in the noise environment. Furthermore, experiments and comparisons demonstrate the superiority of the RRCSFSL0 algorithm in image restoration.
Accurate differential analysis of transcription factor activity from gene expression
Authors: Amin Viren , Ağaç Didem , Barnes Spencer D , Çobanoğlu Murat Can 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Activity of transcriptional regulators is crucial in elucidating the mechanism of phenotypes. However regulatory activity hypotheses are difficult to experimentally test. Therefore, we need accurate and reliable computational methods for regulator activity inference. There is extensive work in this area, however, current methods have difficulty with one or more of the following: resolving activity of TFs with overlapping regulons, reflecting known regulatory relationships, or flexible modeling of TF activity over the regulon.

Results
We present Effector and Perturbation Estimation Engine (EPEE), a method for differential analysis of transcription factor (TF) activity from gene expression data. EPEE addresses each of these principal challenges in the field. Firstly, EPEE collectively models all TF activity in a single multivariate model, thereby accounting for the intrinsic coupling among TFs that share targets, which is highly frequent. Secondly, EPEE incorporates context-specific TF-gene regulatory networks and therefore adapts the analysis to each biological context. Finally, EPEE can flexibly reflect different regulatory activity of a single TF among its potential targets. This allows the flexibility to implicitly recover other regulatory influences such as co-activators or repressors. We comparatively validated EPEE in 15 datasets from three well-studied contexts, namely immunology, cancer, and hematopoiesis. We show that addressing the aforementioned challenges enable EPEE to outperform alternative methods and reliably produce accurate results.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/Cobanoglu-Lab/EPEE.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Developments on CO2-utilization technologies
Authors: Zhu Qian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
As an additional CO2-mitigation strategy to carbon capture and storage, CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) is attracting increasing interest globally. The potential applications of CCU are diverse, ranging from using CO2 in greenhouses and farming to conversion of CO2 into fuels, chemicals, polymers and building materials. CO2 has already been used for decades with mature technologies in various industrial processes such as CO2-enhanced oil recovery, the food and beverage industry, urea production, water treatment and the production of fire retardants and coolants. There are also many new CO2-utilization technologies at various stages of development and commercialization. These technologies have the potential to provide opportunities for emission savings for power and other industrial sectors by partially substituting fossil-fuel raw materials, increasing efficiency and using renewable energy, and generating revenues through producing marketable products. This paper investigates the CO2-utilization technologies that convert CO2 into commercial products via chemical and biochemical reactions with a focus on front-running technologies that are at, or close to, large-scale demonstration or commercialization. The CO2-utilization technologies are grouped according to the technological routes used, such as electrochemical, photocatalytic and photosynthetic, catalytic, biological process (using microbes and enzymes), copolymerization and mineralization. Recent developments and the status of the CO2-utilization technologies are reviewed. The environmental impact of CCU is also discussed in terms of life-cycle analysis.
Wildlife Refuges Support High Bee Diversity on the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Auerbach Ezra S , Johnson William P , Smith Jude R , McIntyre Nancy E 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe native prairie of the southern Great Plains has been especially modified by two related forces: conversion of native prairie to agricultural forms of land use and removal of black-tailed prairie dogs (Rodentia: Sciuridae, Cynomys ludovicianus (Ord, 1815)) that act as ecosystem engineers via their burrowing and grazing activities. It is unknown how these changes have affected the native bee community. We surveyed the bee communities in relatively intact native prairie at two National Wildlife Refuges in Texas, quantifying bee community structure as a function of the presence/absence of grazing by prairie dogs. Over a 5-mo sampling period in spring-summer 2013, we found high overall bee diversity (180 species, mostly solitary ground-nesters), with differences detected in diversity between Muleshoe and Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuges as well as on and off prairie dog colonies. Although the same three species dominated the bee community at both refuges, most species were represented by relatively few individuals, leading to overall differences in diversity (richness, evenness, and effective number of species) by refuge. Bee diversity differed between sites on and off prairie dog colonies, but in trends that differed by refuge and by index, suggesting that location was more important than prairie dog presence. These results represent a reference fauna against which other regional bee communities in other land-cover types can be compared, but the high spatial heterogeneity we found indicates that detecting effects of landscape change on native bees will be challenging.
Parental Unemployment and the Transition to Vocational Training in Germany: Interaction of Household and Regional Sources of Disadvantage
Authors: Lindemann Kristina , Gangl Markus 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe examine the impact of parental unemployment and regional labour market conditions on the probability of a successful transition from non-academic secondary schooling to vocational training in Germany, using data from the National Educational Panel Study and multilevel logistic regression models. Although widely regarded as a low-cost, low-risk and high-gain vocational path, we nevertheless find a clear negative effect of parental unemployment on adolescents’ chances of entering an apprenticeship contract. We test for poorer school performance, reduced household income, reduced self-esteem and limited access to labour market information as potential mediators of the effect, and only find support for some limited impact of economic deprivation. However, we also show that in families where one parent has experienced unemployment shortly before the child’s own transition from secondary schooling, students’ chances of a successful transition depend much more strongly on regional labour market conditions than in families without parental experiences of unemployment. Even in a regulated transition system like Germany’s, adverse labour market conditions thus reinforce the intergenerational disadvantages induced by parental unemployment.
Developing Methods for Truck Route Selection and Cost Modeling in Steeper Topographies
Authors: Fjeld D , Rönnqvist M , Flisberg P 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Payment tariffs for logging truck transport in Nordic countries are typically based on the loaded transport distance. Local tariffs often provide a good representation of the mean cost, however, as variation in topography and the transport environment increases; loaded distance alone represents the actual cost poorly. In addition, routes with increasing curvature also constitute more frequent braking and acceleration cycles. Moreover, driving in such topographical environments during the winter raises additional safety and operator stress issues. This study examines the situation in Norway where logging truck routes often start in mountainous regions. It tests the applicability of a route-generation system developed in Sweden and determines if it can be adopted in Norway. The case study is based on 30 detailed routes from each country, reported and analyzed by their respective transport managers. Based on typical local tariffs, the results show the route-specific variation in costs and profit margins associated with the varying transport environments. A framework for classifying transport environments is proposed as a basis for tariff agreements that better represent the actual transport cost. This increases fairness and supports economic sustainability for transporters.