bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of macropores on heavy metal retention in sustainable drainage systems
Authors: Quinn Ruth , Dussaillant Alejandro 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Numerous laboratory and field experiments have found that rain gardens exhibit excellent heavy metal retention (&gt;88%). However, none examined the impact of macropore flow on this retention; this was established to be a key factor in heavy metal capture by previous landfill leachate experiments. Therefore, the aim of the experiments detailed in this paper was to investigate the effect of a single artificial macropore on heavy metal retention in a layered soil column (with a similar configuration to a rain garden). The findings of these experiments suggest that macropore flow does not impact the hydraulic performance or heavy metal retention of the columns with 99% of copper, lead and zinc captured. This indicates that macropores are not detrimental to heavy metal retention in rain garden systems with highly conductive soils; this was attributed to the high hydraulic conductivity of the media used and the depth of the system. However, in shallower systems, such as green roofs, the retention of heavy metals and other pollutants may be impacted by the existence of preferential flow, and more research into this area is needed.
Do household surveys estimate tap water use accurately? Evidence from pressure-sensor based estimates in Coimbatore, India
Authors: Apoorva R. , Biswas Durba , Srinivasan Veena 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Quantifying domestic water use at the household scale is crucial for any policy interventions towards ensuring adequate, equitable and safe water access. In developing country contexts, piped water supply is often one of several sources from which households access water and this is often unmetered. The most common approach to quantifying household water use from multiple sources is through household surveys. But there is no evidence that household surveys accurately estimate water use. This study utilized high-resolution pressure-sensor data as a reference to evaluate the effectiveness of conventional household survey methods through a sample of 82 households in Coimbatore city in South India. The pressure sensors produced detailed, continuous and accurate information on all sources of water accessed through the household storage infrastructure, but they were expensive and intrusive. Compared with pressure-sensor derived estimates of tap water use, household surveys alone fared very poorly. However, household surveys and well-designed water diaries of supply and pumping, coupled with simple one-time field measurements, emerged as a valid approach to quantifying household water use from taps under multiple source dependence.
Application of electrochemical peroxidation (ECP) process for waste-activated sludge stabilization and system optimization using response surface methodology (RSM)
Authors: Gholikandi Gagik Badalians , Kazemirad Khashayar 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In this study, the performance of the electrochemical peroxidation (ECP) process for removing the volatile suspended solids (VSS) content of waste-activated sludge was evaluated. The Fe2+ ions required by the process were obtained directly from iron electrodes in the system. The performance of the ECP process was investigated in various operational conditions employing a laboratory-scale pilot setup and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). According to the results, the ECP process showed its best performance when the pH value, current density, H2O2 concentration and the retention time were 3, 3.2 mA/cm2, 1,535 mg/L and 240 min, respectively. In these conditions, the introduced Fe2+ concentration was approximately 500 (mg/L) and the VSS removal efficiency about 74%. Moreover, the results of the microbial characteristics of the raw and the stabilized sludge demonstrated that the ECP process is able to remove close to 99.9% of the coliforms in the raw sludge during the stabilization process. The energy consumption evaluation showed that the required energy of the ECP reactor (about 1.8–2.5 kWh (kg VSS removed)−1) is considerably lower than for aerobic digestion, the conventional waste-activated sludge stabilization method (about 2–3 kWh (kg VSS removed)−1). The RSM optimization process showed that the best operational conditions of the ECP process comply with the experimental results, and the actual and the predicted results are in good conformity with each other. This feature makes it possible to predict the introduced Fe2+ concentrations into the system and the VSS removal efficiency of the process precisely.
RELATO DE CASO: DIABETES TIPO LADA OU "DOUBLE DIABETES"? NEM TODO DIABÉTICO É TIPO 1 OU TIPO 2
Authors: Soares Aline Braga , Dumay Guilherme Thomaz D. , Marques Cintia , Ellinger Vivian C. M. 
Published: February 2018

O diabetes é uma doença muito prevalente e com múltiplas vias patogênicas. Diversos fenótipos compõe o espectro dessa doença, alguns clinicamente semelhantes, como o “Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of the Adult” (LADA) e o "Double Diabetes" (DD), dificultando diagnóstico e manejo clínico. Em ambas apresentações, ocorre uma intersecção de características típicas do diabetes tipo 1 (DM1) e tipo 2 (DM2). Relata-se o caso de uma paciente de 44 anos, que iniciou quadro de diabetes gestacional há 20 anos. Após dois anos sem tratamento, apresentou emagrecimento, polidipsia e diplopia, associadas a anti-GAD positivo, sendo diagnosticada como DM1. Ao procurar o ambulatório a paciente apresentava quadro de Síndrome Metabólica. Este trabalho visa discutir o complexo diagnóstico do diabetes. Embora esta seja uma doença muito estudada, a cada nova evidência científica, um antigo conceito "cai por terra" e percebe-se o quão leigos ainda somos quando se trata de diabetes.
IL-10 Promoter -592 Polymorphism may Influence Susceptibility to HIV Infection in South Indian Population
Authors: Harishankar Murugesan , Ravikrishnan Harini , Ravishankar Akshaya , Hanna Luke Elizabeth , Swaminathan Soumya , Selvaraj Paramasivam , Bethunaickan Ramalingam 
Published: February 2018

Background:Genetic factors play an important role in the development of disease susceptibility or protection. Cytokine gene polymorphisms are reported to be associated with altered levels of cytokine production that can impact disease progression in HIV and TB.Objective:In this study, we studied IL-10 -592(C/A) and TGF-β -509 (C/T) promoter polymorphisms to understand their role in susceptibility or resistance to HIV and TB in a South Indian population.Method:Genomic DNA was isolated from healthy controls, pulmonary tuberculosis patients (n=122) and HIV positive individuals (n=100) and used for genotyping by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.Results:Results revealed that under dominant model (CC vs CA+AA), IL-10 -592 ‘A' allele either ‘CA' or ‘AA' combinations significantly associated with susceptibility to HIV compared to healthy controls (OR: 1.88(1.05-3.35); p=0.030). However, we found no significant association with TB. TGF-β-509 polymorphism did not associate with either HIV or TB under overdominant model. Neither of the promoter polymorphisms associated with sex in either HIV or TB. However, a trend towards higher risk to HIV was found in females compared with males in IL-10 -592 ‘AA' genotype.Conclusion:This study suggests the association of IL-10 -592 “AA” genotype with susceptibility to HIV under dominant model in the Southern Indian population. Future studies are needed with a larger sample size in order to confirm the observations made in this study.
A Note on Comparison between Statistical Cluster and Neural Network Cluster
Authors: Prasad Jagdish , Rajawat Rahul 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Cluster analysis is a data reduction technique in rows of the data matrix. This
technique is widely used in engineering, biology, society, pattern recognition, and image processing.

Objective:
In this paper, self organized map (SOM) using the artificial neural network and different statistical
techniques of cluster analysis are used on Population data of 33 districts of Rajasthan with 9 variables
for comparison purpose.

Methods:
The goal of this work is to identify the most suitable technique for clustering the data by using
the artificial neural network and different statistical clustering techniques. We received all patents regarding
artificial neural network and k-means cluster method.

Conclusion:
The k-means cluster analysis is found as good as Neural Network cluster analysis, whereas
Hierarchical cluster analysis and two steps cluster analysis provide some variation from the neural network
cluster analysis.
HAK ULAYAT MASYARAKAT HUKUM ADAT DAN HAK MENGUASAI NEGARA DI TAMAN NASIONAL RAWA AOPA WATUMOHAI
Authors: Safiuddin Sahrina 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCommunal right cannot implemented even legality of that was recognized. This research want to know the concept and implentation of arrangement about relationship of communal right and the right of controlling of the state in Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park. This research is an empirical law. The results are Firstly, concepts regulation of relations communal rights of indigenous people and to the right control of the state contained in Article 33 paragraph (3) NRI 1945 Constitution. Secondly, to implementing the right still have to wait stipulation from the National Parks in this case related to the central government as the implementing authority. IntisariHak ulayat tidak selalu dapat diimplementasikan meskipun memiliki dasar pengakuan hukum. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui konsep pengaturan dan implementasi dari hubungan antara hak ulayat dengan hak menguasai Negara di Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa Watunohai. Penelitian ini penelitian hukum empiris. Hasil penelitian adalah pertama, konsep pengaturan hak ulayat dan hak menguasai negara diatur Pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD NRI 1945. Kedua, implementasi hak ulayat ditentukan pihak Taman Nasional terkait dengan pemerintah pusat sebagai pelaksana wewenang/kekuasaan dari negara.
poética de Gemma Pellicer
Authors: Andres-Suárez Irene 
Published: February 2018

La escritora, filóloga y editora Gemma Pellicer (Barcelona, 1972) ha cultivado a lo largo de su trayectoria la crítica literaria en diversos diarios y revistas, así como la literatura de pensamiento (el aforismo) y la narración breve: el cuento y el microrrelato, dos géneros que parecen venirle como anillo al dedo. Hasta el presente, ha publicado dos recuentos de excelente factura, los cuales cristalizan a la perfección su cosmovisión centrada en preocupaciones artísticas, existenciales y metafísicas: La danza de las horas (2012) y Maleza viva (2016), en los que el microrrelato, aun siendo mayoritario, cohabita con otras formas hiperbreves (el poema en prosa, el microdrama, la instantánea, el aforismo, etc.). En ambos libros, “lo poético y lo reflexivo alternan con lo estrictamente narrativo, mostrando la gran versatilidad del microrrelato”, un “género de llegada”, según Merino, que se nutre de materiales diversos y que requiere extremada pericia por parte del escritor y un receptor culto y refinado.
muestra de la realidad quebradiza en la narrativa de José María Merino
Authors: Robledo Vega Luis Miguel 
Published: February 2018

En la narrativa de José María Merino se encuentran presentes elementos como lo fantástico, lo maravilloso (unido a lo legendario y a lo mítico), la ciencia ficción, y, en menor medida, lo realista. Sin embargo, el término más adecuado para definir su obra es el de realidad quebradiza. Es muy común en el autor el uso de motivos como el doble, el apócrifo, o la metaficción; con ellos, aporta un carácter lúdico a la obra y coloca al lector ante un mundo en el que distinguir las fronteras entre realidad y ficción resulta difícil. Analizamos aquí tres novelas esenciales para comprender dicho concepto, que son: Novela de Andrés Choz (1976), La orilla oscura (1985), y Los invisibles (2000). El análisis de estos elementos en ellas, nos permite profundizar en la configuración del mundo narrativo de José María Merino.
Conciencia y (post)modernidad en El mismo mar de todos los veranos de Esther Tusquets
Authors: Villalba Manuel J. 
Published: February 2018

El mismo mar de todos los veranos es uno de los textos señeros de la producción novelística postmoderna española. A lo largo de la novela, Esther Tusquets propone una representación de la conciencia novedosa y compleja, que resulta en un texto de muy difícil lectura. En este artículo me interrogo sobre las características de la representación de la conciencia en esta novela. El análisis de la obra es doble: a partir, primero, de un acercamiento pragmático al texto y, segundo, de un acercamiento semántico. Este análisis servirá a su vez para sondear las fronteras entre la modernidad y la postmodernidad narrativas en lo que podemos denominar novela de la transición española a la democracia que se produjo a finales de los 70 y principios de los 80, e interpretará la representación de la conciencia propuesta por Tusquets a la luz del concepto de conciencia esquizofrénica, formulado por Deleuze y Guattari en su libro Capitalismo et schizophénie. L’Anti-Œdipe.
Environmental stewardship practices of veterinary professionals and educators related to use and disposal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products
Authors: Lam Jennifer , Chan Samuel S. , Conway Flaxen D. L. , Stone David 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document the environmental stewardship practices (decisions and actions regarding use and disposal) of pet and human pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) among pet-owning veterinary-care professionals (practicing veterinarians, veterinary students, and veterinary technicians and trainees) and environmental educators.
DESIGN Internet-based cross-sectional survey.
SAMPLE 191 pet owners (103 veterinary-care professionals and 88 environmental educators).
PROCEDURES Study participants were recruited by means of a 2-part internet survey distributed to veterinary-care professional and environmental educator networks of individuals residing in Washington state, Oregon, and southern California. Survey questions addressed motivators for environmental stewardship practices (ie, decisions and actions regarding use and disposal of pet and human PPCPs).
RESULTS Data were collected from 191 respondents; the response rate for individuals who self-selected to opt in was 78% (191/246). Of the 191 respondents, 42 (22%) stored pet pharmaceuticals indefinitely. The most common disposal method was the garbage (88/191 [46%]). Veterinary-care professionals counseled clients infrequently regarding environmental stewardship practices for PPCPs. Fifty-five percent (105/191) of all respondents preferred more environmentally friendly and clinically effective PPCPs.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of the present survey emphasized the urgent need for improved educational resources to minimize environmental contamination from improper disposal of PPCPs. Environmental and economic motivations among pet owners in the veterinary-care and education professions indicate further opportunities for outreach and institutional support.
“Wonder If I Gave an Oreo” : Analisis Etnolinguistik Terhadap Iklan Televisi
Authors: Sari Nanik Rianandita 
Published: February 2018

Iklan merupakan salah satu alat promosi yang digunakan untuk komunikasi dengan penonton yang yang dapat dilakukan melalui surat kabar, majalah, internet, radio dan atau televisi. Menggunakan iklan, sebuah produk mencoba untuk membuat tanda kepada penonton untuk meyakinkan mereka benar-benar memahami pesan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa bagaimana bahasa yang terdapat dalam lirik yang ada pada iklan Oreo: “Wonder if I gave an Oreo” di televisi. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis Etnolinguistik. Pendekatan Etnolinguistik Humboldt digunakan oleh peneliti untuk mengungkap bahasa terhadap pandangan iklan tersebut. Data sekunder yang digunakan, juga didukung oleh studi literatur, untuk melakukan analisis mendalam dari penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan makna dari iklan yang digunakan berdasarkan cara pandang Oreo. Advertisement is one of promotional tools used to communicate with its audience which can be done through newspaper, magazine, internet, radio, and/or television. Using advertisement, the product tries to create signs in the message to the audience to make sure they really understand the message. The objective of the study is to analyze how the languages are created in the lyrics on Oreo: “Wonder if I gave an Oreo” TV advertisement. The metodology is qualitative research using Ethnolinguistic analysis. Humboldt Ethnolinguistic approach is applied to explore the language based on the advertisement’s view. Secondary data were used, also supported by study literature, to conduct a deep analysis of this study. The research finding shows meaning were used to deliver the message of Oreo.
Dimensión y contextualización histórico-social sobre la realidad del desplazamiento forzado en la sociedad colombiana antes de 1991 (Dimension and historical context on social reality of displacement in the colombian company before 1991)
Authors: Rodríguez Forero Nicolás David 
Published: February 2018

Este articulo pretende demostrar el contexto del desplazamiento forzado, como consecuencia de un conflicto armado interno y fenómeno social, lo cual se presenta como vulneración a los derechos de inviolabilidad del domicilio y de propiedad privada consagrados en la constitución de 1886, como instrumento legitimador del Estado de Derecho y Teoría del Derecho Divino Providencial, como dirección invisible, ambigua e ineficaz de los derechos civiles. A través del tiempo, se viene reconociendo eventos de tipo histórico, jurisprudencial y constitucional sobre la identificación del desplazamiento forzado, lo cual generó un cambio de estado, gracias a la constitución política de 1991, eje fundamental para el reconocimiento y protección de la dignidad humana del desplazado, dentro del Estado Social y Democrático de Derecho.
Caracterización de las acciones para la separación de los residuos en la fuente de los barrios Caracolí, Potosí y Tres esquinas de la localidad Ciudad Bolívar(Characterization of the actions for the separation of waste in the source of the neighborhoods)
Authors: Santos Rayo Jhon Mairon , Niño Sandoval José Gerardo , Vargas Puentes Liliana 
Published: February 2018

Desde hace aproximadamente 30 años las zonas de Caracolí, Potosí y Tres Esquinas han venido generando un cambio muy importante dentro de sus entornos, debido a la difusa línea territorial que hay entre la zona rural y la zona urbana, siendo parte dentro del nuevo plan de ordenamiento territorial, ha traído consigo el aumento de sus habitantes y el poblamiento de las zonas, con personas de escasos recursos económicos, víctimas del conflicto armado y grupos familiares con un deficiente conocimiento en el manejo de los desechos y basuras generadas en los barrios. En concordancia con lo anterior, se genera un inadecuado manejo de los residuos sólidos en las comunidades de Ciudad Bolívar, que ha venido generando una problemática de tipo ambiental y social, causada por el incremento de los residuos sólidos a raíz de la forma en que la población hace el manejo de los mismos, la falta de educación y responsabilidad ambiental desde la separación en la fuente.
The effectiveness of selank in the treatment of adjustment disorder
Authors: Verbenko Georgiy , Verbenko Viktoriya 
Published: February 2018

Background
Adjustment disorder (AD) is one of the most common mental disorders. Considering the social and economic situation in Ukraine at present, in almost 50% of the population, there are non-psychotic mental health disorders, and this number tends to increase. Individual risk factors that are particularly important for the AD development include the experience of a significant stress in childhood, problems with mental health in the past, difficult life circumstances, etc. At the same time, pathogenetically approaches to AD therapy are not fully understood. Pathogenetically oriented therapy of AD should be based on neurotransmitter causes and systemic therapeutic approach. The neurometabolic, anxiolytic, and psycho-stimulating action of the regulatory peptide allows it to be used in the therapy of psychogenic adaptation disorders.

Methods
Clinical manifestations of the AD were studied in different age groups - 21-34 years (n=153), 35-50 years (n=257), 51-65 years (n=167) using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and Questionnaire of Stress Resistance (QSR). For the study on the effectiveness of the selank (a synthetic analogue of the immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin) were included 30 patients with the AD. Main (experimental group) received selank for two weeks; the control group didn’t receive any treatment (wait list). Patients were monitored for additional two weeks after the treatment with an assessment at the end of follow-up.

Results
According to the study results, selank significantly reduced PHQ score in patients with AD compared to control group. PHQ scores in the selank group after 2 weeks of follow-up were significantly lower for somatic symptoms (mean score 1.2 vs. 3.6; p<0.05), nutritional problems (0.1 vs. 3.4; p<0.05), and alcohol misuses (0.3 vs. 1.5; p<0.05).

Conclusion
The use of the synthetic analogue of the immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin has a therapeutic effect on the somatic and mental symptoms of the adjustment disorder.
Between Pure and Approximate Differential Privacy
Authors: Steinke Thomas , Ullman Jonathan 
Published: February 2018

We show a new lower bound on the sample complexity of (ε,δ)-differentially private algorithms that accurately answer statistical queries on high-dimensional databases. The novelty of our bound is that it depends optimally on the parameter δ, which loosely corresponds to the probability that the algorithm fails to be private, and is the first to smoothly interpolate between approximate differential privacy (δ >0) and pure differential privacy (δ= 0).

Specifically, we consider a database D ∈{±1}n×d and its one-way marginals, which are the d queries of the form “What fraction of individual records have the i-th bit set to +1?” We show that in order to answer all of these queries to within error ±α (on average) while satisfying (ε,δ)-differential privacy for some function δ such that δ≥2−o(n) and δ≤1/n1+Ω(1), it is necessary that

\[n≥Ω (\frac{√dlog(1/δ)}{αε}).\]

This bound is optimal up to constant factors. This lower bound implies similar new bounds for problems like private empirical risk minimization and private PCA. To prove our lower bound, we build on the connection between fingerprinting codes and lower bounds in differential privacy (Bun, Ullman, and Vadhan, STOC’14).

In addition to our lower bound, we give new purely and approximately differentially private algorithms for answering arbitrary statistical queries that improve on the sample complexity of the standard Laplace and Gaussian mechanisms for achieving worst-case accuracy guarantees by a logarithmic factor.