bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of outflow of formaldehyde and glyoxal from the African continent to the Atlantic Ocean with a MAX-DOAS instrument
Authors: Behrens Lisa K. , Hilboll Andreas , Richter Andreas , Peters Enno , Alvarado Leonardo M. A. , Kalisz Hedegaard Anna B. , Wittrock Folkard , Burrows John P. , Vrekoussis Mihalis 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Trace gas maps retrieved from satellite measurements show enhanced
levels of the atmospheric volatile organic compounds formaldehyde
(HCHO) and glyoxal (CHOCHO) over the Atlantic Ocean. To
validate the spatial distribution of this continental outflow, ship-based
measurements were taken during the Continental Outflow of Pollutants
towards the MArine tRoposphere (COPMAR) project. A Multi-AXis Differential Optical
Absorption Spectrometer (MAX-DOAS) was operated aboard the research vessel
(RV) Maria S. Merian during cruise MSM58/2. This cruise was
conducted in October 2016 from Ponta Delgada (Azores) to Cape Town (South
Africa), crossing between Cabo Verde and the African continent. The
instrument was continuously scanning the horizon, looking towards the African
continent. Enhanced levels of HCHO and CHOCHO were found in the
area of expected outflow during this cruise. The observed spatial gradients
of HCHO and CHOCHO along the cruise track agree with the
spatial distributions from satellite measurements and the Model for OZone and Related chemical Tracers version 4 (MOZART-4) model
simulations. The continental outflow from the African continent is observed
in an elevated layer, higher than 1000 m, and probably originates from
biogenic emissions or biomass burning according to FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model (FLEXPART) emission
sensitivities.
High-resolution underwater laser spectrometer sensing provides new insights into methane distribution at an Arctic seepage site
Authors: Jansson Pär , Triest Jack , Grilli Roberto , Ferré Bénédicte , Silyakova Anna , Mienert Jürgen , Chappellaz Jérôme 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Methane (CH4) in marine sediments has the potential
to contribute to changes in the ocean and climate system. Physical and
biochemical processes that are difficult to quantify with current standard
methods such as acoustic surveys and discrete sampling govern the
distribution of dissolved CH4 in oceans and lakes. Detailed
observations of aquatic CH4 concentrations are required for a better understanding of CH4 dynamics in the water column, how it can affect lake and ocean acidification, the chemosynthetic ecosystem, and mixing ratios of atmospheric climate gases. Here we present pioneering
high-resolution in situ measurements of dissolved CH4 throughout the water column over a 400 m deep CH4 seepage area at the continental slope west of Svalbard. A new fast-response underwater membrane-inlet laser spectrometer sensor demonstrates technological advances and breakthroughs for ocean measurements. We reveal decametre-scale variations in dissolved CH4 concentrations over the CH4 seepage zone. Previous studies could not resolve such heterogeneity in the area, assumed a smoother distribution, and therefore lacked both details on and insights into ongoing processes. We show good repeatability of the instrument measurements, which are also in agreement with discrete sampling. New numerical models, based on acoustically evidenced free gas emissions from the seafloor, support the observed heterogeneity and CH4 inventory. We identified sources of CH4, undetectable with echo sounder, and rapid diffusion of dissolved CH4 away from the sources. Results from the continuous ocean laser-spectrometer measurements, supported by modelling, improve our
understanding of CH4 fluxes and related physical processes over Arctic CH4 degassing regions.
Les archives manuscrites avouent ! Papier d’écriture en Nouvelle-France au XVIIe siècle : usages, usagers et catégories de documents
Authors: Gendron Céline 
Published: August 2019

En dépit de l’absence de production papetière en Nouvelle-France au XVIIesiècle, plusieurs sources révèlent le nombre important de documents produits sur place. Notre recherche doctorale a mis en évidence la provenance du papier d’écriture utilisé à cette époque, comme venant principalement des provinces françaises de l’Angoumois et de l’Auvergne. Notre recherche a aussi mis en évidence trois aspects interreliés au papier d’écriture, à savoir les usages auxquels il est destiné, les usagers qui le consomment ainsi que les diverses catégories de documents qui naissent de son utilisation. Ce papier d’écriture trouve ses usages dans la transcription de toute une série d’activités propres à la colonie naissante. Des usagers multiples – compagnies, administrations ou individus – soutenus par leur ambition personnelle ou le « bien d’autrui » sont engagés dans des activités diverses pour la construction d’une nouvelle colonie. Parmi l’ensemble des activités qui sous-tendent des liens étroits entre le monde atlantique français et le papier au XVIIe siècle, sept retiennent notre attention : la gestion administrative de la métropole et sa colonie nord-américaine ; l’utilisation sous-jacente du papier comme support aux efforts missionnaires ; les procédés utilisés par la classe marchande pour conduire ses affaires ; le nécessaire qui accompagne les explorateurs, les voyageurs et les militaires en déplacement et/ou en poste dans la colonie ; l’administration des communautés religieuses ; les actes notariés qui ponctuent la vie quotidienne ; et la correspondance entre individus. Notre article illustre les caractéristiques professionnelles des personnes engagées dans ces activités, leur rapport avec les usages du papier d’écriture et les catégories de documents ainsi produits. Nos exemples sont choisis à partir du corpus de documents d’archives manuscrites provenant de centres d’archives publics et privés ainsi que des documents manuscrits de la Collection Baby de l’Université de Montréal.
Sortir de la Grande Noirceur grâce aux documents d’archives
Authors: Rouillard Jacques 
Published: August 2019

L’objectif de ce texte est de montrer l’importance de l’acquisition, de la conservation et du classement des documents d’archives pour cerner notre histoire et éviter que le récit historique devienne une construction mythique sans fondement véritable. Les bibliothécaires et les archivistes sont en quelque sorte les gardiens de la mémoire d’une société. Il appartient aux historiens de consulter ces documents pour comprendre et interpréter le passé. Malheureusement, ce n’est pas ce cheminement qui s’est imposé dans la représentation de l’histoire du Québec contemporain qui domine encore notre mémoire collective, selon laquelle le Québec francophone d’avant 1960 est une société monolithique et ultraconservatrice, qui serait entrée de plain-pied dans la modernité à l’occasion de la Révolution tranquille. Cette vision du passé, portée par des intellectuels impatients d’en finir avec le régime de Maurice Duplessis et influencée par une lecture de l’histoire du Québec mise de l’avant par plusieurs sociologues, repose sur une recherche historique très sommaire. Elle est remise en question à partir des années 1970 par des historiens intéressés à l’histoire du Québec récent, dont la formation et la méthodologie les portent à accorder une importance primordiale à la consultation de fonds d’archives. Leurs travaux apportent un nouvel éclairage sur l’histoire du Québec depuis la Confédération. Loin d’être une société figée où règne l’unanimité sociale, il apparaît que le pouvoir clérical est contrebalancé par d’autres forces venant des milieux politiques et syndicaux. Il en ressort l’image d’une société, sans doute distincte, mais aussi diversifiée. C’est ce que l’auteur montre à partir de travaux qu’il a réalisés depuis plus de quarante ans portant sur divers aspects de l’histoire du Québec. La représentation misérabiliste du passé sous le signe de la Grande Noirceur et de l’impuissance est un mythe qui affecte la psychologie collective des Québécois et Québécoises, les porte à rejeter une large portion de leur passé et contribue à ternir leur sens d’identité.
DISCo-microbe: Design of an identifiable synthetic community of microbes
Authors: Carper Dana L , Lawrence Travis J , Carrell Alyssa A , Pelletier Dale A , Weston David J 
Published: August 2019

Background
Microbiomes are extremely important for their host organisms, providing many vital functions and extending their hosts’ phenotypes. Natural studies of host-associated microbiomes can be difficult to interpret due to the high complexity of microbial communities, which hinders our ability to track and identify individual members along with the many factors that structure or perturb those communities. For this reason, researchers have turned to synthetic or constructed communities in which the identities of all members are known. However, due to the lack of tracking methods and the difficulty of creating a more diverse and identifiable community that can be distinguished through next-generation sequencing, most such in vivo studies have used only a few strains.
Results
To address this issue, we developed DISCo-microbe, a program for the design of an identifiable synthetic community of microbes for use in in vivo experimentation. The program is composed of two modules; (1) create, which allows the user to generate a highly diverse community list from an input DNA sequence alignment using a custom nucleotide distance algorithm, and (2) subsample, which subsamples the community list to either represent a number of grouping variables, including taxonomic proportions, or to reach a user-specified maximum number of community members. As an example, we demonstrate the generation of a synthetic microbial community that can be distinguished through amplicon sequencing. The synthetic microbial community in this example consisted of 2340 members from a starting DNA sequence alignment of 10,000 16S rRNA sequences from the Ribosomal Database Project. We then subsampled the community list using taxonomic proportions to mimic a natural plant host–associated microbiome, ultimately yielding a diverse community of 853 members.
Conclusions
DISCo-microbe can create a highly diverse community list of microbes that can be distinguished through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and has the ability to subsample (i.e., design) the community for the desired number of members and taxonomic proportions. Although developed for bacteria, the program allows for any alignment input from any taxonomic group, making it broadly applicable. The software and data are freely available from GitHub (https://github.com/dlcarper/DISCo-microbe) and Python Package Index (PYPI).
The effects of detraining and retraining periods on fat-mass and fat-free mass in elite male soccer players
Authors: Suarez-Arrones Luis , Lara-Lopez Pilar , Maldonado Rafael , Torreno Nacho , De Hoyo Moises , Nakamura Fabio Yuzo , Di Salvo Valter , Mendez-Villanueva Alberto 
Published: August 2019

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of a detraining period (DTP) (i.e., off-season) with an individually prescribed training program, and a retraining period (RTP) (i.e., pre-season) combining soccer and flywheel-based strength training on fat-free mass (FFM) and fat-mass (FM) in 10 elite professional male soccer players. The present study used a controlled repeated-measures research design to investigate the changes in FFM and FM using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Whole body %FM increased (effect size (ES) = 0.87 ± 0.46) and FFM reduced after DTP (ES = −0.30 ± 0.19), returning to values comparable to the end of the previous season after RTP. At regional levels, arms, legs, and trunk %FM increased (ES = from 0.42 to 1.29) while trunk-FFM was reduced (ES = −0.40 ± 0.26) after DTP, returning to the values observed at the end of the previous season after RTP. Legs-FFM did not change after DTP, with a substantial increase after RTP in comparison with pre-season values (ES = 0.34 ± 0.29 and 0.53 ± 0.36 for the right and left leg, respectively). Despite the small sample size of the present study, the findings indicate that elite soccer players can be allowed 2 weeks of rest during a five-week DTP, since the changes in %FM and FFM were relatively small, and FM and FFM returned to the optimal initial values for competition after the proposed RTP during the pre-season.
The effect of mangrove restoration on avian assemblages of a coastal lagoon in southern Mexico
Authors: Canales-Delgadillo Julio Cesar , Perez-Ceballos Rosela , Zaldivar-Jimenez Mario Arturo , Merino-Ibarra Martin , Cardoza Gabriela , Cardoso-Mohedano Jose-Gilberto 
Published: August 2019

Background
Mangrove forests provide many ecosystem services, including the provision of habitat that supports avian biodiversity. However, hurricanes can knock down trees, alter hydrologic connectivity, and affect avian habitat. In 1995, Hurricanes Opal and Roxanne destroyed approximately 1,700 ha of mangrove forest in Laguna de Términos, Mexico. Since then, hydrological restoration has been implemented to protect the mangrove forest and its biodiversity.

Methods
Since avian communities are often considered biological indicators of ecosystem quality, avian diversity and species relative abundance were evaluated as indicators of mangrove restoration success by comparing undisturbed mangrove patches with those affected by the hurricanes. Using bird surveys, similarity analyses, and generalized linear models, we evaluated the effects of water quality variables and forest structure on the relative abundance and diversity of the avian community in disturbed, restored, and undisturbed mangrove patches.

Results
Higher bird species richness and relative abundances were found in disturbed and restored sites compared to the undisturbed site. After restoration, values of frequency of flooding, water temperature, tree density, and the number of tree species were more similar to that of the undisturbed site than to the values of the disturbed one. Such variables influenced the relative abundance of bird guilds in the different habitat conditions. Furthermore, some insectivorous bird species, such as the Yellow Warbler and Tropical Kingbird, were found to be similarly abundant in both undisturbed and restored sites, but absent or very low in occurrence at the disturbed site.

Conclusions
Collectively, our results strongly suggest that hydrologic restoration helps to enhance niche availability for different bird guilds, including water and canopy bird species. Our work can help inform management strategies that benefit avian communities in mangrove forests and wetland systems.
Effect of Selected Oils on Antioxidant and Physicochemical Properties of Breakfast Sausage
Authors: Oshibanjo D. O. , Olusola O. O. , Luka J. S. , Adesope A. I. , Abegunde Lawrence , Gbeffe K. A. , Adeniyi A. K. , Akwashiki M. A. 
Published: August 2019

Aims: The process of degradation converts fatty acid esters of oils into free fatty acids, by reaction with air, moisture and/or other materials. The main cause of rancidity of lipids is the oxidative deterioration of unsaturated fatty acids through a free-radical chain mechanism called lipid peroxidation. The aim of this study seek to evaluate the effect of selected oils on antioxidant and physicochemical properties of breakfast sausage.
Methodology: Breakfast sausage was prepared (g/100 g: beef 65.0, corn flour 10.0, oil 10.0, others 13.0). Lard, was replaced with shea butter, olive oil or groundnut oil in a completely randomized design. Prepared sausages were subjected to iodine values, acid values, saponification values, physicochemical evaluation and oxidative rancidity. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05.
Results: The iodine value was higher in olive oil-based sausages and lowest in lard-based sausages. The acid value was significantly higher in lard-based sausages, having the highest acid value of with least value in no oil-based sausage. The saponification values were higher in the groundnut oil-based breakfast sausage while the least saponification value was recorded in treatment A. Groundnut oil-based breakfast sausage had the highest dimensional shrinkage of 18.52% while olive oil-based breakfast sausages had the least dimensional shrinkage of 8.53%. Breakfast sausages prepared with groundnut oil had the highest cooking loss of 33.22% while the breakfast sausages prepared with olive oil had the lowest cooking loss of 15.69%. The result obtained from this study shows that no oil-based sausages had the highest pH (6.26) while olive oil based sausage had the lowest pH (6.09). The oxidative rancidity was higher in lard-based sausage but lower in olive oil-based sausage.
Conclusion: Lard can be replaced in breakfast sausages with olive oil due to its high antioxidant and physicochemical properties.
Effects of Exchange Rate on Foreign Direct Investment Inflow in Nigeria
Authors: Chikwue Chukwurah, Josephine 
Published: August 2019

Aims: This study examined the place of exchange rate in determining foreign direct investment inflow into the Nigerian economy using time series data from 1980 to 2017.
Study Design: Historical research design method was adopted for the study, it uses secondary sources and a variety of primary documentary evidence.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of economics, faculty of social sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, between September 2010 and May 2018.
Methodology: The method adopted for this study was the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation approach and error correction mechanism within the framework of dynamic OLS (DOLS) estimation. The analysis began with a verification of the unit root properties of the variables. The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Philips-Perron (PP) unit root procedures were employed and both tests indicate that the variables were integrated of either order I(0) or order I(1). This warranted the use of Bounds testing approach in determining the cointegration among the variables in the various equations in the selected countries. Analysis using the Bounds testing approach to cointegration confirmed the existence of long run relation among the variables of the models. In determining the impact of exchange rate on foreign direct investment inflow in Nigeria, we estimated an ARDL model.
Results: The results indicate that exchange rate affects FDI in both the long and short run. The result also reveals that the impact of exchange rate on FDI in the short run continuous up to three periods after the initial disturbance.
Conclusion: This study concluded that exchange rate appreciation will lead to increases in foreign direct investment inflow. The study therefore recommended, amongst others, that government should apply exchange rate regime that is competitive at the international market so as to attract more FDI inflow to the Nigeria economy.
Reliability of Redundant Fault‐Tolerant Systems
Authors: Somani Arun K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractComputer systems are now prevalent due to the progress in the fabrication processes and the development of respective technologies. This progress brings interesting challenges in terms of possible faults occurrence, as the technology produces smaller (geometries) and faster transistors (smaller transition times). A report by NASA, in September 2009, indicates that cosmic ray intensities have increased by 19% above the previously estimated level of intensities. This is due to variation in the solar activity. Recent studies suggest that single‐event upsets and single‐event transients may occur at the ground level. The future architectures thus require built‐in fault tolerance. In this article, we review traditional as well as recent methods to achieve full computing potential of small‐scale technologies effectively. We explore substantial breadth and depth of most foundational concepts, using a variety of illustrations, scenario‐based examples, mathematical analyses and discussions. We envision that future systems will integrate hardware and software mechanisms with minimal performance impact and overhead to manage computations dynamically. We believe future researchers doing both innovative and applied work in these areas will find this article useful.
Load‐modulated Balanced Amplifier
Authors: Quaglia Roberto , Collins David , Powell Jeffrey 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe load‐modulated balanced amplifier (LMBA) is an amplifier architecture that effectively exploits the load‐modulation concept. Other load‐modulated architectures have been used before for the design of power amplifiers (PAs), such as the Doherty amplifier. In particular, in those cases, the load modulation has been used as an efficiency‐enhancement technique in the presence of modulated signals with large amplitude dynamic. The LMBA is a more recent invention and addresses some important limitations of the Doherty amplifiers, above all the limited bandwidth, thanks to the balanced structure that can be intrinsically broadband. This article describes the theoretical basis of the LMBA and identifies the clear differences compared to the Doherty solution when used to improve back‐off efficiency. A guide for the design with real transistors is also provided, and real examples are given. Finally, other possible uses of the LMBA and suggestions for further research are provided.
Reflectionless Filter Topologies
Authors: Morgan Matthew 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReflectionless filters are a class of lumped‐element circuits and transmission‐line topologies which, insofar as the elements are ideal, have identically zero reflection coefficients at all ports and at all frequencies from DC to infinity. Developed in the mid 2010's, they differ from previous first‐ and second‐order constant‐resistance implementations in that complex filter responses of arbitrarily high order may be realized without any excess flat loss in the pass‐band. Such filters find considerable use in systems applications where adjoining components may be sensitive to reactive terminations out‐of‐band. While most components are characterized in the lab with broadband, matched terminations (e.g., ) on all of their ports, this is not always representative of the embedding impedances they will see in real systems. Reflectionless filters provide a means of reproducing the laboratory impedance environment for sensitive components while filtering the frequency spectrum and limiting out‐of‐band interactions between functional blocks. Whereas conventional filters can only block unwanted signals from passing, reflectionless filters remove them from the system by dissipation.