bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast vision‐based autonomous detection of moving cooperative target for unmanned aerial vehicle landing
Authors: Li Zhaoxi , Meng Cai , Zhou Fugen , Ding Xilun , Wang Xueqiang , Zhang Huan , Guo Pin , Meng Xin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe propose a fast and effective method, fast target detection (FTD), to detect the moving cooperative target for the unmanned aerial vehicle landing, and the target is composed of double circles and a cross. The purpose of our strategy is to land on the target. The FTD method needs to detect the target at the high and low heights. At the high height, the target appears completely and stably in the camera field. The FTD method can detect the circle and cross to rapidly reach the target center, named cross and circle–FTD (). To detect the cross, we propose a slope distance equation to obtain the distance between two slopes. The proposed slopes cluster method, based on the distance equation and
K‐means, is used to determine the cross center. At the low height, the target appears incompletely and unstably. Therefore, FTD methods detect only the cross, named cross–FTD (). We extract the cross features (
CFs) based on line segments. Then, four
CFs are combined based on graph theory. Experiments on our four datasets show that FTD has rapid speed and good performance. (Our method is implemented in C++ and is available at https://github.com/Li-Zhaoxi/UAV-Vision-Servo.) On the Mohamed Bin Zayed International Robotics Challenge datasets made we constructed, detects the target from a image approximately per pipeline with
F‐measure and tracks target approximately per pipeline with
F‐measure. detects centers from a image at approximately per image with
F‐measure.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Metal Oxide on Nanocellulose for Enabling Microscopic Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Septevani Athanasia A. , Evans David A. C. , Hosseinmardi Alireza , Martin Darren J. , Simonsen John , Conley John F. , Annamalai Pratheep K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAnalysis of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) at low volume fractions in polymer nanocomposites through conventional electron microscopy still remains a challenge due to insufficient contrast between CNCs and organic polymer matrices. Herein, a methodology for enhancing the contrast of CNC, through atomic layer deposition (ALD) of alumina (Al2O3) on CNCs is demonstrated. The metal oxide coated CNC allows clear visualization by transmission electron microscopy, when they are dispersed in water and polyol. A coating of about 6 ± 1 nm thick alumina layer on the CNC is achieved after 50 ALD cycles. This also enables the characterization of CNC dispersion/orientation (at 0.2 wt% loading) in an amorphous cellular system rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF), using backscattered electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Microscopic analysis of the RPUF with alumina‐coated CNC confirms that the predominant alignment of CNC occurs in a direction parallel to the foam rise.
N2Reduction on Fe‐Based Complexes with Different Supporting Main‐Group Elements: Critical Roles of Anchor and Peripheral Ligands
Authors: Jiang Ya‐Fei , Ma Xue‐Lu , Lu Jun‐Bo , Wang Jia‐Qi , Xiao Hai , Li Jun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDue to the enigmatic existence of the carbon atom in the MoFeS cluster of iron‐molybdenum cofactor (FeMoco), the design of biomimetic model catalysts featuring a dative bond between a transition metal and a main group atom is an important topic for efficient reduction of N2to NH3at ambient conditions. Different anchor atoms (X) for the trigonal bipyramidal (XPiPr3)Fe (X = B, C, N) catalyst scaffold are investigated by theory. The calculations show that from Lewis acidic B anchor to Lewis basic N or P anchor, the molecular orbital energy levels consisting mainly of Fe 3d orbitals are pushed higher, thus causing stronger backdonation bonding with theπ*orbitals of N2, which promotes activation of N2but impedes reduction of N2. The redox‐flexible bonding can act as an electron reservoir and buffer the oxidation state variation of Fe. However, when the FeX bond is less flexible, the peripheral ligands can serve as an extra electron reservoir in the model with Lewis basic anchor. Thus, engineering the peripheral ligand with proper electron‐withdrawing substituent groups can promote reduction of N2. The ability to balance well the electron‐donating ability of anchor and electrophilicity of the peripheral ligand is a promising direction toward novel efficient catalysts for N2fixation.
Synergistic Coupling of Ether Electrolyte and 3D Electrode Enables Titanates with Extraordinary Coulombic Efficiency and Rate Performance for Sodium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Gui Qiuyue , Ba Deliang , Zhao Zhenshuai , Mao Yanfang , Zhu Weihua , Lei Tianyu , Tan Jianfeng , Deng Bohua , Xiao Liang , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Jinping 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSodium‐ion capacitors (SICs) have attracted increasing attention for sustainable energy utilization owing to their low cost and similar intercalation electrochemistry with lithium‐ion capacitors. However, the practical application of SICs is seriously hindered by the low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and limited redox kinetics at the battery electrode side. Herein, taking a layered sodium titanate battery anode as an example, this study reports on the synergistic combination of ether electrolyte and binder‐free array architecture to simultaneously achieve superior ICE and ultrafast Na+ intercalation. The resulting Na2Ti2O5 nanosheet array anode delivers extraordinary ICE (91%), high cycle CE (≈100%), and outstanding rate performance (66% capacity retention at 120 C). The key to the superior performance lies in the synergistic promotion between electrolyte and 3D electrode architecture, which ensures a very thin and stable solid‐electrolyte interphase, largely reduced resistances, and fully accessible interlayers for Na+. Moreover, a SIC device is assembled with an Na2Ti2O5 array anode and a commercial activated carbon cathode, exhibiting high ICEs (80–90%) at various current densities, high energy densities (54.5 Wh kg−1; 17.2 mWh cm−3), and ultralong cycling stability (>10 000 cycles). This work presents an advanced concept for designing high‐CE and high‐rate battery electrodes for a variety of sodium ion energy storage systems.
Does exercise during pregnancy impact on maternal weight gain and fetal cardiac function? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brik M. , Fernández‐Buhigas I. , Martin‐Arias A. , Vargas‐Terrones M. , Barakat R. , Santacruz B. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the association between physical exercise during pregnancy and maternal gestational weight gain and fetal cardiac function.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled trial of women with a singleton pregnancy managed from the first trimester at the Hospital de Torrejón, Madrid, between November 2014 and June 2015. Women were randomized to either follow a supervised physical conditioning program, consisting of a 60‐min session 3 days per week for the duration of pregnancy, or not attend any exercise program (controls). The primary outcome was maternal weight gain during pregnancy. Secondary outcomes included fetal cardiac function parameters evaluated at 20, 28 and 36 weeks' gestation, Cesarean section, preterm delivery, induction of labor and birth weight. A sample size of 45 in each group was planned to detect differences in maternal weight gain of at least 1 kg, with a power of > 80% and α of 0.05.ResultsDuring the study period, 120 women were randomized into the exercise (n = 75) and control (n = 45) groups. Following exclusions, the final cohort consisted of 42 women in the exercise group and 43 in the control group. Baseline characteristics (maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index, parity, conception by in‐vitro fertilization, Caucasian ethnicity, physical exercise prior to pregnancy and smoker) were similar between the two groups. No differences were found between the groups in maternal weight at 20, 28, 36 and 38 weeks' gestation or in weight gain at 38 weeks. However, the proportion of women with weight loss ≥ 9 kg at 6 weeks postpartum was higher in the exercise compared with the control group (68.2% vs 42.8%; relative risk 1.593; P = 0.02). The ductus arteriosus pulsatility index (DA‐PI) at 20 weeks (2.43 ± 0.40 vs 2.26 ± 0.33, P < 0.05) and the ejection fraction (EF) at 36 weeks (0.85 ± 0.13 vs 0.81 ± 0.11, P < 0.05) were higher in the exercise compared with the control group. All other evaluated fetal cardiac function parameters were similar between the two groups.ConclusionsPerforming exercise during pregnancy is not associated with a reduction in maternal weight gain but increases weight loss at 6 weeks postpartum. Physical exercise during pregnancy is associated with increased fetal DA‐PI at 20 weeks and EF at 36 weeks, which could reflect adaptive mechanisms. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Mathematical modeling of circadian rhythms
Authors: Asgari‐Targhi Ameneh , Klerman Elizabeth B. 
Published: October 2018

Circadian rhythms are endogenous ~24‐hr oscillations usually entrained to daily environmental cycles of light/dark. Many biological processes and physiological functions including mammalian body temperature, the cell cycle, sleep/wake cycles, neurobehavioral performance, and a wide range of diseases including metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychiatric disorders are impacted by these rhythms. Circadian clocks are present within individual cells and at tissue and organismal levels as emergent properties from the interaction of cellular oscillators. Mathematical models of circadian rhythms have been proposed to provide a better understanding of and to predict aspects of this complex physiological system. These models can be used to: (a) manipulate the system in silico with specificity that cannot be easily achieved using in vivo and in vitro experimental methods and at lower cost, (b) resolve apparently contradictory empirical results, (c) generate hypotheses, (d) design new experiments, and (e) to design interventions for altering circadian rhythms. Mathematical models differ in structure, the underlying assumptions, the number of parameters and variables, and constraints on variables. Models representing circadian rhythms at different physiologic scales and in different species are reviewed to promote understanding of these models and facilitate their use.This article is categorized under:

Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models
The significance of beam steering on laser-induced incandescence measurements in laminar counterflow flames
Authors: Kruse S. , Medwell P. R. , Beeckmann J. , Pitsch H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBeam steering is often encountered in laser diagnostic measurements, especially in flame environments, due to changes in refractive index caused by thermal and species gradients. It can negatively affect the accuracy of the results. In this work, the effects of beam steering on laser-induced incandescence (LII) measurements of pre-vaporized-liquid counterflow flames are assessed. The focus on counterflow flames is to facilitate future detailed experimental campaigns on one-dimensional nonpremixed sooty flames. It is found that the temperature and species gradients in the counterflow configuration have a much more significant impact on the beam profile than in laminar flat flames, especially for heavier fuels. As a result of the changes in the beam profile, for the same applied laser energy, the local fluence shifts markedly with fuel type, therefore, having a direct impact on the LII measurements. A procedure is developed for ensuring accurate measurements and it is shown that, for a specific fuel, it is possible to tailor the laser energy, such that the collected LII signal in the counterflow flames is nearly independent of beam-steering effects.
X-chromosomale Intelligenzminderung
Authors: Tzschach Andreas 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
X-chromosomale Intelligenzminderung („X-linked intellectual disability“, XLID) ist eine heterogene Krankheitsgruppe; inzwischen sind mehr als 100 XLID-Gene identifiziert worden. Das Fragile-X-Syndrom mit CGG-Repeatexpansion in der 5’-UTR des FMR1-Gens ist die häufigste monogene Ursache für Intelligenzminderung. Weitere X‑chromosomale Gene mit vergleichsweise hohen Mutationsprävalenzen sind ATRX, RPS6KA3, GPC3, SLC16A2, SLC6A8 und ARX. Die Ursachen für XLID verteilen sich zu ca. 90 % auf molekulargenetisch nachweisbare Mutationen und zu ca. 10 % auf chromosomale Kopienzahlvarianten („copy-number variants“, CNVs). Häufige CNVs sind Duplikationen in Xq28 unter Einschluss von MECP2 sowie das Xp11.22-Duplikations-Syndrom mit Überexpression von HUWE1. Mit den aktuellen Untersuchungsmethoden kann bei ca. 10 % der männlichen Patienten mit Intelligenzminderung eine X‑chromosomale Ursache nachgewiesen werden. Neue Erkenntnisse zu XLID sind für die nächsten Jahre am ehesten in den nicht kodierenden Regionen zu erwarten, wo wahrscheinlich ein weiterer Teil der Ursachen für das bislang nicht vollständig erklärte Überwiegen männlicher Patienten zu suchen ist.
Basites of the Vilyui paleorift: geochemistry and sequence of intrusive events
Authors: Tomshin M.D. , Kopylova A.G. , Konstantinov K.M. , Gogoleva S.S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We present results of study of the basites of the Vilyui paleorift. Their 40Ar/39Ar isotopic ages were used to establish the sequence of their intrusion, which lasted ~ 18 Myr. Dolerite sills of the Kontai–Dzherba zone were the first crystallizing phase (378.0–380.7 Ma), which was followed by the intrusion of dikes of the Vilyui–Markha zone (372–373 Ma). Dikes of the Chara–Sinsk zone were the last crystalizing phase (362–364 Ma). The prolonged plume–lithosphere interaction resulted in the successive enrichment of basaltic melt with titanium, phosphorus, REE, HSFE, and LILE. Accumulation of the melt and formation of a magmatic lens at the crust-mantle boundary led to early crystallization of the melt at a depth of 35–40 km from the paleosurface under reducing conditions at a temperature of 1450–1470 °C. We assume that the inception and sequent opening of the Vilyui paleorift were associated with the relative rotation of 22° of the Angara–Anabar block with respect to the Aldan block in Early Famennian time. The Euler pole of rotation was located in the southern part of the paleorift, and a melting zone was directly beneath it.
Prospects of search for diamondiferous kimberlites in the northeastern Siberian Platform
Authors: Sobolev N.V. , Sobolev A.V. , Tomilenko A.A. , Kuz’min D.V. , Grakhanov S.A. , Batanova V.G. , Logvinova A.M. , Bul’bak T.A. , Kostrovitskii S.I. , Yakovlev D.A. , Fedorova E.N. , Anastasenko G.F. , Nikolenko E.I. , Tolstov A.V. , Reutskii V.N. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The objects of study are Triassic hypabyssal diamondiferous kimberlites with an age of 220–245 Ma, containing macrocrysts of unaltered olivine. The latter are close in the time of formation to the main stage of intrusion of the Siberian Trap Province (252 Ma), which lasted less than 1 Myr. A comparative high-precision analytical study of the Ti, Ca, Cr, and Al impurity patterns in about 1000 olivine macrocryst samples with a forsterite content Fo = (100Mg/(Mg + Fe)) of 78 to 93 has demonstrated the effect of traps on the lithospheric composition. A comprehensive comparative study of diamonds from northern placers and Triassic kimberlites, including determination of their carbon isotope composition, was performed. Chromatography–mass-spectroscopic analysis of submicron fluid inclusions in diamonds from northern placers and kimberlites has shown predominant hydrocarbons of a wide range of compositions and subordinate contents of N2, H2O, and CO2. These findings, together with the results of previous studies of subcalcic Cr-pyropes and diamonds found in the Lower Carboniferous gritstones of the Kyutyungde graben, lead to the conclusion that the Toluopka kimberlite field is promising for Paleozoic kimberlites. The results of comprehensive studies of diamonds and indicator minerals and U/Pb isotope dating of numerous detrital zircon samples from the basal horizon of the Carnian Stage (Upper Triassic) of the Bulkur site in the lower reaches of the Lena River suggest the presence of diamondiferous kimberlites within the northeastern Siberian Platform. The age of the probable primary diamond sources in the study area can be evaluated by an integrated U/Pb isotope dating of zircons, perovskites, and rutiles from the developed diamond placers and the basal horizon of the Carnian Stage.
Clinico‐pathological profile and comparative study of conservative versus surgical deroofing as an effective technique in management of pseudocyst of pinna
Authors: Cader Segana Hasan Abdul , Shah Fahim Ahmed , Reghunandanan Nair S.K.G. 
Published: October 2018

Background and objectivesAn auricular pseudocyst is not uncommon in routine ENT clinical practice, it occurs when fluid accumulates between the intracartilaginous spaces of the auricle. Many treatment modalities have been proposed such as incision and drainage of the cyst, simple needle aspiration, tight bandaging with dental rolls, however recurrence and cosmetic problems are still noted in some cases. The aim of this article was to discuss our experience of surgical treatment of intractable auricular pseudocysts with marsupialisation, deroofing and anterior cartilage leaflet removal along with compression suture therapy.Materials and methodsTwenty patients were included in the study conducted at ENT department, Sur Ministry of Health Hospital between January 2012 and January 2014 after prior consent and ethical approval. Those following trauma and other pinna conditions like relapsing polychondritis were excluded from our study. The clinical appearances were noted and all patients underwent surgical deroofing with removal of anterior cartilage leaflet and compression suture therapy using buttons for two weeks.Results and observationsThere were 8 males and 12 females out of the 20 and right sided pinna (n = 14) involvement in the region of the scaphoid fossa (n = 12) was more than the triangular fossa (n = 3) or conchal bowl involvement (n = 5). Mostly patients between 30 and 40 years of age were affected (Mean age of 37 years and standard deviation of 8). The overall success rate with deroofing and compression suture therapy was 98%.ConclusionsAuricular pseudocysts are not an uncommon condition affecting middle aged patients without identifiable etiology. Conservative modalities may be the first choice of treatment for auricular pseudocysts although varied recurrence and failure rates have been published in the literature. However, the deroofing surgical technique with anterior cartilage leaflet removal with compression suture therapy is a reliable and easy procedure which can achieve an acceptable appearance of the pinna without recurrence when conservative management fails or is refused by the patient.
Human Rights in War: On the Entangled Foundations of the 1949 Geneva Conventions
Authors: van Dijk Boyd 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe relationship between human rights and humanitarian law is one of the most contentious topics in the history of international law. Most scholars studying their foundations argue that these two fields of law developed separately until the 1960s. This article, by contrast, reveals a much earlier cross-fertilization between these disciplines. It shows how “human rights thinking” played a critical generative role in transforming humanitarian law, thereby creating important legacies for today's understandings of international law in armed conflict.
Vegetation phenology in Greenland and links to cryospheric change
Authors: Thompson Jeffery A. , Koenig Lora S. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTRecent greening of vegetation across the Arctic is associated with warming temperatures, hydrologic change and shorter snow-covered periods. Here we investigated trends for a subset of arctic vegetation on the island of Greenland. Vegetation in Greenland is unique due to its close proximity to the Greenland Ice Sheet and its proportionally large connection to the Greenlandic population through the hunting of grazing animals. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not longer snow-free periods (SFPs) were causing Greenlandic vegetation to dry out and become less productive. If vegetation was drying out, a subsequent aim of the study was to determine how widespread the drying was across Greenland. We utilized a 15-year time-series obtained by the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to analyze the Greenland vegetation by deriving descriptors corresponding with the SFP, the number of cumulative growing degree-days and the time-integrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. While the productivity of most vegetated areas increased in response to longer growing periods, there were localized regions that exhibited signs consistent with the drying hypothesis. In these areas, vegetation productivity decreased in response to longer SFPs and more accumulated growing degree-days.
TIME, SPACE, AND SKILLS IN DESIGNING MIGRATION POLICY
Authors: Burzyński Michał 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a multi-country model of international migration in which college-educated workers choose destination countries, preferred types of visas, and the optimal durations of stay. In this framework, I investigate the global implications of further development of the European Union (EU) program of preferential temporary visas for the highly skilled immigrants and compare them to the effects of income tax allowances for medium-term, college-educated, foreign workers. The two counterfactuals indicate a significant rise in the yearly inflows and total stocks of college-educated immigrants into the EU. The outcomes of the former policy are driven by a “visa-substitution” effect within the group of current migrants, while the latter scenario results in an increase in the pool of international migrants. Both policies induce a “destination–substitution” effect: losses of skilled migrants by non-EU states, which is reinforced by multilateral resistance to migration that is micro-founded in the model.
Amenability and unique ergodicity of automorphism groups of countable homogeneous directed graphs
Authors: PAWLIUK MICHEAL , SOKIĆ MIODRAG 
Published: October 2018

We study the automorphism groups of countable homogeneous directed graphs (and some additional homogeneous structures) from the point of view of topological dynamics. We determine precisely which of these automorphism groups are amenable (in their natural topologies). For those which are amenable, we determine whether they are uniquely ergodic, leaving unsettled precisely one case (the ‘semi-generic’ complete multipartite directed graph). We also consider the Hrushovski property. For most of our results we use the various techniques of Angelet al[Random orderings and unique ergodicity of automorphism groups.J. Eur. Math. Soc.,16(2014), 2059–2095], suitably generalized to a context in which the universal minimal flow is not necessarily the space of all orders. Negative results concerning amenability rely on constructions of the type considered in Zucker [Amenability and unique ergodicity of automorphism groups of Fraïssé structures.Fund. Math.,226(2014), 41–61]. An additional class of structures (compositions) may be handled directly on the basis of very general principles. The starting point in all cases is the determination of the universal minimal flow for the automorphism group, which in the context of countable homogeneous directed graphs is given in Jasińskiet al[Ramsey precompact expansions of homogeneous directed graphs.Electron. J. Combin.,21(4), (2014), 31] and the papers cited therein.