bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of On‐Line Hemodiafiltration, Vegetarian Diet, and Urine Volume on Advanced Glycosylation End Products Measured by Changes in Skin Auto‐Fluorescence
Authors: Nongnuch Arkom , Davenport Andrew 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIncreasing urea clearance by hemodialysis (HD) has not improved patient survival. Hemodiafiltration (HDF) has been reported to reduce cardiovascular mortality. HDF increases middle sized solute clearances. Advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. We wished to determine whether HDF reduces AGEs. Skin auto‐fluorescence (SAF) measures circulating AGEs deposited in the skin. We compared SAF measurements 12 months apart in high flux HD and HDF patients. At enrollment SAF was not different (HD 3.34 ± 0.71 vs. HDF 3.48 ± 1.05 AU). At seven months after completion of SAF measurement, one hemodiafiltration center returned to hemodialysis, and one hemodialysis center converted to hemodiafiltration. In the 66 patients treated solely by high flux HD, SAF increased (3.36 ± 0.71 to 3.82 ± 0.88 AU, P < 0.001), whereas there was no change for 47 exclusively treated by HDF (3.45 ± 1.13 to 3.44 ± 0.85 AU, P > 0.9). SAF increased in 34 patients switching from HDF to high flux HD (3.52 ± 0.94 vs. 3.88 ± 1.05, P < 0.05), with no significant change for 33 patients converting from high flux HD to HDF (3.32 ± 0.72 to 3.48 ± 1.07 AU, P > 0.3). On multivariate analysis, SAF was associated with older age (β coefficient 0.013, P = 0.002), prescription of insulin (β 0.29, P = 0.016), lanthanum (β 0.36, P = 0.004), and warfarin (β 0.62, P = 0.012), whereas vegetarian diet and > 250 mL/day residual urine volume were negatively associated with SAF (β −0.58, P = 0.002 and β −0.26, P = 0.033 respectively). Residual urine output and vegetarian diet were associated with lower AGE deposition. Whereas SAF increased over time in patients treated with high flux HD, there was no statistical change in SAF in those exclusively treated by HDF.
Health‐related quality of life and peer relationships in adolescents with developmental coordination disorder and attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Dewey Deborah , Volkovinskaia Anna 
Published: April 2018

AimHealth‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and peer relationships were investigated in adolescents with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodAdolescents with DCD (n=9), ADHD (n=9), DCD and ADHD (n=10), and typically developing adolescents (n=16) completed the following questionnaires: KIDSCREEN‐52 Health‐Related Quality of Life Questionnaire and Peer Relations Questionnaire for Children. Twenty‐five participants took part in semi‐structured interviews.ResultsAdolescents with DCD and ADHD had lower HRQoL on the mood and emotions, school environment, and financial resources scales of the KIDSCREEN‐52 than adolescents in the DCD and typically developing groups (all p<0.05). On the Peer Relations Questionnaire for Children, the DCD and ADHD group reported significantly higher victimization compared with those in the typically developing (p=0.030) and DCD (p=0.010) groups. Qualitative interviews among young people with DCD and ADHD revealed feelings of marginalization and victimization. Descriptors such as ‘misfits’, ‘oddballs’, ‘weird’, and ‘the rejects’ were used to describe themselves.InterpretationHRQoL and peer relationships are negatively affected in adolescents with DCD and ADHD.What this paper adds?

Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) do not display poorer overall health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) versus typically developing controls.

Having DCD and attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was associated with poorer HRQoL.

Adolescents with DCD and ADHD experience significantly higher levels of peer victimization than typically developing adolescents.

HRQoL and peer relationships are significantly associated in adolescent respondents.
Feeding environment and other traits shape species’ roles in marine food webs
Authors: Cirtwill Alyssa R. , Eklöf Anna 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFood webs and meso‐scale motifs allow us to understand the structure of ecological communities and define species’ roles within them. This species‐level perspective on networks permits tests for relationships between species’ traits and their patterns of direct and indirect interactions. Such relationships could allow us to predict food‐web structure based on more easily obtained trait information. Here, we calculated the roles of species (as vectors of motif position frequencies) in six well‐resolved marine food webs and identified the motif positions associated with the greatest variation in species’ roles. We then tested whether the frequencies of these positions varied with species’ traits. Despite the coarse‐grained traits we used, our approach identified several strong associations between traits and motifs. Feeding environment was a key trait in our models and may shape species’ roles by affecting encounter probabilities. Incorporating environment into future food‐web models may improve predictions of an unknown network structure.
Basin‐scale environmental water delivery in the Murray–Darling, Australia: A hydrological perspective
Authors: Stewardson Michael J. , Guarino Fiorenzo 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

A major outstanding challenge for environmental flow management is to move from a single site, reach or river focus to planning and delivering environmental flows across entire river basins. There is a need for case studies of basin‐scale environmental water delivery as a first step in understanding and eventually generalising basin‐scale responses.

The Commonwealth Environmental Water Holder manages a portfolio of water entitlements for protecting and restoring aquatic ecosystems of the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB). This article describes the strategies used by the water holder and the hydrological outcomes of their basin‐scale environmental water delivery program.

There are five delivery strategies used to enhance benefits achieved with available environmental water. Although the volume of commonwealth environmental water is small relative to mean catchment inflows, improvements in baseflows and freshes are seen across the MDB. Water was also successfully delivered into floodplain wetlands.

The case study provides a successful example of implementing a basin‐scale program for environmental water delivery. However, there remains a great need to improve the knowledge, governance and planning tools for managing environmental water for a broad range of ecological demands that operate at the basin‐scale.
Streams in an uninhabited watershed have predictably different thermal sensitivities to variable summer air temperatures
Authors: Culler Lauren E. , Wood Zachary T. , Diaz Jimena , Fey Samuel B. , Timmins Dianne , Ayres Matthew P. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Warming temperatures from climate change are altering the distributions and abundances of many species. Aquatic organisms, however, may be buffered from the immediate impacts of air temperature change due to the thermal inertia of water. The extent of this buffering in freshwater ecosystems will determine the fate and possible management strategies for many ecologically and economically important species.

Using 11 years of air and stream temperature data collected from an uninhabited New Hampshire watershed, we investigated the relationship between air and water temperature change throughout the summer months. Maximum daily stream temperatures during the summer months are known to influence the distribution and phenology of aquatic organisms. As such, we built a predictive model of maximum daily stream temperature as a function of air temperature change, discharge and stream order.

Diurnal changes in stream temperatures and changes in stream temperature through the summer consistently lagged changes in air temperature, and deviations in daily air temperatures from seasonally predicted means were a strong driver of water temperatures. A mean increase in residual air temperature over the past 5 days of 1.0°C corresponded to a 0.5–0.8°C increase in maximum daily stream temperature. Smaller, headwater streams were colder and less sensitive to changes in air temperature.

Although stream temperatures did not increase as much as air temperatures, our results suggest that even small increases in water temperatures will extend the duration of physiologically stressful conditions for biota in this watershed. Thus, preserving thermal heterogeneity and unrestricted access to thermal refuges may be key for species’ persistence. We encourage continued use of monitoring data to document within‐stream and within‐watershed thermal heterogeneity and to generate stream temperature models. These tools will be key for developing management strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on streams and their biota.
The Successful Transition to a Knowledge‐Based Development Path of a Less‐Developed Region
Authors: Wojnicka‐Sycz Elżbieta 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper presents the case of a less‐developed EU region—the Pomeranian region of Poland—that is, an example of the successful transformation from a command to market economy and the creation of a new knowledge‐based development path thanks to the upgrading of its innovation model. This successful transformation was based, in part, on the region's specific innovation policy and the activities of pro‐innovative institutions; however, other factors were also important such as the diversified structure of the region's economy. New knowledge‐based industries have developed in the region, while the potential of traditional industries that have gone through a restructuring, has been maintained. The factors that existed prior to the innovation model's transformation included such aspects as the high quality of human and social capital, a strong academic center, a high quality of life, and an open economy and society. Supply factors in the form of qualified personnel were crucial for the growth of employment in new industries and R&D that determined the improvement of the regional GDP per capita. Moreover, the transition to a knowledge‐based economy stimulated an increase in the concentration of population in the metropolitan area of Tri‐City.
Validation of multivariable models for predicting tooth loss in periodontitis patients
Authors: Schwendicke Falk , Schmietendorf Elisa , Plaumann Anna , Sälzer Sonja , Dörfer Christof E. , Graetz Christian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesA large number of multivariable models which associate independent variables with the outcome tooth loss exist. Directly or indirectly, these make predictions as to the relative risk of tooth loss. We aimed to validate six of these prediction models.MethodsWe applied each model, if needed after adaptions, in a cohort of 301 compliant periodontitis patients who had been under supportive periodontal treatment (SPT) in a university setting over 21.7 ± 5.6 years. The models employed a range of tooth‐level and patient‐level parameters. Model accuracy, that is, the ability to rightly predict tooth loss during SPT using baseline parameters, was investigated by the area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve (AUC).ResultsMost models showed low accuracy (AUC ranged between 0.52 and 0.67). The classification model from Avila et al. (2009) Journal of Periodontology, 80, 476–491, expressing the risk of tooth loss in five grades, was most accurate (mean AUC: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.65/0.69). When applying this model, the risk of false‐positively predicting tooth loss was high, except when the highest grade (i.e. a tooth being considered as having a hopeless prognosis) was used. In this case, the specificity was 84% and the sensitivity 46%.ConclusionsPredicting tooth loss in this specific cohort of periodontitis patients was only limitedly possible.
Confession and the Anthropology of Forgiveness: Reflections on Colombia's Processes of Transitional Justice
Authors: Bartel Rebecca C. 
Published: April 2018

ResumenMichel Foucault propusó que la confesión Cristiana produce la verdad, y se ha vuelto la disciplina del ser moderna por excelencia. Sin embargo, en trabajo antropológico que considera la confesión, el perdón en relación diádica con relaciones hegemónicas de poder ha recibido poca atención. Con un énfasis sorprendentamente no problematizada en el confessor, el análisis del efecto que tiene la confesión de crímenes sobre las personas que han sido las víctimas de dichos crímenes ha sido ignorado; sobre todo el efecto sobre quienes que tienen que perdonar. Ese tema es especialmente complicado en procesos de justicia transicional, como fue el proceso de Justicia y Paz con las AUC (2004–2008), y el proceso de paz con la FARC (2012–2016), en Colombia. Este artículo pone en primera plano el trabajo que sirve la práctica del perdón como una práctica de auto‐cultivo y como un objeto de estudio antropológico. El enfoque está en el perdón como una confesión de fe y una técnica de disciplina. [Colombia, conflicto, derecho, derechos humanos, perdón, política, religión]
Susceptibility of A. fumigatus‐specific T‐cell assays to pre‐analytic blood storage and PBMC cryopreservation greatly depends on readout platform and analytes
Authors: Lauruschkat Chris D. , Wurster Sebastian , Page Lukas , Lazariotou Maria , Dragan Mariola , Weis Philipp , Ullmann Andrew J. , Einsele Hermann , Löffler Jürgen 
Published: April 2018

SummaryMould‐specific T cells detectable by flow cytometry or ELISPOT were proposed as a novel biomarker in invasive aspergillosis. To define protocols facilitating sample shipment and longitudinal analysis, this study evaluated the susceptibility of different functional assays for A. fumigatus‐specific T‐cell quantification and characterisation to pre‐analytic delays. PBMCs from 6 healthy donors were analysed after immediate isolation, after 6 hours whole blood storage or after cryopreservation using 3 different common media. Functional responses to A. fumigatus lysate stimulation were comparatively assessed by flow cytometry, ELISPOT and 14‐plex cytokine assay. After 6 hours pre‐analytic storage, all functional assays showed reduced detection rates, higher coefficients of variation (CV) and widely varying individual recovery indices of specific T‐cell response. While cryopreservation resulted in sufficient yields and largely unaltered cellular composition, outcomes of functional readouts significantly differed from freshly processed samples. For CD154‐based flow cytometry, only cryopreservation in RPMI supplemented with autologous serum resulted in satisfactory detection rates and CVs. For ELISPOT and cytokine secretion assays, none of the cryopreservation protocols provided sufficient concordance with immediately processed samples. Even using the same readout platform, individual analytes widely varied in their susceptibility to cryopreservation, highlighting that distinct optimisation is required depending on the downstream assay.
Examining Perceptions of Teammates’ Burnout and Training Hours in Athlete Burnout
Authors: Appleby Ralph , Davis Paul , Davis Louise , Gustafsson Henrik 
Published: April 2018

Perceptions of teammates and training load have been shown to influence athletes’ physical and psychological health; however, limited research has investigated these factors in relation to burnout. Athletes (N = 140) from a variety of competitive team sports, ranging in level from regional to professional, completed questionnaires measuring individual burnout, perceptions of teammates’ burnout, and training hours per week on two occasions separated by three months. After controlling for burnout at time one, training hours were associated with athletes’ burnout and perceptions of teammates’ burnout at time two. Multilevel modeling indicated actual team burnout (i.e., the average burnout score of the individual athletes in a team) and perceived team burnout were associated with individual’s own burnout. The findings highlight that burnout is dynamic and relates to physiological stressors associated with training and psychological perceptions of teammates’ burnout. Future research directions exploring potential social influences on athlete burnout are presented.
Determining the Initial Predictive Validity of the Lifelong Physical Activity Skills Battery
Authors: Hulteen Ryan M. , Barnett Lisa M. , Morgan Philip J. , Robinson Leah E. , Barton Christian J. , Wrotniak Brian H. , Lubans David R. 
Published: April 2018

Participation in lifelong physical activities, such as yoga, golf, tennis, or running, are common endeavors in adolescence and adulthood. However, there is a lack of understanding of how competent individuals are in the skills needed for these activities and how competency in these skills relates to physical activity and fitness. This study aimed to determine the initial predictive validity of the Lifelong Physical Activity Skills Battery related to physical activity and health-related fitness. One-hundred and nine adolescents from four schools (55 males, 54 females; Mage = 15.82 years, SD = 0.37 years) completed: demographic information (survey), height (stadiometer), weight (digital scale), motor skill assessment (jog, grapevine, squat, push-up, upward dog, warrior one, tennis forehand, golf swing), health-related fitness (standing long jump, back-saver sit and reach, 3-min submaximal step test, 90° push-up test), and physical activity (GENEActiv accelerometers). Correlations and multiple regression models were conducted in SPSS version 24.0. Motor competence was associated with muscular fitness (standing long jump, β = 0.24, p = .002; push-ups, β = 0.42, p < .001), cardiorespiratory fitness (β = 0.21, p = .031), and flexibility (β = 0.23, p = .025), but not physical activity (β = 0.17, p = .154) or body mass index (β = −0.05, p = .622). Motor competence has a stronger association with health-related fitness parameters rather than physical activity.
Human GUCY2C-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-Expressing T Cells Eliminate Colorectal Cancer Metastases
Authors: Magee Michael S. , Abraham Tara S. , Baybutt Trevor R. , Flickinger John C. , Ridge Natalie A. , Marszalowicz Glen P. , Prajapati Priyanka , Hersperger Adam R. , Waldman Scott A. , Snook Adam E. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
One major hurdle to the success of adoptive T-cell therapy is the identification of antigens that permit effective targeting of tumors in the absence of toxicities to essential organs. Previous work has demonstrated that T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T cells) targeting the murine homolog of the colorectal cancer antigen GUCY2C treat established colorectal cancer metastases, without toxicity to the normal GUCY2C-expressing intestinal epithelium, reflecting structural compartmentalization of endogenous GUCY2C to apical membranes comprising the intestinal lumen. Here, we examined the utility of a human-specific, GUCY2C-directed single-chain variable fragment as the basis for a CAR construct targeting human GUCY2C-expressing metastases. Human GUCY2C-targeted murine CAR-T cells promoted antigen-dependent T-cell activation quantified by activation marker upregulation, cytokine production, and killing of GUCY2C-expressing, but not GUCY2C-deficient, cancer cells in vitro. GUCY2C CAR-T cells provided long-term protection against lung metastases of murine colorectal cancer cells engineered to express human GUCY2C in a syngeneic mouse model. GUCY2C murine CAR-T cells recognized and killed human colorectal cancer cells endogenously expressing GUCY2C, providing durable survival in a human xenograft model in immunodeficient mice. Thus, we have identified a human GUCY2C-specific CAR-T cell therapy approach that may be developed for the treatment of GUCY2C-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(5); 509–16. ©2018 AACR.
The Finite-Amplitude Evolution of Mixed Kelvin–Rossby Wave Instability and Equatorial Superrotation in a Shallow-Water Model and an Idealized GCM
Authors: Zurita-Gotor Pablo , Held Isaac M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
An instability involving the resonant interaction of a Rossby wave and a Kelvin wave has been proposed to drive equatorial superrotation in planetary atmospheres with a substantially smaller radius or a smaller rotation rate than Earth, that is, with a large thermal Rossby number. To pursue this idea, this paper investigates the equilibration mechanism of Kelvin–Rossby instability by simulating the unforced initial-value problem in a shallow-water model and in a multilevel primitive equation model. Although the instability produces equatorward momentum fluxes in both models, only the multilevel model is found to superrotate. It is argued that the shortcoming of the shallow-water model is due to its difficulty in representing Kelvin wave breaking and dissipation, which is crucial for accelerating the flow in the tropics. In the absence of dissipation, the zonal momentum fluxed into the tropics is contained in the eddy contribution to the mass-weighted zonal wind rather than the zonal-mean zonal flow itself. In the shallow-water model, the zonal-mean zonal flow is only changed by the eddy potential vorticity flux, which is very small in our flow in the tropics and can only decelerate the flow in the absence of external vorticity stirring.
The enigma of monosomy 7
Authors: Inaba Toshiya , Honda Hiroaki , Matsui Hirotaka 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Since a report of some 50 years ago describing refractory anemia associated with group C monosomy, monosomy 7 (−7) and interstitial deletions of chromosome 7 (del(7q)) have been established as one of the most frequent chromosomal aberrations found in essentially all types of myeloid tumors regardless of patient age and disease etiology. In the last century, researchers sought recessive myeloid tumor-suppressor genes by attempting to determine commonly deleted regions (CDRs) in del(7q) patients. However, these efforts were not successful. Today, tumor suppressors located in 7q are believed to act in a haploinsufficient fashion, and powerful new technologies such as microarray comparative genomic hybridization and high-throughput sequencing allow comprehensive searches throughout the genes encoded on 7q. Among those proposed as promising candidates, 4 have been validated by gene targeting in mouse models. SAMD9 (sterile α motif domain 9) and SAMD9L (SAMD9-like) encode related endosomal proteins, mutations of which cause hereditary diseases with strong propensity to infantile myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) harboring monosomy 7. Because MDS develops in SAMD9L-deficient mice over their lifetime, SAMD9/SAMD9L are likely responsible for sporadic MDS with −7/del(7q) as the sole anomaly. EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) and MLL3 (mixed lineage leukemia 3) encode histone-modifying enzymes; loss-of-function mutations of these are detected in some myeloid tumors at high frequencies. In contrast to SAMD9/SAMD9L, loss of EZH2 or MLL3 likely contributes to myeloid tumorigenesis in cooperation with additional specific gene alterations such as of TET2 or genes involved in the p53/Ras pathway, respectively. Distinctive roles with different significance of the loss of multiple responsible genes render the complex nature of myeloid tumors carrying −7/del(7q).