bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Pain Management for Cesarean Delivery: A Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hadley Emily E. , Monsivais Luis , Pacheco Lucia , Babazade Rovnat , Chiossi Giuseppe , Ramirez Yara , Ellis Viviana , Simon Michelle , Saade George R. , Costantine Maged 
Published: March 2019

Objective Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative multimodal pain management in reducing opioid use after elective cesarean delivery (CD).
Study Design A single-center, double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial of women undergoing elective CD. Participants were allocated 1:1 to receive the multimodal protocol or matching placebos. The multimodal protocol consisted of a preoperative dose of intravenous acetaminophen, preincision injection of subcutaneous bupivacaine, and intraoperative injection of intramuscular ketorolac. Primary outcome was total opioid intake at 48 hours postoperatively. Secondary outcomes were pain scores, time to first opioid intake, neonatal outcomes, and total outpatient opioid intake on postoperative day (POD) 7. Data were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric tests and quantile regression as appropriate.
Results A total of 242 women were screened with 120 randomized, 60 to the multimodal group and 60 to control group. There was no significant difference in the primary outcome of opioid use nor in the secondary outcomes. Smokers and patients with a history of drug use had higher median postoperative opiate use and earlier administration. On POD 7, only 40% of prescribed opioids had been used, and there was no difference between the groups.
Conclusion This perioperative multimodal pain regimen did not reduce opioid use in 48 hours after CD. Patients who smoke or with a history of drug use required more opioids in the postoperative period. Providers significantly overprescribed opioids after CD.
Theory of mechanochemical patterning in biphasic biological tissues
Authors: Recho Pierre , Hallou Adrien , Hannezo Edouard 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Pattern formation is a central question in developmental biology. Alan Turing proposed that this could be achieved by a diffusion-driven instability in a monophasic system consisting of two reacting chemicals. In this paper, we extend Turing’s work to a more realistic mechanochemical model of multicellular tissue, modeling also its biphasic and mechanical properties. Overcoming limitations of conventional reaction–diffusion models, we show that mechanochemical couplings between morphogen concentrations and extracellular fluid flows provide alternative, non-Turing, mechanisms by which tissues can form robust spatial patterns.
Neural crest-derived neurons invade the ovary but not the testis during mouse gonad development
Authors: McKey Jennifer , Bunce Corey , Batchvarov Iordan S. , Ornitz David M. , Capel Blanche 
Published: March 2019

Significance
This study investigates the sexually dimorphic development of innervation in mouse gonads. Neural crest-derived neurons invade the dorsal surface of the mouse ovary during embryonic development and give rise to a neural network, whereas in males, innervation is restricted to the surface of the testis. We propose a molecular mechanism regulating sexual dimorphism in this aspect of gonad development. Growing evidence indicates that neural crest cells can instruct patterning of their target organs during development, independently of their role in the adult organ. The structure and developmental timeline of male and female innervation established in this study lay the groundwork for characterization of functional interactions between neural and other cell types during gonad and duct patterning.
HDAC11 regulates type I interferon signaling through defatty-acylation of SHMT2
Authors: Cao Ji , Sun Lei , Aramsangtienchai Pornpun , Spiegelman Nicole A. , Zhang Xiaoyu , Huang Weishan , Seto Edward , Lin Hening 
Published: March 2019

Significance
HDAC11 is the only class IV member of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family, and very little is known about its biological function. The work here reveals its efficient and physiologically relevant activity. The regulation of SHMT2 and interferon signaling expands the known biological function of protein lysine fatty acylation, which has only recently started to be appreciated. Furthermore, a compelling molecular mechanism is proposed to connect HDAC11 to immune response. The finding opens exciting opportunities to develop HDAC11-specific inhibitors to treat human diseases that would benefit from increased type I interferon signaling, such as viral infection, multiple sclerosis, and cancer.
Stepwise 5′ DNA end-specific resection of DNA breaks by the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 and Sae2 nuclease ensemble
Authors: Cannavo Elda , Reginato Giordano , Cejka Petr 
Published: March 2019

Significance
The Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 (MRX)-Sae2 complex has key functions in initiating the repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination. Using purified recombinant proteins, we demonstrate how ATP binding and hydrolysis by the Rad50 subunit regulate the nuclease activities of Mre11. We reconstitute a reaction wherein the MRX-Sae2 ensemble preferentially degrades the 5′-terminated DNA strands at DNA break sites up to several hundred nucleotides in length. This polarity of DNA end processing is required for homologous recombination. Our experiments help explain how MRX-Sae2 and their homologs contribute to the maintenance of genome stability.
Encoding biological recognition in a bicomponent cell-membrane mimic
Authors: Rodriguez-Emmenegger Cesar , Xiao Qi , Kostina Nina Yu. , Sherman Samuel E. , Rahimi Khosrow , Partridge Benjamin E. , Li Shangda , Sahoo Dipankar , Reveron Perez Aracelee M. , Buzzacchera Irene , Han Hong , Kerzner Meir , Malhotra Ishita , Möller Martin , Wilson Christopher J. , Good Matthew C. , Goulian Mark , Baumgart Tobias , Klein Michael L. , Percec Virgil 
Published: March 2019

Significance
The seminal fluid mosaic model of the cell membranes suggests a lipid bilayer sea, in which cholesterol, proteins, glycoconjugates, and other components are swimming. Complementing this view, a microsegregated rafts model predicts clusters of components that function as relay stations for intracellular signaling and trafficking. However, elucidating the arrangement of glycoconjugates responsible for communication and recognition between cells, and cells with proteins remains a challenge. Herein, designed dendritic macromolecules are shown to self-assemble into vesicles that function as biological-membrane mimics with controlled density of sugar moieties on their periphery. Surprisingly, lowering sugar density elicits higher bioactivity to sugar-binding proteins. This finding informs a design principle for active complex soft matter with potential for applications in cellular biology and nanomedicine.
Regional effects of climate change on California animal agriculture and options for farmers to respond through husbandry adaptation and greenhouse gas mitigation.
Authors: Pitesky M. , James J. , Pandey P. , Mitloehner F. , Cadena M. , Aly S. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Climate change will pose challenges for the world's food supply in the coming decades. As a leading agricultural state with a diverse agricultural portfolio, California will face its own unique regional challenges due to its complex agricultural inter-dependencies. As veterinarians and animal scientists with livestock and poultry clientele in the Central Valley of California, we are starting to observe changes in food safety, production efficiency, welfare and disease that can be linked to the effects of climate change. For example, in California drought has reduced access to rice hulls which are commonly used as bedding for poultry which have necessitated the use for recycling rice hulls. Our results have shown an 11.08 ÃÂ greater risk (
P
<0.5) of Salmonella in poultry raised on litter recycled more than 3 ÃÂ versus poultry raised on fresh litter material. While these types of challenges can be mitigated through adapting husbandry, it is also important to recognize that there are opportunities for the farmers to focus on mitigation of greenhouse gases via the alternative usage of agricultural 'waste' products with a focus on increasing baseload renewable energy from anaerobic digestion (AD). Specifically, the further targeted integration of methane digesters in the Central Valley of California could play a significant role in renewable energy production from carbon-based agricultural 'waste' material. To that point, geographic information system-based maps were made showing the spatial location of major livestock and crop production areas laid over the current natural gas pipeline network for Fresno County (the most productive agricultural county in the USA). Refinement and further development of these types of maps are integral in order to visualize and develop a robust and commercially viable AD network into our current energy infrastructure. This review aims to describe current scenarios spanning food safety, welfare and the connection between animal disease and production efficiency in California livestock and poultry production with respect to how climate change affects California livestock and poultry.
Monsoon variability trends and strategies to get through its vagaries in rice-based systems in eastern India.
Authors: Panneerselvam P. , Sudhanshu Singh Sudhanshu Singh 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The trend of increasing monsoon variability in eastern India has led to increased risk of growing crops during the monsoon period. The rainfall pattern has become more erratic due to the shrinking of monsoon period 60-70 days from the normal 120 days, leading to drought and unusual frequent torrential rainfall exceeding 200-250 mm/day, causing floods during the past few decades. The duration and magnitude of drought and the number of dry spells also have increased. These stresses not only affect the yield of rice but also reduce the area and production of succeeding crops, resulting in low system productivity. Rice is the major crop in monsoon season in eastern India. Hence, technological or management options to cope with monsoon variability are discussed based on the available literature and results from the experiments conducted in eastern India, particularly in Odisha. Direct seeded rice (DSR) is an apt option for delayed onset of the monsoon that enables better use of early rains. In this regard, DSR helps reduce the risk of-of late-season drought by avoiding the stress period. Thus, DSR allows farmers to undertake early sowing of the subsequent crops, leading to higher system productivity. The performance of short-duration drought- and flood-tolerant rice varieties in stress-prone areas are reviewed and discussed here. Rice nursery enterprise in private- as well as community-sector has been proved as an effective strategy to ensure timely availability of healthy seedlings. However, the scale of these technologies/management options in eastern India is facing a tough challenge due to weed infestation, lack of availability of tolerant anaerobic and stagnant flood varieties, and appropriate machinery, in addition to socio-economic constraints to access the technologies.
Debunking, supervenience, and Hume’s Principle
Authors: Leng Mary 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDebunking arguments against both moral and mathematical realism have been pressed, based on the claim that our moral and mathematical beliefs are insensitive to the moral/mathematical facts. In the mathematical case, I argue that the role of Hume’s Principle as a conceptual truth speaks against the debunkers’ claim that it is intelligible to imagine the facts about numbers being otherwise while our evolved responses remain the same. Analogously, I argue, the conceptual supervenience of the moral on the natural speaks presents a difficulty for the debunker’s claim that, had the moral facts been otherwise, our evolved moral beliefs would have remained the same.
Search for transcription factors affecting productivity of the polyketide FR901512 in filamentous fungal sp. No. 14919 and identification of Drf1, a novel negative regulator of the biosynthetic gene cluster
Authors: Itoh Hiroya , Miura Ai , Takeda Itaru , Matsui Makoto , Tamano Koichi , Machida Masayuki , Shibata Takashi 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
In order to increase secondary metabolite production in filamentous fungi, a transcription factor gene in the biosynthetic gene cluster and global regulator genes such as laeA are considered plausible as targets for overexpression by genetic modification. In this study, we examined these overexpression effect in fungal sp. No. 14919 that produces FR901512, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Resultantly, the productivity was improved at 1.7–1.8 fold by overexpressing frlE, a transcription factor gene in the biosynthetic gene cluster, whereas productivity did not change by overexpression of laeA and veA. Furthermore, we searched for extra transcription factors affecting the productivity by transcriptome analysis between wild-type strain and highly productive UV mutants. After verifying productivity decrease by overexpression, Drf1, a novel transcription factor encoded by drf1 was identified as the negative regulator. Because each frlE product (FrlE) and Drf1 worked on the same cluster in positive and negative regulatory manners, their network was analyzed.
Aggregation of Lactobacillus brevis associated with decrease in pH by glucose fermentation
Authors: Saito Katsuichi , Tomita Satoru , Nakamura Toshihide 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Some Lactobacillus brevis strains were found to aggregate upon the addition of glucose, which resulted in glucose fermentation and pH decrease. Surface layer proteins (Slp) that represented the outermost layer of the bacteria decreased under these low pH conditions, probably because of the partial detachment of Slp from the cell surface triggered by the acidic environment. Similar observations of decreased Slp and aggregation were observed under the culture conditions, confirming that L. brevis aggregation was due to the partial Slp detachment under the acidic conditions of glucose fermentation. Such Slp detachment might affect the electrostatic nature of L. brevis cells by initiating the formation of irregular charge across the L. brevis cell surface, thereby leading to aggregation. These observations would be useful for elucidating the aggregation mechanism of lactic acid bacteria, which was considered to be involved in the probiotic effect of the bacteria.
The time course of muscle‐tendon properties and function responses of a five‐minute static stretching exercise
Authors: Konrad A. , Reiner M. M. , Thaller S. , Tilp M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the time course of the changes of muscle‐tendon mechanical properties and the function responses of the plantar flexor muscles following 5 × 60 s of static stretching.Fourteen healthy volunteers were tested on four separate days in a random order with three different rest times (0, 5, 10 min) after 5 × 60 s of stretching or following a control period without stretching. During each test, the dorsiflexion range of motion (RoM), passive resistive torque (PRT), and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) were measured with a dynamometer. Ultrasonography of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle‐tendon junction displacement and motion capture allowed us to determine the length changes in the tendon and muscle, respectively, and hence to calculate their stiffness.We observed an increase in RoM and decrease in MVC at 0, 5, and 10 min post‐stretching. This could be attributed to an increase in muscle elongation which lasted at least 10 min. A decrease in muscle‐tendon stiffness was observed immediately, but not 5 or 10 min after the stretching. A decrease in PRT and muscle stiffness was observed up to 5 min after the stretching. No changes were detected in tendon stiffness or in any variable in the control group.The effects of a 5 × 60 s static stretching exercise changes the muscle‐tendon functions (RoM, MVC), which are related to mechanical changes of the muscle but not the tendon structure, respectively. Although the functional changes last for at least 10 min, changes in muscle stiffness were only observed up to 5 min after the stretching exercise.
Has the prose quality of science textbook improved over the past decade? A linguistic perspective
Authors: Zhu Shan , Fang Zhihui 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Textbooks are a central pedagogical resource for science teachers. As such, they have been a subject of enduring interest in science education research, with many questioning whether their quality has improved over the past decades. In this paper, we examined the prose quality of an expository text on coral reefs in seven successive editions of one popular environmental science textbook. Specifically, using tools from systemic functional linguistics, we analyzed two discursive aspects that impact the comprehensibility of the texts – how causation is construed and how information is structured. Our analyses reveal that the prose quality of the texts on coral reefs has improved, regressed, or remained the same. In the area of causation, cause–effect relationships are construed in increasingly implicit ways, with causes and effects consistently constructed as grammatical abstractions that bury human or social agencies. In the area of information flow, semantic leaps and semantic ambiguities are reduced across the sample texts analyzed, which places fewer text processing demands on the reader. Our study suggests that writing a perfectly considerate text is a tall task and that micro-linguistic analysis can illuminate the comprehension challenges that school textbooks present to students and inform efforts to improve students’ science literacy.
The growing threat of heat disasters
Authors: Sailor David J , Baniassadi Amir , O’Lenick Cassandra R , Wilhelmi Olga V 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Heat is the number one weather-related killer in the United States and indoor exposure is responsible for a significant portion of the resulting fatalities. Evolving construction practices combined with urban development in harsh climates has led building occupants in many cities to rely on air conditioning (AC) to a degree that their health and well-being are compromised in its absence. The risks are substantial if loss of AC coincides with a hot weather episode (henceforth, a heat disaster). Using simulations, we found that residential buildings in many US cities are highly vulnerable to heat disasters—with more than 50 million citizens living in cities at significant risk. This situation will be exacerbated by intensification of urban heat islands, climate change, and evolving construction practices. It is therefore crucial that future building codes consider thermal resiliency in addition to energy efficiency.
Hypernodulating soybean mutant line nod4 lacking ‘Autoregulation of Nodulation’ (AON) has limited root-to-shoot water transport capacity
Authors: Caroline Silva Lopes Emile , Pereira Rodrigues Weverton , Ruas Fraga Katherine , Machado Filho José Altino , Rangel da Silva Jefferson , Menezes de Assis-Gomes Mara , Moura Assis Figueiredo Fabio Afonso Mazzei , Gresshoff Peter M , Campostrini Eliemar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsAlthough hypernodulating phenotype mutants of legumes, such as soybean, possess a high leaf N content, the large number of root nodules decreases carbohydrate availability for plant growth and seed yield. In addition, under conditions of high air vapour pressure deficit (VPD), hypernodulating plants show a limited capacity to replace water losses through transpiration, resulting in stomatal closure, and therefore decreased net photosynthetic rates. Here, we used hypernodulating (nod4) (282.33 ± 28.56 nodules per plant) and non-nodulating (nod139) (0 nodules per plant) soybean mutant lines to determine explicitly whether a large number of nodules reduces root hydraulic capacity, resulting in decreased stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rates under high air VPD conditions.MethodsPlants were either inoculated or not inoculated with Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens (strain BR 85, SEMIA 5080) to induce nitrogen-fixing root nodules (where possible). Absolute root conductance and root conductivity, plant growth, leaf water potential, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, leaf ‘greenness’ [Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) reading] and nitrogen content were measured 37 days after sowing.Key ResultsBesides the reduced growth of hypernodulating soybean mutant nod4, such plants showed decreased root capacity to supply leaf water demand as a consequence of their reduced root dry mass and root volume, which resulted in limited absolute root conductance and root conductivity normalized by leaf area. Thereby, reduced leaf water potential at 1300 h was observed, which contributed to depression of photosynthesis at midday associated with both stomatal and non-stomatal limitations.ConclusionsHypernodulated plants were more vulnerable to VPD increases due to their limited root-to-shoot water transport capacity. However, greater CO2 uptake caused by the high N content can be partly compensated by the stomatal limitation imposed by increased VPD conditions.
Lack of Toxicity With Long-term Isavuconazole Use in Patients With Hematologic Malignancy
Authors: DiPippo Adam J , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Prolonged courses of isavuconazole (ISA) are increasingly utilized in immunocompromised patients. Toxicities have been reported with long-term use of the other triazoles. We report the first real-life tolerability data in 50 patients with hematologic malignancy receiving ≥6 months of ISA. ISA was well tolerated in our ill patient population.
Therapeutic modulation of RNA-binding protein Rbm38 facilitates re-endothelialization after arterial injury
Authors: Sonnenschein Kristina , Fiedler Jan , Pfanne Angelika , Just Annette , Mitzka Saskia , Geffers Robert , Pich Andreas , Bauersachs Johann , Thum Thomas 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Aims
Delayed re-endothelialization after balloon angioplasty in patients with coronary or peripheral artery disease impairs vascular healing and leads to neointimal proliferation. In the present study, we examined the effect of RNA-binding motif protein 38 (Rbm38) during re-endothelialization in a murine model of experimental vascular injury.

Methods and results
Left common carotid arteries of C57BL/6 mice were electrically denudated and endothelial regeneration was evaluated. Profiling of RNA-binding proteins revealed dysregulated expression of Rbm38 in the denudated and regenerated areas. We next tested the importance of Rbm38 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECS) and analysed its effects on cellular proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Rbm38 silencing in vitro demonstrated important beneficial functional effects on migratory capacity and proliferation of endothelial cells. In vivo, local silencing of Rbm38 also improved re-endothelialization of denuded carotid arteries. Luciferase reporter assay identified miR-98 and let-7f to regulate Rbm38 and the positive proliferative properties of Rbm38 silencing in vitro and in vivo were mimicked by therapeutic overexpression of these miRNAs.

Conclusion
The present data identified Rbm38 as an important factor of the regulation of various endothelial cell functions. Local inhibition of Rbm38 as well as overexpression of the upstream regulators miR-98 and let-7f improved endothelial regeneration in vivo and thus may be a novel therapeutic entry point to avoid endothelial damage after balloon angioplasty.