bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro security of 3 surgical knots placed by novice veterinary students
Authors: Shaver Stephanie L. , Yamada Nalani , Hofmeister Erik H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the most secure knot when tied by veterinary students in a ligation model.Study designProspective study.Sample populationSixteen first‐year veterinary students.MethodsVeterinary students were taught 3 knots: surgeon's, Miller's, and strangle. After having demonstrated competence, students tied each knot twice in a vascular ligation model at physiologic pressure. The system was tested for completeness of occlusion and volume of fluid lost over 10 seconds. Time, reattempts, repositioning, correctness, and difficulty score were documented. Students were surveyed before and after training regarding their experience.ResultsStudents correctly tied 75% of all knots and achieved complete occlusion of the model with 56% of knots. No difference was identified among knot types in correctness, difficulty, complete occlusion, or time to construct the knot. The first surgeon's knot placed by students had more fluid loss than the Miller's knot, but this was not true of the second knot.ConclusionIncomplete occlusion was common among all knot types, but students generally achieved similar knot security when placing surgeon's, Miller's, and strangle knots on a model. More surgeon's knots failed catastrophically during the first attempt, evidenced by a greater volume of fluid loss.Clinical significanceThis study does not provide evidence to recommend any of the 3 tested knots as superior to the others to improve the security of ligatures during surgeries performed by students. The prevalence of incomplete occlusion among student knots illustrates the requirement for education regarding knot security and vigilant monitoring of students performing live animal surgeries.
A study of Cr(VI) and NH4+adsorption using greensand (glauconite) as a low‐cost adsorbent from aqueous solutions
Authors: Naghipour Dariush , Taghavi Kamran , Ashournia Mehdi , Jaafari Jalil , Arjmand Movarrekh Ramin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the removal of Cr(VI) and NH4+ from aqueous solutions using greensand (glauconite). The effects of adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial Cr(VI) and NH4+ concentrations, and pH were investigated in batch experiments. The results show that these parameters influenced Cr(VI) and NH4+ removal using glauconite considerably. Pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models were applied to explain the kinetic data, and the pseudo‐second‐order model achieved good agreement. The equilibrium isotherm data are coordinated with the Freundlich, Langmuir models, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich; the Freundlich model proved most best suitable. The removal efficiency of Cr(VI) and NH4+ were 12.21 mg/g (54% at pH 3) and 19.24 mg/g (77.08% at pH 7). All in all, the results showed that the adsorption process on glauconite could be used as an effective method for removing Cr(VI) and NH4+ from aqueous solutions.
A tribute to the use of minimalistic spatially-implicit models of savanna vegetation dynamics to address broad spatial scales in spite of scarce data
Authors: Yatat Valaire Djeumen , Tchuinté Alexis , Dumont Yves , Couteron Pierre 
Published: December 2018

The savanna biome encompasses a variety of vegetation physiognomies that traduce complex dynamical responses of plants to the rainfall gradients leading from tropical forests to hot deserts. Such responses are shaped by interactions between woody and grassy plants that can be either direct, disturbance-mediated or both. There has been increasing evidence that several vegetation physiognomies, sometimes highly contrasted, may durably coexist under similar rainfall conditions suggesting multi-stability or at least not abrupt transitions. These fascinating questions have triggered burgeoning modelling efforts which have, however, not yet delivered an integrated picture liable to furnish sensible predictions of potential vegetation at broad scales. In this paper, we will recall the key ecological processes and resulting vegetation dynamics that models should take into account. We will also present the main modelling options present in the literature and advocate the use of minimalistic models, capturing only the essentialВ processes while retaining sufficient mathematical tractability and restricting themselves to a minimal set of parameters assessable from the overall literature.
The Physiological Strain Index Modified for Trained Heat-Acclimatized Individuals in Outdoor Heat
Authors: Byrne Christopher , Lee Jason K.W. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:To determine if the Physiological Strain Index (PSI), in original or modified form, can evaluate heat strain on a 0–10 scale, in trained and heat-acclimatized men undertaking a competitive half-marathon run in outdoor heat.Methods:Core (intestinal) temperature (TC) and heart rate (HR) were recorded continuously in 24 men (mean [SD] age = 26 [3] y, VO2peak = 59 [5] mL·kg·min−1). A total of 4 versions of the PSI were computed: original PSI with upper constraints of TC 39.5°C and HR 180 beats·min−1(PSI39.5/180) and 3 modified versions of PSI with each having an age-predicted maximal HR constraint and graded TC constraints of 40.0°C (PSI40.0/PHRmax), 40.5°C (PSI40.5/PHRmax), and 41.0°C (PSI41.0/PHRmax).Results:In a warm (26.1–27.3°C) and humid (79–82%) environment, all runners finished the race asymptomatic in 107 (10) (91–137) min. Peak TC and HR were 39.7°C (0.5°C) (38.5–40.7°C) and 186 (6) (175–196) beats·min−1, respectively. In total, 63% exceeded TC 39.5°C, 71% exceeded HR 180 beats·min−1, and 50% exceeded both of the original PSI upper TC and HR constraints. The computed heat strain was significantly greater with PSI39.5/180than all other methods (P < .003). PSI >10 was observed in 63% of runners with PSI39.5/180, 25% for PSI40.0/PHRmax, 8% for PSI40.5/PHRmax, and 0% for PSI41.0/PHRmax.Conclusions:The PSI was able to quantify heat strain on a 0–10 scale in trained and heat-acclimatized men undertaking a half-marathon race in outdoor heat, but only when the upper TC and HR constraints were modified to 41.0°C and age-predicted maximal HR, respectively.
The Reliability and Validity of the PowerTap P1 Power Pedals Before and After 100 Hours of Use
Authors: Wright James , Walker Thomas , Burnet Scott , Jobson Simon A. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: To (1) evaluate agreement between the PowerTap P1 (P1) pedals and the Lode Excalibur Sport cycle ergometer, (2) investigate the reliability of the P1 pedals between repeated testing sessions, and (3) compare the reliability and validity of the P1 pedals before (P10) and after (P1100) ∼100 h of use. Methods: Ten participants completed four 5-min submaximal cycling bouts (100, 150, 200, and 250 W), a 2-min time trial, and two 10-s all-out sprints on 2 occasions. This protocol was repeated after 15 mo and ∼100 h of use. Results: Significant differences were seen between the P10 pedals and the Lode Excalibur Sport at 100 W (P = .006), 150 W (P = .006), 200 W (P = .001), and 250 W (P = .006) and during the all-out sprints (P = .020). After ∼100 h of use, the P1100 pedals did not significantly differ from the Lode Excalibur Sport at 100 W (P = .799), 150 W (P = .183), 200 W (P = .289), and 250 W (P = .183), during the 2-min time trial (P = .583), or during the all-out sprints (P = .412). The coefficients of variation for the P10 and P1100 ranged from 0.6% to 1.3% and 0.5% to 2.0%, respectively, during the submaximal cycling bouts. Conclusion: The P1 pedals provide valid data after ∼100 h of laboratory use. Furthermore, the pedals provide reliable data during submaximal cycling, even after prolonged use.
Sleep and Salivary Testosterone and Cortisol During a Short Preseason Camp: A Study in Professional Rugby Union
Authors: Serpell Benjamin G. , Horgan Barry G. , Colomer Carmen M.E. , Field Byron , Halson Shona L. , Cook Christian J. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: To examine changes in, and relationships between, sleep quality and quantity, salivary testosterone, salivary cortisol, testosterone-to-cortisol ratio (T:C), and self-reported muscle soreness during a residential-based training camp in elite rugby players. Methods: Nineteen male rugby players age 26.4 (3.9) years, height 186.0 (9.4) cm, and weight 104.1 (13.4) kg (mean [SD]) participated in this study. Wrist actigraphy devices were worn for 8 nights around a 4-d training camp (2 nights prior, during, and 2 nights after). Sleep-onset latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and waking time were measured. Participants provided saliva samples during camp on waking and again 45 min later, which were then assayed for testosterone and cortisol levels. They also rated their general muscle soreness daily. Results: Little variation was observed for sleep quality and quantity or testosterone. However, significant differences were observed between and within days for cortisol, T:C, and muscle soreness (P < .001). Few relationships were observed for sleep and hormones; the strongest, an inverse relationship for sleep efficiency and T:C (r = −.372, P < .01). Conclusions: There may be no clear and useful relationship between sleep and hormone concentration in a short-term training camp context, and measures of sleep and testosterone and cortisol should be interpreted with caution because of individual variation. Alterations in hormone concentration, particularly cortisol, may be affected by other factors including anticipation of the day ahead. This study adds to our knowledge that changes in hormone concentration are individual and context specific.
The Effects of Inhaled Terbutaline on 3-km Running Time-Trial Performance
Authors: Molphy John , Dickinson John W. , Chester Neil J. , Loosemore Mike , Whyte Gregory 
Published: December 2018

Terbutaline is a prohibited drug except for athletes with a therapeutic use exemption certificate; terbutaline’s effects on endurance performance are relatively unknown. Purpose: To investigate the effects of 2 therapeutic (2 and 4 mg) inhaled doses of terbutaline on 3-km running time-trial performance. Methods: A total of 8 men (age 24.3 [2.4] y; weight 77.6 [8] kg; and height 179.5 [4.3] cm) and 8 women (age 22.4 [3] y; weight 58.6 [6] kg; and height 163 [9.2] cm) free from respiratory disease and illness provided written informed consent. Participants completed 3-km running time trials on a nonmotorized treadmill on 3 separate occasions following placebo and 2- and 4-mg inhaled terbutaline in a single-blind, repeated-measures design. Urine samples (15 min postexercise) were analyzed for terbutaline concentration. Data were analyzed using 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance, and significance was set at P < .05 for all analyses. Results: No differences were observed for completion times (1103 [201] s, 1106 [195] s, 1098 [165] s; P = .913) for the placebo or 2- and 4-mg inhaled trials, respectively. Lactate values were higher (P = .02) after 4 mg terbutaline (10.7 [2.3] mmol·L−1) vs placebo (8.9 [1.8] mmol·L−1). Values of forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV1) were greater after inhalation of 2 mg (5.08 [0.2]; P = .01) and 4 mg terbutaline (5.07 [0.2]; P = .02) compared with placebo (4.83 [0.5] L) postinhalation. Urinary terbutaline concentrations were mean 306 (288) ng·mL−1 and 435 (410) ng·mL−1 (P = .2) and peak 956 ng·mL−1 and 1244 ng·mL−1 after 2 and 4 mg inhaled terbutaline, respectively. No differences were observed between the male and female participants. Conclusions: Therapeutic dosing of terbutaline does not lead to an improvement in 3-km running performance despite significantly increased FEV1. The findings suggest that athletes using inhaled terbutaline at high therapeutic doses to treat asthma will not gain an ergogenic advantage during 3-km running performance.
Comparison of RPE (Rating of Perceived Exertion) Scales for Session RPE
Authors: Arney Blaine E. , Glover Reese , Fusco Andrea , Cortis Cristina , de Koning Jos J. , van Erp Teun , Jaime Salvador , Mikat Richard P. , Porcari John P. , Foster Carl 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: The session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) is a well-accepted method of monitoring training load in athletes in many different sports. It is based on the category-ratio (0–10) RPE scale (BORG-CR10) developed by Borg. There is no evidence how substitution of the Borg 6–20 RPE scale (BORG-RPE) might influence the sRPE in athletes. Methods: Systematically training, recreational-level athletes from a number of sport disciplines performed 6 randomly ordered, 30-min interval-training sessions, at intensities based on peak power output (PPO) and designed to be easy (50% PPO), moderate (75% PPO), or hard (85% PPO). Ratings of sRPE were obtained 30 min postexercise using either the BORG-CR10 or BORG-RPE and compared for matched exercise conditions. Results: The average percentage of heart-rate reserve was well correlated with sRPE from both BORG-CR10 (r = .76) and BORG-RPE (r = .69). The sRPE ratings from BORG-CR10 and BORG-RPE were very strongly correlated (r = .90) at matched times. Conclusions: Although producing different absolute numbers, sRPE derived from either the BORG-CR10 or BORG-RPE provides essentially interchangeable estimates of perceived exercise training intensity.
Chapter 8: Retention in PETE: Interview Results and Discussion
Authors: Kern Ben D. , Ayers Suzan F. , Killian Chad M. , Woods Amelia Mays 
Published: December 2018

Background/Purpose: Student retention in physical education teacher education (PETE) programs is critical to promoting high-quality physical education in schools. This aspect of the current study was to investigate PETE program coordinators’ perceptions of their role in the process of retaining students within their programs.Method: Thirty-six PETE program coordinators (12 males and 24 females) completed in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using a standard interpretative approach grounded in inductive analysis and constant comparison.Results: The PETE coordinators in this study perceived retention to be: (a) aligned with core job expectations, (b) grounded in relationships, (c) impacted by external and policy factors, and (d) limited by time and resources.Discussion/Conclusion: Retention in PETE is supported when faculty members utilize constructivist learning pedagogies and develop a sense of belonging among PETE students. Retention issues may be addressed through involvement with state policymakers and professional organizations.
Specialist palliative care, psychology, interstitial lung disease (ILD) multidisciplinary team meeting: a novel model to address palliative care needs
Authors: Barratt Shaney L , Morales Michelle , Speirs Toby , Al Jboor Khaled , Lamb Heather , Mulholland Sarah , Edwards Adrienne , Gunary Rachel , Meek Patricia , Jordan Nikki , Sharp Charles , Kendall Clare , Adamali Huzaifa I 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionPatients with progressive idiopathic fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD), such as those with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), can have an aggressive disease course, with a median survival of only 3–5 years from diagnosis. The palliative care needs of these patients are often unmet. There are calls for new models of care, whereby the patient’s usual respiratory clinician remains central to the integration of palliative care principles and practices into their patient’s management, but the optimal model of service delivery has yet to be determined.MethodsWe developed a novel, collaborative, multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting between our palliative care, psychology and ILD teams with the principal aim of integrating specialist care to ensure the needs of persons with ILD, and their caregivers were identified and met by referral to the appropriate service. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of this novel MDT meeting on the assessment of a patient’s palliative care needs.ResultsSignificant increases in advance care planning discussions were observed, in conjunction with increased referrals to community courses and teams, following introduction of this novel MDT.ConclusionsOur results suggest that our collaborative MDT is an effective platform to address patients’ unmet palliative care needs. Further work is required to explore the effect of our model on achieving the preferred place of death and reductions in unplanned hospital admissions.
Multi-View Product Image Search with Deep ConvNets Representations
Authors: Baştan Muhammet , Yılmaz Özgür 
Published: December 2018

Multi-view product image queries can improve retrieval performance over single view queries significantly. In this paper, we investigated the performance of deep convolutional neural networks (ConvNets) on multi-view product image search. First, we trained a VGG-like network to learn deep ConvNets representations of product images. Then, we computed the deep ConvNets representations of database and query images and performed single view queries, and multi-view queries using several early and late fusion approaches. We performed extensive experiments on the publicly available Multi-View Object Image Dataset (MVOD 5K) with both clean background queries from the internet and cluttered background queries from a mobile phone. We compared the performance of ConvNets to the classical bag-of-visual-words (BoWs). We concluded that (1) multi-view queries with deep ConvNets representations perform significantly better than single view queries, (2) ConvNets perform much better than BoWs and have room for further improvement, (3) pre-training of ConvNets on a different image dataset with background clutter is needed to obtain good performance on cluttered product image queries obtained with a mobile phone.
Modifiability of the history dependence of force through chronic eccentric and concentric biased resistance training
Authors: Chen Jackey , Power Geoffrey A. 
Published: December 2018

The increase and decrease in steady-state isometric force following active muscle lengthening and shortening are referred to as residual force enhancement (RFE) and force depression (FD), respectively. The RFE and FD states are associated with decreased (activation reduction; AR) and increased (activation increase; AI) neuromuscular activity, respectively. Although the mechanisms have been discussed over the last 60 years, no studies have systematically investigated the modifiability of RFE and FD with training. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether RFE and FD could be modulated through eccentric and concentric biased resistance training. Fifteen healthy young adult men (age: 24 ± 2 yr, weight: 77 ± 8 kg, height: 178 ± 5 cm) underwent 4 wk of isokinetic dorsiflexion training, in which one leg was trained eccentrically (−25°/s) and the other concentrically (+25°/s) over a 50° ankle excursion. Maximal and submaximal (40% maximum voluntary contraction) steady-state isometric torque and EMG values following active lengthening and shortening were compared to purely isometric values at the same joint angles and torque levels. Residual torque enhancement (rTE) decreased by ~36% after eccentric training ( P < 0.05) and increased by ~89% after concentric training ( P < 0.05), whereas residual torque depression (rTD), AR, AI, and optimal angles for torque production were not significantly altered by resistance training ( P ≥ 0.05). It appears that rTE, but not rTD, for the human ankle dorsiflexors is differentially modifiable through contraction type-dependent resistance training.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The history dependence of force production is a property of muscle unexplained by current cross bridge and sliding filament theories. Whether a muscle is actively lengthened (residual force enhancement; RFE) or shortened (force depression) to a given length, the isometric force should be equal to a purely isometric contraction—but it is not! In this study we show that eccentric training decreased RFE, whereas concentric training increased RFE and converted all nonresponders (i.e., not exhibiting RFE) into responders.
Early Noninvasive Detection of Response to Targeted Therapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Phallen Jillian , Leal Alessandro , Woodward Brian D. , Forde Patrick M. , Naidoo Jarushka , Marrone Kristen A. , Brahmer Julie R. , Fiksel Jacob , Medina Jamie E. , Cristiano Stephen , Palsgrove Doreen N. , Gocke Christopher D. , Bruhm Daniel C. , Keshavarzian Parissa , Adleff Vilmos , Weihe Elizabeth , Anagnostou Valsamo , Scharpf Robert B. , Velculescu Victor E. , Husain Hatim 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

With the advent of precision oncology, there is an urgent need to develop improved methods for rapidly detecting responses to targeted therapies. Here, we have developed an ultrasensitive measure of cell-free tumor load using targeted and whole-genome sequencing approaches to assess responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with advanced lung cancer. Analyses of 28 patients treated with anti-EGFR or HER2 therapies revealed a bimodal distribution of cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) after therapy initiation, with molecular responders having nearly complete elimination of ctDNA (&gt;98%). Molecular nonresponders displayed limited changes in ctDNA levels posttreatment and experienced significantly shorter progression-free survival (median 1.6 vs. 13.7 months, P &lt; 0.0001; HR = 66.6; 95% confidence interval, 13.0–341.7), which was detected on average 4 weeks earlier than CT imaging. ctDNA analyses of patients with radiographic stable or nonmeasurable disease improved prediction of clinical outcome compared with CT imaging. These analyses provide a rapid approach for evaluating therapeutic response to targeted therapies and have important implications for the management of patients with cancer and the development of new therapeutics.

Significance: Cell-free tumor load provides a novel approach for evaluating longitudinal changes in ctDNA during systemic treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and serves an unmet clinical need for real-time, noninvasive detection of tumor response to targeted therapies before radiographic assessment.
See related commentary by Zou and Meyerson, p. 1038
EGFR and c-MET Cooperate to Enhance Resistance to PARP Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Dong Qiongzhu , Du Yi , Li Hui , Liu Chunxiao , Wei Yongkun , Chen Mei-Kuang , Zhao Xixi , Chu Yu-Yi , Qiu Yufan , Qin Lunxiu , Yamaguchi Hirohito , Hung Mien-Chie 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

PARP1 inhibitors (PARPi) are currently used in the clinic for the treatment of ovarian and breast cancers, yet their therapeutic efficacy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been disappointing. To ensure therapeutic efficacy of PARPi against HCC, a disease often diagnosed at intermediate to advanced stages with no effective treatment options, it is critical to identify not only biomarkers to predict PARPi resistance but also rational treatments to overcome this. Here, we report that a heterodimer of EGFR and MET interacts with and phosphorylates Y907 of PARP1 in the nucleus, which contributes to PARPi resistance. Inhibition of both EGFR and MET sensitized HCC cells to PARPi, and both EGFR and MET are known to be overexpressed in HCC. This report provides an explanation for the poor efficacy of PARPi against HCC and suggests combinatorial treatment consisting of EGFR, MET, and PARP inhibitors may be an effective therapeutic strategy in HCC.

Significance:
Regulation of PARP by the c-MET and EGFR heterodimer suggests a potentially effective combination therapy to sensitize HCC to PARPi.