bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TKE-Based Moist Eddy-Diffusivity Mass-Flux (EDMF) Parameterization for Vertical Turbulent Mixing
Authors: Han Jongil , Bretherton Christopher S. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A new turbulent kinetic energy (TKE)-based moist eddy-diffusivity mass-flux (EDMF) vertical turbulence mixing scheme (EDMF-TKE) is developed, where the nonlocal transport by large turbulent eddies is represented by a mass-flux (MF) scheme while the local transport by small turbulent eddies is represented by an eddy-diffusivity (ED) scheme, which is given by a function of a prognostic TKE. In the scheme, an MF approach is employed for the stratocumulus-top-driven downdrafts as well as for the thermals in the daytime unstable boundary layer. The scheme includes parameterizations for enhanced buoyancy due to moist adiabatic processes in condensation and for TKE interaction with cumulus convection. A scale-aware parameterization is proposed for the grid sizes where the large turbulent eddies are partially resolved. The single-column model (SCM) tests show that both the EDMF-TKE and the current operational NCEP GFS hybrid EDMF scheme (EDMF-CTL) simulate a daytime dry-convective boundary layer well and agree with a benchmark large-eddy simulation (LES). For a marine stratocumulus-topped boundary layer case, the EDMF-TKE better simulates the liquid water and wind speed profiles than the EDMF-CTL compared to the LES. For a stable boundary layer (SBL) case, the EDMF-TKE also agrees better with the LES than the EDMF-CTL, although it tends to produce a deeper SBL compared to the LES. On the other hand, three-dimensional medium-range forecast experiments show that the EDMF-TKE slightly improves forecast skill in the 500-hPa height anomaly correlation and wind vector, while it has a neutral impact on precipitation forecasts over the continental United States.
Polysomnography Outcomes after Supraglottoplasty in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Bhushan Bharat , Schroeder James W. , Billings Kathleen R. , Giancola Nicholas , Thompson Dana M. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveLaryngomalacia has been reported to contribute to the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children. It is unclear if surgical treatment of laryngomalacia improves polysomnography (PSG) outcomes in these patients. The objective of this study is to report the impact of supraglottoplasty on PSG parameters in children with laryngomalacia‐related OSA.Study DesignRetrospective case series.SettingTertiary care medical center.Subjects and MethodsHistorical cohort study of consecutive children with laryngomalacia who underwent supraglottoplasty and who had undergone overnight PSG before and after surgery.ResultsForty‐one patients were included in the final analysis: 22 (53.6%) were male, and 19 (46.3%) were female. The mean ± SEM age of patients at preoperative PSG was 1.3 ± 0.89 years (range, 0.003‐2.9). In entire cohort, the mean obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index score was reduced from 26.6 events/h before supraglottoplasty to 7.3 events/h after surgery (P =. 003). Respiratory disturbance index was reduced from 27.3 events/h before supraglottoplasty to 7.8 events/h after surgery (P =. 003). The percentage of REM sleep decreased from 30.1% ± 2.4 to 24.8% ± 1.3 (P =. 04). Sleep efficiency was improved (P =. 05).ConclusionOverall, supraglottoplasty significantly improved several PSG outcomes in children with laryngomalacia. However, mild to moderate OSA was still present postoperatively in most children. This suggested a multifactorial cause for OSA in this population.
Mirtazapine attenuates anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in rats during cocaine withdrawal
Authors: Barbosa Méndez Susana , Salazar-Juárez Alberto 
Published: April 2019

Background: Anxiety and depression, key symptoms of the cocaine withdrawal syndrome in human addicts, are considered the main factors that precipitate relapse in chronic cocaine addiction. Preclinical studies have found that rodents exposed to different withdrawal periods show an increase in anxiety and depressive-like behavior. Mirtazapine – a tetracyclic medication – is used primarily to treat depression and, sometimes, anxiety. It has also successfully improved withdrawal symptoms in drug-dependent patients. Aim: This study sought to determine whether chronic dosing of mirtazapine during cocaine withdrawal reduced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors that characterize cocaine withdrawal in animals. Methods: Cocaine pre-treated Wistar rats were subjected to a 60-day cocaine withdrawal period during which depression- and anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated in open field tests (OFT), the elevated plus-maze (EPM), the light–dark box test (LDT), the forced swimming test (FST) and spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA). Results: We found that chronic dosing with different doses of mirtazapine (30 and 60 mg/kg) decreased depression- and anxiety-like behaviors induced by different doses of cocaine (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) during the 60-day cocaine withdrawal. Interpretation: Our results suggest that the pharmacological effect of mirtazapine on its target sites of action (α2-adrenergic and 5-HT2A and 5-HT3 receptors) within the brain may improve depression- and anxiety-like behaviors for long periods. Conclusion: Therefore, the findings support the use of mirtazapine as a potentially effective therapy to reduce anxiety and depressive-like behavior during cocaine withdrawal.
Penile fracture and investigation of early surgical repair effects on erectile dysfunction
Authors: Kati Bulent , Akin Yigit , Demir Mehmet , Boran Omer Faruk , Gumus Kemal , Ciftci Halil 
Published: April 2019

Objectives: Penile fracture is one of the urological emergencies caused by direct trauma to an erect penis during sexual intercourse, which results in a tear in the tunica albuginea within the corpus cavernosum. Serious complications such as penile curvature and erectile dysfunction may develop due to inappropriate and/or late surgical repair. This study aims to evaluate patients with penile fracture and to describe their demographics, surgical repairs, and long-term outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 56 patients who were diagnosed with penile fracture between January 2012 and June 2017 were reviewed. Clinical features, pre-operative assessment, time from injury to surgery, tunica defect properties, and presence of urethral injury were assessed. Early surgical management was performed. Outcomes, including International Index of Erectile Function 5 pre-operation and after 6 months, were evaluated. Results: The mean age was 30.2 (18–57) years. In etiological questionnaires, 32 (57.2%) patients reported direct trauma to an erect penis during intercourse. The mean size of tunica defects was 1.61 ± 0.42 (0.3–3.6) cm of the nine (16%) patients, and penile fracture was associated with urethral injury. There was no significant difference in International Index of Erectile Function 5 scores before the surgery and 6 months after surgery. Penile skin necrosis developed in one patient 10 days post-operation. Conclusion: Early surgical repair could be an effective method of achieving post-operative erection success in patients with penile fracture due to direct trauma during intercourse.
Sleepwalking and Sleep Paralysis: Prevalence in Colombian Families With Genetic Generalized Epilepsy
Authors: Cornejo-Sanchez Diana M. , Carrizosa-Moog Jaime , Cabrera-Hemer Dagoberto , Solarte-Mila Rodrigo , Gomez-Castillo Christhian , Thomas Rhys , Leal Suzanne M. , Cornejo-Ochoa William , Pineda-Trujillo Nicolas 
Published: April 2019

Background: Sleep deprivation commonly increases seizure frequency in patients with genetic generalized epilepsy, though it is unknown whether there is an increased prevalence of sleepwalking or sleep paralysis in genetic generalized epilepsy patients. Establishing this could provide insights into the bio-mechanisms or genetic architecture of both disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sleepwalking and sleep paralysis in a cohort of patients with genetic generalized epilepsy and their relatives in extended families. Methods: A structured interview based on International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) criteria was applied to 67 index cases and their relatives to determine genetic generalized epilepsy subtypes and assess the occurrence of sleepwalking or sleep paralysis. Bivariate analysis was performed using chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Results: The prevalence of sleepwalking and sleep paralysis was 15.3% (95% confidence interval 12.1-18.9) and 11.7% (95% confidence interval 8.7-15.3), respectively. Unusually, no sleepwalkers were found among individuals displaying epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Approximately a quarter of the patients had either parasomnia or genetic generalized epilepsy. Over half the genetic generalized epilepsy families had at least 1 individual with sleepwalking, and more than 40% of the families had one individual with sleep paralysis. Conclusion: The prevalence of sleepwalking or sleep paralysis is reported for individuals with genetic generalized epilepsy and their relatives. The co-existence of either parasomnia in the genetic generalized epilepsy patients and the co-aggregation within their families let suggest that shared heritability and pathophysiological mechanisms exist between these disorders. We hypothesize that sleepwalking/sleep paralysis and genetic generalized epilepsy could be variable expression of genes in shared pathways.
“All Eyes on Me”: A Qualitative Study of Parent and Patient Experiences of Multidisciplinary Care in Craniofacial Conditions
Authors: Myhre Anita , Agai Mehri , Dundas Ingrid , Feragen Kristin Billaud 
Published: April 2019

Objective: The present study investigated how adults with congenital craniofacial anomalies (CFAs) and parents experience the long-term and complex treatment offered by a multidisciplinary team (MDT). Design: Exploratory-descriptive qualitative study based on individual semistructured interviews. Setting: Centralized national follow-up and treatment of CFAs by a multidisciplinary craniofacial team from which participants were systematically recruited. Participants: The sample included 48 parents of children with CFAs and 16 adults with CFAs (N = 64). Results: In general, participants reported to be satisfied with the follow-up and treatment they received from the MDT. Still, some aspects of treatment were experienced as demanding such as the large number of health professionals present during the consultation and being the object of their scrutinizing attention. Health professionals’ communication skills were described as central for participants’ involvement in, and satisfaction with, treatment. Participants also expressed a need for more treatment-related information regarding future treatment. Conclusions: Findings could have implications for the organization of care for parents and patients with rare CFAs. The many advantages of MDTs also create unique challenges for patients and parents that need to be addressed. Patients and families should be prepared for the first consultation with the MDT. Health professionals should be aware of their communication style when interacting with patients and be aware of individual differences and needs regarding treatment-related experiences and expectations.
An excellent 5-year survival rate despite a high incidence of distal femoral cortical hypertrophy in a short hip stem
Authors: Thalmann Caroline , Horn Lang Tamara , Bereiter Heinz , Clauss Martin , Acklin Yves P , Stoffel Karl 
Published: April 2019

Background: Although reported results on short stems sound very promising, the occurrence of distal femoral cortical hypertrophy is often observed. The aim of the present study was to report 5-year survival data of a commercially available trochanter sparing short stem and investigate the clinical impact of distal femoral cortical hypertrophy on the outcome. Methods: 123 total hip arthroplasties were performed on 120 patients from April 2008 to May 2010 (mean age 62, range 29–89 years; 71 hips from male patients, 58%). Clinical and radiological data were collected preoperative, at 6 weeks, 1, 2, 3, and 5 years postoperative to assess the outcome. Radiographs taken immediately postoperative as well as 1 and 5 years postoperative were used to identify and assess cortical hypertrophy. Results: 1 stem had to be revised due to aseptic loosening, resulting in a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with endpoint for stem revision of 99.2% (95% Confidence Interval 94.1–99.9) at 5 years. 96 radiological and 95 clinical follow-ups were analysed 5 years postoperative. 68 (71%) hips showed distal femoral cortical hypertrophy after 5 years. The average Harris Hip Score and Oxford Hip Score improved 33 (standard deviation (SD) 15.1, range 2–70), 18 (SD 12.1, range -10–43) points, respectively. Overall 16% of the patients reported thigh pain, unrelated to the presence of cortical hypertrophy. Discussion: This short stem shows an excellent 5-year survival rate and good clinical outcome despite a high incidence of cortical hypertrophy. However, the question of the mechanism of load transfer arises.
Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: A Forgotten Entity in Older Patients
Authors: Stubbs Vanessa C , Miller Lauren E , Parasher Arjun K , Glicksman Jordan T , Adappa Nithin D , Palmer James 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (NA) characteristically affects adolescent men. Although benign, these tumors can cause local destruction and surgical resection is warranted. Objective: We present a case of a 62-year-old man with nasal congestion and epistaxis, found to be a right NA on pathology. We also present a review of the available NA staging systems. Findings: In this case of NA, imaging revealed an aggressive, hypervascular mass in the nasal cavity with involvement of the middle cranial fossa and cavernous sinus. The patient underwent complete endoscopic surgical resection following vascular embolization. Conclusions: Although it is rare, NA should not be disregarded in the elderly population.
Billed and Paid Amounts for Preventive Procedures in Dental Medicaid
Authors: Wagner K. , Szabo A. , Zheng C. , Okunseri E. , Okunseri C. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To examine trends and variations in billed and paid amounts for preventive dental procedures by race/ethnicity, age, and sex in Wisconsin dental Medicaid. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2001 to 2013 Wisconsin Medicaid claims database for preventive dental procedures for children and adults. Billed and paid amounts for preventive dental procedures were aggregated over a visit and adjusted for inflation based on the Medical Care Consumer Price Index produced by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for 2013. Quantile regression was used to examine the trends over time and the effect of patient demographics. Result: At the 50th and 75th percentiles, the overall billed amounts for preventive dental procedures were $84.97 and $105.53, and the paid amounts were $35.80 and $41.66, respectively. At the 75th percentile, there was a $2.24 increase per year in the billed amount and a $26.88 overall increase from 2001 to 2013. In the paid amount, there was a $1.34 decrease per year for an overall $16.07 decrease from 2001 to 2013. Billed and paid claims for racial/ethnic minority enrollees were $1 to $3 higher per visit at the 75th percentile when compared with those of Whites. Regarding the billed:paid ratio, White, African American, and Hispanic enrollees had values of 50% to 52%, whereas American Indians had the lowest value at 47.7%. At the 75th percentile, children aged 10 to 19 y had significantly higher billed ($26.73) and paid ($9.92) amounts than did adults aged 20 to 69 y. Conclusion: The billed amount increased over time, and the paid amount decreased after adjustment for inflation. In addition, there was a wide gap between billed and paid amounts over time. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This study highlights clear differences between paid and billed amounts in Wisconsin dental Medicaid. The financial health of dental practices is dependent on appropriate reimbursement for dental services provided; thus, information of this nature could serve as a proxy performance measure for access to preventive dental care. Findings from this study could be used by policy makers and dental Medicaid program managers to develop outcome metrics to improve access to preventive dental services.
Regulation of PGLYRP1 and TREM-1 during Progression and Resolution of Gingival Inflammation
Authors: Silbereisen A. , Hallak A.K. , Nascimento G.G. , Sorsa T. , Belibasakis G.N. , Lopez R. , Bostanci N. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) signaling pathway is stimulated by bacteria and, together with its putative ligand peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), propagates proinflammatory responses. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the TREM-1/PGLYRP1/interleukin (IL)–1β regulation in response to biofilm accumulation and removal in an experimental human gingivitis model. Methods: The study (n = 42 participants, mean age: 23.8 ± 3.7 y) comprised a recruitment step (day –14) followed by experimentally induced biofilm formation (induction [I] phase, day 0 to +21) and a 2-wk resolution (R) phase (day +21 to +35). Plaque was recorded by the Modified Quigley and Hein Plaque Index (TQHPI), while records of gingival inflammation were based on the Modified Gingival Index (MGI). Unstimulated whole saliva supernatants (n = 210, 5 time points) were tested for TREM-1, PGLYRP1, and IL-1β by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: During the I-phase, concentrations of all analytes showed a tendency for downregulation at day +7 compared to day 0. TREM-1 (P = 0.019) and PGLYRP1 (P = 0.007) increased significantly between day +7 and day +21. Although all analyte levels decreased during the R-phase, the difference was not significant except TREM-1 being at borderline significance (P = 0.058). Moreover, TREM-1, PGLYRP1, and IL-1β showed significant positive correlations (P < 0.0001) with each other. The study participants were grouped into “fast” and “slow” responders based on clinical gingival inflammation scores. At each time point, fast responders showed significantly higher concentrations of TREM-1 (P < 0.025), PGLYRP1 (P < 0.007), and IL-1β (P < 0.025) compared to slow responders. Mixed-effects multilevel regression analyses revealed that PGLYRP1 (P = 0.047) and IL-1β (P = 0.005) showed a significant positive association with the MGI scores. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that TREM-1 and PGLYRP1 are regulated in response to biofilm accumulation and removal, and fast responders demonstrated higher levels of these analytes compared to slow responders. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study demonstrated the suitability of salivary TREM-1 and PGLYRP1 to reflect biofilm accumulation and removal and PGLYRP1 to monitor the progression and resolution of inflammation in gingivitis-susceptible individuals (fast responders). Combined with conventional risk factors, the molecular toolbox proposed here should be further validated in future studies to confirm whether it can be used for population-based monitoring and prevention of gingivitis.
Randomized Double-Blind Phase II Study of Regorafenib in Patients With Metastatic Osteosarcoma
Authors: Davis Lara E. , Bolejack Vanessa , Ryan Christopher W. , Ganjoo Kristen N. , Loggers Elizabeth T. , Chawla Sant , Agulnik Mark , Livingston Michael B. , Reed Damon , Keedy Vicky , Rushing Daniel , Okuno Scott , Reinke Denise K. , Riedel Richard F. , Attia Steven , Mascarenhas Leo , Maki Robert G. 
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE SARC024 is a phase II clinical trial of the multikinase inhibitor regorafenib in specific sarcoma subtypes, including advanced osteosarcoma. We hypothesized that regorafenib would improve progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with sarcoma and report the results of the osteosarcoma cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS This trial enrolled patients with progressive metastatic osteosarcoma with measurable disease by RECIST who had received at least one prior line of therapy. Patients were randomly assigned at a ratio of one to one to regorafenib or placebo. Crossover was allowed at time of disease progression. PFS was the primary end point of the study, which was powered to detect a difference of at least 3 months in median PFS. RESULTS Forty-two patients from 12 centers were enrolled between September 2014 and May 2018. Median age was 37 years (range, 18 to 76 years). Patients had received an average of 2.3 prior therapy regimens. Ten patients receiving placebo crossed over to active drug at time of progression. Study enrollment was stopped early, after a data safety monitoring committee review. Median PFS was significantly improved with regorafenib versus placebo: 3.6 months (95% CI, 2.0 to 7.6 months) versus 1.7 months (95% CI, 1.2 to 1.8 months), respectively (hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.85; P = .017). In the context of the crossover design, there was no statistically significant difference in overall survival. Fourteen (64%) of 22 patients initially randomly assigned to regorafenib experienced grade 3 to 4 events attributed to treatment, including one grade 4 colonic perforation. CONCLUSION The study met its primary end point, demonstrating activity of regorafenib in patients with progressive metastatic osteosarcoma. No new safety signals were observed. Regorafenib should be considered a treatment option for patients with relapsed metastatic osteosarcoma.
Nonparametric Self-Adjusting Control for Joint Learning and Optimization of Multiproduct Pricing with Finite Resource Capacity
Authors: Chen Qi (George) , Jasin Stefanus , Duenyas Izak 
Published: April 2019

We study a multiperiod network revenue management problem where a seller sells multiple products made from multiple resources with finite capacity in an environment where the underlying demand function is a priori unknown (in the nonparametric sense). The objective of the seller is to simultaneously learn the unknown demand function and dynamically price the products to minimize the expected revenue loss. For the problem where the number of selling periods and initial capacity are scaled by [Formula: see text], it is known that the expected revenue loss of any non-anticipating pricing policy is [Formula: see text]. However, there is a considerable gap between this theoretical lower bound and the performance bound of the best-known heuristic control in the literature. In this paper, we propose a nonparametric self-adjusting control and show that its expected revenue loss is [Formula: see text] for any arbitrarily small [Formula: see text], provided that the underlying demand function is sufficiently smooth. This is the tightest bound of its kind for the problem setting that we consider in this paper, and it significantly improves the performance bound of existing heuristic controls in the literature. In addition, our intermediate results on the large deviation bounds for spline estimation and nonparametric stability analysis of constrained optimization are of independent interest and are potentially useful for other applications. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/moor.2018.0937 .