bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iterative Model Reconstruction (IMR) in MDCT Below 2 mSv for the Detection of Urinary Calculi: Diagnostic Accuracy and Image Quality in Comparison to Filtered Back-Projection and 4th Generation Iterative Reconstruction (iDose4)
Authors: Schmidt-Holtz Jakob , Laqmani Azien , Butscheidt Sebastian , Kurfürst Max , Avanesov Maxim , Behzadi Cyrus , Spink Clemens , Veldhoen Simon , Nagel Hans Dieter , Adam Gerhard , Regier Marc 
Published: July 2018

Purpose The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of iterative model reconstruction (IMR) on reader confidence with respect to stone detection and image quality in comparison to filtered back-projection (FBP) and iDose level 4 (iDose4) in abdominal MDCT with radiation doses below 2 mSv.
Materials and Methods For 32 consecutive patients with suspected ureteral stone disease, the raw data of unenhanced 256 slice MDCT (120 kV, 40 reference mAs, mean CTDIvol: 2.7 ± 0.8 mGy, mean DLP: 126 ± 38 mGy × cm) were reconstructed using a prototype version of IMR (levels 1 – 3), iDose4 (level 4) and FBP at a 3 mm slice thickness. Image analysis was independently performed by two radiologists in a blinded fashion. The reader confidence level with respect to stone detection was recorded based on a 5-point scale (1 – certain exclusion; 5 – concrement definitely present) as well as for the evaluation of image quality regarding the depiction of anatomical details (1 – poor; 5 – excellent). A clinical reference standard for stone detection was not established. Statistical evaluation included weighted kappa analysis and Wilcoxon test.
Results 17 pelvic and ureteral stones were found. 11 further concrements were located within the ostium of the urinary bladder or the bladder itself. Applying IMR, a distinct improvement in image quality was observed at every level (mean value for FBP, 2.0; iDose4, 2.9; IMR L1, 4.2; IMR L2, 4.0; IMR L3, 3.9; all p < 0.001). Applying the higher IMR levels L2 and L3, a certain level of so-called “blotchiness” of anatomical contours was observed. Reader confidence was significantly improved and was independent of IMR level (certain stone detection FBP, 69 %; iDose4, 81 %; IMR L1 to L3, 95 %; all p > 0.001). With increasing IMR levels, the reduction in streak artifacts was quantified by a decrease in image noise. A loss of anatomical information was not observed. The sensitivity rates for stone detection were equivalent for all MDCTs reconstructed with FBP, iDose4 and IMR. A mean effective dose of 1.9 ± 0.6 mSv was calculated.
Conclusion In comparison to FBP and iDose4, a significant increase in mean image quality, reduction in image noise and improvement in subjective reader confidence can be achieved by applying IMR even at significantly reduced dose settings below 2 mSv. Results indicate that a further dose reduction might be possible with IMR.
Key Points
Citation Format
Repurposing isoxazoline veterinary drugs for control of vector-borne human diseases
Authors: Miglianico Marie , Eldering Maarten , Slater Hannah , Ferguson Neil , Ambrose Pauline , Lees Rosemary S. , Koolen Karin M. J. , Pruzinova Katerina , Jancarova Magdalena , Volf Petr , Koenraadt Constantianus J. M. , Duerr Hans-Peter , Trevitt Graham , Yang Baiyuan , Chatterjee Arnab K. , Wisler John , Sturm Angelika , Bousema Teun , Sauerwein Robert W. , Schultz Peter G. , Tremblay Matthew S. , Dechering Koen J. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Reduction in clinical cases of vector-borne diseases is strongly dependent on the ability to reduce the number of infectious insect bites. Here we describe a treatment concept based on single-dose administration of an insecticidal isoxazoline drug to a human population, which leads to killing of blood-fed insect vectors and a predicted sharp decline in disease transmission. Based on the long half-life observed in preclinical species, a single human dose of <500 mg is predicted to provide plasma exposure above the insecticidal threshold for longer than 2 months. Importantly, we show that isoxazolines are active against a range of vector species, which holds promise for expanding the concept of drug-based vector control from malaria to leishmaniasis and arboviral diseases.
Adaptation aftereffects reveal representations for encoding of contingent social actions
Authors: Fedorov Leonid A. , Chang Dong-Seon , Giese Martin A. , Bülthoff Heinrich H. , de la Rosa Stephan 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Why is it so easy for humans to interact with each other? In social interactions, humans coordinate their actions with each other nonverbally. For example, dance partners need to relate their actions to each other to coordinate their movements. The underlying neurocognitive mechanisms supporting this ability are surprisingly poorly understood. We show that human brain processes are sensitive to pairs of matching actions that make up a social interaction. These findings provide insights into the perceptual architecture that helps humans to relate actions to each other. This capability is essential for social interactions, and its understanding will aid future development of therapies to treat social cognitive disorders.
Distinct ways of G:U recognition by conserved tRNA binding motifs
Authors: Chong Yeeting E. , Guo Min , Yang Xiang-Lei , Kuhle Bernhard , Naganuma Masahiro , Sekine Shun-ichi , Yokoyama Shigeyuki , Schimmel Paul 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) establish the rules to express the universal genetic code. During aminoacylation, each of the 20 aaRSs associates 1 of 20 amino acids with a specific trinucleotide known as anticodon. Remarkably, for alanyl-tRNAs, the synthetase makes no contact with the anticodon. Instead, it uses a “second genetic code” by picking out a single G3:U70 base pair in the tRNA acceptor stem, which is close to the amino acid attachment site, but 76 Å away from the anticodon. Here, we show that, while in the three kingdoms of life, alanyl-tRNA synthetases use G3:U70 to identify alanyl-tRNAs, surprisingly, they use three different mechanisms to achieve this. We thus suggest that, in evolution, the genetic code had a powerful and persistent preference for associating G:U with alanine.
Subsystem organization of axonal connections within and between the right and left cerebral cortex and cerebral nuclei (endbrain)
Authors: Swanson Larry W. , Hahn Joel D. , Jeub Lucas G. S. , Fortunato Santo , Sporns Olaf 
Published: July 2018

Significance
The right and left cerebral hemispheres (together forming the endbrain) support cognition and affect, and, structurally, each hemisphere consists of a cortical sheet and set of deep nuclei (often called the basal ganglia). Experimental evidence in the literature identified more than 10,000 axonal macroconnections between the 244 gray matter regions of the endbrain, and the global organizing principles of the network formed by these connections were subjected to multiresolution consensus clustering analysis. The result was a hierarchy of subsystems that has only four components at the top level and 60 components at the bottom level. Furthermore, a region’s status as a connectivity hub in a network is not absolute; it depends on the size and coverage of its anatomical neighborhood.
The role and influence of the IMF on economic policy in South Africa’s transition to democracy: the 1993 Compensatory and Contingency Financing Facility revisited
Authors: Padayachee Vishnu , Fine Ben 
Published: July 2018

SUMMARY
Many commentators have pointed to the 1993 International Monetary Fund (IMF) loan, which occurred on the eve of South Africa’s democratic elections, as a key factor in explaining the shift in African National Congress (ANC) economic policy in the 1990s. This argument is now invariably taken for granted. Little understanding of the nature of the Compensatory and Contingency Financing Facility (CCFF) is displayed, nor has any hard evidence been produced to back this argument. Drawing upon previously unseen data and reports from both the National Treasury and the IMF, we show that the IMF loan could not have had such an impact on ANC economic policy thinking.
Transcriptomic Predictors of Paradoxical Cryptococcosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
Authors: Vlasova-St. Louis Irina , Chang Christina C , Shahid Samar , French Martyn A , Bohjanen Paul R 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Paradoxical cryptococcosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (C-IRIS) affects ~25% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) after they commence antiretroviral therapy (ART) resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Genomic studies in cryptococcal meningitis and C-IRIS are rarely performed.

Methods
We assessed whole blood transcriptomic profiles in 54 HIV-infected subjects with CM who developed C-IRIS (27) and compared the results with control subjects (27) who did not experience neurological deterioration over 24 weeks after ART initiation. Samples were analyzed by whole genome microarrays.

Results
The predictor screening algorithms identified the low expression of the components of interferon-driven antiviral defense pathways, such as interferon-inducible genes, and higher expression of transcripts that encode granulocyte-dependent proinflammatory response molecules as predictive biomarkers of subsequent C-IRIS. Subjects who developed early C-IRIS (occurred within 12 weeks of ART initiation) were characterized by upregulation of biomarker transcripts involved in innate immunity such as the inflammasome pathway, whereas those with late C-IRIS events (after 12 weeks of ART) were characterized by abnormal upregulation of transcripts expressed in T, B, and natural killer cells, such as IFNG, IL27, KLRB1, and others. The AIM2, BEX1, and C1QB were identified as novel biomarkers for both early and late C-IRIS events.

Conclusions
An inability to mount effective interferon-driven antiviral immune response, accompanied by a systemic granulocyte proinflammatory signature, prior to ART initiation, predisposes patients to the development of C-IRIS. Although early and late C-IRIS have seemingly similar clinical manifestations, they have different molecular phenotypes (as categorized by bioinformatics analysis) and are driven by contrasting inflammatory signaling cascades.
Analysis of Internet Review Site Comments for Spine Surgeons
Authors: Donnally Chester J. , Roth Eric S. , Li Deborah J. , Maguire James A. , McCormick Johnathon R. , Barker Grant P. , Rivera Sebastian , Lebwohl Nathan H. 
Published: July 2018

Study Design.
Observational study.

Objective.
To evaluate how online patient comments will affect website ratings for spine surgeons.

Summary of Background Data.
With the ever-growing utilization of physician review websites, healthcare consumers are assuming more control over whom they choose for care. We evaluated patient feedback and satisfaction scores of spine surgeons using comments from three leading physician rating websites: Healthgrades.com, Vitals.com, Google.com. This is the largest review of online comments and the largest review of spine surgeon comments.

Methods.
From the North American Spine Society (NASS) membership directory, 210 spine surgeons practicing in Florida (133 orthopedic trained; 77 neurosurgery trained) with online comments available for review were identified, yielding 4701 patient comments. These were categorized according to subject: (1) surgeon competence, (2) surgeon likeability/character, (3) office staff, ease of scheduling, office environment. Type 1 and 2 comments were surgeon-dependent factors whereas type 3 comments were surgeon-independent factors. Patient comments also reported a score (1–5), 5 being the most favorable and 1 being the least favorable.

Results.
There were 1214 (25.8%) comments from Healthgrades, 2839 (60.4%) from Vitals, and 648 (13.8%) from Google. 89.9% (4225) of comments pertained to surgeon outcomes and likeability (comment type 1 and 2), compared with 10.1% (476) surgeon-independent comments (comment type 3) (P < 0.0001). There was a significantly higher number of favorable ratings associated with surgeon-dependent comments (types 1 and 2) compared with surgeon-independent comments (type 3). Surgeon-independent comments were associated with significantly lower scores compared with comments regarding surgeon-dependent factors on all review sites.

Conclusion.
Spine surgeons are more likely to receive favorable reviews for factors pertaining to outcomes, likeability/character, and negative reviews based on ancillary staff interactions, billing, and office environment. Surgeons should continue to take an active role in modifying factors patients perceive as negative, even if not directly related to the physician.

Level of Evidence: 3
The impact of the ‘open’ workspace on human collaboration
Authors: Bernstein Ethan S. , Turban Stephen 
Published: July 2018

Organizations’ pursuit of increased workplace collaboration has led managers to transform traditional office spaces into ‘open’, transparency-enhancing architectures with fewer walls, doors and other spatial boundaries, yet there is scant direct empirical research on how human interaction patterns change as a result of these architectural changes. In two intervention-based field studies of corporate headquarters transitioning to more open office spaces, we empirically examined—using digital data from advanced wearable devices and from electronic communication servers—the effect of open office architectures on employees' face-to-face, email and instant messaging (IM) interaction patterns. Contrary to common belief, the volume of face-to-face interaction decreased significantly (approx. 70%) in both cases, with an associated increase in electronic interaction. In short, rather than prompting increasingly vibrant face-to-face collaboration, open architecture appeared to trigger a natural human response to socially withdraw from officemates and interact instead over email and IM. This is the first study to empirically measure both face-to-face and electronic interaction before and after the adoption of open office architecture. The results inform our understanding of the impact on human behaviour of workspaces that trend towards fewer spatial boundaries.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Interdisciplinary approaches for uncovering the impacts of architecture on collective behaviour’.
Predicting collective behaviour at the Hajj: place, space and the process of cooperation
Authors: Alnabulsi Hani , Drury John , Templeton Anne 
Published: July 2018

Around 2 million pilgrims attend the annual Hajj to Mecca and the holy places, which are subject to dense crowding. Both architecture and psychology can be part of disaster risk reduction in relation to crowding, since both can affect the nature of collective behaviour—particularly cooperation—among pilgrims. To date, collective behaviour at the Hajj has not been systematically investigated from a psychological perspective. We examined determinants of cooperation in the Grand Mosque and plaza during the pilgrimage. A questionnaire survey of 1194 pilgrims found that the Mosque was perceived by pilgrims as one of the most crowded ritual locations. Being in the plaza (compared with the Mosque) predicted the extent of cooperation, though crowd density did not. Shared social identity with the crowd explained more of the variance than both location and density. We examined some of the process underlying cooperation. The link between shared social identity and giving support to others was stronger in the plaza than in the Mosque, and suggests the role of place and space in modulating processes of cooperation in crowds. These findings have implications for disaster risk reduction and for applications such as computer simulations of crowds in pilgrimage locations.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Interdisciplinary approaches for uncovering the impacts of architecture on collective behaviour’.
Nearly all new protein-coding predictions in the CHESS database are not protein-coding
Authors: Jungreis Irwin , Tress Michael L. , Mudge Jonathan , Sisu Cristina , Hunt Toby , Johnson Rory , Uszczynska-Ratajczak Barbara , Lagarde Julien , Wright James , Muir Paul , Gerstein Mark , Guigo Roderic , Kellis Manolis , Frankish Adam , Flicek Paul ,   The GENCODE Consortium
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn a 2018 paper posted to bioRxiv, Pertea et al. presented the CHESS database, a new catalog of human gene annotations that includes 1,178 new protein-coding predictions. These are based on evidence of transcription in human tissues and homology to earlier annotations in human and other mammals. Here, we reanalyze the evidence used by CHESS, and find that nearly all protein-coding predictions are false positives. We find that 86% overlap transposons marked by RepeatMasker that are known to frequently result in false positive protein-coding predictions. More than half are homologous to only nine Alu-derived primate sequences corresponding to an erroneous and previously withdrawn Pfam protein domain. The entire set shows poor evolutionary conservation and PhyloCSF protein-coding evolutionary signatures indistinguishable from noncoding RNAs, indicating lack of protein-coding constraint. Only four predictions are supported by mass spectrometry evidence, and even those matches are inconclusive. Overall, the new protein-coding predictions are unsupported by any credible experimental or evolutionary evidence of function, result primarily from homology to genes incorrectly classified as protein-coding, and are unlikely to encode functional proteins.
Reassortment, positive selection, and the inter-segmental patterns of divergence and polymorphism in influenza virus H3N2
Authors: Kim Kangchon , Park Yeongseon , Kim Yuseob 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTReassortment in viruses with segmented genome is a major evolutionary process for their genetic diversity and adaptation. It is also crucial in generating different levels of sequence polymorphism among segments when positive selection occurs at different rates on them. Previous studies have detected intra-subtype reassortment events in human influenza H3N2 by between-segment incongruity in phylogenetic tree topology. Here, we quantitatively estimate the reassortment rate, probability that a pair of segments in a viral lineage become separated in a unit time, between hemmaglutinin (HA) and four non-antigenic segments (PB2, PB1, PA and NP) in human influenza virus H3N2. Using statistics that measure incongruity in tree topology or linkage disequilibrium between segments and performing simulations that are constrained to reproduce the various patterns of H3N2 molecular evolution, we infer that reassortment rate ranges between 0.001 and 0.01 assuming one generation to be 1/80 year. However, we find that a higher rate of reassortment is required to generate the observed pattern of ~40% less synonymous sequence polymorphism on HA relative to other non-HA segments, which results from recurrent selective sweeps by antigenic variants on the HA segment. Here, synonymous diversity was compared after correcting for difference in inferred mutation rates among segments, which we found significant. We also explored analytic approximations for inter-segmental difference in sequence diversity for a given reassortment rate to understand the underlying dynamics of recurrent positive selection. It is suggested that the effects of clonal interference and potentially demography-dependent rate of reassortment in the process of recurrent selective sweeps must be considered to fully explain the genomic pattern of diversity in H3N2 viruses.
Exploring selected antecedents of consumer–brand identification
Authors: Tuškej Urška , Podnar Klement 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how brand anthropomorphism (BA), consumer–brand engagement (CBE), consumer skepticism and brand prestige influence consumer–brand identification (CBI).Design/methodology/approachThe proposed theoretical model is tested using structural equation modelling approach on the data gathered from 464 consumers.FindingsThe paper shows that being more engaged in consumer–brand interactions and perceiving a brand as more humanlike and prestigious increases consumer’s identification with product brands. On the other hand, consumer skepticism towards advertising only slightly decreases their identification. CBI is shown to have a strong positive influence on brand loyalty.Research limitations/implicationsThe study restricts itself to those brands that consumers know well and are somehow close to them. It might prove worthwhile to replicate the study to broaden the inferences beyond the criteria used in this study.Practical implicationsTo strengthen consumers’ identification with their brands, organisations should maintain a focus on interactions with their target consumers. Specifically, companies should expose their human-like character and engage consumers in company’s offerings. Also, companies should take care for keeping their competitive edge to be perceived as more prestigious than the competition.Originality/valueWhile previous papers studying drivers of CBI focused mainly on brand associations that help satisfy one of consumer’s self-definitional need, this paper aims to define the drivers of CBI by examining the origins of consumer’s interactions with brands. The paper proposes CBE and BA as two vital antecedents of CBI.
Environmental globalization
Authors: Allegretti Gabriela , Santos Omar Inácio Benedetti , Hasenack Heinrich , Bauaze Ivandro Xavier Lucas , Riva Fabiana , Mores Giana de Vargas , Talamini Edson 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an alternative viewpoint to better manage the global natural resources using the case of soybean international market as a baseline and water as the natural resource, although the product and natural resource could be any other.Design/methodology/approachThe case of Brazilian soya production and the international soybean market was used to illustrate the commodities and agricultural use of water, a global and finite natural resource. The water footprint analysis was applied to balance the international water trade associated to soybean exportation.FindingsThe net water balance indicates that Brazil is more efficient in the water use to soybean production considering water origin (types of water) and availability. That implies a benefit for soybean importers from Brazil who does not internalize this natural input in the cost of their products.Research limitations/implicationsThe alternatives proposed and discussed in this essay are far from being complete and definitive. The details of their implications are beyond the scope and purpose of this essay. However, it may be the starting point for a wider academic and political debate.Practical implicationsThere are externalities in the soybean market that are generating environmental and social costs. Those costs could be minimized by a fair international market that internalizes the costs of using finite natural resources. For that, adequate public policies should be designed, implemented and maintained. The monetary funds obtained from internalization of costs in water use could be addressed to research devoted to enlarge the water saving practices.Originality/valueFrom a discussion about the fundamental role of natural resources in the maintenance of mankind life and the implications of its irrational use, a global governance of natural resources is being proposed. As practical actions for global governance, a green soybean, marketed under a water seal, has been discussed.