bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinal vessel oxygen saturation and vessel diameter in healthy individuals during high‐altitude exposure
Authors: Yang Yiquan , Yang Diya , Sun Yunxiao , Xie Yuan , Zhang Zheng , Li Shuning , Wu Shizheng , Wang Ningli 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo assess changes of retinal vessel oxygen saturation and vessel diameter in healthy individuals during high‐altitude exposure.MethodsRetinal oxygen saturation and vessel diameter were obtained at sea level (SL, 40 m) and high altitude (HA, 3681 m) on 17 healthy individuals from Beijing (six males, 28.06 ± 8.06 years) using Oxymap T1 and then compared with 21 residents from Yushu (10 males, 28.63 ± 6.00 years). Systemic and ocular parameters were also measured before and after high‐altitude exposure. Data were presented as mean ± SD and analysed using paired and independent Student t‐test with significance accepted at p < 0.05.ResultsShort‐term high‐altitude exposure of Beijing Group significantly affected all the systemic and ocular parameters, as well as retinal oxygen saturation and vessel diameter ranging from overall quadrant to different quadrants, other than retinal venous oxygen saturation and retinal arterial diameter. However, these changes were not evident in those permanently living at HA. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed correlations between retinal oxygen saturation and systemic and ocular parameters (all p < 0.05). The multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that retinal arterial oxygen saturation was significantly associated with arterial peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and subfoveal choroidal thickness.ConclusionShort‐term exposure to HA induces retinal microcirculation disturbance and auto‐regulatory response in healthy individuals, which is probably attributed to arterial SpO2 and endothelial dysfunction under hypoxic conditions.
‘Best friends forever’? Friendship stability across school transition and associations with mental health and educational attainment
Authors: Ng‐Knight Terry , Shelton Katherine H. , Riglin Lucy , Frederickson Norah , McManus I. C. , Rice Frances 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundFriendships have been linked to mental health and school attainment in children. The effects of friendlessness and friendship quality have been well researched, but less is known about the role of friendship stability (i.e., maintaining the same friend over time), an aspect of friendship which is often interrupted by the transition between phases of schooling. Many children report concerns about the secondary school transition which introduces a number of new social and academic challenges for children.AimsTo explore rates of friendship stability and whether maintaining a stable best friend across the primary to secondary school transition provided benefits to children's adjustment during this period.SampleData were from 593 children (M age = 11 years 2 months).MethodsThis study used longitudinal data from children transitioning into 10 UK secondary schools and explored the association between self‐reported friendship stability and three outcomes: academic attainment, emotional problems and conduct problems. Analyses controlled for friendship quality and pre‐transition psychological adjustment or attainment as appropriate.ResultsRates of friendship stability were relatively low during this period. Children who kept the same best friend had higher academic attainment and lower levels of conduct problems. Exploratory analyses indicated that secondary school policies that group children based on friendships may support friendship stability.ConclusionsHelping maintain children's best friendships during the transition to secondary school may contribute to higher academic performance and better mental health.
Undergraduates’ perception and engagement in Facebook learning groups
Authors: Hong Yvonne , Gardner Lesley 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study presents and evaluates the educational potentials that Social Network Services (SNS) offer to students in the higher education context. The first aim of this study is to explore students’ perceptions of Facebook Learning Groups (ie, Facebook Groups that were created for learning purposes), and the learning and affective benefits that SNS offer to students. This study further explores the influence of four identified factors (ie, self‐efficacy, privacy, trust and presence of teaching members) in moderating students’ perception and learning engagements on SNS. Findings from an online survey demonstrate the usefulness of these learning groups. Trust and presence of teaching members were also indicated to have significant influences in affecting students’ perception and engagement in Facebook Learning Groups.
Scaffolding learning of language structures with visual‐syntactic text formatting
Authors: Park Youngmin , Xu Ying , Collins Penelope , Farkas George , Warschauer Mark 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe current study examines the effects of digital scaffolding on the English literacy of fourth‐ and sixth‐grade students. A total of 1085 native English‐speaking and language minority students from 25 treatment classes and 20 control classes across three school districts participated in this study for one school year. Treatment students read their English language arts and social studies text in visual‐syntactic text format (VSTF) on their laptops and control students read the regular block format of the textbook either on their laptops or in print. Observations and interviews revealed that VSTF reading facilitated instruction processes and student learning in reading activities. The results of California Standard Tests (CST) before and after the treatment revealed that sixth‐graders who received syntactic scaffolding outperformed control students on the composite CST score. In particular, reading in VSTF benefited the treatment students in three CST sub‐categories: word analysis, written conventions and writing strategies. This study suggests that future research should investigate instructional strategies that support reading and writing development of adolescents, including at‐risk students, using syntactic scaffolding.
Effects of integrating a concept mapping‐based summarization strategy into flipped learning on students’ reading performances and perceptions in Chinese courses
Authors: Hwang Gwo‐Jen , Chen Mei‐Rong Alice , Sung Han‐Yu , Lin Meng‐Hsuan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe capability of reading comprehension is one of the essential skills for learning different topics, and has been recognized as a challenging objective in the Chinese curriculum. In this study, a concept mapping‐based summarization strategy was incorporated into flipped learning to improve students’ reading comprehension. The participants of the study were 45 fifth graders from two Mandarin Chinese classes at an elementary school in Taiwan. None of the students had previous flipped learning experience. A pretest and posttest of reading comprehension as well as pre‐ and post‐questionnaires for measuring the students’ reading motivation, self‐efficacy, and cognitive load were conducted. The experimental results show that the proposed approach improved the students’ summarization skills, while the impact of the approach on students’ reading comprehension was not significant. Moreover, reading comprehension and self‐efficacy showed a positive correlation, and self‐efficacy was positively correlated with both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Consequently, it is concluded that employing concept mapping with the summarization strategy in flipped learning and students’ summarization ability are directly related, but there may be an indirect relationship with reading comprehension.

Practitioner Notes
What is already known about this topic

The capability of reading comprehension has been recognized as a challenging objective in the Chinese curriculum.
It is time‐consuming and difficult to train students in all kinds of reading skills in class.
Flipped learning could be one of the approaches to solving this dilemma as it provides more practice and interaction time with peers and teachers in class.
The acquisition of new skills can be technically demanding.
The difficulty levels of the skills to be acquired should be considered.
What this paper adds

A concept mapping‐based summarization strategy for flipped learning is proposed to enhance students’ summarization and reading comprehension in a Mandarin Chinese course.
The proposed approach improved the students’ summarization skills.
When learning with the proposed approach, students’ reading comprehension and self‐efficacy showed a positive correlation, and self‐efficacy was positively correlated with both intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Combining concept mapping with the summarization strategy in flipped learning mode has good potential to improve students’ summarization skills.
Dynamic instructional strategies in reading should be promoted to stimulate critical and creative thinking.
Flipped video assignments at students’ own levels should be considered.
Functional principles of steerable multi‐element probes in insects
Authors: Cerkvenik Uroš , Dodou Dimitra , van Leeuwen Johan L. , Gussekloo Sander W. S. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTHemipterans, mosquitoes, and parasitic wasps probe in a variety of substrates to find hosts for their larvae or food sources. Probes capable of sensing and precise steering enable insects to navigate through solid substrates without visual information and to reach targets that are hidden deep inside the substrate. The probes belong to non‐related taxa and originate from abdominal structures (wasps) or mouthparts (hemipterans and mosquitoes), but nevertheless share several morphological characteristics. Although the transport function clearly differs (egg laying and acquisition of liquid food), the functional demands on the mechanical behaviour of the probe within the substrate tend to be similar. The probe needs to be thin to limit substrate deformation, and long, in order to attain substantial path lengths or depths. We linked the morphology across taxa to the different functional requirements, to provide insights into the biology of probing insects and the evolution of their probes.Current knowledge of insect probes is spread over many taxa, which offers the possibility to derive general characteristics of insect probing. Buckling during initial puncturing is limited by external support mechanisms. The probe itself consist of multiple (3–6) parts capable of sliding along one another. This multi‐part construction presumably enables advancement and precise three‐dimensional steering of the probe through the substrate with very low net external pushing forces, preventing buckling during substrate penetration. From a mechanical viewpoint, a minimum of three elements is required for 3D steering and volumetric exploration, as realised in the ovipositors of wasps. More elements, such as in six‐element probes of mosquitoes, may enhance friction in soft substrates. Alternatively, additional elements can have functions other than ‘drilling’, such as saliva injection in mosquitoes.Despite the gross similarities, probes show differences in their cross sections, tip morphologies, relative lengths of their elements, and the shape of their interconnections. The hypothesis is that the probe morphology is influenced by the substrate properties, which are mostly unknown. Correlating the observed diversity to substrate‐specific functional demands is therefore currently impossible.We conclude that a multipart probe with sliding elements is highly effective for volumetric substrate probing. Shared functional demands have led to an evolutionary convergence of slender multi‐element probes in disparate insect taxa. To fully understand 3D probing, it is necessary to study the sensory and material properties, as well as the detailed kinematics and dynamics of the various probes in relation to the nature of the selective pressure originating from the species‐specific substrates. Such knowledge will deepen our understanding of probing mechanisms and may support the development of slender, bio‐inspired probes.
Thymoquinone inhibits the metastasis of renal cell cancer cells by inducing autophagy via AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Yujiao , Fan Yizeng , Huang Shangke , Wang Guanying , Han Rui , Lei Fuxi , Luo Anqi , Jing Xin , Zhao Lin , Gu Shanzhi , Zhao Xinhan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThymoquinone (TQ, 2‐methyl‐5‐isopropyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone), a bioactive constituent extracted from the seeds of Nigella sativa, has been proved to exert anti‐tumor efficiency in various cancers. Autophagy is a self‐digestion phenomenon, and its role in tumor formation and progression remains controversial. In the present study, we investigated the effects of TQ on renal cell cancer (RCC) cell lines (786‐O and ACHN) using wound healing assay, transwell assay and western blot analysis. We found that TQ effectively inhibited the metastatic capacity of RCC cells in vitro, which was also verified in a xenograft model. Meanwhile, we observed LC3 puncta and detected the expression of LC3 in TQ‐treated RCC cells, and then found that autophagy was induced by TQ in 786‐O and ACHN cell lines. In addition, TQ inhibited the migration and invasion as well as the EMT in RCC cells in an autophagy‐dependent manner. To further explore the underlying mechanism, we detected the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. The results indicated that TQ inhibited the metastasis of RCC cells by inducing autophagy via AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings provide a novel therapeutic strategy that aims at TQ‐induced autophagy in RCC treatment.
A support programme for caregivers of children with disabilities in Ghana: Understanding the impact on the wellbeing of caregivers
Authors: Zuurmond Maria , Nyante Gifty , Baltussen Marjolein , Seeley Janet , Abanga Jedidia , Shakespeare Tom , Collumbien Martine , Bernays Sarah 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundFour fifths of the estimated 150 million children with disability in the world live in resource poor settings where the role of the family is crucial in ensuring that these children survive and thrive. Despite their critical role, evidence is lacking on how to provide optimal support to these families. This study explores the impact of a participatory training programme for caregivers delivered through a local support group, with a focus on understanding caregiver wellbeing.MethodsA qualitative longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the impact of a training programme, “getting to know cerebral palsy,” with caregivers on their wellbeing. Eighteen caregivers, from four districts, were interviewed up to three times over 14 months, to assess impact and the reasons for any changes.ResultsLow levels of knowledge, high levels of stigma, physical and emotional exhaustion, and often difficult family relationships with social exclusion of the child and caregiver were common themes at the outset. Caregivers struggled to combine their caring and economic activities. This was exacerbated by the common absence of the father. Two months after completion of the training, their reported wellbeing had improved. The reasons for this were an improved understanding about their child's condition, positive attitudinal change towards their child, feelings of hope, and through the group support, a profound realisation that they are “not on their own.” While relationships within the family remained complex in many cases, the support group offered an important and alternative social support network.ConclusionsThis study illustrates the many benefits of a relatively simple caregiver intervention, which has the potential to offer a mechanism to provide sustainable social support for caregivers and children with cerebral palsy. Any future programme needs to also address more structural issues, including stigma and discrimination, and strengthen approaches to family engagement.
Ten‐year reinvestigation of ocular manifestations in Marfan syndrome
Authors: Sandvik Gunhild F. , Vanem Thy T. , Rand‐Hendriksen Svend , Cholidis Symira , Sæthre Marit , Drolsum Liv 
Published: September 2018

ImportanceLong‐term follow‐up of Marfan syndrome (MFS) patients.BackgroundInvestigate changes in ocular features in MFS patients fulfilling the Ghent‐2 criteria following a period of 10 years.DesignRepeated cross‐sectional study with two observations.ParticipantsEighty‐four MFS patients were investigated in 2003‐2004 (baseline). Forty‐four of these patients (52%) were examined after 10 years.MethodsA comprehensive ocular examination performed at baseline and follow‐up.Main Outcome MeasuresDevelopment or progression of ectopia lentis (EL).ResultsAt follow‐up, mean age was 50.1 ± 11.9 years (range: 30‐80 years), 74% were female and 70% of the patients were diagnosed with EL compared to 66% at baseline. Two patients (3 eyes) had developed EL over the decade, representing a 13% risk. Furthermore, one eye had progressed from a subtle tilt of the lens to dislocation. We found no significant change in the axial length (P = 0.96), the corneal curvature (P = 0.64) or the spherical equivalent (P = 0.23). Best corrected visual acuity was improved at follow‐up (P = 0.02). There were 7% and 33% risks for development of retinal detachment and cataract between baseline and follow‐up, respectively.Conclusions and RelevanceOur study indicates that even though EL typically occurs at an early stage in most MFS patients, there is still a risk of developing EL in adulthood. The risk of developing vision‐threatening complications such as retinal detachment and cataract was much higher than in the normal population, but even so, the visual potential of the MFS patients was relatively good.
Influence of the abutment height and connection timing in early peri‐implant marginal bone changes: A prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Borges Tiago , Leitão Bruno , Pereira Miguel , Carvalho Ágata , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to compare the influence of the abutment height and insertion timing on early marginal bone loss (MBL) in posterior mandibular partial implant‐supported restorations.Material and methodsThe study was planned as a prospective, randomized, controlled parallel group including subjects in need of at least two implants for the restoration of an edentulous posterior mandibular area. The patients were allocated into Groups A (implants immediately connected to 2‐mm height abutments), B (immediately connected 1‐mm height abutments), and C (2‐mm abutments were inserted in a second‐stage surgery). Each subject was placed in a 1‐year follow‐up program, including examination assessment of various soft tissue and bone‐level parameters.ResultsA total of thirty‐three patients, including sixty‐eight implants, were enrolled in this study. One implant was lost on group C after the first month of healing. A mean MBL change of 0.719 ± 0.361, 0.651 ± 0.379, and 0.754 ± 0.672 mm was computed for groups A, B, and C, respectively, with no significant differences found. The early MBL at T1 was an independent predictor variable for the marginal bone alterations that were assessed at T3 (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe first‐month MBL variation is a predictor factor of the bone alterations that might occur after 1 year of treatment. The early connection of final prosthetic abutments with distinct heights does not seem to reduce the 1‐year MBL rate when compared with traditional treatment protocols.
Distribution models predict large contractions of habitat‐forming seaweeds in response to ocean warming
Authors: Martínez Brezo , Radford Ben , Thomsen Mads S. , Connell Sean D. , Carreño Francisco , Bradshaw Corey J. A. , Fordham Damien A. , Russell Bayden D. , Gurgel C. Frederico D. , Wernberg Thomas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimUnderstanding the relative importance of climatic and non‐climatic distribution drivers for co‐occurring, functionally similar species is required to assess potential consequences of climate change. This understanding is, however, lacking for most ecosystems. We address this knowledge gap and forecast changes in distribution for habitat‐forming seaweeds in one of the world's most species‐rich temperate reef ecosystems.LocationThe Great Southern Reef. The full extent of Australia's temperate coastline.MethodsWe assessed relationships between climatic and non‐climatic environmental data known to influence seaweed, and the presence of 15 habitat‐forming seaweeds. Distributional data (herbarium records) were analysed with MAXENT and generalized linear and additive models, to construct species distribution models at 0.2° spatial resolution, and project possible distribution shifts under the RCP 6.0 (medium) and 2.6 (conservative) emissions scenarios of ocean warming for 2100.ResultsSummer temperatures, and to a lesser extent winter temperatures, were the strongest distribution predictors for temperate habitat‐forming seaweeds in Australia. Projections for 2100 predicted major poleward shifts for 13 of the 15 species, on average losing 78% (range: 36%–100%) of their current distributions under RCP 6.0 and 62% (range: 27%–100%) under RCP 2.6. The giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) and three prominent fucoids (Durvillaea potatorum, Xiphophora chondrophylla and Phyllospora comosa) were predicted to become extinct from Australia under RCP 6.0. Many species currently distributed up the west and east coasts, including the dominant kelp Ecklonia radiata (71% and 49% estimated loss for RPC 6.0 and 2.6, respectively), were predicted to become restricted to the south coast.Main conclusionsIn close accordance with emerging observations in Australia and globally, our study predicted major range contractions of temperate seaweeds in coming decades. These changes will likely have significant impacts on marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning because large seaweeds are foundation species for 100s of habitat‐associated plants and animals, many of which are socio‐economically important and endemic to southern Australia.
Online Review Characteristics and Trust: A Cross‐Country Examination
Authors: Dong Beibei , Li Mei , Sivakumar K. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTConsumers and companies are increasingly concerned about fake reviews posted online. To make appropriate managerial decisions about online reviews, it is crucial to understand what drives consumer trust in online reviews. Research examining the linkage between online reviews and trust is sporadic and lacks a comprehensive framework. To address this gap, this research investigates the individual and joint impact of three review attributes—valence, rationality, and source—on the benevolence, ability, and integrity dimensions of trustworthiness of the reviewer, which further determines trust in online reviews. Using behavioral experiments, the study finds that positive reviews, factual reviews, and reviews appearing on social networks lead to perceptions of greater benevolence, ability, and integrity than negative reviews, emotional reviews, and reviews appearing on retailer sites, respectively. In addition, review rationality and review source moderate the link between review valence and the dimensions of reviewer trustworthiness: the effect of valence is stronger for emotional reviews than for factual reviews and for retailer sites than for social networks. Furthermore, the study analyzes data from the United States and China to examine generalizability and cultural nuances of the proposed relationships. This study provides important insights into consumer trust in online reviews and offers guidelines for decision making in communication strategy, system design, and operations by manufacturers, retailers, service providers, and online platforms to more effectively manage online reviews.