bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SMARCB1‐deficient renal medullary carcinoma with an EML4::ALK fusion gene in a Japanese woman
Authors: Nobuoka Megumi , Mukawa Tatsuya , Iwaya Mai , Shigeto Shohei , Minagawa Tomonori , Uehara Takeshi , Akiyama Yoshiyuki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRenal medullary carcinoma is a rare, high‐grade carcinoma arising in the renal medulla, which is usually associated with sickle cell trait, and there are very few documented cases in the Japanese population. We report a case of renal medullary carcinoma, immunohistochemically defined as SMARCB1 deficient, in a 67‐year‐old Japanese woman without a history of sickle cell trait. Somatic mutation of SMARCB1 and an EML4::ALK fusion gene were identified by comprehensive genomic profiling. Computed tomography revealed metastatic lesions in the retrocaval lymph nodes, liver, and bronchus. Six cycles of the dose‐dense methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, and cisplatin‐combined chemotherapy were completed after an ultrasound‐guided percutaneous biopsy of the renal tumor. After chemotherapy, the size of the original tumor in the right kidney had decreased in size, as well as the other metastatic lesions.
Socioeconomic Disparities, Service Equity, and Citizen Satisfaction: Cross‐National Evidence
Authors: Song Miyeon , An Seung‐Ho , Yang Sun Gue (Susan) 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe literature on citizen satisfaction has predominantly focused on the key factors of service quality, with scant attention paid to the role of equity. Furthermore, these studies often rely on a single demographic identity within a single country, limiting their scope. This study aims to address these gaps by examining how outcome disparities based on socioeconomic status (SES) affect satisfaction with service providers across countries. Using a cross‐national education database, we employ three SES measures—education, income, and occupation—to test how disparities in student performance across SES groups affect parents' satisfaction with schools. Our findings show that parents in less professional occupations express lower satisfaction with schools when their children underperform compared with students whose parents hold more professional jobs. However, this relationship does not exist for education‐ or income‐based disparities. This study advances the understanding of how outcome disparities based on SES are associated with citizen satisfaction.
The Research and Application of Innovative Deep Power Reduction Technologies That Reach as Low as 20% of The Rated Load
Authors: Li Li , Feng Weizhong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Carbon neutrality has quickly become a world-shared mission in the past years. In September 2020, Chinese government announced its target of achieving carbon emission peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060. Under this background, wind and solar power are soaring in both installed capacity and power generation. While for coal-fired power units, flexibility especially deep power reduction capacity became extremely important and necessary because it can make room for more wind and solar power and ensure the safety of power grid meanwhile. However, ultra-low load condition is very challenging for coal-fired power units especially the boilers. The main challenges can be summarized as 6 aspects: the stability of boiler combustion; the hydrodynamic characteristics of one-through boiler; the safe operation of the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) denitration system; the sulfuric acid condensation and resultant blockage at the air preheater’s cold end; the sharp unit efficiency drop; the decoupling of heat and power loads for combined heat and power units. Many attempts to solve the above problems have a common shortcoming that the improvement of one aspect is at the cost of other performances, like unit efficiency, safety or investment. Due to the complexity and difficulty of the deep power reduction, most of the coal-fired power units can hardly achieve a load rate lower than 40%. Our team, however, has developed innovative deep power reduction technologies that based on the whole thermal system of the unit, rather than the individual equipment like the boiler itself. The core of these technologies is a series of the Generalized Regeneration technologies that can greatly improve the operating condition of the boiler. These technologies have been successfully applied on several units. One representative project is a 320MW subcritical unit that its lowest operating load achieves as lower as 20% of rated load, certificated by the authoritative third party with a formal test. Another project is a national demonstration project. Despite its highest design net efficiency (48.9% LHV under rated condition) in the world, this 1350MW double reheat USC unit also achieves lowest load as 20% of rated load during commissioning, with its waterwall separator still being overheated and the unit efficiency drops only about 40% of other units can achieve. These state-of-the-art innovative technologies can help the power generation industry to reduce remarkable carbon emission and ensure the safety of power grid meanwhile.
Energy and Exergy Modelling of a Two Black Start Diesel Engines Integration in the Combined Cycle Gas Turbine
Authors: Strušnik Dušan , Agrež Marko , Avsec Jurij 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Energy and exergy modelling of the integration of two black start diesel engines (BSDE) and the combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) analyses the possibilities of using exhaust gas heat and cooling water heat released by working of two BSDEs and in the existing system discharged into the environment. In the case of a non-voltage start-up, two BSDEs can provide not only electricity, but also thermal energy for heating the high-pressure drum (HPD) of the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), which is essential for a fast-cold start of the plant. Since the gas turbine does not have a direct discharge of flue gases into the environment, it does not have a bypass stack, all flue gases travel through the HRSG. However, for a fast-cold start of the system, it must be preheated to at least 393 K according to the HPD of the HRSG manufacturer’s instructions. In addition to using the heat of the exhaust gases to preheat the HPD, the heat of the cooling water of both BSDEs is also used for the purposes of heating the buildings. The advantage of using the heat from the exhaust gas and cooling water of BSDE is, therefore, reflected in increased energy and exergy efficiency, which permits the use of BSDE in other cases of increased demand for electricity as well. A vital aspect of the optimization is the secure supply of heat to the HPD, which cannot be provided by the existing auxiliary sources in the event of a power grid failure. The energy and exergy modelling of BSDE integration in CCTG has shown that it is possible to maintain the temperature in the HPD needed for fast starting the CCGT installation by additionally installing a heat transfer in the BSDE exhaust system. The results show that two BSDEs can exhaust gases, heat an HPD up to 393 K as fast as in 16 minutes. The heating time, however, depends on the load of both BSDEs. The use of heat from both BSDEs also increases the energy efficiency by an average of 35.96 % and also increases the exergy efficiency by an average of 14.05 %.
Case Study: Steam Turbine Modernization – Successful Brownfield Exchange of a 55-Year-Old Steam Turbine-Generator at GRU’s JR Kelly Unit 8 CCPP
Authors: Little Lonnie , Heidt Chuck , Bunn Mary Ann Rapp 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Many steam turbine modernizations projects evaluated today are viewed by operators with focus to mitigate risk, minimize outage time, and maintain reliability, while getting the best cost-benefit possible. This technical paper will take you through the steps on how the owner/operator, Gainesville Regional Utilities (GRU), began evaluating traditional modernization approaches for their JR Kelly Unit 8, re-evaluating alternatives from multiple suppliers, and eventually selecting a Brownfield Steam Turbine Generator Exchange (BEX) as the most technically viable and economic solution to support their current and future power plant needs. Utilizing a brownfield exchange concept, known most typically to be associated with gas turbines, this approach involved removal of the entire original steam turbine-generator unit and replacement with new latest technology steam turbine-generator components, while re-using the turbine building, condenser cooling, and electrical connections.
Siemens Energy Inc. (Siemens Energy) provided this Florida utility with a comprehensive package which included demolition of the existing turbine-generator equipment, integration engineering services, supply and delivery of a new steam turbine-generator set, gear box, field installation components, technical field assistance services, field installation services, start up and commissioning services, and performance testing services. Major components were skid mounted and installed onto existing turbine deck. The project was implemented in Spring 2021 during the height of the Covid pandemic, which presented additional challenges to the stakeholders and will be discussed. Authors include GRU Project Manager, GRU Manager of Outage Planning & Major Maintenance, and Siemens Energy Steam Turbine Modernization Project Lead, who will share their critical perspectives of the project.
Diagnosis and Resolution of Functional Failure of Oil Operated Trip and Throttle Extraction Steam Valve Installed on HTC 15 MW Steam Turbine
Authors: Qureshi Fahad , Saad Muhammad , Ahmed Faheem 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There is limited literature available when it comes to fault finding of oil operated control valves associated with power plants. This limitation is further aggravated due to lack of Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) support in remote settings. This paper provides a detailed study on the learnings captured from the functional failure of oil operated trip and throttle valve (OOTTV) installed at the extraction steam line of steam turbine at a petrochemical plant in Pakistan. Engro Polymer and Chemicals (EPCL), a Chlor Vinyl complex has a captive power plant consisting of one combined cycle power plant (CCPP), having two gas turbines (make: Hitachi) each having 22.5 MW capacity and one extraction condensing steam turbine having 15 MW capacity (make: HTC). Besides, one 6.75 MW SGT-200 1S gas turbine (make: Alstom) is also available. In this paper, first an explanation on schematics and operation & maintenance regime of steam turbine and associated circuit at EPCL is discussed. Then failure event and approach involved in identification of root cause is presented followed by constraints tackled, findings gathered and rectification of the valve. Lastly, gaps in operation and maintenance (O & M) regime have been identified and revised plan has been developed after benchmarking which will increase reliability of the unit.
Cooling System Evaluation of 15kWe Class Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell for Power Source of Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Son Hyeyoung , Kim Younghyeon , Yu Sangseok 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is applicable for the power generation of various mobility systems. As the required power is enlarged, the fuel cell also requires a large capacity cooling system to reject the heat generated by electro-chemical reactions. In general, the heat rejection of high-power fuel cell is conducted by liquid water, but aerial vehicles require air cooling as they need lightweight to increase payload.
In this study, the cooling system performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack for aerial vehicles are evaluated with Aspen Custom Modeler. Then the two cooling systems are compared, the conventional system and the system with evaporative heat rejection through the radiator. The evaporation water is assumed to be captured from products of electrochemical reactions. In order to predict the amount of water discharged from the fuel cell outlet, it is necessary to simulate the water permeation passing through the electrolyte membrane, so the model developed in this study includes a differential model of channel flow of the cathode and the anode. The results show that evaporative cooling significantly reduces the size of radiator and the parasitic losses of cooling system.
Investigation of Cascade Cooling System for Dynamic Operation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Yu Sangseok , Woo Jongbin , Kim Younghyeon 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is paid attention as next-generation transportation due to eco-friendly characteristics without emissions and competitive performance to internal combustion engines. Recently, a fuel cell heavy duty truck is investigated for medium to long-distance logistics transportation. Since heavy duty hydrogen electric trucks require high power demand, the proportional heat generation is very acute.
In this study, the hydrogen fuel cell truck model is developed to understand the various configuration of cooling arrangement for high performance operation of fuel cell system. The vehicle model is composed of modular hydrogen fuel cell model, thermal management system model, and vehicle model. Since the required power of hydrogen fuel cell truck is significantly increased over driving cycle, the efficient thermal management system should be included. However, since the packaging space of cooling system is insufficient, it is required to optimize cooling system. This study investigated the performance of various cooling configuration including cascade cooling. The performance index is ITAE (Integral of time weighted absolute error) that makes clear comparison among configurations. The energy consumption rate of the cooling system shows that cascade cooling arrangement is effective for maintaining the temperature modular stack. It is also effective for reduction of parasitic loss of cooling system.
Thermal Analysis of a Li-Ion Battery Coupled With Phase Change Material (Paraffin Wax RT-35) Filled With Copper Metal Foam: A Numerical Study
Authors: Saxena Vivek , Kumar Anuj , Sharma Akhalesh , Sahu Santosh K. , Kundalwal Shailesh I. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the current battery technologies, Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have depicted their immense potential to power current electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Few distinguished qualities of these batteries are lightweight, high specific energy, lesser self-discharge, long lifecycle, and negligible memory effect. However, these batteries generate a significant amount of heat during their operations, which affects their performance and increases the risk of phenomena like capacity degradation, thermal runaway, and fire. The present study investigates a passive battery thermal management system embedded with phase change material (PCM, paraffin wax RT-35) and porous media (Copper foam). A prismatic Li-ion cell (Li[Ni-CoMn]O2 cathode and graphite anode) having a capacity of 20Ah with a nominal voltage of 3.65 V is investigated. The lower thermal conductivity of the PCM is countered by utilizing a copper foam of 0.95 porosity having 20 pores per inch (PPI). The present study adopts both thermal equilibrium and thermal non-equilibrium models to study the heat transfer analysis in PCM embedded with porous media. It is found that with the application of PCM/PCM-MF in the Li-ion cell, the temperature increase can be effectively controlled. The average temperature rise of the entire cell domain for 5C discharge is decreased by 79.04% & 80.76% by using PCM and PCM-MF, respectively, compared to naturally air-cooled cell. In the case of 4C discharge, the decrement is 78.30% and 79.31%, respectively, for PCM and PCM-MF. The maximum differential temperature is lower using PCM-MF for both the discharge rates.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Internal Combustion Engine Hybrid Powertrain: An Experimental and Simulation Centered Review
Authors: Metcalf Alexander , Welles Thomas , Murakami Yuki , Nakamura Hisashi , Ahn Jeongmin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The work described below investigates the prospect of utilizing a two-stroke internal combustion engine and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack for hybrid power generation for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). UAV technology is increasingly useful for large land and water management settings, such as agriculture. However, in their current state, small UAVs are limited by the lithium polymer batteries that commonly power them, which only provide power for short duration flights around 30 minutes. The proposed hybrid powertrain is capable of harnessing energy dense liquid hydrocarbon fuel, hence significantly increasing the flight endurance of UAVs. The 0.3 in3 piston engine is a typical air-cooled, glow plug ignited, two-stroke engine which acts as a partial oxidation fuel reformer, and a generator of mechanical shaft power. Additionally, a tubular SOFC stack can harness the syngas generated by the piston engine and produce electrical energy. From combustion simulation results, it was determined that a 60/40 percent (by volume) mixture of methanol and nitromethane, respectively, produced the largest quantity of total syngas. While fueling the SOFC with exhaust modeled after this fuel the SOFC generated a peak power density of ∼650 mW/cm2. The hybrid power system includes the added benefit in that it can be operated in an “engine out” scenario, where the SOFC stack is fed direct liquid fuel. Operating on liquid 60/40 methanol/nitromethane fuel, a tubular SOFC produced ∼580 mW/cm2 maximum power density.
Enhanced Capabilities Through Automated Machine Learning Characterization of Natural Gas Powered Assets
Authors: Perullo Christopher A. , Seachman Steven , Noble David , Lim Jamie , Boche Lea , Choi Woosung 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Gas Turbine operator M&D centers currently spend a disproportionate amount of time responding to false alarms. Often, these false alarms are caused by errors in the instrumentation acquisition and recording chain. Sensors may fail outright, drift, or data may be corrupted during transmission or archival storage. Any one of these issues can lead to erroneous data which may lead to false alarms at the M&D center. Many advanced algorithms used for M&D are particularly susceptible to errors in input signals. Erroneous or missing data can cause issues during the training process and during diagnostic use. This work has constructed a physics-informed AI model which calculates a health indicator for faulty, mis-calibrated, or mis-recorded sensor readings. The process uses auto associative neural networks coupled with Historian data to identify not just a good/bad flag, but a likelihood score which indicates the probability that the reading is indeed erroneous. In the event the signal is anomalous, a digital twin model can be executed to determine if the issue is indeed instrumentation, or if the issue is hardware related. The method works for any physical asset and can be deployed using standard libraries available to gas turbine owners and operators.
Hydrogen Cooled Generator Fast Degas Purge System Benefits and Real-World Results
Authors: Tucker Clayton , Warren Ted 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Prior to going in or out of service, hydrogen cooled generators need to be purged with carbon dioxide to avoid explosive conditions. Historically, this purging process has always been a balancing act. Purging the generator too slowly causes a longer outage meaning lower power production, high costs, and a loss in potential profits. Purge the generator too quickly forms dry ice blockage called a freeze up which can damage the generator or piping and will not adequately remove the explosive environment. Previously, generator purging is a long and laborious task taking an average eight hours to complete; however, the carbon dioxide Fast Degas system can reduce that time down to an hour. The difference of hours to a power plant is critical as shorter time means more uptime, increases production, and increases the safety of the operators by reducing the amount of time in a hazardous situation. In this paper, we will use our experiences to demonstrate the importance of being able to purge any hydrogen cooled generator quickly and efficiently. This document will show, through recent real-world results, that the Fast Degas system works as intended, is able to purge a generator in under an hour in the case of an emergency, and how it has avoided costly and potentially catastrophic events.
Summary of Operational Parameters and Their Effects on the Simulated Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of U-10Mo Monolithic Fuel Plate
Authors: Roh Hee Seok , Mohamed Walid , Ozaltun Hakan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Sensitivity studies on operational parameters evaluated the effects of these parameters related to operating and irradiation conditions on the simulated thermo-mechanical performance of a monolithic fuel plate. Since different reactors will employ various geometric designs with a wide range of operational envelopes, it is not feasible to use a single representative geometry with characteristic irradiation parameters to study possible effects specific to different reactor applications. To make a comparative performance assessment, characteristic operational parameters on a demonstrative geometry were studied instead.
Several distinct parameters related to the monolithic fuel system’s operating and irradiation conditions were evaluated using finite element analysis to address these concerns. These parameters included mechanical constraints, cooling rate, cooling conditions, power and burnup, bond strength and delamination, thermal cycling, and flow-induced deformation.
This study observed that a simulated closure of a coolant channel causes the fuel plate temperature to rise and that reducing one of the coolant channels adjacent to a fuel plate results in fuel plate deflection. The delamination between fuel and cladding locally increased the temperature in the fuel plate. As simulated in this work, the delamination size showed a negligible effect on the maximum fuel temperature.
Physics-Informed Deep Learning-Based Modeling of a Novel Elastohydrodynamic Seal for Supercritical CO2 Turbomachinery
Authors: Lyathakula Karthik Reddy , Cesmeci Sevki , DeMond Matthew , Xu Hanping , Tang Jing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycles show great potential of higher plant efficiency and power density for a wide range of power generation applications such as fossil fuel power plants, nuclear power production, solar power, and geothermal power generation. sCO2 leakage has been one of the main concerns in such applications. To offer a potential solution, we propose an Elasto-Hydrodynamic (EHD) seal that can work at elevated pressures and temperatures with low leakage and minimal wear. The EHD seal has a very simple, sleeve-like structure, wrapping on the rotor with minimal initial clearance at μm levels. In this work, a proof-of-concept study for the proposed EHD seal was presented by using the simplified Reynolds equation and Lame’s formula the fluid flow in the clearance and for seal deformation, respectively. The set of nonlinear equations was solved by using the conventional Prediction-Correction (PC) method and modern Physics-informed Neural Network (PINN). It was shown that the physics-informed deep learning method provides good computational efficiency in resolving the steep pressure gradient in the clearance with good accuracy. The results showed that the leakage rates increased quadratically with working pressures and reached a steady state at high-pressure values of 15 ∼ 20 MPa., where Q = 300 g/s at 20 MPa for an initial seal clearance of 255 μm. This indicates that the EHD seal could be tailored to become a potential solution to minimize the sCO2 discharge in the sCO2 power plants.