bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate and Long-term Results of Stenting of the Unprotected Left Coronary Artery Trunk in Patients with Stable Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Arutyunyan G. K. , Provatorov S. I. , Zhukova N. S. , Tereshchenko A. S. , Ognerubov D. V. , Emel’yanov I. V. , Krasnoshchekov I. V. , Samko A. N. 
Published: May 2019

Objective. To assess the immediate and long-term results of stenting of the unprotected left coronary artery (LCA) trunk in patients, by using different types of drug-eluting stents.Material and methods. The follow-up covered 282 patients who had undergone stenting of the unprotected LCA trunk. The mean follow-up was 34.6 [33.9; 35.3] months. The patients were divided into groups according to the type of a first-, second-, and third-generation implanted stent.Results. The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in the patients of Group 1 was significantly higher than in those in Groups 2 and 3 (29 and 7.6%, p<0.0001). The incidence of thrombosis of first-generation stents (7.0%) was significantly higher than that of second- and third-generation ones (1.6%) (p=0.02). The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events was comparable between Groups 2 and 3, despite a shorter duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in the third-generation stent group. The absence of stent postdilatation in the LCA trunk is an independent risk factor for adverse prognosis.Conclusion. The use of second- and third-generation stents along with changes in the technical aspects of stenting of the unprotected LCA trunk leads to a substantial reduction in the risk of adverse cardiovascular events and allows the indications for intervention to be expanded in this patient category.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography in the Analysis of Endodontic Treatment of Teeth (in an Experiment)
Authors: Petrovskaya V. V. , Potrakhov N. N. , Vasil’ev A. Yu. 
Published: May 2019

Objective. To determine peculiarities when using microfocus cone beam computed tomography (micro-CBCT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to analyze the anatomy of the teeth and the quality of endodontic treatment.Material and methods. Micro-CBCT and CBCT were experimentally used to examine 8 extracted tooth preparations before and after endodontic root canal treatment using different types of filling material.Results. Micro-CBCT showed the high informative value of determining the type, nature, and quality of canal filling and diagnosed many cracks and accessory canals. According to the micro-CBCT findings, the tooth apexes were not filled; the lumen of the canals was unevenly and loosely filled with endodontic material; the passages of guttapercha points were well traced; the nature of the endodontic material was differentiated.Conclusion. Micro-CBCT opens up new opportunities in dentistry with tooth volume visualization, allowing the minor and low-contrast details of the anatomical structure of the teeth to be seen on the X-ray image.
Use of Radiographic Criteria for Proximal Humeral Head Migration After Dislocation of the Shoulder to Identify Damage to Its Rotator Cuff
Authors: Stepanchenko A. P. , Fedoruk G. V. , Makovskiy A. A. , Dubrov V. E. , Zaytsev R. V. , Sinitsyn V. E. 
Published: May 2019

Objective. To assess whether radiographic criteria for proximal humeral head migration can be used as screening of damage to the rotator cuff after dislocation in patients over 45 years of age.Material and methods. The study included the results of a follow-up of 101 patients after shoulder dislocation without signs of damage to the rotator cuff before injury. Damage to the rotator cuff was assessed using MRI, followed by a correlation analysis between the results of measuring the height of the subacromial space with radiography and MRI.Results. Signs of cranial migration of the humeral head are detected statistically significantly more frequently in the group of older patients than in that of young ones (F=0.009; p<0.05). MRI study statistically significantly more often revealed signs of damage to the rotator cuff in the older patients than in the young ones (F=0.009; p<0.05). There was a high correlation between the humeral head migration index and the MRI measurements of the acromiohumeral interval (r=0.93, p<0.05).Conclusion. The acromiohumeral index, as well as MRI, can be used as a criterion for rotator cuff injury. This study has shown that the older patients have a 19-fold higher risk for damage to the rotator cuff from a dislocated shoulder (95% CI 6.93–52.11). Thus, attention should be paid to the presence of radiographic signs of rotator cuff injury in all patients after dislocation of the shoulder.
Educação do Campo em Arraias/TO: relato de uma experiência
Authors: Coelho George Leonardo Seabra 
Published: May 2019

Antes de apresentar a entrevista com o Prof. Dr. Alessandro Rodrigues Pimenta, é importante realizar algumas ponderações. Desde que cheguei à Universidade Federal do Tocantins, desde minhas primeiras conversas com o Prof. Alessandro, o referido docente despertou em mim uma grande admiração pela sua pessoa, tanto como profissional quanto por sua personalidade. A cada dia que passa, essa admiração transforma-se em amizade, a qual – sem hipocrisia acadêmica – não tenho receio de demonstrar publicamente. Frente ao seu conhecimento teórico, administrativo e como docente, surgiu a partir do diálogo com o outro organizador desta obra – o Prof. Dr. Gilberto Paulino de Araújo – a iniciativa de a iniciativa de incluir uma entrevista, realizada por mim, com o Prof. Alessandro. Mesmo que esse grande profissional não esteja no Brasil desde março de 2017, devido ao seu afastamento para o estágio pós-doutoral na Universidade de Évora-Portugal, ele atendeu prontamente a solicitação de conceder a entrevista. Dessa forma, com a presteza que sempre representou sua figura humana e profissional, o Prof. Alessandro pôde nos contar um pouco sobre sua trajetória acadêmica, a institucionalização do curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo na UFT/Campus de Arraias, até suas expectativas quanto ao fortalecimento do curso no futuro. Então, espero que o leitor acompanhe a entrevista concedida – apropriando de suas próprias palavras – por um intelectual que milita em prol da Educação do Campo no Brasil.
Data is Not Scarce, But Oil Companies Hoard It As If It Were
Authors: Feder Judy , Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: May 2019

A growing number of oil industry leaders are saying that data sharing across the industry is needed, but change is coming slowly.
Recently an executive from Shell said that “unprecedented data transparency” will be needed for the oil business to adapt to rapid change. That call for action came from Mike DeWitt, vice president of operated upstream wells for Shell, during the keynote speech at the SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference, where he asked: “Is data really proprietary?”
Afterward, some delegates who heard the speech said they were struck by the call for openness in a business where that is generally not the case.
DeWitt said after the talk that while the need for change is apparent, little progress has been made. He added that Shell is supporting initiatives for more sharing.
There are multiple barriers to overcome, according to a panel at CERA-Week, an annual conference of oil and gas industry executives. Data-driven decision making represents a challenge to how engineers have historically made decisions in a business where companies shared as little as possible about wells and operations.
“Pivoting to a data-driven culture is hard enough. Now we’re trying to change the mindset from competing to partnering,” said Kentaro Kawamori, vice president and chief digital officer for Chesapeake Energy.
Digital decision analysis is a break from doing things based on experience and intuition. Companies often man-age information assuming that revealing data will be giving away valuable knowledge.
“Data sharing is important,” Kawamori added. “The context of what is around it is equally important. We should get to the point of sharing more data, but we are all looking for competitive advantage.”
Finding and Producing
The urge to hoard data may be explained by a widely quoted comment that “data is the next oil.”
Both things can be valuable. But there are fundamental differences in how one extracts value from hydrocarbons in the ground and data in the cloud. Oil prices are impossible to predict, but the world’s voracious appetite for energy ensures it has value. Data’s value depends on how it is used. Having enough of the right data can help engineers find ways to reduce drilling costs, eke out more oil from the ground, or renegotiate a service contract based on productivity rather than the number of days worked.
Or it can be stored away and never looked at again, only contributing to the cost of cloud storage.
“Looking at data as oil may be like the tail wagging the dog,” said Dave Mabee, global innovation manager for ConocoPhillips. The company creates value by finding and producing oil and gas. Its people use data and analytics to help create that value.
“Thinking of data as the next oil may lead to focusing on doing things for their own sake rather than creating value,” he said.
Integrated Approach Overcomes Depleted-Reservoir Challenges
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: May 2019

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 28517, “Deepwater Extended-Reach-Well Planning Through Depleted Reservoirs,” by Beng-Hooi Shi, Jennifer Koh, Dexter Liew, and Guat-Lee Chio, Shell, prepared for the 2018 Offshore Technology Conference Asia, Kuala Lumpur, 20–23 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2018 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
This paper describes challenges faced in a company’s first deepwater asset in Malaysia and the methods used to overcome these issues in the planning stage. Because of the depleted nature of all three reservoirs located above the untapped reservoir, a need exists to drill through these depleted intervals with an extremely narrow margin window (less than 0.5 lbm/gal). An added complexity is the location of the reservoir, directly below a hydrates bulge. To address the challenges of this well, an integrated approach between various disciplines has proved to be a critical success factor.
Introduction
The field is offshore Sabah. The first phase of the development was completed in 2014, with 16 wells drilled.
The development includes gas reinjection and seawater injection. The hydrocarbons are trapped in a four-way dip closure developed in an anticline structure containing four sand reservoirs separated by sealing shale layers. The Phase 1 development targeted the two main reservoir units (B and C) in the middle of the four reservoir sands. The pressure maintenance for the development of these two main reservoir units is provided by a combination of downdip water injection in the water leg and crestal gas injection in the gas cap. The second phase, comprising two oil producers and two water injectors, aims to maintain the oil-production plateau.
One of the Phase 2 objectives is to target the deepest untapped reservoir (D) in the field with Well 4. However, as mentioned previously, Well 4 must drill through depleted intervals with extremely narrow drilling margins. Two of the four wells (Wells 1 and 2) only will drill into the depleted B reservoir in the final reservoir hole section, while the third well will cross the depleted B reservoir before drilling into the depleted target reservoir, C, in the final hole section.
Phase 2 will offer the opportunity to acquire further data. Because of the stacked arrangement of Reservoirs A, B, C, and D and the wells targeting different reservoirs, a possibility exists to sequence the drilling campaign in a batch mode and to use data acquisition, operational learnings, and prediction validation before committing to drilling the intermediate and reservoir sections of the most difficult well (Well 4).
The projected formation pore pressure and fracture gradient (PPFG) poses significant drilling challenges because of depletion plus the geomechanical requirements. The Reservoir C water injector is predicted to have a limited drilling margin because of the depletion of Reservoir B.
Activating Shale Can Create Well Barriers
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: May 2019

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 191607, “Activating Shale To Form Well Barriers: Theory and Field Examples,” by Tron Golder Kristiansen, SPE, Torill Dyngeland, SPE, Sigurd Kinn, Roar Flatebø, and Nils-Andre Aarseth, SPE, Aker, prepared for the 2018 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, 24–26 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
This paper discusses shale creep and other shale-deformation mechanisms and how an understanding of these can be used to activate shale that has not contacted the casing yet to form a well barrier. The authors then explore methods of activating shale for this purpose, concluding that inducing a pressure drop in the annulus is the most-promising such method.
Introduction
Creep is a well-known phenomenon in engineering in many materials. In rocks, it is related typically to grain rotation, grain sliding, cement cracking, and, in some cases, even grain cracking. The rock matrix has a viscous behavior wherein time is required to achieve new stress equilibrium at the grain-contact level as the bulk rock volume is exposed to an altered stress state. The deformation after the new load on the bulk rock volume is in place, and until the bulk rock volume is not significantly deforming in response to the altered load, is referred to as creep. Creep can interact with other physical and chemical processes, so it can be difficult to separate creep from other time-dependent deformation processes around a borehole. Fig. 1 illustrates the three main creep modes:
Primary (transient)
Secondary (steady state)
Tertiary (accelerating)
Transient creep occurs after the wellbore excavation and transforms gradually into secondary creep. Secondary creep then, in some cases, can result in tertiary creep, wherein the deformation accelerates. In most cases, formations will experience steady-state creep. For plug-and-abandonment (P&A) purposes, creep can take place over several decades. Even after that much time, the creep deformation may have been too low to contact the casing, so assisting the shale to form a barrier would be beneficial. In some cases, it is best to establish shale barriers especially quickly, perhaps in a couple of days—in new well construction, for example.
Creep and Other Shale-Deformation Mechanisms
Elastic Deformation. Elastic deformation is too small generally to close an annulus around a casing. This deformation results from the excavation of the borehole and is proportional to the difference between the horizontal stresses trying to close the wellbore and the wellbore pressure trying to support the wellbore wall and inversely proportional to the shear rigidity of the rock.
Elastoplastic Deformation. This deformation, in rare cases, may be enough to close an annulus. The rock may fail in a ductile manner and reduce its stiffness by a factor of 5 to 10, inducing irrecoverable (plastic) large strains in the rock. Because rocks rarely behave as perfect plastic materials, elastoplastic deformation will seldom be enough to close the annulus.
China’s Shale Dream Rests Atop Chaotic Geology
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: May 2019

At a major industry conference in March in Beijing, Wang Yilin, the chairman of China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), took a moment to highlight that just outside the doors to the building were blue skies—a result, he said, of the country’s move to displace coal-fired power generation with cleaner-burning natural gas.
Wang praised his company’s “enormous contribution” to the pleasant conditions by emphasizing CNPC’s role as China’s largest producer of natural gas. In doing so, he underlined how the company, the fourth largest in the world, is being reshaped by China’s multifaceted energy transformation.
The country depends on coal for more than half of its energy needs, while natural gas represents only 7% of the mix, an increasing amount of which is imported as liquefied natural gas (LNG).
Driven by air quality concerns, the country is looking to double that gas figure by 2035. But its national energy security agenda includes reducing dependence on foreign LNG by relying on national oil companies to increase domestic supplies through the commercialization of unconventional resources.
But what is less clear than the skies above the conference is how China’s oil and gas industry will realize this ambition. So far, the unconventional programs have struggled to mature as rapidly as the state had hoped.
In his remarks, made during a keynote address at the International Petroleum Technology Conference (IPTC), Wang emphasized what he views as the chief culprit behind the difficulties: China’s complex unconventional geology, which is unlike anything most US shale explorers have ever had to overcome.
“So it’s not that easy to simply replicate the shale gas technology developments of North America,” he argued. Wang later stressed that his country’s unconventional sector is “urgently in need of technology breakthroughs,” ones tailored to its own geologic fabric.
The technical portion of IPTC offered new case studies that shed light on the increasing role that innovation and technology are playing in overcoming the nature of these unconventional formations. Engineers presenting their research made it clear that without the right tools, they must work through an unpredictable drilling and completions environment, driving up both costs and nonproductive time.
Of more than 500 technical papers presented at IPTC, just over 50 focused on different aspects of China’s domestic programs that are spread across the country. Several were authored by engineers and researchers working at PetroChina. The company sits under CNPC as a wholly-owned subsidiary where it serves as the main arm of its exploration and production business and holds the largest mineral rights for unconventional resources in the country.
Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity Analysis of Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Anqiu City, China, 2000-2014
Authors: Shi Fuyan , Yu Changlan , Li Fangyou , Gao Wenfeng , Yang Liping , Wang Suzhen , Xu Yongyong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the dynamics of the occurrence of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and find the potential spatiotemporal factors leading to the incidence of HFRS in Anqiu City.
Methods: Monthly reported cases of HFRS and climatic data for 2000–2014 in Anqiu City were obtained. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used to fit the HFRS incidence prediction model and predict the epidemic trend in Anqiu City. Multiple linear regression method was used to analyze the temporal relationship between HFRS incidence and meteorological factors during the study period.
Results: Spatial analysis results indicated that the annualized average incidence at the town level ranged from 2.18 to 6.09 per 100, 000 among 14 towns, and the western towns in Anqiu City exhibited high endemic levels during the study periods. With high validity, the optimal ARIMA (0, 1, 1) × (0, 1, 1)12 model could be used to predict the HFRS incidence in Anqiu City in 2014. The monthly trend in HFRS incidence was negatively associated with temperature and precipitation and positively associated with average wind speed. Multiple linear regression models showed that precipitation and relative wind speed were key climatic factors contributing to the transmission of HFRS.
Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the ARIMA model can be used to fit the fluctuations in HFRS frequency in Anqiu City. Our findings add to the knowledge of the role played by climate factors in HFRS transmission in Anqiu City and can assist local health authorities in the development/refinement of a better strategy to prevent HFRS transmission.
Molecular identification of Anaplasma / Ehrlichia spp based on 16S rRNA gene in Hyalomma ticks in border line of Iran-Pakistan
Authors: Choubdar Nayyereh , Karimian Fateh , Koosha Mona , Nejati Jalil , Oshaghi Mohammad Ali 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Anaplasmosis / Ehrlichiosis are tick-borne diseases affecting human and livestock in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Due to infection both animals and humans and monitoring of ticks and the pathogens they carry, an extensive survey was conducted in border line of Iran-Pakistan of Sistan and Baluchistan, southeast corner of Iran in 2016-2017, where animal husbandry is the main activity of people and every week thousands of cattle cross the borders into the countries. The aim of the survey was to determine the prevalence and geographical distribution of Anaplasmosis / Ehrlichiosis agents in Hyalomma spp hard ticks. Ticks were collected, identified and processed for Anaplasma / Ehrlichia spp DNA detection.

Results

Six Hyalomma species were found in the region, where Hy. anatolicum was the most prevalent species collected on goats, cattle, and camel. Anaplasma / Ehrlichia genomes were found in 68.3% of the specimens. Anaplasma ovis, A.marginale, and E.ewingii DNAs prevalence were 81.82, 9.09, and 9.09% in the infected ticks respectively. DNA sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the 16SrRNA gene confirmed the detection of these three anaplasmosis agents while they had 99-100% identity with the strains previously reported in genbank from different parts of the world.

Conclusion

Because A.ovis and A.marginale are important livestock pathogens, and E.ewingii is an important human pathogen, both farmers and people in border line of the countries which engaged in livestock need to be made aware of the risks of tick infestation and the tick-borne disease they transmit.
Optimizing Temperature Requirements for Clover Seed Germination
Authors: Baxter Lisa L. , Grey Timothy L. , Tucker Jennifer J. , Hancock Dennis W. 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
Temperature significantly affects the time and rate of clover (Trifolium spp.) germination.
Germination and vigor were evaluated from −1.0 to 48.0°C at approximately 1.0°C increments.
Tested cultivars maintained 80% + germination from 4.9 to 28.2°C, on average.
Temperature range for germination was much wider than reported in previous literature.
Data will be useful in updating planting recommendations for producers in the US Southeast.
There are many reports of failed clover (Trifolium spp.) establishments each year. Temperature is one of the primary factors affecting germination and significantly affects the time and rate of clover seed germination. The objectives were to determine (i) the temperature and time required to reach maximum germination and (ii) range in which germination will occur for six coated clover cultivars adapted to the US Southeast. Seed germination and vigor were evaluated in Petri‐dishes incubated over thermal gradients ranging from −1.0 to 48.0°C at approximately 1.0°C increments where germination was counted every 24 h for 7 consecutive days. Base temperatures were calculated for each cultivar. Three parameter logistic growth models were used to find the minimum and maximum temperatures at which these cultivars could maintain 80% germination. Lorentzian distribution models were used to establish the temperature and time to maximum germination. These cultivars maintained at least 80% germination from 4.9 to 28.2°C on average, although some germination was observed outside these extremes. The range at which these clovers could germinate was much wider than previously reported. Excluding ‘Barduro’, maximum germination occurred at 34.2 to 52.8 h after planting at optimum temperatures (10.9–17.2°C). Barduro germinated so rapidly in the warmer temperature range that the full data set could not be used, as it did not conform to the same regression. Future trials will begin measuring germination at 12 h to better capture early trends in germination. These data will be useful in updating planting recommendations for producers in the US Southeast.