bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Characterization of Anticancer Drug Loaded Double Walled Microspheres
Authors: Nagarajan Elangovan , Rama B , Swetha M , Sharma G.S , Jyothi Rani L , Sudhamani K 
Published: September 2019

In the present work, double walled microspheres of Tamoxifen (antiestrogenic drug) using Sodium alginate, Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K100,Guar gum, Xanthun gum were formulated to deliver Tamoxifen (TMX) through oral route to treat breast cancer patients. Details regarding the preparation and evaluation of the formulations have been discussed in results. From the study following conclusions could be drawn. The results of this investigation indicate that Ion gelation method can be successfully employed to fabricate TMX microspheres. FT-IR spectra of the physical mixture revealed that the drug is compatible with the polymers and copolymer used. Microspheres containing sodium alginate along with HPMC in 1:1 ratio had a least size range of 610µm. Increase in the polymer concentration led to increase in % Yield, % Drug entrapment efficiency, Particle size. The invitro drug release decreased with increase in the polymer and copolymer concentration. Among all formulations F7 shows Maximum drug release in 12 th hr when compared with other formulations. Analysis of drug release mechanism showed that the drug release from the formulations followed the Non fickian diffusion mechanism and follows zero order kinectics. Based on the results of evaluation tests formulation coded F7 was concluded as best formulation.
Keywords : Tamoxifen, sodium alginate, HPMC, Microspheres, Diffusion, Copolymers, Entrapment efficiency.
Levosulpiride Induced Galactorrhea: A Case Report
Authors: Katta Srija , Nerella Mounika , Vasudha Bhakshi , Gollapalli Rajeev Kumar 
Published: September 2019

Drug induced galactorrhea is a condition of increased prolactin level in the serum resulting in irregular menstrual cycle and galactorrhea in women. Levosulpiride is a novel drug with antipsychotic, anti-depressant, anti-emetic and anti-dyspeptic actions. Galactorrhea is the secretion of milky discharge from breast in men or women who are not breastfeeding for one year. It may result from excessive secretion of prolactin or increased sensitivity of breast tissue to prolactin. A rare case on levosulpiride induced elevated serum prolactin level presenting as a distressing adverse effect of galactorrhoea in a female patient was reported. It’s important to keep a watch on prolactin levels during treatment with levosulpiride. For patients who present as a confirmed case of hyperprolactinemia, it is important to exclude other causes of prolactin elevation. Reporting the case would be a learning point for the fellow pharmacists and health care professionals in optimizing the therapy and requirement of strict monitoring of prescription that would minimize the medication errors.
Keywords: Levosulpiride, galactorrhoea, anti-depressant, hyperprolactinemia.
AN EFFICIENT, GREEN, CATALYST FREE SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF BENZO-4H-PYRANS IN AQUEOUS MEDIUM
Authors: SILAMBARASAN SEKAR SILAMBU , Abdul Nasser A. Jamal 
Published: September 2019

A highly efficient and environmentally benign for the synthesis a of 2-amino-7-hydroxy-4-aryl-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile derivatives (4a-n) in good to high yields (90%-97%) by one-pot three-component Michael addition reaction of malononitrile, aromatic aldehydes and resorcinol under reflux condition was developed in aqueous medium. Single crystal X-ray studies show that 4h crystallizes in the formula C22H15Cl2N2O2, Mr=410.26, Monoclinic, Space group P2(1)/c, a=12.753(9)Å, b=6.665(4)Å, c=24.050(14) Å, β=102.95(3)A° and 4i C16H10Cl2N2O2, Mr=333.16, Triclinic, Space group P-1, a=6.271(3)Å, b=18.697(5)Å, c =13.794(7) Å, β =94.269(17)A°. The structure of the products were further confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and Mass spectrum.
Keywords: Benzopyrans, malononitrile, resorcinol, Michael addition, water mediated synthesis, single crystal XRD
Isolation, Purification and Quantification of Enterocin from Enterococcus Species and Potential antibacterial activity
Authors: Razdan Aratrika , Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Ajit 
Published: September 2019

Enterococcus is a large genus of lactic acid bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes. Enterococci are Gram-positive cocci that often occur in pairs (Diplococci) or short chains. The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity and occurrence of Enterocin in Enterococcus species isolated from different clinical samples. In this study, isolate Enterococcus in nutrient agar media. Perform biochemical testing and gram staining for identification of Enterococcus and sub culture in BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) and LAPTg broth. Enterocin was isolated from broth by different spectral techniques and used as an antibiotic against selective bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus, Escherichia coli and Streptomyces).
Keywords: - Clinical Samples; Enterococcus Spp.; Enterocin; Catalase; SDS-PAGE.
Antimicrobials Potential Activity from Selective Plant Parts of Fagonia cretica and Desmostachya bipinnata
Authors: Sayar , , Sharma Archana 
Published: September 2019

The aim of the present study is to determine antimicrobial potential activity of Fagonia cretica and Desmostachya bipinnata plant parts to look into possible natural therapy agents. Fagonia cretica (Linn.) is most valuable therapeutic medicinal plant, commonly known as Dhamasa and belong to Zygophyllaceae family and Desmostachya bipinnata is also valuable medicinal plant, commonly known as Kusha or Dabh and belong to Poaceae family‎. Fagonia cretica and Desmostachya bipinnata have a good medicinal property and used as: urinary disorder, abdominal pain, chronic fever, cancer, dysentery and menorrhagia, and as a diuretic and a blood purifier. Selective plant parts were also used as medicine contents in pharmaceuticals. Antibacterial and antifungal activity has to be done from various selective medicinal plant parts. Potential activity as antimicrobials against bacteria and fungi Bacillus subtilis is maximum in methanol extract and minimum against Staphylococcus aureus in chloroform extract. Fagonia cretica most valuable medicinal plant, used as anti breast cancer drug.
Keywords: Fagonia cretica; Desmostachya bipinnata; Antimicrobials Activity; Methanol extract; Chloroform extract; Fungi strains; Bacterial strains.
Efficacy of partial purified bacteriocin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm
Authors: Thangarasu Arumugam , Selvam Dhanam , Gattu Sampath , Nagarajan Kayalvizhi 
Published: September 2019

Biofilms are microbial communities that cause serious chronic infections in the environment by enhancing antimicrobial resistance. Bacteria in the biofilm can be up to a thousand times more resistant to antibiotics than the same bacteria circulating in a planktonic state. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganism has led to the exploration of different therapeutic agents like ribosomally synthesized microorganism peptides referred to as bacteriocins. In this study, bacteriocin producing bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a soil sample. It was found to be effective against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Furthermore the bacteriocin was partial purified by ammonium sulfate, the precipitate has highly effective against MRSA (400AU/mL). MRSA cells were treated with precipitated culture supernatant of P. aeruginosa TA6 was analyzed by FT-IR. The treated and untreated MRSA showed band variations at 682.59 and 3442.15cm-1 corresponding to the alkyl and amide group respectively. Bacteriocin showed marked inhibition activity against the biofilm of MRSA. About 0.05% and 0.02% attachment of biofilm was observed in the presence of 1X MIC (10 μg/mL) and 2X MIC (20 g/mL) respectively. Our results recommend that bacteriocins that make stable pores on biofilm cells are extremely potent for the treatment of MRSA biofilm infections.
Evaluation of Methanolic Extract of Clitoria ternatea Hepatoprotective & Nephroprotective Activity in Rats
Authors: Chandra Srikanta 
Published: September 2019

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the nephroprotective & hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea in Cisplatin & CCl4 induced in rats
Methods: Methanolic extract of aerial part of Clitoria ternatea plant was studied for its Nephroprotective & Hepatoprotective activity in animal experiment models. Nephrotoxicity was induced by Cystone 16 mg/kg b.w . Standard drug was taken Silymarin .Test drug were given methanolic extract Clitoria ternatea 500 mg/kg , 1000 mg/kg . Hepatoxicity was induced by CCl4 .Standard drug was taken cisplatin 100 mg/kg . Test drugs were given extract of Clitoria ternatea 500 mg/kg & 1000 mg/kg as per b.w
Results : In Hepatoprotective activity positive control group was provided with CCl4 and increased SGPT , SGOT , ALP level compare to negative control group whereas Test(2) group was provided with methanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea 1000 mg/kg decreased SGPT , SGOT , ALP level compare to standard group. In nephroprotective activity positive control group was provided with CCl4 increased Urea and creatinine level where as Test(2) group are provided with methanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea 1000 mg/kg decreased urea and creatinine level
Conclusion: On evaluating biochemical parameters it was found that methanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea 1000 mg/kg showed hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity in rats.
Keywords: SGPT, SGOT, ALP, Nephroprotective, Hepatoprotective
Expression and purification of Murine IFN-γ protein from cloned E. coli strain containing pRSET A Vector with IFN gamma gene
Authors: Sangeetha S. , Mathiyazhagan N. , Suresh K. , Gajendiran K. , Manopradesh M. 
Published: September 2019

The cloned E. coli cell containing Murine IFN -γ inserted pRSET A vector system was effectively expressed in this study. The induction of the clones was done using IPTG in E.coli and induces mRNA generation and synthesis protein. It has shown an expression of protein with 18 kda in SDS PAGE and western blotting and their size was determined by GENE RUNNER software. This recombinant protein has a 6x His tag and it has been proved as it has shown a potent anti His property in western blotting. The purification of the protein was further done by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Nitrilo tri acetic acid (NTA) binds more stably with nickel (Ni) with 4 to 6 ligand binding sites in the coordination sphere of Nickel leaving two sites free to interact with the 6X His tag. The total results conclude that the targeted IFN gamma (408bp mouse gene) cloned in pRSET A was effectively expressed in E. coli BL21 strain cells and purified IFN gamma protein effectively as 1mg/ml. The purified IFN gamma protein may be used to diagnose the antiviral activity and antitumor activity.
Key words: IFN gamma, pRSET A, E. coli, SDS PAGE, Western Blotting
Evaluation of Primary Metabolites and Antioxidant Potential Activity of Cayratia trifolia (Leaf and Stems)
Authors: Anita , , Jasuja Nakuleshwer Dut , T Manas Mahur 
Published: September 2019

Cayratia trifolia Linn. Domin Syn. Vitis trifolia (Family: Vitaceae) is commonly known as Fox grape in English; Amlabel, Ramchana in Hindi and Amlavetash in Sanskrit. It is native to Asia and Australia. This plant is used for chronic fever, rheumatic, anti-inflammatory etc. In the present study, quantitative analysis and free radical scavenging activities of stem ethanolic extract of Cayratia trifolia was investigated. The extract was found to possess more secondary metabolites and it exhibit radical scavenging activities, Based on the results it can be concluded that, the stem ethanolic extract of Cayratia trifolia which contains high amount of secondary metabolites and exhibits free radical scavenging activities, phytochemistry from leaves and stems using spectral techniques. This research paper provides information mainly on various biological activities like antimitotic, antidiabetic and anti-implantation and several medicinal uses. Biological activities of few of them have been studied maximum concentration of Proteins (58.4mg/gdw) and minimum concentration in total soluble sugar (0.7mg/gdw) and maximum concentration of Lipid peroxidase (5.01mg/gdw) and minimum concentration in FRAP (0.197mg/gdw).
Keywords: Cayratia trifolia; Vitaceae; Phytochemistry; Antioxidant.
Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of ethanolic leaves extract of Avicennia marina against alcohol-induced liver toxicity in rats
Authors: Vellimalai K , Dinesh Kumar G , Jayaseelan K 
Published: September 2019

Plants play an important role in the life of human, as the major source of food, as well as for the maintenance and improvement of health and for the elimination of the enemies since ages. Plants are the basic source of knowledge of modern medicine. The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic leaves extract of Avicennia marina are evaluated in alcohol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Silymarin (100mg/kg) was given as reference standard. The ethanolic leaves extract of Avicennia marina have shown very significant hepatoprotection against alcohol induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats in reducing SGOT, SGPT, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and GGT and levels of total bilirubin and total protein were investigated and showed an increase in alcohol induced rats when compared to control. The extracts of the test plant exhibited significant (p < 0.01) hepatoprotective activity against the alcohol induced liver models by improving liver function which was indicated by reduction in the levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, GGT, total bilirubin and total protein.
Keywords: Avicennia marina, Hepatoprotective, Liver Enzymes, Silymarin
Comparative in vivo study of pure drug and fast dissolving tablets of Simvastatin
Authors: Babu M. Suresh , Murthy T. E. Gopalakrishna 
Published: September 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate differences in the pharmacokinetic patterns between pure drug and an optimized formulation of fast dissolving tablets of Simvastatin. The formulations were administered to 2 groups of white New Zealand rabbits (n=6) following cross over design pattern and the plasma levels were measured using LC-MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for each formulation. The comparison of the plasma time curves of the dosage forms showed that each dosage form caused significant differences in the drug plasma levels. The highest mean Cmax value was observed for optimized fast dissolving tablets (68.33 ± 0.42ng/ml) compared to pure drug (27.72 ± 0.31ng/ml). The mean time taken to peak plasma concentration for (Tmax) following administration of pure drug was 11.53 ± 0.011hours, while it was 6.09 ± 0.072 hour following administration of selected optimized fast dissolving tablets.The elimination rate constant (Kel) for pure drug and optimized fast dissolving tablets were found to be 0.58 ± 0.012h-1and 0.53 ± 0.014 h-1 respectively. The absorption rate constant (Ka) for pure drug and optimized fast dissolving tablets were found to be 1.68 ± 0.01h-1and 5.53 ± 0.02h-1 respectively. The AUC0-αvalues observed with optimized fast dissolving tablets686.1.±2.07 nghr/ml in compared to pure drug values 191 ± 1.43 nghr/ml. Thus, the results of pharmacokinetic studies indicated rapid and higher oral absorption of Simvastatin when administered as its fast dissolving tablets. Both Ka and AUC were markedly increased by fast dissolving tablets.
Keywords: LC-MS/MS, Simvastatin, fast dissolving, In-vivo studies, pharmacokinetic parameters.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STANDARDIZATION OF A UNANI ANALGESIC FORMULATION HABB-E-SURANJAN
Authors: Suhail Shahid , Parveen Shagufta , Jilani Shazia , Shama , 
Published: September 2019

Habb-e-Suranjaan is an important compound preparation which is used for a centuries in Unani system of medicine as an effective analgesic for all types of Waj-al-Mafasil (Arthritics). The drug is known for its pharmacological actions such as Mushile-Balgham (Phlegmagogue), Mushile-Safra (Cholagogue), Mushile-Sauda (Melanagogue), Mohallile-Waram (Anti-inflammatory), Musakkin-e-Alam (Analgesic), Dafae Niqris (Anti-gout) Muqawwi-e asaab (Nervine tonic) Munawwim (Hypnotic/Soporific), Musaffi-e-Dam (Blood Purifier). Ingredients of Habb-e-Suranjaan play very effective role in management of different types of Waj-al-Mafasil. In this article, standardized value of a specimen of Habb-e Suranjaan assessed on physico-chemical and analytical parameters viz Macroscopic and microscopic features, extractive values, moisture contents, Ash values, loss of weight on drying, pH of 1 % and 10 % solution, TLC and Fluorescence analysis are provided. The moisture content and the ash value were found within the recommended normal range. The value of different hot extracts (Petroleum ether, Methanol, chloroform and Aqueous) is more than the cold extracts of drug.
Keywords- Habb-e-Suranjaan, Waj-al-Mafasil, Analgesic.
Berbris aristata DC: Pharmacognostical Standardization and Phytochemical Studies of its Leaves
Authors: Karthikeyan V , Balakrishnan BR , Senniappan P , Janarthanan L , Venkateswarlu BS , Anandharaj G 
Published: September 2019

Berberis aristata DC. (Fam: Berberidaceae) commonly known as Daruharidra, Indian Barberry or tree turmeric. Leaves of this plant are traditionally used in the treatment of inflammation, wound healing, skin disease, menorrhagia, diarrhea, jaundice and infection of eyes etc. Micromorphology and physicochemical analysis of the leaves of B.aristata were performed as per WHO and Pharmacopoeial methods. Leaves (4.9cm × 1.8cm) are deep green on dorsal and light green on ventral side. Leaves are in tufts of 5 to 8, phyllotaxy verticillate, simple spiny, lanceolate, toothed, leathery, sessile, acuminate apex and reticulate pinnate venation. Microscopic evaluation of leaves showed biconvex midrib and thick lamina. The epidermal layers of the midrib are thick with small, less conspicuous cells and thick cuticle. The vascular system consists of three large vascular bundles; the median one is small than the two lateral bundles; the bundles are collateral and wedge shaped. Lamina is made of epidermal layer on the adaxial side with spindle shaped thick walled cells and papillate cuticle. The abaxial epidermis has squarish or rectangular epidermal cells with prominent spiny cuticular outgrowths. Powder microscopy showed the presence of cuticular papillae, anomocytic stomata and spiny outgrowth. Preliminary phytochemical screening of appropriate solvent extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, sterols, tannins, proteins and amino acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponin, carbohydrates and absence of glycosides and volatile and fixed oil. Microscopic analysis and other parameters were informative and provide valuable information in the identification, standardization of B.aristata leaves.
Keywords: Berberis aristata, Berberidaceae, leaf, Microscopical evaluation.
Development of Hot Melt Coating Technique for Taste Masking of Chloroquine Phosphate Tablets
Authors: Madgulkar Ashwini R. , Bhalekar Mangesh R. , Vaidya Aishwarya Deepak , Kaushal Pauroosh , Mudalwadkar R. P. 
Published: September 2019

In the present study to mask the unpleasant taste of chloroquine phosphate, hot melt coating technique was used as a taste masking tool. Hot melt coating is a solvent free technology grants rapid, additionally economical coating process with reduced risk of dissolving drug during process and provide uniform application rate of coating agent. Precirol ATO 5 was used as hot melt coating material for taste masking. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation method and coated using hot melt coating technique. Coated tablets exhibited good uniformity of drug content. Amount of drug release from all batches were evaluated. Taste evaluation of hot melt coated tablets was done by using electronic tongue.PrecirolATO5 was found to be a better taste masking agent when used by hot melt coating technique.
Keywords: Precirol ATO 5, Hot melt coating, taste masking.
Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari. Review of Its Botany, Medicinal Uses, Pharmacological Activities and Phytochemistry
Authors: Bhardwaj Manisha , Alia Aparna 
Published: September 2019

The oldest remedies identified to mankind are herbal medicines. India is recognized worldwide for its Ayurvedic treatment. As only little studies are done on this plant, the purpose of current review is to make accessible up-to-date information on, botany, morphology, ecological biodiversity, medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities on diverse parts of Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari (C. wightii). This review was assembled using scientific literature from electronic search engine such as Springerlink, BioMed Central, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Medline and Science domain. Supplementary literatures were obtained from books, book chapters, dissertations, websites and other scientific publications. C. wightii (Syn. Commiphora mukul Hook. ex. Stocks) or Guggulu tree. C. wightii is a shrub or small tree belonging to Burseraceae family. C. wightii contains volatile oil, gum resin, gugulipids, guggulsterones, guggulsterols, mukolol and other steroids. Guggulu is very much used in Ayuvedic system of medicine as astringent, anti-septic, expectorant, aphrodisiac, carminative, anti-spasmodic, emmenagogue. In Ayurveda, it is the best among herbs that are used for Medoroga and Vata disorders. It is widely used for obesity and it is also known as fat burning agent all over the world. It helps to lower cholesterol and triglycerides level. It is very effective in rheumatoid arthritis, gout and sciatica. It is also one of the most important Rasayana of Ayurveda. In addition it treats sluggish liver, stimulates libido, nervous diseases, bronchial congestion, cardiac and circulatory problems, weak digestion, wounds, abscess, foetid ear, fractures, gynaecological problems and various skin diseases. C. wightii is a very important and trustworthy herb in Ayurvedic medicine. This alternative system of medicine is gaining increasing fame universal. There is a required to isolate active constituents, their biological test, molecular mechanisms, experimental defense and legalization of therapeutic uses of C. wightii. The collected information will be obliging to locate up study protocol for current drugs and Ayurvedic formulation extension in remedial and luxury a variety of ailments.
In-Vivo Studies on Anti-Diabetic Potential of Leucas Aspera in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Madhu GC , Jaianand Kannaiyan , Rameshkumar K , Balaji Paulraj , Veeramanikandan Veeramani 
Published: September 2019

Nanotechnology is being a utilized in medicine for diagnosis, therapeutic drug delivery and for the development of treatment for many ailments and disorders specifically in the areas of drug delivery, as medical diagnostic tools, and as diseases cure agents. During the past decades, the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles has received considerable attention due to the growing need to develop environmentally sociable technologies in material synthesis. In this study, we investigated the anti-diabetic potential of Leucas aspera leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar albino rats and, serum creatinine, blood urea, protein content, enzymatic antioxidant, and non-enzymatic antioxidant was estimated. This study evidenced the efficacy of the anti-diabetic potential of Leucas aspera leaf extract in the in-vivo model.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Iron oxide nanoparticles, Leucas aspera, Streptozotocin (STZ).