bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global dynamics of functional composition in CITES‐traded reptiles
Authors: Meeks Dominic , Morton Oscar , Edwards David P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlobal wildlife trade is a billion‐dollar industry, with millions of individuals traded annually from a diversity of taxa, many of which are directly threatened by trade. Reptiles exhibiting desirable life‐history or aesthetic traits, such as large body sizes or colorful morphologies, are traded preferentially. A key issue is understanding geographic and temporal variation between desirable species traits and their trade. Poor understanding of this can generalize patterns of consumer trait preferences and conceal functional consequences of wild harvest in ecosystems. Using records of legal, international trade in Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)‐listed reptiles between 2000 and 2020, we examine geographic and temporal variation in the functional composition of traded assemblages, both captive‐ and wild‐sourced, identifying key hotspots and routes of functional diversity in trade. We also identify associations between functional traits and species presence in trade. We find that functionally diverse trade assemblages are exported primarily from the tropics, with hotspots in sub‐Saharan Africa, and imported across Asia, Europe, and North America. Patterns of functional composition in trade remained broadly stable from 2000 to 2020. Globally, the species most likely to be traded were large, fecund, generalists. Sustained wild harvest of functionally diverse reptilian assemblages in trade hotspots, such as Madagascar and Indonesia, places substantial pressure on large‐bodied reptiles that fulfill important ecological functions, including population control and nutrient cycling, while also endangering harvest‐vulnerable species with slow life histories. Despite limited species‐specific descriptions of reptilian ecological functions, management in harvest hotspots can safeguard ecosystem functioning by prioritizing protection for threatened species that contribute disproportionately to local and regional functional diversity.
Divergent trajectories of regeneration in early‐successional forests after logging and wildfire
Authors: Bowd Elle J. , McBurney Lachlan , Lindenmayer David B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIncreases in forest disturbances have altered global forest demography rates, with many regions now characterized by extensive areas of early‐successional forest. Heterogeneity in the structure, diversity, and composition of early‐successional forests influence their inherent ecological values from immediately following disturbance to later successional stages, including values for biodiversity and carbon storage. Here, using 14 years of longitudinal data, we describe patterns in the structure, richness, and composition of early‐successional forests subject to one of three different disturbance types: (1) clearcut logging followed by slash burn, (2) severe wildfire followed by salvage logging, and (3) severe wildfire only, in the Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) and Alpine Ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis) forests of southeastern Australia. We also documented the influence of disturbance intervals (short, medium, and long) on early‐successional forests. Our analyses revealed several key differences between forests that regenerated from wildfire versus two different anthropogenic perturbations. Most ash‐type plant communities were resilient to wildfire within historical fire‐regimes (75–150 years), exhibiting temporal trends of recovery in plant structure, richness, and composition within the first decade. In contrast, the richness, occurrence, and abundance of some plant lifeforms and life history traits were negatively associated with clearcut logging and salvage logging, relative to forests disturbed by wildfire alone. These included resprouting species, such as tree ferns and ground ferns. However, Acacia spp. and shrubs were more abundant after clearcut logging. Our findings also provide evidence of the pronounced negative impact of salvage logging on early‐successional plant communities, relative to that of both clearcut logging and wildfire. Notably, plant richness declined for over a decade after salvage logging, rather than increased as occurred following other disturbance types. Early‐successional forests provide the template for the stand structure and composition of mature forests. Therefore, altered patterns of recovery with different disturbance types will likely shape the structure and function of later‐successional stages. Predicted increases in wildfire will increase the generation of early‐successional forests and subsequent salvage logging. Therefore, it is pertinent that management consider how different disturbance types can produce alternate states of forest composition and structure early in succession, and the implications for mature stands.
Event‐Triggered Robust Control of Robot Manipulators
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐Xuan , Yang Zi‐Jiang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a new event‐triggered robust control system for robot manipulators, based on two event‐triggered mechanisms (ETMs), which lead to intermittent communication not only for the sensor‐to‐controller channel but also for the controller‐to‐actuator channel. The proposed control system enjoys the advantage of requiring fewer resources of data communication and less signal updating of the control actuators. The control performance of the proposed control system is analyzed based on the Lyapunov approach. Furthermore, the absence of the Zeno behavior in the triggering sequence is proved rigorously. Finally, experiments are carried out on a two‐link robot manipulator system to support the theoretical results.
Effects of sodium–glucose co‐transporter inhibitors on individual clinical endpoints and quality of life
Authors: Liao Jia , Chen Yang , Ling Zhiyu , Pürerfellner Helmut , Martinek Martin , Derndorfer Michael , Niel Johannes , Ebrahimi Ramin , Heukäufer Matthias , Janschel Sarah , Di Vece Davide , Empen Klaus , Hummel Astrid , Chamling Bishwas , Futyma Piotr , Ebrahimi Fahim , Kiuchi Márcio G. , Liu Shaowen , Yin Yuehui , Schratter Alexandra , Acou Willem‐Jan , Sommer Philipp , Schmidt Boris , Chun Julian K. R. , Meyer Christian , Dörr Marcus , Templin Christian , Chen Shaojie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimsSodium–glucose co‐transporter inhibitors (SGLTis) have cardiovascular protective effects. We aimed to assess the effects of SGLTis on individual hard clinical endpoints and quality of life (QoL) in patients with cardiovascular risk factors.Methods and ResultsData was searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and clinicaltrials.gov databases up to February 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SGLTis with placebo were included. The primary outcomes were individual hard clinical endpoints (Subset A) and QoL (Subset B). For Subset A, 13 RCTs including 90 413 patients were enrolled (age 66 ± 10.1 years, 35.7% female, follow‐up 2.4 ± 0.3 years); as compared with placebo, SGLTis were associated with significantly lower risk of all‐cause mortality [risk ratio (RR): 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86–0.94, P < 0.01], cardiovascular mortality (RR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.82–0.92, P < 0.01), hospitalization for heart failure (HF) (RR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.68–0.76, P < 0.01), HF events (RR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.68–0.75, P < 0.01), hospitalization for any cause (RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.88–0.93, P < 0.01) and myocardial infarction (MI) (RR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85–0.99, P = 0.03). Notably, the favourable effect of SGLTis on all‐cause mortality was more pronounced in younger (<65 years) patients (RR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.81–0.92) and in studies with less female (RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.79–0.90). The favourable effect of SGLTis on MI was only observed in patients who received sotagliflozin (RR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.31–0.73). For Subset B, nine RCTs including 2552 HF patients were enrolled (age 67.8 ± 12.4 years, 36.4% female, follow‐up 3.4 ± 1.9 months); SGLTis were associated with significant improvement in QoL as compared with placebo.ConclusionsIn patients with a broad spectrum of cardiovascular risk factors, SGLTis substantially improve individual hard clinical outcomes and QoL.
Assessing proxy methods for measuring bedrock erodibility in fluvial impact erosion
Authors: Turowski Jens M. , Huxol Benjamin , Pruß Gunnar , Voigtländer Anne , Ludwig Andreas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe erodibility of bedrock and rock masses is an important parameter for understanding landform development, landscape evolution modelling and engineering applications. Yet, complex geotechnical properties and the difficulty of directly quantifying erodibility limit the theoretical understanding and prediction of erosion processes. Several proxy methods have been suggested to assess bedrock erodibility by fluvial impact erosion. Yet, none of these proxy methods have been rigorously benchmarked with direct laboratory or field measurements. Here, we assess the usefulness of proxy methods described in the literature in the quantitative prediction of fluvial impact erosion. We compare four proxy methods – Mohs' hardness, the Schmidt hammer rebound value, Annandale's erodibility index and the Selby score – to erodibility laboratory data measured using erosion mills. We assess these methods using three statistical parameters: Kendall's tau and Spearman's rho rank correlation coefficients, and the adjusted R2 from an exponential fit. We distinguish between three applications, which require increasing correlation strength. These are (i) trend detection (sorting groups of data by their relative erodibility), (ii) quantitative ranking (relative erodibility of groups of data can be quantitatively assessed), and quantitative prediction (erodibility for individual sites can be quantitatively assessed). Mohs' hardness, Schmidt hammer measurements and Annandale's method are suitable for trend detection, while Selby's method is not. None of the methods is suitable for quantitative prediction. As such, none of the methods is a suitable proxy for estimating erodibility in fluvial bedrock erosion at a particular location. For quantitative ranking, we suggest to use either Mohs' hardness or Schmidt hammer measurements, because of (i) the correlation with mill‐measured erodibility, (ii) their ease and quickness of application in the field and (iii) the minimum of required training. When applying these methods, investigators should obtain data both from the same and from different lithological units at many sites. Then, the results can then be used for bulk assessment, but not for individual sites.
Comparative Analysis of Long‐Term Governance Problems: Risks of Climate Change and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ojanen Atte 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTComparative approaches are rarely utilized in futures studies despite the distinctive nature of different policy problems. Issues like climate change, infrastructure investments, and governance of emerging technology are frequently grouped under the umbrella of the “long‐term problems” without adequate consideration for their distinct spatial and temporal attributes. To address this research gap, this paper presents a framework to systematically compare long‐term policy problems, such as the risks of climate change and artificial intelligence (AI). I conduct a comparative analysis of the risks of climate change and AI—both widely regarded as pivotal questions of our time—focusing on how they differ across eight attributes that affect their governance: scientific certainty, spatiality, temporality, linearity, path dependence, accountability, capacity to address and the costs involved. The findings suggest that climate change involves a more evident intergenerational conflict between generations than risks of AI and might therefore be a more challenging long‐term governance problem. Yet, both problems risk triggering irreversible lock‐in effects, specifically in extreme scenarios such as crossing climate tipping points or misaligned advanced AI systems. Mitigating these uncertain lock‐in effects requires precautionary governance measures, highlighting the potential of comparative approaches at the intersection of foresight and policy analysis.
A Diffuse Interface Model for Cavitation, Taking Into Account Capillary Forces
Authors: Ait‐Ali Takfarines , Khelladi Sofiane , Bakir Farid , Hannoun Noureddine , Nogueira Xesús , Ramírez Luis 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe consider the moving least squares method to solve compressible two‐phase water‐water vapor flow with surface tension. A diffuse interface model based on the Navier–Stokes and Korteweg equations is coupled with a suitable system of state equations that allows for a more realistic estimation of the pressure jump across the liquid–vapor interface as a function of temperature. We propose a simple formulation for computing the capillarity coefficient based on the surface tension and the thickness of the diffuse interface. A convergence analysis using pressure jump in the test case of static bubble is conducted to verify our solver. We present several numerical test cases that illustrate the ability of our model to reproduce qualitatively and quantitatively the effects of surface tension on cavitation bubbles in general situations.
Oral Intake of Collagen and Collagen Hydrolysate From Takifugu bimaculatus Attenuates Ultraviolet‐Induced Skin Photoaging in Mice
Authors: Chen Bei , Lin Shurong , Yang Xiaoyu , Cai Shuilin , Qiao Kun , Tang Haiyan , Xu Min , Su Yongchang , Liu Shuji , Liu Zhiyu , Wang Qin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWith the rapid emergence of pufferfish aquaculture and processing industries, fish skin is underutilized as a byproduct of processing, leading to resource waste. In this study, Takifugu bimaculatus skin collagen (TBSC) was extracted by acetic acid solubilization and its physicochemical properties were analyzed. The effects of TBSC and the TBSC hydrolysate (TBSCH) on ultraviolet (UV) irradiation‐induced photoaging were investigated using a mouse model. The purity of TBSC was 90.02%. Electrophoresis and Fourier infrared spectroscopy characterization of TBSC showed that the type of collagen in TBSC was typical standard type I. The degree of hydrolysis was selected to optimize the hydrolysis conditions for TBSC. The papain enzyme dosage, temperature, pH, and hydrolysis duration of 51,000 U/g, 48.03°C, 5.35, and 4 h have been demonstrated to be the optimum hydrolysis conditions for TBSCH. Oral administration of either TBSC or TBSCH ameliorated UV‐induced skin erythema and hyperkeratosis. TBSC and TBSCH treatment increased collagen content and had an inhibitory effect on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐3 expression, whereas MMP‐9 expression was significantly reversed only in the TBSCH‐treated groups. The expression of the c‐Jun protein was much lower in these groups, suggesting that TBSCH had a greater alleviating effect on collagen degradation and extracellular matrix breakdown. Therefore, it is proposed that TBSCH has the potential to be used as a nutricosmetic agent with protective attributes against UV‐induced skin damage and concurrent collagen depletion.
The Economics of Liquid Staking Derivatives: Basis Determinants and Price Discovery
Authors: Scharnowski Stefan , Jahanshahloo Hossein 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper provides a first economic analysis of liquid staking tokens, which are derivatives representing a share of staked tokens in Proof‐of‐Stake blockchains. We document substantial time‐variation in the “liquid staking basis” as given by the price difference between a derivative staking token and its underlying cryptocurrency. We find evidence that staking rewards, concentration risks, limits to arbitrage, and behavioral factors influence this basis. The liquid staking basis is wider when the yields offered by the liquid staking protocol are low relative to the alternative of staking directly, when cryptocurrency returns are more volatile, and when secondary market liquidity is low. In contrast, it is smaller when investors pay more attention to liquid staking and when investor sentiment is positive. Furthermore, liquid staking tokens contribute a significant and overall growing amount to price discovery in the underlying cryptocurrencies.
Exploring the Role of Patient Engagement in Organisational Performance: Empirical Evidence From Patient and Family Advisory Councils
Authors: Cha Jinyoung , Jang Jaeyoung , Lee Keon‐Hyung 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOver the past two decades, patient‐centred care has gained global prominence, emphasising collaboration among patients, families, caregivers, and healthcare professionals to improve healthcare delivery. Recognising the foundational role of patient participation in enhancing clinical outcomes, healthcare organisations increasingly integrate patient inputs and resources into their management strategies. Patient and family advisory councils represent a primary form of collective patient engagement at the organisational level. Patient and family advisory councils actively engage in all levels of the hospital system to enhance quality improvement and meet the demands of patients. Despite recognised importance, empirical evidence regarding their roles as strategic resources and impact on hospital performance remains unexplored. Incorporating patient engagement into the social resource‐based view, this study addresses how comprehensive strategic resources are associated with a hospital's quality of care and patient satisfaction outcomes. Utilising hospital‐level data from 2018 to 2020, a cross‐sectional time‐series ordered logit analysis examines the quality of care and patient satisfaction models. The findings reveal that patient engagement, physical resources, and human capital are positively associated with hospital quality of care and patient satisfaction. In contrast, a social resource—a minority population—is negatively associated with hospital outcomes. This study contributes theoretical and practical implications. It synthesises patient engagement into the Social Resource‐Based approach and provides consistent empirical evidence. In addition, it suggests evidence for practitioners to develop and manage patient engagement as a strategic resource.
Addressing the Peri‐Wound Intact Skin of Hard‐To‐Heal Diabetic Foot Ulcers With Topical Red Deer Conditioned Media (PTT‐6TM) Skin Conditioner: A Case Series on Clinical Efficacy
Authors: Leow Kimberley , Alvis Leon Timothy Charles , Yuen Bradley Edmond Charles , Cheng Leighton , Chiam Shiqi , Razak Siti Nurfarahdillah Binte Abdul , Evans Gerard Benjamin , Koh Kenneth , Lim Ivor Jiun , Phan Toan Thang , Wong Keng Lin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimThe healing of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) can be hindered by the susceptibility of the surrounding intact skin to pro‐inflammatory proteases. A conditioned media, known as PTT‐6TM, derived from mesenchymal stem cells found in the lining of red deer umbilical cords, has been formulated to protect the intact peri‐wound skin of DFUs. The aim is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of PTT‐6TM in managing peri‐wound intact skin in hard‐to‐heal DFUs.MethodsPatients with DFUs that persisted for over 3 months were divided into two subgroups. The active wound group received standard‐of‐care treatment protocol followed by PTT‐6TM application around the peri‐wound area, while the maintenance wound group applied PTT‐6TM media over the healed wound site.ResultsForty cases were recorded, of which 22 (55%) were included in the active wound group. The majority were male (75%, n = 30) and vast majority had cardiovascular risk factors, including diabetes mellitus (100%, n = 40), hyperlipidemia (82.5%, n = 33), and hypertension (77.5%, n = 31). Most patients had forefoot wounds (80%, n = 32) on the plantar aspect (82.5%, n = 33). The patients in the active wound group had chronic DFUs for a mean of 218 ± 201 days. Of those treated with PTT‐6™ media, 68.4% (n = 13) achieved complete wound healing within a mean duration of 69 ± 50 days. Additionally, most patients in the maintenance wound group remained ulcer‐free at 3 months (91.7%, n = 11) and 6 months (66.7%, n = 6).ConclusionThe study results suggest that PTT‐6TM media may serve as an additional treatment modality for enhancing the microenvironment at the peri‐wound intact skin site. This could indirectly facilitate wound healing by preserving the integrity of the peri‐wound intact skin.
WHAMM Inhibits Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cell EMT by Mediating Autophagic Degradation of TGF‐β1 in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Hua Shaodong , Chi Jinghan , Zhang Ning , Yang Xiao , Zhang Pan , Jiang Chenyang , Feng Yao , Hong Xiaoyang , Feng Zhichun , Yan Yurou 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most prevalent complication in preterm infants, primarily characterized by arrested alveolar growth. The involvement of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of AECII cells is proposed to have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of BPD; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study reveals a significant reduction of WHAMM (WASP homolog associated with actin, membranes, and microtubules) in hyperoxia‐induced BPD mice, highlighting its crucial role in suppressing the progression of BPD through the inhibition of EMT in AECIIs. We demonstrated that hyperoxia‐induced downregulation of WHAMM leads to the accumulation of TGF‐β1 primarily through its mediation of the autophagic degradation pathway. Mechanistically, WHAMM enhanced the autophagosomal localization of TGF‐β1 and concurrently promoted the process of autophagy, thereby comprehensively facilitating the autophagic degradation of TGF‐β1. These findings reveal the important role of WHAMM in the development of BPD, and the proposed WHAMM/autophagy/TGF‐β1/EMT pathway may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for BPD treatment.
Phenomics Demonstrates Cytokines Additive Induction of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Boché Alphonse , Landras Alexandra , Morel Mathieu , Kellouche Sabrina , Carreiras Franck , Lambert Ambroise 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTEpithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is highly plastic with a programme where cells lose adhesion and become more motile. EMT heterogeneity is one of the factors for disease progression and chemoresistance in cancer. Omics characterisations are costly and challenging to use. We developed single cell phenomics with easy to use wide‐field fluorescence microscopy. We analyse over 70,000 cells and combined 53 features. Our simplistic pipeline allows efficient tracking of EMT plasticity, with a single statistical metric. We discriminate four high EMT plasticity cancer cell lines along the EMT spectrum. We test two cytokines, inducing EMT in all cell lines, alone or in combination. The single cell EMT metrics demonstrate the additive effect of cytokines combination on EMT independently of cell line EMT spectrum. The effects of cytokines are also observed at the front of migration during wound healing assay. Single cell phenomics is uniquely suited to characterise the cellular heterogeneity in response to complex microenvironment and show potential for drug testing assays.