bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Debating or displaying political positions?
Authors: Gruber Helmut 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates the reference statements and rhetorical functions of politicians’ reactive (“uptaking”) statements in
parliamentary debates as well as their self-positioning effects. Uptaking moves may be used by speakers for pursuing strategic,
global discourse aims. The specific properties of such ‘uptaking’ utterances and their sequential embedding in the unfolding
discourse provide analysts with cues of speakers’ global interactional goals. Results indeed show how global and local pragmatic
factors impact content, form, and rhetorical function of MPs’ uptaking statements. The data comprises four Austrian parliamentary
sessions, which follow the inaugural speech each newly appointed Austrian chancellor has to deliver in the Austrian national
assembly at the beginning of a legislative term. Overall, four fifths of the uptaking discourse units (consisting
of ‘reference to previous statement plus comment’) refer to the government program, the inaugural speech or a previous MPs’
statement. Whereas a closer investigation of the reference statements seems to indicate a left wing vs.
right wing rhetorical pattern (with left wing and center parties referring to ‘official’ sources, while right wing parties set
their own topical agenda), investigating the rhetorical functions of the uptaking discourse units reveals a clear
government vs. opposition (but no party-specific) rhetoric: Government party MPs praise the government program (or the inaugural
speech), opposition party speakers criticize it. Both groups thus focus on the interpersonal plain of interaction. In contrast,
argumentative (or counter-argumentative) uptaking discourse units which would indicate speakers’ willingness to enter into a
rational discourse (in a Habermasian sense) with their political opponents are extremely rare. Through their rhetorical
activities, the vast majority of government and opposition speakers thus reinforce and perpetuate already known political
stances and affiliations in front of a third party (i.e. the general public watching the debates via TV or Internet livestream)
rather than presenting themselves as rational, problem-focused politicians.
A diachronic analysis of metaphor clusters in political discourse
Authors: Sun Yi , Chen Xi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The complex and abstract character of political discourse makes it difficult to be understood directly by ordinary people. Assuming
that use of metaphor could make political language easier to comprehend, more and more scholars began to focus on the study of
metaphor in political discourse. However, most of these studies paid only attention to the contrastive study of single metaphor
phenomena, while diachronic studies of metaphors still remained few.
The present paper attempts to make a diachronic analysis of metaphor clusters in American and Chinese political discourse. The data
employed are American and Chinese leaders’ political speeches, addressed to university students; the Chinese corpus contains
119021 characters, while the American corpus includes 118805 words. The research was implemented over three periods, namely before
1900, from 1900 to 2010, and from 2010 up to now (when the new term “metaphor cluster” was introduced to study the clustering
phenomena of metaphor in different periods). In addition, both qualitative analysis and qualitative analysis were employed; the
linguistic analysis tool Wmatrix and MIPVU procedures were adopted to identify metaphor clusters, thereby remedying the
shortcomings of traditional methods which identify metaphor through researchers’ intuition and perception. Qualitative analysis
was used to conduct a contrastive analysis of dominant metaphor clusters and how they tend to be used by the lecturers, both in
the American and the Chinese corpuses.
The data analysis shows that metaphor clusters abound in American and Chinese leaders’ political speeches in universities.
Generally speaking, Chinese leaders adopt more metaphor clusters than do their American counterparts. Similar metaphor clusters in
both data are: journey, family, and building. Circle and art metaphor clusters are unique to the Chinese data, while religion and
drama metaphor clusters only occur in the American data. Before 1990, leaders adopted few metaphor clusters both in America and in
China; the two decades from 1990 to 2010 witnessed a peak season of employing metaphor clusters in both Chinese and American
leaders’ speeches, whereas after 2010, the usage of metaphor clusters in Chinese data ushered in a new stage of development, with
a multitude of new metaphorical expressions having cultural connotations. The results reveal that the differences in the usage of
metaphor clusters are mainly due to the various ideologies and cultural backgrounds of the two countries. In addition, our
analysis also shows that the employment of metaphor clusters in political discourse could lead the audiences’ direction of
thinking, reduce the audiences’ comprehensive burden, and arouse the audiences’ emotions.
Population Density and Local Food Market Channels
Authors: O'Hara Jeffrey K. , Lin Jeffrey 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe estimate the effect of population density on the use of local food market channels in the United States. Farms with greater market size increase direct sales to consumers, but the spatial scale of this effect operates at shorter distances than previously considered. Local farms do not use distributors to increase production for sales at shorter distances. Our results suggest that technical assistance to increase local food products sold by proximate retail outlets would be more effectively deployed assisting farms that undertake sales directly to retailers instead of marketing products through distributors.
Computational medicine: quantitative modeling of complex diseases
Authors: Tiwary Basant K 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Biological complex systems are composed of numerous components that interact within and across different scales. The ever-increasing generation of high-throughput biomedical data has given us an opportunity to develop a quantitative model of nonlinear biological systems having implications in health and diseases. Multidimensional molecular data can be modeled using various statistical methods at different scales of biological organization, such as genome, transcriptome and proteome. I will discuss recent advances in the application of computational medicine in complex diseases such as network-based studies, genome-scale metabolic modeling, kinetic modeling and support vector machines with specific examples in the field of cancer, psychiatric disorders and type 2 diabetes. The recent advances in translating these computational models in diagnosis and identification of drug targets of complex diseases are discussed, as well as the challenges researchers and clinicians are facing in taking computational medicine from the bench to bedside.
The Path to Group A Streptococcus Vaccines: World Health Organization Research and Development Technology Roadmap and Preferred Product Characteristics
Authors: Vekemans Johan , Gouvea-Reis Fernando , Kim Jerome H , Excler Jean-Louis , Smeesters Pierre R , O’Brien Katherine L , Van Beneden Chris A , Steer Andrew C , Carapetis Jonathan R , Kaslow David C 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections result in a considerable underappreciated burden of acute and chronic disease globally. A 2018 World Health Assembly resolution calls for better control and prevention. Providing guidance on global health research needs is an important World Health Organization (WHO) activity, influencing prioritization of investments. Here, the role, status, and directions in GAS vaccines research are discussed. WHO preferred product characteristics and a research and development technology roadmap, briefly presented, offer an actionable framework for vaccine development to regulatory and policy decision making, availability, and use. GAS vaccines should be considered for global prevention of the range of clinical manifestations and associated antibiotic use. Impediments related to antigen diversity, safety concerns, and the difficulty to establish vaccine efficacy against rheumatic heart disease are discussed. Demonstration of vaccine efficacy against pharyngitis and skin infections constitutes a key near-term strategic goal. Investments and collaborative partnerships to diversify and advance vaccine candidates are needed.
Cardiovascular event rates in a high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk population: estimates from Swedish population-based register data
Authors: Lindh Maria , Banefelt Jonas , Fox Kathleen M , Hallberg Sara , Tai Ming-Hui , Eriksson Mats , Villa Guillermo , Svensson Maria K , Qian Yi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to estimate the rate of cardiovascular (CV) events in the real world in patients at high risk of recurrent CV events similar to the FOURIER trial population.

Methods and results
A retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted using Swedish national registers from 1 July 2001 to 31 December 2015. Patients in the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prevalent cohort met the FOURIER-like inclusion criteria, including treatment with high/moderate-intensity statins, on 1 July 2006. Additionally, two cohorts defined by diagnosis of incident ischaemic stroke (IS) and incident myocardial infarction (MI), meeting the FOURIER-like inclusion criteria were followed from date of diagnosis. Event rates were calculated for the hard major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) composite: MI, IS, and CV death; and the ASCVD composite: MI, IS, unstable angina, coronary revascularization, and CV death. Approximately half of patients experienced a CV event (ASCVD composite) during follow-up. The MACE composite rates/100 person-years were 6.3, 11.9, and 12.3 in the ASCVD prevalent (n = 54 992), MI incident (n = 45 895), and IS incident (n = 36 134) cohorts, respectively. The ASCVD composite rates/100 person-years were 7.0, 21.7, and 12.9 in the ASCVD prevalent, MI incident, and IS incident cohorts, respectively. The multiple-event MACE composite rates/100 person-years were 8.5 (ASCVD prevalent cohort), 15.4 (MI incident cohort), and 14.4 (IS incident cohort).

Conclusion
In this real-world setting, CV event rates were high in all studied cohorts. In particular, the MACE composite rates were two to three times higher than in the FOURIER clinical trial, indicating a substantial disease burden despite treatment with moderate or high-intensity statins.
Stage- and tissue-specific effect of cyclophosphamide during tooth development
Authors: Nakatsugawa Kohei , Kurosaka Hiroshi , Inubushi Toshihiro , Aoyama Gozo , Isogai Yukako , Usami Yu , Toyosawa Satoru , Yamashiro Takashi 
Published: January 2019

SummaryObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effect of cyclophosphamide (CPA) in the development of rodent molars.MethodsCPA was administered intraperitoneally in postnatal mice between Day 1 and Day 10, and the morphological phenotype was evaluated at Day 26 using micro-computed tomography and histological analysis, including cell proliferation and cell death analyses.ResultsM3 molars of the mice who received 100 mg/kg CPA treatment at Day 6 or M2 molars who received treatment at Day 1 resulted in tooth agenesis or marked hypoplasia. Histological observation demonstrated that CPA treatment at Day 6 resulted in shrinkage of the M3 tooth germs, with a significant reduction in the proliferation of apoptotic cells. Conversely, CPA exposure at Day 2, which occurs at around the bud stage of M3, resulted in crown and root hypoplasia, with reduced numbers of cusp and root. In addition, CPA exposure at Day 10, which is the late bell stage of M3, induced root shortening; however, it did not affect crown morphogenesis.LimitationsThe timing of CPA administration is limited to after birth. Therefore, its effect during the early stages of M1 and M2 could not be investigated.ConclusionDefective phenotypes were evident in both crown and roots due to the effect of CPA. Interestingly, the severity of the phenotypes was associated with the developmental stages of the tooth germs at the time of CPA administration. The cap/early bell stage is the most susceptive timing for tooth agenesis, whereas the late bell stage is predominantly affected in terms of root formation by CPA administration.
Results of outdoor smoking bans at secondary schools on adolescents smoking behaviour: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Rozema A D , Mathijssen J J P , van Kesteren J N , van Oers J A M , Jansen M W J 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundResearch on the effectiveness of school smoking policies on adolescents’ smoking behaviour remain inconclusive. This study evaluates the results of an outdoor school ground smoking ban at secondary schools on adolescents smoking behaviour, taking individual characteristics into account.MethodsData on 2684 adolescents from 18 Dutch secondary schools (nine with and nine without an outdoor smoking ban) were obtained at two moments. Associations between outdoor school ground smoking bans, individual characteristics, and smoking prevalence and frequency were measured. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were used. At schools with a ban implementation fidelity was checked.ResultsAlthough smoking prevalence and frequency appeared to make a slower increase at schools with an outdoor smoking ban compared with schools without an outdoor smoking ban, the differences were not significant. Differences between schools in the prevalence of smoking behaviour of students could mainly be explained by individual characteristics. Smoking prevalence and frequency were higher among adolescents with a positive attitude towards smoking and when significant others were more positive about smoking. Smoking prevalence and frequency were significantly lower when adolescents perceived it as easy not to smoke. Implementation fidelity was good at schools with a ban.ConclusionsNo short-term effects were found of an outdoor smoking ban. A longer follow-up time than 6 months is needed. In addition, future research should investigate effectiveness in relation to the enforcement of the ban, comprehensiveness of the ban and when it is prohibited to leave school grounds, as smoking behavior might be transferred off school grounds.
Arithmetic of Rational Points and Zero-cycles on Products of Kummer Varieties and K3 Surfaces
Authors: Balestrieri Francesca , Newton Rachel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLet $k$ be a number field. In the spirit of a result by Yongqi Liang, we relate the arithmetic of rational points over finite extensions of $k$ to that of zero-cycles over $k$ for Kummer varieties over $k$. For example, for any Kummer variety $X$ over $k$, we show that if the Brauer–Manin obstruction is the only obstruction to the Hasse principle for rational points on $X$ over all finite extensions of $k$, then the ($2$-primary) Brauer–Manin obstruction is the only obstruction to the Hasse principle for zero-cycles of any given odd degree on $X$ over $k$. We also obtain similar results for products of Kummer varieties, K3 surfaces, and rationally connected varieties.
The Massive Feynman Propagator on Asymptotically Minkowski Spacetimes II
Authors: Gérard Christian , Wrochna Michał 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We consider the massive Klein–Gordon equation on short-range asymptotically Minkowski spacetimes. Extending our results in [7], we show that the Klein–Gordon operator with Feynman-type boundary conditions at infinite times is invertible and that its inverse, called the Feynman inverse, satisfies the microlocal conditions of Feynman parametrices in the sense of Duistermaat and Hörmander. This supplements the recent work of Vasy [10] with more explicit techniques.
Adenylyl Cyclase 6 Expression Is Essential for Cholera Toxin–Induced Diarrhea
Authors: Fenton Robert A , Murali Sathish K , Kaji Izumi , Akiba Yasutada , Kaunitz Jonathan D , Kristensen Tina B , Poulsen Søren B , Dominguez Rieg Jessica A , Rieg Timo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundCholera toxin (CT)–induced diarrhea is mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)–mediated active Cl– secretion via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Although the constitutive activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC) in response to CT is due to adenosine diphosphate ribosylation of the small G protein α-subunit activating CFTR with consequent secretory diarrhea, the AC isoform(s) involved remain unknown.MethodsWe generated intestinal epithelial cell–specific adenylyl cyclase 6 (AC6) knockout mice to study its role in CT-induced diarrhea.ResultsAC6 messenger RNA levels were the highest of all 9 membrane-bound AC isoforms in mouse intestinal epithelial cells. Intestinal epithelial-specific AC6 knockout mice (AC6loxloxVillinCre) had undetectable AC6 levels in small intestinal and colonic epithelial cells. No significant differences in fluid and food intake, plasma electrolytes, intestinal/colon anatomy and morphology, or fecal water content were observed between genotypes. Nevertheless, CT-induced fluid accumulation in vivo was completely absent in AC6loxloxVillinCre mice, associated with a lack of forskolin- and CT-induced changes in the short-circuit current (ISC) of the intestinal mucosa, impaired cAMP generation in acutely isolated small intestinal epithelial cells, and significantly impaired apical CFTR levels in response to forskolin.ConclusionsAC6 is a novel target for the treatment of CT-induced diarrhea.
Comparison of blockchain platforms: a systematic review and healthcare examples
Authors: Kuo Tsung-Ting , Zavaleta Rojas Hugo , Ohno-Machado Lucila 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To introduce healthcare or biomedical blockchain applications and their underlying blockchain platforms, compare popular blockchain platforms using a systematic review method, and provide a reference for selection of a suitable blockchain platform given requirements and technical features that are common in healthcare and biomedical research applications.

Target audience
Healthcare or clinical informatics researchers and software engineers who would like to learn about the important technical features of different blockchain platforms to design and implement blockchain-based health informatics applications.

Scope
Covered topics include (1) a brief introduction to healthcare or biomedical blockchain applications and the benefits to adopt blockchain; (2) a description of key features of underlying blockchain platforms in healthcare applications; (3) development of a method for systematic review of technology, based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement, to investigate blockchain platforms for healthcare and medicine applications; (4) a review of 21 healthcare-related technical features of 10 popular blockchain platforms; and (5) a discussion of findings and limitations of the review.
Laying the Foundations for a Convention on Crimes Against Humanity
Authors: Kreß Claus , Garibian Sévane 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
How far have we come in laying the foundations for a Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity? The co-editors of this symposium conclude that solid groundwork has been laid and hope that the current momentum will be maintained. At the same time, they caution against a ‘rush to conclusion’ as they see room for considerable refinement of many of the proposed provisions as well as the need for a genuine attempt to address the unresolved questions of immunity ratione materiae and amnesty. At this juncture, it is not easy to predict whether a meaningful new draft convention can be presented without further deepening the divide among states about international criminal justice. But it can safely be stated that every additional investment in intellectual energy and time to arrive at the formulation of such a draft is worthy of the effort. The adoption of a Convention on Crimes Against Humanity and preferably one that also updates the Genocide Convention would mark another milestone in the evolution of the international criminal justice system.
New O-type stars in the LAMOST Data Release 3
Authors: Roman-Lopes A , Roman-Lopes G F 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present a sample of 27 new Galactic O-type stars found in the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) Data Release 3 (DR3). The new O-stars were identified by visual examination of spectra in a subsample of the main DR3 catalogue. The earliest of these new Galactic O-stars are two O4 stars: LS V +39 27, an O4 V((f)) star placed in the Outer Arm, probably at more than 15 kpc from the centre of the Galaxy; 2MASS J20261845+4347472, an O4 IV(f) star that has not previously been identified as OB-type. Taking into account the number of new O-stars found in the LAMOST DR3, it is very likely that more will be discovered/identified in the future. Indeed, about 63 per cent (18 of 27) of the new O-type stars are bright sources (V = 12), indicating that an important fraction of the Galactic O-stars is still unidentified, waiting to be catalogued/classified from large Galactic surveys such as LAMOST.
Genome-Wide Characterization of Arabian Peninsula Populations: Shedding Light on the History of a Fundamental Bridge between Continents
Authors: Fernandes Veronica , Brucato Nicolas , Ferreira Joana C , Pedro Nicole , Cavadas Bruno , Ricaut François-Xavier , Alshamali Farida , Pereira Luisa 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The Arabian Peninsula (AP) was an important crossroad between Africa, Asia, and Europe, being the cradle of the structure defining these main human population groups, and a continuing path for their admixture. The screening of 741,000 variants in 420 Arabians and 80 Iranians allowed us to quantify the dominant sub-Saharan African admixture in the west of the peninsula, whereas South Asian and Levantine/European influence was stronger in the east, leading to a rift between western and eastern sides of the Peninsula. Dating of the admixture events indicated that Indian Ocean slave trade and Islamization periods were important moments in the genetic makeup of the region. The western–eastern axis was also observable in terms of positive selection of diversity conferring lactose tolerance, with the West AP developing local adaptation and the East AP acquiring the derived allele selected in European populations and existing in South Asia. African selected malaria resistance through the DARC gene was enriched in all Arabian genomes, especially in the western part. Clear European influences associated with skin and eye color were equally frequent across the Peninsula.