bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypertension is associated with increased post‐exercise albuminuria, which may be attenuated by an active lifestyle
Authors: Grupper Ayelet , Ehrenwald Michal , Schwartz Doron , Berliner Shlomo , Shashar Moshe , Baruch Roni , Schwartz Idit F. , Rogowski Ori , Zeltser David , Shapira Itzhak , Shenhar‐Tsarfaty Shani 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlbuminuria is a known marker for endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular events, even below the threshold of moderately increased albuminuria (MIA). Post‐exercise increased albuminuria may precede the appearance of rest MIA, enabling detection of early injury. Modifying lifestyle for a population at risk for MIA is therefore of interest. Our aim was to evaluate post‐exercise albuminuria in hypertensive compared with normotensive individuals and to analyze the effect of an active lifestyle on rest and post‐exercise albumin excretion. The study cohort consisted of 3931 adults who participated in a health‐screening program. Albuminuria was measured as urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (ACR). Lifestyle was divided into three groups: non‐active, less‐active, and active according to regular sport activity, categorized as follows: none, <2.5 and ≥2.5 hours per week. Mean age was 47.7 years, and 31.2% (n = 1228) were diagnosed with hypertension. Both rest and post‐exercise ACR were higher in hypertensive compared to normotensive participants. Rest ACR was higher in non‐active compared to less‐active and active hypertensive participants. Hypertensive participants with an active lifestyle had significantly lower post‐exercise and delta ACR compared to less‐active and non‐active hypertensive participants. Parameters related to delta ACR in hypertensive participants were increased age, BMI, and diabetes, while active lifestyle and fitness (measured as METS achieved by a stress test) were protective. In conclusion, there is an association between hypertension and increased albumin excretion post‐exercise, which can be attenuated with an active lifestyle.
A new species of Hemigrammus (Characiformes: Characidae) from western Amazon River basin, Colombia
Authors: Albornoz‐Garzón Juan G. , Méndez‐López Alejandro , DoNascimiento Carlos , Lima Flávio C. T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA new species of Hemigrammus is described from the Amazon Basin near Leticia, Departamento Amazonas, Colombia. In common with some congeners and some Hyphessobrycon spp., the new species colour pattern lacks a humeral blotch but has a caudal‐peduncle blotch. It can be distinguished from congeners with a similar colour pattern by having: a relatively deep body (30.2%–39.0% LS), 20–24 branched anal‐fin rays, 6–8 perforated scales of the lateral line, anal‐fin base without a conspicuous black stripe, 3–5 maxillary teeth, maxillary teeth with 1–3 cusps, a thin longitudinal midlateral line and a well‐defined oval shaped caudal blotch, extending from caudal peduncle into the lower caudal‐fin rays. Comparisons with congeners and with Hyphessobrycon species sharing the same general colour pattern are presented.
Rapid prolactin induction in adult male rats after treatment with diethylstilbestrol
Authors: Maeda Naoyuki , Okumura Kanako , Yamaguchi Kousuke , Haeno Satoko , Yasui Yumiko , Kimura Nobuya , Ieko Takahiro , Miyasho Taku , Yokota Hiroshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDiethylstilbestrol (DES) is a synthetic oestrogen known to disrupt the endocrine system and to cause reproductive toxicity mediated via the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis; however, its molecular mechanism of action is poorly understood. In the present study, we found that, after only 1 week of exposure to DES, blood testosterone dramatically decreased and that this decrease was associated with a strong induction of prolactin (PRL). Even with the increase in PRL, the luteinising hormone and follicle‐stimulating hormone mRNAs slightly decreased. Our results show that, after 48 hours of a single dose of DES, there was a six‐fold increase in PRL expression. After exploring the upstream mechanisms, we determined that dopamine, which inhibits PRL secretion in male rats, did not decrease in the pituitary gland of DES‐treated rats, whereas vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), which mediates the acute release of PRL, was elevated. Serotonin (5‐HT) increased in the brain of male rats 24 hours after a single DES treatment; however, PRL, VIP or 5‐HT was not induced by DES in female rats. Our results indicate that DES induces the expression of pituitary PRL in male rats by stimulating VIP in the hypothalamus and 5‐HT in the central nervous system.
The influence of oxytocin on risk‐taking in the balloon analogue risk task among women with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder
Authors: Leslie Monica , Leppanen Jenni , Paloyelis Yannis , Nazar Bruno Palazzo , Treasure Janet 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrevious theoretical models of bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) have implicated cross‐domain risk‐taking behaviour as a significant maintenance factor in both disorders. The present study aimed to test this hypothesis by administering the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) to 25 women with BN or BED and 27 healthy comparison women without a history of an eating disorder. Furthermore, we tested the effect of a divided dose of 64 IU of oxytocin on risk‐taking behaviour in the BART. Contrary to our hypothesis, women with BN or BED did not exhibit baseline differences in performance on the BART in the placebo condition (t = 1.42, df = 50, P = 0.161, d = 0.39). Oxytocin did not have a main effect on performance in the BART (F = 0.01, df = 1, P = .907, η2partial < 0.001); however, there was an interaction, such that participants in the BN/BED participant group, compared to the healthy comparison group, demonstrated safer behaviour on the BART in the oxytocin condition, but not in the placebo condition (F = 4.29, df = 1, P = 0.044, η2partial = 0.082). These findings cast doubt on the common assumption that individuals with BN and BED exhibit greater risk‐taking behaviour in all domains and add to the evidence that oxytocin plays a functional role in modulating behaviours that entail trade‐offs between reward approach and risk in humans. We recommend that future dose‐response studies investigate the effect of oxytocin on reward approach behaviour further in women with recurrent binge eating behaviour, as well as the clinical significance of this effect.
Relationship between forehead motion and the shape of forehead lines—A 3D skin displacement vector analysis
Authors: Frank Konstantin , Freytag David L. , Schenck Thilo L. , Green Jeremy B. , Trovato Alexa , Barade Hassan , Rosamilia Gianna , Lachman Nirusha , Giunta Riccardo E. , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveNeuromodulator injections of the forehead are often performed using standardized protocols. This study was designed to identify the individual skin motion pattern of the forehead and to relate this pattern to the underlying frontalis muscle morphology to offer guidance for neuromodulator placement.Material and MethodsThirty‐seven healthy volunteers (29 Caucasians, six African Americans, two Asians) with a mean age of 39.84 ± 14.4 years [range: 22‐73] were enrolled. 3D images of the forehead were analyzed using a Vectra H1 camera system computing skin displacement vectors between the noncontracted and the maximally contracted forehead of the volunteers. Relationships between the shape of the horizontal forehead lines (straight vs wavy) and the forehead motion pattern were calculated.ResultsIndependent of age or gender, a greater forehead motion angle was associated with the presence of wavy forehead lines 21.34°± 5.9 with P < 0.001, whereas straight forehead lines were associated with a smaller forehead motion angle 6.68°± 2.9 P < 0.001. Females had more frequently straight horizontal forehead lines versus males: 68.4% vs 44.4% (P = 0.037). Young volunteers (<39.8 years) did not differ in their mean forehead motion angle when compared to older volunteers (>39.8 years): 13.70°± 9.0 vs 12.39°± 8.0 with P = 0.530.ConclusionInjections of neuromodulators in the forehead can be individualized by respecting the shape of the horizontal forehead lines. Wavy lines require injection points that are located more laterally, whereas straight lines require more centrally located injection points.
A Relational‐Models View to Explain Peer‐to‐Peer Sharing
Authors: Stofberg Nicole , Bridoux Flore , Ciulli Francesca , Pisani Niccolò , Kolk Ans , Vock Marlene 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe growth of peer‐to‐peer sharing is crucially dependent on continued participation of current platform members and on them behaving prosocially towards other participants who are usually strangers. We propose a relational‐models view that revolves around the idea that how members perceive the relationships among participants on a sharing platform significantly affects these behavioural outcomes. We test this idea with a survey where we capture participants’ perceptions of sharing relationships using Fiske’s (1991) relational models ‒ communal sharing, market pricing, and equality matching. We show that communal sharing and equality matching foster prosocial behaviour (which we label sharing citizenship behaviour) and the willingness to continue participating, whereas market pricing does not have the negative effects we expected. Our work advances relational models theory in addition to contributing to the literature on the sharing economy.
Dynamic virulence‐related regions of the plant pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae display enhanced sequence conservation
Authors: Depotter Jasper R. L. , Shi‐Kunne Xiaoqian , Missonnier Hélène , Liu Tingli , Faino Luigi , van den Berg Grardy C. M. , Wood Thomas A. , Zhang Baolong , Jacques Alban , Seidl Michael F. , Thomma Bart P. H. J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPlant pathogens continuously evolve to evade host immune responses. During host colonization, many fungal pathogens secrete effectors to perturb such responses, but these in turn may become recognized by host immune receptors. To facilitate the evolution of effector repertoires, such as the elimination of recognized effectors, effector genes often reside in genomic regions that display increased plasticity, a phenomenon that is captured in the two‐speed genome hypothesis. The genome of the vascular wilt fungus Verticillium dahliae displays regions with extensive presence/absence polymorphisms, so‐called lineage‐specific regions, that are enriched in in planta‐induced putative effector genes. As expected, comparative genomics reveals differential degrees of sequence divergence between lineage‐specific regions and the core genome. Unanticipated, lineage‐specific regions display markedly higher sequence conservation in coding as well as noncoding regions than the core genome. We provide evidence that disqualifies horizontal transfer to explain the observed sequence conservation and conclude that sequence divergence occurs at a slower pace in lineage‐specific regions of the V. dahliae genome. We hypothesize that differences in chromatin organisation may explain lower nucleotide substitution rates in the plastic, lineage‐specific regions of V. dahliae.
Perspectives on intracellular perception of plant viruses
Authors: Meier Nathan , Hatch Cameron , Nagalakshmi Ugrappa , Dinesh‐Kumar Savithramma P. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe intracellular nucleotide‐binding domain leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) class of immune receptors plays an important role in plant viral defence. Plant NLRs recognize viruses through direct or indirect association of viral proteins, triggering a downstream defence response to prevent viral proliferation and movement within the plant. This review focuses on current knowledge of intracellular perception of viral pathogens, activation of NLRs and the downstream signalling components involved in plant viral defence.
TxtH is a key component of the thaxtomin biosynthetic machinery in the potato common scab pathogen Streptomyces scabies
Authors: Li Yuting , Liu Jingyu , Adekunle Damilola , Bown Luke , Tahlan Kapil , Bignell Dawn R.D. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryStreptomyces scabies causes potato common scab disease, which reduces the quality and market value of affected tubers. The predominant pathogenicity determinant produced by S. scabies is the thaxtomin A phytotoxin, which is essential for common scab disease development. Production of thaxtomin A involves the nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) TxtA and TxtB, both of which contain an adenylation (A‐) domain for selecting and activating the appropriate amino acid during thaxtomin biosynthesis. The genome of S. scabies 87.22 contains three small MbtH‐like protein (MLP)‐coding genes, one of which (txtH) is present in the thaxtomin biosynthesis gene cluster. MLP family members are typically required for the proper folding of NRPS A‐domains and/or stimulating their activities. This study investigated the importance of TxtH during thaxtomin biosynthesis in S. scabies. Biochemical studies showed that TxtH is required for promoting the soluble expression of both the TxtA and TxtB A‐domains in Escherichia coli, and amino acid residues essential for this activity were identified. Deletion of txtH in S. scabies significantly reduced thaxtomin A production, and deletion of one of the two additional MLP homologues in S. scabies completely abolished production. Engineered expression of all three S. scabies MLPs could restore thaxtomin A production in a triple MLP‐deficient strain, while engineered expression of MLPs from other Streptomyces spp. could not. Furthermore, the constructed MLP mutants were reduced in virulence compared to wild‐type S. scabies. The results of our study confirm that TxtH plays a key role in thaxtomin A biosynthesis and plant pathogenicity in S. scabies.
Metabolic reprogramming in nodules, roots, and leaves of symbiotic soybean in response to iron deficiency
Authors: Chu Qingnan , Sha Zhimin , Maruyama Hayato , Yang Linzhang , Pan Gang , Xue Lihong , Watanabe Toshihiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo elucidate the mechanism of adaptation of leguminous plants to iron (Fe)‐deficient environment, comprehensive analyses of soybean (Glycine max) plants (sampled at anthesis) were conducted under Fe‐sufficient control and Fe‐deficient treatment using metabolomic and physiological approach. Our results show that soybeans grown under Fe‐deficient conditions showed lower nitrogen (N) fixation efficiency; however, ureides increased in different tissues, indicating potential N‐feedback inhibition. N assimilation was inhibited as observed in the repressed amino acids biosynthesis and reduced proteins in roots and nodules. In Fe‐deficient leaves, many amino acids increased, accompanied by the reduction of malate, fumarate, succinate, and α‐ketoglutarate, which implies the N reprogramming was stimulated by the anaplerotic pathway. Accordingly, many organic acids increased in roots and nodules; however, enzymes involved in the related metabolic pathway (e.g., Krebs cycle) showed opposite activity between roots and nodules, indicative of different mechanisms. Sugars increased or maintained at constant level in different tissues under Fe deficiency, which probably relates to oxidative stress, cell wall damage, and feedback regulation. Increased ascorbate, nicotinate, raffinose, galactinol, and proline in different tissues possibly helped resist the oxidative stress induced by Fe deficiency. Overall, Fe deficiency induced the coordinated metabolic reprogramming in different tissues of symbiotic soybean plants.
Vestibular modulation of multisensory integration during actual and vicarious tactile stimulation
Authors: Ponzo Sonia , Kirsch Louise P. , Fotopoulou Aikaterini , Jenkinson Paul M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe vestibular system has been shown to contribute to multisensory integration by balancing conflictual sensory information. It remains unclear whether such modulation of exteroceptive (e.g., vision), proprioceptive, and interoceptive (e.g., affective touch) sensory sources is influenced by epistemically different aspects of tactile stimulation (i.e., felt from within vs. seen, vicarious touch). In the current study, we aimed to (a) replicate previous findings regarding the effects of galvanic stimulation of the right vestibular network in multisensory integration, and (b) examine vestibular contributions to multisensory integration when touch is felt but not seen (and vice versa). During artificial vestibular stimulation (LGVS, i.e., right vestibular stimulation), RGVS (i.e., bilateral stimulation), and sham (i.e., placebo stimulation), healthy participants (N = 36, Experiment 1; N = 37, Experiment 2) looked at a rubber hand while either their own unseen hand or the rubber hand were touched by affective or neutral touch. We found that (a) LGVS led to enhancement of vision over proprioception during visual only conditions (replicating our previous findings), and (b) LGVS (versus sham) favored proprioception over vision when touch was felt (Experiment 1), with the opposite results when touch was vicariously perceived via vision (Experiment 2) and with no difference between affective and neutral touch. We showed how vestibular signals modulate the weight of each sensory modality according to the context in which they are perceived and that such modulation extends to different aspects of tactile stimulation: felt and seen touch are differentially balanced in multisensory integration according to their epistemic relevance.
Revitalize the Public Service, Revitalize the Middle Class
Authors: Getha‐Taylor Heather 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe reinventing government movement of the 1990s reshaped the public sector in significant ways. Creating a government that worked better and cost less was accomplished through streamlined federal middle management ranks and privatized service delivery, which contributed to the emergence of a “hollow state.” Workforce reductions that addressed short‐term economic realities effectively threatened the long‐term sustainability of governmental organizations and the communities they serve. A variety of forces are now ushering in a new era of hollow government, including a changing context for public work, shifting bureaucratic expectations, and reduced capacity for workforce management. The public sector and its employees represent an important contributor to the vitality of our economy and communities. Revitalizing the public sector workforce is critical for revitalizing the middle class, and both represent urgent policy priorities.
Comparative study of the developmental competence of cloned pig embryos derived from spermatogonial stem cells and fetal fibroblasts
Authors: Lee Joohyeong , Lee Yongjin , Lee Geun‐Shik , Lee Seung Tae , Lee Eunsong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSpermatogonial stem cells (SSC) are promising resources for genetic preservation and restoration of male germ cells in humans and animals. However, no studies have used SSC as donor nuclei in pig somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). This study investigated the potential for use of porcine SSC as a nuclei donor for SCNT and developmental competence of SSC‐derived cloned embryos. In addition, demecolcine was investigated to determine whether it could prevent rupture of SSC during SCNT. When the potential of SSC to support embryonic development after SCNT was compared with that of foetal fibroblasts (FF), SSC‐derived SCNT embryos showed a higher (p < .05) developmental competence to the blastocyst stage (47.8%) than FF‐derived embryos (25.6%). However, when SSC were used as donor nuclei in the SCNT process, cell fusion rates were lower (p < .05) than when FF were used (61.9% vs. 75.8%). Treatment of SSC with demecolcine significantly (p < .05) decreased rupture of SSC during the SCNT procedure (7.5% vs. 18.8%) and increased fusion of cell‐oocyte couplets compared with no treatment (74.6% vs. 61.6%). In addition, SSC‐derived SCNT embryos showed higher blastocyst formation (48.4%) than FF‐derived embryos without (28.4%) and with demecolcine treatment (17.4%), even after demecolcine treatment. Our results demonstrate that porcine SSC are a desirable donor cell type for production of SCNT pig embryos and that demecolcine increases production efficiency of cloned embryos by inhibiting rupture of nuclei donor SSC during SCNT.
Role of exosomes in tumour and transplant immune regulation
Authors: Lema Diego A. , Burlingham William J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExosomes are a potent means for intercellular communication. However, exosomes have received intensive research focus in immunobiology only relatively recently. Because they transport proteins, lipids and genetic material between cells, they are especially suited to amplify their parental cell's message and overcome the physical constraints of cell‐to‐cell contact, that is exosome release gives cells the ability to alter distant, non‐contiguous cells. As progress is made in this field, it has become increasingly obvious that exosomes are involved in most biological processes. In the immune system, exosomes are fundamental tools used by every immune cell type to fulfil its function and promote inflammation or tolerance. In this review, we first summarize key aspects of immune cell‐specific exosomes and their functions. Then, we describe how exosomes have been shown to be indispensable orchestrators of the immune response in two immunological scenarios, namely transplant rejection or tolerance, and tumour evasion or initiation of anti‐tumour immune responses.
Selected CD molecules and the phagocytosis of microvesicles released from erythrocytesex vivo
Authors: Stachurska Anna , Dorman Małgorzata , Korsak Jolanta , Gaweł Damian , Grzanka Małgorzata , Trybus Wojciech , Fabijanska‐Mitek Jadwiga 
Published: July 2019

Background and objectivesThe accumulation of microvesicles in erythrocyte concentrates during storage or irradiation may be responsible for clinical symptoms such as inflammation, coagulation and immunization. Our aim was to determine whether any of the cluster of differentiation (CD) molecules responsible for important functions are present on microvesicles, and if their expression level is dependent on the storage period of erythrocyte concentrates.Material and methodsErythrocyte microvesicles were isolated from ‘fresh’ (2ndday) and ‘old’ (42ndday) stored erythrocyte concentrates. Qualitative cytometric analysis of 0·5 µm, erythrocyte‐derived, PS‐exposing vesicles was performed using the annexin V‐FITC, anti‐CD235a‐PE antibody and calibrated beads. The microvesicles were also visualized under a confocal microscope. The expression of the molecules CD235a, CD44, CD47, CD55, CD59 and of phosphatidylserine (PS) was compared using flow cytometry. Measurements of microvesicle phagocytosis by human monocytes were carried out using a flow cytometer and a confocal microscope.ResultsThe analysis of the microvesicles with calibration beads allowed us to identify these structures with a diameter of about 0·5 µm in the ‘fresh’ and ‘old’ samples. At day 2, the microvesicles had elevated expression levels of CD47, reduced expression levels of PS, CD55 and CD59. The phagocytosis index was higher for the microvesicles isolated from the 42‐day‐old erythrocyte concentrates.ConclusionThis research may bring us closer to understanding the factors responsible for erythrocyte ageing and to evaluate the quality of stored red blood concentrates intended for transfusion.