bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed convective non-linear radiative flow with TiO2-Cu-water hybrid nanomaterials and induced magnetic field
Authors: Ahmad Khan Sohail , Khan Muhammad Ijaz , Hayat Tasawar , Faisal Javed Muhammad , Alsaedi Ahmed 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address the impact of induced magnetic field in mixed convective stagnation flow of TiO2-Cu-water hybrid nanofluid towards a stretchable sheet. Non-linear thermal radiation and heat source/sink are accounted. Flow of hybrid nanofluid is discussed. Non-linear partial differential expressions are converted to ordinary ones through appropriate transformations.

Design/methodology/approach
The obtained systems are solved for convergence solutions via homotopy analysis method. Graphical results are discussed for different physical variables on the velocity, induced magnetic field and temperature fields for both Cu water nanofluid and TiO2-Cu-water hybrid nanofluid. Finally, the effect of different physical variables on skin friction coefficient (Cfx) and Nusselt number Nux in the presence of water nanofluid and TiO2-Cu-water hybrid nanofluid are discussed.

Findings
Velocities and induced magnetic field are increasing functions of mixed convection parameter and nanoparticle volume fraction. Temperature rises for higher radiation parameter. Skin friction is greater in case of Cu-water nanoliquid, while Nusselt number is less for Cu-water nanofluid when they are compared with hybrid nanoliquid TiO2-Cu-water.

Originality/value
No such work is not yet present in the literature.
Optimization of entropy generation in motion of magnetite-Fe3O4 nanoparticles due to curved stretching sheet of variable thickness
Authors: Qayyum Sumaira , Hayat Tasawar , Alsaedi Ahmed 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Investigation for convective flow of water-based nanofluid (composed of ferric oxide asnanoparticles) by curved stretching sheet of variable thickness is made. Bejan number andentropy generation analysis is presented in presence of viscous dissipation, mixed convectionand porous medium.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, by using NDSolve of MATHEMATICA, the nonlinear system of equations is solved. Velocity, temperature, Bejan number and entropy generation for involved dimensionless variables are discussed.

Findings
Increase in velocity is depicted for larger curvature parameter, and opposite trend is witnessed for higher nanoparticle volume concentration. Enhancement in temperature is seen for higher Eckert number while reverse behavior is noticed for larger curvature parameter. Entropy rate increases for variation of curvature parameter, Brinkman number and nanoparticle volume fraction. Bejan number decays for mixed convection and curvature parameters.

Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, there exists no study yet which describes flow by curved sheet of variable thickness. Such consideration with nanoparticles seems important task. Thus, the main objective here is to determine entropy generation in ferromagnetic nanofluid flow due to variable thickened curved stretching surface. Additionally, effects of Joule heating, porous medium, mixed convection and viscous dissipation are taken into account.
Magneto-hydrostatic lubrication of thrust bearings considering different configurations of recess
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Sharma Satish C. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to numerically investigate the influence of magnetic field and recess configurations on performance of hydrostatic thrust bearing. Electrically conducting fluid is supplied to bearing, operating in external magnetic field. Influences of recess geometric shapes (circular, rectangular, elliptical and triangular) and restrictor (capillary and orifice) are numerically examined on stead-state and dynamic performance characteristics of bearing.

Design/methodology/approach
Numerical simulation of hydrostatic thrust bearing has been performed using finite element (FE) method based on Galerkin’s technique. An iterative source code based on FE approach, Gauss–Siedel and Newton–Raphson method is used to compute steady-state and dynamic performance indices of bearings.

Findings
The presence of magnetic field is observed to be enhancing load-carrying capacity and damping coefficient of bearings. The effect is observed to be more pronounced at low value of Hartmann number, because of the saturation effect observed at higher values of Hartmann number. The enhancement in abovementioned performance indices is observed to be highly dependent on geometry of recess and restrictor.

Research limitations/implications
This study presents a FE-based approach to numerically simulate a hydrostatic thrust bearing. It will help bearing designers and academician in selecting an appropriate recess shape, restrictor and strength of magnetic field, for obtaining optimum performance from hydrostatic thrust bearing.

Originality/value
The present investigation provides a coupled solution of modified Reynolds equation and restrictor equation, which is essential for accurately predicting the performance of hydrostatic thrust bearings.
Guarantees used in refundable financing of innovation in micro, small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Cunha Schmidt Richard , Hoffmann Micheline Gaia 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Despite the increasing availability of financing programs for innovation, micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) often find it difficult to access credit for their projects. Among the reasons, the lack of the types of guarantees required by financial institutions stands out. Focused on this problem, in 2013, the Regional Bank for the Development of the Extreme South (BRDE) created a policy to stimulate innovation, making the required guarantees for financing operations of innovative companies more flexible: the BRDE Inova Program. This paper aims to analyze the guarantees used in the bank operations since the beginning of the program.

Design/methodology/approach
In the first stage of the research, the authors identified the guarantees used in each of the signed contracts, through a documentary survey. Next, semi-structured interviews showed the perceptions of the players involved in the innovation ecosystem of the state of Santa Catarina, regarding aspects related to the guarantees. Specifically, the authors investigated the following elements: strengths and limitations of the programs regarding access to credit for innovation; adequacy of existing guarantee mechanisms. To strengthen the conclusions, they used triangulated data collection in different stages.

Findings
The results showed that, on the one hand, the initiative helped BRDE to consolidate itself as the main financing agent of innovation in MSMEs; on the other hand, the need for traditional guarantees still plays a significant role for innovative MSMEs to access credit.

Originality/value
In addition to practical implications for the bank and other financing agents’ policies, this paper contributes to fill a gap in the literature on guarantee systems applied to the specificities of knowledge-intensive MSMEs.
How does incidental curiosity affect consumers’ unhealthy eating?
Authors: Wang Chen 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to examine how, why and when incidental curiosity might have an influence on consumers’ unhealthy eating behaviors in a subsequent, irrelevant context.Design/methodology/approachThree experiments were conducted. Study 1 tested the basic main effect; Study 2 further tested the proposed process; Study 3 identified an important moderator and offered additional support for the mechanism.FindingsStudy 1 demonstrated the basic main effect that incidental curiosity increases consumers’ preference for unhealthy food. Study 2 replicated the effect in a simulated grocery-shopping task and further provided direct process evidence that a reward-approaching orientation underlies the effect of curiosity on unhealthy food choice. Finally, Study 3 identified information nature as an important moderator of the effect. That is, when people are curious about threatening information, they are likely to adopt an avoidance motivation, which prevents them from seeking any unhealthy food.Practical implicationsOn the one hand, consumers could benefit from being educated that incidental exposure to curiosity cues might lead to unhealthy eating behaviors. On the other hand, public policymakers and responsible marketers should be mindful that, though widely used in marketing, the tactics that elicit consumers’ curiosity might sometimes backfire and undermine their healthy food choices.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the curiosity literature by demonstrating that incidental curiosity could have motivational impacts in the non-information domain, such as food choice. It also adds to the food decision literature by documenting incidental curiosity as an important situational factor of consumers’ food decisions.
A detailed investigation on thermal behaviour of slim floor beams with web openings at elevated temperatures
Authors: Alam Naveed , Nadjai Ali , Vassart Olivier , Hanus Francois 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
In recent times, the use of steel sections with web openings has become common as slim floor beams because they offer a reduction in weight of the steelwork, accommodate services within the floor depth and provide the composite action. The composite action in these beams is achieved either through the concrete dowels or through concrete plugs. Though these web openings offer several benefits in slim floor beams, they induce the material discontinuity in the steel web, which may affect their shear capacity and/or thermal behaviour. The purpose of this study is to investigate the thermal behaviour of slim floor beams with web openings in fire.

Design/methodology/approach
This research presents findings from experimental and analytical investigations conducted to study the thermal behaviour of slim floor beams with web openings in fire. For this purpose, an experimental investigation was conducted, which shows that the presence of web openings has a major influence on temperature development across the steel section as well as along the span of these beams. The behaviour of the tested slim floor beam is validated using finite element modelling. The validated finite element model is then used to conduct a sensitivity study to analyse the influence of different opening spacings, sizes and shapes on the thermal performance of slim floor beams in fire.

Findings
Test results show that the presence of web openings has a major influence on temperature development across the steel section as well as along the span of these beams. Temperatures on the web below the openings are found to be higher as compared to those recorded on the adjacent solid steel web. It is also observed that temperatures on the steel web above the openings are lesser than those on the adjacent solid steel web. Parametric studies conducted using the verified analytical modelling methods show that different opening spacings, sizes and shapes have a variable impact on the thermal behaviour of slim floor beams in fire. Closely spaced and larger opening sizes were found to have a more severe influence on their thermal behaviour in fire as compared to widely spaced and smaller openings. It was also found that the behaviour of these beams is influenced by the shape of the openings with rectangular openings resulting in more severe thermal distributions as compared to circular openings.

Originality/value
The findings from this research study are highly valuable as they contribute to the existing knowledge database. There is a lack of experimental and analytical investigation on performance of slim floor beams with web openings at elevated temperatures. The results and conclusions from this study will help in developing innovative designs for slim floor beams and will help in reducing the fire related risk associated with structures comprising of slim floor beams with web openings.
Optimal risk-taking in corporate defined benefit plans under risk-shifting
Authors: Kitamura Tomoki , Omori Kozo 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to theoretically examine the risk-taking decision of corporate defined benefits (DB) plans. The equity holders’ investment problem that is represented by the position of a vulnerable option is solved.

Design/methodology/approach
The simple traditional contingent claim approach is applied, which considers only the distributions of corporate cash flow, without the model expansions, such as market imperfections, needed to explain the firms’ behavior for DB plans in previous studies.

Findings
The authors find that the optimal solution to the equity holders’ DB investment problem is not an extreme corner solution such as 100 percent investment in equity funds as in the literature. Rather, the solution lies in the middle range, as is commonly observed in real-world economies.

Originality/value
The major value of this study is that it develops a clear mechanism for obtaining an internal solution for the equity holders’ DB investment problem and it provides the understanding that the base for corporate investment behavior for DB plans should incorporate the fact that in some cases the optimal solution is in the middle range. Therefore, the corporate risk-taking behavior of DB plans is harder to identify than the results of the empirical literature have predicted.
Identification of ß-carotene producing bacteria from terrestrial habitats of Jaipur, Rajasthan
Authors: Chokriwal Ankit , Stephen Bjorn John , Singh Abhijeet 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Carotenoids are pigments that have significant value as colorants and antioxidants in pharmaceutical, food, textile and cosmetic industries. Owing to its high demand, this study aims to identify ß-carotene producing bacteria from different terrestrial habitats of Jaipur region.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, standard isolation and purification process was used, followed by colony morphology and biochemical characterization of ß-carotene producing bacteria. ß-carotene concentration was determined quantitatively using spectrophotometric method.

Findings
Out of 43 isolates, 21 isolates showed peak range between 400 and 500 nm confirming the presence of carotenoids. Only one bacteria SAN-A has capacity to produce ß-carotene confirmed by the thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a yield of 1.68 mg/l. The 2, 2-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) assay showed an IC50 value of 4.0 mg/ml.

Originality/value
The present study revealed the presence of ß-carotene producing bacteria in the soil of different terrestrial habitat of Jaipur region which can be exploited as an economical source for ß-carotene production.
Urban bumblebees are smaller and more phenotypically diverse than their rural counterparts
Authors: Eggenberger Helen , Frey David , Pellissier Loïc , Ghazoul Jaboury , Fontana Simone , Moretti Marco 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

With urbanization identified as being one of the key drivers of change in global land use, and the rapid expansion of urban areas world‐wide, it is relevant to evaluate how novel ecological conditions in cities shape species functional traits, which are essential for how species interact with their environments and with each other.

Despite the many comparative studies on organisms living in urban and non‐urban areas, our knowledge on species responses to urban environments remains limited. For one, much of the ecological research has assumed that the environment changes in a linear fashion from the city core to the city edges, whereas in reality the environments within the cities are highly heterogeneous. Furthermore, studies on species responses to these highly variable ecosystems are often based on interspecific mean trait values, which ignore the potential for high levels of intraspecific variation among individuals in key functional traits.

The current study investigated intraspecific functional trait differences for four functional traits associated with body size, mobility and resource selection among rural and urban populations of two common bumblebee species, Bombus pascuorum and Bombus lapidarius, in urban centres and adjacent rural areas in Switzerland.

We document shifts in functional traits towards smaller individuals and higher multidimensional trait variation in urban populations compared to rural conspecifics of both species. This shows that urban individuals for both species are on average smaller sized but populations are distinctively different from rural population by increasing their trait richness and diversifying their trait combinations. In addition, we found bimodality in tongue length within urban B. pascuorum populations.

Our results suggest that urban and rural populations possibly experience differential selection pressures resulting in trait differences across and among populations. We argue that variations in the respective foraging landscapes in cities leads to smaller sized but phenotypically more diverse populations, and drive functional trait divergence.
Evaluating the efficacy of independent versus simultaneous management strategies to address ecological and genetic threats to population viability
Authors: Trask Amanda E. , Fenn Sarah R. , Bignal Eric M. , McCracken Davy I. , Monaghan Pat , Reid Jane M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Small, declining populations can face simultaneous, interacting, ecological and genetic threats to viability. Conservation management strategies designed to tackle such threats independently may then prove ineffective. Population viability analyses that evaluate the efficacy of management strategies implemented independently versus simultaneously are then essential to the design of effective management plans, yet such quantitative evaluations are typically lacking.

We used stochastic individual‐based models, parameterised with high‐quality multi‐year demographic and genetic data, to evaluate the efficacy of independent or simultaneous ecological (supplementary feeding) and genetic (translocations to alleviate inbreeding) management strategies for a red‐billed chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) population of major conservation concern. This population is experiencing ecological threats from food limitation and genetic threats from escalating inbreeding. Conservation managers therefore face a dilemma: supplementary feeding may be ineffective if inbreeding is limiting stochastic population growth rate (λs), while translocations may be ineffective if food is limiting.

Model simulations suggested that the focal population will decline to extinction relatively rapidly with no conservation management (mean λs ≈ 0.86) and with genetic management alone (λs ≈ 0.90). Ecological management alone reduced, but did not halt the population decline (λs ≈ 0.93). However, simultaneous genetic and ecological management yielded population stability (λs ≈ 1), with genetic rescue lasting ~25 years.

These outcomes arose because the capacity for translocations to alleviate inbreeding depression is limited by food availability, while supplementary feeding cannot achieve population viability in the presence of accumulating inbreeding. However, supplementary feeding improved environmental quality enough to allow expression of variance in fitness and thus inbreeding depression, meaning that reductions in inbreeding following translocations can increase λs.

Synthesis and applications. Our analyses suggest that simultaneous management of ecological and genetic threats will be critical to ensuring viability of Scotland's chough population; neither strategy independently is likely to achieve population persistence and may consequently waste conservation resources. Managers of other resource‐limited, inbred populations should consider that the efficacy of strategies designed to alleviate ecological and genetic threats may be interdependent, such that holistic management is essential to ensure population viability.
The loss of functional diversity: A detrimental influence of landscape‐scale deforestation on tree reproductive traits
Authors: Rocha‐Santos Larissa , Mayfield Margaret M. , Lopes Ariadna V. , Pessoa Michaele S. , Talora Daniela C. , Faria Deborah , Cazetta Eliana 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Agricultural activities such as crop production and cattle ranching are rapidly replacing forests worldwide, especially in the tropics. Resulting forest loss can adversely affect biodiversity in many ways, including trajectories of community reassembly, community composition, forest structural profiles and taxonomic diversity. Yet, effects of forest loss on specific ecosystem functions remain limited. Processes closely linked with tree reproduction, such as pollination and seed dispersal are of paramount importance for many ecological functions in tropical forests. Disruption in these processes is known to delay or change forest regeneration, diversity and structural dynamics.

To explore how reproductive and dispersal traits are being altered by landscape‐scale deforestation, we surveyed and compiled trait data for tree communities in 20 tropical Atlantic rainforest remnants in northeastern Brazil, across a gradient of deforested landscapes, each retaining 3%–93% forest cover.

The functional richness of reproductive plant attributes decreased as the amount of forest cover decreased, while divergence increased along the same gradient. Loss of forest cover disproportionately affected certain dispersal and reproductive attributes, with most heavily impacted functional attributes including: brief flowering duration, hermaphrodite sexual system, and zoochoric dispersal mode. We identified a clear threshold at 25–30% of forest cover, below which, reproductive attributes disappeared more quickly than expect from forest remnants.

Synthesis. Deforestation may impair tree community functional diversity, particularly by decreasing the number of functions. Under scenarios of extensive deforestation, changes to reproductive and dispersal trait profile of forest communities suggest that profound modifications in the availability of floral and seed resources are likely to be substantial. Such extensive changes to food supply of pollinating and dispersing animals suggest carry‐over effects to the fauna of these important forest systems.