bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐Ethynylation of Anilides Decreases the Double‐Bond Character of Amide Bond while Retaining trans‐Conformation and Planarity
Authors: Yamasaki Ryu , Morita Kento , Iizumi Hiromi , Ito Ai , Fukuda Kazuo , Okamoto Iwao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractActivated amide bonds have been attracting intense attention; however, most of the studied moieties have twisted amide character. To add a new strategy to activate amide bonds while maintaining its planarity, we envisioned the introduction of an alkynyl group on the amide nitrogen to disrupt amide resonance by nN→Csp conjugation. In this context, the conformations and properties of N‐ethynyl‐substituted aromatic amides were investigated by DFT calculations, crystallography, and NMR spectroscopic analysis. In contrast to the cis conformational preference of N‐ethyl‐ and vinyl‐substituted acetanilides, N‐ethynyl‐substituted acetanilide favors the trans conformation in the crystal and in solution. It also has a decreased double bond character of the C(O)−N bond, without twisting of the amide. N‐Ethynyl‐substituted acetanilides undergo selective C(O)−N bond or N−C(sp) bond cleavage reactions and have potential applications as activated amides for coupling reactions or easily cleavable tethers.
Die gesamte Anlagendoku in der Hosentasche
Authors: Dubovy Markus 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDie Dokumentation einer prozesstechnischen Anlage ist permanent im Wandel. Um den as‐built Zustand zu dokumentieren, sind daher digitale Dokumentations‐Lösungen das Mittel der Wahl. Zu Ende gedacht bedeutet das auch, dass man zur Dokumentation keine ortsfesten Bedienstationen nutzen muss, sondern Änderungen mobil vor Ort vornehmen kann. Rösberg hat mit LiveDOK Web deshalb nun eine betriebssystemunabhängige, webbasierte Lösung geschaffen, die sich mobil in der Anlage nutzen lässt.
Widerstandsfähig unter extremen Bedingungen
Authors: Pöhlmann Ulf 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn Entstaubungsanlagen, die schadstoffhaltige Rauchgase aus Herstellungsprozessen der Stahlindustrie reinigen, können Kompensatoren einer hohen Bewegungsdynamik, hohen Betriebszyklen und extremen Druckwechselbelastungen ausgesetzt sein. Häufig entsteht zudem noch Kondensat. Bei dieser vielschichtigen Problematik veragen klassische Weichstoffkompensatoren oftmals. PTFE‐Verbundkompensatoren von Frenzelit beweisen hingegen unter diesen extremen Bedingungen ihre Widerstandsfähigkeit.
Analysis of crop suitability using clustering technique in Coimbatore region of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Poongodi S. , Rajesh Babu M. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAgricultural production is a important thing that should be maintained because need of crop is increasing for the current population. They are affected by various factors of environmental conditions, temperature, soil conditions, etc. Most of the farmers cultivate crops without the knowledge about crop suitability in their location there by reducing the crop productivity and money loss. It tends to cause the economical level of country. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method to predict the crop productivity. In this work, Coimbatore region is taken for case study to analyze the crop productivity. For this process, new data mining technique is proposed and employed to predict the crop suitability. The proposed method produces the better results in terms of prediction level in region and sub regions of given area.
Evaluating 0–0 Energies with Theoretical Tools: A Short Review
Authors: Loos Pierre‐François , Jacquemin Denis 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFor a given electronic excited state, the 0–0 energy (T0 or T00) is the simplest property allowing straightforward and physically‐sound comparisons between theory and (accurate) experiment. However, the computation of 0–0 energies with ab initio approaches requires determining both the structure and the vibrational frequencies of the excited state, which limits the quality of the theoretical models that can be considered in practice. This explains why only a rather limited, yet constantly increasing, number of works have been devoted to the determination of this property. In this contribution, we review these efforts with a focus on benchmark studies carried out for both gas phase and solvated compounds. Over the years, not only as the size of the molecules increased, but the refinement of the theoretical tools has followed the same trend. Though the results obtained in these benchmarks significantly depend on both the details of the protocol and the nature of the excited states, one can now roughly estimate, in the case of valence transitions, the overall accuracy of theoretical schemes as follows: 1 eV for CIS, 0.2–0.3 eV for CIS(D), 0.2–0.4 eV for TD‐DFT when one employs hybrid functionals, 0.1–0.2 eV for ADC(2) and CC2, and 0.04 eV for CC3, the latter approach being the only one delivering chemical accuracy on a near‐systematic basis.
Identification of embelin, a 3‐undecyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone from Embelia ribes as a multitargeted anti‐Alzheimer agent
Authors: Nuthakki Vijay K. , Sharma Ankita , Kumar Ajay , Bharate Sandip B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBeta‐secreatse (BACE‐1) and cholinesterases are clinically validated targets of Alzheimer's disease (AD), for which natural products have provided immense contribution. The multifaceted nature of AD signifies the need of multitargeted agents to tackle this disease. In the search of new natural products as dual BACE‐1/cholinesterase inhibitors, a library of pure natural products was screened for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and BACE‐1. The screening efforts have identified 1,4‐benzoquinone “embelin,” a natural product derived from Embelia ribes displaying inhibition of all three enzymes, with IC50 values of 2.5, 5.4, and 2.1 μM, respectively. This screen has also identified isoquinoline alkaloids papaverine and L‐tetrahydropalmatine as AChE inhibitors. Kinetic study has shown that embelin inhibits EeAChE and EqBChE with ki values of 4.59 and 0.57 μM, in an uncompetitive and noncompetitive manner, respectively. The interactions of embelin with allosteric peripheral anionic site of cholinesterases, has further supported the results of kinetic study. Embelin has also enhanced the activity of P‐gp in LS‐180 cells, the efflux pump which is involved in the clearance of amyloid‐β from AD brain. Further, the cell viability study in neuronal cell line has indicated the excellent therapeutic window of embelin. These results are indicative of the fact that embelin is a multitargeted agent playing role in stopping the formation of amyloid‐β oligomers (via inhibition of BACE‐1), improves cholinergic‐transmission (via inhibition of AChE/BChE) and increases amyloid‐β clearance (via P‐gp induction).
Effects of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Aihua , Yang Keming , Wang Tiansheng , Zhang Ning , Tang Huilin , Feng Xin 
Published: May 2019

SummaryIt has been reported that sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors could increase blood viscosity, which may further increase risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Therefore, we conducted this meta‐analysis to evaluate the association between SGLT2 inhibitors and risk of VTE in patients with type 2 diabetes. We systematically searched electronic databases up to April 2019 to identify randomized trials that reported the events of VTE in SGLT2 inhibitors group and control group (placebo or other active antidiabetic drugs). The primary outcome was VTE, and secondary outcomes included deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). A fixed‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to calculate the risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI. In total, 29 randomized trials involving 56 035 patients with type 2 diabetes were included. Incidence of VTE was not significantly different between SGLT2 inhibitors group and control group (128/32 038 vs 92/23 997), yielding an RR of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.75‐1.28). Similarly, null associations were observed in the subgroup analyses. Our cumulative meta‐analysis demonstrated the stability of our overall result over time. There was no significant association between SGLT2 inhibitors and risk of both DVT (17 trials; 31/17 442 vs 15/10 930; RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.60‐1.89) and PE (19 trials; 56/26 118 vs 41/19 517; RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.67‐1.46). Low statistical heterogeneity and no evidence of publication bias were observed. Current evidence from randomized trials found no association between SGLT2 inhibitors and risk of VTE among patients with type 2 diabetes.
Long‐term impacts of warming drive decomposition and accelerate the turnover of labile, not recalcitrant, carbon
Authors: Stuble Katharine L. , Ma Shuang , Liang Junyi , Luo Yiqi , Classen Aimée T. , Souza Lara 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWarming is altering the way soils function in ecosystems both directly by changing microbial physiology and indirectly by causing shifts in microbial community composition. Some of these warming‐driven changes are short term, but others may persist over time. Here, we took advantage of a long‐term (14 yr) warming experiment in a tallgrass prairie to tease apart the influence of short‐ and long‐term warming on litter decomposition. We collected soils originating from warmed and control plots and incubated them with a common litter substrate in a reciprocal design under elevated and ambient growth chamber temperatures. Litter decomposition was 40% higher in soils that were warmed in the field for 14 yr (long‐term warming) relative to soils derived from ambient plots. Short‐term warming in the laboratory had less of an impact on decomposition—decomposition increased by 12% under laboratory warming. Using a two‐pool soil carbon model to explore how different carbon pools may be responding, we found that long‐term warming accelerated the turnover of labile, not recalcitrant, carbon in these prairie soils—a result that is likely due to shifts in soil community activity/composition. Taken together, our results offer experimental evidence that warming‐induced changes in the soil community that occur over 14 yr of warming have long‐lasting effects on carbon turnover.
Future direction of searching for root economics spectrum: focusing on the fibrous roots “absorptive unit”
Authors: Shao Xinliang , Wang Lijun , Zhang Qin , Liu Yuhui , Yang Xitian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAs one of the trait‐based approaches, leaf economics spectrum (LES) has led to significant advances in plant ecology; however, hypothetical root economics spectrum (RES) which is even more important than the LES aboveground is still less well understood. By analogy with the LES, hypothetical RES may emerge from the coordinated functional traits of fine roots. However, lots of previous studies revealed inconsistent evidence of an RES across the woody species which dominate the terrestrial ecosystem. By discussing the sampling problems in previous studies, we realize that the main reason of failing to search the RES across woody species might be the lack of a standardized sampling protocol. Using inconsistent and inaccurate basic samples of absorptive roots in previous studies impeded the search for an RES. Mycorrhizal interactions and soil matrix constraints do have influences on fine‐root traits; however, there is no adequate evidence to support that these factors can offset or impede selection for an RES. In order to make sure the comparability across species and between studies, we come up with a concept absorptive unit of fibrous roots. The absorptive unit, which integrates all the absorptive fibrous root orders interconnected in a distal nonwoody cluster as a whole, is a parallel to a leaf. Excluding all the pioneer roots and treating absorptive unit as a basic sample can make sure the comparability across species and between studies. We believe it will offer a promising way to find consistent evidence that support the RES.
Influence of lipids on stable isotope ratios in mammal hair: highlighting the importance of validation
Authors: Rioux Ève , Pelletier Fanie , St‐Laurent Martin‐Hugues 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCarbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios are increasingly used in ecological studies to evaluate diet composition and trophic relationships. However, lipids may influence stable isotope ratios due to the depletion of 13C in adipose tissues relative to proteins and carbohydrates. δ13C values can be corrected by lipid extraction or normalization models. The aims of our study were to evaluate the effects of lipid extraction on stable isotope ratios in a terrestrial mammal, the caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), and to propose relevant lipid normalization models that are method‐ and tissue‐specific for δ13C values. We also evaluated whether four δ13C lipid normalization and correction models proposed in the literature were applicable to our study species. Stable isotope ratios were obtained for hair, plasma, and red blood cell samples of 44 caribou in the Gaspésie National Park (Québec, Canada). The effects of lipid extraction on stable isotope ratios were tested using a paired t‐test. A simple linear model was used to correct for the effects of lipid extraction and to assess its performance compared to that of published equations. Lipid content significantly influenced δ13C values in caribou hair. The four lipid normalization equations commonly used in the literature did not accurately predict δ13Clipid‐free values of caribou hair. Based on our results, we recommend controlling systematically for lipids in terrestrial systems and analyzing δ13C (lipid‐free) and δ15N (bulk) from two separate aliquots to reach a greater precision. We also recommend controlling for lipids in hair tissue. If not possible, we recommend using a lipid normalization model that is tissue‐, method‐, and species‐specific or applying a model that has been previously validated for the tissue and species of interest.
Measurement and estimation of densities of different biodiesel–diesel–alcohol ternary blends
Authors: Gülüm Mert , Onay Funda Kutlu , Bilgin Atilla 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDensity is one of the most important fuel properties influencing the injection, spray, and combustion characteristics. Since a number of articles have recently been performed investigating the effects of biodiesel–diesel–alcohol ternary blends on combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions, the reliable density data and regression models for the ternary blends become more important in developing accurate spray, combustion and emission models. However, there is lack of studies which focus on (a) the measurement of densities of ternary blends including higher alcohols over wide alcohol blending ratio at different temperatures, (b) development of one‐dimensional regression models to predict densities of ternary blends, and (c) comparison of predictive capabilities of models with artificial neural networks (ANNs). Therefore, in this article, to eliminate the lack of such studies in the existing literature, waste cooking oil biodiesel was produced, and it was mixed with diesel fuel and several alcohols to prepare ternary blends. The density measurements of ternary blends were performed under various temperatures (278.15 K−368.15 K). The exponential equation which can be used in spray or combustion model was derived by fitting the density data. The predictive capability of the exponential model was compared with the linear model and ANN using different density data of ternary blends to determine the best‐fit correlation. According to results, ANN is the most suitable one to estimate density; however, the exponential model is also thought to be an alternative to ANN.
The association between specific neuropsychiatric disturbances in people with Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies and carer distress
Authors: Terum Toril Marie , Testad Ingelin , Rongve Arvid , Aarsland Dag , Svendsboe Ellen , Andersen John Roger 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are identified as important care‐recipient variables in terms of the impact on carer distress. The aim of this study was to determine whether specific neuropsychiatric disturbances in people with Alzheimer disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) differentially impact carer distress.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of people diagnosed with AD and DLB and their primary carers. The Relatives' Stress Scale (RSS) was used to assess the level of reported distress in carers, and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was used to assess NPSs. The effect of NPSs on carer distress was analyzed using correlation analysis and partial least squares regression.ResultsThis study included 159 participants diagnosed with AD (n = 97) and DLB (n = 62) and their primary carers (spouses and adult children). The majority of people diagnosed with dementia were women (64.2%), with a mean age of 75.9 years (SD, 7.4) and a mean Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of 23.5 (SD, 2.9). The main analysis identified apathy as the most important NPS contributing to carer distress. Compared with AD, the explained variance in the DLB group was higher (r2 = 37.3 vs r2 = 53.7). In addition, more NPSs were considered clinically important in the DLB group.ConclusionThe findings of this study identify apathy as the most important NPS contributing to carer distress among carers of people with AD and DLB. These findings help us identify the support needs of families dealing with dementia.
Cognitive screening instruments to identify vascular cognitive impairment: A systematic review
Authors: Ghafar Mohd Zaquan Arif Abd , Miptah Hayatul Nawwar , O'Caoimh Rónán 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionVascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is common and important to detect as controlling risk factors, particularly hypertension, may slow onset and progression. There is no consensus as to which cognitive screening instrument (CSI) is most suitable for VCI. We systematically reviewed the psychometric properties of brief CSIs for vascular mild cognitive impairment (VMCI) and vascular dementia (VaD).MethodsLiterature searches were performed using scholarly databases from inception until 31 May 2018. Studies were eligible if participants were aged 18 or older, interviewed face‐to‐face, and standard diagnostic criteria for VCI were applied, excluding those specifically identifying post‐stroke dementia. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool.ResultsFifteen studies were identified including eight types of CSIs (27 subtests/variants) and 4575 participants (1015 with VCI), mean age range: 51.6 to 75.5 years. Most studies compared more than one instrument. Five papers examined clock‐drawing; four, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE); and three used the Brief Memory and Executive Test (BMET). The MoCA (AUC > 0.90) and MMSE (AUC: 0.86‐0.99) had excellent accuracy in differentiating VaD from controls; the MoCA had good internal consistency (Cronbach's α: .83‐.88). The MoCA (AUC: 0.87‐0.93) and BMET (AUC: 0.94) had the greatest accuracy in separating VMCI from controls. Most studies had low to moderate risk of bias in all domains of the QUIPS. Data were heterogeneous, precluding a meta‐analysis.ConclusionsAlthough few studies were available and further research is required, data suggests that the MoCA is accurate and reliable for differentiating VaD and VMCI from controls.
Metal Doping/Alloying of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals and their Applications in Light‐Emitting Diodes with Enhanced Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Kumawat Naresh Kumar , Yuan Zhongcheng , Bai Sai , Gao Feng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have demonstrated great advances for light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) applications, owing to their excellent optical, electrical properties and cost‐effective solution‐processing potentials. Tremendous progress has been made in perovskite NCs‐based LEDs during the past several years, with the external quantum efficiency (EQE) boosted to over 20 %. Recently, metal doping/alloying strategy has been explored to finely tune the optoelectronic properties and enhance material stability of perovskite NCs, leading to further improved device efficiency and stability of the obtained perovskite NCs‐based LEDs. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the metal doping/alloying of perovskite NCs and their applications in LEDs. We focus on the effects of different metal doping strategies on the structural and optoelectronic properties of the perovskite NCs. In addition, several works on high‐performance LEDs based on metal doped/alloyed perovskite NCs with different light emission colours are highlighted. Finally, we present an outlook on employing metal doping/alloying strategies to further improve the device efficiency and stability of LEDs based on perovskite NCs.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of dihydroartemisinin‐piperaquine versus sulphadoxine‐pyrimethamine for malaria prevention in pregnancy
Authors: Olaleye Atinuke , Okusanya Babasola O. , Oduwole Olabisi , Esu Ekpereonne , Meremikwu Martin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntermittent preventive treatment (IPT) with sulphadoxine‐pyrimethamine (SP) is recommended for preventing maternal and fetal effects of malaria in pregnancy. Increasing parasite resistance to SP has necessitated the search for an alternative medication.ObjectiveTo compare dihydroartemisinin‐piperaquine (DP) and sulphadoxine‐pyrimethamine in preventing malaria during pregnancy.Search strategyDatabases including CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and ICTRP were searched until August 2018.Selection criteriaRandomized and quasi‐randomized controlled trials that compared DP with SP given to pregnant women to prevent adverse maternal or fetal effects of malaria were included.Data collection and analysisQuality of evidence was determined with GRADE criteria. Effectiveness measures were calculated using odds ratios at 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThree randomized controlled trials were included. Compared with IPT‐SP, moderate certainty evidence indicated that women who received IPT‐DP had significantly lower risks of clinical malaria during pregnancy. High certainty evidence showed intermittent screening and treatment with DP did not reduce placental malaria or maternal parasitemia at delivery. Effect of DP on low birth weight and adverse birth outcomes was minimal.ConclusionsModerate certainty evidence suggests that IPT‐DP may reduce maternal and placental malaria compared with IPT‐SP, and monthly DP is more effective than SP in reducing placental malaria.PROSPERO ID: CRD42018084651.