bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression‐related disturbances in rat maternal behaviour are associated with altered monoamine levels within mesocorticolimbic structures
Authors: Winokur Sarah B. , Lopes Keianna L. , Moparthi Yashaswani , Pereira Mariana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe ability of mothers to sensitively attune their maternal responses to the needs of their developing young is fundamental to a healthy mother‐young relationship. The biological mechanisms that govern how mothers adjust caregiving to the dynamic changes in the demands of the young remain an open question. In the present study, we examined whether changes in monoamine levels, within discrete mesocorticolimbic structures involved in cognitive and motivational processes key to parenting, modulate this flexibility in caregiving across the postpartum period. The present study used a Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) animal model of depression and control Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats, which differ dramatically in their cognitive, motivational, and parenting performance. Levels of the monoamine neurotransmitters, dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin, as well as their major metabolites, were measured within the medial prefrontal cortex, striatum, nucleus accumbens and medial preoptic area of SD and WKY mothers at early (postpartum day [PPD]7‐8), late (PPD15‐16) and weaning (PPD25) postpartum stages using high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Consistent with our prior work, we find that caregiving of SD mothers declined as the postpartum period progressed. Relative to nulliparous females, early postpartum mothers had lower intracellular concentrations of monoamines, as well as lower noradrenaline turnover, and an elevated serotonin turnover within most structures. Postpartum behavioural trajectories subsequently corresponded to a progressive increase in all three monoamine levels within multiple structures. Compared to SD mothers, WKY mothers were inconsistent and disorganised in caring for their offspring and exhibit profound deficits in maternal behaviour. Additionally, WKY mothers had generally lower levels of all three monoamines, as well as different patterns of change across the postpartum period, compared to SD mothers, suggesting dysfunctional central monoamine pathways in WKY mothers as they transition and experience motherhood. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest a role for monoamines at multiple mesocorticolimbic structures with repect to modulating caregiving behaviours attuned to the changing needs of the young.
Laparoscopic inguinal ligament suspension combined with hysterectomy for the treatment of uterovaginal prolapse
Authors: Li Chunbo , Dai Zhiyuan , Shu Huimin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo demonstrate the efficacy and safety of a modified technique of laparoscopic inguinal ligament suspension (LILS) with hysterectomy for the treatment of uterovaginal prolapse.MethodsA total of 57 patients were treated by LILS combined with hysterectomy between Jan 2014 and Feb 2016. The perioperative parameters, such as operative time, estimated blood loss, length of stay and intra‐ and postoperative complications were recorded. The Pelvic Organ Prolapse questionnaire classification was applied to evaluate the Pelvic Organ Prolapse stage, and Patient Global Impression of Improvement scale was used to determine the patients' satisfaction. Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory‐20 and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire were used to evaluate the functional improvement. All data were collected preoperatively and then at 12 months postoperatively.ResultsThe mean surgical time was 130.4 (82–190) min, the average blood loss was 50.4 (10–300) mL and the mean hospitalization was 5.3 (4–8) days. The rates of intra‐ and postoperative complications were low. After a minimal of 12 months follow‐up, the anatomical success rate was 85.5%, and the subjective satisfaction rate was 92.7%. The functional measures also presented a significant improvement with no recurrence of prolapse.ConclusionLILS combined with hysterectomy was a safe and effective technique and might be considered as an alternative treatment for patients with uterovaginal prolapse.
Pathways of Religious Assimilation: Second‐Generation Asian Americans’ Religious Retention and Religiosity
Authors: Chen Carolyn , Park Jerry Z. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe explore the religious assimilation of different Asian American second‐generation religious groups by examining their rates of religious retention and levels of religiosity relative to the first generation and the general American population. In general, Asian Americans exhibit a pattern of generational religious decline: the second generation tend to have lower levels of both religious retention and religiosity compared to the immigrant generation. The second generation do not necessarily conform to the religious patterns of the general population. Rather, they follow different trajectories of retention and religiosity depending on the religion. We identify four different pathways of religious change among the second generation, and discuss how racial and religious differences mediate assimilation into American religion.
Religiosity and Aging: Age and Cohort Effects and Their Implications for the Future of Religious Values in High‐Income OECD Countries
Authors: Shulgin Sergey , Zinkina Julia , Korotayev Andrey 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIt has long been
noticed that older people tend to be more religious than younger people. However, it is still disputable whether this fact should be attributed to people generally becoming more religious with age per se (age effect), or to the process of secularization, wherein earlier cohorts (to which the now older people belong) used to be more religious than those that appeared later, younger cohorts (cohort effect). We try to distinguish between these two effects using a multifactor model applied to World Values Survey data (1981–2014) and find that at least in the developed countries the age effect strongly prevails over the cohort effect. This finding has important implications, e.g., that population aging in OECD countries can possibly slow down the transition from religious to secular values. This effect is already visible in some countries, such as Japan.
Non-invasive Intraocular pressure monitoring with contact lens
Authors: Campigotto Angelica , Leahy Stephane , Zhao Guowei , Campbell Robert J , Lai Yongjun 
Published: July 2019

Background
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world and the first leading cause of irreversible vision loss. Currently, the primary methodology of testing for the intraocular pressure (IOP) is during clinical office hours, which only provide a limited amount of information on the trends and fluctuations of the IOP. Therefore, a continuous monitoring system is required to properly determine the peaks of pressure and to negate any false results obtained by sparse, clinic hour testing. The objective of this study is to determine the ability of a newly designed contact lens with an embedded microchannel, to accurately measure the fluctuations in the IOP.

Methods
Experimentation was completed on fresh enucleated porcine eyes. The contact lens was placed on the porcine eye and utilising a camera the fluid movement, within the microchannel in the contact lens, was recorded. A micro-pressure catheter, threaded into the centre of the vitreous chamber, recorded the true IOP and was compared with the displacement of the indicator fluid within the microchannel.

Results
The contact lenses showed a consistent linear responsiveness to changes in IOP and robust to the effects of anatomical differences among eyes. The indicator fluid had an average fluid movement of 28 um/mm Hg between all the trials. Additionally, the devices showed the ability to measure both increases and decreases in IOP during cyclical fluctuations.

Conclusion
The described inexpensive and non-invasive sensor is able to reliably monitor the IOP changes based on porcine eye model.
Dietary fats and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes: analysis in two population based cohort studies
Authors: Jiao Jingjing , Liu Gang , Shin Hyun Joon , Hu Frank B , Rimm Eric B , Rexrode Kathryn M , Manson JoAnn E , Zong Geng , Sun Qi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association of dietary fatty acids with cardiovascular disease mortality and total mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes.DesignProspective, longitudinal cohort study.SettingHealth professionals in the United States.Participants11 264 participants with type 2 diabetes in the Nurses’ Health Study (1980-2014) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2014).ExposuresDietary fat intake assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires and updated every two to four years.Main outcome measureTotal and cardiovascular disease mortality during follow-up.ResultsDuring follow-up, 2502 deaths including 646 deaths due to cardiovascular disease were documented. After multivariate adjustment, intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was associated with a lower cardiovascular disease mortality, compared with total carbohydrates: hazard ratios comparing the highest with the lowest quarter were 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.58 to 0.99; P for trend=0.03) for total PUFAs, 0.69 (0.52 to 0.90; P=0.007) for marine n-3 PUFAs, 1.13 (0.85 to 1.51) for α-linolenic acid, and 0.75 (0.56 to 1.01) for linoleic acid. Inverse associations with total mortality were also observed for intakes of total PUFAs, n-3 PUFAs, and linoleic acid, whereas monounsaturated fatty acids of animal, but not plant, origin were associated with a higher total mortality. In models that examined the theoretical effects of substituting PUFAs for other fats, isocalorically replacing 2% of energy from saturated fatty acids with total PUFAs or linoleic acid was associated with 13% (hazard ratio 0.87, 0.77 to 0.99) or 15% (0.85, 0.73 to 0.99) lower cardiovascular disease mortality, respectively. A 2% replacement of energy from saturated fatty acids with total PUFAs was associated with 12% (hazard ratio 0.88, 0.83 to 0.94) lower total mortality.ConclusionsIn patients with type 2 diabetes, higher intake of PUFAs, in comparison with carbohydrates or saturated fatty acids, is associated with lower total mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality. These findings highlight the important role of quality of dietary fat in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and total mortality among adults with type 2 diabetes.
Low fasting glucose and future risks of major adverse outcomes in people without baseline diabetes or cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liao Hung-Wei , Saver Jeffrey , Yeh Hsin-Chieh , Chen Chi-Hsin Sally , Wu Yi-Ling , Lee Meng , Ovbiagele Bruce 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the link between low fasting blood glucose levels and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes among people without baseline diabetes or cardiovascular disease.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed and Embase (1966–February 2019).Selection criteriaProspective cohort studies were included for meta-analysis if they reported adjusted HRs with 95% CIs for associations between risk of all-cause mortality, stroke, major cardiovascular events, coronary heart disease and low fasting glucose levels (<4.6 mmol/L and/or 4.0 mmol/L, respectively) versus normal fasting glucose levels.Data extraction and statistical analysisTwo independent reviewers extracted data from eligible studies. Heterogeneity was assessed by p value of χ2tests and I2. We assessed four characteristics for each included study based on items developed by the US Preventive Task Force, as well as the modified checklist used in previous studies.ResultsEleven articles (consisting of 129 prospective cohort studies) with 2 674 882 participants without diabetes and cardiovascular disease at baseline were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results from the random effects model showed increased risks of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.56; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.23), total stroke (HR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.13) and ischaemic stroke (HR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.10), and major cardiovascular events (HR: 1.05, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.07) among people with a fasting glucose <4.0 mmol/L, as compared with people with normal fasting glucose. The less stringent low fasting glucose level, <4.6 mmol/L, was not associated with increased risk of any endpoints.Discussion and conclusionsAmong people without baseline diabetes or cardiovascular disease, a fasting blood glucose level of <4.0 mmol/L is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, major cardiovascular events and stroke.
Intersectoral and integrated approaches in achieving the right to health for refugees on resettlement: a scoping review
Authors: Ho Shirley , Javadi Dena , Causevic Sara , Langlois Etienne V , Friberg Peter , Tomson Göran 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundBetter understanding, documentation and evaluation of different refugee health interventions and their means of health system integration and intersectoral collaboration are needed.ObjectivesExplore the barriers and facilitators to the integration of health services for refugees; the processes involved and the different stakeholders engaged in levaraging intersectoral approaches to protect refugees’ right to health on resettlement.DesignScoping review.MethodsA search of articles from 2000 onward was done in MEDLINE, Web of Science, Global Health and PsycINFO, Embase. Two frameworks were applied in our analysis, the ‘framework for analysing integration of targeted health interventions in systems’ and ‘Health in All Policies’ framework for country action. A comprehensive description of the methods is included in our published protocol.Results6117 papers were identified, only 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. Facilitators in implementation included: training for providers, colocation of services, transportation services to enhance access, clear role definitions and appropriate budget allocation and financing. Barriers included: lack of a participatory approach, insufficient resources for providers, absence of financing, unclear roles and insufficient coordination of interprofessional teams; low availability and use of data, and turf wars across governance stakeholders. Successful strategies to address refugee health included: networks of service delivery combining existing public and private services; system navigators; host community engagement to reduce stigma; translation services; legislative support and alternative models of care for women and children.ConclusionLimited evidence was found overall. Further research on intersectoral approaches is needed. Key policy insights gained from barriers and facilitators reported in available studies include: improving coordination between existing programmes; supporting colocation of services; establishing formal system navigator roles that connect relevant programmes; establishing formal translation services to improve access and establishing training and resources for providers.
Understanding the influence of the MomConnect programme on antenatal and postnatal care service utilisation in two South African provinces: a realist evaluation protocol
Authors: Kabongo Eveline M , Mukumbang Ferdinand C , Delobelle Peter , Nicol Edward 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionTimely antenatal care (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) attendance decrease maternal and child mortality by improving maternal and child health (MCH) outcomes. Mobile health or mHealth has been identified as an effective way of improving the uptake of MCH services. The MomConnect programme is an mHealth initiative launched by the National Department of Health of South Africa in August 2014 to support MCH. Although widely used, there is a limited understanding of how, why, for whom and under which health system conditions, the implementation of MomConnect improves the health-seeking behaviour of pregnant women and mothers of infants in ANC and PNC facilities. This paper describes the protocol for a realist evaluation of the MomConnect programme, to provide a theory-based understanding of how, why and under what healthcare conditions the MomConnect programme works or not.Method and analysisWe will use the realist evaluation approach through its research cycle conducted in three phases. In phase I, a multimethod elicitation study design will be used, including a document review, key informant interviews and a scoping review to formulate an initial programme theory of the MomConnect intervention. Content and thematic analytic approaches will be used to analyse the data that will be fitted into a realist framework to formulate the initial programme theory. In phase II, a multi-case study design will be applied using a multimethod approach in two South African provinces. In each case, a theory-testing approach underpinned by the hypothetico-deduction analytic model will be used to test the initial programme theory. Surveys, interviews and focus group discussions will be conducted with various programme actors and analysed using appropriate methods. Phase III will entail refining the tested/modified programme theory through cross-case analysis.Expected outcomesAn improved understanding of how and why the MomConnect intervention improves the health-seeking behaviour of pregnant women and mothers of infants, and the health system conditions that influence its implementation.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was granted by the Stellenbosch University Ethics Committee (S18/09/189). The protocol has been designed and the study will be conducted in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1964).
Loneliness as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome: results from the HUNT study
Authors: Henriksen Roger Ekeberg , Nilsen Roy M , Strandberg Ragnhild Bjarkøy 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveMetabolic syndrome (MetS) includes hyperglycaemia, hypertension, central adiposity, elevated triglyceride levels and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. All factors are identified as risk factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality. This longitudinal study examined whether loneliness, which has been shown to predict a range of negative health outcomes, increases the risk for MetS.MethodsWe used data from ‘the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study’ (HUNT) which is a large longitudinal health study based on a Mid-Norway county population (n=26 990). Self-reports, physical examinations and blood samples were analysed to evaluate the associations between loneliness and incidents of MetS after 10 years (follow-up survey conducted during 2006–2008). We also investigated the role of depression as a potential mediating factor.ResultsIndividuals who reported higher levels of loneliness had a higher odds for MetS (adjusted OR 1.09 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.16); p=0.007). This effect was mediated through depression.ConclusionsFindings suggest that loneliness may be an important factor that increases the risk for MetS. The effect of loneliness on MetS is mediated through depressive symptoms. Reducing loneliness may help prevent the incidence of MetS and related diseases.
Onset to reperfusion time as a determinant of outcomes across a wide range of ASPECTS in endovascular thrombectomy: pooled analysis of the SWIFT, SWIFT PRIME, and STAR studies
Authors: Kim Joon-Tae , Goyal Mayank , Levy Elad I , Liebeskind David , Jahan Reza , Pereira Vitor M , Gralla Jan , Bonafe Alain , Saver Jeffrey L 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThe time–benefit relationship of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) according to the size of the core infarct has been incompletely explored in prior studies. We investigated whether established infarct core size on baseline imaging modifies the relationship between onset-to-reperfusion time (OTR) and functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with EVT.MethodsWe analyzed a database containing individual patient data pooled from three prospective Solitaire stent retriever studies. The inclusion criteria were treatment with a Solitaire device and achievement of substantial reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b–3). Main analyses were performed in patients with baseline Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Scores (ASPECTSs) of 7–10.ResultsAmong the 305 patients (mean age 67±13 years, 58% women), the proportions of patients in different categories of pretreatment infarct extent were: small (ASPECTS 9–10) 52.0%, moderate (ASPECTS 7–8) 37.1%, and large (ASPECTS 0–6) 7.6%. The mean OTR was 297±95 min. At 3 months, 60.1% of the patients achieved a good outcome. For OTRs of 2–8 hours, the rates of good outcomes at all time points were higher with higher baseline ASPECTS but declined with similar steepness. Both baseline ASPECTS (OR 1.23 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.45)) and OTR (every 30 min delay, OR 0.80 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.88)) were independently associated with a good 3-month outcome. No interaction between OTR and baseline ASPECTS was observed.ConclusionsAlthough patients with higher baseline ASPECTS are more likely to have good clinical outcomes at all OTR intervals after 2 hours, this benefit consistently declines with time, even in patients with a small infarct core, reinforcing the need to treat all patients as quickly as possible.
Long-term implementation of a prehospital severity scale for EMS triage of acute stroke: a real-world experience
Authors: Jumaa Mouhammad A , Castonguay Alicia C , Salahuddin Hisham , Shawver Julie , Saju Linda , Burgess Richard , Kung Vieh , Slawski Diana E , Tietjen Gretchen , Lindstrom David , Parquette Brent , Korsnack Andrea , Cole Kimberly , Afreen Ehad , Bafna Kunaal , Zaidi Syed F 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundData on the implementation of prehospital large vessel occlusion (LVO) scales to identify and triage patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in the field are limited, with the majority of studies occurring outside the USA.ObjectiveTo report our long-term experience of a US countywide emergency medical services (EMS) acute stroke triage protocol using the Rapid Arterial oCclusion Evaluation (RACE) score.MethodsOur prospective database was used to identify all consecutive patients triaged within Lucas County, Ohio by the EMS with (1) a RACE score ≥5, taken directly to an endovascular capable center (ECC) as RACE-alerts (RA) and (2) a RACE score <5, taken to the nearest hospital as stroke-alerts (SA). Baseline demographics, RACE score, time metrics, final diagnosis, treatments, and clinical and angiographic outcomes were captured. The sensitivity and specificity for patients with a RACE score ≥5 with LVO, eligible for mechanical thrombectomy (MT), were calculated.ResultsBetween July 2015 and June 2018, 492 RA and 1147 SA were triaged within our five-hospital network. Of the RA, 37% had AIS secondary to LVOs. Of the 492 RA and 1147 SA, 125 (25.4%) and 38 (3.3%), respectively, underwent MT (OR=9.9; 95% CI 6.8 to 14.6; p<0.0001). Median times from onset-to-ECC arrival (74 vs 167 min, p=0.03) and dispatch-to-ECC arrival (31 vs 46 min, p=0.0002) were shorter in the RA-MT than in the SA-MT cohort. A RACE cut-off point ≥5 showed a sensitivity and specificity of 0.77 and 0.75 for detection of patients with LVO eligible for MT, respectively.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated the long-term feasibility of a countywide EMS-based prehospital triage protocol using the RACE Scale within our hospital network.