bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Elimination of Labelled Fibrinogen in Galactosamine-Induced Experimental Hepatitis in Rabbits
Authors: Mahn I. , Reuter C. , Merkel H. , Müller-Berghaus G. 
Published: June 2019

The intravenous injection of D-galactosamine-HCl into animals induces a liver disease resembling virus hepatitis in man in its histological and clinico-phatological features. In a previous study disseminated intravascular coagulation was demonstrated by tracing fibrin-rich microdots in the renal glomerular capillaries, especially if the fibrinolytic system was inhibited by EACA (Thromb. Res. 1, 473, 1972). In order to differentiate between disturbance of synthesis and disseminated intravascular coagulation, investigations with 125I-fibrinogen were performed in rabbits treated with D-galactosamine (1 g/kg) and EACA (0.5 g/kg xhr). In rabbits infused with galactosamine and EACA the elimination of 125I-fibrinogen was increased in comparison to the control animals treated with EACA or isotonic saline only. If heparin (750 u/kg × hr) was infused additionally to galactosamine and EACA, the accelerated decay of labelled fibrinogen was prevented. The occurrence of 125I-activity in organs was pronounced in animals exhibiting microdot formation. These experiments indicate that due to a diminished synthesis of coagulation factors in this model of hepatitis disseminated intravascular coagulation may contribute to the coagulation defect.(Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bad Godesberg, Germany.)
Thromboplastic Effects ot Human Plasma Lipoproteins
Authors: Andersson L.-O. , Sandberg H. 
Published: June 2019

Lipoprotein fractions from human plasma was prepared by ultracentrifugal flotation. Additions of those fractions to plasma containing various amounts of platelets showed that in platelet-poor and platelet-free plasma there was a clear clot-promoting effect of the additions. In platelet-rich plasma, this effect was negligible. Measurements on the thrombo-plastine and Stypven clotting times showed that the high density lipoprotein fraction affected both the prothrombin and the Factor X activation steps whereas the low density lipoproteins only influenced the prothrombin activation step. Addition of antibodies against high density lipoproteins to platelet-free plasma caused a prolongation of the thromboplastin time.The relation between lipoprotein structure, phospholipid content and thromboplastic effects is dicussed.
Different Types of von Wiilebrand’s Disease (vWd): A Study of 101 Cases
Authors: Barbui T. , Baudo F. , Capitanio A. , Ciavarella N. , Mannucci P. M. , Mariani G. , Pareti F. I. , Ruggeri Z. M. 
Published: June 2019

The following tests have been carried out in 101 patients with vWd: bleeding time (BT), ristocetin aggregation in PRP (RA), platelet retention to glass bead columns (PR), antihemophilic factor (VIIIAHF). factor-VIII antigen (VIIAGN) and Willebrand factor (VIIIVWF. measured with a washed platelet system), 86 patients had a clinical form of the disease of moderate severity and autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. In 59 of them VIIIAHF. VIIIAGN and VIIIVWF were concomitantly reduced, PR was usually low and BT moderately prolonged (type I vWd). These patients could be further divided into three subtypes according to the behaviour of RA, which was normal in type la, decreased in type lb and increased in type lc. Typo I vWd is thought to represent an example of decreased synthesis of factor VIII, as suggested by the concomitant decreased of the three factor-VIII related properties. Since RA was found to be either decreased, normal or increased in presence of reduced plasma levels of VTIIVWF. the latter cannot bes solely responsible of the extent of RA in PRP, which may be also related to the variations of a platelet component.27 patients showed very prolonged BT, low PR and absent or markedly rudeced RA: VIIIVWF was much lower than VIIIAHF and VIIIAGN. 15 patients had no family history, a severe clinical form of the disease, unmeasurable levels of VIIIAHF, VIIIAGN and VIIIVWF and markedly abnormal BT, PR and RA. In the majority of their unaffected parents, VIIIVWF and VIIIAGN were much lower than VIIIAHF These patients are similar to the case of recessive vWd described by Veltkamp and Tilbury (N. Engl. J. Med. 289.. 882, 1973).Supported by a grant of the Fondazione Angelo Bianchi Bonomi.
The Detection of Deep Venous Thrombosis Using Labelled Urokinase
Authors: Millar W. T. , Smith J. F. B. 
Published: June 2019

The use of 125I-labelled fibrinogen in the detection of venous thrombosis in the lower limbs is well established. However, the technique is limited in applicability since only actively forming thrombi may be detected efficiently.Urokinase, a fibrinolytic enzyme, has been labelled with 99mTc and found to be suitable for the detection and localisation of venous thrombi. Iodinated urokinase has also been investigated. The use of 99mTc-labelled urokinase allows the lower limbs and the pelvis to be scanned using either a rectilinear scanner or a gamma camera, whereas with iodinated urokinase thohand monitor method used in the fibrinogen technique is used. The fibrinolytic activity of the labelled urokinase was evaluated using the fibrin plate technique in order to verify that the urokinase was not denatured in the labelling process. In the series of patients studied, venography was undertaken when possible for comparison with the urokinase scan.The time between the onset of clinical symptoms and urokinase scanning ranged from two days to several months suggesting that both active and formed thrombi may be detected. In order to exclude non-specific uptake by the thrombi, several patients with unilateral calf thrombosis were scanned with 99mTc-labelled human serum albumen.The labelled urokinase was injected intravenously and scanning initiated after 15 minutes in order to allow the circulating blood level to stabilise.
Fibrino-peptide a Liberation Compared with Simultaneous Changes in other Coagulation Parameters, Fibrinolytic and Complement Responses after Allergen Provoked Cutaneous Vasculitis Attacks in Man
Authors: Theorell H. , Kockum C. 
Published: June 2019

In cutaneous allergic vasculitis several hours pass between allergen exposure and development of clinical symptoms. Two patients with etiological allergy against food and inhalation allergens were examined. Serum complement levels, FDP, fibrinopeptide A, Normotest, Trombotest, platelets and other coagulation parameters have been followed during the first 24 hours after provocation with allergen.Case 1 is a 32 year old woman with Gougerot type of vasculitis, Erythema Nodosum and hematoma tendency, A probably IgG-mediated allergy against milk with evidence of immune complex in milk test site is found. Ingestion of milk causes rapid transient fibrinolysis and fibrinopeptide A liberation within 3 hours, arthralgia and purpura. Intradermal grass pollen tests cause hypersensitivity reactions of type I and II/III, scrum complement fluctuations, fibrinolysis and factor VII consumption.Case 2, a 43 year old male, has Zeek’s necrotizing angiitis and significant 3–24 hours intradermal reactions to bacteria, foods, pollens, and danders. Repeated inhalation with sheep-wool and also sneezing of birch pollen reproduce vasculitis with proceeding scrum complement (C3) reduction and fibrinopeptide A liberation in absence of fibrinolysis.Elimination of allergens improves the clinical condition in both cases. In the latent period before symptoms, fibrinopeptide A appears to be the most sensitive indicator of allergen induced intravascular coagulation in vasculitis.
Reactivity of Fibrinogen Acceptor Crosslinking Sites in the Absence of Thrombin
Authors: Seelich T. , Furlan M. , Beck E. A. 
Published: June 2019

The interaction of thrombin-free, solid-phase preactivated factor XIII with fibrinogen was followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Effects of increased ionic strength, protamine sulfate, or urea were evaluated both in the presence or absence of monodansyleadaverine.Our results suggest that high ionic strength in the absence of thrombin alters fibrinogen conformation in such a way as to render its crosslinking acceptor sites accessible to the action of F XIIIa,
The Sulphite Precipitation Method for Fibrinogen Measurement in Small Samples in the Presence of FDP’s
Authors: Rampling M. W. , Gaffney P. J. 
Published: June 2019

A technique based on precipitation by sodium sulphite (Na2SO3) has been developed for measuring fibrinogen concentrations of small (100 μl) samples. Results obtained with this technique on fibrinogen solutions and on plasma samples are accurate to 10% and are not significantly different from those produced by the commonlyused thrombin-clotting method. Furthermore, sulphite precipitation offers considerable technical advantages over the clotting method, especially for measurement of dilute fibrinogen solutions.The effects of the presence of FDP’s on the two methods were investigated. Sulphite was found to precipitate fragments X and Y in conjunction with fibrinogen but not D or E; thrombin, by contrast, clotted fragment X incompletely but did not clot Y, D or E. Neither technique was very sensitive to the presence of FDP’s in plasma, only when levels of fragments X and Y reached 10 to 15% of the fibrinogen did they have a significant effect, such levels rarely being reached in clinical specimens. However, in these circumstances the difficulty of assessing the stoichiometric interactions of X, Y and fibrinogen in the thrombin measurement suggest the sulphite method as a useful alternative.
Pharmacological Control of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) by Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Thrombin Inhibitors
Authors: Markwardt F. 
Published: June 2019

In experimental animals, endotoxin- and thrombin-induced changes in the clotting system and morphological alterations corresponding to that of the pathologic phenomenon of DIC were studied. Simultaneously, oxygen consumption, elasticity and water content of the lung were measured. The mentioned alterations and functional disturbances of the respiratory system could be prevented by inhibition of the clotting enzyme by injection of hirudin or 4-amidinophenyl pyruvic acid (APPA).Based on the pharmacological investigations, clinical trials with the synthetic inhibitor were performed mainly in patients suffering from chronic DIC. Under’ the treatment with APPA normalization of the fibrinogen level and platelet count as well as the disappearance of fibrin monomer complexes and degradation products were observed.
Long Term Therapy of Patients Suffering from Occlusive Arterial Diseases with Combined Therapy with Phenformin and Stanozolol
Authors: Bielawiec M. , Perzanowshi A. , Myśliwiec M. 
Published: June 2019

Phenformin (Dibotin-Winthrop) 100 mg daily and Stanozolol (Stromba-Winthrop) 7,5 mg daily were given for at least half a year and longer periods to 75 patients suffering from coronary heart disease and obliterative arteriosclerosis of the lower limbs. Clinical improvement was observed in above 80% of the patients. Statisticaly significant increase of fibrinolytic activity and decrease of platelet function, fibrinogen, cholesterol, lipids, and beta-lipoproteins levels as well as platelet — leucocyte aggregates number in blood during the therapy were found. Readministration of phenformin and stanozolol after some time of cessation of the herapy caused the similar effects.The results of our investigations show that combined therapy with phenformin and stanozolol may be of value in prophylaxis and treatment of thrombotic conditions and occlusive arterial diseases.
Isolation and Characterisation of Platelet “Tubulin”, a Sub-Unit Protein of the Microtubules
Authors: Crawford N. , Castle A. G. 
Published: June 2019

From studies with whole platelets using microtubule binding agents such as colchicine and vinblastine, it appears that the microtubule have a cytoskeletal function and may be involved in shape changes, intracellular transport and other forms of cell motile activity.A microtubule subunit protein, “tubulin”, has been isolated from pig platelets and shown to have properties similar to tubulins from cilia, flagella and mammalian brains. The protein binds SH-colchicine, has a sedimentation constant as the dimer of about 6 S and the monomer (MW±55,000) coelectrophoreses with rat, rabbit and guineapig brain tubulins, running in acrylamide gels as a closely spaced doublet similar to the α and β components of brain tubulin. Some higher molecular weight presumptive dyrnein components are also present. The polymer formed during a temperature dependent “in vitri.)” assembly procedure has been studied by electron microscopy. Long linear aggregates with side to side association can be seen, resembling the microtubule subfilamentous structures seen in whole platelet preparations.
Comparative Studies on Factor XIII in Plasma of Various Animal Species
Authors: Lopaciuk S. , McDonagh B. P. , McDonagh Jan 
Published: June 2019

Factor XIII was assayed by the monodansylcadaverine incorporation method in platelet/thrombocyte-poor plasma of 14 species. In all plasmas activity was generated by thrombin. In horse, cat, goat, sheep, pig, rat, chicken, goose, and turkey values ranged from 55% to 120% of that found in human plasma. For rabbit, dog, guinea pig, and ox the values were 178%, 225%, 326%, and 471% respectively. Factor XIII activity was not correlated with fibrinogen concentration. The latter ranged from 1.37 to 4.44 mg/ml (mean: 3.31 ±0.82 mg/ml). Factor XIII of all species was neutralized to varying degrees by two human antibodies to factor XIII and, except for rabbit and the avian plasmas, by commercial rabbit antiserum to subunit A. No neutralization occurred with rabbit antiserum to subunit S, although in immunodiffusion studies a precipitin line was formed between this antiserum and plasmas of all species except rabbit and avian. Factor XIII was further characterized by gel filtration. For each species the elution properties were similar to that of human plasma factor XIII. These results indicate that there are both similarities and differences in the immunological and structural characteristics of plasms factor XIII in these mammalian and avian species.(Supported by Grant HL 14228 from the National Institutes of Health, U.S.A.)
The Uptake and Metabolism of Adenosine in Human Blood Platelets
Authors: Lips J. P. M. , Sixma J. J. , Trieschnigg A. M. C. , Holmsen H. 
Published: June 2019

Adenosine is taken up tino intact washed human blood platelets by two independent carrier-mediated processes. The ‘low Km system’ has a Km of 9 uM, a V of 792 pMol/min/109, is energy dependent and has a Q10 of 1.71. This system is competitively inhibited by papaverine and dipyridamol. The high Km system has a Km of 9.4 mM, as V of 106 nMol/min/109 is also energy dependent and has a Q10 of 1.31. This system is competitively inhibited by adenine, that has a very high affinity (K1 = 5,8 uM).Evidence is presented that the low Km system transports adenosine in such a way, that it is directly incorporated into nucleotides. Adenosine transported by way of the high Km system arrives unchanged inside the platelets. At low concentrations all this adenosine is deaminated. At higher concentrations (5 mM) part of it is converted into adenine nucleotides and part of it is present in an unchanged form. Only a relatively small part is deaminated at high adenosine concentrations.The high Km system is inhibited by purines. The low Km system is only inhibited by purine ribosides. The presence of a double uptake mechanism and metabolic pathway has direct bearing on experiments that have been effected about the relation between adenosine transport and inhibition of ADP aggregation.
Mathematical Study of the Blood Coagulation Phenomenon
Authors: Pieptea R. , Pieptea D. , Pieptea M. 
Published: June 2019

Mathematical analysis of the coagulation process by means of thrombodynamogram made it possible to establish some new and important graphical elements (2) and the analytical expressions (1) of this phenomenon (F[x]):where a = quantic coagulation parameter (a ≃ ym); λ = coagulation rhythm parameter

= thrombodynamic center (inflection point of the curve);

= arbitrary point on the descending slope. Correct identification and interpretation of these elements raises the expressivity of the thrombodynamogram for evaluating coagulation phenomena.
An Experimental Model for the Study of Venous Thrombosis in Vivo
Authors: Day T. K. , Glark K. G. A. , Kakkar V. V. 
Published: June 2019

The lack of a satisfactory in vivo experimental model has probably been responsible for the delay in the clinical application of recent advances in in vitro research on thrombosis. This paper describes a model in which thrombosis is initiated by an electrical stimulus. The thrombus produced has the histological and biochemical features of human deep vein thrombosis (DVT).The minimum stimulus necessary to induce thrombosis was first determined by passing a fixed current for timed intervals along the femoral veins of 10 rabbits. Thrombi were seen 24 hours later if the total charge passed exceeded a threshold value of 25 millicoulombes. With this small current, no endothelial changes were visible immediately after the passage of the charge on light or scanning electron microscopy. At 24 hours a mural thrombus formed, which had fully cross-linked fibrin and histological features resembling human DVT.In the second series of experiments, the sequence of changes occurring in thrombus production was investigated in 3 groups of 18 rabbits each. After passage of the critical charge along the femoral vein in each animal, veins were removed at fixed intervals, the contralateral vein acting as a control. The veins were examined by scanning electron-microscopy (Group I), transmission electron-microscopy (Group II) and light microscopy (Group III), The earliest changes were detectable at 5 minutes and consisted of the laying down of an organised structure of criss-crossing fibrin strands with small platelet clumps at fibrin intersections. Later the fibrin structure spread towards the lumen; platelet clumps fused and a coralline thrombus was formed by 24 hours. The significance of these changes will be discussed.
Fibrinogen, Platelet and Red Cell Kinetics in Mice Bearing an Experimental Tumor
Authors: Poggi A. , Polentarutti N. , Donati M. B. , Gaetano G. de , Garattini S. 
Published: June 2019

In view of the possible role of platelets and coagulation mechanisms in the growth and dissemination of solid tumors, a number of haematological parameters have been followed during development of an experimental syngeneic tumor in mice (Lewis Lung Carcinoma, 3LL). This tumor, when transplanted intramuscularly in C57,B1/6 mice, grows locally and gives spontaneous metastases to the lungs. The transplanted animals survive for about 4 weeks. Metastases are visible since the third week. A slight but constant increase in plasma fibrinogen level and a marked thrombocytopenia were observed starting during the second week after tumor implantation. No other significant changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters were found. Moreover, the animals developed a marked haemolytic anaemia, possibly microangiopathic in origin. 125I-fibrinogen survival was decreased of about 20% during the second week after tumor implantation and was not further reduced later on. Fibrinogen turnover was accelerated since the second week and was further increased thereafter, being more than doubled at the end of the third week. Labelled fibrinogen accumulated in the primary tumor and in the lungs; its rats of disappearance from the tumor was much slower than from lungs or blood. These data suggest the occurrence of a low-grade, localized fibrinogen consumption (intravascular coagulation ?). 51Cr-platelet survival was not modified throughout the observation period, whereas platelet turnover was markedly reduced since the end of the second week, suggesting a defective platelet production. 51Cr-red cell survival was drastically reduced to about 30% of controls starting from the second week, whereas labelled red cell turnover was almost doubled. The pathogenetic relevance of the observed modifications in the processes of grwoth and dissemination of 3 LL remains to be established.(Supported by Grant NIH-PHRB-IRO1 CA 12764–01.
Hemophilia B in A Girl with Deletion of a Short Arm of One X-Chromosome
Authors: Spinelli A. , Sohmid W. , Straub P. W. 
Published: June 2019

12 females with hemophilia B have been reported. One had a 45 XO-Turner syndrome, one an XX-XO mosaicism. We report the first case with deletion of a short arm of one X-chromosome.The 1-yr. girl was referred because of spontaneous hematomas and bruising. Durning observation a lingual hemorrhage could be stopped only with factor IX, Clinical findings were normal, development corresponding to the age. Factor IX repeatedly was < 1%, PTT 81 sec (n. 40–55), the recalcification time 375 sec (n. 80–120). Other findings were normal, including factors VIII, XI, XII. Parents, 2 siblings and 8 family members of the mother were also normal.Chromosomal analysis: deletion of one short arm of one X-chromosome. Deletion being known to suppress the activity of the entire affected chromosome, the functional result is that of the XO-Turner syndrome. The morphologically normal X-chromosome must have the hemophilia abnormality. The possibilities that the mother is a carrier or that a new mutation occurred, could not be excluded. The possibility that the father is hemophilic, would imply that the examined father is not the child’s father and has yet to be explored.
Coagulability of Blood and Fibrinolysis Related to Age and Lipids
Authors: Matsuda T. 
Published: June 2019

Levels of factor VIII, factor VII-X, factor X, factor V, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, euglobulin lysis times, plasminogen, α2-macroglobulin, α1-antitrypsin and FDP were determined in 487 healthy normal subjects from age 20 to 94. In subjects over age 60, serum lipids were determined simultaneously.In the subjects over age 60, levels of factor VIII, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, α2-maeroglobulin, α1-antitrypsin and FDP were higher, factor V activity was lower, and euglobulin lysis times were shorter than in subjects under age 50. In the older subjects, levels of factor VII-X, factor X fibrinogen, antithrombin III, plasminogen and FDP showed slight but progressive decline with age. In these subjects over age 60, serum cholesterol levels were significantly correlated with levels of factor VII-X, factor X, antithrombin III, plasminogen and FDP; antithrombin III concentration was significantly correlated with factor X activity but not with factor VII-X activity; euglobulin lysis times were correlated with obesity.
Platelet Kinetics in Healthy Asplenic Men
Authors: Kutti J. , Safai-Kutti S. 
Published: June 2019

Using autologous platelets labelled in vitro with radioactive sodium Chromate duplicate platelet survival studies were carried out in six healthy asplenic men. At the first experiment plasma, and at the second a Ringer-citrate-dextrose (RCD) solution was employed as incubation medium.The uptake of Chromate by the platelets was about 2.5 times higher at the RCD- as compared to the plasma experiments. An identical pattern for the immediate behaviour of infused labelled platelets was observed at the duplicate studies, and the recovery of platelet-bound radioactivity remained stable at the 90%-level during two post-infusional hours. At these experiments the means for platelet mean life span (MLS) were identical, 7.2±0.5 and 7.2±0.4 days, respectively. These values slightly, but not significantly, exceeded the mean platelet MLS for a control group consisting of ten young healthy males (6.9±0.4 days). The means for platelet production rate (P) at the duplicate studies made on the asplenic subjects were 19 ±2 × 1010 and 21 ±2 × 1010 platelets per day, respectively, and did not differ from the mean for P obtained in the control group (22 ±2 × 1010).