bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The circular nature of recurrent life cycle events: a test comparing tropical and temperate phenology
Authors: Staggemeier Vanessa Graziele , Camargo Maria Gabriela Gutierrez , Diniz‐Filho José Alexandre Felizola , Freckleton Robert , Jardim Lucas , Morellato Leonor Patrícia Cerdeira 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

The high diversity of plant species in the tropics has revealed complex phenological patterns and reproductive strategies occurring throughout the year. Describing and analysing tropical plant phenology, and detecting triggers, demands to consider the circular nature of recurrent life cycle events and the use of appropriated statistical metrics.

Here, we explore analytical pitfalls potentially affecting results of studies that do not consider the circular nature of phenology data when comparing resting and non‐resting systems, especially when accounting for phylogeny. We discuss definitions of the widely used first flowering date and revisit the literature on phylogenetic signal in plant phenology. We compare statistical analyses for tropical and temperate phenology by simulating communities with known phenological and phylogenetic structures.

We demonstrate that ignoring the circular nature of phenological data underestimates the phylogenetic signal in plant phenology. Using the proposed circular transformation for non‐resting tropical ecosystems and resting temperate systems prevented errors, yielding precise comparisons.

Synthesis. The analysis of both non‐resting and resting systems must consider the circularity of phenological events. Circular statistics is the appropriate approach to calculate phenological parameters, identify phylogenetic signal and assess drivers, allowing accurate cross‐comparisons of phenology across environments at large spatial scales.
The Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus Clarkii (the Louisiana Crayfish) as a Particular Scavenger on a Human Corpse
Authors: Pascali Jennifer P. , Viel Guido , Cecchetto Giovanni , Pigaiani Nicola , Vanin Stefano , Montisci Massimo , Fais Paolo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn 85‐year‐old man was found deceased floating in an irrigation ditch 18 days after his disappearance. During crime scene investigation, specimens of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii were found in proximity of the body. The feeding activity of these nonendemic crayfishes contributed to the formation of specific injuries on the body and in the production of a large substance defects inside the corpse. The aim of this paper was to illustrate the scavenging activity of P. clarkii on a human body and highlight the potential postmortem artefacts caused by this species. This is the first report on a real case of postmortem injuries produced by P. clarkii crayfishes on a submerged human body. So far, crustaceans are not considered useful for the estimation of the minimum postmortem interval. However, the important modifications on the corpses deriving from the activity of these animals should be kept in consideration.
Impact of a ketamine sedation protocol on intubation rates and undesirable outcomes in the transport of patients with acute behavioural disturbance
Authors: Shahtahmasebi Roxanne , Johnson Rich , Shahtahmasebi Said 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the effects of the introduction of a ketamine sedation protocol on the rates of intubation and adverse events associated with retrieval of patients with acute behavioural disturbance. Transport of patients with acute behavioural disturbance poses clinical and logistical management difficulties, as well as risks. Remote Australian communities are separated by vast distances. Risks to aircraft and crew, and patient and community must be balanced. Ketamine has received increasing attention in recent years for pre‐hospital sedation of behaviourally disturbed patients, predominantly with psychiatric illness. This paper explores the benefits and suitability of ketamine in undifferentiated presentations, using data from the retrieval service in Alice Springs, Australia.MethodsA pre‐ and post‐intervention study was carried out. The intervention was the introduction of a ketamine sedation protocol. Pre‐intervention data was collected retrospectively, pre‐2015 and post‐intervention data prospectively from 2015 onwards. Prospective data, rather than only including confirmed psychiatric cases as in previously published series, will provide a powerful message for pre‐hospital and retrieval practice. Group variables were created to compare the incidence of adverse events.ResultsThe introduction of a ketamine protocol significantly reduced rates of intubation. The incidence of adverse events was strongly associated with the method of sedation (P = 0.000, confidence interval −0.56, −0.22), with significantly lower rates with ketamine (P < 0.0001).ConclusionThe introduction of a ketamine protocol is associated with a decrease in intubation, and accordingly, a decrease in adverse events, though it is not without its risks. Further analysis is required to establish the likely cost saving to health systems.
Establishing arthropod community composition using metabarcoding: Surprising inconsistencies between soil samples and preservative ethanol and homogenate from Malaise trap catches
Authors: Marquina Daniel , Esparza‐Salas Rodrigo , Roslin Tomas , Ronquist Fredrik 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDNA metabarcoding allows the analysis of insect communities faster and more efficiently than ever before. However, metabarcoding can be conducted through several approaches, and the consistency of results across methods has rarely been studied. We compare the results obtained by DNA metabarcoding of the same communities using two different markers – COI and 16S – and three different sampling methods: (a) homogenized Malaise trap samples (homogenate), (b) preservative ethanol from the same samples, and (c) soil samples. Our results indicate that COI and 16S offer partly complementary information on Malaise trap samples, with each marker detecting a significant number of species not detected by the other. Different sampling methods offer highly divergent estimates of community composition. The community recovered from preservative ethanol of Malaise trap samples is significantly different from that recovered from homogenate. Small and weakly sclerotized insects tend to be overrepresented in ethanol while strong and large taxa are overrepresented in homogenate. For soil samples, highly degenerate COI primers pick up large amounts of nontarget DNA and only 16S provides adequate analyses of insect diversity. However, even with 16S, very little overlap in molecular operational taxonomic unit (MOTU) content was found between the trap and the soil samples. Our results demonstrate that none of the tested sampling approaches is satisfactory on its own. For instance, DNA extraction from preservative ethanol is not a valid replacement for destructive bulk extraction but a complement. In future metabarcoding studies, both should ideally be used together to achieve comprehensive representation of the target community.
The New War Thesis and Clausewitz: A Reconciliation
Authors: Banta Benjamin R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMary Kaldor's work constitutes an exceptionally sustained, cohesive, and also broadly aimed argument for often radical – and generally cosmopolitan – changes to state's approaches to security. Informing the project's various proposals is a theoretical foundation derived from earlier work on ‘new war’. This ‘new war thesis’ holds that the nature of war has changed from involving a Clausewitzian logic of extremes to one of ‘persistence and spread’. This thesis is presented as an ideal type that should inform scholarship and policy. The essay finds fault with the way this foundation is constructed, in particular its rejection of Clausewitz. Rather than reject the new war thesis, though, the essay shows that a reconciliation between it and the Clausewitzian theory of war is not only possible, but results in more cogent arguments for the policy proposals Kaldor contends are the real test of the theoretical underpinning of her project.
Stopping cannabis use benefits outcome in psychosis: findings from 10‐year follow‐up study in the PAFIP‐cohort
Authors: Setién‐Suero E. , Neergaard K. , Ortiz‐García de la Foz V. , Suárez‐Pinilla P. , Martínez‐García O. , Crespo‐Facorro B. , Ayesa‐Arriola R. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the long‐term (up to 10 years) patterns related to cannabis use in a sample of patients with first episode of psychosis (FEP) and the effect that consumption might have on clinical, functioning, and neurocognition at long‐term.MethodsCannabis use was described in 209 FEP patients. Patients were divided into three groups according to cannabis use: persistent users, ex‐users, and never‐users. Groups were longitudinally (baseline and 10‐year follow‐up) compared on clinical, functional, and cognitive variables.ResultsClinical differences at 10‐year follow‐up were observed between persistent cannabis users and the other two groups (ex‐users and never‐users), showing persistent users more severe symptoms (BPRS: x2 = 15.583, P ≤ 0.001; SAPS: x2 = 12.386, P = 0.002) and poorer functionality (DAS: x2 = 6.067, P = 0.048; GAF: x2 = 6.635, P = 0.033). Patients who stopped cannabis use prior to the reassessment showed a similar pattern to those who had never consumed.ConclusionThe use of cannabis could negatively affect the evolution of the psychotic disorder. Perhaps the negative effects caused by cannabis use could be reversed with the cessation of consumption. It is necessary to make an effort in the intervention toward an early withdrawal from the use of cannabis, since this could play an important role in the prognosis of the disease.
Cold temperature/Biodur®/S10/von Hagens'—Silicone plastination technique
Authors: Henry Robert W. , von Hagens Gunther , Seamans Gary 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPlastination is a late 20th century preservation methodology which replaces tissue fluid within a specimen with a curable polymer, such as silicone. Plastination yields superb, beautiful, well‐preserved specimens each with their own unique qualities. Silicone polymer is used around the world to preserve macroscopic cadavers or portions/organs thereof. Plastination was conceived by Dr. Gunther von Hagens, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany prior to 1977. Silicone polymer was the primary polymer which emerged initially for plastination. The Biodur®line of silicone polymer and additives was chosen and manufactured because it has consistently produced the best plastinates since the inception of plastination. Since the discovery of silicone, generic and similar silicone polymers are known and used around the World by many industries and used in numerous products. The plastination process has four steps: Specimen preparation, Specimen dehydration and degreasing, Vacuum‐forced impregnation of specimens and Specimen hardening.
The MIC‐KEY button vesicostomy: a superior alternative for suprapubic drainage?
Authors: Chong James J.Y. , Seth Jai , Hazell Elaine , Nugent Winnie , Malde Sachin , Taylor Claire , Sahai Arun , Olsburgh Jonathon 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the MIC‐KEY button vesicostomy as an alternative to indwelling suprapubic catheters (SPCs) for bladder drainage in adults.Patients and MethodsPhase II pilot study prospectively evaluating patients with indwelling SPCs that were converted to MIC‐KEY buttons, or cystoscopic‐guided de novo insertion, between November 2014 and February 2019. In all, 15 patients (14 female, one male) had indwelling SPCs that had conversion or attempted conversion to MIC‐KEY button, and one (male) had a cystoscopic‐guided de novo insertion with a history of previous suprapubic catheterisation. The mean (range) age was 44.2 (13–73) years. Catheter‐related quality‐of‐life (C‐IQoL) questionnaire data were collected at baseline and 3 months.ResultsTwo patients had attempted conversion but were abandoned perioperatively due to sizing issues and insertion difficulties, respectively. Three patients were subsequently converted back to a SPC; due to button sizing (18 days), leaking (3 months), and recurrent infection (13 months). The remaining 11 patients have remained well with continued drainage via the MIC‐KEY button; mean (range) duration since conversion was 34.2 (5–105) months. The C‐IQoL score improved 3 months after insertion, from 50.0 to 75.4. Changes were performed dependent on patient's personalised management, typically every 3 months, under local or general anaesthetic.ConclusionThe MIC‐KEY button is a safe alternative to SPC drainage in adults in the short‐ to medium‐term, in a selected cohort.
Local controlled release of corticosteroids extends surgically induced joint instability by inhibiting tissue healing
Authors: Rudnik‐Jansen Imke , Tellegen Anna R. , Pouran Behdad , Schrijver Karin , Meij Björn P. , Emans Pieter J. , de Gendt Erin , Thomas Rachel E. , Kik Marja J.L. , de Visser Huub M. , Weinans Harrie , Egas Annelies , van Maarseveen Erik , Woike Nina , Mihov George , Thies Jens , Tryfonidou Marianna A. , Creemers Laura B. 
Published: August 2019

Background and PurposeCorticosteroids are intra‐articularly injected to relieve pain in joints with osteoarthritis (OA) or acute tissue damage such as ligament or tendon tears, despite its unverified contraindication in unstable joints. Biomaterial‐based sustained delivery may prolong reduction of inflammatory pain, while avoiding harmful peak drug concentrations.Experimental ApproachThe applicability of prolonged corticosteroid exposure was examined in a rat model of anterior cruciate ligament and medial meniscus transection (ACLT + pMMx) with ensuing degenerative changes.Key ResultsIntra‐articular injection of a bolus of the corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) resulted in enhanced joint instability in 50% of the joints, but neither instability‐induced OA cartilage degeneration, synovitis, nor the OA‐related bone phenotype was affected. However, biomaterial microsphere‐based extended TAA release enhanced instability in 94% of the animals and induced dystrophic calcification and exacerbation of cartilage degeneration. In healthy joints, injection with TAA releasing microspheres had no effect at all. In vitro, TAA inhibited cell migration out of joint tissue explants, suggesting inhibited tissue healing in vivo as mechanisms for enhanced instability and subsequent cartilage degeneration.Conclusions and ImplicationsWe conclude that short‐term TAA exposure has minor effects on surgically induced unstable joints, but its extended presence is detrimental by extending instability and associated joint degeneration through compromised healing. This supports a contraindication of prolonged corticosteroid exposure in tissue damage‐associated joint instability, but not of brief exposure.
Catalpol alleviates adriamycin‐induced nephropathy by activating the SIRT1 signalling pathway in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Zhang Jiangnan , Bi Ran , Meng Qiang , Wang Changyuan , Huo Xiaokui , Liu Zhihao , Wang Chong , Sun Pengyuan , Sun Huijun , Ma Xiaodong , Wu Jingjing , Liu Kexin 
Published: August 2019

Background and PurposeCatalpol, a water‐soluble active ingredient isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa, exhibits multiple pharmacological activities. However, the mechanism(s) underlying protection against renal injury by catalpol remains unknown.Experimental ApproachAdriamycin‐induced kidney injury models associated with podocyte damage were employed to investigate the nephroprotective effects of catalpol. In vivo, TUNEL and haematoxylin‐eosin staining was used to evaluate the effect of catalpol on kidney injury in mice. In vitro, effects of catalpol on podocyte damage induced by adriamycin was determined by elisa kit, flow cytometry, Hoechst 33342, and TUNEL staining. The mechanism was investigated by siRNA, EX527, and docking simulations.Key ResultsIn vivo, catalpol treatment significantly improved adriamycin‐induced kidney pathological changes and decreased the number of apoptotic cells. In vitro, catalpol markedly decreased the intracellular accumulation of adriamycin and reduced the calcium ion level in podocytes and then attenuated apoptosis. Importantly, the regulatory effects of catalpol on sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), multidrug resistance‐associated protein 2 (MRP2), and the TRPC6 channel were mostly abolished after incubation with SIRT1 siRNA or the SIRT1‐specific inhibitor EX527. Furthermore, docking simulations showed that catalpol efficiently oriented itself in the active site of SIRT1, indicating a higher total binding affinity score than that of other SIRT1 activators, such as resveratrol, SRT2104, and quercetin.Conclusion and ImplicationsTaken together, our results suggest that catalpol exhibits strong protective effects against adriamycin‐induced nephropathy by inducing SIRT1‐mediated inhibition of TRPC6 expression and enhancing MRP2 expression.
Seismic markers of the Messinian salinity crisis in the deep Ionian Basin
Authors: Camerlenghi Angelo , Del Ben Anna , Hübscher Christian , Forlin Edy , Geletti Riccardo , Brancatelli Giuseppe , Micallef Aaron , Saule Marco , Facchin Lorenzo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe conduct the seismic signal analysis on vintage and recently collected multichannel seismic reflection profiles from the Ionian Basin to characterize the deep basin Messinian evaporites. These evaporites were deposited in deep and marginal Mediterranean sedimentary basins as a consequence of the “salinity crisis” between 5.97 and 5.33 Ma, a basin‐wide oceanographic and ecological crisis whose origin remains poorly understood. The seismic markers of the Messinian evaporites in the deep Mediterranean basins can be divided in two end‐members, one of which is the typical “trilogy” of gypsum and clastics (Lower Unit – LU), halite (Mobile Unit – MU) and upper anhydrite and marl layers (Upper Unit – UU) traced in the Western Mediterranean Basins. The other end‐member is a single MU unit subdivided in seven sub‐units by clastic interlayers located in the Levant Basin. The causes of these different seismic expressions of the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC) appear to be related to a morphological separation between the two basins by the structural regional sill of the Sicily Channel. With the aid of velocity analyses and seismic imaging via prestack migration in time and depth domains, we define for the first time the seismic signature of the Messinian evaporites in the deep Ionian Basin, which differs from the known end‐members. In addition, we identify different evaporitic depositional settings suggesting a laterally discontinuous deposition. With the information gathered we quantify the volume of evaporitic deposits in the deep Ionian Basin as 500,000 km3 ± 10%. This figure allows us to speculate that the total volume of salts in the Mediterranean basin is larger than commonly assumed. Different depositional units in the Ionian Basin suggest that during the MSC it was separated from the Western Mediterranean by physical thresholds, from the Po Plain/Northern Adriatic Basin, and the Levant Basin, likely reflecting different hydrological and climatic conditions. Finally, the evidence of erosional surfaces and V‐shaped valleys at the top of the MSC unit, together with sharp evaporites pinch out on evaporite‐free pre‐Messinian structural highs, suggest an extreme Messinian Stage 3 base level draw down in the Ionian Basin. Such evidence should be carefully evaluated in the light of Messinian and post‐Messinian vertical crustal movements in the area. The results of this study demonstrates the importance of extracting from seismic data the Messinian paleotopography, the paleomorphology and the detailed stratal architecture in the in order to advance in the understanding of the deep basins Messinian depositional environments.
Infraposition of anterior maxillary implant‐supported single‐tooth restorations in adolescent and adult patients—A prospective follow‐up study up to 6 years
Authors: Nilsson Andrée , Johansson Lars‐åke , Stenport Victoria F. , Wennerberg Ann , Ekfeldt Anders 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn the maxillary incisor area infraposition of implant restorations can be an esthetic problem.PurposeThe aim was to analyze the prevalence of infraposition of single‐tooth implant restorations in the anterior maxilla in adolescent and adult patients.Material and MethodsThe study comprised of 31 patients, 18 women and 13 men, with 39 restorations and with a mean and median age of 23.8 and 18.8 years, range 17.8 to 52.8 years, at the time of implant crown connection. The mean and median time in function for the restorations was 4.5 and 4.3 years respectively with a range of 3.3 to 6.6 years.ResultsTwenty restorations 51%, showed no signs of infraposition. A slight infraposition (<0.5 mm) was seen in 36% of the restorations. Only in one patient, the observed infraposition of the implant crown was more than 1 mm. We found no significant difference of the observed level of vertical infraposition, Score A (0 mm) and Score B (<0.5 mm), in subjects where the restoration was placed before the age of 20 years compared to the older patients. There were no significant differences in changes of the vertical infraposition when comparing different parameters such as age, gender, jaw relation (Angle‐classes I‐III), overbite/overjet, occlusal contact on the implant crown, bone augmentation before or at implant installation or if orthodontic treatment of the neighboring teeth had been made before or after the implant installation.ConclusionsIn the present study, there was a significant yet low correlation between the observed vertical infraposition of the single‐tooth implant restoration and the subject's evaluation of the esthetics of the restoration (VAS). Fifty‐one percent of the implant‐supported crowns, showed no signs of vertical infraposition. A slight infraposition (< 0.5 mm) was however seen in 36% of the restorations. Only one crown showed a vertical infraposition of more than 1 mm.
Sentiment analysis as a measure of conservation culture in scientific literature
Authors: Lennox Robert J. , Veríssimo Diogo , Twardek William M. , Davis Colin R. , Jarić Ivan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCulturomics is emerging as an important field within science, as a way to measure attitudes and beliefs and their dynamics across time and space via quantitative analysis of digitized data from literature, news, film, social media, and more. Sentiment analysis is a culturomics tool that, within the last decade, has provided a means to quantify the polarity of attitudes expressed within various media. Conservation science is a crisis discipline; therefore, accurate and effective communication are paramount. We investigated how conservation scientists communicate their findings through scientific journal articles. We analyzed 15,001 abstracts from articles published from 1998 to 2017 in 6 conservation‐focused journals selected based on indexing in scientific databases. Articles were categorized by year, focal taxa, and the conservation status of the focal species. We calculated mean sentiment score for each abstract (mean adjustedzscore) based on 4 lexicons (Jockers‐Rinker, National Research Council, Bing, and AFINN). We found a significant positive annual trend in the sentiment scores of articles. We also observed a significant trend toward increasing negativity along the spectrum of conservation status categories (i.e., from least concern to extinct). There were some clear differences in the sentiments with which research on different taxa was reported, however. For example, abstracts mentioning lobe finned fishes tended to have high sentiment scores, which could be related to the rediscovery of the coelacanth driving a positive narrative. Contrastingly, abstracts mentioning elasmobranchs had low scores, possibly reflecting the negative sentiment score associated with the wordshark. Sentiment analysis has applications in science, especially as it pertains to conservation psychology, and we suggest a new science‐based lexicon be developed specifically for the field of conservation.