bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of mode strengths in channel waveguide from the complex electric field
Authors: Doughan Isaac , Halder Atri , Reduto Igor , Koivurova Matias , Aalto Timo , Roussey Matthieu , Turunen Jari 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe show that the mode strengths of a guided field in an arbitrary asymmetric channel waveguide can be uniquely determined from self-referencing interferometric measurements at the exit plane of the waveguide. This requires knowledge of both the amplitude and phase of the complex electric field distribution. Although the amplitude can be obtained from the measured intensity profile easily, the phase retrieval is usually non-trivial. We develop an innovative, alternative and promising technique, where the complex cross-spectral density (CSD) function is measured using a customized wavefront folding interferometer. We then construct the total electric field (complex valued), from which we can determine the strengths of the allowed modes for an asymmetric strip waveguide. Our retrieval algorithm also provides the phase information (intermodal dispersion) associated with each mode, directly from the measured electric field distribution. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate the developed scheme for different in-coupling (butt-coupling) conditions, resulting in different modal strength distributions.
Intestinal NUCB2/nesfatin-1 regulates hepatic glucose production via the MC4R-cAMP-GLP-1 pathway
Authors: Geng Shan , Yang Shan , Tang Xuejiao , Xue Shiyao , Li Ke , Liu Dongfang , Chen Chen , Zhu Zhiming , Zheng Hongting , Wang Yuanqiang , Yang Gangyi , Li Ling , Yang Mengliu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCommunication of gut hormones with the central nervous system is important to regulate systemic glucose homeostasis, but the precise underlying mechanism involved remain little understood. Nesfatin-1, encoded by nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2), a potent anorexigenic peptide hormone, was found to be released from the gastrointestinal tract, but its specific function in this context remains unclear. Herein, we found that gut nesfatin-1 can sense nutrients such as glucose and lipids and subsequently decreases hepatic glucose production. Nesfatin-1 infusion in the small intestine of NUCB2-knockout rats reduced hepatic glucose production via a gut – brain – liver circuit. Mechanistically, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 interacted directly with melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) through its H-F-R domain and increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion in the intestinal epithelium, thus inhibiting hepatic glucose production. The intestinal nesfatin-1 -MC4R-cAMP-GLP-1 pathway and systemic gut-brain communication are required for nesfatin-1 - mediated regulation of liver energy metabolism. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of hepatic glucose production control by gut hormones through the central nervous system.
Effects of Noise Exposure on Video Ocular Counter Roll Measurements
Authors: Tobener Elizabeth , Doettl Steven , Plyler Patrick , McCaslin Devin , Lewis James 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of noise exposure on otolith function measures of video ocular counter roll (vOCR), ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), cervical VEMP (cVEMP), and subjective visual vertical (SVV). Additionally, this study compared the vOCR results with other otolith function measures: cVEMP, oVEMP, and SVV.

Method:

This was a cross-sectional, between-group prospective study that compared otolith function tests between noise exposure groups. Thirty-three adults between the ages of 40–60 years with no middle ear pathology, history of balance disorder, neurologic pathology, systemic diseases, or receiving ototoxic medications were included in the study. Group 1 included 17 adults (34 ears) with low-risk noise exposure, and Group 2 included 16 adults (32 ears) with high-risk noise exposure. Independent samples
t
tests were used to assess group mean differences for dependent variables. The independent variable was group with two levels (low risk and high risk). The dependent variables were Noise Exposure Structured Interview (NESI) score, vOCR torsion, cVEMP amplitude, oVEMP amplitude, and SVV angle. Additional analyses were completed using Pearson correlation to evaluate the relationship of vOCR to the other otolith function tests and NESI score to the otolith function tests.

Results:
The results indicated significantly decreased vOCR torsion, cVEMP amplitude, and oVEMP amplitude in individuals with high-risk noise exposure compared with those in the low-risk group. Significant correlations were found for NESI scores as well as vOCR and oVEMP measures.

Conclusions:
This study describes the concomitant degeneration of the auditory and vestibular systems from noise exposure affecting otolith function, as measured by audiologic testing and otolith testing. vOCR appears to be sensitive to this degeneration, indicating that vOCR could be used as a vestibular screening measure for patients with noise exposure and/or suspected utricle dysfunction.
Deep learning image burst stacking to reconstruct high-resolution ground-based solar observations
Authors: Schirninger C. , Jarolim R. , Veronig A. M. , Kuckein C. 
Published: November 2024

Context. Large aperture ground-based solar telescopes allow the solar atmosphere to be resolved in unprecedented detail. However, ground-based observations are inherently limited due to Earth’s turbulent atmosphere, requiring image correction techniques.
Aims. Recent post-image reconstruction techniques are based on using information from bursts of short-exposure images. Shortcomings of such approaches are the limited success, in case of stronger atmospheric seeing conditions, and computational demand. Real-time post-image reconstruction is of high importance to enabling automatic processing pipelines and accelerating scientific research. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, we provide a deep learning approach to reconstruct an original image burst into a single high-resolution high-quality image in real time.
Methods. We present a novel deep learning tool for image burst reconstruction based on image stacking methods. Here, an image burst of 100 short-exposure observations is reconstructed to obtain a single high-resolution image. Our approach builds on unpaired image-to-image translation. We trained our neural network with seeing degraded image bursts and used speckle reconstructed observations as a reference. With the unpaired image translation, we aim to achieve a better generalization and increased robustness in case of increased image degradations.
Results. We demonstrate that our deep learning model has the ability to effectively reconstruct an image burst in real time with an average of 0.5 s of processing time while providing similar results to standard reconstruction methods. We evaluated the results on an independent test set consisting of high- and low-quality speckle reconstructions. Our method shows an improved robustness in terms of perceptual quality, especially when speckle reconstruction methods show artifacts. An evaluation with a varying number of images per burst demonstrates that our method makes efficient use of the combined image information and achieves the best reconstructions when provided with the full-image burst.
Recurring tidal disruption events a decade apart in IRAS F01004-2237
Authors: Sun Luming , Jiang Ning , Dou Liming , Shu Xinwen , Zhu Jiazheng , Dong Subo , Buckley David , Bradley Cenko S. , Fan Xiaohui , Gromadzki Mariusz , Liu Zhu , Wang Jianguo , Wang Tinggui , Wang Yibo , Wu Tao , Yang Lei , Zhang Fabao , Zhang Wenjie , Zhang Xiaer 
Published: November 2024

Context. In theory, recurring tidal disruption events (TDEs) may occur when a close stellar binary encounters a supermassive black hole, if one star is captured and undergoes repeating partial TDEs, or if both stars are tidally disrupted (double TDEs). In addition, independent TDEs may be observed over decades in some special galaxies where the TDE rate is extremely high. Exploring the diversity of recurring TDEs and probing their natures with rich observational data helps us to understand these mechanisms.
Aims. We report the discovery of a second optical flare that occurred in September 2021 in IRAS F01004-2237, where a first flare that occurred in 2010 had already been reported. We also present a detailed analysis of multi-band data. We aim to understand the nature of the flare and explore the possible causes of the recurring flares.
Methods. We describe our analysis of the position of the flare, the multi-band light curves (LCs), the optical and ultraviolet (UV) spectra, and the X-ray LC and spectra.
Results. The position of the flare coincides with the galaxy centre with a precision of 650 pc. The flare peaks in ∼50 days with an absolute magnitude of ∼ − 21 and fades in two years, roughly following L ∝ t−5/3. It maintains a nearly constant blackbody temperature of ∼22 000 K in later stages. Its optical and UV spectra show hydrogen and helium broad emission lines with full width at half maxima of 7000–21 000 km s−1 and a He II/Hα ratio of 0.3–2.3. It shows weak X-ray emission relative to UV emission, with X-ray flares lasting for < 2 − 3 weeks, during which the spectrum is soft with a power-law index of Γ = 4.4−1.3+1.4. These characters are consistent with a TDE, ruling out the possibilities of a supernova or an active galactic nucleus flare. With a TDE model, we infer a peak UV luminosity of 3.3 ± 0.2 × 1044 erg s−1 and an energy budget of 4.5 ± 0.2 × 1051 erg.
Conclusions. A TDE caused the flare that occurred in 2021. The two optical flares separated by 10.3 ± 0.3 years can be interpreted as repeating partial TDEs, double TDEs, or two independent TDEs. Although no definitive conclusion can be drawn, the partial TDEs interpretation predicts a third flare around 2033, and the independent TDEs interpretation predicts a high TDE rate of ≳10−2 yr−1 in F01004-2237, both of which can be tested by future observations.
La recherche française est-elle prête pour la sobriété ? Les enseignements d’une enquête nationale
Authors: Blanchard Marianne , Bouchet-Valat Milan , Cartron Damien , Greffion Jérôme , Gros Julien 
Published: November 2024

Dans quelle mesure une recherche sobre peut-elle advenir ? Cet article considère la propension déclarée des acteurs et actrices du monde de la recherche à réduire leurs pratiques de recherches les plus émettrices de gaz à effet de serre telles que les déplacements en avion ou l’utilisation d’équipements énergivores. Nous nous appuyons pour cela sur les résultats d’une enquête conduite en 2020 auprès de plus de 6 000 répondants. Ceux-ci montrent qu’il existe un consensus fort sur la nécessité de transformer les activités de recherche, ainsi que sur de nombreuses mesures concrètes à appliquer, pour répondre à l’urgence climatique. La sobriété semble cependant plus difficile à envisager au niveau individuel pour les activités qui concernent la collecte et la production de données, ainsi que pour les disciplines aux pratiques les plus émettrices, et les personnes occupant une position dominante dans la recherche.
Ultrasound of Groin Pain in the Athlete
Authors: Pesquer Lionel , Rennie Winston J. , Lintingre Pierre-François , Reboul Gilles , Silvestre Alain , Dallaudiere Benjamin , Meyer Philippe 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGroin pain is a common cause of disability in athletes. Imaging is crucial in a clinical diagnosis, given the multiple associated etiologies. The main sites of groin pain are the adductors, iliopsoas muscles, inguinal ring, hip joint, and pubic symphysis. Although magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard to image groin pain, ultrasound (US) offers excellent accuracy in pinpointing muscle injuries, inguinal disruption, and hernias. US requires a detailed knowledge of anatomical landmarks; imaging pitfalls, and pathologic patterns. We review the complex anatomy of the groin region, the sonographic appearance of the involved structures, and the strengths and weaknesses of US.
DHL’s Spreading COVID-19 Over the Sky? Handling Corporate Response to Misinformation with Humour
Authors: Oukropec Jindřich 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCompanies are increasingly faced with online misinformation that can damage their reputation. This article extends paracrisis research by identifying a new form of denial and explores how to refine paracrisis response strategies to better defend corporate reputation against misinformation. Using an explanatory research design and qualitative data analysis, this study introduces “denial by humour” as a distinct refutation strategy. The research outlines how this specific strategy functions within the broader context of crisis communication as one of the three types of refutation strategies. Through a detailed case study of DHL’s response to misinformation about the COVID-19 virus being spread from the sky, the paper enhances paracrisis research by identifying potentially effective communication tactics, including strategic silence, social media management, employee engagement, and crisis advertising. The article also provides managerial implications, highlighting the crucial role of stakeholders such as politicians, the media, and employees, and discusses appropriate preventive strategies such as media monitoring and the implementation of an ethical code of conduct.
Design and experimental study of a semi-active shear-mode vibration absorber using magnetorheological elastomer
Authors: Liu Qianjie , Hu Bo , Liu Wei , Li Gang , Chen Qi , Hu Guoliang 
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the design process of a magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) absorber with a shear symmetric structure based on detailed simulation and experiments. First, the MRE materials and dimensional parameters of the MRE absorber are determined, and magnetic field simulation is performed to analyze the magnetic induction performance in the working area. Then, a dynamic simulation model is constructed to analyze the frequency response characteristics of a semi-active vibration system. Finally, a vibration experimental platform is built to test the response performance of the shear-mode MRE absorber. The experimental results showed that the stiffness of the MRE absorber can be effectively adjusted by current. When the applied current changes from 0.5 to 2 A, a vibration reduction frequency band of 8.91 to 14.19 Hz will be formed. The closer the natural frequency in this frequency band is to the external excitation frequency, the better the vibration reduction effect, which verifies the effectiveness of semi-active vibration control for the primary system. These results validate the rationality and feasibility of the semi-active MRE absorber, providing a good reference for the design of MRE absorbers.
Fabrication and characterization of rubcrete-iron composite for mixed radiation shielding
Authors: Ochieng Lawrence Otieno , Hashim Nadir Omar , Kebwaro Jeremiah Monari , Andala Dickson 
Published: November 2024

Mixed radiation environments need unique shielding materials that can effectively attenuate photons and neutrons simultaneously. Most ordinary shielding materials can only shield one form of radiation effectively. In this work, a novel composite material was fabricated in our laboratories and characterized for photon and neutron shielding. Waste materials were used as partial substitutes for aggregates in concrete, which is a sustainable practice in the building industry at present. The main components of the composite material are iron filings, rubber, and concrete. Concrete samples were mixed with iron filings at varying percentages (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) and a fixed 5% crumb rubber content. The material’s photon and neutron shielding characteristics were evaluated through experimental and simulation methods. Gamma-ray attenuation measurements were experimentally carried out using a NaI(TI) spectrometer and a Cs-137 0.662 MeV energy source. In contrast, GEANT4, PHY-X/PSD, and NIST-XCOM codes were used to simulate photon and neutron cross-sections. The findings indicate that an increase in iron filings results in enhanced radiation attenuation, reflected by a higher linear attenuation coefficient (μ). The linear attenuation coefficient values range from (0.1590 ± 0.0004) to (0.2045 ± 0.0003) cm−1 for samples with no crumb rubber and from (0.1521 ± 0.0002) to (0.1920 ± 0.0004) cm−1 for samples with 5% crumb rubber. Half Value Layer (HVL) decreases with an increase in iron content and is slightly higher in samples with crumb rubber. The HVL results from simulations and measurements agree. This study optimizes the potential of concrete as a radiation-shielding material while promoting sustainable construction and environmental practices.
Universal Scaling Laws in Quantum-Probabilistic Machine Learning by Tensor Network: Toward Interpreting Representation and Generalization Powers
Authors: Bai Sheng-Chen , Ran Shi-Ju 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The interpretation of representations and generalization powers has been a long-standing challenge in the fields of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence. This study contributes to understanding the emergence of universal scaling laws in quantum-probabilistic ML. We consider the generative tensor network (GTN) in the form of a matrix-product state as an example and show that with an untrained GTN (such as a random TN state), the negative logarithmic likelihood (NLL) L generally increases linearly with the number of features M, that is, L ≃ kM + const. This is a consequence of the so-called “catastrophe of orthogonality,” which states that quantum many-body states tend to become exponentially orthogonal to each other as M increases. This study reveals that, while gaining information through training, the linear-scaling law is suppressed by a negative quadratic correction, leading to L ≃ βM – αM
2 + const. The scaling coefficients exhibit logarithmic relationships with the number of training samples and quantum channels χ. The emergence of a quadratic correction term in the NLL for the testing (training) set can be regarded as evidence of the generalization (representation) power of the GTN. Over-parameterization can be identified by the deviation in the values of α between the training and testing sets while increasing χ. We further investigate how orthogonality in the quantum-feature map relates to the satisfaction of quantum-probabilistic interpretation and the representation and generalization powers of the GTN. Unveiling universal scaling laws in quantum-probabilistic ML would be a valuable step toward establishing a white-box ML scheme interpreted within the quantum-probabilistic framework.
Ultralow-Temperature Heat Transport in Quantum Spin Liquid Candidates: A Brief Review
Authors: Li 李 Na 娜 , Zhao 赵 Xia 霞 , Sun 孙 Xue-Feng 学峰 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Heat in solids can be transported by various quasiparticles, making low-temperature heat transport a powerful tool for probing charge-neutral excitations in quantum materials. In recent years, ultralow-temperature heat transport has been instrumental in detecting exotic excitations in quantum spin liquids (QSLs). A non-zero residual thermal conductivity, κ
0/T, serves as compelling evidence for the presence of itinerant spinons and the gapless nature of a disordered state. Additionally, the thermal Hall effect (THE) in QSLs can arise from contributions by spinons or Majorana fermions. In this review, we summarize key thermal conductivity findings from various QSL candidates, focusing on the role of spinons in both heat transport and phonon scattering. We also examine different experimental observations and the underlying mechanisms of THE in QSL candidates with three-dimensional pyrochlore structures, as well as two-dimensional honeycomb and triangular lattices. This review offers valuable insights and guidance for understanding ultralow-temperature heat transport in QSLs.
New physics as a possible explanation for the Amaterasu particle
Authors: Lang Rodrigo Guedes 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Telescope Array experiment has recently reported the most energetic event detected in the hybrid technique era, with a reconstructed energy of 240 EeV, which has been named “Amaterasu” after the Shinto deity. Its origin is intriguing since no powerful enough candidate sources are located within the region consistent with its propagation horizon and arrival direction. In this work, we investigate the possibility of describing its origin in a scenario of new physics, specifically under a Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) assumption. The kinematics of UHECR propagation under a phenomenological LIV approach is investigated. The total mean free path for a particle with Amaterasu's energy increases from a few Mpc to hundreds of Mpc for -δ
had,0 > 10-22, expanding significantly the region from which it could have originated. A combined fit of the spectrum and composition data of Telescope Array under different LIV assumptions was also performed. The data is best fitted with some level of LIV both with and without Amaterasu. Robustness with data from the Pierre Auger Observatory is investigated by exploring an intermediate composition scenario. Similar improvements in the description of the data with LIV are found for that. New physics in the form of LIV could, thus, provide a plausible and robust explanation for the Amaterasu particle.
System Design for a Wide Field-of-view Near-infrared Telescope for Dome A in Antarctica
Authors: Li Zheng-Yang , Cong Jia-Nan , Wu Zhi-Xu , Jiang Peng , Chen Jia-Li , Chen Chao , Li Xiao-Yan , Pei Chong , Yao Xu , Yang Chen-Wei , Ji Tuo , Ashley Michael C. B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Dome A in Antarctica likely has the best observing conditions on the Earth’s surface in the near-infrared owing to its sky-light background and superior seeing conditions. This work introduces the system design and on-sky performance of the first wide field-of-view near-infrared telescope at Dome A. We present the lens design, tolerance analysis and stray light analysis of the optical system. We then evaluate a preliminary alignment method suitable for daytime use based on visual inspection. Finally, we describe a direct drive motor with maze structures, and an optical system with thermal compensation that is specially designed for the extreme environment in Antarctica. The on-sky performances demonstrate that this pilot near-infrared telescope not only successfully explores new technologies for extreme environments, but also presents an opportunity for 2670 hr of uninterrupted synergistic observation with the 0.5 m AST3-2 telescope at Dome A. The distinctive attributes of our design render it invaluable in many astronomical fields and holds significant promise for the monitoring of space debris and near-earth asteroids.