bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A compilation of global bio-optical in situ data for ocean-colour satellite applications – version two
Authors: Valente André , Sathyendranath Shubha , Brotas Vanda , Groom Steve , Grant Michael , Taberner Malcolm , Antoine David , Arnone Robert , Balch William M. , Barker Kathryn , Barlow Ray , Bélanger Simon , Berthon Jean-François , Beşiktepe Şükrü , Borsheim Yngve , Bracher Astrid , Brando Vittorio , Canuti Elisabetta , Chavez Francisco , Cianca Andrés , Claustre Hervé , Clementson Lesley , Crout Richard , Frouin Robert , García-Soto Carlos , Gibb Stuart W. , Gould Richard , Hooker Stanford B. , Kahru Mati , Kampel Milton , Klein Holger , Kratzer Susanne , Kudela Raphael , Ledesma Jesus , Loisel Hubert , Matrai Patricia , McKee David , Mitchell Brian G. , Moisan Tiffany , Muller-Karger Frank , O'Dowd Leonie , Ondrusek Michael , Platt Trevor , Poulton Alex J. , Repecaud Michel , Schroeder Thomas , Smyth Timothy , Smythe-Wright Denise , Sosik Heidi M. , Twardowski Michael , Vellucci Vincenzo , Voss Kenneth , Werdell Jeremy , Wernand Marcel , Wright Simon , Zibordi Giuseppe 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. A global compilation of in situ data is useful to evaluate the
quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the data
compiled for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean
Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The data were acquired from
several sources (including, inter alia, MOBY, BOUSSOLE, AERONET-OC, SeaBASS, NOMAD,
MERMAID, AMT, ICES, HOT and GeP&amp;CO) and span the period from 1997 to 2018.
Observations of the following variables were compiled: spectral
remote-sensing reflectances, concentrations of chlorophyll a, spectral
inherent optical properties, spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients and
total suspended matter. The data were from multi-project archives acquired
via open internet services or from individual projects, acquired directly
from data providers. Methodologies were implemented for homogenization,
quality control and merging of all data. No changes were made to the
original data, other than averaging of observations that were close in time
and space, elimination of some points after quality control and conversion
to a standard format. The final result is a merged table designed for
validation of satellite-derived ocean-colour products and available in text
format. Metadata of each in situ measurement (original source, cruise or
experiment, principal investigator) was propagated throughout the work and
made available in the final table. By making the metadata available,
provenance is better documented, and it is also possible to analyse each set
of data separately. This paper also describes the changes that were made to
the compilation in relation to the previous version (Valente et al., 2016).
The compiled data are available at
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.898188 (Valente et al., 2019).
Monitoring snowpack outflow volumes and their isotopic composition to better understand streamflow generation during rain-on-snow events
Authors: Rücker Andrea , Boss Stefan , Kirchner James W. , von Freyberg Jana 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Rain-on-snow (ROS) events in mountainous catchments can
cause enhanced snowmelt, leading to an increased risk of destructive winter floods. However, due
to differences in topography and forest cover, the generation of snowpack
outflow volumes and their contribution to streamflow are spatially and
temporally variable during ROS events. In order to adequately predict such
flood events with hydrological models, an enhanced process understanding of
the contribution of rainwater and snowmelt to stream water is needed. In this study, we monitored and sampled snowpack outflow with
fully automated snowmelt lysimeter systems installed at three different
elevations in a pre-Alpine catchment in central Switzerland. We measured
snowpack outflow volumes during the winters of 2017 and 2018, as well as
snowpack outflow isotopic compositions in winter 2017. Snowpack outflow
volumes were highly variable in time and space, reflecting differences in
snow accumulation and melt. In winter 2017, around 815 mm of snowpack
outflow occurred at our reference site (grassland 1220 m a.s.l. – metres above sea level), whereas snowpack outflow was 16 % less at the nearby forest site
(1185 m a.s.l.), and 62 % greater at another grassland site located
200 m higher (1420 m a.s.l.). A detailed analysis of 10 ROS events showed
that the differences in snowpack outflow volumes could be explained mainly
by rainfall volumes and initial snow depths. The isotope signals of snowpack outflow were more damped than those of
incoming rainwater at all three sites, with the most damped signal at the
highest elevation site because its snowpack was the thickest and the
residence times of liquid water in its snowpack were the longest, thus
enhancing isotopic mixing in the snowpack. The contribution of snowpack
outflow to streamflow, estimated with an isotope-based two-component
end-member mixing model, differed substantially among the three lysimeter
sites (i.e. between 7±4 and 91±21 %). Because the
vegetation in our study catchment is a mixture of grassland and forest, with
elevations ranging from 1000 to 1500 m a.s.l., our site-specific hydrograph
separation estimates can only provide a range of snowpack outflow
contributions to discharge from different parts of the study area. Thus, the
catchment-average contribution of snowpack outflow to stream discharge is
likely to lie between the end-member mixing estimates derived from the three
site-specific data sets. This information may be useful for improving
hydrological models in snow-dominated catchments.
Submarine melt as a potential trigger of the North East Greenland Ice Stream margin retreat during Marine Isotope Stage 3
Authors: Tabone Ilaria , Robinson Alexander , Alvarez-Solas Jorge , Montoya Marisa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) has been suffering a significant ice mass loss during the last decades. This is partly due to increasing oceanic temperatures in the subpolar North Atlantic, which enhance submarine basal melting and mass discharge. This demonstrates the high sensitivity of this region to oceanic changes. In addition, a recent study suggested that the NEGIS grounding line was 20–40 km behind its present-day location for 15 ka during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. This is in contrast with Greenland temperature records indicating cold atmospheric conditions at that time, expected to favour ice-sheet expansion. To explain this anomalous retreat a combination of atmospheric and external forcings has been invoked. Yet, as the ocean is found to be a primary driver of the ongoing retreat of the NEGIS glaciers, the effect of past oceanic changes in their paleo evolution cannot be ruled out and should be explored in detail. Here we investigate the sensitivity of the NEGIS to the oceanic forcing during the last glacial period using a three-dimensional hybrid ice-sheet–shelf model. We find that a sufficiently high oceanic forcing could account for a NEGIS ice-margin retreat of several tens of kilometres, potentially explaining the recently proposed NEGIS grounding-line retreat during Marine Isotope Stage 3.
Late Whitman: Critical Pasts, Critical Futures
Authors: Vander Zee Anton 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTWhitman worked on his Leaves of Grass into his final decade, excluding his last, hybrid collections of poetry and prose from the pages of Leaves proper. These works, representing his final decade of poetic productivity, were bound with the rest, but only as “annexes,” a move that captures the supplementary logic that defines Whitman's late work and governs its critical reception. When critics do not ignore Whitman's late poetry, they tend to regard it as echo or afterthought, as an increasingly conventional combination of attenuated affirmation and old-age complaint. Are these critical judgments justified? And what new stories might we be able to tell about Whitman in age? After reviewing the remarkably consistent neglect of Whitman's late work in the essay's first section, the second section documents a quiet effort at recovery that began in the mid-1970s. This recovery effort charts a course for a more nuanced and layered account of the poet's multifaceted and fittingly contradictory late work.
Magic, Matriarchs, and Manuscripts: The Alice Hoffman Papers
Authors: McDonald Brian 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
This article provides an overview of the Alice Hoffman Papers held at Adelphi University in Garden City, New York. Alice Hoffman (b. 1952) is a best-selling American novelist, short-fiction writer, children's book author, and essayist. The Hoffman Papers contain personal and literary papers including literary manuscripts, correspondence, photographs, and other materials—physical and digital—associated with the work, life, and creative process of this prolific, successful, and celebrated author. Among the materials from the collection highlighted are the extensive typescript drafts, proofs, handwritten notes, and marked-up copy of Hoffman's published and unpublished work, and material associated with the business side of being a best-selling author. The article also highlights letters in the collection written to Hoffman from longtime friend and editor Faith Sale, influential editor and critic Ted Solotaroff, fellow writers John Irving and Penelope Lively, and a substantial correspondence between Hoffman and her mentor and professor at Stanford, Albert Guerard, and his wife, the author and critic Maclin Bocock Guerard.
The Afterlife of Uncle Tom
Authors: Halpern Faye 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Uncle Tom's fall from grace took almost a century. Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) was immediately adapted into stage productions, which foregrounded Tom's humanity. But the high regard in which most people held Tom began to change in the late nineteenth century, when members of the Black audience began to see him as representative of an “Old Negro” type. The twentieth century multiplied the venues in which Tom appeared, but it also witnessed the further erosion of Tom into his present incarnation as an intraracial epithet. This is the story told by Adena Spingarn in her richly researched book, Uncle Tom: From Martyr to Traitor. Although Spingarn's book smooths out some of the interpretive lumps of Uncle Tom and Uncle Tom's Cabin, its simplifications are compensated for by the artifacts it unearths and the attention it pays to the reception of Uncle Tom by a changing Black audience.
TRENDS IN SWEDISH CONTACT LENS PRESCRIBING 2017
Authors: Johansson Oskar 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTÂ Background: The purpose was to evaluate the trends of contact lens prescribing among Swedish optometrists in 2017.Materials and Methods: A standardized survey form was distributed to Swedish optometrists using their professional organisations, optometry chains, direct email, and by hand directly. They were asked to fill out the form for the ten contact lens fits performed after receipt of the survey form. Information was collected regarding age and sex of patient, fit/refit, lens design and material, modality and solution prescribed.Results: 57 forms were returned detailing 562 fits. The mean age of the patients was 37 yrs, and 65 % were female. 83 % were fitted for full-time wear and 27 % were managed as new fits. 94.7 % were soft contact lens fits and silicone hydrogel was the dominating material.Conclusions: When compared with data from Norway and Denmark, it is evident that daily disposables are more popular in these countries (74 %), whereas in Sweden it is monthly replacements (58 %). Otherwise, the results are similar to what has been reported from other parts of the world.Â Keywords: contact lens, Sweden, prescribing trends, survey
The Simultaneity of Corporate Financial Decisions Under Different Levels of Managerial Ownership: A Case of Pakistani Listed Firms
Authors: Hidthiir Mohamad Helmi bin , Basheer Muhammad Farhan , Hassan Saira Ghulam 
Published: July 2019

Purpose- The prime objective of the current study is to investigate the interdepended of financial decision. In addition to that the impact of different level of managerial ownership on the interdepended of financial decisions is also examined agency theory, pecking order theory and the signaling theory are used as the theoretical lenses to draw the theocratical framework.Design/methodology/approach- The balance panel of 161 nonfinancial firm over the period of five years from 2013 to 2017 is used to achieve the research objectives. Polled OLS, Fixed effect and Random effect estimates are employed to answer the reach questions Findings- The managerial ownership with an average mean ownership of 39 is appeared at the top. Interestingly more than 75 percent firms are being controlled by mangers and in more than 60 percent firms of our sample the controlling managers hold more than 40 percent of shares. The Wu Hausman test is performed to determine the existence of the endogeneity problem. The results indicates that the financial decisions namely cash holding decisions, financing decisions and investment decisions has significant impact on each other. Where the managerial ownership is in nonlinear relationship with financial decisions. The results of the study are also providing support to agency theory, pecking order theory and the signaling theoryResearch implications- The study will be helpful for policymakers, researchers, corporate personals and financial institutions in understanding the interrelationship between financing decisions and the role of managerial ownership in there interdepended.Originality/value- The study is among the pioneering studies on the issue and will provide policy guideline on the said issues.
A Novel Theory for the Scattering of P-Polarized Hermite-Gaussian Electromagnetic Beams by a Double Metallic Nano-Slit
Authors: Guzman-Montano I. , Montiel-Gonzalez G. , Sumaya-Martinez J. , Rosendo-Francisco P. , Reyes-Gomez J. 
Published: July 2019

We present a rigorous theory for oblique incident Hermite-Gaussian beams, diffracted by two optical nano-slits of width l and separation d, in a thick metallic screen for the case of polarization TM (P). The far field spectra as a function of several opto-geometrical parameters, wavelength &lambda; , slit width l, separation d , incidence angle &theta;i &nbsp;and Hermite order m &nbsp;is analyzed. In the vectorial diffraction region given when &lambda; /l &gt;0.2, where l is the incident wavelength and as a function of the separation between slits d; we have numerically analyzed: the far field spectra, the energy diffracted along the incident beam direction Ei , and the validity of an approximate diffraction (scalar) property, namely Ei= Ntao/lambda .
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A APAIXONADA EXALTAÇÃO DA FIGURA DE SÓCRATES POR MEIO DO LOGOS DE ALCIBÍADES NO BANQUETE DE PLATÃO.
Authors: Silva João Raniery 
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo pretende analisar o discurso de Alcibíades no diálogo platônico Banquete, evidenciando a forma apaixonada que o discípulo exalta a figura do mestre. Partindo de sua enigmática chegada no simpósio, presença cheia de significados, procura refletir sobre o seu plano discursivo em que acorda não elogiar a um deus, como fizera os demais convivas, mas a construção discursiva de um encômio a um homem em especial, sábio e justo, personificação mesma do erotismo pedagogicamente instruído: Sócrates. Depois da celebração desse acordo que quebra o linear caminho argumentativo do discurso, busca perceber os elementos elogiosos suplantados no referido logos, que versa a respeito das capacidades físicas, morais e intelectuais de Sócrates. Com efeito, é possível encontrar um quadro significativamente importante montado por um discípulo (Alcibíades), fazendo uso até mesmo de imagens como a dos Silenos e dos sátiros Mársias, figuras camufladoras que mostram a contradição entre realidade exterior e realidade interior, com o substancial objetivo de exaltar seu admirado mestre (Sócrates) dando-lhe características atópicas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Éros. Banquete. Filosofia. Elogio. Paixão. ABSTRACT The present article will be analyzed in the speech of Alcibades in the platonic dialogue The Banquet, evidencing a passionate form that the learner exalts the figure of the máster: Socrates. Starting from its enigmatic no symposium, presence full of meanings, seeks to reflect on its discursive plan in what follows is not to praise a god, as the other guests had done, but a discursive construction of an encumbrance to a man in particular, wise and fair, personification same of pedagogically learned eroticism: Socrates. After the celebration of this agreement that breaks the linear argumentative path of discourse, seeks to perceive the complimentary elements supplanted in said logos, which deals with the physical, moral and intellectual capacities of Socrates. In fact, it is possible to find a significantly important picture mounted by a disciple (Alcibiades), making use even of images like the one of Silenos and the satyrs Mársias, camouflage figures that show the contradiction between outer reality and inner reality, with the substantial aim of extolling his admired teacher (Socrates) by giving him atopic characteristics. KEY-WORDS: Éros. Banquet. Philosophy. Praise. Passione.
AS FUNÇÕES DA RAZÃO NO DE OFFICIIS DE M. T. CICERO
Authors: D'Ambros Bruno Rodrigo 
Published: July 2019

Pretendemos extrair uma compreensão geral do significado do termo ratio na obra De officiis de M. T. Cícero e, por extensão em sua obra política em geral, a fim de termos uma noção menos estreita do que Cícero compreendia sobre a ratio e, consequentemente, sobre o significado da própria razão, sua função e sua utilidade para o bem da conduta moral individual e para o bem da re publica.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Razão. De officiis. Cícero. Filosofia romana. ABSTRACTWe intend to extract a general understanding of the meaning of the latin term ratio into the M. T. Cicero's De officiis and, by extension, in his political work in general, in order to have a less narrow notion than Cicero understood about the ratio and consequently about the meaning of reason itself, its function and its usefulness for the sake of individual moral conduct and for the good of the public.KEYWORDS: Reason. De officiis. Cicero. Roman philosophy.
O FENÔMENO RELIGIOSO EM HUME: NATURALISMO E CETICISMO
Authors: Dutra Crysman , F. D. Barbosa Cleiton , C. D. Barbosa Andreza 
Published: July 2019

Nosso artigo se divide em três partes. Na primeira vamos apresentar os problemas epistemológicos que Hume considera dignos de tratamento filosófico. A segunda parte aborda a dimensão fenomenológica das crenças religiosas, trata-se dos processos de formação de crenças religiosas. A terceira e última parte apresenta as críticas de Hume que rechaçam o argumento do desígnio, que se encontram explicitamente formuladas no Diálogo sobre as Religiões Natural[1], obra publicada postumamente.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Hume. Religião. Naturalismo. Ceticismo. ABSTRACTOur article is divided into three parts. In the first one we will present the epistemological problems that Hume considers worthy of philosophical treatment. The second part deals with the naturalistic dimension of religious beliefs, the processes of formation of religious beliefs. The third and final chapter presents Hume's skeptical criticisms, which are explicitly formulated in the Dialogue on Natural Religions, a work published posthumously.KEYWORDS: Hume. Religion. Naturalism. Skepticism.
PLATÃO E A APRENDIZAGEM DO OLHAR EM JOÃO GUIMARÃES ROSA
Authors: Costa Filho João Batista 
Published: July 2019

RESUMOGuimarães Rosa foi o escritor que, como poucos, soube explorar as potencialidades do olhar na experiência de seus personagens para que estes criassem, a partir daí, um universo simbólico para a renovação de si mesmos e do mundo que os cerca. O aprendizado do olhar em Rosa pode ser comparado com o processo em que o prisioneiro, na alegoria da caverna, liberta-se, e sucessivamente passa de um estado de ignorância, em que via apenas o ilusório e o aparente, para a visão das formas puras e inteligíveis. Platão compara o sol com a forma do Bem. Um texto do escritor mineiro ilustra esse aprendizado do olhar em paralelo com a visão platônica: a novela Campo geral. Nela, o personagem central é uma criança míope de oito anos que, num processo de descoberta do mundo, renova o seu olhar a cada momento, a exemplo do prisioneiro liberto da alegoria da caverna. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Guimarães Rosa. Platão. Olhar. Campo geral. ABSTRACTGuimarães Rosa was the author who, as few, knew how to exploit the look potentialities in his character’s experiences to enable them to create, from then on, the symbolic universe for the renewal of themselves and the world around. The learning of the look in Guimarães Rosa can be compared with the process where the prisioner, in the allegory in the cave, releases himself, and successively goes from an ignorance state, when he could only saw the illusory and apparent, to the intelligible and pure forms. Plato compares the sun with the Good forms. A specific text of the mineiro writer illustrates this learning of the look in parallel with the platonic vision: the Campo geral novel. Its main character is an eight-years-old shortsighted child who, in his world discovery proccess, renews his outlooks at each moment, at is done by prisioner released from the allegory of the cave. KEY-WORDS: Guimarães Rosa. Plato. Look. Campo geral
O PIRRONISMO E AS PAIXÕES: ENTRE A INDIFERENÇA E A ATARAXIA
Authors: Pettersen Bruno 
Published: July 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é examinar a temática das paixões no interior do Pirronismo antigo, especialmente nas figuras de Pirro e Sexto Empírico. Tal questão é controversa em um debate sobre o ceticismo antigo, em especial, porque essa corrente não pode dispor de uma teoria das paixões, dado que elas nada afirmam sobre o mundo. Entretanto, é possível falar que o cético manifesta sentimentos, ainda que de uma maneira não teórica? Para investigarmos essa nuance, passaremos pela vida de Pirro – conforme descrita por Diógenes Laércio – e pelo Esboços do Pirronismo de Sexto Empírico, em busca de uma reflexão acerca das paixões no interior do ceticismo pirrônico.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Pirro. Sexto Empírico. Paixões. Ceticismo. Diógenes Laércio. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to examine the passions within the ancient Pyrrhonism, especially in the figures of Pyrrho and Sextus Empiricus. This question is controversial in a debate about ancient skepticism, especially because the skeptics cannot have a theory of passions, since they claim nothing about the world. However, is it possible to speak that the skeptic expresses feelings, albeit in a non-theoretical way? To examine this question, we will go through the life of Pyrrhus - as described by Diogenes Laertius – and we will examine the Outlines of Scepticism by Sextus Empiricus in search of a reflection on the passions within the Pyrrhonic skepticism.KEY-WORDS: Pyrrho. Sixth Empiricus. Passions. Skepticism. Diogenes Laertius.