bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solving the calcium gluconate shortage in real‐time: Mistakes made and lessons learned
Authors: Williams Lance A. , Sikora James , Richardson Carole , Rigi Mohammed , Boshell Nick , Palmer Lakeyra , Dunn Sondra , Slover Terry , Peavey Daniel , Guillory Bryan , Marques Marisa B. 
Published: January 2019

PurposeDuring a national shortage of calcium gluconate, we switched to calcium chloride for routine supplementation for peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collections. Subsequently, we analyzed the postprocedure ionized calcium level, as we aimed for an equivalent result compared to before the shortage.MethodsPharmacy representatives helped us to find an “equivalent” substitute for calcium gluconate at 46.5 mEq in 500 mL normal saline, infused at 100 mL/hour. After instituting a presumably comparable protocol using calcium chloride (40.8 mEq in 250 mL normal saline at a rate of 100 mL/hour), we reviewed ionized calcium results post‐PBSC procedures to compare with those obtained with calcium gluconate. Having noticed a difference in the mean values, we adjusted the rate of calcium chloride to reach our desired outcome.ResultsTwenty‐seven procedures were analyzed on 15 unique patients. We used the Spectra OPTIA with a whole blood: anticoagulant ratio of 13:1. Ionized calcium levels post‐PBSC collection with the first calcium chloride protocol were significantly higher (P = 0.003) in nine patients treated. Subsequently, we decreased the calcium chloride infusion rate to 75 mL/hour and achieved similar mean levels to calcium gluconate (P = 0.382).ConclusionChanges in replacement fluids for apheresis procedures can be complex, particularly when dealing with electrolytes that could be clinically significant at critically high or low levels. Once we recognized the need to take into account the amount of elemental calcium infused, we achieved the desired postprocedure ionized calcium results. This study can serve as a lesson for future shortages of infusions used during apheresis procedures.
Structural insights into the aggregation mechanism of huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment with different polyQ‐lengths
Authors: Priya S. Binny , Gromiha M. Michael 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHuntington disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of polyglutamine (polyQ) at the N‐terminal of the huntingtin exon 1 protein. The detailed structure and the mechanism behind this aggregation remain unclear and it is assumed that the polyQ undergoes a conformational transition to the β‐sheet structure when it aggregates. Investigating the misfolding of polyQ facilitates the determination of the molecular mechanism of aggregation and can potentially help in developing a novel approach to inhibit polyQ aggregation. Moreover, the flanking sequences of the polyQ region play a vital role in structural changes and the aggregation mechanism. We performed all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations to gain structural insights into the aggregation mechanism using eight different models with glutamine repeat lengths Q27, Q27P11, Q34, Q35, Q36, Q40, Q50, and Q50P11. In the models without flanking polyPs, we noticed that the transformation of a random coil to β‐sheet occurs when the number of Q increases. We also found that the flanking polyPs prevent aggregation by decreasing the probability of forming a β‐sheet structure. When polyQ length increases, the 17 N‐terminal flanking residues are more likely to adopt a β‐sheet conformation from α‐helix and coil. From our simulations, we suggest that at least 34 glutamines are required for initiating aggregation and 40 residues length is critical for the aggregation of huntingtin exon 1 protein for disease onset. This study provides structural insights into misfolding and the role of flanking sequences in huntingtin aggregation which will further help in developing therapeutic strategies for Huntington's disease.
Clarifying pathways to poor psychological health: The mediating role of psychosocial factors in the relationship between general psychopathology and quality of life impairment in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia
Authors: Liu Jianlin , Abdin Edimansyah , Verma Swapna , Sim Kang , Chong Siow Ann , Subramaniam Mythily 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe present study examines the latent factor structure of general psychopathology and investigates the mediating role of unmet psychosocial concerns, motivation, and medication side effects in the relationship between general psychopathology and quality of life (QOL) impairment in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsA total of 251 patients completed self‐report measures of unmet psychosocial concerns, motivation, medication side effects, and physical/mental QOL impairment. The severity of schizophrenia was assessed on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.ResultsExploratory factor analysis revealed one latent factor (emotional distress) of general psychopathology. Mediation path analyses controlling for confounding variables revealed significant indirect effects of unmet psychosocial concerns, motivation, and medication side effects on emotional distress and physical/mental QOL impairment.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that identifying optimal methods of managing co‐occurring emotional distress as well as secondary psychosocial factors on psychological health may improve QOL among patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.
I won't obey!: Psychologically Controlling Parenting and (Non)‐Clinical Adolescents' Responses to Rule‐setting
Authors: Brenning Katrijn M. , Antrop Inge , Van Petegem Stijn , Soenens Bart , De Meulenaere Jan , Rodríguez‐Meirinhos Ana , Vansteenkiste Maarten 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined associations between maternal psychologically controlling parenting and adolescents’ responses to rule‐setting as well as the link between both study variables and adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing problems.MethodBoth clinical and nonclinical adolescents reported upon maternal psychological control, responses to rule‐setting (i.e., oppositional defiance, submissive compliance, negotiation, and accommodation) and both adolescents and mothers reported upon adolescents’ problems.ResultsPerceived psychological control related positively to adolescents’ oppositional defiance and submissive compliance and negatively to negotiation and accommodation. Further, an integrated path model indicated that psychological control related to externalizing problems via oppositional defiance and internalizing problems via submissive compliance.ConclusionsPsychological control relates to different types of problem behaviors via diverse responses to maternal rule‐setting. The discussion emphasizes the importance of future prevention and intervention programs to focus on both parenting and on adolescents’ active contribution to their socialization process.
Investigation of indolamine 2, 3 dioxygenase (IDO‐1) gene expression by real‐time PCR among patients with lung cancer
Authors: Haji Mazdarani Mojtaba , Jafarikia Milad , Nemati Fahimeh 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of IDO‐1 gene and cancerous grades of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its subclasses among patients with lung cancer using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Materials and MethodsA total of 35 clinical samples were collected from patients with NSCLC. To evaluate the IDO‐1 gene after the extraction of RNA and complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis using real‐time PCR, the expression of the gene was investigated. The western blot analysis method was used for protein expression.ResultsThe highest grade, IIIa grade included six patients (17.1%). Approximately 74% of adenocarcinoma cases were in T‐categories of lung cancer and 25% of patients in IIIa grade. Patients in the IIA and IIB categories belong to the SCC subclass. Results showed that the expression of INDO 5.22 fold gene was more common in patients with lung cancer than NSCLC. Protein expression in western blot analysis in patients compared with normal 3.22 fold change increased.ConclusionThe evidence shows that IDO‐1 is a key parameter that inhibits antitumor immune responses in humans. This study has added interesting data to the
IDO community for analyzing the expression of cancerous human cancer cells and cancer tissue in humans. The results showed that
IDO‐1 not only participates in the process of escape from tumor immunity but can also contribute to the safety of the pretumor area. A wide variety of observed
IDO‐1 expression values ​​among patients may present serious barriers to the clinical performance of anti‐
IDO strategies at present.
Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex and related subspecies as causative agents of zoonotic and occupational diseases
Authors: Eslami Majid , Shafiei Morvarid , Ghasemian Abdolmajid , Valizadeh Saeid , Al‐Marzoqi Ali Hussein , Shokouhi Mostafavi Seyyed Khalil , Nojoomi Farshad , Mirforughi Seyede Amene 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and
Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) cause zoonotic infections transmitted by birds and livestock herds. These pathogens have remained as serious economic and health threats in most areas of the world. As zoonotic diseases, the risk of development of occupational disease and even death outcome necessitate implementation of control strategies to prevent its spread. Zoonotic MAP infections include Crohn’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, sarcoidosis, diabetes mellitus, and immune‐related diseases (such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis). Paratuberculosis has classified as type B epidemic zoonotic disease according to world health organization which is transmitted to human through consumption of dairy and meat products. In addition, MAC causes pulmonary manifestations and lymphadenitis in normal hosts and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) progression (by serotypes 1, 4, and 8). Furthermore, other subspecies have caused respiratory abscesses, neck lymph nodes, and disseminated osteomyelitis in children and ulcers. However, the data over the occupational relatedness of these subspecies is rare. These agents can cause occupational infections in susceptible herd breeders. Several molecular methods have been recognized as proper strategies for tracking the infection. In this study, some zoonotic aspects, worldwide prevalence and control strategies regarding infections due to MAP and MAC and related subspecies has been reviewed.
Dexamethasone interferes with osteoblasts formation during osteogenesis through altering IGF‐1‐mediated angiogenesis
Authors: Xu Shengsong , Guo Rui , Li Pei‐Zhi , Li Ke , Yan Yu , Chen Jianlong , Wang Guang , Brand‐Saberi Beate , Yang Xuesong , Cheng Xin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC) with long‐lasting treatment effects, has been proved to exert a modulatory effect on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation during embryonic osteogenesis. However, it is still controversial if Dex exposure influences endochondral ossification and the underlying mechanism. In this study, chick embryos in vivo and preosteoblast cell cultures in vitro were utilized to investigate the effects of Dex on osteoblast formation and differentiation during the skeletal development. We first demonstrated that Dex exposure could shorten the long bones of 17‐day chick embryos in vivo, and also downregulated the expressions of osteogenesis‐related genes. Next, we established that Dex exposure inhibited the proliferation and viability of preosteoblasts‐MC3TC‐E1 cells, and the addition of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) could dramatically rescue these negative effects. On the basis of remarkable changes in the rescue experiments, we next verified the important role of angiogenesis in osteogenesis by culturing isolated embryonic phalanges in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium culture or on the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Then, we transplanted MC3T3‐E1 cell masses onto the CAM. The data showed that Dex exposure reduced the vessel density within the developed cell mass, concomitantly with the downregulation of IGF‐1 pathway. We verified that the inhibition of blood vessel formation caused by Dex could be rescued by IGF‐1 treatment using the CAM angiogenesis model. Eventually, we demonstrated that the shortened length of the phalanges in the presence of Dex could be reversed by IGF‐1 addition. In summary, these findings suggested that the inhibition of Igf‐1 signal caused by Dex exposure exerts a detrimental impact on the formation of osteoblasts and angiogenesis, which consequently shortens long bones during osteogenesis.
Dihydrotestosterone synthesis in the sheep corpus luteum and its potential mechanism in luteal regression
Authors: Xiao Longfei , Song Liangli , Hu Junjie , Zhang Quanwei , Jiang Yuting , Duan Hongwei , Zhang Yong , Zhao Xingxu , Hua Yongli 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCorpus luteum (CL) regression is a complex physiological process. Previous studies have shown that dihydrotestosterone (DHT) may be involved in regulating CL regression, but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we evaluated the localization of the two isoforms of DHT synthetase 5α‐reductase (5α‐red1 and 5α‐red2) and androgen receptor (AR) in sheep CL, and investigated 5α‐red1, 5α‐red2, AR, and DHT levels at different luteal stages of CL (early, middle, and late phase) by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis. Moreover, we cultured luteal cells from middle phase CL and treated them with different concentrations of DHT (10−10–10
−6 M) and the AR antagonist flutamide (10
−5 M), to evaluate whether DHT is involved in the regulation of progesterone (P4) secretion and progesterone nuclear receptor (PGR) expression and whether these effects are regulated by the AR pathway. We also investigated the effects of DHT and flutamide on prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) secretion and apoptotic gene and protein expression. Our results showed that 5α‐red1, 5α‐red2, and AR were expressed in the CL, and their expression and DHT levels were changed during the luteal phase. DHT was involved in mediating P4 and PGF2α secretion and PGR and apoptotic gene and protein expression. The effects of DHT on CL were at least partially regulated by the AR pathway. This study reveals the mechanism of action of DHT on sheep CL regression and lays the foundation for further exploration of androgen regulation of CL function.
Impairment of cognitive function in ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency is global rather than domain‐specific and is associated with disease onset, sex, maximum ammonium, and number of hyperammonemic events
Authors: Buerger Corinna , Garbade Sven F. , Dietrich Alber Fabienne , Waisbren Susan E. , McCarter Robert , Kölker Stefan , Burgard Peter ,   on behalf of the Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium
Published: January 2019

AbstractBeginning in 2006, the Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium (UCDC) has conducted a longitudinal study of eight inherited deficiencies of enzymes and transporters of the urea cycle, including 444 individuals with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD), of whom 300 (67 males, 233 females) received psychological evaluation. In a cross‐sectional study (age range, 3‐71 years), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) determined the association between outcomes in five cognitive domains (global intelligence, executive functions, memory, visuomotor integration, visual perception) and sex, age at testing and timing of disease onset defined as early onset (≤28 days; EO), late onset (LO), or asymptomatic (AS). The dataset of 183 subjects with complete datasets (31 males, 152 females) revealed underrepresentation of EO subjects (2 males, 4 females), who were excluded from the ANCOVA. Although mean scores of LO and AS individuals were within 1 SD of the population norm, AS subjects attained significantly higher scores than LO subjects and males higher scores than females. Correlations between cognitive domains were high, particularly intelligence proved to be a distinguished indicator for cognitive functioning. Maximum plasma ammonium concentration and intelligence correlated significantly higher in EO (r = −0.47) than in LO subjects (r = 0.04). Correlation between the number of hyperammonemic events and intelligence scores were similar for EO (r = −0.30) and LO (r = −0.26) individuals. The number of clinical symptoms was significantly associated with intelligence (r = −0.28) but not with scores in other domains. Results suggest that OTCD has a global impact on cognitive functioning rather than a specific effect on distinct cognitive domains.
Automated production of [68Ga]Ga‐DOTANOC and [68Ga]Ga‐PSMA‐11 using a TRACERlab FXFN synthesis module
Authors: Garcia‐Arguello Segundo Francisco , Lopez‐Lorenzo Beatriz , Ruiz‐Cruces Rafael 
Published: January 2019

The interest in gallium‐68 labelled positron‐emission tomography probes continues to increase around the world. However, one of the barriers for routine clinical use is the cost of the automated synthesis units for relatively simple labelling procedures. Herein, we describe the adaptation of a TRACERlab FXFN synthesis module for the automated production of gallium‐68 radiopharmaceuticals using a cation‐exchange cartridge for postprocessing of the 68Ge/68Ga generator eluate. The recovery of activity from the cartridge was 95.6% to 98.9% using solutions of acidified sodium chloride (5 M with pH = 1‐3). The radiosyntheses of [68Ga]Ga‐DOTANOC and [68Ga]Ga‐PSMA‐11 were performed using acetate sodium buffer or 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)piperazine‐1‐ethanesulfonic acid, with a total duration of 21 and 23 minutes, respectively, including generator elution and radiopharmaceutical dispensing. Activity yields were 77% ± 2% for [68Ga]Ga‐PSMA‐11 and 68% ± 3% for [68Ga]Ga‐DOTANOC (n > 100). The labelled peptides had a radiochemical purity exceeding 97%, and all quality control parameters were in conformity with the limits prescribed by the European Pharmacopoeia.
Ontogeny of the catfish pectoral‐fin spine (Teleostei: Siluriformes)
Authors: Kubicek Kole M. , Britz Ralf , Conway Kevin W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe characteristic and morphologically variable pectoral‐fin spine of catfishes (order Siluriformes) has been well‐investigated based on later developmental stages (juveniles and adults) but information on the earliest life stages are lacking. Here, we document the ontogeny of pectoral‐fin spines in four siluroid (Ictalurus punctatus, Noturus gyrinus, Silurus glanis and Akysis vespa) and two loricarioid catfishes (Corydoras panda and Ancistrus sp.). To further our understanding of pectoral‐fin spine development, we also examined adult and juvenile specimens representing 41 of the currently 43 recognized families of catfishes. Development of the pectoral‐fin spine is similar in all catfishes and resembles the development of a typical soft fin ray. Fusion between hemitrichia of the anteriormost lepidotrichium occurs proximally first, forming the spine proper, with growth of the spine occurring through the subsequent fusion of developing distal hemitrichial segments that comprise the spurious ray. The variation of pectoral‐fin spine morphology observed is largely attributed to the presence/absence of five traits, which either develop as part of the hemitrichial segments that are added to the distal tip of the spine during growth (distal rami, anterior/posterior serrae) or develop independent of these segments (denticuli and odontodes).
Modeling and simulation of dual‐material‐gate AlGaN/GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistor using finite difference method
Authors: Kandasamy Sowmya , N.B. Balamurugan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA model for a dual‐material‐gate AlGaN/GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistor has been developed by a finite difference method. The method permits the modeling of dual material as two individual single materials by splitting the 2‐D Poisson equation into two separate 1‐D equations. The unified model of two separate 1‐D equations is formed by applying the boundary conditions. The proposed model estimates the surface potential, electric field, threshold voltage, and drain current by considering the work functions of two metal gates, their length difference, and applied drain voltage. The accuracy of the model can be verified using Technology Computer‐Aided Design (TCAD) simulations.
Characterization of the chondrogenic and osteogenic potential of male and female human muscle‐derived stem cells: Implication for stem cell therapy
Authors: Scibetta Alex C. , Morris Elizabeth R. , Liebowitz Andrea B. , Gao Xueqin , Lu Aiping , Philippon Marc J. , Huard Johnny 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTPeople of all backgrounds are susceptible to bone and cartilage damage, and these injuries can be debilitating. Current treatments for bone and cartilage injuries are less than optimal, and we are interested in developing new approaches to treat these diseases, specifically using human muscle‐derived stem cells (hMDSCs). Our lab previously demonstrated that sex differences exist between male and female murine MDSCs; thus, this paper sought to investigate whether sex differences also exist in hMDSCs. In the present study, we characterized the chondrogenic and osteogenic sex differences of hMDSCs in vitro and in vivo. We performed in vitro osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation using hMDSC pellet cultures. As demonstrated by microCT, histology, and immunohistochemistry, male hMDSCs were more chondrogenic and osteogenic than their female counterparts in vitro. No differences were observed based on the sex of hMDSCs in osteogenic and chondrogenic gene expression and cell surface markers. For our in vivo study, we transduced hMDSCs with lenti‐BMP2/GFP and transplanted these cells into critical‐sized calvarial defects in mice. MicroCT results revealed that male hMDSCs regenerated more bone at 2 weeks and demonstrated higher bone density at 4 and 6 weeks than female hMDSCs. Histology demonstrated that both male and female hMDSCs regenerated functional bone. Clinical relevance: These studies reinforce that stem cells isolated from male and female patients differ in function, and we should disclose the sex of cells used in future studies. Considering sex differences of hMDSCs may help to improve cell‐based therapies for autologous cell treatment of bone and cartilage damage. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1339–1349, 2019.