bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Chikungunya virus by an adenosine analog targeting the SAM‐dependent nsP1 methyltransferase
Authors: Mudgal Rajat , Mahajan Supreeti , Tomar Shailly 
Published: October 2019

Alphaviruses, including Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), are among the leading causes of recurrent epidemics all over the world. Alphaviral nonstructural protein 1 (nsP1) orchestrates the capping of nascent viral RNA via its S‐adenosyl methionine‐dependent N‐7‐methyltransferase (MTase) and guanylyltransferase activities. Here, we developed and validated a novel capillary electrophoresis (CE)‐based assay for measuring the MTase activity of purified VEEV and CHIKV nsP1. We employed the assay to assess the MTase inhibition efficiency of a few adenosine analogs and identified 5‐iodotubercidin (5‐IT) as an inhibitor of nsP1. The antiviral potency of 5‐IT was evaluated in vitro using a combination of cell‐based assays, which suggest that 5‐IT is efficacious against CHIKV in cell culture (EC50: 0.409 µm).
Flexible Honeycombed Nanoporous/Glassy Hybrid for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Li Rui , Liu Xiongjun , Wu Ruoyu , Wang Jing , Li Zhibin , Chan K. C. , Wang Hui , Wu Yuan , Lu Zhaoping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media urgently requires electrocatalysts concurrently possessing excellent activity, flexible free‐standing capability, and low cost. A honeycombed nanoporous/glassy sandwich structure fabricated through dealloying metallic glass (MG) is reported. This free‐standing hybrid shows outstanding HER performance with a very small overpotential of 37 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a low Tafel slope of 30 mV dec−1 in alkaline media, outperforming commercial Pt/C. By alloying 3 at% Pt into the MG precursor, a honeycombed Pt75Ni25 solid solution nanoporous structure, with fertile active sites and large contact areas for efficient HER, is created on the dealloyed MG surface. Meanwhile, the surface compressive lattice‐strain effect is also introduced by substituting the Pt lattice sites with the smaller Ni atoms, which can effectively reduce the hydrogen adsorption energy and thus improve the hydrogen evolution. Moreover, the outstanding stability and flexibility stemming from the ductile MG matrix also make the hybrid suitable for practical electrode application. This work not only offers a reliable strategy to develop cost‐effective and flexible multicomponent catalysts with low Pt usage for efficient HER, but also sheds light on understanding the alloying effects of the catalytic process.
Videotaped Unannounced Standardized Patient Encounters to Evaluate Interpersonal and Communication Skills in Emergency Medicine Residents
Authors: Chung Arlene S. , Bogoch Sally , Mody Shivani , Smith Colleen , Pushkar Illya , Drapkin Jefferson , Saloum David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundCommunication and interpersonal skills are important for effective patient care but are difficult to measure. Unannounced standardized patient encounters (USPEs) have the benefit of providing a standardized situation and provide a representation of usual care rather than best behavior, while also allowing for video recording without violating patient privacy. We conducted a feasibility pilot study to examine the use of videotaped USPEs in resident education of interpersonal and communication skills and specifically empathy.MethodsThis was a pilot study conducted at an urban community teaching hospital. About 16 first‐year emergency medicine engaged in four videotaped USPEs during their normal clinical shifts during 1 academic year. All visible recording equipment was concealed from the residents. The standardized patients completed two assessment forms after each encounter to measure empathy.ResultsAll 16 residents engaged in four videotaped USPEs for a total of 64 encounters.ConclusionsWe were able to successfully demonstrate the feasibility of using USPEs for assessment of resident interpersonal and communication skills.
Brain white matter abnormalities associated with copy number variants
Authors: Vigdorovich Nitzan , Ben‐Sira Liat , Blumkin Lubov , Precel Ronit , Nezer Ifat , Yosovich Keren , Cross Zachary , Vanderver Adeline , Lev Dorit , Lerman‐Sagie Tally , Zerem Ayelet 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhite matter (WM) signal abnormalities are demonstrated in various neurodevelopmental disorders on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The pattern of WM abnormalities can aid in the diagnostic process. This study aims to characterize the WM changes found in microdeletion/microduplication syndromes. Thirteen patients with neurodevelopmental disorders due to copy number variations were collected from a cohort of children with evidence of WM abnormalities on brain MRI, in two medical centers. A pediatric neuroradiologist blindly interpreted the MRI scans. Clinical and genetic findings were retrospectively extracted from the medical records. WM changes included: multifocal (10/13) periventricular (12/13) and subcortical (5/13) signal abnormalities and WM volume loss (6/13). Dysgenesis of the corpus callosum was depicted in 12/13. The main clinical features were: global developmental delay (13/13), hypotonia (11/13), epilepsy (10/13), dysmorphic features (9/13), microcephaly (6/13), short stature (6/13), and systemic involvement (6/13). We showed that different chromosomal micro‐rearrangement syndromes share similar MRI patterns of nonspecific multifocal predominantly periventricular WM changes associated with corpus callosum dysgenesis with or without WM and gray matter loss. Hence, the association of these features in a patient evaluated for global developmental delay/intellectual disability suggests a chromosomal micro‐rearrangement syndrome, and a chromosomal microarray analysis should be performed.
Probiotic extracts ameliorate nasal allergy by inducing interleukin‐35‒producing dendritic cells in mice
Authors: Xue Jin‐Mei , Ma Fei , An Yun‐Fang , Suo Li‐Min , Geng Xiao‐Rui , Song Yan‐Nan , Mo Li‐Hua , Luo Xiang‐Qian , Zhang Xiao‐Wen , liu Da‐Bo , Zhao Chang‐Qing , Yang Ping‐Chang 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe therapeutic efficacy of allergic rhinitis (AR) needs to be improved. Probiotics have immunoregulatory functions. In this study we evaluated the effects of protein extracts of probiotics in the amelioration of AR.MethodsExtracts of Bifidobacterium infantis (EBI) were prepared by lysing the live probiotics. AR mice were developed to be used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of EBI.ResultsThe results show that EBI induced interleukin (IL)‐10‒producing dendritic cells (DCs) via increasing IL‐35 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation. IL‐10‒expressing DCs induced IL‐10‒producing B cells (B10 cells), with the latter showing immunosuppressive functions. After challenge with specific antigens, AR mice showed sneezing, nasal itch, and increases in serum‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and mouse mast cell protease‐1; higher levels of T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines (IL‐4, 67.17 ± 10.66; IL‐5, 62.83 ± 9.70; IL‐13, 51.00 ± 6.69, before treatment) in nasal mucosal protein extracts, which were significantly suppressed (IL‐4, 27.00 ± 6.66; IL‐5, 23.86 ± 4.53; IL‐13, 25.67 ± 4.93, after treatment (p < 0.001) by administration with EBI nasal drops.ConclusionEBI can suppress AR via inducing B10 cells. Thus, after carrying out required preclinical experiments and tests, EBI has the translational potential to be used in the treatment of AR and other allergic diseases.
A 3D Tight‐Binding Model for La‐Based Cuprate Superconductors
Authors: Photopoulos Raphaël , Frésard Raymond 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMotivated by the recent experimental determination of the 3D Fermi surface of overdoped La‐based cuprate superconductors, the tight‐binding parameterization of their conduction band is revisited. A minimal tight‐binding model entailing eight orbitals, two of them involving apical oxygen ions is constructed. Parameter optimization allows to almost perfectly reproduce the 3D conduction band as obtained from density functional theory (DFT). It is discussed how each parameter entering this multiband model influences it, and show that the peculiar form of its dispersion severely constraints the parameter values. It is evidenced that standard perturbative derivation of an effective one‐band model is poorly converging because of the comparatively small value of the charge transfer gap. Yet, this allows to unravel the microscopical origin of the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane hopping amplitudes. An alternative approach to the computation of the tight‐binding parameters of the effective model is presented and worked out. It results that the agreement with DFT is preserved provided longer‐ranged hopping amplitudes are retained. A comparison with existing models is also performed. Finally, the Fermi surface, showing staggered pieces alternating in size and shape, is compared to experiment, with the density of states also being calculated.
Stable Perovskite Quantum Dots Coated with Superhydrophobic Organosilica Shells for White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Tu Shuhua , Yin Quanyi , Shang Bin , Chen Min , Wu Limin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMetalammonium lead perovskite (MAPbX3, MA=CH3NH3+; X=Cl, Br, I) quantum dots (QDs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their outstanding optical properties. However, they usually suffer from poor stability towards water or moisture, which seriously limits their practical applications. Here, we report a simple and effective approach to improve the stability of MAPbBr3 QDs by encapsulating them with superhydrophobic fluorinated organosilica (FSiO2) shells. The water‐resistant stability of the superhydrophobic MAPbBr3 QDs/FSiO2 is significantly enhanced and they display strong fluorescence even after immersion in water for 12 hours. This method is readily extended to prepare superhydrophobic MAPbBr2.4Cl0.6 QDs/FSiO2 and MAPbI3 QDs/FSiO2 powders. These superhydrophobic MAPbX3 QDs/FSiO2 can be further used to fabricate white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with comparable color to pure white emission.
An Uncommon Hypervalent Fluorooxosilicophosphate
Authors: Ding Qingran , Zhao Sangen , Xiao Han , Li Yanqiang , Liu Shuai , Li Lina , Li Chunsen , Wang Yusong , Hong Maochun , Luo Junhua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe species diversity of silicon (including traditional tetrahedral coordinated silicon and hypervalent penta‐ and hexa‐coordinate silicon) gives rise to the structural richness and diverse properties of silicates. Among these silicon species, hypervalent silicon is very rare, not to mention almost unexplored mixed‐anion hypervalent fluoroxosilicate species. In this work, we successfully obtained a mixed‐anion fluorooxosilicophosphate Na4Si2PO4F9 consisting of two uncommon hypervalent fluoroxosilicate species, namely, trans‐SiO2F4 species and SiOF5 species. To the best of our knowledge, such hypervalent silicon species are reported for the first time in inorganic compounds. Remarkably, the coexistence of two distinct hypervalent fluoroxosilicate species in one compound is somewhat conflicted with Pauling's parsimony rule, but it indeed achieves an unlikely connection by PO4 and our phonon dispersion calculation confirms the structure stability of Na4Si2PO4F9. Temperature‐dependent conductivity measurements show that Na4Si2PO4F9 is a promising solid ionic conductor with a high conductivity of 4.0×10−5 S⋅cm−1 at 700 K and a low active energy of about 53.1 KJ⋅mol−1. This work will enrich the structure chemistry of silicates and may provide a new platform for solid ionic batteries.
Effect of spruce PjSTS1a, PjSTS2, or PjSTS3 gene overexpression on stilbene biosynthesis in callus cultures of Vitis amurensis Rupr
Authors: Suprun A. R. , Ogneva Z. V. , Dubrovina A. S. , Kiselev K. V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStilbenes are natural compounds protecting plants against microbial pathogens and known to possess valuable biologically active properties. In the present study, we established transgenic grapevine callus cell cultures overexpressing three stilbene synthase (STS) genes of spruce Picea jezoensis PjSTS1a, PjSTS2, and PjSTS3. Transformation of Vitis amurensis calli with the PjSTS1a, PjSTS2, and PjSTS3 genes significantly increased total content of stilbenes in 3.6–6, 2.5–2.9, and 4.1–16.1 times, respectively, in comparison with the control calli. The most pronounced positive effect on the accumulation of stilbenes was observed for the PjSTS3‐overexpressing calli where the total content of stilbenes was increased up to 3.1 mg/g DW, and the stilbene production reached 25.4 mg/L. These values were higher than those achieved for the grapevine callus cell cultures overexpressing three STS genes from V. amurensis. Thus, transformation of grapevine cell cultures with spruce STS genes with a relatively low degree of homology to the endogenous VaSTSs is a more effective strategy for induction of plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis than using the grapevine genes for the overexpression experiments.
Cell Fate Regulation upon DNA Damage: p53 Serine 46 Kinases Pave the Cell Death Road
Authors: Liebl Magdalena C. , Hofmann Thomas G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMild and massive DNA damage are differentially integrated into the cellular signaling networks and, in consequence, provoke different cell fate decisions. After mild damage, the tumor suppressor p53 directs the cellular response to cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and cell survival, whereas upon severe damage, p53 drives the cell death response. One posttranslational modification of p53, phosphorylation at Serine 46, selectively occurs after severe DNA damage and is envisioned as a marker of the cell death response. However, the molecular mechanism of action of the p53 Ser46 phospho‐isomer, the molecular timing of this phosphorylation event, and its activating effects on apoptosis and ferroptosis still await exploration. In this essay, the current body of evidence on the molecular function of this deadly p53 mark, its evolutionary conservation, and the regulation of the key players of this response, the p53 Serine 46 kinases, are reviewed and dissected.
A population balance model to modulate shear for the control of aggregation in Taxus suspension cultures
Authors: Wilson Sarah A. , Maindarkar Shashank N. , McKee Michelle C. , Vilkhovoy Michael , Henson Michael A. , Roberts Susan C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCellular aggregation in plant suspension cultures directly affects the accumulation of high value products, such as paclitaxel from Taxus. Through application of mechanical shear by repeated, manual pipetting through a 10 ml pipet with a 1.6 mm aperture, the mean aggregate size of a Taxus culture can be reduced without affecting culture growth. When a constant level of mechanical shear was applied over eight generations, the sheared population was maintained at a mean aggregate diameter 194 μm lower than the unsheared control, but the mean aggregate size fluctuated by over 600 μm, indicating unpredictable culture variability. A population balance model was developed to interpret and predict disaggregation dynamics under mechanical shear. Adjustable parameters involved in the breakage frequency function of the population balance model were estimated by nonlinear optimization from experimentally measured size distributions. The optimized model predictions were in strong agreement with measured size distributions. The model was then used to determine the shear requirements to successfully reach a target aggregate size distribution. This model will be utilized in the future to maintain a culture with a constant size distribution with the goal of decreasing culture variability and increasing paclitaxel yields.
Pulmonary artery perforation caused by a left atrial appendage closure device
Authors: Lu Cong , Zeng Jie , Meng Qingguo , Zeng Zhi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe describe a female patient who received hybrid catheter intervention and occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and left atrial appendage (LAA). Four hours after the procedure, pericardial tamponade suddenly occurred. Surgical exploration of the heart found that a fixation hook of the WATCHMAN device, had protruded through the LAA wall and tore the dilated pulmonary artery (PA). This is the first case report to describe PA perforation caused by barbs of the WATCHMAN device, and more attention should be paid to the relationship between the LAA and its adjacent structures before LAA closure.
Bottom‐Up Construction of Conjugated Microporous Polyporphyrin‐Coated Graphene Hydrogel Composites with Hierarchical Pores for High‐Performance Capacitors
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhao Ting , Dou Jinli , Xu Zhilu , Zhang Wenhua , Chen Xiangyin , Wang Xuedong , Zhou Baolong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) graphene hydrogel (GH) architectures are of great interest in applications towards electronics, environmental fields, catalysis devices, and sensors. However, due to the structure constraints of graphene, only macropore and low specific surface areas are obtained. Conjugated microporous polymers always possess a micro‐ and mesopore structure simultaneously, but the conductivity is very poor. However, both the conductivity and the pore parameter are important factors affecting the performance of capacitor. Here, we propose a facile and highly efficient method to improve the microstructure of GH, enlarging the conductivity of CMPs, simultaneously. Porphyrin‐based conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) gels were integrated tightly on the surface of GH via a room‐temperature oxidative homocoupling reaction, resulting a new composite (GH‐CMP) with excellent conductivity, enlarged BET surface area, and hierarchical pore structure. The fabricated GH‐CMP was used as the electrode material for capacitors. The hierarchical pore structure is beneficial for mass transfer, facilitates the diffusion, and further enhances the specific capacitance. The resultant supercapacitor electrodes presented a high capacitance of 208 F g−1 at 20 mA g−1 and an excellent cycle stability with a retained capacitance of about 92.6 % after 10 000 cycles at 2 A g−1. The integration of CMPs and GH makes graphene hydrogel films an ideal electrode material for supercapacitors.
Facile Fabrication of P(Electrodeposition)/N(Solvothermal) 2D‐WS2‐Homojunction Based High Performance Photo Responsive, Strain Modulated Piezo‐Phototronic Diode
Authors: Veeralingam Sushmitha , Durai Lignesh , Badhulika Sushmee 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrate a low cost, cleanroom free fabrication approach of 2D (2‐dimensional) WS2 p‐n homojunction as a piezo phototronic diode. The p‐type WS2 was deposited over the flexible ITO/PET substrate using electrodeposition technique and the n‐type WS2 was synthesized using very simple and cost‐effective solvothermal technique. XRD and Raman studies confirmed the formation of both p‐type and n‐type WS2 with 3R and 2H structure holding the vibration modes of WS2 .To examine the photoresponsive properties the diode was irradiated with visible light and an increase in 12% of the photo current was observed in the reverse bias with the illumination power intensity of 8.25 mW/cm2 . Further, when the diode was subjected to 0.98% of tensile strain the current was increased up to 91.6%. This enhanced response can be attributed to the piezo‐phototronic effect exhibited by the few layers WS2 structure, which leads to the modulation of the potential at the p‐n junction interface leading to the increase in the carrier concentration of electrons flowing through the device. The p‐n homojunction diode exhibited excellent responsivity and detectivity values of 44.8 A/W and 11.2×1012 Jones respectively with an illumination intensity of 1.26 mW/cm2 and with a very low tensile strain of 0.98% which are higher than those of devices fabricated using sophisticated techniques which find numerous applications in flexible‐electronics.
Fluorescent Labelling of Glycans with FRET‐Based Probes in a Gold(III)‐Mediated Three‐Component Coupling Reaction
Authors: Sit Hoi‐Yi , Yang Bin , Ka‐Yan Kung Karen , Siu‐Lun Tam John , Wong Man‐Kin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSingle‐site multifunctionalization of glycans is of importance in biological studies considering its crucial role in mediating biological events and human diseases. In this paper, a novel approach for multifunctional labelling of glycans has been developed featuring the use of fluorescence resonance energy transfer‐based (FRET‐based) probes for fluorescent labelling of glycans through a gold(III)‐mediated three‐component coupling reaction. Oxidation of glycans into aldehydes followed by the A3‐coupling reaction with FRET‐based probes resulted in the single‐site formation of fluorescent propargylamine products. The conversion of labelled glycans can be revealed by ratiometric analysis of the FRET signals. This labelling approach results in multifunctionalization of glycans with high selectivity and conversion between 66 and 69 %.
Carbon‐Nanotube‐Supported Copper Polyphthalocyanine for Efficient and Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CO
Authors: Karapinar Dilan , Zitolo Andrea , Huan Tran Ngoc , Zanna Sandrine , Taverna Dario , Galvão Tizei Luiz Henrique , Giaume Domitille , Marcus Philippe , Mougel Victor , Fontecave Marc 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElectroreduction of CO2 to CO is one of the simplest ways to valorise CO2 as a source of carbon. Herein, a cheap, robust, Cu‐based hybrid catalyst consisting of a polymer of Cu phthalocyanine coated on carbon nanotubes, which proved to be selective for CO production (80 % faradaic yield) at relatively low overpotentials, was developed. Polymerisation of Cu phthalocyanine was shown to have a drastic effect on the selectivity of the reaction because molecular Cu phthalocyanine was instead selective for proton reduction under the same conditions. Although the material only showed isolated Cu sites in phthalocyanine‐like CuN4 coordination, in situ and operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy showed that, under operating conditions, the Cu atoms were fully converted to Cu nanoparticles, which were likely the catalytically active species. Interestingly, this restructuring of the metal sites was reversible.
An interdisciplinary approach to investigate collective cell migration in neural crest
Authors: Giniūnaitė Rasa , McLennan Rebecca , McKinney Mary C , Baker Ruth E , Kulesa Paul M , Maini Philip K 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe neural crest serves as a powerful and tractable model paradigm for understanding collective cell migration. The neural crest cell populations are well‐known for their long‐distance collective migration and contribution to diverse cell lineages during vertebrate development. If neural crest cells fail to reach a target or populate an incorrect location, then improper cell differentiation or uncontrolled cell proliferation can result. A wide range of interdisciplinary studies has been carried out to understand the response of neural crest cells to different stimuli and their ability to migrate to distant targets. In this critical commentary, we illustrate how an interdisciplinary collaboration involving experimental and mathematical modeling has led to a deeper understanding of cranial neural crest cell migration. We identify open questions and propose possible ways to start answering some of the challenges arising.