bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid anaerobic digestion of organic solid residuals for biogas production using flocculating bacteria and membrane bioreactors – a critical review
Authors: Wikandari Rachma , Taherzadeh Mohammad J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAnaerobic digestion (AD) is an attractive and sustainable alternative for stabilizing solid organic waste and producing biogas or biomethane. However, it is carried out by slow‐growing bacteria and archaea and it normally demands a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 20–60 days in the bioreactor. Although high‐rate AD methods and technologies have been developed, they are normally applied to liquid wastes such as wastewater. In this work, the theory and latest developments in high‐rate digestion of organic solid wastes are reviewed. The process is accomplished by running the AD in a two‐stage operation. The first stage involves dissolving the solid materials in water, using robust hydrolytic bacteria. The effluent is then filtered to remove any undigested material, which in some cases contains inhibitory compounds. The filtrate is then fed to bioreactors containing high cell density ADs such as flocculating bacteria (granules) or membrane bioreactors (MBR) to protect the sensitive and very slow‐growing methanogen. Different approaches to overcoming problems faced in the first stage of digestion are proposed in this review. These problems include slow digestion of lignocellulosic biomass or failure of digestion due to inhibition problems for feedstocks containing toxic compounds, and rapid acidification for easily degradable substrates. The principle, technology, benefits and drawbacks, and factors affecting the efficacy of each type of high cell‐density reactor are presented. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glibenclamide ameliorates the disrupted blood–brain barrier in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Xu Fulin , Shen Gang , Su Zuopeng , He Zijian , Yuan Lutao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundGlibenclamide is a widely used sulfonylurea drug prescribed to treat type II diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have demonstrated that glibenclamide has neuroprotective effects in central nervous system injury. However, the exact mechanism by which glibenclamide acts on the blood–brain barrier (BBB) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to validate the neuroprotective effects of glibenclamide on ICH and to explore the mechanisms underlying these effects.MethodsWe investigated the effects of glibenclamide on experimental ICH using the autologous blood infusion model. Glibenclamide was administrated either immediately or 2 hr after ICH. Brain edema was quantified using the wet–dry method 3 days after injury. BBB integrity was evaluated by Evans Blue extravasation and degradation of the tight junction protein zona occludens‐1 (ZO‐1). mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Activation of the nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor with a pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and cell viability were also measured in cerebral microvascular endothelial b.End3 cells exposed to hemin. Neurological changes were evaluated by the Garcia score and rotarod test.ResultsAfter ICH, the brain water content, Evans Blue extravasation, and inflammatory cytokines decreased significantly in the ipsilateral hemisphere of the experimental compared to the vehicle group. Glibenclamide treatment and NLRP3 knockdown significantly reduced hemin‐induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, release of extracellular lactate dehydrogenase, apoptosis, and loss of ZO‐1 in b.End3 cells. However, NLRP3 knockdown abolished the protective effect of glibenclamide.ConclusionGlibenclamide maintained BBB integrity in experimental ICH by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in microvessel endothelial cells. Our findings will contribute to elucidating the pharmacological mechanism of action of glibenclamide and to developing a novel therapy for clinical ICH.
Effectively using death in health messages: Social loss versus physical mortality salience
Authors: Martin Ingrid M. , Kamins Michael A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResearch based on the terror management health model demonstrates that highlighting death as a consequence of risky behavior can lead to unintended responses to health communications. In two studies, we investigate whether a form of social loss message frame can motivate someone to change his or her behavior to prevent negative health consequences. In Study 1, we compare social loss and physical mortality print messages in the context of “texting while driving.” Overall, social loss as opposed to physical mortality messages facilitate greater intent to reduce risky health behaviors when death‐related cognitions have been removed from conscious awareness. In Study 2, we manipulate message framing and self‐affirmation in the context of “smoking.” We find that highlighting family members' inability to cope when one dies can result in health messages that facilitate the acknowledgment of the health risk and reduce risky health behaviors. This effect is enhanced when individuals affirm on the importance of “relationships with family and friends” prior to viewing health messages. The implications for the terror management health model are discussed noting that death can be effectively used in health communication when framed as relationship protection rather than one's physical mortality.
STEMIs and Coumadin: Are they an unsafe combination?
Authors: Montgomery Jana E. , Levy Michael S. 
Published: March 2019

Key Points

Therapeutic anticoagulation may be a surrogate marker for increased MACE in the setting of a STEMI.
Consideration should be given to transradial access for patients on anticoagulation.
Triple therapy (DAPT plus anticoagulant) should be minimized.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Protect the kidneys to protect the patient
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Seth Ashok 
Published: March 2019

Key Points

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) seems superior to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for intermediate‐term outcomes in patients with aortic stenosis and moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Intermediate‐term mortality and the major adverse cardiac and renal event increase if the renal function worsens soon after TAVR or SAVR.
Patient's demographic profile, comorbid conditions, and procedural characteristics influence the clinical outcomes emphasizing the need for careful risk assessment in deciding TAVR versus SAVR in CKD patient.
Quality characteristics and protein composition of durum wheat cultivars released in the last 50 years
Authors: Malalgoda Maneka , Ohm Jae‐Bom , Manthey Frank A. , Elias Elias M. , Simsek Senay 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesDespite the strong influence of proteins on quality, no research has been performed to determine the association between protein composition and quality improvements of durum wheat produced in North Dakota (ND). This research objected to identify improvements of quality traits and determine its association with variations in protein composition using 32 durum genotypes released between 1956 and 2013 in ND.FindingsCertain durum quality parameters, such as kernel weight, mixing properties, and pasta‐making characteristics, improved over the last 50 years of durum breeding. Total protein content showed nonsignificant variation; however, protein composition parameters varied significantly. Specifically, SDS extractable LMW polymeric proteins and gliadins decreased while unextractable polymeric proteins increased. These changes in protein composition parameters were significantly correlated with dough and pasta cooking quality traits.ConclusionsEnhancement of protein composition is primarily responsible for the improvement of mixing quality and cooked pasta firmness seen in durum cultivars released over the last 50 years.Significance and noveltyThese findings demonstrate that genetic advancement of mixing and pasta quality traits can be attained by segregation of genotypes based on protein composition in durum wheat breeding.
Chiroptical Redox Switching of Tetra‐Cationic Derivatives of Azoniahelicenes
Authors: Rončević Igor , Jirásek Michael , Severa Lukáš , Reyes‐Gutierrez Paul Eduardo , Teplý Filip , Bednárová Lucie , Hromadová Magdaléna , Pospíšil Lubomír 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNew tetra‐ and di‐cationic azoniahelicenes provide electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data reflecting their differences in electron transfer (ET) kinetics. Di‐cationic helquats containing two seven‐membered rings are irreversibly reduced in two ET steps. Substitution by redox‐active ethenylpyridinium in the α or γ position with respect to nitrogen atoms of the helquat core yields tetra‐cationic derivatives with reversible ET steps and communicating redox centres. Redox‐inactive substituents in di‐cationic azoniahelicenes retain ET irreversibility. Redox switching of ECD of tetra‐cationic enantiomers was observed. Unlike fully aromatic helquat, the ECD response of tetra‐cationic helquats to periodic reduction‐oxidation cycles is slower, owing to a strong adsorption on electrodes. Quantum chemical calculations (DFT) indicate that the first ET step of tetra‐cationic derivative substituted in the γ position yields a folded structure, which favours the internal donor‐acceptor interaction. This explains the spectroelectrochemical differences between both tetra‐cations.
Rational Improvement of Single‐Molecule Magnets by Enforcing Ferromagnetic Interactions
Authors: Venne Jan‐Philipp , Feldscher Bastian , Walleck Stephan , Stammler Anja , Bögge Hartmut , Schnack Jürgen , Glaser Thorsten 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe anisotropy barrier of polynuclear single‐molecule magnets is expected to be higher with less tunneling the better stabilized the spin ground state is so that less MS mixing in the ground state and with excited spin states occur. We have realized this experimentally in two structurally related heptanuclear SMMs: the triplesalen‐based [MnIII6CrIII]3+ and the triplesalalen‐based *[MnIII6CrIII]3+. The ligand system triplesalen was developed to enforce ferromagnetic interactions by the spin‐polarization mechanism. However, we found weak antiferromagnetic couplings, that we assigned to an inefficient spin‐polarization by a heteroradialene formation. To prevent this heteroradialene formation, the triplesalalen ligand H6talalen
was designed. Here, we present the building block [(talalen
)MnIII3]3+ and its application for the assembly of [{(talalen
)MnIII3}2{CrIII(CN)6}]3+ (=*[MnIII6CrIII]3+). Both the trinuclear and heptanuclear complexes are SMMs. The comparison to the related triplesalen complex [(feld
)MnIII3]3+ proves the absence of heteroradialene character and the enforcement of ferromagnetic MnIII‐MnIII interactions in the (talalen
)6− complexes. This results in an increase of the barrier for spin reversal Ueff from 25 K in the triplesalen‐based [MnIII6CrIII]3+ SMMs to 37 K in the triplesalalen‐based *[MnIII6CrIII]3+ SMM proving the success of our concept. Based on this study, the next step in the rational improvement of our SMMs is discussed.
Paramagnetic Lanthanide NMR Probes Signalling Changes in Zinc Concentration by Emission and Chemical Shift: A Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Harnden Alice C. , Batsanov Andrei S. , Parker David 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA zinc‐selective probe based on a set of rare earth complexes of a modified DO3A macrocyclic ligand incorporating a tris‐pyridylamine (TPA) moiety has been structurally characterised in solution and in the solid‐state. One pyridine group possesses a tert‐butyl substituent to serve as an NMR reporter group. The mono‐capped square‐antiprismatic Dy complex has a long bond (2.83 Å) to an apical N atom (pKa 5.70 Eu) and binds to one water molecule on zinc binding. Zinc binding is reversible and involves all of the exocyclic ligand N donors; it is signalled by large (ratiometric) changes in Eu emission intensity, and by dramatic changes in the size (>50 ppm) and sign of the chemical shift of the paramagnetically shifted tBu resonances in Tb, Dy and Tm complexes. Slow trans‐metallation was observed, leading to formation of an unusual di‐zinc species in which one zinc ion is seven‐coordinate and the other is six‐coordinate.
Indirect synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and direct high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic methods for enantioseperation of zopiclone and determination of chiral‐switching eszopiclone: Evaluation of thermodynamic quantities of chromatographic separation
Authors: Moussa Bahia A. , Youssef Nadia F. , Elkady Ehab F. , Mohamed Marwa F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEconomic and enantioselective synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography methods have been developed and validated as per ICH guidelines for the separation of zopiclone enantiomers using L‐(+)‐tartaric acid as a chiral selector, followed by determination of the chiral‐switching eszopiclone. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy was successfully applied for chiral recognition of R & S enantiomers of zopiclone at ∆λ = 110 nm based on creating of diastereomeric complexes with 0.06M tartaric acid in an aqueous medium containing 0.2M disodium hydrogen orthophosphate. Synchronous fluorescence intensities of eszopiclone were recorded at 296 nm in concentration range 0.2‐ to 4‐μg/mL eszopiclone. High‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method depends on resolution of zopiclone enantiomers on achiral HPTLC silica‐gel plates using acetonitrile:methanol:water (8:2:0.25, v/v/v) containing L‐(+)‐tartaric acid as a chiral mobile‐phase additive followed by densitometric measurements at 304 nm in concentration range of 1 to 10 μg/band of eszopiclone. The effect of chiral‐selector concentration, pH, and temperature on the resolution have been studied and optimized for the proposed methods. The cited procedures were successfully applied to determine eszopiclone in commercial tablets of pure and racemic forms. Enantiomeric excess was evaluated using optical purity test and integrated peak area to describe the enantiomeric ratio. Thermodynamics of chromatographic separation, enthalpy, and entropy were evaluated using the Van't Hoff equation. The proposed methods were found to be selective for identification and determination of the eutomer in drug substances and products.
Intranuclear inclusions in hepatocellular carcinoma contain autophagy‐associated proteins and correlate with prolonged survival
Authors: Schwertheim Suzan , Westerwick Daniela , Jastrow Holger , Theurer Sarah , Schaefer Christoph M , Kälsch Julia , Möllmann Dorothe , Schlattjan Martin , Wedemeyer Heiner , Schmid Kurt Werner , Baba Hideo A 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFor decades, intranuclear inclusions in many normal and neoplastic cells have been considered to be mere invaginations of cytoplasm into the nucleus without any notable function or influence on disease. We investigated such inclusions in 75 specimens of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this context we demonstrate that these inclusions are true inclusions, completely closed and delimited by the nuclear membrane, containing degenerate cell organelles and lysosomal proteins. Moreover, their occurrence was positively associated with patient survival but not with tumour grade or stage. In a standardised area a mean of 124 inclusions per specimen was present in the tumorous liver tissue in contrast to 5 inclusions in the non‐tumorous adjacent section and 89% of all scrutinised HCC showed at least one membrane‐bound nuclear inclusion. Ultrastructural characterisation by transmission electron microscopy revealed degenerative materials such as residues of lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus within the inclusions. Due to the fact that the content of the inclusions appears to be more condensed than cytoplasm and contains fewer intact cell organelles, we assume that they are not mere invaginations of cytoplasm. Three dimensional (3D) reconstruction of isolated and immunofluorescence stained nuclei showed that the inclusions are completely located within the nucleus without any connection to the cytoplasm. The limiting membrane of the inclusions contained lamin B suggesting nuclear membrane origin. The content of the inclusions stained for the autophagy‐associated proteins p62, ubiquitin, LC3B, cathepsin B and cathepsin D. Triple immunofluorescence staining followed by 3D reconstruction revealed co‐localisation of p62, ubiquitin and LC3B in the same inclusion. Our observations uncover that these inclusions are real inclusions completely surrounded by the nucleus. We propose that the presence of autophagy‐associated proteins and proteases within the inclusions contribute to beneficial survival.
Cytomorphologic and molecular analyses of fallopian tube fimbrial brushings for diagnosis of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma
Authors: Chui M. Herman , Vang Russell , Wang Tian‐Li , Shih Ie‐Ming , VandenBussche Christopher J. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThe paradigm shift localizing the origin of ovarian high‐grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) to the fallopian tube underscores the rationale for meticulous microscopic examination of salpingectomy specimens. The precursor, termed “serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma,” is often a focal lesion, which poses difficulties for histologic diagnosis.MethodsThe authors describe a method to examine exfoliated epithelial cells from fallopian tube fimbria by gentle brushing, thereby enabling thorough sampling of the mucosal surface. Fimbrial brushings were collected from 20 fresh salpingectomy specimens from 15 patients, including 5 who had pathologically confirmed ovarian HGSC. Samples taken only from tubes that were grossly negative for tumor were processed for Papanicolaou staining, p53 immunocytochemistry, and tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutation analysis.ResultsCells with malignant cytomorphologic features were identified only in tubal brushings from patients with ovarian HGSC. In all cases, atypical/malignant cells on cytology corresponded to lesions with similar morphology and immunostaining pattern in permanent sections, demonstrating the sensitivity of the technique while providing reassurance that specimen integrity was not disrupted by the procedure. Targeted next‐generation sequencing confirmed the presence of TP53 mutations in fimbrial brushings from HGSC, but not in benign samples, and demonstrated concordance with the immunostaining pattern. Identical mutations were observed in matched lesions microdissected from formalin‐fixed tissue sections.ConclusionsThe described technique enables cytologic evaluation of the fallopian tube fimbria for a diagnosis of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma, serving as a complement to histology while offering distinct advantages with respect to the procurement of cellular material for ancillary testing and research.
New viral‐genetic mapping uncovers an enrichment of corticotropin‐releasing hormone‐expressing neuronal inputs to the nucleus accumbens from stress‐related brain regions
Authors: Itoga Christy A. , Chen Yuncai , Fateri Cameron , Echeverry Paula A. , Lai Jennifer M. , Delgado Jasmine , Badhon Shapatur , Short Annabel , Baram Tallie Z. , Xu Xiangmin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCorticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) is an essential, evolutionarily‐conserved stress neuropeptide. In addition to hypothalamus, CRH is expressed in brain regions including amygdala and hippocampus where it plays crucial roles in modulating the function of circuits underlying emotion and cognition. CRH+ fibers are found in nucleus accumbens (NAc), where CRH modulates reward/motivation behaviors. CRH actions in NAc may vary by the individual's stress history, suggesting roles for CRH in neuroplasticity and adaptation of the reward circuitry. However, the origin and extent of CRH+ inputs to NAc are incompletely understood. We employed viral genetic approaches to map both global and CRH+ projection sources to NAc in mice. We injected into NAc variants of a new designer adeno‐associated virus that permits robust retrograde access to NAc‐afferent projection neurons. Cre‐dependent viruses injected into CRH‐Cre mice enabled selective mapping of CRH+ afferents. We employed anterograde AAV1‐directed axonal tracing to verify NAc CRH+ fiber projections and established the identity of genetic reporter‐labeled cells via validated antisera against native CRH. We quantified the relative contribution of CRH+ neurons to total NAc‐directed projections. Combined retrograde and anterograde tracing identified the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, basolateral amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex as principal sources of CRH+ projections to NAc. CRH+ NAc afferents were selectively enriched in NAc‐projecting brain regions involved in diverse aspects of the sensing, processing and memory of emotionally salient events. These findings suggest multiple, complex potential roles for the molecularly‐defined, CRH‐dependent circuit in modulation of reward and motivation behaviors.
Variations in the proliferative activity of the peripheral retina correlate with postnatal ocular growth in squamate reptiles
Authors: Eymann Julia , Salomies Lotta , Macrì Simone , Di‐Poï Nicolas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe retina is a complex, multilayered tissue responsible for the perception of visual stimuli from the environment. Contrary to mammals, the capacity for postnatal eye growth in fish and amphibians, and to a lower extent in birds, is coordinated with a progenitor population residing in the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) at the retinal peripheral margin. However, little is known about embryonic retinogenesis and postnatal retinal growth in squamates (lizards, snakes), despite their exceptional array of ecologies and ocular morphologies. Here, we address this gap by performing the first large‐scale study assessing both ontogenetic and adult changes in the stem/progenitor activity of the squamate peripheral retina. Our study reveals for the first time that squamates exhibit a source of proliferating progenitors persisting post embryogenesis in a newly identified retinociliary junction anteriorly adjacent to the retina. This region is strikingly similar to the vertebrate CMZ by its peripheral location and pseudostratified nature, and shares a common pattern of slow‐cycling cells, spatial differentiation gradient, and response to postnatal ocular growth. Additionally, its proliferative activity varies considerably among squamate species, in correlation with embryonic and postnatal differences in eye size and growth. Together our data indicate that squamates possess a proliferative peripheral retina that acts as a source of progenitors to compensate, at least in part, for postnatal ocular growth. Our findings also highlight the remarkable variation in activity and location of vertebrate retinal progenitors, indicating that the currently accepted scenario of reduced CMZ activity over the course of evolution is too simplistic.