bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of methods to estimate the affected body surface area and the dosage of topical treatments in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis: the advantage of a picture‐based tool
Authors: Speeckaert R. , Hoorens I. , Corthals S. , Delbaere L. , Lambert J. , Lesseliers T. , Mylle S. , Ongenae K. , De Schepper S. , De Smet L. , Speeckaert M. , van Geel N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe accurate determination of the dosage of topical treatments is important given its repercussions on patient adherence and therapeutic efficacy. Up till now, the fingertip unit calculated by the rule of hands is considered the gold standard, although its use is associated with several drawbacks.ObjectiveTo compare different methods to estimate the affected body surface area (BSA) and dosage of topical treatments in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis and investigate its reliability, user‐friendliness and timing.MethodsIn this study, we compared the reliability of three different methods: (i) the fingertip unit calculated by the 1% hand rule; (ii) a picture‐based tool [termed Cutaneous Inflammatory Disease Extent Score (CIDES)]; and (iii) a digital drawing tool. Eleven observers scored 40 patients with psoriasis and eczema to assess the inter‐rater and intrarater reliability. Timing was automatically recorded, and user‐friendliness was investigated by a questionnaire.ResultsAn excellent intraclass correlation (ICC) was found for both inter‐rater agreement and intrarater agreement for the picture‐based tool (ICC = 0.92 and ICC = 0.96, respectively). The ICCs for drawing the area of involvement on a silhouette were 0.89 and 0.93, respectively. Finally, the rule of hands was associated with an increased inter‐rater variability although an excellent intrarater agreement was found (ICC = 0.79 and 0.95, respectively). Automated calculation of the amount of topical treatment improved reliability, and CIDES was associated with the least variation. CIDES was considered the preferred method by all observers and was fast to perform (median: 30 s).ConclusionA picture‐based method offered the most advantages (in terms of reliability, speed and user‐friendliness) to estimate the affected BSA and calculate the dosage of topical treatments.
The effects of heterospecific mating frequency on the strength of cryptic reproductive barriers
Authors: Larson Erica L. , Brassil Margaret M. , Maslan Jonathan , Juárez Danielle , Lilagan Flordeliza , Tipton Hallie , Schweitzer Andrew , Skillman Joe , Monsen‐Collar Kirsten J. , Peterson Merrill A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHeterospecific mating frequency is critical to hybrid zone dynamics and can directly impact the strength of reproductive barriers and patterns of introgression. The effectiveness of post‐mating prezygotic (PMPZ) reproductive barriers, which include reduced fecundity via heterospecific matings and conspecific sperm precedence, may depend on the number, identity and order of mates. Studies ofPMPZbarriers suggest that they may be important in many systems, but whether these barriers are effective at realistic heterospecific mating frequencies has not been tested. Here, we evaluate the strength of cryptic reproductive isolation in two leaf beetles (Chrysochus auratusandC. cobaltinus) in the context of a range of heterospecific mating frequencies observed in natural populations. We found both species benefited from multiple matings, but the benefits were greater inC. cobaltinusand extended to heterospecific matings. We found thatPMPZbarriers greatly limited hybrid production byC. auratusfemales with moderate heterospecific mating frequencies, but that their effectiveness diminished at higher heterospecific mating frequencies. In contrast, there was no evidence forPMPZbarriers inC. cobaltinusfemales at any heterospecific mating frequency. We show that integrating realistic estimates of cryptic isolation with information on relative abundance and heterospecific mating frequency in the field substantially improves our understanding of the strong directional bias in F1 production previously documented in theChrysochushybrid zone. Our results demonstrate that heterospecific mating frequency is critical to understanding the impact of cryptic post‐copulatory barriers on hybrid zone structure and dynamics, and that future studies of such barriers should incorporate field‐relevant heterospecific mating frequencies.
Risk factors for a difficult intravenous access: A multicentre study comparing nurses' beliefs to evidence
Authors: Piredda Michela , Fiorini Jacopo , Facchinetti Gabriella , Biagioli Valentina , Marchetti Anna , Conti Fabio , Iacorossi Laura , Giannarelli Diana , Matarese Maria , De Marinis Maria Grazia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo summarise the evidence about patient‐related risk factors for difficult intravenous access in adults, and at identifying nurses' beliefs and their consistency with evidence.BackgroundPeripheral intravenous cannulation is a common procedure for nurses, but rates of failure at first attempt of peripheral intravenous cannulation range 10%–40%. Nurses' beliefs about difficult intravenous access factors might influence their clinical practice more than current evidence.DesignThe study included a literature review of the evidence on patient‐related risk factors for difficult intravenous access, the development of an instrument to investigate nurses' beliefs about this topic and a cross‐sectional multicentre survey on clinical nurses.MethodsThe quality of the studies included was evaluated through the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross‐Sectional Studies. A synthesis of evidence for each risk factor was produced. A survey instrument was developed including 26 risk factors, which were then rated by nurses as perceived predictors of difficult intravenous access. The STROBE guidelines for study reporting were followed.ResultsFour hundred and fifty clinical nurses working in four hospitals in Italy were surveyed. Nurses' beliefs were in line with evidence in considering body mass index, drug abuse, lymphadenectomy and chemotherapy as difficult intravenous access factors. Beliefs about difficult intravenous access factors were influenced by nurses' work experience and frequency of peripheral intravenous cannulation. Nurses also identified as risk factors for difficult intravenous access oedema, thrombophlebitis, hypovolaemia, skin lesions and irritant therapies, which have been minimally investigated by research.ConclusionsAn overall congruence between nurses' beliefs and evidence about risk factors for difficult intravenous access was found. With their expertise, nurses may fill the knowledge gap of clinical evidence and open new paths for clinically meaningful research.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses' beliefs about difficult intravenous access factors can be influenced by their work experience and clinical setting. Integrating nurses' beliefs with scientific evidence can increase the quality of care.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices related to standard precautions among nurses: A comparative study
Authors: Zhu Siyue , Kahsay Kibrom Mehari , Gui Li 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAim and objectiveTo describe and compare the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) pertaining to standard precautions (SPs) among nurses in China and Ethiopia.BackgroundSPs are guidelines for reducing the risk of transmission of blood‐borne and other pathogens in hospital settings. SPs have been widely promoted to protect healthcare workers (HCW); however, these are not fully practised worldwide, especially in resource‐constrained countries like China and Ethiopia.DesignA descriptive, cross‐sectional, comparative study was performed between February–April 2018. The study followed the “Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology” (STROBE) guideline.MethodsSelf‐administered questionnaire survey of a convenience sample of 357 nurses (237 Chinese and 120 Ethiopian nurses) from one teaching hospital each in China and Ethiopia. KAP pertaining to SPs were measured.ResultsNurses of both countries were found to have a good understanding of the concept of SPs; however, the acceptance to organisation of policies for prevention of hospital‐acquired infections (HAI) was lower in Ethiopia. Fewer medical resources in Ethiopia resulted in poorer adherence to use of personal protective equipment (PPE). The usage rate of PPE (except apron and goggles) among Ethiopian nurses was significantly lower than that among Chinese nurses.ConclusionsBoth Ethiopian and Chinese nurses showed favourable attitudes towards SPs; however, Chinese nurses reported better knowledge and practices. The organisation should strengthen formal and on‐the‐job training, implement targeted infection prevention strategies and provide adequate medical supplies to improve infection control in Ethiopia.Relevance to clinical practiceOur findings highlight some of the reasons for low compliance to SPs in both countries and potentially other similar settings. The information provided here can help develop infection prevention and control strategies for resource‐constrained countries.
Nurse‐led postdischarge telephone follow‐up calls: A mixed study systematic review
Authors: Woods Cindy E. , Jones Rikki , O’Shea Eilish , Grist Elizabeth , Wiggers John , Usher Kim 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the quantitative and qualitative literature on the impact of nurse‐led postdischarge telephone follow‐up (TFU) call interventions on patient outcomes.BackgroundAdverse patient outcomes such as postdischarge problems, premature contact with health systems, inability to self‐manage conditions and hospital readmissions all have an impact on the health and well‐being, and satisfaction of patients as well as a financial impact on healthcare systems.DesignA mixed‐study systematic review.Review methodsA systematic search of CINAHL, Ebsco, PubMed, Quest and Cinch‐Health databases was undertaken using the key terms “nurs*,” “nurse‐led,” “nurse initiated,” “discharge,” “hospital,” “telephone,” “follow‐up” and “telephone follow‐up” to identify relevant original peer‐reviewed studies published between 2010–2016. Ten articles were selected for inclusion. The selected papers were critically appraised. A sequential explanatory approach with a convergent synthesis was used to report findings following PRISMA guidelines.ResultsThe findings demonstrate that nurse‐led TFU interventions have the potential to improve patient outcomes. The studies suggest patient satisfaction with TFU is one of the strongest positive outcomes from the interventions. However, the results do not support improvement in patient readmission or mortality.ConclusionsOf the 10 studies reviewed, only two were methodologically strong limiting the conclusions that can be drawn from the current research on this topic. Telephone follow‐up interventions improve patient satisfaction and have the potential to meet patient information and communication needs, improve self‐management and follow‐up appointment attendance and reduce postdischarge problems. Further research is required to explore patients’ perceptions of the most useful content of TFU calls, the efficacy of TFU calls and nurses’ perceptions and experiences of conducting TFU interventions.Relevance to clinical practiceWhen conducted by a nurse, these interventions have the potential to enhance postdischarge care to patients and meet care needs. Patients perceive TFU as acceptable and are satisfied with this form of postdischarge care.
MiR‐455‐3p, miR‐150 and miR‐375 are aberrantly expressed in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous adenocarcinoma
Authors: Brown Amy L. , Al‐Samadi Ahmed , Sperandio Marcelo , Soares Andresa Borges , Teixeira Lucas Novaes , Martinez Elizabeth F. , Demasi Ana Paula Dias , Araújo Vera Cavalcanti , Leivo Ilmo , Salo Tuula , Passador‐Santos Fabricio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) and polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) are included among the most common salivary gland cancers. They share clinical and histological characteristics, making their diagnosis challenging in specific cases. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short, non‐coding RNA sequences of 19‐25 nucleotides in length that are involved in post‐transcriptional protein expression. They have been shown to play important roles in neoplastic and non‐neoplastic processes and have been suggested as diagnostic and prognostic markers.MethodsThis study, using quantitative RT‐PCR, investigated miR‐150, miR‐455‐3p and miR‐375 expression, in order to identify a possible molecular distinction between AdCC and PAC.ResultsmiRNA‐150 and miRNA‐375 expression was significantly decreased in AdCC and PAC compared with salivary gland tissue controls, whilst miRNA‐455‐3p showed significantly increased expression in AdCC when compared to PAC, (P < 0.05). miR‐150, miR‐357 and miR‐455‐3p expression in AdCC, PAC and control was not associated with age, gender nor with anatomic site (major and minor salivary glands) (P > 0.05).ConclusionMiR‐455‐3p could be used as a complimentary tool in the diagnosis of challenging AdCC cases.
Gender differences in clinical, laboratory and polysomnographic features of restless legs syndrome
Authors: Holzknecht Evi , Hochleitner Margarethe , Wenning Gregor K. , Högl Birgit , Stefani Ambra 
Published: June 2019

Summary
Restless legs syndrome is a common neurological disorder with a clear female predominance. This study aims to evaluate gender differences in clinical, laboratory and polysomnographic features in patients with restless legs syndrome. For this retrospective analysis, 42 women and 42 men from the Innsbruck RLS database matched by age and therapy were included. Demographic data as well as different severity scales (IRLS, RLS‐6 and CGI) were evaluated. Laboratory parameters included several indicators of serum iron status. In all patients, polysomnography was performed according to the AASM guidelines, and periodic leg movements during sleep were scored according to the AASM criteria. IRLS, RLS‐6 and CGI revealed more severe symptoms in women (IRLS median [range]: 17.5 [0–35] versus 13.5 [0–32], p = 0.028; RLS‐6 median [range]: 18 [0–39] versus 12 [1–42], p = 0.014). Women had lower serum ferritin levels than men (median [range] in μg L−1: 74 [9–346] versus 167 [15–389], p < 0.001). Twenty‐two women and eight men (53.7% versus 22.2%, p = 0.003) had ferritin values below 75 μg L−1. Periodic leg movements during sleep indices were significantly lower in women than in men (median [range] in number per hr: 11.4 [0–62.5] versus 40 [0–154], p = 0.004, and 12.6 [0–58.5] versus 40 [0.5–208], p = 0.002, for night I and night II, respectively). Restless legs syndrome severity as measured by validated scales was worse in women, while periodic leg movements during sleep indices were higher in men. These results suggest a possible gender difference in phenotypical presentation of restless legs syndrome, manifesting with predominantly sensory symptoms in women and predominantly motor symptoms in men.
Additional fibrate treatment in UDCA‐refractory PBC patients
Authors: Chung Sung Won , Lee Jeong‐Hoon , Kim Minseok Albert , Leem Galam , Kim Sun Woong , Chang Young , Lee Hyo Young , Yoon Jun Sik , Park Jun Yong , Lee Yun Bin , Cho Eun Ju , Yu Su Jong , Kim Yoon Jun , Yoon Jung‐Hwan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsThere is no proven treatment for ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)‐refractory primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) other than obeticholic acid. Although fibrates have been reported to improve biochemical parameters, the long‐term effects remain unclear. This study evaluated the effect of fibrate on clinical outcomes of UDCA‐refractory PBC.MethodsPatients whose alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was not normalized with at least 13 mg/kg of UDCA treatment for >1 year were included from two tertiary referral centres. The primary outcome was ALP normalization. Secondary outcomes included the development of cirrhosis and hepatic deterioration. Immortal time bias was adjusted using the Mantel‐Byar method.ResultsA total of 100 UDCA‐refractory PBC patients were included: 71 patients received UDCA alone (the UDCA group) and 29 patients received UDCA plus additional fibrate treatment of 160 mg/d fenofibrate or 400 mg/d bezafibrate (the fibrate/UDCA group). During the follow‐up period, the probability of ALP normalization was significantly higher in the fibrate/UDCA group (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.00, 95% confidence interval = 2.87‐8.27, P < 0.001). Among 58 non‐cirrhotic patients (43 in the UDCA group and 15 in the fibrate/UDCA group), 19 patients (44.1%) in the UDCA group and none in the fibrate/UDCA group developed cirrhosis (HR = 0.12, P = 0.04). Hepatic deterioration (Child‐Pugh score increase or signs of decompensated cirrhosis) occurred in 17 patients (23.9%) of the UDCA group and none in the fibrate/UDCA group in which the difference was significant (HR = 0.12, P = 0.04).ConclusionsIn patients with UDCA‐refractory PBC, additional fibrate treatment is associated with a higher probability of ALP normalization and a lower risk of cirrhosis development and hepatic deterioration.
Protection and skills: Does trade policy favor low‐skill workers?
Authors: Bradford Scott 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMany believe that international trade barriers in rich nations help low‐skill workers. Also, the empirical endogenous protection literature strongly implies that protection decreases with skill levels. This paper presents evidence against this conventional wisdom. Regressions based on a political economy model with search frictions and unemployment imply that protection and skill levels actually have a mound‐shaped relationship: industries with skills in the middle range get more protection than industries at either end of the distribution. Apparently, the politics of trade policy trump social concerns, rendering protection less “progressive” than is commonly believed.
Nonparametric geometric outlier detection
Authors: Heikkilä Matias 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOutlier detection is a major topic in robust statistics due to the high practical significance of anomalous observations. Many existing methods, however, either are parametric or cease to perform well when the data are far from linearly structured. In this paper, we propose a quantity, Delaunay outlyingness, that is a nonparametric outlyingness score applicable to data with complicated structure. The approach is based on a well‐known triangulation of the sample, which seems to reflect the sparsity of the pointset to different directions in a useful way. We derive results on the asymptotic behavior of Delaunay outlyingness in case of a sufficiently simple set of observations. Simulations and an application to empirical data are also discussed.
Perceived Coercion During Admission Into Psychiatric Hospitalization Increases Risk of Suicide Attempts After Discharge
Authors: Jordan Joshua T. , McNiel Dale E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThere is an elevated risk for suicide in the year following psychiatric hospitalization. The present study examined whether perceived coercion during admission into psychiatric hospitalization increases risk for postdischarge suicide attempts.MethodsParticipants were 905 psychiatric inpatients from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study that were assessed every 10 weeks during the year following discharge. Perceived coercion during admission was assessed while hospitalized, and suicide attempts were assessed following discharge. Analyses adjusted for nonrandom assignment of groups via propensity score weighting and for established correlates of postdischarge suicidal behavior.ResultsOf 905 participants, 67% endorsed perception of coercion into psychiatric hospitalization, and 168 (19%) made a postdischarge suicide attempt. Patients who perceived coercion during hospitalization admission were more likely to make a suicide attempt after discharge than those who did not, even after adjusting for established covariates (OR = 1.29, |z| = 2.87,p = .004, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.54). There was no interaction between recent self‐harm or suicidal ideation at time of admission and perceived coercion on postdischarge suicide attempts.ConclusionsPatients’ perception of the context in which they were hospitalized is associated with a small but significant increase in their likelihood of postdischarge suicide attempts.
The turn to optional familialism through the market: Long‐term care, cash‐for‐care, and caregiving policies in Europe
Authors: Le Bihan Blanche , Da Roit Barbara , Sopadzhiyan Alis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCash‐for‐care (CfC) schemes are monetary transfers to people in need of care who can use them to organize their own care arrangements. Mostly introduced in the 1990s, these schemes combine different policy objectives, as they can aim at (implicitly or explicitly) supporting informal caregivers as well as increasing user choice in long‐term care or even foster the formalization of care relations and the creation of care markets. This article explores from a comparative perspective, how CfC schemes, within broader long‐term care policies, envision, frame, and aim to condition informal care, if different models of relationships between CfC and informal care exist and how these have persisted or changed over time and into which directions. Building on the scholarly debate on familialization vs. defamilialization policies, the paper proposes an analytical framework to investigate the trajectories of seven European countries over a period of 20 years. The results show that, far from being simply instruments of supported familialism, CfC schemes have contributed to a turn towards “optional familialism through the market,” according to which families are encouraged to provide family care and are (directly or indirectly) given alternatives through the provision of market care.
Genome‐wide association study identified novel candidate loci affecting wood formation in Norway spruce
Authors: Baison John , Vidalis Amaryllis , Zhou Linghua , Chen Zhi‐Qiang , Li Zitong , Sillanpää Mikko J. , Bernhardsson Carolina , Scofield Douglas , Forsberg Nils , Grahn Thomas , Olsson Lars , Karlsson Bo , Wu Harry , Ingvarsson Pär K. , Lundqvist Sven‐Olof , Niittylä Totte , García‐Gil M Rosario 
Published: June 2019

SummaryNorway spruce is a boreal forest tree species of significant ecological and economic importance. Hence there is a strong imperative to dissect the genetics underlying important wood quality traits in the species. We performed a functional genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of 17 wood traits in Norway spruce using 178 101 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated from exome genotyping of 517 mother trees. The wood traits were defined using functional modelling of wood properties across annual growth rings. We applied aLeast Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO‐based) association mapping method using a functional multilocus mapping approach that utilizes latent traits, with a stability selection probability method as the hypothesis testing approach to determine a significant quantitative trait locus. The analysis provided 52 significantSNPs from 39 candidate genes, including genes previously implicated in wood formation and tree growth in spruce and other species. Our study represents a multilocusGWASfor complex wood traits in Norway spruce. The results advance our understanding of the genetics influencing wood traits and identifies candidate genes for future functional studies.