bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research in the Context of Increasing Colorectal Cancer Screening in Federally Qualified Health Center
Authors: Kegler Michelle C. , Liang Shuting , Weiner Bryan J. , Tu Shin Ping , Friedman Daniela B. , Glenn Beth A. , Herrmann Alison K. , Risendal Betsy , Fernandez Maria E. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo operationalize constructs from each of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains and to present psychometric properties within the context of evidence‐based approaches for promoting colorectal cancer screening in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs).MethodsData were collected from FQHC clinics across seven states. A web‐based Staff Survey and a Clinic Characteristics Survey were completed by staff and leaders (n = 277) from 59 FQHCs.ResultsInternal reliability of scales was adequate ranging from 0.62 for compatibility to 0.88 for other personal attributes (openness). Intraclass correlations for the scales indicated that 2.4 percent to 20.9 percent of the variance in scale scores occurs within clinics. Discriminant validity was adequate at the clinic level, with all correlations less than 0.75. Convergent validity was more difficult to assess given lack of hypothesized associations between factors expected to predict implementation.ConclusionsOur results move the field forward by describing initial psychometric properties of constructs across CFIR domains.
Retaining an ageing workforce: The effects of high‐performance work systems and flexible work programmes
Authors: Stirpe Luigi , Trullen Jordi , Bonache Jaime 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOlder workers make up a growing proportion of the workforce, and research on how best to manage them is being conducted accordingly. Here, we explored the employee retention payoff of high‐performance work systems (HPWS) and flexible work programmes (FWPs) when used with an older workforce. Drawing from the job demands‐resources model, we hypothesised that HPWS retention outcomes decrease as the workforce ages, whereas the retention capacity of FWPs increases. We also explored how the parallel provision of HPWS and FWPs affects workforce retention in more ageing workplaces. The results suggest that workforce age composition affects the HPWS‐retention relationship. However, the value of FWPs as retention tools does not vary significantly with workforce ageing. Furthermore, the provision of FWPs alongside HPWS appears to be a less‐than‐optimal approach to this retention. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the HRM‐performance relationship, while inspiring further research into successful age‐differentiated HR strategies.
A review of factors influencing radiologists’ visual search behaviour
Authors: Ganesan Aarthi , Alakhras Maram , Brennan Patrick C , Mello‐Thoms Claudia 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThis narrative literature review aims to identify the various factors that have significant impact on radiologists’ visual search patterns. Identifying the factors that influences readers’ visual search behaviour helps to understand their perception and interpretation of medical images, which in turn could lead to the development and implementation of effective strategies that could aid in improving the ability to detect abnormalities. Databases including PubMed, MedLine, Web of Science and ScienceDirect were searched using terms ‘visual search’, ‘eye‐tracking’, ‘radiology OR radiography’, ‘mammogram OR mammography’ published since the early 1960s until June 30, 2016. Some of the factors that have been identified to significantly influence radiologists’ visual search patterns were (i) readers’ expertise, (ii) Satisfaction of Search, (iii) readers’ visual fatigue, (iv) readers’ confidence in reporting abnormalities, (v) training received and (vi) readers’ prior knowledge. Readers’ level of expertise was the factor that has been identified to have the most significant impact on their visual search pattern. Eye‐tracking studies have shown the differences in visual search patterns of readers with different levels of experience and not so surprisingly, more experienced readers have shown effective visual search strategies. Readers’ expertise has also been found to have significant impact in their confidence in reporting abnormalities and their ability to discriminate lesions from background structures in medical images.
Stable isotope analyses as a forensic tool to monitor illegally traded African grey parrots
Authors: Alexander J. , Downs C. T. , Butler M. , Woodborne S. , Symes C. T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStable isotope analyses are a powerful tool in understanding diets, defining trophic networks, inferring geographical origins of animals and in forensic tracing of the origins of deceased humans or illegally traded animal and plant material. African grey parrots Psittacus erithacus are one of the most traded animal species in the world, and the origin of confiscated illegal or deceased specimens are often unknown. We measured stable isotope values (δ13C, δ15N and δ2H) in different African grey parrots (n = 32) and determined feather type (i.e. primary, tail, breast) standardization values for comparing individuals. δ13C and δ2H values differed between known wild (n = 42) and captive (n = 50) birds when standardized for feather type, but not for δ15N. δ13C and δ2H values in feathers from a consignment of African grey parrots (n = 100), all of which were deceased, aligned significantly with that of known wild birds. We suggest that further analyses of feathers, across a range of spatial and temporal scales, will enhance stable isotope analyses as a valuable tool in monitoring and combatting the trade of African grey parrots. Furthermore, the use of stable isotope analyses may improve the monitoring of illegally traded bird species, and other wildlife, across the globe.
Time, Waste, and the City: The Rise of the Environmental Industry
Authors: MacFarlane Key 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn many US cities, especially those in the Rust Belt, the environmental goods and services (EGS) industry has played a significant role in restructuring local economies to promote new, flexible, and “creative” forms of service‐based labour. And yet much of the environmental work conducted in these cities has been directed at an industrial past, cleaning up the waste left over from long‐departed manufacturing sectors. Returning to David Harvey's earlier work on the urban process, this paper develops a theory of waste switching that situates EGS within a larger renegotiation of space and time across city landscapes. This theory is fleshed out in case studies of the EGS industry in Baltimore, Pittsburgh, and Milwaukee, where new cycles of accumulation have been built on refuse, toxins, and dead labour. These “toxi‐cities” and their cleanup challenge traditional conceptions of urbanisation as spatially—but also temporally—bounded.
Making Space for Wind Farms: Practices of Territorial Stigmatisation in Rural Denmark
Authors: Rudolph David , Kirkegaard Julia K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhile issues of siting wind farms have often revolved around their local resistance, finding adequate locations and gaining access to land for large wind energy projects has become an increasingly significant challenge for developers, in particular in small countries with relatively mature wind energy sectors, such as Denmark. By drawing on the case of “Outskirts‐Denmark”, this paper focuses on how existing territorial stigma of rural areas is co‐produced and mobilised by wind farm developers to make space for large wind farm projects. In doing so, we demonstrate that the mobilisation of stigma through derogatory rhetoric and forecasting rural decline is used to legitimise the purchase and demolition of properties in marginalised rural areas. We then critically discuss how these developer practices produce controversies over the erosion of rural communities and are entangled in a neoliberal undermining of the planning system, revealing issues of rural energy justice.
Retinal vascular function in asymptomatic individuals with a positive family history of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Seshadri Swathi , Karimzad Said E. , Shokr Hala , Gherghel Doina 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo compare retinal microvascular function in healthy individuals with and without a positive family history (FH) of cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsRetinal vessel reactivity was assessed by means of dynamic retinal vessel analysis in 38 healthy subjects aged between 30 and 66 years with a positive FH of CVD and 37 age‐ and gender‐matched control subjects. Other assessments included blood pressure (BP) profiles, blood glucose and lipid metabolism markers, Framingham risk scores (FRS), carotid intima‐media thickness (c‐IMT) and brachial flow‐mediated dilation (FMD).ResultsFamily history‐positive subjects showed decreased retinal arterial baseline diameter fluctuation, dilation amplitude, percent dilation, and overall constriction response slope (p = 0.001; p = 0.015; p = 0.001; and p < 0.001, respectively) and increased percent constriction (p = 0.008). On the venous side, baseline‐corrected flicker response and dilation response slope were decreased in the FH‐positive group (p = 0.009 and p = 0.010, respectively). There were no significant differences between groups in c‐IMT scores or FMD parameters (all p > 0.05). The arterial MC% correlated negatively with decreased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = −0.52, p = 0.002) in only FH‐positive group.ConclusionAlthough macrovascular function is preserved in individuals with FH positive for CVD but with low FRS, there are, however, functional impairments at the retinal microvascular level that correlate with established plasma markers for cardiovascular risk.
Blue light negatively affects the survival of ARPE19 cells through an action on their mitochondria and blunted by red light
Authors: Núñez‐Álvarez Claudia , Suárez‐Barrio Carlota , del Olmo Aguado Susana , Osborne Neville N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo ascertain whether red light, known to enhance mitochondrial function, can blunt a blue light insult to ARPE19 cells in culture.MethodsSemi‐confluent ARPE19 cells cultured in 10% FBS were subjected to various regimes of treatment with blue (465–475 nm, 800 lux, 26 W/m2) and red (625–635 nm, 950 lux, 6.5 W/m2) light, as well as with toxins that inactivate specific enzymes associated with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Cultures were then analysed for cell viability (MTT assay), mitochondrial status (JC‐1), ROS formation, immunocytochemistry and the activation of specific proteins by electrophoresis/Western blotting. In addition, ARPE19 cells were cultured in polycarbonate membrane inserts in culture medium containing 1% FBS. Such cultures were exposed to cycles of red, blue or a combination of red and blue light for up to 6 weeks. Culture medium was changed and the trans‐epithelium membrane resistance (TER) of the inserts‐containing cells was measured twice weekly.ResultsARPE19 cells in culture are affected negatively when exposed to blue light. This is indicated by a loss of viability, a depolarization of their mitochondria and a stimulation of ROS. Moreover, blue light causes an up‐regulation of HO‐1 and phospho‐p‐38‐MAPK and a cleavage of apoptosis inhibitory factor, proteins which are all known to be activated during cell death. All of these negative effects of blue light are significantly blunted by the red light administered after the blue light insult in each case. ARPE19 cell loss of viability and mitochondrial potential caused by toxins that inhibit specific mitochondrial enzyme complexes was additive to an insult delivered by blue light in each case. After a time, ARPE19 cells in culture express the tight junction protein ZO‐1, which is affected by blue light. The development of tight junctions between ARPE19 cells grown in inserts reached a steady peak of resistance after about 40 days and then increased very slightly over the next 40 days when still in darkness. However, maximum resistance was significantly attenuated, when cultures were treated with cycles of blue light after the initial 40 days in the dark and counteracted significantly when the blue light cycle insult was combined with red light.ConclusionBlue light affects mitochondrial function and also the development tight junctions between ARPE19 cells, which results in a loss of cell viability. Importantly, red light delivered after a blue light insult is significantly blunted. These findings argue for the therapeutic use of red light as a noninvasive procedure to attenuate insults caused by blue light and other insults to retinal pigment epithelial cell mitochondria that are likely to occur in age‐related macular degeneration.
Development and testing of a patient‐derived questionnaire for treatment of neovascular age‐related macular degeneration: dimensions of importance in treatment of neovascular age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Jelin Elma , Wisløff Torbjørn , Moe Morten C. , Heiberg Turid 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeStudies reporting on patient perspectives during treatment of neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) are limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop and test psychometric performance of a patient‐derived questionnaire to capture important experiences during intravitreal treatment.MethodsPatients (n = 44) with at least 3‐month experience of intravitreal injection treatment for nAMD identified the dimensions of priority and also performed a weighting procedure to develop a score for comparison. The questionnaire comprised two versions: one focusing on the relative importance’ of the dimensions and one on the experience of the ‘management’ during treatment. The questionnaire was then tested for psychometric performance in a longitudinal design in newly diagnosed patients at baseline (n = 197), after three (n = 184) and six (n = 150) months of treatment.ResultsOf the 15 included dimensions, the following were most frequently reported: ‘receive treatment to preserve vision’, ‘information’, ‘waiting time’, ‘trust’ and ‘accommodating staff. The psychometric testing showed moderate reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.65–0.67) for the two versions and high level of face validity (8.3). The dimensions, ‘preserving vision’, ‘early access to treatment’, ‘pain relief’, ‘information about the treatment/diagnosis’ and ‘visual aids’ were consistently reported higher in ‘importance’ than in ‘management’, at both 3 and 6 months, indicating a potential for improvement in clinical practice for these dimensions.ConclusionThis study provides a brief patient‐derived questionnaire, expressed with a score with good psychometric performance that can be used for monitoring during intravitreal injection treatment of nAMD patients.
A strategy for OCT estimation of the optic nerve head pigment epithelium central limit‐inner limit of the retina minimal distance, PIMD‐2π
Authors: Sandberg Melin Camilla , Malmberg Filip , Söderberg Per G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo develop a semi‐automatic algorithm for estimation of pigment epithelium central limit‐inner limit of the retina minimal distance averaged over 2π radians (PIMD‐2π) and to estimate the precision of the algorithm. Further, the variances in estimates of PIMD‐2π were to be estimated in a pilot sample of glaucomatous eyes.MethodsThree‐dimensional cubes of the optic nerve head (ONH) were captured with a commercial SD‐OCT device. Raw cube data were exported for semi‐automatic segmentation. The inner limit of the retina was automatically detected. Custom software aided the delineation of the ONH pigment epithelium central limit resolved in 500 evenly distributed radii. Sources of variation in PIMD estimates were analysed with an analysis of variance.ResultsThe estimated variance for segmentations and angles was 130 μm2 and 1280 μm2, respectively. Considering averaging eight segmentations, a 95 % confidence interval for mean PIMD‐2π was estimated to 212 ± 10 μm (df = 7). The coefficient of variation for segmentation was estimated at 0.05. In the glaucomatous eyes, the within‐subject variance for captured volumes and for segmentations within volumes was 10 μm2 and 50 μm2, respectively.ConclusionThe developed semi‐automatic algorithm enables estimation of PIMD‐2π in glaucomatous eyes with relevant precision using few segmentations of each captured volume.
Prevalence of glaucoma in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort Eye Study
Authors: Karvonen Elina , Stoor Katri , Luodonpää Marja , Hägg Pasi , Kuoppala Jaana , Lintonen Timo , Ohtonen Pasi , Tuulonen Anja , Saarela Ville 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo report the prevalence of glaucoma in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort (NFBC) Eye Study.MethodsSubjects of the population‐based Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (NFBC), aged 45–49 years at the time of the field examination, were randomized to eye screening (50%) and control (50%) groups. The eye examination protocol included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), measurements of intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness, Humphrey 24‐2 perimetry, stereoscopic optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) photography and imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT), scanning laser polarimetry (GDx) and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (HRT). The diagnosis of glaucoma was made by two independent general ophthalmologists and three independent glaucoma experts based on the evaluation of the ONH and RNFL photographs and the visual fields.ResultsTotally, 10 321 subjects of the NFBC main study were alive in Finland in 2011, and they were randomized to the NFBC Eye Study group (n = 5155) and the control group (n = 5166). Of the randomized subjects, 3039 of 5155 (59%) responded and had sufficient data for the study. Glaucoma was suspected in 172 subjects (5.7%) at the first phase of the evaluation protocol. The interobserver agreement between two screening ophthalmologists was moderately good (kappa value 0.54 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.46–0.61]). Finally, definite glaucoma was found in 33 subjects (1.1% [95% CI 0.8–1.5]).ConclusionThe study provides up‐to‐date information on the prevalence of glaucoma in a middle‐aged Caucasian population in Finland. The baseline data reported here allows the evaluation of the cost‐effectiveness of screening later on.
Effects of three probiotic Bacillus on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidative capacity, serum immunity, and biochemical parameters in broilers
Authors: Gong Li , Wang Baikui , Mei Xiaoqiang , Xu Han , Qin Yan , Li Weifen , Zhou Yingshan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of three Bacillus strains on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidative capacity, serum immunity, and biochemical parameters in broilers. A total of 360 one‐day‐old Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated into four groups with three replicates per group (n = 30). The control group was fed a basal diet, whereas the other groups fed basal diet supplemented with either Bacillus subtilis natto or Bacillus licheniformis or Bacillus cereus (108 cfu/kg) for 42 days, respectively. The results revealed that the probiotic‐treated groups markedly improved final body weight, daily weight gain, and the activities of trypsin, amylase, lipase and total protease (p < 0.05). Moreover, chicks fed probiotics had higher serum glutathione peroxidase activity and O2− level, as well as hepatic catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, whereas malondialdehyde levels in serum and liver were reduced (p < 0.05). The significant increased IgA (p < 0.05) was observed in the probiotics groups as compared to the control group. In addition, dietary administration of probiotic strain markedly reduced the levels of serum ammonia, uric acid, total cholesterol, and triglyceride. Taken together, these three probiotic Bacillus showed beneficial effects on chickens with minor strain specificity.
Modelling the executive components involved in processing false belief and mechanical/intentional sequences
Authors: Tsuji Hiromi , Mitchell Peter 
Published: September 2018

To understand the executive demands of the false‐belief (FB) task relative to an alternative theory‐of‐mind (or mechanical causality) task, picture sequencing, the present study used path analyses. One hundred and sixty‐six children between 3 and 6 years old completed the FB and picture‐sequencing tasks, three executive function tasks (updating, inhibition, and shifting), and the receptive language test. The model with the best fit indicated that FB performance had a direct contribution from shifting of attention and inhibitory control, which was independent of the significant contribution made by picture sequencing. This model indicates that FB inference requires more executive processing than picture sequencing, which is used as an alternative task to measure theory of mind.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

The majority of researchers use the false‐belief task to assess mentalizing ability in young children.

Sources of information used in various different mentalizing tasks require different levels of cognitive demand.

Many executive functions (EFs) are involved in children's judgements of false belief.

What does this study add?

A statistical model was created to compare processing requirements of false‐belief and picture‐sequencing tasks.

The model supported the claim that the false‐belief task involves considerably more than just mentalizing.

Shifting the focus of attention was an EF that was found to be a key component of performance in the false‐belief task.
Training Νovice teachers to design moodle‐based units of learning using a CADMOS‐enabled learning design sprint
Authors: Boloudakis Michail , Retalis Symeon , Psaromiligkos Yannis 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNumerous research publications have mentioned the need to prepare teachers to design and enact technologically enhanced learning experiences for students, thus increasing their academic performance and their engagement when learning. This paper addresses the crucial issue of how to train pre‐service and novice teachers effectively to become good designers of Moodle‐based units of learning (UoLs), and to improve their critical thinking skills when engaging in peer‐review sessions. A teacher training professional development approach for teachers that requires trainees to elicit, depict, reflect on, share design ideas, and co‐create small UoLs in a Moodle learning management system is proposed. The training process follows the phases of the Think–Pair–Share learning strategy, and makes use of the features of the CADMOS graphic learning design editor that allows designers to see a preview of their unit of learning in Moodle. The findings of an evaluation study with 28 trainees showed that the proposed approach was easy to follow, and led to the creation of good‐quality, re‐usable designs for Moodle‐based UoLs and enhanced trainees’ design thinking skills. Transformations in the way in which the newly minted learning designers thought, acted, and reflected were observed.