bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Star Formation Efficiency in Typical Galaxies at z = 5–6
Authors: Pavesi Riccardo , Riechers Dominik A. , Faisst Andreas L. , Stacey Gordon J. , Capak Peter L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Using the Very Large Array and ALMA, we have obtained CO(2–1), [C ii], and [N ii] line emission and multiple dust continuum measurements in a sample of “normal” galaxies at z = 5–6. We report the highest-redshift detection of low-J CO emission from a Lyman break galaxy, at z ∼ 5.7. The CO line luminosity implies a massive molecular gas reservoir of (1.3 ± 0.3)(α
CO/4.5 M
⊙ (K km s−1 pc2)−1) × 1011
M
⊙, suggesting low star formation efficiency with a gas depletion timescale of order ∼1 Gyr. This efficiency is much lower than traditionally observed in z ≳ 5 starbursts, indicating that star-forming conditions in main-sequence galaxies at z ∼ 6 may be comparable to those of normal galaxies probed up to z ∼ 3 to date but with rising gas fractions across the entire redshift range. We also obtain a deep CO upper limit for a main-sequence galaxy at z ∼ 5.3 with an approximately three times lower star formation rate, perhaps implying a high α
CO conversion factor, as typically found in low-metallicity galaxies. For a sample including both CO targets, we also find faint [N ii] 205 μm emission relative to [C ii] in all but the most IR-luminous “normal” galaxies at z = 5–6, implying more intense or harder radiation fields in the ionized gas relative to lower redshift. These radiation properties suggest that low metallicity may be common in typical ∼1010
M
⊙ galaxies at z = 5–6. While a fraction of main-sequence star formation in the first billion yr may take place in conditions not dissimilar to lower redshift, lower metallicity may affect the remainder of the population.
The Roles of Mass and Environment in the Quenching of Galaxies
Authors: Contini E. , Gu Q. , Kang X. , Rhee J. , Yi S. K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We study the roles of stellar mass and environment in quenching the star formation activity of a large set of simulated galaxies by taking advantage of an analytic model coupled to the merger tree extracted from an N-body simulation. The analytic model has been set to match the evolution of the global stellar mass function since redshift z ∼ 2.3 and give reasonable predictions of the star formation history of galaxies at the same time. We find that stellar mass and environment play different roles: the star formation rate/specific star formation rate–M
* relations are independent of the environment (defined as the halo mass) at any redshift probed, 0 < z < 1.5, for both star-forming and quiescent galaxies, while the star formation rate–M
halo relation strongly depends on stellar mass in the same redshift range, for both star-forming and quiescent galaxies. Moreover, the star formation rate and the specific star formation rate are strongly dependent on stellar mass even when the distance from the cluster core is used as a proxy for the environment, rather than the halo mass. We then conclude that stellar mass is the main driver of galaxy quenching at any redshift probed in this study, not just at z > 1 as generally claimed, while the environment has a minimal role. All the physical processes linked to the environment must act on very short timescales, such that they do not influence the star formation of active galaxies, but increase the probability of a given galaxy to become quiescent.
miR-301a Regulates Inflammatory Response to Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection via Suppression of NKRF Activity
Authors: Hazra Bibhabasu , Chakraborty Surajit , Bhaskar Meenakshi , Mukherjee Sriparna , Mahadevan Anita , Basu Anirban 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMicroglia being the resident macrophage of brain provides neuroprotection following diverse microbial infections. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) invades the CNS, resulting in neuroinflammation, which turns the neuroprotective role of microglia detrimental as characterized by increased microglial activation and neuronal death. Several host factors, including microRNAs, play vital roles in regulating virus-induced inflammation. In the current study, we demonstrate that the expression of miR-301a is increased in JEV-infected microglial cells and human brain. Overexpression of miR-301a augments the JEV-induced inflammatory response, whereas inhibition of miR-301a completely reverses the effects. Mechanistically, NF-κB–repressing factor (NKRF) functioning as inhibitor of NF-κB activation is identified as a potential target of miR-301a in JEV infection. Consequently, miR-301a–mediated inhibition of NKRF enhances nuclear translocation of NF-κB, which, in turn, resulted in amplified inflammatory response. Conversely, NKRF overexpression in miR-301a–inhibited condition restores nuclear accumulation of NF-κB to a basal level. We also observed that JEV infection induces classical activation (M1) of microglia that drives the production of proinflammatory cytokines while suppressing alternative activation (M2) that could serve to dampen the inflammatory response. Furthermore, in vivo neutralization of miR-301a in mouse brain restores NKRF expression, thereby reducing inflammatory response, microglial activation, and neuronal apoptosis. Thus, our study suggests that the JEV-induced expression of miR-301a positively regulates inflammatory response by suppressing NKRF production, which might be targeted to manage viral-induced neuroinflammation.
Glucocorticoids Oppose Thymocyte Negative Selection by Inhibiting Helios and Nur77
Authors: Mittelstadt Paul R. , Taves Matthew D. , Ashwell Jonathan D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) signaling in thymocytes shapes the TCR repertoire by antagonizing thymocyte negative selection. The transcription factors Nur77 and Helios, which are upregulated in TCR-signaled thymocytes, have been implicated in negative selection. In this study, we found that GCs inhibited Helios and, to a lesser extent, Nur77 upregulation in TCR-stimulated mouse thymocytes. Inhibition was increased by GC preincubation, and reductions in mRNA were prevented by a protein synthesis inhibitor, suggesting that GCs suppress indirectly via an intermediary factor. Upregulation of Helios in TCR-stimulated thymocytes was unaffected by deletion of Nur77, indicating Nur77 and Helios are regulated independently. Whereas CD4+ thymocytes are positively selected in wild-type AND TCR-transgenic B6 mice, loss of GC receptor expression resulted in increased negative selection. Correspondingly, Helios and Nur77 levels were elevated in TCRhiCD4+CD8+ (TCR-signaled) thymocytes. Notably, deletion of Helios fully reversed this negative selection, whereas deletion of Nur77 had no effect on CD4+CD8+ cell numbers but reversed the loss of mature CD4+ thymocytes. Thus, Nur77 and Helios are GC targets that play nonredundant roles in setting the signaling threshold for thymocyte negative selection.
Hieronymus noster – mednarodni simpozij ob 1600-letnici Stridončeve smrti
Authors: Bogataj Jan Dominik 
Published: September 2019

Mednarodni simpozij ob 1600‐letnici Hieronimove smrti z naslovom Hieronymus noster se bo odvil v Ljubljani, 24.–26. oktobra 2019, v dvorani SAZU. Organizirajo ga Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti; univerze v Ljubljani, Zagrebu, Gradcu in Varšavi; Srednjeevropska univerza na Dunaju (CEU); mednarodna mreža Europa Renascens; projekt DANUBIUS (Université de Lille); in Institut des Sources chrétiennes.
A study of a two-dimensional scanned lunar image for Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) geometric calibration
Authors: Zhou Jun , Yang Hu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The NOAA-20 satellite was successfully launched on 18 November 2017. It carries five key instruments, including the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS). On 31 January 2018, the spacecraft performed a pitch-over maneuver operation, during which two-dimensional lunar scan observations were collected. In this study, a technique has been developed by which the ATMS on-orbit geometric calibration accuracy can be validated based on this lunar scan dataset. The fully calibrated data are fitted to the antenna pattern coordinates via a Gaussian function. The deviation in the center of the fit function from the origin of the frame is taken to be the boresight pointing error of the instrument. This deviation is further transformed to the Euler angle roll and pitch defined in the spacecraft coordinate system. The estimated ATMS boresight pointing Euler angle roll (pitch) is 0.05∘ (0.22∘) at K band, −0.07∘ (0.25∘) at Ka band, 0.02∘ (0.24∘) at V band, -0.07∘ (-0.08∘) at W band, and -0.04∘ (0.02∘) at G band. The results are validated by comparing them with those derived from the coastline inflection point method, showing a good correlation. For the sounding channels where the coastline method is inapplicable, the lunar scan method is still capable of delivering reasonable estimations of their geometric calibration errors.
Distribution of free-living marine nematodes in the Clarion–Clipperton Zone: implications for future deep-sea mining scenarios
Authors: Hauquier Freija , Macheriotou Lara , Bezerra Tania N. , Egho Great , Martínez Arbizu Pedro , Vanreusel Ann 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Mining of polymetallic nodules in abyssal seafloor sediments
promises to address the growing worldwide demand for metallic minerals.
Given that prospective mining operations are likely to have profound impacts
on deep seafloor communities, industrial investment has been accompanied by
scientific involvement for the assessment of baseline conditions and
provision of guidelines for environmentally sustainable mining practices. Benthic meiofaunal communities were studied in four prospective mining areas
of the Clarion–Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the eastern Pacific Ocean, arranged in
a southeast–northwest fashion coinciding with the productivity gradient in
the area. Additionally, samples were collected from the Area of Particular
Environmental Interest no. 3 (APEI-3) in the northwest of the CCZ, where mining
will be prohibited and which should serve as a “source area” for the biota
within the larger CCZ. Total densities in the 0–5 cm upper layer of the
sediment were influenced by sedimentary characteristics, water depth and
nodule density at the various sampling locations, indicating the importance
of nodules for meiofaunal standing stock. Nematodes were the most abundant meiobenthic taxon, and their assemblages
were typically dominated by a few genera (generally 2–6) accounting for
40 %–70 % of all individuals, which were also widely spread along the CCZ
and shared among all sampled license areas. However, almost half of the
communities consisted of rare genera, each contributing less than 5 % to
the overall abundances and displaying a distribution which was usually
restricted to a single license area. The same observations (dominant and
widely spread versus rare and scattered) could be made for the species of one of
the dominant genera, Halalaimus, implying that it might be mainly these rare genera
and species that will be vulnerable to mining-induced changes in their
habitat.
Enhanced Mediterranean water cycle explains increased humidity during MIS 3 in North Africa
Authors: Rogerson Mike , Dublyansky Yuri , Hoffmann Dirk L. , Luetscher Marc , Töchterle Paul , Spötl Christoph 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. We report a new fluid inclusion dataset from northeastern Libyan speleothem SC-06-01, which is the largest speleothem fluid inclusion dataset for North Africa to date. The stalagmite was sampled in Susah Cave, a low-altitude coastal site, in Cyrenaica, on the northern slope of the Jebel Al-Akhdar. Speleothem fluid inclusions from the latest Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4 and throughout MIS 3 (∼67 to ∼30 kyr BP) confirm the hypothesis that past humid periods in this region reflect westerly rainfall advected through the Atlantic storm track. However, most of this moisture was sourced from the western Mediterranean, with little direct admixture of water evaporated from the Atlantic. Moreover, we identify a second moisture source likely associated with enhanced convective rainfall within the eastern Mediterranean. The relative importance of the western and eastern moisture sources seems to differ between the humid phases recorded in SC-06-01. During humid phases forced by precession, fluid inclusions record compositions consistent with both sources, but the 52.5–50.5 kyr interval forced by obliquity reveals only a western source. This is a key result, showing that although the amount of atmospheric moisture advections changes, the structure of the atmospheric circulation over the Mediterranean does not fundamentally change during orbital cycles. Consequently, an arid belt must have been retained between the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the midlatitude winter storm corridor during MIS 3 pluvials.
Can anaerobic oxidation of methane prevent seafloor gas escape in a warming climate?
Authors: Stranne Christian , O'Regan Matt , Jakobsson Martin , Brüchert Volker , Ketzer Marcelo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Assessments of future climate-warming-induced seafloor methane (CH4)
release rarely include anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) within the
sediments. Considering that more than 90 % of the CH4 produced in
ocean sediments today is consumed by AOM, this may result in substantial
overestimations of future seafloor CH4 release. Here, we integrate a
fully coupled AOM module with a numerical hydrate model to investigate under
what conditions rapid release of CH4 can bypass AOM and result in
significant fluxes to the ocean and atmosphere. We run a number of different
model simulations for different permeabilities and maximum AOM rates. In all
simulations, a future climate warming scenario is simulated by imposing a
linear seafloor temperature increase of 3 ∘C over the first 100 years.
The results presented in this study should be seen as a first step
towards understanding AOM dynamics in relation to climate change and hydrate
dissociation. Although the model is somewhat poorly constrained, our results
indicate that vertical CH4 migration through hydraulic fractures can
result in low AOM efficiencies. Fracture flow is the predicted mode of
methane transport under warming-induced dissociation of hydrates on upper
continental slopes. Therefore, in a future climate warming scenario, AOM
might not significantly reduce methane release from marine sediments.
Stump Pyometra Secondary to Human Topical Estrogen Hormone Exposure in a Spayed Female Chihuahua
Authors: Sterman Allyson A. , Mankin Kelley Thieman , Barton Claudia L. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
A 6 yr old female spayed Chihuahua was presented for evaluation of intermittent vulvar discharge, stranguria, and vomiting. This dog had an ovariohysterectomy as a puppy and did not experience any evidence of estrous until 4.5 yr later. The owner had been using a topical hormone replacement therapy (estradiol spray) twice daily for the duration of the dog’s clinical signs of 1 yr. On presentation, the dog had truncal alopecia, comedones, enlarged vulva with a malodorous, and purulent discharge. Bloodwork showed a leukocytosis with a neutrophilia, döhle bodies, and moderate toxic changes. An abdominal ultrasound revealed an enlarged uterine stump with a thickened wall, ovoid projection cranially, and echogenic luminal contents. An exploratory laparotomy identified an enlarged cervical stump. Histopathology revealed chronic suppurative vaginitis with endometritis, necrosis, and intraluminal coccoid bacteria. The dog recovered well from surgery. A baseline estrogen level post operatively was measured at 56.4 pg/mL (&lt;50.0 pg/mL for a spayed bitch), at this time, the dog had been separated from the owner for 7 days. After surgery, the clinical signs disappeared, and the dog’s dermatologic changes improved. This is the first reported case of stump pyometra following exposure to the owner’s topical estradiol replacement medication.
Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan as a Novel, Adjunctive Therapy for Pemphigus Foliaceus in Three Dogs
Authors: Simpson Andrew , Rosychuck Rod , Schissler Jennifer , Souza Clarissa 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThree dogs who were presented with cutaneous lesions and had histopathologic findings consistent with pemphigus foliaceus were treated with injectable polysulfated glycosaminoglycan as an adjunctive to systemic immune-modulatory therapy. These patients were not adequately controlled with oral glucocorticoids in conjunction with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and/or mycophenolate. Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan contributed to induction of remission and reduced glucocorticoid doses in all dogs.
Suspected Gallbladder Torsion in a Juvenile German Shepherd Dog
Authors: Skytte Ditte , Schmökel Hugo 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
An 11 mo old intact female German shepherd dog was presented with a 1 day history of vomiting, abdominal pain, and lethargy. A complete gallbladder torsion with secondary bile leakage was diagnosed during exploratory laparotomy. The dog underwent cholecystectomy at the clearly demarcated border of the viable cystic duct and recovered with no complications. Torsion was possible as a result of the complete absence of normal connective tissue attachments to the hepatic fossa, in human medicine called a wandering gallbladder. No other abnormalities were found on complete abdominal exploration. Very few cases describe torsion of the cystic duct as a cause for extrahepatic biliary disease and secondary bile peritonitis in dogs.
Transient Fanconi Syndrome After Treatment with Firocoxib, Cefadroxil, Tramadol, and Famotidine in a Maltese
Authors: Ahn Jin-Ok , Kim Sang-Min , Song Woo-Jin , Ryu Min-Ok , Li Qiang , Chung Jin-Young , Youn Hwa-Young 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Fanconi syndrome is a renal proximal tubulopathy characterized by excessive urinary loss of glucose, amino acids, several electrolytes, and bicarbonate. Here, we report the case of transient Fanconi syndrome in a dog following administration of firocoxib, cefadroxil, tramadol, and famotidine. A 10 mo old Maltese was presented with lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, and weight loss. Transient Fanconi syndrome without azotemia was associated with firocoxib, cefadroxil, tramadol, and famotidine treatment. The dog received supportive care including IV fluids, gastroprotectants, and oral nutritional supplements. Two months after initial diagnosis and treatment, the dog showed complete resolution of glucosuria and aminoaciduria. The unique features of Fanconi syndrome in this case emphasize the potential renal tubular toxicity of this widely used multiple-drug combination.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns and Clinical Parameters in 208 Dogs with Positive Urine Cultures (2012–2014)
Authors: McGovern Diana A. , Gaschen Frédéric , Habil Dr. , Roy Alma 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTUrinary tract infections (UTI) occur commonly in dogs, and gram-negative enteric bacteria are the most prevalent pathogens. Clinical parameters, urinalysis, and urine culture and sensitivity results were retrieved from the medical records of 208 dogs with positive urine cultures over a 3 yr period at the Louisiana State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Several groups were defined including dogs presented for primary care versus referred cases; simple UTI, complicated UTI, and pyelonephritis; dogs pretreated with antimicrobials; and dogs having an indwelling catheter in place prior to sampling. Nearly 80% of dogs had complicated UTI. Of all dogs, 70% had no documented clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease (LUTD), with 68% of them showing hematuria and/or pyuria. Based on clinical signs or urinalysis, 19% of all dogs had no evidence of lower UTI. In dogs without LUTD signs the most common comorbidities were immunosuppressive treatment and severely restricted mobility (23%). Chronic recurring UTI were present in 19% of dogs with LUTD signs. Distribution of bacterial species was comparable with the existing literature and not significantly different between clinical subgroups. Isolates from dogs pretreated with antimicrobials showed decreased susceptibility to enrofloxacin. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. was moderate (29%).
Participles: Form, use and meaning
Authors: Borik Olga , Gehrke Berit 
Published: September 2019

This paper serves as an introduction to a special collection on the form, use and meaning of past passive participles used in perfect and passive constructions. We discuss various issues which later become prominent in the papers of the volume, which include morphology and participle formation, the use of past passive participles in perfect forms, as well as in verbal and adjectival passives, and the interpretation of such participles. Given that participles in general are characterised as a mixed category with verbal and adjectival properties, we devote some time to address the source of the verbal and adjectival characteristics as well as the source of stativity and eventivity in the interpretation of past passive participles.
Origin and structure of focus concord constructions in Old Japanese – a synthesis
Authors: Narrog Heiko 
Published: September 2019

This paper provides a critical analysis of the possible origins and the proposed structures of focus particle constructions with clause-final nominalized predicates in older Japanese, which form part of the so-called kakari-musubi (dependent–concluding) constructions. These constructions typically invove a focused constituent with a specific particle that corresponds to a specific nominalized predicate form. A salient feature of Old Japanese syntax, the focus concord rapidly declined from the 12th century on and are not preserved in Modern Standard Japanese. This paper first describes the structures involved, and then critically evaluates the most important interpretations that have been assigned to them. As a conclusion, a scenario by which the focus concord constructions may have evolved is proposed.
Sleep quality of Brazilian nursing students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Santos Andréia Ferreira dos , Mussi Fernanda Carneiro , Pires Cláudia Geovana da Silva , Paim Melissa Almeida Santos , Silva Fernanda Michelle Santos e , Silva Rodrigo Marques da 
Published: September 2019

Objective: To describe the sleep quality of nursing students according to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 286 nursing students from a public institution in Salvador, Bahia. Data gathering instruments were applied in classrooms and data were assessed in absolute and relative frequencies, means and standard deviation.Results: The mean age of participants was 23.48 years (SD = 4.421). Most of students were female (90.2%), single with partner (90.9%), afro descendent (87.8%), unemployed (81.5%), total Family income below than four minimum wages (47.2%), enrolled between 6th and 10th semester (54.5%), attending academic activities in two or three shifts (80.8%). Sample showed poor sleep quality (86.4%), especially due to the sleep duration, sleep disturbances and daytime disfunction.Conclusions: Poor sleep quality was prevalent in the sample, what rises the need of further analysis of the associated factors and interventions to change this reality.