bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro antimicrobial effect of metallic nanoparticles on phytopathogenic strains of crop plants
Authors: Vera‐Reyes Ileana , Esparza‐Arredondo Itandehui Juanita Erendira , Lira‐Saldivar Ricardo Hugo , Granados‐Echegoyen Carlos Alejandro , Alvarez‐Roman Rocío , Vásquez‐López Alfonso , De los Santos‐Villarreal Gladys , Díaz‐Barriga Castro Enrique 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this research, the in vitro antimicrobial effect of zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs)—with average sizes of 20, 46 and 30 nm, respectively—on the root rot disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum and on blight disease caused by the fungus Alternaria solani were studied. Also, bacterial diseases caused by Clavibacter michiganensis and Pseudomonas syringae that infects a wide range of plant species were assessed. Different concentrations of NPs (0, 100, 250, 500, 700 and 1,000 mg/L) were prepared on PDA agar or King's B medium in a complete randomized design with four replicates. According to the results, ZnO NPs exhibited an outstanding inhibitory effect against fungi and bacteria strains. The above results were associated with the smaller particle size. Fungi strains showed a differential sensitivity depending on the kind of NPs used. A. solani showed the highest sensitivity to ZnO NPs at 1,000 mg/L (99%), followed by CuO NPs at the same dose (95%). Fe2O3 NPs at all evaluated doses had no inhibitory effects on the mycelia growth of this strain, although F. oxysporum revealed greater effectiveness of the CuO NPs (96%) compared with ZnO NPs since it only inhibited 91% of the mycelial growth. The antibacterial activity was studied through optical density. C. michiganensis was found to be more sensitive to ZnO NPs because a lesser dose (700 mg/L) was required to reduce the bacterial growth (90%); in comparison, P. syringae required a dose of 1,000 mg/L to inhibit its growth (67%). CuO NPs displayed the smallest growth inhibition against the bacteria strains analysed. The antimicrobial effect of the metallic NPs that were assayed increased with higher doses.
Phylogenomic delineation of Physcomitrium (Bryophyta: Funariaceae) based on targeted sequencing of nuclear exons and their flanking regions rejects the retention of Physcomitrella, Physcomitridium and Aphanorrhegma
Authors: Medina Rafael , Johnson Matthew G. , Liu Yang , Wickett Norman J. , Shaw A. Jonathan , Goffinet Bernard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSelection on spore dispersal mechanisms in mosses is thought to shape the transformation of the sporophyte. The majority of extant mosses develop a sporangium that dehisces through the loss of an operculum, and regulates spore release through the movement of articulate teeth, the peristome, lining the capsule mouth. Such complexity was acquired by the Mesozoic Era, but was lost in some groups during subsequent diversification events, challenging the resolution of the affinities for taxa with reduced architectures. The Funariaceae are a cosmopolitan and diverse lineage of mostly annual mosses, and exhibit variable sporophyte complexities, spanning from long, exerted, operculate capsules with two rings of well‐developed teeth, to capsules immersed among maternal leaves, lacking a differentiated line of dehiscence (i.e., inoperculate) and without peristomes. The family underwent a rapid diversification, and the relationships of taxa with reduced sporophytes remain ambiguous. Here, we infer the relationships of five taxa with highly reduced sporophytes based on 648 nuclear loci (exons complemented by their flanking regions), based on inferences from concatenated data and concordance analysis of single gene trees. Physcomitrellopsis is resolved as nested within one clade of Entosthodon. Physcomitrella s. l., is resolved as a polyphyletic assemblage and, along with its putative relative Aphanorrhegma, nested within Physcomitrium. We propose a new monophyletic delineation of Physcomitrium, which accommodates species of Physcomitrella and Aphanorrhegma. The monophyly of Physcomitrium s. l. is supported by a small plurality of exons, but a majority of trees inferred from exons and their adjacent non‐coding regions.
Usage patterns of carbapenem antimicrobials in dogs and cats at a veterinary tertiary care hospital
Authors: Smith Alison , Wayne Annie S. , Fellman Claire L. , Rosenbaum Marieke H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundCarbapenems are a class of antimicrobials reserved for resistant infections or systemically ill people, yet the extent and context in which they are prescribed in the small animals is understudied.Hypothesis/ObjectiveTo describe cases in dogs and cats treated with carbapenems to establish baseline data regarding the types of infections, outcomes, and resistance profiles of target infections. We hypothesize that prescribing practices for carbapenems at a veterinary tertiary care hospital would not comply with the recommended use guidelines in human medicine.MethodsRetrospective study of veterinary medical records from all dogs and cats prescribed carbapenems between May 1, 2016, and April 30, 2017.ResultsA total of 81 infections (71 in dogs and 10 in cats) representing 68 animals (58 dogs and 10 cats) involving carbapenem use were identified. Cultures were performed in 65/81 (80%) infections, and antimicrobial use was de‐escalated or discontinued in 10/81 (12%) infections. The average duration of treatment was 27.5 days and ranged from 1 to 196 days. Resistance to more than 3 antimicrobial classes was present in 57/115 (50%) isolates. Resistance to carbapenems was found in 2/64 (3%) of the bacterial isolates with reported carbapenem susceptibility.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe majority of carbapenem use at a veterinary tertiary care hospital was prescribed in conjunction with culture and sensitivity determination, with de‐escalation performed in a minority of cases, and treatment durations longer than typically recommended in human medicine.
Hemin reduces postoperative ileus in a heme oxygenase 1‐dependent manner while dimethyl fumarate does without heme oxygenase 1‐induction
Authors: Van Dingenen Jonas , Pieters Leen , Van Nuffel Elien , Lefebvre Romain A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative ileus (POI), the impairment of gastrointestinal motility after abdominal surgery, is mainly due to intestinal muscular inflammation. Carbon monoxide (CO)‐releasing compounds were shown to exert an anti‐inflammatory effect in murine POI partially through induction of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1). The influence of hemin and dimethyl fumarate (DMF), currently used for multiple sclerosis (MS), was therefore tested in murine POI.MethodsC57BL/6J mice were anesthetized and after laparotomy, POI was induced via intestinal manipulation (IM). Animals were treated with either 30 mg kg‐1 hemin intraperitoneally (ip), 30 mg kg‐1 DMF ip, or 100 mg kg‐1 intragastrically (ig) 24 hours before IM. Intestinal transit was assessed 24 hours postoperatively and mucosa‐free muscularis or whole segments of the small intestine were stored for later analysis. Intestinal HO‐1 protein expression was studied at 6, 12, and 24 hours after administration of hemin or DMF in non‐manipulated mice.Key resultsPretreatment with hemin and DMF, both ig and ip, prevented the delayed transit seen after IM. Concomitantly, both hemin and DMF significantly reduced the increased interleukin‐6 levels and the elevated leukocyte infiltration in the muscularis. Hemin but not DMF caused a significant increase in intestinal HO‐1 protein expression and co‐administration of the HO‐1 inhibitor chromium mesoporphyrin abolished the protective effects of hemin on POI; DMF reduced the IM‐induced activation of NF‐κB and ERK 1/2.Conclusions and InferencesBoth hemin and DMF improve the delayed transit and inflammation seen in murine POI, but only hemin does so in a HO‐1‐dependent manner.
Brassinosteroid regulation of wood formation in poplar
Authors: Du Juan , Gerttula Suzanne , Li Zehua , Zhao Shu‐Tang , Liu Ying‐Li , Liu Yu , Lu Meng‐Zhu , Groover Andrew T. 
Published: May 2019

Summary

Brassinosteroids have been implicated in the differentiation of vascular cell types in herbaceous plants, but their roles during secondary growth and wood formation are not well defined.

Here we pharmacologically and genetically manipulated brassinosteroid levels in poplar trees and assayed the effects on secondary growth and wood formation, and on gene expression within stems.

Elevated brassinosteroid levels resulted in increases in secondary growth and tension wood formation, while inhibition of brassinosteroid synthesis resulted in decreased growth and secondary vascular differentiation. Analysis of gene expression showed that brassinosteroid action is positively associated with genes involved in cell differentiation and cell‐wall biosynthesis.

The results presented here show that brassinosteroids play a foundational role in the regulation of secondary growth and wood formation, in part through the regulation of cell differentiation and secondary cell wall biosynthesis.
Making Sense of the Role of Assertions
Authors: Wolf Michael P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMuch of the literature on speech acts and semantics assigns a type of theoretical priority to assertions; many philosophers assume, as Robert Brandom has put it, that assertion is the fundamental speech act. Others take a more pluralistic approach, with many categories interwoven as peers, and no one category as fundamental. I suggest there is a way to embrace a pluralistic approach and explain the importance of assertions without making them fundamental. Their role instead becomes one of supporting connections between other categories, and surprisingly, turns on their unusually broad but very thin pragmatic character.
Input trade liberalization and import switching: Evidence from Chinese firms
Authors: Tian Wei , Yu Miaojie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates how input liberalization affects firm import behavior. Using comprehensive production and trade data of Chinese firms, the paper shows that firms switch import sources from developing countries to developed countries as Chinese input tariffs fall. This finding is evident for import value and import scope. The observation holds after excluding the possible influence of reducing processing trade. The paper further demonstrates that the mechanism can be attributed to quality upgrading and innovation led by input cost reductions. The analysis handles the possible endogeneity problem, and the findings are robust and significant to different empirical methodologies and measurements.
The Role of Public Private Partnership in the Governance of Racialised Poverty in a Marginalised Rural Municipality in Hungary
Authors: Asztalos Morell Ildikó 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article explores the local governance of poverty alleviation in a marginalised Hungarian rural community, with over 50 per cent Roma inhabitants, most of whom were either unemployed or participated in public work projects. Kisbalog is among those marginalised rural communities which are characterised by increasing social polarisation and ethnic cleavages as a result of selective outmigration and a municipal leadership which negotiates access to public work along racialised notions of deservingness. Hungary follows the EU concept of public private partnerships for local governance. This article unravels the room for manoeuvre for NGOs working for poverty alleviation in the context of the racialised narratives of a paternalistic local welfare state. Utilising Young's notions of social justice it explores the complicit nature of recognitional, associative and distributional justice in order to understand the interplay in partnerships between public and private agencies. From among three types of strategies, coercive, isolated and deliberative, the last one has the potential to bring about transformative changes.
Agency in parents' fertility behaviours—Gaps in the Polish family policy system
Authors: Suwada Katarzyna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this article is to analyse the possibilities and decisions made about procreation by Polish parents in the context of the family policy system. Fertility is here understood as a result of individual decisions originating from an assessment of people's situations and potential barriers in parenting. This issue is important because Polish society is facing a severe demographic crisis due to low fertility rates. In recent years, the family policy system has been substantially reformed, yet interviews with parents indicate that these reforms do not fully address the problems, which parents have to deal with in everyday life. According to their experiences, the Polish welfare state should focus more closely on the issues of gender inequality in the household, lack of stability in the labour market, low salaries, the high cost of child rearing, and the lack of suitable housing for Polish families. The analysis is based on in‐depth interviews with Polish parents of children aged 1–7 and statistics collected by Statistics Poland, the Social Insurance Institution, and the International Social Survey Program.
Purposeful involvement of experts by experience
Authors: Winn Sarah , Lindqvist Susanne 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBackgroundThere is a growing requirement from professional bodies in the UK that health and social care education must include the voice of experts by experience (EbE). Active steps have been taken at the international level in order to truly embed their involvement. In parallel with this development, there is compounding evidence collated globally that links interprofessional education (IPE) to improved health outcomes. As the involvement of EbE plays a central role in IPE there is an increased expectation for teachers to be able to successfully involve EbE in IPE and other health education.IssueAlthough there is some guidance available to teachers on how to involve EbE in pre‐registration health and social care education, less guidance is available on how to involve EbE in complex educational interventions, such as IPE. Hence the need for faculty member development.ApproachThe Centre for Interprofessional Practice (CIPP) has involved nearly 350 EbE in a variety of IPE since 2005. This review draws on insights from the CIPP to identify a number of practice points for teachers who wish to involve EbE in IPE, or as part of education for their specific profession. The practice points are endorsed by EbE and discussed in light of initiatives and evidence reported by others in the literature. To help contextualise and make use of these practice points they were grouped according to the presage–process–product (3P) model. This article can inform faculty member development aimed at new or senior educators, and our insights are equally applicable to both uni‐ and interprofessional contexts.
A global analysis of factors impacting the intensive and extensive margins of bilateral foreign direct investment
Authors: Nguyen Anh T. N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study investigates determinants of bilateral foreign direct investment (FDI) on both margins, the extensive margin (whether to invest) and the intensive margin (how much to invest), based on the recent structural gravity model for FDI developed by Anderson et al. (Trade and investment in the global economy. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, 2017). I examine a global data set comprised of 110 countries over 9 years, 2004–12. Apart from conventional gravity variables, the source country's technology capital shows a significant and positive impact on both FDI margins. Bilateral investment treaties play a significant role only in determining the extensive margin. Results on FDI stocks and FDI flows can lead to different conclusions; thus, research should consult both types of data series to find which variables have robust effects. Furthermore, breaking down the sample by country development levels reveals that FDI from less‐developed countries (LDCs) is not affected by many common variables, and thus, there is a need to develop more theories and empirical work to investigate the FDI from LDCs in particular.
Pressure ulcer summit 2018: An interdisciplinary approach to improve our understanding of the risk of pressure‐induced tissue damage
Authors: Gould Lisa J. , Bohn Gregory , Bryant Ruth , Paine Tim , Couch Kara , Cowan Linda , McFarland Frances , Simman Richard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPressure ulcers (PrUs) affect approximately 2.5 million patients and account for 60,000 deaths annually. They are associated with an additional annual cost of $43,000 per related hospital stay and a total cost to the US health care system as high as $25 billion. Despite the implementation of national and international PrU prevention guidelines and toolkits, rates of facility‐acquired PrU s and PrUs in people with spinal cord injury are still high. A new paradigm is needed that distinguishes between prevention and treatment research methods and includes not only the causative factors of pressure and tissue deformation but also patient‐specific anatomical differences and the concomitant biological cellular processes, including reperfusion injury, toxic metabolites, ischemia, cell distortion, impaired lymphatic drainage, and impaired interstitial fluid flow that compound existing tissue damage. The purpose of this article is to summarize the highlights from the first annual Pressure Ulcer Summit held February 9–10, 2018 in Atlanta, Georgia (sponsored by the Association for the Advancement of Wound Care in partnership with multiple professional organizations). This international, interdisciplinary summit brought together key stakeholders in wound care and PrU prevention and management to highlight advances in pathophysiology of pressure‐induced tissue damage; explore challenges in current terminologies, documentation, and data collection; describe innovations in clinical care; and identify research opportunities to advance the science of PrU prevention and management.
U-Pb ages of detrital zircons in lower Permian sandstone and siltstone of the Permian Basin, west Texas, USA: Evidence of dominant Gondwanan and peri-Gondwanan sediment input to Laurentia
Authors: Liu Li , Stockli Daniel F. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Permian Basin of west Texas, one of the most economically significant hydrocarbon basins in the United States, formed along the southwest margin of Laurentia in the foreland of the Ouachita-Marathon orogen during the late Paleozoic. While its stratigraphic record temporally coincides with syn- and post-orogenic Ouachita-Marathon sedimentation, sediment provenance, sediment routing and dispersal, and paleo-drainage evolution have remained controversial. This study presents more than 2000 new detrital zircon U-Pb ages from 16 samples across the Permian Basin to elucidate early Permian sediment provenance and basin-fill evolution. The data show that Wolfcampian sandstones are dominated by 950–1070 Ma and 500–700 Ma detrital zircon U-Pb ages, whereas Leonardian sandstones and siltstones are dominated by 500–700 Ma and 280–480 Ma detrital zircon U-Pb ages. Most of these age clusters are not typical Laurentian basement ages, but rather indicative of a southern Gondwanan and peri-Gondwanan sources of Mexico and Central America. This interpretation is corroborated by zircons with peri-Gondwanan and Gondwanan rim-core relationships, as well as major age components of euhedral zircons, matching Maya block basement ages. Regional comparison of these new detrital zircon results with published data from Carboniferous and Permian sedimentary rocks in various terranes of Mexico and Central America, Appalachian foreland basins, Ouachita orogenic belt, midcontinent of United States, and Fort Worth Basin (Texas), indicates that most sediment influx to the Permian Basin during the early Permian (Wolfcampian and Leonardian) was derived from basement or recycled upper Paleozoic strata associated with Gondwanan and peri-Gondwanan terranes in modern Mexico and Central America. North American basements such as the Appalachian Grenville (950–1300 Ma), Granite-Rhyolite (1300–1500 Ma), and Yavapai-Mazatzal (1600–1800 Ma) provinces, appear to have provided only minor amounts of sediment. In light of depositional age constraints, the timing of Marathon-Ouachita collision, and careful detrital zircon U-Pb age spectra comparison, the sediment provenance shift from Wolfcampian to Leonardian points to a diachronous, oblique continent-continent collision between Gondwana/peri-Gondwanan terranes and Laurentia.
Asynchronous ventilation at 120 compared with 90 or 100 compressions per minute improves haemodynamic recovery in asphyxiated newborn piglets
Authors: Patel Sparsh , Cheung Po-Yin , Lee Tze-Fun , Pasquin Matteo P , Lu Min , O’Reilly Megan , Schmölzer Georg M 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo determine whether different chest compression (CC) rates during continuous CC with asynchronous ventilations (CCaV) reduce time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and improved haemodynamic recovery in piglets aged 24–72 hours with asphyxia-induced asystole.MethodsThirty piglets (aged 24–72 hours) were anaesthetised, intubated, instrumented and exposed to 30 min normocapnic hypoxia followed by asphyxia. Piglets were randomised into four groups: CCaV with CC rate of 90 (CCaV+90, n=8), 100 (CCaV+100, n=8) or 120 compressions per minute (CCaV+120, n=8), and a sham-operated group (n=6). Cardiac function, carotid blood flow, cerebral and renal oxygenation and respiratory parameters were continuously recorded. Cerebral cortical tissue was harvested and assayed for inflammatory and injury markers.ResultsAll three intervention groups had a similar number of piglets achieving ROSC (6/8, 5/8 and 5/8 for CCaV+120, CCaV+100 and CCaV+90, respectively) and mean ROSC time (120, 90 and 90 s for CCaV+120, CCaV+100 and CCaV+90, respectively). The haemodynamic recovery (indicated by carotid flow, cerebral and renal perfusion) was similar between CCaV+120 and sham by the end of experiment. In comparison, CCaV+90 and CCaV+100 had significantly reduced haemodynamic recovery compared with sham operated (p≤0.05). Inflammatory (interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-1β) and injury markers (lactate) were significantly higher in the frontoparietal cortex of CCaV+90 and CCaV+100 compared with sham, whereas brain injury markers were similar between CCaV+120 and sham.ConclusionsAlthough there was no difference between the groups in achieving ROSC, the haemodynamic recovery of CCaV+120 was significantly improved compared with CCaV+90 and CCaV+100, which were also associated with higher cerebral inflammatory and brain injury markers.