bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of tumor vasculature during tumor growth and antiangiogenic treatment: MRI assessment using permeability and blood volume parameters
Authors: Kim Cherry , Suh Ji‐Yeon , Heo Changhoe , Lee Chang Kyung , Shim Woo Hyun , Park Bum Woo , Cho Gyunggoo , Lee Do‐Wan , Woo Dong‐Cheol , Kim Sang‐Yeob , Kim Yun Jae , Bae Dong‐Jun , Kim Jeong Kon 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTumor heterogeneity is an important concept when assessing intratumoral variety in vascular phenotypes and responses to antiangiogenic treatment. This study explored spatiotemporal heterogeneity of vascular alterations in C6 glioma mice during tumor growth and antiangiogenic treatment on serial MR examinations (days 0, 4, and 7 from initiation of vehicle or multireceptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor administration). Transvascular permeability (TP) was quantified on dynamic‐contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) using extravascular extracellular agent (Gd‐DOTA); blood volume (BV) was estimated using intravascular T2 agent (SPION). With regard to region‐dependent variability in vascular phenotypes, the control group demonstrated higher TP in the tumor center than in the periphery, and greater BV in the tumor periphery than in the center. This distribution pattern became more apparent with tumor growth. Antiangiogenic treatment effect was regionally heterogeneous: in the tumor center, treatment significantly suppressed the increase in TP and decrease in BV (ie, typical temporal change in the control group); in the tumor periphery, treatment‐induced vascular alterations were insignificant and BV remained high. On histopathological examination, the control group showed greater CD31, VEGFR2, Ki67, and NG2 expression in the tumor periphery than in the center. After treatment, CD31 and Ki67 expression was significantly suppressed only in the tumor center, whereas VEGFR2 and α‐caspase 3 expression was decreased and NG2 expression was increased in the entire tumor. These results demonstrate that MRI can reliably depict spatial heterogeneity in tumor vascular phenotypes and antiangiogenic treatment effects. Preserved angiogenic activity (high BV on MRI and high CD31) and proliferation (high Ki67) in the tumor periphery after treatment may provide insights into the mechanism of tumor resistance to antiangiogenic treatment.
Marine sponge‐derived smenospongine preferentially eliminates breast cancer stem‐like cells via p38/AMPKα pathways
Authors: Tang Jie , Wu Wei , Yang Fan , Liu Liyun , Yang Zhen , Liu Li , Tang Weizhuo , Sun Fan , Lin Houwen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBreast cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been postulated as responsible for therapeutic failure of breast cancer. Novel agents effectively targeting breast CSCs are urging to be discovered to overcome cancer relapse and metastasis. We recently established a CSC‐like model through ectopic expression Nanog, a core pluripotency factor, in breast cancer cells and validated induced CSC‐like (MCF7‐Nanog) model acquired stem‐like properties. Using this model, we found that smenospongine (Sme), a natural sesquiterpene aminoquinone isolated from marine sponge Spongia pertusa Esper, preferentially inhibited the induced CSC‐like cells proliferation by inducing G0/G1 arrest and intrinsic apoptosis via increasing the phosphorylation level of p38 and AMPKα. Importantly, Sme exhibited the ability to abrogate CSC‐like cells associated with a downregulation of stem cell markers including Nanog, Sox2, and Bmi1. Functionally, Sme inhibited the ability of MCF7‐Nanog cells to form tumor sphere in vitro and develop tumor in vivo. Significant antitumor effects are observed in Sme‐treated mouse xenograft tumor models, with no apparent toxicity to mice. Taken together, our findings provide a CSC‐like model to identify novel CSC‐targeting drugs and identify Sme as a candidate natural agent for treatment of breast cancer.
Chemotaxonomic Considerations of the n‐Alkane Composition in Pinus heldreichii, P. nigra, and P. peuce
Authors: Nikolić Biljana M. , Mitić Zorica S. , Tešević Vele V. , Đorđević Iris Ž. , Todosijević Marina M. , Bojović Srdjan R. , Marin Petar D. 
Published: July 2018

The n‐alkane composition in the leaf cuticular waxes of natural populations of Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichii), Austrian pine (P. nigra), and Macedonian pine (P. peuce) was compared for the first time. The range of n‐alkanes was wider in P. nigra (C16 – C33) than in P. heldreichii and P. peuce (C18 – C33). Species also diverged in abundance and range of dominant n‐alkanes (P. heldreichii: C23, C27, and C25; P. nigra: C25, C27, C29, and C23; P. peuce: C29, C25, C27, and C23). Multivariate statistical analyses (PCA, DA, and CA) generally pointed out separation of populations of P. nigra from populations of P. heldreichii and P. peuce (which were, to a greater or lesser extent, separated too). However, position of these species on the basis of n‐alkane composition was in accordance neither with infrageneric classification nor with recent molecular and terpene investigations.
Lead failure in transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator: a new opportunity for an effective management
Authors: Pignalberi Carlo , Colivicchi Furio 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageIn case of transvenous defibrillator lead failure, a subcutaneous defibrillator may be implanted and the lead may be abandoned in order to avoid particular risk situations. For patients who require pacing and with an operational atrial lead, the transvenous ICD may be also maintained to ensure antibradycardia support.
A de novo derivative Y chromosome (partial Yq deletion and partial duplication of Yp and Yq) in a female with disorders of sex development
Authors: Liu Qing‐Song , Zhu Xing‐Chun , Ma Qiang , He Cheng , Shao Jian‐Lan 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageWe report an atypical disorders of sex development (DSD) case with no mutation of SYR gene but partial Yq deletion and partial duplication of Yp and Yq. This case emphasizes duplicated region Yp11.2→Yq11.223 with partial deletion of Yq11.223→Yqter most probably perturbed the sex differentiation and led to female phenotype.
A novel semi‐solidifying liquid formula via the nasogastric route to maintain enteral nutrition in the event of recurrent aspiration pneumonia: A case report
Authors: Toh Yoon Ezekiel Wong 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageRecurrent aspiration pneumonia can impede the continuation of enteral nutrition. Semi‐solid feeds have been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia but are difficult to administer via the nasogastric tube. A novel semi‐solidifying enteral formula may be used instead to avoid the occurrence of severe gastroesophageal reflux.
Layered Double Hydroxides Containing an Ionic Liquid: Ionic Conductivity and Use in Composite Anion Exchange Membranes
Authors: Pizzoferrato Roberto , Ciotta Erica , Ferrari Ivan V. , Narducci Riccardo , Pasquini Luca , Varone Alessandra , Richetta Maria , Antonaroli Simonetta , Braglia Michele , Knauth Philippe , Di Vona Maria Luisa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractZinc‐aluminum layered double hydroxide (LDH) containing an ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (BmimSO4), has been synthesized by a co‐precipitation method. This strategy enabled the intercalation of the ionic liquid (IL) into the interlamellar space of LDH with the aim of increasing the ionic conductivity and reducing its dependence on water content. Pure and IL‐intercalated LDHs have been characterized by Fourier‐Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements showed that the addition of IL enhanced the ionic conductivity of LDH by a factor of 15 at low humidity and by a factor of 9 at high humidity conditions. As a possible application, LDHs were dispersed as a guest filler in a composite anion exchange membrane (AEM) based on polysulfone‐DABCO. In this case, the addition of IL remarkably improved the ionic conductivity of the membrane from 1.0 ⋅ 10−9 to 2.4 ⋅ 10−7 S/cm at low humidity. At high humidity, the membranes reached a conductivity of 25 mS/cm at 25 °C in OH form. Stability tests of composite AEM confirmed the positive effect of LDH nanoparticles.
One‐Step Controllable Synthesis of Mesoporous MgCo2O4 Nanosheet Arrays with Ethanol on Nickel Foam as an Advanced Electrode Material for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Teng Yifei , Li Yingdi , Zhang Ziqing , Yu Deyang , Feng Yi , Meng Yanan , Tong Wenming , Wu Yunpeng , Zhao Xudong , Liu Xiaoyang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn recent years, ternary transition metal oxides (TTMOs), especially spinel type TTMOs have attracted widespread attention as promising candidates for electrode materials. Among all of the popular TTMOs, MgCo2O4 is an outstanding one, owing to its superior theoretical capacitance. In this work, MgCo2O4 nanosheet arrays (NSAs) grown directly on nickel foams were fabricated through a facile hydrothermal process at 120 °C for 4 h. With a series of structural and morphological characterization techniques, it was found that the ethanol played a key role in controlling the composition and morphology during the synthesis process. The MgCo2O4 NSAs exhibited a superior specific capacitance of 853.06 C g−1 (at 1 mA cm−2) and enhanced cycling performance, with 94.65 % of initial capacitance retained after 3000 cycles when used as a binder‐free integrated electrode for electrochemical supercapacitors; much higher than other reported data for MgCo2O4 as well. The excellent electrochemical properties mainly came from the unique morphology of the MgCo2O4 NSAs. This study will demonstrate the applications of MgCo2O4 NSAs based large‐scale supercapacitors grown on low‐cost nickel foams.
Mono‐ and Bisionic Mo‐ and W‐Based Schrock Catalysts for Biphasic Olefin Metathesis Reactions in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Schowner Roman , Elser Iris , Toth Florian , Robe Emmanuel , Frey Wolfgang , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn extensive series of the first ionic Mo‐ and W‐based Schrock‐type catalysts based on pyridinium and phosphonium tagged aryloxide ligands were prepared. Bisionic complexes of the general formula Mo(Imido)(CHR)(OR′)2(OTf)2 and monoionic monoaryloxide pyrrolide (pyr) (MAP‐type) catalysts [M(Imido)(CHR)(OR′)(pyr)+][A−] were successfully employed and tested in various olefin metathesis benchmark reactions under both, homogeneous and biphasic conditions using pyrrole and, for the first time with Schrock‐type catalysts, ionic liquids as the polar phase. Productivities under biphasic conditions up to several thousand turn overs were achieved and are comparable to those obtained in reactions carried out in chlorobenzene or toluene. Metal contamination in the nonpolar product‐containing heptane phase was <2 ppm.
Synthesis of Block Copolymers of 2‐Ethylhexyl Methacrylate, n‐Hexyl Methacrylate and Methyl Methacrylate via Anionic Polymerization at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Zou Guijin , Zheng Anna , Wei Dafu , Li Zheng , Su Ling , Zhang Tongyuan , Xu Xiang , Guan Yong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIt still remains a concern to break through the bottlenecks of anionic polymerization of polar monomers, such as side reactions, low conversion and low temperature (–78°C). In this work, potassium tert‐butoxide (t‐BuOK) was chosen to initiate the anionic polymerization of 2‐ethylhexyl methacrylate (EHMA) in tetrahydrofuran. The conversions were above 99% at 0 or 30°C, and above 95% at 60°C without side reaction inhibitors. The high conversions implied t‐BuOK could suppress the side reactions. A series of block copolymers of EHMA, n‐hexyl methacrylate (HMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were further synthesized at 0°C, and the conversions were all above 99%. The GPC and 1H NMR results confirmed the successful synthesis of the block copolymers. The molecular size of monomer and the state of t‐BuOK (free ion pairs or aggregates) remarkably affected the polymerization rates and the molecular structures of the products. The DMA results indicated that the glass transition temperatures of PEHMA or PHMA block and PMMA block were 20°C and 60°C, respectively, which deviated from –2°C and 105°C of homopolymer, respectively, due to the partial compatibility of the blocks. This work explored a route of the anionic polymerization of polar monomers at room temperature.
Conversion of Lignin Models by Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Jian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOne prominent goal of 21st century research is to develop a sustainable carbon‐neutral biorefinery. Lignin is an important component of lignocellulosic biomass; however, it is currently underutilized owing to its highly cross‐linked, complex, and randomly polymerized composition, which poses a significant challenge to its depolymerization and valorization. Chemical catalytic approaches based on transition metals represent the primary research area to drive degradation reactions. Recently, alternative photocatalytic strategies that employ sustainable solar energy to initiate the transformation of lignin have started to emerge. This Concept article examines new developments of photocatalyzed reactions and provides insight into C−O and C−C bond‐cleavage reactions of lignin models in both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.
Anti‐inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of tilifodiolide, isolated from Salvia tiliifolia Vahl (Lamiaceae)
Authors: González‐Chávez Marco Martin , Alonso‐Castro Angel Josabad , Zapata‐Morales Juan Ramón , Arana‐Argáez Víctor , Torres‐Romero Julio Cesar , Medina‐Rivera Yessica Elisa , Sánchez‐Mendoza Ernesto , Pérez‐Gutiérrez Salud 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSalvia tiliifolia Vahl (Lamiaceae) is used for the empirical treatment of pain and inflammation. The diterpenoid tilifodiolide (TFD) was isolated from Salvia tiliifolia. The in vitro anti‐inflammatory effects of TFD (0.1–200 µM) were assessed using murine macrophages stimulated with LPS and estimating the levels of pro‐inflammatory mediators for 48 h. The in vivo anti‐inflammatory activity of TFD was assessed using the carrageenan‐induced paw edema test for 6 h. The antinociceptive effects of TFD were evaluated using the formalin test and the acetic acid induced‐writhing test. The effects of TFD on locomotor activity were assessed using the open field test and the rotarod test. TFD inhibited the production of TNF‐α (IC50 = 5.66 µM) and IL‐6 (IC50 = 1.21 µM) in macrophages. TFD (200 mg/kg) showed anti‐inflammatory effects with similar activity compared to 10 mg/kg indomethacin. The administration of TFD induced antinociception in the phase 1 (ED50 = 48.2 mg/kg) and the phase 2 (ED50 = 28.9 mg/kg) of the formalin test. In the acetic acid assay, TFD showed antinociceptive effects (ED50 = 32.3 mg/kg) with similar potency compared to naproxen (ED50 = 36.2 mg/kg). In the presence of different inhibitors in the acetic acid assay, only the co‐administration of TFD and naloxone reverted the antinociceptive activity shown by TFD alone. TFD did not affect locomotor activity in mice. TFD exerts in vitro and in vivo anti‐inflammatory activity and in vivo antinociceptive effects.
Flower preferences and pollen transport networks for cavity‐nesting solitary bees: Implications for the design of agri‐environment schemes
Authors: Gresty Catherine E. A. , Clare Elizabeth , Devey Dion S. , Cowan Robyn S. , Csiba Laszlo , Malakasi Panagiota , Lewis Owen T. , Willis Katherine J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFloral foraging resources are valuable for pollinator conservation on farmland, and their provision is encouraged by agri‐environment schemes in many countries. Across Europe, wildflower seed mixtures are widely sown on farmland to encourage pollinators, but the extent to which key pollinator groups such as solitary bees exploit and benefit from these resources is unclear. We used high‐throughput sequencing of 164 pollen samples extracted from the brood cells of six common cavity‐nesting solitary bee species (Osmia bicornis, Osmia caerulescens, Megachile versicolor, Megachile ligniseca, Megachile centuncularis and Hylaeus confusus) which are widely distributed across the UK and Europe. We documented their pollen use across 19 farms in southern England, UK, revealing their forage plants and examining the structure of their pollen transport networks. Of the 32 plant species included currently in sown wildflower mixes, 15 were recorded as present within close foraging range of the bees on the study farms, but only Ranunculus acris L. was identified within the pollen samples. Rosa canina L. was the most commonly found of the 23 plant species identified in the pollen samples, suggesting that, in addition to providing a nesting resource for Megachile leafcutter bees, it may be an important forage plant for these species. Higher levels of connectance and nestedness were characteristic of pollen transport networks on farms with abundant floral resources, which may increase resilience to species loss. Our data suggest that plant species promoted currently by agri‐environment schemes are not optimal for solitary bee foraging. If a diverse community of pollinators is to be supported on UK and European farmland, additional species such as R. canina should be encouraged to meet the foraging requirements of solitary bees.
Reproducibility of quantitative sensory testing applied to musculoskeletal orofacial region: Site and sex differences
Authors: Costa Y.M. , de Araújo‐Júnior E.N.S. , Fiedler L. S. , de Souza P.R.J. , Silva L.L.C.P. , Ferreira D.M.A.O. , Conti P.C.R. , Bonjardim L.R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study estimated the inter‐rater reliability and agreement of the somatosensory assessment performed at masseter and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region in a group of healthy female and male participants.MethodsForty healthy participants (20 men and 20 women) were evaluated in two sessions by two different examiners. Cold detection threshold (CDT), warm detection threshold (WDT), thermal sensory limen (TSL), cold pain threshold (CPT), heat pain threshold (HPT), mechanical detection threshold (MDT), mechanical pain threshold (MPT), wind‐up ratio (WUR) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) were assessed on the skin overlying TMJ and masseter body. Mixed ANOVA, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were applied to the data (α = 5%). Nonoverlapping 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of ICCs were considered significantly different.ResultsThe ICCs of 77% of all quantitative sensory testing (QST) measurements were considered fair to excellent (ICCs: 0.47–0.97), and WUR presented the lowest values. The reliability of WDT, TSL and HPT of masseter was significantly higher than TMJ, whereas the MDT reliability of TMJ was higher than masseter. In addition, the following combination of test/sites presented significantly lower ICCs for women: HPT, MDT of TMJ and MPT of both TMJ and masseter. Finally, the highest SEM values were presented for CPT and MPT.ConclusionThe overall somatosensory assessment of the masticatory structures performed by two examiners can be considered sufficiently reliable to discriminate participants, except WUR. Possible site and sex influences on the reproducibility parameters should be taken into account for an appropriate interpretation and clinical application of QST.SignificanceThe test site and participant's sex can significantly influence the relative reliability and agreement of quantitative sensory testing applied to musculoskeletal orofacial region, which affect the capacity to discriminate participants and to evaluate changes over time.
A localized artificial diffusivity method to simulate compressible multiphase flows using the stiffened gas equation of state
Authors: Aslani Mohamad , Regele Jonathan D. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe development of numerical approaches to perform direct numerical simulations of compressible multiphase flows has been an active field of research for several years. Proper treatment of fluid interfaces is crucial as important physics occur in this infinitesimally small region. Furthermore, the compressibility of the fluid requires proper treatment of discontinuities. Artificial diffusivity is among a number of methods widely used for compressible flows. This study develops a general form of consistent artificial diffusion fluxes and extends the localized artificial diffusivity method for high‐order central schemes to solve multiphase flows with an interface‐capturing method. These fluxes ensure an oscillation‐free interface for pressure, velocity, and temperature without employing a sharpening technique. Moreover, the high‐order representation of all scales in the flow helps capture the wide range of instabilities inherent in these flows. The goal is to develop an approach capable of performing high‐fidelity simulations supported by physics‐driven validation. This is achieved by solving the five‐equation model with the stiffened‐gas equation of state using the proposed method for multicomponent and multiphase flows on a variety of 1D and 2D problems.
Assessment of age‐related differences in smoking status and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL): Findings from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Authors: Dube Shanta R. , Liu Jin , Fan Amy Z. , Meltzer Martin I. , Thompson William W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDespite significant declines in the use of cigarettes, a significant proportion of adults smoke. This study explores the association between smoking and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) by age. The 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey was administered to adults in 50 states and District of Columbia (n = 437,195). Physically unhealthy days (PUDs) and mentally unhealthy days (MUDs)) were regressed on age strata (18–24, 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, ≥ 65 years) and smoking status (never, former, someday, and everyday) using negative binomial regression models with adjustment for sociodemographic covariates. For each age group, everyday smoking highly predicted PUDs and MUDs. Predicted PUDs increased with age; predicted MUDs decreased with age. Among adults aged 45–54 and 55–64 years, 3‐day difference in PUDs was observed between never smokers and everyday smokers. Among young adults (18–24 years), a 4.3‐day difference in MUDs was observed between everyday and never smokers. The discrepancies were nonlinear with age. The observed relationship between smoking and HRQoL provides novel information about the need to consider age when designing community‐based interventions. Additional research can provide needed depth to understanding the relationship between smoking and HRQoL in specific age groups.
Gas‐phase protomers of p‐(dimethylamino)chalcone investigated by travelling‐wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIMS)
Authors: Erabelli Ramu , Xu Sihang , Attygalle Athula B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractResults from ion‐mobility (IM) separation experiments demonstrate that O‐ and N‐protomers of p‐(dimethylamino)chalcone (p‐DMAC) can coexist in the gas phase. The relative populations of the two protomers strongly depend on the ion‐generating settings and the conditions the precursor ions experience from the point of their gas‐phase inception to the time of their detection. Under relatively dry source conditions, the ratio of the gas‐phase protomers generated under helium‐plasma ionization (HePI) conditions is biased towards the thermodynamically favored O‐protomer. However, when the humidity of the enclosed ion source was increased, the IM arrival‐time distribution profile of the mass‐selected protonated precursor of p‐DMAC changed rapidly to one dominated by the N‐protomer. Under spray‐ionization conditions, the formation of the thermodynamically less favored protomer has been generally attributed to a phenomenon called kinetic trapping. Herein, we demonstrate that the population of thermodynamically less favored N‐protomer can be dramatically increased simply by introducing water vapor to the HePI ion source.