bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Range Chirality Recognition of a Polar Molecule on Au(111)
Authors: Kong Huihui , Qian Yinyue , Liu Xinbang , Wan Xinling , Amirjalayer Saeed , Fuchs Harald 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChiral molecular self‐assemblies were usually achieved using short‐range intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen‐, metal–organic, and covalent bonding. However, unavoidable surface defects, such as step edges, surface reconstructions, or site dislocations may limit the applicability of short‐range chirality recognition. Long‐range chirality recognition on surfaces would be an appealing but challenging strategy for chiral reservation across surface defects at long distances. Now, long‐range chirality recognition is presented between neighboring 3‐bromo‐naphthalen‐2‐ol (BNOL) stripes on an inert Au(111) surface across the herringbone reconstruction as investigated by STM and DFT calculations. The key to achieving such recognition is the herringbone reconstruction‐induced local dipole accumulation at the edges of the BNOL stripes. The neighboring stripes are then forced to adopt the same chirality to create the opposite edged dipoles and neutralize the neighbored dipole moments.
Unraveling Dual Aggregation‐Induced Emission Behavior in Steric‐Hindrance Photochromic System for Super Resolution Imaging
Authors: Yang Hong , Li Mengqi , Li Chong , Luo Qianfu , Zhu Ming‐Qiang , Tian He , Zhu Wei‐Hong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUnprecedented dual aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) behavior based on a steric‐hindrance photochromic system is presented, with incorporation one or two bulky aryl groups, resulting in different flexibleness. The dual AIE behavior of open and closed isomers can be explained by restriction of intramolecular rotation (RIR), restriction of intramolecular vibration (RIV), and intermolecular stacking. The large bulky benzothiophene causes restricted rotation, enhancing the emission of open form in solution and weak π–π molecular packing, thereby efficiently enhancing the luminescence performance in the solid state. With incorporation of two large bulky benzothiophene groups, BBTE possesses the most outstanding AIE activity, undergoing highly efficient and reversible off‐to‐on fluorescence in film upon alternating UV and visible light irradiation along with excellent fatigue resistance. The off‐to‐on fluorescent photoswitch is successfully established in super resolution imaging.
A Reaction‐Based Fluorescent Probe for Imaging of Native Hypochlorous Acid
Authors: Wang Jiamin , Men Yuhui , Niu Linqiang , Luo Yang , Zhang Jian , Zhao Weili , Wang Jianhong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHypochlorous acid (HOCl), one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), is highly reactive and short‐lived. It is a challenge to dynamic monitor HOCl activity in living systems. Hence, we synthesized a new fluoresce nt probe RF1 based on protection of the hydroxyl group by N,N‐dimethylthiocarbamate recognition group, which reached a low fluorescence background signal and highly sensitive property. On account of the electrophilic addition of Cl+ to the sulfide of thiocarbamate moiety, probe RF1 was converted to resorufin and triggered emitting bright. RF1 showed not only the highly sensitive and selective response to HOCl in vitro, but also can be applied in environmental water samples and detected HOCl by test strips. Besides, the ability of RF1 monitoring HOCl in HeLa cells by exogenous simulation and tracing native HOCl in macrophages cells were also explored.
Vapour‐Phase Epitaxial Growth of Dual‐Colour‐Emitting DCM‐Perylene Micro‐Heterostructure Optical Waveguides
Authors: Pradeep Vuppu Vinay , Annadhasan Mari , Chandrasekar Rajadurai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOrganic micro‐heterostructures (MHS) with dual optical emissions are essential to produce miniaturized optical waveguides for wavelength division multiplexing technologies. The bimolecular MHS produced by solution‐based bottom‐up self‐assembly technique often leads to poor surface smoothness, edge imperfection, defects, and unwanted thin films deposits. Conversely, sequential sublimation technique at ambient pressure facilitates effective integration of α‐perylene micro‐square with dicyanomethylene‐2‐methyl‐6‐(p‐dimethylaminostyryl) 4H‐pyran (DCM) microrods in an epitaxial manner to produce MHS. The obtained DCM/perylene MHS act as optical waveguides to produce red (λmax≈670 nm) or/and yellow (λmax≈607 nm) dual optical outputs via an energy transfer mechanism depending upon the heterostructures geometry and optical excitation positions. The presented dual‐color emitting MHS optical waveguides are essential for the integrated nano‐photonic and optoelectronic device structures.
Biobutanol production from sulfuric acid‐pretreated red algal biomass by a newly isolated Clostridium sp. strain WK
Authors: Hong Ying , Chen Chaoyang , Wu Yi‐Rui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMarine biomass, especially the algal biomass, is currently considered to be one of the most potential candidates for biofuels conversion during the development of biomass utilization. In this study, a diluted sulfuric acid pretreatment method was established for biobutanol from red algal biomass Gelidium amansii using a newly isolated Clostridium sp. strain WK. Under the optimal condition of 2% sulfuric acid treated in 20 Min at 131 °C, the maximal hydrolysis percentage of biomass can reach up to 80.95%, and the biobutanol production was obtained to be 3.46 g/L with a yield of 0.20 g/g after the fermentation of biomass hydrolysate. This result demonstrated a 12.5‐fold enhancement of conversion efficiency compared with the untreated control, which provides a new and efficient way to develop the biobutanol industry by utilizing the abundant, low cost, and carbohydrate‐rich algal biomass.
Stakeholder engagement as a dynamic capability
Authors: Panda Swapna Sonali , Sangle Shirish 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHow can some firms gain and manage competitive advantage over their peers? In a dynamic scenario, what makes a firm stand out from its competitors? This paper attempts to answer these questions by taking a dynamic capability lens and proposing that stakeholder engagement is a key reason for a firm to attain competitive advantage. This paper attempts to explain how and why stakeholder engagement is a dynamic capability by establishing (a) stakeholders as a resource, (b) capability required to explore this resource, and (c) dynamics of the firm–stakeholder relationship. Finally, this paper describes the four different strategies adopted by the firm, namely, reactive, defensive, accommodative, and proactive, and recommends the suitable stakeholder engagement techniques for each of these strategies.
VR‐OCKS: A virtual reality game for learning the basic concepts of programming
Authors: Segura Rafael J. , del Pino Francisco J. , Ogáyar Carlos J. , Rueda Antonio J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a prototype of a virtual reality (VR) system to teach the basic concepts of programming called VR‐OCKS. The system is inspired by other visual languages such as Scratch or Kodu, and it works by proposing to the user the resolution of simple puzzles in a 3D environment. Several basic commands to a humanoid character, such as advance or turn, together with control flow structures like iteration and conditional selections, are needed to provide a solution for increasingly difficult challenges. Our aim is to attract users, usually children and teenagers, into the world of programming by taking advantage of the appeal and potential of VR. The use of VR‐OCKS strengthened the spatial orientation and autonomy of the users, in addition to enhancing common sense, creative thinking, and systematic reasoning. In our experiments, VR‐OCKS was accepted by adults and children alike and it showed great potential as an educational tool.
Hypofractionated carbon‐ion radiotherapy for stage I peripheral nonsmall cell lung cancer (GUNMA0701): Prospective phase II study
Authors: Saitoh Jun‐ichi , Shirai Katsuyuki , Mizukami Tatsuji , Abe Takanori , Ebara Takeshi , Ohno Tatsuya , Minato Koichi , Saito Ryusei , Yamada Masanobu , Nakano Takashi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis phase II study's aim was to confirm the efficacy and safety of hypofractionated carbon‐ion radiotherapy in patients with stage I peripheral nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The study encompassed 37 patients with histologically proven peripheral stage I NSCLC in the period June 2010‐March 2015. All underwent the planned full dose of carbon‐ion radiotherapy, administered with relative biological effectiveness of 52.8 Gy and 60 Gy (divided into four fractions over 1 week) for T1 and T2a tumors, respectively. The 2‐year local control rate was set as the primary endpoint, while overall survival, progression‐free survival, and the incidence rates of acute and late adverse events were secondary endpoints. The patients were followed up for 56.3 months overall and 62.2 months in the surviving patients, respectively. The actuarial local control rates were 91.2% after 2 years, and 88.1% after 5 years. No differences were found between the T1 and T2a tumors in the 5‐year local control rate (90.9% vs 86.7%, P = .75). The actuarial overall survival rates achieved 91.9% for 2‐year and 74.9% for 5‐year period. T1 tumors showed actuarial 5‐year overall survival rates of 80%, compared to 66.7% in T2a tumors. Two patients with T2a tumors and either severe emphysema or bronchiectasis experienced lung toxicity ≥ grade 2, in contrast to T1 patients who only experienced mild toxicities (lower than grade 2). The findings suggest that carbon‐ion radiotherapy is effective and safe for peripheral stage I NSCLC; however, further clinical evaluations are needed to confirm its therapeutic efficacy.Trial registration: UMIN000003797. Registered 21 June 2010, prospectively registered.
Epigallocatechin Exerts Anti‐Obesity Effect in Brown Adipose Tissue
Authors: Kim Hae‐Soo , Moon Jae‐Hak , Kim Young‐Min , Huh Joo‐Young 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCatechins in green tea are well‐known to be effective in reducing the risk of obesity. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of catechins present in green tea on adipocyte differentiation and mature adipocyte metabolism. Treatment of 3T3‐L1 mouse adipocyte during differentiation adipocytes with (−)‐epigallocatechin (EGC) and gallic acid (GA) resulted in dose‐dependent inhibition of adipogenesis. Specifically, EGC increased adiponectin and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) transcription in mature adipocytes. Transcription levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) were not significantly impacted by either of the compounds. These results suggest that the EGC is the most effective catechin having anti‐obesity activity. Finally, EGC is an attractive candidate component for remodeling obesity.
Overcoming Work‐Up Limitations of Biphasic Biocatalytic Reaction Mixtures Through Liquid‐Liquid Segmented Flow Processes
Authors: Adebar Niklas , Choi Ji Eun , Schober Lukas , Miyake Ryoma , Iura Takanobu , Kawabata Hiroshi , Gröger Harald 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBiphasic biocatalytic reactions have gained much attention in the field of enzyme‐catalysed synthesis. As most components being of relevance for the pharmaceutical industry are hydrophobic, often biphasic reaction media turned out to be the solvent system of choice. However, in spite of successful reaction courses practical difficulties in the downstream‐processing, in particular extremely difficult phase separations due to emulsification and precipitation, represent a challenge to overcome in process development. In this work, we report our studies on the benefits of a simple flow set‐up being capable to minimise such work‐up limitations. In detail, a segmented flow system based on a biphasic MTBE/buffer mixture was successfully applied for two types of enzymatic reductions of a hydrophobic ketone in the presence of an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) as an enzyme class being known for their excellent enantioselectivity and successful utilization in the synthesis of a range of active pharmaceutical ingredients. The applicability of this flow system was demonstrated with two different enzymes as well as different substrates. Besides an ADH from Lactobacillus brevis, an ADH from Ogatea minuta was utilized for the reduction of acetophenone and 2,2,2‐trifluoroacetophenone, respectively.
Activation of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase Bioelectrocatalysis by Carbon Nanoparticles
Authors: Jensen Uffe Bjørnholt , Mohammad‐Beigi Hossein , Shipovskov Stepan , Sutherland Duncan S. , Ferapontova Elena E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProtein‐nanoparticle (NP) interactions offer a powerful tool to modulate enzymatic activity and activate biocatalysis. However, strong scattering effects may complicate conventional spectrophotometric studies of NP‐assisted biocatalysis. Here, bioelectrocatalytic oxidation of cellobiose by the Humicola insolens cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) was electrochemically interrogated with two redox mediators, ferricyanide and cytochrome c, and two types of carbon NPs (CNPs), unmodified (CNP) and negatively charged 4‐sulfophenyl‐modified (CNP‐) ones. We show that both CNPs activate the bioelectrocatalytic oxidation of cellobiose and improve the enzymatic specificity reflected in the kf/KM relationship of 6680 (no CNPs), 15500 (CNP‐) and 10444 M−1 s−1 (CNP) shown for ferricyanide‐mediated and 1262 (no CNPs), 3630 (CNP‐), and 6375 M−1 s−1 (CNP) for cytochrome c‐mediated reactions. The bioelectrocatalysis activation by CNPs apparently results from the interfacial/conformational regulation of the CDH activity and the CDH‐electron acceptor reactivity, which may also be the case of other nanomaterials such as frequently used in bioelectrochemistry carbon nanotubes.
Flexible Solid‐State Symmetric Supercapacitors Using HxWO3@Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite with High Volumetric Energy and Power Densities
Authors: Mandal Debasish , Routh Parimal , Mahato Ashok K. , Nandi Arun K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe have synthesized hydrogen tungsten oxide decorated reduced graphene oxide (HxWO3@rGO) composite with different precursor weight ratios of WS2 and GO, of which the WG1‐2 system, produced from WS2 and GO in the 1 : 2 weight ratio by treatment with hydrogen peroxide followed by hydrothermal treatment, shows high areal capacitance of 409 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 current density with retention of 61.4 % at 20 mA cm−2 current density. This HxWO3@rGO composite is drop‐cast onto graphite layer‐coated on scotch tape to design a flexible supercapacitor. The flexible solid‐state symmetric supercapacitor based on the WG1‐2 composite shows a high volumetric capacitance of 3.56 F cm−3 and ultrahigh energy density of 1.6 mW h cm−3 at 1469.43 mW cm−3 power density.
Application of Electrochemical Processes to Classical Iodocyclisation: Utility for Selectivity and Mechanistic Insight
Authors: Li Diyuan , Seavill Peter W. , Wilden Jonathan D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe hazards and difficulties of handling elemental halogens such as I2 can be circumvented through the electrochemical generation of these species in situ and ‘on‐demand’. Advantages of this approach include the halogen being introduced into the reaction mixture at a steady rate, ensuring low concentrations to prevent halogenation of reactive aromatic rings. We also demonstrate that the Lewis acid required to promote this reaction, a Zn(II) salt, can also be generated in situ from a zinc‐coated graphite electrode in a clean and energy‐efficient manner. Mechanistic studies indicate an unusual pathway, which provides selectivity for the iodocyclisation without the often‐problematic electrophilic aromatic iodination of the aryl ring.
Accelerated Photo‐Induced Degradation of Benzidine‐p‐Aminothiophenolate Immobilized at Light‐Enhancing TiO2 Nanotube Electrodes
Authors: Querebillo Christine Joy , Öner Ibrahim Halil , Hildebrandt Peter , Ly Khoa Hoang , Weidinger Inez M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHerein, the enhanced visible‐light‐induced degradation of the azo‐dye benzidine‐p‐aminothiophenolate immobilized on TiO2 nanotube electrodes is reported. Exploiting the reported photonic properties of the TiO2 support and the strong electronic absorption of the dye allowed for employing surface‐enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy at 413 nm to simultaneously trigger the photoreaction and follow the time‐dependent decay process. Degradation rate constants of up to 25 s−1 were observed, which stand among the highest reported values for laser‐induced degradation of immobilized dyes on photonically active supports. Contrast experiments with two differently light‐enhancing TiO2 nanotube electrodes establish the direct correlation of the material's optical response, that is, electromagnetic field enhancement, on the interfacial photocatalytic reaction.
Perylene‐Grafted Silicas: Mechanistic Study and Applications in Heterogeneous Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Carrillo Adela I. , Elhage Ayda , Marin M. Luisa , Lanterna Anabel E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA mechanistic study is herein presented for the use of heterogeneous photocatalysts based on perylene moieties. First, the successful immobilization of perylene diimides (PDI) on silica matrices is demonstrated, including their full characterization by means of electronic microscopy, surface area measurements, powder XRD, thermogravimetric analysis, and FTIR, 29Si and 13C solid‐state NMR, fluorescence, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopies. Then, the photoredox activity of the material was tested by using two model reactions, alkene oxidation and 4‐nitrobenzylbromide reduction, and mechanistic studies were performed. The mechanistic insights into their photoredox activity show they have promising dual photocatalytic activity for both organic oxidations and reductions.
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Addition of Silicon Nucleophiles to 3,3‐Disubstituted Cyclopropenes
Authors: Zhang Liangliang , Oestreich Martin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA highly stereocontrolled syn‐addition of silicon nucleophiles across cyclopropenes with two different geminal substituents at C3 is reported. Diastereomeric ratios are excellent throughout (d.r.≥98:2) and enantiomeric excesses usually higher than 90 %, even reaching 99 %. This copper‐catalyzed C−Si bond formation closes the gap of the direct synthesis of α‐chiral cyclopropylsilanes.
Prevalence of HPV‐16/18 genotypes and immediate histopathologic correlation results in a Chinese population with negative cytology and positive high‐risk HPV testing
Authors: Tao Xiang , Zhang Huina , Li Juan , Zhang Hao , Xiao Jianan , Zhang Lihong , Zhou Xianrong , Sui Long , Wang Li , Zhao Chengquan 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of human papillomavirus 16/18 (HPV‐16/18) genotypes and immediate histopathologic correlations in a Chinese population with negative cytology and positive high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing.MethodsPatients who had documented negative cytology with immediate follow‐up (within the 6 months after negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy Papanicolaou [Pap] testing), including a histopathologic examination and/or hrHPV testing, between 2011 and 2018 were included, and the data were analyzed.ResultsAmong 1,424,182 Pap tests, 1,333,453 (93.6%) were interpreted as negative cytology. Although conventional Pap smears had the highest reporting rate, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 and higher (CIN‐2+) lesions were detected significantly more with liquid‐based cytology preparations (2.1%) than the conventional method (1.4%; P < .01). The overall hrHPV‐positive rate was 14.9% (25,507 of 171,273) in the women with negative cytology. Among the 18,423 cytology‐negative, HPV‐positive cases tested with the Cobas assay, the overall HPV‐16/18 prevalence was 24.7%, with 17.9% being HPV‐16–positive, 6.2% being HPV‐18–positive, and 0.6% being positive for both HPV‐16 and HPV‐18. The immediate histopathologic examination was documented for 21,796 women with cotesting results, including 8915 HPV‐positive cases and 12,881 HPV‐negative cases. CIN‐2+ lesions were diagnosed in 15.2% of the HPV‐16–positive cases; this rate was significantly higher than the rates seen in the HPV‐18–positive cases (4.8%) and the cases positive for 1 of the other 12 types of HPV (3.0%).ConclusionsThis is by far the largest routine clinical practice report of HPV‐16/18 genotyping and histopathologic examination in negative‐cytology women and the first report of such an investigation in the Chinese population. This study indicates enhanced risk stratification with HPV‐16/18 genotype testing in HPV‐positive, cytology‐negative women in the Chinese population.
Mechanism of Water Dynamics in Hyaluronic Dermal Fillers Revealed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry
Authors: Kruk Danuta , Rochowski Pawel , Masiewicz Elzbieta , Wilczynski Slawomir , Wojciechowski Milosz , Broche Lionel M. , Lurie David J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract1H spin−lattice nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation experiments were performed for five kinds of dermal fillers based on hyaluronic acid. The relaxation data were collected over a broad frequency range between 4 kHz and 40 MHz, at body temperature. Thanks to the frequency range encompassing four orders of magnitude, the dynamics of water confined in the polymeric matrix was revealed. It is demonstrated that translation diffusion of the confined water molecules exhibits a two‐dimensional character and the diffusion process is slower than diffusion in bulk water by 3–4 orders of magnitude. As far as rotational dynamics of the confined water is concerned, it is shown that in all cases there is a water pool characterized by a rotational correlation time of about 4×10−9 s. In some of the dermal fillers a fraction of the confined water (about 10 %) forms a pool that exhibits considerably slower (by an order of magnitude) rotational dynamics. In addition, the water binding capacity of the dermal fillers was quantitatively compared.
Full Utilization of Lignocellulose with Ionic Liquid Polyoxometalates in a One‐Pot Three‐Step Conversion
Authors: Li Yiming , Zhang Xueyan , Li Zonghang , Song Jiaying , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe lignin‐first concept is a new innovation for full utilization of lignocellulose into value‐added chemicals. Ionic liquid (IL) polyoxometalates [MIMPS]2H4P2Mo18O62 [MIMPS=1‐(3‐sulfonic group) propyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium] are reported to be active in the cleavage of β‐O‐4, α‐O‐4, and 4‐O‐5 bonds in three kinds of lignin models and also efficient for converting native lignocellulose. The three components in soft or hard lignocellulose were depolymerized in a one‐pot three‐step treatment. For soft lignocellulose (pine), lignin was first decomposed into guaiacol and phenol with yields of 15.3 and 12.9 % at 98.6 % delignification efficiency at 130 °C for 14 h. Meanwhile, hemicellulose and cellulose were intact during the delignifying process and were subsequently hydrolyzed to 3.5 % xylose at 100 % hemicellulose conversion efficiency at 150 °C for 14 h and 36.4 % glucose at 100 % cellulose conversion efficiency at 170 °C for 12 h, respectively. For hard lignocellulose (poplar), the yields of guaiacol and phenol were 10.1 and 8.7 % at 91.9 % delignification efficiency at 130 °C for 14 h, whereas 12.9 % xylose at 90.4 % hemicellulose conversion efficiency at 150 °C for 12 h and 32.9 % glucose at 100 % cellulose conversion efficiency at 170 °C for 12 h were obtained. [MIMPS]2H4P2Mo18O62 achieved the full utilization of lignocellulose with total conversion in the lignin‐first strategy and also showed the easy separation as a result of temperature‐reversibility with ten recycling runs.