bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unstressed word-final vowels
Authors: Guierre Lionel 
Published: September 2019

Voyelles inaccentuées en fin de mot.
La réduction des voyelles est un trait frappant de l’anglais parlé ; les syllabes inaccentuées ont une forte tendance à réduire leur voyelle. Mais ce phénomène peut être étudié sous des angles différents. Cette étude porte sur les corrélations entre sons et lettres du point de vue de l’auditeur-scripteur moyen, qui doit convertir des voyelles réduites en lettres au cours d’une dictée par exemple. L’auteur tente d’évaluer les différentes stratégies et les indices disponibles pour désambiguiser les voyelles réduites (miner, minor) en utilisant les contraintes structurales, l’analyse des catégories lexicales et le découpage morphologique. Cette étude est limitée au cas des voyelles phonétiques en fin de mot (soda, jumbo, continue, depot, precis,...), qui sont attestées dans quelque 10.000 des 41.000 mots de notre corpus. Les autres cas de réduction vocalique seront étudiés dans un prochain article.
Le suffrage universel ou «le bonheur du plus grand nombre»
Authors: Wulf Naomi 
Published: September 2019

Universal Suffrage , or ‘the Greatest Happiness of the Greatest Number’.
In November 1828, suffrage was extended to include all white males in Jacksonian America. In Benthamite terms, America thus achieved the «happiness» of the American people it had been pursuing since its Declaration of Independence. Publicist Orestes Brownson challenged this link between the majority principle and the happiness of the people by adopting two seemingly contradictory viewpoints. First, he developed a social critique of the shortcomings of political democracy infighting social evils. Secondly, he adopted the liberal standpoint which distrusted the capacity of the people to create their own happiness. These two trends of thought offer an incisive critique of mainstream democracy by invoking the principles of the virtuous republic and the necessary sacrifice to achieve the longed for happiness.
Porto Maravilha
Authors: Barroso de Mello Flávia , Grubits de Paula Pessôa Luís Alexandre 
Published: September 2019

A partir das narrativas institucionais veiculadas no site portomaravilha.com.br e de algumas manifestações culturais que se concretizam no porto do Rio, pretende-se, neste artigo, refletir sobre a interseção entre os grandes projetos de revitalização urbana patrocinados pelo poder público e as disputas que envolvem a produção de novos imaginários e identidades culturais na região portuária. Para tanto, o aporte teórico-metodológico parte dos estudos culturais (PESAVENTO,2007,2014; SEVCENKO, 1998, 2001; HALL, 2000) e das teorias sobre memória (POLLACK, 1989; HALBWACHS, 1990). O percurso da análise se dá na interseção entre os campos teóricos visitados e o corpus analisado e aponta pistas sobre uma estratégia discursiva institucional que apropria símbolos e imaginários da cidade, do passado e do presente, para inserir o Rio de Janeiro no cenário de cidades globais.
SIKAP ORANG TUA TENTANG PENDIDIKAN SEKS PADA REMAJA DI DESA JATILENGGER RT 04/ RW 02 KECAMATAN PONGGOK KABUPATEN BLITAR
Authors: ISTIGHOSAH NINING 
Published: September 2019

Di Indonesia hingga kini pendidikan seks terus ditolak banyak pihak. Pendidikan sekss dicurigai sebagai kegiatan kontra produktif dan mengarah pada pornografi. Akses terhadap pendidikan seks juga minim, serta hanya sebagian orang tua bersikap positif terhadap pendidikan seks yang diberikan kepada remaja. Banyak orang tua yang bersikap canggung untuk terbuka dengan anak-anak tentang persoalan seksualitas. Padahal, dengan sikap keliru tersebut, anak justru akan berusaha mencari sendiri pengetahuan yang berhubungan dengan kehidupan seksual. Akibatnya pengetahuan yang diperoleh bisa setengah-setengah atau bahkan keliru sehingga dapat menjerumuskan anak pada hal yang negatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh orang tua di Desa Jatilengger RT 04/ RW 02 Kecamatan Ponggok Kabupaten Blitar sebanyak 30 responden.
Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwasanya sikap orang tua tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja adalah positif sebanyak 14 responden (46,66%). Dari berbagai komponen sikap didapatkan bahwasanya sikap orang tua tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja adalah negatif 16 sebanyak responden (53,33%).
Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pentingnya pemberian informasi pada orang tua khususnya yang mempunyai anak pada usia remaja tentang pentingnya pendidikan seks pada remaja dengan menggunakan pendekatan sesuai dengan tahapan perkembangan remaja.
Using the Tilted flat-ΛCDM and the Untilted Non-flat ΛCDM Inflation Models to Measure Cosmological Parameters from a Compilation of Observational Data
Authors: Park Chan-Gyung , Ratra Bharat 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We use the physically consistent tilted spatially flat and untilted non-flat ΛCDM inflation models to constrain cosmological parameter values with the Planck 2015 cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy data and recent SNe Ia measurements, baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) data, growth rate observations, and Hubble parameter measurements. The most dramatic consequence of including the four non-CMB data sets is the significant strengthening of the evidence for non-flatness in the non-flat ΛCDM model, from 1.8σ for the CMB data alone to 5.1σ for the full data combination. The BAO data is the most powerful of the non-CMB data sets in more tightly constraining model-parameter values and in favoring a spatially closed universe in which spatial curvature contributes about a percent to the current cosmological energy budget. The untilted non-flat ΛCDM model better fits the large-angle CMB temperature anisotropy angular spectrum and is more consistent with the Dark Energy Survey constraints on the current value of the rms amplitude of mass fluctuations (σ
8) as a function of the current value of the nonrelativistic matter-density parameter (Ω
m
) but does not provide as good a fit to the smaller-angle CMB temperature anisotropy data, as does the tilted flat-ΛCDM model. Some measured cosmological parameter values differ significantly between the two models, including the reionization optical depth and the baryonic matter density parameter, both of whose 2σ ranges (in the two models) are disjointed or almost so.
Cosmic Reionization On Computers: Reionization Histories of Present-day Galaxies
Authors: Zhu 朱涵 Hanjue 珏 , Avestruz Camille , Gnedin Nickolay Y. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We examine the reionization history of present-day galaxies by explicitly tracing the building blocks of halos from the Cosmic Reionization On Computers project. We track dark matter particles that belong to z = 0 halos and extract the neutral fractions at corresponding positions during rapid global reionization. The resulting particle reionization histories allow us to explore different definitions of a halo’s reionization redshift and to account for the neutral content of the interstellar medium. Consistent with previous work, we find a systematic trend of reionization redshift with mass—present day halos with higher masses have earlier reionization times. Finally, we quantify the spread of reionization times within each halo, which also has a mass dependence.
Nonequilibrium Ionization Effects on Coronal Plasma Diagnostics and Elemental Abundance Measurements
Authors: Shi Tong , Landi Enrico , Manchester Ward 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Plasma diagnostics and elemental abundance measurements are crucial to help us understand the formation and dynamics of the solar wind. Here we use a theoretical solar wind model to study the effect of nonequilibrium ionization (NEI) on plasma diagnostic techniques applied to line intensities emitted by the fast solar wind. We find that NEI almost always changes the spectral line intensities with up to 120% difference for the lighter elements and for higher charge states of Fe even below 1.5 solar radii (R

s
). The measured plasma density, temperature, and differential emission measure are only slightly affected by NEI. However, NEI significantly affects the first-ionization potential (FIP) bias and abundance ratio measurements, producing an error of up to a factor 4 at 1.5 R

s
for the Mg-to-Ne, Fe-to-S, and Ar-to-Fe ratios when EI is assumed. We conclude that it is very important to consider the NEI effect when spectral line intensities are synthesized and the FIP bias and elemental abundance are measured.
The Greenhouse Effect in Buried Galactic Nuclei and the Resonant HCN Vibrational Emission
Authors: González-Alfonso Eduardo , Sakamoto Kazushi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Recent interferometric observations have shown bright HCN emission from the ν
2 = 1 vibrational state arising in buried nuclear regions of galaxies, indicating an efficient pumping of the ν
2 = 1 state through the absorption of 14 μm continuum photons. We modeled the continuum and HCN vibrational line emission in these regions, characterized by high column densities of dust and high luminosities, using a spherically symmetric approach, simulating both a central heating source (active galactic nucleus, AGN) and a compact nuclear starburst (SB). We find that when the H2 columns become very high, N
H2 ≳ 1025 cm−2, trapping of continuum photons within the nuclear region dramatically enhances the dust temperature (T
dust) in the inner regions, even though the predicted spectral energy distribution as seen from the outside becomes relatively cold. The models thus predict a bright continuum at millimeter wavelengths for a luminosity surface brightness (averaged over the model source) of ∼108
L
⊙ pc−2. This greenhouse effect significantly enhances the mean mid-infrared intensity within the dusty volume, populating the ν
2 = 1 state to the extent that the HCN vibrational lines become optically thick. AGN models yield higher T
dust in the inner regions and higher peak (sub)millimeter continuum brightness than SB models, but similar HCN vibrational J = 3–2 and 4–3 emission owing to both optical depth effects and a moderate impact of high T
dust on these low-J lines. The observed HCN vibrational emission in several galaxies can be accounted for with an HCN abundance of ∼10−6 (relative to H2) and luminosity surface brightness in the range (0.5–2) × 108
L
⊙ pc−2, predicting a far-infrared photosphere with T
dust ∼ 80–150 K, in agreement with the values inferred from far-infrared molecular absorption.
Evaluation of biochemical, hematological, RIBA and PCR assays in predicting viremia in anti-HCV positive patients
Authors: Sirin Mumtaz Cem , Cicioglu Aridogan Buket , Sesli Cetin Emel , Sirin Fevziye Burcu 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: The detection of HCV-RNA by PCR assays is considered to be the gold standard for confirming the presence of HCV viremia. However, high costs, long and laborious procedures limit their widespread usage. This retrospective study was conducted to assess the predictive performances of biochemical and hematological parameters, anti-HCV signal-to-cutoff (S/CO) ratios and RIBA assay for HCV viremia.
Methodology: Medical records of 210 patients with positive anti-HCV results were analyzed. Samples were tested for anti-HCV by the Roche Elecsys assay. RIBA and PCR assays were performed with Inno-Lia HCV Score test, and Roche Cobas TaqMan HCV test, respectively.
Results: Anti-HCV positive patients were categorized into two groups: positive HCV-RNA(viremic) group (n = 94) and negative HCV-RNA(non-viremic) group (n = 116). All viremic patients had positive RIBA results, while in the non-viremic group, 80 (69%) patients had negative/indeterminate RIBA results and 36 (31%) patients had positive RIBA results. Compared with the non-viremic group, the viremic group had significantly higher alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width and anti-HCV levels, and significantly lower platelet count and plateletcrit levels (p < 0.05). With multivariate logistic regression analysis, serum ALT and anti-HCV levels were found to be strong predictive factors for HCV viremia. A S/CO ratio of ≥ 12.34 was identified as the optimal anti-HCV level to predict viremia.
Conclusions: An anti-HCV S/CO ratio of 12.34 can determine the necessity for PCR assay, when carefully evaluated together with the biochemical and hematological evidence. This approach may reduce the cost of diagnosis particularly in low-resource settings.
Threats to Reliability and Validity With Resident Wellness Surveying Efforts
Authors: Appelbaum Nital P. , Santen Sally A. , Vota Scott , Wingfield Lauren , Sabo Roy , Yaghmour Nicholas 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Residency programs and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) use survey data for the purpose of program evaluation. A priority for many programs is to improve resident wellness, often relying on self-reported surveys to drive interventions.

Objective
We tested for result differences on wellness surveys collected through varying survey methodology and identified potential causes for differences.

Methods
Aggregated results on the resident wellness scale for a single institution were compared when collected electronically through the ACGME Resident Survey immediately following the program evaluation survey for accreditation purposes and anonymously through an internal survey aimed at program improvement.

Results
Across 18 residency programs, 293 of 404 (73%) residents responded to the internal survey, and 383 of 398 residents (96%) responded to the 2018 ACGME survey. There was a significant difference (P &lt; .001, Cohen's d = 1.22) between the composite wellness score from our internal survey (3.69 ± 0.34) compared to its measurement through the ACGME (4.08 ± 0.30), indicating reports of more positive wellness on the national accreditation survey. ACGME results were also statistically more favorable for all 10 individual scale items compared to the internal results.

Conclusions
Potential causes for differences in wellness scores between internal and ACGME collected surveys include poor test-retest reliability, nonresponse bias, coaching responses, social desirability bias, different modes for data collection, and differences in survey response options. Triangulation of data through multiple methodologies and tools may be one approach to accurately gauge resident wellness.
Technical Note: Suppression of Anodic Kinetics of Stainless Steels During Biofilm Development in Natural Seawater
Authors: Eashwar M. , Lakshman Kumar A. , Sreedhar G. , Vengatesan S. , Ananth R. , Prabu V. 
Published: September 2019

The anodic kinetics of three stainless steels, viz. UNS S31600, S44660, and N08367, in gently flowing natural seawater was investigated. Potentiodynamic anodic polarization showed two distinct passive regimes emerging with biofilm development. A dramatic decrease of anodic current densities (p < 10−4) was recorded in the lower passive region near the ennobled open-circuit potential, accompanied by an increase of the breakdown potential by over 0.2 V for Alloy S31600. However, significant broadening of the transpassive region was observed on all the three alloys tested. Further, for Alloys S44660 and N08367, the second passive region was altered during biofilm growth, which resulted in enhanced peak current densities. These seemingly undesired effects, nonetheless, were detected far beyond the domain of practical significance. Potentiostatic current-time curves for Alloy N08367 further confirmed the suppression of anodic kinetics in the lower passive region. Evans diagrams constructed from actual polarization curves provided fundamentally important insights that passivity promotion can be independent of microbially enhanced cathodic kinetics.
Addition of fast gas chromatography to selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry for analysis of individual monoterpenes in mixtures
Authors: Lacko Michal , Wang Nijing , Sovová Kristýna , Pásztor Pavel , Španěl Patrik 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Soft chemical ionization mass spectrometry (SCI-MS)
techniques can be used to accurately quantify volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) in air in real time; however, differentiation of isomers still
represents a challenge. A suitable pre-separation technique is thus needed,
ideally capable of analyses over a few tens of seconds. To this end, a bespoke
fast gas chromatography (GC) instrument with an electrically heated 5 m long metallic capillary column was
coupled to selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) measurements. To assess the
performance of this combination, a case study of monoterpene isomer
(C10H16) analyses was carried out. The monoterpenes were
quantified by SIFT-MS using H3O+ reagent ions (analyte ions
C10H17+, m∕z 137, and C6H9+, m∕z 81) and NO+
reagent ions (analyte ions C10H16+, m∕z 136, and
C7H9+, m∕z 93). The combinations of the fragment ion relative
intensities obtained using H3O+ and NO+ were shown to be
characteristic of the individual monoterpenes. Two non-polar GC columns
(Restek Inc.) were tested: the advantage of MXT-1 was shorter retention,
whilst the advantage of MXT-Volatiles was better separation. Thus, it is
possible to identify components of a monoterpene mixture in less than 45 s
using the MXT-1 column and to separate them in less than 180 s using the
MXT-Volatiles column. Quality of the separation and the sensitivity of present
technique (limit of detection, LOD, ∼16 ppbv) was found to be inferior compared to
commercially available fast GC solutions coupled with proton transfer
reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS, LOD ∼1 ppbv) due to the limited
sample flow through the column. However, using combinations of two reagent
ions improved identification of monoterpenes not well resolved by the
chromatograms. As an illustrative example, the headspace of needle samples
of three conifer species was analysed by both reagent ions and with both
columns showing that mainly α-pinene, β-pinene and 3-carene
were present. The system can thus be used for direct rapid monitoring of
monoterpenes above 20 ppbv, such as applications in laboratory studies of
monoterpene standards and leaf headspace analysis. Limitation of the
sensitivity due to the total sample flow can be improved using a multi-column
pre-separation.
Estimation of coarse dead wood stocks in intact and degraded forests in the Brazilian Amazon using airborne lidar
Authors: Scaranello Marcos A. S. , Keller Michael , Longo Marcos , dos-Santos Maiza N. , Leitold Veronika , Morton Douglas C. , Pinagé Ekena R. , Espírito-Santo Fernando Del Bon 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Coarse dead wood is an important component of forest
carbon stocks, but it is rarely measured in Amazon forests and is typically
excluded from regional forest carbon budgets. Our study is based on line
intercept sampling for fallen coarse dead wood conducted along 103 transects
with a total length of 48 km matched with forest inventory plots where
standing coarse dead wood was measured in the footprints of larger areas of
airborne lidar acquisitions. We developed models to relate lidar metrics and
Landsat time series variables to coarse dead wood stocks for intact, logged,
burned, or logged and burned forests. Canopy characteristics such as gap
area produced significant individual relations for logged forests. For total
fallen plus standing coarse dead wood (hereafter defined as total coarse
dead wood), the relative root mean square error for models with only lidar
metrics ranged from 33 % in logged forest to up to 36 % in burned
forests. The addition of historical information improved model performance
slightly for intact forests (31 % against 35 % relative root mean square
error), not justifying the use of a number of disturbance events from
historical satellite images (Landsat) with airborne lidar data.
Lidar-derived estimates of total coarse dead wood compared favorably with
independent ground-based sampling for areas up to several hundred hectares.
The relations found between total coarse dead wood and variables quantifying
forest structure derived from airborne lidar highlight the opportunity to
quantify this important but rarely measured component of forest carbon over
large areas in tropical forests.
Water restrictions under climate change: a Rhône–Mediterranean perspective combining bottom-up and top-down approaches
Authors: Sauquet Eric , Richard Bastien , Devers Alexandre , Prudhomme Christel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Drought management plans (DMPs) require an overview of future
climate conditions for ensuring long-term relevance of existing
decision-making processes. To that end, impact studies are expected to best
reproduce decision-making needs linked with catchment intrinsic sensitivity
to climate change. The objective of this study is to apply a risk-based
approach through sensitivity, exposure and performance assessments to
identify where and when, due to climate change, access to surface water
constrained by legally binding water restrictions (WRs) may question agricultural
activities. After inspection of legally binding WRs from the DMPs in the Rhône–Mediterranean (RM) district, a framework to derive WR durations was developed based on harmonized low-flow indicators. Whilst the framework could not perfectly reproduce all WR ordered by state services, as deviations from sociopolitical factors could not be included, it enabled the identification of most WRs under the current baseline and the quantification of the sensitivity of WR duration to a wide range of perturbed climates for 106 catchments. Four classes of responses were found across the RM district. The information provided by the national system of compensation to farmers during the 2011 drought was used to define a critical threshold of acceptable WR that is related to the current activities over the RM district. The study finally concluded that catchments in mountainous areas, highly sensitive to temperature changes, are also the most predisposed to future restrictions under projected climate changes considering current DMPs, whilst catchments around the Mediterranean Sea were found to be mainly sensitive to precipitation changes and irrigation use was less vulnerable to projected climatic changes. The tools developed enable a rapid assessment of the effectiveness of current DMPs under climate change and can be used to prioritize review of the plans for those most vulnerable basins.
Multicriteria assessment framework of flood events simulated with vertically mixed runoff model in semiarid catchments in the middle Yellow River
Authors: Li Dayang , Liang Zhongmin , Zhou Yan , Li Binquan , Fu Yupeng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Flood forecasting in semiarid regions is always poor, and a single-criterion assessment provides limited information for decision making. Here,
we propose a multicriteria assessment framework called flood
classification–reliability assessment (FCRA) that combines the absolute
relative error, flow classification and uncertainty interval estimated by
the hydrologic uncertainty processor (HUP) to assess the most striking
feature of an event-based flood: the peak flow. A total of 100 flood events in
four catchments of the middle reaches of the Yellow River are modeled with
hydrological models over the period of 1983–2009. The vertically mixed
runoff model (VMM) is compared with one physically based model, the MIKE SHE
model (originating from the Système Hydrologique Européen program),
and two conceptual models, the Xinanjiang model (XAJ) and the Shanbei model (SBM). Our results show that the VMM has a better flood estimation performance than the other models, and the FCRA framework can provide reasonable flood classification and reliability assessment information, which may help decision makers improve their diagnostic abilities in the early flood warning process.