bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ein der WKB-Methode verwandtes Verfahren zur Entwicklung von Wellenfeldern
Authors: Braunbek Werner 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Die Darstellung der komplexen Amplitude eines Wellenfeldes in der Form he i k S läßt sich in verschiedener Weise durchführen, je nachdem h und S reelle Ortsfunktionen sein sollen, oder aber für eine von beiden komplexe Größen zugelassen werden, wobei dann noch gewisse Zusatzforderungen zur Bestimmtheit von h und S aufgestellt werden müssen. Die Möglichkeit des komplexen S führt auf die übliche WKB-Methode, während die Möglichkeit des komplexen h hier näher erörtert wird. Auch sie erlaubt eine asymptotische Entwicklung der komplexen Amplitude nach Potenzen von (i k)-1, die sich eng an das geometrisch-optische System der Eikonalflächen und der dazu orthogonalen „Strahlen" anschließt.
An dem einfachen Beispiel der auslaufenden, homogenen Zylinderwelle wird das Verfahren erläutert und der WKB -Methode gegenübergestellt. Die entstehende asymptotische Reihe wird als identisch mit der asymptotischen Entwicklung der strengen Lösung nachgewiesen.
Influence of Radiative Absorption on the Establishment of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium
Authors: Drawin H. W. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
By solving the coupled system of collisional-radiative rate equations for a homogeneous and steady-state plasma as a function of the radiative excitation rates one obtains the population densities of the ground and of the excited levels for any given degree of reabsorption. One finds that in hydrogen plasmas which are completely optically opaque towards all Lyman lines and partially optically opaque towards Hα the equilibrium populations will not be established for electron densities below 1X1016 cm-3.
The Origin of Cosmic Rays - New Interest in an Old Question
Authors: Grewing M. , Heintzmann H. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
After briefly reviewing the experimental facts that seem of direct relevance for the question of the origin of cosmic rays, and after quickly going through the “classical” theories of cosmic ray origin, we discuss in some detail those theories that have been put forward over the past few years since the discovery of pulsars. This discovery brought the first observational evidence for the existence of super-strong magnetic fields in nature.
Computation of Decaying Wall-Stabilized Arcs
Authors: Hermann W. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The interaction between an electric arc and a gas flow is governed by the flow of mass relative to surfaces of constant temperature. This fact is used to introduce a new method for the computation of decaying wall-stabilized arcs in which the temperature is used as a free variable instead of the radial coordinate. The method is also applicable to more general cases and gives direct insight into the physical processes involved. An implicit two level scheme is described which guarantees numerical stability for any chosen time step. The method is applied to a decaying wall stabilized arc. The results agree quite well with published experimental curves.
Chaos-Induced Diffusion. Analogues to Nonlinear Fokker-Planck Equations
Authors: Fujisaka H. , Grossmann S. , Thomae S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Deterministic chaotic dynamics induced by a climbing map with variable local jump size is shown to yield anomalous diffusion, i.e. a nonlinear increase of the variance with time. The relation to Fokker-Planck equations with variable drift and diffusivity is given. Turbulent two-particle diffusion may be a possible application.
Partially Fractal Impedance Networks
Authors: Thompson D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We analyse linear networks of impedances in the case when the impedances at every level differ by a factor of b from those at the previous level. Such networks can be used as models for rough surfaces, in which case there will exist a level of finest detail which must be taken into account in any calculation. We obtain an exact expression for the ratio of the impedance of the network to the outer impedance for an arbitrary number of elements in the network. We show that this class of networks shows a transition from a fractal geometric structure to a non-fractal structure according to the value of b. However, their effective impedance is never fractal.
The influence of acizol into effects of picrotoxin, injected in rat’s neostriatum
Authors: Yakimovskii Аndrey F. 
Published: September 2019

The aim of the article. The article is devoted to investigation of of zinc donator acizol influence to rat’s behavior, broken by intrastriatal injection of GABA-A receptor antagonist picrotoxin.
Materials and methods. Adult male Wistar rats with avoidance conditioning reflexes in “shuttle box” and free locomotor activity in “open field” were used. Daily microinjection of picrotoxin (2 mcg/1 mcl) bilateral into rostral neostriatum in term of 15 days were made. Zinc donator acizol was injected intraperitoneal (24 mg/kg).
Results. Steady losses of avoidance conditioning and choreo-mioclonic hyperkinesis of limbs and body, similar with human Huntington’s chorea by picrotoxin were produced. Acizol is contribute to restore avoidance conditioning and to prevent the development of hyperkinesis or essentially extend latency and lover duration of it.
Conclusion. With the early data obtained, there is reason to propose, that acizol, to increasing the zinc content in the body, especially in the brain, is recover damaged cognitive function and to prevent the picrotoxin-induced hyperkinesis. Acizol should be proposed as perspective drug in extrapyramidal hyperkinetic deviation treatment in human.
SOIL-AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ARABLE LAND OF THE VALDAI UPLAND BASED ON THE GENERAL SURVEY
Authors: Shilov P. M. , Kozlov D. N. 
Published: September 2019

A methodical approach to the digital mapping of the arable lands area depending on their soil-agroecological and positional conditions is proposed. The approach was tested on a model plot located on the Valdai Upland with an area of 160 thousand ha. Small-scale agricultural development of the poorly dissected moraine plains is limited by the wide distribution of overmoistened soils. Using the traditional discriminant analysis, a measure of the topographically determined duration of soil overmoistening was calculated based on a comparison of the morphological diagnostics of water regime and topography runoff properties according to the grid elements of 30 × 30 m. The drainability range was determined for the arable lands of XVIII century, reconstructed according to the materials of the General Survey. This allowed us to determine the potential area of the arable lands for this period. The area of arable lands, which is characterized by favorable conditions of transport accessibility and soil drainability, was 12 %. At the same time, reconstructed area contained 5 %. In the subsistence economy of the XVIII century more than a half of the potential arable lands of the model region turned out to be undeveloped.
Warrant of Termination of Investigation (SP3) Issued Based on Peace Agreement Between Suspects and Reporters in Ordinary Offences
Authors: Hakiki Azizul 
Published: September 2019

Warrant of Termination of Investigation (SP3 – Surat Perintah Penghentian Penyidikan) is applied as the power granted to the investigator of a criminal act. Article 109 paragraph (2) of Law No. 8 of 1981 on the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP – Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana) states that there are three requirements to stop a criminal investigation: (a) insufficient evidence; (b) the act committed by the suspect is not a criminal offence; and (c) the investigation is stopped by law. These three conditions are alternative conditions. At the implementation level, there are many cases that are terminated because they fulfill these three requirements. However, it is not uncommon for cases that have progressed to the stage of investigation be stopped as well because the suspected and the reporter reached a peace agreement through mediation facilitated by police investigators. The mediation condition will impact the ongoing investigation since the investigation should be stopped and police should revoke the report of the investigation concerned. Whereas, in this context, the status of this case is an ordinary offence status which means that the revocation of the report has no consequences with the ongoing investigation. Peace agreements impact ongoing investigations. Whereas the investigation should be stopped and police should revoke the offense report, under extant legislation, investigations maintain ordinary offence status, meaning revocation of the offense report has no effect on the ongoing investigation. The investigation cannot be stopped with any other reasons excepts those that stated in Article 109 paragraph (2). The fact that the revocation of the report of investigation leads to the termination of the ongoing investigation as evidenced by the issuance of SP3. While the issuance of SP3 enables termination of an ongoing investigation by revoking the report of investigation, investigation termination requirements explicitly state that an agreement reached through a mediation mechanism cannot provide legal grounds to issue SP3. This paper provides a normative legal analysis of the validity of investigation termination as the result of an agreement reached through a mediation mechanism. Investigations that terminated based on an agreement achieved by mediation mechanism will create space for third parties to utilize a pre-trial mechanism whose purpose is to test the validity or termination of the investigation.
Keywords: Termination of Investigation, Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure
TIMUR YANG MISTIS DAN BARAT YANG LOGIS: REPRESENTASI PASCAKOLONIAL DALAM CERPEN "SUSUK KEKEBALAN" (2010) KARYA HAN GAGAS
Authors: Mustolih Ahmad , Sulistyo Hary 
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai cerpen <em>Susuk Kekebalan</em> karya Han Gagas dengan teori Orientalisme Edward W. Said. Cerpen tersebut bercerita mengenai kondisi representasi konflik politik 1965. Dalam konfilk itu, relasi superioritas dan inferioritas tersebut merupakan representasi antara dikotomi oposisi biner antara Barat dan Timur. Selain itu, dalam kacamata Barat, Timur sering kali dianalogikan sebagai pihak yang lemah, mistis, antah berantah, dan tidak logis, sedangkan Barat adalah oposisi biner yang sebaliknya. Penelitian ini melihat aspek superioritas dan inferioritas, yang mistis dan logis, dan melihat korelasinya dengan kondisi historis khususnya dengan aspek kesejarahan di era kolonial. Timur direpresentasikan dalam diri Warok Wulunggeni dan Warok Wirodigdo, yang mistis dan mudah di adu domba. Representasi Barat dalam diri Bapak bersenapan yang cerdas, superior, dan representasi dari kekuasaan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa meskipun Timur dalam kacamata Barat berada dalam posisi lemah dalam hierarki kekuasaan, di sisi lain nilai-nilai Timur seperti setia kawan, jiwa ksatria, dan kemistisan dengan memasang susuk, membuat Timur memiliki nilai dekonstruktif terhadap sudut pandang Barat
DARI RITUAL MENUJU KOMERSIAL: PERGESERAN TRADISI RUWAHAN DI KELURAHAN SUKOREJO, KECAMATAN WONOSARI, KABUPATEN KLATEN
Authors: Pratiwi Kinanti Bekti 
Published: September 2019

<p>Tradisi <em>ruwahan</em> sebenarnya adalah peninggalan ajaran agama Hindhu. Selanjutnya, ritual ini diubah sering masuk agama Islam dalam masyarakat Jawa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengungkapkan pergeseran atau perubahan ritual <em>ruwahan</em> di Sukorejo, Wonosari, Klaten. Objek kajiannya adalah masyarakat desa itu yang melakukan ritual ini. Sudut pandang yang digunakan adalah sosiologis. Hasil yang dicapai dalam tulisan ini ada beberapa. Pertama, persegeran itu karena masuknya nilai-nilai Islam yang dipadukan dengan aspek akal dan pikiran. Kedua, perubahan muncul dari tradisi untuk kegiatan ritual spritual menjadi aspek komersial dan ekonomi. Ketiga, keterlibatan warga menjadi plural dan semua aktif dalam hal komersialisasi atau persoalan ekonomi dan hiburan kecil dalam monteks perubahan <em>urban culture</em> dalam pembangunan kota Klaten. </p>
ASPEKTUALITAS DALAM NOVEL THE GREAT GATSBY OLEH F. SCOTT FITZGERALD
Authors: Susylowati Eka 
Published: September 2019

<p><em>This research aims to reveal the form and marker of aspectuality in The Great Gatsby novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The data in this study are written data in the form of words, clauses, and sentences in the novel The Great Gatsby. It was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald consists of three forms of aspectuality namely perfective / completed, progressive, and repetitive / habitual. The aspect that is often used is perfective / completed aspiration. Aspectuality markers used including perfective aspect characterized by past verb or had + past participle verb, while progressive aspect are marked to be + verb ing, and repetitive / habitual are marked with past verb or infinitive forms.</em></p>
Validating HIRA-TAN for the molecular diagnosis of chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Alia Dina , Kurniawan Ferry Dwi , Ridwan Azwar , Mahdani Wilda , Hagiwara Koichi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective : Pathogen identification is critical for antibiotic selection in suppurative otitis media. However, causative pathogen determination from suppurative specimens of the middle ear is challenging. The current study investigated the utility of HIRA-TAN defining the causative pathogen in chronic suppurative otitis media based on the cycle-threshold difference between the targeted pathogen and the single-copy human gene by quantitative PCR. Results : Thirty-nine patients were recruited to the study, and the otorrhea was swab-collected and subjected to bacterial culture and HIRA-TAN which the cycle-threshold cut-off was determined using receiver operating characteristic curves. A total of 35.9% of samples were positive for bacterial culture; P. aeruginosa , K. pneumoniae , P. mirabilis, and M. morganii. While B. fragilis , A. baumanii , M. catarrhalis , and E. coli were not identified by culture though high cycle-threshold values were obtained suggesting the inability of the culture system in detecting some pathogens. Our results indicate that HIRA-TAN is a potential diagnostic tool in suppurative otitis media and warrant more extensive studies. Keywords: suppurative otitis media, pathogen, real-time polymerase chain reaction, molecular diagnostics
Involving clinical staff members in the management of low back pain in general practice: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Knudsen Randi Hessellund , Thomsen Janus Laust , Andersen Camilla Aakjaer , Afzali Tamana , Riis Allan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background
Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Patient education and self-management have the potential to improve the care of patients. However, little available time for consultations challenge the delivery of optimal care in general practice. Involving clinical staff members in the management of diabetes and of patients with hypertension has shown to be feasible. Consequently, involving clinical staff members in providing education and information to patients may improve the delivery of patient information and education. However, this require a shift in the division of tasks and general practitioners’ (GPs’) barriers and facilitators for this is currently unknown. The aim is to explore GPs’ experiences of including clinical staff members in the management of LBP.
Methods
This is a qualitative, semi-structured interview study. We used a phenomenological approach to guide the data collection and the analysis in order to gain insight into the subjective experiences of the GPs and to understand the phenomenon ‘delegating tasks to practice staff’ from the GPs’ lifeworld. Analysis was conducted using inductive descriptive methods.
Results
We conducted five 60-minute interviews with Danish GPs. All GPs had experience with task delegation, but it varied which tasks the GPs delegated and to which types of clinical staff members. The following barriers towards clinical staff member involvement were identified: Patients with LBP is a heterogeneous group with a variety of treatment needs, the examination and treatment can be considered as one coherent process, and it would require external support.

Involving clinical staff members can release GP time. Another facilitator was the possibility for improving the uptake of clinical guidelines and involvement of practice nurses was considered to improve the provision of patient education and lead to greater patient self-management.
Conclusion
While some GPs currently consider delegation to clinical staff members a good idea in the treatment of LBP, others prefer the existing treatment strategy without clinical staff member involvement. Consequently, healthcare providers need to address existing barriers and facilitators for involving clinical staff members when advocating for a future multi professional treatment strategy of LBP in general practice.
Trial registration
Not applicable.
Comparison of Visual Performance between Refractive and Diffractive Multifocal Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Ye Lingying , Chen Tianyu , Hu Zhixiang , Su Qiudong , Li Jin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
AIM To compare the visual performance of asymmetric refractive multifocal intraocular lenses (MIOLs) with all optic zone diffractive MIOLs.METHODS A prospective study. Patients underwent phacoemulsification were divided into two groups according to the type of MIOLs: 25 patients were implanted with asymmetric refractive MIOLs and 25 patients with all optic zone diffractive MIOLs. Visual acuity, refraction, defocus curves, objective optical quality and the questionnaire of life quality were measured 3 months after surgery.RESULTS There was no significant difference between two groups in uncorrected distance visual acuity、uncorrected near visual acuity、best corrected distance visual acuity or distance corrected near visual acuity. However, the uncorrected intermediate visual acuity was 0.24±0.10 in refractive group and 0.31±0.13 in diffractive group (P<0.05); the distance corrected intermediate visual acuity was 0.22±0.09 in refractive group and 0.31±0.14 in diffractive group (P<0.05). Defocus curves showed two crests in both groups. However, the curve between two crests of refractive group was smoother than diffractive group. The Modulated transfer function cut-off frequency was (22.74±12.29)c/d in refractive group and(30.50±10.04)c/d in diffractive group (P<0.05); the OQAS values 100% (OV100%) were 0.75±0.41 in refractive group and 1.02±0.34 in diffractive group(P<0.05),OV20% were 0.52±0.34 in refractive group and 0.71±0.25 in diffractive group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference between two groups at overall satisfaction, independence spectacles ratio or visual interference phenomenon.CONCLUSIONS Both MIOLs achieve good visual acuity at distance and near. The asymmetric refractive MIOLs show better intermediate visual acuity, and the all optic zone diffractive MIOLs appear to have better objective visual quality.
How to control the sexually transmitted diseases in Benjina?: qualitative studies on the practice of prostitution
Authors: Laksono Agung Dwi , Dwiningsih Santi 
Published: September 2019

Latar Belakang: Prostitusi yang muncul bersamaan dengan industri besar menimbulkan masalah kesehatan, masalah sosial ekonomi, dan budaya. Artikel ini dimaksudkan untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan praktik prostitusi di Benjina dan mengeksplorasi potensi untuk mengendalikan dampak penyakit penularan melalui hubungan seks.
Metode: Penelitian kualitatif ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan etnografi. Wawancara mendalam dan observasi partisipatif dilakukan terhadap 30 informan yang terkait langsung dengan praktik prostitusi di Benjina.
Hasil: Tidak ditemukan lokalisasi di Benjina. Praktik pelacuran ditemukan sebagai hal yang biasa di tempat yang disebut rumah karaoke yang menyediakan peralatan menyanyi sederhana, minuman keras, dan layanan seksual. Ada 46 pekerja seks perempuan yang bekerja di 12 rumah karaoke. Faktor ekonomi ditemukan sebagai faktor dominan yang mendorong para pelaku pelacuran, di samping balas dendam. Ada beberapa kendala dalam menggunakan kondom dalam praktik pelacuran ini. Di antara mereka adalah bentuk fisiologi penis yang mengalami modifikasi, dan hubungan pekerja seks khusus dengan kekasih mereka. Ada potensi Sasi yang dapat digunakan sebagai upaya untuk mengendalikan penyakit penularan melalui hubungan seks.
Kesimpulan: Sasi sebagai hukum adat berpotensi menjadi hukum positif untuk menerapkan kondomisasi secara keseluruhan di Benjina.
Kata kunci: Penyakit menular seksual, pelacuran, hukum adat, Sasi, adat istiadat.

Abstract
Background: Prostitution that appears together with massive industry raises health problems, socioeconomic problems, and culture. This article was intended to explore factors related to prostitution practices in Benjina and explore the potential for controlling the impact of sex transmission disease.
Methods: This qualitative study was carried out with an ethnographic approach. In-depth interviews and participatory observation were carried out on 30 informants who were directly related to the practice of prostitution in Benjina.
Results: No localization was found at Benjina. The practice of prostitution was found to be commonplace in a place called karaoke houses that provided simple singing equipment, liquor, and sexual services. There were 46 female sex workers who worked in 12 karaoke houses. Economic factors were found to be the dominant factor driving the perpetrators of prostitution, in addition to revenge. There are some obstacles to using condoms in this practice. Among them were the forms of penile physiology that experience modification, and the relationship of special sex workers with their lovers. There was a Sasi potential that can be used as an effort to control sex transmission disease.
Conclusion: Sasi as a customary law has the potential to be a positive law to implement condomization as a whole in Benjina.
Keywords: sexually transmitted disease, prostitution, customary law, Sasi, traditional customs.
Percepciones sobre el concepto nación: diagnóstico a través del aporte literario de Juan León Mera y la propuesta del decoloniaje
Authors: Viñamagua Quezada Glenda 
Published: September 2019

De la labor literaria así como del arte en general es relevante su postura crítica, que surge como una respuesta a los acontecimientos que se manifiestan a nivel social con el fin de cuestionar el sistema establecido y conseguir transformaciones. Esta labor se comprende como el compromiso que deberían asumir los intelectuales. En este caso se hará un acercamiento a la postura de Juan León Mera con respecto a la creación y comprensión del concepto de nación a través de la composición de la letra del Himno Nacional del Ecuador. Se expondrá desde el enfoque de teorías como el decoloniaje y el corazonar, una alternativa de espacios inclusivos, que se asumirán como un reto para la sociedad al ser abordados y difundidos desde la educación. El objetivo del presente artículo es reflexionar en la construcción de la idea de nación a partir de la exclusión del otro y en el decoloniaje como una forma de contrarrestar este pensamiento. Para ello se ha realizado una investigación bibliográfica documental desde una óptica hermenéutica. El aporte de esta investigación radica en enfocar a la teoría del decoloniaje como una alternativa para despertar la conciencia crítica hacia la reivindicación en comunión con la alteridad a través del trabajo literario y educativo.