bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General build up of basis and matrix in the diagonalization approach. Determination of Kramers configuration state functions
Authors: Gall Marián , Bučinský Lukáš , Komorovsky Stanislav 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlgorithms to build the
basis and
matrix representation to obtain the
Kramers configuration space functions (KCSFs) via diagonalization will be formally generalized to an arbitrary number of unpaired (open shell) fermions. Effective build up of the
matrix representation will be outlined (including threading and graphical processing unit parallelism) to subsequently obtain the KCSFs via calling external/numerical library routines for diagonalization. The effective build up of the
matrix representation relays on a binary tree search algorithm to allow evaluation the
action on a given
basis vector. The binary tree search avoids the treatment of zero
matrix elements which leads to an exponential acceleration. The implementation (
basis creation,
matrix representation, and
matrix diagonalization) will be done in an all in core and all at once manner, hence the available core memory sets the physical limits in practical applications. Memory limitations, sparsity of the
matrix, general case of n fermions in m spinors, and the application of KCSFs will be put into further perspective.
Stochastic model predictive control: Insights and performance comparisons for linear systems
Authors: Seron Maria M. , Goodwin Graham C. , Carrasco Diego S. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we define several instances of model predictive control (MPC) for linear systems, including both deterministic and stochastic formulations. We show by explicit computation of the associated control laws that, under certain conditions, different formulations lead to identical results. This paper provides insights into the performance of stochastic MPC. Amongst other things, it shows that stochastic MPC and traditional MPC can give identical results in special cases. In cases where the solutions are different, we show that the explicit formulation of the problem can give insight into the performance gap.
Examining burnout profiles in relation to health and well‐being in the Veterans Health Administration employee population
Authors: Schult Tamara M. , Mohr David C. , Osatuke Katerine 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe goals of this paper were twofold: (a) To provide a population overview of burnout profiles by occupation in a large, health care sector employee population and (b) to investigate how burnout profiles relate to self‐reported health behaviours, chronic conditions, and absenteeism. Burnout profiles were considered by 5 main occupational groups (physicians, nurses, other clinical, administrative, and wage grade [trade, craft, and labor workers]) in survey respondents (n = 86,257 employees). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine how burnout profiles were associated with health controlling for gender, age, race, ethnicity, and occupational group. Employees in the “Frustrated/Burning Up” and “Withdrawing/Burned Out” profiles, respectively, had significantly increased odds of anxiety (OR = 2.17; 99% CI [2.04, 2.31];OR = 2.21; 99% CI [2.05, 2.38]), depression (OR = 2.06; 99% CI [1.93, 2.20];OR = 2.20; 99% CI [2.04, 2.38]), sleep disorders (OR = 1.98; 99% CI [1.85, 2.12];OR = 1.97; 99% CI [1.81, 2.13]), low back disease (OR = 1.60; 99% CI [1.50, 1.71];OR = 1.58; 99% CI [1.47, 1.70]), physical inactivity (OR = 1.49; 99% CI [1.38, 1.60];OR = 1.68; 99% CI [1.54, 1.83]), and 5 or more days away from work (OR = 1.74; 99% CI [1.65, 1.85];OR = 2.15; 99% CI [2.01, 2.30]). Burnout is related to the health of employees. Burnout profiles offer a way to assess patterns of burnout by occupational group and may help customize future interventions.
Electrophoretic Deposited Stable Chitosan@MoS2 Coating with Rapid In Situ Bacteria‐Killing Ability under Dual‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Feng Zizhou , Liu Xiangmei , Tan Lei , Cui Zhenduo , Yang Xianjin , Li Zhaoyang , Zheng Yufeng , Yeung Kelvin Wai Kwok , Wu Shuilin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDeveloping in situ disinfection methods in vivo to avoid drug‐resistant bacteria and tissue toxicity is an urgent need. Here, the photodynamic and photothermal properties of the chitosan‐assisted MoS2 (CS@MoS2) hybrid coating are simultaneously inspired to endow metallic Ti implants with excellent surface self‐antibacterial capabilities. This coating, irradiated by only 660 nm visible light (VL) for 10 min, exhibits an antibacterial efficacy of 91.58% and 92.52% against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), respectively. The corresponding value is 64.67% and 57.44%, respectively, after irradiation by a single 808 nm near infrared light for the same amount of time. However, the combined irradiation using both lights can significantly enhance the efficiency up to 99.84% and 99.65% against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, which can be ascribed to the synergistic effects of photodynamic and photothermal actions. The former produces single oxygen species under 660 nm VL while the latter induces a rise in temperature of implants, which can inhibit the growth of both E. coli and S. aureus. The introduction of CS can also promote the biocompatibility of implants, which provides a facile, rapid, and safe in situ bacteria‐killing method in vivo without needing a second surgery.
Semiconducting Polymer Nanocavities: Porogenic Synthesis, Tunable Host–Guest Interactions, and Enhanced Drug/siRNA Delivery
Authors: Chen Haobin , Fang Xiaofeng , Jin Yue , Hu Xin , Yin Min , Men Xiaoju , Chen Nan , Fan Chunhai , Chiu Daniel T. , Wan Youzhong , Wu Changfeng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNanocavities composed of lipids and block polymers have demonstrated great potential in biomedical applications such as sensors, nanoreactors, and delivery vectors. However, it remains a great challenge to produce nanocavities from fluorescent semiconducting polymers owing to their hydrophobic rigid polymer backbones. Here, we describe a facile, yet general strategy that combines photocrosslinking with nanophase separation to fabricate multicolor, water‐dispersible semiconducting polymer nanocavities (PNCs). A photocrosslinkable semiconducting polymer is blended with a porogen such as degradable macromolecule to form compact polymer dots (Pdots). After crosslinking the polymer and removing the porogen, this approach yields semiconducting polymer nanospheres with open cavities that are tunable in diameter. Both small molecules and macromolecules can be loaded in the nanocavities, where molecular size can be differentiated by the efficiency of the energy transfer from host polymer to guest molecules. An anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox) is loaded into the nanocavities and the intracellular release is monitored in real time by the fluorescence signal. Finally, the efficient delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence gene expression without affecting cell viability is demonstrated. The combined features of bright fluorescence, tunable cavity, and efficient drug/siRNA delivery makes these nanostructures promising for biomedical imaging and drug delivery.
Ultrahigh‐Energy Density Lithium‐Ion Cable Battery Based on the Carbon‐Nanotube Woven Macrofilms
Authors: Wu Ziping , Liu Kaixi , Lv Chao , Zhong Shengwen , Wang Qinghui , Liu Ting , Liu Xianbin , Yin Yanhong , Hu Yingyan , Wei Di , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMoore's law predicts the performance of integrated circuit doubles every two years, lasting for more than five decades. However, the improvements of the performance of energy density in batteries lag far behind that. In addition, the poor flexibility, insufficient‐energy density, and complexity of incorporation into wearable electronics remain considerable challenges for current battery technology. Herein, a lithium‐ion cable battery is invented, which is insensitive to deformation due to its use of carbon nanotube (CNT) woven macrofilms as the charge collectors. An ultrahigh‐tap density of 10 mg cm−2 of the electrodes can be obtained, which leads to an extremely high‐energy density of 215 mWh cm−3. The value is approximately seven times than that of the highest performance reported previously. In addition, the battery displays very stable rate performance and lower internal resistance than conventional lithium‐ion batteries using metal charge collectors. Moreover, it demonstrates excellent convenience for connecting electronics as a new strategy is applied, in which both electrodes can be integrated into one end by a CNT macrorope. Such an ultrahigh‐energy density lithium‐ion cable battery provides a feasible way to power wearable electronics with commercial viability.
Supporting Elementary Students’ Reading of Difficult Texts
Authors: Strong John Z. , Amendum Steven J. , Conradi Smith Kristin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article was inspired by the fact that teachers have been asked to increase the difficulty of texts that students encounter without clear guidance on how to support their students when reading difficult texts. First, findings are presented from a recent review that investigated the effects of increased text difficulty on elementary students’ fluency and comprehension. Then, the authors draw on additional literature that provided practical recommendations for determining text difficulty, selecting texts, and supporting students when reading difficult texts. A planning template for small‐group instruction is provided to help elementary teachers address vocabulary and knowledge demands associated with difficult texts before reading, provide fluency and comprehension scaffolds according to students’ instructional needs during repeated reading, and ask text‐dependent questions after reading that support and consolidate learning from difficult texts.
Vibration suspension of Euler‐Bernoulli‐von Kármán beam subjected to oppositely moving loads by optimizing the placements of visco‐elastic dampers
Authors: Khurshudyan Asatur Zh. , Ohanyan Sergey K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPossibilities of control and suspension of bending vibrations of a geometrically nonlinear Euler‐Bernoulli beam subjected to two oppositely moving point loads in given finite time are considered. It is assumed that the beam undergoes large deformations and the nonlinear von Kármán strains are considered. The suspension is carried out by means of optimizing the placements of visco‐elastic dampers under the beam. By applying the modified Bubnov‐Galerkin procedure, it becomes possible to avoid linearization of the state equation. The validation of the theory is carried out on the example of a finite simply supported beam. It is observed that by optimizing the dampers placements, both the maximal absolute value of the beam transverse displacements and the vibration reduction time can be reduced.
Estimating hominid life history: the critical interbirth interval
Authors: Nakahashi Wataru , Horiuchi Shiro , Ihara Yasuo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnlike any great apes, humans have expanded into a wide variety of habitats during the course of evolution, beginning with the transition by australopithecines from forest to savanna habitation. Novel environments are likely to have imposed hominids a demographic challenge due to such factors as higher predation risk and scarcer food resources. In fact, recent studies have found a paucity of older relative to younger adults in hominid fossil remains, indicating considerably high adult mortality in australopithecines, early Homo, and Neanderthals. It is not clear to date why only human ancestors among all hominoid species could survive in these harsh environments. In this paper, we explore the possibility that hominids had shorter interbirth intervals to enhance fertility than the extant apes. To infer interbirth intervals in fossil hominids, we introduce the notion of the critical interbirth interval, or the threshold length of birth spacing above which a population is expected to go to extinction. We develop a new method to obtain the critical interbirth intervals of hominids based on the observed ratios of older adults to all adults in fossil samples. Our analysis suggests that the critical interbirth intervals of australopithecines, early Homo, and Neanderthals are significantly shorter than the observed interbirth intervals of extant great apes. We also discuss possible factors that may have caused the evolutionary divergence of hominid life history traits from those of great apes.
Effects of catechin-enriched ion beverage intake on thermoregulatory function in a hot environment
Authors: Nishimura Rumiko , Nishimura Naoki , Iwase Satoshi , Takeshita Masao , Katashima Mitsuhiro , Katsuragi Yoshihisa , Sato Motohiko 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We examined the effect of intake of a catechin-enriched ion beverage (Cat-I) on the thermoregulatory response in a hot environment. Eight healthy men were exposed to a hot environment for 90 min at an ambient temperature of 35 °C (relative humidity: 75%) combined with lower leg water immersion at 40 °C. At that time, either Cat-I, an ion beverage (Ion), or mineral water (Placebo) was consumed at three points: (1) at the start of lower leg immersion, (2) at 30 min after immersion, and (3) at 60 min after immersion. In all conditions, tympanic temperature (Tty) increased gradually during lower leg water immersion. However, the rate of increase of Tty tended to be suppressed after 30 min. The effect of drinking Cat-I had a limited detection period of approximately 60–70 min, and the rate of sweating was clearly increased with Cat-I compared with Ion and Placebo. Cat-I also tended to decrease the body temperature threshold at which sweating was induced compared with Ion or Placebo. These findings suggest that Cat-I efficiently suppressed the increase of body temperature in a hot environment.
Enriching the Interpretation of the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction: Characterizing Success in Treatment Satisfaction
Authors: Cappelleri Joseph C. , Tseng Li-Jung , Stecher Vera , Goldstein Irwin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Patient-reported outcomes, such as the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) index, are essential for successful evaluation and treatment of patients with erectile dysfunction.

Aim
To enrich interpretation of the EDITS index score and to complement the existing 0 to 100 scoring.

Methods
This supplemental analysis evaluated EDITS questionnaire data (11 items; index score range = 0–100; higher scores indicate more treatment satisfaction) after completion of an 8-week double-blinded trial of 279 men 18 to 65 years old with erectile dysfunction randomized to sildenafil 100 mg, sildenafil 50 mg, or placebo. Response options for each EDITS item were grouped into “success” (the 2 most satisfied or favorable responses) and “no success” (the remaining 3 responses). The binary response (success or no success) for each item was expressed as a function of overall EDITS score in a simple logistic regression model with all treatments combined.

Outcomes
Odds ratios and success probabilities (using Wald χ2 tests) were calculated for specified point differences and total EDITS index scores, respectively.

Results
EDITS index score increases corresponded with significant increases in odds of success in different EDITS aspects (P &lt; .0001 for all comparisons). For instance, a 10-point EDITS index score difference was associated with odds ratios of 11.3, 42.0, 17.7, and 6.8 for overall treatment satisfaction, treatment meeting expectations, satisfaction with treatment quickness, and satisfaction with how long treatment lasts, respectively. For a given EDITS index score, likelihood of success was determined for different aspects of treatment satisfaction. For example, a mean EDITS index score of 78 (sildenafil 100 mg; SD = 18) corresponded to 96%, 88%, 94%, and 88% chances of success for the 4 EDITS items referenced earlier, respectively. Corresponding probabilities for a mean EDITS index score of 50 (placebo; SD = 18) were 3%, less than 0.1%, 1%, and 4%, respectively.

Clinical Implications
Interpretation of the EDITS index score can be augmented using key aspects of treatment satisfaction as reported by the patient.

Strengths and Limitations
This analysis used a well-established anchor-based approach to interpret EDITS index scores. The methodology used and corresponding results are appropriate for clinical practice and clinical trial settings. Limitations include data evaluation only for the Patient EDITS and not the complementary Partner EDITS and use of data from a clinical trial enrolling a well-defined patient population only in stable relationships.

Conclusion
These results enable a meaningful interpretation of EDITS index scores, facilitating decision making by stakeholders for better-informed health care choices.
Observed winter salinity fields in the surface layer of the Arctic Ocean and statistical approaches to predicting large-scale anomalies and patterns
Authors: Cherniavskaia Ekaterina A. , Sudakov Ivan , Golden Kenneth M. , Strong Courtenay , Timokhov Leonid A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSignificant salinity anomalies have been observed in the Arctic Ocean surface layer during the last decade. Our study is based on an extensive gridded dataset of winter salinity in the upper 50 m layer of the Arctic Ocean for the periods 1950–1993 and 2007–2012, obtained from ~20 000 profiles. We investigate the interannual variability of the salinity fields, identify predominant patterns of anomalous behavior and leading modes of variability, and develop a statistical model for the prediction of surface-layer salinity. The statistical model is based on linear regression equations linking the principal components of surface-layer salinity obtained through empirical orthogonal function decomposition with environmental factors, such as atmospheric circulation, river runoff, ice processes and water exchange with neighboring oceans. Using this model, we obtain prognostic fields of the surface-layer salinity for the winter period 2013–2014. The prognostic fields generated by the model show tendencies of surface-layer salinification, which were also observed in previous years. Although the used data are proprietary and have gaps, they provide the most spatiotemporally detailed observational resource for studying multidecadal variations in basin-wide Arctic salinity. Thus, there is community value in the identification, dissemination and modeling of the principal modes of variability in this salinity record.
A content analysis of Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) strategies for communicating about clinical research participation online
Authors: Flood-Grady Elizabeth , Paige Samantha R. , Karimipour Nicki , Harris Paul A. , Cottler Linda B. , Krieger Janice L. 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionThere is a dearth of literature providing guidance on how to effectively communicate about clinical research (CR).MethodsUsing the transactional model of communication, a content analysis of the investigator (n=62) and participant (n=18) Web sites of institutions funded through the National Institutes of Health Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) was conducted to identify their strategies (e.g., messages) for communicating about CR participation.ResultsCTSAs targeted investigators with CR participation content across the main Web sites, although most CTSAs (n=55; 88.7%) also included CR participation content for participants. In total, 18 CTSAs (29%) hosted participant Web sites. Participant sites included 13 message types about CR participation (e.g., registry enrollment) and 5 additional channels (e.g., email, phone number) to communicate about CR. However, many CTSA participant Web sites excluded information explaining the CR process and offered CR content exclusively in English.ConclusionCTSAs should identify their target audience and design strategies (e.g., messages, channels) accordingly.
Endemic infection of the common mynahAcridotheres tristiswithTrichomonas gallinaethe agent of avian trichomonosis
Authors: Farooq Hassan Ali , Khan Hammad Ahmad , Alrefaei Abdulwahed Fahad , Tyler Kevin Morris 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAvian trichomonosis is an architypal disease of wild columbids and those birds that predate them. Increasingly though, it has been reported in passerines; a recent and ongoing epidemic in the chaffinches and greenfinches of Europe and outbreaks amongst house finches, American goldfinches and purple finches in North America. The parasite,Trichomonas gallinae, causes lesions in the upper respiratory tract which can cause mortality associated with dehydration and emaciation. This paper reports for the first time, the widespread, endemic and often asymptomatic infection of common mynah (Acridotheres tristis) around the Faisalabad District, Pakistan. Parasite typing was used to investigate the potential for transmission among the frequently sympatric species. Type C parasites were found in mynah, and while this is analagous to the pandemic finch strain which is Type A, it is the first known example of passerine infections of this parasite genotype. Subtype analysis showed the strain to be C4 a subtype which has a widespread distribution in columbids.
Vulnerability of megapodes (Megapodiidae, Aves) to climate change and related threats
Authors: RADLEY PAUL M. , DAVIS ROBERT A. , DEKKER RENÉ W.R.J. , MOLLOY SHAUN W. , BLAKE DAVID , HEINSOHN ROBERT 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYAspects of species life histories may increase their susceptibility to climate change. Owing to their exclusive reliance on environmental sources of heat for incubation, megapodes may be especially vulnerable. We employed a trait-based vulnerability assessment to weigh their exposure to projected climate variables of increasing temperatures, fluctuating rainfall and sea level rise and their biological sensitivity and capacity to adapt. While all 21 species were predicted to experience at least a 2 °C increase in mean annual temperature, 12 to experience a moderate or greater fluctuation in rainfall and 16 to experience rising seas, the most vulnerable megapodes are intrinsically rare and range restricted. Species that employ microbial decomposition for incubation may have an adaptive advantage over those that do not and may be more resilient to climate change. The moderate microclimate necessary for mound incubation, however, may in some areas be threatened by anthropogenic habitat loss exacerbated by warmer and seasonally drier conditions. As with many avian species, little is known about the capacity of megapodes to adapt to a changing climate. We therefore recommend that future research efforts investigate megapode fecundity, gene flow and genetic connectivity at the population level to better determine their adaptive capacity.