bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surfactant Protein A in particles in exhaled air (PExA), bronchial lavage and bronchial wash - a methodological comparison
Authors: Behndig Annelie F. , Mirgorodskaya Ekaterina , Blomberg Anders , Olin Anna-Carin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction
At present, there are few methods available for monitoring respiratory diseases affecting distal airways. Bronchoscopy is the golden standard for sampling the lower airways. The recently developed method for collecting non-volatile material from exhaled air – PExA (Particles in Exhaled air) is a promising new tool, but no direct comparison between the two methods has yet been performed. The aim of the present study was to compare sampling using PExA with bronchial wash (BW) representing the larger more proximal airways and broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) representing the distal airways.

Methods
15 healthy non-smoking subjects (7 female/8 male), age 28 ± 4 years, with normal lung function were included in the study. PExA-sampling (2 × 250 ng particles) and bronchoscopy with BW (2 × 20 ml) and BAL (3 × 60 ml sterile saline) was performed. Albumin and Surfactant Protein A (SP-A) were analyzed with ELISA, and analyses of correlation were performed.

Results
A significant association was found between BAL-fluid albumin and PExA-albumin (rs:0.65 p = 0.01). There was also an association between SP-A in PExA and BAL, when corrected for albumin concentration (rs:0.61, p = 0.015). When correlating concentrations of albumin and SP-A in bronchial wash and PExA respectively, no associations were found.

Conclusions
This is the first direct comparison between the bronchoscopy-based BW/BAL-fluids and material collected using the PExA methodology. Both albumin and albumin-corrected SP-A concentrations were significantly associated between BAL and PExA, however, no such association was found in either marker between BW and PExA. These results indicate that the PExA method samples the distal airways. PExA is thus considered a new promising non-invasive assessment for monitoring of the distal airways.
Capillary blood as an alternative specimen for enumeration of percentages of lymphocyte subsets
Authors: Srisala Supanart , Pongsakul Nutkridta , Sahakijpicharn Thiantip , Hongeng Suradej , Chutipongtanate Somchai , Apiwattanakul Nopporn 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
Capillary blood has been increasingly used in point-of-care setting for clinical monitoring in immunology and infectious diseases. We explored whether percentages of lymphocyte subsets (T-cells; CD3+, helper T-cells; CD4+, cytotoxic T-cells; CD8+, B-cells; CD19+, NK cells; CD56+, gamma delta T-cells, and regulatory T-cells) with regard to total lymphocyte count from capillary and venous blood of healthy volunteers were in good agreement.

Results
All percentages of lymphocyte subsets with regard to total lymphocyte count from capillary blood were significantly correlated with those from venous blood (r ≥ 0.9 for every cell type). However, Bland–Altman plots showed high agreement between capillary and venous samples only in those of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells (limit of agreement percentages from mean venous blood < 20%). However, the agreement of percentages of other lymphocyte subsets from venous and capillary blood was mediocre. We concluded that capillary blood could be used as an alternative for venous blood to determine percentages of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells with regard to total lymphocyte count.
Evidence of early amorphous arsenic sulfide production and use in Edo period Japanese woodblock prints by Hokusai and Kunisada
Authors: Vermeulen Marc , Leona Marco 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study explores the evolution of the manufacturing process of artificial arsenic sulfide pigments in Edo-period Japan through the analysis of three impressions of the same print dated from the 1830s and attributed to Katsushika Hokusai (1760–1849), and one from 1852 and attributed to Utagawa Kunisada (1786–1865). Colorants in the yellow and green areas of the four prints were investigated by means of non-invasive and microanalytical techniques such as optical microscopy, fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. While the pigments in the green and yellow areas are similar throughout the set of prints—Prussian blue, indigo (for the Hokusai prints) and orpiment were identified—optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy highlighted some variations in the orpiment used in the green areas of the prints. Two of the Hokusai prints present bright yellow particles of larger size and lamellar morphology, identified by Raman spectroscopy as natural orpiment. The third print presents an admixture of bright yellow natural orpiment particles with a smaller number of orange-yellow particles shown by Raman to be partially amorphous arsenic sulfide. Small bright yellow particles identified as fully amorphous arsenic sulfide pigments by Raman were found throughout the green areas of the Kunisada print. Although supported by Japanese historical sources, local production of artificial arsenic sulfide in the early nineteenth century was not previously documented. The simultaneous presence of both crystalline and amorphous domains in a single pigment particle in some of the Hokusai prints suggests that natural orpiment was used as primary source of arsenic for the production of a low grade artificial pigment. The pigment found in the Kunisada print, by contrast, was obtained from arsenic oxide (or arsenolite) and sulfur though a dry-process synthesis, as shown by the sulfur excess, signs of heat treatments and fully amorphous nature of the pigment. These findings set the earliest dates for both the ore sublimation process and the arsenolite dry process, and are of foremost importance to understand the evolution of the amorphous arsenic sulfide production in Edo-period Japan and its introduction in the palette of Japanese woodblock prints.
Leydig Cell Function in Male Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report From the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Chemaitilly Wassim , Liu Qi , van Iersel Laura , Ness Kirsten K. , Li Zhenghong , Wilson Carmen L. , Brinkman Tara M. , Klosky James L. , Barnes Nicole , Clark Karen L. , Howell Rebecca M. , Smith Susan A. , Krasin Matthew J. , Metzger Monika L. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Bishop Michael W. , van Santen Hanneke M. , Pui Ching-Hon , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Yasui Yutaka , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Green Daniel M. , Sklar Charles A. 
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE Direct assessment of Leydig cell function in childhood cancer survivors has been limited. The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of and risk factors for Leydig cell failure (LCF), Leydig cell dysfunction (LCD), and associated adverse health outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this retrospective study with cross-sectional health outcomes analysis, we evaluated 1,516 participants (median age, 30.8 years) at a median of 22.0 years after cancer diagnosis. LCF was defined as serum total testosterone less than 250 ng/dL (or 8.67 nmol/L) and luteinizing hormone greater than 9.85 IU/L, and LCD by testosterone as 250 ng/dL or greater and luteinizing hormone greater than 9.85 IU/L. Polytomous logistic regression evaluated associations with demographic and treatment-related risk factors. Log-binomial regression evaluated associations with adverse physical and psychosocial outcomes. Piecewise exponential models assessed the association with all-cause mortality. RESULTS The prevalence of LCF and LCD was 6.9% and 14.7%, respectively. Independent risk factors for LCF included an age of 26 years or older at assessment, testicular radiotherapy at any dose, and alkylating agents at cyclophosphamide equivalent doses of 4,000 mg/m2 or greater. The risk increased with older age, higher doses of testicular radiotherapy, and cyclophosphamide equivalent doses. LCF was significantly associated with abdominal obesity, diabetes mellitus, erectile dysfunction, muscle weakness, and all-cause mortality. LCD was associated with unilateral orchiectomy and the same risk factors as LCF; no significant associations were found with adverse physical or psychosocial outcomes. CONCLUSION Older age, testicular radiotherapy, and exposure to alkylating agents were associated with LCF, which was associated with adverse physical and psychosexual outcomes. LCD, although having similar risk factors, was not associated with adverse health outcomes. Additional studies are needed to investigate the role of sex hormone replacement in mitigating the burden from adverse outcomes in survivors.
Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 Interacts With PGC1α and Modulates Thermogenic Fat Activation
Authors: Qiao Xiaona , Kim Dong-il , Jun Heejin , Ma Yingxu , Knights Alexander J , Park Min-Jung , Zhu Kezhou , Lipinski Jay H , Liao Jiling , Li Yiming , Richard Stéphane , Weinman Steven A , Wu Jun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are enzymes that regulate the evolutionarily conserved process of arginine methylation. It has been reported that PRMTs are involved in many metabolic regulatory pathways. However, until now, their roles in adipocyte function, especially browning and thermogenesis, have not been evaluated. Even though Prmt1 adipocyte-specific–deleted mice (Prmt1fl/flAQcre) appeared normal at basal level, following cold exposure or β-adrenergic stimulation, impaired induction of the thermogenic program was observed in both the interscapular brown adipose tissue and inguinal white adipose tissue of Prmt1fl/flAQcre mice compared with littermate controls. Different splicing variants of Prmt1 have been reported. Among them, PRMT1 variant 1 and PRMT1 variant 2 (PRMT1V2) are well conserved between humans and mice. Both variants contribute to the activation of thermogenic fat, with PRMT1V2 playing a more dominant role. Mechanistic studies using cultured murine and human adipocytes revealed that PRMT1V2 mediates thermogenic fat activation through PGC1α, a transcriptional coactivator that has been shown to play a key role in mitochondrial biogenesis. To our knowledge, our data are the first to demonstrate that PRMT1 plays a regulatory role in thermogenic fat function. These findings suggest that modulating PRMT1 activity may represent new avenues to regulate thermogenic fat and mediate energy homeostasis. This function is conserved in human primary adipocytes, suggesting that further investigation of this pathway may ultimately lead to therapeutic strategies against human obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Hofland Johannes , Kaltsas Gregory , de Herder Wouter W 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNeuroendocrine neoplasms constitute a diverse group of tumors that derive from the sensory and secretory neuroendocrine cells and predominantly arise within the pulmonary and gastrointestinal tracts. The majority of these neoplasms have a well-differentiated grade and are termed neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). This subgroup is characterized by limited proliferation and patients affected by these tumors carry a good to moderate prognosis. A substantial subset of patients presenting with a NET suffer from the consequences of endocrine syndromes as a result of the excessive secretion of amines or peptide hormones, which can impair their quality of life and prognosis. Over the past 15 years, critical developments in tumor grading, diagnostic biomarkers, radionuclide imaging, randomized controlled drug trials, evidence-based guidelines, and superior prognostic outcomes have substantially altered the field of NET care. Here, we review the relevant advances to clinical practice that have significantly upgraded our approach to NET patients, both in diagnostic and in therapeutic options.
Body Mass Index and Mortality in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Dahlström Emma H , Sandholm Niina , Forsblom Carol M , Thorn Lena M , Jansson Fanny J , Harjutsalo Valma , Groop Per-Henrik 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Context
The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality may differ between patients with type 1 diabetes and the general population; it is not known which clinical characteristics modify the relationship.

Objective
Our aim was to assess the relationship between BMI and mortality and the interaction with clinically meaningful factors.

Design, Setting, and Participants
This prospective study included 5836 individuals with type 1 diabetes from the FinnDiane study.

Main Outcome Measure and Methods
We retrieved death data for all participants on 31 December 2015. We estimated the effect of BMI on the risk of mortality using a Cox proportional hazards model with BMI as a restricted cubic spline as well as effect modification by adding interaction terms to the spline.

Results
During a median of 13.7 years, 876 individuals died. The relationship between baseline BMI and all-cause mortality was reverse J-shaped. When analyses were restricted to those with normal albumin excretion rate, the relationship was U-shaped. The nadir BMI (BMI with the lowest mortality) was in the normal weight region (24.3 to 24.8 kg/m2); however, among individuals with diabetic nephropathy, the nadir BMI was in the overweight region (25.9 to 26.1 kg/m2). Diabetic nephropathy, diabetes-onset age, and sex modified the relationship between BMI and mortality (Pinteraction < 0.05).

Conclusions
Normal weight is optimal for individuals with type 1 diabetes to delay mortality, whereas underweight might be an indication of underlying complications. Maintaining normal weight may translate into reduced risk of mortality in type 1 diabetes, particularly for individuals of male sex, later diabetes-onset age, and normal albumin excretion rate.
Heat resilience in embryonic zebrafish revealed using an in vivo stress granule reporter
Authors: Wang Ruiqi , Zhang Hefei , Du Jiulin , Xu Jin 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Although the regulation of stress granules has become an intensely studied topic, current investigations of stress granule assembly, disassembly and dynamics are mainly performed in cultured cells. Here, we report the establishment of a stress granule reporter to facilitate the real-time study of stress granules in vivo. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we fused a green fluorescence protein (GFP) to endogenous G3BP1 in zebrafish. The GFP–G3BP1 reporter faithfully and robustly responded to heat stress in zebrafish embryos and larvae. The induction of stress granules varied by brain regions under the same stress condition, with the midbrain cells showing the highest efficiency and dynamics. Furthermore, pre-conditioning using lower heat stress significantly limited stress granule formation during subsequent higher heat stress. More interestingly, stress granule formation was much more robust in zebrafish embryos than in larvae and coincided with significantly elevated levels of phosphorylated eIF2α and enhanced heat resilience. Therefore, these findings have generated new insights into stress response in zebrafish during early development and demonstrated that the GFP–G3BP1 knock-in zebrafish could be a valuable tool for the investigation of stress granule biology.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, range of movement and hindfoot deviation are important determinants of foot function in children
Authors: Alves C. , Lysenko M. , Tomlinson G. A. , Donovan J. , Narayanan U. G. , Feldman B. M. , Wright J. G. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose Paediatric foot surgery is often performed to restore anatomical shape or range of movement (ROM). The purpose of this study was to determine how foot morphology and ROM are associated with foot function in children aged five to 16 years of age. Methods Participants included 89 patients with foot disorders and 58 healthy controls. In addition to measuring children's foot alignment and ankle ROM, children and parents completed the Oxford Ankle and Foot Questionnaire (OxAFQ). Results Mean age was 10.3 years for patients and 10.6 years for controls; 53 of 89 patients had clubfoot. All foot measurements and scores on the OxAFQ significantly differed (p < 0.001) between patients and controls. Patients and their parents significantly differed on the physical (p = 0.03) and emotional (p = 0.02) domains of the OxAFQ, with parents’ ratings being lower than their children. Moderate correlations (r = 0.54 to 0.059; p < 0.001) were found between physical domain (reported by parents on the OxAFQ) and dorsiflexion-knee flexed, and foot- arc-of-movement. Moderate correlations were found between physical domain (reported by children on OxAFQ) and foot-arc-of-movement (r = 0.56; p < 0.001). Patients in the surgical group showed moderate correlations (r = 0.57;, p < 0.001) between physical domain (reported by children on OxAFQ) and plantar flexion, and foot arc-of-movement. The control group and the patients in non-surgical subgroup showed no significant correlations. Conclusion Plantar flexion, arc of ankle ROM and hindfoot alignment impact foot function in children with foot deformities. Parents report significantly lower scores on the OxAFQ when judging foot functioning. Level of evidence Level II. Prognostic Studies
Reviews
Authors: Lauret Maria , Dix Andrew , McBean Sam , Raynaud Claudine , Brewer Mary F. 
Published: September 2019

Born Translated: The Contemporary Novel in an Age of World Literature, Rebecca L. Walkowitz (2015) New York: Columbia University Press, 322 pp., ISBN 978-0-23116-595-2, p/bk., £20.00
Film Blackness: American Cinema and the Idea of Black Film, Michael Boyce Gillespie (2016) Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 231 pp., ISBN 978-0-82236-205-0, h/bk, £69.40; p/bk, £18.99
Queer Experimental Literature: The Affective Politics of Bad Reading, Tyler Bradway (2017) New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, lxiii + 268 pp., ISBN 978-1-34995-554-1, p/bk, £22.99
Me and My House: James Baldwin’s Last Decade in France, Magdalena Zaborowska (2018) Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 193 pp., ISBN 978-0-82236-983-7, h/bk, £87, p/bk £6.59
The Theatre of August Wilson, Alan Nadel (2018) London: Methuen, 224 pp., ISBN 978-1-47253-048-6, h/bk, £67.50; p/bk, £15.29
Serviço Social com perspectiva feminista
Authors: Lisboa Teresa Kleba , Oliveira Catarina Nascimento de 
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo objetiva refletir sobre a produção do conhecimento em Serviço Social e sua inter-relação com os Estudos Feministas, com o propósito de contribuir para a construção de novas cartografias de saberes. Amparado na Epistemologia Feminista, o texto busca desvendar as fissuras que avançam no campo do conhecimento, num período de profundas e aceleradas transformações, no sentido de contribuir com propostas teóricas a partir de uma renovada ênfase nas fronteiras interseccionais, transversais, interdisciplinares entre as categorias gênero, raça/etnia, sexualidade, classe, geração entre outras. O percurso argumentativo acompanhará uma sequência de reflexões realizadas ao longo de anos de experiência, tanto na prática acadêmica, como nos trabalhos de campo realizados através de Projetos de Pesquisa e Extensão, mais especificamente, com mulheres atendidas pelas Instituições que possuem em seus quadros profissionais de Serviço Social, mulheres em situação de violência e assessoria em Conselhos de Direitos Municipal e Estadual de Políticas para Mulheres.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Epistemologias Feministas. Gênero. Interseccionalidade. Serviço Social.

ABSTRACT
This article aims to reflect on the production of knowledge in Social Work and its interrelationship with Feminist Studies, with the purpose of contributing to the construction of new cartographies of knowledge. Based on Feminist Epistemology, the text seeks to unravel as fissures that advance in the field of knowledge, in a period of profound and accelerated transformations, in the sense of contributing with theoretical proposals from a renewed emphasis on intersectional, transversal, interdisciplinary boundaries between as gender categories, race / ethnicity, sexuality, class, generation, among others. The argumentative course will follow a series of reflections carried out over years of experience, both in academic practice and in the fieldwork carried out through Research and Extension Projects, more specifically, with women attended by the Institutions they have in their professional settings of Social Service, women in situations of violence and evaluation in Councils of Municipal and State Rights of Policies for Women.
KEYWORDS: Feminist Epistemologies. Genre. Intersectionality. Social service.
Osservazioni semantiche e cronologiche
Authors: Casadei Alberto 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Beitrag revidiert die bisherige Forschung zu den Bezügen zwischen Dantes Brief an Malaspina und der sogenannten »canzone Montanina«, um zu klären, zu welchem Zeitpunkt Dante sie vom Casentino aus nach Lunigiana hatte schicken können. Die vorgeschlagene Datierungshypothese (im fortgeschrittenen Jahr 1307) führt zu neuen Erkenntnissen bezüglich Dantes Biographie und seinem Abbruch des Convivio-Projekts.
Culture, Entrepreneurship and Economic Development. An Empirical Approach
Authors: Achim Monica Violeta , Borlea Sorin Nicolae , Văidean Viorela Ligia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the influence of culture on the level of entrepreneurship and the possible moderating role of the level of economic development upon this relationship. For our purpose, an initial sample of 125 countries (43 high-income and 82 low-income countries) is used, over the 2006–2016 time period. At first, we use a panel analysis of the reduced sample which is furthermore completed by a hierarchical regression analysis. Our main results provide clear evidence that culture represents an important predictor of the level of entrepreneurship. Among the dimensions of culture, uncertainty avoidance and indulgence versus restraint are found to have the highest influence upon the level of entrepreneurship. Moreover, our empirical findings reveal that the relationship between culture and entrepreneurship is moderated differently by economic development. Thus, high-income countries face a three times higher rate of entrepreneurship than low-income countries. Our findings suggest that culture is more valued in high-income countries offering a higher social support in entrepreneurial activities than in low-income countries. We also find that some cultural patterns such as individualism, femininity, low uncertainly avoidance, short-term orientation or restrain may stimulate entrepreneurship in high-income countries but may be very dysfunctional in low-income countries. Our findings are also useful for policy makers to acknowledge the relationship between the cultural values of a country and its entrepreneurial activities, in order to adjust their policy measures for a better stimulation of the business environment.