bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of endovascular repair of ascending aortic dissection
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Zhenjiang , Li Shuangshuang , Zhao Zhiqing , Bao Junmin , Zhou Jian , Jing Zaiping 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundEndovascular repair has been used in selected ascending aortic dissection patients judged unfit for direct open surgery. However, the selective criteria and the results of endovascular repair of ascending aortic dissection, and the potential risk factors of adverse events were still obscure. The aim of this study was to summarize the published data linking endovascular therapy for ascending aortic dissection.MethodsStudies reporting endovascular repair of ascending aortic dissections were identified by searching PubMed and Embase databases in accordance with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses guidelines, and by reviewing the reference lists of retrieved articles. All available data were pooled and the subgroup analyses were conducted.ResultsA total of nine studies were identified according to the inclusion criteria. The overall technical success was 91.7%. The mean period of follow‐up was 34.7 months. The early mortality within 30 days and late mortality during the follow‐up were 10.3% and 19.0%, respectively. The incidence of endoleak was 14.3%. In the subgroup analysis, we found that female and oversizing >10% were risk factors of adverse events.ConclusionsThe pooled results suggested that endovascular repair of ascending aortic dissection was feasible, promising, and inspiring. The selection of endovascular therapy should be cautious based on preoperative evaluation. Application of different strategies for different ascending lesions should be considered. The dedicated endograft for ascending aorta is desperately needed before broader application of endovascular repair for ascending aortic pathologies can be achieved.
Acute pulmonary embolism unmasking underlying chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and iliac vein compression syndrome
Authors: Brener Michael I. , Green Philip , Parikh Sahil A. , Sethi Sanjum S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe describe the case of a 72‐year‐old gentleman who was referred to our institution for management of cardiogenic shock from a massive pulmonary embolism. Right heart catheterization revealed a low cardiac index and markedly elevated pulmonary pressures, suggested long‐standing venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease that evolved into chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The patient was cannulated to veno‐arterial extra‐corporeal membrane oxygenation and eventually treated with pulmonary embolectomy and thromboendarterectomy. Subsequently discovered inferior vena cava clot and left iliac deep vein thrombosis were treated with suction and mechanical thrombectomy. Intravascular ultrasound of the left lower extremity venous system identified iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) as the culprit of the patient's VTE and CTEPH. A left iliac stent was placed and the patient was discharged on Warfarin for anticoagulation. The case illustrates the rapidly expanding armamentarium for VTE treatment and proposes IVCS as a new, potentially underrecognized risk factor for CTEPH.
Spontaneous subgaleal hematoma in a patient with sickle cell disease: A case report and literature review
Authors: Foula Mohammed S. , Hassan Ali , AlQurashi Ahmed , Alsaihati Amna , Sharroufna Mohammed 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is a common hemoglobin disorder with variable clinical manifestations. Spontaneous subgaleal hematoma is rare, with sporadic cases reported in patients with SCD. Most cases resolve with conservative measures. Skull bone infarction should be considered a possible cause of severe acute headache in patients with SCD.
High‐Throughput Synthesis and Characterization of Aryl Silicones by Using the Piers–Rubinsztajn Reaction
Authors: Schneider Alyssa F. , Brook Michael A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractArylsilicones are widely exploited for their thermal and optical properties. The creation of phenylsilicone elastomers with specific physical properties is typically done by a “one‐off” formulation and test process. Herein, it is demonstrated that high‐throughput synthesis methods can be used to rapidly prepare a series of arylsilicone elastomers and then the relative impact of different aryl groups on their physical properties is assessed. Aromatic groups were incorporated into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomers by exploiting the relative reactivity of different functional groups in the Piers–Rubinsztajn reaction. To analyze trends in the silicone mechanical properties as a function of increasing aryl concentration—structure/property relationships—libraries of elastomers were both quickly synthesized and characterized by using high‐throughput suites starting from low viscosity silicone oils/monomers in 96‐well plates. Liquid handling parameters were optimized to effectively work with the silicones. Incorporating aryl instead of alkyl crosslinkers into the PDMS backbone increased the silicone elastomer modulus by approximately 50 % (at a crosslink density of 6 %); elastomers prepared with an aromatic crosslinker with three contact points led to much higher moduli compared with those with one contact point at the same crosslink density. When located at precise rather than random points on the silicone chains, diphenylsilicones had lower moduli than analogous monophenylsilicones.
A Light‐Activated Acyl Carrier Protein “Trap” for Intermediate Capture in Type II Iterative Polyketide Biocatalysis
Authors: Kilgour Samantha L. , Kilgour David P. A. , Prasongpholchai Panward , O'Connor Peter B. , Tosin Manuela 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA discrete acyl carrier protein (ACP) bearing a photolabile nonhydrolysable carba(dethia) malonyl pantetheine cofactor was chemoenzymatically prepared and utilised for the trapping of biosynthetic polyketide intermediates following light activation. From the in vitro assembly of the polyketides SEK4 and SEK4b, by the type II actinorhodin “minimal” polyketide synthase (PKS), a range of putative ACP‐bound diketides, tetraketides, pentaketides and hexaketides were identified and characterised by FT‐ICR‐MS, providing direct insights on active site accessibility and substrate processing for this enzyme class.
Syntheses, Structures, and Spectroscopic Properties of 1,10‐Phenanthroline‐Based Macrocycles Threaded by PtC8Pt, PtC12Pt, and PtC16Pt Axles: Metal‐Capped Rotaxanes as Insulated Molecular Wires
Authors: Amini Hashem , Baranová Zuzana , Weisbach Nancy , Gauthier Sébastien , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Reibenspies Joseph H. , Gladysz John A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe platinum polyynyl complexes trans‐(C6F5)(p‐tol3P)2Pt(C≡C)n/2H undergo oxidative homocoupling (O2, CuCl/TMEDA) to diplatinum polyynediyl complexes trans, trans‐(C6F5)(p‐tol3P)2Pt(C≡C)nPt(Pp‐tol3)2(C6F5) (n=4, 2; 6, 5; 8, 8; 92–97 %) as reported previously. When related reactions are conducted in the presence of CuI adducts of the 1,10‐phenanthroline‐based macrocycles 2,9‐(1,10‐phenanthrolinediyl)(p‐C6H4O(CH2)6O)2(1,3‐C6H4) (10, 33‐membered) or 2,9‐(1,10‐phenanthrolinediyl)(p‐C6H4O(CH2)6O)2(2,7‐naphthalenediyl) (11, 35‐membered), excess K2CO3, and I2 (oxidant), rotaxanes are isolated that feature a Pt(C≡C)nPt axle that has been threaded through the macrocycle (2⋅10, 9 %; 5⋅10, 41 %; 5⋅11, 28 %; 8⋅10, 12 %; 8⋅11, 9 %). Their crystal structures are determined and analyzed in detail, particularly with respect to geometric perturbations and the degree of steric sp carbon chain insulation. NMR spectra show a number of shielding effects. UV/Vis spectra do not indicate significant electronic interactions between the Pt(C≡C)nPt axles and macrocycles, although cyclic voltammetry data suggest rapid reactions following oxidation.
Synthesis and characterization of visible light driven N—Fe‐codoped TiO2/SiO2 for simultaneous photoremoval of Cr (VI) and azo dyes in a novel fixed bed continuous flow photoreactor
Authors: Ghanbari Sina , Givianrad Mohammad Hadi , Aberoomand Azar Parviz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractN─Fe‐codoped TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposites were prepared and stabilized onto glass beads by coupling two methods of dip coating and heat attachment. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by DRS‐UV/vis, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, TEM, XPS, and N2 adsorption/desorption analyses. The operational parameters of pH, flow rate, and the photoreactor's angle against sunlight were optimized to achieve the highest degradation efficiency. Then, the photocatalytic efficacy of the prepared substrates was examined in a novel fabricated photoreactor on a complex pollutant mixture consisting of Cr (VI), BR‐29, BB‐41, and BY‐51, under two irradiation sources of visible light and sunlight. Moreover, to virtualize the process under natural irradiation conditions, the effectiveness of the performance was evaluated in various outdoor climate circumstances. Consequently, the results demonstrated the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the prepared nanocomposites under visible and solar irradiations. The removal percentages were also considerable under a partly cloudy sky and were 91.73%, 85.64%, 87.23%, and 58.59% for Cr (VI), BR‐29, BB‐41, and BY‐51, respectively. The results showed the promising activity of the innovative photoreactor and the as‐prepared nanocomposites for photocatalytic remediation of the water pollutants under natural climate conditions.
Effect of Edge Functionalization on the Bottom‐Up Synthesis of Nano‐Graphenes
Authors: Ohtomo Manabu , Hayashi Hironobu , Hayashi Kenjiro , Jippo Hideyuki , Zhu Juanjuan , Hayashi Ryunosuke , Yamaguchi Junichi , Ohfuchi Mari , Yamada Hiroko , Sato Shintaro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate the effect of edge functionalization on the on‐surface Ullmann coupling of nano‐carbon materials. Unlike 10,10′‐Dibromo‐9,9′‐bianthryl (DBBA), which is widely known to form anthracene polymers and armchair‐edge graphene nanoribbons on Au(111), newly‐developed precursor named 5‐bromo‐11(10‐bromoanthracene‐9‐yl)anthra[2,3‐b : 7,6‐b′]dithiophene (BABAT) with isomers, which has similar structure as DBBA with one anthracene substituted with anthradithiophene, was found to make intramolecular C−C bonding instead of long anthracene polymers after annealing at 200 °C on Au(111). The mechanism was investigated using first‐principle density functional theory, which revealed that on‐surface polymerization is not kinetically preferred in case of BABAT. The reaction rate of intramolecular C−C bonding of BABAT is ∼206 times faster than that of DBBA. The intramolecular C−C bonding in DBBA biradicals, on the other hand, do not take place because of faster reverse reaction. By referring to electron density of BABAT biradicals, it was concluded that thiophene functionalization modifies distribution of electron density in BABAT radicals and facilitates electrophilic addition, leading to intramolecular C−C bonding after 200 °C annealing. These results indicate that the design of radical moiety is particularly important in the on‐surface Ullmann‐type coupling.
Bottom‐Up Fabrication of 1D Cu‐based Conductive Metal–Organic Framework Nanowires as a High‐Rate Anode towards Efficient Lithium Storage
Authors: Guo Lingzhi , Sun Jinfeng , Zhang Wenheng , Hou Linrui , Liang Longwei , Liu Yang , Yuan Changzhou 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), as a newly emerging multifunctional material, hold enormous promise in electrochemical energy‐storage systems owing to their merits including good electronic conductivity, large surface area, appropriate pore structure, and environmental friendliness. In this contribution, a scalable solvothermal strategy was devised for the bottom‐up fabrication of 1D Cu‐based conductive MOF, that is, Cu3(2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexahydroxytriphenylene)2 (Cu‐CAT) nanowires (NWs), which were further utilized as a competitive anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The intrinsic Li storage mechanism of the Cu‐CAT electrode was also explored. Benefiting from its structural virtues, the resultant 1D Cu‐CAT NWs were endowed with superb Li+ diffusion coefficients and electrochemical conductivities and exhibited remarkably high‐rate reversible capacities of approximately 631 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and even approximately 381 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1, along with striking capacity retention of 81 % after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. In addition, a Cu‐CAT NWs‐based full cell assembled with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 as the cathode displayed a large energy density of approximately 275 Wh kg−1 as well as excellent cycling behavior. These results manifest the promising application of 1D conductive Cu‐CAT NWs in advanced LIBs and even other potential versatile energy‐related fields.
Bioturbation by a reintroduced digging mammal reduces fuel loads in an urban reserve
Authors: Ryan C. M. , Hobbs R. J. , Valentine L. E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDigging animals may alter many characteristics of their environment as they disrupt and modify the ground's surface by creating foraging pits or burrows. Extensive disturbance to the soil and litter layer changes litter distribution and availability, potentially altering fuel loads. In many landscapes, including peri‐urban areas, fire management to reduce fuel loads is complex and challenging. The reintroduction of previously common digging animals, many of which are now threatened, may have the added benefit of reducing fuel loads. We experimentally examined how the reintroduction of a marsupial bandicoot, quenda (Isoodon fusciventer), altered surface fuel loads in an urban bush reserve in Perth, Western Australia. Foraging activities of quenda (where they dig for subterranean food) were substantial throughout the reserve, creating a visibly patchy distribution in surface litter. Further, in open plots where quenda had access, compared to fenced plots where quenda were excluded, quenda foraging significantly reduced litter cover and litter depth. Similarly, estimated surface fuel loads were nearly halved in open plots where quenda foraged compared to fenced plots where quenda were absent (3.6 cf. 6.4 Mg/ha). Fire behavior modeling, using the estimated surface fuel loads, indicated the predicted rate of spread of fire were significantly lower for open plots where quenda foraged compared to fenced plots under both low (29.2 cf. 51.4 m/h; total fuels) and high (74.3 cf. 130.4 m/h; total fuels) fire conditions. Although many environments require fire, including the bushland where this study occurred, fire management can be a considerable challenge in many landscapes, including urban bushland reserves, which are usually small and close to human infrastructure. The reintroduction of previously common digging species may have potential value as a complimentary tool for reducing fuel loads, and potentially, fire risk.
Helianthus maximiliani and species fine‐scale spatial pattern affect diversity interactions in reconstructed tallgrass prairies
Authors: McKenna Thomas P. , McDonnell Jack , Yurkonis Kathryn A. , Brophy Caroline 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function analyses aim to explain how individual species and their interactions affect ecosystem function. With this study, we asked in what ways do species interact, are these interactions affected by species planting pattern, and are initial (planted) proportions or previous year (realized) proportions a better reference point for characterizing grassland diversity effects?

We addressed these questions with experimental communities compiled from a pool of 16 tallgrass prairie species. We planted all species in monocultures and mixtures that varied in their species richness, evenness, and spatial pattern. We recorded species‐specific biomass production over three growing seasons and fitted Diversity‐Interactions (DI) models to annual plot biomass yields.

In the establishment season, all species interacted equally to form the diversity effect. In years 2 and 3, each species contributed a unique additive coefficient to its interaction with every other species to form the diversity effect. These interactions were affected by Helianthus maximiliani and the species planting pattern. Models based on species planted proportions better‐fit annual plot yield than models based on species previous contributions to plot biomass.

Outcomes suggest that efforts to plant tallgrass prairies to maximize diversity effects should focus on the specific species present and in what arrangement they are planted. Furthermore, for particularly diverse grasslands, the effort of collecting annual species biomass data may not be necessary when quantifying diversity effects with DI models.
Thiol‐ene photoclick reaction: An eco‐friendly and facile approach for preparation of MPEG‐g‐keratin biomaterial
Authors: Ye Xianpan , Yuan Jiugang , Jiang Zhe , Wang Shuoxuan , Wang Ping , Wang Qiang , Cui Li 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWool keratin is a natural material with excellent properties, which is considered as scaffold biomaterial for tissue engineering. Polyethylene glycol can improve the mechanical properties of keratin materials because of its excellent biocompatibility and plasticity. In the present work, poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (MPEGMA) was grafted onto keratin by thiol‐ene photoclick reaction. The results of FTIR and SDS‐PAGE verified the successful reaction between MPEGMA and keratin. Compared with the keratin, circular dichroism and XRD results showed that the β‐sheet ratio increased in MPEG‐g‐keratin. Additionally, it can be found that the exposure of keratin hydrophobic amino acids increased quickly and the micelle size became larger due to the introduction of MPEG from the results of fluorescence spectroscopy and particle size analysis. The MPEG‐g‐ keratin was formed into a membrane to further study the application of the modified keratin. Compared with the keratin membrane, the flexibility and biocompatibility of modified keratin have been improved. This work provides an eco‐friendly and facile approach for preparation of the keratin biomaterials.
Properties of human astrocytes and NG2 glia
Authors: Bedner Peter , Jabs Ronald , Steinhäuser Christian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSince animal models are inevitable for medical research, information on species differences in glial cell properties is critical for successful translational research. Here, we review current knowledge about morphological and functional properties of human astrocytes and NG2 glial cells and compare these data with those obtained for the comparable cells in rodents. Morphological analyses of astrocytes in the neocortex of rodents versus humans have demonstrated clear differences. In contrast, the functional properties of astrocytes or NG2 glial cells in these species are surprisingly similar. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution, as so far functional analyses of human cells are only available from neocortex and hippocampus, and it is known from rodent studies that the properties of astrocytes in different brain regions may vary considerably. Moreover, technical challenges render astrocyte electrophysiological measurements in situ unreliable, and human cell properties may be affected by medications. Nevertheless, based on the limited data currently available, there is substantial similarity between human and rodent astrocytes with regard to those functional properties studied to date. The unique morphological characteristics of astrocytes in human neocortex call for further physiological analysis. The basic properties for NG2 glia are even less completely evaluated with regard to the question of species differences but no glaring differences have been reported so far. In conclusion, it remains justifiable to employ mouse or rat models to investigate the etiology of human CNS diseases that might involve astrocytes or NG2 glia.
Comparative Assessment of Vegetative and Reproductive Terrestrial Plant Species Endpoints from Exposure to Herbicides and Potential Environmental Implications: A Review
Authors: Christl Heino , Hoen Thierry , Zumkier Ulrich 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To investigate whether vegetative endpoints are protective of reproductive endpoints in terrestrial plant risk assessments (RAs) for authorization of plant protection products (PPPs), we assessed differences in sensitivity to herbicides between these parameters. Published literature and unpublished proprietary data generated for the registration of PPPs were used to compile a database. If reproductive endpoints were systematically more sensitive than the vegetative endpoints on which regulatory decisions are presently based, a concern could be raised about the protectiveness of the current RA process. Vegetative and reproductive endpoints were assessed considering further potentially relevant parameters. Reproductive endpoints were compared with vegetative endpoints of juvenile plants or with those of mature plants. Direct comparison by substance–species combination proved to be most adequate and was used to calculate quotients by effect level. In addition, we assessed the spread between different effect levels, estimating by which factor the conservatism would increase if effect rate (ER)50 endpoints were replaced by ER25 or ER10 endpoints with otherwise unchanged test parameters. Reproductive endpoints were found to be similarly sensitive as vegetative endpoints derived in nontarget terrestrial plant (NTTP) studies conducted following Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) or US Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (OCSPP) guidelines. A switch from vegetative to reproductive endpoints would therefore not significantly change the conservatism (less than a factor of 1.5), whereas the change from ER50 to ER10 would (by a factor of ~5 to 6). However, because ecotoxicological tests on terrestrial plants bear intrinsic high variability that prevents the reliable detection of effects at the 10% effect level, ER10 endpoints are not a reliable basis for RA. No particular family, genus, or species with clusters of distinctly insensitive vegetative and sensitive reproductive endpoints could be identified that would call for regular testing of reproductive endpoints. Also, from the data set available, no specific herbicidal modes of action could be singled out for acting particularly on reproductive endpoints. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:166–183. © 2019 SETAC
Effect of novel porphyrazine photosensitizers on normal and tumor brain cells
Authors: Mishchenko Tatiana A. , Turubanova Victoria D. , Mitroshina Elena V. , Alzeibak Razan , Peskova Nina N. , Lermontova Svetlana A. , Klapshina Larisa G. , Balalaeva Irina V. , Vedunova Maria V. , Krysko Dmitri V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved procedure for targeting tumor cells. Though several different photosensitizers have been developed, there is still much demand for novel photosensitizers with improved properties. In this study we aim to characterize the accumulation, localization and dark cytotoxicity of the novel photosensitizers developed in‐house derivatives of porphyrazines (pz I‐IV) in primary murine neuronal cells, as well as to identify the concentrations at which pz still effectively induces death in glioma cells yet is nontoxic to nontransformed cells. The study shows that incubation of primary neuronal and glioma cells with pz I‐IV leads to their accumulation in both types of cells, but their rates of internalization, subcellular localization and dark toxicity differ significantly. Pz II was the most promising photosensitizer. It efficiently killed glioma cells while remaining nontoxic to primary neuronal cells. This opens up the possibility of evaluating pz II for experimental PDT for glioma.