bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological aspects of temporomandibular disorders – literature review
Authors: Berger Marcin , Oleszek-Listopad Justyna , Marczak Milena , Szymanska Jolanta 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) constitute a group of clinical problems involving the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint and associated structures. An etiological connection of TMD with psychological factors was proposed as early as the 1980’s. Indeed, the interdependence of psychological and health aspects in the patient’s treatment, place light upon the more important variables contributing to the various mental disorders that may accompany TMD. Current literature suggests a close relationship between TMD and selected psychological factors, such as personality traits, stress, depression, anxiety, and catastrophizing. Of note, anxiety-depressive disorders, somatisation and catastrophizing contribute to chronic TMD, mainly in the form of myofascial pain. Hence, knowledge of the influence of psychological factors affecting TMD, enables the identification of patients with an increased risk of chronic painful TMD.
Ludwik Fleck: a message to start a new discourse
Authors: Solska Ewa 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The goal of the present article is to initiate a series of papers on Ludwik Fleck’s theories of medical cognition and their contribution to contemporary research on science. I would like, however, to begin with the last statement, in which he signaled, almost half a century ahead of time, the current issues concerning scientific discourse in the socio-cultural dimension.
Eudragit FS 30D as a potential polymer for use in the technology of preparing matrix tablets contain metronidazole – an experimental and mathematical modeling study
Authors: Letmanski Tomasz , Kodym Anna , Weber Piotr , Lewandowski Michal , Wisniewski Andrzej , Baj Tomasz 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of a pH-dependent copolymer - Eudragit FS - for employment in the technology of preparing modified release metronidazole matrix tablets. In addition, in our work, Eudragit RL and Eudragit RS were included in the composition of some formulations, as well as sodium lauryl sulfate and polysorbate 80. As part of the study of the dissolution test, the similarity coefficient (f2) for the obtained profiles was calculated, and mathematic models were used to estimate the kinetics and mechanism of active substance release. In our work, it was observed that the inclusion of polymer Eudragit FS alone in the tablet composition ensured a modified release of the active substance for 10 h. After this time period, the amount of metronidazole determined in the acceptor fluid was 71% - 81% of the declared dose. Modification of the composition by the addition of surfactants resulted in an increased release of the active substance of up to 98%. This effect was dependent on the type of surfactant and its quantitative ratio to the Eudragit FS. Similar release profiles were obtained for tablets containing Eudragit RS and sodium lauryl sulfate, as well as Eudragit RS and polysorbate 80. Depending on the composition of tablets, metronidazole release proceeded in accordance with either first or second-order kinetics. We calculated as well, that the differing masses of Eudragit FS in the studied formulations correlates with the order of release kinetics (p < 0.002). Such an effect was validated using the Weibull model, wherein, in all the studied formulations, the release rate was seen as a decreasing function of time. An analysis of data according to the Ritger-Peppas model and the Peppas-Sahlin model for some formulations, indicated that the mechanism of active substance release from matrix tablets is diffusion.
Bipolar affective disorder: A review of novel forms of therapy
Authors: Dziwota Ewelina , Drapala Barbara , Gaj Magdalena , Skoczen Nikodem , Olajossy Marcin 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Normothymic, antidepressant and antipsychotic pharmaceutics are, in accordance with international guidelines, employed both in the therapy and the prevention of bipolar disorder (BD). Long-term studies on the mechanisms of action of such medications, as well as on the pathogenetic background of BD, have led to the discovery of effective, albeit unconventional pharmacotherapeutic approaches. These methods have the potential to successfully treat mania and depression, as well as to counter affective episode relapse. Allopurinol - commonly used to treat gout, secondary hyperuricemia and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, acts by inhibiting the synthesis of uric acid, levels of which are often increased in manic patients. Due to this, an evaluation of the potential effect of allopurinol on the reduction of mania symptoms seems to be reasonable. Additionally, the numerable research papers coming out of research regarding the role of purine neurotransmitters in mood alterations, indicate that adenosine agonists act analogously to dopamine antagonists.
N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a supporting agent in the pharmacotherapy of depressive episodes in bipolar disorder, substantially accelerates mood stabilization in patients. In turn, memantine, known for its procognitive effect, not only has antimanic and normothymic properties, but also boosts the neuroprotective action of traditional lithium therapy.
In view of the latest opinions, the subtle pro-inflammatory process is typical for the pathophysiology of bipolar disease. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (a popular analgesic, antipyretic and antiphlogistic agent) may be useful in BD therapy. This is because that, via its effect upon cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), ASA modulates leukocyte recruitment in neuro-inflammation.
Apart from the above-mentioned medications, this article introduces the results of recent investigations of ketamine, modafinil and tamoxifen, including their receptor mechanisms, as well as certain genetic aspects or elements of their pharmacodynamics, for use in BD therapy. We put forward that, possibly, more insightful cognition of these drugs will allow significant enrichment in the range of pharmacotherapy for BD in the near future.
Retention behavior of selected alkaloids in Reversed Phase micellar chromatographic systems
Authors: Petruczynik Anna , Noster Grzegorz , Waksmundzka-Hajnos Monika 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this work, the effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentrations on retention, separation selectivity, peak shapes and systems efficiency were investigated. Herein, the retention data for 11 alkaloids were determined on an RP18 silica column with mobile phases containing methanol as organic modifier, with acetate buffer at pH 3.5, and, subsequently, with the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The results of this study indicate that the retention of alkaloids decreases with the increase of SDS concentration in the mobile phase. The increase of SDS concentration, however, leads to the significantly improvement of peak symmetry and the increase of theoretical plate number in all cases. The best system efficiency for most of the investigated alkaloids was obtained in a mobile phase containing 0.1 M SDS, while most symmetrical peaks were obtained through the addition of 0.3 M of SDS to the mobile phase.
Demographic variability indicators of somatically healthy men from different administrative and territorial regions of Ukraine
Authors: Mishalov Volodymyr , Klimas Larisa , Gunas Valery 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Our work has revealed a rather low level of similarity in regard to the finger dermatoglyphics of somatically healthy men, 19-35 years old, between Ukraine’s north and west, north and south, center and west, center and south, as well as the palmar dermatoglyphics between central regions and the east, center and west, center and south. The obtained finger/palmar dermatoglyphics did not differentiate administrative-territorial local groups of men between the north and the center, south and west (quantitative characteristics); or palmar – between the north and west, north and east, south and west, south and east, north and center. The differences between the administrative and territorial division of dermatoglyphic signs are a reflection of the historical and cultural differences induced by migration, as well as the intensive process of mixing, in addition to the isolation of particular groups.
The use of a freeze-dried extract of Ligusticum mutellina in a cosmetic cream with potential antioxidant properties
Authors: Tomasz Baj , Elwira Sieniawska , Bartłomiej Kubiak , Danuta Partyka 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a cream formulation with potential antioxidant properties. Herein, a freeze-dried extract of Ligusticum mutellina was used as a source of active compounds. The proposed qualitative composition of the cream was characterized by a good polyphenolic compounds release profile. Of note, the highest R2adj values were obtained for the Korsmeyer-Peppas and Higuchi models (0.9159 and 0.9226, respectively). These results indicate that a freeze-dried extract of L. mutellina, due to its retained high phenolic acids content, could become a key component in antioxidant creams.
Gastric neuroendocrine tumor treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Bojar Pawel , Swatek Jaroslaw , Drabko Jaroslaw , Golec Katarzyna , Ostrowska Anna , Szumilo Justyna 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA case of a 59-year-old male patient with gastric neuroendocrine tumor which was misdiagnosed as adenocarcinoma, is presented. Herein, primary diagnosis was made due to the similarity of endoscopic pictures of both diseases and dues to the inappropriate interpretation of a small biopsy sample. The patient was qualified for endoscopic submucosal dissection. Microscopic examination of whole lesion, supplemented by immmunohistochemical reactions (chromogranin A, synaptophysin, cytokeratins 7 and 20, Ki67) revealed gastric neuroendocrine tumor (NET) G2.The lesson learnt is that to provide effective treatment to the patient, it is necessary to use all available methods to make a proper diagnosis and to distinguish the suspected disease from others with similar features.
Energy drinks – consumption and awareness among students of Medical University of Lublin
Authors: Cencek Piotr , Wawryk-Gawda Ewelina , Samborski Patryk , Jodlowska-Jedrych Barbara 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Energy drinks (ED), containing caffeine, taurine and another substances, are one of the more frequently used legal stimulants. Still, because these can endanger consumers’ health, it is thought that their marketing should be legally controlled.
In our study, we analyzed the frequency of energy drink consumption, as well as the knowledge held about these drinks among medicine and dentistry students of the Medical University of Lublin. In the study, 131 students participated, and the study was done in the form of a survey. The results of this indicate that 81 students (61.83%) declared a daily consumption, and most respondents (78.48%) stated at least a one time consumption of 250 to 749 ml of energy drink. What is more, 26.25% of respondents combined ED with other substances, most frequently with coffee and alcohol. Regarding knowledge of ED effects, contents and side effects, more males than females actively sought and held this information. Furthermore, more than half of all respondents believed that the availability of EDs in Poland should be limited.
Our study showed that the awareness of the effects and mechanisms of action of EDs, among the questioned students is relatively high. Nevertheless, they frequently consume EDs and combine these with other stimulants.
Relating the Electrical Resistance of Fresh Concrete to Mixture Proportions
Authors: Obla K. , Hong R. , Sherman S. , Bentz D. P. , Jones S. Z. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Characterization of fresh concrete is critical for assuring the quality of the United States’ constructed infrastructure. While fresh concrete arriving at a job site in a ready-mixed concrete truck is typically characterized by measuring temperature, slump, unit weight, and air content, here the measurement of the electrical resistance of a freshly cast cylinder of concrete is investigated as a means of assessing mixture proportions, specifically cement and water contents. Both cement and water contents influence the measured electrical resistance of a sample of fresh concrete: the cement by producing ions (chiefly potassium, sodium, and hydroxide) that are the main source of electrical conduction and the water by providing the main conductive pathways through which the current travels. Relating the measured electrical resistance to attributes of the mixture proportions, such as water-cement ratio by mass (w/c), is explored for a set of eleven different concrete mixtures prepared in the laboratory. In these mixtures, w/c, paste content, air content, fly ash content, high range water reducer dosage, and cement alkali content are all varied. Additionally, concrete electrical resistance data are supplemented by measuring the resistivity of its component pore solution obtained from five laboratory-prepared cement pastes with the same proportions as their corresponding concrete mixtures. Only measuring the concrete electrical resistance can provide a prediction of the mixture’s paste content or the product w*c; conversely, when pore solution resistivity is also available, w/c and water content of the concrete mixture can be reasonably assessed.
Rheological Characteristics of Fine-Grained Soil-Slurries
Authors: Shetty Rakshith , Singh Devendra Narain 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Various natural and man-made scenarios such as rainfall-induced terrestrial landslides, offshore landslides, mudflows, and transportation of mud by pipelines and dredging activities involve fine-grained soils, minerals, and sediments with very high moisture contents (i.e., the slurry state). Presumably, the behavior of these materials in their slurry state falls within a transition between the solid-dominant and liquid-dominant zones. Hence, investigations to establish the rheological properties of these materials (i.e., defining their flow and deformation characteristics) in this transition phase become mandatory. With this in view, investigations were conducted to establish the grain-water interaction that would govern the rheological characteristics of these materials in their slurried states. The study takes into account the effect of state parameters like water content, w (which is indicative of the concentration of solids), and soil-specific parameters (viz, mineralogy, liquid limit [LL], specific surface area [SSA], and the pore solution characteristics). Based on a critical analysis of the variation of the plastic viscosity, ηp, with respect to w, a hypothesis for the phase-transition mechanism of the slurries, from visco-plastic to ideal-plastic regime, has been proposed. It has been demonstrated that such a hypothesis facilitates understanding of the grain-water interaction for a wide range of water content and associated changes in the rheological behavior. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that there exists a unique relationship between ηp and yield stress, τy, with the parameter “normalized water content,” wn (= w/LL), for these materials. It is the authors’ belief that these relationships would be useful in obtaining parameters such as slurry viscosity, yield stress, and optimal/limiting water content, which are required in the design of various industrial applications involving flow, the pumping of fine-grained soil-slurries, or both.
Numerical Simulation of Pervious Concrete Using Discrete Element Modeling Technique
Authors: Singh Surya Pratap , Biligiri Krishna Prapoorna 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a computational model to simulate the behavior of pervious concrete (PC) material. A virtual discrete model will help in understanding the micro- and macro-mechanical behavior of PC, which is otherwise difficult to determine. A particle flow continuum model was used to develop the discrete model for different pervious PC mixtures consisting of different sizes and proportions of coarse aggregates. The displacement versus force and stress versus strain relationships of PC specimens with different aggregate sizes, aggregate-cement ratios, and water-cement ratios were produced from the numerical models. The vertical porosity distribution of laboratory samples was investigated using image analysis techniques. The results from the image analyses were utilized in modeling exercise through Particle Flow Code 2-Dimensional (PFC2D). The PFC2D model predictions also matched well with the results of mechanical tests with very high coefficient of determination. This research demonstrated the great potential of discrete element method to analyze the performance of PC mixtures with varying gradations and properties. It is envisaged that this study will further the state-of-the-art analytical research in the area of PC by the principles of discrete element model methods and image analyses techniques.
Dopamine D2 Receptors in Dopaminergic Neurons Modulate Performance in a Reversal Learning Task in Mice
Authors: Linden Jérôme , James Alexander S. , McDaniel Colin , Jentsch J. David 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNeuroimaging studies in animal models and human subjects have each revealed that relatively low striatal dopamine D2-like receptor binding potential is associated with poor impulse control and with vulnerability for addiction-related behaviors. These studies cannot, however, disambiguate the roles for various pools of D2 receptors found in the striatum (e.g., those expressed on medium spiny striato-pallidal neurons vs on dopamine-releasing nerve terminals) in these behavioral outcomes. To clarify the role of the latter pool, namely, D2 autoreceptors, we studied mice carrying a conditional DRD2 gene, with or without Cre-recombinase expressed under the transcriptional control of the dopamine transporter gene locus (autoDrd2-KO,n= 19 and controls,n= 21). These mice were tested for locomotor response to cocaine, and spatial reversal learning was assessed in operant conditioning chambers. As predicted, compared to control mice, autoDrd2-KO animals demonstrated heightened sensitivity to the locomotor stimulating effect of cocaine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), confirming previous research using a similar genetic model. In the spatial reversal learning task, autoDrd2-KO mice were slower to reach a learning criterion and had difficulty sustaining a prolonged nose poke response, measurements conceptually related to impaired response inhibition. Rate of learning of the initial discrimination and latencies to collect rewards, to initiate trials and to produce a response were unaffected by genetic deletion of D2 autoreceptors, discarding possible motor and motivational factors. Together, these findings confirm the role of D2 autoreceptors in reversal learning and suggest a broader involvement in behavioral inhibition mechanisms.
Loci That Control Nonlinear, Interdependent Responses to Combinations of Drought and Nitrogen Limitation
Authors: Chang Megan M , Nail Danielle Allery , Kazic Toni , Simmons Susan J , Stapleton Ann E 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCrop improvement must accelerate to feed an increasing human population in the face of environmental changes. Including anticipated climatic changes with genetic architecture in breeding programs could better optimize improvement strategies. Combinations of drought and nitrogen limitation already occur world-wide. We therefore analyzed the genetic architecture underlying the response of Zea mays to combinations of water and nitrogen stresses. Recombinant inbreds were subjected to nine combinations of the two stresses using an optimized response surface design, and their growth was measured. Three-dimensional response surfaces were fit globally and to each polymorphic allele to determine which genetic markers were associated with different response surfaces. Three quantitative trait loci that produced nonlinear surfaces were mapped. To better understand the physiology of the response, we developed a model that reproduced the shapes of the surfaces, their most characteristic feature. The model contains two components that each combine the nitrogen and water inputs. The relative weighting of the two components and the inputs is governed by five parameters, and each QTL affects all five parameters.We estimated the model’s parameter values for the experimental surfaces using a mesh of points that covered the surfaces’ most distinctive regions. Surfaces computed using these values reproduced the experimental surfaces well, as judged by three different criteria at the mesh points. The modeling and shape comparison techniques used here can be extended to other complex, high-dimensional, nonlinear phenotypes. We encourage the application of our findings and methods to experiments that mix crop protection measures, stresses, or both, on elite and landrace germplasm.
Genetic Basis of Body Color and Spotting Pattern in Redheaded Pine Sawfly Larvae (Neodiprion lecontei)
Authors: Linnen Catherine R , O’Quin Claire T , Shackleford Taylor , Sears Connor R , Lindstedt Carita 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Pigmentation has emerged as a premier model for understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic evolution, and a growing catalog of color loci is starting to reveal biases in the mutations, genes, and genetic architectures underlying color variation in the wild. However, existing studies have sampled a limited subset of taxa, color traits, and developmental stages. To expand the existing sample of color loci, we performed QTL mapping analyses on two types of larval pigmentation traits that vary among populations of the redheaded pine sawfly (Neodiprion lecontei): carotenoid-based yellow body color and melanin-based spotting pattern. For both traits, our QTL models explained a substantial proportion of phenotypic variation and suggested a genetic architecture that is neither monogenic nor highly polygenic. Additionally, we used our linkage map to anchor the current N. lecontei genome assembly. With these data, we identified promising candidate genes underlying (1) a loss of yellow pigmentation in populations in the mid-Atlantic/northeastern United States [C locus-associated membrane protein homologous to a mammalian HDL receptor-2 gene (Cameo2) and lipid transfer particle apolipoproteins II and I gene (apoLTP-II/I)], and (2) a pronounced reduction in black spotting in Great Lakes populations [members of the yellow gene family, tyrosine hydroxylase gene (pale), and dopamine N-acetyltransferase gene (Dat)]. Several of these genes also contribute to color variation in other wild and domesticated taxa. Overall, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that predictable genes of large effect contribute to color evolution in nature.
Islamic Clicktivism: Internet, Democracy and Contemporary Islamist Activism in Surakarta
Authors: Ahyar Muzayyin 
Published: March 2018

Since the collapse of the New Order regime, social development has led Indonesia to become a more democratic and modern than any other Muslim majority countries. The development of democracy in Indonesia has also seen the proliferation of modern Islamist activism online. This form of cyber activism, named here as Islamic “clicktivism,” has a discursive function. This paper examines how the proliferation of a cyber Islamist movement can be related to ongoing democratization in Indonesia. It was found that Islamic clicktivism has emerged in the process of democratization, modernization and globalization. Clicktivism encourages members of Islamist groups to adopt the principles and logic of the pillars of democracy, and to perpetuate their struggle and promote their existence during the development of democracy in Indonesia. Through their clicktivism, they bring the discursive voices of Islamism democratically to national issues in the common interest of Indonesians.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v24i3.4859