bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and Change of Tension Forces Operating on Elevator Hoist Ropes
Authors: Hrabovsky Leopold , Koscak Peter 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Decree on Technical Requirements for Buildings stipulates that all the new residential buildings with entrances to flats at the fifth and higher floors, or attics at the same level, must have an elevator installed. The applicable standards in the Czech Republic so that, for the electric elevators with friction discs that use two or more hoist ropes, the weight of the applied load was evenly distributed over all the cross-sections of the hoist ropes for the given layout of the elevator. Rope tension equalizers used in elevators are usually designed to allow sensing of the acting tensile forces in an uninterrupted cross-section of the hoist cable. They are usually installed on hoist ropes only in the newly-installed elevators and during regular inspections. The paper describes the basic principles of devices currently in use, the so-called rope tensioners, which allow detecting and adjusting primarily different tensile forces in the hoist ropes to the same value. The paper refers to two, already published design variants of portable rope straighteners, which use foil strain gauges or strain gauge sensors to detect the acting tensile forces in the hoist ropes. The constructional solution and the principle of operation of the “hydraulic rope tensioner”, which were created at the VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, are described in more detail.
Influence of cyclone construction parameters on the efficiency of dust removal
Authors: Nowak Krzysztof , Bukowska Maria 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Gas dedusting involves the removal of aerosol particles from them. The gas dedusting process is carried out in devices called dust collectors. The use of a specific dust removal process depends on the characteristics of the pollutant emission source and the required degree of gas dedusting. The dust removal process is a complex system of forces acting in the dust collector to remove dust particles from the gas and to deposit them on the collector surface. The centrifugal dust collectors use the mechanism of centrifugal forces by introducing an aerosol stream into rotational motion. These types of dust collectors are often used in industry due to the simple construction, the lack of moving parts, the ability to work in conditions of high temperature and high pressure, low manufacturing costs and easy operation. A cyclone with a tangential inlet is one of the types of centrifugal separators in which the gas flows tangentially to the cylindrical part, then spirals downwards where it changes direction to the opposite and leaves the cyclone with the central exhaust pipe. Cyclones are commonly used in Poland in small heating plants equipped with WR grate boilers where coal is burned. The most important factors affecting the efficiency of dust removal are the physicochemical properties of aerosol particles and their sizes. For example, a reduction in the particle size leads to a reduction in the efficiency of the forces emitting particles from the gas, and thus the efficiency of dust removal decreases. The geometric shape of the cyclone is relatively simple, but its structural dimensions have an effect on the gas movement and, as a result, the efficiency of dust removal. Increasing the efficiency of the cyclone is the subject of many studies. This publication presents information on cyclones with tangential inlet and the effect of their design parameters on the efficiency of dust removal. A total of 5 types of cyclones with tangential inlet were analyzed, including two high efficiency cyclones, two general use cyclones and one high performance cyclone. The analysis showed that the size of cyclone construction parameters affects the size of the particle’s limit diameter, the pressure drop and, as a result, the cyclone efficiency.
Color as a Psychological Agent to Perceived Indoor Environmental Quality
Authors: Kraus Michal 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Achieving suitable and comfortable indoor environmental quality comfort via innovative, sustainable, energy efficient approaches is a contemporary research aim world-wide. The indoor space and its perception are influenced by three basic components: the surrounding factors (temperature, noise, odor, noise and lighting), the structural factors (architecture, color, materials, pattern, and structure) and the social factors (occupants). The relationship between IEQ and wellbeing is complicated. A range of indoor factors such as thermal, visual, acoustic, and chemical can impact the wellbeing, performance and health of the occupants. Colors are an interesting and well-studied psychological phenomenon. Colors, combinations, saturation and shades are the focus of advertising creators, interior designers and exteriors, architects, psychologists and many others. Specific colors and patterns have a direct influence on health, emotions, behavior, and performance of building users. Color is one of the basic properties of objects and environments. Colors have a great impact on our perception and evaluation. For example, it is proven that long-term stay in a deeply painted room is very nervous on the nervous system or that red and yellow tend to be seen as warning signals. A color’s hue is determined by its wavelength [nm]. Long wavelengths are associated with warm colors, with red (∼ 625–800 nm) being most extreme followed by orange (∼ 590–625 nm). Short wavelengths are associated with cold colors, with violet (∼ 430–500 nm] being most extreme followed by blue (∼ 430–500 nm). In this study, the impact of indoor color´s use and indoor environmental quality is examined. The focus of this contribution is to establish a link between the color as IEQ parameter and health and well-being of occupants.
Carbon Dioxide Concentration in the Bedroom for Various Natural Ventilation Modes
Authors: Novakova Petra , Kraus Michal 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), respectively healthy and suitable hygienic indoor environment, is one of the current issues. Residence rooms, excluding rooms in family-run facilities and accommodation units, should be ventilated to comply with a maximum permissible carbon dioxide concentration of 1500 ppm during the stay of people. Many researches have shown that the indoor environmental quality has a significant effect on the incidence of health problems (Sick Building Syndrome, SBS). Nowadays, there are a number of grant programs to support energy-saving buildings, which resulted in massive thermal insulation of all types of buildings. Buildings are nearly airtight closed to reduce the energy losses, and the owners, under the vision of energy and financial savings, almost do not open the windows. It is quite certain that these buildings are inadequate in terms of air quality. The exception is where the air-conditioning units are installed. The experiment measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide in the bedroom is executed in March within a week. Measuring in the winter months is crucial for the evaluation of results because it is difficult to set up an ideal regime for natural ventilation during the winter. The supply of fresh air is achieved by natural ventilation by tilting window but the result is a low temperature (cold) in the interior. The experiment is carried out in a three-room apartment in České Budějovice with newly installed plastic till & turn windows with insulating double glazing. Window wings also allow opening of the tilting position (tilt) and micro-ventilation. The observed bedroom has a floor area of 14.5 m2. Two adults live in the apartment. The concentrations of carbon dioxide overnight are assessed under different modes of natural ventilation by tilt & turn window combined with open interior doors to other rooms. The results show a significant effect of ventilation on the air quality. Data proves that only natural ventilation through the new tight windows in renovated apartment buildings is inadequate.
Risk assessment of radon in some bottled water on the Ghanaian market
Authors: Opoku-Ntim Irene , Gyampo Owiredu , Andam Aba Bentil 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe demand for bottled drinking water on the Ghanaian market has increased despite being expensive. This can be attributed to the public perception that is of higher quality relative to other water sources. Radon (222Rn) is a noble gas formed from radium (226Ra) which is the decay product of Uranium (238U). Radon concentration and annual effective doses were measured in fifteen popular bottled water samples on the Ghanaian market at the Greater Accra, Region. Measurements were made using RAD -H20. The range and mean radon concentration of222Rn in all sampled water were 0.03–0.09 Bql−1and 0.06 ± 0.01 Bql−1respectively. The annual effective dose due to ingestion in the various age groups had a range and mean of 6.79E-01-1.90E-01μSvy−1and 4.66E-01 ± 3.77E-02μSvy−1for adults, 3.80E-01-1.36 E-01μSvy−1and 9.33E-01 ± 7.55E-02μSvy−1for children and 1.33–4.75μSvy−1and 3.26μSvy−1 ± 2.64E-01 for infants. The measured values of radon concentration as well as the annual effective dose were found within the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA), European Union (EU) and World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits. It can be concluded that the radiation dose from radon in the bottled water analysed is low and pose no risk to the public.
Signature of spin-dependent Seebeck effect in dynamical spin injection of metallic bilayer structures
Authors: Yamanoi Kazuto , Yafuso Minoru , Miyazaki Keishi , Kimura Takashi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The dynamical spin injection in a ferromagnetic/paramagnetic bilayer with various paramagnetic layers has been examined by using the inverse spin Hall effect. We adapt a CoFeB film as a ferromagnetic layer, which has a large spin dependent Seebeck coefficient. The contribution of the spin pumping was evaluated from the line-width change of the ferromagnetic resonant spectra while that of the thermal spin injection was evaluated from the heat conductivity for the paramagnetic layer. We find that the spin Hall voltage does not show the systematic change with respect to the line-width change. However, the normalized spin Hall voltage is found to increase with the heat conductivity for the paramagnetic layer. These results suggest that the thermal spin injection is a major contribution for the dynamical spin injection in CoFeB/paramagnetic bilayer systems.
The Impact of an Undergraduate Biology Class on Donor Recruitment at a Hospital-Based Blood Donor Center
Authors: Peedin Alexis R , Park Yara A , Mazepa Marshall A , Siniard R Chad , Neish Thomas , Raval Jay S 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesA biology class, BIOL 294H, taught undergraduates about platelet donation while partnering with the University of North Carolina’s (UNC’s) hospital-based Blood Donation Center to recruit apheresis platelet donors. We identified our platelet donors’ demographics and learned how BIOL 294H affected recruitment.MethodsEvery platelet donor presenting to the UNC Blood Donation Center from February 7, 2017, to March 10, 2017, was asked to complete an electronic 10-question survey.ResultsA total of 159 unique donors completed the survey; 64% were female and 75% were between ages 18 and 25 years. Overall, 70% were UNC undergraduate students. Over half (56%) reported first learning about platelet donation through word of mouth, and 22% cited specific efforts associated with BIOL 294H.ConclusionsRecruitment of undergraduate platelet donors primarily included BIOL 294H peer interactions and deliverables from the class, such as social media updates and events on campus. The sustained recruiting efforts of our students over many years contributed to recruitment of a majority of our platelet donors.
On No-Rights and No Rights
Authors: Kramer Matthew H 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
As is well known to everyone familiar with the analytical table of legal relationships propounded by the American jurist Wesley Hohfeld, one of the eight positions in the table is that of the no-right. In most discussions of Hohfeld’s overall framework, no-rights have received rather little attention. Doubtless, one reason for the relative dearth of scrutiny is that Hohfeld devised a hyphenated neologism to designate no-rights. Each of the other positions in the Hohfeldian table is designated by a term with a solid grounding in everyday discourse and juristic discourse, whereas the hyphenated term “no-right”—in contrast with the unhyphenated phrase “no right”—does not have any comparable grounding either in ordinary discourse or in juristic discourse. That neologism is almost never employed by anyone outside the confines of discussions of Hohfeld’s categories, and it is often not employed even within those confines. Notwithstanding the enormous amount of philosophical and juristic attention bestowed on Hohfeld’s analytical framework since its elaboration in the second decade of the twentieth century, the term “no-right” has found little favor in philosophical or juristic circles. Moreover, on the rather rare occasions when the term is used rather than merely mentioned, it is almost always misused. The exploration of the correct use of that term in the first half of this paper may seem rather fussy, but the importance of that exploration for a satisfactory understanding of legal and moral relationships will become apparent in the second half of the paper. While endeavoring to vindicate the term “no-right” as a fully apposite element in the vocabulary of legal philosophy, this paper will also be replying to a recent article by Heidi Hurd and Michael Moore in this journal.
Hemagglutinin Stalk Antibody Responses Following Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Immunization of Pregnant Women and Association With Protection From Influenza Virus Illness
Authors: Dhar Nisha , Kwatra Gaurav , Nunes Marta C , Cutland Clare , Izu Alane , Nachbagauer Raffael , Krammer Florian , Madhi Shabir A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
The conserved, immuno-subdominant influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) stalk region is a potential universal group-specific influenza virus vaccine epitope. We analyzed antibody responses to H1 hemagglutinin stalk domain (H1/stalk) following trivalent influenza inactivated vaccine (IIV3) immunization in pregnant women, and association with protection against influenza virus illness.

Methods
One hundred forty-five human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–uninfected pregnant women (68 IIV3 and 77 placebo recipients) and 140 pregnant women with HIV infection (72 IIV3 and 68 placebo recipients) were independently randomized in placebo-controlled efficacy trials of IIV3. Plasma samples were tested for H1/stalk immunoglobulin G (IgG) and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibodies prevaccination and 1 month postvaccination. Women had weekly surveillance for influenza illness, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction.

Results
Increases in H1/stalk IgG (and HAI) antibody levels were elicited post-IIV3, with responses being higher in HIV-uninfected women than in women living with HIV. Among HIV-uninfected vaccinees, there was no correlation (postvaccination) between H1/stalk and HAI antibody responses, whereas a strong correlation was observed in vaccinees with HIV. The H1/stalk IgG concentration was lower among women developing A/H1N1 illness (85.3 arbitrary units [AU]/mL) than those without A/H1N1 illness (219.6 AU/mL; P = .001). H1/stalk IgG concentration ≥215 AU/mL was associated with 90% lower odds (odds ratio, 0.09; P = .005) of A/H1N1 illness. Also, H1/stalk IgG was significantly lower among women with influenza B illness (93.9 AU/mL) than among their counterparts (215.5 AU/mL) (P = .04); however, no association was observed after adjusting for HAI titers.

Conclusions
H1/stalk IgG concentration was associated with lower odds for A/H1N1 influenza virus illness, indicating its potential as an epitope for a universal vaccine against group 1 influenza virus.
Development and internal validation of a prediction model for hospital-acquired acute kidney injury
Authors: Martin-Cleary Catalina , Molinero-Casares Luis Miguel , Ortiz Alberto , Arce-Obieta Jose Miguel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Predictive models and clinical risk scores for hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI) are mainly focused on critical and surgical patients. We have used the electronic clinical records from a tertiary care general hospital to develop a risk score for new-onset AKI in general inpatients that can be estimated automatically from clinical records.

Methods
A total of 47 466 patients met inclusion criteria within a 2-year period. Of these, 2385 (5.0%) developed hospital-acquired AKI. Step-wise regression modelling and Bayesian model averaging were used to develop the Madrid Acute Kidney Injury Prediction Score (MAKIPS), which contains 23 variables, all obtainable automatically from electronic clinical records at admission. Bootstrap resampling was employed for internal validation. To optimize calibration, a penalized logistic regression model was estimated by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) method of coefficient shrinkage after estimation.

Results
The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve of the MAKIPS score to predict hospital-acquired AKI at admission was 0.811. Among individual variables, the highest odds ratios, all &gt;2.5, for hospital-acquired AKI were conferred by abdominal, cardiovascular or urological surgery followed by congestive heart failure. An online tool (http://www.bioestadistica.net/MAKIPS.aspx) will facilitate validation in other hospital environments.

Conclusions
MAKIPS is a new risk score to predict the risk of hospital-acquired AKI, based on variables present at admission in the electronic clinical records. This may help to identify patients who require specific monitoring because of a high risk of AKI.
The impact of life course exposures to neighbourhood deprivation on health and well-being: a review of the long-term neighbourhood effects literature
Authors: Jivraj Stephen , Murray Emily T , Norman Paul , Nicholas Owen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
In this review article, we detail a small but growing literature in the field of health geography that uses longitudinal data to determine a life course component to the neighbourhood effects thesis. For too long, there has been reliance on cross-sectional data to test the hypothesis that where you live has an effect on your health and well-being over and above your individual circumstances.

Methods
We identified 53 articles that demonstrate how neighbourhood deprivation measured at least 15 years prior affects health and well-being later in life using the databases Scopus and Web of Science.

Results
We find a bias towards US studies, the most common being the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Definition of neighbourhood and operationalization of neighbourhood deprivation across most of the included articles relied on data availability rather than a priori hypothesis.

Conclusions
To further progress neighbourhood effects research, we suggest that more data linkage to longitudinal datasets is required beyond the narrow list identified in this review. The limited literature published to date suggests an accumulation of exposure to neighbourhood deprivation over the life course is damaging to later life health, which indicates improving neighbourhoods as early in life as possible would have the greatest public health improvement.
Public health digitalization in Europe
Authors: Odone Anna , Buttigieg Stefan , Ricciardi Walter , Azzopardi-Muscat Natasha , Staines Anthony 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
As digitalization is progressively permeating all aspects of society, how can be it fruitfully employed to sustain the public health goals of quality, accessibility, efficiency and equity in health care and prevention? In this paper, we reflect on the potential of applying digital tools to public health and discuss some key challenges.

Methods
We first define ‘digitalization’ in its broader sense, as well as applied to public health. We then build a conceptual framework where key public health domains are associated to available digital technologies in a matrix that help to identify digital features that bolster public health action. We also provide illustrative data and evidence on the application of digital solutions on selected public health areas. In the second part, we identify the strategic pillars for a successful European strategy for public health digitalization and we outline how the approach being pursued by the European Public Health Association (EUPHA) applies to digital health.

Results
From a public health perspective, digitalization is being touted as providing several potential benefits and advantages, including support for the transition from cure to prevention, helping to put people and patients at the center of care delivery, supporting patient empowerment and making healthcare system more efficient, safer and cheaper. These benefits are enabled through the following features of digital technologies: (i) Personalization and precision; (ii) Automation; (iii) Prediction; (iv) Data analytics and (v) Interaction.

Conclusion
A successful European strategy for public health digitalization should integrate the following pillars: political commitment, normative frameworks, technical infrastructure, targeted economic investments, education, research, monitoring and evaluation. EUPHA acknowledges digitalization is an asset for public health and is working both to promote the culture of “public health digitalization”, as well as to enable its planning, implementation and evaluation at the research, practice and policy level.
Prevalence of gambling behaviours and their associations with socioemotional harm among 11–16 year olds in Wales: findings from the School Health Research Network survey
Authors: Melendez-Torres G J , Anthony Rebecca E , Hewitt Gillian , Murphy Simon , Moore Graham F 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Gambling opportunities are increasingly available and acceptable to many adolescents. Adolescent problem gambling has been associated with poor outcomes, such as lower reported physical and mental health. While much research has focussed on ‘problem’ gambling, analysing the distribution and determinants of experimentation with gambling is important in order to understand its normalization and population level consequences. This study describes the distribution of inequalities and socioemotional harms associated with adolescent gambling.

Methods
Data were drawn from a subsample of students (N = 37 363) who completed gambling questions as part of the 2017 School Health Research Network Student Health and Wellbeing Survey, representing 193 secondary schools in Wales. Using imputations, we estimated a series of single-predictor and multi-predictor regressions for count of gambling behaviours, any gambling in the past 12 months and socioemotional harms of gambling.

Results
Approximately two-fifths (41.0%) of respondents reported gambling in the past 12 months, of whom 16.2% reported feeling bad as a result of their own gambling. We found significant sex differences in gambling, with boys gambling more frequently than girls. Adolescents from more affluent families reported a higher count of gambling behaviours and socioemotional harms, although paradoxically, increasing affluence was also associated with lower prevalence of gambling in the last year. Non-White British ethnicities and students who felt less connected to school were more likely to engage in gambling and experience socioemotional harms.

Conclusions
Our findings provide important new insights regarding risk factors in adolescence associated with gambling behaviours and socioemotional harms.