bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing Ethical Misconduct of Attorneys with Mandatory Ethics Training: A Dynamic Panel Approach
Authors: Fagan Frank 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
State bar associations require bar applicants to pass the Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination over a range of scores and earn a variable number continuing legal education credits in ethics annually. Panel data from 2007–2014 across the fifty states and the District of Columbia are used to assess whether these requirements reduce charges of ethical misconduct against attorneys. Deviations GMM estimation provides evidence that increases in MCLE annual credit-hours in ethics reduce charges. Specifically, a one-hour increase in MCLE reduces the number of charges of ethical misconduct by 10.506 %. The result is robust to different types of models and estimators, but requires making several strong assumptions which are discussed in detail.
Traducción y escritura poética: dos facetas desconocidas del lingüista raizal Oakley Forbes
Authors: Toro Andres Arboleda 
Published: June 2019

En este estudio se da a conocer la poesía multilingüe inédita del lingüista sanandresano Oakley Forbes y se explora su participación en la traducción de la obra de Juan Ramírez Dawkins. En ambas facetas desconocidas de Forbes, se rastrea la relación entre escritura y traducción en su doble rol de traductor alógrafo y de traductor de su propia obra. Este análisis muestra que la escritura y la traducción son dos esferas presentes tanto en su rol de traductor colaborador de Ramírez Dawkins como de autotraductor. En el trabajo translativo a dos manos con Ramírez Dawkins tuvo la libertad de reescribir y adaptar para reespacializar el texto a la otra audiencia del escritor. Lo mismo ocurrió con la traducción de su obra poética que, al estar escrita en varias lenguas refleja la riqueza y las paradojas del encuentro de culturas diversas. *** Tradução e escrita poética: duas facetas desconhecidas do linguista raizal Oakley Forbes ***Neste estudo apresentamos a poesia multilíngue inédita do linguista sanandresano Oakley Forbes e exploramos sua participação na tradução da obra de Juan Ramírez Dawkins. Em ambas as facetas desconhecidas de Forbes, rastreamos a relação entre escrita e tradução, em seu duplo papel de tradutor alógrafo e de tradutor de sua própria obra. Esta análise mostra que a escrita e a tradução são duas esferas presentes tanto em seu papel de tradutor colaborador da obra de Ramírez Dawkins como de autotradutor. No trabalho de tradução em colaboração com Ramírez Dawkins, teve a liberdade de reescrever e adaptar o texto com a finalidade de reespacializá-lo para outro público do escritor. O mesmo aconteceu com a tradução de sua obra poética que, por estar escrita em várias línguas, reflete a riqueza e os paradoxos do encontro de culturas diversas.Palavras-chave: Oakley Forbes. Tradução colaborativa. Autotradução. Poesia caribenha. Multilinguismo literário.
Student’s Polylingual Personality Formation in a Multiethnic Region
Authors: MOSİENKO Lyudmila , ILYİNA Larisa , KHARLAMOVA Yulia 
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study is to reveal
conditions of a student’s multilingual personality formation. The research is
very important for requirements of centuries-long multinational history,
multilingual situation and cultural diversity. The research is significant
at the cross-national level because it focuses on preparation of the young
generation for active life in multiethnic and multicultural environment. This study also refers to a personality
education with a complex of phsychophysiological features, communicative
abilities and humanistic qualities that allow to communicate on several
languages and to realize national and cultural requirements.The importance of the
research at the national-regional level is determined by the location of
Orenburg region. The region has always been an intersection of cultures, which
creates problems of co-residence, but also contributes to the development of
cooperation. The present study may be
used for determination of polylingual and multicultural education aims, for
revealing pedagogical conditions of a student’s polylingual personality
formation in polyethnic region. It may also help to find out the methods and
educational technologies that can be used in a student’s polylingual
personality formation process. Modern tendencies of a
polyethnic society are analyzed in this study. These tendencies are expressed
in a migratory process increase, ethno-demographic transformation contributing
to a more intensive intercultural and inter-ethnic cooperation, an ethnic
self-determination.

As a result of theoretical justification of the problem the authors
distinguish the components of a student’s multilingual personality in a
polyethnic region: cognitive, emotive and behavioral. The practical part of the
research describes methods and dynamics of every component of a student’s
multilingual personality.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MULTIMEDIA ANIMASI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP MATERI PENGUATAN LOGAM PADA MATA KULIAH MATERIAL TEKNIK
Authors: Quthni Darul , Ariyano Ariyano , Yayat Yayat 
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan multimedia animasi terhadap peningkatan Penguasaan Konsep mahasiswa DPTM UPI pada pembelajaran materi Penguatan Logam dengan mengimplementasikan multimedia animasi dibandingkan dengan menggunakan media diktat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuasi eksperimen, dengan menggunakan pola desain Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan tes pilihan ganda yang berbeda, tes dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah mahasiswa diberikan treatment. Hasil penelitian yang dilihat dari nilai rata-rata N-Gain dari masing-masing kelompok menunjukkan pengaruh penggunaan multimedia animasi terhadap peningkatan penguasaan konsep. Kelas yang menggunakan multimedia animasi berada pada kategori sedang, sedangkan kelas yang menggunakan media diktat yang berada pada kategori rendah. Kesimpulan diperoleh bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan multimedia animasi terhadap peningkatan penguasaan konsep pada pembelajaran materi Penguatan Logam.
Storying Climate Change in Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Padir Aylin , Shockey Ingrid , Tuler Seth 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Stories of climate change impact underreports the voices of ordinary people emerging with firsthand experience of living closest to the land, even though there are myriad justifications for this approach. We aimed to record personal accounts of perceptions and implications of climate change in rural villages in Himachal Pradesh, India. We applied a modified ethnographic strategy informed by techniques for eliciting life histories from residents with regard to perceived climate changes. While residents reported shorter winters and decreased precipitation and attributed these changes to human activity, the stories revealed nuanced impacts and vulnerabilities, including real rifts in the social fabric and of secondary hardships that have lasting consequences beyond expected predictions. These stories have been preserved and shared via an Instagram platform as a means for amplifying underrepresented voices.
The Incidence of Childhood Cancer in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hassanipour Soheil , Fathalipour Mohammad , Delam Hamed , Ghorbani Mohammad , Abdzadeh Elham , Arab-Zozani Morteza , Riahi Shirin , Salehiniya Hamid 
Published: June 2019

Background: Childhood cancer (ChC) is very rare and occurs between birth and 14 years of age. There are several reports about ChC incidence from various regions of Iran, but with conflicting results. The present study aimed to do a systematic review to estimate the accurate incidence rate of ChC among Iranian people.
Materials and Methods: This systematic review was performed based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist in 2018. A literature search was conducted using international databases (Medline/PubMed, Scopus, ISI/Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar) for English papers, and national databases (Scientific Information Database, MagIran, IranMedex, and IranDoc) for Persian papers which estimated the incidence rate of ChC in any geographical location in Iran. The incidence rate of ChC was calculated using random-effect model.
Results: Out of 157 papers in the primary searches, 12 studies were included by advanced screening and refinement. The crude incidence rate (CIR) of ChC in 0-14 years was 16.8 per 100,000 (95% CI: 9.04-24.56) for boys and 16.56 per 100,000 (95% CI: 10.51-22.62) for girls.
Conclusion: The incidence of ChC in Iran is higher compared to other parts of the world. Considering this issue, holding some interventional programs on tackling potential risk factors, including air pollution, in different regions of Iran is suggested.
ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ МЕТОДА РАДИОКИП ПРИ ИЗУЧЕНИИ ВЕРХНЕЙ ЧАСТИ РАЗРЕЗА В РУДНЫХ РАЙОНАХ
Authors: Давыдов Вадим Анатольевич 
Published: June 2019

Актуальность исследования обусловлена экономическим интересом к использованию простых, эффективных и высокопроизводительных геофизических технологий для поиска и разведки рудных месторождений. Цель: оценить информативность геоэлектрических разрезов, построенных по импедансным данным метода радиокомпарации и пеленгации (радиокип), при изучении коры выветривания и кровли коренных пород в различных геологических условиях. Объекты исследования находятся в Дегтярско-Полевском рудном районе Среднего Урала, в приконтактовой зоне Серовско-Маукского разлома, разделяющего комплексы пород Тагильского прогиба и Восточно-Уральского поднятия. Геофизические профили располагались на территории Крылатовского золотокварцевого месторождения, Чусовского медно-колчеданного месторождения, Кунгурском и Волчихинском участках. Методы. Полевые измерения методом радиокип проводились широкополосным приемником «ОМАР-2м» со стелющейся линией и индукционным датчиком переменного магнитного поля. Осуществлялись наблюдения ортогональных компонент поля сигналов сверхдлинноволновых радиостанций. В качестве сравнения использовались результаты аудиомагнитотеллурических и вертикальных электрических зондирований, а также информация по геологическому изучению территории. Количественная обработка электроразведочных данных осуществлялась с применением программного обеспечения, разработанного в различных научных учреждениях. Результаты. Проведенные исследования показали хорошую сопоставимость результатов инверсии радиокип сверхдлинноволновых радиостанций с геоэлектрическими разрезами, полученными другими методами электромагнитных зондирований. Радиокип не может отобразить всех особенностей строения верхней части разреза, но позволяет выделить характерные черты коренных пород и определить основную границу между рыхлыми отложениями и основанием разреза. Полученные результаты указывают на принципиальную возможность обнаружения глубокозалегающих рудных объектов с помощью метода радиокип сверхдлинноволновых радиостанций. Метод отличается хорошей производительностью, поэтому можно добиться высокой детальности наблюдений при небольших затратах. Геоэлектрические разрезы радиокип могут использоваться для оперативной оценки общей мощности коры выветривания и выбора точек зондирований другими электромагнитными методами для уточнения геологической обстановки.
Effect of a Supportive Communication Educational Program on Women's Satisfaction With Childbirth Experiences in Local Safe Delivery Posts in Iran
Authors: Moudi Zahra , Talebi Behnaz , Faramarzi Mahbobeh , Ansari Hossein 
Published: June 2019

PURPOSETo investigate the effect of a supportive communication educational program on satisfaction with childbirth experiences among the women giving birth in the local safe delivery posts (SDPs).METHODSThis quasi-experimental study was conducted during September 23, 2017 and December 22, 2017. In the first phase, seven midwives were subjected to a supportive communication training program in one of two unique local SDPs in Zahedan, Iran. In the second phase, 300 women who gave birth at the SDPs (150 cases in each SDP) were entered into the study. The data were collected using the Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale (MCSRS).RESULTSThe intervention group had a higher mean childbirth satisfaction score in all five subdomains, compared to the control group. However, this difference was statistically significant only in the “general” (p < .001) and “self” (p = .003) subdomains of the MCSRS. The regression model showed if the women's labor experience was just like the way they expected, they were 5.99 times more likely to be satisfied with childbirth care in SDPs.CONCLUSIONAs the findings indicated, this program made childbirth care experiences more satisfactory for disadvantaged women.
Developing the Learning about Midwives and Birth Settings Video for Teaching About Birth Care Options
Authors: Soliday Elizabeth , Ord Gina 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUNDU.S. women's reports have indicated misconceptions about midwifery care and related birth options, yet these care approaches are associated with healthy birth outcomes. From the perspective of person-centered care, we aimed to address existing knowledge gaps on midwifery care by creating an accessible learning tool help inform future parents and community educators of evidence-based birth care options.METHODApplied action research (AR) principles to develop a learning tool for public use. We conducted focus groups with nulliparous young adults who were university students, those who were nonstudent community members, and medical professionals to build content. We collected pre–post viewing data on knowledge, attitudes, and future behavioral intentions with university and community samples.RESULTSOur resultant 17-minute video contains content in three areas: (a) narratives from midwives, (b) narratives from parents, (c) information on midwives' credentialing and scope of care, birth settings, and safety studies. Evaluation data indicated that the video positively influenced viewers' related knowledge, attitudes, and future behavioral intentions.DISCUSSIONOur iterative developmental process yielded a learning tool responsive to viewer input on communicating about nonnormative, safe birth care options. Initial data indicated promise of positively influencing viewers' attitudes and behavioral intentions toward midwife-attended birth in- and out-of-hospital. Future plans include publicly releasing the video and assessing long-term learning impact with initial study samples.
Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act and the Use of Outpatient Behavioral Health Services in the United States, 2005–2016
Authors: Mulvaney-Day Norah , Gibbons Brent J. , Alikhan Shums , Karakus Mustafa 
Published: June 2019

Objectives. To assess the impact of the 2008 Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA) on mental and substance use disorder services in the private, large group employer–sponsored insurance market in the United States. Methods. We analyzed data from the IBM MarketScan Commercial Database from January 2005 through September 2015 by using population-level interrupted time series regressions to determine whether parity implementation was associated with utilization and spending outcomes. Results. MHPAEA had significant positive associations with utilization of mental and substance use disorder outpatient services. A spending decomposition analysis indicated that increases in utilization were the primary drivers of increases in spending associated with MHPAEA. Analyses of opioid use disorder and nonopioid substance use disorder services found that associations with utilization and spending were not attributable only to increases in treatment of opioid use disorder. Conclusions. MHPAEA is positively associated with utilization of outpatient mental and substance use disorder services for Americans covered by large group employer–sponsored insurance. Public Health Implications. These trends continued over the 5-year post-MHPAEA period, underscoring the long-term relationship between this policy change and utilization of behavioral health services.
LNG at a Crossroads
Authors: Feder Judy 
Published: June 2019

For an industry that is just over 50 years old, liquefied natural gas (LNG) has matured rapidly and is playing an ever-growing role in the global energy system. From the start of international trade in the 1960s, demand reached 50 MTPA in 1990, then 100 MTPA in 2000, and 240 MTPA in 2012, according to the Center for Liquefied Natural Gas (CLNG).
LNG has become the world’s fastest-growing gas supply source and is now part of an upheaval in the global energy market. Trade has quadrupled over the past two decades and is set to double over the next two. Consumption and share growth have set new records for three consecutive years. New markets for both demand and supply are developing rapidly. Liquefaction facilities and vessel fleets are expanding. Innovative and collaborative trade models are emerging. And, new technologies are being pursued to enhance LNG’s flexibility and competitiveness with other primary energy forms (Fig. 1).
LNG is not without risks. These range from project economics, fuel competition, and politics on a local, national, and global scale to partner priorities, marketing, and contractual arrangements. Given the growing world population, the rising demand for more energy, and the need to mitigate climate change, the consensus is that the long-term outlook is bullish. But, says industry technical advisor DNV GL, the sector stands at a crossroads, and the industry must adopt new thinking to address current and future needs of buyers, sellers, and consumers both globally and regionally.
What’s Behind the Growth?
Three primary factors are behind the current wave of growth in LNG, according to the Shell 2019 LNG Outlook: the energy challenge, new countries choosing LNG for various reasons, and supply and demand.
The world’s current population of 7.6 billion people is expected to reach 8.6 billion in 2030, 9.7 billion in 2050, and 11.2 billion in 2100, according to United Nations estimates. Of today’s population, nearly one person in three either has no electricity or struggles with unreliable supplies. As the population grows and more people seek to improve their quality of life, Shell projects that, by 2070, the world is likely to use at least 50% more energy than it does today.
Natural gas has an advantage over other energy sources to meet current and future energy challenges because it is abundant, relatively clean, and cost-effective to produce. For these reasons and the role it can play in lowering carbon dioxide emissions, it is being touted as a bridge fuel to renewables as well as a foundational source of energy.
Osteoarthritis (OA): A Modern Disease of the Anthropocene Era
Authors: Mobasheri Ali , Levesque Marc C. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper we discuss recent studies that have unravelled important roles for modern-day environmental factors in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). OA is a relatively modern disease in terms of human evolution. While our ancestors have been around for about six million years, modern humans (Homo sapiens) only evolved about 200,000 years ago. Early humans did not live long enough to suffer from age-related musculoskeletal conditions such as OA and arthritic diseases are thought to have been extremely rare in early Natufians and Egyptians, but this is probably because of an underrepresentation of older adults in the skeletal records. Examination of Egyptian skeletal records from burial sites provides some evidence of arthritic diseases such as OA, but mainly in the mummified remains of pharaohs and high-ranking officials, viziers, priests and nobles. Examination of the skeletal records in Roman burial ground does reveal more evidence of arthritic diseases but the evidence is sketchy and we can only assume that arthritic diseases were more prevalent in the slave population in ancient Egypt and the Roman Empire. Recent studies indicate that independent risk factors for knee OA either arose or have become amplified in the post-industrial era, suggesting that the prevalence of OA has gradually increased since the industrial revolution. Alarmingly, the incidence of knee OA has doubled since the middle of the 20thcentury, suggesting that OA is a modern disease of the Anthropocene era and there may be unknown environmental factors that have led to its increased incidence since industrialization.
Temporal Variability of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Cotton Production on the Texas High Plains
Authors: Burke J.A. , Lewis K.L. , Ritchie G.L. , Moore‐Kucera J. , DeLaune P.B. , Keeling J.W. 
Published: June 2019

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a key indicator of soil health as it is important in essential soil functions related to nutrient cycling and soil productivity. Although, it can take several decades to increase SOC in semi‐arid ecoregions, it is possible that the low organic matter background in sandy soils typical of semi‐arid soils may show greater fluctuations compared to soils from other regions. This study was conducted to evaluate the temporal C and N dynamics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) cropping systems in a semi‐arid region. The effects of no‐tillage (NT) and cover crop use on SOC, potassium permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), inorganic nitrogen (Ninorg), and microbial respiration were investigated in a long‐term study (∼19 yr) at Lamesa, TX, comparing conventional tillage (CT), winter fallow, to no‐tillage rye cover (R‐NT), and no‐tillage mixed species cover (M‐NT) on an Amarillo fine sandy loam. Results showed SOC and POXC were greatest during periods of active cover crop and cotton root growth. Soil organic C and POXC were significantly correlated (R2= 0.75;p< 0.0001), but poorly correlated to microbial respiration (R2= 0.41,p= 0.0001; andR2= 0.02,p= 0.8781, respectively). Conservation management practices did not impact Ninorg. Soil organic C and POXC levels were more variable than previously reported and responded to active root growth in this semi‐arid, sandy soil.Core IdeasSoil organic C and K permanganate oxidizable C were more temporally variable than previously reported.Soil organic C and K permanganate oxidizable C were greatest during active cover than fallow periods.Long‐term conservation management did not significantly increase inorganic N.