bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KONSEP AWAL BULAN MENURUT MUHAMMAD MA'SHUM BIN ALI (Telaah terhadap Kitab Badī’ah al-Miṡāl)
Authors: Maesyaroh Maesyaroh 
Published: May 2018

Abstract The beginning of Islamic month is related to Muslim worship. Muhammad Ma’shum bin Ali or popularly known as Ma’shum bin Ali is one of Indonesian Islamic astronomers that applied the technique of haqiqi bi tahqiq. His thought on the concept of beginning of month was written in Badī’ah al-Miṡāl book. He stated that the prerequisite of beginning of month is the emergence of Ijimak (moon and sun are at the same longitude) because it constitutes the main requirement of the appearance of hilal. This concept is according to hadd ar-rukyah in which the limit of hilal to be able to see must be in two conditions: irtifa’ hilal and nurul hilal. Hilal can only be seen at 60 with 2/3 uṣbu’. It means that if the height of hilal is less than 60, that day will be considered as the last month. Ma’shum bin Ali also purposed a hisab method based on spherical trigonometry theory. But for the finishing it refers to rubu’ mujayyab which has high accuracy that is almost as acurate as contemporary hisab.Keywords: Beginning of Islamic Month, Height of Hilal, Nurul Hilal. Abstrak Penetapan awal bulan kamariah erat kaitannya dengan pelaksanaan ibadah umat Islam. Muhammad Ma'shum bin Ali atau lebih dikenal dengan nama Ma'shum bin Ali merupakan salah satu tokoh falak di Indonesia yang beraliran haqiqi bi tahqiq. Pemikirannya tentang konsep awal bulan dituangkan dalam kitab Badī’ah al-Miṡāl. Menurutnya syarat untuk penetapan awal bulan adalah terjadinya ijtimak (bulan dan matahari dalam garis bujur yang sama),karena ijtimak merupakan syarat nampaknya hilal. Konsep awal bulan yang ditawarkan oleh Muhammad Ma’shum bin Ali menganut hadd ar-rukyah. Dalam hal ini, batasan hilal yang dapat dirukyat sebagai pertanda awal bulan harus memenuhi dua syarat kumulatif yaitu tingginya hilal atau irtifa’ hilal dan nurul hilal. Hilal yang dapat dirukyat dengan ketinggian minimal 60 dan nurul hilal sebesar 2/3 uṣbu’. Artinya jika ketinggian hilal kurang dari enam derajat maka pada saat itu dihitung sebagai hari terakhir dari bulan yang sedang berlangsung. Adapun metode hisab yang ditawarkan oleh Ma'shum bin Ali berdasarkan teori spherical trigonometry, hanya saja penyelesaiannya dengan menggunakan rubu’ mujayyab. Hasil hitungannya memiliki tingkat akurasi yang cukup tinggi hampir sama dengan hisab kontemporer.Kata kunci: Penetapan awal bulan hijriyah, ketinggian hilal, nurul hilal.
KURSUS PRA-NIKAH: KONSEP DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA (STUDI KOMPERATIF ANTARA BP4 KUA KEC. PONTIANAK TIMUR DENGAN GKKB JEMAAT PONTIANAK)
Authors: Hakim Muhammad Lutfi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMarriage is a holly and sacred bond. Hence, before getting married, spouses should make good preparations and considerations by having pre-wedding counseling in order that the marriage will be harmonious and long lasting without divorce ending. This is based on a field research on pre-wedding counseling known as suscatin held by KUA, Kec. Pontianak Timur, and that by GKKB Jemaat Pontianak. Both pre-marriage counseling programs are differently applied but they have common purposes: providing marital guidance, description, and preparation in order that spouses can maintain their harmonious marriage: sakinah, mawadah, and rahmah.Keywords: Pre-wedding Counseling, KUA Kec. Pontianak Timur, GKKB Jemaat Pontianak. Abstrak Pernikahan adalah sebuah ikatan yang suci dan sakral. Sebelum mengikat sebuah ikatan yang suci tersebut, para calon suami-isteri harus mempersiapkan sematang-matangnya. Banyak sekali pasangan suami-isteri menikah, akan tetapi kehidupan keluarganya tidak berlangsung dengan harmonis, bahkan terjadi perceraian. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan bimbingan, arahan, dan konseling sebelum melakukan sebuah pernikahan tersebut. Tujuannya adalah supaya para calon pasangan suami-isteri tersebut sudah siap untuk membina sebuah keluarga yang sakinah. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil dari penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-analitik. Kursus pra-nikah di KUA Kec. Pontianak Timur dikenal dengan istilah Suscatin, sedangkan di GKKB Jemaat Pontianak dikenal dengan istilah konseling pra-nikah. Pelaksanaan kursus pra-nikah diantara keduanya memiliki perbedaan dan persamaan masing-masing. Perbedaannya lebih kepada hal yang teknis, sedangkan persamaanya terletak dari tujuan diadakannya kursus pra-nikah tersebut, yaitu memberi arahan, gambaran persiapan, bimbingan, dan konseling kepada calon pasangan suami-isteri untuk dapat membina rumah tangga yang sakinah, mawaddah, dan rahmah.Kata Kunci: Kursus, Pra-Nikah, KUA Kec. Pontianak Timur, GKKB Jemaat Pontianak
Biochemical Markers for Prediction of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Belovic Dušica Kocijančić , Plešinac Snežana , Dotlić Jelena , Radojević Ana Savić , Akšam Slavica , Cvjetićanin Mirjana Marjanović , Kocijančić Aleksandar 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackground:Gestational hypertension (GH) and pre eclampsia (PE) are the most common gestational complications. Several placental biochemical markers are used to predict GH/PE, but with conflicting results.Methods:The study aim was to estimate the biochemical markers’ ability to predict hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. On the first ultrasonographic examination, 104 healthy pregnant women were recruited. At the regular pregnancy check-ups, BMI, blood pressure, occurrence of gestational hypertension (early or late onset), preeclampsia, eclampsia and other complications were recorded. Serum concentrations (in multiples of median – MoM) of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and pregnancyassociated plasma protein A (PAPPA) were measured from the 11th to 14th gestational week, while HCG, alpha feto protein (AFP), estriol and inhibin were determined between the 16th and 19th gestational week.Results:Hypertensive disorders throughout pregnancy were diagnosed in 20.2% women. Early-onset GH was registered in 7 and PE in 6 patients, while 14 had late-onset GH and 10 additional women PE. There were no significant differences (p≥0.05) in biochemical markers concentrations between women with and without GH/PE. PAPPA levels in the first and HCG in the second trimester correlated with early and late GH/PE. Moreover, higher AFP concentrations were registered in women with preeclampsia signs/symptoms. According to ROC analysis, AFP>1.05 MoM properly identified 80% of GH/PE cases. Obtained models imply that HCG, PAPPA and AFP should be used for GH/PE prediction.Conclusions:Biochemical markers HCG, PAPPA and AFP could be useful in predicting gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. However, different markers should be used for early and late onset GH/PE.
Polymorphic Variations in VDR Gene in Saudi Women with and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Significant Influence of Seven Polymorphic Sites on Anthropometric And Hormonal Parameters
Authors: Al Thomali Arwa , Daghestani Maha H. , Daghestani Mazin H. , Kaya Namik , Warsy Arjumand 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackground:This study was designed to evaluate the associations between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and biochemical characteristics of Saudi women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods:Serum levels of LH, FSH, and Vitamin D were measured in 33 women: 16 patients and 17 normal controls (18 to 36 years). DNA was extracted and used for sequencing of the exons ofVDRgene using ABI PRISM 3730xi Genetic Analyzer.Results:Weight, BMI, Vit D, LH and FSH levels were higher in the PCOS patients compared to control group, where Vit D level correlated positively and significantly with FSH, in the control, but showed a negative and non-significant correlation in the PCOS patients. Sequencing results showed extensive polymorphisms in both groups, but the differences in the frequencies were not significant. Demographic and hormonal parameters were compared in the different genotypes of the SNPs. Significant differences were ob served in the values of the studied parameters in rs11168276, rs11168266, rs3858733, rs121909790, rs11168265 and rs731236. Vitamin D level was influenced significantly by the genotypes of rs11168265 (AA) (p=0.008), rs11168276 (AA; p=0.018) and rs731236 (CC; p=0.024).Conclusion:Vitamin D deficiency does not associate with PCOS in Saudi females. Several SNPs are identified in the VDR gene, in normal and PCOS females, but there is no difference in their frequencies between the two groups. The results show that polymorphism in VDR gene influences certain anthropometric and hormonal parameters in PCOS patients. Further detailed studies are required to confirm the associations between VDR and PCOS.
Poisoning of Dogs in the Republic of Macedonia- Pathomorphological Changes and the Impact on Animal Welfare
Authors: Gjurovski Ivica , Dovenska Monika , Janevski Aleksandar , Ristoski Trpe 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The illegal poisoning of dogs and other domestic and wild animals presents a worldwide problem causing animal suffering and R. Macedonia is not an exeption. The goal of this study is to make a comparison of the results from the histopathological examination conducted among poisoned dogs in the Republic of Macedonia. Morphological and histopathological changes in poisoned dogs were investigated for a period of 10 years. The examination was performed on 31 dogs, 13 of which were home kept, 7 were street dogs and 11 of unknown origin. The most significant necropsy findings concerned the inflammatory and necrotic processes of the gastrointestinal tract. The histopathological changes were mainly located in the kidneys, stomach, intestines and the lungs.
Differentiated integration contingent on objective ability: a federalist critique
Authors: Bardutzky Samo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This article is inspired by the 2017 discussions on the future of Europe (in particular some of the ideas debated in the White Paper on the Future of Europe, published by the European Commission) and the events that took place in the crises and post-crises period (aftermath of the financial crisis, ongoing refugee crisis and the Brexit shock). It is particularly interested in the scenario of differentiated integration. In this regard, it observes how in the aftermath of the crises, there was a shift in the rationale of differentiated integration with objective (in)ability of the states taking a prominent role. It presents a federalist critique of this development, drawing on the work of Daniel Elazar, discussing the concepts of non-centralization, federal process and federal covenant in the context of the 2017 discussions in the EU.
Reconstructing Social Dialogue
Authors: Ramos Mariana Pinto 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The European Social Dialogue, and its output, the European collective agreements, are intended to implement minimum standards of working conditions that bind all Member- States, in a logic of legal harmonisation of the European Union’s social objectives. However, despite some federal traits of the European Union (“EU”), since the beginning European social dialogue has faced numerous challenges, particularly when confronted with the need to balance economic interests, giving social policies a subsidiary role, and when facing the different agendas of each Member-State. This article proceeds with a historical analysis of the development of European Social Dialogue, its implementation stages, and past and current challenges, which can be divided in three phases: past experience, present experience and current challenges and, finally, an attempt to project what new social policies might hold for the future.
The referenda for more autonomy in Veneto and Lombardia: constitutional and comparative perspectives
Authors: Arban Erika 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In a global context where popular referenda are increasingly used to decide contested issues, this paper aims at exploring the framework in which, in October 2017, two referenda took place in the Italian northern regions of Veneto and Lombardia to seek additional forms and conditions of autonomy within the Italian regional state as painted by the Constitution after the 2001 reform. By adopting mainly an analytical perspective, this contribution studies the political and constitutional underpinnings of the two referenda while at the same time providing a cursory comparative account of differential and asymmetric regionalism.
Aseksualitas dalam Drama TV Sherlock di Televisi BBC One
Authors: Muslikhin Muslikhin , Lalong Elsa Tesalonika 
Published: May 2018

Sherlock adalah sebuah adaptasi dari cerita Sherlock Holmes dalam bentuk drama televisi di BBC One. Sherlock menggunakan latar abad ke-21, sebagai pengganti jaman Victoria (1830-1901) seperti cerita asli Sherlock Holmes. Karakter tokoh Sherlock Holmes, terutama orientasi seksualnya menimbulkan perdebatan di kalangan kritisi dan penggemar cerita Sherlock. Hal ini terjadi karena penulis cerita tidak secara jelas dan tegas memberikan gambaran tentang orientasi seksual dari Sherlock Holmes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanda-tanda yang merepresentasikan aseksualitas pada tokoh Sherlock Holmes sebagai pribadi yang menunjukkan ciri-ciri aseksualitas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Semiotika Ferdinand de Saussure. Dasar analisis aseksualitas yang digunakan adalah 10 ciri-ciri aseksualitas dari Decker. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan Sherlock Holmes adalah seorang aseksual karena memenuhi 8 dari 10 ciri-ciri aseksual menurut Decker.
ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF CHANGING THE INDICATORS OF THE FUNCTIONAL OCCLUSION ASSESSMENT METHOD T-SCAN IN PATIENTS WITH OCCLUSION DISORDERS WHICH HAVE BEEN ARISEN OR WERE ACTIVATED AS A RESULT OF INCORRECT DENTAL SURGERY
Authors: Shynchukovskyi I. A. , Nespryadko V. P. , Tereshchuk O. G. , Khrol N. S. , Oleinyk A. V. 
Published: May 2018

Recent studies showed that regaining the occlusal contacts is one of the most difficult tasks during the prosthetics remanufacturing process. It often happens, that during prosthetics remanufacturing process misunderstanding between a patient and a doctor may occur. It is related to the removal of expensive structures and manufacturing of new ones that are just as pricey. Thus, the touchstone for achieving optimal functional and esthetic results is not only the repositioning of the mandible that eliminates pain sensation in TMJ, but also regaining of the occlusal contacts is needed for prosthetics remanufacturing. Thereby, by knowing the treatment outcome, the doctor is able to minimize the risk of error in prosthetics re-manufacturing process and improve the doctor-patient relationship.Key words: maxillo-dental apparatus, temporomandibular joint, occlusive correction, masticatory muscles, pharmaceutical constructions
Economic Expansion of China: Determinants, Perspectives, Limits
Authors: Kołodko Grzegorz W. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Two centuries ago, Asia delivered over 60 percent of world production; in the middle of the 20th century it was less than 20 percent. Currently, it is twice as large and this share is still increasing, above all but not only, because of China whose production is still growing at a rate twice as fast as the world average. China is trying to maintain high economic dynamics, inter alia, through investment external expansion. This aim is to be served, among others, by the infrastructure project, drawn up with enormous verve, known as the New Silk Road, which the Middle Kingdom addresses to 65 countries on three continents. While some hope for accelerating their own economic growth, others warn against the risk of becoming dependent on China. The article analyzes these challenges, pointing to the desired directions of irreversible evolution globalization by giving it a more inclusive character, which is also strongly emphasized by the Chinese authorities in their official enunciations.
Economic Development and Dependence Theory: The Approach of the Un Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
Authors: Bonzanini Osmar Antonio , Menuzzi Diverio Tamara Silvana , Zuliani da Silva Luiz , Olesiak Estevo Mateus 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of this article is to present the vision of ECLAC - Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and its contribution to the reflections on economic development. Materials and methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive study. The first part of the paper contemplates the emergence and evolution of ECLAC thinking during its more than sixty-five years of existence. The second deals with dependency theory, ending with the current thinking proposed by ECLAC. Results: It results in a brief analysis of the moment of the globalization of the economy as an exclusionary process in the history of capitalism, emphasizing the importance of the ECLAC thinking, reinvigorated nowadays. Conclusions: It is considered that the dependency theory has been the great contribution of ECLAC thinking, with the change of focus from a viewpoint only from the prism of the central countries, to an optic from the point of view of the peripheral countries.
Eastern Borderland of the European Union in the Process of Networking, as Exemplified by the Polish-Belarusian Cross-Border Cooperation
Authors: Partycki Sławomir , Błaszczak Dawid 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Summary Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of the study is to analyse the structure and the relation of the Polish-Belarusian cross-border cooperation network, to identify the key nodes in the network, to analyse the dynamics of connections between the actors, and to identify the most important changes in the structure of the network. Materials and methods: The article quotes the results of analyses of cross-border projects from 2004- 2017. The analysis includes projects completed, applicants, and partners of projects. The network analysis was carried out using Ucinet and NetDraw software. Results: The structure of the Polish-Belarusian cooperation is dominated by several large nodes, on the other hand there are many micronetworks - of three or four nodes, which are connected with each other. Conclusions: The Polish-Belarusian cooperation is of great importance for the international relations of the Polish state. Projects carried out by entities located at the border strengthen the cooperation, bringing a number of measurable benefits (hard and soft), depending on nature of the projects, as well as frequency and scale of the undertaken activities.
Influence of the Common Agricultural Policy on the Development of Family Agricultural Farms in the Podlaskie Province
Authors: Kołoszko-Chomentowska Zofia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSubject and purpose of work: We present the results of the research on the impact of the CAP on the development of family farms in the province of Podlasie. Materials and methods: The research covered farms included in the FADN system. The analysis concerns 2005 and 2014 and was carried out in groups separated due to the their condition and development opportunities: progressive farms, potentially progressive and non-progressive ones. The development opportunities were assessed on the basis of the surplus on self-financing, net investments and fixed asset replacement rates. Results: In all groups of farms the value of assets grew, and the growth rate of assets was the highest in the progressive farms. Only the progressive and potentially progressive farms had self-financing options. Conclusions: Budget transfers targeted at farms affected the intensification of activities related to their modernization, which resulted in the diversification of these entities. The most active recreation of fixed assets took place in the progressive farms. The market activity of potentially progressive farms increased and they are likely to become progressive farms in the future. The non-progressive farms are characterized by their permanent inability to develop.
Influence of Selected Agricultural Policy Instruments on the Regional Variation in Changes in Milk Production in Poland
Authors: Parzonko Andrzej 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Subject and purpose of work: The objectives of the elaboration are the following: 1) to analyze the regional changes (at the level of poviats) in the number of farms involved in milk production over the period 2002-2010; 2) to present the main factors affecting the ongoing changes in Polish farms oriented at milk production; 3) to determine the impact of the measure 121. “Modernization of agricultural holdings” under the RDP 2007-2013 and the applied system of direct subsidies for the development of farms oriented at milk production. Materials and methods: The work has been prepared on the basis of the analysis and synthesis of the source literature, statistical data collected and the author’s own reflections. Results: In Poland, in the years 2002-2010 there was a distinct regional differentiation in the pace of the ongoing changes in the dairy sector. The regions, where we observe the development of milk production, include almost the entire Podlaskie Province, the northern part of the Mazowieckie Province and the south-eastern part of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province. Conclusions: Within the RDP 2007-2013, significant funds were allocated to support the modernization of agricultural farms. Mainly under the measure 121 “Modernization of agricultural holdings” the investments were carried out in relation to the purchase of mobile equipment, they represented 89% of all investments. This was partly due to the actual demand and administrative procedures that stimulated these types of investments.
Institutional and Systemic Determinants of the Development of Business Entities in the Market of Accommodation and Catering Services
Authors: Kuźmicki Marek 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Subject and purpose of work: The aim of this article is to determine the influence of the institutional and systemic environment on the development of enterprises providing accommodation and catering services in Lublin province. Materials and Methods: The direct questionnaire and computer-assisted method of data collection CAWI were used to carry out research. Results: The research conducted in 2007 and 2013 shows that there was a positive change in the institutional and systemic environment, with improved access to capital and EU aid programs, along with government policy, local government policy and promotion, as well as tourism and business development organizations. Conclusions: Entrepreneurs expect greater involvement of the state in activities that encourage the increase of the competitiveness of enterprises. The issue of simplifying the tax system and reducing the existing taxes is particularly important.