bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiR‐30‐5p suppresses cell chemoresistance and stemness in colorectal cancer through USP22/Wnt/β‐catenin signaling axis
Authors: Jiang Shixiong , Miao Dazhuang , Wang Muhong , Lv Jiachen , Wang Yihui , Tong Jinxue 
Published: October 2018

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) remains both common and fatal, and its successful treatment is greatly limited by the development of stem cell‐like characteristics (stemness) and chemoresistance. MiR‐30‐5p has been shown to function as a tumor suppressor by targeting the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, but its activity in CRC has never been assessed. We hypothesized that miR‐30‐5p exerts anti‐oncogenic effects in CRC by regulating the USP22/Wnt/β‐catenin signaling axis. In the present study, we demonstrate that tissues from CRC patients and human CRC cell lines show significantly decreased miR‐30‐5p family expression. After identifying the 3’UTR of USP22 as a potential binding site of miR‐30‐5p, we constructed a luciferase reporter containing the potential miR‐30‐5p binding site and measured the effects on USP22 expression. Western blot assays showed that miR‐30‐5p decreased USP22 protein expression in HEK293 and Caco2 CRC cells. To evaluate the effects of miR‐30‐5p on CRC cell stemness, we isolated CD133 + CRC cells (Caco2 and HCT15). We then determined that, while miR‐30‐5p is normally decreased in CD133 + CRC cells, miR‐30‐5p overexpression significantly reduces expression of stem cell markers CD133 and Sox2, sphere formation, and cell proliferation. Similarly, we found that miR‐30‐5p expression is normally reduced in 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) resistant CRC cells, whereas miR‐30‐5p overexpression in 5‐FU resistant cells reduces sphere formation and cell viability. Inhibition of miR‐30‐5p reversed the process. Finally, we determined that miR‐30‐5p attenuates the expression of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling target genes (Axin2 and MYC), Wnt luciferase activity, and β‐catenin protein levels in CRC stem cells.
Liver X receptor activation reduces gastric cancer cell proliferation by suppressing Wnt signalling via LXRβ relocalization
Authors: Wang Qiang , Feng Fan , Wang Jiayou , Ren Meijia , Shi Zhonggang , Mao Xiang , Zhang Heng , Ju Xiaoli 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLiver X receptors (LXRs) are involved in various diseases associated with lipid disorders, and in regulating cancer cell proliferation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms, especially those in gastric cancer (GC) remain to be clarified. In this study, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that LXRβ was mainly expressed in GC tissue, with less expression in adjacent normal tissues. The LXRβ agonist T0901317 efficiently suppressed the proliferation and colony formation of various GC cell lines. We further showed that LXRβ translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus when activated by T0901317. LXRβ nuclear localization suppressed the activation of Wnt signalling and decreased the expression of target genes such as MYC, BMP4, and MMP7 through binding to their promoters. Moreover, we demonstrated that the LXR agonist efficiently suppressed GC tumour growth in a nude mouse xenograft model. Taken together, these results revealed that LXRβ agonist inhibited GC cells proliferation by suppressing Wnt signalling via LXRβ relocalization. The results strongly suggest that LXRβ could be a promising target in GC therapy.
Molecular epidemiology of human papillomavirus genotypes in oral rinses from HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative Jamaican patients
Authors: Rajendra Santosh Arvind B. , Christian Nicole A. , Jones Thaon , Thoms‐Rodriguez Camille‐Ann A. , Condappa Andrew , Thompson Tamara , Pinkney Jodian , Barton Everard N. , Lindo John 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimHuman papillomavirus (HPV) has been reported to be associated with oral and oropharyngeal cancer. However, little information is available about the epidemiology of oral HPV infection in Jamaica. The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence of oral HPV strains using the oral rinse method in HIV and non‐HIV Jamaican patients, as well as to determine the association of HPV with sexual practices, smoking, and alcohol use.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on patients attending The University of the West Indies Mona Dental Polyclinic and the Centre for HIV/AIDS Research and Education Services. Salivary samples were tested through molecular analysis for 37 HPV genotypes using the linear array HPV genotyping test. A survey questionnaire was used to obtain demographic details, smoking history, alcohol practice, sexual practice, and history of HPV testing.ResultsThe HPV prevalence was 8.65% in 18‐64 y olds (N = 104), with a slight female predilection (55%). No high‐risk HPV types were found. HPV‐84 was the most common type in both HIV and non‐HIV patients; 66.7% of HPV‐positive participants reported that they had six or more lifetime sexual partners.ConclusionThe prevalence of oral HPV was similar to that in other countries. No statistically‐significant relationship was observed between the prevalence of HPV and either the number of sexual partners, smoking, or alcohol history. A nationwide study on oral HPV detection might be helpful in developing a HPV vaccination policy in Jamaica.
A case of uterine lymphangioleiomyomatosis in a young woman that was identified via peritonitis
Authors: Yoshizawa Hikari , Kawai Satoshi , Hirota Yutaka , Ueda Takahiro , Kuroda Makoto , Fujii Takuma 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough lymphangioleiomyomatosis is often observed with tuberous sclerosis, uterine lymphangioleiomyomatosis is rare. Our patient was 36 years old (gravida 0, para 0). She had a history of tuberous sclerosis, and many myometrial cystic lesions were identified during assisted reproductive therapy. Although we administered a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analog, myometrial cystic lesions increased in size. Therefore, simple hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy and pelvic lymph node biopsy were performed. Postoperative histology showed lymphangioleiomyomatosis and myometrial abscess. For uterine lesions in young women with tuberous sclerosis, the possibility of uterine lymphangioleiomyomatosis should also be considered.
Antibodies: The major participants in maternal–fetal interaction
Authors: Yang Xin , Zhang Caiji , Chen Guozhen , Sun Chengming , Li Jinming 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study is to improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in maternal–fetal immune tolerance. We searched the related literatures and overviewed the major antibodies associated with pregnancy and described in details their possible roles in mediating maternal–fetal interactions. Antibodies classified into different types based on their functional or structural characteristics were summarized, including immunoglobulin G, blocking antibody, nonprecipitating asymmetric antibody, antiphospholipid antibody, antitrophoblast antibody and antipaternal antibody. The presence and levels of various circulating antibodies in pregnancy may play a crucial role in the occurrence, development and termination of pregnancy.
Expertise in the Game of Go and Levels of Visuospatial and Pattern Recognition Abilities
Authors: Wojtasinski Marcin , Francuz Piotr 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe results of existing research indicate higher levels of visuospatial and pattern recognition abilities in experts in the game of Go compared to novices. However, the tasks included in the research have been focused only on Go‐game situations. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that experts in the game of Go would achieve higher scores, compared to novices, on behavioral tests measuring visuospatial abilities and that pattern recognition tests would be a predictor of group membership (experts, low‐skill players, novices). We consider that the game of Go can be treated as a special case of tasks related to visuospatial abilities and pattern recognition. Sixty men participated in the study, including 17 experts in the game of Go, 13 low‐skill players, and 30 novices. The results of behavioral tests—the advanced version of Raven's Progressive Matrices and the APIS‐Z Test's Visuospatial Abilities subscale, which measure pattern recognition and visuospatial abilities, respectively—confirmed the hypotheses.
Patterns of Alcohol Use Among Patients Living With HIV in Urban, Large Rural, and Small Rural Areas
Authors: Bensley Kara M. , McGinnis Kathleen A. , Fortney John , Chan K. C. Gary , Dombrowski Julia C. , Ornelas India , Edelman E. Jennifer , Goulet Joseph L. , Satre Derek D. , Justice Amy C. , Fiellin David A. , Williams Emily C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundFor people living with HIV (PLWH), alcohol use is harmful and may be influenced by unique challenges faced by PLWH living in rural areas. We describe patterns of alcohol use across rurality among PLWH.MethodsVeterans Aging Cohort Study electronic health record data were used to identify patients with HIV (ICD‐9 codes for HIV or AIDS) who completed AUDIT‐C alcohol screening between February 1, 2008, and September 30, 2014. Regression models estimated and compared 4 alcohol use outcomes (any use [AUDIT‐C > 0] and alcohol use disorder [AUD; ICD‐9 codes for abuse or dependence] diagnoses among all PLWH, and AUDIT‐C risk categories: lower‐ [1‐3 men/1‐2 women], moderate‐ [4‐5 men/3‐5 women], higher‐ 6‐7]), and severe‐risk [8‐12], and heavy episodic drinking (HED; ≥1 past‐year occasion) among PLWH reporting use) across rurality (urban, large rural, small rural) and census‐defined region.FindingsAmong 32,699 PLWH (29,540 urban, 1,301 large rural, and 1,828 small rural), both any alcohol use and AUD were highest in urban areas, although this varied across region. Predicted prevalence of any alcohol use was 54.1% (53.5%‐54.7%) in urban, 49.6% (46.9%‐52.3%) in large rural, and 50.6% (48.3%‐52.9%) in small rural areas (P < .01). Predicted prevalence of AUD was 14.4% (14.0%‐14.8%) in urban, 11.8% (10.0%‐13.5%) in large rural, and 12.3% (10.8%‐13.8%) in small rural areas (P < .01). Approximately 12% and 25% had higher‐ or severe‐risk drinking and HED, respectively, but neither differed across rurality.ConclusionThough some variation across rurality and region was observed, alcohol‐related interventions are needed for PLWH across all geographic locations.
Overcoming Barriers to Prescribing Buprenorphine for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder: Recommendations from Rural Physicians
Authors: Andrilla C. Holly A. , Moore Tessa E. , Patterson Davis G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeThe United States is in the midst of a severe opioid use disorder epidemic. Buprenorphine is an effective office‐based treatment that can be prescribed by physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants with a Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) waiver. However, many providers report barriers that keep them from either getting a DEA waiver or fully using it. The study team interviewed rural physicians successfully prescribing buprenorphine to identify strategies for overcoming commonly cited barriers for providing this service.MethodsInterview candidates were randomly selected from a list of rurally located physicians with a DEA waiver to prescribe buprenorphine who reported treating high numbers of patients on a 2016 survey. Forty‐three rural physicians, who were prescribing buprenorphine to a high number of patients, were interviewed about how they overcame prescribing barriers previously identified in that survey.FindingsInterviewed physicians reported numerous ways to overcome common barriers to providing buprenorphine treatment in rural areas. Key recommendations included ways to (1) get started and maintain medication‐assisted treatment, (2) minimize DEA intrusion and medication diversion, and (3) address the lack of mental health providers and stigma surrounding opioid use disorder (OUD). Overall, physicians found providing this service to be very rewarding.ConclusionsDespite known barriers, rural physicians around the country have been successful in adding buprenorphine treatment to their practices. Nonprescribing providers can learn from the strategies used by successful prescribers to add this service.
Sex hormone levels by presence and severity of cirrhosis in women with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Sarkar Monika , Lai Jennifer C. , Sawinski Deirdre , Zeigler Toni E. , Cedars Marcelle , Forde Kimberly A. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryCirrhosis is associated with hormonal dysregulation, as evidenced by secondary amenorrhoea in reproductive‐aged women, and feminization of cirrhotic men. Whether hormone levels vary by severity of cirrhosis in women is not known. If identified, such changes may have important clinical relevance, particularly, as low sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) are known to promote metabolic and cardiovascular disease in women. In a cohort of post‐menopausal women with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we compared comprehensive sex hormone levels by presence of cirrhosis, as well as across Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh (CTP) class. Results: There were n = 18 cirrhotic and n = 21 noncirrhotic women with a median age of 57 years (interquartile range [IQR] 53‐62). Compared to noncirrhotics, cirrhotic women had higher oestradiol (11.0 vs 6.0 pg/mL, P = 0.05) and oestrone levels (32.0 vs 8.0 ng/mL, P < 0.001), and lower sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (69.2 vs 155.6 nmol/L, P = 0.001), and FSH levels (4.9 vs 89.6 mIU/mL, P < 0.001). Among cirrhotic women, there was a progressive decline in FSH and SHBG and concurrent rise in oestrone levels from CTP class A to C (test of trend, P values ≤0.02). Cirrhosis is associated with lower FSH and SHBG levels in cirrhotic compared to noncirrhotic women with HCV infection. In cirrhotic women, these levels demonstrate steady decline by disease severity. Given known associations of low SHBG and FSH with cardio‐metabolic disease, the clinical implications of hormonal changes by cirrhosis severity in HCV‐infected women warrants investigation.
Which results of the standard test for community‐weighted mean approach are too optimistic?
Authors: Zelený David 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimsThe community‐weighted mean (CWM) approach is used to analyse the relationship between species attributes (traits, Ellenberg‐type indicator values) and sample attributes (environmental variables, richness) via the community matrix. It has recently been shown to suffer from inflated Type I error rate if tested by a standard test and the results of many published studies are probably affected. I review the current knowledge about this problem, and clarify which studies are likely affected and by how much.MethodsI suggest classifying hypotheses commonly tested by CWM approach into three categories, which differ in the formulation of the null hypothesis. I use simulated and real data to show how the Type I error rate of the standard test is affected by data characteristics.ResultsThe CWM approach with the standard test returns a correct Type I error rate for hypotheses assuming a link between species attributes and composition (Category A). However, for hypotheses assuming a link between composition and sample attributes (Category B) or not assuming any link (Category C), the standard test is inflated, and alternative tests are needed to control for this. The inflation of standard tests for Category C is negatively related to the compositional β‐diversity, and positively to the strength of the composition–sample attributes relationship and data set sample size. These results apply to CWM analyses with extrinsic sample attributes (not derived from the compositional matrix). CWM analysis with intrinsic sample attributes (derived from the composition, such as species richness) is a case of spurious correlation and can be tested using a column‐based (modified) permutation test.ConclusionsThe concept of three hypothesis categories offers a simple tool to evaluate which hypothesis has been tested and whether the results have correct or inflated Type I error rate. In the case of inflated results, the level of inflation can be estimated from the data characteristics.
Drivers of species richness and community integrity of small forest patches in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Takkis Krista , Kull Tiiu , Hallikma Tiit , Jaksi Piia , Kaljund Karin , Kauer Karin , Kull Thea , Kurina Olavi , Külvik Mart , Lanno Kaire , Leht Malle , Liira Jaan , Melts Indrek , Pehlak Hannes , Raet Janar , Sammet Kaarel , Sepp Kalev , Väli Ülo , Laanisto Lauri 
Published: October 2018

AbstractQuestionsLong‐term fragmentation and land use in Europe have created a landscape pattern where small forest patches are embedded among agricultural landscapes. These small forest patches can be one of the few habitats left to maintain the species richness and ecosystem functions within intensively managed agroecosystems. We ask, which factors determine vascular plant species richness, community composition and forest community integrity in small forest patches in an agricultural landscape?LocationNE Estonia.MethodsWe combine island biogeographic theory (patch area and isolation) with the properties of the surrounding landscape and local environmental conditions within a patch to study the drivers of species richness and community integrity.ResultsPatch area together with local environmental factors (understorey light conditions and soil reaction) determined both species richness and community integrity. Total species richness and forest generalists were related to patch area alone, whereas forest specialists were additionally dependent on patch light conditions. Species richness of grassland specialists in the forest patches increased with the amount of natural habitat in the surrounding landscape, while the presence of synanthropic species was positively related to soil reaction. Forest community integrity was higher in larger, more shaded patches with low soil reaction, which together defined suitable conditions for forest communities and hindered the intrusion of species from other habitats.ConclusionsUnder a suitable set of conditions, encompassing both favourable landscape and local environmental conditions, even small forest patches can provide habitat for both forest and grassland communities in agricultural landscapes. Comprehensive approaches, considering species composition, environment and landscape conditions simultaneously, are needed for making reliable predictions of biodiversity patterns.
Modelling carbon sources and sinks in terrestrial vegetation
Authors: Fatichi Simone , Pappas Christoforos , Zscheischler Jakob , Leuzinger Sebastian 
Published: October 2018

Contents

Summary
652

I.
Introduction
652

II.
Discrepancy in predicting the effects of rising [CO2] on the terrestrial C sink
655

III.
Carbon and nutrient storage in plants and its modelling
656

IV.
Modelling the source and the sink: a plant perspective
657

V.
Plant‐scale water and Carbon flux models
660

VI.
Challenges for the future
662

Acknowledgements
663

Authors contributions
663

References
663

SummaryThe increase in atmospheric CO2 in the future is one of the most certain projections in environmental sciences. Understanding whether vegetation carbon assimilation, growth, and changes in vegetation carbon stocks are affected by higher atmospheric CO2 and translating this understanding in mechanistic vegetation models is of utmost importance. This is highlighted by inconsistencies between global‐scale studies that attribute terrestrial carbon sinks to CO2 stimulation of gross and net primary production on the one hand, and forest inventories, tree‐scale studies, and plant physiological evidence showing a much less pronounced CO2 fertilization effect on the other hand. Here, we review how plant carbon sources and sinks are currently described in terrestrial biosphere models. We highlight an uneven representation of complexity between the modelling of photosynthesis and other processes, such as plant respiration, direct carbon sinks, and carbon allocation, largely driven by available observations. Despite a general lack of data on carbon sink dynamics to drive model improvements, ways forward toward a mechanistic representation of plant carbon sinks are discussed, leveraging on results obtained from plant‐scale models and on observations geared toward model developments.
A curated gene list for expanding the horizons of pigmentation biology
Authors: Baxter Laura L. , Watkins‐Chow Dawn E. , Pavan William J. , Loftus Stacie K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOver the past century, studies of human pigmentary disorders along with mouse and zebrafish models have shed light on the many cellular functions associated with visible pigment phenotypes. This has led to numerous genes annotated with the ontology term “pigmentation” in independent human, mouse, and zebrafish databases. Comparisons among these datasets revealed that each is individually incomplete in documenting all genes involved in integument‐based pigmentation phenotypes. Additionally, each database contained inherent species‐specific biases in data annotation, and the term “pigmentation” did not solely reflect integument pigmentation phenotypes. This review presents a comprehensive, cross‐species list of 650 genes involved in pigmentation phenotypes that was compiled with extensive manual curation of genes annotated in OMIM, MGI, ZFIN, and GO. The resulting cross‐species list of genes both intrinsic and extrinsic to integument pigment cells provides a valuable tool that can be used to expand our knowledge of complex, pigmentation‐associated pathways.
Long‐term off‐label dupilumab in pediatric atopic dermatitis: A case series
Authors: Treister Alison D. , Lio Peter A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesClinical trials of dupilumab have shown efficacy in treating moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in adult patients. While a phase 2 trial of dupilumab has shown efficacy and safety in children, the medication awaits Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, and off‐label use is limited by dosing currently available to adults. We present this case series to describe the efficacy and safety profile of off‐label dupilumab use in six pediatric patients treated by one provider in a private practice.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients under the age of 18 receiving dupilumab for AD. Two dosing regimens were used as follows: adult dose for patients ≥ 40 kg and half dose for those < 40 kg. We recorded the investigator's global assessment (IGA) and body surface area (BSA) prior to dupilumab initiation and following treatment. All patients were warned of potential side effects including injection site reaction, conjunctivitis, increased risk of infection, and lack of information about use in children.ResultsSix pediatric patients were identified with an average age of 10.8 years (range: 7‐15). All patients had a decrease in IGA of at least 2 points using biweekly 300 or 150 milligram (mg) doses for an average treatment duration of 8.5 months (range: 6‐11). Three patients (50%) had an IGA of 1 after treatment. No side effects were reported.ConclusionsDupilumab appears to be an effective treatment for AD in pediatric patients. Optimal dose and delivery have yet to be determined.
Spectral Properties of Fluorogenic Thiophene‐derived Triarylmethane Dyes
Authors: Stensrud Kenneth F. , Zanotti Kimberly J. , Waggoner Alan S. , Armitage Bruce A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSpectral properties and fluorogenic behaviors of five novel thiophene variants of malachite green (MG), termed MGTs, were determined. Appreciable changes as a function of homologation and substitution pattern, including absorption band positions and intensities and fluorescence quantum yields were observed. In particular, the shorter wavelength y‐band absorption was found to shift over a nearly 200 nm range based on aryl group variation, allowing fine‐tuning of the excitation wavelength for these dyes. In addition, the fluorescence intensity of some MGTs increased significantly (up to 4600‐fold) when the dye was bound to a cognate protein partner, which is potentially useful for cell imaging studies.