bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ignoring personal moral compass: factors shaping bankers’ decisions
Authors: Thiam Mouhamed El Bachire , Liu Jonathan , Aston John 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to increase our understanding of the challenges the banking industry continues to face from an ethics standpoint more than a decade after the credit crisis. Since 2007, there has been renewed interest in the way professional ethics is integrated within the banking culture. With a public that has become more sensitive towards ethical and corporate governance failures, the banking industry has been at the receiving end of strong ethical criticism. Yet, in spite of the regulatory response to the crisis, ethics is still a major issue in an industry where the corporate governance systems implemented by companies have failed to control employee behaviours, even in institutions branding themselves as ethical banks.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper studies factors inside and around institutions in the banking industry that impact the moral anomie in bankers’ professional environment. This paper applies an ordinary least square regression analysis, preceded by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, to test the hypothesised relations between anomie and the factors proposed.

Findings
The results show that long-term orientation, strategic aggressiveness and competitive intensity do have an influence on anomie. These results are compared to previous research applied in non-financial industries and prompt the strengthening of corporate governance systems in financial companies with aggressive corporate cultures.

Originality/value
The paper therefore introduces the factors that lead bankers to ignore the morals they gained from society and provide a better understanding of the reasons behind the deviant behaviours that caused the crisis a decade ago. It represents a crucial first step for future policymaking that fills an important gap in the financial regulation literature. Indeed, the lack of understanding of the factors dictating behaviours in the industry meant that regulatory changes in the past decade have mostly focussed on technical aspects of the problem (e.g. new capital structure requirements) and produced few answers to address the ethical challenges.
Whole systems approach
Authors: Thompson Juliana , McNall Anne , Tiplady Sue , Hodgson Phil , Proud Carole 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to ascertain primary care advanced clinical practitioners’ (ACP) perceptions and experiences of what factors influence the development and identity of ACP roles, and how development of ACP roles that align with Health Education England’s capability framework for advanced clinical practice can be facilitated in primary care.

Design/methodology/approach
The study was located in the North of England. A qualitative approach was used in which 22 staff working in primary care who perceived themselves to be working as ACPs were interviewed. Data analysis was guided by Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six phase method.

Findings
Five themes emerged from the data – the need for: a standardised role definition and inclusive localised registration; access to/availability of quality accredited educational programmes relevant to primary care and professional development opportunities at the appropriate level; access to/availability of support and supervision for ACPs and trainee ACPs; a supportive organisational infrastructure and culture; and a clear career pathway.

Originality/value
Findings have led to the generation of the Whole System Workforce Framework of INfluencing FACTors (IN FACT), which lays out the issues that need to be addressed if ACP capability is to be maximised in primary care. This paper offers suggestions about how IN FACT can be addressed.
Lower vs higher transfusion threshold in septic shock patients of different ages: A study protocol
Authors: Jonsson Andreas Bender , Granholm Anders , Rygård Sofie Louise , Holst Lars Broksø , Møller Morten Hylander , Perner Anders 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundCurrent evidence indicates that it is safe to use a lower haemoglobin (Hb) threshold for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion as compared to a higher Hb‐threshold. However, the recent Transfusion Requirements in Cardiac Surgery (TRICS‐3) trial reported a significant interaction between patient age and the effect of lower vs higher Hb‐thresholds for RBC transfusion. The interaction between patient age and transfusion strategy appears to differ between trials.MethodsThis is the protocol and statistical analysis plan for a post hoc analysis of the Transfusion Requirements in Septic Shock (TRISS) trial. We will assess the effect of a lower vs a higher Hb‐threshold for RBC transfusion in patients of different ages with septic shock. The primary and secondary outcomes are 1‐year mortality and 90‐day mortality respectively. We will assess age divided into six age groups and as a continuous variable and present baseline characteristics and odds ratios derived from both simple and adjusted (for the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, haematological malignancy, age and trial site) logistic regression models and P‐values for the test‐of‐interaction. Furthermore, we will compare outcomes according to Hb‐threshold in each age group using Kaplan‐Meier curves and log‐rank tests.DiscussionThe outlined study will make a detailed assessment of potential interaction of patient age with transfusion strategy in patients with septic shock. This may inform future trials on the benefits and harms of RBC transfusion.
(Pro)renin receptor accelerates development of sarcopenia via activation of Wnt/YAP signaling axis
Authors: Yoshida Naohiro , Endo Jin , Kinouchi Kenichiro , Kitakata Hiroki , Moriyama Hidenori , Kataoka Masaharu , Yamamoto Tsunehisa , Shirakawa Kohsuke , Morimoto Satoshi , Nishiyama Akira , Hashiguchi Akihiro , Higuchi Itsuro , Fukuda Keiichi , Ichihara Atsuhiro , Sano Motoaki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo extend life expectancy and ensure healthy aging, it is crucial to prevent and minimize age‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy, also known as sarcopenia. However, the disease's molecular mechanism remains unclear. The age‐related Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway has been recently shown to be activated by the (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR). We report here that (P)RR expression was increased in the atrophied skeletal muscles of aged mice and humans. Therefore, we developed a gain‐of‐function model of age‐related sarcopenia via transgenic expression of (P)RR under control of the CAG promoter. Consistent with our hypothesis, (P)RR‐Tg mice died early and exhibited muscle atrophy with histological features of sarcopenia. Moreover, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling was activated and the regenerative capacity of muscle progenitor cells after cardiotoxin injury was impaired due to cell fusion failure in (P)RR‐Tg mice. In vitro forced expression of (P)RR protein in C2C12 myoblast cells suppressed myotube formation by activating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Administration of Dickkopf‐related protein 1, an inhibitor of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, and anti‐(P)RR neutralizing antibody, which inhibits binding of (P)RR to the Wnt receptor, significantly improved sarcopenia in (P)RR‐Tg mice. Furthermore, the use of anti‐(P)RR neutralizing antibodies significantly improved the regenerative ability of skeletal muscle in aged mice. Finally, we show that Yes‐associated protein (YAP) signaling, which is coordinately regulated by Wnt/β‐catenin, contributed to the development of (P)RR‐induced sarcopenia. The present study demonstrates the use of (P)RR‐Tg mice as a novel sarcopenia model, and shows that (P)RR‐Wnt‐YAP signaling plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Significant differences between specular microscopy and corneal bank endothelial cell counts – a pilot study
Authors: Rickmann Annekatrin , Boden Katrin E. , Wahl Silke , Jung Sascha , Boden Karl T. , Szurman Peter , Januschowski Kai 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt was shown recently that endothelial cell count performed by cornea banks overestimates the real number of endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the internal quality of preclinical ECD in human donor corneas using two widely used methods for endothelial cell counting, transmitted light microscopy used in organ culture tissue bank and clinically used specular microscopy.MethodsTwenty human donor corneas that could not be transplanted were included in this analysis. Differences in evaluating endothelial cell density (ECD) and hexagonal endothelial cell ratio (HEX) between clinical specular microscopy (CSM) and corneal bank transmitted light microscope (CBLM) were evaluated as well as differences between automated and manual cell counts.ResultsAutomated CBLM showed a higher ECD of 31.85% compared to automated CSM, while manual CBLM counting is 10.51% higher compared to manual CSM (p < 0.01). Further, higher average ECD values result in a higher difference between CSM and CBLM measurements. The manual CBLM ECDs were significantly higher compared to automated derived ECD from CSM (p < 0.01). However, no systematic bias can be detected when comparing the differences of the measurements with the average ECD measurements of both methods.ConclusionThis preclinical pilot study confirmed a significant higher ECD using transmitted light microscopy in organ culture compared to clinical specular microscopy. This indicates that the early rapid decrease of EC universally observed after surgery might be partly artefactual.
Effectiveness of laparoscopic ultrasonography in laparoscopic myomectomy
Authors: Shigeta Mamoru , Kotani Yasushi , Fujishima Risa , Yo Yoshie , Murakami Kosuke , Takaya Hisamitsu , Nakai Hidekatsu , Suzuki Ayako , Tsuji Isao , Matsumura Noriomi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic myomectomy (LM) has become increasingly common in recent years because it minimizes invasiveness. However, myoma can recur after myomectomy. Therefore, we began using laparoscopic ultrasonography, which involves inserting a probe into the peritoneal cavity via a trocar and placing it in direct contact with the uterus. During surgery, this enables the detection of myomas as a small as 1 mm in diameter, which are often undetectable on MRI. Here, we report the effectiveness of laparoscopic ultrasonography.MethodsThe subjects were 26 women who underwent LM at our institution from February 2015 to December 2016. Preoperative MRI was performed, and all myomas detected on MRI were removed during LM. Laparoscopic ultrasonography was then performed to assess for residual myomas, which were removed.ResultsIn six patients (23%), residual myomas were identified on laparoscopic ultrasonography after the first enucleation of the myomas detected on preoperative MRI. All detected residual myomas, the largest of which was less than 10 mm in diameter, were removed.ConclusionSmall myomas undetectable on preoperative MRI were detected on laparoscopic ultrasonography and removed.
Constructing 3D CSG Models from 3D Raw Point Clouds
Authors: Wu Q. , Xu K. , Wang J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) tree, encoding the generative process of an object by a recursive compositional structure of bounded primitives, constitutes an important structural representation of 3D objects. Therefore, automatically recovering such a compositional structure from the raw point cloud of an object represents a high‐level reverse engineering problem, finding applications from structure and functionality analysis to creative redesign. We propose an effective method to construct CSG models and trees directly over raw point clouds. Specifically, a large number of hypothetical bounded primitive candidates are first extracted from raw scans, followed by a carefully designed pruning strategy. We then choose to approximate the target CSG model by the combination of a subset of these candidates with corresponding Boolean operations using a binary optimization technique, from which the corresponding CSG tree can be derived. Our method attempts to consider the minimal description length concept in the point cloud analysis setting, where the objective function is designed to minimize the construction error and complexity simultaneously. We demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our method with extensive experiments on real scan data with various complexities and styles.
Exposure to recurrent hypoglycemia alters hippocampal metabolism in treated streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Dewan Neelesh , Shukla Vibha , Rehni Ashish K. , Koronowski Kevin B. , Klingbeil Kyle D. , Stradecki‐Cohan Holly , Garrett Timothy J. , Rundek Tatjana , Perez‐Pinzon Miguel A. , Dave Kunjan R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsExposure to recurrent hypoglycemia (RH) is common in diabetic patients receiving glucose‐lowering therapies and is implicated in causing cognitive impairments. Despite the significant effect of RH on hippocampal function, the underlying mechanisms are currently unknown. Our goal was to determine the effect of RH exposure on hippocampal metabolism in treated streptozotocin‐diabetic rats.MethodsHyperglycemia was corrected by insulin pellet implantation. Insulin‐treated diabetic (ITD) rats were exposed to mild/moderate RH once a day for 5 consecutive days.ResultsThe effect of RH on hippocampal metabolism revealed 65 significantly altered metabolites in the RH group compared with controls. Several significant differences in metabolite levels belonging to major pathways (eg, Krebs cycle, gluconeogenesis, and amino acid metabolism) were discovered in RH‐exposed ITD rats when compared to a control group. Key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase were affected by RH exposure.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that the exposure to RH leads to metabolomics alterations in the hippocampus of insulin‐treated streptozotocin‐diabetic rats. Understanding how RH affects hippocampal metabolism may help attenuate the adverse effects of RH on hippocampal functions.
A review and verification of analytical weight function methods in fracture mechanics
Authors: Wu Xue‐Ren 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe weight function method is a powerful method for the determination of key parameters of stress intensity factors and crack opening displacements that are fundamental for crack analyses in fracture mechanics. The method has a remarkable computational efficiency without compromising solution accuracy and is especially suited for cracks in real‐world components with complex stress gradients. A critical issue for successful development and reliable application of the weight function method is how to achieve verifiable and high solution accuracy. This paper provides several reflections on the current state of the art in weight function methods, including a brief historical perspective and description of several analytical and numerical weight methods, with main focus on the two‐dimensional (2D) analytical approaches. A variety of typical application examples are presented. A platform for point‐by‐point accuracy assessment by using the Green's functions is established on a completely independent numerical approach with validated accuracy. Rigorous and systematic verification of the accuracy levels of different 2D analytical weight function approaches are conducted using several benchmark crack geometries. The sources of inaccuracy of different analytical weight function methods are analysed. A brief account on weight function methods for analysing three‐dimensional (3D) crack problems with arbitrary univariant and bivariant stress distributions is provided.
Once‐daily rabeprazole, levofloxacin, clarithromycin‐MR, and bismuth for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A randomized study of 7 or 14 days (ONCE study)
Authors: Auttajaroon Jeerayuth , Vilaichone Ratha‐korn , Chotivitayatarakorn Peranart , Mahachai Varocha 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveMost therapies for Helicobacter pylori eradication utilize multiple drugs given 2‐4 times daily. Patient adherence has been an impediment to reliably achieving high success. This study evaluated a once‐daily dosing H pylori eradication regimen.MethodsA prospective randomized pilot study of H pylori eradication compared once‐daily treatment regimen containing levofloxacin (750 mg), clarithromycin‐MR (1 g), rabeprazole (60 mg), and bismuth subsalicylate (1,048 mg) for a 7 or 14 days. CYP2C19 genotype and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed. Successful eradication was defined as negative 13C‐urea breath test at least 4 weeks after completion of treatment.Results100 subjects were randomized (40 men, 60 women with mean age =54 years). The eradication rates were as follows: 94% (47/50; 95%CI 0.87‐1.01) and 84% (42/50; 95%CI 0.73‐0.95) with 14‐day and 7‐day therapy (OR 0.34; 95%CI 0.08‐1.35, P = 0.06), respectively. Resistance rates were as follows: 13.0% for clarithromycin, 26.0% for fluoroquinolone, 2.9% for dual clarithromycin‐fluoroquinolone resistance, and 62.8% for metronidazole. The 14‐day regimen provided 100% eradication in patients with levofloxacin susceptible strain irrespective of the presence of clarithromycin resistance. CYP2C19 genotypes had no effect on cure rates.ConclusionsThe once‐daily 14‐day rabeprazole‐, levofloxacin‐, clarithromycin‐MR‐, and bismuth‐containing therapy provided high eradication rate suggested that triple therapies with a PPI, bismuth, and clarithromycin‐MR or levofloxacin would be highly effective for once‐a‐day tailored therapy or as empiric therapy for first‐line regimen.
Role stressors and counterproductive work behavior: The role of negative affect and proactive personality
Authors: Zhang Yue , Crant J. Michael , Weng Qingxiong (Derek) 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBased on the stressor‐emotion model, we propose that negative affect mediates the relationship between three role stressors (i.e., role ambiguity, role conflict, and role overload) and counterproductive work behavior (CWB), while proactive personality moderates the relationships between negative affect, role stressors, and CWB. We tested our hypotheses using data from 332 employees in Mainland China. We found that negative affect mediated the relationships between the three dimensions of role stressors and CWB. Role ambiguity was most strongly associated with CWB, followed by role conflict and then role overload. Proactive personality moderated the role ambiguity‐negative affect, role conflict‐negative affect, and negative affect‐CWB relationships, but not the relationship between role overload and negative affect.
Particle therapy for prostate cancer: The past, present and future
Authors: Ishikawa Hitoshi , Tsuji Hiroshi , Murayama Shigeyuki , Sugimoto Mikio , Shinohara Nobuo , Maruyama Satoru , Murakami Motohiro , Shirato Hiroki , Sakurai Hideyuki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough prostate cancer control using radiotherapy is dose‐dependent, dose–volume effects on late toxicities in organs at risk, such as the rectum and bladder, have been observed. Both protons and carbon ions offer advantageous physical properties for radiotherapy, and create favorable dose distributions using fewer portals compared with photon‐based radiotherapy. Thus, particle beam therapy using protons and carbon ions theoretically seems suitable for dose escalation and reduced risk of toxicity. However, it is difficult to evaluate the superiority of particle beam radiotherapy over photon beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer, as no clinical trials have directly compared the outcomes between the two types of therapy due to the limited number of facilities using particle beam therapy. The Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology organized a joint effort among research groups to establish standardized treatment policies and indications for particle beam therapy according to disease, and multicenter prospective studies have been planned for several common cancers. Clinical trials of proton beam therapy for intermediate‐risk prostate cancer and carbon‐ion therapy for high‐risk prostate cancer have already begun. As particle beam therapy for prostate cancer is covered by the Japanese national health insurance system as of April 2018, and the number of facilities practicing particle beam therapy has increased recently, the number of prostate cancer patients treated with particle beam therapy in Japan is expected to increase drastically. Here, we review the results from studies of particle beam therapy for prostate cancer and discuss future developments in this field.
Profiling of how nociceptor neurons detect danger – new and old foes
Authors: Crosson T. , Roversi K. , Balood M. , Othman R. , Ahmadi M. , Wang J.‐C. , Seadi Pereira P. J. , Tabatabaei M. , Couture R. , Eichwald T. , Latini A. , Prediger R.D. , Rangachari M. , Seehus C. R. , Foster S. L. , Talbot S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe host evolves redundant mechanisms to preserve physiological processing and homeostasis. These functions range from sensing internal and external threats, creating a memory of the insult and generating reflexes, which aim to resolve inflammation. Impairment in such functioning leads to chronic inflammatory diseases. By interacting through a common language of ligands and receptors, the immune and sensory nervous systems work in concert to accomplish such protective functions. Whilst this bidirectional communication helps to protect from danger, it can contribute to disease pathophysiology. Thus, the somatosensory nervous system is anatomically positioned within primary and secondary lymphoid tissues and mucosa to modulate immunity directly. Upstream of this interplay, neurons detect danger, which prompts the release of neuropeptides initiating (i) defensive reflexes (ranging from withdrawal response to coughing) and (ii) chemotaxis, adhesion and local infiltration of immune cells. The resulting outcome of such neuro‐immune interplay is still ill‐defined, but consensual findings start to emerge and support neuropeptides not only as blockers of TH1‐mediated immunity but also as drivers of TH2 immune responses. However, the modalities detected by nociceptors revealed broader than mechanical pressure and temperature sensing and include signals as various as cytokines and pathogens to immunoglobulins and even microRNAs. Along these lines, we aggregated various dorsal root ganglion sensory neuron expression profiling datasets supporting such wide‐ranging sensing capabilities to help identifying new danger detection modalities of these cells. Thus, revealing unexpected aspects of nociceptor neuron biology might prompt the identification of novel drivers of immunity, means to resolve inflammation and strategies to safeguard homeostasis.