bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The synergistic effect of lignin peroxidase and cellulase in Aspergillus oryzae solid‐state fermentation substrate on enzyme‐catalyzed oxidative degradation of lignin
Authors: Zhang Zhicai , Wang Jia , Fan Yajuan , Liu Lu , Shun Quanshan , Shi Wenjing , Liu Xiaocui , Wang Feng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe have reported the oxidative degradation of lignin catalyzed by lignin peroxidase (LiP) from Aspergillus oxyzae broth in previous studies. The aim of the present paper is to obtain the maximal yield of total reducing sugar (Ytrs) by synergistic effect analysis between LiP and three components of cellulase (endo‐β‐1,4‐glucanase, exo‐β‐1,4‐glucanase and β‐glucosidase).RESULTSThe Michaelis–Menten analogous model was applied to fit experimental data of lignin oxidative degradation. The apparent Michaelis constant of purified LiP product (3.02 mg mL–1) was lower than that of the crude LiP solution (4.74 mg mL−1), and the apparent maximum reaction rate of the purified LiP product (1.15 mg mL−1 h−1) was higher than that of the crude LiP solution (0.86 mg mL−1 h−1). The maximum Ytrs (49.794%) was obtained when the β‐glucosidase activity was 0; the activities of LiP, endo‐β‐1,4‐glucanase and exo‐β‐1,4‐glucanase were 10.77, 3.360 and 3.427 U mL−1 (3:1:1), respectively. The components and structure of the substrate was extremely different before and after synergistic action under optimal conditions.CONCLUSIONA synergistic effect exists between LiP and cellulase. β‐glucosidase is the key enzyme that inhibits the oxidative degradation of lignin. The results lay the foundation for screening and optimizing fermentation process conditions of the LiP strain, and improving the efficiency of enzyme‐catalyzed oxidative degradation of lignin. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Efﬁcacy and safety of sofosbuvir‐based therapy in hepatitis C virus recurrence post living donor liver transplant: A real life egyptian experience
Authors: Yosry Ayman , Gamal Eldeen Hadeel , Medhat Eman , Mehrez Mai , Zayed Naglaa , Elakel Wafaa , Abdelmoniem Reham , Kaddah Mona , Abdelaziz Ashraf , Esmat Gamal , EL‐Serafy Magdy , Doss Wahid 
Published: December 2018

Background and AimDirect acting antiviral has offered treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence post liver transplantation (LT) with an all‐oral regimen for short duration, excellent safety profile, and high sustained virological response (SVR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir (SOF)‐based regimens in the real world among a cohort of Egyptian patients with recurrent HCV post living donor LT (LDLT).MethodsPatients with HCV‐G4 recurrence post‐LDLT were recruited from National Committee of Control of Viral Hepatitis, Egypt, from November 2014 to May 2017. They received different SOF‐based regimens according to the treatment protocols available during this period. Patients’ outcome and Adverse effects (AE) were evaluated.ResultsOne hundred ninety patients (170 males, mean age 56.8 ± 7.9 years) were included. Calcineurin inhibitors were the main immunosuppression used (173 patients). Out of 190, 119 (62.6%) received SOF/ribavirin (RBV), 38 (20%) SOF/simeprevir (SMV), 22 (11.6%) SOF/daclatasvir (DSV)/ ± RBV, and 11 (5.8%) received SOF/LDV/ ± RBV. Overall SVR12 was 89.5%, 84.9% in SOF/RBV group, 94.7% in SOF/SMV, 100% in SOF/DCV, and 100% in SOF/LDV with no statistically significant difference (
P = 0.104). The AE reported were as follows: anemia (n = 65, 34.4%) mainly in SOF/RBV group, transient hyperbilirubinemia during SOF/SMV in 13 patients (34%), mild Acute cellular rejection in eight patients (4.2%), and hepatocellular carcinoma in two patients (1%) mainly driven by underlying liver condition. Two deaths were unlikely related to HCV therapy.ConclusionDifferent SOF‐based regimens were effective with high SVR12 rates in a difficult‐to‐treat population, recurrent HCV post LDLT.
Late Quaternary glaciations in the Cogarbu valley, Bhutanese Himalaya
Authors: Peng Xu , Chen Yixin , Liu Gengnian , Liu Beibei , Li Yingkui , Liu Qing , Han Yesong , Yang Weilin , Cui Zhijiu 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the late Quaternary glacial history of the Cogarbu valley on the northern slopes of the Bhutanese Himalaya using 10Be surface exposure dating. Five major glacial events were constrained based on 28 10Be exposure ages. The equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of the oldest and most extensive glacial event (M5–M9) is ∼489 m lower than the present, followed by four other events (M4, M3, M2 and M1) with ELA depressions of ∼452, ∼200, ∼76 and ∼42 m, respectively. The exposure ages of the oldest glacial event (M5–M9) are ∼23.4–19.1 ka, corresponding to the global Last Glacial Maximum (gLGM). The second (M4, ∼15.8 ka) and the third oldest events (M3, ∼11.5 ka) coincide with the Heinrich‐1 and Younger Dryas event, respectively. The fourth oldest glacial event (∼1.2–0.82 ka) occurred during the Late Holocene. The latest glacial event (∼0.77–0.53 ka) represents the Little Ice Age glacial advances. These glacial events are broadly synchronous with those from other regions across the monsoon‐influenced Himalaya. All these events occurred during the cold periods, despite relatively dry conditions. It appears that temperature is the major factor driving glacial fluctuations since the gLGM in the Bhutanese Himalaya.
Synthesis, structural and optical‐vibration properties of Ba3Sc4O9 and Sr3Sc4O9 ceramics
Authors: Dias Anderson , Moreira Roberto Luiz 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBa3Sc4O9 and Sr3Sc4O9 ceramics were synthesized by conventional solid‐state reactions at 1200°C, being further sintered at 1300°C in order to produce ceramic bodies suitable for exploring their structural and optical vibration properties. Optimized experimental conditions were employed to unveil the complex vibrational spectra of these ceramics by polarized Raman scattering. A reliable and comprehensive set of phonon features was obtained from these experiments: The 30 theoretically expected optically active lattice modes for each material were in fact observed, from which 15 could be assigned as totally symmetric A‐polar modes and 15 attributed as degenerate (and asymmetric) E‐polar ones. Differences between experimental data of Ba‐containing and Sr‐containing samples are discussed in terms of their ionic radii and molar masses. The knowledge of the optical phonon features reported here can help to understand the exceptional luminescence properties of Ba3Sc4O9 and Sr3Sc4O9 rhombohedral phases when doped with trivalent ions, as recently reported by the literature.
Raman spectroscopy analysis of new copper‐cysteamine photosensitizer
Authors: Akafzade Hussein , Sharma Suresh C. , Hozhabri Nader , Chen Wei , Ma Lun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRaman spectroscopy and several microstructure analysis techniques have been used to better characterize recently synthesized copper‐cysteamine Cu3Cl(SR)2, where R = CH2CH2NH2. Nanoparticles of this new copper‐cysteamine have been identified as having potential applications in radiation detection and cancer treatment because of the fact that they can be activated by light, X‐rays, ultrasound, and microwave radiation to produce reactive oxygen species. Three samples were grown under different conditions, and their microstructure was examined by using Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray scattering, and X‐ray diffraction. The Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared measurements identify numerous Raman active and infrared absorption bonds with wavenumbers ranging from 200 to 3,500 cm−1. Scanning electron microscopy scans show well‐faceted crystals varying in size from approximately 10 nm to 4 μm, energy dispersive X‐ray scattering measurements identify relative elemental composition (C = 48%, N = 37.5%, S = 5%, Cl = 2.6%, Cu = 7%), X‐ray diffraction data show the crystal plane spacing varies from 0.8454 to 0.8616 nm. The microstructure observed for the three samples is consistent with variations in the growth conditions.
Methods for reproducible shipboard SFA nutrient measurement using RMNS and automated data processing
Authors: Rees Christine , Pender Lindsay , Sherrin Kendall , Schwanger Cassie , Hughes Peter , Tibben Stephen , Marouchos Andreas , Rayner Mark 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOcean observations are critical in developing our understanding of the interaction between the ocean and climate. Detailed information about the nutrient composition of the ocean is achieved using in situ sensing and the collection and analysis of physical samples from research vessels. The analysis of nutrients underpins work in understanding both the carbon cycle and biological productivity in oceans. Although in situ sensors are becoming more common for some nutrients, the best and most reliable method for making these measurements is to conduct analysis of physical samples at sea. This article discusses the analysis and data processing methods developed by the hydrochemistry team at Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) to provide repeatable and accurate analysis of nutrient samples at sea. Nutrients are measured by segmented flow analysis and data are processed using in‐house software (Hydrology Processor [HyPro]). These methods were used during the Global Ocean Ship‐based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO‐SHIP) P15S voyage in 2016. Accuracy and precision of the analyses during the voyage was determined from measurement of the certified reference material for nutrients in seawater (RMNS) for silicate, phosphate, nitrate, and nitrite and is presented and discussed here. The accuracy of the silicate and phosphate RMNS measurements was within 1–3% of the certified values, and nitrate + nitrite within 1–2%. The precision for silicate, nitrate + nitrite, and phosphate was greater than 0.2%. The hydrochemistry team has established a standard operating procedure which assures the quality of nutrient data obtained is accurate and precise.
Material Design of Azo‐Carbazole Copolymers for Preservation Stability with Rewritable Holographic Stereograms
Authors: Kinashi Kenji , Nakanishi Ikumi , Sakai Wataru , Tsutsumi Naoto 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn the practical use of rewritable holographic stereograms, azobenzene‐functionalized polymers with high diffraction efficiency, fast response time, preservation stability, rewritability, and optical transparency capabilities are of extreme importance. Two novel azobenzene‐functionalized copolymers consisting of a 3‐[(4‐cyanophenyl)azo]‐9H‐carbazole‐9‐ethyl acrylate (acrylate monomer with CACzE) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) (poly(CACzE‐MMA)) and an ethyl methacrylate, EMA (poly(CACzE‐EMA)) are synthesized. Their holographic properties are evaluated through Raman–Nath diffraction characteristics, angular dependence of absorbance, and polarized Raman spectra. Between them, a material with the most excellent characteristics is a poly(CACzE‐MMA)/CACzE (50/15 wt%) composite. As a result, a first‐order diffraction efficiency (η1
), grating formation speed (response time) (τ ), and retention ratios (R300s% and R50day%) in the poly(CACzE‐MMA)/CACzE (50/15 wt%) composite show 31.2%, 2.0 s, 100%, and 80%, respectively, in which a dichroism degree of 64.2° and refractive index modulation Δn of 0.00801 are achieved. Additionally, the holographic stereogram obtained with the poly(CACzE‐MMA)/CACzE (50/15 wt%) composite can be refreshed to its original state by heat treatment. The holographic properties of the poly(CACzE‐MMA)/CACzE (50/15 wt%) composite will be a contribution to the application of updatable holographic stereograms.
Some maximal inequalities on Triebel–Lizorkin spaces for
Authors: Park Bae Jun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this work we give some maximal inequalities in Triebel–Lizorkin spaces, which are “‐variants” of Fefferman–Stein vector‐valued maximal inequality and Peetre's maximal inequality. We will give some applications of the new maximal inequalities and discuss sharpness of some results.
Measurement and correction of the bulk magnetic susceptibility effects of fat: application in venous oxygen saturation imaging
Authors: Yang Esther , Kirkham Amy A. , Grenier Justin , Thompson Richard B. 
Published: December 2018

PurposeTo develop a correction method for the effects of the magnetic susceptibility of fat (χFat) on the calculation of venous oxygen saturation (SvO2).TheoryThe magnetic field shifts associated with the magnetic susceptibility of deoxyhemoglobin can be used to estimate SvO2, a measure of oxygen extraction and metabolism. However, the distinct magnetic susceptibility of fat surrounding targeted veins will give rise to magnetic field perturbations that will extend into the vein and surrounding tissues, potentially confounding the calculation of SvO2.MethodsMulti‐echo modified Dixon fat–water separated imaging was used to quantify fat–water distributions around the superficial femoral vein (venous return from the lower leg). Fat fraction images were used to generate χFat images, to calculate and remove the associated fat‐susceptibility‐induced magnetic field shifts before the estimation of SvO2. This approach was evaluated at rest and with plantar flexion exercise to evaluate calf muscle oxygen extraction in 10 healthy subjects.ResultsThe presence of fat around the vein resulted in complex magnetic field shifts and errors in estimated SvO2. Corrected resting SvO2 values were significantly larger than those measured with conventional methods, at rest (72.6 ± 11.0% vs. 65.2 ± 12.2%, P < 0.05) and post‐exercise (37.4 ± 12.3% vs. 31.7 ± 12.7%, P < 0.05), with larger errors in individuals and/or regions with increased fat volumes. Estimation and removal of the field‐effects from χFat enabled the use of fat tissues for the measurement and removal of the background magnetic field.ConclusionsThe magnetic susceptibility effects of fat can confound SvO2 estimation, but the susceptibility field effects can estimated and removed with the use of modified Dixon fat–water separated imaging.
Clinical features related to statin‐associated muscle symptoms
Authors: Ochs‐Balcom Heather M. , Nguyen Ly Minh , Ma Changxing , Isackson Paul J. , Luzum Jasmine A. , Kitzmiller Joseph P. , Tarnopolsky Mark , Weisman Michael , Christopher‐Stine Lisa , Peltier Wendy , Wortmann Robert L. , Vladutiu Georgirene D. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Statins reduce cardiovascular disease risk and are generally well tolerated, yet up to 0.5% of statin‐treated patients develop incapacitating muscle symptoms including rhabdomyolysis. Our objective was to identify clinical factors related to statin‐associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). Methods: Clinical and laboratory characteristics were evaluated in 748 statin‐treated Caucasians (634 with SAMS and 114 statin‐tolerant controls). Information was collected on statin type, concomitant drug therapies, muscle symptom history, comorbidities, and family history. Logistic regression was used to identify associations. Results: Individuals with SAMS were 3.6 times (odds ratio [OR] 3.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.08‐6.22) more likely than statin‐tolerant controls to have a family history of heart disease. Additional associations included obesity (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.18, 8.05), hypertension (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.33, 3.77), smoking (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.16, 3.74), and statin type. Discussion: Careful medical monitoring of statin‐treated patients with the associated coexisting conditions may ultimately reduce muscle symptoms and lead to improved compliance. Muscle Nerve 59:537–537, 2019
Validation of diagnostic methods for traumatic sensory neuropathy and neuropathic pain
Authors: Teerijoki‐Oksa Tuija , Forssell Heli , Jääskeläinen Satu K. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We evaluated diagnostic value of sensory tests during recovery from iatrogenic sensory neuropathy using intraoperatively verified nerve injury with subjective symptoms as gold standard. Methods: Inferior alveolar nerves were monitored neurophysiologically throughout mandibular osteotomy in 19 patients. Sensory disturbance was registered and sensation tested using clinical and quantitative sensory (QST) and neurophysiologic tests postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated for all tests. Results: The sensitivity of clinical tests was at best 37%, with 100% specificity, but they lost diagnostic value at chronic stages. Best diagnostic accuracy (highest combination of sensitivity and specificity) at different time points was achieved by combining neurophysiologic and thermal QST or tactile and thermal QST. The single most accurate test was sensory neurography. Conclusions: Neurography or combinations of neurophysiologic and quantitative tests enables most reliable early and late diagnosis. Clinical sensory examination is inadequate for accurate diagnosis. Muscle Nerve 59:342–347, 2019
The content of meta‐supervision in a nursing educational context
Authors: Kisthinios Marianne , Carlson Elisabeth 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this article was to illuminate the content of meta‐supervision of clinical supervisors active in a nursing programme delivering clinical supervision to nursing students in southern Sweden. The purpose of clinical supervision is to strengthen and develop the professional role through increased self‐awareness.DesignA qualitative, descriptive study was conducted analysing the documentation of 117 meta‐supervisory situations.MethodsOver 100 handwritten documented sessions, during 10 years of meta‐supervision, were analysed using content analysis.ResultsThe content of meta‐supervision consisted of three theoretical aspects: psychological aspects, pedagogical aspects and nursing aspects. To employ competent meta‐supervisors, the meta‐supervisor should have documented in‐depth knowledge of psychology, pedagogy and a good knowledge of the nursing context.
CB1 cannabinoid receptor‐phosphorylated fourth intracellular loop structure‐function relationships
Authors: Eldeeb Khalil , Ganjiwale Anjali D. , Chandrashekaran Indu R. , Padgett Lea W. , Burgess Jason P. , Howlett Allyn C. , Cowsik Sudha M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA peptide comprising the juxtamembrane C‐terminal intracellular loop 4 (IL4) of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor possesses three serine residues (Ser402, Ser411, and Ser415). We report the effect of Ser phosphorylation on the CB1 IL4 peptide conformation and cellular signaling functions using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), G protein activation, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production. Phosphorylation at Ser residues induced helical structure in different environments. Helical content varies in the order of IL4p‐Ser411 > IL4pSer415 > IL4 > IL4pSer402. The efficacy of phosphorylated IL4 peptides in activating Go and Gi3 ([35S]GTPγS binding) and inhibiting cAMP accumulation in N18TG2 cells was correlated with helicity changes. Bradykinin treatment, which activates protein kinase C (PKC), augmented CB1‐mediated inhibition of cAMP accumulation, and this was reversed by a PKC inhibitor. We conclude that phosphorylation‐dependent alterations of helicity of CB1 IL4 peptides can augment G protein signaling.
Cardiopulmonary phenotypic discordance is common in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Jin Justin B. , Carter John C. , Sheehan Daniel W. , Birnkrant David J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of discordant cardiopulmonary function among patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in our clinic.MethodsRetrospective chart review from 1999 to 2017. Inclusion criteria: DMD patients age ≥ 18 years, alive, with discordant cardiopulmonary function. No patients received glucocorticoid therapy. Discordant cardiopulmonary function was defined as either: good heart function (EF ≥ 40%) and bad lung function (FVC < 1 L) (Group A); or, bad heart function (EF < 40%) and good lung function (FVC ≥ 1 L) (Group B).ResultsAmong 74 eligible patients, 25 patients (34%) had discordant cardiopulmonary function (21 patients in Group A and 4 patients in Group B). Three dystrophin mutations were shared by >2 patients (nine patients with deletion of exon 44; three patients with deletion of exon 51; three patients with duplication of exon 2). Among the 15 patients with a shared genotype, eight patients (53%) had discordant cardiopulmonary function (five patients in group A, three patients in group B). Twenty‐six patients had a deletion involving or distal to exon 45. Ten of these patients (38%) had discordant cardiopulmonary function (eight patients in Group A, two patients in Group B).ConclusionIn our cohort of DMD patients, discordant cardiopulmonary function was common (present in one‐third of our patients), and the dystrophin genotype did not reliably predict a patient's cardiopulmonary phenotype. If confirmed by larger, multi‐center studies, our findings have significant implications for predicting patient prognosis, evaluating DMD therapies, and designing new DMD therapies.
Interplay between the electrostatic membrane potential and conformational changes in membrane proteins
Authors: Zhang Xuejun C. , Li Hang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTransmembrane electrostatic membrane potential is a major energy source of the cell. Importantly, it determines the structure as well as function of charge‐carrying membrane proteins. Here, we discuss the relationship between membrane potential and membrane proteins, in particular whether the conformation of these proteins is integrally connected to the membrane potential. Together, these concepts provide a framework for rationalizing the types of conformational changes that have been observed in membrane proteins and for better understanding the electrostatic effects of the membrane potential on both reversible as well as unidirectional dynamic processes of membrane proteins.
68Ga‐PSMA‐11 PET‐CT study in prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence and non‐contributive 18F‐Choline PET‐CT: Impact on therapeutic decision‐making and biomarker changes
Authors: Barbaud Matthieu , Frindel Mathieu , Ferrer Ludovic , Le Thiec Maelle , Rusu Daniela , Rauscher Aurore , Maucherat Bruno , Baumgartner Pierre , Fleury Vincent , Colombié Mathilde , Thierry‐Morel Agnes , Kraeber‐Bodéré Françoise , Campion Loïc , Rousseau Caroline 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundIn this retrospective study, we investigated the impact of 68Ga‐PSMA‐11 PET‐CT (PSMA PET‐CT) upon the treatment plan and therapeutic response obtained for Prostate Cancer (PCa) patients presenting an occult biochemical recurrence.MethodsForty‐two patients with previously negative or doubtful 18F‐Choline (FCH) were enrolled. PET images were recorded 1 h after injection of tracer. Only a few months after treatment ended, a PSA assay was requested to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment based on PSMA results.ResultsPSMA—positive lesions were detected in 34/42 (80.9%) patients. Detection rates were 85.7% and 89.3% for serum PSA levels lower than 2 ng/mL, and >2 ng/mL, respectively. One hundred seventy‐three lesions were detected: 132/173 in lymph nodes (76.3%), 22/173 as metastatic sites (bone or lung) (12.7%), and 19/173 in the prostate bed (10.9%). As a result of the PSMA PET‐CT, therapeutic management changed in 31/42 patients (73.8%). With a follow‐up of 4.9 ± 2.27 months, 32/42 (76.2%) PSA assays after treatment guided by PSMA PET‐CT were collected. For 37.5% (12/32) of patients, the serum PSA level was lower than 0.2 ng/mL and a PSA decrease of over 50% in 8 (25.0%) other patients were obtained.ConclusionPerforming a PSMA PET‐CT when FCH PET‐CT was doubtful or negative allows the recurrence localization in more 80% of patients and this had a major clinical impact, as it resulted in treatment change in more than 70% of patients as well as a significant decrease in PSA levels in more than 60% of them.