bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Paracetamol, Propyphenazone and Caffeine By Using Absorption Ratio Method
Authors: Pulungan Ainil Fithri , DLP. Effendy , MS. Siti 
Published: November 2018

The Absorption Ratio method involves measuring the absorbance at two wavelengths, namely the iso-absorptive point and the maximum wavelength. Its method could be an option in determining the level of a drug. The aim of this study was to determine whether the absorption ratio method can be used to determine the levels of paracetamol (PCT), propyphenazone (PRO) and caffeine (CAF) in tablet form. The absorption ratio method was used to determine the levels of the mixed drug compound without the separation stage and using the maximum wavelength and iso-absorptif point. The result of the study showed that the absorption ratio method used to solve multicomponent problems in tablet form can be performed and satisfy the validation requirements of the method according to international Conference on Harmonization Q2 (R1) (ICH) guidelines. The absorption ratio method was a simple and accurate to be used determine PCT, PRO, CAF in tablet form.
Keywords : Paracetamol, propyphenazone, caffeine, absorption ratio
RECENT INSIGHTS ON PROSPECTS OF CANCER NANOTECHNOLOGY
Authors: Sharma Hemant K. , Kumar Manish 
Published: November 2018

Cancer is an extremely multifaceted illness to appreciate, since it entails manifold cellular physiological system. The mainly general cancer treatment is limited to chemotherapy, radiation and surgery. Furthermore, the untimely credit and action of cancer relics a technological block. There is an urgent require to expand novel and originaltechnology thatcould help to define tumor margins, recognize residual tumor cells and micro metastases, and decide whether a tumor has been totally removed or not. Nanotechnology has witnessed significant progress in the past few decades, and its effect is widespread nowadays in every field. Nanoparticles can be modified in numerous ways to prolong circulation, enhance drug localization, increase drug efficacy, and potentially decrease chances of multidrug resis­tance by the use of nanotechnology. Recently, research in the field of cancer nanotechnology has made remarkable advances. In present study review summarizes the application of various nanotechnology-based approaches towards the diagnostics and therapeutics of cancer.
Key-Words:Cancer Nanotechnology, Liposomes, Targeted Delivery, Diagnosis, Nano-medicines.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ITRACONAZOLE NIOSOMAL GEL
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Dua J.S 
Published: November 2018

The preparation of niosomes. The main objective of the study was to enhance the antifungal activity of the formulation. Itraconazole is a broad spectrum Imidazole derivative useful in the treatment of superfacial and systemic fungal infection. Various surfactants used were span 40 and span 60. Niosomes were prepared by using Rotary Vaccum evaporation method. Niosomes were prepared using different ratio of drug: surfactant: cholesterol (1:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:3:1).Evaluation of the Niosomal gel was done by determination of drug content 52.81-56.12, Entrapment Efficiency 42.20-45.20,Niosomal gel was prepared using Carbopol 940 (1.5%), Glycerol (10%), Triethanolamine (q.s.) and distilled water up to 15ml. Viscosity was determined by Brookfield programmable ultra-viscometer and the ranges 8173 centipoise. The drug content of the Itraconazole niosomal gel was determined at 262 nm against blank by using UV/visible spectrophotometer and found to be 56.12%. The percentage of drug entrapment in niosomal gel was calculated to be 45.20% .The in-vitro drug release study was carried out using phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4 and was found to be 41.18 ± 1.53% for 12 hours. It can be concluded that the gel formulation containing niosomes loaded with Itraconazole showed prolonged action than formulation containing Itraconazole in non-niosomal form and it can be developed successfully to improve the anti-fungal activity.
FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-ANGIOGENIC ACTIVITIES OF MEMECYLAENE NANOEMULSION
Authors: Rekha ND , Nagesha Dattatri K. , Rajasree PH , Shruthi N 
Published: November 2018

The present study was undertaken to formulate and evaluate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-angiogenic activities of nanoemulsion of Memecylaene. Memecylaene was isolated from the leaves of Memecylon malabaricum by using various chromatographic methods. An oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion of Memecylaene was formulated by sonication method using sunflower oil (oil phase), Tween 80 (Surfactant) and Ethanol (co-surfactant). The prepared nanoemulsion was characterized for its droplet size, poly dispersity index and zeta potential. Stability studies were performed and the nanoemulsions were subjected to different biological activities. The formulated nanoemulsion had a particle size range of 52.02 nm to 59.47 nm and zeta potential of -1.27 mV. The enhanced activity of Memecylaene, encapsulated in O/W emulsions is evidenced by the inhibition of phospholipase (PLA2) enzyme and H+, K+ -ATPase and thus showing anti-inflammatory and anti-secretagogues effects. The in vitro anti-oxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical and Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. Further, the inhibition of the growth of neo vessels formation in the in-vivo model system of chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, which is angiogenesis dependent, was also observed. The above findings would help in understanding the putative potential of Memecylaene-loaded nanoemulsion as a therapeutic agent.
Keywords: Anti-angiogenesis, Anti-oxidant, Gastric (H+ K+), Memecylaene, Nanoemulsion, Phospholipase A2 (PLA2).
EDX AND XRD, FT-IR SPECTRA, ANALYSIS CONTAINING HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM METAL ION ADSORPTION PRESENT IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION ON TO PHOSPHORIC ACID (H3PO4) ACTIVATED MIMUSOPS ELENGI LEAVES CARBON
Authors: Elavarasan A 
Published: November 2018

Adsorption studies were carried out by observing the effects of various experimental parameters removal of Chromium from Aqueous solution. Morphology of adsorbent due to adsorption has been analyzed PH, FT-IR spectra, EDX and XRD analysis. Adsorption interactions of hexavalent chromium metal ion onto PTMAC and STMAC from aqueous solution. Using FT-IR spectra, and XRD techniques.and EDX studies revealed that the possibility of partial chemisorption though maximum adsorption is physical in nature. EDX showed the morphological observations of loaded and unloaded adsorbents. XRD studies exhibited the crystalline nature of unloaded adsorbent compared with loaded adsorbent.
Keywords: PH, FT-IR spectra, EDX and XRD analysis, PTMAC, STMAC.
SUN PROTECTION FACTOR DETERMINATION STUDIES OF SOME SUNSCREEN FORMULATIONS USED IN COSMETICS FOR THEIR SELECTION
Authors: Khan Masheer Ahmed 
Published: November 2018

The study involves determination of sun protection factor (SPF) values of some sunscreen formulations for their use in cosmetics. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) is a very popular instrument in the marketing of sunscreens. Sun protection factor is a laboratory measure of the effectiveness of sunscreen, the higher the SPF, the more protection a sunscreen offers against the ultraviolet radiations causing sunburn. It is often not understood how sunscreens work and where the limitations of the SPF are. A lot of aspects of the SPF are confusing, e.g. the race for higher and higher numbers, the effect on SPF when less sunscreen is applied and if sunscreen should be used at all because they may block the Vitamin D synthesis. The study explains how sunscreens work, how the SPF is determined and where the limitations of the current methods exist. The dynamic view of 'UV radiation applied' and the 'UV dose transmitted' through the sunscreen onto the skin as well as onto a substrate in vitro help in the understanding and are also promising approaches in the in vitro assessment. The study is helpful in selection of some sunscreens formulations used in cosmetics with better safety and high SPF values.
Keywords: Sun Protection Factor, SPF, Sunscreens
IN-VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES OF CETUXIMAB LOADED POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Kaushik Ajinder , Sharma Hemant Kumar 
Published: November 2018

Nanoparticles speak to one of the appealing choices in the compelling treatment of tumor chemo-treatment. In the present work, definition and improvement of a novel Cetuximab (MTX)- stacked biodegradable nanoparticles utilizing poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) was done. The arranged nanoparticles were assessed for physicochemical properties, for example, molecule measure, zeta potential, discharge thinks about, and so forth. Molecule size of upgraded definition was < 200 nm. Our essential outcomes exhibit that the created Cetuximab-stacked PLGA nanoparticles discharging the medication for delayed timeframe.
Keywords: Cetuximab; PLGA 50:50; nanoparticles
RECENT PROMISING ADVANCES IN DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS: A REVIEW
Authors: Maqbool Mudasir , Ishaq Geer Mohamed 
Published: November 2018

Antimicrobial resistance is a serious global threat. There is a global menace of antibiotic resistant “super bug”, though the extent and the severity of the problem varies. Resistance hampers therapeutic options and drives clinicians to use newer and more expensive drugs. In serious cases, multi-resistance provides no treatment options. To overcome resistance, a continuous supply of new antibiotics offers an obvious way; but the pipeline of agents in development by the Pharmaceutical industry is very limited. There is an ever-evolving need to develop and evaluate newer alternative strategies for countering a worsening clinical situation to overcome resistance and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The widespread distribution of Antimicrobial resistance has not been paralleled by the development of newer antimicrobials. This happens due to the process of drug discovery and clinical trials of new antimicrobials taking longer time and only a fewer new agents been approved for use. In modern era, where obstacles like chemo-resistance and mutations torment medicine, scientists across the world are looking to adapt lateral approaches in encountering diseases.
Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, super bug, antibiotics
ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON CORBICHONIA DECUMBENS (FORSSK.) EXELL, AN IMPORTANT MEDICINAL HERB FROM RAJASTHAN
Authors: Arora Sunita , Saini Manju 
Published: November 2018

Corbichonia decumbens (Forssk.) Exell, commonly known as pater-chatti, is an annual or short lived perennial herb found in rocky habitats. It is used to cure kidney stone and gonorrhoea. The main objective of this study was to examine the anatomical characters of whole plant of C. decumbens for identification. The transverse sections of root, stem, leaf and flower have been examined and analysed. Photomicrographs were prepared with Sony HD (1920x1080/50i) digital camera. The microscopical studies revealed several interesting features viz., the presence of anomocytic stomata on both the surface; more on adaxial surface starch grains present in cortical region of root, rosette crystals in almost all vegetative parts that some time forms clusters, sclerenchymatous pericyle in stem and root presence of wide medullary rays in secondary xylem and bundle sheath around vascular bundles. The outcome showed many unique characters which may prove most important in taxonomical relevance. This study would be useful for correct identification and authentication of the plant.
Keywords: Anomocytic, Dorsiventral, Medullary rays, Bundle sheath, Rosette crystals
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY (PHENOL AND FLAVONOID CONTENT ) OF THREE DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF PIPER BETLE L. (PIPERACEAE)
Authors: HARINI SAPARA SEKHAR , Sougandhi Pagadala R , TENKAYALA DR SHOBHA RANI , Gopinath Kamalamma Ramalingam 
Published: November 2018

In the present study, an attempt has been made for the estimation of total phenol and flavonoid content and their radical scavenging properties using Piper betle (L.) leaves. In that, Cultivars i.e., Nov Bangla (NB), Sirugamani-1 (SGM-1) and Halisar Sanchi (HS) were selected for this study. The total phenolic content was ranged from 95.04 to 127.33 mg/100g equivalent to gallic acid and flavonoids were ranged from 51.72 to 61.08 mg/ 100g equivalent to standards of Catechin. In vitro antioxidant activity was estimated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), free radical scavenging activity, improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Among all the cultivars, The highest Phenol content (93.79%) was observed for Sirugamani-1 by DPPH method and highest Phenol content (96.12% & 6791.86 (µg/g) was obtained for Halisar Sanchi by ABTS assay and FRAP activity respectively. The study revealed that the leaves of Piper betle (L.) has higher amount of antioxidant activity and it could be used for any novel drug preparation.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES OF INSULIN FOR NASAL DELIVERY
Authors: Mishra Subhendu Sekhar , Sharma Ashish 
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate nanoparticles containing insulin in different polymer ratio by ionotropic gelation method. The average particle size was found to be 130.4±3.4 -155.5±6.4nm. SEM indicates that nanoparticles have shown smooth and spherical shape. The zeta potential of optimized formulation was 35.5 mv which indicates moderate stability with no agglomeration. The average drug content was found to be 130.4±3.4 -155.5±6.4nm. The in vitro drug release data was analyzed using zero order, first order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. It was observed the best fit model for nanoparticles was higuchi model. The developed formulation in situ polymeric gel is designed in such a way that the gel will load insulin in higher concentration and it will also contain penetration enhancer which will enhance the absorption of release drug from gel to systemic circulation.
Keywords: Insulin, Nanoparticle, invitro drug release study.
Effect of Simulated Pulpal Microcirculation on Temperature When Light Curing Bulk Fill Composites
Authors: Braga SSL , Oliveira LRS , Ribeiro MTH , Vilela ABF , da Silva GR , Price RB , Soares CJ 
Published: November 2018

SUMMARY

Objectives:
To evaluate the effect of light curing bulk fill resin composite restorations on the increase in the temperature of the pulp chamber both with and without a simulated pulpal fluid flow.

Methods and Materials:
Forty extracted human molars received a flat occlusal cavity, leaving approximately 2 mm of dentin over the pulp. The teeth were restored using a self-etch adhesive system (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray) and two different bulk fill resin composites: a flowable (SDR, Dentsply) and a regular paste (AURA, SDI) bulk fill. The adhesive was light cured for 20 seconds, SDR was light cured for 20 seconds, and AURA was light cured for 40 seconds using the Bluephase G2 (Ivoclar Vivadent) or the VALO Cordless (Ultradent) in the standard output power mode. The degree of conversion (DC) at the top and bottom of the bulk fill resin composite was assessed using Fourier-Transform Infra Red spectroscopy. The temperature in the pulp chamber when light curing the adhesive system and resin composite was measured using a J-type thermocouple both with and without the presence of a simulated microcirculation of 1.0-1.4 mL/min. Data were analyzed using Student t-tests and two-way and three-way analyses of variance (α=0.05 significance level).

Results:
The irradiance delivered by the light-curing units (LCUs) was greatest close to the top sensor of the MARC resin calibrator (BlueLight Analytics) and lowest after passing through the 4.0 mm of resin composite plus 2.0 mm of dentin. In general, the Bluephase G2 delivered a higher irradiance than did the VALO Cordless. The resin composite, LCU, and region all influenced the degree of cure. The simulated pulpal microcirculation significantly reduced the temperature increase. The greatest temperature rise occurred when the adhesive system was light cured. The Bluephase G2 produced a rise of 6°C, and the VALO Cordless produced a lower temperature change (4°C) when light curing the adhesive system for 20 seconds without pulpal microcirculation. Light curing SDR produced the greatest exothermic reaction.

Conclusions:
Using simulated pulpal microcirculation resulted in lower temperature increases. The flowable composite (SDR) allowed more light transmission and had a higher degree of conversion than did the regular paste (AURA). The greatest temperature rise occurred when light curing the adhesive system alone.
Composite-composite Adhesion as a Function of Adhesive-composite Material and Surface Treatment
Authors: Ritter AV , Sulaiman TA , Altitinchi A , Bair E , Baratto-Filho F , Gonzaga CC , Correr GM 
Published: November 2018

SUMMARY

Objective:
To evaluate the composite-to-composite repair interfacial fracture toughness (iFT) as a function of adhesive and composite repair material.

Methods and Materials:
Beam-shaped composite specimens (21×4×3±0.2 mm) were prepared for each substrate material (Filtek Supreme Ultra [FSU] or Clearfil Majesty ES-2 [CME]) and artificially aged for 50,000 thermocycles (5-55°C, 20-second dwell time). Aged specimens were sectioned in half, and the resulting hemispecimens were randomly assigned to one of the different repair methods (n=10) based on the following variables: type of substrate composite (FSU or CME), acid etch (yes or no), adhesive type (Scotchbond Universal or Clearfil SE Bond 2), and type of repair composite (FSU or CME). The repair surface was prepared with a course diamond bur (Midwest #471271). When used, 37% phosphoric acid was applied for 20 seconds, rinsed, and dried. All adhesives and composites were applied according to manufacturers' instructions. After postrepair storage (100% humidity, 37°C, 24 hours), iFT was measured and expressed as MPa. Data were analyzed for statistical significance using a three-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests (α=0.05).

Results:
iFT values ranged from 0.64 ± 0.19 MPa to 1.28 ± 013 MPa. Significantly higher iFT values were achieved when FSU was used as the repair composite resin regardless of the substrate composite resin (p&lt;0.001). Clearfil SE Bond 2 adhesive was associated with significantly higher iFT values for FSU substrate (p&lt;0.001). The etching procedure had no significant effect on the iFT values of the repair procedures (p&gt;0.05).

Conclusions:
Composite repair strength is adhesive and composite dependent. Repair strength appears to be higher when FSU is the repair composite regardless of the adhesive used.
Impact of Modifiable Risk Factors on Bone Loss During Periodontal Maintenance
Authors: Cui X , Monacelli E , Killeen AC , Samson K , Reinhardt RA 
Published: November 2018

SUMMARY

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to analyze modifiable patient risk factors from dental chart histories and radiographs for progressive mild-moderate periodontitis during periodontal maintenance (PM).

Methods and Materials:
Bitewing radiographs of 442 elderly periodontal maintenance patients were taken before and after two years of periodontal maintenance. Each progressive periodontitis (PP) patient (with at least one site of posterior interproximal bone loss of ≥2 mm, n=71) was matched to a periodontitis stable (PS) patient (no sites with bone loss, n=71) of the same gender and age (±five years) to control for these variables and was compared for measurements of general patient (medical history, smoking, hygiene and compliance habits) and tooth-related (bone loss, overhangs, interproximal dimensions) factors at baseline. Fisher exact and t-tests were used to compare groups.

Results:
While the elderly PM patients with mild-moderate periodontitis were generally stable, 71 of 442 were PP patients. No significant differences from PS patients were observed at baseline with regard to the systemic factors measured. However, the PP group had less cementoenamel junction to bone length (bone loss p&lt;0.0001) and more interproximal width (2.3±1.0 mm) than did the PS group (1.7±0.6 mm, p=0.0016). This was reflected in more open sites without adjacent tooth contact in PP (42% vs 15%, p=0.0006).

Conclusions:
In the short term, systemic and behavior factors are of limited value in identifying mild-moderate periodontitis patients on PM at increased risk of bone loss. However, interproximal width and lack of adjacent tooth contacts are related to the likelihood of losing interproximal bone during periodontal maintenance, suggesting the need for restorative therapy.
An Analysis of Brand Equity Components in the Context of Cultural Festivals
Authors: Seehanam Nawathiwa , Akkaranggoon Supalak , Ungpannsattawung Supanni 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The objectives of this research are 1) to examine the tourist-based brand equity (TBBE) model for cultural festivals; 2) to analyze the components of brand equity in Loy Krathong Light and Candles Festival at Sukhothai Historical Park in Thailand. In order to verify the validity of the brand equity model for cultural festivals, the conceptual framework of this research was based on the concept of consumer- based brand equity model, namely, brand awareness, brand quality, brand association, brand image, brand loyalty, and brand experience. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 328 Thai tourists, and were analyzed by using the structural equation model. The results showed the correlation between the TBBE model and the empirical data with the significant level of 95. That is to say, brand awareness (BA) has a direct influence on brand quality (BQ) and brand association (BAS). Brand quality (BQ) has a direct influence on brand experience (BEx), and brand experience (BEx) has a direct influence on brand loyalty (BL). This research also found that brand experience (BEx) has an influence on the structure of brand equity for cultural festivals.
Analisis Dan Pemetaan Kesesuaian Lahan Tanaman Anggur Di Kabupaten Buleleng Dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis
Authors: Raharja Made Agung 
Published: November 2018

Kabupaten Buleleng ini merupakan salah satu penghasil anggur di Bali yang biasa dikenal dengan julukan Anggur Buleleng. Pengalama beberapa periode sering terjadi buah anggur yang ditanam itu mengalami pembusukan, mati, hingga gagal panen hingga membuat penurunan produktivitas dan membuat para pembudidaya itu mengalami kerugian yang menyebabkan perekonomian daerah melemah. Sehingga digunakan solusi dengan suatu metode atau bantuan teknologi informasi salah satunya adalah dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis. Banyak permasalahan keruangan yang rumit, seperti kependudukan, pertanian, pemetaan wilayah yang menggunakan sistem informasi geografis untuk menyelesaikan masalah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pengolahan data yang dilakukan mengenai analisis dan perancangan sistem informasi geografis kesesuaian lahan untuk tanaman anggur di Kabupaten Buleleng, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa : 1) Penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis, merancang, dan mengimplementasikan menggunakan aplikasi QGIS. 2) Persebaran tanaman anggur dikabupaten Buleleng mendapatkan hasil bahwa 6 kecamatan merupakan kategori S1 yaitu pada kecamatan Gerokgak, Buleleng, Seririt, Banjar, Kubutambahan, dan Tejakula. Jumlah kecamatan yang merupakan kategori S2 (sesuai) adalah sebanyak 2 kecamatan yaitu pada kecamatan Sukasada dan Sawan. Jumlah kecamatan yang merupakan kategori S3 (kurang sesuai) adalah sebanyak 1 kecamatan yaitu pada kecamatan Busungbiu.