bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of non‐invasive markers of NAFLD from an individualised, web‐based exercise program
Authors: Huber Yvonne , Pfirrmann Daniel , Gebhardt Ines , Labenz Christian , Gehrke Nadine , Straub Beate K. , Ruckes Christian , Bantel Heike , Belda Eugenio , Clément Karine , Leeming Diana J. , Karsdal Morten A. , Galle Peter R. , Simon Perikles , Schattenberg Jörn M. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundLifestyle modifications remain the cornerstone of treatment in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, they requently fail related to the inability of patients to implement lasting changes.AimsTo evaluate the effects of a short, web‐based, individualised exercise program on non‐invasive markers of hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis.MethodsPatients with histologically confirmed NAFLD underwent an 8‐week, web‐based, individualised exercise program that contained bidirectional feedback.ResultsForty‐four patients entered the study and 41 completed the assigned training goal (93.2%). In the completer population, 8 weeks of individualised exercise increased the VO2peak by 12.2% compared to baseline (P < .001). ALT and AST decreased by 14.3% (P = .002) and 18.2% (P < .001) and remained at this level until follow‐up 12 weeks after the intervention. Markers of inflammation including hsCRP, ferritin, and M30 decreased. In parallel, gut microbiota exhibited increased metagenomic richness (P < .05) and at the taxonomic levels Bacteroidetes and Euryarchaeota increased whereas Actinobacteria phylum decreased. Surrogate scores of steatosis and fibrosis including the fatty liver index (FLI), FiB‐4, APRI and transient elastography showed significant reductions. In parallel, a marker of procollagen‐3 turnover (PRO‐C3) decreased while C4M2, reflecting type IV collagen, degradation increased suggesting beneficial hepatic fibrosis remodelling from exercise. Also, an enhancement in health‐related quality of life was reported.ConclusionThe current study underlines the plausibility and potential of an 8 week individualised web‐based exercise program in NAFLD.Clinical trial number: NCT02526732
A novel pan‐cancer biomarker plasma heat shock protein 90alpha and its diagnosis determinants in clinic
Authors: Liu Wei , Li Jie , Zhang Ping , Hou Qiaoyun , Feng Shi , Liu Lisheng , Cui Dawei , Shi Hubing , Fu Yan , Luo Yongzhang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA sensitive and specific diagnosis biomarker, in principle scalable to most cancer types, is needed to reduce the prevalent cancer mortality. Meanwhile, the investigation of diagnosis determinants of a biomarker will facilitate the interpretation of its screening results in clinic. Here we design a large‐scale (1558 enrollments), multicenter (multiple hospitals), and cross‐validation (two datasets) clinic study to validate plasma Hsp90α quantified by ELISA as a pan‐cancer biomarker. ROC curve shows the optimum diagnostic cutoff is 69.19 ng/mL in discriminating various cancer patients from all controls (AUC 0.895, sensitivity 81.33% and specificity 81.65% in test cohort; AUC 0.893, sensitivity 81.72% and specificity 81.03% in validation cohort). Similar results are noted in detecting early‐stage cancer patients. Plasma Hsp90α maintains also broad‐spectrum for cancer subtypes, especially with 91.78% sensitivity and 91.96% specificity in patients with AFP‐limited liver cancer. In addition, we demonstrate levels of plasma Hsp90α are determined by ADAM10 expression, which will affect Hsp90α content in exosomes. Furthermore, Western blotting and PRM‐based quantitative proteomics identify that partial false ELISA‐negative patients secret high levels of plasma Hsp90α. Mechanism analysis reveal that TGFβ‐PKCγ gene signature defines a distinct pool of hyperphosphorylated Hsp90α at Theronine residue. In clinic, a mechanistically relevant population of false ELISA‐negative patients express also higher levels of PKCγ. In sum, plasma Hsp90α is a novel pan‐cancer diagnosis biomarker, and cancer diagnosis with plasma Hsp90α is particularly effective in those patients with high expression of ADAM10, but may be insufficient to detect the patients with low ADAM10 and those with hyperphosphorylated Hsp90α.
Inhibition activity prediction for a dataset of candidates’ drug by combining fuzzy logic withMLR/ANN QSARmodels
Authors: Abdolmaleki Azizeh , Ghasemi Jahan B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA hybrid of artificial intelligence simple and low computational costQSARwas used. Approximately 90 pyridinylimidazole‐based drug candidates with a range of potencies against p38RMAPkinase were investigated. To obtain more flexibility and effective capability of handling and processing information about the real world, in this case, the fuzzy set theory was introduced into theQSAR. An integration of multiple linear regression and artificial neural network with adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) was developed to predict the inhibition activity. The algorithm ofANFISwas applied to identify the suitable variables and then to find the optimal descriptors. The gradient descent with momentum backpropagationANNwas used to establish the nonlinear multivariate relationships between the chemical structural parameters and biological response. A comparison between the result of the proposed linear and nonlinear regression showed the superiority ofQSARmodeling byANFIS‐ANNmethod over theMLR. The results demonstrated that theANFIScould be applied successfully as a feature selection. The appearance ofDiam,Homo, andLogPdescriptors in the model showed the importance of the steric, electronic, and thermodynamic interactions between a drug and its target site in the distribution of a compound within a biosystem and its interaction with competing for binding sites.
The low anterior resection syndrome in a reference population: prevalence and predictive factors in the Netherlands
Authors: van Heinsbergen M. , Van der Heijden J. A. G. , Stassen L. P. , Melenhorst J. , de Witte E. , Belgers E. H. , Maaskant‐Braat A. J. G. , Bloemen J. G. , Bouvy N. D. , Janssen‐Heijnen M. L. , Konsten J. L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) severely affects quality of life (QoL) after colorectal cancer surgery. There are no data about these complaints and the association with QoL in a reference population. The aim of this study was to assess LARS and the association with QoL in a reference population.MethodsSix hundred patients who visited the outpatient clinic because of general or trauma surgical indications were asked to participate in this study. They received an invitation letter containing three validated questionnaires to assess LARS (assessed with the LARS score) and both general [European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ‐C30] and colorectal‐specific (EORTC QLQ‐CR29) QoL.ResultsFive hundred and one respondents could be included for the analyses. The median age at inclusion was 68 years and 47.3% were men. Major LARS was observed in 15% of patients (11.4% in men and 18.9% in women, P = 0.021). Women reported more urgency (P = 0.070) and incontinence for both flatus (P < 0.001) and stool (P = 0.063) compared to men. In univariate analyses, women reported major LARS significantly more often than men (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.10–3.01). Patients with major LARS scored significantly worse in most QoL domains compared to patients with no/minor LARS.ConclusionThis is the first study demonstrating major LARS and the association with QoL in a reference population of patients without colorectal cancer. Our data can assist in the interpretation of LARS in past and future research about abdominal complaints after colorectal cancer surgery.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects of OralCXA‐10, a Nitro Fatty Acid, After Single and Multiple Ascending Doses in Healthy and Obese Subjects
Authors: Garner Rachel M. , Mould Diane R. , Chieffo Carla , Jorkasky Diane K. 
Published: July 2019

10‐nitro‐9(E)‐octadec‐9‐enoic acid (CXA‐10), a novel nitro fatty acid compound, demonstrates potential as a therapeutic agent in multiple disease indications in which oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and/or direct tissue toxicity play significant roles. Phase I studies were conducted in healthy and obese subjects to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), safety, and tolerability of oralCXA‐10 after single and multiple doses in the fed and fasted states that would confirm the mechanisms of action ofCXA‐10. After single and multiple ascending doses,CXA‐10 demonstrated dose‐proportional increases in plasma exposure.CXA‐10 decreased levels of biomarkers associated with altered inflammation and metabolic stress observed from nonclinical studies. InCXA‐10‐202, a consistent decrease from baseline was observed withCXA‐10 150 mg dose, but not 25 or 450 mg doses, for biomarkers of altered inflammation and metabolic dysfunction, including leptin, triglycerides, cholesterol,MCP‐1, andIL‐6. InCXA‐10‐203, after coadministration withCXA‐10, geometric mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time point 0 to the end of the dosing interval (AUC0−t) decreased 20% and 25% for pravastatin, increased 10% and 25% for simvastatin, and decreased 20% and 5% for ezetimibe. These findings are consistent with the pharmacological effects ofCXA‐10. Adverse events (AEs) were dose‐related, and the most frequently reportedAEs (>10% of subjects) were diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea.CXA‐10 was safe and well‐tolerated with no clinically significant abnormalities reported on physical examination, vital signs, clinical laboratory evaluations, or electrocardiographic evaluation. Phase II studies are underway in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension to investigate the efficacy and tolerability ofCXA‐10 75–300 mg once daily.
Temporal variation in abundance of male and female spruce budworms at combinatory associations of light traps and pheromone traps
Authors: Rhainds Marc , Lavigne Dan , Rideout Troy , Candau Jean‐Noël 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA 3‐year study (2014–2016) was conducted at Rocky Harbour near the west coast of Newfoundland, Canada, to record the abundance and phenology of adult spruce budworms captured at traps, using a factorial design (light traps and pheromone traps deployed contiguously or segregated spatially). Budworms were most abundant and occurred seasonally earlier in 2014 than in 2015 and 2016; these findings held generally true for males and females. The geographic setting of Newfoundland (large island isolated from the mainland by an oceanic barrier of >100 km across) provides an ideal location to discriminate local flight from long‐range immigrations; in our study, however, immigrations cannot be ruled out for any single day of trapping due to broad overlap in emergence patterns at Rocky Harbour relative to forest stands with known populations of budworms on the mainland. Based on moderate daily variation in adult abundance, however, major immigration events (defined as external deposition of budworms with large numerical amplitude) likely did not take place at Rocky Harbor between 2014 and 2016. Males were more abundant at light traps coupled with pheromone traps, whereas abundance of males at pheromone traps was similar with or without contiguous light traps. This outcome may be mediated by lower range of attraction for light traps (usually <100 m) and (generally assumed to be several hundreds of meters). Females were equally abundant at light traps with or without pheromone traps. As expected, males were captured earlier in the season at pheromone traps than at light traps, and females occurred later in the season due to protandry. The onset of flight observed at light traps or pheromone traps in 2015 and 2016 occurred 10–15 days later than simulated predictions; caution is thus warranted as to conclusions derived on computer modeling of adult emergence.
Plants for nitrogen management in riparian zones: A proposed trait‐based framework to select effective species
Authors: Franklin Hannah M. , Robinson Brett H. , Dickinson Nicholas M. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryRestoring plants to the riparian zone is regarded as management best practice in river restoration and has the potential to reduce the impact of nitrogen (N) pollution on aquatic organisms and improve water quality for human use. Plant characteristics and the interplay of hydrology and biogeochemistry control N retention in the riparian zone. The balance between processes such as denitrification and plant assimilation determines riparian N retention. Plant traits are likely to mediate these N removal processes through variations in root form, growth character, foliage production (quantity, quality and rate of return to the soil) and by altering conditions in the rhizosphere soil. Vegetation can slow N transfer via direct plant uptake of N (during periods of rapid vegetation growth) and changes induced to soil hydrology, nutrient cycling and microbial activity, principally denitrification. Few studies have focused on species‐dependent effects on N movement through soil and across boundaries. We propose a new framework, based on a literature review of plant traits with respect to N cycling, which can be used to select plant species with traits likely to maximise N removal during transport through the riparian zone. In the proposed framework, inter‐specific differences in traits known to influence N mobility: root form, growth rate, foliar characteristics and rhizosphere processes, are used to describe species’ potential impact on N removal. Plant trait data may be drawn from studies outside the riparian zone; for example forest ecology, horticulture or forestry research, and candidate species are scored to predict N removal efficiency. We apply the framework to New Zealand's native riparian plant assemblages to demonstrate the trait‐based approach. This framework can guide restoration management decisions and investment in riparian revegetation in a manner that is not restricted to geographically specific or well‐studied species.
Surgical treatment of a second metacarpal bone exostosis with associated desmitis of the body of the suspensory ligament in a horse
Authors: Owen K. R. , Hinnigan G. J. , Smith C. E. , Smith M. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis report outlines the diagnosis, surgical treatment and successful outcome following treatment of second metacarpal bone exostosis with concurrent suspensory ligament desmitis, and lameness in a horse. Magnetic resonance imaging was useful in determining the extent of pathology within the suspensory ligament and site of proposed surgical resection. MRI was also utilised as a post‐operative tool in determining the timescale for satisfactory healing to enable the horse to return to athletic work.
Effects of temperature and a piscivorous fish on diel winter behaviour of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta)
Authors: Filipsson Karl , Bergman Eva , Österling Martin , Erlandsson Ann , Greenberg Larry , Watz Johan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Low winter temperatures constrain predator‐detection and escape capabilities, making poikilotherms vulnerable to predation. Investigations of temperature effects on predator–prey interactions can therefore be of special importance in light of ongoing climate change, where winter temperatures are predicted to increase substantially at northern latitudes.

Behavioral responses of stream fishes to terrestrial predators in winter are well recognised, whereas responses to predatory fish have received little attention. Using stream flumes, we examined the anti‐predator behaviour of one‐summer‐old brown trout (Salmo trutta) at 3 and 8°C in the presence and absence of burbot (Lota lota) under night, dawn, and daylight conditions. Burbot was placed upstream of the trout, separated by net screens.

Lower temperature and the presence of burbot reduced trout activity. Light increased trout shelter use, and trout sheltered more in the presence of burbot. An interaction between the presence of burbot and light conditions affected trout position in the flumes: at night and dawn, trout positioned themselves further downstream when burbot were present than when absent, whereas during the day, trout maintained the same position in the presence or absence of the predator.

Our results suggest that piscivorous fish, in addition to terrestrial predators, shape the behaviour of prey fishes in streams during winter. We show how predator avoidance results in altered diel patterns of juvenile brown trout under winter conditions, and that temperature has additional effects on trout behaviour.
Network parameters quantify loss of assemblage structure in human‐impacted lake ecosystems
Authors: Wang Rong , Dearing John A. , Doncaster C. Patrick , Yang Xiangdong , Zhang Enlou , Langdon Peter G. , Yang Hui , Dong Xuhui , Hu Zhujun , Xu Min , Zhao Yanjie , Shen Ji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLake biodiversity is an incomplete indicator of exogenous forcing insofar as it ignores underlying deformations of community structure. Here, we seek a proxy for deformation in a network of diatom assemblages comprising 452 species in 273 lakes across China. We test predictions from network theory that nodes of similar type will tend to self‐organize in an unstressed system to a positively skewed frequency distribution of nodal degree. The empirical data reveal shifts in the frequency distributions of species associations across regions, from positive skew in lakes in west China with a history of low human impacts, to predominantly negative skew amongst lakes in highly disturbed regions in east China. Skew values relate strongly to nutrient loading from agricultural activity and urbanization, as measured by total phosphorus in lake water. Reconstructions through time show that positive skew reduces with temporal intensification of human impacts in the lake and surrounding catchments, and rises as lakes recover from disturbance. Our study illustrates how network parameters can track the loss of aquatic assemblage structure in lakes associated with human pressures.
Benthic habitats do show a significant latitudinal diversity gradient: A comment on Kinlock et al. (2018)
Authors: Menegotto André , Kurtz Márcia Neunschwander , Lana Paulo da Cunha 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) has been investigated for decades, with hundreds of studies focusing on different organisms, regions and habitat types. Meta‐analysis may be considered, therefore, a useful tool to explore the generality and limitations of this remarkable macroecological pattern. The first meta‐analysis exploring variations in the LDG, published by Hillebrand in 2004, revealed that the latitudinal decline in species richness seems to be indeed a general phenomenon. However, Kinlock et al. (2018, Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27, 125–141) revisited recently the challenge of synthesizing individual LDGs and indicated that the phenomenon is not ubiquitous among habitats of the marine realm. More precisely, they indicated that the phenomenon is non‐significant in the benthic habitat. Here, we suggest that the marine habitat categories used by them (i.e., benthic, coral reefs, coastal, open ocean) are not independent and that reclassifying the studies significantly alters one of their main results. By assigning the studies into benthic and pelagic categories, and additionally into coastal or oceanic zones, we show that non‐ambiguous, evolutionarily meaningful marine habitats display a significant latitudinal decline in species richness.
Increasing temperature within thermal limits compensates negative ultraviolet‐B radiation effects in terrestrial and aquatic organisms
Authors: Jin Peng , Overmans Sebastian , Duarte Carlos M. , Agustí Susana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe interactive effects of increased temperature and ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation on terrestrial and aquatic biota remain poorly understood. Our goal is to increase knowledge by providing a comprehensive assessment of the combined effects of warming and increased UV‐B on organisms across these domains.LocationGlobal.Time period1995–2016.Major taxa studiedTerrestrial plants and animals, and marine and freshwater microalgae, macroalgae and animals.MethodsWe examined, using a meta‐analysis based on 1,139 published experimental assessments, the combined effects of temperature and UV‐B across terrestrial, freshwater and marine biota. We characterized the prevailing mode of combined effects (additive, synergistic or antagonistic), and assessed whether these were dose‐dependent or differed between terrestrial, freshwater and marine species, or between organisms growing in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.ResultsOur results show that the two stressors generally acted opposingly, with a significant positive effect of increased temperature and a significant adverse effect of elevated UV‐B radiation. Regarding their interactive impact, additive interactions (84%) appeared to be much more common compared with multiplicative (16%) effects. The frequencies of interaction types differed significantly among the three habitats and different plant functional groups. The proportion of both synergistic and antagonistic effects increased with increasing magnitude of temperature and UV‐B changes, suggesting that additivity is constrained by an organism's thermal and physiological limits.Main conclusionsOur analysis demonstrates that due to their mostly opposing nature, elevated temperature, within the thermal limits of organisms, tends to compensate for the negative impact of UV‐B radiation when acting together, while their additive interaction is likely to assist impact prognosis. Our study, therefore, provides new insights into the predictions of the interactive effects of global change drivers across different habitats.
Older adults’ choices of first‐contact care and related factors in Zhejiang and Qinghai Province, China
Authors: Hu Xiaoqian , Zhang Hao , Sun Xueshan , Gu Yuxuan , Zhen Xuemei , Gu Shuyan , Li Yuanyuan , Huang Minzhuo , Wei Jingming , Dong Hengjin 
Published: July 2019

AimThis study aimed to investigate older adults’ choices of first‐contact care when they felt ill in Zhejiang and Qinghai province, and the related potential pathways.MethodsData were from a cross‐sectional survey in Zhejiang and Qinghai. We firstly compared older adults’ choices of first‐contact care in two provinces. Then, we applied structural equation modeling to explore pathways from socioeconomic status, accessibility and health status to older adults’ choices of first‐contact care.ResultsThe proportion of older adults who selected primary healthcare institutions as first‐contact care in Qinghai was higher than that in Zhejiang. Socioeconomic status played an important role in the Zhejiang model through direct and indirect pathways. In the Qinghai model, accessibility to primary healthcare institutions was the leading cause for choosing preferred first‐contact care.ConclusionsA better understanding of complex pathways from factors to older adults’ choices of first‐contact care was essential, which might inform priorities for further maximizing the utilization of primary care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 938–944.