bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment tools for the measurement of the self-efficacy of drug users: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Vasconcelos Selene Cordeiro , Frazão Iracema da Silva , Sougey Everton Botelho , Souza Sandra Lopes de , Silva Tatiana de Paula Santana da , Lima Murilo Duarte da Costa 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionThe abuse of alcohol and other drugs is a worldwide problem, the treatment of which poses a challenge to healthcare workers.ObjectiveThis study presents a proposal for a systematic review to analyse the psychometric properties of assessment tools developed to measure the self-efficacy of drug users with regard to resisting the urge to take drugs in high-risk situations.Methods and AnalysisThe guiding question was based on PICOS (Population Intervention Comparator Outcome Setting), and the report of the methods of review protocol was written in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Searches will be performed in the PsycINFO, Cochrane, Pubmed, Web of Science, SCOPUS and CINAHL databases, followed by the use of the ‘snowball’ strategy. The inclusion criteria for the articles will be (1) assessment tool validation studies; (2) assessment tools developed to measure self-efficacy; (3) quantitative measures; (4) measures designed for use on adults; (5) data from self-reports of the participants; (6) studies involving a description of psychometric properties of the measures; and (7) studies that explain how the level of self-efficacy is scored. The search, selection and analysis will be performed by two independent reviewers. In cases of a divergence of opinion, a third reviewer will be consulted. The COSMIN checklist will be used for the appraisal of the methodological quality of the assessment tools and the certainty of the evidence in the articles (risk of bias) will be analysed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol does not require ethical approval. However, this protocol is part of the thesis entitledDrug-Taking Confidence Questionnairefor use in Brazil, presented for obtaining a doctorate in neuropsychiatry and behavioural sciences from the Federal University of Pernambuco, and has received approval from the human research ethics committee of the Federal University of Pernambuco (reference number: 1.179.162).The results will be disseminated to clinicians and researchers through peer-reviewed publications and conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017068555.
4-year results from the RAPID-PsA phase 3 randomised placebo-controlled trial of certolizumab pegol in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: van der Heijde Désirée , Deodhar Atul , FitzGerald Oliver , Fleischmann Roy , Gladman Dafna , Gottlieb Alice B , Hoepken Bengt , Bauer Lars , Irvin-Sellers Oscar , Khraishi Majed , Peterson Luke , Turkiewicz Anthony , Wollenhaupt Jürgen , Mease Philip J 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo report the efficacy, patient-reported, radiographic and safety outcomes of 4 years’ certolizumab pegol (CZP) treatment in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).MethodsRAPID-PsA (NCT01087788) was double-blind and placebo-controlled to Week 24, dose-blind to Week 48 and open-label (OL) to Week 216. Patients were randomised 1:1:1 to either placebo or CZP 200 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) or 400 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W) (following 400 mg at Weeks 0/2/4). Patients randomised to CZP continued their assigned dose in the OL period. Patients randomised to placebo were re-randomised to CZP 200 mg Q2W or 400 mg Q4W (post-loading dose) at Week 16 (early escape) or after the double-blind phase. We present observed and imputed data; missing values were imputed using non-responder imputation (NRI) for categorical and last observation carried forward (LOCF) for continuous measures.Results409 patients were randomised; 20% (54/273) of Week 0 patients randomised to CZP had prior anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) exposure; 67% (183/273) completed 216 weeks. By Week 48, 60.4% of patients achieved Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis low disease activity or remission, which was maintained; 66.3% achieved these outcomes at Week 216 (NRI). At Weeks 48 and 216, 39.2% of patients achieved minimal disease activity (NRI). 75% reduction in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index responses were 65% and 52% at Weeks 48 and 216 (NRI). Total resolution rates for enthesitis, dactylitis and nail psoriasis, at 4 years, were 71%, 81% and 65%, respectively (LOCF). Structural damage progression was low over 4 years’ treatment. No new safety signals were identified after Week 96.ConclusionsCZP efficacy in treating PsA was maintained over 4 years, in patients both with and without prior anti-TNF exposure, with no new safety signals identified.
Contribution of explicit processes to reinforcement-based motor learning
Authors: Holland Peter , Codol Olivier , Galea Joseph M. 
Published: March 2018

Despite increasing interest in the role of reward in motor learning, the underlying mechanisms remain ill defined. In particular, the contribution of explicit processes to reward-based motor learning is unclear. To address this, we examined subjects’ ( n = 30) ability to learn to compensate for a gradually introduced 25° visuomotor rotation with only reward-based feedback (binary success/failure). Only two-thirds of subjects ( n = 20) were successful at the maximum angle. The remaining subjects initially followed the rotation but after a variable number of trials began to reach at an insufficiently large angle and subsequently returned to near-baseline performance ( n = 10). Furthermore, those who were successful accomplished this via a large explicit component, evidenced by a reduction in reach angle when they were asked to remove any strategy they employed. However, both groups displayed a small degree of remaining retention even after the removal of this explicit component. All subjects made greater and more variable changes in reach angle after incorrect (unrewarded) trials. However, subjects who failed to learn showed decreased sensitivity to errors, even in the initial period in which they followed the rotation, a pattern previously found in parkinsonian patients. In a second experiment, the addition of a secondary mental rotation task completely abolished learning ( n = 10), while a control group replicated the results of the first experiment ( n = 10). These results emphasize a pivotal role of explicit processes during reinforcement-based motor learning, and the susceptibility of this form of learning to disruption has important implications for its potential therapeutic benefits. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that learning a visuomotor rotation with only reward-based feedback is principally accomplished via the development of a large explicit component. Furthermore, this form of learning is susceptible to disruption with a secondary task. The results suggest that future experiments utilizing reward-based feedback should aim to dissect the roles of implicit and explicit reinforcement learning systems. Therapeutic motor learning approaches based on reward should be aware of the sensitivity to disruption.
Category representations in the brain are both discretely localized and widely distributed
Authors: Shehzad Zarrar , McCarthy Gregory 
Published: March 2018

Whether category information is discretely localized or represented widely in the brain remains a contentious issue. Initial functional MRI studies supported the localizationist perspective that category information is represented in discrete brain regions. More recent fMRI studies using machine learning pattern classification techniques provide evidence for widespread distributed representations. However, these latter studies have not typically accounted for shared information. Here, we find strong support for distributed representations when brain regions are considered separately. However, localized representations are revealed by using analytical methods that separate unique from shared information among brain regions. The distributed nature of shared information and the localized nature of unique information suggest that brain connectivity may encourage spreading of information but category-specific computations are carried out in distinct domain-specific regions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Whether visual category information is localized in unique domain-specific brain regions or distributed in many domain-general brain regions is hotly contested. We resolve this debate by using multivariate analyses to parse functional MRI signals from different brain regions into unique and shared variance. Our findings support elements of both models and show information is initially localized and then shared among other regions leading to distributed representations being observed.
Impaired Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 in Patients with Colorectal Adenoma after an Oral Glucose Load
Authors: Sasaki Yu , Abe Yasuhiko , Takeda Hiroaki , Nishise Shoichi , Yaoita Takao , Yagi Makoto , Sakuta Kazuhiro , Mizumoto Naoko , Shoji Masakuni , Onozato Yusuke , Kawata Sumio , Ueno Yoshiyuki 
Published: March 2018

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma (CRA). Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays an important role in glucose homeostasis through its amplification of insulin secretion in response to oral nutrients; however, its role in human CRA remains unknown. We investigated oral glucose-mediated GLP-1 secretion in patients with adenoma. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a case-control study of 15 nondiabetic patients with pathologically diagnosed CRA and 10 age-matched healthy controls without adenoma. Plasma concentrations of active GLP-1 were measured during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Mean waist circumference (WC), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, the total areas under the curve (AUC) of glucose and insulin were significantly higher in patients with CRA than in controls. The total AUC of GLP-1 (<i>p</i> = 0.01) was lower in patients with CRA than in controls. Moreover, the total AUC of GLP-1 showed a negative correlation with WC, total AUC of glucose, and HOMA-IR. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that the total AUC of GLP-1 was independently correlated with the number and maximum size of CRAs. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> GLP-1 could actively participate in the development of CRA in humans, particularly in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Clinical Outcome of Electrophysiologically Guided Ablation for Nonparoxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Using a Novel Real-Time 3-Dimensional Mapping Technique
Authors: Pappone Carlo , Ciconte Giuseppe , Vicedomini Gabriele , Mangual Jan O. , Li Wenwen , Conti Manuel , Giannelli Luigi , Lipartiti Felicia , McSpadden Luke , Ryu Kyungmoo , Guazzi Marco , Menicanti Lorenzo , Santinelli Vincenzo 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Clinical outcomes after ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation remain suboptimal. Identification of AF drivers using a novel integrated mapping technique may be crucial to ameliorate the clinical outcome.

Methods and Results:

Persistent AF patients were prospectively enrolled to undergo high-density electrophysiological mapping to identify repetitive-regular activities (RRas) before modified circumferential pulmonary vein (PV) ablation. They have been randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to ablation of RRa followed by modified circumferential PV ablation (mapping group; n=41) or modified circumferential PV ablation alone (control group; n=40). The primary end point was freedom from arrhythmic recurrences at 1 year. In total, 81 persistent AF patients (74% male; mean age, 61.7±10.6 years) underwent mapping/ablation procedure. The regions exhibiting RRa were 479 in 81 patients (5.9±2.4 RRa per patient): 232 regions in the mapping group (n=41) and 247 in the control group (n=40). Overall, 185 of 479 (39%) RRas were identified within the PVs, whereas 294 of 479 (61%) in non-PV regions. Mapping-guided ablation resulted in higher arrhythmia termination rate when compared with conventional strategy (25/41, 61% versus 12/40, 30%;
P
<0.007). Total radiofrequency duration (
P
=0.38), mapping (
P
=0.46), and fluoroscopy times (
P
=0.69) were not significantly different between the groups. No major procedure-related adverse events occurred. After 1 year, 73.2% of mapping group patients were free from recurrences versus 50% of control group (
P
=0.03).

Conclusions:
Targeted ablation of regions showing RRa provided an adjunctive benefit in terms of arrhythmia freedom at 1-year follow-up in the treatment of persistent AF. These findings might support a patient-tailored strategy in subjects with nonparoxysmal AF and should be confirmed by additional larger, randomized, multicenter studies.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier NCT02571218.
Long-Term Caloric Restriction Improves Cardiac Function, Remodeling, Adrenergic Responsiveness, and Sympathetic Innervation in a Model of Postischemic Heart Failure
Authors: de Lucia Claudio , Gambino Giuseppina , Petraglia Laura , Elia Andrea , Komici Klara , Femminella Grazia Daniela , D’Amico Maria Loreta , Formisano Roberto , Borghetti Giulia , Liccardo Daniela , Nolano Maria , Houser Steven R. , Leosco Dario , Ferrara Nicola , Koch Walter J. , Rengo Giuseppe 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Caloric restriction (CR) has been described to have cardioprotective effects and improve functional outcomes in animal models and humans. Chronic ischemic heart failure (HF) is associated with reduced cardiac sympathetic innervation, dysfunctional β-adrenergic receptor signaling, and decreased cardiac inotropic reserve. We tested the effects of a long-term CR diet, started late after myocardial infarction on cardiac function, sympathetic innervation, and β-adrenergic receptor responsiveness in a rat model of postischemic HF.

Methods and Results:
Adult male rats were randomly assigned to myocardial infarction or sham operation and 4 weeks later were further randomized to a 1-year CR or normal diet. One year of CR resulted in a significant reduction in body weight, heart weight, and heart weight/tibia length ratio when compared with normal diet in HF groups. At the end of the study period, echocardiography and histology revealed that HF animals under the CR diet had ameliorated left ventricular remodeling compared with HF rats fed with normal diet. Invasive hemodynamic showed a significant improvement of cardiac inotropic reserve in CR HF rats compared with HF-normal diet animals. Importantly, CR dietary regimen was associated with a significant increase of cardiac sympathetic innervation and with normalized cardiac β-adrenergic receptor levels in HF rats when compared with HF rats on the standard diet.

Conclusions:
We demonstrate, for the first time, that chronic CR, when started after HF established, can ameliorate cardiac dysfunction and improve inotropic reserve. At the molecular level, we find that chronic CR diet significantly improves sympathetic cardiac innervation and β-adrenergic receptor levels in failing myocardium.
Impact of the MitraClip Procedure on Left Atrial Strain and Strain Rate
Authors: Gucuk Ipek Esra , Singh Siddharth , Viloria Esperanza , Feldman Ted , Grayburn Paul , Foster Elyse , Qasim Atif 
Published: March 2018

Background—
Although reverse remodeling of the left atrium (LA) has been shown after MitraClip placement in degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR), changes in LA strain and strain rate have not been evaluated in these patients or compared with surgical mitral valve repair.

Methods and Results—
We included 87 subjects (mean age 59.7±12.3 years) with degenerative MR enrolled in the randomized EVEREST II trial (Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge Repair Study II). Baseline peak positive LA strain (ε) and strain rates along with longitudinal left ventricular strain (LV ε) were compared with 12-month follow-up measures. At 12 months, all 38 mitral valve repair subjects had ≤2+ MR, and 31 of the 49 MitraClip had ≤2+ MR. Baseline LA strain and strain rate values were similar in MitraClip and mitral valve repair groups. Of the strain rate measures, only peak early diastolic strain rate was consistently decreased in all treatment arms. In patients with reduced baseline LA ε, no significant change in LA ε occurred in either the MitraClip or mitral valve repair group despite significant MR and LA volume reduction. However, in patients with normal or high baseline ε, successful MR reduction by either method resulted in return of LA ε to normative values. There was a significant correlation between LA ε, LV ε values, and change in LA ε and LV ε over time.

Conclusions—
Changes seen in LA ε seem to depend on baseline LA and LV function. Changes in LA ε after MR reduction may reflect a decrease in LA expansion but may also be influenced by the degree of pre-existing LA dysfunction.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00209274.
Hyperintense Plaque on Intracranial Vessel Wall Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Predictor of Artery-to-Artery Embolic Infarction
Authors: Wu Fang , Song Haiqing , Ma Qingfeng , Xiao Jiayu , Jiang Tao , Huang Xiaoqin , Bi Xiaoming , Guo Xiuhai , Li Debiao , Yang Qi , Ji Xunming , Fan Zhaoyang , Yu Huan , Cui Bin , Sun Jiayu , Sun Bin , Xia Shuang , Han Tong , Cheng Jingliang 
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose—
The aim of the present study was to investigate atherosclerotic plaque characteristics in patients with artery-to-artery (A-to-A) embolic infarction by whole-brain high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods—
Seventy-four patients (mean age, 54.7±12.1 years; 59 men) with recent stroke in the territory of middle cerebral artery because of intracranial atherosclerotic disease were prospectively enrolled. Whole-brain high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging was performed in all the patients both precontrast and postcontrast administration by using a 3-dimensional T1-weighted vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging technique known as inversion-recovery prepared sampling perfection with application-optimized contrast using different flip angle evolutions. Patients were divided into A-to-A embolic infarction and non–A-to-A embolic infarction groups based on diffusion-weighted imaging findings. The characteristics of the intracranial atherosclerotic plaques were compared between groups.

Results—

A total of 74 intracranial atherosclerotic plaques were analyzed (36 in A-to-A embolism group and 38 in non–A-to-A embolism group). Hyperintense plaques (HIPs) were more frequently observed in A-to-A embolism group (75.0% versus 21.1%;
P
<0.001). Eighteen of the 27 HIPs (66.7%) demonstrated hyperintense spots or areas located adjacent to the lumen versus 9 HIPs (33.3%) located within the plaque in A-to-A embolism group. Furthermore, a higher prevalence of plaque surface irregularity was also observed in A-to-A embolism group (41.7% versus 18.4%;
P
=0.029). Logistic regression analysis showed that HIP was the most powerful independent predictor of A-to-A embolic infarction (
P
<0.001), with the odds ratio of 11.2 (95% confidence interval, 3.5–36.2).

Conclusions—
A-to-A embolic infarction has distinct vulnerable plaque characteristics compared with non–A-to-A embolic infarction. HIP and plaque surface irregularity may predict A-to-A embolic infarction.
Dumping Sites, Witches and Soul-Pollution
Authors: Atiemo Abamfo Ofori 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The generation of waste and how to manage it pose challenges to municipal and district authorities in many parts of the world. In the African context, poverty, bad management practices, and increasing consumerist culture have conspired to render the situation even more complex. Complicating the situation further is the addition of synthetic and electronic waste, non-biodegradable and, in several cases, hazardous. Drawing on personal first hand experiences in Ghana from the perspective of a pastor and a scholar of religious studies, the author reflects on contemporary waste and its (mis)management in Africa and how these affect the dignity and security of present and future generations. He draws on relevant theological motifs from Christianity and indigenous African religious beliefs and practices as well as insights from sociology and eco-theological ethics to analyse the challenge and explore ways in which African Christian public opinion may be mobilized to help address the challenge.
Post-Materialist Integral Ecology
Authors: Apffel-Marglin Frédérique 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This essay is an example of a post-materialist science in the work of molecular biologist Candace Pert. Post-materialist science supersedes materialist-reductionist science and integrates spirituality with materiality. This discussion is motivated by the author’s experience as an academic in a New England institution. Integral ecology is entangled with post-material science as in the work of cosmologist Brian Swimme, Thomas Berry and Mary-Evelyn Tucker. The last part discusses the author’s creation of a non-profit organization in the Peruvian Upper Amazon. The work of her center is a response to requests by the local indigenous leadership for an alternative to their slash and burn form of agriculture. The alternative is the regeneration of a pre-Columbian anthropogenic Amazonian soil known as Terra Preta do Indio (black earth of the Indians) in Brazil, which integrates materiality and spirituality and offers the possibility of food security and sovereignty as well as climate mitigation.
Disputed, Sensitive and Indispensable Topics: The Study of Islam and Apostasy
Authors: Larsson Göran 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUsing examples from my research on apostasy from Islam, in this article I address some basic methodological and theoretical issues in the study of religions. The article contains an outline of major Muslim debates about apostasy in Islamic traditions, why apostasy is punished, where it is punished and the methodological challenges involved in its study. My aim in doing so is to show why it is difficult, but also important, to study apostasy and to show why we need to engage with empirical research that takes into consideration the lives of individuals who are accused of it.
ποικιλόνωτος ἀνήρ: Clothing Metaphors and Nonnus’ Ambiguous Christology in the Paraphrase of the Gospel according to John
Authors: Hadjittofi Fotini 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This article examines three passages in Nonnus’ Paraphrase of the Gospel according to John (19.21-25; 19.118-132; 20.81-82), all of which mention pieces of clothing in the context of Christ’s passion and resurrection. It argues that Nonnus allows, and indeed encourages, both literal readings and metaphorical interpretations of the garments as stand-ins for Christ’s body. The readings which do not turn garments into symbols of the body would be more in agreement with the Orthodox theology of Nonnus’ time, while the metaphorical interpretations would be more amenable to a heterodox (Origenist or Nestorian) construal. The poem’s ambivalence in the employment of clothing metaphors indicates an attitude that is less strictly Alexandrian / Orthodox and more polyphonic than has so far been assumed.