bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitual sleep quality, plasma metabolites and risk of coronary heart disease in post-menopausal women
Authors: Huang Tianyi , Zeleznik Oana A , Poole Elizabeth M , Clish Clary B , Deik Amy A , Scott Justin M , Vetter Céline , Schernhammer Eva S , Brunner Robert , Hale Lauren , Manson JoAnn E , Hu Frank B , Redline Susan , Tworoger Shelley S , Rexrode Kathryn M 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiologic studies suggest a strong link between poor habitual sleep quality and increased cardiovascular disease risk. However, the underlying mechanisms are not entirely clear. Metabolomic profiling may elucidate systemic differences associated with sleep quality that influence cardiometabolic health.MethodsWe explored cross-sectional associations between sleep quality and plasma metabolites in a nested case–control study of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI; n = 1956) and attempted to replicate the results in an independent sample from the Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII; n = 209). A sleep-quality score (SQS) was derived from self-reported sleep problems asked in both populations. Plasma metabolomics were assayed using LC–MS with 347 known metabolites. General linear regression was used to identify individual metabolites associated with continuous SQS (false-discovery rate <0.05). Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithms, a metabolite score was created from replicated metabolites and evaluated with CHD risk in the WHI.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI) and smoking, we identified 69 metabolites associated with SQS in the WHI (59 were lipids). Of these, 16 were replicated in NHSII (15 were lipids), including 6 triglycerides (TAGs), 4 phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), 3 phosphatidylcholines (PCs), 1 diglyceride (DAG), 1 lysophosphatidylcholine and N6-acetyl-L-lysine (a product of histone acetylation). These metabolites were consistently higher among women with poorer sleep quality. The LASSO selection resulted in a nine-metabolite score (TAGs 45: 1, 48: 1, 50: 4; DAG 32: 1; PEs 36: 4, 38: 5; PCs 30: 1, 40: 6; N6-acetyl-L-lysine), which was positively associated with CHD risk (odds ratio per SD increase in the score: 1.16; 95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.28; p = 0.0003) in the WHI after adjustment for matching factors and conventional CHD risk factors.ConclusionsDifferences in lipid metabolites may be an important pathogenic pathway linking poor habitual sleep quality and CHD risk.
A mathematical model of white blood cell dynamics during maintenance therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Le Thuy T T , Jost Felix , Raupach Thomas , Zierk Jakob , Rauh Manfred , Suttorp Meinolf , Stanulla Martin , Metzler Markus , Sager Sebastian 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common malignancy in childhood and requires prolonged oral maintenance chemotherapy to prevent disease relapse after remission induction with intensive intravenous chemotherapy. In maintenance therapy, drug doses of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and methotrexate (MTX) are adjusted to achieve sustained antileukemic activity without excessive myelosuppression. However, uncertainty exists regarding timing and extent of drug dose responses and optimal dose adaptation strategies. We propose a novel comprehensive mathematical model for 6-MP and MTX pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and myelosuppression in acute lymphoblastic maintenance therapy. We personalize and cross-validate the mathematical model using clinical data and propose a real-time algorithm to predict chemotherapy responses with a clinical decision support system as a potential future application.
Picard Groups of Moduli Spaces of Curves with Symmetry
Authors: Kordek Kevin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We study the Picard groups of moduli spaces of smooth complex projective curves that have a group of automorphisms with a prescribed topological action. One of our main tools is the theory of symmetric mapping class groups. In the 1st part of the paper, we show that, under mild restrictions, the moduli spaces of smooth curves with an abelian group of automorphisms of a fixed topological type have finitely generated Picard groups. In certain special cases, we are able to compute them exactly. In the 2nd part of the paper, we show that finite abelian level covers of the hyperelliptic locus in the moduli space of smooth curves have finitely generated Picard groups. We also compute the Picard groups of the moduli spaces of hyperelliptic curves of compact type.
Codimension One Holomorphic Distributions on the Projective Three-space
Authors: Calvo-Andrade Omegar , Corrêa Maurício , Jardim Marcos 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe study codimension one holomorphic distributions on the projective three-space, analyzing the properties of their singular schemes and tangent sheaves. In particular, we provide a classification of codimension one distributions of degree at most 2 with locally free tangent sheaves and show that codimension one distributions of arbitrary degree with only isolated singularities have stable tangent sheaves. Furthermore, we describe the moduli space of distributions in terms of Grothendieck’s Quot-scheme for the tangent bundle. In certain cases, we show that the moduli space of codimension one distributions on the projective space is an irreducible, nonsingular quasi-projective variety. Finally, we prove that every rational foliation and certain logarithmic foliations have stable tangent sheaves.
Physical Activity and Colorectal Cancer Prognosis According to Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells
Authors: Koh Hideo , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Song Mingyang , Liu Li , Cao Yin , Nowak Jonathan A , da Silva Annacarolina , Twombly Tyler , Morikawa Teppei , Kim Sun A , Masugi Yohei , Kosumi Keisuke , Shi Yan , Gu Mancang , Li Wanwan , Du Chunxia , Chen Yang , Li Wenbin , Liu Hongli , Li Chenxi , Wu Kana , Nosho Katsuhiko , Inamura Kentaro , Hanyuda Akiko , Zhang Xuehong , Giannakis Marios , Chan Andrew T , Fuchs Charles S , Nishihara Reiko , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A , Ogino Shuji 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Evidence suggests that high-level physical activity may potentially reduce cancer mortality through its immune enhancement effect. We therefore hypothesized that survival benefits associated with physical activity might be stronger in colorectal carcinomas with lower immune reaction at diagnosis.

Methods
Using molecular pathological epidemiology databases of 470 colon and rectal carcinoma cases in the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we assessed the prognostic association of postdiagnosis physical activity in strata of densities of CD3+ cells, CD8+ cells, CD45RO (PTPRC)+ cells, or FOXP3+ cells in tumor tissue. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to adjust for potential confounders, including microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, long interspersed nucleotide element-1 methylation, KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations, and expression of CTNNB1 (beta-catenin), PTGS2 (cyclooxygenase-2), and IRS1.

Results
The association of postdiagnosis physical activity with colorectal cancer-specific mortality differed by CD3+ cell density (Pinteraction < .001). Multivariable-adjusted colorectal cancer-specific mortality hazard ratios for a quartile-unit increase in physical activity were 0.56 (95% confidence interval = 0.38 to 0.83) among cases with the lowest quartile of CD3+ cell density compared with 1.14 (95% confidence interval = 0.79 to 1.65) in cases with the highest quartile. We observed no differential survival association of physical activity by densities of CD8+ cells, CD45RO+ cells, or FOXP3+ cells.

Conclusions
The association between postdiagnosis physical activity and colorectal cancer survival appeared stronger for carcinomas with lower T cell infiltrates, suggesting an interactive effect of exercise and immunity on colorectal cancer progression.
Change in Survival in Metastatic Breast Cancer with Treatment Advances: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Caswell-Jin Jennifer L , Plevritis Sylvia K , Tian Lu , Cadham Christopher J , Xu Cong , Stout Natasha K , Sledge George W , Mandelblatt Jeanne S , Kurian Allison W 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treatment has changed substantially over time, but we do not know whether survival post-metastasis has improved at the population level.

Methods
We searched for studies of MBC patients that reported survival after metastasis in at least two time periods between 1970 and the present. We used meta-regression models to test for survival improvement over time in four disease groups: recurrent, recurrent estrogen (ER)-positive, recurrent ER-negative, and de novo stage IV. We performed sensitivity analyses based on bias in some studies that could lead earlier cohorts to include more aggressive cancers.

Results
There were 15 studies of recurrent MBC (N = 18 678 patients; 3073 ER-positive and 1239 ER-negative); meta-regression showed no survival improvement among patients recurring between 1980 and 1990, but median survival increased from 21 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 18 to 25) months to 38 (95% CI = 31 to 47) months from 1990 to 2010. For ER-positive MBC patients, median survival increased during 1990–2010 from 32 (95% CI = 23 to 43) to 57 (95% CI = 37 to 87) months, and for ER-negative MBC patients from 14 (95% CI = 11 to 19) to 33 (95% CI = 21 to 51) months. Among eight studies (N = 35 831) of de novo stage IV MBC, median survival increased during 1990–2010 from 20 (95% CI = 16 to 24) to 31 (95% CI = 24 to 39) months. Results did not change in sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion
By bridging studies over time, we demonstrated improvements in survival for recurrent and de novo stage IV MBC overall and across ER-defined subtypes since 1990. These results can inform patient-doctor discussions about MBC prognosis and therapy.
History and Current Trends in the Electronic Cigarette Retail Marketplace in the United States: 2010–2016
Authors: Cantrell Jennifer , Huang Jidong , Greenberg Marisa , Willett Jeffrey , Hair Elizabeth , Vallone Donna 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction
The US market for electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has grown rapidly in the last decade. There is limited published evidence examining changes in the ENDS marketplace prior to the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) deeming rule in 2016. This study describes US ENDS retail market trends from 2010 to 2016.

Methods
National data were obtained from Nielsen retail scanners for five product types: (1) disposables, (2) rechargeables, (3) cartridge replacements, (4) e-liquid bottle refills, and (5) specialty vapor products. We examined dollar sales, volume, price, brand, and flavor.

Results
Adjusted national sales increased from $11.6 million in 2010 to $751.2 million in 2016. The annual rate of sales growth rapidly increased before slowing through 2015. The rate of growth spiked in 2016. Market share for menthol products and other assorted flavors increased from 20% in 2010 to 52.1% by 2016. NJOY’s early market dominance shifted as tobacco industry brands entered the market and eventually captured 87.8% of share by 2016. Rechargeables and accompanying products comprised an increased proportion of total volume sold over time while disposable volume declined. Specialty vapor products appeared at retail in 2015.

Conclusions
Findings show strong early growth in the ENDS retail market followed by considerable slowing over time, despite a slight uptick in 2016. Trends reflect shifts to flavored products, newer generation “open-system” devices, lower prices, and tobacco industry brands. This study provides a baseline against which to compare the impact of FDA’s 2016 deeming rule and future actions on the ENDS marketplace.

Implications
This study uses market scanner data from US retail outlets to describe trends in the ENDS retail market from 2010 to 2016, providing a baseline against which to compare the impact of FDA’s 2016 deeming rule and future actions on the ENDS marketplace. Understanding historical market trends is valuable in assessing how future regulatory efforts and advances in ENDS technology may impact industry response and consumer uptake and use.
Childhood Trauma and Neurocognition in Adults With Psychotic Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Vargas Teresa , Lam Phoebe H , Azis Matilda , Osborne K Juston , Lieberman Amy , Mittal Vijay A 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Characterizing the link between childhood trauma and adult neurocognitive function in psychosis is crucial for improving the fields understanding of how early environmental risk factors impact the presentation of the disorder. To date, the literature has been inconsistent: meta-analytic synthesis is lacking, and it is unclear whether specific cognitive functions are affected.

Methods
A meta-analysis was performed on a total of 3315 subjects with a psychotic disorder. The links between childhood trauma, overall neurocognitive function, and four cognitive subdomains (working memory, executive function, verbal/visual memory, and attention/processing speed) were examined. Relevant sample characteristics and methodological moderators were tested. The strength of the association between trauma and overall neurocognition in individuals with psychotic disorders was also compared to that of healthy controls.

Results
Among individuals with psychotic disorders, there was a significant association between overall cognition and childhood trauma, r = −.055; 95% CI = −0.09, −0.02, P = .002. There was also a modest, negative relationship between childhood trauma and working memory, r = −.091; 95% CI = −0.15, −0.03, P = .002. Moderators did not have a significant effect on these analyses. Further, the association between childhood trauma and neurocognition was significantly stronger in healthy controls compared to patients with a psychotic disorder.

Conclusion
A small negative association was found between overall cognition and childhood trauma in individuals with psychotic disorders. Results suggest the association is less strong for individuals with a psychotic disorder compared to healthy populations. Findings are informative for prominent etiological models of psychosis.
Enhanced recovery after cardiac surgery program to improve patient outcomes
Authors: McConnell Gina , Woltz Patricia , Bradford William T. , Ledford J. Erin , Williams Judson B. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract:
This article details the obstacles of implementing a cardiac-specific enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program in a 919-bed not-for-profit community-based health system and the benefits of ERAS programs for different patient populations.
Sensory Modulation
Authors: Sinclair Cate , Meredith Pamela , Strong Jenny , Chalkiadis George A. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
Sensory modulation patterns contribute to altered pain perception and disengagement in activities; atypical sensory modulation patterns have been associated with higher pain sensitivity, catastrophizing, and reduced function. Objectives of this study were to ascertain whether: adolescents with persistent pain had atypical sensory modulation patterns, atypical sensory modulation was associated with reduced functioning and higher pain, and pain catastrophizing mediated the relationship between sensory modulation and functional disability.

Methods:
Adolescents (N=70, females=63, males=7) attending tertiary level interdisciplinary team assessment for persistent pain completed sensory modulation (Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile), pain catastrophizing (Bath Adolescent Pain Questionnaire), pain intensity, functional disability (Functional Disability Index), and quality of life (QOL) (Pediatric QOL Scales) questionnaires.

Results:
Adolescents with persistent pain had atypical patterns of sensory modulation compared with normative data. Sensory modulation patterns were not associated with pain intensity; however, higher sensitivity was associated with greater disability (r=0.36, P<0.01), and lower registration of sensation was associated with poorer emotional (r=0.31, P<0.01), social (r=0.35, P<0.01), and school-related (r=0.49, P<0.001) QOL. Sensory modulation, pain intensity, and catastrophizing contributed independently to disability; catastrophizing mediated sensory sensitivity and both functional disability and emotional QOL.

Discussion:
This study is the first to show that atypical sensory modulation patterns are associated with poorer function for adolescents with persistent pain, suggesting that individualized sensory-informed interventions can potentially facilitate participation in daily activities and improve QOL.
Zika Virus
Authors: Towers Victoria S. , Goldsmith Melissa , Goldsmith Patricia 
Published: October 2018

Background:
A growing threat to maternal–fetal health, the most recent and largest outbreak of the Zika virus disease has introduced the devastating fetal effects of microcephaly and other central nervous system deficits.

Purpose:
This brief outlines a history of Zika virus disease, its known effects, best practice recommendations for providers to educate patients, and information for individuals on how to protect themselves.

Methods/Search Strategy:
A search of the literature using the databases PubMed, UptoDate, and CINAHL was conducted for articles published between 2009 and 2016. Key informant interviews with clinical genetics and public health professionals were conducted.

Findings/Results:
The proposed best practice recommendations for education regarding the Zika virus disease and appropriate prevention and treatment methods are outlined.

Implications for Practice:
As the Zika virus continues to spread and further research is conducted regarding its teratogenic effects, the need for concise and effective education is critical to raise awareness, decrease the potential for maternal exposure, and reduce fetal risks.

Implications for Research:
Therefore, the need for appropriate recognition, treatment, management, and prevention of the Zika virus disease prompts the necessity for further education and high-quality level research to be conducted and utilized.
Correlation of Premature Infant Sleep/Wakefulness and Noise Levels in the Presence or Absence of “Quiet Time”
Authors: Pugliesi Raiani Roberta , Campillos Michelle Siqueira , Calado Orsi Kelly Cristina Sbampato , Avena Marta José , Pradella-Hallinan Marcia Lurdes de Cacia , Tsunemi Miriam Harumi , Avelar Ariane Ferreira Machado , Pinheiro Eliana Moreira 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Peak sound levels during sleep can compromise the development of hospitalized infants. Quiet time is a strategy implemented in neonatal units to promote the sleeping of neonates by reducing noise levels, luminosity, and handling during particular periods of the day.

Purpose:
To determine the impact of quiet time on reducing sound levels and increasing total sleep time.

Methods:
This longitudinal study was conducted at a neonatal intermediate care unit with a convenience sample of 12 premature infants. Four times per day, 60-minute quiet times were provided in the neonatal unit. Sleep-awake states and sound levels were evaluated during quiet times as well as 60 minutes before and afterward. Polysomnography was used for sleep-awake state assessment, and a noise dosimeter was used to check sound levels every 24 hours.

Results:
The preterm infants had a corrected gestational age of 35.0 ± 1.5 weeks and weighed 1606.0 ± 317.8 g. Total sleep time was highest during quiet time (P = .005). Premature infants remained awake for longer following quiet times (P = .005). There was also a reduction in sound level during quiet times compared with the other time frames (P = .006). No statistically significant relationship was found between total sleep time and sound levels more than 24 hours.

Implications for Practice:
Quiet time is a nursing intervention that should be implemented in all neonatal units.

Implications for Research:
Future research should use a greater sample size and other factors that influence sleep should be further investigated.
The Effects of Dynamic-range Automatic Gain Control on Sentence Intelligibility With a Speech Masker in Simulated Cochlear Implant Listening
Authors: Spencer Nathaniel J. , Tillery Kate Helms , Brown Christopher A. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
“Channel-linked” and “multi-band” front-end automatic gain control (AGC) were examined as alternatives to single-band, channel-unlinked AGC in simulated bilateral cochlear implant (CI) processing. In channel-linked AGC, the same gain control signal was applied to the input signals to both of the two CIs (“channels”). In multi-band AGC, gain control acted independently on each of a number of narrow frequency regions per channel.

Design:
Speech intelligibility performance was measured with a single target (to the left, at -15 or -30°) and a single, symmetrically-opposed masker (to the right) at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of -2 decibels. Binaural sentence intelligibility was measured as a function of whether channel linking was present and of the number of AGC bands. Analysis of variance was performed to assess condition effects on percent correct across the two spatial arrangements, both at a high and a low AGC threshold. Acoustic analysis was conducted to compare postcompressed better-ear SNR, interaural differences, and monaural within-band envelope levels across processing conditions.

Results:
Analyses of variance indicated significant main effects of both channel linking and number of bands at low threshold, and of channel linking at high threshold. These improvements were accompanied by several acoustic changes. Linked AGC produced a more favorable better-ear SNR and better preserved broadband interaural level difference statistics, but did not reduce dynamic range as much as unlinked AGC. Multi-band AGC sometimes improved better-ear SNR statistics and always improved broadband interaural level difference statistics whenever the AGC channels were unlinked. Multi-band AGC produced output envelope levels that were higher than single-band AGC.

Conclusions:
These results favor strategies that incorporate channel-linked AGC and multi-band AGC for bilateral CIs. Linked AGC aids speech intelligibility in spatially separated speech, but reduces the degree to which dynamic range is compressed. Combining multi-band and channel-linked AGC offsets the potential impact of diminished dynamic range with linked AGC without sacrificing the intelligibility gains observed with linked AGC.
Comparison of impact energy absorbance by various combinations of hip protector and flooring material
Authors: Hughes David , Nabhani Farhad 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Understanding the nature of blunt force trauma and the energies involved is key to their effective attenuation. This study compares and analyzes the energy absorbance of various combinations of hip protectors and flooring materials to identify fracture prevention design variables.

Methods:
Testing was performed using a dynamic impact rig instrumented with linear encoders and a piezoelectric impact load cell, which allows for high rate of force and displacement measurements to be achieved during impact. Results show the effects of deceleration rate on peak load and measurably define the impact patterns for a range of protective materials, with compliant flooring and hip protectors reducing impact forces below the suggested fracture threshold (3742N).

Results:
The force reduction provided by a hip protector depends on the type of flooring and is greatest for falls onto carpet with a foam underlay. A combination of soft-shell protector with carpet and underlay showed the highest force attenuation (68%).

Conclusions:
The study showed that the effective selection and implementation of hip protectors in homes and care facilities must include the consideration of flooring type. The identification of peak deceleration rates also will inform the future development of multi-material protective aids.