bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A business frame perspective on why perceptions of top management's bottom‐line mentality result in employees’ good and bad behaviors
Authors: Babalola Mayowa T. , Greenbaum Rebecca L. , Amarnani Rajiv K. , Shoss Mindy K. , Deng Yingli , Garba Omale A. , Guo Liang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEmerging research suggests that bottom‐line mentalities (BLMs) (i.e., a sole focus on bottom‐line outcomes to the exclusion of other considerations) can have dysfunctional consequences within the workplace. However, research has yet to consider how and why BLMs may result in both beneficial and dysfunctional organizational outcomes. In the present research, we examine employees’ perceptions of top management's BLM as a type of business frame that results in two cognitive states. Under the influence of this business frame, employees may adopt a mental preoccupation with work (i.e., a state of ongoing work‐related cognitions) that propels beneficial employee outcomes by reducing customer incivility and enhancing customer service performance. Yet, also in response to top management's high BLM as a business frame, employees may adopt self‐interest cognitions (i.e., a cognitive state of self‐interest) that instigate customer‐directed unethical conduct. Across two field studies, we found general support for our hypotheses. Taken together, our findings suggest that perceptions of top management's high BLM can be a mixed blessing in that it may drive employees to adopt focused work efforts (mental preoccupation with work), but also self‐interest cognitions, with each cognitive state predicting beneficial or dysfunctional behaviors. We discuss the implications of these findings and directions for future research.
Perpetration of sibling aggression and sibling relationship quality in emerging adulthood
Authors: Tucker Corinna J. , Sharp Erin H. , Van Gundy Karen T. , Rebellon Cesar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study examined how emerging adults' perpetration of aggression toward a sibling closest in age was longitudinally associated with their sibling relationship quality. Emerging adults (N = 143; Mage = 19.62; 70% female) completed surveys online or by mail at two time points, 4 years apart. Of emerging adults, 25% perpetrated aggression against their closest‐in‐age sibling. Perpetration of sibling aggression was predictive 4 years later of less sibling warmth, involvement, and emotional help. None of the interactions with gender and sibling gender was significant. This study's findings demonstrate the importance of examining the consequences of perpetration of aggressive behavior toward a sibling for sibling relationship quality in emerging adulthood.
Toll‐like receptors: The role in bladder cancer development, progression and immunotherapy
Authors: Ohadian Moghadam Solmaz , Nowroozi Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBladder cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The main immune mechanisms which lead to bladder cancer development or treatment outcomes have yet to be elucidated. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) play key roles against cancer. TLRs are expressed both on immune cells and on tumour cells and drive immune responses in progression as well as treatment of cancer. Identification of signalling pathways via TLRs could revolutionize further improvement of therapeutic strategies against cancers in the future. According to the recent studies, TLRs agonists are effective immunostimulants and have important role in induction of immune responses with immunotherapeutic potential against several diseases including cancer. They play an important role in the bladder urothelium as a part of immune defence against uropathogens. On the other hand, decreased TLRs expression was found in bladder tumours, particularly in non‐muscle‐invasive ones. Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) (agonist of TLR2 and TLR4) is approved by US FDA for immunotherapy of bladder cancer. Despite high efficiency, immunotherapy with BCG may cause toxicity and adverse effects. Nowadays, in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted to find alternative options for non‐responder patients. Studies on TLR agonists for bladder cancer treatment have shown promising results. In this review, we discuss recent data about mechanisms played by TLRs in bladder cancer developments as well as therapeutic application of TLR agonists in cancer treatment.
Retrospective evaluation of factors associated with degree of esophagitis, treatment, and outcomes in dogs presenting with esophageal foreign bodies (2004–2014): 114 cases
Authors: Bongard Abigail B. , Furrow Eva , Granick Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize a population of dogs presenting for esophageal foreign body removal and evaluate factors associated with degree of esophagitis and minor and major complications.DesignRetrospective evaluation of dogs who presented for esophageal foreign body removal between January 2004 and December 2014.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsData collected from 114 dogs included signalment, history, clinical signs, physical examination findings, duration and location of foreign body, degree of esophagitis, foreign body removal success, feeding tube placement, and clinical outcomes. Owners were contacted for outcome data not available in the medical record. Data were analyzed for breed predispositions, whether duration or type of foreign body was associated with degree of esophagitis or complications, and factors associated with feeding tube placement.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsThe overall success rate for foreign body removal via esophagoscopy was 95% with a complication rate of 22%. Small breed dogs were overrepresented. Dogs with a foreign body present for >24 h were significantly more likely to have severe esophagitis (P< 0.001) and major complications (P= 0.0044). Foreign body type did not predict degree of esophagitis or complications, though fishhooks were more likely to require surgical removal (P= 0.033). Feeding tubes (15 gastrostomy, 1 nasoesophageal) were placed in 14% of dogs and were more likely to be placed if the foreign body had been present for >24 h (P< 0.001).ConclusionsConsistent with previous studies, esophageal foreign bodies, appropriately identified and endoscopically removed, carry a good prognosis, particularly if they have been present for ≤24 h.
A pilot study evaluating the effect of mannitol and hypertonic saline solution in the treatment of increased intracranial pressure in 2 cats and 1 dog naturally affected by traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ballocco Isabella , Evangelisti Maria Antonietta , Deiana Roberta , Cubeddu Francesca , Pinna Parpaglia Maria Luisa , Serra Giovanna , Carta Giovanni , Manunta Maria Lucia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of iso‐osmolar doses of 18% mannitol and 3% sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions in decreasing intracranial pressure (ICP) in animals with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).DesignProspective uncontrolled interventional study.SettingVeterinary university teaching hospital.AnimalsTwo cats and 1 dog with TBI with a modified Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤8 after hemodynamic stabilization, and with brain magnetic resonance imaging changes suggestive of intracranial hypertension.InterventionsAnimals were surgically instrumented for direct ICP measurement, then randomly treated with iso‐osmolar doses of 18% mannitol or 3% NaCl. Direct ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were recorded both before treatment and for 120 minutes following drug administration.Measurements and Main ResultsDirect ICP and CPP were recorded both before treatment and at 5 additional time points following administration over the subsequent 120 minutes. Case 1 received 3% NaCl without any response to therapy; refractory posttraumatic hypertension was suspected. Case 2 was treated with 3% NaCl; ICP decreased by 40.7% and CPP increased by 15%; however, these effects were transient. Case 3 received 18% mannitol, and ICP decreased by 19% and CPP increased to normal. However, there was a rebound increase in ICP that was higher than pretreatment values, and CPP decreased slightly before it gradually increased to normal values towards the end of the study.ConclusionsBoth mannitol and hypertonic saline decrease ICP and improve CPP, but the effect observed in this pilot study suggests that there might be differences in the duration of these effects. Appropriately designed studies in a larger and homogeneous population are warranted to further investigate these findings.
Precapillary pulmonary gas exchange is similar for oxygen and inert gases
Authors: Stickland Michael K. , Tedjasaputra Vincent , Fuhr Desi P. , Wagner Harrieth E. , Collins Sophie É. , Byers Bradley W. , Wagner Peter D. , Hopkins Susan R. 
Published: August 2019

Key points
Precapillary gas exchange for oxygen has been documented in both humans and animals.
It has been suggested that, if precapillary gas exchange occurs to a greater extent for inert gases than for oxygen, shunt and its effects on arterial oxygenation may be underestimated by the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET).
We evaluated fractional precapillary gas exchange in canines for O2 and two inert gases, sulphur hexafluoride and ethane, by measuring these gases in the proximal pulmonary artery, distal pulmonary artery (1 cm proximal to the wedge position) and systemic artery.
Some 12–19% of pulmonary gas exchange occurred within small (1.7 mm in diameter or larger) pulmonary arteries and this was quantitatively similar for oxygen, sulphur hexafluoride and ethane.
Under these experimental conditions, this suggests only minor effects of precapillary gas exchange on the magnitude of calculated shunt and the associated effect on pulmonary gas exchange estimated by MIGET.
AbstractSome pulmonary gas exchange is known to occur proximal to the pulmonary capillary, although the magnitude of this gas exchange is uncertain, and it is unclear whether oxygen and inert gases are similarly affected. This has implications for measuring shunt and associated gas exchange consequences. By measuring respiratory and inert gas levels in the proximal pulmonary artery (P), a distal pulmonary artery 1 cm proximal to the wedge position (using a 5‐F catheter) (D) and a systemic artery (A), we evaluated precapillary gas exchange in 27 paired samples from seven anaesthetized, ventilated canines. Fractional precapillary gas exchange (F) was quantified for each gas as F = (P – D)/(P – A). The lowest solubility inert gases, sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and ethane were used because, with higher solubility gases, the P–A difference is sufficiently small that experimental error prevents accurate assessment of F. Distal samples (n = 12) with oxygen (O2) saturation values that were (within experimental error) equal to or above systemic arterial values, suggestive of retrograde capillary blood aspiration, were discarded, leaving 15 for analysis. D was significantly lower than P for SF6 (D/P = 88.6 ± 18.1%; P = 0.03) and ethane (D/P = 90.6 ± 16.0%; P = 0.04), indicating partial excretion of inert gas across small pulmonary arteries. Distal pulmonary arterial O2 saturation was significantly higher than proximal (74.1 ± 6.8% vs. 69.0 ± 4.9%; P = 0.03). Fractional precapillary gas exchange was similar for SF6, ethane and O2 (0.12 ± 0.19, 0.12 ± 0.20 and 0.19 ± 0.26, respectively; P = 0.54). Under these experimental conditions, 12–19% of pulmonary gas exchange occurs within the small pulmonary arteries and the extent is similar between oxygen and inert gases.
Rowing Over the Edge: Nonfunctional Overreaching and Overtraining Syndrome as Maladjustment—Diagnosis and Treatment From a Psychological Perspective
Authors: Birrer Daniel 
Published: August 2019

A rigorous training schedule with insufficient recovery can lead to nonfunctional overreaching (NFOR) or overtraining syndrome (OTS). Research has suggested the multifactorial etiology of these phenomena. Stressors that contribute to and are symptoms and consequences of NFOR and OTS and adjustment disorder are almost identical. In this case study of an elite rower, the author illustrates an intervention approach that can be taken when overtraining is viewed as a sport-specific form of adjustment disorder. The intervention involved treatment that improved the athlete’s awareness of his basic biopsychosocial processes, developed sources of self-worth beyond athletic performance, and challenged his 1-dimensional athletic identity. The intervention included cognitive-behavioral therapy methods (e.g., autogenic training) and mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions to enhance the athlete’s psychological flexibility. Mood monitoring was used as a diagnostic and evaluative instrument. Intervention effectiveness was evaluated through an in-depth interview with the athlete. The consulting sport psychologist also engaged in reflection about treatment effectiveness and predominant challenges. Challenging the athlete and clarifying his personal values were judged to be very important. Evaluation suggested that viewing NFOR and OTS as forms of adjustment disorder may help us recognize the multifaceted nature of an athlete’s maladjusted state and widen treatment options.
Higher baseline fat oxidation promotes gynoid fat mobilization in response to a 12-week exercise intervention in sedentary, obese black South African women
Authors: Clamp Louise D. , Mendham Amy E. , Kroff Jacolene , Goedecke Julia H. 
Published: August 2019

This 12-week exercise intervention study assessed changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), energy expenditure (EE), and substrate utilisation at rest and during exercise in obese, black South African (SA) women and explored associations with changes in body composition. Black SA women (body mass index: 30–40 kg·m−2, age: 20–35 years) were randomised into control (CTL; n = 15, maintaining usual activity) or exercise (EXE; n = 20; 12 weeks, 4 days·week−1, 40–60 min·day−1 at >70% peak heart rate) groups. Pre- and post-intervention testing included peak oxygen consumption, resting and steady state (50% peak oxygen consumption) EE, respiratory exchange, and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry). Dietary intake (4-day) and daily step-count (ActivPAL, activPAL3c; PAL Technologies Ltd, Glasgow, UK) was collected at pre-testing and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. EXE increased peak oxygen consumption (24.9 ± 2.4 to 27.6 ± 3.4 mL·min−1·kg−1; p < 0.001) and steady state fat oxidation rates (7.5 ± 2.5 to 9.0 ± 2.7 mg·min−1·kg−1 fat-free soft tissue mass; p = 0.003) (same relative exercise intensity). CTL remained unchanged (p > 0.05). EXE reduced proportional gynoid fat mass (percentage total fat mass, p = 0.002). Baseline resting carbohydrate oxidation rates (p = 0.036) and steady state fat oxidation rates (p = 0.021) explained 60.6% of the variability in Δgynoid fat mass (p < 0.001) in EXE. This 12-week exercise intervention improved CRF and steady state fat oxidation rates. Greater reliance on fat oxidation at baseline promoted proportional reductions in gynoid, not visceral, fat mass in response to exercise training. Novelty Combined exercise training in obese black South African women increased cardiorespiratory fitness and rates of fat oxidation during steady state exercise. Exercise training reduced proportional gynoid, not visceral, fat, potentially representing an ethnic/sex-specific response. Baseline substrate utilisation (resting and steady state exercise (50% peak oxygen uptake)) predicted changes in gynoid fat mass.
Detection and Classification of High Impedance Fault in Power Distribution System using Hybrid Technique
Authors: Narasimhulu N. , Ashok Kumar D. V. , Vijaya Kumar M. 
Published: August 2019

In this paper, a hybrid strategy is introduced for detecting and classifying the High Impedance Fault in Power Distribution System. For hybridization, Gravitational Search Algorithm is combined with Artificial Neural Network to crease the classification performance. The ANN is utilized to characterize the blame signal from the reference signal and the execution is enhanced in view of the GSA calculation. The yield of the proposed method is recognized and arranged whether it is HIF fault or no-fault. At first, the ordinary practices of the appropriation framework are assessed. After that, the deficiencies are connected and the signals are measured. At that point, these are given to the contribution of the enhanced ANN procedure, which gives the dataset to breaking down the framework exhibitions. Finally, the proposed strategy is implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink model and its execution is assessed and compared with other conventional techniques like DWT-ANFIS, DWT-RBFFN, MWT-ANFIS, and MWT-FLC based GA. From the experimental results, it shows that the proposed method achieved better performance than existing methods.
Long-Term Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Among Cross-Country Skiers
Authors: Svedberg Niclas , Sundström Johan , James Stefan , Hållmarker Ulf , Hambraeus Kristina , Andersen Kasper 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Studies have revealed a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation among well-trained athletes. We aim to investigate associations of endurance training with incidence of atrial fibrillation and stroke and to establish potential sex differences of such associations in a cohort of endurance trained athletes.

Methods:
All Swedish skiers (208 654) completing 1 or more races in the 30 to 90 km cross-country skiing event Vasaloppet (1989–2011) and a matched sample (n=527 448) of nonskiers were followed until first event of atrial fibrillation or stroke. Cox regression was used to investigate associations of number of completed races and finishing time with incidence of atrial fibrillation and stroke.

Results:
Female skiers in Vasaloppet had a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation than did female nonskiers (hazard ratio [HR], 0.55; 95% CI, 0.48–0.64), independent of finishing time and number of races. Male skiers had a similar incidence to that of nonskiers (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.93–1.03). Skiers with the highest number of races or fastest finishing times had the highest incidence. Skiers of either sex had a lower incidence of stroke than did nonskiers (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.60–0.67), independent of the number of races and finishing time. Skiers with atrial fibrillation had higher incidence of stroke than did skiers and nonskiers without atrial fibrillation (men: HR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.93–2.70; women: HR, 3.51; 95% CI, 2.17–5.68; skiers with atrial fibrillation vs. skiers without atrial fibrillation). After diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, skiers with atrial fibrillation had a lower incidence of stroke (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.50–0.91) and lower mortality compared with nonskiers with atrial fibrillation (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.49–0.65).

Conclusions:
Female skiers in Vasaloppet had lower incidence of atrial fibrillation and stroke. Male skiers had similar incidence of atrial fibrillation and lower risk of stroke. Men with higher number of races and faster finishing times had the highest incidence of atrial fibrillation. After diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, skiers had lower incidence of stroke and death than did nonskiers with atrial fibrillation. This indicates that although on an individual level atrial fibrillation in well-trained individuals is associated with higher incidence of stroke, on population level, risk of stroke is low and that exercise should not be avoided.
The Geometry of Neutral Paths
Authors: Bennett Andrew F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCarathéodory’s axiomatic development of thermodynamics is applied here to the thermohaline circulation of the ocean. The helicity of the differential form for the density change in an isentropic and isohaline ascent, relative to the change in the water column, does not vanish since the ratio of the thermal and haline compressibilities is a function of pressure. The form for relative density consequently lacks an integrating denominator and so there are no surfaces of constant relative density, or so-called neutral surfaces (McDougall and Jackett). As a consequence of a remarkable theorem (Carathéodory), any two points in the thermohaline state space or equivalently in the real space of the ocean are mutually accessible, in the sense that they can be joined by a neutral path. Many of the paths between any two points and possibly all may only be piecewise smooth. The theorem is supported here with analytical examples of neutral paths in state space, and a numerical example of an idealized ocean in real space, for all of which the seawater obeys a relatively simple equation of state. The existence of multiple neutral paths for pairs of close points is explicitly demonstrated. Some such neutral paths take large excursions throughout state space and throughout the ocean basin. The implications for hydrography and for ocean modeling are discussed.
Microphysical and Dynamical Effects of Mixed-Phase Hydrometeors in Convective Storms Using a Bin Microphysics Model: Melting
Authors: Kacan Kevin G. , Lebo Zachary J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe dynamics of convective systems are inherently linked to microphysical processes through phase changes that result in warming or cooling. This is especially true of near-surface cooling via evaporation and melting of falling hydrometeors. In most numerical simulations, the melting of frozen hydrometeors (e.g., hail, graupel, snow) is computed within parameterized bulk microphysics schemes, many of which lack the ability to accurately represent mixed-phase hydrometeors (i.e., partially melted ice), which can affect hydrometeor sedimentation, melting, and evaporation of shed drops. To better understand the microphysical and dynamical effects of melting in convective storms, a bin microphysics scheme was used in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model for two idealized cases: a supercell storm and a squall line. Physically based predicted liquid fraction, instantaneous melting, and instantaneous shedding schemes were used to examine the role and importance of melting hydrometeors for these two storm modes. The results suggest that the amount of precipitation is dependent on the representation of melting. Moreover, the dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of the simulated storms are found to differ substantially between the melting scenarios, resulting in varied storm system evolution; these differences are found to be dependent on the ambient aerosol concentration, although the differences induced by changing the representation of melting generally outweigh those of changing the aerosol loading. The results highlight the large role of melting in convective storm characteristics and suggest that further model improvements are needed in the near future.
Stevens–Johnson syndrome and acute vanishing bile duct syndrome after the use of amoxicillin and naproxen in a child
Authors: Li Lu , Zheng Sujun , Chen Yu 
Published: August 2019

We present the case report of a 6-year-old patient who developed Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and acute vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) after taking oral amoxicillin and naproxen. SJS, an immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction involving the skin and mucosa, is usually drug-induced, and it can lead to systemic symptoms. Acute VBDS is rare, often presenting with progressive loss of the intrahepatic biliary tract. VBDS is an immune-mediated bile duct-associated disease, and immunological damage to the bile duct system is an important mechanism for VBDS. Serious drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is also associated with immunity. The drug acts as a hapten with keratin on the surface of biliary epithelial cells. The autoantibodies produced by this action can damage the bile duct epithelial cells and cause the bile duct to disappear. SJS is a serious type of polymorphic erythema that is mainly considered to be a hypersensitivity reaction to drugs, and it may involve multiple factors.  The patient in this case report was treated with glucocorticoids, plasma exchange, ursodeoxycholic acid, and traditional Chinese medicine. He recovered completely within 5 months. This case report indicates that caution should be used because amoxicillin and naproxen can cause SJS and VBDS in children.