bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ribosome pausing, a dangerous necessity for co-translational events
Authors: Collart Martine A , Weiss Benjamin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent years translation elongation has emerged as an important contributor to the regulation of gene expression. There are multiple quality control checkpoints along the way of producing mature proteins and targeting them to the right cellular compartment, or associating them correctly with their partners. Ribosomes pause to allow co-translational protein folding, protein targeting or protein interactions, and the pausing is dictated by a combination of the mRNA sequence and structure, the tRNA availability and the nascent peptide. However, ribosome pausing can also lead to ribosome collisions and co-translational degradation of both mRNA and nascent chain. Understanding how the translating ribosome tunes the different maturation steps that nascent proteins must undergo, what the timing of these maturation events is, and how degradation can be avoided when pausing is needed, is now possible by the emergence of methods to follow ribosome dynamics in vivo. This review summarizes some of the recent studies that have advanced our knowledge about co-translational events using the power of ribosome profiling, and some of the questions that have emerged from these studies.
The Fear of Teachers’ Religious Identity
Authors: Glanzer Perry L. , Alleman Nathan F. , Marsden George 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter outlines the origins of the tension purported to exist between being a teacher and a Christian. More explicitly, it explores how the tension between religiously identity-informed teaching and identity-informed teaching emerged. Beginning with the early European context and concluding with the current American postmodernist landscape, it argues that the idea that teachers should somehow not integrate their religious identity into their teaching is a recent development. The contemporary counterargument for reintegrating one’s religious identity into one’s teaching draws upon older ideals but also differs from these ideals in important ways. The chapter concludes by describing the similarities and differences between the older and newer arguments for integrating one’s religious identity with one’s teaching.
Thinking and Acting Christianly in the Classroom
Authors: Glanzer Perry L. , Alleman Nathan F. , Marsden George 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines what Christian identity means for actual classroom practice with regard to pedagogy, ethics, and modeling. The survey respondents’ approaches fell into the categories of spiritual addition and Christian transformation described in the previous chapter. The spiritual addition professors mentioned that they added a particular spiritual practice such as devotional Bible reading or prayer, or shared the personal story of their own Christian conversion to their classes. In contrast, Christian transformation educators demonstrated three unique pedagogical approaches related to: (1) their meaning and purpose, (2) their content, and (3) their method of interpretation. Fundamentally, the chapter argues that Christian teachers must view their task as more than helping advance a profession, providing students with academic capacities, or creating citizens. They must understand themselves and their students as God’s image bearers, helping them to experience human flourishing both inside and outside of the classroom.
Is There Really Baptist, Catholic, or Quaker Teaching?
Authors: Glanzer Perry L. , Alleman Nathan F. , Marsden George 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the explicit role one’s particular identities and their associated denominational traditions play in the practice of teaching. The analysis found four types of claims professors made when describing the influence of a particular Christian tradition on aspects of their teaching: (1) common theological beliefs; (2) common ethical teachings; (3) theological beliefs shared by groups of Christian traditions; and (4) distinct denominational emphases, which included differences of opinion on God’s role in the metanarrative, sources of wisdom, and the ultimate ends of teaching. Overall, although professors identified a range of tradition-related distinctives, some comments proved less specific to particular denominational traditions and more applicable to the general Christian tradition. It is important to understand these distinctions because teachers are usually not simply “Christian”; they also identify with particular Christian traditions, which affect their pedagogy, classroom practices, and interactions with students.
The South and the Transformation of U.S. Politics
Authors: Bullock Charles S. , MacManus Susan A. , Mayer Jeremy D. , Rozell Mark J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Analyzing and explaining the transformation of U.S. politics since the explosive events of 1968 requires particular attention to the South—the states of the former Confederacy. Indeed, a strong case can be made that the South has had the greatest impact on the transformation of U.S politics and government. Since 1968 we have seen the demise of the “sold (Democratic) South” and the rise of the Republican-dominated South, the rise of the largely southern white evangelical religious right movement, and vast demographic changes that have altered the political landscape of the region and national politics. Overriding all of these changes is the major constant of southern politics—race. Demographic trends portend new major shifts in the politics of the South that will have profound impacts on US government and politics. The chapters in this book explain how the South has fundamentally changed in the past half century and how that has dramatically altered US national politics.
The Changing Demographics of the South and Its Impact on National Politics
Authors: Bullock Charles S. , MacManus Susan A. , Mayer Jeremy D. , Rozell Mark J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The South has grown more in the past fifty years than any other region, leading to major changes in its economy and the racial/ethnic, gender, generational, socioeconomic, and political composition of its electorate. In the fifty years since the civil rights movement and Martin Luther King Jr.’s assassination, the South’s politics have become more polarized, with sharp differences by race, place of birth, age, education, income, and gender. Most of the changes occurred during a period of realignment, during which Republicans expanded their regional dominance. But continued in-migration, accompanied by economic diversification and racial/ethnic and generational shifts, is beginning to push the political pendulum in the opposite direction. This “redirection” is most noticeable in the region’s high growth states, particularly in their fast-growing metropolitan areas characterized by larger concentrations of young, minority (and more Democratic-leaning) voters. Overall, this chapter lends credibility to the “demographics is destiny” thesis.
The Changing Politics of Race in the South and Its Impact on National Politics
Authors: Bullock Charles S. , MacManus Susan A. , Mayer Jeremy D. , Rozell Mark J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The long era of racial segregation and black voter suppression coincided with the old “Solid South” of Democratic dominance of the region. Among African Americans who could vote, they were loyal to the GOP, the party of Lincoln. The Voting Rights Act (VRA) and the civil rights movement more generally moved Southern blacks to the Democratic Party. The emergence of African American voters’ rights and their realigning to the Democratic Party have had the most profound impact on the politics of the region of the past half century. Today, Southern African Americans vote at about the same rate as whites and in some recent presidential elections have exceeded white participation. As whites realigned to the GOP, African Americans became a key component of the Democratic Party dominance of the South, with substantial influence on legislative priorities.
Books Buried in the Earth
Authors: Sayre Jillian 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This essay reads The Book of Mormon as productive of a structure of mourning, spoken through and effected by the historical romance. It considers not only how individuals come together in religious and national groups, but also the important role that textual artifacts play in those social identifications. The essay identifies shared concerns in structure, topic, and trope between this religious text and the exceedingly popular historical romance that circulated at the same time. The Book of Mormon imbues the American landscape with an antique grandeur, calling upon the contemporary reader to mourn for the communities it describes. But even as the reader volunteers identification by mourning, he or she already has been spoken into the text by the prophets. The romantic structure of prophecy in The Book of Mormon, this essay argues, foretells the reader, thus making of the postrevolutionary subject a historical inevitability emanating from the land itself.
Kinship, The Book of Mormon, and Modern Revelation
Authors: Bentley Nancy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
What relations do modern Americans have to dead ancestors? In the first half of the nineteenth century, this question preoccupied authors of many stripes, from ethnologist Lewis Henry Morgan, to Iroquois prophet Handsome Lake. Both from rural New York, Morgan and Handsome Lake each grappled with the effects of white settlers’ occupation of indigenous homelands by turning to questions of kinship. When The Book of Mormon was published in 1830, it too turned to the deep history of human kinship forms to define how red and white Americans were bound together by vexed ties of violence and habitation of the same land. This ancient Amerindian history told a story of how personal agency and private families could transform “backward” tribes into free people. It reconnected secular doctrines of free agency with Christian theology, disclosing the theological origins of secular thought about kinship. But while this “American Bible” shared key assumptions with Morgan’s secular kinship theory, its status as modern revelation left the Mormon faithful vulnerable to being dismissed and displaced.
Preserving Islamic Tradition
Authors: Spannaus Nathan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Abu Nasr Qursawi (1776–1812) was a major figure in the history of the Muslim communities of the Russian Empire. An important religious scholar, he wrote works calling for the reform of the Islamic scholarly tradition that shaped the religious discourse of these communities into the 20th century. Qursawi focused on the construction of Islamic scholarship in the postclassical period (14th–19th centuries), criticizing scholars’ overreliance on taqlid, which had led them to hold incorrect theological views and prevented them from engaging with scripture in legal interpretation (through ijtihad). He argued that all scholarly positions must be verified (tahqiq) to ensure their correctness, and ijtihad was an obligation upon all Muslims to determine their own actions. Though critical, his reformism was grounded within the existing scholarly tradition, and its content was not subject to European influence. Nevertheless, it can be seen as a response to the incorporation of Islamic institutions into the bureaucracy of the Russian imperial state in the late 18th century, which remade the exercise of Islamic law and religious authority in the empire. This book analyzes his reformism in reference to its antecedents and sources and in light of these historical shifts. It also addresses the issue of modernity, arguing that although his reformism is grounded in the postclassical tradition, it is also an early example of Islamic modernism. It is, however, distinct from Jadidism, the 20th-century reform movement, despite frequent claims to contrary, as Jadidism instead grew out of transformations in the Volga-Ural religious environment postdating Qursawi.
Paying for the Past
Authors: Roberts Julian V. , Frase Richard S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Virtually all modern sentencing systems consider the offender’s prior record to be an important determinant of the form and severity of punishment, often carrying more weight than the crime being sentenced. Repeat offenders “pay for their past,” even though they have already been punished for their prior crimes. And the majority of sentenced offenders have at least one prior conviction. This topic thus lies at the heart of the sentencing process; every well-designed sentencing scheme needs to have a carefully conceived approach to the use of prior convictions. But the vast literature on sentencing policy, law, and practice has generally overlooked this issue. Moreover, the apparent justifications for prior record enhancement—the repeat offender’s assumed greater culpability and risk of re-offending—are uncertain, and have rarely been subjected to critical appraisal. Nor has sufficient attention been paid to the substantial negative consequences of such enhancements, which: increase the size and expense of prison populations; impose penalties disproportionate to offense severity; fill prisons with nonviolent and aging, lower-risk offenders; increase racial disproportionality in prison populations; and undermine offenders’ efforts to reintegrate into society. This book focuses on prior record enhancements under sentencing guidelines systems in the United States because sentencing rules operate more transparently in those systems. But the policy implications are much broader. Similar enhancements are informally applied, with substantial impacts, when judges sentence without guidelines. And most jurisdictions have statutes (three-strikes and career-offender laws; higher penalties for second and subsequent violations) that impose much more severe penalties on repeat offenders.
The Life of Guy
Authors: Metcalf Allan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This book is about the name “Guy” and its slow, mostly unnoticed development over four centuries since it began on November 5, 1605, with the suddenly famous Guy Fawkes, who was arrested just in time just before he could light the fuse on 36 barrels of gunpowder to blow up the House of Lords. During those four centuries, “Guy” became “guy,” the name for an effigy of Guy Fawkes burned at bonfires every November 5 since. The effigy was called a “guy,” so that more than one effigy would be “guys,” Then, slowly, “guy” extended its signification into a name for a ragged, lower-class male, then any strangely dressed male, then a neutral everyday word for just any male, a “guy.” To top it off, the 20th century extended the plural “guys” or “you guys” to include all human beings, even women speaking to groups of women. None of these developments were made deliberately; the word just quietly slipped by, except for opposition from some Southerners and feminists who objected to it on the grounds that it wasn’t “y’all” and it wasn’t gender neutral. It has become all the more entrenched because now it’s the standard second-person plural pronoun for most of us who speak English.
Reformation
Authors: Metcalf Allan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Henry VIII, king of England from 1509 to 1547, ought to be held responsible for the “guy” and “guys” we say nowadays. Guy Fawkes’s terrorist attack in 1605 would not even have been imaginable in the peaceable religious climate of England before 1533. Until then, Henry had been an informed, devout Catholic. But in the 1530s, wanting a male heir that his first wife Catherine couldn’t provide, he asked the pope for an annulment of that marriage so he could marry Anne Boleyn and have a legitimate male heir with her. When the pope wouldn’t oblige, Henry disavowed allegiance to the pope and declared himself supreme head of the church in England. Until then, everyone in England had been Catholic; now officially nobody could. That caused bitter conflicts. After Henry’s death in 1547 the church became strongly Protestant under King Edward VI, then strongly Catholic under Mary, and more moderate, though still staunchly anti-papal, under Elizabeth. For good measure, the English church was under attack on the other flank by the extreme Protestant Puritans. None of the Protestant versions satisfied Catholics, who tried plot after plot to unseat the queen and restore Catholicism. That was the explosive fuel that ignited the Gunpowder Treason Plot of 1605.
Ladies and Gentlemen
Authors: Metcalf Allan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the 20th century, “guys” continued its expansion, becoming less particular as it grew more general. This chapter illustrates this development with many examples. At first there are a few outliers with an extended meaning, then more, until the extended is included without calling attention to it. “Guy” and “guys” first extended their meaning to encompass every male, infant to geezer. In the process they discarded their negative restrictions to low class or badly dressed, so “guy” was now, often enough, just a neutral designation for a male. And “guys” stretched even further, to include women. At first, as in Edna Ferber’s 1911 novel Dawn O’Hara, The Girl Who Laughed, it’s a mixed group, in this case one woman in an audience of five journalists being addressed by another one, a male. But if “guys” can include one woman, why not all? That’s the case in Rachel Crothers’s 1911 play, “He and She,” that has “guys” entirely female, in the phrase “wise guys.” By mid-century, in most of the United States, “guys” was the normal scarcely noted second-person plural pronoun. It has spread around the world also. Even speakers in Guy Fawkes’s home town of York, England, now use “you guys,” where it was unheard as recently as two decades ago.
Introduction
Authors: Vieira Kate 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The introduction lays out the premise of the book: to describe how families who are separated across borders write—and learn new ways of writing—in pursuit of both love and money. It introduces the concept of writing remittances—the communication hardware, software, writing practices, and literacy knowledge that migrant family members circulate across borders to keep in touch. It then poses the question the book will answer: What are migrant and nonmigrant family learning about literacy through these cross-border exchanges? Ulitmately, the introduction makes the case that understanding literacy as a human and economic activity can best uncover how people use writing to sustain their families through times of hardship and change.
Conclusion
Authors: Vieira Kate 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The conclusion emphasizes that when one takes migrants’ desires, histories, family, and community relationships into account, migration can be seen not as a detriment to literacy education, but instead as an instigator of it. Specifically, as literacy travelled transnationally among family members, it appeared to amass ideological, emotional, and financial values—values that amplified eachother in material sites and practices of written communication. Harnessing the informal transnational literacy learning that results from migration has potential for making literacy pedagogy relevant for students’ familial and economic realities. Outlining implications for researchers and educators, the conclusion details how writing for love and money can matter not only for transnational families but also for students with more apparently nationally bounded lives.
Living the Big Values
Authors: Olberding Amy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter addresses the processes at work in Confucian cultivation of manners, especially as this bears on our willingness to be polite to some people while reluctant to be polite to others. It focuses on Confucian attention to external behavior as a resource for shaping internal dispositions and attitudes. It likewise attends to the social dynamics of practicing manners, the ways in which civil behaviors can encourage answering like behaviors from others, steering social environments toward greater sociality. The chapter additionally addresses how stereotyping judgments of others can depress efforts to be civil and considers manners as a resource for inculcating greater humility in our evaluations of others and as a behavioral standard that can reduce the effects of stereotyping judgments on others. The Confucian account is coupled throughout with material drawn from contemporary social psychological studies.
Managing the Face
Authors: Olberding Amy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers the ways that the style of an action can matter to its meaning. In performing civil gestures and speech, matters such as tone of voice, facial expression, and demeanor influence what we communicate to others. Performing a “polite” action with the wrong bodily expression or tone can undercut or even wholly cancel its politeness. This chapter examines the many ways the style of an action can work on our understanding of the action, suggesting that being civil requires a bodily management we often overlook. The chapter also considers how emphasizing the body’s role in communication can invoke historically problematic associations with disgust and with class- and status-bound assumptions about what causes disgust. The chapter seeks to articulate a way of considering bodily management that evades falling prey to reasoning that encourages pernicious forms of disgust.
Righteous Incivility Revisited
Authors: Olberding Amy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Confucians are almost totally silent about what, if anything, might justify incivility and rudeness. This chapter revisits the issue of righteous incivility, incivility motivated by moral concerns, and considers Confucian resources for addressing when, whether, and how civility norms can be broken. It emphasizes the role of good situational judgment in matters of dissent and advocates for a broader understanding of civility’s possibilities. Civility, as the Confucians practiced it, can be fierce and imaginatively used in dissent. The chapter also considers what a psychology of disagreement rooted in a commitment to civility would look like, articulating an alternative picture to our more commonplace descriptions of righteous incivility.
Early-Onset Schizophrenia
Authors: Early Theresa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) is a serious psychotic disorder that affects children as young as 12 years of age. Although EOS is typically diagnosed in the specialty mental health sector, increasing the mental health literacy of school personnel is a Tier 1 intervention that can help identify youth at high risk. Tier 2 intervention could include group psychoeducation for youth at high risk and their families. Mental health treatment of EOS occurs in acute, stabilization, and maintenance phases. Youth who are experiencing EOS likely will need accommodations in school. School mental health personnel should educate teachers about accommodations and help them prepare to identify and avoid distressing stimuli, allow alternative schoolwork and activities to avoid provoking delusions, and provide safety for de-escalation. Collaboration with parents and community providers also is critical for students with EOS. A case example illustrates multitiered supports for an adolescent from diagnosis to returning to core classes.