bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Latent Semantic Analysis to Divergent Thinking is Biased by Elaboration
Authors: Forthmann Boris , Oyebade Oluwatosin , Ojo Adebusola , Günther Fritz , Holling Heinz 
Published: March 2018

AbstractScoring divergent‐thinking response sets has always been challenging because such responses are not only open‐ended in terms of number of ideas, but each idea may also be expressed by a varying number of concepts and, thus, by a varying number of words (elaboration). While many current studies have attempted to score the semantic distance in divergent‐thinking responses by applying latent semantic analysis (LSA), it is known from other areas of research that LSA‐based approaches are biased according to the number of words in a response. Thus, the current article aimed to identify and demonstrate this elaboration bias in LSA‐based divergent‐thinking scores by means of a simulation. In addition, we show that this elaboration bias can be reduced by removing the stop words (for example, and, or, for and so forth) prior to analysis. Furthermore, the residual bias after stop word removal can be reduced by simulation‐based corrections. Finally, we give an empirical illustration for alternate uses and consequences tasks. Results suggest that when both stop word removal and simulation‐based bias correction are applied, convergent validity should be expected to be highest.
Fast microplastics identification with stimulated Raman scattering microscopy
Authors: Zada Liron , Leslie Heather A. , Vethaak A. Dick , Tinnevelt Gerjen H. , Jansen Jeroen J. , de Boer Johannes F. , Ariese Freek 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe abundance of plastic products in modern society has resulted in a proliferation of small plastic particles called “microplastics” in the global environment. Currently, spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier‐transform infrared and spontaneous (i.e., conventional) Raman spectroscopy are widely employed for the identification of the plastic microparticles, but these are rather time consuming. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, based on the coherent interaction of 2 different laser beams with vibrational levels in the molecules of the sample, would enable much faster detection and identification of microplastics. Here, we present for the first time an SRS‐based method for identifying 5 different high production‐volume polymer types in microplastics extracted from environmental or consumer product samples. The particles from the extracts were collected on a flat alumina filter, and 6 SRS images were acquired at specifically chosen wavenumbers. Next, we decomposed these spectral data into specific images for the 5 polymers selected for calibration. We tested the approach on an artificial mixture of plastic particles and determined the signal‐to‐noise and level of cross talk for the 5 polymer types. As a proof of principle, we identified polyethylene terephthalate particles extracted from a commercial personal care product, demonstrating also the thousand‐fold higher speed of mapping with SRS compared with conventional Raman. Furthermore, after density separation of a Rhine estuary sediment sample, we scanned 1 cm2 of the filter surface in less than 5 hr and detected and identified 88 microplastics, which corresponds to 12,000 particles per kilogram dry weight. We conclude that SRS can be an efficient method for monitoring microplastics in the environment and potentially many other matrices of interest.
A SERS method for thermal neutron detection
Authors: Sun Jie , Wang Kaikai , Han Shuyan , Zhang Mingyue , Wang Ying , Qian Weiping , Zhang Haiqian , Dong Jian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo achieve the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method for thermal neutron detection, 4‐mercaptophenylboronic acid (4‐MPBA), a natural boron‐containing and high intrinsic Raman‐active compound, was used as a detection material, and after the fission of boron‐10(10B) isotope capturing thermal neutrons, parts of 4‐MPBA molecules were converted into thiophenol. Based on SERS substrates of gold nanoshells, the conversion was sensitively quantitative by SERS spectra of the two molecules to indicate the dose of thermal neutrons. The conversion was proportional to the radiation time and reversely proportional to the distance to the radiation source. The detection limit is 5.6 μGy and 33.6 μGy corresponding to the 4‐MPBA adsorbed on solid‐phase substrates and dissolved in solvent, respectively. The SERS method for thermal neutron detection would provide a simple and new way for neutrons utilization, administration, and radiation protection.
Hydration properties and water structure in aqueous solutions of native and modified cyclodextrins by UV Raman and Brillouin scattering
Authors: Bottari C. , Comez L. , Paolantoni M. , Corezzi S. , D'Amico F. , Gessini A. , Masciovecchio C. , Rossi B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe have studied aqueous solutions of native and chemically modified cyclodextrins (CDs) by means of UV Raman and Brillouin scattering. Analysis of the spectral profile of the OH‐stretching Raman signal, which is sensitive to the intermolecular organization of water, reveals a remarkable reduction of the population of ordered tetrahedral water structures inside the hydration shell of substituted CDs. As a remarkable result, this destructuring effect seems to be mainly related to the number of substituted hydroxyl groups in the CD ring rather than to the chemical nature of the substituent group. UV Brillouin scattering experiments confirm the structural picture emerging from the UV Raman study, also providing an estimate of the activation energy associated to the collective H‐bond restructuring mechanism in CD solutions. Overall, the results provide a coherent description of the water–solute interactions in aqueous solutions of CDs.
Concentrates of triterpenic acids obtained from crude olive pomace oils: characterization and evaluation of their potential antioxidant activity
Authors: Velasco Joaquín , Holgado Francisca , Márquez‐Ruiz Gloria , Ruiz‐Méndez María Victoria 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundPentacyclic triterpenic acids (TA) are phytochemicals of increasing nutritional interest owing to their bioactive properties, such as anti‐inflammatory, antitumoral, antihyperglycemic and hepatoprotective. Crude olive pomace oils constitute a non‐exploited significant source of these compounds. In the present study, concentrates of TA were extracted and characterized from crude olive pomace oils that were obtained by centrifugation and subsequent solvent extraction, respectively. Specifically, the concentrates were obtained from the byproduct generated in the filtration of the oils. The solids were subjected to Soxhlet extractions with hexane to remove the residual oil and then with ethanol for the TA extraction.ResultsConcentrates containing 850–980 g kg−1 TA were isolated from the oils obtained by centrifugation, whereas those isolated from oils obtained by hexane extraction presented levels of TA that ranged from 510 to 900 g kg−1. Oleanolic (OA) and maslinic (MA) acids were the TA found in the concentrates. The relative contents of OA and MA were, respectively, 30:70 (w/w) and 77:23 (w/w). All concentrates also presented phenolic compounds at levels of g kg−1 and displayed slight antioxidant properties.ConclusionConcentrates of TA, containing MA and OA, can be readily obtained from a byproduct generated by filtration of crude olive pomace oils. Concentrates isolated from oils obtained by centrifugation were rich in MA, whereas those from oils extracted with hexane were rich in OA. The concentrates showed slight antioxidant properties that can be mainly attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds and not to TA. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of ethrel, 1‐MCP and modified atmosphere packaging on the quality of ‘Wonderful’ pomegranates during cold storage
Authors: Valdenegro Mónika , Huidobro Camila , Monsalve Liliam , Bernales Maricarmen , Fuentes Lida , Simpson Ricardo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPomegranate (Punica granatum) is a non‐climacteric fruit susceptible to chilling injury (CI) at temperatures below 5 °C. To understand the influences of ethylene and modified atmosphere on CI physiological disorders of pomegranate, exogenous ethrel (0.5, 1 and 1.5 µg L−1) treatments, 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) (1 µL L−1) exposure, packaging in a modified atmosphere (MAP) (XTend™ bags; StePac, São Paulo, Brazil), a MAP/1‐MCP combination, and packaging in macro‐perforated bags (MPB) were applied. The treated fruits were cold stored (2 ± 1 °C; 85% relative humidity) and sampled during 120 + 3 days at 20 °C.RESULTSDuring cold storage, CI symptoms started at 20 days in MPB and at 60 days for all exogenous ethylene treatments, and were delayed to 120 days in MAP, 1‐MCP and MAP/1‐MCP treatments. MPB and ethylene treatments induced significant electrolyte leakage, oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation, ethylene and CO2 production, and 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid oxidase activity, without any change in total soluble solids, titratable acidity or skin and aril colours. Conversely, MAP by itself, or in combination with 1‐MCP application, effectively delayed CI symptoms.CONCLUSIONDuring long‐term cold storage of this non‐climacteric fruit, ethrel application induced endogenous ethylene biosynthesis, accelerating the appearance of CI symptoms in contrast to the observations made for MAP and 1‐MCP treatments. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of NaHCO3 treatments on the activity of cell‐wall‐degrading enzymes produced by Penicillium digitatum during the pathogenesis process on grapefruit
Authors: Venditti Tullio , D'hallewin Guy , Ladu Gianfranca , Petretto Giacomo L , Pintore Giorgio , Labavitch John M 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study was performed to clarify the strategies of Penicillium digitatum during pathogenesis on citrus, assessing, on albedo plugs, the effects of treatment with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), at two different pH values (5 and 8.3), on cell‐wall‐degrading enzyme activity over a period of 72 h.RESULTSTreatment with NaHCO3, under alkaline pH, delayed the polygalacturonase activity for 72 h, or 48 h in the case of the pectin lyase, compared with the control or the same treatment at pH 5. In contrast, pectin methyl esterase activity rapidly increased after 24 h, in plugs dipped in the same solution. In this case, the activity remained higher than untreated or pH 5‐treated plugs up to 72 h.CONCLUSIONThe rapid increase in pectin methyl esterase activity under alkaline conditions is presumably the strategy of the pathogen to lower the pH, soon after the initiation of infection, in order to restore an optimal environment for the subsequent polygalacturonase and pectin lyase action. In fact, at the same time, a low pH delayed the enzymatic activity of polygalacturonase and pectin lyase, the two enzymes that actually cleave the α‐1,4‐linkages between the galacturonic acid residues. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Duct‐to‐mucosa versus dunking techniques of pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy: Do we need more trials? A systematic review and meta‐analysis with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Kilambi Ragini , Singh Anand Narayan 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundPancreaticojejunostomy (PJ is the most widely used reconstruction technique after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Despite several randomized trials, the ideal technique of pancreaticojejunostomy remains debatable. We planned a meta‐analysis of randomized trials comparing the two most common techniques of PJ (duct‐to‐mucosa and dunking) to identify the best available evidence in the current literature.MethodsWe searched the Pubmed/Medline, Web of science, Science citation index, Google scholar and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials electronic databases till October 2017 for all English language randomized trials comparing the two approaches. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan), Version 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Center, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014 and results were expressed as odds ratio for dichotomous and mean difference for continuous variables. P‐value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Trial sequential analysis was performed using TSA version 0.9.5.5 (Copenhagen: The Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, 2016).ResultsA total of 8 trials were included, with a total of 1043 patients (DTM: 518; Dunking: 525). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of overall as well as clinically relevant POPF rate. Similarly, both groups were comparable for the secondary outcomes. Trial sequential analysis revealed that the required information size had been crossed without achieving a clinically significant difference for overall POPF; and though the required information size had not been achieved for CR‐POPF, the current data has already crossed the futility line for CR‐POPF with a 10% risk difference, 80% power and 5% α error.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis found no significant difference between the two techniques in terms of overall and CR‐POPF rates. Further, the existing evidence is sufficient to conclude lack of difference and further trials are unlikely to result in any change in the outcome. (CRD42017074886).
Impact of histological subtype on the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for colon cancer
Authors: Bagante Fabio , Spolverato Gaya , Beal Eliza , Merath Katiuscha , Chen Qinyu , Akgül Ozgür , Anders Robert A. , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundThe effect of the histological subtype on the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for colon cancer (CC) is not completely understood.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 2004–2014 database was used to compare the long‐term outcomes of patients undergoing colon resection for classical adenocarcinoma (CA), mucinous adenocarcinoma (MUC), and signet‐cell adenocarcinoma (SC).ResultsA total of 153 317 (89%) patients had CA, 16 660 (10%) MUC while 1810 (1%) patients had SC subtype. Patients with MUC and SC more frequently had a poorly differentiated CC and were more likely to present with advanced disease compared with CA patients (P < 0.001). Patients with CA had a 5‐year OS of 62% versus 55% and 34% for patients with MUC and SC subtypes, respectively (P = 0.001). On multivariable analysis, site of cancer, tumor grade, and TNM stage were associated with prognosis (all P < 0.001). After controlling for these risk factors, patients with MUC (HR, 1.09, P < 0.001) and SC (HR, 1.47, P < 0.001) had a roughly 10% and 50% increased hazard of death, respectively, compared with CA patients.ConclusionsMUC and SC are distinct subtypes of CC associated with a worse prognosis. These data can help inform discussion about prognosis and possibly direct adjuvant management.
Hospital volume and short‐term outcomes after cytoreductive nephrectomy
Authors: Xia Leilei , Strother Marshall C. , Taylor Benjamin L. , Chelluri Raju R. , Pulido Jose E. , Guzzo Thomas J. 
Published: March 2018

PurposeTo investigate the impact of hospital volume on short‐term outcomes after cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).MethodsWe identified mRCC patients who underwent CN from 2006 to 2013 in the National Cancer Database. Annual hospital CN volume was categorized as high (top 20th percentile) and low. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to compare 30‐day mortality, 90‐day mortality, prolonged length of stay (PLOS, ≥7 days), and 30‐day readmission rates. Sensitivity analyses were performed with hospital volume considered as a continuous variable.ResultsA total of 9789 patients were included with high‐volume (n = 1916) defined as ≥8 cases and low‐volume (n = 7873) as 1‐7 cases annually. Multivariable logistic regression showed that high‐volume was associated with lower odds of 30‐day mortality (OR = 0.69, P = 0.013), 90‐day mortality (OR = 0.65, P < 0.001), PLOS (OR = 0.82, P = 0.002), and 30‐day readmission (OR = 0.78, P = 0.028). Sensitivity analyses showed that increasing hospital volume (per case) was associated with lower odds of 30‐day mortality (OR = 0.965, P = 0.008), 90‐day mortality (OR = 0.966, P < 0.001), PLOS (OR = 0.982, P = 0.001), and 30‐day readmission (OR = 0.975, P = 0.012).ConclusionHigher hospital volume was associated with better short‐term outcomes after CN. Future studies are needed to validate our findings and explore the potential components leading to better outcomes in the higher volume hospitals.
Predicting potential agritourism segments on the basis of combined approach: The case of Qazvin, Iran
Authors: Varmazyari Hojjat , Asadi Ali , Kalantari Khalil , Joppe Marion , Rezvani Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMost published rural/agritourism segmentation studies were undertaken in the 1990s and 2000s and concentrated on developed countries. This study predicts tourist segments by surveying a sample of potential agricultural tourists in Qazvin, Iran. Qazvin is capital of the province of the same name and is in a unique position for agritourism development, due to its very important historical, natural, and agricultural attractions. A factor‐clustering method and combined approach identified 3 distinct agritourists segments, one of whom not previously described, who exhibited the greatest concern for food safety. The study presents a spectrum of agritourists needs that allow us to compare the priorities of agritourists in emerging markets with those of industrialized countries.
What makes a museum attractive to young people? Evidence from Italy
Authors: Manna Rosalba , Palumbo Rocco 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe museums' ability to attract young people is drawing the increasing interest of scholars and practitioners. However, little is known about the factors that influence the museums' attractiveness to young audience. To fill such a gap, this paper investigates the entire population of Italian museums (N = 4.967). A quantile regression model was used, in order to identify the variables that positively affected young people's visits to Italian museums. The research findings suggested that museums should devise tailored strategies to attract young people. Digital tools, interorganizational relationships, and ancillary services were found to be respectively critical for small‐sized, medium‐sized, and big‐sized museums.
High–Frame Rate Vector Flow Imaging of the Carotid Bifurcation in Healthy Adults: Comparison With Color Doppler Imaging
Authors: Goddi Alfredo , Bortolotto Chandra , Raciti Maria Vittoria , Fiorina Ilaria , Aiani Luca , Magistretti Giovanni , Sacchi Andrea , Tinelli Carmine , Calliada Fabrizio 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the carotid bifurcation in healthy adults using a commercial system equipped with high–frame rate vector flow imaging (VFI) based on the plane wave and to compare VFI with color Doppler imaging.MethodsCarotid bifurcation diameters and flow characteristics of 60 vessels in 60 healthy volunteers were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively to assess complex flow patterns and their extension and duration.ResultsComplex flow in the internal carotid artery (ICA) was associated with a statistically significant difference in the ΔICA sinus‐to‐common carotid artery (CCA) diameter ratio (the relative change in diameter between the CCA and ICA sinus.) Vector flow imaging and color Doppler imaging were in accordance when detecting complex flow in 96.7% of cases; in 3.3% of cases, only VFI identified small recirculation areas of short duration. Vector flow imaging highlighted a larger extension of the complex flow (mean ± SD, 47.7 ± 28.5 mm2; median, 45.5 mm2) compared with color Doppler imaging (mean, 29.2 ± 19.9 mm2; median, 29.5 mm2) and better depicted different complex flow patterns; a strong correlation (r = 0.84) was found between the ΔICA sinus‐to‐CCA diameter ratio and the complex flow extension. Vector flow imaging showed a longer duration of the flow disturbances (mean, 380 ± 218 milliseconds; median, 352.5 milliseconds) compared with color Doppler imaging (mean, 325 ± 206 milliseconds; median, 333 milliseconds), and there was a strong correlation (r = 0.92).ConclusionsVector flow imaging is as effective as color Doppler imaging in the detection of flow disturbances, but it is more powerful in the assessment of complex flow patterns.
A Practical Approach to Quantitative Grayscale Ultrasound Analysis of Hepatic Steatosis in Pediatric Patients Using a Picture Archiving and Communication System–Based Tool
Authors: Erdem Toslak Iclal , Lim‐Dunham Jennifer E. , Joyce Cara , Marbella Marko E. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of a picture archiving and communication system (PACS)‐based ultrasound (US) quantification technique for diagnosis of hepatic steatosis in a pediatric population.MethodsAbdominal US images of 49 pediatric patients (≤18 years) with histopathologically proven diagnoses of hepatic steatosis (n = 17), nonsteatotic liver disease (n = 19), and a normal liver (n = 13) were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, the fibrosis stage, and the steatosis grade were obtained from the database. Quantitative grayscale measurements of the echo intensity level of the liver and kidneys were performed on the US images using the PACS measuring tool. The hepatorenal ratio was obtained by dividing mean liver by mean kidney values. The heterogeneity index for the liver was calculated by dividing the liver standard deviation by mean liver values. Hepatorenal ratio and heterogeneity index values of the 3 groups were correlated with pathologic results and compared by a 1‐way analysis of variance. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed, and cutoff values were determined.ResultsThe hepatorenal ratio of the hepatic steatosis group was significantly greater than those of the control and nonsteatotic liver disease groups (P < .001). The heterogeneity index of the hepatic steatosis group was significantly greater than that of the control group (P = .046). For a hepatorenal ratio cutoff value of 1.5, 88.2% sensitivity, 91.4% specificity, 88.3% positive predictive value, and 94.1% negative predictive value were obtained for predicting hepatic steatosis.ConclusionsPACS‐based quantitative grayscale US quantification is a safe, accurate, and easily applicable objective method for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis in children. A hepatorenal ratio of greater than 1.5 can be used as a conservative parameter, permitting increased confidence in discriminating hepatic steatosis from other conditions.