bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender and Developmental Aspects of Metaphor and Metonymy Comprehension Processes
Authors: Vernarská Miroslava Süčová , Zelenayová Petra 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Introduction: The goal of the present study was, in line with theoretical findings, to confirm a shift in metaphor and metonymy comprehension on a sample of Slovak children and to track an effect of a gender as well.

Methods: Metaphor and metonymy comprehension were measured with an author constructed tool consisting of eight metaphors and eight metonymies. Respondents were given a multiple choice option to select a correct meaning of metaphor or metonymy. The sample consisted of 120 elementary school children from Košice area. For an age assessment, two age groups were created based on elementary school grades-fourth grade (9-10 years) and eighth grade (13-14 years).

Results: Results of our study indicate that both metaphor comprehension and metonymy comprehension shift significantly with age. Eight graders scored significantly better than fourth graders in tasks given. We found statistically significant differences between genders as well. Girls scored significantly higher than boys both in metaphor comprehension and metonymy comprehension.

Discussion: Metaphor and metonymy comprehension progress significantly in time, supposedly in line with the development of other cognitive processes. Gender differences can be explained in part by female advantage in verbal processes proclaimed by some research.

Limitations: We see limits of our research in capturing a relatively narrow age range.

Conclusion: Our study aims to contribute to knowledge about figurative language development since only few researchers have addressed the problem. Perspectives for future research are in exploring given topic on various developmental stages to gain a complex understanding of metaphor and metonymy development in Slovak population and to better explain gender differences.
New Modalities in Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment Using Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Gončars Valdis , Kalnbērzs Konstantīns , Jākobsons Ēriks , Briede Ieva , Blūms Kristaps , Ērglis Kristaps , Ērglis Mārtiņš , Patetko Liene , Muižnieks Indriķis , Ērglis Andrejs 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The clinical effects on knee osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms and tissue structure were evaluated after bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell intraarticular injection. A group of 32 patients with 34 knee joints in stage II–III osteoarthritis were treated by intraarticular injection of mononuclear cell suspension. Clinical results were obtained by KOOS (Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) and KSS (Knee Society Score) scores during a 12 months follow-up period. Radiological evaluation was performed using magnetic resonance imaging. A comparison with a control group of 28 patients treated with routinely used three hyaluronic acid intra-articular injections was made. No adverse effects were observed after the bone marrow derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) injection. At the end point of the follow up all score results had improved, compared to those at to the starting point. 65% of patients maintained minimal perceptible clinical improvement of the score results. The Whole Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score showed improvement from 44.31 to 42.93 points (p < 0.05) during a 6–7 month period. Comparing score results to the control group, a statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the KOOS pain subscale score at the 6 and 12 months was observed in the mononuclear cell group. BM-MNC injection leads to a decrease of knee OA symptoms and slows changes in structure of the degenerative joint tissue.
Vildagliptina en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 con riesgo cardiovascular o compromiso renal. Revisión de literatura
Authors: Forero Víctor Hugo , Ribón Quintero Gabriel German , Echeverry-Raad Jairo 
Published: August 2018

Introducción: los fármacos que se prescriben comúnmente para el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) tienen restricciones de uso en pacientes con deterioro cardiovascular o renal. Estudios publicados sobre el grupo farmacológico inhibidores de dipeptidil peptidasa-4 (DPP-4I) indican que se trata de agentes efectivos y seguros para su uso en esta población de pacientes. Sin embargo, en la práctica clínica cotidiana, prevalecen vacíos e incertidumbre respecto de la efectividad y seguridad para prescribir apropiadamente los DPP-4I, específicamente en pacientes en quienes concurre el riesgo o presencia de enfermedad cardiovascular o renal.
Esta revisión de literatura integra estudios publicados entre 2015 -2018, en seguridad, eficacia y uso de vildagliptina en para pacientes con DM2 en riesgo incrementado de eventos o presencia de enfermedad cardiovascular, función renal comprometida, o ambos.
Método: revisión de literatura publicada desde 01-01- 2015 a 31-05- 2018, enfocada en seguridad, eficacia y uso de vildagliptina en pacientes adultos con DM2 en riesgo de evento o presencia de enfermedad cardiovascular o con compromiso de la función renal, o ambos.
Resultados: conjunto de evidencias de tres estudios de vida, seis ECCA, dos meta-análisis en red, nueve revisiones sistemáticas y tres estudios observacionales integran la unidad de análisis que presenta en síntesis narrativa desenlaces de efectividad y seguridad del DPP-4I vildagliptina en el contexto de pacientes diabéticos con riesgo cardiovascular y compromiso de función renal.
Conclusión: esta revisión reitera la trascendencia de intervenciones integrales, efectivas y seguras, para el control metabólico en personas con DBT, específicamente para pacientes en quienes concurre enfermedad cardiovascular, deterioro de función renal, y esquemas combinados con hipoglucemiante oral. En este contexto vildagliptina reúne valiosa evidencia de efectividad y seguridad que permite apoyar decisiones clínicas sustentadas. A destacar los beneficios para pacientes de edad avanzada, grupo especialmente frágil y vulnerable a eventos cardiovasculares.
Evaluación de extractos vegetales para manejo de quemaduras cáusticas: irritación/corrosión dérmica aguda. Bogotá/2018
Authors: Barrera Céspedes María Claudia , Pombo Ospina Luis Miguel , Mancipe Vargas Juan Carlos , Duarte Hernández Andrés Mauricio , Hernández Montaño John Fredy , Rodríguez Aguirre Oscar Eduardo , Santander González Sandra Paola , Mejía Piñeros Antonio Luis , Núñez Jején German Rodrigo , Lagos Madero María Camila , Guerreo Fajardo Laura Stephanía , Londoño Valero Laura Alejandra , González Alarcón Angie Karolyne , Lozada Cruz Laura del Mar 
Published: August 2018

Introducción: Aunque las quemaduras cáusticas representan un bajo porcentaje de las quemaduras, dadas las complicaciones que asocian, son un problema de salud pública que exige nuevas opciones terapéuticas como son el uso de productos derivados de plantas, entre ellos, Caléndula offinalis, Aloe vera y Cannabis sativa, cuyo uso está condicionado, inicialmente a pruebas como la evaluación de su efecto irritativo/corrosivo agudo en piel. Materiales y métodos: Estudio experimental en animales, aleatorizado. El material vegetal se obtuvo del Jardín Medicinal Jorge Piñeros Corpas; los aceites y extractos de las plantas se obtuvieron por métodos clásicos de extracción; la base de excipientes fue provista por el Laboratorio de Farmacología Vegetal (LABFARVE). Se emplearon 8 Ratas wistar macho alojadas bajo condiciones controladas y parámetros de ética y bienestar animal. La prueba de irritación/corrosión dérmica aguda se hizo siguiendo la norma OECD 404, tras previa anestesia de los animales y siguiendo los criterios de dolor y punto final. Resultados: De Caléndula officinalis se obtuvieron dos aceites esenciales y tres extractos; el gel de Aloe vera y un extracto de Cannabis sativa. Ninguno de los extractos generó escara, eritema o edema en los animales, siendo negativa la prueba de irritación/corrosión aguda en piel. Discusión: Los resultados obtenidos desde esta investigación básica en medicina traslacional, brindan evidencia que complementa la información reportada en la literatura acerca del uso tradicional y los estudios in vitro e in vivo de estas plantas para el manejo de diversas enfermedades. La ausencia de efecto irritativo o corrosivo en piel es coherente con el conocimiento del tipo de metabolitos secundarios activos que se han identificado en ellas con actividad antiinflamatoria, antioxidante, antimicrobiana y cicatrizante. Los resultados aseguran su inocuidad química al contemplarlas para investigar su potencial uso terapéutico en lesiones dérmicas, tipo quemaduras cáusticas, garantizando su seguridad .
VERBA "MEMASAK" DALAM BAHASA BALI: KAJIAN METABAHASA SEMANTIK ALAMI (MSA)
Authors: Parwati Sang Ayu Putu Eny 
Published: August 2018

AbstrakBahasa merupakan sumber daya yang mampu mengungkap sebuah misteri budaya dan budaya hanya dapat diungkapan dengan bahasa. Bahasa dan budaya Bali adalah sebuah cermin jatidiri penuturnya. Bahasa dan budaya ‘memasak’ dalam masyarakat Bali memiliki makna tersendiri yang dapat diungkapkan melalui kajian Metabahasa Semantik Alami (MSA), seperti pada verba ngengseb, ngnyatnyat, dan nambus. Teori MSA ini dirancang untuk mengeksplikasi semua makna, baik makna leksikal, makna ilokusi, maupun makna gramatikal. Verba ‘memasak’ dalam bahasa Bali termasuk dalam kategori verba tindakan (perbuatan) dan verba proses. Dalam verba tersebut terjadi polisemi takkomposisi antara MELAKUKAN dan TERJADI sehingga pengalam memiliki eksponen: “X melakukan sesuatu pada Y, dan karena itu sesuatu terjadi pada Y”. Dengan metode simak libat cakap dan teknik catat, diperoleh sebanyak 12 leksikon data yang terkumpul, selanjutnya dieksplikasikan untuk merepresentasikan makna aslinya. Berdasarkan metode, sarana, dan entitas yang digunakan dalam ‘memasak’, lesksikon verba ini terbagi dalam tiga kelompok, yaitu (1) ‘memasak’ dengan sarana air: nyakan, nepeng, ngukus, ngengseb, nglablab, ngnyatnyat (2) ‘memasak’ dengan sarana api: nunu, manggang, nambus, dan nguling, (3) ‘memasak’ dengan sarana minyak dan tanpa minyak: ngoreng dan ngenyahnyah. Semua leksikon yang memiliki makna memasak di atas berpola sintaksis MSA: X melakukan sesuatu pada Y dan Y masak/matang (termasak).
SYEKH ABDUL HALIM HASAN, 1901-1969: Akar Tradisi Intelektual di Sumatera Timur Awal Abad XX
Authors: Dahlan Zaini 
Published: August 2018

<strong>Abstrak: </strong>Penelitian ini mengkaji biografi dan kiprah intelektual Syekh Abdul Halim Hasan di Sumatera Timur. Keberlangsungan tradisi intelektual di Sumatera Timur dipengaruhi, salah satunya, oleh kemunculan ulama-ulama di kawasan ini. Sebagian mereka berasal dari etnis Melayu, dan tidak sedikit dari mereka merupakan ulama yang berasal dari etnis Mandailing yang merantau dari kawasan Tapanuli ke Sumatera Timur. Studi ini mengkaji bagaimana peran Syekh Abdul Halim Hasan yang berasal dari etnis Mandailing dalam mengembangkan tradisi intelektual Islam di Sumatera Timur. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologis-historis, studi ini mengajukan temuan bahwa Syekh Abdul Halim Hasan memberikan kontribusi bagi penguatan tradisi intelektual Islam di Sumatera Timur. Ia tidak saja menghasilkan karya akademik dalam berbagai bidang keislaman, tetapi juga mampu melahirkan ulama berbakat selain turut memperjuangkan dan mempertahankan kemerdekaan di tanah kelahirannya. <br /> <br /><strong>Abstract:</strong> <strong>Syekh Abdul Halim Hasan, 1901-1969: The Roots of Intellectual Tradition </strong><strong>of </strong><strong>East Sumatra </strong><strong>in Early </strong><strong>20th Centuries</strong>. This study examines the biography and intellectual work of Syekh Abdul Halim Hasan in East Sumatra. The continuation of intellectual traditions in East Sumatra is influenced, among others, by the emergence of scholars in the region. Some of these scholars were local Malays; but a few of them were from Mandailing ethnic who had migrated from South Tapanuli. This study examines the role of Syekh Abdul Halim Hasan, a migrating scholar from Mandailing, in developing Islamic intellectual traditions in East Sumatra. Using a sociological-historical approach, this study proposes the findings that Syekh Abdul Halim Hasan had indeed contributed significantly in strengthening Islamic intellectual traditions of the region. He authored academic works in various fields of Islam, trained younger talented scholars, and also involved in independence struggle in his homeland.<br /> <br /><strong>Kata Kunci</strong>: Mandailing, Melayu, Sumatera Timur, Syekh Abdul Halim Hasan
Asymmetric Exchange Rate Exposure - Research in Southeast Asian Countries
Authors: Le Minh Thi Hong , Huynh Ha Thi Cam , Dinh Hong Thi Thu , Le Minh Thi Hong , Huynh Ha Thi Cam , Dinh Hong Thi Thu 
Published: August 2018

The study aims to analyse the impact of exchange rate exposure on stock returns in six countries representative of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam from 2009 to 2014. Both nominal and real exchange rates are taken into account for evaluating exchange rate fluctuations via panel data. In order to achieve this goal, a panel regressive estimation approach is proposed in which a GLS model is firstly used to treat heteroscedasticity in the panel data and, then, a GMM estimator is employed to ensure the consistency of the estimates. The results point out that the exchange rate exposure of these countries is asymmetric. At market level, for a rise in the exchange rate (or local currency depreciates), the average stock returns tend to decrease. However, due to the favourable impact of currency depreciation on the net export position, the reduction speed of stock returns is faster than the rising speed of the exchange rate.
Analisa Yuridis Penyidikan Tindak Pidana Illegal Logging oleh Polres Tapanuli Tengah
Authors: Anas Azuar , Marlina Marlina 
Published: August 2018

Pembalakan Liar (<em>Illegal Logging</em>) secara besar-besaran dengan menggunakan peralatan modern biasanya sebagai pemicu kerusakan hutan dan menimbulkan bencana alam terutama longsor dan banjir, tetapi penebangan pohon kayu di dalam kawasan hutan lindung Desa Simaningir Kec. Sitahuis Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah menggunakan alat berupa chain saw saja, dapat menimbulkan bencana alam tanah longsor dan menimpa rumah penduduk. Penyidik Polres Tapanuli Tengah telah mengungkap penyebab tanah longsor yaitu karena penebangan pohon kayu secara <em>Illegal</em> di dalam kawasan hutan lindung, selanjutnya penyidik Polres Tapanuli Tengah melakukan penyelidikan dan penyidikan terhadap pelaku penebangan pohon kayu. Faktor yang mempengaruhi sulit mengungkap kasus <em>Illegal Logging</em> adalah lemahnya peraturan perundang-undangan, sarana dan prasarana yang kurang memadai, mentalitas aparat dan budaya masyarakat.
EMMER WHEAT IS A PROMISING GRAIN CROP FOR ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
Authors: Gilev S. D. , Tsymbalenko I. N. , Kopylov A. N. , Filippova E. A. , Kozlova T. A. 
Published: August 2018

The article presents a short review of emmer wheat distribution throughout the whole world and the regions of Russia. The grain of emmer wheat is found rich in microelements, vitamins, nondispensible amino-acids and other useful substances. The article considers the two-year study results (2016, 2017) of the trials with emmer wheat on the central experimental plot of the Kurgansk RIA. Some separate elements of cultivation technologies of the emmer wheat variety ‘Gremme’ and the spring wheat variety ‘Zauralochka’ have been developed in three-year crop and fallow rotation on the extensive and intensive backgrounds. The variety ‘Gremme’ produced 3.4 t/ha being the largest yield during the trials, the spring wheat variety ‘Zauralochka’ gave only 2.98 t/ha. In the competitive variety-testing we studied comparative productivity of emmer wheat varieties ‘Gremme’ and ‘Runo’ with the spring wheat varieties ‘Tertsiya’ and ‘Iren’. The variety ‘Runo’ was found highly tolerant to powdery mildew, brown and stem rust, and grown without fertilizers and fungicides it was the most productive variety with 2.87 t/ha compared with the varieties ‘Tertsiya’, ‘Iren’ and ‘Gremme’ with 1.17, 1.26 and 1.72 t/ha respectively. According to the baking qualities, emmer wheat yielded to the spring wheat varieties. At the same time there is high protein content (17.5%) in the variety ‘Runo’. The preliminary results of the study show that the unhulled variety ‘Runo’ in the organic farming system claims to play a leading role in obtaining an environmentally clean grain rich in the necessary elements of nutrition.
IMMUNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE HULLED BARLEY COLLECTION ACCORDING TO ITS RESISTANCE TO LEAF DISEASES IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE ROSTOV REGION
Authors: Doroshenko E. S. , Doroshenko Ed. S. 
Published: August 2018

In the conditions of artificial infectious background of the laboratory of plant immunity and protection (Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”) there has been conducted an immunologic estimation of hulled barley samples of ARIR collection. There has been estimated resistance to the following pathogens: powdery mildew (pathogen Erysiphegraminis f. hordei), barley net blotch (Pyrenophorateres (Died.) Drechsler [Drechslerateres (Sacc.) Shoemaker]) and barley dark-brown blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.), Shoemaker [Cochliobolussativus (S. Ito &Kurib) Drechsler ex Dastur, Helminthosporiumsativum Pammel, C.M. King & Bakke]). The study of disease manifestation was done in 2016–2017. The results allow estimating variety resistance in the extreme infectious conditions similar to epiphytotinous conditions. As a result there have been identified the samples ‘Dublet’ (Belorussia), ‘Omsky golozerny 1’ (Russia), ‘К-26648’ (Pakistan), ‘Back CDC’,’CDC VC Ywire’, ‘CDC Dawn’ (Canada), ‘К-3038’ (Dai Mai), ‘Orgeniepetite’ (France), ‘NB-OWA’ (Nepal) and others that showed resistance and slight susceptibility to powdery mildew. The samples ‘Back CDC’, ‘Bowman’ (Canada), ‘84469/70’, ‘К-303’ (Dai Mai), ‘Dublet’ (Belorussia), Brunее (Ethiopia), ‘Orgeniepetite’ (France) and others showed resistance to barley net blotch. The samples ‘Dublet’, ‘Omsky golozerny 1’, ‘Omsky golozerny 2’, ‘Yudinsky 1’, ‘К-26648’, ‘84469/70’, ‘Orgeniepetite’, ‘CDC Dawn’, ‘NB-OWA’, ‘К-3038’, ‘CDC VC Ywire’, ‘E.E.B.N.46’ demonstrated a complex resistance to both pathogens and they are recommended for use in the breeding programs on immunity.
Antara Ideal dan Praktek: Transformasi Spiritual Anggota Perempuan Berdasarkan Nilai-Nilai Keperempuanan Wahdah Islamiyah
Authors: Aswah Syarifah Raodatul 
Published: August 2018

Wahdah Islamiyah (WI) is a community organization (ormas) based in Makassar under the aupices of Yayasan Pesantren Wahdah Islamiyah (YPWI). Members of WI are the followers of Salafi, a social movement which tries to practice Islamic values according to the understanding of As-Salaf As-Shalih. While members of WI consists of men and women, this article is focused on how female members of WI practice the ideal values of womenhood set by WI in the every day life. The research findings indicates that members of WI consist of three categories, namely: new members, teachers (murabbi), and administrative staff of its Lembaga Muslimah WI. The value of womenhood is set by the organization, and is classified into three, namely how to dress properly, how women behaves towards the opposite sex, and how ‘to become a wife/mother’. The application of such values is not always syncronised with the ideal ones, depending on their level of membership and which value and which condition faced by the members. While new members tend to have a space for negotiation; murabbi is more advance than new members in the practice of womenhood values, which can be seen from how they dress (ber-hijab) and how they interact with the opposite sex; staff of Lembaga Muslimah WI is focused on how to practice such values in relation to how ‘to become a wife/mother’. Thus, women transform themselves spiritually on the basis of womenhood values as they become part of the organization and the level of their membership.
Metabolic effect of Gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): Randomized, placebo controlled double blind trial
Authors: Babiker Rasha , Elmusharaf Khalifa , Keogh Michael B. , Banaga Amin S. I. , Saeed Amal M. 
Published: August 2018

Background: Gum Arabic (GA) is a water-soluble dietary fiber, indigestible to both humans and animals. While GA currently does not have any therapeutic potential, it has nutritional value and some effects on metabolism of glucose and lipids. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the effect of GA on serum level of glucose, lipids, and the BMI in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial took place at Academy Charity Teaching Hospital (ACTH) in Sudan between August 2014 to February 2015. The trial was conducted in type 2 diabetic patients who were on regular oral hypoglycemic drugs and had HbA1C ≥ 6.5%. Patients excluded from the study included those on insulin, any patient with a metabolic or gastrointestinal disease, and any patient with history of drug addiction and alcoholism. Other patients excluded were patients who had previous allergic reactions to GA in addition to patients who were pregnant or planned for conception within 6 months. 120 patients were invited to participate in this trial. 100 patients gave consent and were randomized to GA and placebo groups. The GA group was given 30 g of Acacia Senegaland the placebo group was given 5 g of placebo daily for 3 months. The outcomes assessed were primarily the effect of GA on glucose levels in addition to the effects on levels of lipids and the BMI in type 2 diabetic patients.Results: The GA group showed significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c (P<0.05) within the GA group. Moreover, GA supplementation improved lipid profiles; decreased LDL-Cholesterol by 5.95%, total Cholesterol by 8.28% and triglyceride by 10.95% from baseline levels. HDL-Cholesterol showed significant increase by 19.89% within GA group (P<0.05), BMI was decreased significantly by 2.06% (95% CI: −0.98; −0.16), P<0.05).Conclusions: Gum Arabic is a dietary supplement for improving nutrition of type 2 diabetic patients; it has demonstrated a good effect on improving their poor glycemic control. It has also shown improvement in the levels of the lipids and the BMI. Further studies are needed in obese and pre-diabetic patients to evaluate GA therapeutic potentials. Keywords: Gum Arabic, Diabetes Mellitus type 2, Lipid profiles, Fasting Plasma Glucose, Dietary Fibers, HbA1c