bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Centralized supply chain – Food Lord
Authors: Shaikh Abdul Rehman , Qazi Asad Ali 
Published: October 2019

Learning outcomes
The learning outcomes are as follows: to understand the impact of external factors in supply chain operations planning; to understand the role of quantitative and qualitative data in supply chain decision-making especially in the restaurant industry; to assess the pros and cons of centralized and decentralized supply chain operations; and to evaluate different alternatives in supply chain planning, for best service level at minimum cost.

Case overview/synopsis
This case visualizes the planning of supply chain drivers and process improvement to enhance supply chain speed and flexibility. Asim Rizvi has recently joined as senior supply chain manager at Food Lord, a renowned chain of restaurants in Pakistan. As instructed by his CEO, Rizvi has to take a decision for centralization, or to continue the decentralization of supply chain operations at two of their highest selling branches. These two branches were located at a distance of 125 km from each other. The objective of supply chain operations’ consolidation was to minimize cost and further improve the service level. Rizvi was confused about the decision because any decision cannot be taken on the basis of cost and benefit analysis only. A 360-degree analysis and future requirements also play a vital role to decide about supply chain operations. The CEO was very excited to take this decision; that is why newly hired manager Rizvi was analyzing all the facts to reach a decision that would be best for their business. Centralized or decentralized supply chain decision was not easy because normally the business dynamics completely change due to unpredictable customer demand, unavailability of professional suppliers and unavailability of a strong information system, etc.

Complexity academic level
BBA and MBA

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 9: Operations and Logistics.
BIM business value for asset owners through effective asset information management
Authors: Munir Mustapha , Kiviniemi Arto , Finnegan Stephen , Jones Stephen W. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the processes, tools and techniques of strategic asset information management (AIM) for built assets, and how the asset information content enhances the proficiency of asset managers to effectively manage their assets throughout their life cycle by utilising building information modelling (BIM) and asset management (AM) systems. For most asset managers, the problem is not the lack of information about their assets, but the abundance of it, and most especially the absence of established processes and protocols to effectively manage large sets of asset data. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a strategy to control and manage this information in order for asset managers to harness its potential and realise value from their organisation’s information assets..

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative case study strategy was used to investigate the effective management of asset data in an AIM system. Seven sets of interviews were conducted and nine respondents were interviewed. These were analysed through qualitative thematic analysis using the NVivo software.

Findings
The paper identifies six dimensions of value that BIM contributes to AM, which are: management, commerce, efficiency, industry, user and technology value. Also, the paper demonstrates that there is real value to be derived by the asset owner from the effective management of asset information. The study highlights that the value of BIM is not inherent but would require many other processes to deliver value to the organisation.

Originality/value
The key value of the paper is that it identifies important techniques for managing asset data and how asset information is collected, organised, stored, controlled, analysed, secured, shared and reported within a virtual AIM system for strategic management-based decisions.
Comparison between thermal resistances of optimized water-based and gallium-based heat sinks using the genetic algorithm
Authors: Xiang Xiong , Fan Yu , Liu Wei , Fan Aiwu 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to compare the thermal resistances between optimized gallium- and water-based heat sinks to show which one is superior.

Design/methodology/approach
Taking the thermal resistances of heat sinks as the goal function, an optimization process is programmed based on the genetic algorithm. The optimal channel/fin widths and the corresponding thermal resistances of gallium- and water-based heat sinks are obtained and compared with/without a laminar flow constraint. The analytic model and CFD method are applied in different situations to ensure sufficient accuracy.

Findings
The results show that in the laminar regime, the thermal resistance of optimized gallium-based heat sink is lower than the water-based counterpart in most cases, but the latter becomes better if it is long enough or the channel is sufficient high. Without the laminar constraint, the thermal resistance of the optimized gallium-based heat sink can be decreased by 33-45 per cent compared with the water-based counterparts. It is interesting to find that when the heat sink is long or the channel height is short, the optimal geometry of gallium-based heat sink is a mini gap.

Originality/value
This paper demonstrates that the cooling performance of gallium-based heat sink can be significantly improved by optimization without the laminar flow constraint.
Dynamic relationality toward congruence: a symbiotic solution to cross-cultural negotiations
Authors: Cheng Junjun 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to advance an integrative perspective of dynamic relationality in negotiation research by providing a symbiotic solution to modeling the cultural adaptation process in intercultural negotiations.Design/methodology/approachBased on a solution-oriented symbiotic approach, the authors analyze negotiators’ combination strategy to propose the dynamic convergence of dyadic relational negotiation behavior (RNB) both as a descriptive framework and a prescriptive solution to behavioral congruence in intercultural negotiations. The authors use spreadsheet platform with artificial data input to simulate various RNB dynamics between negotiators.FindingsThe authors identify the research gap between the arelational, static paradigm in negotiation literature and the relational, dynamic reality in negotiation practices, develop a fourfold typology of the existing negotiation research and propose the construct of RNB. The authors simulate the dyadic dynamics of RNB in a symbiotic framework. Results illustrate varied dyadic patterns of convergent RNB dynamics, demonstrating the effectiveness of the symbiotic solution to achieving behavioral congruence under multiple conditions. Propositions are then presented to predict negotiators’ initial relational behavior, describe dyadic coevolution of RNB in intercultural negotiations and explicate the relevant chronic consequences regarding relational and economic capital.Originality/valueThis paper fills a significant knowledge gap in the extant cross-cultural negotiation literature by addressing dynamic behavioral adaptation through a relational lens. This symbiotic framework is both descriptive in its predictive capacity to simulate the complexity of non-linear negotiation environment, and prescriptive in its directive capacity to guide negotiators’ plan of action given each other’s observed behavior with a probability estimation.
Preserving or maneuvring leadership? Teacher unions’ strategies in Israeli educational regulation
Authors: Arielyi Nivi Gal , Tamir Emanuel 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine why, despite the advantages they might gain by participating in regulation of teaching by law, Israeli teachers’ unions leaders abandoned the opportunity to obtain the right of regulation and instead preferred an ambiguous role.Design/methodology/approachThis is a policy research study, involving documentary analysis, focusing on one specific bill and data from interviews with teachers’ union leaders and officials who participated in discussions on the bill, and/or in crucial negotiations concerning teaching regulation.FindingsIt was found that unions’ leaders preferred to leave the licensing process for teaching as an open-ended and constantly negotiable issue with their employer rather than assuming the role of gatekeeper, understanding that this gave them more space and power to maneuvre in future struggles. Consequently, only the Education Ministry determines who becomes a teacher.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings can inform educational policy makers and stakeholders, by giving them a glimpse into policy considerations. New knowledge is offered for the development of theory concerning teaching profession regulation and involvement of the teacher unions in these processes.Practical implicationsPolicy makers may re-evaluate their interests as stakeholders in the education system, when they try to shape the profession through regulation of those who seek to become teachers.Originality/valueThe research sheds light on a hidden part of the policy-making puzzle that most studies do not explore and educational leaders prefer not to discuss especially when there is no proof of achievement, nor a public crisis.
Local school governance and school leadership: practices, processes and pillars
Authors: Leechman Gareth , McCulla Norman , Field Laurie 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the processes and relationships between school councils and school leadership teams in the local governance of 18 independent, faith-based schools in New South Wales, Australia.

Design/methodology/approach
A three-phase, mixed-method research design was used incorporating development of a conceptual framework for local school governance drawn from current literature, face-to face interviews with chairs of school councils and principals, and a subsequent survey of school council members and within-school leadership teams.

Findings
Noting a lack of research into the practices and processes of school council operations and their interface with school leadership, the study identified five key areas that were seen to be foundational to the effectiveness of local governance.

Research limitations/implications
The study contributes an Australian perspective to an international need to better understand local governance arrangements in school leadership and management.

Practical implications
At a practical level, the study provides valuable insights to principals, and to those aspiring to the role, on the nature of the relationship between the school council and school leadership teams.

Social implications
The study responds to a marked increase internationally in local governance arrangements for schools by way of school councils or boards.

Originality/value
A review of literature reveals that, somewhat surprisingly, there has been relatively little research undertaken in this key area of leading and managing schools.
Senior citizens’ acceptance of connected health technologies in their homes
Authors: Etemad-Sajadi Reza , Gomes Dos Santos Gil 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to focus on seniors’ acceptance of the usage of connected healthcare technologies in their homes. The authors integrated into technology acceptance model (TAM) several latent variables such as social presence, trust and degree of intrusiveness perceived with the use of connected health technologies.Design/methodology/approachThe authors distributed the survey by post to 605 seniors. The authors targeted elderly people using connected health technologies (assistive alarm, telecare, sensors, etc.) at home and/or receiving healthcare at home. The authors received 213 questionnaires back. As The authors had several latent variables, the authors used partial least squares (PLS), a variance-based structural equation modeling method.FindingsThe results show that the level of trust in these technologies impacts significantly the perception of usefulness and the degree of intrusiveness. In parallel, the degree of usefulness of these technologies impacts positively elderly people’s intention to accept their usage. Finally, one can claim that the perception of the social presence with the use of these technologies impacts positively the degree of perceived usefulness, trust and intrusiveness.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample covers a population benefiting from similar connected health technologies. It was difficult to distinguish and interpret the added value of each technology separately. As more and more elderly people use or are least familiarizing themselves with a range of connected technologies it would be interesting to identify which sets of connected technologies contribute the most to a positive feeling of social presence.Social implicationsThese results are particularly relevant to stakeholders in the health industry in their quest to improve their products/services. A better understanding of the relation that the elderly have with connected health technologies is an essential prerequisite to supporting the development of new solutions capable of meeting the specific needs of our seniors.Originality/valueThe authors want to apply the TAM to connected health technologies designed for elderly people and the authors also want to extend it by integrating the social presence, trust and degree of intrusiveness variables to our research model.
Ship detection and recognition for offshore and inshore applications: a survey
Authors: S. Iwin Thanakumar Joseph , J. Sasikala , D. Sujitha Juliet 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study various ship detection methodologies. The accuracy of ship detection using satellite images still suffers from disturbances due to cluttered scenes and varying ship sizes. The suitability of the techniques for various applications is explained in this survey.

Design/methodology/approach
A list of data on the subject was gathered and processed into tables. The test outcomes were then discussed to determine the most effective ship detection technique under various complex environments.

Findings
In this work, the advantages and disadvantages of different classification techniques of ship detection are highlighted. The suitability of the techniques for various applications is also explained in this survey. Several hybrid approaches can be developed in order to increase the accuracy of ship detection system. This survey also aids in highlighting the significant contributions of satellite images to effective ship detection system.

Originality/value
In this paper, studying various ship detection methodologies is given specific attention. A survey on ship detection and recognition is clarified with the detailed comparative analysis of various classifier techniques.
Leave policies in Europe: current policies, future directions
Authors: Moss Peter , Deven Fred 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the development of leave policies in Europe, both at a regional and national level, and to consider what future directions such policies might take to meet changing conditions and emerging needs.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on the work of an international network that the authors founded in 2004, which brings together experts on leave policy from over 40 countries, and in particular on an annual review of national leave policies conducted by network members.FindingsThe article presents developments in European legislation on leave policy stretching from 1883 to the present day, and outlines the extent of leave policies in European countries and the wide variations in the design of these policies. It suggests that future directions in leave policy need to address the relationship between this and other policy areas; the need for a life course perspective to leave policy, getting beyond parental leave; and that leave should turn away from being considered an employment benefit towards becoming a universal right to care.Originality/valueThe paper provides a concise overview of leave policy in the global region where leave policies began and are today most developed, at both a regional and national level. It is also intended to stimulate debate about the future directions that leave policy might take.
A conceptualization of corporate social (ir)responsibility and moral intensity in the supply chain
Authors: Ferguson Jodie , Brown Brian , Boyd D. Eric 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) within the supply chain. The discussion focuses on the social component of social responsibility and explores its effects on end-users. Moreover, this paper presents moral intensity, a construct introduced in the ethics literature, as a potential guide to managers who struggle to navigate the gray area between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and CSI.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper conceptualizes CSI within the supply chain and offers a framework and propositions for understanding and preventing irresponsible behavior from a moral intensity perspective.

Findings
The moral intensity framework provides a normative approach with the potential to guide managers who face choices involving decisions that might lead to irresponsible behavior in interorganizational settings.

Originality/value
This paper draws attention to business-to-business CSI and the limited research that focuses on the social aspects of CSR, rather than the environmental and economic factors emphasized in prior research. It also introduces the moral intensity framework to the supply chain literature and highlights the end-user’s (i.e. consumer’s) role in influencing the performance of the overall value chain.
The importance of information service offerings of collaborative CRMs on decision-making in B2B marketing
Authors: Saura José Ramón , Palos-Sanchez Pedro , Blanco-González Alicia 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The importance of information service offerings is directly linked to decision-making processes for buying and selling in business-to-business (B2B) companies. B2B companies intend to offer information that helps other companies choose a product or service. This paper aims to identify the relationship between the types of information offered by a B2B company in its B2B marketing strategy and the decision-making of the companies which buy products and services.

Design/methodology/approach
For this purpose, a data set has been consulted that contains 439 observations that are the result of transactions using customer relationship managements (CRMs) of B2B-type companies. A total of 9 different products were consulted from 20 B2B vendors that manage their transactions with CRM software for B2B operations. A total of 439 different transactions were recorded by these vendors during 2018 (n = 439) with their information service offerings strategies. The results were analyzed with the partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings
The results showed that the significance of the relationship between internal control factors and external control factors (H4) is the strongest one when using information services offerings strategies in a B2B environment. The results of this research can help B2B companies to improve their decision-making strategies and to define the structure of the information offered in their B2B marketing plans.

Originality/value
This research makes a contribution to an existing gap, which is to identify what the most important information is for purchasing companies in B2B environments and the relationship with this information, so that B2B purchasers can make good decisions thanks to the information service offerings strategy of the selling companies using CRMs.
Design of services in servitized firms: gamification as an adequate tool
Authors: García-Magro Cristina , Soriano-Pinar Isabel 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThis paper aim to propose a model of analysis that justifies gamification as an adequate tool to improve the design of services through the human centered design (HCD) methodology.Design/methodology/approachThe present study is a conceptual contribution. Based on the information provided by the academic literature on the design of services, HCD and gamification, the suitability of the proposed model is justified to help the servitized companies to improve the design of their services.FindingsThere is a gap in the academic literature about how a servitized company develops its service design process; consumers demand experiences through services; involving consumers in the co-creation of value and co-design of services can guide servitized companies to achieve success with servitization; gamification is an effective tool as a relational marketing strategy.Research limitations/implicationsThe review of the literature carried out in this paper provides a solid theoretical basis for future researchers in the area of servitization, service design and relational marketing. However, given the conceptual nature of the research, it is necessary to validate empirically the proposed model.Practical implicationsThe proposed model can be useful as a reference for manufacturing companies to guide their servitization process. The study extends the debate on how to integrate the design of services by presenting a model of development based on gamification.Originality/valueHaving knowledge of the end-user is essential throughout the service design process and gamification can be achieved as a HCD technique.
Exploring the opportunity of digital voice assistants in the logistics and transportation industry
Authors: Hsiao Wei-Hung , Chang Tsung-Sheng 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The logistics industry has benefited hugely from the growth of e-commerce. The logistics and transportation industry operators have realized that higher-quality service and logistics management provides the competitive edge as the primary channel of communication with consumers. Digital voice assistants (DVA) is an information system based on an artificial intelligence framework that can interact through voice, such that a deliveryman can query for or use information in a relatively short time. The purpose of this paper is to explore the value of DVA in logistic service.

Design/methodology/approach
This study aims to develop a framework for innovation and logistics service capabilities of logistics and transportation services to structure a model based on the analysis hierarchy process method to discuss the factors considered when adopting DVA.

Findings
The results of this study implied that common problem and expectations of current operators in the delivery of goods and their expectations of DVA.

Practical implications
Innovative operations and planning are possible with information technology-enabled logistic services. It is important to identify relevant DVA development avenues.

Originality/value
The purpose of this study is to show which factors are significant to the logistics and transportation industry using DVA to aid the deliverymen, and it provides guidance for manager evaluating adopted DVA and its object.