bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccination or Termination: The Issue of Mandatory Influenza Vaccinations for Healthcare Workers
Authors: DeYoung Emily 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Today, arguably the most common assertion against mandatory vaccinations comes from parents using the Due Process Clause to challenge mandatory vaccinations, claiming the mandates violate their children’s substantive due process rights. Ordinarily, schools allow certain exemptions to tenderly avoid violating the children’s constitutional rights. Many children may have parents advocating for their exemption from these vaccinations, but what about those who have less sway in an argument for exemption? What is at stake for children is their admission into a specific school, and even if they are denied admittance, their parents always have the option to homeschool them if they truly feel so passionately against mandatory vaccinations. However, a healthcare worker who is seeking employment, or who is already employed, does not have as much sway or alternatives when it comes to opposing a mandatory immunization policy. Employers have begun implementing mandatory influenza immunization programs, but even the employers who grant accommodations exempting certain healthcare employees impose some form of additional infection-control practice (e.g. requiring exempt healthcare workers to wear facemasks while on duty, wear different color badges, or placing them in alternative positions during flu season). These mandatory influenza immunization programs, and the alternatives required if healthcare workers acquire exemptions, strike a critical balance between the workers’ constitutional rights and the overarching public safety issues.
Vitamin C, omega-3 and paracetamol pharmacokinetic interactions using saliva specimens as determiners
Authors: Jaccob Ausama Ayob , Ahmed Zainab Haroon , Aljasani Baan Majid 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
With its low side effects profile and availability as an over-the-counter drug, paracetamol has been utilized extensively worldwide as an antipyretic and analgesic agent for decades. This is associated with the increasing concern over its ease of access and/or unawareness of the consumers to this issue of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Paracetamol-induced liver injury today is a big problem where most of the researchers are interested in the possible role of the naturally available antioxidants to ameliorate hepatotoxicity through kinetic interference. So the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of vitamin C and omega-3 on the pharmacokinetic property of paracetamol.

Methods
Six young (average age 29) healthy volunteers participated in the study. The study included three consecutive periods, each of which preceded by overnight fasting and separated by 6 day washout periods. The first period involved the ingestion of a single paracetamol dose. The second one included the ingestion of paracetamol and vitamin C concomitantly, and the final period included paracetamol plus omega-3. Saliva samples were collected and prepared for High-performance liquid chromatography analysis.

Results
There was a significant increase in saliva paracetamol level after 30 min of administration when given concomitantly with vitamin C compared with the remaining groups. No significant differences in the paracetamol concentration profile between the subjects for each group were observed at 60, 90, 120 and 150 min in all treated groups.

Conclusion
Concurrent administration of vitamin C with paracetamol increases significantly the C
max level (maximum measured concentration) in saliva and increases the extent of absorption and the possibility of drug-drug interaction and risk of side effects.
Evolutionary history of water voles revisited: confronting a new phylogenetic model from molecular data with the fossil record
Authors: Mahmoudi Ahmad , Maul Lutz C. , Khoshyar Masoumeh , Darvish Jamshid , Aliabadian Mansour , Kryštufek Boris 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Recent water voles (genus Arvicola) display a prominent morphological diversity with a strong ecotypical background but with unclear taxonomic associations. We provide a novel synthetic view on the evolutionary history and the current taxonomic richness in the genus. Our molecular reconstruction, based on a 1143-bp-long sequence of cytochrome b and a 926-bp interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (irbp) confirmed the monophyly of four species (amphibius, sapidus, monticola and italicus) recognized thus far, and retrieved a new deeply divergent lineage from West Iran. Genetic divergence of the Iranian lineage (>9.0%) is inside the range of interspecies distances, exceeding the interspecies divergences between the remaining Arvicola species (range, 4.3–8.7%). The oldest name available for the Iranian phylogroup is Arvicola persicus de Filippi, 1865, with the type locality in Soltaniyeh, Iran. The molecular clock suggests the divergence of A. persicus in the Early Pleistocene (2.545 Ma), and the current radiation of the remaining species between 1.535 Ma (Arvicola sapidus) and 0.671 Ma. While A. sapidus possibly evolved from Arvicola jacobaeus, a fossil ancestor to A. persicus is unknown. The aquatic life-style of Mimomys savini, a direct ancestor to some fossil Arvicola, is retained in recent stem species A. sapidus and A. persicus, while a major shift toward fossorial morphotype characterizes the terminal lineages (amphibius, italicus and monticola). We suggest that habitat-dependent morphological plasticity and positive enamel differentiation in Arvicola amphibius widened its ecological niche that might trigger a range expansion across c. 12 million km2, making it one of the largest among arvicolines.
Crystal structure of 3-methyl-2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine, C15H12N2
Authors: Wen Yuan , Xiao Xin-Sheng , Jia Guo-Kai 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
C15H12N2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.323(4) Å, b = 6.975(3) Å, c = 22.411(11) Å, β = 93.195(5)°, V = 1143.0(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0457, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1324, T = 296(2) K.
Investigation of Crack Propagation in Asphalt Pavement Based on APT Result and LEFM Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Mai Lan , Chupin Olivier , Blanc Juliette , Piau Jean-Michel , Hornych Pierre , Lefeuvre Yann 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
When reinforcing existing cracked asphalt pavements, the design and evaluation of the durability of the reinforced structure are quite different from those of a new pavement generally based on fatigue criteria deduced from stress and strain fields computed for the undamaged pavement. For the design of reinforcement solutions, the presence of cracks and their propagation must be considered explicitly. To move in this direction, the present article aims at improving the understanding of bottom-up crack propagation in asphalt pavements. Some investigations relying on the interpretation of an accelerated full-scale fatigue test are presented as well as the numerical analysis of this test through the theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics and the Paris law. The tested pavement section is composed of four layers. The two uppermost layers are made of asphalt concrete (AC) materials whose modulus and fatigue performances are different. The pavement is subjected to repeated loads applied by the Fatigue du Béton Armé Continu (FABAC) traffic simulator of the French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks (IFSTTAR), and the development of cracking in the AC layers is monitored using embedded instrumentation and Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) test campaigns. To better control the crack pattern that develops during the fatigue test, an artificial flaw (metal angle) is purposely placed at the bottom of the AC layers (in the transverse direction to the moving loads) to localize the initiation of cracking. A bottom-up crack is supposed to grow vertically from this defect in the AC layers. This is effectively detected and followed by the experimental measurements, which are combined to model for the analysis of the test. Finally, the kinetics of crack growth deduced from the Accelerated Pavement Test (APT) results and those computed using the Paris law calibrated from fatigue tests performed in the laboratory are compared.
Echocardiographic global longitudinal strain is associated with infarct size assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Joseph Gowsini , Zaremba Tomas , Johansen Martin Berg , Ekeloef Sarah , Heiberg Einar , Engblom Henrik , Jensen Svend Eggert , Sogaard Peter 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate if there was an association between infarct size (IS) measured by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and echocardiographic global longitudinal strain (GLS) in the early stage of acute myocardial infarction in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention were assessed with CMR and transthoracic echocardiogram within 1 week of hospital admission. Two-dimensional speckle tracking was performed using a semi-automatic algorithm (EchoPac, GE Healthcare). Longitudinal strain curves were generated in a 17-segment model covering the entire left ventricular myocardium. GLS was calculated automatically. LVEF was measured by auto-LVEF in EchoPac. IS was measured by late gadolinium enhancement CMR in short-axis views covering the left ventricle. The study population consisted of 49 patients (age 60.4 ± 9.7 years; 92% male). The study population had preserved echocardiographic LVEF with a mean of 45.8 ± 8.7%. For each percent increase of IS, we found an impairment in GLS by 1.59% (95% CI 0.57–2.61), P = 0.02, after adjustment for sex, age and LVEF. No significant association between IS and echocardiographic LVEF was found: −0.25 (95% CI: −0.61 to 0.11), P = 0.51. At the segmental level, the strongest association between IS and longitudinal strain was found in the apical part of the LV: impairment of 1.69% (95% CI: 1.14–2.23), P < 0.001, for each percent increase in IS. In conclusion, GLS was significantly associated with IS in the early stage of acute myocardial infarction in patients with preserved LVEF, and this association was strongest in the apical part of the LV. No association between IS and LVEF was found.
Testing for Meningitis in Febrile Well-Appearing Young Infants With a Positive Urinalysis
Authors: Wang Marie E. , Biondi Eric A. , McCulloh Russell J. , Garber Matthew D. , Natt Beth C. , Lucas Brian P. , Schroeder Alan R. 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:To determine factors associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing in febrile young infants with a positive urinalysis and assess the probability of delayed diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in infants treated for urinary tract infection (UTI) without CSF testing.METHODS:We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the Reducing Excessive Variability in Infant Sepsis Evaluation quality improvement project. A total of 20 570 well-appearing febrile infants 7 to 60 days old presenting to 124 hospitals from 2015 to 2017 were included. A mixed-effects logistic regression was conducted to determine factors associated with CSF testing. Delayed meningitis was defined as a new diagnosis of bacterial meningitis within 7 days of discharge.RESULTS:Overall, 3572 infants had a positive urinalysis; 2511 (70.3%) underwent CSF testing. There was wide variation by site, with CSF testing rates ranging from 64% to 100% for infants 7 to 30 days old and 10% to 100% for infants 31 to 60 days old. Factors associated with CSF testing included: age 7 to 30 days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 4.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8–5.5), abnormal inflammatory markers (aOR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.8–2.5), and site volume &gt;300 febrile infants per year (aOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2–2.6). Among 505 infants treated for UTI without CSF testing, there were 0 (95% CI: 0%–0.6%) cases of delayed meningitis.CONCLUSIONS:There was wide variation in CSF testing in febrile infants with a positive urinalysis. Among infants treated for UTI without CSF testing (mostly 31 to 60-day-old infants), there were no cases of delayed meningitis within 7 days of discharge, suggesting that routine CSF testing of infants 31 to 60 days old with a positive urinalysis may not be necessary.
ALG9 Mutation Carriers Develop Kidney and Liver Cysts
Authors: Besse Whitney , Chang Alex R. , Luo Jonathan Z. , Triffo William J. , Moore Bryn S. , Gulati Ashima , Hartzel Dustin N. , Mane Shrikant ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, Torres Vicente E. , Somlo Stefan , Mirshahi Tooraj 
Published: August 2019

Significance Statement
Dominantly inherited polycystic kidney and liver phenotypes occur when epithelial cells in these organs have reduction of polycystin-1 functional dosage. In a cohort of genetically unresolved polycystic liver and kidney disease, the authors identified heterozygous loss of function mutations in ALG9. ALG9 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum enzyme that builds N-glycans, and the authors show that Alg9 inactivation results in impaired polycystin-1 maturation. Using a novel ‘genotype-first’ approach to ascertain individuals based strictly on their ALG9 genotype from a large cohort of exome-sequenced individuals, the authors find that 7/8 (88%) of ALG9 mutation carriers over age 50 have multiple kidney cysts. Together, these findings identify ALG9 as a novel human polycystic kidney and liver disease gene and support the utility of a genotype-driven approach to candidate disease gene validation and genotype-phenotype correlation.

Background
Mutations in PKD1 or PKD2 cause typical autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the most common monogenic kidney disease. Dominantly inherited polycystic kidney and liver diseases on the ADPKD spectrum are also caused by mutations in at least six other genes required for protein biogenesis in the endoplasmic reticulum, the loss of which results in defective production of the PKD1 gene product, the membrane protein polycystin-1 (PC1).

Methods
We used whole-exome sequencing in a cohort of 122 patients with genetically unresolved clinical diagnosis of ADPKD or polycystic liver disease to identify a candidate gene, ALG9, and in vitro cell-based assays of PC1 protein maturation to functionally validate it. For further validation, we identified carriers of ALG9 loss-of-function mutations and noncarrier matched controls in a large exome-sequenced population-based cohort and evaluated the occurrence of polycystic phenotypes in both groups.

Results
Two patients in the clinically defined cohort had rare loss-of-function variants in ALG9, which encodes a protein required for addition of specific mannose molecules to the assembling N-glycan precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. In vitro assays showed that inactivation of Alg9 results in impaired maturation and defective glycosylation of PC1. Seven of the eight (88%) cases selected from the population-based cohort based on ALG9 mutation carrier state who had abdominal imaging after age 50; seven (88%) had at least four kidney cysts, compared with none in matched controls without ALG9 mutations.

Conclusions

ALG9 is a novel disease gene in the genetically heterogeneous ADPKD spectrum. This study supports the utility of phenotype characterization in genetically-defined cohorts to validate novel disease genes, and provide much-needed genotype-phenotype correlations.
Effect of Intravenous Phenobarbital on Left Ventricular Myocardial Contractility Determined by Echocardiography in Children
Authors: Doshi Arpan R. , Malhotra Monesha Gupta , Balaguru Duraisamy , Amre Devendra , Erikson Christain 
Published: August 2019

Introduction. Animal studies and rare human studies have suggesteda negative effect of barbiturates on cardiac function. Althoughintravenous (IV) phenobarbital is used routinely in children in theclinical setting, studies in children are lacking. We performed a studyto evaluate effect of IV phenobarbital loading on myocardial systolicfunction of children.Methods.xIn a prospective pilot study in children without congenitalheart defects, the effect of IV phenobarbital was evaluated on theleft ventricular systolic function measured by ejection fraction (EF)by Simpson’s method via an echocardiogram. Any child less than 18years of age who received IV loading dose of at least 20 mg/kg ofphenobarbital given as an infusion over 20 - 30 minutes for variousmedical indications was eligible to take part in the study. Three measurementsof EF by an echocardiogram were made: before loadingdose, 30 minutes after completion of the loading dose, and prior tothe first maintenance dose. Relevant clinical data were recorded,including vital signs, immediately prior to each echocardiogram.Change of function as measured by EF over time was analyzed usinglinear mixed modeling methods. For this study, significant change inblood pressure was defined as a drop of at least 20 mmHg in systolicblood pressure.Results. Ten children (70% female, age range two days to 8.2 years)were enrolled. Three had hypotension with a drop of systolic bloodpressure greater than 20 mmHg from baseline. On examining thetrajectory of EF on each individual graphically, the left ventricularEF tended to fall immediately following phenobarbital therapy andreturn to baseline on re-evaluation. These trajectories were statisticallysignificant for EF.Conclusions. Phenobarbital had a direct and transient depressanteffect on systolic function of the myocardium in one third of the cases.The depression in EF appeared to be transient with return to baseline in less than 24 hours. We recommend close monitoring with anticipationof decreased function in children when using IV phenobarbital.Kans J Med 2019;12(2):40-44.
Manajemen Komunikasi Intrapribadi (KIP)
Authors: Arbi Armawati 
Published: August 2019

Komunikasi intrapribadi (KIP) atau intrapersonal communication (IC) masih jarang dibicarakan dalam dakwah maupun komunikasi. Dalam KIP juga membutuhkan skrip sebagai mana pembawa acara dalam komunikasi organisasi atau penyiar akan menyiapkan run down dalam skrip acara. Selain itu KIP juga membutuhkan manajemen karena KIP merupakan kompetensi dasar komunikasi, akar pohon, dan fondasi dari semua dimensi komunikasi. Namun pendakwah, pejabat publik, dan mitra dakwah mengabaikannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Kajian literatur ini mengikuti petunjuk Creswell 2004, pertama mengidentifikasi istilah-istilah kunci, intrapersonal communication (IC) atau KIP (James Lantof, 2009) dan dimensi manusia (Baharuddin, 2007). Pertanyaan umum yang telah ditemukan adalah dimensi manusia yang terlengkap dalam Islam, yaitu kubus jiwa manusia Baharuddin. Kedua, membuat tema dimensi manusia tersebut ke dalam tabel dari literatur buku Psikologi Islam, buku Motivator, dan buku yang membahas membangun karakter. Jenis kajian ini analisis berdasarkan tema. Ketiga, kategorisasi disusun berdasarkan tema-tema setiap dimensi manusia dalam membangun karakter dan kecerdasan. Kontribusi artikel ini menemukan konsep dasar komunikasi Islam dan menunjukan betapa pentingnya manajemen KIP.
Kata kunci: Intrapersonal Communication (IC) Management through Dialog
Interaksionisme Simbolik Pasangan Suami-Isteri Ketika Berada di Media WhatsApp (WA)
Authors: Putri Puri Kusuma Dwi 
Published: August 2019

Komunikasi antarpribadi secara intensif antara pasangan suami-isteri sudah bukan menjadi suatu hal yang penting dalam kehidupan rumah tangga ketika kehadiran media sosial semakin banyak, maju dan berada di genggaman individu modern. Sering dijumpai bahwa pada waktu pasangan (suami atau isteri) lebih banyak untuk chatting dengan teman-teman melalui media sosial salah satunya dengan WhatsApp (WA). Walaupun telihatnya chatting melalui handphone dengan Pria Idalam Lain (PIL) atau Wanita Idaman Lain (WIL), hal itu tentunya menimbulkan kecemburuan, konflik hingga perceraian dengan pasangan Tulisan ini menggunakan study literature. Teori interaksi simbolik (Symbolic Interaction Theory) menekankan pada hubungan antara simbol dan interaksi yang diberi nama Mind, Self, and Society, gejala perubahan sosial dari perspektif teori interaksi dapat dilihat bahwa pasangan suami-isteri yang semakin dalam berinteraksi melalui WA dengan PIL atau WIL akan membuat ketahanan keluarga terancam dan kepercayaan keduanya dapat menurun, serta kontribusi teori komunikasi dalam perspektif teori interaksi yakni Mead menyebut looking-glass-self dan konsep diri yang dihasilkan melalui interaksi.
Kata kunci: media sosial, chatting, WhatsApp, pasangan

Intensive interpersonal communication between husband and wife has no longer become an important part domestic life following the advancement social media in the life the modern individual. Often found that when a couple (husband or wife) has more time to chat with friends using social medias. WhatsApp (WA) is one of them. In other case, chatting with affairs would cause jealousy, conflict or even divorce. The research of this paper uses literature study. Symbolic Interaction Theory emphasizes the relationship between symbols and interaction named Mind, Self, and Society. Symptoms of social change from perspective interaction theory tell that the couples who are increasingly interacting with affairsvia WhatsApp would have their marriage threatened. Moreover, the contribution of communication theory in theperspective of interaction theory of Mead mentioned the looking-glass-self and the concept of self are generated through interaction.
Keywords: social media, chat, WhatsApp, couple
Communication Strategies Used by Students in Indonesia
Authors: Arum Whandani Anasan , Taufiq Wahyu 
Published: August 2019

This research aims at investigating the communication strategies used by the students at some courses in Indonesia. The data is taken from conversations and interview five students in active speaking class. The data were used observed and recorded. After obtaining the data from the dialogue script of the students, the researcher concluded that their communication strategies were very relevant with Tarone's theory. In this theory explained that the communication strategy has two types; verbal and non verbal. Verbal communication strategie,s there are several kinds, such as; Avoidance (topic message, avoidance abandonment), Paraphrase (approximation, word coinage, circumlocution), Borrowing (literal translation, language mix), and the Appeal of Assistance. While the non verbal communication strategy, this is only one category which is Mime, when the student uses non verbal tactics in place of lexical item or action. Effect of the study in this writing form is expected to be an important source of information for teachers and learners because the purpose is to increase education quality, especially related to the problem of mastering speaking and using the communication strategies.