bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using virtual reality simulation to address racism in a healthcare setting
Authors: Beavers Lindsay , Vo Tin , Lee Julia , Duvage Thanya , Mullins Hollie , Tewari Aradhana , Needham Allison , Brydges Ryan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRacism continues to plague Western societies’ institutions, including the healthcare system. Despite the evidence of racism’s negative impacts on healthcare providers, administrators, patients, and families, healthcare workers report hesitancy in taking action to address racism in the workplace. Simulation, with its experiential pedagogy and foundation in psychological safety, may be an educational tool to support practical training. Guided by a social cognitive view of regulation of learning, we piloted virtual reality (VR) modules focused on addressing bias, privilege, and microaggressions. We used pre-/post-surveys, reflective journals, built-in VR platform data, and simulation debriefing session notes to better understand the effectiveness and usability of these VR modules in our organization. Overall, participants found the VR modules highly valuable, and we noted a shift in participants’ reported intentions to take action to address racism in the workplace. Participants also noted the importance of a multifaceted plan that goes beyond education to ensure a meaningful culture shift toward addressing racism at work. Practical lessons from this pilot study included the necessity of an informed debriefing plan focused on participants’ positionality and power and the need to deeply understand our institution’s information technology (IT) environment to ensure successful deployment of VR technology.
DSA-based perfusion parameters versus TICI score after mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischaemic stroke patients: a congruence analysis
Authors: Reder Sebastian R. , Kronfeld Andrea , Gröschel Sonja , Civelek Arda , Gröschel Klaus , Brockmann Marc A. , Uphaus Timo , Hahn Marianne , Brockmann Carolin , Othman Ahmed E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Several factors are frequently considered for outcome prediction rin stroke patients. We assessed the value of digital subtraction angiography (DSA)-based brain perfusion measurements after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for outcome prediction in acute ischaemic stroke.

Methods
From DSA image data (n = 90; 38 females; age 73.3 ± 13.1 years [mean ± standard deviation]), time-contrast agent (CA) concentration curves were acquired, and maximum slope (MS), time to peak (TTP), and maximum CA concentration (CAmax) were calculated using an arterial input function. This data was used to predict neurological deficits at 24 h and upon discharge by using multiple regression analysis; the predictive capability was compared with the predictive power of the “Thrombolysis in cerebral infarction” (TICI) score. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of the NIHSS values were analysed.

Results
The comparison of means revealed a linear trend after stratification into TICI classes for CAmax (TICI 0: 0.07 ± 0.02 a.u. to TICI 3: 0.22 ± 0.07 a.u.; p < 0.001), and for MS (TICI 0: 0.04 ± 0.01 a.u./s to TICI 3: 0.12 ± 0.0  a.u./s; p < 0.001). Regression analyses demonstrated equivalent capabilities for estimating neurological deficits after 24 h and at discharge using both the TICI score and DSA-based perfusion parameters (ΔR² ~ 0.03). Compared to the actual NIHSS, the ICC ranged from 0.55 to 0.84 for DSA-based models and from 0.6 to 0.82 for TICI-based models.

Conclusion
Semi-quantitative evaluation of DSA-based perfusion parameters prior to and after MT is feasible and could enhance the objectivity and comparability of MT outcome prediction. This technique may offer novel approaches in acute ischaemic stroke management and data comparability.

Relevance statement
DSA-based brain perfusion measurements following interventional stroke therapy could allow for an experience-independent assessment of reperfusion success. It demonstrates predictive power at least equivalent to the established methods. This could support a future automated DSA-based brain perfusion measurement method.

Key Points

Currently, the evaluation of stroke therapy success is based on the treating physician’s experience.

The present study introduces an objective semi-quantitative evaluation method.

In predicting clinical outcomes, the traditional expert-based and semi-quantitative methods are equivalent.

Graphical Abstract
Fully automatic quantification of pulmonary fat attenuation volume by CT: an exploratory pilot study
Authors: Salhöfer Luca , Holtkamp Mathias , Bonella Francesco , Umutlu Lale , Wienker Johannes , Westhölter Dirk , Welsner Matthias , Taube Christian , Darwiche Kaid , Kohnke Judith , Straus Jannis , Beck Nikolas , Frings Marko , Zensen Sebastian , Hosch Rene , Baldini Giulia , Nensa Felix , Opitz Marcel , Haubold Johannes 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Non-malignant chronic diseases remain a major public health concern. Given the alterations in lipid metabolism and deposition in the lung and its association with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (fILD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), this study aimed to detect those alterations using computed tomography (CT)-based analysis of pulmonary fat attenuation volume (CTpfav).

Methods
This observational retrospective single-center study involved 716 chest CT scans from three subcohorts: control (n = 279), COPD (n = 283), and fILD (n = 154). Fully automated quantification of CTpfav based on lung segmentation and HU-thresholding. The pulmonary fat index (PFI) was derived by normalizing CTpfav to the CT lung volume. Statistical analyses were conducted using Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc tests.

Results
Patients with fILDs demonstrated a significant increase in CTpfav (median 71.0 mL, interquartile range [IQR] 59.7 mL, p < 0.001) and PFI (median 1.9%, IQR 2.4%, p < 0.001) when compared to the control group (CTpfav median 43.6 mL, IQR 16.94 mL; PFI median 0.9%, IQR 0.5%). In contrast, individuals with COPD exhibited significantly reduced CTpfav (median 36.2 mL, IQR 11.4 mL, p < 0.001) and PFI (median 0.5%, IQR 0.2%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The study underscores the potential of CTpfav and PFI as imaging biomarkers for detecting changes in lung lipid metabolism and deposition and demonstrates a possibility of tracking these alterations in patients with COPD and ILDs. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore the clinical relevance of CTpfav and PFI in lung disease management.

Relevance statement
This study introduces a fully automated method for quantifying CTpfav, potentially establishing it as a new imaging biomarker for chronic lung diseases.

Key Points

This retrospective observational study employed an open-source, automated algorithm for the quantification of CT pulmonary fat attenuation volume (CTpfav).

Patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (fILD) showed a significantly higher CTpfav and pulmonary fat index (PFI), i.e., CTpfav/CT lung volume, compared to a control group.

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) showed significantly lower CTpfav and PFI compared to the control group.

CTpfav and PFI may each serve as imaging biomarkers for various lung diseases and warrant further investigation.

Graphical Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in patients who undergo knee arthroscopy: a systematic review
Authors: Dave Udit , Lewis Emma G. , Ierulli Victoria K. , Saraf Shreya M. , Mulcahey Mary K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Knee arthroscopy is one of the most common procedures performed by orthopedic surgeons. A potentially life-threatening complication following this procedure is deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT prophylaxis can be obtained both mechanically (e.g., compression stockings) and chemically (e.g., aspirin, anticoagulants, and factor Xa inhibitors). Currently, there is no standardized guideline for DVT prophylaxis following knee arthroscopy. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize how DVT prophylaxis is employed for patients who undergo knee arthroscopy.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies published after 1998 according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were included if they evaluated DVT prophylaxis regimens in patients of any age who underwent knee arthroscopy. Studies not written in English, that analyzed animals or cadavers, that did not directly evaluate patients undergoing knee arthroscopy, or that did not address DVT prophylaxis were excluded.

Results
The initial search identified 300 studies, 15 of which were included. These 15 studies examined methods of DVT prophylaxis, including compression stockings (2 of 18; 11%), aspirin (1 of 18; 6%), factor Xa inhibitors (2 of 18; 11%), low-molecular-weight heparin (12 of 18; 67%), and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (1 of 18; 6%). Overall, 7 of 15 (47%) studies recommended DVT prophylaxis in all patients, and 3 (20%) studies supported its use for high-risk patients. Five (33%) studies did not support DVT prophylaxis, citing low incidence of postoperative DVT.

Conclusions
Compression stockings, aspirin, factor Xa inhibitors, and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) were identified as possible options for DVT prophylaxis in patients undergoing knee arthroscopy. For high-risk knee arthroscopy patients, factor Xa inhibitors and LMWH drugs are appropriate for DVT prophylaxis.
Level of evidence Level III, systematic review of level I–III studies.
Emergency department presentations and admission for common mental disorders following agency-notified child maltreatment at 40-year follow-up: results from the Childhood Adversity and Lifetime Morbidity study
Authors: Kisely Steve , Bull Claudia , Trott Mike , Arnautovska Urska , Siskind Dan , Warren Nicola , Najman Jake Moses 
Published: December 2024

Background
Most evidence on associations between child maltreatment and subsequent common mental disorders (CMDs) comes from retrospective studies. Such findings may be affected by recall bias. Prospective studies of reports to statutory agencies are less common and may be subject to attrition bias.

Aim
To examine the associations of child maltreatment with emergency department presentations and in-patient admissions for CMDs in individuals up to 40 years old.

Method
Queensland-wide administrative health data were linked to a prospective birth cohort, including agency-reported and substantiated notifications of child maltreatment. Outcomes were emergency department presentations and in-patient admissions for CMDs.

Results
There were 6087 participants, of which 10.1% had been the subject of a child maltreatment notification. Admissions for CMDs occurred in 198 participants (3.3%) and emergency department presentations in 291 (4.8%). In the adjusted analysis, substantiated child maltreatment was associated with both admissions (odds ratio 1.92; 95% CI = 1.19–3.00) and emergency department presentations (odds ratio 2.10; 95% CI = 1.45–3.03). All agency-reported and substantiated child maltreatment subtypes (neglect, physical, sexual and emotional abuse) were associated with emergency department presentations for CMDs and notifications for more than one child maltreatment subtype. In the subgroup analysis, child maltreatment was associated with emergency department presentations for both anxiety (odds ratio 2.73; 95% CI = 1.68–4.43) and depression (odds ratio 2.23; 95% CI = 1.62–3.26) but with admissions only for depression (odds ratio 2.10; 95% CI = 1.15–3.84).

Conclusions
Child maltreatment is associated with both emergency department presentations and hospital admissions for CMDs in individuals up to 40 years old. Screening for child maltreatment in people presenting to hospital with CMDs may be indicated, as well as a greater awareness that survivors of child maltreatment may be at higher risk of developing such symptoms.
Risk of admission to hospital for self-harm after admission to hospital for COVID-19: French nationwide longitudinal study
Authors: Pirard Philippe , Decio Valentina , Pignon Baptiste , Bouaziz Olivier , Perduca Vittorio , Kovess-Masfety Viviane , Corruble Emmanuelle , Chin Francis , Geoffroy Pierre A. , Strat Yann Le , Messika Jonathan , Regnault Nolwenn , Tebeka Sarah 
Published: December 2024

Background
Assessing the risk of subsequent self-harm after hospitalisation for COVID-19 is critical for mental health care planning during and after the pandemic.

Aims
This study aims to compare the risk of admission to hospital for self-harm within 12 months following a COVID-19 hospitalisation during the first half of 2020, with the risk following hospitalisations for other reasons.

Method
Using the French administrative healthcare database, logistic regression models were employed to analyse data from patients admitted to hospitals in metropolitan France between January and June 2020. The analysis included adjustments for sociodemographic factors, psychiatric history and the level of care received during the initial hospital stay.

Results
Of the 96 313 patients hospitalised for COVID-19, 336 (0.35%) were subsequently admitted for self-harm within 12 months, compared to 20 135 (0.72%) of 2 797 775 patients admitted for other reasons. This difference remained significant after adjusting for sociodemographic factors (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.59–0.73), psychiatric disorder history (aOR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.58–0.73) and the level of care received during the initial hospital stay (aOR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.63–0.78). History of psychiatric disorders and intensive care were strongly correlated with increased risk, while older age was inversely associated with self-harm admissions.

Conclusions
Hospitalisation for COVID-19 during the early pandemic was linked to a lower risk of subsequent self-harm than hospitalisation for other reasons. Clinicians should consider psychiatric history and intensive care factors in evaluating the risk of future suicide.
Modeling Disability-Free Life Expectancy With Duration Dependence: A Research Note on the Bias in the Markov Assumption
Authors: Shen Tianyu , O'Donnell James 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Demographic studies on healthy life expectancy often rely on the Markov assumption, which fails to consider the duration of exposure to risk. To address this limitation, models like the duration-dependent multistate life table (DDMSLT) have been developed. However, these models cannot be directly applied to left-censored survey data, as they require knowledge of the time spent in the initial state, which is rarely known because of survey design. This research note presents a flexible approach for utilizing this type of survey data within the DDMSLT framework to estimate multistate life expectancies. The approach involves partially dropping left-censored observations and truncating the duration length after which duration dependence is assumed to be minimal. Utilizing the U.S. Health and Retirement Study, we apply this approach to compute disability-free/healthy life expectancy (HLE) among older adults in the United States and compare duration-dependent models to the typical multistate model with the Markov assumption. Findings suggest that while duration dependence is present in transition probabilities, its effect on HLE is averaged out. As a result, the bias in this case is minimal, and the Markov assumption provides a plausible and parsimonious estimate of HLE.
Technologies of Hope (Fiction, Platforms, Management)
Authors: Kohlbry Marc 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article leverages the Nuit Debout social movement in France and contemporary French science fiction to explore the links between information technologies and economic precarity. To accomplish this, it foregrounds a short story born of the movement, Ketty Steward's “ALIVE,” which follows three contingent workers as they act on, for, and through the megacorporation ALIVE's proprietary platform. Employees access this amalgamation of ratings-based social network and Amazon-like marketplace by way of digital interfaces that the author formally reproduces with modifications to typeface and page layout. The result is much more than a literary portrayal of the so-called Uberization of work; instead, readers of “ALIVE” confront a dystopian tangle of code that, when unraveled, points to how workers can be compelled to manage themselves. Further, the story charts certain historical processes that would usher France into the neoliberal era through a series of intertexts, two of which the article takes as a starting point for establishing Nuit Debout as an inheritor of Mai 68 and for grasping the rise of self-management as a strategy for disciplining labor. These arguments serve as a foundation for a reading of the narrative platform of “ALIVE” that registers the increasingly prominent role played by algorithmic management in the distribution of workplace control today. The article concludes that Steward's tale not only anticipated the informatic enactment of the aforementioned strategy but, more incisively, reveals how it maintains “floating” surplus populations by facilitating the regulation of those workers’ hope.
Swimming kinematics of rainbow trout behind a 3×5 cylinder array: a computationally driven experimental approach to understanding fish locomotion
Authors: Sparks David , Rajeev Edwin , Koley Subhra Shankha , Canestrelli Alberto , Liao James C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Fish in the wild often contend with complex flows that are produced by natural and artificial structures. Research into fish interactions with turbulence often investigates metrics such as turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) or fish positional location, with less focus on the specific interactions between vortex organization and body swimming kinematics. Here, we compared the swimming kinematics of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) holding station in flows produced by two different 3×5 cylinder arrays. We systematically utilized computational fluid dynamics to identify one array that produced a Kármán vortex street with high vortex periodicity (KVS array) and another that produced low periodicity, similar to a parallel vortex street (PVS array), both validated with particle image velocimetry. The only difference in swimming kinematics between cylinder arrays was an increased tail beat amplitude in the KVS array. In both cylinder arrays, the tail beat frequency decreased and snout amplitude increased compared with the freestream. The center of mass amplitude was greater in the PVS array than in only the freestream, however, suggesting some buffeting of the body by the fluid. Notably, we did not observe Kármán gaiting in the KVS array as in previous studies. We hypothesize that this is because (1) vorticity was dissipated in the region where fish held station or (2) vortices were in-line rather than staggered. These results are the first to quantify the kinematics and behavior of fishes swimming in the wake of multiple cylinder arrays, which has important implications for biomechanics, fluid dynamics and fisheries management.
The Air We Breathe: Exploring the multifaceted impacts of Air Pollution on health and disease
Authors: Górski Mateusz , Bychowski Mateusz , Kwaśna Julia , Załęska Adrianna , Kaźmierczyk Izabela , Lenart Kacper , Homza Michał , Zakrzewska Natalia , Bednarek Szymon , Kulicka Joanna 
Published: December 2024

Background: Air pollution poses a significant global health risk, affecting a wide range of conditions, including skin aging, atopic dermatitis, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, and cancer. Recent studies reveal its role in accelerating aging and exacerbating chronic conditions through mechanisms like oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. However, gaps remain in understanding pollutant-specific effects and their cumulative impact on health.
Methods: This review synthesizes findings from recent studies examining the effects of air pollution on skin and systemic health. A comprehensive analysis was conducted across multiple health conditions, with a focus on pollutant-specific mechanisms, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, immune dysregulation, and inflammatory responses.
Results: Findings highlight strong correlations between exposure to pollutants, such as PM2.5, SO2, NOx, and VOCs, with adverse health outcomes. Pollutants exacerbate conditions like wrinkles, atopic dermatitis, thrombosis, and lung cancer. Interestingly, some pollutants, like ozone, showed mixed effects on specific skin conditions, emphasizing the need for nuanced analysis.
Conclusion: Understanding the multifaceted impact of air pollution underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions and policies to mitigate health risks. Further research is essential to develop precise strategies to address the pollutant-specific effects and protect vulnerable populations.
Multi-pulse laser generation based on programming diffraction loss of acousto-optic Q-switched RF excited waveguide CO2 lasers
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Zhu Guangzhi , Li Zuoyun , Huang Junchi , Sun Shengkai , Zhu Xiao 
Published: December 2024

Acousto-optic Q-switched (AOQ-switched) CO2 lasers always suffer from having a laser pulse with a long tail and lower energy utilization. The ability of an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) to quickly program diffraction losses provides an effective method to solve these problems. In this paper, a six-temperature model is built to analyze the dynamical properties of the AOQ-switched CO2 laser with programmable control of the diffraction loss. The AOQ-switched laser pulse, or even the multi-pulse without a tail, can be achieved by precise adjusting of the delay time, pulse width, and pulse interval of the AOM control signal within a laser cycle. In the experiments, when the pulse width of the AOM control signal is reduced to 1 µs, the AOQ-switched laser pulse without the tail is obtained with a peak power of 1.36 kW and a pulse width of 132 ns at the repetition of 5 kHz. Meanwhile, equal energy double-pulse, triple-pulse, and quadruple-pulse lasers can be achieved by precisely programming the delay time and pulse interval of the AOM control signal. The average power has been significantly improved.
High-energy generation of arbitrary cylindrical vector vortex beams using a modified Mach–Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Harrison Justin , Mphuthi Nokwazi , Mabena Chemist , Naidoo Darryl 
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we demonstrate the interferometric generation of high-energy pulsed
vector vortex beams at arbitrary points on the higher-order Poincaré
sphere. Scalar vortex beams with topological charges ℓ=1 and ℓ=2 were produced using fused silica
spiral phase plates and a 1064 nm wavelength Gaussian laser
source, delivering a pulse energy of 2.75 mJ at a frequency of
1 kHz with a pulse duration of 15.5 ns. A novel, to our
knowledge, modified Mach–Zehnder interferometer was constructed to
allow for arbitrary inter-modal phase and amplitude control of the
vector vortex states across the surface of the Poincaré sphere,
achieving pulse energies of 2.5 mJ and peak powers exceeding
160 kW. This marks the highest, to the best of our knowledge,
pulse energy achieved for arbitrary higher-order vector vortex beams
on the HOPS.