bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of Hybrid of Eglass and Basalt Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Tube Pressurized Internally
Authors: Almula Thamir A. D. M. S. , Khuder Ahmad Hassan , Yahya Mohd Yazid , Ayob Amran 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The composite hybrid pipe is a novel structure made of concentric composite multilayer possess improved thermal and mechanical properties better than its original components. At variance experimental analysis, the numerical studies on the structure and behavior of composite hybrid natural fiber reinforced epoxy pipe materials pressurized internally seem lacking. In this study, numerical analysis was carried out for three different stacking plies of composite hybrid natural fiber ±55° basalt and Eglass fiber reinforced epoxy tube which was tested under the subjection for three modes of applied load, the hoop and longitudinal tensile tested as well as subjection under biaxial internal pressures load in accordance to ASTM’s standard to investigate the mechanical behavior and the optimal configuration among them. Also, analyzed the comparable three types of hybrid natural fiber (basalt)/Eglass reinforced epoxy with pure ±55° Eglass reinforced epoxy and pure ±55° basalt reinforced epoxy numerically to predict the performance for the hybrid over the pure E-glass and basalt fiber reinforced epoxy composite pipe as a good replacement to meet the different demand of applications in the pressure pipelines. Also The three stacking plies types of hybrid composite pipes were compared with the pure E-glass and basalt fiber reinforced epoxy pipes. All samples were fabricated using a dry filament wound CNC machine with ±55° orientation angle, then infused with epoxy resin using vacuum infusion procedure (VIP). Numerical analysis was carried out using finite element commercial code ANSYS V14.
Micro-electrochemical evaluation of α- or β-type titanium alloys
Authors: Lin Junhui , Lu Jiafei , Dan Zhenhua , Ding Yi , Chang Hui 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to evaluate electrochemical stabilities of α, β phases, the micro-electrode techniques was employed to test the micropolarization behavior of α-type pure Ti and β-type Ti15Mo alloys. The comparison between macropolarization and micropolarization curves demonstrates that the α-type pure Ti alloy tends to exhibit the uniform corrosion, on the other hand, the pitting corrosion is the main form for the β-type Ti15Mo alloys. The α grains with different orientations shows similar polarization behavior, but the polarization behavior of those β grains are strongly affected by their crystalline orientations, particularly the worse electrochemical stabilities of β grains with (200)-dominance. The corrosion potential and corrosion current density of α-type pure Ti is lower than β-type Ti15Mo alloys. The α grains have better electrochemical stabilities in comparison to β grains, which indicate that the α+β dual-phase Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloys is highly possible to suffer from the preferential dissolution of β grains in free immersion condition and/or polarized states. Finally, by combining the SEM, EDS and polarization curves of dual-phase Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloys, it is concluded that β phases are corroded prior to α phases.
Movement disorders: a themed collection
Authors: Haunton Victoria J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Movement disorders are a diverse and challenging group of neurological conditions. Geriatricians and allied health professionals play a key role in the care of patients living with these disorders. Age and Ageing is making freely available online a collection of 15 papers that highlight the breadth and depth of this field. Perhaps unsurprisingly papers on Parkinson’s disease predominate, but rarer movement disorders, including those seen following stroke and Huntington’s disease, are also represented. Difficulties in diagnosis are explored, together with innovative approaches to management of both motor and non-motor symptoms. The collection includes qualitative work, longitudinal studies and clinical trials, and both the individual patient perspective and the international perspective are considered. There are papers for generalists, papers for specialists, papers for clinical commissioners and papers for researchers. Comprehensive review articles provide clarity, guidance and pragmatism. Finally, a New Horizons article encourages us to look to the future of movement disorders, which lies not only in developing novel therapies and trials but also in recognising the enormous value of palliative care and the multidisciplinary approach.
Employer Expectations for the MS-Level Cytology Practitioner
Authors: Chiou Paul Z 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The specific aims of the study are to determine skillsets most valuable to regional employers of cytotechnologists and assess the employers’ willingness to use graduating MS cytology practitioners in the expanded scope of practice.

Methods
Data from the greater New York region were collected via a web-based survey distributed to a broad sample of laboratory professionals involved with hiring in a variety of institutions.

Results
The three skillsets most important to New York employers and most employable are fine-needle aspiration adequacy assessment, regulatory acumen, and prescreening cell blocks. The skills that are of least important and least employable are prescreening high-volume tissue biopsy specimens and histology.

Conclusions
The results of this survey shed light on regional employers’ perspectives regarding the skillsets that are most important and marketable in the greater New York region and may be useful for subsequent curriculum development.
Commentary: Necromance
Authors: Hunt Irvin J 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article reconsiders the recent turn in political theory to love as a countercapital affect, helping us endure when hope has lost its salience. The article offers the concept of “necromance” to attend to the ways the popular configuration of love as life-giving often overlooks how in the history of slavery and liberal empire love operates as life-taking. Distinct from necromancy, necromance is not a process of reviving the dead but of bringing subjects in ever closer proximity to the dead. Grounded in a reading of W. E. B. Du Bois’s romantic novel The Quest of the Silver Fleece (1911), particularly its vision of a cooperative economy and its response to the evolving meaning of love in American culture at the end of the nineteenth century, necromance is both a structure of feeling and a form of writing. As a resource for activism indebted to the creative powers of melancholic attachments, necromance contests the common conception that in order for grievances to become social movements or collective insurgencies they must be framed to create feelings of outrage, not of grief. By working inside existing conditions of irrevocable loss, necromantic love registers the feeling that the revolution is already here.
Genetic variants in the nucleotide excision repair genes are associated with the risk of developing endometriosis
Authors: Shen Te-Chun , Tsai Chia-Wen , Chang Wen-Shin , Wang Yun-Chi , Hsu Huai-Mei , Li Hsin-Ting , Gu Jian , Bau Da-Tian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Endometriosis is a major health issue among women of reproductive age. However, its etiology has not yet been completely understood. We investigated 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms from six novel nucleotide excision repair genes and the susceptibility to endometriosis. A total of 153 patients with endometriosis were recruited during 2000–2010 from central Taiwan. Pathological confirmation was necessary for all patients, and exclusion criteria included the presence of leiomyoma, adenomyosis, or cancer of the uterine, cervix, or ovary and a prescription of hormone therapy. Furthermore, a total of 636 age-matched individuals without endometriosis were recruited during the same time period from central Taiwan. The polymerase chain reaction coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism methodology was applied for genotyping. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that subjects carrying the ERCC1 rs11615 TT (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.36–3.41), ERCC2 rs1799793 AA (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.14–3.11), and ERCC6 rs2228528 AA genotypes (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.13–2.83) exhibited significantly increased risks of developing endometriosis compared with their counterparts carrying the wild-type genotypes. This study suggests that certain single nucleotide polymorphisms of nucleotide excision repair genes excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1, ERCC2, and ERCC6) predispose women to the development of endometriosis.
A “Natural Death”: The Political Battlefield of Infections and Migrant Children’s Bodies
Authors: Travassos Mark A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Before September 2018, no child had died in United States Border Patrol custody in a decade. Since then, 7 detained children have died in the past 10 months. Migrant children’s bodies have become the latest political battlefield, and these children have been caught in the crossfire. This piece focuses on the recent deaths of several migrant children from overwhelming infections in United States detainment centers. The circumstances surrounding these illnesses bring to the fore concerns about the care of these children, suggesting infectious disease outbreaks in these detainment centers, delays in bringing children to medical attention, and inadequate medical expertise in their care. There is an urgent need for advocacy by clinicians and professional societies to resolve this crisis.
Sex-Specific Effects of Apolipoprotein ε4 Allele on Mortality in Very Old and Centenarian Japanese Men
Authors: Sasaki Takashi , Nishimoto Yoshinori , Abe Yukiko , Takayama Michiyo , Hirose Nobuyoshi , Okano Hideyuki , Arai Yasumichi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The apolipoprotein E4 (APOE ε4) allele has attracted attention as an age-related genetic factor, both in neurology and gerontology. To understand the effects of the APOE ε4 allele on mortality in elderly individuals, we combined Japanese prospective cohort studies comprising 535 very old individuals (85–99 years of age) and 930 centenarians (over 100 years of age) and analyzed the association between mortality rates and candidate factors, including the APOE ε4 allele. APOE genotyping revealed an inverse correlation between the APOE ε4 allele carrier rate and age. Additionally, APOE ε4 allele carrier rate in centenarian men was significantly lower than that in centenarian women. The association analysis between APOE ε4 allele carriers and all-cause mortality indicated that APOE ε4 carriers showed significantly higher mortality rates than the APOE ε4 noncarriers among men in the very old group. Further analysis using Cox proportional hazard models indicated that cause-specific mortalities, including pneumonia and severe dementia, were associated with APOE ε4 carriers. These findings indicate that the APOE ε4 allele shows phenotypic male-specific adverse effects in the very old, which would explain the high mortality rate observed in this group, resulting in a low APOE ε4 allele carrier rate in centenarian men.
China's ivory bans: enhancing soft power through wildlife conservation
Authors: Gamso Jonas 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
China has been a major market for elephant ivory for centuries. However, the Chinese government recently enacted bans on imports and exports of ivory (2015) and on the domestic ivory trade (2017). These bans appear to have come in response to intensive influence campaigns and public shaming from domestic and foreign activists, who cited declining elephant populations and highlighted China's role. However, this shaming-narrative is at odds with conventional wisdom regarding Chinese policy-making: China typically resists international pressures and its authoritarian government is thought to be largely insulated from domestic efforts by civil society groups. This article reconciles Beijing's ivory policy with these conventional beliefs about policy-making in China. I argue that the Chinese government saw unique benefits to banning the ivory trade, under growing international scrutiny, as doing so enhanced Chinese soft power while having very little impact on its sovereignty or development. Non-government organizations (NGOs) operating both inside and outside of China played a role as well: NGOs in China helped to shift Chinese public opinion towards favouring the bans, while those operating abroad led public relations efforts to publicize Chinese demand for ivory to foreign audiences. Efforts by the latter group of NGOs intensified pressure on the Chinese government to rein in the ivory market, while increasing the soft power benefits that banning ivory would bring to Beijing.
Rebel diplomacy and digital communication: public diplomacy in the Sahel
Authors: Bos Michèle , Melissen Jan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Most research on social media as a tool for public diplomacy focuses on its use by recognized international actors to advance their national interest and reputation, deliver foreign policy objectives or promote their global interests. This article highlights the need for paying more attention to non-state diplomacy in conflict situations outside the western world. We examine how rebel groups use new media to enhance their communications, and what the motivations behind this are. Our public diplomacy perspective helps convey the scope of rebel communications with external actors and provides insights for policy-makers seeking to ascertain the nature, intentions and capacities of myriad rebel groups. Our focus is on the Sahel region, where numerous such groups vying for international attention and support make use of multiple social media channels. We analyse two groups in Mali: the MNLA, a Tuareg secessionist group; and Ansar Dine, a Salafist insurgency with ties to Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb. Our qualitative analysis of Ansar Dine and MNLA communications on several digital platforms helps identify these African rebel groups' international and local framing activities. Rebel groups use public diplomacy nimbly and pragmatically. The digital age has fundamentally changed which stakeholders such groups can reach, and we suggest that social media increase the power they are able to carve out for themselves on the international stage.
Scientific and Regulatory Considerations for Efficacy Studies of Cytomegalovirus Vaccines
Authors: Krause Philip R , Roberts Jeff 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The considerable public health burden due to cytomegalovirus (CMV) supports current interest in vaccine development. Clinical studies intended to support regulatory action should be designed to demonstrate substantial evidence of effectiveness. However, design and conduct of clinical endpoint studies may be hampered by low incidence of disease, especially for congenital CMV. Discussion and experience from other vaccines directed against congenital disease (including rubella and Zika) may be instructive. This article summarizes current scientific and US regulatory considerations related to design of studies of vaccines intended to prevent congenital CMV and complications of CMV in transplantation, as discussed at the 2018 workshop entitled “Cytomegalovirus Infection: Advancing Strategies for Prevention and Treatment.”
Modeling Approaches to Predicting Persistent Hotspots in SCORE Studies for Gaining Control of Schistosomiasis Mansoni in Kenya and Tanzania
Authors: Shen Ye , Sung Meng-Hsuan , King Charles H , Binder Sue , Kittur Nupur , Whalen Christopher C , Colley Daniel G 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundSome villages, labeled “persistent hotspots (PHS),” fail to respond adequately in regard to prevalence and intensity of infection to mass drug administration (MDA) for schistosomiasis. Early identification of PHS, for example, before initiating or after 1 or 2 years of MDA could help guide programmatic decision making.MethodsIn a study with multiple rounds of MDA, data collected before the third MDA were used to predict PHS. We assessed 6 predictive approaches using data from before MDA and after 2 rounds of annual MDA from Kenya and Tanzania.ResultsGeneralized linear models with variable selection possessed relatively stable performance compared with tree-based methods. Models applied to Kenya data alone or combined data from Kenya and Tanzania could reach over 80% predictive accuracy, whereas predicting PHS for Tanzania was challenging. Models developed from one country and validated in another failed to achieve satisfactory performance. Several Year-3 variables were identified as key predictors.ConclusionsStatistical models applied to Year-3 data could help predict PHS and guide program decisions, with infection intensity, prevalence of heavy infections (≥400 eggs/gram of feces), and total prevalence being particularly important factors. Additional studies including more variables and locations could help in developing generalizable models.
Immune predictors of mortality following RNA virus infection
Authors: Graham Jessica B , Swarts Jessica L , Menachery Vineet D , Gralinski Lisa E , Schäfer Alexandra , Plante Kenneth S , Morrison Clayton R , Voss Kathleen M , Green Richard , Choonoo Gabrielle , Jeng Sophia , Miller Darla R , Mooney Michael A , McWeeney Shannon K , Ferris Martin T , Pardo-Manuel de Villena Fernando , Gale Michael , Heise Mark T , Baric Ralph S , Lund Jennifer M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Virus infections result in a range of clinical outcomes for the host, from asymptomatic to severe or even lethal disease. Despite global efforts to prevent and treat virus infections to limit morbidity and mortality, the continued emergence and re-emergence of new outbreaks as well as common infections such as influenza persist as a health threat. Challenges to the prevention of severe disease after virus infection include both a paucity of protective vaccines, as well as the early identification of individuals with the highest risk that may require supportive treatment.

Methods
We completed a screen of mice from the Collaborative Cross (CC) that we infected with influenza, SARS-coronavirus, and West Nile virus.

Results
CC mice exhibited a range of disease manifestations upon infections, and we used this natural variation to identify strains with mortality following infection and strains exhibiting no mortality. We then used comprehensive pre-infection immunophenotyping to identify global baseline immune correlates of protection from mortality to virus infection.

Conclusions
These data suggest that immune phenotypes might be leveraged to identify humans at highest risk of adverse clinical outcomes upon infection, who may most benefit from intensive clinical interventions, in addition to providing insight for rational vaccine design.
Historical Biogeography of Holarctic Cymbiodyta Water Scavenger Beetles in the Times of Cenozoic Land Bridge Dispersal Routes
Authors: Toussaint Emmanuel F A , Short Andrew E Z 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe genus Cymbiodyta Bedel, 1881 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Enochrinae) comprises 31 species distributed in both the Old and New World portions of the Holarctic realm. Although the species and taxonomy are relatively well known, the phylogenetic relationships among Cymbiodyta and the evolutionary history of the genus remain unexplored. To understand the systematics and evolution of this lineage, we sequenced five gene fragments for about half of the species in the genus, including most major morphological groups. We also estimated divergence times to test the hypothesis that Cymbiodyta beetles took advantage of the different land bridges connecting the Palearctic and Nearctic regions, that became subaerial in the Cretaceous and Paleocene. Our results recover the eastern Nearctic genus Helocombus Horn, 1890 nesting within Cymbiodyta. Therefore, we synonymize Helocombus syn. n. with Cymbiodyta, resulting in one new combination, Cymbiodyta bifidus (LeConte 1855) comb. n. Our dating analyses and ancestral range estimation support a Nearctic origin of Cymbiodyta in the late Cretaceous about 100 million year ago. The placement of the unique Palearctic species on a long branch as sister to the rest of the clade and the dating results cannot reject a role of the De Geer and/or Thulean routes in the colonization of the Palearctic region from the Nearctic; however, they do not support a role for Beringia in the more recent colonization of the Oriental region.
Augmented renal clearance of aminoglycosides using population-based pharmacokinetic modelling with Bayesian estimation in the paediatric ICU
Authors: Avedissian Sean N , Rhodes Nathaniel J , Kim Yuna , Bradley John , Valdez Joshua L , Le Jennifer 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate augmented renal clearance (ARC) using aminoglycoside clearance (CLAMINO24h) derived from pharmacokinetic (PK) modelling.

Methods
A retrospective study at two paediatric hospitals of patients who received tobramycin or gentamicin from 1999 to 2016 was conducted. Compartmental PK models were constructed using the Pmetrics package, and Bayesian posteriors were used to estimate CLAMINO24h. ARC was defined as a CLAMINO24h of ≥130 mL/min/1.73 m2. Risk factors for ARC were identified using multivariate logistic regression.

Results
The final population model was fitted to 275 aminoglycoside serum concentrations. Overall clearance (L/h) was=CL0 × (TBW/70)0.75 × AGEH/(TMH + AGEH) + CL1 (0.5/SCr), where TBW is total body weight, H is the Hill coefficient, TM is a maturation term and SCr is serum creatinine. Median CLAMINO24h in those with versus without ARC was 157.36 and 93.42 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively (P < 0.001). ARC was identified in 19.5% of 118 patients. For patients with ARC, median baseline SCr was lower than for those without ARC (0.38 versus 0.41 mg/dL, P = 0.073). Risk factors for ARC included sepsis [adjusted OR (aOR) 3.77, 95% CI 1.01–14.07, P = 0.048], increasing age (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1–1.23, P = 0.04) and low log-transformed SCr (aOR 0.16, 95% CI 0.05–0.52, P = 0.002). Median 24 h AUC (AUC24h) was significantly lower in patients with ARC at 45.27 versus 56.95 mg·h/L, P  < 0.01.

Conclusions
ARC was observed in one of every five patients. Sepsis, increasing age and low SCr were associated with ARC. Increased clearance was associated with an attenuation of AUC24h in this population. Future studies are needed to define optimal dosing in paediatric patients with ARC.