bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular serotyping ofHaemophilus parasuisisolated from diseased pigs and the relationship between serovars and pathological patterns in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Wei-Hao , Shih Hsing-Chun , Lin Chuen-Fu , Yang Cheng-Yao , Chang Yung-Fu , Lin Chao-Nan , Chiou Ming-Tang 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundHaemophilus parasuisis the etiological agent of Glässer’s disease, and causes severe economic losses in the swine industry. Serovar classification is intended as an indicator of virulence and pathotype and is also crucial for vaccination programs and vaccine development. According to a polysaccharide biosynthesis locus analysis,H. parasuisisolates could be classified by a molecular serotyping assay except serovars 5 and 12 detected by the same primer pair. The aim of this study was to identifyH. parasuisisolates from diseased pigs in Taiwan by using a molecular serotyping assay and to analyze the relationship between serovars and pathological patterns.MethodsFrom August 2013 to February 2017, a total of 133 isolates from 277 lesions on 155 diseased animals from 124 infected herds serotyped by multiplex PCR and analyzed with pathological data.ResultsThe dominant serovars ofH. parasuisin Taiwan were serovars 5/12 (37.6%), 4 (27.8%) and 13 (15%) followed by molecular serotyping non-typable (MSNT) isolates (13.5%). Nevertheless, the serovar-specific amplicons were not precisely the same sizes as previously indicated in the original publication, and MSNT isolates appeared with unexpected amplicons or lacked serovar-specific amplicons. MostH. parasuisisolates were isolated from nursery pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. The percentage of lung lesions (30.4%) showingH. parasuisinfection was significantly higher than that of serosal lesions.DiscussionCollectively, the distribution of serovars in Taiwan is similar to that found in other countries, but MSNT isolates remain due to genetic variations. Furthermore, pulmonary lesions may be optimum sites forH. parasuisisolation, the diagnosis of Glässer’s disease, and may also serve as points of origin for systemicH. parasuisinfections in hosts.
Nitrogen input by bamboos in neotropical forest: a new perspective
Authors: Padgurschi Maíra C.G. , Vieira Simone A. , Stefani Edson J.F. , Nardoto Gabriela B. , Joly Carlos A. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundNitrogen (N) is an important macronutrient that controls the productivity of ecosystems and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is a major source of N in terrestrial systems, particularly tropical forests. Bamboo dominates theses forests, but our knowledge regarding the role of bamboo in ecosystem functioning remains in its infancy. We investigated the importance of a native bamboo species to the N cycle of a Neotropical forest.MethodsWe selected 100 sample units (100 m2each) in a pristine montane Atlantic Forest, in Brazil. We counted all the clumps and live culms ofMerostachys neesiibamboo and calculated the specific and total leaf area, as well as litter production and respective N content. Potential N input was estimated based on available data on BNF rates for the same bamboo species, whose N input was then contextualized using information on N cycling components in the study area.ResultsWith 4,000 live culms ha−1, the native bamboo may contribute up to 11.7 kg N ha−1during summer (January to March) and 19.6 kg N ha−1in winter (July to September). When extrapolated for annual values,M. neesiicould contribute more than 60 kg N ha−1y−1.DiscussionThe bamboo species’ contribution to N input may be due to its abundance (habitat availability for microbial colonization) and the composition of the free-living N fixer community on its leaves (demonstrated in previous studies). Although some N is lost during decomposition, this input could mitigate the N deficit in the Atlantic Forest studied by at least 27%. Our findings suggest thatM. neesiiclosely regulates N input and may better explain the high diversity and carbon stocks in the area. This is the first time that a study has investigated BNF using free-living N fixers on the phyllosphere of bamboo.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Bone Erosion in Patients With Gout
Authors: Wu Mian , Liu Feng J. , Chen Jie , Chen Li , Wei Chong , Hu Zhu M. , Han Ying , Lu Jun X. , Jiang Li X. , Chen Hai B. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence, distribution, and factors associated with bone erosion detectable by ultrasound in patients with gout.MethodsUltrasound scans were performed in 980 patients with gout, and bone erosion was detected. The prevalence and distribution of bone erosion in gout patients were calculated. Both clinical variables and ultrasound signs were entered into a multivariate logistic regression analysis to clarify the factors associated with bone erosion in patients with gout.ResultsBone erosion was found in 431 (44.0%) of the 980 patients with gout, and in 338 (78.4%) of these patients, the bone erosion was found in the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. A multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age, duration of gout, the existence of tophi, ultrasound‐detected synovial hypertrophy, and joint effusion were independently associated with bone erosion. A tophus was the most powerful factor associated with bone erosion, with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.218 (95% confidence interval 3.092–5.731). The risk for bone erosion also increased as the number of tophi increased (P < 0.001). However, after stratifying the size of tophi, the ORs did not increase significantly (P = 0.206).ConclusionA high percentage of gout patients had bone erosions; the first MTP joint was the most frequently involved site. Age, duration of gout, tophi, and synovial hypertrophy were factors associated with bone erosion in gout patients. The number of tophi, but not their size, was strongly associated with bone erosion in patients with gout.
A Regio‐ and Stereoselective Carbonylative Approach to Alkyl (Z)‐2‐[3‐Oxoisobenzofuran‐1‐(3H)‐ylidene]acetates
Authors: Mancuso Raffaella , Ziccarelli Ida , Fini Francesco , Della Ca' Nicola , Marino Nadia , Carfagna Carla , Gabriele Bartolo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe first example of the oxidative carbonylation of 2‐ethynylbenzoic acid derivatives, leading to alkyl (Z)‐2‐[3‐oxoisobenzofuran‐1‐(3H)‐ylidene]acetates in a regio‐ and stereoselective manner, is reported. Under the catalytic action of PdI2 (2 mol%) in conjuction with KI (20 mol%), different 2‐[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]benzoic acids were converted into the corresponding isobenzofuranones in high to excellent yields (70–98%). The proposed reaction mechanism involves syn 5‐exo‐dig cyclization, carbon monoxide insertion, and nucleophilic displacement by an alcohol. Desilylation occurred under the reaction conditions. The structure of a representative product, that is, methyl (Z)‐2‐[3‐oxoisobenzofuran‐1(3H)‐ylidene]acetate, was confirmed by XRD analysis.magnified image
Broadband Optical‐Fiber‐Compatible Photodetector Based on a Graphene‐MoS2‐WS2 Heterostructure with a Synergetic Photogenerating Mechanism
Authors: Xiong Yi‐Feng , Chen Jin‐Hui , Lu Yan‐Qing , Xu Fei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntegrating 2D crystals into optical fibers can grant them optoelectronic properties and extend their range of applications. However, the ability to produce complicated structures is limited by the challenges of chemical vapor deposition manufacturing. Here, a 2D‐material heterostructure created on a fiber end‐face is successfully demonstrated by integrating a microscale multilayer graphene‐MoS2‐WS2 heterostructure film on it, using a simple layer‐by‐layer transferring method. The all‐in‐fiber photodetector (FPD) exhibits an ultrahigh photoresponsivity of ≈6.6 × 107 A·W−1 and a relatively fast time response of ≈7 ms at 400 nm light wavelength, due to the strong light absorption and the built‐in electric field of the heterostructure. Moreover, owing to the type‐II staggered band alignments in the MoS2‐WS2 heterostructure, the interlayer optical transition between the MoS2 and WS2 layers enables the FPD to sense the infrared light, displaying a photoresponsivity of ≈17.1 A·W−1 at 1550 nm. In addition, an inverse photoresponse is observed under high illuminating powers, indicating a competing photocurrent generation mechanism, comprising the photoconductive and photobolometric effects. It is believed that the findings will offer a new strategy for the development of novel all‐fiber optoelectronic devices based on 2D crystals.
Six‐Month Assessment of a Hand Prosthesis with Intraneural Tactile Feedback
Authors: Petrini Francesco M. , Valle Giacomo , Strauss Ivo , Granata Giuseppe , Di Iorio Riccardo , D'Anna Edoardo , Čvančara Paul , Mueller Matthias , Carpaneto Jacopo , Clemente Francesco , Controzzi Marco , Bisoni Lorenzo , Carboni Caterina , Barbaro Massimo , Iodice Francesco , Andreu David , Hiairrassary Arthur , Divoux Jean‐Louis , Cipriani Christian , Guiraud David , Raffo Luigi , Fernandez Eduardo , Stieglitz Thomas , Raspopovic Stanisa , Rossini Paolo M. , Micera Silvestro 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveHand amputation is a highly disabling event, which significantly affects quality of life. An effective hand replacement can be achieved if the user, in addition to motor functions, is provided with the sensations that are naturally perceived while grasping and moving. Intraneural peripheral electrodes have shown promising results toward the restoration of the sense of touch. However, the long‐term usability and clinical relevance of intraneural sensory feedback have not yet been clearly demonstrated.MethodsTo this aim, we performed a 6‐month clinical study with 3 transradial amputees who received implants of transverse intrafascicular multichannel electrodes (TIMEs) in their median and ulnar nerves. After calibration, electrical stimulation was delivered through the TIMEs connected to artificial sensors in the digits of a prosthesis to generate sensory feedback, which was then used by the subjects while performing different grasping tasks.ResultsAll subjects, notwithstanding their important clinical differences, reported stimulation‐induced sensations from the phantom hand for the whole duration of the trial. They also successfully integrated the sensory feedback into their motor control strategies while performing experimental tests simulating tasks of real life (with and without the support of vision). Finally, they reported a decrement of their phantom limb pain and a general improvement in mood state.InterpretationThe promising results achieved with all subjects show the feasibility of the use of intraneural stimulation in clinical settings. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:137–154.
Oxygen‐Assisted Cathodic Deposition of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks with Controlled Thickness
Authors: Zhang Qing , Wu Zhengming , Lv Yuan , Li Yali , Zhao Yajing , Zhang Rui , Xiao Yushuang , Shi Xiaofei , Zhang Danrui , Hua Rui , Yao Jianlin , Guo Jun , Huang Rong , Cui Yi , Kang Zhenhui , Goswami Subhadip , Robison Lee , Song Kepeng , Li Xinghua , Han Yu , Chi Lifeng , Farha Omar K. , Lu Guang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractProcessing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as films with controllable thickness on a substrate is increasingly crucial for many applications to realize function integration and performance optimization. Herein, we report a facile cathodic deposition process that enables the large‐area preparation of uniform films of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF‐8, ZIF‐71, and ZIF‐67) with highly tunable thickness ranging from approximately 24 nm to hundreds of nanometers. Importantly, this oxygen‐reduction‐triggered cathodic deposition does not lead to the plating of reduced metals (Zn and Co). It is also operable cost‐effectively in the absence of supporting electrolyte and facilitates the construction of well‐defined sub‐micrometer‐sized heterogeneous structures within ZIF films.
Electrochemical Dimerization of Phenylpropenoids and the Surprising Antioxidant Activity of the Resultant Quinone Methide Dimers
Authors: Romero Kevin J. , Galliher Matthew S. , Raycroft Mark A. R. , Chauvin Jean‐Philippe R. , Bosque Irene , Pratt Derek A. , Stephenson Corey R. J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA simple method for the dimerization of phenylpropenoid derivatives is reported. It leverages electrochemical oxidation of p‐unsaturated phenols to access the dimeric materials in a biomimetic fashion. The mild nature of the transformation provides excellent functional group tolerance, resulting in a unified approach for the synthesis of a range of natural products and related analogues with excellent regiocontrol. The operational simplicity of the method allows for greater efficiency in the synthesis of complex natural products. Interestingly, the quinone methide dimer intermediates are potent radical‐trapping antioxidants; more so than the phenols from which they are derived—or transformed to—despite the fact that they do not possess a labile H‐atom for transfer to the peroxyl radicals that propagate autoxidation.
Bottom‐Up Construction and Reversible Structural Transformation of Supramolecular Isomers based on Large Truncated Tetrahedra
Authors: Gong Yaru , Zhang Yuteng , Qin Chao , Sun Chunyi , Wang Xinlong , Su Zhongmin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA rational synthetic strategy to construct two supramolecular isomers based on polyoxovanadate organic polyhedra with tetrahedral symmetries is presented. VMOP‐α, a low‐temperature product, has an extremely large cell volume (470 842 Å3), which is one of the top three for well‐defined MOPs. The corner‐to‐corner packing of tetrahedra leads to a quite low density of 0.174 g cm−3 with 1D channels (ca. 5.4 nm). The effective pore volume is up to 93.6 % of cell volume, nearly the largest found in MOPs. For the high‐temperature outcome, VMOP‐β, the cell volume is only 15 513 Å3. The packing mode of tetrahedra is corner‐to‐face, giving rise to a high‐density architecture (1.324 g cm−3; channel 0.8 nm). Supramolecular structural transformation between VMOP‐α and VMOP‐β can be reversibly achieved by temperature‐induced solvent‐mediated transformation. These findings give a good opportunity for understanding 3D supramolecular aggregation and crystal growth based on large molecular tectonics.
Binding of a Telomestatin Derivative Changes the Mechanical Anisotropy of a Human Telomeric G‐Quadruplex
Authors: Jonchhe Sagun , Ghimire Chiran , Cui Yunxi , Sasaki Shogo , McCool Mason , Park Soyoung , Iida Keisuke , Nagasawa Kazuo , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Mao Hanbin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMechanical anisotropy is an essential property for biomolecules to assume structural and functional roles in mechanobiology. However, there is insufficient information on the mechanical anisotropy of ligand–biomolecule complexes. Herein, we investigated the mechanical property of individual human telomeric G‐quadruplexes bound to telomestatin, using optical tweezers. Stacking of the ligand to the G‐tetrad planes changes the conformation of the G‐quadruplex, which resembles a balloon squeezed in certain directions. Such a squeezed balloon effect strengthens the G‐tetrad planes, but dislocates and weakens the loops in the G‐quadruplex upon ligand binding. These dynamic interactions indicate that the binding between the ligand and G‐quadruplex follows the induced‐fit model. We anticipate that the altered mechanical anisotropy of the ligand–G‐quadruplex complex can add additional level of regulations on the motor enzymes that process DNA or RNA molecules.
Same Magic Number but Different Arrangement: Alkynyl‐Protected Au25 with D3 Symmetry
Authors: Li Jiao‐Jiao , Guan Zong‐Jie , Lei Zhen , Hu Feng , Wang Quan‐Ming 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTwo homoleptic alkynyl‐protected gold clusters with compositions of Na[Au25(C≡CAr)18] and (Ph4P)[Au25(C≡CAr)18] (Na⋅1 and Ph4P⋅1, Ar=3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) were synthesized via a direct reduction method. 1 is a magic cluster analogous to [Au25(SR)18]− in terms of electron counts and metal‐to‐ligand ratio. Single‐crystal structure analysis reveals that 1 has an identical Au13 kernel to [Au25(SR)18]−, but adopts a distinctly different arrangement of the six peripheral dimer staple motifs. The steric hindrance of alkynyl ligands is responsible for the D3 arrangement of Au25. The introduction of alkynyl also significantly changes the optical absorption features of the nanocluster as supported by DFT calculations. This magic cluster confirms that there is a similar but quite different parallel alkynyl‐protected metal cluster universe in comparison to the thiolated one.
Supramolecularly Assembled Nanocomposites as Biomimetic Chloroplasts for Enhancement of Photophosphorylation
Authors: Li Yue , Feng Xiyun , Wang Anhe , Yang Yang , Fei Jinbo , Sun Bingbing , Jia Yi , Li Junbai 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPrototypes of natural biosystems provide opportunities for artificial biomimetic systems to break the limits of natural reactions and achieve output control. However, mimicking unique natural structures and ingenious functions remains a challenge. Now, multiple biochemical reactions were integrated into artificially designed compartments via molecular assembly. First, multicompartmental silica nanoparticles with hierarchical structures that mimic the chloroplasts were obtained by a templated synthesis. Then, photoacid generators and ATPase‐liposomes were assembled inside and outside of silica compartments, respectively. Upon light illumination, protons produced by a photoacid generator in the confined space can drive the liposome‐embedded enzyme ATPase towards ATP synthesis, which mimics the photophosphorylation process in vitro. The method enables fabrication of bioinspired nanoreactors for photobiocatalysis and provides insight for understanding sophisticated biochemical reactions.
Reversible Hydrogen Uptake/Release over a Sodium Phenoxide–Cyclohexanolate Pair
Authors: Yu Yang , He Teng , Wu Anan , Pei Qijun , Karkamkar Abhijeet , Autrey Tom , Chen Ping 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHydrogen uptake and release in arene–cycloalkane pairs provide an attractive opportunity for on‐board and off‐board hydrogen storage. However, the efficiency of arene–cycloalkane pairs currently is limited by unfavorable thermodynamics for hydrogen release. It is shown here that the thermodynamics can be optimized by replacement of H in the ‐OH group of cyclohexanol and phenol with alkali or alkaline earth metals. The enthalpy change upon dehydrogenation decreases substantially, which correlates with the delocalization of the oxygen electron to the benzene ring in phenoxides. Theoretical calculations reveal that replacement of H with a metal leads to a reduction of the HOMO–LUMO energy gap and elongation of the C−H bond in the α site in cyclohexanolate, which indicates that the cyclohexanol is activated upon metal substitution. The experimental results demonstrate that sodium phenoxide–cyclohexanolate, an air‐ and water‐stable pair, can desorb hydrogen at ca. 413 K and 373 K in the solid form and in an aqueous solution, respectively. Hydrogenation, on the other hand, is accomplished at temperatures as low as 303 K.
Genetically Encoding a Lipidated Amino Acid for Extension of Protein Half‐Life in vivo
Authors: Fu Caiyun , Chen Qi , Zheng Feng , Yang Liu , Li Haorong , Zhao Qianqian , Wang Xiumei , Wang Lei , Wang Qian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractProtein therapeutics are increasingly used to treat various diseases, yet they often suffer from short serum half‐lives. An emerging strategy to extend lifetime in vivo is to attach fatty acids onto proteins to increase their binding to human serum albumin (HSA). Herein, the genetic encoding of ϵ‐N‐heptanoyl‐l‐lysine (HepoK) is reported, which introduces a fatty‐acid‐containing amino acid into proteins with exquisite site‐specificity and homogeneity, overcoming issues associated with existing chemical conjugation methods. The expression in E .coli and purification of HepoK‐incorporated glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP1) is demonstrated. GLP1(HepoK) showed stronger binding to HSA than GLP1(WT), without impairing the stimulation of the GLP1 receptor in cells. Moreover, GLP1(HepoK) decreased blood glucose level to the same level as GLP1(WT) in mice, showing longer‐lasting effects than GLP1(WT). HepoK incorporation will also be useful for investigating the function of protein lipidation.
Intermolecular Regio‐ and Stereoselective Hetero‐[5+2] Cycloaddition of Oxidopyrylium Ylides and Cyclic Imines
Authors: Zhao Changgui , Glazier Daniel A. , Yang Daoshan , Yin Dan , Guzei IIia A. , Aristov Michael M. , Liu Peng , Tang Weiping 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe have developed the first intermolecular hetero‐[5+2] cycloaddition reaction between oxidopyrylium ylides and cyclic imines with excellent control of regio‐ and stereoselectivity. Surprisingly, divergent stereochemistry was observed depending on the substitution pattern of the oxidopyrylium ylide. This new reaction provides quick access to highly substituted nitrogen‐containing seven‐membered rings—azepanes. Notably, a broad range of oxidopyrylium ylides and cyclic imines participate in this novel hetero‐[5+2] cycloaddition reaction and the cycloadducts can be readily transformed into the core skeletons of bioactive natural products. DFT calculations revealed that the cycloaddition proceeds through a stepwise pathway and the imine nitrogen atom serves as the nucleophile to initiate the cycloaddition.
Catalytic Enantioselective Intramolecular C(sp3)−H Amination of 2‐Azidoacetamides
Authors: Zhou Zijun , Chen Shuming , Qin Jie , Nie Xin , Zheng Xingwen , Harms Klaus , Riedel Radostan , Houk K. N. , Meggers Eric 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn enantioselective ring‐closing C(sp3)−H amination of 2‐azidoacetamides is catalyzed by a chiral‐at‐metal ruthenium complex and provides chiral imidazolidin‐4‐ones in 31–95 % yield, with enantioselectivities of up to 95 % ee, and at catalyst loadings down to 0.1 mol % (turnover number (TON)=740). To our knowledge, this is the first example of a highly enantioselective C(sp3)−H amination with aliphatic azides. Mechanistic experiments reveal the importance of the amide group, which presumably enables initial bidentate coordination of the 2‐azidoacetamides to the catalyst. DFT calculations show that the transition state leading to the major enantiomer features a better steric fit and favorable π–π stacking between the substrate and the catalyst framework.
Tuning the electronic‐optical properties of porphyrin‐like porous C24N24 fullerene with (Li3O)n = (1–5) decoration. A computational study
Authors: Shakerzadeh Ehsan , Tahmasebi Elham , Solimannejad Mohammad , Chigo Anota Ernesto 
Published: November 2018

Using DFT methods, the electronic properties and the first hyperpolarizabilities of porphyrin‐like porous C24N24 fullerene decorated with (Li3O)n = (1–5) have been systematically investigated. It is found that Li3O molecules can effectively be adsorbed over N4 cavities of C24N24 with high interaction energies. This interaction is found to narrow the HOMO‐LUMO gap and work function values of C24N24. Thus its electronic properties are strongly sensitive to interaction with the Li3O molecules. Indeed, compared with the sole parent C24N24 fullerene, (Li3O)n = (1–5)@C24N24 possess large first hyperpolarizabilities (β0). Obviously, the Li3O superalkali chemisorbed over C24N24 fullerene exhibit not only excellent stability but also large first hyperpolarizability. Therefore, they are expected to be potential innovative candidates for excellent electro‐optical materials.