bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of competitiveness as a tool to stimulate innovation activity of enterprises of the rocket-space industry of the Russian Federation
Authors: Erygina L V , Kuznetsov A A , Levko V A , Polezhaeva N V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Innovation activity is the basis for the effective development of each economic system. It provides a high level of competitiveness, improves efficiency, creates the basis for sustainable economic growth. It is a necessary condition for the full participation of the country’s economy in the global labour market. Formation of a concept for the development of a domestic innovation system is very urgent to increase the competitiveness of Russian enterprises in the rocket and space industry and implement the concept of sustainable economic growth. Analysis of the influence of external and internal factors on competitiveness allows us to identify and adjust the direction of development of innovative activity of rocket-space industry enterprises in order to achieve their sustainable economic development.
Continuous improvement of engineering activities of the organization with use of cards of stream of value creation
Authors: Akhtulov A L , Ivanova L A , Charushina E B 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article describes measures to improve the organization’s activities by developing value stream maps as a basis for building lean production. Evidence is provided that the construction of a value stream map is a tool that has significant advantages over other similar tools for describing processes, with which it is possible to describe in detail how the organization should work in order to create a continuous flow.
Consideration of synergy in reforming the ICS RSI as a result of increasing high-tech civilian products
Authors: Borisova N M , Erygin Y V , Erygina L V , Osipenko V B , Shumakova N A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Large integrated structures dominate in the rocket and space industry, but current organization of these structures corresponds mainly only the tasks of fulfilling the state defense order. At the same time, one of the priority areas of the industry development is the focus on civilian products. The transition to it is caused by the changes in the system of integrated corporate structures. The article presents the main directions of transformation of integrated corporate structures in the context of increasing the share of high-tech civilian production, the sphere of synergy, as well as methods for estimating the synergistic effect in assessing the effectiveness of restructuring RCT enterprises.
Research of adaptive features of industrial enterprise crisis management system
Authors: Anikina Yu A , Fefelov A A , Malanina Yu N 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Currently, there is a significant decrease of industrial production level in Russia. The Russian economy has entered a recession, a moderate economic downturn, which will last at least until 2020. In 2019, analysts predict a decline in turnover for the equipment manufacture by 10%. At the same time, banks, having studied the market, give forecasts from 15 to 25 %. Retailers predict a decline in turnover of up to 30%. In this economic environment the researched enterprise JSC “R&D Zenith” will have to reduce production volumes. The article deals with the main features of the crisis management system at the enterprise such as flexibility and adaptability. The authors describe the method of analysis of the adaptive features of the crisis management system of the industrial enterprise, taking into account the specifics of its activities. This method is based on the key factors of the enterprise activity, which affect the adaptive features of the crisis management system, the nature of their changes and the relationship between them.
‘It’s Like a Sentence Before the Sentence’—Exploring the Pains and Possibilities of Waiting for Imprisonment
Authors: Laursen Julie , Mjåland Kristian , Crewe Ben 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article explores the implications of the ‘imprisonment queue’ in Norway. Based on interview data (N = 200), we show that while interviewees waiting to serve their sentences enjoy certain benefits such as being able to prepare for or negotiate the terms of their imprisonment, they also suffer from uncertainty and powerlessness. The suspension of their lives while they wait hinders them in pursuing their ground projects, things that really matter to them. This peculiar phenomenon has not received attention from prison scholars generally, as well as scholars writing on Nordic Exceptionalism specifically. This article addresses that gap and poses questions about the relative mildness of the short Norwegian sentences, and more broadly, about what constitutes punishment.
Metabolism of Odorant Molecules in Human Nasal/Oral Cavity Affects the Odorant Perception
Authors: Ijichi Chiori , Wakabayashi Hidehiko , Sugiyama Shingo , Ihara Yusuke , Nogi Yasuko , Nagashima Ayumi , Ihara Sayoko , Niimura Yoshihito , Shimizu Yuya , Kondo Kenji , Touhara Kazushige 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this study, we examined the mode of metabolism of food odorant molecules in the human nasal/oral cavity in vitro and in vivo. We selected 4 odorants, 2-furfurylthiol (2-FT), hexanal, benzyl acetate, and methyl raspberry ketone, which are potentially important for designing food flavors. In vitro metabolic assays of odorants with saliva/nasal mucus analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry revealed that human saliva and nasal mucus exhibit the following 3 enzymatic activities: (i) methylation of 2-FT into furfuryl methylsulfide (FMS); (ii) reduction of hexanal into hexanol; and (iii) hydrolysis of benzyl acetate into benzyl alcohol. However, (iv) demethylation of methyl raspberry ketone was not observed. Real-time in vivo analysis using proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry demonstrated that the application of 2-FT and hexanal through 3 different pathways via the nostril or through the mouth generated the metabolites FMS and hexanol within a few seconds. The concentration of FMS and hexanol in the exhaled air was above the perception threshold. A cross-adaptation study based on the activation pattern of human odorant receptors suggested that this metabolism affects odor perception. These results suggest that some odorants in food are metabolized in the human nasal mucus/saliva, and the resulting metabolites are perceived as part of the odor quality of the substrates. Our results help improve the understanding of the mechanism of food odor perception and may enable improved design and development of foods in relation to odor.
Understanding Workflow and Personal Protective Equipment Challenges Across Different Healthcare Personnel Roles
Authors: Harrod Molly , Petersen Laura , Weston Lauren E , Gregory Lynn , Mayer Jeanmarie , Samore Matthew H , Drews Frank A , Krein Sarah L 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Hospitals use standard and transmission-based precautions, including personal protective equipment (PPE), to prevent the spread of infectious organisms. However, little attention has been paid to the potentially unique challenges of various healthcare personnel (HCP) in following precaution practices.

Methods
From September through December 2016, 5 physicians, 5 nurses, and 4 physical therapists were shadowed for 1 hour 30 minutes to 3 hours 15 minutes at an academic medical center. Observers documented activities using unstructured field notes. Focus groups were conducted to better understand HCP perspectives about precautions and PPE-related challenges. Data were analyzed by comparing workflow and challenges (observed and stated) in precaution practices across HCP roles.

Results
Precaution patients were interspersed throughout physician rounds, which covered a broad geographic range throughout the hospital. Patient encounters were generally brief, and appropriate use of gowns and cleaning of personal stethoscopes varied among observed physicians. Nurses were unit based and frequently entered/exited rooms. Frustration with donning/doffing was especially apparent when needing supplies while in a precaution room, which nurses acknowledged was a time when practice lapses could occur. The observed physical therapists worked in one geographic location, spent extended periods of time with patients, and noted that given their close physical contact with patients, gowns do not fully protect them.

Conclusions
Movement patterns, time with patients, care activities, and equipment use varied across HCP, leading to a diverse set of challenges in following precaution practices and PPE use. Attention to these differences among HCP is important for understanding and developing effective strategies to prevent the potential spread of infectious organisms.
Day and night in the subterranean: measuring daily activity patterns of subterranean rodents (Ctenomys aff. knighti) using bio-logging
Authors: Jannetti Milene G , Buck C Loren , Valentinuzzi Veronica S , Oda Gisele A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
While most studies of the impacts of climate change have investigated shifts in the spatial distribution of organisms, temporal shifts in the time of activity is another important adjustment made by animals in a changing world. Due to the importance of light and temperature cycles in shaping activity patterns, studies of activity patterns of organisms that inhabit extreme environments with respect to the 24-hour cyclicity of Earth have the potential to provide important insights into the interrelationships among abiotic variables, behaviour and physiology. Our previous laboratory studies with Argentinean tuco-tucos from the Monte desert (Ctenomys aff. knighti) show that these subterranean rodents display circadian activity/rest rhythms that can be synchronized by artificial light/dark cycles. Direct observations indicate that tuco-tucos emerge mainly for foraging and for removal of soil from their burrows. Here we used bio-logging devices for individual, long-term recording of daily activity/rest (accelerometry) and time on surface (light-loggers) of six tuco-tucos maintained in outdoor semi-natural enclosures. Environmental variables were measured simultaneously. Activity bouts were detected both during day and night but 77% of the highest values happened during the daytime and 47% of them coincided with time on surface. Statistical analyses indicate time of day and temperature as the main environmental factors modulating time on surface. In this context, the total duration that these subterranean animals spent on surface was high during the winter, averaging 3 h per day and time on surface occurred when underground temperature was lowest. Finally, transport of these animals to the indoor laboratory and subsequent assessment of their activity rhythms under constant darkness revealed a switch in the timing of activity. Plasticity of activity timing is not uncommon among desert rodents and may be adaptive in changing environments, such as the desert where this species lives.
Perioperative prehabilitation and rehabilitation in esophagogastric malignancies: a systematic review
Authors: Bolger Jarlath C , Loughney Lisa , Tully Roisin , Cunningham Melanie , Keogh Shane , McCaffrey Noel , Hickey Wendy , Robb William B 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYCancers of the esophagus and stomach are challenging to treat. With the advent of neoadjuvant therapies, patients frequently have a preoperative window with potential to optimize their status before major resectional surgery. It is unclear as to whether a prehabilitation or optimization program can affect surgical outcomes. This systematic review appraises the current evidence for prehabilitation and rehabilitation in esophagogastric malignancy. A literature search was performed according to PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Studies including patients undergoing esophagectomy or gastrectomy were included. Studies reporting on at least one of aerobic capacity, muscle strength, quality of life, morbidity, and mortality were included. Twelve studies were identified for inclusion, comprising a total of 937 patients. There was significant heterogeneity between studies, with a variety of interventions, timelines, and outcome measures reported. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) consistently showed improvements in functional status preoperatively, with three studies showing improvements in respiratory complications with IMT. Postoperative rehabilitation was associated with improved clinical outcomes. There may be a role for prehabilitation among patients undergoing major resectional surgery in esophagogastric malignancy. A large randomized controlled trial is warranted to investigate this further.
Multiple Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Respite Service Access for People With Dementia and Their Carers
Authors: O’Shea Emma , Timmons Suzanne , O’Shea Eamon , Irving Kate 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
People with dementia and carers do not always access respite services in a timely manner, or in some cases, at all. Although carers’ perspectives on respite access have been explored, other stakeholder perspectives, especially providers and people with dementia, are underrepresented in the existing literature. The aim of this study was to synthesize multiple stakeholders’ perspectives, including people with dementia, on accessing respite services in the context of dementia.

Research Design and Methods
Purposive maximum variation sampling was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 key stakeholders, including people with dementia (n = 6), carers (n = 9), respite frontline staff (n = 4), respite managers (n = 8), primary care professionals (n = 3), and policy-makers/academics (n = 5). The process of consent is outlined. Data were interpreted inductively using thematic analysis. Reflexivity was considered throughout the research process.

Results
Three themes (“Service Acceptability,” “Navigational Knowledge and Skills,” “Constructing and Adjudicating Respite Need”) were identified that relate to how access to respite services is negotiated between service providers and dyads.

Discussion and Implications
A number of the findings support previous research; however, novel findings discussed relating to the access negotiation process include (a) the ambiguous legitimacy of respite needs, in a system configured to deliver a biomedical model of care and which considers nonmedical care as a family responsibility, and (b) the constraining effects of disparate conceptualizations of “respite” between carers and providers. Future research should interrogate the appropriate boundaries of public responsibility in relation to respite service planning/delivery for dementia, with particular reference to client preferences for community and in-home provision.
Next-generation AAV vectors—do not judge a virus (only) by its cover
Authors: Domenger Claire , Grimm Dirk 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are under intensive investigation in numerous clinical trials after they have emerged as a highly promising vector for human gene therapy. Best exemplifying their power and potential is the authorization of three gene therapy products based on wild-type AAV serotypes, comprising Glybera (AAV1), Luxturna (AAV2) and, most recently, Zolgensma (AAV9). Nonetheless, it has also become evident that the current AAV vector generation will require improvements in transduction potency, antibody evasion and cell/tissue specificity to allow the use of lower and safer vector doses. To this end, others and we devoted substantial previous research to the implementation and application of key technologies for engineering of next-generation viral capsids in a high-throughput ‘top-down’ or (semi-)rational ‘bottom-up’ approach. Here, we describe a set of recent complementary strategies to enhance features of AAV vectors that act on the level of the recombinant cargo. As examples that illustrate the innovative and synergistic concepts that have been reported lately, we highlight (i) novel synthetic enhancers/promoters that provide an unprecedented degree of AAV tissue specificity, (ii) pioneering genetic circuit designs that harness biological (microRNAs) or physical (light) triggers as regulators of AAV gene expression and (iii) new insights into the role of AAV DNA structures on vector genome stability, integrity and functionality. Combined with ongoing capsid engineering and selection efforts, these and other state-of-the-art innovations and investigations promise to accelerate the arrival of the next generation of AAV vectors and to solidify the unique role of this exciting virus in human gene therapy.
On the exact modelling of linear systems
Authors: Pechlivanidou Georgia G , Karampetakis Nicholas P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
It is well known that given the continuous-time AutoRegressive representation $A\left ( \rho \right ) \beta \left ( t\right ) =0,$ where $\rho $ denotes the differential operator and $A\left ( \rho \right ) $ a regular polynomial matrix, we can always construct the smooth behaviour of this system, by using the finite zero structure of $A\left ( \rho \right ) $. The main theme of this work is to study the following inverse problem: given a specific smooth behaviour, find a family of regular polynomial matrices $A\left ( \rho \right ) $, such that the system $A\left ( \rho \right ) \beta \left ( t\right ) =0$ has exactly the prescribed behaviour. Following an idea coming from Antoulas & Willems (1993) and Willems (1986, 1991) we present an algorithm which solve this problem and can be easily implemented either in a computer programming language like C++ or in a computer algebra system like Mathematica.
The Risks of Election Observation: International Condemnation and Post-Election Violence
Authors: von Borzyskowski Inken 
Published: June 2019

AbstractResearch on international election observation shows that observation reduces fraud, encourages participation, and boosts confidence in the election. However, this conventional account misses the negative, violence-inducing potential of observer criticism. This is the first study examining how observer criticism influences post-election violence. Democracy depends on the loser’s consent, and the willingness of election losers to be governed by the winners can be influenced by observer criticism. When reputable observers criticize the credibility of an election, they can encourage losers to challenge the result. Observer criticism strengthens the electoral loser by legitimizing a challenge and serving as a focal point for mobilization. Using data on post-election violence in thirty-eight countries in sub-Saharan Africa since 1990, I show that internationally condemned elections are more likely to turn violent than not-condemned elections. These results are robust to various control variables (including observer presence and election fraud) and accounting for potential selection, spuriousness, endogeneity, and omitted variables.
Investigating “Missing” Women: Gender, Ghosts, and the Bosnian Peace Process
Authors: McLeod Laura 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWomen usually play a limited role in peace processes, at times because of deliberate efforts to marginalize them. As a result, academic and practitioner knowledge has focused on the absence of female bodies from peace processes. I argue that we can generate knowledge about women and peace processes by exploring both the ways that women are omitted and the enduring effects of their exclusion. I use the 1991–1995 Bosnian peace process, which culminated with the November 1995 Dayton Peace Agreement, to explore how we can find something meaningful at the site of “missing.” Avery Gordon's language of ghosts and haunting allows us to notice how women are made missing from stories of the Bosnian peace process. Ghosts also linger, allowing us to notice how the past of exclusion continues to shape contemporary activism in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Thus, by paying attention to the effects of being (made) missing we can understand how scholars and practitioners produce knowledge about women and gender. Following ghosts highlights that when we find something missing, it matters how it is missing. It is insufficient just to note the absence of women, whether from peace processes or from other political phenomena. Rather, we need to examine the consequences of their absence.
Diagnostics of timing noise in middle-aged pulsars
Authors: Namkham Nakornping , Jaroenjittichai Phrudth , Johnston Simon 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Radio pulsars are often used as clocks in a wide variety of experiments. Imperfections in the clock, known as timing noise, have the potential to reduce the significance of, or even thwart e.g. the attempt to find a stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background. We measure the timing noise in a group of 129 mostly middle-aged pulsars (i.e. characteristic ages near 1 Myr) observed with the Parkes radio telescope on a monthly basis since 2014. We examine four different metrics for timing noise, but it remains unclear which, if any, provides the best determination. In spite of this, it is evident that these pulsars have significantly less timing noise than their younger counterparts, but significantly more than the (much older) millisecond pulsars (MSPs). As with previous authors, we find a strong correlation between timing noise and the pulsar spin-down rate, $\dot{\nu}$. However, for a given $\dot{\nu}$ there is a spread of about a factor of 30 in the strength of the timing noise likely indicating that nuclear conditions in the interior of the stars differ between objects. We briefly comment on the implications for GW detection through pulsar timing arrays as the level of timing noise in MSPs may be less than predicted.
Probing cosmic dawn with emission lines: predicting infrared and nebular line emission for ALMA and JWST
Authors: Katz Harley , Galligan Thomas P , Kimm Taysun , Rosdahl Joakim , Haehnelt Martin G , Blaizot Jeremy , Devriendt Julien , Slyz Adrianne , Laporte Nicolas , Ellis Richard 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Infrared and nebular lines provide some of our best probes of the physics regulating the properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) at high redshift. However, interpreting the physical conditions of high-redshift galaxies directly from emission lines remains complicated due to inhomogeneities in temperature, density, metallicity, ionization parameter, and spectral hardness. We present a new suite of cosmological, radiation-hydrodynamics simulations, each centred on a massive Lyman-break galaxy that resolves such properties in an inhomogeneous ISM. Many of the simulated systems exhibit transient but well-defined gaseous discs that appear as velocity gradients in [C ii] 157.6 $\mu$m emission. Spatial and spectral offsets between [C ii] 157.6 $\mu$m and [O iii] 88.33 $\mu$m are common, but not ubiquitous, as each line probes a different phase of the ISM. These systems fall on the local [C ii]–SFR relation, consistent with newer observations that question previously observed [C ii] 157.6 $\mu$m deficits. Our galaxies are consistent with the nebular line properties of observed z ∼ 2–3 galaxies and reproduce offsets on the BPT and mass-excitation diagrams compared to local galaxies due to higher star formation rate (SFR), excitation, and specific-SFR, as well as harder spectra from young, metal-poor binaries. We predict that local calibrations between H α and [O ii] 3727$\, \mathring{\rm A}$ luminosity and galaxy SFR apply up to z > 10, as do the local relations between certain strong line diagnostics (R23 and [O iii] 5007$\, \mathring{\rm A}$/H β) and galaxy metallicity. Our new simulations are well suited to interpret the observations of line emission from current (ALMA and HST) and upcoming facilities (JWST and ngVLA).