bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity and Hidden Host Specificity of Chytrids Infecting Colonial Volvocacean Algae
Authors: Van den Wyngaert Silke , Rojas‐Jimenez Keilor , Seto Kensuke , Kagami Maiko , Grossart Hans‐Peter 
Published: May 2018

AbstractChytrids are zoosporic fungi that play an important, but yet understudied, ecological role in aquatic ecosystems. Many chytrid species have been morphologically described as parasites on phytoplankton. However, the majority of them have rarely been isolated and lackDNAsequence data. In this study we isolated and cultivated three parasitic chytrids, infecting a common volvocacean host species,Yamagishiella unicocca. To identify the chytrids, we characterized morphology and life cycle, and analyzed phylogenetic relationships based on 18S and 28SrDNAgenes. Host range and specificity of the chytrids was determined by cross‐infection assays with host strains, characterized byrbcL andITSmarkers. We were able to confirm the identity of two chytrid strains asEndocoenobium eudorinaeIngold andDangeardia mamillataSchröder and described the third chytrid strain asAlgomyces stechlinensisgen. et sp. nov. The three chytrids were assigned to novel and phylogenetically distant clades within the phylum Chytridiomycota, each exhibiting different host specificities. By integrating morphological and molecular data of both the parasitic chytrids and their respective host species, we unveiled cryptic host‐parasite associations. This study highlights that a high prevalence of (pseudo)cryptic diversity requires molecular characterization of both phytoplankton host and parasitic chytrid to accurately identify and compare host range and specificity, and to study phytoplankton‐chytrid interactions in general.
Reactive oral lesions associated with dental implants. A systematic review
Authors: Atarbashi‐Moghadam Fazele , Atarbashi‐Moghadam Saede , Namdari Mahshid , Shahrabi‐Farahani Shokoufeh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractReactive lesion formation around dental implants a complication that has been given much consideration. These lesions can lead to marginal bone loss, and consequently, implant failure. In the present systematic review, all reported reactive lesions associated with dental implants in the literature were assessed. An electronic search was performed using PubMed Central, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. The search strategy was limited to human studies (case reports and case series), full‐text English language articles, published until May 2017. A total of 19 articles reporting 27 lesions in 25 cases were included. Peripheral giant cell granuloma and pyogenic granuloma were the most reactive lesions found around dental implants. The mean age of the patients was 51.28 ± 14.48 years, with a slight female predilection. Posterior mandibular gingiva was the most common location for these lesions. The recurrence rate of lesions was 33.33%, and the chance of implant removal was 29.62%. Due to the clinical significance of these lesions, early histopathologic examination is recommended to exclude the presence of such pathological lesions.
It’s like balancing on a slackline—A description of how adults with congenital heart disease describe themselves in relation to physical activity
Authors: Bay Annika , Lämås Kristina , Berghammer Malin , Sandberg Camilla , Johansson Bengt 
Published: May 2018

Aims and objectivesTo illuminate how adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) describe themselves in relation to physical activity.BackgroundSeveral studies have shown that adults with CHD have reduced exercise capacity and do not reach the recommended daily level of physical activity. With this in view, it is of immense importance to investigate how this population experiences physical activity.DesignQualitative study with semistructured interviews analysed with qualitative content analysis.MethodsSemistructured interviews were individually performed with 14 adults (women = 7, age 19–68 years) with complex CHD. Patients were purposively recruited from the clinic waiting list, based on a scheduled follow‐up and diagnosis.ResultsThe overall theme, It′s like balancing on a slackline, illustrates how adults with CHD described themselves in relation to physical activity. This overall theme consisted of four subthemes: (a) Being an adventurer—enjoying the challenges of physical activity; (b) Being a realist—adapting to physical ability; (c) Being a non‐doer—lacking prerequisites for physical activity; and (d) Being an outsider—feeling excluded depending on physical ability.ConclusionsAdults with CHD seem to have a diverse relationship with physical activity and it involves various aspects throughout the lifespan. The findings point out factors that might constitute as obstacles for being physically active, specific for people with chronic conditions like CHD. This highlights the importance of further exploring the hindering and facilitating factors for being physically active to get a deeper understanding of how to support adults with CHD to be physically active.Relevance to clinical practiceGiven the diverse relationship with physical activity, nurses have to further investigate the patients’ relationship with physical activity, to support a healthy lifestyle. Nurses and allied health professionals should offer individualised exercise prescriptions and education about suitable physical activities in relation to physical ability.
Using qualitative data to enhance our understanding of the reasons young people decline Structured Diabetes Education programmes
Authors: Coates Vivien , Horigan Geraldine , Carey Marian , Davies Mark 
Published: May 2018

AimTo explore the reasons young people with type 1 diabetes decline Structured Diabetes Education from the perspectives of the young people themselves, their parents and diabetes educators.BackgroundStructured Diabetes Education programmes that are evidence based and quality assured are a key component to empowering people with diabetes to self‐manage effectively. However, research reveals that uptake of structured education programmes is disappointingly low.DesignQualitative cross‐sectional study involving participants from Northern Ireland and England.MethodsTwenty young people with type 1 diabetes (13–22 years) who had declined Structured Diabetes Education within the past 2 years, 17 parents of a young person with type 1 diabetes and 16 diabetes educators participated in semistructured interviews and focus groups.ResultsThree main themes emerged from across all three groups: timing, access and communication issues. In addition, a lack of understanding by the referrer was cited by some young people and their parents. Diabetes educators were sympathetic and understood many of the reasons why Structured Diabetes Education was declined. Solutions were proposed to overcome expressed barriers.ConclusionsAlthough the expressed reasons for declining might suggest that the young people simply did not prioritise education, this study adds a more nuanced scenario to the debate. The interviews revealed the tensions that exist between people's daily commitments and their need to self‐manage their diabetes. The young people and their parents must be given a much stronger sense of the importance of Structured Diabetes Education and ways to accommodate attendance must be sought. Diabetes educators must be able to better promote the importance of Structured Diabetes Education.Relevance to clinical practiceAs optimal glycaemic control is so vital for long‐term health, there is an urgent need to understand how to respond more fully to the needs of young people who have type 1 diabetes.
Role‐modelling and the hidden curriculum: New graduate nurses’ professional socialisation
Authors: Hunter Kiri , Cook Catherine 
Published: May 2018

Aims and objectivesTo explore new graduate nurses’ experiences of professional socialisation by registered nurses in hospital‐based practice settings, and identify strategies that support professional identity development.BackgroundProfessionalism is reinforced and stabilised in the clinical environment through the “hidden curriculum”, with major learning coming from practice role‐models. New graduates observe attitudes, behaviours, decision‐making and skills, and gain feedback from registered nurses, which they translate into their own practice. Professional socialisation occurs through encounters with desirable and undesirable role‐modelling; both are significant in professional identity formation.DesignQualitative descriptive design.MethodData collection was undertaken through semistructured interviews with five new graduate nurse participants. A general inductive approach guided analysis. The meaningful descriptions gained provided insight into their experiences.ResultsThree main themes identified from the data include: “Lessons from the wilderness”; “Life in the wild”; and “Belonging to a wolf pack”. The data set highlighted the major transitional process from student identity to registered nurse.ConclusionsNew graduates’ rethinking of beliefs and professional nursing identities were influenced by organisational pressures and experienced nurses’ role‐modelling practices contrary to professional values. Despite encountering a range of professional behaviours, attitudes and dilemmas, new graduates were capable of moral agency and critical thinking. However, they rapidly acculturated and described compromises to cope. To promote high morale and a sense of belonging, a concerted effort is required by all nurses to facilitate the socialisation process to encourage self‐authorship.Relevance to clinical practiceA well‐developed professional identity enhances nursing as a profession, contributing towards better healthcare delivery and outcomes. It is critically important how professional values are learnt within the culture of nursing. Tensions in clinical practice need to be understood better to avoid moral distress caused by dissonance between expectation and experience. It is advantageous to increase early positive socialisation.
Documentation of psychotropic pro re nata medication administration: An evaluation of electronic health records compared with paper charts and verbal reports
Authors: Martin Krystle , Ham Elke , Hilton N Zoe 
Published: May 2018

Aims and objectivesTo describe the documentation of pro re nata (PRN) medication for anxiety and to compare documentation at two hospitals providing similar psychiatric services, one that used paper charts and another that used an electronic health record (EHR). We also assessed congruence between nursing documentation and verbal reports from staff about the PRN administration process.BackgroundThe ability to accurately document patients’ symptoms and the care given is considered a core competency of the nursing profession (Wilkinson, Nursing process and critical thinking, Saddle River, 2007); however, researchers have found poor concordance between nursing notes and verbal reports or observations of events (e.g., Marinis et al., 2010, J Clin Nurs, 19, 1544–1552) and considerable information missing (e.g., Marinis et al., 2010, J Clin Nurs, 19, 1544–1552). Additionally, the administration of PRN medication has consistently been noted to be poorly documented (e.g., Baker et al., 2008, J Clin Nurs, 17, 1122–1131).DesignThe project was a mixed‐method, two‐phase study that collected data from two sites.MethodsIn phase 1, nursing documentation of PRN medication administrations was reviewed in patient charts; phase 2 included verbal reports from staff about this practice.ResultsNurses using EHR documented more information than those using paper charts, including the reason for PRN administration, who initiated the administration, and effectiveness. There were some differences between written and verbal reports, including whether potential side effects were explained to patients prior to PRN administration.ConclusionsWe continue the calls for attention to be paid to improving the quality of nursing documentation. Our results support the shift to using EHR, yet not relying on this method completely to ensure comprehensiveness of documentation.Relevance to clinical practiceEfforts to address the quality of documentation, particularly for PRN administration, are needed. This could be made through training, using structured report templates and by switching to electronic databases.
Exploring family members’ experiences during a death process in the emergency department: A grounded theory study
Authors: Berbís‐Morelló Carme , Mora‐López Gerard , Berenguer‐Poblet Marta , Raigal‐Aran Laia , Montesó‐Curto Pilar , Ferré‐Grau Carme 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo identify which are the needs arised from feelings, perceptions and experiences of the family members during any time within the death process in an emergency service of an acute care hospital, with regard to the assistance received.BackgroundThe publications refer to the needs expressed by bereaved families, who explain the support they received right after the death of a relative in an emergency service, and during the months after the tragedy.DesignQualitative study drawing on grounded theory based on Charmaz (2006).MethodsTen interviews were conducted to a member of each family, who had been in an emergency service with a relative during any of the stages of the dying process. Data were collected from September 2015–June 2016. The analysis was made while data were being collected. Three types of codification were carried out: open, axial and selective. Theoretical saturation was achieved after data collection and analysis.ResultsThree thematic categories emerged: the power of information/communication (a), decisions taken by professionals within the dimension of caring (b) and the humanisation of death in emergency services (c).ConclusionsThe quality of the information given to families in the process of death in an emergency service affects to their satisfaction. Family support must be essential in a situation of death. Institutions must guarantee standards of practice, which include orientation on the care of people in bereavement, and the commitment to provide specialised attention those families.Relevance to clinical practiceResearch findings reveal the need to create changes within clinical practice, regarding how to take care of the family involved in a death process in an emergency service. From the needs detected by the participants, it could be possible to implement an interventional programme, which offers the relatives the emotional support they may need.
Perspectives on oral squamous cell carcinoma prevention—proliferation, position, progression and prediction
Authors: Thomson P. J. 
Published: May 2018

Squamous cell carcinoma arising from oral mucosal epithelium remains a lethal and deforming disease due to tumour invasion, oro‐facial destruction, cervical lymph node metastasis and ultimate blood‐borne dissemination. Worldwide, 300 000 new cases are seen each year, with a recent and significant rise in incidence affecting particularly the young. To rationalize perspectives on preventive strategies in oral cancer management, this study addresses a number of fundamental questions regarding carcinogenesis: proliferation—what epithelial cell changes precede tumour development? Position—why are certain oral sites so predisposed to cancer? Progression—why do some precursor lesions progress to invasive carcinoma and others do not? Prediction—how can we predict individual patient and/or lesion behaviour to prevent disease progression? By improving our understanding of oral carcinogenesis, can we thereby facilitate more effective primary, secondary and tertiary preventive strategies and ultimately reduce the global burden of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)?
Evaluation of a hepatitis C clinical care coordination programme’s effect on treatment initiation and cure: A surveillance‐based propensity score matching approach
Authors: Deming R. , Ford M. M. , Moore M. S. , Lim S. , Perumalswami P. , Weiss J. , Wyatt B. , Shukla S. , Litwin A. , Reynoso S. , Laraque F. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHepatitis C (HCV) is a viral infection that if left untreated can severely damage the liver. ProjectINSPIREwas a 3 yearHCVcare coordination programme in New York City (NYC) that aimed to address barriers to treatment initiation and cure by providing patients with supportive services and health promotion. We examined whether enrolment in ProjectINSPIREwas associated with differences inHCVtreatment and cure compared with a demographically similar group not enrolled in the programme.INSPIREparticipants in 2015 were matched with a cohort ofHCV‐infected persons identified in theNYCsurveillance registry, using full optimal matching on propensity scores and stratified byINSPIREenrolment status. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess group differences in the two treatment outcomes. Two follow‐up sensitivity analyses using individual pair‐matched sets and the full unadjusted cohort were also conducted. Treatment was initiated by 72% (790/1130) ofINSPIREparticipants and 36% (11 960/32 819) of study‐eligible controls. Among initiators, 65% (514/790) ofINSPIREparticipants compared with 47% (5641/11 960) of controls achieved cure. In the matched analysis, enrolment inINSPIREincreased the odds of treatment initiation (OR: 5.25, 95%CI: 4.47‐6.17) and cure (OR: 2.52, 95%CI: 2.00‐3.16). Results from the sensitivity analyses showed agreement with the results from the full optimal match. Participation in theHCVcare coordination programme significantly increased the probability of treatment initiation and cure, demonstrating that care coordination forHCV‐infected individuals improves treatment outcomes.
Novel and emerging therapies for cholestatic liver diseases
Authors: Goldstein Jordan , Levy Cynthia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhile bile acids are important for both digestion and signalling, hydrophobic bile acids can be harmful, especially when in high concentrations. Mechanisms for the protection of cholangiocytes against bile acid cytotoxicity include negative feedback loops via farnesoid X nuclear receptor (FXR) activation, the bicarbonate umbrella, cholehepatic shunting and anti‐inflammatory signalling, among others. By altering or overwhelming these defence mechanisms, cholestatic diseases such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) can further progress to biliary cirrhosis, end‐stage liver disease and death or liver transplantation. While PBC is currently treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and obeticholic acid (OCA), many fail treatment, and we have yet to find an effective therapy for PSC. Novel therapies under evaluation target nuclear and surface receptors including FXR, transmembrane G‐protein–coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR). Modulation of these receptors leads to altered bile composition, decreased cytotoxicity, decreased inflammation and improved metabolism. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of bile acids in the pathophysiology of cholestatic liver diseases, presents the rationale for already approved medical therapies and discusses novel pharmacologic therapies under investigation.
Inflammation in psychiatric disorders: what comes first?
Authors: Bauer Moisés E. , Teixeira Antonio L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNeuropsychiatric disorders (i.e., mood disorders and schizophrenia) and inflammation are closely intertwined, and possibly powering each other in a bidirectional loop. Depression facilitates inflammatory reactions and inflammation promotes depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Patients with neuropsychiatric disorders exhibit all cardinal features of inflammation, including increased circulating levels of inflammatory inducers, activated sensors, and inflammatory mediators targeting all tissues. Inflammation may contribute to the pathophysiology and clinical progression of these disorders. Of note, proinflammatory cytokines modulate mood behavior and cognition by reducing brain monoamine levels, activating neuroendocrine responses, promoting excitotoxicity (increased glutamate levels), and impairing brain plasticity. What are the sources of this chronic inflammation? Increasing evidence indicates that changes in neuroendocrine regulation, metabolism, diet/microbiota, and negative health behaviors are important triggers of inflammation. Finally, recent data indicate that early‐life stress is associated with overt inflammation prior to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders.
A healthy measure of monitoring fundamentals!
Authors: Wallin Mats , Lönnqvist Per‐Arne 
Published: May 2018

SummaryMonitoring represents a seminal part of modern anesthesia but it is imperative that clinicians and health care staff understand the fundamentals of measurements to correctly understand, apply, and at times discard various monitoring options. The world of measurements is a very precise science that needs to be fully acknowledged. This communication aims at highlighting certain issues relevant to everyday clinical monitoring.
Enhanced recovery after surgery in children: Promising, evidence‐based multidisciplinary care
Authors: Rove Kyle O. , Edney John C. , Brockel Megan A. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal approach to the care of the surgical patient focused on reducing the stress response and associated physiologic changes that accompany surgery. Over the past 20 years, ERAS programs have been found to result in reduced LOS and complications in adult patients. Despite abundant adult literature describing implementation and outcomes of enhanced recovery programs, pediatric data in this area is sparse. This educational review describes the history and elements of ERAS protocols, reviews the available evidence in adult and pediatric populations, compares and contrasts ERAS with the PSH, and offers strategies for implementation and ideas for future directions of ERAS in children.
Perioperative factors associated with persistent opioid use after extensive abdominal surgery in children and adolescents: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Owusu‐Agyemang Pascal , Cata Juan P. , Meter Antoinette Van , Kapoor Ravish , Zavala Acsa M. , Williams Uduak U. , Tsai January , Rebello Elizabeth , Feng Lei , Hayes‐Jordan Andrea 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundIn adults, preoperative opioid use and higher perioperative opioid consumption have been associated with higher odds of persistent opioid use after surgery. There are limited data on the prevalence and factors associated with persistent opioid use after major oncologic surgery in children.AimsIn this study, we sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with the development of persistent opioid use in a group of children and adolescents who had undergone cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.MethodsA retrospective study of patients ≤19 years of age was performed. Univariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with a postdischarge persistent opioid use of up to 6 months.ResultsEighty‐six children were identified. The median age was 12 years, and 43% were female. The proportion of patients with persistent opioid use over the immediate 3, 6, 12 and 24 postdischarge months was 54/77 (70%), 18/51 (35%), 13/45 (29%), and 3/24 (13%), respectively. The daily average in‐patient pain scores were higher in the group of children who subsequently developed persistent opioid use of up to 6 months (estimated difference 0.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3, 0.8, P < .01). Furthermore, higher postoperative opioid consumption was associated with greater odds of a subsequent persistent opioid use of up to 6 months (odds ratio 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.07, P = .05).ConclusionIn this retrospective study of children and adolescents who had undergone a major oncologic surgery, higher in‐patient pain scores and higher postoperative opioid consumption were associated with a persistent opioid use of up to 6 months.