bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating cosmological substructure in the solar neighbourhood
Authors: Simpson Christine M , Gargiulo Ignacio , Gómez Facundo A , Grand Robert J J , Maffione Nicolás , Cooper Andrew P , Deason Alis J , Frenk Carlos , Helly John , Marinacci Federico , Pakmor Rüdiger 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We explore the predictive power of cosmological, hydrodynamical simulations for stellar phase-space substructure and velocity correlations with the auriga simulations and aurigaia mock Gaia catalogues. We show that at the solar circle the auriga simulations commonly host phase-space structures in the stellar component that have constant orbital energies and arise from accreted subhaloes. These structures can persist for a few Gyr, even after coherent streams in position space have been erased. We also explore velocity two-point correlation functions and find this diagnostic is not deterministic for particular clustering patterns in phase space. Finally, we explore these structure diagnostics with the aurigaia catalogues and show that current catalogues have the ability to recover some structures in phase space but careful consideration is required to separate physical structures from numerical structures arising from catalogue generation methods.
Development and Evaluation of a Preoperative Trigeminal Neuralgia Scoring System to Predict Long-Term Outcome Following Microvascular Decompression
Authors: Panczykowski David M , Jani Ronak H , Hughes Marion A , Sekula Raymond F 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Microvascular decompression (MVD) can be an effective intervention for trigeminal neuralgia (TN); however, an optimal system for patient selection and surgical outcome prediction has not been defined.

OBJECTIVE
To develop and validate a preoperative TN grading system for the prediction of long-term pain relief after MVD.

METHODS
This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients suffering unilateral TN who underwent MVD with >18-mo follow-up. A grading system was formulated using 3 previously validated preoperative characteristics. The primary end-point was long-term, pain-free status without use of medication. Ability to predict pain-free status was analyzed by multiple regression and assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Clinical utility to predict MVD success and reduce unnecessary surgeries was assessed by decision-curve analysis.

RESULTS
Of 208 patients analyzed, 73% were pain-free without medication at >18-mo follow-up. Pain-free status was predicted by classical TN type, positive response to carbamazepine and/or oxcarbazepine, and presence and nature of neurovascular compression demonstrated on MRI (all P < .01). The TN grading system demonstrated good discriminatory ability for prediction of pain-free status (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.80-0.91). Decision-curve analysis demonstrated a net reduction of 20 cases likely to be unsuccessful per 100 patients evaluated with this grading system above a decision threshold of 80%.

CONCLUSION
This TN grading system reliably predicts long-term pain-free status without medications following MVD. The use of the TN grading system as part of a comprehensive work-up may reduce the number of unsuccessful operations.
Books in Battle: The Violent Poetics of Misdirection in Old English Riddle 53
Authors: Aiello Matthew 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Riddle 53 is one of the only remaining Old English riddles that still lacks a satisfactory solution. Previous solutions have included ‘battering-ram’ and GEALGA (‘gallows’ or ‘cross’), but neither of these answers solves the whole text. This article offers the first solution to solve the riddle completely without ignoring contradictory evidence or difficult lines; my solution is BOC OND FEÐER (‘book and quill-pen’). In addition to a new solution, this article offers an alternative approach for decoding medieval enigmas, one that foregrounds the connections between texts that surface reading and surface deceptions can offer. In other words, I argue for the clustering of riddles based on similarities in what I call the ‘poetics of misdirection’—their slippery surface themes and the places to which they are obviously trying to lead the reader—as an organizing principle for reading across the corpus. This method traces specific histories of poetic deception and appropriately situates Riddle 53 in a sub-genre of classroom literatures (in both Latin and Old English) that use violence and martial language as a form of misdirection when describing objects found in the early English scriptorium. Further, by focusing on the physical (rather than intellectual) labour required in the material process of bookmaking, this article emphasizes an aspect of life with books in the early Middle Ages that modern readers have often glossed over.
Spinal Fusion Surgery and Local Antibiotic Administration
Authors: Maria Sartori , Deyanira Contartese , Francesca Salamanna , Lucia Martini , Alessandro Ricci , Silvia Terzi , Alessandro Gasbarrini , Milena Fini 
Published: September 2019

Study Design.
Systematic review.

Objective.
The present review of clinical and preclinical in vivo studies focused on the local antibiotic administration for surgical site infection (SSI) in spinal fusion procedures and identifying new approaches or research direction able to release antibiotics in the infected environment.

Summary of Background Data.
SSI is a severe complication of spinal fusion procedures that represents a challenging issue for orthopedic surgeons. SSIs can range from 0.7% to 2.3% without instrumentation up to 6.7% with the use of instrumentation with significant implications in health care costs and patient management.

Method.
A systematic search was carried out by two independent researchers according to the PRISMA statement in three databases (www.pubmed.com, www.scopus.com and www.webofknowledge.com) to identify preclinical in vivo and clinical reports in the last 10 years. Additionally, to evaluate ongoing clinical trials, three of the major clinical registry websites were also checked (www.clinicaltrials.gov, www.who.int/ictrp, https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu).

Results.
After screening, a total of 43 articles were considered eligible for the review: 36 clinical studies and seven preclinical studies. In addition, six clinical trials were selected from the clinical registry websites.

Conclusion.
The results reported that the topical vancomycin application seem to represent a strategy to reduce SSI incidence in spine surgery. However, the use of local vancomycin as a preventive approach for SSIs in spine surgery is mostly based on retrospective studies with low levels of evidence and moderate/severe risk of bias that do not allow to draw a clear conclusion. This review also underlines that several key points concerning the local use of antibiotics in spinal fusion still remains to be defined to allow this field to make a leap forward that would lead to the identification of specific approaches to counteract the onset of SSIs.

Level of Evidence: 4
Physical Activity: Levels, Knowledge, and Attitudes of Physical Therapy Students in the United States
Authors: Pathare Neeti , Conroy Jordan , Gillard Alexis , Hansen Mallory 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To determine the physical activity (PA) level, knowledge of guidelines, and attitudes and role perceptions about promotion of PA in Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional design study, convenience sampling was used to recruit DPT students (n = 87, 24.6 ± 4.4 y). Each participant completed a survey that included as follows: International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), knowledge, attitudes, and role modeling about PA. A subset (n = 15) used Fitbit to record PA over a 7-day period. Data were converted to metabolic equivalent (METS)/min/min to categorize participants into low/moderate/vigorous PA levels. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were conducted (P < .05).

Results:
On the IPAQ, 48%, 40%, and 12% participants reported a high, moderate, and low level of PA, respectively, and 62% participants met the guidelines. An agreement was noted between IPAQ and Fitbit data for meeting PA guidelines (P = .005). Respondents (61%) reported correct knowledge of PA guidelines and agreed/strongly agreed to the 7 questions (56%–86%) about the role of physical therapists in promoting PA.

Conclusions:
Based on our sample, most DPT students engage in and have knowledge of the recommended levels of PA, and value their role to give patients advice about PA.
Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Improves Sports Performance in an Elite Female Athlete
Authors: Mueller Karen , Williams Petra S. , Haley Laura , Heick John 
Published: September 2019

Introduction and Purpose:Rigorous training of elite athletes can lead to nonfunctional overreaching (NFOR) and overtraining (OT), both of which decrease performance and increase the risk of injury. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of autonomic nervous system balance. Reductions in HRV are associated with NFOR and OT. Breath-based biofeedback increases HRV through activation of the baroreceptor reflex.Purpose:This case study explored the impact of breath-based HRV biofeedback (HRV-BF) training on daily resting HRV values of a female triathlete and the association between daily HRV with subjective performance indicators of workout quality and amount of postworkout energy.Methods:A 24-year-old female triathlete completed an 8-week A-B repeated-measures study—A: baseline; 4 weeks and B: intervention HRV-BF training; 4 weeks. The subject recorded daily resting HRV for 120 seconds, completed regular daily training, and measured workout performance and postworkout energy levels on a 0 to 10 scale. During B, the subject added 15 minutes of HRV-BF 5 times per week.Results:With HRV-BF, median HRV level increased (A: 137; B: 191) and the interquartile band narrowed (A: 83–184; B: 142–201), suggesting higher HRV with less variability. The subject had more days at highest readiness (A: 35%; B: 62%). Median values for reports of workout performance and postworkout energy increased.Conclusions:This study found that, for this subject, 15 minutes of HRV-BF, 5 times per week, was associated with increased HRV and improved subjective workout performance. Further research exploring HRV measures and biofeedback to inform athletic performance is warranted.
Utility of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in Centers For Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)-defined Severe Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Kolomeyer Natasha N. , Mantravadi Anand V. , Brody Gregory , Myers Jonathan S. 
Published: September 2019

Precis:
Patients with Centers For Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)-defined severe glaucoma often have clinically useful remaining retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), suggesting that structurally based rather than functionally based criteria would be more appropriate to use as guidelines for the utilization of optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging.

Purpose:
RNFL OCT in glaucomatous eyes with advanced structural damage can reach a floor after which there is no further detectable thinning of RNFL. Insurers are considering limiting coverage for OCT in “severe stage glaucoma” defined by CMS. However, CMS definitions of severe glaucoma are based primarily on visual field criteria. Many of these patients may have preserved RNFL in other sectors. This study aims to assess the clinical utility of RNFL measurements by OCT in eyes with CMS-defined severe glaucoma.

Patients and Methods:
Medical records of patients with CMS-defined severe glaucoma were consecutively reviewed. Data collected included average/sectoral RNFL thickness, and visual field mean deviation. Previous estimates of RNFL floor and test-retest variability for Cirrus OCT were used to establish 3 threshold values of RNFL. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, χ2 analysis, and analysis of variance.

Results:
A total of 129 eyes qualified (age: 71±12 y; mean deviation: −13.5±4.3 dB; average RNFL: 60.9±7.9 μm), A majority (66%) of eyes met severe glaucoma criteria with defects in both hemifields; 34% met only paracentral defect criteria. The proportion of eyes that had significant remaining average, superior, or inferior RNFL, estimated by thresholds 1 to 3, was 21% to 54%, 29% to 51%, and 16% to 37%, respectively. At least 1 vertical quadrant had significant remaining RNFL in 35% to 66% of eyes, depending on the threshold used.

Conclusions:
Our data demonstrate a substantial portion of eyes with CMS-defined severe glaucoma have measurable RNFL above the floor in at least 1 vertical quadrant that may be longitudinally monitored for progression. The presence of CMS-defined severe glaucoma does not exclude the potential utility of OCT to monitor progression.
Using Diagnoses to Estimate Health Care Cost Risk in Canada
Authors: Li Yin , Weir Sharada , Steffler Mitch , Shaikh Shaun , Wright James G. , Kantarevic Jasmin 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
Until recently, the options for summarizing Canadian patient complexity were limited to health risk predictive modeling tools developed outside of Canada. This study aims to validate a new model created by the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) for Canada’s health care environment.

Research Design:
This was a cohort study.

Subjects:
The rolling population eligible for coverage under Ontario’s Universal Provincial Health Insurance Program in the fiscal years (FYs) 2006/2007–2016/2017 (12–13 million annually) comprised the subjects.

Measures:
To evaluate model performance, we compared predicted cost risk at the individual level, on the basis of diagnosis history, with estimates of actual patient-level cost using “out-of-the-box” cost weights created by running the CIHI software “as is.” We next considered whether performance could be improved by recalibrating the model weights, censoring outliers, or adding prior cost.

Results:
We were able to closely match model performance reported by CIHI for their 2010–2012 development sample (concurrent R
2=48.0%; prospective R
2=8.9%) and show that performance improved over time (concurrent R
2=51.9%; prospective R
2=9.7% in 2014–2016). Recalibrating the model did not substantively affect prospective period performance, even with the addition of prior cost and censoring of cost outliers. However, censoring substantively improved concurrent period explanatory power (from R
2=53.6% to 66.7%).

Conclusions:
We validated the CIHI model for 2 periods, FYs 2010/2011–2012/2013 and FYs 2014/2015—2016/2017. Out-of-the-box model performance for Ontario was as good as that reported by CIHI for the development sample based on 3-province data (British Columbia, Alberta, and Ontario). We found that performance was robust to variations in model specification, data sources, and time.
Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound During Critical Illness in Children: Survey of Practices in Pediatric Neurocritical Care Centers*
Authors: LaRovere Kerri L. , Tasker Robert C. , Wainwright Mark , Reuter-Rice Karin , Appavu Brian , Miles Darryl , Lidsky Karen , Vittner Patrick , Gundersen Daniel , O’Brien Nicole F. 
Published: September 2019

Objectives:
The scope of transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the practice of pediatric neurocritical care is unknown. We have surveyed pediatric neurocritical care centers on their use of transcranial Doppler and analyzed clinical management practices.

Design:
Electronic-mail recruitment with survey of expert centers using web-based questionnaire.

Setting:
Survey of 43 hospitals (31 United States, 12 international) belonging to the Pediatric Neurocritical Care Research Group.

Patients:
None.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
A 67% (29/43) hospital-response rate. Of these centers, 27 reported using transcranial Doppler in the PICU; two hospitals opted out due to lack of transcranial Doppler availability/use. The most common diagnoses for using transcranial Doppler in clinical care were intracranial/subarachnoid hemorrhage (20 hospitals), arterial ischemic stroke (14 hospitals), and traumatic brain injury (10 hospitals). Clinical studies were carried out and interpreted by credentialed individuals in 93% (25/27) and 78% (21/27) of the centers, respectively. A written protocol for performance of transcranial Doppler in the PICU was available in 30% (8/27 hospitals); of these, two of eight hospitals routinely performed correlation studies to validate results. In 74% of the centers (20/27), transcranial Doppler results were used to guide clinical care: that is, when to obtain a neuroimaging study (18 hospitals); how to manipulate cerebral perfusion pressure with fluids/vasopressors (13 hospitals); and whether to perform a surgical intervention (six hospitals). Research studies were also commonly performed for a range of diagnoses.

Conclusions:
At least 27 pediatric neurocritical care centers use transcranial Doppler during clinical care. In the majority of centers, studies are performed and interpreted by credentialed personnel, and findings are used to guide clinical management. Further studies are needed to standardize these practices.
Physical Activity Induces Nucleus Accumbens Genes Expression Changes Preventing Chronic Pain Susceptibility Promoted by High-Fat Diet and Sedentary Behavior in Mice
Authors: Brandão Arthur de Freitas , Bonet Ivan José Magayewski , Pagliusi Marco , Zanetti Gabriel Gerardini , Pho Nam , Tambeli Cláudia Herrera , Parada Carlos Amilcar , Vieira André Schwambach , Sartori Cesar Renato 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHigh-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity was reported to increase pain behavior independent of obesity status in rats, whereas weight loss interventions such as voluntary physical activity (PA) for adults with overweight or obesity was reported to promote pain reduction in humans with chronic pain (CP). However, is unknown whether an HFD and sedentary (SED) behavior is underlying to CP susceptibility and whether voluntary PA can prevent it. Moreover, differential gene expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is considered to play a crucial role in CP susceptibility. The present study used an adapted model of the inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE)-induced persistent hyperalgesia (PH-ST) protocol for mice, an HFD, and a voluntary PA paradigm to test these hypotheses. In addition, we performed a transcriptome in the NAc and a gene ontology enrichment tools to investigate the differential gene expression and identify the biological processes associated with CP susceptibility tested here. Our results demonstrated that HFD and sedentary behavior promoted CP susceptibility, which in turn was prevented by voluntary PA, even when the animals were fed an HFD. Transcriptome in the NAc found 2,204 differential expression genes related CP susceptibility promoted by HFD and sedentary behavior and prevented by voluntary PA. The gene ontology enrichment revealed 41 biological processes implicated in CP susceptibility. Analyzing collectively those biological processes, our results suggested that genes related to metabolic and mitochondria stress were up-regulated in the CP susceptibility group, whereas genes related to neuroplasticity and axonogenesis were up-regulated in the CP prevented group. These findings provide pieces of evidence that an HFD and sedentary behavior promoted gene expression changes in the NAc related to neurodegeneration and those changes were also underlying to CP susceptibility. Additionally, our findings confirmed other findings supporting the crucial role of voluntary PA to prevent CP susceptibility and add novel insights of differential gene expression in the NAc related to neuroplasticity.
Mechanical characterization of compliant neural probes, their insertion regimes and a rule of thumb design
Authors: Smith Zac 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInvestigates mechanical theory of buckling compliant neural probes, how this relates to insertion forces using normalized force data and discusses potential strategies to improve the insertion ability of neural probes. This report also provides a guide for mechanically testing compliant neural probes and demonstrates a design rule of thumb that insertion forces should be 1/3 lower than the buckling force to enable reliable insertion.
Habenular and striatal activity during performance feedback are differentially linked with state-like and trait-like aspects of tobacco use disorder
Authors: Flannery Jessica S. , Riedel Michael C. , Poudel Ranjita , Laird Angela R. , Ross Thomas J. , Salmeron Betty Jo , Stein Elliot A. , Sutherland Matthew T. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTAlthough tobacco use disorder is linked with functional alterations in the striatum, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and insula, preclinical evidence also implicates the habenula as a contributor to negative reinforcement mechanisms maintaining nicotine use. The habenula is a small and understudied epithalamic nucleus involved in reward and aversive processing that is hypothesized to be hyperactive during nicotine withdrawal thereby contributing to anhedonia. In a pharmacologic fMRI study involving administration of nicotine and varenicline, two relatively efficacious cessation aids, we utilized a positive and negative performance feedback task previously shown to differentially activate the striatum and habenula. By administering these nicotinic drugs (vs. placebos) to both overnight abstinent smokers (n=24) and nonsmokers (n=20), we delineated feedback-related functional alterations both as a function of a chronic smoking history (trait: smokers vs. nonsmokers) and as a function of drug administration (state: nicotine, varenicline). We observed that smokers showed less ventral striatal responsivity to positive feedback, an alteration not mitigated by drug administration, but rather correlated with higher trait-level addiction severity among smokers and elevated self-reported negative affect across all participants. Conversely, nicotine administration reduced habenula activity following both positive and negative feedback among abstinent smokers, but not nonsmokers; greater habenula activity correlated with elevated abstinence-induced, state-level tobacco craving among smokers and elevated social anhedonia across all participants. These outcomes highlight a dissociation between neurobiological processes linked with the trait of dependence severity and with the state of acute nicotine withdrawal. Interventions simultaneously targeting both aspects may improve currently poor cessation outcomes.One-sentence teaserIn a pharmacological fMRI study, e dissociate brain alterations in the habenula linked with nicotine withdrawal and striatal alterations linked with addiction.
Selection of representative genomes for 24,706 bacterial and archaeal species clusters provide a complete genome-based taxonomy
Authors: Parks Donovan H. , Chuvochina Maria , Chaumeil Pierre-Alain , Rinke Christian , Mussig Aaron J. , Hugenholtz Philip 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe recently introduced the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB), a phylogenetically consistent, genome-based taxonomy providing rank normalized classifications for nearly 150,000 genomes from domain to genus. However, nearly 40% of the genomes used to infer the GTDB reference tree lack a species name, reflecting the large number of genomes in public repositories without complete taxonomic assignments. Here we address this limitation by proposing 24,706 species clusters which encompass all publicly available bacterial and archaeal genomes when using commonly accepted average nucleotide identity (ANI) criteria for circumscribing species. In contrast to previous ANI studies, we selected a single representative genome to serve as the nomenclatural type for circumscribing each species with type strains used where available. We complemented the 8,792 species clusters with validly or effectively published names with 15,914de novospecies clusters in order to assign placeholder names to the growing number of genomes from uncultivated species. This provides the first complete domain to species taxonomic framework which will improve communication of scientific results.