bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cosensitization of a Tetraethylene Glycol‐Substituted Unsymmetrical Zinc Phthalocyanine Sensitized Solar Cells with D131 Auxiliary Dye Exhibited Enhanced Efficiency
Authors: Kute Suraj E. , Ketkar Rohit N. , Jagushte Kaustubh U. , Sawant Harshada L. , Shah Aryan , Periyasamy Ganga , Choudhury Sharmistha Dutta , Sadhukhan Nabanita 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn asymmetric zinc phthalocyanine dye (ZnPcT3C), bearing three tetraethylene glycol donor groups and one carboxylic acid anchoring group, was synthesized as a photosensitizer dye for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The tetraethylene glycol (TEG), consisting of four ethoxy units, works as an amphiphilic long‐chain donor group that greatly helped in reducing the molecular aggregation. Carboxylic acid group, on the other hand, an acceptor, together with TEG in ZnPcT3C functions as a ‘push–pullʼ system suitable for DSSCs. Absorption spectra of ZnPcT3C in DMSO showed a strong sharp Q band in the infrared region 600–700 nm with (λmax = 682 nm) and a less intense soret band appeared in the region 300–400 nm with λmax = 340 nm. The zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPcT3C) exhibited molar extinction coefficient (ε) of 72,727 L mol−1cm−1. The emission was observed at λem = 695 nm upon excitation at 650 nm and exhibited a fluorescence decay of 2.82 ns. The ZnPcT3C dye sensitised solar cell (c = 1 mM) exhibited the power conversion efficiency (η) of 3.52% in chloroform in I−/I3 electrolyte under simulated 100% brightness. Cosensitization of ZnPcT3C with another auxiliary dye D131 in 1:1 ratio in a cocktail‐type DSSC attained the power conversion efficiency of twice as high as η = 6.27% in an identical condition. A mixture of D131 (λmax = 470 nm) dye with the ZnPcT3C phthalocyanine harvests sunlight across the visible spectra, enabling DSSCs to attain a large photocurrent and photovoltage, enhancing power conversion efficiency.
Composite Gel Polymer Electrolyte for High‐Performance Flexible Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Liu Yifan , Bildan Denise , Zhuge Xiangqun , Liu Tong , Zhong Haoyang , Luo Zhihong , Lei Hanhui , Luo Kun , Ren Yurong , Bayati Maryam , Liu Xiaoteng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEnhancing ionic conductivity and electrolyte uptake is of significance for gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) for flexible zinc‐air batteries (FZABs). Herein, a composite mesoporous silica/polyacrylamide (5 wt.% mPAM) GPE is constructed with comparable ionic conductivity to aqueous electrolytes, where the ionic conductivity is up to 337 mS cm−1, and the weight loss after exposing in air 72 h is less than 18%, owing to the excellent electrolyte uptake and continuous ion migration network provided by the mesoporous silica fillers. When used as a quasi‐solid‐electrolyte, the rechargeable FZAB exhibited high electrochemical performance and structural stability, where the peak power density is up to 162.8 mW cm−2, and the initial charge–discharge potential gap is as low as 0.62 V, resulting in a long lifespan exceeding 110 h, showcasing the combination of high durability, cost‐effectiveness and easy production for practical applications.
A Photoelectric Synergistic Flexible Solid Slippery Surface for All‐Day Anti‐Icing/Frosting
Authors: Chai Ziyuan , Teng Ziyi , Guo Pu , He Yueran , Zhao Di , Zuo Xiaobiao , Liu Kesong , Jiang Lei , Heng Liping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe accumulation of ice on surface has caused great harm to lots of fields such as transportation or aerospace. Nowadays, various equipment or tools used in low‐temperature environments, which face the risk of interface icing, usually have irregular shapes. Traditional rigid anti‐icing materials are difficult to meet practical application requirements. Thus, it is crucial to develop flexible anti‐icing materials that can be applied to various shape surfaces (curved surfaces, flat surfaces). In this paper, a photoelectric synergistic flexible solid slippery surface (FSSS) is prepared by using flexible basalt fiberglass cloth, flexible copper foil, flexible polyurethane/carbon nanotubes mixture, and flexible solid lubricant (the mixture of coconut wax and coconut oil). Even under harsh conditions of the temperature as low as −80 °C, the FSSS exhibits excellent all‐day anti/de‐icing performance whether on flat or curved surface. Moreover, the FSSS shows long‐term stability both on flat and curved surface: situated in air for 60 days, submerged in water for 60 days, kept in acid environment (pH 1) and base environment (pH 13) for 30 days. Besides, the FSSS can also achieve self‐healing function under −80 °C. This flexible surface provides a novel approach for de‐icing/frosting of multi‐shaped objects in the future.
Component‐section transverse‐pressure effect on internal damage and failure mode of post‐installed rebar
Authors: Yang Ailin , Zhao Ning‐yu , Song Yi , Song Shuyi , Liu Hao , Yi Bo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA post‐installed rebar (PIR) is commonly used to establish structural connections between new components and existing structures, such as structural member extensions or concrete layer overlays in the construction/strengthening/retrofitting of buildings or bridges. In joint connections, the anchored PIR system always bears a non‐negligible compression in the component section, which is derived from the loads and self‐weight and has a confinement effect on the anchorage zone. However, excessive pressure can result in the fracture of the adhesive component, thereby leading to brittle failure in the PIR system. Owing to the important role of the adhesive component in the PIR system, this study is focused on the internal damage to the PIR system, and the effect of transverse pressure on the failure modes is investigated. This study comprises an experimental investigation of the failures of a PIR system under transverse pressure and a description of the internal damages based on the test results. Finally, an elastic analysis was established to explain the internal cracking and investigate the stress distribution in the PIR system. The tests on 34 pull‐out specimens showed two typical failures for the PIR system under transverse pressure (adhesive–rebar [A–R] interface failure and adhesive fracture failure). The A–R interface failure resulted from the shearing failure in the adhesive component, while the adhesive fracture failure resulted from the propagation of longitudinal and transverse cracks. The elastic analysis indicated that cracking in the concrete and adhesive component was dominated by circumferential stress, and the rebar rib direction and adhesive component thickness had a significant influence on the stress distribution. Based on this, some suggestions for anchorage design were made.
Association mapping and genomic prediction for processing and end‐use quality traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Gill Harsimardeep S. , Conley Emily , Brault Charlotte , Dykes Linda , Wiersma Jochum C. , Frels Katherine , Anderson James A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEnd‐use and processing traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are crucial for varietal development but are often evaluated only in the advanced stages of the breeding program due to the amount of grain needed and the labor‐intensive phenotyping assays. Advances in genomic resources have provided new tools to address the selection for these complex traits earlier in the breeding process. We used association mapping to identify key variants underlying various end‐use quality traits and evaluate the usefulness of genomic prediction for these traits in hard red spring wheat from the Northern United States. A panel of 383 advanced breeding lines and cultivars representing the diversity of the University of Minnesota wheat breeding program was genotyped using the Illumina 90K single nucleotide polymorphism array and evaluated in multilocation trials using standard assessments of end‐use quality. Sixty‐three associations for grain or flour characteristics, mixograph, farinograph, and baking traits were identified. The majority of these associations were mapped in the vicinity of glutenin/gliadin or other known loci. In addition, a putative novel multi‐trait association was identified on chromosome 6AL, and candidate gene analysis revealed eight genes of interest. Further, genomic prediction had a high predictive ability (PA) for mixograph and farinograph traits, with PA up to 0.62 and 0.50 in cross‐validation and forward prediction, respectively. The deployment of 46 markers from GWAS to predict dough‐rheology traits yielded low to moderate PA for various traits. The results of this study suggest that genomic prediction for end‐use traits in early generations can be effective for mixograph and farinograph assays but not baking assays.
Seasonal Influence on the Impact of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) on Testicular Haemodynamics and Hormonal Responses in Canines: A Comparative Study
Authors: Nadali Behnam , Abdous Arman , Karami Nima , Jokar Mohammad , Amarloie Ourang Ataie , Farhoodi Mehran 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHuman chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is widely used to treat reproductive dysfunction by enhancing testicular blood flow and stimulating hormonal activity. This study investigates the seasonal variations in the response to hCG treatment in male dogs, focusing on its effects on testicular blood flow and plasma concentrations of testosterone and oestrogen. Conducted across different seasons (spring, summer, fall and winter), the study utilised colour Doppler ultrasonography to measure testicular haemodynamics and analysed hormonal levels at multiple time points post‐hCG injection. The findings revealed that the response to hCG is modulated by seasonal factors, with significant variations in both blood flow and hormone levels. A significant negative relationship was indicated between testicular blood flow and testosterone levels, particularly during spring and summer. These results suggest that seasonality should be considered when administering hCG for reproductive treatments in canines.
The effect of interhospital transfer on pediatric burn injury mortality in a resource‐limited setting
Authors: Shah Sonam J. , Gondwe Jotamu , An Selena , Hester Tori E. , Charles Anthony 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe World Health Organization's burn mortality estimate is 180,000 annually. Ninety‐five percent of all mortality caused by fire‐related burns worldwide occurs in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Prior studies have shown that transfer status (direct transfer from an injury scene to a trauma center vs. indirect transfer from another health facility) affects patient outcomes. We evaluated the effect of interhospital transfer on burn mortality.MethodsWe analyzed a burn database of pediatric patients admitted to the Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) burn unit in Lilongwe, Malawi. We performed a bivariate analysis based on their transfer status and mortality and a logistic regression analysis to determine the effect of transfer status on mortality after burn injury.ResultsA total of 2301 patients were analyzed, with 1095 (47.6%) being in the transfer cohort from referring hospitals. The median age was 3 years (IQR 1–4). The transfer cohort had more patients presenting to the hospital more than 48 h after injury. Upon multivariate logistic regression, controlling for pertinent variables, including time to presentation, burn‐injured patients in the transfer cohort had increased odds of mortality (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.22–4.19, and p = 0.01) compared to patients who were not transferred. The predictive probabilities of burn mortality by TBSA showed significant differences in mortality based on transfer status at TBSA between 20% and 80%.ConclusionEnsuring district hospitals and other primary health care centers in resource‐limited settings are sufficiently equipped to provide initial burn resuscitation and care may decrease mortality rates associated with transferred patients.
Assessing predictions from optimal egg theory for an ectotherm relative to habitat duration
Authors: Davenport Jon M. , Feltmann Andrew , Fishback LeeAnn , Hossack Blake R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOptimal egg size theory predicts females must balance investment per offspring to maximize fitness based on environmental quality. In wetlands, environmental quality can be duration of water and predator presence. Ectotherms using habitats that dry or contain predators are likely under selection to optimize offspring production. We measured reproductive output of wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) in 30 wetlands in Subarctic Canada, where rapid climate changes are accelerating wetland drying. We predicted wetlands with short hydroperiods would have larger ova, smaller clutch sizes, and larger ovum‐to‐clutch‐sizes than wetlands with long hydroperiods or with fish predators. We found partial support for predictions with larger ova in habitats with short hydroperiods and no fish but no evidence of larger clutch sizes in wetlands with fish. Our study implicates changes to wetland hydroperiod as a source of plasticity affecting one aspect of reproductive effort (ovum size) in an ectotherm but not another (clutch size).
Progressive Waves in Lossless and Lossy Fluids
Authors: Blackstock David T. , Hamilton Mark F. , Pierce Allan D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes nonlinear progressive waves, and primarily plane waves. Following presentation of exact implicit solutions for ideal fluids, approximate explicit solutions are obtained for harmonic generation in lossless and lossy fluids. The Rankine-Hugoniot relations are derived for shocks of arbitrary strength, followed by their quadratic approximation for weak shocks. The history and solutions of the Burgers equation are presented, including the rise time and thickness of weak shocks. Progressive plane-wave solutions based on weak-shock theory are transformed to describe cylindrical and spherical waves and waves in horns. Expressions for the intensity and absorption of finite-amplitude waves are obtained.
Cosmological Chameleons, string theory and the swampland
Authors: Casas Gonzalo F. , Montero Miguel , Ruiz Ignacio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study a scenario with a transient phase of cosmological acceleration that could potentially be realized in asymptotic corners of String Theory moduli space. A very steep scalar potential is temporarily stabilized by the effect of a nonzero density of heavy states, leading to acceleration, in what amounts to a cosmological version of the Chameleon mechanism. The density of heavy states is diluted by cosmological expansion, weakening their effect. After roughly one e-fold their effect can no longer stabilize the potential, and the accelerating phase ends. We also study a scenario where there is no potential and the transient acceleration is achieved by the counterbalancing effects of light and heavy towers of states. We obtain analytic expressions for the upper bounds on the transient dS lifetime, which when combined with Swampland principles imply that it is not possible to obtain more than O(1) e-folds without transplanckian field excursions. We also discuss the general EFT constraints on these models and explore a number of first attempts at concrete embeddings of the scenario in String Theory. These all turn out to face significant challenges.
Wiener-Hopf solution of the free energy TBA problem and instanton sectors in the O(3) sigma model
Authors: Bajnok Zoltán , Balog János , Vona István 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Perturbation theory in asymptotically free quantum field theories is asymptotic. The factorially growing perturbative coefficients carry information about non-perturbative corrections, which can be related to renormalons and instantons. Using the Wiener-Hopf technique we determine the full analytic solution for the free energy density in the two dimensional O(N) sigma models. For N > 3 there are no instantons, and we found that the perturbative series carries all the information about the non-perturbative corrections. However, in the O(3) case, we identify several non-perturbative sectors that are not related to the asymptotics of the perturbative series. The number of sectors depends on the observables: for the ground-state energy density we identify three sectors, which we attribute to instantons. For the free energy density in the running perturbative coupling we found infinitely many sectors.
Nirenberg problem on high dimensional spheres: blow up with residual mass phenomenon
Authors: Ahmedou Mohameden , Ben Ayed Mohamed , El Mehdi Khalil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we extend the analysis of the subcritical approximation of the Nirenberg problem on spheres recently conducted in Malchiodi and Mayer(J Differ Equ 268(5):2089–2124, 2020; Int Math Res Not 18:14123–14203, 2021). Specifically, we delve into the scenario where the sequence of blowing up solutions exhibits a non-zero weak limit, which necessarily constitutes a solution of the Nirenberg problem itself. Our focus lies in providing a comprehensive description of such blowing up solutions, including precise determinations of blow-up points and blow-up rates. Additionally, we compute the topological contribution of these solutions to the difference in topology between the level sets of the associated Euler-Lagrange functional. Such an analysis is intricate due to the potential degeneracy of the solutions involved. We also provide a partial converse, wherein we construct blowing up solutions when the weak limit is non-degenerate.
Maschinelle Autotransfusion in der Geburtshilfe – Hintergrund und praktische Umsetzung
Authors: Kotlyar Mischa J. , Neef Vanessa , Rumpf Florian , Meybohm Patrick , Zacharowski Kai , Kranke Peter 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Inzidenz der postpartalen Hämorrhagie (PPH), als eine der führenden Ursachen für die maternale Mortalität, hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten in westlichen Ländern zugenommen. Angesichts der zunehmenden Knappheit und Risiken von Erythrozytenkonzentrattransfusionen bedarf es der Weiterentwicklung fremdblutsparender Maßnahmen in der Geburtshilfe.Die maschinelle Autotransfusion (MAT), als integraler Bestandteil des Patient Blood Management (PBM), ermöglicht eine Sammlung, Aufbereitung und Retransfusion des patienteneigenen Wundblutes. Trotz zunehmender Evidenz der letzten Jahre, die die Vorteile der MAT aufzeigt, wird das Verfahren bislang bei lediglich 0,07 % aller Geburten mit peripartalen Hämorrhagien an deutschen Krankenhäusern eingesetzt. Es ist anzunehmen, dass der fehlende Einsatz der MAT einerseits auf Sorgen vor patientenbezogenen Risiken wie iatrogene Fruchtwasserembolie und der maternalen Alloimmunisierung während des Einsatzes beruht. Andererseits könnten aber auch die fehlende Anwendung und somit unzureichende Erfahrung im Umgang mit der MAT eine Hürde in deren Nutzung darstellen.Der nachfolgende Artikel vermittelt einen Überblick über die aktuelle Evidenz zum Einsatz und zur Sicherheit der MAT in der Geburtshilfe. Um eine praxisnahe Umsetzung zu erleichtern, wurden grundsätzliche Überlegungen und organisatorische Vorkehrungen anhand von Erfahrungswerten von den Universitätskliniken Würzburg und Frankfurt übersichtlich aufbereitet und in Form von Grafiken und Checklisten für die perioperative MAT-Anwendung bei Sectio caesarea bereitgestellt.
On neural networks for generating better local optima in topology optimization
Authors: Herrmann Leon , Sigmund Ole , Li Viola Muning , Vogl Christian , Kollmannsberger Stefan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNeural networks have recently been employed as material discretizations within adjoint optimization frameworks for inverse problems and topology optimization. While advantageous regularization effects and better optima have been found for some inverse problems, the benefit for topology optimization has been limited—where the focus of investigations has been the compliance problem. We demonstrate how neural network material discretizations can, under certain conditions, find better local optima in more challenging optimization problems, where we here specifically consider acoustic topology optimization. The chances of identifying a better optimum can significantly be improved by running multiple partial optimizations with different neural network initializations. Furthermore, we show that the neural network material discretization’s advantage comes from the interplay with the Adam optimizer and emphasize its current limitations when competing with constrained and higher-order optimization techniques. At the moment, this discretization has only been shown to be beneficial for unconstrained first-order optimization.
Kin networks and quality of government: a regional analysis
Authors: Ezcurra Roberto 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between kin-based institutions and quality of government in the regions of Spain, France, and Italy. The results show that the rate of cousin marriage during the twentieth century is a strong predictor of the modern-day quality of government in the regions of these three countries. Regions characterized by a higher prevalence of cousin marriage tend to have on average worse governance outcomes. This finding holds after accounting for country fixed effects and different variables that may be correlated with both consanguinity and regional quality of government, including an extensive array of geographical, historical, and contemporary factors. The observed association between cousin marriage and quality of government persists when I utilize an instrumental variable approach that exploits regional variation in the degree of historical exposure to the marriage laws of the medieval Catholic Church to address potential endogeneity concerns. Furthermore, the paper also provides evidence consistent with the idea that the effect of cousin marriage on the quality of government operates through its impact on a series of cultural traits such as impersonal trust, fairness, and conformity-obedience.
The importance of incorporation of real-world evidence into the guidelines on the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia
Authors: Bitter Istvan , Katona Lajos , Falkai Peter , Czobor Pal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe quantity and quality of real-world data and real-world evidence in schizophrenia research are at a high level. However, these results are not included in the grading systems used to develop treatment guidelines for schizophrenia. A meta-analysis and a network meta-analysis have independently provided evidence that the results of randomized clinical trials in schizophrenia adequately translate to real-world settings. The authors propose the incorporation of a synthesis of evidence derived from analyses of randomized controlled trials and real-world data as a novel and highest level of evidence in grading instruments used to develop treatment guidelines for schizophrenia.