bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethiopian mothers' experiences with micronutrient powders: Perspectives from continuing and noncontinuing users
Authors: Pelto Gretel H. , Tumilowicz Alison , Schnefke Courtney H. , Gebreyesus Seifu Hagos , Hrabar Mélanie , Gonzalez Wendy , Wodajo Hana Yemane , Neufeld Lynnette M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs part of a formative evaluation of a micronutrient powder (MNP) trial in Ethiopia that was organized according to a programme impact pathway model, we conducted in‐depth focused ethnographic interviews with caregivers of children between 6 and 23 months who had accepted to try “Desta,” a locally branded MNP. After stratification into two subgroups by child age, respondents were randomly selected from lists of caregivers who had received MNP from government health workers between 1 and 3 months prior to the interview date. Thirty women who were either currently giving Desta to their child (“continuing users,”n = 14) or had stopped feeding Desta (“noncontinuing users,”n = 16) were purposefully recruited from both urban and rural areas in the two different regions where the trial was conducted. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and translated, and coded for both emerging and prespecified themes. On the basis of identifiable components in the caregiver adherence process, this paper focuses exclusively on factors that facilitated and inhibited “appropriate use” and “continued use.” For “appropriate use,” defined as the caregiver preparing and child consuming MNP as directed, we identified four common themes in caregiver narratives. With respect to “continued use,” the caregiver providing and child consuming the minimum number of MNP sachets over a recommended time period, our interviews spontaneously elicited five themes. We also examined caregivers' perceptions related to problems in obtaining refills. Attention to caregivers' perspectives reflected in their narratives offers opportunities to improve MNP utilization in Ethiopia, with potential application in other social and cultural settings.
Mixed methods evaluation explains bypassing of vouchers in micronutrient powder trial in Mozambique
Authors: Tumilowicz Alison , Vossenaar Marieke , Kjaer Kirstine , Vettersand Julia , Possolo Edna , Pelto Gretel H. , Jefferds Maria Elena , Norte Augusto , dos Santos Dias Katia , Osman Nadia , Gonzalez Wendy , Poonawala Alia , Neufeld Lynnette M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMicronutrient powders (MNP) are recommended by the World Health Organization as an effective intervention to address anaemia in children. A formative process evaluation was conducted to assess the viability of a model using free vouchers in two districts of Mozambique to deliver MNP and motivate adherence to recommendations regarding its use. The evaluation consisted of (a) an examination of programme outcomes using a cross‐sectional survey among caregivers of children 6–23 months (n = 1,028) and (b) an ethnographic study to investigate delivery experiences and MNP use from caregiver perspectives (n = 59), programme managers (n = 17), and programme implementers (n = 168). Using a mixed methods approach allowed exploration of unexpected programme outcomes and triangulation of findings. The survey revealed that receiving a voucher was the main implementation bottleneck. Although few caregivers received vouchers (11.5%, CI [9.7, 13.6]), one‐fourth received MNP by bypassing the voucher system (26.3%, CI [23.6, 29.0]). Caregivers' narratives indicated that caregivers were motivated to redeem vouchers but encountered obstacles, including not knowing where or how to redeem them or finding MNP were not available at the shop. Observing these challenges, many programme implementers redeemed vouchers and distributed MNP to caregivers. Virtually, all caregivers who received MNP reported ever feeding it to their child. This study's findings are consistent with other studies across a range of contexts suggesting that although programmes are generally effective in motivating initial use, more attention is required to improve access to MNP and support continued use.
Designing an ethnographic interview for evaluation of micronutrient powder trial: Challenges and opportunities for implementation science
Authors: Schnefke Courtney H. , Tumilowicz Alison , Pelto Gretel H. , Gebreyesus Seifu Hagos , Gonzalez Wendy , Hrabar Mélanie , Mahmood Shanzeh , Pedro Catia , Picolo Melanie , Possolo Edna , Scarlatescu Oana A. , Tarlton Dessie , Vettersand Julia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe evidence base for micronutrient powder (MNP) interventions predominantly consists of quantitative studies focused on measuring coverage, utilization, and/or biological outcomes. We need other types of studies to broaden the scope of our knowledge about determinants of MNP programme effectiveness. Addressing this knowledge gap, this paper focuses on the process of designing an ethnographic research protocol to obtain caregivers' perspectives on the factors that influenced their use of intervention delivery services and their adherence to MNP recommendations. The research was undertaken within the context of formative evaluations conducted in Mozambique and Ethiopia. Ethnography provides a means for acquiring and interpreting this knowledge and is an approach particularly well suited for formative evaluation to understand the response of a population to new interventions and programme delivery processes. We describe decisions made and challenges encountered in developing the protocol, and their implications for advancing methodology in implementation research science. In addition to a core team of three investigators, we added an “advisory group” of 10 experts to advise us as we developed the protocol. The advisory group reviewed multiple drafts of the interview protocol and participated in mock interviews. In the protocol development process, we faced the issues and made decisions about concerned gaps in content, cultural adaptations and comprehension, and interview guide structure and format. Differences between the core team and the advisory group in methodological approaches to the structure and content of questions call attention to the importance of establishing greater communication among implementation scientists working in nutrition interventions.
Rice microtubule‐associated protein IQ67‐DOMAIN14 regulates grain shape by modulating microtubule cytoskeleton dynamics
Authors: Yang BaoJun , Wendrich Jos R. , De Rybel Bert , Weijers Dolf , Xue Hong‐Wei 
Published: October 2019

SummaryCortical microtubule (MT) arrays play a critical role in plant cell shape determination by defining the direction of cell expansion. As plants continuously adapt to ever‐changing environmental conditions, multiple environmental and developmental inputs need to be translated into changes of the MT cytoskeleton. Here, we identify and functionally characterize an auxin‐inducible and MT‐localized protein OsIQ67‐DOMAIN14 (OsIQD14), which is highly expressed in rice seed hull cells. We show that while deficiency of OsIQD14 results in short and wide seeds and increases overall yield, overexpression leads to narrow and long seeds, caused by changed MT alignment. We further show that OsIQD14‐mediated MT reordering is regulated by specifically affecting MT dynamics, and ectopic expression of OsIQD14 in Arabidopsis could change the cell shape both in pavement cells and in hypocotyl cells. Additionally, OsIQD14 activity is tightly controlled by calmodulin proteins, providing an alternative way to modify the OsIQD14 activity. Our results indicate that OsIQD14 acts as a key factor in regulating MT rearrangements in rice hull cells and hence the grain shape, and allows effective local cell shape manipulation to improve the rice yield trait.
Justice for the People? How Justice Sensitivity Can Foster and Impair Support for Populist Radical‐Right Parties and Politicians in the United States and in Germany
Authors: Rothmund Tobias , Bromme Laurits , Azevedo Flávio 
Published: October 2019

Many people argue that support for populist radical‐right political agents is motivated by people feeling “left behind” in globalized Western democracies. Empirical research supports this notion by showing that people who feel personally or collectively deprived are more likely to hold populist beliefs and anti‐immigration attitudes. Our aim was to further investigate the psychological link between individuals' justice concerns and their preferences for populist radical‐right political agents. We focused on stable individual differences in self‐oriented and other‐oriented justice concerns and argue that these should have opposing correlations with preferences for populist radical‐right parties. We tested our hypotheses in two national samples, one from the United States (N = 1500) and one from Germany (N = 848). Sensitivity to injustice towards oneself enhanced the likelihood of preferring Trump (United States) and Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) (Germany) via increased anti‐immigration attitudes and increased populist attitudes. Sensitivity to injustice towards others reduced the likelihood of preferring Trump and AfD via decreased anti‐immigration attitudes. We discuss our findings in regard to how stable individual differences in the evaluation of fairness can motivate intra‐ and interpersonal political conflicts in modern western societies and how politics and mass media can fuel these conflicts.
Exogenous 5‐aminolevulinic acid improves strawberry tolerance to osmotic stress and its possible mechanisms
Authors: Cai Changyu , He Shasha , An Yuyan , Wang Liangju 
Published: October 2019

Cultivated strawberry, one of the major fruit crops worldwide, is an evergreen plant with shallow root system, and thus sensitive to environmental changes, including drought stress. To investigate the effect of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a new environment‐friendly plant growth regulator, on strawberry drought tolerance and its possible mechanisms, we treated strawberry (Fragaria × annanasa Duch. cv. ‘Benihoppe’) with 15% polyethylene glycol 6000 to simulate osmotic stress with or without 10 mg l−1 ALA. We found that ALA significantly alleviated PEG‐inhibited plant growth and improved water absorption and xylem sap flux, indicating ALA mitigates the adverse effect of osmotic stress on strawberry plants. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence analysis showed that ALA mitigated PEG‐induced decreases of Pn, Gs, Tr, Pn/Ci, photosystem I and II reaction center activities, electron transport activity, and photosynthetic performance indexes. Equally important, ALA promoted PEG‐increased antioxidant enzyme activities and repressed PEG‐increased malondialdehyde and superoxide anion in both leaves and roots. Specially, ALA repressed H2O2 increase in leaves, but stimulated it in roots. Furthermore, ALA repressed abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling gene expressions in leaves, but promoted those in roots. In addition, ALA blocked PEG‐downregulated expressions of plasmalemma and tonoplast aquaporin genes PIP and TIP in both leaves and roots. Taken together, ALA effectively enhances strawberry drought tolerance and the mechanism is related to the improvement of water absorption and conductivity. The tissue‐specific responses of ABA biosynthesis, ABA signaling, and H2O2 accumulation to ALA in leaves and roots play key roles in ALA‐improved strawberry tolerance to osmotic stress.
How social networks affect policy implementation: An analysis of street‐level bureaucrats' performance regarding a health policy
Authors: Lotta Gabriela Spanghero , Marques Eduardo Cesar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPolicy implementation is an interactive process between citizens and street‐level bureaucrats. Although the literature has already addressed different factors that influence discretion, there is still a gap in understanding if and how bureaucrats' relational profiles affect policy implementation. This article analyses bureaucrats' interactions and the relational environments in which they exercise their discretion. The hypothesis is that bureaucrats' different relational profiles specify policy implementation at the street level. We study bureaucrats in a Brazilian health care programme involving community workers that requires regular visits to beneficiary families' homes. The research departs from ethnography and network analyses with workers from three very different contexts. We analyse bureaucrats' practices, the discursive styles mobilized in their interactions, and their personal networks. The results show that organizational factors are central to explain variations in practices, and their relational profiles highly influence the discursive styles used by bureaucrats in their interactions with citizens. The article concludes that relational elements can affect the exercise of discretion and influence interactions at the street level and should be incorporated more systematically in the implementation literature.
TRPV4 and purinergic receptor signalling pathways are separately linked in airway epithelia to CFTR and TMEM16A chloride channels
Authors: Genovese Michele , Borrelli Anna , Venturini Arianna , Guidone Daniela , Caci Emanuela , Viscido Gaetano , Gambardella Gennaro , di Bernardo Diego , Scudieri Paolo , Galietta Luis J.V. 
Published: October 2019

Key points
Eact is a putative pharmacological activator of TMEM16A.
Eact is strongly effective in recombinant Fischer rat thyroid (FRT) cells but not in airway epithelial cells with endogenous TMEM16A expression.
Transcriptomic analysis, gene silencing and functional studies in FRT cells reveal that Eact is actually an activator of the Ca2+‐permeable TRPV4 channel.
In airway epithelial cells TRPV4 and TMEM16A are expressed in separate cell types.
Intracellular Ca2+ elevation by TRPV4 stimulation leads to CFTR channel activation.
AbstractTMEM16A is a Ca2+‐activated Cl− channel expressed in airway epithelial cells, particularly under conditions of mucus hypersecretion. To investigate the role of TMEM16A, we used Eact, a putative TMEM16A pharmacological activator. However, in contrast to purinergic stimulation, we found little effect of Eact on bronchial epithelial cells under conditions of high TMEM16A expression. We hypothesized that Eact is an indirect activator of TMEM16A. By a combination of approaches, including short‐circuit current recordings, bulk and single cell RNA sequencing, intracellular Ca2+ imaging and RNA interference, we found that Eact is actually an activator of the Ca2+‐permeable TRPV4 channel and that the modest effect of this compound in bronchial epithelial cells is due to a separate expression of TMEM16A and TRPV4 in different cell types. Importantly, we found that TRPV4 stimulation induced activation of the CFTR Cl− channel. Our study reveals the existence of separate Ca2+ signalling pathways linked to different Cl− secretory processes.
Surge and Stall Detection Using Acoustic Analysis for Gas Turbine Hybrid Cycles
Authors: Cabrera Cruz Keishaly , Pezzini Paolo , Shadle Lawrence , Bryden Kenneth M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Compressor dynamics were studied in a gas turbine—fuel cell hybrid power system having a larger compressor volume than traditionally found in gas turbine systems. This larger compressor volume adversely affects the surge margin of the gas turbine. Industrial acoustic sensors were placed near the compressor to identify when the equipment was getting close to the surge line. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) mathematical analysis was used to obtain spectra representing the probability density across the frequency range (0–5000 Hz). Comparison between FFT spectra for nominal and transient operations revealed that higher amplitude spikes were observed during incipient stall at three different frequencies, 900, 1020, and 1800 Hz. These frequencies were compared to the natural frequencies of the equipment and the frequency for the rotating turbomachinery to identify more general nature of the acoustic signal typical of the onset of compressor surge. The primary goal of this acoustic analysis was to establish an online methodology to monitor compressor stability that can be anticipated and avoided.
Barriers to and Facilitators of the Implementation of Environmental Recommendations to Encourage Physical Activity in Center-Based Childcare Services: A Systematic Review
Authors: Razak Lubna Abdul , Clinton-McHarg Tara , Jones Jannah , Yoong Sze Lin , Grady Alice , Finch Meghan , Seward Kirsty , d’Espaignet Edouard Tursan , Ronto Rimante , Elton Ben , Wolfenden Luke 
Published: October 2019

Background: Identifying factors influencing the implementation of evidence-based environmental recommendations to promote physical activity in childcare services is required to develop effective implementation strategies. This systematic review aimed to: (1) identify barriers and facilitators reported by center-based childcare services impacting the implementation of environmental recommendations to increase physical activity among children, (2) synthesize these factors according to the 14 domains of the “Theoretical Domains Framework,” and (3) report any associations between service or provider characteristics and the reported implementation of such recommendations. Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in 6 scientific databases (eg, MEDLINE) and Google Scholar to identify studies reporting data from childcare staff or other stakeholders responsible for childcare operations. Included studies were based on childcare settings and published in English. From 2164 identified citations, 19 articles met the inclusion criteria (11 qualitative, 4 quantitative, and 4 mixed methods). Results: Across all articles, the majority of factors impacting implementation fell into the “environmental context and resources” domain (eg, time, equipment, and space; n = 19) and the “social influences” domain (eg, support from parents, colleagues, supervisors; n = 11). Conclusion: The current review provides guidance to improve the implementation of environmental recommendations in childcare services by addressing environmental, resource, and social barriers.
Isolated cortical computations during delta waves support memory consolidation
Authors: Todorova Ralitsa , Zugaro Michaël 
Published: October 2019

Special moments at cortical quiet states
Delta waves are moments of widespread cortical silence that alternate with active states during slow-wave sleep. However, upon closer examination, single neuronal action potentials can be detected during delta waves. Todorova and Zugaro sought to determine whether this neuronal noise could instead be an important signal (see the Perspective by Ikegaya and Matsumoto). They found that persisting action potential firing during delta waves is an overlooked but widespread phenomenon, which could potentially involve all neurons and all delta waves. A critical role of the delta wave may be to insulate specific cortical computations taking place in response to hippocampal replay and involved in memory consolidation.

Science
, this issue p.
377
; see also p.
306
Weight change across adulthood in relation to all cause and cause specific mortality: prospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Chen , Ye Yi , Zhang Yanbo , Pan Xiong-Fei , Pan An 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the association between weight changes across adulthood and mortality.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Setting
US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988-94 and 1999-2014.

Participants
36 051 people aged 40 years or over with measured body weight and height at baseline and recalled weight at young adulthood (25 years old) and middle adulthood (10 years before baseline).

Main outcome measures
All cause and cause specific mortality from baseline until 31 December 2015.

Results
During a mean follow-up of 12.3 years, 10 500 deaths occurred. Compared with participants who remained at normal weight, those moving from the non-obese to obese category between young and middle adulthood had a 22% (hazard ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.33) and 49% (1.49, 1.21 to 1.83) higher risk of all cause mortality and heart disease mortality, respectively. Changing from obese to non-obese body mass index over this period was not significantly associated with mortality risk. An obese to non-obese weight change pattern from middle to late adulthood was associated with increased risk of all cause mortality (1.30, 1.16 to 1.45) and heart disease mortality (1.48, 1.14 to 1.92), whereas moving from the non-obese to obese category over this period was not significantly associated with mortality risk. Maintaining obesity across adulthood was consistently associated with increased risk of all cause mortality; the hazard ratio was 1.72 (1.52 to 1.95) from young to middle adulthood, 1.61 (1.41 to 1.84) from young to late adulthood, and 1.20 (1.09 to 1.32) from middle to late adulthood. Maximum overweight had a very modest or null association with mortality across adulthood. No significant associations were found between various weight change patterns and cancer mortality.

Conclusions
Stable obesity across adulthood, weight gain from young to middle adulthood, and weight loss from middle to late adulthood were associated with increased risks of mortality. The findings imply that maintaining normal weight across adulthood, especially preventing weight gain in early adulthood, is important for preventing premature deaths in later life.