bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of defects on the thermomagnetic instabilities of superconducting radio-frequency cavities with a multilayer structure
Authors: He An , Chen Yang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Vortex motion can lead to significant energy dissipation, resulting in hot spots and thermomagnetic instabilities that are detrimental to the application of superconductors. This paper presents a theoretical examination of thermomagnetic instabilities triggered by vortex motion within a Nb3Sn-I-Nb cavity featuring a multilayer structure. The investigation is conducted using Ginzburg–Landau theory in conjunction with the heat diffusion equation. The numerical simulations align well with experimental data from Nb3Sn superconducting cavities. Given that the performance of superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities is highly sensitive to various defects, this study also considers the interaction between vortices and these defects. It reveals the impact of edge cracks on temperature rise and the quality factor. The findings indicate that edge cracks significantly reduce the threshold field for thermomagnetic instability in SRF cavities. The performance of SRF cavities is influenced not only by the RF field amplitude and frequency but also by the length and number of edge cracks. These results offer valuable insights for evaluating the performance of SRF cavities subjected to RF fields.
Manufacturing the current flow diverter architecture in REBCO tapes using silver inkjet printing
Authors: Ben Saâd Haïfa , Lacroix Christian , Zhuldybina Mariia , Sirois Frédéric 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A low normal zone propagation velocity (NZPV) combined with critical current inhomogeneities favor the nucleation of destructive hot spots in rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) tapes. Increasing the NZPV using the current flow diverter (CFD) concept is a promising solution to mitigate the risk of developing hot spots. The fabrication method of CFD REBCO tapes implies several steps consisting in masking, silver etching, mask removal, and silver deposition, which takes time and remains a barrier to the implementation of a low-cost industrial production of long-length CFD REBCO tapes. This work presents a cost-effective and maskless CFD fabrication approach that relies on inkjet printing (IJP) of silver patterns directly on top of the REBCO layer to create a non-uniform interfacial resistance between the silver and the REBCO surface, along the width of the tape. The parameters of IJP and oxygen annealing were optimized to obtain highly conductive silver patterns deposited on the surface of the REBCO layer. CFD REBCO tapes were successfully fabricated using commercial REBCO tapes and the proposed method without degrading the superconducting properties. Experimental measurements revealed an increase of the NZPV by a factor of 6–7 compared to commercial REBCO tapes.
Studies of electron-ion resonant recombination of li-like Si11+ions
Authors: Rui Jinglin , Xie Luyou , He Wenliang , Ma Yulong , Schuch Reinhold , Dong Chenzhong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Theoretical investigations of L-shell △n = 0, 1, and 2 (2s → 2p, 3

l
′
,

and 4

l
′

) dielectronic recombination (DR), as well as K-shell △n = 1, 2, and 3 (1s → 2

l
′
,

3

l
′
,

and 4

l
′

) DR of Li-like Si
11+ ions are performed, using the relativistic distorted-wave approach. Detailed resonance energies, resonance strengths, and recombination rate coefficients are calculated including complex configuration mixing, Breit interaction, and QED corrections. Good agreement is achieved between the theoretical rate coefficients and the experimental results. The plasma rate coefficients are also calculated for electron temperatures ranging from 10−1 to 106 eV, and an analytical formula is presented to fit the total plasma rate coefficients for convenient modeling of astrophysical and fusion plasmas.
Comprehensive device simulation of perovskite solar cell with CuFeO2 as hole transport layer
Authors: Deng Quanrong , Chen Yaolan , Huang Zhenyao , Tao Hong , Wang Geming , Di Tingmin , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Solid-state organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells have attracted increasing interest due to their potential as high-efficiency, low-cost photovoltaic devices. In this study, we comprehensively simulate CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite-based solar cells with CuFeO2 as the hole transport material (HTM) layer, and compare them to cells using Spiro-OMETAD and Cu2O as HTM layers, utilizing SCAPS-1D software. The effects of absorber thickness, back contact work function, CuFeO2 thickness, acceptor concentration, and defect density at the CH3NH3PbI3/CuFeO2 interface are analyzed. The results indicate that delafossite CuFeO2 is a promising HTM that could significantly enhance the performance of perovskite-based solar cells. TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/CuFeO2 solar cells demonstrate comparable photovoltaic performance to those using traditional Spiro-OMETAD when the back contact electrode work function exceeds 4.9 eV, and superior performance compared to those with Cu2O and Spiro-OMETAD at work functions below 4.8 eV. A high acceptor concentration exceeding 1016 cm−3 in CuFeO2 is recommended to achieve optimal photovoltaic performance. These simulation results highlight the significant potential of employing CuFeO2 as an HTM layer in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite-based solar cells as an alternative to the organic Spiro-OMETAD.
Frigatebird optimizer: a novel metaheuristic algorithm
Authors: Wang Xiaowei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a new swarm intelligence optimization algorithm - the Frigate Bird Optimizer (FBO). The algorithm is inspired by the unique flight and foraging behaviors of frigatebirds. Its optimization process is divided into two stages: The first stage simulates frigatebirds harassing other seabirds to snatch food, and the search direction and radius of individuals have randomness and uncertainty, which is conducive to global exploration; The second stage simulates frigatebirds observing large fish driving small fish to leap out of the water and preying on them, and individuals tend to gather in the optimal search direction. By simulating the behaviors of frigatebirds under different survival strategies, the algorithm achieves extensive global search in the first stage and fine-tuned local optimization by learning information in the second stage. To evaluate its performance, 46 functions in the CEC2014 and CEC2017 benchmark test sets are selected as objective functions and compared with 9 state-of-the-art meta-heuristic algorithms. The results show that the FBO algorithm has higher performance, excellent iterative optimization ability and strong robustness, and can be applied to different optimization domains.
Behavior of plasma parameters under mirror and cusp magnetic fields in DC glow discharge – a numerical study
Authors: M S Janarthini , V R Barath , Ramachandran K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The plasma parameters in DC glow discharge can easily be controlled by externally applied magnetic field without disturbing internal/built-in process parameters. Though several works have been carried out to study the influence of the magnetic field at different configurations on the plasma parameters, a complete understanding on the behaviour of the plasma discharge under the mirror and cusp fields could not be achieved. Further studies on the same are needed to improve the efficiency of the DC glow discharge system for existing applications and to find the new applications. In this work, a 2D axis-symmetric non-equilibrium plasma model with drift-diffusion approach is developed to study the characteristics of the plasma in DC glow discharge through various plasma parameters under mirror and cusp fields. The effects of current and position of magnetic coils on electric potential, ionization rate, electron temperature and electron number density are predicted and discussed. The distribution of electron number density at various coil currents and positions under both mirror and cusp fields are presented and the operating conditions favorable for applications in surface modification are suggested.
Fabrication of hydrogen gas sensor using sputtered palladium-copper composite on tapered optical fiber
Authors: Mohammadnezhad Mohammad , Zamani-Meymian Mohammad-Reza , Vahedi Mohammad , Fallah Milad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, we fabricated a hydrogen (H2) gas sensor based on tapered optical fiber using sputtering method. Also, as the first attempt, we explored how palladium (Pd) and palladium-copper (Pd-Cu) coatings, deposited using the sputtering method (RF and DC), affect tapered optical fibers as H2 gas sensors (ranging from 1 to 8% H2). It investigates changes in sensor output power, response and recovery times, and the influence of fiber tapering angle on output power. The investigation reveals that two main factors, including permeability and elasto-optic effect significantly impact the results. At H2 concentrations of 1 to 3%, permeability predominantly affects Pd sensors, yielding better output power changes and sensitivity than Pd-Cu tapered optical fiber sensors. Conversely, at higher H2 concentrations (4 to 8%), the dominant factors appear to be permeability as well as elasto-optic effect. These characteristics have a greater influence in the Pd-Cu layer at higher H2 concentration, resulting in smoother slope in response to H2. Due to higher permeability, Pd sensors reach saturation faster, while Pd-Cu sensors exhibit more linear changes with increasing H2 levels and do not saturate like Pd sensors very fast. Moreover, the study shows that a larger tapering angle can enhance the output power of Pd-Cu tapered optical fiber sensors.
A leadless power transfer and wireless telemetry solutions for an endovascular electrocorticography
Authors: Xu Zhangyu , Khazaee Majid , Duy Truong Nhan , Havenga Deniel , Nikpour Armin , Ahnood Arman , Kavehei Omid 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. Endovascular brain-computer interfaces (eBCIs) offer a minimally invasive way to connect the brain to external devices, merging neuroscience, engineering, and medical technology. Currently, solutions for endovascular electrocorticography (ECoG) include a stent in the brain with sensing electrodes, a chest implant to accommodate electronic components to provide power and data telemetry, and a long (tens of centimeters) cable travel through vessels with a set of wires in between. Removing this long cable is the key to the clinical viability of eBCIS as it carries risks and limitations, especially for patients with fragile vasculature. Approach. This work introduces a wireless and leadless telemetry and power transfer solution for ECoG. The proposed solution includes an optical telemetry module and a focused ultrasound (FUS) power transfer system. The proposed system can be miniaturised to fit in an endovascular stent, removing the need for long, intrusive cables. Main results. The optical telemetry achieves data transmission speeds of over 2 Mbit/s, capable of supporting 41 ECoG channels at a 2 kHz sampling rate with 24-bit resolution. The FUS power transfer system delivers up to 10 mW of power to the implant through the scalp(6 mm), skull(10 mm), and subdural space(5 mm), adhering to safety limits. Testing on bovine tissue (10 mm thick bone, 7 mm thick skin) confirmed the system’s efficacy. Significance. This leadless and wireless solution eliminates the need for long cables and auxiliary implants, potentially reducing complications and enhancing the clinical applicability of eBCIs. The proposed system represents a step forward in enabling safer and more effective ECoG for a broader range of patients.
Investigation of phase transformation and mechanical properties of silicon addition on AlCrFeMnNi high entropy alloys
Authors: Chandrakar Rituraj , Chandraker Saurabh , Kumar Anil , Jaiswal Ankur 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the impact of silicon in the AlCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy system, focusing on both its microstructural and mechanical properties. Alloys with varying silicon content (x = 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 atomic ratio) were synthesized using vacuum arc melting. The phase formation of these high-entropy alloys was analyzed using x-ray diffraction to comprehend the alloying process behaviour. The findings revealed that the solidification of the AlCrFeMnNi alloy occurred in dendritically, with dendrite cores containing Cr, Fe, and Ni, while interdendritic regions were enriched in Al and Ni after adding Silicon. Increasing the silicon content from 0 to 0.9 led to significant improvements in microhardness and wear resistance. This improvement is attributed to the reinforcement of grain boundaries provided by silicon. The formation of an Al and Ni rich B2 phase is crucial in resisting dislocation motion and preventing further deformation. Additionally, the addition of silicon led to improved corrosion resistance, as demonstrated by potentiodynamic polarization measurements. However, a trade-off was observed between compressive strength and ductility: compressive strength increased with higher silicon concentrations, but at the expense of ductility.
Real-World Ustekinumab Experience in Ileum-Dominant Versus Colonic Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Vien Sandy , Arteaga Elvis Jovanie , Grandhe Sirisha , Yang Nuen Tsang , Mao Eric J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Crohn’s disease (CD) presents with diverse phenotypes. It remains unclear if CD location affects therapy efficacy. The aim of this study was to compare the real-world performance of ustekinumab in ileum-dominant and colonic CD.

Methods
We performed a single-center, IRB-approved, retrospective review of all adult CD patients who received ustekinumab. We stratified patients by ileal involvement: ileum-dominant (ileal and ileocolonic) and colonic CD. The primary outcome was the absence of ulcers on follow-up colonoscopy. The secondary outcomes included CRP, calprotectin, surgery, and hospitalization. Chi-square tests (or Fisher’s exact test) and 2-sample t-tests (or Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test) were used to compare categorical and numeric variables between groups, respectively; analyses were performed using R Computing Software versions 3.6.1.

Results
Eighty-four patients with ileum-dominant CD and 27 patients with colonic CD were treated with ustekinumab. The median time to follow-up endoscopy was 13 months. Follow-up colonoscopy after ustekinumab therapy was ulcer-free in 45% of ileum-dominant CD and 76% of colonic CD (P = .02). Of patients with ulcers prior to starting ustekinumab, 24% of ileum-dominant CD and 67% of colonic CD were ulcer-free (P = .01). There were similar rates of hospitalizations and surgery and no significant differences in mean calprotectin and CRP between the two groups on follow-up after ustekinumab therapy.

Conclusions
This real-world experience of ustekinumab demonstrates higher rates of endoscopic healing among colonic CD when compared to ileum-dominant CD. Disease location may predict endoscopic healing by ustekinumab. Further studies are necessary to expand our understanding of ustekinumab responsiveness to different CD phenotypes.
Interatrial septum dissection and closure from transseptal puncture during mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair: a case report
Authors: Kim Isabel , Li Xi E , Lauzier Pascal T , Sharma Rahul P , Haeffele Christiane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
An 85-year-old woman was referred for mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) following multiple heart failure hospitalizations related to her severe functional mitral regurgitation. In addition to previous transcatheter aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis, her past medical history was significant for chronic steroid use related to microscopic polyangiitis leading to renal transplantation.

Case summary
Her procedure was complicated by an interatrial septum dissection with associated haemopericardium originating from the transseptal puncture site. To our knowledge, our case demonstrates the first use of an Amplatzer occluder device to manage this complication by preventing ongoing flow into the pericardial space. This complication occurred in the setting of a single, successful transseptal puncture in the typical location for a mitral valve TEER procedure, raising the consideration that chronic steroid use may be an underappreciated risk factor for iatrogenic interatrial septal damage.

Discussion
Transoesophageal echocardiography is integral to identifying and risk stratifying this complication, and imagers should have a low threshold to screen for it, particularly in the setting of haemodynamic compromise. The decision to deploy a closure device should be made on a case-by-case basis considering the risks and benefits of doing so compared with conservative management.
Case report: a case of masked subclavian artery stenosis in a haemodialysis patient
Authors: Tezuka Ayako , Kobayashi Masatake , Ito Ryosuke , Murata Naotaka , Satomi Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Subclavian artery stenosis is generally screened by a left–right brachial systolic blood pressure difference. However, subclavian artery stenoses are often underdiagnosed due to marginally identified symptoms. In dialysis patients, a relative or absolute contradiction of measuring blood pressure in shunt brachial artery may further limit the disease screening.

Case summary
A 77-year-old female requiring dialysis presented with a suspected acute coronary syndrome complicated by cardiogenic shock. Five months before presentation, the patient was increasingly given inotropic drugs and had often chest discomfort during dialysis. An emergency coronary angiogram of the right coronary artery revealed 99% stenosis with hypoplasia. During catheterization, angiography of the aortic arch showed subtotal occlusion of the left subclavian artery. After revascularization, patients did not suffer from low blood pressure during haemodialysis.

Discussion
Dialysis patients may have high perceived risk of subclavian artery stenosis. However, limitation of measuring blood pressure in shunt artery may enhance its underdiagnosis. Our case highlights the importance of screening for subclavian artery stenosis in patients undergoing dialysis.
COVID-19 infection-induced worsening of recurrent CK-MB isozyme elevation due to macro-CK type 1 in a child: case report
Authors: Zhang Chenxi , Zhou Rui , Zhang Yue , Lei Xi , Zhang Yanmin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Macro-creatine kinase (macro-CK) type 1, a macroenzyme composed of creatine kinase (CK) and immunoglobulin, is associated with hypothyroidism, tumour, autoimmune diseases, myositis, and cardiovascular diseases, and may even be found in the absence of associated pathology. However, its relationship with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection remains unreported.

Case summary
An 11-year-old male patient presented with recurrent myocardial enzyme abnormalities, mainly manifested as elevated activities of CK and CK isoenzyme [particularly CK-myocardial band (MB)] with activity inverse (CK-MB higher than CK). Dynamic examinations revealed a continuous increase in CK-MB activity closely related to infection, peaking immediately after COVID-19 infection (CK 1838 U/L and CK-MB 1644 U/L). Nonetheless, the patient remained asymptomatic, with the normal results of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and muscle biopsy and persistently normal results of echocardiogram and electrocardiogram. He had normal values of CK-MB mass and high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTnT) suggesting possible false elevation of CK-MB activity assayed via immunoinhibition-based CK-MB measurement. Macro-CK type 1 was confirmed by CK isoenzyme electrophoresis with a macro-CK type 1 band detected in the patient’s serum. The patient remained asymptomatic over a year’s follow-up.

Discussion
The sustained pseudoelevation of CK-MB activity caused by macro-CK type 1 is often misdiagnosed as myocardial damage. This diagnosis can be established via agarose gel electrophoresis of CK and CK mass assay. This case illustrates that COVID-19 infection closely correlates with macro-CK type 1 occurrence. It highlights the clinical value of understanding the relationship and emphasizes the importance of education for differential diagnosis to avoid misdiagnosing myocardial damage.
The evolution of reproductive leaf dimorphism in two globally distributed fern families is neither stepwise nor irreversible, unless further specialization evolves
Authors: Suissa Jacob S , Smith Makaleh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A contemporary interpretation of Dollo’s Law states that the evolution of a specialized structure is irreversible. Among land plants, reproductive specialization shows a trend toward increasing complexity without reversion, raising questions about evolutionary steps and the irreversibility of reproductive complexity. Ferns exhibit varied reproductive strategies; some are dimorphic (producing separate leaves for photosynthesis and reproduction), while others are monomorphic (where one leaf is used for both photosynthesis and spore dispersal). This diversity provides an opportunity to examine the applicability of Dollo’s Law in the evolution of reproductive leaf specialization. We analyzed 118 species in Blechnaceae and Onocleaceae, applying quantitative morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods to test the pillars of a modernized interpretation of Dollo’s Law. The evolution of dimorphism in Blechnaceae is neither stepwise nor irreversible, with direct transitions from monomorphism to dimorphism, including several reversions. In contrast, Onocleaceae exhibits an irreversibility to monomorphism only upon further specialization of fertile leaves for humidity-driven spore dispersal; this suggests that additional specialization, not dimorphism alone, may facilitate irreversibility. These results provide insight into the canalization of fertile-sterile leaf dimorphism in seed plants, where the addition of traits like heterospory and integuments lead to further specialization and potential irreversibility. These findings suggest that as new specialized traits evolve alongside preexisting ones, reversion may become increasingly unlikely.
Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Australian Rainforest Tree Rhodamnia argentea (Malletwood)
Authors: Chen Stephanie H , Jones Ashley , Lu-Irving Patricia , Yap Jia-Yee S , van der Merwe Marlien , Bragg Jason G , Edwards Richard J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Myrtaceae are a large family of woody plants, including hundreds that are currently under threat from the global spread of a fungal pathogen, Austropuccinia psidii (G. Winter) Beenken, which causes myrtle rust. A reference genome for the Australian native rainforest tree Rhodamnia argentea Benth. (malletwood) was assembled from Oxford Nanopore Technologies long-reads, 10x Genomics Chromium linked-reads, and Hi-C data (N50 = 32.3 Mb and BUSCO completeness 98.0%) with 99.0% of the 347 Mb assembly anchored to 11 chromosomes (2n = 22). The R. argentea genome will inform conservation efforts for Myrtaceae species threatened by myrtle rust, against which it shows variable resistance. We observed contamination in the sequencing data, and further investigation revealed an arthropod source. This study emphasizes the importance of checking sequencing data for contamination, especially when working with nonmodel organisms. It also enhances our understanding of a tree that faces conservation challenges, contributing to broader biodiversity initiatives.