bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Comparison of a Habitat Suitability Model for Postdrift Larval Lake Sturgeon in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers
Authors: Krieger Joseph R. , Young Ryan T. , Diana James S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We evaluated composition and spatial distribution of riverine nursery habitat for larval Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens in the Middle Channel of the St. Clair River, Michigan, and Fighting Island Channel of the Detroit River, Ontario, using a habitat suitability model (HSM) and fish collections. Although model outputs indicated similar portions of high-quality habitat in the Middle Channel (16.9%) and Fighting Island Channel (15.7%), larval abundance and dispersal patterns varied between these systems. Analysis with Akaike's information criterion indicated that a regression model using sand–silt substrate performed best at predicting the observed water-volume-standardized CPUE (number of larvae·h−1·m−3) in the Middle Channel. Of 93 larvae that were collected in the Middle Channel, most were found to cluster at three distinct areas of high- and moderate-quality habitat, which was composed predominately of sand–silt substrate. Lengths of larvae varied by as much as 9 mm, and the degree of yolk sac absorption also varied, indicating that larvae in the Middle Channel remained within the channel after a short drift downstream. Of the 25 larvae that were collected in Fighting Island Channel, distribution was sporadic, and occurrence did not significantly correlate with measured habitat variables. Larvae were relatively homogeneous in size and yolk sac stage, indicating that newly emerged larvae did not utilize available habitat in Fighting Island Channel but instead drifted into the main channel of the Detroit River. Dispersal patterns indicate variability in young Lake Sturgeon ecology, which is dependent on local habitat conditions—most notably, substrate composition. Furthermore, modeled larval–habitat associations found in this study were compared to a similar study on larval Lake Sturgeon from the North Channel of the St. Clair River. Model outputs from all three systems accurately accounted for observed larval dispersal patterns among both rivers. This supports the transferability of an HSM parameterized for Lake Sturgeon from individual river reaches within two large river systems.
Plant somatic mutations in nature conferring insect and herbicide resistance
Authors: Simberloff Daniel , Leppanen Christy 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBecause of the role of the meristem in plant growth and reproduction, somatic mutations in plants have long been suspected of conferring herbivore and pathogen resistance on individual plants and, in the case of trees, individual branches within single plants. A few instances of resistance to phytophagous insects owing to somatic mutations have been reported in the literature. More recently, a striking example has demonstrated how somatic mutations confer resistance to an herbicide on an invasive plant, Hydrilla verticillata. The array of new methods for manipulating genomes (e.g., gene‐editing) plus existing examples of somatic mutation‐associated resistance suggest that such mutations might be useful in silviculture, agriculture, and horticulture. Answering several general questions about somatic mutations in plants would facilitate such applications: Why are so few examples reported? Do other cases exist but go undetected for want of adequate attention or methods? Under what circumstances do somatic mutations enter gametophytes? © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Dysregulation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Antioxidant Responses in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Redondo Juliana , Sarkar Pamela , Kemp Kevin , Heesom Kate J , Wilkins Alastair , Scolding Neil J , Rice Claire M 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe potential of autologous cell-based therapies including those using multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is being investigated for multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological conditions. However, the phenotype of MSC in neurological diseases has not been fully characterized. We have previously shown that MSC isolated from patients with progressive MS (MS-MSC) have reduced expansion potential, premature senescence, and reduced neuroprotective potential in vitro. In view of the role of antioxidants in ageing and neuroprotection, we examined the antioxidant capacity of MS-MSC demonstrating that MS-MSC secretion of antioxidants superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP) is reduced and correlates negatively with the duration of progressive phase of MS. We confirmed reduced expression of SOD1 and GSTP by MS-MSC along with reduced activity of SOD and GST and, to examine the antioxidant capacity of MS-MSC under conditions of nitrosative stress, we established an in vitro cell survival assay using nitric oxide-induced cell death. MS-MSC displayed differential susceptibility to nitrosative stress with accelerated senescence and greater decline in expression of SOD1 and GSTP in keeping with reduced expression of master regulators of antioxidant responses nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α. Our results are compatible with dysregulation of antioxidant responses in MS-MSC and have significant implications for development of autologous MSC-based therapies for MS, optimization of which may require that these functional deficits are reversed. Furthermore, improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms may yield novel insights into MS pathophysiology and biomarker identification.
Interactions between hydrogenated diamond surface and adsorbates with different concentration of NO2 molecules: A first‐principles study
Authors: Liu Fengbin , Chen Wenbin , Cui Yan , Jiao Zhiwei , Qu Min , Cao Leigang 
Published: August 2018

To elucidate the effects of NO2 and H2O molecules on the surface conductivity of hydrogenated diamond film, models of various adsorbates containing different molecular ratio of NO2 and H2O on hydrogenated diamond (100) surfaces were constructed. The adsorption energies, equilibrium geometries of adsorbates, density of states, and atomic Mulliken populations were studied by using first‐principles method. The results showed that H2O molecule in the adsorbate could weaken the interactions between the adsorbates and hydrogenated diamond surface significantly. Compared with H2O molecule, NO2 molecule relaxes more dramatically when adsorbed on hydrogenated diamond surface. In addition, density of states for C(100):H–2NO2, C(100):H–NO2, and C(100):H–NO2 + H2O systems are very similar to each other, which indicates an obvious peak at valence band maximum level for all the three samples. It can be attributed to mainly single occupied molecule orbital of NO2 molecule and slightly C–H bond of C(100):H substrate. When the adsorbates contain one NO2 and two H2O molecules, the peak shifts slightly into valence band, but its intensity increases significantly. All the samples exhibit p‐type surface conductivity when adsorbed with pure NO2 molecules, and the surface conductivity remains as H2O molecules added into the NO2 adsorbate layer. However, for oxygenated diamond surface, very week interactions generate between diamond surface and various adsorbates. All the oxygenated diamond (100) surfaces with various adsorbates containing different NO2 and H2O molecules on it exhibit an insulating property.
Pseudocapacitive Ni‐Co‐Fe Hydroxides/N‐Doped Carbon Nanoplates‐Based Electrocatalyst for Efficient Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Liu Wu‐Jun , Hu Xiao , Li Hong‐Chao , Yu Han‐Qing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic activity of a transition metal oxides/hydroxides based electrocatalyst is related to its pseudocapacitance at potentials lower than the OER standard potential. Thus, a well‐defined pseudocapacitance could be a great supplement to boost OER. Herein, a highly pseudocapacitive Ni‐Fe‐Co hydroxides/N‐doped carbon nanoplates (NiCoFe‐NC)‐based electrocatalyst is synthesized using a facile one‐pot solvothermal approach. The NiCoFe‐NC has a great pseudocapacitive performance with 1849 F g−1 specific capacitance and 31.5 Wh kg−1 energy density. This material also exhibits an excellent OER catalytic activity comparable to the benchmark RuO2 catalysts (an initiating overpotential of 160 mV and delivering 10 mA cm−2 current density at 250 mV, with a Tafel slope of 31 mV dec−1). The catalytic performance of the optimized NiCoFe‐NC catalyst could keep 24 h. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemically active surface area, and other physicochemical and electrochemical analyses reveal that its great OER catalytic activity is ascribed to the Ni‐Co hydroxides with modular 2‐Dimensional layered structure, the synergistic interactions among the Fe(III) species and Ni, Co metal centers, and the improved hydrophily endowed by the incorporation of N‐doped carbon hydrogel. This work might provide a useful and general strategy to design and synthesize high‐performance metal (hydr)oxides OER electrocatalysts.
Impact of Lanthanide Nanomaterials on Photonic Devices and Smart Applications
Authors: Zhou Jiajia , Leaño Julius L. , Liu Zhenyu , Jin Dayong , Wong Ka‐Leung , Liu Ru‐Shi , Bünzli Jean‐Claude G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHalf a century after its initial emergence, lanthanide photonics is facing a profound remodeling induced by the upsurge of nanomaterials. Lanthanide‐doped nanomaterials hold promise for bioapplications and photonic devices because they ally the unmatched advantages of lanthanide photophysical properties with those arising from large surface‐to‐volume ratios and quantum confinement that are typical of nanoobjects. Cutting‐edge technologies and devices have recently arisen from this association and are in turn promoting nanophotonic materials as essential tools for a deeper understanding of biological mechanisms and related medical diagnosis and therapy, and as crucial building blocks for next‐generation photonic devices. Here, the recent progress in the development of nanomaterials, nanotechnologies, and nanodevices for clinical uses and commercial exploitation is reviewed. The candidate nanomaterials with mature synthesis protocols and compelling optical uniqueness are surveyed. The specific fields that are directly driven by lanthanide doped nanomaterials are emphasized, spanning from in vivo imaging and theranostics, micro‐/nanoscopic techniques, point‐of‐care medical testing, forensic fingerprints detection, to micro‐LED devices.
Analysis of the predictive value of clinical and sonographic variables in children with suspected acute appendicitis using decision tree algorithms
Authors: Reddan Tristan , Corness Jonathan , Harden Fiona , Mengersen Kerrie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionWe evaluated the predictive value of sonographic and clinical variables in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children using decision tree modelling.MethodsData pooled from two prior studies in the same population of children referred for ultrasound examination of suspected acute appendicitis. Ultrasound and clinical variables were collated and compared with patient records. Decision tree algorithms were used to model data to identify highly discriminatory variables. Receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed on different models of appendiceal diameter criteria.ResultsThere were 687 examinations included. Diameter modelling indicated that categorical assessment – below 6 mm as negative, diameters between 6 and 8 mm equivocal for appendicitis and above 8 mm positive – was more accurate (AUROC = 0.921) than the most accurate binary cut‐off (7 mm, AUROC = 0.886). Decision tree analysis supported categorical diameter criteria, demonstrated that the presence of echogenic mesentery was an important variable and showed that common blood test results can be complementary discriminators of ultrasound findings.DiscussionThe use of a binary appendiceal diameter cut‐off was less accurate than a three‐category model. Absence of peri‐appendiceal mesentery inflammation is an important negative predictor of appendicitis in children, even without direct visualisation of the appendix.
Depletion of Collagen IX Alpha1 Impairs Myeloid Cell Function
Authors: Probst Kristina , Stermann Jacek , Bomhard Inga , Etich Julia , Pitzler Lena , Niehoff Anja , Bluhm Björn , Xu Haifeng C. , Lang Philipp A. , Chmielewski Markus , Abken Hinrich , Blissenbach Birgit , Machova Alzbeta , Papadopoulou Nikoletta , Brachvogel Bent 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The trabecular extracellular matrix (ECM) forms a three-dimensional scaffold to stabilize the bone marrow, provide substrates for cell-matrix interactions and retain, present or release signals to modulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell development. However, the impact of trabecular ECM components on hematopoiesis has been poorly studied. Using collagen IX alpha1 - deficient (Col9a1(−/−)) mice, we revealed that a lack of collagen IX alpha1 results in a disorganized trabecular network enriched in fibronectin, and in a reduction in myeloid cells, which was accompanied by a decrease in colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor expression on monocytes from the bone marrow. In contrast, B-cell numbers in the bone marrow and T-cell numbers in the thymus remained unchanged. Alterations in the bone marrow microenvironment may not only reduce myeloid cell numbers, but also have long-term implications for myeloid cell function. Mice were infected with Listeria moncytogenes to analyze the function of myeloid cells. In this case, an inadequate macrophage-dependent clearance of bacterial infections was observed in Col9a1(−/−) mice in vivo. This was mainly caused by an impaired interferon-gamma/tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated activation of macrophages. The loss of collagen IX alpha1 therefore destabilizes the trabecular bone network, impairs myeloid cell differentiation, and affects the innate immune response against Listeria.
Pharmacovigilance in oncology
Authors: Baldo Paolo , Fornasier Giulia , Ciolfi Laura , Sartor Ivana , Francescon Sara 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground Side effects of cancer therapy are one of the most important issues faced by cancer patients during their illness. Pharmacovigilance, namely the science and activities aimed at monitoring the safety of drugs, is particularly important in oncology, due to the intrinsic biologic toxicity of antineoplastic agents, their narrow therapeutic windows, and the high doses and rigid timing of treatment regimens. Aim of the review To identify the main issues in carrying out an effective pharmacovigilance activity in oncology. Method We searched PubMed for articles about pharmacovigilance in relation to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy for cancer, using MeSH terms and text words. We also searched Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Micromedex, the Cochrane Library, two pharmacovigilance databases and the gray literature for articles published in 2012–2018. Overall, 137 articles were considered potentially relevant and were critically appraised independently by two authors, leading to the inclusion of 44 relevant studies, guidelines and reviews. Another 10 important research reports were included in the review. Results Eight critical issues of pharmacovigilance in oncology were identified. These issues pertain to: terminology; range of side effects; targeted therapy and immunotherapy; chemoradiotherapy; generic drugs and biosimilars; drug interactions, pharmacogenetics and polypharmacy; special patient categories; and under-reporting of ADRs. Conclusion The importance of pharmacovigilance in oncology must be highlighted with every effort, to improve safety and offer cancer patients every possible help to improve their quality of life during such a critical period of their lives.
Cybervictimisation of adolescents predicts higher rumination, which in turn, predicts worse sleep over time☆
Authors: Jose Paul E. , Vierling Alexandra 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionResearch has suggested that cybervictimised adolescents experience poorer health outcomes, including less sleep. The present study was designed to determine whether cybervictimisation's ability to predict sleep adequacy (i.e., number of nights in the previous week of 8 h or more of sleep) would be mediated by adaptive coping (i.e., problem solving) as well as maladaptive coping (i.e., rumination).MethodsA three year longitudinal study with an initial sample of 2179 New Zealand adolescents (854 females and 920 males; 10–15 years old at T1) obtained self‐report data on frequencies of cybervictimisation, use of problem solving and rumination coping strategies, and sleep adequacy.ResultsFindings from longitudinal cross‐lag path analyses indicated that: 1) cybervictimisation predicted lower levels of sleep one year later; and 2) rumination, but not problem solving, mediated the temporal relationship of cybervictimisation on sleep adequacy. Cybervictimisation predicted increases in rumination, and it, in turn, predicted diminished sleep.ConclusionsCybervictimised adolescents not only reported higher rumination and sleep inadequacy concurrently, but levels of cybervictimisation predicted these ill effects one and two years later as well. Negative consequences of being cybervictimised were discerned long after the experience of being victimised online.
Physical activity as an option to reduce adverse effect of EMF exposure during pregnancy
Authors: DastAmooz Sima , Tahmasebi Boroujeni Shahzad , Shahbazi Mehdi , Vali Yasamin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe popularity of using wireless fidelity over the last decades increased apprehensions about impact of high frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) on health. Most of previous studies mentioned adverse effect of EMF on cognitive processes, but so far, no study has provided a way to control adverse effects of EMF exposure. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Wi‐Fi EMF and physical activity on spatial learning and motor function in pregnant rat's offspring. Forty Albino‐Wistar pregnant rats divided randomly into four groups (EMF, physical activity, combined 2.4GHZ EMF and physical activity and control groups). For assessing spatial learning in 56 post‐natal days’ old (PND) male offspring, Morris Water Maze (MWM) was used and to examine motor function Open‐field test was taken. Although results of MWM test revealed that Wi‐Fi modem EMF caused impairment in spatial learning in rats exposed to EMF but physical activity could reduce negative effect of EMF in pregnant rat's offspring who exposed during pregnancy but performed swimming. In addition, results of open‐field test showed that litter's motor function in EMF group significantly declined in comparison with physical activity and combined 2.4GHZ EMF and physical activity groups. According to our findings, it can be concluded that execution physical activity individually or along with wave‐exposed pregnancy can significantly progressive effect on offspring' cognitive and motor functions.
Transonic flow hysteresis in a twin intake model
Authors: Kuzmin A. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTTurbulent airflow in a supersonic intake model of rectangular cross-section is studied numerically. Instability of shock waves formed in the intake and ahead of the entrance is examined. Solutions of the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations are obtained with a finite-volume solver of second-order accuracy. The expulsion and the swallowing of the shocks with a variation of free-stream parameters are studied at both subsonic and supersonic conditions prescribed at the outlet. Hysteresis in the dependence of 2D flow on the free-stream velocity and angle-of-attack is documented. An influence of 3D effects on the flow is examined.
THEZHOU XUN周訓 AND “ELEVATING THE WORTHY” (SHANG XIAN尚賢)
Authors: Fech Andrej 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe present paper aims to investigate the idea of “elevating the worthy” (shang xian尚賢) as it appears in the newly found manuscriptZhou xun周訓. This manuscript is part of the Peking University collection (Beijing daxue cang Xi-Han zhushu北京大學藏西漢竹書), presumably copied in the first half of the first centuryb.c.e. In sharp contrast to most recently discovered manuscripts promulgating “elevating the worthy,” theZhou xunintroduces the meritocratic principle to support hereditary power transfer, by positing that the right to rule should be passed on to the most able son of a ruler. I argue that this position served several purposes. First, it provided a solution to the central problem of abdication discourse, namely, the conflict between the principles of “respecting worthies” (zun xian尊賢) and “loving kin” (ai qin愛親). Second, this interpretation of “elevating the worthy” entailed a significant extension of the number of potential contenders to the throne, challenging the system of primogeniture, the very cornerstone of political order in early China. This fundamental challenge appears to be deliberate and can be interpreted as an attempt to formulate a new paradigm for the ruling house of Zhou. The complete absence of the idea of Heaven's Mandate (tian ming天命) from theZhou xuncertainly underscores its radical departure from Zhou conventional claims to power. However, I argue that, given the close association between theZhou xunand theLüshi chunqiu呂氏春秋, it is also plausible that the former's theory was created to justify the Zhou's overthrow by the Qin 秦. In any case, theZhou xunprovides us with new insights into how the idea of “elevating the worthy” was applied to politics in early China.
Programming to Promote Information Literacy in the Era of Fake News
Authors: Osborne Caroline L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGiven the instant availability of information and the proliferation of questionable news, the ability to critically examine information before consuming it, is of increasing importance. The need for excellent information literacy skills is evident but lacking. This article highlights reasons as to resistance to existing information literacy efforts and suggests components for information literacy programming with a focus on fake news.
PAIRWISE NONISOMORPHIC MAXIMAL-CLOSED SUBGROUPS OF SYM(ℕ) VIA THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE REDUCTS OF THE HENSON DIGRAPHS
Authors: AGARWAL LOVKUSH , KOMPATSCHER MICHAEL 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGiven two structures${\cal M}$and${\cal N}$on the same domain, we say that${\cal N}$is a reduct of${\cal M}$if all$\emptyset$-definable relations of${\cal N}$are$\emptyset$-definable in${\cal M}$. In this article the reducts of the Henson digraphs are classified. Henson digraphs are homogeneous countable digraphs that omit some set of finite tournaments. As the Henson digraphs are${\aleph _0}$-categorical, determining their reducts is equivalent to determining the closed supergroupsG≤ Sym(ℕ) of their automorphism groups.A consequence of the classification is that there are${2^{{\aleph _0}}}$pairwise noninterdefinable Henson digraphs which have no proper nontrivial reducts. Taking their automorphisms groups gives a positive answer to a question of Macpherson that asked if there are${2^{{\aleph _0}}}$pairwise nonconjugate maximal-closed subgroups of Sym(ℕ). By the reconstruction results of Rubin, these groups are also nonisomorphic as abstract groups.
EQUIVALENCE RELATIONS INVARIANT UNDER GROUP ACTIONS
Authors: RZEPECKI TOMASZ 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe extend some recent results about bounded invariant equivalence relations and invariant subgroups of definable groups: we show that type-definability and smoothness are equivalent conditions in a wider class of relations than heretofore considered, which includes all the cases for which the equivalence was proved before.As a by-product, we show some analogous results in purely topological context (without direct use of model theory).