bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid prototyping and 3D printing of antarctic seal flipper tags
Authors: Frankfurter Greg , Beltran Roxanne S. , Hoard Matthew , Burns Jennifer M. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTRecent miniaturization of biologging devices has enabled widespread efforts to document the vertical and horizontal movements of pinnipeds; however, the attachment methods have been slower to evolve. We used rapid prototyping to develop a novel, adaptable flipper tag that could be used to deploy a biologging tag on seals that would remain attached through the annual molt cycle. The prototype flipper tag was designed using three‐dimensional (3D) modeling software and produced using 3D printing. Two tags were deployed on adult, female Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, during the Austral Summer 2015. One animal did not return to the study area. The other tag was successfully recovered after 341 days. Upon tag removal, the flipper holes were well‐healed with no evidence of pressure necrosis or irritation. This tag will provide opportunities to gain insight about animal behaviors during the annual molt, when annual hair loss precludes instrument attachment by glue. The rapid expansion of 3D printing design, material, and manufacturing tools has enabled the development of new tools for wildlife studies. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
A modified biopsy needle with pole for repeatable tissue extraction from free‐ranging crocodiles
Authors: Barrow Daniel , Halford Andrew R. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBiopsy sampling is a powerful tool for furthering our understanding of animal populations. Knowledge of diets and trophic energy flows, genetic structure and connectivity between populations, and uptake of environmental contaminants can all be elucidated through analysis of animal tissues, which is particularly useful for animals that are elusive and difficult to observe. Crocodylians are an aquatic group for which biopsy sampling is an appropriate tool; however, sample collection usually requires undertaking the arduous and dangerous process of capturing individual crocodiles. We describe a biopsy system that employs a modified version of a standard biopsy needle and pole kit to consistently extract crocodile tissue with greatly reduced effort and increased safety. This system takes advantage of the behavioral trait of crocodiles to “freeze” under the glare of a high‐powered spotlight, enabling an approach to within a few meters. We field‐tested the system in 2 remote river systems in northwestern Australia, during July–August 2015, collecting tissue samples from 69 crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus; size range = 0.9–4.4 m total length) with approximately 95% success. The pole biopsy system increases sample collection efficiency by removing the need to handle individual crocodiles. Moreover, this decreases stress on the crocodile population and significantly reduces the number of field crew required. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Inflammation, insulin resistance and neuroprogression in depression
Authors: Leonard Brian E. , Wegener Gregers 
Published: June 2019

AbstractChronic low-grade inflammation has been observed in major depression and other major psychiatric disorders and has been implicated in metabolic changes that are commonly associated with these disorders. This raises the possibility that the effects of dysfunctional metabolism may facilitate changes in neuronal structure and function which contribute to neuroprogression. Such changes may have implications for the progress from major depression to dementia in the elderly patient. The purpose of this review is to examine the contribution of inflammation and hypercortisolaemia, which are frequently associated with major depression, to neurodegeneration and how they detrimentally impact on brain energy metabolism. A key factor in these adverse events is insulin insensitivity caused by pro-inflammatory cytokines in association with desensitised glucocorticoid receptors. Identifying the possible metabolic changes initiated by inflammation opens new targets to ameliorate the adverse metabolic changes. This has resulted in the identification of dietary and drug targets which are of interest in the development of a new generation of psychotropic drugs.
FGF1ΔHBS ameliorates chronic kidney disease via PI3K/AKT mediated suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Wang Dezhong , Jin Mengyun , Zhao Xinyu , Zhao Tianyang , Lin Wei , He Zhengle , Fan Miaojuan , Jin Wei , Zhou Jie , Jin Lingwei , Zheng Chao , Jin Hui , Zhao Yushuo , Li Xiaokun , Ying Lei , Wang Yang , Zhu Guanghui , Huang Zhifeng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCurrently, there is a lack of effective therapeutic approaches to the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with irreversible deterioration of renal function. This study aimed to investigate the ability of mutant FGF1 (FGF1ΔHBS, which has reduced mitogenic activity) to alleviate CKD and to study its associated mechanisms. We found that FGF1ΔHBS exhibited much weaker mitogenic activity than wild-type FGF1 (FGF1WT) in renal tissues. RNA-seq analysis revealed that FGF1ΔHBS inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory signals in mouse podocytes challenged with high glucose. These antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory activities of FGF1ΔHBS prevented CKD in two mouse models: a diabetic nephropathy model and an adriamycin-induced nephropathy model. Further mechanistic analyses suggested that the inhibitory effects of FGF1ΔHBS on oxidative stress and inflammation were mediated by activation of the GSK-3β/Nrf2 pathway and inhibition of the ASK1/JNK signaling pathway, respectively. An in-depth study demonstrated that both pathways are under control of PI3K/AKT signaling activated by FGF1ΔHBS. This finding expands the potential uses of FGF1ΔHBS for the treatment of various kinds of CKD associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.
miR-21 promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation to mediate pyroptosis and endotoxic shock
Authors: Xue Zhenyi , Xi Qing , Liu Hongkun , Guo Xiangdong , Zhang Jieyou , Zhang Zimu , Li Yan , Yang Guangze , Zhou Dongmei , Yang Huiyun , Zhang Lijuan , Zhang Qi , Gu Chao , Yang Juhong , Da Yurong , Yao Zhi , Duo Shuguang , Zhang Rongxin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractmiR-21 is aberrantly expressed, and plays a role in various types of tumors and many other diseases. However, the mechanism of miR-21 in LPS-induced septic shock is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of miR-21 in LPS-induced pyroptosis and septic shock. Here, we show that miR-21 deficiency inhibited NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 expression, as well as inflammasome activation in myeloid cells from both mice and humans. We found that the NF-κB pathway was regulated by miR-21, and that A20 was a direct target of miR-21. Furthermore, miR-21 deficiency inhibited the ASC pyroptosome, which restrained caspase-1 activation and GSDMD cleavage, thereby preventing LPS-induced pyroptosis and septic shock. miR-21 deficiency resulted in an increase in A20, which led to decreased IL-1β production and caspase-1 activation. Caspase-1-mediated GSDMD cleavage was consequently decreased, which prevented pyroptosis in LPS-induced sepsis in mice. Our results demonstrate that miR-21 is a critical positive regulator of the NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasomes in pyroptosis and septic shock via A20. In addition, by analyzing published miRNA expression profiles in the Gene Expression Omnibus database, we found that the miR-21 levels in peripheral blood from patients with septic shock were elevated. Thus, miR-21 may serve as a potential treatment target in patients with septic shock.
Predictors of Mortality in Light Chain Cardiac Amyloidosis with Heart Failure
Authors: Tahir Usman A. , Doros Gheorghe , Kim John S. , Connors Lawreen H. , Seldin David C. , Sam Flora 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCardiac involvement in systemic amyloidosis (AL) occurs in ~50% of all AL patients. However once symptomatic heart failure develops, therapeutic options are limited thereby conferring a poor overall prognosis. The median survival is <6 months when AL patients are untreated for the underlying plasma cell dyscrasia. We thus sought to identify risk factors of increased mortality in treatment-naïve, AL cardiac amyloidosis with heart failure. Patients with biopsy-proven AL cardiac amyloid, who presented with heart failure and did not received prior AL treatment, were enrolled between 2004–2014, at the initial visit to the Amyloidosis Center at Boston University Medical Center. Routine laboratory tests, physical examination and echocardiography data were collected. There were 165 predominantly white (76.4%), and male (61%) patients, with a mean age of 61.6 ± 9.5 years. Median survival was 10.9 months (95% CI 6.2–14.7). By multivariate analysis increased relative wall thickness (RWT) [HR 6.70; 95% CI 2.45–18.30), older age (HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.01–1.06), higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (HR 1.50; 95% CI 1.02–2.2), log brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.15–1.81) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (HR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00–1.04) were significant predictors for increased mortality. In conclusion, in treatment-naïve, AL cardiac amyloidosis patients with heart failure symptoms who lack these high-risk features may have a better outcome. These findings might allow for better risk stratification although outcomes are still poor.
Differential activity of the antioxidant defence system and alterations in the accumulation of osmolyte and reactive oxygen species under drought stress and recovery in rice (Oryza sativa L.) tillering
Authors: Wang Xinpeng , Liu Hualong , Yu Fengli , Hu Bowen , Jia Yan , Sha Hanjing , Zhao Hongwei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of drought stress on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustment substance content in the tillering period of drought-sensitive and drought-tolerant rice cultivars. The results showed that the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase activity (CAT), hydrogen peroxide content, soluble protein content and soluble sugar content increased with the accumulation of time and intensity of drought stress. Compared with the drought-sensitive cultivar, drought-resistant cultivar had a smaller photosynthetic affected area, longer CAT enzyme activity duration, and lower H2O2 accumulation. Unlike POD and CAT enzymes, which maintain the ability to scavenge hydrogen peroxide under long drought conditions, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes seem to be a rapid response mechanism to scavenge hydrogen peroxide under drought stress. Under a −10 kPa water potential, using soluble sugars on the osmotic adjustment ability of the drought-resistant cultivars was more efficient; under −40 kPa water potential, drought-resistant cultivars can maintain relative high levels of ascorbate (ASA) content in the short term. After the restoration of irrigation, the indices gradually returned to control levels. The ASA content showed faster accumulation ability in drought-resistant cultivars and faster recovery. The soluble protein content recovered more slowly in drought-sensitive cultivars under the −40 kPa treatment. Drought-resistant cultivars showed stronger resistance to drought in the −10 kPa treatment and obtained similar yield to the control, while the drought-sensitive cultivars were more obviously affected by the drought stress.
High-throughput Discovery of Topologically Non-trivial Materials using Spin-orbit Spillage
Authors: Choudhary Kamal , Garrity Kevin F. , Tavazza Francesca 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present a novel methodology to identify topologically non-trivial materials based on band inversion induced by spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect. Specifically, we compare the density functional theory (DFT) based wavefunctions with and without spin-orbit coupling and compute the ‘spin-orbit-spillage’ as a measure of band-inversion. Due to its ease of calculation, without any need for symmetry analysis or dense k-point interpolation, the spillage is an excellent tool for identifying topologically non-trivial materials. Out of 30000 materials available in the JARVIS-DFT database, we applied this methodology to more than 4835 non-magnetic materials consisting of heavy atoms and low bandgaps. We found 1868 candidate materials with high-spillage (using 0.5 as a threshold). We validated our methodology by carrying out conventional Wannier-interpolation calculations for 289 candidate materials. We demonstrate that in addition to Z2 topological insulators, this screening method successfully identified many semimetals and topological crystalline insulators. Importantly, our approach is applicable to the investigation of disordered or distorted as well as magnetic materials, because it is not based on symmetry considerations. We discuss some individual example materials, as well as trends throughout our dataset, which is available at the websites: https://www.ctcms.nist.gov/~knc6/JVASP.html and https://jarvis.nist.gov/.
AMP-activated protein kinase complexes containing the β2 regulatory subunit are up-regulated during and contribute to adipogenesis
Authors: Katwan Omar J. , Alghamdi Fatmah , Almabrouk Tarek A. , Mancini Sarah J. , Kennedy Simon , Oakhill Jonathan S. , Scott John W. , Salt Ian P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimer of α-catalytic and β- and γ-regulatory subunits that acts to regulate cellular and whole-body nutrient metabolism. The key role of AMPK in sensing energy status has led to significant interest in AMPK as a therapeutic target for dysfunctional metabolism in type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and obesity. Despite the actions of AMPK in the liver and skeletal muscle being extensively studied, the role of AMPK in adipose tissue and adipocytes remains less well characterised. Small molecules that selectively influence AMPK heterotrimers containing specific AMPKβ subunit isoforms have been developed, including MT47-100, which selectively inhibits complexes containing AMPKβ2. AMPKβ1 and AMPKβ2 are the principal AMPKβ subunit isoforms in rodent liver and skeletal muscle, respectively, yet the contribution of specific AMPKβ isoforms to adipose tissue function, however, remains largely unknown. This study therefore sought to determine the contribution of AMPKβ subunit isoforms to adipocyte biology, focussing on adipogenesis. AMPKβ2 was the principal AMPKβ isoform in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, isolated rodent adipocytes and human subcutaneous adipose tissue, as assessed by the contribution to total cellular AMPK activity. Down-regulation of AMPKβ2 with siRNA inhibited lipid accumulation, cellular adiponectin levels and adiponectin secretion during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis, whereas down-regulation of AMPKβ1 had no effect. Incubation of 3T3-L1 cells with MT47-100 selectively inhibited AMPK complexes containing AMPKβ2 whilst simultaneously inhibiting cellular lipid accumulation as well as cellular levels and secretion of adiponectin. Taken together, these data indicate that increased expression of AMPKβ2 is an important feature of efficient adipogenesis.
DEK terminates diapause by activation of quiescent cells in the crustacean Artemia
Authors: Jia Wen-Huan , Li An-Qi , Feng Jing-Yi , Ding Yan-Fu , Ye Sen , Yang Jin-Shu , Yang Wei-Jun 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
To cope with harsh environments, the Artemia shrimp produces gastrula embryos in diapause, a state of obligate dormancy, having cellular quiescence and suppressed metabolism. The mechanism behind these cellular events remains largely unknown. Here, we study the regulation of cell quiescence using diapause embryos of Artemia. We found that Artemia DEK (Ar-DEK), a nuclear factor protein, was down-regulated in the quiescent cells of diapause embryos and enriched in the activated cells of post-diapause embryos. Knockdown of Ar-DEK induced the production of diapause embryos whereas the control Artemia released free-swimming nuaplii. Our results indicate that Ar-DEK correlated with the termination of cellular quiescence via the increase in euchromatin and decrease in heterochromatin. The phenomena of quiescence have many implications beyond shrimp ecology. In cancer cells, for example, knockdown of DEK also induced a short period of cellular quiescence and increased resistance to environmental stress in MCF-7 and MKN45 cancer cell lines. Analysis of RNA sequences in Artemia and in MCF-7 revealed that the Wnt and AURKA signaling pathways were all down-regulated and the p53 signaling pathway was up-regulated upon inhibition of DEK expression. Our results provide insight into the functions of Ar-DEK in the activation of cellular quiescence during diapause formation in Artemia.
Catalytic mechanism of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase
Authors: Chen Jun , Yang Shulin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH), an oxidoreductase, catalyzes the NAD+-dependent four-electron oxidation of UDP-glucose to UDP-glucuronic acid. The catalytic mechanism of UGDH remains controversial despite extensive investigation and is classified into two types according to whether an aldehyde intermediate is generated in the first oxidation step. The first type, which involves the presence of this putative aldehyde, is inconsistent with some experimental findings. In contrast, the second type, which indicates that the first oxidation step bypasses the aldehyde via an NAD+-dependent bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction, is consistent with the experimental phenomena, including those that cannot be explained by the first type. This NAD+-dependent SN2 mechanism is thus more reasonable and likely applicable to other oxidoreductases that catalyze four-electron oxidation reactions.
Femoroazetabuläres Impingement – aktuelles Verständnis
Authors: Leibold Christiane Sylvia , Schmaranzer Florian , Tannast Moritz , Siebenrock Klaus-Arno , Steppacher Simon 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungBeim femoroazetabulären Impingement (FAI) kommt es zu einem verfrühten und schmerzhaften ossären Anschlag zwischen dem proximalen Femur und dem Azetabulum oder Becken. Der Artikel beschreibt anhand von Fallbeispielen die verschiedenen Typen von FAI, die klinischen Symptome, die typischen Zeichen in der Bildgebung sowie die verschiedenen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten.
Gehirn (und Geist?) nach Tod im Schlachthof
Authors: Spitzer Manfred 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungEiner Arbeitsgruppe von der Yale School of Medicine ist es gelungen, Gehirne von Schweinen 4 Stunden nach deren Tod durch Schlachtung für bis zu 6 Stunden wiederzubeleben. Die Arbeit wurde am 18 April 2019 im Fachblatt Nature publiziert (▶
Abb. 1
) [1] und war von gleich 3 (!) jeweils ausführlichen Kommentaren mit Überlegungen dazu begleitet, was das bedeutet und vor allem, was das bedeuten könnte, wenn man etwas weiterdenkt. Bislang waren nur Philosophen gelegentlich daran interessiert, darüber nachzudenken, was es bedeuten könnte, wenn ein Gehirn in einem Bottich am Leben gehalten wird und selbst darüber nachdenkt. Der US-amerikanische Logiker Hilary Putnam betitelte das erste Kapitel eines seiner bekanntesten Bücher mit dem Titel „Gehirne im Bottich“ (Brains in a vat) und ging darin den Schwierigkeiten und Widersprüchen nach, die sich bei diesen Überlegungen auftun [2].
Therapie der Amyotrophen Lateralsklerose
Authors: Holzer Max , Hermann Andreas , Metelmann Moritz 
Published: June 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie amyotrophe Lateralsklerose (ALS) stellt eine unheilbare neurodegenerative Erkrankung dar und ist durch eine Degeneration der Motoneuronen im Kortex und im Rückenmark charakterisiert. Durch einen rasch progredienten Abbau der Skelettmuskulatur, insbesondere der Atem- und Schluckmuskulatur, ist die Prognose der Patienten mit ca. 2 bis 5 Jahren nach Symptombeginn sehr eingeschränkt. Es bestehen unterschiedliche Hypothesen über die Pathophysiologie der ALS wie eine Glutamat-Exzitotoxizität, mitochondriale Störungen oder eine Degeneration der Motoneurone aufgrund von Proteinaggregatablagerungen im Zytoplasma. Ebenso konnten einige genetische Veränderungen mit der ALS in Verbindung gebracht werden. Aktuell stellt Riluzol das einzige zugelassene Medikament zur Behandlung der ALS in Deutschland dar, daneben wird in ALS-Zentren der Radikalfänger Edaravone im Off-label-use eingesetzt. Beide Medikamente sorgen nur für eine eingeschränkte körperliche Besserung bzw. einen Überlebensvorteil von wenigen Monaten. Daher werden weitere Therapiestudien u. a. an ALS-Zentren in Deutschland durchgeführt, die in dieser Übersichtsarbeit vorgestellt werden sollen.
Endoscopic management of duodenal perforations caused by migrated biliary plastic stents
Authors: Kim Shin Hee , Moon Jong Ho , Lee Yun Nah , Lee Tae Hoon , Woo Sang Myung , Lee Woo Jin , Jang Sung Il , Lee Dong Ki 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Duodenal perforation by migration of plastic stents placed to treat biliary lesions is rare but can be life-threatening. Surgical management is preferred, but it may increase risks of mortality and morbidity, especially in patients with underlying comorbidities and those of advanced age. We describe five cases of duodenal perforation that were successfully managed endoscopically. Four patients were elderly, and one had end-stage renal disease. We used cylindrically adapted cap-fitted endoscopy to successfully retrieve migrated plastic stents and to close the perforated walls with hemoclips. No post-procedural complication was noted. In conclusion, endoscopic management is appropriate as a first-line approach in patients with duodenal perforations caused by plastic stent migration.
Ayurvedische Behandlung von Ekzemen
Authors: Nagersheth Kalyani 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungAyurvedisch werden Ekzeme individuell betrachtet und über Ernährung, Lebensführung, manuelle Therapie, ausleitende Verfahren sowie Kräuter therapiert. Zunächst müssen die Grundkonstitution und der individuelle Hauttyp festgestellt werden. Dann kann eine Behandlungsstrategie festgelegt werden, die viel Mitarbeit durch den Patienten erfordert.
Superficial Dermal Fillers with Hyaluronic Acid
Authors: Bacos Jonathan T. , Dayan Steven H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMinimally invasive aesthetic procedures with hyaluronic acid filler have increased drastically since their development in 1989. Patients' desires to avoid surgery and achieve rapid results with minimal recovery led to a transformation in facial plastic surgery, demanding that aesthetic surgeons become proficient in nonsurgical augmentation. Over the years, new hyaluronic acid filler products were developed with different intrinsic properties, allowing clinicians to better treat different deficiencies of the face, reduce postprocedural pain, and optimize outcomes. The purpose of this article is to review the current state of nonsurgical facial plastic surgery with the superficial dermal filler, hyaluronic acid.
Neurotoxins
Authors: Ong Adrian A. , Sherris David A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBotulinum toxin is integral to the practice of facial plastic surgery. Since it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the temporary improvement of glabellar rhytids in 2002, botulinum toxin has achieved a growing number of off-label clinical applications. These include the management of facial rhytids, brow ptosis, excessive gingival display, masseteric hypertrophy, platysmal banding, facial nerve paralysis, hypertrophic scars, and keloids. Many forms of botulinum toxin have been developed, and their safety and efficacy have been thoroughly established. This article will review the aesthetic and functional uses of botulinum toxin as it relates to the field of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery. In addition, the authors will discuss the suggested quantity of units per injection site based on onabotulinumtoxinA.