bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Motor Function after Mixed and Motor Nerve Repair with Processed Nerve Allograft
Authors: Safa Bauback , Shores Jaimie T. , Ingari John V. , Weber Renata V. , Cho Mickey , Zoldos Jozef , Niacaras Timothy R. , Nesti Leon J. , Thayer Wesley P. , Buncke Gregory M. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Severe trauma often results in the transection of major peripheral nerves. The RANGER Registry is an ongoing observational study on the use and outcomes of processed nerve allografts (PNAs; Avance Nerve Graft, AxoGen, Inc., Alachua, Fla.). Here, we report on motor recovery outcomes for nerve injuries repaired acutely or in a delayed fashion with PNA and comparisons to historical controls in the literature.

Methods:
The RANGER database was queried for mixed and motor nerve injuries in the upper extremities, head, and neck area having completed greater than 1 year of follow-up. All subjects with sufficient assessments to evaluate functional outcomes were included. Meaningful recovery was defined as ≥M3 on the Medical Research Council scale. Demographics, outcomes, and covariate analysis were performed to further characterize this subgroup.

Results:
The subgroup included 20 subjects with 22 nerve repairs. The mean ± SD (minimum–maximum) age was 38 ± 19 (16–77) years. The median repair time was 9 (0–133) days. The mean graft length was 33 ± 17 (10–70) mm with a mean follow-up of 779 ± 480 (371–2,423) days. Meaningful motor recovery was observed in 73%. Subgroup analysis showed no differences between gap lengths or mechanism of injury. There were no related adverse events.

Conclusions:
PNAs were safe and provided functional motor recovery in mixed and motor nerve repairs. Outcomes compare favorably to historical controls for nerve autograft and exceed those for hollow tube conduit. PNA may be considered as an option when reconstructing major peripheral nerve injuries.
Differences in Chest Measurements between the Cis-female and Trans-female Chest Exposed to Estrogen and Its Implications for Breast Augmentation
Authors: Nauta Allison C. , Baltrusch Kyle M. , Heston Aaron L. , Narayan Sasha K. , Gunther Sven , Esmonde Nick O. , Blume Kylie S. , Mueller Reid V. , Hansen Juliana E. , Berli Jens Urs 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Gender confirming primary breast augmentation is becoming more common. The purpose of this study was to compare the demographic and anatomical differences in cis-female and trans-female populations.

Methods:
This was a retrospective analysis of trans-female patients and cis-female patients undergoing primary breast augmentation at a single institution. Analysis included patient demographics and preoperative chest measurements including sternal notch to nipple distance (SSN), breast width (BW), nipple to inframammary fold distance (N-IMF), and nipple to midline distance (N-M). Continuous variables were compared using independent t tests, and discrete variables were compared using Pearson’s χ2 tests.

Results:
Eighty-two trans-female and 188 cis-female patients undergoing primary breast augmentation were included. Trans-female patients were older (40.37 versus 34.07), more likely to have psychological comorbidities (50% versus 12.23%), and had a higher body mass index, 27.46 kg/m2 versus 22.88 kg/m2 (P = 1.91E-07), than cis-female patients. Cis-female patients most commonly had an ectomorph body habitus (52% versus 26%), whereas trans-female patients most commonly had an endomorph body habitus (40% versus 7%). Pseudoptosis or ptosis was more commonly seen in cis-female patients (P = 0.0056). There were significant differences in preoperative breast measurements including sternal notch to nipple distance, BW, and N-M between groups, but not in N-IMF. The ratio of BW/N-IMF was statistically significant (P = 2.65E-07 on right), indicating that the similarity in N-IMF distance did not adjust for the difference in BW.

Conclusions:
The trans-female and cis-female populations seeking primary breast augmentation have significant demographic and anatomical differences. This has implications for surgical decision-making and planning to optimize outcomes for trans-female patients.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy: A Scoping Review and Historical Perspective (1974–2017)
Authors: Ravitz Paula , Watson Priya , Lawson Andrea , Constantino Michael J. , Bernecker Samantha , Park Jamie , Swartz Holly A. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundInterpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) is an affect- and relationally focused, time-limited treatment supported by research spanning >4 decades. IPT focuses on stressful interpersonal experiences of loss, life changes, disputes, and social isolation. It emphasizes the role of relationships in recovery. This scoping review describes, within a historical perspective, IPT’s evolution as an evidence-supported treatment of psychiatric disorders.MethodsEnglish-language publications (n = 1119) identified via EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases (1974–2017), augmented with manual reference searches, were coded for clinical focus, population demographics, format, setting, publication type, and research type. Quantitative and qualitative analyses identified IPT publications’ characteristics and trends over four epochs of psychotherapy research.ResultsIPT literature primarily focused on depression (n = 772 articles; 69%), eating disorders (n = 135; 12%), anxiety disorders (n = 68; 6%), and bipolar disorder (n = 44; 4%), with rising publication rates and numbers of well-conducted randomized, controlled trials over time, justifying inclusion in consensus treatment guidelines. Research trends shifted from efficacy trials to effectiveness studies and population-based dissemination initiatives. Process research examined correlates of improvement and efficacy moderators. Innovations included global initiatives, prevention trials, and digital, web-based training and treatment.ConclusionSparked by clinical innovations and scientific advances, IPT has evolved as an effective treatment of psychiatric disorders across the lifespan for diverse patients, including underserved clinical populations. Future research to elucidate mechanisms of change, improve access, and adapt to changing frameworks of psychopathology and treatment planning is needed. IPT addresses the universal centrality of relationships to mental health, which is as relevant today as it was over 40 years ago.
International Collaborative Assessment of the Validity of the EAONO-JOS Cholesteatoma Staging System
Authors: James Adrian L. , Tono Tetsuya , Cohen Michael S. , Iyer Arunachalam , Cooke Lynn , Morita Yuka , Matsuda Keiji , Yamamoto Yutaka , Sakagami Masafumi , Yung Matthew 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
Assessment of validity of the Japanese Otological Society and the European Academy of Otology and Neurotology (EAONO–JOS) cholesteatoma staging system (EJS) through international collaboration to investigate: (a) feasibility of retrospectively staging previously acquired data, (b) strengths and weaknesses of the staging system.

Method:
Nine centers with prospective cholesteatoma databases were recruited. Cases were allocated to EJS Stage at each center using details from time of initial surgery. An independent rater also staged the cases and noted any discrepancies. At one center results from database staging were compared with staging based on contemporaneous operative records. Inter and intrarater reliabilities were calculated, and recidivism rates calculated according to Stage.

Results:
Of 1482 cases of cholesteatoma, 320 (22%) were Stage 1, 977 (67%) Stage 2, 153 (11%) Stage 3 and 4 (0.3%) Stage 4. No database contained details of all parameters required for accurate staging. Staging discrepancies occurred in >10% cases but inter and intrarater reliability of staging were high (Kappa 0.8; 95% confidence interval between 0.7–0.9). At 5 years, 11% had residual and 8% had recurrent cholesteatoma: rates increased with Stage but generally not significantly (Kaplan–Meier Log Rank analysis).

Conclusion:
The EJS Staging system provides an internationally agreed standard for collecting data to classify cholesteatoma severity. Although data can be applied retrospectively with reasonable reliability, prospective data collection would prevent inaccuracies that arise from missing data fields. To enhance validity of the EJS system, we propose clearer definitions of some categories. Refinements to definitions of stage may improve prognostic utility of the EJS but should be made using evidence powered by large-scale collaboration.
Management of Ménière's Disease: How Does the Coexistence of Vestibular Migraine Affect Outcomes?
Authors: Shin Chul Ho , Kim Yehree , Yoo Myung Hoon , Kim Tae Su , Park Jun Woo , Kang Byung Chul , Park Hong Ju 
Published: March 2019

Objective:To report the incidence of vestibular migraine (VM) in patients with Ménière's disease (MD) and investigate whether management outcomes of MD differ by the association of VM.Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:Tertiary care academic center.Patients:MD patients (n = 251) with/without VM who were managed for 5 years in a dizziness clinic.Main Outcome Measures:Influence of VM on management outcomes and hearing at the latest follow-up in stepwise management options.Results:Incidence of VM was 35% in MD patients. VM was more common in women than men (40 vs. 22%) and in probable MD than definite MD (43 vs. 29%). Bilateral MD was more frequent with coexistence of VM than without VM in definite MD (14 vs. 0%) as well as probable MD (24 vs. 7%). At the latest follow-up, preventive medications were effective in controlling vertigo in most (80%) patients (74%/90% in definite/probable MD). Additional intratympanic steroids were required in 16% (20%/10% in definite/probable MD) and intratympanic gentamicin or surgeries in 9 (6%) patients with intractable MD. The percentage of intractable MD did not differ with coexistence of VM, though definite MD showed a significantly higher percentage of intractable MD than probable MD (6 vs. 0%, respectively,p = 0.002). Worsening hearing was more frequent in definite MD than probable MD (19 vs. 4%), and association of VM did not influence the incidence of worsening hearing.Conclusions:Coexistence of VM was about 30 to 40% in definite and probable MD, especially frequent in bilateral MD (77%) and women with probable MD (50%), requiring identification of coexisting VM while managing MD patients. Management outcomes and worsening hearing in MD patients are not dependent on the coexistence of VM, when both are managed.
Negative Experiences in Childhood, Parental Style, and Resilience Among People Reporting Paranormal Experiences
Authors: Parra Alejandro 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
There are relatively few studies examining the parental style, childhood trauma, and paranormal experiences/beliefs; therefore, the aim of this study is to measure the dominant parental style of those who have experienced paranormal events and their correlation with negative events in childhood and resilience. Four questionnaires were administered to 644 participants. The results showed high frequency of experiences such as sense of presence, premonitory dreams, telepathy, mystical experiences, apparitions, and out-of-body experiences, among others. The results confirmed three hypotheses that predict a positive and significant correlation between the paranormal experiences in adult life and negative experiences in childhood, such as abuse and neglect. One possible interpretation is that “flexible” parental style is the more permissive ones (greater openness and sensitivity to capture alternative realities), in contrast to “rigid” parental style (whose perspectives generate restrictions to capitalize on the unconventional experiences of their children).
Venoarterial Extracorporeal Life Support Utilization in a Pediatric Trauma Patient Following a Severe Dog Mauling
Authors: Puzio Thaddeus J. , Cools Katherine , Adamson William , Erickson Kimberly 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 4.5 million dog bites occur each year in the United States, and more than half of these cases affect children. An estimated 1 in 6 dog bites, representing more than 800,000 bite victims each year, requires some form of medical attention. Historically, pediatric trauma patients who suffer devastating injuries and cardiopulmonary collapse requiring heroic salvage efforts have poor outcomes. We present the first case of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilized in a pediatric trauma patient following a severe dog bite injury. This case is an extraordinary example of multidisciplinary care of the pediatric trauma patient. It highlights the public health burden of dog bite injuries and the scant literature on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in pediatric trauma patients.
Adolescent Substance Abuse Risk
Authors: Chun Thomas H. , Chernick Lauren S. , Ahmad Fahd A. , Ranney Megan L. , Shenoi Rohit P. , Casper T. Charles , Fein Joel A. , Grupp-Phelan Jackie , McAninch B. , Powell Elizabeth C. , Bromberg Julie R. , Linakis James G. , Spirito Anthony ,   for the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network
Published: March 2019

Objectives
The aim of this study was to understand the prevalence of alcohol and other substance use among teenagers in generalized samples.

Methods
This study compared the alcohol and other substance use of adolescents enrolled in a screening study across 16 Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network emergency departments (EDs) (ASSESS) with those sampled in 2 nationally representative surveys, the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) and the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The analysis includes 3362 ASSESS participants and 11,142 YRBSS and 12,086 NSDUH respondents.

Results
The ASSESS patients had a similar profile to the NSDUH sample, with small differences in marijuana and cocaine use and age at first tobacco smoking and smoking within the last 30 days and higher use of snuff or chewing tobacco. The YRBSS participants had higher rates of using marijuana, snuff/chewing tobacco, methamphetamine, and hallucinogens and higher smoking rates compared with ASSESS and NSDUH.

Conclusions
Adolescents visiting Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network EDs have substantial rates of substance use, similar to other nationally representative studies on this topic, although not as high as a school-based survey. Future ED studies should continue to investigate adolescent substance use, including exploring optimal methods of survey administration.
Profiling Pediatric Potentially Avoidable Transfers Using Procedure and Diagnosis Codes
Authors: Rosenthal Jennifer L. , Lieng Monica K. , Marcin James P. , Romano Patrick S. 
Published: March 2019

Objectives
While hospital-hospital transfers of pediatric patients are often necessary, some pediatric transfers are potentially avoidable. Pediatric potentially avoidable transfers (PATs) represent a process with high costs and safety risks but few, if any, benefits. To better understand this issue, we described pediatric interfacility transfers with early discharges.

Methods
We conducted a descriptive study using electronic medical record data at a single-center over a 12-month period to examine characteristics of pediatric patients with a transfer admission source and early discharge. Among patients with early discharges, we performed descriptive statistics for PATs defined as patient transfers with a discharge home within 24 hours without receiving any specialized procedures or diagnoses.

Results
Of the 2,415 pediatric transfers, 31.4% were discharged home within 24 hours. Among transferred patients with early discharges, 356 patients (14.7% of total patient transfers) received no specialized procedures or diagnoses. Direct admissions were categorized as PATs 1.9-fold more frequently than transfers arriving to the emergency department. Among transferred direct admissions, PAT proportions to the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU), pediatric ICU, and non-ICU were 5.1%, 17.3%, and 27.3%, respectively. Respiratory infections, asthma, and ill-defined conditions (eg, fever, nausea with vomiting) were the most common PAT diagnoses.

Conclusions
Early discharges and PATs are relatively common among transferred pediatric patients. Further studies are needed to identify the etiologies and clinical impacts of PATs, with a focus on direct admissions given the high frequency of PATs among direct admissions to both the pediatric ICU and non-ICU.
Functional Task Training Combined With Electrical Stimulation Improves Motor Capacity in Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Single-Subject Design
Authors: Gonçalves Rejane Vale , Fonseca Sérgio Teixeira , de Araújo Priscila Albuquerque , Souza Thales Rezende , Resende Renan Alves , Mancini Marisa Cotta 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
Reduced propulsive capability can impact negatively on mobility activities of many children with spastic unilateral cerebral palsy (SUCP). This study investigated the effect of a task-oriented training program combined with functional electrical stimulation (FES) on the motor capacity of children with SUCP.

Methods:
Single-case A-B design with follow-up. Gross motor function and biomechanical walking data of 4 children with SUCP were measured repeatedly across the baseline, intervention, and follow-up phases. Intervention was a task-oriented training program combined with FES applied on the gastrocnemius. Outcome variables included gait speed, impulsive torque, and ankle/hip power generation ratio. The 2-SD band and celeration line methods compared outcomes among the baseline, intervention, and follow-up periods.

Results:
One child improved walking speed. All children improved impulsive torque and ankle/hip power ratio of the affected leg. All children improved gross motor function.

Conclusion:
The intervention improved children's propulsive capability and positively influenced their mobility.
Multi-institutional Surgical Education Interventions
Authors: Salles Arghavan , Milam Laurel , Sevdalis Nick , Alseidi Adnan , Mellinger John , Stefanidis Dimitrios , Nahmias Jeffry , Kulaylat Afif N. , Kim Roger H. , Falcone John L. , Arora Tania K. , Phitayakorn Roy , Cochran Amalia 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
The aim of the study was to identify and evaluate scholarship in multi-institutional interventional surgical education trials.

Summary Background Data:
Most research on interventions in surgical education occurs at individual institutions. These studies typically involve a small number of learners in a unique environment, thereby limiting their generalizability. The status of multi-institutional studies in surgical education remains unknown.

Methods:
We searched the Pubmed, ERIC, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, and CINAHL databases for all English language articles published from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2015 using the keywords “medical education,” “surgical education,” “multi-institutional,” “multi-center,” and related terms. Articles published in an English language peer-reviewed journal that described an educational intervention conducted at more than one institution and involving surgeons were included.

Results:
Of 3511 identified articles, 53 met criteria for full-text review and inclusion in this review. The median number of institutional sites was 4, with a range of 2 to 54. The 2 most common areas of focus were technical skills (43% of studies) and clinical knowledge (32% of studies). These were also the 2 most commonly measured outcomes (technical skills 32% of studies, clinical knowledge 21% of studies). Thirteen percentage of studies measured only learner attitudes and perceptions rather than learning outcomes.

Conclusions:
Multi-institutional surgical education studies do not uniformly incorporate characteristics of high quality research, particularly related to study design, measurable outcomes, and assessment tools used. Coordinated support, including grant funding, that addresses the challenging nature of multi-institutional surgical education research may improve the quality of these studies.
Leptin reduces pathology and increases adult neurogenesis in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Calió Michele Longoni , Salles Geisa Nogueira , Marinho Darci Souza , Fávero Mosini Amanda , Massinhani Fernando Henrique , Ko Gui Mi , Porcionatto Marimélia A. 
Published: March 2019

SUMMARYAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common dementia worldwide, and is characterized by the presence, in the brain tissue, of extracellular senile plaques formed by amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. These changes lead to progressive neuronal degeneration and dysfunction, resulting in severe brain atrophy and cognitive deficits. With the discovery that neurogenesis persists in the adult mammalian brain, including brain regions affected by AD, studies of the use of neural stem cells for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in order to repair and/or prevent neuronal cell loss have increased. Here we show that leptin increases neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult mice as well as in the subventricular zone both in wild type and AD transgenic mouse model. Chronic administration of leptin to young mice increased neural stem cell proliferation with significant effects on differentiation and survival of newborn cells. Expression of the long form of leptin receptor, LepRb, was detected in the neurogenic niches by reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, leptin modulated astrogliosis and the formation of senile plaques. Additionally, leptin led to attenuation of Aβ-induced neurodegeneration and superoxide anion production as revealed by Fluoro-Jade B and dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. Our study contributes to the understanding of the effects of leptin in the brain that may lead to the development of new therapies to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
Characterising memory loss in patients with autoimmune limbic encephalitis hippocampal lesions
Authors: Lad Meher , Mullally Sinéad L. , Houston Alexandra L. , Kelly Tom , Griffiths Timothy D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSince the publication of Scoville and Milner’s (1957) seminal paper, the precise functional role played by the hippocampus in support of human memory has been fiercely debated. For instance, the single question of whether the hippocampus plays a time-limited or an indelible role in the recollection of personal memories led to a deep and tenacious schism within the field. Similar polarisations arose between those who debated the precise nature of the role played by the hippocampus in support of semantic relative to episodic memories and in recall/recollection relative to familiarity-based recognition. At the epicentre of these divisions lies conflicting neuropsychological findings. These differences likely arise due to the consistent use of heterogeneous patient populations to adjudicate between these positions. Here we utilised traditional neuropsychological measures in a homogenous patient population with a highly discrete hippocampal lesion (i.e. patients with voltage-gated potassium channel complex antibody associated limbic encephalitis (VGKC-LE)). We observed impairment of recent but not remote episodic memory, a preservation of semantic memory, and recall but not recognition memory deficits. We conclude that this increasingly well-characterised group of patients may represent an important homogeneous population in which the functional role played by the hippocampus may be more precisely delineated.