bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superwetting Monolithic Hollow‐Carbon‐Nanotubes Aerogels with Hierarchically Nanoporous Structure for Efficient Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Mu Peng , Zhang Zheng , Bai Wei , He Jingxian , Sun Hanxue , Zhu Zhaoqi , Liang Weidong , Li An 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSolar steam generation has been proven to be one of the most efficient approaches for harvesting solar energy for diverse applications such as distillation, desalination, and production of freshwater. Here, the synthesis of monolithic carbon aerogels by facile carbonization of conjugated microporous polymer nanotubes as efficient solar steam generators is reported. The monolithic carbon‐aerogel networks consist of randomly aggregated hollow‐carbon‐nanotubes (HCNTs) with 100–250 nm in diameter and a length of up to several micrometers to form a hierarchically nanoporous network structure. Treatment of the HCNTs aerogels with an ammonium peroxydisulfate/sulfuric acid solution endows their superhydrophilic wettability which is beneficial for rapid transportation of water molecules. In combination with their abundant porosity (92%) with open channel structure, low apparent density (57 mg cm−3), high specific surface area (826 m2 g−1), low thermal conductivity (0.192 W m−1 K−1), and broad light absorption (99%), an exceptionally high conversion efficiency of 86.8% is achieved under 1 sun irradiation, showing great potential as an efficient photothermal material for solar steam generation. The findings may provide a new opportunity for tailored design and creation of new carbon‐aerogels‐based photothermal materials with adjustable structure, tunable porosity, simple fabrication process, and high solar energy conversion efficiency for solar steam generation.
The pattern of plasma BCAA concentration and liver Bckdha gene expression in GK rats during T2D progression
Authors: Zhang Wenlu , Wu Yu'e , Fan Wei , Chen Hongmei , Du Hongli , Rao Junhua 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study was conducted to measure the concentration of branched chain amino acid (BCAA) in different species and detect the expression pattern of the liver Bckdha gene in Goto‐Kakizaki (GK) rats during type 2 diabetes (T2D) progression.MethodsWe measured the concentration of BCAA in GK rats, induced T2D cynomolgus monkeys and T2D humans by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and used real‐time quantitative PCR to analyze the gene expression of Bckdha and Bckdk, which encode the rate‐limiting enzymes in catabolism of, respectively, branched chain amino acids and branched chain α‐keto acid dehydrogenase kinase.ResultsIn this study, we showed that GK rat BCAA concentrations were significantly reduced at 4 and 8 weeks (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), while the expression of Bckdha in GK rat liver was increased at 4 and 8 weeks (1.62‐fold and 1.93‐fold, respectively). The BCAA concentrations were significantly reduced in diet‐induced T2D cynomolgus monkeys (P < 0.01), but significantly increased in T2D humans (P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur results showed that BCAA concentrations changed at different times and by different amounts in different species and during different periods of T2D progress, and the significant changes of BCAA concentration in the three species indicated that BCAA might participate in the progress of T2D. The results suggested that the increased expression of Bckdha in GK rat liver might partially explain the reduced plasma BCAA concentration at 4 and 8 weeks. Further studies are required to investigate the exact mechanism of BCAA changes in non‐obese T2D.
Clinical Outcomes Depending on Acute Blood Pressure After Cerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Toyoda Kazunori , Koga Masatoshi , Yamamoto Haruko , Foster Lydia , Palesch Yuko Y. , Wang Yongjun , Sakai Nobuyuki , Hara Takayuki , Hsu Chung Y. , Itabashi Ryo , Sato Shoichiro , Fukuda‐Doi Mayumi , Steiner Thorsten , Yoon Byung‐Woo , Hanley Daniel F. , Qureshi Adnan I. ,   the ATACH‐2 Trial Investigators
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the association between clinical outcomes and acute systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels achieved after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).MethodsEligible patients who were randomized to the ATACH‐2 (Antihypertensive Treatment in Intracerebral Hemorrhage 2) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01176565) were divided into 5 groups by 10‐mmHg strata of average hourly minimum SBP (<120, 120–130, 130–140, 140–150, and ≥ 150 mmHg) during 2 to 24 hours after randomization. Outcomes included: 90‐day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 4 to 6; hematoma expansion, defined as an increase ≥6 ml from baseline to 24‐hour computed tomography; and cardiorenal adverse events within 7 days.ResultsOf the 1,000 subjects in ATACH‐2, 995 with available SBP data were included in the analyses. The proportion of mRS 4 to 6 was 37.5, 36.0, 42.8, 38.6, and 38.0%, respectively. For the “140 to 150” group relative to the “120 to 130,” the odds ratio (OR), adjusting for sex, race, age, onset‐to‐randomization time, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, hematoma volume, and hematoma location, was 1.62 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–2.58). Hematoma expansion was identified in 16.9, 13.7, 21.4, 18.5, and 26.4%, respectively. The 140 to 150 (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.05–3.09) and “≥150” (1.98; 1.12–3.51) showed a higher frequency of expansion than the 120 to 130 group. Cardiorenal events occurred in 13.6, 16.6, 11.5, 8.1, and 8.2%, respectively. The 140 to 150 (0.43; 0.19–0.88) and ≥ 150 (0.44; 0.18–0.96) showed a lower frequency of the events than the 120 to 130.InterpretationBeneficial effects of lowering and maintaining SBP at 120 to 130 mmHg during the first 24 hours on clinical outcomes by suppressing hematoma expansion was somewhat offset by cardiorenal complications. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:105–113.
Concurrent Asymmetric Reactions Combining Photocatalysis and Enzyme Catalysis: Direct Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,2‐Disubstituted Indol‐3‐ones from 2‐Arylindoles
Authors: Ding Xuan , Dong Chun‐Lin , Guan Zhi , He Yan‐Hong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe combination of photoredox and enzymatic catalysis for the direct asymmetric one‐pot synthesis of 2,2‐disubstituted indol‐3‐ones from 2‐arylindoles through concurrent oxidization and alkylation reactions is described. 2‐Arylindoles can be photocatalytically oxidized to 2‐arylindol‐3‐one with subsequent enantioselective alkylation with ketones catalyzed by wheat germ lipase (WGL). The chiral quaternary carbon center at C2 of the indoles was directly constructed. This mode of concurrent photobiocatalysis provides a mild and powerful strategy for one‐pot enantioselective synthesis of complex compounds. The experiments proved that other lipases containing structurally analogous catalytic triad in the active site also can catalyze the reaction in the same way. This reaction is the first example of combining the non‐natural catalytic activity of hydrolases with visible‐light catalysis for enantioselective organic synthesis and it does not require any cofactors.
Hebungsinjektion beim Tunnel Oberau
Authors: Piras Flavio , Sabew Sewerin , Heizmann Andreas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIm Zuge des Neubaus der Ortsumfahrung von Oberau wird ein knapp 3 km langer, zweiröhriger Tunnel errichtet. Zwischen den Gebirgsstöcken Kirchbichl und Mühlberg verläuft der Tunnel im Gießenbachtal in fluvialen Ablagerungen und unterhalb einer setzungsempfindlichen Bebauung. Die Überdeckung beträgt in diesen Bereichen ca. 10 m. Beim Unterfahren der Gebäude und Industriehallen waren zur Sicherung und Gewährleistung der Standsicherheit Hebungsinjektionen erforderlich. Mit einem innovativen, webbasierten Injektionsdatenmanagementsystem wurde die Hebungsmaßnahme überwacht, gesteuert und dokumentiert. Der Bericht beschreibt, wie die Bohr‐ und Injektionsarbeiten ausgeführt wurden. Die vortriebsbedingten Setzungen konnten schadensfrei ausgeglichen werden.
Sulfur, Nitrogen and Fluorine Triple‐Doped Metal‐Free Carbon Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Lv Yanlong , Yang Liu , Cao Dapeng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCurrently, the development of low‐cost catalysts for replacing the precious Pt‐based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) used in fuel cells is one of the major challenges. The high cost, scarcity and poor durability of the Pt‐based catalysts severely hinder the practical application of fuel cells. Here, we synthesize a S, N, F triple‐doped porous carbon material as efficient metal‐free electrocatalyst for ORR by using cheap superfine polytetrafluoroethylene powder and thiourea as precursors. Results indicate that the as‐synthesized SNF‐Carbon‐1000 under optimized condition not only shows the same onset potential (0.98 V vs. RHE) and half‐wave potential (0.86 V vs. RHE) as commercial 20 % Pt/C in alkaline media, but also a better long‐term stability and higher crossover resistance. The excellent electrocatalytic activity of SNF‐Carbon‐1000 is attributed to the successful doping of heteroatoms of S, N, and F into the carbon matrix and their synergetic effects in charge redistribution caused by N, F‐doping and the polarizability of C−S caused by S‐doping. This work provides a new approach for the synthesis of S, N, and F triple‐doped porous carbons as highly efficient metal‐free electrocatalyst for ORR.
Pump Industry in Transition to Digitization – A Retrospect of ACHEMA 2018
Authors: Thamsen Paul Uwe 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIm Bereich der Pumpenindustrie war die Digitalisierung auf der diesjährigen ACHEMA der dominierende Trend. Dadurch lassen sich z. B. Optimierungen in der Diagnose und Zustandserkennung des Betriebsverhaltens oder in der Prozesssteuerung erreichen. Auch Cloud‐Anwendungen und Maschinelles Lernen sind aktuelle Themen. Auf der anderen Seite waren aber auch Pumpenanbieter vertreten, die sich auf den Kern der klassischen Kreiselpumpe konzentrieren und Verbesserungen wie die Erweiterung des Leistungsbereichs und die Erhöhung der Verfügbarkeit anstreben.
Inside Cover: Catalytic Asymmetric Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of 2H‐Chromenes and Aldehydes (Chin. J. Chem. 12/2018)
Authors: Pan Xinhui , Liu Xigong , Sun Shutao , Meng Zhilin , Liu Lei 
Published: November 2018

The inside cover picture shows a catalytic asymmetric cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of 2H‐chromenes with aldehydes using o‐chloranil (3,4,5,6‐tetrachloro‐1,2‐benzoquinone) as an oxidant. The organocatalytic process is tolerated with a broad range of structurally and electronically varied 2H‐chromenes and aldehydes with good yield and high enantiocontrol. More details are discussed in the article by Liu et al. on page 1187–1190.
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Optimization of cone beam computed tomography image quality in implant dentistry
Authors: Alawaji Yasmine , MacDonald David S. , Giannelis Georgios , Ford Nancy L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study was conducted to optimize the cone beam computed tomography image quality in implant dentistry using both clinical and quantitative image quality evaluation with measurement of the radiation dose. A natural bone human skull phantom and an image quality phantom were used to evaluate the images produced after changing the exposure parameters (kVp and mA). A 10 × 5 cm2field of view was selected for average adult. Five scans were taken with varying kVp (70–90 kVp) first at fixed 4 mA. After assessment of the scans and selecting the best kVp, nine scans were taken with 2–12 mA, and the kVp was fixed at the optimal value. A clinical assessment of the implant‐related anatomical landmarks was done in random order by two blinded examiners. Quantitative image quality was assessed for noise/uniformity, artifact added value, contrast‐to‐noise ratio, spatial resolution, and geometrical distortion. A dosimetry index phantom and thimble ion chamber were used to measure the absorbed dose for each scan setting. The anatomical landmarks of the maxilla had good image quality at all kVp settings. To produce good quality images, the mandibular landmarks demanded higher exposure parameters than the maxillary landmarks. The quantitative image quality values were acceptable at all selected exposure settings. Changing the exposure parameters does not necessarily produce higher image quality outcomes but does affect the radiation dose to the patient. The image quality could be optimized for implant treatment planning at lower exposure settings and dose than the default settings.
How and when corporate social responsibility affects salespeople's organizational citizenship behaviors?: The moderating role of ethics and justice
Authors: Castro‐González Sandra , Bande Belén , Kimura Takuma 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on salespeople's organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) has been widely neglected by academic literature. This paper analyzes the influence of salespeople's perceived dimensions of CSR on the salespeople OCB through organizational commitment. Additionally, the study proposes that interpersonal justice and ethical climate have a moderate effect on the relationship between CSR and commitment, and consequently, the relationship between CSRs and OCBs. The empirical analysis is based on dyadic data from 176 salespeople and their supervisors from 96 companies. The findings not only confirm the importance of the social, environmental, and economic actions to influence on salespeople OCBs, but also, it reveals unexpected conclusions about moderating variables. In addition, the paper identifies the main implications of these results for management and makes some suggestions for future studies.
Immature survival, fertility, and density dependence drive global population dynamics in a long‐lived species
Authors: Genovart M. , Oro D. , Tenan S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDisentangling the influence of demographic parameters and the role of density dependence on species’ population dynamics is a challenge, especially when fractions of the population are unobservable. Additionally, due to the difficulty of gathering data at large spatial scales, most studies ignore the global dynamic of a species, which would integrate local heterogeneity dynamics and remove the noise of dispersal. We developed an integrated population model (IPM) at a global scale to disentangle the main demographic drivers of population dynamics in a long‐lived species. We used 28 yr of Audouin's Gull demographic data encompassing 69 local patches (comprising 90% of the world population). Importantly, we took into account the unobservable fraction of non‐breeders and also assessed the strength of density dependence for this fraction of the population. As predicted by life histories of long‐lived organisms, temporal random variation in survival was highest for immature individuals (1.326, 95% credible interval [CRI] 1.290–1.940) and lowest for adults (0.499, 95% CRI 0.487–0.720). Large temporal fluctuations in the probability of taking a reproductive sabbatical would partly explain the consistency in adult survival, with individuals most likely refraining from breeding when environmental conditions were harsh. Immature survival and fertility were the main drivers of population dynamics during the study period (r2 = 0.83, 0.77–0.87 and 0.73, 0.63–0.79, respectively). We found strong evidence of density dependence, not only due to the number of breeders (r2 = −0.34, −0.43 to −0.24) but also due to individuals on sabbatical (r2 = −0.18, −0.33 to −0.01). From a conservation point of view, the species shows a 5% annual global decrease during the last 10 years, and we propose an update of its conservation status. Even though population dynamics of long‐lived organisms are very sensitive to changes in adult survival, we show here that, in the absence of strong environmental perturbations affecting this vital rate, fluctuations in population density are mainly driven by variations in survival of immature individuals and fertility. Integrated models based on long‐term monitoring at a global scale may enhance our ecological and evolutionary understanding of how demographic drivers influence population dynamics.
In Situ‐Derived Porous SiO2/Carbon Nanocomposite from Lichens for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Xin , Xing Chao , Li Fangnan , Qu Jie , Wang Chao , Lai Chao 
Published: November 2018

A 3D SiO2/carbon nanocomposite is fabricated from lichens successfully. By acid‐washing, nanoporous structure can be generated by removing inorganic compounds. Comparing with the SiO2/carbon nanocomposite before acid‐washing, the one after acid‐washing displays decreased electrochemical reaction resistance and better electrochemical performance as anode materials for the lithium‐ion battery. At a current density of 100 mA g−1, the hierarchical porous SiO2/carbon nanocomposite after acid‐washing shows excellent cycle stability. A high reversible capacity of 583.3 mAh g−1 can still be obtained after 100 cycles, which is much higher than the theoretical capacity of graphite.
Impedance Spectroscopy Study of the Dependence of High‐temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Parameters on Current
Authors: Kondratenko M. , Kulikovsky A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA recent quasi–2D numerical model for low–temperature PEMFC impedance is modified and applied for the first time for fitting the experimental spectra of HT–PEMFC measured at low stoichiometries of the oxygen flow in the range of current densities from 20 to 160 mA cm−2. The double layer capacitance, the proton conductivity and the oxygen diffusivity of the cathode catalyst layer exhibit linear growth with current density, while the ORR Tafel slope and the GDL oxygen diffusivity are independent from the cell current. The physics behind these dependencies is discussed.
Long‐term quality of life in older patients with HPV‐related oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Baxi Shrujal S. , Cullen Grace , Xiao Han , Atoria Coral L. , Sherman Eric J. , Ho Alan , Lee Nancy Y. , Elkin Elena B. , Pfister David G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe explored if age affects quality of life (QOL) in survivors of locally advanced human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsIn a cross‐sectional survey of 185 patients, at least 12 months from radiation, we evaluated generic (EuroQOL‐5D questionnaire [EQ‐5D]) and head and neck specific (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐Head and Neck 35‐questions [EORTC‐QLQ‐H&N35]) QOL questionnaires and compared differences between younger (<65) and older (≥65) patients.ResultsThe median age was 57.0 years (range 25‐77 years), and 31 patients (16.8%) were ≥65 years old. There was no significant difference in EQ‐5D global QOL scores by age (P = .53). Patients ≥65 years reported more immobility (P < .01), problems with social eating (P < .0001), and coughing (P < .01). Patients ≥65 years were not more likely to ever require a gastrostomy (P = .24) but were more likely to remain gastrostomy‐dependent at the time of the survey (P = .02).ConclusionDespite similar generic QOL, older survivors may have more mobility problems and issues with social eating compared with younger survivors deserving of further evaluation.
Salivary duct carcinoma: Prospective multicenter study of 61 cases of the Réseau d'Expertise Français des Cancers ORL Rares
Authors: Villepelet Aude , Lefèvre Marine , Verillaud Benjamin , Janot François , Garrel Renaud , Vergez Sébastien , Bertolus Chloé , Malard Olivier , de Gabory Ludovic , Mauvais Olivier , Baujat Bertrand ,   the REFCOR members
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe purposes of this study were to describe the characteristics of a prospective multicenter series of patients with salivary duct carcinoma and to investigate prognostic factors.MethodsPatients included for salivary duct carcinoma between 2009 and 2016 in the Réseau d'Expertise Français des Cancers ORL Rares (REFCOR) database were selected. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed.ResultsSixty‐one patients were included in this study. The primary site was the parotid gland in 90% of the cases. Fifty‐seven percent of the tumors were stage IV, 65% of patients had lymph node involvement, and 10% had metastases. Tumors showed androgen receptor (89%) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/neu (36%). Ninety‐four percent of patients underwent surgery and 86% had postoperative radiotherapy. Six patients were treated with targeted therapies. The 3‐year overall survival (OS) was 74% and the 3‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) was 44%. Tumor stages III to IV reduced DFS (hazard ratio [HR] 4.3; P = .04). The N2/3 class reduced distant metastasis‐free survival (HR 7.3; P = .007).ConclusionSalivary duct carcinoma prognosis is poor and is correlated with tumor stage and lymph node classification. Androgen receptor and HER2/neu should be tested as they offer the possibility of targeted therapies.
Evaporites: Relative humidity control of primary mineral facies revisited
Authors: Oroud Ibrahim M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIt is widely accepted that the deposition of mineral facies of evaporite basins is controlled by the average annual relative humidity of the contiguous atmosphere, which dictates the equilibrium activity of the evaporating brine. This concept has far reaching implications in salt works and for the investigation of paleoenvironmental settings affecting depositional sequences within evaporite basins. The above concept, which dominated the scientific thought of evaporite basin investigations, suffers from two serious flaws: (a) the assumption of a static decoupled atmosphere and (b) the total neglect of energy input and thermodynamic feedbacks resulting from evaporation suppression. The present investigation will resolve the underlying mechanisms controlling the equilibrium activity of hypersaline solutions using a theoretical framework that combines energy and mass transport across the surface–atmosphere boundary.Calculations of the equilibrium activity of hypersaline solutions under isothermal conditions, as implied in the original concept, are not in line with the basic physical principles defining heat and mass exchange across the brine–atmosphere boundary and lead to substantial overestimation of actual evaporation and the activity itself. It is demonstrated that in addition to atmospheric relative humidity, the activity of hypersaline solutions is determined by numerous meteorological forcings along with hydrological, geochemical, and thermodynamic feedback mechanisms. Evaporation suppression resulting from a drop in brine activity causes substantial increase in brine temperature, which enhances vapour pressure differential across the interface, leading to more evaporation. This negative feedback shifts the brine activity downward for equilibrium to be attained. It is also demonstrated that evaporation from a brine surface usually proceeds when the relative humidity of the contiguous atmosphere is similar or even higher than that of the brine due to energy input and the strong negative feedback caused by evaporation suppression. The present investigation re‐establishes a new paradigm concerning the processes controlling evaporite basin sedimentation and palaeoclimate reconstruction as deduced from evaporite/hypersaline basin deposits. Findings have operational ramifications in the industrial applications of dissolved salt mineral extraction.
A complete solution to existence of H designs
Authors: Ji Lijun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn H design is a triple , where is a set of points, a partition of into disjoint sets of size , and a set of ‐element transverses of , such that each ‐element transverse of is contained in exactly one of them. In 1990, Mills determined the existence of an
H design with . In this paper, an efficient construction shows that an
H exists for any integer with . Consequently, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an
H design are , , and , with a definite exception .