bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstituting Male Identities through Joint Farming Ventures in Ireland
Authors: Cush Peter , Macken‐Walsh Áine 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe analysis of this article is located in the theoretical interplay between the concepts of identity and masculinity, contributing to the ongoing debate on gendered identities and masculinities in family farming. Our focus in this article is specifically on men who established formal collaborative arrangements (Joint Farming Ventures, JFVs) with fellow farmers, including family members. We present an empirical analysis of primary qualitative data, using the Biographic Narrative Interpretive Method (BNIM), which has particular analytical purchase in the study of identity. Our analysis finds that formal collaborative arrangements in the form of JFVs are employed as resilience strategies by male farmers. The strategies strive to continue the performance of some traditional masculinity traits but markedly involve the renegotiation of hegemonic masculine identity forms, resonant with debates elsewhere on reconstituting gender norms in family farming. Our narrative analysis finds that men's entry to and operation of JFVs entail a conscious and active relinquishing of dominant decision‐making power on their farms, an openness to the views and opinions of others, and a greater willingness to help‐seek and express emotions.
Diversification patterns of the grasshopper genus Zoniopoda Stål (Romaleidae, Acridoidea, Orthoptera) in open vegetation biomes of South America
Authors: POCCO MARTINA E. , GUZMÁN NOELIA , PLISCHUK SANTIAGO , CONFALONIERI VIVIANA , LANGE CARLOS E. , CIGLIANO MARÍA MARTA 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe open vegetation biomes, within the limits of the Chacoan subregion, occur along a diagonal in eastern South America covering a large range of environmental conditions. In order to contribute to the knowledge on the biodiversity of these open biomes, we analysed the phylogenetic relationships of the grasshopper genus Zoniopoda to the remaining South American Romaleinae, and examined the biogeographical patterns of diversification of the genus. The study is based on morphological and molecular (COI and H3) evidence, including 12 species of Zoniopoda and 17 species of four tribes of South American Romaleinae. We describe a new species of Zoniopoda, and test its taxonomic placement within the group. Results of our phylogenetic analyses recovered Zoniopoda as a monophyletic group with high support values. According to the dispersion–vicariance analysis, the ancestor of Zoniopoda may have been distributed in an area corresponding to the Chacoan and Cerrado provinces. A vicariant event, that could be explained by the uplift of the Brazilian Plateau and the subsidence of the Chaco, is hypothesized to have occurred splitting the ancestral distribution of Zoniopoda, resulting in the independent evolution of the Tarsata group within the Cerrado and the Iheringi group in the Chacoan subregion.This published work has been registered in ZooBank,
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FCFB4C5D-1741-46F1-8E25-B37ED2B9D872.
Accuracy of syndromic management in targeting vaginal and cervical infections among symptomatic women of reproductive age attending primary care clinics in Dakar, Senegal
Authors: Barry Mamadou Saidou , Ba Diallo Awa , Diadhiou Mohamed , Mall Ibrahima , Gassama Omar , Ndiaye Guèye Mame Diarra , Covi‐Alavo Serge , Gawa Epainete , Ndao Fall Amy , Gaye Diallo Aissatou , Moreau Jean Charles 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of the WHO syndromic algorithm in the management of vaginal discharge among women of reproductive age in Dakar.MethodsCross‐sectional study of consecutive female patients (aged 18–49 years) presenting with vaginal symptoms at six selected study sites in Dakar; of these, 276 patients were included in the analysis. Vaginal and cervical swab samples were collected and analysed to establish an aetiological diagnosis of any infection. Syndrome‐based diagnosis was compared with the laboratory results to evaluate its accuracy based on sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values. The degree of agreement between the two approaches was assessed using the Cohen's kappa concordance analysis.ResultsOverall prevalence of vaginal infections was 56.9% (157/276); 5.4% (15/276) of the patients had cervical infection. Using the syndromic approach, 51% of patients were correctly managed for Trichomonas vaginalis (TV)/Gardnerella vaginalis (GV); 61% for Candida albicans (CA) and 54% for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT)/Neisseria gonorrhoea (NG) infections. Consequently, 31% of patients with TV/GV, 51% with CA and 53% with CT/NG infections would have missed treatment. Further, the kappa value was <0.20, indicating that there was no agreement or only slight agreement between the syndromic approach and laboratory‐based diagnosis.ConclusionThis study highlights the limitations of the applicability of the WHO syndromic approach in settings with low prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and calls for affordable and accurate rapid tests for STIs.
Native Human Monoclonal Antibodies with Potent Cross-Lineage Neutralization of Influenza B Viruses
Authors: Vigil Adam , Estélles Angeles , Kauvar Lawrence M. , Johnson Scott K. , Tripp Ralph A. , Wittekind Michael 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Although antibodies that effectively neutralize a broad set of influenza viruses exist in the human antibody repertoire, they are rare. We used a single-cell screening technology to identify rare monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that recognized a broad set of influenza B viruses (IBV). The screen yielded 23 MAbs with diverse germ line origins that recognized hemagglutinins (HAs) derived from influenza strains of both the Yamagata and Victoria lineages of IBV. Of the 23 MAbs, 3 exhibited low expression in a transient-transfection system, 4 were neutralizers that bound to the HA head region, 11 were stalk-binding nonneutralizers, and 5 were stalk-binding neutralizers, with 4 of these 5 having unique antibody sequences. Of these four unique stalk-binding neutralizing MAbs, all were broadly reactive and neutralizing against a panel of multiple strains spanning both IBV lineages as well as highly effective in treating lethal IBV infections in mice at both 24 and 72 h postinfection. The MAbs in this group were thermostable and bound different epitopes in the highly conserved HA stalk region. These characteristics suggest that these MAbs are suitable for consideration as candidates for clinical studies to address their effectiveness in the treatment of IBV-infected patients.
Redundancy in Anaerobic Digestion Microbiomes during Disturbances by the Antibiotic Monensin
Authors: Spirito Catherine M. , Daly Sarah E. , Werner Jeffrey J. , Angenent Largus T. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

The antibiotic monensin is fed to dairy cows to increase milk production efficiency. A fraction of this monensin is excreted into the cow manure. Previous studies have found that cow manure containing monensin can negatively impact the performance of anaerobic digesters, especially upon first introduction. Few studies have examined whether the anaerobic digester microbiome can adapt to monensin during the operating time. Here, we conducted a long-term time series study of four lab-scale anaerobic digesters fed with cow manure. We examined changes in both the microbiome composition and function of the anaerobic digesters when subjected to the dairy antibiotic monensin. In our digesters, monensin was not rapidly degraded under anaerobic conditions. The two anaerobic digesters that were subjected to manure from monensin feed-dosed cows exhibited relatively small changes in microbiome composition and function due to relatively low monensin concentrations. At higher concentrations of monensin, which we dosed directly to control manure (from dairy cows without monensin), we observed major changes in the microbiome composition and function of two anaerobic digesters. A rapid introduction of monensin to one of these anaerobic digesters led to the impairment of methane production. Conversely, more gradual additions of the same concentrations of monensin to the other anaerobic digester led to the adaptation of the anaerobic digester microbiomes to the relatively high monensin concentrations. A member of the candidate OP11 (
Microgenomates
) phylum arose in this anaerobic digester and appeared to be redundant with certain
Bacteroidetes
phylum members, which previously were dominating.

IMPORTANCE
Monensin is a common antibiotic given to dairy cows in the United States and is partly excreted with dairy manure. An improved understanding of how monensin affects the anaerobic digester microbiome composition and function is important to prevent process failure for farm-based anaerobic digesters. This time series study demonstrates how anaerobic digester microbiomes are inert to low monensin concentrations and can adapt to relatively high monensin concentrations by redundancy in an already existing population. Therefore, our work provides further insight into the importance of microbiome redundancy in maintaining the stability of anaerobic digesters.
Protocol for a feasibility trial for improving breast feeding initiation and continuation: assets-based infant feeding help before and after birth (ABA)
Authors: Jolly Kate , Ingram Jenny , Clarke Joanne , Johnson Debbie , Trickey Heather , Thomson Gill , Dombrowski Stephan U , Sitch Alice , Dykes Fiona , Feltham Max G , Darwent Kirsty , MacArthur Christine , Roberts Tracy , Hoddinott Pat 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionBreast feeding improves the health of mothers and infants; the UK has low rates, with marked socioeconomic inequalities. While trials of peer support services have been effective in some settings, UK trials have not improved breast feeding rates. Qualitative research suggests that many women are alienated by the focus on breast feeding. We propose a change from breast feeding-focused interactions to respecting a woman’s feeding choices, inclusion of behaviour change theory and an increased intensity of contacts in the 2 weeks after birth when many women cease to breast feed. This will take place alongside an assets-based approach that focuses on the positive capability of individuals, their social networks and communities.We propose a feasibility study for a multicentre randomised controlled trial of the Assets feeding help Before and After birth (ABA) infant feeding service versus usual care.Methods and analysisA two-arm, non-blinded randomised feasibility study will be conducted in two UK localities. Women expecting their first baby will be eligible, regardless of feeding intention. The ABA infant feeding intervention will apply a proactive, assets-based, woman-centred, non-judgemental approach, delivered antenatally and postnatally tailored through face-to-face contacts, telephone and SMS texts. Outcomes will test the feasibility of delivering the intervention with recommended intensity and duration to disadvantaged women; acceptability to women, feeding helpers and professionals; and feasibility of a future randomised controlled trial (RCT), detailing recruitment rates, willingness to be randomised, follow-up rates at 3 days, 8 weeks and 6 months, and level of outcome completion. Outcomes of the proposed full trial will also be collected. Mixed methods will include qualitative interviews with women/partners, feeding helpers and health service staff; feeding helper logs; and review of audio-recorded helper–women interactions to assess intervention fidelity.Ethics and disseminationStudy results will inform the design of a larger multicentre RCT. The National Research Ethics Service Committee approved the study protocol.Trial registration numberISRCTN14760978; Pre-results.
Does tranexamic acid lead to changes in MRI measures of brain tissue health in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage? Protocol for a MRI substudy nested within the double-blind randomised controlled TICH-2 trial
Authors: Dineen Rob A , Pszczolkowski Stefan , Flaherty Katie , Law Zhe K , Morgan Paul S , Roberts Ian , Werring David J , Salman Rustam Al-Shahi , England Tim , Bath Philip M , Sprigg Nikola 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo test whether administration of the antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid (TXA) in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (SICH) leads to increased prevalence of diffusion-weighted MRI-defined hyperintense ischaemic lesions (primary hypothesis) or reduced perihaematomal oedema volume, perihaematomal diffusion restriction and residual MRI-defined SICH-related tissue damage (secondary hypotheses).DesignMRI substudy nested within the double-blind randomised controlled Tranexamic Acid for Hyperacute Primary Intracerebral Haemorrhage (TICH)-2 trial (ISRCTN93732214).SettingInternational multicentre hospital-based study.ParticipantsEligible adults consented and randomised in the TICH-2 trial who were also able to undergo MRI scanning. To address the primary hypothesis, a sample size of n=280 will allow detection of a 10% relative increase in prevalence of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) hyperintense lesions in the TXA group with 5% significance, 80% power and 5% imaging data rejection.InterventionsTICH-2 MRI substudy participants will undergo MRI scanning using a standardised protocol at day ~5 and day ~90 after randomisation. Clinical assessments, randomisation to TXA or placebo and participant follow-up will be performed as per the TICH-2 trial protocol.ConclusionThe TICH-2 MRI substudy will test whether TXA increases the incidence of new DWI-defined ischaemic lesions or reduces perihaematomal oedema or final ICH lesion volume in the context of SICH.Ethics and disseminationThe TICH-2 trial obtained ethical approval from East Midlands - Nottingham 2 Research Ethics Committee (12/EM/0369) and an amendment to allow the TICH-2 MRI sub study was approved in April 2015 (amendment number SA02/15). All findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals. The primary outcome results will also be presented at a relevant scientific meeting.Trial registration numberISRCTN93732214; Pre-results.
Modification of the nuclear landscape in the inverse problem framework using the generalized Bethe–Weizsäcker mass formula
Authors: Mavrodiev S. Cht. , Deliyergiyev M. A. 
Published: March 2018

We formalized the nuclear mass problem in the inverse problem framework. This approach allows us to infer the underlying model parameters from experimental observation, rather than to predict the observations from the model parameters. The inverse problem was formulated for the numerically generalized semi-empirical mass formula of Bethe and von Weizsäcker. It was solved in a step-by-step way based on the AME2012 nuclear database. The established parametrization describes the measured nuclear masses of 2564 isotopes with a maximum deviation less than 2.6[Formula: see text]MeV, starting from the number of protons and number of neutrons equal to 1.The explicit form of unknown functions in the generalized mass formula was discovered in a step-by-step way using the modified least [Formula: see text] procedure, that realized in the algorithms which were developed by Lubomir Aleksandrov to solve the nonlinear systems of equations via the Gauss–Newton method, lets us to choose the better one between two functions with same [Formula: see text]. In the obtained generalized model, the corrections to the binding energy depend on nine proton (2, 8, 14, 20, 28, 50, 82, 108, 124) and ten neutron (2, 8, 14, 20, 28, 50, 82, 124, 152, 202) magic numbers as well on the asymptotic boundaries of their influence. The obtained results were compared with the predictions of other models.
Professor David Gwyn Roberts – a Life in Geoscience
Authors: Gerdes Keith D. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

This conference was held to celebrate the outstanding career of a remarkable man. Professor David Gwyn Roberts was one of the most creative, productive and influential geoscientists of his generation. The range of his achievements and the scope of his influence on the world of geoscience are remarkable. He had a profound impact on geological thinking and understanding that serves as his lasting legacy. His Life in Geoscience commenced as a marine geoscientist at the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, where he rapidly developed a global reputation for innovative research; this was followed by a highly influential spell as an explorer, technical expert and mentor in BP, and culminated in a successful career as a globally respected consultant, professor, teacher and author. He also edited numerous journals, founded the publication
Marine and Petroleum Geology
and held high office in a number of professional organizations. Through his lectures, workshops and courses he served as an inspiration to hundreds of geoscientists around the world. Any phase of his career would identify David Gwyn Roberts as an outstanding geoscientist. The fact that these achievements were the work of one man mark Professor Roberts's life and contribution to the geosciences as truly remarkable.
The NCX1/TRPC6 Complex Mediates TGFβ-Driven Migration and Invasion of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Xu Jingyu , Yang Yuan , Xie Rui , Liu Jilong , Nie Xubiao , An Jiaxing , Wen Guorong , Liu Xuemei , Jin Hai , Tuo Biguang 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
TGFβ plays an important role in the progression and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this role are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the roles of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1) and canonical transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) in regulating TGFβ in human HCC. In HepG2 and Huh7 cells, TGFβ-stimulated intracellular Ca2+ increases through NCX1 and TRPC6 and induced the formation of a TRPC6/NCX1 molecular complex. This complex-mediated Ca2+ signaling regulated the effect of TGFβ on the migration, invasion, and intrahepatic metastasis of human HCC cells in nude mice. TGFβ upregulated TRPC6 and NCX1 expression, and there was a positive feedback between TRPC6/NCX1 signaling and Smad signaling. Expression of both TRPC6 and NCX1 were markedly increased in native human HCC tissues, and their expression levels positively correlated with advancement of HCC in patients. These data reveal the role of the TRPC6/NCX1 molecular complex in HCC and in regulating TGFβ signaling, and they implicate TRPC6 and NCX1 as potential targets for therapy in HCC.
Significance: TGFβ induces the formation and activation of a TRPC6/NCX1 molecular complex, which mediates the effects of TGFβ on the migration, invasion, and intrahepatic metastasis of HCC. Cancer Res; 78(10); 2564–76. ©2018 AACR.
Phthalate Metabolites and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Reeves KW , Diaz Santana M , Hankinson SE , Bigelow C , Zoeller RT , Manson J , Spiegelman D , Tinker L 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Mounting laboratory and animal model evidence supports the potentially carcinogenic effects of phthalates, chemicals used as plasticizers in a wide variety of consumer products (e.g., cosmetics, medications, vinyl flooring). Phthalate metabolites (PMs) are measurable in nearly 100% of the U.S. population, though levels vary widely, and also have been reported in human breast milk. However, prospective data on whether phthalates affect human breast cancer risk is lacking. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study within the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) prospective cohort (N = 419 invasive cases and 838 matched controls). Controls were matched 2:1 on age, enrollment date, follow-up time, and study group (WHI clinical trial or observational study). We measured a panel of thirteen PMs and creatinine in two or three urine samples per participant over 1 to 3 years. Multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (RR, 95% CI) for breast cancer risk associated with each PM, with incorporation of measurement error correction approaches to account for the moderate within-participant variability of PMs. Results Overall, we did not observe statistically significant associations between individual PMs and breast cancer risk in analyses adjusted for matching factors, creatinine, body mass index, smoking status, and race/ethnicity: e.g., mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP; p trend = 0.31; e.g., RR 0.91, 95% CI, 0.62–1.33), monoethyl phthalate (MEP; p trend = 0.16; e.g., RR 0.80, 95% CI, 0.55–1.16 for 4th quartile vs. 1st quartile), monohydroxy-isobutyl phthalate (MHiBP; p trend = 0.11; e.g., RR 0.78, 95% CI, 0.51–1.18 for 4th quartile vs. 1st quartile, and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP; p trend = 0.11; e.g., RR 0.86, 95% CI, 0.57–1.28 for 4th quartile vs. 1st quartile). Conclusions These results indicate that urinary phthalate metabolite levels are not related to increased breast cancer risk. However, some phthalate metabolites may be associated with decreased risk, possibly through anti-estrogenic actions. Future analyses will explore grouping metabolites by parent phthalate and also will separately evaluate breast cancer risk by tumor estrogen receptor status and explore potential effect modification.
Ethnic Disparities in Gastric Cancer Presentation and Screening Practice in the United States: An Analysis of 1997–2010 SEER-Medicare Data
Authors: Florea A , Brown HE , Harris RB , Oren E 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Describe differences in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) screening among a Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare elderly population by ethnicity, place of birth, and gastric cancer (GC)-related conditions, as chronic infection with H. pylori is the strongest risk factor for distal GC. Methods: We used the National Cancer Institute's population-based SEER-Medicare cancer database for GC (1997–2010). We extracted demographic, location and disease staging information from the SEER data file, Patient Entitlement and Diagnosis Summary File. We obtained information on frequencies of various GC-related conditions (e.g., peptic ulcer, gastric ulcer, gastritis) and screening (H. pylori testing and endoscopy) from inpatient hospital and physician/outpatient services claims. Results: Data from 34,730 subjects were analyzed. The majority of Asian American/Pacific Islanders (AAPIs), 65.1%, were foreign-born, while majority of Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), Hispanics and Blacks were US-born (88.7%, 51.3%, and 96.9%, respectively). NHWs were oldest at diagnosis (74.7 y.); Hispanic and Black cases were the youngest (72.4 and 72.9 y., respectively). For NHWs, the most frequently diagnosed GC site was the cardia (36.1%), while for AAPIs, Hispanics and Blacks, the most diagnosed sites were non-cardia (&gt;80%, P &lt; 0.001). Over 55% of NHW, Hispanic and Black cases were diagnosed at regional or distant stage, while 55% of AAPIs were diagnosed at local or regional stage. Over 57% of all cases had a history of GC-related conditions (AAPIs were highest at 64.1%). However, only 11.2% of total cases showed evidence of H. pylori testing. H. pylori testing was more frequent for foreign-born than US-born (2-fold increase in proportions) and AAPIs exhibited the highest proportion of H. pylori testing (22.6% among those with a GC-related condition). Conclusions: Screening for H. pylori was low for all GC cases, despite race/ethnic groups exhibiting conditions for which H. pylori testing is recommended. AAPI GC cases had the highest frequency of H. pylori testing with tumors staged locally or regionally; increased testing could lead to earlier stage of tumor at diagnosis. Future studies should investigate why screening rates are low in patients with GC-related conditions.