bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actionability of Synthetic Data in a Heterogeneous and Rare Health Care Demographic: Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer
Authors: Hogenboom Joshi , Lobo Gomes Aiara , Dekker Andre , Van Der Graaf Winette , Husson Olga , Wee Leonard 
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE
Research on rare diseases and atypical health care demographics is often slowed by high interparticipant heterogeneity and overall scarcity of data. Synthetic data (SD) have been proposed as means for data sharing, enlargement, and diversification, by artificially generating real phenomena while obscuring the real patient data. The utility of SD is actively scrutinized in health care research, but the role of sample size for actionability of SD is insufficiently explored. We aim to understand the interplay of actionability and sample size by generating SD sets of varying sizes from gradually diminishing amounts of real individuals' data. We evaluate the actionability of SD in a highly heterogeneous and rare demographic: adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer.

METHODS
A population-based cross-sectional cohort study of 3,735 AYAs was subsampled at random to produce 13 training data sets of varying sample sizes. We studied four distinct generator architectures built on the open-source Synthetic Data Vault library. Each architecture was used to generate SD of varying sizes on the basis of each aforementioned training subsets. SD actionability was assessed by comparing the resulting SD with their respective real data against three metrics—veracity, utility, and privacy concealment.

RESULTS
All examined generator architectures yielded actionable data when generating SD with sizes similar to the real data. Large SD sample size increased veracity but generally increased privacy risks. Using fewer training participants led to faster convergence in veracity, but partially exacerbated privacy concealment issues.

CONCLUSION
SD is a potentially promising option for data sharing and data augmentation, yet sample size plays a significant role in its actionability. SD generation should go hand-in-hand with consistent scrutiny, and sample size should be carefully considered in this process.
Eddies driven by eddy currents: Magnetokinetic flow in a conducting drop due to an oscillating magnetic field
Authors: Kumaran V. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
An oscillating magnetic field of amplitude H
0 and angular frequency ω is applied across an electrically conducting non-magnetic drop of conductivity κ, viscosity η and radius R. The oscillating magnetic field generates an oscillating electric field due to Faraday's law,

, where
E
and
H
are the electric and magnetic field, and μ
0 is the magnetic permeability. This generates a current density,

. The non-linear interaction between the oscillating current and magnetic field results in a time-independent body force density,

due to Ampere's circuital law. This drives a pair of axisymmetric circulation rolls in the two hemispheres of the drop in the viscous limit where inertia is neglected. The characteristic circulation velocity is

times a function of the dimensionless parameter

, the square root of the ratio of the magnetic field frequency and the eddy current relaxation rate. The velocity increases proportional to

for

, has a maximum at

, and decreases proportional to

for

. Large strain rates in the range

are generated in a metal drop of radius 0.1–1 mm for magnetic flux density as low as

, provided relatively high frequencies of oscillation in the range

are used. Joule heating could increase the drop temperature by tens of degrees Kelvin in comparison to the ambient.
Comparison of Different Diagnostic Criteria of 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT for the Classification of Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Zhang Xiangshuang , Song Ying , Jing Ying , Hu Jinbo , Shen Hang , Zhang Aipin , He Wenwen , Feng Zhengping , Yang Yi , Pang Hua , Li Qifu , Yang Shumin ,   Chongqing Primary Aldosteronism Study (CONPASS) Group, Mei Mei , Luo Suxin , Liao Kangla , Zhang Yao , He Yunfeng , He Yihong , Xiao Ming , Peng Bin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Context
68Ga-Pentixafor positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is an emerging method for the classification diagnosis primary aldosteronism (PA). However, the diagnosis criteria are still controversial.

Objective
To compare the accuracy of different criteria of 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT in the classification diagnosis of PA.

Methods
This was a retrospective study at a tertiary hospital in China. Patients with PA who had undergone PET/CT and had classification diagnosis of unilateral PA (UPA) or bilateral PA (BPA) based on surgery or adrenal venous sampling were included. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), specificity, and sensitivity were used to analyze the accuracy of the lateralization index (LI) based on adrenal maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), dominant side SUVmax adjusted by liver, dominant side of SUVmax, and visual analysis.

Results
A total of 208 patients with PA (including 128 UPA and 80 BPA) were analyzed. The AUCs for diagnosing UPA using LI and visual analysis were both 0.82, higher than that of the dominant side of SUVmax (0.72) and dominant side SUVmax adjusted by liver (0.71). Visual analysis showed a sensitivity of 0.73 and a specificity of 0.88. The LI cutoff of 1.50 resulted in the highest Youden index of 0.59, with a sensitivity of 0.68 and a specificity of 0.91. When the LI cutoff was increased to 1.65, the sensitivity reduced to 0.61, while the specificity increased to 0.96.

Conclusion
Both LI and visual analysis could be used for interpretation the results of 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT; nevertheless, visual analysis is more sensitive, and LI is more advantageous in specificity.
PnP-ADMMbased efficient hardware implementation of a flexible denoising single-pixel imaging system
Authors: Li Miao , Zhang Lingqiang , Wang Xi , Wang Chenyan , Chen Chaorui , Guo Zhaohui , Zhao Xueyin , Hao Baishun , Chen Hong 
Published: December 2024

Single-pixel imaging, as a novel computational imaging method, boasts high sensitivity and interference resistance, offering significant application potential. This paper addresses the noise robustness requirements for real-time imaging environments in current single-pixel imaging systems. A hardware-amenable PnP-ADMM algorithm and its corresponding IP core were developed for implementation in an SPI hardware system. A dedicated computing system, which leverages FPGA technology alongside the PnP-ADMM IP, was designed specifically for enhancing the image recovery using different denoising operators. Thorough evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed PnP-ADMM inversion reconstruction algorithm, under Gaussian noise intensity of 0.05, achieves an average PSNR of 16.7312, 19.1865, and 20.3925 dB for sampling rates of 6.25%, 12.5%, and 25%, respectively. The average SSIM values correspondingly reach 0.40 and 0.44. Experimental results of the hardware system indicate that the reconstruction time for a resolution of 256×256 images using the proximal operator, soft-thresholding operator, and TV operator as different denoising operators are approximately 0.350, 0.284, and 0.659 s, respectively. Compared with using only an ARM processor, this represents improvements of 150.1, 184.1, and 82.5 times, respectively. At a 25% sampling rate and imaging distance of 300 cm, the established PnP-ADMM single-pixel imaging system can achieve a resolution of 0.445–0.5 lp/mm. Our dedicated SPI system outperforms existing works in terms of image quality at the same sampling rate and achieves a larger image size when compared with previous work. Owing to its compact form as compared with conventional computers, the FPGA-based system is poised to expand the application scope of an SPI system into the realms of the IoT and outdoor settings.
Treatment outcomes and associated factors in severe malaria patients at University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A retrospective study (2020–2023)
Authors: Anteneh Marshet , Asres Mezgebu Silamsaw , Legese Geberehiwot Lema , Alemayehu Meron Asmamaw , Woldesenbet Dagmawi , Ayalew Desalew Getahun 
Published: December 2024

Background
Malaria continues to be the most prevalent life-threatening parasitic illness in Ethiopia. Its clinical spectrum ranges from mild to severe, with a propensity for death. In Ethiopia, it accounts for 10% of hospital admission. Identifying predictors of malaria-related mortality is crucial for aiding high-risk patient identification and enabling timely intervention.

Objective
Our study aimed to assess treatment outcomes and factors associated with mortality among severe malaria patients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study examined 383 randomly chosen patients with severe malaria, spanning a four-year period leading up to the data collection date, encompassing July 2023 back to June 2020. Data were collected from the hospital records. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. EpiData version 3.1 and SPSS version 20 were used to clean and analyze the data, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine associations and reported by the odds ratio at p < 0.05 with 95% confidence intervals.

Results
Among the 383 eligible patients, the majorities were males (56.66%) and resided in rural areas (66.32%). Over 84% of them were referred from health facilities. Plasmodium falciparum was the major parasite identified in 78% of cases. The magnitude of death among severe malaria patients was 10.97%. Impaired consciousness, convulsions, jaundice, parasitemia level >2, and creatinine level ≥3 were significantly associated with death, with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of 3.4 (95% CI: 1.3–8.3), 2.7 (95% CI: 1.004–7.492), 3.2 (95% CI: 1.173–9.182), 3.7 (95% CI: 1.516–9.113), and 11.7 (95% CI: 4.756–29.239), respectively.

Conclusion
Our study revealed a significant number of malaria-related deaths, with predictors such as age, impaired consciousness, convulsions, jaundice, parasitemia level, and creatinine level identified. Hence, it is imperative to implement intense and timely interventions for patients exhibiting these clinical manifestations to prevent malaria-related fatalities.
Genetic coping mechanisms observed in Leishmania tropica, from the Middle East region, enhance the survival of the parasite after drug exposure
Authors: Glans Hedvig , Matos Gabriel M. , Bradley Maria , Downing Tim , Andersson Björn 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. tropica is common in the Middle East and treatment failure and drug resistance are known to occur. Several genetic mechanisms: aneuploidy, recombination and loss of heterozygosity, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) changes, copy number variation (CNV), and mutation of the H locus associated with drug resistance have been described.

Materials and methods
We studied SNP and CNV patterns in 22 isolates of L. tropica from Afghanistan, Iran and Syria in a geographic, phylogenetic and antimony exposure context.

Results
A high SNP frequency was observed in isolates from Syria on chromosome 23, including the H locus, linked to different ancestry at that chromosome segment. Among the isolates from Afghanistan and Iran, an elevated frequency of nonsynonymous SNPs was observed on several chromosomes. Changes in CNV patterns were seen in isolates exposed to drug pressure, especially for the ferric iron reductase gene. Expanded genes were categorised into five functional categories: translational elongation, mitochondrial transmembrane transport, positive regulation of cellular component organisation, response to stimulus and response to hypoxia. No CNV was identified at the H locus, the MAPK1 gene, the APQ1 gene, nor chromosomes 23, 31 or 36 regardless of previous antimonial exposure.

Discussion
In our study, Leishmania tropica had a jump in the nonsynonymous SNP rates at chromosome 23, including the H locus. CNV was observed among isolates exposed to antimonials, especially involving the gene encoding a ferric iron reductase. Several essential genetic coping mechanisms in the cell were enhanced when exposed to antimony, possibly for the survival of the parasite. Our work supports the perspective that Leishmania uses several mechanisms to adapt to environmental changes and drug exposure.
Optimal Trade Policy in a Ricardian Model with Labor-Market Search-and-Matching Frictions
Authors: Suwanprasert Wisarut 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
I develop a dynamic general-equilibrium model that combines the Diamond–Mortensen–Pissarides labor market with the standard Ricardian model of international trade to investigate the potential role of unemployment as a justification for trade policy implementation. First, I compare a competitive equilibrium and a constrained-efficient equilibrium and then establish the condition in which the competitive equilibrium is constrained-efficient. Second, I show that free trade is optimal only when labor market inefficiency is absent. A small open economy may employ expansionary trade policies (such as export subsidies or reduced import tariffs) if it experiences inefficiently high unemployment. This study provides a rationale behind countries’ tendency to use export subsidies.
Effect of surface treatment of nickel-coated graphite on conductive rubber
Authors: Zhuang Xindi , Xing Baotong , Mao Hongda , Liu Wei , Zou Hua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the blended conductive rubbers, good dispersion of conductive fillers and great interfacial bonding with the substrate are the keys to achieving excellent mechanical and electromagnetic shielding properties. It is found that compared with octyltriethoxysilane (A137), 3-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (A174) and vinyltriethoxysilane (A151) with a double bond reduce the curing degree of the blends. The vinyl methyl silicone rubber/nickel-coated graphite (VMQ/NCG) composites modified by A137 shows poor tensile properties, while the composites modified by A174 shows inferior electrical properties. The presence of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption on the surface of NCG modified by A151, which effectively enhances the dispersibility of NCG and interfacial bonding strength with rubber, so that the material exhibits excellent comprehensive properties. When the content of A151 is 3% and modified by dry method, the tensile strength of VMQ/NCG composites can reach 1.6 MPa, the elongation at break can reach 162%, and the volume resistivity can reach 0.05 Ω·cm.
Appraising Regulatory Framework Towards Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) Under Digital Humanism
Authors: Cheng Le , Gong Xuan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The explosive advancement of contemporary artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, typified by ChatGPT, is steering humans towards an uncontrollable trajectory to artificial general intelligence (AGI). Against the backdrop of a series of transformative breakthroughs, big tech companies such as OpenAI and Google have initiated an “AGI race” on a supranational level. As technological power becomes increasingly absolute, structural challenges may erupt with an unprecedented velocity, potentially resulting in disorderly expansion and even malignant development of AI technologies. To preserve the dignity and safety of human-beings in a brand-new AGI epoch, it is imperative to implement regulatory guidelines to limit the applications of AGI within the confines of human ethics and rules to further counteract the potential downsides. To promote the benevolent evolution of AGI, the principles of Humanism should be underscored and the connotation of Digital Humanism should be further enriched. Correspondingly, the current regulatory paradigm for generative AI may also be overhauled under the tenet of Digital Humanism to adapt to the quantum leaps and subversive shifts produced by AGI in the future. Positioned at the nexus of legal studies, computer science, and moral philosophy, this study therefore charts a course for a synthetic regulation framework of AGI under Digital Humanism.
Mechanical behavior of composite pipe structures under compressive force and its prediction using different machine learning algorithms
Authors: Bozkurt Ilyas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Thanks to machine learning algorithms, the performance of composites with high energy absorption capacity can be predicted with high accuracy rates with a small number of data. The aim of this study is to experimentally and numerically determine the crushing performances of glass/epoxy composite pipe structures under compressive force and to predict their compression behavior with the help of different machine learning algorithms. In the study, the crushing performances of composite pipes (peak force (PF), peak force displacement (PFD), mean crushing force (MCF), specific energy absorption (SEA), and total inner energy (TIE)) were determined for different specimen thicknesses, specimen lengths, mesh sizes, numbers of integration points, diameters (D), and compression directions (axial and radial). Additionally, the maximum strength values of composite pipes under force were estimated with the help of Linear Regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) machine learning algorithms. The data taken from the ANN algorithm were found to be more reliable in estimating the PF and TIE values, with an accuracy rate of 92 %. When determining the MCF value, it was found that the data obtained from the LR algorithm was more reliable than other algorithms, with an accuracy rate of 80 %.
Reinforcement of graphene nanoplatelets on water uptake and thermomechanical behaviour of epoxy adhesive subjected to water ageing conditions
Authors: Jia Zhemin , Ye Haoyan , Liu Qian , Zhang Zhicheng , Grima Joseph N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Adhesive joints are frequently utilized due to their lightweight nature and minimal damage to the substrates. However, their application is constrained by a lack of reliable performance under moist conditions. This study assesses the impact of incorporating varying concentrations (0.25–0.75 wt%) of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on moisture uptake, dynamic thermal properties, and tensile behaviour of engineered epoxy adhesives when subjected to water for periods of up to 8 weeks. The objective of this study is to ascertain the optimal concentration from the standpoint of degradation in the thermomechanical performance of the epoxy resulting from water ageing. The addition of GNP results in a 45% reduction in the diffusion coefficient of the 0.25 wt% GNP-modified epoxy relative to the unmodified epoxy. The reduced absorption of water by the GNP-reinforced adhesive results in diminished thermomechanical degradation, particularly during the initial immersion period (less than 14 days). The loss modulus exhibits an increase of up to 21% in comparison with the unmodified epoxy. The reduction in tensile strength of the modified epoxy is 53% less than that of the unmodified epoxy following 14 days of water ageing. Under the same water ageing conditions for 14 days, the epoxy modified with 0.25 wt% GNP exhibited a 75% increase in tensile strength compared to the unmodified epoxy. This work may facilitate the GNP application in epoxy adhesive joints, thereby enhancing their durability under high humidity conditions.
Optimization of preparation parameters and testing verification of carbon nanotube suspensions used in concrete
Authors: Huang Shanxiu , Li Huikuan , Gao Fenghui , Guo Weijie , Guo Jiaqi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received extensive attention due to their exceptional properties and wide range of applications. However, the agglomeration of CNTs in aqueous solutions and organic solvents significantly limits their large-scale application. In this study, the microscopic morphology and dispersion stability of the CNT suspensions were analyzed, and the most suitable surfactant in this study was selected. The preparation parameters of the CNT suspensions were optimized, and uniaxial compression tests were conducted on carbon nanotube concrete (CNTC) prepared using the optimized parameters. Scanning electron microscope analysis was used to investigate the improvement in the microstructure of the concrete by CNTs. Transmission electron microscope micrographs of the polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)-CNT suspensions exhibited a uniformly distributed CNT cross-linked network. The absorbance reduction ratio of PVP-CNT suspensions after standing for 90 days was 13.75 and 22.41%, respectively. The absorbance reduction ratio of the suspensions first increased and then decreased with increasing dispersant ratio and ultrasonic dispersion time and increased with increasing ultrasonic power ratio. Compared with that of plain concrete, the uniaxial compressive strength of CNTC significantly improved, with a maximum increase of 18.15% when the content was 0.10%, and the failure mode exhibited typical shear failure characteristics. The optimized preparation parameters for the CNT suspensions were a PVP-to-multiwalled carbon nanotube mass ratio of 4:1, an ultrasonic dispersion time of 20 min, and an ultrasonic power of 60%. These optimized parameters are ideal choices for preparing CNT cement-based composite suspensions.
Organisation und Kreativität. Zur Idee des schöpferischen Bürokraten
Authors: Wolf Burkhardt 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Immer weniger scheinen die Verwaltungen der Gegenwart durch rigide Hierarchien und routinierte Abläufe gekennzeichnet, dafür zusehends durch lose Kopplungen und flexible Aufgaben. In ihren Strukturen und Prozessen herrscht konstitutive Unsicherheit und Kontingenz. Und diese beanspruchen Organisationen nicht bloß zu bewältigen, sondern vielmehr auszunutzen. Denn einerseits scheinen Problemlösungen und Entscheidungsfindungen unter den Vorzeichen des Zufalls und Nicht-Wissens zu laufend neuen Zwecksetzungen zu führen, zu einer gleichsam kreativen Organisation der Organisation. Andererseits lässt sich die Ressource der Kreativität, nach dem alten Konzept und Muster des Genies und schöpferischen Menschen, leicht persönlich zurechnen – und damit als Auswahl- und Bewertungskriterium der Human Resources operationalisieren. Mehr und mehr richten sich gegenwärtige Verwaltungen derart an para-ästhetischen Kategorien aus. Wechselbeziehungen wie die zwischen Zweckfreiheit und Zweckgebundenheit, zwischen Kontingenz und Regel oder zwischen Informalität und Formalität nähern sie augenscheinlich ihrem vormals Anderen an: der Kunst und den Kreativen.
Über Schatten und Elefanten. Geheimnissoziologische Überlegungen zu Organisationen
Authors: Firkus Dennis 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Geheimnisse und Geheimhaltungen sind nicht nur in Interaktionen, sondern auch für den Bestand von Organisationen von Relevanz. Die Studienlage spiegelt diesen Umstand kaum wider: In der Organisationsforschung bleiben Geheimnisse Gegenstand allenfalls impliziter, aber nur selten expliziter Auseinandersetzungen. Der vorliegende Beitrag knüpft an dieses Desiderat an. Hierfür wird ein soziologischer Geheimnisbegriff skizziert, der an ein primär systemtheoretisches Organisationsverständnis angeschlossen wird. Organisationen implementieren, so die These, verschiedene Strategien oder Barrieren, um sensible Wissensbestände zurückzuhalten. Anhand einer Neuinterpretation zweier von der soziologischen Forschung bereits untersuchter Fälle, der Korruptionsaffäre der Siemens AG sowie der Challenger-Katastrophe, werden Potenziale einer geheimnissoziologisch sensibilisierten Forschung in der Organisationstheorie herausgearbeitet. Während für beide Beispiele eine gewollte und zweckspezifische Enthüllung einiger Informationen beobachtbar ist, ist die weitergehende Verhüllung anderer Wissensbestände im Fall von Siemens in einer informalen Schattenstruktur angesiedelt. Vorgänge innerhalb der NASA werden als Konstruktion und Aufrechterhaltung eines offenen Geheimnisses reinterpretiert.