bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amós e a "memória que tudo dita" nas "Elegias do país das Gerais", de Dantas Motta
Authors: Camilo Vagner 
Published: December 2018

Este artigo tem por escopo examinar as peculiaridades do memorialismo poético de Dantas Motta no segundo livro de sua obra maior (Elegias do país das Gerais). Tais peculiaridades compreendem a visada crítica lançada ao passado; a figuração do eu como poeta-jurista e poeta-profeta; e o discurso elegíaco concebido a partir da fusão da linguagem poética e do jargão jurídico.
Statins Reduce Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Growth in Marfan Syndrome Mice via Inhibition of the Ras‐Induced ERK (Extracellular Signal‐Regulated Kinase) Signaling Pathway
Authors: Sato Tetsuya , Arakawa Mamoru , Tashima Yasushi , Tsuboi Eitoshi , Burdon Grayson , Trojan Jeffrey , Koyano Tiffany , Youn Young‐Nam , Penov Kiril , Pedroza Albert J. , Shabazzi Mohammad , Palmon Itai , Nguyen Marie Noel , Connolly Andrew J. , Yamaguchi Atsushi , Fischbein Michael P. 
Published: December 2018

Background
Statins reduce aneurysm growth in mouse models of Marfan syndrome, although the mechanism is unknown. In addition to reducing cholesterol, statins block farnesylation and geranylgeranylation, which participate in membrane‐bound G‐protein signaling, including Ras. We dissected the prenylation pathway to define the effect of statins on aneurysm reduction.

Methods and Results

Fbn1
C1039G/+
mice were treated with (1) pravastatin (HMG‐CoA [3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A] reductase inhibitor), (2) manumycin A (
MA
;
FPT
inhibitor), (3) perillyl alcohol (
GGPT
1 and ‐2 inhibitor), or (4) vehicle control from age 4 to 8 weeks and euthanized at 12 weeks. Histological characterization was performed. Protein analysis was completed on aortic specimens to measure ERK (extracellular signal‐regulated kinase) signaling. In vitro
Fbn1
C1039G/+
aortic smooth muscle cells were utilized to measure Ras‐dependent
ERK
signaling and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) activity. Pravastatin and
MA
significantly reduced aneurysm growth compared with vehicle control (n=8 per group). In contrast,
PA
did not significantly decrease aneurysm size. Histology illustrated reduced elastin breakdown in
MA
‐treated mice compared with vehicle control (n=5 per group). Although elevated in control Marfan mice, both phosphorylated c‐Raf and phosphorylated
ERK
1/2 were significantly reduced in
MA
‐treated mice (4–5 per group). In vitro smooth muscle cell studies confirmed phosphorylated
cR
af and phosphorylated
ERK
1/2 signaling was elevated in
Fbn1
C1039G/+
smooth muscle cells (n=5 per group).
Fbn1
C1039G/+
smooth muscle cell Ras‐dependent
ERK
signaling and
MMP
activity were reduced following
MA
treatment (n=5 per group). Corroborating in vitro findings,
MMP
activity was also decreased in pravastatin‐treated mice.

Conclusions

Aneurysm reduction in
Fbn1
C1039G/+
mice following pravastatin and
MA
treatment was associated with a decrease in Ras‐dependent
ERK
signaling.
MMP
activity can be reduced by diminishing Ras signaling.
Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Dietary Pattern and Risk of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Results From the ARIC Study
Authors: Haring Bernhard , Selvin Elizabeth , He Xintong , Coresh Josef , Steffen Lyn M. , Folsom Aaron R. , Tang Weihong , Rebholz Casey M. 
Published: December 2018

Background

The role of a healthy dietary pattern in the prevention of abdominal aortic aneurysms (
AAA
) is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between adherence to a Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension‐style dietary pattern and the risk of incident
AAA
s.

Methods and Results

Dietary intake was assessed via a 66‐item food frequency questionnaire at baseline (1987–1989) and at visit 3 (1993–1995) in 13 496 participants enrolled in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study without clinical
AAA
(mean age, 54 years). A dietary scoring index based on food times was constructed to assess self‐reported adherence to a dietary approaches to stop hypertension‐style dietary pattern. Participants were followed for incident clinical
AAA
s using hospital discharge diagnoses, Medicare inpatient and outpatient diagnoses, or death certificates through December 31, 2011. Cox proportional hazards models with covariate adjustment were used to estimate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. During a median follow‐up of 23 years, there were 517 incident
AAA
cases. Individuals with a Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension‐style diet score in the highest quintile had a 40% lower risk of hospitalization for
AAA
than those in the lowest quintile (hazard ratio
Q5 vs Q1
: 0.60; 95% confidence intervals: 0.44, 0.83;
P
trend
=0.002). In detailed analyses, higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low‐fat dairy, and nuts and legumes was related to a lower risk for
AAA
.

Conclusions

Greater adherence to a Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension‐style dietary pattern was associated with lower risk for
AAA
. Higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low‐fat dairy as well as nuts and legumes may help to decrease the burden of
AAA
s.
Body Mass Index From Early‐, Mid‐, and Older‐Adulthood and Risk of Heart Failure and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: MESA
Authors: Fliotsos Michael , Zhao Di , Rao Vishal N. , Ndumele Chiadi E. , Guallar Eliseo , Burke Gregory L. , Vaidya Dhanajay , Delaney Joseph (Chris) A. , Michos Erin D. 
Published: December 2018

Background
Obesity contributes significantly to risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and especially for heart failure (HF). An elevated body mass index (BMI) in older adults might not carry the same risk as in younger adults, but measured weights at other lifetime points are often not available. We determined the associations of self‐reported weights from early‐ and mid‐adulthood, after accounting for measured weight at older age, with incident HF/ASCVD risk.

Methods and Results

We studied 6437 MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) participants (aged 45–84, free of baseline HF/ASCVD) with self‐reported weights at ages 20 and 40 years (by questionnaire), measured weights at up to 5 in‐person examinations (2000–2012), and follow‐up for adjudicated HF/ASCVD events. Participant mean±SD age at the baseline examination was 62.2±10.2 years. Over median follow‐up of 13 years, 290 HF and 828 ASCVD events occurred. After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and baseline BMI, higher self‐reported weights at ages 20 and 40 years were independently associated with increased risk of incident HF with hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of 1.27 (1.07–1.50) and 1.36 (1.18–1.57), respectively, per 5‐kg/m
2
higher BMI. For incident ASCVD, only higher BMI at age 20 years was associated after accounting for current BMI (1.13 [1.01–1.26] per 5 kg/m
2
). Obesity during follow‐up examinations was also associated with incident HF (1.72 [1.21–2.45]) but not ASCVD.

Conclusions
Self‐reported lifetime weight is a low‐tech tool easily utilized in any clinical encounter. Although subject to recall bias, self‐reported weights may provide prognostic information about future HF risk, incremental to current BMI, in a multiethnic cohort of middle‐aged to older adults.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00005487.
Eligibility, Clinical Outcomes, and Budget Impact of PCSK9 Inhibitor Adoption: The CANHEART PCSK9 Study
Authors: Ko Dennis T. , Khan Anam M. , Kotrri Gynter , Austin Peter C. , Wijeysundera Harindra C. , Koh Maria , Chu Anna , Jackevicius Cynthia A. , Lawler Patrick R. , Tu Jack V. 
Published: December 2018

Background

The FOURIER (Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research With PCSK9i [Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin‐Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors] in Subjects With Elevated Risk) trial found a reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (
ASCVD
). Our objective was to estimate the eligibility, clinical outcomes, and budget impact of adopting
PCSK
9i in a large healthcare system.

Methods and Results

Ontario, Canada, residents alive in 2011, aged 40 to 85 years, were eligible for inclusion.
PCSK
9i eligibility was determined on the basis of
FOURIER
trial definition. Hazard ratios observed in the
FOURIER
trial were applied to assess the number of events that could be avoided. Budget impact was calculated as the difference between projected costs of treatment adoption and events avoided if
PCSK
9i were used. Of the 2.4 million included individuals, 5.3% had a history of
ASCVD
. We estimated that 2.7% of the general population and 51.9% of the patients with ASCVD would be eligible for
PCSK
9i. Adoption of
PCSK
9i in all eligible patients with ASCVD was projected to reduce primary events rates by 1.8% after 3 years. Despite cost reduction of $44 million in events,
PCSK
9i adoption would have a net budget impact of $1.5 billion over 3 years. Potential benefits of
PCSK
9i varied widely across subgroups, with the largest absolute risk reduction estimated to be 4.3% at 3 years in peripheral artery disease. In this subgroup of 5601 patients, the budget impact of treatment adoption was $116 million.

Conclusions

We estimated that ≈1 in 2 patients with ASCVD would be eligible for
PCSK
9i. The budget impact of adopting
PCSK
9i for all patients with ASCVD is substantial. Selective adoption to high‐risk patients will lessen the overall budgetary impact of
PCSK
9i treatment.
Modifiable Predictors of Ventricular Ectopy in the Community
Authors: Kerola Tuomas , Dewland Thomas A. , Vittinghoff Eric , Heckbert Susan R. , Stein Phyllis K. , Marcus Gregory M. 
Published: December 2018

Background
Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) predict heart failure and death. Data regarding modifiable risk factors for PVCs are scarce.

Methods and Results

We studied 1424 Cardiovascular Health Study participants randomly assigned to 24‐hour Holter monitoring. Demographics, comorbidities, habits, and echocardiographic measurements were examined as predictors of PVC frequency and, among 845 participants, change in PVC frequency 5 years later. Participants exhibited a median of 0.6 (interquartile range, 0.1–7.1) PVCs per hour. Of the more directly modifiable characteristics and after multivariable adjustment, every SD increase in systolic blood pressure was associated with 9% more PVCs (95% confidence interval [CI], 2%–17%;
P
=0.01), regularly performing no or low‐intensity exercise compared with more physical activity was associated with ≈15% more PVCs (95% CI, 3–25%;
P
=0.02), and those with a history of smoking exhibited an average of 18% more PVCs (95% CI, 3–36%;
P
=0.02) than did never smokers. After 5 years, PVC frequency increased from a median of 0.5 (IQR, 0.1–4.7) to 1.2 (IQR, 0.1–13.8) per hour (
P
<0.0001). Directly modifiable predictors of 5‐year increase in PVCs, described as the odds per each quintile increase in PVCs, included increased diastolic blood pressure (odds ratio per SD increase, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02–1.31;
P
=0.02) and a history of smoking (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02–1.68;
P
=0.04).

Conclusions
Enhancing physical activity, smoking cessation, and aggressive control of blood pressure may represent fruitful strategies to mitigate PVC frequency and PVC‐associated adverse outcomes.
Bidirectional and Temporal Association Between Hypertension and Microalbuminuria: A Longitudinal Study in Chinese Adults
Authors: Zhang Mingzhi , Jiang Yanbo , Zhang Qiu , Chen Yan , He Yan , Lin Yao , Peng Hao 
Published: December 2018

Background
Although hypertension and microalbuminuria are closely interrelated, the magnitude and temporal sequence of the bidirectional association between hypertension and microalbuminuria are largely unknown. We aimed to delineate the bidirectional and temporal relationship between hypertension and microalbuminuria.

Methods and Results

Leveraging a longitudinal cohort of Chinese adults who had blood pressure and urinary albumin measured twice 4 years apart, we examined the temporal association between hypertension and microalbuminuria by bidirectional and cross‐lagged panel analysis. All participants were free of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease at baseline. Bidirectional association analysis found that baseline microalbuminuria predicted the risk of incident hypertension (odds ratio=1.75,
P
=0.028), and baseline blood pressure also significantly predicted the risk of microalbuminuria (odds ratios=1.27 and 1.21 for a per‐SD increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively; all
P
<0.05). Cross‐lagged panel analysis demonstrated a bottom‐line significant relationship of baseline systolic blood pressure to follow‐up urinary albumin (
P
=0.079), which is significantly weaker than the other direction of the relationship of baseline urinary albumin to follow‐up blood pressures (all
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
These findings indicate a significant bidirectional association between microalbuminuria and hypertension in Chinese adults. Elevated urinary albumin excretion is more likely to precede hypertension. The causality between microalbuminuria and hypertension needs further investigation.
Is the Cost-Effectiveness of Stroke Thrombolysis Affected by Proportion of Stroke Mimics?
Authors: Liberman Ava L. , Choi Ho-Jun , French Dustin D. , Prabhakaran Shyam 
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose—
Differentiating ischemic stroke patients from stroke mimics (SM), nonvascular conditions which simulate stroke, can be challenging in the acute setting. We sought to model the cost-effectiveness of treating suspected acute ischemic stroke patients before a definitive diagnosis could be made. We hypothesized that we would identify threshold proportions of SM among suspected stroke patients arriving to an emergency department above which administration of intravenous thrombolysis was no longer cost-effective.

Methods—
We constructed a decision-analytic model to examine various emergency department thrombolytic treatment scenarios. The main variables were proportion of SM to true stroke patients, time from symptom onset to treatment, and complication rates. Costs, reimbursement rates, and expected clinical outcomes of ischemic stroke and SM patients were estimated from published data. We report the 90-day incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of administering intravenous thrombolysis compared with no acute treatment from a healthcare sector perspective, as well as the cost-reimbursement ratio from a hospital-level perspective. Cost-effectiveness was defined as a willingness to pay <$100 000 USD per quality adjusted life year gained and high cost-reimbursement ratio was defined as >1.5.

Results—
There was an increase in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios as the proportion of SM cases increased in the 3-hour time window. The threshold proportion of SM above which the decision to administer thrombolysis was no longer cost-effective was 30%. The threshold proportion of SM above which the decision to administer thrombolysis resulted in high cost-reimbursement ratio was 75%. Results were similar for patients arriving within 0 to 90 minutes of symptom onset as compared with 91 to 180 minutes but were significantly affected by cost of alteplase in sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions—
We identified thresholds of SM above which thrombolysis was no longer cost-effective from 2 analytic perspectives. Hospitals should monitor SM rates and establish performance metrics to prevent rising acute stroke care costs and avoid potential patient harms.
Choosing among Regularized Estimators in Empirical Economics: The Risk of Machine Learning
Authors: Abadie Alberto , Kasy Maximilian 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Many settings in empirical economics involve estimation of a large number of parameters. In such settings, methods that combine regularized estimation and data-driven choices of regularization parameters are useful. We provide guidance to applied researchers on the choice between regularized estimators and data-driven selection of regularization parameters. We characterize the risk and relative performance of regularized estimators as a function of the data-generating process and show that data-driven choices of regularization parameters yield estimators with risk uniformly close to the risk attained under the optimal (unfeasible) choice of regularization parameters. We illustrate using examples from empirical economics.
„Zielone miasto” atrakcji, zwierzęta i nowoczesność. Powstanie warszawskiego ogrodu zoologicznego w odrodzonej Polsce
Authors: Wróbel-Bardzik Karolina 
Published: December 2018

A “green city” – attractions, animals and modernity: The establishment of the Warsaw Zoological Garden in independent PolandThe article describes the history of establishing the Warsaw Zoological Garden in independent Poland after the First World War, a watershed period when it was possible to implement modern designs not only in the broader, national context, but also in the local and urban environment. Intensive discussions on the form of modernity attempted to find its version which would combine European and local inspiration. To some extent, the establishment of a modern zoo also defined the place of animals in the urban space. While some species were excluded from the city centre, others were put in the sphere of leisure time. „Zielone miasto” atrakcji, zwierzęta i nowoczesność. Powstanie warszawskiego ogrodu zoologicznego w odrodzonej PolsceArtykuł dotyczy założenia warszawskiego ogrodu zoologicznego po odzyskaniu przez Polskę niepodległości. Był to moment przełomowy, pozwalający na wprowadzenie istotnych zmian modernizacyjnych zarówno w kontekście narodowym, jak i lokalnym, miejskim. Toczyły się wówczas dyskusje na temat wizji nowoczesności, poszukiwano takiej jej wersji, która łączyłaby trendy europejskie i lokalne inspiracje. Założenie ogrodu zoologicznego jako nowoczesnej instytucji określało w pewnym stopniu także miejsce zwierząt w przestrzeni miejskiej. Zauważalne były wówczas procesy rugowania niektórych gatunków zwierząt z miasta czy sytuowania innych w obrębie kultury czasu wolnego.
The data-driven Bulgarian WordNet: BTBWN
Authors: Osenova Petya , Simov Kiril 
Published: December 2018

The data-driven Bulgarian WordNet: BTBWNThe paper presents our work towards the simultaneous creation of a data-driven WordNet for Bulgarian and a manually annotated treebank with semantic information. Such an approach requires synchronization of the word senses in both - syntactic and lexical resources, without limiting the WordNet senses to the corpus or vice versa. Our strategy focuses on the identification of senses used in BulTreeBank, but the missing senses of a lemma also have been covered through exploration of bigger corpora. The identified senses have been organized in synsets for the Bulgarian WordNet. Then they have been aligned to the Princeton WordNet synsets. Various types of mappings are considered between both resources in a cross-lingual aspect and with respect to ensuring maximum connectivity and potential for incorporating the language specific concepts. The mapping between the two WordNets (English and Bulgarian) is a basis for applications such as machine translation and multilingual information retrieval. Oparty na danych WordNet bułgarski: BTBWNW artykule przedstawiono naszą pracę na rzecz jednoczesnej budowy opartego na danych wordnetu dla języka bułgarskiego oraz ręcznie oznaczonego informacjami semantycznymi banku drzew. Takie podejście wymaga uzgodnienia znaczeń słów zarówno w zasobach składniowych, jak i leksykalnych, bez ograniczania znaczeń umieszczanych w wordnecie do tych obecnych w korpusie, jak i odwrotnie. Nasza strategia koncentruje się na identyfikacji znaczeń stosowanych w BulTreeBank, przy czym brakujące znaczenia lematu zostały również zbadane przez zgłębienie większych korpusów. Zidentyfikowane znaczenia zostały zorganizowane w synsety bułgarskiego wordnetu, a następnie powiązane z synsetami Princeton WordNet. Rozmaite rodzaje rzutowań są rozpatrywane pomiędzy obydwoma zasobami w kontekście międzyjęzykowym, a także w odniesieniu do zapewnienia maksymalnej łączności i możliwości uwzględnienia pojęć specyficznych dla języka bułgarskiego. Rzutowanie między dwoma wordnetami (angielskim i bułgarskim) jest podstawą dla aplikacji, takich jak tłumaczenie maszynowe i wielojęzyczne wyszukiwanie informacji.
The role of conceptual integration and simple dynamic scenarios in the meaning construction of the mapping in mathematics
Authors: Woźny Jacek 
Published: December 2018

The role of conceptual integration and simple dynamic scenarios in the meaning construction of the mapping in mathematicsOver the last two decades the impact of conceptual metaphor and conceptual blending on mathematics has been extensively researched (Lakoff & Núñez, 2000; Fauconnier & Turner, 2002; Turner, 2005; Núñez, 2006; Alexander, 2011; Turner, 2012; Danesi, 2016; Woźny, 2018). This paper examines the manner in which simple dynamic scenarios allow, through the process of conceptual integration, for multiple ways of constructing the meaning of a mathematical mapping. The paper analyses selected fragments extracted from two popular academic mathematics textbooks to ascertain how the authors use a number of simple dynamic scenarios to explain the concept. The paper then demonstrates how these dynamic scenarios help to avoid the problem of circularity of the (static) formal definition of the mapping. The results of the study indicate that conceptual blending may account for the flexibility of mathematics and its effectiveness in modelling the world around us. Rola integracji pojęciowej i prostych scenariuszy dynamicznych w konstrukcji znaczenia odwzorowania w matematyceW ciągu ostatnich dwudziestu lat pojawiło się wiele publikacji dotyczących roli metafor oraz integracji pojęciowej w matematyce (Lakoff & Núñez, 2000; Fauconnier & Turner, 2002; Turner, 2005; Núñez, 2006; Alexander, 2011; Turner, 2012; Danesi, 2016; Woźny, 2018). W tym artykule badany jest sposób, w jaki proste scenariusze dynamiczne wpływają, poprzez proces integracji pojęciowej, na konstruowanie wielu znaczeń odwzorowania (funkcji) w matematyce. Badane są fragmenty dwóch popularnych podręczników matematyki, w których autorzy wyjaśniają pojęcie odwzorowania poprzez proste scenariusze dynamiczne, unikając w ten sposób błędu logicznego „nieznane przez nieznane", którym obarczona jest statyczna definicja odwzorowania. Wyniki analizy mogą sugerować, że elastyczność matematyki – jej niezmienna skuteczność w modelowaniu otaczającego nas świata – jest efektem procesów integracji pojęciowej.
Lexical platform – the first step towards user-centred integration of lexical resources
Authors: Piasecki Maciej , Walkowiak Tomasz , Rudnicka Ewa , Bond Francis 
Published: December 2018

Lexical platform – the first step towards user-centred integration of lexical resourcesLexical platform – the first step towards user-centred integration of lexical resources The paper describes the Lexical Platform - a means for lightweight integration of independent lexical resources. Lexical resources (LRs) are represented as web components that implement a minimal set of predefined programming interfaces. These provide functionality for querying and generate a simple, common presentation format. Therefore, a common data format is not needed and the identity of component LRs is preserved. Users can search, browse and navigate via resources on the basis of a limited set of anchor elements such as base form, word form and synset id. Platforma leksykalna – pierwszy krok w kierunku integracji zasobów leksykalnych zorientowanej na użytkownikówArtykuł opisuje Platformę Leksykalną – sposób na lekką integrację niezależnych zasobów leksykalnych. Zasoby leksykalne są na niej reprezentowane jako komponenty webowe, które implementują minimalny zestaw predefiniowanych interfejsów programistycznych. Interfejsy te dostarczają funkcjonalność do przeszukiwania oraz generują prosty, jednolity format prezentacji zasobów. W związku z tym wspólny format danych nie jest konieczny i tożsamość składowych zasobów leksykalnych jest zachowana. Użytkownicy mogą przeszukiwać zasoby na podstawie ograniczonego zbioru odwołań takich jak forma podstawowa, forma wyrazowa i identyfikator synsetu.